bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A homotopy exact sequence for overconvergent isocrystals
Authors: Lazda Christopher , Pál Ambrus
Published: October 2021

In this article we prove exactness of the homotopy sequence of overconvergent fundamental groups for a smooth and projective morphism in characteristicp. We do so by first proving a corresponding result for rigid analytic varieties in characteristic$0$, following dos Santos [dS15] in the algebraic case. In characteristicp, we then proceed by a series of reductions to the case of a liftable family of curves, where we can apply the rigid analytic result. We then use this to deduce a Lefschetz hyperplane theorem for convergent fundamental groups, as well as a comparison theorem with the étale fundamental group.
Black Feminist Rumba Pedagogies
Authors: Berry Maya J.
Published: October 2021

Rumba guaguancó, a sub-genre of Afro-Cuban popular dance, has been widely defined as a dance of courtship, characterized as a male pursuit of a woman's sex. The article analyzes alternative meanings of the sub-genre articulated in the pedagogical practices of black women rumba dancers. Insights were gleaned from the author's own dance training in Havana while conducting original ethnographic research between 2009 and 2018. What the author terms “a black feminist choreographic aptitude” taught by rumberas (women rumba dancers) speaks to the pointedly gendered valances of worsening racialized class inequality in contemporary Cuba. Building on Blanco Borelli's theory of “hip(g)nosis,” the article interrogates the racialized and gendered discourses historically reproduced through dominant definitions of rumba, limiting women of African descent to sexual objects. The study argues for increased critical attention to pedagogy as a hermeneutical tool, centering those subjects historically marginalized from the production of knowledge about their bodies.
Choreographing Social Change: Reflections on Dancing in Blackness
Authors: Osumare Halifu
Published: October 2021

This autoethnography explores a dance scholar's previous choreographic trajectory, positioning the author's career within the sixties and seventies Black Arts Movement for social change. I explore several iterations of my dance lecture-demonstration in particular, which was produced over two decades and three continents, demonstrating how temporal and spatial shifts affect the content and context of a choreographic work. Additionally, I explore my shift into arts producing through my national dance initiative that helped define the work of eighties Black choreographers in the postmodern dance movement. The result is a consideration of how being Black, female, and a dancer provides a particular sociohistorical lens.
Dietary sodium estimation methods: accuracy and limitations of old and new methods in individuals at high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Tsirimiagkou Christiana , Karatzi Kalliopi , Basdeki Eirini D , Argyris Antonios A , Papaioannou Theodore G , Yannakoulia Maria , Protogerou Athanase D
Published: October 2021

Objective:

Accurate and easy to use methods for dietary Na intake estimation in population level are lacking. We aimed at (i) estimating the mean Na intake in the group level using a variety of dietary methods (DM) and urinary methods (UM) and correlating them with 24-h urine collection (24UCol) and (ii) improving the accuracy of the existing DM.

Design:

The most common DM (three 24-h dietary recalls (24DR) and FFQ) and UM (24UCol and spot urine collection using common equations) were applied. To improve the existing: (i) 24DR, discretionary Na was quantified using salt-related questions or adding extra 15 % in total Na intake and (ii) FFQ, food items rich in Na and salt-related questions were added in the standard questionnaire (NaFFQ).

Setting:

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.

Participants:

Totally, 122 high cardiovascular risk subjects (56·0 ± 12·6 years; 55·7 % males).

Results:

Mean 24 h Na excretion (24UNa) was 2810 ± 1304 mg/d. Spot urine methods overestimated the 24UNa (bias range: −1781 to −492 mg) and were moderately correlated to 24UCol (r= 0·469–0·596,P≤ 0·01). DM underestimated the 24UNa (bias range: 877 to 1212 mg) and were weakly correlated with 24UCol. The improved DM underestimated the 24UNa (bias range: 877 to 923 mg). The NaFFQ presented the smallest bias (−290 ± 1336 mg) and the strongest correlation with 24UCol (r= 0·497,P≤ 0·01), but wide limits of agreement in Bland–Altman plots (−2909 mg; 2329 mg), like all the other methods did.

Conclusions:

The existing methods exhibit poor accuracy. Further improvement of the newly developed NaFFQ could be promising for more accurate estimation of mean dietary Na intake in epidemiological studies. Additional validation studies are needed.
Channel‐Form Adjustment of an Alluvial River Under Hydrodynamic and Eco‐Geomorphologic Controls: Insights From Applying Equilibrium Theory Governing Alluvial Channel Flow
Authors: Su Teng , Huang He Qing , Carling Paul A. , Yu Guoan , Nanson Gerald C.
Published: October 2021

Alluvial rivers commonly are subject to the integrated effects of hydrodynamic and eco‐geomorphologic controls and there has been a lack of suitable methods to measure the effects. By taking the alluvial reach of the Yellow River over the Yinchuan Plain as a suitable example, this study evaluates the degree of hydrodynamic control in the channel‐form adjustment of different channel patterns in light of the advances in equilibrium theory governing alluvial channel flow. In response to the significant variations in flow regime and channel forms, the non‐dimensional number that measures the equilibrium state of alluvial channel flow varies in the ranges of 0.23–0.65, 0.047–0.17 and 0.0012–0.0024 respectively in the anabranching, meandering and braided reaches during 1993–2015. The significant differences among the H‐ranges are mainly because the individual anabranches have neither very narrow nor very deep cross‐sections, while the single‐thread channels in the meandering and braided reaches take moderately and significantly wider and shallower cross‐sections, respectively. These results demonstrate that the number is a good discriminator of river channel patterns, and the relatively small variability of within each channel pattern implies that the channels in the study reach are resilient to significant change in flow regime but yet hydrodynamic control is only partial. While the number is capable of embodying the outcome of the complex integrated effects of multiple localized eco‐geomorphic controls with flow dynamics, more studies are required to define its specific varying ranges for different river channel patterns and differing eco‐geomorphic controls.
Improved Forecast Skill Through the Assimilation of Dropsonde Observations From the Atmospheric River Reconnaissance Program
Authors: Zheng Minghua , Delle Monache Luca , Cornuelle Bruce D. , Ralph F. Martin , Tallapragada Vijay S. , Subramanian Aneesh , Haase Jennifer S. , Zhang Zhenhai , Wu Xingren , Murphy Michael J. , Higgins Timothy B. , DeHaan Laurel
Published: October 2021

Landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs) over the western US are responsible for ∼30%–50% of the annual precipitation, and their accurate forecasts are essential for aiding water management decisions and reducing flood risks. Sparse coverage of conventional observations over the Pacific Ocean, which can cause inadequate upstream initial conditions for numerical weather prediction models, may limit the improvement of forecast skill for these events. A targeted field program called AR Reconnaissance (Recon) was initiated in 2016 to better understand and reduce forecast errors of landfalling ARs at 1–5 days lead times. During the winter seasons of 2016, 2018, and 2019, 15 Intensive Observation Periods (IOPs) sampled the upstream conditions for landfalling ARs. This study evaluates the impact on forecast accuracy of assimilating these dropsonde data. Data denial experiments with (WithDROP) and without (NoDROP) dropsonde data were conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation four‐dimensional ensemble variational system. Comparisons between the 15 paired NoDROP and WithDROP experiments demonstrate that AR Recon dropsondes reduced the root‐mean‐square error in integrated vapor transport (IVT) and inland precipitation for more than 70% of the IOPs, averaged over all forecast lead times from 1 to 6 days. Dropsondes have improved the spatial pattern of forecasts of IVT and precipitation in all 15 IOPs. Significant improvements in skill are found beyond the short range (1–2 days). IOP sequences (i.e., back‐to‐back IOPs every other day) show the most improvement of inland precipitation forecast skill.
Storm‐Scale and Fine‐Scale Boundary Layer Structures of Tropical Cyclones Simulated With the WRF‐LES Framework
Authors: Liu Qingyuan , Wu Liguang , Qin Nannan , Li Yubin
Published: October 2021

Previous studies demonstrated that the tropical cyclone (TC) boundary layer (TCBL) contains small‐scale coherent structures, such as roll vortices and tornado‐scale vortices (TSVs), and they play important roles in energy transport and intensity changes in TCs. However, little is known about how horizontal resolutions can affect storm‐scale and fine‐scale structures in the TCBL with the grid spacing decreasing from the turbulent gray zone (100 m–1 km) to the large‐eddy scale (<100 m). In this study, numerical experiments with the large eddy simulation technique are used to investigate the effect of the model horizontal resolution on the simulated TC‐scale and fine‐scale structures in the TCBL. The simulated TC tends to have a shallower BL, a lower BL jet associated with stronger near‐surface vertical wind shear in the TCBL when the grid spacing decreases from 333 to 111 m or 37 m. When the grid spacing decreases to 111 m or 37 m, the fine‐scale coherent structures and near‐surface wind streaks associated with roll vortices and TSVs can be simulated, and the characteristics of the simulated turbulent kinetic energy in the TCBL are in good agreement with observational studies. With the grid spacing of 111 and 37 m, no significant differences in TC intensity are found in terms of instantaneous maximum and azimuthal‐mean maximum wind speeds. This study suggests that simulations with the horizontal grid spacing of 100 m or less can simulate the small coherent structures in the TCBL and their effect on TC intensity.
Field‐Based Estimation of Net Primary Productivity and Its Above‐ and Belowground Partitioning in Global Grasslands
Authors: Sun Yuanfeng , Feng Yuhao , Wang Yupin , Zhao Xia , Yang Yuanhe , Tang Zhiyao , Wang Shaopeng , Su Haojie , Zhu Jiangling , Chang Jinfeng , Fang Jingyun
Published: October 2021

Net primary productivity (NPP) in global grasslands is a critical component of terrestrial carbon cycling and the primary source of food for herbivores. However, the size and spatial distribution of NPP across global grasslands remain unclear, especially for belowground NPP (BNPP), which limits our understanding of above‐ and belowground carbon cycling and the assessments of herbivore food security. Here, we compiled a comprehensive grassland NPP database with 1,467 field measurements to estimate the spatial distributions of aboveground NPP (ANPP), BNPP, total NPP (TNPP), and the fraction of BNPP (fBNPP) using the random forest (RF) model. The global mean grassland ANPP, BNPP, TNPP, and fBNPP were 433 ± 31 g m−2 yr−1, 593 ± 47 g m−2 yr−1, 979 ± 78 g m−2 yr−1, and 0.54 ± 0.02, respectively. The total ANPP, BNPP, and TNPP over global grasslands were 6.84 ± 0.49, 9.36 ± 0.74, and 15.46 ± 1.23 Pg C yr−1, respectively. ANPP, BNPP, and TNPP exhibited decreasing trends from low latitudes toward the poles. The spatial pattern of fBNPP was almost opposite to that of ANPP. Climate was a major determinant in shaping the spatial distribution of ANPP and TNPP, while soil and vegetation had significant impacts on that of BNPP and fBNPP. Our findings suggest that field data‐driven estimation of NPP using the RF model could be a useful approach for obtaining spatially explicit NPP of grasslands, particularly BNPP products, and that more attention should be paid on belowground and non‐climatic factors to better assess the carbon cycle in global grasslands.
Lnc-DC promotes estrogen independent growth and tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Peng Wan-Xin , Koirala Pratirodh , Zhou Huaixiang , Jiang Jiahong , Zhang Ziqiang , Yang Liu , Mo Yin-Yuan
Published: October 2021

