bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Issue of the Possibility for a Court to Use Expert Techniques in Determining the Proportions of Compensation for Property Damage Caused by a Traffic Accident
Authors: Sedov D. V. , Sirokhin A. I.
Published: October 2019

The study of the features of compensation for harm caused by a high-risk object is important both from theoretical and practical points of view. The article attempts to justify the possibility for a court to use expert techniques in determining the proportions of compensation for property damage caused by a traffic accident resulting from inadequacy of road conditions to safety requirements. The subjective basis for imposing liability on a driver for the damage caused by the accident is the high-risk object owner’s conscious choice to carry out activities entailing an accidental harmful result. When considering the cases of this category, the court may face the problem of determining the proportions of compensation for the damage that has arisen from the inadequacy of the driving to the requirements of traffic regulations and from negligence in the performance of duties by the road services. In this case, it is proposed to determine the proportions of damages from the standpoint of rationale for the extent of the driver’s technical ability to prevent the accident.
Problems of Cost Evaluation of Damage to Environmental Objects
Authors: Omel’yanyuk G. G. , Vakula M. A. , Nikulina M. V.
Published: October 2019

The article discusses the key issues of cost evaluation of damage to the environment. This is a problem of legislative regulation arising from the lack of clear criteria of harm materiality to environmental objects; the problem of regulation of the content of ecotoxicants in various environments; the problem of methodological support. The difficulties of determining the “initial” state of the violated environmental objects, as well as fundamental differences in approaches to the calculation of economic damage to environmental objects are also analysed. It is shown that a possible resolution for these issues is environmental forensics involving the application of specialized knowledge of natural sciences, ecology in particular, to specify the consequences of an environmental offence, causal relationship and economic damage to the environmental objects. Forensic environmental experts have integrated knowledge of natural sciences and law.
On Professional Ethics as Applied to the Head of a Forensic Expert Organization
Authors: Surovaya O. A.
Published: October 2019

The article addresses social significance of the issues of a Head’s of a forensic expert organization professional ethics, its fundamentals. The importance of law and morality synergy in regulation of social relations is emphasized. An approach to the systematization of professional and ethical norms for the Heads of forensic expert organizations is suggested as well as additional principles for the legislation on forensic expert activities regarding the Head’s ethical competence. Drawing on the research of foreign experience some basic provisions aimed at unification of moral and ethical norms were reviewed including the necessity of personnel’s ethics development, its fostering in the early stages of young experts’ training under the direct supervision of the Head of the organization.
Dynamics of fertility of chernozemic soil and monoculture of corn and in short term crop rotation
Authors: Malienko A , Tararico N. , Zvedenyuk T. , Lyubomskyy V.
Published: October 2019

It was found that long-term cultivation of corn with the fertilizer application rate of N70P72K72 kg/ha of crop rotation and embedding as a by-product of organic fertilizers does not lead to a reduction in yields of the crop. In addition, during prolonged systematic burying of 21,7 t/ha of reside of corn stalks into the soil, there is a favorable for humus and nutrient status. In five-course grain-row crop rotations due to the reduction of organic matter in revenues of 2.5 times, there is a decrease of humus content.
Material well-being by moisture of agricultural cultures sowing in Northern Steppe crop rotations
Authors: Shevchenko M.S. , Lebed’ E.M. , Lorinets F.A. , Desyatnyk L.M.
Published: October 2019

The dynamics of maintenance of productive moisture in soil of sowing of agricultural cultures in three 8-filds crop rotations was studied. The best terms of material well-being by moisture and balance of productive moisture are exposed in crop rotations with fallow, grain and cultivated cultures or grain and cultivated cultures. More high level of the productivity in them was provided by organic and mineral or mineral systems of fertilizer of soil.
Agroresource potential and rationale for irrigation North-Central Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Soroka Y. , Tarariko Y.A. , Saydak R.V.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of research - a comprehensive assessment of the potential agroresource North-Central Steppe of Ukraine, set limitipuyuschie factors to improve the productivity of agriculture. During the robot conventional research methods were used: field, laboratory, analytical, comparative, kompyuternoy simulation modeling, and system generalization of the results.

Experiental part held in a stationary field experiment Zaporozhye experimental station Of Institute oil culture NAAS Studies have shown that the systematic application of fertilizers on a range of agro, chemical, physical, agrohimichesih indicators studied soil has Visokiy potential fertility.

Surfacing Systems of soil on crop rotation productivity impact is immaterial. One can only note the trend for the most minor ways of loosening the soil with mulch.

The test crop rotation composition simulates one of the most intensive farming options. Indicators of productivity and the variation coefficient of variation it indicates a fairly low level of realization of the potential fertility of chernozem ordinary, which is explained on the one hand, the steady downward trend in the annual water balance, on the other hand, promotion of a balance of humus, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers at the studied systems.

The dependence of the yield of the agro-climatic conditions considered by the example of the main cereal region - winter wheat. It was found that the greatest impact on the implementation of crop production potential are hydrothermal conditions of May - June.

