bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Sustainable Closed-Loop Supply Chains Inventory Model Considering Optimal Number of Remanufacturing Times
Authors: Alamri Adel A.
Published: June 2023

The mathematical modeling of reverse logistics inventory systems ignores the fact that returned items may arrive out of sequence, i.e., with different number of remanufacturing times. Moreover, such modeling assumes that the retuned items may retain the same quality upon recovery regardless of how many times they have been previously remanufactured. This paper develops a new mathematical expression of the percentage of retuned items that can be remanufactured a finite number of times. The proposed expression is modeled as a function of the expected number of times an item can be remanufactured in its lifecycle and the number of times an item can be technologically (or optimally) remanufactured based on its quality upon recovery. The model developed in this paper considers joint production and remanufacturing options. The return rate is a varying demand-dependent rate, which is a decision variable with demand, product deterioration, manufacturing, and remanufacturing rates being arbitrary functions of time. The model considers the initial inventory of returned items in the mathematical formulation, which enables decision-makers to adjust all functions and input parameters for subsequent cycles. Illustrative examples indicate that dependent purchasing price of recovery items and the incorporation of remanufacturing investment cost significantly impact the optimal remanufacturing policy.
Advanced Treatment of the Municipal Wastewater by Lab-Scale Hybrid Ultrafiltration
Authors: Marjanović Tijana , Bogunović Minja , Tenodi Slaven , Vasić Vesna , Kerkez Djurdja , Prodanović Jelena , Ivančev-Tumbas Ivana
Published: June 2023

In this study, hybrid ultrafiltration which involves adsorption onto activated carbon and/or coagulation was tested for the removal of ibuprofen, caffeine and diclofenac from the municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent (c0 = 2–3 µg/L). Ultrafiltration was tested in combination with powdered activated carbon dose of 5 mg/L separately or with coagulants (FeCl3, dose 4 mg Fe (III)/L and, natural coagulant isolated from bean seeds, dose 33 µL/L). In addition to the removal of organic micropollutants, the removal of As, Cr, Cu and Zn was also tested (c0~100 µg/L). The research was conducted on a laboratory pilot plant (capacity 30 L/h, in-out dead-end filtration, flux of 80 L/m2h). The best results were obtained for caffeine when adsorption on PAC is combined with a FeCl3 (removal efficiency 42–87%). The addition of a natural coagulant did not show benefits for the removal of organic micropollutants compared to the other tested processes, but both coagulants had similar effects on the content of metals and As Hybrid membrane processes proved to be the most efficient for Zn (44–87%) and Cr (33–87%) removal. The lowest efficiency was determined for As (˂19%). Ultrafiltration with PAC and coagulants removed 5–33% of effluent organic matter, depending on the type of coagulant; 57–87% of total nitrogen and PAC/FeCl3/UF was also partially effective for removing total phosphorus (11–39%).
Towards Efficient Mapping of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Case Study of the Port of Tallinn
Authors: Kotta Jonne , Fetissov Mihhail , Kaasik Ellen , Väät Janis , Štõkov Stanislav , Tapaninen Ulla Pirita
Published: June 2023

Global, regional and national policies and regulations are providing incentives to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in ports, and the first step in this effort is to obtain a detailed overview of the main sources of emissions. The rapid developments in port GHG mapping have led to the need for a case study to assess the effectiveness and practical use of these methodologies and to suggest best practices for ports just starting this mapping process. Here, we present the current state of the art in the assessment of GHG emissions in ports. This analysis enabled us to identify the most promising methodologies to assess GHG emissions in ports in an efficient, reliable and near real-time manner. We then tested the best methodologies and practices that emerged from the review articles to build a GHG assessment system in the Port of Tallinn. Finally, we assess the advantages and disadvantages of current approaches and suggest promising ways forward.
VLAS: Vacant Land Assessment System for Urban Renewal and Greenspace Planning in Legacy Cities
Authors: Zhang Pan , Park Sohyun
Published: June 2023

Vacant land in shrinking cities has long been associated with high crime rates and economic decline. While some efforts have been made to repurpose vacant land for tax revenue generation and temporary environmental restoration, a comprehensive framework for city-scale assessment and reprogramming remains lacking. To address this gap, our study introduced the Vacant Land Assessment System (VLAS), a multi-scale spatial analysis and planning tool that assesses the distribution and characteristics of vacant lots using publicly available spatial data. Taking Hartford, Connecticut as a case study, we assessed and categorized the characteristics of vacant lots into four typologies: Row House, Street Corner, Commercial/Industrial, and Main Street. Responding reuse programs for those typologies were generated and one design example of vacant lot greening was also provided based on identified sustainable goals and techniques. The VLAS serves as an effective planning support tool, enabling efficient assessment, classification, and planning for urban vacancy management across city, district, neighborhood, and site scales. This multi-scale planning and design approach to repurpose vacant lots with diverse physical characteristics offers valuable insights for transforming vacant land in other shrinking legacy cities for sustainability and neighborhood revitalization.
Study on the Fracture Evolution Characteristics of Existing Defect Lining under Unsymmetrical Load
Authors: Li Junwei , Xu Fei , Zheng Xinyu , Liu Bo , Bai Tao , Tang Qingjingyi
Published: June 2023

