bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Realidad, razón y utopía en los proyectos de la Universidad de Salamanca de los años cincuenta
Authors: González Gómez Sara
Published: June 2021

El artículo que se presenta a continuación refiere una serie de proyectos e informes de necesidades que vieron la luz durante la década de los cincuenta en la Universidad de Salamanca. La dilatada historia de esta institución sigue siendo, por su gran riqueza y complejidad, objeto de imprescindibles estudios. El artículo, enmarcado en la línea de investigación dedicada a la Historia de las Universidades, describe y analiza, a través del método histórico-educativo, un aspecto concreto de la institución salmantina –los proyectos e informes de docentes- durante una etapa determinada del franquismo. Por otro lado, la intención principal del mismo es servir como acicate para la reflexión en torno al trinomio: realidad universitaria franquista - consideración de la razón docente - propuestas utópicas o factibles. El clima de inconformismo universitario, la necesidad de reducir el ayuno investigador o la gravosa carestía de recursos serán cuestiones ostensibles en los documentos analizados.
Iconografía sagrada fenicio-púnica en las monedas de Hispania siglos III al I a. C.
Authors: Marín Martínez Antonio Pedro
Published: June 2021

La religión fue un componente sustancial en el proceso colonizador fenicio,ya que los templos ejercían una gran influencia en las transacciones comerciales, algo muy importante dentro del marco de esta sociedad. Como corolario, la moneda, aunque mantenía una clara base económica, también ejercía una base religiosa, que reforzaba su legalidad. En Hispania, este sustrato religioso, queda bien reflejado en las emisiones de monedade las cecas hispanas durante el periodo fenicio-púnico y la etapa republicana romana. La amonedación de este periodo, debido a la gran cantidad de cecas existentes, presenta una amplia iconografía sagrada, tanto a través de la presencia de las divinidades autóctonas y/o sus símbolos, como en la aparición, después de la conquista romana, de divinidades romanas y/o sus símbolos, sincretizadas culturalmente con los cultos existentes.
Teatros salmantinos y actividad musical en el primer cuarto del s. XX a través de la prensa local
Authors: Álvarez García Francisco José
Published: June 2021

Los teatros de comienzos del S. XX son unos de los focos principales en los que se condensa la actividad músico-artística de pequeñas y grandes ciudades españolas. Salamanca no podía ser menos y de la mano de los teatros “Liceo”, “Bretón” y “Moderno” recoge una actividad musical muy rica puesta de manifiesto a través de Zarzuelas, Conciertos, Teatro lírico, Tunas etc., que harán de la ciudad del Tormes centro del panorama musical de la provincia y alrededores hasta prácticamente la Segunda República.
CAN AN INTERVENTION WITH TESTOSTERONE AND NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT IMPROVE THE FRAILTY LEVEL OF UNDER-NOURISHED OLDER PEOPLE?
Authors: THEOU O. , WIJEYARATNE L. , PIANTADOSI C. , LANGE K. , NAGANATHAN V. , HUNTER P. , CAMERON I.D. , ROCKWOOD K. , VISVANATHAN R. , CHAPMAN I.
Published: June 2021

Objective: To examine whether a testosterone and a high calorie nutritional supplement intervention can reduce frailty scores in undernourished older people using multiple frailty tools. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting/Participants: 53 community-dwelling, undernourished men and women aged >65 years from South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales. Intervention: Intervention group received oral testosterone undecanoate and a high calorie supplement (2108-2416 kJ/day) whereas the control group received placebo testosterone and low calorie supplement (142-191 kJ/day). Measurements: Frailty was operationalized using three frailty indices (FI-lab, FI-self-report, FI-combined) and the frailty phenotype. Results: There were no significant differences in changes in frailty scores at either 6 or 12 months follow up between the two treatment groups for all scales. Participants at the intervention group were 4.8 times more likely to improve their FI-combined score at both time points compared to the placebo group. Conclusion: A testosterone and a high calorie nutritional supplement intervention did not improve the frailty levels of under-nourished older people. Even so, when frailty was measured using a frailty index combining self-reported and lab data we found that participants who received the intervention were more likely to show persistent improvement in their frailty scores.
A case of septic shock which postmortem pathological autopsy revealed bacterial myocardial abscess
Authors: Tamai Tsunenori
Published: June 2021

Background and purpose: The myocardial abscess is a scarce condition, but it is significant due to its high mortality. We aimed to seek insight into myocardial abscess by presenting a case report.

Methods: A 73 years old male was emergently transferred to our hospital with disorientation and hypotension. He had a past medical history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and calculous cholecystitis. He had complained of lumbago since 1 week before arrival at our hospital. We diagnosed him with septic shock due to pyogenic spondylitis and psoas abscess by the laboratory and imaging findings. We could not find abnormality in his cardiac status of echocardiography. Despite the treatment, his condition worsened rapidly, and he died after 24 hours of arrival. We performed a postmortem pathological autopsy, which revealed the condition of myocardial abscesses. We examined medical literature about a myocardial abscess.

