bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thirtieth anniversary of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child: advancing a child rights-based approach to child health and well-being
Authors: Goldhagen Jeffrey , Clarke Andrew , Dixon Peter , Guerreiro Ana Isabel , Lansdown Gerison , Vaghri Ziba
Published: January 2020

Global challenges to children’s health are rooted in social and environmental determinants. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) articulates the rights required to address these civil-political, social, economic and cultural determinants of child well-being. The principles of child rights—universality, interdependence and accountability—define the tenets of social justice and health equity required to ensure all rights accrue to all children, and the accountability of individuals and organisations (duty-bearers) to ensure these rights are fulfilled. Together, the CRC and child rights principles establish the structure and function of a child rights-based approach (CRBA) to child health and well-being—that provides the strategies and tools to transform child health practice into a rights, justice and equity-based paradigm. The 30th anniversary of the CRC is an opportune time to translate a CRBA to health and well-being into a global practice of paediatrics and child health.
FLNC truncations cause arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Brun Francesca , Gigli Marta , Graw Sharon L , Judge Daniel P , Merlo Marco , Murray Brittney , Calkins Hugh , Sinagra Gianfranco , Taylor Matthew RG , Mestroni Luisa , James Cynthia A
Published: January 2020

Background

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a heart muscle disease that affects predominantly the right ventricle and is part of the spectrum of arrythmogenic cardiomyopathies (ACMs). ARVC is a genetic condition; however, a pathogenic gene variant is found in only half of patients.

Objective

Filamin C gene truncations (FLNCtv) have recently been identified in dilated cardiomyopathy with ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death, a phenotype partially overlapping with ARVC and part of the ACM spectrum. We hypothesised that FLNCtv could be a novel gene associated with ARVC.

Methods

One hundred fifty-six patients meeting 2010 ARVC Task Force Criteria and lacking variants in known ARVC genes were evaluated for FLNC variants. Available family members were tested for cosegregation.

Results

We identified two unique FLNCtv variants in two families (c.6565 G>T, p.Glu2189Ter and c.8107delG, p.Asp2703ThrfsTer69), with phenotypes of dominant RV disease fulfilling ‘definite’ diagnosis of ARVC according to the 2010 Task Force Criteria. Variants in other cardiomyopathy genes were excluded in both kindreds, and segregation analysis revealed that p.Asp2703ThrfsTer69 was a de novo variant. In both families, the disease phenotype was characterised by prominent ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac arrest.

Conclusion

The identification of FLNCtv as a novel cause of ARVC in two unrelated families expands the spectrum of ARVC non-desmosome disease genes for this disorder. Our findings should prompt inclusion of FLNC genetic testing in ARVC to improve diagnostic yield and testing of at-risk relatives in ARVC.
Maximal efficiency of the collisional Penrose process with spinning particles in Kerr-Sen black hole
Authors: Liu Yunlong , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: January 2020

We study the collision of two uncharged spinning particles around an extreme Kerr-Sen black hole and calculate the maximal efficiency of the energy extraction from the Kerr-Sen black hole via super Penrose process. We consider the collision of two massive particles as well as collision of a massless particle with a massive particle. We calculate the maximum efficiency for all the cases, and found that the efficiency increases as the Kerr-Sen black hole’s parameter ($$b=1-a$$b=1-a) decreases.
Modules for loop Affine-Virasoro algebras
Authors: Eswara Rao S.
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we study the representations of loop Affine-Virasoro algebras. As they have canonical triangular decomposition, we define Verma modules and their irreducible quotients. We give necessary and sufficient condition for a irreducible highest weight module to have finite dimensional weight spaces. We prove that an irreducible integrable module is either a highest weight module or a lowest weight module whenever the canonical central element acts non-trivially. At the end, we construct Affine central operators for each integer and they commute with the action of the Affine Lie algebra.
Effective Knowledge Transfer and Behavioural Change in a Training Environment
Authors: Rosellini Amy
Published: January 2020

Current models of knowledge transfer are insufficient in defining the factors that address the impact of knowledge transfer at different cycles of the process where a firm employs traditional training programs. The purpose of this study is to examine the models that identify relationships between effective knowledge transfer and behavioural change in the training environment. The study of these models is concerned with how training affects knowledge transfer, how knowledge transfer impacts behaviour change and how behaviour change affects overall job performance. This concept paper examines existing KM models such as SECI model, complexity theory, an entrepreneurship model and knowledge-to-action with the aim of developing an enhanced version of knowledge transfer measurement model (KTMM) that requires further testing.
Numbers Are for Computers, Strings Are for Humans
Authors: Neville-Neil George V.
Published: January 2020

Unless what you are processing, storing, or transmitting are, quite literally, strings that come from and are meant to be shown to humans, you should avoid processing, storing, or transmitting that data as strings. Remember, numbers are for computers, strings are for humans. Let the computer do the work of presenting your data to the humans in a form they might find palatable. That’s where those extra bytes and instructions should be spent, not doing the inverse.
Genetic Differences in Taste Receptors: Implications for the Food Industry
Authors: Nolden Alissa A. , Feeney Emma L.
Published: January 2020

