bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saúde Coletiva: Desafios e Perspectivas para um Mundo Mais Saudável
Authors: JACOBSEN ANDREZA DA SILVA , GAIEVSKI JUNIOR EDMUNDO RAFAEL , ROCHA JOÃO PEDRO FEITOSA , MELO CALLIANE ROCHA , SANTOS EVELYN LARISSA VIANA , SÁ MATEUS SAULO DANTAS CORREIA E , SILVA MAYRA SOCORRO DE OLIVEIRA , LIMA JAINE MAGALHÃES PAZ DE , BARROS WYLLY JEFFERSON GONÇALVES , OLIVEIRA LUIZA SOUSA , SOARES YAGO JOSÉ ALVES , SILVA AMANDA BARBOSA DA , ARARUNA JOSÉ FELLIPE LIMA , ALVES LUCAS TEIXEIRA , ROCHA NÉLIO FERREIRA DA , SOUSA LAIANE LEAL , SHIMOKAWA STEPHANY SAKURA ROCHA , KOHLER LUANA ELIZABETH , FONSECA BRUNA MELLO DA
Published: February 2025

A segunda edição de Saúde Coletiva: Desafios e Perspectivas para um Mundo Mais Saudável apresenta uma análise aprofundada e atualizada dos principais desafios e avanços no campo da saúde coletiva.
Com uma abordagem interdisciplinar, a obra reúne especialistas de diversas áreas para discutir temas emergentes, como a equidade no acesso à saúde, os impactos das mudanças climáticas na saúde pública, o uso da tecnologia na gestão sanitária e o papel das políticas públicas na promoção do bem-estar global.
Além de revisões e atualizações baseadas em novas evidências científicas, esta edição inclui capítulos inéditos que exploram o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19, estratégias de enfrentamento às desigualdades sociais em saúde e modelos inovadores de atenção primária.
O livro se mantém como uma referência essencial para estudantes, pesquisadores, profissionais da saúde e gestores, oferecendo reflexões críticas e soluções práticas para a construção de um mundo mais saudável e sustentável.
DIREITO À SAÚDE E DIREITO AO MEIO AMBIENTE SAUDÁVEL: A CONEXÃO COM A SAÚDE COLETIVA
Authors: JACOBSEN ANDREZA DA SILVA , GAIEVSKI JUNIOR EDMUNDO RAFAEL
Published: February 2025

O direito à saúde e o direito a um meio ambiente saudável são pilares fundamentais para a promoção do
bem-estar e da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. Ambos os direitos estão intimamente interligados,
refletindo a compreensão de que a saúde humana não pode ser dissociada da qualidade do ambiente em que
se vive. No contexto da saúde coletiva, esses direitos assumem um papel central, pois envolvem não apenas
a saúde individual, mas também a saúde das comunidades e populações de maneira mais ampla. O objetivo
central desta pesquisa é destacar a conexão entre saúde coletiva em relação ao direito à saúde e o direito ao
meio ambiente saudável. A metodologia aplicada conta com uma revisão de literatura com a consulta de
artigos de periódicos, ebooks, legislação brasileira, teses e informações de sites oficiais. Os resultados
demonstraram que o acesso a direitos como a saúde e direito ao meio ambiente saudável dependem da
atuação da saúde coletiva em prol desses direitos. As considerações finais apontaram que a saúde coletiva
tem um papel amplo, no que tange ao acesso aos direitos como saúde e meio ambiente saudável, pois é
através de políticas públicas inclusivas que as populações acessam esses direitos.
ANÁLISE DO COMPORTAMENTO DO COMBUSTÍVEL E DO DESEMPENHO DE REVESTIMENTOS EM CENÁRIOS DINÂMICOS DE SEGURANÇA PARA O REATOR BASEADO NO CAREM 25
Authors: Afonso Thadeu , Gonçalves Diego M. E. , Silva Marcelo Vilela da , MOREIRA LUCILE DANIEL , Resende Anderson Patrício , Palma Daniel , Stefani Giovanni Laranjo de
Published: February 2025

O Pequeno Reator Modular baseado no CAREM (Central Argentina de Elementos Modulares) representa uma
abordagem inovadora para a produção de energia nuclear. Desenvolvidos na Argentina, esses reatores s
The Effect of CWTSAW on the Toughness of Heavy-Gauge X70 — Part II: Correlating Microstructure with Charpy Toughness
Authors:   American Welding Society, REN TAILIN , WISKEL J. BARRY , IVEY DOUGLAS G. , LI LEIJUN , COLLINS LAURIE , LEHNHOFF GREG , GAUDET MICHAEL , WILLETT ERIC
Published: February 2025

