bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hemithioindigo‐Based Visible Light‐Activated Molecular Machines Kill Bacteria by Oxidative Damage
Authors: Santos Ana L. , van Venrooy Alexis , Reed Anna K. , Wyderka Aaron M. , García‐López Víctor , Alemany Lawrence B. , Oliver Antonio , Tegos George P. , Tour James M.
Published: August 2022

Antibiotic resistance is a growing health threat. There is an urgent and critical need to develop new antimicrobial modalities and therapies. Here, a set of hemithioindigo (HTI)‐based molecular machines capable of specifically killing Gram‐positive bacteria within minutes of activation with visible light (455 nm at 65 mW cm−2) that are safe for mammalian cells is described. Importantly, repeated exposure of bacteria to HTI does not result in detectable development of resistance. Visible light‐activated HTI kill both exponentially growing bacterial cells and antibiotic‐tolerant persister cells of various Gram‐positive strains, including methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Visible light‐activated HTI also eliminate biofilms of S. aureus and B. subtilis in as little as 1 h after light activation. Quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and protein carbonyls, as well as assays with various ROS scavengers, identifies oxidative damage as the underlying mechanism for the antibacterial activity of HTI. In addition to their direct antibacterial properties, HTI synergize with conventional antibiotics in vitro and in vivo, reducing the bacterial load and mortality associated with MRSA infection in an invertebrate burn wound model. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report on the antimicrobial activity of HTI‐based molecular machines.
Antimony‐Doped p‐Type In2Se3 for Heterophase Homojunction with High‐Performance Reconfigurable Broadband Photovoltaic Effect
Authors: Li Shasha , Wang Bing , Li Lixia , Li Jie , Wang Mengna , Luo Gaoli , Ren Xiao , Yan Yong , Li Jingbo
Published: August 2022

Heterophase homojunction (HH) presents a new paradigm in the next‐generation broadband photodetection, light‐emitting diode, and nonvolatile memory devices. Lattice mismatch is one of the fundamental characteristics that makes the HH devices difficult to stand out. In2Se3, as a polymorphic layered semiconductor, can provide an effective approach to breaking the critical constraint on interlayer lattice mismatch. However, it is extremely important and challenging to control the crystal phase of In2Se3. In this paper, the phase‐selective growth are achieved by alloying antimony (Sb) into In2Se3 crystal structure forming In2(1−x)Sb2xSe3 crystals, where x = 0–20%. Interestingly, for x = 13%, β‐In1.74Sb0.26Se3 exhibits a p‐type semiconductor characteristic. Accordingly, an α‐In2Se3/β‐In1.74Sb0.26Se3 van der Waals p–n HH is designed and fabricated. This device not only achieves a broadband spectral photovoltaic response from the visible to near‐infrared (405–1064 nm) but also exhibits a fast photoresponse speed at about microseconds at room temperature. Moreover, the photovoltaic figure‐of‐merits can be greatly modulated by the reconfigurable built‐in potential in the p–n HH that is related to the ferroelectric polarization in α‐In2Se3. This work enables a great significance of vdW ferroelectric HHs for future photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices.
An Interdigitated Li‐Solid Polymer Electrolyte Framework for Interfacial Stable All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Yang Yufei , Chen Hao , Wan Jiayu , Xu Rong , Zhang Pu , Zhang Wenbo , Oyakhire Solomon T. , Kim Sang Cheol , Boyle David T. , Peng Yucan , Ma Yinxing , Cui Yi
Published: August 2022

All‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries are prominent candidates for next‐generation batteries with high energy density and low safety risks. However, the traditional planar contact between Li metal and solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) exhibits substantive void formation and large interfacial morphological fluctuation, causing poor interfacial stability. Here, an interdigitated Li‐solid polymer electrolyte framework (I‐Li@SPE), a pioneering demonstration of 3D interface in polymer‐based all‐solid‐state batteries, is designed, transferring the Li‐SSE interfacial contact from planar to 3D for enhanced interfacial integrity. A smooth and intact 3D Li‐SSE interfacial contact after repeated cycling that precedes planar Li‐SSE contact, is shown. COMSOL simulation indicates I‐Li@SPE reduces local current densities by more than 40% and moderates interfacial variation by more than 50%. As a result, I‐Li@SPE achieves high critical current density of 1 mA cm−2, as well as promising high areal capacity cycling of 4 mAh cm−2 at 0.4 mA cm−2. This work provides a new structure for Li‐SSE composite fabrication and high‐capacity solid‐state Li batteries.
Cotton waste‐derived biochar and compost improve early growth and AMF association in cotton
Authors: Mowrer Jake , Dembele Ginette , Strzelec Andrea , Thapa Binita
Published: August 2022

Improving the sustainability of cotton (Gossypium hirusutum L.) production can be achieved by returning organic matter and nutrients to degraded soils. Amendment with biochar prepared from locally available feedstocks has been suggested as a pathway to sustainability. A greenhouse study collaboratively conducted by Malian and Texas A&M investigators evaluated the effect of biochar prepared from two feedstocks readily available in northwestern Africa: cotton field residue and rice (Oryza sativa L.) hulls, on cotton plants grown to 6 wk. A composted municipal biosolid was included for comparison with the more carbon (C)‐stable biochars. Four soils of contrasting properties were included in the study. Plant growth response variables were all affected by soil type (p < .0001). Shoot height was improved by biochars and composts in all soils. Root mass was improved by amendment only in the soil with the greatest clay content. Nitrogen (N) uptake was significantly depressed, and phosphorus (P) uptake was increased under biochar and compost amendment in the most coarsely textured soil. No effect on N and P uptake was observed in the soil with the greatest clay content. Ridge regression analysis showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) root colonization was positively related to the P content of the amendments (1.41*Pamend), negatively related to soil P (–0.49*Psoil) and positively related to both soil pH (2.15*pH) and clay content (1.130*clay%). Results indicate that degraded soils may be restored through amendment with biochar created from locally available feedstock to improve sustainability of cotton production. Soil properties will determine the degree of benefit.
Eine tumor‐inhibierende Rheniumtricarbonylverbindung beeinflusst die Biogenese des Fe−S Clusters
Authors: Neuditschko Benjamin , King A. Paden , Huang Zhouyang , Janker Lukas , Bileck Andrea , Borutzki Yasmin , Marker Sierra C. , Gerner Christopher , Wilson Justin J. , Meier‐Menches Samuel M.
Published: August 2022

