bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Career Readiness in College Student-Athletes and Identifying Associated Personal Qualities
Authors: August Rachel A.
Published: August 2018

The extent to which college student-athletes are prepared to enter the workforce upon graduation is an important concern to universities, the National Collegiate Athletic Association, and to many college student-athletes themselves. In this interview study of 18 college student-athletes from 12 sports at a Division I university, the features and extent of career readiness are identified as well as the personal qualities associated with career readiness. Given the criterion established for identifying levels of career readiness, seven participants were classified as career ready, three were semi-career ready, and eight were minimally or not career ready. Further, four personal qualities distinguished athletes who are career ready from those who are not. Those qualities were optimism, resilience, adaptivity, and their recognition of crossover skills, that is, skills, knowledge, and personal strengths required for both sports and work domains. Implications for training student-athletes in positive personal qualities and recognizing crossover skills are discussed.
Acute Kidney Injury Following Methimazole Initiation: A Case Report
Authors: Shell Abigail , Sullivan Joshua W.
Published: August 2018

Objective:

Nephritis has been rarely associated with methimazole, primarily in the development of nephrotic syndrome. We describe a case of acute kidney injury without evidence of nephrotic syndrome following methimazole initiation.

Methods:

We present the relevant history, laboratory data, and nuclear medicine data and review relevant documentation from the literature.

Results:

A 72-year-old male recently diagnosed with new-onset atrial fibrillation was found to have suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels; elevated free T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) levels; and a nonnodular thyroid gland with normal iodine uptake. He was diagnosed with Graves’ disease and treated with propylthiouracil (PTU) for 5 years. When his poor compliance with PTU was impeding his antithyroid treatment, he was converted to methimazole. Within 1 month following methimazole initiation, his serum creatinine (SCr) had risen to 1.6× baseline in the absence of other contributing nephrotoxins. SCr returned to baseline within 2 weeks of methimazole discontinuation, and the patient was subsequently managed on PTU.

Conclusion:

Acute kidney injury with or without the presence of nephrotic syndrome may occur during treatment with methimazole. Renal function should be closely monitored after the initiation of methimazole to prevent progressive renal dysfunction.
Influencing Exercise and Hydration Self-Care Practices of Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Nevins Colleen M. , Sherman Jacqueline , Canchola Keri , Ihrig Kalie , Steinfeld Brooklyn , Wagner William E.
Published: August 2018

Purpose: Health promotion is often neglected by students during their nursing education, yet research indicates that self-care practices can significantly reduce compassion fatigue and burnout. An intervention study investigated strategies to increase exercise and hydration in baccalaureate nursing students. Method: Using a convenience sample ( n = 73), data were collected through pre- and postsurveys of nursing students participating in an 8-week period that focused on strategies to increase walking and drinking water. Findings: Several significant trends emerged from the study participants ( n = 21). Younger (18-25 years) students perceived their health status as excellent to good, while older (26-50+ years) students viewed their health status as fair to poor. Although no significant difference in exercise occurred between pre- and postsurvey, a trend of an increase in frequency was noted. A dramatic increase of nearly 16 ounces in water consumption was reported on both clinical ( p = .032) and nonclinical ( p = .028) days. The findings are supported by Pender’s health promotion model concept of self-efficacy. Conclusion: The frequency of exercise and amount of hydration increased during the 8-week intervention period. Despite a small sample size and short intervention period, results merit further research on the positive influences of self-care practices in nursing students.
Mechatronic treadmill for gait reeducation with control algorithm of treadmill speed adaptation
Authors: Gembalczyk Grzegorz , Duda Sławomir , Kciuk Sławomir , Gąsiorek Damian , Mężyk Arkadiusz
Published: August 2018

Different types of devices, from the simplest (medical walkers) to the most technologically advanced ones (mechatronic devices), are widely used to support the rehabilitation process for people who suffered strokes or have other disabilities—especially to enhance their mobility. This article presents a new mechatronic system for gait reeducation, which consists of two main components: training treadmill and body weight support system. The device is also equipped with sensors for measuring the rope inclination angle, rope tension and foot pressure on the ground. The transmission of measurement and control signals between the computer with control system and the electromechanical part of the device is realized by means of three real-time boards. This publication covers certain issues related to the device design process, integration of the main components, as well as the description of the developed treadmill speed adaptation algorithm and experimental verification of such control system. The speed of treadmill belt is adjusted by a feedback loop with a rope inclination angle measurement. Because of the kind of the connection of the treadmill (the control signals are sent to the buttons in the treadmill control panel) and related limitations, a proper conversion of the control signal was required, from a continuous one to a digital square wave signal with variable period. Developing an optimal treadmill speed control algorithm in this case was an interesting engineering challenge.
Experimental investigation on burr formation in vibration-assisted micro-milling of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Zheng Lu , Chen Wanqun , Huo Dehong
Published: August 2018

