bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying Effective Pedagogical Approaches for Online Workplace Training: A case study of the South African wood products manufacturing sector
Authors: Macdonald Iain S. , Bullen Mark , Kozak Robert
Published: September 2016

This study investigated appropriate pedagogical techniques for workplace e-learning programs in the South African wood products (furniture) manufacturing sector. The study found that learners responded favourably to constructivist teaching approaches, such as asynchronous discussions, open-ended task-based activities, and assignments incorporating authentic, real-world examples. Learners viewed constructivist activities to be more useful than quizzes and traditional essay-based assignments, as they allowed new concepts to be learned in context and were perceived to promote deeper understanding of the subject matter. Nevertheless, they valued the inclusion of a blend of pedagogical approaches in the course design, as this enabled them to approach and analyze new concepts in an assortment of ways. Learners placed importance on regular interaction with other learners and course instructors, and were strongly in favour of including face-to-face components in Web-based courses.
Going the Distance: Towards a new professionalism for full-time distance education faculty at the University of the Philippines
Authors: Arinto Patricia
Published: September 2016

Several constraints influence the formation of a professional identity by full-time distance education faculty at the University of the Philippines. One of these is the marginalisation of distance education (DE) in the academy as a consequence of DE’s identification with low status disciplines, as well as with developments in higher education that are undermining traditional academic identities. There are also constraints arising from the social organisation of distance education itself. The paper offers a (re)conceptualisation of academic professionalism for distance education faculty that is more responsive to the challenges that they face, and more empowering for themselves and the academic and other communities of which they are a part.
Exploring the Role of Distance Education in Fostering Equitable University Access for First Generation Students: A phenomenological survey
Authors: Priebe Lisa C. , Ross Tamra L. , Low Karl W.
Published: September 2016

Using a qualitative study of distance education (DE) learners whose parents have not accessed post-secondary education (PSE), this paper proposes themes for further research in the study of first-generation students (FGS). This survey asked a number of open-ended questions about parental influences on university enrollment, and respondents’ reasons for choosing university in general and DE in particular. Findings were consistent with current research in many areas focusing on debt aversion, lower parental guidance, older starting age, and difficulty separating from familial roles. Differences were noted, including lower parental valuation of PSE and an increased emphasis on non-educational priorities, such as family and work. The limitations of the current study are discussed, as well as suggestions for future FGS research in DE.
A Contribution to the Hellenic Open University: Evaluation of the pedagogical practices and the use of ICT on distance education
Authors: Koustourakis Gerasimos , Panagiotakopoulos Chris , Vergidis Dimitris
Published: September 2016

This study examines a) the methods used to structure the pedagogy necessary to underpin distance education delivery used by the Hellenic Open University (HOU); b) the adoption of pedagogical and epistemological conceptual systems HOU uses for the development of its pedagogical practices; and c) the role of information and communication technology (ICT), and the degree of ICTs incorporation into distance education delivery at HOU. This study shows that: a) in terms of providing rigorous course contents, strong framing exists between HOU’s various learning modules; b) in terms of pedagogical practices, there is a strong hierarchical relationship and framing between HOU’s academic staff and tutors, while conversely, framing is weaker between its tutors and students; c) in terms of ICT usage HOU, in general, uses technology for administration, while conversely, and depending on the program of study, it currently only has limited use for student learning.
Instructional Strategies in Teaching Engineering at a Distance: Faculty perspective
Authors: Ariadurai S. Anbahan , Manohanthan Rajalingam
Published: September 2016

This paper presents research on a convenience sample of the Open University of Sri Lanka’s engineering faculty. Examined in this research are faculty’s opinions on the instructional strategies they use to teach engineering courses at a distance. First, this paper details the pedagogical strategies used by the faculty, which is then followed by an overview of faculty’s opinions on the strengths and weaknesses of engineering courses offered by the Open University of Sri Lanka. Recommendations are given to improve the overall effectiveness of the engineering courses. It is anticipated the adoption of these recommendations will result in greater student competency and lower drop-out rates.
Distance Education and Corporate Training in Brazil: Regulations and interrelationships
Authors: Porto Stella C. S. , Berge Zane L.
Published: September 2016

