bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Sensor Placement and Number on Physical Activity Recognition and Energy Expenditure Estimation in Older Adults: Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Davoudi Anis , Mardini Mamoun T , Nelson David , Albinali Fahd , Ranka Sanjay , Rashidi Parisa , Manini Todd M
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Research has shown the feasibility of human activity recognition using wearable accelerometer devices. Different studies have used varying numbers and placements for data collection using sensors.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to compare accuracy performance between multiple and variable placements of accelerometer devices in categorizing the type of physical activity and corresponding energy expenditure in older adults.

METHODS

In total, 93 participants (mean age 72.2 years, SD 7.1) completed a total of 32 activities of daily life in a laboratory setting. Activities were classified as sedentary versus nonsedentary, locomotion versus nonlocomotion, and lifestyle versus nonlifestyle activities (eg, leisure walk vs computer work). A portable metabolic unit was worn during each activity to measure metabolic equivalents (METs). Accelerometers were placed on 5 different body positions: wrist, hip, ankle, upper arm, and thigh. Accelerometer data from each body position and combinations of positions were used to develop random forest models to assess activity category recognition accuracy and MET estimation.

RESULTS

Model performance for both MET estimation and activity category recognition were strengthened with the use of additional accelerometer devices. However, a single accelerometer on the ankle, upper arm, hip, thigh, or wrist had only a 0.03-0.09 MET increase in prediction error compared with wearing all 5 devices. Balanced accuracy showed similar trends with slight decreases in balanced accuracy for the detection of locomotion (balanced accuracy decrease range 0-0.01), sedentary (balanced accuracy decrease range 0.05-0.13), and lifestyle activities (balanced accuracy decrease range 0.04-0.08) compared with all 5 placements. The accuracy of recognizing activity categories increased with additional placements (accuracy decrease range 0.15-0.29). Notably, the hip was the best single body position for MET estimation and activity category recognition.

CONCLUSIONS

Additional accelerometer devices slightly enhance activity recognition accuracy and MET estimation in older adults. However, given the extra burden of wearing additional devices, single accelerometers with appropriate placement appear to be sufficient for estimating energy expenditure and activity category recognition in older adults.
Time Variability of Pain Medication Adherence: An Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Shade Marcia , Rector Kyle , Kupzyk Kevin
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Pain is difficult to manage in older adults. Pain management in older adults has been recommended to include both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic strategies. Unfortunately, nonadherence to pain medication is more prevalent than any other chronic disease treatment. Technology-based reminders have some benefit for medication adherence but is biased because behavior has been verified by self-report.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to describe objective medication adherence and latency of medication use in a subsample of older adults that used a voice assistant reminder to take scheduled pain medications.

METHODS

This observational feasibility study was conducted in the homes of community-dwelling older adults. Of the 15 older adults using voice assistant reminders for pain medications, we randomly selected a subsample of participants to use a medication event monitoring system to observe medication adherence. We collected demographics, self-reported health history, and pain medication name, dose, and dose frequency. Baseline data were collected on pain severity and interference using the Brief Pain Inventory-SF; concern and necessity beliefs about pain medications using the Beliefs About Medicines Questionnaire; self-confidence in managing pain with the PROMIS Self-Efficacy for Managing Symptoms and medication adherence with a Medication Event Monitoring System.

RESULTS

Participants used pain medications to alleviate pain severity ranging from moderate to severe. Each participant had varying beliefs about pain medicines and self-efficacy in managing pain symptoms. Overall latency was 55 minutes. The absolute latency (before or after reminder) varied among the participants; the shortest average time was 17 minutes and the longest was 4.5 hours. Our results found that 15% of the pain medications were taken within 5 minutes over 60% were taken within 30 minutes.

CONCLUSIONS

Voice assistant reminders may help cue patients to take medications, but the timing of use may vary. It may be helpful to monitor the absolute timing of scheduled medication use as a part of medication adherence behaviors in older adults especially when frequent dosing is prescribed.

CLINICALTRIAL

Adherence, Pain Medications, Older Adults, Reminders, mHealth, Voice Assistants
eHealth Implementation Issues in Low-Resource Countries: Model, Survey, and Analysis of User Experience (Preprint)
Authors: Archer Norman , Lokker Cynthia , Ghasemaghaei Maryam , DiLiberto Deborah
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

The implementation of eHealth in low-resource countries (LRCs) is challenged by limited resources and infrastructure, lack of focus on eHealth agendas, ethical and legal considerations, lack of common system interoperability standards, unreliable power, and shortage of trained workers.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to describe and study the current situation of eHealth implementation in a small number of LRCs from the perspectives of their professional eHealth users.

METHODS

We developed a structural equation model that reflects the opinions of professional eHealth users who work on LRC health care front lines. We recruited country coordinators from 4 LRCs to help recruit survey participants: India, Egypt, Nigeria, and Kenya. Through a web-based survey that focused on barriers to eHealth implementation, we surveyed 114 participants. We analyzed the information using a structural equation model to determine the relationships among the constructs in the model, including the dependent variable, eHealth utilization.

