bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adesão e aceitabilidade de cardápios da alimentação escolar do ensino fundamental de escolas de zona rural
Authors: Raphaelli Chirle de Oliveira ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brasil, Passos Luciana Dieguez Ferreira , Couto Shanda de Freitas , Helbig Elizabete , Madruga Samanta Winck ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brasil,   Universidade Federal do Pampa, Brasil
Published: February 2017

Resumo A alimentação adequada e saudável em idade escolar é de fundamental importância, pois auxilia no crescimento, no desenvolvimento, na aprendizagem e no rendimento escolar. A alimentação escolar deve atender às necessidades nutricionais dos escolares e suas preferências alimentares. Objetivou-se avaliar a adesão e a aceitabilidade dos cardápios da alimentação escolar de município da zona rural. Um estudo transversal foi realizado em escolas municipais de Barão do Triunfo-RS, com 240 alunos, da pré-escola à oitava série. Foi aplicada a Escala Hedônica Facial e Verbal, e avaliados os índices de adesão e aceitação dos alunos com relação aos cardápios da alimentação escolar. A frequência da votação por meio da escala hedônica mostrou que 56,32% dos alunos gostaram extremamente da alimentação escolar e 22,42% gostaram moderadamente. A média de adesão dos cardápios nas escolas foi de 86,44% (DP ± 9,02) e a média de aceitação dos alunos em relação aos cardápios foi de 90,64% (DP ± 8,79). Observou-se que, ao se compararem os cardápios, os lanches obtiveram médias significativamente maiores no índice de adesão e de aceitabilidade em relação às refeições. Os índices de adesão e aceitação mostraram-se adequados em escolas da zona rural. É necessário implementar ações de educação alimentar e nutricional para valorizar a alimentação servida na escola.
Acúmulo de matéria seca e produtividade em híbridos de arroz irrigado simulados com o modelo SimulArroz
Authors: Ribas Giovana Ghisleni , Streck Nereu Augusto , Lago Isabel , Zanon Alencar Junior , Waldow Daniel Arthur Gaklik , Duarte Junior Ary José , Nascimento Moisés de Freitas do , Fontana Vanessa
Published: February 2017

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a calibração e o desempenho do modelo SimulArroz na simulação do acúmulo de matéria seca e da produtividade de grãos de cultivares de arroz híbrido irrigado por inundação no Rio Grande do Sul. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso em Santa Maria, Cachoeirinha, Santa Vitória do Palmar, Uruguaiana, Bagé, Camaquã e Cachoeira do Sul. Em Santa Maria e Cachoeirinha, foram avaliados o acúmulo de matéria seca da parte aérea e a produtividade de grãos de três cultivares híbridas (Prime CL, Inov CL e QM 1010 CL) e uma convencional de arroz usada como testemunha (Irga 424). Nos outros locais, foi avaliada somente a produtividade de grãos. Observou-se que, nas cultivares híbridas, são alocados mais fotoassimilados da parte aérea nos colmos, para sustentar a maior panícula, em comparação às cultivares convencionais de arroz. A calibração do modelo SimulArroz utilizada é eficiente em simular o acúmulo de matéria seca e a produtividade de grãos de cultivares de arroz híbrido nas regiões orizícolas irrigadas do Rio Grande do Sul.
Distribuição de raízes e manejo do solo em cultivo de mamão nos Tabuleiros Costeiros
Authors: Souza Laercio Duarte , Souza Luciano da Silva , Ledo Carlos Alberto da Silva , Cardoso Carlos Estevão Leite
Published: February 2017

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição de raízes e a produtividade de mamoeiro em dois sistemas de produção, em Argissolo Amarelo de Tabuleiro Costeiro, na Bahia. No primeiro sistema de produção comumente utilizado pelos produtores, utilizou-se solo sem cobertura vegetal, fertirrigado e com camalhões e, no segundo sistema, utilizaram-se subsolagem, plantio em sulcos com coberturas vegetais e irrigação. O camalhão isola as raízes do excesso de água e dos fungos do solo; no entanto, ele demanda muitas práticas mecânicas, compacta o solo e degrada a área, o que resulta na necessidade de pousio e, eventualmente, de migração da cultura. As raízes amostradas foram separadas do solo por peneiramento em água e, em seguida, escaneadas, e seu comprimento e diâmetro foram medidos. Os tratamentos T1 (vegetação espontânea), T2 (leguminosa), T3 (gramínea) e T4 (leguminosa mais gramínea), sem o uso de camalhões e irrigados, apresentam menor densidade de raiz e produtividade de frutos do que o T5 (testemunha) cultivado sem uso de cobertura vegetal, com camalhão e fertirrigação. A fertirrigação aumenta a densidade de raízes, mas as concentra abaixo dos gotejadores. As coberturas vegetais superam a vegetação espontânea em densidade de raiz, mas a igualam em produtividade.
Linhagens de frangos caipiras criadas em sistema semi-intensivo em região de clima quente
Authors: Dias Adélio Nunes , Maciel Mônica Patrícia , Aiura Auriclécia Lopes de Oliveira , Arouca Cláudio Luiz Correa , Silva Daiane Batista , Moura Vítor Hugo Santana de
Published: February 2017