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as tamoxifen have proven to be effective in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer. However, a major obstacle for such endocrine therapy is estrogen independent growth, leading to resistance, and the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine whether long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in regulation of estrogen independent growth and tamoxifen resistance in ER positive breast cancer. Using a CRISPR/Cas9-based SAM (synergistic activation mediator) library against a focus group of lncRNAs, we identify Lnc-DC as a candidate lncRNA. Further analysis suggests that Lnc-DC is able to reduce tamoxifen-induced apoptosis by upregulation of anti-apoptotic genes such as Bcl2 and Bcl-xL. Furthermore, Lnc-DC activates STAT3 by phosphorylation (pSTAT3Y705), and the activated STAT3 subsequently induces expression of cytokines which in turn activate STAT3, forming an autocrine loop. Clinically, upregulation of Lnc-DC is associated with poor prognosis. In particular, analysis of a tamoxifen-treated patient cohort indicates that Lnc-DC expression can predict the response to tamoxifen. Together, this study demonstrates a previously uncharacterized function of Lnc-DC/STAT3/cytokine axis in estrogen independent growth and tamoxifen resistance, and Lnc-DC may serve as a potential predictor for tamoxifen response.
p62/SQSTM1-induced caspase-8 aggresomes are essential for ionizing radiation-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Lee Su Hyun , Cho Won Jin , Najy Abdo J. , Saliganan Allen-Dexter , Pham Tri , Rakowski Joseph , Loughery Brian , Ji Chang Hoon , Sakr Wael , Kim Seongho , Kato Ikuko , Chung Weon Kuu , Kim Harold E. , Kwon Yong Tae , Kim Hyeong-Reh C.
Published: October 2021

The autophagy–lysosome pathway and apoptosis constitute vital determinants of cell fate and engage in a complex interplay in both physiological and pathological conditions. Central to this interplay is the archetypal autophagic cargo adaptor p62/SQSTM1/Sequestosome-1 which mediates both cell survival and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis via aggregation of ubiquitinated caspase-8. Here, we investigated the role of p62-mediated apoptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which can be divided into two groups based on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status. We show that increased autophagic flux and defective apoptosis are associated with radioresistance in HPV(-) HNSCC, whereas HPV(+) HNSCC fail to induce autophagic flux and readily undergo apoptotic cell death upon radiation treatments. The degree of radioresistance and tumor progression of HPV(-) HNSCC respectively correlated with autophagic activity and cytosolic levels of p62. Pharmacological activation of the p62-ZZ domain using small molecule ligands sensitized radioresistant HPV(-) HNSCC cells to ionizing radiation by facilitating p62 self-polymerization and sequestration of cargoes leading to apoptosis. The self-polymerizing activity of p62 was identified as the essential mechanism by which ubiquitinated caspase-8 is sequestered into aggresome-like structures, without which irradiation fails to induce apoptosis in HNSCC. Our results suggest that harnessing p62-dependent sequestration of ubiquitinated caspase-8 provides a novel therapeutic avenue in patients with radioresistant tumors.
Antibiotic-chemoattractants enhance neutrophil clearance of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Payne Jennifer A. E. , Tailhades Julien , Ellett Felix , Kostoulias Xenia , Fulcher Alex J. , Fu Ting , Leung Ryan , Louch Stephanie , Tran Amy , Weber Severin A. , Schittenhelm Ralf B. , Lieschke Graham J. , Qin Chengxue Helena , Irima Daniel , Peleg Anton Y. , Cryle Max J.
Published: October 2021

The pathogenStaphylococcus aureuscan readily develop antibiotic resistance and evade the human immune system, which is associated with reduced levels of neutrophil recruitment. Here, we present a class of antibacterial peptides with potential to act both as antibiotics and as neutrophil chemoattractants. The compounds, which we term ‘antibiotic-chemoattractants’, consist of a formylated peptide (known to act as chemoattractant for neutrophil recruitment) that is covalently linked to the antibiotic vancomycin (known to bind to the bacterial cell wall). We use a combination of in vitro assays, cellular assays, infection-on-a-chip and in vivo mouse models to show that the compounds improve the recruitment, engulfment and killing ofS. aureusby neutrophils. Furthermore, optimizing the formyl peptide sequence can enhance neutrophil activity through differential activation of formyl peptide receptors. Thus, we propose antibiotic-chemoattractants as an alternate approach for antibiotic development.
Pparg signaling controls bladder cancer subtype and immune exclusion
Authors: Tate Tiffany , Xiang Tina , Wobker Sarah E. , Zhou Mi , Chen Xiao , Kim Hyunwoo , Batourina Ekatherina , Lin Chyuan-Sheng , Kim William Y. , Lu Chao , Mckiernan James M. , Mendelsohn Cathy Lee
Published: October 2021

