bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differentiating Between Dimensionality and Duration in Multidimensional Measures of Poverty: Methodology with an Application to China
Authors: Nicholas Aaron , Ray Ranjan , Sinha Kompal
Published: August 2017

We develop a multidimensional poverty measure that is sensitive to the within‐individual distribution of deprivations across dimensions and time. Our measure combines features from a static multidimensional measure (Alkire and Foster, ) and a time‐dependent unidimensional measure (Foster, ). The proposed measure separately identifies—and can therefore be decomposed according to—the proportion of the poverty score attributable to: (i) the concentration of deprivations within periods; (ii) the concentration of deprivations within dimensions. In doing so it allows for a poverty ranking that is robust to assumptions about the trade‐off between the two components. Previous measures have not allowed for the features proposed here due to the inability to calculate the exact contribution of each dimension to overall poverty. We overcome this by adapting to our measure the Shapley decomposition proposed in Shorrocks () (based on Shapley, ). The measure is applied to data from China, 2000‐2011.
Meanings of troubled conscience and how to deal with it: expressions of Persian‐speaking enrolled nurses in Sweden
Authors: Mazaheri Monir , Ericson‐Lidman Eva , Joakim Öhlén , Norberg Astrid
Published: August 2017

Introduction

A feature of the healthcare system in Sweden, particularly in the care of older people, is its cultural diversity in terms of having considerable numbers of both caregivers and care recipients with an immigrant background. Considering the influence of culture in ethical decision‐making processes, the idea of conscience and the adverse effects of a troubled conscience, it is important to study the concepts of conscience and troubled conscience in culturally diverse populations. There is no published study regarding troubled conscience among immigrant populations that includes enrolled nurses.

Aim

To illuminate the meanings of troubled conscience and how to deal with it among enrolled nurses with Iranian backgrounds working in Swedish residential care for Persian‐speaking people with dementia who have emigrated from Iran.

Method

The study was conducted with a phenomenological hermeneutic design. Ten enrolled nurses with an Iranian background, with at least one year's experience of taking care of older people with dementia, were interviewed. The study was reviewed by the Regional Ethical Review Board for ethical vetting of research involving humans. Appropriate measures were taken to ensure confidentiality and voluntary participation.

Results

The meanings of having a troubled conscience for the participants comprise not being a good person, including being an uncaring person, not acting according to one's values and living in a state of unease. Dealing with a troubled conscience involves trying to compensate for the harm one has caused and trying to prevent similar situations by being a responsible caregiver.

Conclusions

The enrolled nurses understood themselves as caring people and not only caregivers. They knew that they should hear their conscience and respond to it by trying to be a caring person and acting according to their values. The findings should be interpreted in the given specific context.
Mothers' experiences of having a premature infant due to pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Værland Inger Emilie , Vevatne Kari , Brinchmann Berit Støre
Published: August 2017

Aim

Pre‐eclampsia can lead to premature birth aimed at saving mothers' and infants' lives. Few studies have addressed how women with serious pre‐eclampsia experience to become mothers to a premature infant. The aim was to describe the phenomenon of mothers' experience of being a seriously ill with pre‐eclampsia and on the same time becoming a mother of a premature infant.

Methodology

A reflective phenomenological lifeworld approach with a descriptive design was used. Nine mothers were interviewed twice, between 6 and 24 days and 16 days to 16 weeks postpartum. The analysis was done by finding meaning units, and then contemporary clusters were made. The process was a movement between figure and background. The essence with its constituents emerged.

Findings

Being a seriously ill mother of a premature infant requires journeying through physical and psychological suffering to be able to care and take responsibility for their beloved infants. The essence had the following constituents: conflicting feelings concerning giving birth, reflecting upon the borderline of life, longing for the infant, becoming a mother in actuality and experiencing physical exhaustion.

Conclusion

Because of the acuteness of the birth and the infant's prematurity, the mothers had various feelings about becoming mothers. Existential issues concerning life and death were triggered regarding their own lives and those of their infants. Their experiences are different from those of other NICU mothers; their illnesses initially restricted them from being with their infants. The mothers found that their own health and the fact that their infants were premature and had to stay in the NICU restricted them from being able to take care of their infants. While they recovered, they strived to act as they felt a real mother should.
The palaeo‐valley infilling glaciogenic Sarah Formation, an example from Rahal Dhab palaeo‐valley, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Michael Nikolaos A. , ZÜhlke Rainer , Hayton Shaun
Published: August 2017

The Sarah Formation is a glaciogenic sedimentary unit deposited along the Gondwana margin during the latest Ordovician ice age and represents a major hydrocarbon reservoir in northern Saudi Arabia. Large‐scale glacial palaeo‐valleys cut into the Qasim Formation and were infilled by the Sarah Formation. Post‐glacial transgression in the earliest Silurian resulted in the deposition of the Qusaiba Shale Member and associated organic‐rich basal source rocks, which cap the Sarah Formation infilled palaeo‐valleys. This unique setting makes the Sarah Formation an important emerging exploration target in Saudi Arabia. This study focuses on the facies and depositional architecture in seismic‐scale outcrops of the Sarah Formation in north‐western Saudi Arabia. The Rahal Dhab palaeo‐valley provides a 100 km long dip‐oriented cross‐section which has been covered by 24 vertical sections, sedimentary architectural analyses at metre to kilometre scale and by three cored shallow boreholes. In the Rahal Dhab palaeo‐valley, the Sarah Formation was deposited in a proglacial setting that ranged from marginal marine to offshore prodelta and is made up of three units: (i) the Sarah Sandstone; (ii) the Sarah Shale; and (iii) the Uqlah Member. This study shows the relationships between these three units and architectural controls on reservoir quality in this system. This paper contributes to the regional understanding of the Sarah Formation, and the new depositional model of the Rahal Dhab palaeo‐valley provides an outcrop‐reservoir analogue for hydrocarbon exploration in adjacent areas.
A Comparison of Clinical and Immunologic Phenotypes in Familial and Sporadic Forms of Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: Valizadeh A. , Yazdani R. , Azizi G. , Abolhassani H. , Aghamohammadi A.
Published: August 2017

