bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological assessment of East Hammar marsh, Iraq
using a number of ecological guides
Authors: Abdul-Razak Abdul-Razak
Published: January 2020

The ecological status of the East Hammar marsh was evaluated by using a number of ecological
guides: water quality index (WQI), Carlson trophic state index (TSI) and fish integrated biological index
(F-IBI) during the period from November 2012 to October 2013. The results revealed that the annual value
of WQI varied from 51.1 (marginal) for historical data before desiccation to 67.8 (fair) for data after
inundation. The marsh was evaluated to be mesotrophic (TSI= 42.0). IBI scores were calculated from 16
separate assemblage metrics based on the fish species richness, species composition and trophic guilds. The
ecological status of the marsh was found to be fair (F-IBI= 47.7) and was slightly better than the status of
the marsh after 2-4 years of restoration activities. The rather low improvement in the situation of the marsh
indicates that the environment is still fragile and requires the allocation of water share from the Tigris and
Euphrates rivers to restore marsh normality.
تقدير المكونات البيوكيميائية للسمك المجفف (وزف) في اليمن
Authors: ابتسام فيصل شمسان ابتسام فيصل شمسان
Published: January 2020

يُحضر السمك المجفف المسمى محليا (الوزف) بطريقة تقليدية في بعض المناطق الساحلية لليمن. في هذه الدراسة تم تقدير التركيب البيوكيميائي (الرطوبة، والبروتين، والدهون، والكربوهيدرات، والرماد) للسمك المجفف المتوفر في الأسواق اليمنية. تقدير مستوى الأس الهيدروجيني كان أيضا ضمن الدراسة. جُمعت العينات من العديد من محلات البهارات في ثلاث مدن يمنية، هي: صنعاء، وتعز، والحديدة. أظهرت النتائج أن نسبة الرطوبة في العينات كانت تتراوح بين 4.06 و12.80?، بينما تراوحت نسبة البروتين بين 32.63 و55.92?، حيث شكلت أعلى نسبة بين المكونات المقدرة. كانت نسبة الدهون مرتفعة تراوحت بين 30.86 و 38.73?. تغيرت نسبة الرماد من 13.47 إلى 22.25?، بينما شكلت الكربوهيدرات أقل نسبة بين المكونات المقدرة، حيث قدرت قيمتها بين 3.20 و3.74?. تأرجحت قيمة الأس الهيدروجيني للعينات في مدى ضيق بين 6.03 و6.20. القيم المُرضية للبروتين، الدهون والرماد يمكن أن تسلط الضوء على هذا السمك كمصدر غذائي جيد بين الأغذية المحفوظة. ليس هناك اختلافات معنوية بين نتائج العينات المختلفة على أساس المناطق التي جمعت منها العينات.
Enhanced Solar Photocatalytic Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium in Seawater
over Carbon Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Yasser A. Shaban Yasser A. Shaban
Published: January 2020

The photocatalytic removal of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) from polluted seawater has
been successfully investigated by using carbon doped titanium oxide (CTiO2
) nanoparticles under
irradiation of natural sunlight. The photoactivity of CTiO2 was comparatively evaluated with pure
TiO2 under the same experimental conditions. The effects of catalyst dose, initial Cr(VI)
concentration and pH were studied and optimized. The highest removal rate was obtained at pH 3
and catalyst dose of 2.0 g L-1
. Furthermore, the existence of hole scavenger remarkably enhanced
the reduction rate of Cr(VI). According to Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, the photocatalytic
reduction of Cr(VI) using CTiO2 obeyed the pseudo-first-order kinetics
التغير فى التيارات البحرية ومنسوب سطح البحر أمام سواحل مدينة الأسكندرية بتأثير قوة الرياح
Authors: أحمد خضر أحمد خضر
Published: January 2020

