bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccine – how to treat?
Authors: Sybilski Adam J.
Published: April 2021

We do not have an effective medicine for COVID-19, and we only have symptomatic treatment. The best treatment is prophylaxis, which in infectious diseases is based on vaccinations. Years of using vaccinations have led to the disappearance or significant reduction of infectious diseases. Currently, in Poland, we have three vaccines against COVID-19: two mRNA (Comirnaty by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccine) and vector vaccines (COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca). Vaccines are highly effective in protecting against the onset of COVID-19 symptoms in large clinical trials. Vaccines can cause adverse vaccine reactions (any vaccine-related medical condition that has occurred within 4 weeks of vaccination). Studies show that adverse vaccine reactions after the COVID-19 vaccine occurs in about 0.03–0.2% of the vaccinated. The most common adverse reactions were injection site pain (> 80%), fatigue (> 60%), headache (> 50%), myalgia (> 30%), chills (> 30%), arthralgia (> 20%) fever (> 10%), usually mild or moderate, subsiding in a few days. Adverse reactions should be treated with painkillers and antipyretics – paracetamol and ibuprofen. Both paracetamol and ibuprofen are well researched preparations, with high safety and effectiveness. The antipyretic and analgesic effect of both drugs is similar. The condition for a good effect is the use of an appropriate, recommended dosage. Now paracetamol appears to be the drug of first choice for the treatment of pain and fever following COVID-19 vaccination. However, knowledge about immunization and vaccines is growing steadily and recommendations are changing. We need to follow up-to-date information and adapt our activities to changing medical knowledge.
Evidencia de validez de la Escala de Autoeficacia Percibida Específica de Situaciones Académicas (EAPESA)
Authors: Garzón Umerenkova Angélica , Gil Flores Javier , De Besa Gutiérrez Manuel Rafael
Published: April 2021

Se presentan las características psicométricas de la Escala de Autoeficacia Percibida Específica de Situaciones Académicas (EAPESA) en alumnado universitario español mediante análisis Rasch. Se explora la validez de constructo, la confiabilidad de la medida y de las personas, el funcionamiento de la escala Likert y el comportamiento diferencial de los ítems (DIF). Se obtuvo evidencia de la validez discriminante frente a una medida de procrastinación académica y validez de criterio frente al rendimiento. La muestra estuvo constituida por 443 universitarios de tres titulaciones, entre primer y cuarto año. Se encontraron valores adecuados de confiabilidad y de la escala Likert así como un buen ajuste al modelo Rasch. Sin embargo, se encontró evidencia de la posibilidad de mejorar la validez de constructo y de un posible DIF por titulación en un ítem.
Ferulic Acid – A Versatile Molecule
Authors: Drăgan Maria , Tătărîngă Gabriela , Mircea Cornelia , Cioancă Oana , Dragostin Oana , Iacob Andreea Teodora , Profire Lenuţa , Stan Cătălina Daniela
Published: April 2021

The review summarizes the main roles of ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-cinnamic acid), a phenolic compound widespread in the vegetable world, being present in cereals (rice, wheat, oats), coffee, tomatoes, nuts or corn, but also in a range of plants used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. It plays a vital role in ensuring cell wall rigidity and also in the formation of other important organic compounds for plants. Ferulic acid has a wide variety of biological activities such as: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiallergic, anticancer, antithrombotic, antiviral activities, vasodilator, hepatoprotective and metal chelation actions, enzymatic activity modulation, and wound healing activity. The most important action is the antioxidant one, being studies that demonstrate that ferulic acid acts synergistically with other antioxidants. Also, the antioxidant effect of ferulic acid is enhanced by skin exposure to ultraviolet light, making it a good ingredient for sunscreen cosmetics. It is one of the most powerful natural antioxidant that has the potential to neutralize free radicals, to slow down the aging process of the skin, to accelerate skin regeneration, to heal the skin wounds and also to preserve the health and beauty of the skin.
Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of transition metal carboxylates derived from agaric acid
Authors: Habala L. , Pašková L. , Bilková A. , Bilka F. , Oboňová B. , Valentová J.
Published: April 2021

Carboxylato-type transition metal complexes with agaric acid, a bioactive natural compound derived from citric acid, were prepared, and tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. The products as well as agaric acid itself are amphiphilic compounds containing a hydrophilic head (citric acid moiety) and a hydrophobic tail (non-polar alkyl chain). The putative composition of the carboxylates was assigned on grounds of elemental analysis, infrared (IR) and high-resolution mass spectra (HR-MS), as well as in analogy with known complexes containing the citrate moiety. The metal carboxylates showed interesting activity in several microbial strains, especially against S. aureus (vanadium complex; MIC = 0.05 mg/ml). They were also tested for their cytotoxic activity in hepatocytes, the highest activity having been found in the copper(II) and manganese(II) complexes. Further research based on these preliminary results is needed in order to evaluate the influence of parameters like stability of the metal complexes in solution on the bioactivity of the complexes.
The effects of COVID-19 on the labour market
Authors: Kádár Beáta , Nagy Szeréna
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 is currently a pandemic of such a magnitude that it affects economy, labour market, society and all aspects of life. Many researchers are currently engaged in examining the issues, challenges and impacts caused by COVID-19. It causes changes of such nature and degree in the economy and labour market that have been unprecedented. In fact, as a result of the pandemic, the operation and composition of the economy and the structure of the labour market will change. The present study examines how Romanian respondents see the impact of COVID-19 on the labour market, employment and on the different sectors of the economy.
Effect of Replacing Maize Grain by Hybrid Rye Grain in the TMR on Performance of Mid-Lactating Dairy Cows
Authors: Rajtar Patrycja , Sady Marek , Górka Paweł , Kehoe Sylvia , Micek Piotr
Published: April 2021