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho, as variáveis fisiológicas e o comportamento de cinco linhagens de frangos de corte caipiras criadas em sistema semi-intensivo, em região de clima quente. Utilizaram-se 400 aves, com idade inicial de 35 dias, em cinco tratamentos representados pelas linhagens caipiras: Pescoço Pelado, Vermelho Pesadão, Carijó, Master Griss e Colorido. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e 20 parcelas. Avaliaram-se desempenho (ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar), temperatura retal, frequência respiratória e comportamento. Não houve diferenças significativas entre as linhagens para desempenho e variáveis fisiológicas. Todas as linhagens apresentaram desconforto térmico e, com base nos comportamentos observados, notou-se uma adaptação à alta temperatura. As linhagens Pescoço Pelado, Vermelho Pesadão, Carijó, Master Griss e Colorido podem ser utilizadas para a criação em sistema semi-intensivo, em região de clima quente.
Governance and mental health: contributions for public policy approach
Authors: Díaz-Castro Lina , Arredondo Armando , Pelcastre-Villafuerte Blanca Estela , Hufty Marc
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the conceptualization of the term governance on public mental health programs. METHODS In this systematic review, we analyzed the scientific literature published in the international scenario during 15 years (from 2000 to 2015). The databases analyzed were: Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PubMed. Governance and mental health were the descriptors. We included relevant articles according to our subject of study and levels of analysis: (i) the concept of governance in mental health; (ii) process and decision spaces; (iii) strategic and pertinent actors who operate in the functioning of the health system, and (iv) social regulations. We excluded letters to the editor, news articles, comments and case reports, incomplete articles and articles whose approach did not include the object of study of this review. RESULTS We have found five conceptualizations of the term governance on mental health in the area of provision policies and service organization. The agents were both those who offer and those who receive the services: we identified several social norms. CONCLUSIONS The concept of governance in mental health includes standards of quality and attention centered on the patient, and incorporates the consumers of mental healthcare in the decision-making process.
Using Metaphors to Explain Molecular Testing to Cancer Patients
Authors: Pinheiro Ana P.M. , Pocock Rachel H. , Dixon Margie D. , Shaib Walid L. , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Pentz Rebecca D.
Published: February 2017

Background

Molecular testing to identify targetable molecular alterations is routine practice for several types of cancer. Explaining the underlying molecular concepts can be difficult, and metaphors historically have been used in medicine to provide a common language between physicians and patients. Although previous studies have highlighted the use and effectiveness of metaphors to help explain germline genetic concepts to the general public, this study is the first to describe the use of metaphors to explain molecular testing to cancer patients in the clinical setting.

Methods

Oncologist-patient conversations about molecular testing were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded. If a metaphor was used, patients were asked to explain it and assess its helpfulness.

Results

Sixty-six patients participated. Nine oncologists used metaphors to describe molecular testing; 25 of 66 (38%) participants heard a metaphor, 13 of 25 (52%) were questioned, 11 of 13 (85%) demonstrated understanding and reported the metaphor as being useful. Seventeen metaphors (bus driver, boss, switch, battery, circuit, broken light switch, gas pedal, key turning off an engine, key opening a lock, food for growth, satellite and antenna, interstate, alternate circuit, traffic jam, blueprint, room names, Florida citrus) were used to explain eight molecular testing terms (driver mutations, targeted therapy, hormones, receptors, resistance, exon specificity, genes, and cancer signatures).

Conclusion

Because metaphors have proven to be a useful communication tool in other settings, these 17 metaphors may be useful for oncologists to adapt to their own setting to explain molecular testing terms.
Testing of concrete elements with internal shape memory alloy spirals
Authors: Chen Qiwen , Andrawes Bassem
Published: February 2017

In recent years, an innovative concrete confinement technique using shape memory alloys (SMAs) has emerged. The new technique utilises active confinement, which is proven to be more effective than traditional passive confinement in improving the strength and ductility of concrete. However, most of the previous research on this technique has focused on retrofit/repair applications of circular concrete elements by applying external SMA spirals or ties. This paper presents an experimental study on implementing this new confinement technique using SMA spirals as internal transverse reinforcement in newly constructed square columns. In this study, short, square, concrete columns are designed and constructed with internal longitudinal steel rebars and internal transverse reinforcement. One of the concrete columns is designed with internal SMA transverse spirals, while two other columns are constructed using traditional transverse steel reinforcement for comparison. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to the traditional steel transverse reinforcement, SMA spirals effectively delay the longitudinal rebar buckling and significantly reduce strength degradation.
Circular economy in construction: current awareness, challenges and enablers
Authors: Adams Katherine Tebbatt , Osmani Mohamed , Thorpe Tony , Thornback Jane
Published: February 2017

The application of the concept of circular economy thinking in construction, which is in its infancy, has been largely limited to construction waste minimisation and recycling. Little research on circular economy from a systems perspective including how new business models might enable materials to retain high residual values has been undertaken. Utilising the results from a survey and a follow-up workshop, this paper provides an analysis of an industrywide perspective of circular economy awareness, challenges and enablers. The survey results indicate that while there is industrywide awareness of the concept, clients, designers and subcontractors are the least informed and this is a key challenge for greater adoption. The absence of incentives to design products and buildings for disassembly and reuse at their end of life is a significant challenge. To encourage greater implementation of circular economy principles throughout the supply chain, a clear economic case is paramount, supported by metrics, tools and guidance.
Novel Paradigms of Salt and Hypertension
Authors: Feng Wenguang , Dell’Italia Louis J. , Sanders Paul W.
Published: February 2017

