bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Mechanism of Emotional Labor and Intellectual Thinking in Burnout
Authors: Zhao Jie
Published: October 2024

Research on the interaction mechanism of cognitive evaluation, intellectual thinking, and burnout syndrome generally refers to academic fields related to individual psychology and burnout, such as individual cognitive appraisal, intellectual thinking, emotional labor, and burnout. It is a general term for psychology and mental health, with an interdisciplinary and applied nature. Unlike a single discipline, it presents complex attributes. During the research, it is not easy to conduct in-depth research by quantifying or applying traditional psychological models, and the diversity of research methods is somewhat limited. With the emergence of big data and artificial intelligence, the academic community has been paying more and more attention to psychology research methods. In recent years, scientists have begun to pay attention to the combination of innovation and interdisciplinarity, and the construction and application of big data and artificial intelligence technologies in psychology is a typical example. Considering the complexity of the research objects and the problems involved, how to effectively integrate big data, artificial intelligence technology, and psychology has become a problem that needs to be solved urgently in academic circles. This study analyzes applying the above theories to practice to provide theoretical foundations and practical references for promoting the interface of internal and external elements and innovation in this field.
Study on the Root Causes and Solutions of Misunderstandings in Cross-cultural Communication
Authors: Xu Huibo
Published: October 2024

The field that investigates subjects connected to cross-cultural communication, such as diverse cultural origins, linguistic habits, and behavioral patterns, is typically referred to as “cross-cultural communication” from here on out. As a catch-all word for sociology and linguistics, it has more nuanced qualities than psychology while yet having clear use and relevance. To a certain degree, the variety of research methodologies is limited in this area since it is not simple to accomplish deeper inquiry via the use of mathematical models and quantification. Researchers in the field of cross-cultural communication are paying more and more attention to this topic as a result of the rise of globalization and digital technology. The development and use of IT for intercultural communication is illustrative of the growing trend among academics to combine innovation with multidisciplinary methods. Academics must immediately begin to address the pressing matter of how to successfully combine information technology with cross-cultural communication in light of the complexity of the study objectives and difficulties associated with this discipline. In an effort to promote the intersection and creativity of internal and external forces in the field, this research seeks to investigate the practical implementation of the aforementioned ideas.
The Modern Transformation of Traditional Literature and Art under the Background of Cultural Confidence
Authors: Li Xin
Published: October 2024

Various cultural forms and expressions are facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities due to globalization and accelerated modernization. Chinese cultural confidence, as a national strategy and spiritual pursuit, plays a significant role in promoting the traditional Renaissance and modern transformation. The purpose of this article is to investigate the modern transformation path and practical methods of traditional Chinese literature and art within the context of cultural confidence. Through an in-depth analysis, the article points out that to achieve the modernization transformation of traditional literature and art, it is necessary to adopt strategies such as cross-border integration, innovative expression, and international dissemination. At the same time, it emphasizes the supporting role of education and technology in the transformation of traditional literature and art into modern times. Using case studies, the article illustrates the new ecology and trends of traditional literature and art in contemporary society, providing theoretical and practical guidelines for innovative development and international dissemination of traditional culture.
Research on optimization of sustainable engineering project management based on BIM technology
Authors: Zhang Hanlin
Published: October 2024

With the increasing global attention to sustainable development, the construction industry is faced with the major challenge of reducing resource consumption, reducing environmental pollution and improving economic efficiency. The potential for improved engineering project management and the promotion of sustainable development are both enhanced by Building Information Modeling (BIM), a sophisticated technology that is generally acknowledged. This study delves into the use of building information modeling (BIM) in project management, focusing on how it contributes to the attainment of sustainable development objectives. This study provides an overview of building information modeling (BIM), its history and evolution, and its complex link with sustainable project management via a thorough literature analysis. Particularly noteworthy is a case study that shows how BIM helps with quality assurance, scheduling, and cost control. As shown in the case study, the results demonstrate the critical role of BIM in enhancing management efficiency and conserving resources. The study also highlights potential avenues for future research and provides actionable recommendations for improving present procedures.
The Cross-Selectivity in Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling of Simple Aryl C–H Bonds
Authors: Lu Wenjun
Published: October 2024

Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings of C–H bonds have been pursued by researchers to produce unsymmetrical C–C bonds directly for over 50 years. Such bonds are currently prepared by Suzuki, Kumada, Stille, Neigishi, Heck, or Sonogashira coupling of C–halogen with C–M or C–H bonds. A big challenge is to obtain high cross-selectivity of cross-coupling products, especially when the substrates have similar chemical C–H bonds, such as simple arenes. Lu and co-workers have studied Pd catalysis in the cross-couplings of aryl C–H bonds since 2003. This account introduces their strategy, understanding, and research in cross-selectivity control, C–H activation modes, and cross-coupling establishment, and discusses the applications of the approach in synthesis.