Distance education in Brazil has evolved more slowly than distance education offerings in other developing countries. This is because all aspects of Brazil’s publicly-funded educational system are excessively regulated, highly bureaucratic, and tightly centralized. Such highly centralized bureaucracy and strict control has resulted in tremendous hurdles that work to thwart the adoption, provision, and diffusion of distance education. This is not good news: Like many developing countries, Brazil is also characterized by wide gaps in wealth distribution, with 20 percent of its population functionally illiterate and living below the poverty line. Distance education, therefore, could be used to help train Brazil’s citizens. Brazil’s emerging status in the global economy, however, is generating enormous opportunities that are fueling demand for change. For example, in their quest to be competitive in the emerging global economy, Brazil’s corporate sector has addressed this challenge by establishing corporate universities to train and educate their employees; much of this corporate training and education takes place online and at a distance. The established and emerging educational opportunities provided by Brazil’s corporate sector, in turn, is fuelling the demand for the provision of distance education throughout Brazil. Indeed, most Brazilians are ready for distance education. Many Brazilian households own television sets and cellular telephones, and its expanding communication infrastructure has capacity to support distance and continuing education models. Moreover, this capacity is currently being used by Brazil’s rapidly expanding corporate university sector. In spite of Brazil’s emergence in the global marketplace and its private-sector educational success stories, Brazil’s public educational institutions have not kept pace. This is due to Brazil’s long-standing stringent regulation of its public education sector. Recent public initiatives, however, such as the Open University of Brazil, do hold promise in fueling the growth of distance education to meet the needs of its citizens, poor and rich alike. This paper analyzes the evolution of distance education in Brazil. It explores interrelationship between the nation’s corporate and publicly-funded higher-education sectors, and the influences Brazil’s highly regulated distance education practices has on the corporate environment. The paper concludes with a broad-brushed overview of ‘success stories’ of Brazil’s corporate universities.
Incidence de certains polysaccharides insolubles sur la fermentation alcoolique
Authors: Larue Françoise , Geneix Catherine , Park Min-Kyung , Murakami Yasuo , Lafon-Lafourcade Suzanne , Ribéreau-Gayon Pascal
Published: September 2016

La stimulation de la fermentation alcoolique par les écorces de levure est liée en particulier à la constitution polysaccharidique de ce matériau. Un polysaccharide couramment utilisé en œnologie, la cellulose, possède également la capacité d'adsorber certaines substances inhibitrices et, en conséquence, présente  des propriétés activatrices ; celles-ci sont néanmoins inférieures à celles des écorces de levure.

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Alcoholic fermentation stimulation by yeast ghost is particularly linked to its polysaccharide composition. Cellulose, a polysaccharide often used in enology can also adsorb some fermentation inhibitors and consequently has some activating properties but less than that of the yeast ghosts.
Observations sur le métabolisme des bactéries lactiques dans les moûts de raisins alterés
Authors: San Romão Maria Vitória , De Coste Belchior A. P. , Silva Alemão Maria Filomena , Gonçalves Bento A.
Published: September 2016

Dans les moûts de raisins pourris, recueillis dans les conditions de la pratique, le métabolisme des bactéries lactiques est dévié ; on observe une accumulation de mannitol aux dépens du fructose.

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In the must extracted from grapes infected by parasitic fungi, the lactic acid bacteria metabolism is modified. Under this condition an accumulation of mannitol is observed from fructose.
Automatisation en flux continu du dosage enzymatique de l'acide acétique dans les vins
Authors: Donèche Bernard , Sánchez P. J.
Published: September 2016

Les auteurs présentent une méthode de dosage enzymatique automatisée en flux continu de l'acide acétique dans les vins. Afin d'éviter les interférences, la formation de NADH est mesurée à 570 nm ; la méthode décrite conserve les caractères de spécificité et de sensibilité de la méthode enzymatique manuelle.

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The authors report a continuous flow technic for enzymatic analysis of acetic acid in wines. In order to minimize the effect of interfering compounds, the NADH content is read at 570 nm. This method preserve the specificity and sensibility of the enzymatic manual assay.
Incidence des opérations préfermentaires sur la composition chimique et les qualités organoleptiques des vins blancs secs
Authors: Dubourdieu Denis , Ollivier Christophe , Boidron Jean-Noël
Published: September 2016

La mise en oeuvre, sur les cépages blancs du Bordelais, d'une macération préfermentaire, provoque une modification de la composition chimique des moûts et des vins.

On observe une diminution de l'acidité, une augmentation des teneurs en composés phénoliques en matières azotées, en colloïdes glucidiques et en substances aromatiques.

La diffusion des composés phénoliques diffère selon les cépages, mais demeure modérée.

Cette méthode de vinification qui permet d'accroître la typicité des vins blancs secs est seulement envisageable lorsque les raisins sont parfaitement sains et mûrs.

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The use of skin contact before fermentation on white grapes from the Bordeaux area induces a change on the chemical composition of musts and wines.

We have notified a decrease of acidity, an increase of the content of phenolic and aromatic compounds, an increase of proteins and polysaccharides.

The diffusion of phenolic compounds depends on the variety of grape and stay moderated.

This winemaking procedure, which allows to increase the typical character of the white wines, can only be used on grapes perfectly ripen and healthy.
Le carbamate d'éthyle dans les eaux-de-vie de vin. Observations sur son origine
Authors: Bertrand Alain , Triquet-Pissard Rosella
Published: September 2016

Une fois de plus le marché des vins et spiritueux est en émoi, le Canada impose pour le carbamate d'éthyle une limite par litre de 30 µg pour les vins et de 400 µg dans les eaux-de-vie. Supposé être cancérigène (mutagène) le carbamate d'éthyle ou uréthane (NH2COOC2H5) a été signalé par OUGH (1976) comme provenant de l'éthanolyse du phosphate de carbamyle puis, également de la décomposition du carbonate de diéthyle, antiseptique (non autorisé) ajouté au vin.

