bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast Prediction of Injection Pressure and Minimal Front Temperature for Injection Moulding
Authors: Zhao P. , Fu J. , Zhou H. , Yan B.
Published: March 2011

Fast prediction of injection pressure and minimal front temperature can usually be used to optimize the process parameters for injection moulding. In this paper, a fast strip analysis (FSA) model was presented on the basis of a geometric approximation method, which simplifies an original part to a rectangular edge-gated strip. The dimensions of the rectangular strip were calculated through the original part's geometric mesh by using graph theory. Subsequently, a finite difference method was employed to simulate a non-isothermal and unidirectional flow in the strip. Numerical examples show that although FSA model is an approximation method, its results are approximately identical to that of detailed CAE software, while the running time of the proposed model is several magnitudes less than that of CAE software.
Delicacy in Hume's Theory of Taste
Authors: Gracyk Theodore
Published: March 2011

David Hume's celebrated essay ‘Of the Standard of Taste’ is the central text for understanding Hume's aesthetic theory, yet an important claim in that essay has received inadequate attention in the literature. Although it is understood that Hume stresses the importance of delicacy of taste, it is less well understood that this delicacy is a delicacy of imagination, which is distinct from a delicacy of perception. Using both the essay and other texts to elucidate this thesis, it appears that Hume's account of taste faces unresolved difficulties in defending a standard of taste.
Muscarinic Receptor Signaling in Colon Cancer
Authors: Von Rosenvinge Erik C. , Raufman Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2011

According to the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, colon cancer results from accumulating somatic gene mutations; environmental growth factors accelerate and augment this process. For example, diets rich in meat and fat increase fecal bile acids and colon cancer risk. In rodent cancer models, increased fecal bile acids promote colon dysplasia. Conversely, in rodents and in persons with inflammatory bowel disease, low-dose ursodeoxycholic acid treatment alters fecal bile acid composition and attenuates colon neoplasia. In the course of elucidating the mechanism underlying these actions, we discovered that bile acids interact functionally with intestinal muscarinic receptors. The present communication reviews muscarinic receptor expression in normal and neoplastic colon epithelium, the role of autocrine signaling following synthesis and release of acetylcholine from colon cancer cells, post-muscarinic receptor signaling including the role of transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptors and activation of the ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, the structural biology and metabolism of bile acids and evidence for functional interaction of bile acids with muscarinic receptors on human colon cancer cells. In murine colon cancer models, deficiency of subtype 3 muscarinic receptors attenuates intestinal neoplasia; a proof-of-concept supporting muscarinic receptor signaling as a therapeutic target for colon cancer.
Characterisation of the LMS200 Laser Beam under the Influence of Blockage Surfaces. Influence on 3D Scanning of Tree Orchards
Authors: Sanz-Cortiella Ricardo , Llorens-Calveras Jordi , Rosell-Polo Joan R. , Gregorio-Lopez Eduard , Palacin-Roca Jordi
Published: March 2011

The geometric characterisation of tree orchards is a high-precision activity comprising the accurate measurement and knowledge of the geometry and structure of the trees. Different types of sensors can be used to perform this characterisation. In this work a terrestrial LIDAR sensor (SICK LMS200) whose emission source was a 905-nm pulsed laser diode was used. Given the known dimensions of the laser beam cross-section (with diameters ranging from 12 mm at the point of emission to 47.2 mm at a distance of 8 m), and the known dimensions of the elements that make up the crops under study (flowers, leaves, fruits, branches, trunks), it was anticipated that, for much of the time, the laser beam would only partially hit a foreground target/object, with the consequent problem of mixed pixels or edge effects. Understanding what happens in such situations was the principal objective of this work. With this in mind, a series of tests were set up to determine the geometry of the emitted beam and to determine the response of the sensor to different beam blockage scenarios. The main conclusions that were drawn from the results obtained were: (i) in a partial beam blockage scenario, the distance value given by the sensor depends more on the blocked radiant power than on the blocked surface area; (ii) there is an area that influences the measurements obtained that is dependent on the percentage of blockage and which ranges from 1.5 to 2.5 m with respect to the foreground target/object. If the laser beam impacts on a second target/object located within this range, this will affect the measurement given by the sensor. To interpret the information obtained from the point clouds provided by the LIDAR sensors, such as the volume occupied and the enclosing area, it is necessary to know the resolution and the process for obtaining this mesh of points and also to be aware of the problem associated with mixed pixels.
Virtual Surface Characteristics of a Tactile Display Using Magneto-Rheological Fluids
Authors: Lee Chul-Hee , Jang Min-Gyu
Published: March 2011

Virtual surface characteristics of tactile displays are investigated to characterize the feeling of human touch for a haptic interface application. In order to represent the tactile feeling, a prototype tactile display incorporating Magneto-Rheological (MR) fluid has been developed. Tactile display devices simulate the finger’s skin to feel the sensations of contact such as compliance, friction, and topography of the surface. Thus, the tactile display can provide information on the surface of an organic tissue to the surgeon in virtual reality. In order to investigate the compliance feeling of a human finger’s touch, normal force responses of a tactile display under various magnetic fields have been assessed. Also, shearing friction force responses of the tactile display are investigated to simulate the action of finger dragging on the surface. Moreover, different matrix arrays of magnetic poles are applied to form the virtual surface topography. From the results, different tactile feelings are observed according to the applied magnetic field strength as well as the arrays of magnetic poles combinations. This research presents a smart tactile display technology for virtual surfaces.
Use of an interlocking nail-hybrid fixator construct for distal femoral deformity correction in three dogs
Authors: Wendelburg K. M. , Sereda C. W. , Reese D. J. , Wheeler J. L. , Lewis D. D.
Published: March 2011

