bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Frost-Heave Failure of Air-Entrained Concrete Based on Thermal–Hydraulic–Mechanical Coupling Model
Authors: Wang Xinmiao , Xue Feng , Gu Xin , Xia Xiaozhou
Published: July 2024

The internal pore structural characteristics and microbubble distribution features of concrete have a significant impact on its frost resistance, but their size is relatively small compared to aggregates, making them difficult to visually represent in the mesoscopic numerical model of concrete. Therefore, based on the ice-crystal phase transition mechanism of pore water and the theory of fine-scale inclusions, this paper establishes an estimation model for effective thermal conductivity and permeability coefficients that can reflect the distribution characteristics of the internal pore size and the content of microbubbles in porous media and explores the evolution mechanism of effective thermal conductivity and permeability coefficients during the freezing process. The segmented Gaussian integration method is adopted for the calculation of integrals involving pore size distribution curves. In addition, based on the concept that the fracture phase represents continuous damage, a switching model for the permeability coefficient is proposed to address the fundamental impact of frost cracking on permeability. Finally, the proposed estimation models for thermal conductivity and permeability are applied to the cement mortar and the interface transition zone (ITZ), and a thermal–hydraulic–mechanical coupling finite element model of concrete specimens at the mesoscale based on the fracture phase-field method is established. After that, the frost-cracking mechanism in ordinary concrete samples during the freezing process is explored, as well as the mechanism of microbubbles in relieving pore pressure and the adverse effect of accelerated cooling on frost cracking. The results show that the cracks first occurred near the aggregate on the concrete sample surface and then extended inward along the interface transition zone, which is consistent with the frost-cracking scenario of concrete structures in cold regions.
Bending Forming Characteristics of CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloy Sheets Induced by Nanosecond Pulse Laser Irradiation
Authors: Tian Xinyu , Wang Chao , Zhang Hongyang , Gao Junfeng , Huang Hu , Yan Jiwang
Published: July 2024

Laser bending forming, as a flexible and die-less forming approach, facilitates the three-dimensional shaping of sheets through the generation of thermal stress via laser-material interaction. In this study, the bending forming characteristics of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy sheets induced by nanosecond pulse laser irradiation were systematically investigated. The effects of parameters including laser power, scanning speed, number of scans, scanning interval, and sheet size on the bending angle, cross-sectional morphology, and hardness were studied in detail under both the laser single-line and multi-line scanning modes. The experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of nanosecond pulse laser irradiation for achieving accurate formation of CoCrFeMnNi sheets, with the successful fabrication of J, L, and U-shaped metal components. Apart from the forming ability, the cross-sectional hardness was significantly increased due to the grain refinement effect of nanosecond pulse laser irradiation. Furthermore, employing the laser single-line scanning mode enabled the effective rectification of overbending parts, showcasing complete recovery for small-angle overbending, and a remarkable 91% recovery for larger-angle overbending. This study provides an important basis for the bendability of CoCrFeMnNi sheets by laser forming and elucidates the evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties in the bending region.
Study on the Aging Precipitation Behavior and Kinetics of Al-10.0Zn-3.0Mg-2.8Cu Alloy by Pre-Deformation Treatment
Authors: Fu Zhaolong , Zhao Xi , Jiao Minhang , Ren Xianwei , Liu Hongbin , Liu Hailong
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the effect of thermomechanical treatment process on the hardening behavior, grain microstructure, precipitated phase, and tensile mechanical properties of the new high-strength and high-ductility Al-10.0Zn-3.0Mg-2.8Cu alloy was studied, and the optimal thermomechanical treatment process was established. The strengthening and toughening mechanisms were revealed, which provided technical and theoretical guidance for the engineering application of this kind of high strength-ductility aluminum alloy. Al-10.0Zn-3.0Mg-2.8Cu alloy cylindrical parts with external longitudinal reinforcement were prepared by a composite extrusion deformation process (reciprocal upsetting + counter-extrusion) with a true strain up to 2.56, and the organizational evolution of the alloys during the extrusion deformation process and the influence of pre-stretching treatments on the subsequent aging precipitation behaviors and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that firstly, the large plastic deformation promotes the fragmentation of coarse insoluble phases and the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization, which results in the elongation of the grains along the extrusion direction, and the volume fraction of recrystallization reaches 42.4%. Secondly, the kinetic study showed that the decrease in the activation energy of precipitation increased the nucleation sites, which further promoted the diffuse distribution of the second phase in the alloy and a higher number of nucleation sites, while limiting the coarsening of the precipitated phase. When the amount of pre-deformation was increased from 0% to 2%, the size of the matrix precipitated phase decreased from 5.11 μm to 4.1 μm, and when the amount of pre-deformation was increased from 2% to 7%, the coarsening of the matrix precipitated phase took place, and the size of the phase increased from 4.1 μm to 7.24 μm. The finalized heat treatment process for the deformation of the aluminum alloy tailframe was as follows: solution (475 °C/3 h) + 2% pre-stretching + aging (120 °C/24 h), at which the comprehensive performance of the alloy was optimized, with a tensile strength of 634.2 MPa, a yield strength of 571.0 MPa, and an elongation of 15.2%. The alloy was strengthened by both precipitation strengthening and dislocation strengthening. After 2% pre-stretching, the fracture surface starts to be dominated by dense tough nest structure, and most of them are small tough nests, and small and dense tough nests are the main reason for the increase in alloy toughness after 2% pre-stretching deformation.
Preparation, Magnetic and Mechanical Properties of Fe/Ni-Based Amorphous Fibers
Authors: Su Shuang , Zhao Wenjie , Shadangi Yagnesh , Zhang Jiapeng , Ning Zhiliang , Sun Jianfei , Huang Yongjiang
Published: July 2024

