bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Normal Cortisol Response on Low-Dose Synacthen (1 μg) Test in Children with Prader Willi Syndrome
Authors: Nyunt Ohn , Cotterill Andrew M. , Archbold Sinead M. , Wu Joyce Y. , Leong Gary M. , Verge Charles F. , Crock Patricia A. , Ambler Geoffrey R. , Hofman Paul , Harris Mark
Published: September 2010

Introduction: It has been postulated that central adrenal insufficiency (CAI), resulting from hypothalamic dysfunction, may contribute to the increased unexplained death rates in Prader Willi syndrome (PWS). A study using the overnight metyrapone test reported a 60% prevalence of CAI in children with PWS. We used a low-dose Synacthen test to screen for CAI in children with PWS.

Methods: We studied 41 children with genetic diagnosis of PWS [20 males; mean age, 7.68 (±5.23) yr] in five pediatric endocrinology centers in Australasia. All participants were randomly selected, and none had a history of Addisonian crisis. Ten of the cohort were receiving sex hormone therapy, 19 were receiving GH, and four were receiving T4. Their mean body mass index z-score was +1.48 (±1.68). Baseline morning ACTH and cortisol levels were measured, followed by iv administration of 1 μg Synacthen. Post-Synacthen cortisol levels were measured at 30 min, and a cortisol level above 500 nmol/liter was considered normal.

Results: The mean baseline ACTH and cortisol were 15 (±14) ng/liter and 223 (±116) nmol/liter, respectively. The mean 30-min plasma cortisol was 690 (±114) nmol/liter, and the average increase from baseline was 201%.

Conclusions: Our result suggests that CAI is rare in children with PWS.
Chemical characterization of tin-lead glazed ceramics from Aragon (Spain) by neutron activation analysis
Authors: Inanez Javier G. , Speakman R. J. , Buxeda i Garrigós Jaume , Glascock M. D.
Published: September 2010

Majolica pottery was the most characteristic tableware produced in Spain during the Medieval and Renaissance periods. A study of the three main production centers in the historical region of Aragon during Middle Ages and Renaissance was conducted on a set of 71 samples. The samples were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and the resulting data were interpreted using an array of multivariate statistical procedures. Our results show a clear discrimination among different production centers allowing a reliable provenance attribution of ceramic sherds from the Aragonese workshops.
Analysis of municipal waste dump soil using a low power reactor: a study by instrumental neutron activation analysis
Authors: Waheed S. , Siddique N.
Published: September 2010

Soil samples from an open waste dump site and a background sample from a site located beside Kashmir Highway near sector H-11, Islamabad, were analyzed for 36 major, minor and trace elements. Suitable instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) methodology was developed through optimization of irradiation, cooling and counting protocols using a 27 kW low power miniature neutron source reactor (MNSR). Large variations in the composition of soil samples taken from the dump site were observed and it was found that most of the elements including Al, Ca, Ti, As, Br, Ce, Co, Cs, Ga, Hf, Mn, Nd, La, Sb, Sc, Sm, Sn, Ta, Tb Th, V, Yb, Zn, Eu, Se, and Zr, in the background soil lie in the concentration range of the dump soil sample. However, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ba, Rb, Sr, U, Zn, Hg and Sb were found to be in higher amounts in the dump site samples. To validate the developed INAA methodology and to ensure the accuracy and precision of the results, IAEA Lake Sediment (SL-1) and IAEA Soil-7 (S-7) were analyzed as control materials.
Perfluorinated phenols as extraction agents for Cs+ and Sr2+
Authors: Baker Robert J. , Ogilvie Helen V. , Richards Amanda J.
Published: September 2010

The extraction efficiency of some perfluorinated phenols for the removal of Cs+ and Sr2+ from aqueous solutions is reported. The perfluorinated phenols C6F5OH and 2,3,5,6-C6F4HOH have been shown to extract 90Sr2+ or Cs+ from aqueous solutions into a 100:1 mixture of toluene and pyridine in reasonable efficiencies, using radio-tracer and ICP-OES techniques. Additionally uranium, 59Fe3+ {as a model for Pu(IV)} and Eu3+ {as a model for Am(III)} were investigated, with only iron not being successfully extracted.
Low temperature growth and laser-induced phase transformation of perovskite oxide films for uncooled IR detector applications
Authors: Sarney Wendy , Little John W , Livingston Frank E , Niesz Krisztian , Cole Melanie W , Morse Daniel E
Published: September 2010

Pyroelectric infrared (IR) detectors based on perovskite oxides are of interest in part because of their lack of need for cooling, which makes them relatively more affordable and operationally simpler than cooled photon detector systems. We are investigating two methods for low-cost growth of perovskite oxide thin films, namely, a bio-inspired, low-temperature synthesis method and a modified industry-standard metalorganic solution deposition (MOSD) method. Subsequent to film synthesis, we utilize direct-write laser phase conversion and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication for development of an uncooled IR focal plane array (FPA). Film growth, crystallization and MEMS processes are compatible with monolithic integration of the detector pixels directly onto Si readout integrated circuits (ROICs).
Thermal Conductivity of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Combustion Method
Authors: Sahoo Pranati , Misra Dinesh , Chaubey Girija Shankar , Salvador James , Takas Nathan J. , Poudeu Pierre F. P.
Published: September 2010

