bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The exercise in all chemotherapy trial
Authors: Schmitz Kathryn H. , Potiaumpai Melanie , Schleicher Erica A. , Wolf Laura J. , Doerksen Shawna E. , Drabick Joseph J. , Yee Nelson S. , Truica Cristina I. , Mohamed Ali A. , Shaw Bethany W. , Farley Diane C.
Published: December 2020

Background

Multiple international organizations have called for exercise to become standard practice in the setting of oncology care. The feasibility of integrating exercise within systemic chemotherapy has not been investigated.

Methods

Patients slated to receive infusion therapy between April 2017 and October 2018 were screened for possible inclusion. The study goal was to establish the acceptability and feasibility of embedding an exercise professional into the chemotherapy infusion suite as a method of making exercise a standard part of cancer care. The exercise prescriptions provided to patients were individualized according to results of brief baseline functional testing.

Results

In all, 544 patients were screened, and their respective treating oncologists deemed 83% of them to be medically eligible to participate. After further eligibility screening, 226 patients were approached. Nearly 71% of these patients (n = 160) accepted the invitation to participate in the Exercise in All Chemotherapy trial. Feasibility was established because 71%, 55%, 69%, and 63% of the aerobic, resistance, balance, and flexibility exercises prescribed to patients were completed. Qualitative data also supported the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention from the perspective of patients and clinicians. The per‐patient cost of the intervention was $190.68 to $382.40.

Conclusions

Embedding an exercise professional into the chemotherapy infusion suite is an acceptable and feasible approach to making exercise standard practice. Moreover, the cost of the intervention is lower than the cost of other common community programs. Future studies should test whether colocating an exercise professional with infusion therapy could reach more patients in comparison with not colocating.

Lay Summary

Few studies have tested the implementation of exercise for patients with cancer by embedding an exercise professional directly into the chemotherapy infusion suite.

The Exercise in All Chemotherapy trial shows that this approach is both acceptable and feasible from the perspective of clinicians and patients.
Turbulence and turbulent flow structures in a ventricular assist device—A numerical study using thelarge‐eddysimulation
Authors: Torner Benjamin , Konnigk Lucas , Abroug Nada , Wurm Hendrik
Published: December 2020

Numerical flow simulations that analyze the turbulent flow characteristics within a turbopump are important for optimizing the efficiency of such machines. In the case of ventricular assist devices (VADs), turbulent flow characteristics must be also examined in order to improve hemocompatibility. Turbulence increases the shear stresses in the VAD flow, which can lead to an increased damage to the transported blood components. Therefore, an understanding of the turbulent flow patterns and their significance for the numerical blood damage prediction is particularly important for flow optimizations in VADs in order to identify and thus minimize flow regions where blood could be damaged due to high turbulent stresses. Nevertheless, the turbulence occurring in VADs and the local turbulent structures that lead to increased turbulent stresses have not yet been analyzed in detail in these machines. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the turbulence in an axial VAD in a comprehensive and double tracked way. First, the flow in an axial VAD was computed using the large‐eddy simulation method, and it was verified that the majority of the turbulence was directly resolved by the simulation. Then, the turbulent flow state of the VAD was quantified globally. For this purpose, a self‐designed evaluation method, the power loss analysis, was used. Subsequently, local flow regions and flow structures were identified where significant turbulent stresses prevail. It will be shown that the identified regions are universal and will also occur in other axial blood pumps as well, for example, in the HeartMate II.
Programmable Gene Knockdown in Diverse Bacteria Using Mobile‐CRISPRi
Authors: Banta Amy B. , Ward Ryan D. , Tran Jennifer S. , Bacon Emily E. , Peters Jason M.
Published: December 2020

Facile bacterial genome sequencing has unlocked a veritable treasure trove of novel genes awaiting functional exploration. To make the most of this opportunity requires powerful genetic tools that can target all genes in diverse bacteria. CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) is a programmable gene‐knockdown tool that uses an RNA‐protein complex comprised of a single guide RNA (sgRNA) and a catalytically inactive Cas9 nuclease (dCas9) to sterically block transcription of target genes. We previously developed a suite of modular CRISPRi systems that transfer by conjugation and integrate into the genomes of diverse bacteria, which we call Mobile‐CRISPRi. Here, we provide detailed protocols for the modification and transfer of Mobile‐CRISPRi vectors for the purpose of knocking down target genes in bacteria of interest. We further discuss strategies for optimizing Mobile‐CRISPRi knockdown, transfer, and integration. We cover the following basic protocols: sgRNA design, cloning new sgRNA spacers into Mobile‐CRISPRi vectors, Tn7 transfer of Mobile‐CRISPRi to Gram‐negative bacteria, and ICEBs1 transfer of Mobile‐CRISPRi to Bacillales. © 2020 The Authors.

