bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lyme Disease Patient Trajectories Learned from Electronic Medical Data for Stratification of Disease Risk and Therapeutic Response
Authors: Ichikawa Osamu , Glicksberg Benjamin S. , Genes Nicholas , Kidd Brian A. , Li Li , Dudley Joel T.
Published: March 2019

Lyme disease (LD) is the most common tick-borne illness in the United States. Although appropriate antibiotic treatment is effective for most cases, up to 20% of patients develop post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). There is an urgent need to improve clinical management of LD using precise understanding of disease and patient stratification. We applied machine-learning to electronic medical records to better characterize the heterogeneity of LD and developed predictive models for identifying medications that are associated with risks of subsequent comorbidities. For broad disease categories, we identified 3, 16, and 17 comorbidities within 2, 5, and 10 years of diagnosis, respectively. At a higher resolution of ICD-9 codes, we identified known associations with LD including chronic pain and cognitive disorders, as well as particular comorbidities on a timescale that matched PTLDS symptomology. We identified 7, 30, and 35 medications associated with risks of these comorbidities within 2, 5, and 10 years, respectively. For instance, the first-line antibiotic doxycycline exhibited a consistently protective association for typical symptoms of LD, including backache. Our approach and findings may suggest new hypotheses for more personalized treatments regimens for LD patients.
Morphological changes of telocytes in camel efferent ductules in response to seasonal variations during the reproductive cycle
Authors: Abdel-Maksoud Fatma M. , Abd-Elhafeez Hanan H. , Soliman Soha A.
Published: March 2019

Telocytes (TCs) are a distinct stromal cell type described in many organs. The present study investigated the existence of TCs within the efferent ductules in camel and the changes that occur in their morphology and activity during active and inactive reproductive seasons. TCs in the camel had a cell body and multiple telopodes (TPs), and most TCs had indented nuclei that exhibited prominent intranucleolar chromatin. TCs exhibited seasonal differences which were evaluated by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry (IHC), Transimition electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of TCs in camel efferent ductules has been confirmed by CD34 positive immunostaing. In addition to the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which was stronger in the summer season. TCs exhibited stronger immunoreactivity for progesterone and oestrogen alpha receptors (ESR1) in the spring than in the summer. In addition, TCs showed strong positive immunostaining for both vimentin and androgen receptor (AR). Several ultrastructural changes were observed in TCs during the two seasons. TPs in the summer season had delicate ramifications whereas, in the spring, TPs displayed fine arborization and became more corrugated. TCs acquired signs of exaggerated secretory activities in the spring; TPs became expanded and packed with secretory vesicles. Thus, we conclude that, hormonal alterations during the reproductive cycle impact the morphology and secretory behavior of TCs.
Retinotopic and topographic analyses with gaze restriction for steady-state visual evoked potentials
Authors: Zhang Nannan , Liu Yadong , Yin Erwei , Deng Baosong , Cao Lu , Jiang Jun , Zhou Zongtan , Hu Dewen
Published: March 2019

Although the mechanisms of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) have been well studied, none of them have been implemented with strictly experimental conditions. Our objective was to create an ideal observer condition to exploit the features of SSVEPs. We present here an electroencephalographic (EEG) eye tracking experimental paradigm that provides biofeedback for gaze restriction during the visual stimulation. Specifically, we designed an EEG eye tracking synchronous data recording system for successful trial selection. Forty-six periodic flickers within a visual field of 11.5° were successively presented to evoke SSVEP responses, and online biofeedback based on an eye tracker was provided for gaze restriction. For eight participants, SSVEP responses in the visual field and topographic maps from full-brain EEG were plotted and analyzed. The experimental results indicated that the optimal visual flicking arrangement to boost SSVEPs should include the features of circular stimuli within a 4–6° spatial distance and increased stimulus area below the fixation point. These findings provide a basis for determining stimulus parameters for neural engineering studies, e.g. SSVEP-based brain-computer interface (BCI) designs. The proposed experimental paradigm could also provide a precise framework for future SSVEP-related studies.
Transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis of an EPA-containing Nannochloropsis sp. PJ12 in response to nitrogen deprivation
Authors: Liang Jibei , Wen Fang , Liu Jianhua
Published: March 2019

To understand genes involved in neutral lipid accumulation upon nitrogen deprivation (ND) in a novel isolate of Nannochloropsis sp. PJ12, we performed comparative transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses of cells under ND and NR (nitrogen replete) conditions. Transcriptomic profiling indicated that, while enzymes involved in TCA cycle in PJ12 under ND condition were upregulated compared to that under NR condition, those involved in Calvin cycle and glycolysis under ND condition were downregulated. Furthermore, we showed that enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis and glycerolipid synthesis were downregulated but not β-oxidation. Lipidomic profiling indicated that, while the level of neutral lipids in ND cells was increased compared to that of NR cells, level of photosynthetic membrane-lipids DGDG and PG was decreased. Taken together, our analysis indicated that TAG accumulation is attributed to the modification of membrane lipids derived primarily from “prokaryotic” pathway and secondarily from “eukaryotic” pathway based on the 16:X or 18:X fatty acid at the sn2 position of the glycerol backbone. We propose that two-phase (NR-ND) growth is ideal for biomass and biofuel production because ND reduces cell growth rate due to the loss of photosynthetic membrane and decreased quantum yield.
Evaluation of a new lymphocyte proliferation assay based on cyclic voltammetry; an alternative method
Authors: Nikbakht Mohammad , Pakbin Babak , Nikbakht Brujeni Gholamreza
Published: March 2019