Monodispersed nickel oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized using solution combustion synthesis method. Size of the nanoparticles was controlled by varying different reaction parameters such as reaction temperature and reaction time. Structure and morphology of the nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. BET surface area of 99.7 m2/g was obtained for the nanoparticles synthesized at 300 °C. A decrease in surface area was observed with increase in reaction temperature. The nanoparticles were compacted using spark plasma sintering technique at 950 °C and thermal conductivity was studied on compacted sample. Significant decrease in thermal conductivity was observed for nanoparticles in compared to their bulk counter-part.
The Role of Sputter Pressure in Influencing Electrical and Optical Properties of ITO on Glass
Authors: Elhalawaty Shereen , Sivaramakrishnan Karthik , David Theodore , Alford Terry L
Published: September 2010

Thin layers of indium tin oxide (ITO) were deposited onto glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering with the pressure varying from 6 mTorr to 15 mTorr. The films were annealed in a reducing atmosphere at 500 °C for 30 minutes. Sheet resistance was determined by four-point-probe measurement. Resistivity, mobility, and carrier concentration were obtained by Hall effect measurements. Transmission of the films in the visible spectrum was determined by photospectrometry. The structure of the films was characterized by X-ray diffraction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine the oxidation state of Sn, which was used to determine the fraction of active tin clusters. The effect of additional anneals was investigated. The results reveal that the lowest resistivity obtained was 1.69×10-4 -cm at 9 mTorr and the highest transmittance of 90% was obtained after a second anneal. However, the second anneal decreased the mobility and conductivity for high sputter pressures.
Analyzing the Mesoscopic Structure of Pericellular Coats on Living Cells
Authors: Boehm Heike , Mundinger Tabea A , Hagel Valentin , Boehm Christian H. J. , Curtis Jennifer E , Spatz Joachim P
Published: September 2010

We employed passive particle-tracking microrheology to map the micromechanical structure of the hyaluronan-rich pericellular coat enveloping chondrocytes. Therefor we exploited the technique's position sensitivity to gain radial information on the coat. We observed a linear increase in viscoelasticity from the coat's rim towards the cell membrane. This gradient corresponds to hyaluronan concentration profiles observed in confocal fluorescent microscopy with small, specific hyaluronan markers. These results suggest that the structural basis of the pericellular coat is formed by grafted hyaluronan of different effective lengths stretched out by a homogenous decoration with hyaladherins such as aggrecan. The different effective lengths could be caused either by different lengths of the HA chains or by “side-on” attachments within the chain. Remarkably, the hyaluronan-rich coat increases the viscosity of the pericellular space only by about a factor of about two at 100 and at 20 Hz compared to pure media and an increasing elastic component is observed. Both the viscoelasticity as well as the hyaluronan concentration decrease linearly or slightly exponential from the cell membrane towards the PCC's rim. These observations could be obtained on living cells exploiting this unintrusive measurement techniques.
Water extracts of Brazilian leguminous seeds as rich sources of larvicidal compounds against Aedes aegypti L.
Authors: Farias Davi F. , Cavalheiro Mariana G. , Viana Martônio P. , Queiroz Vanessa A. , Rocha-Bezerra Lady C.B. , Vasconcelos Ilka M. , Morais Selene M. , Carvalho Ana F.U.
Published: September 2010

This study assessed the toxicity of seed water extracts of 15 leguminous species upon Aedes aegypti larvae. A partial chemical and biochemical characterization of water extracts, as well as the assessment of their acute toxicity in mice, were performed. The extracts of Amburana cearensis, Anadenanthera macrocarpa, Dioclea megacarpa, Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Piptadenia moniliformis caused 100% of mortalit y after 1 to 3 h of exposure. They showed LC50 and LC90 values ranging from 0.43 ± 0.01 to 9.06 ± 0.12 mg/mL and from 0.71 ± 0.02 to 13.03 ± 0.15 mg/mL, respectively. Among the secondary metabolite constituents, the seed water extracts showed tannins, phenols, flavones, favonols, xanthones, saponins and alkaloids. The extracts also showed high soluble proteins content (0.98 to 7.71 mg/mL), lectin (32 to 256 HU/mL) and trypsin inhibitory activity (3.64 = 0.43 to 26.19 = 0.05 gIT/kg of flour) The electrophoretic profiles showed a great diversity of protein bands, many of which already described as insecticide proteins. The extracts showed low toxicity to mice (LD50 > 0.15 = 0.01 g/kg body weight), but despite these promising results, further studies are necessary to understand the toxicity of these extracts and their constituentsfrom primary and secondary metabolism upon Ae. aegypti.
Mudas de laranjeira 'valência' sobre dois porta-enxertos e sob diferentes manejos de adubação
Authors: Girardi Eduardo Augusto , Mourão Filho Francisco de Assis Alves , Alves André Siqueira Rodrigues
Published: September 2010

O manejo da adubação é uma das principais práticas culturais para a produção de mudas cítricas em cultivo protegido. Avaliou-se o efeito de seis tipos de manejo das adubações comercialmente recomendadas na produção de mudas de laranjeira 'Valência' [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] enxertada sobre os porta-enxertos limoeiro 'Cravo' (Citrus limonia Osbeck) e citrumeleiro 'Swingle' [Citrus paradisi Macf. x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.]. As avaliações foram conduzidas a partir da transplantação dos porta-enxertos até 180 dias após a enxertia, em viveiro empresarial, em Conchal-SP. Os manejos corresponderam a duas soluções de fertilizantes solúveis aplicadas isoladamente, soluções de fertilizante solúveis associadas a fertilizante de liberação controlada e aplicação exclusiva de fertilizante de liberação controlada. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o fatorial 2 x 6 (porta-enxerto x manejo da adubação), em blocos casualizados, com três repetições e 12 mudas na parcela. O limoeiro 'Cravo' induziu maior crescimento ao enxerto. O crescimento vegetativo das mudas foi similar após o uso de fertilizantes solúveis ou de liberação controlada, apesar da grande variação de quantidades totais de nutrientes fornecidas às plantas. Desta forma, o viveirista poderá optar pelo manejo mais econômico ou prático, conforme as condições locais.
Franz Brentano: equivocidad del ser y objeto intencional
Authors: Porta Mario Ariel González
Published: September 2010