Basic Protocol 1: sgRNA design

Basic Protocol 2: Cloning of new sgRNA spacers into Mobile‐CRISPRi vectors

Basic Protocol 3: Tn7 transfer of Mobile‐CRISPRi to Gram‐negative bacteria

Basic Protocol 4: ICEBs1 transfer of Mobile‐CRISPRi to Bacillales

Support Protocol 1: Quantification of CRISPRi repression using fluorescent reporters

Support Protocol 2: Testing for gene essentiality using CRISPRi spot assays on plates

Support Protocol 3: Transformation of E. coli by electroporation

Support Protocol 4: Transformation of CaCl2‐competent E. coli
Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the post‐traumatic embitterment disorder self‐rating scale (PTED‐21) among inpatients in general hospital
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Gao Yuting , Tan Liangliang , Zhang Yuqun , Yang Ting , Shi Linhua , Chu Painan , Linden Michael , Yuan Yonggui
Published: December 2020

Embitterment and in some cases also post‐traumatic embitterment disorder (PTED) are relevant problem in the general population and even more so in psychiatric patients. PTED screening should be an essential component of routine mental health management, which can be done by the 21‐item Post‐traumatic Embitterment Disorder Self‐Rating Scale (C‐PTED‐21), which measures the intensity of reactive stimulus bound embitterment. The PTED‐21 German version was translated into Chinese, and 200 nonpsychiatric inpatients, reporting major negative life events, were recruited through convenience sampling to evaluate test performance. Ninety patients were selected for retest 2 weeks later to examine scale reliability. Factor analysis was used to assess construct validity and receiving operating characteristic curve analysis based on the “PTED standardized diagnostic interview” to assess diagnostic utility. Correlations with depression, somatic symptom, and anxiety scales were examined to assess aggregate validity. The C‐PTED‐21 demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach'sα = 0.944) and good test–retest reliability (total scorer = 0.783, individual item r value range, 0.635–0.889). Factor analysis revealed three common factors consistent with PTED core features. Total C‐PTED‐21 score was strongly correlated with the score on the nine‐item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ‐9,r = 0.735). Mean PTED‐21 score ≥1.6 points distinguished clinical PTED as defined by diagnostic interview with 97.6% sensitivity and 90.5% specificity (AUC = 0.988, 95%CI: 0.976–0.999). The results show that the C‐PTED‐21 can assess the severity of PTED with good reliability and validity.
Targeted Protein Degradation Phenotypic Studies Using HaloTag CRISPR/Cas9 Endogenous Tagging Coupled with HaloPROTAC3
Authors: Caine Elizabeth A. , Mahan Sarah D. , Johnson Rebecca L. , Nieman Amanda N. , Lam Ngan , Warren Curtis R. , Riching Kristin M. , Urh Marjeta , Daniels Danette L.
Published: December 2020

To assess the role of a protein, protein loss phenotypic studies can be used, most commonly through mutagenesis RNAi or CRISPR knockout. Such studies have been critical for the understanding of protein function and the identification of putative therapeutic targets for numerous human disease states. However, these methodological approaches present challenges because they are not easily reversible, and if an essential gene is targeted, an associated loss of cell viability can potentially hinder further studies. Here we present a reversible and conditional live‐cell knockout strategy that is applicable to numerous proteins. This modular protein‐tagging approach regulates target loss at the protein, rather than the genomic, level through the use of HaloPROTAC3, which specifically degrades HaloTag fusion proteins via recruitment of the VHL E3 ligase component. To enable HaloTag‐mediated degradation of endogenous proteins, we provide protocols for HaloTag genomic insertion at the protein N or C terminus via CRISPR/Cas9 and use of HaloTag fluorescent ligands to enrich edited cells via Fluorescence‐Activated Cell Sorting (FACS). Using these approaches, endogenous HaloTag fusion proteins present in various subcellular locations can be degraded by HaloPROTAC3. As detecting the degradation of endogenous targets is challenging, the 11‐amino‐acid peptide tag HiBiT is added to the HaloTag fusion to allows the sensitive luminescence detection of HaloTag fusion levels without the use of antibodies. Lastly, we demonstrate, through comparison of HaloPROTAC3 degradation with that of another fusion tag PROTAC, dTAG‐13, that HaloPROTAC3 has a faster degradation rate and similar extent of degradation. © 2020 The Authors.

Basic Protocol 1: CRISPR/Cas9 insertion of HaloTag or HiBiT‐HaloTag

Basic Protocol 2: HaloPROTAC3 degradation of endogenous HaloTag fusions
Translational Models and Tools to Reduce Clinical Trials and Improve Regulatory Decision Making for QTc and Proarrhythmia Risk (ICH E14/S7B Updates)
Authors: Strauss David G. , Wu Wendy W. , Li Zhihua , Koerner John , Garnett Christine
Published: December 2020

After multiple drugs were removed from the market secondary to drug‐induced torsade de pointes (TdP) risk, the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) released guidelines in 2005 that focused on the nonclinical (S7B) and clinical (E14) assessment of surrogate biomarkers for TdP. Recently, Vargas et al. published a pharmaceutical‐industry perspective making the case that “double‐negative” nonclinical data (negative in vitro hERG and in vivo heart‐rate corrected QT (QTc) assays) are associated with such low probability of clinical QTc prolongation and TdP that potentially all double‐negative drugs would not need detailed clinical QTc evaluation. Subsequently, the ICH released a new E14/S7B Draft Guideline containing Questions and Answers (Q&As) that defined ways that double‐negative nonclinical data could be used to reduce the number of “Thorough QT” (TQT) studies and reach a low‐risk determination when a TQT or equivalent could not be performed. We review the Vargas et al. proposal in the context of what was contained in the ICH E14/S7B Draft Guideline and what was proposed by the ICH E14/S7B working group for a “stage 2” of updates (potential expanded roles for nonclinical data and details for assessing TdP risk of QTc‐prolonging drugs). Although we do not agree with the exact probability statistics in the Vargas et al. paper because of limitations in the underlying datasets, we show how more modest predictive value of individual assays could still result in low probability for TdP with double‐negative findings. Furthermore, we expect that the predictive value of the nonclinical assays will improve with implementation of the new ICH E14/S7B Draft Guideline.
Individual Atrasentan Exposure is Associated With Long‐term Kidney and Heart Failure Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Koomen Jeroen V. , Stevens Jasper , Bakris George , Correa‐Rotter Ricardo , Hou Fan Fan , Kitzman Dalane W. , Kohan Donald E. , Makino Hirofumi , McMurray John J. V. , Parving Hans‐Henrik , Perkovic Vlado , Tobe Sheldon W. , de Zeeuw Dick , Heerspink Hiddo J. L.
Published: December 2020

Atrasentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, showed clinically significant albuminuria reduction with minimal signs of fluid retention in phase II trials. We evaluated whether plasma exposure was associated with long‐term outcomes for kidney protection and heart failure in the phase III SONAR trial (n = 3668) in type 2 diabetics with chronic kidney disease. A population pharmacokinetic model was used to estimate plasma exposure of atrasentan 0.75 mg/day. Parametric time‐to‐event models were used to quantify the association between plasma exposure and long‐term outcomes. Mean atrasentan plasma exposure was 41.4 ng.h/mL (2.5th to 97.5th P: 14.2 to 139.9). Compared with placebo, a mean atrasentan exposure translated in a hazard ratio of 0.76 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28–0.85) for kidney events and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.03–2.20) for heart failure events. At the mean atrasentan exposure, the kidney protective effect was larger than the increase in heart failure supporting the atrasentan 0.75 mg/day dose in this population.
Reaction Condition Effects on the Photocatalytic Production of H2 from Ethanol in the Gas Phase over Pt/TiO2
Authors: Molins Francesc , Küpper Karsten , Schweers Elke
Published: December 2020

The effects of reaction parameters on H
production from ethanol photocatalysis in the gas phase have been investigated. The photocatalytic activity evolves from an early mass‐transfer limited regime to an independent one at later irradiation times, which is interpreted in terms of a photocatalytic site activity distribution. Ethanol molar fraction exhibits two different domains, with H
production increasing up to a molar fraction of 0.12, beyond which it plateaus. H
:AcH ratios are very sensitive to reaction conditions, reaching 1.8 at low reactant flows. UV light is converted to H
with an efficiency of nearly 3 %.
A tuffaceous volcaniclastic turbidite bed of Early Miocene age in the Temburong Formation of Labuan, North‐West Borneo and its implications for the Proto‐South China Sea subduction in the Burdigalian
Authors: Burley Stuart D. , Breitfeld H. Tim , Stanbrook David ‘Stan’ , Morley Robert J. , Kassan Jochen , Sukarno Mohamad , Wantoro D. Wantoro
Published: December 2020

A 2 m thick bed of smectite‐rich clay within a sequence of distal deep water turbidites and marine mudstones of the Temburong Formation on the island of Labuan, Sabah, North‐West Borneo, is an altered, re‐sedimented pyroclastic tuff which is geochemically of rhyolite‐dacite composition. The tuff bed was deposited in deep water, although probably <1,000 m, by traction currents and retains relic siliceous shards, feldspar phenocrysts and biotite crystals but was dominated by ash‐grade material. The tuff is interpreted as a turbidite deposit and most probably records long distance sub‐marine transport down the depositional slope from an active volcanic system in the hinterland. It has a zircon U–Pb weighted mean age of 19.6 ± 0.1 Ma whilst combined forminiferal and nannofossil ages from the enclosing marine mudstones range from 21.5 to 19.4 Ma; together these indicate an early Miocene age for the Temburong Formation. The tuff is the result of a very short‐lived volcanic arc magmatic episode and was either related to similar aged volcanics of the Sintang Suite in central Borneo or a product of the Proto‐South China Sea subduction beneath the Cagayan arc north‐east of Borneo. The age indicates that deep water sedimentation in North‐West Borneo continued into the Burdigalian suggesting the subduction trench of the Proto‐South China Sea was active into the early Miocene, beneath the depocentre of the Temburong turbidite fan. By contrast, sandstones representative of the typical marine Temburong Formation yield abundant zircons which are dominately Cretaceous in age indicating an important switch in source provenance during the Early Miocene from the Crocker Formation that is dominated by Permian‐Triassic zircons. This difference in zircon populations likely reflects an important tectonic event in the early Miocene that resulted in uplift of central Borneo to supply sediment to the Sabah Trough whilst the input of material derived from the western terrains diminished. The Temburong Formation was sourced by reworking of uplifted Rajang Group, Sapulut or Trusmadi formations.
A brief session‐by‐session measure of eating disorder psychopathology for children and adolescents: Development and psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder‐15 for Youth (ED‐15‐Y)
Authors: Accurso Erin C. , Waller Glenn
Published: December 2020

Objective

Despite evidence supporting the use of measures to track ongoing progress and outcome in treatment, there is a relative absence of measures that are appropriate for this purpose in youth with eating disorders. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder‐15 for Youth (ED‐15‐Y) scale, including its ability to detect short‐term change in symptomatology.

Method

Youth (N = 203) ages 8–18 years completed self‐report questionnaires and semi‐structured diagnostic interviews upon initial presentation for an outpatient eating disorders assessment at an academic medical center.

