bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conhecimentos Prévios Sobre a Ética nas Pesquisas Com Seres Humanos
Authors: Meneguelo Lobo da Costa Nielce , Nogueira Diniz Susana , Felício Brito Carlos Alexandre
Published: September 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar conhecimentos prévios de alunos sobre princípios éticos para pesquisas com seres humanos em Ensino de Ciências e Saúde. A metodologia foi a quali-quantitativa, com coleta por questionário aberto. O método de análise de conteúdo automatizada identificou cinco classes de conhecimentos prévios, subdivididos nos subcorpus: “Ética e Princípios” e “Riscos e benefícios”, apontando a existência de conhecimentos prévios sobre o conceito de Ética na pesquisa, entretanto, quanto aos princípios éticos básicos, se constata que foram citados a beneficência, a não maleficência e a autonomia, não tendo qualquer menção ao princípio da justiça. Esta pesquisa reforça a necessidade de discussão sobre Ética na Pesquisa, especialmente com pesquisadores iniciantes na área de Ensino.
PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO DA DIMENSÃO EDUCACIONAL E PROFISSIONAL DE PROFESSORES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA EGRESSOS DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO PÚBLICA DO AMAZONAS
Authors: Souza e Souza Inafran , dos Santos Vilasboas Renner , Justi Jadson
Published: September 2022

Este estudo teve como objetivo traçar o perfil sociodemográfico da dimensão educacional e profissional dos egressos do curso de licenciatura em Educação Física (atuantes na área) formados no Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Educação e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil. Metodologicamente este estudo caracteriza-se como descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. A produção de dados se fez por meio de entrevista à profissionais de Educação Física egressos da Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Utilizou-se também a análise de conteúdo como aporte metodológico complementar para os dados produzidos a fim de se atingir os objetivos. Os dados apresentados permitiram constatar que houve uma participação de 28 egressos do sexo masculino (84,9%) e 5 do sexo feminino (15,1%), tendo os participantes uma média de 33 anos de idade. Observou-se, também, que os participantes em sua maioria atuam na área da musculação, seguida pelas áreas de docência na educação básica e modalidades individuais (rendimento). A maioria dos egressos está trabalhando mais de 40 horas semanais na área (14; 42,4%). Os resultados obtidos neste estudo mostram que os egressos se preocupam com sua formação continuada e apontam que o curso de licenciatura em Educação Física oferta condições de aprendizado aos acadêmicos, podendo assim proporcionar uma base satisfatória na formação profissional dos acadêmicos atendendo as exigências do mercado de trabalho.
ALUNOS SURDOS NA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR: DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS DE DOCENTES
Authors: de Souza  Teixeira Danilza , Oliveira de Andrade Aldair , Justi Jadson
Published: September 2022

O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar a opinião de docentes da educação superior sobre os desafios e perspectivas em relação à inclusão do aluno surdo de um campus universitário vinculado à Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil. Metodologicamente, esta pesquisa enquadra-se como descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram nove professores que foram entrevistados levando em consideração suas concepções sobre o estudante surdo e processos de inclusão institucional. Os resultados evidenciam que o campus universitário em questão não apresenta condição de incluir alunos surdos em suas dependências. Conclui-se que há falta de intérprete de língua brasileira de sinais para atender alunos surdos, e há necessidade de capacitação docente sobre a surdez, haja vista que a maioria dos entrevistados não tem formação base curricular que lhe possibilite conhecimentos específicos sobre educação especial e processos de inclusão da pessoa com surdez.
Pengembangan Materi Teks Catatan Harian Dalam Bentuk Buku Suplemen Berbasis Pendekatan Pengalaman
Authors: Rofi’atul Mukaromah
Published: September 2022

Supplement book is a teaching material complement for student which from student’s text book.  There are some extra material from the main teaching material based from student’s book. In addition, supplement book is also known as complement book of student’s text book. The supplement book has some developing of teaching material from student’s text book. The teaching material which has developed in this research is daily note text teaching material that was packed into supplement book. Dialy note book teaching material in supplement book has developed based on experience approachment with 4D developing (define, design, develop, and dessiminate). This developing model is suggested by Thiagarajan, Semmel, and Semmel that adapted into 3D (define, design, and develop). The result of this research show that  Developing of dialy note text teaching material based on experience approachment in supplement book is deserved for the students based from the quality of content, language, presentation and also the graphic. The valuation for this research is based from the validator of language, content, and presentation, the validator of graphic, bahasa Indonesia teacher as monitoring teacher and also researche’s parteners. Beside that, the efectiveness is very effective based on the valuation from monitoring teacher and also researche’s partners when this methode was shown in the class
DAC MIKROKONTROLER ARDUINO MENGGUNAKAN RANGKAIAN EMITTER FOLLOWER (EF) TRANSISTOR PNP
Authors: Admin Admin , Susanto Heru
Published: September 2022