Our purpose was to report the use of an inter-locking nail-hybrid external fixator construct to correct distal femoral deformities in three dogs. Radiographs, computed tomography and a three-dimensional model were used to plan the surgical procedure. A femoral osteotomy or ostectomy was performed at the level of the centre of rotation of angulation in all three dogs. Angular and rotational deformities were corrected acutely. Distraction osteo-genesis was performed to lengthen each femur postoperatively. All three dogs had additional anatomic abnormalities of the affected hindlimb complicating the correction of the distal femoral deformity. While the interlocking nail-hybrid fixator construct allowed for stable distraction of the femur, all three dogs developed complications during the postoperative convalescent period, and each had some degree of residual lameness. Lengthening the femur following acute deformity correction is problematic and additional experimental and clinical studies are warranted to decrease postoperative morbidity and improve functional results.
Observer variation in the evaluation and classification of severe central tarsal bone fractures in racing Greyhounds
Authors: Innes J. F. , McConnell F. , Guilliard M. J. , Ness M. G. , Hodson D. , Young I. S. , Hercock C. A.
Published: March 2011

Objectives: To determine observer agreement on radiographic evaluation of central tarsal bone (CTB) fractures and compare this with evaluation of the same fractures using computed tomography (CT).

Methods: Radiographs and CT scans were obtained of the right tarsi from limbs of Greyhounds euthanatized after sustaining severe CTB fracture during racing. Four observers described and classified each fracture. Inter- and intra-observer agreements were calculated.

Results: Inter-observer agreement was higher for assessment of fractures using CT. Several fractures assessed by radiography were mis-classified as a less severe type. Intra-observer agreement for assessment and classification of CTB fractures via radiography versus CT was variable. Overall agreement among all four observers was higher for CT than radiography. Additionally, when identifying fractures of the adjacent tarsal bones, observer agreement was higher for CT than radiography.

Clinical significance: Computed tomography improved observer ability to correctly evaluate CTB fracture and detect the degree of displacement and extent of any comminution. Identification of fractures of adjacent tarsal bones was also improved when tarsi were assessed using CT. These data suggest that treatment decisions based solely on radiographic assessment of CTB fractures may not produce the expected outcome.
Effect of use of different landmark methods on determining stifle angle and on calculated tibial tuberosity advancement
Authors: Bowlt K. , Gines J.A. , Owen M. R. , Bush M. A.
Published: March 2011

Objectives: Firstly, to investigate the effect that using different landmarks has on the measured stifle angle. Secondly, to determine whether any differences in measured stifle angle would lead to variations in the required extent of tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA).

Methods: Three greyhound stifles were positioned in a total of 66 different angles. Radiographic exposures of each stifle angle were made. For each radiograph i) the stifle angle was measured using each of three sets of landmarks and ii) the extent of TTA required to obtain a patella tendon angle of 90° was measured. Each radiograph was plotted graphically according to the stifle angle and the extent of TTA required. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate the TTA required for a stifle angle of 135° measured using each of the three landmark sets.

Results: On average, the stifle angle determined by the Long Axes method differed by 18° from the stifle angle determined with the Kinematic method. The stifle angle determined using the Eminence method differed from that determined using the Kinematic method by three degrees. The use of the Long Axes of the tibia and femur as landmarks to determine a stifle angle resulted in 5 mm and 4 mm over-advancement of the tibial tuberosity compared to the use of Kinematic or Eminence landmark methods respectively.

Clinical significance: The method used to measure the stifle joint angle can influence the value of the required TTA advancement. This is an additional variable that should be considered during TTA planning and when comparing in vivo and in vitro studies.
Transmission of Integrase Strand-Transfer Inhibitor Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1: Case Report and Response to Raltegravir-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Young Benjamin , Fransen Signe , Greenberg Kenneth S , Thomas Amy , Martens Sharon , Clair Marty St , Petropoulos Christos J , Ha Belinda
Published: March 2011

We report the case of an integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INI)-resistant and four-drug-class-resistant HIV-1 variant infecting an antiretroviral therapy-naive man. The virus harboured INI drug resistance substitutions (Q148H and G140S) along with multiple reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitor resistance mutations. This case illustrates an emerging need to consider the possibility of acquired INI resistance among newly diagnosed treatment-naive individuals harbouring multidrug-resistant HIV-1.
Transmitted Raltegravir Resistance in An HIV-1 Crf_Ag-Infected Patient
Authors: Boyd Sarita D , Maldarelli Frank , Sereti Irini , Ouedraogo G Laissa , Rehm Catherine A , Boltz Valerie , Shoemaker Diana , Pau Alice K
Published: March 2011

