bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethical reflections on the use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in the academic sphere: writing and authorship
Authors: Delgado Vitor Rabelo , Sales Keanu Frota , Abreu Vinícius Augusto Carvalho de
Published: July 2024

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is emerging as a promising tool in academic production, offering the potential to help with literature reviews, content creation and idea generation. However, the use of AI raises ethical debates related to authorship, plagiarism and intellectual property. Therefore, regulating the use of AI in the academic sphere is necessary, through a dialog between the academic community, companies and governments that defines guidelines that consider principles such as transparency, justice, equity, responsibility and beneficence. The future of academic production will depend on the integration of AI with human expertise and judgment. Thus, this article is a comprehensive review of the existing literature on Generative Artificial Intelligence, ethics and intellectual property, synthesizing a solid knowledge base for discussing the use of these intelligent mechanisms within academic production.
ACTIVE DEEP SURROGATE MODEL FOR SPATIO-TEMPORAL EPIDEMIC DYNAMICS
Authors: Kurul Emel , Tunc Huseyin , Sari Murat , Guzel Nuran
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Epidemiology involves the study of how diseases spread and can be controlled in populations. In this work, we present a new data-driven deep learning method for parametric approximate solutions of spatio-temporal Susceptible-InfectedRecovered (SIR) models. Traditional SIR models focus on temporal dynamics and often neglect spatial variability, which is vital to accurately capture the spread of disease. We consider the (2+1)-dimensional reaction-diffusion model inspired from the traditional SIR framework. We derive an active deep surrogate model method to approximate the behavior of the PDE model in training. This approach takes advantage of the networks ability to approximate complex functions and reduce the computational costs associated with direct numerical simulations. We aim to develop a surrogate model that replicates PDE-based simulation dynamics and generalizes across different epidemiological parameters. We show that our novel approach produces highly accurate trajectories for diverse test cases.
REDUCED ORDER MODELİNG OF BRUSSELATOR MODEL
Authors: Mülayim Gülden
Published: July 2024

Abstract. We investigate reduced order model results for the linear cross-diffusion Brusselator model. The full-order system of the Brusselator model is calculated by applying the discontinuous Galerkin method in spatial discretization and the backward Euler method in temporal discretization. The reduced order model (ROM) is constructed by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) Galerkin projection. The nonlinear functions are computed by discrete empirical interpolation decomposition (DEIM) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). Numerical results represent that the POD-DEIM and POD-DMD solutions have almost the same results as FOM.
Against the Property Theory of Musical Works
Authors: Irmak Nurbay ,   Saint Louis University
Published: July 2024

The property theory of musical works is the view that identifies works of music with properties as universals. The purpose of this article is to distinguish different versions of the property theory and argue that none of them can satisfy certain demands we expect from a successful theory of musical works. I conclude that although properties as universals are familiar and useful in other domains, we cannot rely on them to explain the ontological nature of musical works.
FAKTOR –FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERKEMBANGAN LUMBUNG PANGAN MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN SUMBAWA
Authors: Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih , Ayu Ieke Wulan , Nurwahidah Siti , Yani Ahmad
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembanganlumbung pangan masyarakat di Kabupaten Sumbawa, Indonesia, dengan fokuspada variabel jenis kelamin, umur, pendidikan, dan jumlah anggota keluarga.Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif, dilakukan pada tigakelompok lumbung di Desa Jorok, Desa Marga Karya, dan Desa Semamung.Data dikumpulkan dari 45 rumah tangga selama 24 hingga 30 Juni 2024. Analisisdata menggunakan tabulasi dan metode Miles Hubberman. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa dominasi partisipasi laki-laki dalam kelompok pertanianmencapai 96%, yang menyoroti perlunya inklusi gender yang lebih kuat untukmeningkatkan efektivitas program. Kelompok usia 40-49 tahun mendominasi,dengan pengetahuan dan pengalaman yang berharga, sementara keterlibatangenerasi muda penting untuk inovasi dan keberlanjutan. Tingkat pendidikanmayoritas anggota adalah menengah, yang berhubungan positif dengan partisipasidalam program lumbung pangan. Variasi jumlah anggota keluarga menunjukkanperbedaan dalam kebutuhan tenaga kerja dan kontribusi ekonomi keluargaterhadap lumbung pangan. Kesimpulannya, pengelolaan lumbung pangan diKabupaten Sumbawa harus mempertimbangkan inklusi gender, keberagamanusia, pendidikan, dan jumlah anggota keluarga untuk mencapai ketahanan panganyang berkelanjutan dan inklusif
The Impact of Covid-19 on the Psychophysiological Indicators of Students
Authors: Harutyunyan Armеnuhi , Grigoryan Hasmik , Israyelyan Lilit
Published: July 2024

Key words: psychological well-being, depression, anxiety, teachers, students, stress, medical higher education institutions

