bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lockdowns and the ethics of intergenerational compensation
Authors: Kalewold Kalewold Hailu
Published: May 2023

Lockdowns were a morally and medically appropriate anti-contagion policy to stop the spread of Covid. However, lockdowns came with considerable costs. Specifically, lockdowns imposed harms and losses upon the young in order to benefit the elderly, who were at the highest risk of severe illness and death from Covid. This represented a shifting of the (epidemiological) burden of Covid for the elderly to a systemic burden of lockdown upon the young. This article argues that even if lockdowns were a morally permissible response to Covid, the harms and losses they imposed on the young ground a claim of compensation. I defend an intergenerational compensation argument that defends a claim for an egalitarian intergenerational transfer to compensate the young for the harms of lockdown.
Critical theory and North American indigenous thought
Authors: Piccolo Samuel
Published: May 2023

In recent years, critical theorists such as Amy Allen and Robert Nichols have aimed to “decolonize critical theory,” by which they mean to make the tradition of critical theory less hostile to, and more compatible with, the ideas and movements of Indigenous peoples. In this article, however, I argue these efforts have failed to consider the relationship of two key elements of critical theory with Indigenous thought: that all normativity is generated immanently to historically and socially located struggle, and that normativity is negatively defined. These two elements, I argue, are not fully endorsed in the work of many Indigenous thinkers. By drawing on the work of a diverse group of contemporary Indigenous scholars, I show, first, that nature is generally a relevant normative category in Indigenous thinking in a way that is irreducible to historical location. Second, I argue that for many Native scholars, right action is not simply a matter of resisting colonialism. While resistance features heavily, of course, I suggest that Indigenous thinking often includes a substantive positive vision of living well that has not—as of yet—been considered by critical theorists.
Fabrication of multifunctional cotton textile with battery waste- derived graphene oxide for enhanced joule heating and electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Suryaprabha Thirumalaisamy , Park Seungkyung
Published: May 2023

Nowadays, the research on wearable electronics have received tremendous attraction because of their potential applications in personalized health monitoring and treatment, energy conversion and storage, and human-machine interface system. Herein, we report a facile route for the fabrication of electrically conductive cotton fabric with excellent joule heating and high electromagnetic shielding performances using graphene oxide (GO) and silver nitrate (AgNO3). The GO used in this study is exclusively synthesized from spent batteries in order to minimize the environmental pollution. The surface morphology, elemental analysis, electrical conductivity, thermo-heating behavior and electromagnetic shielding performance have been studied systematically. Due to the high electrical conductivity, the GO-Ag coated cotton with 5 wt% of GO reached high surface temperature of 117.8°C within 35 s, and also it exhibits high electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency value of 79.08 dB. The high flexibility, excellent conductivity, electromagnetic shielding efficiency and joule heating performance of GO-Ag coated cotton fabric suggesting that the GO synthesized from spent batteries will be a potential and valuable resource for the new generation of wearable electronics.
Activation of neurons and satellite glial cells in the DRG produces morphine-induced hyperalgesia
Authors: Yamakita Shunsuke , Fujita Daisuke , Sudo Kazuki , Ishikawa Daiki , Kushimoto Kohsuke , Horii Yasuhiko , Amaya Fumimasa
Published: May 2023

Activation of neurons and glial cells in the dorsal root ganglion is one of the key mechanisms for the development of hyperalgesia. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of neuroglial activity in the development of opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Male rats were treated with morphine daily for 3 days. The resultant phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 in the dorsal root ganglion was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Pain hypersensitivity was analyzed using behavioral studies. The amount of cytokine expression in the dorsal root ganglion was also analyzed. Repeated morphine treatment induced hyperalgesia and marked induction of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in the neurons and satellite glial cells on day 3. An opioid receptor antagonist, toll like receptor-4 inhibitor, MAP/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor and gap junction inhibitor inhibited morphine-induced hyperalgesia and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Morphine treatment induced alteration of cytokine expression, which was inhibited by the opioid receptor antagonist, toll like receptor-4 inhibitor, MEK inhibitor and gap junction inhibitor. Dexamethasone inhibited morphine-induced hyperalgesia and ERK1/2 phosphorylation after morphine treatment. The peripherally restricted opioid receptor antagonist, methylnaltrexone, inhibited hyperalgesia and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Morphine activates ERK1/2 in neurons and satellite glial cells in the dorsal root ganglion via the opioid receptor and toll like receptor-4. ERK1/2 phosphorylation is gap junction-dependent and is associated with the alteration of cytokine expression. Inhibition of neuroinflammation by activation of neurons and glia might be a promising target to prevent opioid-induced hyperalgesia.
Feasibility and acceptability of a remotely delivered transdiagnostic CBT treatment for postnatal anxiety and related disorders: A pilot case series
Authors: Maguire Peta N , Bhullar Navjot , Cosh Suzanne M , Wootton Bethany M
Published: May 2023

