bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga dan Sanksinya dalam Hukum Islam
Authors: Kadarisman Ali
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang bentuk-bentuk kekerasan dalam rumah tangga dan sanksi terhadap pelaku kekerasan dalam rumah tangga baik yang dilakukan suami maupun istri. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif, yaitu dengan menelusuri ketentuan-ketentuan hukum baik yang ada dalam al-Quran, hadits, maupun pendapat para fuqaha’. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: pertama, setiap perbuatan yang menyebabkan terkuranginya atau hilangnya hak dari masing-masing suami atau istri adalah termasuk kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) baik dalam bentuk kekerasan seksual, fisik, psikis, dan finansial. Kedua, Terhadap KDRT yang dilakukan oleh masing-masing suami atau istri hukum Islam memberikan sanksi (‘uqubah) berupa hukuman di akhirat (dosa), kaffarat atau ta’zir.This research is aimed to provide an overview regarding the forms of domestic violence and sanctions against perpetrators of domestic violence both by husbands and wives. This research is normative research by tracing the legal provisions both in the Koran, hadith, and the opinions of the jurists. The results of this study are: first, every action that causes or diminishes the rights of each husband or wife includes domestic violence in the form of sexual, physical, psychological and financial violence. Second, Islamic law gives sanctions (‘uqubah) for any domestic violence committed by each husband or wife in the form of punishment in the hereafter (sin), kaffarat or ta'zir.
Mindfulness-Based Strategies: A Cost-Effective Stress Reduction Method for Parents in the NICU
Authors: Joseph Rachel , Wellings Amelia , Votta Grace
Published: May 2019

Stress in parents who have an infant in the NICU is well documented in literature. Prematurity and related comorbid conditions, high-tech NICU environments, presence of multidisciplinary health care professionals, altered parenting roles, and concerns of health outcomes in the infant are common stress factors. Further, inadequate management of stress can result in poor parent–infant bonding, poor infant outcome, and postpartum depression in parents. Effective stress management strategies may help parents adapt to their parental role thereby improving infant outcomes. Research has shown mindfulness-based strategies help reduce stress in the general population. Can this strategy be applied in the context of parents of infants in the NICU? Literature is scant on the impact of mindfulness-based strategies on parents of infants in the NICU and on the infant's health outcomes. This article explores the application of mindfulness-based strategies to reduce stress in parents of infants in the NICU.
Effects of dietary Bacillus NP5 and sweet potato extract on growth and digestive enzyme activity of dumbo catfish Clarias sp.
Authors: Putra Achmad Noerkhaerin , Romdhonah Yayu
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic (Bacillus NP5), prebiotic (extracted from Ipomoea batatas var. sukuh,), and synbiotic on growth and digestive enzyme activity of dumbo catfish (Clarias sp.). Four treatments with 3 replications were used in the experiment, i.e; control, probiotic (1% Bacillus NP5 in feed), prebiotic (2% sweet potato extract in feed), and synbiotic (1% probiotic and 2% prebiotic in feed). After 45 days of rearing, catfish that were given probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic showed significantly (P<0.05) higher growth than that of the control. The average results on digestive enzyme activities in probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic treatments were significantly different (P<0.05) from that of the control. The addition of synbiotic to diets showed the best result on final weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein retention, protein efficiency ratio, and protease activities among other treatments. Keywords: catfish, growth, probiotic, prebiotic, symbiotic  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh dari probiotik (Bacillus NP5), prebiotik (ekstrak ubi jalar varietas sukuh), dan sinbiotik terhadap pertumbuhan dan aktivitas enzim perncernaan ikan lele dumbo (Clarias sp.). Penelitian terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan, yakni: probiotik (Bacillus NP5 sebanyak 1% dalam pakan), prebiotik (ekstrak ubi jalar sebanyak 2% dalam pakan), dan sinbiotik (Bacillus NP5 1% + ekstrak ubi jalar sebanyak 2% dalam pakan). Setelah pemeliharaan selama 45 hari, ikan lele pada perlakuan dengan suplementasi probiotik, prebiotik, dan sinbiotik dalam pakan secara signifikan (P<0,05) menghasilkan pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Nilai aktivitas enzim pencernaan pada perlakuan probiotik, prebiotik, dan sinbiotik secara signifikan berbeda (P<0,05) dari kontrol. Penambahan sinbiotik pada pakan memberikan hasil terbaik pada parameter bobot akhir, laju pertumbuhan harian, FCR, retensi protein, rasio efisiensi protein, dan aktivitas enzim protease dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Kata kunci: ikan lele, pertumbuhan, probiotik, prebiotik, sinbiotik.
Analyse zootechnique et économique des systèmes d’élevage de porcs en Casamance (Sénégal)
Authors: Ossebi Walter , Ayssiwede Simplice Bosco , Nimbona Félix , Malou Richard , Djettin Augustin Eric , Diop Mariame , Missohou Ayao
Published: May 2019

