bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non–fluorescent mutant of green fluorescent protein sheds light on the mechanism of chromophore formation
Authors: Bartkiewicz Małgorzata , Kazazić Saša , Krasowska Joanna , Clark Patricia L. , Wielgus‐Kutrowska Beata , Bzowska Agnieszka
Published: April 2018

The mechanism of green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore formation is still not clearly defined. Two mechanisms have been proposed: cyclisation–dehydration–oxidation (Mechanism A) and cyclisation–oxidation–dehydration (Mechanism B). To distinguish between these mechanisms, we generated a non–fluorescent mutant of GFP, S65T/G67A‐GFP. This mutant folds to a stable, native‐like structure but lacks fluorescence due to interruption of the chromophore maturation process. Mass spectrometric analysis of peptides derived from this mutant reveal that chromophore formation follows only mechanism A, but that the final oxidation reaction is suppressed. This result is unexpected within the pool of examined GFP mutants, since for the wild‐type GFP, there is strong support for mechanism B.
Microfluidic enrichment of plasma cells improves treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors: Zeng Yunjing , Gao Li , Luo Xiaoqing , Chen Yan , Kabeer Mustafa H. , Chen Xuelian , Stucky Andres , Loudon William G. , Li Shengwen C. , Zhang Xi , Zhong Jiang F.
Published: April 2018

Cytogenetic alterations form the basis for risk stratification for multiple myeloma (MM) and guide the selection of therapy; however, current pathology assays performed on bone marrow samples can produce false‐negatives due to the unpredictable distribution and rarity of MM cells. Here, we report on a microfluidic device used to facilitate CD45 depletion to enhance the detection of cytogenetic alterations in plasma cells (PCs). Bone marrow samples from 48 patients with MM were each divided into two aliquots. One aliquot was subjected to classic flow cytometry and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The other first went through CD45+ cell depletion, further enriched by microfluidic size selection. The enriched samples were then analyzed using flow cytometry and FISH and compared to those analyzed using the classic method only. Unlike the traditional method, the microfluidic device removed the CD45+ leukocytes and specifically selected PCs from the remaining white blood cells. Therefore, the microfluidic method (MF‐CD45‐TACs) significantly increased the percentage of CD38+/CD138+ cells to 37.7 ± 20.4% (P < 0.001) from 10.3 ± 8.5% in bone marrow. After the MF‐CD45‐TAC enrichment, the detection rate of IgH rearrangement, del(13q14), del(17p), and 1q21 gains, rose to 56.3% (P < 0.001), 37.5% (P < 0.001), 22.9% (P < 0.001), and 41.7% (P = 0.001), respectively; all rates of detection were significantly increased compared to the classically analyzed samples. In this clinical trial, this microfluidic‐assisted assay provided a precise detection of cytogenetic alterations in PCs and improved clinical outcomes.
Novel Scale‐Like Structures of Graphite/TiC/Ti3C2 Hybrids for Electromagnetic Absorption
Authors: Li Mian , Han Meikang , Zhou Jie , Deng Qihuang , Zhou Xiaobing , Xue Jianmin , Du Shiyu , Yin Xiaowei , Huang Qing
Published: April 2018

Electromagnetic (EM) absorbing and shielding materials have attracted great interests due to the increasing electromagnetic pollutions in the past years. Microstructure plays a crucial role in determining the performance of the above materials. Herein, a scale‐like structure based on Ti3C2 Mxenes is proposed to approach improved EM absorption properties. For the first time, graphite/TiC/Ti3AlC2 (G/TiC/Ti3AlC2) hybrids are fabricated in a molten salts bath and graphite/TiC/Ti3C2 (G/TiC/Ti3C2) hybrids are obtained after Al atoms are etched from G/TiC/Ti3AlC2. In G/TiC/Ti3C2, Ti3C2 sheets are perpendicular to the plane of G/TiC, which like a bionic structure of fish scale. The scale‐like G/TiC/Ti3C2 hybrids are dispersed in paraffin matrix to evaluate the EM properties. Owing to the structure‐induced EM absorption mechanism, G/TiC/Ti3C2 show much enhanced EM absorption ability than those materials without structure design, e.g., G/TiC/Ti3AlC2, pure Ti3C2, G/TiC, and the simple mixture of G/TiC with Ti3C2 (G/TiC+Ti3C2). The minimum reflection coefficient (RC) of G/TiC/Ti3C2 with the sample thickness of 2.1 mm reaches −63 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth (the frequency where RC is lower than −10 dB) is more than 3.5 GHz. The results indicate that the scale‐like structure can greatly improve the EM absorption ability.
Clinical significance of esophageal invasion length for the prediction of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in Siewert type II adenocarcinoma: A retrospective single‐institution study
Authors: Koyanagi Kazuo , Kato Fumihiko , Kanamori Jun , Daiko Hiroyuki , Ozawa Soji , Tachimori Yuji
Published: April 2018

Aim

This study investigated whether esophageal invasion length (EIL) of a tumor from the esophagogastric junction could be a possible indicator of mediastinal lymph node metastasis and survival in patients with Siewert type II adenocarcinoma.

Methods

One hundred and sixty‐eight patients with Siewert type II tumor who underwent surgery were enrolled. Metastatic stations and recurrent lymph node sites were classified into cervical, upper/middle/lower mediastinal, and abdominal zones. EIL was correlated with overall metastasis or recurrence in individual zones and with survival.