1 Introduction

2 Cross-Selectivity Control

3 Conclusion
Gate control of superconducting current: Mechanisms, parameters, and technological potential
Authors: Ruf L. , Puglia C. , Elalaily T. , De Simoni G. , Joint F. , Berke M. , Koch J. , Iorio A. , Khorshidian S. , Makk P. , Gasparinetti S. , Csonka S. , Belzig W. , Cuoco M. , Giazotto F. , Scheer E. , Di Bernardo A.
Published: October 2024

In conventional metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) electronics, the logic state of a device is set by a gate voltage (VG). The superconducting equivalent of such effect had remained unknown until it was recently shown that a VG can tune the superconducting current (supercurrent) flowing through a nanoconstriction in a superconductor. This gate-controlled supercurrent (GCS) can lead to superconducting logics like CMOS logics, but with lower energy dissipation. The physical mechanism underlying the GCS, however, remains under debate. In this review article, we illustrate the main mechanisms proposed for the GCS, and the material and device parameters that mostly affect it based on the evidence reported. We conclude that different mechanisms are at play in the different studies reported so far. We then outline studies that can help answer open questions on the effect and achieve control over it, which is key for applications. We finally give insights into the impact that the GCS can have toward high-performance computing with low-energy dissipation and quantum technologies.
A comparative AIMD study of electronic excitation-induced amorphization in 3C-SiC, TiC, and ZrC
Authors: Song Shuo , Wang Sheng-Ze , Jiang Ming , Ji Wen , Tang Xi , Singh Chandra Veer
Published: October 2024

In the present study, an ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) method was employed to investigate the effect of electronic excitation on the micro-structural evolution of 3C-SiC, TiC, and ZrC. The AIMD results demonstrated that electron excitation induces a crystalline-to-amorphous phase transition in all carbide compounds. The determined threshold electronic excitation concentration for 3C-SiC, TiC, and ZrC at 300 K is 4.06%, 5.28%, and 4.26%, respectively. The mean square displacement of C atoms is larger than those of Si, Zr, and Ti atoms, which results from the smaller atomic mass of the C atom. These results indicate that the structural amorphization of 3C-SiC, TiC, and ZrC is primarily attributed to the displacement of C atoms. It is noted that amorphization induced by electronic excitation represents a solid–solid transition rather than a solid–liquid transition. It is further verified that the ⟨Si−C⟩ bond is a covalent characteristic, whereas the ⟨Ti−C⟩ or ⟨Zr−C⟩ bond is a mixture of ionic, metallic, and covalent characteristics, which may lead to different radiation tolerances of carbide compounds. The present results suggest that electronic excitation may contribute to the structural amorphization of carbides under low- or medium-energy electron and ion irradiation, and advance the fundamental comprehension of the radiation resistances of carbide compounds.
MHD-induced beta limits in the Large Helical Device
Authors: Wright A. M. , Ferraro N. M.
Published: October 2024

Using the extended-magnetohydrodynamics code, M3D-C1, we perform a systematic numerical study of the effect of externally applied heating on the achievable plasma beta in a ten field-period heliotron. Heat sources of varying intensity are applied to a vacuum magnetic field that is representative of the standard configuration of the Large Helical Device, with R0=3.66 m, where R0 is the radial position of the magnetic axis in vacuum. As the system is driven to a state that is unstable to low-n magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes, nonlinear mode interactions lead to the formation of chaotic magnetic fields. With sufficiently strong heating, a collapse of the electron temperature profile is observed. This demonstrates the necessity of simulating the self-consistent evolution of plasma profiles, without imposing assumptions on the structure of the magnetic field, to accurately determine transport properties in stellarator plasmas. It also highlights the value of these advanced simulation capabilities for accelerating the development of high-performance stellarator operating scenarios.
A review of extended lactation in dairy cows managed in high-input and pasture-based farming systems
Authors: Stelwagen Kerst , Pinxterhuis Ina (J. B.) , Lacy-Hulbert S. Jane , Phyn Claire V. C.
Published: October 2024

Traditionally the lactation cycle of a dairy cow is based around a 12-month calving interval, allowing for 10 months of lactation, followed by a 2-month dry period. This means that the cow has to conceive within 2–3 months after calving, when she is also at peak lactation and metabolically is in a negative energy balance. Such challenging physiological conditions make it challenging for the cow to conceive at this time and many modern high-producing cows fail to get pregnant within the constraints of a 12-month calving interval. In addition, many cows still produce at a high level at drying-off time, increasing the risk of intramammary infections. Therefore, delaying conception past peak production and, as a result, extending the lactation beyond 10 months may increasingly be necessary. Additionally, extended lactation (EL) may offer other advantages such as fewer calves being born and thus fewer ‘surplus’ calves needing to be culled at a young age, fewer health and welfare issues and improved environmental outcomes (i.e. less greenhouse-gas emission; less antibiotic usage) during the lifetime of the animal. Extending lactation is a straight forward management practice in high-input dairy systems where a consistent supply of feed supplements is readily available, but may be more challenging to implement in low(er)-input pasture-based systems. The latter are much more seasonal, with a 12-month calving interval allowing pasture growth and quality to match the cow’s nutritional demands; cows calve in spring when high-quality pasture is abundant and are dried-off during winter when pasture growth is more limited. In this review, we explored the impact of EL in both high-input systems and pasture-based systems. It covers the effects of EL on milk production, composition and processing, as well as on reproductive performance, health and welfare, and environmental and economic outcomes.
Linear magnetoresistance from glassy orders
Authors: Kim Jaewon , Altman Ehud , Chatterjee Shubhayu
Published: October 2024

