bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rohrleitungsplanung im Anlagenbau mit einem übergreifenden Softwaretool
Authors: Tebart Gudrun
Published: August 2021

Bei der enormen Komplexität moderner Prozessanlagen werden für eine schnelle und hochqualitative Umsetzung der Planung spezialisierte Softwarelösungen benötigt. M4 Plant ist ein dafür geeignetes Instrument, das Brüche in den genutzten Planungsmedien vermeidet.
Von der Simulation bis zur virtuellen Inbetriebnahme
Authors: Oppermann Ines
Published: August 2021

Die Realisierung von Industrie 4.0‐vernetzten Anlagen ist eng mit dem digitalen Zwilling verknüpft. Da der Standardisierungsgrad der einzelnen Entwicklungswerkzeuge jedoch noch gering ist, klaffen bei der Durchgängigkeit erhebliche Lücken. Im Bereich der Simulation können einige von ihnen jetzt geschlossen werden. Durch das digitale Engineering von Prozessanlagen sind damit erhebliche Effizienzgewinne möglich.
Wo Fremdpartikel zum Problem werden
Authors: Schrödter Linda
Published: August 2021

Die Reinhaltung von Fertigungsanlagen spielt in Lebensmittel‐ und Chemieindustrie eine besonders große Rolle. Zwar sind vielerorts automatische Absauganlagen in den Prozess integriert, doch die manuelle Reinigung mit Industriesaugern ist in vielen Fällen zusätzlich erforderlich. Störstoffe können in das Produktionsumfeld geraten und gravierende Probleme nach sich ziehen. Ob Hersteller oder Reinigungsdienstleister im Industrieumfeld: Wer die Qualität seiner Produkte steigern, Probleme vermeiden und imageschädigende Rückrufaktionen verhindern möchte, muss notwendige Reinigungsmaßnahmen ständig im Blick haben.
A novel combined resilience and advance care planning intervention for adolescents and young adults with advanced cancer: A feasibility and acceptability cohort study
Authors: Fladeboe Kaitlyn M. , O'Donnell Maeve B. , Barton Krysta S. , Bradford Miranda C. , Steineck Angela , Junkins Courtney C. , Yi‐Frazier Joyce P. , Rosenberg Abby R.
Published: August 2021

Background

Few evidence‐based psychosocial programs have been tested among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with advanced cancer (AC), and early advance care planning (ACP) in this population is rare. The authors aimed to determine the feasibility and acceptability of 1) delivering an established resilience‐coaching program, and 2) integrating ACP into that program, among AYAs with AC.

Methods

Eligible AYAs were 12 to 24 years old, diagnosed with advanced cancer (recurrent/refractory disease or a diagnosis associated with <50% survival) and fluent in English. The Promoting Resilience in Stress Management–Advanced Cancer (PRISM‐AC) program included PRISM's standard sessions targeting stress‐management, goal‐setting, cognitive‐restructuring, and meaning‐making, delivered 1:1, 1 to 2 weeks apart, plus a new session involving elements of the AYA‐specific Voicing My Choices ACP guide. Participants completed surveys at baseline and 12 weeks, and exit interviews following study completion. Feasibility was defined as ≥70% completion of 1) standard 4‐session PRISM and 2) the new ACP session among those completing standard PRISM. Acceptability was defined qualitatively. Trajectories of patient‐reported anxiety, depression, and hope were examined descriptively.

Results

Of 50 eligible, approached AYAs, 26 (52%) enrolled and completed baseline surveys. The AYAs had a mean age of 16 years (SD = 2.7 years), and the majority were male (73%) and White/Caucasian (62%). Twenty‐two AYAs (85%) completed standard PRISM, and of those, 18 (82%) completed the ACP session. Feedback was highly positive; 100% and 91% described the overall and ACP programs as valuable, respectively. Anxiety, depression, and hope were unchanged after the program.

Conclusions

Resilience coaching followed by integrated ACP is feasible and acceptable for AYAs with AC. Participating did not cause distress or decrease hope.

Lay Summary

Advance care planning (ACP) among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with advanced cancer can be difficult to introduce.

We investigated whether it is feasible and acceptable to integrate ACP into an existing resilience‐coaching program for AYAs.

In this cohort study of 26 AYAs with advanced cancer, we found the Promoting Resilience in Stress Management–Advanced Cancer program to be feasible (≥70% intervention‐completion) and highly acceptable (positive post‐participation feedback, no evidence of participant‐distress).

We conclude that an intervention integrating resilience coaching and ACP is feasible and acceptable among AYAs with advanced cancer.
Fear of cancer recurrence among patients with localized prostate cancer
Authors: Bergerot Cristiane Decat , Williams Stephen B. , Klaassen Zachary
Published: August 2021

Clinical levels of fear of cancer recurrence reported by patients with localized prostate cancer may not decrease, even over an extended time frame (9 years). A lower level of education, years since radical prostatectomy, early biochemical recurrence, and current therapy are important predictors of persistent clinical levels of fear of cancer recurrence.
Local Structure of Europium‐Doped Luminescent Strontium Fluoride Nanoparticles: Comparative X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Diffraction Study
Authors: Yusenko Kirill V. , Kabelitz Anke , Schökel Alexander , Wagner Ralph , Prinz Carsten , Kemnitz Erhard , Emmerling Franziska , Krahl Thoralf , Guilherme Buzanich Ana
Published: August 2021

