bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CO2-Assisted synthesis of a crystalline/amorphous NiFe-MOF heterostructure for high-efficiency electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Li Yifan , Ma Wenjie , Yang Huanhuan , Tian Qingyong , Xu Qun , Han Buxing
Published: May 2022

In this work, a NiFe-MOF heterostructure composed of crystalline/amorphous MOFs is synthesized using CO2-assisted technology and exhibits excellent OER performance.
Metal-free trans-hydroboration without a B–H bond: reactions of propargyl amines with Lewis acidic boranes
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Zhou Haiyu , Wei Junhui , Liu Fei , Wang Tongdao
Published: May 2022

A new approach to previously inaccessible alkyne trans-hydroboration involving borane-mediated alkyne activation followed by intramolecular hydride transfer is described.
Efficient calculation of protein–ligand binding free energy using GFN methods: the power of the cluster model
Authors: Chen Yuan-qiang , Sheng Yan-jing , Ma Yu-qiang , Ding Hong-ming
Published: May 2022

The present study highlights the power of GFN methods with the cluster model in calculating the protein–ligand binding free energy.
Bioinspired and biomimetic MXene-based structures with fascinating properties: recent advances
Authors: Iravani Siavash , Varma Rajender S.
Published: May 2022

Recent advances pertaining to bioinspired/biomimetic MXenes and MXene-centered structures are discussed, with a focus on important outcomes and future directions.
Morin encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (MCNPs) ameliorate arsenic induced liver damage through improvement of the antioxidant system and prevention of apoptosis and inflammation in mice
Authors: Mondal Sanchaita , Das Sujata , Mahapatra Pradip Kumar , Saha Krishna Das
Published: May 2022

Chronic exposure to arsenic over a period of time induces toxicity, primarily in the liver but gradually in all systems of the body.
Correction: Modifying the magnetic response of magnetotactic bacteria: incorporation of Gd and Tb ions into the magnetosome structure
Authors: Jefremovas E. M. , Gandarias L. , Marcano L. , Gacía-Prieto A. , Orue I. , Muela A. , Fdez-Gubieda M. L. , Barquín L. Fernández , Alonso J.
Published: May 2022

Correction for ‘Modifying the magnetic response of magnetotactic bacteria: incorporation of Gd and Tb ions into the magnetosome structure’ by E. M. Jefremovas et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2na00094f.
An oxidized alginate linked tough conjoined-network hydrogel with self-healing and conductive properties for strain sensing
Authors: Ding Fuyuan , Dong Yifan , Wu Ruike , Fu Lin , Tang Wei , Zhang Roujia , Zheng Kaiyi , Wu Shuping , Zou Xiaobo
Published: May 2022

Self-healing and conductive conjoined-network hydrogels can be used as strain sensors.
Cracking enabled unclonability in colloidal crystal patterns authenticated with computer vision
Authors: Li Yuhuan , Mao Yexin , Wang Jiahui , Liu Zhiwei , Jia Pan , Wu Na , Yu Haitao , Wang Jinqiao , Song Yanlin , Zhou Jinming
Published: May 2022

The first physically-unclonable colloidal-crystal pattern enabled by the random micro-cracks, which are verifiable with convenient and accurate computer vision, has been demonstrated.
Tunable gold nanorod/NAO conjugates for selective drug delivery in mitochondria-targeted cancer therapy
Authors: González-Rubio Sergio , Salgado Cástor , Manzaneda-González Vanesa , Muñoz-Úbeda Mónica , Ahijado-Guzmán Rubén , Natale Paolo , Almendro-Vedia Víctor G. , Junquera Elena , Barcina José Osío , Ferrer Irene , Guerrero-Martínez Andrés , Paz-Ares Luis , López-Montero Iván
Published: May 2022

Nano-conjugates composed of gold nanorods and nonyl acridine orange (NAO) derivatives were built as a novel approach for mitochondria targeted-cancer therapy.
State-of-the-art accounts of hyperpolarized 15N-labeled molecular imaging probes for magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging
Authors: Park Hyejin , Wang Qiu
Published: May 2022

This review presents a current account of hyperpolarized 15N-labeled molecular imaging probes, as well as insights on their advantages and challenges to advance future development of 15N-based probes and their applications in MRS/MRI.
Cold-catalytic antitumor immunity with pyroelectric black phosphorus nanosheets
Authors: Wu Xianbo , Wen Mei , Zou Yuyan , Gao Xinyu , Wei Chuanwan , Liu Renyu , Li Jianghua , Wang Long , Li Xilong , Liu You-Nian , Chen Wansong
Published: May 2022

Cold-catalytic nanomedicine and the concept of cold-catalytic immunotherapy are explored with black phosphorus as a model cold catalyst.
Quaternary ammonium halide-containing cellulose derivatives for defect passivation in MAPbI3-based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Du Chi-Shiuan , Ho I.-Hsiu , Huang Yi-Jou , Lee Rong-Ho
Published: May 2022

Quaternary ammonium halide-containing cellulose derivatives for defect passivation in MAPbI3-based perovskite solar cells.
Applying Appraisal Tools in Aphasia Systematic Reviews: A Tutorial
Authors: Patterson Janet P. , Raymer Anastasia M.
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

A systematic review (SR) represents a rigorous process of identifying and summarizing current research to answer specific clinical questions. Not all SRs present high-quality information, because they do not adhere to established standards of conduct or reporting. This tutorial aims to (a) describe two tools developed in epidemiology for reporting (PRISMA 2020; Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and appraising (AMSTAR 2; A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) SRs and (b) exemplify the use of AMSTAR 2.