Salt resistance/sensitivity refers specifically to the effect of dietary sodium chloride (salt) intake on BP. Increased dietary salt intake promotes an early and uniform expansion of extracellular fluid volume and increased cardiac output. To compensate for these hemodynamic changes and maintain constant BP in salt resistance, renal and peripheral vascular resistance falls and is associated with an increase in production of nitric oxide. In contrast, the decline in peripheral vascular resistance and the increase in nitric oxide are impaired or absent in salt sensitivity, promoting an increase in BP in these individuals. Endothelial dysfunction may pose a particularly significant risk factor in the development of salt sensitivity and subsequent hypertension. Vulnerable salt-sensitive populations may have in common underlying endothelial dysfunction due to genetic or environmental influences. These individuals may be very sensitive to the hemodynamic stress of increased effective blood volume, setting in motion untoward molecular and biochemical events that lead to overproduction of TGF-β, oxidative stress, and limited bioavailable nitric oxide. Finally, chronic high-salt ingestion produces endothelial dysfunction, even in salt-resistant subjects. Thus, the complex syndrome of salt sensitivity may be a function of the endothelium, which is integrally involved in the vascular responses to high salt intake.
Perspective on Clinical Application of Biomarkers in AKI
Authors: Parikh Chirag R. , Mansour Sherry G.
Published: February 2017

Several biomarkers of renal injury have been identified but the utility of these biomarkers is largely confined to research studies, whereas widespread clinical applicability is limited. This is partly because the use of serum creatinine as the comparator has several limitations and restricts the full interpretation of biomarker performance. To highlight the potential for clinical application of biomarkers, the most pertinent biomarker data are summarized here, using clinically relevant scenarios in which biomarkers could assist with diagnostic and management dilemmas. The paradigms proposed in this review aim to enhance the clinical diagnosis, management, and prognosis of AKI through the combined use of available clinical markers and novel inflammatory, injury, and repair biomarkers.
Parent Coaches’ Experiences and Insights into a Youth Soccer Program
Authors: Kerins Andrew , Fernandez Mariela , Shinew Kimberly
Published: February 2017

Municipal governments continue to struggle with decreased funding. In order to offset depleting funds, agencies rely on volunteers to provide resources to the public. In youth sport programs, parents provide much of the support, and it is estimated that 90% of youth sport coaches are parents. Given that parents have been instrumental in youth sport programs, the purpose of this study was to understand parents’ experiences and insights associated with volunteering by using a youth soccer program located in a mid-sized town in Illinois as a case-study. Specifically, the study examined (a) parents’ motivations in volunteering, (b) challenges parent coaches faced while volunteering, and (c) parent coaches’ recommendations to agency personnel. Using a purposive sample, 11 parents were interviewed. Findings indicated that parents were motivated to volunteer in order to help their child, and several expressed a more in-depth philosophy about giving back to the community. The primary motivation and benefit for volunteer coaches was their relationships with the children. Relationships with other adults in the program were also significant, but they tended to be secondary. Challenges in volunteering included working with the children, parents, and agency staff. Agency recommendations included providing incentives to coaches, conducting player assessments, ensuring that recruited volunteers share the agency’s philosophy, and addressing volunteer concerns.
EFEITO AGUDO DA SESSÃO DE TREINAMENTO MUSCULAR INSPIRATÓRIO: INDIVÍDUOS COM DOENÇA RENAL CRÔNICA VS HÍGIDOS
Authors: Oliveira Lidiane Duarte de , Schneider Juliana , Winkelmann Eliane Roseli
Published: February 2017

Introdução: O treinamento muscular inspiratório (TMI) é uma das alternativas de tratamento para fraqueza muscular inspiratória, inclusive para pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC), porém poucos estudos relatam sobre as alterações hemodinâmicas e respiratórias durante a sessão do treinamento. Objetivo: Verificar as repercussões hemodinâmicas e respiratórias em indivíduos com DRC e hígidos submetidos a uma sessão de TMI.  Materiais e Métodos: A amostra foi constituída de 18 indivíduos, 10 hígidos e 8 com DRC. Avaliou-se a força muscular inspiratória (PImax) e a carga do equipamento Threshold® para o TMI, foi ajustada a 30% deste valor. Durante o TMI coletou-se dados das variáveis hemodinâmicas: frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) e variáveis respiratórias: percepção de esforço percebido (Borg) da dispnéia (Bd), saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2) e frequência respiratória (FR). Resultados: Entre as variáveis hemodinâmicas e respiratórias analisadas no início, durante e no fim do TMI, não se observou diferença estatisticamente significativa quando comparados os grupos DRC e hígidos, porém somente houve diferença estatística significativa (p=0,041) na FR dos DRC pré e pós intervenção. Conclusão: Este estudo verificou que durante a sessão de TMI não ocorrem repercussões no comportamento hemodinâmico e respiratório, tanto em indivíduos com DRC, assim como, em indivíduos hígidos.
AVALIAÇÃO DA CAPACIDADE VITAL FORÇADA EM PACIENTES COM INSUFICIÊNCIA RENAL CRÔNICA EM TRATAMENTO HEMODIALITICO
Authors: Santos Caracas Danilo Rocha , Sousa Mariane Alves , Santos Gleidson Ferreira , Lima Daliane Barbosa , Cruz Constança Sampaio
Published: February 2017

