bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biochemistry, Not Oncogenes, may Demystify and Defeat Cancer
Authors: Kulsh Jay
Published: December 2021

The presence of mutated genes strongly correlates with the incidence of cancer. Decades of research, however, has not yielded any specific causative gene or set of genes for the vast majority of cancers. The Cancer Genome Atlas program was supposed to provide clarity but it only gave much more data without any accompanying insight into how the disease begins and progresses. It may be time to notice that epidemiological studies consistently show that the environment, not genes, has the principal role in causing cancer. Since carcinogenic chemicals in our food, drink, air and water are the primary culprits, we need to look at the biochemistry of cancer, with a focus on enzymes which invariably facilitate transformations in a cell. In particular, attention should be paid to the rate-limiting enzyme in DNA synthesis, ribonucleotide reductase (RnR) whose activity is tightly linked to tumor growth. Besides circumstantial evidence that cancer is induced at this enzyme’s vulnerable free-radical-containing active-site by various carcinogens, its role in initiating retinoblastoma and HPV-related cervical cancers is well documented. Blocking the activity of malignant RnR is a certain way to arrest cancer.
Models That Link and Suggest Data about Elementary Particles, Dark Matter, and the Cosmos
Authors: Buckholtz Thomas J.
Published: December 2021

We suggest progress regarding the following six physics opportunities. List all elementary particles. Describe dark matter. Explain ratios of dark matter to ordinary matter. Explain eras in the history of the universe. Link properties of objects. Interrelate physics models. We use models based on Diophantine equations.
Sums Over Primes II
Authors: Li Rusen
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we give explicit asymptotic formulas for some sums over primes involving generalized alternating hyperharmonic numbers of types I, II and III. Analogous results for numbers with $k$-prime factors will also be considered.
Determinants of Smallholder Households’ Resilience to Livelihood Insecurity in Goncha District, Northwest Highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Debie Ermias , Ayele Amare Wubishet
Published: December 2021

Poor households are more likely less resilient under climate change, risks of productive assets, social-related shocks, and decline of land productivity. The ability to deal with household resilience against poverty under the uncertain condition of risk is limited in the highlands of Ethiopia. The study aims to identify determinants of household resilience to livelihood insecurity under the crop-livestock mixed farming systems in Goncha district, Northwest highlands of Ethiopia. Primary data were collected by conducting face-to-face interviews among 280 households using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis test and structural equation modeling were used to analyse the data. The results disclosed that sustainable management of the farming systems, cultivation of more fertile farmland, saving performance, diversification of income-earning activities, intensification of livestock husbandry practices, access to irrigation, and familiarity with practical technologies were found to be significant determinants at p<0.001 to household resilience of smallholder farmers. Social network development and tree plantation were explained household resilience to livelihood insecurity at P<0.01 and P<0.1 significant levels, respectively. The study concluded that scaling up sustainable management of the farming system and practical technologies, enhancing saving behavior, promoting income diversification, and intensifying agroforestry are significant for household resilience to livelihood insecurity of smallholders across agro-ecologies.
The use of soil biostructures created by soil fauna ecosystem engineers fed with different organic matterials as inoculum source of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi on cocoa seedling
Authors: Kilowasid Laode Muhammad Harjoni , Sanjaya Muhammad Fahyu , Sabaruddin Laode , Hasid Rachmawati , Sulaeman Darwis , Nurmas Andi
Published: December 2021

Soil fauna as ecosystem engineers have the ability to create soil biostructures, with the capacity to save arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores. This study therefore aims to investigate the AMF spore density in the biostructures created by cooperation between earthworms and ants with a different organic matter composition, and to analyze the biostructures’ potential as a source of AMF inoculum on cocoa seedlings. In the first experiment, a combination of earthworms and ants composition, as well as a mixture of G. sepium leaf (GLP), cocoa shell bean (CSB), and sago dregs (SD), was tested. Meanwhile, in the second experiment, the effect of biostructures on cocoa seedlings grown in unsterile soil,was examined. According to the results, the highest AMF spore density was obtained using 20 earthworms+10 ants with 50%GLP+50%CSB + 0%SD treatment. Furthermore, the total AMF spores were positively correlated with the total P value, but negatively correlated with the C/N ratio. Therefore, biostructure application increased AMF spores number in rhizosphere and the cocoa seedling’s root infection. Furthermore, biostructures resulting from the collaborative activity between different soil fauna ecosystem engineers were able to transmit AMF spores to infected plant roots growing in non-sterile soil.
SOFTWARE TESTING RESULTS ANALYSIS FOR THE REQUIREMENTS CONFORMITY USING NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Oleksandr Shepeliev , Bilova Mariia
Published: December 2021

