bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Lin−c-Kit+NKp46−CD4− Population Strongly Produces IL-22 upon IL-1β Stimulation
Authors: Lee Youngae , Kumagai Yutaro , Jang Min Seong , Kim Jung-Hwan , Yang Bo-Gie , Lee Eun-Jung , Kim You-Me , Akira Shizuo , Jang Myoung Ho
Published: April 2013

Small intestinal innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) regulate intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis and help to prevent pathogenic bacterial infections by producing IL-22. In a global gene-expression analysis comparing small intestinal ILCs (Lin−c-Kit+Sca-1− cells) with non-ILCs (Lin−c-Kit−Sca-1− cells), we found that Lin−c-Kit+Sca-1− cells highly expressed the mRNAs for Il22, antimicrobial peptides, Csf2rb2 (Il3r), mast cell proteases, and Rorc. We then subdivided the Lin−c-Kit+Sca-1− cells into three groups—Lin−c-Kit+NKp46−CD4−, Lin−c-Kit+NKp46−CD4+ (CD4+ LTi-like cells), and Lin−c-Kit+NKp46+ (NKp46+ ILC22 cells)—and showed that the Lin−c-Kit+NKp46−CD4− cells produced the highest level of IL-22 protein after IL-1β, IL-23, or IL-1β and IL-23 stimulation. In addition, we showed that the majority of the Lin−c-Kit+NKp46−CD4− population was IL-7Rα+CD34−β7int cells, and IL-7Rα− cells could be divided into three subsets (CD34+β7int, CD34−β7int, and CD34intβ7hi cells). The IL-7Rα+CD34−β7int cells strongly expressed the transcripts for Il17f and Il22 after costimulation with IL-1β and IL-23. The IL-7Rα−CD34+β7int and IL-7Rα−CD34intβ7hi cells predominantly expressed the transcripts for mast cell proteases and differentiated almost entirely into mast cells after 1 wk in culture medium supplemented with a cytokine mixture, whereas the IL-7Rα−CD34−β7int cells highly expressed α-defensins and showed no differentiation. Taken together, these findings indicate that the IL-7Rα−CD34+β7int and IL-7Rα−CD34intβ7hi populations are mast cell progenitors, and the IL-7Rα+CD34−β7int (CD4− LTi-like cells) and IL-7Rα−CD34-β7int populations within Lin−c-Kit+NKp46−CD4− cells may control intestinal homeostasis and provide intestinal protection by producing high levels of IL-22 and α-defensins, respectively.
The Lukan covenant concept: The basis of Israel�s mandate in Luke-Acts
Authors: Kovaks Frank , Gosling John , Viljoen Francois
Published: April 2013

Upon analysis of Luke�s Gospel and the Acts of the Apostles conjoined theoretically in the reading event, the basis of Israel�s mandate became pellucid in Lukan terms. This kind of analysis required the viable assumption of conceptual unity behind the gospel and Acts, and the application of the appropriate methodological approach of structural criticism. Morpho-syntactical analysis yielded positive results that suggested text-based evidence concerning Israel�s calling. It was observed that the covenant concept presented in its operative aspect of service to God was the basis of Israel�s mandate. Luke and Acts appeared to agree that Israel was called to live in obedient righteousness following the call to Abraham to walk blamelessly. The covenant-based calling was affirmed by Isaianic allusions to Israel�s mandate to be a light to the nations in her righteousness. The mandate�s disruption had disabled Israel, requiring the resolution of God�s deliverance.
Utility of Experimental Design in Pre-Column Derivatization for the Analysis of Tobramycin by HPLC—Fluorescence Detection: Application to Ophthalmic Solution and Human Plasma
Authors: El-Zaher Asmaa A. , Mahrouse Marianne A.
Published: April 2013

A novel, selective, and sensitive reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method coupled with fluorescence detection has been developed for the determination of tobramycin (TOB) in pure form, in ophthalmic solution and in spiked human plasma. Since TOB lacks UV absorbing chromophores and native fluorescence, pre -column derivatization of TOB was carried out using fluorescamine reagent (0.01%, 1.5 mL) and borate buffer (pH 8.5, 2 mL). Experimental design was applied for optimization of the derivatization step. The resulting highly fluorescent stable derivative was chromatographed on C18 column and eluted using methanol:water (60:40, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1. A fluorescence detector (λex 390 and λem 480 nm) was used. The method was linear over the concentration range 20-200 ng mL−1. The structure of the fluorescent product was proposed, the method was then validated and applied for the determination of TOB in human plasma. The results were statistically compared with the reference method, revealing no significant difference.
Serological Diagnosis of North American Paragonimiasis by Western Blot Using Paragonimus kellicotti Adult Worm Antigen
Authors: Fischer Peter U. , Curtis Kurt C. , Folk Scott M. , Wilkins Patricia P. , Marcos Luis A. , Weil Gary J.
Published: April 2013

We studied the value of an IgG Western blot (WB) with Paragonimus kellicotti (Pk) antigen for diagnosis of North American paragonimiasis. The test was evaluated with sera from patients with Pk and Paragonimus westermani infections, with control sera from patients with other helminth infections, and sera from healthy Americans. All 11 proven Pk infection sera and two samples from suspected cases that were negative by P. westermani WB at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) contained antibodies to antigens at 34 kDa and at 21/23 kDa. Seven of 7 P. westermani sera contained antibodies to the 34 kDa antigen, but only 2 recognized the 21/23 kDa doublet. No control samples were reactive with these antigens. Antibody reactivity declined after praziquantel treatment. Thus, the P. kellicotti WB appears to be superior to P. westermani WB for diagnosing Pk infections, and it may be useful for assessing responses to treatment.
Management of Alveolar Osteitis: A Comparative Study of Two-Treatment Techniques
Authors: Anyanechi Charles Ezechukwu
Published: April 2013

Background

The traditional method for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) has its shortcomings in clinical dental practice as it takes long duration with frequent visits by the patients for completion of treatment. Objective is to determine the outcome of treatment using two techniques on patients who presented with alveolar osteitis following forceps dental extractions.