Sinyal analog berupa tegangan antara 0 – 5V tidak dapat dihasilkan oleh mikrokontroler arduino, sehingga diperlukan rangkaian eksternal untuk menghasilkan sinyal tersebut. Rangkaian eksternal Emitter Follower (EF) mengunakan transistor PNP dapat digunakan untuk mengubah  sinyal PWM dengan lebar pulsa tertentu  ke dalam sinyal tegangan listrik, sehingga konversi digital ke analog (DAC) di mikrokontroler arduino memungkinkan dilakukan.Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen. Pin out 6 mikrokontroler arduino nano di fungsikan sebagai Pulse Wide Modulation (PWM) dengan frekuensi 1000 Hz dan terhubung ke rangkaian EF. Perintah numerik lebar pulsa (duty cycle) tertentu dari sinyal PWM di mikrokontroler arduino akan dilakukan konversi dirangkaian EF untuk menghasilkan keluaran (output) sinyal analog berupa tegangan listrik. Hasil dari penelitian ini, dengan mengubah lebar pulsa PWM dari 0 - 100% di pin out 6 mikrokontroler arduino dapat mengubah tegangan output rangkaian EF  dari 0,68 - 5V. output dari rangkaian tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sinyal tegangan referensi.
Assessment of land cover changes on Subi Reef in Truong Sa Islands, Vietnam using multi-temporal Landsat images
Authors: Le Minh Hang
Published: September 2022

In this article, the author proposes that Landsat images should be pre-processed using the DOS method for atmospheric correction and the Gram-Schmidt method for image enhancement. According to the results, the overall classification accuracy of multi-temporal images achieved over 85%, and Landsat images are suitable for classifying land cover on small islands in Truong Sa Islands, such as Subi Reef.
SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA PENYAKIT REFRAKSI MENGGUNAKAN METODE FORWARD CHAINING BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Jenny Cahyani Edha , Kosasi Sandy
Published: September 2022

Refractive diseases often occur in the community. Many people are not aware of the symptoms, some are aware that they are reluctant to consult directly with a doctor for reason that they are afraid of spending a large amount of money just to diagnose refractive disease. Based on some these problems, system that can adopt ability of an expert is an expert system. With this expert system, it can be a solution for community in diagnosing refractive diseases. Expert system diagnose refractive disease was built using the forward chaining method. Software designed using prototype method by using Design Science Research method. Software testing uses black-box testing method, program code units with boundary value testing techniques. Results of this software design in the form of software that’s named "Expert system for diagnosing refractive diseases". This software is designed using web-based programming language, HTML, CSS, PHP with MySQL database. Results displayed by system in the form of diagnostic results containing the disease diagnosed. These results are based on symptoms that have been filled in by user. This expert system software can provide references and assist users in providing information about their illness, initial treatment solutions and prevention of refractive diseases.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R & D) PADA APLIKASI PENGELOLAAN ARSIP
Authors: Wajdi Muh. Farid , Tandililing Mika
Published: September 2022

Archives are one of the important assets owned by the regional revenue agency office so that more attention is needed so that it can facilitate the process of processing archives to be efficient and easy. This study aims to design a web-based application of the archives of the regional revenue agency using the R&D method and interviews, observations, literature studies as data collection techniques so that the results of this study are expected to help the work in the office of the regional revenue agency in South Sulawesi.
Lignes directrices internationales d'éthique pour la recherche en matière de santé impliquant des participants humains
Authors:   Conseil des Organisations internationales des Sciences médicales (CIOMS)
Published: September 2022

À la fin des années 1970, le CIOMS a entamé en association avec l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé des travaux sur l’éthique dans le domaine de la recherche médicale. Dès lors, le CIOMS a entrepris, en coopération avec l’OMS, d’élaborer des lignes directrices pour indiquer comment les principes éthiques, tels que définis dans la Déclaration d’Helsinki de l’Association médicale mondiale, pouvaient efficacement être appliqués, notamment dans des environnements à faibles ressources, compte tenu de leurs situations socio-économiques, des législations nationales et des modalités d’administration et de gestion. Les lignes directrices d’éthique du CIOMS ont été remaniées depuis et les éditions révisées publiées en 1993 et 2002. Les dernières avancées en matière de recherche ont conduit le CIOMS à les réviser de nouveau. Cette nouvelle publication vous présente les résultats de ce travail. -- Dans cette nouvelle version 2016, le CIOMS apporte des réponses à plusieurs questions urgentes en matière d’éthique dans le domaine de la recherche. Pour ce faire, le Conseil souligne la nécessité pour la recherche d’avoir des valeurs scientifique et sociale, fournit des lignes directrices spécifiques pour la recherche médicale dans des environnements à faibles ressources, détaille les dispositions relatives à l’implication de groupes vulnérables et décrit sous quelles conditions les prélèvements biologiques et données relatives à la santé peuvent être utilisés.
CIOMS Cumulative Pharmacovigilance Glossary
Authors:   CIOMS Glossary Advisory Board
Published: September 2022

This glossary compiles the terms and definitions from published CIOMS pharmacovigilance reports. Version 1.1 newly includes the terms and definitions from three vaccine-related and two pharmacovigilance-related CIOMS Working Group reports. It does not cover CIOMS reports on the subjects of ethics, clinical pharmacology, product development, the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA), or publications resulting from CIOMS Roundtable Discussions.
Intervenções Governamentais e Transformação no Setor Madeireiro de Paragominas
Authors: Oliveira Ágta Thiala de Sousa , Baia Renata Santana , Lins Rafaela Rodrigues , Silva David Costa Correia da
Published: September 2022

