bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Status Outcomes in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction After Rehospitalization
Authors: Shore Supriya , Smolderen Kim G. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Jones Philip G. , Arnold Suzanne V. , Cohen David J. , Stolker Joshua M. , Zhao Zhenxiang , Wang Tracy Y. , Ho P. Michael , Spertus John A.
Published: October 2016

Background—

Rehospitalizations after acute myocardial infarction for unplanned coronary revascularization and unstable angina (UA) are common. However, despite the inclusion of these events in composite end points of many clinical trials, their association with health status has not been studied.

Methods and Results—

We included 3283 patients with acute myocardial infarction enrolled in a prospective, 24-center US study who had rehospitalizations independently classified by experienced cardiologists. Health status was assessed using Seattle Angina Questionnaire and EuroQol-5D Visual Analog Scale. In the propensity-matched cohorts, 1-year health status was compared between those who did and did not experience rehospitalization for UA or revascularization using a hierarchical linear model. Overall, mean age was 59 years, 33% were women, and 70% were white. Rehospitalization rates for UA and unplanned revascularization at 1 year were 4.3% and 4.7%. One-year Seattle Angina Questionnaire summary scores were worse in patients with rehospitalizations for UA (mean difference, −10.1; 95% confidence interval, −12.4 to −7.9) and unplanned revascularization (mean difference, −5.7; 95% confidence interval, −8.8 to −2.5) when compared with patients without such rehospitalizations. Similarly, EuroQol-5D Visual Analog Scale scores were worse among patients with such readmissions. Individual Seattle Angina Questionnaire domains indicated worse 1-year angina and quality of life outcomes among patients rehospitalized for UA or unplanned revascularization.

Conclusions—

Within the first year after acute myocardial infarction, rehospitalizations for UA and unplanned revascularization are associated with worse health status. These findings highlight the impact of such events from a patient’s perspective, beyond their economic impact and support the use of UA and unplanned revascularization as elements of composite end points.
Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution Is Associated With Endothelial Injury and Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Pope C. Arden , Bhatnagar Aruni , McCracken James P. , Abplanalp Wesley , Conklin Daniel J. , O’Toole Timothy
Published: October 2016

Rationale:

Epidemiological evidence indicates that exposures to fine particulate matter air pollution (PM
2.5
) contribute to global burden of disease, primarily as a result of increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, mechanisms by which PM
2.5
exposure induces cardiovascular injury remain unclear. PM
2.5
-induced endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation have been implicated, but direct evidence is lacking.

Objective:

To examine whether acute exposure to PM
2.5
is associated with endothelial injury and systemic inflammation.

Methods and Results:

Blood was collected from healthy, nonsmoking, young adults during 3 study periods that included episodes of elevated PM
2.5
levels. Microparticles and immune cells in blood were measured by flow cytometry, and plasma cytokine/growth factors were measured using multiplexing laser beads. PM
2.5
exposure was associated with the elevated levels of endothelial microparticles (annexin V
+
/CD41
−
/CD31
+
), including subtypes expressing arterial-, venous-, and lung-specific markers, but not microparticles expressing CD62
+
. These changes were accompanied by suppressed circulating levels of proangiogenic growth factors (EGF [epidermal growth factor], sCD40L [soluble CD40 ligand], PDGF [platelet-derived growth factor], RANTES [regulated on activation, normal T-cell–expressed and secreted], GROα [growth-regulated protein α], and VEGF [vascular endothelial growth factor]), and an increase in the levels of antiangiogenic (TNFα [tumor necrosis factor α], IP-10 [interferon γ-induced protein 10]), and proinflammatory cytokines (MCP-1 [monocyte chemoattractant protein 1], MIP-1α/β [macrophage inflammatory protein 1α/β], IL-6 [interleukin 6], and IL-1β [interleukin 1β]), and markers of endothelial adhesion (sICAM-1 [soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1] and sVCAM-1 [soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1]). PM
2.5
exposure was also associated with an inflammatory response characterized by elevated levels of circulating CD14
+
, CD16
+
, CD4
+
, and CD8
+
, but not CD19
+
cells.

Conclusions:

Episodic PM
2.5
exposures are associated with increased endothelial cell apoptosis, an antiangiogenic plasma profile, and elevated levels of circulating monocytes and T, but not B, lymphocytes. These changes could contribute to the pathogenic sequelae of atherogenesis and acute coronary events.
Histopathologic Analysis of Retrieved Thrombi Associated With Successful Reperfusion After Acute Stroke Thrombectomy
Authors: Hashimoto Tetsuya , Hayakawa Mikito , Funatsu Naoko , Yamagami Hiroshi , Satow Tetsu , Takahashi Jun C. , Nagatsuka Kazuyuki , Ishibashi-Ueda Hatsue , Kira Jun-ichi , Toyoda Kazunori
Published: October 2016

Background and Purpose—

Histopathologic evaluation of occlusive thrombi retrieved from cerebral arteries using endovascular therapy is possible. We investigated the relationship between successful reperfusion after thrombectomy and histopathologic characteristics of retrieved thrombi.

