bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemotherapy with intravenous, intratumoral, or combined administration of bleomycin in the treatment of colorectal hepatic metastases in a rat model
Authors: Spiliotis Antonios E. , Holländer Sebastian , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Eisele Robert , Nika Spyridon , Kyriakides Orestis Mallis , Laschke Matthias W. , Menger Michael D. , Glanemann Matthias , Gäbelein Gereon
Published: June 2024

Electrochemotherapy (ECT) combines the reversible electroporation (rEP) with intravenous (i.v.) or intratumoral (i.t.) administration of chemotherapeutic drugs. We conducted this study to compare the efficacy of i.v., i.t., and i.v. + i.t. injection of bleomycin (BLM) in ECT treatment of colorectal hepatic metastases in a rat model. WAG/Rij rats were randomized into three groups and underwent ECT with i.v., i.t., or i.v. + i.t. injection of BLM. Tumor volumes and oxygenation were measured by means of ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging. Moreover, liver and tumor tissue were analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. The i.v. and i.v. + i.t. groups exhibited a 44.0% and 46.6% reduction in oxygen saturation of the tumor tissue when compared to pretreatment values, whereas the i.t. group only showed a reduction of 35.2%. The extent of tumor tissue necrosis did not statistically differ between the groups. However, the i.t. group showed a tendency towards a lower necrosis rate. Cell proliferation, apoptotic cell death, vascularization, and immune cell infiltration were comparable in the treated tumors of the three groups. ECT with i.v. administration of BLM should be preferred in clinical practice, as the combined i.v. + i.t. therapy did not show superior oncological outcomes in the present study.
Perception of body size across weight categories and association with body size dissatisfaction: A cross-sectional study among early primary school children
Authors: Drilen Tove L. , Eik-Nes Trine T. , Ersfjord Ellen M. I. , Klöckner Christian A. , Ødegård Rønnaug A.
Published: June 2024

Background Misperception of body size may affect children's health, however, associations with body size dissatisfaction among young children remain uncertain. Hence, this study aims to explore body size misperception (BSM) across weight categories and associations with body size dissatisfaction (BSD) in 8-9-year-old Norwegian children.Methods Using researcher-assisted interviews and figure rating scales, children's perceived current and ideal body size figures were assessed and compared with objectively measured body mass index (BMI) to evaluate three body image constructs: 1. body size dissatisfaction (perceived-ideal), 2. body size misperception (perceived-measured) and 3. discrepancy between objectively measured body size and the children's ideals (measured-ideal). The relationship between BSM and BSD was examined by multinomial logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders (gender, BMI, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and residency).Results The children's mean perceived body size figure (4.11) resembled their ideal figure (4.06) but was larger than their mean objectively measured figure (3.23). Most participants misperceived their body size, with a tendency to overestimate body size among children categorized as underweight or healthy weight. Children with overweight/obesity perceived their body size most precisely (30%), with higher odds of underestimating their body size (OR 13.17 [95% CI 3.88, 44.77]) compared to children in lower weight categories. No association was found between body size misperception and body size dissatisfaction for either underestimation or overestimation of body size figures.Conclusions Children categorized with underweight or overweight/obesity were likely to perceive a healthy body size figure, whereas the majority of children with healthy weight, overestimated their current body size. Children's perceived body size was in line with their ideal body size figure, but higher than the health professionals' reference categories for healthy weight. The longitudinal impact of body size misperception on children’s health should be further elucidated.
Long‑term HbA1c variability predicts diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from the Brazilian Diabetes Study
Authors: de jesus daniel Campos , Barreto Joaquim , Chaves Fernando , Gasparini Matheus S. , Fernandes Vicente H. R. , Sposito Andrei C
Published: June 2024

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working-age patients. Although prior studies revealed hyperglycemia as an imperative marker of diabetic retinopathy risk, whether glycemic variability imposes an increased risk of retinopathy remains unclear. As retinopathy is often diagnosed at later stages, when the potential benefit of intervention is significantly attenuated, assessing glycemic variability as an added source when selecting diabetes patients for earlier referral for ophthalmological evaluation may assist in preventing disability. To evaluate this hypothesis, this study investigated the relationship between glycemic variability parameters and diabetic retinopathy using data from a local cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Basic procedures. This study included cohort members aged 18 years and older who had undergone ophthalmological examinations, including retinography and visual acuity testing, and who had at least two glycemic hemoglobin measurements throughout their participation in the study. The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS)criteria were used to classify diabetic retinopathy. Using validated methods, glycemic variability was calculated as the standard deviation and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions.
Main findings: In the studied included 238 patients, 22% of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) had DR. Each 1% increase in baseline HbA1c was related to a 44% greater risk of diabetic retinopathy (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.190–1.754, p 0.001). A one-unit increase in the standard deviation of HbA1c was associated with a 74% increased risk of DR (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.067–2.847; p 0.027).
Principal conclusions: Glycated hemoglobin variability, measured as the standard deviation of repeated measures, was independently related to diabetic retinopathy risk (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04949152).
Analysis of risk factors and development of a nomogram prediction model for tubular acidosis in primary Sjogren syndrome patients
Authors: Zeng Yanzhen , Liu Runzhi , Li Shuyi , Wei Jingwen , Luo Fei , Chen Yongkang , Zhou Dongmei
Published: June 2024