The effect of martensite-austenite (MA) constituent morphology, prior austenite grain size, fracture length, and notch placement on the Charpy toughness and micro-hardness in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of heavy-gauge (19.1 mm thick) X70 microalloyed steel welded by cold-wire tandem submerged-arc welding (CWTSAW) was studied. In Part I, a series of single-pass CWTSAW samples were made using cold wire feed rates (effective heat input) of 0 mm/s (2.9 kJ/mm), 16.9 mm/s (2.6 kJ/mm), and 33.9 mm/s (2.3 kJ/mm). In Part II, the absorbed energy values at –10°C and –30°C ranged widely from 240 J (max) to 8 J (min) for effective heat inputs of 2.9 kJ/mm and 2.3 kJ/mm. The higher Charpy energies for the 2.9 kJ/mm and 2.3 kJ/mm samples tended to occur when the notch center was located in the fine-grained HAZ (FGHAZ), and much of the crack propagated through the FGHAZ. The lower Charpy energies for the same heat inputs occurred when the notch center was positioned in the coarse-grained HAZ (CGHAZ), which had a significant amount of coarse-stringer MA constituents. The 2.6 kJ/mm samples had consistently high absorbed energy results (> 190 J), whether the notch center was positioned in the coarse-grained HAZ or the FGHAZ. The number of coarse-stringer MA constituents in the CGHAZ of 2.6 kJ/mm sample was the lowest. A severity parameter (SP) was developed to correlate the severity of coarse-stringer MA and crack length in the CGHAZ/FGHAZ. The SP value increased as the number of coarse-stringer MA and fracture length in the CGHAZ increased, which correlated to reduced Charpy toughness.
Realization of Women Right to Access to Justice the Law and Practice: In Case of Oromia Region North Shewa Zone
Authors: Mulugeta Lemlem Dejenu
Published: February 2025

This study examines women's right to access justice in Ethiopia's North Shewa Zone, highlighting legal and practical barriers that perpetuate gender inequality. Through qualitative methods including interviews and case reviews, the research identifies cultural, structural, and economic challenges affecting women's ability to seek justice. The study also evaluates gaps in legal frameworks and judicial practices, proposing targeted solutions for improved legal awareness, gender equality, and institutional reforms.
Development of carbon capture and storage technologies in natural gas facilities for clean energy production
Authors: Waheed Adedeji Ashiru  , Oladipupo Opeyemi Solaja  , Bamidele Ajanaku  , Samod Adetunji Adebayo
Published: February 2025

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies represent a critical strategic intervention in addressing global climate change challenges while maintaining energy security in natural gas infrastructure. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted landscape of CCS technologies, examining technological innovations, economic frameworks, and environmental implications for clean energy production. By synthesizing current research and emerging approaches, the study provides a holistic assessment of CCS potential in mitigating carbon emissions from natural gas facilities.

The review critically analyzes existing capture technologies, including post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion methods, highlighting recent advances in material sciences and technological innovations. Economic considerations are examined through the lens of investment strategies, policy frameworks, and long-term viability. Environmental performance evaluation encompasses comprehensive emissions assessment, geological storage risks, and broader ecosystem implications.

Key findings underscore the complexity of CCS implementation, revealing both significant challenges and promising opportunities for transforming natural gas infrastructure. The study emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary approaches, robust policy support, and continued technological innovation to realize the full potential of carbon capture technologies in achieving sustainable energy transitions.
Microbial contamination in urban wastewater systems: Emerging health threats and mitigation strategies
Authors: Oluwafisayomi Christiana Folorunso
Published: February 2025

Microbial contamination in industrial wastewater poses significant threats to public health and the environment, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of microbial dynamics, detection, and control strategies. This review provides a detailed exploration of microbial contaminants in industrial wastewater, including bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Vibrio cholerae), viruses (Hepatitis A, Norovirus), protozoa (Cryptosporidium, Giardia), and fungi, highlighting their sources, proliferation factors, and associated health risks. Emerging health threats, such as waterborne disease outbreaks, the rise of antibiotic-resistant microbes, and their disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations, are critically examined. Advanced detection and monitoring techniques, including culture-based methods, molecular tools like qPCR, biosensors, and metagenomic analyses, are discussed for their role in improving pathogen surveillance. Factors influencing microbial proliferation, such as temperature, pH, chemical composition, and seasonal variations, are explored to underscore the complexity of microbial dynamics in wastewater systems. Mitigation strategies, including primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment technologies, advanced oxidation processes, and disinfection methods such as chlorination, UV radiation, and ozone treatment, are evaluated for their effectiveness. The role of policy frameworks and international guidelines in promoting safe wastewater management is highlighted. The review also emphasizes the growing importance of nature-based solutions, such as constructed wetlands and green infrastructure, in achieving sustainable wastewater treatment. Future directions are outlined, including the integration of innovative microbial control technologies, real-time monitoring through AI and IoT, and policy innovations to foster international collaboration. This work concludes that addressing microbial contamination requires a multi-faceted approach involving technological advancements, policy development, and public education. Recommendations are made to prioritize real-time monitoring, capacity building, and the adoption of nature-based and advanced treatment technologies. By fostering collaborative efforts across research, regulatory, and industrial sectors, more sustainable and effective wastewater management systems can be developed to safeguard public health and environmental sustainability.
Development of Herbal moisturizing Body Lotion
Authors: Kalyani Uttam Binnar  , Bhavana Dnyandeo Tambe
Published: February 2025

