bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bee Pollination Highly Improves Oil Quality in Sunflower
Authors: Silva Carina A. S. , Godoy Wesley A. C. , Jacob Cynthia R. O. , Thomas Gustavo , Câmara Gil M. S. , Alves Denise A.
Published: October 2018

Sunflower is a pollinator-dependent crop and one of the most cultivated oilseeds in the world, supporting important sectors of the agricultural industry, such as the food supply, because it is an important source of vitamin E and unsaturated fatty acids for human health. Although it is well stablished that bee pollination improves sunflower seed set, it is still unknown if pollinators influence the nutritional composition. Considering the economic importance of sunflowers for several Brazilian agricultural sectors, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the bee community for (1) achene quality (weight and nutritional composition) and (2) market value. Exclusion experiments were performed with hybrid sunflowers and showed that bee pollination enhanced the achene weight by 91 %, the levels of vitamin E by 45 % and unsaturated fatty acids by 0.3 %. Also, it was estimated that due to the pollination services provided by bees, the grower of the sunflower cultivar used in this study nearly duplicates the sale value of the achenes per hectare of cultivated area. Thus, the current study highlights the importance of bees as providers of cross- and self-pollination to nutritional quality of sunflower achenes and provides useful baseline figures to further evaluations of the effects of pollinators on human diets and health.
Different Responses in Geographic Range Shifts and Increase of Niche Overlap in Future Climate Scenario of the Subspecies of Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier
Authors: Teixeira Karina De Oliveira , Silveira Thiago Cesar Lima , Harter-Marques Birgit
Published: October 2018

Climate change is suggested to be one of the possible drivers of decline in pollinators. In this paper, we applied an ecological niche model to modeling distributional responses in face of climate changes for the subspecies of Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier. This species is divided into two subspecies based on difference in the yellow tergal stripes, which are continuous in M. q. quadrifasciata and interrupted in M. q. anthidioides. The geographic distribution of each subspecies is also distinct. M. q. quadrifasciata is found in colder regions in the Southern states of Brazil, whereas M. q. anthidioides is found in habitats with higher temperatures, suggesting that ecological features, such as adaption to distinct climatic conditions may take place. Thus, the possibility of having diff erent responses in geographic range shifts to future climate scenario would be expected. This study aimed to investigate the eff ects of climate changes on the distribution of the two M. quadrifasciata subspecies in Brazil, using an ecological niche model by the MaxEnt algorithm. Our results indicate that the subspecies showed clear diff erences in geographic shift patterns and increased climate niche overlap in the future scenarios. M. q. anthidioides will have the potential for an increase of suitable climatic conditinos in the Atlantic Forest, and towards the Pampa biome, while M. q. quadrifasciata will suffer a reduction of adequate habitats in almost all of its current geographic distribution. Given the potential adverse eff ects of climate changes for this subspecies, conservation actions are urgently needed to avoid that it goes extinct.
Toxic Metals in the Crude Propolis and Its Transfer Rate to the Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Orsi Ricardo De Oliveira , Barros Daniel Cavalcante Brambila , Silva Roney De Carvalho Machedo , Queiroz João Vitor de , Araújo Wellington Luiz de Paula , Shinohara Alex Junji
Published: October 2018

Concentrations of six toxic metals (Ni, Cr, Hg, Cd, Pb and Sn) in 106 samples of Brazilian crude propolis and the transfer rate of these contaminants to ethanolic extract of propolis were evaluated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results show the presence of all the analyzed metals in the samples of crude propolis of São Paulo and Minas Gerais States. Regarding the transfer of these metals to ethanolic extract of propolis, a significant reduction was observed for all metals analyzed. The crude propolis can be considered as an indicator of toxic metals in the environment and the reduction observed in the ethanolic extract of propolis makes the product safe for consumption.
Interaction Network and Niche Analysis of Natural Enemy Communities and their Host Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in fragments of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest
Authors: Lima Reinanda , Oliveira Diego Moure , Garófalo Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2018

Natural enemies are important components of solitary bee communities that nest in preexisting cavities because they act as a relevant mortality factor and can regulate population growth. Despite this, the natural enemy-host interaction remains poorly investigated. This research aimed to determine the composition of the community, the structure of the interaction network, and niche overlap and breadth of natural enemy species in areas of Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) and Semideciduous seasonal forest (Atlantic Forest) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Trap-nests made of black cardboard and bamboo canes were provided in the field and inspected monthly in each area, from August 2001 to July 2003 at Cerrado and from June 2006 to May 2008 at the Semideciduous seasonal forest.  A modular structure in the interaction network was observed for both areas with the populations of natural enemies showing high degrees of specialization. This structure confers higher stability against disturbances than less specialized webs since these adversities must spread more slowly through the network. The niche analysis showed low degrees of overlap for both, trophic and temporal, among the natural enemy populations.
Two Colors, One Species: The Case of Melissodes nigroaenea (Apidae: Eucerini), an Important Pollinator of Cotton Fields in Brazil
Authors: Grando Carolina , Amon Nolan David , Clough Steven J , Guo Na , Wei Wei , Azevedo Patricia , López-Uribe Margarita Maria , Zucchi Maria Imaculada
Published: October 2018

