bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing the French elderly care allowance for home-based care: bureaucratic work, professional cultures and gender frames
Authors: Dussuet Annie , Ledoux Clémence
Published: June 2019

Care realities are characterised by important differences between men and women. At the end of the 1990s, women were overrepresented among the oldest sections of the French population, as well as among their unpaid and paid helpers. Nevertheless, when the current national benefit scheme for elderly people needing long-term care (the APA (Allocation Personnalisée d’Autonomie)) was adopted in France, it was not explicitly framed with gender issues in mind. French subnational governments (the départements) were charged with implementing the new scheme, but also have the capacity to transform it. How has this policy been applied on the ground and with which gender-related effects? In order to answer this question, this article draws on 33 interviews and several observations conducted with street-level bureaucrats in charge of implementing the APA in a French département. Through street-level organisation analysis, frame analysis and discursive institutionalism, it analyses how subnational governments and street-level bureaucrats use their room for manoeuvre in policy implementation, and the frames they use to take decisions. Special attention is given to the implications of these frames from a gender perspective. This article explores three different dimensions of this issue: (1) the discursive frames attached to the APA at national and subnational organisational levels; (2) the way street-level bureaucrats perceive institutional constraints and resources, and interpret their work, and how the gender implications of these frames influence the decisions they make in practice; and (3) the consequences of administrative decisions for the public affected by them.
A comparison of seasonal variability of Arabian Gulf and the Sea of Oman pelagic ecosystems
Authors: Piontkovski Sergey A. , Hamza Waleed M. , Al-Abri Nader M. , Al-Busaidi Saud S.Z. , Al-Hashmi Khalid A.
Published: June 2019

This overview compares algal blooms and pelagic fisheries of the Arabian Gulf with the Sea of Oman. The data consist of remotely sensed characteristics, directly sampled and modeled. Elucidated seasonal trends were based on 15-year seasonal means, as well as weekly time series of physical parameters. The environmental characteristics (namely photosynthetically available radiation, atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind, aerosol optical thickness, surface currents, surface temperature, salinity, concentration of dissolved oxygen, nitrates, phosphates, chlorophyll-a, net primary production, phytoplankton, zooplankton biomass, fish larvae abundance, small and large pelagic fish catches) were compared between regions. In Sea of Oman, high concentrations of chlorophyll-a were associated with relatively high concentrations of nitrates and phosphates, as well as kinetic energy of surface currents which exceeded that in Arabian Gulf. The dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans is one dominat alga in the Sea of Oman, whereas diatom species are more common in the Arabian Gulf blooms. In general, the phytoplankton and zooplankton species diversity during winter was higher than in summer periods. Catches of small pelagic fish (in particular sardines) in the Sea of Oman exceeded that in the Arabian Gulf. This might be associated, in part, with differences in trophic levels interactions. The turnover rate of the net primary production through zooplankton in Sea of Oman was found to be much higher than in Arabian Gulf waters.
Brainwashed by extracellular vesicles: the role of extracellular vesicles in primary and metastatic brain tumour microenvironment
Authors: Morad Golnaz , Moses Marsha A.
Published: June 2019

Brain malignancies, including primary and metastatic brain tumours, are often associated with high mortality, reflecting a need for more effective diagnostics and therapeutics. Despite the different cells of origin, primary and metastatic brain tumours share the same microenvironment, which affects the survival mechanisms adopted by these tumours. Elucidating the mechanisms by which primary and metastatic brain tumours interact with the brain microenvironment can uncover potential targets for clinical applications. Extracellular vesicles have been recognized as intercellular communicators that can contribute to cancer progression and have shown promise as potential cancer biomarkers and therapeutics. Here, we outline the contribution of extracellular vesicles in the tumour–microenvironment interactions in primary and metastatic brain tumours with the goal of providing a guide for future translational research in this area.
High-resolution imaging reveals how the spindle midzone impacts chromosome movement
Authors: Pamula Melissa C. , Carlini Lina , Forth Scott , Verma Priyanka , Suresh Subbulakshmi , Legant Wesley R. , Khodjakov Alexey , Betzig Eric , Kapoor Tarun M.
Published: June 2019

In the spindle midzone, microtubules from opposite half-spindles form bundles between segregating chromosomes. Microtubule bundles can either push or restrict chromosome movement during anaphase in different cellular contexts, but how these activities are achieved remains poorly understood. Here, we use high-resolution live-cell imaging to analyze individual microtubule bundles, growing filaments, and chromosome movement in dividing human cells. Within bundles, filament overlap length marked by the cross-linking protein PRC1 decreases during anaphase as chromosome segregation slows. Filament ends within microtubule bundles appear capped despite dynamic PRC1 turnover and submicrometer proximity to growing microtubules. Chromosome segregation distance and rate are increased in two human cell lines when microtubule bundle assembly is prevented via PRC1 knockdown. Upon expressing a mutant PRC1 with reduced microtubule affinity, bundles assemble but chromosome hypersegregation is still observed. We propose that microtubule overlap length reduction, typically linked to pushing forces generated within filament bundles, is needed to properly restrict spindle elongation and position chromosomes within daughter cells.
Ultrafast dynamics of strongly correlated fermions—nonequilibrium Green functions and selfenergy approximations
Authors: Schlünzen N , Hermanns S , Scharnke M , Bonitz M
Published: June 2019