Afin de mieux cerner les caractéristiques zootechniques et économiques de l’élevage de porc, une étude diagnostique a été conduite de mars à juin 2016 auprès de 324 élevages porcins, sous forme d’enquêtes transversales et rétrospectives dans les trois régions de la Casamance au Sud Sénégal. Les résultats ont montré que l’élevage porcin était pratiqué à la fois par des hommes et des femmes mariés et instruits. Ils étaient majoritairement des ethnies Diola, Mancagne et Balante et associaient l’élevage à l’agriculture, à l’activité privée ou au commerce. Ils évoluaient dans trois systèmes d’élevage différents (traditionnel, semi-intensif ou intensif), avec une nette prédominance du système traditionnel (85,5 % des élevages). Ce dernier était caractérisé par des porcheries traditionnelles améliorées (51,1 %) ou des abris de fortune (28,4 %), où étaient surtout élevés les porcs de race locale (90,4 % des exploitations). La taille moyenne du cheptel était de 19,2 ± 20,1 porcs. Dans 97 % des cas les éleveurs nourrissaient les animaux à partir de déchets de cuisine et de sous-produits agricoles et agro-industriels. L’âge moyen de mise à la reproduction était de 7,6 ± 1,8 mois et la taille moyenne de la portée était de 7,4 ± 2,2 porcelets. Ce sous-secteur d’élevage a un réel potentiel de réduction de la pauvreté car il génère selon les systèmes des revenus nets de 5435 à 7566 FCFA par porc engraissé par an. Néanmoins, le manque de formation des éleveurs, les habitats porcins inadaptés, les contraintes alimentaires et sanitaires restent les principaux facteurs handicapant l’essor de l’élevage porcin dans cette région. Il serait utile de trouver des voies alternatives d’amélioration des conditions d’habitat, d’alimentation et de suivi sanitaire des porcs, accompagnées d’une meilleure organisation et d’un renforcement de capacité des producteurs et des autres acteurs de la filière porcine.
López Aniorte M.C. y Rubio Fernández, E. (Dir.); Ortiz González-Conde, F.M. y Rodríguez Egío, M.M. (Coord.). Visiones multidisciplinares de la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres
Authors: Ortiz González-Conde Francisco Miguel
Published: May 2019

Este artículo reseña:  LÓPEZ ANIORTE M.C. y RUBIO FERNÁNDEZ, E. (Dir.); ORTIZ GONZÁLEZ-CONDE, F.M. y RODRÍGUEZ EGÍO, M.M. (Coord.), Visiones multidisciplinares de la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres, Murcia, Ed. Laborum, 2019, págs. 530.
Acto Institucional 8 de marzo. Igualdad de las mujeres
Authors: Martínez González Bárbara
Published: May 2019

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Cryptic Risks to Forest Biosecurity Associated with the Global Movement of Commercial Seed
Authors: Cleary Michelle , Oskay Funda , Doğmuş Hatice Tugba , Lehtijärvi Asko , Woodward Stephen , Vettraino Anna Maria
Published: May 2019

The import and export of tree seed carries with it risks of inadvertent introduction of pests and pathogens to hitherto unaffected regions. Although trade in seed of specified trees is regulated, phytosanitary requirements for most tree species are minimal, even those related to the most important forest tree species in a given region. A better understanding of the microbiome associated with seed intended for commercial production or ornamental use, and their potential risk with the transport from the source origin of distributors, will help regulatory agencies implement measures to prevent new and emerging risks. In this study we used high throughput sequencing to show that highly diverse fungal communities were associated with seed of 14 different Pinus species obtained from seed banks (seed orchards) and retail sources (online distributors) in North America and Europe. Fungal diversity differed among the 23 seedlots tested. Community composition did not relate to the species of Pinus nor the country of origin. Assigned potential functions based on sequence identity using FUNGuild provided an overall understanding of the likely life strategies associated fungal OTUs. Of those sequences classified to a trophic level, 453 were plant pathogens, with the Dothideomycetes having the highest prevalence. The most common plant pathogens detected included Sydowia polyspora, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Diplodia intermedia and Diplodia sapinea. The evidence presented here illustrates an urgent need for plant protection authorities, practitioners and the general public to recognize the potential risk of introducing harmful pathogens through innocent transport of seed.
How the Human Mind Affects Its Related Brain? A Mechanism for this Influence, Using an Extended Bohmian QM in Avicenna’s Monotheistic Perspective
Authors: Jamali Mohammad , Golshani Mehdi , Jamali Yousef
Published: May 2019

In quantum approaches to consciousness, the authors try to propose a model and mechanism for the mind-brain interaction using modern physics and some quantum concepts which do not exist in the classical physics. The independent effect of mind on the brain has been one of the challenging issues in the history of science and philosophy. In some recent mind-brain interaction models, the direct influence of mind on matter is either not accepted (as in Stapp’s model) or not clear, and there have not been any clear mechanism for it (as in Penrose-Hameroff’s model or in Eccles’s model). In this manuscript we propose a model and mechanism for mind’s effect on the matter using an extended Bohmian quantum mechanics and Avicenna’s ideas. We show that mind and mental states can affect brain’s activity without any violation of physical laws. This is a mathematical and descriptive model which shows the possibility of providing a causal model for mind’s effect on matter. It is shown that this model guarantees the realistic philosophical constraints and respects the laws of nature. In addition, it is shown that it is in agreement with the Libet style experimental results and parapsychological data. To propose this model, we obtained a modified (non-unitary) Schrödinger equation via second quantization method which affects the particle through a modified quantum potential and a new term in the continuity equation. At the second quantized level, which is equivalent to quantum field theory level (QFT), we can use the path integral formalism of Feynman. We show that there are three methods to extend Bohmian QM via path integral formalism, which has different interpretations. By numerical simulation of trajectories in the two-slits experiment, we show their differences and choose one of these methods for our mind-brain model which can be the basis for explaining some phenomena which are not possible to explain in the standard Bohmian QM.
Attitudes, Perceptions and Geo-Spatial Analysis of Water Quality and Individual Health Status in a High-Fracking Region
Authors: Stigler Granados Paula , Hildenbrand Zacariah L. , Mata Claudia , Habib Sabrina , Martin Misty , Carlton Jr. Doug , Santos Inês C. , Schug Kevin A. , Fulton Lawrence
Published: May 2019