Paragominas, no Pará, está no rol de municipios amazônicos que surgiram com o processo de conversão das áreas florestadas em áreas produtoras de commodities, mais especificamente, madeira, carne e grãos. Em anos recentes, essa dinâmica econômica passou a ser combatida tanto pelo Estado, quanto pelo mercado. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a relação entre as intervenções governamentais no setor madeireiro de Paragominas a partir de uma abordagem institucionalista e com foco nas transformações no setor produtivo e no combate ao desmatamento. Para cumprir os objetivos foram realizadas entrevistas com sete empresas do setor madeireiro e o sindicado das serrarias do municipio. Os resultados apontam que as leis e o comando e controle serviram de restrições institucionais que de um lado forçaram a adaptação das empresas no novo enquadramento legal e de outro excluiram do mercado os empreendimentos que ficaram alheios a adequação e qualificação setorial.'
FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN KETUBAN PECAH DINI DI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Handiani Dinda
Published: September 2022

Anemia pada kehamilan adalah anemia karena kekurangan zat besi, dan Ketuban Pecah Dini adalah pecahnya ketuban sebelum persalinan. Bila ketuban pecah dini sebelum usia kehamilan 37 minggu disebut ketuban pecah dini pada kehamilan prematur terjadi pada 1% kehamilan. Dalam keadaan normal 8-10% perempuan hamil aterm akan mengalami ketuban pecah dini, pada kehamilan aterm 28-34% minggu, 50% persalinan dalam 24 jam. Pada kehamilan kurang dari 26 minggu persalinan terjadi dalam 1 minggu. Sebagian dari kejadian ketuban pecah dini mempunyai periode laten melebihi 1 minggu. Early Rupture Of Membrane adalah ketuban pecah pada periode laten persalinan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui faktorfaktor yang mempengatuhi kejadian Ketuban Pecah Dini di Rumah Sakit Umum Kota Tangerang Selatan pada tahun 2019.Metode yang digunakan adalah chi squre dengan cross sectiobnal. Populasi sebanyak 143 responden dengan Teknik pengambilan sampel purpuosive sampling yang dilakukan pengambilan data pada bulan Januari sampai Juni 2020. Sampel didapatkan dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin sebesar 59 responden. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah tidak ada hubungan antara KPD dengan kelainan letak (pvalue=0.737), gemlli (Pvalue=0.338), pekerjaan (Pvalue 0.742). dan terdapat hubungan antara usia kehamilan dengan kejadian ketuban pecah dini Pvalue 0.021. sehingga diperlukan terus meningkatan pelayanan kepada masyarakat dan agar ibu hamil menjaga kehamilannya dengan rutin melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilannya agar terhidar komplikasi dalam persalinannya kelak.
TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN REMAJA TENTANG SEKS BEBAS
Authors: Anggraeni Liza
Published: September 2022

Seks bebas adalah hubungan seksual yang dilakukan pra nikah (tanpa menikah) dan sering berganti pasangan. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat pengetahuan remaja berdasarkan umur remaja, pendidikan orang tua, dan sumber informasi di Kelurahan Bojong Jaya Menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional dengan teknik proposional random sampling. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 60 responden. Instrument penelitian menggunakan data primer yang diambil di kuesioner kemudian hasilnya diolah dengan menggunakan aplikasi spss versi 22 yang di presentasikan dalam tabel. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antarapemeriksaan umur remaja (P value = 0,005), sumber informasi (P value = 0,048), dan diapatkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan orang tua (P value = 0,068) dengan tingkat pengetahuan remaja tentang seks bebas di Kelurahan Bojong Jaya. Dapat di simpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara umur remaja, sumber informasi. Dari hasil penelitian tingkat pengetahuan remaja tentang seks bebas masih rendah sehingga pihak sekolah harus memberikan edukasi remaja seks bebas melalui penyuluhan dengan kerja sama dengan instansi kesehatan terkait.
Ilham Ramadan PRINSIP-PRINSIP PENDIDIKAN PERPEKTIF ALQURAN DAN HADIS
Authors: Siregar Ilham Ramadan
Published: September 2022

The principle of Islamic education is the main basis for human beings to carry out their main duties on earth either as caliph or position as a servant. As a caliph in charge of managing the earth, it is necessary to have several principles that become the basis or foundation in its implementation. So the way to obtain these principles is through Islamic education. Some principles of education, if traced from the development of early Islam as contained in the hadith of the Prophet, although the explanations are still very general, the Prophet, peace be upon him, has talked about them a lot. Both about principles in seeking knowledge and when conveying knowledge which is part of the educational process. With the principle of Islamic education based on the Qur'an and hadith as the main reference, it is hoped that Islamic education will be more focused and not lose its initial goal, which is to bring success in education which then brings goodness in the world and the hereafter.

 

  

ABSTRAK

 

Prinsip pendidikan Islam merupakan dasar utama bagi umat manusia untuk melaksanakan tugas pokoknya di muka bumi baik sebagai khalifah ataupun posisinya sebagai seorang hamba. Sebagai seorang khalifah yang bertugas untuk mengelola bumi, maka dibutuhkan adanya beberapa prinsip yang menjadi dasar atau tumpuan dalam pelaksanaannya. Maka cara untuk memperoleh prinsip-prinsip tersebut adalah melalui pendidikan Islam. Beberapa prinsip pendidikan, jika ditelusuri dari perkembangan Islam awal seperti yang terdapat dalam hadis Nabi saw., meski penjelasannya masih sangat umum, namun Nabi saw., telah banyak membicarakannya. Baik tentang prinsip dalam mencari ilmu maupun ketika menyampaikan suatu ilmu yang merupakan bagian dari proses pendidikan.