This article presents an overview on recent progress in the theory of nonequilibrium Green functions (NEGF). We discuss applications of NEGF simulations to describe the femtosecond dynamics of various finite fermionic systems following an excitation out of equilibrium. This includes the expansion dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical lattices following a confinement quench and the excitation of strongly correlated electrons in a solid by the impact of a charged particle. NEGF, presently, are the only ab initio quantum approach that is able to study the dynamics of correlations for long times in two and three dimensions. However, until recently, NEGF simulations have mostly been performed with rather simple selfenergy approximations such as the second-order Born approximation (SOA). While they correctly capture the qualitative trends of the relaxation towards equilibrium, the reliability and accuracy of these NEGF simulations has remained open, for a long time.

Here we report on recent tests of NEGF simulations for finite lattice systems against exact-diagonalization and density-matrix-renormalization-group benchmark data. The results confirm the high accuracy and predictive capability of NEGF simulations—provided selfenergies are used that go beyond the SOA and adequately include strong correlation and dynamical-screening effects. With an extended arsenal of selfenergies that can be used effectively, the NEGF approach has the potential of becoming a powerful simulation tool with broad areas of new applications including strongly correlated solids and ultracold atoms. The present review aims at making such applications possible. To this end we present a selfcontained introduction to the theory of NEGF and give an overview on recent numerical applications to compute the ultrafast relaxation dynamics of correlated fermions. In the second part we give a detailed introduction to selfenergies beyond the SOA. Important examples are the third-order approximation, the

approximation, the T-matrix approximation and the fluctuating-exchange approximation. We give a comprehensive summary of the explicit selfenergy expressions for a variety of systems of practical relevance, starting from the most general expressions (general basis) and the Feynman diagrams, and including also the important cases of diagonal basis sets, the Hubbard model and the differences occuring for bosons and fermions. With these details, and information on the computational effort and scaling with the basis size and propagation duration, readers will be able to choose the proper basis set and straightforwardly implement and apply advanced selfenergy approximations to a broad class of systems.
WS2 and MoS2 thin film gas sensors with high response to NH3 in air at low temperature
Authors: Järvinen Topias , Lorite Gabriela S , Peräntie Jani , Toth Geza , Saarakkala Simo , Virtanen Vesa K , Kordas Krisztian
Published: June 2019

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have received immense research interest in particular for their outstanding electrochemical and optoelectrical properties. Lately, chemical gas sensor applications of TMDs have been recognized as well owing to the low operating temperatures of devices, which is a great advantage over conventional metal oxide based sensors. In this work, we elaborate on the gas sensing properties of WS2 and MoS2 thin films made by simple and straightforward thermal sulfurization of sputter deposited metal films on silicon chips. The sensor response to H2, H2S, CO and NH3 analytes in air at 30 °C has been assessed and both MoS2 and WS2 were found to have an excellent selectivity to NH3 with a particularly high sensitivity of 0.10 ± 0.02 ppm−1 at sub-ppm concentrations in the case of WS2. The sensing behavior is explained on the bases of gas adsorption energies as well as carrier (hole) localization induced by the surface adsorbed moieties having reductive nature.
Electron energy loss spectroscopy of wall charges in plasma-facing dielectrics
Authors: Thiessen E , Bronold F X , Fehske H
Published: June 2019

We propose a setup enabling electron energy loss spectroscopy to determine the density of the electrons accumulated by an electropositive dielectric in contact with a plasma. It is based on a two-layer structure inserted into a recess of the wall. Consisting of a plasma-facing film made out of the dielectric of interest and a substrate layer, the structure is designed to confine the plasma-induced surplus electrons to the region of the film. The charge fluctuations they give rise to can then be read out from the backside of the substrate by near specular electron reflection. To obtain in this scattering geometry a strong charge-sensitive reflection maximum due to the surplus electrons, the film has to be most probably pre-n-doped and sufficiently thin with the mechanical stability maintained by the substrate. Taking electronegative CaO as a substrate layer we demonstrate the feasibility of the proposal by calculating the loss spectra for Al2O3, SiO2, and ZnO films. In all three cases we find a reflection maximum strongly shifting with the density of the surplus electrons and suggest to use it for charge diagnostics.
Efficient verification of bosonic quantum channels via benchmarking
Authors: Wu Ya-Dong , Sanders Barry C
Published: June 2019

We aim to devise feasible, efficient verification schemes for bosonic channels. To this end, we construct an average-fidelity witness that yields a tight lower bound for average fidelity plus a general framework for verifying optimal quantum channels. For both multi-mode unitary Gaussian channels and single-mode amplification channels, we present experimentally feasible average-fidelity witnesses and reliable verification schemes, for which sample complexity scales polynomially with respect to all channel specification parameters. Our verification scheme provides an approach to benchmark the performance of bosonic channels on a set of Gaussian-distributed coherent states by employing only two-mode squeezed vacuum states and local homodyne detections. Our results demonstrate how to perform feasible tests of quantum components designed for continuous-variable quantum information processing.
Hungry cities: how local food self-sufficiency relates to climate change, diets, and urbanisation
Authors: Kriewald Steffen , Pradhan Prajal , Costa Luis , Ros Anselmo García Cantú , Kropp Juergen P
Published: June 2019