Lymphocyte proliferation assays are widely used to assess the cell-mediated immunity. Current in vitro testing methods that are being used have extensive applications but still more problematic, due to the technical complexity and the needs for specialized equipment and reagents. Electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry represent a very promising tool for the development of label-free in vitro assays of cell proliferation and viability. Here, a novel procedure based on voltammetric behaviours of proliferating cells was fabricated. Results indicated that proliferation in cell cultures and whole blood can be monitored electrochemically using cyclic voltammetry. In the comparison with colorimetric (MTT) assay, cyclic voltammetry gave the best correlation with cell count data over a range of 1200–300,000 cells/well of a microplate. Besides the advantages of short assay duration (4 hours) and the rapidness, the possibility use of fresh blood without further processing, would give more accurate results because cells are monitoring in an intact environment. Cyclic voltammetry assay is an efficient analytical method, which can provide a simple platform for the electrochemical study of lymphocyte proliferation.
New High-energy Anode Materials
Authors: Niu Junjie , Kang Shuai
Published: March 2019

New anode materials that can deliver higher specific capacities compared to the traditional graphite in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are attracting more attention. In this chapter, we discuss the current research progress on high-energy-density anode materials including various carbons, MXenes, silicon, metals, metal oxides, metal sulfides and lithium metal. Electrochemical reaction mechanisms such as electrode volume change, solid-electrolyte interphase formation, and the corresponding solutions are discussed respectively. In particular the Li metal in rechargeable Li–metal batteries, Li–air/oxygen batteries and Li–sulfur batteries is described.
From Lithium to Sodium and Potassium Batteries
Authors: Hameed A. Shahul , Kubota Kei , Komaba Shinichi
Published: March 2019

Lithium-ion batteries have the highest volumetric and gravimetric energy densities among the available rechargeable batteries, hence they are the prime choice of power source in numerous portable devices. It is expected that there will be tremendous growth in electric vehicles and electrical energy storage in the future. Employing Li-ion batteries on a large scale may strain the lithium supply due to geopolitical constraints and the lower abundance of lithium resources in the Earth's crust. Therefore, sustainable and low-cost alternate energy storage systems are necessary. In this chapter, the prospects for alternate energy storage systems are reviewed for sustainable/green energy in the future along with research progress in the field of sodium- and potassium-ion batteries.
Impact ofin vitrogastrointestinal digestion on the chemical composition, bioactive properties, and cytotoxicity ofVitis viniferaL. cv.Syrahgrape pomace extract
Authors: Costa Joana R. , Amorim Manuela , Vilas-Boas Ana , Tonon Renata V. , Cabral Lourdes M. C. , Pastrana Lorenzo , Pintado Manuela
Published: March 2019

Grape pomace (GP) is a major byproduct worldwide, and it is well known for its bioactive compounds, such as fibers and phenolic compounds, that are popular for their impact upon human health, including in gastrointestinal health.
Polymorphism of hydrogen-bonded star mesogens – a combinatorial DFT-D and FT-IR spectroscopy study
Authors: Pfletscher Michael , Wysoglad Janek , Gutmann Jochen S. , Giese Michael
Published: March 2019

The structure of hydrogen-bonded star mesogens is investigated using modern quantum chemistry methods in combination with infrared spectroscopy.
Performance of butanol separation from ABE mixtures by pervaporation using silicone-coated ionic liquid gel membranes
Authors: Cabezas R. , Suazo K. , Merlet G. , Quijada-Maldonado E. , Torres A. , Romero J.
Published: March 2019

This work aims at the separation of n-butanol from aqueous solutions by means of pervaporation using membranes based on gelled ionic liquids (IL).
Cell traction force in a confined microenvironment with double-sided micropost arrays
Authors: Hui Jianan , Pang Stella W.
Published: March 2019

Double-sided micropost arrays to monitor three-dimensional cell traction force development over time on top and bottom surfaces with controlled confinement and contact area.
Novel cathepsin K inhibitors block osteoclasts in vitro and increase spinal bone density in zebrafish
Authors: Xue Si-tu , Wang Ya-li , Han Xiao-wan , Yi Hong , Jiang Wei , Si Shu-yi , Guo Hui-fang , Li Zhuo-rong
Published: March 2019

Cathepsin K (Cat K) is a predominant cysteine protease and highly potent collagenase expressed in osteoclasts.
Mid-infrared GaAs/AlGaAs micro-ring resonators characterized via thermal tuning
Authors: Haas Julian , Artmann Philipp , Mizaikoff Boris
Published: March 2019

