bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Regional Scale Evaluation of Conservation Status of Orchid Species Recorded in The Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey
Authors: Sandal Erzurumlu Gülden , Yılmaz Kemal Tuluhan , Söğüt Zerrin
Published: October 2017

In this study, the threat categories of locally endangered orchid species were sampled over an area of covering 187 km2 in Mersin, Adana, Hatay and Kahramanmaraş provinces of Turkey. Periodic observations were carried out in 44 sampling plots specified within three bioclimatic belts, namely the Mediterranean-montane, the sub-Mediterranean and the Mediterranean. 34 orchid species were identified under the genera of Cephalanthera (L.), Comperia (Steven.), Dactylorhiza, Epipactis (L.), Himantaglossum (Boiss.), Limodorum (L.) Ophrys, Orchisand Serapias (Burm.fil). The results revealed that six orchid species were growing in the Mediterranean-montane zone, 20 species in the sub-Mediterranean zone and 23 species in the Mediterranean zone. According to the resources of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) the threat categories were reported for only 12 out of 13 species. Local threat categories of this study showed some differences when IUCN data were considered. 34 orchid species identified in this study and 12 species were evaluated under Critically Endangered (CR) threat category. It was found that 11, 7, 2 and 2 species were under EN, VU, NT and LC respectively. Therefore, Orchid species sampled from the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey have been categorized on the basis of the threat categories identified by the IUCN.
Marcas da colonização da língua oral na educação dos surdos no Brasil: uma questão de preconceito?
Authors: Garé Ruth Maria Rodrigues , Mascia Márcia Aparecida Amador
Published: October 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a relação da escrita como marca da colonização da língua oral, problematizando se a exigência do domínio de uma escrita normativa do português para os surdos converge ou não para um preconceito linguístico. Ao se desprezar o texto escrito na gramática da Língua de Sinais, a escritura, enquanto, modo de constituição do sujeito pela linguagem, é deixada de lado. Pretende-se empreender uma pesquisa bibliográfica, que tomará como pano de fundo os escritos de Bagno (2011) e Foucault (2010) em especial, para provocar uma reflexão em torno da questão da alteridade na educação dos surdos.
The Relationship of Motivation and Job Satisfaction of School Principal at the State Junior High School in Karawang Regency
Authors: Herlina Herlina , Mayasari Linda Ika , Desi Sukma
Published: October 2017

The objective of this research was to determine the Relationship between Motivation and Job Satisfaction of Principal at The State Junior School in Karawang. In doing the research, it has been conducted by using quantitative approach with the method of survey and corelational technique. The data were collected through participant observation using survey by questionnaires. The data analysis using simple correlation and simple linear regression. The target population size of this research is 85 of Principal. Research samples selected as many as 57 principals using simple random sampling technique. Based on this research of data obtained the following conclusions: The motivation has positive relationship to job satisfaction, the job satisfaction can be improved by increasing the motivation.
Part-Time Job and Students’ Academic Achievement
Authors: Muluk Safrul
Published: October 2017

Part-time jobs have been considered as one of the factors influencing student’ academic achievement. This paper examines the students of English Department, at the Faculty of Teaching and Teacher Training, Ar-Raniry State Islamic University (UIN), Banda Aceh, Indonesia, undertaking part-time job outside campus. Effects of employment on students’ academic achievement are investigated. A qualitative approach is utilized to analyze the impact of part-time job on students’ academic achievement. Thirty (30) students were purposively chosen as the samples of this study. Students’ academic result in the form GPA, the amount of time spent on part-time job, as well as types of jobs the students involve in are scrutinized to see the relation between part-time jobs and their academic result. The result of the study indicates that despite the time spent on part-time job, students’ GPA are above average. However, in some cases, the time required to finish their studies is longer than those who do not have part-time jobs.
The Challenges of Higher Education in Growing Dialogue Culture and Understanding Cultural Pluralism
Authors: Obasa Desmond , Adebule Jumoke
Published: October 2017

The contemporary world is increasingly multicultural and the identity crisis resulting from this sometimes threatens sustainable human development. Nigeria is a plural society in terms of its multi-ethnic and multi-religious nature. Of all the federal democracies in the world, only India can match Nigeria’s cultural complexity. If well managed, this factor of unity in diversity would have been a major asset to the Nigerian state, but the contrary is the case. Nigeria’s cultural diversity is politicized and exploited by the elite in such a way that retards the nation’s growth and progress. This makes the promotion of understanding and dialogue to be a prime issue in the management of multiculturalism, global peace and security. This paper attempts to answer these questions by taking a critical look at the situations in Nigeria – one of the most culturally-complex countries in the world. The paper is divided into three parts. In the last part, which is actually the fulcrum of the presentation, the point is made that these challenges notwithstanding; the Nigerian universities still manage to make some outstanding contributions in the direction of promoting dialogue among the contending forces in the country. The Nigerian case study is internationally instructive.
cover belakang
Authors: Jitek Author
Published: October 2017

cover belakang
susunan tim editor
Authors: Jitek Author
Published: October 2017

susunan tim editor
Sebuah Kajian Etik: Bolehkah Dokter Spesialis Obstetri dan Ginekologi Melakukan Tindakan Sesar Berdasarkan Permintaan Pasien Tanpa Indikasi Obstektrik yang Nyata?
Authors: Sukarya Wawang , Mohammad Baharuddin , Yunizaf Yunizaf
Published: October 2017

