bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ ЯКІСНОЇ УСПІШНОСТІ СТУДЕНТІВ ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕННІ ПІДСУМКОВОГО МОДУЛЬНОГО КОНТРОЛЮ
Authors: Kuzmenko O. V. , Konovalenko S. O.
Published: May 2016

У статті проаналізована якісна успішність студентів медичного коледжу з дисципліни «Анатомія людини» за підсумками пілотного тестового контролю як незалежного кінцевого етапу оцінювання, та двохетапної системи підсумкового модульного контролю (тестування та практичні навички). 
РОЛЬ МЕДИЧНОЇ СЕСТРИ В РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ ХВОРИХ НА ОСТЕОХОНДРОЗ ХРЕБТА
Authors: Bobylоv D. V. , Holyachenko A. O.
Published: May 2016

У статті проаналізовано роль медичної сестри на різних етапах реабілітації хворих на остеохондроз хребта.
РОЛЬ МЕДИЧНОЇ СЕСТРИ В РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ ХВОРИХ НА ІНФАРКТ МІОКАРДА ЖИТЕЛІВ ЧЕРКАСЬКОГО РЕГІОНУ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ЧЕРКАСЬКОГО КАРДІОЛОГІЧНОГО ЦЕНТРУ
Authors: Otrishko O. O.
Published: May 2016

У статті розглянуто питання участі медичної сестри в процесі реабілітації хворих на інфаркт міокарда жителів Черкаського регіону на прикладі Черкаського кардіологічного центру.
СИНДРОМ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО ВИГОРАННЯ ЯК СКЛАДНИЙ ПСИХОФІЗІОЛОГІЧНИЙ ФЕНОМЕН
Authors: Bulakh V. P.
Published: May 2016

У статті проаналізовано синдром професійного вигорання, його сутність, прояви, фізіологічні, психологічні, особистісні та медичні наслідки на організм людини; детально розглянута його клінічна структура та динаміка формування.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND EPIZOOTIC ASPECT OF LEPTOSPIROSIS EVOLUTION IN TERNOPIL REGION
Authors: Vasylieva N. A. , Kravchuk Yu. A.
Published: May 2016

Background. Ternopil region is endemic on leptospirosis. Its natural conditions (slightly alkaline or alkaline
soils, air temperature, sufficient rainfall) contribute to the existence of major natural reservoir of the pathogen –
mouse-like rodents. In the region, different serovariants of leptospira are exuded by rodents and farm
animals.
Objective. The materials of the Department of Highly Infectious Diseases of Ternopil Regional Laboratory
Centre of the State Sanitation and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine, Ternopil Regional Laboratory of Veterinary
Medicine, Clinic of Infectious Diseases of TSMU were studied.
Leptospiras were detected by dark ground microscopy (DFM) of blood of patients, trapped rodents and examined
farm animals.
Results. The circulating of pathogens between different sources (rodents, animals) and annual �����������disease incidence
evidences that new leptospira serovar are carried onto endemic area mostly by farm animals; humans
are infected from them through the environment sometimes in 3-5 years intervals; the further diffusion to the
new areas of this pathogen serovars in all kinds of the examined mouse-like rodents is noticed.
It is established that farm animals and rodents are competing reservoirs. To predict the future epidemiological
situation of leptospirosis among the humans and to improve its diagnosis the constant monitoring of the
population, infection and leptospira carriage among mouse-like rodent and farm animals and expanding of the
panel of diagnostic leptospira strains including new pathogen variants in animals is necessary.
Conclusions. The development of additional reservoirs in animals, with circulating of other pathogen
serovars among them, such as mouse-like rodents, which were previously absent in the main natural reservoir,
cause the change of etiological structure in human leptospirosis at the endemic areas. The range of human
leptospirosis pathogens and its further spreading among all kinds of rodents increased during our research. The
results of detection of leptospirosis pathogens among the various contingents which were studied evidence that
the farm animals and rodents are competing reservoirs that cause human infection through environment.
KEY WORDS: leptospirosis, disease incidence, source of infection, rodents, farm animals.
LEVELS OF NITRIC OXIDE METABOLITES IN RATS WITH HEPATOPULMONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Krynytska I. Ya.
Published: May 2016

Background. System of nitric oxide (NO), which consists of NO, and its metabolites, is very important for
various biological processes. NO is signalling molecules and mediators of intracellular and intercellular interaction
that causes relaxation of smooth muscles of blood vessel walls, inhibits platelet aggregation and their adherence,
is involved in the transmission of nerve impulses, cell proliferation.
Objective. The aim of our research was to study the content of nitric oxide metabolites in blood serum and
bronchoalveolar lavage, to substantiate their role in pathogenesis of hepatopulmonary syndrome in
experiment.
Methods. The experiments were performed on 56 outbread male rats, 180-220 g in weight. The first experimental
model of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) was made by imposition of double ligature on common
bile duct and its further dissection with a scalpel. The second experimental HPS model was made by 8-week intragastric
administration of oil solution CCl4 (400 g per 1 L), 0.5 ml per 100 g of body weight on the first day of
the experiment, 0.3 ml per 100 g on the third day of the experiment and then every third day until the end of the
experiment 0.3 ml per 100 g. A mixture of corn flour, lard and cholesterol and alcohol solution was added to the
standard diet of the rats.
Results. The total content of nitric oxide metabolites in blood serum of the rats of the experimental group
No.1 (on the 31st day after the common bile duct ligation) was significantly increased in 3.9 times (p1<0,001) if
compared with the control group №1. In the rats of the 2nd experimental group (with carbon tetrachloride induced
cirrhosis) the total content of nitric oxide metabolites in blood serum also significantly increased in 3.1 times
(p1<0,001). Comparison of nitric oxide metabolites content in blood serum and bronchoalveolar lavage, which
directly indicated about the processes in lung tissue, was great importance.
Conclusions. So, in rats with experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome activation of nitroxydergic process
by significant increase in nitric oxide metabolites in blood serum and bronchoalveolar lavage took place.
KEYWORDS: hepatopulmonary syndrome, nitric oxide metabolites.
Le Chaos du fond du ciel selon Anaxagote
Authors: Caveing Maurice
Published: May 2016

