bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linquistic challenges faced by assitatnt teachers of english in Limpopo province: the case of two primary schools
Authors: Morethe Taetso Mphokane Asnath , Kekana Tebogo Johannes , Montle Malesela Edward
Published: May 2023

This study explored the linguistic challenges, faced by Assistant Teachers of English in the classroom with specific reference to two primary schools in the Limpopo province, South Africa. The study also investigated the perceptions of English teachers and learners on the support, received from Assistant Teachers in English classrooms. The study used interviews to investigate and explore various linguistic challenges, faced by Assistant Teachers. Data was also collected using questionnaires, which were designed to compare perceptions of English teachers and learners who received support from Assistant Teachers. Data from questionnaires was analysed quantitatively, and data from interviews was analysed qualitatively. This study was prompted by the increasing number of Assistant Teachers, required in South African schools. Furthermore, several research studies found that Assistant Teachers struggle to assist learners in Mathematics, English and Science. Amongst other things, the study revealed that Assistant Teachers of English have inadequate English language competency to assist in English classrooms. Challenges in grammar, sentence structure, word formation, comprehension, and difficulty to express themselves in English contribute to Assistant Teachers’ incompetence in the English language. Although learners find the support of Assistant Teachers in the English classroom helpful for the teaching and learning process, English teachers are concerned with the quality of education, received by learners, since they are aware of the lack of English competency amongst Assistant Teachers of English. The overall findings of this study revealed that there is a need to appoint well-trained Assistant Teachers that will not only benefit teachers but be able to provide learners with the quality education they deserve. Findings from this study could contribute to improving the quality of education in primary schools.
Revealing the influence of temperature and moisture content on electrophysical parameters of raw apple materials
Authors: Savoiskyi Oleksandr , Sirenko Viktor
Published: May 2023

Additional heating of fruit raw materials in the drying process by direct passage of alternating electric current makes it possible to intensify the dehydration process by 3–5 times.

The amount of added thermal energy during direct electric heating depends, first of all, on the value of the specific electrical resistance of the raw material. Therefore, the list of necessary properties of the material must necessarily include the specific electrical resistance of the raw material as an integral indicator.

During drying with additional direct electric heating, the concentration of dry soluble substances, which directly depends on the moisture content of the studied raw material, and its temperature change throughout the drying time. This indicates a change in specific electrical resistance during the dehydration process. It was determined that the initial resistivity of apples before drying at a temperature of 20 °C and a moisture content of 8 kg/kg is within 195–220 Ohm•m, which indicates the high conductivity of the material.

With a decrease in moisture content from 8 to 6 kg/kg, the specific electrical resistance of the raw material decreases by 25–30 % compared to the initial values. With a further decrease in moisture content below 6 kg/kg, the electrical resistivity of the raw material begins to gradually increase.

At the same time as the temperature rises, there is a significant decrease in specific electrical resistance. When heating raw materials from 25 to 55 °C, the value of specific resistance decreases by 10–13 times.

The equation of the dependence of the specific electrical resistance of apple raw material on its moisture content and temperature for the studied apple varieties was obtained.

The obtained results of the change in the value of the specific resistance provide the necessary data for the development of an energy-saving technological device for drying fruits and the selection of optimal processing conditions in compliance with quality indicators
Dengue fever in Nigeria: a mini review
Authors: Tizhe Daniel Thakuma , Dashe Dentsen Fortune , Kwaga Jacob Kwada Paghi
Published: May 2023

Dengue is a disease caused by dengue virus. It is a major mosquito-borne viral disease of humans that is endemic in areas of tropical and subtropical regions, which are environmentally suitable for vector propagation. The disease poses a major threat to the overwhelmed and weak public healthcare delivery system in the developing world, especially in Africa where febrile illnesses are common. The disease undermines the fight against febrile illnesses as infection with dengue often remains undetected or misdiagnosed as malaria or other febrile diseases. This review article highlights dengue epidemiology in Nigeria, dengue transmission dynamics, pathogenesis, diagnosis and current interventions strategies, challenges in addressing dengue infection and future prospects towards dengue elimination. The literature search for publications on dengue virus infection in Nigeria was performed using Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, African Journals Online and other scholarly online databases. Dengue remains a threat to Nigeria and other African countries. In Nigeria, the occurrence of this infection remains a low priority in the public health sector even though it has been reported in about 17 states across the country. The reports of dengue infection in all the geo-political zones suggests active transmission of dengue, hence the need to consider other etiologies of febrile illnesses and engage the public to sustain local involvement as local risk to dengue outbreaks is linked to the population’s knowledge, attitude and behavioral practices that encourage vector breeding
Ventajas y limitaciones del modelo de lucha de Axel Honneth. Una puesta en práctica en Colombia
Authors: García Montoya Juan Miguel , Motato Giraldo Laura Raquel
Published: May 2023