Kebanggaan memiliki anak bertanggal ulang tahun unik dan berbagai alasan lainnya mendorong ibu untuk membuat permintaan prosedur persalinan sesar pada tanggal tertentu, meskipun cara persalinan pervaginam masih mampu laksana tanpa penyulit yang signifikan. Hal ini menggiring diskusi untuk menjawab dilema etik dokter dalam menanggapi permohonan pasien yang tidak disertai indikasi medis tersebut. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan untuk menganalisis risiko dan manfaat sebagai acuan penilaian etik atas prosedur persalinan sesar terencana. Menurut UU Praktik Kedokteran, pasien berhak atas pilihan pengobatan, mendapatkan penjelasan atas tindakan medik, dan menolak tindakan medis pada dirinya. Dalam kode etik Perkumpulan Obstetri Dan Ginekologi Indonesia (POGI) revisi 2012, tindakan bedah sesar atas permintaan pasien tidak melanggar etik selama telah dilakukan informed consent khusus dan usia kehamilan sudah 39 minggu saat operasi sesar dilakukan.
Tinjauan Etika Penggunaan Media Sosial oleh Dokter
Authors: Prawiroharjo Pukovisa , Libritany Nurfanida
Published: October 2017

Penggunaan media sosial memberikan banyak manfaat bagi profesi dokter, antara lain memperluas jaringan profesi, membantu proses pendidikan profesi, mempermudah promosi fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dan promosi kesehatan. Namun, penggunaan media sosial yang tidak bijaksana dapat menjadi menimbulkan masalah etik yang merusak reputasi profesi dokter. Masalah etik yang timbul akibat penggunaan media sosial oleh dokter umumnya disebabkan karena pelanggaran privasi pasien, ketidakjelasan batas hubungan antara dokter dengan pasien, pencemaran reputasi profesi, kualitas dan tingkat kepercayaan informasi yang kurang terjamin, serta pelanggaran aspek hukum. Mengingat kompleksitas masalah dan belum adanya aturan yang jelas di Indonesia tentang penggunaan media sosial oleh dokter, diperlukan kajian etik khusus untuk menyusun panduan penggunaan media sosial, baik untuk aktivitas personal maupun keperluan profesi dokter.
TOTAL PHENOL CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MOSSES FROM YENICE FOREST (IDA MOUNTAIN)
Authors: ASLANBABA Burcu , YILMAZ Selehattin , Yayintas Ozlem , OZYURT Dilek , DEMİRATA Birsen
Published: October 2017

Recent pharmacological investigations of bryophytes have proven that the active principles present in these plants are quite unique and having potential chemical application and antioxidant capacity.  In this study, the volatile components in extracts from Thuidium tamariscinum (Hedw.) Schimp. and Platyhypnidium riparioides (Hedw.) Dixon, Kazdağları (Kalkim-Yenice, Çanakkale, Turkey) were isolated by solid phase micro extraction technique and identified by mass selective detector gas chromatography (GC-MS). Antioxidant capacities of these species were determined by CERAC and CUPRAC methods and phenolic contents by Folin-Ciocalteu method.
THE DETERMINATION OF NH4+ CATION AND Al METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN WATER OF SWIMMING POOLS IN CENTER OF CANAKKALE, TURKEY
Authors: UYSAL Tolga , YILMAZ Selehattin , SADIKOGLU Murat , TURKOGLU Muhammet
Published: October 2017

In current study, NH4+ cation and Al metal concentrations in summer period were determined by ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometric technique in the total 6 swimming pools found in the province  of Canakkale (Turkey). Merck Kits equivalent to EPA, APHA, ISO and DIN standards were used in spectrometric analyses. The monthly quality parameter results in this study were evaluated according to various limit standard values of different countries. As a result, NH4+ cation and Al metal concentrations varied between 0.003 and 0.999 mg L-1 (0.073±0.139 mg L-1), 0 and 0.652 mg L-1 (0.141±0.068 mg L-1)  respectively.
IDEAL CONVERGENCE OF DOUBLE INTERVAL VALUED NUMBERS DEFINED BY ORLICZ FUNCTION
Authors: ESI Ayhan , HAZARIKA Bipan
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we introduce some ideal convergent double interval valued numbers sequence spaces defined by Orlicz function and study different properties of these spaces like completeness, solidity, etc. We establish some inclusion relations among them.
Validity of the Fitbit One for Measuring Activity in Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors
Authors: Hui Jonathan , Heyden Richard , Bao Tim , Accettone Nicholas , McBay Catherine , Richardson Julie , Tang Ada
Published: October 2017