Ce texte est un examen des Fragments du livre Sur la Nature d’Anaxagore de Clazomènes. On a écarté de l’enquête, par principe, l’étude des Témoignages et la discussion des très nombreux commentaires, anciens et modernes, qui constituent - et surchargent la tradition. Le retour aux textes mêmes - retraduits par nous - se fait dans la perspective d’une recherche du meilleur ordre que l’on peut assigner, avec vraisemblance, à ces Fragments. L’ordre proposé paraît cohérent, faisant se succéder quatre thèmes : le mélange primordial, la nature des choses séparées du mélange, l’état de composition des choses naturelles, le tourbillon cosmogonique. Chaque fragment prend ainsi sa place logique répondant à l’analyse de son contenu et l’ensemble situe la pensée anaxagoréenne dans l’histoire des cosmologies grecques des origines à Platon, après l’intervention de Parménide.
Factor XI as a Therapeutic Target
Authors: Gailani David , Gruber Andras
Published: May 2016

Factor XIa is a plasma serine protease that contributes to thrombin generation primarily through proteolytic activation of factor IX. Traditionally considered part of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, several lines of evidence now suggest that factor XIa serves as an interface between the vitamin-K–dependent thrombin generation mechanism and the proinflammatory kallikrein–kinin system, allowing the 2 systems to influence each other. Work with animal models and results from epidemiological surveys of human populations support a role for factor XIa in thromboembolic disease. These data and the clinical observation that deficiency of factor XI, the zymogen of factor XIa, produces a relatively mild bleeding disorder suggest that drugs targeting factor XI or XIa could produce an antithrombotic effect while leaving hemostasis largely intact. Results of a recent trial comparing antisense-induced factor XI reduction to standard-dose low molecular–weight heparin as prophylaxis for venous thrombosis during knee replacement are encouraging in this regard. Here, we discuss recent findings on the biochemistry, physiology, and pathology of factor XI as they relate to thromboembolic disease.
Development and Validation of a Model to Predict Absolute Vascular Risk Reduction by Moderate-Intensity Statin Therapy in Individual Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kaasenbrood Lotte , Poulter Neil R. , Sever Peter S. , Colhoun Helen M. , Livingstone Shona J. , Boekholdt S. Matthijs , Pressel Sara L. , Davis Barry R. , van der Graaf Yolanda , Visseren Frank L.J.
Published: May 2016

Background—

In this study, we aimed to translate the average relative effect of statin therapy from trial data to the individual patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus by developing and validating a model to predict individualized absolute risk reductions (ARR) of cardiovascular events.

Methods and Results—

Data of 2725 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the Lipid Lowering Arm of the Anglo Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial (ASCOT-LLA) study (atorvastatin 10 mg versus placebo) were used for model derivation. The model was based on 8 clinical predictors including treatment allocation (statin/placebo). Ten-year individualized ARR on major cardiovascular events by statin therapy were calculated for each patient by subtracting the estimated on-treatment risk from the estimated off-treatment risk. Predicted 10-year ARR by statin therapy was <2% for 13% of the patients. About 30% had an ARR of >4% (median ARR, 3.2%; interquartile range, 2.5%–4.3%; 95% confidence interval for 3.2% ARR, –1.4% to 6.8%). Addition of treatment interactions did not improve model performance. Therefore, the wide distribution in ARR was a consequence of the underlying distribution in cardiovascular risk enrolled in these trials. External validation of the model was performed in data from the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT; pravastatin 40 mg versus usual care) and Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS; atorvastatin 10 mg versus placebo) of 3878 and 2838 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, respectively. Model calibration was adequate in both external data sets, discrimination was moderate (ALLHAT-LLT:
c
-statistics, 0.64 [95% confidence interval, 0.61–0.67] and CARDS: 0.68 [95% confidence interval, 0.64–0.72]).

