bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple and effective preparation of highly efficient heterogeneous base catalysts
Authors: Kikhtyanin Oleg , Korolova Valeriia , Grechman Evgeniya , Lhotka Miloslav , Veselý Martin , Ruiz Zepeda Francisco , Kubička David
Published: January 2025

The simple hydration of physically mixed Mg and Al oxides results in the formation of solids with an LDH phase, but hydration conditions need to be optimized to obtain resulting catalysts with the optimal performance in aldol condensation.
Selective catalytic hydrogenation of C2H2 from plasma-driven CH4 coupling without extra heat: mechanistic insights from micro-kinetic modelling and reactor performance
Authors: Morais Eduardo , Cameli Fabio , Stefanidis Georgios D. , Bogaerts Annemie
Published: January 2025

Selective C2H4 synthesis from a nanosecond pulsed CH4 plasma followed by catalytic C2H2 hydrogenation: micro-kinetic modelling and reactor performance.
Electrochemical lactamization with CO2
Authors: Zhang Ranran , Liu Min , Zhao Zhiwei , Qiu Youai
Published: January 2025

A direct electrochemical method using CO2 as a carbonyl source provides versatile lactamization products without transition metals and chemical oxidants. Accompanied by advantages of electrochemistry, this established method was made more economical.
Single-step, conformal, and efficient assembly of ligand-exchanged quantum dots for optoelectronic devices via an electric field
Authors: Xu Xiaojie , Nakotte Tom , Flanders Bret N. , Zhou Jenny , Orme Christine A.
Published: January 2025

In this work the authors combined in-solution ligand exchange with an electrically driven film deposition technique to produce conformal PbSe quantum dot films on non-flat substrates in a single step without the need for post deposition processing.
Ruthenium-catalyzed C–H bond activation and annulation of phenothiazine-3-carbaldehydes: facile access to dual-emission materials
Authors: Liu Junxiang , Wang Kangmin , Wan Liqiu , Yang Xianhui , Li Bijin
Published: January 2025

A ruthenium-catalyzed C–H bond activation and annulation reaction efficiently constructed the structurally diverse pyrido[3,4-c]phenothiazin-3-iums with anti-Kasha dual-emission and TADF characteristics.
Optimizing the preparation of laser-derived 3D porous graphene electrodes for modification-free sensing of heavy metal ions
Authors: Diédhiou Ismaila , Raouafi Amal , Hamzaoui Sami , Fall Modou , Raouafi Noureddine
Published: January 2025

Optimal direct laser writing and measuring parameters provide sensitive detection of heavy metallic cations with any modification of the electrodes.
Avoiding commercial kit-based DNA isolation and purification steps: a rapid method for Cryptosporidium oocyst detection
Authors: Mahmudunnabi Rabbee G. , Pannu Amandeep Singh , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Stratton Helen M. , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A.
Published: January 2025

A rapid LAMP-based method for Cryptosporidium detection, eliminating multi-step DNA isolation and purification, with ultrasensitive performance and practical applicability in complex water matrices, detecting as low as 5 oocysts/10 mL.
From lead–acid batteries to perovskite solar cells – efficient recycling of Pb-containing materials
Authors: Suo Jiajia , Yang Bowen , Prideaux Sonja , Pettersson Henrik , Kloo Lars
Published: January 2025

The establishment of simple and efficient lead recycling pathways from lead–acid batteries for fabricating perovskite solar cells promotes the sustainable utilization of toxic lead compounds and advances the development of perovskite photovoltaics.
Bio-based and recyclable adhesives based on β-hydroxyester bonds and hydrogen bonds via molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Kou Zhimin , Sha Ye , Liu Meiting , Zhang Guixin , Wang Jie , Zhang Meng , Hu Lihong , Jia Puyou , Zhou Yonghong
Published: January 2025

An epoxy resin adhesive based on β-hydroxyester bonds and multiple hydrogen bonds was prepared with tung oil and lignin. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to regulate the structure and properties of adhesives.
BSA/PEI/GOD modified cellulose nanocrystals for construction of hydrogel-based flexible glucose sensors for sweat detection
Authors: Zhou Tianjun , Li Pan , Sun Yujie , Wang Wenxiang , Bai Liangjiu , Chen Hou , Yang Huawei , Yang Lixia , Wei Donglei
Published: January 2025

With the miniaturization, integration and intelligence of sweat electrochemical sensor technology, hydrogel flexible sensors have demonstrated immense potential in the field of real-time and non-invasive personal health monitoring.
Assembly of van der Waals structure from CVD-grown 2-dimensional materials using plasma-treated polyvinyl chloride
Authors: Bin Xu  , Masubuchi Satoru , Wakafuji Yusai , Li Yuanzhe , Machida Tomoki , Shiomi Junichiro
Published: January 2025

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) stacking structures have gathered significant attention owing to their unique properties.
Electrodeposited Ni on a silk-derived carbon modified glassy carbon electrode for non-invasive sensing of glucose in saliva
Authors: Zhang Hongteng , Yin Jingwen , Wang Yue , Hasebe Yasushi , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: January 2025