Women in the postnatal period are at a high risk of developing clinically significant symptoms of anxiety. Cognitive behavioural therapy is effective in the treatment of postnatal anxiety; however, there are many barriers to accessing this treatment. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy delivered remotely via Internet videoconferencing. Three women ( Mage = 28.33 years; SD = 4.04) with a postnatal anxiety-related disorder were treated using the videoconference-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy. The treatment was delivered once per week over a 5-week period. All participants met criteria for clinically significant change in anxiety symptoms at post-treatment, and one participant met criteria for clinically significant change in depressive symptoms, which was maintained at 3-month follow-up. The intervention was also found to be acceptable by participants. The results provide preliminary feasibility evidence of the clinical utility and acceptability of remotely delivered transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy as an intervention for postnatal anxiety disorders.
The value of liminal cases in developing a narrative victimology: The case of families of people serving an indeterminate sentence for public protection
Authors: Mackenzie Kelly , Annison Harry , Straub Christina , Condry Rachel
Published: May 2023

This article contributes to the emerging literature on narrative victimology by examining what we will suggest to be a telling ‘liminal case’: families of people sentenced to Imprisonment for Public Protection in England and Wales. We draw on qualitative research conducted with families of people sentenced to Imprisonment for Public Protection to explore how they narrated their experiences and show that while their own predominant narratives do overlap to a considerable degree with commonly accepted victimhood frames, they fail fully to ‘fit’. We argue that such liminal cases have considerable value for the study of narrative victimology: just as ‘central’ or ‘ideal’ cases provide telling insights, the examination of the specific contours of ‘ill fitting’ case studies allows us to trace in more precise detail the boundaries – the extent, the force and the limits – of predominant narratives.
“Minimal” and “Biased”: An Intersectional Analysis of Female Candidates’ Perceptions of Their Local News Coverage
Authors: Lorenz Andrea
Published: May 2023

This qualitative study analyzes the perceptions of US women political candidates about their local news coverage at a pivotal moment of change in both journalism and electoral politics. Through an intersectional approach, in-depth interviews with thirty-seven women who recently ran for office from 2016 to 2020 revealed findings in two areas of news research: local news declines and gender bias in political news. First, massive declines in local news capacities have trickled into local political communication, which, along with affordances of social media, point to a decline in relevance of local media to local campaigns. Second, participants perceived bias in their news coverage based on an identity intersecting with their gender, partisan affiliation, or both. Their experiences offered two potential ways forward for local news to reattain relevancy in local elections in countries of local news declines: through accountability journalism, and by diversifying staff to meet the needs of a diversifying electoral slate of candidates.
Preparing School Leaders and Developing Rural Leadership Capacity: A Collaborative Effort on the Great Plains
Authors: Phillips Aprille , Teahon Michael , Feusner Chelsea , Ericson Elizabeth
Published: May 2023

This qualitative study explores the early implementation of a university school leadership preparation program and school district collaborative effort to develop school leaders and sustain leadership capacity in nine rural school districts. Emerging findings drawn from survey, focus-group, and participant observation data include (a) the development of a strong leadership network of professional relationships that included peers and district mentors, (b) a sense of individual leadership growth and targeted professional development preparing participants for their next leadership role, and (c) an emerging statewide rural school leadership development network.
Social reproduction, women’s labour and systems of life: A conversation
Authors: Fernandes Marianna , Lupo Luisa , Benya Asanda , Dedeoğlu Saniye , Mezzadri Alessandra , Prügl Elisabeth
Published: May 2023

This conversation brings together feminist scholars from various backgrounds and epistemological traditions around a central topic in feminist debates that is today more relevant than ever, social reproduction. It begins by examining social reproduction as a concept and its entanglements with the dynamics of global capitalism from human geography and feminist international political economy perspectives. We ask, what does the lens of social reproduction bring to light? We discuss how social reproduction is a fundamentally political concept that bridges classic labour struggles with demands around housing, service provision and the reproduction of life in general. As a concept, it makes visible the systems of life that support the labour process, both daily and intergenerationally, in sites of production along global supply chains, from the garment industry, to mining and agriculture. Nevertheless, there is a need to consider how gendered dichotomies of productive and reproductive that underpin its modern origin may or may not undermine this concept and to rethink how, ultimately, we organise around social reproductive struggles. The conversation took place in June 2022 and has been edited for clarity.
Geographies of the Global South and the hemispheric scale
Authors: Zaragocin Sofia
Published: May 2023

This commentary engages with contemporary interpretations of the Global South in relation to the hemispheric scale in critical human geography. I am particularly interested in contributing to conversations on how the Global North/South divide can be untangled and challenged through a critical re-imagining of the hemispheric scale within the Latin American context. With this in mind, I ask: how does the term ‘Global South’ relate to existing decolonial imaginations that go beyond the nation-state? And, more specifically, how does the ‘Global South’ enframe the world vis-a-vis the geographical imaginaries of Abya Yala and Améfrica Ladina, which have their roots in Indigenous and Black understandings of the Americas and are being used to directly question colonial understandings of this world region? I argue that the hemispheric scale in this context can be re-imagined as a place from which continuous interconnections between existing decolonial imaginaries can occur.
Reorienting GIScience for a data-intensive society
Authors: Zhao Bo
Published: May 2023