In order to explore the fracture evolution characteristics of existing defect lining structures under unsymmetrical loads, unsymmetrical failure model tests of three working conditions, namely, intact lining, vault defect, and arch waist defect, were carried out. Acoustic emission (AE) technology was used to detect the lining cracks from microscopic to macroscopic. The relationship between the accumulated energy of AE and the relative load was established, and a fracture evolution model of lining based on the cumulative energy of AE was proposed. The results show that the failure process of the intact lining under unsymmetrical load has three stages: “initial crack cracking at the unsymmetrical position → development and formation of main crack → specimen cracking failure”. The load ratio of initial crack cracking is 16.5%, and the load ratio of main crack development and formation is 52.2%. The initial cracking position of the lining under unsymmetrical loads has nothing to do with the existing defect position, with defects occurring at the unsymmetrical position, and the remaining cracks are mainly distributed in the vault, inverted arch and arch foot position. Compared with the intact lining, the ultimate bearing capacity of the vault defect and arch waist defect decreased by 14.2% and 21.3%, and the maximum deformation decreased by 44.6% and 50.6%, respectively. The radial deformation degree in the unsymmetrical position at each stage is basically the same under unsymmetrical load conditions, and it is not affected by the position of the existing defects. The deformation proportion of each stage is concentrated in 5%, 40%, 53%, respectively. We derived the facture evolution of lining based on the accumulated energy of AE, and the quantitative relationship between the damage variable and deformation of the lining under unsymmetrical load was established. When the fracture degree reaches 0.04 and 0.35, the deformation of vault defect lining and the arch waist defect lining is 58.3%, 75.0%, 40.2% and 50.6% earlier than those of the complete lining, respectively. When the fracture degree exceeds 0.6, the growth rate of damage degree is no longer affected by the location of the existing defect.
Analysis of Electromagnetic Radiation of Mobile Base Stations Co-located with High-Voltage Transmission Towers
Authors: Yang Zhichao , Dang Dong , Cheng Xu , Mo Juan , Zhou Xiaoyu , Fang Yuqun , Peng Yong
Published: June 2023

This paper presents the analysis of electromagnetic radiation of mobile base stations co-located with high-voltage transmission towers. Although the layout of power poles and towers is uniform and symmetrical, the electromagnetic field radiated to the outside world is asymmetric. Field measurements were conducted in different co-located base station scenarios, and the field strength results in both the vertical and horizontal directions were analyzed in depth. Then, the ray tracing simulation method was used to obtain the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics for the 5G base station co-located high-voltage tower. Finally, the specific absorption rate (SAR) was adopted to evaluate human exposure in co-located base station scenarios, and a physical area-based human exposure assessment method proposed. The obtained results can be useful for inspectors of mobile base stations co-located with high-voltage transmission towers to avoid or reduce the impact of electromagnetic radiation.
Advancements in Hybrid Fixed Point Results and F-Contractive Operators
Authors: Ogbumba Rosemary O. , Shagari Mohammed Shehu , Alansari Monairah , Khalid Thwiba A. , Mohamed Elsayed A. E. , Bakery Awad A.
Published: June 2023

The aim of this manuscript is to introduce a novel concept called Jaggi-type hybrid (ϕ -F)-contraction and establish some fixed point results for this class of contractions in the framework of G-metric space. The validity of the main result is shown by a suitable example and the realized improvements with respect to the corresponding literature are highlighted. By using the constructed example, it is observed that the results established herein cannot be deduced from their analogs in previously announced results in the literature. As an application, the existence and uniqueness of solutions to certain nonlinear Volterra integral equations are investigated to illustrate the utility of our obtained results.
Monomiality and a New Family of Hermite Polynomials
Authors: Dattoli Giuseppe , Licciardi Silvia
Published: June 2023

The monomiality principle is based on an abstract definition of the concept of derivative and multiplicative operators. This allows to treat different families of special polynomials as ordinary monomials. The procedure underlines a generalization of the Heisenberg–Weyl group, along with the relevant technicalities and symmetry properties. In this article, we go deeply into the formulation and meaning of the monomiality principle and employ it to study the properties of a set of polynomials, which, asymptotically, reduce to the ordinary two-variable Kampè dè Fèrièt family. We derive the relevant differential equations and discuss the associated orthogonality properties, along with the relevant generalized forms.
Scrutiny of a More Flexible Counterpart of Huang–Kotz FGM’s Distributions in the Perspective of Some Information Measures
Authors: Abd Elgawad Mohamed A. , Barakat Haroon M. , Abd El-Rahman Doaa A. , Alyami Salem A.
Published: June 2023

In this work, we reveal some distributional traits of concomitants of order statistics (COSs) arising from the extended Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern (FGM) bivariate distribution, which was developed and studied in recent work. The joint distribution and product moments of COSs for this family are discussed. Moreover, some useful recurrence relations between single and product moments of concomitants are obtained. In addition, the asymptotic behavior of the concomitant’s rank for order statistics (OSs) is studied. The information measures, differential entropy, Kullback–Leibler (KL) distance, Fisher information number (FIN), and cumulative past inaccuracy (CPI) are theoretically and numerically studied.
Laboratory Evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP Test
Authors: Menting Sandra , Erhart Annette , Schallig Henk D. F. H.
Published: June 2023

There is a need to have more accessible molecular diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease in low- and middle-income countries. Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) may provide an attractive option as this technology does not require a complex infrastructure. In this study, the diagnostic performance of a SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP was evaluated using RT-PCR-confirmed clinical specimens of COVID-19-positive (n = 55) and -negative patients (n = 55) from the Netherlands. The observed sensitivity of the RT-LAMP test was 97.2% (95% CI: 82.4–98.0%) and the specificity was 100% (95% CI: 93.5–100%). The positive predictive value of the RT-LAMP was 100%, the negative predictive value 93.2% (95% CI: 84.3–97.3%), and the diagnostic accuracy was 96.4% (95% CI: 91.0–99.0%). The agreement between the RT-LAMP and the RT-PCR was “almost perfect” (κ-value: 0.92). The evaluated RT-LAMP might provide an attractive alternative molecular diagnostic tool for SARS-CoV-2 in resource limited settings.
Pedestrian Flows Characterization and Estimation with Computer Vision Techniques
Authors: Karagulian Federico , Liberto Carlo , Corazza Matteo , Valenti Gaetano , Dumitru Andreea , Nigro Marialisa
Published: June 2023