Parmi les boissons alcoolisées interdites à la vente en Ontario (Canada) figurent des vins, des vins spéciaux, des eaux-de-vie de fruits et quelques vieux armagnacs. Les professionnels nous ont donc demandé de contrôler leurs produits et de rechercher l'origine de cette substance.
Détermination de la charge polluante et nature des déchets dans les chais d'élaboration des vins
Authors: Caro Pina Ildefonso , Sales Márquez Diego , Valcárcel Muñoz Manuel José , Rodriguez Luis Pérez
Published: September 2016

On suit, pendant une campagne, dans différents secteurs d'un chai de la zone de JEREZ, l'évolution de la charge polluante des rejets.

Les eaux résiduaires ne diffèrent que très légèrement de celles d'autres chais. Les taux maxima de pouvoir contaminant se situent pendant les vendanges et le processus de stabilisation par le froid.

Par rapport à d'autres industries du secteur agro-alimentaire, la charge contaminante des déchets des chais d'élaboration des vins est faible. Un recyclage des rejets est impossible du fait de leur faible concentration et de l'irrégularité avec laquelle ils sont produits.

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During a complete season, for different parts of a cellar in JEREZ area, the evolution of waste water pollution has been observed.

Waste water is only slightly different from the ones coming from other cellars. Maximum contamination occurs during harvest and cold stabilisation.

Compared to other food processing industries, cellar waste contamination is low. A recycling of those waste waters is impossible due to their low concentration and irregular production.
Potentialités de croissance et de fertilité du bourgeon latent chez la vigne (Vitis vinifera L.), étude réalisée de l'initiation à l'entrée en dormance
Authors: Olivain Chantal , Bessis Roger
Published: September 2016

Les potentialites de croissance et de fertilité du bourgeon latent de rang 6 (Vitis vinifera L, cépage Pinot noir) sont étudiées grâce à des techniques de forçage pratiquées au vignoble. Ces techniques sont appliquées au bourgeon latent depuis l'état méristématique jusqu'à son entrée en dormance.

Les potentialités de croissance importantes diminuent en même temps que la dormance s'installe.

Nous avons montré qu'il est possible d'obtenir une certaine fertilité à partir de bourgeons qui n'ont pas encore formé d'inflorescences au moment des forçages. Lorsque les inflorescences sont préformées dans les bourgeons, la fertilité augmente avec le nombre et l'état de différenciation de celles-ci.

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The potentialities of the dormant buds at position 6 (Vitis vinifera L. cv Pinot noir) concerning growth and fertility have been investigated with forcing techniques executed in the vineyard. These techniques have been performed on the dormant buds since the meristematic state to the beginning of dormancy.

The important growth potentialities decrease when the dormancy begins.

We demonstrated that it is possible to obtain some fertility from buds which have not formed inflorescences at the time of forcing. When the inflorescences are formed in the buds the fertility increases with the number and the differenciation of these.
Dosage par chromatographie liquide haute performance des principaux acides organiques du vin
Authors: Polo María Carmen , Barahona F. , Cáceres Isabel
Published: September 2016

Les travaux dans lesquels la Chromatographie Liquide Haute Performance (CLHP) a été appliquée à l'analyse des acides organiques des vins sont répertoriés. Une méthode de CLHP en phase inverse, avec détection en UV à 214 nm est étudiée. En raison de la complexité de la composition du vin, il faut purifier les échantillons en les décolorant au charbon avant le passage à travers une colonne échangeuse d'anions. Les résultats obtenus par cette méthode pour les acides tartrique, malique et lactique sont plus proches de ceux des méthodes enzymatiques que de ceux que l'on obtient par les méthodes usuelles de l'OlV.

La teneur en acides tartrique, malique, lactique et acétique de 72 vins blancs, 63 vins rouges et 43 vins rosés provenant de cépages espagnols est rapportée.

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The works in which the HPLC has been applicated to the analysis of the organic acids of wines are given. A method of HPLC in inverse phase, with detection in UV at 214 nm is studied. In reason of the complexity of the wine composition samples must be purified. For tartaric, malic, lactic acids the results got by HPLC and enzymatic method are little different contrary to OIV usual methods.

The content in tartaric, malic, lactic and acetic acids of 72 white wines, 63 red wines and 43 rose wines issue trom Spanish variety is related.
Etude de l'utilisation des parois métalliques poreuses frittées pour la filtration des vins
Authors: Romat Hervé , Descout Jean-Jacques , Guimberteau Guy
Published: September 2016

Les parois métaliiques poreuses frittées sont principalement utilisées pour la filtration des gaz et des liquides dans l'industrie chimique. Les auteurs ont testé les possibilités de ce media filtrant dans l'industrie vinicole. Des essais en laboratoire et dans la pratique des chais montrent que si les fabrications standards ne permettent d'obtenir que des résultats moyens, par contre, les parois plus complexes ont des performances semblables à celles habituellement obtenues avec les plaques cellulose-terre d'infusoires. A la différence de ces dernières, les parois métalliques poreuses frittées ont une meilleure tenue mécanique et sont parfaitement régénérables.

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The sintered metallic filters are principally used for the filtration of gases and liquids in the Chemical Industry. The authors have tested the possibility of using this filtration method in the Wine Industry. Laboratory experiments and practical tests show that the standard stainless steel filters only produce average results, whereas the more complex sheets perform in a similar way to the clarifying cellulose-kieselguhr sheets. The advantage of the sintered sheet is that it displays a better mechanical resistance and is wholly reusable.
Etude comparée de trente-huit diatomées de différentes origines
Authors: Serrano Michel , Catherinaud Philippe , Paetzold Michael
Published: September 2016

Cette étude propose la comparaison de trente-huit diatomées utilisées pour la filtration des vins.