Die Identifizierung von Zielmolekülen ist nach wie vor eine erhebliche Hürde in der präklinischen Entdeckungsphase metallhaltiger Wirkstoffe, und entscheidend um potenzielle polypharmakologische Aspekte zu entschlüsseln. Hier beschreiben wir einen verbesserten Ansatz zur Identifizierung von priorisierten Zielprotein‐Kandidaten für die Rheniumtricarbonylverbindung TRIP, der auf einer Kombination aus dosisabhängiger Chemoproteomik und Behandlungseffekten in lebenden Krebszellen beruht. Der chemoproteomische Ansatz ergab 89 dosisabhängige Interaktoren, die zwischen 0.1–32 μM kompetitiv gesättigt wurden, und das trotz der breiten proteotoxischen Wirkung von TRIP. Durch die Erstellung von Target‐Response‐Netzwerken wurden weiters zwei sehr wahrscheinliche Interaktoren identifiziert, von denen der Fe−S‐Cluster‐Biogenesefaktor NUBP2 durch freies TRIP bei nanomolaren Konzentrationen kompetitiv gesättigt wurde. Die Behandlung der Krebszellen mit TRIP führte zudem zu einer Herunterregulierung von Fe−S‐Cluster‐haltigen Proteinen und einer Hochregulierung von Ferritin. Die Verarmung an Fe−S‐Clustern wurde durch die Analyse der mitochondrialen Bioenergetik zusätzlich verifiziert. TRIP entpuppt sich somit als erster Modulator des Gerüstproteins NUBP2 und stört die Fe−S‐Cluster‐Biogenese in Eierstockkrebszellen bei subzytotoxischen Konzentrationen.
Oxyborylene als Photoreduktionsmittel: Synthese und Anwendung in Dehalogenierungen und Detosylierungen
Authors: Lenz Philipp , Oshimizu Ryo , Klabunde Sina , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Tendyck Jonas C. , Mori Tatsuya , Uhl Werner , Hansen Michael Ryan , Eckert Hellmut , Yamaguchi Shigehiro , Studer Armido
Published: August 2022

Obwohl sich das Spektrum verfügbarer Borylene in den letzten zehn Jahren erheblich erweiterte, sind ihre Anwendungen nach wie vor limitiert. In dieser Arbeit präsentieren wir dreifach koordinierte Oxyborylene als potente Photoreduktionsmittel, die durch sichtbares Licht aktiviert werden können. Die Einelektronenoxidation der CAAC‐stabilisierten Oxyborylene (CAAC)(IPr2Me2)BOR (R=TMS, CH2CH2C6H5, CH2CH2(4‐F)C6H4) zu den entsprechenden Radikalkationen wird mit Ferroceniumionen als Oxidationsmittel realisiert. Cyclovoltammetrische Studien zeigen für diese Oxyborylene Grundzustands‐Redoxpotentiale von bis zu −1.90 V vs. Fc+/0, womit sie zu den stärksten organischen Super‐Elektronendonoren gehören. Ihre Eigenschaften als Photoreduktionsmittel werden durch theoretische Studien untermauert und durch die Anwendung als stöchiometrische Reagenzien für die mit sichtbarem Licht vermittelte Detosylierung von Anilinen sowie Hydrodehalogenierung von Arylchloriden, Arylbromiden und nicht aktivierten Alkylbromiden unter Beweis gestellt.
Polymerisation‐Induced Self‐Assembly of Graft Copolymers
Authors: Häkkinen Satu , Tanaka Joji , Garcia Maset Ramón , Hall Stephen C. L. , Huband Steven , Rho Julia Y. , Song Qiao , Perrier Sébastien
Published: August 2022

We report the polymerisation‐induced self‐assembly of poly(lauryl methacrylate)‐graft‐poly(benzyl methacrylate) copolymers during reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) grafting from polymerisation in a backbone‐selective solvent. Electron microscopy images suggest the phase separation of grafts to result in a network of spherical particles, due to the ability of the branched architecture to freeze chain entanglements and to bridge core domains. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering data suggest the architecture promotes the formation of multicore micelles, the core morphology of which transitions from spheres to worms, vesicles, and inverted micelles with increasing volume fraction of the grafts. A time‐resolved SAXS study is presented to illustrate the formation of the inverted phase during a polymerisation. The grafted architecture gives access to unusual morphologies and provides exciting new handles for controlling the polymer structure and material properties.
A Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Stille Coupling/Intramolecular Diels–Alder Cascade for the Generation of Fused Pyridines and Application in the Synthesis of (+)‐Lycopladine A and (−)‐Lycoposerramine R
Authors: Sim Kyu‐Hyun , ul Ansari Thameem , Park Yong‐Gyu , Jeong Yeolib , Oh Sang‐Ha , Min Hye‐Won , Jeon Da‐Yoon , Kim Hyunwoo , Cho Cheon‐Gyu
Published: August 2022

