bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidation processes on the surface of the laser treatment zone of tool steels
Authors:   Research Institute of Physics of South Federal University, Kozakov A. T. , Yaresko S. I. ,   Samara Branch of P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sidashov A. V. ,   Rostov State Transport University
Published: November 2024

The results of a study of the composition of oxides formed on the surface of the laser exposure zone (LEZ) in the air of tool steels differing in chemical composition and degree of alloying are presened. 150Cr14 (9XC), M2 (R6M5) and T8 (R9K5) steels were used as the object of research. It was established by XPS that the formed oxide films have a qualitatively matching “layered” structure and differ significantly from each other, both in total thickness and in the thicknesses of the oxide films of different phase composition included in them. It was shown, that the formed film is essentially multilayered and multicomponent. For alloyed tool steels, a significant redistribution of the concentrations of alloying elements by the depth of the LEZ was established, which determines the composition of the formed oxides and their location relative to the base material. It was shown that, regardless of the composition of the steel, the external layer of the oxide film on the surface of the LEZ consists mainly of a mixture of FeO and Fe2O3 oxides. Fe3O4 oxide and a mixture of higher oxides of alloying elements, which are located in the following sequence deep from the surface of the zone: WO3, V2O5, MoO2, Cr2O3 and CoO are located deeper to the base metal. Selective enrichment of the surface with W and Mo atoms was found for T8 steel, leading to hardening of the grain boundaries and the appearance of a local hardened layer at a depth of 90 nm. According to the research data, it was concluded that the integral thickness of the oxide film on the surface of the studied steels does not exceed 200 – 250  nm.
Analysis of plastic deformation by the method of inverse problems
Authors:   Tver State Technical University, Brovman T. V.
Published: November 2024

The non-stationary metal flow during rolling of the front and rear ends of the strip is investigated, which is important for analyzing the conditions of gripping the workpiece by the rolls and the correct profiling of its end surfaces, ensuring a decrease in metal losses due to trimming. During rolling, the surface layers receive a higher elongation than the central ones, and the ends of the workpieces acquire a concave shape, as a result of which they have to be cut off. To reduce the elongation of the surface layers, the front end of the strip must be rolled under conditions when the workpiece moves faster than the rolls. Calculations of inverse problems at the final specified positions of the deformable medium make it possible to restore the initial profile of the workpiece from the specified final one.
Microstructure and physico-mechanical properties of steel, processed by a pulsed electron beam
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Poliak N. I. , Anishchik V. M. ,   Belarusian State University
Published: November 2024

The effect of processing with 1 and 20 pulses of an electron beam with energy E = 300 keV, current density J = 3 A/cm2 and pulse duration τ = 50 ns on carbon steel surface condition is investigated. It is shown that surface treatment with a pulsed electron beam leads to significant changes in its morphology, increasing with an increase in the number of pulses, the appearance of new phases and, as a result, changes in the parameters of the fine structure (the lattice parameter, microstresses, the size of mosaic blocks) and physico-mechanical properties.
Combination of methods of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and infiltration to obtain W – Cu pseudo-alloy
Authors:   Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science of Russian Academy of Sciences, Barinov V. Yu. , Мanokhin S. S. ,   Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kolobov Yu. R. ,   Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

The possibility of obtaining a tungsten-copper pseudo-alloy by the infiltration method using a highly exotemic combustion reaction of silicon in nitrogen as a heating source has been studied. Due to the heat released as a result of combustion, the porous tungsten frame was impregnated with molten copper. Samples of the resulting pseudo-alloys had a relative density of 0.9.
Hydrocar based on sunflower meal modified with iron oxide for effective removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions: kinetics
Authors:   Tambov State Technical University, Badin D. A. , Burakov A. E. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Kuznetsova T. S. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Burakova I. V. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Ananyeva O. A. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Dyachkova T. P. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Yarkin V. O. ,   Tambov State Technical University
Published: November 2024

