bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Interfacial Curvature on Marangoni Instability at Water–Oil Interface
Authors: Nanzai Ben , Terashita Daisuke , Igawa Manabu
Published: August 2015

This study investigated Marangoni instability at the interface of water–oil biphasic systems with the reversal of the interfacial curvature. In a straight glass tube, a periodic Marangoni flow is observed when the oil phase is convex, but it is not observed when the aqueous phase is convex. The interface curvature is proposed as a novel condition for the occurrence of Marangoni instability.
Advances in understanding cartilage remodeling
Authors: Li Yefu , Xu Lin
Published: August 2015

Cartilage remodeling is currently among the most popular topics in osteoarthritis research. Remodeling includes removal of the existing cartilage and replacement by neo-cartilage. As a loss of balance between removal and replacement of articular cartilage develops (particularly, the rate of removal surpasses the rate of replacement), joints will begin to degrade. In the last few years, significant progress in molecular understanding of the cartilage remodeling process has been made. In this brief review, we focus on the discussion of some current “controversial” observations in articular cartilage degeneration: (1) the biological effect of transforming growth factor-beta 1 on developing and mature articular cartilages, (2) the question of whether aggrecanase 1 (ADAMTS4) and aggrecanase 2 (ADAMTS5) are key enzymes in articular cartilage destruction, and (3) chondrocytes versus chondron in the development of osteoarthritis. It is hoped that continued discussion and investigation will follow to better clarify these topics. Clarification will be critical for those in search of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Cities of the moscow region as centers of tourist attraction
Authors: Адашова Татьяна , Adashova Tatyana , Крейденко Татьяна , Kreydenko Tatyana
Published: August 2015

The tourism development, based on domestic and entry consumer has recently become especially important in the

modern Russian market of tourist services. It requires the development and implementation of new tourism business

projects, effective implication of territories which were less involved before. As an example, there were taken

the cities of the Moscow region for the study. The analysis of their tourist potential is evidence of little use in tourist

activity and, despite the proximity to the most powerful tourist centre of the country as Moscow, weak representation

in Federal target programs. Researching tourist features of the suburban cities, the authors emphasize their

undeniable advantages in comparison with other Russian cities. The first block is represented with their historical

role in the formation of the Russian state. Special attention is paid to the preservation of the historical environment

and the possibilities for its use in tourist programs and routes. There is discussed the conservation status of 22 “historical

cities”. Rich cultural and historical heritage of the cities of the Moscow region has permitted to allocate the

second block of advantages, giving opportunities for the development of all types of tourism. During the analysis of

existing cultural heritage objects of Federal, regional and local importance there was shown their role in attracting

tourist crowds. The author presents the uniqueness and significance of museums, mansions, monuments related to

the military events and other attractions of the Moscow Region. Special attention is paid to the state programs of

development of tourism in the Moscow region, city unions and associations whose members are cities of the Moscow

region. Evaluated approaches to solving existing problems and prospects of the developed projects concerned

Социально-экономические исследования в туризме и сервисе в России и за рубежом

38 научный журнал ВЕСТНИК АССОЦИАЦИИ ВУЗОВ ТУРИЗМА И СЕРВИСА 2015 / № 3 Том 9

in general, with increasing tourist attractiveness of the Moscow region. The article uses integrated approaches to

showing perspectives of tourism development in cities of the Moscow region which indicate the necessity of a unified

state strategy based on the principles of sustainable development and more effective search of innovative forms of

cooperation of state and municipal authorities with the involvement of private enterprises.
Model of education in the sphere of tourism as an invariant set of organizational-pedagogical conditions and principles
Authors: Сахарчук Елена , Sakharchuk Elena
Published: August 2015

System international educational comparative studies in the field of specialized tourism education, based on material

from several countries, are not yet available. One of the reasons for this is the lack of scientific and methodological

apparatus, the difficulties of the subject-object identification studies and the identification of the levels and

comparison options. However, the rapidly growing global tourism presents quite effective innovative training models

which would be particularly interesting in the present period, when the Russian education system in the field of

tourism is in the process of change associated with the transition to the next generation standards, and search for

the best forms and methods of organization of the pedagogical process in professional education. The relevance of

comparative studies of the experience of foreign models of education in the field of tourism is determined by the following

factors: the need of Russian pedagogics in the formulation of the theory of adequately solutions of problems

of conceptual approaches and mechanisms to improve the structure and content of vocational education in order

to adapt them to the needs of the developing field of domestic and international tourism; the lack of consistent

industry international comparative research based on the study of different models of tourism training, allowing to

identify the invariant set of organizational-pedagogical conditions of formation of the structure and the content of

the most effective models of training for tourism; the lack of methodological basis of system industry international

comparative research in the field of tourism. The article explains the structure of the model of education in the

sphere of tourism as an invariant set of organizational-pedagogical conditions and principles.
The Role of Boards of Directors in Tourist Organizations
Authors: Солвег Гарнес , Solveg Garnes , Кхелль Гронхауг , Kkhell Gronkhaug
Published: August 2015