Analysis of the results of research allowed to evaluate the potential agroresource North Steppe and to establish the impact of the major factors in the formation of crop yields. Irrigation in this zone is the most important factor for improving productivity of crops, and its implementation in 70% of rotations may increase the productivity of not less than 1.8 times.
Productivity of agrocenoses of oat in conditions pollution of heavy metals of gray forest soil
Authors: Klymenko I. I.
Published: October 2019

Object. To set possibility of the use of sowing of oats the shelled and naked for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with zinc, lead and cadmium in condition of right-bank Forest-Steppe. Methods. Field trials, laboratory testing, mathematical-statistical methods. Results. Conducted experiments affirm that the cultivation of different varieties of oats artificially contaminated with heavy metals ecotopes gray forest soils has led to changes in their quantitative, qualitative, toxicological characteristics of harvest, and also determination of the possibility of using grain. Conclusions. It is established that in condition of right-bank Forest-Steppe on territory with content in the grey forest soil of lead up to 1,000 mg, zinc up to 500 and cadmium up to 20 mg per kg sowings of oats shelled (variety Neptune) and oats naked (variety Solomon) show high tolerance to pollution, so it is possible to conduct a phytoremediation with their use, however the change for the worse of toxicological grain characteristics of these crops makes impossible its use in food and feed purposes.
The balance of nitrogen in soils of field crop rotation when a 50-year application of fertilizers
Authors: Hospodarenko G . M. , Cherno O. D.
Published: October 2019

The results of studies conducted in long-term stationary field experiments Department of Agricultural Chem­ istry and Soil Science at podzolic heavy clayloam chernozem of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe Ukraine on the effect of different rates of fertilizer and systems including the biological direction, in the direction of the main nutrients and balance in crop rotation.

It is found that the removal of nitrogen in field crop rotation depending on the doses of fertilizers were 82,4–136.2 kg/ha at the stem in the control variant without fertilizers – 63,5 kg/ha. Found that the saturation of crop rotation with clover and peas the minimum optimal rate of nitrogen balance is formed during the introduction on 1 hectare square field rotation N45P45K45 or manure 4,5 t/ha + N23P34K18 with intensity respectively 75 and 70 %. In the application of organic fertilizers system, depending on the doses of manure, he had the allowable deficit and its intensity was 77–88 %. A balanced nitrogen balance is formed when you make N 90-135Р90-135К90-135 and manure 13.5 t/ha + N68Р101К54 on an area of 1 ha, respectively, with the intensity of the 115, 123 and 116 %.
Use of land in a water fund in modern conditions
Authors: Ryzhova K.I. , Mandzyk V.M.
Published: October 2019

The article deals with issues of management and financial support land use water resources Ukraine in terms of decentralization. It was established that one of the obstacles to decentralization in Ukraine is the lack of necessary funding infrastructure upgrades lands of water fund. The necessity of reforming the institutional system of water use on the lands of water fund, through the implementation of new institutional forms of economic development, water resources, focused on the water and agricultural needs of communities. In particular, they provide for the establishment of partnerships between the state and private enterprise entities and ensure diversification of investment water management and protection projects.
Productivity of short-term crop rotation sones of sufficient moisture Right-Bank Forest
Authors: Kvasnitska L. S.
Published: October 2019

It is presented the results of the comparative evaluation of five-fields rotation, rich in grain and industrial crops, it is determinedthe most productive set of options that offer high and sustainable yield of crops, high energy and economic efficiency in the conditions of sufficient moisture Right-Bank Forest. It is found that the highest overall performance of all experimental rotation - out of 1 hectare of arable land fodder units - 10.60 m and digestible protein - 0.789 tonnes was received in rotation with 20% saturation of sugar beets and soybeans, 60% of crops for mineral fertilizer system. High levels of energy efficiency in rotation were received with 20% saturated white mustard, soya and 60% of grain crops. The energy efficiency ratio was 4.65 standard units
The ecological expediency of biodestructors «Ekostern» under intensive agriculture
Authors: Korsun S.G. , Klimenko I.I. , Davydyuk А.V. , Dovbash N.I. , Shkarivskaya L.I.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the study was to determine changes in the biotic components of the soil under the influence of biodestructors «Ekostern» (producer of «BTU-Center»). Methods. Laboratory and mathematical-statistical. Results. The results of researches on studying of processes of destruction of organic matter and formation of humus substances under the influence of biodestructors of crop residues on corn stalks. Established ecological expediency of application of biodestructors «Ekostern». The biological action of the preparation did not cause a sharp increase in mineralization processes, i.e. the preparation is ecologically safe.
Monitoring of the phytosanitary status of field crops in technological research
Authors: Korneychuk M.S.
Published: October 2019

The articles brought dotsіlnіst monitoring procedure fіtosanіtarnogo become polovih crops tehnologіchnih doslіdah.

Place your viyavlennya i Metodi oblіku shkіdnikіv i hvorob. Venue of systematically monіtoringu rozvitku shkіdlivih ob’єktіv dozvolyaє otsіniti zahisnu role priyomіv included in the scheme doslіdu and for perevischennya ekonomіchnogo threshold shkodochinnostі background zastosuvati bіologіchnі chi hіmіchnі zasobi i zberegti doslіd.
Land management of the protection and rational use of agricultural land
Authors: Kaminskyi V.F. , Shevchenko I.P. , Kolomiets L.P.
Published: October 2019

Goal. To carry out a scientific analysis of approaches to the determination of the effectiveness of land use in the context of the transformation of land relations.

Methods. System-structural analysis of approaches to optimization of land use of rural territories.

Results. The theoretical and methodological approaches to increase the efficiency of use of agricultural land potential potential in the development of decentralization processes are substantiated.

Conclusions. The complex system of measures concerning the ecological and economic regulation of the use of land- resource potential by the development of a system of land management projects on the basis of ecologically safe land use is substantiated and proposed.
No-till - the technology of growing winter wheat as a factor in optimizing the hydrothermal regime of the soil
Authors: Korniychuk A.V.
Published: October 2019

