bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Zinshaus market and gentrification dynamics: The transformation of the historic housing stock in Vienna, 2007–2019
Authors: Musil Robert , Brand Florian , Huemer Hannes , Wonaschütz Maximilian
Published: November 2021

This article intends to contribute to the debate on the quantification of gentrification, which is constrained by two main obstacles: firstly, the operationalisation of displacement of socially weak households, which appears as an elusive phenomenon. Secondly, the consideration of the specific urban context, in particular the regulation of the housing market. Based on a case study for Vienna, this paper introduces a new empirical approach, which does not focus on households, but on the tenement conversion of the historic housing stock. Here, the transformation as legal conversion and demolition of historic tenement houses (German: Zinshäuser) serve as an alternative indicator for the operationalisation and quantification of displacement processes. The empirical analysis of Zinshaus transformations observed for 2007-2019 for the first time provides an estimation of gentrification dynamics in Vienna. Results point to a pronounced cyclicality in transformation dynamics. Hence, spatial cluster and hotspot analyses reveal a strong concentration of Zinshaus transformations and a clear shift from central bourgeois to peripheral working-class neighbourhoods. Further, a multilinear regression model confirms the impact of Zinshaus transformations on the social dynamics in these neighbourhoods. However, data do not indicate a social shift triggered by upper-class households, but by new migrant groups and well-educated middle-class households. Beyond the case of Vienna, this analysis underlines the relevance of quantitative gentrification approaches based on housing-market segments and their conversion. It proposes applying the Zinshaus as an indicator to make the variety of the urban context visible.
Association of Neighborhood Food Environment and Physical Activity Environment With Obesity: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study of Fifth- to Ninth-Grade Children in Japan
Authors: Oishi Kan , Aoki Takumi , Harada Tetsuo , Tanaka Chiaki , Tanaka Shigeho , Tanaka Hideki , Fukuda Kazuhiko , Kamikawa Yasuko , Tsuji Nobuhiro , Komura Keisuke , Kokudo Shohei , Morita Noriteru , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Watanabe Masashi , Kasanami Ryoji , Hara Taketaka , Miyazaki Ryo , Abe Takafumi , Yamatsu Koji , Kume Daisuke , Asai Hidenori , Yamamoto Naofumi , Tsuji Taishi , Ishii Kojiro
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study examined the relationship between neighborhood food and physical activity environment, and obesity among elementary and junior high school students in Japan. Methods: The participants were fifth- to ninth-grade children (n=7277), who were attending municipal schools in Japan. Percent overweight (POW) was calculated using their age, gender, height, and weight, which were collected through a questionnaire. A POW of < 20% was considered non-obese, while ≥ 20% was considered obese. Furthermore, using a geographic information system, we investigated the density of convenience stores, fast-food stores, casual restaurants, supermarkets and department stores, parks, sports facilities, stations, and intersections in the school district. Additionally, from the census, we obtained information regarding the population density of the municipality where the participants’ schools were located. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between obesity and food environment (the food environment model), between obesity and physical activity environment (the physical activity environment model), and among obesity, food, and physical activity environment (the food and physical activity environment model). Results: In the food environment model and the food and physical activity environment model, the density of convenience stores showed a significant positive association. In the physical activity environment model, the density of stations showed a significant negative association. Conclusion: This study’s findings can contribute to the development of appropriate community interventions for improving children’s health in Japan and similar areas.
Francisco Weffort and the Dependency Theory: Populism, Class, and Nation
Authors: Kaysel André , Mussi Daniela
Published: November 2021

Discussion of the notions of populism and dependency as part of Brazilian political thought in the first years after the establishment of the dictatorship in the country, especially of the contributions of the political scientist Francisco Weffort from 1966 to 1972, reveals the bumpy path of these concepts in Weffort’s research on national political history and on the difficulties of building a developed and democratic nation. From the debates between Weffort and Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Weffort’s growing concern with the problem of working-class autonomy and criticism of and retreat from the use of the notion of dependency it is apparent that, contrary to what its own author stated, one of the main theories about populism in Brazil and Latin America was far from homogeneous.

A discussão das noções de populismo e dependência como parte do pensamento político brasileiro nos primeiros anos após o estabelecimento da ditadura no país, especialmente das contribuições do cientista político Francisco Weffort de 1966 a 1972, revela o caminho acidentado dessas concepções na pesquisa de Weffort sobre a história política nacional e sobre as dificuldades de construção de uma nação desenvolvida e democrática. Dos debates entre Weffort e Fernando Henrique Cardoso, e da crescente preocupação de Weffort com o problema da autonomia da classe trabalhadora e da crítica e recuo do uso da noção de dependência, é evidente que, ao contrário do que afirmava seu próprio autor, uma das principais teorias sobre o populismo no Brasil e na América Latina estava longe de ser homogênea.
Works councils and the digitalisation of manufacturing: Opportunity or threat for their power position?
Authors: Rego Kerstin
Published: November 2021

