bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic event‐triggered dissipative control of nonlinear networked control systems with deception attacks
Authors: Li Hengqian , Wu Jie , Zhan Xisheng , Yang Qingsheng , Yan Huaicheng
Published: June 2023

For nonlinear networked control systems with deception attacks, the problem of dynamic event‐triggered dissipative control is researched in this article. First, on the basis of nonlinear networked control systems model, a dynamic event triggered scheme is proposed to save impact of network bandwidth. Second, considering the impact of time delay, a networked time‐delay system model under deception attacks is established. Third, by constructing a new and less conservative Lyapunov function, using linear matrix inequality and unilateral Lipschitz condition, we derive some new sufficient conditions to guarantee the asymptotically stability of nonlinear networked control systems and strictly ‐dissipative performance. Besides, a cooperative design strategy of dynamic event triggered scheme parameters and controller gain is put forward. Finally, a simulation example is given to prove feasibility and rationality of the proposed strategy.
Advancing 2D fluorescence online monitoring in microtiter plates by separating scattered light and fluorescence measurement, using a tunable emission monochromator
Authors: Berg Christoph , Busch Selma , Alawiyah Muthia Dewi , Finger Maurice , Ihling Nina , Paquet‐Durand Olivier , Hitzmann Bernd , Büchs Jochen
Published: June 2023

Online fluorescence monitoring has become a key technology in modern bioprocess development, as it provides in‐depth process knowledge at comparably low costs. In particular, the technology is widely established for high‐throughput microbioreactor cultivation systems, due to its noninvasive character. For microtiter plates, previously also multi‐wavelength 2D fluorescence monitoring was developed. To overcome an observed limitation of fluorescence sensitivity, this study presents a modified spectroscopic setup, including a tunable emission monochromator. The new optical component enables the separation of the scattered and fluorescent light measurements, which allows for the adjustment of integration times of the charge‐coupled device detector. The resulting increased fluorescence sensitivity positively affected the performance of principal component analysis for spectral data of Escherichia coli batch cultivation experiments with varying sorbitol concentration supplementation. In direct comparison with spectral data recorded at short integration times, more biologically consistent signal dynamics were calculated. Furthermore, during partial least square regression for E. coli cultivation experiments with varying glucose concentrations, improved modeling performance was observed. Especially, for the growth‐uncoupled acetate concentration, a considerable improvement of the root‐mean‐square error from 0.25 to 0.17 g/L was achieved. In conclusion, the modified setup represents another important step in advancing 2D fluorescence monitoring in microtiter plates.
Recent progress in poly(ethylene oxide)‐based solid‐state electrolytes for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Lee Jiyoung , Kim Byeong‐Su
Published: June 2023

In this review, we discuss the latest research trends related to poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based solid‐state polymer electrolytes for application in lithium‐ion batteries. First, the characteristics of PEO‐based polymer electrolytes, highlighted as the next‐generation electrolytes for batteries, are briefly introduced. Next, based on the findings reported in the recent literature, strategies to address their inherent challenges, such as low‐ionic conductivity at room temperature, concentration polarization, and poor mechanical properties, are covered. Finally, their remaining challenges and future prospects are outlined.
Determinants of circular business model adoption—A systematic literature review
Authors: Assmann Ingvild Reine , Rosati Francesco , Morioka Sandra Naomi
Published: June 2023

Although the circular economy is considered an avenue to sustainable development, the transition toward circularity is moving slowly. Academic literature has examined how various factors can affect the adoption of circular business models in specific industries and organizational types. However, no research has systematically reviewed the determinants of circular business model adoption. Through a systematic literature review, this study provides a holistic overview of the determining drivers of and barriers to the adoption of circular business models. Building on a sample of 67 journal articles, this study identifies 54 different determinants and classifies them into eight macro categories: culture, regulation, market, strategy, business case, collaboration, operations, and knowledge. The findings can guide policy‐makers, researchers, and decision makers across industries in understanding what obstacles to avoid and drivers to employ when they wish to increase circular business model adoption.
Adoption of hydrogen‐fueled freight transportation: A strategy toward sustainability
Authors: Shardeo Vipulesh , Sarkar Bishal Dey
Published: June 2023