2‐Pyrones with a chiral branched allylic silyl ether substituent underwent intramolecular Diels–Alder reactions with remarkably high π‐facial‐ and endo‐selectivities. The resulting diastereomerically and enantiomerically pure cycloadducts were transformed into the natural products (+)‐lycopladine A and (−)‐lycoposerramine R.
Structure–Uptake Relationship Study of DABCYL Derivatives Linked to Cyclic Cell‐Penetrating Peptides for Live‐Cell Delivery of Synthetic Proteins
Authors: Saha Abhishek , Mandal Shaswati , Arafiles Jan Vincent V. , Gómez‐González Jacobo , Hackenberger Christian P. R. , Brik Ashraf
Published: August 2022

Modifying cyclic cell‐penetrating deca‐arginine (cR10) peptides with 4‐(4‐dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoic acid (DABCYL) improves the uptake efficiency of synthetic ubiquitin (Ub) cargoes into living cells. To probe the role of the DABCYL moiety, we performed time‐lapse microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of fluorescent DABCYL‐R10 to evaluate the impact on cell entry by the formation of nucleation zones. Furthermore, we performed a structure–uptake relationship study with 13 DABCYL derivatives coupled to CPP to examine their effect on the cell‐uptake efficiency when conjugated to mono‐Ub through disulfide linkages. Our results show that through structure variations of the DABCYL moiety alone we could reach, at nanomolar concentration, an additional threefold increase in the cytosolic delivery of Ub, which will enable studies on various intracellular processes related to Ub signaling.
High‐Entropy Prussian Blue Analogues and Their Oxide Family as Sulfur Hosts for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Du Meng , Geng Pengbiao , Pei Chenxu , Jiang Xinyuan , Shan Yuying , Hu Wenhui , Ni Lubin , Pang Huan
Published: August 2022

The introduction of high‐entropy into Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) has yet to attract attention in the field of lithium‐sulfur battery materials. Herein, we systematically synthesize a library of PBAs from binary to high‐entropy by a facile coprecipitation method. The coordination environment in PBAs is explored by X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, which together with elemental mapping confirm the successful introduction of all metals. Importantly, electrochemical tests demonstrate that high‐entropy PBA can serve as polysulfide immobilizer to inhibit shuttle effect and as catalyst to promote polysulfides conversion, thereby boosting its outstanding performance. Additionally, a variety of nanocubic metal oxides from binary to senary are fabricated by using PBAs as sacrificial precursors. We believe that a wide range of new materials obtained from our coprecipitation and pyrolysis methodology can promote further developments in research on PBA systems and sulfur hosts.
Dual‐exterior surface modification of layered double hydroxides and its application in flame retardant biobased poly(trimethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Wang Kunyan , Zhu Hongtao , Zheng Shaobin , Guo Yuhua , Tang Peisong , Ding Yangbin , Jia Wenzhi , Pan Guoxiang , Guo Qipeng
Published: August 2022

The overall target of this research was to design a dual‐exterior surface chemical modification of eco‐friendly layered double hydroxides (LDH‐S@PA) using calcium stearate and phytic acid (PA) containing‐rich phosphorus to synchronously boost the dispersibility in the polymer matrix and the flame retardancy. Microstructure, surface chemical environments and morphologies of LDH‐S@PA were characterized. It was found that the target product with the hydrophobic surface was successfully prepared. The basic morphologies of LDH‐S@PA exhibited thin flat crystals composed of multi‐sheet with hexagonally arranged spots. Meanwhile, the thermal stability of LDH‐S@PA was improved. Significantly, after adding LDH‐S@PA into biobased poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) via melting‐blending, LDH‐S@PA exhibited a higher dispersity in the PTT matrix and the PTT/LDH‐S@PA composite with 20 wt% loading achieved 29.8% limiting oxygen index value and possessed V‐0 rating in UL‐94 test, revealing LDH‐S@PA dramatically enhanced the flame retardancy of the PTT. The flame retarded mechanism of LDH‐S@PA in PTT was discussed based on gaseous and condensed phase analysis. In addition, the incorporation of LDH‐S@PA improved the mechanical properties of the composites. This facile and straightforward approach for dual‐surface modification LDHs holds promise as flame retardant formulations for polymer in future applications.
“From the ground up”: Psychoanalytic perspectives on a new system for structuring hospital and clinic care
Authors: Lazes Peter , Rudden Marie
Published: August 2022

Labor‐Management Partnerships, a new system for structuring hospital care, are based on the recognition that hospitals are complex organizations requiring multiple levels of communication and exchange, and on the premise that front‐line workers are best able to identify and pose solutions to problems in their units and departments. They are structured to form creative problem‐solving teams of managers and staff supported in their work together to improve their hospital within both in individual areas and systemically. Four extensive examples of such teams are provided from two different hospital settings, one public and one not‐for‐profit. Their work is then assessed through the lens of organizational and group psychoanalytic theories.
Facile Fabrication of Lignin‐Cellulose Green Nanogels
Authors: Sathasivam Thenapakiam , Hu Lixuan , Sugiarto Sigit , Dou Qingqing , Zhang Zheng , Ru Tan Hui , Leow Yihao , Zhu Qiang , Ken Lee Chi‐Lik , Yu Hai‐Dong , Kai Dan
Published: August 2022