The expansion of unconventional oil and gas development (UD) across the US continues to be at the center of debates regarding safety to health and the environment. This study evaluated the water quality of private water wells in the Eagle Ford Shale within the context of community members perception. Community members (n=75) were surveyed regarding health status and perceptions of drinking water quality. Water samples (n=19) were collected from private wells and tested for a variety of water quality parameters. Of the private wells sampled, 8 had exceedences of MCLs for drinking water standards. Geospatial analysis showed the majority of well owners who did have exceedances self-reported their health status as poor. Surveys showed that the majority of respondents received their water from a municipal source and were significantly more distrustful of their water source than of those on private wells. The data also showed a high number of people self-reporting health problems without a healthcare provider’s diagnosis. Attitudes and perceptions of water quality play an important role in the overall perceived health status of community members in high fracking regions, stressing the importance of transparency and communication by the UD industry.
A Strain of Bacillus thuringiensis Containing a Novel cry7Aa2 Gene That Is Highly Toxic to Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Dominguez- Mikel , Villanueva Maite , Fernandez Ana Beatriz , Caballero Primitivo
Published: May 2019

The genome of the Bacillus thuringiensis BM311.1 strain was sequenced and assembled in 359 contigs containing a total of 6,390,221 bp. The plasmidic ORF of a putative cry gene from this strain was identified as a potential novel Cry protein of 1138 amino acid residues with a 98% identity respect to Cry7Aa1 protein and a predicted molecular mass of 129.4 kDa. The primary structure of this Cry7Aa2 protein, which revealed the presence of eight conserved blocks and the classical structure of three domains, differed in 28 amino acid residues from that of Cry7Aa1. The cry7Aa2 gene was amplified by PCR and then expressed in the acrystalliferous strain BMB171. SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed the predicted molecular mass for the Cry7Aa2 protein and revealed that, after in vitro trypsin incubation, it was degraded to a toxin of 62 kDa. However, when treated with digestive fluids from Leptinotarsa decemlineata larvae two proteinase-resistant fragments of 60 and 65 kDa were produced. Spore and crystal mixture produced by the wild-type BM311.1 strain against L. decemlineata neonate larvae resulted in a LC50 (18.8 μg/ml), which was statistically equal to the estimated LC50 (20.8 μg/mL) for the recombinant BMB17-Cry7Aa2 strain. In addition, when this novel toxin was activated in vitro with commercial trypsin, the LC50 value was reduced 4 times approximately (LC50 = 4.9 μg/mL). The advantages of Cry7Aa2 protoxin compared to Cry7Aa1 protoxin when used in the control of insect pests are discussed.
Communication Barriers Caused by Cultural Differences in Interpreting and Coping Strategies
Authors: Xu Xinyi , Tian Chuanmao
Published: May 2019

The paper is made up of five parts. The introduction part describes the background and fundamental structure of the paper. The second part is a review of the literature, which summarizes the views of previous studies and then adds some of our own viewpoints at the same time. The body part can be divided into two sections: analysis on the causes and forms of communicative obstacles; analysis on coping strategies of communicative disorders. The analysis of causes includes specific causes and specific problems. The coping strategies include how to make flexible use of interpreting strategies, how to make effective use of interpreting methods and how to enhance interpreters' awareness and competence of intercultural communication. The last part is the conclusion. Besides drawing on the views of previous studies, we also put forward our own points of view: one is putting the knowledge into practice can enhance the professionalism and ability of interpreters, the other is that domestication and foreignization are translation strategies, while literal and free interpretation are concrete methods of translation.
Sikap Konsumen Terhadap Harga Referensi Komoditas Hortikultura Strategis : Studi Kasus Kecamatan Cengkareng, Jakarta Barat (Consumer’s Attitude Towards the Reference Price of Strategic Horticulture Commodity : Case of Study in Cengkareng, West Jakarta)
Authors: Kiloes Adhitya Marendra , Puspitasari NFN
Published: May 2019

Solusi jangka pendek untuk menstabilkan harga bawang merah dan cabai adalah dengan melakukan impor produk-produk hortikultura tersebut dari negara lain saat harga melonjak naik. Kuota impor baru akan dibuka apabila harga bawang merah dan cabai di pasar eceran melebihi harga referensi yang telah ditetapkan. Penelitian  bertujuan menganalisis sikap dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi sikap konsumen terhadap harga referensi yang ditetapkan pemerintah pada komoditas bawang merah dan cabai sebagai masukan untuk penentuan harga referensi. Penelitian  dilakukan pada Bulan Desember 2015 di Kecamatan Cengkareng, Jakarta Barat dengan metode survey menggunakan kuesioner. Data yang diambil dalam penelitian ini berupa karakteristik responden dan sikap konsumen apakah bersedia membayar lebih tinggi dari harga referensi yang ditetapkan atau tidak. Dari survey yang dilakukan ditemukan bahwa sebagian besar konsumen menunjukkan sikap bersedia membayar lebih tinggi dari harga referensi yang ditetapkan. Rata-rata harga tertinggi yang bersedia dibayarkan oleh konsumen adalah sebesar Rp38.272,00/kg untuk komoditas bawang merah, Rp 41.800,00/kg untuk komoditas cabai merah atau cabai merah keriting dan Rp42.221,00/kg untuk komoditas cabai rawit merah. Studi ini merekomendasikan kemungkinan penetapan ulang harga referensi bawang merah dan cabai dengan tingkat harga yang lebih tinggi dibanding yang telah ditetapkan. 