Pparg, a nuclear receptor, is downregulated in basal subtype bladder cancers that tend to be muscle invasive and amplified in luminal subtype bladder cancers that tend to be non-muscle invasive. Bladder cancers derive from the urothelium, one of the most quiescent epithelia in the body, which is composed of basal, intermediate, and superficial cells. We find that expression of an activated form of Pparg (VP16;Pparg) in basal progenitors induces formation of superficial cells in situ, that exit the cell cycle, and do not form tumors. Expression in basal progenitors that have been activated by mild injury however, results in luminal tumor formation. We find that these tumors are immune deserted, which may be linked to down-regulation of Nf-kb, a Pparg target. Interestingly, some luminal tumors begin to shift to basal subtype tumors with time, down-regulating Pparg and other luminal markers. Our findings have important implications for treatment and diagnosis of bladder cancer.
Competitive and cooperative electronic states in Ba(Fe1−xTx)2As2 with T = Co, Ni, Cr
Authors: Zou Qiang , Fu Mingming , Wu Zhiming , Li Li , Parker David S. , Sefat Athena S. , Gai Zheng
Published: October 2021

The electronic inhomogeneities in Co, Ni, and Cr doped BaFe2As2 single crystals are compared within three bulk property regions: a pure superconducting (SC) dome region, a coexisting SC and antiferromagnetic (AFM) region, and a non-SC region. Machine learning is utilized to categorize the inhomogeneous electronic states: in-gap, L-shape, and S-shape states. Although the relative percentages of the states vary in the three samples, the total volume fraction of the three electronic states is quite similar. This is coincident with the number of electrons (Ni0.04 and Co0.08) and holes (Cr0.04) doped into the compounds. The in-gap state is confirmed as a magnetic impurity state from the Co or Ni dopants, the L-shape state is identified as a spin density wave which competes with the SC phase, and the S-shape state is found to be another form of magnetic order which constructively cooperates with the SC phase, rather than competing with it.
Treatment for COVID-19—a cohort study from Northern Italy
Authors: Guglielmetti Lorenzo , Aschieri Daniela , Kontsevaya Irina , Calabrese Francesco , Donisi Alessandra , Faggi Alberto , Ferrante Patrizia , Fronti Elisa , Gerna Laura , Leoni Maria Cristina , Paolillo Franco , Ratti Giovanna , Ruggieri Alessandro , Sacchini Daria , Scotti Marta , Valdatta Caterina , Stabile Marco , Taliani Gloria , Codeluppi Mauro
Published: October 2021

Multicentre, retrospective cohort study with multivariable Cox proportional-hazards modelling and survival-time inverse-probability-weighting, evaluating the impact of different treatments on survival of proven COVID-19 patients admitted to two Hospitals in the province of Piacenza, Italy. Use of tocilizumab and of high doses of low molecular weight heparin, but not of antivirals (either alone or in combination), azithromycin, and any corticosteroid, was independently associated with lower mortality. Our results support further clinical evaluation of high doses of low molecular weight heparin and tocilizumab as COVID-19 therapeutics.
Optimization of RNA extraction methods from human metabolic tissue samples of the COMET biobank
Authors: Nouvel Agathe , Laget Jonas , Duranton Flore , Leroy Jérémy , Desmetz Caroline , Servais Marie-Dominique , de Préville Nathalie , Galtier Florence , Nocca David , Builles Nicolas , Rebuffat Sandra , Lajoix Anne-Dominique
Published: October 2021

Constitution of biobank of human tissues requires careful handling and storage of biological material, to guarantee the quality of samples. Tissue preparation is also critical for further applications such as transcriptomic profiling. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the impact of different disruption techniques (FastPrep-24 instrument, GentleMACS dissociator, and syringe/needle) and homogenizing buffers (RLT versus QIAzol) on RNA purity and quality of metabolic tissues (adipose tissues, liver and skeletal muscle) present in the COMET Biobank. For all homogenization methods used and tissue types, the A260/280 ratios reached values ≥ 1.8, which are in the range of what is found in human tissues and cell lines, while the A260/230 ratios were however ≤ 1.8, with the lowest value obtained with GentleMACS Dissociator. In addition, GentleMACS Dissociator combined with QIAzol reagent gave the highest RIN value and 28S/18S ratio for all tissues tested, except for muscle. Performing RT-qPCR, Ct values for different housekeeping genes can be influenced by extraction methods and RNA quality of samples. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that different disruption techniques and homogenizing buffers impact the purity and some quality markers of RNA, and can also impact quantification of mRNAs by RT-qPCR in human metabolic tissues.
Artificial selection optimizes clonality in chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius)
Authors: Munguía-Rosas Miguel A.
Published: October 2021

The clonal propagation of crops offers several advantages to growers, such as skipping the juvenile phase, faster growth, and reduced mortality. However, it is not known if the wild ancestors of most clonal crops have a similar ability to reproduce clonally. Therefore, it is unclear whether clonality was an ancestral condition, or if it evolved during domestication in the majority of these crops. Here, I assessed some traits that are relevant to clonal propagation using stem cuttings from chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) and compared these traits to those of its wild ancestor. Chaya is highly relevant crop to food security in its domestication center (Yucatan Peninsula) and is now cultivated in several countries. Chaya is also an excellent model for assessing the effect of domestication on clonality because wild relatives and selection targets are known. Specifically, I compared resistance to desiccation, water and resource storage, as well as the production of new organs (shoots and leaves) by the stems of wild and domesticated plants. I also compared their performance in root development and clone survival. I found that, relative to their wild ancestors, the stem cuttings of domesticated chaya had 1.1 times greater storage capacity for water and starch. Additionally, the stems of domesticated plants produced 1.25 times more roots, 2.69 times more shoots and 1.94 more leaves, and their clones lived 1.87 times longer than their wild relatives. In conclusion, the results suggest that artificial selection has optimized water and starch storage by stems in chaya. Because these traits also confer greater fitness (i.e. increased fecundity and survival of clones), they can be considered adaptations to clonal propagation in the agroecosystems where this crop is cultivated.
Oxytocin increases physiological linkage during group therapy for methamphetamine use disorder: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Thorson Katherine R. , McKernan Scott M. , West Tessa V. , Woolley Joshua D. , Mendes Wendy Berry , Stauffer Christopher S.
Published: October 2021

