bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing the Initial Employment Outcomes of College Graduates
Authors:   The Korean Society for the Study of Local Education Management, Kim Minsun
Published: December 2023

By analyzing the factors affecting employment outcomes of junior college graduates, this research aimed to provide the basic data needed at a university level to enhance employment outcomes of college graduates. Accordingly, the data of junior college graduates were extracted from the 2020 Graduate Occupation Mobility Survey (GOMS) data of the Korea Employment Information Service. Both objective (i.e., employment status, salary) and subjective (i.e., job satisfaction, work satisfaction, work-education level concordance, necessary skills and retained skills concordance) employment outcomes were analyzed in this study.
First, age, major field, job experience programs, interviews/creating a resume, and employment camp experience had a statistically significant effect on employment status. In terms of wages, gender, age, university location, major field, and job experience programs had a significant impact. Second, regarding job satisfaction, major field, career counseling and support system satisfaction, and major curriculum and content satisfaction had a significant effect. Third, regarding work satisfaction, grades, university location, teaching method and quality satisfaction, and job camp experience showed a significant effect. Finally, regarding work-education level concordance level, grades, major field, overall school satisfaction, and job experience programs had a statistically important effect, and regarding necessary skills-retained skills concordance level, grades, university location, major field, career counseling and support system satisfaction, overall school satisfaction, and job experience programs had a significant impact.
The findings suggest that the efforts at the institution level should made to develop a career and employment education roadmap and strategies tailored for each field and major, provide diverse voluntary job preparation opportunities, and expand and strengthen major curriculum based on field-centered curriculum.
Exogeneus Force Theory, Sebuah Antitesis Teori Negara Otonom dalam Formulasi Kebijakan Publik Perubahan Iklim di Kota Palangka Raya
Authors:   Universitas Palangka Raya, Setiawan Ferry , Saefulloh Ahmad ,   Universitas Palangka Raya, Nasution Reny Puspita Syari ,   Universitas Palangka Raya
Published: December 2023

Autonomous state theory is a view to see how public policy is implemented. Even if a policy is unable to overcome economic problems because it is not tied to the provision of public goods, the state still has the power to make its own policies. From the perspective of social goals to avoid damage, climate change and disaster adaptation policies in Indonesia are examples of appropriate policies that can be developed using this. This research aims to analyze whether the Autonomous State Theory can be reapplied to the emergence of climate change adaptation policies in the city of Palangka Raya or whether exogenous incentives have more influence on the implementation of climate change policies or not. In this research, the author used qualitative methods. Conducting an in-depth case study on the implementation of climate change policies in the City of Palangka Raya. This may involve interviews with policy makers, stakeholders, and analysis of policy documents. In-depth interviews were conducted with various parties involved in the climate change policy formulation process, namely, government, academics, environmental activists and other stakeholders. In addition, Analyze policy documents, reports and other information resources to understand the context, objectives and impact of climate change policies in the City of Palangka Raya. The data sources for this research are generally primary and secondary data. To be able to answer this research question, analysis techniques using qualitative methods are needed. The results of the research conclude that the exogenous theory is the antithesis of the Autonomous State Theory in formulating public policy regarding climate change in the city of Palangka Raya. This theory emphasizes the importance of involving actors other than the state in reducing the impacts of climate change. Countries must work together with private companies, international organizations, and civil society to develop effective solutions.
Koordinasi dalam Penanganan Anak Putus Sekolah di Kabupaten Deli Serdang
Authors:   Universitas Sumatera Utara, Febriana Mutia , Rangkuti Mohammad Ridwan ,   Universitas Sumatera Utara
Published: December 2023

Putus sekolah adalah suatu keadaan dimana murid tidak dapat menyelesaikan program belajarnya sebelum waktunya selesai dari masa studinya. Banyaknya kasus anak putus sekolah akan berpengaruh terhadap rendahnya tingkat pendidikan di suatu negara yang kemudian akan menghambat indeks pembangunan manusia. Kemiskinan menjadi faktor utama penyebab banyaknya anak putus sekolah pada masyarakat kurang mampu di Kecamatan Pantai Labu, khususnya pada kawasan pesisir. Penyelengaraan pendidikan merupakan bagian dari tanggungjawab bersama baik pemerintah maupun masyarakat dan berhasil tidaknya suatu pendidikan sangat bergantung dari usaha terpadu yang dilaksanakan secara sinergis antara unit-unit terkait. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana koordinasi intansi pemerintah daerah di Kabupaten Deli Serdang yang dalam hal ini mengarah kepada Dinas Pendidikan dan Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih lemahnya koordinasi antara instansi terkait yang dibuktikan dengan tidak adanya kesatuan tindakan dalam mengatasi permasalahan anak putus sekolah dan cenderung memiliki ego sektoral.
DETERMINAN KINERJA INDUSTRI TPT INDONESIA
Authors: Nada Haya Marshella Lifnatin , Hermawan Iwan , Rambe Khoiru Rizqy , Nugraheni Reninta Dewi , Zuhdi Fadhlan , Isnasari Yovita , Asshagab Sri Milawati
Published: December 2023