Dengan adanya prinsip pendidikan Islam yang didasarkan kepada Alquran dan hadis sebagai acuan utama, maka diharapkan pendidikan Islam akan lebih terarah dan tidak kehilangan tujuan awal, yaitu dapat membawa keberhasilan dalam pendidikan yang kemudian membawa kebaikan di dunia maupun akhirat.
IDRIS SIREGAR ANALISIS PEMIKIRAN MUHAMMAD SYAHRUR DALAM KAJIAN HADIS
Authors: SIREGAR IDRIS
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT                                                                

 

Alquran and Hadith is the source for Islamic teachings. This statement is in line with the explanation that the Qur'an is the first main source before the hadith of the Prophet SAW. The study of hadith can be carried out comprehensively in Islamic studies. In history, the crown of Islamic-based knowledge has been mastered by the science of Alquran and hadith, this statement was expressed by Yusuf al-Qardhawi, asserting that Alquran and hadith can turn into masdar and Tsaqafah Islamiyah, this can be seen from the many works of scholars Alquran and hadith. As a masdar in Islamic law, Alquran and hadith continues to be developed to find the right understanding and according to the times, so that Alquran and hadith scholars continue to make efforts in understanding. One of the modern intellectuals who tries to see the side ofAlqurana and hadith that is contrary to the majority of scholars, namely Muhammad Shahrur, who in his book as-Sunnah ar-Rasuliyah wa as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyah offers some very controversial ideas, and are often sentenced as heretical by scholars. conservative.

                                                                                                  

                                                                                                                                                                                

  

ABSTRAK

 

Alquran dan Hadis merupakan sumber pokok bagi ajaran Islam. Pernyataan ini senada dengan penjelasan bahwa Alquran adalah sumber pokok pertama sebelum hadis Nabi SAW. Pengkajian hadis dapat dilakukan secara komprehensif dalam Islamic studies. Dalam sejarah, mahkota ilmu yang berbasis Islam pernah dikuasai ilmu Alqurran dan hadis, statement ini diungkapkan oleh Yusuf al-Qardhawi, menegaskan bahwa Alquran dan hadis dapat berubah menjadi masdar dan Tsaqafah Islamiyah, hal ini terlihat dari banyaknya karya ulama dalam kajian Alquran dan hadis. Sebagai masdar dalam hukum islam, Alquran dan hadis terus dikembangakan untuk mencari pemahaman yang tepat dan sesuai jaman, sehingga para ulama terus melakukan upaya-upaya dalam memahaminya. Salah satu intelektual modern yang mencoba melihat sisi Alquran dan hadis yang berseberangan dengan mayoritas ulama yaitu Muhammad syahrur, yang dalam bukunya as-Sunnah ar-Rasuliyah wa as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyah menawarkan beberapa buah pikirannya yang sangat kontroversial, bahkan sering divonis sebagai aliran sesat oleh ulama konservatif.
Overexpression of cholinergic receptor nicotinic gamma subunit inhibits proliferation and differentiation of bovine preadipocytes
Authors: Du Jiawei , Zhao Hui , Song Guibing , Pang Yuan , Jiang Lei , Zan Linsen , Wang Hongbao
Published: September 2022

Objective: Muscle acetylcholine receptors have five alpha subunits (α, β, δ, ε, or γ), and cholinergic receptor nicotinic gamma subunit (CHRNG) is the γ subunit. It may also play an essential role in biological processes, including cell differentiation, growth, and survival, while the role of CHRNG has not been studied in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of CHRNG on the proliferation and differentiation of bovine preadipocytes.Methods: We constructed a CHRNG overexpression adenovirus vector and successfully overexpressed it on bovine preadipocytes. The effects of CHRNG on bovine preadipocyte proliferation were detected by Edu assay, cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot and other techniques. We also performed oil red O, RT-qPCR, Western blot to explore its effect on the differentiation of preadipocytes.Results: The results of Edu proliferation experiments showed that the number of EDU-positive cells in the overexpression group was significantly less. CCK-8 experiments found that the optical density values of the cells in the overexpression group were lower than those of the control group, the mRNA levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin A2 (CCNA2), cyclin B1 (CCNB1), cyclin D2 (CCND2) decreased significantly after CHRNG gene overexpression, the mRNA levels of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) increased significantly, and the protein levels of PCNA, CCNB1, CCND2 decreased significantly. Overexpression of CHRNG inhibited the differentiation of bovine preadipocytes. The results of oil red O and triglyceride determination showed that the size and speed of lipid droplets accumulation in the overexpression group were significantly lower. The mRNA and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPα), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FASN) decreased significantly.Conclusion: Overexpression of CHRNG in bovine preadipocytes inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of bovine preadipocytes.
Comparison of rectum fecal bacterial community of finishing bulls fed high-concentrate diets with active dry yeast and yeast culture supplementation
Authors: Gao Kai , Geng Chunyin
Published: September 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding active dry yeast (ADY) and yeast culture (YC) on fecal bacterial community in finishing bulls fed high-concentrate diets in the same experimental environment.Methods: Forty-five healthy finishing cattle (Simmental×Chinese Luxi yellow bulls; 24 months; 505±29 kg) were randomly divided into three groups: i) CON group (control group, only fed basal diet), ii) ADY group (fed basal diet + active dry yeast), and iii) YC group (fed basal diet + yeast culture). At the end of the trial, nine rectum fecal samples were randomly selected from each group for bacterial DNA sequencing.Results: There was no difference among groups about alpha diversity indices (all p>0.05), including ACE, Chao 1, Shannon, and Simpson indices. Principal component analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed a high similarity among three groups. Compared with CON group, ADY and YC groups had greater relative abundance of c_Clostridia, o_Oscillospirales, and f_Oscillospiraceae, but lesser relative abundance of g_Megasphaera, and s_Megasphaera_elsdenii (all p<0.01). And, the relative abundances of p_Firmicutes (p = 0.03), s_Prevotella_sp (p = 0.03), o_Clostridiales (p<0.01), g_Clostridium (p<0.01), f_Caloramatoraceae (p<0.01), and f_Ruminococcaceae (p = 0.04) were increased in the ADY group. The PICRUSt2 prediction results showed that the metabolic pathways had no significant differences among groups (p>0.05). Besides, the relative abundance of c_Clostridia (r = 0.42), and f_Oscillospiraceae (r = 0.40) were positively correlated to average daily gain of finishing bulls (p<0.05).Conclusion: Both of ADY and YC had no effect on diversity of fecal bacteria in finishing bulls, but the supplementation of ADY and YC can improve the large intestinal function in finishing bulls by increasing the abundance of cellulolytic bacteria and altering the abundance of lactic acid-utilizing bacteria.
Indie Games BR: estado da arte das pesquisas sobre jogos independentes no Brasil
Authors: Prieto Daniel Teixeira , Nesteriuk Sérgio
Published: September 2022

