bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic reprogramming during hepatitis B disease progression offers novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Masson Jesse JR , Billings Hugh WW , Palmer Clovis S
Published: August 2017

Metabolic remodeling occurs in immune cells during an infection. Host cells must upregulate energy production for growth, proliferation, and effector functions to limit the damage imposed by pathogens. One example, the hepatitis B virus, induces hepatic injury in human hepatocytes through dysregulation of aerobic glycolysis and lipid metabolism. Increased glycolytic metabolism mediated by elevated expression of Glut1, glucose influx, and lactate secretion is associated with this Warburg phenotype, a classic metabolic signature also observed in cancer cells. This article brings into focus the tight interaction between HBV infection and metabolic dysfunction and how these processes facilitate the progression of end-stage liver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. We also provide evidence and models by which other viruses such as HIV and Zika disrupt their host metabolic machinery. The emergence of the immunometabolism field provides novel opportunities to take advantage of intermediary metabolites and key metabolic pathways for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Cycluridine: A novel antiviral effective against flaviviruses
Authors: Galabov Angel S , Mukova Lucia , Abashev Yuriy P , Wassilewa Lilia , Tzvetkov Petko , Minkov Vassil , Barinskiy Igor F , Ouzounov Sergey , Sidzhakova Dorotea
Published: August 2017

This review describes the contemporary state of research for antivirals effective against flaviviruses, especially focusing on inhibitors of the pestivirus causative agent of bovine viral diarrhoea virus. We highlight cycluridine, an originally synthesized Mannich’s base [a tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinones derivative], as a highly effective antiviral possessing a strong inhibitory effect on bovine viral diarrhoea virus replication. Cycluridine was active against replication of a wide variety of bovine viral diarrhoea virus strains in cell cultures. The drug-sensitive period in the bovine viral diarrhoea virus replication cycle included the latent period and the exponential phase; a 90-min delay in the peak of viral RNA synthesis was observed. Cycluridine administered orally manifested a pronounced protective effect in calves with natural mucosal disease/viral diarrhoea and calves experimentally infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. Its magnitude of activity and selectivity places cycluridine in the lead among all known substances with anti- bovine viral diarrhoea virus activity. Additionally, cycluridine applied subcutaneously showed anti-tick-born encephalitis virus activity, manifesting a marked protective effect in mice infected with tick-born encephalitis virus. Cycluridine could be a prospective antiviral in veterinary and medical practice for the treatment of bovine viral diarrhoea virus and other flavivirus infections.
Complementary and alternative treatment in functional dyspepsia
Authors: Chiarioni Giuseppe , Pesce Marcella , Fantin Alberto , Sarnelli Giovanni
Published: August 2017

Introduction and aim

The popularity of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in treating functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) has steadily increased in Western countries. We aimed at analyzing available data on CAM effectiveness in functional dyspepsia (FD) patients.

Methods

A bibliographical search was performed in PubMed using the following keywords: “complementary/alternative medicine,” “hypnosis,” “acupuncture” and/or “functional dyspepsia.”

Results

In community settings, almost 50% of patients with FGIDs used CAM therapies. Herbal remedies consist of multi-component preparations, whose mechanisms of action have not been systematically clarified. Few studies analyzed the effectiveness of acupuncture in Western countries, yielding conflicting results and possibly reflecting a population bias of this treatment. Hypnosis has been extensively used in irritable bowel syndrome, but few data support its role in treating FD.

Conclusions

Although some supporting well-designed studies have been recently performed, additional randomized, controlled trials are needed before stating any recommendation on CAM effectiveness in treating FD.
Two sides of the same coin and two routes for improvement: Integrating resilience and the social identity approach to well-being and ill-health
Authors: Van Dick Rolf , Ketturat Charlene , Häusser Jan Alexander , Mojzisch Andreas
Published: August 2017

We propose that resilience effectively helps people cope with stress, thus predominantly reducing the negative. However, we argue that individuals’ social identification has the potential to contribute to their well-being, thus fostering the positive. A two-wave survey study of 180 students shows that resilience is more strongly (negatively) associated with ill-health (i.e. stress and depression), whereas social identification is more strongly (positively) related to well-being (i.e. satisfaction and work engagement). We believe that it is necessary to see these two routes to improving people’s health as complementary, both in future research and for therapy and interventions.
A national opinion study supports tobacco cessation by oral health professionals in Japan
Authors: Nagao Toru , Fukuta Jinichi , Seto Kanichi , Saigo Keietsu , Hanioka Takashi , Kurita Kenichi , Tonai Iwai , Yamashiro Masashi , Kusama Mikio , Satomura Kazuto , Izumi Yuichi , Mizutani Koji , Aoyama Norio , Tsumanuma Yuka , Imai Yutaka , Ishigaki Yoshiki , Nikaido Masahiko , Yoshino Hiroyuki , Sugai Toshiro , Kawana Hiromasa , Hamada Suguru , Matsuo Akira , Miura Kazue
Published: August 2017

Background:

Oral health professionals (OHPs) could have an important role in contributing to tobacco-dependence treatment of patients who visit dental clinics. How the public may perceive the role of OHPs in this capacity, however, has not been formally evaluated. The objective of this study was to assess national awareness and receptivity among Japanese in terms of the implementation of tobacco cessation counseling and treatment (TCCT) by OHPs in dental settings covered by National Health Insurance (NHI). The study participants’ awareness and knowledge on tobacco-related health disparities were also examined.