Methods—

Among consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with endovascular therapy at our institute from December 2010 to July 2015, we retrospectively reviewed those with acute major arterial occlusion from which retrieved thrombi were evaluated histopathologically. Obtained thrombi were assessed for the existence of atheromatous gruel, organization, and the ratios of erythrocyte and fibrin/platelet components. Successful reperfusion was defined as the modified Treatment in Cerebral Ischemia grade of 2b to 3.

Results—

Of 83 patients studied, 58 (70%) underwent successful reperfusion. Atheromatous gruel was less frequently identified (3% versus 20%;
P
=0.024), and the proportion of erythrocyte components was higher (57±23% versus 47±24%;
P
=0.042) in thrombi retrieved from the reperfused than the unreperfused group. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, atheromatous gruel was inversely related (odds ratio, 0.062; 95% confidence interval, 0.002–0.864), and >64% erythrocyte components (cutoff obtained from receiver operating characteristic curve) were positively related (odds ratio, 4.352; 95% confidence interval, 1.185–19.363) to successful reperfusion.

Conclusions—

Successful reperfusion could be associated with the histopathology of occlusive thrombi, including the existence of atheromatous gruel and proportion of erythrocyte components.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02251665.
Surrogate Data Methods Based on a Shuffling of the Trials for Synchrony Detection: The Centering Issue
Authors: Albert Mélisande , Bouret Yann , Fromont Magalie , Reynaud-Bouret Patricia
Published: October 2016

We investigate several distribution-free dependence detection procedures, all based on a shuffling of the trials, from a statistical point of view. The mathematical justification of such procedures lies in the bootstrap principle and its approximation properties. In particular, we show that such a shuffling has mainly to be done on centered quantities—that is, quantities with zero mean under independence—to construct correct p-values, meaning that the corresponding tests control their false positive (FP) rate. Thanks to this study, we introduce a method, named permutation UE, which consists of a multiple testing procedure based on permutation of experimental trials and delayed coincidence count. Each involved single test of this procedure achieves the prescribed level, so that the corresponding multiple testing procedure controls the false discovery rate (FDR), and this with as few assumptions as possible on the underneath distribution, except independence and identical distribution across trials. The mathematical meaning of this assumption is discussed, and it is in particular argued that it does not mean what is commonly referred in neuroscience to as cross-trials stationarity. Some simulations show, moreover, that permutation UE outperforms the trial-shuffling of Pipa and Grün ( 2003 ) and the MTGAUE method of Tuleau-Malot et al. ( 2014 ) in terms of single levels and FDR, for a comparable amount of false negatives. Application to real data is also provided.
Promoting Human Rights through Philosophy with Children
Authors: Cassidy Claire
Published: October 2016

Whilst much has been written about children’s rights and children’s human rights, little appears to have been said about the place children have in the promotion of human rights. This article considers the concept of child in conjunction with citizenship education to take forward children’s promotion of human rights. It is proposed that one approach, where individuals explore views and come to this through reason, dialogue and community engagement, would be through Philosophy with Children (PwC). PwC provides space for children to engage in the political, that they might explore questions relevant to their lives asbeings in society. Such activity would not only prepare children for the political world, since this sees the child as deficit, but would facilitate their engagement politically as children. The article proposes that philosophically deliberative children are required in order to support any society interested in the promotion of human rights.
Children’s Human Rights at School – As Formulated by Children
Authors: Quennerstedt Ann
Published: October 2016

This article explores 8- and 12-year old children’s own views on their rights in school. The aims of the paper are to expand the understanding of what human rights mean to children in the school setting, and to contribute to new ways of thinking about rights for children. Human rights theorising points to the temporary status of what we currently understand as human rights and the various ways in which human rights grow and change. However, children’s perspectives have rarely been used to question or develop human rights thinking. Responding to this, the article specifically seeks to represent children’s understanding of rights. Based on interviews with 32 children, a number of children’s claims for rights at school are identified and elaborated. Most rights the children claim fit into the established human rights framework, and some of the rights the children express go beyond this framework.
Is Anything Left of Children’s Rights?
Authors: Erlings Esther
Published: October 2016

In this article it is argued that parental responsibility offers a weak basis for the protection of children’s rights due to its emphasis on (1) responsible parents’ determinations of welfare and (2) the concomitant nature of rights to duties. Based on these two premises, courts have often either neglected children’s rights, or have subordinated them to the rights of duty-holders (parents) when deciding on matters falling within the scope of parental responsibility. Recently, a third limitation on children’s rights has been added: theapplicationof a (non-derogable) right held by the child can now be prevented following an exercise of parental responsibility in circumstances where the child’s right would otherwise apply. The argument is therefore made that parental responsibility as applied under English law erodes children’s rights, leaving little left but the rhetoric surrounding them.
Syrphidae (Diptera) of Surinam:Eristalinae and synthesis
Authors: Reemer Menno
Published: October 2016