Inborn genetic differences in chemosensory receptors can lead to differences in perception and preference for foods and beverages. These differences can drive market segmentation for food products as well as contribute to nutritional status. This knowledge may be essential in the development of foods and beverages because the sensory profiles may not be experienced in the same way across individuals. Rather, distinct consumer groups may exist with different underlying genetic variations. Identifying genetic factors associated with individual variability can help better meet consumer needs through an enhanced understanding of perception and preferences. This review provides an overview of taste and chemesthetic sensations and their receptors, highlighting recent advances linking genetic variations in chemosensory genes to perception, food preference and intake, and health. With growing interest in personalized foods, this information is useful for both food product developers and nutrition health professionals alike.
Review—Recent Advances in Nanosensors Built with Pre-Pulled Glass Nanopipettes and Their Applications in Chemical and Biological Sensing
Authors: Chang Megan , Morgan Georgia , Bedier Fatima , Chieng Andy , Gomez Pedro , Raminani Sathya , Wang Yixian
Published: January 2020

Nanosensors built with pre-pulled glass nanopipettes, including bare or chemically modified nanopipettes and fully or partially filled solid nanoelectrodes, have found applications in chemical and biological sensing via resistive-pulse, current rectification, and electrochemical sensing. These nanosensors are easily fabricated and provide advantages through their needle-like geometry with nanometer-sized tips, making them highly sensitive and suitable for local measurements in extremely small samples. The variety in the geometry and layout have extended sensing capabilities. In this review, we will outline the fundamentals in fabrication, modification, and characterization of those pre-pulled glass nanopipette based nanosensors and highlight the most recent progress in their development and applications in real-time monitoring of biological processes, chemical ion sensing, and single entity analysis.
A Comprehensive Analysis for the Heterogeneous Effects on Driver Injury Severity in Single-Vehicle Passenger Car and SUV Rollover Crashes
Authors: Wen Huiying , Tang Zuogan , Zeng Yuchen , Zhang Kexiong
Published: January 2020

In road traffic crashes, although rollover crashes account for a relatively low proportion, those result in a high fatality rate. The present study performed random parameters ordered logit models to examine risk factors as well as their heterogeneous effects on driver injury severity in single-vehicle passenger car and SUV rollover crashes. Crash data for the empirical analysis were extracted from Texas Crash Record Information System (CRIS) database during the year 2016. Model estimation results show that six variables (male drivers, drivers’ age, airbag deployment, failure to drive in single lane, speed limit, and rural area) were found to produce normally distributed parameters in passenger car model, while nine parameters (male drivers, safety belt use, airbag deployment, drug or alcohol use, failure to drive in single lane, improper evasive action, vehicle model year, friday, and rural area) in SUV model were found to be normally distributed. Several other factors with fixed parameters were found to be associated with driver injury severity in single-vehicle passenger car or SUV rollover crashes, most notably: ejection or partial ejection, turning left, intersection, August, adverse weather conditions, and night with light. These variables were significant in both models; most variables have stronger effects on nonincapacitating injury and serious injury outcomes in SUV than in passenger car rollover crashes. These findings provide a deep insight into causality nature and factor involved in driver injury severity in single-vehicle passenger car and SUV rollover crashes and are also helpful for transport agencies to determine appropriate countermeasures aimed at mitigating injuries sustained by drivers in single-vehicle rollover crashes.
A Survey on Recent Advances in Wearable Fall Detection Systems
Authors: Ramachandran Anita , Karuppiah Anupama
Published: January 2020

With advances in medicine and healthcare systems, the average life expectancy of human beings has increased to more than 80 yrs. As a result, the demographic old‐age dependency ratio (people aged 65 or above relative to those aged 15–64) is expected to increase, by 2060, from ∼28% to ∼50% in the European Union and from ∼33% to ∼45% in Asia (Ageing Report European Economy, 2015). Therefore, the percentage of people who need additional care is also expected to increase. For instance, per studies conducted by the National Program for Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE), elderly population in India will increase to 12% of the national population by 2025 with 8%–10% requiring utmost care. Geriatric healthcare has gained a lot of prominence in recent years, with specific focus on fall detection systems (FDSs) because of their impact on public lives. According to a World Health Organization report, the frequency of falls increases with increase in age and frailty. Older people living in nursing homes fall more often than those living in the community and 40% of them experience recurrent falls (World Health Organization, 2007). Machine learning (ML) has found its application in geriatric healthcare systems, especially in FDSs. In this paper, we examine the requirements of a typical FDS. Then we present a survey of the recent work in the area of fall detection systems, with focus on the application of machine learning. We also analyze the challenges in FDS systems based on the literature survey.
Thermohydraulic Performance Improvement in Heat Exchanger Square Duct Inserted with 45° Inclined Square Ring
Authors: Boonloi Amnart , Jedsadaratanachai Withada
Published: January 2020