Objective
To investigate the risk factors of RTA in patients with pSS and create a personalized nomogram for predicting pSS-RTA patients.
Method
Data from 99 pSS patients who underwent inpatient treatment at our hospital from January 2012 to January 2024 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Bootstrap resampling technique, single-factor, and multi-factor logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors for pSS-RTA. A nomogram was developed based on the results of the multivariate logistic model. The model was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic curve, C-index, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis .
Results
A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that concurrent thyroid disease, long symptom duration, subjective dry mouth, and positive RF were independent risk factors for pSS-RTA patients. Based on them, a personalized nomogram predictive model was established. With a p-value of 0.657 from the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, the model demonstrated a good fit. The AUC values in the training and validation groups were 0.912 and 0.896, indicating a strong discriminative power of the nomogram. The calibration curves for the training and validation groups closely followed the diagonal line with a slope of 1, confirming the model’s reliable predictive ability. Furthermore, the decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram model had a net benefit in predicting pSS-RTA, emphasizing its clinical value.
Discussion
We developed a nomogram to predict RTA occurrence in pSS patients, and it is believed to provide a foundation for early identification and intervention for high-risk pSS patients.
Effects of aerobic exercise interventions on cognitive function and quality of life in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shu Wanyu , Kim Sungmin
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the specific effects of aerobic exercise on overall cognitive function, memory, executive function, and quality of life among older adults diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Additionally, the study aimed to analyze the impact of exercise interventions on older adults with MCI, taking into account the measurement tools, exercise type, frequency, and duration, while also evaluating recommended interventions from randomized controlled trials(RCTs). We reviewed 22 studies from Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. The findings of this study indicate that aerobic dance markedly enhances overall cognitive function, effectively elevates quality of life, and demonstrates a modest improvement in memory and executive function among individuals with MCI. Moreover, Subgroup analyses revealed that square dancing had a notably beneficial intervention effect, given its low-cost, easy-to-learn, and inclusive nature. This suggests its suitability for exercise interventions in MCI patients. Additionally, interventions twice a week, each lasting over 50 minutes, yielded better aerobic exercise outcomes. However, due to the unknown optimal mechanisms, further rigorous, large-scale randomized controlled trials are imperative to enhance our understanding and refine intervention strategies.
Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulation with MOF-303 and Metal-doped MOF-303
Authors: Ahn Jeongho , Kim Jinsoo , Chang Kunok
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the factors that enhance the selective adsorption performance of Xe and Kr in Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) using Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulation. Simulations were conducted with MOFs such as SBMOF-1, UiO-66, and MOF-303, which have large pores capable of trapping Xe and Kr inside their structures. In the case of MOF-303, doping with copper increased adsorption and selectivity performance.
To further investigate the effect of different doping metals on MOF-303, additional atoms such as silver and gold were used in simulations, as they belong to the same group in the periodic table as copper. The simulation results showed that Cu-doped MOF-303 exhibited a high Xe adsorption capacity per unit mass. However, Ag-doped MOF-303 demonstrated better adsorption performance per unit cell than Cu-doped MOF-303 due to larger Van der Waals interaction energy with Xe when Ag was doped. Additionally, Ag-doped MOF-303 showed better adsorption than Au-doped MOF-303 because Ag-doped MOF-303 has more pores suitable for Xe and Kr adsorption than Au-doped MOF-303.
The simulation results indicate that when different metals are doped into the MOF structure, higher adsorption performance is achieved with metals that exhibit stronger Van der Waals interaction energy with the adsorbate and when the MOF contains more pores larger than the adsorbate atoms.
Risk Prediction of Multiple-station N2 Metastasis in Patients with Upfront Surgery for Clinical Single-station N2 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kim Joon Young , Lee Han Pil , Yun Jae Kwang , Lee Geun Dong , Choi Sehoon , Kim Hyeong Ryul , Kim Yong–Hee , Kim Dong Kwan , Park Seung–Il
Published: June 2024