The textile and textile product (TPT) industry is a leading industry for national economic growth. The existence of its performance relies on various factors that turn out to be vulnerable to fluctuations, including the fulfillment of raw materials in the form of cotton fiber from import dominance. Therefore, disruption of the performance of the textile industry will also stimulate disruption to Indonesia's economic growth. This study aims to analyze the determinants of the development of textile industry performance. For this reason, a quantitative approach is used with econometric models prepared based on the Cobb-Douglas theory of production functions. The model construction uses secondary time series data  for the period 1992-2021 sourced from the World Bank, Bank Indonesia,  the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The findings show that the terminology of the development of the performance of the Indonesian textile industry includes capital, labor absorption, world cotton fiber prices, inflation, textile exports, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the global food crisis in 2007/2008. Therefore, several policy recommendations were submitted to encourage more massive  TPT machine restructuring programs, improve the skills of TPT human resources (HR), provide incentives for Local Ease of Export Destinations (KLTE), and re-intensify the #banggabuatanindonesia campaign.
Thinking about Music Cities: Tales from England, Finland and Scotland
Authors: Kallioniemi Kari , Cloonan Martin , Cohen Sara
Published: December 2023

How should music cities be analysed? Based on the long and varied experiences of the authors, this article examines the merits of three different approaches – anthropologically, via cultural history and politically. It aims to remind researchers and students of the importance of methodologies and local contexts. As cities may be musical in different ways, so they may be analysed in different ways and we invite readers to consider how best to listen to musical cities – and to learn from them.
Cover image: Turku, Carta Marina 1539.
Visböcker i kulturella gränsland
Authors: Joons Gylling Sofia
Published: December 2023

I denna artikel lyfter jag frågan vilken inverkan handskrivna visböcker har på formandet av en kulturell identitet. Forskningsmaterialet består av 28 visböcker skapade av 22 unga estlandssvenskar under perioden 1861-1945. Visböckerna innehåller både världsliga visor och andliga sånger mestadels på svenska och estniska. Jag har närläst visböckerna och genomfört intervjuer med personer som vet något om hur visböckerna skapats.
Teoretiskt placerar jag visböckerna på två musikaliska stigar (Finnegan 1989), den världsliga visstigen och den andliga sångstigen. Ingen av visorna i böckerna har författats och primärt spridits inom den estlandssvenska befolkningsgruppen. Därför placerar jag skapandet av visböcker i ett kulturellt gränsland, där individer har möjligheten att bekanta sig med en främmande kultur och se den egna kulturen från distans (Clifford 1992). Eftersom musikaliska stigar utgörs av situationer där individer möts uppfattar jag dem som upplevda gemenskaper där olika föreställda gemenskaper (Anderson 2016) aktualiseras genom visorna. 
Min forskning visar hur visboksskaparna nått fram till kulturella gränsland genom att följa de två olika vis-stigarna. Visböckerna som skapats på den andliga sångstigen innehåller huvudsakligen sångtexter på svenska. Detta indikerar att den upplevda gemenskapen runt bönhusen i väckelsemiljöer skapat broar till föreställda kristna, bildade pansvenska gemenskaper genom sångerna. 
De flesta världsliga visor på svenska har inte ombildats under införandet i visböcker. Därför uppfattar jag även dessa visböcker som uttryck för en pansvensk gemenskap. Ett par världsliga visor har medvetet ombildats under överföringen så de uttrycker en föreställd hembygdsgemenskap istället för den pansvenska. 
Före 1918 utgjorde den estlandssvenska befolkningsgruppen en kulturell minoritet i det ryska imperiet och efter 1918 en kulturell minoritet i republiken Estland. Under mellankrigstiden infördes även visor på estniska i visböckerna. Eftersom de flesta visorna är relativt exakta kopior av populära sånger som spreds via inspelningar och tryckta sångtexter uppfattar jag dem som uttryck för kulturellt samgående (Slobin & Ronström 1988). 
 
Artikelns temabild: Visböcker från Estlands svenskbygder. Foto: Sofia Joons Gylling.
Persona non grata vai arvostettu Sibelius-sopraano
Authors: Talasniemi Johanna
Published: December 2023

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan laulajan uran toteutumista toisen maailmansodan jälkeisinä vuosina. Raskaiden sotavuosien jälkeen rauhaan asettauduttiin muuttuneessa poliittisessa ja yhteiskunnallisessa tilanteessa, mikä vaikutti myös muusikoiden mahdollisuuksiin. Sopraano Aulikki Rautawaara (1906–1990) on kiinnostava esimerkki laulajasta, jonka ura sodan jälkeen ei toteutunut sotaa edeltäneen uran viitoittamalla tiellä. Rautawaara työskenteli vuonna 1927 alkaneen laulajanuransa jälkipuolella etupäässä konserttilaulajana ja oli tunnettu erityisesti ja erityisenä Sibeliuksen laulujen esittäjänä.
Reseptiohistorian työkalujen ja elämäkertatutkimuksen lähestymistapojen avulla käsitellään, millaisen vastaanoton Rautawaara sai esiintyvänä taiteilijana toisen maailmansodan jälkimainingeissa. Selventävä kysymys on, miten Rautawaaran sodan aikainen toiminta vaikutti uraan sodan jälkeen. Lisäksi tarkastellaan, miten Rautawaara itse suhtautui tilanteeseen. Pääasiallisena aineistona ovat suomalaiset, ruotsalaiset ja norjalaiset sanomalehdet. Tätä aineistoa täydennetään muulla arkistoaineistolla esimerkiksi Aulikki Rautawaaran yksityisarkistosta.
Rautawaaran esiintymiset saksalaisille miehittäjäsotilaille Norjassa sodan aikana nousivat lehdistössä esiin aika ajoin sodan jälkeen ja vaikuttivat uran toteutumiseen. Musiikkiyhteisön tuki Suomessa ja Ruotsissa auttoi Rautawaaraa palaamaan 1940-luvun lopulla myös kansainvälisille estradeille. Rautawaaran tapaus on osa sopeutumista ja siinä kilvoittelua toisen maailmansodan jälkeisten vuosien muuttuneissa olosuhteissa.
Aulikki Rautawaara, laulajan ura, jälleenrakennus, Sibelius, kulttuurihistoria, laulajatutkimus
 