In this commentary, I explore the potential future for GIScience to broaden its focus from technological advancements to examining the dynamic interactions between geographic information system (GIS) technology, its users, and the places where it is being utilized. Drawing on the postphenomenological perspectives of Don Ihde and his followers, this commentary re-imagines GIScience by emphasizing its ability to shape and be shaped by human experiences and various creative forces across bodies and places. This reorientation decenters GIScience beyond the human body by also encompassing non-human entities such as animals, bots, and algorithms. In the face of a rapidly growing data-intensive society, this commentary underlines the importance of adopting a caring stance when it comes to the use and development of GIS. This perspective of care can enhance our understanding and empathy toward ourselves, the planet, and all other beings. This reorientation of GIScience plays a significant role in shaping future trajectories of GIScience and the discipline of geography, enabling us to effectively tackle the theoretical and practical challenges posed by a rapidly evolving data-intensive society.
Unified Payment Interface—Taking India to the next generation in payments
Authors: MC Arthi , Shanmugam Kavitha
Published: May 2023

Unified Payments Interface (UPI) is India’s fastest-growing payment system which makes users mobile as a single platform to send and receive money anytime and anywhere. It is built on top of IMPS, an existing mode used for instant money transfers. UPI is governed by the National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI), which monitors and promotes the UPI payment system. This case study on the payment platform will give detailed information about UPI, its initiatives like UPI123 and “UPI Chalega” and its progress. The case study also expounds on the growth of UPI, the challenges that are prevalent in UPI payments, and the analysis of data published by NPCI on UPI payments.
Preliminary effectiveness of an evidence-based mobile application to promote resilience among working adults in Singapore and Hong Kong: Intensive longitudinal study
Authors: Yang Toh Sean Han , Lee Sze Chi , Kosasih Feodora Roxanne , Lim Jia W. , Sündermann Oliver
Published: May 2023

Evidence-based mobile health (mHealth) applications on smartphones are a cost-effective way for employees to take proactive steps to improve well-being and performance. However, little is known about what sustains engagement on these applications and whether they could dynamically improve occupational outcomes such as resilience and mood. Using real-world data, this intensive longitudinal study examines (a) which employees would continually engage with a cognitive behavioural therapy-informed mHealth application (‘Intellect’); and (b) if daily engagement of ‘Intellect’ would relate to better occupational outcomes on the following day. A total of 515 working adults in Singapore and Hong Kong ( Mage = 32.4, SDage = 8.17) completed daily in-app items on mood and resilience components (i.e. sleep hours, sleep quality, physical activity, and stress levels). Our results revealed that employees with lower baseline resilience (β = −0.048, odds ratio (OR) = 0.953, p < 0.01), specifically poorer sleep quality (β = −0.212, OR = 0.809, p = 0.001) and/or higher stress levels (β = −0.255, OR = 0.775, p = 0.05), were more likely to resume engagement on the application. Among the 150 active users (i.e. ≥3 consecutive days of engagement) ( Mage = 32.2, SDage = 8.17), daily engagement predicted higher resilience (β = 0.122; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.039–0.206), specifically lower stress levels (β = 0.018; 95% CI 0.004–0.032), higher physical activity (β = 0.079; 95% CI 0.032–0.126), and mood levels (β = 0.020; 95% CI 0.012–0.029) on the following day even after controlling for same-day outcomes. Our preliminary findings suggest that engaging with a mHealth application was associated with higher dynamic resilience and emotional well-being in employees.
The landscape of biomedical research progress, challenges and prospects in Saudi Arabia-A systematic review
Authors: Uddin Mohy , Alharbi Naif Khalaf
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The main objective of this review was to synthesize the progress, challenges and prospects of biomedical research in Saudi Arabia in order to provide a holistic view to all stakeholders, such as policy makers, decision makers, and local researchers along with external collaborators interested in the field of biomedical research in this region.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using the scientific literature for bibliometric studies in the field of biomedical research in Saudi Arabia that comprehensively covered past few decades using PubMed. The search was performed by combining verified Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms: “biomedical research”, “bibliometrics”, “Saudi Arabia” using boolean operator “AND”. The data collection was done from January to June 2022 by both authors.

Results

Out of 202 articles yielded from initial search, 13 articles met all of the inclusion criteria and were examined in details. The outcome of analysis showed that with the augmentation of Research and Development (R&D) globalization in Saudi Arabia, researchers are publishing internationally and collaborating globally, academic and research centers are enriching research environment and policies, and government is taking many initiatives to bolster biomedical research; but still more improvements needs to be achieved by Saudi Arabia to be in the list of strong competitive leading nations in the global biomedical research field.