Keywords

Bawang merah; Cabai; Sikap konsumen; Harga referensi  

Abstract

A short solution to stabilize shallot and chili price is frequently carried out by importing those commodity from other countries when the price are high. Import quota is opened when shallot and chili price in retail market above the reference price. No revision has been done yet since shallot and chili’s reference price were announced in 2013. The objective of this research is to analyze consumer’s attitude and factors affecting consumer’s attitude regarding the 2013 reference price, whether they are willing to pay higher or not.  This research was conducted in December 2015 in Cengkareng Subdistrict, West Jakarta. Survey method was used for collecting data through the use of structured questionnaire. Most important information gathered were the characteristics of consumer respondents and their attitude towards shallot and chili’s reference prices. Results suggest that most respondents are willing to pay higher than the reference prices. In average they are willing to pay as much as IDR 38,272,00/kg for shallot, IDR 41,800,00/kg for chilli pepper, and IDR 42,221,00/kg for cayenne chili pepper. This study recommends the possibility of redetermining the shallot and chili’s reference prices by the price level that is higher than previously set. 
Analisis Isozim dan Patogenisitas Isolat Cladosporium spp. Terhadap Karat Putih Pada Krisan (Isozyme Analysis and Pathogenicity of Cladosporium spp. Isolate Against White Rust on Chrysanthemum)
Authors: Yusuf Evi Silvia , Djatnika I
Published: May 2019

Cladosporium spp. merupakan mikoparasit potensial untuk mengendalikan beberapa jenis cendawan karat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui patogenisitas 10 isolat Cladosporium spp. yang ditemukan di daerah sentra krisan (Kabupaten Cianjur dan Bandung Barat) terhadap penyakit karat putih pada krisan dan hubungan kekerabatannya antara isolat Cladosporium spp. Percobaan dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Agustus 2014 di Laboratorium Mikologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias (Balithi) dan Laboratorium Patologi dan Silvikultur, Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Pada percobaan ini dilakukan uji patogenisitas 10 isolat Cladosporium spp. asal Kabupaten Cianjur dan Bandung Barat terhadap pustul karat pada daun krisan di laboratorium. Untuk menelusuri hubungan genetik antarisolat dilakukan analisis isozim secara elektroforesis dengan menggunakan enzim esterase (EST), acid phospatase (ACP), dan peroksidase (PER). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan sembilan isolat Cladosporoium spp. efektif memparasit pustul karat dengan efektivitas lebih dari 50%. Hasil analisis isozim menunjukkan terdapat dua kelompok Cladosporium spp. yang memiliki koefisien kemiripan 67%.

Keywords

Cladosporium spp.; Isozim; Mikoparasit; Patogenisitas

Abstract
Cladosporium spp. is a potential mycoparasite for controlling some rust fungi. The aim of the research was to obtain the effectiveness of 10 Cladosporium spp. isolates was found in chrysanthemum central area (Cianjur and West Bandung District) and genetic relationship among the isolats. The research carried on April to Agustus 2014  in Micology Laboratory Indonesian Ornamental Crop Institute and Pathology and Silviculture Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University. Pathogenicity of the 10 fungus isolate was tested against rust pustules on chrysanthemum leaves and genetic relationship between isolates was analyzed by electrophoresis isozyme using EST, ACP, and PER enzyme. The results showed that nine of Cladosporoium spp. isolates were effective parasited rust pustule with more than 50% effectiveness. The cluster analysis based on isozyme analysis showed that Cladosporium spp. isolate have two  distinc groups with 67% similarity coefficient.
Uji Potensi Beberapa Varietas Bawang Merah untuk Menghasilkan Biji Botani di Dataran Tinggi Sulawesi Selatan (Test Potential for Some Variety to Produce True Shallot Seed in Highland South Sulawesi)
Authors: Nurjanani NFN , Djufry Fadjry
Published: May 2019

Budidaya bawang merah di Sulawesi Selatan selama ini masih menggunakan umbi lokal sebagai benih. Penggunaan umbi secara terus menerus sebagai benih dapat menyebabkan penurunan produksi. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, yaitu dengan menggunakan biji botani (true shallot seed/TSS). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan varietas bawang merah yang mampu menghasilkan biji botani (TSS) di atas 1 g per rumpun. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Loka, Kecamatan Rumbia, Kabupaten Jeneponto mulai bulan Maret hingga September 2015. Penelitian disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok dengan empat perlakuan varietas dan diulang tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas yang menghasilkan biji terbanyak adalah Trisula dan Pancasona masing-masing dengan bobot 4,90 g dan 4,18 g per rumpun, dengan persentase tanaman berbunga masing-masing 93% dan 90%. Berbeda dengan varietas Maja Cipanas dan Mentes yang menghasilkan biji masing-masing 1,85 g dan 1,49 g, sedangkan persentase tanaman yang berbunga pada varietas Maja Cipanas hanya 60% dan varietas Mentes 30%. Dua varietas bawang merah, yaitu Trisula dan Pancasona dapat direkomendasikan sebagai penghasil benih TSS bawang merah di dataran tinggi kering Sulawesi Selatan. Analisis R/C ratio usaha tani bawang merah dalam menghasilkan TSS adalah 1,3, yang berarti bahwa produksi benih TSS layak diusahakan.