In the course of the so-called ‘digital transformation’, the digitalisation of manufacturing is on the agenda in many companies. Are works councils, as an important form of workplace representation of employees’ interests, prepared to bring employees’ interests into company digitalisation processes, and does this affect their own position of power? To answer these questions, four in-depth qualitative case studies of works councils from German industrial companies are conducted. The results show that works councils can rely on important resources in the bargaining of digitalisation processes. Through the combination of resource use with other factors, such as the perception of digitalisation and the (un)willingness of management to involve works councils, three different constellations can be identified under which dealing with digitalisation represents an opportunity or a threat for works councils.
Why do labour platforms negotiate? Platform strategies in tax-based welfare states
Authors: Ilsøe Anna , Larsen Trine Pernille
Published: November 2021

The regulatory setting and growing worker mobilization in the digital platform economy have recently attracted much political and academic attention. However, the perspective of platforms as employers and their role in regulating the online market are less researched. This article contributes with a fresh perspective on labour platforms as potential employers and their various strategies towards collective bargaining. Empirically, the article draws on in-depth case studies of three labour platforms operating in Denmark, but choosing very different strategies towards collective bargaining. The study identifies four factors impacting their choice of strategy: platform ownership, existing sector-level agreements, growth rates and customer base.
Review: African Art and the Transformational Role of Museums
Authors: O. Apata Gabriel
Published: November 2021

There was a time when Africa was thought to have no history, no philosophy, no civilizational culture and no artistic creativity or aesthetic sensibilities. This new book, African Art Reframed: Reflections and Dialogues on Museum Cultures by Bennetta Jules-Rosette and J.R. Osborn, re-evaluates this perception and argues that African art has come a long way in the last few decades, taking the reader through the transformational process that African art has undergone in that period, including the role of the museums and the collaborative work of agents across different sectors in the reframing of African art.
Daily social interactions and well-being in older adults: The role of interaction modality
Authors: Macdonald Birthe , Luo Minxia , Hülür Gizem
Published: November 2021

Associations between social relationships and well-being are widely documented across the lifespan, including in older age. Older adults increasingly use digital communication technologies. In the present study, we examine the role of social interactions for older adults’ daily well-being with a focus on three interaction modalities (face-to-face, telephone, and digital). Specifically, we examine (a) whether people who are more socially active than others report higher levels of well-being and (b) how day-to-day fluctuations in the number of social interactions are associated with day-to-day fluctuations of well-being, separately by interaction modality. We use data from 115 participants (age: M = 72 years, SD = 5, range = 65–94; 40% women), who documented their social interactions over 21 days and reported their well-being each evening (including positive affect, negative affect, and loneliness). Taken together, our findings show that frequency of face-to-face interactions is more consistently related to well-being than telephone or digital interactions. At the between-person level, those who report more face-to-face social interactions than others across 21 days report higher levels of positive affect than others. At the within-person level, on days where participants report more face-to-face social interactions than their own average, they report higher positive affect, lower negative affect, and lower loneliness than usual. In addition, a higher number of digital interactions is associated with lower negative affect at the between-person level. In summary, our findings suggest that face-to-face social interactions are uniquely relevant to older adults’ daily well-being. We discuss implications of these findings for future research.
Tunnel Management in Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Current Concepts
Authors: Wolfson Theodore S. , Mannino Brian , Owens Brett D. , Waterman Brian R. , Alaia Michael J.
Published: November 2021

Bone tunnel–related complications are frequently encountered during revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Issues with tunnel positioning, enlargement, containment, and hardware interference may complicate surgery and compromise outcomes. As a result, several strategies have emerged to address these issues and optimize results. However, a systematic, unified approach to tunnel pathology in revision ACLR is lacking. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current state of the literature on bone tunnel complications and, although extensive literature on the subject is lacking, present an updated approach to the evaluation and management of tunnel-related issues in revision ACLR.
Max Weber and the chemistry of the Protestant ethic
Authors: Kollár Dávid
Published: November 2021

This article aims to reconstruct a possible interpretation of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism through the concept of elective affinity, which, as I have read, records fundamental implications for social science thinking. I argue that, in contrast to mechanical descriptions, Weber’s model sought to capture social phenomena through interactions between elements with heterogeneous qualitative properties. This effort, in turn, bears a very strong resemblance to the operation of social science models examining the functioning of complex systems. In line with this, I proceed as follows: first, I briefly outline the backbone of the argument of The Protestant Ethic, and then, through the concept of elective affinity, show how it can be fitted into one of the defining lines of current social science approaches. In line with this, I attempt to discuss the argument of The Protestant Ethic in the context of agent-based models. I argue that Weber’s approach can be seen as essentially a prototype of agent-based modeling.
Mapping the field of misinformation correction and its effects: A review of four decades of research
Authors: E Qinyu , Sakura Osamu , Li Gefei
Published: November 2021