Introdução: Nos últimos anos a insuficiência renal crônica tem sido considerada um problema de saúde pública devido à extensão da sua prevalência e ao seu impacto na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos acometidos. Trata-se de uma degeneração contínua progressiva e irreversível da taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) tendo como característica a ruína da funcionalidade dos nefrons, gerando impactos nos sistemas orgânicos principalmente no respiratório. O tratamento dialítico é capaz de prolongar a vida desses pacientes, porém, não evita alguns prejuízos determinados pela condição patológica de base e pelo próprio tratamento. Objetivo: Avaliar os valores da Capacidade Vital Forçada em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica em tratamento dialítico. Métodos: Trata se de um estudo analítico de corte transversal, análise exploratória, e abordagem quantitativa. Foi aplicado questionário sociodemográfico, em seguida, foi realizada a análise da CVF, obtida por meio do espirômetro digital portátil da marca MIR. Resultados: 77% da amostra estudada apresentaram redução da capacidade vital forçada em relação aos valores de normalidade. O cruzamento relacionado à gravidade da doença renal crônica e a capacidade vital forçada foi significativo (p=0,00) apresentando correlação positiva demonstrando que quanto menor TFG, menor é o valor da CVF. Foi Demonstrada através de uma correlação estatisticamente significante que existe um impacto na capacidade vital em relação ao tempo de tratamento dialítico (p=0,03). Conclusão: Os nefropatas em tratamento dialítico possuem redução da CVF e tanto o tempo quanto a gravidade da doença gera impacto negativo na mesma.
EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN PATIENTS AFTER CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Andrade Pedro Henrique Cerqueira de , Cordeiro André Luiz Lisboa , Petto Jefferson
Published: February 2017

Objective: To synthesize the main scientific evidences related to the effects of different protocols of therapy by exercise in patients submitted to cardiac transplantation. Methodology: The research was carried out from the databases MEDLINE and EMBASE via Ovid from 2000 until October 1, 2016, the accumulated index of the literature for nurses and other health professionals (CINAHL), LILACS and Cochrane Central of controlled studies), using the descriptors: heart transplantation, exercise, physiotherapy, physical therapy and physical activity, and no language restriction was imposed for the research, and only the studies developed in the last 16 years were used. Results: 67 articles were found in the initial search. From the 8 articles selected, it was verified that the exercise improved the capacity and the physical performance of individuals in the postoperative period of heart transplant surgeries. Conclusion: Evidence indicates that exercise under the supervision of the professional physiotherapist showed beneficial effects in the rehabilitation of individuals who are in the period after cardiac transplantation.
PERCEPÇÃO DAS PARTICIPANTES DE UM CURSO PARA GESTANTES SOBRE A ABORDAGEM MULTIDISCIPLINAR EM SAÚDE
Authors: Soares de Sousa Vanessa Patrícia , Nunes Rejane Da Silva , De Lima e Silva Denise Maria , Viana Elizabel De Souza Ramalho
Published: February 2017

Introdução: O ciclo gravídico-puerperal é um momento muito particular da mulher e pode ser vivenciado de diferentes formas por ela e seu companheiro. A prática da multidisciplinaridade na assistência ao casal grávido é recomendada pelo Ministério da Saúde, visando garantir-lhes o respeito às suas escolhas e decisões. Objetivo: Analisar a percepção de mulheres grávidas, participantes de um curso preparatório para gestação, parto e pós-parto (CPGPP), sobre a abordagem multidisciplinar utilizada durante o curso. Materiais e métodos: Participaram do estudo 9 casais. Foram usados dois instrumentos de avaliação, elaborados pelos pesquisadores: a Ficha de Avaliação Clínica e Obstétrica e o questionário sobre a percepção do casal em relação a abordagem multidisciplinar adotada no CPGPP. O tratamento qualitativo dos dados foi realizado por meio da análise de discurso. Resultados: O principal resultado mostrou que a abordagem multidisciplinar utilizada no curso é importante, na percepção do casal, pois amplia a assistência à mulher grávida, ultrapassando os limites restritos da abordagem médica. Além disso, as informações compartilhadas são úteis para o gerenciamento das modificações relacionadas à gravidez, bem como aos cuidados com o recém-nascido e fortalecimento do vínculo entre o casal. Conclusão: A prática multidisciplinar de Educação em Saúde é relevante, na percepção dos participantes de grupos educativos, já que expande a assistência ao casal grávido. Adicionalmente, os conhecimentos adquiridos proporcionam maior segurança à grávida e ao companheiro para enfrentar a mudanças decorrentes do ciclo gravídico-puerperal.
LOWER URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION IN CHILDREN: FOCUS ON OVERACTIVE BLADDER
Authors: Lordêlo Patrícia , Teles Alcina
Published: February 2017