Purpose: We determined the correlation between the Fitbit One and Actical accelerometer for quantifying the 3-day step count and activity levels in community-dwelling individuals with stroke. Method: Twelve participants with a mean age of 62.6 (SD 9.3) years wore both the Fitbit One and the Actical on the non-paretic ankle for 3 days. Regression analyses were performed to examine concurrent validity between the devices for step counts and sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous activity. The relative error of the Fitbit One compared with the Actical in measuring step count was calculated. Results: Participants spent about 80% of their days being sedentary. The associations between the Fitbit One and the Actical were r>0.80 for step count and light-intensity activity across the 3 days of free-living activity. The overall relative error in measuring step count was 3.8%, with differences between those with walking speeds of less than 0.58 metres per second and 0.58 metres per second or more (27.4% [SD 34.2] vs. –8.0% [SD 10.7], p<0.001). Conclusions: The Fitbit One was associated with the Actical accelerometer in measuring step count and light-intensity activity during free-living activity after stroke, but had lower error in capturing step count for those with faster walking speeds. The Fitbit One may not be valid for capturing higher intensity activity after stroke.
An Overview of Recent Findings on Social Anxiety Disorder in Adolescents and Young Adults at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
Authors: Pontillo Maria , Guerrera Silvia , Santonastaso Ornella , Tata Maria Cristina , Averna Roberto , Vicari Stefano , Armando Marco
Published: October 2017

Background: Some studies have shown that anxiety is particularly frequent in the Clinical High Risk (CHR) for psychosis population. Notably, social anxiety disorder is identified as one of the most common anxiety disorders in CHR adolescents and young adults. Despite this, the frequency and the clinical significance of social anxiety in this population have been underestimated. Methods: A selective review of literature published between 2011 and 2017 on social anxiety disorder in CHR adolescents and young adults. Results: Five studies are included. In particular, three studies demonstrated that CHR adolescents and young adults have higher levels of anxiety compared to controls. Furthermore, anxiety, including social anxiety, is related to the severity of psychotic symptoms. The other studies included show inconsistent results regarding the possible relationship between social anxiety and social functioning. Conclusions: To date, the eidence concerning the comorbidity of social anxiety disorder and CHR in adolescents and young adults is not sufficient to provide clear guidelines for clinical practice. Future longitudinal studies on larger samples of the CHR adolescents and young adults are required to examine the relationship between social anxiety disorder and the presence of attenuated psychotic symptomatology.
Hydrodynamics of a Granular Gas in a Heterogeneous Environment
Authors: Vega Reyes Francisco , Lasanta Antonio
Published: October 2017

We analyze the transport properties of a low density ensemble of identical macroscopic particles immersed in an active fluid. The particles are modeled as inelastic hard spheres (granular gas). The non-homogeneous active fluid is modeled by means of a non-uniform stochastic thermostat. The theoretical results are validated with a numerical solution of the corresponding the kinetic equation (direct simulation Monte Carlo method). We show a steady flow in the system that is accurately described by Navier-Stokes (NS) hydrodynamics, even for high inelasticity. Surprisingly, we find that the deviations from NS hydrodynamics for this flow are stronger as the inelasticity decreases. The active fluid action is modeled here with a non-uniform fluctuating volume force. This is a relevant result given that hydrodynamics of particles in complex environments, such as biological crowded environments, is still a question under intense debate.
Revising the Static Geological Reservoir Model of the Upper Triassic Stuttgart Formation at the Ketzin Pilot Site for CO2 Storage by Integrated Inverse Modelling
Authors: Kempka Thomas , Norden Ben , Ivanova Alexandra , Lüth Stefan
Published: October 2017

The Ketzin pilot site for CO 2 storage in Germany has been operated from 2007 to 2013 with about 67 kt of CO 2 injected into the Upper Triassic Stuttgart Formation. Main objectives of this undertaking were assessing general feasibility of CO 2 storage in saline aquifers as well as testing and integrating efficient monitoring and long-term prediction strategies. The present study aims at revising the latest static geological reservoir model of the Stuttgart Formation by applying an integrated inverse modelling approach. Observation data considered for this purpose include bottomhole pressures recorded during hydraulic testing and almost five years of CO 2 injection as well as gaseous CO 2 contours derived from 3D seismic repeat surveys carried out in 2009 and 2012. Inverse modelling results show a remarkably good agreement with the hydraulic testing and CO 2 injection bottomhole pressures (R 2 = 0.972), while spatial distribution and thickness of the gaseous CO 2 derived from 3D seismic interpretation exhibit a generally good agreement with the simulation results (R 2 = 0.699 to 0.729). The present study successfully demonstrates how the integrated inverse modelling approach, applied for effective permeability calibration in a geological model here, can substantially reduce parameter uncertainty.
Multi-Variable Optimization of Building Thermal Design Using Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Ferdyn-Grygierek Joanna , Grygierek Krzysztof
Published: October 2017