Tourist organizations are destination-based institutions that draw together stakeholders with interests in tourism. Our present knowledge of the governance of such organizations is limited. The aim of this research was to explore directors’ roles and responsibilities, and determine whom they see themselves working for. Focus group interviews with 37 directors in Norwegian organizations revealed that boards undertake several responsibilities. There seemed to be a gap between what they considered important and the level of attention given to specific responsibilities. The study further revealed that a shareholder perspective was present, yet limited in the context of tourist organizations. A stakeholder perspective could partly explain their behavior. Boards of directors in tourist organizations care for many interests, not merely the organization’s owners. Theoretical and managerial implications based on the study results are highlighted.
The role of corporate memory in the management of organisational innovations
Authors: Новичкова Александра , Novichkova Aleksandra , Новичков Николай , Novichkov Nikolay , Малыгина Ольга , Malygina Olga
Published: August 2015

In the modern socio-economic conditions of the Russian Corporation they should work on new principles, the main of which is the mandatory implementation of the innovation. For its effective implementation the necessary institutional and other conditions should be created. However, innovative activity of an organization depends on the maintenance and development of competencies, which, in turn, need corporate memory, as a certain information base. This article describes the nature and content of corporate memory, presents its peculiarities and differences from other related concepts. Its sources from the organizational knowledge are given separately. Also the research examines the role and tasks of the corporate memory in the process of innovation of modern organizations in the face of intensifying competition.
The development of caravanning in the region: problems of modeling
Authors: Ульяниченко Людмила , Ulyanichenko Lyudmila , Гладская Инна , Gladskaya Inna , Виноградова Марина , Vinogradova Marina
Published: August 2015

The article examines the problems of modeling development of caravanning in the region. The objective of the problem is the disclosure of key inconsistencies between the use of program-target method of management and the actual development of caravanning. The authors based on the consideration of the essence of the process of modeling propose the modeling approach for the development of caravanning in the region and auto-tourism clusters formed within. This approach is based on the use of economic modeling techniques through the formation of a set of criteria and indicators characterizing the resulting indicators and the processes of interaction of elements of trailering. They propose the system of modeled parameters of regional trailering to be formed on the basis of a strategic tool becoming more and more popular today — a balanced scorecard (BSC). The authors proposed a corresponding matrix containing three blocks of parameters ofBSC and groups corresponding to each cell of the matrix of indicators, criteria and parameters. The paper notes that this matrix can be adapted to the modeling of auto-tourism cluster. In addition, the article considers the problem of the need for government intervention and feasibility of it in the development of caravanning clusters and cluster policy effectiveness. Article Submissions are based on scientific-theoretical and practical studies of trailering and related problems of modeling these processes. Problems of quality programming trailering study are based on failure models and the limited options that you can lay in each specific model. This situation necessitates the development of several models describing the same object from different angles. Since the processes of programming and simulation are closely linked, the problem, set in the article, is particularly relevant.
Soviet spreding of the cinema and film distribution during the second half of the 1940-ies. “Trophy movies” as the salvation of the film industry in the period of “malokartinye”
Authors: Косинова Марина , Kosinova Marina
Published: August 2015

The article discusses the recovery process of the destroyed film industry during one of the most difficult periods — the post-war years. During the years of the great Patriotic war The Soviet urban chain lost more than 500 cinemas, located in major cities and industrial centers. Rural cinema network lost almost half of the cinemas (about 7000). The construction of new urban cinemas was carried out very poorly in the early postwar years; for 5 years only 77 theaters had been built. The film distribution, as spreading of the cinema, developed very slowly in the postwar years. In addition to purely economic problems, in these years our film faced difficulties of a different nature. Films shown on the Soviet cinemas were forcibly shifted in the direction of ideological and political propaganda that led to a narrowing of the genre and thematic range of the Soviet cinema. The results of the work of the film industry itself were also affected with the consequences of policy "malokartinye» the authorship of which is attributed to Stalin. The essence of it was a controversial idea: to spend on movies less money, but earn more. As a result the movie industry was in a very difficult position. In 1947 it was decided to release in USSR a lot of foreign films, announced «trophy». These films caused a lot of criticism on the part of Agitprop, and in fact, saved the Soviet film distribution in the late 1940s — early 1950s. Fascination with foreign «innovations» was inevitable: the decline of the Soviet film industry didn´t allow satisfying the screen with new Soviet films, and nobody reduced plan profits from film distribution to the Ministry of cinematography. A great help in further raising the income of film distribution was the expansion of old Soviet films. In addition, cinema directors took a rather ingenious attempt of the extension of the films shown on cinemas at the expense of shooting on film theatrical productions.
The Impact and Evolution of Group Diversity in Online Open Collaboration
Authors: Ren Yuqing , Chen Jilin , Riedl John
Published: August 2015

