bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress, Resilience, and Organizational Climate
Authors: Marques Diego , Malagris Lucia
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Organizational climate, stress, resilience, and cortisol measures were investigated in pilots of the Brazilian Air Force (FAB). Studies indicate that these variables may be related to the physical and mental health, quality of life, and work of these professionals. A total of 112 FAB pilots participated in this study. A sociodemographic and professional questionnaire, the Resilience Scale, Lipp’s Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults (ISSL), and the Organizational Climate Scale were used. In addition, blood samples were taken to check the pilots’ cortisol levels. According to the ISSL, 48 (42.86%) participants were found to be stressed and 64 (57.14%) were not stressed. In addition, the results showed that the better the perception of organizational climate, the lower the level of stress; and the better the perception of organizational climate, the greater the level of resilience and the fewer the stress symptoms. Most of those who had higher values in the perception of a good organizational climate and level of resilience had cortisol levels in the normal range. There was no significant correlation between stress and cortisol levels. Actions are suggested for developing resilience and paying attention to the organizational climate, aimed at enhancing the quality of life of pilots as well as flight safety.
Using Radiogenic Noble Gas Nuclides to Identify and Characterize Rock Fracturing
Authors: Gardner W. Payton , Bauer Stephen J. , Kibikas William M. , Siluk Brynna , Broome Scott , Strickland Chris , Johnson Christine , Vermeul Vince
Published: January 2025

Fracture‐released radiogenic noble gas nuclides are used to identify locations and constrain the volume of new fracture creation during subsurface detonations. Real‐time, in situ noble gases and reactive gases were monitored using a field‐deployed mass spectrometer and automated sampling system in a multilevel borehole array. Released gases were measured after two different detonations having distinct energy, pressure, and gas volume characteristics. Explosive‐derived gases (N2O, CO2) and excess radiogenic 4He and 40Ar above atmospheric background are used to identify locations of gas transport and new fracture creation after each detonation. Fracture‐released radiogenic 4He is used to constrain the volume of newly created fractures with a model of helium release from fracturing. Explosive by‐product gas was observed in multiple locations both near and distal to the shot locations for both detonations. Radiogenic 4He and 40Ar release from rock damage was observed in locations near the detonation after the second, more powerful detonation. Observed 4He response is consistent with a model of diffusive release from newly created fractures. Volume of new fractures estimated from the 4He release ranges from 1 to 5 m2 with apertures ranging from 0.1 to 1 m. Our results provide evidence that radiogenic noble gases released during fracture creation can be identified at the field scale in real time and used to identify timing and location of fracture creation during deformation events. This technique could be useful in subsurface science and engineering problems where the location and amount of newly created rock fracturing is of interest including fault rupture, mine safety, subsurface detonation monitoring and reservoir stimulation.
Evidence of Unusually Strong Equatorial Ionization Anomaly at Three Local Time Sectors During the Mother's Day Geomagnetic Storm On 10–11 May 2024
Authors: Rout Diptiranjan , Kumar A. , Singh R. , Patra S. , Karan D. K. , Chakraborty S. , Scipion D. , Chakrabarty D. , Riccobono Juanita
Published: January 2025

This study uses multiple ground and satellite‐based measurements to investigate the extreme ionospheric response to the Mother's Day storm on May 10–11, 2024. Prompt penetration electric field caused a significant enhancement in the ionospheric vertical drift ( 95 m/s) and the equatorial electrojet strength ( 275 nT) over Jicamarca. These extreme eastward electric field perturbations, along with the large meridional wind, significantly altered the F‐region plasma fountain at different local times. The afternoon equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) not only sustained for an exceptionally long duration ( 12 hr) but also expanded spatially over time. The separation between the two peaks of EIA crests exceeded and in the morning and evening sectors, respectively. This study shows, for the first time, that unusually strong EIA can not only develop at different local times but can also sustain for long duration under favorable conditions, which has implications for space weather applications.
Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Temperature Responses to the May 2024 Mother's Day Storm
Authors: Liu Xiao , Xu Jiyao , Yue Jia , Wang Wenbin , Moro Juliano
Published: January 2025

The storm‐time temperature difference with respect to its quiet‐time expectation (ΔT) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere were studied during the extreme storms on 2024 Mother's Day and 2003 Halloween Day. The storm‐time ΔT were determined by performing daily zonal running mean on the temperature profiles in the ascending and descending nodes separately. The storm‐time ΔT had peak values of ≥25 K and extended downward to ∼100 km globally. Above 105 km, the global mean ΔT had values of ≥20 K in the early morning and of ≥15 K in the late afternoon during storm‐time. At high latitudes, the storm‐time ΔT was larger in the late afternoon than in the early morning. This is opposite to that at middle and low latitudes. Adiabatic warming/cooling caused by the heating‐induced circulation changes outside of the auroral oval is likely responsible for the local time and latitude dependence of the storm‐time ΔT.
Impact of Grid Resolution on Wave‐Mean Flow Interactions With High Resolution Mars Global Climate Model Simulations
Authors: Kling Alexandre , Wilson R. John , Kahre Melinda , Brecht Amanda , Murphy James
Published: January 2025

We have executed a series of simulations with the NASA Ames Mars Global Climate Model by systematically increasing horizontal and vertical resolution with the goal of resolving small‐scale waves that significantly affect the mean thermal and momentum structure of the atmosphere. Our reference high‐resolution simulation is 1/4° horizontal resolution and ∼1.5 km vertical resolution, and we compare results to a low‐resolution simulation that is ∼4° in the horizontal and ∼4 km in the vertical. We show that the main biases in the zonal mean temperature and momentum fields between the low‐ and high‐resolution simulations can be alleviated by including parameterized orographic and non‐orographic gravity waves at low resolution.
Modulation of Mode‐Water Eddies on Upper Ocean Responses to Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Ning Jue , Chen Xu , Wang Tao , Xu Qing , Xu Lixiao
Published: January 2025

