bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homologous repair deficiencies and current insights in clinical evaluation of PARP inhibitors in prostate cancer
Authors: Marhold Maximilian , Topakian Thaïs
Published: April 2020

Homologous repair deficiency is a clinically relevant molecular aberration in prostate cancer. The goal of this short review is to summarize the study landscape of treatments targeting these aberrations through discussion of the most relevant clinical trials. Due to its shortness, this review does not claim to be exhaustive and a major focus is being laid on PARP inhibitors in clinical development for prostate cancer.
Adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment of melanoma
Authors: Koelblinger Peter
Published: April 2020

For years, interferon alpha was the sole option in the adjuvant treatment of patients with completely resected melanoma with lymph node metastases and a high risk of disease recurrence, albeit being associated with a relatively low efficacy combined with significant toxicities. After the advent of immunotherapy and targeted therapy in locally advanced or metastatic melanoma at the beginning of the last decade, these therapeutic approaches have meanwhile also shown superior efficacy compared to previously used treatments or observation in the context of adjuvant therapy. Hence, adjuvant targeted or anti-PD1-antibody-based immunotherapy was incorporated into routine clinical practice to reduce the risk of tumor recurrence in affected patients in early 2018. Moreover, modern melanoma therapies are increasingly being investigated in a neoadjuvant setting in analogy to other solid malignancies. Considering the promising results reported so far, neoadjuvant immunotherapy might potentially become the treatment of choice in high-risk melanoma patients with macrometastatic disease in the near future.
The Efficacy of Cladribine (2-CdA) in Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis
Authors: Helbig Grzegorz , Koclęga Anna , Gaweł Władysław B. , Włodarczyk Martyna , Rodzaj Marek , Łabędź Anna , Hus Iwona , Raźny Małgorzata
Published: April 2020

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a rare clonal disorder with multi-organ involvements and shortened life expectancy. To date, no curative treatment for SM exists. Cladribine (2-CdA) is a purine analogue showing activity against neoplastic mast cells and its use was found to be effective in some patients with SM. Nine patients (six males and three females) with advanced SM at median age of 63 years (range 33–67) who received at least one course of 2-CdA were included in a retrospective analysis. Study patients were classified as having aggressive SM (ASM;n = 7) and SM with an associated hematological neoplasm (SM-AHN;n = 2). The “C” findings were as follows: (1) absolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 1 × 109/l (n = 1) and/or hemoglobin level < 10 g/dl (n = 4) and/or platelet count < 100 × 109/l (n = 4); (2) hepatomegaly with ascites (n = 4); (3) skeletal involvement (n = 2); (4) palpable splenomegaly with hypersplenism (n = 3) and (5) malabsorption with weight loss (n = 5). Treatment consisted of 2-CdA at dose 0.14 mg/kg/day intravenously over a 2-h infusion for 5 consecutive days. Median dose per cycle was 45 mg (range 35–60). Median number of cycles was 6 (range 1–7). Overall response rate (ORR) was 66% (6/9 pts) including three partial responses and three clinical improvements. ORR was 100% and 66% for SM-AHN and ASM, respectively. Median duration of response was 1.98 years (range 0.2–11.2). At the last contact, five patients died, four have little disease activity, but remain treatment- free. 2-CdA seems to be beneficial in some patients with SM, however the response is incomplete.
Small satellite TT&C allocations below 1 GHz: outcome of ITU WRC-19
Authors: von der Ohe Martin
Published: April 2020

As hundreds of new small satellites are being launched each year, the RF spectrum for satellite communication becomes increasingly occupied. The International Telecommunication Union recognized this problem at World Radiocommunication Conference 2015 (WRC-15) and invited study groups to investigate the utilization of frequency allocations. The studies followed a three-step approach: first, the TT&C spectrum requirements of small satellites, being a new class of satellites, were assessed. Second, the utilization of existing TT&C frequency allocations and their potential to incorporate the future number of satellites was studied. Third, the study groups investigated new potential TT&C frequency allocations in the frequency ranges 150.05–174 MHz and 400.15–420 MHz. The studies were completed for WRC-19. This paper presents the results of the study groups. A study of the spectrum requirements of small satellites has been completed. The required spectrum for TT&C was estimated to be less than 2.5 MHz for downlink and less than 1 MHz for uplink. Consequently, the study groups conducted sharing studies in various bands which yield that no new allocations are suitable for small satellite TT&C on a co-channel sharing basis. However, regulatory measures are proposed that in the study groups’ view will satisfy the small satellite developers’ needs. The paper will summarize the regulatory measures taken after WRC-19 along with a personal appraisal of the author.
Food from 458 m2—calculation for a sustainable, circular, and local land-based and landless food production system
Authors: Rahmann Gerold , Grimm Daniel
Published: April 2020