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequent symptomatic primary immunodeficiency disease, and its prevalence varies significantly among different population. Minority of CVID patients present a familial aggregation suggesting a higher probability of heritable genetic defects. A total of 235 registered CVID patients were evaluated in this cohort study. Familial and sporadic patients were stratified, and demographic information, clinical records, laboratory and molecular data were compared among these two groups of patients. Multiple cases were identified in 12 families (30 patients) and sporadic presentation in 120 cases. The rate of parental consanguinity (83.3%) and clinical presentation of lymphoid malignancy (20.7%) were predominant in familial CVID patients, whereas significantly increased recurrent upper respiratory infections were recorded in sporadic patients (0.3 infections per year). Probands of familial group were presented with a higher severity score resulting in a profound mortality rate (41.7% after 30‐year follow‐up) comparing to the non‐proband CVID patients in the same families with a lowered diagnostic delay. Familial CVID patients had a specific signature in clinical presentation and immunologic profile, and a high consanguinity in this group of patients suggests a Mendelian trait with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Diagnosis of an index patient within a multiple case families significantly improves the diagnostic process and outcomes of the yet asymptomatic patients.
Escherichia coli K1 utilizes host macropinocytic pathways for invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Loh Lip Nam , McCarthy Elizabeth M. C. , Narang Priyanka , Khan Naveed A. , Ward Theresa H.
Published: August 2017

Eukaryotic cells utilize multiple endocytic pathways for specific uptake of ligands or molecules, and these pathways are commonly hijacked by pathogens to enable host cell invasion. Escherichia coli K1, a pathogenic bacterium that causes neonatal meningitis, invades the endothelium of the blood‐brain barrier, but the entry route remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the bacteria trigger an actin‐mediated uptake route, stimulating fluid phase uptake, membrane ruffling and macropinocytosis. The route of uptake requires intact lipid rafts as shown by cholesterol depletion. Using a variety of perturbants we demonstrate that small Rho GTPases and their downstream effectors have a significant effect on bacterial invasion. Furthermore, clathrin‐mediated endocytosis appears to play an indirect role in E. coli K1 uptake. The data suggest that the bacteria effect a complex interplay between the Rho GTPases to increase their chances of uptake by macropinocytosis into human brain microvascular endothelial cells.
Surface Shape Design in Different Convection Heat Transfer Problems Via a Novel Coupled Algorithm
Authors: Nikfar Mehdi , Mayeli Peyman
Published: August 2017

In this study, a new coupled surface shape design (SSD) methodology named direct design method is presented for the solution of problems containing different types of convection heat transfer in which a specific distribution of either heat flux or temperature is given instead of the shape of a boundary. In the proposed method, the governing equation, without using any mathematical transformation for the physical domains, is manipulated so that the grid generation, solving fluid flow, and heat transfer as well as shape updating can all be carried out simultaneously. Five different inverse shape design problems containing different types of convection heat transfer are solved by the proposed method. All the problems are also solved using the ball-spine algorithm (BSA), which is a recently developed de-coupled algorithm, for the sake of comparison. In all problems, the effects of using different under-relaxation parameters are investigated and the capability of both approaches is compared with each other. The results show that the proposed coupled method can solve the problems better than the BSA in the sense that the direct design method converges sooner than the BSA when the same under-relaxation parameter is used for both methods. Also, it is shown that the computational cost of solving a SSD problem using the direct design method is slightly greater than solving an analysis problem.
Modeling off-frequency binaural masking for short- and long-duration signals
Authors: Nitschmann Marc , Yasin Ifat , Henning G. Bruce , Verhey Jesko L.
Published: August 2017

Experimental binaural masking-pattern data are presented together with model simulations for 12- and 600-ms signals. The masker was a diotic 11-Hz wide noise centered on 500 Hz. The tonal signal was presented either diotically or dichotically (180° interaural phase difference) with frequencies ranging from 400 to 600 Hz. The results and the modeling agree with previous data and hypotheses; simulations with a binaural model sensitive to monaural modulation cues show that the effect of duration on off-frequency binaural masking-level differences is mainly a result of modulation cues which are only available in the monaural detection of long signals.
Loss of a mammalian circular RNA locus causes miRNA deregulation and affects brain function
Authors: Piwecka Monika , Glažar Petar , Hernandez-Miranda Luis R. , Memczak Sebastian , Wolf Susanne A. , Rybak-Wolf Agnieszka , Filipchyk Andrei , Klironomos Filippos , Cerda Jara Cledi Alicia , Fenske Pascal , Trimbuch Thorsten , Zywitza Vera , Plass Mireya , Schreyer Luisa , Ayoub Salah , Kocks Christine , Kühn Ralf , Rosenmund Christian , Birchmeier Carmen , Rajewsky Nikolaus
Published: August 2017