The article proposes a method for producing a hybrid sorption material based on renewable plant raw materials from agricultural production, synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), the structure of which is modified by particles of iron and/or iron oxides. The authors obtained a series of samples and assessed the effect of high-temperature carbonization and subsequent alkaline activation on the sorption capacity of materials. Determination of physico-chemical properties was carried out using IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry and thermogravimetry. X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples showed the presence of an α-cellulose crystal lattice and a Fe3O4 or γ-Fe2O3 crystallographic plane. As a result of carbonization, the α-cellulose phase is destroyed and iron oxides are partially reduced. Alkaline activation leads to more serious destruction of the plant base and complete restoration of the iron phase. The materials sorption capacity was assessed by heavy metal ions (lead) adsorption from model aqueous solutions. Confined adsorption kinetic studies were carried out to determine the sorption time and adsorption mechanism. The sorption capacity of the initial HTC material for Pb2+ was ~132 mg/g at a contact time of 30 min. For carbonated and activated hydrochar, the capacity was 66.8 and 99.2 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics of Pb2+ ions was described using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models. It has been shown that sorption occurs predominantly due to the chemical interaction of metal ions with functional groups of sorbents with a partial contribution from mixed-diffusion absorption. Thus, the article proves the effectiveness of using hydrochar based on plant raw materials, modified with magnetic iron particles, in the processes of liquid-phase removal of inorganic pollutants.
Carborundum refractory concretes based on artificial ceramic binders
Authors:   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, Zaitsev S. V. , Doroganov V. A. ,   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, Yastrebinsky R. N. ,   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, Bondarenko G. G. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, A.N. Tikhonov Moscow Institute of Electronics and mathematicians
Published: November 2024

This work considers a method to increase the mechanical strength and corrosion resistance to glass and slag melts of aluminosilicate refractories. For this purpose, artificial ceramic binders (ACB) of mullite-carborundum composition were synthesized using the technology of highly concentrated ceramic binder suspensions (HCCBS). The morphological characteristics and grain size of ACB were analyzed, and the structure and physico-mechanical properties of the sintered products were investigated. It was found that nanodispersed particles are formed as a result of mechanochemical processes occurring during joint grinding. The average particle size was about 30 – 40 nm. Thermally treated samples based on high-alumina chamotte consist of crystalline phases of corundum, mullite, and SiC, which are uniformly distributed in the material. It is shown that with an increase in the annealing temperature, the physico-mechanical properties improve. The introduction of mullite-carborundum binder into the composition of high-alumina chamotte refractories has led to improved physico-mechanical properties and corrosion resistance to glass and slag melts. The results showed that refractories containing 50 % high-alumina chamotte possess the most favorable physico-mechanical properties. Compared to the factory sample, experimental samples demonstrated a significant improvement in corrosion resistance to glass and slag melts by 90 % and 94 %, respectively.
Change in the composition of solid non-stoichiometric compounds by ion transfer method
Authors:   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Guzeev V. V. , Guzeeva T. I. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Zelichenko E. A. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Chubenko Ya. B. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI
Published: November 2024

The paper presents results of measuring electron and ion transfer numbers of titanium hydride, carbide and nitride. It is shown that these compounds had mixed electron-ionic (anionic) conductivity. The dependences of the ion transfer number on the non-metal content in titanium carbide and nitride were obtained, and the change of the non-metal content under the influence of an electric field was studied. The non-metal atoms in non-stoichiometric titanium carbide and nitride were located in the octahedral voids of the titanium cubic lattice, forming a non-metal sublattice. Non-stoichiometric titanium hydride had a fluorite-type cubic crystal lattice, and the hydrogen atoms were located in the tetrahedral voids of the cubic titanium lattice. In titanium boride, ionic conductivity appeared near compounds of stoichiometric composition. It is shown that the formation of interstitial phases corresponded to the Hegg criterion. Due to the existence of vacancies in the non-metal sublattice, ion transfer was possible under the influence of an electric field, resulting in a chemical composition change of non-stoichiometric compounds. Analysis of the physicochemical properties of non-stoichiometric transition metal compounds was carried out as an opportunity to detect the ionic conductivity of carbides, nitrides and oxides.
Chemical-metallurgical synthesis of submicron W + Ni powders with a “core (W) – shell (Ni)” structure
Authors:   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Alekseeva L. S. , Blagoveshchenskiy Y. V. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of RAS, Terentyev A. V. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of RAS,   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Isayeva N. V. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of RAS,   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nokhrin A. V. ,   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Malekhonova N. V. ,   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Smetanina K. E. ,   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Voronin A. V. ,   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Murashov A. A. ,   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
Published: November 2024