Este trabajo se propone probar que el concepto brentaniano de intencionalidad, más propiamente, su teoría de la inmanencia del objeto intencional y el posterior abandono de la misma, no pueden ser comprendidos de modo adecuado sino en el marco de las preocupaciones ontológicas del autor y, en particular, de su defensa inicial y subsiguiente rechazo de la tesis de la equivocidad del ser.
As letras da cidade ou quando a literatura inventa o urbano: leitura e sensibilidade moderna na Curitiba da Primeira República
Authors: Gruner Clóvis
Published: September 2010

Como outras cidades brasileiras do período, nos primeiros anos do século XX a capital paranaense, Curitiba, passa por um significativo processo de transformações, que afetam tanto sua esfera material quanto sócio-cultural. Uma gramática é construída para nominar esse novo universo: lazer, prazer, aventura, hedonismo; mas também individualismo, estranhamento, indiferença, multidão, insegurança, risco. A intenção deste artigo é apontar as diferentes maneiras de ler a modernização e a modernidade e suas representações pela produção dos discursos, em especial os literários. Entendemos que são eles, especialmente, os responsáveis pelo léxico que tenta representar as novas experiências, sociabilidades e sensibilidades urbanas.
Disfunção da articulação sacro-ilíaca em jovens com dor lombar
Authors: Ramírez Carolina Ramírez , Lemus Diana Marina Camargo
Published: September 2010

INTRODUÇÃO: A dor lombar representa um problema de saúde pública. Estima-se que uma elevada porcentagem de casos de dor lombar (85-90%) não tem uma causa conhecida. Acredita-se que a disfunção da articulação sacro-ilíaca possa explicar, em parte, essa alta porcentagem. OBJETIVO: Determinar a frequência da disfunção da articulação sacro-ilíaca em jovens com dor lombar e descrever possíveis associações com características sócio-demográficas, clínicas e antropométricas da população estudada. METODOLOGIA: A amostra foi selecionada por meio de entrevista direta. Sessenta e sete sujeitos (92,5% mulheres) com idade média de 21 ± 2,1 participaram do estudo. Foi realizado exame físico que incluiu a avaliação da dor à palpação, amplitude de movimento da flexão do quadril, funcionalidade avaliada por meio do Oswestry Disability Index, e realização de quatro provas de provocação de dor da articulação sacro-ilíaca (Gaenslen, thigh thrust, compressão ilíaca e compressão sacra). O diagnóstico para disfunção da articulação sacro-ilíaca foi considerado positivo se pelo menos três das provas foram positivas. RESULTADOS: A frequência de disfunção da articulação sacro-ilíaca foi de 35,8% IC 95% (24,0-47,6). Foi observada associação da disfunção da articulação com diminuição de flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais, pontuação do Oswestry Disability Index e dor à palpação. Não foram encontradas associações estatisticamente significativas com as variáveis sócio-demográficas. CONCLUSÃO: A alta frequência de disfunção da articulação sacro-ilíaca encontrada sugere a possibilidade de detectar e intervir precocemente uma possível causa de dor lombar, evitando alterações funcionais de maior severidade.
Effect of Atorvastatin in radiographic density on alveolar bone loss in wistar rats
Authors: Goes Paula , Lima Ana Patrícia Souza , Melo Iracema Matos , Rêgo Rodrigo Otávio Citó César , Lima Vilma
Published: September 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Atorvastatin (ATV) on alveolar bone loss induced in rats. Periodontitis was induced by ligature placement around the upper second left molar in a total of 24 male Wistar rats (± 200 g). Groups of 6 animals received via oral gavage either saline or ATV (1, 3 and 9 mg/kg) during 11 days. After this time, the animals were sacrificed and their maxillae were removed, defleshed, radiographed by Digora System®, and latter stained to be photographed using a digital camera. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Bonferroni test at 5% significance level and presented as mean ± SEM. ATV (9 mg/kg) caused a significant increase on gray tone variation of over 48% (118.3 ± 12.0 gray tones) when compared to saline (79.8 ± 6.2 gray tones), indicating greater radiographic density. These data were corroborated by macroscopic findings, where ATV (9 mg/kg) reduced alveolar bone loss by over 47% (p<0.05), when compared to the group of untreated animals (saline). In summary, ATV was able to prevent alveolar bone loss seen on a ligature-induced periodontitis model.
Desempenho produtivo da tilápia do nilo em tanques-rede numa represa pública: modelo empírico de classificação
Authors: Carvalho Edmir Daniel , Camargo André Luiz Scarano , Zanatta Augusto Seawright
Published: September 2010