There has been increasing exploration of the development and production of biodegradable polymers in response to issues with petrol‐based polymers and their impact on the environment. Here we report a new approach to synthesize a natural nanogel from lignin and nanocellulose. First, lignin nanobeads were synthesized by a solvent‐shifting method, which showed a spherical shape with a diameter of 159.7 nm. Then the lignin nanobeads were incorporated into a nanocellulose network to form the lignin/cellulose nanogels. The nanocellulose fibrils (CNF−C) nanogels reveal a higher storage modulus than the nanocellulose crystal (CNC−C) ones due to the denser network with self‐entanglement of longer cellulose chains. The presence of lignin nanobeads in the nanogels helped to increase the viscoelasticity of the nanogels. This work highlights that the new kinds of green nanogels could be potentially utilized in a variety of biomedical applications such as drug delivery and wound dressing.
Designing acceptance single sampling plans: An optimization‐based approach under generalized beta distribution
Authors: Facchinetti Silvia , Osmetti Silvia Angela , Magagnoli Umberto
Published: August 2022

The availability of information that suppliers possess about the production process, as well as about the technical and economic consequences for customers, encourages the development and application of acceptance sampling plans that follow economic criteria, such as the Bayesian ones proposed in the literature. The combination of prior knowledge described by the prior distribution and empirical knowledge based on the sample leads to the decision to accept or reject the lot under inspection. The main purpose of this study was to derive acceptance sampling plans for attributes based on a prior generalized beta distribution following the economic criterion to minimize the expected total cost of quality. Specifically, a procedure is proposed to define the optimal sampling plan based on the technical characteristics of the production process and the costs inherent in the quality of the product. After the methodological aspects are described in detail, an extensive simulation study is reported that demonstrates how the optimal plan changes according to the main parameters, providing guidance for practitioners.
Duktilitätssteigernde Bewehrungssysteme für fließgefertigte Stabelemente aus UHFB
Authors: Markowski Jan , Meyer Max , Haist Michael , Lohaus Ludger
Published: August 2022

Um schneller, leichter und präziser mit Beton bauen zu können, wurde ein neues, modulares Baukonzept auf Basis ultrahochfester Betone (UHFB) erforscht und entwickelt, das ein besonders vorteilhaftes Verhältnis von Axialdrucktragfähigkeit und Eigengewicht aufweist [1]. Um dieses, als wickelverstärktes UHFB‐Hybridrohr bezeichnete Stabelement in einem automatisierten Strangpressverfahren fertigen zu können, muss ein neuartiges Bewehrungskonzept ohne übliche Stahlbewehrung entwickelt werden. Im Extrusionsprozess wird ein stützendes inneres Stahlrohr im Strangpressverfahren mit UHFB ummantelt und zusammen mit dem UHFB vorgeschoben. Anschließend wird eine duktilitätssteigernde Umschnürungsbewehrung in einem automatisierbaren Verfahren von außen auf die Oberfläche der Bauteile appliziert. Da im Versagensfall UHFB‐Bruchstücke die CFK‐Bewehrung schädigen, wird in diesem Aufsatz untersucht, mit welchem Schutzschicht/Bewehrungssystem ein duktiles Bauteilverhalten für axialdruckbeanspruchte Stabtragwerke erreicht werden kann. Dazu wurden unterschiedliche textile Bewehrungsschichten auf UHFB‐Probekörper appliziert und ihr Einfluss auf das Tragverhalten der Bauteile unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Duktilität und Resttragfähigkeit nach Überschreiten der Maximallast ermittelt. Eine Kombination aus Aramidgewebe und Kohlenstofffasergelege zeigte in experimentellen Untersuchungen ein günstiges Tragverhalten mit quasiduktilem Verformungsvermögen.
Sulfono‐γ‐AApeptides as Protein Helical Domain Mimetics to Manipulate the Angiogenesis
Authors: Xue Songyi , Wang Lei , Cai Jianfeng
Published: August 2022

Sulfono‐γ‐AApeptides recently developed in our group have been proven to be a new class of unnatural foldamer with well‐defined helical structure and have been demonstrated to mimic protein helical domains and disrupt biomedically relevant protein‐protein interactions (PPIs). Based on our design concept in a recent report, we discovered two similar sulfono‐γ‐AApeptides V2 and V3 which were designed to mimic the VEGF N‐terminal helix α1 known to directly interact with VEGFRs. Interestingly, V2 was shown to possess the pro‐angiogenic effect, whereas V3 was proved to be a potent inhibitor for angiogenesis. We speculate that the distinct angiogenesis signaling was due to the selective binding of the two molecules to VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, respectively. Together with their remarkable resistance to proteolytic degradation, relatively small sizes, and amenability to modification with diverse functional groups, V2 and V3 could serve as lead molecules for the development of potential therapeutic agents and molecular probes. These findings highlight sulfono‐γ‐AApeptides as an alternative paradigm to mimic the α‐helical domain to modulate a wide variety of PPIs in the future.
Potential G‐quadruplexes within the Promoter Nuclease Hypersensitive Sites of the Heat‐Responsive Genes in Rice
Authors: Chang Tianjun , Li Guangping , Ding Zhan , Li Weiguo , Zhu Panpan , Lei Wei , Shangguan Dihua
Published: August 2022

