bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical composition of Satureja spicigera essential oil and its insecticidal effectiveness on Halyomorpha halys nymphs and adults
Authors: Gokturk Temel
Published: April 2021

The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive and economically important agricultural and ornamental insect pest nowadays established in many countries. There are numerous methods used for its control. Due to the increased risk of chemical contamination upon the application of synthetic insecticides to control harmful insects, essential oils are gaining increasing attention. In this research, the insecticidal effectiveness of Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss (Laminaceae) essential oil at 10, 15 and 20 μL/mL doses, and 24, 48, 72 and 96 h against five nymph instars and adults of H. halys was investigated. In addition, the chemical analysis of S. spicigera essential oil was done by GC-MS. The major components of the S. spicigera oil were carvacrol (32.14%), thymol (20.01%), ɣ-terpinene (17.05%), p-cymene (9.08%) and carvacrol methyl ether (5.70%). At the 96th h of the study, the essential oil caused a mortality rate of between 20.1 and 87.5%. The positive control (Nimbecidine®) had the highest mortality rates for nymphs (100%) and adults (90.3%). According to the LD50 and LD90 values, while the most toxic LD50 values were recorded as 0.63 and 4.66 μL/mL for the N1 instar and adults, the lowest LD90 values were 19.12 and 26.32 μL/mL for the N5 instar and adults, respectively. In conclusion, results showed that S. spicigera oil had a highly toxic effect against five nymph instars and adults of H. halys.
Umfrage zum Änderungsmanagement in der Produktion Status quo, industrielle Anwendung der Änderungsauswirkungsanalyse und Stand der Digitalisierung
Authors: Sippl Fabian , Schellhaas Lukas , Bauer Harald
Published: April 2021

Das zunehmend turbulente Umfeld produzierender Unternehmen erfordert die permanente Anpassung der Produktion an neue interne und externe Anforderungen. Daher ist ein effizientes Änderungsmanagement in der Produktion (MCM) ein Schlüsselfaktor zur Sicherung der langfristigen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit. Im Rahmen der in diesem Beitrag vorgestellten Studie wurden Mitarbeitende produzierender Unternehmen zum Status quo des MCM und zur Anwendung der Änderungsauswirkungsanalyse (ÄAA) befragt. Die Studie liefert Informationen bezüglich der aktuellen Bedeutung und der Digitalisierung des MCM sowie bestehender Hindernisse bei der Durchführung der ÄAA. Um die aktuellen Entwicklungen einordnen zu können, werden die Kernaussagen in Relation zu einer in der Vergangenheit durchgeführten Studie gesetzt.**
Multiplicity of Balinese Characters
Authors: De Laat Sonya
Published: April 2021

Photography as main research data has not been used in anthropology to the extent that it was by Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson in the late 1930s. This paper takes a critical examination of their use and analysis of photographs in their research in Highland Bali, to demonstrate that their subsequent conclusions may be misrepresentative of the people they were studying. By reviewing analyses by Ira Jacknis and Gerald Sullivan, along with more historical and theoretical considerations, it will become apparent that although the couple exhaustively used the photographic medium, their analysis and conclusions seem to have been manipulated to suit their original hypothesis. Their conclusions being drawn from a small portion of the unprecedented corpus of material, the bias from one of their funding bodies and their lack of collaborative analysis with the research subjects may have been the causes of this possible misrepresentation, although further research would be needed in order to support this claim. The paper concludes with a brief analysis of how the Mead and Bateson project should be viewed by contemporary students of visual anthropology, specifically with respect to reflexivity, collaboration. and contemporary ethical considerations. Finally, the paper calls for further research to be done with this material.
The Parallel Lives of Biocultural Synthesis and Clinically Applied Medical Anthropology
Authors: Hayden Leigh
Published: April 2021

In this paper, I give a brief history of the development of the school of critical medical anthropology (CMA) and trace its influences on both biocultural synthesis and clinically applied medical anthropology. I show how CMA has had a profound influence on biological and medical anthropology and how it has shaped our understandings of the relationships between biology and economics. I argue that although a critical perspective of health and well-being has been an important and necessary addition to both biological anthropology and clinically applied medical anthropology. we ought to be careful to trace how rather than simply assert that economics influence biology and health. I also argue that CMA's political economic perspective utilizes a narrow understanding of culture, and that biocultural synthesis could do well to look beyond a materialist view of culture and engage other theoretical schools in cultural anthropology. Finally. I show one such potential line of engagement between the disciplines by paralleling the concept of adaptation in biological anthropology to the concept of complicity in medical anthropology.
Gendering the Nation and Empire: Anthropological Investigations in Retrospect
Authors: Jackson Sebastian
Published: April 2021