Here, we describe an HIV-infected patient with pre-treatment resistance to raltegravir, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors, and the ultimate ability to achieve viral suppression. Pretreatment integrase resistance testing is not routinely performed because transmitted integrase mutations conferring resistance to raltegravir are currently thought to be negligible. We suggest obtaining a pretreatment integrase genotype in patients with transmitted multiclass drug resistance in order to create an optimal first regimen and increase the chance for virological suppression.
Le sport cycliste avant 1914 : premier espace d'intégration des Italiens du bassin de Briey ?
Authors: Favero Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2011

Résumé Les Italiens qui arrivent massivement dans le bassin de Briey avant 1914 connaissent des conditions de travail dans les mines de fer et les usines sidérurgiques très pénibles. Logés dans des cantines insalubres, considérés comme porteurs de tous les maux de la société, ceux-ci se trouvent exclus des loisirs sportifs réservés aux autochtones. Alors que les sociétés patriotiques statutairement sont réservées aux Français, le monde ecclésiastique par les jugements qu’il porte sur les immigrés les éloigne de la pratique sportive des patronages catholiques. Seul le sport cycliste par ses valeurs méritocratiques constitutives de sa professionnalisation devient un espace d’intégration pour les ouvriers italiens.
De la formation continue à la formation initiale : observation du didactique et effets de formation
Authors: Vinson Martine , Dugal Jean-Paul
Published: March 2011

Résumé Cet article présente une tentative d’importation d’une formation à l’observation du didactique de la formation continue à la formation initiale. Il propose succinctement dans un premier temps le dispositif initial ou « ateliers didactiques » mis en œuvre avec un groupe de professeurs PS (PS) en Éducation physique et sportive (EPS), puis quelques éléments d’une « recherche coopérative » associant chercheur et praticiens et fonctionnant pendant trois ans dans le cadre de la formation continue. Lors de cette dernière, la mise en évidence d’un certain nombre d’effets de formation a fait naître l’idée d’une tentative d’importation de cette action en formation initiale avec les PS dans le temps cependant restreint de leur année de stage. La suite de l’article relate les transformations et les adaptations nécessaires pour construire le nouveau dispositif de formation, sur lequel se greffe une recherche qui étudie les effets de ce dispositif. Cette étude montre des avancées, notamment le développement des compétences d’observation et d’analyse de la pratique mais aussi des difficultés, i.e relation théorie/pratique.
Les corps participants, agence épistémique et écologie expérientielle dans les recherches en STAPS depuis 2000
Authors: Andrieu Bernard
Published: March 2011

Résumé La méthode épistémologique de l’enquête de terrain est venue hybrider la recherche en créant une anthropo-sociologie du corps, le sport et le loisir devenant des moyens d’étudier le mode de vie. La différence entre l’observation participante et la participation observante dans l’anthropo-sociologie du sport se trouve dans l’engagement du chercheur dans son propre corps.
Le dopage : entre culpabilité individuelle et responsabilité collective
Authors: Bette Karl-Heinrich
Published: March 2011

Résumé Malgré les violations globales des normes, le dopage continue toujours à être déclaré et attribué presque exclusivement au comportement déviant de personnes particulières dans le discours public. Au centre de l’attention se trouvent les athlètes mais également les entraîneurs, dirigeants, managers, médecins ou pharmaciens. On leur reproche des actes perfides de tromperie cachés derrière une façade de loyauté, soutenus ou tolérés afin d’augmenter les performances athlétiques ou de supprimer les véritables désavantages ou simplement redoutés par rapport à des concurrents. Dans une telle perspective, on peut désigner clairement et directement les individus qui se trouvent sur une fausse piste ou qui sont des individus fautifs. Le point de vue développé ici est que l’on pourrait mettre à sec durablement le « marais du dopage » qui s’est développé entre-temps, par la combinaison de contrôles, de punitions et un réarmement moral accompagnateur. Sans clarifier les contextes et les arrière-plans du dopage, on personnalise, moralise et singularise les délits de dopage.
Radiation-Induced Heart Disease: A Clinical Update
Authors: Yusuf Syed Wamique , Sami Shehzad , Daher Iyad N.
Published: February 2011

Cardiovascular diseases and cancer are the two leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Improvement in cancer therapy has led to increasing number of cancer survivors, some of whom may suffer from adverse cardiovascular effects of radiation therapy. Longterm followup is essential, as the cardiac complication may manifest years after completion of radiation therapy. In this paper, we have discussed the cardiovascular effects of radiation therapy.
Effect of Exercise Training on Interleukin-6, Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha and Functional Capacity in Heart Failure
Authors: Smart Neil A. , Larsen Alf I. , Le Maitre John P. , Ferraz Almir S.
Published: February 2011