A disfunção do trato urinário inferior (DTUI) na infância apresenta alta prevalência, podendo levar a sintomas de urgência miccional, incontinência urinária, infecção do trato urinário, refluxo vesicoureteral, lesão renal, além de impactos psicoemocionais. A hiperatividade vesical (HV) é a forma mais comum de apresentação da DTUI, sendo caracterizada como uma alteração na fase de enchimento vesical, acompanhada por sintomas urinários próprios desta fase, mas com um padrão de fluxo urinário normal e sem apresentação de resíduo pós-miccional. A sua fisiopatologia ainda é controversa, e engloba possibilidades de alterações de origem central, de desencadeamento de contrações não inibidas do detrusor devido ao quadro de constipação intestinal, ou ainda a possibilidade de ser causada pelo quadro de infecção do trato urinário. Há três principais tratamentos disponíveis para tratar crianças com HV: medicação, uroterapia e eletroestimulação. Destes, a terapia medicamentosa ainda é a mais difundida pelo mundo, apesar de trazer diversos efeitos colaterais e baixa taxa de cura. A uroterapia é baseada em orientações miccionais e alimentares e deve ser indicada como a primeira linha terapêutica. A eletroestimulação ainda apresenta diversidade em relação à posição do eletrodo, tempo e frequência da aplicação e parâmetros diferentes em relação à corrente terapêutica. Apesar dessa variabilidade, as terapias combinadas da uroterapia com a eletroestimulação apresentam melhores resultados clínicos de acordo com os trabalhos disponíveis na literatura.
Material didático digital: nova forma de o aluno surdo “ler” e “interagir” com os conteúdos educacionais? / Digital teaching material: a new way for deaf students to “read” and “interact” with educational content?
Authors: Miranda Dayse Garcia
Published: February 2017

RESUMO: O presente artigo se predispõe a discutir a elaboração de material didático acessível e/ou adaptado a alunos surdos, apoiando-se no argumento de que o contexto educacional contemporâneo é marcado pela diversidade e flexibilidade, como também pela necessidade de atender às diferentes demandas de ordens linguísticas, culturais, sociais e regionais. Nesse sentido, para considerar a escola como “espaço para todos”, deve-se orientar pela ideia de que as ações educativas inclusivas têm como eixos o convívio com as diferenças, a aprendizagem como experiência relacional e a interação que produz sentido para o aluno, pois é essa interação que contempla a sua subjetividade. Assim, pretende-se refletir quanto à produção de material e ações educativas para alunos surdos, nomeados recursos didático-pedagógicos, tendo como base teórica Batista (2009), Bunzen; Rojo (2005), Coscarelli (1996), Costa; Paes de Barros (2012), Lacerda; Lodi (2009), Natividade; Pimenta (2009) e Skliar (1999), entre outros.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: material didático digital; surdos; educação inclusiva. ABSTRACT:This paper aims at discussing the elaboration of teaching materials accessible and/or adapted for deaf students, what is supported by the concept of the contemporary educational context as diverse and flexible and by the need to meet the different demands at linguistic, cultural, social and regional levels. In this sense, in order to consider the school as a “space for all”, we must apply the idea that inclusive educational actions are mainly based on socializing regardless of the differences, learning as a relational experience, and interacting as a meaning production mechanism, since this interaction contemplates students’ subjectivity. Thus, the intention of this work is to think about educational actions and material production for deaf students that are named didactic-pedagogical resources, what is theoretically based on the works of Batista (2009), Bunzen; Rojo (2005), Coscarelli (1996), Costa; Paes de Barros (2012), Lacerda; Lodi (2009), Natividade; Pimenta (2009) and Skliar (1999) and others.KEYWORDS: digital teaching materials; deaf people; inclusive education.
Role of oxidative stress in facilitating carcinogenesis
Authors: Natarajan Venkateswaran
Published: February 2017

The carcinogenic role of ROS has been a great debate in the past and will be in the future. ROS is produced by both internal (inflammation) and external sources (UV). ROS is important for various important signalling mechanisms for the normal cellular survival. Even though literature exists to support the role of ROS in cancer, the magnitude of its expression and cell type it is expressed will determine whether it plays a positive (apoptosis) or negative role (genomic instability) in cancer. Apart from inducing DNA damage, ROS facilitates carcinogenesis by regulating cell cycle progression, gap junction, inflammation etc. The present review updates the recent discoveries of how ROS regulates these important cellular signalling mechanisms to facilitate carcinogenesis.
Analysis of railway track deaths-an autopsy based study
Authors: K. Valsala , Sreedevi C. S. , J. Sreelekshmi
Published: February 2017

Background: Railway related deaths account for approximately one percentage of all fatalities submitted to medicolegal autopsies. The study is undertaken with the aim of better understanding of railway track deaths by analyzing the demographic details of victims and other contributing factors which favours the occurrence of railway track deaths.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study of all railway track deaths brought for medicolegal autopsy at Thiruvananthapuram Medical College, Kerala, India from 1st March 2010 to 28th February 2011 was done. A total of 104 cases of railway track deaths were studied excluding cases with advanced decomposition. Clinical case records were studied in treated cases. details regarding nature dimensions and location of injury was entered in a proforma. The data were entered in MS Excel and statistical analysis was done.Results: Out of 104 cases studied 83 (79.8%) victims were male and 21 (20.2%) victims were female. The lowest and highest age of the victim involved in the study was 15 years and 90 years respectively. Elderly people with impairment of vision and hearing are most vulnerable to such accidents 12.5%. The highest frequency of incidence of railway deaths occurred while crossing the Railway track (32.7%), followed by jumping in front of the train (19.2%) and walking along the side or through track (16.3%). In 17.3% of the cases there was no exact history regarding the incident. The most common types of external injuries were lacerated wound and abrasion. In all the cases head showed lacerated wounds and the upper limbs showed abrasion.Conclusions: Present study concludes that majority of victims were males showing a female ratio 4:1, The peak incidence was noted in the 6th decade. Most of the victims were manual labourers. Travelling, moving and crossing near railway tracks in intoxicated condition is very usual practice. Survival period was found to be very less.
The effect of general anaesthesia versus conscious sedation in dosimetric distribution of intracavitary radiotherapy in cervical cancer patients
Authors: Rathore Narendra , Shukla Arvind Kumar , Bana Poonam Chand , Jain Abhay Kumar , Rajpurohit Vikram Singh , Intodia Kiran
Published: February 2017