This work describes a straightforward implementation of detecting and tracking pedestrian walking across a public square using computer vision. The methodology consists of the use of the well-known YOLOv3 algorithm over videos recorded during different days of the week. The chosen location was the Piazza Duca d’Aosta in the city of Milan, Italy, in front of the main Centrale railway station, an access point for the subway. Several analyses have been carried out to investigate macroscopic parameters of pedestrian dynamics such as densities, speeds, and main directions followed by pedestrians, as well as testing strengths and weaknesses of computer-vision algorithms for pedestrian detection. The developed system was able to represent spatial densities and speeds of pedestrians along temporal profiles. Considering the whole observation period, the mean value of the Voronoi density was about 0.035 person/m2 with a standard deviation of about 0.014 person/m2. On the other hand, two main speed clusters were identified during morning/evening hours. The largest number of pedestrians with an average speed of about 0.77 m/s was observed along the exit direction of the subway entrances during both morning and evening hours. The second relevant group of pedestrians was observed walking in the opposite direction with an average speed of about 0.65 m/s. The analyses generated initial insights into the future development of a decision-support system to help with the management and control of pedestrian dynamics.
Do COVID-19 Vaccinations Affect the Most Common Post-COVID Symptoms? Initial Data from the STOP-COVID Register–12-Month Follow-Up
Authors: Babicki Mateusz , Kapusta Joanna , Pieniawska-Śmiech Karolina , Kałuzińska-Kołat Żaneta , Kołat Damian , Mastalerz-Migas Agnieszka , Jankowski Piotr , Chudzik Michał
Published: June 2023

Around the world, various vaccines have been developed to prevent the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and consequently the COVID-19 disease. However, many patients continue to report persistent symptoms after the acute phase. Since gathering scientific information on long COVID and post-COVID syndrome has become an urgent issue, we decided to investigate them in relation to the vaccination status of patients from the STOP-COVID registry. In this retrospective study, we analyzed data from the medical visit after contraction of COVID-19 and follow-up visits in the 3rd and 12th month after the disease. In total, 801 patients were included in the analysis. The most frequent complaints after 12 months included deterioration of exercise tolerance (37.5%), fatigue (36.3%), and memory/concentration difficulties (36.3%). In total, 119 patients declared that they had been diagnosed with at least one new chronic disease since the end of isolation, and 10.6% required hospitalization. The analysis of individual symptoms revealed that headache (p = 0.001), arthralgia (p = 0.032), and dysregulation of hypertension (p = 0.030) were more common in unvaccinated patients. Considering headache and muscle pain, people vaccinated after the disease manifested these symptoms less frequently. Subsequent research is needed to consider vaccines as a preventive factor for post-COVID syndrome.
Metal Transport in the Mixing Zone of an Estuarine River to the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Wu Zhenwei , He Songjie , Xu Yi-Jun
Published: June 2023

To better understand the pollution potential of metals in estuaries heavily concentrated with petrochemical industries, we measured concentrations of total recoverable metals in the lower Calcasieu River in southwestern Louisiana that flows into the northern Gulf of Mexico. Water samples were collected at six sites along the last 88 km reach of the river monthly between May 2013 and November 2015, during which salinity ranged from 0.02 to 29.5 ppt from upstream to downstream. The samples were analyzed for a series of total recoverable metals, including aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn), of which only Al, As, B, Ca, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Si, Ti, and Zn had a detection rate higher than 30% over the 31-month study period. In the freshwater portion of the river, Si, Ca, Al, Fe, and Mg showed the highest concentration (8, 5, 4, 2, and 2 mg/L, respectively), while Li, As, Zn, Ti, and B had the lowest concentration (6, 16, 27, 34 and 50 µg/L, respectively). The concentrations of Al and Si declined by more than 30% from the freshwater to the river mouth, but the concentrations of Li and B increased by 61 and 66 times, respectively. None of these metals’ concentrations were found to exceed US EPA standards, but the rapid increase in Li and B concentrations may indicate a potential anthropogenic influence. On average, the Calcasieu River discharged a total of 35,484 tons of the elements each year (or 8059 kg/km2/yr), of which Si, Al, Ca, Fe, and Mg contributed 98%. Three major components of factors were extracted explaining 34, 20, and 13% (cumulative 67%) of the total variation in the metal concentrations. Salinity and pH were the major (>0.3) parameters in component 1 explaining the variability of B and Li; TSS was the major (>0.3) parameter in component 2 explaining the variation of Al, Fe, and Ti concentration; and temperature and DO% were the major (>0.3) parameters in component 3 explaining the variation of Mn concentration. Further studies on riverbed sediment metals and their effect on metal concentrations in surface water can help understand the metal sources and their potential effects on coastal aquatic ecosystems.
Adherence to 5-aminosalicylic acid maintenance treatment in young people with ulcerative colitis: a retrospective cohort study in primary care
Authors: Jayasooriya Nishani , Pollok Richard C , Blackwell Jonathan , Bottle Alex , Petersen Irene , Creese Hanna , Saxena Sonia
Published: June 2023

Background

Maintenance treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is recommended in ulcerative colitis (UC), but accurate estimates of discontinuation and adherence in adolescents transitioning to young adulthood are lacking.

Aim

To determine rates and risk factors for discontinuation and adherence to oral 5-ASA in adolescents and young adults 1 year following diagnosis of UC.