Using a newly developed model approach and combining it with remote sensing, population, and climate data, first insights are provided into how local diets, urbanisation, and climate change relates to local urban food self-sufficiency. In plain terms, by utilizing the global peri-urban (PU) food production potential approximately 1bn urban residents (30% of global urban population) can be locally nourished, whereby further urbanisation is by far the largest pressure factor on PU agriculture, followed by a change of diets, and climate change. A simple global food transport model which optimizes transport and neglects differences in local emission intensities indicates that CO2 emissions related to food transport can be reduced by a factor of 10.
Effect of salinity, single and binary ionic compounds’ low salinity water on wettability alteration in carbonate rocks
Authors: Ho C , Ayoub M A
Published: June 2019

Low salinity water flooding is one of the emerging enhanced oil recovery technologies as it has been proven economical and environmentally friendly. However, the recovery mechanism of low salinity water (LSW) is still under debatable due to the complex effect of low salinity water and its ionic compositions. Therefore, this study aims to discover the optimum seawater dilution salinity and influence of single and binary ionic compounds low salinity water on wettability alteration of carbonate core slices at optimum salinity. To achieve that, a modified Design of Experiments (DOE) has been implemented. Contact angle measurement was carried out to characterize the wettability of core slices at 0 hour, after 24 hours and after 48 hours. The results revealed that dilution of seawater reduced the contact angle of carbonate core slices towards more water wet until the optimum salinity of 1750ppm. Further dilution to 700ppm only shown a slight impact in shifting the wettability of the carbonate slices towards more water wet. In single ionic compound LSW, MgCl2showed the greatest ability in altering wettability. In binary ionic compounds LSW, it was found out that MgCl2mixed with ionic compounds containing monovalent ion is more effective in altering contact angle than MgCL2mixed with ionic compounds containing divalent ion which serve as a new finding in current low salinity water study on carbonate rocks.
Application of Ecovillage for the Redevelopment Strategy of Rural Communities in Taiwan. A Case Study of Jianguo Military Dependents’ Villages
Authors: Xie Jhong-Ping , Hsu Kuo-Wei
Published: June 2019

Agriculture in Taiwan is facing challenges of issues related to industrial pollution, ground subsidence, agricultural safety as well as rural regeneration. Yunlin County has among the highest output of agricultural products in Taiwan. To achieve “Taiwan agricultural technology corridor” policy, Yunlin County promoted sustainable development model for creative water and energy saving agriculture and low-carbon environment by hosted the 2013 “Agricultural Expo.” Jianguo military dependents’ village, located nearby the Agricultural Expo Ecological Park, is the representative agricultural military dependents’ village in Taiwan which is evaluated to be redeveloped. Previous studies approved sustainable development was benefited with residents. Relative literatures indicated that imported brought positive effects for local redevelopment. This study, therefore, reviews the relevant literature on eco-village, and proposes a redevelopment strategies framework for eco-village based on that review and a two-stage questionnaire administered to experts. The first stage utilized the Fuzzy Delphi Method, which focuses on impact factors, and the second, the Analytical Network Process Method, deals with performance factors. The results indicate that the key impacts on the ecovillage redevelopment strategies for Jianguo military dependents’ village were (2.1) water and energy efficiency, (2.2) community symbiosis, and (2.3) cultural preservation. Water recycle, energy saving, and agricultural technology are the most important criteria for eco-village redevelopment strategies of Jianguo military dependents’ village.
A customization-oriented carbon footprint service for mechanical products
Authors: Zhang Yajun , Yi Jianjun , Wang Zhuoran , He Liang
Published: June 2019

As the growing concerns of global warming, carbon footprint of a product becomes an important designing criterion. In recent years, the issue of product carbon emission has been extensively studied and most research focus on the computing method, life cycle assessment and optimized design of single category product. However, a lack of versatility in these existing research programs make them difficult to be applied in other product. Furthermore, in many cases, target customers are not concerned about carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of the product and full-cycle calculations of carbon emissions make no sense. To fill this gap, a service mode to provide quantification of carbon footprint for mechanical products is presented in this work. The multi-scale and full-direction system, which is based on process chain employing multiple scale task model is proposed to meet the different carbon footprint requirements, and then encapsulate it as a service to the user.
Application and thermal economic analysis of plate low pressure economizer in flue gas waste heat recovery
Authors: Xu X , Ju G D
Published: June 2019

Low pressure economizer is an important equipment to reduce exhaust gas temperature and recover waste heat of flue gas in power plants. In this paper, the welded plate heat exchanger is applied to the field of low pressure economizer. The waste heat of coal slag and flue gas is utilized comprehensively to raise the boiler feed water temperature and reduce coal consumption. The thermal economy of plate economizer and finned tube economizer is analyzed by the equivalent enthalpy drop method. The results show that the plate economizer has obvious advantages under the same pressure drop and heat load. Compared with the finned tube economizer, the heat transfer coefficient the of the plate economizer increases by more than 50%, and the volume decreases by about 2/3. After installing the slag cooler, the heat consumption rate decreases by 119.7 KJ/kWh, and the coal consumption decreases by 4.68 g/kWh.
Multi-criteria analysis for renewable energy generation: A case of Tokyo
Authors: Fitriyana Dinna , Prabawati Mutia , Tanuwijaya Frank , N Naimah Dintani Y
Published: June 2019