Method:

A questionnaire survey was used to assess the opinions among patients who visited hospital dental and oral and maxillofacial departments and private dental clinics ( n = 27) spread across several prefectures in Japan on their acceptance if tobacco cessation services were given by dentists and dental hygienists.

Result:

Overall, 963 survey sheets were eligible for the analysis. To the inquiry on tobacco-related oral diseases (TRODs), majority were aware of tooth staining (85%) and bad breathe (80%). However, less than half of respondents were aware of oral cancer (47%) and only 32% of oral precancer. OHPs were acceptable to the majority of respondents for TCCT: ≥70 age-group (84%), ex-smokers (84%) or never smokers (81%), never drinkers (83%), and students (86%). Paradoxically, current smokers (60%) were less likely to accept OHP for TCCT. However, those willing to quit within a month (89%) were willing to accept any help from OHP than those with no decision to quit (58%) ( p = 0.029).

Conclusion:

The result of this nationwide survey in Japan supported an expansion of duties of OHPs to provide TCCT to dental patients covered by NHI. Japanese patients who were willing to quit smoking were likely to accept TCCT in a dental setting, supporting the scheme for the introduction of tobacco control in dentistry.
The Seven Words You Can Never Say on Television: Increases in the Use of Swear Words in American Books, 1950-2008
Authors: Twenge Jean M. , VanLandingham Hannah , Keith Campbell W.
Published: August 2017

Evidence is accumulating that American culture has become more individualistic since the 1950s. In the present research, we focused on one plausible manifestation of individualism, the use of swear words in cultural products. We examined trends in the use of the seven words identified by George Carlin in 1972 as the “seven words you can never say on television” in the Google Books corpus of American English books from 1950 to 2008. We find a steady linear increase in the use of swear words, with books published in 2005-2008 twenty-eight times more likely to include swear words than books published in the early 1950s. Increases for individual swear words ranged from 4 to 678 times ( ds = 6.58-45.42). These results suggest that American culture has become increasingly accepting of the expression of taboo words, consistent with higher cultural individualism.
Periodontitis in Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome: An Altered Immunoinflammatory Response
Authors: Thumbigere Math V. , Rebouças P. , Giovani P.A. , Puppin-Rontani R.M. , Casarin R. , Martins L. , Wang L. , Krzewski K. , Introne W.J. , Somerman M.J. , Nociti F.H. , Kantovitz K.R.
Published: August 2017

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the lysosomal trafficking regulator gene (LYST), is associated with aggressive periodontitis. It is suggested that LYST mutations affect the toll-like receptor (TLR)–mediated immunoinflammatory response, leading to frequent infections. This study sought to determine the periodontal status of patients with classic (severe) and atypical (milder) forms of CHS and the immunoregulatory functions of gingival fibroblasts in CHS patients. In contrast to aged-matched healthy controls, atypical (n = 4) and classic (n = 3) CHS patients presented with mild chronic periodontitis with no evidence of gingival ulceration, severe tooth mobility, or premature exfoliation of teeth. As a standard of care, all classic CHS patients had undergone bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Primary gingival fibroblasts obtained from atypical and BMT classic CHS patients displayed higher protein expression of TLR-2 (1.81-fold and 1.56-fold, respectively) and decreased expression of TLR-4 (−2.5-fold and −3.85-fold, respectively) at baseline when compared with healthy control gingival fibroblasts. When challenged with whole bacterial extract of Fusobacterium nucleatum, both atypical and classic CHS gingival fibroblasts failed to up-regulate TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression when compared with their respective untreated groups and control cells. Cytokine multiplex analysis following F. nucleatum challenge showed that atypical CHS gingival fibroblasts featured significantly increased cytokine expression (interleukin [IL]–2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor–α), whereas classic CHS cells featured similar/decreased cytokine expression when compared with treated control cells. Collectively, these results suggest that LYST mutations in CHS patients affect TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression/function, leading to dysregulated immunoinflammatory response, which in turn may influence the periodontal phenotype noted in CHS patients. Furthermore, our results suggest that atypical CHS patients and classic CHS patients who undergo BMT early in life are less susceptible to aggressive periodontitis and that hematopoietic cells play a critical role in mitigating the risk of aggressive periodontitis in CHS.

