bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Immunological and Physiological Parameters Levels in Iraq Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Alshammary Rusul A.A , Jouda Jamela , Al-Salihy Adil A. S
Published: October 2023

Some studies suggested that dysfunction of immune and endocrine systems could link with neurodevelopment disorder and immunopathogenesis of ASD. Therefore, the goal of this research is to examine the level of some immunological and physiological indicators in an effort to identify a new biomarker for ASD. In the current study, there were 72 Iraqi kids (both boys and girls), 50 kids with ASD who attended different autism centers in Iraq, and 22 kids without ASD. They were between the ages of 6 and 12. These children’s peripheral venous blood was drawn in order to measure the concentrations of several cytokines, such as (TNF-α and IL-6), cortisol, and WBCs indices and platelets/lymphocytes ratio. The study’s findings revealed: 1) a significantly higher level of TNF- α but not IL-6 in ASD patients when compared to control; 2) a significantly higher level of cortisol in ASD patients compared to controls; and 3) a significantly higher level of lymphocytes and total WBCs but not neutrophils and monocytes. 4) A significant increase in the platelets/lymphocytes ratio. Furthermore, there were no differences in these parameters based on the gender and severity of the autism. As a result, our findings revealed that cytokine level alterations may be crucial in the development of neurological diseases like autism since microglia release large amounts of TNF-α, which plays a significant role in the so-called neuroinflammatory response. An abnormal HPA axis with high or low concentration of cortisol in more than 22% of the ASD was found in our results, which could explain the different reactions of autistic children when exposed to the same situation. So we thought that cytokines, especially TNF-α, and cortisol, may represent a serological marker for autism.
Pharmaceutical Interventions in the Management of Oral Mucositis in Cancer Patients Undergoing Dental Treatments: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vala Dushyantsinh , Gupta Neha , Nayak Prajna P , Mehta Dhaval Niranjan , Alam Md Waquar , Kumar Santosh
Published: October 2023

Benzydamine hydrochloride, chlorhexidine as mouthwash, amifostine, palifermin, and a placebo were the five treatments that were investigated in this study. Oral mucositis is a common adverse effect of cancer treatment, and this study aimed to analyse and compare the effectiveness of these treatments. For the purpose of evaluating the treatments, we used descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and rigorous tests to determine whether or not the means were equal. We took into account standard scores, deviations from the mean, and statistically significant differences. The data showed significant differences in the mean scores of each treatment group (p 0.001), indicating that different treatments had different levels of effectiveness in treating oral mucositis. Benzydamine hydrochloride consistently had superior mean scores and lower standard deviations compared to chlorine dioxide mouthwash, amifostine, palifermin, and the placebo. Oral mucositis may be treated with a variety of different medications, however the research suggests that benzydamine hydrochloride in is the most successful option. These results have significant ramifications for the decisions that should be made for therapy based on evidence, and they highlight the need to compare the relative efficacy of the many drugs used to treat oral mucositis. Additional research is required to examine the underlying mechanisms and unique treatment responses, which will pave the way for more individualised and effective treatment approaches.
Design of Mouth Dissolving Polyherbal Films for Dental Caries
Authors: M Sushma , VL Ashoka Babu , Furtado Sharon C , R Aishwarya , N Jyothi Lakshmi
Published: October 2023

Oral disease is still a major public health problem across the globe in developed countries as well as developing countries. Dental caries is one of humans’ oldest and most prevalent diseases or conditions of factor situations. The present study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of polyherbal film containing extracts of Annona squamosa L, Mentha piperita and Acalypha indica leaves against Streptococcus mutans. The mouth-dissolving poly herbal films were formulated with 1% (OF1), 2% (OF2) and 3% (OF3) extract concentrations. OF3 produced better results than OF1 and OF2 in folding endurance, disintegration time and dissolution time. The antimicrobial properties of the polyherbal films and standard marketed formulations S1 and S2 mouthwash were evaluated against the dental pathogen, S. mutans. OF3 produced a zone of inhibition 18.3 ± 0.21 mm compared to S2 which produced an inhibition zone of 27.0 ± 0.24 mm, whereas S1 has not shown any zone of inhibition. These results indicated that the mouth dissolving poly herbal films could be effective in the treatment of dental caries and gingivitis.
Exploration of In-vitro Antidiabetic Activity of ZnO NPs and Ag NPs Synthesized using Methanolic Extracts of Alpinia mutica and Tradescantia spathaeca Leaves
Authors: Pulipaka Shankaraiah , Suttee Ashish , Kumar M.Ravi , Kasarla Ramesh
Published: October 2023