Materials and Methods

This is a 3-year prospective study of 42 patients with alveolar osteitis seen at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Following irrigation of the extraction sockets with dilute hydrogen peroxide, the sockets and surrounding gingival tissues were debrided to promote the reestablishment of the blood clot in the radical group, while in the traditional method, they were dressed with gauze impregnated with mixture of zinc oxide/eugenol.

Results

The age of patients ranged from 14 to 52 years, with the majority between 21 and 40 years (n = 27, 64.2%). There were 24 (57.1%) females and 18 (42.9%) males with a male to female ratio of 1:1.3. More extraction sockets with alveolar osteitis were recorded in the mandible (n = 35, 83.3%) than the maxilla (n = 7, 16.7%); and in both jaws, the molar sockets (76.2%) were predominant.

Conclusion

There is reduction in the duration of treatment in the radical group of patients when compared with those treated traditionally. This alternative treatment is safe and reliable and can be utilized by the practitioner who runs a busy clinic to save time. However, randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to validate this new technique.

How to cite this article

Anyanechi CE. Management of Alveolar Osteitis: A Comparative Study of Two-Treatment Techniques. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(1):11-14.
Wilckodontics
Authors: Kini Vineet , Kanagotagi Sachin , Gupta Himani , Pathak Tushar Sakal , Balasubramanian Karthik
Published: April 2013

Wilckodontics is also known as periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO). The periodontium is a dynamic tissue and regulation of its remodeling gives an edge in the traditional orthodontic treatment. The synergistic effort from the periodontic and orthodontic fields in the PAOO technique can shorten the conventional orthodontic treatment time to 3 to 9 months. This technique has roots in orthopedics, dating back to the early 1900s. Only recently, it was modified to assist in straightening teeth and fix bites. This article will help you to understand the indications, contraindications and the technicalities of Wilckodontics.

How to cite this article

Pathak TS, Kini V, Kanagotagi S, Balasubramanian K, Gupta H. Wilckodontics. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(1):15-19.
The Incipient Caries
Authors: Agarwal Deepti , Machale Priyanka Sambhajirao , Hegde-Shetiya Sahana
Published: April 2013

Caries lesion progression is highly dynamic process characterized by alternating periods of dissolution and redeposition of minerals in the dental hard tissue. When outcome of these processes overtime is a net loss of mineral, a caries lesion develops or progresses. However, when redeposition of mineral predominates, the result may be arrest of lesion progression or remineralization. Clinical observations suggest that caries lesion can be arrested at any stage of lesion development provided that clinically plaque-free conditions are maintained. Hence, the profession must become aware of the importance of identifying the early evidence of disease. The effective dentistry requires early identification of disease, early identification of individual at high risk of developing caries so that they may receive early preventive intervention. The profession needs understand pattern of disease distribution and its determinants and should put efforts for its early caries detection and preventive management strategies.

How to cite this article

Machale PS, Hegde-Shetiya S, Agarwal D. The Incipient Caries. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(1): 20-24.
Calcifying Cystic Odontogenic Tumor with Compound Odontoma
Authors: Galinde Jyotsna , Poonja LS , Sidana Sunil , Poonja Kartik
Published: April 2013

Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT) previously known as calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is a relatively rare lesion. It was first reported as a separate pathologic entity by Gorlin et al in 1962 as a likely analog of the cutaneous calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe or pilomatricoma. Because of the diverse clinicohistologic features and the various neoplastic potential, there have been disagreements on the terminology as well as whether to classify CCOTs as a cyst or a neoplasm. CCOT is frequently associated with other lesions, such as odontoma, ameloblastoma and ameloblastic fibroma, and the most common of these is the CCOT-associated odontoma (CCOTaO). CCOTaO tends to occur in the anterior portion of upper jaw and occurs in younger age group as compared to other types. We present a case of CCOTaO in the posterior mandible of a 23-year-old male.

How to cite this article

Sidana S, Poonja K, Galinde J, Poonja LS. Calcifying Cystic Odontogenic Tumor with Compound Odontoma. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(1):36-39.
Corrosion of Type 316L Stainless Steel Piping in Synthetic Gas Plants
Authors: Lee Sungkyu , Chung Seok-Woo , Lee Seung-Jong , Yun Yongseung
Published: April 2013