Micro-ring resonators with a decoupling waveguide have been fabricated from thin-film GaAs/Al0.2Ga0.8As waveguides accommodating mid-infrared wavelengths, and were characterized in detail via thermal tuning.
A citric acid-assisted deposition strategy to synthesize mesoporous SiO2-confined highly dispersed LaMnO3 perovskite nanoparticles for n-butylamine catalytic oxidation
Authors: Chen Huawei , Yang Yanran , Liu Qing , Cui Mifen , Chen Xian , Fei Zhaoyang , Tao Zuliang , Wang Minghong , Qiao Xu
Published: March 2019

A citric acid-assisted deposition strategy was applied to synthesize mesoporous SiO2-confined highly dispersed LaMnO3 perovskite nanoparticles with optimum catalytic performance and N2 selectivity.
Solar-driven co-thermolysis of CO2 and H2O promoted by in situ oxygen removal across a non-stoichiometric ceria membrane
Authors: Tou Maria , Jin Jian , Hao Yong , Steinfeld Aldo , Michalsky Ronald
Published: March 2019

First-time experimental demonstration of simultaneous thermolysis of CO2 and H2O in a solar-driven membrane reactor.
A donor-chromophore-catalyst assembly for solar CO2 reduction
Authors: Wang Degao , Wang Ying , Brady Matthew D. , Sheridan Matthew V. , Sherman Benjamin D. , Farnum Byron H. , Liu Yanming , Marquard Seth L. , Meyer Gerald J. , Dares Christopher J. , Meyer Thomas J.
Published: March 2019

We describe here the preparation and characterization of a photocathode assembly for CO2 reduction to CO in 0.1 M LiClO4 acetonitrile.
Site-selective functionalization of Si6R6siliconoids
Authors: Heider Yannic , Poitiers Nadine E. , Willmes Philipp , Leszczyńska Kinga I. , Huch Volker , Scheschkewitz David
Published: March 2019

The recent progress in the synthesis of partially substituted neutral silicon clusters (siliconoids) revealed unique structures and electronic anisotropies that are reminiscent of bulk and nano surfaces of silicon.
Band alignment of Pb–Sn mixed triple cation perovskites for inverted solar cells with negligible hysteresis
Authors: Ji Long , Zhang Xiangzhao , Zhang Ting , Wang Yafei , Wang Feng , Zhong Zhiqin , Chen Zhi David , Xiao Zewen , Chen Li , Li Shibin
Published: March 2019

We exploit the Sn ratio to optimize the band alignment in Pb–Sn mixed triple perovskite solar cells with an inverted structure.
Highly flexible self-powered photodetectors based on core–shell Sb/CdS nanowires
Authors: Chai Ruiqing , Lou Zheng , Shen Guozhen
Published: March 2019

High-performance, flexible, and self-powered photodetectors based on Sb/CdS nanowires were successfully fabricated using a two-step method.
A two-dimensional Ni(ii) coordination polymer based on a 3,5-bis(1′,2′,4′-triazol-1′-yl)pyridine ligand for water electro-oxidation
Authors: Wang Chun-Ling , Song Chuan-Qi , Shen Wen-Hui , Qi Yuan-Yuan , Xue Ying , Shi Yao Cheng , Yu Huaguang , Feng Ligang
Published: March 2019

A two-dimensional Ni(ii) coordination polymer based on a novel 3,5-bis(1′,2′,4′-triazol-1′-yl)pyridine rigid ligand was proposed as a novel and efficient molecular catalyst for water oxidation.
Organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of highly functionalized spiro-thiazolone–cyclopropane-oxindoles bearing two vicinal spiro quaternary centers
Authors: Wang Shengzheng , Guo Zhongjie , Wu Ying , Liu Wei , Liu Xueying , Zhang Shengyong , Sheng Chunquan
Published: March 2019

Spiro-thiazolone–cyclopropane-oxindoles with three contiguous stereocenters, including two vicinal quaternary centers, were obtained via an organocatalytic asymmetric Michael/alkylation cascade reaction.
Effect of molecular flexibility on the rheological and filtration properties of synthetic polymers used as fluid loss additives in water-based drilling fluid
Authors: Chu Qi , Lin Ling
Published: March 2019

The effect of molecular flexibility on the rheological and filtration properties of synthetic polymers used as fluid loss additives in water-based drilling fluid was investigated.
Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic graphene aerogel for adsorption of oil pollutants from water
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Chunchun , Liu Shuai , Chen Lin , Yang Sudong
Published: March 2019

SGA with superhydrophobic and oleophilic properties was prepared from a PDA functionalized graphene aerogel via a hydrothermal method and subsequent hydrophobic modification using fluoroalkylsilane through vapor–liquid deposition.
Annealing effects on the structural and dielectric properties of (Nb + In) co-doped rutile TiO2 ceramics
Authors: Zhao Lanling , Wang Jun , Gai Zhigang , Li Jichao , Liu Jian , Wang Jiyang , Wang Chunlei , Wang Xiaolin
Published: March 2019