Results

Siewert type II patients with an EIL of more than 25 mm (>25 mm EIL group) had a higher incidence of overall metastasis or recurrence in the upper and middle mediastinal zones than those with an EIL of less than or equal to 25 mm (≤25 mm EIL group) (P = .001 and P < .001). Disease‐free and overall survival in the >25 mm EIL group were significantly lower than those of the ≤25 mm EIL group (P < .001). None of the Siewert type II patients with metastasis or recurrence in the upper and middle mediastinal zones survived for more than 5 years. Only an EIL of more than 25 mm was a significant preoperative predictor of overall metastasis or recurrence in the upper and middle mediastinal zones (odds ratio, 8.85; 95% CI, 2.31‐33.3; P = .001).

Conclusion

A multimodal‐therapeutic strategy should be investigated in Siewert type II patients once the tumor has invaded more than 25 mm to the esophageal wall.
Bio‐inspired Domino oxa‐Michael/Diels–Alder/oxa‐Michael Dimerization of para‐Quinols
Authors: Green Nicholas J. , Connolly Catherine A. , Rietdijk Koen P. W. , Nichol Gary S. , Duarte Fernanda , Lawrence Andrew L.
Published: April 2018

A bio‐inspired, pyrrolidine‐mediated, dimerization of para‐quinols has been developed. It represents one of the most complex, yet general, dimerization reactions ever disclosed, selectively forming four new bonds, four new rings, and eight new contiguous stereogenic centres. The para‐quinol starting materials are easily handled, bench‐stable compounds, accessed in just one step from aromatic feedstocks. The reaction can be scaled up to give grams of polycyclic material, primed for further elaboration.
Selective Monomethylation of Amines with Methanol as the C1 Source
Authors: Choi Geunho , Hong Soon Hyeok
Published: April 2018

The N‐monomethyl functionality is a common motif in a variety of synthetic and natural compounds. However, facile access to such compounds remains a fundamental challenge in organic synthesis owing to selectivity issues caused by overmethylation. To address this issue, we have developed a method for the selective, catalytic monomethylation of various structurally and functionally diverse amines, including typically problematic primary aliphatic amines, using methanol as the methylating agent, which is a sustainable chemical feedstock. Kinetic control of the aliphatic amine monomethylation was achieved by using a readily available ruthenium catalyst at an adequate temperature under hydrogen pressure. Various substrates including bio‐related molecules and pharmaceuticals were selectively monomethylated, demonstrating the general utility of the developed method.
Electrospinning of plant oil‐based, non‐isocyanate polyurethanes for biomedical applications
Authors: Aduba Donald C. , Zhang Keren , Kanitkar Akanksha , Sirrine Justin M. , Verbridge Scott S. , Long Timothy E.
Published: April 2018

Non‐isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU) have rapidly emerged as a sustainable, less toxic, and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional isocyanate‐based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) synthesis. TPU is widely used in the medical industry due to its excellent mechanical properties and elasticity. However, little work has been done to synthesize and electrospin NIPU into fibrous mats for biomedical applications. In this work, melt polymerization of a plant oil‐based cyclic carbonate monomer with polyether soft segments and various diamines yielded isocyanate‐free, segmented poly(amide hydroxyurethane)s (PAHUs). Electrospinning of segmented PAHUs afforded ductile, free‐standing fibrous mats with Young's modulus values between 7 and 8 MPa, suitable for tissue scaffold applications. PAHU fiber mats exhibited 3–4 times greater water uptake than the electrospun TPU control, demonstrating potential utility in drug delivery. Fibroblasts adhered to electrospun PAHU fibrous mats with viability values over 90% after 72‐h, validating its biocompatibility. The results highlight the high performance and potential of electrospun isocyanate‐free polyurethanes mats for biomedical application. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46464.
Iron phthalocyanine coatings on the surface of carbon fibers and their improved interfacial interactions with poly(arylene ether)nitrile
Authors: Xu Mingzhen , Chen Lin , Qin Meng , Han Zengmao , Pan Hai , Lei Yangxue , Liu Xiaobo
Published: April 2018

Riveted carbon fibers (CFs) were fabricated via in situ thermopolymerization. Iron phthalocyanine was like rivets distributed on the surface of the acidulated CFs. The rivets were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and distributed uniformly on the surface of the CFs with a uniform microsphere size of 120 nm. Next, the pristine and riveted CFs were used to prepare fiber‐reinforced poly(arylene ether)nitrile (PEN)‐based composites with a hot‐press molding technique. The creep behaviors of PEN on the pristine and riveted CFs were investigated by dynamic rheological measurements. Among the samples, the viscosities changed with the frequency, and the stress relaxation and Cole–Cole plots are presented and discussed in detail. These results indicated better interlocking between the PEN chains and the rivets on the surface of the CFs. The dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were examined in three‐point bending mode with a dynamic mechanical analyzer. The results indicate that the reduction of the tan δ peak height may have been due to the improved interfacial adhesion between the CFs and PEN. Additionally, the interfacial morphologies of the CF‐reinforced PEN composites were monitored; this also confirmed the improved adhesion between the PEN chains and the riveted CFs in comparison with that of the pristine CFs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46466.
Influences of the chain structure of PE‐b‐PEG on the properties of PE/PE‐b‐PEG blend membranes prepared by TIPS
Authors: Zhong Wentao , He Feng , Li Peiyuan , Fu Zhisheng , Zhang Peibin , Zhu Liang , Fan Zhiqiang , Zhu Liping
Published: April 2018