Thermal performance development, heat transfer structure, and flow behavior in the heat exchanger square duct equipped with a 45° inclined square ring are investigated numerically. The effects of flow blockage ratios and spacing ratios for the inclined square ring on fluid flow and heat transfer are considered. The Reynolds number (Re = 100–2000, laminar regime) based on the hydraulic diameter of the square duct is selected for the present work. The numerical domain of the square duct inserted with the 45° inclined square ring is solved with the finite volume method. The SIMPLE algorithm is picked for the numerical investigation. The heat transfer characteristics and flow topologies in the square duct inserted with the inclined square ring are plotted in the numerical report. The heat transfer rate, pressure loss, and efficiency for the square duct placed with the inclined square ring are presented in forms of Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermal enhancement factor, respectively. As the numerical results, it is detected that the heat transfer rate of the heat exchanger square duct inserted with the inclined square ring is around 1.00–10.05 times over the smooth duct with no inclined square ring. Additionally, the maximum thermal enhancement factor for the heat exchanger square duct inserted with the inclined square ring is around 2.84.
Effect of Mortar Constraint Conditions on Pullout Behavior of GFRP Soil Nails
Authors: Chen Zhi , Que Mengke , Zheng Lifei , Li Xiaoqinq , Sun Yang
Published: January 2020

Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars are safe, light, and environmentally friendly and, hence, have emerged as desirable alternatives to traditional steel reinforcements in soil nailing wall reinforcement. The loads experienced by GFRP soil nails are transmitted through bonding with mortar and the surrounding soil mass. Constraints of the soil mass on mortar affect the pullout performance of the nails. This paper presents a laboratory test study on the influence of different mortar constraint conditions on the pullout behavior of GFRP soil nails. The results indicated that single loading or cyclic loading has a negligible effect on the failure modes of specimens under different constraints. Therefore, all specimens underwent the same mode of failure, i.e., splitting failure of the mortar. The ultimate pullout force associated with single loading under strong constraint conditions was 77% higher than that under unconstrained conditions, and the anchorage depth increased from 0.6 m to 1.0 m. The load‐slip curves obtained for unconstrained conditions and strong constraint conditions were approximately straight lines and double broken lines, respectively. The ultimate tensile stress of GFRP soil nails exceeds the tensile strength of ordinary steel bars, indicating that these nails have sufficient strength reserve.
Fighting Left Handers Promotes Different Visual Perceptual Strategies than Right Handers: The Study of Eye Movements of Foil Fencers in Attack and Defence
Authors: Witkowski Mateusz , Tomczak Ewa , Łuczak Maciej , Bronikowski Michał , Tomczak Maciej
Published: January 2020

Left handers have long held the edge over right handers in one‐on‐one interactive combat sports. Particularly in fencing, top rankings show a relatively strong overrepresentation of left handers over right handers. Whether this can be attributed to perceptual strategies used by fencers in their bouts remains to be established. This study aims to verify whether right‐handed fencers assess their opponents’ behaviour based on different perceptual strategies when fencing a left vs. right hander. Twelve top‐level (i.e., Olympic fencers, Junior World Team Fencing Champions, and top Polish senior foil fencers) right‐handed female foil fencers (aged 16–30 years) took part in the study. They performed a total of 40 actions: 10 repetitions of offensive actions (attack) and 10 repetitions of defensive actions (defence), each type of action performed under 2 conditions (right‐ vs. left‐handed opponent). While the participants were fencing, their eye movements were being recorded with a remote eye‐tracker (SMI ETG 2.0). Both in their offensive and defensive actions, the fencers produced more fixations to the armed hand and spent more time observing the armed hand in duels with a left‐handed (vs. right‐handed) opponent. In defence, it was also the guard that attracted more fixations and gained a longer observation time in bouts with a left hander. In duels with a right‐handed opponent, a higher number of fixations in attack and in defence, and longer observation times in defence were found for the upper torso. The results may point to different perceptual strategies employed in bouts with left‐ vs. right‐handed individuals. The findings from this study may help to promote the implementation of specialized perceptual training programmes in foil fencing.
Skin Closure Tape and Surgical Staples in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Luo Xiangli , Zhang Wenhui , Yan Peijing , He Zongru , Yang Yuping , Yang Kehu , Qian Yaowen
Published: January 2020

Background. Staples closure technology has been widely used in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and achieved good results. In recent years, a new type of material called skin closure tape (SCT) has been applied to TKA which also showed good treatment results. However, since it is still not clear yet which one is better, this paper collects literatures for statistical analysis so as to provide evidence for the use of SCT in TKA. Methods. The comparative study on effects between SCT and staples is reviewed after the primary release of TKA in PubMed, the Cochrane library, and the EMBASE database up to March 2019. The two researchers independently screened the literature and evaluated the quality of the literature using bias risk tools. Results. A total of four studies (3330 knees) have been included in our meta‐analysis. For the main point, the results show that the SCT can reduce readmission rates compared to staples (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.49–0.95, P = 0.03), with no significant difference in complications (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.27–2.64, P = 0.77). Secondly, the results suggest that although there is no significant difference in removal time between the two groups, the SCT can reduce pains, save time and costs, and have a better cosmetic effect. Conclusions. Our study indicates SCT as a closure method with fewer complications and faster speed compared with staples. Nevertheless, the cost and pain need to be further confirmed because of the small sample size included in this study.
A “User-Knowledge-Product” Co-Creation Cyberspace Model for Product Innovation
Authors: Wang Yu , Wu Jiacong , Zhang Ru , Shafiee Sara , Li Cheng
Published: January 2020

