bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fascioliasis: A Foodborne Disease of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance
Authors: Ebenezer Atalabi Tolulope , Taiye Lawal Omotosho
Published: August 2020

Fascioliasis is a food-borne neglected disease caused by digenetic trematodes in the genus Fasciola. There is a significant increase in the global prevalence of human fascioliasis with a strong correlation with a high infection rate among ruminant definitive hosts. Fasciola is a liver fluke with complex life cycle. Fascioliasis is endemic in every continent of the world with the exception of Antarctica. Discharge of the metabolites of liver flukes into the circulatory system of hosts has pathological consequences. Fascioliasis has been diagnosed by parasitological, immunological, and molecular means, and it is being reliably treated chemotherapeutically. The emerging drug-resistant strains of liver flukes have led to the need for vaccine development. Most vaccine candidates were first isolated as native proteins from adult worms. Several of the early antigens, including cathepsin L proteases, Glutathione S-transferase (GST), and fatty acid binding protein (FABP), significantly reduced worm burden, egg output, and liver pathology in cattle and sheep. Climate change, emerging drug resistance, and the development of new parasite strains through hybridization are the current challenges that could potentially alter the epidemiology of fascioliasis soon. Therefore, researchers need to produce promising vaccines that offer maximum protection to farm animals and humans.
Genetic Risk Factors and Lysosomal Function in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Vieira Barroso Montenegro Marcella , Eduardo de Melo Amaral Carlos , Carlos Santana da Silva Luiz
Published: August 2020

Parkinson disease is a complex disease that has multiple genetic and environmental factors. To achieve the early diagnosis and to be able to modify the disease progression, efforts are being made to identify individuals at risk. About 20 year ago, an evidence of major prevalence of Parkinsonism in patients with Gaucher Disease reported by studies worldwide led to the putative involvement of the GBA gene. Nowadays, the link from a rare disease with a common disease is well known and it is confirmed that mutations in the GBA gene are the most important genetic risk factor. Apart from rare mutations, genetic association studied appointed common variants in genes well associated with familial cases as LRRK2 and SNCA may also contribute to the increased risk for sporadic cases. Other common variants in the MAPT gene were also reported. At least, genetic studies have been observed an excessive burden of relevant variants in genes with lysosomal function. Thus, a synergistic action of variants in genes that codifies proteins involved with the lysosome may be a mean of modulating the risk. In this chapter, we review the most robust genetic risk factor and the relevance of lysosomal function for Parkinson disease.
The Health and Future of the Six Hare Species in Europe: A Closer Look at the Iberian Hare
Authors: D. Duarte Margarida , L. Carvalho Carina , Abade dos Santos Fábio , Monteiro Jéssica , Monteiro Madalena , Melo Carvalho Paulo , Mendonça Paula , Tavares Santos Patrícia , C. Melo Pedro
Published: August 2020

Although there are around 40 species of hares in the world divided into three different genera (Lepus, Caprolagus, and Pronolagus), only six species inhabit Europe, all belonging to genus Lepus. The conservation status of these six species was recently revised in the International Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Lepus castroviejoi and L. corsicanus were attributed the status of “vulnerable”. The other four species, L. europaeus, L. timidus, L. capensis, and L. granatensis, were considered of “least concern” although a declining trend was recognized for the last two species’ wild populations. Here we review the major threats to the hare species in Europe, with emphasis on infectious diseases. Furthermore, we present the sanitary data regarding the Iberian hare populations from Portugal, which were severely affected by the emergence of a naturally occurring recombinant myxoma virus (MYXV), first reported in mid-2018. The recent detection in 2019 of a leporid herpesvirus (LeHV-5), which pathogenicity appears to be exacerbated in MYXV-infected hares, brings additional concerns to the health and conservation of the Iberian hare.
Role of Growth Factors and Apoptosis Proteins in Cognitive Disorder Development in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Georgievna Sokolova Mariia , Valentinovna Lopatina Ekaterina
Published: August 2020

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive neuromuscular disease; it occurs due to a mutation in the dystrophin protein gene; as a result, the protein is not synthesized and muscle tissue dies. On the one hand, we can say that this disease has been sufficiently studied; however, it is still incurable, and there are a number of issues remaining unclear in terms of the development of progressive dementia as a symptom in 30% of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We conducted a study at the intersection of molecular genetic, neurological, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent patients’ blood tests and experiments in organotypic culture, which allowed us to determine important points in the development of cognitive disorders in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and identify a significant effect of growth factor concentration in patients. The chapter will present data on neurotrophic regulation in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (by the best-studied neurotrophins), demonstrate special aspects of neuron-myocyte interaction, and broaden the understanding of the role of apoptosis and synthase proteins in the development of this disease. We would like to highlight the importance of prognostic criteria for the development of cognitive impairment and possible therapeutic measures to prevent progressive dementia
Modular Sumset Labelling of Graphs
Authors: Naduvath Sudev
Published: August 2020