First, we describe the intents of PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR 2 and compare the items on each checklist. Next, we apply the AMSTAR 2 list of domains to critically appraise methodological quality in two randomly selected SRs, which describe aphasia treatment. Appraisal results are reported, including the AMSTAR 2 ratings for overall confidence in the results of each review. For each SR, the overall rating was
critically low
, indicating that within the seven critical domains of AMSTAR 2, the SR had more than one critical weakness.

Conclusions:

While PRISMA 2020 is a tool to guide preparation of SRs, to examine SR quality, the AMSTAR 2 is the tool of choice. Applied to two current aphasia treatment SRs, the AMSTAR 2 demonstrates that although both SRs were thorough, thoughtful summaries of a body of aphasia treatment literature, they did not achieve high ratings for methodological quality. Clinicians reading SRs are advised to familiarize themselves with quality assessment tools to assure that an SR meets expected criteria to document internal and external validity of the SR process, so resulting findings can be confidently applied for patients with aphasia.
A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists' Use of Patient Medication Information for Patients With Dysphagia
Authors: Lawton Jolene , AlDuraiby Abrar , Terhorst Lauren , Leslie Paula
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

Medications can produce side effects that negatively impact swallowing and cognition. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who know which medications their patients are taking are able to consider the potential impact of medication side effects on their patient's swallow function and progress in therapy. The goal of this investigation was to gain preliminary information on how often SLPs report that they review a patient's medications as part of their standard practice, as well as the most common reasons for not reviewing patient medications.

Method:

A 10-item online questionnaire was distributed to practicing SLPs to collect information regarding their clinical experience, patient caseload, and whether they routinely review patient medications. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine which variables were associated with medication review.

Results:

Responses were received from 205 SLPs. Approximately half reported “always” reviewing patient medications (
n
= 116). The most frequent reason given for not reviewing medications was lack of pharmacology training. The results indicated that SLPs with 15 years or more of experience were nearly 3 times more likely to review medications than SLPs with less experience. Not all Special Interest Groups participated in the distribution of the survey.

Conclusions:

Many SLPs reported that they did not consistently check patient medications as part of a patient evaluation. Of concern is the possibility that SLPs do not realize the importance of medication knowledge. Clinicians may gain familiarity with the medications and understanding of the impact that medications have on their patients as they accrue clinical experience. Future research should investigate the best ways to promote knowledge of this topic in new clinicians.
High power green picosecond laser and high efficiency ultraviolet femtosecond laser through second harmonic generation using K3B6O10Br crystal
Authors: Tang Guangxin , Yan Xin , Zhang Min , Luan Zhihao , Li Hongfeng , Zhang Qiulin , Zhang Ling , Wang Lirong
Published: May 2022

We demonstrated high power green picosecond (ps) laser and high efficiency ultraviolet (UV) femtosecond (fs) laser through second harmonic generation (SHG) using type I phase-matched K3B6O10Br (KBOB) nonlinear optical crystals. The green ps laser was generated by using a homemade high power 1064 nm ps laser as the pump source. When the pump power was 28.2 W with a repetition rate of 800 kHz, 14.2 W ps green laser was obtained with the maximum optical conversion efficiency of 50.4%. When the pump power was 85.2 W with a repetition rate of 800 kHz, the maximum output power of 41.8 W of ps green laser was achieved with an optical conversion efficiency of 49.1%. During the UV fs laser generation, a 710 nm fs laser with a repetition rate of 1 kHz was used to pump the KBOB crystal. When the pump power of 710 nm laser was 54 mW, the 355 nm UV fs laser was obtained with output power of 18 mW and optical conversion efficiency of 33.3%. The experimental results show that the KBOB crystal is a highly qualified candidate for the application in generating high power ultrafast green and UV lasers.
Manifestation eines Typ-1-Diabetes verzögern?
Authors: Bonifacio Ezio , Gemulla Gita
Published: May 2022

Typ-1-Diabetes hat eine präsymptomatische Phase, die durch den Nachweis von Inselautoantikörpern diagnostiziert werden kann. Dabei werden das Stadium 1 (> 1 Inselautoantikörper ohne Dysglykämie) und Stadium 2 (> 1 Inselautoantikörper mit Dysglykämie) unterschieden. Eine Anti-CD3-Therapie kann den fortschreitenden Verlust der Betazellfunktion nach Manifestation verlangsamen. Kürzlich wurde zudem gezeigt, dass eine 14-tägige Behandlung mit dem monoklonalen Anti-CD3-Antikörper Teplizumab die Manifestation eines Typ-1-Diabetes bei Menschen mit präsymptomatischem Diabetes im Stadium 2 um durchschnittlich fast 3 Jahre verzögern kann. Diese Therapie ist nun bei den zuständigen Behörden eingereicht worden und wir erwarten die erste offiziell zugelassene Therapie zur Prävention eines Typ-1-Diabetes.
Impact of antithrombotic drugs on the accuracy of fecal occult blood testing for advanced colorectal neoplasia screening: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Pang Shu-jie , Lin Zhi-peng , Sun Zhe , Zhang Yu , Yuan Zhen-gang , Yang Ning
Published: May 2022

Background The current meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether antithrombotic drug use would affect the diagnostic accuracy of fecal occult blood testing for advanced colorectal neoplasia.