Why people still rely on misinformation after clear corrections is a major concern driving relevant research. Different fields, from psychology to marketing, have been seeking answers. Yet there remains no systematic review to integrate these theoretical and empirical insights. To fill the gap, this article reviewed 135 articles on misinformation correction and its effects written before 2020 to examine the knowledge generated in the field. Our findings indicate a consistent interest on this topic over the past four decades, and a sharp increase of relevant scholarly work in the last ten years. Nevertheless, most studies have been built upon psychological inquiries and quantitative methodologies. What is lacking includes longitudinal measurements of debunking effectiveness, theoretical insights beyond cognitive sciences, methodological contributions from qualitative approaches, and empirical evidence from non-western societies. With this analysis, we propose worthwhile focuses for future exploration.
Extreme environments: An educational framework for arts-based field research
Authors: Hessels Scott , Shine Laura
Published: November 2021

Field station research locations offer scientists isolation and immersion for more precise statistical analysis of climate change and environmental damage. As more art/science initiatives develop in academia, art students are gaining access to difficult scientific research sites and using the experience to fuel creative strategies. The methodology for offering a course that taps these into possibilities for the teaching of creativity remains little explored. Through a case study at the School of Creative Media in Hong Kong, this article examines how student expeditions that work adjacent to environmental scientists in extreme environments can be used for the teaching of creativity and artistic process as well as informing a larger public on climate issues. The structure of the program with detailed descriptions of sequenced proficiencies is presented. Both pedagogical philosophy and logistic issues will be discussed through the set-up and organizational structure of the course, the variety of teaching materials, assignments, dissemination and finally the exhibition and impact of the students’ work. Using scientific resources with the goal of artistic interpretation, the pedagogy is designed to respond to the emerging potential of digital technologies in creative media. The results, both for the students and the public, demonstrate multimodal approaches that offer broader possibilities for learning and outreach that are both scalable and transferable.
Online Dyslexia Professional Development for Diverse Practitioners: A Multiple-Case Study
Authors: Cheyney-Collante Kristi , Gonsalves Vivian , Giuliani Sarah
Published: November 2021

The International Dyslexia Association estimates that on average, as many as 15% to 20% of the population may display symptoms of dyslexia, which include inaccurate or laborious reading, and weak spelling and writing. Unfortunately, many individuals with dyslexia have found themselves surrounded by school and community members who do not understand this pervasive and well-documented language-learning disability. Data on experiences of diverse practitioners attempting to gain expertise in dyslexia are one critical path for identifying potential mechanisms for mitigating these challenges. In this article, the authors report on a multiple-case study designed to better understand the experiences and contexts of graduate students enrolled in an online dyslexia assessment and intervention professional development program. Analysis revealed common contextual barriers to practice across unique settings and also common supports acquired as participants built their internal capacity through their online learning experiences.
Exploring Providers’ Perception to Naloxone Education for Opioid Overdose After Receiving Academic Detailing at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
Authors: Bounthavong Mark , Christopher Melissa L. D. , Veenstra David L. , Basu Anirban , Devine Emily Beth
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), in partnership with the Opioid Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution (OEND) Program, implemented the National Academic Detailing Service to deliver naloxone education to providers with patients at-risk for opioid-related overdose. Methods: We administered a 26-item online survey to VA providers to explore their perceptions about prescribing naloxone for opioid overdose emergencies and their experience with academic detailing between August 2017 and April 2018. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics to (1) explore their current perceptions of naloxone prescribing and their experience with academic detailing, (2) identify differences across provider types [primary care providers (PCP), specialists, and others], and (3) assess perceived naloxone prescribing behavior change after an academic detailing visit. Results: Providers (N = 137) indicated that they were practicing at a level that was consistent with VA goals to promote take-home naloxone to reverse opioid-related overdose events. Average domain scores were similar across PCP, specialist, and other provider types. Specialists reported a higher average attitude domain score (+.56, P = .011) and perceived barriers domain score (+.82, P = .009) than PCPs. Most providers agreed that they prescribed naloxone more frequently due to academic detailing (53%) and indicated that they synthesized information from the academic detailer to change their naloxone prescribing practice (60%). Discussion: VA providers’ perceptions of take-home naloxone were aligned with current evidence-based practice. Moreover, providers reported increasing their naloxone prescribing and synthesizing OEND-related information after an academic detailing interaction. Understanding providers’ perceptions can be used to improve and enhance the academic detailing program’s effectiveness.
Mediating Effect of WhatsApp Addiction Between Social Loneliness and Preference for Online Social Interaction: A Cross-cultural Study
Authors: Nagar Komal , Singh Gurmeet , Singh Rabinder
Published: November 2021

