bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of UVC-treated, pathogen-reduced platelets versus untreated platelets: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial
Authors: Brixner Veronika , Bug Gesine , Pohler Petra , Krämer Doris , Metzner Bernd , Voß Andreas , Casper Jochen , Ritter Ulrich , Klein Stefan , Alakel Nael , Peceny Rudolf , Derigs Hans G. , Stegelmann Frank , Wolf Martin , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Thiele Thomas , Seifried Erhard , Kapels Hans-Hermann , Döscher Andrea , Petershofen Eduard K. , Müller Thomas H. , Seltsam Axel
Published: February 2021

Pathogen reduction (PR) technologies for blood components have been established to reduce the residual risk of known and emerging infectious agents. THERAFLEX UVPlatelets, a novel UVC light-based PR technology for platelet concentrates, works without photoactive substances. This randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter, noninferiority trial was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of UVC-treated platelets to that of untreated platelets in thrombocytopenic patients with hematologic-oncologic diseases. Primary objective was to determine non-inferiority of UVC-treated platelets, assessed by the 1-hour corrected count increment (CCI) in up to eight per-protocol platelet transfusion episodes. Analysis of the 171 eligible patients showed that the defined non-inferiority margin of 30% of UVC-treated platelets was narrowly missed as the mean differences in 1-hour CCI between standard platelets versus UVC-treated platelets for intention-to-treat and perprotocol analyses were 18.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.4%; 30.1) and 18.7% (95% CI: 6.3%; 31.1%), respectively. In comparison to the control, the UVC group had a 19.2% lower mean 24-hour CCI and was treated with an about 25% higher number of platelet units, but the average number of days to next platelet transfusion did not differ significantly between both treatment groups. The frequency of low-grade adverse events was slightly higher in the UVC group and the frequencies of refractoriness to platelet transfusion, platelet alloimmunization, severe bleeding events, and red blood cell transfusions were comparable between groups. Our study suggests that transfusion of pathogen-reduced platelets produced with the UVC technology is safe but non-inferiority was not demonstrated. (The German Clinical Trials Register number: DRKS00011156).
The Resource-saving technology of growing repair young stock
Authors: Lutsenko M. , Kudlay I.
Published: February 2021

The article highlights the results of research dealing with the assessment of the new resource-saving technology for growing heifers that has been developed and implemented in DLC "Terezino" of Bila Tserkva district in Kyiv region. The conditions of keeping and behavior of heifers in individual houses during the first month after birth at subzero temperatures and when transferring them to group cages were studied. Studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of milk substitution use. It was found that the composition of milk substitutes have been optimally regulated and such indicators as fat, protein and lactose content are in a stable state. Milk substitutes have a very low bacterial contamination, which has a positive effect on the physiological state of dairy heifers, their growth and development. Animals are sick rarely and provide 100% preservation of young animals. An assessment of new easily build premises in ensuring a quality microclimate has been provided. It has been established that the presence of side curtains and lightaeration ridge in the construction of these premises increases air exchange and reduces the level of harmful gases to a minimum level. The ammonia content in the placement constitutes 1.75 mg / m3 against 22 mg / m3 in traditional premises. The presence of hydrogen sulfide is twice less indoors and constitutes (5.2 mg / m3 vs. 10 mg / m3 according to regulations). It has been established that the division of sections for keeping of repair heifers of the cattle for feeding and recreation area has a positive effect on their behavior, and the presence of a feed table and feeding of heifers with complete ration wet mixes ensures their growth and development in accordance with existing regulations. The use of new resource-saving technology for growing of breeding replacement heifers in this farm allows to reduce labor costs for the production of 1centner of growth up to 3.7 people / hour against 9.2 people/ hour according to traditional technologies. Key words: resource-saving technology, repair heifers, individual houses, milk substitutes, easily assembled premises.
The cell protection of weated pigs for probiotics
Authors: Bondarenko L.
Published: February 2021

The immune system is central to ensuring the consistency of the body's homeostasis. The state of the body's natural resistance is determined by a set of non-specific protective mechanisms. Lymphocytes and phagocytes are actively involved in maintaining immunity. Lymphocytes recognize the antigens of pathogenic microorganisms, and phagocytes absorb and destroy the pathogens themselves. During the weaning of piglets from sows there is a decrease in the protective forces of their body. During this period, the natural resistance of the piglets is reduced due to the stressful situation caused by changing conditions of confinement, the transition to full feed and lack of sows. The immune system of weaning pigs is relatively weak, so when exposed to environmental and technological stressors, they become susceptible to various diseases. The use of probiotic drugs stimulates the activity of the immune system, prevents stress and immunodeficiency. One of these probiotics is the probiotic of domestic production Protecto-active. It w observed the the influence of the probiotic Protecto-active on the indices of nonspecific resistance of the young pigs organism to the growth. An increase in bactericidal activity of blood serum by 12.10% (P <0.05) and lysozyme activity of blood in the piglets of the experimental group was increased by 3.71% compared to control, which indicates the activation of the body's defenses and the increase in adaptive capacity. An important step in the study of the influence of the probiotic Protekto-active on the state of the immune system is to determine the phagocytic activity of neutrophils, phagocytic index and phagocytic number. In the experimental group of piglets that were fed the probiotic Protecto-active, we found an increase in leukocyte phagocytic activity by 9.0% (P <0.001), a phagocytic index by 51.7% (P<0.001) and a phagocytic number by 24.8% ( P <0.01) compared with the control group. Thus, using a probiotic Protecto-active, all indicators of phagocytosis increase: the number of phagocytes increases, their ability to capture microorganisms and increases their digestive capacity, it increases the bacterial and lysozyme activity of blood serum, which is positively reflected in the immunobiosity. Key words: probiotic, phagocytosis, phagocytic index, phagocytic number, phagocytic activity of leukocytes, cellular immunity, piglets
Enhancing immunity level by using phytogenic feed additives in animal diets (review)
Authors: Iqbal Aamir , Qudoos Abdul , Bayram Ismail , Tytariova Olena , Tsekhmistrenko Oksana , Slomchynskyi Mykhailo , Babenko Serhii
Published: February 2021

