bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Islamic Education of Civil Society in the Perspective of Sociology
Authors: Purwadhi Purwadhi , Komara Endang
Published: November 2024

This research aims to explore the role of Islamic religious education in shaping civil society through the perspective of religious sociology. Islamic religious education aims to make humans the caliph on earth and integrate religious teachings with the social system that prevails in society. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a literature approach, and data analysis is carried out using the content analysis method. The study results show that Islamic religious education facilitates understanding social concepts because Islam has a social purpose. In addition, the sociological approach plays an important role in understanding the meanings of the Qur'an as it relates to social life. Sociology, from the perspective of religion, is a view of life that is considered important in people's lives and has a close relationship with each other. Religion also plays a role in shaping the social structure of society. In the study of the sociology of religion, the focus is on social phenomena in religious societies, not only on religious teachings themselves. This study concludes that Islamic religious education is important in shaping the character of a civilized and common welfare-oriented society. For further research, it is recommended to conduct an empirical study on implementing Islamic religious education in a multicultural society and its impact on social harmony.
Evaluative Study of the Implementation of the Independent Curriculum in Physical Education Elementary School Level Using the CIPP Model
Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi , Hidayatullah Muhammad Furqon , Syaifullah Rony , Riyadi Slamet
Published: November 2024

This research aims to evaluate the use of the Independent Curriculum in Physical Education Learning at the elementary school level using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) model approach. This research uses a qualitative case study approach in 12 public elementary schools in Mojogedang District, Karanganyar Regency, Indonesia. Data was obtained through observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. The significance of this research is Penjas learning at the elementary school level. The main focus of this research lies in the need to ensure the effectiveness of implementing the Merdeka Curriculum. As a result of this research, it was found that there were significant variations in the implementation of the Independent Curriculum between schools. Although the context aspect highlights the importance of developing students holistically, there are differences in the ideal concept and its implementation. Input evaluations show significant differences in school readiness, especially in teacher capabilities and resource availability. Product evaluation shows various differences in efforts to develop student competencies. The results of this research conclude that a more differentiated and contextual implementation strategy is needed, as well as getting sustainable support in teacher professional development and improving educational infrastructure.
Barriers and Strategies: Analysis of the Implementation of Independent Learning Independent Campus (MBKM) at PTKI in Aceh
Authors: Fadli M. , Hanum Lathifah , Amri Khairul , Rusli Rusli
Published: November 2024

The objective of this study is to analyze the challenges encountered in the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) policy in Islamic Religious Colleges (PTKI) in Aceh and to propose strategies to address these challenges and enhance the effectiveness of policy implementation. The study focuses specifically on implementing the MBKM policy in PTKI in Aceh, which is noteworthy due to the unique obstacles relating to infrastructure and human resources in this region. The study offers strategic solutions that can be employed to improve the effectiveness of MBKM policy implementation. Furthermore, it provides valuable insights for other universities in Indonesia that may confront similar challenges in implementing the MBKM policy. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach to investigate PTKI subjects, using interviews, observations, and policy document analysis. The findings reveal that significant obstacles, including a lack of understanding and awareness, limited technological infrastructure, insufficient internet access, and financial constraints impede the implementation of PTKI in Aceh. To overcome these challenges, strategic efforts are needed to raise awareness and educate stakeholders about MBKM, upgrade technology and internet infrastructure, enhance human resource readiness and training, revise internal policies to support the flexibility of MBKM better, streamline bureaucratic processes, and explore additional or alternative sources of funding to support program implementation.
The Influence of Transformational Leadership Style and Compensation on Teacher Performance through Organizational Commitment as an Intervening Variable
Authors: Soelistya Djoko , Selamet Selamet
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine the influence of transformational leadership style and compensation on teacher performance with organizational commitment as an intervening variable in the Malik Ibrahim Gresik Islamic Foundation Educational Institution. The quantitative approach uses a saturated sampling method, where the entire population is sampled. Data was collected through a questionnaire given to teachers at the institution and then analyzed using path analysis techniques to test the relationship between variables. The results of the study show that transformational leadership style has a significant influence on teacher performance. The better the transformational leadership style implementation, the higher the teachers' performance. On the other hand, compensation does not significantly influence teacher performance, which means that the increase in compensation does not directly impact improving teacher performance. However, through organizational commitment as an intervening variable, it was found that organizational commitment plays an important role in mediating the influence of transformational leadership style on teacher performance. These results show that teacher performance can be improved through transformational leadership and increased organizational commitment. This research provides practical implications for the management of educational institutions, especially in developing transformational leadership styles and strengthening organizational commitment to improve teacher performance.
Implementation of Character Building Training in the Framework of Cultivating a Moderate Attitude of Religion in Students
Authors: Makmur Makmur , Hasis Pertiwi Kamariah , Rizal A.
Published: November 2024