Conclusions—

ARRs of major cardiovascular events by statin therapy can be accurately estimated for individual patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using a model based on routinely available patient characteristics. There is a wide distribution in ARR that may complement informed decision making.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00327418 (CARDS) and NCT00000542 (ALLHAT).
Macromolecular Degradation Systems and Cardiovascular Aging
Authors: Nakayama Hiroyuki , Nishida Kazuhiko , Otsu Kinya
Published: May 2016

Aging-related cardiovascular diseases are a rapidly increasing problem worldwide. Cardiac aging demonstrates progressive decline of diastolic dysfunction of ventricle and increase in ventricular and arterial stiffness accompanied by increased fibrosis stimulated by angiotensin II and proinflammatory cytokines. Reactive oxygen species and multiple signaling pathways on cellular senescence play major roles in the process. Aging is also associated with an alteration in steady state of macromolecular dynamics including a dysfunction of protein synthesis and degradation. Currently, impaired macromolecular degradation is considered to be closely related to enhanced inflammation and be involved in the process and mechanism of cardiac aging. Herein, we review the role and mechanisms of the degradation system of intracellular macromolecules in the process and pathophysiology of cardiovascular aging.
Social Movement, Territory and Memory in La Malinche, Mexico City
Authors: Portal María Ana
Published: May 2016

Over the last 12 years, Mexico City has endured significant transformations, which have given rise to constant tension between the need for public works that modernize the urban infrastructure and the needs of the population affected by such works and projects. These changes are part of a broader process of capital’s global expansion under the neoliberal modality. For this reason, urbanization is most often planned against the interests of the local population. By looking at the movement of social resistance against the construction of the West Superhighway through La Malinche, this paper shows how changes in the world’s economic model—and the particularities they produce in a country like Mexico—have taken a toll on both organizational forms and elements of social struggle.
Lindtneria asiae-orientalis sp. nov. (Stephanosporaceae, Basidiomycota) from China based on morphological and molecular characters
Authors: LIU SHI-LIANG , WU FANG , HE SHUANG-HUI
Published: May 2016

Lindtneria asiae-orientalis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China. This fungus is characterized by buff-yellow to orange-yellow poroid hymenophores, septate generative hyphae with or without clamps, and relatively small ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores (5.8–7 × 4.7–5.2 µm). Phylogenetic analyses based on three rDNA gene regions (ITS, nLSU and tef1-α) support Lindtneria asiae-orientalis as a distinct species within the family Stephanosporaceae.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) galichicae spec. nov., a new osmiine bee species from Macedonia with key to the European representatives of the Hoplitis adunca species group (Megachilidae, Osmiini)
Authors: MÜLLER ANDREAS
Published: May 2016

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) galichicae spec. nov., a new European osmiine bee species belonging to the Hoplitis adunca species group (Osmiini) is described and diagnosed. It is currently known only from the Galichica mountain range in southwestern Macedonia. Analysis of pollen contained in the metasomal scopae revealed that all females of the type series collected pollen on the flowers of Sedum (Crassulaceae), which is unexpected as most other members of the Hoplitis adunca species group are oligolectic or mesolectic on flowers of Boraginaceae and/or Fabaceae. An identification key including all European representatives of the Hoplitis adunca species group is given.
Coleophora ericarnella Baldizzone, a new species of the C. pyrrhulipennella group (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) from the South-Eastern Alps
Authors: BALDIZZONE GIORGIO , LANDRY JEAN-FRANÇOIS
Published: May 2016

Coleophora ericarnella Baldizzone, n. sp. is described from the East-Central Alps region (Italy and Slovenia). It belongs to the C. pyrrhulipennella group. Its larval host plant is Erica carnea (Ericaceae). The adult habitus and genitalia as well as its larval case are illustrated and compared with those of Coleophora pulchripennella Baldizzone, 2011 and C. pyrrhulipennella Zeller, 1849. DNA barcodes also distinguish all three species from each other in congruence with genitalia morphology.
Completion lobectomy after radical segmentectomy for pulmonary malignancies
Authors: Omasa Mitsugu , Date Hiroshi , Takamochi Kazuya , Suzuki Kenji , Miyata Yoshihiro , Okada Morihito
Published: May 2016

Objective

Completion lobectomy after radical segmentectomy is relatively rare, with no systematic evaluation of this challenging procedure. We aimed to clarify the details of this operation performed in 3 Japanese institutions.

Methods

Completion lobectomy after segmentectomy in the same lobe was performed in 11 patients (9 lung cancers and 2 metastatic lung tumors) between 2007 and 2013. Surgical outcomes were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

The 11 patients accounted for 1.37% of the 805 segmentectomies performed in the 3 institutions. The reasons for completion lobectomy were postoperative complications in the remaining lobe ( n = 3), positive pathological lymph node metastasis found by permanent section ( n = 3), and malignancy in the remaining lobe ( n = 5). The patients were divided into two groups according the interval between segmentectomy and completion lobectomy: group A (3–35 days, n = 5) and group B (56–1470 days, n = 6). There was a tendency for more severe adhesions around the hilum ( p = 0.061) in group B, resulting in increased operative bleeding ( p = 0.055), more usage of fibrin glue ( p = 0.080), and significantly longer operative time ( p = 0.036). Injury to the pulmonary arteries was experienced only in group B (3/6 cases). There was no operation-related mortality.