It is established that antibiotics are one of the most important medical discoveries of 20th century and will remain an utmost way of treating disease of animals as well as of human beings. We, the human beings, get meat, milk, egg, etc. from animals being very important and inevitable part of our daily nutrition. The irrational, consecutive and extensive use of antibiotics in food producing animals particularly for growth promotion has lead to antibiotic resistance, microbial resistance and possible the drug residual threat for human beings due to consumption of milk, meat, egg, etc. It was found out that during the normal physiology the animals undergo various types of stresses mainly including environmental, pathogenic, etc which suppress the immune system as well as the GIT of animals and due to this the animals become vulnerable to different diseases which leads to immunosuppression, poor health status, increased mortality and decreased production. Due to this ban on using synthetic antibiotics in animals as antibiotic growth promoters (AGP), an alternative approach is to use phytochemicals in animals’ feed for growth promotion, optimum production and enhancing or modulating the immunity level of animal. These phytogenic feed additives are important and have many properties i.e. anti-fungal, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, etc which, when supplemented with diet and fed to animals, ensure the protection and improvement of health condition, integrity of GIT and enhance the immunity level of animal. This review illustrates the importance of plant-based feed additives supplemented with other feedstuff and fed to animals particularly their role in immunomodulation to boost the immunity level on animal under stress conditions. Key words: feed additives, phytobiotics, alternative to antibiotics, animal feeding, immunity.
Comparative assessment of fattening qualities of rabbits of different breeds under the conditions of the private farm
Authors: Lastovska I.O. , Pirova L.V , Kosior L.T. , Borshch O.O. , Borshch O.V
Published: February 2021

A comparative assessment of the fattening qualities of rabbits of different breeds on a farm with an intensive technology of rabbit meat production was carried. The material for the study was a herd of rabbits of meat and skin breeds: Gray Giant Flander, Californian, Silver Fox. The experiment was carried by the group method. For this purpose, 30 rabbits were selected at 45 days of age and 3 groups of 10 heads were formed. Analogue rabbits were selected by breed, age, live weight, sex. The experimental livestock was housed in a shed-type room equipped with 4 rows of mesh cages arranged in two tiers, in which bunker feeders and nipple drinking bowls were installed. The animals were fed with pellets compound feed with the addition of leguminous Herbal hay. Compound feed was distributed from bunker self-feeders, Herbal hay – from feeders (mangers). The rabbits were watered from nipple drinkers, which provided the animals with constant access to food and water. In the course of the research, the live weight of rabbits, absolute and average daily gain, relative growth rate and feed costs were studied. It has been found that the Californian rabbits fulfill their growth potential better than the Silver Fox and Gray Giant Flander rabbits. Average daily gains in rabbits of the Californian breed were 1.8 g higher compared to analogs of the Silver Fox breed and 1.18 g higher than in the Gray Giant Flander. In terms of live weight, at the end of the experiment, the Californian rabbits were dominated by analogs of the Silver Fox breed by 116.7 g and by 90 g of Gray Giant Flander rabbits. The level of profitability of raising young rabbits for meat of the Californian breed was 12.2 %, and the Gray Giant Flander and Silver Fox breeds, respectively – 3.8 and 4.0 %. Key words: fattening qualities, Gray Giant Flander, Silver Foxy breed, Californian breed, average daily gains, economic efficiency.
Characteristics of the genetic structure of bulls of lebedinian breed by Beta (CSN2) - and Capa Casein genes (CSN3)
Authors: Ladyka V. , Sklyarenko Y. , Pavlenko Y.
Published: February 2021