Cutting out circular RNAs

Circular RNAs are widespread, but their functions have been controversial. Piwecka
et al.
used CRISPR-Cas9 technology to remove the locus encoding the circular RNA Cdr1as from the mouse genome. Single-cell electrophysiological measurements in excitatory neurons revealed an increase in spontaneous vesicle release from the knockout mice and depression in the synaptic response with two consecutive stimuli, indicating that Cdr1as deficiency leads to dysfunction of excitatory synaptic transmission. Small RNA sequencing of several major regions of the brain showed that expression of two microRNAs, miR-7 and miR-671, that bind to Cdr1as decreased and increased, respectively. These results, along with expression analyses, suggest that neuronal Cdr1as stabilizes or transports miR-7, which in turn represses genes that are early responders to different stimuli.

Science
, this issue p.
eaam8526
Two Complete Genome Sequences of
Squash mosaic virus
from 20-Year-Old Cucurbit Leaf Samples from Australia
Authors: Maina Solomon , Edwards Owain R. , Jones Roger A. C.
Published: August 2017

We present the first complete Australian
Squash mosaic virus
(SqMV) genome sequences. We compared the 2 Australian genomes from 20-year-old cucurbit samples with 8 other SqMV genomes. The Australian genomes shared >99.0% nucleotide identities, and their RNA1 and RNA2 sequences most closely resembled isolates Y and Kimbe from Japan, respectively.
Do non-targeted gastric biopsies affect the management of patients, and can a simple protocol and education reduce the rate?
Authors: Gibson Victoria , Needham Stephanie , Nayer Manu , Thompson Nick P
Published: August 2017

Objective

To determine whether development of localised protocol could reduce the number of non-targeted gastric biopsies taken at endoscopy, without risking harm from non-detection of malignant conditions.

Design

Retrospective analysis of patient records over a 3-month period in 2013, repeated in 2015 following intervention.

Setting

Two UK teaching hospitals

Patients

Patient record data on indication for endoscopy, endoscopy findings, histopathology results and patient outcome.

Interventions

Guidance on upper gastrointestinal biopsy in the form of a new trust-wide protocol, as well as lecture-based education.

Main outcome measures

Rates of non-targeted and targeted biopsies before and after intervention, and differences between grade of endoscopist.

Results

Between 2013 and 2015, there was a 36% reduction in non-targeted biopsies (10.4% vs 6.7%, p=0.001), predominantly within registrar and nurse endoscopist groups, with reduction in non-targeted biopsies of 9.5% and 64%, respectively. Percentage of targeted biopsies remained relatively static, 7.9% and 8.2%. In 2013, 92% of non-targeted biopsies had no management change based on histology; in 2015 this was 90%. Of patients with alteration to management, only 0.4% and 0.7% were due to malignancy, in known high-risk patients. Reduction in non-targeted biopsies resulted in estimated annual savings in this trust of £36,000.

Conclusion

Development of local protocol reduces the numbers of non-targeted biopsies taken, without risk of harm from non-detection of malignant conditions, enabling a significant reduction in workload within busy histopathology services, with significant cost savings. Localised protocols are adaptable to local population demographics.
Mechanisms of TFAM-mediated cardiomyocyte protection
Authors: Kunkel George H. , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Thelian Nicholas , Nair Rohit , Tyagi Suresh C.
Published: August 2017

Although mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is a protective component of mitochondrial DNA and a regulator of calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the mechanism remains unclear. In heart failure, TFAM is significantly decreased and cardiomyocyte instability ensues. TFAM inhibits nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), which reduces ROS production; additionally, TFAM transcriptionally activates SERCA2a to decrease free calcium. Therefore, decreasing TFAM vastly increases protease expression and hypertrophic factors, leading to cardiomyocyte functional decline. To examine this hypothesis, treatments of 1.0 μg of a TFAM vector and 1.0 μg of a CRISPR-Cas9 TFAM plasmid were administered to HL-1 cardiomyocytes via lipofectamine transfection. Western blotting and confocal microscopy analysis show that CRISPR-Cas9 knockdown of TFAM significantly increased proteases Calpain1, MMP9, and regulators Serca2a, and NFAT4 protein expression. CRISPR knockdown of TFAM in HL-1 cardiomyocytes upregulates degradation factors, leading to cardiomyocyte instability. Hydrogen peroxide oxidative stress decreased TFAM expression and increased Calpain1, MMP9, and NFAT4 protein expression. TFAM overexpression normalizes pathological hypertrophic factor NFAT4 in the presence of oxidative stress.
Texture to the Rescue
Authors: Toreini Ehsan , Shahandashti Siamak F. , Hao Feng
Published: August 2017