Revealing the gendered dimensions of national experience is indispensible to any scholarly undertaking of nations and nationalism. Grand theories of nationalism often fail to speak to the specific and multiple discourses of nationhood, the intimacies of experience, and the symbolic imageries that undergird national endeavors. An anthropological cognizance of the gendered aspects of nationhood allows for analytic acuity and insight into the complexities of nationhood as it is imagined and experienced from below. A gendered analysis of nations alone, however, does not suffice. I contend that—in addition to gender—anthropologists must also acknowledge the intersection of ‘race’ and ethnicity, class, religion, and other categories of difference, for they are holistic to national experiences. Refracting the nation through prisms of gender, ‘race’, class, and religion better reflects the depth and intricacies of the interdependence of the nation and the subject. Secondly, I also argue that the politics of women have certainly challenged masculinist national dominance, but they have not substantially transfigured the patriarchal understructure of national projects.
Presence of the Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis in Avinganya rural population (Lleida, Iberian Peninsula).
Authors: Fuentes-Sánchez Daniel , López-Onaindia Diego , Dinarès Rosa , Subirà M. Eulàlia
Published: April 2021

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) has largely been associated with high socioeconomic status rather than lower social status in paleopathological studies.  This difference has been explained as a consequence of a high intake of fats and sedentary lifestyle that could be related to metabolic syndrome and obesity, associated risk factors in DISH by some clinical authors. This association is also known as the ‘monastic way of life’. In this work, we present a DISH case corresponding to a male individual exhumed from a civil burial site  of the necropolis of the Trinitarian Monastery of Avinganya, in the North-East of Iberian Peninsula. In this case, DISH coexists with some evidences of occupational stress markers (back lesions and traumas) that indicate a non-sedentary lifestyle, despite the individuals overweight. Therefore, the present case of DISH seems to contradict the ‘monastic way of life’ association. The previous relationship can be explained as a bias in the sample analysed, where high status individuals have longer survival ratios, so more probabilities to develop DISH, because age is a proved risk factor. In this way, mechanical stress is proposed as another risk factor of DISH, which is more accurate to explain this case.
Gender and the Life Cycle as Intra-related Processes in Melanesia with Special Reference to the Bariai of Northwest New Britain, Papua and New Guinea
Authors: Scaletta Naomi
Published: April 2021

The focus of this rarer is an exploration of the relationship between concepts of gender, aging and dying in Melanesia. It is argued that age and gender are fundamental principles underlying the Melanesian world view; that the aging process is, at the individual level, an experiential living through of this world view; and, that age both delimits and articulates gender in terms of social and personal identity. The paper begins with a theoretical discussion of the Melanesian world view. Examples drawn from Melanesian ethnography generally and the Bariai in particular, are used to illustrate that world view and its usefulness as a theoretical framework for understanding gender and the totality of the life cycle as interrelated processes.
Acquiring Gender in Melanesia: Homosexuality and its Relationship to Maleness
Authors: Goulden Richard
Published: April 2021

It is readily apparent that many Melanesian societies maintain a distance between men and women. Some ethnographers working in Melanesia have posited reasons for this dichotomy, for example, fear of contamination from menstrual blood, or the importance of male solidarity in social organization. These theories do not adequately explain gender concepts and the range of social interaction between the sexes. By focussing on the belief surrounding male homosexual behaviour in initiation ritual, this paper attempts to demonstrate that gender concepts in Melanesia, like attitudes towards homosexuality, cannot be explained in terms of Western categorizations of male and female, or in terms of Western concepts of sexuality. A comparison of the correlation between homosexuality and gender beliefs among North Americans and among Melanesians indicates that the apparent separation of the sexes in Melanesia is not due to the inherent distinctness of male versus female, as reflected in the Western dichotomies that colour such ethnographic descriptions of gender. It is suggested that in Melanesian societies men must be differentiated from women, and that mutable gender categories must be maintained by social sanctions that delineate the sexes during the reproductive years.
Entering the Native's Social World: Some Practical Methods Used in the Achievement of Adequate Ethnography
Authors: Mainprise Steve
Published: April 2021

A central goal of ethnography is to enter into or understand the meaning native members themselves attach to their interactional behavior. Ethnographers, however, are silent in respect to describing how in practice they appropriate features of the members' perspective. This paper uses an ethnomethodologically informed approach to speculate about the process in ethnography whereby the analyst manages the retrieval of the members' perspective without influencing its makeup by his own analytic frame. The paper concludes with the suggestion that various practical methods are employed that allow the ethnographer to warrantably attach his claim of understanding directly to members' social structures and experiences. These loosely articulated practical methods are viewed as sensitizing frames and glosses for the actual practices ethnographers might demonstrate upon empirical examination of their work.
Scientific Creationism in America: 1963-1982
Authors: Turner Monika
Published: April 2021

Scientific creationism has been brought forcefully to the attention of the American public in recent years. From a small beginning in 1963, the creationist societies have grown until they now number their membership in the thousands. Not only their growth, but also their tactics and strategies at the local level, the state legislative houses and the courtrooms, are noteworthy. Most publications dealing with the phenomenon of scientific creationists have dealt with their beliefs; this paper summarises their attempts to have their own beliefs given equal time in the American educational system. Using an historical approach, it is possible to document how the scientific creationists operate, and where their strengths and weaknesses are as a fundamentalist organization. In conclusion, some of the effects of the current resurgence of the creation - evolution controversy are discussed.
Book Reviews
Authors: Garfit Juliet
Published: April 2021