تم استخدام بيانات ساعية لمنسوب سطح البحر والتيارات البحرية والرياح عند موقعين مختلفين أمام شاطئ مدينة الأسكندرية: الموقع الأول أمام الميناء الشرقي، عام 1996م، والموقع الثانى أمام الميناء الغربي فى نفس الفترة الزمنية من عام 2008. تم جمع البيانات وترتيبها وتحليل متجهات الرياح والتيارات المائية بمحاذاة الساحل والعمودي عليه، كما تم حساب التوزيعات التكرارية ووردة الرياح لاتجاهات وسرعات التيار على وردة البوصلة للاتجاهات الحقيقية بواسطة برنامج (WRPLOT)، وتم استخدام استخدام برنامج (MATLAB T-tide) لتحليل البيانات الخاصة بالتيارات المائية ومستوى سطح البحر. وأظهرت دراسة التوزيعات التكرارية الثنائية (سرعة واتجاه) للتيارات المائية لعام 1996م أن سرعة التيار المائى أمام الميناء الشرقي عند عمق 19 مترًا (في عمق كلي 39.5 متر) فى فترة الدراسة، تراوحت ما بين صفر إلى 43.2 سم/ث، كما أظهرت أن سرعة التيارات المائية لعام 2008م أمام الميناء الغربي عند عمق 16 مترًا (في عمق كلي 17.5 متر) فى فترة الدراسة تغيرت ما بين صفر إلى 27.2 سم/ث. ووجد أيضا أن أعلى نسبة تردد تكراري يكون للتيار السائد بالمنطقة فى هذة الفترة، وغالبا ما يكون فى اتجاه الشمال الشرقي عندما تكون الرياح قادمة من الشمال الغربى، أى أن اتجاة المحور الرئيس للشكل البيضاوي الممثل لشدة التيار المدي (Flood/Ebb) يكون في اتجاة (شمال شرق/جنوب غرب)، وفي بعض الأحيان يكون في اتجاه (شرق شمال شرق/غرب جنوب غرب) فى الميناء الشرقى. وقد وجد أيضًا من التحليل الطيفي لكلا الموقعين أن متوسط طاقة التيارات المدية تمثل حوالي 30? من إجمالى الطاقة فى التيار المائي، بينما يمثل التيار المتبقي حوالى 70? أو أكثر من إجمالي طاقة التيار عند كل منطقة. كما تبين من التحليل الإحصائى لبيانات منسوب سطح البحر أن مدى الاختلاف فى منسوب سطح البحر كان 0.53 في الميناء الشرقي و0.57 متر في الميناء الغربي. ومن تحليل المركبات التوافقية للمد وجد أن أقصى مدى مدي للعامين 1996& 2008م كان (0.30) متر فى الميناء الشرقى و (0.29) متر في الميناء الغربي، بينما كان أقصى مدى للمركبات غير المدية خلال العامين يساوي (0.37) متر للميناء الشرقي و (0.29) متر للميناء الغربي بالترتيب. وقد أظهر التحليل التوافقي لبيانات المد والجزر أن نوعه من النوع نصف اليومي الخليط فى الموقعين، مع وجود تأثير قوي للمركبات الرئيسة الأربعة. كما أوضحت حسابات التحليل الطيفي لطاقة التغيرات في منسوب سطح البحر أن طاقة تذبذبات المد والجزر بمفردها تمثل فقط 22? و13? من الطاقة الكلية للتغير في منسوب سطح البحر في كل من الميناء الشرقي والغربي على الترتيب. وبالتالي تكون نسبة الطاقة للتغيرات الناتجة عن العوامل الجوية والأخرى 78?، 87? للموقعين. وبصورة عامة أثبتت مناقشة النتائج أن أكثر من 70? من طاقة تغيرات منسوب سطح البحر والتيارات البحرية في المتوسط أمام الأسكندرية ترجع بصورة أساسية إلى تأثير قوة الرياح والعوامل غير المدية.
Effect of Sudden and Gradual Transfer of Oreochromis aureus to Different
Water Salinities on the Activity of AST and ALT Serum Enzymes
Authors: Layla M. A.A. AlKatrani Layla M. A.A. AlKatrani
Published: January 2020

The effects of Sudden and Gradual salinities stress on AST and ALT enzyme activity in
Oreochromis aureus fingerlings were investigated in two separate experiments in this study. The
fingerlings were suddenly transferred to five different set of salinities (5, 15, 25, 35, 45 psu) and
gradually each one hour to seven set of salinities (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35) psu in two replicate
for each salinity for 72 hrs. Fish were killed after that and blood were taken from heart and putted
in test tubes for serum separation and serum kept in freeze until doing measurements of AST and
ALT enzymes. Results showed that all fishes were died in the salinity concentration 45 psu after
20 hrs of sudden transfer, while a 100% survival rate was recorded in other salinity
concentrations. The salinity 45 psu was considered to be out of the O. aureus tolerance range.
Findings showed a close correlation of AST and ALT concentrations with salinity increase in
sudden and gradual transfer experiments as a result of the stress which occurred during fish
acclimation to reach the homeostasis. The remarkable increase in serum ALT and AST of fish
groups exposed to sudden transfer compared with gradual transfer groups reflect the better ability
of these fishes to adapt in salinity changes of gradual transfer..
Аттракторы нелинейных гамильтоновых уравнений в частных производных
Authors: Komech Aleksandr Il'ich , Kopylova Elena Andreevna
Published: January 2020

Приводится обзор теории аттракторов для нелинейных гамильтоновых уравнений с частными производными начиная с момента ее возникновения в 1990 г. Данный обзор включает результаты по глобальному притяжению к стационарным состояниям, солитонам и стационарным орбитам, а также результаты по адиабатической эффективной динамике солитонов и их асимптотической устойчивости. Кроме того, дан обзор результатов по численному моделированию. Формулируется новая общая гипотеза об аттракторах $G$-инвариантных нелинейных гамильтоновых уравнений в частных производных, обобщающая полученные результаты. Эта гипотеза приводит к новой динамической интерпретации основных квантовых феноменов: боровских переходов между квантовыми стационарными состояниями, корпускулярно-волновой двойственности де Бройля и вероятностной интерпретации Борна.
Библиография: 212 названий.
Симметрии в левоинвариантных задачах оптимального управления
Authors: Podobryaev Alexey Vladimirovich
Published: January 2020

Рассматриваются левоинвариантные задачи оптимального управления на группах Ли.
При исследовании экстремальных траекторий на оптимальность ключевую роль играют симметрии экспоненциального отображения, которые индуцируются симметриями сопряженной подсистемы гамильтоновой системы принципа максимума Понтрягина. Для связных групп Ли с коприсоединенными орбитами общего положения коразмерности не более единицы и связным стабилизатором получена общая конструкция для таких симметрий экспоненциального отображения.
Библиография: 32 названия.
Интегрирование нелинейной системы Шредингера высшего порядка с самосогласованным источником в классе периодических функций
Authors: Yakhshimuratov Alisher Bekchanovich
Published: January 2020

Метод обратной спектральной задачи применяется для интегрирования нелинейной системы Шредингера высшего порядка с самосогласованным источником в классе периодических функций.
Квантовая теория лоренцевых фермионных дифференциальных форм
Authors: Jourjine Aleksandr Nikolaevich
Published: January 2020