Based on the PHQ-9 questionnaire results, our survey analysis revealed that 5 % of students reported no stress symptoms, while 45 % reported mild stress, 10 % – moderate stress, and 35 % – severe stress. Although just 5 % of respondents experienced a neuropsychic stress, it is important to pay attention to this group since they may already be at risk of developing serious psycho-emotional illnesses.
Emotional stability is an indicative of a healthy neurological system, while increased emotionality, on the other hand, can contribute to the development of mental illnesses and affective pathology (depression, anxiety, impaired personality perception, etc.).
According to an evaluation of students’ emotional states in relation to COVID-19 restrictions conducted during the 2022–2023 academic year: mood disorders, depressive and anxious states are the most prevalent, and have a major negative influence on life quality. Numerous functional impairments may result from these illnesses. High level of anxiety has a major effect on students’ functioning and learning efficiency. Anxiety and depression, two affective illnesses, raise the possibility of "emotional burnout," a combination of low self-esteem, disorganization, and emotional tiredness.
According to our research, students have high levels of psycho-emotional stress, anxiety, restlessness, negative thoughts, and a decline in optimism and faith in the future.
These factors can raise the risk of cardiovascular, neurological, hormonal and autoimmune system diseases, which can then result in general exhaustion and a decline in cognitive function.
We assume that actions are required to address the aforementioned issues, especially those that are psychological, physiotherapeutic, and health-related.
A Method for Generating Synthetic Data based on Genetic Algorithms for Modeling Credit Risk
Authors: Arakelyan Garnik
Published: July 2024

Key words: logistic regression, kNN, genetic algorithm, mutation, data grouping, correlation

Any company, including banks and credit organizations, operates in an unstable environment and may incur significant losses without having complete information about it. One of the main sources of such losses is credit risk, for the management of which various mathematical models are created. However, modeling often faces challenges related to the lack of a sufficient number of observations.
Within the research topic, studies by other researchers have been examined. In this work, an attempt was made to create synthetic data based on a small number of real credit observations, which can be used to create machine learning models that require a large dataset.
To generate synthetic data, the logic of genetic algorithms, the concepts of Darwin's theory of evolution, as well as machine learning methods that do not require a large amount of data were used. The quality of the generated data was assessed using statistical methods.
The results obtained are practically applicable and demonstrate that any bank or credit organization can develop a high-quality solution for managing credit risks even with a small amount of available data.
บทบาทของวุฒิสภาในการตรวจสอบถ่วงดุลฝ่ายบริหาร ศึกษากรณีการตั้งคณะกรรมาธิการวิสามัญ ในช่วง พ.ศ. 2562-2565
Authors:   , ไกยชน คณาธิป
Published: July 2024

เอกัตศึกษาฉบับนี้ มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาวิเคราะห์บทบาทของวุฒิสภาชุดแรกตามรัฐธรรมนูญแห่งราชอาณาจักรไทย พุทธศักราช 2560 ในการตั้งคณะกรรมาธิการวิสามัญ ในช่วง พ.ศ. 2562-2565 ว่าเป็นไปตามหลักการตรวจสอบถ่วงดุลและเจตนารมณ์ของรัฐธรรมนูญหรือไม่ เนื่องจากมีที่มาจาก “คณะรักษาความสงบแห่งชาติ" ซึ่งต่อมาได้เป็นองค์กรผู้ใช้อำนาจทางบริหาร ผลการศึกษาพบว่า ในช่วง พ.ศ. 2562-2565 การตั้งคณะกรรมาธิการวิสามัญของวุฒิสภาตามข้อบังคับการประชุมวุฒิสภา พ.ศ. 2562 ยังขาดความชัดเจนในเรื่องขอบเขตอำนาจหน้าที่ องค์ประกอบ การคัดเลือกบุคคลภายนอกเพื่อแต่งตั้งเป็นกรรมาธิการวิสามัญ รวมถึงการดำเนินงานของคณะกรรมาธิการวิสามัญดังกล่าว สะท้อนให้เห็นถึงบทบาทของวุฒิสภาในการตรวจสอบถ่วงดุลฝ่ายบริหารค่อนข้างน้อย ดังเห็นได้จากรายงานของคณะกรรมาธิการวิสามัญโดยส่วนใหญ่จะเห็นชอบร่างพระราชบัญญัติโดยไม่มีการแก้ไขหรือแก้ไขน้อย อีกทั้งข้อสังเกตของคณะกรรมาธิการวิสามัญยังมีลักษณะเป็นการแนะนำหรือสนับสนุนฝ่ายบริหารมากกว่าการตรวจสอบถ่วงดุล ในขณะที่การตั้งคณะกรรมาธิการวิสามัญของประเทศอังกฤษ และประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกา มีการกำหนดจำนวนคณะกรรมาธิการวิสามัญค่อนข้างชัดเจน และมีการคัดเลือกบุคคลที่มีคุณสมบัติเหมาะสมและเป็นประโยชน์ต่อการทำหน้าที่ของคณะกรรมาธิการวิสามัญ จึงสมควรแก้ไขเพิ่มเติมบทบัญญัติของรัฐธรรมนูญและข้อบังคับการประชุมวุฒิสภาที่เกี่ยวข้องกับขอบเขตอำนาจหน้าที่ องค์ประกอบ และวิธีการคัดเลือกบุคคลภายนอกเพื่อแต่งตั้งเป็นกรรมาธิการวิสามัญ อันจะนำไปสู่การส่งเสริมบทบาทของวุฒิสภาในการตรวจสอบถ่วงดุลฝ่ายบริหารโดยกลไกของคณะกรรมาธิการวิสามัญให้เป็นไปโดยสอดคล้องกับหลักการตรวจสอบถ่วงดุลและเจตนารมณ์ของรัฐธรรมนูญมากยิ่งขึ้น
เครื่องมือทางกฎหมายในการบริหารจัดการการค้าบริการทางเพศภายใต้วัฒนธรรมทางกฎหมายไทยและต่างประเทศ
Authors:   , กุลสุวรรณ ศุภชัย
Published: July 2024

เอกัตศึกษาฉบับนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาวัฒนธรรมทางกฎหมายและเครื่องมือทางกฎหมายเกี่ยวกับการค้าบริการทางเพศ โดยมุ่งให้เห็นถึงการมีอิทธิพลของวัฒนธรรมทางกฎหมายที่มีส่วนช่วยในการกำหนดรูปแบบเครื่องมือทางกฎหมายเกี่ยวกับการค้าบริการทางเพศ รวมทั้งศึกษาตัวอย่างการจัดวางเครื่องมือทางกฎหมายในการบริหารจัดการการค้าบริการทางเพศของต่างประเทศ เพื่อนำไปสู่การวิเคราะห์หาเครื่องมือทางกฎหมายในการบริหารจัดการการค้าบริการทางเพศของไทย ซึ่งจากการศึกษาพบว่าวัฒนธรรมทางกฎหมายไทยได้เริ่มมีการเปลี่ยนแปลงไป นับแต่โครงสร้างทางสังคมไทยได้เปลี่ยนผ่านมาสู่ระบบทุนนิยมและมุ่งให้ความสำคัญกับสิทธิและเสรีภาพของปัจเจกชน จึงส่งผลให้เกิดพัฒนาการทางกฎหมายและการเปลี่ยนแปลงแนวคิดทางกฎหมายมาสู่การมุ่งให้ความคุ้มครองและเยียวยา แทนการมุ่งลงโทษผู้ค้าบริการทางเพศ กับทั้งยังพบว่าคนในสังคมได้เริ่มมีมุมมองต่อการค้าบริการทางเพศว่าเป็นอาชีพประเภทหนึ่ง จึงทำให้เกิดข้อเรียกร้องและความต้องการทางกฎหมายให้รัฐจัดหาเครื่องมือทางกฎหมายที่มุ่งให้ความคุ้มครองแก่ผู้ค้าบริการทางเพศในระหว่างประกอบอาชีพ แทนการใช้มาตรการคุ้มครองและพัฒนาอาชีพ ตาม พ.ร.บ. ป้องกันและปราบปรามการค้าประเวณี พ.ศ. 2539 ซึ่งเป็นการให้ความคุ้มครองภายหลังที่ผู้ค้าบริการทางเพศเลิกประกอบอาชีพแล้วเท่านั้น ดังนั้น เอกัตศึกษาฉบับนี้จึงเสนอแนะให้มีการจัดวางเครื่องมือทางกฎหมายในการบริหารจัดการการค้าบริการทางเพศที่มีความสอดคล้องกับวัฒนธรรมทางกฎหมายไทยที่เปลี่ยนแปลงไป โดยทั้งนี้ ผู้เขียนเห็นว่าเครื่องมือทางกฎหมายดังกล่าว จะสามารถใช้เป็นแนวทางให้ความคุ้มครองในระยะสั้น ในระหว่างที่ยังมิได้มีกฎหมายรับรองอาชีพค้าบริการทางเพศ ทั้งจะช่วยลดความเสี่ยงอันตรายอันอาจเกิดขึ้นได้จากการประกอบอาชีพค้าบริการทางเพศนั้นด้วย
TÜRK HALK MÜZİĞİ VE MEDYA İLİŞKİSİ İÇERİSİNDE ŞEKİLLENEN ARABULUCU BİR TÜR: BAĞLAMA ETÜTLERİ
Authors: Erkan Serdar
Published: July 2024

Türk halk müziğinin toplumsal icra alanları, medya araçlarının çeşitlenmesi ve kültürel içeriğin yaygınlaştırılmasıyla paralel bir şekilde genişlemiştir. Birincil sözlü kültür ortamı olan yerel kültür sahalarından basılı nota, ses kaydı; radyo yayınları, plak-kaset kayıtları, televizyon yayınları ve internet medya platformları aracılığıyla bağlamsızlaştırılarak ayrılan müzik yeni dolayım (mediation) süreçlerinde topluluklar tarafından öğelerine ayrılmış, yeniden birleştirilmiş ve yeni tanımlara, sınırlamalara, biçimlere, türlere, anlamlara ve yeni bağlamlara kavuşmuştur. Halk müziğini görece sabit toplumsal yapılar ve yalnızca “sözlü kültür” üzerine kurgulanmış klasik kültür, tür, anlam, topluluk ve bağlam tanımları ile ele almak günümüzde onu özgün bir ifade aracı olarak tanımlamak için yeterli değildir. Dolayısıyla halk müziği ortak paydasında ortaya çıkan bu yeni icra pratiklerini toplum bilimsel olarak ele almamızı sağlayan kavram ve teoriler önem kazanmaktadır.
Bu çalışmanın konusu, sözlü iletişimden internet çağına kadar kullanılan medya biçimlerinin sağladığı iletişim kanalları aracılığıyla şekillenen, Türk halk müziğinin temel çalgılarından bağlamanın eğitiminde kullanılan etütlerin dönemsel görünümlerini incelemektir. Diğer bir deyişle, bu çalışma, bağlama çalgısı eğitiminin dönemsel olarak değişen medya araçlarına göre nasıl şekil aldığı; öğretenlerin, öğrencilere ne aktardığıyla ilgilenmektedir ki genel anlamda bu aktarılan bilgiyi çalışmanın sınırları içinde “etüt” olarak adlandıracağız.
Adoption of different sets of English words by Serbian-speaking students of technology
Authors: Igrutinović Smiljana , Banković Nevena
Published: July 2024

