bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping stem volume in fast-growing eucalypt plantations: integrating spectral, textural, and temporal remote sensing information with forest inventories and spatial models
Authors: Aló Lívia Lanzi , le Maire Guerric , Thiersch Cláudio Roberto , Mota Thiago Santos , Pinheiro Rafael Costa , de Souza Passos José Raimundo
Published: October 2024

Key message

Accurate volume estimation in Eucalyptus plantation stands was achieved by a linear model using SPOT and Landsat multispectral imagery, specifically texture indices and pixel-scale NDVI time integrals, which reflect the local plantation growth history. Spatial modelling techniques such as Kriging with External Drift and Generalized Additive Model slightly improved predictions by accounting for spatial correlation of volume between sample points.

Context

Forest inventories are widely used to estimate stand production. To capture the inherent spatial variability within stands, spatial modelling techniques such as Kriging with External Drift (KED) and the generalized additive model (GAM) have emerged. These models incorporate information on spatial correlation and auxiliary variables that can be obtained from satellite imagery.

Aims

Our study explored the use of reflectance data from SPOT and Landsat multispectral imagery. We focused on texture indices and temporal integration of vegetation indices as auxiliary variables in KED and GAM to predict stem volume of fast-growing Eucalyptus sp. plantations in Brazil.

Methods

The components extracted from the high-resolution SPOT-6 image included spectral band values, band ratio metrics, key vegetation indices (NDVI, SAVI, and ARVI), texture measurements, and indices derived from texture analysis. Additionally, we included the accumulated NDVI time series acquired from Landsat 5, 7, and 8 satellites between the planting date and the forest inventory measurement date.

Results

The best linear model of stem volume using remotely sensed predictors gave an R-squared value of 0.95 and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 12.44 m3/ha. The R-squared increased to 0.96 and the RMSE decreased to 10.6 m3/ha when the same predictors were included as auxiliary variables in the KED and GAM spatial models.

Conclusion

The linear model using remotely sensed predictors contributed most to volume prediction, but the addition of spatial coordinates in the KED and GAM spatial models improved local volume predictions.
Fertility outcomes in cows with subclinical endometritis after clinical cure of clinical endometritis
Authors: Barański Wojciech , Zduńczyk Sławomir , Tobolski Dawid , Krupa Milena
Published: October 2024

Clinical endometritis (CE) is common in post-partum dairy cows and is associated with impaired reproductive performance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical endometritis (SE) in cows clinically cured of CE on their fertility. The study was performed on 215 Holstein Friesian cows with CE diagnosed by vaginoscopy and ultrasound between 21 and 28 days after parturition. All cows were clinically examined three times at an interval of 2 weeks. Cows without signs of CE were considered cured, and endometrial samples from the uteri were collected by cytobrush to diagnose SE using cytological evaluation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) percentage. The threshold for SE was set at ≥ 5% PMNs. Intervals calving to oestrus and calving to conception, first AI pregnancy rate, pregnancy rate 200 days after artificial insemination (AI), the number of AI per pregnancy (AI/P), pregnancy loss, and culling rate were calculated. SE was diagnosed in 40.9% of cows clinically cured of CE. There were significant differences in the AI/P (3.2 vs. 2.6; p < 0.027) and the pregnancy loss (18.2% vs. 4.7%; p < 0.002) between cows with SE and without SE. Cows with SE showed a tendency towards longer interval calving to conception, lower pregnancy rate 200 days after AI, and higher culling rate. In conclusion, SE after a clinical cure of CE may reduce fertility in dairy cows.
Exploring the co-creation-innovativeness paradox: distance as an ecosystem characteristic of university spin-offs
Authors: Öberg Christina , Grundström Christina
Published: October 2024

Through empirical investigations into university spin-offs (USOs), we discovered innovativeness benefits derived from maintaining both academia and business partners at a distance. Distance should not be misconstrued as isolation; rather, it emphasises specific attributes where partners are maintained at arm’s length, affecting co-creation. Consequently, this paper explores how distance impacts the co-creation and innovativeness of USOs. It presents a longitudinal case study of a Swedish USO and conceptualises various types of distances, including actor-type, industry, supply-chain, geographical and knowledge-related distances. We explore the interplay between these different distance types as antecedents to USOs’ innovativeness and co-creation activities. The paper contributes to the existing literature by introducing the concept of distance as a critical characteristic affecting innovativeness and co-creation. By delineating various types of distances, it refines previous research on the characteristics of firm connections within university and business ecosystems.
Bacillus CotA laccase improved the intestinal health, amino acid metabolism and hepatic metabolic capacity of Pekin ducks fed naturally contaminated AFB1 diet
Authors: Ma Mingxin , Wang Qianqian , Liu Yanrong , Li Guiming , Liu Limeng , Wang Gaigai , Guo Yongpeng , Huang Shimeng , Ma Qiugang , Ji Cheng , Zhao Lihong
Published: October 2024

Background

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a prevalent contaminant in agricultural products, presenting significant risks to animal health. CotA laccase from Bacillus licheniformis has shown significant efficacy in degrading mycotoxins in vitro test. The efficacy of Bacillus CotA laccase in animals, however, remains to be confirmed. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to investigate the effects of Bacillus CotA laccase level (0 or 1 U/kg), AFB1 challenge (challenged or unchallenged) and their interactions on ducks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Bacillus CotA laccase in alleviating AFB1 toxicosis of ducks.