The fauna of Eristalinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam is reviewed. Accounts are given for 81 species of Eristalinae. These include larval rearing records for species of CeriogasterWilliston, 1888, CopestylumMacquart, 1846, Lepidomyia Loew, 1864, Ornidia Lepeletier & Serville, 1828, and Quichuana Knab, 1913. Keys are given for the Surinamese species of Meromacrus Rondani, 1848 and Palpada Macquart, 1834. Two new species are described: Lepidomyia adriaanpeteri sp. n. and Meromacrus doesburgi sp. n. A new synonymy is proposed: Meromacrus fucatusHull, 1930 = Meromacrus ceres Hull, 1942 jun. syn. n. All species are figured with photographs. Compared with the checklist of Van Doesburg (1966), 26 species are added and four are removed. Several possibly new species are left unnamed, pending required taxonomic revisions. In total, 183 species of Syrphidae are now known from Surinam: 60 Syrphinae, 42 Microdontinae, and 81 Eristalinae. Concluding remarks are made on the number of species expected to occur in the country.
A Brief History of “The Psychology of Time Perception”
Authors: Allman Melissa J. , Penney Trevor B. , Meck Warren H.
Published: October 2016

Basic mechanisms of interval timing and associative learning are shared by many animal species, and develop quickly in early life, particularly across infancy, and childhood. Indeed, John Wearden in his book “The Psychology of Time Perception”, which is based on decades of his own research with colleagues, and which our commentary serves to primarily review, has been instrumental in implementing animal models and methods in children and adults, and has revealed important similarities (and differences) between human timing (and that of animals) when considered within the context of scalar timing theory. These seminal studies provide a firm foundation upon which the contemporary multifaceted field of timing and time perception has since advanced. The contents of the book are arguably one piece of a larger puzzle, and as Wearden cautions, “The reader is warned that my own contribution to the field has been exaggerated here, but if you are not interested in your own work, why would anyone else be?” Surely there will be many interested readers, however the book is noticeably lacking in it neurobiological perspective. The mind (however it is conceived) needs a brain (even if behaviorists tend to say “the brain behaves”, and most neuroscientists currently have a tenuous grasp on the neural mechanisms of temporal cognition), and to truly understand the psychology of time, brain and behavior must go hand in hand regardless of the twists, turns, and detours along the way.
Alstroemeria (Alstroemeriaceae) in the caatinga of Brazil, with a new species
Authors: ASSIS MARTA C. , MELLO-SILVA RENATO
Published: October 2016

Five species of Alstroemeria from caatinga in Brazil are presented. Three of them are endemic to this vegetation, including a new species, A. stramonia, here described. We provide descriptions, illustrations, comments, and a key to the species.
A new record of Tricholoma caligatum (Tricholomataceae) from North Africa with a discussion of related species
Authors: BENAZZA-BOUREGBA MOUNIA , SAVOIE JEAN-MICHEL , FORTAS ZOHRA , BILLETTE CHRISTOPHE
Published: October 2016

Among the Basidiomycota, matsutake are the most appreciated mushrooms in Japan. Some Tricholoma species belonging to matsutake group are exported from North Africa to Japan. Until the beginning of the 21st century, the North African ‘matsutake’ was identified as T. caligatum, which is a circum-Mediterranean species described in 1834. However, recent molecular analyses uncover some North African isolates as T. anatolicum, which is a species described from Turkey in 2003. As a result, the presence of T. caligatum in North Africa remained to be confirmed. We analyzed a recent specimen collected in Algeria from mixed forest and based on molecular and morphological data, we found that it belongs to T. caligatum, indicating the existence of two species in North Africa. Morphological traits and molecular markers are proposed here to easily distinguish these two species from each other. The concept of both the species and their respective geographic distributions are discussed.
Excluding Miliusa velutina (Annonaceae) from Flora of China
Authors: XUE BINE , TAN YUN-HONG
Published: October 2016

The Chinese specimens identified as Miliusa velutina were studied and they actually represent M. thorelii. The distribution range of M. velutina therefore does not include China. The name M. bannaensis is a synonym of M. thorelii and not M. cuneata as treated in Flora of China.
A taxonomic revision of the ground spiders of the genus Apopyllus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)
Authors: AZEVEDO GUILHERME H.F. , OTT RICARDO , GRISWOLD CHARLES E. , SANTOS ADALBERTO J.
Published: October 2016

The American gnaphosid genus Apopyllus Platnick & Shadab is found from southern Mexico to southern Argentina. It can be diagnosed by the complex shape of the RTA, by the membranous tegular extension, the long coiled embolus, the retrolateral incision on the cymbium, the long convoluted copulatory duct extending anteriorly to the copulatory openings and by the presence of paramedian epigynal pockets and of an anterior ridge on the epigynum. The RTA characters are important in species taxonomy but the complex shape and variation of the RTA hampers identification, especially regarding the two most common species: A. suavis (Simon) and A. silvestrii (Simon). In this paper the genus is revised, the genital morphology is described, and homology between its components and those of other genera is discussed. Apopyllus suavis is considered a senior synonym of Apopyllus pauper (Mello-Leitão) and A. iheringi (Mello-Leitão). Four new species are described from Brazil: A. aeolicus, A. atlanticus, A. centralis and A. gandarela.
Molecular phylogeny, morphology and taxonomy of Moroccan Triops granarius (Lucas, 1864) (Crustacea: Notostraca), with the description of two new species
Authors: KORN MICHAEL , HUNDSDOERFER ANNA K.
Published: October 2016