To benefit from users’ co-creation knowledge in online communities, enterprises need effective methods to discover and manage co-creation users and knowledge as suggested in existing research. However, the existing methods still have their own limitations when analysing different relationships and networks. Therefore, first, this paper proposes a co-creation cyberspace super-network model for product innovation from a “user-knowledge-product” perspective to integrate the co-creation information of users, knowledge, and products. Second, to increase the accuracy of discovering, managing, and using the co-creation knowledge, three subnetworks including co-creation user network, co-creation knowledge network, and co-creation product network as well as the relationships among them are constructed and improved. Third, a well-known co-creation community in China is selected as a case to verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed model for enterprise’s product innovation. Three subnetworks and the mapping relationships among them are constructed and visualized based on the introduced User-Knowledge-Product Cyberspace model. The results from the case study validate the co-creation cyberspace constructed in this paper and provide enterprises with a comprehensive and detailed integration framework analysis model. Hence, the enterprises can use this model for user discovery, product innovation knowledge mining, and dynamic innovation knowledge basement and forecast hotspot trend in co-creation communities.
Specific Emitter Identification via Bispectrum-Radon Transform and Hybrid Deep Model
Authors: Zhou Yipeng , Wang Xing , Chen You , Tian Yuanrong
Published: January 2020

Specific emitter identification is a technique that distinguishes different emitters using radio fingerprints. Feature extraction and classifier selection are critical factors affecting SEI performance. In this paper, we propose an SEI method using the Bispectrum-Radon transform (BRT) and a hybrid deep model. We propose BRT to characterize the unintentional modulation of pulses due to the superiority of bispectrum distributions in characterizing nonlinear features of signals. We then apply a hybrid deep model based on denoising autoencoders and a deep belief network to perform further deep feature extraction and discriminative identification. We design an automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast signal acquisition system to capture signals and to build dataset for validating our proposed SEI method. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the BRT feature outperformed traditional features in characterizing UMOP, and our proposed SEI method outperformed other feature and classifier combination methods.
Determinants of Risk Factors for Renal Impairment among HIV‐Infected Patients Treated with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate‐Based Antiretroviral Regimen in Southern Vietnam
Authors: Hoang Cuong Q , Nguyen Hai D , Vu Huy Q , Nguyen Khai T , Hoang Linh T , Ly Hong , Tat Thang D , Phan Lan T
Published: January 2020

Background. The situation of renal impairment among HIV‐infected patients treated with TDF‐based antiretroviral (ARV) regimen greater than 3 years is little known when TDF use has been promptly increasing in Vietnam. Methods. We analyse demographic and clinical data from a cross‐sectional survey of 400 HIV‐infected patients aged ≥18 years, who were treatment‐naive or switched TDF regimen within over 3 years between November 2018 and March 2019. Serological tests for serum creatinine, ALT, and AST were performed. Renal impairment was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Multivariate regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors associated with renal impairment. Results. At the baseline, 7.8% of respondents had estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 30–59 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 0.8% had eGFR of 15–29 mL/min/1.73 m2, out of 34 (8.5%) of participants who had renal impairment. Multivariate analysis showed that participants who had preexposure to isoniazid (adjusted PR [aPR] = 0.35 Cl: 0.14–0.91) compared with nonexposure to isoniazid who had a BMI from 18.5 up to 25 kg/m2 (aPR = 0.31 Cl: 0.15–0.62) compared with BMI below 18.5 kg/m2 were less likely to suffer from renal impairment. Patients aged greater than 60 years (aPR = 26.75, 95% Cl: 3.38–211.62) compared with those aged 20–29 years were more likely to have increased risk of renal impairment. Conclusion. Our findings underscore the need for longitudinal studies to assess the influence of TDF on maintaining the low prevalence of renal impairment among HIV‐infected patients in Vietnam.
Pleiotropic Effects of a KCNQ1 Variant on Lipid Profiles and Type 2 Diabetes: A Family-Based Study in China
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Wu Junhui , Wu Yao , Wang Mengying , Wang Zijing , Wu Tao , Chen Dafang , Tang Xun , Qin Xueying , Wu Yiqun , Hu Yonghua
Published: January 2020

Objective. The genetic variant rs2237895, located in the Potassium Voltage-Gated Channel Subfamily Q Member 1 (KCNQ1) gene, has been replicated to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) susceptibility, but the relationship with lipids is conflicting. Furthermore, the common genetic predisposition to T2DM and lipids was not fully detected. Methods. In total, 5839 individuals (2220 were T2DM patients) across 2885 families were included. The effect of rs2237895 on T2DM and lipids was estimated using linear regression and logistic regression models after adjustment for multiple covariates. Mediation analysis was then used to test whether KCNQ1 participated in T2DM pathogenesis via lipid-mediated pathways. Results. Per allele-C of rs2237895 was associated with 17% (11-23%, P<0.001) increased T2DM risk. Moreover, it was correlated with 5% (1-9%, P=0.019), 4% (1-7%, P=0.019), 2% (0-3%, P=0.045), and 2% (0-3%, P=0.009) higher total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A, and apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) concentrations, respectively. Nevertheless, the genetic susceptibility for higher T2DM risk was correlated with higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level (2%, 0-3%, P=0.026). Mediation analysis showed only TC, LDL-C, and Apo-B had small significant mediated effects, with 2.9%, 2.3%, and 3.1% of the total effects of rs2237895 on T2DM being mediated by them, respectively. Conclusion. KCNQ1 had pleiotropic effects on lipids and T2DM, and the unexpected genetic effect on association of HDL-C with T2DM was observed, indicating the different pathways to lipids and T2DM. Further research studies are needed to verify potential biological mechanisms.
Oxidized Renewable Materials for the Removal of Cobalt(II) and Copper(II) from Aqueous Solution Using in Batch and Fixed-Bed Column Adsorption
Authors: Rodrigues Josilene Aparecida Vieira , Martins Luide Rodrigo , Furtado Laís Milagres , Xavier Amália Luísa Pedrosa , Almeida Francine Tatiane Rezende de , Moreira Ana Luísa da Silva Lage , Melo Tânia Márcia Sacramento , Gil Laurent Frédéric , Gurgel Leandro Vinícius Alves
Published: January 2020