The modulation of anticyclonic subsurface‐intensified mode‐water eddies (MWEs) on the oceanic physical and biological responses to tropical cyclones (TCs) is investigated using satellite measurements, in situ observations and numerical model outputs. Extreme cooling of the surface (4.2°C) and mixed‐layer (2.3°C) is observed in a MWE, which can be remarkably stronger than those in adjacent cyclonic eddy and non‐eddy environments. The special thermodynamic structure above the lens of MWEs, which would favor the TC‐induced entrainment more efficiently, facilitates the elevation of substantial subsurface cold water. It also leads to increased mixed‐layer salinity and deepening of the mixed‐layer. Additionally, variations in nitrate and chlorophyll‐a concentrations appear to be depressed and exhibit intricate multi‐layer patterns due to TC‐induced and MWE‐influenced vertical processes. This study provides novel insights into the interactions between TCs and subsurface‐intensified eddies.
Does Eolian Flux to the Northwest Pacific Ocean Reflect Persistent Asian Interior Aridity on Orbital Timescales?
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Roberts Andrew P. , Yao Zhengquan , Shi Xuefa , Hao Qingzhen , Ju Lixia , Tang Xu , Liu Jianxing , Liu Shuangchi , Liu Qingsong
Published: January 2025

Northwest Pacific sedimentary eolian dust flux records have long been used to make direct inferences about Asian interior aridity. However, factors other than aridity can impact dust production rate. We present here an integrated environmental magnetic, electron microscopic, sedimentologic, and geochemical investigation of eolian dust records from Northwest Pacific Ocean Drilling Program Hole 1207A between 1.0 and 1.5 Ma. Reconstructed fluxes of bulk eolian dust and illite, the predominant clay mineral (>72% proportion), are both higher and lower during glacials and interglacials, respectively. Lower illite chemical index values reflect stronger physical weathering during glacials. We attribute eolian flux peaks to increased availability of wind‐erodible particles caused by enhanced physical weathering in dust source areas due to strengthened Asian interior glacial activity in response to glacial cooling. This evidence demonstrates that Northwest Pacific eolian flux does not only reflect persistent Asian interior aridity on orbital timescales.
Fine‐Scale Evaluation of Carbon Exchange Capacity in Terrestrial Ecosystems of China: Leveraging Flux Data From Meteorological Stations for Enhanced Database Representation
Authors: Zhang Yu , Ma Xiaofei , Luo Geping , Xie Mingjuan , Gao Ruixiang , Wang Shiyuan , Hamdi Rafiq , Termonia Piet , De Maeyer Philippe
Published: January 2025

Over the past two decades, China has experienced frequent extreme events and substantial land cover changes. Site‐scale assessments of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) are constrained by the fixed land cover types at eddy covariance towers and short observation periods at existing sites. Using the Eurasian Meteorological Stations Net Ecosystem Exchange product (EAM‐NEE), this study evaluated China's carbon exchange dynamics from 2003 to 2018. Results show that southwestern forests exhibit the highest annual carbon sink capacity, while the establishment of national forest parks has contributed positively to enhancing the carbon sink capacity of northern forests. Substantial uncertainties in NEE evaluation were observed, largely due to variations in scales and thresholds. Our findings highlight the importance of site‐scale assessments in evaluating the carbon sink capacity and informing targeted strategies for China's dual‐carbon goals. Despite limitations in regional representation, the EAM‐NEE product provides valuable insights for localized assessments.
Relationship Between TEC Perturbations and Rayleigh Waves Associated With 2023 Turkey Earthquake Doublet
Authors: Rao Huan , Chen Chieh‐Hung , Meng Guojie , Liu Jing , Sun Yang‐Yi , Lin Kai , Gao Yongxin , Rapoport Yuriy , Wang Fei , Yisimayili Aisa , Zhang Shengjia
Published: January 2025

An earthquake doublet occurred in Turkey on 6 February 2023, with propagating Rayleigh waves triggering perturbations in the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) for both the M 7.8 earthquake (EQ7.8) and the M 7.5 earthquake (EQ7.5). A discrepancy between the velocities of TEC perturbations and Rayleigh waves has been noted, but its causes remain unresolved in previous studies. In this study, we calculated the velocities of TEC perturbations and the frequency‐dependent velocities of Rayleigh waves, considering their intrinsic dispersive characteristics. To retrieve TEC, we utilized ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data from geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites to mitigate the effects of moving ionospheric pierce points (IPPs) from orbiting satellites. The results reveal that the velocities of TEC perturbations (2.60 km/s for EQ7.8 and 2.77 km/s for EQ7.5) do not align with the velocities of Rayleigh waves across the entire frequency band (2.4–3.0 km/s for EQ7.8 and 2.6–3.5 km/s for EQ7.5). However, they are comparable within specific periods of 10–30 s due to dispersion effects for both EQ7.8 and EQ7.5. The dispersive Rayleigh waves, which exhibit significant amplification in the 10–30 s period range, are identified as the primary source of the pronounced coseismic TEC perturbations, particularly for EQ7.5.
An 800‐Km‐Long Erosional Channel System as a Pathway for Antarctic Bottom Water Abyssal Flow Into the Northwest Atlantic
Authors: Frey D. I. , Zuev O. A. , Mekhova O. S. , Fomin V. V. , Morozov E. G. , Krechik V. A. , Borisov D. G. , Salyuk P. A. , Smirnova D. A. , Ostroumova S. A. , Diansky N. A.
Published: January 2025

