bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blue-Print Autophagy: Potential for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Ruocco Nadia , Costantini Susan , Costantini Maria
Published: July 2016

The marine environment represents a very rich source of biologically active compounds with pharmacological applications. This is due to its chemical richness, which is claiming considerable attention from the health science communities. In this review we give a general overview on the marine natural products involved in stimulation and inhibition of autophagy (a type of programmed cell death) linked to pharmacological and pathological conditions. Autophagy represents a complex multistep cellular process, wherein a double membrane vesicle (the autophagosome) captures organelles and proteins and delivers them to the lysosome. This natural and destructive mechanism allows the cells to degrade and recycle its cellular components, such as amino acids, monosaccharides, and lipids. Autophagy is an important mechanism used by cells to clear pathogenic organism and deal with stresses. Therefore, it has also been implicated in several diseases, predominantly in cancer. In fact, pharmacological stimulation or inhibition of autophagy have been proposed as approaches to develop new therapeutic treatments of cancers. In conclusion, this blue-print autophagy (so defined because it is induced and/or inhibited by marine natural products) represents a new strategy for the future of biomedicine and of biotechnology in cancer treatment.
Quantification of Vortex Generation Due to Non-Equilibrium Electrokinetics at the Micro/Nanochannel Interface: Particle Tracking Velocimetry
Authors: Lee Seung , Kwon Kilsung , Jeon Tae-Joon , Kim Sun , Kim Daejoong
Published: July 2016

We describe a quantitative study of vortex generation due to non-equilibrium electrokinetics near a micro/nanochannel interface. The microfluidic device is comprised of a microchannel with a set of nanochannels. These perm-selective nanochannels induce flow instability and thereby produce strong vortex generation. We performed tracking visualization of fluorescent microparticles to obtain velocity fields. Particle tracking enables the calculation of an averaged velocity field and the velocity fluctuations. We characterized the effect of applied voltages and electrolyte concentrations on vortex formation. The experimental results show that an increasing voltage or decreasing concentration results in a larger vortex region and a strong velocity fluctuation. We calculate the normalized velocity fluctuation—whose meaning is comparable to turbulent intensity—and we found that it is as high as 0.12. This value is indicative of very efficient mixing, albeit with a small Reynolds number.
Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering In Dentistry
Authors: Chieruzzi Manila , Pagano Stefano , Moretti Silvia , Pinna Roberto , Milia Egle , Torre Luigi , Eramo Stefano
Published: July 2016

The tissue engineering (TE) of dental oral tissue is facing significant changes in clinical treatments in dentistry. TE is based on a stem cell, signaling molecule, and scaffold triad that must be known and calibrated with attention to specific sectors in dentistry. This review article shows a summary of micro- and nanomorphological characteristics of dental tissues, of stem cells available in the oral region, of signaling molecules usable in TE, and of scaffolds available to guide partial or total reconstruction of hard, soft, periodontal, and bone tissues. Some scaffoldless techniques used in TE are also presented. Then actual and future roles of nanotechnologies about TE in dentistry are presented.
Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) as a Food Supplement: Health-Promoting Benefits of Fructooligosaccharides
Authors: Caetano Brunno , De Moura Nelci , Almeida Ana , Dias Marcos , Sivieri Kátia , Barbisan Luís
Published: July 2016

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius), a perennial plant of the family Asteraceae native to the Andean regions of South America, is an abundant source of fructooligosaccharides (FOS). This comprehensive review of the literature addressed the role of yacon supplementation in promoting health and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. According to several preclinical and clinical trials, FOS intake favors the growth of health-promoting bacteria while reducing pathogenic bacteria populations. Moreover, the endproducts of FOS fermentation by the intestinal microbiota, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), act as substrates or signaling molecules in the regulation of the immune response, glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. As a result, glycemic levels, body weight and colon cancer risk can be reduced. Based on these findings, most studies reviewed concluded that due to their functional properties, yacon roots may be effectively used as a dietary supplement to prevent and treat chronic diseases.
Walnut Phenolic Extract and Its Bioactive Compounds Suppress Colon Cancer Cell Growth by Regulating Colon Cancer Stemness
Authors: Lee Jisoo , Kim Yoo-Sun , Lee JaeHwan , Heo Seung , Lee Kook , Choi Sang-Woon , Kim Yuri
Published: July 2016

Walnut has been known for its health benefits, including anti-cardiovascular disease and anti-oxidative properties. However, there is limited evidence elucidating its effects on cancer stem cells (CSCs) which represent a small subset of cancer cells that provide resistance against chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-CSCs potential of walnut phenolic extract (WPE) and its bioactive compounds, including (+)-catechin, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, and gallic acid. In the present study, CD133+CD44+ cells were isolated from HCT116 cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and then treated with WPE. As a result, survival of the CD133+CD44+ HCT116 cells was inhibited and cell differentiation was induced by WPE. In addition, WPE down-regulated the CSC markers, CD133, CD44, DLK1, and Notch1, as well as the β-catenin/p-GSK3β signaling pathway. WPE suppressed the self-renewal capacity of CSCs. Furthermore, the WPE exhibited stronger anti-CSC effects than its individual bioactive compounds. Finally, the WPE inhibited specific CSC markers in primary colon cancer cells isolated from primary colon tumor. These results suggest that WPE can suppress colon cancer by regulating the characteristics of colon CSCs.
Hydrological Utility and Uncertainty of Multi-Satellite Precipitation Products in the Mountainous Region of South Korea
Authors: Kim Jong , Jung Il , Park Kyung , Yoon Sun , Lee Donghee
Published: July 2016