Four hundred fifty-eight meter square is the available cropland per person throughout Africa, if the population will increase 4 to 5 times towards 4.3 to 5.9 billion people in 2100, the maximum estimation of the UN 2019 (95% confidence interval). This space is not enough for food sovereignty, if the low African yields remain. Even with the global average yields, nearly 3 times higher than African yields, will not allow food sovereignty. Hunger, wars, diseases, and mass migration can be the consequences already long time before 2100. Nevertheless, food sovereignty is possible, but not in the way as it is done up to today by governments and development projects. In the future, intensification of (yields) and/or expansion (grassland, forest: LULUCF) of agriculture will not be able to produce enough, nutritious, and affordable food for everyone. But clever combining of land-based and landless food production can be a solution for a local, sustainable, and circular food security. Maize and soybeans are best for WFP minimum diets and have the best yields. Using insects and earthworms as protein source can deliver enough and nutritious protein, and local photoreactors can produce oil/and/or starch for food energy. Later can be large industrial and very small household scaled. This “out-of-the-box” system approach needs research and development. Every good research needs good questions and a concept with some simple calculations to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Socio-economic aspects are often not considered enough in technical focused and far ahead R&D.
Dominant physical mechanisms governing the forced-convective cooling process of white mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)
Authors: Salamat Razieh , Ghassemzadeh Hamid Reza , Ranjbar Seyed Faramarz , Mellmann Jochen , Behfar Hossein
Published: April 2020

Nowadays, numerical modelling has been extensively converted to a powerful instrument in most agricultural engineering applications. In this study, a mathematical model was developed to simulate the forced-air cooling process of mushroom. The simulation was performed in CFD code Fluent 19.2 and the conservative mass, momentum and energy equations were solved within the package. The accuracy of the model was then quantitatively validated against experimental data and very good agreement was achieved ($$Root{-}Mean{-}Square Error\, \left( {RMSE} \right) \simeq 3.8 \%$$

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Use of natural bio-sorbent in removing dye, heavy metal and antibiotic-resistant bacteria from industrial wastewater
Authors: Ahmed Sunzid , Aktar Salma , Zaman Sharmin , Jahan Rumana Akther , Bari Md. Latiful
Published: April 2020

In this study, we evaluated the ability of waste shell powder (WSP) and moringa seed powder (MSP) individually or in combination to eliminate dye, heavy metal and resistant bacteria from the industrial wastewater (IWW). The presence of dyes, heavy metals, approximately 7.0 log CFU/ml of aerobic bacteria and 3.0–4.0 log CFU/ml of other pathogens including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia liquefaciens and Bacillus cereus was evident in IWW of both tannery and textile industries. In addition, depending on the type of bacterial species each bacterium was resistant to as high as 50 ppm of multi-metal (Cr6+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ or its combination) and even multi-drug resistant (amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefixime, ceftazidime, and tazobactam). Combined use of MSP (0.8 gm/100 ml IWW) and WSP (0.2 gm/100 ml IWW) treatment was able to discolor the IWW within 4 h and took 24 h to eliminate heavy metals and pathogenic bacteria to non-detectable level from the IWW, simultaneously. On the other hand, individual use of MSP or WSP was not found effective enough to remove or eliminate dye, heavy metal and bacteria simultaneously from the IWW. Similar experimental results were observed in the challenge test with laboratory-prepared effluent water containing 35.0 ppm Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye and maximum 50 ppm Cr6+. Thus, the combination of these two bio-sorbents could be applicable in IWW treatment before being discharged into the environment.
Enhancing the spontaneous imbibition process using biosurfactants produced from bacteria isolated from Al-Rafidiya oil field for improved oil recovery
Authors: Hamzah Asaad Faraj , Al-Mossawy Mohammed Idrees , Al-Tamimi Wijdan Hussein , Al-Najm Fahad M. , Hameed Zainab Mohsen
Published: April 2020

Among 64 bacterial strains isolated in this study, the best two of biosurfactant-producing bacteria were selected and identified based on the phenotypic properties and molecular approach based on 16S rRNA having 100% similarity to the gram-negative Enterobacter aerogenes B19 strain bacteria and rode gram-positive strain Bacillus cereus ISU-02 in the Nucleotide database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The study showed that two selected isolates gave the highest positive results that were used to investigate the biosurfactant production including: interfacial reduction, foaming activity, hemolytic activity, CTAB agar plate, drop collapse assay, oil displacement test and emulsification index E24%. Both Bacillus cereus ISU-02 strain and Enterobacter aerogenes B19 strain have reduced the interfacial tension to 27.61 and 28.93, respectively. Biosurfactants produced from both isolates were tested for oil recovery using spontaneous imbibition process. Bacillus cereus ISU-02 strain gave the highest oil recovery of 66.9% for rock permeability of 843 mD, followed by Enterobacter aerogenes B19 strain with oil recovery of 34% for rock permeability 197 mD, while the lowest rate of oil recovery was 12.1% for FW with permeability of 770 mD. An additional oil rate reached to 7.9% has been recovered from the residual oil when the core plug that was treated with formation water alone was retreated with the cell free biosurfactant supernatant. Use of the new biosurfactants has improved oil recovery better than use of formation water alone or formation water with the commercial surfactant SDS.
Partial Synthesis of Crassicauline A from Yunaconitine
Authors: Zhang Rong-Ping , Lin Yan-Jun , Yu Hao-Fei , Chen Si-Ying , Zhou Jun
Published: April 2020