A multi-criteria analysis to determine the most suitable renewable energy technology in Tokyo, Japan, is presented in this study. Several criteria have been considered for the analysis including technical, social, economic, and environmental. Sensitivity analysis has been done to check the solidity of the data used in the analysis. The results show that the solar photovoltaic technology is preferred in Tokyo, followed by wind and biomass energy.
In-vitro and In-silico study on the acylation reaction of (-)-Isopulegol and L-Menthol Mixtures with Lipase from Rhizomuchor miehei
Authors: Iftitah Elvina Dhiatul , Yulasandini Izma Fitria , Utomo Edi Priyo
Published: June 2019

In-vitroandIn-silicostudy on the acylation reaction of (-)-isopulegol and l-menthol with lipase fromRhizomucor mieheihave been done. In this study, the acylation reaction was conducted by using two kinds of acyl source, acetic anhydride and vinyl acetate. The reaction was performed at 50°C and mole ratio of (-)-isopulegol:l-menthol:acetic acid anhydride or vinyl acetate was 1:1:3.In-vitrostudy, shows that lipase fromRhizomucor mieheihave catalyzed the acylation reaction in a good way, whereas acetic anhydride was more effectively as acyl source than vinyl acetate. The selectivity product of (-)-isopulegyl acetate and l-menthyl acetate after reaction in 24 h are 34,58% and 21,52% respectively.In-silicostudy gives the results which correlated within-vitrostudy, in case of determination the suitable of acyl source. There are verified by the value ofKdwhich represent the interaction between (-)-isopulegol, l-menthol or acyl source as ligand with lipase as macromolecule. This work also gives the prediction of mechanism reaction model fromin-silicostudy
The Effect of Parameter Combinations (Carbonization Temperature - Chemical Activator) on Degree of Graphitization, Aromaticity, and Fungsional Group of Rose Petal (Rosa sp) Based-Activated Carbon
Authors: Ikhtiarini Nur , Tjahjanto Rachmat Triandi , Setianingsih Tutik
Published: June 2019

Activated carbon is a porous material which is produced from the carbonization of organic compounds by involving the activation process. Activated carbon can be used as an absorbent of heavy metal cations, anions, and organic compounds. Quality of activated carbon is determined by the crystal structure, aromaticity, and its surface functional group. Activated carbon consists of amorphous and graphite structures. The graphite structure in activated carbon is important because it determines its thermal stability. Content of graphite structure in the activated carbon is stated as degree of graphitization (DOG). Aromaticity (fa) is related to amount of carbon atoms which form graphene layers in the activated carbon. The oxygenated functional groups of the activated carbon determines its hydrophilic / hydrophobic nature. Purpose of this research is to learn effect of carbonization temperature - chemical activator (ZnCl2) combination on degree of graphitization, aromaticity, and functional group on activated carbon. This research was conducted by using a pink rose flower precursor, at activator/precursor mass ratio of 0.1 at carbonization temperature of 400, 600 and 800°C for two hours under nitrogen gas stream. Characterization was carried out with FTIR spectrophotometry and X-ray diffraction. The DOG and aromaticity were calculated based on intensity of the difractograms. The characterization with FTIR spectra related to –OH and aromatics C=C bond vibrations. The highest DOG was obtained by the activated carbon resulted at 400°C, i.e. 92.31%. However, no significant different of the aromaticity, about 0.42 to 0.50.
Organic rice farming: an alternative to sustainable agriculture
Authors: Johannes Hendro Putra , Priadi Cindy Rianti , Herdiansyah Herdis
Published: June 2019