In this issue of Nexus we have published, for the first time, a book review. We hope to include reviews in future editions, but we need your contributions. If you are interested in submitting a review dealing with any aspect of anthropology - linguistic, social/cultural, physical or archaeological please do so in the format followed by American Anthropologist. Books dating from 1982 to the present are acceptable for admission. With your help we feel reviews will be interesting and informative additions to Nexus.
Conference Report
Authors: Titus Larry
Published: April 2021

Report on the Symposium on Early Investigations of the Western Arctic, Canadian Archaeological Assoc., Calgary, Alberta. April 1987.
INDIVIDUALS WITH SEX CHROMOSOMAL ANEUPLOIDIES: Does the Phenotype Reflect the Genotype?
Authors: Jimenez Susan B.
Published: April 2021

Abnormalities in sex chromosomes result in individuals with karyotypes that differ from the normal 46,XX human female or the 46,XY human male. While these unusual karyotypes have been described in terms of physical manifestations, most studies have attempted to discern whether or not there are any behavioural or psychological traits associated with individuals exhibiting sex chromosomal aneuploidies. In this paper I will discuss whether these aneuploidic individuals are atypical behaviourally compared with males and females with a normal chromosomal karyotype. Many studies of aneuploidic individuals have concentrated primarily on behavioural aspects. Frequently, inferences have been made concerning personality and behaviour, based on extremely small sample sizes. Some possible reasons for the research emphasis on psychosocial characteristics will be suggested.
effect of applying starch onto Arabidopsis thaliana on the feeding behaviour of Myzus persicae
Authors: Paliwal Ishita , Reintjes Caitlin , Schimmer Pamela , Schoenhardt Mary Anne , Yang Jasmine
Published: April 2021

It is well known that plant-animal systems interact in many complex ways, and each organism must adapt and develop mechanisms to best survive in their given conditions. While much is understood about the plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the aphid Myzus persicae, additional research must be conducted to gain more knowledge about the interactions between the two species. As a defence mechanism, in response to aphid feeding, A. thaliana converts sucrose into starch. Due to a lack of sucrose, there is less feeding by M. persicae. However, it has not yet been shown if these aphids are able to detect an increase in starch and recognize this as a deterrent to feeding. To test this, varying concentrations of potato starch were applied mechanically to A. thaliana (n=36) and the effect on aphid population size and plant health was analyzed. The research team found that M. persicae do not detect higher starch levels on A. thaliana as an indicator that nutrient availability on the plant is limited. Instead, it was found that on all but one plant, high starch concentration was a factor in plant deterioration. Thus, the research team advises against using starch as an organic pesticide. The findings of this study are significant as they will contribute to a better understanding of the organisms that threaten plant health, which will prove to be useful in the maintenance of various food crops.
Could a Methyl Group Predict Your Risk of Depression?
Authors: Nykolay Alice , Shahid Aiman
Published: April 2021

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a systemic condition that diminishes the daily quality of life of those affected. There are no current methods that can reliably diagnose depression on a biochemical level. The premise of this work is to report on a potential biochemical marker, DNA methylation of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT). This biochemical marker can serve as an indicator of gene expression patterns, ultimately leading to a neurochemical imbalance in affected individuals. Studying this biomarker has the potential to improve diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in the future, and improve the prognosis of those with MDD.
Role of Electrical Source Imaging in Pediatric Epilepsy and Pre-Surgical Evaluation
Authors: Thurairajah Arun
Published: April 2021

Children with drug-resistant epilepsy undergo an extensive pre-surgical evaluation to determine the part of the brain thought to be the cause of seizures. The employment of non-invasive diagnostic imaging tools plays an important role in establishing surgical candidacy, preventing the need for invasive procedures. Electrical source imaging (ESI) has been explored as a modern alternative to traditional diagnostic techniques in pre-surgical workup. Through computational analysis of recorded electric potentials and individualized head scans, ESI provides a non-invasive method of obtaining more accurate localizations. However, its use within the clinical setting is limited. The following review looks to examine the literature surrounding ESI and advocates for its inclusion within the pre-surgical workup of children.
Object and Spatial Context Representations in Visual Short-Term Memory
Authors: Li Aedan Y.
Published: April 2021

Highlighted Research Paper:The Role of Location-Context Binding in Nonspatial Visual Working Memory, by Ying Cai, Jacqueline M. Fulvio, Qing Yu, Andrew D. Sheldon, and Bradley R. Postle (2020).
Investigating Ecological Disturbance in Streams
Authors: Edwards Patrick M. , Colley Megan , Shroufe Angie
Published: April 2021