In this article, a series of diblock copolymer polyethylene‐b‐ poly(ethylene glycol)s (PE‐b‐PEGs) with various molecular weight of polyethylene segment was blended with linear low‐density PE. The PE/PE‐b‐PEG blend porous membranes with high porosity were obtained by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process. The isothermal crystallization kinetics of PE/LP/PE‐b‐PEG blends indicated that the introduction of PE‐b‐PEG could inhibit the growth rate of polyethylene crystals which could increase the pore size and porosity of the membranes. The PE/PE‐b‐PEG blend membranes with PE1300‐b‐PEG2200 showed the largest pore size and porosity due to its crystallization behavior during TIPS. The surface of the membranes became smoother and the morphology of the membranes could be effectively tuned by introducing PE‐b‐PEG. Compared with the PE membrane, the PE/PE‐b‐PEG blend membranes exhibited higher hydrophilicity (the water contact angle decreased from 112° to 84°), water permeability (the permeation flux increased from 80 to 440 L/m2 h under 0.1 MPa), rejection performance (completely reject carbon particles in the filtration of carbon ink solution), and fouling resistance (the value of protein adsorption dropped from 0.25 to 0.05 mg/cm2). The hydrophilicity and fouling resistance of PE/PE‐b‐PEG blend membranes increased as the length of PE segment in PE‐b‐PEGs decreased. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46499.
Overexpression of antimicrobial peptides contributes to aging through cytotoxic effects in Drosophila tissues
Authors: Badinloo Marziyeh , Nguyen Elizabeth , Suh Winston , Alzahrani Faisal , Castellanos Jovelyn , Klichko Vladimir I. , Orr William C. , Radyuk Svetlana N.
Published: April 2018

The innate immune response tends to become hyperactive and proinflammatory in older organisms. We investigated connections between activity of the immune‐related genes and aging using the Drosophila model. A hallmark of Drosophila immunity is the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMP), whose expression is triggered via activation of the Toll and Imd immune pathways and regulated by NF‐ĸB‐like transcription factors, Dif/Dorsal and Relish. It was previously shown that overexpression of the upstream component of the immune pathways shortens lifespan via activation of the Relish‐dependent immune response. Here we show that direct overexpression of the Relish target AMP genes broadly at high levels or in the fat body induced apoptosis, elicited depolarization of the mitochondria and significantly shortened lifespan. Underexpression of Relish in the fat body beginning in the second half of lifespan prevented overactivation of AMPs and extended longevity. Unlike infection‐induced responses, the age‐related increase in AMPs does not require the upstream recognition/transduction module of the Imd pathway. It does however require downstream elements, including Relish and Ird5, a component of the downstream IKK complex. Together, these results established causal links between high‐level production of antimicrobial peptides and longevity.
Highly Enantioselective, Base‐Free Synthesis of α‐Quaternary Succinimides through Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation
Authors: Song Tao , Arseniyadis Stellios , Cossy Janine
Published: April 2018

The synthesis of diversely substituted five‐membered ring succinimide derivatives is reported featuring a direct, base‐free, palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation. The method allows a straightforward access to the desired heterocyclic scaffold bearing an all‐carbon α‐quaternary stereogenic center in high yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities. To further demonstrate the synthetic utility of the method, the allylated products were further converted to various versatile chiral building blocks, including a chiral pyrrolidine and a spirocyclic derivative, using selective transformations.
Investigating Protein–Ligand Interactions by Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Becker Walter , Bhattiprolu Krishna Chaitanya , Gubensäk Nina , Zangger Klaus
Published: April 2018

The front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Klaus Zangger at the University of Graz. The image shows the combination of protein‐based and ligand‐based methods in order to study protein–ligand interactions by solution NMR spectroscopy. Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/cphc.201701253.
A Phenomenological Inquiry of Identity Development, Same‐Sex Attraction, and Religious Upbringing
Authors: Crockett Jamie E. , Cashwell Craig S. , Marszalek John F. , Willis Ben T.
Published: April 2018

Growing up in religious/spiritual communities often creates identity issues for lesbian and gay individuals. In this phenomenological study, the authors investigated the experiences of 25 lesbian and gay individuals who self‐identified as having been raised within organized religious communities. Participants described that these communities were affirming, tolerant, or nonaffirming. Accordingly, emergent themes indicated that the current spiritual lives of participants varied greatly depending on their experiences of identity integration and affirmation. Implications for counselors and researchers are discussed.
Diagnosis of pseudo‐gout (calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease) clinched on cytology
Authors: Subramanian Hema , Gochhait Debasis , Ganesh Rajesh Nachiappa , Govindarajalou Ramkumar , Siddaraju Neelaiah
Published: April 2018