The conditions for obtaining composite W + Ni powders with the core (W) –shell (Ni) structure and alloys based on them were studied in the work. W + Ni powders (5, 10, 20 wt.%) were obtained by the chemical-metallurgical method. The influence of nickel content, its precursor (nickel chloride or nitrate) and temperature treatment regime on the phase composition of the powders was studied. During the work, it was found that the nickel concentration does not affect the phase composition of the powder, however, 5 wt. % Ni is not enough to cladding all tungsten particles. A powder containing the least amount of impurities was obtained from  nickel chloride after reduction annealing at 400 – 600 °C and from nickel nitrate after annealing at 550 °C. After annealing at 750 and 950 °C, the formation of the Ni4W intermetallic compound was observed, which may be due to the presence of oxygen and oxides on the surface of tungsten particles. An alloy based on 0.9 W + 0.1 Ni powder obtained from nickel chloride and annealed at 600 °C was produced by Spark Plasma Sintering at a temperature of 1050 °C and a pressure of 50 MPa. The phase composition of the central region of the obtained alloys did not change during the sintering process, however, the formation of the η1-phase Ni3W3C was observed on the surface, which is a product of the interaction of the initial powder with the graphite mold. The obtained alloys had a homogeneous microstructure; no traces of abnormal grain growth or formation of large γ-phase particles were observed. The Vickers hardness Hv10 of tungsten alloys sintered without isothermal holding was 5.6 ± 0.3 GPa, and the alloys sintered with 20-minute isothermal holding at 1050 °C — Hv10 = 4.9 ± 0.3 GPa.
Development and research of a promising material for high-power fluorocarbon cathodes
Authors:   National Research University Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Ivanov P. D. , Putsylov I. A. ,   National Research University Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Smirnov S. E. ,   National Research University Moscow Power Engineering Institute
Published: November 2024

An original method for the synthesis of silver vanadium oxide (Ag2V4O11) has been developed, including mechanical activation of a mixture of vanadium pentoxide and silver nitrate in a planetary mill followed by heat treatment in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 700 °C for 5 hours in an air atmosphere and providing a product yield of 99.5 % in a highly dispersed state. Based on the data obtained, it was found that the introduction of 8 wt. % Ag2V4O11 made it possible to double the polarization characteristics in comparison with a conventional (CFx)n sample. According to the results of testing the samples, it was shown that at a discharge current density above 1.0 mA/cm2, there is a significant decrease in the discharge specific capacity and medium-discharge potential in the traditional (CFx)n sample and in samples with a low content of silver vanadium oxide. An increase in the content of Ag2V4O11 over 8 wt. % leads to a decrease in the specific capacity of the samples due to the lower energy intensity of this material compared to the energy intensity (CFx)n. The sample with 8 wt. % of silver vanadium oxide has the highest energy consumption at a higher discharge potential (630 mAh/g versus 570 mAh/g for traditional). Electrodes based on the composition of fluorocarbon – silver vanadium oxide and primary elements based on them surpass known analogues in capacity, stability and preservation.
Composite membranes for water desalination
Authors:   Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Kravets L. I. , Yarmolenko M. A. ,   Francisk Skorina Gomel State University, Gilman A. B. ,   Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials of RAS, Satulu V. ,   National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Mitu B. ,   National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Dinescu G. ,   National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics
Published: November 2024

Methods of coatings forming on the surface of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) track-etched membrane by magnetron and electron-beam sputter deposition of polytetrafluoroethylene in vacuum are considered. It is established that the involve of these modification methods leads to the formation of composite membranes consisting of two layers, one of which is the original track-etched membrane, characterized by an average level of hydrophilicity. The second layer has a hydrophobic nature. The contact angle of wettability by water of this layer varies depending on its thickness and the modification method used. It is shown that deposition of coatings by magnetron sputtering of polytetrafluoroethylene leads to smoothing of structural inhomogeneities of the surface of the initial membrane. Deposition of coatings by electron-beam dispersion of polymer, on the contrary, causes an increase in surface roughness. The observed differences in the morphology of the composite membranes surface layer are related to the size of the deposited polymer nanostructures. Nanostructures formed on the surface of track-etched membranes, when polytetrafluoroethylene is dispersed under the action of electron beam, have greatly large sizes. A significant increase in roughness due to the increase in the size of nanostructures makes it possible to obtain coatings with high- and superhydrophobic properties. It is shown that composite membranes consisting of a hydrophilic base with a hydrophobic coating deposited on the surface provide higher separation selectivity during desalination of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride by membrane distillation compared with the initial poly(ethylene terephthalate) track-etched membrane. In addition, the performance of two-layer composite membranes in the process of membrane distillation due to low resistance to mass transfer is higher in comparison with a track-etched membrane made of polypropylene.
Influence of the medical titanium alloys samples composition and surface properties on the ability to support escherichia coli adhesion and biofilm formation
Authors:   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nasakina E. O. , Sudarchikova M. A. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivannikov A. Yu. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Russian Academy of Sciences, Andreevskaya V. M. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Phytopathology,   M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kottsov S. Yu. ,   Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Dormidontov N. A. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Russian Academy of Sciences, Morozova Ya. A. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Russian Academy of Sciences, Konushkin S. V. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergienko K. V. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevostyanov M. A. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Russian Academy of Sciences,   All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Kolmakov A. G. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