Online open collaboration efforts, such as Wikipedia articles and open source software development, often involve a large crowd with diverse experiences and interests. Diversity, on the one hand, facilitates the access to and integration of a wide variety of information; on the other hand, it may cause conflict and hurt group performance. Although diversity’s effects have been the subject of many studies in offline work groups (with the results remaining inconclusive), its effects in online self-organizing groups are underexplored. In this paper, we examine 648 WikiProjects to understand (1) how tenure disparity and interest variety affect group productivity and member withdrawal and (2) how the two types of diversity evolve over time. Our results show a curvilinear effect of tenure disparity, which increases productivity and decreases member withdrawal, up to a point. Beyond that point, productivity slightly decreases, and members are more likely to withdraw. In comparison, our results show a positive effect of interest variety on productivity and no significant effects on withdrawal. We also find that, over a project’s life cycle, tenure disparity decreases and interest variety increases, with both converging toward the level that is optimal for group performance. Overall, our study highlights the importance of having diverse experiences and perspectives in online open collaboration and the power of self-organizing that helps groups evolve toward their high-performing zones. It also has practical implications on the design of collaboration tools and new forms of organizing work in traditional organizations.

This paper was accepted by Sandra Slaughter, information systems.
Análise dos benefícios da utilização de procedimentos baseados em desempenho e da utilização de aproximações de descida contínua na rota Galeão-Guarulhos
Authors: Pamplona Daniel Alberto , Fortes João Luiz de Castro , Alves Claudio Jorge Pinto
Published: August 2015

A introdução dos procedimentos PBN (Performance-Based Navigation) representa a busca pela otimização e melhor utilização do espaço aéreo e a sua implantação é considerada fundamental para os programas de modernização da navegação aérea em andamento em vários países, inclusive no Brasil. A implantação desse novo tipo de procedimento intro-duziu mudanças na operação das aeronaves, na inserção de novos procedimentos para controladores e pilotos e na introdução de sistemas de automação para suporte das operações aéreas e no solo. O objetivo desse artigo é analisar os benefícios da realização de Procedimentos de Navegação Baseados em Desempenho (PBN) e da utilização de Aproximações de Descida Contínua (CDA) na rota Galeão-Guarulhos. O estudo aplicou a simulação em tempo acelerado (fast-time) com o (Total Airspace and Airport Modeler) (TAAM) e considerou nove modelos diferentes de aeronaves. Utilizou como parâmetro de desempenho o combustível consumido. Os resultados do estudo mostraram que os benefícios da aplicação dessas técnicas variam conforme o modelo de aeronave.
Interpreting fatigue tests in hot mix asphalt (HMA) using concepts from viscoelasticity and damage mechanics
Authors: Lima Babadopulos Lucas Feitosa de Albuquerque , Soares Jorge Barbosa , Castelo Branco Verônica Teixeira Franco
Published: August 2015

O futuro método brasileiro de dimensionamento de pavimentos asfálticos possivelmente recomendará, em um nível básico, a realização do ensaio de compressão diametral de carga repetida como ferramenta para a caracterização de fadiga de misturas asfálticas. Em um nível mais avançado, caracterizações mecanísticas incluem a obtenção de propriedades de dano para posterior simulação do comportamento do material. Neste trabalho, duas misturas asfálticas foram avaliadas. A mais rígida delas foi obtida após o envelhecimento da mistura asfáltica original. Estas apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes quanto às propriedades de dano (curva característica de dano segundo o Simplified Viscoelastic Continuum Damage - S-VECD - model). Porém, a mistura asfáltica envelhecida necessitou de seis vezes mais ciclos até a ruptura do material durante o ensaio por compressão diametral, se comparada à mistura asfáltica de referência. O controle da força aplicada durante os pulsos de carga, em vez da tensão, leva à execução de carregamentos diferentes em materiais diferentes. Não havendo inversão do sinal do carregamento, a fluência se acumula levando o material ao dano e à ruptura. Misturas asfálticas mais rígidas e com parcela de comportamento viscoso menos pronunciada tendem a apresentar melhor resposta (maior número de repetições de carga antes da ruptura) nesse ensaio. Consequentemente, seu uso pode levar a falsas conclusões sobre a resistência à fadiga de misturas asfálticas.

 
Vom Frieden her denken. Ökumenische Impulse zur friedensethischen Diskussion
Authors: Raiser Konrad
Published: August 2015

In the discussion on peace ethics, a shift of awareness is gradually taking place, manifest in the abandonment of the classical idea of »just war« and the increasing acceptance of the guiding principle of »just peace«. This complex process aims at founding ethics on the principle of peace instead of war. This essay traces the argumentation of the most recent statements of the EKD (Evangelical Church in Germany) and the Ecumenical Council of Churches. The reorientation of peace ethics has to cope with the moral dilemma whether or not, in spite of the basic advocacy of non-violence, the deployment of violence to protect threatened human lives is acceptable. This essay makes suggestions for the solution of such a dilemma and addresses some concrete consequences of peace ethics as it attempts to argue from the principle of peace
Am Beginn eines ökumenischen »Pilgerwegs der Gerechtigkeit und des Friedens«. Für eine theologisch begründete, politisch verantwortliche und ökumenisch anschlussfähige Friedensethik – aus der Perspektive der Friedenskirchen
Authors: Enns Fernando
Published: August 2015