A Ni electrodeposited silk carbon based non-invasive glucose sensor was fabricated with saliva as the application sample. The sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity, a wide linear range, a low detection limit, good selectivity and stability.
Voltage-control of the in-plane magnetic anisotropy in hybrid magnetoelectric Ni90Fe10/BaTiO3(011) heterostructure
Authors: Begue Adrian , Khaliq Muhammad Waqas , Cotón Noelia , Niño Miguel Ángel , Foerster Michael , Ranchal Rocío
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on hybrid magnetoelectric Ni90Fe10/BaTiO3(011) heterostructures, which enable the control of the in-plane magnetization of the magnetostrictive layer through electric voltage. The heterostructure is both Pb- and rare-earth-free,...
Irradiation origin and stability of CO on trans-Neptunian objects
Authors: Hénault E. , Brunetto R. , Pinilla-Alonso N. , Baklouti D. , Djouadi Z. , Guilbert-Lepoutre A. , Müller T. , Cryan S. , de Souza-Feliciano A. C. , Holler B. J. , de Prá M. N. , Emery J. P. , McClure L. T. , Schambeau C. , Pendleton Y. , Harvison B. , Licandro J. , Lorenzi V. , Cruikshank D. , Peixinho N. , Bannister M. T. , Stansberry J.
Published: January 2025

Context. The James Webb Space Telescope large program DiSCo-TNOs has recently shown that CO2 ice is ubiquitous on 54 mediumsize trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). TNO surfaces are found to define three main spectral and thus compositional groups that are likely linked to their position before planetary migration. CO ice is observed on the spectral type that is richest in CO2 and on the type that is richer in CH3OH and organics. Considerations on the thermal evolution of TNOs predicted the depletion of hypervolatiles such as CO from their surface layers, however.

Aims. We investigate a potential irradiation origin of CO as well as its stability by studying the distribution of CO in two TNO compositional types and compared it with irradiation experiments.

Methods. We studied the 4.68 µm band of CO and the 2.70 µm band of CO2 to probe the relation between the two molecules in 33 TNOs. We performed ion irradiation experiments on CO2 and CH3OH ices at 45 and 60 K with 30 keV H+ . We compared the laboratory spectra to TNO observations by focusing on the band areas and positions.

Results. We find that the two types of surfaces in which CO is detected are very distinct in terms of their relative abundances and chemical environment. CO that is observed on surfaces that are rich in CO2 are consistent with being produced by CO2 irradiation, specifically, at 45 K. On objects that are rich in CH3OH and complex organics, CO is more likely formed by irradiation of CH3OH. As the CO band areas are only partly related with temperature, the chemical environment plays a major role in the CO retention.

Conclusions. We find that the CO that is observed on TNO surfaces is compatible with being a secondary molecule that is entirely formed by late irradiation processes. Its abundance and stability is mostly controlled by the matrix from which it formed.
A Novel Fuzzy Logic EMS for Hybrid Microgrids with Photovoltaic, Wind, Fuel Cell, and Energy Storage Integration
Authors: Kabouri Omar , Azeroual Mohamed , El Markhi Hassane , Bagayogo Alhussien
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an innovative Energy Management Strategy (EMS) for a hybrid microgrid that combines two main renewable energy sources (RESs), photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) generators working at the maximum power point (MPP) to extract the maximum available energy, and an energy storage system (ESS) based Lithium batteries to ensure DC-bus stability. This system includes a backup device based on Fuel Cell (FC) to assure system dependability and minimize blackouts, as well as power electronic converters for flexible system parts and a residential community as DC loads. The proposed EMS is based on the advanced Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), which regulates voltage and manages power flow inside the microgrid. MATLAB/Simulink simulations were conducted to assess the performance of innovative microgrid stability strategy. A comparative analysis with conventional EMS approaches demonstrates the superior effectiveness and viability of the proposed FLC technique in energy management within microgrids. The simulation-based comparison indicates that the proposed optimization method enhances system performance and DC-bus stability.
Newborn with Refractory Seizures due to Hemimegalencephaly and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Rondagh Mathies , Vries Linda S. de , Meeren Lotte E. van der , Tromp Selma C. , Peeters-Scholte Cacha M.P.C.D. , Toirkens Menno J.P. , Steggerda Sylke J.
Published: January 2025

Hemimegalencephaly (HME) is a rare congenital disorder that is initiated during embryonic development with abnormal growth of one hemisphere. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a genetic disorder, is rarely associated with HME.

We present a case of a newborn with HME with a confirmed mutation in the TSC-1 gene and describe the clinical course, findings on amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG), cranial ultrasound (CUS), MRI, and the postmortem evaluation. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive literature review of all reported newborns with HME and a genetically confirmed TSC mutation.

This infant experienced therapy-resistant seizures after birth despite treatment with multiple antiseizure medications. CUS and MRI revealed HME of the left hemisphere. Early functional hemispherectomy, around the age of 3 months, was considered but dismissed after multidisciplinary evaluation, medical ethical consultation, and multiple discussions with the parents. Care was redirected due to worsening clinical and neurologic conditions, increasing respiratory insufficiency, and ongoing therapy-resistant seizures. Postmortem evaluation of the brain revealed hamartomatous brain changes and irregular gyration of the enlarged hemisphere. in addition, these changes were also present in the previously considered unaffected side, raising thoughts about the potential effectiveness of functional hemispherectomy.