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) deposition disease is a metabolic arthropathy which results from deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in and around joints especially the hyaline cartilage and disc material. This metabolic disease in uncommon in the smaller joints and multiple diagnostic modalities along with biochemical investigations would be necessary for definite diagnosis. We highlight the case of a 48 year old male who presented with a painful mass at the base of left thumb and was clinic‐radiologically suspected as malignancy. Cytological examination (fine needle aspiration cytology [FNAC]) showed numerous extracellular rods shaped and rhomboid blunt‐ended crystals along with foreign body type of giant cells. The main emphasis here is on the pivotal role played by FNAC in accurately diagnosing the disease where other modalities like radiology and histopathology failed to do so. The exact categorization of crystals is important from treatment point of view to avoid any major deformities in the joints/systemic manifestation.
Highly Efficient Aqueous Synthesis of Propargylamines through C–H Activation Catalyzed by Magnetic Organosilica‐Supported Gold Nanoparticles as an Artificial Metalloenzyme
Authors: Aghahosseini Hamideh , Tabatabaei Rezaei Seyed Jamal , Tadayyon Mahsa , Ramazani Ali , Amani Vahid , Ahmadi Roya , Abdolahnjadian Davod
Published: April 2018

Highly efficient magnetic organosilica‐supported gold nanoparticles were developed as an artificial metalloenzyme for the synthesis of propargylamines through C–H activation in water under an ambient atmosphere. Herein, we present a very simple and efficient method for the deposition of Au nanoparticles on porous magnetic organosilica (Fe3O4@SiO2‐Cl) through the thermal reduction of an organometallic AuIII complex. As a nucleophile, a AuIII polypyridyl coordination complex could react with alkyl halides from the Fe3O4@SiO2‐Cl to form a quaternary ammonium salt as an ionic liquid; subsequently, the ligand was oxidized and the Au nanoparticles were embedded into the porous organosilica shell. The synergic effect of the gold nanoparticles as catalytically active sites, pyridinium chloride as a phase‐transfer agent, and the magnetite nanoparticle core, which could function as a protein mimic, endow the material with high efficiency, stability, recoverability, reusability, and good turnover frequency, all of which are necessary characteristic for an artificial enzyme. A reliable catalytic procedure for the synthesis of propargylamines was identified.
Furanosyl Nucleoside Analogues Embodying Triazole or Theobromine Units as Potential Lead Molecules for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Gonçalves‐Pereira Rita , Pereira Margarida P. , Serra Sofia G. , Loesche Anne , Csuk René , Silvestre Samuel , Costa Paulo J. , Oliveira M. Conceição , Xavier Nuno M.
Published: April 2018

The synthesis of novel types of furanosyl nucleoside analogues, namely N‐(benzyltriazolyl)methyl glucuronamide derivatives, N‐dodecyl glucuronamide‐based phenyltriazole nucleosides, and theobromine xylosyl 5′‐isonucleosides, as potential cholinesterase inhibitors is described herein. O‐Substituted and partially O‐substituted N‐propargyl glucuronamides, accessed from glucofuranurono‐6,3‐lactone, were engaged in CuI‐catalyzed cycloaddition with benzyl azide, whereas their N‐dodecyl uronamide counterparts were converted in three steps into glycosyl azides, which were subjected to cycloaddition with phenylacetylene. A xylofuranose derivative having a free 5‐OH group was coupled with theobromine by Mitsunobu reaction and the obtained isonucleoside was functionalized at C‐1′ with a sulfonamide moiety, leading to a prospective nucleotide mimetic. Five compounds displayed selective inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in the micromolar concentration range, with an α‐glycosyl triazole (Ki = 3.53 µm) and its 1‐azido‐uronamide precursor (Ki = 1.73 µm) being the most active. Docking studies were performed to give insights into the different inhibitory behavior within glycosyl azide anomers. Two of the best inhibitors showed low toxicity in both a neural cell line and human fibroblasts, rendering them promising lead compounds and supporting further investigations.
Modified maxillary reconstruction technique for Brown's class III defects by subdividing a rhomboid shaped iliac crest into 2 subunits
Authors: Ong Hui Shan , Yu Miao , Liu Jian Nan , Gil Carlos Salcedo , Wan Kenneth , Zhang Chen Ping , Xu Li Qun
Published: April 2018

Background

Men and women share a common maxillary morphology with heterogeneity in size. This indicated that our technique of reconstruction with a rhomboid‐shaped iliac crest bone flap incorporating a 30° vertical wedge osteotomy may be widely used for Brown's class III maxillectomy defect reconstruction among a population with class I skeletal profile. The reconstruction of Brown's class III maxillary defects is extremely challenging. The purpose of this study was to closely study the maxilla geometrically in order to establish a standardized maneuver, which facilitates conversion of the iliac bone flap into a natural maxilla's contours.

Methods

We evaluated the geometries of 40 adult maxillas. The perimeter lengths of perinasal and infraorbital subunits were analyzed, in addition to the intersecting angle (δ) of both subunits. Sex variation was evaluated using the Student's t test.

Results

In the 80 studied unilateral maxillas (40 maxillas from 18 men and 22 women), there were no significant sex differences for δ (P = .1527). In addition, both sexes shared common morphological features, hence, in surgical reconstruction, the δ can be constantly set at 150°. Perimeter of bone segments had a greater intersubject variability (coefficient of variation [CV] of approximately 4.5‐11). From both cadaveric dissections and clinical applications, our results have shown that our standard maneuver was reproducible and reliable in reestablishing natural facial contours.