Les principales caractéristiques physiques sont mesurées ainsi que les enrichissements possibles en certains cations et les risques d'apparition d'odeur étrangères. L'équivalence des différents adjuvants étudiés est donnée sous forme de tableau.

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This study is about a comparison of 38 diatoms used in wine filtration.

The main physical characteristics, the enrichment of some cations and the risks of particular smells were measured. The values relating to the different adjuvants are tabulated.
Dialectic Critical Realism: Grounded Values and Reflexivity in Social Science Research
Authors: Bagley Christopher , Sawyerr Alice , Abubaker Mahmoud
Published: September 2016

Critical realism emerged from the philosophical writings of Roy Bhaskar, and has evolved into a philosophy of social science research using the model of “dialectical critical realism” (DCR) which begins with the researcher’s assumptions that the structures being researched have a real, ontological grounding which is independent of the researcher. This approach has proved fruitful in British and European social science research, but has had less influence in North America. We outline DCR’s four level model for understanding society and its changing social structures through “the pulse of freedom”. DCR has been used by Marxists, Muslims, Catholics and secular scholars who engage fruitfully in morphogenic dialogues leading to a critical realist understanding of society and social research, which transcends positivist and social constructionist models. Examples of DCR’s application in the fields of childhood research, child abuse, education, and research on organisations are outlined to illustrate the working of this new research paradigm. We are enthusiastic in our advocacy of DCR as a model of qualitative research, and for constructing models of positive social change, and are particularly impressed by the substantive and theoretical expositions of DCR by Priscilla Anderson, Matthew Wilkinson and Margaret Archer, whose work we document and review.
Probabilistic Exergoeconomic Analysis of Transcorp Power Plant Ughelli
Authors: Ogbe Otujevwe P. , Anosike Nnamdi B. , Okonkwo Ugochukwu C.
Published: September 2016

In this study, the probabilistic exergoeconomic analysis was performed for four industrial gas turbine (GT) units comprising of two   (GT16 and GT19) units of 100MW GE engine and two (GT8 and GT12) units of 25MW Hitachi engine at Transcorp Power Limited, Ughelli. These four industrial GT engine units were modelled and simulated using natural gas as fuel. The design point (DP) simulation results of the modelled GT engines were validated with the available DP thermodynamic data from original equipment manufacturer (OEM). This was done before the off-design point (ODP) simulation was carried out which represents the plant operations. The results obtained from exergy analysis at full load operation show that the turbine has the highest exergy efficiency followed by compressor and combustion having the least. For turbines these were 96.13% for GT8 unit, 98.02% for GT12 unit, 96.26% for GT16 unit, and 96.30% for GT19 unit. Moreover, the combustion chamber has the highest exergy destruction efficiency of 55.16% GT8 unit, 56.58% GT12 unit, 43.90% GT16 unit, and 43.30% GT19 unit respectively. The exergy analysis results obtained from the four units show that the combustion chamber (CC) is the most significant exergy destruction with lowest exergy efficiency and highest exergy destruction efficiency of plant components. The exergoeconomic analysis results from four units showed combustion chamber energy destruction cost of 531.08 $/h GT8 unit, 584.53 $/h GT12 unit, 2351.81$/h GT16, and 2315.93$/h GT19 unit. The probabilistic results analysis based on the input parameters distributions evaluated and discussed.
ADN_Modelica: An Open Source Sequence-Phase Coupled Frame Program for Active Distribution Network Steady State Analysis
Authors: Ju Yuntao , Ge Fuchao , Lin Yi , Wang Jing
Published: September 2016

Open source software such as OpenDSS has given a lot of help to distribution network researchers and educators. With high penetration of distributed renewable energy resources into distribution network, tradition distribution steady state analysis software such as OpenDSS is faced with difficulty in handling distributed generators. Three-phase distributed generators are often modeled in sequence frame while unbalanced distribution network are usually modeled in phase frame. So a load flow in sequence-phase coupled frame is proposed to handle models described in both frames. Voltage controlled DGs which are difficult to cope with in OpenDSS are handled in proposed program. The steady state analysis platform is programmed with open source Modelica language and the main aim of this paper is to introduce an open source platform for active distribution network steady analysis include load flow and short circuit analysis which can be easily adopted and improved by other educators and researchers.
Composición corporal en niños y adolescentes: en búsqueda de la técnica ideal
Authors: Bellido Diego , Bellido Virginia
Published: September 2016

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Nutrición enteral domiciliaria en la Región de Murcia. Perfil de la muestra, evolución del coste y perspectiva. Años 2007-2010
Authors: Ferrer Gómez Mercedes
Published: September 2016

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Ingesta de energía y nutrientes en niños de 2-4 años que asisten al programa "Buen Comienzo", Medellín (Colombia)
Authors: Ledesma Ríos Natalia Inés
Published: September 2016