The Conservation of genetic resources in animal husbandry is a necessity arising from the possibilities and reality of the diversity of the gene pool available in the country, which determines the productive and adaptive capabilities of individual breeds of cattle. Aboriginal breeds are carriers of unique genes and gene complexes, which cannot be restored if they disappear. Marker-asissted selection is one of the current areas of improvement of dairy cattle productivity. It allows the selection of parental forms at the genetic level. An important issue in the selection of dairy cattle today is the study of the relationship between hereditary factors that determine the types of proteins in milk. Genetic variants of beta-casein significantly affect on human health, kappa-casein is associated with the quality of raw milk and cheese making properties. The aim of the research was to study the available sperm production of Lebedinian bulls by beta- (CSN2) and kappacasein (CSN3) genes. The material for research was the sperm of bulls of Lebedinian breed cattle. Determination of beta- and kappa-casein gene polymorphism was performed by PCR-RFLP method in the laboratory of the Institute of Animal Husbandry of NAAS. Analysis of the genealogical structure showed that 12 bulls-producers belong to 8 lines. Of the 12 bulls, 5 are purebred Lebedinian, 7 are crossbreeds with the swiss breed. Among those studied for the complex genotype (CSN2- (CSN3), one bull had the desired genotype A2A2BB, another bulls had genotypes A2A2AB; A1A2BB; A1A2AB; A1A1AA. Five bulls have the A1A2AA genotype and two bulls have the A1A1AB genotype. The high frequency of the A2 allele of beta-casein (46%) and the B allele of kappa-casein (33%) was observed in sires of Lebedinian breed. To create micropopulations with the desired complex A2A2 / BB genotype, sires are recommended in which the frequency of alleles of beta-casein A2 and kappacasein B satisfies the requirements. Key words: sire, beta-casein, kappa-casein, genotype, allele, frequency, haploid.
Pandemics in the past Eight Centuries: A Sociological Appraisal
Authors: Sheykhi Mohammad Taghi , Muhammad Ridwan
Published: February 2021

The present article intends to reflect the appearance of different pandemics in different periods from sociological point of view. Earlier pandemics used to appear without being able to control them; at the historical times without medications, hospitals, motor vehicles, without communications etc. Millions of people died because of spreading unknown diseases such as flu, cholera, black death, plague and the like. Estimates show that the first 15 events killed over 85 million people. Plague in Italy during some years in the 17th century perished many people vs the least of facilities within reach. Similarly, great plague in Spain in mid 17th century took the lives of a large number of people. Great plague of London also in the second half of the 17th century killed more than 100,000 of citizens. Such events not only directly killed older household members, but created bad lives and deprivation for the younger remaining members in such households. Many of such children had to resort to orphanages. Cholera outbreak also appeared in early 19th century in India, Russia and Africa leaving behind a great number of deaths. The flu pandemic at the end of 19th century killed many people. Many countries came to know more on influenza since then. The outbreak of Coronavirus in 2020 is the worst very widespread and global affecting and infecting many people in all corners of the world. Coronavirus pandemic is wide spreading without being prevented. Despite all the existing facilities, it is killing more than the earlier pandemics in terms of time and space. As education and understanding of people are currently higher than before, they highly feel distressed and disordered.
The Influence of Celebrity Endorsement, Product Quality and Price on Purchase Interest of Kanzler Single Sausage Products
Authors: Maurencia Evelyn , Hery Winoto Tj  , Soegeng Wahyoedi
Published: February 2021

At this time, technological advances are increasingly having a strong enough impact and if it can be utilized properly, this maximizes the results obtained from the existence of the technology itself. Especially in the act of marketing an item, using social media that has many users will make the product marketing process much easier. Supported by the current pandemic conditions that have made major changes in purchasing and selling product transactions, as well as a fairly high increase in internet users. Therefore, using social media that displays advertisers in the form of videos will be considered effective. For now, people are starting to be presented with various types of social media featuring videos such as Youtube, Snapchat, Instagram & TikTok. According to research (OGUNSIJI, 2012) celebrity endorsement is a marketing tool created to show differentiation points between various brands and coverage in the market. Meanwhile, (Nelson & Gloria, 2012) focuses celebrity support on a global perspective because this is a communication strategy that will create promotional actions for a product in the form of goods and services in society. The right choice should be made to choose a celebrity to endorse a brand, as celebrity endorsement can affect the image and productivity of an organization in positive or negative ways. With this research, it is hoped that entrepreneurs who want to market their products will be wiser and easier in choosing what kind of media are currently having a high appeal to consumers. In addition, readers will also be invited to see the benefits of the impact of celebrity endorsement, the quality of a product and how the price affects consumer purchase interest.
Validity And Reliability Of Indonesian Social Media Disorder (SMD) Scale In Adolescent
Authors: Dewi Suzy Yusna , Lestari Yunita Mansyah
Published: February 2021

Social media is popular in various circles, especially adolescents. Adolescent are the most vulnerable to be affected by technology. The excessive use of social media will make it difficult for adolescents who are addicted to social media. This study aims to adapt and assess the validity and reliability of the Social Media Disorder (SMD) questionnaire in indonesian. The subjects of the study were adolescents aged 13-19 years and living in DKI Jakarta. Data were collected on 21 April - 27 April 2019 using the method of consecutive sampling and snowball sampling with a questionnaire via the Googleform link. The number of research respondents were 30 people, 40% male and 60% female. The data was processed using SPSS 25. The results observed with the value of Cronbach's Alpha = 0.802 and r = 0.481-0.887, which means the Indonesian SMD questionnaire have good validity and reliability.
Effects of vessel sound on oyster toadfish Opsanus tau calling behavior
Authors: Mackiewicz AG , Putland RL , Mensinger AF
Published: February 2021