Corrosion behavior of Type 316L (UNS S31603) stainless steel piping used in integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant facilities processing coal (0.9 MPa to 1.1 MPa and 150°C to 300°C) and industrial waste (0.11 MPa and 40°C to 60°C) was explained using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and a thermodynamic Ellingham-Pourbaix stability diagram. Material wastage and pitting were observed on the inner wall of Type 316L stainless steel piping used in Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE) coal and industrial waste syngas plant facilities after 720 h and 170 h (total hours) of operation, respectively. Relevant corrosion mechanism was suggested based on SEM/EDS examination and thermodynamic inferences: the observed material wastage and corrosion behavior of the Type 316L piping material cut off from the coal syngas IGCC plant were explained by combined effects of evaporation of iron chlorides and subsequent transformation into thin oxides. On the other hand, the pitting corrosion phenomenon observed on the inner wall of Type 316L piping cut off from industrial waste processing IGCC plant was attributed to modified pitting mechanism caused by the preferential growth of corrosion pits in horizontal direction under aqueous condensate environment containing hydrochloric acid (HCl).
Galvanic Test Panels for Accelerated Corrosion Testing of Coated Al Alloys: Part 1—Concept
Authors: Matzdorf C.A. , Nickerson W.C. , Rincon Troconis B.C. , Frankel G.S. , Li Longfei , Buchheit R.G.
Published: April 2013

A test sample incorporating a coated and scribed Al alloy panel and uncoated through-hole fasteners was designed to provide accelerated response during atmospheric corrosion testing in the field or in laboratory chambers. Protective coatings that would take many months to show signs of degradation on normal scribed samples with no galvanic connection exhibited corrosion in much shorter times when uncoated Ti alloy or stainless steel fasteners were used, particularly in conjunction with scribes through the coating. The results after three weeks of exposure to ASTM B117 correlated well with long-term beach exposure, allowing rapid ranking of different coating systems. Of the fastener materials studied, visual observation indicated that the worst attack occurred near Type 316 (UNS S31600) stainless steel (SS316) fasteners even though Ti-6Al-4V fasteners are more noble. The volume of AA2024-T3 (UNS A92024) lost during the exposure, as determined by an optical profilometer, was also largest for samples with SS316 fasteners. Scanning Kelvin probe measurements across the scribes on one of the coating systems showed that, after exposure in an ASTM B117 salt fog chamber, the potential was lowest for scribes next to SS316 fasteners. The difference between SS316 and Ti-6Al-4V was explained by the available cathodic current, which was measured in chloride solution.
Evolução histórica da pesquisa em Marketing Internacional no Brasil
Authors: Galvão Franciani Fernandes , Steiner Neto Pedro José
Published: April 2013

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo identificar e descrever o estágio em que se encontra a produção científica a respeito do Marketing Internacional no Brasil. Por meio de meta-análise qualitativa, foram verificadas 70 pesquisas publicadas, sendo 42 artigos de periódicos e eventos nacionais da área de administração e 28 teses e dissertações desenvolvidas em Instituições de Ensino Superior brasileiras com cursos de mestrado e doutorado com conceito Capes 4 até 7 na área de Administração. A pesquisa descritiva foi desenvolvida pela aplicação de meta-análise qualitativa com perspectiva longitudinal com corte transversal, levantando 10 variáveis que foram analisadas individualmente, ordenadas por artigo, tese e dissertação, tendo-se partido   para a análise de períodos estabelecidos pela segmentação de 14 anos de estudo (1997-2010). As conclusões levaram ao entendimento de que as pesquisas científicas na área de Marketing Internacional ainda são poucas, porém, apresentam crescimento. São ainda desenvolvidas em empresas do setor industrial, com perspectiva metodológica descritiva e exploratória e apresentaram-se predominantemente como survey, com coleta de dados eminentemente feita por entrevista estruturada e com direcionamento, concentrando-se em poucos autores.
Does foreign direct investment cause higher levels of productivity or do higher levels of productivity attract foreign direct investment? A study in transforming brazilian industry
Authors: Pereira Nádia Campos , Calegario Cristina Lelis Leal , Reis Ricardo Pereira
Published: April 2013