Patients and psychotherapists often exhibit behavioral, psychological, and physiological similarity. Here, we test whether oxytocin—a neuropeptide that can enhance expressivity and social perception—influences time-lagged “linkage” of autonomic nervous system responses among participants and facilitators during group therapy. Physiological linkage estimates (n = 949) were created from ten cohorts, each with two facilitators (n = 5) and four to six participants (n = 48), over six weekly sessions of group therapy for methamphetamine use disorder. All participants of a cohort received oxytocin or placebo intranasally in a randomized double-blind procedure before each session. Cardiac interbeat intervals (IBI) were measured continuously during sessions to estimate physiological linkage, operationalized as one cohort-mate’s IBI reactivity during one minute predicting another cohort-mate’s IBI reactivity during the following minute. In oxytocin cohorts, participants and facilitators experienced significant physiological linkage to their cohort-mates (i.e., their physiological responses were predicted by the prior responses of their cohort-mates) and significantly more linkage than people in placebo cohorts. Both effects occurred during the first and second sessions but not later sessions. Results suggest that oxytocin may enhance psychosocial processes often associated with linkage—such as social engagement—in groups and highlight oxytocin’s potential to improve group cohesion during group therapy.

Clinical Trials Registration: NCT02881177, First published on 26/08/2016.
Aptamer-based biosensors and their implications in COVID-19 diagnosis
Authors: Mandal Mukti , Dutta Nirmita , Dutta Gorachand
Published: October 2021

This minireview focusses on the comprehensive study of SARS-CoV-2 specific aptamers and aptamer-based biosensors (optical and electrochemical), and their role and future perspectives in COVID-19 diagnosis.
Using molten salts to probe outer-coordination sphere effects on lanthanide(iii)/(ii) electron-transfer reactions
Authors: MacInnes Molly M. , Jones Zachary R. , Li Bo , Anderson Nickolas H. , Batista Enrique R. , DiMucci Ida M. , Eiroa-Lledo Cecilia , Knope Karah E. , Livshits Maksim Y. , Kozimor Stosh A. , Mocko Veronika , Pace Kristen A. , Rocha Francisca R. , Stein Benjamin W. , Wacker Jennifer N. , Yang Ping
Published: October 2021

Molten salt matrices were used to evaluate outer-coordination sphere effects on lanthanide redox chemistry. Results were rationalized by correlating the polarization power of the outer-sphere cation with shifts in the Ln3+/Ln2+ reduction potentials.
Modulation of cell uptake and cytotoxicity by nanoparticles with various physicochemical properties after humic acid adsorption
Authors: Liu Fang , Li Shixin , Feng Hao , Li Lingzhi , Yue Tongtao , Yan Bing
Published: October 2021

Combined experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the original nanoparticle properties regulate nanoparticle–cell interactions through dictating humic acid adsorption and conformation or dynamics of molecules on the nanoparticle surface.
MUFA in metabolic syndrome and associated risk factors: is MUFA the opposite side of the PUFA coin?
Authors: Sheashea Mohamed , Xiao Jianbo , Farag Mohamed A.
Published: October 2021

Omega-9 fatty acids represent some of the main mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) found in plant and animal sources.
Hierarchical microstructure constructed with graphitic carbon-coated Ni3S2 nanoparticles anchored on N-doped mesoporous carbon nanoflakes for optimized sodium storage
Authors: Xu Jia-Lin , Sun Qiang , Chen Hao-Jie , Yan Wen-Jie , Lu Pai
Published: October 2021

A hierarchical microstructure constructed with graphitic-carbon-coated Ni3S2 nanoparticles anchored on N-doped mesoporous carbon nanoflakes was fabricated using a nickel-based micro-nano structure as a precursor and polydopamine as a carbon source.
Catalyst-free synthesis of α,α-disubstituted carboxylic acid derivatives under ambient conditions via a Wolff rearrangement reaction
Authors: Ji Xin , Zhang Zhikun , Wang Yuzhu , Han Yazhe , Peng Huiling , Li Fangzhu , Liu Lu
Published: October 2021

Herein, a hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)-promoted Wolff rearrangement reaction was developed, delivering various α,α-disubstituted carboxylic acid derivatives in good to excellent yields.
The dynamics of three nearby E0 galaxies in refracted gravity
Authors: Cesare V. , Diaferio A. , Matsakos T.
Published: October 2021