Objectives
To investigate long-term outcomes and develop a risk model for pathological multi–station N2 (pN2b) in patients who underwent upfront surgery for clinical single–station N2 (cN2a) non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Methods
From 2006 to 2018, 547 patients who had upfront surgery for suspected cN2a NSCLC underwent analysis. A risk model for predicting pN2b metastasis was developed using preoperative clinical variables via multivariable logistic analysis.
Results
Among 547 clinical cN2a NSCLC patients, 118 (21.6%), 58 (10.6%), and 371 (67.8%) had pN0, pN1, and pN2. Among 371 pN2 NSCLC patients, 77 (20.8%), 165 (44.5%), and 129 (34.7%) had pN2a1, pN2a2, and pN2b. The 5-year overall survival rates for pN2a1 and pN2a2 were significantly higher than for pN2b (p = 0.041). Histologic type (p < 0.001), age ≤ 50 years (p < 0.001), preoperatively confirmed N2 metastasis (p < 0.001), and clinical stage IIIB (vs. IIIA) (p = 0.003) were independent risk factors for pN2b metastasis. The risk scoring system based on this model demonstrated good discriminant ability for pN2b disease (area under receiver operating characteristic: 0.779).
Conclusions
In cN2a NSCLC patients, those with multiple N2 metastases indicate worse prognosis than those with a single N2 metastasis. Our risk scoring system effectively predicts pN2b in these patients.
Differences of Clinical Phenotype Between Familial and Sporadic Crohn’s disease in East China
Authors: Dong Siyuan , Xiang Xiaoxia , Zhang Yu , Liu Rongbei , Ye Lingna , Cao Qian
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Family history is one of the strongest risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) while studies about the clinical phenotype of familial IBD are limited. This study aimed to compare the phenotypic features of familial Crohn’s disease (CD) with sporadic CD.
Methods: Familial CD was defined as CD patients having one or more first-, second-, third-, fourth-degree, or above relatives with CD. Sporadic CD patients hospitalized during the same period were matched 1:3 by age and gender. Differences in clinical characteristics, phenotype distribution, extra-intestinal manifestations, and complications at diagnosis, as well as treatment regimen and surgery, were compared between familial and sporadic CD.
Results: The familial CD was associated with a higher rate of past appendectomy history (P=0.009), more intestinal perforation at onset (P=0.012), more anal lesion (P=0.023), and gastrointestinal perforation (P=0.040) at diagnosis, higher rate of past intestinal surgery history (P=0.007), more number of intestinal surgeries (P=0.037), longer duration of follow-up (P=0.017), lower rate of taking biologicals for current maintenance (P=0.043), lower tendency to upgrade to biologicals during follow-up (P=0.013), higher possibility to experience gastrointestinal obstruction (P=0.047) and abdominal abscess during follow-up (P=0.045).
Conclusion: Familial CD is associated with a more aggressive clinical phenotype.
A comparative study of ZnO, ZnO/GO and ZnO/RGO nanocomposites for the energy application.
Authors: Mahmood Tahir , Baig Faran
Published: June 2024

This research investigates the synergistic properties of ZnO, ZnO-Graphene oxide and ZnO reduced Graphene oxide nanocomposites that are fabricated by hydrothermal method for energy application due to its potential energy storage capacity for super capacitor. This study involves the fabrication and characterization of these nanocomposites showing their structural, morphological and electrochemical properties. The performance of each nanocomposites is evaluated on the basis of energy application like super capacitor and batteries to determine their suitability for enhancing energy storage and conversion. This will highlight the best energy storage capacity of the nanocomposites and provide insight into their potential contribution to advancing energy technologies. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows the presence of wrinkled and transparent dense particles of nanocomposites. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) results shows the impact of allotropic form of carbon on the optical and electrochemical properties of the nanocomposites. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) give the elemental composition of the nanocomposite. The cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy results explain the fast movement of electrons and explain the electrochemical properties of the prepared samples. Presence of allotropic form of carbon (graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide) increases the surface area of the nanocomposites that makes the material suitable for the energy storage applications. This research give an easy approach for the synthesis, characterization and comparative study of ZnO, ZnO/GO and ZnO/RGO for the use of energy applications.
Efficiency of genome editing using modified single-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotides in human cells
Authors: Maseda Hideaki , Kim Seryoung , Matsushita Yosuke , Katagiri Toyomasa
Published: June 2024

Single-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ssODN) gene editing has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. However, further improvements in efficiency are desired for practical application. The effects of strand length and locked nucleic acid (LNA) modification on ssODN genome editing were investigated by introducing an assay cassette into the genome of HEK293T cells and measuring precise base deletions of eight bases. The introduction of LNAs into ssODNs, five pairs of LNAs at 25–35 nt from the centre and one pair at 20–25 nt, showed approximately 18-fold higher efficiency than unmodified ssODNs of the same length in the study using 70 nt ssODNs. In addition, genome editing efficiency was further improved when LNAs were introduced at the same positions as the 70 nt ssODN, which showed the highest efficiency for the 90 nt ssODN. However, in some cases, the same number of LNA modifications could conversely reduce the efficiency, and the modification positions in the ssODN method were successfully optimised in the present study. Furthermore, the oligo DNA was shown to be effective not only for deletions but also for base substitutions, with an editing efficiency of 0.63% per cell.
Analysis of clinical factors in first diagnosis of immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with report of 6 cases
Authors: Lingyu Wang , Weizhang Shen , Lishen Ren , Lei Tan , Jinliang Li
Published: June 2024