Freight transport is critical to the development of the global economy, but it also increases greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As a result, global challenges, such as climate change, must be addressed. Hydrogen‐fueled transportation could be a viable, sustainable alternative by providing a clean, efficient, and long‐term alternative to fossil fuels, resulting in significantly lower GHG emissions. However, the usage of hydrogen as a fuel is still in its nascent stage, and different nations have initiated strategizing its production and consumption. Understanding the factors that may affect hydrogen's adoption as a fuel in the transportation and logistics sector becomes crucial. The present study attempts to fill this gap by identifying, categorizing, and prioritizing those factors. Initially, the factors have been identified from the literature and further finalized with the consultation with domain experts using the critical success factor theory. Further, relevant factors have been finalized and categorized using exploratory factor analysis. Afterward, the grey–ordinal priority approach is applied to determine the priority weights of the categories and their factors. The findings indicated that operational and environmental are the two most prioritized categories. Specifically, “Substituting Energy Dependency,” “Storage and Infrastructure Costs,” and “Ability to Mitigate Harmful Gases” are the top three prioritized factors for the adoption of hydrogen‐fueled transportation among stakeholders. According to the findings, the management of related businesses can collaborate as a business strategy to develop a robust hydrogen supply chain and secure the market stability of hydrogen fuel to ensure sustainable freight transportation.
Pathogenic germline variants in SMARCA4 and further cancer predisposition genes in early onset ovarian cancer
Authors: Herold Natalie , Schmolling Johanna , Ernst Corinna , Ataseven Beyhan , Blümcke Britta , Schömig‐Markiefka Birgid , Heikaus Sebastian , Göhring Uwe‐Jochen , Engel Christoph , Lampe Björn , Rhiem Kerstin , Harter Philipp , Hauke Jan , Schmutzler Rita K. , Hahnen Eric
Published: June 2023

To assess the role of germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in SMARCA4 and further established ovarian cancer (OC) predisposition genes in early onset OC, we investigated a clinical cohort of 206 unrelated OC index patients with an age at diagnosis of OC ≤40 years using an extended panel of 24 (candidate) cancer predisposition genes. PVs in established OC predisposition genes were most frequent in patients with high grade serous OC (21/62, 33.9%), comparatively rare in patients with epithelial OC other than high grade serous (5/74, 6.8%) or borderline ovarian tumours (2/39, 5.1%) and absent in mucinous OC (0/27). We demonstrate that germline PVs in SMARCA4 unlikely predispose for early onset OC other than SCCOHT.
Review recent rulings involving Title IX and athletics
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: June 2023

An overview of the key topics faced by college athletics administrators with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Cardiopulmonary arrest upon admission caused by pilsicainide hydrochloride intoxication: A case report
Authors: Takahashi Yoshihito , Matsuura Hiroshi , Hino Hiroshi , Chujoh Satoru , Kishimoto Masafumi
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

A 22‐year‐old male presented to our hospital after receiving 2450 mg of pilsicainide hydrochloride. Subsequently, he experienced cardiac arrest, and percutaneous cardiopulmonary support was introduced to maintain his circulation. After 3 days of intensive care, he regained consciousness and was transferred to another hospital for treatment related to psychological problems.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis: A case report
Authors: Salari Mehri , Zaker Harofteh Bahareh , Etemadifar Masoud
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is an autoimmune disease which tends to have other coexisting autoimmune or connective tissue diseases. However, coexisting with ankylosing spondylitis is rare. Here, we report a 57‐year‐old man with concomitant autoantibodies against aquaporin 4‐positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and HLA‐B27‐positive ankylosing spondylitis.
An optimized “sTOP” strategy‐based awake fiberoptic intubation for a patient with severe scoliosis after halo‐pelvic traction
Authors: Liang Hansheng , Huo Fei , Sun Liang , Feng Yi
Published: June 2023

Difficult Airway Society launched the new guideline for awake tracheal intubation (ATI) in adults with the goal of standardizing and promoting ATI techniques to protect the airway in 2020 (Anaesthesia, 2020;75:509). Specifically, the guideline highlighted that the key components of ATI are sedation, topicalization, oxygenation, and performance, coined “sTOP.” To the best of our knowledge, anticipated difficult airway is the best indication for ATI. Patients with severe scoliosis undergoing halo‐pelvic traction (HPT) are often with head and neck fixation, thereby contributing to the anticipated difficult airways. HPT was first used to fix unstable cervical vertebra segments in 1959, and gradually applied in the treatment of scoliosis (scoliosis or kyphosis Angle greater than 90 degrees is usually considered as severe scoliosis), with favorable efficacy and safety profile, and thus widely used in clinical practice (Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1973;93:179). To date, the improved HPT device usually consists of a head ring composed of 6 ~ 8 cranial nails, a pelvic ring composed of 6 ~ 8 iliac bone nails and 4 telescopic connecting rods, which can achieve all‐day continuous traction. Usually, the average traction time was about 8 weeks (Chin Med J (Engt), 2012;125:1297). Our case described a planned awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) for a patient with severe scoliosis undergoing HPT via an optimized “sTOP” strategy.
Effect of Intracrystalline Silanol Defects on the Diffusivity of Benzene in Silicalite Zeolite
Authors: Misturini Alechania , Altundal Omer F. , García-Aznar Pablo , Kariminasab Sara , Sastre German
Published: June 2023