With this research, it was aimed to investigate the factors that determine the investment decision of foreign investors in the Brazilian industry. Evidence shows that foreign investors are attracted not only by more productive and best performing sectors, but depending on the adopted strategy, they may choose investment projects in sectors that have lower performance levels which offer the potential for growth and the and improvement of efficiency levels and capacity. Granger causality test indicated that not only foreign investment gives more productivity gains, but also this productivity induces more foreign investment inputs. Foreign investors are also attracted by those sectors, which use their assets in an inefficient way in order to generate profits. These sectors may be attractive to foreign investors that want to invest in a more aggressive growth policy in order to get advantages on the availability of inefficiently used assets. These sectors may be also attractive targets to investors who seek to compete directly in relatively less competitive sectors.
Improved quantification of microbial CH4 oxidation efficiency in arctic wetland soils using carbon isotope fractionation
Authors: Preuss I. , Knoblauch C. , Gebert J. , Pfeiffer E.-M.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. Permafrost-affected tundra soils are significant sources of the climate-relevant trace gas methane (CH4). The observed accelerated warming of the arctic will cause deeper permafrost thawing, followed by increased carbon mineralization and CH4 formation in water-saturated tundra soils, thus creating a positive feedback to climate change. Aerobic CH4 oxidation is regarded as the key process reducing CH4 emissions from wetlands, but quantification of turnover rates has remained difficult so far. The application of carbon stable isotope fractionation enables the in situ quantification of CH4 oxidation efficiency in arctic wetland soils. The aim of the current study is to quantify CH4 oxidation efficiency in permafrost-affected tundra soils in Russia's Lena River delta based on stable isotope signatures of CH4. Therefore, depth profiles of CH4 concentrations and δ13CH4 signatures were measured and the fractionation factors for the processes of oxidation (αox) and diffusion (αdiff) were determined. Most previous studies employing stable isotope fractionation for the quantification of CH4 oxidation in soils of other habitats (such as landfill cover soils) have assumed a gas transport dominated by advection (αtrans = 1). In tundra soils, however, diffusion is the main gas transport mechanism and diffusive stable isotope fractionation should be considered alongside oxidative fractionation. For the first time, the stable isotope fractionation of CH4 diffusion through water-saturated soils was determined with an αdiff = 1.001 ± 0.000 (n = 3). CH4 stable isotope fractionation during diffusion through air-filled pores of the investigated polygonal tundra soils was αdiff = 1.013 ± 0.003 (n = 18). Furthermore, it was found that αox differs widely between sites and horizons (mean αox = 1.017 ± 0.009) and needs to be determined on a case by case basis. The impact of both fractionation factors on the quantification of CH4 oxidation was analyzed by considering both the potential diffusion rate under saturated and unsaturated conditions and potential oxidation rates. For a submerged, organic-rich soil, the data indicate a CH4 oxidation efficiency of 50% at the anaerobic–aerobic interface in the upper horizon. The improved in situ quantification of CH4 oxidation in wetlands enables a better assessment of current and potential CH4 sources and sinks in permafrost-affected ecosystems and their potential strengths in response to global warming.
Spatial variations in the Kuroshio nutrient transport from the East China Sea to south of Japan
Authors: Guo X. Y. , Zhu X.-H. , Long Y. , Huang D. J.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. Based on absolute geostrophic velocity calculated from repeated hydrographic data of 39 cruises from 2000 to 2009 and nitrate concentrations measured at the same sections from 1964 to 2011, we obtained temporally averaged nitrate flux (the product of velocity and nitrate concentration) and nitrate transport (integration of flux over a section) through 4 sections along the Kuroshio path from the East China Sea (sections PN and TK) to south of Japan (sections ASUKA and 137E). In addition, we examined section OK east of the Ryukyu Islands in order to understand the contribution of Ryukyu Current to the Kuroshio nutrient transport south of Japan. The mean nitrate flux shows a subsurface maximum core with a value of 10, 10, 11, 11, and 6 mol m–2 s–1 at sections PN, TK, ASUKA, 137E, and OK, respectively. The depth of subsurface maximum core changes among five sections and is approximately 400, 500, 500, 400, and 800 m at sections PN, TK, ASUKA, 137E, and OK respectively. The mean downstream nitrate transport is 199.3, 176.3, 909.2, 1385.5, and 341.2 kmol m–1 at sections PN, TK, ASUKA, 137E, and OK respectively. The nutrient transports at these sections suggest the presence of Kuroshio nutrient stream from its upstream region to downstream. The deep current structure of Ryukyu Current (section OK) makes it contribute more nitrate transport than the Kuroshio in the East China Sea (section TK) to the Kuroshio south of Japan. In addition, the positive difference between the downstream nitrate transport through section ASUKA and the sum of nitrate transports through sections TK and OK, as well as the positive difference of downstream nitrate transport between sections 137E and ASUKA, suggest that the Kuroshio recirculation significantly intensifies the downstream (eastward) nitrate transport by the Kuroshio.
New constraints on the geometry of the subducting African plate and the overriding Aegean plate obtained from P receiver functions and seismicity
Authors: Sodoudi F. , Bruestle A. , Meier T. , Kind R. , Friederich W. ,   EGELADOS working group
Published: April 2013

Abstract. New combined P receiver functions and seismicity data obtained from the EGELADOS network employing 65 stations within the Aegean constrained new information on the geometry of the Hellenic subduction zone. The dense network and large dataset enabled us to accurately estimate the Moho of the continental Aegean plate across the whole area. Presence of a negative contrast at the Moho boundary indicating the serpentinized mantle wedge above the subducting African plate was clearly seen along the entire forearc. Furthermore, low seismicity was observed within the serpentinized mantle wedge. We found a relatively thick continental crust (30–43 km) with a maximum thickness of about 48 km beneath the Peloponnesus Peninsula, whereas a thinner crust of about 27–30 km was observed beneath western Turkey. The crust of the overriding plate is thinning beneath the southern and central Aegean (Moho depth 23–27 km). Moreover, P receiver functions significantly imaged the subducted African Moho as a strong converted phase down to a depth of 180 km. However, the converted Moho phase appears to be weak for the deeper parts of the African plate suggesting reduced dehydration and nearly complete phase transitions of crustal material into denser phases. We show the subducting African crust along 8 profiles covering the whole southern and central Aegean. Seismicity of the western Hellenic subduction zone was taken from the relocated EHB-ISC catalogue, whereas for the eastern Hellenic subduction zone, we used the catalogues of manually picked hypocenter locations of temporary networks within the Aegean. P receiver function profiles significantly revealed in good agreement with the seismicity a low dip angle slab segment down to 200 km depth in the west. Even though, the African slab seems to be steeper in the eastern Aegean and can be followed down to 300 km depth implying lower temperatures and delayed dehydration towards larger depths in the eastern slab segment. Our results showed that the transition between the western and eastern slab segments is located beneath the southeastern Aegean crossing eastern Crete and the Karpathos basin. High resolution P receiver functions also clearly resolved the top of a strong low velocity zone (LVZ) at about 60 km depth. This LVZ is interpreted as asthenosphere below the Aegean continental lithosphere and above the subducting slab. Thus the Aegean mantle lithosphere seems to be 30–40 km thick, which means that its thickness increased again since the removal of the mantle lithosphere about 15 to 35 Ma ago.
Western Faculty Profile: Dr. Jimmy Dikeakos
Authors: Sidiura Tarandeep
Published: April 2013