The present study aims to explore the relationship between social loneliness and online interaction through WhatsApp addiction among a sample of Indian and Fijian respondents. Based on the responses of 202 Indian and 73 Fijian respondents, the present research study validated the mediating role of WhatsApp addiction, revealing that social loneliness increased the possibility of preferring to interact online through increased WhatsApp addiction. The empirical results showed that the underlying mechanism of social loneliness might indirectly influence consumers’ preference for online social interaction (POSI). The study further assessed the moderating role of culture in the association between social loneliness and POSI. Findings of the moderated mediation analysis demonstrated that, the association between loneliness and preference to socialize online differed, based on the identified cultural differences between Indian and Fijian groups.
Gendered Acquiescence and Resistance(s) to Coercive Sexual Practices Among Female Students at a Zimbabwean University
Authors: Mukwidigwi Tariro , Naidu Maheshvari
Published: November 2021

High rates of sexual coercion among female students in institutions of higher education are a global concern. Although this phenomenon is universal, female university students’ experiences and reactions to coercive sexual practices vary greatly due to differences in geo-socio-cultural milieus in universities. This study investigated the extent to which female students acquiesced or resisted gendered codes of sexual conduct during experiences of sexual coercion. Using mixed methodology, the study drew on the narratives of 341 female students and three key informants from a Zimbabwean university. The study’s findings revealed that female students showed significant levels of acquiescence to gendered sexual norms and coercive sexual practices. This suggests that normative sexual practices embedded in university cultures subordinate women’s sexuality, resulting in their vulnerability and acquiescence to coercive sexual practices. However, despite being positioned in a restrictive context which worked to instill and reproduce gendered norms of sexuality and acquiescence to coercive sexual practices, some female students demonstrated significant levels of “constrained” sexual agency, power and subjectivity. These students enacted embodied resistances and (re)negotiated gendered norms of sexuality in the form of negotiations, antagonistic reactions and (re)construction of dominant sexual practices and norms. Therefore, the study concludes that, while female university students conform to dominant sexual practices and norms, they also have the capacity to challenge them and actively resist and manage their experiences of sexual coercion
Comparison of a point-of-care serum amyloid A analyzer frequently used in equine practice with 2 turbidimetric immunoassays used in human and veterinary medicine
Authors: Kiemle Julia , Hindenberg Sarah , Bauer Natali , Roecken Michael
Published: November 2021

Rapid, accurate detection of serum amyloid A (SAA) is needed in equine practice. We validated a patient-side point-of-care (POC) assay (Stablelab; Zoetis) compared to the turbidimetric immunoassays LZ-SAA (TIA-Hum) and VET-SAA (TIA-Vet; both Eiken Chemical). Analytical performance was assessed at 3 different concentration ranges and with interferences. Inter-method comparison using 49 equine serum samples revealed a significant difference between median SAA results ( p < 0.0001), with the strongest bias between the POC and TIA-Vet (median 1,093 vs. 578 mg/L). The median SAA value obtained with the TIA-Hum method was 752 mg/L. Correlation between POC/TIA-Hum and between POC/TIA-Vet was fair (rs = 0.77 and 0.69) and excellent between both TIAs (rs = 0.93). Bias between POC/TIA-Hum, POC/TIA-Vet, and TIA-Hum/TIA-Vet was −56.7%, –80.9%, and −28.2%, respectively. POC intra- and inter-assay CVs (16.1–30% and 19.8–35.5%) were higher than TIA CVs (generally <12%). Bilirubin and hemoglobin had a negative bias on POC and TIA-Vet results (−16.6 to −45.6%); addition of intralipid yielded a positive bias (35.9–77.4%). The POC had good linearity of SAA concentrations up to 10,312 mg/L ( R2 = 0.92). A hook effect was present at SAA >3,000 mg/L for the POC assay. Equine serum SAA was stable over a median period of 2.5 y when stored at −80°C. Overall, there was excellent-to-moderate correlation between tests, but imprecision and hook effect of the POC, as well as bias between the methods, must be considered.
Effect of season and geographic location in the United States on detection of potential enteric pathogens or toxin genes in horses ≥6-mo-old
Authors: Willette Jaclyn A. , Kopper Jamie J. , Kogan Clark J. , Seguin M. Alexis , Schott Harold C.
Published: November 2021

We investigated the effects of season and geographic location on detection of nucleic acids of potential enteric pathogens (PEPs) or their toxins (PEP-Ts) in feces of horses ≥6-mo-old in the United States. Results of 3,343 equine diarrhea PCR panels submitted to Idexx Laboratories for horses >6-mo-old were reviewed. Submission months were grouped into 4 seasons, and states were grouped into 4 geographic regions. Logistic regression was performed to assess effects of season and region on detection rates of PEPs and PEP-Ts. Agresti–Coull CIs were determined. Detection rate of Salmonella enterica was higher in the South in summer compared to all other regions, and was also higher in the South in fall compared to the Midwest and Northeast. The Neorickettsia risticii detection rate was lower during summer in the West and higher in fall in the Midwest. Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. was lower during spring, summer, and winter in the West. Differences were not identified for detection rates of Clostridioides difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Lawsonia intracellularis, Rhodococcus equi, equine rotavirus, and equine coronavirus. Overall, our data support seasonal and regional differences in detection rates of S. enterica, N. risticii, and Cryptosporidium spp. in horses ≥6-mo-old in the United States.
Congenital cataract and spherophakia leading to starvation in a free-ranging muskox neonate from the Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Case Julia E. , Pederzolli Rae-Leigh A. , Clark Edward G. , Fenton Heather , Kutz Susan J. , Grahn Bruce H. , Rothenburger Jamie L.
Published: November 2021