Results

Bacillus CotA laccase alleviated AFB1-induced declines in growth performance of ducks accompanied by improved average daily gain (ADG) and lower feed/gain ratio (F/G). Bacillus CotA laccase ameliorated AFB1-induced gut barrier dysfunctions and inflammation testified by increasing the jejunal villi height/crypt depth ratio (VH/CD) and the mRNA expression of tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) as well as decreasing the expression of inflammation-related genes in the jejunum of ducks. Amino acid metabolome showed that Bacillus CotA laccase ameliorated AFB1-induced amino acid metabolism disorders evidenced by increasing the level of glutamic acid in serum and upregulating the expression of amino acid transport related genes in jejunum of ducks. Bacillus CotA laccase ameliorated AFB1-induced liver injury testified by suppressing oxidative stress, inhibiting apoptosis, and downregulating the expression of hepatic metabolic enzyme related genes of ducks. Moreover, Bacillus CotA laccase degraded AFB1 in digestive tract of ducks, resulting in the reduced absorption level of AFB1 across intestinal epithelium testified by the decreased level of AFB1-DNA adduct in the liver, and the reduced content of AFB1 residues in liver and feces of ducks.

Conclusions

Bacillus CotA laccase effectively improved the growth performance, intestinal health, amino acid metabolism and hepatic aflatoxin metabolism of ducks fed AFB1 diets, highlighting its potential as an efficient and safe feed enzyme for AFB1 degradation in animal production.

Graphical Abstract
Modern agriculture and One Health
Authors: Zhang Guangzhi , Qiu Yu , Boireau Pascal , Zhang Yinghui , Ma Xin , Jiang Hui , Xin Ting , Zhang Maodun , Tadesse Zelalem , Wani Nisar Ahmad , Song Junxia , Ding Jiabo
Published: October 2024

Background

The development of modern agriculture has significantly contributed to improving global food security and safety, alleviating poverty, and enhancing human health and livelihoods. However, the rapid advancement of modern agriculture has also brought about various challenges that limit its sustainable development. This commentary aims to discuss these issues through the One Health lens, and provide valuable insights for balancing modern agricultural activities with the need to protect and promote the health of all the sectors.

Main text

This commentary explores the multifaceted impacts of modern agriculture on social development, as well as the associated various health challenges and environmental impacts within the One Health framework. Key issues include ecosystem degradation, increased risk of interspecies disease transmission like zoonoses, reverse zoonoses, and vector-borne diseases, and the escalated threat of antimicrobial resistance due to intensified agricultural production and increased antimicrobial use. To address these challenges, this commentary outlines potential solutions anchored in the development and implementation of modern technologies and good agricultural practices, such as precision farming, integrated pest management, biosecurity measures, vaccination programs, as well as surveillance and early detection of health risks.

Conclusions

Good agricultural practices supported by scientific and technological advancements are essential for aligning productivity with the One Health vision, ensuring the health and resilience of all the sectors. Enhancing stakeholder education, strengthening regulatory frameworks, and providing supportive policies and infrastructure for farmers to adopt sustainable practices are crucial for the long-term viability of agrifood systems. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations plays a pivotal role in guiding this sustainable transformation through the One Health approach.
Comparison of wall paintings at Ostia Antica by NMR depth profiling
Authors: Urbanek Matea , Bader Jan , Krüger Daniel , Yong Alissa , Becker Hilary , Frick Jürgen , Anders Jens , Del Federico Eleonora , Tomassini Paolo , Blümich Bernhard
Published: October 2024

Painted walls were analyzed at Ostia Antica, the ancient port of Rome, with the aim to trace the evolution of the buildings in the city. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) depth profiles were acquired from walls and mortar fragments to image the stratigraphy of the mortar-layer preparations for the painted surfaces produced over more than five centuries from the second century BC to the third century AD. The profiles are compared in search of similarity to obtain clues suggesting alike workmanship and contemporaneous origin, and to retrace the transformations of execution technique in time.
Perceived healthiness of foods, food avoidance and diet-related anxiety in individuals with self-reported irritable bowel syndrome: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nybacka Sanna , Kinnander Anton , Augustin Hanna , Bärebring Linnea
Published: October 2024

Background

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder in which the intake of food is known to exacerbate symptoms. Experiencing food related symptoms can lead to avoidance of food, and cause anxiety related to food intake. We aimed to explore perceptions of the healthiness of food, food avoidance, and food-related worry and anxiety among individuals with and without IBS.