Design and setting

Observational cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink among adolescents and young adults (aged 10–24 years) diagnosed with UC between 1 January 1998 and 1 May 2016.

Method

Time to oral 5-ASA discontinuation (days) and adherence rates (proportion of days covered) were calculated during the first year of treatment using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Cox regression models were built to estimate the impact of sociodemographic and health-related risk factors.

Results

Among 607 adolescents and young adults starting oral 5-ASA maintenance treatment, one-quarter (n= 152) discontinued within 1 month and two- thirds (n= 419) within 1 year. Discontinuation was higher among those aged 18–24 years (74%) than younger age groups (61% and 56% in those aged 10–14 and 15–17 years, respectively). Adherence was lower among young adults than adolescents (69% in those aged 18–24 years versus 80% in those aged 10–14 years). Residents in deprived versus affluent postcodes were more likely to discontinue treatment (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10 to 1.92). Early corticosteroid use for an acute flare lowered the likelihood of oral 5-ASA discontinuation (aHR 0.68, 95% CI = 0.51 to 0.90).

Conclusion

The first year of starting long-term therapies in adolescents and young adults diagnosed with UC is a critical window for active follow-up of maintenance treatment, particularly in those aged 18–24 years and those living in deprived postcodes.
Estrategias metacognitivas y aprendizaje autónomo en estudiantes de educación de la Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal
Authors: Bernardo Zárate Carlos Enrique , Rivera Rojas Claudia Noemi , Eche Querevalú Pedro , Lizama Mendoza Víctor Enrique
Published: June 2023

En la actualidad los enfoques pedagógicos exigen la urgente necesidad de empoderar con autonomía al estudiante, en la construcción de su aprendizaje, haciendo uso de estrategias metacognitivas. Por ello el objetivo fue determinar la relación entre estrategias metacognitivas y desarrollo del aprendizaje autónomo en estudiantes del segundo año de la Facultad de Educación. Metodología, la investigación es descriptiva correlacional, de diseño no experimental, corte transversal, universo 122 estudiantes. La muestra está conformada por 93 estudiantes. La técnica de recolección de datos usada es la encuesta e instrumento es el cuestionario. Resultados, Si P = 0.000 < 0.05, no se acepta la hipótesis nula, por lo tanto, se acepta la hipótesis alterna. Por lo que existe una relación entre las estrategias metacognitivas y aprendizaje autónomo estadísticamente significativa. La correlación es igual (Rho=,787), correspondiéndole una correlación positiva fuerte. Conclusión, existe una correlación significativa entre la conciencia de las estrategias metacognitivas y el desarrollo del aprendizaje autónomo en los estudiantes del segundo año de la Facultad de Educación.
Aula invertida en el aprendizaje remoto de los estudiantes de una Universidad pública en el contexto del COVID-19
Authors: Huerta Camones Rafaela Teodosia , Gutiérrez Deza Ligia Isaida Rosaura , Salas Andía María Fátima , Giles Nonalaya Modesto Isidoro , Huerta Camones Cresencio Víctor
Published: June 2023

El impacto del COVID-19 afectó los esquemas socioeconómicos a nivel mundial y los centros de educación superior no fueron ajenos a esta situación. El objetivo de este estudio es establecer los beneficios del Aula invertida para el mejoramiento del aprendizaje remoto de los estudiantes de la UNE. Se realizó una investigación de tipo aplicada, de enfoque cuantitativo, con diseño experimental de clase pre experimental. La muestra quedó con 70 estudiantes del VII ciclo de la asignatura Constitución y Legislación Educacional, como técnica se empleó la encuesta, se aplicaron dos pruebas midieron la variable aprendizaje remoto antes y después de realizar el tratamiento experimental. La prueba de confiabilidad se realizó a través del Alfa de Cronbach y la prueba T de Wilcoxon. Como resultado se obtuvo que el Aula Invertida mejora el Aprendizaje Remoto de los estudiantes de la UNE, encontrándose que existen diferencias significativas (p = +0,000) entre el pre test y el post test del Aprendizaje Remoto después de culminar el experimento. Se concluye que este método de aprendizaje servirá para cambiar el modelo tradicional de aprendizaje que aún se ha venido realizando, aportando mayor énfasis a las actitudes.
A Multiyear Evaluation of the NaturePalooza Science Festival
Authors: Pennisi Lisa , Lackey Qwynne
Published: June 2023

We undertook a multiyear evaluation of the NaturePalooza Science Festival, an annual public event designed to increase science literacy and sustainability behavior, to measure impacts. Surveys conducted at the 2014 and 2015 events and 6 months after the 2015 event showed that 77%, 92%, and 100% of respondents, respectively, learned new information. In 2014 and 2015, 85% and 68% of respondents, respectively, intended to change at least one behavior. Additionally, in the 2015 on-site and follow-up surveys, 66% and 62% of respondents, respectively, reported implementing sustainability behaviors. These findings demonstrate that such events can have a positive, measurable impact on visitors' science literacy and sustainability behaviors.
Resident Perceptions of a Proposed Environmental Education Center and Demonstration Farm
Authors: Pennisi Lisa , Lackey Qwynne , Meendering Kim , Brandle James
Published: June 2023

To gauge community support for a proposed environmental education center and demonstration farm, we surveyed 514 local residents. Our intent was to assess community members' support for the project and relevant programming interests and to determine the roles that level of community satisfaction, perceived economic impact, and demographics played with regard to project support. We found that most community members supported the development and that levels of community satisfaction, perceptions of economic impact, background, gender, and age were significantly associated with level of support. Our research also revealed that community members were most interested in programs about nature and growing and preserving food and were not interested in technology-based programming.
FOOD: A Multicomponent Local Food System Assessment Tool
Authors: Uchanski Mark , Garlisch John , Patrick Michael , Walker Stephanie
Published: June 2023