RESULTS

Although all the model constructs were important to participants, some constructs, such as user characteristics, perceived privacy, and perceived security, did not play a significant role in eHealth utilization. However, the constructs related to technology infrastructure tended to reduce the impact of concerns and uncertainties (path coefficient=−0.32; P=.001), which had a negative impact on eHealth utilization (path coefficient=−0.24; P=.01). Constructs that were positively related to eHealth utilization were implementation effectiveness (path coefficient=0.45; P<.001), the countries where participants worked (path coefficient=0.29; P=.004), and whether they worked for privately or publicly funded institutions (path coefficient=0.18; P<.001). As exploratory research, the model had a moderately good fit for eHealth utilization (adjusted R2=0.42).

CONCLUSIONS

eHealth success factors can be categorized into 5 groups; our study focused on frontline eHealth workers’ opinions concerning 2 of these groups: technology and its support infrastructure and user acceptance. We found significant disparities among the responses from different participant groups. Privately funded organizations tended to be further ahead with eHealth utilization than those that were publicly funded. Moreover, participant comments identified the need for more use of telemedicine in remote and rural regions in these countries. An understanding of these differences can help regions or countries that are lagging in the implementation and use of eHealth technologies. Our approach could also be applied to detailed studies of the other 3 categories of success factors: short- and long-term funding, organizational factors, and political or legislative aspects.
Assessment of Altmetrics and PlumX Metrics Scoring as Mechanisms to Evaluate the Top 100 Trending Hidradenitis Suppurativa Articles on Social Media: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wei Chapman , Fong Aaron , Quan Theodore , Gupta Puneet , Friedman Adam
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Dermatologists are increasingly utilizing social media platforms to disseminate scientific information. New tools, such as altmetrics and PlumX metrics, have been made available to rapidly capture the level of scientific article dissemination across social media platforms. However, no studies have been performed to assess the level of scientific article dissemination across social media regarding hidradenitis suppurativa, a disease that is still currently not well understood.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of our study was to evaluate the utility of altmetrics and PlumX metrics by characterizing the top 100 “trending” hidradenitis suppurativa articles in the altmetric database by the altmetric attention score and PlumX score.

METHODS

Altmetric data components of the top 100 hidradenitis suppurativa articles were extracted from the altmetric database. Article citation count was found using Web of Science. PlumX field-weighted impact scores for each article were collected from the Scopus database. Journal title, open-access status, article type, and study design of original articles were assessed. Additionally, the altmetric attention score, PlumX score, and citation count were log transformed and adjusted by +1 for linear regression, and Spearman correlation coefficients were utilized to determine correlations.

RESULTS

Most of the top 100 “trending” hidradenitis suppurativa articles were published in JAMA Dermatology (n=27, 27%). The median altmetric attention score, PlumX score, and citation count were 25.5, 3.7, and 10.5, respectively. The most mentions regarding social media platforms came from Twitter. Although no correlation was observed between the citation count and altmetric attention score (r2=0.019, P=.17), positive correlation was observed between the citation count and PlumX score (r2=0.469, P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Our research demonstrated that citation count is not correlated with the altmetric attention score, but is strongly correlated with the PlumX score regarding hidradenitis suppurativa articles at this point in time. With the continual increase of social media usage by medical professionals and researchers, this study can help investigators understand the best way to captivate their audience.
Paradigm Shift Toward Digital Neuropsychology and High-Dimensional Neuropsychological Assessments: Review (Preprint)
Authors: Parsons Thomas , Duffield Tyler
Published: August 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Neuropsychologists in the digital age have increasing access to emerging technologies. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiatives for behavioral and social sciences have emphasized these developing scientific and technological potentials (eg, novel sensors) for augmented characterization of neurocognitive, behavioral, affective, and social processes. Perhaps these innovative technologies will lead to a paradigm shift from disintegrated and data-poor behavioral science to cohesive and data-rich science that permits improved translation from bench to bedside. The 4 main advances influencing the scientific priorities of a recent NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research strategic plan include the following: integration of neuroscience into behavioral and social sciences, transformational advances in measurement science, digital intervention platforms, and large-scale population cohorts and data integration. This paper reviews these opportunities for novel brain-behavior characterizations. Emphasis is placed on the increasing concern of neuropsychology with these topics and the need for development in these areas to maintain relevance as a scientific discipline and advance scientific developments. Furthermore, the effects of such advancements necessitate discussion and modification of training as well as ethical and legal mandates for neuropsychological research and praxes.
Application of a Continuous Temperature Monitoring System among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Yeh Chun-Yin , Chen Yen-Chin , Chung Yi-Ting , Chen Chang-Chun , Chen Bo-Heng , Leung Lok-Him , Shu Yu-Chen , Wang Jiun-Ling , Kao Hung-Yu , Chen Po-Lin , Ko Wen-Chien , Chuang Kun-Ta , Ko Nai-Ying
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are recommended to measure their body temperature every 8 hours to reduce the risk of cross infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. However, temperature reporting accuracy among HCWs is difficult to attain due to busy working schedules and high chances of human errors.