Titanium alloys have been widely used in aerospace, marine and medical industries, due to their high strength, good corrosion resistance and excellent heat resistance. High tool wear rate and low machining accuracy limits conventional micro-milling to meet increasing stringent demand. In this paper, a prototype of two-directional vibration stage and its control system are developed for non-resonant mode vibration-assisted micro-milling system. A series of slot milling experiments are carried out to investigate the effects of vibration parameters on burr generation. The results show that vibration-assisted micro-milling is an effective way to reduce burr size when choosing appropriate vibration parameters and directions.
Response surface approach to minimize the residual stresses in full penetration pulsed TIG weldments of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn alloy
Authors: Khan FN , Junaid Massab , Baig MN , Haider J
Published: August 2018

Pulsation of current in tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is employed to obtain good quality weldments. Peak current, background current, and welding speed in TIG welding are important parameters and their effects on the induced residual stresses are studied using Box–Behnken design methodology. The location of maximum residual stress was found to be close to the weld centerline. Longitudinal and transverse residual stresses at this location were found to be dependent on the pulsed TIG welding input parameters. However, using design of experiment approach, welding speed was found to have the most dominant influence on the stress values. In order to minimize the residual stresses, a reduction in heat input also led to reduction of weld pool penetration. The results of multiresponse optimization showed that in order to achieve a full penetration weldment, a minimum value of 235 MPa for longitudinal and 84 MPa for transverse residual stress will be attained. A weldment with these features can be obtained by using a high value of peak current and a high value of welding speed.
Error estimation and sensitivity analysis of the 3-UPU translational parallel robot due to design parameter uncertainties
Authors: El Hraiech S , Chebbi AH , Affi Z , Romdhane L
Published: August 2018

This work deals with the estimation and the sensitivity analysis of the 3-UPU parallel robot error. Based on the Newton–Euler formalism, the robot dynamic model is given in a closed form. This model is validated by the software ADAMS. Using the interval analysis method, a new algorithm is proposed, which estimates the errors in the motion of the end-effector and the errors in the actuator forces as a function of the design parameters uncertainties. The obtained results show that the kinematic errors are minimal at the workspace center. Moreover, these errors increase as the platform moves along the vertical axis. It is also shown that kinematic errors in the actuator joints are the most influential parameters on the manipulator accuracy. Therefore, using actuators with a higher accuracy can highly reduce the errors in motion of the platform.
Atomic force microscopic measurement of a used cylinder liner for prediction of boundary friction
Authors: Bewsher Stephen Richard , Leighton M , Mohammadpour Mahdi , Rahnejat Homer , Offner Guenter , Knaus Oliver
Published: August 2018

Accurate simulation performs a crucial role in the design and development of new modern internal combustion engines. In the case of piston rings, simulations are used to effectively predict generated friction and power loss of proposed designs. These are consequences of viscous shear of a thin lubricant film, likewise boundary friction caused by direct interaction of piston rings with the cylinder liner/bore surface. The most commonly used model for determining boundary friction is that of Greenwood and Tripp. The model requires the pressure coefficient of boundary shear strength of asperities from the softer of the contacting surfaces as an input. This parameter needs to be measured. The paper describes the process of measurement using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), both for a dry surface and that wetted by the presence of a lubricant layer. For realistic results, the investigated specimen is a used, tested engine cylinder liner where boundary active lubricant additives are bonded to its surface as well as combustion products. This approach is as opposed to the previously reported works using new flat surfaces with base oil or partially formulated lubricants and has not been previously reported in the literature. The results show that for used cylinder liners, the measured boundary shear strength of asperities varies according to location along the stroke. Results are reported for the top dead centre, mid-stroke and bottom dead centre locations. The measurements are subsequently used with two-dimensional Reynolds solution for a top compression ring-liner contact, where it is found that accurate localised predictions of generated friction and power loss can be made instead of the usual average value approach reported in the literature.
Effect of wind barriers on the flow field and aerodynamic forces of a train–bridge system
Authors: He Xuhui , Zhou Lei , Chen Zhengwei , Jing Haiquan , Zou Yunfeng , Wu Teng
Published: August 2018

This paper investigates the effect of a wind barrier on the aerodynamic performance of a train–bridge system under crosswind using a numerical simulation method. The studied bridge is a long-span cable-stayed bridge with a flat steel box girder, located in Chongqing, China. The flow field around the train–bridge system with and without a wind barrier is numerically simulated. Wind barrier porosities varying from 10 to 60% are evaluated. The tricomponent coefficients of the train, bridge, and train–bridge system are obtained and investigated in detail. The effect of the wind barrier on the aerodynamics of the train–bridge system is revealed through the determination of the aerodynamic forces, pressure mapping, and flow visualization. The results show that a wind barrier successfully decreases the mean velocity above the girder and consequently decreases the drag force and moment on the train; however, the wind barrier also significantly increases the drag force on the girder. Therefore, installation of a wind barrier improves the running safety of the train but is detrimental to the wind resistance of the bridge. Additionally, the efficiency of the wind barrier depends on the porosity. A lower porosity improves the train safety but is more detrimental to the bridge safety. An optimal wind barrier porosity of 30% is obtained based on the aerodynamic forces of both the train and the bridge. Compared to a train–bridge system without a wind barrier, the drag force and moment on the train decrease by 66.1 and 62.9%, respectively; the drag force on the bridge girder increases to 0.86, and the drag force on the train–bridge system equals that without the wind barrier.
Design of hypersonic forebody with submerged bump
Authors: Saheby Eiman B , Guoping Huang , Hays Anthony
Published: August 2018