Satellite-derived precipitation can be a potential source of forcing data for assessing water availability and managing water supply in mountainous regions of East Asia. This study investigates the hydrological utility of satellite-derived precipitation and uncertainties attributed to error propagation of satellite products in hydrological modeling. To this end, four satellite precipitation products (tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) multi-satellite precipitation analysis (TMPA) version 6 (TMPAv6) and version 7 (TMPAv7), the global satellite mapping of precipitation (GSMaP), and the climate prediction center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH)) were integrated into a physically-based hydrologic model for the mountainous region of South Korea. The satellite precipitation products displayed different levels of accuracy when compared to the intra- and inter-annual variations of ground-gauged precipitation. As compared to the GSMaP and CMORPH products, superior performances were seen when the TMPA products were used within streamflow simulations. Significant dry (negative) biases in the GSMaP and CMORPH products led to large underestimates of streamflow during wet-summer seasons. Although the TMPA products displayed a good level of performance for hydrologic modeling, there were some over/underestimates of precipitation by satellites during the winter season that were induced by snow accumulation and snowmelt processes. These differences resulted in streamflow simulation uncertainties during the winter and spring seasons. This study highlights the crucial need to understand hydrological uncertainties from satellite-derived precipitation for improved water resource management and planning in mountainous basins. Furthermore, it is suggested that a reliable snowfall detection algorithm is necessary for the new global precipitation measurement (GPM) mission.
Force-Sensing Silicone Retractor for Attachment to Surgical Suction Pipes
Authors: Watanabe Tetsuyou , Koyama Toshio , Yoneyama Takeshi , Nakada Mitsutoshi
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a novel force-sensing silicone retractor that can be attached to a surgical suction pipe to improve the usability of the suction and retraction functions during neurosurgery. The retractor enables simultaneous utilization of three functions: suction, retraction, and retraction-force sensing. The retractor also reduces the number of tool changes and ensures safe retraction through visualization of the magnitude of the retraction force. The proposed force-sensing system is based on a force visualization mechanism through which the force is displayed in the form of motion of a colored pole. This enables surgeons to estimate the retraction force. When a fiberscope or camera is present, the retractor enables measurement of the retraction force with a resolution of 0.05 N. The retractor has advantages of being disposable, inexpensive, and easy to sterilize or disinfect. Finite element analysis and experiments demonstrate the validity of the proposed force-sensing system.
Design and Development for Capacitive Humidity Sensor Applications of Lead-Free Ca,Mg,Fe,Ti-Oxides-Based Electro-Ceramics with Improved Sensing Properties via Physisorption
Authors: Tripathy Ashis , Pramanik Sumit , Manna Ayan , Bhuyan Satyanarayan , Azrin Shah Nabila , Radzi Zamri , Abu Osman Noor
Published: July 2016

Despite the many attractive potential uses of ceramic materials as humidity sensors, some unavoidable drawbacks, including toxicity, poor biocompatibility, long response and recovery times, low sensitivity and high hysteresis have stymied the use of these materials in advanced applications. Therefore, in present investigation, we developed a capacitive humidity sensor using lead-free Ca,Mg,Fe,Ti-Oxide (CMFTO)-based electro-ceramics with perovskite structures synthesized by solid-state step-sintering. This technique helps maintain the submicron size porous morphology of the developed lead-free CMFTO electro-ceramics while providing enhanced water physisorption behaviour. In comparison with conventional capacitive humidity sensors, the presented CMFTO-based humidity sensor shows a high sensitivity of up to 3000% compared to other materials, even at lower signal frequency. The best also shows a rapid response (14.5 s) and recovery (34.27 s), and very low hysteresis (3.2%) in a 33%–95% relative humidity range which are much lower values than those of existing conventional sensors. Therefore, CMFTO nano-electro-ceramics appear to be very promising materials for fabricating high-performance capacitive humidity sensors.
A Smart Spoofing Face Detector by Display Features Analysis
Authors: Lai ChinLun , Tai ChiuYuan
Published: July 2016

