bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co-Occurrence-Based Error Correction Approach to Word Segmentation
Authors: Chaowicharat Ekawat , Naruedomkul Kanlaya
Published: February 2012

A number of word segmentation algorithms have been offered in the past; however, there is still room for improvement. Co-occurrence-Based Error Correction (CBEC), the proposed approach in this chapter, is a novel Thai word segmentation approach that was designed to provide accurate segmentation results based on context and purpose. CBEC quickly segments the input string using any available algorithm; maximal matching was used in the experiment. Next, CBEC checks its segmentation output against an error risk data bank to determine if there is any error risk. The error risk data bank is developed based on a training corpus. The current version of the error risk bank was based on the training corpus available at BEST 2009. Then, CBEC re-segments the input string using the co-occurrence score of the word sequence to ensure the accuracy of the segmentation result.
Modeling Design Patterns for Semi-Automatic Reuse in System Design
Authors: Shlezinger Galia , Reinhartz-Berger Iris , Dori Dov
Published: February 2012

Design patterns provide reusable solutions for recurring design problems. They constitute an important tool for improving software quality. However, correct usage of design patterns depends to a large extent on the designer. Design patterns often include models that describe the suggested solutions, while other aspects of the patterns are neglected or described informally only in text. Furthermore, design pattern solutions are usually described in an object-oriented fashion that is too close to the implementation, masking the essence of and motivation behind a particular design pattern. We suggest an approach to modeling the different aspects of design patterns and semi-automatically utilizing these models to improve software design. Evaluating our approach on commonly used design patterns and a case study of an automatic application for composing, taking, checking, and grading analysis and design exams, we found that the suggested approach successfully locates the main design problems modeled by the selected design patterns.
Antecedents of the Closeness of Human-Avatar Relationships in a Virtual World
Authors: Zhao Yi , Wang Weiquan , Zhu Yan
Published: February 2012

Virtual worlds (e.g., Second Life), where users interact and form relationships with other users’ virtual identities represented by avatars (i.e., human-avatar relationships), are increasingly influential in today’s businesses and society. Nevertheless, the sustainability and impact of virtual worlds depend largely on the closeness of human-avatar relationships. This study investigates the antecedents of the closeness of such relationships. The authors conceptualize human-avatar relationship closeness as composed of interaction frequency, activity diversity, and relational influence. They identify its antecedents (perceived needs fulfillment, relationship irreplaceableness, and resource investment) by extending Rusbult’s investment model of interpersonal relationship commitment to the domain of human-computer interaction. The authors test the hypotheses through an online survey of Second Life users and find that (1) resource investment is positively associated with all three human-avatar relationship closeness dimensions; (2) needs fulfillment is positively associated with interaction frequency and relational influence; and (3) relationship irreplaceableness is positively associated with relational influence.
Antecedents of Online Game Dependency
Authors: Chen Kaunchin , Chen Jengchung V. , Ross William H.
Published: February 2012

Massively Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG) dependency has been widely studied but research results suggest inconclusive antecedent causes. This study proposes and empirically tests three predictive models of MMOG dependency using a survey of online gaming participants. It finds multimedia realism for social interaction serves as an original antecedent factor affecting other mediating factors to cause MMOG dependency. These mediating factors derive from Uses and Gratifications theory and include: (1) participation in a virtual community, (2) diversion from everyday life, and (3) a pleasant aesthetic experience. Of these, participation in a virtual community has a strong positive relationship with MMOG dependency, and aesthetics has a modest negative relationship. Moderator analyses suggest neither gender nor “frequency of game playing” are significant but experience playing online games is a significant moderating factor of MMOG dependency.
Assigning Ontological Meaning to Workflow Nets
Authors: Soffer Pnina , Kaner Maya , Wand Yair
Published: February 2012