The relevance of scientific work lies in the need to improve existing software designed to analyze the compliance of the results of software testing ofthe stated requirements. For the implementation of this goal, neural networks can be used by quality control specialists to make decisions aboutsoftware quality, or project managers as an expert system, for one of the quality indicators for the customer. The article deals with software testingwhich is a process of validation and verification of compliance of the software application or business program with the technical requirements thatguided its design and development, and work as expected, and identifies important errors or deficiencies classified by the severity of the program to befixed. Existing systems do not provide for or have only partial integration of systems of work with the analysis of requirements, which should ensurethe formation of expert assessment and provide an opportunity to justify the quality of the software product. Thus, a data processing model based on afuzzy neural network was proposed. An approach to allow determining the compliance of the developed software with functional and non-functionalrequirements was proposed, taking into account how successfully or unsuccessfully implemented this or that requirement. The ultimate goal ofscientific work is the development of algorithmic software analysis of compliance of software testing results to stated requirements for support in thedecisions taken. The following tasks are solved in scientific work: analysis of advantages and disadvantages of using existing systems when workingwith requirements; definition of general structure and classification of testing and requirements; characteristic main features of the use of neuralnetworks; designing architecture, the module of research of conformity of results of testing software to the stated requirements.
METRICS OF VIRTUAL PROMOTION OF A PRODUCT
Authors: Orekhov Sergey , Malyhon Hennadiy
Published: December 2021

An approach to the mathematical description of the criterion for the effectiveness of a new object of research – virtual promotion is presented in thepaper. The emergence of this new object of research is connected, on the one hand, with the classical theory of marketing, and on the other withmodern Internet technologies. Marketing is based on the 4P principle: product, price, location and promotion. Promotion is a component of thisprinciple. But in modern conditions, this phenomenon is changing under the influence of the Internet. Now this 4P component is becoming a fullyvirtual instrument. The traditional scheme of promotion functioning is as follows. A message is created to a potential buyer and the delivery channel ofthis message undergoes a change. It is based on the principle: money – goods – money. While the new sales scheme is described by the scheme: weattract a client, make money on a client, we spend money. In the new scheme, we deal with product knowledge in the form of the so-called semanticcore of web content. Knowledge describes for a potential client how a given product can cover his need for something. Using the logistic principles ofthe transfer of goods, this semantic core is loaded into the specified Internet nodes. That is, virtual promotion is formed as two channels: logistics andmarketing. The first one performs three operations: concentration, formatting and distribution of semantic cores on the Internet. The second managesthis process, forming a virtual promotion map. This map is a graph of Internet nodes. It is required to define such a tree of Internet nodes so that virtualpromotion has maximum efficiency. The paper analyzes modern metrics related to the processes of search engine optimization on the Internet.Unfortunately, these metrics evaluate only statistically after the fact of visiting a web resource or the budget of the Internet site in which theadvertising message about the product was placed. Therefore, based on the conversion metric, a criterion for the effectiveness of virtual promotion wasproposed in the work, which takes into account both the attractiveness of the semantic core and the attractiveness of the Internet site where thesemantic core will be located. The criterion reflects the income that we receive depending on the attractiveness of the semantic kernel and the Internetsite.
HUMAN BODY MODELING TECHNOLOGIES FOR E-COMMERCE SYSTEMS
Authors: Litvinov Bogdan , Bilova Mariia
Published: December 2021

Relevance of the research work is the analysis of the main features of 3D modeling for further implementation in e-commerce. Namely, the features ofcreating a human body 3D model with the ability to edit personal settings of individual parts of the body, as well as a basic set of clothes to provide amore realistic representation of the model. The features of the 3D model in general were considered in this article. The mathematical analysis of the 3Dgraphics rendering on the 2D monitor and the possibilities of control and editing of such models have been presented. The developed software productallows the user to create an anatomical three-dimensional model of the human body and then adjust it to his needs. The user can apply on createdmodel variety of settings, namely more than 15 different views, with a full package of changes. It is possible to change the size, color of hair,eyebrows, eyes, face, body, legs. Also, the user is able to select the levels of skeletal frame views and additionally can select different backgrounds toprovide a more realistic representation of the model in space. Additional functionality was implemented for more flexible configuration of the model’sface. The user can pre-determine points to select directions or sizes of different parts of the face using settings, displayed on the mouse or touchpadcontrol. After adjustments, the user is able to manage the clothes that he had saved in the shopping cart from the online store, from which he laterproceeded to the online fitting. After the fitting the user can test the creation of animations in 360 degrees of free movement. Finally, the user can go tothe store to pay for the items he left in the shopping cart. Developed software allows improving main metrics of the on-line stores, which has a positiveimpact on increasing the growth of earnings.
MODELING THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPIDEMIS BASED ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES OF OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Nikulina Olena , Severyn Valerii , Naduieva Mariia , Bubnov Anton
Published: December 2021