In this paper, a smart face liveness detector is proposed to prevent the biometric system from being “deceived” by the video or picture of a valid user that the counterfeiter took with a high definition handheld device (e.g., iPad with retina display). By analyzing the characteristics of the display platform and using an expert decision-making core, we can effectively detect whether a spoofing action comes from a fake face displayed in the high definition display by verifying the chromaticity regions in the captured face. That is, a live or spoof face can be distinguished precisely by the designed optical image sensor. To sum up, by the proposed method/system, a normal optical image sensor can be upgraded to a powerful version to detect the spoofing actions. The experimental results prove that the proposed detection system can achieve very high detection rate compared to the existing methods and thus be practical to implement directly in the authentication systems.
Incentives for Delay-Constrained Data Query and Feedback in Mobile Opportunistic Crowdsensing
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Fan , Wang Yu
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we propose effective data collection schemes that stimulate cooperation between selfish users in mobile opportunistic crowdsensing. A query issuer generates a query and requests replies within a given delay budget. When a data provider receives the query for the first time from an intermediate user, the former replies to it and authorizes the latter as the owner of the reply. Different data providers can reply to the same query. When a user that owns a reply meets the query issuer that generates the query, it requests the query issuer to pay credits. The query issuer pays credits and provides feedback to the data provider, which gives the reply. When a user that carries a feedback meets the data provider, the data provider pays credits to the user in order to adjust its claimed expertise. Queries, replies and feedbacks can be traded between mobile users. We propose an effective mechanism to define rewards for queries, replies and feedbacks. We formulate the bargain process as a two-person cooperative game, whose solution is found by using the Nash theorem. To improve the credit circulation, we design an online auction process, in which the wealthy user can buy replies and feedbacks from the starving one using credits. We have carried out extensive simulations based on real-world traces to evaluate the proposed schemes.
Navigating towards Decoupled Aquaponic Systems: A System Dynamics Design Approach
Authors: Goddek Simon , Espinal Carlos , Delaide Boris , Jijakli Mohamed , Schmautz Zala , Wuertz Sven , Keesman Karel
Published: July 2016

The classical working principle of aquaponics is to provide nutrient-rich aquacultural water to a hydroponic plant culture unit, which in turn depurates the water that is returned to the aquaculture tanks. A known drawback is that a compromise away from optimal growing conditions for plants and fish must be achieved to produce both crops and fish in the same environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to develop a theoretical concept of a decoupled aquaponic system (DAPS), and predict water, nutrient (N and P), fish, sludge, and plant levels. This has been approached by developing a dynamic aquaponic system model, using inputs from data found in literature covering the fields of aquaculture, hydroponics, and sludge treatment. The outputs from the model showed the dependency of aquacultural water quality on the hydroponic evapotranspiration rate. This result can be explained by the fact that DAPS is based on one-way flows. These one-way flows results in accumulations of remineralized nutrients in the hydroponic component ensuring optimal conditions for the plants. The study also suggests to size the cultivation area based on P availability in the hydroponic component as P is an exhaustible resource and has been identified one of the main limiting factors for plant growth.
Complications of porous-coated press-fit cementless total hip replacement in dogs
Authors: Kidd Scott W. , Preston Christopher A. , Moore George E.
Published: July 2016

Objective: To report postoperative complications using a commercially available porous-coated press-fit cementless total hip replacement (THR) system in dogs.

Methods: Medical records were reviewed for client-owned dogs with hip pathologies requiring THR. A minimum of six-week postoperative orthopaedic examination and orthogonal pelvic radiographs were used to assess outcome and complications in the perioperative period. Referring veterinarian medical records, phone interviews with clients, or both were used to assess long-term functional outcome and complications.

Results: Bilateral THR was performed in 36 dogs, and unilateral in 147 dogs, making a total of 219 THR procedures in 183 dogs. A total complication rate of 31.1% (68/219) was observed. A catastrophic complication was observed in 8.2% (n = 18), a major complication in 9.6% (n = 21), and a minor complication in 13.2% (n = 29) of procedures. The most common complications were intra-operative femoral fissure (n = 46), diaphyseal femoral fracture (n = 15), and coxofemoral luxation (n = 9). Full return to function was achieved in 88.1% of procedures with a median follow-up period of 42 months.

Clinical significance: Porous-coated press-fit cementless collarless total hip replacements have a high complication rate. The majority of complications occur intra-operatively or perioperatively, with few complications occurring beyond 12 weeks postoperatively. Both fissure fractures and diaphyseal femoral fractures carry a favourable prognosis with immediate cerclage wiring and plate fixation, respectively.
Postdisciplinarity and the Rise of Intellectual Openness: The Necessity for "Plural Knowability" in Tourism Studies
Authors: Hollinshead Keith
Published: July 2016

In this article—which is based on my keynote presentation at the "Welcoming Encounters: Tourism Research in a Postdisciplinary Era" 2013 conference at the Institute of Ethnology, University of Neuchatel, Switzerland—I maintain that postdisciplinarity is a form of painstaking
(in time and effort) inquiry that makes considered use of academic and nonacademic forms of knowing to trace the plural truths that apply in difficult-to-fathom globalizing/decolonizing/postcolonial settings. In this article, I suggest that open-to-the-future postdisciplinary styles of research
are critically valuable where a range or multiplicity of interpretive cultural/cosmological outlooks on the world has been poorly understood, and where important longstanding or emergent en groupe perspectives have been ignored or subjugated by governing powers/agencies. In suggesting
that those who work in tourism scenarios regularly have to deal with such difficult contestations of value across the globe—where the poesis or the fantasmatics of local/contesting populations are decidedly different—I draw particularly on Gilroy's work on "diaspora" and on Bhabha's
thinking on "emergent/hybrid locations of culture" to highlight the sorts of difficult-to-read ambivalent/protean/transgressive identifications that are readily the stuff of postdisciplinary inquiry. The article closes with the recognition that today, postdisciplinary investigators can harness
much from the recent liberation in "social justice research practices" that Denzin and Lincoln (and their myriad of diverse critico-interpretive/qualitative researchers) have advocated, notably the advances in "bricoleurship" recently conceptualized by Kincheloe.
GEOMETRY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HELIOSHEATH REVEALED IN THE FIRST FIVE YEARS OF INTERSTELLAR BOUNDARY EXPLORER OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Zirnstein E. J. , Funsten H. O. , Heerikhuisen J. , McComas D. J. , Schwadron N. A. , Zank G. P.
Published: July 2016