Este artigo realiza uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura acadêmica brasileira que tenha como objeto de estudo os jogos independentes (indie games). A partir do trabalho de Parker (2013), é proposta uma categorização dos textos, enquadrando-os nas trilhas de estudo propostas pelos autores, e que permitem estabelecer o estado da arte deste tema no país.
Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Intracameral Injection of Marcaine and Lidocaine on Postoperative Pain and Recovery After Cataract Surgery
Authors: Moradi Farsani Darioush , Koosha Nima , Yavari Samira , Fotovat Amirreza , Shetabi Hamidreza
Published: September 2022

Background: Various topical (intracameral) analgesics are used to relieve postoperative pain after cataract surgery. Objectives: We decided to compare the effects of intracameral Marcaine and lidocaine on pain intensity after the cataract operation. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 64 patients who were candidates for cataract surgery were randomly assigned to either anesthesia with lidocaine or bupivacaine (Marcaine) by intracameral injection. Study endpoints included pain score, hemodynamic status, patient satisfaction, and recovery duration. Results: The Marcaine group experienced a shorter recovery than another group (P = 0.001). The mean pain score at the different time points after the operation was significantly lower in the group receiving Marcaine than those receiving lidocaine (P < 0.001). Our study showed a higher level of patients’ satisfaction with Marcaine as compared to the lidocaine group (P = 0.026). However, postoperative hemodynamic status was similar in both groups. Conclusions: Compared with lidocaine, intracameral injection of Marcaine results in a shorter postoperative recovery period, reduced pain intensity, and higher satisfaction among patients after cataract surgery.
Cecum Necrosis with Terminal Ileum Perforation Due to Invasive Fungal Infection in a Patient with Diabetes Mellitus and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report
Authors: Eslamian Mohammad , Rabiee Rad Mehrdad , Ghasempour Dabaghi Ghazal , Goharian Maryam , Farhang Amir
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Immunosuppression conditions are the leading risk factors for opportunistic fungal infections. The clinical manifestation is related to the site of infection. Gastrointestinal (GI) mucormycosis is a rare form of this disease, even in immunosuppressed patients. Case Presentation: We report rare cecum necrosis with terminal ileum perforation resulting from infiltration of mucormycosis in the cecum wall and terminal ileum mesentery in a patient with diabetes mellitus and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). During chemotherapy for AML, the patient presented diarrhea followed by constipation, severe progressive abdominal pain, and fecaloid peritonitis. Perforation of the terminal ileum was observed during the surgery. Ileostomy, right hemicolectomy, and resection of necrotic tissue were performed, and bowel mucormycosis was confirmed on histologic examination. Unfortunately, the patient expired five days after surgery. Conclusions: Gastrointestinal mucormycosis is an uncommon infection with symptoms like abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and melena. The mortality of GI involvement is due to perforation, peritonitis, and GI bleeding.
Evaluation of Medical Students' Satisfaction with the Virtual Assessment of Cardiac Physiology Course
Authors: Ghaheri Seyedeh Zeinab , Maghsoudi Fatemeh , Mobarak Sara , Radmanesh Esmat
Published: September 2022