A common way to represent organizational domains is the use of business process models. A Workflow-net (WF-net) is an application of Petri Nets (with additional rules) that model business process behavior. However, the use of WF-nets to model business processes has some shortcomings. In particular, no rules exist beyond the general constraints of WF-nets to guide the mapping of an actual process into a net. Syntactically correct WF-nets may provide meaningful models of how organizations conduct their business processes. Moreover, the processes represented by these nets may not be feasible to execute or reach their business goals when executed. In this paper, the authors propose a set of rules for mapping the domain in which a process operates into a WF-net, which they derived by attaching ontological semantics to WF-nets. The rules guide the construction of WF-nets, which are meaningful in that their nodes and transitions are directly related to the modeled (business) domains. Furthermore, the proposed semantics imposes on the process models constraints that guide the development of valid process models, namely, models that assure that the process can accomplish its goal when executed.
Matching Attributes across Overlapping Heterogeneous Data Sources Using Mutual Information
Authors: Zhao Huimin
Published: February 2012

Identifying matching attributes across heterogeneous data sources is a critical and time-consuming step in integrating the data sources. In this paper, the author proposes a method for matching the most frequently encountered types of attributes across overlapping heterogeneous data sources. The author uses mutual information as a unified measure of dependence on various types of attributes. An example is used to demonstrate the utility of the proposed method, which is useful in developing practical attribute matching tools.
Designing a Secure Cloud Architecture
Authors: Baars Thijs , Spruit Marco
Published: February 2012

Security issues are paramount when considering adoption of any cloud technology. This article proposes the Secure Cloud Architecture (SeCA) model on the basis of data classifications which defines a properly secure cloud architecture by testing the cloud environment on eight attributes. The SeCA model is developed using a literature review and a Delphi study with seventeen experts, consisting of three rounds. The authors integrate the CI3A—an extension on the CIA-triad—to create a basic framework for testing the classification inputted. The data classification is then tested on regional, geo-spatial, delivery, deployment, governance and compliance, network, premise and encryption attributes. After this testing has been executed, a specification for a secure cloud architecture is outputted.
Towards Usable Application-Oriented Access Controls
Authors: Schreuders Z. Cliffe , McGill Tanya , Payne Christian
Published: February 2012

A number of security mechanisms are available for improving the security of systems by restricting the actions of individual programs to activities that are authorised. However, configuring these systems to enforce end users’ own security goals is often beyond their expertise. Little research has investigated the usability issues associated with application-oriented access controls. This paper presents the results of a qualitative analysis of user perceptions of the usability of three application-oriented security systems: SELinux, AppArmor, and FBAC-LSM. Qualitative analysis identified a number of factors that affect the usability of application-restriction mechanisms. These themes are used to compare the usability of the three systems studied, and it is proposed that these factors can be used to inform the design of new systems and development of existing ones. Changes to the three security systems are also proposed to address or mitigate specific usability issues that were identified.
Schipperen tussen twee rijken: Q en het Romeinse gezag
Authors: Grundeken Mark R.C.
Published: February 2012

Compromising between two powers: Q and the Roman Empire. The study underlying this article investigated the attitude of Sayings Source Q towards the Roman authorities and their representatives. It primarily aimed at contributing to scholarly discussions on the relationships between early Christianity and the Roman Empire, but it also attempted to put the research in a broader context of present-day discussions on the issue of ‘church and state’. The first part of the study dealt with Q’s views on the government. The second part studied Q’s views on the emperor cult. The third and final part aimed at putting Q’s views on the authorities and on the veneration of the emperor in the right context. It concluded that Q compromises between idealism and realism. Its attitude towards the government is quite hostile. It portrays worldly power as demonic (Q 4:5–6; 11:18, 20), it regards God as the only true Lord of heaven and earth (Q 10:21) and rejects the legitimacy of the imperial cult (Q 4:5–8). It fully focuses on the completion of the kingdom of God (Q 6:20; 7:28; 10:9; 11:2b). Yet, as a relatively small community (Q 10:2), the Q people seem to have realised that there was no point in standing up against the Roman authorities and their representatives. Q’s propagated views on Roman power are not characterised by active resistance, but by passive dissidence (Q 6:22–23, 27–32; 12:4–5). Within the context of the Roman Empire, it was better to be a realist than a revolutionist.
A Pilot Test of the Latin Active Hip Hop Intervention to Increase Physical Activity among Low-Income Mexican-American Adolescents
Authors: Romero Andrea J.
Published: February 2012

Purpose.