This case report illustrates that in cases with TSC abnormalities might not be confined solely to the initially considered affected side. This can have important therapeutic implications.
Simultaneous Symmetrizing Surgery on the Contralateral Breast in Unilateral Autologous Breast Reconstruction Is Cost-Effective
Authors: Zhao K. Lynn , Kammien Alexander J. , Graetz Elena , Moore Miranda S. , Evans Brogan G. , Schneider Eric B. , Ayyala Haripriya S.
Published: January 2025

Background Simultaneous symmetrizing surgery (SSS) at the time of unilateral free flap reconstruction has been described as a method to facilitate single-stage breast reconstruction. However, the impact on cost and number of additional procedures is not well described.

Methods Patients with unilateral free flap reconstruction were identified in national administrative data from 2017 to 2021 and followed for one year. Patients were stratified by immediate and delayed reconstruction, then further stratified into groups with and without SSS. Thirty-day complications included transfusion, wound dehiscence, surgical site infection, hematoma/seroma, and thromboembolism. The costs of initial hospitalization and subsequent surgeries were determined. Deferred symmetrizing surgeries within one year were identified. Chi-squared and Fisher exact tests and Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results A total of 1,136 patients were identified, out of which 638 were delayed reconstructions: 75 with SSS and 563 without. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics or 30-day complications. Within one year of index reconstruction, fewer patients with SSS underwent revision surgery (29% vs. 51%, [p = 0.001]) or at least one additional procedure (36% vs. 57%, p < 0.001). Patients with SSS had lower total costs ($35,897 vs. $50,521, p = 0.005). There were 498 immediate reconstructions: 63 with SSS and 435 without. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics, 30-day complications, subsequent surgeries, or total costs.

Conclusion Symmetrizing procedures at the time of unilateral reconstruction may decrease the cost and number of subsequent surgeries without increasing complications.
An oceanic basin oscillation-driving mechanism for tides
Authors: Yang Yongfeng
Published: January 2025

Tides represent the daily alternations of high and low waters along coastlines and in oceans, and the current theory (termed the gravitational forcing mechanism) explains them as a manifestation of the response of ocean water to the Moon's (Sun's) gravitational force. However, although the purely hydrodynamic models representing the current theory have been widely tested over global ocean, their tidal elevation accuracies are generally low. This implies an uncertainty as to whether the gravitational forcing mechanism is the best explanation for tides. In this study, we present a new theory (termed the oceanic basin oscillation-driving mechanism), in which tides are explained as a manifestation of oscillating ocean basin that is intricately linked to the elongated spinning solid Earth due to the Moon (Sun). Based on this new theory, we develop an algebraic tide model and test it using 11-year observations from 33 bottom pressure stations over the Pacific Ocean, the average root mean square (RMS) deviation of tidal elevation predicted by this model against observation is 7.54 cm. Using a ratio of M2 elevation RMS of ocean tide model EOT11a and its total tidal elevation RMS as a reference, we estimate the total tidal elevation RMS of six purely hydrodynamic models [i.e., Hallberg Isopycnal Model (HIM), OSU Tidal Inversion Software-GN (OTIS-GN), STORMTIDE model (STORMTIDE), OSU Tidal Inversion Software-ERB (OTIS-ERB), STM-1B, and HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM)] to be 59.93, 51.64, 57.05, 38.56, 86.92, and 53.56 cm, respectively.
Interference of multi-pore collapse in explosive crystal under shock loading
Authors: Yao Tianzi , Wang Shuo , Tian Zhandong , Luo Jingrun , Chen Rong
Published: January 2025

Hotspots are generally recognized as the cause of ignition of heterogeneous explosives under shock loading, and the pores in the explosive crystal are the primary hotspots contributing to localized temperature rise and ignition. To investigate the interaction mechanism between pores in explosive crystals, the discrete element method is employed to numerically simulate the collapse processes of pores with various arrangements in explosive crystals under shock loading. The influence of the viscosity and plasticity of the explosive crystal on temperature rise is considered in the simulation. The results revealed that the interaction among the pores is essentially the interference of the upstream pore collapse on the shock wave front, which subsequently loads on the downstream pores and reflects back to the upstream pores. The perturbed shock wave loads on the downstream pores in various patterns due to the diversity in pore distance, size, and arrangement orientation, leading to different interference patterns. The causes of each interference pattern and its influence on localized temperature rise are further analyzed. Finally, the collapse patterns of downstream pores discovered in the simulation are summarized, identifying the six most representative downstream pore collapse patterns.
The economic optimum mob size at lambing for triplet-bearing Maternal and Merino ewes across southern Australia
Authors: Young John M. , Kenyon Paul R. , Kubeil Lyndon J. , Thompson Andrew N. , Trompf Jason , Lockwood Amy
Published: January 2025