A double shock waverider forebody configuration, with curved surfaces and known pressure fields and shock arrays, is constructed by a stream-tracing approach. The compression surface consists of a wedge and conical shocks. The conical shock results from a modified wave-derived bump surface that diverts the boundary layer before the inlet entrance. The design is fully computational fluid dynamics based and emphasis is placed on the compact design with boundary layer diverting ability. Controlling or diverting the thick boundary layer safely is a difficult challenge in hypersonic flight vehicle design especially when the inlets are highly integrated with the fuselage. Numerical simulations show that the new combination can divert a significant fraction of boundary layer before the inlet and maintains a good compression ratio for propulsion efficiency at Mach 5.0. Effects of forebody aerodynamics on the integrated inlet and comparisons with other systems are described in this paper.
Parametric effect of vibrational drilling on osteonecrosis and comparative histopathology study with conventional drilling of cortical bone
Authors: Singh Gurmeet , Jain Vivek , Gupta Dheeraj , Sharma Abhimanyu
Published: August 2018

Drilling to the bones is required to re-fix them at their appropriate location using the implants. During drilling some thermal and mechanical losses may be faced by the bone and surrounding tissues which may lead to the serious issue in terms of osteonecrosis. Osteonecrosis is one of the reasons for impaired healing process for the fractured bone and causes further complications like low pullout strength of cortical screws and bone crush. In order to maintain the low temperature during bone drilling, this study focused the thermal damages observed by the bone and its surrounding during bone drilling and compared the results of conventional and vibrational drilling techniques. Parametric optimization under the influence of vibrations was also studied. Drilling has been done with the both drilling technique, and results were recorded in terms of temperature raise. Optimal solution for drilling the bone has been accessed using Taguchi optimization technique. The morphological comparison has been done for conventional and vibrational drilled holes using histopathology of drilled bones sections. From Taguchi optimization, it was observed that R1F1A1 is the parametric combination which gives minimum thermal injury to the bone in case of vibrational bone drilling. Analysis of variance cleared that the all parameters involved significantly affect the results (P ≤ 0.05). Rotational speed was found to be the most influential factor among the all with 80.53%. Histopathology studies of bone specimens help to understand how heat generation affects the bone morphology during drilling. The specimens drilled with vibrational drilling show less damage in terms of osteonecrosis near the drill site which shows the significance of vibrational drilling in case of orthopedic surgeries. The raise in temperature during drilling is collective result of different drilling parameters. Vibrational drilling was observed a helping tool to control the thermal damage in bone drilling.
An imbalance in the T-helper phenotypes displayed by senescent CD4+CD28null T cells is associated with erosive arthritis (rhupus syndrome) in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Lozada-Navarro A C , Castillo-Martínez D , Moreno-Ramírez M , Acosta-Peña G , Páez A , Massó F , Márquez-Velasco R , Amezcua-Guerra L M
Published: August 2018

Objective

The objective was to assess the proportion of Th1, Th2 and Th17 phenotypes in senescent CD4+CD28null cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its association with the pattern of joint involvement.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was performed in SLE patients with erosive arthritis (rhupus) or nondeforming, nonerosive arthritis. Total CD4+CD28null cells as well as the proportion of these cells expressing T-bet, GATA3 or RORγt were analyzed by color-flow cytometry. Serum osteopontin levels were measured by ELISA.

Results

Eighteen SLE patients (nine with rhupus and nine with nonerosive arthritis) were studied. The percentage of CD4+CD28null/CD4+ cells (17.7%, 10.3–25.0% versus 9.4%, 8.1–22.4%; P = 0.386) as well as the osteopontin levels (5800, 5,134–5995 pg/ml versus 5578, 5171–5717 pg/ml; P > 0.05) were similar in both groups. A higher percentage of CD4+CD28nullT-bet+ cells (42.8%, 33.5–53.4% versus 30.0%, 23.3–34.2%) but a lower percentage of CD4+CD28nullGATA3+ cells (3.1%, 1.7–5.6% versus 6.2%, 2.6–18.4%) was observed in patients with rhupus than in their counterparts ( P = 0.016). The frequency of CD4+CD28nullRORγt+ cells was similar between groups.