Both Aconitum hemsleyanum and Aconitum geniculatun have abundant contents of yunaconitine (1). Yunaconitine (1) has similar skeleton to crassicauline A (3); the only difference between them is that 1 contains a α-hydroxyl group at C-3. Our team attempts to convert 1 into 3 because 3 owns pharmacological activity. There are two steps to achieve the transformation above: firstly, use dehydration reaction to transform yunaconitine (1) into dehydroyunaconitine (2); secondly, use hydrogen reduction to acquire crassicauline A (3). Compared with other methods, this one below is more suitable for production application and more concise; moreover, the cost is lower with higher yield.

Graphic Abstract
“What is a Sociologist Doing Here?” An Unconventional People-Centered Approach to Improve Warning Implementation in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
Authors: Marchezini Victor
Published: April 2020

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 recommends several actions for early warning systems (EWSs). However, there is a lack of information about their means of implementation. This article used institutional ethnography to analyze the 2012–2018 implementation of a national warning system in Brazil. The challenges related to daily activities, and the interdisciplinary works in the four axes of EWSs towards multi-hazard and people-centered approaches are discussed. This national experience is then discussed in the light of the global challenges of EWSs considering two main issues: (1) experiences of implementation and barriers related to people-centered warning systems; and (2) types of national/regional warning systems and hazards/threats that are being monitored as an important input for multi-hazard approaches. There are few multi-hazard warning systems in place and EWSs are focused on hydrometeorological hazards, mainly related to floods. The Sendai Framework needs to improve access to data and information, identify views from the frontline, consider political threats and vulnerabilities, and find ways to talk about disaster risk creation processes at a larger scale.
The Edited Collection
Authors: Webster Peter
Published: April 2020

Edited collections are widely supposed to contain lesser work than scholarly journals; to be incoherent as volumes, no more than the sum of their parts; and to be less visible to potential readers once published. It is also often taken as axiomatic that those who make decisions in relation to hiring, promotion, tenure, and funding do so agree. To publish in or edit an essay collection is thought to risk being penalised for the format before even a word is read. After examining the origins of this critique, this Element explores the modern history of the edited collection and the particular roles it has played. It examines each component part of the critique, showing that they are either largely unfounded or susceptible of solution. It proposes the edited collection as a model of one possible idea of scholarly community: collaboration, trust, and mutual obligation in pursuit of a wider good.
Association between cognitive phenotype in unaffected siblings and prospective 3- and 6-year clinical outcome in their proband affected by psychosis
Authors: Burger Thijs J. , Schirmbeck Frederike , Vermeulen Jentien M. , Quee Piotr J. , de Koning Mariken B. , Bruggeman Richard , de Haan Lieuwe ,   GROUP investigator
Published: April 2020

Background

Cognitive alterations are a central and heterogeneous trait in psychotic disorders, driven by environmental, familial and illness-related factors. In this study, we aimed to prospectively investigate the impact of high familial risk for cognitive alterations, unconfounded by illness-related factors, on symptomatic outcomes in patients.

Methods

In total, 629 probands with non-affective psychosis and their sibling not affected by psychosis were assessed at baseline, 3- and 6-year follow-up. Familial cognitive risk was modeled by three cognitive subtypes (‘normal’, ‘mixed’ and ‘impaired’) in the unaffected siblings. Generalized linear mixed models assessed multi-cross-sectional associations between the sibling cognitive subtype and repeated measures of proband symptoms across all assessments. Between-group differences over time were assessed by adding an interaction effect of time and sibling cognitive subtype.

Results

Probands affected by psychosis with a sibling of the impaired cognitive subtype were less likely to be in symptomatic remission and showed more disorganization across all time points. When assessing differences over time, probands of siblings with the impaired cognitive subtype showed less remission and less improvement of disorganization after 3 and 6 years relative to the other subtypes. They also showed less reduction of positive, negative and excitement symptoms at 6-year follow-up compared to probands with a sibling of the normal cognitive subtype.

Conclusions

Cross-sibling pathways from higher levels of familial cognitive vulnerability to worse long-term outcomes may be informative in identifying cognition-related environmental and genetic risks that impact psychotic illness heterogeneity over time.
Ex ante coherence shifts
Authors: Simon Dan , Holyoak Keith J.
Published: April 2020

Cushman characterizes rationalization as the inverse of rational reasoning, but this distinction is psychologically questionable. Coherence-based reasoning highlights a subtler form of bidirectionality: By distorting task attributes to make one course of action appear superior to its rivals, a patina of rationality is bestowed on the choice. This mechanism drives choice and action, rather than just following in their wake.
Rationalizations primarily serve reputation management, not decision making
Authors: Altay Sacha , Mercier Hugo
Published: April 2020