It seems that peace ethics nowadays faces new challenges because of so-called ›new wars‹, ›asymmetric conflicts‹, ›hybrid warfare‹ and ›failing states‹. Yet political reactions and peaceethical arguments still draw back on old rationales based on the putatively overcome ›just war doctrine‹. Contrary to it, the ecumenical movement has long developed the new conceptual framework of ›just peace‹, which has been continued as the ›pilgrims’ way of peace and justice‹ by the World Council of Churches. - In order to overcome the apparent lack of political alternatives, the present essay assesses this discussion critically from the perspective of Peace Churches and shows new ways towards a peace ethics which is theologically founded, politically reasonable and compatible with ecumenism.
Multi-component synthesis of highly substituted imidazoles catalyzed by nanorod vanadatesulfuric acid
Authors: Nasr-Esfahani Masoud , Montazerozohori Morteza , Abdizadeh Tooba
Published: August 2015

Nanorod vanadatesulfuric acid (VSA NRs), as a recyclable and eco-benign catalyst, was used for one-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles using aldehydes, benzil, benzoin or 9,10-phenanthrenequinone and ammonium acetate or aniline under solvent-free conditions providing high to excellent yields. VSA is easily prepared by a simple reaction of chlorosulfonic acid and sodium metavanadate in high purity. As compared with the conventional procedures, the present protocol offers several advantages such as simplicity of procedure, short reaction time, high yields, easy workup, recoverability and reusability of the catalyst and simple purification of the products.
Electric fields in zeolites: fundamental features and environmental implications‡
Authors: Rhodes Christopher J.
Published: August 2015

A critical review of zeolites and their use in practical applications is presented. Specifically-considered are their role as media for selective light-induced oxidations using molecular O
Estimates of the Distance to the Set of Solenoidal Vector Fields and Applications
to A Posteriori Error Control
Authors: Repin Sergey
Published: August 2015

The paper is concerned with computable estimates
of the distance between a vector-valued function in
the Sobolev space

W

1
,
γ

(
Ω
,

ℝ
d

)

$W^{1,\gamma }(\Omega ,\mathbb {R}^d)$

(where

γ
∈
(
1
,
+
∞
)

${\gamma \in (1,+\infty )}$

and
Ω is a bounded Lipschitz domain in ℝ
d
)
and the subspace

S

1
,
γ

(
Ω
,

ℝ
d

)

${S^{1,\gamma }(\Omega ,\mathbb {R}^d)}$

containing all divergence-free (solenoidal) vector functions. Derivation of these estimates is closely related to the stability theorem that establishes
existence of a bounded operator inverse to the operator

div

${\operatorname{div}}$

.
The constant in the respective stability inequality
arises in the estimates of the distance to the set

S

1
,
γ

(
Ω
,

ℝ
d

)

${S^{1,\gamma }(\Omega ,\mathbb {R}^d)}$

. In general,
it is difficult to find a guaranteed and realistic upper bound of this global constant.
We suggest a way to circumvent this difficulty by using
weak (integral mean) solenoidality conditions and
localized versions of the stability theorem.
They are derived for the case where
Ω is represented
as a union of simple subdomains (overlapping or non-overlapping),
for which estimates of the corresponding stability constants are known.
These new versions of the stability theorem
imply estimates of the distance to

S

1
,
γ

(
Ω
,

ℝ
d

)

${S^{1,\gamma }(\Omega ,\mathbb {R}^d)}$

that involve only
local constants associated with subdomains. Finally, the estimates are used for deriving fully computable
a posteriori estimates for problems in the theory of incompressible viscous fluids.
On Application of Langevin Dynamics in Logarithmic Potential to Model Ion Channel Gate Activity
Authors: Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka Agata , Borys Przemysław , Grzywna Zbigniew J.
Published: August 2015

We model the activity of an ion channel gate by Langevin dynamics in a logarithmic potential. This approach enables one to describe the power-law dwell-time distributions of the considered system, and the long-term correlations between the durations of the subsequent channel states, or fractal scaling of statistical characteristics of the gate’s movement with time. Activity of an ion channel gate is described as an overdamped motion of the reaction coordinate in a confining logarithmic potential, which ensures great flexibility of the model. Depending on the chosen parameters, it allows one to reproduce many types of gate dynamics within the family of non-Markovian, anomalous conformational diffusion processes. In this study we apply the constructed model to largeconductance voltage and Ca
Crystal size and shape distribution systematics of plagioclase and the determination of crystal residence times in the micromonzogabbros of Qisir Dagh, SE of Sabalan volcano (NW Iran)
Authors: Pourkhorsandi Hamed , Mirnejad Hassan , Raiesi Davoud , Hassanzadeh Jamshid
Published: August 2015