As the key to sustainable development, water conducts significant contributions in contemporary environmental development challenges. However, water scarcity is still happening all over the world, including agrarian countries like Indonesia. In Indonesia, agricultural sector takes up to 70% to the national water consumption. In this sector, rice contributes to 69% of national water consumption of crop commodities. To address this issue, organic system comes up as an alternative by its potential in reducing water consumption. Moreover, in achieving sustainable agriculture, organic system is also addressing economic and social aspects. Therefore, this research aims to assess the sustainability status of organic rice farming in Sindangkerta Village, West Bandung, West Java, exploring the environmental, economic, and social aspects. In environmental aspect, organic rice farming consumes less water than the conventional, especially in its agricultural phases. This satisfying breakthrough is correlated with organic materials used, at the same time minimizing chemical substances that relates to less grey water footprint. Less grey water footprint impacts on less total water footprint, meaning less water consumption. Other practices such as water conservation also contribute. Compared to conventional rice farming, it saves about 30–50% of water consumption. In economic aspect the great number of economic valuation of organic rice seems useless because of the absence of market. To conclude, the organic rice farming in Sindangkerta Village is categorized fairly sustainable, therefore it can be a promising alternative to achieve sustainable agriculture.
Response Surface Methodology Approach for Analysis of Phytoremediation Process of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution Using Echinodorus palaefolius
Authors: Kasman Monik , Riyanti Anggrika , Salmariza Sy , Suaibatul Aslamia RTS
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to observe the phytoremediation process for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution usingEchinodorus palaefolius(Jasmine water). The process was determined by the root, stem and leaves ability to reduce the Pb(II). The experiment was done in three factors, as a function of weight of plant (2–10 g/100 mL), initial concentration of Pb(II) (10–30 mg/l) and contact time (30–120 minutes) into the final concentration of Pb(II) removal as the response. The effect of three factors in Pb(II) phytoremediation was explained using response surface methodology (RSM). The results revealed that the phytoremediation process can successfully remediate Pb(II) from aqueous solution with the Pb(II) adsorbed ranging between 0.231 mg/L – 2.431 mg/L. The highest phytoadsorption of Pb(II) usingEchinodorus palaeofoliusoccurred in roots. Optimizing the condition using 2FI model predicts weight of plant 2 gr, initial concentration of Pb(II) 30 mg/L and contact time 120 minutes. The initial concentration and contact time are significant factors influencing the phytoremediation process.
Tree Risk Assessment using VTA at Universitas Indonesia
Authors: Kholis Noer , Pradipta Eka , Lestari Fatma , Lestari Retno , Bowolaksono Anom
Published: June 2019

Universitas Indonesia’s urban forest is a part of Universitas Indonesia’s campus area, which covered 192 hectares from total 320 hectares campus area. Universitas Indonesia as a green campus has many green open spaces that distributed throughout campus and consists of several tree species. The age of the most vegetation in both urban forest and green open space has been 30 years old. This condition required routine management to evaluate tree health and risk. Some routine management has been conducted which consist of pruning and eliminating dead trees followed by replanting of new trees. This management aims to reduce the risk posed by trees related to community safety and for keeping environmental sustainability. The method that we used to assess the tree risk were visual tree risk assessment (VTA) based on biological characteristics of the risked tree. The result showed that there are four major species that need more routine management and had a higher percentage of managed trees during 2018. Those species were Acacia mangium, Hevea brasiliensis, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, and Delonix regia.
Food Safety Level on Bivalves Consumption from Kenjeran Waters Surabaya, East Java
Authors: Purnadayanti Z. , Suratno  , Iranawati F. , Purbonegoro T.
Published: June 2019

Kenjeran waters are one of the waters located in the eastern part of the city Surabaya which has been polluted by heavy metals. The presence of heavy metals in the waters, automatically affect bivalves that live in these waters which will accumulate the metal on the body. This research aim was to determine the Health Benefit Value of Selenium (HBV-Se) as a food safety index from mercury contamination in bivalves consumption and to recognize MeanWeekly Intake (MWI) bivalves consumption in Kenjeran waters. The concentration analysis for Selenium using ICP-OES and Total mercury (THg) using Mercury Analyzer NIC-MA3000. Mercury and Seleniumwere calculated to gain HBV-Se index. The mercury concentration result showedPerna viridis 0.09 mg/kg, Siliqua patula 0.07 mg/kg, Trisidos tortuosa 0.08 mg/kg, and Anadara antiquata 0.08 mg/kg. The selenium concentration in bivalves between 0.91 mg/kg-2.49 mg/kg. The concentration of mercury below the quality standard on the limit determined by SNI, about 1 mg/kg. Total mercury from highest concentration were Perna viridis>Anadara antiquata>Siliqua patula>Trisidos tortuosa. From the calculation HBV-Se result showed positive value, it means indicating mercury contained in bivalves at Kenjeran Waters were not potentially to be toxic on the body. For the safety purpose, maximum consumption on bivalves for an adult is Perna viridis 8.64 kg/week, Siliqua patula6.62 kg/week, Trisidos tortuosa 3.91 kg/week and Anadara antiquata 4.49 kg/week. For the same reason, the maximum consumption for children Perna viridis 1.44 kg/week, Siliqua patula 1.10 kg/week, Anadara antiquata 0.65 kg/week, Trisidos tortuosa 0.75 kg/week
Utilization of Clean Room for Radiopharmaceutical Kits Production
Authors: Putra Amal Rezka , Widyastuti  , Setiawan Gatot , Suharmadi  , Ariyanto Agus , Rosalliana Anna
Published: June 2019

The radiopharmaceutical kit production facilities usually use a clean room with an aseptic process. Therefore, it is very important to conduct research on clean room utilization for the production of radiopharmaceutical kits. The data was taken from radiopharmaceutical product that produced at Center for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Technology (PTRR), National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) from 2015 to 2018. The results indicate the use of clean room depends on the drying duration of the radiopharmaceutical kit. Almost all radiopharmaceutical kits are dried for two days such as MIBI, MDP, Ethambutol, MAA, and Tetrofosmin kits. There are only two kits that are dried for one day, DTPA and EDTMP kits. The ratio of monitoring of drying temperatures during the drying process of DTPA kit (one day) and MDP kit (two days) shows that in 2015 the freeze dryer still showed maximum performance compared to the next three years. The optimal utilization of clean room is in 2015 as much as 100% while in 2016, 2017 and 2018 the average utilization of clean room is around 66%. The production process frequency is the lowest in June, followed by January and December due to the maintenance schedule. The longer the process of drying radiopharmaceutical kits, the longer the clean room facilities operate. The production process of radiopharmaceutical kits in 2015 is the most optimal.
Biodiversity of Lobster (Panulirus) from Eastern Indian Ocean of Indonesia Waters
Authors: Setyanto Arief , Soemarno  , Wiadnya DGR , Nugroho Cahyo
Published: June 2019