Este artículo revisa el modelo teórico de lucha elaborado por Axel Honneth en su libro La lucha por el reconocimiento, a partir de ejemplos prácticos de movimientos sociales contemporáneos y cercanos a nuestro contexto. De tal forma, pretende responder a cuestiones tales como las motivaciones para el surgimiento de la acción colectiva, sus formas de articulación y cómo pueden ser dirimidas aquellas situaciones en que distintas exigencias morales se ven enfrentadas entre sí. Para ello, se estudia el alcance explicativo, no sólo de la noción de lucha, sino también de las ideas de moral, amor, menosprecio e integridad personal (o identidad) que defiende el autor.
La psicopatología como máscara de la existencia.
Authors: Londoño Hernández Cristian Daniel
Published: May 2023

La psicopatología en la actualidad es analizada y comprendida desde una perspectiva objetivista, dejando de lado la relación que el sujeto mantiene con su propia existencia, enfatizando simplemente en lo observable, lo medible y lo cuantificable. Desde el enfoque humanista-existencialista se busca dar una comprensión de la misma desde una perspectiva fenomenológica, la cual permite relacionar la experiencia inmediata y la construcción de la realidad de cada individuo, y como una incoherencia entre ambas puede llevar a la angustia, y por ende a la negación de la libertad, el deseo, la voluntad y la intencionalidad.
La autorreflexión en la práctica del profesional en desarrollo familiar
Authors: Hernández Melchor Jhon Prey
Published: May 2023

La reflexividad constituye un amplio campo de estudio en relación con sus formas de implementación. En esta, la autorreflexividad cobra relevancia para el ejercicio del desarrollo familiar; dado que los profesionales, fundamentados en un enfoque sistémico, se consideran a sí mismos como parte de los sistemas que acompañan. En este caso, para los abordajes familiares, el profesional y sus prácticas también son sujeto de reflexión. Plantear la relevancia que cobra el tema, permitirá nuevas comprensiones que trasciendan la experiencia cotidiana y valoren la autoreflexividad como una competencia de transformación personal y consolidación profesional. Este texto presenta una reflexión orientada al reconocimiento de esta como recurso, postura profesional y proceso de crecimiento. Una provocación que permita al lector sumergirse en el quehacer del profesional de desarrollo familiar y su praxis como agente de transformación.
A veces uno es
Authors: Castrillón Andrés Alfredo
Published: May 2023

A veces uno se cansa de ser lo que es y ya no quiere serlo más, pero no se puede dejar de ser sin más. Lo que se es sigue siendo mientras uno esté, sigue estando mientras uno es. Por mucho que uno no quiera ser lo que es lo sigue siendo hasta que deje de serlo por la gracia de un disparo, por la compasión de un infarto, por la justa muerte libre. Si el que es es un idiota, idiota seguirá siendo hasta que muera o, en su defecto, hasta que gire su ser y con ello su existencia, su vida.
On uniform consistency of Neyman’s type nonparametric tests
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ermakov Mikhail S. , Kapatsa David Yu. ,   Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2023

The goodness-of-fit problem is explored, when the test statistic is a linear combination of squared Fourier coefficients’ estimates coming from the Fourier decomposition of a probability density. Common examples of such statistics include Neyman’s test statistics and test statistics, generated by L2-norms of kernel estimators. We prove the asymptotic normality of the test statistic for both the null and alternative hypothesis. Using these results we deduce conditions of uniform consistency for nonparametric sets of alternatives, which are defined in terms of distribution or density functions. Results on uniform consistency, related to the distribution functions, can be seen as a statement showing to what extent the distance method, based on a given test statistic, makes the hypothesis and alternatives distinguishable. In this case, the deduced conditions of uniform consistency are close to necessary. For sequences of alternatives - defined in terms of density functions - approaching the hypothesis in L2-metric, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for their consistency. This result is obtained in terms of the concept of maxisets, the description of which for given test statistics is found in this publication.
Separation of the roots of the systems of nonlinear equations. Stochastic approach
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ermakov Sergei M. , Leora Svetlana N. ,   St Petersburg State University of Economics
Published: May 2023

The work is devoted to the actual problem of separating the roots of nonlinear systems of equations in the case of many variables. The well-known method of reducing the problem of solving the system to an equivalent extremal problem, which is supposed to be solved by one of the methods of stochastic optimization. The annealing simulation modeling method and its modification are chosen, which are especially interesting in that they allow efficient implementation on quantum computers. Since quantum ccomputers based on simulated annealing demonstrate quantum superiority, the results obtained can be useful in solving systems of equations on these computing systems.
Differential resonant MEMS accelerometer: Synchronization characteristics of weakly coupled microbeam sensing elements
Authors:   Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, Indeitsev Dmitriy A. , Igumnova Vasilisa S. ,   Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, Lukin Alexei V. ,   Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, Popov Ivan A. ,   Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, Shtukin Lev V. ,   Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University,   Institute of Problems in Mechanical Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2023