This study examines the implementation of Character Building Training (PPK) and the content delivered. This qualitative study involved 60 students, and eight lecturers selected using purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques, with data collection considered sufficient if it has reached saturation point. Data was collected through observation and in-depth interviews from June to September 2022. Data analysis was carried out manually using the Discovering Cultural Themes model, including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and verification. The study results indicate that PPK is implemented through a PPK campaign cycle, capacity building, and institutionalization with an approach including mentoring, learning, guidance, and support. The content includes attitudes and values, skills, knowledge, and integrative moderate insights, strengthening tolerant, open, critical, caring, and creative behavior, respecting differences, and behaving politely. The CBT program has specifically strengthened the religious character and love of the homeland, with the most significant improvements in this area. The implications and contributions of this study highlight the importance of continuous character education among youth as a tool to strengthen religious moderation.
Surfactant Content Influence On Formation Water Compatibility
Authors: Oktavia Della Azlia , Ramadhan Romal , Prabowo Dimas Hadi , Syaifurrohman Alfatih , Abdurrahman Muslim
Published: November 2024

In the pursuit of resolving surfactant non-solubility issues for enhanced oil recovery, this study identifies surfactants that are soluble and compatible with the formation brine of the Langgak field. Over the course of 21 days, the solubility and compatibility of 12 various surfactants were evaluated in synthetic brine with a salinity of 100 ppm and a reservoir temperature of 58˚C. The results indicated that surfactants S3 to S11 were compatible, exhibiting no signs of cloudiness or precipitation, thus making them suitable for further testing. These surfactants are recommended to proceed to phase behavior and interfacial tension (IFT) tests to evaluate their performance and impact on brine formation under reservoir conditions. Conversely, surfactants S1, S2, and S12 demonstrated incompatibility with the Langgak field's brine, as evidenced by cloudiness and precipitation. This incompatibility highlighted specific surfactant compositions that do not align well with the brine composition, providing crucial insights for future surfactant formulation. Understanding these interactions aids in improving the process of choosing surfactants that work well in comparable conditions. Overall, this study establishes a foundational understanding of surfactant-brine interactions, guiding the selection of suitable surfactants for enhanced oil recovery in the Langgak field.
Conductivity Prediction Method of Solid Electrolyte Materials Based on Pearson Coefficient Method and Ensemble Learning
Authors: Wang Jiazheng , Rajendran Parvathy
Published: November 2024

In order to screen solid electrolytic materials with high ionic conductivity more quickly and accurately, a conductivity prediction method for solid electrolyte materials based on logistic regression model and random forest regression model is constructed. The method first selects 20 characteristic descriptors related to ionic conductivity from material library according to four dimensions: structural stability, metal stability, electronic conductivity and oxidative decomposition stability. The enumeration method and feature selection method are used to combine different features. Then, the dimension reduction of the feature combinations is carried out by Pearson coefficient method, so as to screen the optimal feature combinations. Finally, according to the optimal feature combination and data subset, the constructed random forest ensemble learning model is utilized to predict the ionic conductivity of other solid-state electrolyte materials in the material library, in order to find the solid-state electrolyte materials that can meet the high conductivity. The results indicate that as the number of features in the combination increases, the prediction performance of the model shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the feature descriptor in the combination is 7, the maximum AUC (Accuracy) value is reached, and the optimal feature in this case contains 7 optimal feature subsets corresponding to feature descriptors, namely the standard deviation of the average adjacency number of Li atoms, the standard deviation of Li-X ion bonds, the average electronegativity of the straight path, the average width of the straight path, the average atomic volume, the average Li-Li bond, and the filling fraction of the sublattice. On the basis of the optimal feature screening, the average prediction accuracy of the logistic regression model is 87.13%, which has a high accuracy. Using the random forest regression model for prediction, the average absolute error and root mean square error obtained are only 0.237 and 0.134, and compared with classical classification methods such as KNN, SVM and Adaboost, they are smaller, which can better predict the ionic conductivity of solid electrolyte materials. This proves that the constructed method can quickly and accurately produce high ionic conductivity materials in solid electrolyte materials, which is worthy of further research and promotion.
ЭЛЕКТРОННО-ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЙ КУРС ПО УЧЕБНОЙ ДИСЦИПЛИНЕ «МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЕ ПРАВО» ДЛЯ КУРСАНТОВ И СЛУШАТЕЛЕЙ, ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ ПО СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ 40.05.01
Authors: Марина Викторовна Конопляникова , Светлана Геннадьевна Куликова , Александр Анатольевич Шувалов
Published: November 2024

Электронно-образовательный курс по учебной дисциплине «Муниципальное право» для курсантов, обучающихся по специальности 40.05.01 «Правовое обеспечение национальной безопасности», представляет собой структурированный материал по следующим темам: 1) Муниципальное право как отрасль российского права. Муниципальное право как наука и учебная дисциплина; Местное самоуправление: понятие, основные черты, принципы и функции; 2) Формы непосредственного осуществления населением местного самоуправления; 3) Муниципальная служба: понятие, система; 4) Компетенция органов местного самоуправления в социально-культурной сфере, в хозяйственной сфере деятельности. Также электронно-образовательный курс содержит контролирующий модуль – контрольные вопросы и задания для подготовки к семинарским занятиям.
МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ АВТОМАТИЗАЦИИ СИСТЕМ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА
Authors: Оксана Александровна Гаврилова
Published: November 2024