Teaching students about ecological disturbance provides them with an understanding of a critical factor that shapes the structure and function of biological communities in environmental systems. This article describes four simple experiments and related curriculum that students can use to conduct inquiry around the theme of disturbance in stream ecosystems: insect drift, colonization, life history, and the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Over five years, our students conducted these experiments 57 times; 79% of the experiments resulted in data that supported students’ hypotheses. Our findings show that the experiments can be used as a framework for inquiry-based learning about important ecological processes such as disturbance, dispersal, colonization, and succession. These experiments meet several of the Next Generation Science Standards, are easily and ethically conducted, and require very little equipment.
Orphaned oil and gas well stimulus—Maximizing economic and environmental benefits
Authors: Kang Mary , Brandt Adam R. , Zheng Zhong , Boutot Jade , Yung Chantel , Peltz Adam S. , Jackson Robert B.
Published: April 2021

Orphaned oil and gas wells are abandoned wells for which the cost of environmental impacts usually falls on governments and the general public. Government agencies responsible for well plugging often face funding shortfalls and many orphaned wells remain unplugged. To address this and support the oil and natural gas industry, federal governments are already spending, or considering spending, billions of dollars to plug orphaned oil and gas wells. Here, we analyze oil and gas data for the United States and Canada and identify policy recommendations that can best address environmental impacts of abandoned and orphaned wells. At least 116,245 wells across 32 states and four Canadian provinces/territories are operated by companies filing for bankruptcy in the first half of 2020, which may be an indication that many wells will be orphaned in the near future. Moreover, there are 4,700,000 historic and active oil and gas wells in the United States and another 790,000 in Canada. Of these, 2,000,000 and 310,000 wells are active in the United States and Canada, respectively. Thus, three of five wells ever drilled in the United States are currently inactive (2,700,000 wells), but only one in three are plugged (1,500,000 wells). Plugging involves isolating zones containing oil, gas, and water and is the main strategy for well abandonment. If the orphaned well stimulus funding comes through, tens of thousands of wells will be plugged within a few years. Well plugging at this scale far exceeds current rates of plugging, and it is important that we work to ensure long-term environmental benefits of well abandonment to water, air, climate, ecosystems, and human health. Minimizing environmental impacts of the millions of abandoned and orphaned wells in the United States, Canada, and abroad will allow for an economically beneficial and environmentally safe transition to a carbon-neutral economy.
Science in the Age of Invincible Surmise
Authors: Martin Joseph D.
Published: April 2021

The Michigan Memorial–Phoenix Project at the University of Michigan was an unusual specimen of the post–World War II nuclear research initiative. Its origins were modest; it sprang from a student-led effort to construct a living war memorial—a mission it maintained even as it grew into a peaceful-atom program. Rather than taking advantage of the copious government support for scientific research available after World War II, it drew funds from Michigan alumni and from industry, based on the conviction that these routes offered greater possibility of academic freedom. And its architects conceived of nuclear research unusually broadly, including not just the physical sciences and engineering, but also the biological, social, and human sciences, law, education, medicine, and other areas. These ways in which the Phoenix Project was exceptional nevertheless tell us much about how it was exemplary. The optimism that animated the project contrasts with widespread and well-documented currents of nuclear fear, but indicates a stable vein of nuclear optimism in the early post–World War II era. The suspicion of government secrecy regimes harbored by its founders led them to pursue unorthodox patronage relationships for a nuclear research initiative, which nevertheless reveals the flexibility of the contemporary funding context. And the project’s unusually broad notion of nuclear research indicates the local flexibility of nuclearity in the late 1940s and early 1950s. This paper is part of a special issue entitled “Revealing the Michigan Memorial–Phoenix Project.”
A year in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Tsoutsouki Jovanna , Chowdhury Tahseen Ahmad
Published: April 2021

Whilst 2020 was a year of unique healthcare challenges, in people with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease (DKD), it was a year of seminal progress. Randomised clinical trials have shown a significant benefit of sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors in patients with DKD, and guidelines now suggest these drugs should be considered in all patients with type 2 diabetes and DKD irrespective of glucose control. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have shown some benefit in reducing progression of albuminuria in DKD, and should also be considered early in the therapeutic pathway. There are new guidelines on the management of post-transplant diabetes, and some new ideas in the management of diabetes in patients on haemodialysis. This article aims to review the year in diabetic nephropathy.
Delivering joined-up care for people with type 2 diabetes: rationale, challenges and examples
Authors: Bain Steve , Rickford Alice , Black Neil , Hamilton Lesley , Camfield Elizabeth , Chamley Mark , Hodgkinson Anna , Karalliedde Janaka
Published: April 2021