Results: According to a previous treatise, pyogenic spondylitis was reported as a causative disease of the myocardial abscess to the same extent as infective endocarditis. Bacterial myocarditis may lead to decreased cardiac function and arrhythmias. Our case did not show cardiac asynergy, decreased cardiac function, and sudden fatal arrhythmias during the course. We thought that the myocardial abscess was due to a hematogenous metastasis from the pyogenic spondylitis. And we thought the direct cause of death was septic shock, not the myocardial abscess.

Conclusions: We experienced a fatal septic shock case that revealed myocardial abscess by the postmortem pathological autopsy. It is possible that we cannot notice the existence of myocardial abscess without a pathological autopsy.
LIVED EXPERIENCES OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN MASVINGO CITY: SUCCESSES, FAILURES AND SURVIVAL STRATEGIES
Authors:   Great Zimbabwe University, Nyanga Takupiwa
Published: June 2021

There has been a significant increase in the number of women entrepreneurs in various sectors of the economy throughout the world. Some women entrepreneurs registered some success stories, while others dismally failed and ended up poorer than they were before they started their businesses. The main purpose of this study was to establish the successes, failures and survival strategies of women entrepreneurs in Masvingo city, Zimbabwe. A qualitative research methodology was employed to carry out the study. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted on 40 (forty) participants who were selected by using the snowball sampling technique. Thematic data analysis approach was utilized to analyse the collected data. It was found that despite some registered failures and challenges like failing to retain staff, failing to raise adequate capital, and failing to access advanced technology, a significant number of women entrepreneurs were generally successful in launching, maintaining and growing their businesses. The strategies which women entrepreneurs employed to survive, included among others, buying raw materials or goods for resale in bulk to enjoy the economies of scale; pegging prices and selling their products in United States Dollars (USD); pegging prices in USD and selling products at the prevailing Zimbabwean Dollar exchange rate; or hiring competent staff to ensure that workers were appropriately motivated. It was recommended that women entrepreneurs should continuously scan the macro- and micro-environments to identify new opportunities as well as emerging business threats.
Co-designing Educational Games for Classrooms
Authors: Gaydos Matthew
Published: June 2021

Over the past 15 years, various government agencies in Singapore have supported educational game development and research, producing multiple digital games (e.g., Legends of Alkhemia, Statecraft X), and non-digital games (e.g., Green City Blues, Money Matters). Although these games had been successful as research tools used to investigate gamebased learning, their impact in schools has been limited by contextual factors including the school environment and culture (Chee et al., 2014). Further, little is documented regarding the details of designing educational games for these contexts. This paper describes the challenges I faced as a new researcher in Singapore tasked with designing new educational games that could simultaneously be used as research tools while also serving as effective, sustainable learning experiences in classrooms in Singapore. Although research-based educational games in Singapore and around the world have been created to instantiate and test theories of learning, these games have often been created without much attention given to classroom practicality and longer-term sustainability. This paper recounts this process and describes the constraints that were faced. By describing the conditions and constraints from the development process, the author hopes to inform and improve the design of future research/educational games that can have lasting and significant impact on Singapore student learning.
Initial boundary value problems for the three-dimensional compressible elastic Navier-Stokes-Poisson equations
Authors: Wang Yong , Wu Wenpei
Published: June 2021

We study the initial-boundary value problems of the three-dimensional compressible elastic Navier-Stokes-Poisson equations under the Dirichlet or Neumann boundary condition for the electrostatic potential. The unique global solution near a constant equilibrium state in H
2 space is obtained. Moreover, we prove that the solution decays to the equilibrium state at an exponential rate as time tends to infinity. This is the first result for the three-dimensional elastic Navier-Stokes-Poisson equations under various boundary conditions for the electrostatic potential.
Evolution of university internationalisation strategies and language policies: challenges and opportunities for language centres
Authors: Critchley Mark , Wyburd Jocelyn
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we explore how language centres can and need to seize the initiative in matters of internationalisation, language policy and supporting a multilingual and multicultural institutional environment. We identify and explore a number of challenges and opportunities, using the situation in the United Kingdom as our example, demonstrating how language centres can evidence their existing contribution to a wider interpretation of internationalisation than is often found within university international strategies. In that context, we explore the skillset of the ‘global graduate’ to which language centres can contribute extensively. We demonstrate how language centres can contribute to the achievement of research excellence in an international higher education environment and the dimensions of institutional language policies within the context of a global university. Finally, we share the AULC manifesto for the role of language centres within global universities and propose that CercleS might elaborate a similar manifesto to raise the profile of language centres at the heart of higher education internationalisation.
The Impact of Image on Translation Decision-Making in Dubbing into Arabic – Premeditated Manipulation par Excellence: The Exodus Song as a Case Study
Authors: Yahiaoui Rashid , Aldous Marwa J. , Fattah Ashraf
Published: June 2021

The emblematic connotations and ideological values of images affect the way iconographic and visual codes are interpreted in dubbing. Religion, culture, and politics are all primary variables that communicate evaluative views of the world, but also impose pressure on the translator when they stand in conflict with his or her attitudinal positioning and ethical judgement. Thus, this article aims to examine how the interplay between iconographic and linguistic codes of the visual sign in the musical animation This Land is Mine impacts translational decision-making in dubbing into Arabic. Simultaneously, the aim of this article is to evaluate how religious, cultural, and ideological dissonances between source text and target audience result in acts of manipulation and negotiation of meaning in the target text that explicitly channels the voice of the translator. We employ a dual theoretical approach combining narrative theory and appraisal theory in order to evaluate patterns of manipulation within a scaled system to provide graded analysis that exposes the ideological stance and bias of the source text’s producer/animator in representing reality via visual narrative.
Ultrafast laser manufacturing of nanofluidic systems
Authors: Sima Felix , Sugioka Koji
Published: June 2021