Diabetes might be cured with the use of medicinal herbs and environmentally friendly production of metallic nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and ZnO NPs. The methanolic leaf extracts of Alpinia mutica and Tradescantia spathaeca were used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), respectively, for in-vitro evaluation. Methanolic leaf extracts of A. mutica and T. spathaeca were used to create AgNPs and ZnO NPs under ambient conditions using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Their ability to block alpha- and beta-amylase confirmed the in-vitro antidiabetic efficacy of methanolic leaf extract of plant (MLEP), AgNPs, and ZnO NPs. In this study, α- amylase activity of ZnO and nanoparticles of silver produced from natural sources will be evaluated in an effort to lessen the toxicity and negative effects of the inhibitor used to treat diabetes. Antidiabetic action was especially impressive in the ZnO and silver nanoparticles produced using methanolic extracts of A. mutica and T. spathaeca. Because of their promising in-vitro antidiabetic action with alpha-amylase activity, MLEP of A. mutica and T. spathaeca, AgNPs, and ZnO NPs show promise for future medical uses.
Development, Optimization, and Validation of a RP-HPLC Method with PDA Detection for the Concurrent Quantification of Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide, and Dolutegravir in Both Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Authors: J Chandrudu , R Gandhimathi
Published: October 2023

A simple, quick, precise and accurate HPLC (reverse phase) approach has been designed and optimized using a chemometric tool to estimate dolutegravir, emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide, respectively. A design of central composite was used to optimize the response surface. As a result of trial and error, the parameters such as rate of solvent flow, buffer pH, and methanol concentration in the solvent system were determined. System responsiveness was estimated using the optimization process’s capacity factor, resolution, and retention time. The separation was achieved by using a solvent system containing 58.90% methanol and 41.10 triethylamine buffer (4.56 pH) at the rate of flow of 0.8 mL per minute on a phenomenex carbon (18) column (150.4 4.6 mm; I.D., 5) under optimal conditions. The duration of retention for emtricitabine was 2.91 minutes, for tenofovir alafenamide it was 6.114 minutes; and for dolutegravir it was 8.824 minutes. A correlation coefficient of 0.9998, 0.9997, and 0.9999 was determined for emtricitabine’s calibration curves from 40 to 200 g/mL, tenofovir alafenamide’s from 5 to 25 g/mL, and emtricitabine’s from 10 to 50 g/mL, respectively. This approach was effective in estimating the simultaneous doses of medications in commercial combination forms
Formulation and Evaluation of Film-Coated Alalevonadifloxacin Mesylate Tablet using Opadry®
Authors: PK Phutane , SA Salunke , SV Kokate , MC Gunde , PB Suruse
Published: October 2023

Purpose: In this work, film-coated tablets of the antibiotic alalevonadifloxacin mesylate (AFM) were made using Opadry® yellow as the film coating material, and their different parameters, including in-vitro drug release, were assessed. Method: Direct compression was used in the production of film-coated tablets of AFM. The film-coating substance was an aqueous coating dispersion that was opadry yellow. In 900 mL of 0.1N HCL solution, the film-coated tablets’ rate of dissolution was assessed. In-vitro drug release was also evaluated. The generated film-coated tablets’ stability was assessed in accordance with ICH recommendations. Result: The coated tablets were subjected to gastrointestinal pH testing to ascertain the effectiveness of the film coating, and high-performance liquid chromatography was used to assess drug release. The coated tablets were in perfect condition. The AFM release satisfied the study’s requirement of being at least after 30 minutes, 80% was dissolved in a 0.5% HCl solution. Conclusion: According to these results, opadry yellow aqueous film coating is a simple, repeatable, and affordable method for creating stable AFM film-coated tablets without changing the properties of the medication release.
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Gallic Acid, Scopoletin, Umbelliferone, and Imperatorin in Bael avaleha
Authors: Nigade Ganesh B , Deodhar Meenakshi N , Chavan Rajashree S
Published: October 2023

Bael avaleha is a semisolid ayurvedic formulation containing the fruit of bael, which acts as an anthelmintic to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and IBS. It strengthens the gastrointestinal tract, heals ulcers, and alleviates abdominal pain. The avleha contains excess sugar, which can result in faster absorption of active ingredients in the biological system. Researchers have begun scrutinizing ayurvedic formulations for quality and consistency, with quality testing being conducted to ensure that the quality of ayurvedic formulations adheres to ayurvedic standards. Phytochemical fingerprinting by spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques is becoming more popular in assessing the efficacy of ayurvedic products. Previous studies evaluated phenolic compounds, flavonoids, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes in Bael fruit using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), HPTLC, and HPLC methods.This study evaluated marketed bael avaleha formulations (BA I and II) for organoleptic characteristics, physical parameters, and phytoconstituents. A UV-vis spectrophotometric study was conducted for quantitative analysis of phytochemicals. The extract of bael avaleha formulations BA I and BA II were found to have a total phenolic content of 42.34 ± 0.090 mg GAE/g and 38.52 ± 0.065 mg GAE/g, a flavonoid content of 14.34 ± 0.070 mg QE/g and 12.42 ± 0.086 mg QE/g, sugar content of 69.44 ± 0.020 mg Glu/g and 67.18 ± 0.065 mg Glu/g, and a reducing sugar content of 31.34 ± 0.025 mg Glu/g and 29.08 ± 0.047 mg Glu/g, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of extract of bael avaleha formulations were recorded in region 4000–400 cm−1 and confirmed the presence of hydroxy group, aromatic C-H stretch, C=C and C-O group. RP-HPLC method was developed and used for the estimation of gallic acid, scopoletin, umbelliferone, and imperatorin in the extract of Bael avaleha formulations
In-silico and In-vitro Studies on Targeting Tumor Apoptosis by Activating Caspase-3
Authors: Sowjanya Akula , Kumar G.Shiva
Published: October 2023