Context Lambing triplet-bearing ewes in smaller mobs significantly increases lamb survival. Aims This paper reports economic analysis to assess the optimum mob size for triplet-bearing ewes during lambing. Methods The analyses considered scenarios for Merino and non-Merino (Maternal) flocks where producers subdivided lambing paddocks using permanent fencing or where ewes were re-allocated within existing paddocks on the basis of pregnancy status. Key results The optimum mob sizes for triplet-bearing ewes during lambing were affected by ewe breed, stocking rate, lamb price and the target return-on-investment if subdividing paddocks. The optimum mob size for triplet-bearing Maternal and Merino ewes was between 27% and 40% of the optimum for twin-bearing ewes and this was similar for scenarios where paddocks were subdivided, or where ewes were re-allocated within existing paddocks. At the standard lamb price of AUD$7/kg carcass weight, the economic return from adjusting the relative mob size of triplet-bearing ewes was AUD$2.05 per multiple-bearing or AUD$14.20 per triplet-bearing Maternal ewe and AUD$0.54 per multiple-bearing ewe or AUD$5.70 per triplet-bearing Merino ewe. Conclusions Overall, these analyses demonstrated that reducing mob size at lambing can be a profitable strategy for improving survival of triplet-born lambs, depending on the current size of lambing mobs. Implications As reported previously for single- and twin-bearing ewes, it is difficult to provide generic recommendations to producers for the optimum mob size of triplet-bearing ewes at lambing because optimum mob size was dependent on several enterprise-specific factors.
Towards a wildfire vulnerability index using expert judgement
Authors: Papathoma-Köhle M. , Hausharter D. , Schlögl M. , Fuchs S.
Published: January 2025

Background Climate change is expected to significantly change wildfire frequency and magnitude, which poses particular challenges for countries with limited experience in managing wildfires, such as Austria. Aims To develop a vulnerability index, this study aims at weighting the characteristics of buildings and their surroundings (vulnerability indicators) by involving different national stakeholders (Austria) and international experts. Methods Expert judgement and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were used for weighting indicators identified in a previous study through a literature review. Key results The judgement of two expert groups regarding the weighting of the vulnerability indicators is compared. A wildfire vulnerability index that combines all the indicators into a single vulnerability index assigned to each building is introduced. Conclusions The wildfire vulnerability index for buildings is a tool for decision-makers and other end users in Austria. The index sets the foundations for ongoing research in the field of vulnerability assessment and is based on trans-disciplinary approaches involving both academia and stakeholders. Implications The index can be used to support decision-making, risk reduction and climate change adaptation strategies but it can also guide local adaptation at the building level.
Simulating wildfire spread based on continuous time series remote sensing images and cellular automata
Authors: Zhuang Huajian , Liu Naian , Xie Xiaodong , Xu Xuan , Li Mengmeng , Zhang Yang , Wang Rui
Published: January 2025

Background Acquiring behaviour parameters of wildfire propagation and developing firefighting strategies necessitate a precise and efficient simulation method; fireline coordinates and rate of spread (ROS) are two crucial parameters closely associated with simulation precision. Aims This study proposes an adaptive simulation method for wildfire propagation by integrating continuous time series remote sensing images with a cellular automata (CA) model. Methods The ROS in each direction is calculated using continuous time fireline coordinates derived from multi-source remote sensing images. A time-adaptive propagation algorithm is developed based on the CA model (time-adaptive cellular automata, TCA). Vegetation distribution information is derived to establish a simulation system for verification experiments. Key results The TCA model demonstrated satisfactory simulation performance, with a prediction accuracy of 92.2% for burned area and 87.3% for fireline length within local regions in the MuLi Forest Fire and effectively characterised gradual spread based on low ROS. Conclusion The adaptive simulation method produces fairly precise results and demonstrated its capability to achieve localised and gradual propagation. This software serves as a powerful tool for wildland surface fire prevention and control. Implications The adaptive simulation method based on continuous time remote sensing images and the CA model are essential for accurately predicting wildfire propagation.
Subfossils suggest worse-than-realised losses of small-bodied mammals in northern Australia
Authors: Vakil Vikram , Cramb Jonathan , Price Gilbert , Louys Julien , Stanisic John , Webb Gregory E.
Published: January 2025