The building sector is one of the largest energy consumers in the world, comprising about 40% of the total energy consumption in numerous countries. Early design decisions have a significant impact on the energy performance of buildings. The paper presents the multi-variable optimization of the selected design parameters in a single-family building in temperate climate conditions. The influence of four types of windows, their size, building orientation, insulation of external wall, roof and ground floor and infiltration on the life cycle costs (LCC) is analyzed. Optimal selection of the design parameters is carried out using genetic algorithms by coupling the building performance simulation program EnergyPlus with optimization environment. The simulations were conducted for seven optimization cases. The analysis is performed for two variants of a building with heating and cooling systems and with a heating system only. Depending on the analyzed case, the life cycle costs decreased from 7% to 34% LCC value of the reference building. In the case of temperate climate, the building optimization (in terms of heat demand only) substantially reduces the heating costs, yet the summer thermal comfort conditions deteriorate significantly.
The Prevalence and Characteristics of E-Cigarette Users in the U.S.
Authors: Levy David , Yuan Zhe , Li Yameng
Published: October 2017

Studies have examined the characteristics of individuals who use e-cigarettes, including sociodemographic and smoking characteristics, and the relationship of e-cigarette use to tobacco control policies. While most studies consider a subset of these characteristics with weak measures of regular e-cigarette use, this study uses a large, recent U.S. survey to simultaneously consider the association of each of these factors with different use measures. Data from the May 2014 Tobacco Use Supplement-Current Population Survey is supplemented with information on tobacco control policies. The prevalence of ever, current (at least 1 of the last 30 days), and regular (at least 20 of the last 30 days) e-cigarette use were 7.7%, 2.1% and 0.9%, implying that 27.0% of ever users were current users of which 45.3% were regular users. E-cigarette use varied by socio-demographic characteristics and by smoking status, and depended on the measure of use adopted. However, regardless of measures, e-cigarette use was higher among those smokers who smoked more cigarettes. The association with policies was generally weak, but we found more regular use by smokers in low tax and low tobacco control spending states. The results indicate that the user characteristics differ depending on the e-cigarette use measure. The measure of use should be carefully considered in analyzing how e-cigarette use affects cigarette use.
Socioeconomic Differences and Trends in the Place of Death among Elderly People in China
Authors: Cai Jiaoli , Zhao Hongzhong , Coyte Peter
Published: October 2017

China is facing a dramatic aging of its population. Little is known about the factors that influence the place of death and the trends in the place of death for elderly people in China. The purposes of this study were: (1) to examine the impact of the socioeconomic status (SES) on place of death for elderly Chinese residents; and (2) to assess temporal trends in the place of death over the last 15 years. Data were derived from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) (1998–2012). Place-of-death as an outcome was dichotomized into either death at home or death outside the home. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the impact of SES on place of death. The results showed that, of the 23,098 deaths during the study period, 87.78% occurred at home. The overall trend in home death has increased since 2005. SES was shown to be an important factor affecting place of death. The elderly with higher SES were more likely to die where health resources were concentrated, i.e., in a hospital or other type of institution. Our finding suggests that the trend towards a greater emphasis on death at home may call for the development of more supportive home care programs in China. Our finding also suggests that the socioeconomic differences in the place of death may be related to the availability of or access to health care services.
Adsorption Removal of 17β-Estradiol from Water by Rice Straw-Derived Biochar with Special Attention to Pyrolysis Temperature and Background Chemistry
Authors: Wang Xiaohua , Liu Ni , Liu Yunguo , Jiang Luhua , Zeng Guangming , Tan Xiaofei , Liu Shaobo , Yin Zhihong , Tian Sirong , Li Jiang
Published: October 2017

Rice straw biochar that produced at three pyrolysis temperatures (400, 500 and 600 °C) were used to investigate the adsorption properties of 17β-estradiol (E2). The biochar samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis and BET surface area measurements. The influences of pyrolysis temperature, E2 concentration, pH, ionic strength, background electrolyte and humic acid were studied. Kinetic and isotherm results illustrated that the adsorption process could be well described by pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models. Experimental results showed that ionic strength had less influence on the adsorption of E2 by 500 and 600 °C rice straw biochar. Further, multivalent ions had positive impact on E2 removal than monovalent ions and the influence of the pyrolysis temperature was unremarkable when background electrolyte existed in solutions. The adsorption capacity of E2 decreased with the pH ranged from 3.0 to 12.0 and the humic acid concentration from 2 to 10 mg L–1. Electrostatic attractions and π-π interaction were involved in the adsorption mechanisms. Compared to low-temperature biochar, high-temperature biochar exhibited a better adsorption capacity for E2 in aqueous solution, indicated it had a greater potential for E2 pollution control.
The Role of the Social Network in Access to Psychosocial Services for Migrant Elderly—A Qualitative Study
Authors: Schoenmakers Daphne , Lamkaddem Majda , Suurmond Jeanine
Published: October 2017