OBJECTIVE

This study describes the application of a continuous temperature monitoring system (HEARThermo Care AI.) based on the Internet of Things (IoT) among HCWs in hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak.

METHODS

A prospective cohort study was conducted among HCWs in a major tertiary hospital in southern Taiwan. HCWs participated in this study wore HEARThermo, an innovative wearable device used to measure body surface temperature and heart rate every 10s, to continue monitoring their body surface temperature and heart rate during working hours. The HEARThermo Care AI. system combined with the routine body temperature measurement flow were used to automatedly notify the manager about the HCWs with fever risks. The completion rate of body temperature measurements was calculated as the number of HCWs using the continuous temperature monitoring system divided by the number of HCWs on duty.

RESULTS

A total of 52 HCWs (medical doctors, nurses, and interns) working in the medical ward between April 22 and June 30, 2020, voluntarily participated. The completion rate of body temperature measurements increased from 77.7% to 85% among HCWs in hospitals using HEARThermo Care AI. system. All the HCWs who received warning messages were reconfirmed by their managers and found they had discomforts at that time.

CONCLUSIONS

The application of the continuous temperature monitoring system serves as a solution to early identify HCWs suspected of having discomforts during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Application of Factorial Design for Optimization of PVC-HPMC Polymers in Matrix Film Ibuprofen Patch-Transdermal Drug Delivery System
Authors: Pratiwi Galih , Susanti Susi , Shiyan Shaum
Published: August 2020

Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) class of drugs, and oral use can cause side effects. Transdermal patch dosage forms are useful for minimizing side effects on oral administration. Transdermal patches are formulated using a special membrane that can control drug release in the matrix system. This study was intended to determine the characteristics of the resulting patch, the optimum composition of the formula, and the profile of the release of transdermal ibuprofen release. The film matrix optimization on the ibuprofen patch formulation uses design of experiment (DoE) approach using factorial design 22. The mixture of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) components gives a pleasant texture, and the release results in vitro show a proper and controlled release of the ibuprofen patch. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the patch has excellent characteristics with a good texture so that the development time is long with the optimum formula of chitosan and HPMC, as well as having a proper and controlled release profile.
Authentication of Patin Fish Oil (Pangasius micronemus) using FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics
Authors: Putri Anggita Rosiana , Rohman Abdul , Riyanto Sugeng , Setyaningsih Widiastuti
Published: August 2020

Authentication of Patin fish oil (MIP) is essential to prevent adulteration practice, to ensure quality, nutritional value, and product safety. The purpose of this study is to apply the FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for MIP authentication. The chemometrics method consists of principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square regression (PLSR). PCR and PLSR were used for multivariate calibration, while for grouping the samples using discriminant analysis (DA) method. In this study, corn oil (MJ) was used as an adulterate. Twenty-one mixed samples of MIP and MJ were prepared with the adulterate concentration range of 0-50%. The best authentication model was obtained using the PLSR technique using the first derivative of FTIR spectra at a wavelength of 650-3432 cm-1. The coefficient of determination (R2) for calibration and validation was obtained 0.9995 and 1.0000, respectively. The value of root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.397 and 0.189. This study found that the DA method can group the samples with an accuracy of 99.92%.
Antioxidant Activity of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) and its Classification with Chemometrics
Authors: Widyastuti Indah , Luthfah Hanna Zaidah , Hartono Yuniar Intan , Islamadina Rosy , Can Adelin Theresia , Rohman Abdul
Published: August 2020

Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) or Javanese turmeric is one of the medicine plants from Indonesia, which contains curcuminoid and xanthorrhizol. These compounds have large biological activity, such as antioxidant capacity. The location of this plant grows, affects the variance of the active compound which causes the changes in its activity. This study aims to evaluate antioxidant capacity, total phenolic, and total flavonoid content (TPC and TFC) of the sample collected from different markets, and to classify the samples into different culsters with chemometric techniques. The antioxidant capacity is determined by using DPPH radical scavenging assay, meanwhile, TPC and TFC are determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 method using Spectrophotometry UV/Vis. These data were used to analyze the samples with chemometric principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) to classify the samples into different clusters. Sample TL02 (Sambi Market, Kediri, East Java) has the highest phenolic-flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity. Clustering samples based on PCA and CA resulting in 3 clusters.
Editorial
Authors: Jaya Akmal
Published: August 2020