Background: Despite the availability of numerous treatment options, cancer remains the primary cause of death in the current decade. The present study integrates computational and experimental methods to identify and develop a novel promising compound with anticancer properties. The study aims to evaluate the potential anticancer properties of selected molecules based on docking score, compliance with Lipinski’s rule of five, and in-silico safety prediction. Structure drug design by molecular docking methods was used to explore ligand conformations at various target binding sites. The in-silico physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicology properties of designed molecules were predicted using online software. Further, in-vitro, anticancer properties were studied by MTT Assay and flow cytometry. Results: 2-Butyl-3- (3, 5-diiodo-4- hydroxybenzoyl) benzofuran is one of the selected ligands showed potent anticancer activity against HT- 29 (Human Colon Cancer) cells and A549 (Human lung cancer) at IC50 concentrations. Further apoptosis studies demonstrated the possible mode of action against HT-29 cells. The proposed mechanism of action may be caspase-3 activation. As a consequence of caspase-3 activation, enzymes such as DNase are activated, leading to DNA fragmentation and apoptosis, and DNA fragmentation was 6.5 times greater than in untreated cells. The IC50 concentration of 2-Butyl-3- (3, 5-diiodo-4- hydroxybenzoyl) benzofuran inhibited 50% of HT-29 cells during G0/G1 phase. Conclusion: This research contributes to the burgeoning field of integrated in-vitro and in-silico analysis of biological systems, which can be used to study complicated cancer cell population dynamics. Future studies should investigate the impact on Human lung cancer cells.
Confidence in Oral Cancer Awareness among Undergraduate Health Profession University Students at Al-Quds University
Authors: Qawasmeh Nour , Assaf Mohammad , Noyun Deniz
Published: October 2023

Background: Oral cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. Still, awareness of this disease among undergraduate health profession university students is insufficient. Many students lack an understanding of risk factors and early signs of oral cancer. Therefore rises a need to increase awareness of oral cancer among health profession graduates so that they may be trained to recognize, diagnose, and properly manage this potentially deadly disease. Method: This study aimed to assess the current awareness and knowledge in oral cancer, focusing on prevention, early detection and adequate referral amongst undergraduate students studying a healthcare profession at Al-Quds University. This was a qualitative survey conducted among 64 senior students at various health profession undergraduate programs. The survey was distributed online and included questions about prevention, early detection, adequate referral, and overall confidence. Results: The results of the survey indicate that dental students had a higher confidence level in the subject of oral cancer than non-dental students, with the highest levels of confidence in prevention and lower levels of confidence in adequate referral. Additionally, the results suggest that a larger proportion of non-dental students showed lower confidence in the survey, and a higher proportion of dental students showed higher confidence. Conclusion: In conclusion, this survey revealed that dental students had a higher level of confidence in the areas of prevention, early detection, and overall confidence than non-dental students. Additionally, more emphasis on these aspects is recommended for all health profession students in necessary.
Stability Indicating LC-MS/MS Method Development and Validation for the Quantification of Cabotegravir in Biological Samples
Authors: Sankar Palakollu D S , Panigrahi Naresh
Published: October 2023

The major goal of current research study was to create a sensitive tandem mass spectrometric method using electrospray ionisation and liquid chromatography for quantifying cabotegravir in biological matrices. A stationary Phenomenex C18 column with dimensions of 50 × 4.6 mm and 5.0 μm particle size of was used to achieve chromatographic elution. With the flowing rate of 0.80 mL/min, isocratic separation was done using methanol and 0.10% V/V HCOOH in a fraction of 85:15 V/V as the mobile phasic system. For drug and internal standard separation, liquid-liquid extraction was carried out using methanol and ethyl acetate (1:4) solvent solution. On repeated reaction monitoring, fragment and product ionic values were seen at m/z 406.12→142.04 for cabotegravir and 450.12→160.03 for bictegravir internal standard. Drug’s linearity graph had a r2 value of 0.9998 and was rectilinear at concentrations between 400 and 16000 ng/mL. The inter- and intra-batch accuracy %relative standard deviation values ranged from 2.54 to 5.21. The percent recovery results of the lower quality control (LQC), median quality control (MQC), and higher quality control (HQC) sample solutions were 102.85, 97.84, and 94.27%, respectively. This approach has excellent recoveries. Studies on stability were processed under various circumstances, and stability values ranged from 92.93 to 103.89%. When exposed to various stability conditions, cabotegravir is more steady for a longer time, and the approach was successfully applicable to routine examination of cabotegravir in biological samples.
Antitussive Activity of Alcoholic Extract of Piper longum Linn.
Authors: Bedse Anjali , Nalawade Ashwini , Kamandar Pallavi , Wagh Anita , Mahajan Komal , Raut Shilpa , Dhamane Suchita
Published: October 2023