Density functional theory calculations were conducted to investigate the electronic structures of rutile Ti16O32, Ti13Nb2InO32, and Ti13Nb2InO31 systems.
The electronic properties and band-gap discontinuities at the cubic boron nitride/diamond hetero-interface
Authors: Zhao Dehe , Gao Wei , Li Yujing , Zhang Yuyuan , Yin Hong
Published: March 2019

Clarifying the electronic states and structures of the c-BN/diamond interface is of extreme importance for bundling these two different wide-band gap materials in order to synthesize hybrid structures with new functional properties.
1-Alkyl-3-alkylindolin-2-imine hydrochlorides as useful building blocks in the copper-catalyzed synthesis of polycyclic indoline scaffolds
Authors: Liu Can , Yang Haijun , Zhu Changjin , Fu Hua
Published: March 2019

A novel and efficient copper-catalyzed synthesis of dihydro-6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline derivatives has been developed by using 3-alkyl-1-alkylindolin-2-imine hydrochlorides as the building blocks.
RNA ligation of very small pseudo nick structures by T4 RNA ligase 2, leading to efficient production of versatile RNA rings
Authors: Cheng Kai , An Ran , Cui Yixiao , Zhang Yaping , Han Xutiange , Sui Zhe , Chen Hui , Liang Xingguo , Komiyama Makoto
Published: March 2019

T4 Rnl2 ligates ssRNA via nick-like structures, leading to efficient production of versatile RNA rings for various applications.
Preparation and characterization of crosslinked poly(vinylimidazolium) anion exchange membranes for artificial photosynthesis
Authors: Carter Blaine M. , Keller Laura , Wessling Matthias , Miller Daniel J.
Published: March 2019

The dependence of small molecule transport on the water content of ion exchange materials frustrates the development of membranes with both high ionic conductivity and low alcohol permeability for artificial photosynthesis devices.
A novel composite strategy to build a sub-zero temperature stable anode for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Mo Fangjie , Lian Zixuan , Fu Bowen , Song Yun , Wang Pei , Fang Fang , Zhou Yong-Ning , Peng Shuming , Sun Dalin
Published: March 2019

Boosting the sub-zero temperature performance of SIBs by integrating graphene, Ga-based sulfides and cobalt sulfides into one anode material.
Comparative study of zigBee topologies for IoT‐based lighting automation
Authors: Varghese Susan G. , Kurian Ciji Pearl , George V.I. , John Anupriya , Nayak Varsha , Upadhyay Anil
Published: March 2019

ZigBee standard is the popular communication protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) networks. An energy efficient WSN technology is a good choice for an IoT based lighting control technology. This article is a comparative analysis for finding the quality of service parameters provided by the different topologies of ZigBee for a wireless networked lighting control system. In order to estimate the energy consumption in ZigBee topologies for lighting automation, this work analyses the star, mesh, and tree topology‐based WSN with two routing protocols Adhoc on‐demand distance vector (AODV) and dynamic source routing (DSR). Lighting automation using wireless control networks with sensor‐actuator nodes in a laboratory is considered as the test scenario. The applicability of ZigBee topologies for IoT‐based lighting automation is discussed by the evaluation of performance parameters like average jitter, throughput, end‐to‐end delay, and energy model.
Grundlage des Einkaufs 4.0: Interoperabilität von Supply Chain und Medizin durch valide Stammdaten
Authors: Otten Hubert , Thun Sylvia , Rathmer Alfons
Published: March 2019

„Im Einkauf liegt der Gewinn“ lautet eine alte Kaufmannsweisheit. Dies trifft im deutschen Gesundheitswesen – wenn überhaupt –nur sehr differenziert zu. Insbesondere im C-Artikel-Segment ist die Gewinnsteigerung deutlich höher, wenn man einen medienbruchfreien und automatisierten Beschaffungsprozess hat. Prozess- oder generell qualitätsmindernde Einsparungen im Zuge weiter fallender Einkaufspreise sind nachrangig.
QM-Instrumente des Einkaufs: Lieferantenbewertung – ein Hebel zur Qualitätssteigerung
Authors: Winkels zur Strassen Katja , Schulz Jens-Patrick
Published: March 2019

Ein wichtiges QM-Instrument im deutschen Gesundheitswesen ist die Prospitalia Lieferantenbewertung. Sie unterstützt die Kliniken in der Erfüllung der Anforderungen des Qualitätsmanagements und ist ein wertvolles Instrument für Lieferantengespräche. Auf Lieferantenseite hat sie sich als starkes Benchmarking- und Motivationsinstrument für eine permanente Qualitätsverbesserung bis in das Top-Management der Unternehmen etabliert.
Experimental investigation of the particle oscillation instability in a single-axis acoustic levitator
Authors: Andrade Marco A. B. , Polychronopoulos Spyros , Memoli Gianluca , Marzo Asier
Published: March 2019