Conclusions

Completion lobectomy may become more difficult approximately 5 weeks after segmentectomy, due to severe adhesions, but it can be performed safely with careful manipulation.
Educational modeling and load testing of shells
Authors: Markov Ivan ,   The Students of CEE 4450
Published: May 2016

The author has recently developed a new course at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute to address concepts of advanced structures. The course covers topics and approaches that are typically not present in Civil and Environmental Engineering curricula, with the main focus being to foster students’ intuition and understanding of the behavior of structural systems. An important part of the course is the hands-on component where the students are challenged to develop methods to build, support, load test, measure, record, and analyze behavior of various shell types through building physical models. Students work in groups with distinctive tasks, yet they all have to collaborate extensively in order to successfully integrate their work and to develop an experiment for load testing the models. This article presents how the students responded to the challenges and learned by solving issues, making decisions, testing models, and visually observing model failures.
Repeatable steady-state measurement of particulate number emissions in engine experiments
Authors: Mason Byron , Bradley William , Pezouvanis Antonios , Ebrahimi Kambiz
Published: May 2016

Particulate number count is an important consideration for engine developers due to changes in emissions legislation. Changes are driven by an increasing body of evidence that particulate number, particularly smaller particles, have a deleterious effect on human health. This article presents the results of an investigation into the key factors influencing particulate number emissions measurement repeatability during dynamometer-based testing of a gasoline direct-injection engine. At the outset of this work, a review of literature summarises some of the current discussion concerning particulate formation, evolution and measurement to identify the key factors that influence these three things. Having established what these factors are a number of engine experiments are undertaken to determine how sensitive particulate number measurements are to change in these factors and therefore how great an influence they are on measurement repeatability in engine experiments of a similar type. The investigation highlights a number of important results, showing that particular regard ought to be given to the pre-conditioning of engine internal surfaces which begins when the engine is started. In addition, the effect of coolant temperature (including the dynamics of the control system) is observed and highlighted as another key source of variation as is intake air temperature.
Political clientelism in Thai provinces
Authors: Owen David A
Published: May 2016

This article tests hypotheses of the clientelist theory of political participation using both individual level cross sectional survey data and aggregate level data from all 76 provinces in Thailand for the 1996, 2001 and the 2005 General Election timeframes. According to the clientelist theory of political participation, we would expect higher participation among those with fewer resources when there is an incentive for a patron to buy participation, and lower participation where there is no incentive. I use linear and logistical regression to test hypotheses derived from this theory and find there is support enough to suggest clientelism as a cause of political participation during the democratic period of Thailand. The results have important implications for understanding clientelism, regime legitimacy and the prospects for a return to democracy.
Reducing Occupational Risk to Ambulatory Caregivers
Authors: Fragala Guy
Published: May 2016

In recent years, safe patient handling in the health care industry has been addressed by various stakeholders, but much work remains to reduce health care worker injuries, and improve safety and care quality for patients. Recently, safe patient handling in ambulatory care settings has gained attention. As health care delivery evolves, demands on ambulatory care will increase and more dependent patients will visit ambulatory care clinics. Typically, ambulatory care clinics are not equipped with appropriate safe patient handling equipment. Examination tables, standard in ambulatory care clinics, currently have fixed height and are not easily accessible. This study investigated the benefits of introducing new height-adjustable examination tables to an ambulatory care setting. The results of this study indicate that by using height-adjustable examination tables, work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) risk for caregivers can be significantly reduced.
Variations of the Relative Age Effect Within and Across Groups in Elite Alpine Skiing
Authors: Bjerke Øyvind , Lorås Håvard , Pedersen Arve V.
Published: May 2016

The term relative age effect (RAE) refers to age differences between athletes within the same cohort, and is frequently found within a plethora of sports. Less clear than the actual occurrence of the effect has been the strength of the effect across, and within, different sports, and also variations across sex, age, and skill level. In this study, we analyzed birth dates among the fifty top ranked alpine skiers in the World Cup system over the last twenty years. The analysis included both male ( n = 238) and female skiers ( n = 235) grouped into either a speed group (downhill and Super-G) or a technical group (slalom and giant slalom) based on World Cup points. The results show an RAE among the male skiers in the speed disciplines. No significant RAEs were found in men specializing in technical disciplines, and none at all in women. This finding demonstrates that the RAE can vary across subdisciplines within alpine skiing at the elite level.
Book Review: Arjun Guneratne and Anita M. Weiss (eds), Pathways to Power: The Domestic Politics of South Asia
Authors: Schneider Mark
Published: May 2016

Arjun Guneratne and Anita M. Weiss (eds), Pathways to Power: The Domestic Politics of South Asia. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan. 2014. 420 pages. ₹ 1,070.
Chronic Constipation and Its Complications
Authors: Cheng Michelle , Ghahremani Shahnaz , Roth Antoinette , Chawla Soni C.
Published: May 2016

Background. Fecalomas are hard dense masses separate from surrounding fecal material or bowel contents. This case report intends to provide a brief review of the literature and differential diagnosis for a pelvic mass in a pediatric patient. Case Presentation. The patient is a 5-year-old male presenting with worsening constipation and stool leakage over several months, found to have a rare calcified pelvic mass on abdominal X-ray consistent with a fecaloma. Conclusion. Fecalomas should be considered on the differential diagnosis of pediatric patients who present with chronic constipation and a calcified pelvic mass.
Acute pulmonary embolism: mortality prediction by the 2014 European Society of Cardiology risk stratification model
Authors: Becattini Cecilia , Agnelli Giancarlo , Lankeit Mareike , Masotti Luca , Pruszczyk Piotr , Casazza Franco , Vanni Simone , Nitti Cinzia , Kamphuisen Pieter , Vedovati Maria Cristina , De Natale Maria Grazia , Konstantinides Stavros
Published: May 2016

The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) has proposed an updated risk stratification model for death in patients with acute pulmonary embolism based on clinical scores (Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) or simplified PESI (sPESI)), right ventricle dysfunction (RVD) and elevated serum troponin (2014 ESC model).