Пособие разработано в соответствии с требованиями ФГОС ВПО к подготовке выпускников для получения квалификации «магистр». Раскрывает основные понятия, сущность, порядок и базовые методологические аспекты проектирования новых технологий в условиях применения автоматизированных систем технической подготовки производства. В учебном пособии применен кейсовый подход к изложению материала, рассмотрены примеры из различных отраслей промышленности. Предназначено для студентов технических специальностей.
Pedagogical and Social Transformations in Post-Apartheid Mathematics Education
Authors: Mbhiza Hlamulo Wiseman , Jojo Zingiswa
Published: November 2024

This special issue addresses the complexities of mathematics teaching and learning in post-apartheid South Africa by exploring themes such as pedagogical reasoning, decoloniality, rural education challenges, and teacher preparation. It contributes to the ongoing dialogue on mathematics education's role in social transformation, enhancing the body of knowledge and deepening practitioners' understanding of its impact.
Pedagogical responsiveness: Focus on the Ukuqonda institute’s mode of engagement in mathematics
Authors: Maoto Satsope , Setati Manare , Mphuthi Gabriel
Published: November 2024

This paper was prompted by mathematics teachers’ challenges in implementing the proposed framework that centres on teaching for understanding, as opposed to teaching aimed at producing marks as evidence of achievement. Teaching for understanding in mathematics, among other factors, requires the creation of engaging and inclusive learning environments underpinned by teachers’ pedagogical responsiveness to the diverse needs of learners. We investigated pedagogical responsiveness, focusing on the Ukuqonda Institute’s mode of engagement in mathematics. We specifically pursued two research questions: 1) What are the key elements of the Ukuqonda Institute’s mode of engagement in mathematics? and 2) What characterised the pedagogical responsiveness of mathematics educators at the Ukuqonda Institute? We adopted collaborative autoethnography and used two data sets generated from audio recordings captured by the authors. We employed narrative analysis and organised the findings using the characteristics of pedagogical responsiveness as heuristic devices. The findings show that the participants’ pedagogical responsiveness was stimulated by the iterative process of team planning, deliberate implementation, and reflection. The prevalent characteristics were learner interactions, learner focus, inclusivity, dialogue and relationality, knowledge work, social justice, and equity. We recommend that similar studies be conducted targeting pedagogical responsiveness with a focus on other mathematical themes. Furthermore, this study suggests that, to remain pedagogically responsive, there should be constructive alignment among the types of tasks, questions, classroom interactions, and targeted content that underpin mathematics teaching and learning across different educational levels.
Decolonising mathematics education: Teachers’ initial experiences of using ethnomathematical games in the intermediate phase
Authors: Meeran Safura
Published: November 2024

The African Agenda 2063 strives to attain the goals of peace and prosperity, and to do so, there must be a process of political liberation and decolonisation. In the South African context, decolonisation involves transforming the mathematics curriculum to one that is African by employing cultural approaches such as ethnomathematics. However, South African mathematics teachers still rely on Eurocentric methods for teaching mathematics. To decolonise mathematics in the Intermediate Phase, a project was initiated that utilised indigenous games for teaching mathematics. This paper aims to identify whether such efforts to decolonise mathematics education will be accepted or rejected by the mathematics teachers involved in this study. The paper is framed by the Critical Mathematics Pedagogy Theory. A qualitative case study approach was employed to collect data through a focus group interview with ten mathematics teachers who teach in rural and semi-rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The findings demonstrate that ethnomathematical games encourage mathematics learning, that teachers’ initial apprehensions gave way to enthusiasm, that learners were excited to play and learn, and that teachers found it effortless to integrate mathematical concepts such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, factorisation, and quadrilaterals with the indigenous games of Morabaraba, Tshetershere, Diketo, and Kgati. Recommendations include that mathematics educational policies incorporate ethnomathematics as a policy directive and that teachers receive training in alternative cultural pedagogical practices for teaching mathematics, such as the use of ethnomathematics. Future research endeavours should focus on finding avenues to sustain ethnomathematics in the classroom.
Minimal change in achievement in high-stakes mathematics examinations in low socio-economic status environments in post-apartheid South Africa
Authors: Nel Benita P. , Julie Cyril , Gierdien Faaiz , Simons Marius , May Bruce
Published: November 2024

Since various curriculum versions have been implemented in the post-apartheid era, achievement results in high-stakes mathematics examinations are still structured along socio-economic status lines. Continuing professional development (CPD) for mathematics teachers is widely viewed as a mechanism to address this issue. This study uses a specific CPD project to explore the question, “Are three decades-long enough to enhance achievement outcomes in high-stakes mathematics examinations for learners from low socio-economic status environments?” Bricolage is employed as the underlying research framework due to the multifaceted nature of CPD. In one of the residential institutes in 2018, a 7-item questionnaire, based on features of effective CPD and containing four ordinal response categories, was administered to 55 participating teachers (30 females and 25 males). To acknowledge the complex nature of CPD, themes were developed and primarily analysed using descriptive statistics. The analysis revealed that, although mathematics teachers respond favourably to practising previously taught material, there are factors that hinder the sustainability of such an approach. It is concluded that 30 years is not a sufficient timespan to expect significant change. It is recommended that drastic measures be taken regarding the continuing professional development of mathematics teachers to address disparities along class and racial lines.
Culturally responsive pedagogy for the promotion of understanding Mathematics: The case of rural situated primary schools in Post-apartheid South Africa
Authors: Jojo Zingiswa
Published: November 2024