We used three molecular markers to investigate populations of Triops granarius from a study area in western Morocco that had a north-south span of approx. 434 km, the most distant populations situated at more than 470 km distance from each other. Previous studies had already investigated two Triops granarius populations from this region and revealed their affiliation to the major phylogenetic lineage that includes Triops cancriformis. By contrast, based on the geographic position of the type locality and the morphology of the type, Triops granarius s.s. likely belongs to a clade that forms the sister group to American and Australian Triops, i.e. including Triops longicaudatus and Triops australiensis. In the present study a second, hitherto unknown phylogenetic lineage was discovered among Moroccan populations of Triops granarius s.l. Our phylogenetic analyses show that both Moroccan lineages of Triops granarius s.l. represent a pair of genetically and morphologically well differentiated sister species that should be separated from Triops granarius. We therefore formally describe them as two new species, Triops maximus sp. nov. and Triops multifidus sp. nov. The early larval stages of both species show a peculiar morphology with 10 to 15 setae on the exopodite of the 2nd antenna. The number of these setae was generally thought to span five to seven in Notostraca. Despite the fact that the antennal setae form a central part of the main locomotory organ in early instars, we found their number to vary by up to two between body-sides of single individuals.
Different continents, same species? Resolving the taxonomy of some Holarctic Ancylis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: GILLIGAN TODD , HUEMER PETER , WIESMAIR BENJAMIN
Published: October 2016

Several species of Ancylis related to A. unguicella (Linnaeus) and A. geminana (Donovan) have been presumed by previous authors to be Holarctic. However, difficulty in identifying genitalic characters to define and separate these taxa has brought into question their true distribution and led to inconsistencies in their taxonomic treatment in Europe and North America. Here we use a combination of DNA barcode sequence data and morphology to resolve these taxonomic differences, determine the actual geographic range of these taxa, and describe three new species. In the A. unguicella group, only A. unguicella and A. uncella (Denis & Schiffermüller) are Holarctic in distribution. In the A. geminana group, none of the taxa are Holarctic in their distribution. Three species are described as new: A. christiandiana Huemer and Wiesmair, sp.n.  (Austria, Germany); A. oregonensis Gilligan and Huemer, sp.n.  (USA: Oregon); and A. saliana Gilligan and Huemer, sp.n.  (USA: Florida). In addition, Ancylis carbonana Heinrich, syn.n., is synonymized with A. uncella; A. cuspidana (Treitschke), syn.rev., is synonymized with A. diminutana (Haworth); and A. diminuatana Kearfott, stat.rev., and A. subarcuana (Douglas), stat.rev., are raised from synonymy.
A millipede missing link: Dobrodesmidae, a remarkable new polydesmidan
millipede family from Brazil with supernumerary rings (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), and the establishment of a new suborder Dobrodesmidea
Authors: SHEAR WILLIAM A. , FERREIRA RODRIGO LOPES , INIESTA LUIZ FELIPE MORETTI , MAREK PAUL
Published: October 2016

Dobrodesmus mirabilis n. gen., n. sp. is described from a limestone cave in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The new species is unique among millipedes of the order Polydesmida in having 39+t rings in adult males, two rather than four spinnerets, and in its highly plesiomorphic gonopods, which resemble those of basal members of the orders Callipodida and Stemmiulida. The presence of 39 rings is notable because members of the Polydesmida, the most species rich order of millipedes (>5000 spp.) normally stop development at 19+t rings. Because of these characters, D. mirabilis is the basis for the proposal of a new family (Dobrodesmidae) and a new suborder (Dobrodesmidea) of polydesmidans.
New species of Dichogaster Beddard, 1888 (Clitellata: Benhamiidae) with additional records of earthworms from Guadeloupe (French West Indies)
Authors: JAMES SAMUEL W. , GAMIETTE FRANCIANE
Published: October 2016

A survey of the earthworms of Guadeloupe was undertaken to improve knowledge of the diversity of native and introduced earthworms of the island and to evaluate native species for use in vermicomposting. Twenty-eight species were found, 8 introduced, 4 uncertain, and 16 presumed native. The introduced species are Pontoscolex corethrurus, Pontoscolex spiralis, Amynthas rodericensis, Perionyx excavatus, Polypheretima elongata, Dichogaster affinis, Eudrilus eugeniae, and Drawida sp. Juveniles of the genera Righiodrilus, Glossodrilus and Periscolex were found, but one cannot say if they are introduced or not without a confirmed identification. Omodeoscolex divergens was collected in several locations, with variation in color, size and male sexual function suggestive of long residence on the island, but we are counting this as of uncertain status and tentatively placing all in the same species. Late juveniles of a large endogeic species of a heretofore unknown genus of the Rhinodrilidae were found only in the most remote location sampled and are presumed to be native. Seven previously reported native Dichogaster were found. Eight non-recorded species of Dichogaster were found, five represented by single specimens or juveniles, for which we give only a brief precis. The three described here are Dichogaster spolstoni n. sp., Dichogaster caraibensis n. sp.,.and Dichogaster etaspiqui n. sp. These are compared to and differentiated from previously known Dichogaster species of the world and of Guadeloupe.
New Zopheridae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Baltic amber
Authors: ALEKSEEV VITALII I. , BUKEJS ANDRIS
Published: October 2016