Rare‐earth based luminescent materials are key functional components for the rational design of light‐conversion smart devices. Stable Eu3+‐doped strontium fluoride (SrF2) nanoparticles were prepared at room temperature in ethylene glycol. Their luminescence depends on the Eu content and changes after heat treatment. The crystallinity of heat‐treated material increases in comparison with as‐synthesized samples. Particles were investigated in solution using X‐ray diffraction, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and X‐ray spectroscopy. After heat treatment, the size of the disordered nanoparticles increases together with a change of their local structure. Interstitial fluoride ions can be localized near Eu3+ ions. Therefore, non‐radiative relaxation from other mechanisms is decreased. Knowledge about the cation distribution is key information for understanding the luminescence properties of any material.
Preoccupation as psychopathological process and symptom in adjustment disorder: A scoping review
Authors: Eberle David J. , Maercker Andreas
Published: August 2021

In the ICD‐11 diagnostic guidelines, preoccupation has been introduced as the new core symptom of adjustment disorder. Despite this essential innovation, preoccupation has so far largely been defined as rumination and worry and does not feature a distinct character as an independent symptom. In order to investigate the nature of preoccupation, various cognitive approaches are evaluated and linked to preoccupation. Furthermore, the aim of this review is to define preoccupation more precisely and to distinguish it from other symptoms in psychopathology. The evaluation of key features of cognitive dissonance theory, attention bias theory, memory theories, and other cognitive paradigms indicates that preoccupation is constituted by a complex interaction of cognitive–emotional mechanisms. In addition, this review implies that preoccupation in AjD can be defined as stressor‐related factual thinking, which is time‐consuming and often associated with negative emotions. It is assumed that rumination and dysfunctional worry serve as reactive processes to cope with preoccupation. For further distinction, this review presents similarities and differences of preoccupation and other symptoms, including negative automatic thoughts, flashbacks, and yearning. Finally, implications and suggestions for future research on preoccupation are offered. Overall, it is plausible that preoccupation is not only associated with adjustment disorder but also possesses a transdiagnostic character.
The early life of a leaf‐cutter ant colony constrains symbiont vertical transmission and favors horizontal transmission
Authors: Phillips Zachary I. , Reding Luke , Farrior Caroline E.
Published: August 2021

Colonial organisms host a large diversity of symbionts (collectively, parasites, mutualists, and commensals) that use vertical transmission (from parent colony to offspring colony) and/or horizontal transmission to disperse between host colonies. The early life of some colonies, characterized by the dispersal and establishment of solitary individuals, may constrain vertical transmission and favor horizontal transmission between large established colonies. We explore this possibility with the miniature cockroach Attaphila fungicola, a symbiont of leaf‐cutter ants and the mutualist fungal gardens they cultivate. The early life of a leaf‐cutter colony is characterized by the dispersal of a female alate (winged “queen”) carrying a fungal pellet, and the subsequent establishment of a foundress (workerless “queen”) raising her incipient fungal garden and colony. Roaches hitchhike on female alates during leaf‐cutter nuptial flights, which strongly suggests that roaches are vertically transmitted to foundresses and their incipient colonies; however, weak compatibility between roaches and incipient gardens may constrain roach vertical transmission. Reciprocally, opportunities for horizontal transmission between large established colonies with abundant fungal gardens may weaken selection against roach‐induced harm (virulence) of incipient gardens. We use a laboratory experiment, behavioral observations, field surveys, and a transmission model to estimate the effect roaches have on the survivorship of incipient gardens and the frequency of roach vertical transmission. Contrary to traditional assumptions, our results indicate that roaches harm incipient gardens and predominantly use horizontal transmission between established leaf‐cutter colonies. Ultimately, “costs of generalism” associated with infecting disparate stages of a host's lifecycle (e.g., incipient vs. established colonies) may constrain the vertical transmission of roaches and a broad range of symbionts.
Structural features of the mitogenome of the leafhopper genus Cladolidia (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae) and phylogenetic implications in Cicadellidae
Authors: Wang Xianyi , Wang Jiajia , Dai Renhuai
Published: August 2021

The first two complete mitogenomes of the leafhopper genus Cladolidia (C. biungulata and C. robusta) were sequenced and annotated to further explore the phylogeny of Cladolidia. Both the newly sequenced mitogenomes have a typical circular structure, with lengths of 15,247 and 15,376 bp and A + T contents of 78.2% and 78%, respectively. We identified a highly conserved genome organization in the two Cladolidia spp. through comparative analysis that included the following assessments: genome content, gene order, nucleotide composition, codon usage, amino acid composition, and tRNA secondary structure. Moreover, we detected the base heterogeneity of Cicadellidae mitogenomic data and constructed phylogenetic trees using the nucleotide alignments of 12 subfamilies of 58 leafhopper species. We noted a weak heterogeneity in the base composition among the Cicadellidae mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the monophyly of each subfamily was generally well supported in the family Cicadellidae; the main topology was as follows: (Deltocephalinae + (Treehoppers + ((Megophthalminae + (Macropsinae + (Hylicinae + (Coelidiinae +Iassinae)) + (Idiocerinae + (Cicadellinae + (Typhlocybinae + (Mileewinae + (Evacanthinae +Ledrinae)))))))))). Within Coelidiinae, phylogenetic analyses revealed that C. biungulata and C. robusta belong to Coelidiinae and the monophyly of Cladolidia is well supported. In addition, on the basis of complete mitogenome phylogenetic analysis and the comparison of morphological characteristics, we further confirm the genus Olidiana as a paraphyletic group, suggesting that the genus may need taxonomic revisions.
Deep Learning Accelerates the Discovery of Two‐Dimensional Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wu Sicheng , Wang Zhilong , Zhang Haikuo , Cai Junfei , Li Jinjin
Published: August 2021