Keywords

Bawang merah; Biji botani; Varietas

Abstract

Shallot cultivation in South Sulawesi has been using local tubers as seeds. The continuous use of tubers as seed can cause a decrease in production. One effort to overcome this problem is by using botanical seeds (true shallot seed/TSS). The research aims to shallot varieties that are capable of producing botanical seeds (TSS) above 1 g per clump. The research was conducted in Loka Village, Rumbia District, Jeneponto Regency from March to September 2015. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four treatments varieties, and three replications. The results showed that the varieties that produce the most seeds were Trisula and Pancasona weighing 4.90 g and 4.18 g per clump respectively, with the percentage of flowering plants 93% and 90% respectively. In contrast to the Maja Cipanas and Mentes varieties which produced seeds of 1.85 g and 1.49 g respectively, but the percentage of plants flowering in the Maja Cipanas variety only 60% and the Mentes variety was 30%. Two shallot varieties namely Trisula and Pancasona can be recommended as producers of shallot TSS seeds in the dry highlands of South Sulawesi. R/C ratio analysis of shallot farming in producing TSS was 1.3, which means that TSS seed production is worth to effort.
Comparison of Supreme laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal intubation for airway management during general anesthesia for Cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yao Wei Yu , Li Shi Yang , Yuan Yong Jin , Tan Hon Sen , Han Nian-Lin Reena , Sultana Rehena , Assam Pryseley N , Sia Alex Tiong Heng , SNG Ban Leong
Published: May 2019

Background
The obstetric airway is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Endotracheal intubation is considered the standard of care but the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) has gained acceptance as a rescue airway and has been incorporated into the obstetric airway management guidelines. In this randomized controlled equivalence trial, we compared the Supreme LMA (SLMA) with endotracheal intubation (ETT) in managing the obstetric airway during cesarean section.

Methods
Parturients who underwent elective cesarean section under general anesthesia were randomized to receive either an SLMA or ETT as their airway device. Our primary outcome was first-attempt insertion success. Successful insertion was defined as adequate bilateral air entry with auscultation and the presence of end-tidal carbon dioxide on the capnogram. The first-attempt insertion success rate was compared using the Chi-Square test. Secondary outcomes included time-to-ventilation, seal pressure, ventilation/hemodynamic parameters, occurrence of clinical aspiration, foetal outcomes, and maternal side effects associated with the airway device.

Results
We recruited 920 parturients (460 SLMA, 460 ETT) who underwent elective Caesarean section under general anesthesia. Patient characteristics were similar between the groups. First attempt success was similar (Odds Ratio--ORSLMA/ETA: 1.00 (95%CI: 0.25, 4.02), p = 1.0000). SLMA was associated with reduced time to effective ventilation (Mean Difference--MD -22.96; 95%CI: -23.71, -22.21 seconds) compared to ETT group (p<0.0001). Ventilation parameters, maternal and fetal outcomes were similar between the groups, and there was no aspiration.

Conclusions
SLMA could be an alternative airway management technique for a carefully selected low-risk obstetric population, with similar insertion success rates, reduced time to ventilation and less hemodynamic changes compared with ETT. Our findings are consistent with the airway guidelines in recommending the second line use of LMA in the management of obstetric airway.
Thrombocytopenia according to Antiretroviral Drug Combinations, Viremia and CD4 Lymphocytes among HIV-Infected Patients in Cameroon A Snapshot from the City of Yaoundé
Authors: NKA Alex Durand , Sosso Samuel Martin , Fokam Joseph , Yagai Bouba , Teto Georges , Kamgaing Rachel , Tiga Aline , Yimga Junie , Nukenine Elias Nchiwan , Nanfack Aubin Joseph , Takou Désiré , Aroga Zélateur , Colizzi Vittorio , Ndjolo Alexis
Published: May 2019

Background

Thrombocytopenia is an abnormal decrease in blood platelets, which can affect the prognosis of people living with HIV (PLHIV). In order to limit the occurrence of this haematological disorder, we evaluated the frequency of thrombocytopenia according to antiretroviral drug combinations, viremia and the immune status of PLHIV.

Methods

A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted from June-November 2016 among 310 PLHIV at the “Chantal BIYA” International Reference Centre for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon. Thrombocytopenia was assessed by blood count on Mindray BC 3000 plus, then categorized as mild (50,000-149,999 platelets/μL), moderate (20,000-49,999) and severe <20,000; HIV-1 viremia was measured by Abbott m2000RT and CD4 by BD Facs Calibur; treatment history was retrieved from medical records. Data were analysed using Graph Pad Prism.6, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results

Median age was 40 [IQR: 33-49] years with, and 60.9% of participants being female. Up to 79.0% (245) were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART); 54.5% had CD4 counts <500 cells/mm3 and 25.4% had viremia >3log10 RNA/ml. Overall rate of thrombocytopenia was 19.0% (59/310), with 17.4% (54/310) mild, 1.6% (5/310) moderate and 0.0% severe. Following ART-exposure, rate of thrombocytopenia was 64.6% (42/65) versus 6.9% (17/245) in naïve versus treated patients respectively, p<0.0001. Following ART regimens, rate of thrombocytopenia was 64.7% (11/17) versus 35.3% (6/17) among AZT-containing versus AZT-sparing regimens, p=0.02. Following viral load ranges, rate of thrombocytopenia was 15.8% (20/130) in those with undetectable viral load, 11.0% (12/101) with viral loads 1.60-3.0 log10 RNA/ml and 34.1% (27/79) with viral loads >3 log10 RNA/ml (p=0.03; r=-0.12). As concerns CD4-count, rate of thrombocytopenia was 16.2% (42/259) in those with ≥200 CD4/mm3 versus 33.3% (17/51) with <200 CD4/mm3 (p=0.0003; r=0.21). After adjusting for age, sex, ART, viral load and CD4, only ART exposure was significantly associated with decreased risk of thrombopenia (p<0.0001).