Batch and continuous adsorption of Co2+and Cu2+from aqueous solutions by oxidized sugarcane bagasse (SBox) and oxidized cellulose (Cox) were investigated. The oxidation reaction of sugarcane bagasse and cellulose was made with a mixture of H3PO4‒NaNO2to obtain SBox and Cox, with the introduction of high number of carboxylic acid functions, 4.5 and 4.8 mmol/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics of Co2+and Cu2+on SBox and Cox were modeled using two models (pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order) and the rate-limiting step controlling the adsorption was evaluated by Boyd and intraparticle diffusion models. The Sips and Langmuir models better fitted the isotherms with values of maximum adsorption capacityQmaxof 0.68 and 0.37 mmol/g for Co2+and 1.20 and 0.57 mmol/g for Cu2+adsorption on Cox and SBox, respectively. The reuse of both spent adsorbents was evaluated. Adsorption of Cu2+and Co2+on SBox in continuous was evaluated using a 22factorial design with spatial time and initial metal concentration as independent variables andQmaxand effective use of the bed as responses. The breakthrough curves were very well described by the Bohart–Adams original model and theQmaxvalues for Co2+and Cu2+were 0.22 and 0.55 mmol/g. SBox confirmed to be a promising biomaterial for application on a large scale.
Continent Ileostomy as an Alternative to End Ileostomy
Authors: Wu Xian-rui , Ke Hao-xian , Kiran Ravi P. , Shen Bo , Lan Ping
Published: January 2020

Continent ileostomy (CI) was once a prevalent surgical technique for patients who required total proctocolectomy but then gave way to ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) after 1980. Although IPAA has been the gold standard procedure preferred by most patients when total proctocolectomy is required, due to its imitation of physiological function of rectum and preserved function of anus, various complications have been observed with a relatively high rate of morbidity that could affect pouch longevity. Once serious complications such as pelvic abscesses and/or fistula occur, the pouch often needs to be removed. In addition, for some patients with a shortened small intestine or foreshortened mesentery, it is impossible for the ileal pouch to reach the pelvic floor, thus making the creation of an IPAA difficult. Previously, most of these patients would be referred for an end ileostomy, with an associated poor quality of life. In this circumstance, we propose that CI may deserve a reappraisal and serve as an alternative. In this article, we review the indications, contraindications, technique evolution, and outcomes of CI.
Host Wnt5a Potentiates Microenvironmental Regulation of Ovarian Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Asem Marwa , Young Allison M. , Oyama Carlysa , Claure De La Zerda Alejandro , Liu Yueying , Yang Jing , Hilliard Tyvette S. , Johnson Jeffery , Harper Elizabeth I. , Guldner Ian , Zhang Siyuan , Page-Mayberry Toni , Kaliney William J. , Stack M. Sharon
Published: January 2020

The noncanonical Wnt ligand Wnt5a is found in high concentrations in ascites of women with ovarian cancer. In this study, we elucidated the role of Wnt5a in ovarian cancer metastasis. Wnt5a promoted ovarian tumor cell adhesion to peritoneal mesothelial cells as well as migration and invasion, leading to colonization of peritoneal explants. Host components of the ovarian tumor microenvironment, notably peritoneal mesothelial cells and visceral adipose, secreted Wnt5a. Conditional knockout of host WNT5A significantly reduced peritoneal metastatic tumor burden. Tumors formed in WNT5A knockout mice had elevated cytotoxic T cells, increased M1 macrophages, and decreased M2 macrophages, indicating that host Wnt5a promotes an immunosuppressive microenvironment. The Src family kinase Fgr was identified as a downstream effector of Wnt5a. These results highlight a previously unreported role for host-expressed Wnt5a in ovarian cancer metastasis and suggest Fgr as a novel target for inhibition of ovarian cancer metastatic progression.