In the last decades, research and development of microfluidics have made extraordinary progress, since they have revolutionized the biological and chemical fields as a backbone of lab-on-a-chip systems. Further advancement pushes to miniaturize the architectures to nanoscale in terms of both the sizes and the fluid dynamics for some specific applications including investigation of biological sub-cellular aspects and chemical analysis with much improved detection limits. In particular, nano-scale channels offer new opportunities for tests at single cell or even molecular levels. Thus, nanofluidics, which is a microfluidic system involving channels with nanometer dimensions typically smaller than several hundred nm, has been proposed as an ideal platform for investigating fundamental molecular events at the cell-extracellular milieu interface, biological sensing, and more recently for studying cancer cell migration in a space much narrower than the cell size. In addition, nanofluidics can be used for sample manipulation in analytical chemistry, such as sample injections, separation, purifications or for quantitative and qualitative determinations. Among the nanofabrication technologies, ultrafast laser manufacturing is a promising tool for fabrication of nanofluidics due to its flexibility, versatility, high fabrication resolution and three dimensional (3D) fabrication capability. In this paper, we review the technological advancements of nanofluidic systems, with emphasis on fabrication methods, in particular ultrafast laser manufacturing. We present the challenges for issues concerning channel sizes and fluid dynamics, and introduce the applications in physics, biology, chemistry and engineering with future prospects.
Qualität in der außerklinischen Geburtshilfe
Authors: Jahn-Zöhrens Ursula
Published: June 2021

Ende der 1980er Jahren haben sich Hebammen und Ärzt*innen, die außerklinische Geburten begleiteten, in Qualitätszirkeln zusammengeschlossen und ihre Perinataldaten ausgewertet. Ziel dieser Erhebung war es, die tatsächlichen Risiken für das mütterliche und kindliche Outcome darzustellen. 1999 haben sich diese Gruppen unter Mitwirkung der Hebammenverbände in der „Gesellschaft für Qualität in der außerklinischen Geburtshilfe (QUAG) e.V.“ zusammengeschlossen und alle außerklinische Hebammen waren aufgefordert, zunächst freiwillig, seit 2015 verpflichtend, ihre Daten zentral zu hinterlegen und auswerten zu lassen.
Risikowahrnehmung geburtshilflicher Fachpersonen – Einflussfaktor auf die peripartale Gesundheit?
Authors: Peterwerth Nina H.
Published: June 2021

Obwohl Schwangerschaft und Geburt häufig als betont natürliche Prozesse beschrieben werden, wird die Diskussion um das Risiko während dieser Prozesse kontrovers geführt. Die Risikowahrnehmung geburtshilflicher Fachpersonen hängt auch mit der Positionierung zum sogenannten „sozialen“ oder „medizinischen Modell“ zusammen, also der Verortung von Schwangerschaft und Geburt als natürliches physiologisches Ereignis oder als Ereignis, das medizinische Kontrolle und Überwachung benötigt. Dieser Artikel thematisiert das Spannungsverhältnis, in welchem geburtshilfliche Fachpersonen agieren, sowie die daraus resultierende Relevanz der Betrachtung der Risikowahrnehmung und deren Einfluss auf die Entscheidungsfindung geburtshilflicher Fachpersonen während der Geburt.
The Effects of Centre/Periphery-Differentiation and the Semantics of Civilisation, With an Example of Devolutional changes in Love Semantics in Late 19thand Early 20thCentury Japan
Authors: Morikawa Takemitsu
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the author discusses the concept of differentiation between the center and periphery and its structural effects within larger society. The author goes on to illustrate how the process of globalization – and increasingly intensified contact with the functionally differentiated “center”– does not always promote functional differentiation in every local society outside of it but can instead destroy the evolutionary potential existing therein. To this purpose, the author focuses on the changes of love semantics in late-19th- and early-20th-century Japan. Caused by the dominance of civilization semantics that corresponded to the relationship between the center and periphery at the structural level, love semantics were re-moralized, losing their power to create an autonomous sphere for intimate relationships free from societal authorities and powers such as morals and politics.
How to improve seed germination with green nanopriming
Authors: Song Kexiao , He Xueqing
Published: June 2021

The ability to improve the germination performance of aged or dormant seeds is significant in agriculture. Seed nanopriming is one potentially effective strategy. The method of synthesising nanoparticles (NPs) is generally chemical reduction. However, most of the reducing agents are
highly toxic chemicals. Plant substitutes can replace such toxic reductants because of their environmental friendliness and hence green synthesis of NPs has arisen as an emerging technology. The technology of seed priming with green synthetic NPs is called green nanopriming. This review introduces
the concept of nanopriming, which has attracted research interest in recent years due to advances in nanotechnology. The basis of green nanopriming, the method for green synthesis of NPs, conditions of green nanopriming (temperature; concentration of NPs; length of priming; nature of NPs)
are elaborated. Further, the effects on seeds and the growth of seedlings are also summarised. This technology can promote germination of seeds effectively without poisoning seedlings. Therefore, green nanopriming has huge potential for enhancing crop productivity.
Hypothalamic involvement and the role of progesterone in the NGF-induced LH surge pathway
Authors: Carrasco Rodrigo A , Leonardi Carlos E , Pezo Sergio , Adams Gregg P
Published: June 2021