Herbaceous plant used for its flavor, aroma, or medicinal qualities. One category of dietary supplements is herbal remedies. Herbal medicine is used by people in an effort to preserve or enhance their health. Herbal cosmetics are those that were created when consumers' desire for herbal products and their aromatic value in cosmetics preparation led to a demand for natural products and extracts. It is used as a moisturizer, antioxidant, skin-brightening, melanin-lowering, and hyperpigmentation remedy to keep skin from drying out in the winter. Thorough testing was done on the lotion's chemical and physical stability, including its pH, viscosity, and microbial load Underwent extensive testing. Morusabla leaves are used medicinally; its laxative and antioxidant properties have been investigated scientifically.
Temperature distribution in a panel-radiant heating system
Authors: Jurabek Kamolov  , Kamoliddin Samiev
Published: February 2025

In this study, a computer model was developed in Comsol Multiphysics to determine and evaluate the temperature distribution in a panel-radiant heating system with a heated floor. A panel-radiant heating system consisting of a concrete layer with dimensions of 4 × 3.3 × 0.1 m³ was selected, and copper pipes with an inner diameter of 2 cm and total lengths of 64.84 m and 64.24 m were installed within this volume. Water was used as the heat carrier. The calculations revealed that in the second configuration, the temperature distribution on the surface of the panel-radiant heated floor system is relatively uniform and does not exceed the required value.
Strategies to address food insecurity and improve global nutrition among at-risk populations
Authors: Alaba Samson Kunlere
Published: February 2025

Food insecurity and malnutrition remain pressing global challenges, disproportionately affecting at-risk populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). These challenges, exacerbated by climate change, economic instability, and global conflicts, pose significant threats to public health, economic productivity, and social stability. Addressing food insecurity requires a multi-faceted approach that integrates short-term relief measures with long-term sustainable strategies. This paper explores comprehensive strategies aimed at mitigating food insecurity and improving global nutrition among vulnerable populations. Key approaches include enhancing agricultural productivity through climate-resilient farming techniques, improving food distribution systems, and leveraging technology for real-time monitoring and resource allocation. Additionally, the integration of social protection programs, such as food assistance and school feeding initiatives, is highlighted as a critical intervention to support at-risk populations. The role of international collaborations and policy frameworks, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in driving global food security initiatives is also discussed. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes the importance of addressing micronutrient deficiencies through fortification programs and promoting dietary diversity. Community-based interventions that empower local populations to adopt sustainable food practices are explored as a means to ensure long-term impact. Ethical considerations, such as equitable access and cultural sensitivity, are integrated into the discussion to ensure inclusive and effective outcomes. The findings underscore the need for coordinated efforts among governments, non-governmental organizations, and private sector stakeholders to implement scalable and sustainable solutions. By addressing systemic barriers and leveraging innovative technologies, the global community can make significant strides toward reducing food insecurity and improving nutrition for the world’s most vulnerable populations.
CRYPTO MARKET EXPERIENCE: Navigating Regulatory Challenges in Modern Conditions
Authors: Volkova Yuliia , Bon Bohdan , Borysenko Anton , Leheza Yuliia , Leheza Yevhen
Published: February 2025

The legal regulation of digital finance is at an initial stage. It has been proven that many countries are favorable to the full or partial recognition of cryptocurrency as a means of payment, among them: Spain - the official payment system; Germany - monetary unit and form of private money; USA - currency, form of money, Sweden - contractual means of payment; the object of money transfers in certain states, Canada - a means of calculation, etc. It has been established that in Ukraine, the conservative nature of legal regulation of financial relations is considered in the context of implementing digital financial technologies given the task of protecting both public interests and the interests of individuals. Conclusions have been made, first, the issue of legal evaluation of cryptocurrencies is still not finally resolved and their legal nature also remains debatable; second, cryptocurrencies being alternative settlement units pose a threat to the dominance of public currencies, as they enable competition between private financial agents and states; third, according to its essence, electronic money is a kind of electronic promissory note.
Educational Innovation Of Salaf Pesantren In The Review Of Social Philosophy In Changing Social Life
Authors: Nurmahmudah
Published: February 2025

