bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Emergencies in India: Would Psychiatric Emergency Services Help?
Authors: Saddichha Sahoo , Vibha Pandey
Published: March 2011

Introduction:Behavioral emergencies constitute an important component of emergencies worldwide. Yet, research on behavioral emergencies in India has been scarce. This article discusses the burden, types, and epidemiology of behavioral emergencies in India.

Methods:A computerized search of Medline, Psychinfo, and Cochrane from 1975 to 2009 was performed, and all articles were evaluated and collated. The results were summarized.

Results and Conclusions:There is an acute need for psychiatric emergency services in India. Suicides, acute psychoses, and substance-related problems form the major portion of behavioral emergencies, while current trends show a rise in disaster- and terrorism-related emergencies.
Post-Disaster Recovery: A Case Study of Human Resource Deployment in the Health Sector in Post-Conflict Kosovo
Authors: O'Hanlon Katherine P. , Budosan Boris
Published: March 2011

Introduction:A professional understanding of disasters, paired with the need for health service development, can provide opportunities for the recovery and improvement of the health sector. Investment in training capacity ranks among the top priorities of a recovering health sector. The recovery and development of primary healthcare delivery systems has been implemented by various international and local health players in the aftermath of conflicts around the world. However, human resource development in the post-conflict environment has not been evaluated and/or published appropriately in the medical literature.

Objective:In this retrospective, descriptive study, the authors describe the strategy and evaluate the effectiveness of a field-based training program for primary healthcare doctors implemented by the US-based international non-governmental organization, the International Medical Corps, after the conflict in Kosovo in 1999.

Methods:A six-month, comprehensive education and training program on primary healthcare issues was delivered to 134 Kosovar primary healthcare physicians in 10 Kosovo municipalities in 1999 and 2000. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected. The qualitative methods included open-ended, semi-structured, key informant interviews, structured focus groups, and unstructured participant observations. The quantitative method was multiple-choice knowledge tests.

Results:The education and training program proved to be culturally appropriate and well-accepted by local communities. The program met its overall objective to refresh the knowledge of primary care doctors on various primary healthcare issues and set the stage for further strengthening and development of primary health services and their required human resources in Kosovo.

Conclusions:The comprehensive education and training of primary healthcare doctors in Kosovo was a feasible, much appreciated, and effective intervention implemented in a difficult post-conflict environment. This training was one of the early steps in the modernization of primary healthcare services in Kosovo. Later, primary health care was strengthened by the introduction of a Department of Family Medicine at the university, which includes a residency program. The intervention described in this study has the potential to be reproduced in other post-disaster environments, especially in resource-poor settings with long-time troubled health sectors in developing countries.
Assessment of Prehospital Care and Disaster Preparedness in a Rural Guatemala Clinic
Authors: Lin Janet Y. , King Renee , Bhalla Naina , Brander Caroline
Published: March 2011

Introduction: In October 2005, Hurricane Stan impacted Central America, causing severe damage to Guatemala. The main objectives of this study are to report on the effects of Hurricane Stan in rural Guatemala, to assess the responses of a rural clinic during and after the storm, and to identify ways in which the clinic can better prepare for future disasters. The clinic is located in Catarina, San Marcos, Guatemala. Roughly 400–500 patients are attended to each week at the clinic.

Methods: Survey data were obtained during a two-week period using a convenience sample of people at the clinic and in the surrounding community.

Results: The major medical problems after the impact of Hurricane Stan included fungal infections, upper respiratory infections, diarrhea, and emotional problems. The most needed supplies included food, electricity, home repair, potable water, communication, and clothing. In the immediate aftermath of event, 61% of the participants could not get to a hospital; however, most did not require medical assistance.

Conclusions: Hurricane Stan had a devastating effect on the San Marcos region of Guatemala. While the clinic could have served as a resource center and a base, it was not prepared to address the community's health needs after the hurricane as there were no previous plans in place for disaster response for the clinic or for the community. Next steps include developing a preparedness plan to utilize the clinic as a local resource center , in the event that the planned national disaster responses are delayed or unable to reach the affected area.
Kant in Reply to Lambert on the Ancestry of Metaphysical Concepts
Authors: Laywine Alison
Published: March 2011

The purpose of this paper is to make sense of the immediate philosophical aftermath of Kant's Inaugural Dissertation. I will try to show what Kant himself took to be the problems left unsettled in the dissertation, and how he tried to deal with them. At the end of the paper, I will briefly sketch how he may have proceeded after the famous letter to Marcus Herz of 1772, and what path he would have had to take to recognize the need for a transcendental deduction.
Organic Sublimity: a Kantian Exploration in Aesthetic Appreciation
Authors: Kupfer Joseph
Published: March 2011

You are standing in the redwood forest of California, craning your neck to see the top of the giant sequoias. You marvel at their grandeur, as the trees seem to pierce the sunny clouds, but you might find the sequoias even more marvellous if you knew they were over 200 feet high. And wouldn't you stand in still greater awe if you realized that these trees are more than 2,000 years old? Knowing the age of sequoias and other living things can be the basis of a distinctive aesthetic experience – the organically sublime.
Schopenhauer's Proof that Thing-in-ltself is Will
Authors: Jacquette Dale
Published: March 2011