Context Examining Australia’s late Quaternary subfossil record can be valuable in assessing whether the current diversity of small-bodied mammals seen across some parts of northern Australia is ‘normal’. Such records are important for establishing baselines for measuring historic changes in communities today and into the future. These datasets are becoming increasingly important, given trajectories in current global climate change, and predicted habitat losses and other potential anthropogenic impacts. Aims The main aim of this study is to utilise the local subfossil record from north-eastern Australia to establish a natural baseline for assessing changes in small mammal communities post-European colonisation. Methods Subfossils of vertebrates and other taxa were recovered from surface deposits adjacent to cave entrances at Broken River, near Greenvale in north-eastern Queensland, and were subjected to taxonomic, taphonomic and statistical analyses. These were then compared with local faunal records from modern surveys to compare differences in faunal communities between past and present. Key results Radiocarbon dating showed that these subfossils are geologically young, dating to approximately the time of European colonisation. We provide evidence for the former presence of extinct species of hopping mice (Notomys spp.) and rabbit rats (Conilurus spp.) in the region. Additional locally extirpated taxa such as Cape York bandicoot (Isoodon peninsulae) and Shark Bay mouse (Pseudomys gouldii) demonstrated considerable range contractions since the deposits accumulated, compared with their current distribution. Independent evidence from subfossil land snails recovered from these deposits is, with two exceptions, all modern-day vine thicket, karst-dwelling species indicating a long-term maintenance of vine thicket habitat. Thus, the loss of several mammal species is unlikely to be the result of habitat loss. Conclusions Analysis of the surface deposits showed that local historic small-mammal communities were much more diverse than are the region’s extant faunas recorded by modern surveys. Many extinctions and extirpations evidently occurred prior to such faunas being recorded as local inhabitants of the region. Implications Our data suggested that post-European colonisation small-mammal losses are likely to be substantially worse than previously realised.
ECG signal generation using feature disentanglement auto-encoder
Authors: Xiao Hanbin , Xia Yong
Published: January 2025

Objective. The demand for electrocardiogram (ECG) datasets, particularly those containing rare classes, poses a significant challenge as deep learning becomes increasingly prevalent in ECG signal research. While generative adversarial networks (GANs) and variational autoencoders (VAEs) are widely adopted, they encounter difficulties in effectively generating samples for classes with limited instances. Approach. To address this issue, we propose a novel Feature Disentanglement Auto-Encoder (FDAE) designed to dissect various generative factors under a contrastive learning framework within ECG data to facilitate the generation of new ECG samples. The FDAE enhances and extends the AE structure with novel methodologies, which involve: (1) partitioning the latent space into three distinct representations to capture various generative factors; (2) utilizing a contrastive loss function to improve feature disentanglement capabilities; and (3) incorporating additional classifiers to enhance representation learning, alongside a discriminator aimed at boosting the realism of synthesized signals. Furthermore, our FDAE generates new signals by swapping latent codes of existing signals and combining freely or substituting patient-independent representations with those randomly generated by a VAE. Main results. To validate our approach, we conduct heartbeat classification experiments on the publicly available MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, using FAKE-train/FAKE-test partitions and data augmentation. The results highlight the FDAE’s ability to improve ECG classifier performance and excel in synthesizing ECG signals. Furthermore, we apply the model to the Icentia11K dataset and conducted classification enhancement experiments. The results further highlight the model’s strong generalization ability in ECG synthesis. Significance. This work has the potential to improve the robustness and generalization of deep learning models for ECG analysis, particularly in medical applications where rare cardiac events are often underrepresented in available datasets.
Probabilistic theory of the L-H transition and causality
Authors: Kim Eun-jin , Thiruthummal Abhiram Anand
Published: January 2025

The low-to-high confinement (L-H) transition is critical for understanding plasma bifurcations and self-organization in high-temperature fusion plasmas. This paper reports a probabilistic theory of the L-H transition, in particular, a probability density function of power threshold Qc
for the first time. Specifically, by utilizing a stochastic prey-predator model with energy-conserving zonal flow-turbulence interactions and extensive GPU computing, we investigate the effects of stochastic noises, external perturbations, time-dependent input power ramping, and initial conditions on the power threshold uncertainty. The information geometry theory (information rate, causal information rate) is employed to highlight how statistical properties of turbulence, zonal flows, and mean pressure gradient change over the transition, clarifying self-regulation and causal relations among them.
Visually secure multiple image encryption scheme based on the newly chaotic map and compressed sensing
Authors: Wang Yi-Fan , Qin Xiao-Li , Tian Yan-Zhao
Published: January 2025

Due to the large amount of information and intuitive characteristics, the image has become an important information carrier in our daily life, so its security has been an important direction in the field of information security. This paper mainly studies the problems of multiple images information hiding and visual security, and considers the advantages of block compressed sensing to design an image visual security encryption scheme. Firstly, we design a new chaotic map and block Arnold transform, combining with block compression sensing theory to scramble and encrypt the plain images after 2D Discrete Wavelet Transform (2D DWT), and obtain the secret images to be hidden. Finally, the secret images are embedded into the carrier image after the 2D Fast Fourier Transform (2D FFT) to hide, and the visually secure cipher image is obtained. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively realize the information hiding and recovery of four images, while exhibiting strong robustness against noise interference and clipping attacks.
Equivalent circuit model of magnetoelectric antenna in radial vibration mode
Authors: Li Xiangyang , Li Na , Jiao Zeshuo , Zhang Yiqun
Published: January 2025

