bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cascading Energy Transfer for Highly Efficient Deep−Red OLED Emission with Cyclometalated [3+2+1] Iridium Complexes
Authors: Tong Kai‐Ning , Wu Chengcheng , Wu Yuan , Li Siqi , Jin Zhaoyun , Shi Kefei , Jung Sinyeong , Wang Xin , Guan Yunzhi , Yang Chen , Wei Guodan
Published: November 2023

The promising cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes have been proved to possess great potential in vacuum−deposited organic light−emitting diodes (OLEDs) applications for full−color displays and white solid−state lighting sources. Herein, based on the unique bidentate ligand of dibenzo[a,c]phenazine (dbpz) group with strong conjugated effect of aromatic rings for red emission, four novel [3+2+1] coordinated iridium (III) emissive materials have been rationally designed and synthesized. The monodentate ligands of −CN and −OCN have been effectively employed to tune the deep−red emission of 628−675 nm with high photoluminescence quantum yields up to 98%. Moreover, all devices displayed deep−red color coordinates ranging from (0.675, 0.325) to (0.716, 0.284), which is close to the standard−red color coordinates of (0.708, 0.292), as recommended by International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication (ITU−R) BT.2020. The device based on nBuIr(dbpz)CN with an exciplex cohost has exhibited maximum external quantum efficiencies of 20.7% and good stability. With nBuIr(dbpz)CN as an effective sensitizer, the nBuIr(dbpz)OCN based phosphorescent OLED devices have successfully demonstrated cascading energy transfer processes, contributing to pure red emission with maximum luminance as high as 6471 cd m−2. Therefore, this work has been successfully demonstrated rational molecular design strategy of [3+2+1] iridium complexes to obtain highly efficient deep−red electrophosphorescent emission.
Factors influencing sustainability aspects in crowdsourced software development: A systematic literature review
Authors: Haider Waqas , Ilyas Muhammad , Khalid Shah , Ali Sikandar
Published: November 2023

Crowdsource software development has become more and more popular in recent years in the software industry. Crowdsourcing is an open‐call technique for outsourcing tasks to a broad and undefined crowd. Crowdsourcing provides numerous advantages including reduced costs, fast project completion, talent identification, diversity of solutions, top‐quality, and access to problem‐solving creativity. Despite of the benefits gained from crowdsourcing, there are numerous issues like lack of experienced workers, lack of confidentiality, copyright issues, software sustainability, and so forth. There is also less focus on the long‐term sustainability of software development because of new ideas emerging in crowdsourcing software development. Furthermore, in literature, lack of guidelines towards sustainable software crowdsourcing is highlighted as one of the limitations in the software standards. This study aims to identify the factors that influence sustainability aspects in crowdsourced software development. We have conducted a systematic literature review for identification of these factors. In this paper, we present findings of the systematic literature review in the form of a list of 11 factors extracted from a sample of 45 finally selected papers. Among these factors, six of the factors are ranked as critical factors. These critical factors are “Lack of coding standard in documentation,” “Use of popular programming tools,” “Crowd Lack of knowledge and awareness about sustainability,” “Energy‐efficient coding,” “Lack of awareness about sustainable software engineering practices,” and “Lack of coordination/communication between client and crowd.”
Electrostatically Sprayed Flexible Encapsulation for High‐Performance III–V Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Chao , Xiong Yuan , Gao Mengyuan , Lan Zhicheng , Wu Junjiang , Ye Long
Published: November 2023

Multijunction solar cells that employ III–V semiconductors are highly efficient, lightweight, and flexible, rendering them excellent candidates for use in automobiles, satellites, or flexible electronics. To improve the operational stability of these high‐efficiency solar cells for practical applications, herein an innovative method for encapsulating high‐performance flexible III–V solar cells is proposed, which enables solar cell with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 32.72% to maintain an efficiency of 31.67% after packaging under the AM1.5 global spectrum. The module remains the same efficiency of ≈29.7% under AM0 after encapsulation. The key to this approach is electrostatically spraying and curing fluorinated ethylene propylene materials to create a flexible, cost‐effective, and efficient encapsulation layer for III–V solar cells. The proposed encapsulation method demonstrates excellent adhesion, barrier properties, easy scalability, and long‐term stability, enabling enhanced performance, extended lifetimes, and improved reliability of III–V solar cells.
Frequency‐Domain Dielectric Response of Insulating Paper with High Humidity
Authors: Tu Yalong , Wang Shengkang , Chen Li , Xu Qingchuan , Lin Fuchang , Li Hua
Published: November 2023