The Qisir Dagh igneous complex occurs as a combination of volcanic and intrusive rocks to the south-east of the Sabalan volcano, north-western Iran. Micromonzogabbroic rocks in the region consist of plagioclase, alkaline feldspar and clinopyroxene as the major mineral phases and orthopyroxene, olivine, apatite and opaque minerals as the accessory minerals. Microgranular and microporphyritic textures are well developed in these rocks. Considering the importance of plagioclase in reconstructing magma cooling processes, the size and shape distribution and chemical composition of this mineral were investigated. Based on microscopic studies, it is shown that the 2-dimensional size average of plagioclase in the micromonzogabbros is 538 micrometers and its 3-dimensional shape varies between tabular to prolate. Crystal size distribution diagrams point to the presence of at least two populations of plagioclase, indicating the occurrence of magma mixing and/or fractional crystallization during magma cooling. The chemical composition of plagioclase shows a wide variation in abundances of Anorthite-Albite-Orthoclase (An=0.31–64.58, Ab=29.26–72.13, Or=0.9–66.97), suggesting a complex process during the crystal growth. This is also supported by the formation of antiperthite lamellae, which formed as the result of alkali feldspar exsolution in plagioclase. The calculated residence time of magma in Qisir Dagh, based on 3D crystal size distribution data, and using growth rate G=10−10mm/s, varies between 457 and 685 years, which indicates a shallow depth (near surface) magma crystallization and subvolcanic nature of the studied samples.
Phytosociology and Ecology of Cressa Cretica L. (Convolvulaceae) on the Eastern Adriatic Coast
Authors: Jasprica Nenad , Milović Milenko , Romić Marija
Published: August 2015

The present phytosociological study of the eastern Adriatic coastal salt-marsh at Blato, Croatia, is based on the Braun-Blanquet approach. Five plant associations were recorded in the area: Juncetum maritimo-acuti, Puccinellio festuciformis-Sarcocornietum fruticosae, Scirpetum maritimi, Enteromorpho intestinalidis-Ruppietum maritimae and Cressetum creticae. The association Cressetum creticae was found for the first time in Croatia as well as on the eastern Adriatic coast. This therophytic and halo-nitrophilous association shows a monospecific or paucispecific character and occupies the most haline and the driest parts of the salt-marsh. The association develops during the summer on silty clay substrates with organic matter derived from the decay of plants of the neighboring communities. According to key soil factor analysis no differences of grain size of the soils among the associations were found, while regarding electrical conductivity, Cl- and Na+ concentrations were higher in the Cressetum creticae than in any of the others associations. The particular original features of the site regarding its flora and vegetation would justify some measures of protection and management.
Combining Approaches to Support High Nature Value Farmland in Southern Transylvania , Romania
Authors: Sutcliffe Laura , Akeroyd John , Page Nat , Popa Razvan
Published: August 2015

The region of Tarnava Mare in Southern Transylvania contains extensive semi-natural open landscapes maintained by predominantly low-intensity farming, which is widespread in Romania and indeed many areas of Eastern Europe. Threats to these species-rich habitats from agricultural intensification and land abandonment have been increasing in recent years, to a large extent linked with Romania’s accession to the EU in 2007. At the same time, however, the opportunities for biodiversity conservation in the area have expanded. In 2008, the region became a Site of Community Importance (SCI) as part of the Natura 2000 network, and farmers have applied agri-environment schemes as part of the EU Common Agricultural Policy since 2006. Furthermore, the Tarnava Mare region has been the location of several EU and nationally funded projects combining research, practical and information measures. In this article, we review these various instruments from the practical perspective of an NGO that has been working since 2004 to support High Nature Value farmland and rural communities in this region. We focus on three major support measures - agri-environment schemes, Natura 2000, and publicly funded conservation projects - and consider their effects individually and collectively. We conclude that the presence of multiple instruments can have synergistic effects on the conservation of semi-natural open habitats such as HNV farmland, and that this overlap provides a certain amount of resilience: if one instrument fails, another may fill the gap. Cross-cutting projects combining research with activities to tackle the “problem” of the socio-economic undesirability of low-intensity farming as well as the “symptom” of the loss of HNV farmland are also particularly important in this context.
Ecosystem Functions of Steppe Landscapes Near Lake Baikal
Authors: Vanteeva Julia V. , Solodyankina Svetlana V.
Published: August 2015

Recreational activity has a significant impact on the Priol’khonie steppes and forest steppes, which are part of the Pribaikalskyi National Park (western coast of Lake Baikal, Russia). The aim of this investigation is the assessment of different landscapes’ values for the provision of ecosystems functions and services. To meet these objectives, fieldwork was conducted in the Priol’khonie steppes and forest steppes during the summer of 2013. The function of phytomass formation was considered for different land-cover types identified in the area, and the above-ground phytomass and inter-rill erosion were measured. The level of landscape degradation was estimated and draft maps of phytomass stocks and vulnerability to soil erosion of the investigated area were compiled. To show the dependence between the studied ecosystem functions and the ecosystem services provided by them, a scoring of the latter was made. It was found that characteristics of ecosystem functions varied significantly in the steppes of the Priol’khonie.
Void Formation during Diffusion – Two-Dimensional Approach
Authors: Wierzba Bartek
Published: August 2015

The final set of equations defining the interdiffusion process in solid state is presented. The model is supplemented by vacancy evolution equation. The competition between the Kirkendall shift, backstress effect and vacancy migration is considered. The proper diffusion flux based on the Nernst–Planck formula is proposed. As a result, the comparison of the experimental and calculated evolution of the void formation in the Fe-Pd diffusion couple is shown.
Prevalence of injury in ultra trail running
Authors: Malliaropoulos Nikolaos , Mertyri Dimitra , Tsaklis Panagiotis
Published: August 2015

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to find the rate of musculoskeletal injuries in ultra-trail runners, investigate the most sensitive anatomical areas, and discover associated predicting factors to aid in the effective prevention and rapid rehabilitation of trail running injuries.