To elucidate the mechanism by which nerve growth factor (NGF) influences the LH secretory pathway in camelids, a series of experiments were done to determine the involvement of the hypothalamus (Experiment 1), the role of GnRH neurons (Experiment 2), and the effect of progesterone (Experiment 3) on the NGF-induced LH surge and ovulation in llamas. In Experiment 1, the declining phase of the NGF-induced LH surge was used to determine if the decline is a result of pituitary depletion or hypothalamic unresponsiveness. Female llamas were treated with NGF and, 7 h later, assigned to three groups and given a second dose of NGF (n = 5), a dose of GnRH (n = 5), or saline (n = 6). The LH response was attenuated after the second dose of NGF vs GnRH. In Experiment 2, Fos expression (marker of neuronal activation) in GnRH neurons was examined in the hypothalamus of llamas after NGF or saline treatment (n = 3 per group). Despite an LH surge in the NGF group but not in the saline group, no differences were detected between groups in Fos/GnRH co-expression. In Experiment 3, llamas in low-, medium-, and high-plasma progesterone groups (n = 4 per group) were treated with NGF. The NGF-induced LH surge did not differ among treatment groups. Results from the present study show that the induction of a preovulatory LH surge by NGF may be controlled by a novel pathway involving GnRH neuro-terminals downstream of the hypothalamus and is independent of progesterone influence.
Thermostable manganese (II) dependent α-glycosidase from Pseudothermotoga thermarum
Authors: Shi Hao , Liu Yue , Guo Jiannan , Cao Yang , Zhu Xianyan , Zhou Jia , Luo Chuping , Wang Pixiang , Wang Tao , Li Xiangqian
Published: June 2021

Alpha-glycosidase degrades polysaccharides and oligosaccharides and participates in the synthesis of oligosaccharides through a process called transglycosylation. In this study, an α-glycosidase gene pthgly from Pseudothermotoga thermarum was cloned using pET-20b as a vector and was expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). After heat treatment and affinity chromatography, the resulting recombinant enzyme was purified. The purity of the enzyme reached a single band at a molecular weight of approximately 55 kDa. The properties of the recombinant enzyme were determined. The optimal temperature of α-glycosidase (Pthgly) was 90 °C and the optimal pH was 7.5. In addition, Pthgly exhibited good thermal stability at 70 °C and 75 °C. The relative molecular mass of the recombinant enzyme was 116 kDa, as determined by a protein purification system with a gel filtration column. Furthermore, α-glycosidase possessed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km and Vmax of 0.29 ± 0.01 mmol l-1 and 22.12 ± 1.31 μmol min-1 mg-1, respectively.
Characteristics of self-excited alternate-tooth vibration of circular saw blade
Authors: Takeyama Ken , Yokochi Hideyuki , Nishio Satoru , Tsuchikawa Satoru
Published: June 2021

In recent years, circular saw blades with thinner kerfs have been in high demand for improvement of the production yield of wood-based materials and the reduction of sawdust. In the case of ripping of solid wood, the number of teeth of a circular saw blade is normally set to 40 or 50, with a diameter of 305 mm, which allows less cutting resistance and smooth exhausting of sawdust. However, at certain rotational speeds, self-excited alternate-tooth vibration can easily occur in circular saw blades with such thin kerfs and so few teeth. Therefore, the cutting surface quality tends to be worse. In this study, the mechanism of this self-excited alternate-tooth vibration was clarified. The vibration mode and frequency were predicted by the finite element method. In addition, a circular saw blade with a body thickness 1.5 mm and 50 teeth was employed for wood-cutting experiments. The rotational speed range of the self-excited alternate-tooth vibration modes and their frequencies were investigated. When a double of the tooth passage frequency was slightly higher than the frequencies of the alternate-tooth vibration modes, an alternate-tooth vibration of the regenerative chatter type was excited, owing to the forces on the sides of the tooth.
La devoción de las tinieblas. Génesis y rituales de la fiesta de la Candelaria de Medellín, 1630-1800
Authors: Jiménez Meneses Orián
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: este artículo se propone caracterizar la génesis y trayectoria que experimentó la celebración de la fiesta de la Candelaria en la villa de Medellín, a partir de la revisión y el contraste de fuentes manuscritas y bibliográficas. La génesis de la devoción y celebración de la fiesta a la Virgen de la Candelaria hunde sus raíces en el siglo XVII. En este texto se analiza cómo esta celebración fue el eje cohesionador del vecindario y de sus rituales y creencias, pues, en la villa, la fiesta estuvo relacionada con el poblamiento del valle de Aburrá y con la vida política local. Tras la crisis de 1741 —causada por la negativa de los cuerpos y privilegios para celebrarla, las dificultades económicas, la peste de langosta y el desabasto de alimentos—, la cohesión social, la cooperación y las relaciones de interdependencia entre cabildantes, clérigos, artesanos y forasteros fueron esenciales para superar los obstáculos y continuar con la festividad. Metodología: la operación metodológica, soportada en la cinegética, consistió en el cruzamiento de indicios y huellas, aparentemente inconexas, para entender la cohesión social que articuló la devoción y la fiesta en el vecindario local. Originalidad: se trata de un artículo novedoso por la revisión de fuentes manuscritas y por los hallazgos y las explicaciones que enriquecen la investigación sobre la fiesta de la Candelaria. Conclusiones: la devoción y la fiesta de la Candelaria fueron la matriz cultural para establecer el poblamiento del valle de Aburrá y el casco urbano de la villa de Medellín. En efecto, al equilibrar la cooperación y la competencia, los participantes de la fiesta lograron sortear las dificultades que se les presentaron y mantuvieron la celebración hasta principios del siglo XIX.
Giovanni Levi. Microhistorias.
Authors: Silva Renán
Published: June 2021