Salaf pesantren play a significant role in Indonesia's Islamic education, promoting scientific progress and character development. To adapt to the changing needs of society, these pesantren have undertaken renewal efforts. This paper examines the educational innovations of Hidayatut Thullab pesantren from a social philosophy perspective, exploring how they influence social interactions within the pesantren community and society as a whole. The study uses a combination of literature and field research, employing domain analysis, component analysis, taxonomy analysis, and cultural theme analysis to understand the social dynamics involved. The findings reveal that this semi-modern salaf pesantren effectively builds a strong social culture through a well-structured curriculum, comprehensive Islamic teachings, and a community life rooted in salaf traditions. This creates a close-knit community with a strong Islamic identity, rich cultural values, and deep respect for the Kiai. However, the innovations are mainly limited to digitalizing da'wah communication through online mass media. While this has positively impacted religious outreach, its influence remains within a limited network, lacking wider national reach. This is partly due to the digital content not being unique enough to achieve viral popularity. Additionally, the pesantren's relationship with the surrounding community is not fully optimized. It remains confined to a traditional salaf system, limiting broader social engagement. As a result, its social influence is more restricted compared to modern pesantren. Unlike modern pesantren, this salaf pesantren faces challenges such as limited collaboration with the government and NGOs. This results in fewer integrated activities, inadequate facilities, and insufficient teacher support. Consequently, its development is more constrained compared to modern pesantren. To maximize its impact, the pesantren needs to adopt more innovative approaches, strengthen community relations, and expand collaborations to enhance educational quality and social influence.
COLLABORATIVE CONSTITUTION – AILEEN KAVANAGH
Authors: Alberto Molinaro Carlos
Published: February 2025

Resenha do livro "The Collaborative Constitution" de Aileen Kavanagh.
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA WANPRESTASI PADA PERJANJIAN SEWA MENYEWA PESAWAT ANTARA HELICE LEASING S. A. S DAN ATTERISSAGE S. A. S DENGAN PT. GARUDA INDONESA TBK SECARA ARBITRASE INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Imas Rosidawati Wiradirja  , Amanda  , Eddy Setiawan  , Muhammad Fauzan  , Sugiarto  , Nugraha Pranadita
Published: February 2025

International trade disputes have been successfully settled by the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA), a component of the international arbitration system. The decision of a breach of contract dispute involving an aircraft leasing agreement between Helice Leasing S.A.S (Helice) and Atterissage S.A.S (Atterissage) with PT. Garuda Indonesia Tbk (GI), decided by the LCIA, reflects this. After concluding that GI had violated the agreement, the LCIA ordered it to pay Helice and Atterissage the past-due rent as well as the remaining rent. Analysing the international arbitration procedure for resolving disputes and the award's enforcement is the goal of this research. Using a normative legal methodology, the study analyses case studies and legislation. The results show that arbitration uses a multi-step procedure to resolve disputes, including hearings, mediation or conciliation, the selection of an arbitration panel, the presentation of the parties' arguments and supporting documentation, and the arbitrator's ruling. The LCIA effectively resolved the disagreement, demonstrating the efficacy and efficiency of this approach. The enforcement of the award is permitted in Indonesia under Article 65 and Article 66 of Law No. 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution (AAPS Law), provided that the Central Jakarta District Court has recognised the arbitration award and it does not contravene public order.
 
Keyword : Dispute Resolution; Agreement; Breach of Contract
Test system customization for genotyping the BMP-2 gene 4:28632407 A/G polymorphism in aquacultured rainbow trout
Authors: Nikolaeva O. , Azovtseva A. , Ryabova A.
Published: February 2025

The application of genomic selection in rainbow trout breeding is becoming more feasible with the advent of recent advances in molecular genetics. However, there are significant challenges in the field of aquaculture, as genomic and marker-assisted selection programmes for aquaculture are considerably behind those for terrestrial farm animals. Currently, there is an actual task to develop test systems for genotyping rainbow trout and for efficient enrichment of target populations with favourable polymorphisms. The objective of this study is to develop a test system based on the promising BMP-2 gene and to establish genomic associations between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the size-weight characteristics of fish.

Materials and methods. The material for the study was comprised of Rofor rainbow trout specimens (n=200), which were evaluated for the following size-weight parameters: fish weight, body length to the end of the caudal fin, length to the end of the scales, head length, height, and body thickness.

Results. The results of the study revealed that the overwhelming majority of fish (98 %) exhibited a heterozygous genotype (AG) while homozygous genotype AA was entirely absent from the sample. The analysis did not identify any notable correlations between size-weight parameters but a potential explanation for this could be the absence of the AA genotype within the population. Nevertheless, the test system was successfully developed and validated. The study of the influence of this polymorphism contributed to the knowledge of rainbow trout genetics. Further application of the developed test system in rainbow trout breeding programs is possible after conducting additional studies to identify economically useful genetic associations in larger samples of individuals.
Analysis of the breeding and productive qualities of the Black-and White breed of cattle in the Russian Federation
Authors: Petrova A. , Tulinova O.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the study is to monitor and analyze the breeding and productive qualities of Black-and-White cattle in the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was digital data on the number, economically useful traits, breeding qualities of cattle and cows of Black-and-White, Holstein and other dairy breeds bred in the Russian Federation. The main method is monitoring and analysis of data in a comparative aspect with Holstein and other breeds of the Russian Federation.