Mathematical models of the epidemic have been developed and researched to predict the development of the COVID-19 coronavirus epidemic on thebasis of information technology for optimizing complex dynamic systems. Mathematical models of epidemics SIR, SIRS, SEIR, SIS, MSEIR in theform of nonlinear systems of differential equations are considered and the analysis of use of mathematical models for research of development ofepidemic of coronavirus epidemic COVID-19 is carried out. Based on the statistics of the COVID-19 coronavirus epidemic in the Kharkiv region, theinitial values of the parameters of the models of the last wave of the epidemic were calculated. Using these models, the program of the first-degreesystem method from the module of information technology integration methods for solving nonlinear systems of differential equations simulated thedevelopment of the last wave of the epidemic. Simulation shows that the number of healthy people will decrease and the number of infected peoplewill increase. In 12 months, the number of infected people will reach its maximum and then begin to decline. The information technology ofoptimization of dynamic systems is used to identify the parameters of the COVID-19 epidemic models on the basis of statistical data on diseases in theKharkiv region. Using the obtained models, the development of the last wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Kharkiv region was predicted. Theprocesses of epidemic development according to the SIR-model with weakening immunity are given, with the values of the model parameters obtainedas a result of identification. Approximately 13 months after the outbreak of the epidemic, the number of infected people will reach its maximum andthen begin to decline. In 10 months, the entire population of Kharkiv region will be infected. These results will allow us to predict possible options forthe development of the epidemic of coronavirus COVID-19 in the Kharkiv region for the timely implementation of adequate anti-epidemic measures.
CONDITIONS OF MONOTONE APPROXIMATION OF RAMSEY CURVES AND THEIR MODIFICATIONS
Authors: Kurnosenko Daria , Savchuk Volodymyr , Tuluchenko Halyna
Published: December 2021

The algorithm for approximating the experimental data of the Ramsey curve and its modifications has been developed, which provides a monotonic increase of the approximating function in the interval [0;\infty)  and an existence of a given number of inflection points. The Ramsey curve belongs to the family of logistic curves that are widely used in modeling of limited increasing processes in various subject fields. The classical Ramsey curve has two parameters and has a left constant asymmetry. It is also known that its three-parameter modification provides the possibility of displacement along the axes of ordinate. The extensive practical use of the Ramsey curve with both two and more parameters for approximating experimental dependences is restrained by the frequent loss by this curve of the logistic shape when approximating without additional restrictions on the relationships between its parameters. The article discusses modifications of the Ramsey curve with three and five parameters. The first and second derivatives of the studied modifications of the Ramsey function have a special structure. They are products of polynomial and exponential functions. This allows using Sturm's theorem on the number of polynomial roots in a given interval to control the shape of the approximating curve. It has been shown that with an increase in the number of parameters for the modified curve, the number of possible combinations of restrictions on the values of the parameters ensuring the preservation of its like shape increases significantly. The solution to the approximation problem in this case consists of solving a sequence of conditional global optimization problems with different constraints and choosing a solution that provides the smallest approximation error. Also, the studies of the accuracy of estimating the parameters of the Ramsey curve in accordance with the accuracy of the experimental data have been carried out. In order to simulate the presence of measurement errors, the values of a normally distributed random variable with a mathematical expectation equal to zero and different values of the standard deviation for different series of computational experiments were added to the values of the deterministic sequence. Computational experiments have shown a significant sensitivity of the values of the Ramsey function parameters to the measurement accuracy of experimental data.
THE PROGRAM EVALUATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRODUCTIVE SKILL COMPETENCY TEST IN SMK NEGERI 3 SINGARAJA
Authors: Santiyadnya Nyoman
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectivity of the implementation of skill competency test in SMK NEGERI 3 Singaraja. The data in this study was collected by interview, observation, document study and also questionaire. The respondents which were used to collect the data in SMK Negeri 3 Singaraja were the headmaster, vice headmaster and the leader of each skill competency. Meanwhile, to get the data about graduates professionality, the respondents were the students who graduated from SMKN 3 Singaraja in the academic year of 2011/2012. This program evaluation use CIPPO model. The data as the result of interview was collected, then it was reduced to get the conclusion. The result of this study shows that the implementation of skill competency test in SMKN 3 Singaraja viewed from the context, input, process and product has been done well. The graduates professility is in the level of less to really professional.
PROGRAM EVALUATION TOWARD MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN EDUCATION ASPECT AT KUNINGAN REGENCY WEST JAVA
Authors: Subasman Iman
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this evaluation is to find out the effectiveness of implementing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in education aspect at Kuningan Regency, West Java. Evaluation models that is used are Context, Input, Process and Product (CIPP). Data were obtained through interviews, questionnaires and documents. The results of the evaluation on the aspects: (1) context, local governments follow up with local policies, (2) inputs, the implementation of the guidelines does not have a strong force of law, (3) process, increasing the access to school for the people's, and (4) product, increasing enrollment in primary education. Increasing effectiveness can be done with a stronger regional policies, monitoring, coordination of bureaucratic structure, socializing the concept of MDGs to executor and developing people perception on education.
EVALUATION ON REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION INDONESIA IMPLEMENTATION IN FACULTY OF EDUCATION SCIENCES SRIWIJAYA UNIVERSITY PALEMBANG
Authors: Sampoerno Pinta Deniyanti
Published: December 2021