The Antarctic Bottom Water flow through abyssal channels, fracture zones and troughs contributes to the lower limb of the global ocean meridional overturning circulation. These abyssal flows also control sedimentation processes and form channels, furrows, contourite drifts, and other erosional and depositional seafloor features. Here, we present new measurements that provide observational evidence of an abyssal flow along a more than 800‐km‐long erosional channel in the tropical Atlantic. Our measurements show that the discovered flow provides transport of the coldest abyssal waters into the Northwest Atlantic; the existence of the flow is also shown by a numerical model. The agreement between the observed and simulated flow structures provides a reliable estimate of the coldest water transport to the Northwest Atlantic, confirms the influence of erosional channels on bottom circulation, and increases our confidence in the ability of numerical models to simulate three‐dimensional ocean circulation including its deepest layers.
Contrasting the Intraseasonal Precipitation in the Western and Eastern North Pacific During Boreal Winter
Authors: Huang Jing , Zhang Yang , Wang Xin , Wang Mengling
Published: January 2025

The wintertime North Pacific exhibits two types of intraseasonal periodicity in daily precipitation, with a period of 10–20 and 30–90 days in the western and eastern North Pacific. This study aims to identify and compare characteristics and mechanisms of intraseasonal precipitation in these two regions using daily observational data. Our results indicate their notable differences in atmospheric circulations and dynamical processes, despite similarities in moisture sources. A wave train associated with the intraseasonal precipitation in the western North Pacific characterized by anomalous cyclones and anticyclones from West Siberia into the North Pacific is observed, accompanied by anomalous wave activity. By diagnosing local finite‐amplitude wave activity (LWA) budget, we demonstrate that the baroclinic eddy generation initiates the upstream growth of wave activity, whereas its downstream development is primarily attributed to the zonal advection of wave train. The upstream wave train induces barotropic and baroclinic instabilities in Kuroshio‐Oyashio extension (KOE). In contrast, the anomalous atmospheric circulations related to intraseasonal precipitation in the eastern North Pacific feature a tripolar structure, with downstream propagation of wave activity from the eastern North Pacific to the North American continent. Diabatic heating, along with local eddy generation, contributes to the upstream growth of wave activity. Residual term, possibly linked to the wave activity dissipation associated with wave breaking, extends the wave activity downstream. Thermal and baroclinic instabilities, associated with the diabatic heating and local eddy generation, create favorable conditions for the precipitation. This study may contribute to the improvement of intraseasonal precipitation prediction over the pan‐North Pacific region.
ENSO and QBO Controls the Favorableness of the MJO Realization Cooperatively
Authors: Takasuka Daisuke , Kohyama Tsubasa , Suematsu Tamaki , Miura Hiroaki
Published: January 2025

We examine a mechanism of the interannual variability of the realization frequency of the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO). The activity of boreal‐winter MJO realization is quantified by the number of MJO active days during the tracking of the real‐time multivariate MJO index. In active years of MJO realization (MJO‐A), multiple MJOs are initiated in the Indian Ocean (IO) and they propagate into the western Pacific (WP), but not so in inactive years (MJO‐IA). This contrast is explained by whether vertical moisture advection over the WP is disrupted or not. It is related to differences in boreal‐winter mean convection and circulations: MJO‐A (MJO‐IA) years are characterized by enhanced and suppressed (suppressed and enhanced) convection over the WP/IO and Maritime Continent (MC), respectively. This modulation results from combined effects of the El Niño‐Southern oscillation (ENSO) and quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO). During moderate‐to‐strong El Niño, MJO is realized actively irrespective of QBO, if no additional convective suppression over the eastern IO and/or MC due to other forcing such as a positive Indian Ocean Dipole mode. During other ENSO phases, stronger QBO‐easterly phases favor MJO realization irrespective of ENSO. This QBO–MJO connection except for El Niño conditions is due to zonally heterogeneous QBO impacts that the seasonal mean static stability change near the tropopause over the WP alters the mean convective activity there. This zonal heterogeneity and ENSO phase‐dependency of QBO impacts is interpreted with a focus on vertical propagation of Kelvin wave structure over the MC, affected by both QBO winds and background Walker circulations.
Control of Groundwater‐Lake Interaction Zone Structure on Spatial Variability of Lacustrine Groundwater Discharge in Oxbow Lake
Authors: Sun Xiaoliang , Du Yao , Xu Jiawen , Tian Hao , Deng Yamin , Gan Yiqun , Wang Yanxin
Published: January 2025

Lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) is an important water and nutrient source for lakes. Despite its importance, high‐resolution quantifying the spatial variability of LGD remains challenging. Particularly, little studies have explored the impact of the interaction zone structure between lakes and aquifers on this variability. Present study presents a high‐resolution quantitative estimation of LGD spatial patterns in an oxbow lake by combining thermal remote sensing with a 222Rn mass balance model. The vertical distribution characteristics of various parameters including lake water temperature, 222Rn concentration, electrical conductivity, and δ18O were examined to elucidate the influence of groundwater on the distribution pattern of lake surface temperature (LST). Regression equations were formulated to correlate LST with lake water 222Rn concentration across different water depth zones, enabling the inverse calculation of the 222Rn concentration in the water of the entire lake. Utilizing a 222Rn mass balance model across all grid points, the LGD rate was determined to vary from 0 to 330.96 mm/d, with an average of 55.02 ± 19.61 mm/d. In shallow water zones, the accumulation of lacustrine sediments has resulted in isolation from confined aquifers, causing LGD to primarily occur as springs in nearshore lake areas. Conversely, the direct connection between the deepwater zone of the lake and the water‐rich confined aquifer has resulted in a higher LGD rate in the lake interior. Present study not only offers a novel approach for quantifying the spatial patterns of LGD but also provides valuable insights for LGD studies conducted in lakes globally.
Capillary condensation-driven growth of perovskite nanowire arrays for multi-functional photodetector
Authors: Hu Gangjian , Guo Jiajun , Jiang Jizhong , Wang Lei , Zhang Jiaqi , Chen Hongxu , Lou Gangning , Wei Wei , Shen Liang
Published: January 2025