Two‐dimensional materials with active sites are expected to replace platinum as large‐scale hydrogen production catalysts. However, the rapid discovery of excellent two‐dimensional hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts is seriously hindered due to the long experiment cycle and the huge cost of high‐throughput calculations of adsorption energies. Considering that the traditional regression models cannot consider all the potential sites on the surface of catalysts, we use a deep learning method with crystal graph convolutional neural networks to accelerate the discovery of high‐performance two‐dimensional hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts from two‐dimensional materials database, with the prediction accuracy as high as 95.2%. The proposed method considers all active sites, screens out 38 high performance catalysts from 6,531 two‐dimensional materials, predicts their adsorption energies at different active sites, and determines the potential strongest adsorption sites. The prediction accuracy of the two‐dimensional hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts screening strategy proposed in this work is at the density‐functional‐theory level, but the prediction speed is 10.19 years ahead of the high‐throughput screening, demonstrating the capability of crystal graph convolutional neural networks‐deep learning method for efficiently discovering high‐performance new structures over a wide catalytic materials space.
Effect of a strategy of comprehensive vasodilation versus usual care on health‐related quality of life among patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Belkin Maria , Wussler Desiree , Gualandro Danielle Menosi , Shrestha Samyut , Strebel Ivo , Goudev Assen , Maeder Micha T. , Walter Joan , Flores Dayana , Kozhuharov Nikola , Lopez‐Ayala Pedro , Danier Isabelle , de Oliveira Junior Mucio Tavares , Kobza Richard , Rickli Hans , Breidthardt Tobias , Erne Paul , Münzel Thomas , Mueller Christian
Published: August 2021

Aims

We aimed to assess the long‐term effect of a strategy of comprehensive vasodilation versus usual care on health‐related quality of life (HRQL) among patients with acute heart failure (AHF).

Methods and results

Health‐related quality of life was prospectively assessed by the generic 3‐levelled EQ‐5D and the disease‐specific Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) among adult AHF patients enrolled in an international, multicentre, randomised, open‐label blinded‐end‐point trial of a strategy that emphasized early intensive and sustained vasodilation using maximally tolerated doses of established oral and transdermal vasodilators according to systolic blood pressure. Changes in EQ‐5D and KCCQ from admission to 180 day follow‐up were individually compared between the intensive vasodilatation and the usual care group. Among 666 patients eligible for 180 day follow‐up, 284 (43%, median age 79 years, 35% women) and 198 (30%, median age 77 years, 35% women) had completed the EQ‐5D and KCCQ at baseline and follow‐up, respectively. There was a significant improvement in HRQL as quantified by both, EQ‐5D and KCCQ, from hospitalization to 180 day follow‐up, with no significant differences in the change of HRQL between both treatment strategies. For instance, 39 (26%) versus 33 (25%) patients had an improvement by at least one level in at least two categories in the EQ‐5D. Median increase in KCCQ overall summary score (KCCQ‐OSS) was 17.6 (IQR 2.0–42.6) in the intervention group versus 18.5 (IQR 3.9–39.3) in the usual care group (P < 0.001 vs. baseline, P = 0.945 between groups).

Conclusions

Among patients with AHF, long‐term HRQL quantified by EQ‐5D and KCCQ improved substantially, with overall no significant differences between a strategy of comprehensive vasodilation versus usual care.
Graphdiyne and Ionic Liquid Composite Modified Gold Electrode for Sensitive Voltammetric Analysis of Rutin
Authors: Yan Lijun , Hu Tingxing , Li Xiaoqing , Ding Fengze , Wang Bei , Wang Baoli , Zhang Bingxue , Shi Fan , Sun Wei
Published: August 2021

It is significant to develop a point‐of‐care testing (POCT) method for rapid detection of medicinal molecules. In this paper, a graphdiyne (GDY)‐ionic liquid (IL) composite was prepared via one‐step facile ultrasound preparation process and then modified on gold (Au) electrode surface by simple casting method. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the morphology of GDY‐IL composite. Cyclic voltammetric results proved that GDY‐IL composite on the electrode surface could effectively improve electron transfer rate, which meant that GDY‐IL composite had high conductivity with big surface area. Finally, the modified electrode exhibited excellent performances for rutin detection with wider linear range (8.0×10−9 mol L−1–2.0×10−6 mol L−1 and 2.0×10−6 mol L−1–1.5×10−4 mol L−1) and lower detection limit (2.7 nmol L−1, 3S0/S). The Nafion/GDY‐IL/Au electrode showed good sensitivity and high selectivity, which was satisfactory in analytical application to real samples. Therefore, the GDY‐IL composite modified electrode has the potential applications in the POCT for electrochemical analysis of various medicinal molecules.
Validation of the Microreader 28A ID System: A 6‐dye multiplex amplification assay for forensic application
Authors: Yin Lu , Zhu Jing , Qu Shengqiu , Li Yifan , Liu Yuqing , Yu Zailiang , Yang Fan , Zhang Ranran , Xue Jiaming , Huang Sicheng , Liang Weibo
Published: August 2021

The Microreader 28A ID System is a new 28‐plex genotyping system with 6‐dye multiplex amplification, which allows the simultaneous amplification of all 20 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) core loci (CSF1PO, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, FGA, TH01, TPOX, vWA, D1S1656, D2S441, D2S1338, D10S1248, D12S391, D19S433, D22S1045), plus five extended STRs loci (D6S1043, Penta D, Penta E, DYS391, SE33), 2 Y‐Indels (Rs2032678, Rs771783753), and the amelogenin loci. This system can be used for forensic analyses, such as personal identification, kinship testing, scientific research, database applications, and other aspects of human genetic identification.