Lobster fisheries play a very important role in the development of Indonesian fisheries management. Lobster fishing for Indonesian people plays a role in the economic, social and political fields. The key reason for this important role is because lobster fisheries are dominated by small-scale fishermen. Lobster also has ecological functions that play a key role in a benthic aquatic ecosystem. Tropical lobsters in the Panulirus group in Indonesian waters (Eastern Indian Ocean) are the most species and have high endemic levels. It is reasonable if the Indonesian government makes lobster fisheries as one of the fisheries groups that need to be considered in its territorial fisheries management (FMARI: Fisheries Management Area of the Republic of Indonesia). Each management area has different ecological characteristics. Differences in ecological conditions will cause differences in the composition of lobster species. For the sake of lobster fisheries management in each region, it is necessary to specify indicator species on the spatial and temporal scale. This study aims to identify lobster species of the genus Panulirus in the FMARI 573 eastern part of Indonesian waters. Data retrieval is done by taking samples from lobster fishermen. Sampling locations include Kebumen, Trenggalek, Blitar, Lumajang, Jember, and Sumenep. The sampling time was carried out in August-September 2018. Data was analyzed descriptively by identifying morphologically and recording the number of individuals per species. Identification of samples is carried out at the study site and also in the laboratory. The study found six lobster species, namely: Panulirus ornatus (Udang mutiara), P. homarus (U. pasir), P. penicillatus (U. batu), P. versicolor (U. bambu), P. longipes (U. batik) and P. polyphagus (U. pakistan) with the type of sand most often found among the study sites. Further research needs to be done to look at the distribution and connectivity of lobster populations by analyzing species variation in each life phase (larvae / puerullus, juvenile, adult) at a certain space and time scale.
Correlation between Age and Environmental Concern at Tourism Village in Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sueb  , Suhadi  , Suwarni  , Shofiyah A. , Putri D.R. , Diartika E.I. , Rizky N. , Zahroh V.R.A. , Widowati K.A.
Published: June 2019

The high number of tourists visit to Malang shows that Malang is still one of the favourite tourist destinations. Two of them are Kampung Wisata Jodipan and Kampung Biru. The existence of tourism-based villages provides economic, socio-cultural, and ecological impacts. Development and environment have interrelated, reciprocal, and very close interactions. This research was ex post facto which aimed to determine the correlation of environmental concern and age, and also to compare the environmental concern in two tourism villages in Malang City. The sampling was conducted using random sampling. Data collection was carried out by observation, interview, and questionnaires about environmental concern questionnaires to residents in both tourism villages. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation. The results showed that the age and concern of the community in Kampung Wisata Jodipan did not correlate, with p = 0.926 > α = 0.05, which means there was no relationship between the age of the community and environmental concern. In Kampung Biru, age also does not correlate with community concern with p = 0.181 > α = 0.05, which means there is no relationship between the age of the community and environmental concerns.
Reduction of Pollutant Parameters in Textile Dyeing Wastewater by Gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb) Using the Multi Soil Layering (MSL) Bioreactor
Authors: Sy Salmariza , Sofyan  , Ardinal  , Kasman Monik
Published: June 2019

Gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb) is one of the sources of natural dyes that able to apply to the textile industry. Textile dyeing industrial wastewater using Gambier comes from several sources. Among them come from the dyeing process itself and from the fixation process wastewater using alum (Al2 (SO4)3), lime (CaO) and tunjung (FeSO4). The wastewater was characterized by high levels of organic pollutants and dyestuffs as well as compositions of fixator raw materials. This study explored the performance of two types of Multi-Soil-Layering (MSL) bioreactors in order to reduce pollutant parameters in such a wastewater. The result revealed that MSL showed good performances. The more MSL layers, the higher the reduction. Reduction of BOD5, COD, and TSS in MSL type 1 could reach 98.6%, 95.3% and 87.1% respectively, while 98.1%, 93.8% and 84.9% in MSL type 2, respectively. The MSL bioreactor could neutralize pH from pH 4.7 to be pH 7.4 and pH 7.1 and able to reduced colour from 427 PtCo to 0.4 PtCo and 1.3 PtCo as well as reduced turbidity from 47 NTU to 0.8 NTU and 1.2 NTU by MSL type 1 and MSL type 2 respectively.
Pore Pressure Prediction Using Eaton and Neural Network Method in Carbonate Field “X” Based on Seismic Data
Authors: Hutomo P S , Rosid M S , Haidar M W
Published: June 2019