La publicación de la obra del destacado historiador italiano es un verdadero acierto editorial, entre otras razones porque Giovanni Levi ha sido ante todo un escritor de artículos de revista, siempre producto de investigaciones apoyadas en una cuidadosa consulta de archivo, pero no autor de libros, género del que solo se le conocen dos: Centro e periferia di uno stato assoluto. Tre saggi su Piemonte e Liguria in età moderna, de 1985, que nunca circuló en castellano, y La herencia inmaterial. La historia de un exorcista piamontés del siglo xvii, también de 1985, traducido pronto a muchas lenguas, entre ellas al español en 1990. La publicación de esta colección de ensayos también es la ocasión para el lector de tener una perspectiva más equilibrada de la riqueza analítica de la llamada microstoria italiana, casi siempre reducida entre nosotros a una obra: El queso y los gusanos, el gran best-seller de Carlo Ginzburg de 1976, lo que significó una cierta distorsión en el conocimiento de esta importante corriente historiográfica, al reducirla a una de sus líneas, al tiempo que se empobreció la propia obra de Ginzburg, cuyos demás títulos permanecen más o menos ignorados.
IW Sentinel-1 satellite scenes for the investigation of mine slope stability: experiences from the Riacho dos Machados gold mine (Brazil)
Authors: Hartwig Marcos Eduardo , De Lima Leandro Ribes , Perissin Daniele
Published: June 2021

In the last decade, the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry – PSI have been largely employed to predict instabilities and failure in open pit mines. The PSI is a powerful technique, which combines radar satellite data in order to detect and monitor tiny surface displacements over vast areas. In the last years, the Sentinel-1 radar mission have produced images of the globe acquired with different spatial and temporal resolutions that are now freely available. In recent years, the footwall slopes of the Riacho dos Machados Gold Mine – MRDM (Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil) have recorded large planar failures controlled by foliation planes. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to evaluate a stack of 39 Interferometric Wide Sentinel-1 scenes, spanning from January 2018 to April 2019, acquired in descending orbit geometry, for the detection and monitoring of surface displacements in the MRDM. The results have shown that descending IW Sentinel-1 scenes can be used to provide a broad picture of the Line-Of-Sight - LOS deformation phenomena. In order to monitor the evolution of the deformation phenomena induced by mining activities, LOS deformation maps with millimeter accuracy could be only delivered at least each 12 days.
Vaccination decision-making problems among parents. Implications for the doctor–patient relationship
Authors:   Doctoral School of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland, Księska-Koszałka Joanna Małgorzata
Published: June 2021

Currently, there is a heated debate in society around the topic of vaccination. The views of supporters and opponents of vaccinations clash, which is particularly visible on the Internet and social media. Clearly, the discussions are particularly lively at this time due to the challenge facing countries around the world to immunise large numbers of people with the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in order to contain the raging pandemic. Although the dispute over vaccination undoubtedly contributes to an increase in public awareness of this issue, it also brings a large dose of chaos and disinformation. The discussion about vaccinations is often accompanied by a lack of substantive content and presentation of scientifically verified arguments, while mutual hostility, threats and dissemination of untrue information dominate. This situation negatively affects parents who, as a consequence, have a problem with making an informed decision about their child’s vaccination. It is also a source of high stress: on the one hand, there is the obligation to vaccinate, while on the other hand, there is a fear of adverse reactions to vaccines, which is framed in psychology as the so-called approach–avoidance conflict and the phenomenon of cognitive dissonance. Many parents deal with this conflict by looking for information, e.g. by asking their paediatrician. However, they do not always find understanding with them either, which deepens their anxiety and frustration. The aim of the article is to draw attention to the above problem, to characterise the social discussion on vaccination, to emphasise the special role of the doctor and doctor–patient communication in this regard, and to provide recommendations on how to effectively conduct this kind of communication.
The usefulness of molecular diagnosis in the assessment of the aetiology, clinical phenotypes and risk of food-induced anaphylaxis in children
Authors:   Allergology and Pulmonology Department, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Regional Branch in Rabka-Zdrój, Rabka-Zdrój, Poland, Błażowski Łukasz ,   Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland,   Paediatric and Allergology Department, Specialist Hospital, Jasło, Poland, Kurzawa Ryszard ,   Allergology and Pulmonology Department, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Regional Branch in Rabka-Zdrój, Rabka-Zdrój, Poland, Majak Paweł ,   Department of Paediatric Pneumonology, Department of Paediatrics No. 3, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
Published: June 2021

