bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of music therapy in reducing falls among patients with dementia in a long-term facility: a cohort study
Authors: Odufuwa-Pelote Adedayo , Johnson Kelly , Jones Stacey , Carter Holly
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims

Music therapy as an intervention can reduce stress, pain, depression, isolation and anxiety without the risk of side effects associated with pharmacological interventions. Individuals with dementia are at a higher risk of falls compared to older adults with no dementia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of music therapy in reducing the number of falls among patients with dementia in a long-term care facility.

Methods

The Morse Fall Scale was used pre-intervention and post-intervention to assess at-risk patients. Patient's attendance in music therapy and falls were tracked daily. The music sessions took place three times a week for 30 minutes. Two groups consisting of 13 patients each were included.

Results

There was a highly significantly higher numbers of falls reported pre-intervention (t(26)=4.108, P<0.001 at P=0.000, 95% confidence interval 0.78–2.33) compared to fall rates post-intervention (t(26)=2.842, P<0.01 at P=0.009, 95% confidence interval 0.08–0.51). A total of 80% reported no falls post-intervention compared to 62.9% reporting falls pre-intervention.

Conclusions

The study demonstrated that supervised music therapy is effective on fall reduction in people with dementia.

Implications for practice

Music sessions can be implemented in care homes for people with dementia to help reduce falls.
One-to-one care: are we restricting or empowering people who need care?
Authors: Cooper Elizabeth , Twidale Paul
Published: May 2024

Elizabeth Cooper and Paul Twidale discuss the various types of one‑to‑one care, how to decide who should receive it and the implications that affect the provider and the person receiving it.
Özbekistan’ın Yönetim Sistemi, Personel Rejimi ve Kamu Hizmeti Reformları
Authors: Özer Mehmet Akif , Ortaq Bakhtiar
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışmada Özbekistan’ın yönetim sistemi, personel rejimi ve son dönemde kamu hizmetinde yapılan reformlar incelenmektedir. Son yıllarda dünya genelinde yeni kamu yönetimi anlayışının yaygınlaşmasıyla beraber kamu hizmetlerinin çok daha etkin ve verimli sunumu gündeme gelmiştir. Bu doğrultuda kamu personelinin niteliklerinin artırılması, etkin kamu personeli politikaları ile sağlanabilecektir. 1991 yılında Sovyetler Birliği’nden bağımsızlığını kazanan Özbekistan, son yıllarda yaptığı reformlarla kamu personelinin niteliğini artırmak ve vatandaşına etkin kamu hizmeti sunmak için büyük çaba harcamaktadır. Çalışmada bu kapsamda; ülkenin idari yapısı ve ilgili son düzenlemeler incelenmiş, parlamento, başbakan ve bakanlar kurulu, yargı sistemi ve yerel yönetimlerle ilgili bilgiler verilmiş, bu kapsamda kamu personel rejimi ve kamu hizmeti reformları değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçta ülkede kamu hizmeti ve personeli reformunun istikrarlı bir şekilde sürdüğü ve son yıllarda dijital devlete doğru ciddi çalışmalar başlatıldığı görülmüştür.
CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL OUTCOMES OF A TAPERED FLUTED TITANIUM MONOBLOC REVISION STEM IN HIP ARTHROPLASTY AT SIX YEARS
Authors: Shaarani Shahril , Moriarty Peter , Vles Georges , Haddad Fares , Konan Sujith
Published: May 2024

We had previously reported on early outcomes on a new fluted, titanium, monobloc stem with a three degree taper that has been designed for challenging femoral reconstruction in the setting of extensive bone loss. The aim of this study was to report its mid-term clinical and radiographic outcomes.

This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data carried out at a single institution between Jan 2017 and Dec 2019. 85 femoral revisions were performed using a new tapered, fluted, titanium, monobloc (TFTM) revision stem. Complications, clinical and radiographic data were obtained from medical records and a locally maintained database. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). All post-operative radiographs were analysed for subsidence, osteolysis and femoral cortical bone remodelling.

Mean follow-up was 60 months (range 28–84 months). Subsidence of 1.2 mm was noted in one patient. No cases of clinically significant subsidence (10 mm) were observed. At final follow-up, a statistically significant improvement was noted in functional outcome scores. The mean OHS preoperatively and at final follow-up were 24 (SD 13) and 42 (SD15). p = 0.04 mean difference 18 (95% CI 15–22). The mean WOMAC scores preoperatively and at final follow-up were 62 (SD23) and 88 (SD7) respectively (p < 0.001, mean difference 26; 95% CI 21–34). No stem fractures were noted within the follow-up period. Two patients had revision of the stem's one for infection and another for persistent pain.

Positive mid-term clinical and radiological outcomes have been observed with this tapered, fluted, titanium, monobloc stem. Based on these results, this implant may be considered as a viable option in the majority of uncemented femoral revisions.
DOES AN INTRAOPERATIVE FEMORAL FRACTURE IMPACT ONE-YEAR PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOME MEASURES WHEN USING A CEMENTLESS CORAIL STEM?
Authors: Robinson Mark , Wong Matthew Lynch , Cassidy Roslynn , Bryce Leeann , Lamb Jonathan , Diamond Owen , Beverland David
Published: May 2024

The significance of periprosthetic fractures about a total hip arthroplasty (THA) is becoming increasingly important. Recent studies have demonstrated post-operative periprosthetic fracture rates are higher amongst cemented polished taper slip (PTS) stem designs compared to collared cementless (CC) designs.