Artikkelin kansikuva: Aulikki Rautawaara. Lähde: Aulikki Rautawaaran yksityisarkisto.
МАТЕМАТИЧНІ МОДЕЛІ БУДІВНИЦТВА, РЕКОНСТРУКЦІЇ ТА РЕМОНТУ ДОРІГ ЗА УМОВ НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ
Authors: Сідляренко Андрій
Published: December 2023

У статті наголошується на важливості математичного моделювання в сучасних умовах будівництва, реконструкції та ремонту автомобільних доріг в Україні. Основні аспекти, які роблять це актуальним, включають фінансову нестабільність, невизначеність фінансування, а також необхідність дотримання високих стандартів безпеки на дорогах під час проведення робіт. Зазначається, що змінні фактори, такі як кліматичні аномалії, динаміка транспортного руху, технологічний прогрес у будівельній галузі та соціальні виклики, пов’язані зі збільшеним навантаженням на дороги через військовий конфлікт, вимагають нових підходів та інструментів для оптимізації будівельних процесів. Головною метою дослідження є застосування математичного моделювання для планування та виконання робіт на автомобільних дорогах і спорудах, зокрема в умовах обмеженого фінансування. Це допоможе покращити процес усунення аварійно-небезпечних ділянок та вибрати оптимальні методи неруйнівного контролю для виявлення пошкоджень у дорожньому покритті та інфраструктурі. Для досягнення цієї мети використовуються методи статистичного та системного аналізу, багатокритеріальної оптимізації та теорії прийняття рішень. Основний акцент робиться на розробленні стратегічних управлінських рішень та їх ефективності. Показано, що використання математичного моделювання в процесі планування автомобільних дорожніх робіт дозволяє ефективно розподілити фінансові ресурси, навіть при їх обмеженому обсязі. Ця практика також дає змогу динамічно змінювати рівень фінансування, враховуючи при цьому експертні оцінки важливості та ступеня завершеності робіт на об’єкті. В результаті проведеного планування робіт із виправлення аварійно-небезпечних ділянок доріг з акцентом на мінімізацію ризику дорожньо-транспортних пригод та застосування методів підвищеної безпеки був розроблений план впровадження конкретних заходів та засобів. Використання цих заходів передбачає зниження кількості дорожньо-транспортних пригод на аварійно-небезпечних ділянках в 1,4–1,6 разу, і це досягається без перевищення визначених фінансових обмежень. Встановлена оцінка якості виявлення пошкоджень на дорожньому покритті, використовуючи показник імовірності виявлення різноманітних дефектів. Детально показано, які оптимізаційні заходи дозволили підвищити цей показник з 0,891 до 0,967. У подальших наукових дослідженнях автора передбачається ретельно дослідити результати впровадження обговорюваних математичних моделей, особливо як математичної підтримки аналітично-інформаційної системи для моніторингу стану дорожньої інфраструктури.
Indoor Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds at Households in Ulaanbaatar City
Authors: Galsuren Jargalsaikhan , Dambadarjaa Davaalkham , Boldbaatar Buyantushig , Erdenechimeg Zoljargal , Gombojav Enkhjargal
Published: December 2023

Objectives: VOCs, or Volatile Organic Compounds, are a group of organic chemicals that can easily evaporate into the air at room temperature. They are called “volatile” because they have high vapor pressure and can readily form vapors or gases at normal atmospheric conditions. To address this knowledge gap, we aimed to assess VOC exposure and its associated health risks.Method: Samples were collected through the adsorbent tube, followed by detachment from the solvent by organic solvents solvent or methanol, and analyzed by gas chromatographic equipment attached with a flame ionization detector (FID). We selected 150 households from the Chingeltei and Bayangol districts in Ulaanbaatar city, specifically sections 4, 5, 6, and 12, to examine the levels of indoor VOCs in this study. We used the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test to compare medians of VOC levels for two independent groups. Kruskal-Wallis test was carried out to determine if there was any significant difference between medians of VOC levels for more than two independent groups, including the type of paint used, wooden furniture used, and construction year.Results: We found no significant difference in benzene concentration among different types of households (p<0.8112). The highest benzene concentration (0.181 µg/m3) was measured in apartments and houses. Although there was no statistically significant difference between household room types, the kitchen had a higher benzene concentration than other rooms (p<0.8156). Factors such as household total volume, building construction year, and materials used for floors and walls did not significantly affect indoor benzene concentration. Most of the day, the benzene levels exceeded the standards set by the Indoor Air Quality Act of South Korea and the recommended levels by the Health Minister and Construction and Urban Development Minister of Mongolia. In 133 households in Ulaanbaatar city, indoor VOCs, specifically benzene concentration, exceeded the recommended level stated in Order No. A105/08 by the Health Minister and Construction and Urban Development Minister in 2017.Conclusion: Indoor benzene concentration did not vary significantly based on household type, room type, household volume, building construction year, construction wall material, construction floor material, whether new furniture was purchased or the dwelling was repaired and painted within the last two months, proximity to major roads, or indoor smoking status.
Effects of Mongolian Medicine Sengdeng-4 in Rabbit Knee Osteoarthritis Model
Authors: Jingang  , Qimunge  , Hugejiletu  , Hasitana  , Xu Yanhua , Jigden Baigalmaa , Sharavyn Bold
Published: December 2023