Graph labelling is an assignment of labels or weights to the vertices and/or edges of a graph. For a ground set X of integers, a sumset labelling of a graph is an injective map f:VG→PX such that the induced function f⊕:EG→PX is defined by f+uv=fu+fv, for all uv∈EG, where fu+fv is the sumset of the set-label, the vertices u and v. In this chapter, we discuss a special type of sumset labelling of a graph, called modular sumset labelling and its variations. We also discuss some interesting characteristics and structural properties of the graphs which admit these new types of graph labellings.
Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Properties and Applications
Authors: Kumar Jagadeesan Aravind , Thangavelu Krithiga , Dhananjeyan Venkatesan
Published: August 2020

Recent discoveries of salient carbon nanoforms have paved tremendous interest among research and also toward their discrete applications in scientific fields. Various generation methods for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) involve chemical deposition of vapor, discharge using electric arc and laser ablation mechanism which were driven by functionalization, chemical addition, doping, and filing such that in-depth characterization and manipulation of CNTs were possible. The in-built elasticity, electromechanical, chemical, and optical properties of CNTs have a notable impact on its stability and reactivity. Perhaps, the flexibility along with its determined strength makes them to validate its potential application in diverse fields which enables that these CNTs will definitely procure a prominent role in nanotechnology.
Implementation of Computerized Maintenance and Management System in Wine Factory in Ethiopia: A Case Study
Authors: Addis Nigussie Dejene , Avvari Muralidhar
Published: August 2020

The productivity improvement is being main concern of all industries in spite of the type of product and amount of recourses or production system. One of the wine factories (Awash wine factory, Ethiopia) is also struggling to achieve its expected productivity since 1970s because of its poor maintenance management system. So far, productivity has been achieved by implementing various methodologies exclusively computerized maintenance and management system. Accordingly, the main aim of the study is to enhance productivity through smart maintenance management system. The current chapter emphasis on effective maintenance strategy and management system as the solitary way of improving productivity of the case company. The study used descriptive research design by applying both quantitative and qualitative research approach. Maintenance strategy followed by the company (brake down), frequent failure of critical machines, poor maintenance management system, lack of pertinent attention on maintenance, inadequate maintenance budget, considering maintenance as a cost center rather than a business center were the foundations for the problems. Arising from these problems, this study proposed smart maintenance strategy (Preventive Maintenance) and management system tool (CMMS) that improves reliability of machines reduce frequency of equipment failure, reduce breakdown time, decrease cost of maintenance, and then enhance productivity.
A Review of Maxillofacial Rehabilitation Using Osseointegrated Implants in Oncological Patients: Buttress Implant Concept
Authors: Díez-Suárez Leandro , González-Cardín Vicente , Gómez-Pedraza Antonio , Granados-García Martín
Published: August 2020

Cancer leaves important consequences in the shape, function and esthetics of the patient, especially when it is cancer of the oral cavity or upper aero-digestive tract. Although reconstruction with local and microvascular flaps is sometimes a viable option, maxillofacial rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants is a well-reported treatment alternative with a high success rate. The main advantages in this modality of rehabilitation are the decrease in biological and economic costs, simplifying the management of these defects by reducing surgical intervention, hospitalization time, postoperative morbidity and treatment time. There are several classification systems; however, there is no classification system that has accurately described the maxillofacial defect under a surgical, prosthetic and reconstructive approach with osseointegrated implants. The purpose of this study is to guide professionals in decision-making for maxillofacial rehabilitation using osseointegrated implants located in the anatomical buttresses of the maxillofacial region.
Green Banking
Authors: Julia Taslima , Kassim Salina
Published: August 2020

Green banking being a new trend deserves more attention. Understanding green banking, its nature, importance, impact on spreading green, its link to sustainable development goals (SDGs), and Maqasid Shariah is vital. Therefore, this chapter is going to cover the abovementioned essentials. Banks’ financing that care about the environment is green banking. Banks can contribute enormously to restore environmental balance and to preserve a livable condition for future generation through green banking. Only binding regulation can ensure the involvement of banks in green practices, for example, Bangladesh. To face the reality, when leaders are committed to implement SDGs by 2030, involvement of banks in green practices could accelerate the process of implementation. Coincidently, green banking features and objectives are very close to Maqasid Shariah. Based on desk research and document analysis technique, this chapter is going to establish that green banking, SDGs, and Maqasid Shariah are complementary to each other.
Bleeding Disorders Associated with Abnormal Platelets: Glanzmann Thrombasthenia and Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
Authors: Mesut Nezir Engin Muhammet
Published: August 2020