Methods

Forty ultra trail runners responded to an epidemiological questionnaire.

Results

At least one running injury was reported by 90% of the sample, with a total of 135 injuries were reported (111 overuse injuries, 24 appeared during competing). Lower back pain was the most common source of injury (42.5%). Running in the mountains (p = 0.0004) and following a personalized training schedule (p = 0.0995) were found to be protective factors. Runners involved in physical labor are associated with more injuries (p = 0.058). Higher-level runners are associated with more injuries than lower-level cohorts (p = 0.067), with symptoms most commonly arising in the lower back (p = 0.091), hip joint (p = 0.083), and the plantar surface of the foot (p = 0.054). Experienced runners (> 6 years) are at greater risk of developing injuries (p = 0.001), especially in the lower back (p = 0.012), tibia (p = 0.049), and the plantar surface of the foot (p = 0 .028). Double training sessions could cause hip joint injury (p = 0.060).

Conclusions

In order to avoid injury, it is recommended to train mostly on mountain trails and have a training program designed by professionals.
Semantics and morphosyntax in predictive L2 sentence processing
Authors: Hopp Holger
Published: August 2015

In the context of current approaches to anticipation in native and non-native sentence processing, this paper investigates whether late second-language (L2) learners integrate morphosyntax, i.e. case marking, and verb semantics to generate anticipations in L2 sentence comprehension. In a visual-world eye-tracking experiment with 45 L1 English L2 learners of German and 12 German natives, German natives are found to integrate morphosyntactic and lexical-semantic information in anticipatory processing, while L2 learners only rely on lexical-semantic information for prediction. Moreover, there is no indication that increasing proficiency leads to the involvement of morphosyntax in predictive L2 processing. We discuss reasons for the lower sensitivity to morphosyntax in anticipatory L2 sentence processing.
What are historical sociolinguistics?
Authors: Nevalainen Terttu
Published: August 2015

This paper takes a look at recent shifts in sociolinguistic paradigms and considers their applications to historical sociolinguistic research. Besides growth areas such as multilingualism, a current trend is convergence of established approaches. My discussion focuses on those that go even further, bridging the gap between macro- and micro-levels of analysis in the historical context of study. Presented as interdependent levels, layers or domains of analysis, these models usually imply that the analyst needs to cross boundaries between established sociolinguistic paradigms when moving from one level of analysis to another. From the analyst’s perspective the issues include the layered simultaneity of the multiple contexts present at any given point in time and the ways in which their chronologies stretch over time and space. I discuss the reconstruction of macro- and micro-contexts and their interdependence by presenting a case study of Samuel Pepys, a seventeenth-century English naval administrator. I conclude by advocating both informational maximalism and an empirical baseline for such studies. Digital humanities will no doubt facilitate this research in the future.
Tele-Health Monitoring of Patient Wellness
Authors: Sparks Ross Stewart , Okugami Chris
Published: August 2015

The vital signs of chronically ill patients are monitored daily. The record flags when a specific vital sign is stable or when it trends into dangerous territory. Patients also self-assess their current state of well-being, i.e. whether they are feeling worse than usual, neither unwell nor very well compared to usual, or are feeling better than usual. This paper examines whether past vital sign data can be used to forecast how well a patient is going to feel the next day. Reliable forecasting of a chronically sick patient’s likely state of health would be useful in regulating the care provided by a community nurse, scheduling care when the patient needs it most. The hypothesis is that the vital signs indicate a trend before a person feels unwell and, therefore, are lead indicators of a patient going to feel unwell. Time series and classification or regression tree methods are used to simplify the process of observing multiple measurements such as body temperature, heart rate, etc., by selecting the vital sign measures, which best forecast well-being. We use machine learning techniques to automatically find the best combination of these vital sign measurements and their rules that forecast the wellness of individual patients. The machine learning models provide rules that can be used to monitor the future wellness of a patient and regulate their care plans.
A developed equation for predicting the vapor pressure of C-H-O hydrocarbons
Authors: Reiszadeh Mehdi , Sanjari Ehsan , Jali Zahra , Saviz Baktash Mohammad
Published: August 2015