Our goal with this article is to present a visual aid and tool for assessing local food systems. We propose that local food systems comprise four essential components represented by the acronym FOOD: in(F)rastructure, pr(O1)duction, (O2)rganizations, and (D)emand. The FOOD assessment tool provides a visual overview of the statuses of these four essential components relative to a particular food system. It is also useful for comparing one food system to another or for tracking changes over time. Availability of the tool has important implications for U.S. Extension professionals across a variety of disciplines with regard to connecting individual components within local food systems.
The National Extension Oil and Gas Initiative
Authors: Lachapelle Paul , Smith Kristin , Haggerty Julia , Kelsey Timothy
Published: June 2023

The national Extension oil and gas initiative centers on a network of Extension educators working on or interested in oil and gas development, a communications strategy that allows network members to exchange Extension information, a comprehensive inventory of Extension activities and resources, and national meetings at which network members can identify and share resources and optimal ways to engage constituents. Our work suggests that the need for relevant training and programming will continue as Extension faculty anticipate increased community demands surrounding oil and gas development. The network is open to all Extension faculty interested in the topic of oil and gas programming in communities.
Financial Impact of Penn State Extension's Know Your Numbers Dairy Program
Authors: Berger Aaron , Kelsey Timothy , Goetz Stephan , Goodling Robert , Ishler Virginia
Published: June 2023

Dairy-related Extension programming is important in many states, but the economic impact of such programming has received little attention. We examined the impact of Know Your Numbers, an educational program offered by the Penn State Extension Dairy Team. Using follow-up evaluation data and the economic impact tool IMPLAN, we estimated that the program had a total financial impact of $9.5 million and an employment impact of 69 jobs in 2014. The overall financial impacts of the Dairy Team, given its abundance of other programming, likely are significantly higher. Our approach for estimating the economic impact of an Extension program can be used by others to understand and demonstrate the value of their work.
Building Success of Food Hubs Through Understanding of the Cooperative Experience
Authors: Schmit Todd , Severson Roberta
Published: June 2023

Food hubs represent a business model through which farmers can collectively market product to access new supply chains and buyers can efficiently access locally sourced foods. Many farmer marketing cooperatives fit within the food hub definition and have existed for decades. Accordingly, much can be learned from them to support food hub business planning efforts. We developed and synthesized case studies of three successful cooperatives in order to match key food hub operational challenges with recommended best management practices. Such information is useful for Extension education efforts supporting the development of economically viable food hub businesses.
Novel Use of Conceptual Change Framework Improves Video on Challenging Science Topic
Authors: Helmers Matthew , Youngquist Timothy , Schuck Nancy
Published: June 2023

Educational campaigns are more complicated when members of our audiences hold scientific misconceptions related to new technologies. Our prairie strips research and education team produced a brief, focused video aimed to dispel a misconception related to the effect of prairie strip plants' roots on agricultural drain tiles in the Midwest. Our "Field Tile Investigation" video was based on the conceptual change framework from science education and featured a discrepant event. The goal was to move farmers, landowners, and their advisors to an understanding of prairie strips that was more compatible with the scientific standard.
Systematic Approach to Meeting the Needs of School Garden Clients
Authors: Griffin Becky
Published: June 2023

Educators use school gardens to incorporate science, technology, engineering, and math programming into their curricula. Extension agents are called on to assist with planning and long-term support of these gardens, often working with educators who have no horticultural experience. University of Georgia Extension's school garden team created a multitiered approach to serving these gardeners while ensuring efficient use of Extension agents' time and resources. This approach includes a beginning-steps publication, hands-on garden training, and school garden associations. The result is more sustainable school gardens with limited frustration on the parts of school gardeners and Extension agents.
4-H Members and Firearms: The Case for 4-H Shooting Sports
Authors: Goodwin Jeff , White David , Sandlin M'Randa
Published: June 2023

As events of human violence emerge on the national stage and as individuals raise concerns about youths having access to firearms, it is important that Extension professionals, land-grant university administrators, and university legal counsels understand the guiding principles of the 4-H Shooting Sports program. This commentary addresses 4-H Shooting Sports program priorities and program management, the program's safety record, and the rationale for introducing 4-H members to firearms. The article is not a defensive justification of the 4-H Shooting Sports program. Instead, it is a demonstration of the relevance and safety of a 4-H program area that reaches hundreds of thousands of young people each year.
Engaging College Students in Experiential Learning Opportunities within Extension
Authors: Johnson Tonya , Vera Tina , Irvin Veronica , Elliott Karen
Published: June 2023

Providing experiential learning opportunities within Extension for college students generates benefits for multiple parties. As two campus-based faculty and two Extension county-based faculty who have collaborated to increase public health student engagement through endeavors within Extension, we have gained perspective on this topic. We describe a continuum of relevant experiential learning options, from classroom experiences through full internships. We also provide input on associated best practices. Extension faculty across the nation are encouraged to use and adapt these tools to ensure success in offering experiential learning opportunities to college students.
Building a Rural Library Hotspot Lending Program: Results from a One-Year Pilot
Authors: Whitacre Brian
Published: June 2023

In today's society, individuals and households without reliable Internet connections are increasingly at risk of facing significant disadvantages. This article describes an Extension-led pilot project in Oklahoma centered on addressing this issue through the establishment of a hotspot lending program in four rural libraries. Through the program, libraries allow patrons to "check out the Internet" by providing cellular-based hotspots that connect to a user's smartphone, tablet, or laptop. Feedback from librarians and 297 survey respondents suggests that the program is highly popular and is reaching the target audience. Conclusions on barriers faced and suggestions for best practices, including the role Extension can play, are provided.
Bakara Sûresi 243. Âyet Bağlamında Rivayetlerin Tefsire Etkisi
Authors: ÇETİN Metin
Published: June 2023