Platelets, the smallest cells in the blood, are associated with hemostasis, bowel formation, tissue remodeling, and wound healing. Although the prevalence of inherited platelet disorders is not fully known, it is a rare disease group and is encountered in approximately between 10000 and 1000000. Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) and Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) are more frequently observed in inherited platelet disorders. In GT, the platelet aggregation stage due to deficiency or dysfunction of the platelet GPIIb/IIIa complex cannot take place. BSS is a platelet adhesion disorder due to the absence or abnormality of GPIb/IX complex on the platelet surface. If there is bleeding after easy bruising, mucous and oral cavities, menorrhagia, tooth extraction, tonsillectomy, or other surgical interventions, inherited platelet dysfunction should be considered if the platelet count is normal while the bleeding time is long. Firstly, other causes should be investigated by making differential diagnosis of GT and BSS. In this chapter, the definition, etiology, historical process, epidemiology, genetic basis, pathophysiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and the follow-up and treatment approach of GT and BSS will be reviewed according to the current medical literature.
Fullerene Based Sensor and Biosensor Technologies
Authors: Deniz Ertuğrul Uygun Hilmiye , Onur Uygun Zihni
Published: August 2020

Sensor and biosensor technologies have shown rapid progress in recent years. These technologies use nanomaterials that have an important place in immobilization materials for recognition analyte molecules. Although fullerenes among these materials have attracted much attention in recent years, their number of studies is less than other carbon-based nanomaterials. Thanks to its completely closed structure and at least 30 double bonds, it can be modified from 30 points, which provides a great advantage. At these points, thanks to the ability to modify amine, thiol, carboxyl or metallic groups, modification residues can be created for all kinds of immobilization. According to the zero-dimensional nanomaterial class, fullerenes provide an extremely large surface area. Therefore, it provides more biological or non-biological recognition receptors immobilized on this surface area. Moreover, increasing the surface area with more recognition agent also increases the sensitivity. This is the most important parameter of sensor technologies, which is provided by fullerenes. In this book chapter, the development of fullerene-modified sensor and biosensor technologies are explained with examples, and fullerene modifications are given in figures as fullerene derivatives. Contribution was made in the method development stage by giving comparison of fullerene type sensor and biosensor systems.
Drug Repurposing in Dermatology: Molecular Biology and Omics Approach
Authors: A. Badria Farid , A. Elgazar Abdullah
Published: August 2020

The withdrawal of several blockbuster drugs due to severe adverse effects and the failure of several developed drugs in clinical trials raised questions about the efficacy of current approaches of drug discovery. Moreover, the limitation of resources and the long and costive process of drug discovery made a lot of pharmaceutical companies to employ drug repurposing strategies to get new insights about activities that were not considered during their initial discovery. The development of therapeutics for treatment of dermatological condition is not considered as priority although it affects the lifestyle of thousands of people around the world. Serendipity and observations have contributed significantly in this field but immerse efforts have been exerted to find systematic methods to identify new indications for drugs, especially with the unprecedented progress in molecular biology and omics. So, in this chapter, we will emphasize on different approaches used for drug repositioning and how it was applied to find new therapeutics for different dermatoses.
Various Methods for Removal, Treatment, and Detection of Emerging Water Contaminants
Authors: Norfazilah Wan Ismail Wan , Umairah Mokhtar Siti
Published: August 2020

This review covers various methods to remove, treat, and detect emerging contaminants (ECs) in water and wastewater. ECs have drawn the attention of many countries due to their potential threat to human health as well as the environment. They are found in many human everyday products that are continuously released into the environment and will accumulate over time. In order to remove ECs, a number of methods have been developed, which include adsorption, membrane technology, biological treatment, and advanced oxidation process. In addition, advances in detection techniques and instrumentation are now able to detect ECs in which they occur at low concentrations. All the removal, treatment, and detection methods will be covered in this review. The removal, treatment, and detection of ECs and their transformation products in water and wastewater are challenging tasks due to their complexity in water samples. Therefore, such information should be emphasized in order to improve the current methods and develop new advanced methods.
The Efficacy of a Peer-Led Versus Nurse-Led Self-Management on the Subjective Well-Being of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Azizi Maryam , Javan Najmeh , Mousavi Mirzaei Seyed Mohammad , Vagharseyyedin Seyyed Abolfazl
Published: August 2020

Background: Subjective well-being (SWB) can be a buffer against mental health problems. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) tend to experience low levels of subjective well-being. Objectives: The two objectives were (1) to examine whether peer-led and nurse-led self-management training can improve SWB of patients with MS and (2) to compare the effect of these two interventions on SWB of patients with MS. Methods: In this trial, 81 patients were randomly assigned to either nurse-led (n = 41) or peer-led (n = 40) groups. Both groups participated in six weekly-based 1.5‐hr self-management sessions. The cognitive and affective components of SWB were evaluated using the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Scale for Positive and Negative Experience, respectively. Results: Life satisfaction increased in both groups over time (P < 0.001), although it was not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). Positive and negative experiences increased in both groups over time (P < 0.05), but the increase in positive experience in the peer-led group was significantly larger than those in the nurse-led group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Peer-led and nurse-led self-management training, are feasible tools to enhance the cognitive component of SWB, i.e., life satisfaction. Considering the affective component of SWB, positive experience in the peer-led group improved better than in the nurse-led group over time. Therefore, if healthcare providers improve the SWB of patients with relapsing-remitting MS, the self-management intervention led by peers is preferred than nurse-led self-management training.
Drenagem urbana: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Caldeira Luiz Antônio Cardoso , Lima Diogo Pedreira
Published: August 2020