In coastal waters, anthropogenic activity and its associated sound have been shown to negatively impact aquatic taxa that rely on sound signaling and reception for navigation, prey location, and intraspecific communication. The oyster toadfish Opsanus tau depends on acoustic communication for reproductive success, as males produce ‘boatwhistle’ calls to attract females to their nesting sites. However, it is unknown if in situ vessel sound impacts intraspecific communication in this species. Passive acoustic monitoring using a 4-hydrophone linear array was conducted in Eel Pond, a small harbor in Woods Hole, MA, USA, to monitor the calling behavior of male toadfish. The number of calls pre- and post-exposure to vessel sound was compared. Individual toadfish were localized, and their approximate sound level exposure was predicted using sound mapping. Following exposure to vessel sound, the number of calls significantly decreased compared to the number of calls pre-exposure, with vessel sound overlapping the frequency range of male toadfish boatwhistles. This study provides support that anthropogenic sound can negatively affect intraspecific communication and suggests that in situ vessel sound has the ability to mask boatwhistles and change the calling behavior of male toadfish. Masking could lead to a reduction in intraspecific communication and lower reproductive efficiency within the Eel Pond toadfish population.
‘Seeing everything in a new light’: Edinburgh International Book and Arts Festival Diary 2020
Authors: Relich Mario
Published: February 2021

A personal review of the 2020 Edinburgh International Festivals, much reduced and mostly online due to Covid-19.
Cobertura gráfica e informativa de accidentes y suicidios en la prensa digital española
Authors: Olivar de Julian Francisco Javier , Segado Boj Francisco
Published: February 2021

Esta investigación parte de la inclusión de elementos gráficos como indicio de la relevancia otorgada a cada noticia por los distintos medios. Desde este punto de partida, el trabajo compara el peso y la importancia que cada medio otorga a diferentes informaciones de sucesos de muertes por causa externa: accidentes de tráfico, caídas, ahogamientos y suicidios. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de contenido sobre los elementos gráficos presentes (fotografía, video o infografía) en una muestra representativa de noticias (n=4.733). Asimismo, se ha medido el número de elementos empleados en cada noticia y si estos documentos gráficos se vinculan con algún elemento concreto de la noticia. Se ha estudiado también el enfoque informativo, de manera que se distingue entre ‘preventivo’ y ‘sensacionalista’. Los resultados confirman el protagonismo informativo de los accidentes de tráfico, única causa de muerte que presenta rasgos sensacionalistas en todos los medios estudiados.
Género y perfil en las autorías y colaboraciones de Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación (2010-2019)
Authors: Segarra-Saavedra Jesús , Tur-Viñes Victoria , Hidalgo-Marí Tatiana
Published: February 2021

Se presenta un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, bajo la perspectiva de género, centrado principalmente en el perfil de autoría, pero también en el de colaboradores-as de Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación (RMC) durante sus 10 años de existencia. El objetivo es visibilizar la relevancia, rol y contribución de la mujer al conocimiento en el ámbito de la Comunicación. Para ello, se utiliza una muestra formada por 414 autorías de 238 artículos y 30 coordinaciones de 17 monográficos sobre la que se aplican las siguientes variables: perfil sociodemográfico (nombre, apellidos y género), institucional (institución y procedencia geográfica), investigador (título, idioma-s, resumen y grado de doctor-a), perfil en Google Scholar (citas, índice H e índice H-10) y presencia en Orcid. Los resultados indican que la mujer adquiere protagonismo, tanto como autora de artículos (rol de producción) como coordinadora de monográficos (rol de organización) pero los hombres son más citados que las mujeres (rol de liderazgo).
Conservadorismo como diretriz: o que o conteúdo e o léxico do encarte «Nossas Convicções» dizem sobre o jornal ‘Gazeta do povo’
Authors: Belin Luciane Leopoldo
Published: February 2021