Рассматривается квантовая теория лоренцевых фермионных дифференциальных форм и соответствующих биспинорных квантовых полей, которые являются коэффициентами разложения дифференциальных форм по биспинорному базису Бехера и Йоса. Подробно описано каноническое квантование биспинорной калибровочной теории в терминах ее дираковских спинорных составляющих и выведены соответствующие правила Фейнмана. Также получены все возможные массовые члены для массивных фермионов в биспинорной калибровочной теории. Решения классифицируются в соответствии со значением квантового числа скалярного спина, которое не имеет аналога в стандартной калибровочной теории и в Стандартной модели. Возможные массовые члены отвечают комбинациям синглетов с нулевым скалярным спином и дублетов со скалярным спином $1/2$ в пространстве поколений. Описана связь лоренцева спина биспиноров и скалярного спина биспинорных составляющих.
Голографический ренормгрупповой поток в анизотропной среде
Authors: Aref'eva Irina Yaroslavna , Rannu Kristina Allanovna
Published: January 2020

Рассматриваются уравнения для ренормгруппового потока в анизотропной кварк-глюонной плазме. Представлены анизотропные решения для некоторых частных случаев.
Jorgos Seferis
Authors: Unuk Lara
Published: January 2020

Georgios Seferiadis, rojen leta 1900 v bližini Smirne, je bolj znan pod psevdonimom Jorgos Seferis. Bil je eden izmed najpomembnejših grških in evropskih pesnikov 20. stoletja in je leta 1963 za svoj pesniški opus prejel Nobelovo nagrado. Je avtor desetih pesniških zbirk, za življenja pa je izdal tudi tri zbirke literarnih esejev, med katere sodi tudi lirični potopis s kraja antičnega Apolonovega svetišča v Delfih. V njih opise pokrajine povezuje s humanistično refleksijo o antični mitologiji, geografska imena pa navaja včasih v njihovi antični in včasih v sodobni obliki. Antični Delfi in sodobni, turistični Delfi pri njem soobstajajo in se zlivajo v simbolično celoto.
Orfejeva pot v podzemlje od antike do španskega baroka
Authors: Tomc Bojana
Published: January 2020

V prispevku je predstavljena recepcija mita o Orfeju in Evridiki v španski baročni dramatiki, predvsem v zakramentalni igri (auto sacramental) Calderóna de la Barce. Mit o Orfeju in Evridiki, ki je eden tistih, ki najbolj odmeva v svetovni književnosti in umetnosti nasploh, sta v antiki v svoj recepcijski horizont uvrstila Vergilij in Ovidij. Skozi svojo pripovedno perspektivo sta ustvarila literarni različici, ki sta bili stoletja vir za reaktualizacijo mita o Orfeju. Orfeja začnejo zaradi njegovih atributov in zgodbe same že v zgodnjem obdobju krščanstva v umetnosti enačiti s Kristusom in mu pripisovati njegovo vlogo. Princip omenjene preobleke se s pomočjo alegorije še posebej razmahne z baročnimi zakramentalnimi igrami, ki nadaljujejo obsežno srednjeveško alegorično tradicijo.Calderón de la Barca je v teološko-mitološki duhovni drami Božanski Orfej povzel osnovne motive ali invariante, ki sta jih zarisala Vergilij in Ovidij, a enakost je le zunanja. Ogrodje antičnega mita je na simbolni ravni prekril s krščanskim sporočilom. Orfej, čigar moč besede in glasbe so poudarjali že v prvih zapisih, postane Kristus, njegova beseda privlači ljudi, ki jih s spustom v podzemlje, ki ga je mogoče razumeti tudi kot smrt na križu, odreši. Evridika simbolizira človeštvo s svojo šibko človeško naravo, ki ga Orfej, Bog in človek, kot poudari Calderón, reši pogubljenja. Aristej, Orfejev antagonist, ki je Vergilijeva inovacija, pri Ovidiju pa ga ne najdemo, postane princ teme, kača, zapeljivec, duhovna smrt.
Potovanje Argonavtov in njihov prehod iz Podonavja na Jadran v interpretaciji J. L. Schönlebna
Authors: Škamperle Igor
Published: January 2020

Članek obravnava motiv potovanja, kakor nastopa že v prvih kulturnih formacijah v prazgodovini. Opozori na pomen naracije, s katero so miti in poetični opisi potovanj dobili svojo celostno formo. Dva temeljna modela motiva potovanja sta Homerjeva Odiseja in starozavezni kanon Biblije. Članek obravnava ep Argonautika Apolonija Rodoškega iz dobe helenizma. Prikaže pa inovativno in drzno interpretacijo slovenskega baročnega pisca J.L. Schönlebna iz 17. stoletja. Ta je na podlagi dveh grških avtorjev iz pozne antike (5. stoletje), Sozomena in Zosima, opisal, kako so Jazon in Argonavti ustanovili Emono leta 1222 pr. K., nato pa prišli do Jadrana po skritem rečnem prehodu mimo Predjame, po reki Vipavi in Soči.
Orfej in avtorstvo v latinski humanistični poeziji
Authors: Škraban Kajetan
Published: January 2020