This work is devoted to studying the conditions and scenarios for synchronizing oscillations of weakly coupled microbeam elements of a differential resonant MEMS accelerometer operating in the dual-loop self-oscillator mode. The model of a system of two Van der Pol self-oscillators with a nonlinear elastic coupling between moving elements, obtained using the Galerkin method, was studied using the multiscale method. The modes of beats and synchronization of oscillations of two resonators are found analytically and numerically, and the boundary between these modes in the space of system parameters is determined. Along with a local bifurcation analysis of the considered stationary regimes, a global analysis of the evolution and branching of limit cycles in the space of slow variables was also carried out, which made it possible to detect zones of coexistence of stable synchronization and beat regimes with their basins of attraction. The influence of the factor of the designed or technologically determined non-identity of the design of two resonators on the location of the parametric zones of synchronization and beats is studied.
Natural vibrations of a cylindrical shell with the end cap. II. Analysis of the spectrum
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Nesterchuk Grigory A. , Smirnov Andrei L. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Filippov Sergei B. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: May 2023

Using numerical and asymptotic methods, the lowest natural frequencies and vibration modes of a structure consisting of a closed circular cylindrical shell with an end cap attached to it, having the shape of a shallow spherical segment, are studied in the paper. Three types of natural vibrations of the structure are described. Eigenfrequencies and modes of vibrations of the first type, close to the frequencies and modes of vibrations of a shallow spherical shell, were studied in previous works. In this paper, we study the forms and frequencies of the second type of vibrations (cylindrical shell) and the third type (cantilever beam with the load). An optimization problem is solved to determine the values of the structure parameters, the relative thickness of its elements and the curvature of the end cap, at which the minimum value of the natural frequency is maximum. A comparison of the asymptotic and numerical results reveals their good agreement.
Low-cost treatment method for organic matter and nutrients in landfill leachate
Authors: Perera G. R. Y. , Dayanthi W. K. C. Neetha
Published: May 2023

In this study, the ability of low-cost composite adsorbents to treat organic compounds in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) was investigated. The composite adsorbents were composed of washed sea sand (WSS), dewatered alum sludge (DAS), zero-valent iron (ZVI), and granular activated carbon (GAC). The removal efficiency of COD in landfill leachate by a composite adsorbent (composed of WSS (40%), DAS (40%), ZVI (10%), and GAC (10%) in weight) was 79.93 ± 1.95%. The corresponding adsorption capacity was 8.5 mg/g. During batch sorption experiments, the maximum COD removal efficiencies given by DAS, WSS, ZVI, and GAC were 16, 51.3, 42, and 100.0%, respectively. The maximum removal efficiencies of the above composite adsorbent for TN and TP were 84.9 and 97.4%, respectively, and the adsorption capacities were 1.85 and 0.55 mg/g, respectively. The Elovich isotherm model gave the best fit for COD, TN, and TP adsorption. This composite adsorbent can treat more than one contaminant simultaneously. The application of DAS and ZVI to make an efficient adsorbent for wastewater treatment would be a good re-use application for them, which would otherwise be landfilled directly after their generation.
The Impact of lncRNA-GAS5/miRNA-200/ACE2 Molecular Pathway
on the Severity of COVID-19
Authors: Ayeldeen Ghada , Shaker Olfat G. , Amer Eman , Zaafan Mai A. , Herzalla Mohamed R. , Keshk Mofida A. , Abdelhamid Amr M.
Published: May 2023

Background:

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-
2), which is responsible for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), potentially has severe
adverse effects, leading to public health crises worldwide. In COVID-19, deficiency of
ACE-2 is linked to increased inflammation and cytokine storms via increased angiotensin
II levels and decreased ACE-2/Mas receptor axis activity. MiRNAs are small
sequences of noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to the targeted
mRNAs. MiR-200 dysfunction has been linked to the development of ARDS following
acute lung injury and has been proposed as a key regulator of ACE2 expression. LncRNA
growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) has been recently studied for its modulatory
effect on the miRNA-200/ACE2 axis.

Objective:

The current study aims to investigate the role of lncRNA GAS5, miRNA-200,
and ACE2 as new COVID-19 diagnostic markers capable of predicting the severity of
SARS-CoV-2 complications.

Methods:

A total of 280 subjects were classified into three groups: COVID-19-negative
controls (n = 80), and COVID-19 patients (n=200) who required hospitalization were
classified into two groups: group (2) moderate cases (n = 112) and group (3) severe cases
(n = 88).