Prediction of the available vapor pressure
data in the case of C-H-O hydrocarbons led to derivation and recommendation
of standard equations for this property. The accuracy of vapor pressure
estimations is essential because it is used as a basis to calculate the
acentric factor and the thermal and equilibrium properties. In this study,
an accurately developed equation for calculation of vapor pressure is
presented for 213 pure C-H-O hydrocarbons as a function of reduced
temperature and critical pressure. With this equation, vapor pressures have
been calculated and compared with the experimental data reported in the
literatures for 213 pure hydrocarbons for more than 3800 data points, and
the overall average absolute percentage deviation is only 0.286%.
The accuracy of the developed equation has been compared to Antoine, Wagner, and
other most used equations, and the comparison indicates that the developed
method provides more accurate results than other methods used in this work.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Study of Non-conventional Morphological Brains: malnourished rats
Authors: Martin R. , Vazquez F. , Solis-Najera S.E. , Marrufo O. , Godinez R. , Rodriguez A. O.
Published: August 2015

Malnutrition during brain development can cause serious problems that can be irreversible. Dysfunctional patterns of brain activity can be detected with functional MRI. We used BOLD functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to investigate region differences of brain activity between control and malnourished rats. The food-competition method was applied to a rat model to induce malnutrition during lactation. A 7T magnet was used to detect changes of the BOLD signal associated with changes in brain activity caused by the trigeminal nerve stimulation in malnourished and control rats. Major neuronal activation was observed in malnourished rats in several brain regions, including cerebellum, somatosensory cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Statistical analysis of the BOLD signals from various brain areas revealed significant differences in somatosensory cortex between the control and experimental groups, as well as a significant difference between the cerebellum and other structures in the experimental group. This study, particularly in malnourished rats, demonstrates increased BOLD activation in the cerebellum.
Repeated Loading of Cohesive Soil – Shakedown Theory in Undrained Conditions
Authors: Głuchowski Andrzej , Szymański Alojzy , Sas Wojciech
Published: August 2015

The development of industry and application of new production techniques could bring about extraordinary problems that have been neglected. One of these challenges in terms of soil mechanics is high frequency cyclic loading. Well constructed foundation may reduce this troublesome phenomenon but excluding it is usually uneconomic.

In this paper, shakedown theory assumptions were studied. Cyclically loaded soils behave in various ways depending on the applied stress rate. Common cohesive soils in Poland, i.e., sandy-silty clays are problematic and understanding of their behaviour in various conditions is desired. In order to study repeated loading of this material, cyclic triaxial test were carried out. Cyclic loading tests were conducted also in one way compression. These methods in small strain regime allow permanent strain increment analysis with resilient response after numerous cycles. This behaviour was subsequently exploited in the study of shakedown theory. This paper contains some conclusions concerning the above-mentioned theory.
Liquefaction of Saturated Soil and the Diffusion Equation
Authors: Sawicki Andrzej , Sławińska Justyna
Published: August 2015

The paper deals with the diffusion equation for pore water pressures with the source term, which is widely promoted in the marine engineering literature. It is shown that such an equation cannot be derived in a consistent way from the mass balance and the Darcy law. The shortcomings of the artificial source term are pointed out, including inconsistencies with experimental data. It is concluded that liquefaction and the preceding process of pore pressure generation and the weakening of the soil skeleton should be described by constitutive equations within the well-known framework of applied mechanics. Relevant references are provided
Evaluation of the Impact of Hydrostatic Pressure and Lode Angle on the Strength of the Rock Mass Based on the Hoek–Brown Criterion
Authors: Marczak Halina
Published: August 2015

Determination of the global uniaxial compressive strength of rock mass on the basis of the Hoek-Brown failure criterion requires knowledge of the strength parameters: cohesion and the angle of internal friction. In the conventional method for the determination of these parameters given by Balmer, they are expressed by the minimum principal stress. Thus, this method does not allow for the assessment of an impact of hydrostatic pressure and stress path on the value of cohesion, friction angle and global uniaxial compression of rock mass. This problem can be eliminated by using the Hoek-Brown criterion expressed by the invariants of the stress state. The influence of hydrostatic pressure and the Lode angle on the strength parameters of the rock mass was analysed.
Visualization and analysis of crystal structures using CrystalMaker software
Authors: Palmer David C.
Published: August 2015

This paper describes the CrystalMaker software suite, which includes modular programs for crystal and molecular structures visualization, modeling and diffraction simulation. The underlying rationale for the software is discussed, and several applications are given for teaching and research in crystal chemistry and molecular dynamics. A free CrystalViewer program, for students, is also discussed.
Novel conformationally constrained pyrazole derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents
Authors: Kasiotis Konstantinos M. , Tzanetou Evangelia N. , Stagos Dimitrios , Fokialakis Nikolas , Koutsotheodorou Eleni , Kouretas Dimitrios , Haroutounian Serkos A.
Published: August 2015

The synthesis of 17 novel conformationally constrained pyrazole derivatives is reported herein, along with the assessment of their anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic activities. The evaluation of their inhibitory effect on cell proliferation against HepG2, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells revealed the pyrrolo[2,3-g]indazole 23 as a potent inhibitor of cell growth with IC50 values of 5 μm. Additionally, the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor by pyrazoles 20 and 23 (30 % and 35 %, respectively) in HeLa supernatant cells was evidenced. These findings highlight the usefulness of these compounds as potential scaffolds for the design and development of novel anti-cancer agents with pronounced anti-angiogenic activity.
On the Relation between Population Kinetics and State-to-State Rate Coefficients for Vibrational Energy Transfer
Authors: Dashevskaya Elena I. , Litvin Ilya , Nikitin Evgeny E.
Published: August 2015