Conclusions

In patients with rhupus, senescent CD4+CD28null cells are preferentially polarized to a Th1 phenotype, whereas this is partial towards Th2 in lupus patients with a nonerosive arthritis pattern.
Book Review: P. Singh. 2015. How Solidarity Works for Welfare: Subnationalism and Social Development in India
Authors: Kumar Vikash
Published: August 2018

P. Singh. 2015. How Solidarity Works for Welfare: Subnationalism and Social Development in India. New Delhi: Cambridge University Press, pp. xv + 304, Price: ₹473. ISBN: 9781316633892.
What Can We Learn from Global and Regional Rankings of Countries?
Authors: Aytug Huseyin , Law Siong Hook , Singh Nirvikar
Published: August 2018

We use principal component analysis (PCA) to extract the essential information contained in 10 different country rankings, measuring different country characteristics such as GDP per capita, human development, quality of governance, environmental quality and business environment. Globally, the first principal component accounts for about 82 per cent of the variation across countries, and the first three principal components account for over 92 per cent. The percentages are similar for regions such as Europe, North America and Asia, but lower for South America and Africa, but even in the last of these regions, the first three principal components account for 86 per cent of the variation. Excluding GDP per capita does not change our results appreciably. The analysis suggests that various different indices may add relatively little new information to more basic measures of development. Regional comparisons suggest that Asia’s economic structures, as implied by the rankings, may be closer to those of Europe and North America than South America and Africa.

JEL Codes: C38, O1, O57
Structural Change and Economic Growth across Major States of India
Authors: Thind Monica , Singh Lakhwinder
Published: August 2018

The structural change in an economy is an important feature of the economic development process. Structural change becomes a potential source of growth in an economy as it induces reallocation of labour from low-productivity to high-productivity sectors, thus leading to fuller and better utilization of overall resources. This article studies the relationship between structural change and growth in 15 major states of India over the 30-year period from 1983–1984 to 2014–2015. The study aims at discovering whether structural changes have contributed to economic growth of these states or otherwise. This is achieved by decomposing the overall labour productivity growth of states into contribution by structural change and within sector change. The results show that in all the states under study structural changes have contributed positively to growth; however, contribution of within sector changes is found to be much more than structural change in all states except Maharashtra.
Socio-cultural Adjustment Experiences of International Students in Chinese Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Tsegay Samson Maekele , Zegergish Mulugeta Zemuy , Ashraf Muhammad Azeem
Published: August 2018

Using qualitative research methods, this study explores international students’ socio-cultural adjustment experiences in Chinese Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The study indicates that many international students in China are facing linguistic and cultural challenges. They have limited interaction with Chinese students and the local people, which results in shallow socio-cultural understanding of China and its people. Although they are inadequate, Chinese HEIs are tackling these challenges by providing various supporting mechanisms such as offering introductory Chinese language course/s, organizing orientation programmes and partnering international and Chinese students. The study helps (Chinese) HEIs to enhance their services to international students and boost students’ experiences.
National Innovation System of India: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Mehta Swati
Published: August 2018

The present article aims to analyse empirically the national innovation system (NIS) of India. Specifically, the objectives were to (a) examine the different innovation-related input and output variables that reflect the structure of NIS over the years, and (b) examine the factors determining NIS. However, it was very difficult to identify the variables that could reflect the NIS of the country. Individual indicators of innovation, both from input and output side, are largely inconclusive. However, relatively more reflective indicators were chosen for the period 1980–2012. It was found that although India’s GDP has increased over the years, but its share in total world’s GDP was very meagre. Further, it was also found that as compared to major developed and comparable emerging economies, India lagged behind in both innovation inputs variables like expenditure on R&D and S&T manpower; and innovation output indicators like patents, proportion of high-tech manufacturing exports, etc. Further, for the second objective of the article concerning the determinants of NIS, a modified version of the Crepon, Duguet and Mairesse (CDM) model (1998) was used. The estimation using three-stage least square (3SLS) estimator for simultaneous equations shows that expenditure on R&D by government, stock of science and technology personnel, world’s stock of patents and openness index have positive impact on innovation performance indicators. Therefore, policies should be framed in a manner that they emphasize more on innovation inputs like expenditure on R&D and building human capital in the form of S&T personnel.
Procedural fairness in workplace investigations: Potential flaws and proposals for change
Authors: Ballard Allison , Easteal Patricia
Published: August 2018

In this article, we look at how procedural fairness in workplace investigations into allegations of workplace misconduct may be problematic. Through an analysis of some case law and the survey findings from five experienced investigators, we examine how the process can be flawed by a lack of fairness, neutrality and timeliness. Having then looked at the costs of flawed investigations, the article concludes with suggestions from the Court and those at the coalface on how best to ensure procedural fairness occurs.
Class actions: The flood that never came
Authors: Barda David
Published: August 2018