Approximately 3.8 million people in the UK have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and are, as a consequence, at risk of developing micro- and macrovascular disease. The rapid increase in T2DM prevalence places a considerable burden on secondary healthcare. New classes of glucose-lowering medications (sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists) can improve macrovascular outcomes for people with T2DM; however, these options have brought another layer of complexity to managing this disease. In combination, these factors are calling into question the suitability of the primary–secondary care healthcare model and prompting healthcare professionals to investigate alternative solutions. Bringing high-quality care to people with diabetes and meeting their complex needs requires integrated multidisciplinary expertise in the community. However, setting up such systems within the National Health Service (NHS) can be challenging. The complexities of the internal market (in NHS England), lack of training and expertise, inadequate information technology systems and resistance to change on a systemic and individual level all constitute significant barriers to establishing easy-to-access integrated care. When barriers are removed, successful integrated care systems can be established, which improve care for people with diabetes and alleviate pressure on secondary care centres.
Co-inhibition of SMAD and MAPK signaling enhances 124I uptake in BRAF-mutant thyroid cancers
Authors: Luckett Kathleen A , Cracchiolo Jennifer R , Krishnamoorthy Gnana P , Leandro-Garcia Luis Javier , Nagarajah James , Saqcena Mahesh , Lester Rona , Im Soo Y , Zhao Zhen , Lowe Scott W , de Stanchina Elisa , Sherman Eric J , Ho Alan L , Leach Steven D , Knauf Jeffrey A , Fagin James A
Published: April 2021

Constitutive MAPK activation silences genes required for iodide uptake and thyroid hormone biosynthesis in thyroid follicular cells. Accordingly, most BRAFV600E papillary thyroid cancers (PTC) are refractory to radioiodide (RAI) therapy. MAPK pathway inhibitors rescue thyroid-differentiated properties and RAI responsiveness in mice and patient subsets with BRAFV600E-mutant PTC. TGFB1 also impairs thyroid differentiation and has been proposed to mediate the effects of mutant BRAF. We generated a mouse model of BRAFV600E-PTC with thyroid-specific knockout of the Tgfbr1 gene to investigate the role of TGFB1 on thyroid-differentiated gene expression and RAI uptake in vivo. Despite appropriate loss of Tgfbr1, pSMAD levels remained high, indicating that ligands other than TGFB1 were engaging in this pathway. The activin ligand subunits Inhba and Inhbb were found to be overexpressed in BRAFV600E-mutant thyroid cancers. Treatment with follistatin, a potent inhibitor of activin, or vactosertib, which inhibits both TGFBR1 and the activin type I receptor ALK4, induced a profound inhibition of pSMAD in BRAFV600E-PTCs. Blocking SMAD signaling alone was insufficient to enhance iodide uptake in the setting of constitutive MAPK activation. However, combination treatment with either follistatin or vactosertib and the MEK inhibitor CKI increased 124I uptake compared to CKI alone. In summary, activin family ligands converge to induce pSMAD in Braf-mutant PTCs. Dedifferentiation of BRAFV600E-PTCs cannot be ascribed primarily to activation of SMAD. However, targeting TGFβ/activin-induced pSMAD augmented MAPK inhibitor effects on iodine incorporation into BRAF tumor cells, indicating that these two pathways exert interdependent effects on the differentiation state of thyroid cancer cells.
Sentidos otorgados a personas trans: una experiencia en San Luis, Argentina
Authors: Guadalupe Calvo Yael , Torres Caiazzo Pia , Vuanello Roxana
Published: April 2021

La promulgación de leyes en Argentina sobre garantías jurídicas a personas con identidad de género disidente, instalaron en el espacio de la academia el interés por la temática. El trabajo se enmarca en el Proyecto de Investigación Derechos Humanos, Control Social y Sectores Vulnerables de la Facultad de Psicología, UNSL y promueve la difusión de resultados sobre las representaciones sociales de la comunidad de San Luis, Argentina acerca de las personas trans. Se utilizó el paradigma hermenéutico para alcanzar una interpretación a partir del análisis del contenido de la información. Los resultados expresan representaciones referidas a que las personas trans se adecúen a las normas desde un enfoque binario, que adapten su identidad al modelo heterosexual evitando su presencia en el espacio social por la incomodidad que despiertan y algunas personas manifiestan su aceptación y reconocen a las personas sin marcar diferencias por su sexualidad, valorizando su condición humana.
On the Paradigmatic Conception of the Physical
Authors: Kıymaz Tufan
Published: April 2021

What “physical” means is sometimes clarified by appealing to paradigmatically physical objects, properties, or phenomena. This move is not entirely unmotivated. The most basic intuition behind physicalism can be identified as that we, as conscious beings, are not ontologically special: we are, ultimately, like all these inanimate and unconscious things; we do not exemplify any mysterious properties that are categorically over and above all the properties that are exemplified by ordinary things like chairs or rocks or their constituents. And, according to the dualists, we are, in terms of substance or property, metaphysically different from chairs, rocks, and the like. The kind of conception of the physical that refers to paradigm cases of the physical is in line with this disagreement in intuition between the physicalist and the dualist. Trying to conceptualize the physical based on some paradigmatically physical objects or phenomena, I argue, however, is a dead-end.
Critical consideration of problematic questions of stratigraphy and tectonics of the Folded Carpathians and adjacent territories on the pattern of State geological map – 200
Authors: SHLAPINSKY Volodymyr , PAVLYUK Myroslav , TERNAVSKY Myroslav
Published: April 2021