O crescente aumento da urbanização trouxe consigo problemas relacionados ao escoamento das águas, como por exemplo, a impermeabilização do solo. Na busca de solucionar estes problemas, a drenagem urbana é utilizada de maneira satisfatória para drenar as águas pluviais. Porém é importante que a gestão se atente para o desenvolvimento de um sistema de drenagem eficiente, que supra a necessidade de cada região. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura a respeito da importância da drenagem urbana. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão de literatura do tipo descritiva e abordagem qualitativa. A amostra deste estudo foi composta por monografias, dissertações, teses e artigo de publicação nacional, idioma em português e data de publicação compreendida entre os últimos cinco anos. Para o levantamento da amostra, utilizou-se a base de dados Google Acadêmico, por meio do uso das palavras chaves: drenagem urbana. Ao final concluiu-se que a drenagem urbana é um sistema preventivo de inundações e tem como objetivo minimizar os riscos à população, diminuindo os prejuízos provocados pelas enchentes e inundações, viabilizando o desenvolvimento urbano de maneira harmônica, sustentável e articulada.
Manutenção preventiva corretiva em edificações: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Mariano Gustavo Henrique Costa
Published: August 2020

A manutenção das edificações constitui-se de ações direcionadas aos elementos construtivos, equipamentos e instalações que formam todo o conjunto de um edifício e que proporcionam segurança, habitabilidade e eficiência proveniente de um projeto onde a execução e os materiais empregados terão maior vida útil decorrente da maneira de utilização. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura a respeito da importância da manutenção preventiva e corretiva em edificações. A metodologia utilizada para atingir o objetivo proposto foi a revisão de literatura. A pesquisa foi do tipo descritiva de abordagem qualitativa. A amostra desta revisão de literatura foi composta por monografias, dissertações, normas, artigos com publicações nacionais e data de publicação compreendida entre os últimos sete anos. A base de dados para levantamento dos artigos foi o Google Acadêmico. Os resultados demonstraram que a manutenção caracteriza-se por um fluxo constante de serviços padronizados e periódicos, como: limpeza, lavagem, consertos, adequações, dentre outros. Ao final concluiu-se que a manutenção preventiva é um tipo de manutenção onde as ações são previamente planejadas e a manutenção corretiva é realizada por meio de ações não planejadas, de maneira imediata, e tem como objetivo restaurar a capacidade funcional dos equipamentos ou dos sistemas que estão com problema.
Planejamento em BIM 4D comparado ao planejamento tradicional
Authors: Dias David Passos Barbosa
Published: August 2020

Uma das dimensões da metodologia BIM, o planejamento BIM 4D vem como um pujante diferencial quando comparado ao tratamento convencional de longos anos dado a este tema na construção civil. De maneira a tornar esta comparação vista no ambiente prático, este trabalho realizou um planejamento de uma construção de uma casa popular, com apenas um pavimento térreo, adicionando a simulação visual do cronograma em formato gráfico de Gantt/PERT-CPM no software Navisworks, o que é a nova ideia do planejamento em BIM 4D, e elencou as vantagens em relação ao processo tradicional. Com isso, o presente artigo, pelo fato de ser um pontapé inicial, busca atrair olhares de um extenso público-alvo, que vai desde estudantes de engenharia civil interessados na área do planejamento, a profissionais atuantes que almejam ingressar neste novo mundo da dimensão BIM 4D, acompanhados também do interesse dos donos de empresas construtoras, os quais buscam sempre pelo melhor controle do planejamento, gerenciamento e, consequentemente, dos custos de suas obras. No entanto, para se chegar ao objetivo final, passos prévios foram tomados, como a modelagem BIM 3D, no Revit, da disciplina de arquitetura, com a posterior vinculação desta com a de estrutura, de modo a servir como auxílio para a modelagem desta última; extração dos quantitativos de ambas as áreas no mesmo software para, depois, criar a planilha de orçamentação dos serviços. Além disso, concebeu-se o cronograma do projeto proposto no software MS Project e, com o intuito de estimar a duração em dias de cada atividade, elaborou-se o quadro de duração de atividades e de recursos. Posteriormente, exportaram-se os modelos 3D e o cronograma de barras para o Navisworks e, com as configurações necessárias neste, a simulação gráfica tornou-se possível. Por fim, o respectivo projeto atingiu o seu objetivo, evidenciando-se importantes vantagens em relação ao planejamento convencional, e pode-se dizer que contribui para a realização de mais pesquisas dentro da área BIM 4D, além de congregar outras dimensões, como 4D (tempo) e 5D (custo), para novos estudos.
Comparative analysis between steel and armed concrete structures
Authors: Zucolli Andressa Volpato , Santos Douglas Freitas Augusto dos
Published: August 2020