In this study, we successfully fabricated Fe61Zr10Co5Mo7W2B15 and Ni61Nb19.2Ta19.8 amorphous fibers (AFs) using the melt-extraction method. This method ensured a rapid cooling, uniform quality, minimal defects, and superior performance. Magnetic property analysis revealed that the Fe-based AFs exhibited a single-slope magnetization curve characteristic of paramagnetic or diamagnetic materials, while the Ni-based AFs displayed a rectangular curve with low magnetic hysteresis, typical of ferromagnetic materials. The axial saturation magnetization of as-prepared Ni-based AFs is ~1.5 × 10−7 emu/g, with a coercivity of about 85 Oe. The statistical analysis of tensile tests indicated that Ni-based AFs possess a higher fracture threshold of 2440 ± 199 MPa and a reliability of 14.7, demonstrating greater material safety and suitability for high-performance applications. As opposed to Ni-based AFs, Fe-based AFs present a fracture threshold and of 1582 ± 692 MPa and a reliability 4.2. Moreover, under cyclic loading conditions, Ni-based AFs exhibited less residual deformation and superior elastic recovery with a fracture strength of 2800 MPa. These findings highlight the potential of Ni-based AFs for advanced engineering applications, particularly where high strength, durability, and excellent magnetic properties are required, paving the way for their integration into next-generation technologies.
Eccentric Compression Behavior of Truss-Reinforced Cross-Shaped Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns
Authors: Tao Yu , Zhang Sumei , Xiong Gaopeng , Gong Chao , Hou Zhaoxin , Li Xiaozhong
Published: July 2024

In the paper, the eccentric compression behavior of the truss-reinforced cross-shaped concrete-filled steel tubular (CCFST) column is investigated. A total of eighteen CCFST columns were tested under eccentric compression, and the key test variables included the reinforced truss node spacing (s = 140 mm and 200 mm), slenderness ratio (λ = 9.2, 16.6, and 23.1), and eccentricity ratio (η = 0, 0.08, and 0.15). The failure mode, deformation characteristic, stress distribution, strain distribution at the mid-span of the steel tube, and the eccentric compression bearing capacity were assessed. The results show that due to the addition of reinforced truss, the steel plates near the mid-span of eccentrically compressed CCFST columns experienced multi-wave buckling rather than single-wave buckling after the peak load was reduced to 85%, and the failure mode of concrete also changed from single-section to multi-section collapse failure. Comparisons were made with the unstiffened specimen. The ductility coefficient of the stiffened specimen with eccentricity ratios of 0.08–0.15 and node spacings of 140 mm~200 mm increased by 70~83%, approaching that of the multi-cell specimens with an increasing steel ratio of 1.8%. In addition, by comparing the test results with the calculation results of four domestic and international design codes, it was found that the Chinese codes CECS159-2018 and GB50936-2014, and the Eurocode 4 (2004) can be better employed to predict the compression bearing capacity of truss-reinforced CCFST columns.
Influence of Laser Welding Modes along a Curved Path on the Mechanical Properties and Heterogeneity of the Microstructure of 316L Steel Plates
Authors: Anufriyev Dmitriy Andreevich , Protsenko Vladimir Georgievich , Larin Maksim Vasilievich , Kuznetsov Mikhail Valerievich , Mukhin Aleksey Alekseevich , Sviridenko Maksim Nikolaevich , Kuryntsev Sergey Vyacheslavovich , Grinin Oleg Ivanovich , Pevzner Yakov Borisovich
Published: July 2024

The results of experimental studies in the manufacture of components of the supporting structure of the first wall panel, carried out as part of the manufacture of a model of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) using laser welding technology, are presented. The influence of laser welding modes on the quality of formation, microstructure characteristics, and mechanical properties of a welded joint made of 10 mm thick 316L steel was studied. A coaxial nozzle was designed and manufactured to protect the weld pool with a curved trajectory. The mechanical properties of the welded joint are 98–100% that of the base metal, and the microhardness of the welded joint and base metal is in the range of 180–230 HV. It was established that the lower part of the weld metal on the fusion line has transcrystalline grains and differs in δ-ferrite content; due to a high welding speed, the ratio of the depth to the width of the welding seam is 14 times. The width of the rectilinear part of the seam is 15–20% larger than its curved part.
Simulation Study on Arc Temperature of Urban Rail DC Pantograph-Catenary and Arc Ablation of Contact Line
Authors: Yu Xiaoying , Wang Ze , Song Mengjie , Song Liying , Yang Junrui , Su Yang
Published: July 2024