A muskox neonate ( Ovibos moschatus) that died of starvation was diagnosed with congenital lenticular anomalies that included spherophakia and hypermature cataract associated with probable lens-induced lymphocytic uveitis and neutrophilic keratitis. Impaired sight as a result of cataract and associated inflammation likely contributed to abandonment and starvation, although maternal death cannot be excluded definitively. Ocular lesions, such as congenital cataracts and spherophakia in neonates, may be important factors affecting survival in free-ranging animals.
Canine mast cell tumors: utility of stereologic tools in cytology
Authors: Marcos Ricardo , Almeida João , Marques Joana , Moreira Raquel , Dias-Pereira Patrícia , Correia-Gomes Carla , Santos Marta
Published: November 2021

Quantitative morphologic parameters assessed in cytologic samples of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (ccMCTs) may assist with surgical planning and prognostication. Robust cutoffs can be defined, with high reproducibility, for parameters such as the nuclear area (NA). The NA may be determined by morphometry (image analysis, NAI) or by stereology, such as the 2D-nucleator method (NAN); stereologic techniques have not been applied to cytologic specimens of ccMCT, to our knowledge. We retrospectively selected routine cytology smears from 51 ccMCT cases and screened them to determine the percentage of neoplastic mast cells with indistinct nuclear borders; this was repeated after the slides were restained with H&E. The NAI and the NAN were estimated in 100 mast cells per animal in H&E-stained slides. All nuclei were visible in H&E smears, and unbiased quantification was feasible. The NAN was similar to NAI, but less time-consuming. Both the NAN and NAI determined by cytology differed in histologic low- and high-grade ccMCTs, and in histologic grade I plus II versus grade III ccMCTs. Stereologic parameters such as the NAN could be considered as complementary techniques for the cytologic evaluation of ccMCTs.
Exploring the Relationship between Patient Acuity, Patient Assignments and Fatigue among Nurses
Authors: Mollica John , Schwerha Diana
Published: November 2021

This study surveyed 114 registered nurses throughout Ohio to determine if there was a relationship between patient acuity and perceived fatigue. Also examined for a potential relationship to perceived fatigue were nurse-patient ratios (NPRs) and the method by which nurse-patient assignments (NPAs) were created. Two validated fatigue scales, the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) and the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery (OFER) scale were used to capture participants perception of fatigue at their workplace. Resultsindicated that the interaction between patient acuity and NPR was significantly related to FAS ratings while NPR had a significant relationship to acute fatigue on the OFER scale. Most nurses experience substantial fatigue, with high acuity patients having an overall greater impact. We recommend that NPAs shall contain fewer high acuity patients than lower acuity patients. Additionally, The OFER acute fatigue scale (OPER-AF) suggests that assignments should contain no more than five patients to mitigate fatigue.
Cobot And Robot Risk Assessment (CARRA) method: an Automation Level-Based Safety Assessment Tool to Improve Fluency in Safe Human Cobot/Robot Interaction
Authors: Stone Richard T. , Pujari Shamika , Mumani Ahmad , Fales Colten , Ameen Mohammed
Published: November 2021

Cobots and robots are integral to automated manufacturing operations. Although there are many studies in the field of industrial robots and cobots to make them safer the number of OSHA accidents due to cobots and robots has not decreased. Even though these cobots are considered inherently safe, they open more probability for accidents because they are not caged. Therefore, it is necessary for the manufacturing industries using cobots to consider the risk involved in human cobot interaction and the ways to attain safety and lower the risk of injury before installing cobots on assembly lines. A user-centric tool was developed to perform an ergonomic risk assessment using process- failure mode effect analysis for different automation levels in human-cobot interaction. The tool suggests recommended actions and various options to eliminate physical injuries. The results provide insights about safety analysis that can be used by manufacturers to improve safe human cobot interaction.
Conceptualizing Team Working Memory: Implications for Human-Automation Collaboration
Authors: Miyake Tina , Parker Charles , Hall Anna , Boring Ronald
Published: November 2021