Background: Universities have switched to virtual assessments due to the spread of COVID-19 around the world. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the satisfaction level of medical students at the Abadan University of Medical Sciences (AUMS) with the virtual assessment methods of the cardiac physiology course. Methods: This study was conducted on 42 medical students of AUMS who were in the second semester of 2020 - 2021 (COVID-19 pandemic) and participated in the cardiac physiology course. Researchers developed an online questionnaire with 17 questions about students' satisfaction with assessment methods. Data were collected and organized in SPSS Software Version 21 for descriptive statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 21.4 ± 2.08 years, of whom 76.2% (32) agreed that a higher percentage of the score should relate to the virtual formative assessment and 78.6% (33) experienced more stress in virtual summative assessment compared to the formative method. About 93.6% (39) agreed that all virtual summative assessment questions should be multiple-choice, and 88.4% (37) believed that allocating 1 to 2 minutes for each multiple-choice summative assessment question lowers their stress levels. Conclusions: According to the results, the virtual formative assessment had an accepted place in the cardiac physiology course and helped students reduce stress and learn more. The students preferred summative assessment questions to be multiple-choice due to the difficulty of the cardiac physiology course. More research should be conducted on this subject with a larger sample size in future studies.
Comparing the Educational Commitment of Iranian and Top Global Universities with Emphasis on Medical Universities
Authors: Vahedjavan Vahid , Taghizade Saide
Published: September 2022

Context: Ethics is important in higher education, especially in medical universities. Educational commitment is an essential part of ethics in higher education, which has received less attention. This study aimed to evaluate the educational commitment in universities of Iran and compare it with top global universities with an emphasis on medical universities. Methods: This qualitative study has used a comparative study by George Brady's model. The population consisted of the top 100 global universities and 539 Iranian universities regarding educational commitment based on related documents, which were selected by a complete enumeration sampling method. Results: The educational commitment led to better educational efficiency in universities with an emphasis on medical universities. Therefore, eight main parts were proposed to formulate and promote the educational commitment in universities with an emphasis on medical universities. Conclusions: According to the results, educational commitment in universities with an emphasis on medical universities led to better educational efficiency but was not considered properly by the Iranian universities, unlike the top global universities. Iranian medical universities were in better condition. Furthermore, the universities with an educational commitment did not have a specific unity in expressing their content. Therefore, the present study is necessary, which requires special attention from relevant managers.
Evaluation of Critically Ill Paediatric Patients in the Adult ICU
Authors: Sevdi Mehmet Salih , Erkalp Kerem
Published: September 2022

Background: Critically ill paediatric patient (CIPP) care may be required in the adult intensive care unit (aICU) of hospitals in cases where there is no paediatric intensive care unit (pICU) or when the pICU bed capacity is insufficient. Objectives: This is a retrospective evaluation of CIPPs who were accommodated in aICUs over the last 10 years to determine the type of hospital admission, indications for hospitalization, presence of comorbidities, treatments, causes of mortality, and effects of these parameters on mortality. Methods: We retrospectively analysed the medical records of 600 patients aged 28 days to 17 years who had been cared for at least 24 hours in aICUs between 2011 and 2021. Results: The average age of the CIPPs ((252 female (42%), 348 male (58%)) was 6 (7.4 ± 5.4) years. The mortality rate was 14.7%, and trauma (31.8%) was the most common cause of mortality, followed by respiratory diseases and septic shock. The independent risk factors found to be associated with mortality were as follows: Lower age, admission to ICUs from emergency departments of hospitals, higher Pediatric Risk of Mortality III and Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction II scores, duration of hospital stay and of mechanical ventilation, vasopressor/inotropic agent requirement in the first 24 hours, higher total transfusion requirement, presence of nosocomial infection, thrombocytopenia, and lower haemoglobin level. Conclusions: It is important to achieve the best results and better outcomes for CIPPs in pICUs. However, a significant proportion of CIPPs currently hospitalized in aICUs are admitted with trauma. A close follow-up of mortality scores and clinical parameters in the early period of CIPP care in the aICU is critical as some mortality risk factors are preventable.
New Fluorescent Nanosensor for Determination of Diazepam Using Molecularly Imprinted Mn-doped ZnS Quantum Dots
Authors: Samadi-Maybodi Abdolraouf , Abbasifar Javad , Malekaneh Mohammad
Published: September 2022

: In this study, molecularly imprinted Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots were used as nanosensors to determine diazepam and its metabolites. Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots (QDs) capped with L-cysteine were prepared using a sodium thiosulfate precursor and characterized by various methods. Methacrylic acid was used as a precursor for the synthesis of MIP Mn-doped ZnS QDs and then used to measure diazepam in various samples. The linear dynamic range, coefficient of determination, and detection limit were found to be 0.3 - 250 µmol/L, 0.989 and 8.78 × 10-2 µmol/L, respectively. The interference studies showed that the prepared nanosensor was selective for diazepam and its metabolites
Mesodiverticular Band with Meckel’s Enterolith Caused Acute Small Bowel Obstruction and Perforation: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Singh Thokchom-Bishwajit , Sinha Vikas , Basabaraj Gokul , Devi Tekcham-Roshini
Published: September 2022

: The most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract is the Meckel’s diverticulum which is a true diverticulum, involving the whole walls of the small intestine. John Friedrich Meckel described the embryological basis for congenital diverticulum of the midgut in 1809. Meckel’s diverticulum is complicated with enterolithiasis in 3 - 10% of cases. Adults with Meckel’s diverticulum are most likely to present with intestinal obstruction. Meckel’s primary enterolith and Meckel’s mesodiverticular band rarely cause acute small bowel obstruction. However, we did a thorough literature search, and we were unable to find a single case where both Meckel’s primary enterolith and Meckel’s mesodiverticular band were causing acute small bowel obstruction and perforation. We report such a case, and ours is the first of its type.
Attenuation of Morphine Dependence by Ganoderma lucidum Extract in Mice
Authors: Rezaei Kamran , Sheikholeslami Mohammad-Abbas , Salimi-Sabour Ebrahim , Lotfali Ensieh , Parvardeh Siavash
Published: September 2022