Nos últimos anos, a piscicultura brasileira em tanques-rede, em águas públicas abertas, tem sido alavancada por incentivos governamentais e privados, e a tilápia do nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) tem sido o principal pescado utilizado. Como forma de melhorar a eficiência de produção, empiricamente, os piscicultores realizam o manejo de classificação e a repicagem das tilápias em engorda, resultando em lotes com diferentes rendimentos e precocidades, num gradiente dos melhores aos piores rendimentos. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o desempenho de engorda de tilápias em um rotineiro sistema de produção em tanques-rede, sendo utilizado o usual modelo empírico de classificação e repicagem em três etapas distintas e tendo por fundamento a separação dos lotes de peixes em classes de tamanho e peso, ao longo do processo de engorda. Os resultados mostraram situações bem distintas. Num extremo, lotes de peixes precoces sendo comercializados após o processo de classificação e repicagem, aos 152 dias de engorda, apresentando taxas crescentes de ganho de peso diário (entre 0,30 e 7,23g dia-1) e de conversão alimentar aparente satisfatória (entre 1,50 e 1,53). No outro extremo, lotes heterogêneos sendo comercializados com 213 dias, taxas de ganho de peso inconstantes (entre 0,94 e 8,24) e elevadas taxas de conversão alimentar aparente (entre 1,54 e 3,03). A partir dos resultados, pode-se destacar a relevância dessa prática empírica de manejo zootécnico em piscicultura, que mostra grandes discrepâncias de rendimentos e precocidades entre os lotes, considerando o tempo de cultivo, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar aparente. Além disso, recomenda-se, para os lotes heterogêneos destinos, alternativas como a utilização de piscicultura extensiva (sem arraçoamento) para a mitigação dos impactos ambientais negativos inerentes dessa atividade zootécnica.
Lisina digestível para suínos machos não castrados de alto potencial genético em fase de crescimento
Authors: Kiefer Charles , Donzele Juarez Lopes , Oliveira Rita Flávia Miranda de
Published: September 2010

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar a exigência de lisina digestível para suínos machos não castrados de alto potencial genético em fase de crescimento. Foram utilizados 320 machos não castrados e 80 castrados, com peso inicial de 27,75±1,61kg, distribuídos em delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso composto por cinco tratamentos (0,90; 1,00; 1,10 e 1,20% de lisina digestível para não castrados e 1,10% de lisina digestível para castrados), oito repetições, com 10 animais cada. O aumento da concentração de lisina na dieta aumentou de forma linear (P<0,05) o peso final, consumo de lisina diário, ganho em peso diário e consumo de lisina por quilograma de ganho em peso e reduziu a conversão alimentar dos machos não castrados. Os tratamentos não influenciaram (P>0,05) o consumo de ração diário dos machos não castrados. Suínos castrados apresentaram maior (P<0,05) consumo diário de ração e pior (P<0,05) conversão alimentar em relação aos não castrados alimentados com as dietas contendo 1,00; 1,10 e 1,20% de lisina. Machos castrados apresentaram consumo de lisina diário superior (P<0,05) aos não castrados alimentados com a dieta contendo 0,90; 1,00 e 1,10% de lisina. Suínos castrados apresentaram menor (P<0,05) ganho de peso diário e peso final em relação aos não castrados consumindo a dieta contendo 1,20% de lisina. Foi observado maior (P<0,05) consumo de lisina por quilograma de ganho em peso dos machos castrados em relação aos não castrados. Recomenda-se o mínimo de 1,20% de lisina digestível na dieta de suínos machos não castrados de alto potencial genético em fase de crescimento.
Nitrato de amônio e nitrato de potássio no desenvolvimento in vitro de embriões somáticos de pupunheiras
Authors: Santos Thaís Lobo dos , Almeida Cristina Vieira de , Brondani Gilvano Ebling , Almeida Marcílio de
Published: September 2010

A pupunheira tem se mostrado boa alternativa à exploração extrativista de espécies como juçara e açaí. Porém, quando produzida via sementes apresenta plantio heterogêneo, o que torna a micropropagação ótima alternativa para seu cultivo em larga escala. O experimento objetivou avaliar a influência da interação entre nitrato de amônio e nitrato de potássio no enraizamento de microplantas obtidas a partir do desenvolvimento in vitro de embriões somáticos de pupunheiras, visando otimizar seu protocolo de micropropagação. Os embriões foram inoculados em meio MS com diferentes concentrações de NH4NO3 e KNO3. Aos 120 e 240 dias de cultivo, foram avaliados parâmetros morfofisiológicos do desenvolvimento radicular. Aos 120 dias, nas concentrações mais baixas de nitrogênio, houve estímulo ao crescimento das raízes e a maior ramificação radicular ocorreu com baixas concentrações de NH4NO3 e altas de KNO3. Aos 240 dias, notou-se redução do crescimento radicular e raízes finas prevalecentes. Conclui-se que até 120 dias as microplantas devem ser mantidas em meio com concentrações menores de NH4NO3 e maiores de KNO3 que as empregadas no meio MS, voltando para as concentrações usuais após esse período.
Desempenho fisiológico de sementes de feijão colhidas em diferentes períodos do desenvolvimento
Authors: Botelho Frederico José Evangelista , Guimarães Renato Mendes , Oliveira João Almir , Evangelista José Renato Emiliorelli , Eloi Tiago de Aguiar , Baliza Danille Pereira
Published: September 2010