Abstract: Background: Despite high prevalence of mental problems among elderly migrants in The Netherlands, the use of psychosocial care services by this group is low. Scientific evidence points at the crucial role of social support for mental health and the use of psychosocial services. We therefore explored the role of social networks in the access to psychosocial care among elderly migrants in The Netherlands. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured group interviews and individual interviews. The eight group and eleven individual interviews (respectively n = 58 and n = 11) were conducted in The Netherlands with Turkish, Moroccan, Surinamese, and Dutch elderly. The data were analysed through coding and comparing fragments and recognizing patterns. Results: Support of the social network is important to navigate to psychosocial care and is most frequently provided by children. However, the social network of elderly migrants is generally not able to meet the needs of the elderly. This is mostly due to poor mental health literacy of the social network, taboo, and stigma around mental illness and the busy lives of the social network members. Conclusions: Strategies to address help-seeking barriers should consider mental health literacy in elderly migrants as well as their social networks, and counteract taboos and stigma of mental health problems.
Effects of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Melanogenesis through p-ERK and p-SAPK/JNK Pathways in Human Melanocytes
Authors: Kim Yu-Mi , Cho Sang-Eun , Kim Soo-Chan , Jang Hyun-Joon , Seo Young-Kwon
Published: October 2017

This study evaluated frequency-dependent effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on melanogenesis by melanocytes in vitro. Melanocytes were exposed to 2 mT EMFs at 30–75 Hz for 3 days before melanogenesis was examined. Exposure to ELF-EMFs at 50 and 60 Hz induced melanogenic maturation without cell damage, without changing cell proliferation and mitochondrial activity. Melanin content and tyrosinase activity of cells exposed to 50 Hz were higher than in controls, and mRNA expression of tyrosinase-related protein-2 was elevated relative to controls at 50 Hz. Phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (p-CREB) levels were higher than controls in cells exposed to ELF-EMFs at 50–75 Hz. Immunohistochemical staining showed that melanocyte-specific markers (HMB45, Melan-A) were strongly expressed in cells exposed to EMFs at 50 and 60 Hz compared to controls. Thus, exposure to ELF-EMFs at 50 Hz could stimulate melanogenesis in melanocytes, through activation of p-CREB and p-p38 and inhibition of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and phosphorylated stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase. The results may form the basis of an appropriate anti-gray hair treatment or be applied in a therapeutic device for inducing repigmentation in the skin of vitiligo patients.
NADPH Oxidase-Related Pathophysiology in Experimental Models of Stroke
Authors: Yao Hiroshi , Ago Tetsuro , Kitazono Takanari , Nabika Toru
Published: October 2017

Several experimental studies have indicated that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (Nox) exert detrimental effects on ischemic brain tissue; Nox-knockout mice generally exhibit resistance to damage due to experimental stroke following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Furthermore, our previous MCAO study indicated that infarct size and blood-brain barrier breakdown are enhanced in mice with pericyte-specific overexpression of Nox4, relative to levels observed in controls. However, it remains unclear whether Nox affects the stroke outcome directly by increasing oxidative stress at the site of ischemia, or indirectly by modifying physiological variables such as blood pressure or cerebral blood flow (CBF). Because of technical problems in the measurement of physiological variables and CBF, it is often difficult to address this issue in mouse models due to their small body size; in our previous study, we examined the effects of Nox activity on focal ischemic injury in a novel congenic rat strain: stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats with loss-of-function in Nox. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding the role of Nox in focal ischemic injury and discuss critical issues that should be considered when investigating Nox-related pathophysiology in animal models of stroke.
The Force of Crystallization and Fracture Propagation during In-Situ Carbonation of Peridotite
Authors: Van Noort Reinier , Wolterbeek Timotheus , Drury Martyn , Kandianis Michael , Spiers Christopher
Published: October 2017

Subsurface mineralization of CO2 by injection into (hydro-)fractured peridotites has been proposed as a carbon sequestration method. It is envisaged that the expansion in solid volume associated with the mineralization reaction leads to a build-up of stress, resulting in the opening of further fractures. We performed CO2-mineralization experiments on simulated fractures in peridotite materials under confined, hydrothermal conditions, to directly measure the induced stresses. Only one of these experiments resulted in the development of a stress, which was less than 5% of the theoretical maximum. We also performed one method control test in which we measured stress development during the hydration of MgO. Based on microstructural observations, as well as XRD and TGA measurements, we infer that, due to pore clogging and grain boundary healing at growing mineral interfaces, the transport of CO2, water and solutes into these sites inhibited reaction-related stress development. When grain boundary healing was impeded by the precipitation of silica, a small stress did develop. This implies that when applied to in-situ CO2-storage, the mineralization reaction will be limited by transport through clogged fractures, and proceed at a rate that is likely too slow for the process to accommodate the volumes of CO2 expected for sequestration.
Chemical and Biological Research on Herbal Medicines Rich in Xanthones
Authors: Ruan Jingya , Zheng Chang , Liu Yanxia , Qu Lu , Yu Haiyang , Han Lifeng , Zhang Yi , Wang Tao
Published: October 2017