However, in the National Joint Registry, the rate of intra-operative periprosthetic femoral fractures (IOPFF) with cementless implant systems remains higher (0.87% vs 0.42%. p <0.001) potentially leading to more post-operative complications.

This study identifies the incidence of IOPFF, the fracture subtype and compares functional outcomes and revision rates of CC femoral implants with an IOPFF to CC stems and PTS stems without a fracture.

5376 consecutive CC stem THA, carried out through a posterior approach were reviewed for IOPFF. Each fracture was subdivided into calcar fracture, greater trochanter (GT) fracture or shaft fracture.

1:1:1 matched analysis was carried out to compare Oxford scores at one year. Matching criteria included; sex (exact), age (± 1 year), American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade (exact), and date of surgery (± 6 months).

Electronic records were used to review revision rates.

Following review of the CC stems, 44 (0.8%) were identified as having an IOPFF. Of these 30 (0.6%) were calcar fractures, 11 (0.2%) GT fractures and 3 (0.06%) were shaft fractures. There were no shaft penetrations.

Overall, no significant difference in Oxford scores at one year were observed when comparing the CC IOPFF, CC non-IOPFF and PTS groups.

There were no CC stems revised for any reason with either a calcar fracture or trochanteric fracture within the period of 8 years follow-up.

IOPFF do occur more frequently in cementless systems than cemented. The majority are calcar and GT fractures. These fractures, when identified and managed intra-operatively, do not have worse functional outcomes or revision rates compared to matched non-IOPFF cases.
ENHANCING ELECTIVE SURGERY MANAGEMENT WITH OPENPREDICTOR: VALIDATION OF A CLINICAL DECISION AID FOR OPTIMIZING ELECTIVE PATHWAYS
Authors: Green Justin , Malviya Ajay , Reed Mike
Published: May 2024

OpenPredictor, a machine learning-enabled clinical decision aid, has been developed to manage backlogs in elective surgeries. It aims to optimise the use of high volume, low complexity surgical pathways by accurately stratifying patient risk, thereby facilitating the allocation of patients to the most suitable surgical sites. The tool augments elective surgical pathways by providing automated secondary opinions for perioperative risk assessments, enhancing decision-making. Its primary application is in elective sites utilising lighter pre-assessment methods, identifying patients with minimal complication risks and those high-risk individuals who may benefit from early pre-assessment.

The Phase 1 clinical evaluation of OpenPredictor entailed a prospective analysis of 156 patient records from elective hip and knee joint replacement surgeries. Using a polynomial logistic regression model, patients were categorised into high, moderate, and low-risk groups. This categorisation incorporated data from various sources, including patient demographics, co-morbidities, blood tests, and overall health status.

In identifying patients at risk of postoperative complications, OpenPredictor demonstrated parity with consultant-led preoperative assessments. It accurately flagged 70% of patients who later experienced complications as moderate or high risk. The tool's efficiency in risk prediction was evidenced by its balanced accuracy (75.6%), sensitivity (70% with a 95% confidence interval of 62.05% to 76.91%), and a high negative predictive value (96.7%).

OpenPredictor presents a scalable and consistent solution for managing elective surgery pathways, comparable in performance to secondary consultant opinions. Its integration into pre-assessment workflows assists in efficient patient categorisation, reduces late surgery cancellations, and optimises resource allocation. The Phase 1 evaluation of OpenPredictor underscores its potential for broader clinical application and highlights the need for ongoing data refinement and system integration to enhance its performance.
FROM THE TOP TO THE BOTTOM: UTILITY OF THE NOTTINGHAM HIP FRACTURE SCORE IN PREDICTING DISTAL FEMUR FRAGILITY FRACTURE MORTALITY
Authors: Vaghela Meet , Benson Daniel , Arbis Alexander , Selmon Guy , Roger Benedict , Chan Gareth
Published: May 2024

The Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS) is validated to predict mortality after fragility neck of femur fractures (NOF). Risk stratification supports informed consent, peri-operative optimisation and case prioritisation.

With the inclusion of fragility distal femur fractures (DFF) in the BPT, increasing attention is being placed on the outcome of these injuries. Developing on the lessons learnt over the past decades in NOF management is key.

This study assesses the validity of the NHFS in predicting mortality after fragility DFFs.

A multi-centre study of 3 high volume fragility fracture units was performed via a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected databases.

Patients aged 60 years-of-age who presented with AO 33.A/B/C native DFF, or V.3.A/B periprosthetic DFF over an 86-month period between September 2014 and December 2021 and underwent surgical treatment were eligible for inclusion. Open and/or polytrauma (ISS >15) were excluded.

All operations were performed or supervised by Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeons and were reviewed peri-operatively by a 7-day MDT.

Patients with a NHFS of gt;=5 were stratified into a high-risk of 30-day mortality cohort, with all others being œlow-risk.

285 patients were eligible for inclusion with 92 considered to be low-risk of 30-day mortality, these tended to be younger female patients admitted from their own homes.