The high temperature generated by the DC pantograph-catenary arc of urban rail systems will aggravate the wear of the pantograph-catenary system. When the ablation intensifies, it will lead to disconnection accidents on the contact line. In this paper, through the establishment of a pantograph-catenary arc model and contact line arc ablation model, considering the flow of the molten pool, it is reported that the temperature distribution of the pantograph-catenary arc is axisymmetric. With the increase in the arcing time, the maximum temperature of the arc increases. The heat flux density of the arc injection contact line presents a Gaussian distribution and is positively correlated with the arcing time. The high-temperature area of the contact line and the distribution of the molten pool show an approximate arc shape. The velocity of the molten pool shows a symmetrical distribution about the center of the electrode. The area, depth, and radius of the molten pool of the contact line increase with an increase in the arcing time, and the radius of the molten pool is always greater than the depth of the molten pool. The work presented in this paper is helpful to further our understanding of the basic physical process of pantograph-catenary arc ablation of contact lines.
Direct Observation of Short Large-Amplitude Magnetic Field Structures from Formation to Destruction
Authors: Bai Shi-Chen , Shi Quanqi , Guo Ruilong , Degeling Alexander W. , Zhang Hui , Tian Anmin , Bu Yude
Published: July 2024

Short large-amplitude magnetic field structures (SLAMSs) are often seen upstream of quasi-parallel shocks. They play vital roles near the quasi-parallel shock, such as decelerating solar wind ions and contributing to the dissipation and reformation of the shock. The formation process of these structures has attracted great attention and has long been realized in simulation. However, their formation mechanism is still full of mysteries. Here, using magnetospheric multiscale mission (MMS) observation, we provide direct observations of the SLAMS formation and destruction processes. SLAMS growth is powered by solar wind ions and shock-reflected ions through the ion-ion non-resonant mode. Reconnection occurs between and inside SLAMSs during their growth; however, these cumulative changes in magnetic field topology and the dissipation of the magnetic field energy contribute to the destruction of the SLAMS. These observations shed new light on the dissipation and reformation of the shock both in space physics and astrophysics.
A Parsimonious Separated Representation Empowering PINN–PGD-Based Solutions for Parametrized Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Ghnatios Chady , Chinesta Francisco
Published: July 2024

The efficient solution (fast and accurate) of parametric partial differential equations (pPDE) is of major interest in many domains of science and engineering, enabling evaluations of the quantities of interest, optimization, control, and uncertainty propagation—all them under stringent real-time constraints. Different methodologies have been proposed in the past within the model order reduction (MOR) community, based on the use of reduced bases (RB) or the separated representation at the heart of the so-called proper generalized decompositions (PGD). In PGD, an alternate-direction strategy is employed to circumvent the integration issues of operating in multi-dimensional domains. Recently, physics informed neural networks (PINNs), a particular collocation schema where the unknown field is approximated by a neural network (NN), have emerged in the domain of scientific machine learning. PNNs combine the versatility of NN-based approximation with the ease of collocating pPDE. The present paper proposes a combination of both procedures to find an efficient solution for pPDE, that can either be viewed as an efficient collocation procedure for PINN, or as a monolithic PGD that bypasses the use of the fixed-point alternated directions.
Long-Read Sequencing Unlocks New Insights into the Amphidinium carterae Microbiome
Authors: Judd Miranda , Wira Jens , Place Allen R. , Bachvaroff Tsvetan
Published: July 2024

Dinoflagellates are one of the largest groups of marine microalgae and exhibit diverse trophic strategies. Some dinoflagellates can produce secondary metabolites that are known to be toxic, which can lead to ecologically harmful blooms. Amphidinium carterae is one species of dinoflagellate that produces toxic compounds and is used as a model for dinoflagellate studies. The impact of the microbiome on A. carterae growth and metabolite synthesis is not yet fully understood, nor is the impact of bacterial data on sequencing and assembly. An antibiotic cocktail was previously shown to eliminate 16S amplification from the dinoflagellate culture. Even with drastically reduced bacterial numbers during antibiotic treatment, bacterial sequences were still present. In this experiment, we used novel Nanopore long-read sequencing techniques on A. carterae cultures to assemble 15 full bacterial genomes ranging from 2.9 to 6.0 Mb and found that the use of antibiotics decreased the percentage of reads mapping back to bacteria. We also identified shifts in the microbiome composition and identified a potentially deleterious bacterial species arising in the absence of the antibiotic treatment. Multiple antibiotic resistance genes were identified, as well as evidence that the bacterial population does not contribute to toxic secondary metabolite synthesis.
High Degree of Polymerization of Chitin Oligosaccharides Produced from Shrimp Shell Waste by Enrichment Microbiota Using Two-Stage Temperature-Controlled Technique of Inducing Enzyme Production and Metagenomic Analysis of Microbiota Succession
Authors: Pan Delong , Xiao Peiyao , Li Fuyi , Liu Jinze , Zhang Tengfei , Zhou Xiuling , Zhang Yang
Published: July 2024