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of PMRI implementation organized by FKIP UNSRI Palembang at two elementary schools in Palembang. It was an evaluation research by Frechtingâ€™s Logic Model and by context component as complementary. Triangulation used as credibility test to check the validity of data. Data source triangulation was done to the PMRI central team, PMRI local team, principals, teachers, and students. Meanwhile, data collection techniques triangulation was gotten from questionnaires, interviews, and document observations. Model analysis applied in this research was qualitative. The result of research gave conclusion that the PMRI implementation by FKIP UNSRI has been quite effective. There were several things that have not been appropriate with PMRI standards i.e. the preparation of teaching materials in SDN 98 did not run optimally because the school used regulated thematic teaching materials by provincial government and some teachers did not use evaluation system with PMRI standards.
HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS ASSESSMENT (HOTS)
Authors: Widana I Wayan
Published: December 2021

This study aims to: 1) provide knowledge and understanding to the teachers about the concept and characteristics of the HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) assessment extensively and deep; and 2) improve the skills of the teachers to develop HOTS assessment. To achieve Reviews These objectives, the research literature sourced from journals, reference books, modules, Internet, and other sources such as the print and electronic media that are relevant to the topic HOTS development assessment. Data collected by documentation and observation techniques. The research of data were Analyzed using descriptive exploratory methods. The results of the data analysis are as follows: 1) HOTS assessments are questions or tasks that have Reviews These characteristics: to assess students abilities to analyze, Evaluate, and create based on contextual issues, and are not routine (not familiar); 2) steps compose HOTS items are: a) analyze the KD that can be created HOTS items, b) arrange the blueprint of HOTS items, c) write down the items on the card matter, d) Determine the answer key (multiple choice questions form) or arrange rubric / scoring guidelines (essay form), e) perform qualitative analysis, and f) perform quantitative analysis; 3) the advantage of HOTS assessments are: a) Increase the stundents motivation to learn and b) improve learning outcomes. and f) perform quantitative analysis; 3) the advantage of HOTS assessments are: a) Increase the stundents motivation to learn and b) improve learning outcomes. and f) perform quantitative analysis; 3) the advantage of HOTS assessments are: a) Increase the stundents motivation to learn and b) improve learning outcomes.
EFECTIVINESS ON TRAINING PROGRAM OF INTEGRATING CHARACTER EDUCATION IN LEARNING AT MGMP PKn SMP IN TAPIN
Authors: . Fatimah
Published: December 2021

The main goal of this research is to analyzed the efectiviness of the implementation of on training program integrating character education in the learning of Civic Education for the learning teacher community of civics education subyect of yunior high school  in Tapin district. The research in evaluative research by using an evaluation model in mesuare the efectiviness of the program Kirkpartrick. Data are collected techniques using Qualitative approach with technichques observation, interviews, and  documentation., also questionerres. The reactions   showed a high level of response  categories and efective, learning level is efective, level behavioral is efective and very useful, because it change behavior in teachers attitude, skill and knawledge,  and resuls level showed a responsibility  of civics education teachers giving positive response as seen from their working effectiveness as the manifestation of qualities of working and creativity.
EVALUATION OF BASIC SCHOOL PROGRAM IN PASER REGENCY EAST KALIMANTAN
Authors: Nawati Sri
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the success of the program through the correct mechanism for the preparation of supervision programs, supervision and supervisory reports conducted by elementary school supervisors in Paser Regency East Kalimantan. This is an evaluation research using Formative-Summative Model By Scriven, the subjects in this study are school supervisors, supervisor coordinators, teachers, and principals. Selection of informants in this study was conducted by purposive sampling of teachers and principals while supervisors became the main object in the study. Data analysis was done by qualitative descriptive analysis. The conclusion of the elementary school supervisory program in Paser Regency East Kalimantan is specifically through formative evaluation there has been deviation on the preparation, implementation, and reporting of the program results so that the result of summative evaluation shows the failure of the supervisor in conducting the supervision. In general, it can be concluded: 1) Elementary School Supervisor in Paser Regency has performed its duty in accordance with the regulation of the functional position of supervisor that is at least 10 schools. 2) Obstacles in the implementation of supervision of the supervisor have not been able to develop the program well. 3) Overall results of the implementation of the supervisory program cannot be used to formulate the success of education in Paser Regency East Kalimantan.
DEVELOPING ATTITUDES ON GLOBAL AWARENESS INSTRUMENT OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLâ€™S STUDENTS
Authors: NUGRAHA AMAN ABADI
Published: December 2021