Methods Articles published between 2000 and 2019 were systematically retrieved and screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria by two reviewers independently. Pooled analyses were conducted with a fixed-effect model if no apparent heterogeneity (I2 ≥ 50%) was found between studies; otherwise, the random effects model would be used. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were also conducted using Review Manager 5.3.

Results Pooled analysis revealed that aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were associated with a decrease in the positive predictive value of fecal occult blood testing for advanced colorectal neoplasia screening, with a RR of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84–0.94) and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.84–0.93, p<0.001) respectively. Subgroup analysis based on data limited to high-quality studies, fecal immunochemical testing, or in Caucasians also showed that the use of aspirin/NSAID drugs decreased the accuracy for advanced colorectal neoplasia screening.

Conclusion Aspirin/NSAIDs and direct oral anticoagulants rather than warfarin may decrease the diagnostic accuracy of fecal occult blood testing for advanced colorectal neoplasia screening.
Auswirkungen der COVID-19 Pandemie auf die urologische Weiterbildung in Deutschland
Authors: Aksoy Cem , Reimold Philipp , Borgmann Hendrik , Kölker Mara , Cebulla Angelika , Struck Julian Peter , Zehe Viktor , Nestler Tim , von Landenberg Nicolas , Uhlig Annemarie , Boehm Katharina , Leitsmann Marianne
Published: May 2022

Hintergrund Publikationen verschiedenster medizinischer Fachgesellschaften und Länder weisen auf einen negativen Einfluss der COVID-19 Pandemie auf die Weiterbildung von Ärzten hin.

Fragestellung Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Weiterbildungssituation
urologischer Assistenzärzte in Deutschland während der 1. Welle der Pandemie zu
erfassen.

Material und Methoden Vom 20.05.2020 bis 20.06.2020 wurde eine
deutschlandweite Onlineumfrage zur Weiterbildungssituation über die Mitglieder der
Arbeitsgruppe Versorgungsforschung & Soziale Medien des Forschungsnetzwerkes GeSRU
Academics, über soziale Netzwerke (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram) und den monatlichen
Newsletter der German Society of Residents in Urology (GeSRU e.V.) an die Zielgruppe der
urologischen Assistenzärzte verteilt. Die Umfrage erfasste 3 Teilbereiche: 1)
Grundcharakteristika der Teilnehmer, 2) genereller und 3) subjektiver Einfluss der COVID-19
Pandemie auf Klinik und Weiterbildung.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt nahmen 50 Assistenzärzte an der Umfrage teil,
davon waren 54% Frauen. Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 30,9 Jahre. Die meisten Teilnehmer
befanden sich im 2. (22%) sowie im 5. (26%) Ausbildungsjahr und arbeiteten in einer
Universitätsklinik (44%) oder in einem Haus der Maximalversorgung (30%) in Baden-Württemberg
(18%), Hamburg (16%) oder Bayern (14%). 38% der Befragten gaben an, aufgrund der COVID-19
Pandemie nur noch im Notfallbetrieb zu arbeiten. Für 28% bedeutete dies eine sehr starke
Verzögerung (80-100%) der Facharztausbildung, während weitere 28% nur eine geringe
Einschränkung angaben. 66% dokumentierten Beeinträchtigungen der Ausbildung aufgrund eines
reduzierten OP-Einsatzes, weniger Einsätzen in der Ambulanz (50%) sowie der Absage von
Kongressen (50%) und Weiterbildungen (44%). 46% der Befragten gaben direkten Kontakt zu
COVID-19 Patienten an. 10% wurden fachfremd auf interdisziplinären Überwachungsstationen
eingesetzt. Insgesamt wurden zahlreiche Schritte zum „physical distancing“ und
Hygienemaßnahmen von den Kliniken umgesetzt, um Infektionsausbreitungen zu vermeiden.

Diskussion Mehr als die Hälfte (56%) der urologischen Assistenzärzte gaben deutliche Einschränkungen in der Weiterbildung durch die COVID-19 Pandemie an. Die Verzögerung der Ausbildung lässt sich aktuell noch nicht in Zeiteinheiten messen, es ist jedoch anzunehmen, dass die Weiterbildung für Ärzte während der Pandemie eine geringere Qualität im Vergleich zu vorausgehenden Generationen haben dürfte.
Polyoxometalate–Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Ritter Reaction for Efficient Synthesis of Amides
Authors: Zhang Lan-Cui , Gao Shuang , Zhang Lei , Chen Bo , He Peipei , Li Guosong
Published: May 2022

A series of polyoxometalate-ionic liquid catalysts that combine the features of a polyoxometalate and an ionic liquid, with the introduction of acidity and miscibility, have been developed to promote the Ritter reaction. Among them, [BSmim]CuPW12O40 [BSmim = 1-methyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium] displayed the highest activity for the amidation of a variety of alcohols with nitriles, delivering the corresponding amide products in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the reaction can be easily scaled up to a gram scale without losing eﬃciency. This process therefore provides an appealing way to prepare amides by a Ritter reaction using a polyoxometalate–ionic liquid-based catalyst.
Frailty as a Predictor of Complications and Transplant-Free Survival after Transarterial Chemoembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Rabei Rana , Vakil Parmede , King Bradley , Lokken R. Peter , Heller Michael , Fidelman Nicholas , Kohi Maureen
Published: May 2022

Purpose To determine the association between frailty, 30-day complications, rehospitalization, and transplant-free survival (TFS) following conventional and drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization.

Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on a cohort of 125 patients with treatment-naïve hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent conventional or drug-eluting beads chemoembolization at our institution between 2014 and 2015. Liver function parameters, Barcelona clinic liver cancer tumor stage, and all components of the five-item modified frailty index (mFI-5) were used to determine the patient's frailty status. Key end points included severe (grade 3 or above) adverse events of chemoembolization, 30-day rehospitalization rates, and TFS. Logistic regression analysis was performed on conventional predictors of postoperative complications after chemoembolization. Median survival was estimated and compared using the Kaplan–Meier's estimator and log-rank test.

Results Among 125 patients who underwent first-time chemoembolization, higher frailty score was an independent predictor of both 30-day hospital readmission and severe liver toxicity (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively) on multivariate logistic regression analysis. Each point increase in mFI-5 conferred a threefold or twofold increase in the risk of experiencing 30-day rehospitalization or postoperative severe adverse events, respectively. At the data censor date, patients with mFI-5 score ≥ 2 had decreased overall TFS (28.1 vs. 39.8 months, p = 0.03).

Conclusion Increasing frailty as determined by mFI-5 is an independent predictor of 30-day complications and lower TFS following chemoembolization.
Childhood Brucellosis: A Single-Center Experience from the Central Mediterranean Region of Turkey
Authors: Salman Hakan , Akçam Füsun Zeynep , Arslan Müjgan , Atar Müge , Keskin Mahmut , Akçam Mustafa
Published: May 2022

Objective Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease in developing countries, which can occur with varying clinical findings and cause complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate cases diagnosed with brucellosis that were followed up in our clinic over the last 10 years.

Methods A retrospective evaluation was made of cases diagnosed with brucellosis and then followed up and treated as inpatients or outpatients in our clinic between January 2011 and 2021. Patient data were obtained from the hospital automated records system.

Results This study included 81 cases comprising 43 (53.1%) males and 38 (46.9%) females with a mean age of 10.7 ± 4.5 years (range, 13 months–18 years). There was a history of consuming unpasteurized milk and/or dairy products in 69 (85.2%) patients, living in a rural location in 66 (81.3%), and the family keeping livestock in 49 (60.5%) cases; there was a family history of brucellosis in 31 (38.3%) cases. The most common complaint at presentation was joint pain in 71.6%, the most common finding on physical examination was fever (59.3%), and the most common laboratory finding was elevated C-reactive protein (71.6% of cases). Brucella spp. were isolated from 12 of 43 patients who had blood cultures performed. Complications occurred in 33 (40.7%) cases, most commonly involving the osteoarticular system.

Conclusion Priority should be given to family education about not consuming raw animal products. Animals should be checked, vaccinated, and treated with a multidisciplinary approach. Until the clinical condition in endemic areas is proven to be due to a different cause, patients should be examined with the suspicion that any clinical finding may be due to brucellosis.
Clinical Outcomes of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Graduates with Bridled Nasogastric Feeding Tubes
Authors: McBride Elizabeth B. , Lasarev Michael R. , O'Connell Daniel M. , Limjoco Jamie J.
Published: May 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to describe clinical outcomes of bridled nasogastric tube (NGT) program implementation for infants requiring assisted home feeding (AHF) to discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Study Design This was a descriptive prospective analysis of a pilot cohort of infants after implementation of a bridled NGT AHF program to facilitate discharge from level III and IV NICUs from March 2019 to October 2020.

Results Of 29 attempts in infants, 22 infants were discharged with bridled NGTs over 18 months. Bridle placement was unsuccessful in three patients, and four bridles were removed before discharge. Bridle use ranged from 7 to 125 days, with a median duration of 37 days. Dislodgement rate was 0.69 per 100 days. Seventeen infants (77%) achieved full oral feeds, while five (23%) discharged with bridled NGTs later converted to gastrostomy tubes.

Conclusion Implementation of a bridled NGT program is feasible for level III and IV NICUs to facilitate discharging infants who require feeding support to transition home.

Key Points
Bringing traditional electron microscopy to the quantum limit
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: May 2022

Quantum metrology partners with electron microscopy to increase imaging sensitivity and reduce sample damage.
Trap dynamics of hot electrons in metal–insulator–metal plasmonic structures for ultra-fast optoelectronics
Authors: Goudarzi Abbas , Behpour Sahar , Sundararaman Ravishankar , Garcia Oscar N. , Rostovtsev Yuri
Published: May 2022