The direct enzymatic conversion of untreated waste shrimp and crab shells has been a key problem that plagues the large-scale utilization of chitin biological resources. The microorganisms in soil samples were enriched in two stages with powdered chitin (CP) and shrimp shell powder (SSP) as substrates. The enrichment microbiota XHQ10 with SSP degradation ability was obtained. The activities of chitinase and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase of XHQ10 were 1.46 and 54.62 U/mL. Metagenomic analysis showed that Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis, Chitiniphilus shinanonensis, and Chitinimonas koreensis, with excellent chitin degradation performance, were highly enriched in XHQ10. Chitin oligosaccharides (CHOSs) are produced by XHQ10 through enzyme induction and two-stage temperature control technology, which contains CHOSs with a degree of polymerization (DP) more significant than ten and has excellent antioxidant activity. This work is the first study on the direct enzymatic preparation of CHOSs from SSP using enrichment microbiota, which provides a new path for the large-scale utilization of chitin bioresources.
Effects of Mint Oils on the Human Oral Microbiome: A Pilot Study
Authors: Abdelrahman Samar M. , El Samak Manar , El-Baz Lamis M. F. , Hanora Amro M. S. , Satyal Prabodh , Dosoky Noura S.
Published: July 2024

The oral microbiome is a diverse and complex ecosystem essential for maintaining oral and systemic health. Our study is the first to define the oral microbial community in Egyptian young adults and investigate the effects of natural antimicrobials on the oral microbiome. SuperMint (SM) is a proprietary blend of peppermint, Japanese mint, bergamot mint, and spearmint essential oils encapsulated in a tiny soft beadlet. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of SM beadlets on the oral microbiome. This study recruited twenty healthy participants. A baseline investigation of the oral microbiome of the selected participants was performed by collecting saliva and swab samples before treatment. Treatment included chewing four SM beadlets twice a day for 7 days, and then, post-administration saliva and swab samples were collected at the end of treatment. The oral microbiome samples were analyzed by the high-throughput amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments, and the community composition was determined. The results showed that the abundance of some microbial genera and families decreased after using SM, including Prevotella, Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Haemophilus. However, some genera showed inconsistent patterns. We also found that the subject’s gender and SM usage were significantly associated with diverse microbial composition. The results suggest that SM treatment decreased the abundance of several bacteria associated with halitosis and periodontal diseases, such as Actinomyces and Streptococcus. Furthermore, Corynebacterium species increased and Streptococcus decreased after SM usage. More research is needed to fully understand the antimicrobial effects of mint oils and their potential applications in maintaining good oral health.
Impact of Nutrient Enrichment on Community Structure and Co-Occurrence Networks of Coral Symbiotic Microbiota in Duncanopsammia peltata: Zooxanthellae, Bacteria, and Archaea
Authors: Bai Chuanzhu , Wang Qifang , Xu Jinyan , Zhang Han , Huang Yuxin , Cai Ling , Zheng Xinqing , Yang Ming
Published: July 2024

Symbiotic microorganisms in reef-building corals, including algae, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, play critical roles in the adaptation of coral hosts to adverse environmental conditions. However, their adaptation and functional relationships in nutrient-rich environments have yet to be fully explored. This study investigated Duncanopsammia peltata and the surrounding seawater and sediments from protected and non-protected areas in the summer and winter in Dongshan Bay. High-throughput sequencing was used to characterize community changes, co-occurrence patterns, and factors influencing symbiotic coral microorganisms (zooxanthellae, bacteria, and archaea) in different environments. The results showed that nutrient enrichment in the protected and non-protected areas was the greatest in December, followed by the non-protected area in August. In contrast, the August protected area had the lowest nutrient enrichment. Significant differences were found in the composition of the bacterial and archaeal communities in seawater and sediments from different regions. Among the coral symbiotic microorganisms, the main dominant species of zooxanthellae is the C1 subspecies (42.22–56.35%). The dominant phyla of bacteria were Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota. Only in the August protected area did a large number (41.98%) of SAR324_cladeMarine_group_B exist. The August protected and non-protected areas and December protected and non-protected areas contained beneficial bacteria as biomarkers. They were Nisaea, Spiroplasma, Endozoicomonas, and Bacillus. No pathogenic bacteria appeared in the protected area in August. The dominant phylum in Archaea was Crenarchaeota. These symbiotic coral microorganisms’ relative abundances and compositions vary with environmental changes. The enrichment of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in environmental media is a key factor affecting the composition of coral microbial communities. Co-occurrence analysis showed that nutrient enrichment under anthropogenic disturbances enhanced the interactions between coral symbiotic microorganisms. These findings improve our understanding of the adaptations of coral holobionts to various nutritional environments.
Effect of Nitrogen on Microbial Communities of Purple Mudstone Weathering Products in Southwest China: A Column Experiment
Authors: Li Chunpei , Li Wanting , Xu Peng , Wang Xuan , Tang Jialiang , Liu Gangcai , Wang Ting , Zhao Jixia
Published: July 2024