Several strongly correlated metals display B-linear magnetoresistance (LMR) with a universal slope, in sharp contrast to the

B
2

scaling predicted by Fermi liquid theory. We provide a unifying explanation of the origin of LMR by focusing on a common feature in their phase diagrams—proximity to symmetry-breaking orders. Specifically, we demonstrate via two microscopic models that LMR with a universal slope arises ubiquitously near ordered phases, provided the order parameter either i) has a finite wave-vector, or ii) has nodes on the Fermi surface. We elucidate the distinct physical mechanisms at play in these two scenarios and derive upper and lower bounds on the field range for which LMR is observed. Finally, we discuss possible extensions of our picture to strange metal physics at higher temperatures and argue that our theory provides an understanding of recent experimental results on thin film cuprates and moiré materials.
Los problemas de traducción de textos turísticos a Lectura Fácil
Authors: Cuadrado-Rey Analía
Published: October 2024

Accessible tourism aims to eliminate barriers that hinder tourism for people with disabilities. However, in
recent years this concept has evolved into the concept of Tourism for all which is not limited to the
elimination of physical barriers but to ensure that tourist environments can be enjoyed by any person. From the point of view
of translation, cross-linguistic and intralinguistic Easy Reading makes it possible to offer a tourist text with the required
information in an understandable way. This task can be carried out based on the translator’s professional profile. Within the
framework of our work, we intend to: (1) analyse the inter- and intralinguistic translation of tourist texts into Easy
Reading, (2) identify the problems involved in the translation into Easy Reading of this type of text.
Aproximación a la traducción periodística en Lectura Fácil
Authors: Navarro-Brotons Lucía
Published: October 2024

Journalistic translation is a tool that serves as a channel for accessing information. In addition, access
to information is a fundamental right for all citizens. From the translation sector, the implementation of Easy Reading as a
global strategy to facilitate cognitive accessibility guarantees universal accessibility by ensuring that the text offers the
necessary information in an understandable way for those who need this support. The objectives of this paper are: (1) to give
an overview of the existing opportunity for the translator to specialize in the new profile of journalistic Easy Reading
translator and (2) to describe the challenges of Easy Reading translation of journalistic texts.
Propuesta didáctica para la práctica de la audiosubtitulación de textos audiovisuales multilingües en la formación de
audiodescriptores
Authors: Cerezo Merchán Beatriz , Oliver Beatriz Reverter , Martínez Sierra Juan José
Published: October 2024

Multilingual audiovisual works include fragments in L3 — i.e. in any language different from the dominant
language in the source text and the dominant language in the target text. L3 are often subtitled, even in traditionally
dubbing countries. These subtitles are a barrier for visually impaired users, who will need to have them made explicit
verbally through audio subtitling (AST). This chapter provides teachers and self-taught students with tools and tasks to learn
about and practice this submodality of audio description. Firstly, AST is defined and its characteristics, the problems it
poses and the strategies for solving them are described. Then, a didactic proposal that could be adapted to other educational
settings is presented.
Arabic pronunciation instruction
Authors: Shehata Asmaa
Published: October 2024

This study examined learner beliefs about Arabic pronunciation instruction and how classroom pronunciation practices affect learners’ speech comprehensibility. To this end, 10 native Arabic speakers and 16 English learners of Arabic with two different proficiency levels were recruited: novice high and intermediate, who answered questionnaires and provided samples for pre and posttests of comprehensibility. The results provided a lens through which to see the status of pronunciation instruction in Arabic language classes. The two groups of learners underlined the importance of pronunciation instruction for their learning, complained of a lack of useful pronunciation materials, and reported a desire to enhance their pronunciation accuracy. There was no change in the learners’ pronunciation on the basis of the learners’ pre- and post-test results assessing comprehensibility. Findings are discussed in relation to current research on the teaching of Arabic pronunciation to provide pedagogical implications.
A new type of linguistic sign
Authors: Mel’čuk Igor
Published: October 2024

A new type of morphological expressive linguistic means and the corresponding linguistic sign are described:
metasemy1
— an expressive linguistic means that is an
operation on the signified of the target lexeme; and metasemy2
—
a sign whose signifier is a metasemy1. Thus, the English metasemy2

painting

, when applied to a human proper name, such as, e.g.,
Turner, produces a derived lexeme, in this case,

painting
(Turner) = [a] Turner ‘[a]
painting by Turner’ (I have seen two excellent Turners). A formal description of the Russian
metasemy2

pomeščenie

‘place2’ is presented, based on the analysis of the Russian phrase u otca ‘at father’s’ = ‘at
father’s place2’, where the underlying lexeme otec ‘father’ and the derived lexeme

pomeščenie
(otec) are involved, the
meaning ‘place2’ being expressed by the metasemy2

pomeščenie

. The English and French translational equivalents of this phrase, Eng.
at father’s and Fr. chez le père, are shown to have different organizations: in at
father’s, the meaning ‘place2’ is carried by the ’s-form, and in chez le
père, by the preposition chez. A tentative list of known Russian metasemies2 is supplied, as
well as the similar lists for English and French. A metasemy2 always expresses a metonymic semantic relation between
the underlying lexeme and the resulting derived lexeme; it is a derivational morphological means, parallel to derivational
affixes. Metasemy2 seems to exist universally.
Contrastive study of verbal structures in medical and general corpora in French
Authors: Ivchenko Oksana , Grabar Natalia
Published: October 2024