Significance: This study establishes host-derived Wnt5a, expressed by peritoneal mesothelial cells and adipocytes, as a primary regulator of ovarian cancer intraperitoneal metastatic dissemination and identifies Fgr kinase as novel target for inhibition of metastasis.
Midiatização e plataformização
Authors: Mintz André Goes
Published: January 2020

Diante do referencial teórico da midiatização, propõe-se discutir suas possíveis relações com o tema da plataformização, termo que visa descrever tanto a consolidação das plataformas de mídia conectiva no âmbito da internet e mídias digitais, quanto seu alastramento como modelo a diferentes domínios econômicos e sociais contemporâneos. Identificam-se similaridades entre os dois conceitos bem como entrecruzamentos dos fenômenos que visam descrever. Por fim, sugere-se que o subdomínio emergente dos Estudos de Plataforma ofereceria contribuições importantes ao tema da midiatização, com possíveis ganhos metodológicos.
As assimetrias de gênero no mercado de trabalho em jornalismo
Authors: Rocha Paula Melani , Santos Abinoan Santiago dos
Published: January 2020

O movimento de feminização no jornalismo brasileiro acentuou-se após a segunda metade do século XX, impulsionado pelo processo de profissionalização − sobretudo com a implementação de cursos de graduação e obrigatoriedade do diploma para o exercício da profissão −, bem como pelas instabilidades do mercado profissional e das relações de trabalho. Esse movimento caracterizou-se de forma desigual nas ocupações de funções, cargos, remuneração, nos segmentos do mercado e em regiões geográficas. Esta reflexão analisa a participação das mulheres no jornalismo regional e suas assimetrias nas redações do Amapá. Aplicou-se survey online, durante o mês de maio de 2017. O estudo apontou relações desiguais de trabalho entre os gêneros com relação a salário, funções, qualificação profissional e tratamento tanto pela chefia quanto pelos pares. A maior parte das respondentes informou sofrer assédios moral e sexual.
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate and Risk of Incident Heart Failure and Other Cardiovascular Events: the ARIC Study
Authors: Zhao Di , Guallar Eliseo , Vaidya Dhananjay , Ndumele Chiadi E. , Ouyang Pamela , Post Wendy S. , Lima Joao A. , Ying Wendy , Kass David A. , Hoogeveen Ron C. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Subramanya Vinita , Michos Erin D.
Published: January 2020

Background

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (
cGMP
) is a second messenger regulated through natriuretic peptide and nitric oxide pathways. Stimulation of
cGMP
signaling is a potential therapeutic strategy for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (
HF
p
EF
) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (
ASCVD
). We hypothesized that plasma
cGMP
levels would be associated with lower risk for incident
HF
p
EF
, any
HF
,
ASCVD
, and coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods and Results

We conducted a case–cohort analysis nested in the
ARIC
(Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study. Plasma
cGMP
was measured in 875 participants at visit 4 (1996–1998), with oversampling of incident
HF
p
EF
cases. We used Cox proportional hazard models to assess associations of
cGMP
with incident
HF
p
EF
,
HF
,
ASCVD
(
CHD
+stroke), and
CHD
. The mean (
SD
) age was 62.4 (5.6) years and median (interquartile interval)
cGMP
was 3.4 pmol/
mL
(2.4–4.6). During a median follow‐up of 9.9 years, there were 283 incident cases of
HF
p
EF
, 329 any
HF
, 151
ASCVD
, and 125
CHD
. In models adjusted for
CVD
risk factors, the hazard ratios (95%
CI
) associated with the highest
cGMP
tertile compared with lowest for
HF
p
EF
,
HF
,
ASCVD
, and
CHD
were 1.88 (1.17–3.02), 2.18 (1.18–4.06), 2.84 (1.44–5.60), and 2.43 (1.19–5.00), respectively. In models further adjusted for N‐terminal‐proB‐type natriuretic peptide, associations were attenuated for
HF
p
EF
and
HF
but remained statistically significant for
ASCVD
(2.56 [1.26–5.20]) and
CHD
(2.25 [1.07–4.71]).

Conclusions

Contrary to our hypothesis, higher
cGMP
levels were associated with incident
CVD
in a community‐based cohort. The associations of
cGMP
with
HF
or
HF
p
EF
may be explained by N‐terminal‐proB‐type natriuretic peptide, but not for
ASCVD
and CHD.
Energy landscape of resting magnetoencephalography reveals fronto-parietal network impairments in epilepsy
Authors: Krzemiński Dominik , Masuda Naoki , Hamandi Khalid , Singh Krish D. , Routley Bethany , Zhang Jiaxiang
Published: January 2020

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. It is yet unclear to what extent JME leads to abnormal network activation patterns. Here, we characterized statistical regularities in magnetoencephalograph (MEG) resting-state networks and their differences between JME patients and controls by combining a pairwise maximum entropy model (pMEM) and novel energy landscape analyses for MEG. First, we fitted the pMEM to the MEG oscillatory power in the front-oparietal network (FPN) and other resting-state networks, which provided a good estimation of the occurrence probability of network states. Then, we used energy values derived from the pMEM to depict an energy landscape, with a higher energy state corresponding to a lower occurrence probability. JME patients showed fewer local energy minima than controls and had elevated energy values for the FPN within the theta, beta, and gamma bands. Furthermore, simulations of the fitted pMEM showed that the proportion of time the FPN was occupied within the basins of energy minima was shortened in JME patients. These network alterations were highlighted by significant classification of individual participants employing energy values as multivariate features. Our findings suggested that JME patients had altered multistability in selective functional networks and frequency bands in the fronto-parietal cortices.
A re-examination of the taxonomic status of Prostoma jenningsi—a Freshwater Nemertean
Authors: QUIGG SIOBHAN MARIE , LOWE CHRISTOPHER NATHAN , BUTT KEVIN RICHARD , MITCHAM TIMOTHY , IYENGAR ARATI
Published: January 2020