This study developed the attitudes on global awareness instrument of senior high schoolâ€™s students. It used Research and Development (R&D) design which consisted of preliminary phase, product development, and product implementation (field test). The data were collected from 20 panels, the first phase of field test which consist of 250 students, and the second phase of field test which consist of 265 students . The data were analyzed by using factor analysis with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) method. The result of this study indicated that the standardized attitudes on global awareness instrument consist of 55 items with cognition, conation, and affection dimension with Composite Reliability (CR) was 0,933 and Variance Extracted (VE) was 0,824.
INFLUENCE OF DISCOVERY BASED LEARNING LEARNING MODEL WITH SCIENTIFIC APPROACHON LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Syarifuddin  , Iriyadi Deni , Yuddin
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the comparison of mathematics learning outcomes of students in grade VIII SMP which is taught through Discovery based learning learning by using Scientific approach on Opportunity material. The type of this research is Experimental Research. The subject of this study is the students of class VIII SMP in the even semester of the academic year 2014/2015 which amounted to 40 people. The data collected consisted of data on student learning outcomes and student response data on the device and learning. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. Descriptive research results data show the results of student learning taught by learning model Discovery based learning using scientific approach is in the high category with an average of 82.42 with a standard deviation of 6.09 from ideal score 100. Average value of the gain of 0.75 with a standard deviation of 0.06 from ideal score 1 is in the high category, and classical learning completeness of 87.5%, while student response is in the category tends to positive with an average of 3.29. Descriptively mastery of learning outcomes and student responses are different. Hypothesis testing of differences in learning outcomes was done with the help of SPSS 20 for significant learning outcomes with α = 0.05 and for significant normalized gain values with α = 0.05. So it can be concluded that there is an influence on student learning outcomes taught through discovery based learning learning model.
ANALYSIS OF CLASICAL TEST THEORY (CTT) APPROCH ON ACADEMIC ABILITY TEST INSTRUMENT
Authors: Pratama Dinar
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study to estimate the parameters in Clasical Test Theory (CTT) approach on Academic Ability Test Instrument new students of IAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik Bangka Belitung academic year 2018/2019. Data was collected through documentation techniques in the form of 425 sheets of student test answers. Based on the results of data analysis, it is known that the index of difficulty level in all problem fields has not shown a balance of comparison of easy, medium and difficult questions. The average questions are distributed in the medium category questions with a percentage of 25% easy questions, 51% medium questions, and 24% difficult questions. Distinguishing power index, in all question areas shows there are 37% of questions that are able to distinguish test takers 'abilities and as many as 18% questions are not able to distinguish test takers' abilities. While the effectiveness of distractors there are 239 or 79.6% functioning and there are 61 or 20.3% of the non-functioning distractors. The results of the validity analysis of 100 questions obtained 54% which have a coefficient of validity more than 1.59 and as many as 46% that have a coefficient value less than 1.59. For the overall reliability coefficient, a value of 0.81 is obtained. This means that 80% of the difference in scores obtained by test takers with others is their pure score difference or is not influenced by other factors as a source of error in the measurement.

 Keywords: clasical theory test, test instruments.
A THE FUNCTIONALITY OF THE MIDDLE VALUE OF THE INDONESIAN VERSION OF EMOTIONAL LEARNING INSTRUMENT
Authors: Sulaeman Erwin , Rahayu Wardani , Kamaruddin Erdawaty , Widodo Winona Amanda Tiara , Widodo Winona Amanda Tiara
Published: December 2021

This article discusses the psychometric validity of the Indonesian version of emotional learning instruments with a scale of five and four response categories. The purpose of this study is to produce an Indonesian version of emotional learning instrument with an effective response category scale used by Indonesians. The instrument is a modification of the scale of the Learning Environment Research Questionnaire on Emotional Climate Classroom. This study is a survey of 1494 responses of 7th and 8th grade junior high school students. Samples were selected by random sampling and based on considerations of schools implementing the 2013 Curriculum. Modification instruments consisting of 43 items were tested in obtaining validity based on item difficulty estimations and psychometric criteria with Rasch modeling. The results of this study indicate that the Andrich threshold validity testing meets the monotonic characteristics and the Standardized Residual Correlation is higher, so the scale of the five response categories is more effective to measure the Indonesian version of emotional learning instruments than the scale of the four response categories.