Aim: Food-induced anaphylaxis is most common in the paediatric population and has an unpredictable course. The aim of this paper was to perform a demographic and clinical assessment of food-induced anaphylaxis in children using molecular diagnosis. Materials and methods: The study included 541 children aged 0–18 years who developed 893 sudden reactions to food. Levels of IgEs against 112 allergen molecules were measured in each child. We analysed demographic and clinical data in two age groups. The aetiology of anaphylaxis was determined at the level of source allergens and at the level of allergen molecules. We also determined the risk factors for severe clinical course of reactions. Results: A total of 631 food-induced anaphylactic reactions developed by 421 children were included in the analysis. The group of children aged 0–6 years was mostly composed of boys (p = 0.0023) and children with atopic dermatitis (p = 0.0001). Also, cutaneous and mucosal symptoms were more common (p < 0.0001), and milk casein, Bos d 8, was the most common cause of anaphylaxis in this group (p < 0.0001). In the group of 7–18-year-olds, anaphylaxis was more common in children with no asthma or atopic dermatitis (p = 0.0001); hazelnuts (p = 0.0005) and, in terms of allergen molecules, walnut 2S albumin, Jug r 1 (p = 0.0011), were a more common cause of reaction; as well as exercise-induced anaphylaxis (p < 0.0001) and cardiovascular symptoms (p = 0.0247) were more common. In the study population, more severe anaphylaxis was more common in children without asthma or atopic dermatitis (p = 0.0428) and in the case of anaphylaxis induced by cashew nut 2S albumin, Ana o 3 (p < 0.0001) and wheat allergen, Tri a 14 (p = 0.0143). Conclusions: Molecular diagnostics allows for a detailed assessment of the aetiology and the risk of severe food-induced anaphylaxis.
Food anaphylaxis in toddlers: own clinical experience in diagnostic measurement and identification of underlying causes
Authors:   Department of Paediatrics No. 2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Matsyura Oksana ,   Allergy Department, Communal Non-profit Enterprise “City Children’s Clinical Hospital of Lviv,” Lviv, Ukraine, Besh Lesya ,   Department of Paediatrics No. 2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine,   Allergy Department, Communal Non-profit Enterprise “City Children’s Clinical Hospital of Lviv,” Lviv, Ukraine, Lukyanenko Natalia ,   Department of Propaedeutic Paediatrics and Medical Genetics, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Gutor Taras ,   Department of Public Health Management, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Nahurna Yaryna ,   Department of Therapy No. 1 and Medical Diagnostics, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Kovalska Oksana ,   Department of Public Health Management, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Menshykova Anna ,   Department of Paediatrics No. 2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

The article presents current data on the reasons for the occurrence, peculiarities of the course, and diagnostic principles of anaphylaxis in toddlers. The determination of protein group enables to prognosticate the risk of development of food anaphylaxis. A comprehensive method is the ALEX in vitro multiplex allergy test. In the first reported case, anaphylaxis appeared after the consumption of a milk formula (cutaneous and respiratory symptoms; five months) and buckwheat (cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and respiratory symptoms; 11 months). On examination, the storage proteins of buckwheat Fag e 2 were detected – 22.82 kUA/L and major components of milk Bos d 4 (α-lactalbumin) – 41.37 kUA/L, Bos d 5 (β-lactoglobulin) – 41.12 kUA/L, Bos d 8 (casein) – 32.84 kUA/L. In the second case, anaphylaxis (cutaneous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and neurological symptoms) developed after eating cake. On examination, the following storage proteins were detected: hazelnut Cor a 14 – 6.80 kUA/L, walnut Jug r 1 – 3.76 kUA/L. In the third case, anaphylaxis (cutaneous and respiratory symptoms) occurred after contact with dried fish (carp, cod) which the affected child was holding in the hands. On examination, parvalbumins were detected, including Atlantic cod – Gad m 1 – 46.67 kUA/L, carp – Cyp c 1 – 42.61 kUA/L, Atlantic herring – Сlu h 1 – 49.05 kUA/L, Sal s 1– 45.58 kUA/L, Atlantic mackerel – Sco s 1 – 48.82 kUA/L, tuna – Thu a 1 – 43.12 kUA/L, and swordfish – Хір g 1 – 43.83 kUA/L. Based on a complex examination, the patients received thorough dietary and lifestyle recommendations, as well as information about health risks and the need for an epinephrine autoinjector.
Recurrent episodes of viral croup in children: potential causes and approaches to its prevention
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Romanko M.R.
Published: June 2021