Conclusion

Our standard maneuver can serve as a universal guideline, with individualized perimeter manipulations, to yield an aesthetically natural and functional outcome.
Low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions among women with HIV
Authors: Manamela Portia K. , Kgomo Koena A. , van Gelderen Cyril J. , Lekha Anushka R. , Michelow Pamela , van den Berg Eunice J. , Adam Yasmin
Published: April 2018

Objectives

To assess whether women with HIV who had low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) on cytology had cervical disease.

Methods

The present retrospective cross‐sectional study included data from women with LSIL who attended a tertiary hospital in South Africa between April 1, 2003, and December 31, 2013. Patient information was extracted from a colposcopy database.

Results

The study included 652 patients. The median age was 36 years (interquartile range [IQR] 31–42 years; range 18–66 years) and the median parity was three (IQR 2–5; range 0–10). In all, 266 (40.8%) women had a histology result of HPV or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN1); 386 (59.2%) had a histology result of CIN2 or higher. The median cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count was 275.00 cells/mm3 (IQR 173.50–434.00 cells/mm3; range 2–1211 cells/mm3). A total of 312 (47.9%) women were using antiretroviral therapy. Use of antiretroviral therapy (unadjusted odds ratio 0.57; P=0.001) and a CD4 count of at least 200 cells/mm3 (unadjusted odds ratio 0.81; P=0.002) were associated with a histology result of HPV or CIN1.

Conclusion

Most of the women with a cytology report of LSIL had CIN2 or higher, suggesting that the practice of referral for colposcopy should continue.
SYSTEMS SCIENCES AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH NEEDS
Authors: Verma Dinesh , Miller William
Published: April 2018

The Systems Engineering Research Center (SERC) Pathfinder project in collaboration with INCOSE identified systems engineering research and workforce development needs. The results indicate five broad areas of systems engineering research needs in order of emphasis: mission engineering; agile development and engineering at the scale of the enterprise; model‐based systems engineering; modeling and assessing system trust, security, and resilience; and development of pragmatic methods to deal with and to leverage increasing complexity and analytics, and leveraging machine learning for this purpose. Within INCOSE, the survey of Fellows worldwide emphasizes model‐based systems engineering along with more general systems engineering modeling and measures. For both SERC and INCOSE, the results will guide priorities over the next two to five years.
Evaluation of a Web‐Based Alcohol Program Alone and in Combination With a Parent Campaign for Ninth‐Grade Students
Authors: Hausheer Robin , Doumas Diana M. , Esp Susan
Published: April 2018

This randomized controlled study evaluated the efficacy of a web‐based program alone and in combination with a parent campaign among 9th‐grade students (N = 205). Results indicate lower drinking rates in both programs compared with traditional education for female students.
MicroRNA‐29a regulates neural stem cell neuronal differentiation by targeting PTEN
Authors: Shi Zhongju , Zhou Hengxing , Lu Lu , Pan Bin , Wei Zhijian , Liu Jun , Li Jiahe , Yuan Shiyang , Kang Yi , Liu Lu , Yao Xue , Kong Xiaohong , Feng Shiqing
Published: April 2018

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self‐renewing, pluripotent, and undifferentiated cells which have benefits as candidates for central nervous system (CNS) injury. However, the transplanted NSCs usually maintain their undifferentiated characteristics, or differentiated potentially along the glial lineage after transplantation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non‐coding RNAs that play key roles in cell differentiation. However, it is unknown whether miR‐29a could play a role in the process of NSC's differentiation. Primary NSCs were derived from rat embryonic cortex. Lentiviral vector‐mediated miR‐29a (LV‐miR‐29a) and negative control (LV‐null) were infected into NSCs. Quantitative real‐time PCR was used to detect expression of miR‐29a and PTEN. Immunocytochemistry was used to stain neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Dual luciferase assay to study the interaction between miR‐29a and PTEN. The current study showed that the expression of miR‐29a was upregulated during NSC differentiation, while the expression of PTEN was downregulated during NSC differentiation. After infection with LV‐miR‐29a, MAP‐2‐positive neurons significantly increased, and GFAP‐positive astrocytes significantly decreased. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PTEN is a molecular target of miR‐29a. miR‐29a promote the neuronal differentiation and decrease the astrocytes differentiation of NSCs via targeting PTEN. This may give insight into a novel mechanism of NSC differentiation and provide a promising therapeutic target.
Significance of Notch and Wnt signaling for chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells HCT116
Authors: Kukcinaviciute Egle , Jonusiene Violeta , Sasnauskiene Ausra , Dabkeviciene Daiva , Eidenaite Eigile , Laurinavicius Arvydas
Published: April 2018