Grain from traditional varieties of rye is not commonly used in dairy cattle nutrition. However, new hybrid varieties of rye currently available are characterized by some nutritional and agrotechnical benefits. This paper deals with the hypothesis that rye grain derived from a hybrid variety may be an alternative for maize grain in diets for dairy cattle. Sixteen lactating Polish Holstein- Friesian cows were divided into two groups according to their parity (8 primi- and 8 multiparous), stage of lactation (106 ± 30 days after calving) and milk yield (34 ± 4 kg/day). Cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) containing grass silage and whole crop maize silage and 29.2% of the concentrate (in dry matter). The latter contained approximately 48% (as fed) of either maize grain (M) or hybrid rye grain (HR) as a main source of cereal grain. Experimental diets were fed for 9 weeks. The use of HR as a substitute for M did not affect (P>0.05) dry matter intake and milk yield. There were no differences between treatments in the content of milk solids, amino acids, and fatty acid profile. However, substituting M by HR positively influenced composition of milk protein fractions by increasing the proportion of α-casein (37.0 vs 39.7%; P<0.01) and к-casein (6.5 vs 7.3%; P=0.02) as well as decreasing the proportion of β-casein (28.8 vs 27.8%; P=0.02) and sensory characteristics of the milk (body and texture, and taste; P<0.05). In turn, the composition of the diet did not affect the technological suitability for processing of milk fat (acid and peroxide number, melting and solidification temperature), rennet coagulation time, heat stability or titratable acidity. This study has shown that hybrid rye grain may be an alternative for maize grain in a TMR based on grass and whole maize silage for mid-lactation dairy cows. Further studies are needed with higher proportion of hybrid rye grain in TMR or with other roughages used in a basal diet to fully determine efficiency of hybrid rye grain use in diets for dairy cows.
Abstract Leray–Schauder Type Alternatives and Extensions
Authors: O’Regan Donal
Published: April 2021

We present a Leray–Schauder type alternative for a general class of maps. This enables us to obtain some Birkhoff–Kellogg type results and a Furi–Pera result.
Dynamic plasma biochemical profile changes of weaning piglets fed diets containing different levels of Bacillus spp. as a probiotic product
Authors: Lavinia Idriceanu , Mihaela Dumitru , Aurelia Lefter Nicoleta , Anca Gheorghe , Mihaela Habeanu
Published: April 2021

In this study, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two levels of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051a (BS), respectively Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 21424 (BL) administered as direct-fed microbial DFM probiotic bacteria on plasma biochemical profile of weaning piglets fed diets. A total of 100 piglets, 30±3 day-old, with initial average body weight (BW) of 8.53±0.17 kg were randomly distributed to 5 homogeneous groups (C, E1-BS 1%, E2-BS 3%, E3-BL 1%, E4-BL 3%,), 2 replicates/group with 10 piglets/pens, for 16 days of biological trial. The doses used were: 1% low dose in a concentration of 1.6 x 109 CFU spores g-1 feed, and 3% high dose in a concentration of 4.8 x 109 CFU spores g-1 feed. Results showed that BS supplementation affected plasma concentration of GGT (P<0.017), TG (P<0.048) and Mg (P<0.0001). No effect (P>0.05) as diet*day interaction on plasma metabolic profile was observed. In conclusion, administration of Bacillus spp. maintains the concentration of blood plasma parameters within the physiological ranges, without affecting the piglet’s health status.
Classic sports massage vs. Chinese self-massage. Which one is more effective in warm-up?
Authors: Boguszewski Dariusz , Adamczyk Jakub Grzegorz , Hanc Aleksandra , Szymańska Agata , Chełchowska Sylwia , Białoszewski Dariusz
Published: April 2021

Study aim: Warm-up is an indispensable element of sports training. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of warm-up exercises with Swedish, classic sports massage and Chinese self-massage on functional limitations of the locomotive system.

Materials and methods: The study included 42 women and 13 men aged 19 to 22. They all performed the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) test, without a warm-up, and then (after a week) performed it again after either a standard warm-up with sports massage (Group 1) or a warm-up with Chinese self-massage (Group 2).