Results

The ED‐15‐Y demonstrated excellent reliability (internal consistency, split‐half reliability) and high sensitivity to change early in treatment (change from sessions 1 to 8, adjusting for baseline score). Further, these data demonstrate that the ED‐15‐Y has excellent convergent validity, being highly correlated with a well‐tested, longer measure of eating disorders psychopathology—the Eating Disorders Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q). These data also support good discriminant and concurrent validity, differentiating between youth without an eating disorder or with ARFID and youth with eating disorders involving weight and shape concerns (e.g., anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa).

Discussion

The ED‐15‐Y may be a useful tool to briefly assess eating disorder psychopathology in youth as young as 8 years old. Its sensitivity to change very early in treatment suggests that it has the potential to be used as a routine outcome measure in the context of treatment.
Changes in beta diversity and species functional traits differ between saplings and mature trees in an old‐growth forest
Authors: Kirk David Anthony , Brice Marie‐Hélène , Bradstreet Michael S. , Elliott Ken A.
Published: December 2020

Invasion by generalist tree species can cause biotic homogenization, and such community impoverishment is likely more important in rare forest types. We quantified changes in tree diversity within Carolinian (range in Central Hardwood Forest), central (range in Central Hardwood Forest and Northern Hardwood‐Conifer Forest), and northern species [range reached Northern‐Conifer‐Hardwood/closed Boreal (spruce‐Fir) Forest] in an old forest tract in southern Canada at points surveyed 24 years apart. We asked: How did mature tree and sapling composition and abundance change for the three species’ groups? Did those changes lead to biotic homogenization? Can species’ changes be explained by community traits? We tested for differences in temporal and spatial tree β‐diversity, as well as forest composition and structure, using univariate/multivariate analyses and a community trait‐based approach to identify drivers of change. Major increases occurred in abundance for matureAcer rubrum(northern), while other species decreased (Fraxinus americana,Populus grandidentata); declines were found inA. saccharinum(central) andCornus florida(Carolinian). Species composition of saplings, but not mature trees, changed due to replacement; no evidence for biotic homogenization existed in either cohort. As a group, northern mature tree species increased significantly, while central species decreased; saplings of pooled Carolinian species also declined. Shade tolerance in mature trees increased, reflecting successional changes, while drought tolerance decreased, perhaps due to changing temperatures, altered precipitation or ground water levels. Saplings showed declines in all traits, probably because of compositional change. Our results demonstrated that saplings can more closely reflect change in forest dynamics than mature trees, especially over short time periods. Based on sapling trends, this remnant could ultimately transition to a mesophytic hardwood stand dominated byA. rubrumand other shade‐tolerant species, creating a more homogeneous forest. While encouraging regeneration for Carolinian and central tree species could ensure high levels of diversity are conserved in the future, it is important to balance this with the primary management goal of maintaining the forest's old‐growth characteristics.
Evidence of postbreeding prospecting in a long‐distance migrant
Authors: Ciaglo Max , Calhoun Ross , Yanco Scott W. , Wunder Michael B. , Stricker Craig A. , Linkhart Brian D.
Published: December 2020

Organisms assess biotic and abiotic cues at multiple sites when deciding where to settle. However, due to temporal constraints on this prospecting, the suitability of available habitat may be difficult for an individual to assess when cues are most reliable, or at the time they are making settlement decisions. For migratory birds, the postbreeding season may be the optimal time to prospect and inform settlement decisions for future breeding seasons.

We investigated the fall movements of flammulated owls (Psiloscops flammeolus) within breeding habitat after fledglings had gained independence and before adults left for migration. From 2013 to 2016, we trapped owls within a breeding population wherein all nesting owls and their young have been banded since 1981. We used stable isotopes in combination with mark–recapture data to identify local individuals and differentiate potential prospecting behavior from other seasonal movements such as migration or staging.

We commonly captured owls in the fall—predominantly hatch‐year owls—that were not known residents of the study area. Several of these nonresident owls were later found breeding within the study area. Stable isotope data suggested a local origin for virtually all owls captured during the fall.

Our results suggest that hatch‐year flammulated owls, but also some after‐hatch‐year owls, use the period between the breeding season and fall migration to prospect for future breeding sites. The timing of this behavior is likely driven by seasonally variable costs associated with prospecting.

Determining the timing of prospecting and the specific cues that are being assessed will be important in helping predict the extent to which climate change and/or altered disturbance regimes will modify the ecology, behavior, and demographics associated with prospecting.
Global data set for nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes of tunas
Authors: Bodin Nathalie , Pethybridge Heidi , Duffy Leanne M. , Lorrain Anne , Allain Valérie , Logan John M. , Ménard Frédéric , Graham Brittany , Choy C. Anela , Somes Christopher J. , Olson Robert J. , Young Jock W.
Published: December 2020