Kur’ân âyetlerinin verdikleri mesajların doğru anlaşılması çok önemlidir. Hz. Peygamber hayattayken Kur’ân’la ilgili sorular net bir şekilde cevabını bulmuştur. Hz. Peygamber’in vefatından sonra ise müfessirler Kur’ân’ı Kur’ân, sahabe kavli ve tabiin görüşleri ile tefsir etmişlerdir ki bu da rivayet tefsir türünün ortaya çıkmasına vesile olmuştur. Kimi rivayetler âyetlerin daha iyi anlaşılmasına imkân verirken kimileri de âyetleri, içinde bulunduğu bağlamdan uzaklaştırmış, âyetlerin vermek istediği temel mesajın gölgede kalmasına neden olmuştur. Bu araştırmanın konusu Bakara sûresi 243. âyetle ilgili rivayetlerdir. “Binlerce kişi oldukları hâlde, ölüm korkusuyla yurtlarını terk edenleri görmedin mi? Allah, onlara “ölün” dedi, sonra da onları diriltti. Şüphesiz Allah, insanlara karşı lütuf ve ikram sahibidir. Ama insanların çoğu şükretmezler.” Araştırmada bu âyetle ilgili rivayetler tahlil edilmiş, klasik ve modern tefsirlerde âyetin doğru anlaşılmasına yönelik tefsir kültürü taranmıştır. Âyetle ilgili iki rivayet bulunmaktadır. Birincisi veba salgınından korkarak beldelerini terk edenler; ikincisi ise vebayı ileri sürerek cihat etmeyen ve şehirlerini terk edenler hakkındadır. Bu rivayetlerin sahih hadis kaynaklarında yer almadığı, âyetin bağlamıyla uyumlu olmadığı, Kur’an’ın temel ilkelerine zıt olduğu ve tefsire sonradan eklenen isrâiliyât nakilleri olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bağlamı içinde değerlendirildiğinde âyetin, sosyal bilimlerin bir gerçekliğini dile getirdiği, inancı, vatanı, milleti ve değerleri adına, ölümden korktuğu için maddi ve manevi anlamda mücadele etmeyen toplumların yok olacağını; kendi değerleri için mücadele eden ve başarılı olan toplumların hayat hakkı bulacağını ifade ettiği düşünülmektedir.
‘Allâme Kâdî Hıdırî ve el-Fetâvâ el-Muhammediyye Adlı Eseri
Authors: EŞİT Yusuf
Published: June 2023

‘Allâme Kâdî Muhammed Hıdırî, İrân’da yetişen son dönem Sünnî âlimlerden biridir. 1900’lü yılların başında dünyaya gelen Hıdırî, keskin zeka ve kuvvetli hafızasıyla Doğu medrese geleneğinin devamı olan medreselerde kısa sürede eğitimini tamamlayıp ilmî faaliyetlere başlamıştır. İlerleyen zamanlarda ilmiyle şöhret bulan Hıdırî, İran’ın Sünnî bölgesi olan kuzey bölgelerinde resmi olmasa da kadılık vazifesini ifa etmiştir. Kendisi ilmî faaliyetlerinin yanında kimi zaman siyasi görevler de üstlenmiştir. Değişen yönetim ve rejimlere tanıklık eden Hıdırî, her dönemde ilmî konumunu ve halkın nezdindeki yerini korumuştur. Dil, tefsir, hadis ve fıkıh, gibi dinî ilimlerin yanında mantık, hendese ve astronomi ilimleri de tahsil etmiş çok yönlü bir âlim olup Kürtçe, Arapça ve Farsça dillerinde eserler telif etmiştir. İslamî ilimlerin her alanında derin bilgiye sahip olması hasebiyle kendisinin fıkıh, tefsir, tasavvuf alanlarında eser ve risaleleri bulunmaktadır. Târihi meşâhiri cihân İslam, Tefsîrü’l-Kur’ân, Risâlehây-ı müteneva‘ der bâb mesâili şer‘î, Kitab-ı der bâb-ı talakı selâse eserlerinden bazısıdır. Hıdırî, bulunduğu toplumun sorunlarına kayıtsız kalmamış din âliminin gerektirdiği nosyonla toplumuna ışık tutmuş ve bulunduğu toplumun eğitim seviyelerinin yükselmesi başta olmak üzere her türlü sorunlarıyla ilgilenmiştir. Onun modern kaynaklara hâkim ve taassuptan uzak ama Sünnî mezhep içerisinde muhakkik bir âlim olduğu söylenebilir. el-Fetâvâ el-Muhammediyye adlı eseri hem kendi ilmî derinliği hem de yaşadığı toplumun genel hatlarıyla sorunları hakkında bizlere bilgi vermektedir. Eserde yaklaşık olarak beş yüz on iki soruya verdiği fetva yer almaktadır. Fetvalar hayatın her alanına dair çok çeşitlilik gösteren bir dağılım göstermektedir. Eserde Kâdî Hıdırî’nin başta ibadet olmak üzere günümüzde tartışılan birçok konuya dair görüşleri yer almaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı Kâdî Hıdırî’nin hayatı ve fetvaları üzerinde genel bir tasvir çizmektir. Aynı zamanda çalışma, İran’ın Sünnî bölgelerindeki ilmî birikime dikkat çekmesi açısından da önem arz etmektedir.
Bir Davet Biçimi Olarak Hz. İbrâhim’in Aklî Delillere Dayalı Metodu
Authors: POLATOĞLU Enver
Published: June 2023