Intracrystalline zeolite silanol defect groups (≡SiOH) were modelled in silicalite (silica ZSM‐5, MFI) using experimental data. We make a molecular dynamics study on the self‐diffusivity of benzene in silicalite with defects. The simulations at three different loadings (1, 3 and 5 benzene per unit cell) and temperatures (298, 348 and 398 K) allow to calculate self‐diffusivity, adsorption energy and the activation energy. The results show that benzene self‐diffusivity in silicalite is increased by the presence of silanol defects. Previous experimental results support this claim.
Transport phenomena in microchannels in liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) systems operating in a slug flow regime—A review
Authors: Ganguli Arijit A. , Pandit Aniruddha B. , Kunzru Deepak
Published: June 2023

In the present work, the effects of various parameters (capillary size, shape, flow ratio, presence of additives, and presence of wall film) on both reactive and non‐reactive LLE systems are presented and analyzed. The literature data for a constant liquid flow ratio of 1 (Qc/QD = 1) has been correlated to give rise to two empirical correlations relating the Sherwood number (Sh), Reynolds number (Re), capillary number (Ca), and Schmidt number (Sc) have been developed for 0.1 < Re < 10 and 10 < Re < 200. The concept of j‐factor for micro‐channels has been introduced and named as Pandit–Kunzru–Ganguli analogy. Three new dimensionless numbers have been introduced, namely Pandit number (), Ganguli number , and Kunzru number (). The j‐factor is found to be a strong function of Capillary number for 10 < Re < 200 while it is a strong function of surface renewal for 0.1 < Re < 10. Empirical correlations to calculate j‐factor as a function of Re or Weber number (We) are also presented. Recommendations for future work have been presented based on the review in the present work.
The time has come to implement primary human papillomavirus screening for cervical cancer in the United States
Authors: Franco Eduardo L. ,   American Cancer Society's Primary HPV Screening Initiative
Published: June 2023

For the American Cancer Society (ACS), the time for primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening implementation has unequivocally arrived for the United States, but it will require broad knowledge mobilization and addressing logistical barriers to engage the public and health providers. The ACS is using its convener role and marshalling its considerable educational and knowledge dissemination resources to advance primary HPV screening in the United States and to share best practices from countries that have done the same through the ACS Primary HPV Screening Initiative.
Six‐transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 3 (STEAP3) is a potential prognostic biomarker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma that correlates with M2 macrophage infiltration and epithelial–mesenchymal
Authors: Wei Haotian , Li Zhaochen , Zhao Yang , Zhu Shimiao , Wen Simeng , Quan Changyi
Published: June 2023

Background

The six‐transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 3 (STEAP3) is a metalloreductase, which is essential for iron uptake. Existing literature has shown that STEAP3 may perform an important role in the onset and progression of tumors. Nonetheless, a complete pan‐cancer investigation of the prognostic significance and immune properties of STEAP3 is currently unavailable.

Aims

As part of our investigation into the possible functions of STEAP3 in malignancies, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to examine the prognostic value and immune features of STEAP3 in human pan‐cancer.

Methods and Results

R and Cytoscape programs were applied to analyze and visualize the data. The expression of STEAP3 in both cell lines and tissues was measured utilizing a variety of approaches. Using the shRNA knockdown technique, we tested the viability of the A498 and 786‐O cell lines and validated their functions. Both CCK‐8 and transwell assays were conducted to estimate cell proliferation and invasion. The expression of STEAP3 was substantially elevated and was shown to be linked to prognosis in the majority of malignancies, notably in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In addition, the expression of STEAP3 was shown to have a strong correlation with immune infiltrates, which in turn triggered the recruitment and polarization of M2 macrophages in ccRCC. The protein STEAP3 shows promise as a predictor of responses to immune‐checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Positive links between STEAP3 and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), the p53 pathway, and the immune‐associated pathways were also found in the enrichment analysis. Our results illustrated that the STEAP3 expression level was substantially elevated in ccRCC tissues and suggested that it could stimulate EMT in ccRCC by downregulating CDH1.

Conclusion

In a diverse range of cancers, STEAP3 might serve as a biomarker for determining the prognosis as well as a predictor of immunotherapy responsiveness. STEAP3 is a novel biological marker for determining prognosis, and it also performs a remarkable function in the promotion of tumor growth in ccRCC by enhancing invasion and EMT, as well as by triggering the recruitment and polarization of M2 macrophages.
An Amorphous Molybdenum Polysulfide Cathode for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Zhao Xinyi , Xu Fei
Published: June 2023

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) attract research interest owing to the low cost and high reliability, but the design of cathode materials is the major difficulty of their development. The bivalent magnesium cation suffers from a strong interaction with the anion and is difficult to intercalate into traditional magnesium intercalation cathodes. Herein, an amorphous molybdenum polysulfide (a‐MoSx) is synthesized via a simple one‐step solvothermal reaction and used as the cathode material for RMBs. The a‐MoSx cathode provides a high capacity (185 mAh g−1) and a good rate performance (50 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1), which are much superior compared with crystalline MoS2 and demonstrate the privilege of amorphous RMB cathodes. A mechanism study demonstrates both of molybdenum and sulfur undergo redox reactions and contribute to the capacity. Further optimizations indicate low‐temperature synthesis would favor the magnesium storage performance of a‐MoSx.
Occurrence and Genesis of Cold‐Seep Authigenic Carbonates from the South‐Eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Weidlich R. , Bialik O. M. , Rüggeberg A. , Grobéty B. , Vennemann T. , Neuman A. , Makovsky Y. , Foubert A.
Published: June 2023