The execution of a building goes through several processes and stages in order to obtain the final result and with the construction of increasingly tall and slender buildings, the analysis of the structure becomes something of extreme importance for the safety, durability and good performance of a building. With civil construction in constant technological advances, several methods are presented to improve performance and project planning. Therefore, this article aims to present comparative methods of structural modeling and design in steel and reinforced concrete construction systems. Thus, the comparison between the two structural systems occurred with the aid of the Robot Structural Analysis 2020 and Revit 2020 software, two initial models were defined, namely, model I in reinforced concrete structure and model II in steel structure. For this assessment, the properties of the materials used, costs in relation to the materials, current standards and the agents that can influence the performance of the building, parameters such as global stability, displacement of elements and moments in the studied structural system were also considered. After processing both models, the results were analyzed and compared, demonstrating which of the methods is most viable and safe for execution.
Conflictividad socio- territorial en Quintana Roo, México: entre el turismo y la conservación de la naturaleza
Authors: Grisel Flores Sandra , Propín Frejomil Enrique
Published: August 2020

Las investigaciones sobre conflictividad social se han centrado en el ámbito social (desde la Sociología y Antropología) y en el ambiental (con la Ecología política y la Economía ecológica), dejando de lado procesos más amplios, siendo el caso de las reconfiguraciones territoriales. La presente investigación aborda la conflictividad socio- territorial desde la disciplina geográfica. Con ello se logra evidenciar la pertinencia de las herramientas conceptuales de la Geografía en el ámbito de los conflictos sociales, teniendo como caso de estudio la reconfiguración territorial del estado de Quintana Roo, México, a través de su conformación socio- histórica. En este contexto se exponen los conflictos que se generan actualmente por el enfrentamiento entre agentes sociales que pugnan por el desarrollo turístico y por la conservación de la naturaleza. El problema es abordado desde la metodología cualitativa y la revisión bibliográfica y documental.
Identificación y valoración de los puntos de interés didáctico del municipio de Águilas
Authors: Escaravajal Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Blázquez Perán Juana Ester
Published: August 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar y valorar los puntos de interés didáctico turístico existentes en Águilas. En cuanto a la metodología, mediante un diseño observacional, se ha utilizado el método cualitativo a través de una hoja de observación, para valorar diversos factores asociados a los puntos de interés. La muestra está compuesta por 59 bienes patrimoniales, y para el análisis de los datos se ha realizado una estadística descriptiva de frecuencias y porcentajes.  En base a los resultados obtenidos, se puede concluir que Águilas posee al menos 59 puntos de interés, éstos se encuentran en un estado de conservación principalmente desfavorable, la mayoría puede visitarse sin inconvenientes, un importante porcentaje no es accesible para personas con movilidad reducida y, además, la mayoría no posee información “in situ”. A partir de estos datos se pueden iniciar y valorar diversas propuestas para facilitar el acercamiento del patrimonio a los ciudadanos.

The aim of this project is to identify and assess every existent didactic point of interest in Águilas. Regarding the methodology, using an observational design, a qualitative method through an observation sheet has been employed; in order to assess different factors associated to these points of interest. The sample is made of 59 heritage assets and, for the data analysis, a descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages were created. According to the results, it can be concluded that Águilas has at least 59 points of interest, these are now in an unfavorable condition, and although the majority of them can be visited without any inconvenient, a significant percentage is not accessible to people with reduced mobility and moreover, the majority of them does not have on-site information. From this data we can start and assess several proposals in order to bring this heritage closer to the citizens
Mechanisms of property compensation to victims of crimes: experience of foreign countries
Authors: Panfilov Gleb
Published: August 2020

The subject of this research is the analysis of mechanisms of compensation for property damages causes by commission of a crime that are implemented in foreign legal systems. The object of this research is the texts of normative legal acts, case law materials from a number of European and Asian countries, as well as legal research on the topic. Familiarization with foreign experience of compensation for crime damages can present interest for Russian researchers, and serve as the basis for developing substantiated empirical recommendations on improvements to the system of current Russian legislation. The author determined a number of common development trends of the mechanisms of compensation of damages to the victims of crimes in foreign law. Among these trends are the recognition of the need to strengthen protection of the rights of victims; creation of several alternative mechanisms of compensation for criminal damages, with the choice left to the actual victim; creation of public compensation funds, intended to ensure reparation of the violated rights of citizens in cases where crime was unsolved or property of the criminal was insufficient to fully compensate damages incurred by the victim.
Foreign experience of application of special systems of restitution for damages to health as a result of work accidents and occupational diseases (on the example of Germany and Great Britain) and prospects of borrowing it by Russia
Authors: Kolesnichenko Ol'ga Viktorovna
Published: August 2020