Metal-halide perovskite nanowire array photodetectors based on the solution method are valuable in the field of polarized light detection because of their unique one-dimensional array structure and excellent photoelectric performance. However, the limited wettability of liquids poses challenges for achieving large-scale and high-quality perovskite nanowire arrays. To address this issue, we develop a facile method utilizing capillary condensation to grow high-quality centimeter-scale perovskite nanowire arrays. Based on these nanowires, the fabricated photodetector showcases specific detectivities of 1.95 × 1013 jones, surpassing commercially available silicon detectors in weak-light detection capabilities. The weak-light imaging capability of our nanowire photodetectors has been successfully demonstrated at intensities below 54 nW/cm2. Moreover, the nanowire arrays also display excellent polarization absorption characteristics, promising applications in polarized light detection. Notably, the perovskite nanowire arrays can be grown on flexible substrates by employing capillary condensation, which retains 83% of their properties after 2000 bending cycles. This research enhances the potential of perovskite nanowire arrays photodetector in practical applications.
The TLR7/9 adaptors TASL and TASL2 mediate IRF5-dependent antiviral responses and autoimmunity in mouse
Authors: Drobek Ales , Bernaleau Léa , Delacrétaz Maeva , Calderon Copete Sandra , Royer-Chardon Claire , Longepierre Mélissa , Monguió-Tortajada Marta , Korzeniowski Jakub , Rotman Samuel , Marquis Julien , Rebsamen Manuele
Published: January 2025

Endosomal nucleic acid sensing by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is central to antimicrobial immunity and several autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The innate immune adaptor TASL mediates, via the interaction with SLC15A4, the activation of IRF5 downstream of human TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9, but the pathophysiological functions of this axis remain unexplored. Here we show that SLC15A4 deficiency results in a selective block of TLR7/9-induced IRF5 activation, while loss of TASL leads to a strong but incomplete impairment, which depends on the cell type and TLR engaged. This residual IRF5 activity is ascribed to a previously uncharacterized paralogue, Gm6377, named here TASL2. Double knockout of TASL and TASL2 (TASLDKO) phenocopies SLC15A4-deficient feeble mice showing comparable impairment of innate and humoral responses. Consequently, TASLDKO mice fail to control chronic LCMV infection, while being protected in a pristane-induced SLE disease model. Our study thus demonstrates the critical pathophysiological role of SLC15A4 and TASL/TASL2 for TLR7/9-driven inflammatory responses, further supporting the therapeutic potential of targeting this complex in SLE and related diseases.
In-situ probing of the Fischer-Tropsch reaction on Co single crystal surfaces up to 1 bar
Authors: Lömker Patrick , Degerman David , Goodwin Christopher M. , Shipilin Mikhail , Amann Peter , Rodrigues Gabriel L. S. , Garcia-Martinez Fernando , Rameshan Raffael , Gladh Jörgen , Wang Hsin-Yi , Soldemo Markus , Holm Alexander , Tober Steffen , Schober Jan-Christian , Jacobse Leon , Vonk Vedran , Gleißner Robert , Noei Heshmat , Hegedues Zoltan , Stierle Andreas , Schlueter Christoph , Nilsson Anders
Published: January 2025

The surface chemistry of the Fischer-Tropsch catalytic reaction over Co has still several unknows. Here, we report an in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of Co

$$\left(0001\right)$$

0001

and Co(

$$10\bar{1}4$$

10

1

¯

4

), and in-situ high energy surface X-ray diffraction of Co

$$\left(0001\right),$$

0001

,

during the Fischer-Tropsch reaction at 0.15 bar - 1 bar and 406 K - 548 K in a H2/CO gas mixture. We find that these Co surfaces remain metallic under all conditions and that the coverage of chemisorbed species ranges from 0.4–1.7 monolayers depending on pressure and temperature. The adsorbates include CO on-top, C/-CxHy and various longer hydrocarbon molecules, indicating a rate-limiting direct CO dissociation pathway and that only hydrocarbon species participate in the chain growth. The accumulation of hydrocarbon species points to the termination step being rate-limiting also. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the intermediate surface species are highly dynamic, appearing and disappearing with time delays after rapid changes in the reactants’ composition.
Tradeoffs in automated financial regulation of decentralized finance due to limits on mutable turing machines
Authors: Charoenwong Ben , Kirby Robert M. , Reiter Jonathan
Published: January 2025