Results. Analysis of the relative number of livestock by breed showed that among the 25 breeds assessed, the Black-and-White breed in this aspect takes second place (17,62%), and 4th in milk productivity. Animals of the 1st and 2nd lactation of this breed make up 62,4 % (n=161302), which indicates that this population is quite young. The average age of cows is 2,5 calvings, and the number of heifers transferred to the main herd is 32,8 % (n=84783). The milk flow rate, with the desired indicator (from 2,0 kg/min. and above) was detected in 56,8% (n=51652). An analysis of 526 farms for insemination of 258,543 cows and 114,745 heifers showed that only 88,8 % of them were inseminated (n=331,685), including 97,7 % artificially. 43,6 % of cows and 46,6 % of heifers were inseminated with improvement bulls. The average live weight of cattle at the first insemination was 386 kg. The average days open of the assessed livestock was 132 days. Extended days open (121 days or more) were detected only in 37,2 % of animals (n=82,536), which indicates good reproductive qualities of Black-and-White cows. The average dry period is 61 days, that is, it has an optimal value, but in 13 % of animals an extended dry period of more than 71 days was detected. The yield of live calves per 100 cows was 76 %. In total, during the reporting period, 4,686 heads of breeding cattle of the Black-and-White breed were sold, of which 4,616 heifers and 50 bulls were young animals.

Conclusion. The monitoring of the state of the breeding and productive qualities of Black and-White cattle in the Russian Federation showed that this population of dairy cattle is not only the second largest among all breeding dairy breeds, but also makes up almost half of the dairy cattle of the remaining 24 breeds, with the exception of Holstein. In terms of milk yield, Black and-White cows exceed the average for 23 breeds, except Holstein, by 300-500 kg of milk, but are inferior in quality indicators.
Farrowing synchronization features of sows of PIC Russia genetics
Authors: Vladimirov C.
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Define physiological gestation length of hybrid sows large white x landrace PIC Russia’s genetic and find optimal model for farrowing synchronization.

Materials and methods. Studying was carrying out at platfrom of MPC "Romcor" Ltd. located at v. Nizhnyaya Sanarka, Troitskiy rayon, Chelyabinskaya oblast'. There are drugs for farrowing induction didn’t used at formed control group of 780 sows, thus farrowing was natural. Experiment on farrowing synchronization by cloprostenol – synthetic analog of prostaglandin F2α administered at dosage 175 mcg per sow was designed at thee phases. At first phase (506 sows) cloprostenol was administered for primigravida sows at 117 day of gestation, since second reproductive cycle at 116 day. At second phase (857 sows) for primigravida at 117 day, for second at 114 day of gestation  and over third cycle at 113 day. At third phase (803 sows)  primigravida sows at 117 day, for second cycle at 116 day and for over third at 115 day of gestation. Piglets’ mortality was calculated at each group.

Results. At control group gestation length was more than 115,7 days and piglets’ mortality was 18,9 %, there were oblique signs of overdue pregnancy at this group. At first phase of experiment gestation was 115,4 days and piglets’ mortality was 16,8 %. At second phase of experiment gestation was 114,8 days and piglets’ mortality was 20,5 %. At third phase of experiment gestation was 115,4 days and piglets’ mortality was 17,6 %. There are piglets’ mortality is depending from amount of born alive and also from gestation length uring the experiment have been confirmed. Usage of cloprostenol for farrowing synchronization is safe since 115 day of gestation.
Step Into a World
Authors: Armstrong Ryan M.
Published: February 2025

"Campus was bleak this early January morning. It was twenty degrees Fahrenheit. Many spaces were beginning to allow masked, double-vaccinated groups to gather indoors, but spring semester had not started. Aside from a few staff and stray researchers, the only people on campus at Princeton Theological Seminary were there for me..."
Adenosine as an Adjunctive Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Feng Xue-Mei , Zhang Wen-Hui , Liu Jia
Published: February 2025

Background: Adenosine administration can improve coronary blood flow in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); however, the therapeutic effects of adenosine on ST resolution and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) after PCI remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effects of adjunctive adenosine administration on patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing PCI using a meta-analytic approach. Methods: We conducted a systematic search across PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from inception through to March 2024. Primary outcomes included ST resolution and MACEs. The pooled analyses were all conducted using the random-effects model. Additionally, exploratory analyses were carried out through the application of sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Results: Twenty-one RCTs involving 2467 patients with AMI were selected for the meta-analysis. Adenosine significantly increased the incidence of ST resolution (relative risk [RR]: 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–1.46; p < 0.001), while it significantly reduced the risk of MACEs (RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.51–0.87; p = 0.003). Moreover, the use of adenosine was associated with reduced incidences of no reflow (RR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.24–0.52; p < 0.001) and myocardial blush grade (MBG) 0 to 1 (RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.58–0.99; p = 0.041). Furthermore, adenosine significantly reduced the risk of heart failure (RR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.44–0.99; p = 0.044). Finally, adenosine use was associated with a lower creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) peak value (weighted mean difference: –36.94; 95% CI: –73.76– –0.11; p = 0.049). Conclusions: This study revealed that adenosine use was associated with an increased incidence of ST resolution, and reduced risk of MACEs. The INPLASY registration: INPLASY202510051, https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2025-1-0051/.
The Influence of Interatrial Conduction Disorders on Atrial Mechanical Function — Atrial Strain and Pulmonary Veins Reversal Flow in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Zawadzki Jacek , Gajek Jacek , Zawadzki Grzegorz , Sławuta Agnieszka , Kudliński Bartosz
Published: February 2025