G‐quadruplexes (G4s) have been shown to be involved in the regulation of multiple cellular processes. Exploring putative G4‐forming sequences (PQSs) in heat‐responsive genes of rice and their folding structures under different conditions will help to understand the mechanism in response to heat stress. In this work, we discovered a prevalence of PQSs in nuclease hypersensitive sites within the promoters of heat‐responsive genes. Moreover, 50 % of the searched G3 PQSs ((G3+L1‐7)3+G3+) locate in heat shock transcription factors. Circular dichroism spectroscopy, thermal difference spectroscopy, and UV melting analysis demonstrated the representative PQSs could adopt stable G4s at physiological temperature and potassium concentration. These PQSs were able to stall Klenow fragment (KF) DNA polymerase by the formation of G4s. However, the G4s with Tm values around 50–60 °C could be increasingly unwound by KF with the increase of temperatures from 25 to 50 °C, implying that these G4s could sense the changes in temperature by structural switch. This work offers fresh clues to understanding the potential of G4‐involved functions of PQSs and the molecular events in plants in response to heat stress.
A‐Site Substitution Motivating the Phase Transformation of LaNiO3 Perovskite for High‐Performance Artificial N2 Fixation
Authors: Zheng Yinan , Zhang Shishi , Yao Hu , Li Xue , Su Yaqiong , Guo Xiaohui
Published: August 2022

Electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR) to NH3 under ambient conditions is an attractive strategy compared to the traditional Haber‐Bosch process. However, there still remains a great challenge due to the high activation barrier of N2 and consequent sluggish kinetics. Herein, A‐site substitution of LaNiO3 perovskites by Sr‐doping is proposed which can lead to phase transformation and to the formation of oxygen vacancies, significantly improving the NRR performance of La1‐xSrxNiO3 (LSNO). The appropriate oxygen vacancy concentration can be modulated by changing the stoichiometric ratio of La and Sr elements. LSNO‐III (x=0.5) delivers the highest ammonia production rate of 55.9 μg h−1 mg−1cat. at −0.7 V and Faraday efficiency of 23.17 % at −0.5 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M Na2SO4. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further demonstrate that introduction of oxygen vacancies decreases the distance of the d‐band center to the Fermi energy level, which not only facilitates adsorption and activation of N2 molecules and subsequent hydrogenation reactions, but also further optimizes reaction pathways in NRR.
The Sulfur Rich Fluorothiophosphate Dianions [S5P2F2]2− and [S3PF]2− : Cluster and Chelation Control of P‐S Heterolysis
Authors: Gaydon Quentin , Bohle David Scott
Published: August 2022

The sulfur rich difluoropentathiodiphosphate dianion [S5P2F2]2−, from fluoride addition to P4S10, has a somewhat checkered history and proves to be the main product of the reaction in acetonitrile. Its optimized synthesis, and structural characterization, as either a tetraphenylphosphonium or a tetrapropylammonium salt, [NnPr4]2[S5P2F2] allows for the first coordination chemistry for this dianion. Reactions of [S5P2F2]2− with d10 metal ions of zinc(II), and cadmium(II), and d9 copper(II) resulted in a surprising diverse array of binding modes and structural motifs. In addition to the simple bis‐chelate coordination of [S5P2F2]2− with zinc, cleavage of the P−S bond resulted in complexes with the unusual [S3PF]2− fluorotrithiophosphate dianion. This was observed in two cluster complexes: a trinuclear cadmium complex with mixed [S5P2F2]2−/[S3PF]2− ligands, [Cd3(S5P2F2)3(S3PF)2]4− as well as an octanuclear copper cluster, [Cu8(S3PF)6]4− which form rapidly at room temperature. These new metal/sulfur/ligand clusters are of relevance to understanding multimetal binding to metallothionines, and to potential capping strategies for the condensed nanoparticulate cadmium chalcogenide semiconductors CdS and CdSe.
A Chemotactic Colloidal Motor
Authors: Zhou Chang , Yang Ling , Wu Yingjie , Yang Mingcheng , He Qiang
Published: August 2022

Chemotaxis plays a crucial role in the realization of various functions of human life such as fertilization, immune function, inflammatory response, regeneration processes, etc. Inspired by the natural chemotaxis, colloidal motors with chemotactic ability can realize intelligent sense and targeted navigation, which bring a revolutionary method to biomedical applications like precision medicine. However, the application in the biomedical field requires the colloidal motors with submicrometer scale, strong chemotactic ability and clear chemotactic mechanism. In this Concept article, we introduce the recent progress of chemotactic colloidal motors, covering the fundamental theory behind experimental advancements. Particularly, the torque‐driven reorientation motion of the submicrometer‐sized colloidal motors during chemotaxis is discussed, and also their underlying mechanism is proposed. With the continuous research on chemotactic colloidal motors, it is believed that the emerging chemotactic colloidal motors will broaden practical applications in the biomedical field.
How Water and Ion Mobility Affect the NMR Fingerprints of the Hydrated JBW Zeolite: A Combined Computational‐Experimental Investigation
Authors: Vanlommel Siebe , Hoffman Alexander E. J. , Smet Sam , Radhakrishnan Sambhu , Asselman Karel , Chandran C. Vinod , Breynaert Eric , Kirschhock Christine E. A. , Martens Johan A. , Van Speybroeck Veronique
Published: August 2022

An important aspect within zeolite synthesis is to make fully tunable framework materials with controlled aluminium distribution. A major challenge in characterising these zeolites at operating conditions is the presence of water. In this work, we investigate the effect of hydration on the 27Al NMR parameters of the ultracrystalline K,Na‐compensated aluminosilicate JBW zeolite using experimental and computational techniques. The JBW framework, with Si/Al ratio of 1, is an ideal benchmark system as a stepping stone towards more complicated zeolites. The presence and mobility of water and extraframework species directly affect NMR fingerprints. Excellent agreement between theoretical and experimental spectra is obtained provided dynamic methods are employed with hydrated structural models. This work shows how NMR is instrumental in characterising aluminium distributions in zeolites at operating conditions.
Autosomal recessive hyper‐IgE syndrome due to DOCK8 deficiency: An adjunctive role for omalizumab
Authors: Nguyen Kim Han , Nguyen Quynh Anh , Tran Mai Hoang , Can Thu Thuy , Vu Mai Thi , Vo Nam Sy , Chi Hieu Chu , van Nunen Sheryl , Van Nguyen Dinh
Published: August 2022