Magnetoelectric (ME) antennas utilize mechanical resonance instead of electromagnetic (EM) resonance to produce EM radiation, significantly reducing the antenna's size. This approach represents a highly promising strategy for antenna miniaturization. Currently, radial motion modes are present in piezoelectric resonators and piezoelectric antennas, but radial vibration modes in ME antennas remain largely unexplored. This paper is the first to investigate radially vibrating ME antennas from a circuit perspective. First, we derive the control equations governing radial motion through material constitutive relations and Newton's equations. Next, an equivalent circuit model is established using electromechanical analogy, and the radiation performance is characterized by defining the voltage gain. Multi-physics finite element simulations reveal that the resonance frequency of the inverse ME coefficient is 19.7 MHz, while the resonance frequency of the ME voltage gain is 18.7 MHz. The close agreement between these values verifies the accuracy of the proposed equivalent circuit model. Further simulations of the converse ME (CME) coefficient demonstrate that the CME coefficient in the radial vibration mode is two orders of magnitude higher than in the thickness vibration mode. Similarly, from the perspective of ME voltage gain, the radial vibration mode outperforms the thickness vibration mode by four orders of magnitude. This study highlights the effectiveness of equivalent circuit models in advancing ME antenna research and demonstrates the superior performance of radial vibration modes. It enhances the understanding of ME antenna vibration modes and provides a robust foundation for their design and optimization.
Cross-linked polyaniline network on highly-ordered nanopillar arrays integrated with microfluidics for rapid detection of calcium ions in small sample volumes
Authors: Park Ju Ha , Park Hong Jun , Jang Sung Tae , Kim Jueun , Yoon Jo Hee , Lee Kyoung G , Choi Bong Gill
Published: January 2025

Wearable sensor technology has garnered significant attention due to its considerable potential in personal healthcare and medical care. Various biomarkers present in human sweat, tears, and saliva can provide insights into an individual’s physiological state. However, the small volume of these noninvasive fluids poses challenges for the reliability and stability of sensor measurements. Efficient collection of body fluids and the use of nanostructured sensor electrodes is crucial for accurate detection. In this study, a cross-linked polyaniline network was synthesized directly onto highly ordered Au nanopillars. A potentiometric Ca2+ sensor was then fabricated using an as-synthesized nanoscale electrode, which was integrated into a microfluidic channel. The sensor exhibited a theoretical Nernst response (∼28.32 mV log−1[Ca2+]), a rapid response time (approximately <0.1 s), excellent repeatability, and high selectivity (all K

POT
values < 10−3). The microfluidic-integrated sensor exhibited good sensitivity for small samples of < 10 μl. Furthermore, an on-body wearable sensor test was performed to monitor real-time Ca2+ dynamics in human sweat during physical activity.
Symmetry adapted DVR approach using Cartesian basis
Authors: Suárez Eduardo , Lemus Renato
Published: January 2025

A discrete variable representation (DVR) approach in the framework of the 2D Cartesian basis is studied to take into account the symmetry of both the potential and the basis. Three cases are analyzed: a rectangular well potential, where the basis carries the symmetry of the system, the circular potential, where the DVR points are not compatible with the boundary conditions of the potential, and a quartic potential in Cartesian coordinates. A truncation method of the basis is also proposed to assure rapid convergence. The computational time and memory involved in the calculations are drastically reduced when compared to previous analysis where the symmetry was taken into account using a different approach.
Geometrically constrained quantum dynamics: numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation on a comb
Authors: Kapetanoski Ognen , Petreska Irina
Published: January 2025

The comb model constitutes a simplified model for investigation of the dynamics in heterogeneous and anisotropic media and its implementation in the Schrödinger equation enables understanding of the wave packet spreading in such media. In this article, the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) in the presence of comb-like geometric constraints is numerically solved. The comb-like constraints in the Hamiltonian are tailored by a modified Laplacian operator, which incorporates the Dirac delta function. To devise an appropriate numerical scheme, we regularize the Dirac delta function by its approximation of Gaussian form. Further, the finite difference method for spatial discretization and the fourth order Runge-Kutta method for the time evolution are employed. The obtained results for the wave function are compared with the analytical solutions, previously obtained in an infinite domain and a thorough analysis is carried out. The best comparison is found for short and intermediate time intervals. After validating the numerical scheme, we investigate the influence of the initial conditions on the probability density function (PDF). The TDSE was first solved with the initial conditions of Gaussian form, and then a comb-like shape of the initial wave function was proposed. The latter leads to pronounced localization in the narrow regions along the backbone, which disappears after a long time and resembles the similar behaviour of the PDF, as in the case of Gaussian initial condition. The numerical scheme developed in this work widens the applicability of the comb model for finite domains and nontrivial initial conditions, where analytical solution is not possible. Therefore, this improves the perspectives for modeling of the realistic experimental situations, where the domains are finite.
A new continuous optimization method of standardized cubic permanent magnets for stellarators
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Chen Dehong , Xu Guosheng , Lu Zhiyuan , Zhu Caoxiang , Chen Liang , Ye Minyou , Wan Baonian
Published: January 2025