O encarte «Nossas Convicções», da Gazeta do Povo, lançado em 2017, marcou a entrada do jornal brasileiro em uma nova fase e apresentou oficialmente seu posicionamento frente a diversos assuntos de cunho social, moral, religioso e político. A partir de uma discussão teórica sobre o pensamento conservador, pautada principalmente no conceito de Karl Mannheim, e suas aplicações na realidade atual brasileira, passando ainda por uma breve discussão sobre as transformações do jornalismo na era digital, este artigo utiliza uma metodologia dividida em duas partes —a análise de conteúdo combinada à análise léxica— para compreender quais são as características do pensamento conservador contemporâneo presentes no material em questão. A presença de um discurso crítico aos posicionamentos de movimentos progressistas como o feminista e LGBTI+, a recorrência de argumentos contra o direito ao aborto e a defesa da manutenção do conceito da família tradicional são alguns dos resultados encontrados na análise, que identificou ainda a presença de uma preocupação com aspectos ligados ao empreendedorismo. No texto analisado, a família aparece como elemento central e a religião, aspecto recorrente dentro do conteúdo considerado, é associada ao Estado muito mais do que os direitos e a autonomia da mulher.
Gobiernos progresistas en América Latina: agendas políticas y de comunicación
Authors: Alaniz Maria , Bruera Rodrigo
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de visibilizar un cambio de paradigma en el modo de construir la comunicación por parte de los denominados gobiernos progresistas de América Latina. Su irrupción en el escenario político a comienzos del siglo XXI marcó un período en el que la noción de «Estado comunicador» nació con la fuerza suficiente para poner en marcha una transición entre aquel Estado regido por agendas políticas de los medios privados hacia un tipo de Estado que planifica, construye y difunde su propia agenda. La premisa de estos gobiernos parte de considerar el rol activo del Estado en materia de comunicación, a la que entienden como un derecho y no como una mercancía. Este trabajo es un análisis documental y de casos, producto del resultado de un proyecto de investigación de mayor alcance. Se sintetizan aquí los resultados generales que surgieron del estudio de casos sobre distintas temáticas políticas de diferentes países de la región latinoamericana. A modo de conclusión, podemos afirmar que en el lustro 2010-2015 el Estado articuló políticas públicas en materia de comunicación tendientes a la construcción de agendas políticas propias capaces de entrar de lleno en las disputas del escenario político mediático.
Limites e possibilidades do fact-checking como prática social para aperfeiçoar a democracia: o Truco Nos Estados nas eleições brasileiras de 2018
Authors: Seibt Taís
Published: February 2021

O artigo discute limites e possibilidades do fact-checking (verificação de fatos) como prática social para o aperfeiçoamento da democracia no século XXI. Com base nos resultados da pesquisa participante realizada no projeto Truco nos Estados, da Agência Pública, durante as eleições brasileiras de 2018, são apresentadas inferências sobre o contexto e o impacto da checagem de fatos na promoção de uma agenda democrática tendo como perspectiva teórica as mudanças estruturais do jornalismo. Conclui-se que há espaço para o fact-checking se firmar como uma prática jornalística para o aperfeiçoamento da democracia, porém sua consolidação depende de um aprendizado psicocognitivo compartilhado por jornalistas, agentes públicos e cidadãos.
Polarização e blindagem midiática: o questionamento da mediação jornalística
Authors: Machado da Silveira Ada Cristina , Hartmann Camila , Schwartz Clarissa
Published: February 2021

O artigo analisa denúncias de blindagem midiática operadas pela mídia alternativa com vistas ao desempenho da mídia de referência. Atentando para o contexto de convergência digital associada à polarização política, estuda-se a crise enfrentada pela mediação jornalística que lhe facultou ter questionada sua competência e legitimidade comunicacional. A análise decorre da composição de corpora formados por matérias publicadas entre os anos de 2010 e 2015 de portais, sitese blogs eletrônicos brasileiros, em sua maioria integrantes da mídia alternativa. Dentre os resultados, percebem-se dois procedimentos. Um deles reconhece o uso da blindagem como uma ação da mídia de referência que adquire reverberação na esfera midiática alternativa quando esta elenca denúncias sobre as estratégias utilizadas em situações reconhecidas como de blindagem. Outro processo é identificável desde estratégias presentes em denúncias de blindagem utilizadas para alertar os leitores sobre omissões e deturpações da cobertura realizada pela mídia de referência.
Um percurso para esboçar o ‘novo intelectual’ que se faz necessário no jornalismo contemporâneo
Authors: Marocco Beatriz
Published: February 2021

Este texto pretende elaborar um percurso teórico para constituição da figura do ‘novo intelectual’, proposta por Gianni Vattimo, com sua associação às ações de três repórteres. Eliane Brum, Alexandra Lucas Coelho e Adriana Mabilia adotaram, dentro e fora das mídias, um outro modo de objetivação jornalística, posicionando-se como críticas das práticas jornalísticas, em oposição aos ‘intelectuais-jornalistas’, identificados por Bourdieu. Elas fornecem evidências dessa figura na produção do ‘livro de repórter’, onde analisam o seu campo, interrogam postulados e fornecem evidências do exercício de um modo singular de objetivação jornalística. Em práticas de liberdade, se aproximam da ‘acontecimentalização’ e do ‘poliedro de inteligibilidade’, distanciam-se dos valores de negócio que as mídias ofertam à sociedade misturados a noções clássicas de democracia e liberdade de expressão.
Educomunicación y media literacy: Espacios de referencia en divulgación científica y académica en español
Authors: Aguaded Ignacio , Castillo-Abdul Bárbara , Romero-Rodríguez Luis M.
Published: February 2021