Application No-till - the technology of growing winter wheat reduces the fluctuations in the daily temperatures of thesoil surface by more than half, by almost 70 ° C, reduces the maximum daily temperature, which reduces the soil moisture loss by 1.7 times, compared to traditional technology. In the period of high demand of germinating seeds in the heat, zero tillage retains it better, reducing the pre-emergence period by 30%. With No-till technology, the risk of damage to plants by low temperatures and ice cake during the overwintering period is significantlyreduced.
Biological activity of clear gray forest soil for different potato fertilizer systems
Authors: Matviichuk B.V. , Matviichuk N.G.
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the question of changing the microbiological state and biological activity of the soil in different potato fertilizer systems in the short-term crop rotation of Polissya. It was found that with the consistent application of ma-nure with moderate mineral fertilizer standards, the structure of microbiological cenosis of the soil changes: against the background of their aftereffects, the total number of microorganisms increases by an average of 31%, ammonifiers - by 33%, phosphor mobilizing bacteria - by 2.6 times. The coefficients of mineralization and soil oligotrophy are calculated. It has been proved that all biological processes have positive correlation bonds with the total number of microorganisms, bacteria that use mineral nitrogen forms, ammonifiers, phosphoramidizers and actinomycetes.
Tetraploid buckwheat as a green manure crop for organic farming
Authors: Trygub O.V. , Zaika I.V. , Karazbey P.P.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the research is to investigate the prospects of using the new breeding number of tetraploid buckwheat Ustymivska tetra 1/2017 (UT 1/2017) for the ability to increase the vegetative mass in comparison with the diploid variety.

Methods of research. Experiment was laid in 2017. Buckwheat variety Ukrainka was used as a standard. The investigated variety and standard were sown with ordinary narrow-row and wide-row methods (15 and 45 cm, respectively), with different seeding rates of 300, 400 and 500 seeds / m2 and for three terms (12 May, 14 June and 17 July). Amount of the green mass was determined during the flowering phase for all three terms of sowing.

Results. According to the data obtained under optimal conditions, the variety of buckwheat UT 1/2017 formed in 1.5-2 times a greater green mass of plants in comparison with diploids Ukrainka at a level of 4.05-7.05 kg of green mass per 1 m2, which, in terms of per 1 hectare is 85-100 tons and indicates its suitability for repeated and stubble crops if there is sufficient moisture in the soil. The greatest influence on the productivity of the variety in the experiment had the sowing period. A high level of yield at the first planting date indicates the most optimal conditions for the productivity of buckwheat vegetative mass in this period. The row spacing also affects the yield. Thus, with a wide-sowing planting (45 cm), the density of plants was optimal when sowing 500 pcs/m2, and for a narrow row - 300 pcs/m2, at which the maximum yield of green mass was formed - 6.77 and 7.05 kg/m2, respectively.
Influence of correlation of cultures and systems of tillage of soil on the impurit of sowing and productivity of crop rotations
Authors: Мaliarchuk N.P. , Isakova G.M. , Маlyarchuk А.S. , Luzhanskyi I.Yu.
Published: October 2019

In the article results over of experimental researches of influence of different methods and depth of basic till of soil are brought in a crop rotation on the impurit of sowing of agricultural cultures and productivity of the row crop rotations on irrigation.

By the purpose of the article was scientific to ground the optimal parameters of correlation of competitive cultures of irrigated agrocenosis; determination of the phytosanitary state of sowing depending on correlation of cultures; establishment of reaction of cultures on a different satiation by them row crop rotations of short rotary press

For realization of researches used the field, laboratory, statistical and calculation-comparative methods.

Authors came to the conclusion, that in the link of зернопросапної crop rotation on livery soils of south region at irrigation the best results were provided by the system of different depth dump treatment. Replacement of basic tillage of soil the nonmoldboard deep and shallow loosening results in worsening of the phytosanitary state of sowing, decline of the productivity of agricultural cultures on the productivity of crop rotation.
An extension of range and a rearing record for Parmena slamai Sama, 1986 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Parmenini)
Authors: Hancock E. Geoffrey
Published: October 2019

The occurrence of Parmena slamai Sama, 1986 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) on the Greek island Lesvos is a considerable extension of its known geographical range. Data are given for establishing a known foodplant from the stems of which adult beetles were reared.
A new species of Ellipteroides from the Iberian Peninsula in the subgenus Ramagonomyia new to the Palaearctic Region (Diptera: Limoniidae)
Authors: Hancock E. Geoffrey , Starý Jaroslav
Published: October 2019

A new species of Ellipteroides (Diptera: Limoniidae) is described from a number of specimens collected in Spain and Portugal over the last 35 years. It is placed in the subgenus Ramagonomyia, previously unknown from the Palaearctic.
Using non-parametric statistical analysis to estimate the numbers of solitary wasp and bee species (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) at study sites
Authors: Archer Michael E.
Published: October 2019

The potential total number of solitary aculeate wasp and bee species on 34 research sites was estimated using non-parametric Chao and Jackknife tests of presence/absence. Successful estimates of the maximum number of species were achieved for some but not for other sites. Making further
visits to a site or removing 'tourist' species data led to further success in estimating the potential number of species. The optimum number of visits required to successfully evaluate the aculeate fauna at a site was determined.
مبتكرات القرآن الكريم في كلام العرب
Authors: إبراهيم أياد حميد
Published: October 2019

يعد القران الكريم عماد لغة العرب الاسمى والذي تدين له في بقائها وسلامتها وتستمد منه علومها على تنوعها وكثرتها, فمن حقه علينا ان ندرسه ومن حق انفسنا علينا ان نتفهم اسرار لغتنا عن طريق دراسة اساليب هذا الكتاب. فمن خلال تدريسي لمادة (تحليل النص القرآني) وجدت في بعض التفاسير عبارة (وهذا ما تفرد به القران) في اثناء تحليلهم للأساليب البلاغية خاصة, فعزمت على جمع ما استطعت من الاساليب التي تفرد بها القران الكريم والتي لم يكن للعرب فيها نصيب فأعجزهم بشهادة فرسان الفصاحة والبلاغة آنذاك لدراسة تلك الاساليب وبيان الاسس التي تفرد بها عنهم مستعيناً بكتب التفسير والبلاغة واللغة والقراءات والاعجاز القرآني فكانت لبنة وضعتها بين ما وضعها الباحثون في هذا المجال.