Accurate taxonomic delimitation in ecological research is absolutely critical as studies that seek to evaluate levels of biodiversity and qualify human effects on the environment are rapidly undertaken. Coloration is a widely used morphological character for species identification through dichotomous keys. However, taxonomic identification based upon coloration is often unreliable because this character can exhibit high degree of intraspecific variation. In this study, we use a DNA barcoding approach to investigate the interpretation of two color morphs (yellow or dark) in the eucerine bee Melissodes nigroaenea. Our hypothesis is that if significant genetic divergence exists between each morphotype of M. nigroaenea, coloration reflects two distinct evolutionary lineages within this species, which may require taxonomic revision. Our alternative hypothesis is that, if genetic divergence is low between each morphotype of M. nigroaenea, we can attribute this variation to color polymorphism. Our Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that both yellow and black individuals clustered together in a highly supported phylogenetic group. Additionally, pairwise genetic distances between M. nigroaenea color morphotypes were lower than 3%. These results indicate that both mesosome color morphs correspond to intraspecific variability within the same evolutionary unit. Together, our results indicate that mesosome coloration is not a reliable character for taxonomic differentiation of these Melissodes species, and that the incorporation of DNA barcoding approaches to taxonomic classification can help resolve some of the problems that originate while relying on purely morphological taxonomy.
Improving the Delivery of Healthcare through Clinical Diagnostic Insights: A Valuation of Laboratory Medicine through “Clinical Lab 2.0”
Authors: Swanson Kathleen , Dodd Monique R , VanNess Richard , Crossey Michael
Published: October 2018

Background

As healthcare payment and reimbursement begin to shift from a fee-for-service to a value-based model, ancillary providers including laboratories must incorporate this into their business strategy. Laboratory medicine, while continuing to support a transactional business model, should expand efforts to include translational data analytics, proving its clinical and economic valuation. Current literature in this area is limited.

Content

This article is a summary of how laboratory medicine can support value-based healthcare. Population health management is emerging as a method to support value-based healthcare by aggregating patient information, providing data analysis, and contributing to clinical decision support. Key issues to consider with a laboratory-developed population health management model are discussed, including changing reimbursement models, the use of multidisciplinary committees, the role of specialists in data analytics and programming, and barriers to implementation. Examples of data considerations and value are given.

Laboratory medicine is able to provide meaningful clinical diagnostic insights for population health initiatives that result in improved short- and long-term patient outcomes and drive cost-effective care. Opportunities include data analysis with longitudinal laboratory data, identification of patient-specific targeted interventions, and development of clinical decision support tools. Laboratories will need to leverage the skills and knowledge of their multidisciplinary staff, along with their extensive patient data sets, through innovative analytics to meet these objectives.
Intervention to Reduce Unnecessary Glucose Tolerance Testing in Pregnant Women
Authors: Buse Joshua D , Donovan Lois E , Naugler Christopher T , Sadrzadeh S M Hossein , de Koning Lawrence
Published: October 2018

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can be diagnosed in pregnant women by increased fasting plasma glucose alone, which eliminates the need for performing a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). If whole blood glucose meters are used to triage fasting samples in order to decide whether to give the glucose drink, a cutpoint with appropriate sensitivity and specificity for elevated fasting plasma glucose is needed.

Methods

The number of GDM diagnoses by increased fasting plasma glucose alone was determined from specimens collected and tested at core laboratories in urban hospitals, rural health centers, and from specimens collected at patient phlebotomy service centers (PSCs) for plasma testing at a central laboratory. The number of glucose drinks avoided was counted after implementing the diagnostic cutoff of ≥95 mg/dL (5.3 mmol/L) at urban hospitals and rural health centers, which have on-site plasma testing, and after selecting a PSC meter fasting venous whole blood glucose cutpoint after calculating sensitivity and specificity for plasma glucose ≥95 mg/dL (5.3 mmol/L) using logistic regression.

Results

Among 4850 OGTTs, there were 1315 GDM diagnoses annually, of which 409 were from increased fasting plasma glucose. Ninety-one percent of OGTTs were performed at PSCs. If a fasting plasma glucose cutpoint of ≥95 mg/dL (5.3 mmol/L) was implemented at urban hospitals and rural health centers and a meter fasting venous whole blood glucose cutpoint of ≥108 mg/dL (6.0 mmol/L) (25% sensitivity, 99.9% specificity) was implemented at PSCs, the drink would be appropriately avoided by 145 patients/year, and inappropriately avoided by 3 patients/year. After implementing these cutpoints, the drink was appropriately avoided in 91 patients during a 36-week period, with none inappropriately avoiding it.

Conclusion

Modifying fasting glucose cutpoints reduced unnecessary diagnostic OGTTs in pregnant women.
Direct Immunoassay for Free Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A)
Authors: Tuunainen Emilia , Lund Juha , Danielsson Joanna , Pietilä Pirjo , Wahlroos Veikko , Pudge Keira , Leinonen Isto , Porela Pekka , Ilva Tuomo , Lepäntalo Mauri , Pulkki Kari , Voipio-Pulkki Liisa-Maria , Pettersson Kim , Wittfooth Saara
Published: October 2018

Background

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), especially in its noncomplexed form (fPAPP-A), is linked to vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques and risk of cardiac events. An assay for sensitive detection of fPAPP-A has been lacking. Our aim was to develop and validate a direct fPAPP-A assay to meet this need.

Methods

Monoclonal antibodies binding exclusively fPAPP-A were produced by immunizing mice with recombinant PAPP-A. In the optimized immunoassay, we used an fPAPP-A–specific capture antibody together with a lanthanide-chelate–labeled monoclonal antibody recognizing all PAPP-A forms. The assay was evaluated with CLSI guidelines and compared to a 2-assay subtractive fPAPP-A approach. Clinical performance was assessed with acute coronary syndrome patients.