The frequency‐domain dielectric spectroscopy (FDS) of humid insulating paper has been measured at different temperatures. The data show three independent dielectric processes: electrode polarization, hopping conductivity and interfacial polarization. The dielectric properties of humid insulating paper are composed of hopping conductivity and interfacial polarization, and its equivalent dielectric model can be represented by a Havriliak‐Negami (HN) relaxation branch parallel hopping conductivity. At high temperatures and low frequencies, the measured dielectric spectroscopy bends downward, which is caused by the electrode polarization. In this case, the equivalent dielectric model is composed of the body impedance of insulating paper and the electrode polarization in series. According to the equivalent dielectric model, the components of electrode polarization, hopping conductivity, and interface polarization can be separated, thereby eliminating the parasitic effect of electrode polarization on the dielectric properties of insulating paper. Both of hopping conductivity and interface polarization of insulating paper move toward high‐frequency direction with temperature increasing. For humid insulating paper with a moisture content of 5.9%, the activation energies of hopping conductivity and interface polarization are 1.18 and 0.99 eV, respectively. This difference in activation energies results in the inability of the spectrums of insulating paper to overlap with each other at different temperatures. Based on the insulating paper without oil immersion, the results obtained in this article are not affected by oil or oil‐immersion operations. This provides a reference for exploring the dielectric properties and physical mechanisms of oil‐paper composite insulation materials widely used in high‐voltage equipment. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Effects of Pre‐Reading Study and Reading Exposure on the Learning and Processing of Collocations
Authors: Altamimi Abdulaziz , Conklin Kathy
Published: November 2023

Little is known about the effect of pre‐reading exposure on collocational learning. This study used eye‐tracking and offline measures (form recall and recognition) to explore the effectiveness of pre‐reading study and reading exposure on the processing and learning of novel collocations. Three learning conditions were evaluated: reading‐only (target items were simply embedded in sentences), study‐only (explicit learning of target items), and pre‐reading study plus reading (explicit learning of target items followed by reading). Pre‐reading study plus reading was the most effective learning condition, while reading‐only was more effective than study‐only. More specifically, studying collocations before reading led to increased attention when encountering the same collocation in subsequent reading. Furthermore, greater attention, in the pre‐reading study phase, as indicated by fixations, was associated with larger collocational gains.
Expanding Methodological Approaches in DDL Research
Authors: Boulton Alex , Vyatkina Nina
Published: November 2023

This paper analyses the methodologies in 148 empirical data‐driven learning studies for L2 English in prestige journals to examine best practice. Manual coding and corpus analysis of key words and n‐grams from the past 5 years (2018–2022) explore the field as a whole and how methodologies have evolved, suggesting improvements and future avenues for research.
Genomic analysis and characterization of new loci associated with seed protein and oil content in soybeans
Authors: Vuong Tri D. , Florez‐Palacios Liliana , Mozzoni Leandro , Clubb Michael , Quigley Chuck , Song Qijian , Kadam Shaila , Yuan Yuxuan , Chan Ting Fung , Mian Mohamed Abdur Rouf , Nguyen Henry T.
Published: November 2023

Breeding for increased protein without a reduction in oil content in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a challenge for soybean breeders but an expected goal. Many efforts have been made to develop new soybean varieties with high yield in combination with desirable protein and/or oil traits. An elite line, R05‐1415, was reported to be high yielding, high protein, and low oil. Several significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) for protein and oil were reported in this line, but many of them were unstable across environments or genetic backgrounds. Thus, a new study under multiple field environments using the Infinium BARCSoySNP6K BeadChips was conducted to detect and confirm stable genomic loci for these traits. Genetic analyses consistently detected a single major genomic locus conveying these two traits with remarkably high phenotypic variation explained (R2), varying between 24.2% and 43.5%. This new genomic locus is located between 25.0 and 26.7 Mb, distant from the previously reported QTL and did not overlap with other commonly reported QTL and the recently cloned gene Glyma.20G085100. Homolog analysis indicated that this QTL did not result from the paracentric chromosome inversion with an adjacent genomic fragment that harbors the reported QTL. The pleiotropic effect of this QTL could be a challenge for improving protein and oil simultaneously; however, a further study of four candidate genes with significant expressions in the seed developmental stages coupled with haplotype analysis may be able to pinpoint causative genes. The functionality and roles of these genes can be determined and characterized, which lay a solid foundation for the improvement of protein and oil content in soybeans.
Development of state of art test setup to measure thermal conductivity of soils infused with treated and un‐treated natural microorganisms
Authors: Shah Manish V. , Tandel Payal , Mistry Shivani , Singh Shalini , Panchal Rakesh K. , Upadhye Vijay , Sinha Rajeshwar P.
Published: November 2023

Soil is a natural heterogeneous material and from its formation process, heat transfer capacity (thermal conductivity) of soil is playing vital role in many engineering applications. The aim of this research study is to enhance thermal conductivity using natural and treated bacteria from soil samples procured from four different regions namely Dholera, Navsari, Sabarmati River, and Madhavpur of Gujarat, India. To fulfill this objective, thermal conductivity test set‐up was indigenously developed based on guarded hot plate method and is calibrated up to 150°C temperature. The colonies of microorganisms available in soil were studied by serial dilution and spread plate technique. Further, influence of microorganisms on soil structure aggregation pre and post treatment was analyzed by microscope. Four types of microorganisms were introduced in the soil and the thermal conductivity of sample is measured for curing period of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results indicate increment in k value for thermal conductivity in clayey soil up to 26.67% and decrement in sandy soil is up to 45.45%, while most optimum results were observed for 7 days curing period. Present research demonstrates use of microbes available in various soils to enhance heat transfer mechanism through proper identification and treatment.
Using individual‐based habitat selection analyses to understand the nuances of habitat use in an anthropogenic landscape: a case study using greater sage‐grouse trying to raise young in an oil and gas field
Authors: Kirol Christopher P. , Fedy Bradley C.
Published: November 2023