Orfej s svojo plastično mitološko dediščino ni le pesniška snov ali motiv, ampak je vse prej persona, maska, ki so si jo nadevali humanisti, zelo pogosto tedaj, ko so želeli nadrobneje začrtati svojo avtorsko pozicijo. Zlasti plodna je poetika pesniških »mask« v humanistični pastoralni poeziji. Članek se osredotoča na presek obojega, tj. na mit o Orfeju v bukolični poeziji neapeljskega humanista Giovannija Pontana. V njegovi prvi eklogi Lepidina predstavlja Orfej arhetip pesnika, ki ima močne vergilijevske poteze, s čimer pesnik upraviči svoje prilaščanje Vergilijeve poetike in pesniške tradicije. V drugi eklogi Melizej pa po smrti žene, ki je humanistovo pesniško kariero močno zaznamovala, v skladu s svojo značilno pesniško ali bukolično »operacijo« postane predvsem biografsko intonirana podoba ovdovelega pesnika.
External Self-Healing Coatings in Anticorrosion Applications: A Review
Authors: Ye Kaixuan , Bi Zhenxiao , Cui Gan , Zhang Bojun , Li Zili
Published: January 2020

Nowadays corrosion has become an urgent problem to be solved. Scientists are committed to finding various ways to restrain the corrosion of metals. The anticorrosion coating is considered to be an economical and effective method. However, the conventional anticorrosion coating is vulnerable to be damaged. The external self-healing coating can release the active healing agent when destroyed and prevent the corrosion spontaneously, which has been the subject of increasing interest. In this paper, the anticorrosion application of external self-healing coatings was described in detail, including organic micro/nanocontainer-based, inorganic micro/nanocontainer-based, and microvascular network-based self-healing coatings. First, the present article introduced the development, preparation, and self-healing properties of the external self-healing coating. In the successive chapter, the anticorrosion performance of the coating was highlighted. Also, some open problems and future challenges were also investigated. Finally, special attention was dedicated to the prospect of the external self-healing coating. This review provides readers with an overview of achievements to date and insights into the future development of engineering applications to promote the large-scale application of external self-healing anticorrosion coatings.
Dimensionality-reduction techniques for complex mass spectrometric datasets: application to laboratory atmospheric organic oxidation experiments
Authors: Koss Abigail R. , Canagaratna Manjula R. , Zaytsev Alexander , Krechmer Jordan E. , Breitenlechner Martin , Nihill Kevin J. , Lim Christopher Y. , Rowe James C. , Roscioli Joseph R. , Keutsch Frank N. , Kroll Jesse H.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Oxidation of organic compounds in the atmosphere produces an immensely
complex mixture of product species, posing a challenge for both their
measurement in laboratory studies and their inclusion in air quality and
climate models. Mass spectrometry techniques can measure thousands of these
species, giving insight into these chemical processes, but the datasets
themselves are highly complex. Data reduction techniques that group
compounds in a chemically and kinetically meaningful way provide a route to
simplify the chemistry of these systems but have not been systematically
investigated. Here we evaluate three approaches to reducing the
dimensionality of oxidation systems measured in an environmental chamber:
positive matrix factorization (PMF), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA),
and a parameterization to describe kinetics in terms of multigenerational
chemistry (gamma kinetics parameterization, GKP). The evaluation is
implemented by means of two datasets: synthetic data consisting of a
three-generation oxidation system with known rate constants, generation
numbers, and chemical pathways; and the measured products of OH-initiated
oxidation of a substituted aromatic compound in a chamber experiment. We
find that PMF accounts for changes in the average composition of all
products during specific periods of time but does not sort compounds into
generations or by another reproducible chemical process. HCA, on the other
hand, can identify major groups of ions and patterns of behavior and
maintains bulk chemical properties like carbon oxidation state that can be
useful for modeling. The continuum of kinetic behavior observed in a typical
chamber experiment can be parameterized by fitting species' time traces to
the GKP, which approximates the chemistry as a linear, first-order kinetic
system. The fitted parameters for each species are the number of reaction steps
with OH needed to produce the species (the generation) and an effective
kinetic rate constant that describes the formation and loss rates of the
species. The thousands of species detected in a typical laboratory chamber
experiment can be organized into a much smaller number (10–30) of groups,
each of which has a characteristic chemical composition and kinetic behavior.
This quantitative relationship between chemical and kinetic characteristics,
and the significant reduction in the complexity of the system, provides an
approach to understanding broad patterns of behavior in oxidation systems
and could be exploited for mechanism development and atmospheric chemistry
modeling.
Chlorine partitioning near the polar vortex edge observed with ground-based FTIR and satellites at Syowa Station, Antarctica, in 2007 and 2011
Authors: Nakajima Hideaki , Murata Isao , Nagahama Yoshihiro , Akiyoshi Hideharu , Saeki Kosuke , Kinase Takeshi , Takeda Masanori , Tomikawa Yoshihiro , Dupuy Eric , Jones Nicholas B.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We retrieved lower stratospheric vertical profiles of O3, HNO3,
and HCl from solar spectra taken with a ground-based Fourier transform
infrared spectrometer (FTIR) installed at Syowa Station, Antarctica
(69.0∘ S, 39.6∘ E), from March to December 2007 and
September to November 2011. This was the first continuous measurement of
chlorine species throughout the ozone hole period from the ground in
Antarctica. We analyzed temporal variation of these species combined with
ClO, HCl, and HNO3 data taken with the Aura MLS (Microwave Limb
Sounder) satellite sensor and ClONO2 data taken with the Envisat MIPAS
(the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) satellite
sensor at 18 and 22 km over Syowa Station. An HCl and ClONO2 decrease
occurred from the end of May at both 18 and 22 km, and eventually, in early winter, both HCl and ClONO2 were almost depleted. When the sun returned
to Antarctica in spring, enhancement of ClO and gradual O3 destruction
were observed. During the ClO-enhanced period, a negative correlation between
ClO and ClONO2 was observed in the time series of the data at Syowa
Station. This negative correlation was associated with the relative distance
between Syowa Station and the edge of the polar vortex. We used MIROC3.2
chemistry–climate model (CCM) results to investigate the behavior of whole
chlorine and related species inside the polar vortex and the boundary region
in more detail. From CCM model results, the rapid conversion of chlorine
reservoir species (HCl and ClONO2) into Cl2, gradual conversion of
Cl2 into Cl2O2, increase in HOCl in the winter period, increase in ClO when sunlight became available, and conversion of ClO into HCl were successfully reproduced. The HCl decrease in the winter polar vortex core
continued to occur due to both transport of ClONO2 from the subpolar
region to higher latitudes, providing a flux of ClONO2 from more sunlit
latitudes into the polar vortex, and the heterogeneous reaction of HCl with
HOCl. The temporal variation of chlorine species over Syowa Station was affected
by both heterogeneous chemistries related to polar stratospheric cloud (PSC)
occurrence inside the polar vortex and transport of a NOx-rich air mass
from the polar vortex boundary region, which can produce additional
ClONO2 by reaction of ClO with NO2. The deactivation pathways from
active chlorine into reservoir species (HCl and/or ClONO2) were
confirmed to be highly dependent on the availability of ambient O3. At
18 km, where most ozone was depleted, most ClO was converted to HCl. At 22 km
where some O3 was available, an additional increase in ClONO2 from
the prewinter value occurred, similar to the Arctic.
Kinetic modelling of formation and evaporation of SOA from NO3 oxidation of pure and mixed monoterpenes
Authors: Berkemeier Thomas , Takeuchi Masayuki , Eris Gamze , Ng Nga L.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Organic aerosol constitutes a major fraction of the global aerosol burden and is predominantly formed as secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Environmental chambers have been used extensively to study aerosol formation and evolution under controlled conditions similar to the atmosphere, but quantitative prediction of the outcome of these experiments is generally not achieved, which signifies our lack in understanding of these results and limits their portability to large scale models. In general, kinetic models employing state-of-the-art explicit chemical mechanisms fail to describe the mass concentration and composition of SOA obtained from chamber experiments. Specifically, chemical reactions involving nitrate radical (NO3) oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a source of major uncertainty for assessing the chemical and physical properties of oxidation products. Here, we introduce a kinetic model that treats gas-phase chemistry, gas-particle partitioning, particle-phase oligomerization, and chamber wall loss and use it to describe the oxidation of the monoterpenes α-pinene and limonene with NO3. The model can reproduce aerosol mass and nitration degrees in experiments using either pure precursors or their mixtures and infers volatility distributions of products, branching ratios of reactive intermediates as well as particle-phase reaction rates. The gas-phase chemistry in the model is based on the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM), but trades speciation of single compounds for the overall ability of quantitatively describing SOA formation by using a lumped chemical mechanism. The complex branching into a multitude of individual products in MCM is replaced in this model with product volatility distributions, detailed peroxy (RO2) and alkoxy (RO) radical chemistry and amended by a particle-phase oligomerization scheme. The kinetic parameters obtained in this study are constrained by a set of SOA formation and evaporation experiments conducted in the Georgia Tech Environmental Chamber (GTEC) facility. For both precursors, we present volatility distributions of nitrated and non-nitrated reaction products that are obtained by fitting the kinetic model systematically to the experimental data using a global optimization method, the Monte Carlo Genetic Algorithm (MCGA). The results presented here provide new mechanistic insight into the processes leading to formation and evaporation of SOA. Most notably, much of the non-linear behavior of precursor mixtures can be understood by RO2 fate and reversible oligomerization reactions in the particle phase, but some effects could be accredited to kinetic limitations of mass transport in the particle phase. The methodologies described in this work provide a basis for quantitative analysis of multi-source data from environmental chamber experiments with manageable computational effort.