Xanthones, as some of the most active components and widely distributed in various herb medicines, have drawn more and more attention in recent years. So far, 168 species of herbal plants belong to 58 genera, 24 families have been reported to contain xanthones. Among them, Calophyllum, Cratoxylum, Cudrania, Garcinia, Gentiana, Hypericum and Swertia genera are plant resources with great development prospect. This paper summarizes the plant resources, bioactivity and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of xanthones from references published over the last few decades, which may be useful for new drug research and development on xanthones.
Pratol, an O-Methylated Flavone, Induces Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells via p-p38 and p-JNK Upregulation
Authors: Chung You Chul , Kim Seoyeon , Kim Jin Hwa , Lee Geun Soo , Lee Jung No , Lee Nam Ho , Hyun Chang-Gu
Published: October 2017

Tyrosinase is the rate-limiting enzyme critical for melanin synthesis. It controls pigmentation in the skin. Activation of tyrosinase is currently the most common approach in the development of tanning and haircare products. Pratol is a 7-hydroxy-4-methoxyflavone found in Trifolium pratense. In this study, we investigated the effects of pratol on melanogenesis. We also studied the mechanism of action of pratol in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. The cells were treated with various concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 μM) of pratol to observe its effects. The results showed that pratol significantly increased melanin content and tyrosinase activity in the cells without being cytotoxic. In addition, pratol strongly increased the expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 and 2 by enhancing the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Furthermore, pratol stimulated melanogenesis via the phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK). The findings from an assay searching for the inhibitor revealed that SB203580 (a specific p38 inhibitor) or SP600125 (a p-JNK inhibitor) attenuated pratol-induced cellular tyrosinase activity whereas PD98059 (an ERK inhibitor) did not. Additionally, pratol interfered with the phosphorylation of p-AKT. We also found that pratol-induced melanogenesis was reversed by H89, which is a specific protein kinase A inhibitor. The results suggest that, owing to its multi-functional properties, pratol may be a potential tanning agent or a therapeutic agent for hair depigmentation in the cosmetic industry.
Chemotherapy-Related Toxicity, Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Precachectic Oncologic Patients with, or without, High Protein Nutritional Support. A Prospective, Randomized Study
Authors: Ziętarska Monika , Krawczyk-Lipiec Joanna , Kraj Leszek , Zaucha Renata , Małgorzewicz Sylwia
Published: October 2017

Background: Cancer disease is usually associated with impaired nutritional status, which is one of the factors contributing to deterioration of the results of surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine whether nutritional support with high protein (ONS) in adult oncologic patients in the first step of cancer cachexia—asymptomatic precachexia, has an influence on the toxicity of systemic therapy. However, secondary endpoints were established: to determine whether high protein ONS influences the nutritional status, the quality of life, and the performance status. Materials and Methods: A total of 114 persons aged 40–84 years old with colorectal cancer were examined. Based on the randomization, 47 patients were qualified to the interventional group (ONS group) and 48 to Control group. To evaluate the nutritional status NRS-2002 (Nutritional Risk Screening), SGA (Subjective Global Assessment), SCRINIO (SCReenIng the Nutritional status In Oncology) Working Group classification, VAS (Visual Analog Scale) for appetite was used. FAACT (Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy) questionnaire was used for assessment of the quality of life. The health status of patients was evaluated based on the Karnofsky Performance Scale. Anthropometric measurements were done. Results: Severe complications of chemotherapy, which caused the end of treatment, a slight complication of the gastrointestinal tract such as diarrhea grade 2 according to ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) score regardless of the studied group, were observed. There were no statistical differences in the number and severity of the observed complications, i.e., neutropenia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea. During the follow-up the significant changes of SGA, VAS, albumin and prealbumin were observed between groups. In the ONS group an improvement in nutritional status was noticed (increased appetite VAS, p = 0.05; increased points in SGA, p = 0.015, and increased levels of albumin and prealbumin, p = 0.05). In Control group nutritional status was stable during observation. The performance status and quality of life were stable in both groups. No statistical differences between groups (ONS vs. Control) in the numbers for disqualification, resignation, delay in treatment, or dose reduction were observed. Conclusions: Results of the study did not indicate that nutritional support in precachectic oncologic patients influenced the toxicity of systemic therapy. High protein nutritional support improved nutritional status assessed by SGA, VAS for appetite, albumin, and prealbumin. The performance status and quality of life were stable throughout the observation and were not changed under the supplementation.
Weight Loss in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: Should We Consider Individualised, Qualitative, ad Libitum Diets? A Narrative Review and Case Study
Authors: Capizzi Irene , Teta Luigi , Vigotti Federica Neve , Tognarelli Giuliana , Consiglio Valentina , Scognamiglio Stefania , Piccoli Giorgina Barbara
Published: October 2017