In a bold series of pronouncements, Arthur Schopenhauer maintains that the Kantian thing-in-itself is Will. The division between the world as Will and representation, with its impressive array of implications, is Schopenhauer's most important and distinctive contribution to metaphysics. To understand what Schopenhauer means by ‘Will’ (der Wille) as opposed to the empirical ‘will’, and his reasons for identifying thing-in-itself with Will, we must look in detail at two related arguments by which Schopenhauer proposes to link these concepts. The arguments appear in the first and second editions of Schopenhauer's masterwork,The World as Will and Representation.The differences between the two versions appear to represent a change in his thinking about the most persuasive way to demonstrate the nature of thing-in-itself. The arguments are reconstructed for the sake of comparison, and critically evaluated in light of a variety of objections. While Schopenhauer's first, analogical, argument is inconclusive, his second argument offers a highly defensible inference identifying thing-in-itself as Will.
From Deduction to Deed: Kant's Grounding of the Moral Law
Authors: Sussman David
Published: March 2011

In theCritique of Practical Reason, Kant presents the moral law as the sole ‘fact of pure reason’ that neither needs nor admits of a deduction to establish its authority. This claim may come as a surprise to many readers of his earlierGroundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals.In the last section of theGroundwork, Kant seemed to offer a sketch of just such a ‘deduction of the supreme principle of morality’(GMS4: 463). Although notoriously obscure, this sketch shows that Kant hoped to base the moral law in the freedom that rational agents can claim as members of the ‘intelligible world’ that transcendental idealism makes available to us. In contrast, the secondCritiqueabandons all aspirations of deriving morality from more basic notions of freedom and practical rationality.
Kant's Grundlegung: a Reply to Dieter Schönecker
Authors: Timmermann Jens
Published: March 2011

Volume 12 (2007) contains a review of my little edition-cum-commentary of Kant's Grundlegung (Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht, 2004; henceforth ‘CG’). As I am familiar with the work of the reviewer, Dieter Schönecker, most of the points mentioned did not surprise me. I was, however, taken aback by the, let us say, unhelpful manner in which they were raised. Schönecker's criticisms concern largely not ‘blunders’, ‘misinterpretations’ or ‘factual mistakes’ (155) but – besides the occasional misunderstanding on his part – matters of philosophical disagreement that might have been of interest to readers of the Kantian Review if set out in an informative, civilized and disinterested fashion. In what follows, I shall try to make these disagreements explicit.
Kant's Non-Voluntarist Conception of Political Obligations: Why Justice is Impossible in the State of Nature
Authors: Varden Helga
Published: March 2011

In this paper, I present and defend Kant's non-voluntarist conception of political obligations. I argue that civil society is not primarily a prudential requirement for justice; it is not merely a necessary evil or a moral response to combat our corrupting nature or our tendency to act viciously, thoughtlessly or in a biased manner. Rather, civil society is constitutive of rightful relations among persons because only in civil society can we interact in ways reconcilable with each person's innate right to freedom. Civil society is the means through which we can rightfully interact even on the ideal assumption that no one ever succumbs to immoral temptation. Kant's account, therefore, provides ideal reasons to support the claim that voluntarism cannot be the liberal ideal of political obligations.
Physiology and the Controlling of Affects in Kant's Philosophy
Authors: Borges Maria
Published: March 2011

Kant is categorical about the relation between virtue and the controlling of inclinations:

Since virtue is based on inner freedom it contains a positive command to a human being, namely to bring all his capacities and inclinations under his reason's control and so to rule over himself. (MS, 6: 410)

Virtue presupposes apathy, in the sense of absence of affects. Kant revives the stoic ideal of tranquilitas as a necessary condition for virtue: ‘The true strength of virtue is a tranquil mind’ (MS, 6: 409). In the Anthropology and the Doctrine of Virtue, apathy is taken in the sense of freedom from affects. In these texts, Kant maintains that we must strive toward a state in which affects are absent.
Inferentialism and the Transcendental Deduction
Authors: Landy David
Published: March 2011

One recent trend in Kant scholarship has been to read Kant as undertaking a project in philosophicalsemantics, as opposed to, say, epistemology, or transcendental metaphysics. This trend has evolved almost concurrently with a debate in contemporary philosophy of mind about the nature of concepts and their content. Inferentialism is the view that the content of our concepts is essentially inferentially articulated, that is, that the content of a concept consists entirely, or in essential part, in the role that that concept plays in a system of inferences. By contrast, relationalism is the view that this content is fixed by a mental or linguistic item's standing in a certain relation to its object. The historical picture of Kant and the contemporary debate about concepts intersect in so far as contemporary inferentialists about conceptual content often cite Immanuel Kant not only as one of the founding fathers of a tradition that leads more or less straightforwardly to contemporary inferentialism, but also as the philosopher who first saw the fatal flaws in any attempt to articulate the content of our concepts relationally.
Active Sympathetic Participation: Reconsidering Kant's Duty of Sympathy
Authors: Fahmy Melissa Seymour
Published: March 2011