The validation of the Microreader 28A ID System followed the “Validation Guidelines for DNA Analysis Methods (2016)” described by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods and the regulations published by the China Ministry of Public Security. Our tests included PCR‐based studies, sensitivity study, precision and accuracy evaluation, stutter percentage and heterozygous peak height ratio, inhibitor tests, species specificity, and population studies. The validation results suggest that the Microreader 28A ID system is a robust and reliable amplification kit for personal identification, kinship testing, and forensic database applications.
Toward improved stability of nonfullerene organic solar cells: Impact of interlayer and built‐in potential
Authors: Lan Weixia , Gu Jialu , Wu Shiwei , Peng Yan , Zhao Min , Liao Yingjie , Xu Tao , Wei Bin , Ding Liming , Zhu Furong
Published: August 2021

Improved efficiency and stability of the organic solar cells (OSCs) are the critical considerations for practical applications. The interface between the interlayer and bulk heterojunction has recently been shown as one of the weak links associated with the degradation in the nonfullerene acceptor (NFA)‐based OSCs. It shows that the removal of the interfacial chemical reactions between the 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydroinden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile (INCN) moieties in NFA and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) hole extraction layer (HEL) is desired for enhancing the device stability. In this work, we show that the use of a bilayer MoO3/antimonene HEL favors the operational stability in OSCs through maintaining a high built‐in potential and suppression of an undesired interfacial reaction between INCN moieties in NFA and the PEDOT structures in PEDOT:PSS. A power conversion efficiency of 16.68% is also obtained for the OSCs with a bilayer MoO3/antimonene HEL, prepared using a blend system of PM6:Y6, demonstrating its suitability for high‐performance OSCs.

image
Microbial, physiochemical and functional properties of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum enriched by green tea aqueous extract
Authors: Rahmani Fatemeh , Gandomi Hassan , Noori Negin , Faraki Azita , Farzaneh Melika
Published: August 2021

In this study, the effect of aqueous extract of green tea on the viability of probiotic bacteria including Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum and the sensory and physicochemical and functional properties of synbiotic yogurt was investigated during 4 weeks of storage. L. acidophilus and B. bifidum counts did not significantly change in yogurt containing 0.5% and 1% of the extract during storage. Also, the addition of the extract to yogurt highly increased the phenolic compounds, since the amount of phenolic compounds in yogurt containing 0.5% and 1% extract was 660 and 1,123 mg gallic acid/kg, respectively. In addition, a significant increase in the antioxidant activity of yogurt containing green tea extract was observed in comparison with the control. The amount of antioxidant activity increased during 4 weeks of storage, which reached to 4,193 and 7,337 mg BHT eq./kg in probiotic yogurt containing 0.5% and 1% extract, respectively. The acidity increased during 4 weeks of storage, while the pH decreased. Addition of the extract significantly increased the acidity of probiotic yogurt compared with the control (p < .05). In addition, in all studied groups, an increase in syneresis was observed during the study, and the syneresis was greater in yogurt containing aqueous extract of green tea, compared with the control group. Although adding the green tea extract to probiotic yogurt impaired taste, texture, and appearance compared with the plain yogurt, the overall acceptability of these samples was yet above the acceptable level. In conclusion, the results of the study showed that the addition of aqueous extract of green tea increased the antioxidant properties and the amount of phenolic compounds in yogurt, while the viability of probiotic bacteria was not changed. Therefore, the simultaneous use of green tea extract and probiotics in yogurt is recommended as an effective functional food formulation.
Treatment outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and transoral robotic surgery in locoregionally advanced laryngopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Solimeno Lorenzo S. , Park Young Min , Lim Jae‐Yol , Koh Yoon Woo , Kim Se‐Heon
Published: August 2021

Background

We aimed to identify the optimal indications of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in patients with locoregionally advanced (T3‐4 or N2‐3) head and neck cancer (HNC).

Methods

A total of 50 patients were included in the study.

Results

T1 was identified in seven cases, T2 in 19, T3 in 22, and T4 in 2. N0 was identified in nine cases, N1 in 18, N2 in 22, and N3 in 1. There were 25 patients (50%) with complete remission of the primary lesion and 25 patients (50%) with partial remission. On pathologic examination of surgical specimens after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and TORS, 2 patients (4%) had a positive surgical margin, and 48 patients (96%) had a negative margin. Pathologic metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) were not observed in 39 cases (78%), and one metastatic LN was observed in 11 cases (22%). The 3‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) of all patients was 85.4%. On multivariate analysis, lymphovascular invasion showed a significant correlation with RFS.