La presente investigación realiza una revisión pormenorizada de los principales espacios de divulgación de investigaciones sobre educomunicación y media literacy en Iberoamérica, tomando como referencia revistas de alto impacto (JCR/Scopus), publicaciones en índices emergentes (ESCI), publicaciones históricas de reconocida trayectoria, y congresos de referencia internacional. En el ámbito de las revistas científicas de alto impacto se evidencian espacios reducidos para la publicación en español, lo que deviene en altas tasas de rechazo. Sin embargo, algunas revistas del Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) han mejorado su posicionamiento relativo, cogiendo el testigo de la temática de educomunicación. Asimismo, se revisan algunas publicaciones históricas de la comunicación y la educación, como la Revista Comunicar, especialista en la materia, Chasqui, Estudios Venezolanos de la Comunicación, Contratexto y Comunicação & Educação, algunas con más de 50 años de existencia. Se concluye con una enumeración de los principales congresos internacionales de la temática, para ofrecer, en definitiva, una especie de mapping sobre los principales espacios de difusión de esta temática en nuestro idioma.
El papel de la radio en situaciones de crisis. Iniciativas en la pandemia del coronavirus
Authors: Rodero Antón Emma , Blanco Hernández María
Published: February 2021

La radio siempre ha demostrado ser un medio que se adapta fácilmente a situaciones de crisis. A lo largo de la historia, en grandes catástrofes naturales y en emergencias sanitarias, la radio ha tenido un papel protagonista gracias a que es el medio más universal, sencillo y accesible. También en la pandemia del coronavirus, la radio ha mostrado ser un medio de referencia. Por eso, este artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar la influencia de la radio en situaciones de crisis y describir las principales iniciativas que el medio está llevando a cabo relacionadas con la COVID-19. Las emisoras han tenido que adaptarse a la nueva situación con profesionales trabajando desde casa y programaciones que se han modificado con contenido sobre el coronavirus. Como en otras crisis, se ha incrementado el consumo, y el medio está ayudando a paliar los efectos psicológicos de la pandemia. Este papel central de la radio se muestra también en el número de iniciativas que diferentes radios de todo el mundo han organizado, como concursos y acciones solidarias para ayudar a todos los afectados. Una vez más, como ha ocurrido en otros momentos de emergencia en la historia, la radio vuelve a tener un papel substancial.
La investigación en Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas: tendencias en contenidos (2000-2020)
Authors: Viñarás Abad Mónica , Llorente Barroso Carmen
Published: February 2021

La creación científica en Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas ha vivido en los últimos veinte años un notable crecimiento tanto en el número de sus trabajos como en los contenidos abarcados. Este trabajo identifica y analiza aquellos temas con mayor presencia en las revistas científicas españolas y muestra así el escenario de la producción científica en estas materias. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria de carácter cualitativo que señala a algunos de los autores en cada una de estas tendencias pero sobre todo, identifica los temas que más preocupan a los investigadores y los posibles motivos. Los resultados muestran una investigación empírica aplicada a la praxis profesional y fundamentada en las teorías de la Publicidad y las Relaciones Públicas.
Periodismo digital y alta tecnología: de la consolidación a los renovados desafíos
Authors: Pérez-Seijo Sara , Gutiérrez-Caneda Beatriz , López-García Xosé
Published: February 2021

El periodismo digital se dirige hacia su tercera década con los deberes de consolidar el campo hecho y con renovados desafíos, que afronta a partir de la experiencia cosechada, el contexto actual pos-COVID-19, el protagonismo que ha ganado la dimensión tecnológica y la necesidad de metodologías sólidas para analizar la complejidad actual. La nueva etapa se construye de la mano de equipos estables de investigación en la práctica totalidad de las universidades españolas con estudios de periodismo, que han avanzado gracias a los estudios pioneros de pequeños grupos encabezados por Ramón Salaverría y Javier Díaz-Noci, hace algo más de veinticinco años, y que ahora, tras ganar posiciones en el contexto internacional, realizan una intensa actividad que aporta conocimiento de forma constante. En este artículo se analiza esta evolución y se presta especial atención, partiendo de una revisión sistematizada de la literatura científica en el campo, a los renovados desafíos que llegan de la mano de la aplicación al campo periodístico de la inteligencia artificial, la realidad virtual, el 5G, los drones y la tecnología blockchain, entre otras altas tecnologías.
Soportes de difusión en Comunicación, Publicidad, RRPP y Periodismo. Estudio de fondos de la BNE 2000-2020
Authors: Túñez López Miguel , Mandiá-Rubal Sara , Fieiras-Ceide Cesar
Published: February 2021

Resumen: Menajes que tradicionalmente se divulgaría en formato físico hoy se combinan con plataformas digitales. La producción por soporte documental está apenas estudiada en el área de comunicación, con excepción de las revistas científicas, y ese es el objetivo de este trabajo de investigación. No se identifican estudios similares previos ni se hayan datos concluyentes como para esbozar hipótesis sólidas, por ello se planifica como una investigación sin hipótesis en la que: a) identificar el proceso, conceptos y descriptores empleados por Biblioteca Nacional de España para clasificar los materiales que le llegan de esta disciplina por Depósito Legal; b) identificar el número de entradas existentes por tipo de sustentado; c) conocer y describir la evolución a lo largo de los últimos 20 años tanto de la producción de libros en soporte físico como electrónico, grabaciones de video, y grabaciones de audio; d) identificar tendencias actuales. El análisis de los registros de la BNE vinculados a temáticas específicas de comunicación, evidencia que el soporte dominante es el formato de libro físico muy por encima de cualquier otro. Multimedia, libro electrónico o registros en video, no despegan como vehículo de difusión catalogado ni en las temáticas que pudieran considerarse más afines.
Anaerobic Co-digestion of Rice Straw and Pig Manure Pretreated With a Cellulolytic Microflora: Methane Yield Evaluation and Kinetics Analysis
Authors: Zhong Bin , An Xuejiao , Shen Fei , An Weijuan , Zhang Qinghua
Published: February 2021