The subject of this research is the legislation and practice of its implementation, as well as the legal doctrine of Russia, Germany and Great Britain on the existing special systems of compensation for damage inflicted to health as a result of work accidents and occupational diseases. The author examines the special systems of restitution for occupational damage that represent starkly different versions of implementation of basic models developed in global practice (Bismarck and Beveridge). Attention is focused on the key issues of compensation for occupational damage using the legal means available in the Russian Federation. Analysis is conducted on the existing foreign experience on the matter. The author’s special contribution to the research of the topic consists in the statement that for establishing balance within the system of restitution for occupational damage it is necessary to clearly demarcate the three types of compensations: guaranteed social security paid from the budget funds in terms of obligations assumed by government  to support vulnerable population groups; obligations in tort recovered from the tortfeasor, considering the grounds and limits of civil liability; insurance payments, which represent partial coverage of inflicted damage based on the terms of insurance contract. The scientific novelty lies in determination of the prospects for improving the national special system of restitution for occupational damage. It is substantiated that in such system the distribution of losses between different types of compensations should be based on the criteria of preferred form of compensation (payment in kind or financial compensation); legal nature of separate elements of reparation (incapacitation, occupational disease, etc.); type of payments (recurring or lump sum), purpose of compensation; calculation of payments.
The concept of civil responsibility of the members of board of directors
Authors: Murdalov Deni Ruslanovich
Published: August 2020

The object of this research is the definition of the concept of civil responsibility of the board of directors in corporations. The subject of this research is the theoretical positions of different scholars that correlated with the object in question. The author believes that the topic of responsibility of the members of board of directors requires further examination, since case law on this problematic is relatively small, and essence of the topic carries practical, rather than theoretical character. Therefore, special relevance gains definition of the concept of civil responsibility applicable to responsibility of the members of board of directors in corporations. The author offers an original definition of civil responsibility of the members of board of directors in limited liability companies and joint-stock companies; as well as describes financial negative consequences of for violation of responsibilities imposed upon the members of board of directors by corporate legislation and articles of association. A conclusion is made that the definition of responsibility of the members of board of directors is not unique, as in essence similar by content definition can be used with regards to responsibility of any corporate body in the limited liability companies and joint-stock companies respectively.
Trichophyton rubrum DNA Strains in Patients with Onychomycosis with Persistent Mixed Infections Involving a Nondermatophyte Mold
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Nakrieko Kerry-Ann
Published: August 2020

Background

Onychomycosis is estimated to occur in approximately 10% of the global population, with most cases caused by Trichophyton rubrum. Some persistent onychomycosis is caused by mixed infections of T rubrum and one or more co-infecting nondermatophyte molds (NDMs). In onychomycosis, T rubrum strain types may naturally switch and may also be triggered to switch in response to antifungal therapy. T rubrum strain types in mixed infections of onychomycosis have not been characterized.

Methods

T rubrum DNA strains in mixed infections of onychomycosis containing co-infecting NDMs were compared with a baseline North American population through polymerase chain reaction amplification of ribosomal DNA tandemly repetitive subelements (TRSs) 1 and 2. The baseline DNA strain types were determined from 102 clinical isolates of T rubrum. The T rubrum DNA strain types from mixed infections were determined from 63 repeated toenail samples from 15 patients.

Results

Two unique TRS-2 types among the clinical isolates contributed to four unique TRS-1 and TRS-2 strain types. Six TRS-1 and TRS-2 strain types represented 92% of the clinical isolates of T rubrum. Four TRS-1 and TRS-2 strain types accounted for 100% of the T rubrum within mixed infections.

Conclusions

Four unique North American T rubrum strains were identified. In support of a shared ancestry, the T rubrum DNA strain types found in mixed infections with NDMs were among the most abundant types. A population of T rubrum strains in mixed infections of onychomycosis has been characterized, with more than one strain detected in some nails. The presence of a co-infecting NDM in mixed infections may contribute to failed therapy by stabilizing the T rubrum strain type, possibly preventing the antifungal therapy–induced strain type switching observed with infections caused by T rubrum alone.
Intrinsic control of neuronal diversity and synaptic specificity in a proprioceptive circuit
Authors: Shin Maggie M , Catela Catarina , Dasen Jeremy
Published: August 2020