In the Doctrine of Virtue Kant divides duties of love into three categories: beneficent activity (Wohltätigkeit), gratitude (Dankbarkeit) and Teilnehmung – commonly referred to as the duty of sympathy (MS 6: 452). In this paper I will argue that the content and scope of the third duty of love has been underestimated by both critics and defenders of Kant's ethical theory. The account which pervades the secondary literature maintains that the third duty of love includes only two components: an obligation to make use of our natural receptivity to sympathetic feelings as a means to fulfilling other duties of love, and an indirect duty to cultivate these feelings. As a result, Kant's duty of sympathy has been widely regarded as a duty whose value is derived from the way in which it serves other duties, in particular, the duty of beneficent activity, which obliges agents ‘to promote according to one's means the happiness of others in need’ (MS 6: 453). Teilnehmung has thus assumed something of a second-class status among the duties to others. My aim in this paper is to demonstrate that the prevailing account of Kant's third duty of love is incomplete.
Kant on the Hiddenness of God
Authors: Watkins Eric
Published: March 2011

Kant's sustained reflections on God have received considerable scholarly attention over the years and rightly so. His provocative criticisms of the three traditional theoretical proofs of the existence of God, and his own positive proof for belief in God's existence on moral grounds, have fully deserved the clarification and analysis that has occurred in these discussions. What I want to focus on, however, is the extent to which Kant's position contains resources sufficient to answer a line of questioning about the existence of God that has recently been called the problem of the ‘hiddenness of God’ in contemporary discussions in philosophy of religion. If God exists roughly as the Judeo-Christian philosophical tradition conceives of him, it is puzzling, at least prima facie, why he does not make his existence overwhelmingly obvious to one and all, but rather is hidden from us. For if God is omnipotent, as the tradition maintains, it seems that he would have the power to reveal himself to us and, for that matter, with sufficient clarity that we would be left with no doubt about the matter. And if, as the tradition maintains further, it is important to God that we accept his existence and reject false idols who would pretend to divine status, it would seem that he has a significant reason to reveal himself to us. In short, given that God can make his existence obvious to all, and that doing so would fulfil an important purpose, why does he remain hidden from us?
‘Objective Validity’ and ‘Objective Reality’ in Kant's B-deduction of the Categories
Authors: Bunch Aaron
Published: March 2011

Like Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, we now have both an A- and a substantially revised B-edition of Henry Allison's commentary to and defence of that work: Kant's Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defense (Allison 1983, 2004). Unlike Kant's Critique, however, Allison's first edition is unlikely to persist as an occasional rival to the second, since reviewers rightly consider the second to have superseded the landmark scholarship of the first. Nevertheless, before Allison's first edition is entirely supplanted, I would like to save a neglected insight from its treatment of the B-deduction that is not retained in the second edition.
Natura Daedala Rerum?On the Justification of Historical Progress in Kant'sGuarantee of Perpetual Peace
Authors: Ypi Lea
Published: March 2011

This article analyses the teleological argument justifying historical progress in Kant's Guarantee of Perpetual Peace. It starts by examining the controversies produced by Kant's claim that the teleology of nature supports the idea of a providential development of humanity towards moral progress and the possibility of achieving a cosmopolitan political constitution. It further illustrates how Kant's teleological argument inPerpetual Peaceneeds to be assessed with reference to two systematically relevant issues: first, the problem of coordination linked to the necessity of realizing the ‘highest good’ as a historical end of practical reason, and secondly the problem of continuity posed by the temporal limitation of all individual efforts to cultivate moral dispositions. To illustrate the implications of both issues for the teleological argument inPerpetual Peace, the article draws attention to some important developments in Kant's analysis of teleology following theCritique of Judgment.
Opinion, Belief or Faith, and Knowledge
Authors: Stevenson Leslie
Published: March 2011

Kant famously said he 'had to deny knowledge (Wissen) in order to make room for faith (Glaube)’ (B xxx). But what exactly was his conception ofGlaube, and how does it fit into his epistemology? In the firstCritiqueit is not until the concluding Method section that he explicitly addresses these issues. In the Canon of Pure Reason he lists three questions that sum up ‘all interest of my reason’: What can I know? What should I do? What may I hope? (A 805/B 833). Kant here put hope on the agenda of philosophy. In his essays on history he argued that we can hope for secular progress in the development of human culture; but in his moral and religious philosophy he was also concerned with eschatological hopes that we can perfect our characters in a life after death, and that the moral governor of the universe will ensure that happiness is eventually proportionate to virtue. About immortality and the existence of God, his constant refrain is that we can have only apracticalkind of faith (Glaube).
The Moral Importance of Politeness in Kant's Anthropology
Authors: Frierson Patrick
Published: March 2011

In hisGroundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals(1784), Kant explains that ethics, like physics, ‘will have its empirical part, but it will also have a rational part, … though here [in ethics] the empirical part might be given the special namepractical anthropology’ (4: 388). In theGroundwork, Kant suggests that anthropology, or the ‘power of judgment sharpened by experience’, has two roles, ‘to distinguish in what cases [moral laws] are applicable’ and ‘to gain for [moral laws] access to the human will’ (4: 389). Twelve years later, the first function, of applying the categorical imperative to specifically human situations, is incorporated into Kant'sMetaphysics of Morals(1797).
Autonomy and the Highest Good
Authors: Denis Lara
Published: March 2011