The language of instruction, awareness, and creativity are at the centre of the realities faced by both mathematics teachers and learners, shaped by a socio-political history whose impact and legacy transcend generations in South Africa. Consequently, the dire state of mathematics education in South Africa remains a cause for concern. Recognising the need to conceptualise and develop culturally responsive pedagogy, this paper presents the results from the third phase of a three-year longitudinal study focused on teachers' journeys in infusing indigenous knowledge when teaching geometry to senior primary learners in rural schools. This qualitative study, which followed a case study design, explored several approaches to discussing, teaching, and considering an immediate, perpetual, operative, and discursive approach as culturally disruptive pedagogy used as an indigenous way to promote geometric understanding. Observations and semi-structured interviews were conducted with two purposefully selected participants after their lesson presentations to allow them to clarify, elaborate, and introduce more detail, enriching their explanations of the artefacts used. Results indicated that teachers’ references to several artefacts and indigenous activities, such as using straws, wool, and staplers, promoted the understanding of the construction of prisms and pyramids. Recommendations include training mathematics teachers to prepare lessons that incorporate indigenous knowledge and to explore ethnomathematics as a culturally responsive teaching strategy, particularly in contextualising mathematical geometry learning, so that this concept can have relevance and meaning for rural students.
Post-apartheid complexities of Xitsonga and mathematics teaching in rural foundation phase classrooms: A case of number patterns
Authors: Mbhiza Hlamulo Wiseman , Zondo Ayanda , Mlangeni Sibongile , Mpitso Vuyelwa Brenda
Published: November 2024

The study conducted in rural Acornhoek, Mpumalanga, addresses the inadequate research and understanding surrounding the teaching of mathematics in the early grades, particularly in rural South African schools where indigenous languages like Xitsonga are used as the medium of instruction. This gap in research highlights the broader issue of the implications of language policy in South Africa for educational success, where the political nature of language use complicates effective teaching practices. The primary objective of this study is to contribute to the ongoing discourse on the role of home languages in mathematics teaching, specifically focusing on how the use of Xitsonga during lessons on patterns in early-grade classrooms limits the effectiveness of teachers’ instruction on the concepts. The theoretical grounding of this research is rooted in the understanding that language is not merely a tool for communication but is intricately linked to identity and learning. Within an interpretive paradigm, the data collection process for this qualitative study involved three main components: unstructured non-participatory classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and video-stimulated recall interviews. In this paper, we focus solely on the data from classroom observations to illustrate the dynamics of using the Xitsonga language to teach patterns in rural Foundation Phase classrooms. The sample consisted of 33 teachers from three different school sites in Acornhoek. The findings reveal the complexities involved in using Xitsonga to teach mathematical concepts. Teachers faced challenges related to language proficiency, pedagogical strategies, and the integration of local cultural contexts into their teaching practices.
Outcomes of Sub-Neptune Collisions
Authors: Ghosh Tuhin , Chatterjee Sourav , Lombardi James C.
Published: November 2024

Observed high multiplicity planetary systems are often tightly packed. Numerical studies indicate that such systems are susceptible to dynamical instabilities. Dynamical instabilities in close-in tightly packed systems, similar to those found in abundance by Kepler, often lead to planet–planet collisions. For sub-Neptunes, the dominant type of observed exoplanets, the planetary mass is concentrated in a rocky core, but the volume is dominated by a low-density gaseous envelope. For these, using the traditional perfect merger assumption (also known as the “sticky-sphere” approximation) to resolve collisions is questionable. Using both N-body integration and smoothed-particle hydrodynamics, we have simulated sub-Neptune collisions for a wide range in realistic kinematic properties such as impact parameters (

b
′

) and impact velocities (

v

im

) to study the possible outcomes in detail. We find that the majority of the collisions with kinematic properties similar to what is expected from dynamical instabilities in multiplanet systems may not lead to mergers of sub-Neptunes. Instead, both sub-Neptunes survive the encounter, often with significant atmosphere loss. When mergers do occur, they can involve significant mass loss and can sometimes lead to complete disruption of one or both planets. Sub-Neptunes merge or disrupt if

b
′
<

b

c

′

, a critical value dependent on

v

im

/v
esc, where v
esc is the escape velocity from the surface of the hypothetical merged planet assuming perfect merger. For

v

im

/

v

esc

≲
2.5

,

b

c

′

∝

(

v

im

/

v

esc

)