Nitrogen application significantly affects microorganisms in agricultural ecosystems. However, it is still unclear how nitrogen application affects soil chemical properties and microbial communities in purple mudstone weathering products. In this study, a field soil column experiment was conducted in a typical purple soil area with four nitrogen fertilizer application gradients of 0 [CK], 280 [N1], 560 [N2], and 840 [N3] N kg ha−1. Nitrogen addition decreased the bacterial chao1 value and increased the bacterial evenness index. For both α- and β-diversity, the effect of nitrogen addition on bacteria was much greater than that on fungi. Nitrogen addition significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Bacteroidetes, and Ascomycota and decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Basidiomycota. Both pH and TC are the most important soil chemical properties influencing the bacterial and fungal communities. With the increases in the nitrogen application rate, the co-occurrence network complexity increased and then decreased. In summary, nitrogen fertilizer application could significantly change the soil chemical properties, microbial community diversity, composition, and co-occurrence network of purple mudstone weathering products. Among them, the N2 treatment (560 N kg∙ha−1) can more effectively stimulate the soil nutrients, enhance microbial network complexity, and promote further weathering of purple mudstone.
Microbial Metagenomics Revealed the Diversity and Distribution Characteristics of Groundwater Microorganisms in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Wang Yue , Weng Ming-Yu , Zhong Ji-Wen , He Liang , Guo De-Jun , Luo Dong , Xue Jia-Yu
Published: July 2024

Groundwater is one of the important freshwater resources on Earth and is closely related to human activities. As a good biological vector, a more diverse repertory of antibiotic resistance genes in the water environment would have a profound impact on human medical health. Therefore, this study conducted a metagenomic sequencing analysis of water samples from groundwater monitoring points in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to characterize microbial community composition and antibiotic resistance in the groundwater environment. Our results show that different microbial communities and community composition were the driving factors in the groundwater environment, and a diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in the groundwater environment was detected. The main source of antibiotic resistance gene host was determined by correlation tests and analyses. In this study, metagenomics was used for the first time to comprehensively analyze microbial communities in groundwater systems in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin. The data obtained from this study serve as an invaluable resource and represent the basic metagenomic characteristics of groundwater microbial communities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin. These findings will be useful tools and provide a basis for future research on water microbial community and quality, greatly expanding the depth and breadth of our understanding of groundwater.
Recombinant Hemagglutinin Protein from H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Exerts Good Immune Effects in Mice
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Xie Zhixun , Wei You , Li Meng , Zhang Minxiu , Luo Sisi , Xie Liji
Published: July 2024

The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) causes enormous economic losses and poses a significant threat to public health; the development of vaccines against avian influenza is ongoing. To study the immunogenicity of hemagglutinin (HA) protein, we constructed a recombinant pET-32a-HA plasmid, induced HA protein expression with isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), verified it by SDS–PAGE and Western blotting, and determined the sensitivity of the recombinant protein to acid and heat. Subsequently, mice were immunized with the purified HA protein, and the immunization effect was evaluated according to the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer, serum IgG antibody titer, and cytokine secretion level of the mice. The results showed that the molecular weight of the HA protein was approximately 84 kDa, and the protein existed in both soluble and insoluble forms; in addition, the HA protein exhibited good acid and thermal stability, the HI antibody titer reached 6 log2–8 log2, and the IgG-binding antibody titer was 1:1,000,000. Moreover, the levels of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-5 in the immunized mouse spleen cells were significantly increased compared with those in the control group. However, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-13, IFN-γ, IL-18, TNF-α, and GM-CSF were decreased in the immunized group. The recombinant HA protein utilized in this study exhibited good stability and exerted beneficial immune effects, providing a theoretical basis for further research on influenza vaccines.
A Detailed Clinical Case of Localized Prostate Tumors Treated with Nanoparticle-Assisted Sub-Ablative Laser Ablation
Authors: Kadria-Vili Yara , Schwartz Jon A. , Polascik Thomas J. , Goodrich Glenn P. , Jorden David , Pinder Diane , Halas Naomi J. , Rastinehad Ardeshir R.
Published: July 2024

AuroLase® Therapy—a nanoparticle-enabled focal therapy—has the potential to safely and effectively treat localized prostate cancer (PCa), preserving baseline functionality. This article presents a detailed case of localized PCa treated with AuroLase, providing insight on expectations from the diagnosis of PCa to one year post-treatment. AuroLase Therapy is a two-day treatment consisting of a systemic infusion of gold nanoshells (~150-nm hydrodynamic diameter) on Day 1, and sub-ablative laser treatment on Day 2. Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) was used for tumor visualization, treatment planning, and therapy response assessment. The PCa was targeted with a MR/Ultrasound-fusion (MR/US) transperineal approach. Successful treatment was confirmed at 6 and 12 months post-treatment by the absence of disease in MR/US targeted biopsies. On the mpMRI, confined void space was evident, an indication of necrotic tissues encompassing the treated lesion, which was completely resolved at 12 months, forming a band-like scar with no evidence of recurrent tumor. The patient’s urinary and sexual functions were unchanged. During the one-year follow-up, changes on the DCE sequence and in the Ktrans and ADC values assist in qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating tissue changes. The results highlight the potential of gold-nanoparticle-enabled sub-ablative laser treatment to target and control localized PCa, maintain quality of life, and preserve baseline functionality.
How Well Can Quantum Embedding Method Predict the Reaction Profiles for Hydrogenation of Small Li Clusters?
Authors: Alfonso Dominic , Avramidis Benjamin , Paudel Hari P. , Duan Yuhua
Published: July 2024