Background: Majority of Indian patients presents in locally advanced stage and most of them treated by combination of external teletherapy and intracavitary brachytherapy (ICRT). Because of deficient infrastructure, the waiting period is generally long at existing caner canters. Hence ICRT may be done in conscious sedation to treat more patients by avoiding time consuming general anaesthesia. The aim of this study is to know the effect of general anaesthesia vs. conscious sedation in dosimetric distribution in brachytherapy and its feasibility.Methods: Total 80 ICRT applications were randomized to general anaesthesia (GA) and conscious sedation (CS) groups. Fletcher suit type of applicators was used and dose delivery equipment was cobalt 60 high dose rate remote after loading brachytherapy unit. In CS group, injection midazolam 0.5-8mg (median 2.5mg) in the form of slow i.v. infusion was used along with antiemetic support.Results: Total 6 parameters were analyzed. e.g., Dose to point A1, Dose to point A2, Bladder max dose, Bladder mean dose, Rectal max dose and Rectal mean dose. The dose distribution was found similar both   groups and it did not depend on type of anaesthesia.Conclusions: The high volume centers of developing countries are most suitable candidate to opt conscious sedation to perform ICRT to treat more cancer cervix patients in same time frame.
Relationship of expression of HER 2 protein according to histological type tumors by lauren in gastric cancer
Authors: Spahić Amir , Jakovljević Branislava
Published: February 2017

Background: Gastric cancer, by the definition of World Health Organization (WHO), is a malignant epithelial tumor of mucosa of the stomach with glandular differentiation. Objective of this Scientific paper was to maintain the relation of expression of HER2 protein and hystological type of cancer according to Lauren in gastric cancer.Methods: In this research, archival samples of tissues of gastric cancer are used from 60 patients that have been obtained after subttotal or total Gastrectomy with a regional lymphadenectomy of lymph nodes. The most representative tissue samples of gastric cancer tissues are selected by the standard hematoxylin-eosin staining method which are cut again by using a microtome and treated by immunohistochemistrical technique with antibody on the HER2 according to the protocol of the producer and then evaluated by light-microscopic and again evaluated by a modified system of scoring the HER2 positivity of surgical resections. In the data processing, descriptive statistics and nonparametric test of significance respectively. Chi square test and one sample T-test, and also correlation tests respectively Pearson test of correlation.Results: Statistical analysis of expression of HER2 protein according to hystological type of gastric cancer done by chi-square test, does not show significant relation between these two variables (x2=4,900). Analysis by using one sample T-test does not show statistical significance (t=1.1880), and analysis by using Pearson test of correlation shows negative correlation that is not statistically significant (r= -0.029) between these two tested parameters.Conclusions: Expression of HER2 protein by using an univariate statistical method according to Pearson has shown a negligible negative correlation without statistical significance according to histological type by Lauren.
Evaluation of lung function among the Indian elite female weightlifters
Authors: Adhikari Snehunsu , Perla Adilakshmi , Sayana Suresh Babu , Tiwari Mithilesh K. , Medabala Tambi
Published: February 2017

Background: Spirometry is an essential tool to evaluate lung function of health and disease. Adaptability of lung and chest among athletes can be assessed by lung function test (LFT). The quest of our study was to evaluate the lung function (LF) of highly trained Indian female weighting athletes, and intended to appraise the adaptation of LF among trained elite athletes.Methods: Top ranked Indian female professional weightlifters (study group, n=6) were recruited for this study. Three out of the six weightlifters were from top ten world ranking of 6th, 7th and 9th. Age matched controls (control group, n=6) were selected for this study. Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), percentage of forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1%) and ratio of forced expiratory volume in first second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC%) have been evaluated as per the ATS/ERS guidelines.Results: Statistically higher significant values of VC and FVC were noted in study group, where as other values (MVV, FEV1% and FEV1/FVC%) found no significant difference between two groups.Conclusions: Power, strength and explosiveness of the skeletal muscles are vital domains in weightlifting sport. Weightlifting is such a sport doesn’t require much ventilatory efforts during training as well as competition. This study clueing that physiological adaptation/ improvement of the pulmonary function (PF) depends on the type of the sport being engaged by the athletes.
A comparison of the effects of desflurane and total intravenous anaesthesia on the motor evoked responses in scoliosis surgery
Authors: Isik Betul , Turan Güldem , Abitagaoglu Suheyla , Ekinci Osman , Özgültekin Asu
Published: February 2017