We examine which decentralized finance architectures enable meaningful regulation by combining financial and computational theory. We show via deduction that a decentralized and permissionless Turing-complete system cannot provably comply with regulations concerning anti-money laundering, know-your-client obligations, some securities restrictions and forms of exchange control. Any system that claims to follow regulations must choose either a form of permission or a less-than-Turing-complete update facility. Compliant decentralized systems can be constructed only by compromising on the richness of permissible changes. Regulatory authorities must accept new tradeoffs that limit their enforcement powers if they want to approve permissionless platforms formally. Our analysis demonstrates that the fundamental constraints of computation theory have direct implications for financial regulation. By mapping regulatory requirements onto computational models, we characterize which types of automated compliance are achievable and which are provably impossible. This framework allows us to move beyond traditional debates about regulatory effectiveness to establish concrete boundaries for automated enforcement.
Thermoelectric properties of a quantum dot attached to normal metal and topological superconductor
Authors: Trocha Piotr , Jonckheere Thibaut , Rech Jérôme , Martin Thierry
Published: January 2025

The thermoelectric properties of hybrid systems based on a single-level quantum dot coupled to a normal-metal/half-metallic lead and attached to a topological superconductor wire are investigated. The topological superconductor wire is modeled by a spinless p-wave superconductor which hosts both a Majorana bound state at its extremity and above gap quasiparticle excitations. The main interest of our investigation is to study the interplay of sub-gap and single-particle tunneling processes and their contributions to the thermoelectric response of the considered system. The above gap tunneling driven by a temperature gradient is responsible for relatively large thermopower, whereas sub-gap processes only indirectly influence the thermoelectric response. The thermoelectric coefficients, including electric conductance, Seebeck coefficient (thermopower), heat conductance, and figure of merit, are calculated by means of the non-equilibrium Green’s function technique and the temperature dependence of the superconducting gap is considered within the BCS theory. We also consider the system out of equilibrium working as a heat engine. The output power and the corresponding efficiency are presented. Interestingly, under certain conditions, it is possible to extract more power in the superconducting phase than in the normal phase, with comparable efficiency.
A study on the overall variance and void architecture on MEX-PLA tensile properties through printing parameter optimisation
Authors: Faizaan Mirza , Shenoy Baloor Satish , Nunna Srinivas , Mallya Ravindra , Rao Udupi Sathish , Ramanath Kini Chandrakant , Kada Sitarama Raju , Creighton Claudia
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the influence of printing parameters on the tensile properties and void architecture of poly(lactic) acid (PLA) parts fabricated using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique. Two Taguchi optimisation methods were employed to identify the optimal parameter combinations for maximising tensile performance. The results revealed a positive correlation between tensile performance and nozzle diameter (ND). Notably, the analysis of the coefficient of variance (COV) studies revealed that both tensile strength and modulus exhibited minimal variation within a tight range of 5.5%, suggesting a high degree of process consistency in achieving desired mechanical properties regardless of the chosen parameters within the investigated range. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis was used to quantify void characteristics within the as-printed samples. Micro-CT analysis confirmed the influence of ND and layer thickness (LT) on void architecture. By establishing structure–property relationships, the study revealed that larger NDs paired with finer LTs yielded superior tensile properties due to reduced void content. This work highlights the interplay between printing parameters, void architecture, and the resulting mechanical behaviour of MEX-based PLA parts.
Critical raw material-free multi-principal alloy design for a net-zero future
Authors: Singh Swati , Bai Mingwen , Matthews Allan , Goel Saurav , Joshi Shrikrishna N.
Published: January 2025

Refractory High-Entropy Alloys (RHEAs), such as NbMoTaW, MoNbTaVW, HfNbTaZr, Re0.1Hf0.25NbTaW0.4, Nb40Ti25Al15V10Ta5Hf3W2, Ti

x

NbMoTaW (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1), and 3d transition metal HEAs such as Al10.3Co17Cr7.5Fe9Ni48.6Ti5.8Ta0.6Mo0.8W0.4 have demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional superalloys, particularly in high-temperature applications for engine components. However, the development of these alloys often depends on critical raw materials (CRMs) such as Ta, W, Nb, Hf, and others. The reliance on critical raw materials (CRMs) not only generates substantial emissions during recycling processes but also imposes considerable risks across global supply chains, hindering the pursuit of Net-zero ambitions. In this pioneering work, we unveil an inventive approach to inversely predict novel multicomponent alloy compositions, meticulously crafted to eliminate CRMs while achieving hardness levels comparable to those of CRM-containing multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs). A robust machine learning (ML) model was developed using a computational database of 3,608 entries, covering unary and binary materials from the Thermo-Calc 2024a software. Among various ML models, the Extra Trees Regressor (ETR) exhibited superior performance and was integrated with metaheuristic optimization techniques to identify novel MPEA compositions. The Cuckoo Search Optimization (CSO) method produced reduced-CRM MPEAs that closely matched Thermo-Calc predictions, with an error margin below ± 20%. To assess the efficacy of these reduced-CRM MPEAs, we compared the hardness of newly synthesized MPEA with CRM-containing counterparts reported in the literature, particularly those with high-risk critical raw materials like Niobium (Nb) and Tantalum (Ta). For example, the CoCrFeNb0.309Ni alloy, which includes CRMs Nb and Co exhibits a Vickers hardness of 480 HV. In contrast, our proposed composition, Ti0.01111NiFe0.4Cu0.4 achieves a comparable hardness of 488 HV without using a CRM. Our objective was not to develop high hardness alloy but to facilitate the development of reduced-CRM multi-principal element alloys (R-CRM-MPEAs). We validated our computational approach through the experimental synthesis of an FCC-phase alloy, Al6.25Cu18.75Fe25Co25Ni25. Thermo-Calc evaluation and ML model predictions of the Vickers hardness showed excellent agreement with the experimental hardness values, which lends credence to our approach. In conclusion, this study provides a robust framework for accelerating the discovery of novel R-CRM-MPEAs, effectively addressing challenges related to supply chain vulnerabilities, import dependence, and related environmental concerns.
Acoustic lattice resonances and generalised Rayleigh–Bloch waves
Authors: Chaplain G. J. , Hawkins S. C. , Peter M. A. , Bennetts L. G. , Starkey T. A.
Published: January 2025