The aim of the paper is to examine the effect of three different groups of words on learning new vocabulary by students of English for Specific Purposes. Semantically related, thematically related, and semantically unrelated sets of words were presented to the students. After each presentation, immediate tests of receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge were performed in which the students translated words in isolation in both translation directions. Delayed testing was conducted fourteen days later and the students also answered the questions on the difficulty of each group of words and translation direction. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the test results. The results of immediate testing showed there was no statistically significant difference between students' receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge of the three sets of words. However, the results of the delayed test showed a significant difference in favour of the semantically related words because the students knew more words from this group compared to the thematically related and semantically unrelated groups of words. The students' attitudes are consistent with the obtained results since most of the students think that the easiest set of words for them to acquire is the semantic one. Therefore, we conclude that semantically related sets of words can be presented to the students in the classroom, although some authors claim that the semantic connection between the words hinders the acquisition of the new vocabulary.
Creation of an algorithm for detecting lexical minimums in Serbian as a foreign language at the A1 level
Authors: Medenica Luka , Oparnica Milena
Published: July 2024

Programs for automatic text correction and adaptation have an increasing influence on modern language didactics. Given that such tools are not used in teaching Serbian as a foreign language, the goal of our research was to determine the lexical minimums for level A1 in Serbian as a foreign language and create an algorithm for their detection, i.e., to take the first steps in developing a program for automatic text correction and adaptation. In the research, we used a methodology that relies on the linguo-didactics of Russian as a foreign language, taking into account the developed corpora of lexical minimums in that Slavic language and the existence of the online tool Textometr for checking the complexity of the text. In this way, we identified 783 lexemes that represent the list of lexical minimums for level A1 in Serbian as a foreign language. Then, for the purposes of the paper, we created an algorithm in the Python programming language, which we tested on a specific text and found certain shortcomings when it comes to lemmatization of the text. In the following period, it is necessary to refine the lemmatizer in order to develop a program for automatic text correction.
University of Costa Rica's English Diagnostic Test 2022: Evidence of validity and reliability
Authors: Araya Walter , Fallas José
Published: July 2024

The English Diagnostic Test aims to assess reading comprehension skills for firstyear students at the University of Costa Rica. In 2022, this test consisted of four instruments with 55 items. Instruments were based on an academic reading, following the criteria B2+ or C1 level according to Common European Framework of Reference for languages. This paper explores the evidence of validity and reliability from 1732 first-year students virtually assessed in March of 2022, using the platform of the Programa de Evaluacion en Lenguas Extranjeras (PELEx). Results from this study demonstrated the unidimensionality of the four instruments. Cronbach's alphas for the four instruments ranged from 0.79 to 0.84. Evidence collected in this study supports the work done by the School on Modern Languages in the development of valid and reliable instruments for the English Diagnostic Test, as part of the current needs of new students for undergraduate programs at the University of Costa Rica.
Research approach in teaching Nature and Society
Authors: Nikolić Ivko
Published: July 2024

In recent decades, great importance has been attached to teaching that promotes an active role of students in the learning process, and therefore the development of critical and divergent thinking in the teaching process. The aim of the research approach is to encourage students to independently investigate, discover, conclude and thus arrive at knowledge with the appropriate instructions of the teacher. For this research, we aimed to examine the educational practice of teachers in the implementation of the research approach in teaching Nature and Society. The purpose was to find out how familiar the teachers are with the concept of research approach, as well as to provide insight into teachers' competences and motivation, the frequency of their implementation of the research approach in teaching Nature and Society, and the interaction patterns and teaching methods they use. The results show that The World Around Us and Nature and Society syllabuses sufficiently (60%) provide instructions for content study through research work, and that teachers acquired a solid amount of knowledge about the application of this way of working during their education (69.4%). More than 80% of teachers believe that they have the competence to plan and implement a research approach in teaching. The results also indicate that when implementing the research approach, teachers use interaction patterns and teaching methods that enable greater student activity. Despite the above said, this research approach is not sufficiently applied, and the explanation provided is the lack of time and resources needed for research.
Gender differences in university students: Exploring life satisfaction through meta-analysis
Authors: Erdemir Nuri , Kis Ali
Published: July 2024

This study aims to determine the life satisfaction of university students on the basis of gender. Using a quantitative perspective, the study aims to assess the effects of gender on life satisfaction and aims to provide a comprehensive understanding. SMD analysis method was used to evaluate the effect size of life satisfaction based on gender. In this study, 40 studies with appropriate data for the variables were included in the analysis. The total sample consisted of 20063 students, of which 12564 were female and 7499 were male. According to the REM results, there was a statistically significant and small effect size in favor of women (Cohen's d=0.20). There was moderate heterogeneity in terms of overall effect size (Q=117.193, p=0.000; I 2 =66.722). The heterogeneity test of the studies was Q=117,193. In addition, it was found to have a heterogeneous structure p=0,000 (p<.05). It was found to be moderate heterogeneity I 2 =66,722. Related methods were used to understand the publication bias. As a result of this study, a statistically significant effect size in terms of gender and a small effect size in favor of women (Cohen's d=0.20) were found. It may be recommended that future research on this subject should include qualitative studies on why life satisfaction levels are relatively low in male students and relatively high in female students.
Who works more, and who works smarter?: Comparing Judicial Performance in Europe
Authors: Spaić Bojan , Đorđević Mila
Published: July 2024