5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and oxaliplatin (OxaPt) are the main chemotherapeutics for colorectal cancer (CRC). Chemotherapy response rates for advanced CRC remain low, primarily due to intrinsic or acquired chemoresistance. The importance of Notch and Wnt signaling for carcinogenesis of CRC as well as crosstalk of Notch and Wnt signaling with many oncogenic signaling pathways suggest that Notch and Wnt pathways could be responsible for chemoresistance. In this study, we compared changes in Notch and Wnt signaling after 5‐FU and OxaPt treatment in CRC cells HCT116 and its chemoresistant sublines HCT116/FU and HCT116/OXA. The levels of Notch1 receptor intracellular domain NICD1 and non‐phosphorylated β‐catenin, the reporters of Notch and Wnt signaling, were upregulated in untreated chemoresistant HCT116/FU and HCT116/OXA cells. Our data suggest that Notch inhibitor RO4929097 (RO) and Wnt inhibitor XAV939 (XAV) enhance the survival potential of OxaPt‐treated cells. The protein level of Notch target gene HES1 was significantly upregulated in chemoresistant HCT116/FU and HCT116/OXA cells, compared to HCT116. HES1 silencing increased viability of HCT116 and its chemoresistant sublines after 5‐FU or OxaPt treatment. The results of HES1 downregulation coincide with RO and XAV effects on cell viability of OxaPt‐treated cells.
A preliminary study of growth characteristics of melanocytes co‐cultured with keratinocytes in vitro
Authors: Zhang Chengzhong , Zhou Le , Huang Jie , Mei Xingyu , Wu Zhouwei , Shi Weimin
Published: April 2018

To clarify the characteristic growth of melanocytes (MCs) and Keratinocytes (KCs) in vitro and discuss the mechanism of culturing autologous melanocytes in the treatment of vitiligo. Epidermis cells derived from normal skin tissues were isolated and cultured in vitro. Melanocytes in DOPA staining were observed. The expression level of markers in MCs was detected by qRT‐PCR and the percentage of MCs and KCs were detected by flow cytometry. Cells derived from normal skin tissues mainly included KCs, MCs, and fibroblasts. There were significant differences between the percentage of KC, MC, fibroblasts (P < 0.05), and the expression of Microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (P < 0.05) and Tyrosinase‐related protein‐2 (P < 0.05) in the second, 10th, 20th, and 30th day. Significant differences were also found between the average numbers of MC stained by DOPA (P < 0.05) and the average percentage of MCs in the 10th, 20th, and 30th Day (P < 0.05). But there were no significant differences between the average percentage of KCs in the 10th, 20th, and 30th Day (P > 0.05) detected by flow cytometry. The number of MCs co‐cultured with KCs in vitro reached the maximum in the 20th Day and this co‐cultured model may contribute to the growth of MCs which could be used in the treatment of vitiligo.
1800 MHz mobile phone irradiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress leads to p53 dependent Bax mediated testicular apoptosis in mice,Mus musculus
Authors: Shahin Saba , Singh Surya P. , Chaturvedi Chandra M.
Published: April 2018

Present study was carried out to investigate the effect of long‐term mobile phone radiation exposure in different operative modes (Dialing, Receiving, and Stand‐by) on immature male mice. Three‐week old male mice were exposed to mobile phone (1800 MHz) radiation for 3 hr/day for 120 days in different operative modes. To check the changes/alteration in testicular histoarchitecture and serum testosterone level, HE staining and ELISA was performed respectively. Further, we have checked the redox status (ROS, NO, MDA level, and antioxidant enzymes: SOD, CAT, and GPx) by biochemical estimation, alteration in the expression of pro‐apoptotic proteins (p53 and Bax), active executioner caspase‐3, full length/uncleaved PARP‐1 (DNA repair enzyme), anti‐apoptotic proteins (Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL) in testes by immunofluorescence and cytosolic cytochrome‐c by Western blot. Decreased seminiferous tubule diameter, sperm count, and viability along with increased germ cells apoptosis and decreased serum testosterone level, was observed in the testes of all the mobile phone exposed mice compared with control. We also observed that, mobile phone radiation exposure in all the three different operative modes alters the testicular redox status via increasing ROS, NO, and MDA level, and decreasing antioxidant enzymes levels leading to enhanced apoptosis of testicular cells by increasing the expression of pro‐apoptotic and apoptotic proteins along with decreasing the expression of anti‐apoptotic protein. On the basis of results, it is conclude that long‐term mobile phone radiation exposure induced oxidative stress leads to apoptosis of testicular cells and thus impairs testicular function.
Perceived supervisor remorse, abusive supervision, and LMX
Authors: Haggard Dana L. , Park Hee Man
Published: April 2018

Abusive supervision is defined by hurtful behaviors and is associated with many negative outcomes. This has made it easy for researchers to overlook the possibility that some supervisors regret their bad behavior and express remorse for their actions. Hence, we know little about how subordinates react to the perception that their supervisor is remorseful and how this perception affects the relationship or other organizational outcomes. We address this possibility by developing a measure of victim perceptions of supervisor remorse (PSR) and examining the consequences PSR might have on complicated supervisor–subordinate relationships. Drawing on the remorse and justice literatures, we maintain that PSR will mitigate the detrimental effects of abusive supervision on various subordinate outcomes. Collective results from 2 multiple‐wave studies indicate that PSR reduces the indirect effects of abusive supervision on turnover intentions and organization‐based self‐esteem (OBSE). This indirect effect operates through leader–member exchange and interactional justice. PSR is also shown to have direct effects on OBSE and subordinates' resistance. Our research contributes to abusive supervision literature by showing the possibility of supervisors regretting their hostile behavior and the importance of PSR's role in decreasing detrimental effects of abusive supervision.
Think tank—Addressing the business challenges of an aging workforce
Authors: van Dongen Mark A. D. , Loos Jana C.
Published: April 2018