Kant conceives of moral agents as autonomous, capable of motivating themselves to act on a self-given rule of reason, independently of – and even against – their inclinations. Moreover, Kant's moral theory tells agents to realize their autonomy, by striving to do what is right for its own sake. It is because of Kant's emphasis on autonomy that his notion of the highest good has been a topic of controversy. From Kant's time onward, commentators have suspected that the highest good, which promises virtuous agents happiness proportionate to their goodness, introduces heteronomy into morality. The standard response to this concern is that critics have misunderstood the relationship of the highest good to the agent's will: it is an object, not a spring, of moral action. This is a valid response to some articulations of the objection. But it does not adequately address the version that interests me: the charge that belief in God as the guarantor of happiness proportionate to virtue plays an inappropriate motivational role in Kant's moral theory. Kant appears to say that without belief in a God who will make the virtuous happy we would not be motivated to act rightly. This sort of claim seems to conflict with Kant's notion of moral agents as beings who are capable of doing the right thing just because it is right. If this conflict cannot be resolved, Kantians face a dilemma: either weaken the notion of autonomy, or (more likely) weaken the claims about the moral importance of faith in God.
A Critique of the Practical Contradiction Procedure for Testing Maxims
Authors: Kaplan Shawn D.
Published: March 2011

Emerging from the growing swell of recent literature concerning Kant's practical philosophy, one interpretation of his procedure for testing maxims has crested above others. The influential interpretation to which I refer believes that the categorical imperative guides a procedure that finds maxims impermissible when they cannot be universalized without producing a 'practical' contradiction. As a major proponent of the practical contradiction interpretation, Christine Korsgaard claims that, while there is textual support for this point of view, she is more concerned with developing a defensible interpretation of maxim testing for a ‘Kantian’ system of morality. Accordingly, one cannot simply attempt to evaluate such a theory solely by considering its various incongruities with Kant's specific claims and arguments. Instead, my evaluation of the practical contradiction interpretation will examine: (a) whether it is a procedure that is applicable to a full range of maxims; (b) whether it maintains a distinct advantage over the alternative readings; and (c) whether it is an internally coherent and consistent model for testing maxims. I propose, here, that regardless of the practical contradiction test's many advantages, it fails with regard to all three of these questions.
Empirical Consciousness Explained: Self-Affection, (Self-)Consciousness and Perception in the B Deduction
Authors: Dyck Corey W.
Published: March 2011

Few of Kant's doctrines are as difficult to understand as that of self-affection. Its brief career in the published literature consists principally in its unheralded introduction in the Transcendental Aesthetic and unexpected reappearance at a key moment in the Deduction chapter in the second (B) edition of the firstCritique. After blazing its trail, self-affection retreats into the background, with a discussion befitting its importance occurring only in the unfinishedOpus postumum. This step out of the limelight, however, belies the doctrine's continued importance for Kant; indeed, Kant seemed to think that in self-affection was to be found the key to the project that occupied him in his last years. Thus, ‘the possibility of the transition from the metaphysical foundations of natural science to physics does not consist in the fact that the subject is empirically affected but rather that it affects itself’ (Opus postumum, 22: 405). As he continued to struggle with this doctrine and with the pivot-point on which to work this vital transition, Kant himself would surely come to rue his confident statement in the B Deduction: ‘I do not see how one can find so many difficulties in the fact that inner sense is affected by ourselves’ (B156n).
Metaphysical Dogmatism, Humean Scepticism, Kantian Criticism
Authors: Stern Robert
Published: March 2011

In this article, I want to argue that scepticism for Kant must be seen in ancient and not just modern terms, and that if we take this into account we will need to take a different view of Kant's response to Hume from the one that is standardly presented in the literature. This standard view has been put forward recently by Paul Guyer, and it is therefore his view that I want to look at in some detail, and to try to correct.
Commentary on Susan Meld Shell's ‘Kant on Just War and “Unjust Enemies”: Reflections on a “Pleonasm“’
Authors: Cavallar Georg
Published: March 2011

In her essay (in Kantian Review 10 (2005), 82–111), Shell wants to demonstrate that 1. Kant's theory of the right of nations ‘can furnish us with some much needed practical help and guidance’, and 2. ‘Kant is less averse to the use of force, including resort to pre-emptive war… than he is often taken to be’ (p. 82). The first claim is unconvincing. The second one is in need of clarification. Shell turns Kant into a kind of realist and just-war theorist, into a liberal who is prejudiced against illiberal regimes. In the end, her Kant is closer to Locke, Vattel and other early liberal international lawyers than to himself. Almost all that is unique in Kant's theory of the right of nations gets lost. In this, Shell follows a general trend among some Kant interpreters: the interpretation is only loosely based on Kant; it claims to follow his ‘spirit’ and offers creative ‘Kantian perspectives’. Amidst interpretational creativity, Kant's texts more or less disappear in the mist.
Iron biofortification of maize grain
Authors: Hoekenga Owen A. , Lung'aho Mercy G. , Tako Elad , Kochian Leon V. , Glahn Raymond P.
Published: March 2011