Single-axis acoustic levitators are employed in biomedicine, chemistry and physics experiments due to their ability to trap in mid-air objects of a wide range of materials and sizes. Although this type of levitator has been studied for decades, there are effects that are not well understood. One of these effects is the particle oscillation instability, in which the levitating particle starts to oscillate with increasing amplitude until it is ejected out of the levitator. Most of the operations performed with acoustic levitation require high accuracy regarding the positioning of the particle, thus a lack of stability severely hinders the experiments. In this paper, we present an experimental setup that consists of a single-axis levitator, a mechanized stage to control the separation between the emitter and the reflector, a scale to measure the radiation force and a high-speed camera. We experimentally investigate the effect of the distance between the emitter and the reflector on the apparatus resonant frequency and on levitation stability. In accordance with previous theoretical studies, three types of levitation behavior were experimentally identified: stable levitation, oscillation of constant amplitude and unstable oscillation. We also show that the type of levitation behavior can be controlled by changing the distance between the emitter and the reflector.
A Mössbauer study of DyCrO4 and ErCrO4
Authors: Stewart G. A. , Cadogan J. M. , Hutchison W. D. , Ryan D. H.
Published: March 2019

Earlier Mössbauer investigations of rare earth chromates RCrO4 with R = Gd and Tm were interpreted in terms of a superposition of two sub-spectra (approx. 4:1 area ratio), despite there being only a single crystallographic R(4a) site. In addition, the magnetic transitions exhibited first-order character, which is contrary to bulk magnetic measurements. However, new 161Dy and 166Er Mössbauer data presented here for DyCrO4 and ErCrO4 show the expected single rare earth site in both cases and a conventional second order behaviour for ErCrO4.
Exploring hard joints mining via hourglass-based generative adversarial network for human pose estimation
Authors: Zhu Aichun , Zhang Sai , Huang Yaoying , Hu Fangqiang , Cui Ran , Hua Gang
Published: March 2019

Human pose estimation has broad application prospects in the fields of human behavior recognition and human-computer interaction. Although the current human pose estimation methods have made tremendous progress, the partial occlusion of human bodies still remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we address the challenging joints in human bodies by the hard joints mining technique. The proposed hard joints mining method is based on the generative adversarial network, which consists of two stacked hourglasses with a similar architecture: the generator and the discriminator. During the training period, the discriminator distinguishes the generated heatmaps from the ground-truth heatmaps and introduces the adversarial loss to the generator through back-propagation to induce generator generates a more reasonable prediction. Moreover, the hard joints mining technique is used to focus the training attention on the difficult joint points in the generator. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for human pose estimation on Leeds Sports Pose (LSP) Dataset, LSP-extended datasets and MPII Human Pose Datasets.
Nonlinear two-layer model for photocarrier radiometry of ion-implanted silicon wafers
Authors: Lei Xiaoke , Li Bincheng , Sun Qiming , Wang Jing , Gao Chunming
Published: March 2019

A nonlinear two-layer model was developed to describe and analyze Photocarrier Radiometric (PCR) signals of ion-implanted Si wafers which are intrinsically nonlinear with excitation laser power. The thickness of the implantation layer and the optical/electronic damage threshold for different implantation doses were estimated using the Monte Carlo method and the effective medium approximation theory, respectively, which can provide key parameter values for the model to calculate the nonlinearity coefficient, defined as the slope of PCR amplitude versus excitation power in log-log scale. Experimentally, the nonlinearity coefficients of seven c-Si wafers with implantation doses from 1011 to 1016 cm-2 were measured at two different excitation wavelengths (830 and 405 nm), and good agreement between theory and experiment was found. Results show that the nonlinearity coefficient has a negative correlation with the implantation dose, and the coefficient measured at 405 nm is consistently smaller than that measured at 830 nm for each sample. Compared with the conventional PCR models, the nonlinear two-layer model proposed here is more coincident with experimental facts, thus enabling PCR to provide more accurate quantitative characterization of the carrier recombination and transport properties of ion-implanted semiconductor wafers.
Anti-methanogenic advantage of biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus) over subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) from in vitro fermentation is maintained across growth stages and cutting treatments
Authors: Banik Bidhyut Kumar , Durmic Zoey , Erskine William , Revell Clinton
Published: March 2019

The annual forage legume biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.) offers a promising opportunity as a low-methanogenic, bioactive pasture for southern Australian grazing systems where subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) is the dominant annual pasture legume. This in vitro study to assess methanogenic potential examined how growth stage and cutting of biserrula affect biomass, nutritive value and fermentative parameters including methanogenic potential compared with subterranean clover. Both species were grown in a glasshouse, where three growth-stage treatments comprised plant collection at vegetative, reproductive or maturity growth stages. Three cutting (simulated grazing) treatments included cutting at the vegetative or reproductive stage and an uncut control, with herbage collection at maturity. Methane production in biserrula was unaffected by the stage of growth. Other nutritive value and fermentative parameters varied significantly with growth stage, the highest fibre content and lowest crude protein (CP) being found at maturity. Regrowth from herbage cut at the reproductive stage had higher CP and lower biomass than other cut treatments. In biserrula, this regrowth also showed the highest fermentability of the three cutting treatments including elevated methane yield. Notwithstanding these treatment effects on fermentability, biserrula maintained its strong anti-methanogenic advantage over subterranean clover across all treatments, confirming its potential as an anti-methanogenic bioactive pasture.
What Arouses Evangelicals? Cultural Schemas, Interpretive Prisms, and Evangelicals’ Divergent Collective Responses to Pornography and Masturbation
Authors: Perry Samuel L
Published: March 2019