The paper gives a critical appreciation of a number of principles containing in materials of the State geological map at a scale of 1 : 200 000 (Carpathian series of sheets) published in 2003–2009. Its scientific and practical value is recognized as a source of knowledge of the structure and natural resources of the Carpathians. At the same time, numerous inaccuracies are noted in the sphere of stratigraphy and tectonics, but revealed in the reviewed work. This was negatively depicted on the quality of geological and tectonical maps of the Folded Carpathians, presented in it, that in its turn may have an influence on the appreciation of the prospects of oil and gas presence in the region, may be not for the best. On the basis of the analysis of considerable amount of factual material, including that one received after the publication of State geological map – 200, the authors have corrected revealed defects. The attention was paid to the possibility to create the latest, more perfect map of the Outer Carpathians at a scale of 1 : 100 000. Its base version is already existent.
Geochemistry and thermobaromometry of mineral-forming fluids and thermobarogeochemistry of evaporites – world-famous scientific schools
Authors: NAUMKO Yurii , PAVLYUK Myroslav , POBEREZHSKYY Andriy
Published: April 2021

Fundamental and applied achievements in the fields of geochemistry and thermobarometry of mineral-forming fluids and thermobarogeochemistry of evaporites are summarized as the basis of the corresponding world-famous scientific thermobarogeochemical schools established by professors V. A. Kalyuzhny and O. Yo. Petrychenko at the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine on the basis of creative development of ideas of predecessors with the support of academicians Ye. K. Lazarenko, V. S. Sobolyev, H. N. Dolenko. Emphasis is placed on the contribution of schools to geological science, which is determined by the formed knowledge base on geochemical and thermobaric parameters of fluid environments of mineral-ore- naphthidogenesis in the Earth’s lithosphere (according to data of fluid inclusions research). In this context, in view of the enormous array of available data, the composition, physicochemical properties, genesis of fluids of the upper mantle and crust are briefly discussed and it is shown that the course of processes of petro-, mineral-, ore-, naphthidogenesis and formation fields of hydrocarbon, ore and non-ore minerals is determined by the peculiarities of degassing (defluidization) of the Earth and its influence on the conversion of carbon compounds during terrigenous, organogenic, hemogenic sedimentation and on the processes of diagenesis of sediments of various origins. The obtained data on the reproduction of the evolution of the fluid regime of rock complexes contribute to solving the fundamental problem of geochemistry of carbon and hydrogen (hydrocarbon-hydrogen matter) and deep (endogenous) fluid flows in the Earth’s lithosphere as an important basis for mineralofluidological model of the planet. They played a decisive role in substantiating at the Institute on the basis of abiogenic-biogenic dualism universal approaches to the processes of synthesis and genesis of natural hydrocarbons in the form of a new fundamental paradigm of oil and gas geology and geochemistry, the polygenesis of natural hydrocarbons in the Earth’s bowels, which increases the potential of oil and gas resources of promising regions, including Ukraine. This creates the preconditions for the identification of promising rock complexes for hydrocarbon, ore and non-ore minerals by applying the obtained fundamental thermobarogeochemical data in forecasting, exploration and operational practice on the basis of developing of new non-traditional geotechnologies for assessment and exploration of hydrocarbons and minerals.
Geochemical characteristic of river and ground waters (Outer zone of the Precarpathian deep)
Authors: KOST’ Maria , MEDVID Halyna , HARASYMCHUK Vasyl , TELEGUZ Olga , SAKHNYUK Iryna , MAYKUT Orysia
Published: April 2021

Geochemical peculiarities of river and groundwaters of the Outer zone of the Precarpathian deep have been established. It is revealed that the main feature of the distribution of salt composition indicators in the Dniester River and its influxes is hydrochemical zonality, which does not depend on the flow direction of the rivers, but is consistent with the physics-geographical and geological features of the area to which the man-made factor is imposed. There is an increase in concentrations of sulfate, calcium in the left bank confluent of the river Shchyrka. The waters from the Tysmenytsya, Kolodnitsa and Dniester rivers in the village Kolodrubi are characterized by the highest amounts of sodium and chlorides and are sodium chloride-hydrocarbonate composition. The water composition of the Dniester River (Rozvadiv village), its confluents Bystrytsia and Letnyanka are hydrocarbonate calcium (sodium-magnesium-calcium), Shchyrka, Vereshchitsa – sulfate-hydrocarbonate calcium (magnesium-calcium). The index of biochemical oxygen consumption for 5 days in the waters of Tysmenytsya River reached 4.5 mg O2/dm3, while in other rivers it was 0.70‒3.20 mg O2/dm3. The content of O2 soluble in the waters of the river Vereshchytsya was 0.29 mg/dm3, the value of biochemical oxygen consumption was 11.4 mg O2/dm3. In the chemical composition of river waters, there is an increase in the concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride ions from the left bank to the right bank confluents of the Dniester. In the left-bank confluents, in the chemical composition of water dominate the contents of calcium and hydrocarbons ions. The heterogeneity of the lithological composition, the instability of the thickness of the aquifer both in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the different technogenic influence form the irregularity of pollution and its local distribution in groundwater.
NONCORRALATED DATA ORDERED SAMPLES AS A SINGLE-ELEMENT MULTICHANNEL CONVERTER
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Mazmanian R.O.
Published: April 2021