In this article, we propose a novel paper fingerprinting technique based on analyzing the translucent patterns revealed when a light source shines through the paper. These patterns represent the inherent texture of paper, formed by the random interleaving of wooden particles during the manufacturing process. We show that these patterns can be easily captured by a commodity camera and condensed into a compact 2,048-bit fingerprint code. Prominent works in this area (Nature 2005, IEEE S8P 2009, CCS 2011) have all focused on fingerprinting paper based on the paper “surface.” We are motivated by the observation that capturing the surface alone misses important distinctive features such as the noneven thickness, random distribution of impurities, and different materials in the paper with varying opacities. Through experiments, we demonstrate that the embedded paper texture provides a more reliable source for fingerprinting than features on the surface. Based on the collected datasets, we achieve 0% false rejection and 0% false acceptance rates. We further report that our extracted fingerprints contain 807 degrees of freedom (DoF), which is much higher than the 249 DoF with iris codes (that have the same size of 2,048 bits). The high amount of DoF for texture-based fingerprints makes our method extremely scalable for recognition among very large databases; it also allows secure usage of the extracted fingerprint in privacy-preserving authentication schemes based on error correction techniques.
Investigation of the Substrate Binding and Phosphate Transfer
in Adenylate Kinase by Molecular Mechanics
Authors: Caldwell James W. , Kollman Peter A.
Published: August 2017

Molecular mechanics calculations of adenylate kinase (ADK) complexed with
ATP, AMP, and Mg^2+ have been carried out with three different model-built geometries. The
lowest energy structure is that inferred from the X-ray structure, but such a geometry is not
as consistent with the inference of an NOE contact between His36 and the ATP C2-H proton
as the model of the second lowest energy. We have used the latter structure as a basis for
modeling the reaction AMP + ATP ↔ 2ADP in the presence of Mg^2+ and ADK. The key
residues in the enzyme that stabilize the intermediate points in the above reaction are Arg44
and Arg97. This is the first clear picture of how an enzyme can catalyse a reaction which is
electrostatically unfavorable.
Revised Reference Values for Potassium Intake
Authors: Strohm Daniela , Ellinger Sabine , Leschik-Bonnet Eva , Maretzke Friederike , Heseker Helmut ,   German Nutrition Society (DGE)
Published: August 2017

Background: The nutrition societies of Germany, Austria and Switzerland have revised the reference values for potassium intake in January 2017. Methods: For adults, the estimated value was based on the 24-h urinary potassium excretion and on preventive considerations regarding hypertension and stroke. The estimated values for children and adolescents were extrapolated from the adult estimated value considering differences in body mass. For infants aged 0 to under 4 months, the estimated value was set based on the potassium intake via breast milk. From this reference value, the estimated value for infants aged 4 to under 12 months was also derived by extrapolation. The estimated value for lactating women takes into account the potassium loss via breast milk. Results: The estimated values for potassium intake are set at 400 mg/day for breastfed infants aged 0 to under 4 months, 600 mg/day for infants aged 4 to under 12 months, 1,100-4,000 mg/day for children and adolescents, 4,000 mg/day for adults and pregnant women and 4,400 mg/day for lactating women. Conclusions: The consumption of potassium-rich foods should be generally increased. Supplemental intake beyond the estimated values has no health benefit and is therefore not recommended.
18F-FDG Uptake in Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors Correlates with Both Ki-67 and VHL Pathway Inactivation
Authors: Bucau Margot , Laurent-Bellue Astrid , Poté Nicolas , Hentic Olivia , Cros Jérôme , Mikail Nidaa , Rebours Vinciane , Ruszniewski Philippe , Lebtahi Rachida , Couvelard Anne
Published: August 2017

Background:18F-FDG-PET scan positivity correlates with poor prognosis in neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN). Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) are markers of aggressiveness in tumors. Together with von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL), they are involved in tumor cell metabolism via the hypoxia-inducible factor signaling pathway. The aim of this study was to compare, in a series of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET), the 18F-FDG uptake and expression of the proliferation markers Ki-67, GLUT1, CA9, and pVHL. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included 27 patients with well-differentiated NET. 18F-FDG-PET images were evaluated by the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). GLUT1, CA9, and pVHL were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: The NET were of pancreatic (n = 19), midgut (n = 4), duodenal (n = 1), esophageal (n = 1), rectal (n = 1), and pulmonary (n = 1) origin. Eight, 11, and 8 tumors were grade 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The mean/median Ki-67 index was 15/10% (1-60). The mean/median SUVmax was 6.2/5.2 (1.4-18.7). SUVmax correlated with greater tumor size (p = 0.03), higher expression of Ki-67 (p = 0.04), and lower expression of pVHL (p = 0.008). In the group of 16 NET with a low proliferative index (Ki-67 index <10%), 5/6 (83%) of the tumors with a high SUVmax had decreased pVHL expression (p = 0.0013). Conclusion: This study confirms that 18F-FDG-PET uptake correlates with both tumor size and proliferation in well-differentiated NET, and it highlights a subset of low-grade but 18F-FDG-PET-positive NET related to sporadic inactivation of the VHL pathway.
Confounding by Pre-Morbid Functional Status in Studies of Apparent Sex Differences in Severity and Outcome of Stroke
Authors: Renoux Christel , Coulombe Janie , Li Linxin , Ganesh Aravind , Silver Louise , Rothwell Peter M.
Published: August 2017

Background and Purpose—

Several studies have reported unexplained worse outcomes after stroke in women but none included the full spectrum of symptomatic ischemic cerebrovascular events while adjusting for prior handicap.

Methods—

Using a prospective population-based incident cohort of all transient ischemic attack/stroke (OXVASC [Oxford Vascular Study]) recruited between April 2002 and March 2014, we compared pre-morbid and post-event modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) in women and men and change in mRS score 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 5 years after stroke. Baseline stroke-related neurological impairment was measured with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.