Conclusions

There were various key challenges related to biomedical publications and bibliometric aspects for Saudi Arabia that included: publishing preferences, quality of publications, indexing services, international scientific community, and importantly barriers related to planning, funding, training, resources and support at institutional and national levels. This review provided some insights and recommendations to enhance biomedical research in Saudi Arabia that included: effective policies, health priorities, building infrastructures, greater investments, high incentives, skilled recruitment, competitive training and engagement of community that can play a vital role in this context.
YOLO Publics: The Potential for Creative Subversion of an Online Trading Community
Authors: Just Sine N. , Petersen Linea Munk
Published: May 2023

Digitally mediated publics are often discussed in terms of extremism and radicalization, but it remains possible that digital communication technologies can engender new connections and conversations through “creative subversion.” This article explores the potentials of one specific instance of such creative subversion: the “GameStop rescue” as let by members of the subreddit forum “WallStreetBets” (WSB) in the early months of 2021. From a communicative perspective, what is interesting about this series of events is not only the digital platforms and affordances that enabled it, but also the reckless behavior of WSB members and the ways in which this behavior was communicated—and continues to be celebrated and facilitated by the online trading community. Members share “loss porn,” praise each other for having “diamond hands” when holding on to investments that are losing value, and celebrate the principle of YOLO (you only live once). We conceptualize WSB as a YOLO public, an online community that is loosely and temporarily formed through the common action of seizing the opportunity to wreak havoc around power. Furthermore, we understand the events of the GameStop rescue as a controversial encounter that, we argue, offers hope for digitally mediated publics to develop in dynamic relations of difference rather than as stabilized oppositions.
Product Quality Matching Strategy in a Dual-Channel Supply Chain: A Perspective From Mental Accounting Theory in Behavioral Finance
Authors: Yan Lei , Gao Jianhao , Wang Shuang , Mou Shandong , Xu Guangye , Wang Haiyan
Published: May 2023

We extend the mental accounting perspective to build models on product quality matching strategy, which is effective in resolving the conflict between traditional and online channels. We consider that perceived values of high-quality and low-quality products belong to different mental accounts, and construct three product quality matching strategies for a dual-channel supply chain. Comparing the profit of each member, we find that (1) the strategy where the traditional channel distributes premium products, while the e-tailer sells low-quality products, is most conducive to the manufacturer; (2) the profit elasticity of the e-tailer is larger than that of the traditional retailer; (3) traditional retailers should sell more price elastic products, and e-tailers should sell the product with lower price elasticity; and (4) the manufacturer has more monopoly power if consumers have a higher degree of acceptance for the online channel that distributes premium products.
Individual and Organizational Factors Associated With Breastfeeding Practices in Employed Mothers
Authors: Ray Robin
Published: May 2023

Background:

Breastfeeding is recommended for infants through 6 months of age, when solid foods are introduced, and continued until 12 months of age. However, many mothers in the United States discontinue breastfeeding at an early age and return to work following childbirth. The purpose of this study was to identify individual and organizational factors associated with breastfeeding practices in a sample of employed mothers who participated in the Infant Feeding Practices Study II.

Methods:

A secondary analysis was conducted on a sample of 953 employed mothers who completed the Infant Feeding Practices Study II between 2005 and 2007. The analysis compares infant feeding status (breastfeeding/feeding pumped milk vs. not breastfeeding/feeding pumped milk) over a 12-month period, using generalized linear mixed modeling (GLMM).

Findings:

Generalized linear mixed modeling (GLMM) revealed that working mothers who were employed part-time (≤34 hours/week) were 97% more likely to continue breastfeed compared with mothers employed full-time over the 12-month follow-up period ( OR = 1.97, p = .002). Mothers who perceived high levels of breastfeeding support in the workplace were 178% more likely to continue breastfeeding compared with those with low levels of perceived support ( OR = 2.78, p < .001).

Conclusions:

Prenatal breastfeeding only feeding intentions, non-smoking, part-time employment, and higher levels of perceived breastfeeding support in the workplace were significant predictors of breastfeeding/feeding pumped milk at all time points.

Application to Practice:

Occupational health nurses may be able to address barriers to breastfeeding in the workplace and improve supportive workplace practices to promote continued breastfeeding in employed mothers consistent with national and international recommendations.
The Interrelation of Politeness, Culture, and Speech Acts in Multilingual Corporate Communication
Authors: Belamaric Ena
Published: May 2023

This article examines the relationship between politeness, culture, and speech acts in multilingual corporate communication. It emphasizes the role of second language acquisition (SLA) practices in teaching politeness strategies, with a focus on explicit instruction, immersion programs, and authentic language practice. The article also offers suggestions to enhance communication in such environments, using Luxembourg as an example of a multicultural business environment and highlighting the importance of understanding cultural norms and expectations surrounding politeness. By examining the interplay between these factors, this study aims to contribute to improved communication practices in multilingual corporate settings.
The Challenges and Opportunities of AI-Assisted Writing: Developing AI Literacy for the AI Age
Authors: Cardon Peter , Fleischmann Carolin , Aritz Jolanta , Logemann Minna , Heidewald Jeanette
Published: May 2023