Objective
This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics, timing of intervention, diagnostic and treatment options, and prognostic factors in patients with immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP).Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of iTTP patients who visited the Second Hospital of Jilin University from January 2020 to April 2023, encompassing individuals with complete clinical data. The analysis included an examination of clinical manifestations and auxiliary test results.Results: The study involved 6 patients (5 males, 1 female) with an age range of 29–84 years, and a median age of 58 years. Common clinical manifestations comprised thrombocytopenia, hematuria, soy sauce-colored urine, as well as neurological and psychiatric symptoms. All six patients underwent treatment with therapeutic plasma exchange(TPE), with three of them also receiving rituximab (3/6). The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 21 months, with a median of 10 months, concluding in April 2023. Of the six cases, three patients survived, while the remaining three succumbed in March 2021, July 2022, and March 2023, respectively.Conclusion: TTP diagnosis is often delayed due to its nonspecific clinical presentation. Accurate clinical diagnosis of TTP relies on assessing ADAMTS13 activity levels and genetic testing. Following PLASMIC-S guidelines, immediate plasma exchange and glucocorticoid therapy are recommended once diagnosis is suspected. Additionally, the evolving clinical landscape has seen an increasing number of patients benefiting from a combination of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies and other novel drugs. This expanding repertoire of treatment options enhances the multidisciplinary and comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for iTTP.
Activation of Ca2+ oscillations in rice (Oryza sativa) root hairs expressing the legume-specific Nod factor receptor kinases MtNFP and MtLYK3
Authors: Singh Anjulata , Altúzar-Molina Alma , Kaur Gurdeep , Sidhu Gurbir Kaur , MANDAL PRANAB KUMAR , Reddy Pallavolu Maheswara
Published: June 2024

Nitrogen is a critical nutrient for rice production. Chemical fertilizers have been the main source of nitrogen for crop production, but their indiscriminate use has adversely affected human and environmental health. Legumes form symbiosis with rhizobia as well as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to fix atmospheric nitrogen and uptake of phosphorus, respectively. Formation of symbiotic associations in legumes with rhizobia and AMF utilize a shared genetic network known as a common symbiotic signalling pathway (CSSP). Similar to legumes rice forms a symbiotic association only with AMF and possesses a similar CSSP that promotes the formation of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS). Some vital genes for Nod factor (NF) perception are not conserved in rice, while a part of the genetic network for rhizobial symbiosis in legumes is conserved in rice. Hence, to make a symbiotic association with Rhizobium, we developed transgenic rice lines expressing legume nodulation-specific receptor kinase genes (MtLYK3 and MtNFP) and evaluated their ability to perceive rhizobial NF. Besides, we crossed these transgenic plants with others expressing the Cameleon calcium (Ca2+) sensor and assessed the NF-induced Ca2+ fluxes and spiking around nuclei in root hairs. Confocal microscopy of the root hairs in the hybrid transgenic plants revealed that NF can promote Ca2+ fluxes at root hair tips as well as Ca2+ spiking around nuclei. These results showed that the rice plants expressing MtLYK3 and MtNFP gained the ability to perceive NF and transmit nod signals appropriately to trigger calcium fluxes and spiking akin to that in legume roots.
Analysis and identification of mitochondrial DNA associated with age-related hearing loss
Authors: ma Tianyu , Zeng Xiaoyun , Liu Mengting , Xu Shijia , Wang Yuyao , Wu Qilong , Zhang# Tianhong
Published: June 2024

Background
To explore the mitochondrial genes that play a key role in the occurrence and development of age-related hearing loss(ARHL), provide a basis for the study of the mechanism of ARHL.
Results
A total of 503 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the GSE49543 dataset,233 genes were up-regulated and 270 genes were down-regulated. There are a total of 1140 genes in the mitochondrial gene bank and 28 DE-MFRGS related to ARHL. These genes are mainly involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly, small molecule catabolism, NADH dehydrogenase complex assembly, organic acid catabolism, precursor metabolites and energy production, and mitochondrial span Membrane transport, metabolic processes of active oxygen species. Then, the three key genes were identified by Cytoscape software :Aco2,Bcs1l and Ndufs1. Immunofluorescence and Western blot experiments confirmed that the protein content of three key genes in aging cochlear hair cells decreased.
Conclusion
We employed bioinformatics analysis to screen 503 differentially expressed genes and identified three key genes associated with ARHL. Subsequently, we conducted in vitro experiments to validate their significance, thereby providing a valuable reference for further elucidating the role of mitochondrial function in the pathogenesis and progression of ARHL.
Low Concentration Cell Painting Images Enable the Identification of Highly Potent Compounds
Authors: Ha Son V. , Jaensch Steffen , Freitas Lorena G. A. , Herman Dorota , Czodrowski Paul , Ceulemans Hugo
Published: June 2024