Na cultura do feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a época adequada de colheita para produção de sementes de alta qualidade é de suma importância. No presente trabalho objetivou-se determinar a época ideal de colheita para a obtenção de sementes com maior qualidade e produtividade. Para a instalação do campo experimental foram utilizadas sementes de feijão de duas cultivares (BRS Majestoso e BRS Horizonte). A colheita foi realizada manualmente, aos 70, 80, 90 e 100 dias após a emergência (DAE). Após a colheita foi feita a determinação do teor de água das sementes, e então as plantas foram secas ao sol, debulhadas manualmente e as sementes pesadas para verificação da produtividade. Em seguida, as sementes foram separadas ou não em quatro 4 classes de tamanho, sendo 3 em peneiras (14/64, 17/64 e 18/64). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial, em faixa, com quatro repetições. A avaliação da qualidade das sementes foi realizada por meio dos testes de germinação, índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE) e condutividade elétrica. Concluiu-se que a colheita aos 90 DAE propicia maior produtividade e qualidade de sementes de feijão das cultivares avaliadas.
Caracterização tecnológica de extrusados de terceira geração à base de farinhas de mandioca e pupunha
Authors: Carvalho Ana Vânia , Vasconcelos Marcus Arthur Marçal de , Silva Priscilla Andrade , Assis Glaucy Takeda , Ascheri José Luis Ramirez
Published: September 2010

Conduziu-se este trabalho,com o objetivo de estudar as propriedades funcionais tecnológicas de extrusados de terceira geração obtidos de misturas de farinhas de pupunha (Bactris gasipaes Kunth.) e mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), por meio das análises de densidade aparente, índice de absorção de água, índice de solubilidade em água e viscosidade de pasta (RVA). Os extrusados foram formulados, adicionando-se 15, 20 e 25% de farinha de pupunha à farinha de mandioca, sendo processados em extrusora monorosca, escala piloto. Os parâmetros de extrusão foram fixos, utilizando-se cinco zonas de extrusão com temperaturas de 30ºC, 40ºC, 60ºC, 65ºC e 70ºC; velocidade do parafuso 177rpm; taxa de alimentação 292g/min e matriz laminar de 1mm. Os extrusados de terceira geração obtidos apresentaram valores relativamente baixos ou intermediários de IAA e ISA, variando de 5,01 a 6,48g/g e 5,37 a 7,34% para IAA e ISA, respectivamente. Após o processo de fritura dos extrusados, observou-se expansão e, consequentemente, redução na densidade aparente dos mesmos. O desenvolvimento ou aplicação de tecnologias como a extrusão, que permitam o aproveitamento de matérias-primas regionais, entre elas a mandioca e a pupunha, é uma forma de agregação de valor às riquezas existentes e, ao mesmo tempo, possibilita a diversificação de novos produtos alimentícios prontos para o consumo.
Avaliação da redução por ligamentotaxia nas fraturas toracolombares tipo explosão
Authors: Silva Márcio Beckhauser da , Graells Xavier Soler i , Zaninelli Ed Marcelo , Benato Marcel Luiz
Published: September 2010

OBJETIVO: avaliar a correção da cifose, da altura do corpo vertebral e da redução dos fragmentos retropulsados nas fraturas toracolombares tipo explosão por ligamentotaxia. MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo avaliando um total de 238 pacientes com fraturas toracolombares tipo explosão do grupo A3 pela classificação de Magerl et al., dos quais 63 deles elegíveis para a pesquisa. Todos foram tratados com fixador interno pedicular e tinham imagens radiográficas e tomográficas pré e pós-operatórias. RESULTADOS: No estudo, foi constatada, no pós-operatório imediato, uma correção da cifose vertebral no local da fratura de 87%, com correção de 51% na altura do corpo vertebral e redução de 40% dos fragmentos retropulsados intracanal. CONCLUSÕES: o uso de fixador interno por via posterior permite, ao realizar ligamentotaxia, a restauração da altura do corpo vertebral fraturado, do alinhamento sagital da coluna e descompressão do canal espinhal, minimizando as comorbidades em relação à cirurgia pela via anterior e à laminectomia para descompressão do canal.
Epidemiologia das fraturas toracolombares cirúrgicas na zona leste de São Paulo
Authors: Rodrigues Luiz Cláudio Lacerda , Bortoletto Adalberto , Matsumoto Marcelo Hide
Published: September 2010

OBJETIVO: fazer uma análise prospectiva de cem pacientes com fratura da coluna toracolombar submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico em um hospital terciário da zona leste de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo com início em Janeiro de 2006 até Julho de 2009, sendo incluído um total de 100 pacientes com fratura da coluna toracolombar submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. Avaliou-se o sexo, a idade, o mecanismo de trauma, o déficit neurológico e o tipo de fratura. RESULTADOS: foi observado que queda de altura foi o principal fator causador deste tipo de fratura seguido de acidentes com veículos automotores. O sexo masculino foi responsável por 66% dos casos, porém não foi observada diferença entre o mecanismo de trauma e o sexo. Observamos também que a lesão neurológica apresenta relação direta com a gravidade de fratura e que a junção toracolombar é a região mais acometida. CONCLUSÃO: concluímos que a incidência de fraturas na zona leste de São Paulo é elevada e associam-se a quedas acidentais. Verifica-se que estes dados são importantes para que medidas de prevenção possam ser tomadas com vistas a diminuir a morbidade deste grave tipo de trauma.
Formas de traducción cultural en el itinerario de la poesía gauchesca
Authors: Romano Eduardo
Published: September 2010

Este artículo indaga formas de traducción transemiótica en un género literario especial, el de la poesía gauchesca, cuyos orígenes mantenían intercambios evidentes con la oralidad que se fueron perdiendo y transformando a lo largo de su historia. Además, el género también varió desde unos comienzos más bien jocosos o desafiantes hacia un tono mayormente quejumbroso, el que se nota en los últimos "Diálogos" de Bartolomé Hidalgo y retoma medio siglo después José Hernández. Estanislao Del Campo, a su vez, utiliza el género - en una circunstancia histórica muy particular - con la confianza de que cualquier legado cultural puede ser traducido sin límites de fronteras geográficas, políticas y de clase, sentando las bases de una concepción literaria para los países periféricos, uno de cuyos herederos sería Jorge Luis Borges.
Commentary on the journal of Lourens Lourenszoon (1618-1625) and his stay among the Arocouros on the Lower Cassiporé River, Amapá (Brazil)
Authors: Whitehead Neil L
Published: September 2010