Autosomal recessive hyper‐IgE syndrome (AR‐HIES) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by high serum IgE levels, recurrent viral skin infections, severe allergies, and early‐onset malignancies, associated with mutations in the gene encoding the dedicator of cytokinesis 8 protein (DOCK8). We report a rare case of AR‐HIES with DOCK8 deficiency in a young Japanese male with a past medical history of chronic atopic dermatitis, severe food allergies, and severe herpes simplex virus infection. Treatment was successfully based on infection management, skincare, and dietary elimination. In addition, anti‐IgE therapy with omalizumab was the target treatment for this syndrome.
Charting a path to high‐quality end‐of‐life care for children with cancer
Authors: Ananth Prasanna , Wolfe Joanne , Johnston Emily E.
Published: August 2022

There are currently no quality measures for end‐of‐life (EOL) care for children with cancer. In this commentary, the authors address why it is essential that quality measures for EOL care for children with cancer are developed, the progress made‐to‐date is reviewed, and the course for future work is charted.
A novel optimized intelligent green signal timing system for urban corridor
Authors: Malathi Narra , Kumar Molugaram
Published: August 2022

In the real world, fixed traffic time signal control is commonly used due to the low implementation cost. However, these signal systems do not achieve the best performance, especially when the unbalanced traffic demand. Hence, a novel buffalo based recurrent fuzzy green timing system (BRFGTS) is proposed to enhance the green timing. Moreover, traffic speed data was initially collected to implement the proposed model. Consequently, after neural layer training, the preprocessing was performed to eliminate the unwanted data. After that, feature extraction is done to take the required features from the preprocessed data. After extracting the features, the data are moved through the classification process. A recurrent network‐based approach trains the data in the classification process. Furthermore, the fitness of buffalo is updated in the classification layer of the recurrent model to reduce the traveling time by improving the shortest route prediction to identify the other path to travel vehicle. The proposed green timing system is implemented in the tool named MATLAB. Subsequently, the results from the proposed model are compared with different techniques. Thus the recorded minimum traveling time by the presented BRFGTS is 20.5 s; compared to other models, it has minimized the traveling time by 40%. Also, the proposed model has minimized the queue length by 38% than the compared models. Hence, the robustness of the novel BRFGTS has been proved.
Isolation and Culture of Vascular Distal Outflow Pathway (VDOP) Cells From Human Donor Eyes
Authors: Roy Chowdhury Uttio , Fautsch Michael P.
Published: August 2022

Glaucoma, a progressive neurodegenerative ocular disease, is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most common—and the only treatable—risk factor for glaucoma. IOP is generated by the balance between production and removal of aqueous humor in the anterior part of the eye, and the latter happens either through the uveoscleral or the conventional pathway. Although both pathways are important for aqueous humor removal, dysfunction within the conventional pathway is more commonly associated with increased resistance leading to elevated IOP and glaucoma. The conventional pathway can be separated into proximal (trabecular meshwork and inner wall of Schlemm's canal) and distal (outer wall of Schlemm's canal, collector channels, and episcleral vasculature) regions. Both regions contribute resistance to aqueous humor removal, but the proximal region has been studied more extensively due to the availability of model systems. In contrast, little is known about the role of the distal region in outflow resistance, largely due to the lack of suitable in vitro models. To address this, we have developed a novel method of isolating and culturing vascular distal outflow pathway (VDOP) cells from the distal outflow region of human eyes. VDOP cells can be used to study the physiological and molecular functions of cells in the distal outflow region and can help in the development of ocular hypotensive drugs that specifically target this area. We also provide a protocol describing immunohistochemical methods to validate the molecular profile of these cells, utilizing cell surface markers that distinguish them from adjacent cells. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Isolation and culture of VDOP cells

Basic Protocol 2: Analysis of cell surface markers
Communicating cultural identity in the management of forest related conflicts in Eastern Mau, Kenya
Authors: Kweyu Raphael
Published: August 2022

Conflict behavior is thought to result from attitudes. Attitude which is a tendency to favor or disfavor is thought to be a function of perceptions. Perceptions are influenced by our cultural identity. In Kenya, different communities have been involved in violent identity conflicts which peaked in 2007/2008 during the post‐election violence. The role of politics and natural resource competitions as sources for conflicts in Kenya has been widely exposed. This paper enriches the discourse on manifestation of conflict by an in‐depth analysis of how cultural identity is communicated drawing examples from communities residing adjacent to Eastern Mau forests complex in Kenya. The main research question is that, since inter‐group conflict involves identity competition, how are attitudes expressed in this context? Qualitative data sources were obtained for this study through key informant interviews and Focus Group Discussions. Data analysis was through thematization, content and linguistic analysis. Results from this study reveal that conflicts involving different ethnic communities have escalated over time. The study further reveals that attitudes are expressed through figures of communication such as stereotypes and nicknames, metaphors, and naming of places. Conflicts in Eastern Mau seemed to persist, vacillating between periods of relative peace and periods of escalation. Mediation has been proposed in recent literature as a sustainable solution for intractable conflicts. This paper suggests that more research is needed on traditional dispute resolution in Eastern Mau with a view to understanding how mediation could be integrated in the existing formal conflict resolution in the study area and beyond.
SoyPedi: A searchable pedigree‐linked web interface for phenotypic data of soybean cultivars
Authors: Jeong Min‐Gyun , Lee Chaeyoung , Kim Jin‐Hyun , Park Joo‐Seok , Choi Yoram , Kim Hye Jeong , Chung Young‐Soo , Choi Hong‐Kyu
Published: August 2022