Mineral nutrient deficiencies are a worldwide problem that is directly correlated with poverty and food insecurity. The most common of these is iron deficiency; more than one-third of the world's population suffer from iron deficiency-induced anaemia, 80% of which are in developing countries. The consequences of iron deficiency include increased mortality and morbidity rates, diminished cognitive abilities in children and reduced labour productivity, which in turn stagnates national development. The developed world has made tremendous success in alleviating nutrient deficiencies through dietary diversification, food product fortification, improved public health care and supplementation. In developing countries, these strategies are often expensive and difficult to sustain, especially in rural areas. The rural poor typically consume what they grow and are dependent upon a small number of staple crops for the vast majority of their nutrition. Therefore, genetic improvement of staple crops (biofortification) is the most cost-effective and sustainable solution to this global health problem. In this study, we describe a strategy to enhance iron nutritional quality in maize using a human cell culture (Caco-2)-based bioassay as a phenotyping tool to guide genetic analysis of the trait. We also report validation of this approach using an animal feeding study.
Long terminal repeat retrotransposon Jeli provides multiple genetic markers for common wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Melnikova Nataliya V. , Konovalov Fedor A. , Kudryavtsev Alexander M.
Published: March 2011

The recombinant inbred line mapping population Opata85 × Synthetic W7984 was used to map Jeli long terminal repeat retrotransposon insertion sites in the hexaploid wheat genome. Sequence-specific amplified polymorphism technique was applied to reveal Jeli insertions. Jeli was found to provide multiple genetic markers for common wheat. Our marker system revealed A-genome Jeli insertions, and therefore can be used for targeted analysis of the A genome.
Performance study of an inverse class E power amplifier with series tunable parallel resonant tank
Authors: Cao Tao , He Songbai , You Fei
Published: March 2011

An analysis of operation of a modified inverse class E power amplifier is presented. The proposed amplifier that has a series tunable parallel resonant tank is similar to a hybrid of class F and inverse class E. The principles and design equations required to determine the optimum operation of the amplifier are analyzed in detail. The practical circuit using LDMOS MRF21010 is shown to be able to deliver 40.02 dBm outpout power at 155 MHz. The amplifier achieves power-added efficiency (PAE) of 78.18% and drain efficiency of 78.42%, and exhibits 25.02 dB power gain when operates from a 21 V supply voltage. Comparisons of simulated and measured results are given with good agreement between them being achieved.
Dynamic multipath mitigation applying unscented Kalman filters in local positioning systems
Authors: Nowak Thorsten , Eidloth Andreas
Published: March 2011

Multipath propagation is still one of the major problems in local positioning systems today. Especially in indoor environments, the received signals are disturbed by blockages and reflections. This can lead to a large bias in the user's time-of-arrival (TOA) value. Thus multipath is the most dominant error source for positioning. In order to improve the positioning performance in multipath environments, recent multipath mitigation algorithms based upon the concept of sequential Bayesian estimation are used. The presented approach tries to overcome the multipath problem by estimating the channel dynamics, using unscented Kalman filters (UKF). Simulations on artificial and measured channels from indoor as well as outdoor environments show the profit of the proposed estimator model. Furthermore, the quality of channel estimation applying the UKF and the channel sounding capabilities of the estimator are shown.
Fully integrated 60 GHz transceiver in SiGe BiCMOS, RF modules, and 3.6 Gbit/s OFDM data transmission
Authors: Glisic Srdjan , Scheytt J. Christoph , Sun Yaoming , Herzel Frank , Wang Ruoyu , Schmalz Klaus , Elkhouly Mohamed , Choi Chang-Soon
Published: March 2011

A fully integrated transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) front-end chipset, produced in 0.25 µm SiGe:C bipolar and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (BiCMOS) technology, is presented. The front-end is intended for high-speed wireless communication in the unlicensed ISM band of 9 GHz around 60 GHz. The TXand RX features a modified heterodyne topology with a sliding intermediate frequency. The TX features a 12 GHz in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) mixer, an intermediate frequency (IF) amplifier, a phase-locked loop, a 60 GHz mixer, an image-rejection filter, and a power amplifier. The RX features a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a 60 GHz mixer, a phase-locked loop (PLL), and an IF demodulator. The measured 1-dB compression point at the TX output is 12.6 dBm and the saturated power is 16.2 dBm. The LNA has measured noise figure of 6.5 dB at 60 GHz. Error-free data transmission with a 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal and data rate of 3.6 Gbit/s (without coding 4.8 Gbit/s) over 15 m was demonstrated. This is the best reported result regarding both the data rate and transmission distance in SiGe and CMOS without beamforming.
Italie
Authors: Castiglioni C.
Published: March 2011

Dès que la guerre fut déclarée, la présidence du Comité central de Milan prévint les comités italiens de se préparer à secourir les militaires blessés et malades, suivant le but de l'institution et selon les moyens dont ils pouvaient disposer. Les membres du Comité central, ainsi que le Comité des dames, furent aussitôt convoqués, pour coopérer aux travaux de l'œuvre et donner à la présidence le mandat exigé par les circonstances.
Les associations de dames allemandes sous la Croix Rouge
Authors: Humbert Edouard
Published: March 2011