Knowledge Transfer Statement: Results from this study can be used to create awareness among clinicians and researchers that not all CHS patients exhibit historically reported aggressive periodontitis, especially if they have atypical CHS disease or have received bone marrow transplantation. LYST mutations in CHS patients may affect TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression/function leading to dysregulated immunoinflammatory response, which in turn may influence the periodontal phenotype noted in CHS patients.
Pathophysiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Sadler J. Evan
Published: August 2017

The discovery of a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) revolutionized our approach to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Inherited or acquired ADAMTS13 deficiency allows the unrestrained growth of microthrombi that are composed of von Willebrand factor and platelets, which account for the thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, schistocytes, and tissue injury that characterize TTP. Most patients with acquired TTP respond to a combination of plasma exchange and rituximab, but some die or acquire irreversible neurological deficits before they can respond, and relapses can occur unpredictably. However, knowledge of the pathophysiology of TTP has inspired new ways to prevent early deaths by targeting autoantibody production, replenishing ADAMTS13, and blocking microvascular thrombosis despite persistent ADAMTS13 deficiency. In addition, monitoring ADAMTS13 has the potential to identify patients who are at risk of relapse in time for preventive therapy.
Clinical profile, biological markers, and comorbidity index as predictors of transplant-related mortality after allo-HSCT
Authors: Xhaard Aliénor , Cunha Renato , Busson Marc , Robin Marie , Dhedin Nathalie , Coman Tereza , Cabannes-Hamy Aurélie , Sicre de Fontbrune Flore , Michonneau David , Socié Gérard , Calado Rodrigo T. , Peffault de Latour Régis
Published: August 2017

Key Points

Pre–allo-HSCT age-adjusted recipient telomere length and mismatched unrelated donor predict TRM.
The role of heterogeneity in asthma: a structure‐to‐function perspective
Authors: Lui Justin K. , Lutchen Kenneth R.
Published: August 2017

A number of methods have evolved through the years in probing the dysfunction that impacts mechanics and ventilation in asthma. What has been consistently found is the notion of heterogeneity that is not only captured in the frequency dependence of lung mechanics measurements but also rendered on imaging as patchy diffuse areas of ventilation defects. The degree of heterogeneity has been linked to airway hyperresponsiveness, a hallmark feature of asthma. How these heterogeneous constriction patterns lead to functional impairment in asthma have only been recently explored using computational airway tree models. By synthesizing measurements of lung mechanics and advances in imaging, computational airway tree models serve as a powerful engine to accelerate our understanding of the physiologic changes that occur in asthma. This review will be focused on the current state of investigational work on the role of heterogeneity in asthma, specifically exploring the structural and functional relationships.
SV-P: A potential viable alternative to mode-converted P-SV seismic data for reservoir characterization
Authors: Gupta Menal , Hardage Bob
Published: August 2017

P-SV seismic acquisition requires 3C geophones and thus has greater cost compared with conventional P-P data. However, some companies justify this added cost because P-SV data provide an independent set of S-wave measurements, which can increase the reliability of subsurface property estimation. This study investigates SV-P data generated by a vertical vibrator and recorded by vertical geophones as a cost-effective alternative to traditional P-SV data. To evaluate the efficacy of the SV-P mode relative to the P-P and P-SV modes, multicomponent seismic data from Wellington Field, Kansas, were interpreted. P-P amplitude variation with offset (AVO) gathers and stacked SV-P seismic data were jointly inverted to estimate elastic properties, which were compared with the estimates obtained from joint inversion of P-P AVO gathers, stacked P-SV seismic data, and inversion of P-P AVO gathers data. All inversions provide identical P-impedance characteristics. However, a significant improvement in S-impedance estimates is observed when P-P and converted wave data (either SV-P or P-SV) are inverted jointly, compared with P-P inversion results alone. In the Arbuckle interval, which is being considered for [Formula: see text] injection, use of converted-wave data clearly demarcates the Middle Arbuckle baffle zone and the Lower Arbuckle injection zone, with the latter having low P- and S-impedances. These observations, although consistent with other well-based geologic evidence, are absent on P-P-only inversion results. No major difference in the inversion results is seen when SV-P data are used instead of P-SV data. Moreover, we determine for the first time by comparing the SV-P image obtained from vertical-vibrator data and the SV-P image obtained from horizontal-vibrator data that both data image subsurface geology equivalently, except for the important distinction that the former contains more valuable higher frequencies than the latter. Because legacy P-wave data can be reprocessed to extract the SV-P mode, using SV-P data can provide a unique way to perform multicomponent seismic analysis.
Milton Much Revolving
Authors: Greenberg Marissa
Published: August 2017