Background. We pooled data from four studies, to establish whether exercise training programs were able to modulate systemic cytokine levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). A second aim was to establish if differences in ExT regimens are related to degree of change in cytokines and peak VO2.Methods. Data from four centres relating to training protocol, exercise capacity, and cytokine measures (TNF-alpha and IL-6) were pooled for analysis.Results. Data for 106 CHF patients were collated (98 men, age 62 ± 10 yrs, wt 79 ± 14 Kg). Patients were moderately impaired (peak VO216.9 ± 4.4 mls/kg/min), with moderate LV systolic dysfunction (EF 30 ± 6.9%), 78% (83) had ischaemic cardiomyopathy. After ExT, peak VO2increased 1.4 ± 3.4 ml/kg/min (P<.001), serum TNF-alpha decreased 1.9 ± 8.6 pg/ml (P=.02) and IL-6 was not significantly changed (0.5 ± 5.4 pg/ml,P=.32) for the whole group. Baseline and post-training peak VO2changes were not correlated with change in cytokine levels.Conclusions. Exercise training reduces levels TNF-alpha but not IL-6 in CHF. However, across a heterogenic patient group, change in peak VO2was not correlated with alterations in cytokine levels. While greater exercise volume (hours) was superior in improving peak VO2, no particular characteristic of ExT regimes appeared superior in effecting change in serum cytokines.
Atosiban in the Management of Preterm Labour
Authors: Fullerton Gail M , Black Mairead , Shetty Ashalatha , Bhattacharya Sohinee
Published: February 2011

The purpose of this review was to look at the evidence available for the use of atosiban as a tocolytic in cases of threatened preterm labour. A Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Green Top Guideline concluded that there was no clear evidence to show a benefit to tocolysis in reducing perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Using a systematic literature search, we summarise the evidence available on the use of atosiban for the prevention of preterm birth and compare it with other commonly used tocolytic agents in terms of efficacy, patient preference and drug safety. We conclude that although atosiban appears to be the tocolytic of choice, a clear benefit of using tocolysis in all cases of threatened preterm labour remains to be justified and clinical management should be tailored according to individual needs.
Isolation, Characterization and Quantity Determination of Aristolochic Acids, Toxic Compounds in Aristolochia bracteolata L.
Authors: Abdelgadir Abdelgadir A. , Ahmed Elhadi M. , Eltohami Mahgoub Sharif
Published: February 2011

Background

Aristolochic Acids (AAs) are major components of plants in Aristolochia and have been found to be nephrotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic. Herein reported are the isolation, identification and quantity determination methods of Aristolochic Acid-I (AA-I) and Aristolochic Acid-II (AA-II) toxic compounds of Aristolochia bracteolata indigenous to Central Sudan and medicinally used in diverse biological functions including analgesic and diuretic effects, treatment of tumors, malaria and/or fevers.

Methods and results

AAs mixture was extracted with methanol from the defatted material of Aristolochia bracteolata whole plant at room temperature and was isolated from the aqueous methanol extract by chloroform. Moreover, Silica-gel column chromatography and Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (PTLC) using chloroform/methanol gradient mixtures were used to isolate AAs mixtures as a yellow crystalline solid. A preliminary detection of AAs was made by Thin Layer Chromatography (silica-gel, chloroform: methanol (6:1)). The Rf value of the acids mixture was 0.43-0.46. The presence of AAs in plant sample was confirmed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Ultraviolet (HPLC/UV) analysis using 1% acetic acid and methanol (40:60) as mobile phase and maximum absorption wave length of 250 nm. Quantitative determination of AA-II (49.03 g/kg) and AA-I (12.98 g/kg) was also achieved by HPLC/UV.

Recommendation

It is recommended that the use of Aristolochia bracteolata as a medicinal plant should be extremely limited or strictly prohibited. The chromatograms obtained in this study can serve as fingerprints to identify AAs in plant samples.
Biology of the Mi-2/NuRD Complex in SLAC (Stemness, Longevity/Ageing, and Cancer)
Authors: Zhang Yue
Published: February 2011

The dynamic chromatin activities of Mi-2/Nucleosome Remodeling and Histone deacetylation (Mi-2/NuRD) complexes in mammals are at the basis of current research on stemness, longevity/ageing, and cancer (4-2-1/SLAC), and have been widely studied over the past decade in mammals and the elegant model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans. Interestingly, a common emergent theme from these studies is that of distinct coregulator-recruited Mi-2/NuRD complexes largely orchestrating the 4-2-1/SLAC within a unique paradigm by maintaining genome stability via DNA repair and controlling three types of transcriptional programs in concert in a number of cellular, tissue, and organism contexts. Thus, the core Mi-2/NuRD complex plays a central role in 4-2-1/SLAC. The plasticity and robustness of 4-2-1/SLAC can be interpreted as modulation of specific coregulator(s) within cell-specific, tissue-specific, stage-specific, or organism-specific niches during stress induction, ie, a functional module and its networking, thereby conferring differential responses to different environmental cues. According to “Occam's razor”, a simple theory is preferable to a complex one, so this simplified notion might be useful for exploring 4-2-1/SLAC with a holistic view. This thought could also be valuable in forming strategies for future research, and could open up avenues for cancer prevention and antiageing strategies.
Sensory experience in Development Balances excitation and Inhibition to stabilize Frequency Tuning in central Auditory neurons
Authors: Seki Kenjiro , Templeton Troy , Tremere Liisa A. , Pinaud Raphael
Published: February 2011

The balance between excitation and inhibition is critical in shaping receptive field tuning properties in sensory neurons and, ultimately, in determining how sensory cues are extracted, transformed and interpreted by brain circuits. New findings suggest that developmentally-regulated, experience-dependent changes in intracortical inhibitory networks are key to defning receptive field tuning properties of auditory cortical neurons.
Higher Rank Wavelets
Authors: Olphert Sean , Power Stephen C.
Published: February 2011