Nitrogen and carbon stable isotope data sets are commonly used to assess complex population to ecosystem responses to natural or anthropogenic changes at regional to global spatial scales, and monthly to decadal timescales. Measured in the tissues of consumers, nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) are primarily used to estimate trophic position while carbon isotopes (δ13C) describe habitat associations and feeding pathways. Models of both δ15N and δ13C values and their associated variance can be used to estimate likely dietary contributions and niche width and provide inferences about consumer movement and migration. Stable isotope data have added utility when used in combination with other empirical data sets (e.g., stomach content, movement tracking, bioregionalization, contaminant, or fisheries data) and are increasingly relied upon in food web and ecosystem models. While numerous regional studies publish tables of mean δ15N and δ13C values, limited individual records have been made available for wider use. Such a deficiency has impeded full utility of the data, which otherwise would facilitate identification of macroscale patterns. The data provided here consist of 4,498 records of individuals of three tuna species, Thunnus alalunga, T. obesus, and T. albacares sampled from all major ocean basins from 2000 to 2015. For each individual tuna, we provide a record of the following: species name, sampling date, sampling location, tuna length, muscle bulk and baseline corrected δ15N values, and muscle bulk and, where available, lipid corrected δ13C values. We provide these individual records to support comparative studies and more robust modeling projects seeking to improve understanding of complex marine ecosystem dynamics and their responses to a changing environment. There are no copyright restrictions for research and/or teaching purposes. Users are requested to acknowledge their use of the data in publications, research proposals, websites, and other outlets following the citation instructions in Class III, Section B.
Experimental evaluation of the relationship between dimensional dependencies of MnZn ferrites and filter inductor impedances
Authors: Takahashi Shotaro , Ogasawara Satoshi , Takemoto Masatsugu , Orikawa Koji , Tamate Michio
Published: December 2020

This study investigates the relationship between filter inductor impedance and dimensional resonance of MnZn ferrite. Experimental results clarify that multiple factors affect inductor impedance resonances. These can be classified into three factors: the inherent characteristics of a magnetic material, self‐resonance due to winding stray capacitance, and winding that acts as a distributed constant line. Next, based on the measurement results, the dimensional dependencies of complex permeabilities (dimensional resonance) and the influence of dimensional resonance on inductor impedance are discussed in detail. Finally, this study verifies that the influence of dimensional resonance on complex permeability can be mitigated, and filter inductor impedance can be increased in the high frequency range by core lamination. All experiments are performed using off‐the‐shelf magnetic core products.
Myocarditis and coronary aneurysms in a child with acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Authors: Ciuca Cristina , Fabi Marianna , Di Luca Daniela , Niro Fabio , Ghizzi Chiara , Donti Andrea , Balducci Anna , Rocca Alessandro , Zarbo Chiara , Gargiulo Gaetano Domenico , Lanari Marcello
Published: December 2020

A 6‐year‐old African boy with multi‐viral infection including parvovirus B19 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was admitted for persistent fever associated with respiratory distress and myocarditis complicated by cardiogenic shock needing ventilatory and inotropic support. Coronary aneurysms were also documented in the acute phase. Blood tests were suggestive of macrophage activation syndrome. He was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins, aspirin, diuretics, dexamethasone, hydroxychloroquine, and prophylactic low molecular weight heparin. Normalization of cardiac performance and coronary diameters was noticed within the first days. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, performed 20 days after the hospitalization, evidenced mild myocardial interstitial oedema with no focal necrosis, suggesting a mechanism of cardiac stunning related to cytokines storm rather than direct viral injury of cardiomyocytes.
Veno‐Arterial Extracorporeal Life Support in Heart Transplant and Ventricle Assist Device Centres. Meta‐analysis
Authors: Kowalewski Mariusz , Zieliński Kamil , Gozdek Mirosław , Raffa Giuseppe Maria , Pilato Michele , Alanazi Musab , Gilbers Martijn , Heuts Sam , Natour Ehsan , Bidar Elham , Schreurs Rick , Delnoij Thijs , Driessen Rob , Sels Jan Willem , van de Poll Marcel , Roekaerts Paul , Pasierski Michał , Meani Paolo , Maessen Jos , Suwalski Piotr , Lorusso Roberto
Published: December 2020

Aims

Because reported mortality on veno‐arterial (V‐A) extracorporeal life support (ECLS) substantially varies between centres, the aim of the current analysis was to assess the outcomes between units performing heart transplantation and/or implanting ventricular assist device (HTx/VAD) vs. non‐HTx/VAD units in patients undergoing V‐A ECLS for cardiogenic shock.

Methods and results

Systematic search according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE databases until 30 November 2019. Articles reporting in‐hospital/30‐day mortality and centre's HTx/VAD status were included. In‐hospital outcomes and long‐term survival were analysed in subgroup meta‐analysis. A total of 174 studies enrolling n = 13 308 patients were included with 20 series performed in non‐HTx/VAD centres (1016 patients, 7.8%). Majority of patients underwent V‐A ECLS for post‐cardiotomy shock (44.2%) and acute myocardial infarction (20.7%). Estimated overall in‐hospital mortality was 57.2% (54.9–59.4%). Mortality rates were higher in non‐HTx/VAD [65.5% (59.8–70.8%)] as compared with HTx/VAD centres [55.8% (53.3–58.2%)], P < 0.001. Estimated late survival was 61.8% (55.7–67.9%) without differences between non‐HTx/VAD and HTx/VAD centres: 66.5% (30.3–1.02%) vs. 61.7% (55.5–67.8%), respectively (P = 0.797). No differences were seen with respect to ECLS duration, limb complications, and reoperations for bleeding, kidney injury, and sepsis. Yet, weaning rates were higher in HTx/VAD vs. non‐HTx/VAD centres: 58.7% (56.2–61.1%) vs. 48.9% (42.0–55.9%), P = 0.010. Estimated rate of bridge to heart transplant was 6.6% (5.2–8.3%) with numerical, yet not statistically significant, difference between non‐HTx/VAD [2.7% (0.8–8.3%)] as compared with HTx/VAD [6.7% (5.3–8.6%)] (P = 0.131).