This paper (1) analyzes the existing theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between the judicial performance and judicial efficiency, (2) compares the judicial performances in Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Austria, and Norway for the year 2020, (3) compares the judicial performances in different instances in Serbia for the same year, and (4) examines the performance standards that are set by law for Serbian judges. The authors conclude that in 2020 Serbian judges resolved more cases in all instances (there is a higher number of resolved cases per judge only in Austria, in first instance), while at the same time falling short of the caseload standards set in Serbian law. Also, the study found excessive difference in the performance of Serbian courts, but that does not affect the evaluation of judges , since 485 evaluated judges out of 505 got the rating "exceptionally successfully performs the function of judge" for the year 2020.
Taking women's rights seriously: Women's struggle for a new "social contract" in Poland
Authors: Śledzińska-Simon Anna , Wójcik Anna
Published: July 2024

The article traces the trajectory of the struggle for woman's rights in Poland from 1989 to the present. It argues that the democratic transition successfully shaped the foundations of a liberal regime, but was accompanied from the outset by an agreement between the government and the Catholic Church that limited reproductive rights and led to a re-traditionalization of gender roles. This context is crucial to understanding the Constitutional Tribunal's interpretation of the constitution, which reinforced a kind of sexual contract, seeking to domesticate women. The change of government in 2015 significantly weakened guarantees of the rule of law and further curtailed reproductive rights, prompting mass protests and the mobilization of democratic opposition. This article posits that the overthrow of the illiberal regime in the recent parliamentary elections marks the beginning of a new social contract in Poland, in which woman's rights are taken seriously
Suspensive effect of claim in administrative dispute
Authors: Milkov Dragan , Radošević Ratko
Published: July 2024

The subject of this paper is the suspensive effect of a claim in an administrative dispute - in comparative and domestic law. Comparative law analysis includes German and Austrian law, having in mind that Serbian judicial control of administration is the closest to their systems. In the explanation of domestic law, we first start from a historical review. The central part of the paper deals with the valid legal regulations in domestic law. The results of the research, which, in addition to legal norms, also includes theoretical explanations and court practice, show a fundamentally different approach to this issue. Different approach leads to a different role of the court in providing this provisional legal protection to the parties. Regardless, however, of the form in which it appears, the question of suspensive effect of a claim in an administrative dispute is always connected with weighing the engaged interests and trying to establish some balance between them.
Investigation of adverse effects following COVID-19 immunization: A comparison of six vaccines in Pakistan
Authors: Sana Ayesha , Noor Saba , Iqbal Kashif , Maryam Shazma , Sahar Najam-us- , Sufyan Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Aim: This survey was created to find out the prevalence of immunized people and its objectives include evaluating how the general public responded to the six different COVID-19 vaccination and the range and severity of six COVID-19 vaccine adverse effects that participants self-reported. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey using questionnaires was carried out. The development and proper validation of a self-administered questionnaire were completed. SPSS version 23.0 was used to analyze data. For statistical evaluation, descriptive analysis was used to determine demographic frequency and percentage, other questions, and adverse effects. Analysis of associations between study variables was done using chi-square tests. Each participant gave verbal consent before the collection of data. The participants’ confidentiality was protected. Results: A total of 493 participants were enrolled in the study, with 42.6% of them falling between the age range of 21 to 30 years. A total of 493 people had acquired vaccinations; of these, 25.96% had obtained Sinopharm, 22.31% had received Cansino Pakvac, 16.63% had acquired Pfizer, 12.57% had given Sinovac, 11.96% had obtained Moderna, and 10.54% had received AstraZeneca. These vaccines’ most significant adverse effects included injection site pain, fever, headache, weariness, myalgia, joint pain, and chills. Conclusion: Even though after receiving the first dose of the vaccination, over 55% of those who received it reported musculoskeletal side effects, such as muscle aches and fatigue, we found that participants generally accepted the vaccination. After obtaining the second vaccine shot, it was observed that participants did not have as many adverse effects.
Overview of an Association of Renin-Angiotensin System with
Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Yu Jeong Jin
Published: July 2024

The renin-angiotensin system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis of
the cardiovascular system, and there have been studies on its relevance to the
onset of Kawasaki disease and coronary artery complications. However, there is
still a lack of sufficient and consistent research data regarding the diagnosis
and prognostication of Kawasaki disease using the genetic/serologic biomarkers
associated with this system. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
or angiotensin receptor blockers as therapeutic agents also lacks substantial
experimental and clinical evidence. According to the JCS/JSCS guideline, in the
case of patients with coronary artery aneurysms, the use of these medications in
combination with other conventional treatments could be considered with the
consent of the patient/guardians.
Pilot Study to Assess the Effect of An-shen Aqua-acupuncture on Heart Rate in Healthy Dogs: A Randomized, Cross-over Trial
Authors: Gunasekaran Tamilselvam , Sanders Robert
Published: July 2024