Results—

Among 2553 patients (50.6% women) with a first transient ischemic attack/ischemic stroke, women had a worse handicap 1 month after ischemic stroke (age-adjusted odds ratio for mRS score, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.63). However, women also had a higher pre-morbid mRS score compared with men (age-adjusted odds ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.36–1.84). There was no difference in stroke severity when adjusting for age and pre-morbid mRS (odds ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.90–1.35) and no difference in the pre-/poststroke change in mRS at 1 month (age-adjusted odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–1.21), 6 months, 1 year, and 5 years. Women had a lower mortality rate, and there was no sex difference in risk of recurrent stroke.

Conclusions—

We found no evidence of a worse outcome of stroke in women when adjusting for age and pre-morbid mRS. Failure to account for sex differences in pre-morbid handicap could explain contradictory findings in previous studies. Properties of the mRS may also contribute to these inconsistencies.
Taxonomy of neopasiphaeine bees: review of Tetraglossula Ogloblin, 1948 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)
Authors: ALMEIDA EDUARDO A. B. , GIBRAN NADIA S.
Published: August 2017

Tetraglossula ranges from southern Pará state, Brazil, through central South American (occurring in different biomes: Cerrado savanna, Chaco, and Atlantic forest) southward to the Pampa reaching the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Hitherto, four species have been recognized in Tetraglossula Ogloblin, 1948: T. anthracina (Michener, 1989); T. bigamica (Strand, 1910); T. deltivaga Ogloblin, 1948; and T. fucosa (Michener, 1989). Herein, we transfer Bicolletes franki Friese, 1908 to Tetraglossula, and one new species is described: Tetraglossula meloi Almeida & Gibran, sp.n. An identification key is provided for the resulting six species now recognized in Tetraglossula.
Relationship between Tropical Cyclone Intensification and Cloud-Top Outflow Revealed by Upper-Tropospheric Atmospheric Motion Vectors
Authors: Oyama Ryo
Published: August 2017

The temporally dense geostationary satellite observations made possible by recent technological advances enable atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) to be derived that are suitable for capturing atmospheric flows even of mesoscale phenomena, for which in situ data are scarce. Tropical cyclone (TC) outflows around the cloud top, reflecting TC secondary circulation, were computed by using AMVs derived from successive Multifunctional Transport Satellite (MTSAT) imagery, and the relationship between TC intensification rate (defined as the change of the best-track maximum sustained wind in the previous 24 h) and the outflow was investigated for 44 TCs occurring during 2011–14. During the TC intensification phase, temporal changes in the outflow were generally synchronous with changes in the cloud-top temperature of TC inner-core convective clouds detected by MTSAT infrared band. It was noteworthy that the intensification rates of 66% of the TCs peaked 0–36 h after outflow maximization and that the intensification rate for TCs with a maximum rate of >15 m s−1 day−1 peaked after the outflow maximum. Furthermore, TCs with a large intensification rate and latent-heat release around the midlevel tended to have a large outflow during the intensification phase. A comparison of TCs with and without convective bursts (CBs) revealed that the correlation between outflow and the TC intensification rate was higher for TCs accompanied by CBs than for those without CBs, implying that a rapid deepening of inner-core convection is important for intensification of a TC’s secondary circulation. The outflow tended to be most correlated with the TC intensification rate 0–6 h earlier.
The Hare Question in Assurance Games: Practical Problems and Insights From Robotic Surgery
Authors: Mendoza Roger Lee
Published: August 2017

We examine in this article a frequently overlooked, if not ignored, premise underlying the canonical assurance game model: Hunters could potentially bag more than a single hare (or two) in place of the prized stag. Whether a risk-dominant equilibrium is necessarily inefficient or inferior to one that is assumed to be payoff-dominant is the question we seek to address. In doing so, we suggest plausible variations of the model with different game-theoretic realizations. Single-play illustrations drawn from robotic surgery underscore their practical implications for health care economics and management. The robotic technology revolution amplifies the rational and interactive choices available to players under conditions of risk and uncertainty. Like the canonical model, our illustrations involve insulated, self-interested actions arising from the presence or absence of trust and coordination among players. They differ from the canonical model by allowing for multiple, potentially cooperative equilibrium payoffs. Any cooperative action can be considered optimal if players coordinated on it, taking fully into account the quantifiable and multiplicable value of their second best strategies. Nonetheless, we suggest that any dominant solution/s should accommodate best evidence in health care to provide patients with the most suitable treatments and services. There lies the challenge in reconciling theory and practice in health economics.

JEL Classifications: C70, C71, I11, I12
Gender, Math Confidence, and Grit: Relationships with Quantitative Skills and Performance in an Undergraduate Biology Course
Authors: Flanagan K. M. , Einarson J.
Published: August 2017