Conclusions

Thrombocytopenia occurs generally at mild-level among PLHIV in Cameroon, especially among ART-naïve, AZT-treated, high viremia and severe immune-compromised patients. Interestingly, ART coverage appears as an independent factor in preventing the occurrence of thrombocytopenia, especially for AZT-sparing treatment combinations in countries with similar features like Cameroon.
Transcriptomic analysis of formation and release of monospores in Pyropia yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Song Shanshan , Yan Xing-Hong
Published: May 2019

Background

Certain red algae (Pyropia yezoensis) of the genus Pyropia can be asexually reproduced by producing monospores, which provides a large number of secondary seeds for marine production. However, the molecular biological mechanism of how algal regulates its own monospores’ formation and release is still unclear, which brings great difficulties and challenges for regulating the yield of seaweed and discovering new strains.

Results

In this study, we compared and analyzed the data between PY26W' which release a large number of monospores and PY26W which release few monospores by Illumina sequencing platform. The number of DEGs produced by the PY26W' was much higher than that of PY26W, and upregulated genes dominantly in PY26W'. A total of 415 common DEGs were produced between comparison of PY26W and PY26W', which may be involved in formation and release of monospores. All the DEGs were highly enriched in the translation process, ribosome assembly, RNA methylation, assembly of actin and vesicles, intracellular localization of organelles, endocytosis and other biological processes and MAPK signaling pathways. Four DEGs (Contig-21827, Contig-15542, Contig-13390, Trinity-DN39215) were selected for real-time PCR, and the results were highly consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results in both strains, and their expression levels were significant. Further expression analysis indicated that Contig-21827 was abundantly expressed in Pyropia. suborbiculata, Pyropia. chauhanii and PY26W' but not in PY26W and Porphyra haitanensis (WT-8), indicating it plays a key regulatory role in the formation and release of monospores. This gene was further confirmed to be involved in the formation of monospores by analogous conidia formation pathway and was named PyMFG.

Conclusion

This is the first time to investigate the formation and release of monospores in P. yezoensis from the RNA level. We successfully screened the monospores’ formation gene (PyMFG) of P. yezoensis and the chitinase homologous gene that degraded its cell wall of monosporangia. Which lay a theoretical foundation for the subsequent explanation of the molecular biological mechanism of its formation and release, regulation of seaweed yield and discovery of new seaweed strains.
The bacteriostatic effect and mechanism of berberine on Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhou Fangfang , Xu Minyi , Gong Wei , Ji Shuiying
Published: May 2019

Background: To observe the bacteriostatic effect of berberine on MRSA, while also exploring the bacteriostatic mechanism of BBR on MRSA.

Methods: The MIC of BBR, gentamicin, levofloxacin，amikacin was determined by broth microdilution, while the MICs of BBR combined with gentamicin, levofloxacin，amikacin against MRSA were determined using microdilution checkerboard. Time-killing test were used to determine the kinetics of BBR combined with antibiotics for MRSA. We used conductivity to assess the changes in membrane permeability in response to BBR on MRSA, while also investigating the changes in MRSA morphology by TEM. RNA-sequencing was used to analyze the expression of differentially expressed genes in USA300 after its treatment with BBR.

Results: The MICs range of BBR on MRSA was 32-256 µg/mL. The range of FICIs of BBR combined with gentamicin, levofloxacin，amikacin were 0.53-1.06, 0.62-1.5, 0.16-1.25. After co-culturing MRSA with BBR at 512 ug/mL, 64 ug/mL,8 ug/mL, respectively, the conductivity of these group increased by 8.14%,13.08% and 12.01%, respectively. Using TEM, we found that low-concentration of BBR had no significant effect on MRSA structure, medium-concentration of BBR thinned the cell wall of MRSA, while high-concentration of BBR destroyed cell wall, leading to bacterial lysis. RNA-sequencing results showed that there were 754 differentially expressed genes in the high-concentration group compared with the control group, of which 561 genes were up-regulated and 193 genes were down-regulated. Compared with the low-concentration group, there were 590 differentially expressed genes, of which 402 genes were up-regulated and 188 genes were down-regulated. Compared with the control group, 19 genes were differentially expressed in the low-concentration group, of which 11 genes were up-regulated,8 genes were down-regulated.