Prostoma jenningsi was first recorded at the Clay ‘Ole pond in Lancashire, UK, in 1969 and was distinguished histologically from other Prostoma by the presence of 11 proboscidial nerves (with all other Prostoma species thought to have 9-10). P. jenningsi was considered to be the only species endemic to Lancashire and listed in the British Red Data Book as ‘Insufficiently Known’ as well as a ‘Species of Principal Importance’ under the UK Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act (2006).                A limited number of Prostoma spp were recovered from the Clay ‘Ole in 2011 (the first confirmation of the presence of Prostoma spp. since 1999). In 2015, further sampling was undertaken and expanded to other ponds in Lancashire resulting in the discovery of Prostoma spp. at a further 3 locations. Thereafter, DNA sequencing of nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) genes were undertaken and phylogenetic analyses performed to establish the taxonomic status of recovered specimens. All available Prostoma sequences (Prostoma eilhardi and Prostoma graecense) were downloaded from GenBank® and Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) databases for comparison.                All 18S sequences from samples in Lancashire were identical to each other and to all downloaded Prostoma sequences, allowing no further analyses. With COI, 50 individuals were collected from 4 locations across Lancashire and sequenced, comparing a total of 480 base pairs. Average uncorrected p-distances between UK and European samples were low, although some more geographically distant samples from California, USA, displayed higher uncorrected p-distance values.                Results suggest that the Prostoma recovered from the Clay ‘Ole (and all other sampled locations in Lancashire) are not distinct from P. eilhardi and P. graecense (as downloaded from GenBank® and BOLD) suggesting that there is a strong case for the species status of P. jenningsi to be revoked. Further regional and national sampling is required to obtain a clearer evaluation of the distribution of Prostoma and the levels of genetic diversity present in the UK. In addition, results from this study indicate that thorough taxonomical re-evaluation of species within the Prostoma genus is required.
A new species of Rheotanytarsus Thienemann & Bause (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Peruvian Andes, with updated key to South American species
Authors: DANTAS GALILEU P. S. , ARAUJO ANA A. HUAMANTINCO , HAMADA NEUSA
Published: January 2020

Rheotanytarsus is a speciose genus, currently composed by more than 100 nominal species distributed worldwide, 19 are known from the Neotropical region, four from South America and only one is registered for Peru. In the present study, a new species is described and illustrated based on males collected in the Peruvian Andes. In addition, the key to the South American species is updated and a distribution map of them is provided. Rheotanytarsus amaru sp. n. is easily distinguished from the congeneric species by the dark general coloration and the hypopygial morphology.
Implementing Design Thinking: Understanding Organizational Conditions
Authors: Wrigley Cara , Nusem Erez , Straker Karla
Published: January 2020

The advent of design thinking as a tool for innovation has led to its adoption in a range of organizations. While proponents of design thinking continue to focus on the principles and practices of their method, little is known on the organizational conditions required for design thinking to attain a long-term impact. This article explores seven empirical case studies to identify the conditions required in organizations seeking to integrate design. It identifies four conditions—strategic vision, facilities, cultural capital, and directives—and examines their relationships.
Hoping for Peace during Protracted Conflict: Citizens’ Hope Is Based on Inaccurate Appraisals of Their Adversary’s Hope for Peace
Authors: Leshem Oded Adomi , Halperin Eran
Published: January 2020

Hope is an essential component in the pursuit of political change. In order to hope, citizens need to wish for the change and have some expectations that it could materialize. This article explores how the two components of hope (i.e., wishes and expectations) are constructed in the seemingly hopeless case of a protracted and violent conflict. Utilizing a large-scale survey administered in Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip, we show that citizens’ appraisals of their adversary’s wishes and expectations for peace affect their own wishes and expectations, which, in turn, influences their willingness to support peacebuilding efforts. Regrettably, citizens’ tendency to underestimate their rival’s wish for peace lessens their own hopes, which further abates the support for peacebuilding. The study is the first to illustrate a mechanism by which hope for peace is constructed and the pathways by which hope facilitates resolution. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.
Worlding infrastructure in the global South: Philippine experiments and the art of being ‘smart’
Authors: Mouton Morgan
Published: January 2020

This article explores the material dimensions of ‘smart city’ initiatives in the context of postcolonial cities where urban utilities are qualified as deficient. It argues that while such projects may very well be another manifestation of urban entrepreneurialism, they should not be dismissed as an already-outdated research object. Rather, they can be analysed in light of postcolonial cities’ development agenda. Here, I document and analyse the ongoing construction of New Clark City, a smart city project that is envisioned by the current Philippine state administration as a solution to the crisis that Metro Manila’s urban infrastructure is going through. In doing so, I seek to integrate Science and Technology Studies’ insights on infrastructure provision with the literature on worlding efforts in cities of the global South.
Paediatric mucormycosis: tailoring surgical strategies to compliment antifungal chemotherapy. Different strokes for different folks
Authors: Srinivas Rohith , Jacob Tarun John K , Raj Promila Mohan , Korula Sophy , Mathew Leni G
Published: January 2020