Habitat selection analyses conducted at an individual level may reveal patterns in selection not apparent when individuals are pooled in population‐level approaches. Using GPS transmitters that gather high‐resolution location data, we explored fine‐scale habitat selection and space use within home ranges of female greater sage‐grouse Centrocercus urophasianus that raised young (brood‐rearing sage‐grouse) in an oil and gas development area. To evaluate fine‐scale habitat selection of brood‐rearing sage‐grouse we used a two‐stage approach. First, we developed models for each individual (i.e. individual‐level modeling) and evaluated individual‐level responses to modified habitats and infrastructure. Second, we averaged individual‐level estimates using a bootstrap approach to make population‐level inference. The average home range size during brood‐rearing in our study, from nest hatch to six weeks, was 0.85 ± 0.21 km2. Individual and population‐level results indicated that brood‐rearing females consistently selected for natural vegetation and avoided disturbed surfaces at a fine spatial scale. Our study area included substantial areas of recent (≤ 10 years) habitat reclamation which females also avoided. Visible power lines consistently led to avoidance behavior. In addition to consistent patterns of habitat selection, our individual models demonstrated variability and contrasting behaviors in how brood‐rearing females responded to specific infrastructure features and anthropogenic water bodies. At the population‐level anthropogenic water bodies were avoided but at the individual‐level the intensity of avoidance was variable among individuals. Individual variability was often explained by the age of the brood‐rearing female (first year or adult). First year females were more likely than adults to use habitats close to infrastructure and consistently established home ranges in areas with more surface disturbance and infrastructure when compared to adults. Our results provide new insights into fine‐scale habitat‐selection strategies used by female sage‐grouse with broods in an area where oil and gas infrastructure is widespread and cannot be avoided.
Stability analysis of a non-unitary CFT
Authors: Watanabe Masataka
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We study instability of lowest dimension operator (i.e., the imaginary part of its operator dimension) in the rank-Q traceless symmetric representation of the O(N) Wilson-Fisher fixed point in D = 4 + ϵ. We find a new semi-classical bounce solution, which gives an imaginary part to the operator dimension of order $$ O\left({\epsilon}^{-1/2}\exp \left[-\frac{N+8}{3\epsilon }F\left(\epsilon Q\right)\right]\right) $$
O

ϵ

−
1
/
2

exp

−

N
+
8

3
ϵ

F

ϵQ

in the double-scaling limit where $$ \epsilon Q\le \frac{N+8}{6\sqrt{3}} $$
ϵQ
≤

N
+
8

6

3

is fixed. The form of F(ϵQ), normalised as F(0) = 1, is also computed. This non-perturbative correction continues to give the leading effect even when Q is finite, indicating the instability of operators for any values of Q. We also observe a phase transition at $$ \epsilon Q=\frac{N+8}{6\sqrt{3}} $$
ϵQ
=

N
+
8

6

3

associated with the condensation of bounces, similar to the Gross-Witten-Wadia transition.
Präklinische Polytraumaversorgung
Authors: Popp Daniel , Zimmermann Markus , Kerschbaum Maximilian , Matzke Magdalena , Judemann Katrin , Alt Volker
Published: November 2023

Tscherne definierte erstmals 1966 das „Polytrauma“ als „mehrere gleichzeitig erlittene Verletzungen verschiedener Körperregionen, wobei mindestens eine Verletzung oder die Kombination dieser Verletzungen lebensbedrohlich ist“. Diese Definition stellt das wesentliche pathophysiologische Paradigma des Polytraumas, die durch die Verletzung mehrerer Organsysteme resultierende Lebensgefahr, heraus. Die Behandlung polytraumatisierter Patienten beginnt am Unfallort. Dort können durch zielgerichtete Maßnahmen des Rettungsteams bereits wichtige lebensrettende Ersteingriffe durchgeführt und das Überleben der Patienten verbessert werden. Weltweiten Standard stellen die Konzepte Advanced Trauma Life Support und Pre Hospital Trauma Life Support (ATLS, PHTLS) dar. Da die präklinische Versorgung des Schwerstverletzten keine Routine bedeutet, sind Konzept und Notfallinterventionen regelmäßig zu trainieren. Nur so ist es möglich, in dieser zeitkritischen Situation effektiv und sicher behandeln zu können.
Die Situation des deutschen Maßregelvollzugs – Ergebnisse einer Umfrage der DGPPN
Authors: Zeidler Robert , Dudeck Manuela , Frank Udo , Gerlinger Gabriel , Hesse Dirk , Muysers Jutta , Pollmächer Thomas , Riedemann Christian , Sander Julia , Völlm Birgit , Müller Jürgen L.
Published: November 2023

Hintergrund und Fragestellung

Die Maßregeln nach den §§ 63 und 64 StGB wurden in der Vergangenheit wiederholt reformiert. Doch trotz der Novellierung des Rechts der Unterbringung (2016) mahnen Kliniken und Landesbehörden vor unzureichenden Kapazitäten und besorgniserregenden Zuständen. Die mediale Berichterstattung zeichnet ein herausforderndes Bild. Gleichzeitig mangelt es an validen Daten, die eine objektive Beschreibung der Situation im Maßregelvollzug (MRV) ermöglichen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden die Einrichtungsleitungen in Deutschland befragt.