We have calculated the time constants of the electron dynamics in traps in a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) plasmonic structure. Because of electron relaxation in metal, the surface plasmon polaritons decays into hot electrons near the surface of the metal, which facilitates the trap of electrons in the interfacial layer of the dielectric. We have calculated the capture and emission times separately as the electron does not follow the same mechanisms with the capture process when it is emitted from a trap at the metal/oxide interface. We have developed a quasi-two-dimensional treatment that has been modified from a previously used semiconductor/oxide junction by using Bardeen’s function to calculate the capture time. Various parameters including trap’s distance from the interface, temperature, voltage bias, and spectral nature of the hot electrons’ energy distribution influence the interaction between a plasmonic hot electron and a neutral near-interface trap in the capture process. On the one hand, the emission time is independent of the capture time, and it is determined by the tunneling time to the metal depending on the temperature and the energy difference between the trap energy levels (ground and excited states). We have showed that a wide range of capture times from seconds to picoseconds is possible for an interfacial trap at the room temperature due to the spectral energy distribution of hot electrons and dependence of the capture process on the losses in metals. On the other hand, the temperature plays the dominant role in the emission time. For the trap with 250 meV energy difference between its levels, the emission time is in the range of picosecond at room temperature. Therefore, the MIM plasmonic device can respond to a wide range of ac voltage frequencies including the ultra-fast domain. These interesting findings are useful to understand the ac response of the MIM plasmonic devices with applications in integrated photonics and ultra-fast optoelectronics.
Conditional Gaussian nonlinear system: A fast preconditioner and a cheap surrogate model for complex nonlinear systems
Authors: Chen Nan , Li Yingda , Liu Honghu
Published: May 2022

Developing suitable approximate models for analyzing and simulating complex nonlinear systems is practically important. This paper aims at exploring the skill of a rich class of nonlinear stochastic models, known as the conditional Gaussian nonlinear system (CGNS), as both a cheap surrogate model and a fast preconditioner for facilitating many computationally challenging tasks. The CGNS preserves the underlying physics to a large extent and can reproduce intermittency, extreme events, and other non-Gaussian features in many complex systems arising from practical applications. Three interrelated topics are studied. First, the closed analytic formulas of solving the conditional statistics provide an efficient and accurate data assimilation scheme. It is shown that the data assimilation skill of a suitable CGNS approximate forecast model outweighs that by applying an ensemble method even to the perfect model with strong nonlinearity, where the latter suffers from filter divergence. Second, the CGNS allows the development of a fast algorithm for simultaneously estimating the parameters and the unobserved variables with uncertainty quantification in the presence of only partial observations. Utilizing an appropriate CGNS as a preconditioner significantly reduces the computational cost in accurately estimating the parameters in the original complex system. Finally, the CGNS advances rapid and statistically accurate algorithms for computing the probability density function and sampling the trajectories of the unobserved state variables. These fast algorithms facilitate the development of an efficient and accurate data-driven method for predicting the linear response of the original system with respect to parameter perturbations based on a suitable CGNS preconditioner.
Estimating the economic impacts of improved wind speed forecasts in the United States electricity sector
Authors: Jeon Hwayoung , Hartman Brad , Cutler Harvey , Hill Rebecca , Hu Yuchen , Lu Tao , Shields Martin , Turner David D.
Published: May 2022

Each year the U.S. government makes significant investments in improving weather forecast models. In this paper, we use a multidisciplinary approach to examine how utilities can benefit from improved wind-speed forecasts to more efficiently use wind-generated electricity and subsequently increase economic activity. Specifically, we examine how improvements to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's high-resolution rapid refresh model (HRRR) wind forecasts can provide (1) cost savings for utilities and (2) increase in real household income. To do so, we compare 12-h-ahead wind forecasts with real-time observations for two HRRR model transitions (i.e., when one model is operational, the other is being tested). We compare estimates of actual and predicted wind power under the publicly available and developmental models, with reduced forecast errors allowing for better utility decision-making and lower production costs. We then translate potential cost savings into electricity price changes, which are entered as exogenous shocks to eight regional computable general equilibrium models constructed for the U.S. Overall, we find that households would have seen a potential $60 million increase in real income for our sample (13% of all contiguous U.S. land-based turbine capacity), which had the updated HRRR models been in place during the two transition periods; applying our estimated savings for the sample of turbines to the entire array of turbines shows a potential real household income increase in approximately $384 million during these time frames.
Effective magnetic path length in Epstein frame test of electrical steels
Authors: Chen Du-Xing , Zhu Yong-Hong
Published: May 2022

The effective magnetic path length lm for a 25 cm Epstein frame test is studied on the basis of a relevant demagnetizing model and determined by a comparative measurement of dc and ac hysteresis loops at each value of peak flux density Bp, with the field recorded by H-coils placed above the mid-section of the limbs or calculated from the magnetizing current. The obtained Bp and frequency dependences of lm for testing core loss Ps and peak field Hp of an electrical steel are explained in terms of differential susceptibility along the measured loops and demagnetizing and eddy-current effects on local magnetization processes.
Production of high fluence laser beams using ion wave plasma optics
Authors: Kirkwood R. K. , Poole P. L. , Kalantar D. H. , Chapman T. D. , Wilks S. C. , Edwards M. R. , Turnbull D. P. , Michel P. , Divol L. , Fisch N. J. , Norreys P. , Rozmus W. , Bude J. , Blue B. E. , Fournier K. B. , Van Wonterghem B. M. , MacKinnon A.
Published: May 2022

Optical components for laser beams with high peak and averaged powers are being developed worldwide using stimulated plasma scattering that occurs when plasmas interact with intense, coherent light. After decades of pursuit of pulse compressors, mirrors, and other plasma based components that can be created by stimulated scattering from electron density perturbations forming on ultra-short time scales (e.g., via Stimulated Raman Scattering), more recent work has produced optical components on longer time scales allowing ion motion as well [via Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS)]. In the most recent work, ion wave plasma optics have had success in producing pulses of focusable coherent light with high energy and fluence by operating on ns time scales and now promise to enable numerous applications. Experiments have further shown that in some parameter regimes, even simple plasma response models can describe the output of such optics with sufficient accuracy that they can be used as engineering tools to design plasma optics for future applications, as is already being done to control power deposition in fusion targets. In addition, the development of more sophisticated models promises to enable still higher performance from SBS driven plasma optical components under a wider range of conditions. The present status and most promising directions for future development of ion wave plasma optic techniques are discussed here.
Data-driven nonlinear reduced-order modeling of unsteady fluid–structure interactions
Authors: Zhang Xinshuai , Ji Tingwei , Xie Fangfang , Zheng Changdong , Zheng Yao
Published: May 2022