−
2

, and collisions with

b
′
<

b

c

′

typically leads to mergers. On the other hand, for

v

im

/

v

esc

≳
2.5

,

b

c

′

∝

v

im

/v
esc, and the collisions with

b
′
<

b

c

′

can result in complete destruction of one or both sub-Neptunes.
Environmental Quenching of Low-surface-brightness Galaxies Near Hosts from Large Magellanic Cloud to Milky Way Mass Scales
Authors: Bhattacharyya J. , Peter A. H. G. , Martini P. , Mutlu-Pakdil B. , Drlica-Wagner A. , Pace A. B. , Strigari L. E. , Cheng T.-Y. , Roberts D. , Tanoglidis D. , Aguena M. , Alves O. , Andrade-Oliveira F. , Bacon D. , Brooks D. , Carnero Rosell A. , Carretero J. , da Costa L. N. , Pereira M. E. S. , Davis T. M. , Desai S. , Doel P. , Ferrero I. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Giannini G. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Hinton S. R. , Hollowood D. L. , Honscheid K. , James D. J. , Kuehn K. , Marshall J. L. , Mena-Fernández J. , Miquel R. , Palmese A. , Pieres A. , Plazas Malagón A. A. , Sanchez E. , Santiago B. , Schubnell M. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith M. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , Vincenzi M. , Walker A. R. , Weaverdyck N. , Wiseman P. ,   Dark Energy Survey Collaboration
Published: November 2024

Low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBGs) are excellent probes of quenching and other environmental processes near massive galaxies. We study an extensive sample of LSBGs near massive hosts in the local universe that are distributed across a diverse range of environments. The LSBGs with surface-brightness

μ

eff
,
g

>
24.2

mag

arcsec

−
2

are drawn from the Dark Energy Survey Year 3 catalog while the hosts with masses

9.0
<
log
(

M

⋆

/

M

⊙

)
<
11.0

comparable to the Milky Way and the Large Magellanic Cloud are selected from the z0MGS sample. We study the projected radial density profiles of LSBGs as a function of their color and surface brightness around hosts in both the rich Fornax–Eridanus cluster environment and the low-density field. We detect an overdensity with respect to the background density, out to 2.5 times the virial radius for both hosts in the cluster environment and the isolated field galaxies. When the LSBG sample is split by g − i color or surface brightness μ
eff, g
, we find the LSBGs closer to their hosts are significantly redder and brighter, like their high-surface-brightness counterparts. The LSBGs form a clear “red sequence” in both the cluster and isolated environments that is visible beyond the virial radius of the hosts. This suggests preprocessing of infalling LSBGs and a quenched backsplash population around both host samples. More so, the relative prominence of the “blue cloud” feature implies that preprocessing is ongoing near the isolated hosts compared to the cluster environment where the LSBGs are already well processed.
The Stellar Bar–Dark Matter Halo Connection in the TNG50 Simulations
Authors: Ansar Sioree , Das Mousumi
Published: November 2024

Stellar bars in disk galaxies grow as stars in near-circular orbits lose angular momentum to their environments, including their dark matter (DM) halo, and transform into elongated bar orbits. This angular momentum exchange during galaxy evolution hints at a connection between bar properties and the DM halo spin λ, the dimensionless form of DM angular momentum. We investigate the connection between halo spin λ and galaxy properties in the presence/absence of stellar bars, using the cosmological magnetohydrodynamic TNG50 simulations at multiple redshifts (0 < z

r
< 1). We determine the bar strength (or bar amplitude, A
2/A
0), using Fourier decomposition of the face-on stellar density distribution. We determine the halo spin for barred and unbarred galaxies (0 < A
2/A
0 < 0.7) in the center of the DM halo, close to the galaxy’s stellar disk. At z

r
= 0, there is an anticorrelation between halo spin and bar strength. Strongly barred galaxies (A
2/A
0 > 0.4) reside in DM halos with low spin and low specific angular momentum at their centers. In contrast, unbarred/weakly barred galaxies (A
2/A
0 < 0.2) exist in halos with higher central spin and higher specific angular momentum. The anticorrelation is due to the barred galaxies’ higher DM mass and lower angular momentum than the unbarred galaxies at z

r
= 0, as a result of galaxy evolution. At high redshifts (z

r
= 1), all galaxies have higher halo spin compared to those at lower redshifts (z

r
= 0), with a weak anticorrelation for galaxies having A
2/A
0 > 0.2. The formation of DM bars in strongly barred systems highlights how angular momentum transfer to the halo can influence its central spin.
A Systematic Analysis of Star Cluster Disruption by Tidal Shocks. II. Predicting Star Cluster Dissolution Rates from a Time-series Analysis of Their Tidal Histories
Authors: Webb Jeremy J. , Reina-Campos Marta , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik
Published: November 2024