Relay of muscle-derived sensory information to the CNS is essential for the execution of motor behavior, but how proprioceptive sensory neurons (pSNs) establish functionally appropriate connections is poorly understood. A prevailing model of sensory-motor circuit assembly is that peripheral, target-derived, cues instruct pSN identities and patterns of intraspinal connectivity. To date no known intrinsic determinants of muscle-specific pSN fates have been described in vertebrates. We show that expression of Hox transcription factors defines pSN subtypes, and these profiles are established independently of limb muscle. TheHoxc8gene is expressed by pSNs and motor neurons (MNs) targeting distal forelimb muscles, and sensory-specific depletion ofHoxc8in mice disrupts sensory-motor synaptic matching, without affecting pSN survival or muscle targeting. These results indicate that the diversity and central specificity of pSNs and MNs are regulated by a common set of determinants, thus linking early rostrocaudal patterning to the assembly of limb control circuits.
Ca2+-dependent release of synaptotagmin-1 from the SNARE complex on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-containing membranes
Authors: Voleti Rashmi , Jaczynska Klaudia , Rizo Josep
Published: August 2020

The Ca2+sensor synaptotagmin-1 and the SNARE complex cooperate to trigger neurotransmitter release. Structural studies elucidated three distinct synaptotagmin-1-SNARE complex binding modes involving ‘polybasic’, ‘primary’ and ‘tripartite’ interfaces of synaptotagmin-1. We investigated these interactions using NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. Synaptotagmin-1 binds to the SNARE complex through the polybasic and primary interfaces in solution. Ca2+-free synaptotagmin-1 binds to SNARE complexes anchored on PIP2-containing nanodiscs. R398Q/R399Q and E295A/Y338W mutations at the primary interface, which strongly impair neurotransmitter release, disrupt and enhance synaptotagmin-1-SNARE complex binding, respectively. Ca2+induces tight binding of synaptotagmin-1 to PIP2-containing nanodiscs, disrupting synaptotagmin-1-SNARE interactions. Specific effects of mutations in the polybasic region on Ca2+-dependent synaptotagmin-1-PIP2-membrane interactions correlate with their effects on release. Our data suggest that synaptotagmin-1 binds to the SNARE complex through the primary interface and that Ca2+releases this interaction, inducing PIP2/membrane binding and allowing cooperation between synaptotagmin-1 and the SNAREs in membrane fusion to trigger release.
TBX3 acts as tissue-specific component of the Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional complex
Authors: Zimmerli Dario , Borrelli Costanza , Jauregi-Miguel Amaia , Söderholm Simon , Brütsch Salome , Doumpas Nikolaos , Reichmuth Jan , Murphy-Seiler Fabienne , Aguet MIchel , Basler Konrad , Moor Andreas E , Cantù Claudio
Published: August 2020

BCL9 and PYGO are β-catenin cofactors that enhance the transcription of Wnt target genes. They have been proposed as therapeutic targets to diminish Wnt signaling output in intestinal malignancies. Here we find that, in colorectal cancer cells and in developing mouse forelimbs, BCL9 proteins sustain the action of β-catenin in a largely PYGO-independent manner. Our genetic analyses implied that BCL9 necessitates other interaction partners in mediating its transcriptional output. We identified the transcription factor TBX3 as a candidate tissue-specific member of the β-catenin transcriptional complex. In developing forelimbs, both TBX3 and BCL9 occupy a large number of Wnt-responsive regulatory elements, genome-wide. Moreover, mutations in Bcl9 affect the expression of TBX3 targets in vivo, and modulation of TBX3 abundance impacts on Wnt target genes transcription in a β-catenin- and TCF/LEF-dependent manner. Finally, TBX3 overexpression exacerbates the metastatic potential of Wnt-dependent human colorectal cancer cells. Our work implicates TBX3 as context-dependent component of the Wnt/β-catenin-dependent transcriptional complex.
Binding mechanism of the matrix domain of HIV-1 gag on lipid membranes
Authors: Monje-Galvan Viviana , Voth Gregory A
Published: August 2020

Specific protein-lipid interactions are critical for viral assembly. We present a molecular dynamics simulation study on the binding mechanism of the membrane targeting domain of HIV-1 Gag protein. The matrix (MA) domain drives Gag onto the plasma membrane through electrostatic interactions at its highly-basic-region (HBR), located near the myristoylated (Myr) N-terminus of the protein. Our study suggests Myr insertion is involved in the sorting of membrane lipids around the protein-binding site to prepare it for viral assembly. Our realistic membrane models confirm interactions with PIP2 and PS lipids are highly favored around the HBR and are strong enough to keep the protein bound even without Myr insertion. We characterized Myr insertion events from microsecond trajectories and examined the membrane response upon initial membrane targeting by MA. Insertion events only occur with one of the membrane models, showing a combination of surface charge and internal membrane structure modulate this process.
Cartoons in Romanian humorous news
Authors: Soare Nicoleta Andreea
Published: August 2020