Changing demographics are forcing private enterprises as well as governments to rethink how they structure their employee pension plans. Despite reform strategies, increased life expectancy is likely to make it necessary for more people to work well beyond the traditional retirement age. As a result, corporate learning and development professionals will need to revamp their programs to address the distinctive abilities of employees age 65+ and facilitate the transmittal of their tacit knowledge to younger colleagues. Such proactive steps will not only help keep personnel motivated, engaged, and productive at every stage of their career, but also help guarantee the organization's own future.
Reversibly Redox‐Switchable Anionic Surfactant Contains Two Selenium Atoms
Authors: Lv Xiangliang , Liu Lian , Liu Xuefeng , Ge Zan , Zhong Kai
Published: April 2018

To better control the interfacial activities of selenium‐containing surfactants, a redox‐switchable anionic surfactant containing 2 selenium atoms, namely sodium 3‐((3‐(benzylselanyl)propyl)selanyl)propyl sulfate (SBSe2S), has been designed and synthesized. Upon oxidation by H2O2, the 2 divalent selenide groups in the hydrophobic tail of SBSe2S are converted into the corresponding selenoxides. The initial hydrophobic tail of SBSe2S gets separated into 3 segments by 2 hydrophilic selenoxide groups, destroying the bola‐type structure. The interfacial activities of SBSe2S in aqueous solution could thereby be switched off to a greater degree than in the case of its counterparts containing only a single selenium atom. After reduction with Na2SO3, the 2 selenoxide groups in SBSe2S‐Ox are restored to the initial selenide. Consequently, the interfacial activities of SBSe2S could be reversibly switched by alternate addition of H2O2 and Na2SO3, without obvious deterioration over 5 cycles.
Seasonal effects of food quality and temperature on body stoichiometry, biochemistry, and biomass production in Daphnia populations
Authors: Prater Clay , Wagner Nicole D. , Frost Paul C.
Published: April 2018

Food quality and temperature can affect zooplankton production in lakes by altering organismal metabolism. However, the influence of these factors on consumer nutritional physiology and population biomass remains relatively understudied in natural populations. Here, we examined seasonal changes in body stoichiometry, biochemistry, and population biomass in two Daphnia species collected from two separate lakes differing in dietary phosphorus (P) supply. Food quality, measured as seston carbon:P (C:P) ratios, varied throughout the study in each lake, and water temperatures generally increased across the growing season. Daphnid elemental composition was correlated with food quality in both populations, but relationships between daphnid body stoichiometry and temperature were consistently stronger as Daphnia body C:P ratios and content of major biochemical pools declined simultaneously throughout the summer, which largely coincided with increased water temperatures. Warmer temperatures were associated with relaxed %P‐RNA coupling as daphnid body RNA content declined and P content remained relatively high. These responses combined with temperature related decreases in Daphnia body %lipids and %C appeared to explain declines in daphnid body C:P ratios in both lakes over the growing season. Seasonal changes in population biomass were related to both food quality and water temperature in the lower nutrient lake. Biomass production under more eutrophic conditions however was unrelated to food quality and was instead associated with seasonal temperature changes in the higher nutrient lake. Overall, our study shows that seasonal changes in temperature and resource quality may differentially affect consumer stoichiometry and biomass production in lake ecosystems by altering consumer elemental metabolism.
Population Characteristics of Shovelnose Sturgeon During Low- and High-Water Conditions in the Lower Platte River, Nebraska
Authors: Hammen Jeremy J. , Hamel Martin J. , Rugg Matthew L. , Peters Edward J. , Pegg Mark A.
Published: April 2018

Cycles of low- and high-water periods (i.e., years) in river systems are natural occurrences, but a clear understanding of how cyclical climatological patterns affect fishes, especially long-lived species, is lacking. We compared Shovelnose Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus population dynamics between a low-water period (2001–2004) and a high-water period (2009–2012) in the lower Platte River, Nebraska. Low-flow periods in the lower Platte River can cause disconnections between upstream and downstream reaches, resulting in isolated pools and elevated water temperatures that create stressful situations for aquatic life and potentially lead to mortality. Our data showed no measurable differences in key population indices between flow condition periods, which is consistent with current paradigms for long-lived fish species. Shovelnose Sturgeon relative weights were generally greater than 80 during both low- and high-water periods, and size structure did not differ between the two periods. Shovelnose Sturgeon abundances, however, were significantly greater during high-water conditions compared to low-water conditions. Shovelnose Sturgeon may have migrated to more suitable habitats during low-water periods to seek refuge, later returning after conditions improved. Shovelnose Sturgeon and other riverine fishes have evolved in a variable environment and have been able to endure relatively minor anthropogenic changes within the lower Platte River. Rivers like the lower Platte River that have retained much of their original physical features and flow regimes are likely key components for the resistance and resilience of riverine species. However, as alterations to landscapes continue, and given the uncertainty surrounding future climate predictions, it is unknown how these riverine species will be able to adapt to future changes. Reducing anthropogenic changes that disrupt flow regimes and increasing connectivity among river systems could provide greater amounts of refuge for fish during stressful conditions, thus helping to protect these riverine species.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Using Time-Lapse Cameras to Assess Angling Use: An Example from a High-Use Metropolitan Reservoir in Arizona
Authors: Stahr Kristopher J. , Knudsen Rebecca L.
Published: April 2018