This study elucidates the puzzle of evangelical grievance selection by comparing evangelicals’ divergent collective responses to pornography use and solo-masturbation. Drawing on eighty in-depth interviews and content analyses of fifty-five evangelical monographs, I show how internal and external influences shape evangelicals’ evaluations of and responses to the two issues. Internally, evangelical cultural schemas of biblicism and pietistic idealism necessitate that grievances be connected directly to the Bible and believers’ “hearts.” Pornography is more aptly linked to explicit biblical proscriptions against heart-lust and consequently perceived collectively as a moral threat, compared with masturbation, which is neither directly addressed in the Bible nor unambiguously connected to lust. Externally, the growing influence of psychology within evangelicalism heightened concern about pornography’s harms while debunking myths associating masturbation with mental illness. These cultural influences provide “interpretive prisms” through which evangelicals differentially perceive the two issues, resulting in fervent anti-pornography activism and relative ambivalence toward masturbation.
Surgical Trapping With Revascularization of Concomitant Cervical and Petrous Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , Gozal Yair M , Taussky Philipp , Couldwell William T
Published: March 2019

Petrous internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms are rare, complicated lesions to treat. The management paradigms include observation, endovascular exclusion, or surgical trapping with or without revascularization. The case described in this video involved a 67-yr-old woman with a known history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, who presented after a mechanical ground-level fall. Clinically, she had a nasal deformity and resolving epistaxis consistent with mild facial trauma. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a comminuted nasal bone fracture and an incidental 3-cm right petrous ICA aneurysm. Subsequent vascular imaging demonstrated a concurrent 1.5-cm right cervical ICA dissecting pseudoaneurysm. Flow diversion with a Pipeline stent (Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) was unsuccessful because the aneurysm's size precluded microcatheter selection of the ICA distal to the lesion. When the patient did not tolerate balloon test occlusion of the ICA, we proceeded with surgical trapping of both aneurysms and high-flow extracranial-to-intracranial bypass. The patient underwent a right frontotemporal craniotomy and an external carotid artery–to–frontal M2 middle cerebral artery bypass with a radial artery graft. Following a clinoidectomy, an aneurysm clip was applied to the paraclinoid ICA, and the cervical ICA was ligated just distal to the bifurcation, effectively trapping both aneurysms. The patient tolerated the procedure well. Postoperatively, she experienced symptomatic hypotension requiring vasopressor therapy and a transient partial oculomotor palsy that resolved during her hospital course. She was discharged home without neurological sequelae. Postoperative CT angiography demonstrated complete exclusion of the ICA aneurysms and a patent radial bypass graft after surgery and at 6-month follow-up. The patient provided consent for publication.
The How and What of Object Knowledge in the Human Brain
Authors: Garcea Frank E. , Mahon Bradford Z.
Published: March 2019

Humans recognize, grasp, and manipulate objects on a daily basis. Critical to those behaviors is the ability to integrate information about visual structure, object function, and object-associated manipulation. This chapter reviews several lines of evidence that have documented a dissociation between representations of object function and representations of object manipulation. Drawing on a prior suggestion by Rothi, Heilman, and colleagues, the authors argue that this distinction runs parallel to a distinction made in the context of language processing, between abstract semantic representations of words and modality-specific representations of word forms. The studies that are reviewed in the chapter use a range of methods, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and cognitive neuropsychological investigations of patients with brain injuries. The chapter also reviews studies on the functional and structural connectivity between temporal and parietal areas that are implicated in processing function and manipulation knowledge, respectively. It concludes by outlining key issues that lie ahead, emphasizing the role that connectivity-based measures will likely play in developing an explicit model of how the brain deploys the right actions to the right objects. The authors suggest that there are further lessons to be learned from models of lexical access in developing a computationally explicit model of object-directed action.
Newton and Action at a Distance
Authors: Henry John
Published: March 2019

This chapter analyzes the historical evidence showing how and why Newton came to accept the possibility of action at a distance, and to a large extent based his physics on attractive and repulsive atomic forces capable of acting at a distance between atoms. Precedents to Newton’s work are examined, including notions of action at a distance proposed by Bacon and Kepler (who associated it chiefly with magnetism). The chapter describes Newton’s discussions of gravity, rarefacation, and aether. Newton was cautious about introducing the concept and considered the reception it would get. Additionally,the chapter responds to the major arguments used to counter suggestions that he accepted action at a distance.
Shareholder Wealth Consequences of Insider Pledging of Company Stock as Collateral for Personal Loans
Authors: Dou Ying , Masulis Ronald W , Zein Jason
Published: March 2019

We study a widespread yet under-explored corporate governance phenomenon: the pledging of company stock by insiders as collateral for personal bank loans. Utilizing a regulatory change that exogenously decreases pledging, we document a negative causal impact of pledging on shareholder wealth. We study two channels that could explain this effect. First, we find that margin calls triggered by severe price falls exacerbate the crash risk of pledging firms. Second, since margin calls may cause insiders to suffer personal liquidity shocks or to forgo private benefits of control, we hypothesize and find that pledging is associated with reduced firm risk-taking.