We investigate and interpret the geometry and characteristics of the inner heliosheath (IHS) plasma and their impact on the heliotail structure as observed in energetic neutral atom (ENA) maps acquired during the first 5 yr of Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) observations. In particular, IBEX observations of the heliotail reveal distinct, localized emission features (lobes) that provide a rich set of information about the properties and evolution of the heliosheath plasma downstream of the termination shock (TS). We analyze the geometry of the heliotail lobes and find that the plane intersecting the port and starboard heliotail lobe centers is ∼6° from the solar equatorial plane, and the plane intersecting the north and south heliotail lobe centers is ∼90° from the solar equatorial plane, both indicating strong correlation with the fast–slow solar wind asymmetry, and thus reflecting the structure of the IHS flow around the Sun. We also analyze the key parameters and processes that form and shape the port and starboard lobes, which are distinctly different from the north and south lobes. By comparing IBEX ENA observations with results from a simplistic flow model of the heliosphere and a multicomponent description for pickup ions (PUIs) in the IHS, we find that the port and starboard lobe formation is driven by a thin IHS, large nose–tail asymmetry of the distance to the TS (and consequently, a large nose–tail asymmetry of the relative abundance of PUIs at the TS) and the energy-dependent removal of PUIs by charge exchange in the IHS.
TRACING THE CHROMOSPHERIC AND CORONAL MAGNETIC FIELD WITH AIA, IRIS, IBIS, AND ROSA DATA
Authors: Aschwanden Markus J. , Reardon Kevin , Jess Dave B.
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study is to explore the suitability of chromospheric images for magnetic modeling of active regions. We use high-resolution images (

), from the Interferometric Bidimensional Spectrometer in the Ca ii 8542 Å line, the Rapid Oscillations in the Solar Atmosphere instrument in the Hα 6563 Å line, the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph in the 2796 Å line, and compare non-potential magnetic field models obtained from those chromospheric images with those obtained from images of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly in coronal (171 Å, etc.) and in chromospheric (304 Å) wavelengths. Curvi-linear structures are automatically traced in those images with the OCCULT-2 code, to which we forward-fitted magnetic field lines computed with the Vertical-current Approximation Nonlinear Force Free Field code. We find that the chromospheric images: (1) reveal crisp curvi-linear structures (fibrils, loop segments, spicules) that are extremely well-suited for constraining magnetic modeling; (2) that these curvi-linear structures are field-aligned with the best-fit solution by a median misalignment angle of

–7°; (3) the free energy computed from coronal data may underestimate that obtained from cromospheric data by a factor of

–4, (4) the height range of chromospheric features is confined to

km, while coronal features are detected up to h = 35,000 km; and (5) the plasma-β parameter is

for all traced features. We conclude that chromospheric images reveal important magnetic structures that are complementary to coronal images and need to be included in comprehensive magnetic field models, something that is currently not accomodated in standard NLFFF codes.
Design and Implementation of Offline Distance Learning System in Teaching Construction Cost Engineering
Authors: Yan Yuqiao , Yu Kanhua
Published: July 2016

This paper introduces current situation and defects of distance teaching platform and puts forward a design scheme to construct a distance teaching platform under the support of internet technology. The system owns diversified functions such as learning mode conversion, online learning and examination, and implements “low-flow” technology. Occupancy rate of such technology for network bandwidth is small in the operation process. Under the conditions of unstable network speed or slow network speed, it can operate fluently to make sure routine teaching and examination can be conducted normally. The application result of this system in Construction Cost Engineering shows that this system plays a significant role in improving the teaching quality of this course. Hence, it is feasible to apply the learning system in other courses.
Adoption of Business Strategies to Provide Analytical Systems for Teachers in the Context of Universities
Authors: Guitart Isabel , Conesa Jordi
Published: July 2016