Agricultural wastes, such as rice straw (RS) and pig manure (PM), cause serious environmental pollution due to the non-existence of effective disposal methods. Urgent investigations are needed to explore how such wastes can be transformed into resources. In this study, we comprehensively assessed methane yield and kinetics of RS and PM anaerobic co-digestion, with or without pretreatment of a previously developed cellulolytic microflora, under conditions of their maximum organic loading rate. The anaerobic co-digestion results revealed that the cumulative methane production of RS and PM after bio-pretreatment was 342.35 ml (g-VS)−1, which is 45% higher than that of the control group [236.03 ml·(g-VS)−1]. Moreover, the kinetic analysis showed the first-order kinetic, while the modified Gompertz models revealed higher fitting properties (R2 ≥ 0.966). After bio-pretreatment, the hydrolytic constant, maximum accumulative methane production, and maximum methane production rates of RS and PM reached 0.46 day−1, 350.79 ml·(g-VS)−1, and 45.36 ml·(g-VS)−1·day−1, respectively, which were 77, 45.1, and 84.3% higher than those without pretreatment. Also, we found that the lag phase and effective methane production time after bio-pretreatment decreased from 2.43 to 1.79 days and 10.7 to 8.92 days, respectively. Upon energy balance evaluation, we reported a net energy output of 5133.02 kWh·ton−1 after bio-pretreatment. Findings from this present study demonstrated that bio-pretreatment of RS and PM mixtures with cellulolytic microflora could greatly enhance methane production and anaerobic digestion efficiency.
Microbial Production of Biodegradable Lactate-Based Polymers and Oligomeric Building Blocks From Renewable and Waste Resources
Authors: Nduko John Masani , Taguchi Seiichi
Published: February 2021

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are naturally occurring biopolymers produced by microorganisms. PHAs have become attractive research biomaterials in the past few decades owing to their extensive potential industrial applications, especially as sustainable alternatives to the fossil fuel feedstock-derived products such as plastics. Among the biopolymers are the bioplastics and oligomers produced from the fermentation of renewable plant biomass. Bioplastics are intracellularly accumulated by microorganisms as carbon and energy reserves. The bioplastics, however, can also be produced through a biochemistry process that combines fermentative secretory production of monomers and/or oligomers and chemical synthesis to generate a repertoire of biopolymers. PHAs are particularly biodegradable and biocompatible, making them a part of today’s commercial polymer industry. Their physicochemical properties that are similar to those of petrochemical-based plastics render them potential renewable plastic replacements. The design of efficient tractable processes using renewable biomass holds key to enhance their usage and adoption. In 2008, a lactate-polymerizing enzyme was developed to create new category of polyester, lactic acid (LA)–based polymer and related polymers. This review aims to introduce different strategies including metabolic and enzyme engineering to produce LA-based biopolymers and related oligomers that can act as precursors for catalytic synthesis of polylactic acid. As the cost of PHA production is prohibitive, the review emphasizes attempts to use the inexpensive plant biomass as substrates for LA-based polymer and oligomer production. Future prospects and challenges in LA-based polymer and oligomer production are also highlighted.
High-Level Patchoulol Biosynthesis in Artemisia annua L.
Authors: Fu Xueqing , Zhang Fangyuan , Ma Yanan , Hassani Danial , Peng Bowen , Pan Qifang , Zhang Yuhua , Deng Zhongxiang , Liu Wenbo , Zhang Jixiu , Han Lei , Chen Dongfang , Zhao Jingya , Li Ling , Sun Xiaofen , Tang Kexuan
Published: February 2021

Terpenes constitute the largest class of secondary metabolites in plants. Some terpenes are essential for plant growth and development, membrane components, and photosynthesis. Terpenes are also economically useful for industry, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals. However, there is very low content of most terpenes in microbes and plants. Chemical or microbial synthesis of terpenes are often costly. Plants have the elaborate and economic biosynthetic way of producing high-value terpenes through photosynthesis. Here we engineered the heterogenous sesquiterpenoid patchoulol production in A. annua. When using a strong promoter such as 35S to over express the avian farnesyl diphosphate synthase gene and patchoulol synthase gene, the highest content of patchoulol was 52.58 μg/g DW in transgenic plants. When altering the subcellular location of the introduced sesquiterpene synthetase via a signal peptide, the accumulation of patchoulol was observably increased to 273 μg/g DW. This case demonstrates that A. annua plant with glandular trichomes is a useful platform for synthetic biology studies.
Bringing a Gene-Activated Bone Substitute Into Clinical Practice: From Bench to Bedside
Authors: Bozo Ilia Y. , Drobyshev Alexey Y. , Redko Nikolay A. , Komlev Vladimir S. , Isaev Artur A. , Deev Roman V.
Published: February 2021