Objectives: Seng ldeng-4(SD-4) has a long history of use in Mongolian medical clinics for the treatment for rheumatic disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of SD-4 on rabbits with knee osteoarthritis induced by Hulth’s method.Methods: SD-4 (0.428and 0.857g·kg-1) or Zhuangguguanjie pill (0.514g·kg-1) were orally administered in rabbits for four weeks after the induction of knee osteoarthritis using Hulth’s method. Inflammation factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and NO) and histopathological lesions in the knee joint were examined by ELISA and HE is staining. The expression of type II collagen mRNA in the articular cartilage was detected using real-time qPCR.Results: SD-4 ameliorated the articular lesion damage caused by Hulth’s method in rabbits and reduced the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and NO. The qPCR results showed that the mRNA expression of type II collagen (COL2) and miRNA-140 gene in the model group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01), while SD-4 treatment significantly elevated their expressions in the articular cartilage.Conclusion: SD-4 can improve articular cartilage morphology and inflammation by regulating miRNA-140 and COL2 gene expressions, and thus ameliorating knee osteoarthritis of rabbits induced by Hulth’s method.
О логистической аппроксимации эффективной пористости для образцов пористого титана
Authors: Москалев Павел , Селиванов Владимир , Бокарев Дмитрий , Краснов Андрей , Нетреба Александр
Published: December 2023

Рассматриваются статистические модели для анализа зависимости эффективной от полной пористости для образцов пористого титана, полученных прессованием с последующим спеканием при различной степени уплотнения. Показано, что аппроксимация данной зависимости может быть построена на основе логистической функции. Статистические оценки коэффициентов логистической модели получены с помощью нелинейного метода наименьших квадратов и помимо математического ожидания верхнего предела эффективной пористости позволяют оценить критическое значение общей пористости, в окрестности которого вариации эффективной пористости образцов достигают своего максимума.
THE FRANCISCAN MISSION IN HALYC IN THE 13TH CENTURY: HISTORY AND LEGEND
Authors: Stasiuk Andrii
Published: December 2023

The article examines the issue of the possibility of establishing a Franciscan mission in Halych, one of the capital centers of the state of the Romanovychi dynasty in the 13th century. The outlined issues are somewhat indirectly presented in the historiography, as well as little reflected in contemporary sources. At the same time, the Minorite historical tradition, based on an uncritical reading of the sources, dates the appearance of the Friars Minor in Halych to 1238, linking the foundation of the convent with the person of the Kraków prince Bolesław the Shy. Many other Franciscan legends about the arrival of the Minorites in Rus' in general and Lviv in particular also define the 13th century as the time of the beginning of missionary work here. While analyzing the political and religious circumstances during the 13th century, it should be noted that despite the activity and stability of the contacts of various ruling princely and royal dynasties in Halych with the Roman Curia, there is still no direct confirmation of the functioning of the Franciscan mission here. At the same time, the socio-economic, cultural, and political-religious ties of medieval Halych with the countries of Latin Europe are well represented, both in written and archaeological sources. Therefore, it is pretty likely that in the capital center of the Galician land, there were separate missionary centers for followers of the Latin rite. Mainly among them, merchants, groups of burghers (perhaps the German community), and mercenary knighthood, who needed the spiritual protection of the Catholic Church, should be singled out. It is possible that in the 13th century, along with other missionary clergy, the Franciscans were also involved in this process.
UKRAINIAN NATIONALISTS IN THE «VINETA» SPECIAL DEPARTMENT: HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATIONS AND SOME PROSOPOGRAPHICAL OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Yashyn Vadym
Published: December 2023

The article examines the common elements of the biography of some Ukrainian nationalists who collaborated in the Special Unit "Vineta," which was created in 1941 in the structure of the Ministry of Public Education and Propaganda of the Reich for the purposes of total propaganda aimed at the population of the "eastern occupied territories," troops, rear population, prisoners of war and Ostarbeiters. The author shows that both in the full-time staff of "Vineta" and among the freelance advisers and involved specialists, there were well-known members of the Wire of Ukrainian Nationalists, the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, participants in the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917-1921, among them famous linguists, philologists, literary scholars, translators, journalists, artists, etc. The article contains data on eleven such persons. The author traces the elements of the "Vineta" stage of the life path of employees of the Special department, advisers, and consultants; hitherto unknown facts of their biographies have been established. For this, several recently declassified cases of former Soviet repressive bodies and documents of the State Center of the Ukrainian People's Republic in Exile were used as sources. It was found that there is no mention of cooperation with "Vineta" in any of the open biographies of the investigated personalities. New or relatively well-known facts about the biography of some personalities have been established or corrected. Reasonable doubts regarding the existing biography of Dmytro Narbut have been expressed: it has been proven that Yevhen Vyrovy was a member of the OUN; the facts from the Berlin period of Yosyp Pozychanyuk's life have been clarified, etc. A well-founded assumption was made that cooperation with "Vineta" was weakly correlated with participation in the Ukrainian liberation movement and was also not collaboration. It is shown that the common biographical feature of that part of the employees, whose life path was studied at one time, is direct involvement or tangentiality in the liberation struggles, greater or lesser participation in the political activities of emigration, repressions by the Soviet authorities; intellectual, creative activity, literature, journalism, fine arts, etc., in Europe or the USSR. Most of the former employees of the Special Department continued their activities even after the war in the fields of politics, economy, and culture. The author proposed directions for further research on this topic.
SOVIET MONUMENTAL PROPAGANDA PROBLEMS IN WESTERN UKRAINIAN LANDS IN 1944 – 1953
Authors: Drozdov Viktor
Published: December 2023