Dr. Jimmy Dikeakos is currently an Assistant Professor of Microbiology and Immunology at the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry at the University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario. He is a researcher at the Siebens Drake Medical Institute where he is working on the HIV protein NEF. He has been trained in various fields of biology which include biochemistry, structural biology and virology.
Dr. Dikeakos is a Montreal native who graduated with a Bachelor’s of Science degree from McGill University with a specialization in biochemistry. He then went on to obtain a PhD in biochemistry from the Université de Montréal, and completed a post postdoctoral fellowship at the Vollum Institute in Portland, Oregan specializing in HIV pathogensis. WURJ coordinator, Tarandeep Sidiura, currently works with Dr. Dikeakos and had the chance to interview him.
Western Faculty Profile: Dr. Derek McLachlin
Authors: Xu Ellen Y , Yip Cheryl Y
Published: April 2013

Dr. Derek McLachlin is an assistant professor in the Department of Biochemistry at Western University. He obtained his PhD at Western University for his work on the quatenary structure of E. coli ATP synthase. Dr. McLachlin did his post-doctoral studies at Rockefeller University in New York City, where he analyzed phosphorylated peptides from complex mixtures. Ellen Xu and Cheryl Yip had the chance to interview him to learn more about his research and his time as a professor at Western.
A Novel Electrospun Nano-fabric Graft Allows Early Cannulation Access and Reduces Exposure to Central Venous Catheters
Authors: Karatepe Celalettin , Altinay Levent , Yetim Tulin Durgun , Dagli Celalettin , Dursun Suat
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The use of tunneled central venous catheters (CVC) as vascular access for hemodialysis treatment is increasing worldwide. We present a novel polycarbonate urethane nano-fabric graft, produced by electrospinning technology, which has self-sealing features that avoid seroma formation and allow puncturing within 48 hours. The aim of this study was to assess its advantages in a setting where late referral is common.

Methods

A retrospective single center study assessed 24 implanted grafts in 24 patients with maximal follow-up of 18 months; patency rates, time to first cannulation and post-operative complications were assessed.

Results

Successful access was achieved in all 24 patients within 48 hours. In 50% of the patients cannulation was performed within 24 hours without increasing the complication rate. Twelve month primary and secondary patencies were 50% and 70.8%, respectively. Excluding early failures (within 30 days) because of surgical problems, 12 month primary and secondary patencies were 75% and 81.2% respectively. Complication and infection rates were 10.94 and 0.49/1000 dialysis procedures, respectively. No pseudoaneurysms or seromas were documented at 18 months.

Conclusions

Early cannulation was successful in all patients with good 12-month primary and secondary patency rates, compared to data reported by others on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts. The infection rate was substantially lower than in tunneled CVCs. Therefore, the AVflo graft may improve the clinical status of dialysis patients by decreasing the exposure to CVCs.
Cost-utility analysis of radical nephrectomy versus partial nephrectomy in the management of small renal masses: adjusting for the burden of ensuing chronic kidney disease
Authors: Klinghoffer Zachary , Tarride Jean-Eric , Novara Giacomo , Ficarra Vincenzo , Kapoor Anil , Shayegan Bobby , Braga Luis H.
Published: April 2013

Objectives: To compare the cost-utility of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN), laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) and open partial nephrectomy (OPN) in the management of small renal masses (SRMs) when the impact of ensuing chronic kidney disease (CKD) disease is considered. Methods: We designed a Markov decision analysis model with a 10-year time horizon. Estimates of costs, utilities, complication rates and probabilities of developing CKD were derived from the literature. The base case patient was assumed to be a 65-year-old patient with a <4 cm unilateral renal mass, a normal contralateral kidney and a normal pre-operative serum creatinine. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to address the uncertainty associated with the study parameters. Results: OPN was the least costly strategy at $25941 USD and generated 7.161 QALYs over 10 years. LPN yielded 0.098 additional QALYs at an additional cost of $888 for an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $9057 per QALY, well below a commonly cited willingness-to-pay threshold of $50000 per QALY. LRN was more costly and yielded fewer QALYs than OPN and LPN. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated our model to be robust to changes to key parameters. Age had no effect on preferred strategy. Conclusions: Partial nephrectomy (PN) is the preferred treatment strategy for SRMs. In centers where LPN is not available, OPN remains considerably more cost-effective than LRN. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that there is no age at which PN is not preferred to LRN. Our study provides additional evidence to advocate PN for the management of all amenable SRMs.
Adrenal artery pseudoaneurysm in pheochromocytoma presenting with catastrophic retroperitoneal hemorrhage
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Nanjappa Bhuvanesh , Kumar Sathish , Prasad Seema , Pushkarna Arawat , Singh Shrawan Kumar
Published: April 2013