Results

The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.4 mIU/L and 1.3 mIU/L, respectively, and the assay was linear up to 1000 mIU/L (R  2 = 0.999). Both serum and heparin plasma were suitable matrices, and the complexed form of PAPP-A caused no significant interference. Correlation between the developed assay and the 2-assay approach was fair (Pearson's r = 0.819). Median concentration in healthy individuals was 1.0 mIU/L. fPAPP-A concentration was higher in patients who had myocardial infarction or died during the 1-year follow-up period than in those who did not (1.13 mIU/L vs 0.82 mIU/L, P = 0.008, model adjusted with age and sex). fPAPP-A measured with this direct assay predicted this end point as well as (follow-up 1 year) or better (30 days) than the 2-assay fPAPP-A alone or in combination with cTnI.

Conclusions

The new assay enables sensitive and reliable measurement of low cardiac-related fPAPP-A concentrations from blood samples.
Quantitation of Benzodiazepines and Metabolites in Urine by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zheng Yu Zi , Bunch Dustin R , Lembright Katherine , Wang Sihe
Published: October 2018

Background

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are central nervous system depressants that are prescribed to prevent seizures, manage anxiety, or help sleep. When misused, BZDs can lead to addiction and sometimes cause death. Measurement of BZDs in urine is used to identify their use, especially in pain management settings. LC-MS/MS is preferred for these measurements because of its high sensitivity and specificity. Here, we report an LC-MS/MS assay for measuring 7 BZDs and metabolites in urine.

Methods

Urine sample was incubated at 60 °C for 30 min after addition of internal standards and a β-glucuronidase solution. After centrifugation, the supernatant was diluted with methanol and water before being injected onto a C18 analytical column in an LC-MS/MS system for quantification. The analytical time between injections was 4.35 min. The analytes included 7-aminoclonazepam, α-hydroxyalprazolam, α-hydroxytriazolam, oxazepam, lorazepam, nordiazepam, and temazepam.

Results

The lower limit of quantification ranged from 30 ng/mL to 50 ng/mL with an analytical recovery >80% for all 7 analytes. Total CV was <10% for all analytes (3 concentration levels of 100, 2500, and 5000 ng/mL; n = 30 each). This method had 100% agreement with a GC-MS method offered by an independent laboratory for negative urine samples. For the positive urine samples, this method showed a strong correlation (R > 0.96) with the GC-MS method.

Conclusions

The LC-MS/MS assay allows accurate and precise measurement of 7 BZDs and metabolites in a single analytical run with a short analytical run time and broad measuring ranges.
Rapid Underivatized Method for Quantitative Methylmalonic Acid by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Mak Justin , Wong Beverly T , Kwan Tony , Le Anthony , Cowan Tina M
Published: October 2018

Background

Increased methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels can aid in assessing vitamin B12 deficiency or abnormal propionate metabolism. MMA analysis by LC-MS/MS is challenging because of both the nanomolar reference range and potential interference from succinic acid, an endogenous isomer. We show that ultrafiltration followed by gradient chromatography permits rapid, sensitive, and selective quantification that is essentially devoid of matrix effects.

Methods

Fifty microliters of serum or plasma were mixed with 50 μL of MMA-d3 and deproteinized by ultrafiltration. Filtrates were analyzed by reversed-phase LC-MS/MS. The clinical performance of the MMA assay was validated using guidelines from both the College of American Pathologists and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Matrix effects were examined by postcolumn infusion, phospholipid analysis, and peak area comparisons.

Results

The analytical measurement range was 0.05 to 100 μmol/L. The resolution between physiological succinic acid and MMA was >2.3. Recovery of MMA averaged 92%, and MMA eluted away from ion suppressants. Direct correlation with our earlier method and with consensus data from external proficiency testing yielded an R  2 ≥ 0.9409 and average biases less than ±5%. In the production environment, ongoing correlation with external proficiency testing yielded an R  2 of 0.9980 and a mean bias of 0.36%. Over 1.7 years, the imprecision of 2 quality control levels was <6.4%.

Conclusions

We combined ultrafiltration, a simple sample extraction method, with gradient chromatography to exclude matrix effects to accurately and precisely quantify MMA.
Hubungan Status Gizi Anak Usia 2-5 Tahun dengan Kelainan Jantung Bawaan Biru di RSUD Dr Soetomo Surabaya
Authors: Wulandari Ayu Pisita , Ontoseno Teddy , Umiastuti Pirlina
Published: October 2018

Latar belakang. Kelainan jantung bawaan biru adalah tipe umum dari kelainan jantung bawaan yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh faktor status gizi. Malnutrisi pada anak dengan kelainan jantung bawaan biru dapat meningkatkan mortalitas dan morbiditas.Tujuan. Untuk menganalisis hubungan status gizi dengan kelainan jantung bawaan biru.Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan observatif cross-sectional. Berat badan, usia, dan jenis kelamin diambil sebagai variabel penelitian. Status gizi dihitung dengan menggunakan metode z-skor dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu malnutrisi dan gizi baik.Hasil. Prevalensi kelainan jantung bawaan biru pada anak perempuan adalah 28 anak dan pada anak laki-laki adalah 16 anak. Angka kejadian terbanyak adalah pada anak usia 21-24 bulan. Tetralogi Fallot adalah tipe yang kelainan jantung bawaan biru terbanyak (68,2% dari total kelainan jantung bawaan biru). Pasien kelainan jantung bawaan biru dengan malnutrisi 63,6% dan gizi baik 36,4%. Dengan uji Chi-square diperoleh hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik (p=0,007) dan hubungan ini pada α=0,05 adalah lemah karena koefisien korelasinya sebesar 0,313.Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan yang lemah antara status gizi dengan kelainan jantung bawaan biru pada anak usia 2-5 tahun.
Korelasi Feritin Serum dengan Neopterin Serum pada Penyandang Talasemia-β Mayor Anak di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Hasan Sadikin
Authors: Fadhillah Idham , Susanah Susi , Hakim Dzulfikar Djalil Lukmanul
Published: October 2018