The article characterizes the problems of Soviet monumental propaganda in the Western Ukrainian lands in the post-war years, mainly related to building monuments of republican significance. Based on the analysis of archival documents, the author has outlined the peculiarities of legislative regulation and financing of the monuments’ construction, which affected the delay or non-implementation of government decrees regarding the construction of memorials. The financial problems and the shortcomings of the Soviet bureaucratic system have been described in the example of the building of monuments to Lenin in L’viv, Drohobych and Chernivtsi, the monument to Oleko Dundych in Rivne, the “Hill of Glory” in L’viv, and the military cemetery in Stanislav. The reasons contributing to the failure to fulfill the tasks of monumental propaganda included the limitation of funding for building monuments by both the central and republican authorities, the lack of funds in local budgets, and the delay in submitting or approving project or financial documentation. Furthermore, an ideological factor has been identified as the primary reason for postponing the construction of memorials to Ivan Franko and Taras Shevchenko in L’viv. The author concluded that Soviet memory politics, which aimed to Sovietize the memorial space rapidly, lacked the resources to create essential symbolic places to disseminate Soviet commemorative culture in the Western Ukrainian lands effectively. The delay in constructing new monuments of republican significance caused dissatisfaction among the party leadership, which demanded an immediate solution to these problems. These demands, in turn, resulted in cost-cutting measures during monument building, leading to deviations from their original projects. The article pays particular attention to the issue of the quality of typical monuments to the state’s leaders and fallen soldiers of the Soviet army, which was also one of the problems of Soviet monumental propaganda.
INFLUENCE OF THE SLOVAK FACTOR ON THE EVENTS OF AUGUST 1968 IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Authors: Shnitser Ihor
Published: December 2023

The article highlights the influence of the Slovak factor on the events of August 1968 in Czechoslovakia, when the troops of the Warsaw Pact countries were introduced to the country in order to curtail the democratic reforms of the "Prague Spring". The lower chronological limit of the study is dictated by the beginning of the invasion of the troops of the Warsaw Pact countries into Czechoslovakia on the night of August 20–21, 1968. The lower chronological limit of the study is dictated by the beginning of the invasion of the troops of the Warsaw Pact countries into Czechoslovakia on the night of August 20–21, 1968. The upper chronological limit of the article is determined by the completion of the work of the Congress of the Communist Party of Slovakia, which, not recognizing the results of the Extraordinary XIV Congress of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, destroyed Czechoslovak unity in the political confrontation with the Soviet Union and laid the foundations for the "normalization" regime. The research methodology in this article is based on the scientific principles of historicism, objectivity, and systematics. The author used such special-historical methods as historical-comparative, problem-chronological, historiographical analysis, etc. The article found that the occupation of Czechoslovakia by the troops of the Warsaw Pact countries in August 1968 stopped the process of federalization of the country. The USSR, having achieved its military goals in Czechoslovakia, suffered a political defeat because it failed to achieve the transfer of power in the country to the hands of pro-Kremlin politicians. This was evidenced by the reaction of the authorities and society to the presence of foreign troops in the Czechoslovak SSR and the results of the work of the Extraordinary General Assembly of the Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine. The author found out that in order to "normalize" the situation in the Czechoslovak SSR, during the Moscow negotiations with representatives of the Czechoslovak authorities in August 1968, the USSR used the desire of Slovaks for equality in its own interests and promised support in the issue of the future state-legal system. As a result, the "father of the federation" G. Husak, who was present at the negotiations, pragmatically changed course and became a supporter of L. Brezhnev, thus destroying the unity of the Czechoslovak authorities in their views on the occupation of Czechoslovakia by the troops of the Warsaw Pact countries and its consequences. In the interests of the USSR, G. Husak prevented Slovak communists from supporting the decisions of the Extraordinary Central Committee of the Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine at the Bratislava congress and, as the head of the party, actively participated in the "normalization" of the situation in Czechoslovakia in the fall of 1968. As a result, the process of federalization of Czechoslovakia, despite the gradual collapse of democratic reforms of the "Prague Spring", as expected, was quickly restored.
Instances of Preaching in a Medieval Transylvanian Town. The Case of Cluj in the Century before the Reformation
Authors: ŞTEFAN Paula
Published: December 2023