Conclusions: BBR displayed an excellent bacteriostatic effect on MRSA. BBR combined with antibiotics significantly enhanced the bacteriostatic effect on MRSA. BBR inhibited bacteria by destroying the structure of cell wall. RNA-sequencing results demonstrated that the expression of cell wall hydrolysis genes and virulence factor were significantly differentially expressed on MRSA.
Complications of typhoid fever in digestive surgery: a descriptive study based on 295 cases in a sub Saharan environment
Authors: OUEDRAOGO Souleymane , OUANGRE Edgar , ZIDA Maurice , DIALLO Ismael , BERE Bernadette
Published: May 2019

Background: Typhoid fever is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Inadequate management often leads to complications, which are mainly surgical. Surgical complications are fraught with heavy mortality.
Objective: To describe the surgical and digestive complications of typhoid fever in the Surgical Department of Tenkodogo Regional Hospital in Central-Eastern Burkina Faso.
Methods: This was a descriptive study performed in the digestive surgery department of Tenkodogo Regional Hospital. It covered the period from January 2014 to December 2018. The records of all patients who were admitted for a surgical complication of typhoid fever were included.
Results: Two hundred and ninety-five patients were treated for a surgical complication of typhoid fever. There were 184 male patients (62.4%) and 111 female patients. Their average age was 15.7 years. The reported complications were peritonitis by ileal perforation with 212 cases (71.2%), acute cholecystitis with 45 cases (13.8%), primary biliary peritonitis with 23 cases (6.8%) and liver abscess with 15 cases (5.1%). Patients were operated on by laparotomy and laparoscopy under general anaesthesia. The ileal perforations were treated according to 3 surgical procedures: excision-suture of the perforation, resection-anastomosis at the same time and ileostomy with restoration of the digestive continuity after 3 weeks. In cases of acute cholecystitis or biliary peritonitis, a cholecystectomy was proposed. The liver abscesses were drained by laparotomy or by puncture. Antibiotic therapy was associated with surgical treatment. The average length of stay of patients was 9 days. Twenty-eight patients died, which represents 9.5% mortality.
Conclusion: The surgical complications of typhoid fever are responsible for heavy mortality in digestive surgery.
Code of ethics teaching and its application in nursing students: a cross sectional study
Authors: Rambod Masoume , Khademian Zahra
Published: May 2019

Background

Codes of ethics is a guide for nursing practice. However, limited number of studies was conducted on code of ethics teaching and its application in nursing students. This study aimed to determine code of ethics teaching and its application in nursing students and the association between variables.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 134 nursing students from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences participated in this study. Codes of Ethics for Nurses Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed by SPSS.

Results

Code of ethics teaching and its application in 98% and 97% of nursing students were in moderate and high levels. Beside, association between codes of ethics teaching and its application were significant in nursing students (r=0.21, P=0.04). Most of the participants were taught the codes of ethics by their lecturers (58.1%) in classroom (61.1%). Two third of the participants had moderate and above knowledge and capability to apply the codes of ethics. Furthermore, 75.2% of them believed that having codes of ethics were highly essential.

Conclusions

The teaching and application of the codes in approximately 50% of the students were in moderate level, which shows they need to acquire more knowledge on this subject. As the association between codes of ethics teaching and its application through increasing their knowledge, hence, application of these codes in nursing students who will become the future nurses is imperative.
Inferior vena cava diameter as a predicting factor for hypotension after induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients
Authors: Wu TL , Yu Guocan
Published: May 2019

Background: To evaluate the use of inferior vena cava diameter (IVCD) to predict post-induction of general anesthesia (IGA) hypotension in older patients.
Methods: Part I involved 60 older patients undergoing general anesthesia for surgery (group T).We determined the optimal cutoff value (OCV) of the most sensitive index (MSI) (the collapsibility index (IVCci), distensibility index, or respiratory variation rate) that best predicted post-IGA hypotension in older adult patients. Part II involved 66 older adult patients who underwent general anesthesia for surgery. In accordance with the MSI determinde in part I, patients were divided into group B (MSI ≥ OCV, n=42) and group S (MSI
Mediação e conflito familiar
Authors: Paula Cristiano Correia de , Menezes Fernando Gomes de , Cardoso Klauber Guedes , Menezes Maria Rita Rodrigues Constâncio , Leão Maria Vitória Rodrigues Constâncio , Medeiros Suliene Carvalho de
Published: May 2019

A pesquisa visa a apresentar à sociedade a importância do diálogo nas relações familiares com o uso da mediação e conciliação na solução de conflitos intrafamiliares, conforme o previsto na Lei no. 13.140/2015 e no novo Código de Processo Civil. A mediação é a melhor forma para resolver os conflitos, sejam eles familiares ou não, tendo o mediador um importante papel na pacificação social. O estudo pretende demonstrar as vantagens do instituto da mediação como alternativa para a solução dos conflitos familiares em contraponto as decisões judiciais, oportunizando assim as partes uma forma alternativa de solução do litígio, garantindo a celeridade e a efetividade das decisões judiciais, bem como a minimização dos desgastes decorrentes do processo judicial na forma tradicional que geralmente leva mais tempo e provoca maiores prejuízos as relações familiares entre as partes envolvidas que guardam magoas e decepções em quanto que a conciliação traz a satisfação e a paz.
Responsabilidade social e meio ambiente: a contabilidade como ferramenta essencial ao desenvolvimento sustentável
Authors: Silva José Felipe Pereira da
Published: May 2019

Diante de diversas tragédias ambientais ocorridas nos últimos anos, espera-se que voluntariamente as empresas relatem periodicamente como a organização está respondendo ao arcabouço de normativos vigente, qual o programa de sustentabilidade empresarial em vigor, como a empresa identifica riscos ambientais no seu negócio, o que está fazendo para melhor prevenir esses riscos, ou pelo menos detectá-lo mais cedo para tomar medidas corretivas. O contador é peça fundamental na garantia das organizações realizarem o alinhamento da estratégia da obtenção dos resultados econômico e financeiros com as obrigações socioambientais. A pesquisa apresentou que 97% dos contadores compreendem que eles são os responsáveis por promover a transparência das ações da empresa e 83% dos contadores informaram que concorda com o grande benefício que a informação contábil pode gerar para os usuários da informação sobre os impactos ambientais gerados pelo negócio o qual a organização esta inserida.
Planckian dissipation, minimal viscosity and the transport in cuprate strange metals
Authors: Zaanen Jan
Published: May 2019