The intrigue of waves on periodic lattices and gratings has resonated with physicists and mathematicians alike for decades. In-depth analysis has been devoted to the seemingly simplest array system: a one-dimensionally periodic lattice of two-dimensional scatterers embedded in a dispersionless medium governed by the Helmholtz equation. We investigate such a system and experimentally confirm the existence of a new class of generalised Rayleigh–Bloch waves that have been recently theorised to exist in classical wave regimes, without the need for resonant scatterers. Airborne acoustics serves as such a regime and we experimentally observe the first generalised Rayleigh–Bloch waves above the first cut-off, i.e., in the radiative regime. We consider radiative acoustic lattice resonances along a diffraction grating and connect them to generalised Rayleigh–Bloch waves by considering both short and long arrays of non-resonant 2D cylindrical Neumann scatterers embedded in air. On short arrays, we observe finite lattice resonances under continuous wave excitation, and on long arrays, we observe propagating Rayleigh–Bloch waves under pulsed excitation. We interpret their existence by considering multiple wave scattering theory and, in doing so, unify differing nomenclatures used to describe waves on infinite periodic and finite arrays and the interpretation of their dispersive properties.
Astrocyte-to-neuron H2O2 signalling supports long-term memory formation in Drosophila and is impaired in an Alzheimer’s disease model
Authors: Rabah Yasmine , Berwick Jean-Paul , Sagar Nisrine , Pasquer Laure , Plaçais Pierre-Yves , Preat Thomas
Published: January 2025

Astrocytes help protect neurons from potential damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). While ROS can also exert beneficial effects, it remains unknown how neuronal ROS signalling is activated during memory formation, and whether astrocytes play a role in this process. Here we discover an astrocyte-to-neuron H2O2 signalling cascade in Drosophila that is essential for long-term memory formation. Stimulation of astrocytes by acetylcholine induces an increase in intracellular calcium ions, which triggers the generation of extracellular superoxide (O2•–) by astrocytic NADPH oxidase. Astrocyte-secreted superoxide dismutase 3 (Sod3) converts O2•– to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is imported into neurons of the olfactory memory centre, the mushroom body, as revealed by in vivo H2O2 imaging. Notably, Sod3 activity requires copper ions, which are supplied by neuronal amyloid precursor protein. We also find that human amyloid-β peptide, implicated in Alzheimer’s disease, inhibits the nAChRα7 astrocytic cholinergic receptor and impairs memory formation by preventing H2O2 synthesis. These findings may have important implications for understanding the aetiology of Alzheimer’s disease.
Electrochemical immunosensor for Bacillus anthracis PA toxin using a polypyrrole-gold nanoparticle/multiwall carbon nanotube sensing platform and cadmium sulphide nanocrystal signal tag
Authors: Singh Diksha , Raviraju G. , Gupta Manish , Upadhyay Sanjay , Goel Ajay Kumar , Sharma Mukesh Kumar
Published: January 2025

A sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor based on semiconductor nanocrystals and nanocomposites was designed for detection of B. anthracis PA toxin, a causative agent of anthrax.
Analyzing the effect of different storage times and different processes on the volatile components in Shenling Baizhu powder by HS-GC-IMS combined with multivariate statistics
Authors: Wang Mei , Feng Lile , Li Jinglin , Xue Hui , Cui Chunli , Zhang Xiaofei , Zou Junbo , Guo Dongyan , Shi Yajun
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to examine the effect of different storage times on the volatile components of Shenling Baizhu powder across different preparation processes (Pharmacopoeia, ultra-micro pulverization–pulverization, and microparticle design methods).
Feasibility study on fingerprinting organic and conventional mango fruits, chips, and juice using portable near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Lamptey Francis Padi , Teye Ernest , Kaburi Sandra Ama , Odoi-Yorke Flavio , Amuah Charles Lloyd Yeboah , Abano Ernest Ekow , Otoo Gifty Serwaa
Published: January 2025

This research examined the distinction between organic and conventional mango fruits, chips, and juice using portable near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy.
Enhancing mass analysis of ultra-high molecular weight polystyrene: a comparative study of copper and silver salts with MALDI mass spectrometry
Authors: Patil Avinash A. , Lại Thị Khánh Ly , Lee Ching-Chieh , Chiu Yi-Pang , Liu Zhe-Xuan , Lin Che-Jen , Peng Wen-Ping
Published: January 2025

Both copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) salts can generate ultra-high molecular weight polystyrene ions with masses up to two million daltons using DCTB matrix, but Cu salts can also modulate the charge state of ions.
Aggregation suppression and enhanced blue emission of perylene in zinc-based coordination polymer glass
Authors: Lee Jaeho , Xie Zixi , Huang Wengang , Chai Milton , Li Xuemei , Chan Bun , Cheng Huiyuan , He Dongxu , Han EQ , Chen Yuelei , Chen Vicki , Wang Lianzhou , Hou Jingwei
Published: January 2025

Blue emitting zinc based coordination polymer glass: successfully suppressing aggregation caused quenching (ACQ) of solid-state perylene within a glass matrix.
Building blocks for nanophotonic devices and metamaterials
Authors: Shultz Natalie , McLeod Euan
Published: January 2025