Pada edisi kali ini, Vol. IV No.1, Juli 2016, Jurnal Poetika secara spesifik mengangkat tema Gender sebagai bahan pembahasannya. Aspek penting dalam studi Gender tidak lepas sejarah pemikiran feminis abad ke-19 senantiasa berkutat pada relasi oposisi, yakni siapa yang berkuasa dan siapa yang mengalami opresi kekuasaan, juga pada relasi posisi—siapa subjek dan siapa objek. Perkembangan kehidupan sosial manusia memberikan pengaruh tersendiri pada perkembangan ideologi terkait gerakan feminisme itu sendiri. Feminisme radikal, liberal, sosial, agama, dll, menggambarkan adanya perbedaan dalam menanggapi kompleksitas perkembangan kehidupan. Perbedaan tersebut seakan mengembalikan satu keadaan dimana gerakan perempuan dipertanyakan ulang atas suara- suara perempuan yang diperjuangkan. Namun di sisi lain, hal tersebut juga menambah khazanah pengetahuan yang memunculkan gambaran-gambaran ketimpangan yang dialami oleh perempuan di berbagai aspek kehidupan. Melalui berbagai perspektif, enam tulisan dalam jurnal ini mencoba melihat secara mendalam wacana Gender dari banyak karya sastra.
Tubuh dan Relasi Gender: Wacana Pascakolonial Dalam Novel “The Scarlet Letter” Karya Nathaniel Hawthorne
Authors: Kardiansyah M. Yuseano
Published: August 2020

This research analyzes postcolonial discourse about body and gender relation in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter that tells about obsession toward morality, gender oppression, punishment for sinner, guilty feeling dan individual sin confession. The objective of this research is to reveal the resistance sides toward colonial construction that still exist in society’s social order and norm reflected in that novel. By applying postcolonialism approach and deconstruction method, it is proven that The Scarlet Letter depicts colonized (women) resistance behind its attitude and practice that seems submissive to the power of colonizer (society dan men’s domination).Key Words: Postcolonial Discourse, Body, Gender Relation, Deconstruction, Colonial Construction
REPRESENTASI FEMME FATALE DALAM NOVEL CANTIK ITU LUKA KARYA EKA KURNIAWAN
Authors: Hasanah Ferli -
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan karakteristik-karakteristik femme Fatale yang terdapat dalam novel Cantik Itu Luka. Melalui tokoh-tokoh perempuan yang berbeda, ciri-ciri tersebut dapat ditemukan. Dengan menggunakan konsep femme fatale dari Yvonne Tasker dan Edwards, lima tokoh perempuan, yaitu Dewi Ayu, Alamanda, Adinda, Maya Dewi, dan Si Cantik dapat dikategorikan sebagai femme fatale. Citra ini diperkuat juga dengan membandingkan ciri-ciri tersebut pada citra tokoh perempuan yang berbudi luhur. Simpulan akhir mengungkapkan bahwa pada diri tokoh-tokoh perempuan tersebut terdapat ambiguitas antara protagonis dan antagonis,  femme fatale dan perempuan berbudi luhur. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa ada citra baru perempuan yang dibangun oleh dekonstruksi seksualitas pada novel ini.Kata kunci : femme fatale, perempuan, seksualitasABSTRACTThis study aims to describe the characteristics of femme Fatale contained in the novel Cantik Itu Luka. Through different female characters, these characteristics can be found. Using the femme fatale concept of Yvonne Tasker and Edwards, five female characters, Dewi Ayu, Alamanda, Adinda, Maya Dewi, and Si Cantik, can be categorized as femme fatale. This image is also strengthened by comparing such characteristics in the image of a virtuous woman. The final conclusion reveals that in the female characters there is and ambiguity between the protagonist and the antagonist, the femme fatale and the virtuous woman. Thus it can be said that there is a new image of women built by the deconstruction of sexuality in this novelKeywods: femme fatale, woman, seksuality
Transformasi Perempuan dari “Liyan” ke “Diri” dalam Tiga Cerita Rakyat Kulisusu: Analisis Wacana Feminisme
Authors: Nasiru La Ode Gusman
Published: August 2020

The study examined three female characters in Kulisusu folklore, each titled: Perselingkuhan Istri Lakino Lipu; Putri yang Hilang; Lagumba dan Wa Ure-Ure Ngkamagi. Three of them narrated women in prototype uniformity, in a concept that is more fluid than some kindergarten like Bawang Putih Bawang Merah or Cinderella. Fluidity mean that the liberation of women from all forms of subordination: a class polarization that took shape into archetypes dichotomous construction. The characters are identified as women who are not only clever, but also able to make decisions in determining their fate. This study will address two issues: 1) how women were originally seated as "liyan"; 2) how the plot revolves and places women as "self". Both are implicated by using the feminism discourse perspective. The review will help parents sort out stories that address the values of plurality and gender equality principles, and stories that must be abandoned for internalizing the bias in the eyes of the quality.
Mortality Anxiety Management of Chinese Undergraduates in the Horizon of Cultural Psychology
Authors: Bing-quan Li , Chun-xi Liang
Published: August 2020