Trace element composition of size-fractionated suspended particulate matter samples from the Qatari Exclusive Economic Zone of the Arabian Gulf: the role of atmospheric dust
Authors: Yigiterhan Oguz , Al-Ansari Ebrahim Mohd , Nelson Alex , Abdel-Moati Mohamed Alaa , Turner Jesse , Alsaadi Hamood Abdulla , Paul Barbara , Al-Maslamani Ibrahim Abdullatif , Al-Ansi Al-Yafei Mehsin Abdulla , Murray James W.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We analyzed net-tow samples of natural assemblages of
plankton, and associated particulate matter, from the Exclusive Economic
Zone (EEZ) of Qatar in the Arabian Gulf. Size-fractionated suspended particles
were collected using net tows with mesh sizes of 50 and 200 µm to examine the composition of small- and large-size plankton
populations. Samples were collected in two different years (11 offshore
sites in October 2012 and 6 nearshore sites in April 2014) to examine
temporal and spatial variabilities. We calculated the excess metal
concentrations by correcting the bulk composition for inputs from
atmospheric dust using aluminum (Al) as a lithogenic tracer and the metal∕Al
ratios for average Qatari dust. Atmospheric dust in Qatar is depleted in Al
and enriched in calcium (Ca), in the form of calcium carbonate (CaCO3),
relative to the global average Upper Continental Crust (UCC). To evaluate the
fate of this carbonate fraction when dust particles enter seawater, we
leached a subset of dust samples using an acetic acid–hydroxylamine
hydrochloride (HAc–HyHCl) procedure that should solubilize CaCO3
minerals and associated elements. As expected, we found that Ca was removed
in Qatari dust; however, the concentrations (ppm) for most elements actually
increased after leaching because the reduction in sample mass resulting
from the removal of CaCO3 by the leach was more important than the loss
of metals solubilized by the leach. Because surface seawater is
supersaturated with respect to CaCO3 and acid-soluble Ca is abundant in
the particulate matter, we only used unleached dust for the lithogenic
correction. Statistical analysis showed that for many elements the excess
concentrations were indistinguishable from zero. This suggested that the
concentrations of these elements in net-tow plankton samples were mostly of
lithogenic (dust) origin. These elements include Al, Fe, Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb,
and Li. For several other elements (Cd, Cu, Mo, Zn, and Ca) the excess
concentrations present after lithogenic correction are most likely of
biogenic/anthropogenic origin. The excess concentrations, relative to
average dust, for most elements (except Cd) decreased with distance from
the shore, which may be due to differences in biology, currents, proximity to
the coast, or interannual processes.
Accounting for forest age in the tile-based dynamic global vegetation model JSBACH4 (4.20p7; git feature/forests) – a land surface model for the ICON-ESM
Authors: Nabel Julia E. M. S. , Naudts Kim , Pongratz Julia
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Natural and anthropogenic disturbances, in particular forest management, affect forest age structures all around the globe. Forest age structures in turn influence key land surface processes, such as photosynthesis and thus the carbon cycle. Yet, many dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs), including those used as land surface models (LSMs) in Earth system models (ESMs), do not account for subgrid forest age structures, despite being used to investigate land-use effects on the global carbon budget or simulating biogeochemical responses to climate change. In this paper we present a new scheme to introduce forest age classes in hierarchical tile-based DGVMs combining benefits of recently applied approaches the first being a computationally efficient age-dependent simulation of all relevant processes, such as photosynthesis and respiration, using a restricted number of age classes and the second being the tracking of the exact forest age, which is a prerequisite for any implementation of age-based forest management. This combination is achieved by using the tile hierarchy to track the area fraction for each age on an aggregated plant functional type level, whilst simulating the relevant processes for a set of age classes. We describe how we implemented this scheme in JSBACH4, the LSM of the ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic Earth system model (ICON-ESM). Subsequently, we compare simulation output to global observation-based products for gross primary production, leaf area index, and above-ground biomass to assess the ability of simulations with and without age classes to reproduce the annual cycle and large-scale spatial patterns of these variables. The comparisons show decreasing differences and increasing computation costs with an increasing number of distinguished age classes. The results demonstrate the benefit of the introduction of age classes, with the optimal number of age classes being a compromise between computation costs and error reduction.
Pacific climate reflected in Waipuna Cave dripwater hydrochemistry
Authors: Nava-Fernandez Cinthya , Hartland Adam , Gázquez Fernando , Kwiecien Ola , Marwan Norbert , Fox Bethany , Hellstrom John , Pearson Andrew , Ward Brittany , French Amanda , Hodell David A. , Immenhauser Adrian , Breitenbach Sebastian F. M.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Cave microclimatic and geochemical monitoring is vitally important for correct interpretations of proxy time series from speleothems with regard to past climatic and environmental dynamics. We present results of a comprehensive cave monitoring programme in Waipuna Cave in the North Island of New Zealand, a region that is strongly influenced by the southern Westerlies and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This study aims to characterise the response of the Waipuna Cave hydrological system to atmospheric circulation dynamics in the southwestern Pacific region in order to secure the quality of ongoing palaeo-environmental reconstructions from this cave. Cave air and water temperatures, drip rates, and CO2, concentration were measured, and samples for water isotopes (δ18O, δD, d-excess, 17Oexcess) and elemental ratios (Mg / Ca, Sr / Ca), were collected continuously and/or at monthly intervals from 10 drip sites inside Waipuna Cave for a period of ca. 3 years. These datasets were compared to surface air temperature, rainfall, and potential evaporation from nearby meteorological stations to test the degree of signal transfer and expression of surface environmental conditions in Waipuna Cave hydrochemistry. Based on the drip response dynamics to rainfall and other characteristics we identify three hydrological pathways in Waipuna Cave: diffuse flow, combined flow, and fracture flow. Dripwater isotopes do not reflect seasonal variability, but show higher values during severe drought. Dripwater δ18O values display limited variability and reflect the mean isotopic signature of precipitation, testifying to rapid and thorough buffering in the epikarst. Mg / Ca and Sr / Ca ratios in dripwaters are predominantly controlled by prior calcite precipitation (PCP). Prior calcite precipitation is strongest during austral summer (December–February), reflecting drier conditions and lack of effective infiltration, and is weakest during the wet austral winter (July–September). The Sr / Ca ratio is particularly sensitive to ENSO conditions due to the interplay of congruent/incongruent host rock dissolution, which manifests itself in lower Sr / Ca in above-average warmer and wetter (La Niña-like) conditions. Our microclimatic observations at Waipuna Cave provide valuable baseline for perceptive interpretation of speleothem proxy records aiming at reconstructing the past expression of Pacific climate modes.
Seasonal variability of radiation tide in Gulf of Riga
Authors: Frishfelds Vilnis , Sennikovs Juris , Bethers Uldis , Timuhins Andrejs
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Diurnal oscillations of water level in Gulf of Riga are considered. It was found that there is distinct daily pattern of diurnal oscillations in certain seasons. The role of sea breeze, gravitational tides and atmospheric pressure gradient are analysed. The interference of the first two effects provide the dominant role in diurnal oscillations. The effect of gravitational tides is described both with sole tidal forcing and also in real case with atmospheric forcing and stratification. The yearly variation of the declination of the Sun and stratification leads to seasonal intensification of gravitational tides in Gulf of Riga. Correlation between gravitational tide of the Sun with its radiation caused wind effects appears to be main driver of oscillations in Gulf of Riga. Daily variation of wind is primary source of S1 tidal component with a water level maximum at 18:00 UTC in Gulf of Riga. Effect of solar radiation influences also K1 and P1 tidal components which are examined, too.
Brief communication: Conventional assumptions involving the speed of radar waves in snow introduce systematic underestimates to sea ice thickness and seasonal growth rate estimates
Authors: Mallett Robbie D. C. , Lawrence Isobel R. , Stroeve Julienne C. , Landy Jack C. , Tsamados Michel
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Pan-Arctic sea ice thickness has been monitored over recent decades by satellite radar altimeters such as CryoSat-2, which emits Ku-band radar waves that are assumed in publicly available sea ice thickness products to penetrate overlying snow and scatter from the ice–snow interface. Here we examine two expressions for the time delay caused by slower radar wave propagation through the snow layer and related assumptions concerning the time evolution of overlying snow density. Two conventional treatments introduce systematic underestimates of up to 15 cm into ice thickness estimates and up to 10 cm into thermodynamic growth rate estimates over multi-year ice in winter. Correcting these biases would impact a wide variety of model projections, calibrations, validations and reanalyses.
“That Flexible Flageolet”: Music, Homophobia, and Anti-Semitism in George Du Maurier's Trilby
Authors: Peak Anna
Published: January 2020