Latar belakang. Penyandang talasemia-β mayor berisiko lebih tinggi mengalami infeksi akibat disfungsi sistem imun karena kelebihan besi. Beban besi tubuh dapat ditunjukkan oleh kadar feritin serum (FS) sementara kadar neopterin serum (NS) merupakan penanda sensitif imunitas seluler tubuh.Tujuan. Mengetahui korelasi kadar FS dengan NS pada penyandang talasemia-β mayor anak.Metode. Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada penyandang talasemia-β mayor anak secara konsekutif yang telah mengalami kelebihan besi di Klinik Talasemia Anak RSUP Dr Hasan Sadikin pada Februari 2018. Subjek penelitian dipilih secara konsekutif. Kadar FS diperiksa dengan metoda immunoassay (CLIA), sedangkan NS dengan ELISA. Analisis statistik menggunakan korelasi rank Spearman, kemaknaan ditentukan berdasarkan nilai p<0,05. Hasil. Empat puluh anak memenuhi kriteria penelitian, terdiri dari 58% laki-laki dan 48% berusia lebih dari 10 tahun. Median kadar FS dan NS adalah 3391,1 ng/mL dan 0,57 nmol/L dengan rentang FS dan NS, yaitu 1038,1–7490,2 ng/mL dan 0,118–2,220 nmol/L. Secara keseluruhan korelasi kadar FS dengan NS diperoleh r= -0,474; p=0,002, sementara pada kadar FS <2000ng/mL didapatkan korelasi positif (r= 0,250).Kesimpulan. Kadar neopterin serum berkorelasi dengan kadar feritin serum, FS tidak dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi status imun pada penyandang talasemia-β mayor anak.
Imobilização da celulase presente em caldo fermentado em um suporte a base de quitosana
Authors: De Jesus Jean Nascimento , Cavalcante Paula Acioly Wanderley , Almeida Carlos Márcio Silva , De Oliveira Thaynah Souza , Varandas Vinicius Silva , Coêlho Diego Freitas , Rodrigues Jacqueline Rêgo da Silva , De Souza Roberto Rodrigues
Published: October 2018

As celulases são enzimas responsáveis pela hidrólise da celulose e apresentam um potencial crescente no mercado mundial. Neste experimento, foi utilizado o caldo bruto da celulase com uma atividade inicial de 2520 U/kg para imobilização em esferas de quitosana, usando como agente ativador o glutaraldeído. Foram estudados os efeitos da quantidade do caldo bruto, da quantidade das esferas e do agente ativador sobre o rendimento de imobilização, a atividade do biocatalisador e o sobrenadante do processo. Os melhores resultados obtidos levaram a escolha do volume e da quantidade de esferas para última fase, respectivamente de 7 mL e 14 esferas. Em relação à presença do agente ativador, o melhor resultado obtido foi o terceiro caso, no qual ocorreu a adsorção e depois foi adicionado o glutaraldeído e imobilizado novamente, apresentando 53,6% como rendimento de imobilização, 9,3% de atividade recuperada, 1180 U/kg de atividade no sobrenadante e uma atividade no biocatalisador de 124,2 U/kg.
Imobilização de lipase de Candida rugosa em suporte de quitosana por ligação covalente
Authors: Varandas Vinicius Silva , Ferreira Renata Déda Mendonça , Cavalcante Paula Acioly Wanderley , Oliveira Thaynah Souza , Coêlho Diego Freitas , Rodrigues Jacqueline Rêgo da Silva , Freitas Jefferson Arlen , Souza Roberto Rodrigues
Published: October 2018

A imobilização de enzimas abriu novos e promissores campos de atuação, entre eles, sua aplicação como catalisadores industriais de elevada eficiência. A alta especificidade e possibilidade de reuso têm permitido a gradual substituição de catalisadores convencionais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a produção de um biocatalisador através do estudo da imobilização de lipase em quitosana, ambos comerciais, por meio do método de ligação covalente. O suporte foi preparado por gotejamento de uma solução de quitosana em meio alcalino e posterior ativação com glutaraldeído, agente entrecruzante para a ligação covalente. Foram utilizadas concentrações de sinalizante entre 0 e 5% para avaliar qual a melhor em uma posterior imobilização. Verificou-se que as esferas ativadas a 3% demonstraram melhores resultados na imobilização, as quais forneceram os menores valores de atividade residual e concentração de proteínas do sobrenadante, bem como um rendimento de 89,37%. O biocatalisador produzido apresentou uma atividade catalítica máxima de 275,75 U/kg em substrato sintético, mantendo boa estabilidade mesmo após ser reutilizado nove vezes. Através dos testes de agitação, foi possível verificar que as esferas possuem resistência mecânica para suportar os ensaios de ativação e imobilização, além de possíveis aplicações em processos em batelada e em reatores de leito.
Rendimento do cariru, Talinum triangulare, em sistema de cultivo hidropônico
Authors: Araujo Fabio Sebastião , Silva Filho Danilo Fernandes , Blind Ariel Dotto , Figueiredo Jose Nilton Rodrigues , Souza Luiz Augusto Gomes de
Published: October 2018