This study examines the syntactic features of French medical and general texts to clarify their complexity and
implications for comprehension. By analysing corpora from both domains, we found significant differences in the use of passive
voice, present participles, negation and gerund constructions. In medical texts, the passive voice and present participles are
more frequent, reflecting specialized discourse and precision. In contrast, negation and gerunds are more common in general texts,
emphasizing the diversity of syntactic structures, and specific stylistic and argumentative effects. Our findings underline the
need for clear communication in medical texts and provide empirical evidence for the simplification.
On the telic senses of the Serbian verb stići and its French equivalent
arriver
Authors: Ašić Tijana , Grujić Tatjana , Torterat Frédéric
Published: October 2024

This article analyzes the specific temporal uses of the Serbian verb stići, when it denotes the
act of overcoming a spatial obstacle, or reaching the end point of a movement at a predetermined time. The study examines the
relationship between the spatial (basic) use of this verb and its derived telic sense, and describes the process of its
grammaticalization, in which this lexeme loses its semantic and syntactic autonomy and becomes part of a complex predicate. The
contrastive section of the study compares the non-spatial uses of stići with the corresponding uses of its French
equivalent, the verb arriver.
Triple junction benchmark for multiphase-field models combining capillary and bulk driving forces
Authors: Hoffrogge P W , Daubner S , Schneider D , Nestler B , Zhou B , Eiken J
Published: October 2024

A benchmark problem is formulated which is well suited for the validation of mesoscopic phase-field models for grain-boundary migration in polycrystals. First, an analytical steady-state solution of the sharp moving boundary problem is derived for a symmetric lamellar structure, which is valid for arbitrary bulk driving forces and triple junction angles. Characteristic quantities are identified to reduce the parameter space which in turn allows a systematic comparison of simulations and analytical results. Various multiphase-field (MPF) formulations are compared which approximate the sharp interface problem in terms of a diffuse regularization. An interfacial thickness convergence study reveals that the model error is largely dependent on the ratio of bulk to interfacial stabilizing force as well as the underlying model formulation. An additional grid convergence study highlights the efficiency of a more advanced discretization scheme. The results can be used to guide the selection of appropriate models and to estimate the interface thickness and spatial resolution required to achieve a given accuracy target. The post-processing framework consists of a fully automated determination of well-defined metrics from the phase field simulation data, eliminating human bias and facilitating reproducibility. The corresponding code is made openly available to assist the materials science and engineering community in validating MPF, multi-order parameter and similar model developments. We believe that this work provides a reliable benchmark procedure to better understand the potentials and limitations of current MPF models as well as alternative approaches.
Highly scalable quantum router with frequency-independent scattering spectra
Authors: Cai Yue , Ma Kang-Jie , Liu Jie , Guo Gang-Feng , Tan Lei , Liu Wu-Ming
Published: October 2024

Optical quantum routers play a crucial role in quantum networks and have been extensively studied in both theory and experiment, leading to significant advancements in their performance. However, these routers impose stringent requirements for achieving desired routing results, as the incident photon frequency must be in strict resonance with one or several specific frequencies. To address this challenge, we propose an efficient quantum router scheme composed of semi-infinite coupled-resonator waveguide (CRW) and a giant atom. The single-channel router scheme enables stable output with 100% transfer rate over the entire energy band of the CRW. Leveraging this intriguing result, we further propose a multi-channel router scheme that possesses high stability and universality, while also being capable of performing various functionalities. The complete physical explanation of the underlying mechanism for this intriguing result is also presented. We hope that quantum router with output results unaffected by the frequency of the incoming information carriers presents a more reliable solution for the implementation of quantum networks.
CaloFlux: a tool to estimate fluxes in calorimeters at colliders
Authors: Hassouna Khalid , Boudry Vincent
Published: October 2024

In high-granularity calorimetry, as proposed for detectors
at future electron-positron Higgs factories, the requirements on
electronics can have a strong impact on the design of the detector,
especially via the cooling and data acquisition systems. Estimating
the data rate is a difficult task due to the very large number of
channels, the complexity of the calorimeter system's geometry, and
the intricacies of the readout system. The CaloFlux software package
presented here eases this task by establishing the typical
fluxes-deposited energy, number of cells above the electronics
threshold, power consumption, and associated data-in rate histograms
for selections of components, from fully simulated physics and
background events by scaling with proper rates. The ILD calorimeter
system is taken as a specific example, upon which different
histograms are obtained for representative parts of the calorimeter
and for various machine configurations. Examples of histograms are
shown, along with details of the data used and the simulation.
The influence of neighbor selection on self-organized UAV swarm based on finite perception vision
Authors: Xiong Hui , Shi Xiuzhi , Ding Yaozu , Liu Xin , Yao Chenyang , Liu Jinzhen , Chen Yimei , Wang Jiaxing
Published: October 2024