A novel data-driven nonlinear reduced-order modeling framework is proposed for unsteady fluid–structure interactions (FSIs). In the proposed framework, a convolutional variational autoencoder model is developed to determine the coordinate transformation from a high-dimensional physical field into a reduced space. This enables the efficient extraction of nonlinear low-dimensional manifolds from the high-dimensional unsteady flow field of the FSIs. The sparse identification of a nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) algorithm is then used to identify the dynamical governing equations of the reduced space and the vibration responses. To investigate and validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework for modeling and predicting unsteady flow fields in FSI problems, the two-dimensional laminar vortex shedding of a fixed cylinder is considered. Furthermore, the proposed data-driven nonlinear reduced-order modeling framework is applied to the three-dimensional vortex-induced vibration of a flexible cylinder. Using the SINDy model to analyze the vibration responses, the dynamics of the flexible cylinder are found to be correlated with the flow wake patterns, revealing the underlying FSI mechanism. The present work is a significant step toward the establishment of machine learning-based nonlinear reduced-order models for complex flow phenomena, the discovery of underlying unsteady FSI physics, and real-time flow control.
Highly sensitive and robust refractometric sensing by magnetic dipole of Si nanodisks
Authors: Xu Rongyang , Takahara Junichi
Published: May 2022

Silicon metasurfaces have been attracting interest in the sensing field because of their ability to support magnetic Mie resonance, low optical heating, and CMOS-compatible fabrication processes. Herein, we demonstrate that the sensitivity of the magnetic dipole (MD) mode for nanodisk Mie resonators (as high as 385 nm/RIU) is similar to the sensitivity of plasmonic metasurfaces and greater than that of the electric dipole (ED) mode of nanodisk Mie resonators. We also engineer the thickness of Mie resonators to achieve an MD-mode linewidth as small as 0.56 nm and a figure of merit greater than 160 RIU−1. The measured sensitivity of the MD mode is more accurate than that of the ED mode, which is more prone than the MD mode to measurement errors arising from the partial filling of the liquid. Our study paves the way for the development of MD-mode-based dielectric biosensors for use in personal healthcare and medical diagnosis.
Effects of heat stress on
Authors: Amini A. , Pirmohammadi R. , Khalilvandi-Behroozyar H. , Mazaheri-Khameneh R.
Published: May 2022

Context Interest in studying heat stress (HS) has increased significantly due to the problems associated with increasing global warming. Heat stress has very destructive effects on the health and performance of livestock. Aims Our objective was to investigate the effects of heat stress on in vivo and in vitro ruminal metabolism in fat-tailed Iranian sheep. Methods Fourteen intact non-lactating and non-pregnant mature fat-tailed Makoei ewes (67.5 ± 2.5 kg BW) were kept indoors for 24 h/day and randomly assigned to HS (33.0–41.0°C and a temperature–humidity index (THI) of ≥83 for 24 h/day) or thermoneutral (TN; 24.5 ± 2.3°C and a THI of 66.1 ± 2.5) condition in two consecutive experimental periods. At the end of first experimental period, the animals in each group were exchanged with another group. The ewes were fed a total mixed ration two times a day, composed of lucerne hay (33%) and corn silage (1:2) to meet their maintenance metabolisable energy and protein requirements. Key results HS ewes had lower dry-matter (DM) intake than did TN ewes (P < 0.05). HS increased the in vivo DM, organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (P < 0.05), but crude protein digestibility was not affected. Total volatile fatty acid concentration and pH were not affected by HS. However, propionate molar percentage was increased and N-NH3 concentration was decreased by HS. In vitro gas production of three different tested feeds was lower in rumen fluid collected from HS than that from TN group, but DM and OM digestibility and methane emission were decreased only in the case of Orchard grass (P < 0.05). Conclusions and implications In general, HS had detrimental effects on DM intake and in vitro nutrient digestibility but increased in vivo nutrient digestibility, and changed microbial population.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus: an Australian perspective
Authors: Hedges Claire E.
Published: May 2022

A recent outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus following consumption of South Australian oysters has brought to the forefront an increasing hazard for the Australian oyster industry and consumers. Vibrio pathogens have been sparsely implicated in illnesses in Australia; however, rising sea temperatures and varied weather conditions delivered by climate change could be driving the increased prevalence of these pathogens in our oyster growing regions. This is a brief overview of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the risk it presents to our industry and consumers, and an insight into the limitations involved with detection and identification of the pathogen in foods.
The food microbiological analyst: pairing tradition with the future
Authors: Bramwell Prudence , Clarke Dean , de Silva Thishakya
Published: May 2022