Most of the dynamical mass loss from star clusters is thought to be caused by the time variability of the tidal field (“tidal shocks”). Systematic studies of tidal shocks have been hampered by the fact that each tidal history is unique, implying both a reproducibility and a generalization problem. Here we address these issues by investigating how star cluster evolution depends on the statistical properties of its tidal history. We run a large suite of direct N-body simulations of clusters with tidal histories generated from power spectra of a given slope and with different normalizations, which determine the timescales and amplitudes of the shocks, respectively. At fixed normalization (i.e., the same median tidal field strength), the dissolution timescale is nearly independent of the power spectrum slope. However, the dispersion in dissolution timescales, obtained by repeating simulations for different realizations of statistically identical tidal histories, increases with the power spectrum slope. This result means that clusters experiencing high-frequency shocks have more similar mass-loss histories than clusters experiencing low-frequency shocks. The density–mass relationship of the simulated clusters follows a power law with slope between 1.08 and 1.45, except for the lowest normalizations (for which clusters effectively evolve in a static tidal field). Our findings suggest that star cluster evolution can be described statistically from a time-series analysis of its tidal history, which is an important simplification for describing the evolution of the star cluster population during galaxy formation and evolution.
Characterizing the Molecular Gas in Infrared Bright Galaxies with CARMA
Authors: Alatalo Katherine , Petric Andreea O. , Lanz Lauranne , Rowlands Kate , U Vivian , Larson Kirsten L. , Armus Lee , Barcos-Muñoz Loreto , Evans Aaron S. , Koda Jin , Luo Yuanze , Medling Anne M. , Nyland Kristina E. , Otter Justin A. , Patil Pallavi , Peñaloza Fernando , Salim Diane , Sanders David B. , Sazonova Elizaveta , Skarbinski Maya , Song Yiqing , Treister Ezequiel , Urry C. Meg
Published: November 2024

We present the CO(1–0) maps of 28 infrared-bright galaxies from the Great Observatories All-Sky Luminous Infrared Galaxy Survey (GOALS) taken with the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter Astronomy (CARMA). We detect 100 GHz continuum in 16 of the 28 CARMA GOALS galaxies, which trace both active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and compact star-forming cores. The GOALS galaxies show a variety of molecular gas morphologies, though in the majority of cases the average velocity fields show a gradient consistent with rotation. We fit the full continuum spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of each of the sources using either magphys or SED3FIT (if there are signs of an AGN) to derive the total stellar mass, dust mass, and SFRs of each object. We adopt a value determined from luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs and ULIRGs) of α
CO =

1.5

−
0.8

+
1.3

M
⊙ (K km s−1 pc2)−1, which leads to more physical values for f
mol and the gas-to-dust ratio. Mergers tend to have the highest gas-to-dust ratios. We assume the cospatiality of the molecular gas and star formation and plot the CARMA GOALS sample on the Schmidt–Kennicutt relation, where we find that they preferentially lie above the line set by normal star-forming galaxies. This hyper-efficiency is likely due to the increased turbulence in these systems, which decreases the freefall time compared to star-forming galaxies, leading to “enhanced” star formation efficiency. Line wings are present in a non-negligible subsample (11/28) of the CARMA GOALS sources and are likely due to outflows driven by AGNs or star formation, gas inflows, or additional decoupled gas components.
Accelerating Giant-impact Simulations with Machine Learning
Authors: Lammers Caleb , Cranmer Miles , Hadden Sam , Ho Shirley , Murray Norman , Tamayo Daniel
Published: November 2024

Constraining planet-formation models based on the observed exoplanet population requires generating large samples of synthetic planetary systems, which can be computationally prohibitive. A significant bottleneck is simulating the giant-impact phase, during which planetary embryos evolve gravitationally and combine to form planets, which may themselves experience later collisions. To accelerate giant-impact simulations, we present a machine learning (ML) approach to predicting collisional outcomes in multiplanet systems. Trained on more than 500,000 N-body simulations of three-planet systems, we develop an ML model that can accurately predict which two planets will experience a collision, along with the state of the postcollision planets, from a short integration of the system’s initial conditions. Our model greatly improves on non-ML baselines that rely on metrics from dynamics theory, which struggle to accurately predict which pair of planets will experience a collision. By combining with a model for predicting long-term stability, we create an ML-based giant-impact emulator, which can predict the outcomes of giant-impact simulations with reasonable accuracy and a speedup of up to 4 orders of magnitude. We expect our model to enable analyses that would not otherwise be computationally feasible. As such, we release our training code, along with an easy-to-use user interface for our collision-outcome model and giant-impact emulator (https://github.com/dtamayo/spock).
Fast Radio Bursts with Narrow Beaming Angles Can Escape from Magnetar Magnetospheres
Authors: Huang Yu-Chen , Dai Zi-Gao
Published: November 2024