Revolution as an act of turning is a crucial yet overlooked feature of Milton’s conception of historical periods. This essay, by examining Milton’s imagery of revolution, seeks to challenge conventional associations of Milton and periodization with teleological culmination and inaugural disruption. In Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained the phrase much revolving becomes iconic of revolution as period-defining movement. Milton’s characters pivot, roll, twist, contort, resist, and return. In doing so, they show, and not simply describe, the lived experience of periodizing change. The poet dismisses understandings of historical periods as closed cycles or linear progressions that are defined by renowned individuals and monumental events. Milton reveals periods to be open-ended and helical and makes immediately sensible the quotidian events, no less apocalyptic for their familiarity, that generate history.
The Age of Shakespeare versus the Age of Milton: Reopening the Noisy Theaters
Authors: Staines John D.
Published: August 2017

This essay explores the political implications of the periodization divides created by the closing of the public theaters in 1642 at the start of the English Civil War and their reopening in 1660 at the restoration of Charles II. The meaning of the theater, and the meanings attributed to the cultural icons of Shakespeare and Milton, played important parts in the cultural battle between royalists and republicans, and those debates continue to shape literary studies in the twenty-first-century university despite recent reevaluations of the literature of the Civil War and the Revolution. Shakespeare is walled off from Milton, drama separated from poetry, prose, and epic. These divides distort the readings of the period’s literature and, at a time of resource scarcity, threaten to limit which writers and texts are researched and taught. The essay concludes with a reading of Paradise Lost that puts drama, dialogue, and conversation at the center. In the dramatic Milton, meaning is found in dialogue and conversation, growing out of the noise of debate and conflict.
The Drive, the Untreatable Quest of Desire
Authors: Cantin Lucie
Published: August 2017

From the moment Freud first came up against repetition and the resistance of the symptom in his clinical practice and was thus forced to acknowledge a beyond of the pleasure principle that acts within the subject, the unconscious could no longer be conceived as a site of representations that are repressed because they are forbidden or inadmissible in the cultural or social sphere. This essay explores the manifestations and the consequences of this act in the clinical practice and in the domain of aesthetics, arguing that the act is not merely the source of the subject’s troubles but the manifestation of an unconscious quest by which we recognize desire.
Unbound: The Speculative Mythology of the Death Drive
Authors: McNulty Tracy
Published: August 2017

As a drive to the inorganic, the death drive is fundamentally opposed to sensuality and, specifically, to pleasure and pain. This is why Gilles Deleuze understands Freud’s account of the death drive as the “beyond of the pleasure principle” not in terms of the transgression of a boundary or limit (going beyond pleasure into something painful or traumatic), but rather as a foray into speculative philosophy, an attempt to identify the transcendent principle or higher law of the pleasure principle, the supersensual law of its sensual manifestations. This paper explores the construction of the supersensual reality of the death drive in masochistic fantasy and in fetishistic disavowal, exploring their affinity not only with art and aesthetics but with mathematical and formal constructions. Both help to elucidate Freud’s early insight that the death drive is more mathematical than physical, a purely immanent energy with no sensual manifestation.
Architecture and dynamics of overlapped RNA regulatory networks
Authors: Lapointe Christopher P. , Preston Melanie A. , Wilinski Daniel , Saunders Harriet A.J. , Campbell Zachary T. , Wickens Marvin
Published: August 2017

A single protein can bind and regulate many mRNAs. Multiple proteins with similar specificities often bind and control overlapping sets of mRNAs. Yet little is known about the architecture or dynamics of overlapped networks. We focused on three proteins with similar structures and related RNA-binding specificities—Puf3p, Puf4p, and Puf5p of S. cerevisiae. Using RNA Tagging, we identified a “super-network” comprised of four subnetworks: Puf3p, Puf4p, and Puf5p subnetworks, and one controlled by both Puf4p and Puf5p. The architecture of individual subnetworks, and thus the super-network, is determined by competition among particular PUF proteins to bind mRNAs, their affinities for binding elements, and the abundances of the proteins. The super-network responds dramatically: The remaining network can either expand or contract. These strikingly opposite outcomes are determined by an interplay between the relative abundance of the RNAs and proteins, and their affinities for one another. The diverse interplay between overlapping RNA–protein networks provides versatile opportunities for regulation and evolution.
Giving eyespots a shiner: Pharmacologic manipulation of the Io moth wing pattern
Authors: Sourakov Andrei
Published: August 2017

Our knowledge of wing pattern formation in Lepidoptera has advanced significantly in recent years due to the careful examination of several groups of butterflies. The eyespot is a prominent feature of Lepidoptera wing pattern, especially in the family Saturniidae. The present study examined how sulfated polysaccharides, which are known to simulate cold shock effect in nymphalid butterflies, affected the wing pattern formation of the Io moth, Automeris io (Saturniidae).  Prepupae and pupae of this species were subjected to injections of heparin and cold shock. While the cold shock had little to no effect on wing pattern, the aberrations resulting from heparin injections consisted of moderate to profound increases in melanism around the eyespots. The resulting aberrations are dubbed ‘Black Eye’ and ‘Comet Eye.’ Most other known aberrations of Automeris io eyespots are summarized, illustrated and named.
Recover Overnight? Work Interruption and Worker Productivity
Authors: Cai Xiqian , Gong Jie , Lu Yi , Zhong Songfa
Published: August 2017