Background: The physiological activation of the left atrium (LA) happens through the Bachmann bundle, which is crucial for the heart's proper functioning. Bayes de Luna first described interatrial blocks (IABs) in 1979, noting their disruption of atrioventricular (AV) synchrony. This study aims to evaluate LA mechanics by analyzing LA strain in cases of normal and impaired interatrial conduction, focusing on retrograde flow in the pulmonary veins (PV). Methods: The study included 51 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and exhibited related symptoms. Six patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) were excluded from the study (45 patients qualified in total: 23 males, 22 females; mean age 69.0 ± 12.9 years). Results: IABs were more frequently observed in COVID-19 patients. Thus, they were included despite SARS-CoV-2 being a potential limitation of the study. All participants underwent clinical evaluation, electrocardiography (ECG) (200 mm/s ×256), and echocardiography to assess left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), mitral regurgitation (MR), LA volume, global and regional strain, and retrograde flow in the PV. A statistical dependency was found between LA global strain and P-wave morphology, MR, heart failure (HF), and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). However, no clear correlation was found between retrograde flow in the PV and LA strain. The mean P-wave duration correlated with its morphology. Additionally, correlations were observed between P-wave morphology and hypertension, being overweight, and PAF. Conclusions: LA mechanics are negatively influenced by IABs. LA global strain correlates with P-wave duration, ejection fraction (EF), and MR independently. Regional LA strain examination is potentially effective for assessing LA mechanics and complements precise ECG.
Physiological Mechanisms Driving Microcirculatory Enhancement: the Impact of Physical Activity
Authors: Li Jianyu , Liu Guochun , Zhang Dong , Zhang Keying , Cao Chunmei
Published: February 2025

Background: Physical activity induces many beneficial adaptive changes to blood vessel microcirculation, ultimately improving both health and exercise performance. This positions it an effective non-pharmacological therapeutic approach for the rehabilitation of patients with various chronic diseases. Understanding the impact of different types of physical activities on microcirculation and elucidating their physiological mechanisms is crucial for optimizing clinical practice. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed across multiple databases including PubMed, EBSCO, ProQuest, and Web of Science. Following a rigorous screening process, 48 studies were selected for inclusion into the study. Results: Existing studies demonstrate that various forms of physical activity facilitate multiple positive adaptive changes at the microcirculation level. These include enhanced microvascular dilation—driven by endothelial cell factors and mechanical stress on blood vessels—as well as increased capillary density. The physiological mechanisms behind these improvements involve the neurohumoral regulation of endothelial cell factors and hormones, which are crucial for these positive effects. Physical activity also ameliorates inflammation markers and oxidative stress levels, upregulates the expression of silent information regulator 2 homolog 3, genes for hypoxia-inducible factors under hypoxic conditions, and induces favorable changes in multiple hemodynamic and hemorheological parameters. These structural and functional adaptations optimize myocardial blood flow regulation during exercise and improve both oxygen transport and utilization capacity, which are beneficial for the rehabilitation of chronic disease patients. Conclusions: Our provides a reference for using physical activity as a non-pharmacological intervention for patients with chronic conditions. This framework includes recommendations on exercise types, intensity, frequency, and duration. Additionally, we summarize the physiological mechanisms through which physical activity improves microcirculation, which can inform clinical decision-making.
Analysis of the Sex-Specific Risk Factors for Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Yuan Jinhuan , Wang Chengwen , Zhao Chong , Liu Hua , Zhang Yiwen , Liu Meitong , Fu Tianxiang , Wu Shouling
Published: February 2025