In advanced chronic kidney disease, obesity may bring a survival advantage, but many transplant centres demand weight loss before wait-listing for kidney graft. The case here described regards a 71-year-old man, with obesity-related glomerulopathy; referral data were: weight 110 kg, Body Mass Index (BMI) 37 kg/m2, serum creatinine (sCr) 5 mg/dL, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 23 mL/min, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 75 mg/dL, proteinuria 2.3 g/day. A moderately restricted, low-protein diet allowed reduction in BUN (45–55 mg/dL) and good metabolic and kidney function stability, with a weight increase of 6 kg. Therefore, he asked to be enrolled in a weight-loss program to be wait-listed (the two nearest transplant centres required a BMI below 30 or 35 kg/m2). Since previous low-calorie diets were not successful and he was against a surgical approach, we chose a qualitative, ad libitum coach-assisted diet, freely available in our unit. In the first phase, the diet is dissociated; he lost 16 kg in 2 months, without need for dialysis. In the second maintenance phase, in which foods are progressively combined, he lost 4 kg in 5 months, allowing wait-listing. Dialysis started one year later, and was followed by weight gain of about 5 kg. He resumed the maintenance diet, and his current body weight, 35 months after the start of the diet, is 94 kg, with a BMI of 31.7 kg/m2, without clinical or biochemical signs of malnutrition. This case suggests that our patients can benefit from the same options available to non-CKD (chronic kidney disease) individuals, provided that strict multidisciplinary surveillance is assured.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Nanoporous Aluminum-Based Coordination Polymers as Catalysts for Selective Sulfoxidation Reaction
Authors: Vinu Madhan , Lin Wei-Cheng , Senthil Raja Duraisamy , Han Jeng-Liang , Lin Chia-Her
Published: October 2017

A series of aluminum-based coordination polymers or metal–organic frameworks (Al–MOFs), i.e., DUT-4, DUT-5, MIL-53, NH2-MIL-53, and MIL-100, have been facile prepared by microwave (MW)-assisted reactions and used as catalysts for selective sulfoxidation reactions. The MW-assisted synthesis drastically reduced the reaction time from few days to hours. The prepared MOFs have smaller and uniform particle sizes and better yield compared to conventional hydrothermal method. Furthermore, the Al–MOFs have been successfully demonstrated as catalysts in oxidation reaction of methyl phenyl sulfide with H2O2 as oxidant, even under mild conditions, with more than 95% conversion.
Synthesis and Application of Aurophilic Poly(Cysteine) and Poly(Cysteine)-Containing Copolymers
Authors: Ulkoski David , Scholz Carmen
Published: October 2017

The redox capacity, as well as the aurophilicity of the terminal thiol side groups, in poly(Cysteine) lend a unique characteristic to this poly(amino acid) or polypeptide. There are two major application fields for this polymer: (i) biomedical applications in drug delivery and surface modification of biomedical devices and (ii) as coating for electrodes to enhance their electrochemical sensitivity. The intended application determines the synthetic route for p(Cysteine). Polymers to be used in biomedical applications are typically polymerized from the cysteine N-carboxyanhydride by a ring-opening polymerization, where the thiol group needs to be protected during the polymerization. Advances in this methodology have led to conditions under which the polymerization progresses as living polymerization, which allows for a strict control of the molecular architecture, molecular weight and polydispersity and the formation of block copolymers, which eventually could display polyphilic properties. Poly(Cysteine) used as electrode coating is typically polymerized onto the electrode by cyclic voltammetry, which actually produces a continuous, pinhole-free film on the electrode via the formation of covalent bonds between the amino group of Cysteine and the carbon of the electrode. This resulting coating is chemically very different from the well-defined poly(Cysteine) obtained by ring-opening polymerizations. Based on the structure of cysteine a significant degree of cross-linking within the coating deposited by cyclic voltammetry can be assumed. This manuscript provides a detailed discussion of the ring-opening polymerization of cysteine, a brief consideration of the role of glutathione, a key cysteine-containing tripeptide, and examples for the utilization of poly(Cysteine) and poly(Cysteine)-containing copolymers, in both, the biomedical as well as electrochemical realm.
The Dead Speak: A Case Study from the Tiwa Tribe Highlighting the Hybrid World of Śākta Tantra in Assam
Authors: Borkataky-Varma Sravana
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we shall examine how possession is understood in Assam, India. We are aware that the larger northeastern frontier of India retained indigenous practices, religious festivals, and beliefs in a plethora of exotic goddesses, rituals, which have continued unabated through modern times. This has resulted in cross-pollination between the Vedic or traditional Brahmanical or orthodox Hindu practices and the indigenous practices, which in turn has yielded a hybrid world of Śākta Tantra rituals and practices.
The Modular Optical Underwater Survey System
Authors: Amin Ruhul , Richards Benjamin , Misa William , Taylor Jeremy , Miller Dianna , Rollo Audrey , Demarke Christopher , Singh Hanumant , Young Grace , Childress Jeremy , Ossolinski Justin , Reardon Russell , Koyanagi Kyle
Published: October 2017

The Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center deploys the Modular Optical Underwater Survey System (MOUSS) to estimate the species-specific, size-structured abundance of commercially-important fish species in Hawaii and the Pacific Islands. The MOUSS is an autonomous stereo-video camera system designed for the in situ visual sampling of fish assemblages. This system is rated to 500 m and its low-light, stereo-video cameras enable identification, counting, and sizing of individuals at a range of 0.5–10 m. The modular nature of MOUSS allows for the efficient and cost-effective use of various imaging sensors, power systems, and deployment platforms. The MOUSS is in use for surveys in Hawaii, the Gulf of Mexico, and Southern California. In Hawaiian waters, the system can effectively identify individuals to a depth of 250 m using only ambient light. In this paper, we describe the MOUSS’s application in fisheries research, including the design, calibration, analysis techniques, and deployment mechanism.
Feature Weight Driven Interactive Mutual Information Modeling for Heterogeneous Bio-Signal Fusion to Estimate Mental Workload
Authors: Zhang Pengbo , Wang Xue , Chen Junfeng , You Wei
Published: October 2017