The primary purpose of the current study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a hip hop dance intervention, Latin Active, among low-income Mexican-American adolescents. Mexican-descent adolescents tend to have disproportionate rates of low physical activity, overweight status, and obesity.

Design.

A 5-week intervention design with pretest and post-test self-report measures.

Setting.

Charter middle school (grades 6–9) health/science classes in a low-income neighborhood were the setting for the Latin Active intervention.

Participants.

Overall, 81 participants were recruited; 73 (n = 41, female; n = 32, male) provided active parental consent to complete pretest/post-test surveys.

Intervention.

The Latin Active program included 10 interactive 50-minute lessons that were delivered twice a week during science/health classes. The curriculum was created on the basis of Social Cognitive Theory, Critical Hip Hop Pedagogy, and feedback from key stakeholders. The lessons focused on increasing physical activity as well as neighborhood barriers.

Measures.

The self-report pretest (n = 73) and post-test (n = 56) surveys included measures for frequency of vigorous physical activity, self-efficacy, and neighborhood barriers.

Analysis.

Paired-sample t-test analyses were conducted to assess mean differences from pretest to post-test results for intervention outcomes by gender.

Results.

The Latin Active program (with 77% retention at post-test) significantly increased vigorous physical activity and dance (p < . 05) and increased self-efficacy (p < . 05) among girls, and it decreased perception of neighborhood barriers (p < . 05) among boys.

Conclusion.

A hip hop physical activity program, Latin Active demonstrated preliminary efficacy to increase girl's vigorous physical activity and boy's perception of neighborhood barriers to physical activity. Future research will need to use a randomized, controlled design and investigate the effect of the program on measures of body mass index.
Effects of a Culturally Tailored Physical Activity Promotion Program on Selected Self-Regulation Skills and Attitudes in Adolescents of an Underserved, Multiethnic Milieu
Authors: Laberge Suzanne , Bush Paula Louise , Chagnon Miguel
Published: February 2012

Purpose.

To implement a culturally tailored physical activity (PA) promotion program (FunAction) and to assess its impact on five self-regulation skills and attitudes in adolescents.

Design.

The design and implementation of the FunAction program were informed by social marketing principles. The study used a quasi-experimental approach to assess the impact of the program on specific outcome variables.

Setting.

A multiethnic, underserved middle school in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Subjects.

The intervention group was made up of grade 8 students (n = 165) and the control group was made up of grade 7 students (n = 137).

Intervention.

During the 16-week intervention, adolescents were able to choose from a variety of 45-minute cardiovascular PAs offered daily during their school lunch period. Adolescents participated in the activities on a voluntary basis.

Measures.

A self-report questionnaire was administered preintervention and postintervention to measure adolescents' scores on the following self-regulation skills and attitudes: self control, self-esteem, attention/concentration, social competence, and interethnic relationships.

Analysis.

Three-way repeated measures analyses of variance and correlational analyses were used.

Results.

A significant improvement was observed only in attention/concentration. Girls' attention/concentration scores improved significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group (F1,127 = 16.26, p < .001). The improvement in attention/concentration scores for boys in the intervention group was correlated with their frequency of participation in the program PAs (r = .24, p = .008).

Conclusion.