Background: In the present study, we compared the effects of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) and desflurane anaesthesia on tcMEPs in scoliosis surgery.Methods: The study included 45 patients between the ages of 18 to 50 years, and classified as ASAI-II; which were planned to undergo posterior fusion/instrumentation operations for elective scoliosis.  Anaesthesia was maintained using 50-150 mcg/kg/min propofol in Group T(TIVA), and desflurane (0.5 MAC) in Group D, and with infusions of 0.05-0.3 mcg/kg/min remifentanil at 50 % O2 + air in both groups, by applying drugs at doses so that bispectral index (BIS) would be maintained between 40 and 60 throughout the course of anaesthesia. The tcMEP responses were measured four times during the operation, and BIS, train-of-four (TOF), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate(HR), and end tidal CO2(ETCO2) values were recorded simultaneously. In both group the anaesthesia was ended at the final surgical suture.  The recovery parameters were recorded.Results: The groups were found not to differ regarding the demographic characteristics, duration of the anaesthesia and the surgery, remifentanil dosage, tcMEP, the simultaneously recorded TOF, MAP, HR and ETCO2 values, and the amount of perioperative bleeding. The cooperation time and the orientation time were shorter in group D. The tcMEP responses were recorded in the appropriate times and amplitudes in both groups. Conclusions: TIVA is primarily used in routine applications in spinal surgery; however our study results revealed that 0.5 MAC desflurane may also be safely used in association with remifentanil, with the resultant correct tcMEP responses.
A study to find correlation of platelet indices with HbA1c in diabetic patients with absence/presence of vascular complications
Authors: Dubey Ishan , Gaur Bindu Singh , Singh Roma
Published: February 2017

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a global pandemic disease. The increased platelet activity is emphasized to play a role in the development of vascular complications of the metabolic disorder. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is an indicator of average size and activity of platelets. This study was conducted to find correlation of platelet indices with HbA1c in diabetic patients with absence/presence of vascular complications.Methods: Total of 100 subjects was enrolled in the study. Sample for glucose estimation and platelet indices were collected and estimation were carried out by the auto-analyzers. The statistical evaluation is done using SPSS version 22. Student t- test was used for doing comparison between two variables namely HbA1c <7 and HbA1c ≥7 and diabetics with vascular complications v/s without vascular complications.Results: MPV, is significantly higher in patients with type -2 diabetes mellitus with HbA1C ≥7 and those with vascular complications in comparison to patients having HbA1c <7 and those without vascular complications ( p- value <0.001 which is highly significant).Conclusions: MPV might be used as a simple and cost-effective laboratory test in the follow up of diabetes mellitus along with HbA1c and thereby help to reduce the morbidity and mortality.
Determination of rate and analysis of reasons for discarding blood and blood components in a blood bank of tertiary care hospital:a retrospective study
Authors: Chavan Surekha K.
Published: February 2017

Background: The transfusion of blood and blood components has become an integral part of patient management in modern medicine. There are no substitutes for human blood. Thus, proper utilization of blood is necessary with minimal wasting.Methods: A total of 15,333 donors donated blood during the study period of 3 years in blood bank of a tertiary care hospital, south Maharashtra from 1 st of January, 2013 to 31 st December 2015, which were screened.Results: Of the total 3355 whole blood collection, 615 blood bags were discarded. Out of these 615 bags 544 (88.45%) were discarded because of date expired, 41(6.66%) blood bags were discarded due to seropositivity for TTI and 22 (3.5%) blood bags were due under collection and leakage and other reasons contributed for 1.3%. A total of 4026 blood components were discarded against 29,715 blood components prepared during the study period. Among blood components discarded, most common units were platelets. The most common cause of discarding the blood components was expiry of date due to non-utilization were 3475 (86.31%).Conclusions: Properly implemented blood transfusion policies, training of staff as well as implementation of automation will also help to improve process and output of BTS. This would reduce the discarding of blood components and wastage due to non-conformance. These discarded bags, because they are unutilized are both financially as well as socially harmful to the blood bank.
Prank gone wrong, transverse colon perforation due to air compressor pipe placed in anus
Authors: Suraj Lisha , Shaikh Tanveer
Published: February 2017

Colonic perforation and pneumoperitoneum are the most commonly seen complications in cases of air entry into rectum at a high velocity in a short duration of time. Here we present a case of 24-year-old male who was brought to our emergency department with severe abdominal pain and distension for 2 hours. History suggestive of prank that went wrong, when somebody pumped high-pressure air from an air compressor into his anus while he was changing his clothes. The physical examination and investigations were suggestive of free gas in peritoneal cavity and the patient was taken for emergency exploratory laparotomy. On exploration, gaseous distention of whole colon was observed with serosal tear all along the colon with fresh bleeding. A rent of 1x1 cm seen in middle of transverse colon. The defect was closed primarily and a diverting loop ileostomy was made. Several number of cases of Air compressor abuse has been reported in literature as it is one of the non-iatrogenic cause of barotrauma to colon. It is usually seen when friends play prank on each other.
Взаимодействие государства и бизнеса как конфликт между присваивающей экономикой и глобализацией
Authors: Сергеева Мария Вячеславовна
Published: February 2017

Статья посвящена изучению влияния деятельности государства на уровень образования в стране, благодаря чему формируется человеческий капитал и знание, необходимые для участия страны в глобальных процессах. Укоренившиеся черты присваивающей экономики характерны для любого государства, что в целом тормозит мировые процессы интеграции и глобализации. Одной из характерных черт присваивающей экономики в современном мире является низкий уровень образования. В связи с чем, возникла гипотеза о наличии положительной взаимосвязи между уровнем образования в стране и уровнем вовлеченности этой страны в глобальное мировое пространство. Для выявления этой взаимосвязи был проведен корреляционный анализ показателей индекса образования и KOF-индекса глобализации за 1980, 1990, 2000 и 2013 гг. В результате проведенного анализа, была выявлена значимая положительная корреляция между индексом образования и индексом глобализации. Соответственно, уровень образования в стране действительно оказывает сильное положительное влияние на степень вовлеченности страны в мировое хозяйство, и, как следствие, на политические процессы.
Особенности финансирования социальной инфраструктуры
Authors: Воронина Валерия Сергеевна
Published: February 2017