Stellarator configurations can be realized using permanent magnets in combination with tokamak-like planar coils. From the perspective of engineering feasibility and cost-effectiveness, using standardized cubic permanent magnets with a finite number of magnetization directions is particularly advantageous. However, optimizing the discrete magnetization directions of tens of thousands of cubic magnets poses a significant challenge. This paper introduces a novel method that converts the discrete optimization problem into a continuous nonlinear optimization problem, enabling the direct application of well-established nonlinear optimization algorithms. This approach leverages a specially tailored continuous function to represent the magnetization moment and incorporates a penalty term to ensure the direction vector converges to one of the discrete points. Subsequently, a discrete solution for the magnetization direction distribution is derived by truncating the continuous solution and eliminating adjacent magnets with opposing magnetization directions. The proposed optimization method is validated using the ESTELL stellarator configuration as a case study. The results demonstrate that the designed distribution of cubic permanent magnets can accurately reproduce the intended magnetic field configuration.
Tailless control of a four-winged flapping-wing micro air vehicle with wing twist modulation
Authors: Park Heetae , Kim Seungkeun , Suk Jinyoung
Published: January 2025

This paper describes the tailless control system design of a flapping-wing micro air vehicle in a four-winged configuration, which can provide high control authority to be stable and agile in flight conditions from hovering to maneuvering flights. The tailless control system consists of variable flapping frequency and wing twist modulation. The variable flapping frequency creates rolling moments through differential vertical force from flapping mechanisms that can be independently driven on the left and right sides. The wing twist modulation changes wing tension, resulting in vertical and horizontal force variations during one flap cycle and generating pitching and yaw moments. We presume that the wing geometry and implementation method of wing-root actuation are related to the control authority of wing twist modulation. Then, the control system’s performance is analyzed for various wing geometries and implementation methods, including wing length, leading-edge thickness, camber angle, and vein configuration. Furthermore, the cross-coupling effect is examined for the wing twist modulation, and a control surface interconnect is designed to compensate for the decrease of pitch control authority and adverse rolling moment. The refined wing and control mechanism demonstrated its high control authority without significant loss of vertical force and power efficiency. The flight experiments validated that the control system based on wing twist modulation is suitable for four-winged flapping-wing micro air vehicles, providing sufficient control moment and minimizing the cross-coupling effect.
Fast because it’s just: fostering acceptance to accelerate sustainability transitions in coal-dependent regions
Authors: de Brauwer Cristian Pons-Seres , Yanguas Parra Paola Andrea
Published: January 2025

Coal-dependent communities and regions are at the frontline of the global energy transition, with net-zero scenarios requiring unprecedented sharp decreases in coal use and production in the next few decades. Rapid decarbonization in these ‘coal-dependent’ regions can result in high disruptiveness and trigger socio-political resistance across both the acceleration of coal phase-outs (decline) and clean energy phase-ins (diffusion). Lack of social acceptance (SA) stands as a critical bottleneck risking slowing down the pace of the transition. Governance strategies seeking the acceleration of coal transitions will therefore need to strike a delicate balance between disruptiveness and acceptance. We argue that fostering acceptance, for instance through just transition (JT) policies, does not simply serve as a means to pursue ‘just’ transition processes, but rather as a fundamental acceleration strategy for decline and diffusion dynamics that unfold simultaneously. To substantiate this argument, we conduct a narrative review cutting across the literature on JTs and SA of renewables’ innovations, and reinterpret them using a socio-technical (sustainability) transition perspective to outline three core propositions: (i) justice perceptions underlie acceptance; (ii) acceptance precedes reorientation; (iii) reorientation as a transition acceleration strategy. We then outline an integrative research agenda to renew the scientific focus towards the interconnections between justice-acceptance-acceleration in the ongoing transitions in coal-dependent regions and elsewhere.
Feasibility of anchoring active fixation quadripolar lead to the main body of the dilated coronary sinus in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava: a case report
Authors: Taguchi Yuka , Hosoda Junya , Horigome Akira , Ishikawa Toshiyuki
Published: January 2025

Background

Coronary sinus (CS) lead placement in persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) cases is challenging because of the poor backup force of the guiding catheter within the enlarged CS. Active fixation Quadripolar leads (Attain Stability™ Quad 4798, Medtronic) can expand choice to CS branches with limited access; however, no cases of anchoring to the main body of the CS have been published to date.

Case summary

We describe a case of cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker upgrade in a 79-year-old female who developed pacing-induced cardiomyopathy after pacemaker implantation via the right superior vena cava (SVC) for atrioventricular block eight years ago wherein PLSVC was revealed during the procedure. Retrograde giant CS angiography via SVC confirmed the lateral vein ostium. Attain Stability Quadripolar lead was selected; however, due to the tortuousness and stenosis of the target vein, the proximal electrodes could not advance into the target vein. Therefore, the side helix between the third and fourth electrodes was crimped to the anterior wall of the giant CS using the distal end curve of the subselection catheter and successfully screwed into the main body of the CS. At more than 6 months, left ventricular ejection fraction improved without lead dislodgement.