The effect of 6 types of jet treatment and electrolytic plasma polishing on the roughness and wettability of the surface and interaction with the bacterium Escherichia coli of two commercial titanium-based alloys used in medicine, VT1-0 (pure titanium) and VT6 (titanium alloy with aluminum and vanadium) and Ti alloy developed at IMET RAS was studied-Nb-Zr. It is noted that all created surfaces are wettable, the wetting angle is naturally higher the lower the surface roughness, however, in the case of all materials after sandblasting with mixtures with a wide range of particles in size, an increase in the wetting angle is noted. All metal samples do not have antibacterial activity and do not contribute to the formation of a sterile zone. However, when studying the ability to form biofilms from the bacterium Escherichia coli on the surface of metals. It was found out that their number is significantly lower compared to the control, which was cultivated under ideal conditions for the growth of this bacterium. The alloy under development, which potentially has better biomechanical compatibility than the commercial ones used, did not show a deterioration in surface characteristics and an effect on the growth of bacteria.
Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of ZrO2 – ZrB2 – ZrC composite material
Authors:   Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science Russian Academy of Sciences, Chizhikov A. P. , Zhidovich A. O. ,   Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science Russian Academy of Sciences, Khomenko N. Yu. ,   Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science Russian Academy of Sciences, Antipov M. S. ,   Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science Russian Academy of Sciences, Bazhin P. M. ,   Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

In this work, composite materials based on zirconium oxide stabilized by yttria were obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. The content of the stabilizing additive of yttrium oxide in the ratio (1 – x)ZrO2 – xY2O3 corresponded to x ϵ [0; 9] mol. %. The work carried out thermodynamic calculations of the adiabatic combustion temperature of the studied compositions. Calculations are given for various cases, taking into account different options for melting the synthesis products. According to calculations, the introduction of a stabilizing additive of yttrium oxide affects the combustion temperature of the materials studied. Namely, the introduction of yttrium oxide in an amount corresponding to x = 1 mol % leads to a sharp increase in the combustion temperature. A further increase in the concentration of yttrium oxide in the starting material leads to a monotonic decrease in the adiabatic combustion temperature. The results of an experimental study of the combustion temperature of the studied materials showed that the real dependence of this parameter on the content of yttrium oxide in the starting materials is of a similar nature to the theoretical one. According to the results of studying the phase composition of the obtained materials, the introduction of a stabilizing additive of yttrium oxide into the initial mixture leads to an increase in the tetragonal modification of zirconium oxide in the synthesis products. At the same time, it was found that in addition to monoclinic and tetragonal zirconium oxide, the synthesis products contained zirconium carbide and diboride. Zirconium oxide, according to the results of studying the microstructure, was a matrix containing uniformly distributed particles of zirconium carbide and diboride.
Using machine learning to automate the collection, transcription, and analysis of verbal-report data
Authors: Mechera-Ostrovsky Tehilla , Ungermann Paul , Donkin Chris
Published: November 2024

What people think and say during experiments is important for our understanding of the human mind. However, the collection and analysis of verbal-report data in experiments is relatively costly, and so is grossly underutilized. Here, we aim to reduce such costs by providing software that will collect, transcribe, and analyse verbal-report data. Verbal data is collected using jsPsych (De Leeuw, 2015), making it suitable for online and lab-based experiments. The transcription and analyses rely on machine-learning methods (e.g., large-language models), making them substantially more efficient than current methods using human coders. We demonstrate how to use the software we provide in a case study via a simple memory experiment. This collection of software was made to be modular, so that the various components can be updated and replaced with superior models and new methods easily added. It is our sincere hope that this approach popularizes the collection of verbal-report data in psychology experiments.
Peer-Reported Social Adjustment and Social Media Use Patterns among Adolescents: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Khare Sanyogita Santoshkumar , Pouwels J. Loes , Hendriks Hanneke , Otten Roy
Published: November 2024