Abnormal pore pressure can cause some problems during the drilling process such as a blowout or sticking pipe while drilling. Pore pressure prediction may prevent the drilling hazard, especially in carbonate field that known as a complex reservoir. It is useful for mud weight determination to prevent blowout and sticking pipe while drilling. This study focuses on predicting pore pressure values and maps it through 3D seismic data. The field is carbonate reservoir which known as a heterogeneous formation with shale above the reservoir. Due to the difference of lithologies, the two different empirical parameter is used in each lithology for Eaton equation. The pore pressure prediction then correlates with the seismic attribute using a neural network method. The input parameter of the Eaton is sonic and density log. Then, the result of Eaton’s method is calibrated by leak-off test (LOT) and repeat formation test (RFT), hence the results are more accurate and verified. Then, the pore pressure is correlated to acoustic impedance, shear impedance, seismic frequency, and seismic amplitude to create a subsurface model by the neural network machine learning. The result shows that the pore pressure prediction of the model is verified by the measured pore pressure well-log data with good accuracy up to 90%. The combination method of Eaton and neural network was proven to be able to predict and map pore pressure distribution in a complex carbonate field.
5. Where does synaesthesia come from?
Authors: Simner Julia
Published: June 2019

Why are the brains of synaesthetes so ‘communicative’ and how exactly do synaesthetic sensations form? ‘Where does synaesthesia come from? The role of genetics and learning’ asks whether synaesthesia is pre-determined in the genes, or based on learning from the environment by considering synaesthetic associations, synaptic pruning, and the Neonatal Synaesthesia Hypothesis. It shows that synaesthesia emerges over time, that it can follow rules based on information absorbed from the environment with these rules sometimes shared by non-synaesthetes, and that synaesthesia has a likely genetic inheritance. It concludes that synaesthesia derives not only from post-birth events such as literacy acquisition and environmental submersion, but is also likely to be predetermined in some way at birth.
3. Extinction in the past
Authors: Wignall Paul B.
Published: June 2019

Despite the less-than-perfect nature of the fossil record, it still provides a unique window on the history of life, and reveals that there have been dramatic fluctuations in extinction intensities since complex life evolved around 600 million years ago. ‘Extinction in the past’ considers Jack Sepkoski’s database compiled in the 1980s, and his series of highly informative charts showing both diversity and extinction rates since the start of the Cambrian Period 541 million years ago. The calculation of extinction rates and the improved dating of extinction events are discussed, along with the extinction trends that can be observed. Fossils also provide valuable evidence on the nature of selection during extinction.
5. How to kill nearly everything
Authors: Wignall Paul B.
Published: June 2019

‘How to kill nearly everything’ considers the proposed causes of mass extinctions, often called the kill mechanisms. An almost bewildering array of ideas have been put forward as likely bringers of death, but most of the debates have concentrated on just a few culprits, notably volcanism and meteorite impact, because their timing is closely coincidental with the extinctions. However, it is important to note that while they may be the ultimate cause of a crisis, it is their consequences that likely lead to proximate (or direct) causes of extinction. The main causes discussed are large igneous provinces, hyperthermals, ocean anoxia, ocean acidification, ozone depletion, ice ages, sea-level change, and meteorite and comet impacts.
Human Evolution: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Wood Bernard
Published: June 2019

Human Evolution: A Very Short Introduction traces the history of palaeoanthropology from its beginnings in the 18th century to the very latest fossil finds. In this new edition it discusses how ancient DNA studies have revolutionized how we view the recent (post-550,000 years ago) human evolution, and the process of speciation. The combination of ancient and modern human DNA has contributed to discoveries of new taxa, as well as the suggestion of ‘ghost’ taxa whose fossil records still remain to be discovered. Considering the contributions of related sciences such as palaeoclimatology, geochronology, systematics, genetics, and developmental biology, this VSI explores our latest understandings of our own evolution.
Using Serosurvey Data Triangulation for More Accurate Estimates of Vaccine Coverage: Measured and Modeled Coverage From Pakistan Household Surveys
Authors: Gong Wenfeng , Hayford Kyla , Taighoon Shah Mubarak , Iqbal Junaid , Moss William J , Moulton Lawrence H , Chandir Subhash , O’Brien Katherine L
Published: June 2019

Household surveys remain an essential method for estimating vaccine coverage in developing countries. However, the resulting estimates have inevitable and currently unmeasurable information biases due to inaccuracies in recall, low retention of home-based records (HBRs; i.e., vaccination cards), and inaccurate recording of vaccination on HBRs. We developed an innovative method with which to overcome these biases, enhance the validity of survey results, and estimate true vaccine coverage using nested serological assessments of immune markers. We enrolled children aged 12–23 months in vaccine coverage surveys in Karachi, Pakistan, from January to December 2016. Vaccination history was collected through verbal recall by the caregiver and, when available, by HBR. One-third of survey participants were randomly enrolled for serological testing for anti–measles virus immunoglobulin G antibody. We applied Bayesian latent class models to evaluate the misalignment among measles vaccination histories derived by recall, HBRs, and measles serology and estimated true measles vaccine coverage. The model-based estimate of true measles vaccine coverage was 61.1% (95% credible interval: 53.5, 69.4) among all survey participants. The standard estimate of 73.2% (95% confidence interval: 71.3, 75.1) defined by positive recall or HBR documentation substantially overestimated the vaccine coverage. Researchers can correct for information biases using serological assessments in a subsample of survey participants and latent class analytical approaches.
Identification of salicylic acid-independent responses in an Arabidopsis phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta double mutant
Authors: Kalachova Tetiana , Janda Martin , Šašek Vladimír , Ortmannová Jitka , Nováková Pavla , Dobrev I Petre , Kravets Volodymyr , Guivarc’h Anne , Moura Deborah , Burketová Lenka , Valentová Olga , Ruelland Eric
Published: June 2019