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Design and evaluation of a campaign to promote the consumption of vegetables and fruits in Mexican school-age children
Authors: Galván Marcos
Published: September 2016

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Efectividad de la suplementación de calcio en la disminución de grasa corporal en personas obesas; un overview de revisiones sistemáticas
Authors: Aguilera Eguía Raúl
Published: September 2016

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Comparative experimental study on fouling mechanisms in nano-porous membrane: cheese whey ultrafiltration as a case study
Authors: Torkamanzadeh Mohammad , Jahanshahi Mohsen , Peyravi Majid , Shokuhi Rad Ali
Published: September 2016

Determination of fouling mechanisms and accurate quantitative prediction of nano-porous membrane behavior are of great interest in membrane processes. This work has focused on a comprehensive comparison of two classical and new fouling models. Different operational conditions were tested to analyze the level of agreement of these models with experimental observation. Whey solutions of 8, 0.8 and 0.5 g/L were ultrafiltered in transmembrane pressures (TMPs) of 300 and 500 KPa through a synthesized polyethersulfone/copolymer blend membrane. Fouling mechanisms and the effect of different combinations of TMPs and protein concentrations were determined and analyzed by fitting the experimental data to different models. Based on the results obtained from classical models, it was found that the predictions of the cake layer formation model were quite acceptable, followed by the intermediate blocking model. The new combined pore blockage-cake filtration model, however, was found to be very successful in predicting the flux decline over time for every operational condition tested, with all relative errors of prediction less than 5%. The latter also showed a good performance in the transition from the pore blockage mechanism to cake layer formation.
Operating costs and energy demand of wastewater treatment plants in Austria: benchmarking results of the last 10 years
Authors: Haslinger J. , Lindtner S. , Krampe J.
Published: September 2016

This work presents operating costs and energy consumption of Austrian municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (≥10,000 PE-design capacity) that have been classified into different size groups. Different processes as well as cost elements are investigated and processes with high relevance regarding operating costs and energy consumption are identified. Furthermore, the work shows the cost-relevance of six investigated cost elements. The analysis demonstrates the size-dependency of operating costs and energy consumption. For the examination of the energy consumption the investigated WWTPs were further classified into WWTPs with aerobic sludge stabilisation and WWTPs with mesophilic sludge digestion. The work proves that energy consumption depends mainly on the type of sludge stabilisation. The results of the investigation can help to determine reduction potential in operating costs and energy consumption of WWTPs and form a basis for more detailed analysis which helps to identify cost and energy saving potential.
Single and competitive adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared with Salix matsudana Kiodz
Authors: Shu Yan , Li Kelin , Song Jinfeng , Li Bing , Tang Chunfang
Published: September 2016

In this study, Salix matsudana activated carbon (SAC) was prepared by phosphoric acid activation, and the adsorption characteristics of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on SAC in single- and double-component solutions were investigated. In both systems, the adsorption capacities of both ions on SAC increased with the increasing initial pH value and temperature in the solutions, and the adsorption equilibrium was approached at 10 min. The adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and depicted well by the pseudo-second-order adsorption model, and the equilibrium adsorption fitted reasonably well with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of Cd(II) and Pb(II) was 58.48 and 59.01 mg/g, respectively, in the single-element systems. However, it reduced to 25.32 and 31.09 mg/g, respectively, in the double-element system. The physicochemical property analysis showed that the specific surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter of SAC was 435.65 m2/g, 35.68 mL/g, and 3.86 nm, respectively. The SAC contained groups of -OH, C = O, and P = O. Results suggest that SAC had a good performance for the adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from solution, and the adsorption selectivity sequence was Pb(II) > Cd(II).
Optimal waste load allocation using graph model for conflict resolution
Authors: Saberi Leila , Niksokhan Mohammad Hossein
Published: September 2016

In this paper, a new methodology is proposed for waste load allocation in river systems using the decision support system (DSS) for the graph model for conflict resolution II (GMCRII), multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) analysis and the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm. Minimization of total treatment and penalty costs and minimization of biological oxygen demand violation of standards at the check point are considered as the main objectives of this study. At first, the water quality along the river was simulated using the Streeter-Phelps (S-P) equation coupled with the MOPSO model. Thereby a trade-off curve between the objectives is obtained and a set of non-dominated solutions is selected. In the next step, the best alternative is chosen using MCDM techniques and the GMCRII DSS package and non-cooperative stability definitions. The applicability and efficiency of the methodology are examined in a real-world case study of the Sefidrud River in the northern part of Iran.
Natural radionuclides in waste water discharged from coal-fired power plants in Serbia
Authors: Janković Marija M. , Todorović Dragana J. , Sarap Nataša B. , Krneta Nikolić Jelena D. , Rajačić Milica M. , Pantelić Gordana K.
Published: September 2016