Preaching was an essential component of the religious life during the Middle Ages, shaping the Christian identity and promoting the norms and decisions of the Church. In line with recent contributions that have drawn attention to Transylvanian expressions of medieval preaching, the present paper intends to examine its significance in the urban milieu prior to the Protestant Reformation, by exploring the case of Cluj (hu. Kolozsvár/ germ. Klausenburg). An important town of the region, it was inhabited by a mixed population of Hungarian- and German-speaking communities, whose pastoral care and access to the divine Word was facilitated by various religious institutions. Although the extant sources do not provide detailed accounts regarding specific sermons delivered in town, their actual contents and mise-en-scène, the present paper outlines the profile of the routine preaching activity, based on homiletic works that belonged to the secular and regular clergy of the town, as well as charters attesting their complementary or competing actions. The analysis reveals that homiletic concerns progressively increased from the beginning of the 15th century onwards, reaching a pinnacle in the decades prior to the adoption of the Reformation.
Rezumat: Predica a constituit o componentă esențială a vieții religioase pe parcursul Evului Mediu, contribuind la fasonarea identității creştine şi la diseminarea normelor şi deciziilor Bisericii. Pe urma unor contribuții istoriografice recente care au atras atenția asupra expresiilor transilvănene ale acestui fenomen medieval, prezentul studiu propune examinarea importanței predicării în ambianță urbană, înainte de Reformă, prin sondarea cazului oraşului Cluj (magh. Kolozsvár/ germ. Klausenburg). Unul dintre centrele urbane majore ale regiunii, Clujul se distingea printr-o populație mixtă, de saşi şi maghiari, a căror pastorație intra în grija mai multor instituții religioase. Cu toate că sursele păstrate nu dezvăluie detalii despre cuvântările omiletice rostite în oraş, despre conținutul sau punerea lor în scenă, lucrarea schițează profilul activității uzuale de predicare pe baza colecțiilor de predici care au aparținut clericilor seculari şi fraților cerşetori, precum şi a surselor documentare care atestă actiunile complementare sau concurente ale acestora. Analiza dezvăluie că preocupările pastorale şi omiletice au cunoscut o creştere progresivă în decursul secolului al XV-lea, atingând apogeul in deceniile imediat anterioare adoptării Reformei.
Cuvinte cheie: predica medievală, istorie urbană, predicatori, ordine mendicante, cler parochial, pluralitate lingvistică
Article: history; Received: 16.05.2023; Revised: 23.05.2023; Accepted: 10.06.2023; Available online: 30.06.2023.
Court Jesters in the Service of the Transylvanian Nobility
Authors: FEHÉR Andrea
Published: December 2023

The aim of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the jesters found in the Principality of Transylvania. Our analysis is largely based on memoirs, autobiographies and chronicles written by Transylvanian nobles and intellectuals, and occasionally on princely charters. The earliest records on court fools in the principality date to the 16th century, while the latest are from the 19th century. Two types of fools can be encountered in the sources: natural and artificial ones. Dwarfs, mentally ill, ugly or slow-minded adults fall in the first category. In contrast, the artificial or wise fools, as they are referred to, possessed special skills, and they were not only good entertainers, but often educated people, sometimes even members of the nobility. They distinguished themselves from their colleagues by the intimacy they manifested around the prince or nobles, and their freedom to comment and criticize politics, to offer advice and in general to speak freely.
Rezumat: Scopul lucrării noastre este de a oferi o scurtă prezentare a bufonilor din Principatul Transilvaniei. Analiza noastră se bazează în mare parte pe memorii, autobiografii şi cronici (redactate de nobili şi intelectuali transilvăneni), respectiv diplome princiare. Cele mai vechi înregistrări despre bufonii de curte din principat datează din secolul al XVI-lea, iar cele mai recente sunt din secolul al XIX-lea. Sursele noastre relatează despre bufoni naturali şi artificiali. Din prima categorie fac parte piticii, persoanele cu boli mintale, diforme sau lente la minte. În contrast, bufonii înțelepți erau buni oratori, glumeți, adesea proveneau din familii nobiliare şi de obicei erau educați. Aceştia se deosebeau de ceilalți curteni prin intimitatea pe care o manifestau în jurul principelui, sau al nobililor, şi prin libertatea de a comenta şi critica deciziile lor politice, de a oferi sfaturi şi, în general, de a vorbi liber, atunci când alții nu îndrăzneau.
Cuvinte cheie: bufon, nebun de curte, Transilvania, pitici, istorie culturală
Article: history; Received: 15.05.2023; Revised: 17.05.2023; Accepted: 10.06.2023; Available online: 30.06.2023.
Notes on the Historical Study of Corruption
Authors: OLARU Mihai
Published: December 2023