Methane‐derived authigenic seep carbonates occur globally along continental margins. These carbonates are important archives to identify seep dynamics, the source of the ascending methane‐enriched fluids together with their timing, and are an important carbon sequestration mechanism. Recently, seep carbonates were discovered in the Levant Basin in the south‐eastern Mediterranean Sea. To elucidate past seepage activity and dynamics across the basin, different seep carbonate morphologies (chimneys, crusts and pavements) retrieved from the Levant Basin were mapped based on remotely operating vehicle data and analysed using standard sediment petrographic techniques, X‐ray diffraction and stable carbon and oxygen isotope analyses. Carbonate chimneys consist of micrite (δ13CVPDB of −10‰ to +5‰) with dispersed baryte and dolomite crystals, fan‐shaped aragonite (δ13CVPDB of −52‰ to −30‰) and high‐magnesium calcite cements, with the latter often growing from low‐magnesium calcite spherules. Botryoidal low‐magnesium calcite cements are forming in small cavities. Carbonate crusts consist of micrite with low‐magnesium calcite breccias, high‐magnesium calcite nodules (δ13CVPDB of −35‰ to −20‰) and cements, and partially replaced fan‐shaped aragonite cements. Carbonate pavements consist of low‐magnesium calcite microsparite, micritic dolomite and high‐magnesium calcite. Fan‐shaped aragonite is locally present as pore‐lining cement. Iron oxides are often seen coating the low‐magnesium calcite, high‐magnesium calcite and dolomite cements. Chimneys and crusts, characterised by high amounts of high‐magnesium calcite and aragonite, are interpreted to have formed through advective methane fluxes. Pavements, with high quantities of dolomite, are explained as the product of diffusive methane flux. Sediment petrographic and geochemical analysis of the different carbonate morphologies and cement phases therein witness distinct modes of ascending fluid fluxes and their mixing with marine pore water and/or sea water during precipitation of the individual phases.
Learn how to distinguish between service animals, emotional support animals, and assistance animals
Authors: Gutierrez Iván Resendiz
Published: June 2023

In the past few years, an increasing number of college students have expressed interest in bringing their service animals, emotional support animals (ESAs), or assistance animals to campus to help them manage a variety of physical and mental health issues. Although most institutions have policies and procedures regarding animals on campus, colleges and universities should be prepared to handle complex or unique requests. Recently, some of the more unexpected ESA requests from individuals with disabilities have involved some particularly exotic animals — including a beehive, a baby kangaroo, and a large peacock. To help higher education professionals navigate this complex area, I’ve answered some frequently asked questions:
Development and seismic behavior of an assembly composite damping self‐centering brace
Authors: Xie Xingsi , Xu Longhe , Ji Xiaodong , Bi Kaiming
Published: June 2023

A new type of assembly composite damping self‐centering brace is proposed to simplify the configuration, reduce the manufacturing cost, and improve its energy dissipation capacity, which is assembled by several modules in parallel with different functions. A brace specimen with a total length of 1.843 m was designed and numerically analyzed. The brace exhibits stable and full flag‐shaped hysteretic responses, and dissipates adequate energy during cyclic motion, with a high bearing capacity. When the brace is unloaded, the viscous damping force disappears, and the residual displacement can be basically eliminated. The hysteretic envelope area increases with the increase in loading frequency. When the frequency is 0.5 Hz and the target displacement is 30 mm, the activation force, ultimate bearing capacity, residual displacement, energy dissipation during one cycle, and equivalent viscous damping ratio are 622.5 kN, 1018.7 kN, 9.11 mm, 41.10 kJ, and 0.214, respectively. Under random loading, the damping force provided by the viscous module ensures a fuller hysteretic loop than the existing displacement‐type energy dissipation self‐centering brace. The influences of design parameters on the hysteretic performances of the brace were studied. When the disc spring stiffness increases from 3.27 to 9.80 kN/mm, the ultimate bearing capacity, residual displacement, and equivalent viscous damping ratio change by 18%, −24%, and −15%, respectively. The viscous damping coefficient and flow index of the viscous module should be increased, and the prepressed force and stiffness of disc springs in recentering module should also be appropriately increased.
Pressure–strain loops unveil haemodynamics behind mechanical circulatory support systems
Authors: Landra Federico , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Sciaccaluga Carlotta , Gallone Guglielmo , Bruno Francesco , Fusi Chiara , Barilli Maria , Focardi Marta , Cavigli Luna , D'Ascenzi Flavio , Bernazzali Sonia , Maccherini Massimo , Cameli Matteo , Valente Serafina
Published: June 2023

Aims

Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) systems are increasingly employed in cardiogenic shock and advanced heart failure. A thorough understanding of the complex interactions occurring among heart, vasculature, and device is essential to optimize patient's management. The aim of this study is to explore non‐invasive haemodynamic profiling of patients undergoing MCS based on pressure–strain (PS) analysis.