Pedigrees of crop species reflect genealogical relationships among bred lines and are important resources for breeding design. Recently, as more genomic and phenomic data are being accumulated at an astonishing rate, well‐organized pedigrees and database‐linked systems have become ever more important. To cope with the prospective future of breeding science, this study aimed to develop a pedigree‐centered web interface called SoyPedi for the purpose of searching the phenotypic information of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars. SoyPedi employed an integrated pedigree composed of 178 well‐defined soybean cultivars and phenotype data. The system was constructed using various bioinformatic tools, such as SQLite3, PHP, and JavaScript. SoyPedi consists largely of three submodules, including a pedigree map, a tabular format database, and single cultivar‐dedicated web pages. The pedigree and tabular databases are interconnected by a single page application system, so that users can promptly switch between these two modules. In addition, comparative analysis of whole genome resequencing‐derived phylogeny and pedigrees implicated some extent of parallel correlation between these two. SoyPedi was developed with the intention of serving breeders for selecting parental lines in hybridization planning, which will be readily operable and intuitive for users. This system will be potentially expandable by integrating more data in the future and is available at https://tgil.donga.ac.kr/SoyPedi/index.html.
Airlines practices to incorporate circular economy principles into the waste management system
Authors: Salesa Aitor , León Raúl , Moneva José Mariano
Published: August 2022

Airlines' negative impacts are rising due to the growth of the industry, and therefore new and more sustainable alternative business models are being developed and implemented. In this context, this paper analyses how airlines are incorporating Circular Economy (CE) into their service model and proposes a framework to identify the main practices of CE that support waste management. After a detailed review of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports of a worldwide sample of companies, this paper builds on waste and material management, where airline activities have more impacts on edible and inedible waste. Results show that companies are adopting measures such as recycling in‐cabin waste, incorporating new materials, and defining new systems to make the feeding services more efficient. Nevertheless, CE adoption is still low, and the CE strategies do not seem to follow specific patterns.
Recurring wildfires provoke type conversion in dry western forests
Authors: Nemens Deborah G. , Kidd Kathryn R. , Varner J. Morgan , Wing Brian
Published: August 2022

Recent wildfires across western North America have burned with uncharacteristically high severity, representing a substantial departure from natural fire regimes. In mixed‐conifer and pine–oak ecosystems of the southern Cascade Range, widespread shifts in stand structure and composition have led to a diversity of post‐wildfire vegetation responses. When recent wildfire “footprints” reburn in subsequent fires, their recovery pathways are complex. In order to understand the effects of overlapping mixed‐severity fires, we quantified changes in overstory and midstory structure and species composition for time periods prior to and following two large overlapping wildfires in the southern Cascades: the 2000 Storrie and 2012 Chips Fires. Plots were stratified into 16 severity combinations (unburned, low, moderate, and high in the Storrie Fire combined with the same four categories in the Chips Fire: e.g., moderate Storrie/high Chips) across the 9000‐ha overlapping burned area. Following the two fires, tree quadratic mean diameter and stand density declined for most species, but changes were species‐specific. Compared with preburn values, importance values for fire‐sensitive white fir (Abies concolor) were reduced by 66%, while resprouting fire‐resilient California black oak (Quercus kelloggii) importance values increased by 37% in severity combinations that included at least one high‐severity fire. Greatest shifts were documented in sites that burned twice at high severity, where resulting vegetation was dominated by oak sprout clumps and resprouting and fire‐stimulated montane chaparral species, while unburned and low‐severity strata retained a substantial component of Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and white fir. Results suggest that repeated moderate‐ and high‐severity fires can result in ecosystem state shifting toward fire‐resilient oak‐shrub communities in this fire‐prone landscape. Managers seeking greater landscape resilience can implement treatments such as thinning and prescribed burning, while taking advantage of fire‐created patches such as these in areas where the likelihood of a hotter and drier future makes the reestablishment of continuous forest cover unrealistic.
Geopolitical risk and global financial cycle: Some forecasting experiments
Authors: Salisu Afees A. , Omoke Philip C. , Sikiru Abdulsalam Abidemi
Published: August 2022

In this study, we investigate the connection between geopolitical risk (GPR) and global financial cycle (GFCy) as well as whether the former has predictive value for the out‐of‐sample predictability of the latter. We utilize both the historical and recent GPR data and their variants, namely, GPR act covering all “acts” that constitute GPR such as war, nuclear invasion and terrorism, and GPR threat, which represents threats of these acts. We construct a predictive model that accommodates the salient features of the predicted and predictor series while the forecast evaluation is conducted for both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample periods. Our findings reveal that a rise in GPR discourages investments in risky assets and by implication worsens GFCy. The impact is more severe after the global financial crisis (gfc), and the GPR threat exerts more adverse effect on GFCy compared with GPR act regardless of whether historical GPR or recent GPR is used. Meanwhile, the predictive model of GFCy that accommodates the GPR data outperforms the benchmark model that ignores it both in the in‐sample and out‐of‐sample estimates albeit with improved forecast performance during the post‐gfc period and at a longer forecast horizon. However, the recent GPR data, which are broader in scope, offer better forecast accuracy than the historical GPR data. Additional analyses involving the vulnerability of global economic conditions reveal similar outcomes as GFCy.
Effect on haemostasis of different replacement fluids during therapeutic plasma exchange—A comparative multicentre observational study
Authors: Kohli Ruchika , Allen Elisa , Platton Sean , Griffin James , Manson Lynn , MacCallum Peter , Green Laura
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is used for several chronic conditions with little evidence on the efficacy and safety of different choice of replacement fluid. Measurement of haemostasis, particularly in vitro thrombin generation, could play a role in determining the immediate efficacy of different fluid replacement.