In a world filled with big data, mathematical models, and statistics, the development of strong quantitative skills is becoming increasingly critical for modern biologists. Teachers in this field must understand how students acquire quantitative skills and explore barriers experienced by students when developing these skills. In this study, we examine the interrelationships among gender, grit, and math confidence for student performance on a pre–post quantitative skills assessment and overall performance in an undergraduate biology course. Here, we show that females significantly underperformed relative to males on a quantitative skills assessment at the start of term. However, females showed significantly higher gains over the semester, such that the gender gap in performance was nearly eliminated by the end of the semester. Math confidence plays an important role in the performance on both the pre and post quantitative skills assessments and overall performance in the course. The effect of grit on student performance, however, is mediated by a student’s math confidence; as math confidence increases, the positive effect of grit decreases. Consequently, the positive impact of a student’s grittiness is observed most strongly for those students with low math confidence. We also found grit to be positively associated with the midterm score and the final grade in the course. Given the relationships established in this study among gender, grit, and math confidence, we provide “instructor actions” from the literature that can be applied in the classroom to promote the development of quantitative skills in light of our findings.
TNF induces neutrophil adhesion via formin-dependent cytoskeletal reorganization and activation of β-integrin function
Authors: Silveira Angélica Aparecida Antoniellis , Dominical Venina Marcela , Almeida Camila Bononi , Chweih Hanan , Ferreira Wilson Alves , Vicente Cristina Pontes , Costa Fabio Trindade Maranhão , Werneck Claudio C , Costa Fernando Ferreira , Conran Nicola
Published: August 2017

Although essential for inflammatory responses, leukocyte recruitment to blood vessel walls in response to inflammatory stimuli, such as TNF-α, can contribute to vascular occlusion in inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. We aimed to further characterize the mechanisms by which TNF stimulates adhesive and morphologic alterations in neutrophils. Microfluidic and intravital assays confirmed the potent effect that TNF has on human and murine neutrophil adhesion and recruitment in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Inhibition of actin polymerization by cytochalasin D significantly diminished TNF-induced human neutrophil adhesion in vitro and abolished TNF-induced membrane alterations and cell spreading. In contrast, TNF-induced increases in β2-integrin (Mac-1 and LFA-1) expression was not significantly altered by actin polymerization inhibition. Consistent with a role for cytoskeletal rearrangements in TNF-induced adhesion, TNF augmented the activity of the Rho GTPase, RhoA, in human neutrophils. However, inhibition of the major RhoA effector protein, Rho kinase (ROCK), by Y-27632 failed to inhibit TNF-induced neutrophil adhesion. In contrast, the formin FH2 domain inhibitor, SMIFH2, abolished TNF-induced human neutrophil adhesion and diminished leukocyte recruitment in vivo. SMIFH2 also inhibited TNF-induced cytoskeletal reorganization in human neutrophils and abolished the alterations in β2-integrin expression elicited by TNF stimulation. As such, Rho GTPase/mDia formin-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization appears to participate in the orchestration of TNF-induced neutrophil-adhesive interactions, possibly mediated by formin-mediated actin nucleation and subsequent modulation of β2-integrin activity on the neutrophil surface. This pathway may represent a pharmacologic target for reducing leukocyte recruitment in inflammatory diseases.
Immigration Law and the Politics of Migration in Greece
Authors: Mavrikos-Adamou Tina
Published: August 2017

There remains a void between the legal framework of immigration in Greece and its implementation. The essay explores this theme, first by providing an overview of Greek legislative acts and immigration laws from 1991 to 2015. This discussion is then placed within the Greek political arena by focusing on three political parties in Greece that have espoused anti-immigrant rhetoric. The essay concludes with suggestions of ways in which reconciliation can occur between Greek immigration law and the political environment.
Allure of the Light, Fear of the Dark
Authors: İleri Nurçin
Published: August 2017

İleri's article explores the practice of lighting as a means of development of new spectacles and rise of surveillance in fin-de-siècle Istanbul. It focuses on how the concerns of Ottoman municipal and commercial authorities regarding prosperity and civility gave rise to more city lights and how the installation of these lights contributed to the flamboyant visuality of Istanbul's modern life. It also elaborates on how, in a new world of enhanced exposure and spectacle, darkness took on a new importance because it limited visibility. İleri traces these questions through archival documents, newspaper articles, satirical magazines, travelogues, and literary narratives. She maintains that while the government and hegemonic discourse associated lighting with social and economic progress and emphasized the government's achievements in this regard, discussions of outdoor illumination and popular representations often used this very same association in an inverse manner. If light was progress, then the darkness of many neighborhoods and the dysfunctional state of the lighting system were evidence of deficiency, which negatively reflected on the government.
French Africa's Futures Past
Authors: Mann Gregory
Published: August 2017

Citizenship between Empire and Nation: Remaking France and French Africa, 1945–1960 is, as its author Frederick Cooper tells us, a book about politics. It is equally a book about process. Both the politics and the process prove remarkably fluid, and restoring that fluidity to what has come to be seen as a static scenario is one of the book's key achievements. Cooper's story opens with France and its empire in shambles in the last years of World War II. By the time it comes to a close in 1960, France and formerly French sub-Saharan Africa have been remade in ways that none of the key actors of the time desired or even foresaw. The story of how that happened—of how an unwanted set of new nation-states emerged from an overextended and war-racked empire—provides the narrative arc of this dense, closely argued, and singular work.
Experience in organizing and conducting a joint practice of bachelors in the direction of “Technosphere Safety” by Bauman Moscow State Technical University and Sevastopol State University
Authors: Девисилов  , Devisilov Vladimir , Старостин  , Starostin I. , Копытов  , Kopytov D. , Сущев  , Sushchev Sergey
Published: August 2017