The objective of this randomized, crossover, pilot study was to assess the effect of aqua-acupuncture (aqua-AP) at An-shen acupoint on heart rate (HR) in healthy dogs. Thirteen dogs were randomized to receive aqua-AP at An-shen acupoint using solutions of normal saline, Traumeel®, and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) with a minimum of one-week washout period between crossovers. An ambulatory electrocardiography (Holter) was recorded for 24 hours before and after each aqua-AP to assess the changes in 24-hour mean HR, maximum HR, and minimum HR. No dogs experienced any adverse effects from aqua-AP treatment. After aqua-AP, 91% of dogs with vitamin B12, 60% with Traumeel®, and 42% with normal saline experienced a decrease in 24-hour mean HR. The mean (with 95% confidence interval) decreases in 24-hour mean HR (bpm) from baseline was 4.18 (1.8 to 6.5) with vitamin B12, 3.9 (-3.7 to 3.1) with Traumeel®, and -0.25 (-7.7 to -1.1) with normal saline. The changes in maximum and minimum HR were variable with wider confidence estimates around the mean change in the respective HR’s for any aqua-AP solution. The results of this pilot study show that aqua-AP with vitamin B12 provided the greatest decrease in 24-hour mean HR in healthy dogs. Further confirmatory studies are warranted to assess the effect of aqua-AP on HR in clinical conditions that warrant HR reduction.
The Influence of Fintech Innovations, ESG Reporting, and Blockchain Technology on Financial Transparency and Accountability
Authors: Rerung Ahadi , Paranita Ekayana Sangkasari , Agung AY Rina Asmara , Salamah Fitri , Tandililing Elia Madatu
Published: July 2024

This study explores the influence of financial technology (Fintech) innovations, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting, and blockchain technology on financial transparency and accountability through a qualitative literature review. By examining a diverse range of academic papers, industry reports, and case studies, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these factors contribute to enhancing financial transparency and accountability in the modern financial landscape. The literature review reveals that Fintech innovations, including mobile banking, peer-to-peer lending, and automated investment services, significantly improve financial transparency by providing more accessible and real-time financial information to stakeholders. These innovations enhance accountability by enabling more efficient and accurate tracking of financial transactions and performance.
ESG reporting, which involves disclosing information related to a company's environmental impact, social practices, and governance structures, plays a crucial role in promoting financial transparency. It ensures that stakeholders are informed about the non-financial aspects of a company’s operations, thereby fostering greater accountability and ethical business practices. The integration of blockchain technology further enhances transparency and accountability by offering a decentralized and immutable ledger system that ensures the integrity and traceability of financial transactions. This technology reduces the risk of fraud and corruption, providing a transparent and accountable framework for financial reporting.
Despite these benefits, the study also highlights challenges such as regulatory hurdles, the need for technological infrastructure, and concerns over data privacy and security. The findings suggest that the combined use of Fintech, ESG reporting, and blockchain technology has the potential to significantly improve financial transparency and accountability, provided that these challenges are addressed. This research offers valuable insights for financial institutions, policymakers, and technology developers aiming to enhance financial practices through innovative solutions.
Excision of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cyst Using Arthroscopic Two Portal Posteromedial Technique
Authors: Gladston Jibin V , R Srinivas , Das Sibi , Silvanose Christudas
Published: July 2024

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) ganglion cysts are rare benign lesions of the knee that can cause pain and limit the range of motion. A 42-year-old female, presented with 2 years of pain in her right knee that was worse with kneeling, full extension, and strenuous activities. Physical examination revealed tenderness in the popliteal fossa and MRI confirmed the presence of a PCL ganglion cyst. A two-portal posteromedial technique is used to excise a PCL ganglion cyst that underwent arthroscopic surgery under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia. Two posteromedial portals were created, and the cyst was removed with a combination of a radiofrequency wand and shaver. The cyst wall was cleared from the PCL fibers and shiny white fibers of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus were preserved. The patient tolerated the procedure well, returned to her normal activities after 2 weeks, and was able to weight bear. This case report demonstrates the effectiveness of the two-portal posteromedial technique, which gives excellent visualization of the posterior compartment and allows for the safe and effective removal of the cyst without injury to the PCL or other structures.
Perforated Meckel’s Diverticulum Causing Acute Abdomen-A Rare Case
Authors: Cherukula Anil Reddy , N Jajoo Suhas , Saxena Garima , J Harshita
Published: July 2024

One of the most prevalent congenital gastrointestinal anomalies is Meckel's Diverticulum. A Meckel's Diverticulum presents with hemorrhage, inflammation and obstruction as its most common consequences. Its perforation on its own is quite rare, which is similar to acute appendicitis in presentation. In addition to hemorrhage and intestinal obstruction, perforation, intussusception, volvulus, and malignant transformation are some of its other consequences. Due to the possibility of non-specific presenting symptoms and the difficulty of making a differential diagnosis in children and adults, the preoperative diagnosis of MD can be time- and cost-intensive. We present a case of a 14-year-old boy who developed perforation in Meckel's Diverticulum with pyoperitonitis, a rare condition.
A case of multiple bilateral accessory nipples (polythelia) in a male
Authors: Bhatia N , Bhatia V
Published: July 2024

Polythelia is a condition in which accessory nipples are formed along the milk line. A 29 year old male was seen with multiple bilateral accessory nipples during routine abdominal examination. There were no other signs and symptoms of any other problem related to the presence of the accessory nipples.
Lipomyelo Meningocele - A rare congenital anomaly in a female child
Authors: S.Bilodi Arun Kumar , Jain Neeraj , Jain Vibha
Published: July 2024

A 4-month old female child reported to Paediatric Out Patient Department at Nepalgunj Medical College, Teaching Hospital, Nepalgunj, Nepal with a history of progressive slow growth over the lumbosacral region since birth. There was no neurological deficit, without bladder involvement but she had only single growth over the lumbosacral region with depression in center. This growth was diagnosed as lipomyelomeningocele which is very rare congenital anomaly. Hence this case was studied and reported.
Multidrug resistance and extended spectrum betalactamase producing strains causing lower respiratory tract and urinary tract infection
Authors: Pokharel B.M. , Koirala J. , Mishra S.K. , Khadga R.K , Tuladhar N.R.
Published: July 2024