Generative AI may significantly disrupt the teaching and practice of business communication. This study of 343 communication instructors revealed a collective view that AI-assisted writing will be widely adopted in the workplace and will require significant changes to instruction. Key perceived challenges include less critical thinking and authenticity in writing. Key perceived benefits include more efficiency and better idea generation in writing. Students will need to develop AI literacy—composed of application, authenticity, accountability, and agency—to succeed in the workplace. Recommendations are provided for instructors and administrators to ensure the benefits of AI-assisted writing can outweigh the challenges.
Task-Dependent Effects of Signal Audibility for Processing Speech: Comparing Performance With NAL-NL2 and DSL v5 Hearing Aid Prescriptions at Threshold and at Suprathreshold Levels in 9- to 17-Year-Olds With Hearing Loss
Authors: Pittman Andrea L. , Stewart Elizabeth C.
Published: May 2023

Hearing aid fitting formulas intended for the pediatric population can differ by 6 to 25 dB in prescribed output across frequency leading to large variations in aided audibility. Children perceive these differences and have expressed preferences that favor more audibility for quiet speech and less audibility for noisy speech. In this study, the effect of variations in audibility consistent with hearing aid fittings for children was examined. Sixteen children and adolescents (9–17 years) with mild-to-moderate hearing loss participated. Hearing aids programed to National Acoustic Laboratories or Desired Sensation Level v5.0a targets were fitted to each participant. Also, separate programs with and without a low-level adaptive gain feature were provided with each prescription. Speech reception threshold (SRT) was measured as well as performance for four suprathreshold auditory tasks that increased in cognitive demand. These tasks were word recognition, nonword detection, multiword recall, and rapid word learning. A significant effect of fitting formula, but not low-level or adaptive gain, was observed for SRT. Significant effects of presentation level, fitting formula, and low-level gain were observed for word recognition. The effect of presentation level was significant for nonword detection, multiword recall, and rapid word learning but no other main effects or interactions were significant. Finally, word recognition and nonword detection increased significantly with audibility while multiword recall and word learning did not. The results suggest that audibility assists with the initial perception of auditory input but plays a smaller role in memory formation and learning.
The Femoral Nerve Block Setting the Agenda for Nursing Care of Older Patients With hip Fractures—A Qualitative Study
Authors: Unneby Anna , Olofsson Birgitta , Lindgren Britt-Marie
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Hip fractures among older people are common worldwide, and it is often associated with preoperative pain. Due to increased comorbidity and high age, traditional pain relief can be a challenge. An alternative to traditional pain relief is a femoral nerve block, which is safe and suitable for anesthesia and analgesia for hip fractures among patients with or without dementia. It is essential to provide adequate pain management, and nurses report negative attitudes toward opioids and seem to prefer alternative pain management. To our knowledge, no study has focused on staff's experiences of nursing care for patients treated with femoral nerve block.

Aim

To describe staff's experiences providing nursing care in preoperative pain and pain management to older patients with a hip fracture who received a femoral nerve block.

Design

A qualitative exploratory design.

Method

Semistructured interviews with 19 nurses or assistant nurses in an orthopedic ward or emergency department. They were experienced in caring for patients with hip fractures who received treatment with a femoral nerve block. The interviews were subjected to qualitative content analysis.

Results

Staff described the femoral nerve block as setting the agenda when caring for older patients with hip fractures in the preoperative phase. The outcome of the femoral nerve block affected nursing care, depending on if the femoral nerve block was successful or not. Nursing care requires timing, with a need for staff orienting to time and customizing their communication. Further, staff faced ethical challenges regarding doing good and not harm, relieving pain, and avoiding side effects.

Conclusions

The femoral nerve block was an important issue for nursing staff in patients with hip fractures in the preoperative phase. Our results point toward the benefits of giving femoral nerve blocks as soon as possible to facilitate nursing care, however, this should be studied in future research.
Alternative Clinical Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study of Nursing Students’ Potential Loss of Experience
Authors: Malones Bente Dale , Susanne Melbye Marita Christina , Eines Trude Fløystad , Alteren Johanne
Published: May 2023

Introduction

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the lockdown of nursing institutions changed nursing students’ learning conditions in clinical practice. They were removed from their ordinary clinical practice and isolated in their homes for one week before resuming an alternative clinical practice. Owing to the changed learning conditions, nursing students had to readjust and find new and different solutions to manage their own learning.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the impact of removing first-year nursing students from clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic on their perceived learning and development.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive and interpretative design based on group and individual interviews was used. Eleven first-year nursing students from a university college in Norway participated in the study. They were interviewed from their homes, after completing their first 10-week clinical practice. Three group interviews and two individual interviews were recorded using the digital live video aid Zoom and analyzed using systematic text condensation.