Quantum computing leverages the principles of quantum mechanics in novel ways to tackle complex chemistry problems that cannot be accurately addressed using traditional quantum chemistry methods. However, the high computational cost and available number of physical qubits with high fidelity limit its application to small chemical systems. This work employed a quantum-classical framework which features a quantum active space-embedding approach to perform simulations of chemical reactions that require up to 14 qubits. This framework was applied to prototypical example metal hydrogenation reactions: the coupling between hydrogen and Li2, Li3, and Li4 clusters. Particular attention was paid to the computation of barriers and reaction energies. The predicted reaction profiles compare well with advanced classical quantum chemistry methods, demonstrating the potential of the quantum embedding algorithm to map out reaction profiles of realistic gas-phase chemical reactions to ascertain qualitative energetic trends. Additionally, the predicted potential energy curves provide a benchmark to compare against both current and future quantum embedding approaches.
Factors Associated with Participation in Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) among Low-Income Households: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hanson Karla L. , Concepcion Claire , Volpe Leah C.
Published: July 2024

Households with limited financial resources often struggle with inadequate access to healthy, affordable food. Community supported agriculture (CSA) has the potential to improve access to fresh fruits and vegetables, yet low-income households seldom participate due to cost and other barriers. Cost-offset (or subsidized) CSA reduces financial barriers, yet engagement varies widely among those who enroll. This scoping review explored factors associated with CSA participation among low-income households in the United States. Eighteen articles met the inclusion criteria, quantitative and qualitative data were extracted, the evidence was synthesized, and themes were developed. The findings suggested that women may be more likely than men to enroll in CSA. A lack of familiarity with CSA may hinder enrollment, whereas more education and self-efficacy for food preparation may facilitate participation. In terms of share contents, high-quality produce, a variety of items, more fruit, a choice of share contents, and a choice of share sizes may facilitate participation. In terms of CSA operations, a low price, good value, acceptance of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, close pick-up locations on existing travel routes, delivery of shares, clear communication, fostering a sense of belonging and trust, and educational support may support participation. Together these findings support 13 recommendations for cost-offset CSA implementation to engage low-income households.
Functional Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease Reduction: A Concise Review
Authors: Omachi Deborah O. , Aryee Alberta N. A. , Onuh John O.
Published: July 2024

Functional lipids are dietary substances that may have an impact on human health by lowering the risk of chronic illnesses and enhancing the quality of life. Numerous functional lipids have been reported to have potential health benefits in the prevention, management, and treatment of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. However, there is still insufficient and contradictory information in the literature about their effectiveness and associated mechanisms of action. The objective of this review, therefore, is to evaluate available literature regarding these functional lipids and their health benefits. Various studies have been conducted to understand the links between functional lipids and the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Recent studies on phytosterols have reported that CLA, medium-chain triglycerides, and omega-3 and 6 fatty acids have positive effects on human health. Also, eicosanoids, which are the metabolites of these fatty acids, are produced in relation to the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and may modulate disease conditions. These functional lipids are available either in dietary or supplement forms and have been proven to be efficient, accessible, and inexpensive to be included in the diet. However, further research is required to properly elucidate the dosages, dietary intake, effectiveness, and their mechanisms of action in addition to the development of valid disease biomarkers and long-term effects in humans.
Correction: Tayebati et al. Choline and Choline alphoscerate Do Not Modulate Inflammatory Processes in the Rat Brain. Nutrients 2017, 9, 1084
Authors: Tayebati Seyed Khosrow , Martinelli Ilenia , Moruzzi Michele , Amenta Francesco , Tomassoni Daniele
Published: July 2024

For the original publication [...]
Therapeutic Effect of Liquiritin Carbomer Gel on Topical Glucocorticoid-Induced Skin Inflammation in Mice
Authors: Zhang Yun , Li Sijia , Huang Yanfang , Song Congjing , Chen Weiqiang , Yang Yiling
Published: July 2024