After 25 years of class actions in Australia, it is worth reviewing whether the predictions made – that part IVA of the Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 would result in an Americanised litigious culture and a flood of spurious claims – came to pass. This article argues that the flood was more of a trickle and that Australia's unique combination of cost shifting rules, contingency fees and judicial supervision have mitigated against the deluge. It takes the position that Australia has struck the right balance between access to justice and protection against vexatious or unmeritorious claims.
The road ahead: Driver’s licensing and the over-incarceration of Aboriginal peoples in Western Australia
Authors: McGaughey Fiona , Pasca Teodora , Millman Sarah
Published: August 2018

Western Australia is the Australian state with the highest incarceration rates of Aboriginal people. This article examines the laws and policies governing driving offences, driver’s licensing, and fines in Western Australia and their implications for Aboriginal people. The Aboriginal rate of imprisonment for licensing offences in Western Australia is significantly higher than the rate for non-Aboriginal people, with the overrepresentation being particularly stark within regional areas. Geographical, cultural, financial, and social barriers inhibit the accessibility of driver’s licensing services for Aboriginal people, while an acute need to drive in Aboriginal communities can lead to unlicensed driving. As a result, Aboriginal people are imprisoned for unlicensed or disqualified driving or fine defaults, with harmful impacts on Aboriginal communities. The article makes recommendations for law reform, to be considered in consultation with Aboriginal communities in adherence with Australia’s obligations regarding self-determination, consultation, representation and consent in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
Refugee family reunion: What might have been
Authors: Taylor Savitri
Published: August 2018

This article demonstrates that many refugees in Australia are deliberately denied a realistic prospect of achieving family reunion. It then explains why, in cases not involving child refugees in Australia, Australia has significant room to deny any international obligation to enable refugee family reunion. Finally, it discusses what might have been, if international legal history had played out a little differently.
The association between post-traumatic stress disorder and coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Akosile Wole , Colquhoun David , Young Ross , Lawford Bruce , Voisey Joanne
Published: August 2018

Objectives:

There are some psychosocial factors that have similar importance to biological factors in the genesis of coronary diseases. However, reasons for high rates of coronary heart disease in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are yet to be fully elucidated. Using a meta-analysis, we investigated the longitudinal relationship between PTSD and coronary heart disease (CHD) as an independent factor in the aetiology of CHD.

Methods:

The databases of Medline, EBSCOhost and Psychoinfo were electronically searched for relevant articles.

Results:

The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for the magnitude of the relationship between PTSD and CHD was an HR of 1.61, and p-value of p < 0.0005, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.46–1.77] before adjustment for depression in nine studies ( N = 151,144) that met inclusion criteria. The HR estimates for the seven depression-adjusted estimates was 1.46, and a p-value of p < 0.0005, 95% CI[0.26–1.69].

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates an association between CHD and PTSD.
Researching and Designing Health Care Environments: A Systematized Review of Creative Research Methods
Authors: Jellema Pleuntje , Annemans Margo , Heylighen Ann
Published: August 2018

In research and design, Creative Research Methods (CRMs) are useful to gain insight into user perspectives. Reviews suggest that CRMs offer potential to engage people, yet little detail is available regarding their use in relation to built health care environments. Consider environments for cancer care, where patients are confronted with particular physical and emotional challenges. This review aims to synthesize what is known from existing literature about CRMs exploring user experience when researching and designing (cancer) care environments. Based on 16 items, we evaluate the potential of CRMs, offering insight into why, how, where, and when they are employed. Generally little consideration is shown for participants’ abilities and limitations. Our analysis further emphasizes the importance of reflecting on visual methods, and the need to report research approaches transparently including where CRMs are used. A sophisticated research approach can leverage CRMs’ potential to study experience and carry artifacts forward to inform design(ers).
Gamification in Management: Between Choice Architecture and Humanistic Design
Authors: Deterding Sebastian
Published: August 2018

Gamification in management is currently informed by two contradicting framings or rhetorics: the rhetoric of choice architecture casts humans as rational actors and games as perfect information and incentive dispensers, giving managers fine-grained control over people’s behavior. It aligns with basic tenets of neoclassical economics, scientific management, operations research/management science, and current big data-driven decision making. In contrast, the rhetoric of humanistic design casts humans as growth-oriented and games as environments optimally designed to afford positive, meaningful experiences. This view, fitting humanistic management ideas and the rise of design and customer experience, casts managers as “second order” designers. While both rhetorics highlight important aspects of games and management, the former is more likely to be adopted and absorbed into business as usual, whereas the latter holds more uncertainty, but also transformative potential.
Damage-mitigating control of hypersonic flight vehicle based on prescribed performance
Authors: Ying Junyu , Wang Yuhui , Mu Jinzhen , Zhang Xiaohui
Published: August 2018

The goal of damage-mitigating control is to enhance the service life of complex mechanical systems without any significant performance loss. A prescribed performance damage-mitigating controller is designed in this paper to mitigate the damage during longitudinal tracking control of a generic hypersonic flight vehicle. Based on the analysis of stress conditions of wing and construction of damage accumulation model, a hierarchical damage-mitigating controller is designed using prescribed performance which ensures the robustness of performance even after damage-mitigation. Simulation results are presented to show that after damage information feedback, the dynamic performance of the flight is maintained and the damage accumulation is vastly reduced.
Within- and Between-Team Coordination via Transactive Memory Systems and Boundary Spanning
Authors: Olabisi Joy , Lewis Kyle
Published: August 2018