This paper investigates the effect of work interruption on workers’ subsequent productivity. We employ a data set of individual productivity and machine conditions, in which each worker faces the chance, on a daily basis, that her machine will break down randomly. Our analysis finds that compared to a workday with smooth production, experiencing a machine breakdown is associated with a 3.3 percentage point decline in the worker’s productivity the following day. We discuss possible explanations for the observed effect, including negative emotions, increased cautiousness in operating the machine, and proficiency loss. Our findings shed light on the importance of understanding and managing interruptions in the workplace, and contribute to a growing literature on the determinants of productivity at the micro level.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2792 .

This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
Multi- and univariate analyses of the weekend effect for elective lower-limb joint replacements
Authors: Briggs WTE , Guevel BLT , McCaskie AW , McDonnell SM
Published: August 2017

Introduction

The weekend effect is a perceived difference in outcome between medical care provided at the weekend when compared to that of a weekday. Clearly multifactorial, this effect remains incompletely understood and variable in different clinical contexts. In this study we analyse factors relevant to the weekend effect in elective lower-limb joint replacement at a large NHS multispecialty academic healthcare centre.

Materials and Methods

We reviewed the electronic medical records of 352 consecutive patients who received an elective primary hip or knee arthroplasty. Patient, clinical and time-related variables were extracted from the records. The data were anonymised, then processed using a combination of uni- and multivariate statistics.

Results

There is a significant association between the selected weekend effect outcome measure (postoperative length of stay) and patient age, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, time to first postoperative physiotherapy and time to postoperative radiography but not day of the week of operation.

Discussion

We were not able to demonstrate a weekend effect in elective lower-limb joint replacement at our institution nor identify a factor that would require additional weekend clinical medical staffing. Rather, resource priorities would seem to include measures to optimise at-risk patients preoperatively and measures to reduce time to physiotherapy and radiography postoperatively.

Conclusions

Our findings imply that postoperative length of stay could be minimised by strategies relating to patient selection and access to postoperative services. We have also identified a powerful statistical methodology that could be applied to other service evaluations in different clinical contexts.
Enhanced recovery programmes for lower limb arthroplasty in the UK
Authors: Nagra NS , Hamilton TW , Strickland L , Murray DW ,   BONE Collaborative, Pandit H , Alloush A , Ayodele O , Baker P , Behbahani A , Bretherton C , Brodermann M , Chan C , Cox M , Donaghy M , Edwards J , Ghosh A , Holton J , Jackson J , Jamshed A , Kahane S , Khan S , Knapper T , Kumar A , Kumar N , Lee T , Nuttall H , Marson B , Matthews W , Mayahi R , Mohandas D , Morgan R , Oh K , Pearce O , Pettit W , Reidy M , Shah, M , Street E , Suliman G , Trowbridge S , van Herwijnen B , Whitham R , Wilson W
Published: August 2017

Introduction

Enhanced recovery programmes (ERPs) reduce patient morbidity and mortality, and provide significant cost savings by reducing length of stay. Currently, no uniform ERP guidelines exist for lower limb arthroplasty in the UK. The aim of this study was to identify variations in ERPs and determine adherence to local policy.

Methods

Hospitals offering elective total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) (23 and 22 centres respectively) contributed details of their ERPs, and performed an audit (15 patients per centre) to assess compliance.

Results

Contrasting content and detail of ERPs was noted across centres. Adherence to ERPs varied significantly (40–100% for TKA, 17–94% for THA). Analysis identified perioperative use of dexamethasone, tranexamic acid and early mobilisation for TKA, and procedures performed in teaching hospitals for THA as being associated with a reduced length of stay.

Conclusions

This study highlights variation in practice and poor compliance with local ERPs. Given the proven benefits of ERPs, evidence-based guidelines in the context of local skillsets should be established to optimise the patient care pathway.
Action Score Generator (2014)
Authors: Walker Nathan
Published: August 2017

The Action Score Generator is an online writing machine that writes and re-writes an infinite series of performance event scores. The source texts collect together previously performed actions by artist Nathan Walker between 2006 and 2013. The scores are arranged into poetic, six-word-length instructions, aligning performance objects, tasks, verbs and spaces that are reorganized endlessly by a JavaScript code. The Action Score Generator aligns itself with the short poetic texts of Fluxus Event Scores and with rhythms of computational data and visual poetry. An Action Score Generator book is published by IF P THEN Q Press, Manchester, including an Afterword by Mark Leahy entitled ‘An action movie (for NW): Reading time code action’.
O Fragmento 2 W de Tirteu e a Poética da Eunomia
Authors: Brunhara Rafael de C. M.
Published: August 2017