We assessed the ability of the 2014 ESC model to predict 30-day death after acute pulmonary embolism. Consecutive patients with symptomatic, confirmed pulmonary embolism included in prospective cohorts were merged in a collaborative database. Patients’ risk was classified as high (shock or hypotension), intermediate-high (RVD and elevated troponin), intermediate-low (RVD or increased troponin or none) and low (sPESI 0). Study outcomes were death and pulmonary embolism-related death at 30 days.

Among 906 patients (mean±sdage 68±16, 489 females), death and pulmonary embolism-related death occurred in 7.2% and 4.1%, respectively. Death rate was 22% in “high-risk” (95% CI 14.0–29.8), 7.7% in “intermediate-high-risk” (95% CI 4.5–10.9) and 6.0% in “intermediate-low-risk” patients (95% CI 3.4–8.6). One of the 196 “low-risk” patients died (0.5%, 95% CI 0–1.0; negative predictive value 99.5%).

By using the 2014 ESC model, RVD or troponin tests would be avoided in about 20% of patients (sPESI 0), preserving a high negative predictive value. Risk stratification in patients at intermediate risk requires further improvement.
Risk factors for short-term outcomes after thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer
Authors: Irie Masataka , Nakanishi Ryoichi , Yasuda Manabu , Fujino Yoshihisa , Hamada Kazumi , Hyodo Masahiro
Published: May 2016

Few studies have analysed postoperative risk factors in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy, including assessments of preoperative physical function. The objectives of this study were to identify predictors of postoperative deterioration of performance status and cardiopulmonary complications in cases of thoracoscopic lobectomy.

Between June 2005 and October 2012, we retrospectively reviewed 188 consecutive subjects who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy for preoperative stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer. The demographic and clinical parameters, including physical function, were analysed using a multivariate logistic regression to clarify the determinants.

The percent predicted diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, quadriceps muscle strength and pathologic stage were independent risk factors for deterioration of performance status after surgery in the multivariate analyses. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 6-min walking distance and pathologic stage were also independent risk factors for postoperative cardiopulmonary complications.

Our data suggest that, in addition to a greater pathologic stage, lower diffusing capacity and comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, poor physical function was associated with worse short-term outcomes after thoracoscopic lobectomy. An evaluation of preoperative quadriceps muscle strength and 6-min walk test is easily performed and may therefore be a useful predictor in cases of thoracoscopic lobectomy.
Ketamine: stimulating antidepressant treatment?
Authors: Malhi Gin S. , Byrow Yulisha , Cassidy Frederick , Cipriani Andrea , Demyttenaere Koen , Frye Mark A. , Gitlin Michael , Kennedy Sidney H. , Ketter Terence A. , Lam Raymond W. , McShane Rupert , Mitchell Alex J. , Ostacher Michael J. , Rizvi Sakina J. , Thase Michael E. , Tohen Mauricio
Published: May 2016

The appeal of ketamine – in promptly ameliorating depressive symptoms even in those with non-response – has led to a dramatic increase in its off-label use. Initial promising results await robust corroboration and key questions remain, particularly concerning its long-term administration. It is, therefore, timely to review the opinions of mood disorder experts worldwide pertaining to ketamine's potential as an option for treating depression and provide a synthesis of perspectives – derived from evidence and clinical experience – and to consider strategies for future investigations.
Battling over Jobs: Occupational Licensing in Health Care
Authors: Kleiner Morris M.
Published: May 2016

The goal of this paper is to outline the major tensions between the monopoly face of licensing versus potential consumer protection goals of occupational regulation in the health care industry. Historically, health care occupations limited supply as a method of raising earnings, but with the growth in the number of newly regulated occupations, many professions have come in conflict over who gets to do the work. Rather than having consumers decide, state legislatures and licensing boards determine the allocation of tasks. The paper outlines policies that may allow consumers rather than service providers determine the direct allocation of these jobs.
Patent Quality and Examination in Europe
Authors: Harhoff Dietmar
Published: May 2016

This paper reports on effects of recent administrative reforms at the European Patent Office (EPO). In EPO-granted patents, claims numbers started to decline in 2008 when new claims fees became effective, claims sections in patents became shorter, and independent claims longer and presumably more specific. The grant rate remained at relatively low levels, but the EPO was unable to stem the use of divisional filings. The developments at the EPO point to a high private value of delay options. Delay may be achieved either by making use of explicit statutory rules or by other means, such as filing divisional applications.
Economic Effects of an Ocean Acidification Catastrophe
Authors: Colt Stephen G. , Knapp Gunnar P.
Published: May 2016