Recently, vision-based unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarming has emerged as a promising alternative that can overcome the adaptability and scalability limitations of distributed and communication-based UAV swarm systems. While most vision-based control algorithms are predicated on the detection of neighboring objects, they often overlook key perceptual factors such as visual occlusion and the impact of visual sensor limitations on swarm performance. To address the interaction problem of neighbor selection at the core of self-organizing UAV swarm control, a perceptually realistic finite perception visual (FPV) neighbor selection model is proposed, which is based on the lateral visual characteristics of birds, incorporates adjustable lateral visual field widths and orientations, and is able to ignore occluded agents. Based on the FPV model, a neighbor selection method based on the acute angle test (AAT) is proposed, which overcomes the limitation that the traditional neighbor selection mechanism can only interact with the nearest neighboring agents. A large number of Monte Carlo simulation comparison experiments show that the proposed FPV+AAT neighbor selection mechanism can reduce the redundant communication burden between large-scale self-organized UAV swarms, and outperforms the traditional neighbor selection method in terms of order, safety, union, connectivity, and noise resistance.
Effect of active powder addition on the mechanical properties of TiCp/manganese steel matrix composites
Authors: Zhong Jiaxing , Wang Fengbin , Lu Dehong , Li Shengpeng , He Tao , Jiang Yehua
Published: October 2024

Different active powders were incorporated into TiC particle (TiCp) preforms of TiCp/manganese steel matrix composites to enhance the TiC/steel interfacial bonding. The effect of the active powders on bending strength and toughness of the composites was investgated. The composites were fabricated using a squeeze casting infiltration method, with a TiCp volume fraction of 50%. The active powders were mixed powders of Fe and tungsten carbide (WC), Ni and WC, and Ni and Si, respectively. Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to analyze the interfacial microstructure of the composites. The results show that the addition of WCp results in the formation of a (W, Ti)C layer around TiCps, thereby strengthening the interfacial bonding. Conversely, the addition of Fe powder leads to the presence of significant glass-phase material at the interface, which is prone to cracking. Consequently, the composite with active Ni+WC exhibits notably higher bending strength (680.3 MPa) and impact toughness (7.7 J cm−2) compared to the composite with active Fe+WC (574.3 MPa and 2.6 J cm−2), with increases of 18.5% and 196.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the composite with active Ni+Si demonstrates the highest bending strength (886.7 MPa) and good toughness (4.3 J cm−2), which are 54.4% and 65.4% higher than those of the Fe+WC active composite, respectively, and its strength is 30.3% greater than that of the Ni+WC active composite. This improvement is attributed to enhanced wettability between TiCp and the matrix.
How Shall the Lawyers Be Paid
Authors: Funk Kellen R
Published: October 2024

This chapter traces the Field Code’s reforms to fees and attorney ethics in connection with what jurists now call the “American Rule,” whereby each party pays its litigation costs rather than shifting the costs to the losing party. Although the code deregulated lawyer fees, it preserved the traditional logic and practices of cost-shifting, mainly expanding the equitable practice of having lawyers petition the court for costs after each victorious motion or phase of litigation. What lawyers at the time called “the American rule” was not the regulation of cost-shifting but the Field Code’s proclamation that lawyers were entitled to contract for and enforce their fee agreements instead of adhering to the English and civilian traditions of accepting fees as a mere gratuity. In time, the one American rule gave rise to the other as Field’s system of unregulated fees put increasing strain on the code’s justification for cost-shifting. Rather than deterring meritless or unscrupulous litigation practices through cost-shifting, Field and other elite lawyers turned increasingly to local bar associations to police attorney ethics.
Frankia [NiFe] uptake hydrogenases and genome reduction: different lineages of loss
Authors: Pawlowski Katharina , Wibberg Daniel , Mehrabi Sara , Obaid Nadia Binte , Patyi András , Berckx Fede , Nguyen Han , Hagen Michelle , Lundin Daniel , Brachmann Andreas , Blom Jochen , Herrera-Belaroussi Aude , Abrouk Danis , Pujic Petar , Hahlin Ann-Sofi , Kalinowski Jörn , Normand Philippe , Sellstedt Anita
Published: October 2024