The l-phellandrene and caryophyllene found in Piper longum fruits are effective against a wide range of infections, including stomachic, bronchitis, spleen, cough, tumor, and asthma. This study reports preparing and characterizing alcohol-soluble extract of P. longum L. fruit powder. FTIR spectroscopy and TLC were used to characterize an alcoholic extract of P. longum. P. longum L. alcohol soluble extract was tested for its anti-tussive efficacy using the standard mouse cough model caused by ammonia liquor. Cough frequency was inhibited by 49.51% (Marketed formulation), 50.84% (Extract 100 mg/kg), 62.71% (Extract 200 mg/kg). Statistically significant (p <0.001) difference was observed in %inhibition of cough frequency of both doses of extract when compared with the marketed formulation. This study reveals an anti-tussive activity of alcohol soluble extract of P. longum L.
Pharmaceutical Waste Disposal Current Practices and Regulations: Review
Authors: M H Ingale , M C Tayade , Y P Patil , R H Salunkhe
Published: October 2023

The improper disposal of pharmaceutical waste has become an increasingly important environmental and public health concern in recent years. Pharmaceutical waste includes unused, expired, or unwanted medications that can be harmful if they end up in the environment or are improperly handled. This can include prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and veterinary drugs. Pharmaceutical waste can be generated by a variety of sources, including healthcare facilities, households, and veterinary clinics. Improper disposal of these medications can lead to water and soil contamination, as well as potential harm to wildlife and humans. In addition, pharmaceutical waste can contribute to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance and other environmental issues. To address these concerns, various disposal methods have been developed to ensure the safe and effective management of pharmaceutical waste. These methods include disposal in the trash, take-back programs, incineration, and landfill disposal. However, there is still a need for improved awareness and education on proper disposal practices among healthcare professionals, patients, and the general public. This review article aims to provide an overview of the current practices and regulations related to pharmaceutical waste disposal and the challenges and opportunities for improvement in this area. Through a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on this topic, this article will highlight the importance of proper pharmaceutical waste disposal and the need for continued research and policy interventions to ensure a safe and sustainable approach. Our article highlights the importance of proper pharmaceutical waste disposal and the need for improved awareness and education on this topic among healthcare professionals, patients, and the general public.
Une grille de structures atmosphériques non-LTE entièrement recouvertes de lignes et des spectres synthétiques pour les sous-naines
Authors: Pacheco Thayse A. , Levenhagen Ronaldo S. , Diaz Marcos P. , Coelho Paula R. T.
Published: October 2023

We present an update of the grid of detailed atmosphere models and homogeneous synthetic spectra for hot, high-gravity subdwarf stars. High-resolution spectra and synthetic photometry were calculated in the wavelength range 1,000 Å – 10,000 Å using Non-LTE extensively line-blanketed atmosphere structures.
Unveiling Autophagy and Aging Through Time-Resolved Imaging of Lysosomal Polarity with a Delayed Fluorescent Emitter
Authors: Das Subhadeep , Batra Abhilasha , Kundu Subhankar , Sharma Rati , Patra Abhijit
Published: October 2023

Detecting the lysosomal microenvironmental changes like viscosity, pH, and polarity during their dynamic interorganelle interactions remains an intriguing area that facilitates the elucidation of cellular homeostasis. The subtle variation of physiological conditions can be assessed by deciphering the lysosomal microenvironments during lysosome-organelle interactions, closely related to autophagic pathways leading to various cellular disorders. Herein, we shed light on the dynamic lysosomal polarity in live cells and a multicellular model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), through time-resolved imaging employing a thermally activated delayed fluorescent probe, DC-Lyso. The highly photostable and cytocompatible DC-Lyso rapidly labels the lysosomes (within 1 min of incubation) and exhibits red luminescence and polarity-sensitive long lifetime under the cellular environment. The distinct variation in the fluorescence lifetime of DC-Lyso suggests an increase in local polarity during the lysosomal dynamics and interorganelle interactions, including lipophagy and mitophagy. The lifetime imaging analysis reveals increasing lysosomal polarity as an indicator for probing the successive development of C. elegans during aging. The in vivo microsecond timescale imaging of various cancerous cell lines and C. elegans, as presented here, therefore, expands the scope of delayed fluorescent emitters for unveiling complex biological processes.
Evaluating the Economic and Environmental Benefits of Deploying a National-Scale, Thermo-Chemical Plastic Waste Upcycling Infrastructure in the United States
Authors: Erickson Evan , Ma Jiaze , Tominac Philip , Aguirre-Villegas Horacio , Zavala Victor
Published: October 2023