The sufficient closeness of the medians of the ordered samples of random data to the normal distribution is used in computer systems for control, monitoring and diagnosing electric power equipment. However, it remains what other probability density function (pdf) of elements (sample statistics) have such similarities. This paper presents various methods for statistical testing hypotheses for pdf-converter channels as statistics of given sizes odd numbered and ordered samples of bounded and uniformly distributed random numbers. The use of various different criteria and the results of estimates studied under the same conditions showed a sufficient conformity of the results of tests for three statistical criteria. It made possible to draw a reasonable conclusion about the preferable use of the adapted chi-square test for assessing the congruence of analytical pdf channels of the converter with normal distribution. We also suggested using the "statistical closeness window" to define those channels of the converter that do not significantly differ from the normal distribution. In addition, we presented an empirical formula determining the dependence of the size of the window of the statistical closeness window on the sample size. The results of the research are summarized in a statistical model of a multichannel uncorrelated data converter. References 27, figures 7.
Breastfeeding, Physical Growth, and Cognitive Development
Authors: Wallenborn Jordyn T. , Levine Gillian A. , Carreira dos Santos Angélica , Grisi Sandra , Brentani Alexandra , Fink Günther
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Breastfeeding is an evidence-based recommendation for all countries, but breastfeeding rates have been declining in many middle-income settings. One reason behind this decline is the perception that breastfeeding may not be necessary in modern urban settings, where clean water is available and alternative foods are abundant. We investigate the importance of breastfeeding for early childhood development in the modern urban context of São Paulo, Brazil.

METHODS:

In our study, we used data from the ongoing prospective Western Region Birth cohort in São Paulo, Brazil. Children were recruited at birth and managed for 3 years. Durations of exclusive and mixed breastfeeding were our primary independent variables. Our secondary independent variable was an indicator for compliance with World Health Organization (WHO) breastfeeding recommendations. Our primary outcomes of interest were indicators of children’s physical, cognitive, language, and social-emotional development at 3 years of age. Adjusted estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using linear and logistic regression.

RESULTS:

Complying with WHO recommendations to exclusively breastfeed for 6 months followed by complementary feeding until 2 years of age was associated with a 0.4-SD increase in overall child development (β: .38; confidence limit = 0.23 to 0.53), a 0.6-SD increase in height-for-age z score (β: .55; confidence limit = 0.31 to 0.79), and a 67% decrease in the odds of stunting (odds ratio = 0.33; 95% confidence interval = 0.20 to 0.54).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results suggest that even in settings with easy access to complementary foods, complying with WHO breastfeeding recommendations is important for healthy physical growth and cognitive development.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Xinyuan , Zhao Jinzhu , Huang Shan , Chen Shuling , Zhou Tuo , Li Qing , Luo Xiaoping , Hao Yan
Published: April 2021

CONTEXT:

In several studies, authors have reported on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but inconsistent treatment effectiveness was revealed from these studies.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the effectiveness of CBT on the symptoms of ASD and social-emotional problems in children or adolescents with ASD by using a meta-analytic approach.

DATA SOURCES:

Data sources included PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library.

STUDY SELECTION:

We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which authors reported effectiveness of CBT on the symptoms of ASD and social-emotional problems in children or adolescents with ASD from database inception to May 2019.

DATA EXTRACTION:

For each study, 2 authors extracted data on the first author’s surname, publication year, country, sample size, mean age, CBT target, intervention, outcome measurement, follow-up duration, and investigated outcomes.

RESULTS:

Forty-five RCTs and 6 quasi RCTs of 2485 children and adolescents with ASDs were selected for the final meta-analysis. There was no significant difference between CBT and control for symptoms related to ASD based on self-reported outcomes (standard mean difference: −0.09; 95% confidence interval: −0.42 to 0.24; P = .593), whereas CBT significantly improved the symptoms related to ASD based on informant-reported outcomes, clinician-rated outcomes, and task-based outcomes. Moreover, the pooled standard mean differences indicated that CBT has no significant effect on symptoms of social-emotional problems based on self-reported outcomes.