Background: To explore the sex-specific risk factors of associated with arterial stiffness. Methods: A total of 28,291 participants from the Kailuan study cohort were enrolled in this study. A multivariate linear regression analysis and a multivariate logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of arteriosclerosis (indexed using the brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity, baPWV) between different sexes. Results: The incidence of arteriosclerosis (baPWV greater than or equal to 1400 cm/s) was 54.70%. The incidence of arteriosclerosis in males (62.13%) was higher than in females (37.41%) (p < 0.01). According to age stratification (5 years difference for each group), the baPWV values of males in all age groups <70 years were higher than in females (p < 0.01). The increase in baPWV values was higher in females over 45 years than in males and correlated with males in the 70–75 age group. The multivariate linear regression model showed that for every 5-year increase in age, the baPWV increased by 62.55 cm/s in males and 71.86 cm/s in females. Furthermore, for every 10 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP), the baPWV increased by 61.01 cm/s in males and 51.86 cm/s in females. Regular physical exercise reduced the baPWV in males, but there was no statistical correlation in females. The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) increased the baPWV in females yet was not statistically significant in males. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors (age, WHR, SBP, heart rate, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), diabetes, higher education, higher income, smoking, drinking, and physical exercise), males were 1.89 times more likely than females to develop arteriosclerosis (p < 0.05). A stratified analysis of males and females showed that the risk of arteriosclerosis was higher in females than in males in the 45–60 and over 60 age groups compared with those in the under 44 age group (p < 0.01). Diabetes, LDL-C, and hs-CRP were more likely to be correlated with arteriosclerosis in females than in males (odds ratio (OR): 2.32, 1.26, 1.08 vs. 1.83, 1.17, 1.02, respectively, p < 0.05). Higher education levels reduced the risk of arteriosclerosis in males and females, with OR values of 0.64 and 0.84, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The arteriosclerosis detection rate in males was higher than in females. Conversely, the increase in baPWV in females older than 45 years was higher than in males. Meanwhile, WHR, diabetes, LDL-C, and hs-CRP were more likely to be correlated with arteriosclerosis in females. Clinical Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trail Registry, URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=8050. Unique identifier: ChiCTR-TNRC-11001489 .
Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Indices in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Li Ruiyao , Wang Yao , Xu Jing , Yu Jiahao , Li Bin
Published: February 2025

Background: Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) face a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aims to explore the impact of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on cardiovascular indices in this population. Although the benefits of n-3 PUFAs on cardiovascular health and glycemic outcomes are highly regarded, previous research reports have shown inconsistent results. Therefore, a comprehensive meta-analysis is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the specific effects of n-3 PUFAs on patients with T2DM. To examine the effect of n-3 PUFAs on cardiovascular indices in T2DM using a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: Online databases including PUBMED, EMBASE and Cochrane libraries were searched up to December 2023. We assessed the overall weighted mean difference in cardiovascular indices between the group supplemented with n-3 PUFAs and the control group. The differences were compared uniformly using pre- and post-treatment differences. Results: Supplementation with n-3PUFAs in patients diagnosed solely with T2DM significantly reduced low density lipoprotein (LDL) (weighted mean difference (WMD) = –3.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) = –6.52 to –1.32, p = 0.003 < 0.05), triglycerides (WMD = –23.94, 95% CI = –34.95 to –12.93, p = 0.000 < 0.05), cholesterol (WMD = –8.39, 95% CI = –12.06 to –4.72, p = 0.000 < 0.05), glycated hemoglobin (WMD = –0.25, 95% CI = –0.41 to –0.06, p = 0.003 < 0.05) and the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index (WMD = –0.55, 95% CI = –0.81 to –0.29, p = 0.000 < 0.05). All other differences in lipid indices, glycemic indices, inflammatory parameters and blood pressure were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Supplementation with n-3 PUFAs decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration in patients with T2DM and coronary heart disease (CHD) (WMD = –3.92, 95% CI = –6.36 to –1.48, p = 0.002 < 0.05). There were no significant differences in LDL, triglycerides, cholesterol, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with T2DM and CHD (p > 0.05). Conclusions: N-3 PUFAs improved lipid levels and long-term blood glucose levels in patients diagnosed solely with T2DM, but did not significantly improve blood pressure inflammatory markers. N-3 PUFAs showed no significant improvement in blood lipid and inflammatory indexes in patients with T2DM and CHD. The PROSPERO registration: CRD42024522262, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024522262.
Remnant Cholesterol and Residual Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Li Xi , Li Zhi-Fan , Wu Na-Qiong
Published: February 2025

Remnant cholesterol (RC) is increasingly recognized as a key target in the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), addressing much of the residual risk that persists despite standard therapies. However, integrating RC into clinical practice remains challenging. Key issues, such as the development of accessible RC measurement methods, the identification of safe and effective medications, the determination of optimal target levels, and the creation of RC-based risk stratification strategies, require further investigation. This article explores the complex role of RC in ASCVD development, including its definition, metabolic pathways, and its association with both the overall risk and residual risk of ASCVD in primary and secondary prevention. It also examines the effect of current lipid-lowering therapies on RC levels and their influence on cardiovascular outcomes. Recent research has highlighted promising advancements in therapies aimed at lowering RC, which show potential for reducing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Inhibitors such as angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3), apolipoprotein C-III (apoCIII), and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) have demonstrated their ability to modulate RC and reduce MACEs by targeting specific proteins involved in RC synthesis and metabolism. There is a pressing need for larger randomized controlled trials to clarify the role of RC in relevant patient populations. The development of targeted RC-lowering therapies holds the promise of significantly reducing the high rates of morbidity and mortality associated with ASCVD.
Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Cardiac Anesthesia: Perioperative Assessment and Underlying Mechanisms
Authors: Hori Kotaro , Watanabe Ryota , Tsujikawa Shogo , Hino Hideki , Matsuura Tadashi , Mori Takashi
Published: February 2025