Material und Methoden

In dieser Onlineumfrage wurden 2021 alle 78 Einrichtungen des MRV in Deutschland zu Strukturdaten der Einrichtungen, zur Belegungs- und Personalsituation, zu besonderen Vorkommnissen, zur Unterstützung durch Fachaufsichten und Träger sowie zu besonderen Patientenmerkmalen befragt. Die Ergebnisse werden deskriptiv dargestellt.

Ergebnisse

Von den 78 angeschriebenen Einrichtungen partizipierten 45 (58 %) an der Umfrage zumindest teilweise. Die Mehrzahl der Kliniken (68,5 %) beklagte eine deutliche Überbelegung. Es wurde ein deutlicher Mangel von Personal und Räumen berichtet, zugleich wurde angegeben, dass Patienten keine angemessene Behandlung erhalten. Etwa jeder 5. Patient war länger als 10 Jahre im MRV untergebracht. Jede 3. Klinik berichtete eine steigende Zahl an körperlichen Übergriffen durch Patienten.

Diskussion

Der gewonnene Überblick zeigt die Kliniken des MRV in einer sehr unterschiedlichen, doch insgesamt angespannten Situation. Eine wesentliche Zahl der Kliniken steht unter großem Druck. Finanzielle, strukturelle, räumliche und personelle Ressourcen wurden als unzureichend beschrieben, den gesetzlichen Auftrag sach- und fachgerecht zu erfüllen. Die 2017 von der DGPPN vorgelegten Behandlungsstandards sind in vielen Kliniken nicht erfüllt.
Management of radiology services during the 2022 FIFA football (soccer) World Cup
Authors: Bordalo Marcelo , Evans Toni , Allenjawi Salwa , Targett Stephen , Dzendrowskyj Peter , Al-Kuwari Abdulaziz Jaham , Cardinale Marco , D’Hooghe Pieter
Published: November 2023

Diagnostic imaging is the predominant medical service sought for the assessment and staging of musculoskeletal injuries in professional sports events. During the 2022 FIFA Football (soccer) World Cup, a centralized medical care infrastructure was established. This article provides a comprehensive account of the radiological services implemented during this event, encompassing the deployment of equipment and human resources, the structuring of workflows to uphold athlete confidentiality, and initiatives aimed at enhancing communication. Communication channels were refined through radiology consultations held with national teams’ health care providers and the adoption of audiovisual reports available in multiple languages, which could be accessed remotely by team physicians. Our established framework can be replicated in international professional football events for seamless integration and efficacy.
Patient-reported outcome measures after periodontal surgery
Authors: Mounssif Ilham , Bentivogli Valentina , Rendón Alexandra , Gissi Davide B. , Maiani Francesco , Mazzotti Claudio , Mele Monica , Sangiorgi Matteo , Zucchelli Giovanni , Stefanini Martina
Published: November 2023

Objectives

The present study aimed to explore the impact of different periodontal surgical treatments on the quality of life and postoperative morbidity.

Materials and methods

The present study is a single-center, prospective, observational cohort trial. One hundred fifty-five patients, referred to the Periodontal Department of Bologna University who needed periodontal surgical treatment, were recruited. The self-reported perception of the postoperative course was assessed using the following anonymous questionnaires: Italian oral health impact profile (I-OHIP-14), visual analog scale (VAS) to evaluate the intensity of the pain, and 5-point Likert scale.

Results

Patients reported a mean OHIP-14 total score of 9.87±8.5 (range 0–42), significantly influenced by the female sex, flap extension, and periodontal dressing. A mean VAS score of 2.96±2.39 (range 0–9) was calculated, and was found to be influenced by the presence of vertical releasing incisions and palatal flap extension. Of the 155 subjects, 40 (25.8%) patients reported bleeding as a post-surgical complication, 96 (61.9%) swelling, 105 (67.7%) eating discomfort, and 44 (28.4%) reported speech discomfort.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of the nature of the present study, periodontal surgical procedures have a low impact on patients’ quality of life evaluated through the OHIP-14 and VAS pain questionnaires.

Clinical relevance

Periodontal surgical procedures are safe procedures, with a limited duration of postoperative discomfort as well as the incidence of complications.
„Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome“ (FIRES) bei 93 Kindern: klinische Prädiktoren für das Outcome
Authors: Hilbig Rasmus , van Baalen Andreas
Published: November 2023

Hintergrund

„Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome“ (FIRES) beschreibt ein seltenes Epilepsiesyndrom im Kindesalter, bei dem es im Anschluss an einen fieberhaften Infekt zu einem refraktären Status epilepticus kommt. Faktoren, die das Outcome beeinflussen, sind bisher unbekannt.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel ist die Identifikation von klinischen Prädiktoren, die während der Akutphase eine Einschätzung des Outcomes zulassen.

Material und Methoden

Es erfolgten eine retrospektive Beobachtungsstudie mit 93 Kindern, deskriptive Statistik mit der Erhebung von 31 Parametern, Auswahl von 12 unabhängigen Variablen und explorative Analyse des Einflusses der Variablen auf das Outcome mittels multipler linearer Regressionsanalyse, Definition des Outcomes anhand der „Modified Rankin Scale for Children“ (schlechtes Outcome definiert als 4 bis 6 Punkte).