In this article, we suggest that the transactive memory system (TMS) and boundary-spanning literatures are useful for understanding how individuals in team-based collectives can be structured to improve within- and between-team coordination. We argue that such coordination can be facilitated—or thwarted—by boundary-spanning behaviors and patterns of knowledge exchange within and between teams. Our theorizing explains how an existing team TMS can offset the within-team coordination burdens typically associated with boundary spanning and we offer predictions about how these factors interrelate to affect TMS and coordination over time. Finally, our theory underscores significant implications and provides insights for how management practices might improve coordination within and between teams.
Team Performance Archetypes: Toward a New Conceptualization of Team Performance Over Time
Authors: Quigley Narda R. , Collins Catherine G. , Gibson Cristina B. , Parker Sharon K.
Published: August 2018

We examine the concept of team performance and propose a framework to understand patterns of change over time. Following a literature review on team performance (focusing on empirical articles published between 2007 and 2017) and drawing on Greek and Roman mythology, we identify five team performance trajectories: “Jupiter” (consistently high performing), “Neptune” (relatively steady, average performance), “Pluto” (low performing), “Icarus” (initially high performing, with a downward spiral), and “Odysseus” (initially low to midrange performing, with an upward spiral), which we refer to as “team performance archetypes.” We discuss how they might be used in conjunction with growth modeling methodology to help facilitate theory building and data collection/analysis with respect to team performance. In addition, we discuss the future research implications associated with using the archetypes to help conceptualize patterns of team performance over time.
Heterotopic Respiratory Mucosa in the Rectum: An Unusual Type and Site of Heterotopia in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Bsirini Caroline , Tirumanisetty Pratyusha , Dytoc Joseph N. , Agostini-Vulaj Diana , Steevens Christopher , Ullah Asad , Huber Aaron R.
Published: August 2018

Although pancreatic and gastric heterotopias are common findings in the gastrointestinal tract, heterotopic respiratory mucosa (HRM) in the rectum is extremely rare and has only been reported twice previously. We are presenting, to our knowledge, the third case of HRM in the rectum. A 56-year-old man with a history of chronic diarrhea presented for diagnostic colonoscopy, where he was found to have a rectal subepithelial nodule. He was subsequently referred to a tertiary medical center for further evaluation with rectal endoscopic ultrasound. Endoscopically, the nodule was hypoechoic, 2 to 3 mm in size, located in the submucosa, and did not appear to invade the muscularis propria. An uncomplicated endoscopic submucosal resection was subsequently performed. Microscopically, the nodule showed a multicystic complex lesion located in the submucosa, lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium and surrounded by thin to moderately thick smooth muscle bundles and multiple lobules of seromucinous glands. There was associated acute and chronic inflammation. The rectum overlying the subepithelial lesion was lined by congested and edematous colonic mucosa and demonstrated no connection with the underlying cystic lesion. Immunohistochemical stains showed positive p63 basal cell staining in the respiratory epithelium of the lesion, while CDX2, TTF-1, and estrogen receptors were all negative. HRM is a benign nonneoplastic lesion with unclear etiology. Pathologists and gastroenterologists should be aware of this entity and consider it in their differential diagnosis for a subepithelial nodule in the rectum, keeping in mind that neoplastic processes can also develop in this location.
Amino Acid Profile of Synovial Fluid Following Intra-articular Ankle Fracture
Authors: Leimer Elizabeth M. , Tanenbaum Laura M. , Nettles Dana L. , Bell Richard D. , Easley Mark E. , Setton Lori A. , Adams Samuel B.
Published: August 2018

Background:

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a frequent complication in patients with a previous traumatic joint injury, and the pathophysiology is not well understood. The goal of this study was to characterize the biochemical signature of amino acids, peptides, and amino acid metabolites in ankle synovial fluid following intra-articular fracture.

Methods:

Synovial fluid from both the injured and contralateral ankles of 19 patients with an intra-articular ankle fracture was obtained and analyzed via metabolic profiling. Follow-up analysis was performed after 6 months in 7 of these patients.

Results:

Statistical comparisons between injured and contralateral ankles revealed that 19 of the 66 measured amino acids, peptides, and amino acid metabolites were significantly elevated at time of fracture. Metabolites associated with glutathione metabolism exhibited the most elevated mean-fold changes, indicating a possible role for oxidative stress in fractured ankles. None of the metabolites elevated at baseline were significantly elevated after 6 months, but 6 metabolites had mean-fold changes greater than 2.1 at this time point. Multiple metabolites also exhibited significant correlations ( r > 0.575) with matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -9.