Many people suffer from high mental workload which may threaten human health and cause serious accidents. Mental workload estimation is especially important for particular people such as pilots, soldiers, crew and surgeons to guarantee the safety and security. Different physiological signals have been used to estimate mental workload based on the n-back task which is capable of inducing different mental workload levels. This paper explores a feature weight driven signal fusion method and proposes interactive mutual information modeling (IMIM) to increase the mental workload classification accuracy. We used EEG and ECG signals to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for heterogeneous bio-signal fusion. The experiment of mental workload estimation consisted of signal recording, artifact removal, feature extraction, feature weight calculation, and classification. Ten subjects were invited to take part in easy, medium and hard tasks for the collection of EEG and ECG signals in different mental workload levels. Therefore, heterogeneous physiological signals of different mental workload states were available for classification. Experiments reveal that ECG can be utilized as a supplement of EEG to optimize the fusion model and improve mental workload estimation. Classification results show that the proposed bio-signal fusion method IMIM can increase the classification accuracy in both feature level and classifier level fusion. This study indicates that multi-modal signal fusion is promising to identify the mental workload levels and the fusion strategy has potential application of mental workload estimation in cognitive activities during daily life.
Computer Vision-Based Structural Displacement Measurement Robust to Light-Induced Image Degradation for In-Service Bridges
Authors: Lee Junhwa , Lee Kyoung-Chan , Cho Soojin , Sim Sung-Han
Published: October 2017

The displacement responses of a civil engineering structure can provide important information regarding structural behaviors that help in assessing safety and serviceability. A displacement measurement using conventional devices, such as the linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), is challenging owing to issues related to inconvenient sensor installation that often requires additional temporary structures. A promising alternative is offered by computer vision, which typically provides a low-cost and non-contact displacement measurement that converts the movement of an object, mostly an attached marker, in the captured images into structural displacement. However, there is limited research on addressing light-induced measurement error caused by the inevitable sunlight in field-testing conditions. This study presents a computer vision-based displacement measurement approach tailored to a field-testing environment with enhanced robustness to strong sunlight. An image-processing algorithm with an adaptive region-of-interest (ROI) is proposed to reliably determine a marker’s location even when the marker is indistinct due to unfavorable light. The performance of the proposed system is experimentally validated in both laboratory-scale and field experiments.
Experimental Study of the Viability of Low-Grade Biofuels in Small-Scale Appliances
Authors: Regueiro Araceli , Jezerská Lucie , Patiño David , Pérez-Orozco Raquel , Nečas Jan , Žídek Martin
Published: October 2017

This experimental work aims to study the viability of making use of agricultural and forest residues as an alternative to produce biofuels for commercial devices. It focuses on the feasibility of three non-commercial biomass fuels in an underfed biomass pilot combustor with a power range of 7–12 kWth (500–800 kW/m2). To carry out the investigation, the repeatability of the facility was studied using fuel with a high ash content. The relative deviations in the main parameters considered (combustion rate, gaseous emissions and particulate matter emissions) were below 10%. A feasibility analysis was performed by comparing the result obtained with a barley and leaf pellet with that obtained with a commercial wood pellet as a reference. The parameters used in this study were the operational parameters of the plant as well as the particle concentration and distribution, fouling and slagging. Comparing the results of the different fuels, it was determined that 25% leaf + 75% wood pellet (lp25) could be used as a commercial pellet with the incorporation of an additive. However, the two other fuels presented undesirable behavior characterized by high particle concentrations and notable amounts of slag.
Full Random Coefficients Multilevel Modeling of the Relationship between Land Use and Trip Time on Weekdays and Weekends
Authors: Gim Tae-Hyoung
Published: October 2017

Interests in weekend trips are increasing, but few have studied how they are affected by land use. In this study, we analyze the relationship between compact land use characteristics and trip time in Seoul, Korea by comparing two research models, each of which uses the weekday and weekend data of the same travelers. To secure sufficient numbers of subjects and groups, full random coefficients multilevel models define the trip as level one and the neighborhood as level two, and find that level-two land use characteristics account for less variation in trip time than level-one individual characteristics. At level one, weekday trip time is found to be reduced by the choice of the automobile as a travel mode, but not by its ownership per se. In addition, it becomes reduced if made by high income travelers and extended to travel to quality jobs. Among four land use characteristics at level two, population density, road connectivity, and subway availability are shown to be significant in the weekday model. Only subway availability has a positive relationship with trip time and this finding is consistent with the level-one result that the choice of automobile alternatives increases trip time. The other land use characteristic, land use balance, turns out to be a single significant land use variable in the weekend model, implying that it is concerned mainly with non-work, non-mandatory travel.