We agree with Cushman that rationalizations are the product of biological adaptations, but we disagree about their function. The data available do not show that rationalizations allow us to reason better and make better decisions. The data suggest instead that rationalizations serve reputation management goals, and that they affect our behaviors because we are held accountable by our peers.
Means and ends of habitual action
Authors: Berthelette Samantha , Kalbach Christopher
Published: April 2020

Cushman claims that post hoc rationalization of habitual behavior can improve future reasoning. His characterization of habits includes two components: (1) habitual behavior is a non-rational process, and (2) habitual behavior is sometimes rationalized. We argue that Cushman fails to show any habits that are apt targets for rationalization. Thus, it's unclear when – if ever – rationalizing habits would improve reasoning.
Rationalization and the status of folk psychology
Authors: Roskies Adina L.
Published: April 2020

Cushman's theory has implications for the philosophical debate about the nature of folk psychological states, for it entails realism about propositional attitudes. I point out a tension within his view and suggest a different view upon which rationalization emerges as a consequence of the adaptiveness of mentalizing. This alternative avoids the strong metaphysical implications of Cushman's theory.
The rationale of rationalization
Authors: Veit Walter , Dewhurst Joe , Dołęga Krzysztof , Jones Max , Stanley Shaun , Frankish Keith , Dennett Daniel C.
Published: April 2020

While we agree in broad strokes with the characterisation of rationalization as a “useful fiction,” we think that Fiery Cushman's claim remains ambiguous in two crucial respects: (1) the reality of beliefs and desires, that is, the fictional status of folk-psychological entities and (2) the degree to which they should be understood as useful. Our aim is to clarify both points and explicate the rationale of rationalization.
Letting rationalizations out of the box
Authors: Pärnamets Philip , Johansson Petter , Hall Lars
Published: April 2020

We are very happy that someone has finally tried to make sense of rationalization. But we are worried about the representational structure assumed by Cushman, particularly the “boxology” belief-desire model depicting the rational planner, and it seems to us he fails to accommodate many of the interpersonal aspects of representational exchange.
Belief as a non-epistemic adaptive benefit
Authors: Gelpi Rebekah , Cunningham William Andrew , Buchsbaum Daphna
Published: April 2020

Although rationalization about one's own beliefs and actions can improve an individual's future decisions, beliefs can provide other benefits unrelated to their epistemic truth value, such as group cohesion and identity. A model of resource-rational cognition that accounts for these benefits may explain unexpected and seemingly irrational thought patterns, such as belief polarization.
Rationalization is irrational and self-serving, but useful
Authors: Quilty-Dunn Jake
Published: April 2020

Rationalization through reduction of cognitive dissonance does not have the function of representational exchange. Instead, cognitive dissonance is part of the “psychological immune system” (Gilbert 2006; Mandelbaum 2019) and functions to protect the self-concept against evidence of incompetence, immorality, and instability. The irrational forms of attitude change that protect the self-concept in dissonance reduction are useful primarily for maintaining motivation.
Rationalization and self-sabotage
Authors: D'Cruz Jason
Published: April 2020

In making the case that “rationalization is rational,” Cushman downplays its signature liability: Rationalization exposes a person to the hazard of delusion and self-sabotage. In paradigm cases, rationalization undermines instrumental rationality by introducing inaccuracies into the representational map required for planning and effective agency.
Ideology, shared moral narratives, and the dark side of collective rationalization
Authors: Graham Jesse
Published: April 2020

This commentary extends the target article's useful concepts to consider collective instances of representational exchange. When groups collectively rationalize their actions, entire networks of beliefs and desires can be created and maintained in the form of shared moral narratives and system-justifying ideologies. These collective rationalization cases illustrate how adaptive advantages can come at the expense of the truth.
Rationalization may improve predictability rather than accuracy
Authors: Kyle Stanford P. , Thomas Ashley J. , Sarnecka Barbara W.
Published: April 2020

We present a theoretical and an empirical challenge to Cushman's claim that rationalization is adaptive because it allows humans to extract more accurate beliefs from our non-rational motivations for behavior. Rationalization sometimes generates more adaptive decisions by making our beliefs about the world less accurate. We suggest that the most important adaptive advantage of rationalization is instead that it increases our predictability (and therefore attractiveness) as potential partners in cooperative social interactions.
The role of subjective age in sustaining wellbeing and health in the second half of life
Authors: Veenstra Marijke , Daatland Svein Olav , Aartsen Marja
Published: April 2020

Subjective age (SA) is a core indicator of the individual ageing experience, with important consequences for successful ageing. The aim of the current study was to investigate the directions of the longitudinal associations between domains of SA and subjective wellbeing and physical functioning in the second half of life. We used three-wave survey data (2002, 2007 and 2017) spanning 15 years from the Norwegian Lifecourse, Ageing and Generation Study, including 6,292 persons born between 1922 and 1961. SA was measured with felt-age and ideal-age discrepancies, wellbeing with the Satisfaction of Life Scale and physical functioning with the Short-Form 12. Three-wave cross-lagged panel models were applied to assess the temporal relationships between the different domains of SA, life satisfaction and physical functioning, adjusted for age, gender and education. Findings indicated that wanting to be younger was negatively associated with life satisfaction and physical functioning over time. Felt-age discrepancies did not predict subsequent wellbeing or physical functioning. The results did not reveal any evidence for reversed effects, i.e. from functioning or life satisfaction to SA. Our findings support the psychological pathway from satisfaction with age(ing) to subjective wellbeing and physical functioning over time. Small ideal-age discrepancies reflect positive self-perceptions of ageing, which may help to accumulate psychological resources, guide behavioural regulation and support health.
YOUNG LEARNERS’ PROCESSING OF MULTIMODAL INPUT AND ITS IMPACT ON READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Pellicer-Sánchez Ana , Tragant Elsa , Conklin Kathy , Rodgers Michael , Serrano Raquel , Llanes Ángels
Published: April 2020