Conclusions

In patients with locoregionally advanced HNC, NACT and TORS achieved favorable oncologic and functional outcomes.
Effect of variable heat generation/absorption on magnetohydrodynamic Sakiadis flow of Casson/Carreau hybrid nanoliquid due to a persistently moving needle
Authors: Chalavadi Sulochana , Madde Poornima , Naramgari Sandeep , Gangadhar Poojari Ashwinkumar
Published: August 2021

A numerical investigation is performed in the present research to confer the boundary layer characteristics of MHD flow of hybrid nanoliquids across a stagnation region of the poignant needle with thermal radiation and irregular heat source/sink effects. The hybrid nanoliquid utilized in this study is composed of uniquely manufactured aluminum alloys AA7075/AA7072 suspended in methanol liquid. Simultaneous results are depicted for Casson hybrid nanoliquid and Carreau hybrid nanoliquid for the Sakiadis fluid flow circumstance. The transmuted ordinary differential equations are resolved by means of the Runge–Kutta method with a shooting scheme. Numerical outcomes of momentum, thermal, and concentration distributions are deployed by means of graphical trends and wall friction, thermal, and mass transport rates are interpreted using tabular values. It reveals from the results that the occurrence of a special variety of alloy hybrid nanoparticles significantly surpasses the thermal transport performance of the host liquid. Also, the heat transport operation of the Casson fluid model is notably superior to the Carreau fluid model. Also, thermal distributions of the Carreau fluid model are substantially amplified by a rise in volume fraction of hybrid particles than the Casson fluid model.
An environmental scan of impacts and interventions for women with methamphetamine use in pregnancy and their children
Authors: Ackerman Melissa , Madampage Claudia , Epp Lynette J. , Gartner Kali , King Alexandra
Published: August 2021

Background

Indigenous women are overrepresented among people who use (PWU) methamphetamine (MA) due to colonialism and intergenerational trauma. Prenatal methamphetamine exposure (PME) is increasing as the number of PWUMA of childbearing age grows. Yet impacts of MA in pregnancy and effective interventions are not yet well understood.

Objective

We conducted an environmental scan of published and grey literature (2010–2020) to determine effects of MA use in pregnancy for mothers and their offspring, effective interventions and implications for Indigenous women.

Search strategy

A strategic search of Ovid Medline, Embase, ProQuest—Public Health and CINAHL databases identified academic literature, while Google and ProQuest—Public Health identified grey literature.

Selection criteria

Article selection was based on titles, abstracts and keywords. The time frame captured recent MA composition and excluded literature impacted by coronavirus disease 2019.

Data collection and analysis

Data extracted from 80 articles identified 463 results related to 210 outcomes, and seven interventions. Analysis focused on six categories: maternal, neonatal/infant, cognitive, behavioral, neurological, and interventions.

Main results

Maternal outcomes were more congruent than child outcomes. The most prevalent outcomes were general neonatal/infant outcomes.

Conclusion

A lack of Indigenous‐specific research on PME and interventions highlights a need for future research that incorporates relevant historical and sociocultural contexts.
Perspectives about smoking cessation during pregnancy and beyond of Aboriginal women in Australia: A qualitative analysis using the COM‐B model
Authors: Rahman Tabassum , Foster Joley , Hera Fuentes Gina L. , Cameron Liz , Gould Gillian S.
Published: August 2021

Objective

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women (hereafter Aboriginal) and their babies experience poor health outcomes for which smoking is a major risk factor. This paper explores Aboriginal women's perspectives on and experiences of smoking cessation, within and outside pregnancy, and their use of smoking cessation services using the COM‐B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation as determinants of Behaviour) model to understand Aboriginal women's capabilities, opportunities, and motivation for smoking cessation.

Methods

Data came from 11 focus groups conducted in regional New South Wales, Australia, with 80 women aged between 16 and 68 years. Thematic analysis was performed following the COM‐B model.

Results

Seven themes related to capability, opportunity, motivation, and smoking cessation behaviors were identified. The themes highlighted that agency, knowledge, and self‐efficacy (as capability), a supportive social environment, and access to culturally appropriate services and resources (as opportunities), together with automatic and reflective motivations for quitting, may enable short‐ or long‐term smoking cessation.

Conclusion

Smoking cessation interventions may be more effective if the dynamics of the COM‐B factors are considered. Policy and practice changes for further enhancing regional Aboriginal women's psychological capability and supportive social environments, and making smoking cessation services culturally appropriate are warranted.
Association of mid‐trimester maternal angiogenic biomarkers with small‐for‐gestational‐age infants in an urban Zambian cohort: a nested case‐control study
Authors: Mabula‐Bwalya Chileshe M. , Smithmyer Megan E. , Mwape Humphrey , Chipili Gabriel , Conner Madelyn , Vwalika Bellington , De Paris Kristina , Stringer Jeffrey S.A. , Price Joan T.
Published: August 2021

Objective

To investigate whether angiogenic biomarker concentrations differ between women who deliver small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) infants (<10th centile birth weight for gestational age) compared with controls, because identifying SGA risk early could improve outcomes.

Methods

This case‐control study compared serum concentrations of angiogenic biomarkers before 24 weeks of pregnancy from 62 women who delivered SGA infants (cases) and 62 control women from an urban Zambian cohort. Odds of delivering an SGA infant were calculated using conditional logistic regression.