Investigation of the natural radioactivity levels in water around power plants, as well as in plants, coal, ash, slag and soil, and to assess the associated radiation hazard is becoming an emerging and interesting topic. This paper is focused on the results of the radioactivity analysis in waste water samples from five coal-fired power plants in Serbia (Nikola Tesla A, Nikola Tesla B, Kolubara, Morava and Kostolac), which were analyzed in the period 2003–2015. River water samples taken upstream and downstream from the power plants, drain water and overflow water were analyzed. In the water samples gamma spectrometry analysis was performed as well as determination of gross alpha and beta activity. Natural radionuclide 40K was detected by gamma spectrometry, while the concentrations of other radionuclides, 226Ra, 235U and 238U, usually were below the minimum detection activity (MDA). 232Th and artificial radionuclide 137Cs were not detected in these samples. Gross alpha and beta activities were determined by the α/β low level proportional counter Thermo Eberline FHT 770 T. In the analyzed samples, gross alpha activity ranged from MDA to 0.47 Bq L−1, while the gross beta activity ranged from MDA to 1.55 Bq L−1.
Biochemical characteristic along UBAF in a one-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal reactor
Authors: Liu Tao , Li Dong , Zhang Jie
Published: September 2016

The Up-flow biological aerated filter (UBAF) based on a one-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process has been widely investigated nowadays. In this work, the biochemical characteristic along the volcanic-filled UBAF reactor had been studied. The results indicate that short-rod, spherical and elliptical (averaged 0.2–1.0 μm) microorganisms with a specific irregular cauliflower profile existed in the system. Species identification showed Nitrosococcus- and Nitrosomonas-related aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB) and Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis-like anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) were the predominant functional bacteria that mixed with each other and showed no distinct niche in the system. However, the bioactivity of functional microorganisms displayed differently at different filter layers, with a better pollutant-removal activity in the lower parts than in the upper parts of the UBAF. In the lower parts, compact and small zooglea formed, whereas it trended to be larger and looser along the filter. Moreover, there was better biodiversity of AerAOB in the lower part, while AnAOB showed stable and low biodiversity along the filter.
Desenvolvimento de um simulador numérico para o estudo do escoamento de petróleo em meios porosos
Authors: Libardi Cintia Cassa , Romero Oldrich Joel
Published: September 2016

Conhecer bem as propriedades dos reservatórios de petróleo é fundamental para confiáveis previsões de produção e para avaliar possíveis estratégias para otimizar os processos de produção. Uma ferramenta muito utilizada para este fim é a simulação numérica de reservatórios de petróleo, que através da aplicação de técnicas numéricas permite obter a solução de equações diferenciais complexas por natureza. Um simulador numérico de reservatórios pode fornecer informações importantes na predição do desempenho do reservatório, representando, assim, um instrumento fundamental na avaliação e desenvolvimento de campos de petróleo recém descobertos ou já existentes. O presente trabalho vem com o objetivo de desenvolver um simulador numérico, bem documentado e de fácil compreensão para alterações futuras. O simulador desenvolvido é aplicado para o escoamento monofásico em reservatórios bidimensionais, governado pela equação da difusividade hidráulica. A discretização da equação governante é feita utilizando o Método de Diferenças Finitas, em coordenadas cartesianas. A discretização para os termos temporais é feita utilizando a formulação explícita. Para os cálculos iterativos é utilizado o Matlab®, pela facilidade de efetuar a programação e pela disponibilidade de diversas bibliotecas. O simulador é alimentado com dados de propriedades do reservatório, como compressibilidade, porosidade, permeabilidade, pressão inicial, além de parâmetros da modelagem como o tamanho da malha, e os parâmetros de produção, como tempo de produção, número de poços produtores, vazão de produção em cada poço. Todos esses parâmetros são inseridos pelo usuário numa interface criada para facilitar sua utilização. Os resultados iniciais satisfatórios mostram o potencial da ferramenta. O resultado da simulação é o perfil de pressão do reservatório para cada tempo de produção. Essa informação é fornecida pelo simulador em forma de gráficos, permitindo que o usuário acompanhe a queda de pressão no reservatório de uma maneira sincronizada com o tempo de produção. Uma versão do simulador utilizando a formulação implícita está sendo desenvolvida, de modo que seja possível comparar os resultados da simulação utilizando as formulações implícita e explícita. A motivação para a realização deste trabalho leva em consideração a pouca disponibilidade de softwares de simulação de baixo custo, ou com versões para teste ou mesmo através licenças acadêmicas, inviabilizando a utilização dos mesmos em pesquisas na Universidade. A contribuição do simulador é dada academicamente, em futuros projetos de pesquisa, iniciações científicas e projetos de graduação, e como complemento da teoria de Engenharia de Reservatórios.
Simulação da síntese de ETBE em coluna de destilação
Authors: Meneguelo Ana Paula
Published: September 2016

A Destilação Reativa é um processo intensificador no qual as operações de reação e separação por destilação ocorrem em um único equipamento a fim de promover a remoção do produto de interesse de forma mais rápida e simplificada. A escolha deste arranjo em detrimento do processo convencional leva a vantagens como aumento da conversão dos reagentes a produtos, menores investimentos e redução de capital de custo. Dentre as aplicações industriais mais importantes de Destilação Reativa, destacam-se os processos de esterificação, como é o caso da síntese do Éter Etil Terc-Butílico (ETBE), um aditivo que atua como oxigenante para aumentar o índice de octanagem da gasolina. Neste trabalho, foi realizada a simulação dinâmica da síntese de ETBE em coluna de destilação reativa utilizando-se as condições operacionais definidas por Jhon e Lee (2003). Analisaram-se os perfis em estado estacionário e os resultados obtidos foram comparados com obtidos por outros autores. Verificou-se a dinâmica do processo frente perturbações na variável: vazão de alimentação de etanol, a qual está diretamente relacionada ao rendimento do processo. A ferramenta utilizada para a simulação foi o software comercial Aspen Hysys® v.7.2.
Gerenciamento de injeção de água: análise qualitativa a partir dos resultados da salinidade da água produzida e testes com traçadores
Authors: Andrião Zandonade Tatiani , Alfredo Sanjombi Bernabé
Published: September 2016