Competitive organizations have implemented systems of business intelligence in order to help employees in the process of evidence-based decision-making. Using these systems in university will provide a set of analytical tools that support decision-making of academics focused to the improvement of their research and teaching activities. In the case of teachers, for example, it may help to better understand students, how they learn and how to improve the learning processes according to evidences. To implement these systems efficiently it is necessary to gather data about the activities students and teachers perform during the learning-teaching process. Currently, most universities provide virtual learning environments (VLE) where students perform most of their learning activities. These environments may store data about the interaction of their users and, therefore, gather information of all the agents during the teaching-learning process. Our proposal is to adopt the strategies of business intelligence, which resulted useful in organizations, to universities. By applying analytic techniques on the large volume of data stored in the VLE, we propose to build dashboards for teachers and academic program managers in order to help them to take decisions that improve teaching in the short, medium and long term.
Improving citation network scoring by incorporating author and program committee reputation
Authors: Peiris Dineshi , Weerasinghe Ruvan
Published: July 2016

Publication venues play an important role in the scholarly communication process. The number of publication venues has been increasing yearly, making it difficult for researchers to determine the most suitable venue for their publication. Most existing methods use citation count as the metric to measure the reputation of publication venues. However, this does not take into account the quality of citations. Therefore, it is vital to have a publication venue quality estimation mechanism. The ultimate goal of this research project is to develop a novel approach for ranking publication venues by considering publication history. The main aim of this research work is to propose a mechanism to identify the key Computer Science journals and conferences from various fields of research. Our approach is completely based on the citation network represented by publications. A modified version of the PageRank algorithm is used to compute the ranking scores for each publication. In our publication ranking method, there are many aspects that contribute to the importance of a publication, including the number of citations, the rating of the citing publications, the time metric and the authors’ reputation. Known publication venue scores have been formulated by using the scores of the publications. New publication venue ranking is taken care by the scores of Program Committee members which derive from their ranking scores as authors. Experimental results show that our publication ranking method reduces the bias against more recent publications, while also providing a more accurate way to determine publication quality.
Manipulating Memory CD8 T Cell Numbers by Timed Enhancement of IL-2 Signals
Authors: Kim Marie T. , Kurup Samarchith P. , Starbeck-Miller Gabriel R. , Harty John T.
Published: July 2016

As a result of the growing burden of tumors and chronic infections, manipulating CD8 T cell responses for clinical use has become an important goal for immunologists. In this article, we show that dendritic cell (DC) immunization coupled with relatively early (days 1–3) or late (days 4–6) administration of enhanced IL-2 signals increase peak effector CD8 T cell numbers, but only early IL-2 signals enhance memory numbers. IL-2 signals delivered at relatively late time points drive terminal differentiation and marked Bim-mediated contraction and do not increase memory T cell numbers. In contrast, early IL-2 signals induce effector cell metabolic profiles that are more conducive to memory formation. Of note, downregulation of CD80 and CD86 was observed on DCs in vivo following early IL-2 treatment. Mechanistically, early IL-2 treatment enhanced CTLA-4 expression on regulatory T cells, and CTLA-4 blockade alongside IL-2 treatment in vivo prevented the decrease in CD80 and CD86, supporting a cell-extrinsic role for CTLA-4 in downregulating B7 ligand expression on DCs. Finally, DC immunization followed by early IL-2 treatment and anti–CTLA-4 blockade resulted in lower memory CD8 T cell numbers compared with the DC+early IL-2 treatment group. These data suggest that curtailed signaling through the B7-CD28 costimulatory axis during CD8 T cell activation limits terminal differentiation and preserves memory CD8 T cell formation; thus, it should be considered in future T cell–vaccination strategies.
A Simple, Versatile Antibody-Based Barcoding Method for Flow Cytometry
Authors: Akkaya Billur , Miozzo Pietro , Holstein Amanda H. , Shevach Ethan M. , Pierce Susan K. , Akkaya Munir
Published: July 2016

Barcoding of biological samples is a commonly used strategy to mark or identify individuals within a complex mixture. However, cell barcoding has not yet found wide use in flow cytometry that would benefit greatly from the ability to analyze pooled experimental samples simultaneously. This is due, in part, to technical and practical limitations of current fluorescent dye-based methods. In this study, we describe a simple, versatile barcoding strategy that relies on combinations of a single Ab conjugated to different fluorochromes and thus in principle can be integrated into any flow cytometry application. To demonstrate the efficacy of the approach, we describe the results of a variety of experiments using live cells as well as fixed and permeabilized cells. The results of these studies show that Ab-based barcoding provides a simple, practical method for identifying cells from individual samples pooled for analysis by flow cytometry that has broad applications in immunological research.
REPETITIVE MANUAL OPERATIONS IN THE DAIRY SECTOR: ANALYSES AND CRITERIA FOR INTERVENTION
Authors: Porceddu Pier Riccardo , Rosati Laura
Published: July 2016

For the health of workers it is necessary to consider, together with traditional risks (noise, vibrations, microclimate etc.), risks deriving from repetitive movements, which can generate muscolo-skeletal disorders. These risks can be found in artisan dairies, where the limited use of machinery and the rapid successive passages for processing the milk require high-frequency repetitive manual movements. The study analysed the risks of repetitive movements for workers in a dairy, using the OCRA method. Various risk-involving operations emerged, which require the re-planning of the workplace. The proposed interventions have not involved high costs for the dairy, or a loss of productivity.
Bybelse lig val helder op sterwensgebeure
Authors: De Klerk Ben J.
Published: July 2016