Freud argued in Totem and Taboo (1918) that where there is taboo there is also desire; we might reverse this idea slightly with regard to Trilby to say that where there is conflicted desire there is, and must also be, taboo, in order to contain and manage the troubling aspects of desire. That is, the novel is willing to portray with sympathy women dressed as men, men obsessed with feet, and groups of men living, wrestling, and sleeping together, only when (and because) anxiety regarding and fear of gender transgression is displaced onto the scapegoat figure of the effeminate Jew Svengali. Du Maurier's novel is undoubtedly progressive in many ways, but its progressivism is carried on the back of its anti-Semitism. Trilby can express transgressive desires only by simultaneously displacing anxiety regarding those desires and particularly anxiety about masculinity onto the figure of the foreigner and the Jew. This displacement suggests something, not only about the personal psychology of Du Maurier, but about the reasons his novel appealed to such a large audience, and even suggests a new way of thinking about why racism and anti-Semitism were on the increase at the fin de siècle.
Itinerarios corporales masculinos en Instagram: Análisis de nuevas formas identitarias masculinas en la sociedad de consumo
Authors: Ocampo Bernasconi Ismael
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo analiza la relación existente entre la identidad masculina y el cuidado estético del cuerpo en un grupo de publicaciones de usuarios de Instagram. Para ello, se trabaja con 141 fotos pertenecientes a diferentes usuarios varones de la red. Partiendo de un eje teórico que une conceptos de los estudios de las masculinidades, de la sociología del cuerpo y de algunas de las teorías de la posmodernidad, se lleva a cabo un análisis cualitativo, tanto de las fotos como de los textos que las acompañan. El análisis muestra que los usuarios persiguen un fin motivacional y relacional con las publicaciones. Así también, se observan formas masculinas hibridas, donde los sujetos analizados convierten en objeto de deseo y de sacrilegio al cuerpo masculino normativo, estigmatizando así su propio yo en la medida en que no se posee plena y permanentemente ese cuerpo idealizado.
La investigación aplicada a los estudios de mercado
Authors: Tobar Luis Antonio
Published: January 2020