Aim

To determine the impact of different TPE replacement fluid regimens on haemostatic assays.

Methods

Prospective observational multi‐centre cohort study in adult patients 18 years and older evaluating haemostatic changes between four different TPE regimens: (1) 5% human albumin solution (Alb) only, (2) 50:50 mix of 5% Alb + modified gelatin, (3) 70:30 mix of 5% Alb and normal saline (NS), and (4) solvent‐detergent, virus‐inactivated fresh frozen plasma (FFP) (either alone or combined with other fluids). Twenty‐one haemostasis variables were analysed (procoagulant, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic factors) pre and post TPE sessions, including in vitro thrombin generation. Linear mixed modelling and canonical discriminant analyses were used to examine the effect of TPE fluid type on haemostatic variables.

Results

A total of 31 patients with up to 5 TPE sessions each (131 sessions in total) were enrolled. Out of 21 markers analysed using linear mixed modelling, the main effects of fluid type were found to be significant for 19 markers (P < 0.05), excluding plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 antigen and thrombin‐anti‐thrombin. Multivariate Analysis of Variance showed significant differences between the fluid types (Wilks' lambda = 0.07; F63,245.61 = 5.50; P < 0.0001) and this was supported by a canonical discriminant analysis, which identified the 4 most discriminating markers for fluid types as thrombin generation (lag‐time, time‐to Peak), fibrinogen and Factor V. In our analyses, the effect of FFP on haemostasis was significantly greater compared with other fluid types. Of the non‐FFP fluids, 5% Alb + NS had a lower effect on haemostasis compared to other fluid types (Alb and modified gelatin + 5% Alb).

Conclusion

Thrombin generation and fibrinogen discriminated better the effect of different TPE fluids on haemostasis and should be considered as potential markers to evaluate the immediate haemostatic effect of TPE procedures. The use of NS as a TPE replacement fluid had a distinctive impact on thrombin generation and fibrinogen responses compared to other non‐FFP fluids.
Facile synthesis of “WCl3(DME)” and structural and electronic characterizations
Authors: Yang Cian‐Wei , Mallick Suman , Tsai Yi‐Chou
Published: August 2022

In contrast to the readily accessed mid‐valent molybdenum precursors, trivalent tungsten compounds as good synthons are rare. The most commonly used trivalent ditungsten species, NaW2Cl7(THF)5, for the synthesis of the triply W − W bonded compounds of the type W2X6(X = bulky anionic ligand) can no longer be prepared because it is obtained from Na/Hg reduction of WCl4, and the use of mercury is banned. In this work, we report the characterization of a useful ditungsten(III) complex W2(μ‐Cl)2Cl4(κ2‐DME)2(2) (DME = 1,2‐dimethoxyethane) to replace NaW2Cl7(THF)5. The efficient reduction of the monomeric W(IV) compound WCl4(DME) (1) with granular Sn in DME gives2in a 97% isolated yield.2is a diamagnetic species based on SQUID magnetometry, and its formulation was established by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The structure of2shows an edge‐sharing bioctahedral (ESBO) conformation with overallCisymmetry and the W − W bond length is 2.6443 (6) Å. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest a σ2π2δ*2ground state configuration corresponding to the W − W single bond.
Immigrant youth of Indian origin: Generational differences in self‐critical perfectionism
Authors: Roysircar Gargi , Masseratagah Tara , Tran Quynh , Neizvestnaya Maria , Thompson Ashland
Published: August 2022

A community sample of foreign‐born first generation (n = 53) and U.S.‐born secondgeneration (n = 57) youth of Indian origin (ages 18–25) was studied. Variables predicting self‐critical perfectionism were perceived prejudice, enculturation, and communication difficulty with parents and their interaction with generation status. The differences between the two generations pointed to nuanced self‐pressures of Indian immigrant youth, despite good academic standing and middle‐class family income. Implications discuss counseling with Indian immigrant youth.
Mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction in a patient with a heterozygous de novo CTBP1 variant
Authors: Wong Wui‐Kwan , Balasubramaniam Shanti , Wong Rachel S. H. , Graf Nicole , Thorburn David R. , McFarland Robert , Troedson Christopher
Published: August 2022

The C‐terminal binding protein 1 (CTBP1) functions as a transcriptional corepressor in vertebrates and has been identified to have critical roles in nervous system growth and development. Pathogenic variants in the CTBP1 gene has been shown to cause hypotonia, ataxia, developmental delay and tooth enamel defect syndrome (HADDTS). There have only been 16 cases reported to date with heterozygous, pathogenic variants in CTBP1 manifesting with a neurodevelopmental phenotype. We report a further case of a pathogenic, heterozygous, de novo variant in CTBP1 identified by whole exome sequencing in a female with the typical phenotype of global developmental delay, hypotonia, cerebellar dysfunction and failure to thrive. Additionally, muscle biopsy demonstrates evidence of a respiratory chain defect, only previously reported once in the literature. This supports the role of CTBP1 in maintenance of normal mitochondrial activity and highlights the importance of considering secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in genes not directly involved in the mitochondrial respiratory chain.