O cariru é uma hortaliça folhosa, muito consumida na região norte do Brasil e atualmente demanda informações concretas sobre seu cultivo em sistema hidropônico. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho dessa espécie em sistema de cultivo hidropônico mini floating. O experimento foi conduzido em estufa convencional, adotando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos: T1- reposição de nutrientes com nível de redução da Condutividade Elétrica (CE) em 25%; T2- reposição de nutrientes com nível de redução da CE em 50% e T3- reposição de nutrientes quando houver uma redução de 50% do volume inicial da solução nutritiva, e quatro repetições. As plantas avaliadas foram propagadas vegetativamente por estaquia em espuma fenólica e o cultivo em cubas plásticas com dimensões de 47,4 x 16,8 x 16,3 cm, com capacidade para 8 litros de solução nutriente. O conteúdo das massas frescas e secas e da composição química foram avaliadas em três colheitas, cada uma em um intervalo de 21 dias. Na avaliação, observou-se que, o cariru responde bem à redução da CE em níveis de 25% e 50%, em função dos cortes sucessivos, sem a necessidade da troca total da solução nutritiva. Por outro lado, a cada colheita realizada houve redução na produção de biomassas frescas e secas na ordem de 23% em média para todos os tratamentos. Entre os macros e micronutrientes presentes na biomassa da parte vegetativa da planta, o potássio e ferro se destacaram com valores de 290,75 g kg-1 e 395 mg kg-1, respectivamente.
65 anos depois: Diversidade e composição florística de uma floresta ribeirinha reflorestada por meio do plantio de espécies exóticas
Authors: Aranha Bruno Almozara , Gorenstein Maurício Romero , Souza Silvana Cristina Pereira Muniz de , Batista João Luis Ferreira
Published: October 2018

Se, por um lado, a utilização de espécies exóticas pode dificultar a recuperação de ecossistemas naturais, por outro, diversos estudos realizados nas últimas décadas demonstram o contrário, sugerindo que tais plantios podem catalisar a regeneração natural em seu subosque e, consequentemente, favorecer o processo de recuperação. Neste estudo, caracterizamos a riqueza, a diversidade e a composição funcional da comunidade arbórea resultante da regeneração natural sob um plantio de exóticas realizado há 65 anos em 0,95 ha de zona ripária (Piracicaba, SP) e comparamos a composição florística da área de estudo com remanescentes naturais na mesma região ecológica. Registramos 602 ind ha-1 (411 ind ha-1 nativos, 148 ind ha-1 exóticos e 43 ind ha-1 mortos), pertencentes a 76 espécies (61 nativas e 15 exóticas). As espécies exóticas corresponderam a 26% dos indivíduos. Predominaram dentre as nativas, espécies zoocóricas (48%), secundárias (60%) e tolerantes à sombra (94%). Dentre o total de espécies, 11,5% apresentaram algum grau de ameaça de extinção. A diversidade para as espécies nativas foi de H’ = 3,3. A área reflorestada esteve dentro dos padrões encontrados para vegetações semelhantes em bom estado de conservação, a similaridade florística variou de 0,31 a 0,18. Alguns elementos florísticos estiveram ausentes e a riqueza de espécies foi menor do que o esperado. As espécies exóticas ainda ocupam um espaço importante na comunidade, entretanto não impediram o estabelecimento de um grande número de espécies nativas provenientes do entorno. As espécies exóticas plantadas atuaram como facilitadoras da regeneração natural, catalizando o processo de recuperação da biodiversidade original do local.
Auto-organização da vegetação de caatinga em áreas salinizadas no município de Petrolina-PE
Authors: Santos Antonio Marcos dos , Souza Robério Ferreira de , Castro Francelita Coelho
Published: October 2018

A salinização dos solos no semiárido brasileiro é um dos principais problemas enfrentados pelos agricultores e, em alguns casos, comprometendo a biodiversidade das caatingas e, contribuindo para o processo de desertificação. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a dinâmica da auto-organização da vegetação de caatinga em áreas salinizadas e não salinizadas do município de Petrolina, estado de Pernambuco e sua possível contribuição para susceptibilidade à desertificação. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em duas etapas. Em campo, primeira etapa, foram selecionadas quatro parcelas, sendo coletadas informações da vegetação, solos e interferência antrópica. A segunda etapa foi desenvolvida em laboratório, onde foram confeccionados mapas de uso da terra, análise dos solos e avaliação final da estrutura e organização sistêmica da vegetação. Os resultados indicam que, nas parcelas onde os solos se encontram salinizados, a elevada entropia provocou perda da vegetação e, no processo de auto-organização espécies adaptadas aos ambientes salinos passaram a predominar. Nas parcelas em que os solos apresentaram reduzidos teores de sais não foram verificadas modificações na estrutura da cobertura vegetal. Para reduzir o impacto da presença de sais nas parcelas degradadas o recomendado seria a destinação dessas áreas para preservação. Outras alternativas seriam a inserção da Atriplex numulária, capaz minimizar os impactos da salinização, e o uso de corretivos químicos. Conclui-se que, nas áreas salinizadas o processo de auto-organização da vegetação vem substituindo espécies glicófitas por espécies halófitas, modificando assim, a diversidade de espécies nesses ambientes e contribuindo para os riscos de desertificação sendo necessárias intervenções urgentes.
Matemática e arquitetura: uso de fractais em mobiliário urbano
Authors: Santos Rosângela Salles dos , Carasek Mirian , Kripka Rosana Maria Luvezute , Lahm Regis Alexandre
Published: October 2018