Four new zopherid species are described and illustrated from Eocene Baltic amber: Xylolaemus legalovi sp. nov., X. richardklebsi sp. nov., Diodesma slipinskii sp. nov., and Endophloeus gorskii sp. nov. A key to species of Xylolaemus Redtenbacher, described from Baltic amber, and a checklist of fossil Zopheridae are provided. The montane distribution of several recent representatives of dendrophilous zopherids in Europe and the connection of such a distributional type with modern human activity is discussed.
On Gonorynchus, Gonorhynchus, Gonorinchus, Gonorhinchus and Gonorrhynchus, and some other names of labeonine fishes (Teleostei: Gonorynchidae and Cyprinidae)
Authors: KOTTELAT MAURICE
Published: October 2016

The supposed cyprinid genus ‘Gonorhynchus McClelland, 1838’ does not exist; the name refers to Gonorhynchus Cuvier, 1816, which is a junior objective synonym of Gonorynchus Scopoli, 1777. The correct family-group name, authorship and date are: Gonorynchidae Fowler, 1941 (1848). Tariqilabeo Mirza & Saboohi, 1990 is the valid genus name for the South Asian species earlier placed in Crossocheilus or ‘Gonorhynchus’. The family-group names Garrae Bleeker, 1863 and Labeonini Bleeker, 1859 are declared nomina protecta and Platycarinae Macleay, 1841 is declared nomen oblitum.
Dependence of the Ice Water Content and Snowfall Rate on Temperature, Globally: Comparison of in Situ Observations, Satellite Active Remote Sensing Retrievals, and Global Climate Model Simulations
Authors: Heymsfield Andrew , Krämer Martina , Wood Norman B. , Gettelman Andrew , Field Paul R. , Liu Guosheng
Published: October 2016

Cloud ice microphysical properties measured or estimated from in situ aircraft observations are compared with global climate models and satellite active remote sensor retrievals. Two large datasets, with direct measurements of the ice water content (IWC) and encompassing data from polar to tropical regions, are combined to yield a large database of in situ measurements. The intention of this study is to identify strengths and weaknesses of the various methods used to derive ice cloud microphysical properties. The in situ data are measured with total water hygrometers, condensed water probes, and particle spectrometers. Data from polar, midlatitude, and tropical locations are included. The satellite data are retrieved from CloudSat/CALIPSO [the CloudSat Ice Cloud Property Product (2C-ICE) and 2C-SNOW-PROFILE] and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Level2A. Although the 2C-ICE retrieval is for IWC, a method to use the IWC to get snowfall rates S is developed. The GPM retrievals are for snowfall rate only. Model results are derived using the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5) and the Met Office Unified Model [Global Atmosphere 7 (GA7)]. The retrievals and model results are related to the in situ observations using temperature and are partitioned by geographical region. Specific variables compared between the in situ observations, models, and retrievals are the IWC and S. Satellite-retrieved IWCs are reasonably close in value to the in situ observations, whereas the models’ values are relatively low by comparison. Differences between the in situ IWCs and those from the other methods are compounded when S is considered, leading to model snowfall rates that are considerably lower than those derived from the in situ data. Anomalous trends with temperature are noted in some instances.
Regional Ensemble–Variational Data Assimilation Using Global Ensemble Forecasts
Authors: Wu Wan-Shu , Parrish David F. , Rogers Eric , Lin Ying
Published: October 2016

At the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, the global ensemble forecasts from the ensemble Kalman filter scheme in the Global Forecast System are applied in a regional three-dimensional (3D) and a four dimensional (4D) ensemble–variational (EnVar) data assimilation system. The application is a one-way variational method using hybrid static and ensemble error covariances. To enhance impact, three new features have been added to the existing EnVar system in the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI). First, the constant coefficients that assign relative weight between the ensemble and static background error are now allowed to vary in the vertical. Second, a new formulation is introduced for the ensemble contribution to the analysis surface pressure. Finally, in order to make use of the information in the ensemble mean that is disregarded in the existing EnVar in GSI, the trajectory correction, a novel approach, is introduced. Relative to the application of a 3D variational data assimilation algorithm, a clear positive impact on 1–3-day forecasts is realized when applying 3DEnVar analyses in the North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM). The 3DEnVar DA system was operationally implemented in the NAM Data Assimilation System in August 2014. Application of a 4DEnVar algorithm is shown to further improve forecast accuracy relative to the 3DEnVar. The approach described in this paper effectively combines contributions from both the regional and the global forecast systems to produce the initial conditions for the regional NAM system.
Cultural Sentiments and Schema-Consistency Bias in Information Transmission
Authors: Hunzaker M. B. Fallin
Published: October 2016