The death attitude and personality questionnaire was used to investigate and analyze Chinese undergraduates’ views on death. The results showed that: (1) The mortality concept of Chinese undergraduates is divided into nine dimensions, which sequence ranked from high to low according to their scores is unfinished feeling, interpersonal relationship, life review, calmness, life attachment, liberation, spiritual concept, terror and pain. This result is obviously inconsistent with Terror Management Theory (TMT), reflecting the characteristics of Chinese culture. (2) The mortality cognition of Chinese undergraduates is divided into seven dimensions, which sequence ranked from high to low according to their scores is body’s becoming cold, body’s decay, sensory loss, consciousness loss, loss of control, soul drift away, and body’s becoming stiffness. This result is consistent with TMT. However, the subjects’ statements about the cognition of the process of spiritual change at death salience reflected the color of Chinese culture, consistent with Taoist and Buddhist thoughts in Chinese traditional culture. This shows that there are the thoughts of death anxiety management in Chinese culture, which are of great value and Enlightenment to the effective development of life education.
Evolution of Transparency Reporting towards Effective Transition to Low Carbon Economy in Vietnam
Authors: Van Thang Nguyen , Huy Luong Quang , Lien Mai Kim , Trung Tran Do Bao , Hanh Do Hong , Long Pham Thanh , Thang Nguyen Van , Kato Makoto
Published: August 2020

The paper analyzed the evolution of policies to reduce GHG emissions reduction in Vietnam, primarily to fulfill its transparency commitment under the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement. The uncertainty in the transparency rules of the Paris Agreement will be considered to sketch-out the most likely options for developing national policies to meet the future transparency requirements. The key actors and factors in Vietnam impacted by the policies are illustrated. To analyze the extent of penetration of transparency actions and future potentials provided these options, the progress of building congruence toward domesticating international norms of climate change in Vietnam by empirical assessment of the readiness to implement the ETF is conducted. In their turns, the way each relevant stakeholder responded to newly introduced requirements has a profound impact on policy making and enforcement in Vietnam and can represent a typical example of how the community react to a shift in transparency frameworks. Besides, the paper explores how the transparency policies will imply on the monitoring the transition to a low carbon economy in Vietnam under those reactions and the recommend the way forwards that the country may adopt to make its climate change commitment achieved and benefit significantly from the process.
IDENTIFIKASI KEJADIAN KEKERASAN PADA ANAK DI KOTA MALANG
Authors: Andini Thathit Manon
Published: August 2020

The aims of this research is to identify the Children abuse faced by the elementary students in Malang City. The research design used in this research is descriptive research. The  pupolation of this research were the students of elementary school in 3,4,5 and 6 grade, specifically in Muhammadiyah Elementary School in Malang City.By using random sampling with 347 students as sample, it was identified that there the students’ abuse covers physical abuse, verbal abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. Based on the  age, the students who received the abuse are around 8 years old (14%),  9 years old (23%), 10 years old(31%), 11 years old (21%), 12 years old (8%), and 13 (3%). The research was conducted on August 2017. The instruments used are the guided questionaire. It means thet the researchers still give the guidance to the children how to answer the question with the cosidering that they still lack of knowledge filling the questionaire.The result of the researh show that the form of abuse the respondents received are physical abuse, verbal abuse, emotional abuse and sexual abuse. It was found that the children who experienced the abuse in the range of 9 years olad (23%), 10 years old (31%), and 11 years old (21%). Based on the family conditioan, the children who often face the abuse is mostly the only children in the falily up to three brothers  and sisters (23-30%). The mother of the children who often receive the abuse is home wife without income, the compony workers or staf. Stressful condition force the mother do the abuse to their children. In the side of father profession,  the children who received the abuse, they belong to the father who works as a staf in a company, unemployment, illness, poorhouse condition, a large than average family size, the presence of a new baby, and disable.
THE STUDY OF GENDER INEQUALITY FOUND IN DEBORAH ELLIS’S NOVEL “THE BREADWINNER”
Authors: Prastyowati Santi
Published: August 2020

Inequality is clearly an important issue that requires much more attention in the world. Inequality practices in the community still trapped in the old paradigm such as treat someone by their race, culture, religion, and gender. However, is not easy to eliminate an inequality in the soceity. The current study analyze the topic namely gender inequality that happened to the main character’s life in “The Breadwinner” novel by Deborah Ellis. This study aimed to analyse the kind of inequality and the effect of it on main character’s life, the writer used qualitative descriptive method. Moreover, Parvana as a main character was selected based on her experience in gender inequality. In addition, Longwe’s women empowerment framework was used to prove that there are gender inequality happen in the story of the novel. The result showed that gender inequality positively occurs in the life of the main character because the story of the novel does not fullfil the five levels of equality (welfare, access, conscientisation, participation, and control) that Longwe describes in her women empowerment framework. Moreover, the lack of equality that happend in the story has resulted in several negative effects such as poverty, lack of choice, absence of security, discrimination, and power abuse.
The Analyses of Women Role On Part-Time Workers In Junrejo Batu City
Authors: Yuliati, MM Uci
Published: August 2020