We tested whether refracted gravity, a theory of modified gravity that describes the dynamics of galaxies without the aid of dark matter, can model the dynamics of the three massive elliptical galaxies, NGC 1407, NGC 4486, and NGC 5846, out to ∼10Re, where the baryonic mass component fades out and dark matter is required in Newtonian gravity. We probed these outer regions with the kinematics of the globular clusters provided by the SLUGGS survey. Refracted gravity mimics dark matter with the gravitational permittivity, a monotonic function of the local mass density depending on three parameters,ϵ0,ρc, andQ, which are expected to be universal. Refracted gravity satisfactorily reproduces the velocity dispersion profiles of the stars and red and blue globular clusters, with stellar mass-to-light ratios in agreement with stellar population synthesis models, and orbital anisotropy parameters consistent with previous results obtained in Newtonian gravity with dark matter. The sets of the three parameters of the gravitational permittivity found for each galaxy are consistent with each other within ∼2σ. We compare the mean {ϵ0,Q,log10(ρc[g cm−3])} = {0.089−0.035+0.038, 0.47−0.21+0.29, −24.25−0.20+0.28} found here with the means of the parameters required to model the rotation curves and vertical velocity dispersion profiles of 30 disk galaxies from the DiskMass Survey (DMS):ρcandQagree within 1σwith the DMS values, whereasϵ0agrees within 3σ. This agreement suggests that ellipticals and disk galaxies allow for common values of the parameters of the permittivity and supports the universality of the permittivity function.
Eviction-like resonances for satellite orbits
Authors: Vaillant Timothée , Correia Alexandre C. M.
Published: October 2021

The motion of a satellite can experience secular resonances between the precession frequencies of its orbit and the mean motion of the host planet around the star. Some of these resonances can significantly modify the eccentricity (evection resonance) and the inclination (eviction resonance) of the satellite. In this paper, we study in detail the secular resonances that can disturb the orbit of a satellite, in particular the eviction-like ones. Although the inclination is always disturbed while crossing one eviction-like resonance, capture can only occur when the semi-major axis is decreasing. This is, for instance, the case of Phobos, the largest satellite of Mars, that will cross some of these resonances in the future because its orbit is shrinking owing to tidal effects. We estimate the impact of resonance crossing in the orbit of the satellite, including the capture probabilities, as a function of several parameters, such as the eccentricity and the inclination of the satellite, and the obliquity of the planet. Finally, we use the method of the frequency map analysis to study the resonant dynamics based on stability maps, and we show that some of the secular resonances may overlap, which leads to chaotic motion for the inclination of the satellite.
Phytotherapie – schützenswertes immaterielles Kulturerbe?
Authors: Melzig Matthias F.
Published: October 2021

Trotz aller Tendenzen zur immer schnelleren Globalisierung auf allen Gebieten des täglichen Lebens gibt es erstaunlicherweise eine starke Rückbesinnung auf nationale kulturelle Traditionen in vielen Ländern. Ausdruck dessen sind u. a. die internationale Anerkennung und der Schutz des immateriellen Kulturerbes durch die UNESCO.
Eine Trendanalyse zur zeitlichen Entwicklung von
Qualitätsunterschieden zweier Versorgungsformen auf Basis von
Sekundärdaten
Authors: Karimova Kateryna , Klaaßen-Mielke Renate , Sawicki Olga A. , Glushan Anastasiya , Müller Angelina , Beyer Martin
Published: October 2021

Ziel der Studie Die Evaluation komplexer Interventionen wie
Versorgungsformen ist methodisch herausfordernd. Ziel dieser Analyse ist anhand
generalisierter Schätzungsgleichungen (GEE) zu prüfen, wie sich
die Qualitätsunterschiede zwischen der Hausarztzentrierten Versorgung
(HZV) und der Regelversorgung über die Zeit entwickeln.

Methoden Auf der Basis von Routinedaten der AOK Baden-Württemberg
wurde eine längsschnittliche Sekundärdatenanalyse der Jahre 2011
bis 2018 durchgeführt. Versicherte mit passenden Einschlusskriterien
wurden im Sinne einer dynamischen Kohorte zu Beginn des jeweiligen
Beobachtungsjahres in die Analyse eingeschlossen, sodass der Umfang und die
Zusammensetzung der Kohorte von Jahr zu Jahr variierten. Mithilfe von GEE wurden
Qualitätsunterschiede in dichotomen Indikatoren zwischen der HZV und der
Regelversorgung untersucht, wobei für Mehrfachmessungen eine
autoregressive Kovarianzstruktur (AR1) zugrunde gelegt wurde. An Variablen
wurden berücksichtigt: Eine Gruppenvariable für die
Versorgungsformen, eine Variable für das betrachtete Jahr sowie eine
Wechselwirkung zwischen den beiden Variablen. Die aus der Modellierung
resultierenden Schätzer lieferten Auskunft darüber, wie das
Verhältnis der beiden Gruppen zu Beginn der Beobachtungsstudie war und
wie sich die Gruppentrends sowohl individuell als auch im Verhältnis
zueinander über die Zeit entwickelten.

Ergebnisse GEE wird beispielhaft auf den Qualitätsindikator
Verordnung von potenziell inadäquater Medikation (PIM) bei
älteren Versicherten angewandt. Die Chance einer PIM-Verordnung bei
über 65-jährigen (Jahr 2018; N=628 523) war zu
Beginn der Beobachtungszeit innerhalb der HZV signifikant niedriger als in der
Regelversorgungsgruppe (Odds Ratio 0,978; 95%-Konfidenzintervall:
0,968–0,987). In beiden Gruppen nahm die Chance einer PIM-Verordnung in
den betrachteten 7 Beobachtungsjahren ab, in der HZV-Gruppe stärker als
in der Regelversorgungsgruppe.