The article continues the series of publications on the organization and conduct of introduction practical trainingat the Department of Ecology and Industrial Safety of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University for third-year bachelors in 2016, taking into account the concluded Agreements on cooperation with the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Measures of Russia for the city of Sevastopol, the Institute of Marine Biological Research named after A. O. Kovalevsky of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol State University in the cities of Moscow and Sevastopol. Nine students of Bauman Moscow State Technical Universityhad practice in Sevastopol, four students of the Sevastopol University — in Moscow. Opened in the Bauman Moscow State Technical University profile of training “Protection in Emergencies” caused the need to expand the list of practice sites at the expense of institutions of Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. The modern need for engineering and consulting services in the field of technospheresafaty necessitated introduction of students to the state and commercial organizations in these areas of activity. It is shown how the practice fulfills the educational function by acquaintance with Russian history and natural objects of Russia.
COEVOLUÇÃO E COMPETÊNCIAS OPERACIONAIS: VISÃO PRESENTE E OPORTUNIDADES DE PESQUISAS FUTURAS
Authors: Paiva Ely Laureano
Published: August 2017

A discussão sobre criação e desenvolvimento de competências preferencialmente tem seguido um foco interno à empresa com grande influência da visão-baseada em recursos. Por sua vez, estudos influenciados pela Economia Industrial indicam o ambiente externo como o aspecto chave para o desenvolvimento de competências e busca de novas tecnologias. Este artigo se propõe a discutir como competências operacionais são desenvolvidas a partir da abordagem de coevolução, que combina aspectos internos e externos como fontes propulsoras para o desenvolvimento de competências nas empresas. A comparação dos quatro níveis dos estágios coevolutivos com os estágios competitivos em operações mostra que em níveis mais avançados há um processo amplo de aprendizado e interação entre os atores envolvidos.
INFORMACIÓN EDITORIAL
Authors: EDITORIAL INFORMACIÓN
Published: August 2017

INFORMACIÓN EDITORIAL
Información comites cientifico, editorial, evaluador y tabla de contenido
Authors: Montenegro Marín Carlos Enrique
Published: August 2017

Información comites cientifico, editorial, evaluador y tabla de contenido
Simulación de Redes Ópticas Flexibles de Tercera Generación con Net2plan
Authors: Aguirre Moreno Diego Fernando , Salcedo Parra Octavio José , Salamanca Céspedes Jorge Enrique
Published: August 2017

En este artículo se describe las principales características de la herramienta de código abierto Net2Plan para la simulación sobre redes ópticas flexibles. Este software fue diseñado para ayudar a los ingenieros en la evaluación de algoritmos de planificación de rutas. Se describe un paso a paso para la simulación de un algoritmo de enrutamiento sobre una topología óptica donde se destacan las principales características de la herramienta.
ESCENARIOS PARA LA UBICACIÓN ÓPTIMA DE GENERACIÓN DISTRIBUIDA CON BASE EN UN ALGORITMO ANALÍTICO
Authors: González Herrera Diego Leonardo , Luna Russi Gustavo Adolfo , Rivas Trujillo Edwin
Published: August 2017

En este artículo se presentan los escenarios de simulación planteados en base a un algoritmo analítico para la ubicación de la generación distribuida. En primera instancia se hace un recorrido por el estado del arte referente a los factores involucrados en la planeación de la demanda  y estudios de cortocircuito. Así mismo, se exhibe la propuesta metodológica para evaluar el impacto y algunos resultados preliminares obtenidos.
COMITÉ EDITORIAL
Authors: Ingenieria Redes De
Published: August 2017

Comité Editorial
SOLITONES KINK Y ANTIKENK EN LA ECUACIÓN DE SINE -GORDON
Authors: Segovia Chaves Francis Armando
Published: August 2017

La ecuación de sine-Gordon es una ecuación diferencial no lineal, tiene grandes aplicaciones no solamente en la teoría de campos relativistas, sino también encuentra aplicación en la física del estado sólido y en el transporte de señales en la fibra óptica. En este trabajo se estudian dos soluciones que tiene esta ecuación  diferencial como lo son las soluciones tipo solitón kink y soluciones tipo solitón antikink. Para obtener dichas soluciones se realiza el modelamiento matemático y se representa gráficamente su evolución espacio temporal.
TRANSPORTE COOPERATIVO DE OBJETOS CON UNA PLATAFORMA MÓVIL EN UN ENTORNO ESTRUCTURADO
Authors: Beltran Gonzalez Edwin Andres
Published: August 2017

La robótica cooperativa busca diseñar sistemas compuestos de varios robots capaces de resolver problemas conjuntamente, de tal manera que dicha implementación puede llevar consigo distintos tipos de control (centralizado o distribuido), de esta manera una de las aplicaciones en esta línea de investigación es el transporte de objetos mediante distintas estrategias que van desde el empuje, la sujeción y arrastre de los objetos; tales trabajos se han presentado desde la década de los 90 hasta el día de hoy. El enfoque del presente artículo busca mostrar el desarrollo e implementación de una plataforma robótica cooperativa aplicada al transporte de objetos largos a través de un entorno estructurado utilizando las herramientas que provee el kit Lego Mindstorms RCX 2.0 y el grupo de investigación en robótica móvil autónoma ROMA.
ANÁLISIS DE ACCIDENTES DE TRABAJO Y ENFERMEDADES PROFESIONALES EN ACTIVIDADES DE PAVIMENTACIÓN CON ASFALTO
Authors: Moscote Orlando , Méndez Germán Andrés , Beltrán Rodríguez Carlos Andrés
Published: August 2017