This commentary presents an overview of the place of Lourens Lourenszoon's account of his captivity among the Arocouros (Palikur) Indians in relation to other contemporary sources on the native peoples of Guyana. In particular the claims as to witnessing of both cannibalism as well as the capture of a 'headless-man' provide a rich context in which to situate broader issues of ethnographic epistemology and eye-witness observation. Such marvels and monstrosities are closely associated with early wring on the Americas and in this way the account of Lourens Lourenszoon is an important addition to the debates on interpretation of historical documents across cultural space. This new translation also provides important demographic and geographical information on the situation of the native population of the Cassiporé River and region of Amapá (Brazil) in the early seventeenth century that can inform further archaeological, ethnohistorical and ethnographic investigation.
Swabbing-Test Interpretation Using Nonlinear Regression in San Jorge Gulf Basin
Authors: Naranjo Euver , Bravo José , Díaz Eugenio , Caldera José
Published: September 2010

In the San Jorge basin in southern Argentina, swabbing tests are the conventional testing technique used by YPF to evaluate production potential on those reservoirs that do not flow naturally to surface. During the well-completion phase, a swabbing device is lowered into the wellbore to test each reservoir layer individually. These wells, which produce from multilayer formations, are later completed for commingled production. Accordingly, the swabbing test represents the only opportunity to measure dynamic properties for each individual layer.

So far, pressure-transient analysis of such tests has been limited to the use of conventional interpretation methods applied to the infinite-acting radial-flow (IARF) portion on those tests in which such a flow regime is observed. This can happen if a bottomhole shut-in valve is used or if the shut-in period is given a long enough time for the bottomhole pressure to reach conditions close to initial reservoir pressure. Unfortunately, both practices increase the completion cost substantially, which affects well economics strongly. As a result of this economic limitation, neither practice is applied on a routine basis, so most of the time, transient-pressure interpretation is not performed.

In an attempt to obtain value from routine swabbing tests, where an IARF condition is not observed, a different method of test interpretation has been introduced. Through the computation of the instantaneous flow rate from the pressure-trend increase during the swabbing period, it is possible to use nonlinear numerical regression to make an estimation of the reservoir permeability, even if IARF is not present.

With this innovative approach, YPF is constructing for the first time representative production models for each well, thereby improving reserves estimations and production forecasts.
Hydrajet Testing Under Deep-Well Conditions Points to New Requirements for Hard-Rock Perforating
Authors: Surjaatmadja Jim B. , Bailey Andrew , Sierra Silverio
Published: September 2010

The use of hydrajetting for perforating wells has been common since the 1960s. During those early years, wells were relatively shallow, and jetting success was demonstrated consistently. However, as wells were drilled to depths where rock formations were harder, performance of hydrajetting became less dependable because subsequent stimulation failures occurred more often from the lack of fracture initiation.

To help prevent this situation, a series of tests was performed to define new best practices for hydrajet perforating of rock under high ambient pressure. Various rocks were subjected to the tests that were conducted using different jetting pressures and abrasives. To understand the jetting behavior better, the mechanical characteristics (such as Young's moduli, Poisson's ratios, and compressive strengths) were also evaluated.

This paper discusses various tests results, and new constraints for jetting are defined and presented.
An Update on the Use of Reservoir Analogs for the Estimation of Oil and Gas Reserves
Authors: Sidle R.E.. E. , Lee W.J.. J.
Published: September 2010

Since a prior paper on analogy for estimating petroleum reserves (Hodgin and Harrell 2006), new dimensions of this topic have emerged. This paper provides updated guidance for analogy use and explains new concepts for the application of analogy in reserves estimation and classification.

Reserves evaluators using engineering and geoscience techniques now have new petroleum-reserves rules that include the use of analogy. In 2007, SPE finalized the Petroleum Resource Management System (PRMS) instructions, and in late 2008, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) published updated regulations on reserves reporting. Recent papers (Lee 2009; Etherington 2009) provide good summaries of the updated SEC rules and a comparison to PRMS. This paper will provide guidance to aid understanding of and compliance with these rules as related to the use of analogs.

The paper provides interpretations of new analogy-related terminology and the related reserves rules. It also gives examples of how these interpretations can be applied to common reserves-estimation situations where analogy is used. The paper also addresses new concepts concerning how analogies can be shown as valid and can be adjusted for minor differences in the comparison of target field with analogy field.

The recent publication of the US SEC reserves reporting rules, which draw partially from the SPE PRMS, has increased interest in deeper understanding of both these SEC rules and PRMS. This paper will assist those who develop and use petroleum-reserves data in understanding how the use of analogy can contribute to reliable reserves estimates and proper classification. Please note that the opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone. They represent the opinions of neither the US SEC nor its staff members.
CO2 EOR Potential in Naturally Fractured Haft Kel Field, Iran
Authors: Alavian Sayyed Ahmad , Whitson Curtis H.
Published: September 2010

We present results studying the enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) potential for carbon dioxide (CO2) injection in the naturally fractured Haft Kel field, Iran, on the basis of detailed compositional simulations of a homogeneous single matrix block surrounded by fractures. Oil recoveries from CO2 injection in this idealized model approach 90% for reservoir pressures of 1,400 psia and higher (i.e., at and above current reservoir pressure of 1,500–1,800 psia). It is expected that heterogeneity will reduce recovery on the field scale. This compares with 15–25% recoveries reported for gas-cap expansion and/or injection of hydrocarbon (HC) gas.