Choosing methods for the detection, isolation and identification of foodborne pathogens or spoilage microorganisms from foodstuffs is a complex task. Although there are standard food microbiology methods available around the world, many have changed little in decades, while some tests take many days to perform. The use of automated technologies, genomics and rapid methods are now replacing many traditional tests. Food microbiology analysts need to understand the underlying science and limitations of these methods for food analysis and the crucial importance of validation protocols for correct results reported to customers. This article discusses the current status of food microbiology analysis in commercial laboratories, what the future food microbiology analytic laboratory looks like, and the education changes that may be required to become a future food microbiology analyst.
DNA barcoding and metabarcoding of highly diverse aquatic mites (Acarina) can improve their use in routine biological monitoring
Authors: Carew Melissa E. , Yow Wen Kyle , Robinson Katie L. , Coleman Rhys A. , Hoffmann Ary A.
Published: May 2022

Context Acarina are commonly collected in macroinvertebrate surveys used to monitor freshwater ecosystems. However, they can be difficult to identify morphologically requiring considerable taxonomic skill for identification to finer taxonomic levels. Therefore, in biomonitoring they are identified to subclass despite high species diversity and varied environmental responses. DNA barcoding individuals and DNA metabarcoding of bulk samples enables species to be accurately and routinely identified. However, poor DNA barcode coverage of Australian aquatic mites has hampered their use in DNA studies. Aims Here, we aim to generate DNA barcodes for mites from Greater Melbourne, Australia. Key results For many specimens, we link DNA barcodes to genus-level morphological identifications using genetic analysis of DNA barcodes to understand biodiversity. We then test if new DNA barcodes can improve identification of mites in samples processed with DNA metabarcoding. We found Australian aquatic mites showed high diversity with many DNA barcodes represented by single specimens. Conclusions Increased mite DNA barcode library coverage improved their detection using DNA metabarcoding. Implications Given high species diversity, much effort will be required to improve DNA barcode coverage for aquatic mites in Australia and integrate barcodes with species level taxonomy, allowing Acarina to be better incorporated into DNA-based biological monitoring.
Chronic frames of social inequality: How mainstream media frame race, gender, and wealth inequality
Authors: Jun Sora , Chow Rosalind M. , van der Veen A. Maurits , Bleich Erik
Published: May 2022

Significance

How social inequality is described—as advantage or disadvantage—critically shapes individuals’ responses to it. As such, it is important to document how people, in fact, choose to describe inequality. Using multiple methods and research contexts, we find that race and gender inequalities are chronically described as subordinate groups’ disadvantages, whereas wealth inequality is chronically described using no frame or as the dominant group’s advantage. Moreover, these differences in chronic frames are related to the perceived legitimacy of the inequality domain. The presence of such chronic frames and their association with perceived legitimacy may be mechanisms underlying the systematic inattention to White individuals’ and men’s advantages, and the disadvantages of the working class.
Population interconnectivity over the past 120,000 years explains distribution and diversity of Central African hunter-gatherers
Authors: Padilla-Iglesias Cecilia , Atmore Lane M. , Olivero Jesús , Lupo Karen , Manica Andrea , Arango Isaza Epifanía , Vinicius Lucio , Migliano Andrea Bamberg
Published: May 2022

Significance

We combined ethnographic, archaeological, genetic, and paleoclimatic data to model the dynamics of Central African hunter-gatherer populations over the past 120,000 years. We show, against common assumptions, that their distribution and density are explained by changing environments rather than by a displacement following recent farming expansions, and that they have maintained large population sizes and genetic diversity, despite fluctuations in niche availability. Our results provide insights into the evolution of genetic and cultural diversity in
Homo sapiens
.
An aggregation inhibitor specific to oligomeric intermediates of Aβ42 derived from phage display libraries of stable, small proteins
Authors: Linse Sara , Sormanni Pietro , O’Connell David J.
Published: May 2022

Significance

Alzheimer’s disease affects a growing number of people, but a cure is lacking. The disease is connected to the formation of plaques in the brain, the first of which appear years before the first symptoms. Current approaches fail to stop or revert the propagation of these plaques, which are also a source of neurotoxic species in the form of oligomers. This work represents two directions toward therapeutic developments: 1) the design and production of protein libraries based on a small and stable scaffold, and 2) the realization of a screening procedure that allows for the identification of oligomer binders. The approach is successful in identifying a candidate protein that binds to oligomers and reduces the rate of plaque proliferation.
Impact of natural selection on global patterns of genetic variation and association with clinical phenotypes at genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Zhang Chao , Verma Anurag , Feng Yuanqing , Melo Marcelo C. R. , McQuillan Michael , Hansen Matthew , Lucas Anastasia , Park Joseph , Ranciaro Alessia , Thompson Simon , Rubel Meagan A. , Campbell Michael C. , Beggs William , Hirbo Jibril , Wata Mpoloka Sununguko , George Mokone Gaonyadiwe ,   Regeneron Genetic Center, Nyambo Thomas , Wolde Meskel Dawit , Belay Gurja , Fokunang Charles , Njamnshi Alfred K. , Omar Sabah A. , Williams Scott M. , Rader Daniel J. , Ritchie Marylyn D. , de la Fuente-Nunez Cesar , Sirugo Giorgio , Tishkoff Sarah A. , Abecasis Goncalo , Baras Aris , Cantor Michael , Coppola Giovanni , Economides Aris , Lotta Luca A. , Overton John D. , Reid Jeffrey G. , Shuldiner Alan , Beechert Christina , Forsythe Caitlin , Fuller Erin D. , Gu Zhenhua , Lattari Michael , Lopez Alexander , Overton John D. , Schleicher Thomas D. , Padilla Maria Sotiropoulos , Widom Louis , Wolf Sarah E. , Pradhan Manasi , Manoochehri Kia , Ulloa Ricardo H. , Banerjee Nilanjana , Cantor Michael , Li Dadong , Sharma Deepika , Bai Xiaodong , Balasubramanian Suganthi , Blumenfeld Andrew , Boutkov Boris , Eom Gisu , Habegger Lukas , Hawes Alicia , Khalid Shareef , Krasheninina Olga , Lanche Rouel , Mansfield Adam J. , Maxwell Evan K. , Nafde Mrunali , O’Keeffe Sean , Orelus Max , Panea Razvan , Polanco Tommy , Rasool Ayesha , Reid Jeffrey G. , Salerno William , Staples Jeffrey C. , Jones Marcus B. , LeBlanc Michelle , Mitnaul Lyndon J.
Published: May 2022