Los estudios sobre la investigación de mercados se desarrollaron en un principio por expertos en Ciencias Sociales, los cuales al llevar a cabo estudios de opinión pública fueron tomados en cuenta para los mismos. La investigación como un componente fundamental en cualquier área resulta muy importante para realizar una variedad de estudios sobre el consumo, preferencias por marcas, entre otros. Los estudios de mercado toman importancia a tal grado, que hoy en día existen departamentos académicos en las principales universidades del mundo, utilizando los métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos para levar a cabo este tipo de estudios.
Las tierras con vocación cafetalera y el Martinato 1933: génesis del municipio del Congo, departamento de Santa Ana
Authors: Martínez Marín Luis Alberto
Published: January 2020

El trabajo está encaminado a develar cómo  “la vocación cafetalera” de las tierras altas del departamento de Santa Ana, específicamente los municipios de Coatepeque, y parte de lo que hoy constituye el municipio de El Congo, 1933; que se escindió del primero, fue donde se extendió la frontera agrícola santaneca. Además, quiere mostrar parte de una política clientelar que forjó y mantuvo la era del General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez (1931-1944), y coadyuvó al surgimiento del municipio de El Congo, en 1933.
Top-down and out?
Authors: Merz Anna
Published: January 2020

Top-down and out? Reassessing the labelling approach in the light of corporate deviance