Existing plastic recycling infrastructure largely relies on mechanical recycling technologies, which are capable of processing only a small subset of waste plastics. Emerging chemical technologies can “upcycle” plastic waste by producing high-value products (e.g., olefins that can be used to produce virgin-grade polymers) and are more scalable, as they can process a broader range of waste plastics (e.g., complex mixtures obtained from post-consumer and post-industrial waste). In this work, we study the economic and environmental benefits of deploying an upcycling infrastructure in the continental United States for producing low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP) from post-consumer plastic waste. Our analysis aims to determine the market (economy) size that the infrastructure can create, the degree of circularity that it can achieve, prices for waste and derived products, and environmental benefits of diverting plastic waste from landfill and incineration facilities. The analysis is based on a computational framework that integrates techno-economic analysis, lifecycle assessment, and value chain (supply chain) optimization. Our results demonstrate that the infrastructure generates a market (economy) of nearly 20 billion USD; moreover, we show high market values of upcycled products propagate through the value chain to create positive prices for plastic waste (generating significant incentives for residents to provide their waste). In other words, upcycling technologies open opportunities for residents to receive compensation for providing their plastic waste (waste is a valuable commodity in the infrastructure). Our analysis also indicates that the infrastructure can achieve a degree of circularity of 34% (relative to the total rates of residential plastic waste produced) and leads to significant environmental benefits over alternative waste disposal methods (decreases greenhouse gas emissions of incineration by 69-75\% and avoids the deployment of 86 new landfills over the next 50 years). Uncertainty analysis also reveals that the economy generated by the infrastructure is robust (remains viable) under various externalities (e.g., technology efficiencies, capital investment budgets, and polymer market values).
Nanopatterned Monolayers of Bioinspired, Sequence-Defined Polypeptoid Brushes for Semiconductor/Bio Interfaces
Authors: Yu Beihang , Chang Boyce , Loo Whitney , Dhuey Scott , O'Reilly Padraic , Ashby Paul , Connolly Michael , Tikhomirov Grigory , Zuckermann Ronald , Ruiz Ricardo
Published: October 2023

The ability to control and manipulate semiconductor/bio interfaces is essential to enable biological nanofabrication pathways and new bioelectronic devices. Traditional surface functionalization methods, like self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), provide limited customization for these interfaces. Polymer brushes offer a wider range of chemistries, but choices that maintain compatibility with both lithographic patterning and biological systems are scarce. Here we developed a class of bioinspired, sequence-defined polymers, i.e., polypeptoids, as tailored polymer brushes for surface modification of semiconductor substrates. Polypeptoids featuring a terminal hydroxyl (–OH) group are designed and synthesized for efficient melt grafting onto the native oxide layer of Si substrates, forming ultrathin (~1 nm) monolayers. By programming monomer chemistry, our polypeptoid brush platform offers versatile surface modification, including adjustments to surface energy, passivation, preferential biomolecule attachment, and specific biomolecule binding. Importantly, the polypeptoid brush monolayers remain compatible with electron-beam lithographic patterning and retain their chemical characteristics even under harsh lithographic conditions. Electron-beam lithography is used over polypeptoid brushes to generate highly precise, binary nanoscale patterns with localized functionality for the selective immobilization (or passivation) of biomacromolecules such as DNA origami or streptavidin onto addressable arrays. This surface modification strategy with bioinspired, sequence-defined polypeptoid brushes enables monomer-level control over surface properties with a large parameter space of monomer chemistry and sequence, and therefore is a highly versatile platform to precisely engineer semiconductor/bio interfaces for bioelectronics applications.
Looking Beyond the Obvious: Rereading the Message of the Mosaics
Authors: DE JESUS DURAN KREMER Maria
Published: October 2023

When we look at the mosaic pavements that have come down to us over the centuries, it is easy to see that many of the patterns chosen were part of a decorative grammar that reflected a world view adapted to the geographical area, the social class and the time when the mosaic was built. The dawn of Christianity in the Roman Empire was no exception: traditional patterns were “adopted” by the new religion, in a discourse adapted to the moment in time and to the local social and political evolution. An adoption which at a certain moment allowed a veiled identification as a follower of the new religion. In the present intervention, the author proposes to present an analysis of the evolution of some of these patterns in the light of the Christianisation in the westernmost part of Lusitania.
The Marine Mosaics in Late Antique Thrace
Authors: TOPALILOV Ivo
Published: October 2023

It is assumed that marine mosaics were among the most popular mosaic pavements across the Roman Empire, particularly in thermal baths and triclinia. It has therefore been thought unsurprising that marine mosaics widely appear in Early Christian art. Late antique Thrace does not appear to be an exception to this trend, although few examples of such mosaics have been discovered so far. This article addresses all three examples from a villa suburbana in Serdica region as well as other examples from houses in Philippopolis and Augusta Traiana. All dated to the 4th century, these mosaic pavements hold different iconography that suggest that in the marine theme was not among the most popular themes that spread in Late Antique mosaics in the cities of inner Thrace. Instead, their use is attributable to specific historical circumstances such as Julian’s advance into Thrace in 361-362 or the explicit desire and needs of a house owner to present himself as a wealthy merchant to guests. The Philippopolitan mosaic with ‘classical’ iconography may have had a Christian meaning as well. Although this study lacks the necessary support of additional examples, perhaps awaiting discovery at Thrace’s coastal cities, it is a preliminary step toward more accurately gauging the distribution of marine mosaics in Thrace and their role in the development of mosaic art in the region in Late Antiquity.
Tryphe ve Bios Mozaiği’nin İkonografik ve İkonolojik Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÜNSAL Nur Deniz , ŞAHİN Derya
Published: October 2023