Results: Both groups obtained significantly higher results in the second measurement (FMS test), preceded by a standard warm-up with sports massage (Group 1, p = 0.003) and warm-up with Chinese self-massage (Group 2, p = 0.000). In Group 1, statistically significant differences were observed in the results of the exercises: hurdle step and push-ups. In Group 2, the difference was significant in the attempts to sit down deep, walk over the fence and pump.

Conclusion: There were no significant differences between the groups that used massage and self-massage. Both methods can improve movement functionality.
The Environment, A Bipartisan Issue?: Partisanship Polarization and Climate Change Policies in the United States
Authors: Dotto Valentina , Oakes Anne Richardson
Published: April 2021

Responding to climate change presents significant challenges on both international and domestic fronts. The current U.S. federal government disclaims a connection between climate change, and human activity, and embraces an environmental program that includes withdrawal from the Paris Climate Change Agreement at international level and retrenchment from regulation domestically. This Article comments on the rollback of Obama-era environmental regulations now taking place at federal level and locates these policies in the context of the domestic polarization and partisanship that now characterizes U.S. politics. It notes that environmental regulation divides the Republican and Democratic Parties but that the response of individual party members may be more nuanced, particularly amongst younger voters. The Article comments on state level initiatives to counteract the effects of climate change that have gathered bipartisan support but are now subject to partisan actions by the federal government designed to limit their effectiveness. The Article concludes with the observation that as the combination of an aging demographic and alignment with a declining fossil fuel industry shrinks the GOP traditional constituency, it is to be hoped that far-sighted politicians from both parties will embrace credibility on this issue as a key component of enhancing their own as well as the planet’s survival.
Property Tax Reform and Urban Housing Production and Consumption in Nigeria
Authors: Daniel Maren Mallo , Nkup Joseph Tanko , Wuyokwe Nenrot Gombwer
Published: April 2021

In the past decade, the Nigerian government has witnessed dwindling revenues owing to fluctuating oil prices. This has necessitated the search for alternative revenue sources. For the authorities in Jos, the administrative city of Plateau State in north-central Nigeria, taxes within housing production and consumption loop were thought to be the easiest catch. Accordingly, the authorities intensified the generation of land titling fee, capital gains tax, value added tax, land use charge, ground rent, development permits, probate fee, withholding tax among others. These efforts came with some implication for urban housing. The paper aims to provide an understanding of this and it employed a wide range of secondary data of quantitative and qualitative forms in pursuits of two objectives. The first objective examined how property taxes were administered and found that multiple agencies were involved in tax administration and, as a result, double taxation occurred in land titling, seeking of development permits and probate. Furthermore, sporadic land and property registration impeded the development of a cadastre, thereby allowing the government to arbitrarily and outrageously apply taxes, which tax payers tried to evade through informal house building and property transactions. The second objective analysed the impact of property taxation and found that taxes accounted for a high cost of new housing and residential rentals but also had the potentials of stimulating housing production and consumption. Recommendations that could help the government generate revenue from taxing properties while also incentivising housing production and consumption were offered.
The Analysis of Urban Planning Aspects and Development of Residential Real Estate in Tallinn, Estonia
Authors: Köse İstemi Alp , Kauškale Linda
Published: April 2021

At the present time, the world’s population is rapidly increasing, and the existing resources, which are limited, are being significantly consumed. Due to this fact, in order to use these resources more efficiently, the concept of planning day by day gains importance in the framework of sustainable development. Although Estonia is one of the countries that has the fewest number of people in Europe, owing to its economic reliability, high development level and worldwide awareness of the field of software, Estonia has become one of the less affected countries by the crisis. At the same time, Estonia is one of European countries that executes planning for long-term economic development. The aim of the research is to analyse the interrelation aspects between urban planning and residential real estate development on different levels in Tallinn, capital of Estonia, in the context of sustainable development. Analysis and synthesis, comparison, observation, and logical deduction methods are used within the research. According to the research conducted, the price ranges of real estate objects are closer to each other in the condition towards homogeneity in residential settlements which have similar residential and planning features. It can be recommended to build a contemporary system regarding interrelation of urban decisions and tendencies within development of the real estate market, which can help investors and other market participants in sustainable, efficient, and long-term decision making.
Evaluating housing in urban planning using TOPSIS technique: cities of Isfahan province
Authors: Izadi Maliheh , Vardanjani Mehdi Jafari , Varesi Hamidreza
Published: April 2021

The indices of housing serve as an important tool in planning for housing, in that they allow the parameters affecting housing to be recognised and any planning process to be facilitated. The purpose of the study is to investigate and to evaluate the housing situation in cities of Isfahan province. The study is applied and descriptive-analytic in terms of method. Thirty-nine indices were collected in the housing sector. Then the rate of prosperity and ranking of the cities were evaluated by TOPSIS method. Prosperity is defined here as an important index of housing that reflects the welfare of residents. The cities were then categorised into six levels of prosperity: Very important, Important, Partially important, Moderate, Poor and Very poor. The results from the study indicate an imbalance in the studied indices between the cities, and a clear disparity between the levels of prosperity in the cities, and the only city in the very prosperous group is Isfahan, with a rate of 0.813.
Physical Characterization and Durability of Blended Cements Based on Brick Powder
Authors: Nigri Ghania , Cherait Yacine , Nigri Soraya
Published: April 2021

This research work discusses both the physical and durability characteristics of newly blended cement containing waste crushed brick. This waste is used as a partial substitution for clinker in cement. Thus, blended cements are obtained by grinding and homogenizing clinker, waste brick, and gypsum. Four compositions containing 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of waste materials were prepared and submitted to various characterization tests.