Methods

This study was based on a survey conducted in January-February 2017. In total, 2000 participants aged 20–65 were invited by postal letter randomly obtained through the Swedish state personal address register. The questionnaire included aspects of socioeconomic position, different disorders including IBS and food intolerances, food avoidance, and food-related worry or anxiety.

Results

In total, 538 participants were included in this study, of whom 8.4% (n = 45) reported having IBS. There were few differences regarding the perceived healthiness of foods between individuals with and without IBS. Participants with IBS avoided gluten (OR 3.45, p = 0.002), lactose (OR 5.0, p < 0.001) and alcohol (OR 2.0, p = 0.042) more frequently than individuals without IBS, and avoidance was driven by abdominal pain. Participants with IBS also reported feeling more worried and having anxiety about diet than those without IBS (p = 0.032 and p = 0.002, respectively).

Conclusion

This study indicates that individuals with IBS perceive most foods as equally healthy as individuals without IBS. Having IBS increases the odds of avoiding gluten, lactose, and alcohol. Worry and anxiety related to diet were more common among individuals with IBS, and these aspects need to be considered both in clinical practice and in future research.
How do pig veterinarians view technology-assisted data utilisation for pig health and welfare management? A qualitative study in Spain, the Netherlands, and Ireland
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Garcia-Morante Beatriz , Burrell Alison , Correia-Gomes Carla , Dieste-Pérez Lucia , Eenink Karlijn , Segalés Joaquim , Sibila Marina , Siegrist Michael , Tobias Tijs , Vilalta Carles , Bearth Angela
Published: October 2024

Background

Application of data-driven strategies may support veterinarians’ decision-making, benefitting pig disease prevention and control. However, little is known about veterinarians’ need for data utilisation to support their decision-making process. The current study used qualitative methods, specifically focus group discussions, to explore veterinarians’ views on data utilisation and their need for data tools in relation to pig health and welfare management in Spain, the Netherlands, and Ireland.

Results

Generally, veterinarians pointed out the potential benefits of using technology for pig health and welfare management, but data is not yet structurally available to support their decision-making. Veterinarians pointed out the challenge of collecting, recording, and accessing data in a consistent and timely manner. Besides, the reliability, standardisation, and the context of data were identified as important factors affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of data utilisation by veterinarians. A user-friendly, adaptable, and integrated data tool was regarded as potentially helpful for veterinarians’ daily work and supporting their decision-making. Specifically, veterinarians, particularly independent veterinary practitioners, noted a need for easy access to pig information. Veterinarians such as those working for integrated companies, corporate veterinarians, and independent veterinary practitioners expressed their need for data tools that provide useful information to monitor pig health and welfare in real-time, to visualise the prevalence of endemic disease based on a shared report between farmers, veterinarians, and other professional parties, to support decision-making, and to receive early warnings for disease prevention and control.

Conclusions

It is concluded that the management of pig health and welfare may benefit from data utilisation if the quality of data can be assured, the data tools can meet veterinarians’ needs for decision-making, and the collaboration of sharing data and using data between farmers, veterinarians, and other professional parties can be enhanced. Nevertheless, several notable technical and institutional barriers still exist, which need to be overcome.
Is longer axial length protective of vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy across different ages? A multicenter cohort of 736 patients
Authors: Xu Mingpeng , Li Bo , Li Chenxin , Chai Peiwei , Qiu Qinghua , Zheng Zhi , Chen Qian , Luo Dawei , Xu Xiaofang , Zhou Chuandi
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) included severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and clinically significant diabetic macular edema (DME). To compare the axial length (AL) and assess its influence on VTDR across different ages.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study. Medical chart review was performed in 736 consecutive patients with VTDR. The patients were divided into young (≤ 45 years) and elderly group (> 45 years) based on their age at the diagnosis of VTDR. After at least one year of standardized treatments, all eligible patients were followed up. The main outcome measures included the presence of tractional retinal detachment (TRD) involving foveal, final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the development of neovascular glaucoma (NVG), and recurrent vitreous hemorrhage (VH) post-vitrectomy. ALs were compared between two age groups. The impact of AL on clinical outcomes was determined by logistic analyses after controlling for systemic parameters.

Results

The study included 144 patients ≤ 45 years and 592 patients > 45 years. Young patients had significantly longer AL than elderly participants (23.9 mm vs 23.0 mm, p < 0.001). Over a median follow-up of 25.9 months, a larger proportion of young patients developed TRD (34.7% vs 16.2%, p < 0.001) and recurrent VH (18.6% vs 10.3%, p = 0.040) than elderly patients. In elderly group, longer AL is an independent protective factor in preventing TRD (odds ratio [OR], 0.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4–0.7; P < 0.001). However, this beneficial effect was not observed in young patients.