Results:

The results showed that the serum GAS5 expression was significantly down-expressed
in COVID-19 patients; as a consequence, the expression of miR-200 was reported
to be overexpressed and its targeted ACE2 was down-regulated. The ROC curve was
drawn to examine the diagnostic abilities of GAS5, miR-200, and ACE2, yielding high diagnostic
accuracy with high sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion:

lncRNA-GAS5, miRNA-200, and ACE2 panels presented great diagnostic
potential as they demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy for discriminating moderate
COVID-19 and severe COVID-19 cases.
Study on Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao Inhibiting Autophagy in Calcium Oxalate-induced Renal Injury by UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS-based Metabonomics
and Network Pharmacology Approaches
Authors: Liu Wen-Rui , Li Mao-Ting , Zhou Qi , Gao Song-Yan , Hou Jie-Bin , Yang Guo-Bin , Liu Nan-Mei , Jia-Yan  , Yu Jian-Peng , Cheng Jin , Guo Zhi-Yong
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao is a Chinese herbal preparation used to treat urinary
calculi. Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao can protect renal tubular epithelial cells from calcium oxalateinduced
renal injury by inhibiting ROS-mediated autopathy. The mechanism still needs further exploration.
Metabonomics is a new subject; the combination of metabolomics and network pharmacology
can find pathways for drugs to act on targets more efficiently.

Methods:

Comprehensive metabolomics and network pharmacology to study the mechanism of
Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao inhibiting autophagy in calcium oxalate-induced renal injury. Based on
UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, combined with biochemical analysis, a mice model of Calcium oxalateinduced
renal injury was established to study the therapeutic effect of Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao.
Based on the network pharmacology, the target signaling pathway and the protective effect of Fu-
Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao on Calcium oxalate-induced renal injury by inhibiting autophagy were explored.
Autophagy-related proteins LC3-II, BECN1, ATG5, and ATG7 were studied by immunohistochemistry.

Results:

Combining network pharmacology and metabolomics, 50 differential metabolites and
2482 targets related to these metabolites were found. Subsequently, the targets enriched in PI3KAkt,
MAPK and Ras signaling pathways. LC3-II, BECN1, ATG5 and ATG7 were up-regulated in
Calcium oxalate-induced renal injury. All of them could be reversed after the Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-
Cao treatment.

Conclusions:

Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao can reverse ROS-induced activation of the MAPK signaling
pathway and inhibition of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, thereby reducing autophagy damage of
renal tubular epithelial cells in Calcium oxalate-induced renal injury.
Various Effects of the GABAergic System on Cancer: The Conditions and
Specificities of its use in the Treatment of Some Cancers
Authors: Dehkordi Hossein Tahmasebi , Ghasemi Sorayya , Eliyasi Dashtaki Masoumeh
Published: May 2023

GABA is an essential neurotransmitter in tissues other than the brain and has different functions. Cancer displays dysfunctional GABAergic system roles, comprising GAD, GABA, and GABA receptors. Both tumor-suppressing and carcinogenic characteristics of the GABAergic sys-tem have been reported in several malignancies. In the development of cancer cells, it plays onco-genesis-related roles. However, in some tumors, such as pancreatic cancer, it exhibits anti-cancer benefits in numerous human trials and animal models. As a result, GABAergic therapy may be used to treat cancer. The oxidative condition and the status of several malignant circumstances signifi-cantly influence the final GABAergic function in many tumors. Depending on the type of malignant tissue and other modifications, these roles manifest differently in malignancies. In this review, we, for the first time, concentrated on the oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions of GABA in va-rious neoplasms, as well as its potential therapeutic implications. The significance of tumor suppressor function and the conditions that promote its function as a cancer genesis factor in cancer are discussed in this article.
A Comprehensive Review on MRI-based Knee Joint Segmentation and Analysis
Techniques
Authors: Mahendrakar Pavan , Kumar Dileep , Patil Uttam
Published: May 2023

Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in osteoarthritis pathogenesis research has proven extremely beneficial. However, it is always
challenging for both clinicians and researchers to detect morphological changes in knee joints from magnetic resonance (MR) imaging since the
surrounding tissues produce identical signals in MR studies, making it difficult to distinguish between them. Segmenting the knee bone, articular
cartilage and menisci from the MR images allows one to examine the complete volume of the bone, articular cartilage, and menisci. It can also be
used to assess certain characteristics quantitatively. However, segmentation is a laborious and time-consuming operation that requires sufficient
training to complete correctly. With the advancement of MRI technology and computational methods, researchers have developed several
algorithms to automate the task of individual knee bone, articular cartilage and meniscus segmentation during the last two decades. This systematic
review aims to present available fully and semi-automatic segmentation methods for knee bone, cartilage, and meniscus published in different
scientific articles. This review provides a vivid description of the scientific advancements to clinicians and researchers in this field of image
analysis and segmentation, which helps the development of novel automated methods for clinical applications. The review also contains the
recently developed fully automated deep learning-based methods for segmentation, which not only provides better results compared to the
conventional techniques but also open a new field of research in Medical Imaging.
Exploring the Mechanisms of Self-made Kuiyu Pingchang Recipe for the
Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome using a
Network Pharmacology-based Approach and Molecular Docking
Authors: Wen Yong , Wang Xiaoxiang , Si Ke , Xu Ling , Huang Shuoyang , Zhan Yu
Published: May 2023

Background:

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are common
intestinal diseases. According to the clinical experience and curative effect, the authors formulated
Kuiyu Pingchang Decoction (KYPCD) comprised of Paeoniae radix alba, Aurantii Fructus,
Herba euphorbiae humifusae, Lasiosphaera seu Calvatia, Angelicae sinensis radix, Panax ginseng
C.A. Mey., Platycodon grandiforus and Allium azureum Ledeb.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanisms of KYPCD in the treatment
of UC and IBS following the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory of “Treating different
diseases with the same treatment”.

Methods:

The chemical ingredients and targets of KYPCD were obtained using the Traditional
Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP). The targets
of UC and IBS were extracted using the DisGeNET, GeneCards, DrugBANK, OMIM and TTD
databases. The “TCM-component-target” network and the “TCM-shared target-disease” network
were imaged using Cytoscape software. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built
using the STRING database. The DAVID platform was used to analyze the Gene Ontology (GO)
and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Using Autodock Tools software,
the main active components of KYPCD were molecularly docked with their targets and visualized
using PyMOL.

Results:

A total of 46 active ingredients of KYPCD corresponding to 243 potential targets, 1,565
targets of UC and 1,062 targets of IBS, and 70 targets among active ingredients and two diseases
were screened. Core targets in the PPI network included IL6, TNF, AKT1, IL1B, TP53, EGFR
and VEGFA. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated 563 biological processes, 48 cellular
components, 82 molecular functions and 144 signaling pathways. KEGG enrichment results
revealed that the regulated pathways were mainly related to the PI3K-AKT, MAPK, HIF-1 and
IL-17 pathways. The results of molecular docking analysis indicated that the core active ingredients
of KYPCD had optimal binding activity to their corresponding targets.

Conclusion:

KYPCD may use IL6, TNF, AKT1, IL1B, TP53, EGFR and VEGFA as the key targets
to achieve the treatment of UC and IBS through the PI3K-AKT, MAPK, HIF-1 and IL-17
pathways.
Structure-based Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamic Simulation
Approach for the Identification of Terpenoids as Potential DPP-4 Inhibitors
Authors: Pulikkottil Ajay Aravind , Kumar Amit , Jangid Kailash , Kumar Vinod , Jaitak Vikas
Published: May 2023

Background:

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder where insulin secretion is compromised,
leading to hyperglycemia. DPP-4 is a viable and safer target for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Computational tools have proven to be an asset in the process of drug discovery.

Objective:

In the present study, tools like structure-based virtual screening, MM/GBSA, and
pharmacokinetic parameters were used to identify natural terpenoids as potential DPP-4 inhibitors
for treating diabetes mellitus.

Methods:

Structure-based virtual screening, a cumulative mode of elimination technique, was
adopted, identifying the top five potent hit compounds depending on the docking score and nonbonding
interactions.

Results:

According to the docking data, the most important contributors to complex stability are
hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and Pi-Pi stacking interactions. The dock scores
ranged from -6.492 to -5.484 kcal/mol, indicating robust ligand-protein interactions. The pharmacokinetic
characteristics of top-scoring hits (CNP0309455, CNP0196061, CNP0122006, CNP0
221869, CNP0297378) were also computed in this study, confirming their safe administration in
the human body. Also, based on the synthetic accessibility score, all top-scored hits are easily
synthesizable. Compound CNP0309455 was quite stable during molecular dynamic simulation
studies.