Results

Placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase (sFLT‐1) and soluble endoglin (sEng) in controls were 37.74 pg/mL (interquartile range [IQR] 23.12–63.15), 2525.18 pg/mL (IQR 1502.21–4265.54) and 2408.18 pg/mL (IQR 1854.87–3017.94), respectively. SGA cases had higher PlGF (40.50 pg/mL, IQR 22.81–67.94) and sFLT‐1 (2613.06 pg/mL, IQR 1720.58–3722.50), and lower sEng (2038.06 pg/mL, IQR 1445.25–3372.26). Participants with sEng concentration below and concomitant sFLT‐1 concentration above their respective thresholds (n = 40) had five‐fold higher odds of SGA (adjusted odds ratio 4.77, 95% confidence interval 1.61–14.1; P = 0.005).

Conclusion

Biomarker concentrations were similar between cases and controls. Participants with concomitant low sEng and high sFLT‐1 had the highest odds of SGA, suggesting that a combination of biomarkers may better for predicting SGA than single biomarkers.
Systems Thinking and Business Resilience: Questions That Should Keep Us Up at Night
Authors: Siviy Jeannine , Kim Gene
Published: August 2021

As interdisciplinary systems thinkers, we in the systems engineering field – especially the members of the Systems and Software Interface Working Group (SaSIWG) – are wired to believe that a “systems mindset should be everywhere.” To catalyze the conversation about increasing the relevance of systems engineering and systems thinking in software‐ and data‐intensive settings, this paper offers eight thought questions, which span governance, people, process, technology, and business concerns. The goal: resilience in the face of ever‐increasing volatility and complexity. Join our conversation!
Balancing loading, cellular uptake, and toxicity of gelatin‐pluronic nanocomposite for drug delivery: Influence of HLB of pluronic
Authors: Das Ram Pada , Gandhi Vishwa V. , Singh Beena G. , Kunwar Amit
Published: August 2021

In this study, pluronic stabilized gelatin nanocomposite of varying hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) were synthesized to study the effect of surface hydrophobicity on their cellular uptake and in turn the delivery of a model hydrophobic bioactive compound, curcumin (CUR). Notably, the variation in HLB from 22 to 8 did not cause much change in morphology (~spherical) and surface charge (~ −6.5 mV) while marginally reducing the size of nanocomposite from 165 ± 097 nm to 134 ± 074 nm. On contrary, nanocomposites exhibited a very significant increase in their numbers, hydrophobicity as well as CUR loading with decreasing HLB values (22‐8) of pluronic. Further, the cellular uptake of CUR through pluronic‐gelatin nanocomposites was studied in human lung carcinoma (A549) cells. The results indicated that cellular uptake of CUR through nanocomposites followed the order HLB 22 > HLB 18 > HLB 15 > HLB 8. This was also reflected in terms of the decrease in cytotoxicity of CUR through nanocomposite of HLB 8 as compared to that of HLB 22. Interestingly, bare nanocomposite of HLB 8 showed significantly higher cytotoxicity as compared to that of HLB 22. Together these results suggested that although higher hydrophobicity of the gelatin‐pluronic nanocomposite facilitated higher entrapment of CUR, the carrier per se became toxic due to its hydrophobic interaction with lipid bilayer of plasma membrane. Thus, HLB parameter is very important in designing hybrid nanocomposite systems involving protein and pluronic to ensure both bio‐compatibility of the carrier and the optimum cellular delivery of the pay load.
Chemical profiling of Zilong Jin tablets using ultra high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Kang Jian , Sun Zhi , Xue Lianping , Li Zhuolun , Bao Xiaoyue , Wang Zhenhui , Fan Feng , Li Shengjie , Hu Die , Zhang Xiaojian , Zuo Lihua
Published: August 2021

Zilongjin tablets as a traditional Chinese medicine are widely used for primary lung cancer patients with deficiency of “qi ” and “blood ” syndrome undergoing chemotherapy. It is a compound preparation that consists of eight herbs. To clarify the chemical profiling of Zilong Jin tablets rapidly, a feasible and accurate strategy was developed by the ultra high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. According to the accurate mass and fragment ion information provided by high resolution mass spectrometry, the compounds were reasonably identified. In total, 74 compounds were characterized, including 20 flavonoids, 14 quinones, 15 organic acids, 6 phthalide compounds, and 19 other compounds. Among them, 34 major compounds were unambiguously confirmed by comparing with reference standards. This study could provide an important scientific basis for further research on quality control, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and clinical application of Zilong Jin tablets.
Vascularized Prelaminated Thermoplastic Bioabsorbable Scaffold in Tracheal Reconstruction
Authors: Vernon Dominic , Eytan Danielle F. , Hillel Alexander , Boahene Kofi
Published: August 2021

Successful tracheal reconstruction remains a challenging task for the reconstructive surgeon. A variety of techniques have been previously employed, using both autografts and allografts. The authors present a novel method for tracheal reconstruction utilizing a prelaminated fascial flap in conjunction with a bioabsorbable scaffold. Laryngoscope, 132:550–553, 2022
Adjuvant Therapy and Prognosticators of Survival in Head and Neck Mucosal Melanoma
Authors: Abiri Arash , Yasaka Tyler M. , Lehrich Brandon M. , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Papagiannopoulos Peter , Tajudeen Bobby A. , St. John Maie A. , Harris Jeremy P. , Kuan Edward C.
Published: August 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

To identify prognosticators and determine the efficacies of surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy (SR) and surgery with immunotherapy (SI) of head and neck mucosal melanoma (HNMM).

Study Design

Retrospective database study.