LIMITATIONS:

The quality of included studies was low to modest, significant heterogeneity among the included studies for all investigated outcomes was detected, and publication bias was inevitable.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings indicate that CBT may significantly improve the symptoms of ASD and social-emotional problems in children or adolescents with ASD.
Image of a snake in Karelian folk medicine
Authors: Pashkova Tatyana V.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The article considers the use of animal products in Karelian folk medicine in the XIX – early XX centuries. Special attention is paid to the functions of a snake in the medical practice of Karelians in comparison with Veps, Finns and Russians. The author refers to a comprehensive analysis of the functioning of snakes in the ethnomedicine of the Karelians, which includes conservation magic, and the methods of treating diseases. The relevance of the study is defined by the need to study the functioning of representatives of the fauna world in various rites of life cycle, folk medicine of one of the indigenous small peoples of the Republic of Karelia – Karelians. Previously such studies have not been carried out on Karelian material, which determines its novelty. Materials and Methods. The material for the study was animal products (on the example of snakes) used in Karelian folk medicine, examined using comparative historical and comparative methods. Results and Discussion. The author focuses on the use of means of animal origin in folk medicine of the Karelians, the functioning of the snake in medical rites, mythological ideas about snakes. For comparative analysis, information is attracted on the use of snakes as a means of animal origin in the ethnomedicine of Veps, Finns and Russians, the peoples that the Karelians have a close connection with and mutual influence both in cultural and linguistic aspects. Conclusion. Animal products took a significant place in Karelian folk medicine. In the study, this was first traced on the example of a snake, which functions are contradictory. On the one hand, parts of the snake were used by healers as amulets, and “assistants” in magical rituals, on the other hand, it was seen as the embodiment of evil and the cause of disease. A comparative study showed that snakes took an important part as a means of animal origin not only in folk medicine of Karelians, but also of Veps, Finns, as well as Russians.
¿Cómo y con quien nos comunicamos por medio de las TIC? Uso de internet en estudiantes y docentes universitarios del área de humanidades
Authors: Espinosa Pastora Moreno , González-Quiñones Fidel , Tarango Javier
Published: April 2021

En esta investigación se analiza el uso de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC), en los docentes y estudiantes de seis carreras del área de humanidades en la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. El objetivo principal fue establecer un perfil de los usuarios tomando en cuenta el tiempo que pasan conectados al internet, la temática abordada durante estas sesiones, los navegadores, buscadores y bases de datos utilizados y por último la forma y el tipo de personas con quien el usuario se comunica.  La muestra analizada constituye un nicho en el cual todos los encuestados tienen contacto constante con las TIC y aun cuando existe una brecha importante en las variables sociodemográficas de estudiantes y docentes, se detectó que estas diferencias digitales entre ambos grupos son muy pequeñas.Con la información recabada se podrá reflexionar sobre cuáles son los retos para dar a las TIC un uso que permita sacar su máximo provecho en aras de incrementar la productividad de estudiantes y maestros.   Fidel González-QuiñonesORCID: 0002-8404-0098Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua Pastora Moreno EspinosaORCID: 0001-6494-130XUniversidad de Sevilla
Symbole mariologiczne zaczerpnięte ze świata przyrody cz. 2 – Maryja Matka, Bolesna Maryja Pokorna Służebnica
Authors: Rotter Lucyna
Published: April 2021

Artykuł prezentuje zagadnienia związane z symboliką florystyczną występującą w przedstawieniach Matki Boskiej. Symbolika florystyczna to jedna z bardziej rozbudowanych form przekazu pozawerbalnego w każdej cywilizacji i kulturze. Rośliny bowiem towarzyszą człowiekowi przez całe życie, zapewniając pokarm, medykamenty, schronienie, okrycie, a także doznania estetyczne. Kultura chrześcijańska nie jest w tej mierze odosobniona. Poprzez znaki i symbole zaczerpnięte ze świata flory ukazywane są treści pasyjne, eucharystyczne, hagiograficzne, eklezjologiczne itd.
XXIV Congreso Nacional de inmunología
Authors: SMI Sociedad Mexicana de Inmunología
Published: April 2021

El presente suplemento de la Revista Bio Ciencias contiene los resumenes de los trabajos libres presentados durante el XXIV Congreso Nacional de Inmunología, el cual se realizó del 23 al 28 de Abril de 2021.La Revista Bio Ciencias es una revista de acceso abierto que actualmente está considerada en el padrón de revistas de CONACyT, así como en la Web OF Science (Clarivate Analytics).
Precision and accuracy of streamflow measurements in headwater streams during baseflow
Authors: Santos Camyla Innocente dos , Chaffe Pedro Luiz Borges , Perez Alondra Beatriz Alvarez , Arienti Pedro Ferreira , Sá João Henrique Macedo
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT The quantification of baseflow is key for water resources management. However, there are few reports on the precision and accuracy in low streamflow measurements. In this paper, we systematically analyze the precision and accuracy of dilution streamflow measurements in headwater channels during baseflow. Precision refers to the variability of the values for repeated measurements and accuracy is how much the measured value approximates the reference one. We measured streamflow in 31 different cross-sections with contributing areas ranging from 0.02 to 5.33 km2. Streamflow measurements with the current meter were adopted as reference for accuracy estimation. A precision error of ±5.0% was found for the measurements. The percent errors compared to reference streamflow ranged from 0.7 to 45.6%, with a median of 6.1%. Precision and accuracy are in the same order of magnitude found in the literature for larger streams. These results can be used for constraining the uncertainty of streamflow measurements and rainfall-runoff modeling of headwater streams.