Özellikle Roma Dönemi ile birlikte büyük bir ilgiyle kamu ve özel yapıların dekorasyonunda kullanılan mozaik kaplamalar repertuvar açısından oldukça zengindir. Bu mozaiklerin büyük bir bölümünü mitolojik konulu tasarımlar oluşturur. Bunların içinde özellikle tanrı ve tanrıça personifikasyonlarının yanı sıra bazı alegorik temsillerde ön plana çıkmıştır. Alegori basitçe bir kavram ya da düşüncenin daha iyi anlaşılması amacıyla somutlaştırma ya da görselleştirme olarak düşünülebilir. Greko-Romen geleneğin mozaiklere yansıtılmasında özellikle ahlaki ve kişisel değerlerin oldukça ön planda tutulduğuna şahit oluruz. Bu bakış açısıyla Tryphe ve Bios gibi, rahat yaşam ve lüksü sembolize eden tasarımlar oldukça farklı ve çeşitlidir. Çalışmanın konusunu, bu örneklerden birini temsil eden ve bugün Kanada’nın Toronto şehrindeki Ontario Kraliyet Müzesi’nde sergilenen Tryphe ve Bios Mozaiği oluşturmaktadır. Suriye Emesa kökenli olduğu düşünülen ve yaklaşık İS 350-400 yıllarına tarihlenen mozaiğin detaylı tanımı yapılarak, ikonografik ve ikonolojik açıdan değerlendirilecektir
Mozaik Araştırmalarında Kullanılan Arkeometrik Yöntemler ve Örnekleri
Authors: AYDIN Mahmut
Published: October 2023

Günümüzde mozaiklerden elde edilecek bilgi sadece motiflerin görsel olarak incelemelerinden ibaret değildir. Tahribatsız ve tahribatlı arkeometrik yöntemler kullanılarak mozaiklerden elde edilecek bilimsel bilgi en üst seviyeye çıkarılabilmektedir. Mozaiklerde kullanılabilecek en yaygın arkeometrik yöntemler tahribatsız olanlardır; mozaiklerde kullanılan renk sayısı ve tonları taşınabilir (Munsell katalog kodunu veren) dijital renk ölçer ile tespit edilebilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra taşınabilir X Işını Floresans Spektrometresi (P-EDXRF) ile tahribatsız bir şekilde taşları oluşturan elementler tespit edilerek tesseraların türleri belirlenebilmektedir. Cam tesseraların da kimyasal kompozisyonu ve renk vericiler belirlenebilmektedir.

Tahribatlı arkeometrik yöntemlerin kullanılması izinler ve etik açısından her zaman mümkün olmasa da bu yöntemlerden elde edilecek bilimsel bilgiler tahribatsız yöntemlere göre daha fazladır ve güvenilirdir. Mozaiklerde kullanılan harç, taş, cam ve pişmiş toprak tesseraların türlerinin ve içeriklerinin belirlenmesinde yaygın kullanılabilecek arkeometrik yöntemler de şunlardır; petrografik analizler, dalga dağılımlı X Işını Floresans Spektrometresi (WDXRF), Kütle Spektrometresi ve X Ray Detektörlü Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM-EDX)’dur. Bu yöntemler kullanılarak cam tesseraların kimyasal kompozisyonu, renk verici kimyasallar, üretim hataları, bozulma nedenleri ve ikincil kullanım ürünü olup olmadığı (geri dönüşüm) gibi bilgiler elde edilebilmektedir. Taş tesseralarda ise tahribatlı arkeometrik yöntemler kullanılarak taş türü ve kökeninin belirlenmesi yapılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada yazarın mozaikler üzerinde bizzat yürüttüğü arkeometrik yöntemler ve elde ettiği sonuçlar paylaşılacaktır.
CONCEPTS OF INSECT PARASITES IN THE RUSSIAN AND FRENCH LANGUAGE PICTURES OF THE WORLD
Authors: Shugaeva Ekaterina
Published: October 2023

This article focuses on the study a person's worldview under the influence of their mother tongue and the culture it reflects. The article examines the notion of a picture of the world as a set of concepts, which includes a cultural and historical component and has an emotional colouring. The notion of the language picture of the world, which lies in the ethnospecific totality of human knowledge, imprinted by him in the language form, is also considered in close connection with the concept of the picture of the world. The article presents a comparative analysis of the concepts of insect parasites: "flea", "louse", "bedbug" in the Russian and French language pictures of the world. While examining these concepts the author studies signifier of a lexical unit and ethno-cultural layers, without which a lexical unit is not conceived by native speakers. A special role in the analysis of the concepts "flea", "louse" and "bedbug" is played by phraseological units and proverbs containing these lexical units. Finally, there are conclusions about the similarities and differences in the perception of the studied concepts in the Russian and French language pictures of the world.
Parametric Optimization of RC Beams Strengthened with FRCM Using FE Modelling and Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Aborahmeh Qusai , Rabie Mohamed , Ebead Usama
Published: October 2023

This study focuses on the numerical and statistical analyses to predict the mid-span moment capacity of RC beams strengthened with fabric reinforcement cementitious mortar (FRCM) laminate. A finite element model (FEM) has been built to simulate twelve RC beams strengthened with two types of FRCM, namely Polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO) FRCM and Carbon (C) FRCM. The FE models were verified based on experimental work available in the literature. The finite element models have shown a good agreement with experimental results in terms of maximum load-carrying capacity, load-deflection curves, and concrete strain values. The numerical simulation was followed by a parametric study on 42 models using face centred response surface methodology (RSM). Combining FEM and RSM, a novel mathematical model has been proposed to predict the mid-span moment capacity of the RC beams strengthened with FRCM. The results of the proposed model have shown optimal predictability with R2 equal to 90.34%. In addition, the proposed model agreed with the ACI design procedures and the existing literature.
Built Environment Attributes and Walking Patterns: A Case Study of Abu Dhabi Downtown
Authors: Baek Jiin
Published: October 2023