The relation between time-dependent population of vibrational state
and collision-induced state-to-state rate coefficients is discussed
within the Landau–Teller kinetic equations for the relaxation of
harmonic oscillators in a heat bath. In particular, the increase of
the populations in the first and the second vibrational state of an
initially cold oscillator shows a considerable variety of its relation
to a single Landau–Teller state-to-state rate coefficient. It is
suggested that this variety should be kept in mind when experimental
studies of the relaxation of specific level are analyzed.
LC–MS/MS based determination of basal- and ACTH-stimulated plasma concentrations of 11 steroid hormones: implications for detecting heterozygote CYP21A2 mutation carriers
Authors: Kulle A E , Riepe F G , Hedderich J , Sippell W G , Schmitz J , Niermeyer L , Holterhus P M
Published: August 2015

Objective

Heterozygosity in 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) has been associated with hyperandrogenemic symptoms in children and adults. Moreover, the carrier status is mandatory for genetic counseling. We aimed at defining a hormonal parameter for carrier detection by mass spectrometry.

Design

Eleven basal and ACTH-stimulated steroid hormones of heterozygous carriers ofCYP21A2mutations and control individuals were compared.

Method

Hormones were determined in plasma samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in 58 carriers (35 males, 23 females, age range 6–78 years) and 44 random controls (25 males, 19 females, age range 8–58 years).

Results

Heterozygotes could be identified best applying the 17-hydroxyprogesterone+21-deoxycortisol/cortisol×1000 ((17OHP+21S)/F×1000) equation 30 min after ACTH injection. An optimal cut-off value of 8.4 provided 89% sensitivity and specificity. Considering this data and a published frequency of heterozygotes of 1/50 to 1/61, the positive predictive value (PPV) of this cut-off is 12%. Of note, the negative predictive value (NPV) excluding heterozygosity in a given patient is 99.8%.

Conclusion

Considering only marginal biochemical effects anticipated from heterozygosity, the stimulated ((17OHP+21S)/F×1000) identifies and excludes heterozygotes remarkably well. Nevertheless, LC–MS/MS cannot replace genetic testing, since sensitivity and specificity did not reach 100%. However, due to the considerably high NPV of the optimal cut-off and to a specificity of even 100% applying a cut-off higher than 14.7, hormonal assessment of heterozygosity can be of significant aid in conditions with limited access to genetic testing, as in some health care systems. The ((17OHP+21S)/F×1000) equation can guide diagnostic considerations in the differential diagnosis of hyperandrogenism.
Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia after Liver Transplantation Complicated with Inferior Vena Cava Stenosis: a Clue for Etiopathogenesis?
Authors: Coelho Rosa , Rodrigues Susana , Rodrigues-Pinto Eduardo , Silva Roberto , Lopes Joanne , Macedo Guilherme
Published: August 2015

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia is a histopathological diagnosis characterized by the diffuse transformation of the liver parenchyma into regenerative nodules associated with rheumatologic and hematologic disorders, azathioprine immunosuppression or vascular injuries. The authors report the case of a 60-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of familial systemic paramyloidosis submitted to liver transplantation complicated by a hepatic artery thrombosis. A second liver transplant was performed and after 6 months she developed ascites and peripheral edema. The abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed an inferior vena cava stenosis. She underwent balloon angioplasty and an endovascular prosthesis was placed. The patient remained asymptomatic under immunosuppression with tacrolymus for 4 years, when she complained of peripheral edema and ascites. Laboratory work-up showed anemia and hypoalbuminemia with liver chemistry within the normal range. The ascites fluid analysis revealed a serum ascites albumin gradient superior to 1.1 g/L. Abdominal Doppler ultrasound and abdominopelvic CT angiogram confirmed endovascular prosthesis permeability. A percutaneous hepatic biopsy specimen was taken and histologic analysis showed, with reticulin stain, focal regenerative nodules of hyperplastic hepatocytes and internodular hepatocyte atrophy, compatible with the diagnosis of nodular regenerative hyperplasia. The case described is of particular interest as the nodular regenerative hyperplasia occurred after liver transplantation complicated with inferior vena cava stenosis, which might have contributed in a crucial way to liver parenchyma transformation.
A Case of Duodenal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Treated with Amrubicin as Second-line Chemotherapy
Authors: Inoue Tadahisa , Sano Hitoshi , Mizushima Takashi , Nishie Hirotada , Iwasaki Hiroyasu , Okumura Fumihiro
Published: August 2015

We present the case of a Japanese man in his 60s with duodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma with distant metastases. Chemotherapy with irinotecan plus cisplatin was initiated as a first-line regimen. However, disease progression was observed after only two cycles. Therefore, amrubicin was administered as a second-line chemotherapy. The patient showed a long-term effect of amrubicin therapy, and the best response was a partial response after seven cycles. For duodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma, amrubicin therapy can be considered an effective treatment option as salvage chemotherapy.