The introduction of brick powder improved the physical characteristics, therefore; it improved the mechanical properties and durability performance of the new cement compared to the reference, prepared with 0% addition. More particularly, it resisted sulfuric acid (H2SO4) attack after fixation of portlandite by pozzolan.
Chemical constituents of Algerian mandarin (Citrus reticulata) essential oil by GC-MS and FT-IR analysis
Authors: Boughendjioua Hicham , Mezedjeri Nour El Houda , Idjouadiene Ilhem
Published: April 2021

Medicinal plants are potential sources of natural compounds with biological activities and therefore attract the attention of researchers worldwide. Citrus oils are a complex mixture of more than a hundred components of differing chemical natures. Qualitative and quantitative analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GCMS) of the Citrus reticulata essential oil collected from El Hadaïk, Skikda City (Algeria), identified 28 compounds representing a total of 99.41%. The essential oil is constituted mainly of: D-Limonene (85.10%), Sabinene (2.49%), Linalyl acetate (2.00%), Copaene (1.80%) et α-Pinene (1.75%) totaling approximately 93.14%. The essential oil was also analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR). FTIR spectroscopy allowed us to identify 10 volatile compounds and indicated that the functional groups of the essential oils are C-H (Alkene), C-H (aromatic) and C=C. The obtained results have shown that the essential oil can be fully utilized for pharmacy, cosmetology and industry.
Different molecular targets, one purpose – treatment of depression
Authors: Burat Magdalena , Gibula-Tarlowska Ewa , Kedzierska Ewa
Published: April 2021

Although vast scientific progress has been made, the current pharmacotherapy of depression is still not fully effective. In adults, depressive disorders are among the most common diseases in industrialized countries, impact upon all aspects of family and working life and significantly disturb social functioning. Moreover, increasingly, they affect children and teenagers.

Depressive disorders have a complex etiology. This includes a number of mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. Therefore, the current review concentrates on bringing to the foreground the many molecular areas involved in occurrence of this disease. The work highlights the notion that depression has a complex pharmacology and inevitably requires the adoption of individual pharmacotherapy. This manuscript concentrates on currently used drugs drawn from diverse therapeutic groups and presents new promising targets for the treatment of depression. This is a particularly important issue due to the continuous lack of effective therapy and the constant search for new drugs and molecular targets for its treatment.
The impact of functional food on the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases
Authors: Widelska Gabriela , Kasprzak-Drozd Kamila , Wojtunik-Kulesza Karolina , Krajewska Anna , Oniszczuk Anna
Published: April 2021

Globally, diseases of the lung are one of the main causes of death, and conventional therapies are often ineffective in dealing with this serious medical and sociological problem. Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been used in the treatment of respiratory tract diseases. Such plants show antitussive, muscle relaxing, bronchi dilation or cillary movement effects. Their usefulness has been confirmed by modern and current research. A medicinal plant that is also a functional food can open new areas in the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract diseases. In this review, information about the influence of functional food on preventing and treating asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and high-altitude sickness are presented.
Influence of ketotifen and conventional antiepileptic drugs on the exploratory and spontaneous locomotor activity in mice
Authors: Zakrocka Izabela , Swiader Katarzyna , Swiader Mariusz
Published: April 2021

Drug interactions are major problems in polytherapy, especially in epilepsy, and inappropriate drug selection may result in increased frequency of seizures.

In this study, the influence of histamine type 1 (H1) receptor antagonist ketotifen and four chosen antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on mice activity was examined. We evaluated three parameters of locomotor activity in mice: horizontal total activity with total distance and vertical activity, as well as animal spontaneous activity. Experiments were divided into two 15-minutes studies. During the first 15 minutes, we examined exploratory activity in mice; in the second period, spontaneous activity was tested. In the experiment, Ketotifen or vehicle were administered once or for 7 days daily, whereas AEDs were given only once before test performance.

Our results show that ketotifen given alone once or for 7 days significantly increased exploratory locomotor activity in mice without affecting their spontaneous activity. However, in combination with AEDs, ketotifen given once or for 7 days differently affected spontaneous and locomotor activity in mice. Our study indicates that the combination of ketotifen with AEDs needs special attention in pharmacotherapy of epilepsy.
Antimicrobial efficacy of Colgate Plax Cool Mint® mouthwash – in vivo studies
Authors: Szymanska Jolanta , Olejnik Ewa , Biernasiuk Anna , Malm Anna
Published: April 2021

Hygienic procedures in oral cavity, both teeth brushing and using mouthwashes, have an influence on the composition and quantity of oral microflora. The aim of the work was to evaluate the impact of regular use of selected mouthwash on the titer of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus bacteria and Candida yeast-like fungi in the saliva.