Conclusions

Young patients with VTDR exhibited significantly longer AL but more aggressive clinical signs with compromised prognosis. In elderly group, a longer AL independently reduced the risk of TRD, while this protective effect did not exist for young patients.
Weekday-to-weekend sleep duration patterns among young adults and outcomes related to health and academic performance
Authors: Vestergaard Cecilie L. , Simpson Melanie R. , Sivertsen Børge , Kallestad Håvard , Langsrud Knut , Scott Jan , Vedaa Øystein
Published: October 2024

Background

To examine whether weekday-to-weekend sleep duration (WWD) difference and specific WWD patterns are associated with mental and somatic health and academic performance in a student population.

Methods

This study utilized cross-sectional data from the SHoT-2018 survey which includes responses from 50,054 full-time university/college students in Norway. Participants completed online questionnaires and reported sleep duration separately for weekdays and weekends. Medium sleep duration was defined as 7 to 9 h, short sleep duration as < 7 h and long sleep duration as > 9 h. Regression analyses were used to examine whether the degree and patterns of WWD was associated with health-related outcomes and academic performance.

Results

The mean age of the sample was 23.2 years and comprised of 68.8% women. Most students (81.7%) slept longer on weekends compared to weekdays and 30.0% of the students reported a mean sleep duration shorter than 7 h. WWD difference was positively associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity, dissatisfaction with life, psychological distress, somatic burden and failed study exam. Concerning WWD patterns, the odds of students reporting unfavorably on the outcomes were particularly high for those who slept short on both weekdays and weekends, while those who slept short on weekdays seemed to benefit from sleeping longer (“catching up”) on weekends.

Conclusions

Overall, WWD was associated with adverse health outcomes for students. Short sleep duration both on weekday and weekend was associated with the most detrimental outcomes in terms of health and academic performance, while sleeping in on weekends may alleviate some of the detriments.
Psychiatric outcomes among COVID-19 egyptian patients at ain shams university quarantine hospitals: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tawfik Fairouz , Sayed Maha Mohamed , ElGhamry Reem Hassan , Mohamed Mariam Yehia , Abdel Rahman Rahaf Mohamed , El Sehrawy Tarek Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Background

Psychological repercussions resulting from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been encountered, such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study aimed to assess the frequency and severity of PTSD, depression, and anxiety in a sample of Egyptian patients with COVID-19 infection and analyze potential risk factors. The current study is a descriptive cross-sectional, hospital-based study, conducted from August 2020 to June 2021. The sample was selected from patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection at Ain Shams University hospitals (outpatient clinics and inpatient units). Patients underwent a COVID severity criteria scoring system, structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I), PTSD checklist–Civilian Version (PCLC), Beck depression inventory, and Taylor’s manifest anxiety scale.

Results

PTSD was observed in 79.29% of the study sample, 61.43% had depression, and 18.57% had anxiety. The severity of COVID-19 infection was significantly associated with PTSD severity mean scores (P value = 0.027). Furthermore, a significant relationship was observed between the severity of depression and COVID-19 infection severity (P value = 0.028). The number of comorbid medical risk factors demonstrated significance to PTSD severity (P value = 0.014).

Conclusion

A significant portion of the study’s patients experienced psychiatric consequences following COVID-19 infection, with 79.29% developing PTSD, 61.43% suffering from depression, and 18.57% experiencing anxiety. Various factors, such as the presence of chronic medical illnesses and the number of co-morbid medical risk factors, were observed to contribute to these psychiatric outcomes. Therefore, comprehensive psychiatric assessment and management in COVID-19 patients especially with severe forms of the disease and hospitalized patients are mandatory.
Cystic cardiac myxoma: a rare variant of cardiac myxoma in a woman with acute stroke
Authors: Singh Damandeep , Jagia Priya , Mukherjee Aprateem , Zameer Alaina , Arava Sudheer Kumar
Published: October 2024

Background

Cardiac myxomas are the most common primary benign tumors of the heart usually presenting as an oval mass attached to the interatrial septum. Mild heterogenous enhancement is typically seen upon contrast administration. Myxomas are benign, however can present with embolic episodes necessitating prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Case presentation

A middle-aged woman presenting with acute ischemic stroke was detected to have a complex cystic mass in the left atrium on echocardiography. Further evaluation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging narrowed a differential diagnosis to hemangioma, hemangioendothelioma, sarcoma, hydatid cysts, bronchogenic cysts, and cystic variant of cardiac myxoma. CTA demonstrated arterial supply from the left circumflex artery supplying the lesion. Following surgical excision, histopathology analysis suggested a cystic cardiac myxoma with secondary degeneration.