Image-based models that use features extracted from cell microscopy images can estimate the activity of small molecules in various biological assays. Typically, models are trained on images stained by an optimized protocol (e.g. Cell Painting) after exposure to a fairly high small molecule concentration (referred to as ’image concentration’) of 10μM or higher. Low concentration images (e.g. 0.16μM, 0.8μM, 4μM) tend to yield models with worse performance. In this work, we nevertheless report a practical use for low image concentration data. We propose the combination of well-performing models trained at higher image concentrations, with lower image concentration for inference to identify more potent compounds. We show that this approach improves on the traditional method (directly training a high-potency model) in 65% of assays investigated in terms of AUC-ROC, and 75% of assays in terms of RIPtoP-corrected AUC-PR.
Machine learning model based on clinical features to diagnose unexplained dizziness with patent foramen ovale
Authors: Li Yanping , Xiang Wenwen , Luo Haowen , Qiao Luyao , Xu Lijun , Tang Zhenyu
Published: June 2024

Objectives: Until recently, unexplained dizziness has received little attention. Clinicians have troubles to offer for the prevention and treatment of unexplained dizziness. This study aims to develop a machine learning model for diagnosing unexplained dizziness with patent foramen ovale and investigate key clinical features of this disorder.
Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study of adults referred for unexplained dizziness enrolled from January 2019 to June 2023 at our tertiary hospital was undertaken. Subjects were split into dizziness with PFO group and non-PFO group. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. We randomly sampled data into training and validation sets by 7:3. LASSO regression was used to select the saliently important features in the training sets. Seven machine learning algorithms were used to develop a machine learning model for diagnosing unexplained dizziness with PFO. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score were measured to evaluate the performance of models. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) value was used to visualize the importance of key factors.
Results:233 unexplained dizziness patients met the criteria for PFO,160 unexplained dizziness patients without PFO. Dizziness triggers and aggravating factors, recurrent episodes, chest tightness, amaurosis, palpitation, chronic persistent and age were selected according to LASSO regression in the training sets. Repeated cross-validation showed that the LGB model had the highest AUROC of 0.871(95%CI 0.86,0.882), AUPRC of 0.886(95%CI 0.878,0.894) among seven models. The model had high comprehensive performance and strong predictive power. SHAP analysis demonstrated the visual interpretation of the optimal model and revealed how the interaction of age and other features in the model affected the diagnosis of PFO.
Conclusions: The LGB diagnosing model could effectively and reliably diagnose unexplained dizziness with PFO. SHAP analysis could improve the visual interpretation of machine learning models and help physicians better understand how the features affect outcomes.
Polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics aggravates colitis in a mouse model – effects on biodistribution, macrophage polarization, and gut microbiome
Authors: Kopatz Verena , Draganic Kristina , Horvath Angela , Pfneissl Janette , Kabiljo Julijan , Mödl Bernadette , Timelthaler Gerald , Wallner Julia , Mirzaei Zeynab , Beratlyte Saule , Schlederer Michaela , Hollóczki Oldamur , Raigel Martin , Widder Joachim , Resch Ulrike , Kufferath Iris , Wadsak Wolfgang , Sarau George , Christiansen Silke , Kolev Nikola Zlatkov , Eferl Robert , Egger Gerda , Stadlbauer-Köllner Vanessa , Pichler Verena , Kenner Lukas
Published: June 2024