Interactions between humans and machines are becoming increasingly more complex and intelligent. Building accurate models of human and automation collaboration will require identification and appropriate measurement of constructs. In this paper, we review several studies on working memory and automation. We then propose that the construct of Team working memory must be validated against established benchmarks and distinguished from individual WM. A separate construct for Team working memory might have implications for automation.
Transcending Distance in Long-Term Care: Can Serious Games Increase Resident Resilience?
Authors: Hall Trevor , Kastner Monika , Woollard Susan , Ramdeyol Christine , Makarski Julie , Zhang Yigong , Gaulton Catherine , Popovich Karyn , Chignell Mark
Published: November 2021

In Canada, over 15,000 residents of long-term care have died from COVID-19 since the start of the pandemic representing 59 percent of all COVID-19 deaths (National Institute of Ageing, 2021). Urgent research and subsequent applied action are needed to save life and quality of life including the presence of family (CFHI, 2020). Social and physical frailty are major systemic patient safety gaps and are challenges for most healthcare organizations. This practitioner-led panel of experienced human factors, implementation science and healthcare experts used a case study of a project at North York General Hospital’s Seniors’ Health Centre in Toronto to discuss how these challenges can be addressed with serious games. The project discussed used games that aim to reduce social and physical frailty through exercise while interacting with remote families. Lessons learned to-date and challenges observed, in rapidly implementing safety and human factors programs intended to create resilient residents in a real healthcare context were discussed.
Research and Design Trends for Exam Room Computing to Enhance Patient Centeredness
Authors: Saleem Jason J. , Militello Laura G. , Asan Onur , Read Jacob M. , Montague Enid
Published: November 2021

While there is an extensive and established history of research that demonstrates the unfortunate capacity of exam room computing and electronic health records (EHRs) to negatively impact provider-patient communication and interaction, recent trends in exam room computing are promising in that there may be an opportunity for the EHR to improve patient engagement. The logical evolution of this research is to flip the narrative to understand strategies for using exam room computing as a mediator or facilitator of provider-patient communication and interaction, rather than simply establishing ways to mitigate the documented barriers. Panelists will present and discuss their latest research and experiences that may contribute to the evolution of using exam room computing as a tool to enhance provider-patient communication and interaction. We will also discuss how a thoughtful exam room design with patient-centered exam room computing technologies and practices may positively impact specific human factors, safety, and bias outcomes.
Being Bold: How HFES Can Encourage Responsible, Timely and Participative Ergonomics to Address Societal Issues
Authors: Wooldridge Abigail R. , Rogers Courtney C. , Reid Christopher R. , Valdez Rupa S. , Endsley Mica , Holden Richard J. , Sommerich Carolyn M. , Thatcher Andrew
Published: November 2021

Human Factors/Ergonomics (HF/E) is a systems discipline focused on jointly optimizing human well-being and overall system performance. Societal problems, including but not limited to health inequity, racism, poverty, and (lack of) sustainability, are inherently systems problems that involve humans, and so recent work has argued that HF IE can and should contribute to addressing these issues. This panel will bring together leaders of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) to discuss if and how HFES can encourage and support responsible, timely, and participative ergonomics to address societal issues. The session will be highly interactive as the organizers will moderate discussion to reflect on the progress the science and Society (i.e., HFES) have made in this space, identify areas for improvement, and creatively consider future actions to ensure our science and Society are responding to these issues in an ethical manner.
A Systems Approach to Addressing the Intersection of Mental Health Disability, Homelessness, and the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Vredenburgh Alexandra N. , Ibrahim Keyrollos , Bhat-Patel Priya , Kramer Jessica
Published: November 2021

California’s economy, alone, is so large that if it were its own country, it would be the 5th largest in the world. Yet, California has an estimated 151,000 people experiencing homelessness, which is more than any other state in the US. Housing insecurity is often interrelated with mental health and disability and there are several barriers experienced by persons with disabilities, especially when accessing essential needs. There are a multitude of legal barriers that homeless individuals living with disabilities face when seeking government services or interfacing with law enforcement. This panel will discuss how these social challenges intersect, and why a systems approach is needed to address these complicated, interrelated problems.
Embedding Ethical Principles into the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society: Interactive Discussion with the Code of Ethics Task Force
Authors: Peres S. Camille , Acemyan Claudia Ziegler , Bass Ellen J. , Brunsen Emily , Jacinto Rosemarie Figueroa , Trippe Julia (Jules) , Wagner Richard B.
Published: November 2021

The society’s code of ethics was last updated in 2005 and thus needs to be reviewed and updated. To do so, the previous code of ethics was reviewed as well as other documentation particularly with respect to inclusion. The goal of the Code of Ethics Task Force at the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society is to not only review the society’s artefacts but also to recommend suggestions for their improvement with respect to best practices. Further, this Task Force will explore whether and if so how, operating rules should be established to support the Code of Ethics.
Managing as a UX Researcher: No Two Paths Are Alike
Authors: Glas Zoe , Bartha Michael C. , Edwards Rochelle , Harper Christy , Kerestecioglu Damla , Saqqar Nizar
Published: November 2021