Bone grafting and reconstruction are still challenging in clinical practice because of the limitations of bone autografts and the drawbacks of currently approved bone substitutes. We thus developed a gene-activated bone substitute based on octacalcium phosphate and naked plasmid DNA carrying the vascular endothelial growth factor gene. This advanced combined therapy medicinal product had no cytotoxic effects in vitro, slightly decreased bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) doubling time, and was characterized by a prolonged level of gene construct delivery in vivo in a luciferase bioimaging assay. In the model of critically sized cranial bone defects in rabbits, the gene-activated matrix increased bone tissue formation through angiogenesis induction. After preclinical studies, we conducted an open-label non-randomized clinical trial (NCT03076138). The primary study outcome was the proportion of patients with newly formed bone tissue within the surgical area as measured by computed tomography within 6 months after surgery. The main secondary outcomes included frequencies of adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs) as well as the surgical failure rate. After completing the clinical trial, the patients had dental implants placed in the bone grafting area, and trephine biopsy samples were collected. In total, 20 patients with alveolar ridge atrophy (n = 16) and jaw bone defects (n = 4) were enrolled in the study. There were no AEs or SAEs during the clinical trial or the follow-up period (30 months). In all patients, newly formed tissues with a bone density of 908.13 ± 114.40 HU were detected within the zone of bone grafting. There were no significant differences between the subgroups of patients with atrophy and bone defects: 915.28 ± 125.85 and 879.56 ± 48.36 HU, respectively (p = 0.60). Histological analysis showed that the bone grafting area comprised newly formed bone tissue with some fragments of the gene-activated bone substitute partially resorbed and integrated with bone, without fibrous tissue in between. The preclinical data and clinical trial results proved the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of the investigated material for jaw bone grafting, allowing us to bring the world's first gene-activated bone substitute from bench to bedside.
Biomechanical Characterization of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Shear Stress Using Acoustic Force Spectroscopy
Authors: Silvani Giulia , Romanov Valentin , Cox Charles D. , Martinac Boris
Published: February 2021

Characterizing mechanical properties of cells is important for understanding many cellular processes, such as cell movement, shape, and growth, as well as adaptation to changing environments. In this study, we explore the mechanical properties of endothelial cells that form the biological barrier lining blood vessels, whose dysfunction leads to development of many cardiovascular disorders. Stiffness of living endothelial cells was determined by Acoustic Force Spectroscopy (AFS), by pull parallel multiple functionalized microspheres located at the cell-cell periphery. The unique configuration of the acoustic microfluidic channel allowed us to develop a long-term dynamic culture protocol exposing cells to laminar flow for up to 48 h, with shear stresses in the physiological range (i.e., 6 dyn/cm2). Two different Endothelial cells lines, Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAECs) and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs), were investigated to show the potential of this tool to capture the change in cellular mechanical properties during maturation of a confluent endothelial monolayer. Immunofluorescence microscopy was exploited to follow actin filament rearrangement and junction formation over time. For both cell types we found that the application of shear-stress promotes the typical phenotype of a mature endothelium expressing a linear pattern of VE-cadherin at the cell-cell border and actin filament rearrangement along the perimeter of Endothelial cells. A staircase-like sequence of increasing force steps, ranging from 186 pN to 3.5 nN, was then applied in a single measurement revealing the force-dependent apparent stiffness of the membrane cortex in the kPa range. We also found that beads attached to cells cultured under dynamic conditions were harder to displace than cells cultured under static conditions, showing a stiffer membrane cortex at cell periphery. All together these results demonstrate that the AFS can identify changes in cell mechanics based on force measurements of adherent cells under conditions mimicking their native microenvironment, thus revealing the shear stress dependence of the mechanical properties of neighboring endothelial cells.
Microfluidic and Organ-on-a-Chip Approaches to Investigate Cellular and Microenvironmental Contributions to Cardiovascular Function and Pathology
Authors: Doherty Elizabeth L. , Aw Wen Yih , Hickey Anthony J. , Polacheck William J.
Published: February 2021

Over the past decade, advances in microfabrication and biomaterials have facilitated the development of microfluidic tissue and organ models to address challenges with conventional animal and cell culture systems. These systems have largely been developed for human disease modeling and preclinical drug development and have been increasingly used to understand cellular and molecular mechanisms, particularly in the cardiovascular system where the characteristic mechanics and architecture are difficult to recapitulate in traditional systems. Here, we review recent microfluidic approaches to model the cardiovascular system and novel insights provided by these systems. Key features of microfluidic approaches include the ability to pattern cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) at cellular length scales and the ability to use patient-derived cells. We focus the review on approaches that have leveraged these features to explore the relationship between genetic mutations and the microenvironment in cardiovascular disease progression. Additionally, we discuss limitations and benefits of the various approaches, and conclude by considering the role further advances in microfabrication technology and biochemistry techniques play in establishing microfluidic cardiovascular disease models as central tools for understanding biological mechanisms and for developing interventional strategies.