Conclusions

Survival after V‐A ECLS differed according to centre's HTx/VAD status. Potentially different risk profiles of patients must be taken account for before definite conclusions are drawn.
Linear Tetranuclear Lanthanide Cymantrenecarboxylates with Diethylene Glycol Ligand: Synthesis, Magnetism, and Thermolysis
Authors: Koroteev Pavel S. , Ilyukhin Andrey B. , Babeshkin Konstantin A. , Belova Ekaterina V. , Gavrikov Andrey V. , Efimov Nikolay N.
Published: December 2020

Exchange reactions of LnCl3 and CymCO2K in aqueous‐organic medium in the presence of diethylene glycol (DEG) bring about isostructural tetranuclear cluster complexes with linear core, [Ln4(CymCO2)12(O(CH2CH2OH)2)2(H2O)4] ⋅ 2THF (Ln=Nd (1), Gd (2), Tb (3), Dy (4), Ho (5); Cym=(η5‐C5H4)Mn(CO)3). The complexes have centrosymmetric structure and contain two types of Ln3+ coordination centers. Thermal decomposition of the complexes under argon and air atmospheres was studied; in the latter case it brings about mixed oxides LnMn2O5 as one of the products. The complexes 1–5 were characterized by dc‐ and ac‐magnetic measurements. Complexes of Nd, Gd, and Dy exhibit the properties of single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) with remagnetization barriers Δeff/kB of 14 K for 1 under 2500 Oe dc‐field, 13 K for 2 under 1500 Oe dc‐field, and with two barriers, 18 and 19 K, for 4 in zero field. The presence of field‐induced slow relaxation of the magnetization detected for the complex 2 is a rare case for Gd complexes.
Synthesis, Structure and Electronic Properties of Three Tin Oxide Halides
Authors: Löber Manuel , Geißenhöner Chris Steve , Ströbele Markus , Romao Carl P. , Meyer Hans‐Jürgen
Published: December 2020

Three tin oxide halides, Sn7O4Cl6, Sn7O4Br6, and Sn4OI6, were synthesized by solid‐state reactions of SnO and SnX2 (X=Cl, Br, I) at 300 °C. Crystal structures were solved and refined from single crystal X‐ray diffraction data, revealing the presence of cubane‐like [Sn4O4] units in the structures of Sn7O4Cl6 and Sn7O4Br6. The electronic structure of Sn7O4Cl6 was analyzed by DFT band structure calculations and the electron localization function (ELF).
Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde by Water‐Soluble Ruthenium(II) Phosphine Complexes: A DFT Study on the Selectivity and Viability of trans‐Dihydride Pathways
Authors: Fehér Péter Pál , Joó Ferenc , Papp Gábor , Purgel Mihály
Published: December 2020

Apart from the important trans‐dihydrido‐transition metal catalysts containing polydentate phosphine, diamine or pincer‐type ligands, the catalytic role of trans‐dihydride complexes with monodentate ligands is generally neglected given their inferior thermodynamic stability compared to the cis isomers. This way however, a mechanistic investigation about selectivity loses important details as more prominent catalysts provide multiple competing pathways towards the desired product. Here, we used the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde as model reaction to gain theoretical insight about whether the water soluble ruthenium trans‐dihydride complexes, trans‐[Ru(II)H2P3L] (P=PPh3 in the model, monosulfonated PPh3 (mtppms) in experiments, L=H2O or P), are, indeed, feasible catalytic species as suggested on the basis of experimental investigations. After evaluating numerous catalytic cycles, we found that the consideration of thermodynamically accessible trans‐dihydrides provides two viable competing reaction channels. The key feature of the mechanisms is the inclusion of explicit solvent (water) molecules, which allows the separation of substrate hydrogenation from the rate determining catalyst regeneration, where the H−H activation occurs. We found that the former determines the selectivity towards carbonyl hydrogenation through the more favorable hydride transfer to the carbonyl carbon.
Acid/Alkali‐Proof Fire‐Resistant Inorganic Paper Comprising Fibers Assembled from Barium Sulfate Nanorods
Authors: Wu Jin , Zhu Ying‐Jie
Published: December 2020

In this work, barium sulfate (BS) fibers with a three‐level nanorod‐assembled hierarchical structure have been synthesized in a large scale by the barium oleate precursor hydrothermal method. A new kind of anti‐acid and anti‐alkali fire‐resistant BS inorganic paper has been developed using BS fibers, glass fibers and inorganic adhesive, and it has advantages such as high flexibility, good tensile strength, excellent fire‐resistant properties, excellent corrosion resistance to strong acids and strong alkalis. It is expected that the anti‐acid anti‐alkali fire‐resistant BS paper has promising applications under various high‐temperature and harsh conditions.
Mixing Polyaromatic Scaffolds and Main Group Elements: Synthesis, Coordination and Optical Properties of Naphthyl‐Fused Heteropines
Authors: Delouche Thomas , Roisnel Thierry , Dorcet Vincent , Hissler Muriel , Bouit Pierre‐Antoine
Published: December 2020