Com objetivo de potencializar o uso de conhecimentos matemáticos em construções arquitetônicas, essa pesquisa foi desenvolvida por professores e estudantes das áreas de Matemática e Arquitetura, onde se discutiu de que modo diferentes padrões fractais poderiam ser aplicáveis à projetos arquitetônicos para gerar mobiliários urbanos inovadores, bonitos, seguros e práticos. O processo metodológico envolveu pesquisa teórica sobre padrões fractais e de estruturas arquitetônicas e também a exploração analítica e propositiva voltada à realização de projetos arquitetônicos, envolvendo mobiliários urbanos que utilizassem na sua concepção a lógica fractal. Como resultado, se obteve uma proposta de projeto de ponto de ônibus, elaborado a partir de dois padrões fractais específicos, escolhidos dentre diversos pesquisados. Conclui-se que a pesquisa realizada contribuiu significativamente com a construção de conhecimentos interdisciplinares, onde o uso dos padrões fractais possibilitou perceber uma aplicação prática dessa teoria matemática, em projetos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, bem como favoreceu perceber uma proposição visual inovadora para o projeto de mobiliário urbano proposto.
Physical Response to Pad- and Bag-Based Boxing-Specific Training Modalities
Authors: Finlay Mitchell J. , Greig Matt , McCarthy Jake , Page Richard M.
Published: October 2018

Finlay, MJ, Greig, M, McCarthy, J, and Page, RM. Physical response to pad- and bag-based boxing-specific training modalities. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1052–1061, 2020—This study examined the differences in the physical response elicited from a contemporary Boxing-Specific Exercise Protocol (BSEP) performed using a punch bag and a pad routine. Fourteen male elite amateur boxers (age = 22 ± 2 years; height = 176.9 ± 7.3 cm; body mass = 78.8 ± 8.7 kg; and V̇o
2max = 55.94 ± 5.96 ml·kg−1·min−1) were recruited. The BSEP comprised 3 × 3-minute rounds. Average (HRave) and peak (HRpeak) heart rate, average (V̇o
2ave) and peak oxygen consumption (V̇o
2peak), blood lactate (BLa) concentrations, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and both triaxial and uniaxial PlayerLoad metrics were recorded during each trial. The PlayerLoad metrics were recorded at both the cervical and lumbar spine. BLa increased significantly across rounds, with higher values recorded in the pad trial (pad = 2.7 ± 0.8 mmol·L−1; bag = 2.3 ± 0.9 mmol·L−1). A similar response was also identified for the HRave (pad = 160 ± 9 b·min−1; bag = 150 ± 16 b·min−1) and V̇o
2ave data (pad = 38.00 ± 0.31 ml·kg−1·min−1; bag = 34.40 ± 1.06 ml·kg−1·min−1). A significant main effect for time was also recorded for the RPE data; however, there were no significant differences between trials. Conversely, the triaxial (PLTotal) and medial-lateral (PLML) data were higher in the punch bag trial. There was also a main effect for time for all the PlayerLoad metrics. PLTotal, PLML, and vertical PlayerLoad were significantly higher in the lumbar region when compared with the cervical region. With implications for boxing-specific conditioning, the pad routine was more physiologically demanding, but less mechanically demanding than the bag routine.
Standardization and Methodological Considerations for the Isometric Midthigh Pull
Authors: Comfort Paul , Dos'Santos Thomas , Beckham George K. , Stone Michael H. , Guppy Stuart N. , Haff G. Gregory
Published: October 2018

THE ISOMETRIC MIDTHIGH PULL (IMTP) IS COMMONLY USED TO ASSESS AN ATHLETE'S FORCE GENERATION ABILITY. THIS TEST IS HIGHLY RELIABLE AND IS SIMPLE AND RELATIVELY QUICK TO PERFORM. THE DATA THAT CAN BE DETERMINED FROM THE FORCE–TIME CURVES GENERATED BY THE TEST HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO BE CLOSELY RELATED TO PERFORMANCE CAPACITIES IN A VARIETY OF DYNAMIC ATHLETIC TASKS. HOWEVER, WITHIN THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE, THERE ARE INCONSISTENCIES IN THE DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES AND METHODS USED FOR DATA ANALYSIS THAT MAY IMPACT THE RESULTANT OUTPUT AND THE ABILITY TO COMPARE AND GENERALIZE RESULTS. THEREFORE, THE PRIMARY AIM OF THIS REVIEW IS TO IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENCES IN IMTP TESTING PROCEDURES AND DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES, WHEREAS IDENTIFYING THE POTENTIAL IMPACT THIS MAY HAVE ON THE DATA COLLECTED. THE SECONDARY AIM IS TO PROVIDE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE STANDARDIZATION OF TESTING PROCEDURES TO ENSURE THAT FUTURE IMTP DATA ARE OF MAXIMAL BENEFIT TO PRACTITIONERS AND RESEARCHERS. FOR A VIDEO ABSTRACT OF THIS ARTICLE, SEE SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT 1 (SEE VIDEO, HTTP://LINKS.LWW.COM/SCJ/A249).
Alternate Procedures for Swell Index Testing of Granular Bentonite from GCLs
Authors: Scalia J. , Benson C. H. , Finnegan M.
Published: October 2018