Acreditou-se por muito tempo que a Eunomia de Tirteu (Fr.1 – 4 W) fosse um poema narrativo destinado à comunidade e entoado apenas no espaço do festival público. Atualmente a discussão permanece em aberto, sobretudo por causa da escassez dos fragmentos que restaram. Em vez de tentar neste trabalho conjeturar uma ocasião de performance específica para o poema, este texto visa responder as seguintes perguntas a partir da leitura do fragmento 2 W: Há marcas textuais que distinguem uma poética circunscrita aos eventos públicos e outra, própria do ambiente simpótico? Se sim, Pode-se dizer que a Eunomia de Tirteu apresenta tais marcas?
Young English language learners making thinking and language visible
Authors: Salmon Angela K
Published: August 2017

This paper aims to provide teachers with a resource to assist them in understanding the inner workings of young English Language Learners (ELLs) and how they externalize their thoughts in either their first or second language. This article not only analyzes how teachers can help children acquire a second language without sacrificing their first language and motivation, but also focuses on language processing in bilingual children through providing an understanding of both the interplay between language and cognition and the role of the environment. Results from an action research project implementing Harvard Project Zero’s Visible Thinking ideas serve as evidence to discuss the benefits of creating a culture of thinking in the classroom to promote additive bilingualism in young children.
Circles of culture: Literacy as a pro- cess for social inclusion
Authors: Souto Manning Mariana
Published: August 2017

Historically, illiteracy has been a reality for Brazilians. This paper describes an adult literacy program currently in practice in Northeastern Brazil from a critical theory framework. The program described is based on Freireʼs circles of culture and its conception is that literacy is a process for social inclusion. Along with the description provided by the author, resulting from participant observation and review of literature, this paper includes the perspective of a student currently in the program. Further, from a critical standpoint, the author acknowledges many positive things already implemented and challenges for the future of this promising literacy program.
School Literacy Practices Closer to Home: the New Challenge of Literacy Learning
Authors: Quintero Luz Mary
Published: August 2017

Literacy learning/teaching can be an unforgettable experience when it is a joint effort between school and home. There are family literacy practices and traditions that can bring about amazing outcomes whenthey are conjugated with school literacy activities. This article attempts to suggest some possible ways for teachers and parents to work collaboratively to make the journey of becoming literate a much more rewarding path for both children and teachers. The perspectives presented here are based on experiences that some teachers have lived by working with parents, and on some theoretical perspectives. It is an invitation forus, teachers, to reflect upon our literacy practices we promote in our classrooms and think of possible alternatives to make children find reading and writing a meaningful and enjoyable route.
Building Communities of Interest and Practice through Critical Exchanges among Chilean and Colombian Novice Language Teachers
Authors: Farias Miguel , Obilinovic Katica
Published: August 2017

This article reports a collaborative experience between two groups of EFL novice teachers from Chile and Colombia. We explored the potential of a virtual platform and other means of ICT connectivity to create communities of practice and interest by engaging in critical pedagogy activities that allowed the trainees to look at their education from a comparative perspective. Through the creation of blogs, a group of 30 Chilean pre-service teachers, as language learners and language users, were asked particularly to reflect critically on the power of hypertextuality so they could gain an understanding of the (non-neutral) constructedness of texts, to raise their rhetorical awareness both as text producers and text readers, and to develop agency as communicators and not just passive receivers of media messages. We postulated that immediate feedback from peers and opportunities for sharing with real global audiences would promote higher level thinking, communication skills, and deeper understandings of texts. Sample comments taken from responses to a qualitative survey applied to the Chilean participants will be used to illustrate these points.
An ecological perspective on minority and majority language and literacy communities in the Americas
Authors: Reyes Iliana
Published: August 2017

In this paper I discuss current sociolinguistic situations in linguistically diverse communities in the Americas, thereby contributing toward the development of a theoretical model that focuses on the ecology of emergent bilingualism and biliteracy for both language-minority and language-majority children. I analyze different examples in which children’s participation during family literacy events mediate the learning of the second language and their construction of meaning from print they encounter in their bilingual surroundings. The review points to the potential to develop bilingualism and biliteracy that might exist within each child’s immediate environment and are enhanced when community members (e.g., parents, peers, schoolteachers, neighbors) provide direct scaffolding during child-adult interactions. The studies are discussed within an eco-sociocultural framework making pedagogical connections and recommendation to the optimal development of bilingualism and biliteracy.
Linguistic Challenges Lived by University Students in Bogotá in the Development of Academic Literacy
Authors: Nanwani Sanjay
Published: August 2017

The focus of this paper is on the challenges that Colombian university students live when developing academic writing in English as a foreign language. At the macro level, it points to the importance of a theoretically informed understanding of teaching practices in ELT; at the micro level it intends to sensitize ELT practitioners, and particularly academic writing instructors, on the diverse challenges students – particularly non-native learners – experience when appropriating a largely unknown discourse upon entry to the university. Excerpts from participants in a two-year study intertwine with a theoretical discussion on academic writing are presented.
Literacy practices, texts, and talk around texts: english language teaching developments in colombia
Authors: Valencia Giraldo Silvia
Published: August 2017