This study examined the association between adolescents’ social adjustment and their social media use (SMU) patterns. Participants were 716 Dutch adolescents (Mage = 13.2 years, 48.3% girls). Latent profile analysis of self-reported time spent on SMU, intensity of online peer communication, and problematic SMU yielded four distinct patterns: problematic heavy use (n = 129), non-problematic heavy use (n = 262), moderate use (n = 197), and low use (n = 128). Adolescents' peer-reported social status and behaviors were associated with the SMU patterns. Withdrawn or more prosocial adolescents were less likely to engage in SMU overall. Popular or proactive aggressive adolescents were likely to show non-problematic heavy SMU, while disliked, reactively aggressive, or less pro-social adolescents showed some risk for problematic SMU. The findings suggest a distinction be-tween heavy and problematic SMU and that adolescents’ risk for problematic SMU varied between subtypes of social status and behaviors.
Temporal proximity affects the detailed recall of events in a nested hierarchy
Authors: Hong Bryan , Tran My An , Cheng Heidi , Huang Yinqi , Barense Morgan
Published: November 2024

Retrieved-context models of memory posit that a slowly drifting neural context signal is encoded alongside items in memory. However, this signal can be disrupted by event boundaries, affecting the temporal relationships between items across event boundaries. Here, we investigated how temporal proximity and event boundaries affect the detailed recall of events. Specifically, we assessed memory for events in the movie Forrest Gump, chosen specifically because of its hierarchical event structure with individual events in the movie being nested within broader life-periods (e.g., childhood, college, etc.). Importantly, the trial order at recall was structured such that adjacent trials tested events that were (1) either temporally close or far and (2) either within or across a life period. Participants provided both more event-specific details and more false memories for an event when the preceding event came from the same life period, suggesting that recall of the life period supported recall of episodic information, but also increased the likelihood of providing false information. Further, participants provided more intrusions from non-cued events after just recalling an event that was temporally distant, with this effect exacerbated if the preceding event was also across a life period boundary. Quantifying event similarity between the cued event and the sources of intrusions suggests that participants may be providing supplementary information to help scaffold memory for the cued event. Altogether, these results demonstrate that both temporal proximity and event boundaries affect detailed memory recall, extending previous findings into the domain of naturalistic events.
Transparency, Quality, and Statistical Consistency of Meta-Analytic Systematic Reviews in Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology (2022-2024): Study Protocol for a Meta-Review
Authors: Siegel Magdalena , Fanninger Selina , Riedel Julia , Zemp Martina
Published: November 2024

Meta-analytic systematic reviews are crucial for advancing research and practice in Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology (CCAP). Despite their importance, there has been no systematic investigation into transparency- and quality-related aspects of these reviews in leading CCAP journals. This study protocol (https://osf.io/qhrau/) proposes a meta-review to assess the transparency, methodological quality, and statistical consistency of recent meta-analytic systematic reviews (2022-2024) published in leading journals from CCAP, aiming to improve future practices in the field. We will include meta-analytic systematic reviews from seven leading journals publishing CCAP-related content between 2022–2024 (estimated sample size based on piloting = 60). Eligible systematic reviews need to have conducted a frequentist meta-analysis, define eligible populations as children or adolescents between 0–20 years (ideally based on primary study sample mean), may include a clinical psychological or psychotherapeutic intervention, and need to focus on clinical psychological outcomes (no comparators defined). We will search Web of Science (Core Collection) by combining journal names and systematic review-related keywords. Eligible meta-analytic systematic reviews will be assessed for transparency (PRISMA-adaptation; newly developed set of items for CCAP-related content), methodological quality (AMSTAR 2), and statistical consistency (statcheck). Descriptive analyses will include overall and domain-based scores, as well as exploratory analyses assessing associations with transparency-promoting factors on review and journal level. This meta-review can potentially shed light on and enhance the transparency, quality, and statistical consistency within meta-analytic systematic reviews from the field of CCAP. In doing so, it may provide guidance for researchers, reviewers, and editors, while laying the groundwork for future, large-scaled meta-studies in this field.
Hidden Synergy: Hong Kong’s Role in the Development of Science and Technology in Chinese Higher Education
Authors: Zhou Yisu , SHEN Yang , Yao Xinyue
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the rapid growth of China’s science and technology (S&T) sector within the broader context of higher education, focusing on the often-overlooked role of Hong Kong in this transformation. While conventional explanations emphasize China’s relationship with the United States, this study argues that Hong Kong has played a crucial, yet underappreciated, role in advancing China’s higher education and S&T capabilities. Despite its reputation as a finance-driven city, Hong Kong has developed a robust academic and scientific community that fostered close collaborations with mainland institutions. In the 1990s, as Hong Kong’s research doctoral programs were gaining momentum, mainland students sought high-quality advanced training, and members of the overseas Chinese academic diaspora returned to join Hong Kong universities. This cross-border collaboration thrived despite cultural and ideological differences, combining the mainland’s motivated talent pool with Hong Kong’s free academic environment. Using a comprehensive dataset from the Web of Science, institutional archives, university leader biographies, and PhD dissertation records from Hong Kong’s top universities, this paper provides both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the historical collaboration between Hong Kong and mainland China. The findings reveal that this relationship was evolutionary, initiated by forward-thinking educators long before formal mechanisms were in place, and was instrumental in China’s rise to global prominence in higher education and S&T. By revisiting this underexplored dimension of China’s educational development, this paper offers a new understanding of the forces behind the country’s remarkable achievements in higher education and scientific research.
Strategic management accounting: a case study of a utility Company
Authors: Bastidas Luz , Arengas Gustavo
Published: November 2024