Results

The main theme “loss of experience,” summarized how the nursing students experienced their first clinical practice during the COVID-19 lockdown. The nursing students shifted from a predictable to an unpredictable clinical practice without supervision from the nurse supervisor or the nurse educator. The organization and planning of the practice were left to the students, who bore the responsibility of achieving the learning outcomes. Three categories were identified: unpredictable learning situations, compensating learning activities, and achieving learning outcomes.

Conclusions

Nursing students faced difficulties in their first clinical practice during the COVID-19 lockdown, which made a challenging study situation. Too much autonomy and responsibility for their own learning reinforced a loss of experience. The uncertainty of the study situation potentially harmed their professional development, learning outcomes, and self-efficacy, especially concerning basic nursing skills.
The Effect of Family-Centered and Peer-Centered Education on the Sleep Quality of Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mardanpour Maryam , Rezaei Jahangir , Vaisi Raygani Ali Akbar , Abdi Alireza , Salari Nader , Khaledi-Paveh Behnam , Mohammadi Mohammad Mehdi
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Sleep disorders in hemodialysis patients are of high prevalence affecting the lives of these patients.

Objective

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of family-centered and peer-centered education on the sleep quality of hemodialysis patients.

Methods

In this controlled clinical trial, 90 patients were randomly assigned to three groups (control, family-centered, and peer-centered). All three groups completed Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index before the intervention. The intervention included five training sessions conducted by the researcher according to the patients’ needs to improve their sleep quality. Routine ward interventions were performed for the control group. At the end of the study, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was completed by all three groups once again. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 24 software and statistical tests.

Results

No significant difference was found between the two intervention and control groups regarding demographic variables and variables related to sleep quality before the intervention ( p < .05). However, based on the results of the Wilcoxon test, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean rank of sleep quality in the intervention and control groups after the intervention ( p-value = .008), indicating that sleep hygiene education was effective in the two intervention groups.

Conclusion

According to the findings, the mean rank of sleep quality in the two intervention groups was significant after the training, indicating the effectiveness of family-centered and peer-centered education. Accordingly, medical healthcare managers, policymakers, and planners, including nurses, are recommended to employ these convenient, safe, and cost-free training methods and provide better sleep quality and more comfort to patients by spending a short period of time for training.
Beyond High-Income Countries: Low Numeracy Is Associated with Older Adult Age around the World
Authors: Bruine de Bruin Wändi , Ulqinaku Aulona , Llopis Jimena , Ravà Matteo Santangelo
Published: May 2023

Background

Numeracy, or the ability to understand and use numbers, has been associated with obtaining better health and financial outcomes. Studies in high-income countries suggest that low numeracy is associated with older age—perhaps especially among individuals with lower education. Here, we examined whether findings generalize to the rest of the world.

Methods

Gallup surveyed >150,000 participants for the 2019 Lloyd’s Register Foundation World Risk Poll, from 21 low-income, 34 lower-middle income, 42 upper-middle income, and 43 high-income countries. Low numeracy was operationalized as failing to correctly answer, “Is 10% bigger than 1 out of 10, smaller than 1 out of 10, or the same as 1 out of 10?”

Results

Regressions controlling for participants’ education, income, and other characteristics found that, worldwide, low numeracy was associated with older age, lower education, and their interaction. Findings held in each country-income category, although low numeracy was more common in low-income countries than in high-income countries.

Limitations

Age differences may reflect cohort effects and life span–developmental changes.

Discussion

Low numeracy is more common among people who are older and less educated. We discuss the need for education and interventions outside of the classroom.

Highlights

We analyzed a global survey conducted in 21 low-income, 34 lower-middle income, 42 upper-middle income, and 43 high-income countries. Low numeracy was associated with older adult age, even after accounting for age differences in education. Low numeracy was more common in older people with lower education.
Prediction and outcomes of cerebral vasospasm in ischemic stroke patients receiving anterior circulation endovascular stroke treatment
Authors: Jesser Jessica , Awounvo Sinclair , Vey Johannes A , Vollherbst Dominik F , Hilgenfeld Tim , Chen Min , Nguyen Thanh N , Schönenberger Silvia , Bendszus Martin , Möhlenbruch Markus A , Weyland Charlotte S
Published: May 2023

Background and purpose:

Vasospasm is a common complication of endovascular therapy (EVT). There is a lack of understanding of risk factors for periprocedural vasospasm. Here, we aimed to identify factors associated with vasospasm in patients with acute ischemic stroke who undergo EVT.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective single-center analysis of patients receiving EVT for anterior circulation vessel occlusion between January 2015 and December 2021. Patients were excluded if they showed signs of intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) or if they underwent intra-arterial thrombolysis. Study groups were defined as patients developing vasospasm during EVT (V+) and patients who did not (V−). The study groups were compared in univariable analysis. Multivariable regression models were developed to predict the patient’s risk for developing vasospasm based on pre-identified potential prognostic factors. The secondary endpoint was clinical outcome defined as the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) difference between pre-stroke mRS and discharge mRS (delta mRS) and likelihood of successful reperfusion (TICI 2b/3).