Keywords: Functionality of middle value, ELVI, Rasch Modeling
EVALUATION OF TEACHING MATERIALS OF EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN COURSES FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM OF UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK MUSI CHARITAS
Authors: Indriasari Bernadine Ajeng
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the needs of teaching materials for evaluasi pembelajaran courses that support the ability of students to carry out assessment of learning outcomes in accordance with the development of current assesments in Education for Primary School Teachers study program Universitas Katolik Musi Charitas (UKMC). This research is descriptive study using several documents in the form of RPS, Academic manuals and HOTS Guide modules as well as articles from official BNSP website relates to the research topic. The analysis showed that recommended teaching materials for evaluasi pembelajaran courses were (1) the concept of measurement, test, evaluation dan assessment; (2) type and function of assessment; (3) basic concept of test and non-test; (4) item analysis; (5) development of test and non-test measuring instrument; (6) the quality of measuring instrument which include validity and reliability; and (7) scoring and following up.
THE APPLICATION OF E-LEARNING MATHEMATICS USING MOODLE IN IMPROVING STUDENTS' PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITY
Authors: Kamaruddin Erdawaty
Published: December 2021

E-learning is an online-based learning process that cannot replace conventional learning models in the classroom, but can support that model through the enrichment of content and development of educational technology. The use of e-learning is very useful, because it can train students to be more independent in gaining knowledge, high learning flexibility in accessing learning materials at all times and repeatedly, saving educational costs, and facilitating the renewal of learning materials and models in accordance with the demands of scientific development that happened. Problem solving is a high level cognitive ability that is complex, because when solving a problem, students need to think critically to be able to see a problem and think creatively to be able to solve the problem. Therefore, teachers are required to be able to shape students to have innovative, creative, and critical thinking abilities. For this reason, efforts are needed to improve teacher performance so that they can carry out their duties as one of the determining factors in achieving the quality of learning and improving student learning outcomes, especially in developing learning media based on e-learning.  Based on these assumptions a problem arises in this study, namely: "What is the strategy of developing a prototype e-learning Mathematics learning tool using Moodle in order to improve students' problem solving abilities?". Specific targets in this study are: prototype e-learning Mathematics learning tools using Moodle. This research is a Research and Development that was carried out for seven months in the Computer Laboratory of PTIK FT UNJ.
THE ANALYSIS OF 4th GRADE STUDENT TEXTBOOK BASED ON THE 2013 CURRICULUM ON THE THEME OF PAHLAWANKU WITH THE SUBTHEME OF PERJUANGAN PARA PAHLAWAN (LESSON SIX)
Authors: Indriasari Bernadine Ajeng , Afriadi Bambang
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research is to determine suitability of stundent book of fourth grade student based on Curricullum 2013 on theme “Pahlawanku” subtheme “Perjuangan Para Pahlawan” on lesson six with core competencies, learning objectives, indicator, learning activity, materials, tools and learning resources. This section is the sixth fragmen of eighteen analyze of learning activities plan in student book grade fourth based Curicullum 2013. Research method is descriptive qualitative method by analyzing documents are student book of fourth grade student based on Curricullum 2013 on theme “Pahlawanku” subtheme “Perjuangan Para Pahlawan” on lesson six and teacher book of fourth grade student based on Curricullum 2013 on theme “Pahlawanku” subtheme “Perjuangan para Pahlawan” on lesson six. The analize revolves on the rule of Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nasional, an article discussing about the implementation of Curricullum 2013 and article from website of Badan Nasional Standar Pendidikan (BSNP). Based on result of this research are found that core competencies of mathematics that do not appear in the competency mapping appear in learning materials, indicators of IPA do not match the needed of basic competencies, learning objectives that are not in accordance with the formulation of indicators, materials of IPA and PJOK subjects to liltte and learning subject and tools not listed in student books. Based on the results of the analysis it was conclude that student book of fourth grade student theme “Pahlawanku” subtheme “Perjuangan Para Pahlawan” on lesson six needs a lot of improvement in accordance with the study result.
THE EVALUATION OF THE NATIONAL OBJECTIVES ON THE EARLY CHILDHOODCARE EDUCATION (ECCE) PROGRAMIN GWAGWALADA AREACOUNCIL OF FCT, ABUJA, NIGERIA
Authors: Ogunode Niyi Jacob
Published: December 2021