Ergebnisse

Bei 67,2 % der Kinder war eine Intubationsnarkose nötig, um den Status epilepticus zu durchbrechen. Eine längere Intubationsdauer korrelierte dabei mit einem schlechteren Outcome: Alle Kinder, die länger als 8 Wochen intubiert und beatmet waren, hatten ein schlechtes Outcome.

Schlussfolgerung

Ab einer Intubationsdauer von 8 Wochen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit für ein gutes Outcome als sehr gering einzuschätzen, sodass eine Änderung des Therapiezieles auf eine palliative Behandlung in Erwägung zu ziehen ist.
Early Childhood Educators Pay Equity: A Dream Deferred
Authors: Liu Liu , Joseph Gail E. , Taylor Juliet M. , Hassairi Nail , Soderberg Janet S.
Published: November 2023

Insufficient wages and unequal pay create challenges in attracting and retaining highquality early educators, critical for young children’s success in early care and education (ECE) programs. While ECE professional wages are already lower than similar workers, there may be wage disparities based on race/ethnicity and gender within the workforce. To examine whether hourly wages were associated with race/ethnicity and gender after considering demographic and professional characteristics, this study used a nationally representative sample of 5,192 ECE professionals in the 2019 National Survey of Early Care and Education (NSECE) workforce survey. Multivariate regression analyses showed that compared to their White counterparts, Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latino, and other races, educators earned lower hourly wages. Additionally, this study revealed that the intersection of race/ethnicity and gender has a compounding effect on pay equity among early childhood educators. For example, the wage gap between Black/African American male and female educators is significant, with male educators earning higher hourly wages. Moreover, the study found that women of color, including Black, Hispanic/Latina, Asian, and other races, had the lowest average hourly wages compared to other ECE workers. Additionally, the study’s results indicate that Black and Hispanic/Latino men had higher average hourly wages than women of color but lower average hourly wages than white women. The study explored possible reasons for these findings and their implications for policies and support.
Can Coral Reef Restoration Programmes Facilitate Changes in Environmental Attitudes? A Case Study on a Rural Fisher Community in North Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Boakes Zach , Mahyuni Luh Putu , Hall Alice E. , Cvitanovic Marin , Stafford Richard
Published: November 2023

There is currently limited research assessing the ecological potential of coral restoration programmes of habitat enhancement and restoration of benthic and mobile populations for influencing the attitudes (and subsequent behaviours) of the communities where they are based. Our qualitative study investigated the impact of a coral reef restoration programmes on local environmental attitudes in a rural fishing community in north Bali, Indonesia. We conducted semi-structured interviews with individuals and multi-stakeholder focus groups (n = 31) in Tianyar Village, where the NGO ‘North Bali Reef Conservation’ (‘Yowana Bhakti Segara’) was based. Our results highlight several factors that influenced environmental behaviours, including perceived value of coral reefs (e.g.,changes in fishing yield), drivers of support for coral reef restoration (e.g., local leaders’ influence) and barriers to coral reef restoration support (e.g., lack of investment). Overall, our data indicate that the restoration programme has influenced positive environmental attitudes within the community through improvements in waste management, increased support for restoration work, and the establishment of new environmental regulations. Based on our results, we make five recommendations: (1) continuing environmental education within the community, (2) strengthening regulations and improving enforcement, (3) increasing financial and logistical support for waste management and ecotourism, (4) continuing the construction and deployment of artificial reefs, ensuring ‘best practice’ recommendations are followed, and (5) utilising the influence of local leaders to create positive environmental behaviours.
Beyond exit, voice, and loyalty: the role of urban resistance in a deprived neighborhood of Madrid
Authors: Gutiérrez-Sastre Marta , Rivera-Navarro Jesús , González-Salgado Ignacio , Franco Manuel
Published: November 2023

In large cities, the decay of deprived neighborhoods externalizes the consequences of present-day urban social inequality. Residents of these areas often show discomfort with living in a poor environment. Adopting Hirschman's classic Exit, Voice and Loyalty model, this study analyzes the reactions of residents to dissatisfaction in San Diego, a deprived neighborhood in Madrid. A qualitative methodology was applied to analyze the discourses of residents by conducting fourteen focus groups with diverse profiles according to gender, age, socio-labor situation, and geographical origin. The results reflect that, in a deprived neighborhood, there are limits to reactions, so that exit (moving out) is only partially manifested, and voice (social mobilization) is only temporarily activated, conditioned by the situation and organizational capacity. Loyalty, on the contrary, appears as an option that improves coexistence, but it remains attached to long-term residents and hardly welcomes newcomers, especially immigrants. The explanatory capacity of Hirschman's model is here expanded by exploring the use of resistance as a complementary response. This strategy, as a political reaction, complements voice and reinforces agency by seeking concrete improvements in the daily life of the residents. These qualitative research results provide important insight into neighbors’ reactions in deprived areas, where exit and voice, as main options, are limited, and resistance becomes a significant potential for them.
Potential and risks of nanotechnology applications in COVID-19-related strategies for pandemic control
Authors: Araste Fatemeh , Bakker Astrid Diana , Zandieh-Doulabi Behrouz
Published: November 2023