Background: Opioids are the principal drugs of choice for managing acute severe pain; however, physical dependence is still reported as one of the main limiting factors in the clinical application of these drugs. In the present study, the effect of Ganoderma lucidum was assessed on morphine dependence in mice. Methods: A 19-day administration schedule was applied to induce morphine dependence in male adult NMRI mice. The mice were given intraperitoneal (i.p.) morphine sulfate once daily in an increasing dose of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg. Then, G. lucidum hydroalcoholic extract (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) was given to the mice from days 10 to 18. Another group of mice received single doses of the extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) only on the 19th day. Naloxone (3 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to precipitate withdrawal syndrome. Normal saline and diazepam (0.25 mg/kg) were used as the negative and positive controls, respectively. Results: The administration of single doses of G. lucidum extract (100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly decreased the number of jumps, leanings, and diarrhea in mice subjected to morphine dependence. The repeated administration of G. lucidum extract (25 and 50 mg/kg for nine days) significantly attenuated the number of jumps, leanings, and diarrhea in morphine-dependent mice. Conclusions: Overall, G. lucidum extract attenuates induced morphine dependence and inhibits withdrawal syndrome symptoms in mice.
3 Cat-4 mission, 1-Unit CubeSat for earth observation: Evaluation on the qualification and production during Phase D
Authors: Morea Albert , Fernández Lara , Gonga Amadeu , Ruiz De Azúa Ortega Juan Adrián , Muñoz Joan Francesc , Badia Marc , Pérez Adrián , García Alejandro , Crisan Ieremia , Contreras Luis J. , Sobrino Hidalgo Marco , Llaveria Godoy David , Camps Carmona Adriano José
Published: September 2022

The 3Cat-4 mission is a 1-unit CubeSat platform that serves as a technology demonstrator and educational platform for students at Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC). Promoted by the UPC Nanosatellite and Payload Laboratory (UPC NanoSatLab), the most notable subsystems that innovate in the nanosatellite scenario are (1) the Flexible Microwave Payload - 1 (FMPL-1) [1], a cost-effective payload to execute Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R), and L-band microwave radiometry experiments using a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software-defined radio (SDR) and (2) the Nadir Antenna Deployment Subsystem (NADS) [2], an in-orbit deployable high-directivity antenna used by Earth Observation (EO) payloads. This paper presents the findings of the 3Cat-4 mission during Phase D, the qualification and production phase of the project. Since the publication of the first introductory work for this mission in 2019[3], several sections of the subsystems have been
redesigned and upgraded to correct previous design flaws or to meet new requirements. In addition, this paper addresses the educational perspective of this mission, analyzing its performance and usefulness in the aforementioned subject.
Avaliação do geossítio da Praia do Atalaia (Pará, Brasil): proposta de sítio paleontológico na Amazônia Oriental
Authors: Sepulvreda Barbara Alves , Costa Sue Anne Regina Ferreira da , Lima Aline Maria Meiguins de
Published: September 2022

A Praia do Atalaia, localizada no município de Salinópolis, nordeste do estado do Pará, é um local onde ocorrem abundantes registros paleontológicos. Contudo, apesar de estudados há décadas, tais registros não são reconhecidos formalmente pelas instituições de proteção do patrimônio, tornando difícil as medidas de conservação voltadas aos afloramentos fossilíferos na praia. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar quantitativamente os valores do geopatrimônio da Praia do Atalaia. Para isso, utilizou-se a plataforma online GEOSSIT, que é o Sistema de Cadastro e Quantificação de Geossítios e Sítios da Geodiversidade do Brasil. Obteve-se os valores de 305 para o risco de degradação, 170 para o valor científico, 300 para o valor educativo e 275 para o valor turístico. O sítio paleontológico foi classificado como Sítio de Geodiversidade, possuindo elevado potencial educativo e turístico. A quantificação dos registros paleontológicos da Praia do Atalaia constitui um dos primeiros passos para o reconhecimento do geopatrimônio, garantindo assim que medidas diversas de geoconservação possam ser aplicadas, preservando o patrimônio de importância geológica da Amazônia Oriental.
Educação polar e contação de histórias: as narrativas dos “Casos de Antártica”
Authors: Petsch Carina , Batista Natália Lampert
Published: September 2022

A Antártica é um relevante continente a ser estudado, porém, muitas vezes, é carregado de mitos e de desinformações a seu respeito. Assim, contar histórias digitalmente (DST, em inglês) sobre a Antártica pode colaborar com o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, já que é necessário buscar dados para o desenvolvimento do enredo. Para tanto, os objetivos desta pesquisa são (i) apresentar a metodologia de criação de um curso de extensão sobre a Antártica, de forma totalmente remota; (ii) descrever o conteúdo dos vídeos elaborados – chamados de Casos de Antártica; e (iii) analisar os Casos de Antártica, elaborados pelos alunos, com o método DST. O curso de extensão foi desenvolvido em quatro encontros síncronos, contando com a participação de 25 alunos. Para a realização da proposta, foi organizado material audiovisual, teórico e jogos de revisão do conteúdo. A criação de Casos de Antártica pelos participantes ocorreu de forma assíncrona. As histórias apresentadas pelos participantes envolveram aspectos físicos do continente, a fauna local, aspectos migratórios e conceitos cartográficos, itens trabalhados durante o curso Casos de Antártica. Destaca-se o êxito no método adotado, embora o ensino remoto com sua sobrecarga de atividades tenha impossibilitado a finalização do curso para a maioria dos participantes. Por fim, o curso proporcionou a construção de conhecimento pelos cursistas, podendo contribuir com vivências e memórias que serão utilizadas na sua carreira docente e destinadas a efetivação do ensino polar nas escolas.
Discussion on the Full Entropy Assumption of the SP 800-90 Series
Authors: Buller Darryl
Published: September 2022