Significance

Viruses are strong sources of natural selection pressure during human evolutionary history. Investigating genetic diversity and detecting signatures of natural selection at host genes related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection help to identify functionally important variation. We conducted a large study of global genomic variation at host genes that play a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection with a focus on underrepresented African populations. We identified nonsynonymous and regulatory variants at
ACE2
that appear to be targets of recent natural selection in some African populations. We detected evidence of ancient adaptive evolution at
TMPRSS2
in the human lineage. Genetic variants that are targets of natural selection are associated with clinical phenotypes common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.
ATP spreads inflammation to other limbs through crosstalk between sensory neurons and interneurons
Authors: Hasebe Rie , Murakami Kaoru , Harada Masaya , Halaka Nada , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Kawano Fuminori , Ohira Yoshinobu , Kawamoto Tadafumi , Yull Fiona E. , Blackwell Timothy S. , Nio-Kobayashi Junko , Iwanaga Toshihiko , Watanabe Masahiko , Watanabe Nobuhiro , Hotta Harumi , Yamashita Toshihide , Kamimura Daisuke , Tanaka Yuki , Murakami Masaaki
Published: May 2022

Neural circuits between lesions are one mechanism through which local inflammation spreads to remote positions. Here, we show the inflammatory signal on one side of the joint is spread to the other side via sensory neuron–interneuron crosstalk, with ATP at the core. Surgical ablation or pharmacological inhibition of this neural pathway prevented inflammation development on the other side. Mechanistic analysis showed that ATP serves as both a neurotransmitter and an inflammation enhancer, thus acting as an intermediary between the local inflammation and neural pathway that induces inflammation on the other side. These results suggest blockade of this neural pathway, which is named the remote inflammation gateway reflex, may have therapeutic value for inflammatory diseases, particularly those, such as rheumatoid arthritis, in which inflammation spreads to remote positions.
Imaging of simulated muscle based on single chip of AlN piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer
Authors: Qu Mengjiao , Ding Hong , Li Dongsheng , Zhu Ke , Lv Dongze , Xu Hao , Guo Xishan , Xie Jin
Published: May 2022

Most of current portable B-mode medical imaging is based on traditional ultrasonic transducers (UTs) or capacitive micromachined UTs, both of them have defects that impede satisfying performance. Piezoelectric micromachined UTs (pMUTs) is a promising solution for portable/wearable B-mode imaging as alternative. This work demonstrates B-mode imaging of simulated muscle with an aluminum nitride (AlN) pMUT array for application of muscle disorder diagnosis. A 23 × 26 pMUT array with resonant frequency of 5 MHz (in oil) is fabricated based on cavity silicon-on-insulator process. It has transmitting sensitivity of 3.6 kPa V−1 at 10 mm, receiving sensitivity of 1.1 μV Pa−1 and −6 dB bandwidth of 40% (in oil). Feasibility of muscle imaging based on pMUT is demonstrated by using muscle-like phantoms. Imaging results shows clear interfaces among layers, the axial and lateral resolution is 0.20 mm and 1.23 mm respectively. Furthermore, ex-vivo B-mode scans towards porcine tissues based on pMUT are firstly demonstrated. Different tissues including muscle, subcutaneous fat, fascia and hematoma is distinguished. The maximum imaging depth inside the porcine tissue is above 40 mm. These results demonstrate great potential of the pMUT array in muscle imaging.
Negative temperature phenomena in two coupled qubit-ensembles
Authors: Han Yu-xiang , Wang Xin , Li Hong-rong
Published: May 2022

Negative absolute temperature has a wide range of applications, such as high-efficiency quantum heat engines, quantum refrigerators, and quantum simulation. In a recent paper (2018 Phys. Rev. Lett.
120 060403), the authors proposed two spin ensembles coupled to the same reservoir collectively; one ensemble relaxes to negative temperature since the two ensembles have unbalanced spin sizes. However, the coherent coupling mediated by the common environment is not considered. Here, we discuss negative temperature in a system where two qubit-ensembles are coupled to the same 1D waveguide. In the limit of Markovian approximation, by investigating the coherent coupling and non-cross (cross) collective decay between two qubit-ensembles, we find that the duration of the negative temperature state depends on the distance between the two ensembles. The decrease in negative temperature duration is due to the coherent coupling between the two ensembles that will hybridize the unitary evolution of the system. Some optimal points produce the longest duration of negative temperature, but this could not occur since the distance is out of the range of the appropriate regions. The negative temperature subensemble plays the role of a reservoir in the quantum Otto heat engine, which takes place beyond the Otto limit.