The ongoing battle against viral infections highlighted so recently by the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates the need to develop new approaches using nanotechnology in antiviral strategies. Nanoparticles have emerged as promising tools in the fight against viral outbreaks, offering various options for application such as biosensors, vaccine nanoparticles, disinfectants, and functionalized nanoparticles. In this comprehensive review, we evaluate the role of nanoparticles in pandemic control, exploring their potential applications, benefits, and associated risks. We first discuss the importance of nanotechnology in viral outbreak management, particularly in vaccine development. Although lipid nanoparticles play a crucial role in mRNA vaccines, there are concerns about their potential side effects. Although functionalization of protective face masks using metallic nanoparticles has emerged as a sustainable alternative to disposable masks, reducing waste production and enhancing virus filtration, improper disposal of such masks leads to environmental contamination and potential ecological harm. Second, we address the potential adverse effects associated with nanoparticle-based vaccines containing polyethylene glycol and other vaccine components, which trigger autoimmune diseases and alter menstrual cycles. To manage outbreaks effectively, we must minimize such potential risks and environmental impacts. Thus, when developing effective strategies for future pandemic control, it is crucial to understand the advantages and challenges associated with nanoparticle usage.
Predictable EPS growth and the performance of value investing
Authors: Sloan Richard G. , Wang Annika Yu
Published: November 2023

Previous research finds that EPS growth rates are difficult to predict and reasons that much of the observed cross-sectional variation in valuation ratios is due to variation in implied future stock returns. Yet the observed cross-sectional relation between valuation ratios and realized future stock returns is weak. We revisit these findings using a refined measure of expected EPS growth rates and document robust evidence of predictability in EPS growth rates. Moreover, we find that this predictable growth extends beyond two years into the future and is strongly reflected in observed valuation ratios. We show that combining valuation ratios with our refined measure of expected EPS growth rates improves forecasts of stock returns, though return predictability remains weak. Thus, we conclude that most of the variation in valuation ratios is driven by predictable EPS growth.
Discovery of a Cataclastic Shear Zone from the East Dharwar Craton, India
Authors: Chetty T. R. K.
Published: November 2023

A new cataclastic shear zone, exposed between Rangapur and Shivannaguda, from the East Dharwar Craton, is reported here for the first time. The shear zone is characterized by breccias, cataclasites, mylonites and intense fracturing suggesting that the rocks are subjected to brittle-ductile transitional deformation. Image interpretation and preliminary field observations suggest that the shear zone stands out as a potential field example for demonstration and future geoscientific investigations.
Treatment of Frey Syndrome with Botulinum Toxin-A: A Practical Approach from Minor’s Test to Injection
Authors: Fiedler Lukas S. , Burk Fabian
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Frey's syndrome, described by Lucy Frey in 1923, is a unique condition characterized by sweating, flushing, and reddening as a direct response to mastication. This phenomenon results from the aberrant regeneration of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons originating from the auriculotemporal nerve and the subsequent acetylcholine secretion induced by masticatory stimuli. Although rare, this syndrome can have multiple underlying causes and is frequently observed, occurring in up to 65% of cases following lateral parotid resections. Additionally, it can less commonly manifest after neck dissection, facelift procedures, or be associated with diabetes mellitus.

Method

This article outlines a comprehensive diagnostic algorithm for Frey's syndrome, which includes the utilization of the Minor-Starch-Iodine Test. This test is a key component in diagnosing the syndrome and is discussed in detail, providing insights into its procedure and interpretation. Additionally, the gold standard of treatment for established Frey's syndrome, botulinum toxin A, is thoroughly described, including its mechanism of action, administration, and potential side effects.

Discussion

Finally, the article underscores the need for further research to enhance our understanding of Frey's syndrome, leading to better diagnostic methods and more tailored treatment options for patients.
How consumption carbon emission intensity varies across Spanish households
Authors: Basso Henrique S. , Dimakou Ourania , Pidkuyko Myroslav
Published: November 2023

The prominence of emissions mitigating policies call for an understanding of their potential distributional impact. To assess this heterogeneity, we quantify and analyse the consumption emission intensity, defined as carbon emissions per unit of consumption, across households in Spain. With the exception of the poorest households, emission intensity decreases with income and peaks for households whose head is middle-aged (40 years old). Moreover, households whose main earner is less educated and male, and who live in smaller cities and rent their main residence, also emit more per unit of expenditure and thus, may be disproportionably impacted by emissions mitigating policies.
11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1) gene expression in muscle is linked to reduced skeletal muscle index in sarcopenic patients
Authors: Schluessel Sabine , Zhang Wei , Nowotny Hanna , Bidlingmaier Martin , Hintze Stefan , Kunz Sonja , Martini Sebastian , Mehaffey Stefan , Meinke Peter , Neuerburg Carl , Schmidmaier Ralf , Schoser Benedikt , Reisch Nicole , Drey Michael
Published: November 2023

Background

Glucocorticoids play a significant role in metabolic processes and pathways that impact muscle size, mass, and function. The expression of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1) has been previously described as a major regulator of skeletal muscle function in glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy and aging humans. Our study aimed to investigate glucocorticoid metabolism, including the expression of HSD11B1 in skeletal muscle, in patients with sarcopenia.