Walkability is crucial in sustainable urban design. Our understanding on the walkability in cities in hot and arid climate needs to be improved due to shortage of our knowledge and previous studies about this. Thus, this study aimed to demonstrate the value of sustainable urban design in enhancing downtown Abu Dhabi residents’ walking experience. Urban neighbourhoods’ quality of walking environment and the scale of the downtown’s super block in Abu Dhabi Main Island were measured. In addition, it is examined how its urban design influences walking behaviour by selecting two study sites based on land use diversity. To measure them, the current study investigated the (1) walkable distance in Abu Dhabi; (2) scale of pedestrian movement; and (3) potential purpose of walking patterns of pedestrians of urban infrastructure. Site observation and surveys were carried out for collecting data that supports people’s perceptions linked to walking purpose, quality, frequency, and intensity. To analyse these data, the geographic information system was employed. With this study, walking distance for the utilitarian purpose service in Abu Dhabi block cover by 0.5 miles. There is the active movement regardless of the extreme weather conditions both weekday and weekend. This study data could potentially guide designers and policy-makers to create a healthier walking environment for Abu Dhabi residents as well as some cities in hot and arid climate.
Ganga Riverfront Development at Patna, India: Urban Rejuvenation Project
Authors: Rajak Fulena , Das Bijay Kumar
Published: October 2023

River front project at Patna, India along the river Ganga has rejuvenated the linear city of Patna, India. Patna is a historic city having lived for more than two thousand years. The city has grown linearly on the bank of Ganga. Like other cities of India, it faces the problem of pollution, congestion and lack of public open spaces and recreation spaces. After the completion of River front project, this city has a new life. Once neglected and treated as back yard of city, it has opened up for the residents and has added new avenues of urban open spaces. It has added the recreation space to the city and the happiness index of the city will certainly rise. This paper examines the positive aspects of River front development in the city and how the residents have reacted to it.
Cultural Heritage Tourism as a Catalyst for Urban Regeneration: Case of the Doha Historic Center in Qatar
Authors: Boussaa Djamel
Published: October 2023

Heritage and tourism have become during the last two decades dynamic areas of development in the world. The idea of heritage is crucial to the critical decision-making process as to how irreplaceable resources are to be utilized by people of the present or conserved for future generations in a fast changing world. In view of the importance of ‘heritage’ to the development of a tourist destination the emphasis on developing appropriate adaptive reuse strategies cannot be overemphasized. In October 1999, the 12th general assembly of the ICOMOS in Mexico stated, that in the context of sustainable development, two interrelated issues need urgent attention, cultural tourism and historic towns and cities. Without adequate rehabilitation actions to ensure a sustainable future for these historic resources, may lead to their complete vanishing. According to the World Tourism Organization, natural and cultural heritage resources are and will remain motivating factors for travel in the near future. According to the experts, people choose travel destinations where they can learn about traditional and distinct cultures in their historic context. Historic centers in the Gulf are now being recognized as valuable resources for sustainable development. This paper focuses on the role of heritage tourism and its implications for urban regeneration in the context of Doha in Qatar and Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, in order to use heritage wisely, it will be necessary to position heritage as an essential element of sustainable development, giving particular attention to heritage tourism.
Assessment of Ablution Water Consumption in Mosques
Authors: Al Alawi, Aliya Ali Said , K. Parameswari , Kumarasamy Gopalakrishnan , Al Kaabi Khoula Said
Published: October 2023

In Muslim majority countries, like those of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), ablution is a necessary component to fulfil religious commitments of prayer, thus a significant amount of water is consumed on daily basis with minimal efforts and measures to manage or conserve that water use. This study aims to highlight the importance of redesigning the appliances in the Mosque for ablution purposes to save scarce water. The study assesses the water usage during ritual ablution (wudu- following Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) way) in the Mosques of Oman. The findings from this study can have a global impact, as it can set an example for GCC countries as well as other countries all over the world where ablution is being practiced. Total consumption per capita for performing ritual ablution was measured using the normal tap, sensor tap, and pot. The study found that 7 L is being used while using normal and sensor taps of water per ablution while it could be done with 0.6 L of water. The major conclusion of the study is that current water consumption for ablution in Oman is around 8 times more than that of following Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) way during ablution. Special taps that conserve water and suit the purpose of ablution have to be designed.
Estimation of Blue and Green Water Potentials of Türkiye under Global Climate Change Effects
Authors: Erturk Ali , Cuceloglu Gokhan , Ekdal Alpaslan , Kalfazade Mehmet , Yaykiran Salim , Sabuncugil Asli Ozabali , Tanik Aysegul , Ozturk Izzet
Published: October 2023