Fundamentally different recovery mechanisms develop above and below 2,000 psia, the pressure at which CO2 density equals the reservoir-oil density. At lower pressures, CO2 is less dense than reservoir oil and traditional gas/oil gravity segregation results, with a highly efficient process driven by gravity, compositional effects, and interfacial-tension (IFT) gradients that cause capillary-induced oil flow. At pressures greater than 2,000 psia, CO2 density is greater than reservoir-oil density, resulting in an unusual gravity-drainage mechanism whereby CO2 enters the bottom of a matrix block and pushes oil out the sides and top of the matrix block.

The effect of several key parameters has been studied in detail—matrix permeability, matrix-block size, matrix/matrix capillary continuity (stacked blocks), and the use of mixtures of CO2 and HC gas. One of the key results is how the rate of recovery differs for combined injection of HC gas and CO2, and how it varies for CO2 injection for different model parameters.

EOR results are affected by grid sensitivity. Grid effects have been quantified and compared for different model parameters. Final EOR assessment is made using models in which sufficient grid refinement is used to minimize grid sensitivity.
Non-specific methods for detecting residues of cleaning agents during cleaning validation
Authors: Milenovic Dragan , Pesic Dragan , Mitic Snezana
Published: September 2010

Cleaning validation procedures are carried out in order to assure that
residues of cleaning agents are within acceptable limits after the cleaning
process. Cleaning agents often consist of a mixture of various surfactants
which are in a highly diluted state after the water rinsing procedure has
been completed. This makes it difficult to find appropriate analytical
methods that are sensitive enough to detect the cleaning agents. In addition,
it is advantageous for the analytical methods to be simple to perform and to
give results quickly. In this study, three different non-specific analytical
methods are compared: visual detection of foam, pH and conductivity
measurements. The analyses were performed on different dilutions of the
cleaning agents Bactericidal Hydroclean and Tickopur R33. The results
demonstrated that the most appropriate method for these detergents is
conductivity measurements, by which it is possible to detect concentrations
of cleaning agents down to 10 ?g/ml. In these case, pH is inadequate method
(non-linear) and visual detection of foam is a semi-quantitative method. All
these methods are easy to perform, gives a quick results, and requires no
expensive instrumentation.
Can virtue be genetically engineered?
Authors: Arnhart Larry
Published: September 2010

We are not born virtuous or vicious. But we are born with innate temperaments and capacities that influence our acquisition of virtue by learning and judgment. As Aristotle says in the Nicomachean Ethics, “virtues arise in us neither by nature nor contrary to nature; but by our nature we can receive them and perfect them by habituation.”
Genetically engineered people: Autonomy and moral virtue
Authors: Blackford Russell
Published: September 2010

I endorse Mark Walker's thesis that there is no moral difference between genetic interventions to make it more likely that children will develop moral virtues, such as truthfulness, caring, and justice—however, exactly, these are understood—and environmental interventions aimed at the same outcome. In this response, I offer some further considerations that tend to support the thesis in the face of “loss of freedom” or “loss of autonomy” arguments.
Palliative Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Akhtar PS
Published: September 2010

DOI: 10.3329/jafmc.v6i1.5982Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh Vol.6(1) 2010 p.2-3
Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Acid Victims in Bangladesh
Authors: Zafreen F , Wahab MA , Islam MN , Rahman MA
Published: September 2010

This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out on acid victims, who were admitted to Dhaka MedicalCollege Hospital (DMCH) and were present in Thikana and Jibontara (clinic cum rehabilitation centre) ofAcid Survivors Foundation (ASF). Most of the acid victims from every corner of the country come to DMCHfor their treatment and ASF provides both curative and rehabilitative assistance as well as legal proceduralhelp. A total number of 90 (ninety) acid victims, both old and new cases were selected purposively in the studyto determine their socio demographic characteristics and also to identify the possible causes and the perceivedperpetrators. Victims' age range was 01 to 50 years and Mean ± SD of age was 20.03 ± 8.83 years. Ninetypercent (81) of the victims were female, 58.9% (53) were adolescent, 60% (54) were unmarried, 53.3% (48)were below secondary level educated, 51.1% (46) were student and 32.2% (29) were housewife by occupation.Sixty nine percent (62) victims were from semi-urban area and 40% (36) from Dhaka division (capital city)and 62.2% (56) victims from income < 5,000 taka per month. Fifty five percent (50) causes were due to variousrefusals and 14.4% (13) were due to dowry, 64.4% (58) perpetrators were rejected suitor and 16.7% (15) werehusband. Eighty percent (72) incidences were occurred at home and 93.3% (84) occurrences were at nighttime.Ninety one percent (82) victims received threat before the incidence and 52.3% (33) filed general diary (GD) inlocal police station before the occurrence. Seventy nine percent (71) survivors had no knowledge about acid, itssource and its consequences before the incidence. This study depicts the national scenario of the sociodemographiccharacteristics of acid victims and perceived perpetrators in Bangladesh.Key words: Acid victims; Bangladesh; victim age.DOI: 10.3329/jafmc.v6i1.5985Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh Vol.6(1) 2010 p.12-15
Neolithic Pits, a Bronze Age Cremation and an Early Iron Age Ring-Ditch at Newton Farm, Cambuslang, Lanarkshire
Authors: O'Brien Leonora , Clements Victoria , Roy Mike , Macnab Neil
Published: September 2010

Fieldwork at Newton Farm, Cambuslang (NGR NS 672 610) was undertaken in advance of housing development in 2005–6.