Methods

The 2004 to 2017 National Cancer Database was queried for HNMM patients. Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan‐Meier analyses evaluated prognosticators of mortality and survival benefits conferred by SR, SI, or surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy and immunotherapy (SRI). Logistic regression identified predictors of adjuvant radiotherapy or immunotherapy use.

Results

Overall, 1,910 cases (845 surgery, 802 SR, 51 SI, 101 SRI) were analyzed, with 50.3% females and an average age of 68.6 ± 13.8 years. SI was associated with greater overall survival (OS) than surgery (hazard ratio [HR] 0.672; P = .036). SI (HR 0.425; P = .024) and SRI (HR 0.594; P = .045) were associated with superior OS than SR. Older age (HR 1.607; P < .001), female sex (HR 0.757; P = .006), paranasal sinus localization (HR 1.648; P < .001), T4 classification (HR 1.443; P < .001), N1 classification (HR 2.310; P < .001), M1 classification (HR 3.357; P < .001), and positive surgical margins (HR 1.454; P < .001) were survival prognosticators. Adjuvant radiotherapy use was negatively correlated with older age, oral cavity localization, and M0 or T3 tumors (all P < .05). Adjuvant immunotherapy use was positively correlated with younger age and M1 tumors (all P < .05).

Conclusions

Although SR did not confer survival benefits in HNMM patients, SI and SRI yielded greater OS than surgery alone. SRI was associated with superior survival outcomes than SR. Certain demographic and clinical factors were associated with increased mortality risk. Patient age and certain tumor characteristics were predictors of adjuvant radiotherapy or immunotherapy use.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 132:584–592, 2022
Microscopic Characterization of Poly(Sulfur Nitride)
Authors: Amado Elkin , Hasan Nazmul , Busse Karsten , Kressler Jörg
Published: August 2021

The morphology of poly(sulfur nitride) (SNx) in bulk crystals and in thin films is investigated by grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GI WAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). SNxcrystals are grown in S2N2crystals by topochemical solid‐state polymerization and thin SNxfilms are prepared by sublimation/repolymerization of SNxor by mechanical deformation of crystals onto silicon substrates. Details of the crystallographic orientation of two different thin films are observed by GI WAXS. PeakForce Tunneling (PF‐TUNA) atomic force microscopy provides information on the electrical conductivity of SNxcrystal together with its morphology in the nm range. The current–voltage (I–V) curves show ohmic behavior indicating the metallic nature of SNx.
The associations of CNR1 SNPs and haplotypes with vulnerability and treatment response phenotypes in Han Chinese with major depressive disorder: A case–control association study
Authors: Yang Chenghao , Nolte Ilja M. , Ma Yanyan , An Xuguang , Bosker Fokko J. , Li Jie
Published: August 2021

Background

Understanding how genetic polymorphisms are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) may aid in diagnosis and the development of personalized treatment strategies. CNR1 is the gene coding Cannabinoid type 1 receptor which is highly involved in emotional processing and in regulating neurotransmitter releases. We aimed to investigate the associations of CNR1 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with MDD susceptibility and treatment response.

Methods

The study reported data on 181 Han Chinese with MDD and 80 healthy controls. The associations of CNR1 genetic polymorphisms with MDD susceptibility and treatment response were examined, wherein the MDD patients were subgrouped further by responding to antidepressant treatment, compared with healthy controls separately.

Results

The CNR1 SNPs rs806367 and rs6454674 and haplotype C‐T‐T‐C of rs806366, rs806367, rs806368, and rs806370 were associated with increased susceptibility for MDD and antidepressant treatment resistance, but the association was not detected in other SNPs or the haplotype block of rs806368 and rs806370.

Conclusion

The CNR1 is a promising candidate for the genetic association study of MDD. Larger and well‐characterized samples are required to confirm the genetic association of CNR1 with MDD because of the limitations such as relatively small sample size and lack of information for correcting confounding factors.
Forging a new mental health culture
Authors: McGeehan John
Published: August 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic has created a devastating mental health crisis unlike anything we have ever seen. The demand for care is tremendous, and with that has come its own challenge: Hiring for top talent in our industry has never been more competitive.
Transient glyphosate encephalopathy due to a suicide attempt
Authors: Yokoyama Saaya , Sugisaki Tomomi , Ryota Yoshida , Yoshiteru Sato , Okayasu Hiroaki , Shioda Mukuto , Suzuki Keisuke , Yasui‐Furukori Norio , Shimoda Kazutaka
Published: August 2021

Aim

Glyphosate‐containing herbicides are less toxic than paraquat and are one of the most widely used herbicides today.

Case presentation

We report a case of ingestion of a pesticide containing glyphosate in a suicide attempt. The patient was admitted to the psychiatric department because of persistent suicidal thoughts. He suffered from short‐term memory impairment on day 3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed swelling in the bilateral medial temporal lobes and hippocampi and high signal on T2‐weighted images. Gradually, the patient's cognitive impairments improved, and he was discharged on day 33.