No abstract available.
Amphetamine Withdrawal Differentially Increases the Expression of Organic Cation Transporter 3 and Serotonin Transporter in Limbic Brain Regions
Authors: Solanki Rajeshwari R. , Scholl Jamie L. , Watt Michael J. , Renner Kenneth J. , Forster Gina L.
Published: July 2016

Amphetamine withdrawal increases anxiety and stress sensitivity related to blunted ventral hippocampus (vHipp) and enhances the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) serotonin responses. Extracellular serotonin levels are regulated by the serotonin transporter (SERT) and organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3), and vHipp OCT3 expression is enhanced during 24 hours of amphetamine withdrawal, while SERT expression is unaltered. Here, we tested whether OCT3 and SERT expression in the CeA is also affected during acute withdrawal to explain opposing regional alterations in limbic serotonergic neurotransmission and if respective changes continued with two weeks of withdrawal. We also determined whether changes in transporter expression were confined to these regions. Male rats received amphetamine or saline for two weeks followed by 24 hours or two weeks of withdrawal, with transporter expression measured using Western immunoblot. OCT3 and SERT expression increased in the CeA at both withdrawal timepoints. In the vHipp, OCT3 expression increased only at 24 hours of withdrawal, with an equivalent pattern seen in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. No changes were evident in any other regions sampled. These regionally specific changes in limbic OCT3 and SERT expression may partially contribute to the serotonergic imbalance and negative affect during amphetamine withdrawal.
Fast Solution of Three-Dimensional Modified Helmholtz Equations by the Method of Fundamental Solutions
Authors: Lin Ji , Chen C. S. , Liu Chein-Shan
Published: July 2016

This paper describes an application of the recently developed sparse scheme of the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) for the simulation of three-dimensional modified Helmholtz problems. The solution to the given problems is approximated by a two-step strategy which consists of evaluating the particular solution and the homogeneous solution. The homogeneous solution is approximated by the traditional MFS. The original dense system of the MFS formulation is condensed into a sparse system based on the exponential decay of the fundamental solutions. Hence, the homogeneous solution can be efficiently obtained. The method of particular solutions with polyharmonic spline radial basis functions and the localized method of approximate particular solutions in combination with the Gaussian radial basis function are employed to approximate the particular solution. Three numerical examples including a near singular problem are presented to show the simplicity and effectiveness of this approach.
Direct Calculation of Permeability by High-Accurate Finite Difference and Numerical Integration Methods
Authors: Wang Yi , Sun Shuyu
Published: July 2016

Velocity of fluid flow in underground porous media is 6~12 orders of magnitudes lower than that in pipelines. If numerical errors are not carefully controlled in this kind of simulations, high distortion of the final results may occur [1–4]. To fit the high accuracy demands of fluid flow simulations in porous media, traditional finite difference methods and numerical integration methods are discussed and corresponding high-accurate methods are developed. When applied to the direct calculation of full-tensor permeability for underground flow, the high-accurate finite difference method is confirmed to have numerical error as low as 10–5% while the high-accurate numerical integration method has numerical error around 0%. Thus, the approach combining the high-accurate finite difference and numerical integration methods is a reliable way to efficiently determine the characteristics of general full-tensor permeability such as maximum and minimum permeability components, principal direction and anisotropic ratio.
Immediate and Delayed Effects of Diode Laser on Debonding of Ceramic Brackets: An in vitro Study
Authors: Rajvikram N , Rajakumar P , Saravanan R , Anand Praveena , Anand PB , Prabhakar Ramachandran , Atali Varun Reddy
Published: July 2016

Aim

The aim of the study is to evaluate the immediate and delayed effects of diode laser on debonding of ceramic brackets.

Materials and methods

A total of 60 human extracted premolar teeth were randomly assigned to three different treatment groups. All teeth were bonded with adhesive precoated (APC) ceramic brackets (3M Unitek). A total of 20 teeth were debonded without lasing (group 1), 20 immediately after lasing (group 2), and 20 1 hour after lasing (group 3). For the lasing groups (groups 2 and 3), access cavity was prepared on the occlusal surface to a 2 mm diameter. A transbond plus self-etching primer (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) and APC PLUS clarity advanced brackets (3M, Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) were used. The shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were measured. The internal pulpal wall temperature was noted for the laser groups.

Results

The mean SBS was 15.4, 11.57, and 11.79 MPa for groups 1 to 3 respectively. Post hoc test showed significant difference (p < 0.001) between the control group and the lased groups. For groups 2 and 3, the rise in temperature was at an average of 1.4 and 1.3°C respectively.

Conclusion

The SBS of APC brackets decreased by 33.3% on application of diode laser without increasing the internal pulp chamber wall temperature significantly. Shear bond strength remains more or less the same whether debonding is done immediately after lasing or 1 hour after lasing. Diode lasers increased the ARI scores and thus decreased the risk of enamel fracture.