İlâhî mesajların sunulma biçimleri, muhatapların ikna edilmesi yönüyle büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bilginin temel kaynakları arasında yer alan akıl, vahiy ve duyuların her biri çatıştırılmaksızın kendi doğal mecrasında ele alındığında, muhatap kitle üzerinde pozitif anlamda büyük etkiler yarattığı bir gerçektir. Kur’an’ın kıssalar yoluyla anlattığı pek çok mesele zengin içerikler ve derin mesajlar taşımakta, muhatapların anlayış ve düzeylerine uygun yöntemler içermektedir. Bu zengin içeriğin esas manasının keşfedilebilmesi için dönemin inanç yapısının, yaşam tarzının, tarihi değerlerinin ve kültürel anlayışının bilinmesi meselenin anlaşılmasını daha kolay hale getirmektedir. Yüce Kur’an’da başta Hz. İbrâhim (a.s.) kıssası olmak üzere pek çok konu ve meselenin anlatımında aklî düşünmeye ve tefekküre dikkat çekilmekte, vahiy-akıl bütünselliğinin önemine işaret edilmektedir. İşte bu çalışmada En’am Sûresinin 74-83 ayetlerinde geçtiği üzere Hz. İbrâhim’in yıldız, ay ve güneşe karşı takındığı tavırlar, toplumu dine davet etmede izlediği yöntemler ve buna bağlı olarak yaşanan sürecin hikmet boyutu ile gerçek sebepleri üzerinde durulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu bakımdan doğru sonuca ulaşabilmek için Hz. İbrâhim’in içinde yaşadığı toplumun inanç yapısı incelenerek, onun gök cisimlerine yaklaşım tarzından hareketle gerçekte Allah hakkında şüpheye düşüp düşmediği izah edilecektir. Ayrıca meseleyi zahiri veya temsili manada anlamanın mümkün olup olmadığı, tebliğ açısından nasıl bir değer ifade ettiği ve ismet sıfatı bağlamında ele alındığında tevhid ilkeleriyle nasıl bir uyum içerisinde olduğu hususu üzerinde durulacaktır. Hz. İbrâhim’in küçükten büyüğe, tümevarımsal bir yöntemle ve ikna edici bir metotla hareket etmesinin temel saiklerinden hareketle bunun vahiyden beslenen ve tefekkür argümanlarına dayanan bilinçli bir metot olup olmadığı araştırılacak, Hz. İbrâhim’in somut örnekler üzerinden toplum ile kurduğu iletişim ve davet dilinin önemine işaret edilecektir.
Teoman Duralı’nın Darvinci Evrim ve Darwinizm Eleştirisi
Authors: KARTAL SOYSAL Esra
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışmada Ş. Teoman Duralı’nın, biyoloji biliminin ve felsefesinin merkezî dayanağı olan Darvinci evrime ve ondan türeyen Darwinizme ilişkin eleştirisi, kısmen kesişen dört kategori üzerinden yapılandırılarak ortaya konacaktır. İlkin Duralı için Darvinci evrim, bir teori olmaktan ziyade bir varsayımdır, zira bilimsel olarak bir teori olmanın gereklerini karşılamaz ve fakat eldeki varsayımlar içinde biyoloji bilimi için vazgeçilmez bir kullanışlılık arz etmektedir. İkincisi Duralı, herhangi bir aşkın varlığa referans vermeksizin kendi kendisinin ilkesi olan içkin bir süreci temellendiren Darvinci evrimin aşkınlık düzlemini gereksiz, hatta zamanla geçersiz kılmasına karşı aşkınlığın –bilimin konusu olamasa dahi– sistemden en azından felsefî olarak elenemeyeceğini savunur. Aşkınlık anlayışının devamı kabilinden üçüncü olarak Duralı İslam düşünce geleneğinden devraldığı beşer-insan ayrımına gider ve evrimin beşer oluşu açıklamasına mukabil insan oluşu açıklayamayacağını, bu işi ancak ve ancak –Müslüman felsefecilerin 8. ve 18. yüzyıllar arasında ortaya koymayı denediği– tekâmül anlayışının kotarabileceğini iddia eder. Bilhassa en karmaşık canlı insanın, beşer oluşa indirgenmesinin karşısında netlikle durarak holistik bir tutum takınır. Son olarak Duralı, Darvinci evrimden türemiş Darwinizmden kaynaklanan ve sonra dönüp onu besleyen ideolojilerin (bilhassa kapitalizm, komünizm ve nasyonal sosyalizm) varsayım ve icraatlarının evrim varsayımından itinayla ayrılmaları gerektiğini, zira Darvinci evrimle uyuşmadıklarını öne sürer. Tüm önkabul ve eleştirileri ile Duralı ne evrim taraftarı ne evrim karşıtıdır. Evrimi, belkemiği bir bilimsel varsayım olarak işlevsel bulur, ancak etrafında kümelenen sorunların çözümüne yönelik önerilerde bulunur.
Los habitantes de Tilcara: arqueología de las ocupaciones más antiguas del área urbana. Intervenciones arqueológicas en la vivienda de la familia Carrazana-Paredes
Authors: Fernández Do Río Solange , Mercolli Pablo
Published: June 2023

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Primera aproximación a la bioarqueología del sitio Malka 2/familia Carrazana Paredes
Authors: Seldes Verónica , González Simonetto Analía , Dentoni María Nélida
Published: June 2023