New graduates interested in entering industry and individual contributors already in industry have little to no transparency into the life of a research manager. The industry professionals on this panel are all managers who oversee other researchers (and some of whom still continue to perform research themselves). Each manager has a very different set of roles and responsibilities and took a different pathway to arrive at where they are today. They will share insights around what management does and does not entail, discuss various ways one may become a manager (as well as the motivations), and break down types of teams managers may lead throughout their careers.
Navy Command Decision Making: Basic Research, Applied Research, and Transition to Enhance Current and Future Capabilities
Authors: Clegg Benjamin A. , Morrison Jeffrey G. , Brown Noelle L. , Feigh Karen M. , Smallman Harvey S. , Wickens Christopher D.
Published: November 2021

The emergence of Human Factors as a discipline is often traced to pioneering efforts tackling military issues in World War II. Rapid technological advances raised fundamental questions around human performance. Approaches, solutions, and advances in the science soon spread outside of their original military contexts. Current and emerging technologies, and also new challenges for human-machine systems, means Human Factors remains central to military effectiveness, while producing outcomes with broader potential impact. This panel discussion will examine an array of contributions to the Office of Naval Research program on Command Decision Making. The session will explore methods to understand and enhance decision making through: (1) Addressing gaps that demand further foundational knowledge to produce empirical generalizations, models, and theories as basis for future guidelines, principles, specifications, and doctrine for Navy Command Decision Making; (2) Applications of existing knowledge within specific contexts to address current /future real world Navy decision making challenges.
Human Factors Engineering: Designing for Diversity and Accessibility
Authors: Stonewall Jacklin , Roscoe Rod , Mont’Alvão Claudia , Lerner Papautsky Elizabeth , Sanford Jon , Valdez Rupa
Published: November 2021

As the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee enters its fifth year, it continues to encourage the society, annual meeting attendees, and human factors professionals to improve diversity and equity within the field. At the center of this field are humans and their widely varying needs and abilities. While HFE professionals devote themselves to these needs, their details are often overlooked in order to design for what is assumed to be a majority of users. These assumptions can then lead users to be rejected by products, systems, or objects. This rejection indicates a lack of accessibility, which affects millions worldwide. In this panel, experts in the areas of universal design, healthcare, and accessible design will discuss how to “do” accessibility while demonstrating that accessibility should be considered a required component of usability.
Computational Models for Workload Analysis of Driving Tasks
Authors: Handley Holly , Thompson Deborah
Published: November 2021

This paper describes a methodology to design computational models to evaluate the workload for driving tasks. A computational model was configured for a driving scenario used in a pilot study that included a secondary task at varying levels of difficulty to increase the driver’s workload. The computational model results provided a workload analysis of the concurrent driving tasks. This analysis can be used to explain the experimental findings from subject experiments and to evaluate the workload trade-offs between primary and secondary driving tasks.
Analysis of Shoulder Sprains and Strains in Mining
Authors: Larsen Madison , Whitson Ashley , Pollard Jonisha , Nasarwanji Mahiyar
Published: November 2021

Material handling injuries reported to the U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) result in nearly 70,000 days of work lost each year. Several mitigation efforts for these injuries focus on the back, but shoulder injuries account for four times the days lost. Nonfatal incidents reported to MSHA from 2013 through 2017 were limited to shoulder sprains and strains and were analyzed to determine what contributed the most to these injuries. Injuries were coded based on the task performed, motions involved, and the tools used. The analysis indicated that auto maintenance and tasks involving loading/unloading supplies led to the highest number of injuries. Many of these injuries were related to operating equipment or the use of specific tools. The injuries often involved lifting/lowering or pulling/pushing movements. These findings suggest future mitigation strategies for the risk of shoulder sprains and strains should focus on auto maintenance and tasks involving loading/unloading supplies.
Parallel Assessment Tracks for Human-Centered Design (PATH): A Framework for Transitioning to a New Health Information Technology System
Authors: Saleem Jason J. , Maddox Kyle , Herout Jennifer , Ruark Kurt
Published: November 2021

This practice-oriented paper presents a human-centered design (HCD) framework that we developed to perform a comprehensive evaluation of a new health information technology (HIT) system under development, intended to replace a legacy system. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Veteran Crisis Line (VCL) program provides a vital service in crisis intervention and suicide prevention. VCL staff rely on a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) legacy system, Medora. VCL intended to replace Medora with Microsoft Dynamics 365 (D365) CRM system. Due to wide-spread criticism of D365, the VA Human Factors Engineering (HFE) team engaged in a multi-study, mixed-method HCD evaluation to investigate the legacy system and intended replacement in terms of ability to support VCL staff needs. The HCD framework we developed to perform this evaluation may be adapted for other large-scale HIT transitions and may provide human factors practitioners with guidance to make evidence-based decisions to support (or abandon) such transitions.
Putting Gonuke Into Practice: Considerations for Human Factors Evaluations
Authors: Boring Ronald L. , Ulrich Thomas A. , Lew Roger
Published: November 2021