Conclusion

A physician should examine the patient with the possibility of glyphosate encephalopathy in mind.
Registration of ‘Castella’ soft white winter club wheat
Authors: Garland Campbell Kimberly , Allan Robert E. , Carter Arron H. , DeMacon Patricia , Klarquist Emily , Wen Nuan , Chen Xianming , Steber Camille M. , Morris Craig , See Deven , Esser Aaron , Engle Doug , Higginbotham Ryan , Mundt Chris , Murray Timothy D.
Published: August 2021

Soft white winter club wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. compactum) is a specialty class of soft wheat prized for its end‐use quality. Our goal was to develop a broadly adapted club wheat cultivar targeted to the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) with competitive agronomic and end‐use quality characteristics. ‘Castella’ (Reg no. CV‐1185, PI 695319), a tall semi‐dwarf awnless white‐kernel club wheat, was selected using the bulk‐pedigree breeding method, from the cross NY89‐66‐7131//B980696//‘Chukar’. In the seedling stage, Castella is resistant to PSTv‐51 and PSTv‐40 but susceptible to races PSTv‐4, PSTv‐14, and PSTv‐37 of the stripe rust pathogen. Castella exhibited excellent adult‐plant resistance to the pathogen in multiyear trials. Castella is resistant to toxic levels of aluminum and to the biotype of Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor Say) that is prevalent in the PNW. Across 72 environments, Castella exhibited competitive grain yields compared with existing club and soft white cultivars and higher grain volume weight than the club wheat check ‘Bruehl’. Castella has maintained a falling number above 300 s more frequently than Bruehl and the club wheat ‘Pritchett’ in multiple testing years. Castella has excellent milling and baking properties including superior sponge cake volume and will increase the quality of the club wheat crop in the PNW.
High‐Quality Plasmonic Materials TiN and ZnO:Al by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Izyumskaya Natalia , Fomra Dhruv , Ding Kai , Morkoç Hadis , Kinsey Nathaniel , Özgür Ümit , Avrutin Vitaliy
Published: August 2021

Electromagnetic radiation when coupled to collective oscillations of free electrons, dubbed as plasmonics, makes it possible to manipulate light at dimensions well below the diffraction limit and substantially enhances light–matter interaction. Plasmonics has already enabled many novel technologies with a wide variety of application in chemical and biosensing, medical treatments, nonlinear and quantum optics, metamaterials, optical nanotweezers, nanolasers, solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, and telecommunications. Coating the well‐established semiconductor circuitry with metals, such as Au and Ag, imparts the stack with much coveted plasmonic properties, but the metals suffer from high dissipative losses, limited optical tunability, and poor mechanical, chemical, and thermal stabilities, which render them undesirable. Emerging alternative plasmonic materials, such as TiN and ZnO:Al, overcome these limitations and offer wide tunability of their electrical and optical properties. Among a wide range of techniques used for the preparation of TiN and ZnO:Al thin films, atomic layer deposition (ALD) offers advantages such as conformity, scalability, and low growth temperature, which makes this technique the most suitable for the integration of plasmonics with the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) electronics. Herein, a brief review of recent advances in ALD‐grown TiN and ZnO:Al thin films as pertained to plasmonic applications is given.
Potential protective effects of Aloe vera gel on cardiovascular diseases: A mini‐review
Authors: Sabbaghzadegan Saeideh , Golsorkhi Haide , Soltani Mohammad Hossein , Kamalinejad Mohammad , Bahrami Mohsen , Kabir Ali , Dadmehr Majid
Published: August 2021

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) comprise the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality in both men and women worldwide. CVDs are associated with several risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, tobacco smoking and an unhealthy diet. Currently, in addition to the use of related pharmacological treatments in the management of CVDs, the investigation of other suitable healthcare approaches for these disorders such as the identification of herbal medicines has been considered in the scientific communities. Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. is a perennial medicinal plant. The innermost leaf layer of this plant contains transparent gel, which is used as food. Pre‐clinical studies have shown several biological activities of A. vera gel (AVG), including antidiabetic, lipid‐lowering, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. Other pharmacological activities of AVG such as anti‐fibrotic, anti‐hypertensive, and anti‐atherosclerotic effects have been reported. Moreover, several clinical studies have demonstrated the ameliorating effects of AVG on some markers of CVDs risk factors. Thus, this study was conducted to review clinical trials besides in vitro and in vivo studies on the cardiac beneficial effects of AVG. However, further high‐quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the plant.
Learning‐based mutant reduction using fine‐grained mutation operators
Authors: Kim Yunho , Hong Shin
Published: August 2021

For mutation testing, the huge cost of running test suites on a large number of mutants has been a serious obstacle. To resolve this problem, we propose a learning‐based mutant reduction techniqueMuTrain.MuTrainuses cost‐considerate linear regression (i.e., CLARS) to learn amutation model, which predicts the mutation score of a test suite based on the mutation testing results of a previous version of a target program. Then,MuTrainapplies the mutation model for subsequent versions to predict mutation scores with significantly fewer mutants. For effective mutant reduction and accurate mutation score prediction,MuTrainuses fine‐grained mutation operators refined from the existing coarse‐grained mutation operators. The experiment results show thatMuTrainreduces the number of mutants effectively (i.e., selecting only 1.6% of mutants). Moreover,MuTrainpredicts mutation score far more accurately than the existing mutant reduction techniques and random mutant selection. We also found thatMuTrainachieves much greater mutant reduction when it uses the fine‐grained mutation operators than the traditional coarse‐grained mutation operators (i.e., 1.6% vs. 14.6%).
An end to endemic disease on farm?
Authors: Statham Jonathan , Seals Michael
Published: August 2021

The Animal Health and Welfare Pathway, which is set to launch in 2022, aims to reduce endemic disease in livestock by creating an all‐encompassing approach to health and welfare, with vets at the heart. Here, Josh Loeb speaks to Jonathan Statham and Michael Seals about how this initiative will work