We assess the potential magnitude of the economic effects of an ocean acidification (OA) catastrophe by focusing on marine ecosystem services most likely to be affected. It is scientifically plausible that by 2200 OA could cause a complete collapse of marine capture fisheries, complete destruction of coral reefs, and significant rearrangement of marine ecosystems. Upper-bound values for losses from the first two effects range from 97 to 301 billion 2014 dollars per year (0.09 - 0.28% of current world GDP). We argue that aquaculture output would not be reduced, due to the high potential for adaptation by this young industry.
Developing voluntary standards for district nurse education and practice
Authors: Saunders Mary
Published: May 2016

This article charts the development of a project, funded by the Queen's Nursing Institute and Queen's Nursing Institute Scotland, to develop voluntary standards that reflect the contemporary and future practice of district nurses. The standards are designed to enhance, but not replace, the Nursing and Midwifery Council standards for district nurse specialist practice. The project encompassed the four UK countries and gathered data from a wide range of sources to inform the new standards that were launched in September 2015.
A century of service: the contribution of the RCN to the nursing profession
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: May 2016

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses how the Royal College of Nursing has helped support the fledgling nursing profession since before registration was achieved in 1919
Questions about the NHS Supply Chain's generic specifications project arise at TVS 2016
Authors: Fronzo C.
Published: May 2016

The last session at this year's Tissue Viability Society (TVS) conference was a debate surrounding the Government's proposed NHS Supply Chain generics programme. In one corner explaining the full proposal, how it will work and who will be involved was Mandie Sunderland, and in the other was Richard White, who had a number of questions to ask. Here Camila Fronzo, JWC Chief Sub Editor, summarises the main points of the debate and the questions still to be addressed.
A review of the evidence for adjustable compression wrap devices
Authors: Williams A.
Published: May 2016

Compression therapy is a key component in the effective management of people with lower limb problems associated with venous, lymphatic and fat disorders such as lipoedema. Individuals with lymphoedema, venous ulceration and lipoedema often require long-term compression therapy to prevent and manage problems such as chronic ulceration and skin changes, persistent swelling and shape distortion. Challenges remain in achieving acceptable, safe, effective and cost-efficient compression therapy choices. Adjustable compression wrap devices using hook and loop fasteners, commonly called VELCRO brand fasteners, present new opportunities for improving treatment outcomes, supporting patient independence and self-management in the use of compression therapy. This paper reports the findings of an evidence review of adjustable compression wrap devices in people with lymphoedema, chronic oedema, venous ulceration and lipoedema.

Declaration of interest:

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
An open, non-comparative, multicentre evaluation of performance and safety using an antimicrobial exudate transfer dressing on diabetic foot ulcers: a case series
Authors: Dhatariya K. , Gooday C. , Franke B. , Pilling T. , Flanagan A. , Zeidan L.
Published: May 2016

Objective:

To evaluate the performance and safety of Mepilex Transfer Ag (MTAg) in the treatment of infected diabetic foot ulcers (DFU).

Method:

Patients with locally infected DFU were treated with the test dressing for up to 4 weeks, with a further 12 weeks of follow-up in a non-comparative study. Changes to wound infection and wound size as well as the condition of the peri-wound skin from baseline were assessed. Wound pain during dressing change was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The investigators and patients documented their opinions on their overall experience of the test dressing and on key performance parameters.

Results:

Following treatment with the test dressing, the signs and symptoms of local wound infection present in the target DFU were substantially reduced compared with baseline. Following the posttreatment evaluation, the majority of the DFU exhibited no signs of infection. and mean wound size was reduced by 50%. Wound size also continued to steadily decrease during follow-up. At the end of treatment five DFUs were completely healed and a further six healed by the end of the follow-up period. Concomitantly, over the course of the study, wound exudate levels were reduced and there was a significant improvement in the condition of the peri-wound area. Wound pain at dressing change was low throughout; generally patients felt no anxiety during the dressing change procedure. The patients considered it a comfortable dressing that remained in place and allowed ease of movement during wear. The investigating clinicians were highly satisfied with the overall performance, especially with respect to its ease of application and removal, conformability and flexibility.

Conclusion:

This study has demonstrated the potential of the dressing to provide topical antimicrobial activity directly to an infected DFU, suggesting prompt treatment of an infected DFU with this topical antimicrobial could aid wound complications.

Declaration of interest:

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Cattle Review
Authors: Barrett David C
Published: May 2016

Introduction:

In this edition of Cattle Review we consider a social science paper looking at farm animal veterinary surgeons' perceptions of the professional challenges they face and two papers on udder health.
Nurse prescribers and legalising assisted suicide in the UK
Authors: Hartwell Matthew , Gagan Mark
Published: May 2016

Should assisted suicide be legalised? This is a topic of debate in the UK once again. The House of Lords and the Judiciary indicate that legislation must be enacted by the Government to make assisted suicide a reality. This article highlights some important historical cases involving assisted suicide, and explores the ethical, legal and professional issues assisted suicide presents for nurse prescribers.
Influence of Sugar Palm Ash Fraction and Resonator Configuration on Acoustic Absorption Performance of Expose Brick
Authors: R Zulfa Kamila , Yahya Iwan , U Utari
Published: May 2016