The evaluation of the influence of Colgate Plax Cool Mint® mouthwash on the number of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus bacteria and Candida yeast-like fungi in the saliva was done. The research included 39 persons at the age of 17±3 months, out of whom 30 people constituted a study group using mouthwash and 9 people – a control group not using mouthwash. The persons from the study group used the mouthwash twice a day for 2–3 minutes for the period of 5 months. The material for the microbiological tests constituted 2 ml of saliva collected three times from the participants: at the beginning of the research – before the use of a mouthwash and respectively, after 2.5 and 5 months from the first test.

Colgate Plax Cool Mint®, the most frequently used by the youth in their daily oral hygiene and used in the present study mouthwash, showed effectiveness in reduction of Lactobacillus spp. and S. mutans bacteria, as well as C. albicans yeasts in the saliva of the studied persons, what is undoubtedly connected with inhibition of formation and prevention of oral plaque development.
Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of the n-butanol extract of Centaurea maroccana Ball aerial parts
Authors: Aissous Imen , Benrebai Mouad , Cacan Ercan , Caglar Berkel , Erenler Ramazan , Ameddah Souad , Benayache Samir , Benayache Fadila , Bensouici Chawki
Published: April 2021

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the total phenolic contents, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities of the n-BuOH extract of Centaurea maroccana (BECM). The total phenolic and flavonoid of the butanolic extract of the plant were assessed by using Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride colorimetric assays, respectively, and the quantitative estimation of total flavonoids and phenols revealed the richness of the extract in these compounds. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using standard lab colorimetric methods, while the anti-proliferative activity was evaluated using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay against C6 (Rattus norvegicus brain glioma) and HT29 (Homo sapiens colorectal adenocarcinoma) cell lines. The n-butanolic extract of Centaurea maroccana showed a strong antioxidant activity through DPPH, ABTS•+, DMSO alkalin, Reducing power, β-Carotene-linoleic acid and CUPRAC assays. Furthermore, the anti-proliferative activity against C6 and HT29 of Centaurea maroccana exhibited a high effect by the decrease in viability of both cancer cell lines. Our results suggest a possible use of Centaurea maroccana as a source of natural antioxidant and chemo-preventive agents against cancer.
Molecular docking study of the acetylcholinesterase inhibition
Authors: Merzoug Amina , Boucherit Hanane , Khaled Rima , Chefiri Amel , Chikhi Abdelouahab , Bensegueni Abderrahmane
Published: April 2021

While Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia, acetylcholinesterase is an interesting therapeutic target for the development of new anti-Alzheimer’s disease drugs. In order to discover potential compounds inhibiting this protein target, a molecular docking study of a similar collection of 1-[[2,4-bis[(E)hydroxyiminomethyl] pyridin-1-ium-1-yl]methoxymethyl] pyridin-1-ium-4-carboxamide (HLO) inhibitor from ZINC database using FlexX program was realized. Before performing the molecular docking, FlexX was validated by Root mean square deviation test to determine the reproducibility of the docking program. The strategy undertaken in this study permitted us to propose products 4-[[2-[(Z)-N’-hydroxycarbamimidoyl]-4-pyridyl]methylamino] benzamide and N-[(E)-[1-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrrol-2-yl]methylene amino]isonicotinamide as potential new inhibitors of humane acetylcholinesterase. The two proposed products may act as strong anti-Alzheimer leads compounds.
Correction of mitochondrial dysfunction by succinic acid derivatives under experimental cerebral ischemia conditions
Authors: Pozdnyakov Dmitry I. , Zolotych Denis S. , Larsky Michael V.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study. To evaluate the effect of succinic acid derivatives on changes of mitochondrial function in rats under cerebral ischemia conditions.

Materials and methods. In this work, the effect of succinic acid, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, and acetylaminosuccinic acid at doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg (per os) on the change of the neuronal mitochondria function was studied. Cerebral ischemia was reproduced by the Tamura method. The following parameters were evaluated: changes in aerobic/anaerobic metabolism, mitochondrial membrane potential, the opening rate of the mitochondrial pore of transitional permeability and the activity of apoptotic systems.

Results. During the study, it was found that the use of the test-compounds at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg contributed to an increase in ATP-generating activity, as well as the maximum respiration level and respiratory capacity, while accompanied by a decrease in the intensity of anaerobic metabolism reactions. Also, upon administration of the test succinic acid derivatives, an increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential and latent opening time of the mitochondrial pore transitional permeability were observed. Moreover, the activity of caspase-3 and apoptosis-inducing factor on groups treated by test objects at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg was significantly lower than that in untreated animals.