وقد اشتمل هذا البحث على مقدمة ومطلبين وخاتمة , تضمن المطلب الاول على تمهيد وفرعين، فكان الفرع الاول عن: مخالفة القران الكريم للأغراض الشعرية عند العرب والتي تعارفوا عليها ومنها: الدعوة الى العقائد الدينية والوعظ والارشاد واستنهاض همم المسلمين للجهاد والاغراض السياسية والفخر والحماسة والمديح والهجاء والرثاء. اما الفرع الثاني فكان عن : الصياغة الفنية الجديدة التي جاء بها القران الكريم وهي:- عدم اختياره الوزن والقافية والرد على بعض الشبهات التي اثيرت حول استكمال بعض النصوص القرآنية لميزان بحور الشعر. اما المطلب الثاني فكان عن التراكيب القرآنية ؛والجمل الدالة على معانِ مفيدة ومحررة والاسلوب القصصي الجديد والتصرف في حكاية احوال المحكي واسلوب الامثال الجديدة واختلاف اساليب سور القران الكريم واسلوب مقدمات السور القرآنية والإيجاز والاطناب واستعمال الالفاظ المشتركة والرقة والجزالة ثم النتائج التي توصلت اليها.
لغـة الطفـل بين اليومي والعادي
Authors: المهدي شفيق
Published: October 2019

اللغة مؤسسة..... لها نظامها الخاص، ورغم عمومية تداوليتها، إلا إن لها نسقها الخاص، انفتاح هذا النسق على كافة التطورات والمؤثرات والاستجابات، كافة والأفعال، وردات الفعل في حركة اي مجتمع، ولهذه المؤسسة رغم مرتكزاتها التجريدية، إلا أنها تتمتع بوعاء حسين فهي مادة- من مستوى معين – ولذلك فهي قابلة للإدراك، ولطالما أنها قابلة للإدراك، فإنها تكون خاضعة تماما للتخطيط.. والتخطيط عملية عقلية...على الرغم من أننا نخطط ونضع نظريات، كل نظرية تزيح الأخرى بمقدار ما يوجد فيها من مصداقية، إلا إننا في احتمالات الوجود، انما نخطط لوجود سابق على وجود ذواتنا ... كتقنيات موجودة في الطبيعة، وهي أي اللغة وجود شابق على فردانيتنا نحن البشر، نحن اللذين تمارس علينا اللغة استبداها وضغوطها، لكي نولد فعلاً في هذه الحياة ولكي نكون فاعلين أو مؤثرين داخل منطقة استيعاب المؤسسات العامة الاجتماعية – على وجه الخصوص – وما فاعل اللغة أو مفعولها إلا هوامش في منطقة الاستيعاب هذه التي تشمل القواعد والنحو والصرف ولهذا يرى الباحث بأن اللغة وعي ، والوعي قرين هذه اللغة ليس جارها أو مجرورها وانما في مستوى توليداتها وإنتاجيتها كما في دلالالياتها وتداوليتها ولهذا فاللغة مؤسسة تدفع بالإنسان خارج حضريته، وان لم يستوعبها ولهذا نرى كما يرى الغذامي بأن وعي الفرد في أي مجتمع إنما يخضع (وفي لحظة تاريخية معينة لسلطة الخطاب المؤسساتي والذي يمارس هيمنة تتمثل في سلطة الإقصاء والتهميش لبعض المقولات والمبادئ والأنساق الفكرية والثقافية التي تعارضه)(1).

أو على عكس مايريده الغذامي، ان يعارضها، اي عندما تكون هناك معارضة للإنسان ضد لغته أو ضد اللغات الأجنبية الأخرى ... بمعنى عدم تقبلها بفعل لا واعي – خفي، لا نستطيع تحسسه لكنه لا يشبه في كل الأحوال معارضته أو عدم تقبل احد الفنون، وذلك لان وجود اللغة اشمل واعم، وتدخلاتها في حياتنا يدور على أجزاء الثانية والدقيقة، ولا تنقطع الصلة باللغة إلا بالموت وربما من بعده أي علاقة اللغة بالإنسان عندما يصبح جثة أي ما نسميها نحن بالتلقين وهي تميز نوعي للغة طقوسية اعم واشمل، وهي متداولة في كل الأحيان وفي جميع الديانات السماوية والوضعية وهذا ما لم يتم الانتباه له من قبل.
التعرية الاخدودية في حوض وادي هيزوب
Authors: عبد الرحمن هالة محمد
Published: October 2019

تتباين شدة التعرية الاخدودية في حوض وادي هيزوب الواقع ضمن قضاء رانية احدى اقضية محافظة السليمانية تبعاً لعدة عوامل منها: التكوينات الصخرية وشدةالانحدار، كمية الامطار ونظام سقوطها كثافة النبات الطبيعي فضلاً عن دور الانسان فيها. وتم حساب شدة التعرية بناءاً على معادلة Bergsma واعتماداً على المرئية الفضائية للقمر الصناعي Landsat-7 لسنة 2009 ومعالجتها باستخدام برنامج Arc Map GIS 9.3 التي بينت وجود ثلاثة انطقة للتعرية حسب شدتها وان نظام التعرية المتوسطة هو السائد في الحوض بنسبة72,46 % من المساحة الكلية.
The underestimated power of woman In Susan Glaspell’s Trifle
Authors: Nati Ikhlas Muhammed
Published: October 2019

This paper examines the theme of feminism through focusing on the female bonding as a means of gaining power .In this paper I’ll prove that the America dramatist Susan Glaspell (1876-1948) makes a feminist leap as she portrays her female characters with an ample cunning to secretly and humbly triumph over male prejudice.  She challenged those who believed that the United States offered freedom and equality by demonstrating that women were not treated equally since they were excluded from participating in the justice system except as defendants the underestimated power of woman in Susan Glaspell’s Trifles  (1916) which is written in the early  twentieth century  but it transcends  time periods and cultures.
أدلة اثبات الصانع لدى الفرق الكلامية الإسلامية -الشيعة ـ المعتزلة ـ الاشعرية ـ أنموذجا-
Authors: تايه ابراهيم موحان
Published: October 2019