Conclusion:

Virtual database screening yielded new leads for developing DPP-4 inhibitors. As a
result, the findings of this study can be used to design and develop natural terpenoids as DPP-4
inhibitors for the medication of diabetes mellitus.
Delivery of Immunomodulators: Challenges and Novel Approaches
Authors: Damani Mansi , Singh Prabha , Sawarkar Sujata
Published: May 2023

 Immunomodulators can be either synthetic in origin or naturally obtained.
Natural plant-based compounds can influence the immune system by either affecting
antibody secretion to control the infection or affecting the functions of immune cells,
thus contributing to maintaining immune homeostasis. Phytochemicals in plants, such
as polysaccharides, lactones, flavonoids, alkaloids, diterpenoids and glycosides, have
been reported to possess immunomodulating properties. However, there are many
challenges limiting the clinical use of natural immunomodulators. In this chapter, we
have discussed in detail standardization, formulation development, route of
administration and regulatory concerns of natural immunomodulators. In order to
overcome these challenges and ensure that natural immunomodulators reach the target
site at therapeutic concentrations, different polymer and lipid-based nanocarrier
delivery systems have been developed. These nanocarriers by virtue of their size, can
easily penetrate and reach the target site and deliver the drugs. Many nanocarriers like
liposomes, niosomes, nanoparticles, microemulsions, phytosomes and other vesicular
systems designed for natural immunomodulators are discussed in this chapter.
impact of premarital sexual behavior on adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Realita Friska , Astuti Dhesi Ari
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic is a disease that has spread all over the world. Premarital sexual behavior is behavior that is driven by sexual desire with the opposite sex or with the same sex. Talking about sexuality and reproductive health is still a taboo subject for teenagers, so children will seek it from various sources, one of which is social media that not all of information can be accounted for. This study aims to collect scientific evidence on the impact of premarital sexual behavior on adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method used in this research is a scoping review. Articles were acquired from three databases, namely Pubmed, Science Direct, and Goggle Scholar. Results: After reviewing 11 articles using the scoping review, it resulted a theme of the impact of premarital sexual behavior on adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.
An Appraisal Analysis of Attitude in Taman Sari Tourists’ Review in TripAdvisor
Authors: Mahfiroh Istingatun , Mahripah, S.Pd., M.App.Ling. Siti
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to identify the appraising items which employed in Taman Sari tourists’ review written in TripAdvisor. It identified how the visitors expressed their feeling, attitude, and judgement towards the Taman Sari tourist attractions by applying Martin White (2005) theory, especially the attitude devices. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method. The data used were reviews written by the tourists of Taman Sari in TripAdvisor. This study was done by separating the reviews into the one that contains appraising items of attitudes and then breaking them into clauses before they were analysed. From the total of 56 data, it was found that there were 15 (26.79%) affect, 6 (10.71%) judgement, and 35 (62.50%) appreciation. Most of the reviews contains 50 (89.29%) positive attitudes, and only 6 (10.71%) with negative attitudes. This study asserted that the attitude device mostly used in the reviews is appreciation, especially reaction – quality since it deals with the evaluation of things which describes human feelings.
Pendidikan karakter kemandirian peserta didik sekolah dasar melalui bermain sepakbola empat gawang
Authors: Suryobroto Agus Sumhendartin , Jiménez José Vicente García
Published: May 2023

Pendidikan jasmani potensial untuk meningkatkan karakter peserta didik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan permainan sepakbola empat gawang dalam menanamkan pendidikan karakter kemandirian peserta didik sekolah dasar (SD) kelas atas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan yang terdiri atas dua tahapan yaitu tahap prapengembangan dan tahap pengembangan. Tahap pra-pengembangan terdiri atas kajian literatur, kajian penelitian relevan, dan studi lapangan. Tahap pengembangan terdiri penyusunan draft model, validasi ahli, ujicoba terbatas, dan ujicoba luas. Validasi melibatkan 2 orang ahli (1 orang ahli materi sepakbola dan 1-orang ahli sarana dan prasarana penjas).  Uji coba skala terbatas dilakukan terhadap 16 peserta didik kelas V dan 1 orang guru Pendidikan Jasmani SD. Uji coba skala luas dilakukan pada 40 peserta didik yang mewakili empat kelas peserta didik kelas V dan VI SD Negeri Tegalrejo I Yogyakarta. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah lembar observasi untuk menilai kemandirian peserta didik. Analisis data pada tahap prapengembangan dan pengembangan menggunakan teknik analisis deskripsi kuantitatif. Hasil yang dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah produk yaitu panduan permainan sepakbola empat gawang lengkap dengan aturan main serta DVD rekaman pelaksanaan bermain sepakbola empat gawang dalam pendidikan karakter kemandirian bagi peserta didik di SD kelas atas yang dapat menanamkan kemandirian. Physical education has the potential to improve the character of students. The purpose of this study was to develop a four-goal soccer game in instilling independent character education for upper-class elementary school (SD) students. This research is research and development which consists of two stages, namely the pre-development stage and the development stage. The pre-development stage consists of a literature review, relevant research studies, and field studies. The development stage consists of preparing a draft model, expert validation, limited trials, and extensive trials. The validation involved 2 experts (1 expert on football materials and 1 expert on physical education facilities and infrastructure). A limited scale trial was conducted on 16 grade V students and 1 elementary school Physical Education teacher. The wide-scale trial was conducted on 40 students representing four classes of students in grades V and VI of SD Negeri Tegalrejo I Yogyakarta. The instrument used to collect data is an observation sheet to assess student independence. Data analysis at the pre-development and development stages used quantitative description analysis techniques. The results achieved in this study were a product, namely a four-goal soccer game guide complete with rules of the game and DVD recordings of playing four-goal soccer in self-reliance character education for students in upper grade elementary schools who can instill independence.
Evolution of the Norms of Domestic Legislation about the Criminal Legal Impact in Relation to Minors
Authors: Krylov N. G.
Published: May 2023