Conclusion. The studied succinic acid derivatives contribute to the restoration of mitochondrial function in cerebral ischemia conditions, while the most effective dose can be considered to be 100 mg/kg.
Evaluation of apical root resorption occurrence in orthodontic patients treated with fixed braces depending on selected clinical parameters
Authors: Ciurla Agata , Szymanska Jolanta
Published: April 2021

An aim of the work was analysis of the possible connections between the selected clinical parameters and external apical root resorption (EARR) in patients after orthodontic treatment.

The study comprised 101 persons, who underwent complex orthodontic treatment with the use of fixed braces (straight-arch technique).

The teeth chosen for measurement of resorption level were central and lateral incisors of mandible and maxilla, as well as maxillary first molars, which are the most susceptible to root resorption. The roots were measured on the basis of the dental radiographs taken before and at the end of treatment. The measurements were made on digital radiographs with the use of diagnostic software (Planmeca Romexis® Viewer), which allows the image filters ensure the highest precision when localizing roots end points. Proportional measurements of the chosen teeth were made with the use of Linge’s method and Linge’s method modified by Brezniak et al. For further analysis, the persons taking part in the study were divided into two groups depending on the presence of postorthodontic EARR or its lack, resulting from radiographic measurements: a control group comprising 61 patients without EARR (with 0.90 ≤ rRCR ≤ 1.00) and a study group including 40 patients with EARR (rRCR < 0.90). In statistical analysis there was used verification of statistical hypotheses based on the following tests: Pearson’s chi-squared test, Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test.

On the basis of the made analyses and achieved results, it was found out that age, sex, type of skeletal malocclusion, increased overjet and overbite do not constitute risk factors for EARR occurrence. Excessive proclination of central and lateral incisors of mandible and maxilla predisposes to shortening the roots of these teeth during orthodontic treatment with fixed braces (p < 0.01).
Development of Caudal Fin Cell Line from Hill Trout Barilius Bendelisis (Hamilton, 1807) for Cytotoxicity and Transfection Studies
Authors: Kumar Murali Sanjeev , Soni Pankaj , Kumar Ravindra , Singh Neha , Srivastava Shreya , Mishra Akhilesh Kumar , Singh Vijay Kumar , Kushwaha Basdeo
Published: April 2021

A cell line named BBdF-1, established from the caudal fin of hill stream fish Barilius bendelisis, has been subcultured for more than 52 passages and is being maintained in L-15 media containing 20% FBS. Species origin of the cell line was confirmed using amplification of partial region of 16S and COI mitochondrial gene sequences. The optimum temperature for growth of BBdF-1 cell line was found to be 28°C. Karyotyping revealed diploid chromosome number as 50. Cells exhibited strong binding for cytokeratin marker and thus were found to be epithelial-like. Strong green fluorescence was observed in BBdF-1 cells transfected with phrGFP-II-N vector, indicating its suitability for utilization in gene expression and manipulation studies. Successful assessment of cytotoxicity of two heavy metals, viz. mercury and chromium, was performed. The cell line can serve as a useful resource material for early toxicity screening of pesticides/pollutant and gene expression.
Introduction of Invasive Peacock Bass (Cichla Spp.), Its Rapid Distribution and Future Impact on Freshwater Ecosystem in Malaysia
Authors: Khaleel Aliyu Garba , Ismail Norshida , Ahmad-Syazni Kamarudin
Published: April 2021

Malaysia is recognised among the mega-diversity countries with the abundance of various freshwater species. Malaysian freshwater biodiversity is under threat after the introduction of an invasive peacock bass. The presence of this predator could challenge the coexistence of the native species. In the current review, the most important aspects regarding peacock bass threats to the biodiversity future of local species are addressed. Four non-native species of peacock bass are presently recognised in Malaysia. To date, the peacock bass species expand to all parts of Peninsular Malaysia with no records yet found in Kelantan and Borneo. Invasion success is more susceptible in Malaysian lakes (84.38%) compared to the dams, rivers and reservoirs. The mode of rapid expansion of this species is highly connected to the sport fishing and anglers. A propagule pressure, favourable habitat, prey abundance and feeding behaviours are responsible factors for the successful establishment of this species in Malaysia. The species are generalist feeders and piscivorous in nature. It is difficult to eradicate peacock bass since it provides physical jobs (recreation and tourism). However, the damage the species will cause in future is unpredictable. At this point, proper management of this species must be implemented to reduce its population. This could be achieved through updating checklists of freshwater bodies, improving monitoring systems and public awareness.
Prototype Theory in the Judicial Practice of the Court of Justice of the European Union. A Case Study
Authors: Zeifert Mateusz
Published: April 2021

Prototype theory is a semantic theory according to which the membership of conceptual categories is based not on a list of criterial features, but rather on the similarity to the most representative member of the category. Consequently, conceptual categories may lack classical definitions and rigid boundaries. This article supports the claims, already made by other scholars working in the field, that prototype theory may greatly augment our understanding of legal (i.e. statutory, judicial) interpretation. Legal provisions are traditionally written as classical definitions, but they are rarely applied that way. Statutory concepts tend to be interpreted with a great deal of flexibility, using a wide array of extra-textual factors. This is especially true for the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which has to deal with the challenges of the multilingual, supranational law of the European Union.
Politica Prozei Fracturiste
Authors: Bâlici Mihnea
Published: April 2021

This paper is aiming to analyze the prose of the early 2000s’ young authors from an ideological and political point of view. Fracturism was a literary movement with anarchist and insurgent purposes, but the nature of their values was not clarified by the local literary criticism. This thesis suggests a redefinition of the anti-systemic attitude proposed by the Fracturists. Also, another objective is to clarify the relationship of Fracturist prose to the aesthetics’ domain. In this sense, inconsistencies can be observed between the anti-postmodernist obsession of “The Fracturist Manifesto” and the literary works themselves. Moreover, the subcultural themes as used by the young prose writers become a means of self-promotion in the Romanian literary field from post-Communism.
Lucian Blaga Și B. Fundoianu -Ipostaze Antagonice În Cadrul „Expresionismului Românesc”
Authors: Pop Ionucu
Published: April 2021

The goal of the following paper is to shed more light unto the similarities and the particularities that the works of Lucian Blaga and B. Fundoianu reveal in relation to Expressionism, a current often mentioned in order to catherogirse the two poets. Even though one cannot put the finger on a legitimate Expressionist poetic movement in Romanian culture without a certain ammount of exaggeration, the poetry of the aforementioned figures is undeniably compatible with the current originated from Germany. As I will try to prove, Lucian Blaga and B. Fundoianu can be seen as antagonistic instances in this context, but ultimately revealing a shared expressionist substance upon which the most divergent attitudes are bestowed.
Calea (Din)Spre Eden. Motive Biblice În Lirica Blagiană
Authors: Anca Rusu
Published: April 2021

The following paper revolves around the concept of biblical motifs, legends and a series of analyses that occur because of their complex and stately nature. Concerning several aspects regarding the similarities between Blaga’s poetry and biblical myths, this study reflects Blaga’s confrontation with God and an analysis of how he invokes God in his poems. Poems like „Paradis în destrămare”, „Bunăvestire”, „Întâia duminică”, „Lacrimile”, „Ioan se sfâşie în pustie”, „Pe ape”, „Balada fiului pierdut” allowed Blaga to create genuine artistic imagery with a very penetrating content, loaded with biblical motifs.
Transvalorizări Hipertextuale În Palimpsestul Narativ Sara De Ștefan Agopian
Authors: Barb Andreea Ana-Maria
Published: April 2021

In this paper, I will examine the novel Sara, published by Stefan Agopian in 1987. The novel is a rewriting of the Book of Tobit, from the Old Testament, and is preceded by another novel written by the prose writer on the same biblical theme, entitled Tobit. I will approach the work from the perspective the overvaluation that certain notions suffer, in the transition from the Bible to its narrative Agopian. Transvalorization is a literary phenomenon discussed by G. Genette in his study, Palimpsestes (1982), but my method is not entirely faithful to the narrator.
The Use of the Past Tenses in European Portuguese by Slovene Students: The Causes of Possible Deviations
Authors: Medvedšek Mojca , Müller Blažka
Published: April 2021

The analysis presented in this article aims to ascertain what conditions of use imply deviations in the use of the Past tenses in European Portuguese (PPS, PPC, PI, PMQC) by Slovene learners of Portuguese, A2-B1 level (QECRL), trying to find explanations for its occurrence. The analysis shows the contrast between European Portuguese and Slovenian language in the domain of the Past tenses in terms of tense and aspect, describes the most frequent and evident deviations in a corpus, consisting of the various genres of texts, worksheets, completed by the students. Several presumptions were verified in the qualitative analysis. Among them, the deviations are in most cases due to the fact that in the sphere of the past, the Slovene language is operating with only one paradigm of the past sphere, the preteklik (Past tense), which is supposed to mark all the temporal and aspectual nuances of four Portuguese past tenses of the Indicative. The article tries to underline the different way of marking time and aspect in the respective languages and therefore the students’ difficulties in the perception of temporal and aspectual perfect / imperfect conceptualization.
Lexical Creativity – A Salient Phenomenon in Current Romanian TV and Online Journalism
Authors: Sporiş Valerica
Published: April 2021

The article aims to examine an aspect pertaining to lexical neology, i.e. the lexical creativity as reflected in recent TV and online journalism. Lexical creativity articulates interdisciplinarity, the latter represents a ‛bridge‛ between the facts of language and those of style. Newly words are created by journalists to serve different purposes ranging from ludic, spontaneous, occasional to deliberate, conscious. Lexical creativity is influenced by different factors such as: analogy, imitation, calque, subjectivity, sensitiveness, context, etc.

The language of the media is characterized by dynamics, novelty and accessibility. Through their novelty, words contribute to an enrichment of expressiveness. The newly coined structures are often artificial, the examples analysed in our paper are created by small groups of journalists or by one journalist. The journalists’ intention is to impress, to draw the audience’s attention.