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration transients observed in the radio band, with their origin and radiation mechanism remaining unclear to date. Growing evidence indicates that at least some FRBs originate from magnetars and are likely generated within the magnetospheres of these highly magnetized neutron stars. However, a recent study suggested that FRBs originating from magnetar magnetospheres would be scattered by magnetospheric electron–positron pair plasma, making it impossible for them to escape successfully. In this paper, we first demonstrate that the scattering effect can be greatly attenuated if the angle between the FRB propagation direction and the background magnetic field is ∼10−2 rad or smaller. When the angle is around 10−1 rad, the beaming effect of FRBs becomes significant in reducing scattering. Such FRBs have small transverse spatial sizes, which can help them instantly push the front plasma laterally out of the radiation region. This significantly mitigates the FRB-induced two-photon annihilation reaction, γ + γ → e
− + e
+, which was previously regarded as a key factor hindering the propagation of FRBs. A critical radiation-cone half-opening angle between 10−3 and 10−2 rad is found for an FRB with isotropic luminosity L
iso ∼ 1042 erg s−1 and emitted at a radius r
em ≲ 109 cm in the magnetosphere of a magnetar. Smaller beaming angles and larger emission radii can be more advantageous for the propagation of FRBs in magnetospheres. Our result supports the scenario that FRBs could originate from magnetar magnetospheres.
The Influence of Experimental Chronic Antenatal and Acute Postnatal Hypoxia on the Morphological State of the Liver Stromal Component
Authors: Zotova Alla B. , Khramova Tetyana O. , Sydorenko Ruslan V. , Sherstiuk Sergey O. , Panov Stanislav I.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: At present, the asymptomatic course of liver pathology in early childhood remains an urgent problem.
AIMS: The objective of the study was the detection of morphological features of the stromal component of the liver of rats, which were at different stages of postnatal ontogenesis and were exposed to chronic antenatal and acute postnatal hypoxia (APH).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study material was rat liver tissue of the control group, the APH group, and the chronic antenatal hypoxia (CAH) group.
RESULTS: From day 1 to day 35, CAH leads to an increase and growth of the stromal component in the liver of offsprings due to the development of sclerotic changes caused by activation of collagen formation with a predominance of mature collagen Type I over immature collagen Type III on day 1 and day 14 of the experiment and predominance of collagen Type III over collagen Type I on day 35 of the experiment, increasing the expression of fibronectin. Starting from day 14, APH leads to the development of sclerotic changes in this organ which increase to day 35, less pronounced compared to the detected sclerotic changes in CAH, and manifest in increased expression of fibronectin, activation of collagen formation with a predominance of collagen Type I over collagen Type III on days 14 and 35 of the experiment.
CONCLUSION: CAH from day 1 and APH from day 14 of postnatal life lead to the development of sclerotic changes in the liver of offsprings, which are more pronounced in cases of simulation of CAH and increase with age.
Malaise dans la culture inclusive
Authors: Ployé Alexandre
Published: November 2024

Cet article ambitionne de questionner le développement en France d’une politique éducative qui se déclare inclusive depuis 2009 par l’articulation d’une double approche. Il s’agit d’abord de situer l’inclusion scolaire dans l’empire actuel de la rationalité néolibérale (Dardot et Laval) et dans le développement d’une novlangue éducative et de ses fonctions dont elle est exemplaire. Ensuite, dans une approche clinique d’orientation psychanalytique, l’article s’attache à décrire comment l’identification des enseignants à la charge d’idéalité véhiculée par le signifiant inclusion est le support de la construction d’une position psychique que je qualifie d’oblative, entre plaisir, souffrance et jouissance.
De quelques effets subjectifs de la novlangue managériale appliquée au champ scolaire : Fanny, « la chargée de communication »
Authors: Frigout Stéphanie
Published: November 2024

Depuis quelques décennies, le modèle gestionnaire, porté par un discours managérial nourri d’euphémismes, de slogans et de signifiants a priori non subversifs – comme bienveillance ou confiance –, progresse dans les différentes sphères sociales ; l’institution École n’y échappe pas. Cet article vise à donner quelques éléments d’appréhension de cette novlangue managériale et à illustrer certains de ses effets subjectifs à partir de l’analyse d’un entretien clinique à visée de recherche mené auprès de Fanny, en reconversion pour devenir professeure des écoles après avoir été « chargée de communication ».
Le pervers narcissique : tentative de déconstruction clinique d’une figure archétypale bien contemporaine
Authors: Réveillé Benoist , Rousseau Vincent
Published: November 2024

Le pervers narcissique est partout : il a envahi nos écrans, notre imaginaire, et son évocation s’est banalisée dans la vie de tous les jours. Il est désormais cité à chaque fois que surgit un nouveau rapport de force – principalement dans le couple ou au travail. Entretien autour d’une figure devenue incontournable, entre réalités du vécu, légende urbaine contemporaine, concept psychopathologique défini et la question du soin.
Éros et la tendresse Freud et Ferenczi
Authors: Kamieniak Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2024

Avec cette découverte tardive que fait Ferenczi de la tendresse, laquelle fera florès dans les années ultérieures récentes, l’enfant terrible de la psychanalyse ne vint-il pas bouleverser, si ce n’est remettre en question, ce schibboleth de la science freudienne que constitue la pulsion sexuelle, aux origines de la vie et à l’œuvre dès le début ? On est en droit de le penser au regard des textes respectifs du fondateur et de son élève, restitués ici.
Scènes de la vie familiale – Les rituels familiaux
Authors: Fleurdorge Denis
Published: November 2024

D’une manière générale, l’institution familiale est fortement marquée par des formes de mise en représentation. Cela signifie qu’il existe des « pratiques particulières » qui sont révélatrices d’une volonté et d’une nécessité pour une structure familiale de se mettre en quelque sorte « en scène » – « scène de la vie familiale ». Ces « pratiques particulières », ce sont les rituels, ou dans un registre plus atténué, des expressions ritualisées. La famille a besoin de pratiques collectives regroupant une multitude d’acteurs familiaux ou extra-familiaux, reconnus ou rejetés comme tels, pour produire des formes singulières de sa sociabilité, voire aussi une certaine qualité de lien social.
Sur les traces d’une famille de fondeurs de la commune de Mont-Rolland au centre urbain dakarois : l’exemple de la famille Faye Seereer Ndut de 1950 à nos jours
Authors: Thioub Magueye
Published: November 2024