Spontaneous rupture of adrenal pheochromocytoma is an extremely rare condition which presents as an abdominal catastrophe.  Unrecognized, this transformation can rapidly lead to death.  We report a case of a 63-year-old gentleman who presented with hemorrhagic shock secondary to ruptured adrenal pheochromocytoma.  The clinical course is notable for immediate trans-arterial catheter embolization (TAE) for control of bleeding, followed by optimization and elective adrenalectomy.  High mortality is associated with an operative intervention in the face of an unrecognized pheochromocytoma.  This reinforces the need for maintaining high index of suspicion in the setting of a suprarenal mass despite hypotension.
Disappearance of a major thrombus in the brachiocephalic vein without anticoagulant therapy in a patient with seminoma - a case report
Authors: Hongo Hiroshi , Ide Hiroki , Hoshino Katsura , Yasumizu Yota , Uchida Yasumitsu , Masuda Takeshi
Published: April 2013

This is the first case report describing brachiocephalic vein thrombosis without compression by a metastatic tumor during chemotherapy for testicular cancer. According to previous reports of testicular cancer patients with a major thrombus, anticoagulant therapy was required to resolve all cases. However, in the present case, a major thrombus in the brachiocephalic vein disappeared without anticoagulant therapy. This 42-year-old man was diagnosed with testicular seminoma and multiple metastases to the para-aortic lymph nodes. After three cycles of cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin (PEB) therapy, a major thrombus in the right brachiocephalic vein was recognized on a CT scan. Although no anticoagulant therapy was undertaken, the thrombus in the right brachiocephalic vein was no longer visible on CT after the 4th cycle of PEB therapy.
Transplant renal artery stenosis secondary to mechanical compression from polycystic kidney disease: A case report
Authors: Lee Linda , Gunaratnam Lakshman , Sener Alp
Published: April 2013

Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is a potentially treatable cause of allograft dysfunction, hypertension and graft loss. The mainstay of treatment includes angioplasty and endovascular stenting, although observation and surgery are at times indicated. We present an unusual case of TRAS secondary to mechanical compression from a patient’s enlarged native polycystic kidneys. This was treated with bilateral native nephrectomy and evidence of TRAS improved both clinically and radiographically. Recognition and treatment is important in preventing irreversible complications of TRAS.
Salvage prostatectomy post-definitive radiation therapy: The Vancouver experience
Authors: Corcoran Niall M. , Godoy Guilherme , Studd Rodney C. , Casey Rowan G. , Hurtado-Coll Antonio , Tyldesley Scott , Goldenberg S. Larry , Gleave Martin E.
Published: April 2013

Introduction: Prostate cancer recurrence following primary radiationis common. If the recurrence remains localized to the prostate gland, surgical removal may result in long-term local control orcure. Despite the well-established oncological outcomes, salvage prostatectomy is infrequently performed or reported. We present our experience with salvage prostatectomy at a Canadian centre.Methods: We identified all patients undergoing salvage prostatectomy at the Vancouver General Hospital between 1995 and 2010 from a prospectively recorded and maintained prostate cancer database. Details regarding initial presentation, delivery of radiotherapy, clinical features at the time of recurrence, as well as oncological and functional outcomes, were collected. Information regarding postoperative morbidity was collected prospectively and confirmed by retrospective chart review.Results: Over a 15-year period, salvage prostatectomy was successfully completed in 21 patients. With a median follow-up period of 68 months (range: 2-122), 9 (43%) patients experienced a biochemical recurrence, with most failing within the first 2 years of surgery. There were 3 deaths in the cohort, all from prostate cancer, giving a prostate cancer specific and overall survival of 86%. The main postoperative morbidity was bladder neck contracture, occurring in 40%. One patient each developed a recto-urethral fistula andosteitis pubis. Physician-recorded data regarding continence was available in 13 (62%). Of these 13 patients, 10 (85%) men were recorded as dry or using 1 pad per day.Conclusions: This is the first Canadian centre to report that salvage prostatectomy can be performed with favourable oncological and functional outcomes.
Complications following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in a prospective Canadian cohort of 305 consecutive cases
Authors: Fuller Andrew , Pautler Stephen E.
Published: April 2013

Background: Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has emerged in the last decade as an alternative to open radical prostatectomy for men with localized prostate cancer. The increased cost of this technique has been justified by its ability to reduce blood loss, and to provide improved vision, less postoperative pain and more rapid recovery from surgery, while maintaining satisfactory oncological and functional outcomes. Given the increasing diffusion of robotic surgical technology within Canada and its associated high capital and operating costs, we review the clinical outcomes and complications from 305 consecutive cases performed at our Canadian institution.Methods: A consecutive cohort of 305 patients with a mean follow up of 30 months was analyzed with institutional ethics approval. All patients were treated and reviewed postoperatively by a single surgeon (SP). The primary aim of the study was to assess the incidence and type of complications associated with RARP in a Canadian setting. Our prospective database captured preoperative, intra-operative and postoperative data and was maintained by an individual independent of the robotic program. We report complications categorized according to the Clavien system. Multiple complications seen in an individual were recorded separately for the purposes of our analysis.Results: Between April 2005 and October 2010, 305 patients underwent RARP at our institution. A total of 70 complications were identified, with 47 (67.1%) requiring only conservative or pharmacological management (Clavien I-II). Twenty-three patients were found to have a major complication (Clavien III-V). Of the 16 who required intervention under general anesthesia, 3 required emergency treatment and the remaining patients underwent elective surgery.Conclusions: RARP has been incorporated at our institution with an acceptably low rate of intra-operative and postoperative complications. We have found that the database was effective in providing patients with outcome-related information, which in turn helped us gain patient consent with regard to the institution-specific risks of RARP.
Optimiser les dispositifs de formation des enseignants novices par alternance : étude de cas
Authors: Bruno Françoise , Chaliès Sébastien
Published: April 2013