Conclusion:

These results indicate the presence of amino acid metabolic products in the setting of ankle fracture and suggest that these changes in amino acid metabolism may be chronic and indicate a role for inflammation and collagen degradation in disease progression.

Clinical Relevance:

Changes in amino acid metabolism following intra-articular fracture may contribute to the progression to PTOA. This knowledge may allow for the identification and early treatment of patients at risk of developing PTOA.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative series.
Application of high hydrostatic pressure on Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) pâté: Microbiological, physicochemical and consumer acceptance
Authors: Ragazzo-Sánchez JA , Gutiérrez-Sánchez Q , Ramírez-de-León JA , Ortiz-Basurto RI , Calderón-Santoyo M
Published: August 2018

The locally elaborated shrimp pâté is highly susceptible to microbial spoilage and deterioration during storage due to its content in nutrients. These conditions limit its commercialization in a larger scale. High hydrostatic pressure is an alternative to heat treatments technology used to inactivate microorganisms. The aim of this project was to evaluate the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on quality parameters and microbiological stability of Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei) pâté during storage. Shrimp pâté was pressurized to 400, 500 and 600 MPa for 90 and 180 s. Samples were analysed for physicochemical, microbiological and flavour profile up to 21 days of storage at 4 ℃. A hedonic test was made to evaluate the acceptance of pâté. No microorganisms were detected at 600 MPa for 180 s and a shelf life of 14 days was reached. No relevant changes in pH or colour of pressurized samples were detected; flavour profile did not show any changes after being pressurized or during storage. Shrimp pâté treated with 600 MPa for 180 s presented good sensory acceptance. High hydrostatic pressure treatments could improve microbiological quality of shrimp pâté without a sensible modification of the physicochemical and sensorial qualities of this product.
Evaluation of antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of kojic acid against five food-related bacteria and related subcellular mechanisms of bacterial inactivation
Authors: Wu Yu , Shi Yu-gang , Zeng Lu-yao , Pan Ying , Huang Xin-ying , Bian Li-qing , Zhu Yun-jie , Zhang Run-run , Zhang Juan
Published: August 2018

Although the antimicrobial properties of kojic acid have been recognized, the subcellular mechanism of bacterial inactivation caused by it has never been clearly elucidated. In the present study, the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of kojic acid was evaluated against five foodborne pathogens including Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. The antibacterial activity was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and the time-kill assay. Among them, the susceptibility of Escherichia coli was significant with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values of 10 and 20 mM, respectively. Subcellular mechanism of bacterial inactivation related to kojic acid was revealed through comprehensive factors including cell morphology, membrane permeability, K+ leakage, zeta potential, intracellular enzyme, and DNA assay. Results demonstrated that bacterial inactivation caused by kojic acid, especially for Gram-negative bacteria, was primarily induced by the pronounced damage to the cell membrane integrity. Leakage of intracellular enzyme to the supernatants implied that the cell membrane permeability was compromised. Consequently, the release of K+ from the cytosol leads to the alterations of the zeta potential of cells, which would disturb the subcellular localization of some proteins and thereby cause the bacterial inactivation. The free −CH2OH group at the C-2 of kojic acid could play more significant role in the antimicrobial performance of kojic acid against Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, remarkable interaction with DNA was also observed. Kojic acid at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration inhibited biofilm formation by these bacteria.
Parboiling of sorghum grains as a strategy to improve endosperm yield and mineral content of refined flours
Authors: Galán María Gimena , Drago SR
Published: August 2018

The aims were (i) to optimize the parboiling/decorticating process by assessing the effects of parboiling soaking temperature (60–80 ℃) and pearling time (4–6 min and 5.5–9.5 min for red and white sorghum) on endosperm yield and ash content, to obtain pregelatinized refined flours from parboiling sorghum (RF-PS) and (ii) to evaluate the final content of selected nutrients in RF-PS obtained in these optimal conditions. Endosperm yield decreased with the increase of pearling time, and a maximum around 70 ℃ soaking temperature was observed. Ash content decreased with increasing soaking temperature and pearling time. The optimal conditions of soaking temperature–pearling time were 73.3 ℃–4.8 min for red sorghum and 67.9 ℃–8.6 min for white sorghum, considering maximum endosperm yield and ash content lower than 0.65 g/100 g. In RF-PS obtained under optimal conditions, protein, lipid, Cu, and free polyphenols were higher in red sorghum than white sorghum (10.16 ± 0.62 vs. 9.42 ± 0.61 g/100 g, 0.89 ± 0.16 vs. 0.62 ± 0.11 g/100 g, 2.08 ± 0.21 vs. 1.88 ± 0.20 mg/kg, 79.51 ± 14.51 vs. 63.82 ± 4.33 mg/100 g). Fe, Zn, Ca, and Na were higher in white sorghum than red sorghum (20.61 ± 2.92 vs. 17.56 ± 0.98 mg/kg, 11.94 ± 0.84 vs. 9.58 ± 1.65 mg/kg, 87.45 ± 12.91 vs. 75.31 ± 12.57 mg/kg, 129.62 ± 9.03 vs. 102.69 ± 28.34 mg/kg). No difference was observed in the contents of ash, Mg, and K. It was possible to improve endosperm yield using a parboiling process prior to decortication. In addition, this process contributes to increase the mineral content in RF-PS.
Renewing America’s Infrastructure: An Agenda for Federal Transportation and Water Policy
Authors: Knopman Debra , Wachs Martin , Miller Benjamin , Davis Scott , Pfrommer Katherine
Published: August 2018