Apesar de todos os avanços na indústria do petróleo, a eficiência da recuperação secundária nos reservatórios tem seu valor mais frequente entre 30 a 50% quando utilizados os métodos convencionais. O fato de saber que a acumulação existe e não é totalmente aproveitada chama atenção, e as pesquisas voltadas a tais métodos mostram sua importância no mercado. A injeção de água é o método mais utilizado no mundo e é o foco deste trabalho. Um grande volume de água é constantemente produzido, já que este líquido está diretamente associado à produção de óleo e gás. Em campos offshore, geralmente a água produzida apresenta salinidade alta – acima de 30.000 mg/L – e pode ser reinjetada para manutenção de pressão do reservatório. Inicialmente, a injeção é realizada utilizando a água do mar. Devido a este fator, com o passar do tempo a água produzida começa a apresentar características tanto da água de formação quanto da água do mar. O comportamento do fluido injetado é algo difícil de se prever devido à grande anisotropia dos reservatórios, heterogeneidade e estruturas de camadas (layers). O método em estudo tem como objetivo auxiliar no estudo do comportamento dessa água de injeção pelo caminho percorrido, sabendo que o avanço da água do mar no reservatório pode ser acompanhado indiretamente pela determinação da salinidade (cloreto) da água produzida nos poços, desde que se conheçam as composições das águas da formação e da água do mar injetada, dessulfatada ou não. O princípio básico deste método é a geração de um histórico com os dados coletados de salinidade da água produzida de poços reais, G e M, do campo Taz a fim de realizar o acompanhamento e análise de suas variações ao longo do tempo. Esse histórico, de forma isolada, chama atenção para um indício de produção da água injetada, mas em conjunto com os resultados dos testes com traçadores tornou-se possível comprovar a chegada dessa água em superfície, além de permitir uma análise qualitativa e revelar que a água produzida é proveniente do poço real injetor U. Tal método revelou-se como uma poderosa ferramenta para descrever o reservatório, investigar inesperadas anomalias no escoamento, verificar suspeitas de barreiras geológicas e canais de fluxo.  Palavras chave: Injeção de Água. Reinjeção. Água Produzida. Água do Mar. Salinidade. Testes de Traçadores.
Routes of technological exploitation of agricultural waste for power generation
Authors: Batista Renato Rocha , Bacelos Marcelo S , Chaves Gisele de Lorena Diniz , Lira Taisa S , Arrieche Leonardo
Published: September 2016

Abstract: The use of agricultural residues as a bioenergy source has aroused increasing interest in the bioenergy sector. This paper discusses the exploitation of cocoa and coffee husks using anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis and direct combustion technologies. The structural synthesis method that was used to obtain electricity was performed using a State Tree. Structural elements were combined to form branches for each chemical route. Structural optimisation was conducted using the heuristic method. The promising technological routes included the anaerobic digestion of cocoa husks in a batch reactor and the pyrolysis of coffee husks preceded by pelletisation. The systematic representation of the problem using the process engineering approach was a promising method for evaluating the process of obtaining energy from fruit wastes.
Estudo de Balanço de Materiais em Reservatórios de Gás Não Associado
Authors: Bissoli da Silva Flávia
Published: September 2016

A estimativa de reservas trata-se da determinação dos fluidos economicamente viáveis que podem ser extraídos de um reservatório, sendo um procedimento facilitador das tomadas de decisões, relacionadas principalmente à fase de explotação. Existem diversos métodos que permitem a estimativa dos volumes passíveis de recuperação, salientando que estimativas de reservas faz referência à análise econômica, tais como o Método Volumétrico, Analogia e Análise de Curvas de Declínio.  Para conduzir a estimativa (para determinar o volume passível de recuperação), foi utilizado o Método do Balanço de Materiais, que se trata da lei da conservação de massa, comparando a massa de fluido existente no reservatório à depleção decorrente da produção, aplicado a um reservatório de gás não-associado (especificamente gás condensado), caracterizado por volumes reduzidos de óleo existentes e um maior interesse econômico na produção de gás. O balanço de materiais fundamenta-se na lei da conservação de massa, e para o seu desenvolvimento leva-se em consideração as propriedades da rocha e o comportamento do fluido, ambos em função da pressão, sendo que as propriedades rocha-fluido e o histórico de produção são influenciados pelos mecanismos de produção atuantes. Tal equação é amplamente utilizada quando certos parâmetros do reservatório não estão disponíveis. Reservatórios de gás condensado possuem características que exigem a alteração da Equação de Balanço de Materiais Generalizada, a mesma se adapta às características implícitas aos diferentes tipos de reservatório, e para o caso em questão -  gás condensado, é necessário determinar primeiramente os volumes de água e condensado correspondentes à fase gasosa e que dão origem a líquidos em condições de superfície. Aplicou-se o método a um campo offshore produzido por um único poço. Após a realização do estudo, foi possível comprovar que o campo é de fato promissor, apresentando fatores como volume original, fator de recuperação e fração recuperada altamente significativos para possível aplicação de investimentos relacionados à produção.
Corrosion Analysis of an Experimental Noble Alloy on Commercially Pure Titanium Dental Implants
Authors: Bortagaray Manuel Alberto , Ibañez Claudio Arturo Antonio , Ibañez Maria Constanza , Ibañez Juan Carlos
Published: September 2016