Background: Multidrug resistance (MDR) and Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains are becoming world-wide problem. With a view to determine prevalence of MDR and ESBL strains causing lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and urinary tract infection (UTI), a pilot study was conducted in Microbiology Laboratory of TUTH from April-September 2004.
Material and Methods:Sputum and urine samples were collected, cultured and the bacterial isolates were identified with the use of standard method as described by American Society for Microbiology. These bacterial isolates were then subjected for antibiotics-sensitivity test with the use of disc diffusion method as described by Kirby Bauer. ESBL production was tested as described by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS).
Results:Of the total bacterial isolates from sputum samples, 47.57% were MDR. The ESBL producing isolates were 24.27%. In case of urinary isolates, 60.40% and 16.00%. were found to be MDR and ESBL respectively.
Conclusion: These strains should be subjected for genetic study to acquire their detail genetic make-up to characterize the mechanism of drug resistance. This type of study should be continued throughout the year in order to acquire exact status of MDR and ESBL in Nepal.
Overview of Nasal masses
Authors: Pradhananga R.B. , Adhikari P. , Thapa N.M. , Shrestha A. , Pradhan B.
Published: July 2024

Background: This study was performed to determine distribution of various nasal masses and correlate between clinical and histopathological diagnosis.
Methods: A prospective study of 143 cases of nasal masses were done in patients of > 13 years undergoing surgery over 2 years period (Apr.2004 to Apr.2006). All the patients with suggestive symptoms were examined and diagnosed clinically. All the patients were posted for surgical treatment and the specimens were sent for histopathological examination postoperatively, and reports were noted. The age and sex distribution with patients of various nasal masses and correlation between clinical and histological diagnosis also were analyzed.
Results: There were 78 male and 65 female operated for nasal masses. Among the nasal masses operated, the commonest was the ethmoidal polyps (53 patients, 37.06%). The ethmoidal polyps, polyps, bleeding polypus of septum and fungal polyps were common in age group of <40 years whereas inverted papilloma and malignancy were common in >40 years. The ethmoidal polyps and AC polyps were common in male whereas bleeding polypus of septum were in female. A case of venous haemangioma (histopathology) was clinically diagnosed as angiofibroma. In one clinically suspected case of ethmoidal polyps was reported as inverted papilloma. Similarly clinically diagnosed five cases of inverted papilloma were histopathologically reported as inflammatory polyps in two, angiofibroma in one and Squamous cell carcinoma in two cases.
Conclusion: The commonest nasal masses operated was ethmoidal polyps. A discrepancy between the pre-operative clinical diagnosis and final histopathological diagnosis was found in 6.3% of the patients.
Blood Lead Levels of Primary School children in Kathmandu Municipality, Nepal
Authors: Sherchand O , Mehta K.D , Poudel P , Deo B , Baral N
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Lead is a toxic metal which has contaminated our environment and created health problems around the globe. Children are vulnerable to lead as the intake per unit body weight is higher and even low levels can cause neurological damage. Nepal lacks data on sources of lead exposure and its health impacts; hence screening of blood lead is mandatory.
Objectives: To determine blood lead levels, its associated risk factors and impact on health in primary school children in Kathmandu municipality, Nepal.
Methods: A total of 218 school children between 6-16 years age from Kathmandu were included in the study undertaken from November 2012 to June 2013. Consents were taken from guardians and students. Questionnaire was used to acquire data followed by blood sampling. Lead was measured using atomic absorption Spectrophotometer, hemoglobin and serum calcium was measured using commercial kits. Intelligent Quotient was assessed using serum form board. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Results: Overall, 63% (137) had detectable blood lead level (BLL) and 54% (117) had BLL ≥ 5 ug/dl. 55% were male and 45% female. The median BLL (IQR) was 8(0-34) and 4(0-18)b in males and females respectively. The mean hemoglobin and serum calcium was 13.7±2.4 and 8.1±1.8 respectively. On risk factors evaluation, the odds of having elevated blood lead level (EBLL) was significantly higher in children living in homes with chipping walls (p value 0.001). Children belonging to families with lower socioeconomic status (p value 0.001) and residing near traffic congested areas (p value 0.007). The median IQ was 73.5(66–91). EBLL showed significant negative correlation with IQ (p value 0.001). EBLL was identified as significant risk factor lowering IQ by 2.35 points per 10 ug/dl rise in blood.
Conclusion: Children living in homes with chipping walls, having lower socioeconomic status and residing near traffic congested areas had significantly higher lead level. EBLL showed significant negative correlation with IQ.
Nosocomial Bacterial Infection and Antimicrobial Resistant Pattern in a Tertiary care Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Sah MK , Mishra SK , Kirikae T , Sherchan JB , Rijal BP , Pokhrel BM
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Nosocomial infection is a global problem with multi facet outcomes. At present, the emergence of resistance to antimicrobial agents is a global public health problem which is well pronounced in developing countries.
Methods: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacteria causing nosocomial infections and their antibiotics resistant pattern among the patients admitted at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Kathmandu, Nepal. The study was conducted during a period of March 2011 to February 2012. Nine hundred clinical specimens which included urine, sputum, endotracheal aspirates, pus & blood were subjected for bacterial culture and their antibiotics sensitivity test at the Department of Microbiology with the use of standard method as described by American Society for Microbiology (ASM).