Theories of multimedia learning suggest that learners can form better referential connections when verbal and visual materials are presented simultaneously. Furthermore, the addition of auditory input in reading-while-listening conditions benefits performance on a variety of linguistic tasks. However, little research has been conducted on the processing of multimedia input (written text and images) with and without accompanying audio. Eye movements were recorded during young L2 learners’ (N = 30) processing of a multimedia story text in reading-only and reading-while-listening conditions to investigate looking patterns and their relationship with comprehension using a multiple-choice comprehension test. Analysis of the eye-movement data showed that the presence of audio in reading-while-listening conditions allowed learners to look at the image more often. Processing time on text was related to lower levels of comprehension, whereas processing time on images was positively related to comprehension.
How to use and how not to use certified reference materials in industrial chemical metrology laboratories
Authors: Sieber John R.
Published: April 2020

As a producer of certified reference materials (CRMs), NIST faces high demand for Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). The demand is exacerbated by widespread misuse of CRMs. When should one use CRMs? When should one not use CRMs? Must labs always use NIST SRMs? How can labs demonstrate analytical capabilities for their accreditation scopes? Why so many questions? Standards developers, laboratory accreditors, and laboratory staff must be able to understand these topics with respect to quality systems in compliance with ISO/IEC 17025. They must calibrate and validate test methods and document traceability to the International System of Units (SI). Many people working in laboratory accreditation and under the umbrella of a quality system do not fully understand what these things are, let alone the language of chemical metrology. On average, they have little training in analytical chemistry, elemental analysis, and reference material development. It is hoped this paper will impress upon the reader the need for understanding how CRMs can be best used in the laboratory. This paper provides a brief background on the above problems and then looks at some of the support and reference information provided by NIST to metals and mining industries labs, commercial CRM producers, and accrediting bodies. The concepts and guidance apply broadly to chemical metrology and fundamental analytical chemistry. The paper includes examples (some from X-ray fluorescence spectrometry) to illustrate concepts.
Changement linguistique et périodisation du français (pré)classique: deux études de cas à partir des corpus du RCFC
Authors: Amatuzzi Antonella , Ayres-Bennett Wendy , Gerstenberg Annette , Schøsler Lene , Skupien-Dekens Carine
Published: April 2020

Cette étude propose d’explorer et d’identifier des moments particuliers où le changement linguistique se produit, afin de confirmer ou de rejeter l’idée d’une période spécifique désignée par le terme « français préclassique », avec une rupture – ou frontière chronolectale – détectable autour de 1630 (cf. Ayres-Bennett et Caron, 2016). Afin de vérifier dans quelle mesure cette chronologie peut être confirmée, il est nécessaire de multiplier des analyses fines et pointues sur des traits linguistiques qui ont subi des changements à l’époque en question et d’interroger une gamme de textes qui reflètent la variation discursive et pragmatique, au lieu de consulter le canon des traditions textuelles actuellement disponibles sur des bases numérisées, qui sont essentiellement littéraires. C’est pourquoi nous avons consulté des sources de nature différente, qui pourraient attester des usages émergents, à savoir les corpus du Réseau Corpus Français Préclassique et Classique (RCFC). Seront présentés les résultats de deux études de cas (la recatégorisation des formesdedans/dessous/dessus/dehorset la montée des clitiques), abondamment discutés par les remarqueurs.
3D advanced imaging overlay with rapid registration in CHD to reduce radiation and assist cardiac catheterisation interventions
Authors: Arar Yousef , Reddy Surendranath R. Veeram , Kim Heidi , Dimas V. Vivian , Zellers Thomas M. , Abou Zahr Riad , Vamsee Ravi , Greer Joshua S. , Tandon Animesh , Pontiki Antonia , Dillenbeck Jeanne , Zabala Luis , Greil Gerald , Nugent Alan W. , Hussain Tarique
Published: April 2020