A theory of higher rank multiresolution analysis is given in the setting of abelian multiscalings. This theory enables the construction, from a higher rank MRA, of finite wavelet sets whose multidilations have translates forming an orthonormal basis in L2(ℝd). While tensor products of uniscaled MRAs provide simple examples we construct many nonseparable higher rank wavelets. In particular we construct Latin square wavelets as rank 2 variants of Haar wavelets. Also we construct nonseparable scaling functions for rank 2 variants of Meyer wavelet scaling functions, and we construct the associated nonseparable wavelets with compactly supported Fourier transforms. On the other hand we show that compactly supported scaling functions for biscaled MRAs are necessarily separable.
Rank One Reducibility for Metaplectic Groups via Theta Correspondence
Authors: Hanzer Marcela , Muić Goran
Published: March 2011

We calculate reducibility for the representations of metaplectic groups induced from cuspidal representations of maximal parabolic subgroups via theta correspondence, in terms of the analogous representations of the odd orthogonal groups. We also describe the lifts of all relevant subquotients.
The asymptotic rank of metric spaces
Authors: Wenger Stefan
Published: February 2011

In this article we define and study a notion of asymptotic rank for metric spaces and show in our main theorem that for a large class of spaces, the asymptotic rank is characterized by the growth of the higher isoperimetric filling functions. For a proper, cocompact, simply connected geodesic metric space of non-positive curvature in the sense of Alexandrov the asymptotic rank equals its Euclidean rank.
Dynamics of meromorphic mappings with small topological degree II: Energy and invariant measure
Authors: Diller Jeffrey , Dujardin Romain , Guedj Vincent
Published: February 2011

We continue our study of the dynamics of meromorphic mappings with small topological degree

\lambda_2(f)<\lambda_1(f)

on a compact Kähler surface

X

. Under general hypotheses we are able to construct a canonical invariant measure which is mixing, does not charge pluripolar sets and has a natural geometric description.

Our hypotheses are always satisfied when

X

has Kodaira dimension zero, or when the mapping is induced by a polynomial endomorphism of

\mathbb{C}^2

. They are new even in the birational case (

\lambda_2(f)=1

). We also exhibit families of mappings where our assumptions are generically satisfied and show that if counterexamples exist, the corresponding measure must give mass to a pluripolar set.
Modular elliptic directions with complex multiplication (with an application to Gross’s elliptic curves)
Authors: González Josep , Lario Joan-C.
Published: February 2011

Let

A_f

be the abelian variety attached by Shimura to a normalized newform

f\in S_2(\Gamma_1(N))

and assume that

A_f

has elliptic quotients. The paper deals with the determination of the one dimensional subspaces (elliptic directions) in

S_2(\Gamma_1(N))

corresponding to the pullbacks of the regular differentials of all elliptic quotients of

A_f

. For modular elliptic curves over number fields without complex multiplication (CM), the directions were studied by the authors in [8]. The main goal of the present paper is to characterize the directions corresponding to elliptic curves with CM. Then we apply the results obtained to the case

N=p^2

, for primes

p>3

and

p\equiv 3

mod

4

. For this case we prove that if

f

has CM, then all optimal elliptic quotients of

A_f

are also optimal in the sense that its endomorphism ring is the maximal order of

\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-p})

. Moreover, if

f

has trivial Nebentypus then all optimal quotients are Gross’s elliptic curve

A(p)

and its Galois conjugates. Among all modular parametrizations

J_0(p^2)\to A(p)

, we describe a canonical one and discuss some of its properties.
Conformal structure of minimal surfaces with finite topology
Authors: Bernstein Jacob , Breiner Christine
Published: February 2011

In this paper we show that a complete, embedded minimal surface in

\mathbb{R}^3

, with finite topology and one end, is conformal to a once-punctured compact Riemann surface. Moreover, using this conformal structure and the embeddedness of the surface, we examine the Weierstrass data and conclude that every such surface has Weierstrass data asymptotic to that of the helicoid. More precisely, if

g

is the stereographic projection of the Gauss map, then in a neighborhood of the puncture,

g(p) = \exp(i\alpha z(p) + F(p))

, where

\alpha \in \mathbb{R}

,

z=x_3+ix_3^*

is a holomorphic coordinate defined in this neighborhood and

F(p)

is holomorphic in the neighborhood and extends over the puncture with a zero there. As a consequence, the end is asymptotic to a helicoid. This completes the understanding of the conformal and geometric structure of the ends of complete, embedded minimal surfaces in

\mathbb{R}^3

with finite topology.
Unknotting genus one knots
Authors: Coward Alexander , Lackenby Marc
Published: February 2011

For any knot with genus one and unknotting number one, other than the figure-eight knot, we prove that there is exactly one way to unknot it by means of a crossing change. In the case of the figure-eight knot, we prove that there are precisely two unknotting crossing changes. The proof uses sutured manifold theory and an analysis of the arc complex of the once-punctured torus.
Severi type inequalities for irregular surfaces with ample canonical class
Authors: Mendes Lopes Margarida , Pardini Rita
Published: February 2011

Let

S

be a smooth minimal complex projective surface of maximal Albanese dimension. Under the assumption that the canonical class of

S

is ample and

q(S):=h^0(\Omega^1_S)\ge 5

, we show

K^2_S\ge 4\chi(S)+\frac{10}{3}q(S)-8,

thus improving the well-known Severi inequality

K^2_S\ge 4\chi(S)

.