البحث: (أدلة اثبات الصانع لدى الفرق الكلامية الإسلامية الشيعة ـ المعتزلة ـ الاشعرية أنموذجا)، معني في إحصاء وتحليل ومقارنة أدلة وجود الله عند ثلاث فرق كلامية اسلامية: الشيعة والمعتزلة والاشعرية، وإيضاح المنهجية التي سلكتها كل فرقة في إيراد أدلتها الخاصة والمتعلقة بإثبات الصانع.
المكونات الاساسية والقواعد الاستنتاجية في منطق الرتبة الاولى
Authors: يوسف ليث أثير
Published: October 2019

كان الهدف من البحث بيان منطق الرتبة الاولى ومكوناته ورموزه وصيغه ومصطلحاته وكل مايتعلق به لما يمثل من اهمية في اوساط المنطق الرياضي وأهميته في حياتنا العملية فهذا المنطق له صيغ خاصة وطريقة في كتابة الرموز تختلف عن بقية حقول المنطق الرياضي فالمحمول هو من سيحدد شكل المصطلح وسيسلك في داخل الصيغة سلوك وظائف (دالية)( functional) والصيغة المعقدة تحتوي على اكثر من محمول فيها اضافة الى الاسوار التي ستحدد القضية من ناحية (الكم) ناهيك عن الية قيم صدق وكذب المصطلح والصيغ في هذا المنطق عن طريق منهج التفسير (interpretation) والحقيقة ان هذا النهج غريب وغير معروف في اوساط الاليات الرمزية والانساق المنطقية في منطق القضايا سواء بصيغه البسيطة أو المعقدة فقيم الصدق ( ثنائية القيم) هي ستحدد صدق الصيغ ، كما ان لمنطق الرتبة الاولى اساسات جعلت منه منطلقاً لاقامة منطق الرتبة الثانية (second order logic)[i] وهو النموذج المطور بالياته البرهانية وصيغه المعقدة عن الاول وكذلك اعتبر منطق الرتبة الاولى منطلقا لاقامة نظرية النماذج أو النمذجة ( models theory)[ii] تلك النظرية الرياضية التي تجمع مابين المجموعات الكلية في نظرية المجموعات والصيغ الجبرية بالاضافة الى ان منطق الرتبة الاولى ذا اهمية في تكوين لغات البرمجة المنطقية (logical programming language) ومنها لغة برولوغ (prolog) الشهيرة التي تعتمد بالاساس على هذا المنطق في بناء وتفسير صيغها وكذلك في مجال الذكاء الصناعي (artificial intelligence) . لذا كان من الضروري تقديم بيان ملخص ومفصل عن مكونات هذا النوع من المنطق الرياضي وشرح الياته الرياضية والمنطقية

 

[i] ) للاستزادة من الشرح المفصل حول موضوع (منطق الرتبة الثانية –second order logic) ينظر كتاب STEWART SHAPIRO, foundations without foundationalism, CLARENDON PRESS,Uk 1991,p.96 )

[ii] ) يعرفها جانغ (cc.chang) في كتابه (model theory) في مقدمته (ص1) الى ان هذه النظرية فرع من المنطق الرياضي وتتعامل مع اللغة الرمزية وتفسيراتها (formal language and its interpretations) أو مايسمى بالنماذج (Models)
التباين المكاني لقيم ملوحة التربة في قضائي بدرة والحي
Authors: فريح ناصر والي , فلاح جواد علي , زغير عباس طراد ساجت
Published: October 2019

تناول البحث تملح التربة في قضائي بدرة والحي، حيث توصل البحث إن المقومات الجغرافية قد أدت دوراً واضحاً في زيادة نسب الملوحة وتباينها في منطقة الدراسة، ومن خلال البحث تبين إن منطقة الدراسة تعاني تملحاً شديداً في أجزاء مختلفة منها وبشكل خاص في الجزء الشرقي من قضاء الحي، ويعود سبب ذلك إلى إرتفاع درجات الحرارة وزيادة كميات التبخر وقلة أنحدار السطح، فضلاً عن دور العوامل البشرية والمتمثلة بسوء إدارة الإنسان للأرض والمياه وأثر ذلك في تقلص المساحات الصالحة للزراعة. وأوضحت نتائج البحث بأن المياه السطحية والجوفية التي إستخدمت في عملية الإرواء قد إحتوت على نسبة من الأملاح، وهذا ما تم إثباته بعد الاطلاع على نتائج تحاليل ملوحة المياه للنماذج المأخوذة من ضمن المنطقة، إذ تجاوزت نسبة الأملاح في هذه المياه ما أشارت إليه نسب معيار منظمة الصحة الدولية للمياه (WHO)، وبينت نتائج البحث أن ترب منطقة الدراسة ذات ملوحة عالية، حيث بلغ معدلها العام لجميع مواقع الترب ولكلا العمقين (10.26) مليموز/سم.
An acoustic description of Mixean Basque (postprint JASA)
Authors: Egurtzegi Ander , Carignan Christopher
Published: October 2019