This study analyzed the impact of global climate change scenarios on the water resources of Turkiye by means of various climate and hydrological simulations projected for this century. An integrated approach was used by coupling regional climate models and a semi-distributed hydrologic model to assess the climate change impacts. A regional climate model, that is the output of 3 global models (HadGEM2-ES, MPI-ESM-MR and CNRM-CM5.1), has been conducted with RCP4.5 & RCP8.5 emission scenarios for whole the country at the watershed-scale with a resolution of 10x10 km. Hydrological simulations were conducted by using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Model to determine the variation of surface and groundwater resources based on climate change projections. Blue water flow (water yield + deep aquifer recharges), green water storage (soil water), and water surplus/deficit projections have been conducted considering the current and projected status for water-consuming sectors of domestic, industry, agriculture, and ecosystem services. Results attained were further evaluated through statistical methods regarding blue water flow and green water storage potential of the country. The main purpose of the study was to aid the legal authorities, and decision-makers in prioritizing the environmental measures to be taken for mitigation of climate change impacts on Turkiye in the long- run. The work was the first country-wide hydrological modelling study through globally accepted climate change scenarios.
Automated Calibration of the EPA-SWMM Model for an Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on Peak Discharge for a Sub-Urban Catchment of Delhi
Authors: Prakash Ved , Sarmah Dhruba Jyoti , Bhattacharjya Rajib Kumar
Published: October 2023

The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), USA is a dynamic hydrologic-hydraulic model that simulates the amount and quality of runoff from urban areas. It is broadly used for planning, analysing, and designing storm water runoff, combined and sanitary sewers, and other urban drainage systems. SWMM can solely be used to do the modelling of urban drainage systems. However, SWMM can be automated and convert model files to and from GIS data using R programming, allowing for more in-depth analysis and visualization. Automatic calibration is also a promising alternative, ideally supporting a user-independent and time-efficient method for estimating model parameters. This study investigates the impact of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) variation on peak discharge at the outfall of the Najafgarh-Mahipalpur drain during rapid urbanization from 2005 to 2022. The findings show that the historical LULC fluctuation for seventeen years resulted in a nearly 28% rise in the peak flow rate at the outfall, according to SWMM simulation. The findings of this study could serve as a guide for planning and managing urban flooding in cities that are rapidly expanding, particularly in developing countries.
Rainfall Change Projections under Different Climate Change Scenarios in UAE
Authors: Abuzwidah Muamer , Elawady Ahmed , Zeiada Waleed , Abushukair Tala , Al Ali Rafeeah , Al Samahi Soughah , Aflatoon Habiba
Published: October 2023

The increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to human activities is predicted to have significant and lasting effects on the global climate throughout the 21st century. The resulting warming over the past decades has caused various hydrologic and landscape reactions, which may continue and accelerate without proper strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Climate changes due to greenhouse gases have been observed across the world, including in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the Arabian Gulf region. Changes in precipitation patterns can have severe consequences for natural and human systems as precipitation is a crucial part of the hydrological cycle. As the UAE is highly susceptible to climate change, it is necessary to investigate potential local impacts in-depth to develop sustainable adaptation strategies. This study assesses the future changes in precipitation patterns in the UAE under different climate change scenarios, using statistically downscaled results from global climate models (GCMs) and considering two representative concentration pathways (RCPs): RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The study period ranges from 2021 to 2100 and compares it to the observed historical period of 1982 to 2011. The analysis examines precipitation changes at monthly and annual scales. Based on selected GCMs under the two RCPs, the average annual rainfall in the UAE is expected to change by -61% to 88%. This study emphasizes the importance of assessing potential impacts of climate change on precipitation patterns in vulnerable regions such as the UAE and the need to develop adaptation strategies to mitigate these potential impacts.
Vücut Yağ Yüzdesi Tahmini İçin Özellik Seçim Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ALTIPARMAK BİLGİN Asude , BARAKLI Burhan
Published: October 2023

Çağımızın yaygın olarak görülen sağlık problemlerinden biri olan obezite, kişinin yaşam kalitesine olumsuz etkisinin yanında birçok rahatsızlığa da sebep olmaktadır. Vücut yağ yüzdesi, obezitenin teşhis edilmesinde en önemli göstergedir. Vücut yağ yüzdesinin hızlı, kolay, maliyetsiz ve yüksek doğruluk ile belirlenmesi ise en az obezitenin teşhis edilebilmesi kadar önemlidir. Antropometrik verilerden hesaplanabilen vücut yağ yüzdesi değerini makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları ile güvenli bir şekilde hesaplamak mümkündür. Ancak yüksek boyutlu, alakasız ve gereksiz veriler makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarının doğruluğunu saptırmakta ve modelin eğitim süresini arttırmaktadır. Makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarını daha az özellik ile kullanarak daha yüksek doğruluğun elde edilmesini sağlayan özellik seçim algoritmaları bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada vücut yağ yüzdesi tahmini için yedi farklı özellik seçim algoritması karşılaştırılıp daha az özellik ile daha yüksek doğrulukta sonuçların elde edilmesi sağlanmıştır. Özellik seçim yöntemlerinin farklı modellere etkisini incelemek için dört makine öğrenmesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarının eğitim süreleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda özellik seçim yöntemleri kullanılarak daha az özellik ile modelin eğitimi için daha kısa süre harcanarak daha yüksek doğrulukta tahminler elde edilebileceği gösterilmiştir.