Cette étude de cas fait partie d’un programme de recherche plus large ayant pour ambition d’apprécier l’efficacité du principe de l’alternance sur la formation professionnelle d’enseignants novices. Réalisée dans le cadre d’une conception théorique originale de la formation structurée à partir de postulats empruntés à une théorie générale de l’apprentissage (Nelson, 2008) et de l’action collective (Wittgenstein, 1996), cette étude de cas situe les retombées d’une alternance entre des séquences de formation et de pratique professionnelle massées dans le temps sur la formation d’enseignants. Des pistes pour optimiser ce type de dispositif de formation sont finalement proposées.
Évaluation d’un test de lecture en anglais par deux méthodes de détection du fonctionnement différentiel d’items
Authors: Pichette François , Raîche Gilles , Béland Sébastien , Magis David
Published: April 2013

Cette étude vise à examiner la présence de fonctionnement différentiel d’items selon le sexe des répondants dans un test de compréhension en lecture en anglais administré à 171 universitaires francophones. Deux méthodes non paramétriques sont utilisées : le test Mantel-Haenszel et le modèle de régression logistique. Sur un total de 64 items, deux présentent un fonctionnement différentiel selon le test Mantel-Haenszel, alors que cinq items supplémentaires ressortent par la régression logistique. Ce faible nombre d’items suggère une bonne équité du test, mais les différences observées soulignent la nécessité d’analyses additionnelles pour clarifier le statut de ces items.
L’effet du tutorat individuel sur le sentiment d’auto-efficacité et la persévérance en formation à distance
Authors: Poellhuber Bruno , Chomienne Martine , Karsenti Thierry
Published: April 2013

Issue des préoccupations concernant l’abandon en formation à distance, la présente recherche vise à explorer les effets de l’introduction de mesures de tutorat individuel sur le sentiment d’auto-efficacité et la persévérance des étudiants. Une méthodologie mixte a été utilisée, en recourant à une étude quasi-expérimentale menée auprès de 778 participants et à l’analyse d’entrevues individuelles téléphoniques. Les taux de persévérance ont été plus élevés dans le groupe expérimental où des mesures de tutorat individuel ont été introduites. L’analyse qualitative montre que les interventions des tuteurs des groupes expérimentaux ont été bien perçues et favorisent les contacts ultérieurs entre tuteurs et étudiants.
Radicalisation et présence des jeunes dans la Marche mondiale des femmes : un processus de construction de nouvelles formes de radicalités féministes contemporaines
Authors: Giraud Isabelle
Published: April 2013

L’article interroge la concomitance entre la radicalisation du discours de la Marche mondiale des femmes (MMF) et la reconnaissance des jeunes. Nous montrons que si la MMF fait une place aux plus jeunes sans préjugés, c’est que la radicalité n’est pas vue comme un état mais comme un processus sans cesse renouvelé. Ce processus de radicalisation amorcé en 2001 passe d’abord par l’intégration de la MMF au mouvement altermondialiste : il prend diverses formes de la « nouvelle radicalité ». Les jeunes dans ce contexte sont à la fois attirées, critiques et transformatrices de cette construction de nouvelles formes de radicalité féministes.
Se radicaliser au pays des radicalités : les bifurcations populaires au Venezuela de Chávez
Authors: Tarragoni Federico
Published: April 2013

Le Venezuela chaviste est aujourd’hui l’une des avant-gardes de la radicalité globale. Mais si l’on se recentre sur les bifurcations politiques des acteurs, quel type de reconfigurations identitaires trouve-t-on entre une radicalité bolivarienne tendant à intégrer une doctrine d’État et des redéfinitions incessantes de la radicalité en milieu populaire, parmi l’électorat de Chávez ? Quels processus de radicalisation s’offrent au regard du sociologue dans les quartiers populaires des barrios ? Interroger les dynamiques de radicalisation, impliquant de nouvelles « entrées » et « sorties » de la radicalité en milieu populaire, sera ainsi l’occasion de jeter un éclairage inédit sur les rapports ordinaires des « dominés » au politique.
Le « printemps chilien » et la radicalisation de l’action collective contestataire en Amérique latine
Authors: Peñafiel Ricardo
Published: April 2013

Constatant l’intensification en Amérique latine de formes transgressives d’action collective et en s’appuyant sur une analyse du mouvement de protestation sociale surgi suite au conflit étudiant chilien de 2011, ce texte soutient que les conditions de possibilité de la radicalisation de l’action collective se situent dans la capacité d’une demande sectorielle à se transformer en symbole ou signifiant vide d’un ensemble hétérogène et inorganique. Cette « équivocité », généralement reprochée aux actions transgressives, est montrée ici comme le fondement autant que le résultat d’une convergence stratégique de positions divergentes permettant l’inscription ou l’apparition dans l’espace public de positions jusqu’alors absentes, exclues, bannies ou « invisibilisées ». Cette irruption « par effraction » de ceux qui étaient systématiquement exclus d’un système de représentation entraîne alors une remise en question des fondements mêmes de ce système plutôt que l’inscription dans ses règles constitutives.
Processus de radicalisation et radicalité au quotidien : discours et pratiques des communautés rurales au Brésil
Authors: Massicotte Marie-Josée , Furukawa Marques Dan
Published: April 2013