Viral croup is one of the most common causes of upper respiratory tract obstruction in children under 6 years of age. Frequent acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and a burdened history of allergies might be triggers for recurrent episodes of viral croup. Purpose — to study vitamin D status in infants with viral croup and the efficacy of cholecalciferol supplements for recurrent episodes prevention. Materials and methods. Hospital(based survey included 128 children aged 4–36 months with viral croup. Vitamin D status was evaluated by measuring serum 25 (OH) D levels. Control studies were performed after 12 weeks. A prospective follow(up study lasted for three years. Results. 32.8±4.1% (42/128) of hospitalized children with viral croup had a history of frequent episodes of ARIs (>6 episodes per year). Recurrent episodes of viral croup were more frequent in children with a burdened history of allergies compared to those who did not have allergies — 46.4±9.4% (13/28) vs. 23.0±4.2% (23/100) (р=0.028). At the time of enrollment, 47.6±4.4% (61/128) of children had optimal concentration of 25 (ОН) D (30–100 ng/ml). Serum 25 (OH) D levels in children who regularly received supplements were 33.5 ng/ml (27.2–44.5) at the time of control. Patients with a level of 25 (OH) D>30 ng/ml were less likely to have recurrent ARIs (0/29) during the observation period compared to those with a level of 25 (OH) D 20–30 ng/ml (25.0±10.8%, 4/16) (p=0.023). In children with a concentration of 25 (OH) D>30 ng/ml, the risks for recurrent episodes of viral croup in the future were 9 times lower (OR=9.00; 95% CI: 1.55–52.27), and the risks of more mild viral croup course were 11.4 times lower (OR=11.40; 95% CI: 1.20–108.29). Conclusions. Insufficient levels of vitamin D were recorded in 46.1±4.4% of children with viral croup. When the concentration of 25 (OH) D in serum increased to >30 ng/ml, the frequency of recurrent ARIs decreased (p=0.023); the risks for recurrent episodes of viral croup decreased, as well as the risks of more severe viral croup course. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: recurrent episodes, viral croup, children, causes, prevention.
Analytical review of automatic systems for depression detection by speech
Authors: Velichko Alena , Karpov Alexey
Published: June 2021

In recent years the interest in automatic depression detection has grown within medical and scientific-technical communities. Depression is one of the most widespread mental illnesses that affects human life. In this review we present and analyze the latest researches devoted to depression detection. Basic notions related to the definition of depression were specified, the review includes both unimodal and multimodal corpora containing records of informants diagnosed with depression and control groups of non-depressed people.

Theoretical and practical researches which present automated systems for depression detection were reviewed. The last ones include unimodal as well as multimodal systems. A part of reviewed systems addresses the challenge of regressive classification predicting the degree of depression severity (non-depressed, mild, moderate and severe), and another part solves a problem of binary classification predicting the presence of depression (if a person is depressed or not). An original classification of methods for computing of informative features for three communicative modalities (audio, video, text information) is presented. New methods for depression detection in every modality and all modalities in total are defined. The most popular methods for depression detection in reviewed studies are neural networks. The survey has shown that the main features of depression are psychomotor retardation that affects all communicative modalities and strong correlation with affective values of valency, activation and domination, also there has been observed an inverse correlation between depression and aggression. Discovered correlations confirm interrelation of affective disorders and human emotional states. The trend observed in many reviewed papers is that combining modalities improves the results of depression detection systems.
PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS OF GENERALISED STATISTIC MODEL FOR MULTIPATH CHANNEL OF SIMO SISTEMS WITH FADING AND CORRELATED SHADOWING
Authors: Gvozdarev Aleksey , Patralov Pavel
Published: June 2021

The paper considers the problem of analysis of the information transmission process by multi-element communication systems in presence of a multipath signal propagation channel. To generalize the propagation effects, the model of the κ–μ fading channel with correlated shadowing was assumed, and the technology used for organizing a multi-element system was the SIMO system, equipped with the maximum-ration combiner of the signal on the receiving side. To describe the characteristics of the information transfer process, an approach based on the higher-order statistics of the ergodic capacity was used. Closed-form analytical expressions for arbitrary-order capacity higher-order statistics were obtained for the channel model under consideration. The behavior of the first four statistics (ergodic capacity, its reliability, skewness and kurtosis coefficients) is analyzed depending on the channel parameters (the number of multipath propagation clusters, the ratio of power of the dominant components to the total power of multipath waves, the degree of shadowing of the dominant components, and the shadowing correlation coefficient). Within the framework of the study, 4 distinct situations of the assumed channel model behavior were considered, which significantly differ in their properties. It is noted that, in contrast to the capacity, its higher-order statistics are significantly more sensitive to the channel parameters and, as a result, are more significant indicators of fluctuations in the information transfer rate within the communication channel. The existence of a pronounced extremum (minimum) of the reliability ergodic capacity dependence from the signal-to-noise ratio was established. It should be accounted for in practical applications, when the requirements of the signal-to-noise ratio that guarantees the desired communication link quality are set.
THE EFFECT OF PROFITABILITY, CAPITAL STRUCTURE, AND FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION ON INVESTMENT RISK
Authors: JERICO Muhammad Istiqlal , UTAMI Wiwik
Published: June 2021

This study aims to provide empirical evidence of the effect of profitability, capital structure and forward looking information on investment risk. The population used in this research were all banking companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016 to 2018. The sample selection used a random sampling method, and obtained 117 samples. The variables of profitability, capital structure, and forward-looking information refer to the elements of Integrated Reporting (2013) as an independent variable, and investment risk as the dependent variable. Data is collected from bank annual reports and share prices obtained from the website. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression. The results of the study concluded that profitability and capital structure had no effect on investment risk. Forward-looking disclosure  has a negative effect on investment risk. This means that forward-looking disclosures can significantly reduce investment risk.
YEREL SEÇİMLERDE HİZMET KALİTESİ VE VERGİLEMENİN SEÇMEN TERCİHİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: ÇANAKKALE BELEDİYESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: EROĞLU Erdal , AVCI Elif
Published: June 2021