To create 3D arrangements of multiple materials in complex geometries, recent work within our lab has pursued the efficient and accurate modeling of nanoparticles and the assembly of micro- and nanostructures using optical tweezers.
Hydrogermylation of alkynes via metal–ligand cooperative catalysis
Authors: Humbert Marceline , Clerc Arnaud , Miqueu Karinne , Monot Julien , Martin-Vaca Blanca , Bourissou Didier
Published: January 2025

Pd/S cooperative activation and catalytic transfer of Et3GeH.
In situ gel pyrolysis-derived efficient self-supporting foldable electrodes for zinc–air batteries
Authors: Lin Liguang , Chen Wanbo , Zhang Wen , Li Dong , Wang Li , Li Genhang , Fu Feiyan , Wang Zhengbang , Zhou Yangyang , Tao Li
Published: January 2025

N-doped carbon nanotube-coated cobalt particles on carbon cloth was prepared by blade-coating a MOF gel onto raw carbon cloth, and after pyrolysis, offering self-supporting foldable electrodes for rechargeable solid flexible Zn–air batteries.
Correction: C–H functionalization of tetramethylsilane employing a borylnitrene
Authors: Müller Matthias , Maichle-Mössmer Cäcilia , Bettinger Holger F.
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘C–H functionalization of tetramethylsilane employing a borylnitrene’ by Matthias Müller et al., Chem. Commun., 2013, 49, 11773–11775, https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CC47753C.
Reaction and interaction dynamics of azobenzene-tethered DNA with T7 RNA polymerase
Authors: Takekawa Gennosuke , Nakasone Yusuke , Kamiya Yukiko , Asanuma Hiroyuki , Terazima Masahide
Published: January 2025

Reaction and interaction dynamics of azobenzene-tethered DNA with T7 RNA polymerase were studied after photoisomerization of azobenzene from the cis- to trans-forms using the transient grating and time-resolved fluorescence polarization techniques.
Isomerisation of phosphabutyne and a photochemical route to phosphabutadiyne (HC3P), a phosphorus analogue of cyanoacetylene
Authors: Lawzer Arun-Libertsen , Ganesan Elavenil , Custer Thomas , Guillemin Jean-Claude , Kołos Robert
Published: January 2025

The photochemical reactions of phosphabutyne were studied in an argon matrix using infrared spectroscopy. Upon UV irradiation, the molecule underwent transformations, leading to the formation of several unsaturated phosphorus-containing compounds.
Experimental unified pH scale in 1,2-dichloroethane
Authors: Samin John Paulo , Heering Agnes , Saame Jaan , Kütt Agnes , Leito Ivo
Published: January 2025

This study presents the first successful measurement of unified pH (pHabs) of solutions in low-polarity solvent, 1,2-dichloroethane using differential potentiometry.
Advancing band structure simulations of complex systems of C, Si and SiC: a machine learning driven density functional tight-binding approach
Authors: Fan Guozheng , Jing Yu , Frauenheim Thomas
Published: January 2025

Machine learning driven density functional tight-binding approach enables the efficient description of electronic band structure of complex systems with DFT-HSE accuracy.
Design and catalytic performance investigation of the Ni–N–C catalyst for CO2RR: a theoretical study
Authors: Sun Yiming , Wang Xiaoyu , Wu Zhuofan , Liu Anmin , Ren Xuefeng
Published: January 2025

Ni–N–C catalysts for CO2RR with different coordination environments of Ni were designed through quantum chemical calculations.
Antiproliferative activity of a series of copper(ii) complexes derived from a furan-containing N-acylhydrazone: monomers, dimers, charge status, and cell mechanistic studies on triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Espindola-Moreno Olivia , da Silva Moura Fagner , Santa Maria de la Parra Lucía , Stellet Carolina , Serna Jilder D. P. , Diniz Renata , Rey Nicolás A. , León Ignacio E.
Published: January 2025

In this work, we evaluated the anticancer activity of compounds 1 (mononuclear) and 2 (dinuclear) copper(ii) coordination compounds over MDA-MB-231 cells, and compared their activities with that of a newly, protonated, dinuclear analogue of 2 (3).
Emissions from agricultural fires in India: field measurements of climate relevant aerosol chemical and optical properties
Authors: Kapoor Taveen Singh , Anurag Gupta , Navinya Chimurkar , Lonkar Saurabh , Yadav Kajal , Raman Ramya Sunder , Venkataraman Chandra , Phuleria Harish C.
Published: January 2025

Emission measurements from agricultural residue burning in India reveal strongly absorbing aerosol emissions with warming potentials larger than those previously estimated.
Fewer temperature ties: scalable integration and broad selection of phase change materials for both heating and cooling
Authors: Kou Xiaoxue , Jiang Jiatong , Xie Baoshan , Shan He , Poredoš Primož , Wang Ruzhu
Published: January 2025

The change of seasons necessitates alternate heating and cooling systems, which are indispensable for nearly a third of the global population.
Phenotypic profiling reveals polystyrene nanoplastics elicit sublethal and lethal effects on cellular morphology in rainbow trout gill epithelial cells
Authors: Diaz Lissett G. , Klaper Rebecca
Published: January 2025

This work uses image-based profiling techniques to assess the environmental impacts of nanoplastics in fish gill cells at sublethal concentrations.
Vacancy-engineered bismuth vanadate for photoelectrocatalytic glycerol oxidation with simultaneous hydrogen production
Authors: Sun Haoyue , Tang Rui , Wang Lizhuo , Liang Yuhang , Yang Wenjie , Lin Zhisheng , Zhang Xingmo , Chen Kaijuan , Liang Weibin , Zhao Shenlong , Zheng Rongkun , Huang Jun
Published: January 2025