How to cite this article

Anand P, Anand PB, Prabhakar R, Rajvikram N, Rajakumar P, Atali VR, Saravanan R. Immediate and Delayed Effects of Diode Laser on Debonding of Ceramic Brackets: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(4):275-281.
Chemical and Topographic Analysis of Eight commercially Available Dental Implants
Authors: Peck Mogammad Thabit , Chrcanovic Bruno R
Published: July 2016

Background

Surface characterization of dental implants allows us to better understand the effects of the implant on the host biological response. In this study, we analyzed and compared these characteristics among implants commercially available in South Africa.

Materials and methods

Eight implants from different manufacturers were chosen for analysis (Touareg, ICE, (R)Evolutions, Uniti, AnyRidge, MIS, Ivory-QSI, Southern), using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), interferometry, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to study the surface chemical composition and morphology.

Results

The results indicate that variations in manufacturer processes result in implant surfaces that are distinctly different from one another. Most implants presented a moderately rough surface with sandblasted-only implant surfaces having a lower mean value of Sa when compared with sandblasted and acidetched surfaces. Carbon contamination was detected on all the implants and that of aluminum on five implant surfaces. Ca and P were detected on the surface of Touareg implants, indicating the manufacturer's attempt to enhance osseointegration.

Conclusion

The surface of the implants showed a range of chemical, physical properties, and surface topographies.

Clinical significance

The results indicate that implant surface treatment is not standardized. This may have clinical implications. Further clinical research is required.

How to cite this article

Peck MT, Chrcanovic BR. Chemical and Topographic Analysis of Eight commercially Available Dental Implants. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(5):354-360.
Sense of Coherence and Oral Health Status among 16 to 17-year-old Preuniversity Students of Virajpet Taluk: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shilpa M , Naik Sandhya P , Potdar Shrudha , Reddy Siddana G , Patwardhan Priyanka K , Shree Swetha S
Published: July 2016

Background

Sense of coherence (SOC) is an important psychological factor that enables people to cope with stressors and successfully maintain and improve health. Oral health affects general health and impacts quality of life. The aim of the present study is to assess the association between SOC and oral health status among 16 to 17-year-old preuniversity students in Virajpet, Karnataka, India.

Materials and methods

A total of 361 subjects were included in the study by stratified cluster random sampling method. Sense of coherence was measured using the Kannadatranslated 13-item scale proposed by Antonovsky. Oral health status was measured using oral hygiene index – simplified (OHI-S), Silness and Loe Plaque index, Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Loss of Attachment (LA) as well as decayedmissing- filled teeth (DMFT) index. Chi-square test and analysis of variance were used to evaluate the association between SOC and oral health.

Results

There was no statistically significant association of plaque index and caries experience with SOC, whereas the SOC scores were found to be significantly associated with loss of attachment and OHI-S among the subjects. The distribution of the mean number of sextants with loss of attachment was more among males.

Conclusion

Sense of coherence has a role to play in the maintenance of oral health. There is a need to closely examine the psychodynamic factors that affect oral health.

Clinical significance

There is good evidence that SOC is a resource capable of promoting health, strengthening resilience, and developing a subjectively positive state of health.

How to cite this article

Shilpa M, Naik SP, Potdar S, Reddy SG, Patwardhan PK, Shree SS. Sense of Coherence and Oral Health Status among 16 to 17-year-old Preuniversity Students of Virajpet Taluk: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(5):388-393.
Zirconia Crown as Single Unit Tooth Restoration: A Literature Review
Authors: Alfawaz Yasser
Published: July 2016

Ceramics has become increasingly popular as a dental restorative material because of its superior esthetics, as well as its inertness and biocompatibility. Among dental ceramics, zirconia is used as a dental biomaterial and it is the material of choice in contemporary restorative dentistry. Zirconia ceramics has both clinical popularity and success due to its outstanding mechanical properties and ease of machining in the green stage via computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing technology. Zirconia is one of the most promising restorative biomaterial because it has favorable mechanical and chemical properties suitable for medical application. Zirconia ceramics is becoming a prevalent biomaterial in dentistry. Clinical evaluations also indicate a good success rate for zirconia with minimal complications. This article reviews the current literature on dental zirconia with respect to basic properties, biocompatibility, and clinical applications in aesthetic dentistry as single unit crown.