Over the last fifteen years, the field of corruption studies underwent a historical turn. Social scientists added a historical dimension to their traditional concern with corruption and political and economic development. Historians joined the debates and brought a constructivist approach to the study of corruption, one that examines this phenomenon in its historical context. The present article examines the most important issues in the historical studies of corruption: the way in which the understanding of corruption transformed throughout the centuries, the precise moment the modern understanding emerged and the factors that triggered this transformation. Historians and social scientists tend to agree on the importance of the period around 1800 as the moment when corruption came to designate the abuse of the public office for private gain. At about the same time, various activities which were hitherto tolerated – gifts to officials, patronage, exploitation of the office for private gain – lost any legitimacy and became illicit, i.e., corruption in the modern sense. The factors which contributed to the change were the crises of the modernization process and the obsession with clear-cut categorization specific to the modern thought.
Rezumat: În ultimii cincisprezece ani domeniul studiilor despre corupție a înregistrat o turnură istorică. Cercetătorii din ştiințele sociale au adăugat o dimensiune istorică la interesul mai vechi pentru corupție şi dezvoltare politică şi economică. Istoricii s-au alăturat dezbaterilor şi au adus o abordare constructivistă în studierea corupției, una care examinează fenomenul în contextul său istoric. Articolul examinează cele mai importante probleme în studiul istoric al corupției: cum s-a transformat înțelesul corupției de-a lungul secolelor, când a apărut sensul modern al acestei noțiuni şi ce factori au determinat această transformare. Istoricii şi cercetătorii din ştiințele sociale tind să conveargă asupra importanței perioadei din jurul anului 1800 ca momentul în care corupția începe să desemneze abuzarea de funcția publică pentru interes privat. Cam în aceeaşi perioadă, diferite activități care până atunci au fost tolerate – daruri către dregători, patronaj, extragerea de venituri din dregători – şi-au pierdut legitimitatea şi au devenit ilicite, adică corupției în sensul modern. Factorii care au contribuit la schimbare au fost crizele declanşate în procesul de modernizare şi obsesia cu organizarea lumii în categorii bine definite specifică gândirii moderne.
Cuvinte cheie: corupție, modernizare, public, privat, ambiguitate
Article: history; Received: 20.05.2023; Revised: 26.05.2023; Accepted: 05.06.2023; Available online: 30.06.2023.
Medievalism. Historiographic Markers
Authors: COSTEA Ionuț
Published: December 2023

The present study aims to shed light on the intellectual origins of medievalism studies, on the evolution of this historical research approach and the primary directions of inquiry employed in this field at the end of the 20ᵗʰ century and over the first two decades of the 21ˢᵗ century. The main focus of the present article is placed on the institutionalization of the research on medievalism (conferences, journals, editorial collections, university courses) and on the formation of several scholarly groups around the special research programs in this field (Kalamazoo, Yale, Medieval Electronic Multimedia Organization). Moreover, the present paper approaches the debates circling the contemporary historiography, particularly regarding the terminology (medievalism, neo/medievalism) and the establishment of medievalism as a research field (the relations with medieval studies, with literary and cultural studies, as well as with postmodernism and post-postmodernism).
Rezumat: Prezentul studiu își propune să facă lumină asupra originilor intelectuale ale studiilor medievalismului, asupra evoluției acestui demers al cercetării istorice și asupra direcțiilor primare de investigație folosite în acest domeniu la sfârșitul secolului XX și pe parcursul primelor două decenii ale secolului XXI. Accentul principal al prezentului articol este pus pe instituționalizarea cercetării asupra medievalismului (conferințe, reviste, colecții editoriale, cursuri universitare) și pe formarea mai multor grupuri academice în jurul programelor speciale de cercetare în acest domeniu (Kalamazoo, Yale, Medieval). Electronic Multimedia Organization). De asemenea, lucrarea de față abordează dezbaterile care înconjoară istoriografia contemporană, în special în ceea ce privește terminologia (medievalismul, neo/medievalismul) și stabilirea medievalismului ca domeniu de cercetare (relațiile cu studiile medievale, cu studiile literare și culturale, precum și cu postmodernism și post-postmodernism).
Cuvinte cheie: medievalism, studii medievale, istoriografie, istoria istoriografiei, cultură populară, studii culturale
Article: history; Received: 15.05.2023; Revised: 17.05.2023; Accepted: 08.06.2023; Available online: 30.06.2023.
Influence of ultrasonic field on methane fermentation process: Review
Authors: Zawieja Iwona
Published: December 2023

Here One important aspect of the process of anaerobic stabilisation of sewage sludge in medium and large sewage treatment plants, in addition to sludge mineralisation, is the acquisition of a valuable source of energy, which is biogas. There are well-known methods of intensifying the process of methane fermentation by subjecting sludge to disintegration using physical factors, i.e. ultrasonic field. Acetate production is the ratelimiting step in the acetate consumption pathway and affects the efficiency of the anaerobic stabilisation process. The product of the first stage of the process is also the substrate for the next stage. Therefore, it is advisable to subject sewage sludge to disintegration, which increases its susceptibility to biodegradation. Sludge modification with the above-mentioned method causes a significant increase in the concentration of organic substances in the supernatant liquid. The reflection of the physical and chemical transformations of sludge in the disintegration processes is the change in their structure expressed by the increase in the degree of particle dispersion. The disintegration of sludge using sonolysis is an effective process solution, both in terms of technology and energy, in terms of obtaining biogas, which is a valuable source of energy.
Dynamics of aerosol generation and flow during inhalation for improved in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) of pulmonary medicines
Authors: Dorosz Agata , Moskal Arkadiusz , Sosnowski Tomasz R.
Published: December 2023