This paper presents an acoustic analysis of Mixean Low Navarrese, an endangered variety of Basque. The manuscript includes an overview of previous acoustic studies performed on different Basque varieties, in order to synthesize the sparse acoustic descriptions of the language that are available. This synthesis serves as a basis for the acoustic analysis performed in the current study, in which we replicate the various acoustic analyses given in previous studies in a single, cohesive general acoustic description of Mixean Basque. The analyses include formant and duration measurements for the six-vowel system, voice onset time measurements for the three-way stop system, spectral center of gravity for the sibilants, and number of lingual contacts in the alveolar rhotic tap and trill. Important fi?ndings include: a centralized realization ([ʉ]) of the high front rounded vowel usually described as /y/; a data-driven confirmation of the three-way laryngeal opposition in the stop system; evidence in support of an alveolo-palatal to apical sibilant merger; and the discovery of a possible incipient merger of rhotics. These results show how using experimental acoustic methods to study under-represented linguistic varieties can result in revelations of sound patterns otherwise undescribed in more commonly studied varieties of the same language.
I bet you ten pounds it was Arab linguists who first discovered speech acts
Authors: Abdulla Hisham Ibrahim
Published: October 2019

The present paper is part of a larger project intended to show the contribution of traditional Arab Linguists to the basic notions andtheories of pragmatics, in the present case speech - act theory. Special emphasis is laid on performatives, (explicit and implicit), theperformative hypothesis, the descriptive fallacy and the descriptivist or complementarist view of performatives. The paper is aninvestigation of the question concerning whether traditional Arab linguists (rhetoricians, jurisprudents and grammarians) werefamiliar with the basic notions of the theory. The conclusion is that Arab linguists were well acquainted with the basics of the theorycenturies before modern pragmaticists.
The Prosperity of UAE
Authors: Al-Shargie Fares , Ahmed Entesar
Published: October 2019

Competition between nations is essential in achieving prosperity and economic development. Nations cannot have competitive advantage in all aspects. Some nations enjoy competitive advantage in specialized areas, for example, Switzerland has a competitive advantage in the watches industry, while Italy has competitive advantage in the shoes industry. Competition advantage relates to nation’s productivity, which is explained by nation’s output value per a unit of capital or labor, in a cost effective and efficient manner. Initially economists believed that country’s national resources, labor force, interest rates, as well as currency value are the key determinant of nation’s competitive advantage. This paper presents different aspects of prosperity in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and compare it with that in Saudi Arabia.
Action Planning and Situation Analysis of Repurposing Battery Recovery and Application in China (中國汰役電池回收利用的推動現況與分析)
Authors: Chung Hsien-Ching , Cheng Yaw-Chung
Published: October 2019

Due to the vigorous promotion of commercialization and the popularization of electric vehicles in China, the elimination of power batteries has gradually increased, causing environmental protection threats and waste of resources. Therefore, recycling and utilization of such batteries have been actively promoted in recent years. At present, the “Interim Measures for the Management of Recovery and Utilization of New Energy Vehicle Power Battery,” as well as related regulations and standards have been announced. The power battery traceability management platform has been established and promoted, so that the being counseled companies have cooperated to perform these policies. This article is mainly to explain the promotion system and current situation of recovery and reuse of repurposing batteries, including coding principles, traceability management system, manufacturing factory guidelines, dismantling process guidelines, residual energy measurement, etc., as well as analyze the promotion situation and policy in China. Currently, the industry and business of electric vehicles are still in the early stage of promotion. The main products include electric buses, electric motorcycles, and electric scooters. The relative policy about power battery recycling is under development. The policy, code, and standard in China and other countries can be used as references for promoting the recovery and reuse of repurposing batteries in the future in Taiwan. (This article has been published in the Journal of Taiwan Energy 6 (2019) 425-451. Link: https://km.twenergy.org.tw/Publication/thesis_more?id=234 )-----近年來中國大力推動電動車輛的商業化與普及化，導致汰役電池逐漸增加，造成環保威脅與資源浪費的問題。因此積極推動汰役電池的回收與利用。目前已經公布「新能源汽車動力蓄電池回收利用管理暫行辦法」，及相關法規與標準，並建立與推廣動力電池溯源管理平台，同時輔導產業界配合執行。本文主要在說明中國汰役電池回收利用的推動制度與現況，包括編碼規則、溯源管理、設廠規範、拆解規範、餘能量測等，並分析其政府單位與民間企業的推動情形，同時檢討我國相關發展狀況。我國目前電動車輛尚在初期推廣階段，目前主要為電動巴士與電動機車，相關回收政策仍在研擬中，因此中國與國際已有的法規、標準與做法，值得我們做為未來推動汰役電池回收再利用的參考。(本文已發表於台灣能源期刊 6 (2019) 425-451, 連結: https://km.twenergy.org.tw/Publication/thesis_more?id=234 )
RISIKO PLASENTA RINGAN TERHADAP BBLR
Authors: Nur A Fahira
Published: October 2019

Berat badan lahir merupakan salah satu indikator kesehatan bayi baru lahir. Besar kecilnya berat badan lahir tergantung bagaimana pertumbuhan janin intrauterine selama kehamilan. Bayi yang dilahirkan aterm (37 sampai 42 minggu) memiliki berat badan normal 2.500 – 4.000 gram. Beberapa faktor dapat mempengaruhi berat badan lahir bayi yang terdiri dari faktor dari ibu, faktor janin, dan faktor plsenta
validitas reliabilitas praktikalitas bahan ajar non cetak
Authors: Rahmah Siti , Festiyed  , Asrizal Asrizal
Published: October 2019

makalah ini membahas tentang validitas, reliabilitas, praktikalitas, dan efektivitas bahan ajar non cetak (ICT). makalah ini membahas tentang pengertian dan contoh instrumen bahan ajar non cetak. kesimpulan dari makalah ini yaitu;(1) Validitas berasal dari kata valid yang artinya benar.Validitas merupakan kemampuan alat ukur untuk mengukur objek yang dikurnya. Suatu produk dikatakan praktis jika subjek dapat menggunakan bahan ajar tersebut dalam pembelajaran secara praktis dan efisien. Suatu upaya dikatakan efektif apabila upaya tersebut mampu mencapai tujuannya. Untuk melihat apakah bahanajar yang dibuat berkualitas maka perlu dilakukan uji validitas, praktikalitas, dan efektifitas.(2) Praktikalitas berarti bahwa bersifat praktis, artinya mudah dan senang dalam pemakaiannya. Kepraktisan yang dimaksud disini adalah kepraktisan dalam bidang pendidikan (silabus, RPP, bahan ajar, penilaian, LKS maupun produk yang lainnya).(3)Efektifitas berasal dari bahasa Inggris yaitu effective yang berarti berhasil, tepat atau manjur. (4) Reliabilitas adalah kemampuan instrumen menyajikan data yang tetap, meskipun digunakan dalam waktu yang saling berjauhan dengan penelitian pertama.
PENGARUH KUALITAS ANC TERHADAP PLASENTA RINGAN
Authors: Nur A Fahira
Published: October 2019