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the national objectives of Early Childhood Care Education (ECCE) programme in Gwagwalada Area Council of FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. The research designed method adopted for this study was descriptive survey. The method used for selecting the sample of the study was purposive random sampling technique. 200 respondents were selected for simple sampling techniques. Questionnaire was used for data collection in the study and the reliability of the instrument was determined by using split-half method. The results the research showed that the national objectives of the Early Childhood Care Education (ECCE) includes; effect on a smooth transition from home to school, prepare the child for the primary level of education, provide adequate care and supervision for the children while their parents are at work (on the farm, in the market or offices), instill the social norms, instill the spirit of inquiry and creativity through the exploration of nature, the environment, art, music, playing with toys and so on, develop a sense of cooperation and team spirit, learn good habits, especially good health habits and teach the basics of numbers, letters, colours, shapes, forms and so on through playing. It has been achieved to the moderate extent in all the centres of sample in Gwagwalada area, council of FCT.
CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS TO KNOW THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ SELF-CONCEPT IN JETIS SUB DISTRICT, BANTUL REGENCY
Authors: Firmansyah Firmansyah , Rozanah Katrina Herda  , Angga Damayanto  , Fajar Sidik
Published: December 2021

This research aimed to know the factors that influenced elementary students’ self-concept in Jetis Sub District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. The subject of this research consisted of 200 fourth grade students from four different elementary schools in Jetis Sub District. The result showed the fit model with one dimension. The value of each fit parameter of GFI, RMSEA, NFI, IFI, CFI, TLI, and AGFI was 0.958, 0.066, 0.953, 0.976, 0.976, 0.967, and 0.958. All factors or dimensions in self-concept instrument had good reliability by looking at the value of CR ≥ 0,7 categorizing as good reliability, while the value between 0,6 and 0,7 considered to acceptable reliability by underlining that the indicator has load factor that matched the criteria. The internal consistency could be measured by using Average Variance Extracted (AVE). The AVE value that was recommended was ≥ 0,5. This clearly showed that self-concept has validity evidence of internal structure. Moreover, self-concept has convergent and discriminant validity. The self-concept reliability was considered good, so it will give a relatively consistent result when there is re-measurement.
The RELEVANCE OF THE CIPPO MODEL IN THE EVALUATION OF INDUSTRIAL WORK PRACTICES PROGRAMS IN INTEGRATED ISLAMIC VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
Authors: Nur Anisah
Published: December 2021

This study aims to evaluate the industrial work practice program at the Integrated Islamic Vocational School through the Context, Input, Process, Product and Outcome approaches. This research is a quantitative description. The method in this study using a questionnaire. The research sample was one principal, two deputy head of industrial relations, one deputy head of curriculum, four teachers who supervised the industrial practice program, and 133 students. The results of the study show the suitability or relevance of the dimensions: 1) Context consists of the goals, competencies and work ethic of students as well as links and matches; 2) Input consists of planning, provisioning, curriculum, students, human resources, infrastructure and financing; 3) Process, consisting of mapping, implementation, monitoring, effectiveness; 4) Product consists of a competency test and certification; 5) Outcome consisted of student absorption and change in attitude skills. The results of the research can contribute to evaluating the overall industrial work practice program from various dimensions, so that it can increase the competency absorption of Integrated Islamic Vocational Schools in the business and industrial world.
ONLINE LEARNING EVALUATION OF PAI CLASS 5 STUDENTS MIN 1 LANGSA
Authors: Siti Rahma
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Education is the process of changing the attitude and behavior of a person or group for the better through teaching / guidance and training. In the process, the teacher plays an important role in the delivery of material so that it has an influence on the success of their students. The subject learning of PAI (Islamic education) at MIN 1 Langsa is currently less effective and efficient due to the Covid-19 pandemic (corona virus disease) which makes teachers and students unable to meet face to face directly. Students asked to learn from home using online media.Online learning is undirect face-to-face learning between teachers and students by accessing internet networks and using social media to interact or exchange information. This study aims to describe the online learning of Islamic Education lessons at MIN 1 Langsa. The research approach is descriptive qualitative using primary and secondary data sources. The data collection uses the method of observation, documentation and interviews. The analysis of data using reduction, display data and conclusion.The result of the research showed that online learning PAI lessons carried out at MIN 1 Langsa used the Whatsapp application. Students at home are accompanied by their parents in studying the material and exercises provided by their teachers through the Whatsapp application. Because learning is done online, teachers must be more thorough and focused in evaluating learning activities. Students also complained that they had difficulties with poor internet networks. Some of them also do not have cell phones based on Android and some are not proficient in using them, it is making the learning process ineffective.Keywords:            learning, online, students
DESIGN OF M-LEARNING BASED ON HOME SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL FOR SCIENCE LEARNING
Authors: Qibtiah Mariatul
Published: December 2021