Relevance. The article deals with the issues of the age of criminal responsibility of minors and the criminal legal impact on this category of persons at different stages of the Russian state in an inseparable unity, reveals their essential nature and prospects for development, as well as the historical conditions for the adoption of certain normative legal acts. According to the author, the main feature of the evolution of domestic legislation on criminal legal impact on minors is a gradual increase in the age of prosecution, based on taking into account the psychophysiological characteristics of this category of persons.

The purpose of the study is to trace the path taken by the domestic legislator in the direction of finding the optimal balance of humanistic and repressive principles in the content and forms of criminal legal influence on minors.

Objectives: to identify the genesis and evolution of criminal penalties and other measures of criminal legal impact on minors under domestic legislation; to reflect the features of criminal penalties and other measures of a criminal legal nature, taking into account the historical context of the development of the state and law.

Methodology. The basis of writing the article was general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, historical method), private scientific, including special legal (formal legal, comparative legal methods of cognition).

Results. As a result of the conducted research, it was determined that in its development the institution of criminal responsibility and punishment of minors has passed a fairly long way. Having first appeared only in the XVIII century, it underwent changes over time, adapted to the existing conditions, the parameters of criminal responsibility of the rest of the population. One thing remained constant – the institution under review for a significant part of the history of criminal law occupied a special position due to the role assigned to minors as socially unprotected strata of society.

Conclusion. Educational components should always be present in the content and forms of criminal legal influence on minors, the humanistic principle should noticeably prevail over the repressive one, and taking into account personal characteristics should result in a thorough individualization of criminal responsibility.
Political Transformation of Social Conflicts in the Context of Global Political Risks and Threats (Theoretical View)
Authors: Romanova N. I.
Published: May 2023

Relevance. The phenomena and processes observed in the social system in the modern objectively conditioned conditions of dynamization and politicization have a stable tendency to the formation and accumulation of transformational potential. In this sense, social conflicts at the present stage are often transformed into political conflicts within the framework of an unprecedentedly developing and increasingly complex socio-political space. Of particular research interest is the identification of key features and patterns of political transformation of social conflicts in the focus of global political risks and threats. It also seems appropriate to formulate specific practical measures of approximating specifics in the direction of managing the political and transformational potential of modern social conflicts.

Purpose. The main purpose of this article is to present a theoretical overview of the transformation of social conflicts in the context of global political risks and threats.

Objectives: formulation of global political risks and threats at the ideological-conceptual, activity-functional, structural and institutional, resource and interactive levels, identification of key features and patterns of political transformation of social conflicts.

Methodology. The author mainly used the following group of methods in the process of writing the article: information analysis, content analysis, event analysis, sociological analysis.

Results. Taking into account the stated research issues, it seems appropriate to formulate specific practical measures of approximating specifics in the direction of managing the political and transformational potential of modern social conflicts.

Conclusion. Within the framework of the modern global socio-political reality, generating and reproducing a huge number of social and other conflicts, it is necessary to pay more attention to the phenomenology of social conflict as such, implying, firstly, a positive and naturalistic perception of the conflictogenic nature of political phenomena and processes, and secondly, the implementation of targeted monitoring of political and conflict dynamics, thirdly, the organization of discussions on open and verified platforms, and fourthly, improving the effectiveness of existing regulatory and legal regulations and formal procedures.
Interests in Russian law: Concept and Types
Authors: Andreev Yu. N.
Published: May 2023

Relevance. The study of interests in law has an inexhaustible topical theoretical and practical significance, because, as the German philosopher of law R. Iering explained, interests move the world. Indeed, socially significant interests that have received legal support (recognition, consolidation) actively influence the formation, exercise and protection of subjective rights, the implementation of legal relations, legal responsibility, the achievement by subjects of law of the desired material and spiritual benefits, as the ultimate goal of law regulation, law enforcement and legal application. Unfortunately, legal science has not formed the final theoretical provisions on the nature, content, functional purpose and types of legal interests (legitimate interests, interests protected by law, interests in law). The author of the article set the task to indicate his position on some topical issues of the topic under discussion.