Children manifesting soft-tissue fungal infections are uncommonly seen, more so the subgroup of invasive soft-tissue mucormycosis. Invasive fungal infections in various organs respond differently and are often complicated by an immune-compromised host. Repeated and aggressive clearance of disease till an infection-clear margin is obtained is the mainstay of surgical therapy. This is coupled with appropriate antifungal therapy and the management of any underlying medical conditions. From our experience, we propose a surgical algorithm for therapy of soft-tissue mucormycosis in children.
Acute encephalopathy followed by delayed myelopathy: A rare presentation of organophosphate poisoning
Authors: Agarwal Ayush , Garg Divyani , Goyal Vinay , VY Vishnu , Singh Mamta Bhushan , Srivastava MV Padma
Published: January 2020

Organophosphorus compounds (OPC) are commonly used pesticides and suicidal ingestion is a common mode of poisoning. The manifestation of OPC poisoning and its severity depend upon the type, dose and potency of the OPC consumed. Neurological presentations are well defined clinical syndromes consisting of early, intermediate and delayed manifestations (rare), categorised on the basis of time elapsed since OPC exposure. We report a rare delayed manifestation of organophosphorus poisoning in the form of pure motor spastic paraparesis due to dorsal myelopathy. A possibility of delayed manifestations of toxicity should be considered in individuals presenting with features suggestive of myelopathy and a previous history of organophosphate exposure.
A Comparison of the Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Gel Fat Graft Myringoplasty and the Fat Graft Myringoplasty for the Closure of Different Sizes of Tympanic Membrane Perforations
Authors: Ersözlü Tolga , Gultekin Erdogan
Published: January 2020

Objective:

We aimed to evaluate the effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma gel (PRPG) on fat graft myringoplasty (FGM) in tympanic membrane perforations caused by chronic otitis media.

Methods:

This retrospective study involved 63 patients who underwent operations between 2015 and 2018. Fat graft myringoplasty was performed with the transcanal approach with and without the use of PRPG in the surgical field. The patients were classified into 2 groups: group A, which included 32 patients who underwent FGM with the use of autologous PRPG, and group B, which included 31 patients who underwent FGM alone. Tympanic membrane perforations were divided into 2 groups: small perforations (1-2 mm) in a single quadrant and large perforations (2-4 mm) in at least 2 quadrants.

Results:

Both groups were statistically matched regarding age and sex. The mean postoperative follow-up was 11.6 and 12.1 months for groups A and B, respectively. Four months postoperatively, the success rate of the graft in group A (100%) was significantly higher than that in group B (83.8%; P = .03). The preoperative and postoperative median air–bone gaps of the groups were similar ( P = .653 and P = .198, respectively). No worsening of the air–bone gap was noted postoperatively in either group.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated that autologous PRPG application during FGM allows for a higher success rate than FGM alone. Furthermore, the use of PRPG with FGM for large perforations increases the success rate. Further studies are needed to investigate the PRPG healing effect on other tympanic membrane perforation closure techniques.
An Effective Model of Diabetes Care and Education: Revising the AADE7 Self-Care Behaviors®
Authors:   American Association of Diabetes Educators
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The AADE7 Self-Care Behaviors® (AADE7) is a robust framework for self-management of diabetes and other related conditions, such as prediabetes and cardiometabolic diseases. It is the position of the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) that, at the cornerstone of diabetes self-management education and support, the AADE7 is the framework for achieving behavior change that leads to effective self-management through improved behavior and clinical outcome measures. The AADE7 model guides the health care team in effective person-centered collaboration and goal setting to achieve health-related outcomes and improved quality of life. Continued research and evidence are critical to expand this model and broaden its application to other chronic conditions. Given the advances in the science of diabetes management, as well as in diabetes self-management education and support, AADE has evaluated the AADE7 within the framework of these advances, including the digital and dynamic health care landscape.

Conclusion

This revised position statement blends the updates in research and AADE’s vision and expansion beyond diabetes to refresh the AADE7 framework. This revision reflects the perspectives of all members of the health care team as they problem solve with individuals who are at risk for or who have diabetes and related conditions to achieve healthier outcomes.
Beliefs in Conspiracy Theories Following Ostracism
Authors: Poon Kai-Tak , Chen Zhansheng , Wong Wing-Yan
Published: January 2020

Four studies (total valid N = 643) examined whether ostracism increases people’s political conspiracy beliefs through heightened vulnerability and whether self-affirmation intervention counteracts the effect of ostracism on conspiracy beliefs. Compared with their nonostracized counterparts, ostracized participants were more likely to endorse conspiracy beliefs related to different political issues (Studies 1–3). Moreover, heightened vulnerability mediated the link between ostracism and conspiracy beliefs (Studies 1–3). Offering ostracized participants an opportunity to reaffirm values important to them could reduce their political conspiracy beliefs (Study 4). Taken together, our findings highlight the crucial role of vulnerability in understanding when and why ostracism increases conspiracy beliefs and how to ameliorate this relationship. Our findings also provide novel insights into how daily interpersonal interactions influence people’s political beliefs and involvement.