This reseach is carried out in Junrejo Sub-distric. Part-time women workers are the  respondents of this research. This reseach is very important to be done because the women workers dominate informal working sectors. Therefore, it is interesting to learn deeply about their activities profile, access and control profile, beneficial and impact profile  while doing their job. It is also looks at pushing factors which motivate women worker in doing their job, job pattern, interesting job, and how they arrange their time in and out of their home.The number of respondents are 153 part-time women workers. Questionairres are used as an instrument for data collecting. SPSS program is used to analyse cross-tabulation various profiles above. The result of analysis shows that part-time women workers’ activities profile can be classified into some jobs such as farmer helpers, waitres at home, (vendors) sellers of vegetables and cake, Javanesse salad (rujak), and workers in home industries.
Gender Representation in the English Textbook “When English Rings A Bell”
Authors: Miranda Hesti
Published: August 2020

Therevisedbook“WhenEnglishRingsABell” (2014)isastandardized textbookof2013CurriculumfromtheMinistryofEducationandCulture which isrecommendedforteacherstouseinmostofjuniorhighschools inIndonesia. Given thatEnglishiscompulsory subjectin theschoolbegininjuniorhighschoolgrade seven,teachersshouldbeawareof thecontentof theEnglishtextbook.This studyfocusedonthegenderrepresentationintheEnglishtextbook:“When EnglishRingsA Bell”written by Siti Wachidahusedinjuniorhigh school.The purposeofthisstudyisto analyzegenderrepresentationintheEnglishTextbook.Following Stockdale’ssuggestion,therewere threeaspectsthattheresearcheranalyzed, namely thenumbersoffemaleandmale,illustration,andnounandpronoun. In accordance to that, this research wasmixmethod; quantitative andqualitative. The aspects beingresearchedwereanalysedquantitatively,whilethematerial interpretationwasanalyzedqualitatively.Theaspectswillbepresentedinnumber.The resultshowedthatfemalerepresentationdominatedintwo aspectsincludingthe numbersoffemale/male,andnounandpronoun.While,malewereonlyrepresented inillustration. Therefore,theresearcher concludedthatthereisunequal gender representation inthe“When English Rings A Bell”.
Empowerment of Village Women Based on Local Wisdom in Efforts to Achieve Family Food Security (A Study on Women's Ex-Migrant Workers in Indonesia - Druju Village - Malang Regency)
Authors: Yuniriyanti Eny , Sudarwati Ririn , Nurdewanto Bambang
Published: August 2020

Rural women are very dependent on the natural environment. However, in the majority of village resources that do not care about the role of women, increasingly increasing women's access and control of resources in the village and marginalized from the development process. Analysis of post-Indonesian Migrant Workers-Women (PMI-P) using the GIS (Geographic Information System) method and factor analysis in an effort to determine the empowerment program of Indonesian Migrant-Women Workers (PMI-P) in accordance with local wisdom. Women as housewives in addition to their role in helping husbands to find additional income for assistance are also responsible for managing the family economy. Those who survive with very affordable money can still eat well and survive. Acceptable women have an important role in efforts to increase family resilience. Based on the local wisdom of Druju Village, the researcher offers two business choices that make processed products made from batik and processed products made from corn. With the analysis of factors obtained by the results of the female respondents Druju Village prefers processing business products made from batik. Based on the empowerment capital determined by Druju Village, the strategy of empowering women workers is in accordance with the Aras Mezzo strategy, with the aim of empowering the establishment of a Joint Business Group (KUB) of processed products made from batik
Implementation of Continuous Audit on the Brazilian Navy Payroll
Authors: de Freitas Marcelo Machado , Codesso Mauricio , Augusto André Luiz Rodrigues
Published: August 2020

The present research describes the continuous audit implementation process in the Brazilian Navy (BN) payroll system, which encompasses approximately 220,000 individuals. Continuous audit proved to be an excellent methodology for internal audit, improving audit quality and timeliness. Third-party databases from other governmental organizations were used to improve the audit work. Internal auditors were able to make agreements to access other government organization databases to verify Brazilian Navy payroll information. The case provides real situations, challenges, and forward-looking perspectives on the use of continuous audit tools and methods in governmental organizations. In recent years, continuous audit enabled internal auditors to increase the scope of the audit, bringing to light multiple events that had not been revealed by traditional audit techniques.
Two Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Presenting with Isolated Thrombocytosis
Authors: DOGU Mehmet Hilmi , SERIN Istemi , SUYANI Elif
Published: August 2020

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) usually present with high leukocyte counts and splenomegaly and isolated thrombocytosis is not a common condition in CML. We present two CML patients presenting with isolated thrombocytosis. Case 1: A 44-year-old male patient having isolated thrombocytosis with no additional features, was investigated with the suspicion of essential thrombocythemia (ET). However, he was found to be positive for BCR/ABL. Afterwords, imatinib with the dosage of 400 mg/day was started and a major molecular response was obtained. Case 2: A 74-year-old woman was referred to our outpatient clinic because of thrombocytosis. Her physical examination was normal without splenomegaly. Further investigations were planned with the doubt of ET, but the patient’s BCR/ABL was positive. She was started imatinib and a major molecular response was obtained. In these cases, we explored the presence of BCR/ABL and found that they were positive. In conclusion, screening for BCR/ABL has a substantial significance in patients with isolated thrombocytosis and not exhibiting CML findings, to provide an effective therapeutic approach for these patients.
Основные положения, современное состояние, особенности практической реализации проектов модульных АЭС на базе реакторов малой мощности с акцентами на вопросы экономики
Authors: Демин Владимир , Смирнова Лидия , Голосная Анна
Published: August 2020