Purpose – to find out the nature, concept, content, purpose and types of legal interests, the interaction of social interests with law.

Objectives: to identify the essential features of social and legal interests, to formulate the concept of legitimate (legal) interests, to find out the types of legal interests, to establish general and specific features of social and legal interests.

Methodology. In the course of the study of the designated topic, such general scientific and private scientific methods of research were used as formal-legal, system-structural, logical, comparative-legal, method of analysis and synthesis.

Results. Based on the analysis of the theoretical conclusions of well-known Russian researchers, the author formulated and substantiated his own position on the concept and types of legal interests (interests in Russian law), it is noted that legal interests are socially significant interests that have found their “registration” in the norms of positive law and subjective rights, or social interests not enshrined in subjective rights, but protected by law on the basis of the meaning (spirit) of the law, legal principles.

Conclusion. Socially significant interests initiate the emergence, change and termination of legal relations, contribute to the achievement by the subjects of law of the desired material and intangible benefits, the satisfaction of their needs.
Inciting Minors to Commit Suicide Using the Internet
Authors: Bimbinov A. A.
Published: May 2023

Relevance. In 2015-2017, a wave of exposure of the so–called "death groups" swept through the country – various communities in social networks and other Internet resources, where information related to the suicides of minors was distributed, including calls for the need for such behavior and recommendations on ways to commit suicide. This circumstance prompted the legislator to establish criminal liability for "complicity" in the suicide of a person.

The Purpose of this study is to determine the content of inciting minors to commit suicide for the purposes of applying the criminal law.

Objectives: to determine the range of crimes consisting in inducing another person to commit suicide; to establish their objective and subjective signs; to analyze qualifying signs; to study the practice of applying the relevant norms.

Methodology. In the process of working on the study, traditional private scientific and general scientific methods were used for criminal law research.

Results. The author reveals the legal characteristics of these crimes, analyzes judicial practice regarding the qualification of actions aimed at the suicide of other persons, taking into account the modern positions of criminologists. It is indicated that it is necessary to establish a causal relationship between the actions listed in the law and the suicide or suicide attempt of the victim in each criminal case of bringing to suicide. In cases where the investigation or the court fails to establish a direct causal link between, for example, the ill-treatment of the accused and the suicide of the victim, or such a connection is more than not obvious, it is necessary to investigate the possibility of other reasons that prompted the minor to commit suicide. If such reasons are related to the activities of persons who use other methods aimed at the suicide of victims, other than threats, ill-treatment or systematic humiliation of human dignity, then this may constitute a crime under Article 1101 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

Conclusion. The results of the study can have a positive impact on domestic law, including for the purposes of law enforcement in specific criminal cases.
Automated Diet Capture Using Voice Alerts and Speech Recognition on Smartphones: Pilot Usability and Acceptability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chikwetu Lucy , Daily Shaundra , Mortazavi Bobak J , Dunn Jessilyn
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Effective monitoring of dietary habits is critical for promoting healthy lifestyles and preventing or delaying the onset and progression of diet-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Recent advances in speech recognition technologies and natural language processing present new possibilities for automated diet capture; however, further exploration is necessary to assess the usability and acceptability of such technologies for diet logging.

OBJECTIVE

This study explores the usability and acceptability of speech recognition technologies and natural language processing for automated diet logging.

METHODS

We designed and developed base2Diet—an iOS smartphone application that prompts users to log their food intake using voice or text. To compare the effectiveness of the 2 diet logging modes, we conducted a 28-day pilot study with 2 arms and 2 phases. A total of 18 participants were included in the study, with 9 participants in each arm (text: n=9, voice: n=9). During phase I of the study, all 18 participants received reminders for breakfast, lunch, and dinner at preselected times. At the beginning of phase II, all participants were given the option to choose 3 times during the day to receive 3 times daily reminders to log their food intake for the remainder of the phase, with the ability to modify the selected times at any point before the end of the study.

RESULTS

The total number of distinct diet logging events per participant was 1.7 times higher in the voice arm than in the text arm (P=.03, unpaired t test). Similarly, the total number of active days per participant was 1.5 times higher in the voice arm than in the text arm (P=.04, unpaired t test). Furthermore, the text arm had a higher attrition rate than the voice arm, with only 1 participant dropping out of the study in the voice arm, while 5 participants dropped out in the text arm.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this pilot study demonstrate the potential of voice technologies in automated diet capturing using smartphones. Our findings suggest that voice-based diet logging is more effective and better received by users compared to traditional text-based methods, underscoring the need for further research in this area. These insights carry significant implications for the development of more effective and accessible tools for monitoring dietary habits and promoting healthy lifestyle choices.