Background and Aims

We have recently shown that an Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant of type III phosphatidylinositol-4-kinases (PI4Ks), pi4kβ1β2, constitutively accumulated a high level of salicylic acid (SA). By crossing this pi4kβ1β2 double mutant with mutants impaired in SA synthesis (such as sid2 impaired in isochorismate synthase) or transduction, we demonstrated that the high SA level was responsible for the dwarfism phenotype of the double mutant. Here we aimed to distinguish between the SA-dependent and SA-independent effects triggered by the deficiency in PI4Kβ1 and PI4Kβ2.

Methods

To achieve this we used the sid2pi4kβ1β2 triple mutant. High-throughput analyses of phytohormones were performed on this mutant together with pi4kβ1β2 and sid2 mutants and wild-type plants. Responses to pathogens, namely Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea, and also to the non-host fungus Blumeria graminis, were also determined. Callose accumulation was monitored in response to flagellin.

Key Results

We show here the prominent role of high SA levels in influencing the concentration of many other tested phytohormones, including abscisic acid and its derivatives, the aspartate-conjugated form of indole-3-acetic acid and some cytokinins such as cis-zeatin. We show that the increased resistance of pi4kβ1β2 plants to the host pathogens H. arabidopsidis, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and Bothrytis cinerea is dependent on accumulation of high SA levels. In contrast, accumulation of callose in pi4kβ1β2 after flagellin treatment was independent of SA. Concerning the response to Blumeria graminis, both callose accumulation and fungal penetration were enhanced in the pi4kβ1β2 double mutant compared to wild-type plants. Both of these processes occurred in an SA-independent manner.

Conclusions

Our data extensively illustrate the influence of SA on other phytohormone levels. The sid2pi4kβ1β2 triple mutant revealed the role of PI4Kβ1/β2 per se, thus showing the importance of these enzymes in plant defence responses.
A Biohistorical Perspective of Typhoid and Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Kirchhelle Claas , Dyson Zoe Anne , Dougan Gordon
Published: June 2019

We combine methodology from history and genetics to reconstruct the biosocial history of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). We show how evolutionary divergence in S. Typhi was driven by rising global antibiotic use and by the neglect of typhoid outside of high-income countries. Although high-income countries pioneered 1960s precautionary antibiotic regulations to prevent selection for multidrug resistance, new antibiotic classes, typhoid’s cultural status as a supposedly ancient disease of “undeveloped” countries, limited international funding, and narrow biosecurity agendas helped fragment effective global collective action for typhoid control. Antibiotic-intensive compensation for weak water and healthcare systems subsequently fueled AMR selection in low- and middle-income countries but often remained invisible due to lacking surveillance capabilities. The recent rise of extensively drug-resistant typhoid bears the biosocial footprint of more than half a century of antibiotic-intensive international neglect.
Assessing the Incidence of Symptomatic Respiratory Syncytial Virus Illness Within a Prospective Birth Cohort in Managua, Nicaragua
Authors: Kubale John , Kuan Guillermina , Gresh Lionel , Ojeda Sergio , Azziz-Baumgartner Eduardo , Sanchez Nery , Lopez Roger , Harris Eva , Balmaseda Angel , Gordon Aubree
Published: June 2019

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes substantial morbidity and mortality among children worldwide, commonly through acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI). To assess the incidence rate of symptomatic RSV illness among young children, we conducted a prospective birth cohort study following children from 0–2 years of age in Managua, Nicaragua.

Methods

Children meeting the testing criteria (fever, history of fever, or severe respiratory symptoms [apnea, stridor, nasal flaring, wheezing, chest indrawing, and/or central cyanosis]) were tested for RSV infections using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. An acute lower respiratory infection was defined as a diagnosis of pneumonia, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, or bronchial hyperreactivity. The incidence rate was calculated, and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using a Poisson distribution.

Results

A total of 833 children participated in the cohort: 289 (34.7%) had at least 1 episode of laboratory-confirmed RSV, and 156 (18.7%) of had an episode of RSV-associated ALRI (RSV-ALRI). The incidence rate of symptomatic RSV was 248.1 cases per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 223.2–275.7). While infants aged 6–11 months had the highest incidence of symptomatic RSV (361.3/1000 person-years, 95% CI 304.4–428.8), infants <3 months had the highest incidence of severe RSV (RSV-associated hospitalizations and/or severe ALRI). RSV was also associated with 25.0–37.5% of deaths from medical causes (n = 8).

Conclusions

A substantial burden of RSV exists among children aged <2 years in Nicaraguan communities. RSV was also a leading cause of infant mortality among study participants. The development and implementation of effective RSV prevention and treatment measures represent an opportunity to substantially reduce severe illness and death among children worldwide.