In this article, we describe the synthesis of polyaromatic heteropines including main group element (Phosphorus, Germanium) through Ni or Cu‐mediated C−C coupling. Coordination complexes were synthesized with the σ3,λ3‐phosphepines using different metal ions (Au(I), Re(I), Pd(II)) showing that these P‐heterocycles display the classical reactivity of two‐electrons P‐donor making them promising ligands. The optical properties were experimentally studied (UV‐vis absorption and emission) and compared. Finally, both polyaromatic germepine and phosphepine appear as interesting building blocks for optoelectronics.
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers in Alginate Microgels for the Delivery of Astaxanthin
Authors: Huang Juan , Xie Wenjing , Liu Lu , Song Yucong , Pan Fang , Bai Hua , Pan Ting , Lv Yiwen , Chen Jianchu , Shi Jianqiang , Hu Xiaojia
Published: December 2020

This study aims to enhance the stability and bioavailability of astaxanthin by loading it into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), then incorporating the NLCs into alginate microgels. The NLCs (about 200 nm particle size) and alginate microgels (about 1 mm particle size) are prepared using high‐pressure homogenization and injection‐gelation methods, respectively. Based on in vitro dissolution assessments, the astaxanthin in alginate microgels dissolves more slowly than that in NLCs. In simulated gastric digestive juice, minimal dissolution of microgel‐embedded astaxanthin is detected; however, in simulated intestinal digestive juice, the dissolution is appreciably accelerated. Moreover, the 2 h bio‐accessibility of astaxanthin in microgels is less than that in NLCs. At higher concentrations of sodium alginate and calcium ions, the internal pores of the microgels become smaller, resulting in slower dissolution and lower bio‐accessibility of astaxanthin. As for the chemical stability of the pigment, it is improved by the secondary coating effect of hydrogelation. Hence, NLC incorporation into alginate microgels constitutes a promising strategy for the encapsulation of astaxanthin in the food industry.

Practical applications : Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) incorporated in alginate microgels can increase the water solubility of astaxanthin, improve its chemical stability, increase its bioavailability, and allow for its controlled release. The high‐pressure homogenization method used to prepare NLCs can be easily applied on an industrial level. Moreover, the operation conditions of the injection‐gelation process needed to synthesize the alginate microgels are mild, nontoxic, and nonpolluting. The NLC‐alginate microgels can be used in yogurt, ice cream, and other foods.
Synthesis of Peptido RNAs from Unprotected Peptides and Oligoribonucleotides via Coupling in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Räuchle Maximilian , Leveau Gabrielle , Richert Clemens
Published: December 2020

Peptido RNAs are hybrid molecules with a phosphoramidate link between the N‐terminus of a peptide and the 5'‐phosphate of an oligoribonucleotide. Such species are formed in spontaneous co‐oligomerizations of amino acids and ribonucleotides in aqueous condensation buffer. To shed light on the properties of these fascinating molecules, a synthetic method for their preparation in monodisperse form is needed. Herein, we report how peptido RNAs can be prepared via solution‐phase coupling of unprotected peptides and oligoribonucleotides in aqueous solution. The preferred protocol uses pre‐activation of the 5'‐phosphate of the RNA as an imidazolide at pH 6.5, followed by precipitation and coupling to the peptide at pH 8 with an organocatalyst. The procedure gave peptido RNAs from water‐soluble peptides and synthetic oligoribonucleotides in up to 68 % yield. The method is convenient and inexpensive and can produce NMR quantities, opening the door to the systematic exploration of the chemistry of peptido RNAs.
trans‐Cyclooctenes as Chiral Ligands in Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Additions
Authors: Nagano Tagui , Einaru Shunsuke , Shitamichi Kenta , Asano Keisuke , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: December 2020

trans‐Cyclooctenes serve as asymmetric ligands for the rhodium‐catalyzed 1,4‐additions of organotin reagents to enones. We demonstrate, for the first time, that these chiral olefins can provide efficient coordination spheres for asymmetric metal catalysis. As the asymmetric environment around the reaction site is constructed by the trans‐cyclooctene framework, the introduction of a substituent at the allylic position further improves enantioselectivity to 93 % ee. These findings provide new chiral framework designs for the asymmetric ligands of metal catalysts.
Palladium Supported on Silk Fibroin for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Rizzo Giorgio , Albano Gianluigi , Lo Presti Marco , Milella Antonella , Omenetto Fiorenzo G. , Farinola Gianluca M.
Published: December 2020

Silk fibroin supported Pd (Pd/SF) has been prepared and used as catalyst in Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions in water/ethanol (4:1 v/v) mixture. The reactions proceed rapidly with aryl iodides and boronic acids with different electronic properties using low metal loading (0.38 mol‐%). Pd/SF exhibits better recyclability compared to other biopolymer‐supported Pd catalysts, up to nineteen cycles without loss of activity.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Heterocycles from Aryldiazoacetates**
Authors: Kristoffersen Tone , Elumalai Vijayaragavan , Starck Eliot , Cousin Étienne , Wagner Lucille J. , Hansen Stephanie R. , Hansen Jørn H.
Published: December 2020