Multi-national corporations are increasingly facing attention and disapproval by different actors, including authorities, public and (non-) commercial organizations. Digital globalization and especially social media as a low-cost, highly interactive and multidirectional platform shape a unique context for this rising attention. In the literature, much attention has been devoted to top-down approaches and strategies that corporations use to avoid stigmatization and sanctioning of their behaviour. Reactions to corporate harm are, however, seldom researched from a labelling perspective. As a result, corporations are not considered as objects towards whom labelling is targeted but rather as actors who hamper such processes and who, as moral entrepreneurs, influence which behaviour is labelled deviant. Based on theoretical analysis of literature and case studies, this article will discuss how the process of labelling has changed in light of the digitalized, late-modern society and consequently, how the process should be revisited to be applicable for corporate deviance. Given a diversification of moral entrepreneurs and increasingly dependency of labelling and meaning-making on the online sphere, two new forms of labelling are introduced that specifically target institutions; that is bottom-up and horizontal labelling.
Researching elites at the margins of research ethics frameworks
Authors: Beizsley Daniel
Published: January 2020

Researching elites at the margins of research ethics frameworks

For social scientists undertaking critical research on elites in organisational contexts securing access is a challenging exercise that may rely on the use of several access strategies over extended periods. This process is further complicated by the existence of research ethics frameworks that establish boundaries to access strategies, posing dilemmas on how to best balance access needs with a commitment to ethical practices. This article focuses on such dilemmas – or the ‘ethics of access’ – through a reflection on PhD fieldwork during 2016-2017 in Luxembourg spent researching the European Investment Bank. The paper will conclude by calling for an overhaul of existing frameworks in order to foster more research on elites.
As I Lay Dying in the Machine Age
Authors: Matthews John T.
Published: January 2020

The following essay provides an analysis of the dialectical relationship between the aesthetic form of Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying and its „sedimented” social context. With its highly modernist and avant-garde qualities, As I Lay Dying stands out as one of Faulkner’s aesthetically most ambitious works. However, the author proposes, relying chiefl y on Adorno’s conceptual framework, a multifarious reappraisal in which the unconventional formal layer of Faulkner’s work manages to dialectically establish a textual independence while simultaneously uncovering the disturbing socioeconomic stratum that not only foregrounds the progressive shift of the New South but also provides a contextual base for As I Lay Dying.
On Comprehending Comics, or Little Nemo in the Land of (Meta)narratology
Authors: Jutkiewicz Michał
Published: January 2020

The paper proposes a model of reading comics that combines the perspectives
of postclassical narratology and comics studies. A few prominent narratology scholars,
such as David Herman, have used comics as a basis for revisions of their theories of narration as a cognitive construct. However, they tend to overlook the formal and medium-
-specifi c aspect of graphical narration. On the other hand, comics studies scholars tend
to focus on the formal elements of comics systems and overlook the infl uence of those
elements on storytelling. The article tries to connect these perspectives through a reference to Kari Kukkonen’s and Charles Hatfi eld’s critical approaches to comics. Hatfi eld’s
description of the reading of comics as an interplay of tensions on different semantic
levels of the medium leads to Kukkonen’s observation that constructing narration in comics is based on the cognitive process of inference and the creation of hypotheses that
are constantly verifi ed by readers who then construct mental images of the storyworlds.
The model proposed in the article describes the act of reading comics as a constant
oscillation between medium-specifi c formal elements, such as juxtapositions of images,
construction of panels, tensions between text and image, and narration as such. Illustrations of the thesis come primarily from Little Nemo in Slumberland by Windsor McCay
The Idea of Confereration in Juliusz Słowacki’s Political Writings
Authors: Westermark Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

The article is concerned with the idea of confederation in Juliusz Słowacki’s political
writings from 1846 to 1849. The possibility of forming a confederation, which the poet
perceived through the lens of the tradition of the Bar Confederation and the actions
of the Polish parliament-in-exile, was portrayed as a viable solution in the then political situation. It was not meant to be viewed simply as a military gathering, but primarily a national community founded on a spiritual basis. Słowacki’s idealistic attitude toward
the historical legacy of the Noble Republic led him to undertake a failed attempt at organizing his own confederation and prompted him to actively participate in the events of the Spring of Nations in Poznań.
How Is „author” Different from „aŁtor”: The Fannish Games with Authorship
Authors: Kulesza-Gulczyńska Barbara
Published: January 2020

A fannish attitude to the ideas of „author” and „authorship” seems to be ambiguous or even paradoxical. On the one hand, following the poststructural and postmodern tendencies of questioning the author’s ultimate power over their work and incorporating the elements of participatory culture and remix culture, allowing „amateurs” to create and re-create culture on their own, the fans frequently question the author’s ownership of the text and absolute right to explain its meanings to the audience. On the other hand, they still believe that the recognition of „an author” is ennobling. Thus, in fannish criticism of other fannish texts or even the books released in print, the term „aŁtor” is commonly used (which is a Polish satirical rendition of the word „ałtor”) to designate the writers who do not really qualify as „authors”.
„What Disappears Is Man in the Proper Sense of the Word”:
An Intricate Game with the Figure of the Author
in Houellebecq’s novel "The Map and the Territory"
Authors: Czardybon Marcin
Published: January 2020

The article concentrates on the signs of authorial presence in Michel Houellebecq’s
novel The Map and the Territory, including the author’s name, achievements and emploi.
A seemingly trivial procedure, so frequent in postmodern prose, in Houellebecq’s work, it becomes an important element of a complex structure, which engages in a polemic
with the regime of postmodernity. The article also traces Houellebecq’s debt to major
trends in European philosophy. The Map and the Territory problematizes the relationship
between the original and the copy as well as the notion of the end of history. The article
references, among others, Alexandre Kojève, Martin Heidegger, Plato and Jean Baudrillard.