Uptake hydrogenase (Hup) recycles H2 formed by nitrogenase during nitrogen fixation, thereby preserving energy. Among root nodule bacteria, most rhizobial strains examined are Hup−, while only one Hup−  Frankia inoculum had been identified. Previous analyses had led to the identification of two different [NiFe] hydrogenase syntons. We analysed the distribution of different types of [NiFe] hydrogenase in the genomes of different Frankia species. Our results show that Frankia strains can contain four different [NiFe] hydrogenase syntons representing groups 1f, 1h, 2a, and 3b according to Søndergaard, Pedersen, and Greening (HydDB: a web tool for hydrogenase classification and analysis. Sci Rep 2016;6:34212. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34212.); no more than three types were found in any individual genome. The phylogeny of the structural proteins of groups 1f, 1h, and 2a follows Frankia phylogeny; the phylogeny of the accessory proteins does not consistently. An analysis of different [NiFe] hydrogenase types in Actinomycetia shows that under the most parsimonious assumption, all four types were present in the ancestral Frankia strain. Based on Hup activities analysed and the losses of syntons in different lineages of genome reduction, we can conclude that groups 1f and 2a are involved in recycling H2 formed by nitrogenase while group 1 h and group 3b are not.
Hepatitis B Virus RNA as a Biomarker for Safe Antiviral Discontinuation: A Prospective Study of Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Withdrawal
Authors: Terrault Norah A , Sterling Richard , Lok Anna S , Ghany Marc G , Feld Jordan J , Cloherty Gavin , Wahed Abdus S , Yang Xue
Published: October 2024

Background

Withdrawal of nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy is associated with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss and sustained off-therapy partial cure (normal alanine aminotransferase [ALT] ≤30 U/L for males and ≤20 U/L for females with hepatitis B virus [HBV] DNA <2000 IU/mL) but should be offered only to those most likely to benefit. HBV RNA may be useful for risk stratification.

Methods

The Hepatitis B Research Network Immune-Active Trial prospectively evaluated treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for 192 weeks ± peginterferon alfa-2a for the initial 24 weeks, followed by protocolized withdrawal of TDF among eligible participants (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01369212). HBV RNA was evaluated as a predictor of ALT flares and sustained partial cure (HBV DNA <2000 IU/mL) 48 weeks after TDF withdrawal.

Results

Of 93 participants discontinuing TDF (n = 52, TDF + peginterferon alfa-2a; n = 41, TDF alone), 52 (55.9%) had unquantifiable HBV RNA at end of treatment. ALT flares >5 times the upper limit of normal at 48 weeks off therapy occurred in 33.3%, with pretreatment age (≥35 years) and quantifiable HBV RNA at end of treatment the best predictors (area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, 0.74 and 0.85 for training and test sets, respectively). A total of 26 (28.3%) had sustained partial cure, 3 (11.5%) with ALT flare. Nonquantifiable HBV RNA and quantitative HBsAg <100 IU/mL at end of treatment were the best predictors of sustained partial cure (area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, 0.84 and 0.93 for training and test sets). If HBV RNA was quantifiable at end of treatment, the likelihood of sustained partial cure was only 3%, whereas if HBV RNA was unquantifiable and quantitative HBsAg was <100 IU/mL, this likelihood was 73%.

Conclusions

HBV RNA is a useful biomarker in predicting likelihood of achieving sustained partial cure and safe withdrawal of nucleos(t)ide analogues.
Global emergence of Escherichia coli with PBP3 insertions
Authors: Long Haiyan , Zhao Feifei , Feng Yu , Zong Zhiyong
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Escherichia coli producing metallo-β-lactamases with penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3) insertions have reduced susceptibility to aztreonam–avibactam and cefiderocol. Here, we analysed high-quality E. coli genomes for PBP3 insertions.

Methods

E. coli genomes (n = 167 518) were retrieved from EnteroBase with CheckM2 for quality control, fastANI for species confirmation, multi-locus sequencing typing for sequence type (ST) determination and AMRFinderPlus for resistance gene identification. For PBP3 insertion analysis, we used Prokka for predicting coding sequences, BLAST+ for comparing resulted protein sequences and SnpEff for annotating variants.

Results

Among the included 159 341 genomes, PBP3 insertions with 11 variants were found in 2.01% (n = 3198). The predominant variant is a duplication of 334–337 amino acids (aa) (94.75%, n = 3030), comprising YRIN (65.92%, n = 2108) and its single-aa-variant YRIK (28.83%, n = 922), followed by a similar PYRI duplication of 333–336 (4.16%, n = 133). The less common ones are a TIPY duplication of 331–334 (n = 24) and its single-aa-variant TVPY’s duplication: TVVPY (n = 1), TVPYTVPY (n = 1) and TVPYPVPY (n = 1). Rare duplications include VGDR of 106–109 (n = 3), ANALNIPL of 114–121 (n = 3), AL of 567–568 (n = 1) and TG of 584–585 (n = 1). Insertion variants were detected across 62 countries on six continents, primarily in human samples, and associated with 85 STs, concentrated in high-risk clones ST410 (29.18%, n = 1923), ST167 (23.40%, n = 1740) and ST405 (10.56%, n = 1334), with 83.32% (n = 2218) encoding metallo-β-lactamase NDM.