Conclusion

Cystic masses in the heart are challenging to diagnose due to similar imaging characteristics, and misdiagnosis may lead to further major downstream complications such as stroke, hemorrhage, and hemodynamic alterations causing syncope. Therefore, surgical excision of a cystic cardiac mass is justified to establish a definitive histopathological diagnosis and prevent further downstream complications. We hereby report a rare case of cystic cardiac myxoma in the left atrium showing intense progressive enhancement in CMR and CTA in a middle-aged woman presenting with acute stroke. This case highlights an exceedingly rare variant of cystic cardiac myxoma.
Advancements of biomaterials in oral tissue engineering: past, present, and future
Authors: Sun Miao , Tang Like , Yang Xiaofu , Lu Jingyi , He Huihui , Lin Jun , He Yong , Yu Mengfei
Published: October 2024

Background

The deformation of oral and maxillofacial region leads to not only the damage of morphology and function, but also a series of aesthetic and psychological problems, severely affecting the quality of life of patients. Oral tissue engineering refers to developing biomaterials for repair or regeneration, with the application of tissue engineering technologies. This has become an area of increasing prominence. Current biologically inert materials are insufficient to fulfill clinical requirements. Therefore, tissue-engineered biomaterials with bioactive, even bionic properties are desperately needed.

Main body

The complexity of the anatomy and the diversity of tissue types of oral and maxillofacial region pose great challenges to the regeneration, in the aspects of both biomaterials and manufacturing technologies. Biomaterials in clinical practice or research have evolved from natural materials to synthetic materials, from homogeneous materials to multiple composite materials. And now composite materials have increasingly demonstrated their advantages in terms of physicochemical and biological properties over conventional materials. In terms of manufacturing, traditional coating, sintering, and milling technologies can no longer satisfy the requirements for high-precision bionic structures of oral-tissue-engineering biomaterials. Scientists have turned to biofabrication technologies such as microfluidics and additive manufacturing.

Short conclusion

This review aims to summarize the noteworthy advancements made in biomaterials of oral tissue engineering. We outlined the current biomaterials and manufacturing technologies and focused on various applications of these materials that may be connected to clinical treatment and research. We also suggested the future direction of development for biomaterials in oral tissue engineering. In future, biomaterials characterized by precision, functionalization, and individualization will be manufactured through digital, microfluidic, and 3D printing technologies.

Graphical abstract
Ulcerative colitis: molecular insights and intervention therapy
Authors: Liang Yuqing , Li Yang , Lee Chehao , Yu Ziwei , Chen Chongli , Liang Chao
Published: October 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and weight loss. The pathogenesis and treatment of UC remain key areas of research interest. Various factors, including genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and alterations in the gut microbiota, are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of UC. Current treatments for UC include 5-aminosalicylic acids, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics. However, study reported that the one-year clinical remission rate is only around 40%. It is necessary to prompt the exploration of new treatment modalities. Biologic therapies, such as anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody and JAK inhibitor, primarily consist of small molecules targeting specific pathways, effectively inducing and maintaining remission. Given the significant role of the gut microbiota, research into intestinal microecologics, such as probiotics and prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) shows promising potential in UC treatment. Additionally, medicinal herbs, such as chili pepper and turmeric, used in complementary therapy have shown promising results in UC management. This article reviews recent findings on the mechanisms of UC, including genetic susceptibility, immune cell dynamics and cytokine regulation, and gut microbiota alterations. It also discusses current applications of biologic therapy, herbal therapy, microecologics, and FMT, along with their prospects and challenges.
Signs of Potential Androgen Excess Across the Lifespan in a US-based Digital Cohort Study
Authors: Wolf Amber T , Wang Zifan , Onnela Jukka-Pekka , Baird Donna D , Jukic Anne Marie Z , Curry Christine L , Fischer-Colbrie Tyler , Williams Michelle A , Hauser Russ , Coull Brent A , Mahalingaiah Shruthi
Published: October 2024

Context

Androgen excess (AE)-related symptoms can vary widely and may appear across the life course.

Objective

We assessed the prevalence of signs of potential AE and heterogeneity by demographic/health characteristics.

Methods

We used data of 24 435 participants who consented and enrolled during November 2019 to December 2022 in a US digital cohort to evaluate the prevalence and heterogeneity of self-reported signs of potential AE: possible hirsutism (having thick coarse hair on ≥4 of 8 body locations), hair level on the chin, hair loss on top of the head, and moderate to severe acne.

Results

The prevalence of possible hirsutism, having several/a lot of hair on the chin, significantly reduced hair/visible scalp on top of the head, and moderate to severe acne were 6.9%, 12.6%, 1.7%, and 31.8%, respectively. While possible hirsutism and moderate to severe acne decreased with age (range: 18-86 years), hair on the chin and hair loss on the head increased with age. Participants who self-identified as Hispanic or South Asian reported a higher prevalence of possible hirsutism (11.2%, 16.9%, vs 6.3% among non-Hispanic White participants). Participants with higher body mass index had a higher prevalence of possible hirsutism. Moderate to severe acne was more common among those with polycystic ovary syndrome. Possible hirsutism and hair loss were less common among participants using hormones for contraception.