Could it be that the matter formed from the electrons in high Tc
superconductors is of a radically new kind that may be called "many
body entangled compressible quantum matter"? Much of this text is
intended as an easy to read tutorial, explaining recent theoretical
advances that have been unfolding at the cross roads of condensed
matter- and string theory, black hole physics as well as quantum
information theory. These developments suggest that the physics of such
matter may be governed by surprisingly simple principles. My real
objective is to present an experimental strategy to test critically
whether these principles are actually at work, revolving around the
famous linear resistivity characterizing the strange metal phase. The
theory suggests a very simple explanation of this "unreasonably
simple" behavior that is actually directly linked to remarkable
results from the study of the quark gluon plasma formed at the heavy ion
colliders: the "fast hydrodynamization" and the "minimal
viscosity". This leads to high quality predictions for experiment:
the momentum relaxation rate governing the resistivity relates directly
to the electronic entropy, while at low temperatures the electron fluid
should become unviscous to a degree that turbulent flows can develop
even on the nanometre scale.
Distance-Based Similarity Measure Between Interval Neutrosophic Sets and Multi Criteria Decision Making Method
Authors: KÜÇÜK Gökçe Dilek
Published: May 2019

In this paper, the weighted similarity measure based on Hamming and Euclidean distances is extended to interval neutrosophic sets. It has been previously used for single valued neutrosophic sets. Then a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) method is established, in which the criterion weights are known. In the problem the values of each alternative corresponding to the criteria are given with interval neutrosophic numbers. Finally, alternatives are ranked by using the weighted similarity measure between the ideal alternative and each alternative, and the best one is determined.
n-kere Türevlenebilen h-konveks ve h-konkav fonksiyonlar için İntegral Eşitsizlikler
Authors: KADAKAL Huriye
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmada, hem Hölder hem de
Power-Mean integral eşitsizliği ile birlikte bir integral eşitliği kullanılarak
n-kere türevlenebilen -konveks ve -konkav fonksiyonlar
için bir kaç yeni eşitsizlik bulunmuştur.
Synthesis and Theoretical Analyses of Novel 5-mercapto-2-(5-methyl-furan-2-ylmethylidenamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole Molecule
Authors: KOTAN Gül , MEDETALİBETOĞLU Hilal , BEYTUR Murat , AKYILDIRIM Onur , YÜKSEK Haydar
Published: May 2019

In this study, the novel 5 Mercapto 2--(5 methyl furan 2 yl 1,3,4 thiadiazole molecule was synthesized from the reaction of 2 amino 5 mercapto 1,3,4 thiadiazole with 5 methyl furan 2 carbaldehyde. The 5 Mercapto 2--(5 methyl furan 2 yl 1,3,4 thiadiazole was optimized by using DFT( HF methods. The mulliken charges, HOMO LUMO energy, ELUMO EHOMO energy gap (ΔEg), dipole moments, electron affinity (A), ionization potential (I), chemical softness (σ), chemical hardness (η), electronegativity (χ), bond angles, total energy and bond lengths of the molecule were calculated by using 6 31G(d,p) basis set with DFT (B3LYP) and HF methods. Otherwise, the 1H NMR and 13C NMR isotropic shift values were calculated by using GIAO methods with GaussianG09W package program. The experimental/theoretical values were compared and the regression analysis were found. Defining IR values were used the veda4f program. The theoretical infrared spectrums are visualised.
Vitamin D in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Biological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects
Authors: Olmedo-Martín Raúl Vicente , González-Molero Inmaculada , Olveira Gabriel , Amo-Trillo Víctor , Jiménez-Pérez Miguel
Published: May 2019

Background:

Vitamin D has an immunoregulatory action in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) as well
as other immune-mediated disorders. Its influence on intestinal permeability, innate and adaptive immunity, and the
composition and diversity of the microbiota contribute to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Patients with
IBD have a greater prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than the general population, and a possible association between
this deficit and a worse course of the disease. However, intervention studies in patients with IBD have proved
inconclusive.

Objective:

To review all the evidence concerning the role of vitamin D as an important factor in the pathophysiology
of IBD, review the associations found between its deficiency and the prognosis of the disease, and draw conclusions
for the practical application from the main intervention studies undertaken.

Method:

Structured search and review of basic, epidemiological, clinical and intervention studies evaluating the
influence of vitamin D in IBD, following the basic principles of scientific data.

Results:

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with disease activity, quality of life, the consumption of social and
healthcare resources, and the durability of anti-TNFα biological treatment. Determination of new metabolites of
vitamin D, measurement of its absorption capacity and questionnaires about sun exposure could help identify groups
of IBD patients with a special risk of vitamin D deficiency.

Conclusion:

Well-designed intervention studies are needed in IBD, with probably higher objective plasma doses of
vitamin D to establish its efficacy as a therapeutic agent with immunomodulatory properties. Meanwhile, vitamin D
deficiency should be screened for and corrected in affected patients in order to achieve adequate bone and phosphocalcic
metabolism.