How to cite this article

Alfawaz Y. Zirconia Crown as Single Unit Tooth Restoration: A Literature Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(5):418-422.
Tropical temperature variability and Kelvin wave activity in the
UTLS from GPS RO measurements
Authors: Scherllin-Pirscher Barbara , Randel William J. , Kim Joowan
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Tropical temperature variability over 10–30 km and associated Kelvin wave activity is investigated using GPS radio occultation (RO) data from January 2002 to December 2014. RO data are a powerful tool to quantify tropical temperature oscillations with short vertical wavelengths due to their high vertical resolution and high accuracy and precision. Gridded temperatures from GPS RO show strongest variability in the tropical tropopause region (on average 3 K2). Large-scale zonal variability is dominated by transient high-frequency waves (2 K2) and about half of high-frequency variance is explained by eastward traveling Kelvin waves with periods of 7 to 30 days (1 K2). Quasi-stationary waves associated with the annual cycle and inter-annual variability contribute about a third (1 K2) to total resolved zonal variance. High-frequency waves, including Kelvin waves, are highly transient in time. Above 20 km, Kelvin waves are strongly modulated by the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in stratospheric zonal winds, with enhanced wave activity during the westerly shear phase of the QBO. In the tropical tropopause region, however, peaks of Kelvin wave activity are irregularly distributed in time. Several peaks coincide with maxima of zonal variance in tropospheric deep convection, but other episodes are not evidently related. Further investigations of convective forcing and atmospheric background conditions are needed to better understand variability near the tropopause.
Size-resolved aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) properties in the remote marine South China Sea, Part 1: Observations and source classification
Authors: Atwood Samuel A. , Reid Jeffrey S. , Kreidenweis Sonia M. , Blake Donald R. , Jonsson Haflidi H. , Lagrosas Nofel D. , Lynch Peng , Reid Elizabeth A. , Sessions Walter R. , Simpas James B.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Ship-based measurements of aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) properties are presented for two weeks of observations in remote marine regions of the South China Sea/East Sea during the Southwestern Monsoon (SWM) season. Smoke from extensive biomass burning throughout the Maritime Continent advected into this region during the SWM, where it was mixed with anthropogenic continental pollution and emissions from heavy shipping activities. Eight aerosol types were identified using a K-Means cluster analysis with data from a size-resolved CCN characterization system, additional onboard aerosol and meteorological measurements, and satellite and model products for the region. A typical bimodal marine boundary layer background aerosol population was identified that was observed mixing with accumulation mode aerosol from other sources, primarily smoke from fires in Borneo and Sumatra. Hygroscopicity was assessed using the parameter and was found to average 0.40 for samples dominated by aged, accumulation mode smoke; 0.65 for accumulation mode marine aerosol; 0.60 in an anthropogenic aerosol plume; and 0.22 during a short period that was characterized by elevated levels of volatile organic compounds not associated with biomass burning impacts. As a special subset of the background marine aerosol, clean air masses substantially scrubbed of particles were observed following heavy precipitation or the passage of squall lines, with changes in observed aerosol properties occurring on the order of minutes. Average CN number concentrations, size distributions, and values are reported for each population type, along with CCN number concentrations for particles that activated at supersaturations between 0.14 % and 0.85 %.
CFC-11, CFC-12 and HCFC-22 ground-based remote sensing FTIR measurements at Reunion Island and comparisons with MIPAS/ENVISAT data
Authors: Zhou Minqiang , Vigouroux Corinne , Langerock Bavo , Wang Pucai , Dutton Geoff , Hermans Christian , Kumps Nicolas , Metzger Jean-Marc , Toon Geoff , De Mazière Martine
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Profiles of CFC-11 (CCl3F), CFC-12 (CCl2F2) and HCFC-22 (CHF2Cl) have been obtained from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar absorption measurements above the Saint-Denis (St Denis) and Maïdo sites at Reunion Island (21º S, 55º E) with low vertical resolution. FTIR profile retrievals are performed by the SFIT4 program and the detail retrieval strategies along with the systematic/random uncertainties of CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22 are discussed in this study. The FTIR data of all three species are sensitive to the whole troposphere and the lowermost stratosphere, with the peak sensitivity between 5 and 10 km. The trends derived from the combined St Denis and Maïdo FTIR time-series are −0.86 ± 0.12 % and 2.75 ± 0.12 % for CFC-11 and HCFC-22, respectively, for the period 2004 to 2016 , and −0.76 ± 0.05 % for CFC-12 for 2009 to 2016. These measurements are consistent with the trends observed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Monitoring Division’s (GMD) Halocarbons & other Atmospheric Trace Species Group (HATS) measurements at Samoa (14.2° S, 170.5° W) for CFC-11 (−0.87 ± 0.04 %), but slightly weaker for HCFC-22 (3.46 ± 0.05 %) and stronger for CFC-12 (-0.60 ± 0.02 %). The ground-based FTIR data have also been compared with the collocated Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS/ENVISAT) data, and found to be in good agreement: the observed mean relative biases and standard deviations of the differences between the smoothed MIPAS and FTIR partial columns (6−30 km) are (−4.3 % and 4.4 %), (−2.9 % and 4.6 %) and (−0.7 % and 6.0 %) for CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22, respectively, which are within the combined error budgets from both measurements.
Remote sensing of tropospheric turbulence using GPS radio occultation
Authors: Shume Esayas , Ao Chi
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Radio occultation (RO) measurements are sensitive to the small-scale irregularities in the atmosphere. In this study, we present a new technique to estimate tropospheric turbulence strength (namely, scintillation index) by analyzing RO amplitude fluctuations in impact parameter domain. GPS RO observations from the COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate) satellites enabled us to calculate global maps of scintillation measures, revealing the seasonal, latitudinal, and longitudinal characteristics of the turbulent troposphere. Such information are both difficult and expensive to obtain especially over the oceans. To verify our approach, simulation experiments using the multiple phase screen (MPS) method were conducted. The results show that scintillation indices inferred from the MPS simulations are in good agreement with scintillation measures estimated from COSMIC observations.