30-day mortality was 0% in the low-risk cohort and 6.2% (12/193) in the high-risk group. 1-year mortality was 8.7% (8/92) and 35.7% (69/193) in the low and high-risk groups respectively.

Area Under the Curve (AUC) analyses of Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated the greatest ability to predict mortality at 30-days for the high-risk cohort (0.714).

The NHFS demonstrates a good ability to predict 30-day mortality in those patients with a NHFS =5 after a surgically managed fragility DFF. With comparable mortality outcomes to those documented from fragility NOF.
A Comparison of CNN-based Image Feature Extractors for Weld Defects Classification
Authors: Purnomo Tito Wahyu , Ramadhany Harun Al Rasyid , Jati Hapsara Hadi Carita , Handoko Djati
Published: May 2024

Classification of the types of weld defects is one of the stages of evaluating radiographic images, which is an essential step in controlling the quality of welded joints in materials. By automating the weld defects classification based on deep learning and the CNN architecture, it is possible to overcome the limitations of visually or manually evaluating radiographic images. Good accuracy in classification models for weld defects requires the availability of sufficient datasets. In reality, however, the radiographic image dataset accessible to the public is limited and imbalanced between classes. Consequently, simple image cropping and augmentation techniques are implemented during the data preparation stage. To construct a weld defect classification model, we proposed to utilize the transfer learning method by employing a pre-trained CNN architecture as a feature extractor, including DenseNet201, InceptionV3, MobileNetV2, NASNetMobile, ResNet50V2, VGG16, VGG19, and Xception, which are linked to a simple classification model based on multilayer perceptron. The test results indicate that the three best classification models were obtained by using the DenseNet201 feature extractor with a test accuracy value of 100%, followed by ResNet50V2 and InceptionV3 with an accuracy of 99.17%. These outcomes are better compared to state-of-the-art classification models with a maximum of six classes of defects. The research findings may assist radiography experts in evaluating radiographic images more accurately and efficiently.
The Effect of Tetraethil OrthoCilicate (TEOS) on Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Addition in Electrical
Authors: Dayana Indri , Satria Habib , Rianna Martha
Published: May 2024

Magnetite Nanoparticles of pure (Fe3O4) and Fe3O4 with TEOS addition have been successfully synthesized from natural iron sand using the coprecipitation method. The purpose of this study is to provide information on the effect of TEOS to Fe3O4 on the electrical properties. The effect of TEOS addition to Fe3O4 indicates that the increase in true density results is 4.95 gr/cm3. The stability of nanolubricant on Fe3O4 nanoparticles with the addition of TEOS 1.2 ml was dispersed homogeneously. The value of thermal conductivity also increases due to TEOS addition on Fe3O4 nanoparticles in a volume fraction of 0.8% of 1,631 W/m.K and the heat of the type produced was 718.44 J/kg.K. The effect of TEOS addition on Fe3O4 nanoparticles produces good electrical properties of stability in the nano-lubricant.
Cosmological Consequence of Varying Speed of Light and Gravitational Constant
Authors: Joseph Gabriel Wirdzelii , Kenda Lucky Peter , Kanu Maxwell Obia
Published: May 2024

The speed of light is taken to be a constant in a vacuum. This forms the basic tool for the principle of General Covariance, which asserts that all laws of Physics should take the same form in all frames of reference. Without putting inflation into consideration, the theory of varying speed of light (VSL) would solve basic problems of cosmology in the early universe. Furthermore, the Gravitational constant G that occurred in the Friedmann Equations may not have been real constants in the early universe but have some variation with the universe scale factor. Cosmological models with varying physical constants have been of interest in recent years with few works in the literature. A cosmological solution obtained by incorporating variable speed of light and gravitational constant gives a cosmic model which is free from the initial Big Bang singularity and horizon problem. It is also observed here that the early universe was dominated by dark matter, however, as the scale factor increases, the dark energy become dominant.
Earthquake Disaster Risk Assessment in Purworejo District, Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Muryani Chatarina , Koesuma Sorja , Wijayanti Pipit
Published: May 2024

Purworejo Regency is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean and is close to the Java subduction, so it is estimated to have a high earthquake risk index. This study aims to analyze the earthquake disaster risk in Purworejo District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Earthquake risk analysis methods follow Perka BNPB No 02 of 2012, including hazard, vulnerability, and capacity analysis. The disaster risk index combines the disaster, vulnerability, and capacity indexes. The findings of this study reveal the following: (1) 295 villages within Purworejo Regency fall into the high earthquake hazard category, primarily located in the southern region of Purworejo or near the Java subduction zone. (2) The high vulnerability to earthquakes is widespread across almost all villages in Purworejo Regency. The highest concentration of villages with a high vulnerability index is found in Ngombol District (57 villages), Butuh District (41 villages), and Purwodadi District (40 villages). (3) Purworejo Regency exhibits a capacity to cope with earthquakes that are not categorized as low. The majority, comprising 464 villages (93.92%), falls within the middle class, while 30 villages (6.08%) are classified as having a high capacity. (4) Within Purworejo Regency, 117 villages (23.7%) are at a high risk of earthquakes, and 376 villages face a moderate risk. Only one village has a low disaster risk index.
Synthesis of Material Composite rGO-TIO2 From Coconut Shells by Sol-Gel Methods as Photocatalyst
Authors: Hikmah Utiya , Yanti Diah Risma , Axala David Lee Giant
Published: May 2024

The rGO- TiO2 composite photocatalyst is receiving great attention because of its high performance. But the study of rGO- TiO2 composite with sources of rGO material derived from the utilization of organic waste such as coconut shells is limited. In this study, the synthesis of nanocomposite rGO- TiO2 was described with rGO obtained from coconut shells. The rGO samples produce through the oxidation and reduction process. The transformation of graphene oxide into reduced graphene oxide was assisted by microwave irradiation. The obtained rGO was then composite with Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) by the sol-gel method. The composite of rGO- TiO2 was characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, and SEM. The photocatalytic performance of the rGO- TiO2 composite was conducted on Methylene blue. The result shows that rGO- TiO2composite has a good photocatalytic performance with the highest number at 96%.
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) Nanofiber Modified Current Collector in Anode-Free Lithium Battery
Authors: Widiyandari Hendri , DinaPanuntun Adama , Parasdila Hanaiyah , Firdaus Iqbal , Purwanto Agus
Published: May 2024

In order to coat the layer of the Cu for an anode-free lithium battery (AFLB) and examine AFLB performance, PVDF nanofiber with electrospinning is used. The fabrication time and molecular weight of the nanofiber can be modified. In comparison to conventional models, the AFLB is one of the new model options that provides great energy density at the same battery size. The disadvantages of this new model battery include its limited electrochemical performance and the fact that it is still in its initial stages of manufacturing. Low Coulombic efficiency and uncontrolled dendritic growth are challenges in the growth of AFLB. For the fabrication of nanofiber membranes were synthesized with different types of PVDF Mw 1.300.000 and 534.000, PVDF Nanofibers were made using electrospinning with time variations of 5 hours, 7 hours, and 9 hours, and their thermal, mechanical, and porosity properties were examined. The PVDF Mw 1.300.000 sample had the greatest porosity percentage value which is 47.031% during a 9-hour time. The PVDF Mw 534.000 sample had the highest tensile strength results, with a variation of 2.33 MPa during a 9-hour time. The PVDF Mw 1.300.000 sample had the highest percentage elongation results, 39.7%. The average nanofiber size varies with processing time, with the PVDF Mw 1.300.000 sample having the smallest size at 167.9 nm.
Analysis of Land Use Land Cover and Land Surface Temperature in Karst Area: A Case Study Wonogiri Regency
Authors: Noviani Rita , Saputra Aditya Eka , Wijayanti Pipit , Koesoma Sorja
Published: May 2024

Urban development and global climate change drive increased Land Surface Temperature (LST). Wonogiri Regency is an area that is within the development range of Surakarta City. Analysis of land surface temperature has become Important in Wonogiri Regency as a mitigation measure for urban heat islands. This study aims to measure Land Surface Temperature (LST) in Wonogiri Regency and determine the controlling factor in the form of Land Use Land Cover (LULC), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), seasons, and zones by landform. Using the Google Earth Engine platform, LST calculations, LULC classifications, and NDVI calculations can compute imagery. The dataset used is USGS Landsat 8. The analytical technique used in this study is comparative descriptive, which compares other controlling factors. The analysis results show the vital role of LULC, NDVI, seasonality, and landform on LST. LULC types of built-up land, low NDVI values, dry season, and southern zone (karst) tend to have higher LST than other factors.
Historicizing a Dream of Complete Science
Authors: Zakariya Nasser
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This paper attempts an historical analysis of a dream of the physicist George Gamow recorded shortly before his death in 1968. The dream is contextualized through Gamow's extended scientific work and popular scientific efforts, and in light of enduring preoccupations with the notion of a complete science. The analysis extends to an examination of the relationship of the dream to dreaming practices and deliberations apart from Gamow’s, as evident in the relationship and collaboration between the physicist Wolfgang Pauli and C. G. Jung.
Transforming Paratext: A Transgender Touch across Time in Confessions of the Fox
Authors: Mozer Gil
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the overlaps between a fictional paratext and a fictional personal narrative, as framed within Jordy Rosenberg’s 2018 novel Confessions of the Fox . The novel’s primary narrative, a “manuscript” of the metafictional biography of eighteenth-century transgender criminal célèbre Jack Sheppard, is encased in multiple layers of heavy footnoting by the novel’s narrator, Dr. Voth, a trans scholar himself. Rosenberg manipulates the novel form with insertions of substantial paratextual narrative, crossing over and at times mirroring Sheppard’s story, blending queer theorizations of temporality with narrative structural innovations to explore a trans “touch across time.” Rosenberg thus queers the nature and function of the paratext, reimagining and complicating its centrality to both the narrative “presenting” and the temporal “making present” of an individual narrative.
Periodization as Metaphor: Transcending Time in Toni Morrison’s Sula and “Recitatif”
Authors: Saitta-Ringger Deborah
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Toni Morrison spoke and wrote extensively about the primacy of the art of creating fiction, resisting any critical, academic, or social attempts, however well-intentioned, to categorize her texts and wrest their autonomy. Implicit in periodization, one such “lazy labeling” strategy long embraced by critics and pedagogues, is a power dynamic that diminishes the artist, her art, and the reader’s experience of both. This discussion of two related works by Morrison, Sula and “Recitatif,” contextualizes her aesthetic theory by closely examining her defiance of conventional norms for narrative structure, character delineation, and even setting description. As both narratives trace their respective protagonists’ lifelong journeys, which propel forward and revert to earlier times to attain truth, Morrison exposes the mendacity of a singularly linear progression of finite time periods. This consideration of Sula and “Recitatif” focuses on the texts as models of Morrison’s insistence upon connection, ambiguity, and circularity in fiction. As metaphorical argument for a literary canon that transcends classification by time periods or any other limiting, arbitrarily prescribed criteria, Morrison’s narratives resonate timelessly.
Simultaneous measurement of bidirectional magnetic field and temperature with a dual-channel sensor based on the whispering gallery mode
Authors: Zhang Chencheng , Pu Shengli , Liu Weinan , Hao Zijian , Xu Tengfei , Duan Simiao , Fu Jiaqi , Han Shufei
Published: May 2024

What we believe is a novel dual-channel whispering gallery mode (WGM) sensor for concurrently measuring bidirectional magnetic field and temperature is proposed and demonstrated. Two sensing microcavities [magnetic fluid (MF)-infiltrated capillary and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated microbottle, respectively, referred as Channel 1 (CH1) and Channel 2 (CH2)] are integrated into a silica capillary to facilitate the dual-channel design. Resonant wavelengths corresponding to CH1 and CH2 mainly depend on the change in the magneto-induced refractive index and the change in the thermo-induced parameter (volume and refractive index) of the employed functional materials, respectively. The MF-infiltrated capillary enables bidirectional magnetic field sensing with maximum sensitivities of 46 pm/mT and -3 pm/mT, respectively. The PDMS-coated structure can realize the temperature measurement with a maximum sensitivity of 79.7 pm/°C. The current work possesses the advantage of bidirectionally magnetic tunability besides the temperature response, which is expected to be used in field such as vector magnetic fields and temperature dual-parameter sensing.
Multi-view fringe projection profilometry for surfaces with intricate structures and high dynamic range
Authors: Zhang Guofeng , Liu Yong , Yao Qian , Deng Huiwen , Zhao Hongwei , Zhang Zonghua , Yang Shuming
Published: May 2024

Fringe projection profilometry plays an important role for quality control in production line. However, it is facing challenges in the measurement of objects with intricate structures and high dynamic range that involved in precision manufacturing and semiconductor packaging. In this paper, a multi-view fringe projection profilometry system, which deploys a vertical telecentric projector and four oblique tilt-shift cameras, is presented to address the “blind spots” caused by shadowing, occlusion and local specular reflection. A flexible and accurate system calibration method is proposed, in which the corrected pinhole imaging model is used to calibrate the telecentric projection, and the unified calibration is performed by bundle adjustment. Experimental results show that the 3D repeated measurement error and standard deviation are no more than 10 μm within a measurable volume of 70 × 40 × 20 mm3. Furthermore, a group of experiments prove that the developed system can achieve complete and accurate 3D measurement for high dynamic range surfaces with complex structures.
Radial IR-GRIN lens prepared by multi-temperature fields manipulated gradient crystallization within chalcogenide glass
Authors: Xiang Yang , Chen Siyu , Luo Qi , Jia Chengtao , Lin Changgui , Dai Shixun , Xu Tiefeng , Chen Feifei , Boudebs Georges
Published: May 2024

Chalcogenide glass has achieved great success in manufacturing axial-type infrared gradient refractive index (IR-GRIN) lenses. However, studies on radial-type IR-GRIN lenses, which are more ideal for optical design, remain rare. The present study introduces what we believe to be a new method for preparing radial IR-GRIN lens by creating high refractive index (n) In2S3 nanocrystals within a 65GeS2-25In2S3-10CsCl (GIC, in molar percentage) glass matrix. Upon introduction of multi-temperature field manipulation, we have successfully achieved central crystallization and simultaneous gradient attenuation spreading toward the edge within GIC glass, providing a radial GRIN profile with Δn over 0.1 while maintaining excellent IR transparency. In addition, the optical and structural properties of the GIC GRIN samples were characterized. The relationship between Raman intensity and the n of glass ceramics at different heat treatment temperatures was investigated, thereby enabling the indirect confirmation of the presence of radial gradient crystallization within the prepared GIC GRIN samples through Raman intensity. Multiple experimental results have shown that this approach has excellent reproducibility and potential for large-scale productions.
Symmetry of constellation diagram-based intelligent SNR estimation for visible light communications
Authors: Wang Maoren , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Huixin , Ghassemlooy Zabih , Zhang Tian
Published: May 2024

Visible light communication (VLC) technology with rich spectrum resources is thought of as an essential component in the future ubiquitous communication networks. Accurately monitoring its transmission impairments is important for improving the stability of high-speed communication networks. Existing research on intelligently monitoring the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance of VLC focuses primarily on the application of neural networks but neglects the physical nature of communication systems. In this work, we propose an intelligent SNR estimation scheme for VLC systems, which is based on the symmetry of constellation diagrams with classical deep learning frameworks. In order to increase the accuracy of the SNR estimation scheme, we introduce two data augmentation methods (DA): point normalization and quadrant normalization. The results of extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed point normalization method is capable of improving accuracy by about 5, 10, 14, and 26%, respectively, for 16-, 64-, 256-, and 1024-quadrature amplitude modulation compared with the same network frameworks without DA. The effect of accuracy improvement can be further superimposed with traditional DA methods. Additionally, the extensive number of constellation points (e.g., 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, and 2048) on the accuracy of SNR estimation is also investigated.
Complete description of effects on reconstruction of dynamic objects from time-averaged digital holography to high-speed digital holography
Authors: Mancio Luis , Olivares-Perez Arturo
Published: May 2024

Time-averaged holography (TAH) is a specialized technique for studying objects subjected to sinusoidal vibration, characterized by presenting a Bessel J0 envelope in the object’s reconstruction, a condition that occurs when the vibration period is much shorter than the hologram exposure time. In this work, we present an analytical expression that describes the reconstruction effects when both the exposure time and the period can take arbitrary values, allowing the application of the TAH technique for exposure times as fractions of the period. We observe that the presented function contains higher-order Bessel functions. Additionally, we found that the envelope not only depends on the relationship between the exposure time and the vibration period but is also directly related to the vibration amplitude. The expression we introduce applies to conditions where exposure times are very short, possible with pulsed lasers, called high-speed holography (HSH), where the object reconstructs as if it were static. This mathematical expression serves as a bridge that continuously connects the techniques of HSH and TAH, enabling a smooth transition between both techniques.
Single-peak and narrow-band mid-infrared thermal emitters driven by mirror-coupled plasmonic quasi-BIC metasurfaces: publisher’s note
Authors: Yang Sen , He Mingze , Hong Chuchuan , Nordlander Josh , Maria Jon-Paul , Caldwell Joshua D. , Ndukaife Justus C.
Published: May 2024

This publisher’s note contains corrections to Optica
11, 305 (2024)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.514203.
Inkjet-printed waveguide-coupled passive wedge-shaped microdisk resonator with refractive index tunability
Authors: van Schoonhoven Frederik , Tomishige Yoshitaka , Abazi Adrian , Sánchez-Postigo Alejandro , Chen Jinghan , Mikami Yuya , Tate Naoya , Oki Yuji , Schuck Carsten , Yoshioka Hiroaki
Published: May 2024

We incorporate a passive wedge-shaped organic microdisk supporting spatially separated whispering gallery modes into an SU-8 photonic integrated circuit (PIC) by using direct inkjet printing. This innovative method allows the mixing of multiple organic materials, enabling tunability of the refractive index of microdisks, thereby overcoming limitations of single-material resonators from conventional lithography. In this study, the microdisk resonator, with a refractive index matching that of SU-8 by mixing hyperbranched polymers, is mounted horizontally to an optical waveguide, achieving directional coupling between the microdisk and PIC at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Geometrical conditions for successful coupling were obtained by measuring the cross-sectional profile of the fabricated structure’s surface via atomic force microscopy, determining ways to adjust the coupling efficiency.
Achieving health equity through conversational AI: A roadmap for design and implementation of inclusive chatbots in healthcare
Authors: Nadarzynski Tom , Knights Nicky , Husbands Deborah , Graham Cynthia A. , Llewellyn Carrie D. , Buchanan Tom , Montgomery Ian , Ridge Damien
Published: May 2024

Background

The rapid evolution of conversational and generative artificial intelligence (AI) has led to the increased deployment of AI tools in healthcare settings. While these conversational AI tools promise efficiency and expanded access to healthcare services, there are growing concerns ethically, practically and in terms of inclusivity. This study aimed to identify activities which reduce bias in conversational AI and make their designs and implementation more equitable.

Methods

A qualitative research approach was employed to develop an analytical framework based on the content analysis of 17 guidelines about AI use in clinical settings. A stakeholder consultation was subsequently conducted with a total of 33 ethnically diverse community members, AI designers, industry experts and relevant health professionals to further develop a roadmap for equitable design and implementation of conversational AI in healthcare. Framework analysis was conducted on the interview data.

Results

A 10-stage roadmap was developed to outline activities relevant to equitable conversational AI design and implementation phases: 1) Conception and planning, 2) Diversity and collaboration, 3) Preliminary research, 4) Co-production, 5) Safety measures, 6) Preliminary testing, 7) Healthcare integration, 8) Service evaluation and auditing, 9) Maintenance, and 10) Termination.

Discussion

We have made specific recommendations to increase conversational AI’s equity as part of healthcare services. These emphasise the importance of a collaborative approach and the involvement of patient groups in navigating the rapid evolution of conversational AI technologies. Further research must assess the impact of recommended activities on chatbots’ fairness and their ability to reduce health inequalities.
Collaborative Cross mice have diverse phenotypic responses to infection with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300
Authors: Nagarajan Aravindh , Scoggin Kristin , Gupta Jyotsana , Aminian Manuchehr , Adams L. Garry , Kirby Michael , Threadgill David , Andrews-Polymenis Helene
Published: May 2024

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an opportunistic pathogen causing diseases ranging from mild skin infections to life threatening conditions, including endocarditis, pneumonia, and sepsis. To identify host genes modulating this host-pathogen interaction, we infected 25 Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse strains with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and monitored disease progression for seven days using a surgically implanted telemetry system. CC strains varied widely in their response to intravenous MRSA infection. We identified eight ‘susceptible’ CC strains with high bacterial load, tissue damage, and reduced survival. Among the surviving strains, six with minimal colonization were classified as ‘resistant’, while the remaining six tolerated higher organ colonization (‘tolerant’). The kidney was the most heavily colonized organ, but liver, spleen and lung colonization were better correlated with reduced survival. Resistant strains had higher pre-infection circulating neutrophils and lower post-infection tissue damage compared to susceptible and tolerant strains. We identified four CC strains with sexual dimorphism: all females survived the study period while all males met our euthanasia criteria earlier. In these CC strains, males had more baseline circulating monocytes and red blood cells. We identified several CC strains that may be useful as new models for endocarditis, myocarditis, pneumonia, and resistance to MRSA infection. Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analysis identified two significant loci, on Chromosomes 18 and 3, involved in early susceptibility and late survival after infection. We prioritized Npc1 and Ifi44l genes as the strongest candidates influencing survival using variant analysis and mRNA expression data from kidneys within these intervals.
A randomised Trial of Autologous Blood products, leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF), to promote ulcer healing in LEprosy: The TABLE trial
Authors: Napit Indra B. , Shrestha Dilip , Choudhury Sopna , Gkini Eleni , Ilozumba Onaedo , Gill Paramjit , Bishop Jon , Neupane Karuna , Adhikari Anju , Sartori Jo , Watson Samuel I. , Lilford Richard
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Autologous blood products like Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) and Leukocyte and Platelets Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) have been used for many years across many types of skin ulcers. However, the effectiveness of autologous blood products on wound healing is not well established.

Methods

We evaluated the ‘second generation’ autologous product- Leukocyte and Platelet- Rich Fibrin (L-PRF). Our trial was undertaken on patients suffering from neuropathic leprosy ulcers at the Anandaban hospital which serves the entire country of Nepal. We conducted a 1:1 (n = 130) individually randomised trial of L-PRF (intervention) vs. normal saline dressing (control) to compare rate of healing and time to complete healing. Rate of healing was estimated using blind assessments of ulcer areas based on three different measurement methods. Time to complete healing was measured by the local unblinded clinicians and by blind assessment of ulcer images.

Results

The point estimates for both outcomes were favourable to L-PRF but the effect sizes were small. Unadjusted mean differences (intervention vs control) in mean daily healing rates (cm2) were respectively 0.012 (95% confidence interval 0.001 to 0.023, p = 0.027); 0.016 (0.004 to 0.027, p = 0.008) and 0.005 (-0.005 to 0.016, p = 0.313) across the three measurement methods. Time to complete healing at 42 days yielded Hazard Ratios (unadjusted) of 1.3 (0.8 to 2.1, p = 0.300) assessed by unblinded local clinicians and 1.2 (0.7 to 2.0, p = 0.462) on blind assessment.

Conclusion

Any benefit from L-PRF appears insufficient to justify routine use in care of neuropathic ulcers in leprosy.

Trial registration

ISRCTN14933421. Date of trial registration: 16 June 2020.
Fostering proactive work behavior: Where to start?
Authors: Yuspahruddin A. , Abbas Hafid , Pahala Indra , Eliyana Anis , Yazid Zaleha
Published: May 2024

This study underscores the significance of assessing the capabilities of rehabilitation officers in navigating challenges, devising innovative work methods, and successfully executing the rehabilitation process. This is particularly crucial amid the dual challenges of overcapacity and the repercussions of the Covid-19 pandemic, making it an essential area for research. To be specific, it aims to obtain empirical evidence about the influence of proactive personality and supportive supervision on proactive work behavior, as well as the mediating role of Role Breadth Self-efficacy and Change Orientation. This research was conducted on all rehabilitation officers at the Narcotics Penitentiary in Sumatra, totaling 272 respondents. This study employs a quantitative method via a questionnaire using a purposive sampling technique. The data was subsequently examined using the Lisrel 8.70 software and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). It can be concluded from the results that the rehabilitation officers for narcotics addicts at the Narcotics Penitentiary can create and improve proactive work behavior properly through the influence of proactive personality, supportive supervision, role breadth self-efficacy, and change orientation. The study may suggest new ways of working and generate new ideas to increase initiative, encourage feedback, and voice employee concerns. Furthermore, this research has the potential to pinpoint deficiencies in proactive work behavior, serving as a foundation for designing interventions or training programs. These initiatives aim to enhance the innovative and creative contributions of rehabilitation officers in the rehabilitation process.
Hepcidin, in contrast to heparin binding protein, does not portend acute kidney injury in patients with community acquired septic shock
Authors: Olinder Jon , Stjernqvist Matilda Jovanovic , Lindén Albin , Salomonsson Evelina Thaphikul , Annborn Martin , Herwald Heiko , Rydén Cecilia
Published: May 2024

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe complication in patients treated at an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The pathogenesis of AKI has been reported to involve hypoperfusion, diminished oxygenation, systemic inflammation, and damage by increased intracellular iron concentration. Hepcidin, a regulator of iron metabolism, has been shown to be associated with sepsis and septic shock, conditions that can result in AKI. Heparin binding protein (HBP) has been reported to be associated with sepsis and AKI. The aim of the present study was to compare serum hepcidin and heparin binding protein (HBP) levels in relation to AKI in patients admitted to the ICU.

Methods

One hundred and forty patients with community acquired illness admitted to the ICU within 24 hours after first arrival to the hospital were included in the study. Eighty five of these patients were diagnosed with sepsis and 55 with other severe non-septic conditions. Logistic and linear regression models were created to evaluate possible correlations between circulating hepcidin and heparin-binding protein (HBP), stage 2–3 AKI, peak serum creatinine levels, and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT).

Results

During the 7-day study period, 52% of the 85 sepsis and 33% of the 55 non-sepsis patients had been diagnosed with AKI stage 2–3 already at inclusion. The need for RRT was 20% and 15%, respectively, in the groups. Hepcidin levels at admission were significantly higher in the sepsis group compared to the non-sepsis group but these levels did not significantly correlate to the development of stage 2–3 AKI in the sepsis group (p = 0.189) nor in the non-sepsis group (p = 0.910). No significant correlation between hepcidin and peak creatinine levels, nor with the need for RRT was observed. Stage 2–3 AKI correlated, as expected, significantly with HBP levels at admission in both groups (Odds Ratio 1.008 (CI 1.003–1.014, p = 0.005), the need for RRT, as well as with peak creatinine in septic patients.

Conclusion

Initial serum hepcidin, and HBP levels in patients admitted to the ICU are biomarkers for septic shock but in contrast to HBP, hepcidin does not portend progression of disease into AKI or a later need for RRT. Since hepcidin is a key regulator of iron metabolism our present data do not support a decisive role of initial iron levels in the progression of septic shock into AKI.
Spatial and temporal clustering of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Illinois household cats, 2021–2023
Authors: Chen Chi , Martins Mathias , Nooruzzaman Mohammed , Yettapu Dipankar , Diel Diego G. , Reinhart Jennifer M. , Urbasic Ashlee , Robinson Hannah , Varga Csaba , Fang Ying
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence and spatial and temporal clustering of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in household cats within 63 counties in Illinois from October 2021 to May 2023. The analysis followed a stepwise approach. First, in a choropleth point map, we illustrated the distribution of county-level seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Next, spatial interpolation was used to predict the seroprevalence in counties without recorded data. Global and local clustering methods were used to identify the extent of clustering and the counties with high or low seroprevalence, respectively. Next, temporal, spatial, and space-time scan statistic was used to identify periods and counties with higher-than-expected seroprevalence. In the last step, to identify more distinct areas in counties with high seroprevalence, city-level analysis was conducted to identify temporal and space-time clusters. Among 1,715 samples tested by serological assays, 244 samples (14%) tested positive. Young cats had higher seropositivity than older cats, and the third quarter of the year had the highest odds of seropositivity. Three county-level space-time clusters with higher-than-expected seroprevalence were identified in the northeastern, central-east, and southwest regions of Illinois, occurring between June and October 2022. In the city-level analysis, 2 space-time clusters were identified in Chicago’s downtown and the southwestern suburbs of Chicago between June and September 2022. Our results suggest that the high density of humans and cats in large cities such as Chicago, might play a role in the transmission and clustering of SARS-CoV-2. Our study provides an in-depth analysis of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology in Illinois household cats, which will aid in COVID-19 control and prevention.
Association of chest computed tomography severity score at ICU admission and respiratory outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Esper Treml Ricardo , Caldonazo Tulio , Barlem Hohmann Fábio , Lima da Rocha Daniel , Filho Pedro Hilton A. , Mori Andréia L. , S. Carvalho André , S. F. Serrano Juliana , A. T. Dall-Aglio Pedro , Radermacher Peter , Silva João M.
Published: May 2024

Objective

To evaluate the association of a validated chest computed tomography (Chest-CT) severity score in COVID-19 patients with their respiratory outcome in the Intensive Care Unit.

Methods

A single-center, prospective study evaluated patients with positive RT-PCR for COVID-19, who underwent Chest-CT and had a final COVID-19 clinical diagnosis needing invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU. The admission chest-CT was evaluated according to a validated Chest-CT Severity Score in COVID-19 (Chest-CTSS) divided into low ≤50% (<14 points) and >50% high (≥14 points) lung parenchyma involvement. The association between the initial score and their pulmonary clinical outcomes was evaluated.

Results

121 patients were clustered into the > 50% lung involvement group and 105 patients into the ≤ 50% lung involvement group. Patients ≤ 50% lung involvement (<14 points) group presented lower PEEP levels and FiO2 values, respectively GEE P = 0.09 and P = 0.04. The adjusted COX model found higher hazard to stay longer on invasive mechanical ventilation HR: 1.69, 95% CI, 1.02–2.80, P = 0.042 and the adjusted logistic regression model showed increased risk ventilator-associated pneumonia OR = 1.85 95% CI 1.01–3.39 for COVID-19 patients with > 50% lung involvement (≥14 points) on Chest-CT at ICU admission.

Conclusion

COVID-19 patients with >50% lung involvement on Chest-CT admission presented higher chances to stay longer on invasive mechanical ventilation and more chances to developed ventilator-associated pneumonia.