We also give stronger inequalities under extra assumptions on the Albanese map or on the canonical map of

S

.
On the centralizer of diffeomorphisms of the half-line
Authors: Eynard Hélène
Published: February 2011

Let

f

be a smooth diffeomorphism of the half-line fixing only the origin and

Z^r

its centralizer in the group of

C^r

diffeomorphisms. According to well-known results of Szekeres and Kopell,

Z^1

is a one-parameter group. On the other hand, Sergeraert constructed an

f

whose centralizer

Z^r

,

2\le r\le \infty

, reduces to the infinite cyclic group generated by

f

. We show that

Z^r

can actually be a proper dense and uncountable subgroup of

Z^1

and that this phenomenon is not scarce.
Push-forwards for Witt groups of schemes
Authors: Calmès Baptiste , Hornbostel Jens
Published: February 2011

Using suitable closed symmetric monoidal structures on derived categories of schemes, as well as adjunctions of the type

({\rm L}f^*,{\rm R}f_*)

and

({\rm R}f_*,f^!)

(i.e. Grothendieck duality theory), we define push-forwards for coherent Witt groups along proper morphisms between separated noetherian schemes. We also establish fundamental theorems for these push-forwards (e.g. base change and projection formula) and provide some computations.
Elements and cyclic subgroups of finite order of the Cremona group
Authors: Blanc Jérémy
Published: February 2011

We give the classification of elements – respectively cyclic subgroups – of finite order of the Cremona group, up to conjugation. Natural parametrisations of conjugacy classes, related to fixed curves of positive genus, are provided.
Assessing the Impact of a School-based Safe Water Intervention on Household Adoption of Point-of-Use Water Treatment Practices in Southern India
Authors: Freeman Matthew C. , Clasen Thomas
Published: March 2011

We assessed a pilot project by UNICEF and Hindustan Unilever Limited to improve the quality of drinking water for children in schools through adoption of improved drinking water practices among households in southern India. The intervention consisted of providing classrooms of 200 schools a commercial water purifier, and providing basic hygiene and water treatment information to students, parents, and teachers. We found no evidence that the intervention was effective in improving awareness or uptake of effective water treatment practices at home. A similar proportion of household members in the intervention and control groups boiled their water (P = 0.60), used a ceramic filtration system (P = 0.33), and used a cloth filter (P = 0.89). One year after the launch of the campaign, household ownership of the commercial purifier promoted at schools was higher in the intervention group (26%) than the control group (19%), but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.53).
Enabling Hygienic Behavior among Preschoolers: Improving Environmental Conditions through a Multifaceted Intervention
Authors: Rosen Laura , Zucker David , Brody David , Engelhard Dan , Meir Marina , Manor Orly
Published: March 2011

Purpose.

Environmental conditions often serve as critical enabling factors for health promotion. This article describes the effect of a preschool hygiene intervention program on classroom environmental conditions.

Design.

Cluster randomized trial, with randomization at the level of the preschool.

Setting.

State-run preschools in Jerusalem.

Subjects.

Forty secular and religious Jerusalem preschools (including 1029 children).

Intervention.

A multidisciplinary hygiene intervention that included changes to the preschool environment.

Measures.

Presence of soap, soap dispenser, paper towel, paper towel dispenser, cloth towels, communal cup, or personal cups.

Analysis.

Generalized estimating equations and Fisher's exact test were used to estimate the effect of the intervention program on environmental conditions.

Results.

Information was obtained from most (97.9%) visits. Baseline environmental hygienic conditions were poor. Relative to the control group, the following environmental conditions were better in the intervention group after program implementation: soap (odds ratio [OR] = 14.7; p < .01), paper towels (OR = 13.5; p < .01), communal cups (OR = .05; p < .01), soap dispensers (secular preschools only, p < .01), individual cups (secular, p < .01; religious, OR = 18.7; p < .02).

Conclusions.

Environmental hygiene in the Israeli preschools studied was deficient at baseline but amenable to change. Improvement in environmental conditions was a necessary enabling factor for the changes in hand-washing behavior that were observed among the children. Sustained environmental change is possible in the preschool environment. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[4]:248–256.)
Effects of Resistance Training on Functional Ability in Elderly Individuals
Authors: Fahlman Mariane M. , McNevin Nancy , Boardley Debra , Morgan Amy , Topp Robert
Published: March 2011

Purpose.

Determine the effects of 16 weeks of strength training on measures of functional ability in elderly who are functionally limited.

Design.

Quasi-experimental trial in which elderly volunteers were assigned to either an exercise group or a control group.

Participants.

Eighty-seven participants (65–93 years) living independently but with some functional limitations.

Intervention.