The objective of this article is to analyze the contributions of strategic management accounting in decision-making processes. To develop this objective, a case study was carried out in Codensa S.A, a Colombian public service company dedicated to the distribution and commercialization of energy in the country. The data collection and analysis methods were qualitative, using semi-structured interviews with key executives from the areas of Financial Planning and Control, Accounting and Business, with extensive knowledge of business management and more than three years of experience. Likewise, the research was developed by applying content analysis to the information obtained from academic journals and interviews. Finally, in this study it was found that the importance of strategic management accounting in organizations lies in being a support base for managerial decisions, providing tools, methods and analysis that are necessary to direct companies to achieve their strategic objectives. from an internal and external perspective, in the short and long term.
What Does It Mean to Change the U.S. Immigration System? Perspectives from U.S. Immigration Advocates
Authors: Asad Asad L. , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Sofia , Ro E Ju , Medina Daniel Tovar , Mousa Nora
Published: November 2024

This report describes how immigration advocates—people engaging in political or legal campaigns for, and/or offering direct services and support to, immigrants—understand their efforts to reduce or prevent the harms of the U.S. immigration system on immigrants and their families. We draw on interviews with 67 immigration advocates representing 76 immigrant-serving nonprofits across the United States between November 2021 and February 2023. The interviews affirm advocates and their organizations’ important frontline roles in reducing systemic harm by addressing immigrants’ immediate material, social, and/or legal needs. Yet, when it comes to preventing harm by reforming or transforming the immigration system, many advocates believe their efforts do little but maintain the system’s structure. Advocates attribute this dynamic to several sources, including the ever-evolving harms of the current system; the demands of the public and private funders their organizations rely on; intraorganizational challenges common to immigrant-serving organizations; and the perceived immovability of the national, state, and local political contexts they work in. We conclude with several immediate and long-range suggestions for immigration advocates to consider as they continue their work.
A4×Z2×Z4 flavor symmetry model for neutrino oscillation phenomenology
Authors: Vo Van Vien
Published: November 2024

We propose a SM extension which aims to explain the most recent experimental data on neutrino oscillation. Beside $A_4$, two Abelian symmetries $Z_2$ and $Z_4$ are supplemented to prevent some Yukawa terms to get the desired mass matrices and then give predictions for the neutrino oscillation parameters in agreement with the most recent experimental data on neutrino oscillation in 3$\sigma$ range. The model provide a predictive relation between the solar and reactor neutrino mixing angles and gives possible prediction on the Dirac CP phase and two Majorana phases as well as the eﬀective neutrino mass being in agreement with the most recent constraints.
Numerical study of P3HT-based hybrid solid-state qantum dot solar cells with CdS quantum dots employing different metal oxides using SCAPS-1D
Authors: SEDDAR YAGOUB Mohamed , ADNANE Mohamed
Published: November 2024

This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation into solid-state quantum dot solar cells (SSQDSCs) utilizing P3HT poly(3-hexylthiophene) as both a hole transport and absorber layer employing SCAPS-1D simulation software, the research explores the performance of cells composed of FTO (Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide) as the front contact, integrated with different metal oxides (Titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and tin dioxide (SnO2), CdS (Cadmium sulfide )quantum dots, P3HT, and Pt (platinum )as the back contact namely Hybrid solar cell. The thickness of each layer is systematically optimized, and the influence of various CdS quantum dots sizes is thoroughly examined. The study also dived into the characterization of interface defects at the P3HT/CdS junction, involving modifications to the electron affinity of P3HT. Additionally, the impact of metal work function variations was also investigated analyzing at each case critical parameters such as open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current density (JSC), fill factor (FF), power conversion efficiency (PCE) and quantum efficiency. The results demonstrate that optimization of these parameters has the potential to elevate solar cell efficiency to 18%. These simulation findings offer valuable insights for comparative analysis and a deeper understanding of the challenges encountered in experimental research.
Drug expiration study using Raman spectroscopy and super paramagnetic clustering
Authors: Guizar-Ruiz Juan Ignacio , Anaya-Martin Esthefani , González-Solís José Luis
Published: November 2024