Conclusion

In this large cohort, signs of potential AE varied by demographic and health factors. These results could provide a new understanding of how potential AE may appear differently in diverse groups, informing future work to develop more inclusive evaluation at a population level.
Life beside Bars
Authors: Pearson Heath
Published: October 2024

In Life beside Bars, Heath Pearson showcases dynamic, interdependent community as the best hope for undoing the systems of confinement that reproduce capital in Cumberland County, New Jersey—a place that is home to three state prisons, one federal prison, and the regional jail. Pearson places today’s prisons within the region’s longer history of Lenape genocide, chattel slavery, Japanese American labor camps, and other forms of racialized punishment and carceral control. From this vantage, prisons appear not as the structural fix for the region’s failed political economy but as a continuation of the carceral principle that has always sustained it. This ongoing use of confinement, though, is merely the backdrop. Through ethnographic vignettes written in story form, Pearson offers an alternative history of the unruly and unexpected ways that people resist, get by, make money, find joy, and build radical social life in the small, unseen spaces beside large-scale confinement. As such, Pearson enriches our understanding of daily life in and around prisons—in any American community—while providing a kaleidoscope of possibilities for theorizing and organizing alternative paths.
Older spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) have delayed and spatially heterogenous ear wound regeneration
Authors: Varholick Justin A. , Thermolice Jazmine , Godinez Gizelle , Dos Santos Vanessa , Kondapaneni Rishi , Maden Malcolm
Published: October 2024

The African spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) is a unique mammalian model of tissue regeneration, regenerating 4 mm ear-hole punches with cartilage, adipocytes, hair follicles, and muscle. However, the time to regenerate ear tissue varies from 20 to 90 days and muscle regeneration is inconsistent. Some report that older spiny mice have delayed regeneration without investigation on the regenerative capacity of muscle. We thought that delayed regeneration and inconsistent muscle regeneration could be linked via age-related nerve degeneration. While the current study found that spiny mice aged 6–9 months had delayed regeneration compared to 3–4 month-old spiny mice, the capacity of muscle regeneration was unrelated to age, and there was little evidence for age-related nerve degeneration. Instead, the regeneration of muscle, cartilage and adipocytes was spatially heterogeneous, declining in amount from the proximal to distal region of the regenerated tissue. Also, cartilage regeneration in the distal region was decreased in ≥22-month-old Acomys and adipocyte regeneration was decreased in those older than 6 months, compared to 3–4 month olds. While the underlying mechanisms for delayed and spatially heterogenous regeneration remain unclear, age and the spatial region of the regenerated tissue should be considered in experimental designs with spiny mice.
Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours about gender equality: a cross-sectional survey of adolescents from rural India
Authors: Ahankari Anand , Ovseiko Pavel Ovseiko , Kabra Pratyush , Giridhari Sneha , Krant Rayamane Kranti , Whitfield Clare , Ali Parveen , Hayter Mark
Published: October 2024

Background: Gender equality is a fundamental human right and vital to accelerate global progress towards several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Adolescents’ involvement is essential to achieve such equality and SDGs to develop peaceful sustainable societies. However, there are limited data especially from developing countries such as India to plan gender equality related programmes targeted at adolescents. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess gender equality related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours among 16 to 19 year-old adolescents from sixty villages of the Maharashtra state of India. Results: Data from 1306 respondents (667 females and 639 males) showed a mean score of 30 out of 44, suggesting an overall moderate gender equality score in rural adolescents. The majority of girls (68.3%) were in the high scoring group, whereas the majority of boys were in the moderate group (60.3%). Regression analysis showed that responses from boys were associated with lower scores compared to responses from girls by five points (adjusted β-coefficient: -4.99, 95%CI: -5.85 to -4.12, p<0.001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that there is a need to involve adolescents with a major focus on boys to improve gender equality in rural areas of Maharashtra. This will help introduce concepts of equality from an early age to educate boys, empower girls, and address gender-based discrimination and violence against girls and women.
Primary health care as the main guarantor of a healthy population in the country and a global challenge in the world: a systematic review
Authors: Abashidze-Gabaidze Gulnara , Khurtsia Lali , Gabaidze Mishiko , Loria Lasha
Published: October 2024