Conclusions

Global spread of E. coli harbouring PBP3 insertion, often with NDM β-lactamase, high-risk ST410, ST167 and ST405 clones and various hosts, underscores the escalating antimicrobial resistance crisis and the urgency for a ‘One Health’ strategy.
On Nelson’s conception of consistency
Authors: Lenzen Wolfgang
Published: October 2024

This paper scrutinizes Everett Nelson's conception of consistency by comparing it with the “standard” account of C. I. Lewis. This conflict surprisingly resembles a related controversy between the ancient logicians Chrysippus and Diodorus. Nelson's intuitions behind his peculiar conception of consistency are analysed and certain features of his logical system are critically examined. In particular, his objections against the law of the transitivity of implication and against the laws of conjunction and disjunction have to be discussed. Although Nelson's considerations contain interesting ideas in favour of a relevantist conception of logic, they fail to convincingly support the hardcore connexive thesis that even a selfcontradictory proposition doesn't entail its own negation.
Malassezia gallinae sp. nov., a new basidiomycetous yeast species isolated from skins of chickens
Authors: Zhao Yu-Jing , Ma Qin , Liu Miao-Miao , Wang Qi-Ming
Published: October 2024

Species of Malassezia are lipid-dependent yeasts and integral components of the skin microbiome. Most of the currently known species are isolated from mammals. However, the presence and distribution of Malassezia yeasts on the skin of avian species have not been fully understood or elucidated. During a survey on the occurrence of Malassezia species in chickens, 23 Malassezia strains isolated from the healthy skins of chickens may represent two candidate new species of this genus based on the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) (including 5.8S rRNA) and the D1/D2 domains of 26S rRNA. The combined ITS and D1/D2 phylogenetic analysis showed that those two candidate new species were closely related to Malassezia slooffiae, and differed from the type of M. slooffiae by 51–62 nucleotides in the ITS region and four nucleotides in the D1/D2 domains, respectively. Based on the phylogenetic analysis and the phenotypic comparison, we propose a new species, named M. gallinae sp. nov., to include the 21 isolated strains.
Twins in diversity: understanding circumstellar disc evolution in the twin clusters of W5 complex
Authors: Damian Belinda , Jose Jessy , Das Swagat R , Gupta Saumya , Vaikundaraman Vignesh , Ojha D K , Kartha Sreeja S , Panwar Neelam , Eswaraiah Chakali
Published: October 2024

Young star-forming regions in massive environments are ideal test beds to study the influence of surroundings on the evolution of discs around low-mass stars. We explore two distant young clusters, IC 1848-East and West located in the massive W5 complex. These clusters are unique due to their similar (distance, age and extinction) yet distinct (stellar density and far-ultraviolet radiation fields) physical properties. We use deep multiband photometry in optical, near-infrared and mid-infrared wavelengths complete down to the substellar limit in at least five bands. We trace the spectral energy distribution of the sources to identify the young pre-main sequence members in the region and derive their physical parameters. The disc fraction for the East and West clusters down to 0.1 M$_\odot$ was found to be $\sim 27\,\pm$ 2 per cent (N$_\mathrm{disc}$ = 184, N$_\mathrm{discless}$ = 492) and $\sim 17\,\pm$ 1 per cent (N$_\mathrm{disc}$ = 173, N$_\mathrm{discless}$ = 814), respectively. While no spatial variation in the disc fraction is observed, these values are lower than those in other nearby young clusters. Investigating the cause of this decrease, we find a correlation with the intense feedback from massive stars throughout the cluster area. We also identified the disc sources undergoing accretion and observed the mass accretion rates to exhibit a positive linear relationship with the stellar host mass and an inverse relationship with stellar age. Our findings suggest that the environment significantly influences the dissipation of discs in both clusters. These distant clusters, characterized by their unique attributes, can serve as templates for future studies in outer galaxy regions, offering insights into the influence of feedback mechanisms on star and planetary formation.
High-velocity outflows persist up to 1 Gyr after a starburst in recently quenched galaxies at z > 1
Authors: Taylor Elizabeth , Maltby David , Almaini Omar , Merrifield Michael , Wild Vivienne , Rowlands Kate , Harrold Jimi
Published: October 2024

High-velocity outflows are ubiquitous in star-forming galaxies at cosmic noon, but are not as common in passive galaxies at the same epoch. Using optical spectra of galaxies selected from the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey at $z\gt 1$, we perform a stacking analysis to investigate the transition in outflow properties along a quenching time sequence. To do this, we use Mg ii ($\lambda$2800 Å) absorption profiles to investigate outflow properties as a function of time since the last major burst of star formation (t$_{\textrm {burst}}$). We find evidence for high-velocity outflows in the star-forming progenitor population (v$_{\textrm {out}}$$\sim$ 1400 $\pm$ 210 km s$^{-1}$), for recently quenched galaxies with t$_{\textrm {burst}}$ < 0.6 Gyr (v$_{\textrm {out}}$$\sim$ 990 $\pm$ 250 km s$^{-1}$), and for older quenched galaxies with 0.6 < t$_{\textrm {burst}}$ < 1 Gyr (v$_{\textrm {out}}$$\sim$ 1400 $\pm$ 220 km s$^{-1}$). The oldest galaxies (t$_{\textrm {burst}}$ > 1 Gyr) show no evidence for significant outflows. Our samples show no signs of active galactic nucleus (AGN) in optical observations, suggesting that any AGN in these galaxies have very short duty cycles, and were ‘off’ when observed. The presence of significant outflows in the older quenched galaxies (t$_{\textrm {burst}}$ > 0.6 Gyr) is difficult to explain with starburst activity, however, and may indicate energy input from episodic AGN activity as the starburst fades.
Revisiting dark photon constraints from CMB spectral distortions
Authors: Chluba Jens , Cyr Bryce , Johnson Matthew C
Published: October 2024

Spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) provide stringent constraints on energy and entropy production in the post-BBN (big bang nucleosynthesis) era. This has been used to constrain dark photon models with COBE/FIRAS and forecast the potential gains with future CMB spectrometers. Here, we revisit these constraints by carefully considering the photon to dark photon conversion process and evolution of the distortion signal. Previous works only included the effect of CMB energy density changes but neglected the change to the photon number density. We clearly define the dark photon distortion signal and show that in contrast to previous analytic estimates the distortion has an opposite sign and a $\simeq 1.5$ times larger amplitude. We furthermore extend the treatment into the large distortion regime to also cover the redshift range $\simeq 2 \times 10^{6}-4 \times 10^{7}$ between the μ-era and the end of BBN using cosmotherm . This shows that the CMB distortion constraints for dark photon masses in the range $10^{-4}\, {\rm eV}\lesssim m_{\rm d}\lesssim 10^{-3}\, {\rm eV}$ were significantly underestimated. We demonstrate that in the small distortion regime the distortion caused by photon to dark photon conversion is extremely close to a μ-type distortion independent of the conversion redshift. This opens the possibility to study dark photon models using CMB distortion anisotropies and the correlations with CMB temperature anisotropies as we highlight here.
The Long Shadow of the Big Lie: How Beliefs about the Legitimacy of the 2020 Election Spill Over onto Future Elections
Authors: Levendusky Matthew , Patterson Shawn , Margolis Michele , Ophir Yotam , Walter Dror , Jamieson Kathleen Hall
Published: October 2024

Has the “big lie”—the false claim that the 2020 election was stolen from Donald Trump—shaped citizens’ views of the legitimacy of other US elections? We argue that it has. Those who believe Trump’s claim, whom we call election skeptics, lack confidence in elections for two interrelated reasons. First, because they think 2020 was inaccurately and unfairly conducted, they think that other elections will suffer a similar fate, and hence think these elections are illegitimate even before any votes are cast. Second, while most voters think elections are less legitimate when their preferred candidate loses, this effect will be especially large for election skeptics, because voter fraud gives them a mechanism to explain their candidate’s loss. Using an original panel dataset spanning the 2020 and 2022 elections, we show strong support for these hypotheses. This has important implications for our elections, and their legitimacy, moving forward.
Comparison of Ultrasound-guided Single-injection Erector Spinae Plane Block, Retrolaminar Block, and Paravertebral Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Single-incision Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
Authors: Zhu Yuyang , Yang Yi , Zhang Qinyu , Li Xuan , Xue Wenqiang , Liu Yuan , Zhao Yufei , Xu Wenxia , Yan Peng , Li Shuang , Fang Yu , Huang Jie
Published: October 2024

Objective:

Effective postoperative analgesia is critical for thoracic surgery. This study compares the analgesic efficacy of the erector spinae plane block (ESPB), retrolaminar block (RLB), and paravertebral block (TPVB) in single-incision video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (SITS).

Methods:

Seventy-six patients underwent general anesthesia followed by ultrasound-guided nerve blocks with 20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine. Primary outcomes included the area under the curve (AUC) of numeric rating scale (NRS) scores during rest and coughing over 24 hours. Secondary outcomes included perioperative opioid use, plasma biomarkers, and postoperative recovery measures.

Results:

The AUC for NRS was 107.8±10.53 in the ESPB group, 104.8±8.05 in the RLB group, and 103.6±10.42 in the TPVB group, demonstrating noninferiority for ESPB (difference: 4.2±3.0, 95% CI: −1.82 to 10.22) and RLB (difference: 1.2±2.6, 95% CI: −3.97 to 6.37) compared with TPVB. No statistically significant differences were observed in opioid use, plasma biomarkers, QoR-15 scores, or adverse events.

Discussion:

ESPB and RLB provide noninferior analgesia compared with TPVB in SITS patients and are effective alternatives that enhance safety.
Trends in Urinary Tract Infection Management in Women
Authors: Yadav Ghanshyam S. , Brown Heidi W. , Menefee Shawn A. , Yang Su-Jau , Tan-Kim Jasmine
Published: October 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common cause of health care utilization in the United States. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic accelerated virtual care for UTIs. This retrospective cohort study analyzes more than 1.2 million encounters for UTI based on diagnosis codes, examining temporal trends focusing on virtual compared with in-person encounters, antibiotic dispensation rates, and culture-confirmed UTIs. From 2015 to 2022, UTI encounters increased by 325.9%, with a majority occurring at virtual visits. The rate of UTI encounters per 1,000 adult female patients increased by 241.6%. Antibiotic dispensation rates increased, surpassing the rise in rate of positive urine cultures, suggesting increasing use of empiric antibiotics. Our findings underscore the importance of balancing telemedicine's accessibility with maintaining antibiotic stewardship and highlight the need for updated guidelines.