A cluster of six shallow Neolithic pits were excavated, and a collection of 157 round-based, carinated bowl sherds and a quern fragment were recovered from them. The pits produced a date range of 3700 to 3360 cal BC. Most of the pits yielded burnt material, and one of the pits showed evidence of in situ burning. The pottery may form ‘structured deposits’.

A Bronze Age adult cremation placed in a Food Vessel dated to 3610±30 BP (2040–1880 cal BC) was set in a wider landscape of single and multiple cremations and inhumations on the river terraces overlooking the Clyde. A possible unurned cremation was also identified. This was cut by the course of a small ring-ditch dated to the very late Bronze Age or early Iron Age 2520±30 BP (800–530cal BC).
Adriatic Sea trade in a European perspective
Authors: Hodges Richard
Published: September 2010

This article is a summary of the Dalrymple Lectures given in 2009. It reviews the archaeology of north-west European economics, and then contrasts this with the new evidence for 7th- to 9th-century long-distance commerce in the Adriatic Sea region and its implications for the changing economic circumstances in peninsula Italy. The essay attempts to take a new stance on my book Dark Age Economics (1982) and, using new archaeological evidence, offers new interpretations of the rise of the Carolingian economy as well as the limited capacity of the western Middle Byzantine economy.
Excavation at Tollpark Roman Temporary Camp, North Lanarkshire
Authors: White Ross
Published: September 2010

CFA Archaeology Ltd carried out an archaeological investigation at Tollpark Roman Temporary Camp ditch, close to the Antonine Wall, in advance of a retail development by Cumbernauld Retail Park Limited Partnership. A desk-based assessment suggested that the camp ditch survived below the made ground of the factory's landscaped grounds. Trial trenching confirmed the ditch's presence in the development area, and that it was largely intact. The ditch in this area measured a maximum of 92m x 127m and was fully excavated. The ditch was typically V-shaped in profile with an intermittent ankle-breaker and two entrances were identified on the western side. The only artefactual remains of Roman date recovered were fragments of waterlogged wood which showed signs of tooling. Analysis of the ditch fill deposits indicated that the ditch filled in gradually, and was not deliberately filled upon abandonment of the camp. No other features associated with the camp were identified.
Prevention Strategies in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Trottier Greg , Lawrentschuk N. , Fleshner N. E.
Published: September 2010

Prostate cancer (PCa) prevention has been an exciting and controversial topic since the results of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) were published. With the recently published results of the REDUCE (Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events) trial, interest in this topic is at a peak. Primary PCa prevention will be unlikely to affect mortality significantly, but the reduction in overtreatment and the effect on quality of life from the avoidance of a cancer diagnosis are important factors to consider. This review provides a comparative update on the REDUCE and PCPT trials and some clinical recommendations. Other potential primary preventive strategies with statins, selective estrogen response modulators, and nutraceutical compounds—including current evidence for these agents and their roles in clinical practice—are discussed. Many substances that have been examined in the primary prevention of PCa and for which clinical data are either negative or particularly weak are not covered. The future of PCa prevention continues to expand, with several ongoing clinical trials and much interest in tertiary prostate cancer prevention.
Bone Health in Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer: What’s the Big Deal?
Authors: Lattouf J. B. , Saad F.
Published: September 2010

Since 2000, the medical community has become increasingly aware of bone health in men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)—mainly because of new therapies that have been shown to reduce bone loss and associated fractures in this patient population. The threat of bone complications has become even more concerning in the prostate-specific antigen era, because ADT is initiated earlier (with biochemical recurrence after local treatment) and maintained longer before the appearance of metastatic disease. The present review examines the relevance of bone health in nonmetastatic prostate cancer, with a discussion of the new treatment modalities available.
Association of the Intergenic Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs10865331 (2p15) with Ankylosing Spondylitis in a Spanish Population
Authors: SÁNCHEZ ALEJANDRA , SZCZYPIORSKA MAGDALENA , JUANOLA XAVIER , BARTOLOMÉ NEREA , GRATACÓS JORDI , ZARCO PEDRO , COLLANTES EDUARDO , ARTIEDA MARTA , MARTÍNEZ ANTONIO , TEJEDOR DIEGO , MULERO JUAN
Published: September 2010

Objective.

A recent genome-wide association study has identified 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), rs10865331 (2p15) and rs2242944 (21q22). We assessed the association of these SNP with AS in a Spanish population.

Methods.

Four hundred fifty-six patients with AS fulfilling the modified New York Criteria and 300 healthy donors were analyzed.

Result.

SNP rs10865331 (allele A: p = 0.039; genotype: p = 0.016) was significantly associated with AS, while no association was found for rs2242944.

Conclusion.

This is the first study that replicates in an independent cohort the association of the intergenic SNP rs10865331 with susceptibility to AS.
Endogenous Gastric Mediators: Patho‐Physiological Role and Measurements
Authors: Konturek Stanislaw J. , Bielanski Wladysław , Konturek Peter C. , Brzozowski Thomas
Published: September 2010

The protocols described in this unit are designed to present the major endogenous gastric mediators involved in the control of gastric acid secretion, namely gastrin and histamine, and in the regulation of gastric motility, which include motilin and ghrelin, under physiological and pathological conditions. The measurement of these mediators in plasma or serum of humans and animals by radioimmunoassay are described and their pathophysiological role is discussed. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 45:21.6.1‐21.6.24. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.