Dentro de los trabajos desarrollados al interior del grupo de investigación SES, se adelantan esfuerzos por el modelamiento de problemática social, encontrándose como uno de los principales ejes temáticos los riesgos laborales presentes en los trabajadores que realizan la actividad de pavimentación con asfaltos. Por ello, se adelantó una investigación tendiente a determinar las principales causas de accidentalidad en el trabajo y de riesgos profesionales para dichas actividades. De los resultados  obtenidos se comprueba dos verdades evidentes y es que la exigencia física del trabajo en la pavimentación genera una alta probabilidad de accidentalidad y una alta incidencia en los dolores de espalda, pero resulta interesante analizar el impacto sobre esta accidentalidad de variables como el impacto del estado civil y la afición a los deportes. En el primer caso se puede explicar por la edad como un correlator tanto de la edad como de las enfermedades respiratorias y en el segundo caso es mejor estimular la práctica de los deportes para evitar los problemas respiratorios en este tipo de industria.
FORMULARIO DE SUSCRIPCIÓN
Authors: Ingenieria Redes De
Published: August 2017

Formulario de suscripción
SISTEMAS DETECTORES DE INTRUSOS Y ANALISIS DE FUNCIONAMIENTO DEL PROYECTO DE CODIGO ABIERTO SNORT
Authors: Rojas Jairo Alberto , Manta Hector C.
Published: August 2017

En este artículo se presenta el análisis de funcionamiento del SNORT, herramienta de software libre para la detección de intrusiones en red, así como una detallada explicación de la creación de reglas y algunas pruebas realizadas, obteniendo capturas de los paquetes de red por medio del software con una regla existente y otra creada. Lo anterior siguiendo un desarrollo en el cual se trata una breve introducción a los tipos conocidos de ataques informáticos e intrusiones, así como una descripción de la clasificación de los tipos de sistemas detectores de intrusos (IDS), centrándonos en el tipo orientado a red.
PROSPECTIVA TECNOLÓGICA COMO VENTAJA COMPETITIVA PARA LA GESTIÓN FINANCIERA EN LAS PYMES
Authors: Vargas Cesar Asdraldo
Published: August 2017

Las diferentes tendencias financieras, han sido diseñadas principal­mente para responder a las necesidades de las grandes empresas. Se proyectan los elementos mínimos que se deberían considerar para incorporar, las herramientas de gestión financiera en las pymes y su integración con la gestión del conocimiento, las cuales por tradición han sido marginadas de su aplicación. Se parte de la presentación de unos componentes básicos que ubican al lector en el contexto de las mipymes; se esbozan algunos elementos contables y financieros de aplicación; se consideran elementos sobre análisis de riesgo y valoración de estas empresas, formulando de este modo una visión prospectiva y panorámica en torno a la gestión productiva de las señaladas unidades empresariales.
STRATEGI PRODUKSI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR KOMERSIAL DARI LIMBAH RUMAH POTONG HEWAN (RPH) SEMARANG
Authors: Oktiawan Wiharyanto , Sarminingsih Anik , Purwono Purwono , Afandi Mahfud
Published: August 2017

Limbah Rumah Pemotongan Hewan (RPH) Kota Semarang yang didominasi oleh rumen sapijika tidak diolah dapat menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan pada manusia dan kerusakan lingkungan.Dampak negatif dari limbah adalah proses pembuangan dan pembersihannya memerlukan biayaserta efeknya dapat mencemari lingkungan. Hal ini mendorong adanya inovasi dan pengembanganteknologi pengolahan air limbah yang murah dan mudah operasional dan pemeliharaannya sertabiaya yang sedikit. Upaya meningkatkan keuntungan akan keberadaan limbah dilakukan caramengolah limbah menjadi produk yang bermanfaat dan bernilai jual. Keuntungan yang bisa diperolehdari proses pengolahan limbah tersebut menjadi biogas, bioenergi, dan pupuk. Pupuk yangmengandung magnesium yang tinggi yang beredar di pasaran biasanya berbentuk granul/ serbuk.Apabila tanaman mengalami kekurangan magnesium maka akan menyebabkan kuningnya daun danmenghambat proses fotosintesis yang terjadi di daun.Penambahan limbah garam pada penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kandunganunsur hara makro C,N,P,K, dan Mg, tidak mencemari lingkungan, tidak merusak struktur tanah, sertamudah dalam pengaplikasiannya. Variasi rasio serat kasar dengan cairan rumen bertujuan untukmengetahui kandungan paling optimum,antara lain: 100:0 ,75:25 , 50:50 , 25:75 , 0:100 (seratkasar:cairan rumen). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penambahan limbah garam tidakmempengaruhi terhadap kandungan unsur hara C-Organik dan Nitrogen, sedangkan pada kandunganFospor, Kalium, dan Magnesium memiliki pengaruh dari penambahan limbah garam. Kandunganunsur hara makro paling optimum yaitu C-Organik pada fermentor B1 sebesar 1,44%, Ntotal padafermentor B2 sebesar 0,73%, Fospor (P2O5) pada fermentor B3 sebesar 2,243%, Kalium padafermentor B3 sebesar 13,05, dan Mg pada fermentor B3 sebesar 26,82%. Meskipun demikian, pupukorganik cair ini belum memenuhi persyaratan teknis Permentan No.70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011tentang pupuk organik, pupuk hayati dan pembenah tanah