Studying cartoons in Romanian humorous news is a great way to underline the diversity of humour’s mechanisms and construction. The common topic of cartoons in Romanian media is politics, but there are also a great number of cartoons exploring subjects such as art, science, society or famous people. Unlike verbal humour, wherein incongruities are text-based, in cartoons, incongruities can emerge through the interaction of image and text, between two elements in the image, or even between the texts in the balloons (Hempelmann & Samson 2008). The present study aims at analysing how humour emerges differently, depending on their topic, in cartoons created by the Romanian humorous media websites Times New Roman and Academia Catavencu, as these have been the two of the most controversial humorous news websites for quite some time. I intend to argue that, when it comes to political cartoons, the methods of humour are quite complex, equally relying on the image and the text, using polysemy, paronymy or syllepsis to create humour, while cartoons about society or gossip are usually based on implicitness and exaggeration, mostly found in images and symbols, as the targeted topics or people do not require such a complex background in order to make readers laugh. I have also observed that cartoons that rely less on text have more powerful symbols, which are full of various significations that help the readers make all the necessary connections to correctly interpret the image.
Funny or distasteful? A cross-cultural perspective on surprise and humour in multimodal advertising
Authors: Stwora Anna
Published: August 2020

Today’s infotainment clutter puts pressure on advertisers to come up with more surprising and more memorable ads. This need for novelty, creativity, and astonishment does set the expectation bar high, steering ads towards various means of eliciting surprise, including humour, shock, and taboo. In this paper, the author will try to investigate a set of multimodal advertising messages which use (debatable) humour and surprise, with a view to finding trans-cultural similarities and differences in terms of ad appreciation. The primary objective of this paper is to explore attitudinal responses of Taiwanese informants to controversial humorous advertisements in English; to this end, an online survey was conducted to ask them about their interpretations of and feelings towards a selection of ads. Its results will be compared with those obtained from Polish respondents, described in the author’s previous study (Stwora 2020).
Exploring the classification of cancer cell lines from multiple omic views
Authors: Yang Xiaoxi , Wen Yuqi , Song Xinyu , He Song , Bo Xiaochen
Published: August 2020

Background

Cancer classification is of great importance to understanding its pathogenesis, making diagnosis and developing treatment. The accumulation of extensive omics data of abundant cancer cell line provide basis for large scale classification of cancer with low cost. However, the reliability of cell lines as in vitro models of cancer has been controversial.

Methods

In this study, we explore the classification on pan-cancer cell line with single and integrated multiple omics data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database. The representative omics data of cancer, mRNA data, miRNA data, copy number variation data, DNA methylation data and reverse-phase protein array data were taken into the analysis. TumorMap web tool was used to illustrate the landscape of molecular classification.The molecular classification of patient samples was compared with cancer cell lines.

Results

Eighteen molecular clusters were identified using integrated multiple omics clustering. Three pan-cancer clusters were found in integrated multiple omics clustering. By comparing with single omics clustering, we found that integrated clustering could capture both shared and complementary information from each omics data. Omics contribution analysis for clustering indicated that, although all the five omics data were of value, mRNA and proteomics data were particular important. While the classifications were generally consistent, samples from cancer patients were more diverse than cancer cell lines.

Conclusions

The clustering analysis based on integrated omics data provides a novel multi-dimensional map of cancer cell lines that can reflect the extent to pan-cancer cell lines represent primary tumors, and an approach to evaluate the importance of omic features in cancer classification.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals ethylene signal transduction genes involved in pistil development of pumpkin
Authors: Li Qingfei , Zhang Li , Pan Feifei , Guo Weili , Chen Bihua , Yang Helian , Wang Guangyin , Li Xinzheng
Published: August 2020

Development of female flowers is an important process that directly affects the yield of Cucubits. Little information is available on the sex determination and development of female flowers in pumpkin, a typical monoecious plant. In the present study, we used aborted and normal pistils of pumpkin for RNA-Seq analysis and determined the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to gain insights into the molecular mechanism underlying pistil development in pumpkin. A total of 3,817 DEGs were identified, among which 1,341 were upregulated and 2,476 were downregulated. The results of transcriptome analysis were confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. Eighty-four DEGs were enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, which accounted for 12.54% of the significant DEGs, and most of them were annotated as predicted ethylene responsive or insensitive transcription factor genes. Furthermore, the expression levels of four ethylene signal transduction genes in different flower structures (female calyx, pistil, male calyx, stamen, leaf, and ovary) were investigated. The ethyleneresponsive DNA binding factor, ERDBF3, and ethylene responsive transcription factor, ERTF10, showed the highest expression in pistils and the lowest expression in stamens, and their expression levels were 78- and 162-times more than that in stamens, respectively. These results suggest that plant hormone signal transduction genes, especially ethylene signal transduction genes, play an important role in the development of pistils in pumpkin. Our study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding of the mechanism of regulation of ethylene signal transduction genes in pistil development and sex determination in pumpkin.