Objective:

To determine whether theNoble Bond®Argen®alloy was electrochemically suitable for the manufacturing of prosthetic superstructures over commercially pure titanium (c.p. Ti) implants. Also, the electrolytic corrosion effects over three types of materials used on prosthetic suprastructures that were coupled with titanium implants were analysed:Noble Bond®(Argen®),Argelite 76sf +®(Argen®), and commercially pure titanium.

Materials and Methods:

15 samples were studied, consisting in 1 abutment and one c.p. titanium implant each. They were divided into three groups, namely:Control group:five c.p Titanium abutments (B&W®),Test group 1:fiveNoble Bond®(Argen®) cast abutments and,Test group 2:fiveArgelite 76sf +®(Argen®) abutments. In order to observe the corrosion effects, the surface topography was imaged using a confocal microscope. Thus, three metric parameters (Sa: Arithmetical mean height of the surface.Sp: Maximum height of peaks.Sv: Maximum height of valleys.), were measured at three different areas: abutment neck, implant neck and implant body. The samples were immersed in artificial saliva for 3 months, after which the procedure was repeated. The metric parameters were compared by statistical analysis.

Results:

The analysis of the Sa at the level of theimplant neck, abutment neck and implant body,showed no statistically significant differences on combining c.p. Ti implants with the three studied alloys. The Sp showed no statistically significant differences between the three alloys. The Sv showed no statistically significant differences between the three alloys.

Conclusion:

The effects of electrogalvanic corrosion on each of the materials used when they were in contact with c.p. Ti showed no statistically significant differences.
PENGARUH KEPUASAN, PENGALAMAN, DAN KESEJAHTERAAN TERHADAP KOMITMEN KERJA GURU SMA NEGERI DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI
Authors: Jarfi Louwis
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh kepuasan, pengalaman, dan kesejahteraan kerja terhadap komitmen kerja guru SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Manokwari Provinsi Papua Barat. Dengan metode penelitian survei dan analisis regresi ditemukan: (a) kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen kerja guru dengan kontribusi 65,3% dan sig. pada 0,000; (b) pengalaman kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen kerja guru dengan kontribusi 62,5% dan sig. pada 0,001; (c) kesejahteraan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen kerja guru dengan kontribusi 62,3% dan sig. pada 0,002; dan (d) ada pengaruh positif dan signifikan dari variabel kepuasan, pengalaman, dan kesejahteraan kerja secara bersama-sama terhadap komitmen kerja guru sebesar 56,7%.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PRAKARYA DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN MATERI KERAJINAN BERBASIS PROSES DI SMK
Authors: Prasetya Eka Rima , Sukardi Sukardi
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul prakarya dan kewirausahaan materi kerajinan berbasis proses yang layak digunakan di SMK. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: (1) modul prakarya dan kewirausahaan materi kerajinan berbasis proses layak digunakan; (2) menurut siswa, modul yang dikembangkan berkualitas sangat baik, dan jika dilihat dari nilai skewness distribusi data adalah normal; (3) penerapan modul dalam proses pembelajaran secara umun dapat terlaksana; dan (4) peningkatan pemahaman siswa dengan menggunakan modul yang dikembangkan berkategori sedang dengan rerata gain score sebesar 0,62 dan selisih nilai (effect size) 14,5 dengan persentase ketuntasan siswa sebesar 87%. Pembelajaran menggunakan modul juga mampu melatih kemandirian siswa dalam belajar dan mampu menumbuhkan kemampuan dalam bekerjasama. Kata kunci: pengembangan, modul, prakarya dan kewirausahaan, kerajinan, berbasis proses DEVELOPING CRAFT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP MODULE OF PROCESS-BASED CRAFT MATERIALS IN SMK Abstract This study aimed to develop a craft and entrepreneurship module of process-based craft materials appropriate for SMK. This study was research and development.. The results of the study were as follows: (1) the developed craft and entrepreneurship module of process-based craft materials was appropriate for use; (2) according to the students, the developed module was very good and the skewness of the data distribution was normal; (3) in general, the implementation of the module in the learning process was succesful; (4) the improvement of the students’ understanding after using the developed module was in a fair category with an average score gain of 0.62 and the difference in value (effect size) was 14.5 with the percentage of mastery of about 87%. The instruction using the module was also able to train the students' autonomy in learning and to generate the ability to cooperate. Keywords: development, module, craft and entrepreneurship, craft, process-based