Perbaikan kesehatan ibu dan anak juga masih menjadi perhatian khusus di Indonesia terutama dalam menekan angka kematian ibu dan bayi.Pertumbuhan janin dipengaruhi oleh ibu, janin, dan plasenta. plasenta berfungsi untuk nutritif, oksigenasi, ekskresi.Namun fungsi plasenta bisa saja terhambat disebakan oleh plasenta ringan.Peran ibu sangat dibutuhkan dalam meningkatkan berat plasenta tersebut,tingkat pengetahuan seorang ibu bisa saja mempengaruhi dalam hal ini ibu dengan tingkat pengetahuan yang tinggi memperoleh kesadaran akan nutrisi dan pemeriksaan antenatal care.
Computational insights into human perceptual expertise for familiar and unfamiliar face recognition
Authors: Blauch Nicholas , Behrmann Marlene , Plaut David C.
Published: October 2019

Humans are generally thought to be experts at face recognition, and yet identity perception for unfamiliar faces is surprisingly poor compared to that for familiar faces. Prior theoretical work has argued that unfamiliar face identity perception suffers because the majority of identity-invariant visual variability is idiosyncratic to each identity, and thus, each face identity must be learned essentially from scratch. Using a high-performing deep convolutional neural network, we evaluate this claim by examining the effects of visual experience in untrained, object-expert and face-expert networks. We found that only face training led to substantial generalization in an identity verification task of novel unfamiliar identities. Moreover, generalization increased with the number of previously learned identities, highlighting the generality of identity-invariant information in face images. To better understand how familiarity builds upon generic face representations, we simulated familiarization with face identities by fine-tuning the network on images of the previously unfamiliar identities. Familiarization produced a sharp boost in verification, but only approached ceiling performance in the networks that were highly trained on faces. Moreover, in these face-expert networks, the sharp familiarity benefit was seen only at the identity-based output layer, and did not depend on changes to perceptual representations; rather, familiarity effects required learning only at the level of identity readout from a fixed expert representation. Our results thus reconcile the existence of a large familiar face advantage with claims that both familiar and unfamiliar face identity processing depend on shared expert perceptual representations.
Rounded Input Variables, Exact Test Statistics (RIVETS)
Authors: Brown Nicholas John Laird , Heathers James
Published: October 2019

Most statistical software packages report the input values to statistical tests (e.g., means and standard deviations for an unpaired t test) in a rounded form (e.g., to two decimal places), with this rounding having been performed after the test statistic has been calculated. However, in some cases, the input values are rounded before the test statistic is calculated, most likely because of some form of manual intervention by the researcher. We describe a method that enables the probabilistic identification of detecting this rounding, the conditions required for this method to be applicable, the tests where pre-calculation rounding can be detected, and the implications of its detection.
Metaphorical language processing and amygdala activation in L1 and L2
Authors: Citron Francesca , Michaelis Nora , Goldberg Adele Eva
Published: October 2019

The present study aims to investigate the neural correlates of processing conventional figurative language in non-native speakers in a comparison with native speakers. Italian proficient L2 learners of German and German native speakers read conventional metaphorical statements as well as literal paraphrases that were comparable on a range of psycholinguistic variables. Results confirm previous findings that native speakers show increased activity for metaphorical processing, and left amygdala activation increases with increasing Metaphoricity. At the whole-brain level, L2 learners showed the expected overall differences in activation when compared to native speakers (in the fronto-temporal network). But L2 speakers did not show any distinctive activation outside the caudate nucleus as Metaphoricity increased, suggesting that the L2 speakers were less affected by increasing Metaphoricity than native speakers were. With small volume correction, only a single peak in the amygdala reached threshold for L2 speakers as Metaphoricity increased. The findings are consistent with the view that metaphorical language is more engaging for native speakers but not necessarily for L2 speakers.
Too LATE for Natural Experiments: A Critique of Local Average Treatment Effects Using the Example of Angrist and Evans (1998)
Authors: Öberg Stefan
Published: October 2019

There has been a fundamental flaw in the conceptual design of many natural experiments used in the economics literature, particularly among studies aiming to estimate a local average treatment effect (LATE). When we use an instrumental variable (IV) to estimate a LATE, the IV only has an indirect effect on the treatment of interest. Such IVs do not work as intended and will produce severely biased and/or uninterpretable results. This comment demonstrates that the LATE does not work as previously thought and explains why using the natural experiment proposed by Angrist and Evans (1998) as the example.
PELANGGARAN MAXIM DALAM NOVEL ASAL KAU BAHAGIA KARYA BERNARD BATUBARA
Authors: Purwaningrum Prapti Wigati
Published: October 2019