Background Primary health care (PHC) is a fundamental aspect of healthcare systems globally, playing a crucial role in maintaining the health of the population. Despite its importance, there are still gaps in the delivery of PHC services. This study aims to analyze the healthcare system and the existing gaps to develop strategies for improving PHC services. Methods This study is a mixed method a combination of documentary analysis and narrative synthesis as an alternative to meta-analysis. For our systematic review, we primarily focused on articles published within the last 10 years. However, we also included some older articles (published between 2003 and 2009) that provided valuable insights into the historical context and evolution of primary healthcare systems. Data of each article reviewed during the review - Study, Article, Study setting, Study design, Study assessment, Study suggestions are presented in Table 1. A total of 38 articles were reviewed. The data sources include peer-reviewed articles and other relevant literature on PHC services. With appropriate keywords. Results The study identifies gaps in PHC services, including issues with access to care, affordability, and quality of care. It provides insights into the challenges faced by PHC systems worldwide, highlighting the need for strategies to address these issues. Conclusions The study contributes to a better understanding of the challenges faced by PHC systems worldwide and provides insights for policymakers and healthcare providers to improve healthcare services. The systematic review, which focuses on PHC, was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The PRISMA diagram of study selection was used to illustrate the process of article inclusion and exclusion. Table 1 provides a summary of the key information from the selected articles.
Role of Artificial intelligence model in prediction of low back pain using T2 weighted MRI of Lumbar spine
Authors: Muhaimil Ali , Pendem Saikiran , Sampathilla Niranjana , P S Priya , Nayak Kaushik , Chadaga Krishnaraj , Goswami Anushree , M Obhuli Chandran , Shirlal Abhijit
Published: October 2024

Background Low back pain (LBP), the primary cause of disability, is the most common musculoskeletal disorder globally and the primary cause of disability. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies are inconclusive and less sensitive for identifying and classifying patients with LBP. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the role of artificial intelligence (AI) models in the prediction of LBP using T2 weighted MRI image of the lumbar spine. Methods This was a prospective case-control study. A total of 200 MRI patients (100 cases and controls each) referred for lumbar spine and whole spine screening were included. The scans were performed using 3.0 Tesla MRI (United Imaging Healthcare). T2 weighted images of the lumbar spine were segmented to extract radiomic features. Machine learning (ML) models, such as random forest, decision tree, logistic regression, K-nearest neighbors, adaboost, and deep learning methods (DL), such as ResNet and GoogleNet, were used, and performance measures were calculated. Results Our study showed that Random forest and AdaBoost are the most reliable ML models for predicting LBP. Random forest showed high performance with area under curve (AUC) values from 0.83 to 0.88 across all lumbar vertebrae and L2-L3, L3-L4, and L4-L5 intervertebral discs (IVDs), with AUCs of 0.88 the highest at L5-S1 IVD (0.92). Adaboost demonstrated high performance at the L2-L5 vertebrae with AUC values of 0.82 to 0.90, with the highest AUC (0.97) at the L5-S1 IVD. Among the DL models, GoogleNet outperformed the other models at 30 epochs with an accuracy of 0.85, followed by ResNet 18 (30 epochs) with an accuracy of 0.84. Conclusion The study demonstrated that ML and DL models can effectively predict LBP from MRI T2 weighted image of the lumbar spine. ML and DL models could also enhance the diagnostic accuracy of LBP, potentially leading to better patient management and outcomes.
On the possibilities of using the method of near-periodic analy-sis for image processing
Authors: Kalach Andrey , Paramonov Aleksandr
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the application of the method of near-periodic analysis based on the shift function to the pro-cessing of data presented in the form of aerial images of the dynamics of cyclone activity. In the course of the study, spa-tial, temporal and spatiotemporal near-periodic analyses were carried out. The proposed method of near-periodic analysis based on the shift function showed the possibilities for performing spatial segmentation of the image in both Cartesian and polar coordinates, and also determined the existence of periodicity in the time scale of the dataset. Based on the results obtained, a spatiotemporal study of the da-taset with the final image segmentation was carried out. The existence of near-periods in the Cartesian system of spatial coordinates of the image is shown. The existence of near-periods in the Cartesian system of spatial coordinates of the image is shown. The substantiation of the fact that in the Cartesian coordinate system, almost periodic analysis in polar coordinates represents a qualitative rhythmic marking is presented. It is demonstrated that an almost periodic analysis based on a generalized shift function provides the possibility of using the studied data set in a time slice. The article presents a classification model for parts of the image, obtained on the basis of statistical estimates of slices of the generalized shift function of time series groupings, When using near-periodic analysis, the possibility of using it for spatial and temporal analysis of data obtained from aerial photography of the dynamics of cyclone activity is demonstrated
The use of situational modeling in the development of decision-making systems for complex organizational systems
Authors: Sumin Viktor , Kravchenko Andrey , Tolkachev Akim
Published: October 2024

In the presented article, a conceptual approach is proposed that can be applied in the development of models that form the basis for managerial decision-making in complex organi-zational systems, consideration is made on the basis of edu-cational institutions of law enforcement agencies. The con-ceptual approach is based on the situational modeling appa-ratus and is designed to solve the problem of providing in-formation reflecting the current state of the decision-maker's management object (LPR). It is assumed that the decisions of the LPR within the framework of situational management should be based on the objective information provided and be flexibly adapted to real needs. The concept of situational modeling presupposes the use of a set-theoretic representa-tion of the models being developed, which in turn provides an opportunity to consider a joint spatial and structural interpretation of this model. The proposed approach formal-izes and details the interaction between employees of organi-zations considered as complex organizational systems of law enforcement agencies, which makes it possible to develop a functional model describing the relationship between the tasks of the system's functioning with its subjects based on input-output information flows using a multi-criteria as-sessment of alternative interaction options
Intravenous anakinra for treating macrophage activation syndrome in adult onset still’s disease
Authors: Bitik Berivan , Şenturk Mustafa , Kibaroglu Seda , Yildirim Tulin , Tezcan Mehmet Engin , Zeyneloglu Pınar , Yucel Ahmet Eftal
Published: October 2024