The negative outcomes associated with cultural stereotypes based on race, class, and gender and related schema-consistency biases are well documented. How these biases become culturally entrenched is less well understood. In particular, previous research has neglected the role of information transmission processes in perpetuating cultural biases. In this study, I combine insights from the cultural cognition, affect control theory, and cultural transmission frameworks to examine how one form of internalized culture—fundamental cultural sentiments—affects the content of information shared in communication. I argue that individuals communicate narratives in ways that minimize deflection of internalized cultural sentiments, resulting in cultural-consistency bias. I test this proposition using a serial transmission study in which participants read and retell short stories. Results show that culturally inconsistent, high-deflection information experiences an initial boost in memorability, but consistency biases ultimately win out as information is altered to increase cultural consistency, demonstrating that deflection provides a promising measure of cultural schema-consistency. This measure is predictive of the information that individuals share in communication and changes to this information in the transmission process.
Preprocedural High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Predicts Contrast-Induced Nephropathy and Long-Term Outcome After Coronary Angiography
Authors: Guo Xiao-Sheng , Lin Kai-Yang , Li Hua-Long , Chen Ji-Yan , Zhou Ying-Ling , Liu Yong , Tan Ning , Atkins Emily R , Ran Peng , Yang Jun-Qing , Wu Deng-Xuan , Chen Shi-Qun , Duan Chong-Yang , Chen Ping-Yan
Published: October 2016

We investigated whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were associated with contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and long-term mortality after coronary angiography (CAG). Patients (N = 2133) undergoing CAG with preprocedural hsCRP were consecutively enrolled. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein was measured before angiography. Median follow-up was 2.3 years. The overall incidence of CIN was 2.77% (59 of 2133). There was a positive trend of hsCRP quartiles (Q) with rates of CIN: 0.9% for Q1 (<1.6 mg/L), 0.9% for Q2 (1.6-3.9 mg/L), 2.4% for Q3 (4.0-11.3mg/L), and 6.8% for Q4 (>11.3 mg/L; P < .05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the cutoff point of hsCRP was 7.3 mg/L for predicting CIN with a 72.7% sensitivity and a 67.0% specificity (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.742, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.672-0.810; P < .05). The predictive value of hsCRP was similar to the Mehran score for CIN (AUChsCRP = 0.742 vs AUCMehran = 0.801; P = .228). After adjustment for other potential risk factors, hsCRP >7.3 mg/L still was an independent predictor of CIN (odds ratio [OR] = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.44-5.58; P = .003). Furthermore, hsCRP >7.3 mg/L was associated with higher mortality (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.30-3.19; P = .002).
False Vocal Fold Characteristics in Presbylarynges and Recurrent Laryngeal Neuropathy
Authors: Persky Michael , Sanders Brian , Rosen Clark A. , Kahane Joel , Fang Yixin , Amin Milan R. , Branski Ryan C.
Published: October 2016

Objective:

Conflicting data exist regarding false vocal fold (FVF) anatomy; it is unclear if this structure is an extension of the thyroarytenoid muscle or an independent muscle system. This confusion is amplified by diverse clinical findings in the setting of unilateral recurrent laryngeal neuropathy and presbylarynges. We sought to characterize FVF behavior in these contexts.

Methods:

Laryngoscopic/stroboscopic examinations from 11 patients with unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis and 12 patients with presbylarynges were reviewed by 4 laryngologists, blinded to the goal of the study but informed of diagnosis. Variables related to FVF structure and function at rest and during phonation were rated.

Results:

In recurrent laryngeal neuropathy, no significant association between atrophic/paretic vocal fold (VF) and FVF size was observed at rest ( P = .69). During phonation, FVF compression was noted bilaterally; contralateral FVF hypertrophy was more common ( P = .002). In presbylarynges, neither FVF size at rest ( P = .86) nor compression during phonation ( P = .37) was associated with the more atrophic VF; FVF compression/hypertrophy was common.

Conclusions:

Consistent with clinical dogma, FVF compression was more common contralateral to VF neuropathy. This finding, however, was inconsistent and may suggest individual variability in FVF innervation and/or morphology. Intra- and interrater reliability of these clinical findings was poor.
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Secondary to Mild Head Trauma
Authors: Balatsouras Dimitrios G. , Koukoutsis George , Aspris Andreas , Fassolis Alexandros , Moukos Antonis , Economou Nicolas C. , Katotomichelakis Michael
Published: October 2016

Objectives:

We studied the clinical characteristics, nystagmographic findings, and treatment outcome of a group of patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) secondary to mild head trauma and compared them with a group of patients with idiopathic BPPV.

Methods:

The medical records of 33 patients with BPPV associated with mild head trauma were reviewed. Data of a complete otolaryngological, audiological, neurotologic, and imaging evaluation were available for all patients. Three hundred and twenty patients with idiopathic BPPV were used as a control group.

Results:

The patients with BPPV secondary to mild head trauma presented the following features, in which they differed from the patients with idiopathic BPPV: (1) lower mean age, with more intense symptoms; (2) increased rate of horizontal and anterior semicircular canal involvement and frequent multiple canal and bilateral involvement; (3) greater incidence of canal paresis and presence of spontaneous nystagmus; (4) poorer treatment results, attributed mainly to coexisting canal paresis in many patients, and higher rate of recurrence.