The purposes of this study is to describe what and how the Flouts exploiting maxims of the cooperative principle in the dialogues “Asal Kau Bahagia” novel by Bernard Batubara. The approach of this study is qualitative with the content analysis method because this study prioritizes the content approach of the dialogues in the novel. The writer choses this novel because the storyline is simple, easy to understand, and lead the reader imagination especially what Radha experienced when He seemed to be losing his grip on life. In addition, in it there are many dialogues that flouts exploiting maxims of cooperative principle. This research is focused on speech which contains Flouts exploiting maxims and its implications that are adjusted based on the context in the story. Some of the theories used in this study include Implicature theory by Grice, and the principle of relevance by Sperber & Wilson. The conclusion of this study is the writer found 16 data which contained fouts exploiting maxims in cooperative principle. From these data, the most Flouts exploiting maxim of quality and quantity occurred in each of 6 data, Flouts exploiting maxim of reevance consist of 8 data, Flouts exploiting maxim of manner 3 data. Flouts exploiting maxims occur in this novel include the purposes of hiding a secret, giving an explanation, insinuating, asking for an excuse, distracting the opponent's speech, and face saving acts of the speaker and also the hearer. Keywords: Pragmatic, implicature, Flouts exploiting maxims .Asal Kau Bahagia Novel by Bernard Batubara
EFFICIENCY OF THE REGENERATIVE CYCLE OF BRIGHTON WITH VARIABLE THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE WORKING FLUID (Part 2)
Authors: Khalatov A.A. , Severin S.D. , Stupak O.S. , Shihabutinova O.V.
Published: October 2019

The data about thermodynamic efficiency of the ideal Brighton cycle with heat regeneration with constant thermophysical properties of the working fluid, as well as the Brighton cycle with heat recovery and the wetting of the working fluid at the inlet to the turbine (with variable thermophysical properties of the working fluid). The inapplicability of comparison of the thermal efficiency of the Brighton cycle with heat recovery and the wetting of the working fluid at the inlet to the turbine with the thermal efficiency of the equivalent ideal Carnot cycle is shown.

The analysis of the thermodynamic efficiency of an ideal regenerative Brighton cycle with a decrease in the working body at the entrance to the turbine allows us to make the following conclusions:

With the growth of the mass moisture content of the working fluid when entering the turbine, the thermal efficiency of the regenerative cycle increases, but decreases with an increase in the degree of increase in the pressure level in the cycle.

High values ​​of the thermal efficiency of the cycle () can be achieved with relatively small values ​​of the degree of increase in the pressure in the cycle () and high (up to d = 0,5) values ​​of the mass moisture content of the working body when entering the turbine.

It is shown that under certain conditions the thermal efficiency of the regenerative cycle with the decrease of the working body when entering the turbine may be greater than the thermal efficiency of a similar ideal Carnot cycle, which does not contradict the second law of thermodynamics, since the condition for the implementation of the Carnot cycle is the immutability of the thermophysical properties of the working body in a loop In this regard, the use of the expression for the thermal efficiency of the ideal Carnot cycle is not used as a criterion for assessing the efficiency of cycles of power plants with highly variable thermophysical properties of the working fluid.

It is also shown that the thermal efficiency of the regenerative cycle with the decrease of the working body when entering the turbine is always lower than the thermal efficiency of the equivalent non-equilibrium Carnot cycle with a change in the specific heat of the working fluid, which corresponds to the second law of thermodynamics.

It is shown that the Brighton regenerative cycle with a decrease in the working body before the turbine can be represented as a conditional cycle with a higher maximum temperature of the cycle, which, depending on the mass content of the moisture content of the working body, can in 1,2 ... 2,5 times exceed the actual maximum temperature cycle, which determines the high values ​​of its thermal efficiency.
ABOUT SOME OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF USING HEAT PUMPS IN PROCESSES THAT INVOLVE THE MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCE
Authors: Kshevetsky O.S.
Published: October 2019

Implemented theoretical and experimental evaluation studies and analysis of some possible processes involving mobile substance and heat pumps, in which at least part of the mobile substance is brought into thermal contact with the heat-absorbing and heat-releasing heat exchange parts of at least two heat pumps, in particular, for the case of condensation of water vapor from moving air and/or evaporation of water into moving air. Some possibilities of improving the energy efficiency of these processes are considered. A brief description of these studies, as well as a description of some features and examples of possible applications of these processes are given.
ANALYSIS OF BARRIERS TO THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY FROM AGRIBIOMASS IN UKRAINE. PART 1
Authors: Geletukha G.G. , Zheliezna T.A. , Drahniev S.V. , Bashtovyi A.I.
Published: October 2019

The place of biomass of agrarian origin in the potential of biomass for energy in Ukraine is considered. The views of national and foreign experts on the possibility of partial removal of crop residues from the field are presented. The technological barriers to using agribiomass for energy are analyzed. The ways of overcoming these barriers are proposed.
WAKAF UANG UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN OPERASIONAL KEGIATAN MASJID
Authors: Huda Nurul , Hulmansyah Hulmansyah , Zulihar Zulihar
Published: October 2019

This low waqf fund was due to the lack of education about money waqf. The general public in Indonesia is more familiar with the term waqf with immovable property such as mosques or land and the allocation of waqf is mostly used for the purposes of worship, burial, and education. This training aims to better socialize money waqf to help develop operational activities of mosques. The method is used in the form of training and mentoring for mosque administrators. The results of the Pre and post-test training test have a significant effect on participants' knowledge regarding money waqf.
MEMPERSIAPKAN BISNIS ONLINE BAGI PRODUK SASIRANGAN DI KELURAHAN SUNGAI MESA KOTA BANJARMASIN
Authors: Basuki Basuki , Zamrudi Zakky , Hairul Hairul
Published: October 2019

Sasirangan cloth industry continue to grow through Banjarmasin and South Kalimantan in general. Supporting of the government and the other parties, sasirangan industry be one of locomotion economic the people who could not being taken from granted. Almost hundreds of home industries have good scale, micro and small thrives in South Kalimantan income of a whole reach millions until even billions of rupiah per month. Increasing competition in cloth industry they need to in open opportunities marketing via internet. Basically between business online and the internet marketing have in common meaning or similar signification, same has objective to earn a living through digital world. But for the internet marketing more oriented to techniques get money from the online business.