Methods

Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle of thirty-three patients over 60 years of age with hip fractures. Sarcopenia status was assessed according to the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2. Skeletal muscle mass was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Cortisol and cortisone concentrations were measured in serum. Gene expression analysis of HSD11B1, NR3C1, FBXO32, and TRIM63 in muscle biopsies was performed. Serial cross sections of skeletal muscle were labeled with myosin heavy chain slow (fiber type-1) and fast (fiber type-2) antibodies.

Results

The study included 33 patients (21 women) with a mean age of 82.5 ± 6.3 years, 17 patients revealed sarcopenic (n = 16 non-sarcopenic). Serum cortisone concentrations were negatively correlated with muscle mass (ß =  − 0.425; p = 0.034) and type-2 fiber diameter (ß =  − 0.591; p = 0.003). Gene expression of HSD11B1 (ß =  − 0.673; p = 0.008) showed a negative correlation with muscle mass in the sarcopenic group. A significant correlation was found for the non-sarcopenic group for NR3C1 (ß = 0.548; p = 0.028) and muscle mass.

Conclusion

These findings suggest a pathogenetic role of HSD11B1 in sarcopenic muscle.
Electro-cementation of calcareous sand using colloidal silica (CS) nanoparticles and alumina powder
Authors: Ashour Nermeen Fouad , Hussein Ashraf Kamal , El Sherbeeny Rami Mahmoud , Omar Omar Osman , Khedr Safwan Abbas
Published: November 2023

The research investigates the effectiveness of a ground improvement technique that involves the electro-cementation of an onshore calcareous sand containing 95.3% calcium carbonate through a series of laboratory experiments. Colloidal silica (CS) nanoparticles and alumina powder were introduced as pozzolanic materials in the sand, and a direct current (DC) was passed through the sand-silica-alumina mix inside an electrokinetic (EK) cell. The method resulted in the electro-cementation of the calcareous sand through the formation of calcium silicate hydrates (C–S–Hs) and calcium aluminate hydrates (C–A–Hs) as products of the pozzolanic reactions between Ca(OH)2, SiO2 and Al2O3 after electrolysis occurred. Iron-rich cements were also formed by the degradation of anodes. These newly formed compounds changed the nature of the treated soil from a granular material into a rock. Results show that the compressive strength of the resulting rock formation is significantly improved. The treatment can be considered as an artificial lithification process through which the nature of the treated soil was changed from a granular material into a rock formation. The electro-cementation achieved by the treatment was further assessed by spectroscopic analyses including FE-SEM, EDX and XRD, which confirmed the formation of cementing agents within the structure of the treated sand. Potential applications of the technique include caissons, highway construction projects, dune fixation and erosion control, in addition to liquefaction mitigation due to electrolysis of pore water and plugging the pores with cementitious materials.
Agroecosystem modeling of reactive nitrogen emissions from U.S. agricultural soils with carbon amendments
Authors: Luo Lina , Cohan Daniel S. , Masiello Caroline A. , Lychuk Taras E. , Gao Xiaodong
Published: November 2023

Fertilizer-intensive agriculture is a leading source of reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions that damage climate, air quality, and human health. Biochar has long been studied as a soil amendment, but its influence on Nr emissions remains insufficiently characterized. More recently, the pyrolysis of light hydrocarbons has been suggested as a source of hydrogen fuel, resulting in a solid zero-valent carbon (ZVC) byproduct whose impact on soil emissions has yet to be tested. We incorporate carbon amendment algorithms into an agroecosystem model to simulate emission changes in the year following the application of biochar or ZVC to the US. fertilized soils. Our simulations predicted that the impacts of biochar amendments on Nr emissions would vary widely (− 17% to + 27% under 5 ton ha−1 applications, − 38% to + 18% under 20 ton ha−1 applications) and depend mostly on how nitrification is affected. Low-dose biochar application (5 ton ha−1) stimulated emissions of all three nitrogen species in 75% of simulated agricultural areas, while high-dose applications (20 ton ha−1) mitigated emissions in 76% of simulated areas. Applying zero-valent carbon at 20 ton ha−1 exhibited similar effects on nitrogen emissions as biochar applications at 5 ton ha−1. Biochar amendments are most likely to mitigate emissions if applied at high rates in acidic soils (pH < 5.84) with low organic carbon (< 55.9 kg C ha−1) and inorganic nitrogen (< 101.5 kg N ha−1) content. Our simulations could inform where the application of carbon amendments would most likely mitigate Nr emissions and their associated adverse impacts.