Two procedures are proposed for expediting swell index (SI) tests on the bentonite component of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) based on ASTM D5890, Standard Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners. The Fast Alternative Swell Test procedure involves testing 2.0 g of bentonite that passes the No. 40 sieve but is retained on the No. 60 sieve that is added to the graduated cylinder in 0.5-g increments over a period of 10 s with 1 min between each additional increment; for a single test, this procedure is >50 times faster than the standard SI test. The Multiple Alternative Swell Test procedure involves testing 2.0 g of bentonite that passes the No. 40 sieve but is retained on the No. 60 sieve added to the graduated cylinder in 1.0-g increments over a period of 30 s with a 10-min interval between incremental additions; for ten tests conducted concurrently, this procedure is >10 times faster than the standard SI test. Replicate comparative tests were conducted with seven bentonites used in GCLs with the following hydration liquids: deionized (DI) water; 5, 10, 50, 100, and 500 mM potassium chloride (KCl); and 5, 10, 50, 100, and 500 mM calcium chloride. Both expedited methods yield similar SIs with DI water and KCl solutions and slightly underestimate the SI obtained with the standard method.
Study on Blade Curving Caused by Quenching of the Japanese Sword
Authors: Arimoto Kyozo , Iyota Muneyoshi
Published: October 2018

Blade curving caused by quenching of the Japanese sword has been recognized by swordsmiths through the ages. In the late 1920s, Denzaburo Hattori noted that, based on his experimental results using cylindrical specimens, sword curving is induced not only by martensitic transformation expansion in the near-edge region but also nonuniform elastic and plastic strains distributed in this section. The presented research is an updated explanation on the subject of prepared Japanese sword (JS)-type specimens made of the same steel and by the same process as the Japanese sword, and model JS-type specimens with almost the same shape as JS-type specimens, which were machined from commercial carbon steel and austenite stainless steel bars. All specimens quenched by a swordsmith using the traditional way showed a usual curved shape with different curvatures. The curving, temperature, hardness, microstructure, and residual stress of the specimens were examined to prepare future simulation works.
What Drives Environmental Decisions in a Contested, but Loved, Landscape?
Authors: Brower Ann
Published: October 2018

This case reviews the policy settings contributing to the landscape changes in New Zealand’s majestic Mackenzie Basin and examines possible drivers of the environmental decisions creating the changes. This case creates a systematic way to examine decisions affecting environments and natural resources in other countries. It concludes that science, economics, party politics, public pressure, and the law each has a role. But none is as influential as we might expect. One thing seems clear in identifying environmental challenges to the Mackenzie: environmental decisions themselves seem the greatest threat and the strongest driver of landscape change.
Endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cell modulation of T cell proliferation
Authors: Yang Xiaoqing , Devianti Meivita , Yang Yuan H , Ong Yih Rue , Tan Ker Sin , Gurung Shanti , Tan Jean , Zhu Dandan , Lim Rebecca , Gargett Caroline E , Deane James
Published: October 2018

Perivascular mesenchymal stem/stromal cells can be isolated from the human endometrium using the surface marker SUSD2, and are being investigated for use in tissue repair. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from other tissues modulate T cell responses via mechanisms including interleukin-10, prostaglandin E2, TGF-β1 and regulatory T cells. Animal studies demonstrate that endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells can also modify immune responses to implanted mesh, but the mechanism/s they employ have not been explored. We examined the immunomodulatory properties of human endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells on lymphocyte proliferation using mouse splenocyte cultures. Endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells inhibited mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation was not affected by blocking the mouse interleukin-10 receptor or inhibiting prostaglandin production. Endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells continued to restrain lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of an inhibitor of TGF-β receptors, despite a reduction in regulatory T cells. Thus the in vitro inhibition of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation by endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells occurs by a mechanism distinct from the interleukin-10, prostaglandin E2, TGF-β1, and regulatory T cell-mediated mechanisms employed by MSC from other tissues. eMSC were shown to produce interleukin-17A and Dickkopf-1 which may contribute to their immunomodulatory properties. In contrast to MSC from other sources, systemic administration of endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells did not inhibit swelling in a T cell-mediated model of skin inflammation. We conclude that, while endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells can modify immune responses, their immunomodulatory repertoire may not be sufficient to restrain some T cell-mediated inflammatory events.
Comparative Genomics of Aspergillus flavus S and L Morphotypes Yield Insights into Niche Adaptation
Authors: Ohkura Mana , Cotty Peter J , Orbach Marc J
Published: October 2018

Aspergillus flavus, the primary causal agent for aflatoxin contamination on crops, consists of isolates with two distinct morphologies: isolates of the S morphotype produce numerous small sclerotia and lower numbers of conidia while isolates of the L morphotype produce fewer large sclerotia and abundant conidia. The morphotypes also differ in aflatoxin production with S isolates consistently producing high concentrations of aflatoxin, whereas L isolates range from atoxigenic to highly toxigenic. The production of abundant sclerotia by the S morphotype suggests adaptation for long-term survival in the soil, whereas the production of abundant conidia by the L morphotype suggests adaptation for aerial dispersal to the phyllosphere. To identify genomic changes that support differential niche adaption, the sequences of three S and three L morphotype isolates were compared. Differences in genome structure and gene content were identified between the morphotypes. A >530 kb inversion between the morphotypes affect a secondary metabolite gene cluster and a cutinase gene. The morphotypes also differed in proteins predicted to be involved in carbon/nitrogen metabolism, iron acquisition, antimicrobial defense, and evasion of host immunity. The S morphotype genomes contained more intact secondary metabolite clusters indicating there is higher selection pressure to maintain secondary metabolism in the soil and that it is not limited to aflatoxin production. The L morphotype genomes were enriched in amino acid transporters, suggesting efficient nitrogen transport may be critical in the nutrient limited phyllosphere. These findings indicate the genomes of the two morphotypes differ beyond developmental genes and have diverged as they adapted to their respective niches.
Probing Cadherin Interactions in Zebrafish with E- and N-Cadherin Missense Mutants
Authors: Warga Rachel M , Kane Donald A
Published: October 2018