This paper seeks to provide a window into the complexity of classroom interaction in English language classes in public secondary schools in Colombia. It will show the relationship between what goes on in public schools and classrooms, the wider policy context, and recent reforms. Through a detailed analysis of data collected in two schools and the interaction that takes place between the two teachers and their students around and about texts, this artcicle provides insights into the specific nature of the literacy practices, the texts used, and the particular ways in which the teachers and learners made sense of these texts. It examines how the students are learning to read in English in these classes, and what the teachers understand by ‘doing reading’ and ‘reading comprehension’.
Exploring students’ EFL writing through hypertext design
Authors: López María Eugenia
Published: August 2017

This research analyzes the processes students undergo when writing hypertexts collaboratively. This qualitative case study provides an overall picture of students’ EFL writing through hypertext design. It is a collaborative experience which explores and documents how students deal with grammatical, textual and pragmatic aspects when writing hypertexts. This study draws upon data collected during a semester conducted with engineering students at a university in 2003. Students’ hypertexts, audio recordings, students’ reflection logs and an interview were used as main data collection sources. Two main categories emerged as a result of triangulating evidence: “Process of collaborative hypertext writing and negotiation” and “Use of concept mapping and other strategies to overcome difficulties in hypertext writing”.
Growing together as teacher researchers
Authors: Pineda Báez Clelia , Clavijo Olarte Amparo
Published: August 2017

This article focuses on the description of an innovative academic program implemented in the Masters Program in Applied Linguistics to TEFL at Distrital University in Bogotá, Colombia that aimed at facilitating EFL teachers’ undertaking of research in schools in Bogotá. The process of working collaboratively included identifying teachers’ feelings related to their research capabilities. The program allowed students to develop awareness of the applications of qualitative research in education. This experience contributed to bridging the gap between reflective practice and research practices. It also promoted a high quality of academic debate.
Cooperative Structures of Interaction in a Public School EFL Classroom in Bogotá
Authors: Parga Herrera Fernando
Published: August 2017

In deprived socio cultural contexts like those characterizing the suburbs of Bogotá, cooperative learning (CL) appears as an alternativeto cope with student problems of interpersonal communication and conflict derived largely from gossiping, information distortion, and verbal aggressiveness that result in an inappropriate learning environment. As a result of implementing this action research study with 8th graders in a public school of Usme, in the south east of Bogotá, students’ original negative influence over their peers turned into positive mediation, featured by peer monitoring, peer correction, and peer feedback. Such a change, which was evident in class audio and video recordings, as well a ssuccessful CL task development, occurred thanks to the joint establishment of rules for cooperative interaction with their corresponding roles, functions, times, and spaces immersed in the implemented CL structures of interaction. This way, students raised awareness of the crucial factors involved in effective oral communication and the importance of reporting information accurately for well-informed opinions and decisions. Students’ improvement in the oral communication processes contributed significantly to a better classroom social environment for learning.
La multimedia como herramienta para el aprendizaje autónomo del vocabulario del inglés por parte de los niños
Authors: Moreno Mosquera Francisco
Published: August 2017

This paper describes a pedagogical intervention carried out at the University of Chocó aimed at determining the degree of effectiveness of multimedia technology as a tool for independent learning of English vocabulary by children. The research problem was stated in terms of the questions: ¿how effective is foreign language learning through technology?, ¿how much can children in Chocó learn English vocabulary by themselves through multimedia? The findings confirm several hypotheses about the learning of vocabulary and pronunciation, and leads the researchers to conclude that multimedia is effective as a teaching tool for autonomous learning of foreign languages.
(I)literate Identities in Adult Basic Education: A Case Study of a Latino Woman in an ESOL and Computer Literacy Class
Authors: Jiménez Juan Pablo
Published: August 2017

Adult Basic Education (ABE), namely English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) in the United States has been understood and assessed as the mastering of skills increasingly aimed at meeting the demands of the workplace. This ethnographic case study examines how the literacy practices a Latino woman engages in through her participation in an ABE-ESOL class relate to her developing identities of mother, student and citizen. Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the findings demonstrate the contextual nature of adult literacy, showing how learners appropriate available tools and texts and enact purposeful and meaningful literacy practices, which traditional ABE assessment dismiss or do not account for. Implications for adult literacy pedagogy and research are discussed.
EFL Chinese Students and High Stakes Expository Writing: A Theme Analysis
Authors: Yang Qian , Ramírez J. Andrés , Harman Ruth
Published: August 2017