Received March 2, 2017; editorial decision January 24, 2019 by Editor David Denis. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Computational comparison of developmental cell lineage trees by alignments
Authors: Yuan Meng , Yang Xujiang , Lin Jinghua , Cao Xiaolong , Chen Feng , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Zizhang , Zheng Guifeng , Wang Xueqin , Chen Xiaoshu , Yang Jian-Rong
Published: March 2019

The developmental cell lineage tree, which records every cell division event and the terminal developmental state of each single cell, is one of the most important traits of multicellular organisms, as well as key to many significant unresolved questions in biology. Recent technological breakthroughs are paving the way for direct determination of cell lineage trees, yet a general framework for the computational analysis of lineage trees, in particular an algorithm to compare two lineage trees, is still lacking. Based on previous findings that the same developmental program can be invoked by different cells on the lineage tree to produce highly similar subtrees, we designedDevelopmental CellLineageTreeAlignment (DELTA), an algorithm that exhaustively searches for lineage trees with phenotypic resemblance in lineal organization of terminal cells, meanwhile resolving detailed correspondence between individual cells. Using simulated and nematode lineage trees, we demonstrated DELTA’s capability of revealing similarities of developmental programs by lineal resemblances. Moreover, DELTA successfully identifies gene deletion-triggered homeotic cell fate transformations, reveals functional relationship between mutants by quantifying their lineal similarities, and finds the evolutionary correspondence between cell types defined non-uniformly for different species. DELTA establishes novel foundation for comparative study of lineage trees, much like sequence alignment algorithm for biological sequences, and along with the increase of lineage tree data, will likely bring unique insights for the myriads of important questions surrounding cell lineage trees.
Electromagnetic field analysis and cooling system design for high power switched reluctance motor
Authors: Yan Wei-Mon , Teng Hsu-Yang , Li Chun-Han , Ghalambaz Mohammad
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The electromagnetic field and cooling system of a high power switched reluctance motor (SRM) are studied numerically. The geometry of the motor and its main components are established using a computer-aided design software in the actual size. This study aims to evaluate the resulting thermal losses using the electromagnetic analysis of the motor.

Design/methodology/approach

In the electromagnetic analysis, the Joule’s loss in the copper wires of the coil windings and the iron losses (the eddy currents loss and the hysteresis loss) are considered. The flow and heat transfer model for the thermal analysis of the motor including the conduction in solid parts and convection in the fluid part is introduced. The magnetic losses are imported into the thermal analysis model in the form of internal heat generation in motor components. Several cooling system approaches were introduced, such as natural convection cooling, natural convection cooling with various types of fins over the motor casing, forced conviction air-cooled cooling system using a mounted fan, casing surface with and without heat sinks, liquid-cooled cooling system using the water in a channel shell and a hybrid air-cooled and liquid-cooled cooling system.

Findings

The results of the electromagnetics analysis show that the low rotational speed of the motor induces higher currents in coil windings, which in turn, it causes higher copper losses in SRM coil windings. For higher rotational speed of SRM, the core loss is higher than the copper loss is in SRM due to the higher frequency. An air-cooled cooling system is used for cooling of SRM. The results reveal when the rotational speed is at 4,000 rpm, the coil loss would be at the maximum value. Therefore, the coil temperature is about 197.9°C, which is higher than the tolerated standard temperature insulation material. Hence, the air-cooled system cannot reduce the temperature to the safe temperature limitation of the motor and guarantee the safe operation of SRM. Thus, a hybrid system of both air-cooled and liquid-cooled cooling system with mounting fins at the outer surface of the casing is proposed. The hybrid system with the liquid flow of Re = 1,500 provides a cooling power capable of safe operation of the motor at 117.2°C, which is adequate for standard insulation material grade E.

Originality/value

The electromagnetic field and cooling system of a high power SRM in the presence of a mounted fan at the rear of the motor are analyzed. The thermal analysis is performed for both of the air-cooled and liquid-cooled cooling systems to meet the cooling demands of the motor for the first time.
Long horizon institutional investors and the relation between missing quarterly analyst forecasts and CEO turnover
Authors: Wang Juan
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of long horizon institutional ownership on CEO career concerns to meet the short-term earnings benchmark.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of 10,565 firm-year observations in the USA, the paper examines the extent to which long horizon institutional investors mitigate the positive relation between CEO turnover and missing the quarterly consensus analyst forecast.

Findings

After controlling for the general performance-turnover relation, this paper finds that long horizon institutional investors mitigate the positive relation between CEO turnover and missing the quarterly consensus analyst forecast. This finding is stronger when CEOs focus on long-term value creation and do not sacrifice long-term value to boost current earnings and is stronger when the monitoring intensity by long horizon institutional investors is greater.