Novel commercially available software has enabled registration of both CT and MRI images to rapidly fuse with X-ray fluoroscopic imaging. We describe our initial experience performing cardiac catheterisations with the guidance of 3D imaging overlay using the VesselNavigator system (Philips Healthcare, Best, NL). A total of 33 patients with CHD were included in our study. Demographic, advanced imaging, and catheterisation data were collected between 1 December, 2016 and 31 January, 2019. We report successful use of this technology in both diagnostic and interventional cases such as placing stents and percutaneous valves, performing angioplasties, occlusion of collaterals, and guidance for lymphatic interventions. In addition, radiation exposure was markedly decreased when comparing our 10–15-year-old coarctation of the aorta stent angioplasty cohort to cases without the use of overlay technology and the most recently published national radiation dose benchmarks. No complications were encountered due to the application of overlay technology. 3D CT or MRI overlay for CHD intervention with rapid registration is feasible and aids decisions regarding access and planned angiographic angles. Operators found intraprocedural overlay fusion registration using placed vessel guidewires to be more accurate than attempts using bony structures.
How Trade-Restrictive Is Standardized Packaging? Economic and Legal Implications of the WTO Panel Reports in Australia–Tobacco Plain Packaging
Authors: Buzard Kristy , Voon Tania
Published: April 2020

The lengthy and long-awaited WTO Panel Reports in Australia–Tobacco Plain Packaging contain a host of material for reflection, particularly in relation to the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. While two of the Panel Reports proceed to appeal, we consider with respect to the two adopted Panel Reports the Panel's reasoning in relation to Article 2.2 of the TBT, focusing on the meaning of trade-restrictiveness. This concept central to WTO law has been under-examined to date, and these Panel Reports demonstrate some of the complexities in identifying trade-restrictive measures, particularly where they are non-discriminatory. The Panel found that Australia's measures restrict trade because they contribute to their objective of reducing tobacco consumption. Therefore, any equally effective alternative will similarly restrict trade. This curious result under TBT Article 2.2 may be particular to non-discriminatory measures that target ‘socially bad’ products such as tobacco.
Interdependence in Mediated Intergroup Contact
Authors: Dale Katherine R. , Moyer-Gusé Emily
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Mediated intergroup contact and extended contact hypothesis research shows that observing a positive intergroup interaction can result in improved attitudes toward the outgroup. This experiment tested the common ingroup identity model and how the creation of a superordinate identity among characters in a television narrative influences viewers’ willingness to interact with outgroup members and attitudes toward the outgroup. Results reveal that self-efficacy, anxiety, and inclusion of the outgroup in the self mediated the relationship between exposure to narratives featuring intergroup interdependence and both positive attitudes toward and greater willingness to interact with the outgroup. That is, participants who watched a narrative featuring high levels of intergroup teamwork reported increased feelings of self-efficacy when considering future outgroup interactions, which was associated with lower levels of outgroup anxiety. Lower levels of anxiety were then associated with increased inclusion of the outgroup in the self, which was ultimately associated with more positive attitudes toward and greater willingness to interact with the outgroup. These results suggest that, even when comparing the effects of two narratives that portray an identical, positive outcome, positive effects on attitudes toward and willingness to interact with outgroup members are stronger when ingroup and outgroup members display interdependence. This research represents a step toward understanding the ways that the common ingroup identity model might help explain the extended contact hypothesis and the mechanisms by which narratives can affect attitudes toward and willingness to interact with outgroup members.
Abnormality in News Stories
Authors: Kim Soohee , Oh Catherine Suyoun
Published: April 2020

Abstract. What makes people show emotional responses toward victims of social injustice in news stories? What are the behavioral consequences of these emotions? Using an online experiment, this study examined the effects of abnormality perception on how people make cognitive and affective assessments of a negative social event. We found that content abnormality (i.e., an unusual/unexpected event) perceived in news stories leads people to attribute less responsibility to the victim and experience stronger emotional responses (i.e., anger and sadness). This in turn increases the desire for a stronger punishment toward the perpetrator. Syntactic abnormality (i.e., negation) indirectly influenced punitive judgment by increasing the responsibility attributed to the offender. The use of negation as the dominant sentence structure (syntactic abnormality) reduced prosocial intentions, but only when the news story was depicted as an abnormal occurrence (content abnormality). These findings illuminate the interconnections between abnormality perception, emotion, and judgment.
Direct Surface Wave Radial Anisotropy Tomography in the Crust of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis
Authors: Hu Shaoqian , Yao Huajian , Huang Hui
Published: April 2020

A novel method is implemented to invert Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion curves of all paths jointly for 3‐D shear wave velocity and radial anisotropy simultaneously without intermediate steps. We use the method to derive high‐precision crustal shear wave velocity and radial anisotropy models around the eastern Himalayan syntaxis using ambient noise dispersion data (5–40 s). Results show that the crust can be divided into several subregions with different rigidity and preferred mineral alignment orientation depth‐dependently. In the middle crust, combined with other geophysical observations, 3‐D geometry of two continuous branches of eastward channelized weak zones is outlined in detail. Both branches of the weak zone are blocked by the high velocity zone with radial anisotropy of Vsh>Vsv at around 96–97°E. In the upper crust, the radial anisotropy model depicts a complex pattern, which is associated with the ongoing surface uplifting and shear strain rate distribution.
A Sequentially Coupled Catchment‐Scale Numerical Model for Snowmelt‐Induced Soil Slope Instabilities
Authors: Siva Subramanian S. , Fan X. , Yunus A. P. , van Asch T. , Scaringi G. , Xu Q. , Dai L. , Ishikawa T. , Huang R.
Published: April 2020