Results: Prevalence of bacteria causing nosocomial infection was 34.4% (n=310). Out of 310 specimens, urine 122 (39.30%), sputum 78(25.2%), pus 78(25.2%), endotracheal secreation 24 (7.7%) and blood 8(2.6%). Three hundred thirty three bacteria were isolated from three hundred ten specimens. The most common isolates were Escherichia coli followed by Acinetobacter species, Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus. In-vitro antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed that the Gram-negatives bacilli were only sensitive to fluroquinolones, ceftrixone, cefepime carbapenem, polymyxin B and colistin sulphate while the Gram-positive cocci were sensitive to fluroquinolones, Ceftroxone, cefepime and vancomycin.
Conclusion: The findings suggested the need for constant monitoring of susceptibility of specific pathogens in different populations to commonly used anti-microbial agents to cope up this alarming situation in the hospital for the management of such patients and prevent the dissemination of such strains.
Factors Associated with Depression among Elderly Living in Old Age Homes in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Timalsina R , Sherpa P D , Dhakal D K
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The elderly people not only face physical problems as they are age, they also experience mental health related problems. The main objective of the study was to identify the level of depression and the factors associated with them among elderly living in old age homes in Kathmandu Valley of Nepal.
Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive analytical study design was used among 173 respondents who were selected by purposive sampling method. Interview was carried out using socio-demographic and other variables related tool, the partially adopted coping checklist and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The data analysis was done by using Epidata and SPSS software version 16. Chi-square test and odds ratio were calculated.
Results: This study revealed that 126 (72.8%) respondents had depression. Out of them, according to GDS, 98 (56.6%) and 28 (16.2%) respondents had mild and severe depression respectively. Among 45 male respondents, 28 (62.2%) had depression as compared to 98 (76.6%) out of 128 female respondents. The respondents who had chronic physical health problems; different types of worries like financial security, lack of social relation, lack of favorite activities, fear of future and dissatisfaction with environment of the elderly homes, feeling of stress and even those respondents who used coping strategies like self blame were found to have depression.
Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be suggested that new coping strategies as well as mind diversional activities should be sought for preventing depression among elderly living in old age homes.
Antithrombotic agents and Risk Profile of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation from Rural Part of Nepal
Authors: Dhungana SP , Sherpa K
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an atrial tachyarrhythmia characterized by uncoordinated activation of atria with subsequent impairment of atrial mechanical function. Anticoagulation with warfarin decreases the ischemic stroke risk associated with AF. Although the trends of anticoagulation use and risk profiles of AF is available from different countries, but, there is scarcity of data from Nepal. Hence, the study was carried out to determine the current practices of antithrombotic use in rural Nepal.
Methods: A total of 240 patients from January 2012 to September 2014 with and without admitted but diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) were enrolled from Lumbini Medical College, Palpa. Demographic information, clinical history, co-morbid conditions, use of anticoagulants and risk factors for stroke were obtained from questionnaire designated. Clinical examinations were performed along with electrocardiography and echocardiography from each patient.
Results: A total of 240 patients, diagnosis with atrial fibrillation (AF) from outpatient or admitted, the mean ranged was 63.3 years (20 to 90). Male: female ratio was 0.84. Majority of patients (60%) were of age >60 years. Mean heart rate was 98 bpm. Among risk factors for AF, hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, systolic and diastolic heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart diseases were common underlying problems. Ninety percent of patients had dilated left atrium (>40mm). Among patients with non-valvular AF. 39.1% had CHADS2 score of ≥ 2 who were eligible for oralanticoagulants and 18.9 % patients received it. Out of 44 with rheumatic heart disease and AF, 10(22.7%) patients obtained oral anticoagulants,
Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for improved treatments of underlying risk factors to prevent the onset of AF and adequate use of OACs to prevent stroke risk.
Sensitivity of Cornell, Sokolow-Lyon and Romhilt-Estes Electrocardiographic Criteria for Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Nepalese Population
Authors: Thakur KK , Devkota S , Khanal R , Gajurel RM , Sayami A
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Hypertension with hypertensive heart disease very common cardiovascular problem in Nepalese population and major cause of morbidity and mortality. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) as a marker hypertension can be detected by different ECG criteria as well as echocardiography. Here we study the sensitivity of different electrocardiography (ECG) criteria in detecting left ventricular hypertrophy in patients having LVH on Echocardiography.
Methods: The study was conducted at the Echocardiography department and Out Patient Departhent of Manmohan Cardithoracic Vascular & Transplatnt Center, Institute of Medicine from May 2015 to August 2015. Ninty nine patients of hypertension having LVH on echocardiography were taken. Left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG was assessed by the help of Cornell, Sokolow-Lyon and Romhilt- Estes Point Score.
Results: Mean age of the study population (99 patients) was 56.65± 13.24 and majority of the patients were in age group 50-70. Male to female ratio was 2:1. Mean body mass index of the patients was 25.51±3.5; mean systolic blood pressure was 150.23 ±21.84.Only 13% of patients had normal body weight by Body Mass Index. Among 99 patients, positive Cornell criteria in ECG were noted in 32patients (32.32%), positive Sukolow criteria in ECG were noted in 43 patients (43.43%) and positive Romhilt- Estes ECG criteria were noted in 31 patients (31.31%). Combining these three criteria LVH was detected in 62 patients (62.62%).
Conclusion: Sukolow-lyon ECG criteria is most sensitivity in detection of left ventricular hypertrophy among Cornell, Suklow -lyon, Romhilt-Estes score. Sensitivity for detecting LVH is significantly increased if combined all these three criteria.