Background: Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic inflammatory disease characterized by fever, rash, arthritis, and multi-organ involvement. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a serious complication of AOSD, poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Case Presentation: A 32-year-old male was diagnosed with AOSD in 2020 after being hospitalized for a fever of unknown origin and elevated liver enzymes. The patient was initially treated with corticosteroids and methotrexate but subsequently discontinued both treatment and follow-up. In September 2023, he presented with fever, sore throat, and elevated inflammatory markers. After screening for infections, methylprednisolone (MP) treatment was initiated because of AOSD activation. The following day, the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit due to an altered state of consciousness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed brainstem involvement. Empirical treatments were initiated, including intravenous MP, and immunoglobulin therapy. Due to suspected macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), anakinra (ANA) infusion was initiated. Significant improvement was observed after the ANA infusion. Conclusion: This case highlights the complex management of severe AOSD complications, emphasizing the role of early recognition, aggressive therapy, and multidisciplinary care in improving outcomes.
Experiences of known bystanders during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a scoping review and narrative synthesis
Authors: McCunnell Lyndsey , Vann Mark , Lotto Robyn
Published: October 2024

Around 90% of cardiac arrests occur either at home or in the workplace. The provision of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation is associated with a threefold increase in survival. The emotional and psychological effects of these events on bystanders are often neglected, but can be particularly pronounced when the person experiencing the arrest is known to the bystander. This study aimed to synthesise the available literature exploring bystander experience following an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, with a particular focus on bystanders who were known to the person experiencing the arrest. A scoping review was undertaken in line with Joanna Briggs Institute guidance. Three online databases – the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus and Medline – were searched on 5 May 2024, alongside a grey literature review. A total of 12 articles were included, presented in three categories: ‘response dynamics’, encompassing the immediate reactions and decision-making processes; ‘emotional fallout’, including the long-term psychological and emotional impact; and ‘moving on’, examining the requirements for both practical and emotional support in the aftermath of the event. The review indicated that there is limited literature exploring the needs of families following observation or involvement in the resuscitation of a known individual. While the emotional and psychological impact is clearly substantial, there is currently no structured support system available following the event. The need for ongoing support and care for families is highlighted.
ECG of the month
Authors: Bloe Charles
Published: October 2024

In this issue's ECG of the month, Charles Bloe presents the case of a 37–year-old man whose mobile electrocardiogram device had indicated that he had first-degree heart block.
The influence of maggot debridement therapy on the bacterial flora of hard-to-heal wounds
Authors: Gieroń Monika , Słowik-Rylska Małgorzata , Kucharczyk Monika , Cyran-Stemplewska Sylwia , Gieroń Bartłomiej , Czerwonka Grzegorz , Kozieł Dorota , Kręcisz Beata
Published: October 2024

Objective:

Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is increasingly being used in clinical practice as an alternative treatment for hard-to-heal (chronic) wounds. Among the many benefits of using MDT is its antimicrobial effect. Maggots secrete substances that are known to have antibacterial properties against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Clinically, this results in the effective eradication of pathogenic species and consequently, a faster healing process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect MDT has on the bacterial flora of hard-to-heal ulcers.

Method:

Patients with venous, mixed arteriovenous, decubitus, diabetic and neuropathic wounds were treated with larvae of Lucilia sericata enclosed in bags. Dressings were applied to the wounds for 72 hours. Before and after the therapy, a swab was taken from the wound, and bacterial diversity and bacterial growth scores were assessed. While 16 patients were treated only once, the treatment had to be repeated in four cases until the wounds were fully debrided.

Results:

Bacteria of the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis were the most common strains observed. Of the 20 patients treated, the total number of bacterial strains decreased in eight wounds, but increased in five wounds, while no difference was observed in nine wounds. The average number of bacterial strains in wounds decreased after MDT. A lower incidence of alarm pathogens was also reported. In cases where multiple applications of larvae were administered, greater decreases in bacterial growth scores were observed than in cases with a single application of dressing (37.5% vs 18.1%, respectively). In 18 cases, after disinfection of the wound by larvae, it was reinfected by strains not detected before. Wounds healed completely after MDT in two patients.

Conclusion:

In this study, MDT changed the bacterial diversity of hard-to-heal wounds. The larvae reduced overall bacterial growth scores and acted on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as on alarm pathogens. Cleaned wounds appeared to become vulnerable to infection by opportunistic bacteria. The bacterial burden decreased as the number of applications of biological dressings increased.