The frequency of snowmelt‐induced soil slope instabilities is increasing in some seasonally cold regions because of climate change. Reliable hazard assessment and risk mitigation of snowmelt‐induced landslides require physically‐based prediction models. However, existing models either apply only at the slope scale or assume precipitation as the sole landslide trigger. In doing so, they neglect the complexity and coupled nature of the thermo‐hydro‐mechanical processes leading to slope instability in seasonally cold regions (such as snow accumulation and melting, infiltration and surface runoff, soil saturation, pore water pressure buildup and dissipation). Here, we present a spatially distributed and sequentially coupled numerical model to simulate snowmelt‐induced slope instabilities at the catchment scale. The model accounts for temperature‐dependent changes in the soil hydraulic behavior related to changes in water state by means of a routine implemented in a geographic information system. We verified the performance of the model using a case study of spring snowmelt‐induced soil slope failures that occurred after the 2004 Mid‐Niigata earthquake in Japan. Considering limitations and simplifications, the model was able to predict the triggering condition, magnitude, and spatial distribution of the snowmelt‐induced landslides with a satisfactory degree of accuracy. We believe that the robustness and simplicity of our numerical approach make it suitable for implementation in early warning systems.
An Alternative BEM for Simulating the Flow Behavior of a Leaky Confined Fractured Aquifer With the Use of the Semianalytical Approach
Authors: Luo Wanjing , Wang Junlei , Wang Lei , Zhou Yingfang
Published: April 2020

This study developed an alternative boundary element method (BEM) to simulate the transient flow behavior of groundwater induced by well extraction in a confined fractured aquifer containing a network of discrete or connected fractures. The matrix flow, network‐fracture flow, and matrix‐fracture fluid exchange were considered. The aquifer was treated as a heterogeneous whole that consisted of fracture and matrix blocks with locally homogeneous hydraulic properties. The fractures were explicitly represented to be of true finite volume rather than nonrepresentational line sources. A semianalytical solution was developed based on the theory of a BEM in the Laplace transform domain, but the analytical Green's function was used for the bounded domain rather than the free‐space Green's function in a conventional BEM. Case studies were presented in order to investigate the flow exchange behavior between the matrix and fractures and the corresponding transient drawdown response. The results showed that (1) exchange flux distribution calculated with the classical infinitesimal fracture model was consistent with the difference of the normal drawdown derivative values on both sides of the fracture body in our model. (2) When the well was in the matrix, the fractures acted as both highly conductive conduits and leaky faults, and the drawdown derivative behaviors resembled the characteristics of a dual‐porosity reservoir model. (3) When the well was in the network fracture and when the volume of fracture was of the same order of magnitude as the matrix, the drawdown derivative might exhibit the look‐alike behavior of a dual‐porosity model.
Metastability and Nondislocation‐Based Deformation Mechanisms of the Flem Eclogite in the Western Gneiss Region, Norway
Authors: Cao Yi , Du Jinxue , Park Munjae , Jung Sejin , Park Yong , Kim Dohyun , Choi Seungsoon , Jung Haemyeong , Austrheim Håkon
Published: April 2020

The eclogite in the Flem Gabbro from Flemsøya Island of the Western Gneiss Region in Norway contains atypical eclogitic minerals, such as olivine and orthopyroxene, and can be texturally divided into weakly deformed massive eclogite (MEC) and strongly deformed foliated eclogite (FEC). Based on phase equilibria modeling, peak metamorphic pressure‐temperature conditions of ~600–750 °C and ~1.0–2.5 GPa and ~700–820 °C and ~2.7–3.7 GPa are recorded in MEC and FEC, respectively. These different pressure‐temperature conditions between MEC (high‐pressure, HP) and FEC (ultrahigh‐pressure, UHP) in the same outcrop reflect deformation‐enhanced eclogitization metamorphism (HP to UHP transition) via the addition of external water during subduction/burial to early exhumation stages and metastable preservation of the HP MEC assemblage at UHP condition due to the local lack of deformation and fluid access at the deep subduction interface or around Moho beneath continental collision zone. Based on the mineral microstructures, nondislocation‐based creep mechanisms—such as diffusion creep, grain and phase boundary sliding, and rigid‐body‐like rotation—play dominant roles in governing the deformation features of FEC and developing the crystal preferred orientations of its major constituent minerals. These deformation mechanisms could considerably affect the interplate coupling at the subduction interface or the rheological strength of Moho beneath continental collision zones. Therefore, the effects of metastability‐based (i.e., preservation of low‐pressure assemblages at HP conditions) and contributions of nondislocation‐based creep mechanisms should be included in the future geodynamic and petrological simulations of subduction and collision processes.
Allosteric regulation accompanied by oligomeric state changes of Trypanosoma brucei GMP reductase through cystathionine-β-synthase domain
Authors: Imamura Akira , Okada Tetsuya , Mase Hikaru , Otani Takuya , Kobayashi Tomoka , Tamura Manatsu , Kubata Bruno Kilunga , Inoue Katsuaki , Rambo Robert P. , Uchiyama Susumu , Ishii Kentaro , Nishimura Shigenori , Inui Takashi
Published: April 2020