Glucocorticoids are often used and highly effective anti-inflammatory medications, but prolonged topical application may alter the epidermis’ normal structure and function, potentially resulting in a number of adverse effects. Topical glucocorticoid-induced skin inflammation is a dangerous condition that develops after topical glucocorticoid use. The patients become dependent on the medication and, even after the medication is stopped, the dermatitis symptoms recur, severely impairing their quality of life. Thus, the need to aggressively confront Topical glucocorticoid-induced skin inflammation is critical. Prior research has demonstrated that topical administration of licorice’s flavonoid component liquiritin stimulates epidermal proliferation, which in turn enhances the creation of collagen and the healing of wounds. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to determine if topical use of liquiritin carbomer gel can treat glucocorticoid-induced changes in mice skin epidermal function, and the mechanisms involved. The findings demonstrated that, in the mice model of topical glucocorticoid-induced skin inflammation, liquiritin carbomer gel aided in the restoration of skin barrier function. These outcomes may have been caused by enhanced expression of the proteins Aquaporin 3, Keratin 10, and Claudin-1, as well as the restoration of epidermal hyaluronan content. In the meantime, liquiritin carbomer gel dramatically decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IgE in mice, according to ELISA tests. Furthermore, topical treatment of liquiritin carbomer gel boosted the expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and decreased malondialdehyde expression, potentially counteracting the detrimental effects of glucocorticoids on the epidermis. In summary, these findings imply that topical liquiritin carbomer gel can treat glucocorticoid-induced skin damage through various mechanisms of action.
Analysis of the Justice Component of a JEDI (Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion) Inventory in a College of Pharmacy
Authors: Schulz Chad W. , Dubas Jackson J. , Dering-Anderson Allison M. , Hoff Karen L. , Roskam Adam L. , Kasbohm Noah A. , Holtmeier Brady W. , Hansen Hannah L. , Stukenholtz Kaitlyn L. , Carron Ashley N. , Tjards Lindsey M.
Published: July 2024

At the University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, a longitudinal project is underway to assess how the college is functioning in terms of keeping Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (JEDI) at the forefront of the institution. This study is intended to showcase areas of excellence within the college and as a quality improvement exercise to show the institution potential areas in need of improvement. This process was also initiated because such assessments may soon become a requirement for colleges of pharmacy to earn full accreditation. Upon analyzing the Justice component of JEDI and the 32 justice-related ideas that were recommended for exploration and discussion, and further sub-categorized under the terms representation, curriculum and education, policies and procedures, support and resources, and college climate, useful data were discovered. Overall, the information found on representation, policy and procedure, and college climate was difficult to quantify as much of the information was subjective; however, this does not automatically discount this information from being useful. Information relating to curriculum and education was more quantifiable but may be underrepresented. Analyzing information found relating to resources was made possible by identifying readily available support offered at the college for faculty, staff, and students. In identifying these resources, the college was able to take note of any missing support that needed to be implemented to ensure justice was being maintained. This longitudinal process not only allows the college to see areas where they thrive, but it also highlights any shortcomings of the college while providing the institution with information to spark innovative ideas to strengthen and further promote justice.
Structural Design and Performance of Cut-Resistant Fabrics with Concave–Convex Arrays
Authors: Jiang Fei , Su Ting , Fang Leimei , Zhao Kezheng , Cong Honglian
Published: July 2024

As the risk of social security increases, it is crucial to develop flexible protective materials that combine flexibility with high protective performance. Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was selected as the raw material, and four types of flat-knitting cut-resistant fabrics were ultimately designed and prepared from a three-dimensional longitudinal dimension and concave–convex array structure based on rib knitting. A series of experiments must be conducted on fabrics in order to study the law of protection performance of different structural fabrics. They were thus subjected to comprehensive evaluation and theoretical analysis of cut resistance. The results demonstrate that the four structural fabrics exhibited resilience in abrasion tests, withstanding over 100,000 cycles without failure. A weighting algorithm was employed to determine the comprehensive cutting resistance of the S1, S2, S3, and S4 structural fabrics, resulting in values of 1939.9 gf, 2298.6 gf, 2577.1 gf, and 2822.2 gf, respectively. Therefore, S1 reached class A4, which is sufficient to address a medium cut hazard. Similarly, S2, S3, and S4 reached class A5, which is adequate to address a high cut hazard. The obtained fitting equation, with uniform yarn fineness T as the dependent variable, demonstrates that the cut resistance improved as the concave–convex density level increased.
Effects of Polyethylene Terephthalate Particle Size on the Performance of Engineered Cementitious Composites
Authors: Chen Shijia , Liu Runan , Liu Liuyi , Huang Xinying , Lin Jiaxiang
Published: July 2024

This study utilizes polyethylene terephthalate (PET) aggregate of different particle sizes (21 μm, 107 μm, and 244 μm) to replace natural aggregate in the preparation of PET-modified engineered cementitious composite (P-ECC). The impact of PET aggregate particle size on the performance of P-ECC is examined herein from micro to macro levels. The focus is on the influence patterns and mechanisms of P-ECC’s workability, its basic mechanical properties, and its microstructure. Crack parameters are processed to quantitatively analyze crack development patterns. Using microscopic techniques, the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between different aggregates and the cement matrix is compared, and the failure mechanism of P-ECC is analyzed. The results show that the incorporation of PET aggregate can improve P-ECC’s workability and reduce its self-weight, but incorporation has a negative effect on compressive strength. Additionally, the particle size of PET aggregate significantly affects the uniaxial tensile performance of P-ECC. Compared to conventional ECC, the tensile strength of P-S (21 μm PET) increased the most markedly (18.1%), and the ultimate tensile strain of P-M (107 μm PET) increased the most markedly (66.0%), with both demonstrating good crack control and deformation energy dissipation capabilities. The uniaxial tensile performance of P-L (244 μm PET) was lower than that of the conventional ECC. Microscopic tests revealed that the increase in PET aggregate particle size enlarges the ITZ width and its surrounding pores. Appropriate pore enlargement is beneficial for enhancing tensile ductility, while excessive pores have a negative effect. The study results reveal the impact of PET aggregate particle size on the performance of P-ECC, providing new insights for the performance optimization of ECC.
Fatigue Performance of 3D-Printed Poly-Lactic-Acid Bone Scaffolds with Triply Periodic Minimal Surface and Voronoi Pore Structures
Authors: Bakhtiari Hamed , Nouri Alireza , Tolouei-Rad Majid
Published: July 2024