Background
The increasing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rising pollution from micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) particles has prompted investigations on their potential interconnection. To elucidate the complex relationship between IBD and exposure to MNPs, we induced colitis in mice using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and orally administered a solution of differently sized polystyrene (PS) MNPs (diameter 10, 1, and 0.29 µm). These particles facilitated a detailed examination of MNP biodistribution, macrophage response, and gut microbiome alterations under inflammatory conditions.
Results
Specifically nanosized PS particles accumulated in the bloodstream and excretory organs, with enhanced accumulation in the colitis model. Macrophages shifted towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype, with decreased anti-inflammatory markers highlighting the intricate effects of MNPs on inflammation and immune cell behavior. Moreover, MNPs significantly disrupted the gut microbiome, reducing microbial diversity and shifting bacterial populations towards pro-inflammatory and potentially pathogenic species.
Conclusions
These changes suggest that MNP exposure could exacerbate colitis through complex interactions involving MNPs, immune responses, and microbial dynamics. The fast growing exposure to MNPs underscores the urgent need for comprehensive public health strategies to address MNP pollution, its implications for disease and potential impacts on public health.
How does the morphology of proximal femur affect the total hip arthroplasty of hemophilic patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Gong Yichen , Huang Hua , Su Hai , Zhou Haojin , Tong Peijian
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Patients with hemophilia (PWH) constantly suffer hemarthrosis, which leads to deformity of the hip joint. There is a lack of understanding on the unusual morphology of proximal femur in PWH. To explore how does the morphology of proximal femur affect the total hip arthroplasty (THA) of PWH, we conducted a 5-year retrospective study on PWH who underwent THA.
Methods: The retrospective study comprised data of adult patients who received THA from 2018 to 2022 in the research center. Patients having a diagnosis of hemophilic arthritis and received THA were included and divided into three groups according to Dorr classification. The surgical time, surgical blood loss, laboratory examinations post-operation including hemoglobin (HB), total protein (TP), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), D-dimer (D2), C-reactive protein level (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and functional evaluations 1 year after surgery including visual analogue scale (VAS), Harris hip score (HHS), range of motion (ROM) were collected. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test data normality, and t-test were performed by SPSS 20. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: 33 PWH were included in the study and finished follow-up. All cases were male patients. Among the 33 hips, 19 (57.6%) were classified to Dorr A, and 12 (36.4%) were Dorr B, and only 2 (6%) were Dorr C. No significant difference was found in expanse, hospital stay, surgical time and total blood loss. PWH with Dorr A requires significant less coagulation factor than Dorr B and Dorr C. All Dorr types of hips presented good recovery from the surgery according to the perioperative examinations including hemoglobin (HB), total protein (TP), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), D-dimer (D2), C-reactive protein level (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and thigh circumference (TC). The 2-year follow-up demonstrated favorable functional rehabilitation according to functional evaluations including visual analogue scale (VAS), Harris hip score (HHS)) and range of motion (ROM).
Conclusion: In this study, we found that PWH tend to have more Dorr A than the normal. PWH with Dorr A requires smaller dosage to maintain the coagulation factor activity than the Dorr B and Dorr C. Additionally, all types of hip presented good recovery after THA. Finally, THA is an effective treatment for PWH with all Dorr classifications by alleviating the pain and improve the motor function.
Engaging with art in-the-wild at the Barnes Foundation and Penn Museum
Authors: Darda Kohinoor M. , Gonzalez Vicente Estrada , Christensen Alexander P. , Bobrow Isabella , Krimm Amy , Nasim Zuha , Cardillo Eileen R. , Perthes William , Chatterjee Anjan
Published: June 2024

As cultural consumption increasingly moves to a digital space, it is crucial to understand the evolving landscape of art consumption both in and outside of a physical museum context. The current study delves into this contrast, seeking to understand how art is perceived and appreciated in museums and on a digital medium (like a computer screen). Across two experiments at the Barnes Foundation and Penn Museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, we explored how the aesthetic engagement of paintings and artifacts is influenced by the physical context in which an artwork is encountered and by the characteristics of the viewer. Our findings suggest that the cognitive and emotional impacts of artworks on viewers, as well as the viewers’ overall aesthetic experiences are comparable across physical museum spaces and digital platforms. However, participants reported gaining more understanding from art viewed in museums, compared to participants who viewed art in the lab. Art experience and openness to experience influenced aesthetic impacts and ratings differently in the museum and in the lab. Overall, routes to broader valuations of liking were more similar than different between the museum and lab contexts, whereas patterns of impacts that might lead to new knowledge or understanding gained differed between museum and lab contexts. As digital technologies are increasingly integrated into diverse processes in museums such as collections management, curation, exhibitions, and education and learning, our research highlights how museums can leverage digital expansion to achieve their missions as centers of learning and education.
A morphoelastic theory of biological shells: Application to the Volvox globator invagination
Authors: Chen Xiaoyi , Yu Xiang , Ciarletta Pasquale
Published: June 2024

The embryo of Volvox globator, a monolayer spheroidal cell sheet, undergoes an inversion to release its flagella during the late stage of its de- velopment. This inversion, known as the type-B inversion, initiates from the equator. Other types of inversions also exist, such as the inversion from the anterior pole of Volvox carteri and the bowl-shaped inversion of Pleodorina. These inversions can be regarded as axisymmetric processes, during which complex fold patterns are generated. The invagination of the cell sheet plays a crucial role in embryonic development, and our aim is to understand this process from an interdisciplinary point of view, with a particular focus on the mechanical aspects. In this work, we first develop a morphoelastic shell theory for general deformations of biological shells, incorporating both active and passive biomechanical effects, as well as membrane and bending effects. By means of asymptotic analysis, we establish an analytical framework to study axisymmetric deformations of morphoelastic shells focusing mainly on the membrane effects. For illustrative purposes, we apply this framework to investigate the invagination of Volvox globator embryo. The underlying active stretches driving this process are derived analytically by inverse analysis of experimental data through the morphoelastic shell model. We highlight a two- order remodeling strategy that generates the observed invagination pattern: the Gaussian morphing of the cell sheet creates the first fundamental form of the stress-free folded patterns, while a secondary remodeling generates the membrane tension necessary to balance the external pressure and the second fundamental form of the invaginated pattern. This remodeling strategy unveils the complex interplay between geometry, mechanics, and biological processes during Volvox globator embryogenesis.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) MSC code1 · MSC code2 more
An Innovative Comparative Performance Analysis on Document Store Non- Relational Databases
Authors: Miah Shah , Fahd Kiran , Venkatraman Sitalakshmi , Parvin Sazia
Published: June 2024