I chose to explore the phenomenon of affixation and I selected as lexical bases some neologisms recently borrowed into Romanian from other languages. The corpus comprises recent examples selected by the author from Romanian TV and online journalism, where the phenomenon of lexical creativity is highly displayed. I chose the transcription of new words in accordance with the phonetic-phonological principle specific to the Romanian language and with the current rules pertaining to plurals forms and use of articles.
(ϕ, φ)-derivations on semiprime rings and Banach algebras
Authors: Wani Bilal Ahmad
Published: April 2021

Let ℛ be a semiprime ring with unity e and ϕ, φ be automorphisms of ℛ. In this paper it is shown that if ℛ satisfies

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for all x ∈ ℛ and some fixed integer n ≥ 2, then 𝒟 is an (ϕ, φ)-derivation. Moreover, this result makes it possible to prove that if ℛ admits an additive mappings 𝒟, 𝒢 : ℛ → ℛ satisfying the relations

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2\mathcal{G}\left( {{x^n}} \right) = \mathcal{G}\left( {{x^{n - 1}}} \right)\phi \left( x \right) + \varphi \left( {{x^{n - 1}}} \right)\mathcal{D}\left( x \right) + \mathcal{D}\left( x \right)\phi \left( {{x^{n - 1}}} \right) + \varphi \left( x \right)\mathcal{D}\left( {{x^{n - 1}}} \right),

for all x ∈ ℛ and some fixed integer n ≥ 2, then 𝒟 and 𝒢 are (ϕ, φ)--derivations under some torsion restriction. Finally, we apply these purely ring theoretic results to semi-simple Banach algebras.
New records of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) from the Muránska planina National Park (Central Slovakia)
Authors: Černý Miloš , Roháček Jindřich
Published: April 2021

A total of 166 species of Agromyzidae have been recorded from the Muránska planina National Park in the Gemer region in Central Slovakia during surveys of Diptera in years 2012–2019. Of these 94 species represent first records from this area and 35 species, viz. Agromyza felleri Hering, 1941, A. orobi Hendel, 1920, A. seticercus L. Papp in Papp & Černý 2015, Amauromyza (Cephalomyza) luteiceps (Hendel, 1920), Aulagromyza luteoscutellata (de Meijere, 1924), Aul. similis (Brischke, 1880), Cerodontha (Butomomyza) falcata Černý in Papp & Černý, 2016, C. (B.) pseuderrans (Hendel, 1931), C. (B.) vigneae Nowakowski, 1967, C. (Cerodontha) stackelbergi Nowakowski, 1972, C. (C.) vandalitiensis Spencer, 1965, C. (Dizygomyza) chaixiana (Hering, 1956), C. (Poemyza) estlandica Zlobin, 1993, C. (P.) morula (Hendel, 1920), Chromatomyia luzulae (Hering, 1924), Ch. periclymeni (Hendel, 1922), Ch. primulae (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851), Ch. scolopendri (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851), Galiomyza morio (Brischke, 1880), Liriomyza taurica Zlobin, 2003, L. valerianae Hendel, 1932, Napomyza merita Zlobin, 1993, Melanagromyza zlobini Pakalniškis, 1996, Nemorimyza posticata (Meigen, 1830), Phytobia carbonaria (Zetterstedt, 1848), Phytomyza actaeae Hendel, 1922, Ph. artemisivora Spencer, 1971, Ph. elsae Hendel, 1927, Ph. homogyneae Hendel, 1927, Ph. kaltenbachi Hendel, 1922, Ph. obscurella Fallén, 1823, Ph. scotina Hendel, 1920, Ph. sedicola Hering, 1924, Ph. silai Hering, 1935 and Ph. vilnensis Pakalniškis, 1998 are new additions to the fauna of the whole of Slovakia. With these additions, altogether 213 species are currently known from the Muránska planina NP so representing by far the largest regional diversity of Agromyzidae hitherto ascertained in Slovakia.
A new species of Systenus Loew (Dolichopodidae, Diptera) from Slovakia
Authors: Negrobov Oleg P. , Manko Peter , Oboňa Jozef
Published: April 2021

Dolichopodid specimens were collected during a field work in Prešov town in 2019. Systenus slovakiensis
sp. nov. from anthropogenic habitats is described. Differential diagnoses are given and illustrated. A key to females of Systenus species of the Palearctic is provided. From all other Palaearctic species of this genus, the new species is distinguished by snow-white trochanters and black femora.
Bryophytes of Travný Nature Reserve in Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts (Czech Republic)
Authors: Plášek Vítězslav
Published: April 2021

Bryological survey in Travný Nature Reserve was done in 2019. The total of 138 bryophytes (34 liverworts and 104 moss species) were recorded in the protected area. Among the most important records can be mentioned liverworts Liochlaena lanceolata, Nowellia curvifolia, Riccardia latifrons or Trichocolea tomentella and mosses Brachydontium trichodes, Campylostelium saxicola, Fissidens pusillus, Lewinskya striata, and Oxystegus tenuirostris.