В исследовании представлен систематизированный обзор области знаний, относящейся к анализу факторов, важных с точки зрения комплексного подхода к экономике проектов АЭС на базе малых модульных реакторов (ММР). Обзор выполнен на основе анализа международных и российских публикаций. Экономические исследования, относящиеся к инновационным энергетическим проектам на базе ММР, охватывают большой спектр вопросов и уровней анализа, включающих готовность технологических, проектных и промышленных решений для реализации проектов, готовность регулирующих механизмов для проектов АЭС на базе ММР, учитывающих многие дополнительные аспекты общесистемной, энергосистемной и рыночной среды реализации энергетических проектов.

Международные и российские эксперты отмечают, что развитие концепции модульных АЭС позволит улучшить ситуацию в основных проблемных зонах, относящихся к сооружению АЭС, снизить затраты в проекты АЭС за счет ряда нефинансовых и финансовых факторов при определенном масштабе промышленного производства модулей, при формировании новых технологий проектирования и сооружения АЭС, сократить сроки на предпроектных и проектных этапах жизненного цикла АЭС при серийном сооружении АЭС на базе ММР. Инновационные энергетические проекты требуют также развития методов экономического анализа, учитывающих множество факторов, сопутствующих этим проектам и отражающих их специфику.
Patriarchal Myths in the Novels of Margaret Atwood: A Critical Study
Authors: Huma Miss
Published: August 2020

The article acquaints and explains the consideration of Margaret Atwood’s novels: ‘Surfacing’ (1972), ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ (1985), and ‘The Robber Bride’ (1993), which presents the role of patriarchal myths in the era of post-modern. She tried to represent the situation of women in contemporary society, where society demands mute acceptance from a woman considered as “weaker sex” or “inferior sex”. Feminism both as a concept and a movement has emerged as a reaction against the atrocities of patriarchy. By myth-making, Margaret is testing her identity, perception, recording the world, and value systems projected is the past.
Buried Deep Inside: ‘The Cement Garden’ as a Trauma Narrative
Authors: M Sharfudden , B Dr Rajani
Published: August 2020

‘The Cement Garden’ is a British novel written by Ian McEwan. The short story revolves around four siblings left alone to deal with the trauma caused by the death of their parents. The story is narrated by Jack who is portrayed as a shabby and unhygienic pervert. He begins the story with a mere mention of his father with whom he doesn’t share a happy relationship. His father passes away while attempting to create a cement garden around their house. Being burdened with managing the responsibilities all alone their mother feels tired on most days and falls sick. As a result, she keeps to her room on most days while the siblings manage the household. The family has no connection with society. Neither relatives nor neighbors ever visit them. The children don’t have close friends at school. They never invite any of their friends’ home. Only the youngest of the sibling Tom is shown to have a friend with whom he plays in the neighborhood. In this study, I focus on the significance of the role played by society and culture in easing the impact of trauma on children. My understanding of the narrative is that the absence of strong cultural identity and family connections make the children perceive trauma as a regular life event and they think it can be easily handled by them. Such misconception results in the older siblings taking up the role of absent parents and entering a relationship of incest. They suppress trauma through the false belief that such a relationship will prevent the family from breaking apart.
Paulo Coelho’s Vision of Feminine Element and Emphasizing the Feminist Divinity Concept
Authors: Hashal Ahmed Abdullah , Ali Murshed Ahmed Hassan
Published: August 2020

Actually, the feminine element is vital in Paulo Coelho’s literary forms which can be reverberated conspicuously as the part played in his life. He states that women have an important position and keep to gain a significant part in his life, and he said “my own life is ruled by feminine ability”. (Coelho: Confessions of a Pilgrim, 83). Two of his books are entitled with female names: Brida (1990) and Veronica Decides to Die (1998) where the female characters are essential, but in this study, the main concern will be about the feminist divinity concept in particular two novels; (The Witch of Portobello) and (By the River Piedra I Sat down and Wept, 1994), where Paulo Coelho emphasizes that there is a feminine part of God, which is named after the mother Goddess.

In addition to that, this paper refers briefly to Paulo Coelho’s vision of aspects of feminism and how he represents and employs the feminine elements in some of his novels like (Brida, The deviland Miss Pryme), and(Alchemist). That vision he expresses of women and what they depict within and outside of us can be noticed clearly in his books. In the two novels,(By Piedra I Sat Down and Wept) and (The Witch of Portobello), Coelho highlights the concept of feminist divinity (the feminine part of God) that seems not to be thought or believed by people at that time,so, this paper will examine this concept precisely in the two novels in order to find out how Coelho viewed and believed the feminine part of God and how he portrayed it through the protagonists of these two novels in the narration.
Visual representations of canine cardiac arrhythmias with Lorenz (Poincaré) plots
Authors: DeProspero Dylan J. , Adin Darcy B.
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

To characterize the patterns associated with Lorenz plots (LPs) or Poincaré plots derived from the Holter recordings of dogs with various cardiac rhythms.