Graphical Abstract
FinTech
Authors: Buckley Ross P. , Arner Douglas W. , Zetzsche Dirk A.
Published: November 2023

In this comprehensive, accessible work, Ross P. Buckley, Douglas W. Arner, and Dirk A. Zetzsche offer an ideal reference for anyone seeking to understand the technological transformation of finance and the role of regulation: the world of FinTech. They consider FinTech technologies including artificial intelligence, blockchain, BigData, cloud computing, cryptocurrencies, central bank digital currencies, and distributed ledger technology, and provide a unique perspective on FinTech as an interactive system involving finance, technology, law, and regulation. Starting with an evolutionary perspective, the authors then consider the major technologies transforming finance, arguing for approaches to balance the risks and challenges of innovation. They address the central role of infrastructure in digital financial transformation, highlighting lessons from China, India, and the EU, as well as the impact of pandemics and other sustainability crises, while considering the risks generated by FinTech. They conclude by offering forward-looking regulatory strategies to address the challenges facing our world today.
The Sacraments of the Law and the Law of the Sacraments
Authors: Hahn Judith
Published: November 2023

'Sacramentality' can serve as a category that helps to understand the performative power of religious and legal rituals. Through the analysis of 'sacraments', we can observe how law uses sacramentality to change reality through performative action, and how religion uses law to organise religious rituals, including sacraments. The study of sacramental action thus shows how law and religion intertwine to produce legal, spiritual, and other social effects. In this volume, Judith Hahn explores this interplay by interpreting the Catholic sacraments as examples of sacro-legal symbols that draw on the sacramental functioning of the law to provide both spiritual and legal goods to church members. By focusing on sacro-legal symbols from the perspective of sacramental theology, legal studies, ritual theory, symbol theory, and speech act theory, Hahn's  study reveals how law and religion work hand in hand to shape our social reality.
The Analogical Reader
Authors: Dixon Peter , Bortolussi Marisa
Published: November 2023

Perspective taking is a critical component of approaches to literature and narrative, but there is no coherent, broadly applicable, and process-based account of what it is and how it occurs. This book provides a multidisciplinary coverage of the topic, weaving together key insights from different disciplines into a comprehensive theory of perspective taking in literature and in life. The essential insight is that taking a perspective requires constructing an analogy between one's own personal knowledge and experience and that of the perspective taking target. This analysis is used to reassess a broad swath of research in mind reading and literary studies. It develops the dynamics of how analogy is used in perspective taking and the challenges that must be overcome under some circumstances. New empirical evidence is provided in support of the theory, and numerous examples from popular and literary fiction are used to illustrate the concepts. This title is part of the Flip it Open programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
China and the Philippines
Authors: Guingona Phillip B.
Published: November 2023

Foregrounding the entangled history of China and the Philippines, Guingona brings to life an array of understudied, but influential characters, such as Filipino jazz musicians, magnetic Chinese swimmers, expert Filipino marksmen, leading Chinese educators, Philippine-Chinese bankers, Filipina Carnival Queens, and many others. Through archival research in multiple languages, this innovative study advances a more nuanced reading of world history, reframing our understanding of the first half of the twentieth century by bringing interactions between Asian people to the fore and minimizing the role of those who historically dominated global history narratives. Through methodologically distinct case studies, Guingona presents a critique of Eurocentric approaches to world/global history, shedding light on the interconnected history of China and the Philippines in a transformative period. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
Analysis of modern fan manufacturing variations and their links to Jet-engine performance
Authors: Shahpar S.
Published: November 2023

Every manufacturing procedure is subject to tolerance variations. Over the years, a set of key characteristic features (KCF) that can explain the effect of manufacturing variations on the aero-mechanical performance of a fan blade has been devised and monitored to ensure conformality and good performance. The KCFs are derived from a cloud of coordinate measurement machine (CMM) points and are defined on approved engineering drawings for the manufactured part. In this paper, it is demonstrated that some of the traditional, common wisdom KCFs are not adequate to explain the engine performance deviation behaviour on a test bed at the sea-level condition. On the other hand, good correlation is found by analysing a set of engineering parameters drawn from a new inverse-mapping procedure of the CMM data. It is further demonstrated that a deviation measured via CMM or 3D structured light (GOM) data in cold conditions can be translated to a variation in the hot running shape of the blade. Having identified the key blade features, a cheap alternative to modifying the manufacturing procedure is devised to recover the fan performance by optimising its leading-edge shape.
Evaluation of global sensitivity analysis methods for computational structural mechanics problems
Authors: Crusenberry Cody R. , Sobey Adam J. , TerMaath Stephanie C.
Published: November 2023

The curse of dimensionality confounds the comprehensive evaluation of computational structural mechanics problems. Adequately capturing complex material behavior and interacting physics phenomenon in models can lead to long run times and memory requirements resulting in the need for substantial computational resources to analyze one scenario for a single set of input parameters. The computational requirements are then compounded when considering the number and range of input parameters spanning material properties, loading, boundary conditions, and model geometry that must be evaluated to characterize behavior, identify dominant parameters, perform uncertainty quantification, and optimize performance. To reduce model dimensionality, global sensitivity analysis (GSA) enables the identification of dominant input parameters for a specific structural performance output. However, many distinct types of GSA methods are available, presenting a challenge when selecting the optimal approach for a specific problem. While substantial documentation is available in the literature providing details on the methodology and derivation of GSA methods, application-based case studies focus on fields such as finance, chemistry, and environmental science. To inform the selection and implementation of a GSA method for structural mechanics problems for a nonexpert user, this article investigates five of the most widespread GSA methods with commonly used structural mechanics methods and models of varying dimensionality and complexity. It is concluded that all methods can identify the most dominant parameters, although with significantly different computational costs and quantitative capabilities. Therefore, method selection is dependent on computational resources, information required from the GSA, and available data.