Thirteen different strength training exercises using Thera-Band resistive bands (Hygenic Corporation, Akron, Ohio). The program was 16 weeks in duration, and the frequency was three times per week. Participants exercised in a group setting one time per week and were given a home exercise book to follow for two additional sessions per week.

Measures.

Functional ability was operationalized to include a variety of measures related to functional ability that impact activities of daily living, morbidity, and mortality in the elderly, including upper- and lower-body strength and gait.

Analysis.

Intervention effects were analyzed using a 2 (groups: exercise group vs. control group) X 3 (time: baseline vs. mid vs. post) analysis of variance.

Results.

The exercise group demonstrated significant improvements in upper-body strength as measured by biceps curl (F[2,140] = 39.870; p < .05) and lower-body strength as measured by chair sit-to-stand (F[2,124] = 25.887; p < .05). Gait velocity (F[2,140] = 37.317; p < .05) and step length (F[2,140] = 4.182; p < .05) both increased for the exercise group at week 9, but this increase disappeared by week 17. Compared with minimal changes in the control group, the exercise group demonstrated significant improvements in upper-body strength as measured by biceps curl and lower-body strength as measured by chair sit-to-stand.

Conclusion.

Some measures of function ability were improved after a 16-week structured exercise program for functionally limited elderly. Because functional ability has been inversely correlated with short-term morbidity and the need for assisted living among older adults, providing opportunities to exercise is crucial to future functioning and independence of the elderly population. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[4]:237–243.)
Impact Evaluation of a Pilot Web-Based Intervention to Increase Physical Activity
Authors: Grim Melissa , Hortz Brian , Petosa Rick
Published: March 2011

Purpose.

The purpose of this pilot study was to conduct an impact evaluation of a 10-week Web-based physical activity intervention.

Design.

Quasi-experimental, three-group pretest, posttest design.

Setting.

Large Midwestern university.

Subjects.

Participants (N = 233) included college students registered for three courses. The study employed a convenience sample consisting of a Web-based group (n = 108), a physical activity group (n = 64), and a general health group (n = 61).

Intervention.

The Web-based group received a Social Cognitive Theory behavioral skill-building intervention and exercised 3 days per week in their leisure time. The physical activity group received exercise instruction and was required to attend three physical activity labs per week. The comparison group received health instruction.

Measures.

Outcome variables included moderate and vigorous physical activity, self-regulation, social support, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations and expectancies.

Analysis.

Differences between groups were assessed at pretest and posttest using multiple analyses of variance.

Results.

Vigorous physical activity, self-regulation, and outcome expectancy value changed significantly in the Web-based and physical activity course groups (p < .01).

Conclusions.

Even with consideration of limitations such as small sample size and lack of randomization, the Web-based and traditional physical activity lecture and activity lab interventions were superior in eliciting changes in vigorous physical activity, self-regulation, and outcome expectancy value than a traditional health course. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[4]:227–230.)
Effectiveness and Cost of Two Stair-Climbing Interventions—Less is More
Authors: Olander Ellinor K. , Eves Frank F.
Published: March 2011

Purpose.

The current study compared two interventions for promotion of stair climbing in the workplace, an information-based intervention at a health information day and an environmental intervention (point-of-choice prompts), for their effectiveness in changing stair climbing and cost per employee.

Design.

Interrupted time-series design.

Setting.

Four buildings on a university campus.

Subjects.

Employees at a university in the United Kingdom.

Interventions.

Two stair-climbing interventions were compared: (1) a stand providing information on stair climbing at a health information day and (2) point-of-choice prompts (posters).

Measures.

Observers recorded employees' gender and method of ascent (n = 4279). The cost of the two interventions was calculated.

Analysis.

Logistic regression.

Results.

There was no significant difference between baseline (47.9% stair climbing) and the Workplace Wellbeing Day (48.8% stair climbing), whereas the prompts increased stair climbing (52.6% stair climbing). The health information day and point-of-choice prompts cost $773.96 and $31.38, respectively.

Conclusion.

The stand at the health information day was more expensive than the point-of-choice prompts and was inferior in promoting stair climbing. It is likely that the stand was unable to encourage stair climbing because only 3.2% of targeted employees visited the stand. In contrast, the point-of-choice prompts were potentially visible to all employees using the buildings and hence better for disseminating the stair climbing message to the target audience. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[4]:231–236.)
The Association between Objectively Measured Neighborhood Features and Walking in Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Wilson Lee-Ann M. , Giles-Corti Billie , Burton Nicola W. , Giskes Katrina , Haynes Michele , Turrell Gavin
Published: March 2011

Purpose.

Explore the role of the neighborhood environment in supporting walking.

Design.

Cross-sectional study of 10,286 residents of 200 neighborhoods. Participants were selected using a stratified two-stage cluster design. Data were collected by mail survey (68.5% response rate).

Setting.

Brisbane City Local Government Area, Australia, 2007.

Subjects.

Brisbane residents aged 40 to 65 years.

Measures.

Environmental: street connectivity, residential density, hilliness, tree coverage, bikeways, and streetlights within a 1-km circular buffer from each resident's home; and network distance to nearest river or coast, public transport, shop, and park. Walking: minutes walked in the previous week: <30 minutes, ≥30 to <90 minutes, ≥90 to <150 minutes, ≥150 to <300 minutes, and ≥300 minutes.