Research limitations/implications

The results suggest that long horizon institutional investors serve a monitoring role in alleviating CEO career concerns to meet the short-term earnings benchmark.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the literature on the relation between long horizon institutional ownership and attenuated managerial short-termism. The literature is silent about why long horizon institutional investors alleviate managerial short-termism. This paper fills this void in the literature by documenting that long horizon institutional investors mitigate CEO career concerns for managerial short-termism. Moreover, this paper contributes to the literature on the monitoring role of institutional investors by documenting the incremental effect of institutional ownership on CEO career concerns to meet the short-term earnings benchmark.
How do female entrepreneurs in developing countries cope with role conflict?
Authors: Hundera Mulu , Duysters Geert , Naudé Wim , Dijkhuizen Josette
Published: March 2019

Purpose

Female entrepreneurs often face significant conflicts in allocating time and resources to the various roles demanded of them by their communities. This has been identified as a potential obstacle to their performance as entrepreneurs. This paper aims to examine the question: How do women cope with role conflict?

Design/methodology/approach

The authors tackled the question by conducting a survey that involved 307 female business owners in Ethiopia. The survey result was supported by 20 in-depth interviews.

Findings

The commonest coping strategies identified were negotiation, committing to the entrepreneurial role, committing to social roles, pleasing all, seeking social support and hiring outside support. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed that these coping strategies differed across the various stages of business growth. Meanwhile, structural equation modeling established that female business owners with high levels of personal resources (such as optimism, self-efficacy and resilience) committed more to their entrepreneurial roles than to their social roles.

Originality/value

This research contributes knowledge on coping strategies among female entrepreneurs in sub-Saharan Africa, where family structure and orientation, the economy and social development differ from those in developed countries. The research also integrates the lines of empirical research on coping strategies with the process-based view of entrepreneurship.
A quasi-experimental method for testing rural design support within a DRM framework
Authors: Smits Michaël Willem Maria
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the quasi-experiment setting to test the formulated design support (developed in the author’s PhD research) within a design research methodology (DRM) framework. This support intends to help designers to consciously engage rural families within a development aid scenario and increase their self-reliance towards their built environment (housing).

Design/methodology/approach

This paper elaborates on the setting in which the design support was tested within a quasi-experiment. The literature section describes the challenges in design research and why the DRM is suitable for this type of empirical research.

Findings

Findings of the paper include a workable setting to organise and evaluate the impact of a design support within a DRM framework on a vulnerable rural community.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation of the research lies in the study population. Due to financial and time constraints, only four teams could participate in the experiment conducted in rural Kenya.

Social implications

Further research will need to prove that the support works in comparable situations on the African continent.

Originality/value

The quasi-experiment setting within a DRM framework could benefit researchers in comparable empirical investigations.
Strategic Spending: Does Politics Influence Election Administration Expenditure?
Authors: Mohr Zachary , Pope JoEllen V. , Kropf Martha E. , Shepherd Mary Jo
Published: March 2019

Recently, election administration has been an important part of the national and global conversation about the results of elections. The important issue of election administration spending has not been examined extensively, and the influence of politics on election administration spending levels has not been examined in the United States. While theories of voter turnout and policy preference suggest that politics should influence election administration spending levels in the counties that administer elections, to our knowledge, there has been no evidence produced to support a partisan election administration expenditure effect. This research finds that Republican county commissions in North Carolina spend significantly less on election administration once the county electorate is a sufficient Republican majority. The article presents a novel model and method for estimating election administration spending and calls for additional research to examine the outcomes of these significant differences in spending on election administration.
Are papillary clusters devoid of a fibro‐vascular core significant in urine cytology?
Authors: Kannan Narasimhapriyan , SreeRekha Jinkala , Gochhait Debasis , KS Sreerag , Siddaraju Neelaiah
Published: March 2019

Urine cytology is a very sensitive method to pick up usual high‐grade urothelial carcinoma but with a little caution, one can diagnose the rare aggressive subtypes of bladder carcinoma‐like micropapillary carcinoma. Micropapillary carcinoma may mimic the low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma and hence attention has to be paid to the nuclear features and background single cells for accurate diagnosis.
Effects of Dementia Care Mapping on well‐being and quality of life of older people with intellectual disability: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Schaap Feija D. , Dijkstra Geke J. , Stewart Roy E. , Finnema Evelyn J. , Reijneveld Sijmen A.
Published: March 2019

Background

The ageing of people with intellectual disability, accompanied with consequences like dementia, challenges intellectual disability‐care staff and creates a need for supporting methods, with Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) as a promising possibility. This study examined the effect of DCM on the quality of life of older people with intellectual disability.

Methods

We performed a quasi‐experimental study in 23 group homes for older people with intellectual disability in the Netherlands, comparing DCM (n = 113) with care‐as‐usual (CAU; n = 111). Using three measures, we assessed the staff‐reported quality of life of older people with intellectual disability.

Results

DCM achieved no significantly better or worse quality of life than CAU. Effect sizes varied from 0.01 to −0.22. Adjustments for covariates and restriction of analyses to people with dementia yielded similar results.

Conclusion

The finding that DCM does not increase quality of life of older people with intellectual disability contradicts previous findings and deserves further study.