The expository essay in English is a key gatekeeping milestone as students seek to move from one level of schooling to the next (Schleppegrell, 2004). Using Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), this study analyzes a Chinese college student's expository essay written on a nationwide English examination in China. Two aspects of theme in the textual metafunction will be examined: theme markedness and theme progression (Eggins, 1994; Halliday, 1994). These components are further explored through a parallel analysis of an expository essay written by a North American freshman. This comparative theme analysis highlights areas in pedagogy that should be attended to if EFL students are to get more sophisticated control over important features of expository writing.
Implications of Multimodal Learning Models for foreign language teaching and learning
Authors: Farías Miguel , Obilinovic Katica , Orrego Roxana
Published: August 2017

This literature review article approaches the topic of information and communications technologies from the perspective of their impact on the language learning process, with particular emphasis on the most appropriate designs of multimodal texts as informed by models of multimodal learning. The first part contextualizes multimodality within the fields of discourse studies, the psychology of learning and CALL; the second, deals with multimodal conceptions of reading and writing by discussing hypertextuality and literacy. A final section outlines the possible implications of multimodal learning models for foreign language teaching and learning.
Inquiring into Culture in our Foreign-Language Classrooms
Authors: Castro Damaris
Published: August 2017

This article presents some theoretical reflections about the concept of culture and its paramount importance in foreign language classrooms, as a basis for examining curriculum as inquiry, a facilitative tool to incorporate culture in courses in the Bachelor’s degree in the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language at the National University of Costa Rica (UNA). Feasible solutions to common problems that teachers face when trying to incorporate culture in their classrooms, are also discussed.
Literature circles: a door to students’ life experiences in the classroom
Authors: López Medina Consuelo del Pilar
Published: August 2017

This article describes students’ interaction process as they explored and built their aesthetic responses in literature circles. Participants constructed meaning of each piece of literature through the reading and discussion of books with their classmates. This project was carried out with 10th and 11th graders in a public school in Bogotá. They attended three hours of English class as a foreign language per week and it was through this time that the project was carried out. The students’ discussions in the literature circles were conducted in Spanish. Data collection sources for this project include students’ journals, audiotapes and video recording. The analysis of the participants’ responses showed their critical reflection upon human nature according to both their own set of values, and the context in which they were immersed. Interaction played a relevant role since all these responses were manifested when participants worked together to share their ideas and life experiences.
The motivational properties of emotions in Foreign Language Learning*
Authors: Mendez López Mariza
Published: August 2017

Although the process of learning a foreign language is replete with emotions, these have not been sufficiently studied in the field of EnglishLanguage Teaching. The aim of this article is to report the motivational impact of the emotions experienced by second year students of anEnglish Language Teaching programme in a South East Mexican University. Students were asked to keep an emotional journal for twelve weeksduring their third term in order to map their emotions and their sources during instructed language learning. The results show that the emotionsexperienced most by students are: fear, happiness, worry, calm, sadness and excitement. Although there is a range of sources for emotionalreactions, the five main sources of students’ emotions are: their insecurity about their speaking ability, the teachers’ attitudes, comparisonswith peers, the classroom atmosphere, and the type of learning activities.The two main aspects identified as impacting on students’ motivationare: the teachers’ attitudes, and the classroom climate.
An Interdisciplinary Theory-Based ESL Curriculum to Teach English as a Second Language
Authors: Fuentes Brenda , Soto Mas Francisco , Mein Erika , Jacobson Holly E.
Published: August 2017

Among Hispanic immigrants in the United States (US), learning English is considered necessary for economic and social achievement. Asa consequence, there is a high demand for English as a Second Language (ESL) classes. Despite the recognized benefits of ESL programs,both at the individual and social levels, more research is needed to identify education strategies that effectively promote all aspects of learningEnglish as a second language. This article describes an ESL curriculum that incorporates a theory-based pedagogical approach specificallydesigned for immigrant Hispanic adults on the US-Mexico border region. The article also describes the implementation of the curriculum aswell as the results of the evaluation, which was conducted using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative results indicate thatthe participants significantly improved their English proficiency (L2). Qualitative results suggest that participants were positively impactedby both the content and pedagogical approaches used by the curriculum. Their experience with the ESL class was positive in general. It canbe concluded that the curriculum achieved its objective. This approach could serve as a model for second language teaching for adults
Teaching English in Times of the National Bilingual Program in some State Schools: Linguistic and pedagogical factors.
Authors: Maturana Patarroyo Liliana Maria
Published: August 2017

This mixed-interdisciplinary study was conducted in four state schools in Medellin-Colombia with the participation of 12 teachers and 111students from 3rd, 4th and 5th grades. Data gathering techniques used were a semi structured interview administered to the 12 teachers anda battery of six psycholinguistic tests administered to the students. This paper addresses qualitative data from the interview and discusses,from a reflective and interpretative perspective, linguistic and pedagogical factors that affect the English teaching and learning processes for a12-primary-teacher group. These factors emerged essential for the establishment of pedagogical relationships amongst teachers, students andthe English language; likewise, the necessity of informed and continuous teacher professional development programmes as part of linguisticpolicies becomes manifest