Bone scaffolds serve a crucial role in tissue engineering, particularly in facilitating bone regeneration where natural repair is insufficient. Despite advancements in the fabrication of polymeric bone scaffolds, the challenge remains to optimize their mechanical resilience. Specifically, research on the fatigue behaviour of polymeric bone scaffolds is scarce. This study investigates the influence of pore architecture on the mechanical performance of poly-lactic-acid (PLA) scaffolds under quasi-static and cyclic compression. PLA scaffolds with a 60% porosity were fabricated using extrusion-based 3D printing in various designs: Gyroid, Lidinoid, Fischer–Koch, IWP, and Voronoi. Results demonstrated that Gyroid scaffolds had the highest compressive strength (6.6 MPa), followed by Lidinoid, Fischer–Koch, IWP, and Voronoi designs. Increased strut thickness was linked to higher compressive strength. However, normalized fatigue resistance showed a different pattern. While scaffolds resisted fatigue cycles at low strain amplitudes, fatigue damage was observed at higher strains. Voronoi structures exhibited the highest normalized fatigue performance, enduring around 58,000 cycles at 85% strain amplitude, followed by Gyroid, Fischer–Koch, Lidinoid, and IWP structures. Enhanced fatigue performance in different topologies correlated with the minimum cross-sectional area of scaffolds. Given the importance of both static and fatigue strength, the Gyroid topology emerges as the superior choice overall.
Microbial Biosynthesis of Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA) from Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Elazzazy Ahmed , Ali Abd Khawater , Bataweel Noor , Mahmoud Maged , Baghdadi Afra
Published: July 2024

Waste cooking oil is a common byproduct in the culinary industry, often posing disposal challenges. This study explores its conversion into the valuable bioplastic material, medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA), through microbial biosynthesis in controlled bioreactor conditions. Twenty-four bacterial isolates were obtained from oil-contaminated soil and waste materials in Mahd Ad-Dahab, Saudi Arabia. The best PHA-producing isolates were identified via 16S rDNA analysis as Neobacillus niacini and Metabacillus niabensis, with the sequences deposited in GenBank (accession numbers: PP346270 and PP346271). This study evaluated the effects of various carbon and nitrogen sources, as well as environmental factors, such as pH, temperature, and shaking speed, on the PHA production titer. Neobacillus niacini favored waste cooking oil and yeast extract, achieving a PHA production titer of 1.13 g/L, while Metabacillus niabensis preferred waste olive oil and urea, with a PHA production titer of 0.85 g/L. Both strains exhibited optimal growth at a neutral pH of 7, under optimal shaking -flask conditions. The bioreactor performance showed improved PHA production under controlled pH conditions, with a final titer of 9.75 g/L for Neobacillus niacini and 4.78 g/L for Metabacillus niabensis. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) confirmed the biosynthesized polymer as mcl-PHA. This research not only offers a sustainable method for transforming waste into valuable materials, but also provides insights into the optimal conditions for microbial PHA production, advancing environmental science and materials engineering.
Electrophysical Characteristics of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Composites Filled with Magnetite and Carbon Fiber Fillers
Authors: Lebedeva Elena A. , Ivanova Elena V. , Trukhinov Denis K. , Istomina Tatiana S. , Knyazev Nikolay S. , Malkin Alexander I. , Chechetkin Victor A. , Korotkov Alexey N. , Balasoiu Maria , Astaf’eva Svetlana A.
Published: July 2024

With the rapid development of wireless communication technologies and the miniaturization trend in the electronics industry, the reduction of electromagnetic interference has become an important issue. To solve this problem, a lot of attention has been focused on polymer composites with combined functional fillers. In this paper, we report a method for creating an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic composite with a low amount of conductive carbon and magnetic fillers preparation. Also, we investigate the mechanical, thermophysical, and electrodynamic characteristics of the resulting composites. Increasing the combined filler amount in the ABS composite from 1 to 5 wt % leads to a composite conductivity growth of almost 50 times. It is necessary to underline the temperature decrease of 5 wt % mass loss and, accordingly, the composite heat resistance reduction with an increase in the combined filler from 1 to 5 wt %, while the thermal conductivity remains almost constant. It was established that electrodynamic and physical–mechanical characteristics depend on the agglomeration of fillers. This work is expected to reveal the potential of combining commercially available fillers to construct effective materials with good electromagnetic interference (EMI) protection using mass production methods (extrusion and injection molding).