A defect-engineered BiVO4 catalyst with oxygen vacancies on an SnO2 skeleton enhances charge separation, light absorption, and glycerol activation, enabling efficient DHA production under neutral PEC conditions for sustainable biomass valorization.
γ-Linolenic acid derived from Lactobacillus plantarum MM89 induces ferroptosis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhang Yijie , Dai Mengmeng , Qiu Cheng , Sun Qinsheng , Fan Tingting , Guo Yuan , Zhao Liqing , Jiang Yuyang
Published: January 2025

Lipid metabolism is crucial for cancer cell survival. γ-Linolenic acid derived from L. plantarum MM89 disrupts mitochondrial function to induce ferroptosis, thereby aiding tumor inhibition.
Harnessing dipolar microenvironment engineering of PTSA for alkenylation of indole in butyl acetate
Authors: Wang Zijian , Li Minghao , Gu Yanlong
Published: January 2025

The direct microenvironment modification of PTSA was achieved by addition of a dipolar hyper-crosslinked polymer, which not only enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity but also facilitated the use of butyl acetateas reaction medium.
An emergency radiobioassay method for Pu, Am and Cm isotopes in urine samples using tandem quadrupole ICP-MS
Authors: Wu Yang , Dai Xiongxin , Luo Maoyi , Guo Hongmei , Yuan Ni , Yang Yonggang , He Jingjing , Guo Yuanyuan
Published: January 2025

The rapid bioassay method for measuring actinides in human urine samples using ICP-MS/MS is suitable for the assessment of internal exposure doses in radiological and nuclear emergencies.
Virus-based enzymatic nanoreactors with acid alpha-glucosidase for the potential treatment of Pompe disease
Authors: Molina-Solís Jordan , Gama Pedro , Chauhan Kanchan , Rodríguez-Hernández Ana G. , Vazquez-Duhalt Rafael
Published: January 2025

Enzyme replacement therapy for Pompe disease using virus-based enzymatic nanoreactors. Acid α-glucosidase was encapsulated inside the capsid from BMV virus. The nanoreactors protect the cargo, and their functionalization induces specific targeting.
Aspirin vs. ibuprofen: unveiling the distinct cyclooxygenase-1/2 behaviour and dual efficacy of their synthesized analogues via molecular modeling and in vitro biological assessment
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Rehman Hafiz Muzzammel , Mishra Vipin Kumar , Kaur Gurmeet , Kaur Mandeep , Okla Mohammad K. , Shah Masaud , Bansal Manisha
Published: January 2025

Aspirin, ibuprofen, and salicylic acid derivatives were synthesized to achieve appropriate COX-1/COX-2 selectivity, with the findings supported by molecular modeling and in vitro studies.
X-ray crystallographic and kinetic studies of biguanide containing aryl sulfonamides as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Authors: Baroni Chiara , Bozdag Murat , Renzi Gioele , De Luca Viviana , Capasso Clemente , Bazzicalupi Carla , Selleri Silvia , Ferraroni Marta , Carta Fabrizio , Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: January 2025

Dual-targeting carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors bearing the biguanide group of metformin showed good selectivity against the cancer related CA IX and XII. The X-ray structures of two selected inhibitor complexes with hCA II and XII were solved.
Molecular analysis and design using generative artificial intelligence via multi-agent modeling
Authors: Stewart Isabella , Buehler Markus J.
Published: January 2025

We report the use of a multiagent generative artificial intelligence framework, the X-LoRA-Gemma large language model (LLM), to analyze, design and test molecular design.
Towards scalable memristive hardware for spiking neural networks
Authors: Chen Peng , Zhang Bihua , He Enhui , Xiao Yu , Liu Fenghao , Lin Peng , Wang Zhongrui , Pan Gang
Published: January 2025

This review provides a systematic review and perspective of the challenges and opportunities in scaling memristive hardware for spiking neural networks (SNNs), focusing on device innovations, system integration, and algorithm-hardware co-design.
Access to enzyme@porous organic framework biocomposites based on mechanochemical synthesis
Authors: Chen Qing , Li Zhi-Wei , Huang Siming , Chen Guosheng , Ouyang Gangfeng
Published: January 2025

This review introduces the recent advances of enzyme@porous organic framework biocomposites by green mechanochemical approaches, with emphasis on the synthesis methodologies and their advantages compared to traditional liquid-phase methods.
Insights into energy and environmental sustainability through photoactive graphene-based advanced materials: perspectives and promises
Authors: Adfar Qazi , Hussain Shokat , Maktedar Shrikant S.
Published: January 2025

Unlocking sustainability with photoactive graphene-based advanced materials for clean energy and environment for our present and posterity. Green solutions aiming at scalability, stability, and cost effectiveness are provided herein.
Adsorption of ammonium nitrogen in water by modified bentonite compounded with carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Hu Yuhan , Li Renjing , Lu Shanshan , Zhu Qi
Published: January 2025

Modified bentonite compounded with carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin maintained a good ability to adsorb ammonium nitrogen at low temperature.
1,3,5-Triazine group-directed Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H alkylation of indoles with maleimides
Authors: Han Fuzhong , Chai Lin , Jia Lina , Hu Xiangping
Published: January 2025

It is an attractive topic to discuss rhodium(iii)-catalyzed C2-selective C–H alkylation of indoles with maleimides using 1,3,5-triazine as a directing group (DG).
Changing the amyloid nucleation process using small molecules and substrates: a way to build two-dimensional materials
Authors: Chen Chao , Wu Chenyang , Yang Tiantian , Zhao Wenhui , Lei Jiangtao , Lin Dongdong
Published: January 2025

The assembly of two-dimensional (2D) peptide materials on substrates with the control of FG small molecules