Schlussfolgerung Eine Trendanalyse mit GEE basierend auf
Sekundärdaten, die die Qualitätsunterschiede zwischen
Vergleichsgruppen abbildet, bietet großes Potenzial zur Evaluation neuer
und bestehender Versorgungsformen über die Zeit.
Nutzung von Sekundärdaten für die
pharmakoepidemiologische Forschung – machen wir das Beste
draus!
Authors: Pigeot Iris , Kollhorst Bianca , Didelez Vanessa
Published: October 2021

In Studien mit Sekundärdaten wie Abrechnungsdaten von Krankenkassen wird
man häufig vor methodische Herausforderungen gestellt, die v. a.
durch die Zeitabhängigkeit, aber auch durch ungemessenes Confounding
entstehen. In diesem Paper stellen wir Strategien vor, um verschiedene
Biasquellen zu vermeiden und um den durch ungemessenes Confounding entstehenden
Bias abzuschätzen. Wir illustrieren das Prinzip der Targets Trials,
marginale Strukturmodelle und instrumentelle Variablen anhand von Studien mit
der GePaRD Datenbank. Abschließend werden die Chancen und Limitationen
von Record Linkage diskutiert, um fehlende Information in den Daten zu
ergänzen.
Important Regulatory Roles of Erythrocytes in Platelet Adhesion to the von Willebrand Factor on the Wall under Blood Flow Conditions
Authors: Tamura Noriko , Shimizu Kazuya , Shiozaki Seiji , Sugiyama Kazuyasu , Nakayama Masamitsu , Goto Shinichi , Takagi Shu , Goto Shinya
Published: October 2021

The role of erythrocytes in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor (VWF) on the vessel wall through their membrane glycoprotein (GP)Ibα under blood flow conditions has not yet been elucidated. Blood specimens containing fluorescent-labeled platelets and native, biochemically fixed, or artificial erythrocytes at various hematocrits were perfused on the surface of VWF immobilized on the wall at a shear rate of 1,500 s−1. The rates of platelet adhesion were measured under each condition. The computer simulation of platelet adhesion to the VWF on the wall at the same shear rate was conducted by solving the governing equations with a finite-difference method on a K computer. The rates of platelet adhesion were calculated at various hematocrit conditions in the computational domain of 100 µm (x-axis) × 400 µm (y-axis) × 100 µm (z-axis). Biological experiments demonstrated a positive correlation between the rates of platelet adhesion and hematocrit values in native, fixed, and artificial erythrocytes. (r = 0.992, 0.934, and 0.825 respectively, p < 0.05 for all). The computer simulation results supported the hematocrit-dependent increase in platelet adhesion rates on VWF (94.3/second at 10%, 185.2/second at 20%, and 327.9/second at 30%). These results suggest that erythrocytes play an important role in platelet adhesion to VWF. The augmented z-axis fluctuation of flowing platelets caused by the physical presence of erythrocytes is speculated to be the cause of the hematocrit-dependent increase in platelet adhesion.
Influence of Audibility and Distortion on Recognition of Reverberant Speech for Children and Adults with Hearing Aid Amplification
Authors: Brennan Marc A. , McCreery Ryan W. , Massey John
Published: October 2021

Abstract Background Adults and children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) have trouble understanding speech in rooms with reverberation when using hearing aid amplification. While the use of amplitude compression signal processing in hearing aids may contribute
to this difficulty, there is conflicting evidence on the effects of amplitude compression settings on speech recognition. Less clear is the effect of a fast release time for adults and children with SNHL when using compression ratios derived from a prescriptive procedure. Purpose The
aim of the study is to determine whether release time impacts speech recognition in reverberation for children and adults with SNHL and to determine if these effects of release time and reverberation can be predicted using indices of audibility or temporal and spectral distortion. Research
Design This is a quasi-experimental cohort study. Participants used a hearing aid simulator set to the Desired Sensation Level algorithm m[i/o] for three different amplitude compression release times. Reverberation was simulated using three different reverberation times. Participants Participants
were 20 children and 16 adults with SNHL. Data Collection and Analyses Participants were seated in a sound-attenuating booth and then nonsense syllable recognition was measured. Predictions of speech recognition were made using indices of audibility, temporal distortion, and
spectral distortion and the effects of release time and reverberation were analyzed using linear mixed models. Results While nonsense syllable recognition decreased in reverberation release time did not significantly affect nonsense syllable recognition. Participants with lower
audibility were more susceptible to the negative effect of reverberation on nonsense syllable recognition. Conclusion We have extended previous work on the effects of reverberation on aided speech recognition to children with SNHL. Variations in release time did not impact
the understanding of speech. An index of audibility best predicted nonsense syllable recognition in reverberation and, clinically, these results suggest that patients with less audibility are more susceptible to nonsense syllable recognition in reverberation.
O papel do ácido tranexâmico na prevenção e gerenciamento da perda de sangue na artroplastia total de articulação
Authors: Thammaiah Adarsh , Gajapurada Siddalingamurthy , Nandakumar Sanjana , Sastry Purushotham , Mruthyunjaya Mruthyunjaya
Published: October 2021

Objetivo Coletar dados sobre o papel desempenhado pelo ácido tranexâmico na prevenção e gerenciamento da perda de sangue em pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ) e à artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ).

Métodos Neste estudo prospectivo e comparativo, 30 pacientes submetidos à ATQ ou à ATJ foram alocados aleatoriamente em 1 de 2 grupos com 15 pacientes. O ácido tranexâmico foi administrado por rotas intravenosas e tópicas no grupo de intervenção, mas não foi administrado no grupo controle. Foram observados parâmetros sanguíneos pré-operatórios, perda de sangue intra- e pós-operatória e necessidade de transfusão de sangue. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando-se teste do qui-quadrado e o teste-t independente.