The crucial role of competent software architecture is essential in managing the challenging of big data processing for both relational and nonrelational databases. Relational databases are designed to structure data for facilitating vertical scalability, while non-relational databases excel in handling vast volumes of unstructured data for enhancing horizontal scalability. Choosing the right database paradigm is determined by the needs of the organization, yet selecting the best option may often be a challenging task. Large number of applications still use relational databases due to its benefits of reliability, flexibility, robustness, and scalability. However, with the rapid growth in web and mobile applications as well as huge amounts of complex unstructured data generated via online and offline platforms, nonrelational databases are compensating for the inefficiency of relational databases. Since selecting the right nonrelational database method for high performing applications from a plethora of possibilities is a challenging task, existing studies are still at emergent stage to compare the performance of different popular nonrelational databases. This paper introduces a novel benchmarking approach for tailoring the comparative study of nonrelational databases. To illustrate our approach, we compare two leading non-relational databases, Aerospike and MongoDB, focusing on their average transaction times to evaluate the database performance. Our comprehensive analysis reveals the strengths of each database in read and write operations for single record and bulk record batch transactions.
Bibliometric analysis and visualisation of research hotspots and frontiers on omics in osteosarcoma
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Cao Xin , Dai Zhongshang , Dai Zhehao
Published: June 2024

Background/objective
Omics technology has become a widely applied biological science that can be used to study the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of osteosarcoma(OS). Bibliometric analysis is still blank in this field.This study aimed to access the trends and hotspots of omics in OS research through the bibliometric analysis method.
Methods
Relevant articles and reviews from 1999 to 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. The data were processed with CiteSpace, and some graphs were generated with Graphpad, VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica, Bibliometrix and R Studio.
Results
A total of 1581 papers were included. China (569, 36.0%) and the United States (523, 33.1%) took the dominant position in the number of published papers, and the links between countries most frequently occurred between North America and East Asia, and between Australia and Europe. Top institutions with the highest number of publications were almost located in the United States, with The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center contributing the most (44, 2.78%). Among the researchers in this field, Cleton-Jansen AM was the author with the highest number of articles in the field (20, 1.27%). According to the keyword cluster analysis, most studies focused on the “comparative genomic hybridization” before 2012. The latest surge words "tumor microenvironment" and "immune infiltration" in the keyword heatmap indicate future research directions.
Conclusion
Our study provided the current status of the omics research in OS on a global level and the hottest directions. The field of omics in OS was developing rapidly, and the main focuses of research were revealing the characteristics of tumor microenvironment of OS and how to activate the immune system to fight cancer cells. Research on the immune microenvironment and its molecular mechanisms will be a priority in the future.
Sequence Tagging Approach in Grammar Error Detection: Identifying Areas of Improvement for the State-of-the-Art
Authors: Wang Qiao , Yuan Zheng
Published: June 2024

This study provides a qualitative evaluation of Seqtagger, a state-of-the-art machine learning-based sequence-tagging model developed for grammatical error detection (GED) and correction (GEC). The model's performance is evaluated on error detection against human benchmarks, with academic texts written by Japanese university students. Through human annotation and subsequent thematic analysis on failures in error detection, this study reveals that Seqtagger performs well in detecting errors related to simpler grammatical rules such as adverb position and prepositions in fixed collocations, with poorer performance in errors possibly influenced by the Japanese language, macro-structure errors and errors where human judgment is required. The underlying reasons for failures in detection are identified to be a narrow context window that fails to capture broader textual information, insufficient training data, particularly data that fully represents the linguistic characteristics of the Japanese students, and overgeneralization of patterns from the training data. These findings highlight the need for sequence-tagging GED and GEC tools to enhance their context window, be more adaptable to the diverse linguistic features of global learners and to enhance the ability to understand the linguistic complexities of the English language.
Wind tunnel tests on aerodynamic loads and structural responses of crescent-shaped wingsails
Authors: Zhu Heng , Chernoray Valery , Ringsberg Jonas W. , Ramne Bengt , Yao Hua-Dong
Published: June 2024