Methods

Clinical and echocardiographic data from consecutive patients undergoing different MCS systems positioning/implantation admitted to the third level cardiological intensive care unit of Siena Hospital from August 2021 to November 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients without a useful echocardiographic exam or without arterial blood pressure recording at the time of echocardiography were excluded. Myocardial work analysis was performed in the included patients.

Results

We reviewed 18 patients, of which nine were excluded. Included patients were three patients with intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP), two patients with durable left ventricular assist device (dLVAD), two patients with Impella®, one patient with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and one patient with ECMO and IABP. Myocardial work analysis was feasible in each included patient. The use of IABP shifted the PS curve rightward and downward. Global work index (GWI) and global wasted work (GWW) decreased after IABP positioning, whereas global work efficiency (GWE) increased. The use of continuous‐flow pumps, whether temporaneous (Impella®) or long term (dLVAD), induced a change in the PS loop morphology, with a shift towards a triangular shape. ECMO positioning alone resulted in a narrowing of the PS loop, with a decrease in GWI and GWE and an increase in GWW and mean arterial pressure. The combined used of IABP with ECMO widened the PS loop and improved GWI and GWE.

Conclusions

PS loops analysis in patients undergoing MCS seems to be feasible and may unveil MCS‐induced haemodynamic variations. Myocardial work could be used to monitor ventricular–arterial–device coupling and guide tailored MCS management.
Chemoselective Oxidation of Alkenes by Metal‐Organic Framework‐Supported Copper Catalyst
Authors: Kalita Rahul , Begum Wahida , Gupta Poorvi , Chauhan Manav , Akhtar Naved , Newar Rajashree , Manna Kuntal
Published: June 2023

Oxidation of alkenes to carbonyls or diols compounds is important in synthesizing fine chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates. We report the synthesis and characterization of an aluminum metal‐organic framework node‐supported copper(II) chloride (DUT‐5‐CuCl), which is an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidation of alkenes using H2O2 as an oxidizing agent. Styrene and various substituted styrenes were transformed into the corresponding carbonyl compounds in excellent selectivity and yields. DUT‐5‐CuCl is tolerant with various functional groups and could be recycled and reused at least 5 times in the oxidation of α‐methylstyrene. Unlike the oxidation of styrene derivatives, DUT‐5‐Cu catalyzed oxidation of aliphatic and cyclic alkenes produced 1,2‐diols compounds selectively. The mechanism of the DUT‐5‐Cu catalyzed oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde was investigated in detail by various experiments such as the determination of reaction intermediates and characterization of the catalyst after catalysis, and computational studies. This work highlights the importance of MOF‐supported earth‐abundant metal catalysts for oxidation reactions to produce fine chemicals.
Role of recovery profile dependency in time‐dependent resilience
Authors: Wang Cao
Published: June 2023

Resilience assessment of civil structures and infrastructure systems plays a vital role in quantitatively measuring the object's ability to withstand and recover from disruptive events (e.g., natural hazards). The performance of the object (structure or system) may degrade with time, and the external loads often display nonstationary characteristics with time‐varying occurrence rate and/or magnitude. In this context, the resilience would be dependent on the duration of the reference period of interest, known as time‐dependent resilience. This article investigates the effect of recovery profile dependency on the time‐dependent resilience of structures and systems. The term “recovery profile dependency” refers to the association of the post‐hazard recovery processes in the aftermath of different load events within the object's service life, and is reflected through the following three aspects: (1) the temporal correlation between the remaining functionalities associated with different load events; (2) the load–recovery interaction (i.e., the scenario that a load event occurs before the full recovery of the degraded functionality due to the previous load event), and (3) the resource allocation strategy in the presence of limited resources, which affects the expeditiousness of each recovery process. In particular, for (2), the concept of average ratio of interaction is proposed to measure the frequency of load‐recovery interaction. The evaluation of time‐dependent resilience is demonstrated through two examples. It is shown that, the time‐dependent resilience is sensitive to the impact of load–recovery interaction and the selection of resource allocation strategy, but is insensitive to the temporal correlation of the remaining functionalities.
Potential benefits of Rehmanniae Radix after ancient rice‐steaming process in promotion of antioxidant activity in rats' health
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wu Meng‐xi , Li Hong‐mei , Sun Jianhui , Huang Lu‐qi , Yuan Yuan
Published: June 2023