ANIMALS

77 dogs with 24-hour Holter recordings.

PROCEDURES

A 1-hour period from the Holter recordings from each of 20 dogs without arrhythmias and from each of 57 dogs with arrhythmias (10 each with supraventricular premature complexes, complex supraventricular ectopy, ventricular premature complexes, complex ventricular ectopy, and atrial fibrillation, and 7 with high-grade second-degree atrioventricular block) were used to generate the LPs. Patterns depicted in the LPs were described.

RESULTS

Arrhythmia-free Holter recordings yielded LPs with a Y-shaped pattern and variable silent zones. Recordings with single premature complexes yielded LPs with double side and triple side lobes. Complex ectopy was denoted by dots clustered in the lower left corner of the LPs. The LPs of recordings with atrial fibrillation had fan patterns consistent with a nonlinear relationship between atrial electrical impulses and atrioventricular nodal conduction. The recordings with atrioventricular block yielded LPs with island patterns consistent with variable atrioventricular nodal conduction.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Distinct LP patterns were identified for common cardiac rhythms of dogs, supportive of nonrandom mechanisms as the cause of most rhythms. Visual interpretation of an LP generated from a Holter recording may aid in determining the arrhythmia type and understanding the arrhythmia's mechanism in dogs and other species.
Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of trazodone following rectal administration of a single dose to healthy dogs
Authors: O'Donnell Erica M. , Press Saya A. , Karriker Margo J. , Istvan Stephanie A.
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

To determine the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of trazodone following rectal administration of a single dose to healthy dogs.

ANIMALS

6 healthy adult dogs.

PROCEDURES

Each dog received a single dose of trazodone (approx 8 mg/kg) per rectum. Trazodone tablets were crushed into a powder, mixed with 5 mL of tap water, and injected into the rectum via a red rubber catheter. Sedation scores were assigned, and blood samples were collected for determination of plasma trazodone concentration at predetermined times before and after drug administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by noncompartmental analysis.

RESULTS

Plasma trazodone concentration remained below the detection limit for 1 dog even though it became moderately sedate. Median (interquartile [25th to 75th percentile] range [IQR]) maximum plasma trazodone concentration and volume of distribution and clearance corrected for bioavailability were 1.00 μg/mL (0.66 to 1.40 μg/mL), 10.3 L/kg (7.37 to 14.4 L/kg), and 639 mL/kg/h (594 to 719 mL/kg/h), respectively. Median time to maximum plasma trazodone concentration and elimination half-life were 15 minutes (range, 15 to 30 minutes) and 12 hours (IQR, 7.99 to 12.7 hours), respectively. All dogs became mildly or moderately sedate, and the extent of sedation was maximal at a median of 30 minutes (IQR, 30 to 60 minutes) after trazodone administration. No adverse effects were observed.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Rectal administration of trazodone may be a viable option for sedation and treatment of anxiety in dogs for which administration of sedatives and anxiolytics by other routes is contraindicated. Further research is necessary to better elucidate the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of trazodone following rectal administration and determine optimal dosing.
Comparison of the use of a vessel-sealing device versus ligatures for occlusion of uterine tissues during ovariohysterectomy or ovariectomy in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: McLean Euan J. , Woodward Andrew P. , Ryan Stewart D.
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

To compare the bursting strength of the uterine horns (UHs) and cervical-vestibule junction (CVJs) of rabbits following sealing with a vessel-sealing device (VSD) or encircling ligatures.

SAMPLE

UHs and CVJs collected from 30 rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) cadavers.

PROCEDURES

UHs and CVJs were randomly assigned to sealing with encircling Miller knot ligatures (LIG; n = 10 CVJs and 20 UHs) or a VSD (12 CVJs and 24 UHs). Lumens were infused with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution under pressure until seals burst or to a maximum pressure of 300 mm Hg.

RESULTS

For CVJs, median (range) bursting pressure of the LIG and VSD groups was > 300 mm Hg (224 to > 300 mm Hg) and 35 mm Hg (0 to 60 mm Hg), respectively. Five of 12 CVJs in the VSD group failed at pressures < 33 mm Hg. For UHs, median (range) bursting pressure of the LIG and VSD groups was 255 mm Hg (120 to > 300 mm Hg) and 154 mm Hg (range, 44 to 202 mm Hg), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The evaluated VSD was effective in sealing UHs at bursting pressures well in excess of expected physiologic pressures, indicating that the VSD may be useful for ovariectomy procedures in rabbits. However, CVJ seals created with the VSD were ineffective and could potentially burst at low pressures, which could predispose to urine entering the abdomen. Given these results, we do not recommend sealing of the CVJ with a VSD for ovariohysterectomy in rabbits.