Cadherins are cell adhesion molecules that regulate numerous adhesive interactions during embryonic development and adult life. Consistent with these functions, when their expression goes astray cells lose their normal adhesive properties resulting in defective morphogenesis, disease, and even metastatic cancer. In general, classical cadherins exert their effect by homophilic interactions via their five characteristic extracellular (EC) repeats. The EC1 repeat provides the mechanism for cadherins to dimerize with each other whereas the EC2 repeat may facilitate dimerization. Less is known about the other EC repeats. Here, we show that a zebrafish missense mutation in the EC5 repeat of N-cadherin is a dominant gain-of-function mutation and demonstrate that this mutation alters cell adhesion almost to the same degree as a zebrafish missense mutation in the EC1 repeat of N-cadherin. We also show that zebrafish E- and N-cadherin dominant gain-of-function missense mutations genetically interact. Perturbation of cell adhesion in embryos that are heterozygous mutant at both loci is similar to that observed in single homozygous mutants. Introducing an E-cadherin EC5 missense allele into the homozygous N-cadherin EC1 missense mutant more radically affects morphogenesis, causing synergistic phenotypes consistent with interdependent functions being disrupted. Our studies indicate that a functional EC5 repeat is critical for cadherin-mediated cell affinity, suggesting that its role may be more important than previously thought. These results also suggest the possibility that E- and N-cadherin have heterophilic interactions during early morphogenesis of the embryo; interactions that might help balance the variety of cell affinities needed during embryonic development.
OPTIMALISASI BAHASA: PENGGUNAAN BAHASA YANG BAIK, LOGIS, DAN SANTUN DI MEDIA MASSA
Authors: Hudaa Syihaabul
Published: October 2018

Abstract: This study aims to study the language in mass media. The focus of this research is the usagee of language; unwell, illogical, and ignore the politeness in the language. The mass media offered a language that was inconsistent with the reader's expectations, so the text caused dissatisfaction of the reader. Nowadays, democracy grows in Indonesia. Language in mass media also was involved in freedom when it was delivered. So that, it caused of the neglect of the language aspect that should be the main point by the author. This study tells how the conventional media and be popular in public, by separated the use of good and correct Indonesian. Kind of this research is qualitative research, by making Kompas newspaper as research object.Researchers found some disregarding aspects of politeness in language such as: ignoring the facts, the title is not appropriate, the term is not appropriate and so forth. The optimization of language is expected to make everyone pay attention to write well and use the correct language. In addition, language rules and courtesy in language should be applied in writing the mass media.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji bahasa yang terdapat di dalam media massa. Fokus penelitian ini adalah penggunaan bahasa yang tidak baik, tidak logis, dan mengabaikan kesantunan dalam berbahasa. Media massa menyajikan informasi menggunakan bahasa yang disukai oleh penulisnya, sehingga berita di media massa seperti koran terkadang bersifat subjektif. Seiring demokrasi yang semakin berkembang di Indonesia, bahasa di media massa juga mengalami kebebasan dalam penyampaiannya. Akibatnya adalah pengabaian aspek kebahasaan yang seharusnya menjadi perhatian utama oleh penulisnya. Penelitian ini menyajikan bagaimana media massa konvensional dan dikenal publik, masih mengesampingkan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar. Penelitian ini tergolong ke dalam penelitian kualitatif, dengan menjadikan koran Kompas sebagai objek penelitian. Peneliti menemukan beberapa pengabaian aspek kesantunan dalam berbahasa seperti: mengabaikan fakta, judul tidak sesuai, istilah yang tidak tepat dan lain sebagainya. Pengoptimalisasian bahasa diharapkan mampu membuat semua pihak memerhatikan penulisan bahasa yang baik dan benar. Selain itu, kaidah kebahasaan dan kesantuanan dalam berbahasa perlu diaplikasikan dalam penulisan di media massa.
TENDENSI KESALAHAN SINTAKSIS BAHASA TULIS PEMBELAJAR BIPA (SEBUAH KAJIAN KESALAHAN BERBAHASA)
Authors: Yahya Mokh. , - Andayani , Saddhono Kundharu
Published: October 2018

Abstract: This study aims to describe the tendency of sentence error and it’s contributing factors in sentence errors of BIPA students' writings on academic level at UPT Bahasa of Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta. This research uses qualitative research type in the form of case study. This study shows that the sentence errors of BIPA students' writings in UPT Bahasa UNS Surakarta are diction errors, spelling errors, and conjunction errors. The errors are caused by several obstacles, namely the more-likely hard and difficult Indonesian syntax material, the lack of vocabulary mastery, the less maximum out-of-class lesson time, the low learning motivation and attitude, and the less rigorous selection of BIPA students.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kecenderungan kesalahan kalimat dalam karangan pelajar BIPA tingkat akademik di UPT Bahasa Universitas Sebelas Maret dan faktor penyebabnya. Subjek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah 11 pelajar BIPA Level Akademik yang mengikuti Program Darmasiswa di UPT Bahasa Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif yang berupa studi kasus. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tendensi kesalahan kalimat dalam karangan pelajar BIPA di UPT Bahasa UNS Surakarta berupa penggunaan diksi yang tidak tepat, ejaan yang salah, dan konjungsi yang tidak tepat. Kesalahan tersebut terjadi karena beberapa kendala, yakni materi kalimat bahasa Indonesia yang cukup sulit dan banyak, penguasaan kosakata yang kurang, pemanfaatan waktu pembelajaran di luar kelas yang kurang maksimal, sikap dan motivasi belajar yang rendah, dan penyeleksian pelajar BIPA yang kurang ketat.