Rice steam processed product of Rehmanniae Radix (RSRR), one of the processed products of Rehmanniae Radix (RR), is popular as an herbal medicine and food. However, the health‐promoting effects and mechanisms of RSRR are still unclear. In this study, 10‐week‐old Sprague–Dawley female rats were treated with different processed products of RR. No organ coefficient differences were observed between RSRR and the control group, indicating that RSRR did not cause damage to the rats. Compared with other RR products, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase levels were significantly higher and malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower in the RSRR group, indicating that RSRR exerted a better antioxidant effect. Gene expression analysis showed that hemoglobin genes (Hba‐a1, Hba‐a2, Hbb‐bs, Hbb, Hbq1b, Hbb‐b1, and LOC103694857) may be potential biomarkers to evaluate the antioxidant effect of RSRR. Antioxidation‐related signaling pathways in GO annotation, including cellular oxidant detoxification, hydrogen peroxide metabolic process, hemoglobin complex, and oxygen binding signaling pathways were significantly enriched, indicating these pathways may represent the antioxidant mechanism of RSRR. To explore the main active compounds primarily responsible for the antioxidant activity of RSRR, UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS was used and six components (catalpol, rehmannioside A, rehmannioside D, melittoside, ajugol, and verbascoside) were identified in rat serum. Catalpol and rehmannioside A were predicted to be the major active components by network pharmacology. These results suggested that RSRR exhibits antioxidant activity and has health‐promoting properties. This study provides a scientific basis for the antioxidant mechanism and clinical use of RSRR.
A nurse‐led positive psychological intervention among elderly community‐dwelling adults with mild cognitive impairment and depression: A non‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yao Xiuyu , Wang Yidan , Zhou Ying , Li Zheng
Published: June 2023

Background

Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and depression have a higher dementia conversion rate, which requires timely intervention.

Objectives

A non‐randomized controlled trial was conducted to explore the effect of a nurse‐led positive psychological intervention (PPI) in relieving depression and promoting cognition in this population.

Methods

A total of 70 older adults were enrolled, with 35 each in the intervention and control groups. The control group received one‐to‐one health education, and the intervention group received a 40‐ to 60‐minute PPI for eight successive weeks.

Results

During the intervention, most participants reached the standard of active participation, and 2.86% continued to complete homework every day during follow‐up. The Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) score in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group at the end of intervention (t = −3.64, p < 0.05) and at 3‐month follow‐up (t = −4.48, p < 0.05). Interaction effects of time and group on PHQ‐9 scores (F = 8.11, p < 0.001), with significant differences between the groups in scores (F = 9.11, p < 0.05) and times (F = 23.58, p < 0.05) was observed. In the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale, the intervention group had significantly higher scores than controls at the end of intervention (t = 7.28, p < 0.05) and 3‐month follow‐up (t = 8.01, p < 0.05). Cognition in the two groups was significantly affected by intergroup effects (F = 42.80, p < 0.001), interaction effects (F = 30.38, p < 0.001), and time effects (F = 33.67, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Although the effects tended to decrease in follow‐up, the nurse‐led PPI was feasible and valid in relieving depression and promoting cognition among older participants with MCI and depression. The present findings warrant further exploration.

Tweetable abstract

A nurse‐led positive psychological intervention was applicable among elderly MCI adults with depression and effective in relieving depression and promoting cognition.
Striatonigrostriatal connectivity‐based cross‐species parcellation of human and macaque substantia nigra
Authors: Xia Xiaoluan , Zeng Xinglin , Gao Fei , Hua Lin , Huang Shaohui , Yuan Zhen
Published: June 2023

Anatomical and functional heterogeneous substantia nigra (SN) has been extensively studied in humans and animals like rhesus monkeys given its crucial role in modulating a broad range of behaviors. Increasingly important cross‐species research of SN may require connectionally homogeneous and homologous subregions of SN as objective and stable starting points from which the evolutionary characteristics of brain could be inspected. However, existing atlases of SN were all inaccurate mappings as a cross‐species connectome atlas due to inadequate homology constraint during their constructions, and arbitrary paired use of these atlases might cause unreliable findings. In this study, a reliable blind‐source cross‐species parcellation of SN was developed based on the following rationale: striatonigrostriatal circuits form major structure of nigral connectivity; different nigral components have unique striatonigrostriatal connectivity; and inter‐species corresponding human and macaque nigral components have similar striatonigrostriatal connectivity. Specifically, all voxels in human and macaque SN were grouped together and then classified based on inter‐species identically characterized striatonigrostriatal connectivity attributes. Our results delineated a pars compacta‐pars reticulate‐like parcellation and further demonstrated its reliability by illustrating best‐matched whole‐brain structural and functional connectivity profiles of inter‐species corresponding nigral subregions. Detailed inter‐species and inter‐regional differences in multi‐aspect connectivities of these nigral subregions were inspected. It is expected that this cross‐species connectome atlas of SN can offer biologically reliable cornerstones and important information to facilitate future cross‐species research.
Mnemonic discrimination deficits in multidimensional schizotypy
Authors: Sahakyan Lili , Wahlheim Christopher N. , Kwapil Thomas R.
Published: June 2023