Sound absorption performance optimization of expose brick has been conducted in associated with the fraction of sugar palm ash in its raw material and configuration of Helmholtz resonators inside the brick structure. The testing was conducted experimentally refer to ASTM E-1050-98 standard procedure. In this case there are three variations sugar palm ash fractions of 0%, 5%, and 10%, as well as two array resonator configurations. The results showed that the brick with fraction of 10% sugar palm ash has the best sound absorption performance. As for the configuration of array identical Helmholtz resonator giving better performance improvement at low frequency span than complex resonator structure with coupled cavity where the best performance occur on(376-488) Hz frequency range with the absorption coefficient α of 0.54.
Study of Macrobending Losses Effect in Plastic Optical Fibber.
Authors: Ghozali Egyn Furqon , Yunianto Mohtar , N Nuryani
Published: May 2016

Experimental study to analyze the effect of macrobending losses in plastic optical fiber triple bending model based on PC (personal computer) has been conducted. The data is gathered by measuring the change of the light intensity due to the presence of bending on optical fibers. The bending causes losses of optical fiber that is read by WIM (weight in motion) Acquisition program based on Borlan Delphi 7. The optical fibers are plastic with diameter of 3 mm. The diameter of pin is 8 mm and the space between the pin is 5 mm. The light source is a LED (λ=676 nm). As a result, the losses of optical fiber increase with the enhancement of bending. The increase trend linear to sensitivity of the sensor with gradient of 0,1063 and R2 of 0,9626. Therefore, the proposed design might be applied as a WIM sensor.
ZCO/CNT Composites Coated on Silver Substrates as Symmetric Supercapacitor and their Dielectrics Characterization at Various Frequencies
Authors: Diantoro Markus , Najihah Lisa Ainun , Taufiq Ahmad , Fuad Abdulloh , Hidayat Arif , S Subakti
Published: May 2016

Supercapacitor is a high power density energy storage device which complements the lack of batteries and conventional capacitors. One material which has a great potential in the manufacture of composite supercapacitor is spinel ZnCo2O4/carbon nano tube and abreviated in the later case as ZCO/CNT. Composition variations in ZCO/CNT composites is expected to the performance of supercapacitor especially the dielectric properties and specific capacitance. In
this study the composite ZCO/CNT was made from raw materials of ZCO nano crystal which was prepared from previous research on which employing sonochemistry technic, carbon nano tube, and 1-methil 2 pyrolidine. A screen printing method was used in this experiment to deposite the composite on silver substrates. The separator in between of two identical composite structures was prepared from isotactic polypropylene. We used KOH 6 M which was implemented as electrolyte of the composites. Characterization of composite structures has been performed using X-RD, while the morphology characterization using SEM. It was found that the dielectric supercapacitor increase by increasing of mass fraction of ZCO in the composite. The
highest dielectric constant is reached at 1.89 x 106 and the specific capacitance of 81 F/g for 3:1mass ratio of ZCO : CNT at 100 Hz.
Toward Worldwide Hepcidin Assay Harmonization: Identification of a Commutable Secondary Reference Material
Authors: van der Vorm Lisa N , Hendriks Jan C M , Laarakkers Coby M , Klaver Siem , Armitage Andrew E , Bamberg Alison , Geurts-Moespot Anneke J , Girelli Domenico , Herkert Matthias , Itkonen Outi , Konrad Robert J , Tomosugi Naohisa , Westerman Mark , Bansal Sukhvinder S , Campostrini Natascia , Drakesmith Hal , Fillet Marianne , Olbina Gordana , Pasricha Sant-Rayn , Pitts Kelly R , Sloan John H , Tagliaro Franco , Weykamp Cas W , Swinkels Dorine W
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Absolute plasma hepcidin concentrations measured by various procedures differ substantially, complicating interpretation of results and rendering reference intervals method dependent. We investigated the degree of equivalence achievable by harmonization and the identification of a commutable secondary reference material to accomplish this goal.

METHODS

We applied technical procedures to achieve harmonization developed by the Consortium for Harmonization of Clinical Laboratory Results. Eleven plasma hepcidin measurement procedures (5 mass spectrometry based and 6 immunochemical based) quantified native individual plasma samples (n = 32) and native plasma pools (n = 8) to assess analytical performance and current and achievable equivalence. In addition, 8 types of candidate reference materials (3 concentrations each, n = 24) were assessed for their suitability, most notably in terms of commutability, to serve as secondary reference material.

RESULTS

Absolute hepcidin values and reproducibility (intrameasurement procedure CVs 2.9%–8.7%) differed substantially between measurement procedures, but all were linear and correlated well. The current equivalence (intermeasurement procedure CV 28.6%) between the methods was mainly attributable to differences in calibration and could thus be improved by harmonization with a common calibrator. Linear regression analysis and standardized residuals showed that a candidate reference material consisting of native lyophilized plasma with cryolyoprotectant was commutable for all measurement procedures. Mathematically simulated harmonization with this calibrator resulted in a maximum achievable equivalence of 7.7%.