Se presentan los resultados preliminares del análisis de restos humanos, óseos y dentales recuperados en un trabajo de arqueología de rescate realizado en Carrazana/Paredes de la localidad de Tilcara, Jujuy. El análisis bioarqueológico incluye la determinación del número mínimo de individuos (MNI) de cada uno de los 16 entierros y la estimación de edad y sexo. Como resultado se pudo determinar la presencia de al menos 24 individuos, 8 de los cuales son subadultos, uno juvenil y 15 adultos, uno de ellos femenino, en tanto que del resto no fue posible estimar el sexo. Dado el mal estado de preservación de los restos, solo pudieron relevarse patologías orales como las caries y el desgaste dental. Se registró una baja frecuencia de caries a la vez que un alto grado de desgaste dental incluso en individuos de corta edad. Se destaca como aspecto relevante la existencia de piezas dentales correspondientes a individuos infantiles de diferentes edades, lo cual, en ausencia de restos óseos asociados, podría integrar el repertorio de ofrendas o acompañamiento hacia los difuntos adultos.
Los objetos metálicos hallados en el Rescate Familia Carrazana (Tilcara, Jujuy, Argentina)
Authors: Angiorama Carlos I. , Becerra María Florencia , Plaza Calonge María Teresa Plaza Calonge
Published: June 2023

Tuvimos la oportunidad de observarlos en 2011, poco tiempo después de efectuadas las excavaciones. En ese entonces varios de ellos se encontraban aún adheridos al sedimento que los contenía y a los restos óseos asociados, lo que permitió la conservación de sus formas originales a pesar de encontrarse fragmentados. La mayoría de los objetos fueron hallados en muy mal estado de conservación debido al avance de los procesos corrosivos, habiéndose perdido aparentemente en varios casos la totalidad del metal original. Para propiciar la realización de las tareas de estabilización y conservación pertinentes, se decidió en aquel momento no manipularlos para medir sus dimensiones ni tampoco someterlos a análisis de laboratorio. Tan solo fueron fotografiados en el estado en que se encontraban y es sobre la base de esas fotografías que se realizan las consideraciones presentadas en esta nota. Dos de las piezas, en buen estado de conservación y confeccionadas con oro como metal base, fueron luego estudiadas con mayor profundidad, en el marco de una investigación mayor sobre la metalurgia del oro del área circumpuneña (Plaza Calonge, 2018).
Increase in Tropospheric Water Vapor Amplifies Global Warming and Climate Change
Authors: Patel Vikas Kumar , Kuttippurath Jayanarayanan
Published: June 2023

Among the greenhouse gases (GHGs), atmospheric water vapor is the most abundant, has a large influence on the radiation budget of Earth, and plays a decisive role in regional weather processes. We investigate the long-term (1980–2020) changes in global tropospheric water vapor using satellite, radiosonde, and reanalysis data and assess the impact of changes in water vapor on regional and global climate with respect to its radiative feedback. The annual climatology of global tropospheric water vapor varies from 5 to 60 kg/m
2
across different regions. Except in the tropics, there is a strong seasonal cycle in both the southern and northern hemispheres, with the highest values in summer (25 to 65 kg/m
2
) and smallest values in winter (5 to 20 kg/m
2
). Most regions show positive trends in the annual mean tropospheric water vapor, at about 0.025 to 0.1 kg/m
2
/year, for the period of 1980–2020, with a notable increase in the Arctic because of the high rise in temperature there. Throughout the troposphere (except 200 hPa), the annual mean specific humidity shows significant positive trends over both land and oceans, with the highest values of approximately 0.015 g/kg/year at 1000 hPa in the tropics. The associated radiative effects on shortwaves at the surface vary from −5 to −70 W/m
2
, with the highest values at Manaus, Porto, and Hanty–Mawsijsk (tropical stations) and the smallest values of about −5 to −10 W/m
2
in the polar regions. The model projections for future high-emission scenarios show a large increase in atmospheric water vapor, approximately twice the current value in the polar latitudes by the end of the 21st century. This is a great concern for global and regional climate, as the rise in water vapor would further augment global warming and phenomena, such as the Arctic amplification. Therefore, this study cautions that there is a significant rise in tropospheric water vapor across latitudes and altitudes, which could further increase the global temperature and, thus, accelerate global climate change.
PHƯƠNG PHÁP TÍNH TOÁN CHI PHÍ PHÁT ĐIỆN QUY DẪN CỦA HỆ NĂNG LƯỢNG TÁI TẠO PHÂN TÁN TẠI VIỆT NAM
Authors: Khoa Nguyễn Đăng , Vinh Lê Thành , Điều Võ Ngọc
Published: June 2023

Việt Nam có tiềm năng rất lớn về điện mặt trời và điện gió với nhiều dự án quy mô lớn đã và đang triển khai. Chính vì điều này gây nên áp lực rất lớn cho hệ thống điện quốc gia, vì tính không ổn định của nguồn điện gió và mặt trời tập trung với công suất đặt lớn. Các nguồn này cũng đang gây quá tải cục bộ tại một số khu vực, khi mà tốc độ phát triển của lưới truyền tải không theo kịp tốc độ phát triển của nguồn. Vậy nên, các nguồn năng lượng tái tạo phân tán ngày càng được khuyến khích phát triển. Phân tích tính hiệu quả kinh tế là một trong những vấn đề cần xem xét để phát triển các dự án năng lượng. Bài báo này trình bày phương pháp tính chi phí phát điện quy dẫn của hệ năng lượng tái tạo kết hợp giữa điện gió và điện mặt trời, với sản lượng điện được tính toán từ các phần mềm chuyên dụng là WindPRO và PVsyst. Kết quả cho thấy phương pháp tính chi phí phát điện quy dẫn của hệ này rất cạnh tranh với biểu giá điện hiện nay của tập đoàn điện lực Việt Nam. Hiệu quả kinh tế của dự án cũng được phân tích và chứng minh dựa trên giá bán điện đã được đề xuất từ phương pháp này.