Guanosine 5′-monophosphate reductase (GMPR) is involved in the purine salvage pathway and is conserved throughout evolution. Nonetheless, the GMPR of Trypanosoma brucei (TbGMPR) includes a unique structure known as the cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) domain, though the role of this domain is not fully understood. Here, we show that guanine and adenine nucleotides exert positive and negative effects, respectively, on TbGMPR activity by binding allosterically to the CBS domain. The present structural analyses revealed that TbGMPR forms an octamer that shows a transition between relaxed and twisted conformations in the absence and presence of guanine nucleotides, respectively, whereas the TbGMPR octamer dissociates into two tetramers when ATP is available instead of guanine nucleotides. These findings demonstrate that the CBS domain plays a key role in the allosteric regulation of TbGMPR by facilitating the transition of its oligomeric state depending on ligand nucleotide availability.
Brain insulin sensitivity is linked to adiposity and body fat distribution
Authors: Kullmann Stephanie , Valenta Vera , Wagner Robert , Tschritter Otto , Machann Jürgen , Häring Hans-Ulrich , Preissl Hubert , Fritsche Andreas , Heni Martin
Published: April 2020

Brain insulin action regulates eating behavior and energy fluxes throughout the body. However, numerous people are brain insulin resistant. How brain insulin responsiveness affects long-term weight and body fat composition in humans is still unknown. Here we show that high brain insulin sensitivity before lifestyle intervention associates with a more pronounced reduction in total and visceral fat during the program. High brain insulin sensitivity is also associated with less regain of fat mass during a nine year follow-up. Cross-sectionally, strong insulin responsiveness of the hypothalamus associates with less visceral fat, while subcutaneous fat is unrelated. Our results demonstrate that high brain insulin sensitivity is linked to weight loss during lifestyle intervention and associates with a favorable body fat distribution. Since visceral fat is strongly linked to diabetes, cardiovascular risk and cancer, these findings have implications beyond metabolic diseases and indicate the necessity of strategies to resolve brain insulin resistance.
A rationally enhanced red fluorescent protein expands the utility of FRET biosensors
Authors: Mo Gary C. H. , Posner Clara , Rodriguez Erik A. , Sun Tengqian , Zhang Jin
Published: April 2020

Genetically encoded Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based biosensors are powerful tools to illuminate spatiotemporal regulation of cell signaling in living cells, but the utility of the red spectrum for biosensing was limited due to a lack of bright and stable red fluorescent proteins. Here, we rationally improve the photophysical characteristics of the coral-derived fluorescent protein TagRFP-T. We show that a new single-residue mutant, super-TagRFP (stagRFP) has nearly twice the molecular brightness of TagRFP-T and negligible photoactivation. stagRFP facilitates significant improvements on multiple green-red biosensors as a FRET acceptor and is an efficient FRET donor that supports red/far-red FRET biosensing. Capitalizing on the ability of stagRFP to couple with multiple FRET partners, we develop a novel multiplex method to examine the confluence of signaling activities from three kinases simultaneously in single living cells, providing evidence for a role of Src family kinases in regulating growth factor induced Akt and ERK activities.
19p loss is significantly enriched in older age neuroblastoma patients and correlates with poor prognosis
Authors: Lasorsa Vito Alessandro , Cimmino Flora , Ognibene Marzia , Mazzocco Katia , Erminio Giovanni , Morini Martina , Conte Massimo , Iolascon Achille , Pezzolo Annalisa , Capasso Mario
Published: April 2020

Genomic aberrations of neuroblastoma occurring in late childhood and adolescence are still understudied. Publicly available DNA copy number profiles of 556 tumors (discovery set) and of 208 tumors obtained by array-CGH assay (validation set) were used to test if 19p loss is significantly over-represented in children and adolescents with neuroblastoma. The 19p loss occurrence was separately tested within different age groups in the discovery and validation set and the resulting P values were combined by meta-analysis and corrected by Bonferroni’s method. In both sets, 19p loss was associated with older age at diagnosis. Particularly, the lowest age group significantly associated with 19p loss (discovery set: 20%; validation set: 35%) was 6 years. The 19p loss correlated with inferior overall survival in patients over 6 years of age. Relevant tumor suppressor genes (KEAP1, DNM2, SMARCA4, SLC44A2 and CDKN2D) and microRNAs (miR-181c, miR-27a, and mirR-199a-1) are located in the genomic region involved in 19p loss. Downregulation of DNM2, SLC44A2 and CDKN2D was associated with poor patient outcome and older age. Among the recurrent NB chromosomal aberrations, only 1q gain was enriched in patients older than 6, and its presence was mutually exclusive with respect to 19p loss. Our data demonstrate that 19p loss is a genomic biomarker of NB diagnosed in older children that can predict clinical outcome.