Federal infrastructure investment is receiving a great deal of attention, largely about money: how to finance capital investment, operations, and maintenance. Less discussed but very important is modernizing federal policy to support the mature and urban-centered economy of the United States—rather than the economy it had when most of the terms of federal engagement were set. This article summarizes a RAND Corporation report which addresses recent trends in infrastructure spending and finance and proposes improvements in federal infrastructure policy. We argue for modernizing federal policies related to funding, finance, and project selection. Modernization should recognize the centrality of regional initiatives that transcend local government and state boundaries and should encourage different types of financing—public, private, and public–private partnerships. Poorly targeted investment comes from poorly designed policy. Inadequate maintenance often is a symptom of failure of management and governance. More money will help, but it is not nearly enough.
What Factors Influence Whether Homicide Cases Are Solved? Insights From Qualitative Research With Detectives in Great Britain and the United States
Authors: Brookman Fiona , Maguire Edward R. , Maguire Mike
Published: August 2018

A growing body of research examines factors that influence the likelihood of solving homicide cases. Much of this research emanates from North America and is based on quantitative analysis of police data. This article explores the views of homicide detectives, complemented by observations of investigations, in both Great Britain and the United States, regarding factors that affect the chances of solving homicides. Although we find some important differences between nations, the qualitative evidence suggests that the likelihood of solving even the most challenging homicide cases in both nations can be influenced by police agency at the individual and strategic level.
Viscoelastic behaviour investigation and new developed laboratory slamming test on foam core sandwich
Authors: Alila Fahmi , Fajoui Jamal , Gerard Raphael , Casari Pascal , Kchaou Mohamed , Jacquemin Frederic
Published: August 2018

In the first part of this paper, a viscoelastic model is used to numerically study the cellular foam core fatigue behaviour. Material’s temperature evolution is quantified with a numerical/experimental confrontation. In the second part, the slamming phenomenon is discussed by measuring the panel flexural strain on a racing sailboat during navigation. Making use of these results, a new slamming test rig was developed to evaluate the fatigue of sandwich structure under realistic loading. Four-point bending and slamming tests were performed on sandwich beams in order to compare their fatigue life and to discuss the physical parameters.
Safety and tolerability of lifitegrast ophthalmic solution 5.0%: Pooled analysis of five randomized controlled trials in dry eye disease
Authors: Nichols Kelly K , Donnenfeld Eric D , Karpecki Paul M , Hovanesian John A , Raychaudhuri Aparna , Shojaei Amir , Zhang Steven
Published: August 2018

Purpose:

Characterize the safety and tolerability of lifitegrast ophthalmic solution 5.0% for the treatment of dry eye disease.

Methods:

Pooled data from five randomized controlled trials were analyzed. Key inclusion criteria were adults with dry eye disease (Schirmer tear test score ⩾1 and ⩽10 mm, eye dryness score ⩾40 (visual analog scale 0–100), corneal staining score ⩾2.0 (0–4 scale)). Participants were randomized to lifitegrast ophthalmic solution 5.0% or placebo twice daily for 84 or 360 days. Treatment-emergent adverse events and drop comfort scores were assessed.

Results:

Overall, 2464 participants (lifitegrast, n = 1287; placebo, n = 1177) were included. Ocular treatment-emergent adverse events occurring in >5% in either group were instillation site irritation (lifitegrast, 15.2%; placebo, 2.8%), instillation site reaction (lifitegrast, 12.3%; placebo, 2.3%), and instillation site pain (lifitegrast, 9.8%; placebo, 2.1%); the most common (> 5%) nonocular treatment-emergent adverse event was dysgeusia (lifitegrast, 14.5%; placebo, 0.3%). The majority of treatment-emergent adverse events were mild to moderate in severity. Discontinuation due to treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 7.0% (lifitegrast) versus 2.6% (placebo) of participants (ocular: 5.5% vs 1.5%; nonocular: 1.9% vs 1.1%). Drop comfort scores with lifitegrast improved within 3 min of instillation and the score at 3 min improved across visits (12-week trials (both eyes, day 84 vs 0): 2.0 vs 3.3; SONATA (day 360 vs 0): right eye, 1.2 vs 1.7; left eye, 1.2 vs 1.8).

Conclusion:

Lifitegrast ophthalmic solution 5.0% appeared to be safe and well tolerated for the treatment of dry eye disease. Drop comfort with lifitegrast improved within 3 min of instillation.