Currently, there is a belief that drugs used after the expiration date no longer work, or even these can cause some damage. In the present work, several types of drugs on the market with different expiration dates are analyzed to find out if these, with the expired expiration date, present spectroscopic differences from those drugs whose expiration date is still valid. This study used the Raman spectroscopy technique to determine the chemical composition of drugs. To measure the drug Raman spectra, Horiba equipment, LabRam HR800, was used with an Olympus confocal microscope focusing a laser of 830 nm and 17 mW on the drugs through a 50 X Leica long-range objective. The Super Paramagnetic Clustering (SPC) method was applied to classify the Raman spectra. In the SPC method, the clustering process is based on a phenomenon of clustering observed in nature at the atomic level and perfectly described by a statistical physics model known as the Potts model, which describes the interacting spins on a crystalline lattice. This clustering method allows for identifying hierarchical structures in the spectra data banks. Fourteen drugs were analyzed, including 2 capsules, 5 tablets, 2 liquid samples, 4 ointments, and one spray with 1 to 3 expired expiration dates. Comparing drugs with expiration dates that are still valid and expired, the SPC results applied to the Raman spectra showed that, although some drugs indicated chemical differences, others indicated no chemical differences, even among those with up to two expired expiration dates. The results showed that Raman spectroscopy and SPC are excellent tools for discriminating between expired and non-expired drugs. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was also applied as a cross-checking method of the SPC result, obtaining consistent results. To our knowledge, it is the first preliminary result evaluating the usefulness of Raman spectroscopy and SPC in identifying expired drugs distributed on the market.
Effective methods for population control in dogs and cats in the municipality of Salinópolis, Pará
Authors: De Oliveira Agnes Maynara , Siqueira Luma Alves Dias , Santana Ricardo Luis , Cabral Gerônimo da Silva , Hadad Yvana Carla , Da Silva Edelvan Soares , Da Silva Junior Luiz Monteiro , Moreira Luiz Fernando , Moraes David Maridelzira Betânia , Carvalho Elaine Lopes de
Published: November 2024

In Brazil, the population of dogs and cats is growing exponentially, causing adverse public and environmental health problems. The multiplication of these stray animals results in an increase in abandonment and mistreatment, also facilitating the proliferation of zoonoses, causing impacts on human health. Surgical sterilization, along with educational programs aimed at the populace, promotes awareness among owners regarding responsible ownership and can largely solve these problems, especially through greater incentives from public policies. In view of the above, this study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of neutering programs for dogs and cats with the aim of controlling their population, focusing on the One Health approach. On November 15th, 16th and 17th, 2019, the Veterinários da Amazônia group carried out a free surgical sterilization action in the municipality of Salinópolis, Pará (Brazil), using the minimally invasive technique with a snook hook for ovariohysterectomy in female felines and canines, pre-scrotal orchiectomy in male canines, and scrotal in male felines, resulting in 98 sterilizations, 55.1% canines and 46.9% felines, demonstrating a greater demand for the castration of female animals. Based on this, it is estimated that approximately 1,152 puppy and kitten births were prevented annually by the sterilization campaign in the municipality of Salinópolis (PA), 576 of which were felines and 576 dogs, representing an impact of approximately 16.52% on the feline community and approximately 6.27% on the canine community of the municipality. These data indicate that the campaign was of great importance in reducing the birth rate, contributing significantly to the control of the stray animal population and to the promotion of animal welfare in the region. However, for effective birth control, greater awareness of the populace regarding responsible guardianship as a predominant factor in animal welfare and subsequently the reduced abandonment of dogs and cats is required.
Deradicalization Through Multicultural Islamic Religious Education at The Islamic University
Authors: Burhan Djamaluddin  , Bahri Syamsul , Abdul Halim  , Nurlailah  , Chabibi Muhammad
Published: November 2024