À partir du cas de la famille Faye, cet article retrace la trajectoire historique, socioculturelle et professionnelle des artisans fondeurs du Sénégal. L’artisanat de la fonderie d’aluminium a connu une forte expansion dans les années 1950 sous l’effet conjugué du rôle de la circulation des objets en aluminium dans le continent, l’installation des petites industries de production d’ustensiles ainsi que le déploiement de certaines familles forgeronnes et Seereer dans les espaces urbains de la capitale pour accroître leurs productions. C’est dans ce contexte que la famille Faye Seereer Ndut a quitté la communauté rurale de Mont-Rolland pour rejoindre Dakar. Cette recherche se base essentiellement sur des enquêtes réalisées auprès de fondeurs spécifiques, les Seereer Ndut dans l’ancien site de Colobane en 2014 et celui de Cawléen à Rufisque en 2021. L’histoire de cette famille permet d’analyser conjointement la dynamique de l’exode rural et la naissance de l’artisanat urbain dans la ville de Dakar. Les récits de vie de cette famille de fondeurs permettent de comprendre les motivations du déplacement de ce groupe social ainsi que leur insertion dans la sphère de l’artisanat urbain notamment dans la fonderie. Ils constituent ainsi une source pour étudier l’identité des artisans, leur origine sociale et leurs conditions de travail. Cet article s›inscrit également dans une démarche de sensibilisation sur les enjeux d’un patrimoine technique vivant, dans le sillage de la Convention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel (PCI).
Documenter les répercussions du génocide des Tutsi dans les familles par la réalisation d’arbres généalogiques
Authors: Blanco Domitille
Published: November 2024

La réalisation d’arbres généalogiques avec des rescapés du génocide des Tutsi vivant en France met en lumière les bouleversements dans les rapports et relations de parenté depuis 1994. À travers la mobilisation de leurs souvenirs et de leurs proches, nous constatons les diverses ruptures à l’œuvre (biographique, familiale, géographique) et leurs effets dans l’élaboration et la transmission de la mémoire.
La Réunion, Mayotte et Madagascar : la violence faite aux enfants et aux adolescents
Authors: Garan Frédéric , Fageol Pierre-Éric , Gauvin Gilles
Published: November 2024

Au-delà de la vision idyllique sur l’enfance qu’a pu véhiculer Paul et Virginie , les sociétés du sud-ouest de l’océan Indien ont été durablement marquées par l’esclavage et le système colonial dont il ressort des structures familiales éclatées, les enfants en étant les premières victimes, tant au niveau familial que dans les actions des institutions. Humoristiques ou documentaires, les bandes dessinées se font l’écho de la misère affective et financière, ainsi que des violences familiales et institutionnelles.
Ayako d’Osamu Tezuka ou l’enfance mise en cage
Authors: Perget Florent
Published: November 2024

Dans Ayako , Tezuka donne un exemple frappant d’enfance irrégulière : enfant incestueuse née de l’oppression d’un patriarche sur les membres de sa famille, la petite Ayako Tengé est condamnée lors d’un tribunal familial à vivre séquestrée. Le présent article se propose d’interroger la manière dont l’auteur met en case cette enfance illégitime, par l’étude du motif de l’enfermement et de son rôle sur la représentation de la séquestration ainsi que sur la construction diégétique du manga.
D’Eden à Monsieur Choc : la fabrique du chevalier maléfique
Authors: Chauvaud Frédéric
Published: November 2024

Inventé en 1955, le personnage de Monsieur Choc, reconnaissable à sa silhouette élégante et au heaume qu’il porte en permanence, dirige une société criminelle appelée la Main blanche. En 2014, Éric Maltaite et Stéphan Colman reprennent le personnage et tentent de montrer comment se fabrique un criminel. Ils retracent l’enfance et l’adolescence du personnage et restituent son passé douloureux : devenu orphelin, faussement accusé de vol, il est envoyé dans un centre de redressement à Blackwood. Combien d’épreuves une personne peut-elle connaître sans s’effondrer ?
Vagabondage et errance juvénile dans la bande dessinée
Authors: Yvorel Jean-Jacques
Published: November 2024

Du gamin de Paris du xix e siècle aux actuels MNA (pour mineurs non accompagnés), l’errance juvénile compte au nombre des problèmes sociaux qui suscitent maints dispositifs pénaux, juridiques ou socio-éducatifs. Quelles modalités d’errance ont été « mises en cases » et lesquelles ont été délaissées ? Pour évoquer les enfants sans domicile, la BD se tourne-t-elle vers la fiction ou vers la « bande dessinée du réel » ? Quel peut être l’apport de ce médium à la connaissance de l’histoire de ces enfants particulièrement silencieux ?