À partir d’une recherche terrain auprès de communautés rurales du Mouvement des travailleurs ruraux sans terre (MST) au sud du Brésil, nous rendrons compte du discours et des pratiques de ces paysans engagés, en examinant les processus de politisation au sein du mouvement. La radicalité du MST est considérée en fonction de la remise en question du sens commun des sociétés libérales capitalistes, combinées à un héritage esclavagiste et sexiste, socle normatif sur lequel reposent ses relations humaines. L’analyse démontre que ces paysans créent au quotidien une réalité souvent considérée comme inimaginable en ouvrant de nouveaux possibles politiques, en dévoilant les multiples facettes du réel.
Une déradicalisation collective ? Institutionnalisation et divisions du féminisme chilien
Authors: Forstenzer Nicole
Published: April 2013

L’article traite de l’évolution du féminisme chilien depuis le retour à la démocratie en 1990 à la suite de la dictature militaire du général Pinochet. Le mouvement de femmes et féministe qui était mobilisé dans les années 1980 autour de la revendication de « la démocratie dans le pays et à la maison » entre alors dans une phase de démobilisation et de divisions, liées à la double militance et à la tension entre autonomie et intégration, en particulier vis-à-vis de l’institutionnalisation des politiques d’égalité des sexes. Dans ce contexte singulier, l’autonomie constitue le marqueur de la radicalité féministe.
De l’« agitation » au « terrorisme ». Enjeux de la médiatisation de la violence révolutionnaire en France (1973-1986)
Authors: Bugnon Fanny
Published: April 2013

L’article propose d’analyser la manière dont sont construites les perceptions de la violence révolutionnaire dans la France contemporaine, à travers la médiatisation de quatre organisations inscrites dans cette dynamique entre 1973 et 1986. À partir d’un corpus de quotidiens nationaux envisagé sous l’angle d’une analyse du discours social émerge une cartographie des registres médiatiques et l’examen du pouvoir labellisateur des médias. Soulignant la prégnance du registre moral dans la définition du terrorisme, l’auteure étudie la construction de cette catégorie médiatique à partir des actes et des déclarations des organisations violentes, dans un contexte marqué par le reflux progressif des utopies post-1968.
Le mouvement, matière du drame et de l’épopée
Authors: Gebauer Gunter , Hamel Claudie
Published: April 2013

Cet article traite des mouvements dans le sport en tant qu’images mouvantes. Par leur aspect visuel, les mouvements sportifs conservent les émotions et les expériences qui s’y rattachent. Dans le déroulement des compétitions sportives, on peut identifier une structure dramatique permettant de reconnaître la socialité et l’affectivité caractéristiques d’une communauté. Et c’est précisément cette qualité dramatique qui fait l’objet des représentations du sport dans la mythologie et l’épopée. On retrouve ainsi, dans l’histoire des mouvements sportifs et de leurs représentations narratives, les genres de l’esthétique classique. Dans le monde moderne, la compétition sportive est considérée comme une représentation des concurrences économiques et politiques. Les récits épiques de la modernité transforment l’existence « petite-bourgeoise » du vainqueur en une figure de héros tout-puissant. Le style des mouvements sportifs, pris en tant qu’expression de la relation de l’athlète vis-à-vis de soi-même et des autres membres de sa communauté, est un autre aspect auquel la société contemporaine accorde de l’intérêt.
Mimésis et rituels dans l’anthropologie historique de Gunter Gebauer et de Christoph Wulf
Authors: Jeffrey Denis
Published: April 2013

Gunter Gebauer et Christoph Wulf ont cofondé avec leurs collègues allemands l’anthropologie historique. Leur perspective transdisciplinaire ambitionne de connaître la multiplicité historique et culturelle de la vie humaine. Nous présentons ici les fondements théoriques de cette anthropologie à travers les concepts de mimésis et de rituels. Pour ces chercheurs allemands, l’agir mimétique est à la base des diverses formes de vie sociales et culturelles. Par ailleurs, selon l’hypothèse qu’ils défendent, les rituels sont des actes corporels et symboliques acquis par mimétisme.
Persona, skènè, drama : la grande transformation du théâtre et de la sociologie
Authors: Côté Jean-François
Published: April 2013

Cet article présente les rapports établis entre trois écoles de sociologie et trois figures de l’avant-garde théâtrale contemporaine (Gertrude Stein et l’École de Chicago, Antonin Artaud et le Collège de sociologie, et Bertolt Brecht et l’École de Francfort). Il présente ces rapports en fonction des transformations affectant les catégories de « persona », de « skéné » et de « drama », héritées de la tradition théâtrale, mais qui ont toutes subi des redéfinitions majeures au sein de l’expérimentation théâtrale, ainsi que dans l’analyse sociologique. À travers le pragmatisme, la psychanalyse et le marxisme, ces catégories ont été respectivement redéfinies en fonction d’aires de la pratique et de la (re)présentation contemporaine, qui ont exposé la personne, le corps et l’action selon de nouvelles dispositions. Ces transformations sont à situer dans la révision des divisions catégoriques inhérentes à la philosophie hégélienne portant sur l’âme, la conscience et l’esprit, ainsi que dans le passage de la société bourgeoise moderne à la société de masse postmoderne.