Savant de mérite, philanthrope connu, estimé au loin comme dans son pays, M. le Dr Hahn était qualifié entre tous pour donner une juste idée des associations de dames charitables, pour en faire connaître l'origine, le développement, l'organisation, les forces. Son livre, dédié à LL. MM. le roi et la reine de Wurtemberg, a vu le jour en août 1870.
L'ambassade japonaise
Authors: Humbert Aimé
Published: March 2011

Le Comité international s'est déjà souvent occupé de propager la Croix rouge hors des limites de l'Europe, et, depuis quelque temps en particulier, sa sollicitude s'est portée vers ce champ de travail d'une maniére plus spéciale.
Expédition d'atchin
Authors: de Stuers Général
Published: March 2011

Les complications continuelles qui ont surgi depuis de longues années entre le gouvernement des Indes-Orientales néerlandaises et le sultan d'Atchin ayant atteint un degré de gravité extraordinaire, ont forcé le gouvernement à recourir enfin aux armes, malgré les dispositions pacifiques qui l'animaient.
Personnel du comité central
Authors: Fr. de Kriegern-Thumitz
Published: March 2011

Le soussigné a l'honneur de communiquer au Comité internanational de secours aux militaires blessés, que la Direction de la Société de secours aux blessés du royaume de Saxe vient d'être constituée à nouveau, ensuite d'élections statutaires. Elle se compose actuellement des personnes suivantes : Président, le soussigné ; vice-président, le conseiller médical Dr Findler; premier secrétaire, M. le chambellan major de Unger ; second secrétaire, M. Jules Pilz; trésorier, le banquier Otto Harlan.
Personnel du comité central
Authors: de Ron F. , Leijonhufvud A.-C.
Published: March 2011

Le Comité central suédois a l'honneur de faire savoir aux Associations internationales de secours aux militaires blessés et malades que, par suite du décès de notre auguste Président, S. A. R. le due de Dalécarlie, décès d'autant plus douloureux que Son Altesse Royale s'intéressait de cœur à nos travaux, le Comité m'a confié la charge de Président de l'Œuvre, celle de Vice-Président à M. le major-général D.-W. Silfverstolpe, et celle de Secrétaire à M. le lieutenant d'artillerie F. de Ron, remplacant M. le capilaine C. Abenius, empêché désormais de remplir ces fonctions.
Les blessés espagnols
Authors: Sérurier Comte
Published: March 2011

J'ai l'honneur de vous donner communication des actes du Comité central de secours aux blessés espagnols, depuis la dernière lettre qui vous a été adressée en son nom et que vous avez publiée dans votre Bulletin de juillet 1874.
Le principe de la Convention de Genève et les Sociétés nationales de secours
Authors: Odier E.
Published: March 2011

Le principe fondamental inauguré par la Convention de Genève et qui lui appartient en propre, est la déclaration de neutralité du soin des blessés et malades en temps de guerre.
Flotille du Danube
Authors: baron von der Recke W.
Published: March 2011

Le but principal des efforts philanthropiques des Sociétés de la Croix rouge est évidemment la conservation de la vie des soldats blessés ou malades, et, le moment venu, la première question qui se présente est celle-ci : Quel est le moyen le plus facile d'atteindre ce but?
Circulaire de la Société Ottomane
Authors: Foster M. H. , Arif  , Bey Feridoun
Published: March 2011

La Société ottomane de secours aux blessés militaires, fondée sur les bases de la Convention internationale de Genève du 22 août 1864, réunie en assemblée générale à Constantinople le 16 avril 1877, a precédé à la formation de son Bureau.
L'Institut de droit international et la guerre d'Orient
Authors: De Parieu E. , Bluntschli J.-C. , Asser T. M. C. , Rolin-Jaequemyns G.
Published: March 2011

L'institut de droit international, réuni en session ordinaire à Zurich, déclare qu'il approuve et ratifle, de la manière la plus complète, «l'Appel aux belligérants et a la presse» publié en son nom par son bureau, sous la date du 28 mai dernier.
Présidence du Comité central
Authors: Berg Peter
Published: March 2011

C'est avec grand regret que nous avous l'honneur de vous communiquer que le ministre d'Etat Stang, président de notre direction depuis 1866, alors qu'il invita ses compatriotes à s'associer au Comité norwégien de secours aux militaires blessés, a été obligé de renoncer à ses fonctions à cause de sa santé affaiblie.
Le Président Gustav von Lind
Authors: Hirsch
Published: March 2011

Le Comité de la Société de Hambourg pour le soin des militaires blessés et malades a l'honneur d'informer le Comité international de la Croix rouge de la mort du vénérable M. Gustav von Lind qui, depuis tant d'années, l'a si vaillamment présidé.
Les enseignements de la guerre de 1877–78, applicables a l'assistance des malades et des blessés
Authors: Prozor Comte Maurice
Published: March 2011