Chemical and process engineering offers scientific tools for solving problems in the biomedical field, including drug delivery systems. This paper presents examples of analyzing the dynamics of dispersed systems (aerosols) in medical inhalers to establish a better relationship between the test evaluation results of these devices and the actual delivery of drugs to the lungs. This relationship is referred to as in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC). It has been shown that in dry powder inhalers (DPls), the aerosolization process and drug release times are determined by the inhalation profile produced by the patient. It has also been shown that inspiratory flow affects the size distribution of aerosols generated in other inhalation devices (vibrating mesh nebulizers, VMNs), which is due to the evaporation of droplets after the aerosol is mixed witha dditional air taken in by the patient. The effects demonstrated in this work are overlooked in standard inhaler testing methods, leading to inaccurate information about the health benefits of aerosol therapy, thus limiting the development of improved drug delivery systems.
Removal of cyclohexane vapors from air in biotrickling filters: Effects of gas mixture composition and circular economy approach
Authors: Rybarczyk Piotr , Szulczyński Bartosz , Dobrzyniewski Dominik , Kucharska Karolina , Gębicki Jacek
Published: December 2023

This work presents results of investigations on biotrickling filtration of air polluted with cyclohexane co-treated in binary, ternary and quaternary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) mixtures, including vapors of hexane, toluene and ethanol. The removal of cyclohexane from a gas mixture depends on the physicochemical properties of the co-treated VOCs and the lower the hydrophobicity of the VOC, the higher the removal efficiency of cyclohexane. In this work, the performance of biotrickling filters treating VOCs mixtures is discussed based on surface tension of trickling liquid for the first time. A mixed natural – synthetic packing for biotrickling filters was utilized, showing promising performance and limited maintenance requirements. Maximum elimination capacity of about 95 g/(m 3·h) of cyclohexane was reached for the total VOCs inlet loading of about 450 g/(m 3·h). This work presents also a novel approach of combining biological air treatment with management of a spent trickling liquid in the perspective of circular economy assumptions. The waste liquid phase was applied to the plant cultivation, showing a potential for e.g. enhanced production of energetic biomass or polluted soil phytoremediation.
High-temperature and mechanochemical synthesis of Sm 5VO 10 and its unknown properties
Authors: Kwiatkowski Kamil , Piz Mateusz , Filipek Elżbieta
Published: December 2023

In the presented work, the conditions of the high-temperature and mechanochemical method for the synthesis of compound Sm 5VO 10 and their influence on its physicochemical properties were studied. The following methods were used for the study: X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet and visible light spectroscopy (UV–VIS–DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), and laser beam diffraction spectrometry (LDS). Based on the results, it was determined that the compound Sm 5VO 10 is thermally stable in air atmospheres up to 1475 °C, crystallises in a monoclinic system, and its structure is made up of oxygen VO 4 and SmO 8 polyhedra. The estimated energy gap value for nanometric, mechanochemically obtained Sm 5VO 10 was about 3.20 eV, and for the microcrystalline, obtained with the high-temperature method, was about 2.75 eV. The established physicochemical characterisation of Sm 5VO 10 initially showed that the compound could find potential applications, e.g. as a photocatalyst for water purification or as a component of new optoelectronic materials.
A simplified method for determination of the optimal feed temperature for hydrogen peroxide decomposition process occurring in an immobilized enzyme packed-bed reactor
Authors: Grubecki Ireneusz , Tomczak Wirginia
Published: December 2023

Simplified optimization method using the MATLAB function fminbnd was adopted to determine the optimal feed temperature (OFT) for an isothermal packed-bed reactor (PBR) performing hydrogen peroxide decomposition (HPD) by immobilized Terminox Ultra catalase (TUC). The feed temperature was determined to maximize (minimize) the average reactant conversion (reactant concentration) over a fixed period time at the reactor outlet. The optimization was based on material balance and rate equation for enzyme action and decay and considered the effect of mass-transfer limitations on the system behavior. In order to highlight the relevance and applicability of the work reported here, the case of optimality under isothermal operating conditions is considered and the practical example is worked out. Optimisation method under consideration shows that inappropriate selection of the feed temperature may lead to a decrease in the bioreactor productivity.
CAN ACUPUNCTURE BE A PART OF THE TREATMENT FOR BREAST CANCER-RELATED LYMPHEDEMA? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE SAFETY AND PROPOSED MODEL FOR CARE
Authors: Kim J.K. , Loo C. , Kim J.S. , Pranskevich C. , Gordon O.K.
Published: December 2023

Acupuncture is a potential therapy for breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). Despite a recent meta-analysis on efficacy, data on acupuncture safety in BCRL are lacking. Current clinical guidelines recommend avoiding needling in the upper extremity affected by lymph node dissection. We undertook a systematic review focusing on acupuncture safety and treatment protocols in clinical trials for BCRL. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Ovid, CINAHL, and Cochrane library. Eight clinical trials on acupuncture for BCRL were analyzed. The Standards of Acupuncture intervention (STRICTA 2010) and Cochrane risk of bias (RoB2 2019) were applied to assess methods for acupuncture interventions within Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Quantity and severity of adverse events (AE) were reviewed. A total of 189 subjects participated in 8 clinical trials with 2965 acupuncture treatments. No serious adverse events (SAE) were reported regardless of treatment laterality or protocol, with only a single grade 2 skin infection in 2,965 total treatments (.034%), including 1,165 bilateral and 225 ipsilateral treatments. Our comprehensive review of clinical trials of acupuncture for BCRL demonstrated no significant adverse events in 2,965 treatments, including 1,390 in the affected limb. An approach for routine integration of acupuncture into BCRL maintenance therapy is proposed.