In the context of preventing radicalism, it is important to research educational institutions that have implemented multicultural Islamic education. This article explains how deradicalization is pursued through Multicultural Islamic Education at Universitas Islam Malang (UNISMA. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach to understand the role of Islamic religious education in shaping students' multicultural attitudes. Data were collected through observations, interviews with 15 alumni from three cohorts, and documentation, focusing on the integration of multiculturalism concepts in the course materials. The findings indicate that the Multicultural PAI doctoral program at UNISMA significantly contributes to preventing radicalism by promoting tolerance and inclusive religious education. The program encompasses both theological and socio-cultural aspects, which help transform students' mindsets to become more open and reinforce the values of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika and Pancasila within the framework of Islamic education. The curriculum serves as a deradicalization tool by deepening the understanding of diversity and encouraging positive interactions within and between religious communities. However, its effectiveness is influenced by students' subjective factors, such as their attitudes, and external factors like the sociopolitical context. Further research is needed to assess the program's long-term impact and refine the curriculum based on student feedback.
Retinopathy and their mechanism
Authors: Waqar Mazhar Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Retinopathy is the emerging disease in Pakistan over the age of 30 in diabetic patients. In diabetic patients this disease causes blindness, visual loss, and hazy eyesight. Several suggested metabolic mechanisms that connect micro vascular problems to hyperglycemia. Activation of protein kinase C (PKC), oxidative stress, polyol buildup, and the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a few of these. The anti-VEGF drugs, laser, eye surgery is the treatment of Retinopathy. The patient HBA1C lab test below than 6.5% will be preferred for surgery. The Diabetic patient should control their blood glucose level to reduce the complexicity of the disease.
Deranged Resistant Blood Pressure- Challenges of Tailoring Medications!
Authors: Kishanrao Suresh
Published: November 2024

Deranged blood pressure is a condition where an individual is hypertensive or Hypotensive. Hypertensive is a person over the age of 18 years with a systolic pressure reading of 140 mmHg or more or a diastolic reading of 90 mmHg or more as suggested by WHO. Similarly, a systolic BP lower than 90 mm Hg or a Diastolic BP of less than 60 mm Hg” is considered as Hypotension. European Society of Hypertension has tried to minimize the differences among multiple recommendations in 2023 and recommended ESH guidelines for management of arterial hypertension based on Hypertension disease staging and other risk factors like i) Hypertension mediated organ damage (HMOD), ii) cardiovascular disease, iii) diabetes and iv) chronic kidney disease. HMOD refers to structural or functional changes in arteries or target organs that can be present in long-standing hypertension but found in never treated patients at the first consultation and diagnosis. Current management strategies are based on the association of Hypertension with the complications identified at the time of first diagnosis, contrary to age old belief of initiating mono-drug therapy initially and adding additional drugs if the response is poor. Materials and Methods: This article aims to familiarise the Primary care providers and readers with the evaluation and management of resistant hypertension by discussing a recent patient’s case report of the struggle for last 6 months in author’s care, including consultations with a Nephrologist & a cardiologist, and lessons learnt of the most recent therapeutic approaches. Treatment Outcome: It has taken more than 9 months from August 2023 till May 2024, to stabilize the patient’s (HTN, CVD &CKD) BP in recommended ranges.
Complementary-Determining Region Invertebrate Primitive Antibody From;Sea Star »Modelization 3d With Human Igk
Authors: Leclerc Michel
Published: November 2024

Our findings consist of the importance of an individualized approach based on infectious risk and prudent antibiotic management to prevent antibiotic resistance, and highlight the need for further research to better assess the clinical impact of antibiotic prophylaxis in this specific context of transurethral resection of bladder tumor.
Health-related Quality of Life among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Malik Abrar Bakry
Published: November 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that causes considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide, resulting in an impaired quality of life in affected people. Aim: To assess health-related quality of life among patients with type II diabetes mellitus and its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted from January to July 2022 at Ribat University Hospital in Khartoum and Abdallah Khalil Diabetic Centre in Omdurman. A total of 400 patients with type II diabetes who visited the referred clinics were enrolled in the study. Data was collected by face-to-face interview using the revised Diabetes Quality of Life instrument to assess the health-related quality of life. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 and summarized using tables and charts. The association between health-related quality of life and sociodemographic characteristics, clinical factors and lifestyle factors was obtained using chi-square test. Results: The mean score for overall health-related quality of life was 29.3 ± 11.5 while each domain of “satisfaction”, “impact” and “worry” had mean scores of 13.7 ± 4.9, 8.5 ± 4.4 and 7.1 ± 3.7, respectively. Since the scores obtained were only approximately half of the possible range of scores for quality of life, the overall health-related quality of life is considered to be moderate. This study also revealed that 40% of the participants have poor health-related quality of life. The relationship between HbA1c level & health-related quality of life was statistically significant (P value = 0.044) in which high glycosylated hemoglobin levels was associated with poor quality of life. Gender, age, education level, marital status, duration of diabetes and the presence of comorbidities and complications had statistically significant association with health-related quality of life. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a moderate overall health-related quality of life among patients with T2DM. Besides, it also demonstrates a low quality of life among 40% of patients with T2D, suggesting that quality of life should be included in any modality used for treating diabetic patients.