Results:

In total, 132/1768 patients (7.5%) developed vasospasm during EVT. Vasospasm was more likely to occur in EVT with multiple thrombectomy attempts and after several stent retriever maneuvers. Factors associated with developing vasospasm were younger age (OR = 0.967, 95% CI = 0.96–0.98) and lower pre-stroke mRS (OR = 0.759, 95% CI = 0.63–0.91). The prediction model incorporating patient age, pre-stroke mRS, stent retriever thrombectomy attempts, and total attempts as prognostic factors was found to predict vasospasm with good accuracy (AUC = 0.714, 95% CI = 0.709–0.720). V+ patients showed higher median (IQR) delta mRS (2 (1–4) vs 2 (1–3); p = 0.014). There was no difference in successful reperfusion (TICI 2b-3) between those with or without vasospasm.

Conclusion:

Vasospasm was a common complication in EVT affecting younger and previously healthy patients. Presence of vasospasm did not reduce the likelihood of successful reperfusion. As independent predictors, patient age, pre-stroke mRS, thrombectomy maneuvers, and stent retriever attempts predict the occurrence of vasospasm during EVT with good accuracy.
Critical Decision Making: Endoscopic Pyloromyotomy
Authors: Swanstöm Lee L.
Published: May 2023

Endoscopic pylormyotomy is a new very minimally invasive treatment option for delayed gastric emptying—an increasingly common clinical problem. However, as with any novel procedure, critical decision-making is necessary to ensure optimal patient outcomes. In this article, we discuss the various factors that should be considered when deciding whether to perform G-POEM, including patient selection, pre-operative workup including newer dynamic test modalities, technical considerations, and post-operative management. We also highlight potential complications and their management. By understanding the critical decision-making process involved in G-POEM, physicians can optimize patient outcomes and improve overall success rates of this procedure.
Coverage Gaps and Inconsistencies: The Landscape of Insurance Coverage for Orthognathic Surgery in the United States
Authors: Akhavan Arya Andre , Ibelli Taylor , Benaroch David , Rodriguez Nina , Liu Helen , Ha Michael , Taub Peter James
Published: May 2023

Background:

Despite established indications for orthognathic surgery, insurance coverage is not guaranteed and obtaining coverage is often onerous. There is a paucity of literature regarding insurance coverage within the United States for orthognathic surgery.

Methods:

The top 50 health insurers in the US, and the top 3 per state, were selected using the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) 2020 Market Share Report. Coverage policies were obtained online, or by phone when unavailable. Indications and criteria were compared to the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMF) “Criteria for Orthognathic Surgery” recommendations.

Results:

Of the 65 insurance providers reviewed, 33 offered coverage with clear criteria, 24 offered coverage without listed criteria, and 8 explicitly excluded all orthognathic surgery. The 33 insurers with clear criteria were further reviewed. For malocclusion, 20 insurers used at least 75% of AAOMF measurements, while 4 used stricter criteria. Eleven insurers covered surgery for any congenital disorder; of the remaining, only 13 explicitly covered cleft-associated abnormalities. For the 25 with specified speech anomaly criteria, 21 offered coverage, and 4 excluded coverage. Sleep apnea coverage criteria were inconsistent, and temporomandibular joint disorder (TJMD) coverage was evenly split. No insurer covered orthognathic surgery for esthetic or psychological reasons. Among 66 identified unique criteria, only 6 significantly differed by US Census Region, with coverage for sleep apnea more prevalent in the South District.

Conclusions:

Access to insurer policies remains difficult. Insurers have inconsistent covered indications, strictness of coverage criteria, and exclusions, which frequently do not match standards of care. The authors present a list of the most commonly used criteria as a resource for insurance submissions, and encourage surgeons to advocate at the insurer and legislative levels for consistent coverage indications and criteria across insurance providers.
A borehole array data–based approach for conducting 1D site response analyses I: Damping and VS randomization
Authors: Pretell Renmin , Abrahamson Norman A , Ziotopoulou Katerina
Published: May 2023