В статье затронута актуальная на сегодняшний день проблема определения понятия социальной инфраструктуры. Приведены мнения различных авторов, а также дано авторское определение. Также рассмотрена проблема финансирования, как государством, так и частными субъектами. Государству не удаётся выделить достаточный объем финансирования для данных отраслей, в связи с этим в статье рассмотрено актуальное направление – государственно-частное партнерство. Анализируется уровень развития данного направления на территории России. Для примера были рассмотрены страны «Большой семерки» и проекты, которые реализуются в данных странах.
Het geheim van de anatoom: Adolphe Burggraeve en de ontwikkeling van de Belgische anatomie in de negentiende eeuw
Authors: Deblon Veronique , Huistra Pieter
Published: February 2017

The anatomist’s secret: Adolphe Burggraeve and the development of Belgian anatomy in the nineteenth century  Lifelike and elegant preparations are often connected to an early modern anatomical tradition that had disappeared by the beginning of the nineteenth century. Anatomy’s transformation at the end of the eighteenth century caused anatomists to tone down the elaborate decorations of anatomical preparations. However, some anatomists still prepared lifelike preparations in the nineteenth century. Adolphe Burggraeve enriched the cabinet of the university of Ghent with multiple lifelike preparations for which he received scientific credit. Contrary to contemporary scientific standards his injection technique remained a secret. Burggraeve linked his preparations to the work of Frederik Ruysch by cultivating the secrecy surrounding his injection method which added prestige to Burggraeve’s status. Moreover, he was able to connect lifelike preparations to contemporary scientific debates. We argue that estheticized anatomical preparations were still a relevant anatomical practice in Belgian anatomy in the first half of the nineteenth century as their display for a medical and non-medical audience allowed anatomists to gain scientific prestige while also developing a national scientific discipline.
IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS DA MINERAÇÃO E DA EXPANSÃO URBANA EM MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL: O CASO DE CONGONHAS – PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL DA HUMANIDADE
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Mariza
Published: February 2017

Muitas transformações urbanas têm afetado a cidade de Congonhas e outras cidades da rede de influência de Belo Horizonte, onde tem havido um processo continuado de modernização industrial e um forte desenvolvimento de atividades do setor terciário. As alterações nas paisagens urbanas de Congonhas no período atual e o processo de periurbanização e conurbação com os municípios de Conselheiro Lafaiete e Ouro Branco na área de mineração, pertencente ao Quadrilátero Ferrífero e à Bacia do Rio Maranhão, foram fatores determinantes para o início da investigação científica.

Palavras-chave: Geociência – Meio Ambiente – Exploração Mineral – Paisagens Urbanas – Conurbação
ZONEAMENTO URBANO E DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL AO TRABALHO: POSSIBILIDADES PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL
Authors: Bezerra Barbosa Guilherme , Damaceno de Oliveira Felipe Augusto , Dias Ribeiro Pedro Roney
Published: February 2017

Os problemas relacionados ao direito à moradia se comunicam com outras áreas jurídicas, como o direito ao trabalho digno. Diante disso, objetivou-se verificar os possíveis impactos da política urbana nos direitos do trabalhador. Portanto, é feita neste estudo uma explanação sobre alguns instrumentos de política urbana e seu possível diálogo com questões relacionadas ao direito do trabalho. Após isso, é feita a exposição da situação de quatro comunidades de Fortaleza. Consegue-se verificar os impactos da política urbana sobre o direito ao trabalho digno, sobretudo em relação ao descanso e deslocamento, e, partindo dessas observações, é possível formular algumas considerações.

Palavras-chave: Direito urbanístico; sustentabilidade; meio ambiente do trabalho; mobilidade urbana; ZEIS.
ECOTURISMO COMO VALOR PATRIMONIAL DE RESIGNIFICAÇÃO DO LUGAR: A EXPERIÊNCIA NA CHAPADA DIAMANTINA-BA
Authors: Gondim Lucas Bezerra , Monteiro de Oliveira Christian Dennys
Published: February 2017

Este trabalho consiste em tratar de uma modalidade do turismo ecológico, diferenciada da visão mais convencional. Considera perspectivas da educação patrimonial a partir de vivências exploratórias, realizadas em 2014, na Chapada Diamantina, estado da Bahia. Evidenciaremos as potencialidades do ecoturismo associado às formas de valorização do lugar simbólico como espaço de ressignificação do patrimônio natural. Embora a relação entre esta prática turística e a educação já tenha sido debatida por alguns autores, buscamos um olhar alternativo, no qual esta atividade de lazer/ensino requalifica o patrimônio, na perspectiva do turista, enquanto lugar. Para tanto estreitamos diálogos entre autores que discutem o lugar e o patrimônio natural na abordagem cultural da Geografia.
Palavras-chave: Patrimônio natural; Ecoturismo; Educação patrimonial; Chapada Diamantina; Lugar