Current developmental psychopathology models indicate that schizophrenia can be understood as the most extreme expression of a multidimensional continuum of symptoms and impairment referred to as schizotypy. In nondisordered adults, schizotypy predicts risk for developing schizophrenia‐spectrum psychopathology. Schizophrenia is associated with disruptions in detecting subtle differences between objects, which is linked to hippocampal dysfunction. These disruptions have been shown in the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) when patients are less likely to reject lures that are similar but not identical to studied objects, and instead mistake them for studied items. This pattern of errors may be a behavioral manifestation of impaired pattern separation, a key episodic memory ability associated with hippocampal integrity and overreliance on pattern completion. We examined whether multidimensional schizotypy is associated with such deficits in nondisordered young adults. Participants (n = 230) were assessed for positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy and completed the MST and a perceptual discrimination task. MST performance showed that a combination of elevated negative and disorganized schizotypy was associated with decreased rejections of similar lures because they were mistakenly identified as studied items. These deficits were not observed in traditional recognition measures within the same task, nor in perceptual discrimination, suggesting that mnemonic discrimination deficits assessed by MST were selective and did not reflect generalized deficits. These findings extend the results obtained in schizophrenia patients and support a multidimensional model of schizophrenia‐spectrum psychopathology.
Evaluating the effects of stream power on rill flow resistance
Authors: Nicosia Alessio , Pampalone Vincenzo , Serio Maria Angela , Ferro Vito
Published: June 2023

Limited information is currently available on how sediment transport affects rill flow resistance and the influence of hydraulic variables, as stream power, on sediment transport capacity for rill flows. In this paper, the available measurements of hydraulic variables (flow depth, channel slope, mean flow velocity, Reynolds number, Froude number, and Darcy–Weisbach friction factor) carried out by Ban et al. (Measurement of rill and ephemeral gully flow velocities and their model expression affected by flow rate and slope gradient. Journal of Hydrology, 589, 125172) and Ban (Measurements and estimation of flow velocity in mobile bed rills. International Journal of Sediment Research, 38(1), 97–104) for fixed and mobile bed rills are used to test the applicability of a theoretically deduced rill flow resistance equation based on a power‐velocity profile. The results allowed for stating that (i) the theoretical flow resistance approach can predict Darcy–Weisbach friction factor for flows over fixed and mobile beds, (ii) the stream power, dependent on flow discharge and slope, determines different flow behaviour, and (iii) the data are supportive of the slope independence hypothesis of rill velocity, for the mobile bed condition, only for the highest investigated discharge values (greater than 0.133 L s−1).
Endometriosis and physical activity: A narrative review
Authors: Tourny Claire , Zouita Amira , El Kababi Samira , Feuillet Léa , Saeidi Ayoub , Laher Ismail , Weiss Katja , Knechtle Beat , Zouhal Hassane
Published: June 2023

Endometriosis is a painful gynecological disorder that affects many women. Constant treatments and contraception changes affect women looking for solutions to treat and limit the problems caused by endometriosis. The current narrative review discusses the effects of physical activity on the management, pain, and quality of life in patients with endometriosis. Findings suggest that body awareness practices such as Hatha yoga, the Jacobson method, and progressive muscle relaxation reduce pain and stress and improve the quality of life associated with endometriosis. It also highlights the current knowledge gap on available evidence and future research. Moreover, care must be taken when considering patients' physical abilities and goals and avoiding intense physical activities. The forms of endometriosis and its symptoms vary from one woman to another, so it is important to perform studies with various nonmedicinal or surgical techniques. It is important to continue randomized controlled trials to obtain more data on the benefits of physical activity in women with endometriosis and also to identify what types of activities could be beneficial to combat pain symptoms and improve the daily lives of women with endometriosis.
Reversal of P‐glycoprotein‐mediated multidrug resistance by natural N‐alkylated indole alkaloid derivatives in KB‐ChR‐8‐5 drug‐resistant cancer cells
Authors: Bharathiraja Pradhapsingh , Cardoso David S. P. , Rajendra Prasad N. , Mulhovo Silva , Lakra Deepa S. , Ferreira Maria‐José U.
Published: June 2023

Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a significant challenge in cancer chemotherapy due to the overexpression of ATP‐binding cassette drug‐efflux transporters, namely P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp)/ATP‐binding cassette subfamily B member 1. In this study, derivatives of N‐alkylated monoterpene indole alkaloids such as N‐(para‐bromobenzyl) (NBBT), N‐(para‐methylbenzyl) (NMBT), and N‐(para‐methoxyphenethyl) (NMPT) moieties were investigated for the reversal of P‐gp‐mediated MDR in drug‐resistant KB colchicine‐resistant 8‐5 (KB‐ChR‐8‐5) cells. Among the three indole alkaloid derivatives, the NBBT exhibited the highest P‐gp inhibitory activity in a dose‐dependent manner. Further, it significantly decreased P‐gp overexpression by inactivating the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor kappa B p‐50 subunit. In the cell survival assay, doxorubicin showed 6.3‐fold resistance (FR) in KB‐ChR‐8‐5 cells compared with its parental KB‐3‐1 cells. However, NBBT significantly reduced doxorubicin FR to 1.7, 1.3, and 0.4 and showed strong synergism with doxorubicin for all the concentrations studied in the drug‐resistant cells. Furthermore, NBBT and doxorubicin combination decreased the cellular migration and showed increased apoptotic incidence by downregulating Bcl‐2, then activating BAX, caspase 3, and p53. The present findings suggest that NBBT could be a lead candidate for the reversal of P‐gp‐ mediated multidrug resistance in cancer cells.
Establishing a mentorship program for prospective genetic counseling graduate students: Two cycles of program experience
Authors: Watson Elise , Moriarty Kelsey , Burns Madison , Diamonstein Callie
Published: June 2023