Creel surveys are the most common angler use survey used by fisheries managers but can be time intensive and expensive to conduct. Time-lapse cameras have been evaluated as a cost-efficient alternative to creel surveys on small lakes, streams, and nearshore marine systems but have yet to be evaluated on a reservoir. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of using time-lapse cameras to assess angling use on a high-use reservoir and provide methodology for use by fisheries managers. One time-lapse trail camera was installed at a heavily used boat ramp at Lake Pleasant, a large reservoir located near Phoenix, Arizona, from December 2015 to May 2016. A single observer counted fishing and recreational boats and tracked individual fishing boat trips using a randomized schedule. Camera data were first validated against creel counts conducted in person, and subsequent corrected counts were used to estimate both angling and boating use for the study period. Camera counts were easily corrected using the validation approach and were more cost effective than traditional creel survey methods. Overall, we found that time-lapse cameras can efficiently and accurately collect angler use data on a high-use reservoir and thus provide a useful alternative to stand-alone creel surveys.

Creel surveys are the most common angler use survey used by fisheries managers but can be time intensive and expensive to conduct. Time-lapse cameras have been evaluated as a cost-efficient alternative to creel surveys on small lakes, streams, and nearshore marine systems but have yet to be evaluated on a reservoir. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of using time-lapse cameras to assess angling use on a high-use reservoir and provide methodology for use by fisheries managers. One time-lapse trail camera was installed at a heavily used boat ramp at Lake Pleasant, a large reservoir located near Phoenix, Arizona, from December 2015 to May 2016. A single observer counted fishing and recreational boats and tracked individual fishing boat trips using a randomized schedule. Camera data were first validated against creel counts conducted in person, and subsequent corrected counts were used to estimate both angling and boating use for the study period. Camera counts were easily corrected using the validation approach and were more cost effective than traditional creel survey methods. Overall, we found that time-lapse cameras can efficiently and accurately collect angler use data on a high-use reservoir and thus provide a useful alternative to stand-alone creel surveys.
Efficacy of Using Data from Angler-Caught Burbot to Estimate Population Rate Functions
Authors: Brauer Tucker A. , Rhea Darren T. , Walrath John D. , Quist Michael C.
Published: April 2018

The effective management of a fish population depends on the collection of accurate demographic data from that population. Since demographic data are often expensive and difficult to obtain, developing cost-effective and efficient collection methods is a high priority. This research evaluates the efficacy of using angler-supplied data to monitor a nonnative population of Burbot Lota lota. Age and growth estimates were compared between Burbot collected by anglers and those collected in trammel nets from two Wyoming reservoirs. Collection methods produced different length-frequency distributions, but no difference was observed in age-frequency distributions. Mean back-calculated lengths at age revealed that netted Burbot grew faster than angled Burbot in Fontenelle Reservoir. In contrast, angled Burbot grew slightly faster than netted Burbot in Flaming Gorge Reservoir. Von Bertalanffy growth models differed between collection methods, but differences in parameter estimates were minor. Estimates of total annual mortality (A) of Burbot in Fontenelle Reservoir were comparable between angled (A = 35.4%) and netted fish (33.9%); similar results were observed in Flaming Gorge Reservoir for angled (29.3%) and netted fish (30.5%). Beverton–Holt yield-per-recruit models were fit using data from both collection methods. Estimated yield differed by less than 15% between data sources and reservoir. Spawning potential ratios indicated that an exploitation rate of 20% would be required to induce recruitment overfishing in either reservoir, regardless of data source. Results of this study suggest that angler-supplied data are useful for monitoring Burbot population dynamics in Wyoming and may be an option to efficiently monitor other fish populations in North America.
Effects of Turbidity on Prey Selection and Foraging Rate of Hatchery-Reared Juvenile Tiger Muskellunge
Authors: Snow Richard A. , Shoup Daniel E. , Porta Michael J.
Published: April 2018

Tiger muskellunge (Northern Pike Esox lucius × Muskellunge E. masquinongy) are stocked into aquatic systems across North America to control undesirable fish species or to create sportfishing opportunities. Because decreased water clarity can affect the poststocking foraging ability of an ambush predator like the tiger muskellunge, we evaluated the effects of turbidity on the foraging success of tiger muskellunge in a laboratory setting. We tested prey selectivity and total prey consumption by juvenile tiger muskellunge at four turbidity levels (Secchi depths of >84, 53, 26, and 18 cm) using three prey species: Goldfish Carassius auratus (a surrogate for Common Carp Cyprinus carpio), Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum, and Green Sunfish Lepomis cyanellus. Tiger muskellunge consumed significantly less prey at Secchi depths of 26 and 18 cm than at a Secchi depth of >84 or 53 cm. Selectivity for or against all prey types decreased as turbidity level increased, such that all three prey types had similar neutral selectivity at the highest turbidity level even though Gizzard Shad were positively selected and Goldfish were negatively selected in clearer water. Green Sunfish were neutrally selected at all turbidity levels tested. These results suggest that increasing turbidity levels will negatively impact prey encounters and consumption rates, which likely will reduce growth rates of tiger muskellunge, ultimately reducing fish survival and stocking success.