CONCLUSIONS

The secondary reference material identified in this study has the potential to substantially improve equivalence between hepcidin measurement procedures and contributes to the establishment of a traceability chain that will ultimately allow standardization of hepcidin measurement results.
Presentación
Authors: Cuadernos de Filosofía del Derecho Doxa
Published: May 2016

Presentación.
Por qué un estándar de prueba subjetivo y ambiguo no es un estándar
Authors: Laudan Larry
Published: May 2016

Un estándar intrínsicamente subjetivo no nos ofrece protección alguna contra los riesgos de las decisiones arbitrarias. En un sistema con tales estándares, pruebas que pueden convencerle a A de la culpabilidad de X no van a persuadirle a B de que X es culpable. Obviamente, no podemos esperar ni uniformidad ni justicia si cada juez utiliza sus propios criterios. En vez de utilizar estándars de prueba subjetivos, como la convicción íntima o la ausencia de una duda razonable, propongo aquí varios estándares objetivos y exigentes. Ellos son objetivos porque no dependen de los caprichos de si o no cierto juez tenga una convicción firme sobre la culpabilidad del acusado. Son exigentes porque no queremos condenar a alguien excepto que tengamos un prueba muy sólida y robusta.
Tres observaciones sobre "Por qué un estándar de prueba subjetivo y ambiguo no es un estándar", de Larry Laudan
Authors: Taruffo Michele
Published: May 2016

La primera observación se refiere a que la aspiración de objetividad dirigida a alcanzar el conocimiento de la verdad de los hechos en el proceso civil no es la finalidad prioritaria en todos los contextos procesales del Derecho; por ejemplo, en el penal parece más bien dirigido a implementar el principio de contradicción entre las partes y principalmente al pleno desarrollo de la defensa del imputado. La segunda consideración es que en el sistema norteamericano no resulta posible verificar en qué medida un estándar de prueba se ha aplicado efectivamente por los jurados porque los jurados no motivan sus veredictos. Es natural que los jurados decidan según sus propias inclinaciones subjetivas, por la obvia razón de que están legitimados para hacerlo y nadie les pide que decidan en forma objetiva. La tercera observación tiene que ver con el rechazo a la valoración holística de las pruebas en el establecimiento de los hechos, por su carencia de objetividad y poco rigor analítico.
Prolongaciones a partir de Laudan
Authors: Igartua Salaverría Juan
Published: May 2016

La asimilación de la "duda razonable" al proceso penal español como estándar de prueba reporta grandes beneficios además de que encuentra un acomodo más garantista del que tiene en su ambiente jurídico originario, en los sistemas de common law Esto, debido a la obligación de jueces y jurados de motivar en la sentencia o el veredicto ese particular aspecto. Con ello, por un lado se legitima la decisión jurisdiccional en la medida en que sólo una duda bien razonada acredita ser una "duda razonable". Por otro, porque sólo cabe el control (procesal y extraprocesal) de lo público o de lo publicado, no de lo que se enclaustra en el recinto mental del juzgador.
Dinamismo y coactividad: sobre una incongruencia en la Teoría Pura del Derecho
Authors: Rodilla González Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2016

El autor sostiene que la interpretación de Kelsen de la idea de coactividad, a la que usa como criterio de individualización de las normas jurídicas, es incompatible con su caracterización del Derecho como sistema normativo dinámico. El sistema jurídico kelseniano no puede construirse con las normas jurídicas kelsenianas, porque entre éstas no pueden darse las relaciones de validación que son características de un sistema dinámico. De esta manera, la teoría kelseniana del Derecho como un sistema normativo dinámico es una razón para abandonar la teoría kelseniana sobre la estructura uniforme de las normas jurídicas.
Diez consejos para argumentar bien o decálogo del buen argumentador
Authors: Atienza Rodríguez Manuel
Published: May 2016

Las reglas de la buena argumentación recogidas en este breve texto son tanto de carácter técnico como ético.
Futuro de la democracia y democracia del futuro
Authors: Greppi Andrea
Published: May 2016

En «Optimismo y pesimismo en la democracia» Ernesto Garzón Valdés toma como punto de partida una caracterización estándar de la democracia liberal y a partir de ella analiza las condiciones de las que depende la estabilidad de esta clase de régimen político. Por diversas razones de carácter político y social, parece ser que en nuestros días se requieren ciertas transformaciones en el modelo político vigente y por ello sugiere un decálogo de medidas que podrían contribuir a reforzar nuestras frágiles democracias. En este artículo se discute la profundidad de tales cambios y, en particular, la posibilidad y necesidad de introducir un giro deliberativo que se sitúe no sólo en el plano de los diseños institucionales, sino sobre todo en el plano de las teorías subyacentes.
Una mirada a «Algo más acerca de la relación entre Derecho y Moral» (1992) de Ernesto Garzón Valdés
Authors: Roca Pérez Victoria
Published: May 2016

Las tesis sostenidas por Garzón Valdés en el trabajo aquí analizado permiten poner de manifiesto cómo una adecuada comprensión del Derecho como práctica normativa que se pretende justificativa de acciones que afectan a terceros nos lleva a vincular el Derecho con la Moral sin por ello 1) abandonar las filas del positivismo ni 2) caer en un discurso acrítico en relación con el Derecho. Esas tesis además pueden verse como una invitación a una reflexión acerca del fundamento último y de las claves que permiten entender cabalmente la denominada pretensión de corrección del Derecho.
Comentario a «Algunas confusiones acerca de los problemas morales de la diversidad cultural» de Ernesto Garzón Valdés
Authors: Sauca Cano José María
Published: May 2016

Se reformulan los errores denunciados por Ernesto Garzón Valdés en torno al tratamiento ético de la diversidad cultural mediante nueve tesis que son comentadas con intención moderadamente crítica.