Dans les chapitres précédents, nous nous sommes joint au vénérable docteur dont la Russie vient de célébrer le jubilé scientifique; nous avons visité avec lui le théâtre des plus grands efforts qui aient peut-être jamais été faits pour venir au secours des victimes de la guerre. Nous voici arrivés à l'examen de l'OEuvre même, dans laquelle ces efforts se sont concentrés. Quelque précieux que soit le guide que nous avons choisi pour cette étude sommaire, nous ne saurions négliger les autres sources où il nous est donné de puiser les aperçus qu'éveille le spectacle de cette féconde activité: les comptes rendus de cette Société qui a fait entrer la nation entière dans son réseau, et servi de manifestation à des forces généreuses, intéressantes à étudier à plus d'un point de vue.
Ajournement de la Conférence de la Croix Rouge
Authors: Sigart F , Renard
Published: March 2011

Nous regrettons vivement de ne pas pouvoir donner suite au. projet que nous avions formé de réunir à Bruxelles, pendant l'Exposition d'hygiène et de sauvetage, une Conférence intime des délégués des diverses sociétés de secours aux blessés.
La Société serbe pendant la guerre contre les Turcs
Authors: Simitch Georges-S
Published: March 2011

Vous nous avez fait l'honneur de nous demander des renseignements sur le travail de la Société serbe de la Croix rouge, depuis le début de la guerre et sur ce qu'ont fait les Sociétés européennes de la Croix rouge pour les blessés serbes.
Décret
Authors: de Magalhaes José Maria
Published: March 2011

A la requête, faite devant nous, par le général de division José Maria Baldy, agissant en qualité de président de la Société formée à Lisbonne sous le nom de Commission portugaise de secours aux militaires blessés et malades en temps de guerre, et au nom des généraux de brigade Augusto-Xavier Palmeirin et baron de Wiederhold, du conseiller Bernardino Antonio Gomes, du médecin de notre chambre royale Dr Jean José de Simas, membres fondateurs, et du chirurgien de brigade Dr José Antonio Marques, secrétaire, — pour que cette Commission soit reconnue comme ayant une existence légale
L'œuvre des sociétés de secours dans les guerres maritimes
Authors: Sydow R. V.
Published: March 2011

Aujourd'hui, jour de la fête de S. M. la reine, son auguste protectrice, le Comité central prussien de secours aux militaires blessés et malades, est à même de faire la publication suivante
Manuel du chirurgien Par J.-H. Porter
Authors: D'Espine H.-A.
Published: March 2011

Le manuel de chirurgie mililaire du Dr Porter est un charmant petit livre de poche, orné de gravures dans le texte, d'une impression élégante et nette, qui permet de le parcourir facilement.
Rapport de la Société danoise pour 1876
Authors: Thomsen
Published: March 2011

Le Comité central de la Société danoise a transmis au Comité international le rapport suivant, qui complète, à la date du 28 avril dernier, le premier compte rendu sur l'activité de cette Société.
Bandages dits transport-rotang
Authors: L. A.
Published: March 2011

C'est en 1879, dans l'intérieur du pays de Palembang, à Tebing Tinggie (ile de Sumatra) lors de la guerre d'Atchin, que M. de Mooy a appliqué pour la première fois le bandage de son invention. Le rotang, dit-il dans la brochure qu'il nous envoie, est une sorte de jonc ou roseau flexible et durable. Les bandages de rotang, destinés aux fractures des différents membres comprennent une série d'appareils adaptés à chacun.
La Société Serbe pendant la guerre contre la bulgarie
Authors: Simitch G.-S.
Published: March 2011

Lorsque nous eûmes l'honneur de vous adresser notre rapport du 30 novembre dernier, notre Société se trouvait en pleine activité, causée par le commencement des hostilités entre les armées serbe et bulgare et par l'arrivée des premiers blessés à Belgrade.
La Conférence de Carlsruhe
Authors: Odier E.
Published: March 2011

Ea attendant que paraisse le compte rendu officiel de la Conférence de Carlsruhe, il ne sera pas sans intérêt pour nos lecteurs d'avoir un résumé succinct des travaux de la quatrième réunion des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge.
Décès du Colonel Camille Favre, vice-président du Comité Central
Authors: Ador Gustave
Published: March 2011

Nous avons la douleur de vous faire part de la grande perte que nous venons d'éprouver en la personne de notre vice-président, Monsieur le Colonel Camille Favre, décédé subitement le 10 janvier, dans sa soixante-neuvième année.
Félicitations à I'occasion du cinquantenaire de la Croix-Rouge
Authors: Gouttes Paul Des
Published: March 2011

Sous le titre : Il y a cinquante ans, nous avons rappelé que, du 26 au 29 octobre 1863, s'était réuni à Genève la Conférence internationale qui a fondé l'institution de la Croix-Rouge.
Assistance aux blessés de la guerre. Enseignements sur la guerre des Balkans par le médecin général Dr Georg Körting
Authors: Ferrière
Published: March 2011

L'auteur, dans une étude très documentée de la Deutsche Revue constate que les hostilités dans les Balkans, malgré l'organisation sanitaire nettement insuffisante de ces pays, peut-être, aussi, en raison même de cet état de choses, a comporté plus d'un enseignement pour l'avenir. L'action des organismes sanitaires de l'armée a dû, dans chacune des cinq armées belligérantes, être fortement appuyée par les secours volontaires et, en arriére du front, être partout assurée par la seule intervention des sociétés des Croix-Rouges étrangères.
Décès du Marquis de Polavieja président du Comité central
Authors: Criado Y Dominguez Juan P.
Published: March 2011