Wingsails as a classical means for wind-assisted ship propulsion is booming today. Crescent-shaped wingsails have shown great potential considering their aerodynamics in thrust generation. However, there have been few studies on its structural responses exposed to unsteady aerodynamic loads. In this study, a crescent-shaped wingsail at a \(1:100\) scale is investigated by using wind tunnel tests. The wingsail with aspect ratios of \(0.19\) and \(0.33\), which are derived from practical wingsail design, are measured at the angle of attack (\(\alpha\)) from \(0^\circ\) to \(90^\circ\), and at the wind speed from \(20 m/s\) to \(40 m/s\). The wind loads, pressure distribution, and wingsail tip displacements are measured and discussed. A study of the Reynolds number sensitivity indicates that the trends of the force coefficients and critical \(\alpha\) are changed when the Reynolds number (\(Re\)) is above \(3.1\times {10}^{5}\). Besides, at \(Re=3.1\times {10}^{5}\) a lift crisis is found for \(\alpha\) below \(10^\circ\), and a drag crisis happens for \(\alpha =0^\circ\) at \(Re=3.6\times {10}^{5}\). Structural response analysis is conducted based on the wingsail tip displacement in the direction perpendicular to the chord line. The fundamental eigenfrequency of the structure, instead of the flow-induced frequencies, is found to dominate the fluid-structure interaction measured in the tests. Furthermore, the aerodynamic performance of a three-wingsail system is analyzed based on experiments. Notable interactions are found among the three wingsails.
Public Response to the Constitutional Court’s Decision on Indonesia’s 2024 Elections
Authors: Permana Indra Surya , Fardhoni Fardhoni , Juliane Christina
Published: June 2024

This research investigates the sentiment analysis of public reactions on Twitter to the Constitutional Court’s decision regarding the 2024 Indonesian election. The study focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of Naive Bayes and Gradient Boosted Machines (GBM) in categorizing Twitter sentiments into positive, negative, or neutral. Utilizing TF-IDF vectorization to process the data, our analysis aimed to discern which model more accurately captures the nuances of public sentiment. The results indicate that while Naive Bayes shows high precision and recall in detecting positive sentiments, it performs less effectively for negative and neutral sentiments. In contrast, GBM offers a more uniform performance across all sentiment categories, with particularly strong detection capabilities for neutral sentiments. This comparative analysis underscores the strengths and limitations of each model, providing valuable insights for selecting appropriate sentiment analysis tools depending on the specific nature of the sentiment being analyzed. This study contributes to the strategic application of sentiment analysis models in monitoring and interpreting public opinions in politically significant contexts.
Comprehensive Characterization of Cs 2 NaBiX 6 (X=Iodide and Bromide) Double Perovskites: Opto-Electro-Mechanical Attributes, Stability, Moisture and Strain Effects
Authors: Babaei Maryam , Saadatmand Seyedeh Bita
Published: June 2024

In this comprehensive study, we investigate the properties of Cs2NaBiX6 (X = I and Br) lead-free double perovskites using density functional theory (DFT). This is the first in-depth DFT-based analysis that delves into the substantial characteristics of these materials, addressing a significant gap in the existing literature. Our analysis focuses on the optical and electronic properties of these materials. Additionally, we examine the impact of strain (tensile and compressive) on their characteristics. The results reveal that Cs2NaBiBr6 emerges as the most thermodynamically and moisture-stable variant, as corroborated by the narrower energy fluctuation range, indicating superior thermal stability. Furthermore, the DFT analysis suggests that the mechanical moduli increase as the halide changes from iodide to bromide. These findings highlight the promising potential of Cs2NaBiX6 (X = I and Br) double perovskites for applications in optoelectronic devices.
Modulation instability of whistler wave with electron loss cone distribution in magnetized plasma
Authors: Zhang Heng , Ge Bin-Wen , Li Jing-Yun , Zhu Zhi-Lin , Zhou Kang
Published: June 2024

The modulation instability of whistler mode waves caused by thermal electron anisotropy is studied. Based on MHD equations, the nonlinear schr\"{o}dinger equation (NLSE) that describes the nonlinear modulation of whistler waves is derived by Using the Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky (KBM) method. The condition for wave modulation instability is obtained from the loss cone distribution function of thermal electron anisotropy, revealing that the nonlinear growth of the waves tends towards electron perpendicular temperature anisotropy. By setting up continuous background waves and introducing small ion low frequency perturbations, we find that the change in the amplitude of the modulated wave is related with wave number. This finding has been validated through simulations that align with our analytical results. Additionally, we also calculate the maximum amplitude of the wave with loss cone angle and times, which revealed that the electron vertical temperature anisotropy will lead to the modulation instability of the whistler wave. This further confirms the occurrence of the modulation instability of the whistler wave in laboratory plasmas and strengthens their credibility.