Conclusions:

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo associated with mild head trauma differs from idiopathic BPPV in terms of several epidemiological and clinical features; it responds less effectively to treatment and is prone to recurrence.
Making the Decision to Extend Probation Supervision at a Local Agency
Authors: Medina Justin C.
Published: October 2016

The response to a probation violation is often a shared decision between the probation officer and the supervising judge. The result of this decision is a range of possible outcomes. One violation outcome examined here was extended supervision lengths in lieu of incarceration. This decision has been overlooked by prior research but is important to ensure equitable treatment of probationers. This study examined behavioral and organizational factors that resulted in extended supervisions for 6,034 probationers within a large county agency. On average, supervision extensions for these probationers lasted approximately 2 months (62.08 days). The decision-making framework partially explains these extensions because officers had access to poor client behavior indicators. The practical and policy implications of these findings are discussed.
A Distinct Form of Deviance or a Variation of Bullying? Examining the Developmental Pathways and Motives of Cyberbullying Compared With Traditional Bullying in South Korea
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Song Hyojong , Jennings Wesley G.
Published: October 2016

Cyberbullying has been subject to a debate about whether it is a subtype of traditional bullying or a distinct deviant behavior from traditional bullying. Applying a longitudinal South Korean youth sample and latent group-based trajectory modeling, the current study examines (a) an overlap of developmental trajectories between cyberbullying and traditional bullying, and (b) effects of predictors on developmental trajectory groups for both cyberbullying and traditional bullying. It is concluded that cyberbullying is close to a variation of bullying rather than a distinct deviant behavior and reported an overlap of developmental trajectories between cyberbullying and traditional bullying, and strong associations between both forms of bullying and peer-related predictors. Policy implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Cene e conviti nel Decameron
Authors: Gallo Cinzia
Published: October 2016

Ricorrenti sono nel Decameron, testo principe nel canone della letteratura italiana, inteso, come precisa Romano Luperini, sia “ a parte obiecti” sia “ a parte subiecti”, le immagini di conviti e cene. Esse, oltre a sfatare definitivamente la tesi di un moto ascensionale fra le novelle (Achille Tartaro) a favore di una loro intima corrispondenza, mettono in rilievo, facendo da ponte fra la tradizione classica e quella umanistico-rinascimentale, la centralità, per l’uomo, della dimensione sociale. Difatti, a parte la rilevanza che lo stare a tavola ricopre come momento nevralgico della narrazione (decima novella della quinta giornata, per esempio), esso permette una sostanziale parità fra uomini e donne ( Dec. II, 6 e III, 7), l’esplicazione della “virtus” di ciascuno, nell’ambito di una nuova aristocrazia, dello spirito ( Dec. X, 2 e X, 4), è occasione di confronto, incontro, socialità, secondo quanto precisato da vari studiosi, fra cui Massimo Montanari. Sporadicamente, e in modo generico, si fa perciò riferimento ai cibi serviti, che, in ogni caso, hanno significato simbolico, come osserva Valeria Mouchet, mentre vi è una corrispondenza con le cene della brigata, a sottolinearne l’importanza e il contributo per la costruzione di un sistema di valori destinato a rimanere nel tempo.
Performance characteristics of polyethylene/old corrugated container composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Kord Behzad , Roohani Mehdi
Published: October 2016

The physical, mechanical, thermal, and flammability properties of high-density polyethylene/old corrugated container composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes are presented in this study. High-density polyethylene/old corrugated container composites with different loadings of carbon nanotube (0, 1, 3, and 5 phc) were prepared by melt compounding followed by injection molding. Results indicated that the incorporation of carbon nanotube into high-density polyethylene, significantly improved the mechanical properties of the composites. The tensile and flexural properties achieved the maximum values when 3 phc carbon nanotube was added. Meanwhile, the impact strength of the composites progressively decreased with increasing carbon nanotube content. Furthermore, the water absorption and thickness swelling of the samples remarkably reduced with the addition of carbon nanotube. From thermogravimetric analysis data, the presence of carbon nanotube could enhance the thermal stability of the composites, especially the maximum weight loss rate temperature and also the better char residual was obtained at high loading level of carbon nanotube. Simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry thermograms revealed that the thermal degradation temperatures for the samples with carbon nanotube were much higher than those made without carbon nanotube. Moreover, it was found that the addition of carbon nanotube results in a significant enhancement in flame retardancy of the composites. Morphological observations showed that the nanoparticles were predominantly dispersed uniformly within the high-density polyethylene matrix.
Entrapment and venting of bubbles during vacuum bag prepreg processing
Authors: Gangloff John J , Cender Thomas A , Eskizeybek Volkan , Simacek Pavel , Advani Suresh G
Published: October 2016