Herein, we describe a rapid microwave‐assisted, metal‐free synthesis of substituted quinoxalinones and quinoxalines using the carbene‐mediated reaction between aryldiazo esters and 1,2‐diamines. The reaction can encompass a range of substituents and structural variations to afford quinoxalin‐2‐ones in 14–80 % yield and corresponding quinoxalines in good to excellent yields upon oxidation (67–96 %). The approach can be employed to generate symmetrical and unsymmetrical 2,3‐diarylquinoxalines, bis‐quinoxalines as well as novel quinoxaline‐substituted diazo esters and should be a valuable addition to the heterocycle synthesis toolbox.
When Indoles Meet Allene and its Derivatives
Authors: Alonso José M. , Muñoz María Paz
Published: December 2020

The allene functional group and the indole ring have emerged as recurring building blocks in organic chemistry due to their diverse reactivity and straightforward preparation. In addition, the biological properties and natural occurrence of indole give a remarkable added‐value to newly‐prepared indole‐based structures. In the last decade, the combination of allenes and indoles as co‐reactants has revealed a fruitful reactivity allowing the synthesis of complex structures and the investigation of new mechanistic pathways, such as the challenging asymmetric nucleophilic addition using optically pure allenes as chirality transfer agents, the double nucleophilic addition through metal carbene intermediates, or novel hybrid catalysis in a bimetallic system. Herein we report a critical review into the wide and fascinating ways allenes and indoles can interact, and the structural diversity that can be therefore achieved.
Two‐Step Procedure for the Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐quinolines
Authors: Warsitz Michael , Doye Sven
Published: December 2020

A new two‐step procedure that includes an initial regioselective intermolecular hydroaminoalkylation of ortho‐chlorostyrenes with N‐methylanilines and a subsequent intramolecular Buchwald–Hartwig amination gives direct access to 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines. The hydroaminoalkylation reaction of the ortho‐chlorostyrenes is catalyzed by a 2,6‐bis(phenylamino)pyridinato titanium complex which delivers the linear regioisomers with high selectivities. In addition, the formation of unexpected dihydroaminoalkylation products from styrenes and N‐methylanilines is reported.
Preparation, Characterization, and Reactivity of Aliphatic Amino Iodane(III) Reagents
Authors: Zhang Yue , Lu Jing , Lan Tianlei , Cheng Shaoling , Liu Wei , Chen Chao
Published: December 2020

The preparation of a new class of aliphatic amino iodane(III) reagents has been realized with the N‐TMS−amine and acetoxybenziodazole participated in the formation of N−I bond. The amino‐containing iodane(III) reagent 2 d was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, which revealed the expected hypervalent iodane distorted T‐shaped geometry. A practical copper‐catalyzed, directed electrophilic amination of aryl amines employing amino‐iodane(III) as amination agents was disclosed that proceeded smoothly without external additives.
Silver‐Catalyzed Acyl Nitrene Transfer Reactions Involving Dioxazolones: Direct Assembly of N‐Acylureas
Authors: Yang Zheng‐Lin , Xu Xin‐Liang , Chen Xue‐Rong , Mao Zhi‐Feng , Zhou Yi‐Feng
Published: December 2020

Dioxazolones and isocyanides are useful synthetic building blocks, and have attracted significant attention from researchers. However, the silver‐catalyzed nitrene transfer reaction of dioxazolones has not been investigated to date. Herein, a silver‐catalyzed acyl nitrene transfer reaction involving dioxazolones, isocyanides, and water was realized in the presence of Ag2O to afford a series of N‐acylureas in moderate to good yields.
Comparison of preconcentration methods for nontargeted analysis of natural waters using HPLC‐HRMS: Large volume injection versus solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Kutlucinar Kaan Georg , Hann Stephan
Published: December 2020

Nontargeted analysis of water samples using liquid chromatography combined with high‐resolution mass spectrometers is an emerging approach for surface water monitoring and evaluation of water treatment processes. In this study, sample preconcentration via direct, large volume injection with 500 μL and 1000 μL injection volumes was compared to SPE regarding analytical performance parameters in targeted and nontargeted workflows. In targeted analysis, the methods were evaluated in terms of LOD and intrabatch precision of the selected compounds, whereas in nontargeted analysis, the number of detected unknown compounds, the method's intra‐batch precision, and the retention time versus molecular mass pattern of the detected unknowns were evaluated. In addition, a novel intensity drift correction method was developed that is not based on quality control samples and makes use of the signals obtained for continuously infused reference compounds, which are conventionally utilized for online mass drift correction. It could be demonstrated that the new correction method significantly reduced the bias introduced by instrumental drift and is important for the reliable intercomparison of different nontargeted methods. Intercomparison of results showed that the 1000 μL large volume injection method revealed the best performance in terms of precision under repeatability conditions of measurement as well as lower LODs for targeted compound analysis. In nontargeted analysis, the SPE method detected a higher number of unknown compounds but exhibited also a higher uncertainty of measurement caused by matrix effects.
Approximate analytic expressions for the electrophoretic mobility of spherical soft particles
Authors: Ohshima Hiroyuki
Published: December 2020

Approximate analytic expressions are derived for the electrophoretic mobility of a weakly charged spherical soft particle consisting of the particle core covered with a surface layer of polymers in an electrolyte solution. The particle core and the surface polymer layer may be charged or uncharged. The obtained electrophoretic mobility expressions, which involve neither numerical integration nor exponential integrals, are found to be in excellent agreement with the exact numerical results. It is also found that the obtained mobility expressions reproduce all the previously derived limiting expressions and approximate analytic expressions for the electrophoretic mobility of a weakly charged spherical soft particle.