The Guideline for Operational Nuclear Usability and Knowledge Elicitation (GONUKE) framework was introduced in 2015 to support human factors evaluations needed for control room upgrades at nuclear power plants. NUREG-0711, the Human Factors Engineering Program Review Model, is used by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission to review human factors activities associated with human-system interfaces at nuclear power plants, and GONUKE is anchored to the phases of development and design in NUREG-0711. This paper addresses five considerations to help users of GONUKE better apply the framework to evaluations for NUREG-0711 and beyond. These five considerations are: (1) GONUKE only specifies evaluation, not design; (2) GONUKE is a framework, not a method or process; (3) GONUKE goes beyond NUREG-0711 requirements; (4) GONUKE application shouldfollow a graded approach; (5) different evaluations are required fo r formative vs. summative phases.
The Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Nurses’ Behavior For Updating Assessment Results By Using The Electronic Medical Record Log Data In A Non- Covid Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Kasaie Alireza , Hyup Kim Jung , Despins Laurel
Published: November 2021

The primary objective of this paper is to explore whether COVID-19 affects nurses’ behavior on updating assessment results in EMRs in an intensive care unit (ICU) and analyze how the patterns of updating assessment results can be different. The study considered information from March (before the pandemic) and July (during the pandemic) in terms of average process time and frequency. In this study, the response-time measurement system data was used to analyze ICU nurses’ workflow related to EMR documentation. After that, multiple hierarchical task analysis (HTA) charts were developed to find different EMR documentation patterns for assessment results. The results revealed that these patterns were significantly different in terms of average process time and frequency before and during the pandemic. The finding of this study might reveal the possible impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the patterns of updating patient assessment results and how nurses’ preferences can be different in terms of average process time and frequency.
A Framework for Measuring Situation Awareness in Cyberspace Operations
Authors: Wong Jason H. , Van Orden Karl , Abrams Brittany R. , Iden Rebecca M. , Viraldo Jake
Published: November 2021

Critical human factors challenges, including some that are unique to the cyber domain, demand technological solutions to aid operators performing cyber missions. One performance component of particular interest is measuring the situation awareness (SA) of human operators monitoring cyber events (herein called cyber SA). During a literature review, this paper’s authors found several attempts to develop and test measures of cyber SA, but none of the papers presented a framework integrating a formal definition of SA into the cyber domain. By crossing the US Army’s five-plane model of cyberspace operations with Endsley’s three-level model of SA, a formal framework is herein proposed. Using this framework, researchers can develop probe questions suitable for any cyber mission, and their results can be used to measure cyber SA. A sample application of this framework is provided, and future directions are proposed.
Novel Auditory Displays in Highly Automated Vehicles: Sonification Improves Driver Situation Awareness, Perceived Workload, and Overall Experience
Authors: Nadri Chihab , Ko Sangjin , Diggs Colin , Winters Michael , Sreehari V. K. , Jeon Myounghoon
Published: November 2021

Highly automated driving systems are expected to require the design of new user-vehicle interactions. Sonification can be used to provide contextualized alarms and cues that can increase situation awareness and user experience. In this study, we examined user perceptions of potential use cases for level 4 automated vehicles in online focus group interviews (N=12). Also, in a driving simulator study, we evaluated (1) visual-only display; (2) non-speech with visual display; and (3) speech with visual display with 20 young drivers. Results indicated participants’ interest in the use cases and insight on desired functions in highly automated vehicles. Both audiovisual display conditions resulted in higher situation awareness for drivers than the visual-only condition. Some differences were found between the non-speech and speech conditions suggesting benefits of sonification for both driving and non-driving related auditory use cases. This study will provide guidance on sonification design for highly automated vehicles.
Validation of a Wireless Sensor System for the Estimation of Cumulative Lumbar Loads in Occupational Settings
Authors: Nail-Ulloa Ivan , Gallagher Sean , Huangfu Rong , Bani-Hani Dania , Pool Nathan
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of 3D L5/S1 moment estimates from a wearable inertial motioncapture system during manual lifting tasks. Reference L5/S1 moments were calculated using inversedynamics bottom-up and top-down laboratory models, based on the data from a measurement systemcomprising optical motion capture and force plates. Nine groups of four subjects performed tasks consistingof lifting and lowering 10 lbs. load with three different heights and asymmetry angles. As a measure ofsystem performance, the root means square errors and absolute peak errors between models werecompared. Also, repeated measures analyses of variance were calculated comparing the means and theabsolute peaks of the estimated moments. The results suggest that most of the estimates obtained from thewireless sensor system are in close correspondence when comparing the means, and more variability isobserved when comparing peak values to other models calculating estimates of L5/S1 moments.