The importance of right ventricular (RV) function has often been overlooked until recently; however, RV function is now recognized as a significant prognostic predictor in medically managing cardiovascular diseases and cardiac anesthesia. During cardiac surgery, the RV is often exposed to stressful conditions that could promote perioperative RV dysfunction, such as insufficient cardioplegia, volume overload, pressure overload, or pericardiotomy. Recent studies have shown that RV dysfunction during cardiac anesthesia could cause difficulty in weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass or even poor postoperative outcomes. Severe perioperative RV failure may be rare, with an incidence rate ranging from 0.1% to 3% in the surgical population; however, in patients who are hemodynamically unstable after cardiac surgery, almost half reportedly present with RV dysfunction. Notably, details of RV function, particularly during cardiac anesthesia, remain largely unclear since long-standing research has focused predominantly on the left ventricle (LV). Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of the current perspective on the perioperative assessment of RV dysfunction and its underlying mechanisms in adult cardiac surgery. This review provides an overview of the basic RV anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology, facilitating an understanding of perioperative RV dysfunction; the most challenging aspect of studying perioperative RV is assessing its function accurately using the limited modalities available in cardiac surgery. We then summarize the currently available methods for evaluating perioperative RV function, focusing on echocardiography, which presently represents the most practical tool in perioperative management. Finally, we explain several perioperative factors affecting RV function and discuss the possible mechanisms underlying RV failure in cardiac surgery.
Getting to the Heart of the Matter: Exploring the Intersection of Cardiovascular Disease, Sex and Race and How Exercise, and Gut Microbiota Influence these Relationships
Authors: Guers John J. , Heffernan Kevin S. , Campbell Sara C.
Published: February 2025

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, with physical inactivity being a known contributor to the global rates of CVD incidence. CVD incidence, however, is not uniform with recognized sex differences as well and racial and ethnic differences. Furthermore, gut microbiota have been associated with CVD, sex, and race/ethnicity. Researchers have begun to examine the interplay of these complicated yet interrelated topics. This review will present evidence that CVD (risk and development), and gut microbiota are distinct between the sexes and racial/ethnic groups, which appear to be influenced by acculturation, discrimination, stress, and lifestyle factors like exercise. Furthermore, this review will address the beneficial impacts of exercise on the cardiovascular system and will provide recommendations for future research in the field.
Cardiac Sarcoidosis: Clinical Insights, Diagnosis, and Management Strategies
Authors: Farina Nicola , De Luca Giacomo , Peretto Giovanni , Bartoli Alex , Esposito Antonio , Matucci-Cerinic Marco , Dagna Lorenzo , Campochiaro Corrado
Published: February 2025

Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is a multifaceted inflammatory disease that affects the heart, leading to complications such as arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. Endomyocardial biopsy is the diagnostic gold standard, but its low sensitivity and risks limit its utility. Imaging modalities, such as cardiac magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography, are critical for diagnosing and managing CS. Additionally, CS treatment primarily involves corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents to reduce inflammation and control disease progression, although biologics such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors are considered in refractory or steroid-dependent cases. This narrative review revises the existing knowledge on the diagnosis and treatment of CS, providing a comprehensive overview of current strategies.
What drives pro-social behaviors in hard times? – Evidence from dictator experiments framed as donation tasks
Authors: Gruener Sven , Mußhoff Oliver
Published: February 2025

To better understand pro-social behavior, this paper analyzes peoples’ reflection on the consequences of various societal challenges (biodiversity loss, migration, and costs of living) and social norms as potential determinants. For this purpose, we employ simple dictator experiments framed as donation tasks in Germany. Our results indicate that reminding experimental subjects of the challenges of biodiversity, migration, and cost of living has, at best, a moderate effect on donation behavior. In contrast, we find injunctive norms (i.e. approval of behavior) important to explain donation behaviors.
You’ve Got AI Friend in Me: LLMs as Collaborative Learning Partners
Authors: Cash Trent N. , Oppenheimer Daniel M. , Connell Pensky Allison E.
Published: February 2025

Collaborative learning - an educational paradigm in which students work together to master content and complete projects - has long been a staple of classroom pedagogy. However, the rapid development of Large Language Model chatbots (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude, has created the potential for a new frontier in collaborative learning in which students collaborate not with other students, but with LLMs. In this classroom-based study, we tested a novel intervention in which college students taking an introductory level social science elective (n = 154) were asked multiple times throughout a semester to write argumentative essays, have them critiqued by LLMs, and improve their essays by incorporating the LLMs’ critiques into their arguments or countering the LLMs’ arguments. We found that students enjoyed working with LLMs and that collaborating with LLMs improved students’ argumentative writing skills over the course of the semester - even when essay quality was assessed before students elicited the LLMs’ critiques. Students also improved their prompt engineering skills and increased their self-efficacy for working with LLMs. These findings suggest that collaborative learning with LLMs may be a highly scalable, low-cost intervention for improving students’ argumentative writing skills at the college level. Implications and limitations of the intervention are discussed.