Discussion

Fixation of CS lead to the main body of the dilated CS was feasible by devising a guiding catheter and a subselection catheter. Nevertheless, the safety of active fixation lead retraction after long-term indwelling in CS is unknown and it should be carefully considered.
Multiple physiological response analyses of Chlorella vulgaris exposed to silver nanoparticles, ciprofloxacin, and their combination
Authors: Romero N , Kergaravat S V , Regaldo L , Hernández S R , Seabra A B , Ferreira F F , Lourenço I M , Castro G R , Gagneten A M
Published: January 2025

The combination of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) can be considered an alternative to combat multidrug-resistant microbial infections. However, knowledge about their combined toxicity is scarce after being released in an aquatic environment. The present study evaluated the individual toxicity of AgNPs and CIP and their combined toxicity on the unicellular green microalga Chlorella vulgaris, evaluating cellular responses and conducting metabolomic analysis. The median effective concentrations at 96 h (EC50-96h) for AgNPs, CIP, and the mixture were 132 µg L−1, 7000 µg L−1, and 452 µg L−1, respectively. CIP exhibited a synergistic effect with AgNPs. The toxic ranking for C. vulgaris was AgNPs > AgNPs + CIP > CIP. The growth rate was the most evident parameter of toxicity. Cell diameter significantly increased (p < 0.001) at 96 hours for the highest concentrations tested of AgNPs, CIP, and the mixture, with increases of 24%, 41%, and 19%, respectively, compared to the control. Photosynthetic pigment analyses revealed that C. vulgaris upregulated chlorophyll, carotenoids, and pheophytin. Cell exposure to CIP caused an SOS response involving increased protein and carbohydrate concentrations to tolerate antibiotic stress. Exposure to AgNPs and CIP increased catalase and glutathione S-transferase activity, but the mixture decreased the activity. AgNPs increased malondialdehyde content in exposed cells due to fatty acid peroxidation. These pollutants revealed their potential risks in interfering with survival and metabolism. Our findings highlight the possible hazards of co-pollutants at environmentally relevant quantities, providing insights into the individual and combined ecotoxicity of AgNPs and CIP.
GWAS-assisted and multitrait genomic prediction for improvement of seed yield and canning quality traits in a black bean breeding panel
Authors: Izquierdo Paulo , Wright Evan M , Cichy Karen
Published: January 2025

In recent years, black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have gained popularity in the United States, with improved seed yield and canning quality being critical traits for new cultivars. Achieving genetic gains in these traits is often challenging due to negative trait associations and the need for specialized equipment and trained sensory panels for evaluation. This study investigates the integration of genomics and phenomics to enhance selection accuracy for these complex traits. We evaluated the prediction accuracy of single-trait (ST) and multitrait (MT) genomic prediction (GP) models, incorporating near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) data and markers identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The models demonstrated moderate prediction accuracies for yield and canning appearance (App) and high accuracies for color retention. No significant differences were found between ST and MT models within the same breeding cycle. However, across breeding cycles, MT models outperformed ST models by up to 45 and 63% for canning App and seed yield, respectively. Interestingly, incorporating significant SNP markers identified by GWAS and NIRS data into the models tended to decrease prediction accuracy both within and between breeding cycles. As genotypes from the new breeding cycle were included, the models' prediction accuracy generally increased. Our findings underscore the potential of MT models to enhance the prediction of complex traits such as seed yield and canning quality in dry beans and highlight the importance of continually updating the training dataset for effective GP implementation in dry bean breeding.
Multi-technique estimation of ice mass balance in Greenland: impact of the uncertainties on firn densification and GIA models
Authors: Sanchez Lofficial Ana , Métivier Laurent , Fleitout Luce , Chanard Kristel , Greff-Lefftz Marianne , de La Serve Maylis , Gauer Louis-Marie , Gourrion Emma
Published: January 2025

We conduct a comprehensive comparison of ice mass balance (IMB) estimates for Greenland derived from satellite observations of ice surface elevation changes (SEC), gravity and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) observations. Our analysis integrates data from the ICESat and CryoSat-2 satellite altimetry missions, augmented by optical stereo-imagery for peripheral glaciers, and GRACE satellite gravimetry mission, spanning the 2003–2008 and 2011–2015 periods. We also consider three firn densification models (FDM) and five glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models for correcting the data sets for these effects when necessary. Our results reveal significant differences among FDM corrections applied to SEC observations, with particularly large variations in IMB estimates reaching up to 90 Gt yr−1. To address this, we develop an innovative method for estimating equivalent firn corrections to the ice elevation observations, based on a least-squares fit of filtered ice SEC observations to GRACE mass-change estimates. This approach is both simple and independent from climate models assumptions and shows minimal sensitivity to GIA model differences. Using this method, we estimate IMBs for Greenland at −217.6 $\pm$ 15.7 Gt yr−1 for 2003–2008 and −253.2 $\pm$ 18.8 Gt yr−1 for 2011–2015. Importantly, these values indicate an acceleration of the thinning rate, not consistently captured by the IMB estimates inferred from the ice SEC observations corrected by FDMs. Finally, we compute elastic ground deformation induced by ice mass change during 2011–2015, using the four proposed mass-variation distributions and compare the predicted vertical velocities with GNSS observations in Greenland, accounting for all GIA models. While all models are consistent with most of the GNSS-derived uplift rates, they cannot fully explain the observed vertical velocities, especially in the South-East Greenland, which confirms the need to refine our understanding of GIA contributions in this region.