NIST SP 800-90 series support the generation of high-quality random bits for cryptographic and non-cryptographic use. The security of a random number generator depends on the unpredictability of its outputs, which can be measured in terms of entropy. NIST SP 800-90 series uses min-entropy to measure entropy. A full-entropy bitstring has an amount of entropy equal to its length. Full-entropy bitstrings are important for cryptographic applications, as these bitstrings have ideal randomness properties and may be used for any cryptographic purpose. Due to the difficulty of generating and testing full-entropy bitstrings, SP 800-90 series assume that a bitstring has full entropy if the amount of entropy per bit is at least 1 - ε, where ε is at most 2-32. This report provides a justification for the selection of ε. This is accomplished as follows. The report begins by defining full entropy in terms of a hypothetical distinguishing game. The report then derives two results following from this definition. First, it is shown how output satisfying this definition can be generated using a conditioning function acting on data having a known entropy level. Second, the actual entropy level of output produced by such a process is computed, thereby providing support for the selected value of ε.
Do paramedics agree in scoring prehospital patients’ mobility?
Authors: Asmussen Søren Westh
Published: September 2022

Background: Early warning scores has been widely used as a triage tool but in some instances been limited in spotting critical ill patients. Reduced mobility has been associated with short-term mortality, increased length of hospital stay and has been suggested as an addition to early warning scores.   Few studies investigated reliability of mobility scores. These have been in-hospital and based on specific patient types. Scoring of patient mobility in ambulances can be troublesome due to a hectic environment. There are no studies investigating inter-rater agreement of a mobility score applicable to a wide range of patients prehospital. The objectives of this study was to test inter-rater agreement between two ambulance clinicians using a mobility score for the same prehospital patient. Secondary to compare clinicians to observers and test if there is a difference in scores between regions.

Methods: A reliability study of a 4-category mobility score in the prehospital setting conducted on ambulance clinicians from the North- and Central Denmark Region and The Faroe Islands assessing patients. Data was collected between June 2020 to May 2021 and 251 ambulance patients’ mobility scores were included. Data was evaluated by weighted kappa, Kruskall-Wallis and a post hoc Dunn test were used to examine differences in scoring between regions.

 

Results: Inter-rater agreement between ambulance clinicians showed a kappa 0.84 (CI95%: 0.79;0.88). This was supported with observers for North Denmark Region and Faroe Islands kappa 0.82 (CI95%: 0.77;0.86).  Mobility scoring between ambulance clinicians in Central Denmark Region (n=93) and North Denmark Region (n=130) were not statistical different. The Faroe Islands (n=28) differed from the other regions (p<0.05).

Conclusion: These results indicate that the mobility score has a high level of inter-rater-reliability in a prehospital setting when used by ambulance clinicians. Comparing agreements between examined regions and ambulance providers show high inter-rater-reliability between clinicians.     The mobility score may contribute to future studies investigating mobility as a predictor of patient’s mortality. This could provide knowledge about how to improve patient triage and might be included as a vital sign.
Do nurses know their patients?
Authors: Gamst-Jensen Hejdi
Published: September 2022

Background: Good quality of health care requires patient participation, however emergency medicine is centered around flow and production and to a lesser degree the patients’ contextual perception of acute illness. Degree-of-worry is a simple subjective measure used to enable patients to rate their worry about the condition that initiated their contact to the acute health care system on a scale from 1 (minimally worried) to 10 (maximum worried). This study examines the agreement between patients’ self-rated DOW and their nurses’ estimation of the patients’ DOW.

Methods: A total of 194 patient/nurse-pair from the emergency department at Amager Hvidovre Hospital were asked to rate their DOW (patients) and estimate their patients’ DOW (nurses). Patients’ age, gender, triage level, and co-morbidity was registered alongside the corresponding nurses’ age, gender and work experience (years). DOW was categorized as DOW1 (DOW=1-3), DOW2 (DOW=4-6) and DOW3 (DOW=7-10). The agreement between patients’ 3-level DOW and nurses’ estimation of patients’ 3-level DOW was assessed with equal weighted Cohen’s Kappa. Additional kappa values stratified on patient’s gender, age, co-morbidity and nurses’ gender, age and seniority are also estimated.Results: The difference between patients’ 3-level DOW and nurses’ estimation was in total agreement in n=58 pairs (29.9%) of the ratings. For n=136 patient/nurse-pairs there was not agreement between scores, which corresponds to a weighted Cohen’s Kappa of 0.19 (0.30;0.08, p<0.001). Similar kappa values were found in analyses stratified for age, gender, nurse seniority.

Conclusion: The agreement between patients’ 3-level DOW and nurses’ estimation of patients’ 3-level DOW is low and suggests that nurses do not know their patients’ worries. This should be addressed in further research, as well as, clinical work.