Nous recevons, au moment de mettre sous presse, la triste nouvelle que nous apporte la lettre suivante et, en attendant de pouvoir parler de l'utile carrière du défunt, comme président de la Croix-Rouge espagnole,, nous nous associons de grand cœur au chagrin de ses collègues et prenons une part directe à la grande perte que subit la Croix-Rouge espagnole.
Croix-Rouge et armée
Authors: Weyler
Published: March 2011

Poursuivant notre étude sur les relations officielles entre la Croix-Rouge et l'armée, nous publions aujourd'hui le règlement espagnol régissant ces rapports pour la guerre sur terre. Nous avons déjà publié les dispositions fixant ces rapports en cas de guerre sur mer.
On the base flow recession at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, United States
Authors: Wang Dingbao
Published: March 2011

There are two types of nonlinearity for recession slope curves: (1) the data cloud of observed ln(–dQ/dt) versus ln(Q) along a straight line where the slope is not equal to 1, and (2) the data cloud of observed ln(–dQ/dt) versus ln(Q) is concave or convex. From the 0.1 ha hillslope, the 10 ha headwater subwatershed, and the 41 ha watershed at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW), the observed ln(–dQ/dt) versus ln(Q) changes from convex to concave. This has been explained by the spatial heterogeneity of recession properties and nonlinearity of hillslope hydraulics. Hillslope bedrock leakage and return flow to the perennial riparian zone aquifer are important factors affecting the ln(–dQ/dt) versus ln(Q) relations, and an assessment of this mechanism for explaining the observed base flow recessions at the PMRW is the sole focus of this research. As a result, the lower envelope and the upper envelope should be used to estimate the recession parameters for the 0.1 ha hillslope and the 41 ha watershed, respectively, and the recession at the 10 ha watershed is a mixture of them. Based on the recession analysis, the leakage to the bedrock on the hillslope and return flow to the perennial stream riparian groundwater can be estimated, and the estimation can be verified by other studies.
Modeling long-range interactions across the visual field in stereo correspondence
Authors: Read Jenny
Published: March 2011

When the eyes are converged, most objects in the visual scene will have a significant vertical disparity as measured at the retina. The pattern of vertical disparity across the retina is largely independent of object depth, depending mainly on the particular eye position adopted. Recently, Phillipson and Read (2010, European Journal of Neuroscience, doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07454.x) showed that humans are better at achieving stereo correspondence when the vertical disparity field indicated infinite viewing distance, even when the physical viewing distance was just 30cm. They interpreted this as indicating that disparity encoding is optimized for long viewing distances, and is not updated to reflect changes in eye posture. Their results also indicated a significant effect of the visual periphery. Performance was better when the vertical disparity across the entire visual field was consistent with a given binocular eye position – even when this was not the eye position actually adopted – than when the vertical disparity beyond 20o eccentricity indicated a different eye position than that within 20o eccentricity. This is a surprising result, since (i) the task was to detect a target 8o in diameter, extending from 10o to 18o eccentricity, so information beyond 20o was completely irrelevant to the task, and (ii) many previous results indicate that the visual system detects and uses vertical disparity in local regions, even when the global vertical disparity field is not consistent with any single binocular eye position. Here, I show that this effect can be explained by a template-matching model in which the response of a population of disparity-detectors is compared with stored templates of the response expected to stimuli of known disparity.
LifeWatch – A European e-Science and observatory infrastructure supporting access and use of biodiversity and ecosystem data
Authors: Frenzel Mark , Klotz Stefan , Hardisty Alex , Banki Olaf
Published: March 2011

There are many promising earth and biodiversity-monitoring projects underway across the globe, but they often operate in information islands, unable easily to share data with others. This is not convenient: It is a barrier to scientists collaborating on complex, cross-disciplinary projects which is an essential nature of biodiversity research.LifeWatch (www.lifewatch.eu) is an ESFRI (European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures) initiative which has just entered its construction phase. It is aiming at new ways of collaboration, in an open-access research environment to solve complex societal and scientific questions on biodiversity and ecosystems. It installs a range of new services and tools to help the researchers communicate, share data, create models, analyze results, manage projects and organize the community. The power of LifeWatch comes from linking all kinds of biodiversity related databases (e.g. collections, long-term monitoring data) to tools for analysis and modeling, opening entirely new avenues for research with the potential for new targeted data generation. At this level the interface with national data repositories becomes most important, as this opens the opportunity for users to gain advantage from data availability on the European level. LifeWatch will provide common methods to discover, access, and develop available and new data, analytical capabilities, and to catalog everything, to track citation and re-use of data, to annotate, and to keep the system secure. This includes computing tool-kits for researchers: for instance, an interoperable computing environment for statistical analysis, cutting-edge software to manage the workflow in scientific projects, and access to new or existing computing resources. The result: ‘e-laboratories’ or virtual labs, through which researchers distributed across countries, time zones and disciplines can collaborate. With emphasis on the open sharing of data and workflows (and associated provenance information) the infrastructure allows scientists to create e-laboratories across multiple organizations, controlling access where necessary.