One-dimensional site response analysis (1D SRA) remains the state of practice to estimate site-specific seismic response, despite the ample evidence of discrepancies between observations and 1D SRA-based predictions. These discrepancies are due to errors in the input parameters, intrinsic limitations in the predicting capabilities of 1D SRAs even for sites relatively compliant with the 1D SRA assumptions, and the inability of 1D SRAs to model three-dimensional (3D) wave propagation phenomena. This article aims at reducing 1D SRA mispredictions using small-strain damping profiles factored by a damping multiplier ( Dmul) and randomized shear-wave velocity ( VS) profiles. An approach for conducting 1D SRAs for site-specific site response assessment is developed to reduce the 1D SRA errors in magnitude and variability. First, sites from a database of 534 downhole sites are classified as 1D- or 3D-like, depending on the substructure conditions inferred from observed transfer functions. Second, data from the 1D-like sites are compared against predictions from 1D SRAs conducted using various trials of Dmul and VS standard deviations [Formula: see text] for VS randomization. Third, Dmul and [Formula: see text] are selected based on their combined ability to reduce the root mean square error (RMSE) in SRA predictions. Results indicate that 1D SRAs conducted with Dmul = 3 and [Formula: see text] lead to an overall minimum RMSE and thus provide more accurate site response estimates. The use of these parameters in forward SRA predictions is discussed in a companion paper.
Tennantite-(Ni), Cu6(Cu4Ni2)As4S13, from Luobusa ophiolite, Tibet, China: a new Ni member of the tetrahedrite group
Authors: Wang Yanjuan , Chen Rujun , Gu Xiangping , Hou Zengqian , Nestola Fabrizio , Yang Zhusen , Fan Guang , Dong Guochen , Ye Lijuan , Qu Kai
Published: May 2023

The new mineral tennantite-(Ni), Cu6(Cu4Ni2)As4S13, has been discovered from the Luobusa Chromitite, Tibet, southwestern China. Tennantite-(Ni) occurs as anhedral grains ranging from 2 to 20 μm in size. In reflected light microscopy, tennantite-(Ni) is isotropic and appears yellow-greenish grey. Reflectance data for Commission on Ore Mineralogy wavelengths in air for tennantite-(Ni) are: 31.0 (470 nm), 29.6 (546 nm), 29.6 (589 nm) and 29.3 (650 nm). Electron microprobe analysis for holotype material gave the empirical formula (on basis of total cations = 16 apfu): M(2)Cu6M(1)[Cu4.00(Ni0.97Cu0.53Fe0.50)Σ2.00]Σ6.00X(3)(As2.94Sb1.06)Σ4S12.77. Tennantite-(Ni) is cubic, with space group I$\bar{ 4}$3m (#217), a =10.2957(9) Å, V = 1091.4(3) Å3 and Z = 2. By using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, the crystal structure has been determined and refined to a final R1 = 0.0423 on the basis of 163 independent reflections [Fo > 4σ (Fo)]. The calculated seven strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines [d in Å (I) (hkl)] are: 2.972 (100) (222), 1.820 (83) (440), 2.574 (28) (400), 1.552 (18) (622), 3.640 (10) (220), 1.880 (10) (521) and 1.287 (7) (800). Tennantite-(Ni) is isostructural with other tetrahedrite-group minerals, and nickel is hosted at the tetrahedrally coordinated M(1) site, along with Cu and minor Fe. The mineral and its name have been approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA2021-018).
Interim PET-guided treatment for early-stage NLPHL: a subgroup analysis of the randomized GHSG HD16 and HD17 studies
Authors: Eichenauer Dennis A. , Bühnen Ina , Baues Christian , Kobe Carsten , Kaul Helen , Greil Richard , Moccia Alden , Zijlstra Joseé M. , Hertenstein Bernd , Topp Max S. , Just Marianne , von Tresckow Bastian , Eich Hans-Theodor , Fuchs Michael , Dietlein Markus , Hartmann Sylvia , Engert Andreas , Borchmann Peter
Published: May 2023

The optimal first-line treatment for nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) diagnosed in early stages is largely undefined. We, therefore, analyzed 100 NLPHL patients treated in the randomized HD16 (early-stage favorable; n = 85) and HD17 (early-stage unfavorable; n = 15) studies. These studies investigated the omission of consolidation radiotherapy (RT) in patients with a negative interim positron emission tomography (iPET) (ie, Deauville score <3) after chemotherapy (HD16: 2× doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine [ABVD]; HD17: 2× escalated bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone [BEACOPP] plus 2× ABVD). Patients with NLPHL treated in the HD16 and HD17 studies had 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates of 90.3% and 92.9%, respectively. Thus, the 5-year PFS did not differ significantly from that of patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma treated within the same studies (HD16: P = .88; HD17: P = .50). Patients with early-stage favorable NLPHL who had a negative iPET after 2× ABVD and did not undergo consolidation RT tended to have a worse 5-year PFS than patients with a negative iPET who received consolidation RT (83% vs 100%; P = .05). There were 10 cases of NLPHL recurrence. However, no NLPHL patient died during follow-up. Hence, the 5-year overall survival rate was 100%. Taken together, contemporary Hodgkin lymphoma-directed treatment approaches result in excellent outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed early-stage NLPHL and, thus, represent valid treatment options. In early-stage favorable NLPHL, consolidation RT appears necessary after 2× ABVD to achieve the optimal disease control irrespective of the iPET result.