Mentorship has been a long‐standing and important piece of healthcare training, but few formal, structured mentorship programs exist in the genetic counseling field. Our report describes the creation and evaluation of the Genetic Counseling Assistant Mentorship Program (GCAMP) after two cycles of the program. Genetic counseling assistant (GCA) mentees were paired with genetic counselor mentors for support and advice primarily surrounding graduate school applications and professional development. Pairs were encouraged to meet at regular intervals, but the specific meeting patterns were determined by the pair based on the needs of the mentee. The GCAMP also involved electronic and interactive resources for mentees, which were continually developed. Many of the electronic resources were created and maintained by past and current GCAs, such as a list of local shadowing and advocacy opportunities and a list of factors to consider when evaluating graduate programs. Interactive resources included workshops, mock graduate school interviews, reviews of graduate school application materials, and social events. Mentors were also provided with resources about mentorship. Surveys were conducted to evaluate the program. Overall satisfaction with the program and the mentoring relationship was high among both mentees and mentors. In aggregate, results revealed that mentees felt strongly supported by the mentorship program and were highly satisfied with their mentorship experience. Results also showed that mentors enjoyed a high level of fulfillment and professional development themselves by participating in the program.
Exercise testing and prescription in patients with inborn errors of muscle energy metabolism
Authors: Batten Kiera , Bhattacharya Kaustuv , Simar David , Broderick Carolyn
Published: June 2023

Skeletal muscle is a dynamic organ requiring tight regulation of energy metabolism in order to provide bursts of energy for effective function. Several inborn errors of muscle energy metabolism (IEMEM) affect skeletal muscle function and therefore the ability to initiate and sustain physical activity. Exercise testing can be valuable in supporting diagnosis, however its use remains limited due to the inconsistency in data to inform its application in IEMEM populations. While exercise testing is often used in adults with IEMEM, its use in children is far more limited. Once a physiological limitation has been identified and the aetiology defined, habitual exercise can assist with improving functional capacity, with reports supporting favourable adaptations in adult patients with IEMEM. Despite the potential benefits of structured exercise programs, data in paediatric populations remain limited. This review will focus on the utilisation and limitations of exercise testing and prescription for both adults and children, in the management of McArdle Disease, long chain fatty acid oxidation disorders, and primary mitochondrial myopathies.
Reproducibility in modeling and simulation of the knee: Academic, industry, and regulatory perspectives
Authors: Imhauser Carl W. , Baumann Andrew P. , Liu Xiangyi (Cheryl) , Bischoff Jeffrey E. , Verdonschot Nico , Fregly Benjamin J. , Elmasry Shady S. , Abdollahi Neda N. , Hume Donald R. , Rooks Nynke B. , Schneider Marco T.‐Y. , Zaylor William , Besier Thor F. , Halloran Jason P. , Shelburne Kevin B. , Erdemir Ahmet
Published: June 2023

Stakeholders in the modeling and simulation (M&S) community organized a workshop at the 2019 Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) entitled “Reproducibility in Modeling and Simulation of the Knee: Academic, Industry, and Regulatory Perspectives.” The goal was to discuss efforts among these stakeholders to address irreproducibility in M&S focusing on the knee joint. An academic representative from a leading orthopedic hospital in the United States described a multi‐institutional, open effort funded by the National Institutes of Health to assess model reproducibility in computational knee biomechanics. A regulatory representative from the United States Food and Drug Administration indicated the necessity of standards for reproducibility to increase utility of M&S in the regulatory setting. An industry representative from a major orthopedic implant company emphasized improving reproducibility by addressing indeterminacy in personalized modeling through sensitivity analyses, thereby enhancing preclinical evaluation of joint replacement technology. Thought leaders in the M&S community stressed the importance of data sharing to minimize duplication of efforts. A survey comprised 103 attendees revealed strong support for the workshop and for increasing emphasis on computational modeling at future ORS meetings. Nearly all survey respondents (97%) considered reproducibility to be an important issue. Almost half of respondents (45%) tried and failed to reproduce the work of others. Two‐thirds of respondents (67%) declared that individual laboratories are most responsible for ensuring reproducible research whereas 44% thought that journals are most responsible. Thought leaders and survey respondents emphasized that computational models must be reproducible and credible to advance knee M&S.