Analysis.

The association between each neighborhood characteristic and walking was examined using multilevel multinomial logistic regression, and the model parameters were estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation.

Results.

After adjustment for individual factors, the likelihood of walking for more than 300 minutes (relative to <30 minutes) was highest in areas with the most connectivity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.93; 99% confidence intervals [CI], 1.32–2.80), greatest residential density (OR = 1.47; 99% CI, 1.02–2.12), least tree coverage (OR = 1.69; 99% CI, 1.13–2.51), most bikeways (OR = 1.60; 99% CI, 1.16–2.21), and most streetlights (OR = 1.50; 99% CI, 1.07–2.11). The likelihood of walking for more than 300 minutes was also higher among those who lived closest to a river or the coast (OR = 2.06; 99% CI, 1.41–3.02).

Conclusion.

The likelihood of meeting (and exceeding) physical activity recommendations on the basis of walking was higher in neighborhoods with greater street connectivity and residential density, more streetlights and bikeways, closer proximity to waterways, and less tree coverage. Interventions targeting these neighborhood characteristics may lead to improved environmental quality as well as lower rates of overweight and obesity and associated chromic disease. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[4]:e12–e21.)
Effects of a Culturally Tailored Intervention on Changes in Body Mass Index and Health-Related Quality of Life of Latino Children and Their Parents
Authors: Cronk Christine E. , Hoffmann Raymond G. , Mueller Mary J. , Zerpa-Uriona Virginia , Dasgupta Mahua , Enriquez Francisco
Published: March 2011

Purpose.

To evaluate the effects of a multicomponent, family-based, culturally tailored intervention for overweight Latino children and their parents.

Design.

One group pretest/posttest with clinic comparison group.

Setting.

Community health center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Subjects.

54 Spanish-speaking, Latino families with children 8 to 11 years of age at enrollment and a body mass index (BMI) > 85th percentile. Thirty-one completed the 12-month follow-up.

Main Outcome Measures.

BMI, fitness measures, self-reported eating patterns, sedentary behaviors, and quality of life scales.

Intervention.

Index child and one (index) parent participated in interactive sessions and physical activity reinforced by family goal-setting, staff support, and supplemental activities.

Results.

Small but statistically significant changes in child BMI z score (Δ = –.13 SD, p < .001) and parent fitness (Δ = .74, p < .04) were documented by paired t-test. Quality of life increased significantly for children (combined Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory score Δ = 10.7, p < .001) and parents (Short Form Health Survey12 mental composite score Δ = 8, p < .022; Wilcoxon rank sum test). BMI z score for clinic comparison children (n = 31) increased significantly during the same time period (Δ = .23 SD, paired t = 4.32, p < .0002).

Conclusions.

A culturally tailored program for Latino families reduced BMI for enrolled children and significantly enhanced quality of life for children and parents. Intervention approaches that integrate cultural and social circumstances and emphasize goal setting and life style changes may be fruitful for this population of at-risk children. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[4]:e1–e11.)
Medical Cost Savings for Web-Based Wellness Program Participants from Employers Engaged in Health Promotion Activities
Authors: Williams Laura C. , Day Brian T.
Published: March 2011

Purpose.

Assess whether an insurer-provided Web-based wellness program results in cost and utilization improvements.

Design.

Quasi-experimental, pre-post, treatment-comparison design. Variables of interest were participation rates; medical, professional, and pharmacy expenditures; inpatient admissions; emergency room visits; and preventive service utilization.

Setting.

Six hundred forty-three employer-based wellness programs in Pennsylvania.

Subjects.

Forty-seven employers engaged in the Web-based wellness program and 596 employers who were not engaged. The engaged employer group included 10,463 wellness participants; an equal number of matched nonparticipant employees were identified from employers who were not engaged.

Intervention.

Web-based wellness program features were added to an on-site program in 2004. The program was followed through 2007.

Measures.

Outcomes were calculated using health insurance enrollment and claims history.

Analysis.

Participating employees were compared to nonparticipants using generalized linear mixed models to study changes in costs and utilization.

Results.

During the 2003 baseline year, engaged employers had greater costs, greater chronic disease prevalence, and greater hospitalization. Costs of program participants showed a lower rate of increase in 2004, and then dropped below those of the nonparticipants for the duration of the study. Between 2003 and 2007, the increase in medical expenditures of the participant group was significantly less than that of the nonparticipant group (31% vs. 46%, p < .01). In addition, the participant group showed a lower increase in professional service expenditures (p = .02) and greater utilization of preventive services (p < .01).

Conclusions.

Web-based insurer-provided wellness programs may decrease health care costs and encourage preventive service utilization. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[4]:272–280.)
Anesthetic Management of Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Woodrum Derek T , Kheterpal Sachin
Published: March 2011

The anesthetic management of pheochromocytoma is complicated and challenging. However, preoperative pharmacologic preparation has greatly improved perioperative outcome, and modern anesthetic drugs combined with advanced monitoring contribute to intraoperative stability. There is great regional and international variation in which intraoperative anesthetic technique is employed and there are little data to suggest one approach over another. Nevertheless, most management principles are universal. Progress lies in improved data collection that is increasingly available with electronic anesthesia information systems.