During composites manufacturing with partially pre-impregnated fibers (i.e. “prepregs”) in Out-of-Autoclave processes, non-impregnated fabric cross-sections serve as air pathways to evacuate entrapped bubbles of air, moisture, or volatiles. The bubbles trapped within a laminate during processing lead to decreased structural performance. In this work, the motion of resin and bubbles during the processing of a characteristic prepreg is directly visualized in situ. This is performed utilizing a previously developed flow visualization technique under known pressure and temperature conditions. This study investigates the processing conditions under which a bubble succeeds or fails to meet and coalesce with available air pathways in order to escape the laminate. A key finding of this study is that tunable process parameters, such as pressure and temperature, are less important for successful bubble removal as compared to the initial state of resin impregnation in the prepreg. Prepregs with initially high states of resin impregnation will often fail to draw bubbles into air pathways through the center of fiber tow cross sections, whereas prepregs with initially low states of resin impregnation have clear pathways for bubbles to meet local resin flow fronts, coalesce, and escape. The relevant literature on the motion of bubbles in confined spaces is discussed. It is observed that small Capillary number theory (i.e. Ca < 0.01) under predicts the relative velocity of bubbles, and the faster than expected bubble transport is likely due to effects given by the bubble aspect ratio via the fibrous micro-channel geometry.
No full circle
Authors: Ganesh Kamala
Published: October 2016

This article is a reflection on my career as a feminist anthropologist. It suggests that it was feminism that allowed sociology to be reflexively reversed in using the life of an individual to understand the bigger system. It moves on to discuss my own engagement with feminist anthropology: my growth as a scholar in the field over nearly four decades which also mirrors some aspects of the development of the subject and the Indian scholarship around it. It maps my trajectory and that of the discipline of anthropology over locations of caste, class and postcoloniality. It also provides a review of the relationship between feminism and anthropology in India.
Do Chinese- and English-speaking preschoolers think differently about language?
Authors: Guan Yao , Farrar M. Jeffrey
Published: October 2016

Metalinguistic awareness is the ability to identify, reflect upon, and manipulate linguistic units. It plays a critical role in reading development. The present study investigated Chinese- and English-speaking preschoolers’ metalinguistic awareness development and the role of cognitive and linguistic abilities in its development. Forty-two Chinese-speaking and 36 English-speaking monolingual children completed a series of metalinguistic awareness, false belief, inhibitory control, and receptive vocabulary tasks. The results revealed distinct pathways for the two language groups. English speakers had a more advanced level of rhyme awareness. Chinese speakers developed homonym understanding faster during the preschool years. Inhibitory control was more important for Chinese speakers to develop synonym and homonym understanding, whereas receptive vocabulary was crucial for English speakers to develop rhyme awareness. These differences may be attributable to the characteristics of the Chinese and English languages, as well as the patterns of cognitive development in the two populations.
Robust anticipative energy management system: Application of a smart building platform
Authors: Le Minh-Hoang , Ploix Stephane
Published: October 2016

Robust energy management in buildings is addressed in this paper. The energetic impact of buildings in the current energetic context is first presented. Then the studied optimization problem is defined as the optimal management of production and consumption activities in buildings. A scheduling problem is identified to adjust the energy consumption to both the energy cost and the user’s comfort. The available flexibility of the services provided by domestic appliances is used to compute optimal energy plans. These flexibilities are associated to time windows or heating storage abilities. A constraints formulation of the energy allocation problem is given. A derived mixed linear program is used to solve this problem. The energy consumption in houses is very dependent on uncertain data such as weather forecasts and inhabitants’ activities. Parametric uncertainties are introduced in the home energy management problem in order to provide robust energy allocation. Robust linear programming is implemented. A scenario-based approach is implemented to face this robust optimization problem.

Practical application: Because of the increasing part of renewable energy in electricity production, which is difficult to control, consumers will have to become more involved in the grid management. This paper states the problem of energy management in buildings and describes the optimization problem defined to adjust the energy consumption of buildings to production constraints. This decision system is based on the weather forecasts and a variable cost of electricity. Parametric uncertainties on the data are taken into account in order to propose robust energy planning in which a performance is guaranteed over the expected data.
Near-extreme summer meteorological data set for sub-tropical climates
Authors: Lau Kevin Ka-Lun , Ng Edward Yan-Yung , Chan Pak-Wai , Ho Justin Ching-Kwan
Published: October 2016

Building performance simulation requires representative weather data of specific locations. Test Reference Year (TRY) and Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) are common hourly dataset for typical year conditions. In sub-tropical climates, overheating is very common in buildings due to high temperature and intense solar radiation. However, there are no universal approaches to develop a dataset for estimating summer discomfort in naturally ventilated and free-running buildings. This article employs the concept of Summer Reference Years (SRY) in order to represent the near-extreme summer conditions in Hong Kong. The derived SRY is able to capture the near-extreme conditions in the multi-year series. The SRY was found to represent the high Tdry values reasonably well during daytime when such near-extreme conditions occur. On the contrary, according to the number of HN-DHs, the SRY does not satisfactorily represent high night-time Tdry. It is possible to incorporate the sorting of Tdry-min in the SRY adjustment in order to better reflect night-time situations in sub-tropical climate. Further studies are therefore required to confirm whether such modifications give more accurate results in the assessment of building energy performance. Nonetheless, the SRY dataset can be applied in building performance simulation and the assessment of indoor thermal comfort.

Practical application: The present study found that there are deficiencies for the SRY to represent the high night-time Tdry, which affects the building performance assessment in sub-tropical climates. It suggests potential improvement to the existing adjustment of SRY for representing the near-extreme summer conditions in order to obtain more accurate results of building assessment.