Yerel seçimler; katılım oranları, seçmen eğilimleri ve tercihleri bakımından genel seçimlerden farklılık göstermektedir. Seçmenler oy verme tercihinde bulunurken sosyolojik, psikolojik ve ekonomik değişkenlere göre hareket etmektedir. Yerel seçimlerde bu değişkenlerin yanı sıra hizmet kalitesi ve vergileme seçmen tercihleri üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Yerel seçimlerde seçmenler kendilerine en az maliyet ile en fazla fayda sağlayacağını düşündüğü belediye başkan adayına oy vermektedir. Belediye başkan adayı ise oylarını artırabilmek veya yeniden seçilebilmek amacıyla kentin yaşam kalitesini artıran yerel hizmetlere ve projelere başvurmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Çanakkale Belediyesi 2019 yerel seçimleri özelinde vatandaşların belediye başkanlığı seçimindeki tercihlerine odaklanılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda Çanakkale ilinde 200 seçmenle anket gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada seçmenlerin yerel seçimlerde oy kullanırken Çanakkale Belediyesinin sunduğu yerel kamu hizmetlerinin kalitesinin seçmen tercihlerinde önemli bir etkisinin olduğu ancak yerel vergi algısının ise seçmen tercihi üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olmadığı bulguları elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada dikkat çeken bir diğer bulgu ise diğer faktörler kategorisinde yer alan (ideoloji, din, başkan adayının karakteri, seçim vaatleri vb.) faktörlerin seçmen tercihi üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğudur.
TÜRKİYE VE AZERBAYCAN ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLERİN MALİ VE İKTİSADİ ANALİZİ
Authors: EKİCİ Mehmet Sena , ARDA Abdullah Taha
Published: June 2021

İktisadın ve Kamu maliyesinin önemli konularından biri olan enerji, geçmişten bugüne insan hayatı için elzem bir ihtiyaçtır. İnsan hayatının hemen hemen çoğu alanında kullanım alanı bulan enerji, mevcut rolünü ve alan çeşitliliğini, her geçen gün arttırarak sürdürmektedir. Söz konusu kaynağa sahip olan ülkeler, hammadde zenginliği sebebiyle önemli avantajlar elde etmektedir. Uluslararası politika çerçevesinde, enerji kaynağına sahip olan ülkeler, uluslararası düzeyde önemli kazanımlar elde etmektedir. Türkiye ise henüz enerji alanında istenilen rezervlere ulaşamamış olmasına rağmen rezerv kaynakların arz güvenliği temelinde ekonomik yollarla taşınmasına aracılık ederek rezerv dezavantajını bu yolla avantaja çevirme gayretindedir. Ülke toprakları içerisinde yoğun enerji tüketiminin karşısında ihtiyaç duyulan arz miktarını düşük maliyetle ve sürdürülebilir yollarla temin edebilmek için komşu coğrafyalarla çeşitli projeler geliştirmiştir. Ve bu projeler boru hatları vasıtasıyla meyvesini vermiştir. Türkiye sahip olduğu topraklar ile jeopolitik açıdan avantaj sahibidir. Bu avantajını değerlendirmek adına yürüttüğü stratejiler neticesinde enerji alanında koridor pozisyonu üstlenmektedir. Türkiye bölgesindeki istikrarın sürekliliği adına komşularına nispeten uluslararası sahada daha fazla güven veren bir ülke konumunda olduğu için enerji arz güvenliği hususunda ihracatçı ve ithalatçı ülkeler arasında güvenli koridor olma rolüne uygundur. Son yıllarda TANAP ve Trans Adriyatik hattının faaliyete geçirilmesiyle bu alanda önemli bir ivme yakalanmıştır. Türkiye ve Azerbaycan arasındaki iki devlet tek millet düsturunun ortak menfaatler çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmesi ile Türkiye’nin enerji alanında Rusya’ya olan bağımlılığı da önemli oranda azalmıştır. Özellikle son iki yılda Doğu Akdeniz’de gerçekleştirilen arama ve tarama faaliyetleri netice vermeye başlamış ve doğalgaz rezervleri anlamında umut verici gelişmeler sağlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye ve Azerbaycan ülkeleri arasındaki enerji ilişkilerini hem iktisadi hem de mali açıdan irdelemektir.
Space Traffic Management (STM) – Legal Aspects
Authors:   War Studies Academy (Poland), Polkowska Małgorzata
Published: June 2021

Space Traffic Management (STM) is a new concept referring to space activities. The highest priority is the safety and security of outer space and all conducted operations. There is no definition of STM. There is an urgent need to regulate STM providing safety and security regulations at the international, regional, and national levels. Because there is no STM definition, the regulator might use the example of existing regulations of the International Civil Aviation Organization on Air Traffic Management (ATM). European EUSST is a good example of being a “precursor” of STM. However, many questions are still open regarding specific regulations needed to create an STM system, such as at which level they should be made: globally, regionally, or nationally.