Resultados O grupo de intervenção apresentou hemoglobina mais elevada no pós-operatório de forma estatisticamente significante (p = 0,03), menor diferença entre concentração de hemoglobina pré- e pós-operatória (p = 0,046), menor diferença entre volume de células embaladas pré- e pós-operatório (p = 0,06), menor perda de sangue intraoperatória medida (p = 0,015) e menor volume de sangue coletado na drenagem (p = 0,0291) em comparação com o grupo controle. Também houve redução da frequência de transfusões de sangue no grupo de intervenção (p = 0,0008).

Conclusão O ácido tranexâmico está associado à redução da perda sanguínea intraoperatória e pós-operatória e à redução da frequência de transfusões de sangue em pacientes submetidos à ATQ/ATJ.
Evaluating Effectiveness of the Use of an Extremity Stabilization Device for Vascular Access Procedures in Pediatrics
Authors: Templet Tricia , Rholdon Roger , Bienvenu Ansley
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of SafeBoard, a Food and Drug Administration–approved extremity stabilization device, as an assistive method in performing peripherally inserted central catheter procedures on children 0 to 3 years of age. This is a retrospective chart review (n = 59) of vascular access procedures where SafeBoard was utilized (n = 32) in comparison to those procedures which utilized a traditional approach to placement (n = 27). Statistical analysis demonstrated significant effect on length of procedure time, number of personnel needed for procedure, and success of placement when SafeBoard was utilized. Obtaining vascular access in pediatrics can be a challenging endeavor. Most young pediatric patients require procedural sedation and/or assistive personnel as a “holder” for successful vascular access placement to occur. An alternative option for extremity stabilization may provide improved workflow and improved placement success, which in turn may positively affect workflow.
A Pediatric Case of Benign Episodic Unilateral Mydriasis with Clinical Characteristics Resembling Tadpole Pupil
Authors: Henneberg Rebecca Lise Gammelgaard , Vandborg Pernille Kure , Hansen Jonas Kjeldbjerg
Published: October 2021

Benign episodic unilateral mydriasis is an episodic disturbance with dilatation of the entire pupil, often lasting for hours. It occurs most frequently in women aged between 20 and 50 years and is closely associated with migraines. Only a few pediatric cases have been reported. The demographics of benign unilateral mydriasis correspond to another episodic disturbance of the pupil, the tadpole pupil. Also, the clinical similarities between the two conditions are numerous. However, tadpole pupil is an irregular distortion of the pupil lasting from seconds to minutes and occurring in clusters. We present a 16-year-old girl with benign unilateral mydriasis and migraine. Her episodes of mydriasis lasted from seconds to minutes, occurred in clusters, and were thus like episodes of tadpole pupil. Benign unilateral mydriasis presenting this way has not been reported previously. This observation links the phenotypes of benign unilateral mydriasis and tadpole pupil closer together. The given case provides new knowledge as it (i) expands the clinical spectrum of benign episodic unilateral mydriasis, (ii) links the phenotypes of benign unilateral mydriasis and tadpole pupil together, and (iii) in comparison with knowledge about autonomic failure in migraine patients may add to hypotheses on pathophysiology in both pupillary disorders.
Corrigendum to: Biology and conservation of the unique and diverse halophilic macroinvertebrates of Australian salt lakes
Authors: Lawrie Angus D'Arcy , Chaplin Jennifer , Pinder Adrian
Published: October 2021

This study synthesises information on the biology of the unique and diverse halophilic macroinvertebrates of Australian salt lakes, focusing on gastropods and crustaceans. This information is needed to evaluate and manage the threats posed to these invertebrates by increased periods of drought and secondary salinisation. Most of these species are endemic to Australian salt lakes, and some have adapted to extreme conditions (e.g. salinities >100gL–1 and pH <5). This study identifies key general findings regarding the taxonomy, ecology and life histories of these invertebrates, such as that many ‘new’ species have been uncovered in the past 20 years, with more likely to come. The study also identifies critical knowledge gaps, such as the need to elucidate the abiotic and biological drivers of the field distributions of species, including why some species are widespread and common whereas other congeneric species are rare or have narrow distributions. Those species that are either restricted to low salinity environments or survive dry periods as aestivating adults (as opposed to desiccation-resistant eggs) are probably the most vulnerable to increasing salinisation and drought. Future work should prioritise the development of a sound taxonomy for all groups, because this is needed to underpin all other biological research.
Recent advances and applications of digital holography in multiphase reactive/nonreactive flows: a review
Authors: Huang Jianqing , Cai Weiwei , Wu Yingchun , Wu Xuecheng
Published: October 2021

In various multiphase flows, the characterization of particle dynamics is important in the understanding of the interaction between particles and the surrounding flows. Digital holography (DH) is a versatile 3D imaging technique, which has shown great advantages in quantitative analysis and nonintrusive diagnosis of various particle fields. This review focuses on the advances and applications of DH in multiphase reactive/nonreactive flows in the last two decades. First, the basic principles of DH are introduced, including its mathematical background and representative experimental configurations. Then, the image processing algorithms for hologram reconstruction and automatic focusing are summarized, along with the methods for separating overlapping particles and tracking moving particles. As a prevailing and powerful tool, the recent applications of deep learning in processing holographic images is also included in this review. Furthermore, the applications of DH in the characterization of particle dynamics in multiphase reactive/nonreactive flows are surveyed in detail. Lastly, the review concludes with a discussion on the technical limits of DH and provides insights into its promising future research directions.