Instructional media that are innovative and easy are really needed by students in the current situation. M-learning based on Home Science Process Skill (HSPS), is an innovative learning medium that applies science learning directly in life, with the guidance of parents at home and teachers. The study aims to produce design of m-learning based on home science process skill for science learning. This research was conducted in April 2021 at SMPN 30 Kota Tangerang. The method used was the Research and Development (R&D) research method with the Instructional Development Institute (IDI) model. The stages of research and development of learning media were to define stage, develop stage and evaluate stage. The results of the feasibility test for the design of m-learning based on Home Science Process Skill by media experts and material experts obtained an average assessment of 78.40% and 87.50% with good and very good interpretations. The conclusion of this research was that the design of this learning media was feasible to be used as a medium for student learning media.
THE EVALUATION OF IMPLEMENTING ONLINE LEARNING AT UNIMED FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Authors: Matondang Zulkifli
Published: December 2021

This research aims to evaluate the online learning implementation activities at the UNIMED Faculty of Engineering to determine the various weaknesses and constraints. The research approach used is the CIPP model of Stufflebeam. And it focused on the content/material, facilities, processes, and outputs of online learning. Data were obtained from UNIMED Faculty of Engineering students through online questionnaires. The results showed that 1) the availability of learning resources is still low, as a content aspect, 2) network strength is weak at the input aspect, 3) the helpdesk service is lacking at the process aspect, and 4) the online effectiveness is low at the product aspect. On average, out of these four components, the lowest is online learning tools. In conclusion, this research found that learning facilities contributed to online learning effectiveness at the UNIMED Faculty of Engineering.
THE USE OF THE RASCH MODEL IN ANALYSING THE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF STUDENTS’ COPING STRATEGY SCALE
Authors: Oktaviani Maya , Hasanah Uswatun , Faesal Muhammad , Elmanora  , Zulfa Vania
Published: December 2021

This research is part of the standardization of the Students' Coping Strategy Scale (SCSS). This study aims to reveal the content validity, empirical validity, and reliability of the SCSS. The non-test instrument consisting of 42 statements from three dimensions: problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and seeking social support. Content validity analysis was carried out by experts to obtain Gregory's content validity coefficient, while the empirical validity and reliability analysis by empirically testing the instrument on 211 respondents and analyzed using the Rasch model approach. The results show that Gregory's content validity coefficient is 0.714, so it needs improvement on some items that are considered unsuitable. Empirical validity analysis using WINSTEPS software shows that three items do not fit the model. The reliability coefficient of the SCSS is 0.99. Thus, the remaining 39 items are appropriate to be used to measure students' coping strategies.
An Application of Latent Class Analysis for TIMSS 2015 Data: Detecting Heterogeneous Subgroups
Authors: SAATÇİOĞLU Fatıma Münevver
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of the TIMSS 2015 data from Turkey and the USA 8th grade math. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to determine the latent classes that cause heterogeneity in the data by using categorical observed variables. As a result of the LCA, supporting absolute and relative model fit indices through AvePP and entropy values, it was concluded that the data obtained from both countries fit the three-class model. The latent class probabilities and conditional response probabilities were examined for homogeneity and degree of segregation of the classes from each other. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the assumption of homogeneity in international evaluations be evaluated empirically with LCA. With this article, an example of the application of LCA is provided, and it is believed to be useful for researchers in the context of education and psychological evaluation.
Fort Huachuca ranges : a history and analysis
Authors: Enscore Susan , Morrison Dawn , Smith Adam , Adams Sunny
Published: December 2021

Fort Huachuca Environmental and Natural Resources Division (ENRD) sent funds to ERDC-CERL to develop a historic context that assists Fort Huachuca personnel in identifying the likely history and provenance of numerous historic range features located across Fort Huachuca's training lands. The historic context will be used by cultural resources personnel to evaluate and manage the resources appropriately. Various historic training range features (e.g., structures, fragments, and items left over from previous activities) are located across the ranges of Fort Huachuca, representing its long and storied history. To help identify and catalog these features, ERDC-CERL conducted a field survey of the training ranges in 2016 in or-der to photograph the historic range features. Forty-one historic range features were identified. Researchers conducted archival research, literature reviews, and image analysis of historic and current maps and photographs to identify the 41 historic range features and place them within a chronological context of Fort Huachuca's training ranges. The report concludes with guidance on how to identify and associate sites and features within the overall historic training range chronology and evaluate them appropriately for significance and National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligibility.