bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iron-Deficiency Anemia Related to Ancylostoma duodenale Infection in 67 Years Old Female Patient
Authors: Prasetyo Widodo Adi , Armen Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Background. Ancylostomiasis is an infection caused by hookworms. It is estimated that hookworms infect 1.2 billion people worldwide and cause higher morbidity than other types, mainly due to iron deficiency anemia. Hookworm infection increases with age. The main clinical manifestations are abdominal pain, features of iron deficiency anemia and hypoproteinemia. Diagnosis is based on the finding of characteristic eggs in the stool.

Case presentation. A 67-year-old female patient had been administered into the Internal Medicine Ward of Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital with the main complaint of weakness, fatigue, and lethargy which had increased since 3 days before being admitted to the hospital. The patient also had complaints of pale skin, fever, heartburn, decreased appetite and weight loss. The patient was admitted to the hospital with awareness of compost mentis, cooperative, and his general condition appeared to be moderately ill, blood pressure 130/90 mmHg, pulse rate 104 x/minute, regular pulse, adequate filling, respiratory rate 22 x/minute, temperature 37.8 C. On physical examination, the conjunctiva of the pantient’s eyes were anemic. Laboratory examination revealed Hemoglobin 4 g/dl, Hematocrit 16%, MCV/MCH/MCHC 62fl/15pg/25g/dL, Reticulocytes 0.5%, SI/TIBC 22/315 mg/dL, Ferritin 8.5 ng/mL, and peripheral blood smear showing severe hypochromic microcytic anemia and relative eosinofilia. Ancylostoma duodenale worm eggs were found on routine stool examination. Final diagnosis was Severe microcytic hypochromic anemia caused by an iron deficiency and Ancylostomiasis. Severe microcytic hypochromic anemia caused by iron deficiency and ancylostomiasis was established based on the patient’s history, physical examination and laboratory investigations.

Conclusions. Hookworms infect many people worldwide and cause high morbidity, mainly due to iron deficiency anemia. The highest prevalence is found in the tropics and subtropics, including Indonesia. The main clinical manifestations are abdominal pain, features of iron deficiency anemia and hypoproteinemia. Diagnosis is based on the finding of characteristic eggs in the stool. Albendazole 400 mg single dose resulted in 80% cure and a dose of 200 mg/day for 3 days gave 100% cure. Treatment of anemia is by administering ferrous sulfate or ferrous gluconate orally 200 mg three times a day and continued for up to 3 months after normal hemoglobin levels are achieved to maintain iron stores.
Efecto del confinamiento sobre el estado emocional en una muestra de habitantes panameños
Authors: Romero-Ramos Néstor , Romero-Ramos Óscar , González Suárez Arnoldo , Lobach Yulianna
Published: January 2022

La pandemia causada por COVID-19 ha llevado a los países a tomar medidas en lo económico, político y social, para garantizar que el número de contagiados pueda ser tratado por los servicios de salud, causando diversos problemas a nivel físico y mental en la población. Esta investigación tiene como propósito conocer el estado emocional de una muestra de habitantes panameños durante los primeros meses de confinamiento obligatorio y evaluar la estructura factorial del test EVEA (escala de valoración del estado de ánimo) en el contexto panameño. Se envió el test EVEA y un cuestionario ad hoc por correo electrónico, a dos grupos de participantes (grupo 1, n = 199, 41% de hombres; grupo 2, n = 123, 41% de hombres). Se aplicaron pruebas de contraste no paramétricas, análisis factorial exploratorio, análisis de correlación bivariado y regresión jerárquica. La emoción que predomina según el test aplicado es la alegría, seguida de la ansiedad. Se obtuvo una estructura factorial de tres factores y un α de Cronbach superior a 0.8 en todas las subescalas. Se encontró una correlación negativa y significativa entre la ansiedad, tristeza e ira y la actividad física (AF); con la relajación/meditación (RM) ocurre lo mismo, pero también se correlacionó positiva y significativamente con la alegría. Después de controlar algunas variables, la AF predice la ansiedad y la tristeza. La RM, después de controlar algunas variables, predice la alegría, la ansiedad, la ira y la depresión.  Aunque la emoción predominante es la alegría, se encontraron niveles altos para las subescalas de ansiedad, tristeza e ira, lo cual se atribuye a la situación de la población durante el confinamiento. La AF y la RM tienen un efecto protector sobre el estado emocional de las personas, y se sugiere la implementación de programas que fomenten dichas actividades, durante el confinamiento.
Un acercamiento a la noción de alfabetización en energía
Authors: Dixon-Pineda Manuel
Published: January 2022

Actualmente estamos en un mundo cambiante debido al cambio climático, lo que obliga a que el uso de los recursos, incluyendo la energía, fundamental para el desarrollo humano deba ser sustentable en el tiempo.  Por ende, es importante comprender cómo es el consumo de energía de las personas. En el presente artículo se analiza un concepto de la educación ambiental que puede ayudar a comprender la compleja relación entre el comportamiento humano y el uso de la energía: la alfabetización en energía. Aquí se presenta un primer acercamiento a este concepto que evalúa de dónde surge y cómo nos puede servir en el futuro, utilizando como ejemplo el caso del consumo energético en Panamá.
Planning of Urban Quarters, Districts and Neighbourhoods in Islam’s Holiest City: A Comparative Analytical Study
Authors: Absi Abdo , Binyaseen Adel , Monawar Abdulghani
Published: January 2022

Global experiences of planning urban areas are characterised by adopting hierarchical structures from large to small structures, i.e. residential quarter (large residential area), residential district and then residential neighbourhood. Each structure is characterised according to the area, the number of people and the services required for targeting a sustainable urban environment. This concept is a milestone in urban planning in Saudi Arabia. The research attempted to discuss the general trend of planning housing projects in Saudi Arabia and the extent of applying the hierarchal concept. Three models were chosen randomly in Makkah, showing such planning hierarchy. These are Al Shawqiyyah, Al Sharaie and Al Rabwah. These projects were planned four decades ago and became a reality. Through comparative analytical methods, findings revealed ambiguity of the hierarchal planning concept in these projects. Further, the traditional neighbourhood concept was prevalent in most neighbourhoods characterised by low-density development in planning but medium and high densities in reality. The problem is getting worse as cities grow horizontally and vertically. Consistent scientific analysis based on practice and continuous meta-analysis was used. The paper calls for the need to change the current premises of housing plans and reorganise the accumulated problems according to global experiences and local standards.
Developing Smart Learning Environments in Line with the Future Requirements of Artificial Intelligence: Saudi Universities
Authors: Alanazy Salim
Published: January 2022

The current study aims to develop smart learning environments in Saudi universities in line with the future requirements of artificial intelligence. To achieve this goal, a systematic review was conducted on studies published on Scopus and Google Scholar databases from 1990 until 2021 on the development of e-learning in the light of artificial intelligence (in addition to the relevant Arab studies). First, a list of challenges and opportunities for developing smart learning environments according to the future requirements of artificial intelligence was composed. Then, a questionnaire was prepared and reviewed by several academic experts in educational technology in Saudi universities. The study results include many challenges expected to be encountered in the smart learning environments in Saudi universities concerning the future preconditions for artificial intelligence. It also presented a number of opportunities and procedures for facing such challenges and exploiting the opportunities. Finally, some recommendations and suggestions were presented.
Study of Video Games as Alternative Teaching Media In Covid-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Utomo Pandu R
Published: January 2022

Technology has a direct impact on human’s behaviors and lifestyles in Covid-19 pandemic era. Various sectors such as education and economy adapted technology-based remote work and study. With the existence of remote  study, the educational world will still face some issues related to the study effectiveness which requires students’ initiatives in the process. This research’s aim is to explore video game's potential as an alternative education method to solve those issues. Also, it is to study the reason why videogames are considered as a solution for remote study’s challenges during this pandemic. A study method towards related literature was used in this research. Conclusion achieved from this research is that videogames are able to stimulate students’ initiatives in exploring learning materials. Video games gave play-like learning experience and thus, reduced the stress on the students during remote study. However, the result still needs further study to achieve realistic methods that can be applied in the field. 

Keywords: Game, Remote Study, Pandemic
NIVELES DE As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Se Y Zn EN TEJIDO MUSCULAR Y HEPÁTICO DEL Cheilodactylus variegatus VALENCIENNES, 1833 “PINTADILLA” EN LA ZONA COSTERA DE LIMA, PERÚ
Authors: Quintana Paetán Sigfredo Alexander
Published: January 2022

La “pintadilla” (Cheilodactylus variegatus Valenciennes, 1833) es una especie marina que se desarrolla cerca de la costa y es capturada por la pesca artesanal para consumo humano. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la concentración de los elementos As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Se y Zn en esta especie (tejido muscular y tejido hepático) en la zona costera de Lima. Se recolectaron un total de 32 muestras, durante 8 meses (periodo de setiembre 2018 a marzo 2019), en los mercados pesqueros artesanales de Chorrillos y Ancón, determinándose la concentración de los elementos citados mediante la espectrofotometría de emisión ópticacon plasma de acoplamiento inductivo (ICP-OES). En general, las mayores concentraciones promedio de elementos fueron encontradas en el tejido hepático en comparación con el tejido muscular para ambas zonas (cadmio y manganeso no se detectaron en el tejido muscular). Se evidenció que no hay diferencia significativa entre las medias de las concentraciones para las dos zonas de muestreo (con excepción del cobre). Se evidenció correlación positiva solo en algunos de los elementos en estudio.
VALIDACIÓN DE UN MÉTODO POR CROMATOGRAFÍA LÍQUIDA DE ALTA RESOLUCIÓN PARA LA CUANTIFICACIÓN DE SENÓSIDOS EN TABLETAS DE CHOCOLATE
Authors: Samaniego Jhonnel , Huerta Jenny , Inocente Miguel , Obregón Juan , López Maricela
Published: January 2022

La industria farmacéutica, para el desarrollo de un nuevo producto, necesita utilizar un método analítico que permita cuantificar, de forma rápida y confiable, el principio activo. En la validación, se determina si el método es fiable y reproducible, por ello, en el presente trabajo, se valida un método para cuantificar senósidos en tabletas por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución, el tipo de investigación fue descriptivo con muestreo aleatorio simple. Las condiciones cromatográficas empleadas son: columna L11 (Phenyl) 15 cm x 4,6 mm x 5 μm, temperatura del horno a 40 ºC, longitud de onda a 274 nm, fase móvil con gradientede flujo que oscila entre 0,4 y 1,5 mL/minuto y de solvente, compuesta por buffer fosfato pH 3,5 y Acetonitrilo, volumen de inyección 40 μL. Los parámetros de validación evaluados confirmaron la especificidad, la linealidad a concentraciones de 0,07; 0,11; 0,15; 0,19 y 0,23 mg/mL con un coeficiente de correlación de 0,9996, la precisión con coeficiente de variación menor a 2 %, la exactitud del 98,6 % y la robustez después de 24 horas con C.V. (%) ≤ 2 %. Se determina que el método propuesto es apto para la cuantificación de senósidos en tabletas de chocolate.
Activities of The First Ukrainian Representation in Istanbul: State Mission of Diplomats
Authors: Matiash Iryna
Published: January 2022

The article offers an insight into the foundations and main directions of work of the Ukrainian diplomatic mission in Istanbul through the prism of the personalities of its leaders. The author paid particular attention to the problems that Ukrainians had to face at the first stage of the formation of Ukrainian-Turkish diplomatic relations. The article was prepared on the basis of archival information contained in documents, which are mainly stored in the Central State Archives of the High Authorities and Administration of Ukraine. The results of studies of Ukrainian and Turkish scientists are taken into account. Based on the documents revealed and historiography, it was stated that the activity of the first Ukrainian diplomatic mission in Turkey lasted more than three years. During April 1918 – June 1922, there were five heads of the diplomatic mission, namely Mykola Levytskyi, Mykhailo Sukovkin, Oleksandr Lototskyi, Jan Tokarzewski-Karaszewicz, Lev Lisniak, each of whom exerted best of their strengths, intelligence and devotion to the national idea to implement the state mission. Mykhailo Sukovkin inflicted harm on the image of Ukraine maintaining contacts within the White Guard and demonstrating a non-Ukrainian position.
The author states that the main areas of activity of the diplomatic mission were to establish political and economic relations, disseminate truthful information about Ukraine, achieve recognition of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church by the Ecumenical Patriarchate, popularize and institutionalise the idea of the Black Sea Union, organise aid to Ukrainian prisoners of war and refugees in Istanbul, form them into Ukrainian army units. The termination of the activities of the Embassy of the UPR was the result of the signing of interstate treaties between Turkey and the RSFSR and the Ukrainian SSR in 1922. The mutual diplomatic presence of the UPR and the Ottoman Empire in 1918 and the extension of the stay of the Ukrainian diplomatic mission in Istanbul in June 1922 give grounds to suggest that after the restoration of Ukraine’s state independence in 1991, the Ukrainian-Turkish diplomatic relations were not established but restored.
Keywords: Ukrainian People’s Republic, Ukrainian State, Embassy of the UPR in the Ottoman Empire, Brest Peace Treaty.
La Multidisciplinariedad en la Ingeniería
Authors: Mujica-Sequera Ruth M.
Published: January 2022

Los nuevos medios interactivos han creado muchos entornos educativos. Donde es llamado al método de enseñanza la  " caja de herramientas ", que luego de utilizar este medio se puede obtener  los objetivos que tenemos dentro de las limitaciones de un entorno determinado.
Aplicación en el contexto Educativo (FODA)
Authors: Mujica Ruth
Published: January 2022

El Análisis DAFO, también conocido como Análisis FODA, es una metodología de estudio de la situación de una empresa o un proyecto, analizando sus características internas (Debilidades y Fortalezas) y su situación externa (Amenazas y Oportunidades) en una matriz cuadrada. Es una herramienta para conocer la situación real en que se encuentra una organización, empresa o proyecto, y planificar una estrategia de futuro.
¿Cómo podemos aprender a aprender?
Authors: Mujica-Sequera Ruth M.
Published: January 2022

Realmente, no existe una fórmula mágica en el proceso de aprendizaje, debido a que todos no aprendemos igual. Pero si podemos darte unos consejos que donde se pretenden enseñarte a programar tu tiempo de estudio, a organizar tu material de estudio, a utilizar los recursos y servicios disponibles a través de las bibliotecas, a leer y tomar apuntes correctamente, a resumir y memorizar lo aprendido.
Características de los Sistemas
Authors: Mujica-Sequera Ruth M.
Published: January 2022

Cuando el hombre piensa en imágenes, puede atraer a la mente mucha información a la vez, por eso las personas que utiliza el sistema de representación visual tiene más facilidad para absorber grandes cantidades de información con rapidez. Visualizar ayuda, a establecer relaciones entre distintas ideas y conceptos. Cuando un estudiante tiene problemas para relacionar conceptos, muchas veces se debe a que está procesando la información de forma auditiva o kinestésica.
Erken Dönem Covid-19 Pandemisinin Avrupa Borsalarındaki Volatiliteye Etkisinin Araştırılması
Authors: YILDIZ Bülent
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 pandemisinin erken döneminde, Avrupa borsalarında yaşanan dalgalanmanın pandemi ile ilişkisinin kısa dönem için ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, erken dönem COVID-19 pandemisi nedeniyle ortaya çıkan ölüm ve vaka sayılarının Avrupa borsalarındaki volatiliteye etkisi panel veri analizi yöntemiyle sınanmıştır. Çalışma kısa vadede, piyasaların COVID-19’a verdiği tepkinin ölçülerek sonuçlarının paylaşılması ve muhtemel benzer kriz dönemleri için piyasaların daha hazır hale gelmesine katkı yapması bakımından önemlidir. Analize, çalışmanın yapıldığı dönem için vaka ve ölüm sayılarının nüfusa göre en yüksek olduğu 15 Avrupa ülkesi (İngiltere, Almanya, İsviçre, İsveç, İtalya, İrlanda, Belçika, Norveç, Avusturya, Danimarka, Hollanda, Fransa, İspanya, İzlanda, Portekiz) ile birlikte Türkiye’de dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada pandeminin ülkelerin borsa endekslerindeki (DAX, ATX, BEL20, FTSE100, OMXC20, AEX, CAC40, FTSE MIB, IBEX35, ISEQ, SMI, OMXIPI, BIST100) volatiliteye etkisi araştırılırken, 17.02.2020 - 24.04.2020 dönemine ait günlük veriler kullanılmıştır. Değişken olarak vaka artış hızı, ölüm artış hızı ve volatilite kullanılmış olup iki model tahmin edilmiştir. Analiz için Stata 11 ve EViews 5.1 ekonometrik analiz programlarından yararlanılmış olup, model seçimi ve doğrulama testleri (değişen varyans ve otokorelasyon) için kodlar kullanılmıştır. Panel Birim Kök Testi, Breush- Pagan Lagrange Multiplier (LM) Testi, Hausman İçsellik Testi ve İki Yönlü Rassal Etkiler Model tahmininin yapıldığı bu çalışmadaki beklenti, vaka ve ölüm sayılarındaki artışların borsa oynaklığını negatif yönde etkileyeceği şeklindedir. Panel veri analizinin, iki yönlü rassal etki modeli ile tahmin edildiği çalışmada, her iki modelde elde edilen sonuçların pozitif ve istatistiki olarak anlamlı oldukları görülmektedir. Yani volatilite, vaka artış hızı %1 arttığında %0,01 artarken, ölüm artış hızı %1 arttığında %0,04 oranında artmaktadır.
Aristo’nun Etik Anlayışı Çerçevesinde Toplumsal Dönüşüm: “Sosyal Girişimcilik”
Authors: İLDAŞ Görkem
Published: January 2022

Girişimcilik kavramı ağırlıklı olarak ticari amaçlı girişimleri kapsayan eksende değerlendirilmekte; ekonomik fırsatların yeni değerlere dönüşümünü anlatan kârlılık odaklı bakış açısıyla ele alınmaktadır. Oysa bir coğrafyanın, toplumun refahını arttıracak, yaşam şartlarında büyük değişimlere yol açabilecek sosyal girişimcilik uygulamalarına günümüzde her zamankinden daha çok ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Eğitimden doğaya, sağlıktan insan haklarına; toplumsal dönüşüm için umut olabilecek nitelikteki daha fazla çalışmaya sosyal girişimcilerin atacakları adımlar öncülük edecektir.
Bu çalışmanın ana amacı sosyal girişimcilik kavramının Aristotelesçi etik anlayış çerçevesinde ele alınıp alınamayacağını tartışmaktır. Literatür taramasına dayalı olarak yapılan bu çalışmada sosyal girişimciliği Aristoteles’in bakış açısı ile ele alarak, güncel sosyal girişimcilik örnekleri ile konuyu tartışmak amaçlanmıştır. Peki Aristoteles’in eylem odaklı mutluluk kavramına bakışında olduğu gibi ‘yaşama etkinliğimizi erdemli kılmak ve erdeme uygun hale getirmek için neler yapmalıyız?’ Çünkü Aristoteles’e göre erdemli eylemler insanın hayatını var etmektedir; eylem kişinin varoluşu için en önemli yapıtaşıdır; eylemsizlik halinde olan birey ise, birey olarak erdemli bir karakter olsa dahi, erdemli bir hayat yaşamış sayılmamaktadır.
Bu çalışmada cesaret, bilgi, araştırma ve eylemin buluştuğu sosyal girişimciliğin Aristoteles’in öğretisi ve konu hakkında etik tartışmaları ile değerlendirilmesi; güncel gönüllülük çalışmaları ve sosyal girişimcilik örneklerine yer verilerek tartışılması hedeflenmiştir.
Armamento de sitio en el castillo de Chinchilla (Albacete) durante la guerra del marquesado de Villena: la artillería de hierro forjado
Authors: Simón García José Luis , Lorrio Alvarado Alberto J.
Published: January 2022

In this paper we present a second study on the weapons recovered from the excavations at Chinchilla Castle (Albacete), this time focused on the War of the Marquis of Villena, in full conflict over the succession of the kingdom of Castilla between Don Diego Pacheco, Marquis of Villena, supporting Juana la Beltraneja and Isabel la Católica with the support of Fernando de Aragón.
Personajes y cortesanos en el Albacete del siglo XVI. Agentes y medios de relación entre el ámbito de la corte y un pequeño municipio
Authors: Córcoles Jiménez María Pilar
Published: January 2022

Once the regimental offices were alienated in the council of Albacete in 1543, becoming life-long and royally appointed, we find during the second half of the 16th century the presentation as aldermen in this council of Albacete of external characters, related to the Royal Court and to the areas of power at the level of the Central administration.
High-contrast Imaging with Fizeau Interferometry: the Case of Altair*
Authors: Spalding E. , Morzinski K. M. , Hinz P. , Males J. , Meyer M. , Quanz S. P. , Leisenring J. , Power J.
Published: January 2022

The Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) has two 8.4 m primary mirrors that produce beams that can be combined coherently in a “Fizeau” interferometric mode. In principle, the Fizeau point-spread function (PSF) enables the probing of structure at a resolution up to three times better than that of the adaptive-optics-corrected PSF of a single 8.4 m telescope. In this work, we examined the nearby star Altair (5.13 pc, type A7V, hundreds of Myr to ≈1.4 Gyr) in the Fizeau mode with the LBT at Brα (4.05 μm) and carried out angular differential imaging to search for companions. This work presents the first filled-aperture LBT Fizeau science data set to benefit from a correcting mirror that provides active phase control. In the analysis of the λ/D angular regime, the sensitivity of the data set is down to ≈0.5 M
⊙ at 1″ for a 1.0 Gyr system. This sensitivity remains limited by the small amount of integration time, which is in turn limited by the instability of the Fizeau PSF. However, in the Fizeau fringe regime we attain sensitivities of Δm ≈ 5 at 0.″2 and put constraints on companions of 1.3 M
⊙ down to an inner angle of ≈0.″15, closer than any previously published direct imaging of Altair. This analysis is a pathfinder for future data sets of this type, and represents some of the first steps to unlocking the potential of the first Extremely Large Telescope. Fizeau observations will be able to reach dimmer targets with upgrades to the instrument, in particular the phase detector.
CHILES. VII. Deep Imaging for the CHILES Project, an SKA Prototype
Authors: Dodson R. , Momjian E. , Pisano D. J. , Luber N. , Blue Bird J. , Rozgonyi K. , Smith E. T. , van Gorkom J. H. , Lucero D. , Hess K. M. , Yun M. , Rhee J. , van der Hulst J. M. , Vinsen K. , Meyer M. , Fernandez X. , Gim H. B. , Popping A. , Wilcots E.
Published: January 2022

Radio astronomy is undergoing a renaissance, as the next generation of instruments provides a massive leap forward in collecting area and therefore raw sensitivity. However, to achieve this theoretical level of sensitivity in the science data products, we need to address the much more pernicious systematic effects, which are the true limitation. These become all the more significant when we consider that much of the time used by survey instruments, such as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), will be dedicated to deep surveys. CHILES is a deep H i survey of the COSMOS field, with 1000 hr of Very Large Array time. We present our approach for creating the image cubes from the first epoch, with discussions of the methods and quantification of the data quality from 946 to 1420 MHz—a redshift range of 0.5−0. We lay out the problems we had to solve and describe how we tackled them. These are important because CHILES is the first deep wide-band multiepoch H i survey and has relevance for ongoing and future surveys. We focus on the accumulated systematic errors in the imaging, as the goal is to deliver a high-fidelity image that is only limited by the random thermal errors. To understand and correct these systematic effects, we ideally manage them in the domain in which they arise, and that is predominately the visibility domain. CHILES is a perfect test bed for many of the issues we can expect for deep imaging with the SKA or ngVLA, and we discuss the lessons we have learned.
The Structure of Multiphase Galactic Winds
Authors: Fielding Drummond B. , Bryan Greg L.
Published: January 2022

We present a novel analytic framework to model the steady-state structure of multiphase galactic winds comprised of a hot, volume-filling component and a cold, clumpy component. We first derive general expressions for the structure of the hot phase for arbitrary mass, momentum, and energy source terms. Next, informed by recent simulations, we parameterize the cloud–wind mass transfer rates, which are set by the competition between turbulent mixing and radiative cooling. This enables us to cast the cloud–wind interaction as a source term for the hot phase and thereby simultaneously solve for the evolution of both phases, fully accounting for their bidirectional influence. With this model, we explore the nature of galactic winds over a broad range of conditions. We find that (i) with realistic parameter choices, we naturally produce a hot, low-density wind that transports energy while entraining a significant flux of cold clouds, (ii) mixing dominates the cold cloud acceleration and decelerates the hot wind, (iii) during mixing thermalization of relative kinetic energy provides significant heating, (iv) systems with low hot phase mass loading factors and/or star formation rates can sustain higher initial cold phase mass loading factors, but the clouds are quickly shredded, and (v) systems with large hot phase mass loading factors and/or high star formation rates cannot sustain large initial cold phase mass loading factors, but the clouds tend to grow with distance from the galaxy. Our results highlight the necessity of accounting for the multiphase structure of galactic winds, both physically and observationally, and have important implications for feedback in galactic systems.
Rebounding Cores to Build Star Cluster Multiple Populations
Authors: Parmentier G. , Pasquali A.
Published: January 2022

We present a novel approach to the riddle of star cluster multiple populations. Stars form from molecular cores. But not all cores form stars. Following their initial compression, such “failed” cores re-expand, rather than collapsing. We propose that their formation and subsequent dispersal regulate the gas density of cluster-forming clumps and, therefore, their core and star formation rates. Clumps for which failed cores are the dominant core type experience star formation histories with peaks and troughs (i.e., discrete star formation episodes). In contrast, too few failed cores results in smoothly decreasing star formation rates. We identify three main parameters shaping the star formation history of a clump: the star and core formation efficiencies per free-fall time, and the timescale on which failed cores return to the clump gas. The clump mass acts as a scaling factor. We use our model to constrain the density and mass of the Orion Nebula Cluster progenitor clump, and to caution that the star formation histories of starburst clusters may contain close-by peaks concealed by stellar age uncertainties. Our model generates a great variety of star formation histories. Intriguingly, the chromosome maps and O–Na anticorrelations of old globular clusters also present diverse morphologies. This prompts us to discuss our model in the context of globular cluster multiple stellar populations. More massive globular clusters exhibit stronger multiple stellar population patterns, which our model can explain if the formation of the polluting stars requires a given stellar mass threshold.
Evolutionary and Observational Consequences of Dyson Sphere Feedback
Authors: Huston Macy , Wright Jason
Published: January 2022

The search for signs of extraterrestrial technology, or technosignatures, includes the search for objects which collect starlight for some technological use, such as those composing a Dyson sphere. These searches typically account for a star’s light and some blackbody temperature for the surrounding structure. However, such a structure inevitably returns some light back to the surface of its star, either from direct reflection or thermal reemission. In this work, we explore how this feedback may affect the structure and evolution of stars, and when such feedback may affect observations. We find that in general this returned light can cause stars to expand and cool. Our MESA models show that this energy is only transported toward a star’s core effectively by convection, so low-mass stars are strongly affected, while higher-mass stars with radiative exteriors are not. Ultimately, the effect only has significant observational consequences for spheres with very high temperatures (much higher than the often assumed ∼300 K) and/or high specular reflectivity. Lastly, we produce color–magnitude diagrams of combined star–Dyson sphere systems for a wide array of possible configurations.
COLDz: Probing Cosmic Star Formation With Radio Free–Free Emission
Authors: Algera Hiddo S. B. , Hodge Jacqueline A. , Riechers Dominik A. , Leslie Sarah K. , Smail Ian , Aravena Manuel , Cunha Elisabete da , Daddi Emanuele , Decarli Roberto , Dickinson Mark , Gim Hansung B. , Guaita Lucia , Magnelli Benjamin , Murphy Eric J. , Pavesi Riccardo , Sargent Mark T. , Sharon Chelsea E. , Wagg Jeff , Walter Fabian , Yun Min
Published: January 2022

Radio free–free emission is considered to be one of the most reliable tracers of star formation in galaxies. However, as it constitutes the faintest part of the radio spectrum—being roughly an order of magnitude less luminous than radio synchrotron emission at the GHz frequencies typically targeted in radio surveys—the usage of free–free emission as a star formation rate tracer has mostly remained limited to the local universe. Here, we perform a multifrequency radio stacking analysis using deep Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations at 1.4, 3, 5, 10, and 34 GHz in the COSMOS and GOODS-North fields to probe free–free emission in typical galaxies at the peak of cosmic star formation. We find that z ∼ 0.5–3 star-forming galaxies exhibit radio emission at rest-frame frequencies of ∼65–90 GHz that is ∼1.5–2 times fainter than would be expected from a simple combination of free–free and synchrotron emission, as in the prototypical starburst galaxy M82. We interpret this as a deficit in high-frequency synchrotron emission, while the level of free–free emission is as expected from M82. We additionally provide the first constraints on the cosmic star formation history using free–free emission at 0.5 ≲ z ≲ 3, which are in good agreement with more established tracers at high redshift. In the future, deep multifrequency radio surveys will be crucial in order to accurately determine the shape of the radio spectrum of faint star-forming galaxies, and to further establish radio free–free emission as a tracer of high-redshift star formation.
Evidence for the Preferential Disruption of Moderately Massive Stars by Supermassive Black Holes
Authors: Mockler Brenna , Twum Angela A. , Auchettl Katie , Dodd Sierra , French K. D. , Law-Smith Jamie A. P. , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico
Published: January 2022

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) provide a unique opportunity to probe the stellar populations around supermassive black holes (SMBHs). By combining light-curve modeling with spectral line information and knowledge about the stellar populations in the host galaxies, we are able to constrain the properties of the disrupted star for three TDEs. The TDEs in our sample have UV spectra, and measurements of the UV N iii to C iii line ratios enabled estimates of the nitrogen-to-carbon abundance ratios for these events. We show that the measured nitrogen line widths are consistent with originating from the disrupted stellar material dispersed by the central SMBH. We find that these nitrogen-to-carbon abundance ratios necessitate the disruption of moderately massive stars (≳1–2 M
⊙). We determine that these moderately massive disruptions are overrepresented by a factor of ≳102 when compared to the overall stellar population of the post-starburst galaxy hosts. This implies that SMBHs are preferentially disrupting higher mass stars, possibly due to ongoing top-heavy star formation in nuclear star clusters or to dynamical mechanisms that preferentially transport higher mass stars to their tidal radii.
Statistical Analyses of the Energies of X-Ray Plateaus and Flares in Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Yi Shuang-Xi , Du Mei , Liu Tong
Published: January 2022

Distinct X-ray plateau and flare phases have been observed in the afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and most of them should be related to central engine activities. In this paper, we collect 174 GRBs with X-ray plateau phases and 106 GRBs with X-ray flares. There are 51 GRBs that overlap in the two selected samples. We analyze the distributions of the proportions of the plateau energy E
plateau and the flare energy

E

flare

relative to the isotropic prompt emission energy E

γ,iso. The results indicate that they well meet the Gaussian distributions and the medians of the logarithmic ratios are ∼−0.96 and −1.39 in the two cases. Moreover, strong positive correlations between E
plateau (or

E

flare

) and E

γ,iso with slopes of ∼0.95 (or ∼0.80) are presented. For the overlapping sample, the slope is ∼0.80. We argue that most of X-ray plateaus and flares might have the same physical origin but appear with different features because of the different circumstances and radiation mechanisms. We also test the applicabilities of two models, i.e., black holes surrounded by fractured hyperaccretion disks and millisecond magnetars, on the origins of X-ray plateaus and flares.
L’Élysée, lieu cérémoniel
Authors: Stéfanini Laurent
Published: January 2022

Le palais de l’Élysée, devenu par les hasards de notre vie politique le siège de la présidence de la République, n’est pas le lieu idéal pour tenir des cérémonies publiques. Il a donc fallu faire preuve d’imagination et mettre à contribution des espaces, places, avenues, églises et monuments proches, formant une sorte d’« Élysée hors les murs ». Pour autant, de nombreuses cérémonies s’y tiennent, à commencer par la plus fondamentale d’entre elles, l’installation du président nouvellement élu. Par sa taille et sa situation dans la géographie de la ville-capitale, l’Élysée n’a qu’un équivalent dans le monde, la Maison-Blanche.
Les comptes de l’Élysée : autonomie financière et administrative
Authors: Darnay Éva
Published: January 2022

Alors que, des siècles durant, l’absence de contrôle sur l’organisation administrative et financière de la présidence de la République a permis de préserver son autonomie, la montée en puissance des exigences en matière de transparence de la vie publique depuis le début des années 2000, combinée à de nouvelles aspirations citoyennes, a changé la donne. Que reste-t-il alors du principe d’autonomie de gestion de la présidence, historiquement ancré et perçu comme le corollaire de la séparation des pouvoirs ? Technique en apparence, cette étude permet en réalité de s’attarder sur un phénomène peu connu qui pourtant modifie de manière lente mais affirmée la perception qu’ont les juristes, et plus largement les citoyens, de l’Élysée en tant qu’organisation administrative.
Persécution des juifs et espace urbain
Authors: Garnier Emmanuel
Published: January 2022

L’approche climatique appliquée aux mondes des villes est encore dans les limbes en matière de travaux d’histoire urbaine. Pourtant, la ville offre de multiples opportunités à même d’enrichir considérablement la réflexion des historiens. D’emblée, il convient de s’interroger sur les paradoxes de cette marginalisation perceptible à travers l’historiographie urbaine en rappelant les enjeux sociétaux liés à ce type de recherche et aux réalités sémantiques que recouvre le mot climat dans les mondes urbains des cinq derniers siècles. Contre toute attente, la ville recèle de véritables trésors documentaires qu’il est nécessaire d’aborder tant les filons disponibles sont nombreux et riches en termes de contenu. L’exploitation de cette exceptionnelle documentation ouvre des pistes neuves quand il s’agit de mieux comprendre les modes de gouvernances et les perceptions qui résultèrent des aléas et fluctuations climatiques du petit âge glaciaire.
Lévy-Bruhl, il caso è chiuso
Authors: Nisio Francesco Saverio
Published: January 2022

La récente édition de l’inédit de jeunesse de Lévy-Bruhl sur la psychologie de Spinoza permet de donner tout son poids à la déclaration livrée beaucoup plus tard par l’historien de la philosophie moderne, dans une lettre à Evans-Pritchard, sur l’inscription de sa recherche dans un dialogue avec Spinoza et Hume. On relit cet inédit en soulignant l’importance de la logique des sentiments dans l’ Éthique , en mettant en relation l’appartenance de Spinoza au champ cartésien avec l’associationnisme de la tradition empiriste, et on encadre ainsi l’œuvre de Lévy-Bruhl dans toutes ses phases. On esquisse également un parallèle avec Derrida, qui resterait à approfondir.
Médiateurs, éducateurs et police de rue : entre confrontation, coopération et méfiance réciproque
Authors: Boucher Manuel
Published: January 2022

Au début des années 2000, deux modèles principaux d’intervention sociale sont en concurrence pour assurer la régulation sociale des désordres dans les quartiers populaires : d’un côté, celui de la « prévention-intégration » incarné par les éducateurs de rue, de l’autre, celui de la « médiation-sécurité » représenté par les médiateurs sociaux. Aujourd’hui, dans un contexte de ghettoïsation socio-ethnique de nombreuses cités d’habitat social, les intervenants sociaux liés aux champs de la médiation-sécurité et de l’animation, bien que socialement moins bien reconnus que les travailleurs sociaux qualifiés, ont en grande partie supplanté les éducateurs pour assurer la paix sociale de ces territoires. Cependant, ces acteurs sociaux ethnicisés, assimilés aux « cités sensibles » dont ils sont issus, vivent des épreuves de stigmatisation et de discrimination de la part d’autres professionnels chargés du contrôle et de la répression des phénomènes de déviance et de délinquance. En effet, des forces de l’ordre ainsi que des travailleurs sociaux patentés se méfient des médiateurs au point de les percevoir comme des adversaires plutôt que des partenaires.
Validation of Physical Examination Perceived Self-Efficacy Instrument for Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Nasaif Husain , Alaradi Maryam , Alansari Ahmed , Jassim Ghufran
Published: January 2022

Background:

Numerous studies have revealed that nursing students perceive lack of confidence as one of the key barriers to performing physical examination; however, it is not empirically measured. This study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the Physical Examination Perceived Self-Efficacy Instrument.

Method:

The study included three phases: in Phase 1, 51 items were constructed; in Phase 2, 7 field experts rated items for relevancy; and in Phase 3, the instrument was piloted to a convenience sample of 238 students.

Results:

The analysis yielded six factors with a factor loading >0.40. The corrected item-total correlation ranged from 0.6 to 0.87. Cronbach's alpha ranged from .84 to .98. The interscale correlation of the instrument was statistically significant (
p
< .001).

Conclusion:

We found that the instrument is a psychometrically robust measure of self-efficacy of performing physical examination. The instrument could provide a better understanding of the association between perceived self-efficacy and students' academic performance.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2022;61(1):36–40.]
Fatty acid composition, phytochemicals and antioxidant potential of Capparis spinosa sedes
Authors: Bodaghzadeh A. , Alirezalu K. , Amini S. , Alirezalu A. , Domínguez R. , Lorenzo J.M.
Published: January 2022

The present study evaluates the contents in bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, oil content and fatty acid composition of Capparis spinosa seeds. Samples were collected from 5 different habitats (AH: Ahar; KU: Kurdistan; U1, U2 and U3: Urmia) in Iran. The oil content in the seeds ranged from 16 to 27%. The predominant fatty acid was linoleic acid (45-50%) followed by oleic acid (30-39%), palmitic acid (2-8%) and stearic acid (2-3%). Total phenolic content (TPC) varied from 16.3 to 24.2 mg GAE/ g DW; total flavonoid content (TFC) ranged from 1.48 to 3.05 mg QE/g DW; and the antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) of the seeds was between 35 and 63%. The compounds obtained from different genotypes of C. spinosa seeds had different compositions, great antioxidant capacity and unsaturated fatty acids, and therefore could be a prospective source of natural bioactive molecules for the food and health industry.
El efecto austeridad. El activismo de partido en Europa durante la Gran Recesión
Authors: Rodríguez-Teruel Juan , Correa Patricia , Barberà Oscar
Published: January 2022

El artículo analiza la evolución de la afiliación y el activismo partidista en Europa en los últimos veinte años. Tenemos dos objetivos principales. En primer lugar, proporcionamos una nueva tipología de los diferentes modos de vinculación a los partidos políticos. De acuerdo con el modelo de afiliación multi-speed de Susan Scarrow, abogamos por una re-conceptualización del activismo de partido que lo separe de la afiliación formal. Basándonos en datos de la ESS, observamos que la disminución formal de la vinculación a los partidos va acompañada de proporciones estables o incluso crecientes de activismo partidista, lo que sugiere diferentes tendencias de evolución para diferentes modos de afiliación partidista. En segundo lugar, analizamos el efecto movilizador de la Gran Recesión sobre el activismo de partido en las democracias europeas. Usando regresiones de error estándar corregidas por panel, nuestros resultados muestran que aquellos países que implementaron políticas de austeridad duras experimentaron un aumento significativo del activismo de partido durante los años de los rescates financieros.
Telepsychiatry
Authors: Washington Briana M. , Robinson Annie , Mike Tonnie Chanell , Ruley Morgan , Coustasse Alberto
Published: January 2022

Numerous challenges have limited access to mental health services in rural areas. Some of these barriers have included transportation, number of providers, poverty, and lack of insurance. The purpose of this review was to identify and coalesce the benefits of telepsychiatry for adults living in rural communities in the United States to determine if telepsychiatry has improved access and quality of care. The methodology for this study was a literature review that followed a systematic approach. It was found that several studies supported that telepsychiatry has improved access and quality of care available in rural environments. Simultaneously, telepsychiatry in mental healthcare has not been utilized as it should in rural adult populations due to lack of access, an overall shortage of providers, and poor distribution of psychiatrists. While there are still barriers that prevent widespread utilization, telepsychiatry can improve mental health outcomes by linking rural patients to high-quality mental healthcare services that follow evidence-based care and best practices.
End User Satisfaction With Cloud Computing
Authors: Al-Qahtani Fatima , Abu-Shanab Emad Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Cloud computing assures a faster, cheaper and more efficient rendering of resources, which leads to huge popularity among businesses and specifically the health sector. The major objective of this research is to identify the benefits of cloud computing (CC) and the factors influencing users satisfaction. Utilizing a survey collected from 219 employees, the research model was tested. Results indicated that employee compliance issues, security and privacy issues, economic benefits, operational benefits, functional benefits, and trust are all significant predictors of satisfaction. Management issues and private cloud risks were not significant predictors of satisfaction. The coefficient of determination R2 = 0.81. This study conducted comparisons between different categories of the sample based on their satisfaction level and concluded that age and education were significant discriminators, while gender, experience, and department were not. Conclusions and future research are stated in the last section.
Eye health promotion-oriented policy statements in various national and provincial health policy documents in South Africa
Authors: Sithole Hlupheka L.
Published: January 2022

Background: There are many fragmented public health policies that give directives towards various aspects of healthcare needs and implementation. However, none of these policies make specific reference to eye health promotion (EHP) as an enabler for individuals to take control of the determinants of their eye health (EH) needs.Aim: The current study sought to identify EHP messages in the various available policy documents at both national and provincial health department levels with a view to assessing awareness on the available gaps for the development of an integrated EHP policy in South Africa.Setting: The study used documents provided by the National Department of Health and those that were available online from various other provincial Departments of Health in the country.Methods: Content analysis of EH policies requested from the Directorate of Chronic Diseases, Disabilities and Geriatrics was conducted. Various other health policies that were enacted post-1994 and endorsed by the National and Provincial Departments of Health were also considered for analysis.Results: Twenty-four documents were considered for content analysis. The national guidelines on eye healthcare made reference to EH activities such as immunisation of children, vision screening of the elderly, vitamin A supplementation and maternal services to detect sexually transmitted diseases, amongst others. Of the 20 national and provincial health documents analysed, only four made reference to EH. None of these documents made any specific reference to EHP.Conclusion: Although four national guidelines contain content related to EHP, the fragmentation and lack of integration with other health policy documents may lead to eye healthcare messages not being prioritised for dissemination even where they are highly required. Also, public eye healthcare services in general will continue to lag behind as is the case in most provinces in South Africa.