Using social marketing principles can help encourage adolescents from underserved, multiethnic milieus to participate in PA during their school lunch hour. Furthermore, voluntary participation in a culturally tailored PA program can improve youths' attention/concentration.
Small Changes Approach Promotes Initial and Continued Weight Loss with a Phone-Based Follow-Up: Nine-Month Outcomes from ASPIRES II
Authors: Lutes Lesley D. , Daiss Suzanne R. , Barger Steven D. , Read Margaret , Steinbaugh Emily , Winett Richard A.
Published: February 2012

Purpose.

To examine the impact of a small-changes weight loss program across a 3-month intervention followed by a 6-month follow-up program.

Design.

A one-group pre-post intervention study.

Setting.

Medium-sized Southwestern university.

Participants.

Twenty-five obese adult women (mean body mass index [BMI] = 31.8 kg/m2, standard deviation [SD] = 4.9).

Intervention.

Participants were asked to choose and adopt small changes in their diet and physical activity relative to baseline during weekly group-based meetings over 3 months. Participants then received bi-weekly phone calls across a 6-month follow-up period.

Measures.

Weight change was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included waist circumference, daily step count, and caloric intake.

Analyses.

Intention-to-treat analysis of change from baseline and completers-only analysis (n = 22) for secondary outcomes.

Results.

Participants achieved clinically significant weight loss (mean [M] = − 3.2 kg standard error [SE] = .47 kg p < .001) across the initial small changes treatment program. Moreover, participants continued to lose weight across the 6-month phone-based follow-up program (M = − 2.1 kg SE = .83 kg, p < .017), totaling > 5% weight loss across the 9-month program (M = 5.3 kg SE= 1.1 kg, p < .001).

Conclusion.

Using a small changes approach, participants achieved weight loss in an initial group-based program, which continued with minimal phone-based follow-up. Larger randomized studies comparing a small changes approach to traditional obesity treatment are warranted.
Medical Cost Savings for Participants and Nonparticipants in Health Risk Assessments, Lifestyle Management, Disease Management, Depression Management, and Nurseline in a Large Financial Services Corporation
Authors: Serxner Seth , Alberti Angela , Weinberger Sarah
Published: February 2012

Purpose.

To compare changes in medical costs between participants and nonparticipants in five different health and productivity management (HPM) programs.

Design.

Quasi-experimental pre/post intervention study.

Setting.

A large financial services corporation.

Subjects.

A cohort population of employees enrolled in medical plans (n = 49,793).

Intervention.

A comprehensive HPM program, which addressed health risks, acute and chronic conditions, and psychosocial disorders from 2005 to 2007. Incentives were used to encourage health risk assessment participation in years 2 and 3.

Measures.

Program participation and medical claims data were collected for members at the end of each program year to assess the change in total costs from the baseline period.

Analysis.

Multivariate analyses for participation categories were conducted comparing baseline versus program year cost differences, controlling for demographics.

Results.

All participation categories yielded a lower cost increase compared to nonparticipation and a positive return on investment (ROI) for years 2 and 3, resulting in a 2.45:1 ROI for the combined program years.

Conclusion.

Medical cost savings exceeded program costs in a wide variety of health and productivity management programs by the second year.
Exploring and Reducing Stress in Young Restaurant Workers: Results of a Randomized Field Trial
Authors: Petree Robyn D. , Broome Kirk M. , Bennett Joel B.
Published: February 2012

Purpose.

Young adult restaurant workers face the dual stressors of work adjustment and managing personal responsibilities. We assessed a new psychosocial/health promotion training designed to reduce these stressors in the context of restaurant work.

Design.

A cluster-randomized trial of a training program, with surveys administered approximately 2 weeks before training and both 6 and 12 months after training.

Setting.

A national restaurant chain.

Subjects.

A total of 947 restaurant workers in 28 restaurants.

Measures.

Personal stress, exposure to problem coworkers, and personal and job characteristics.

Intervention.

Team Resilience (TR) is an interactive program for stress management, teamwork, and work-life balance. TR focuses on “five Cs” of resilience: compassion, commitment, centering community, and confidence.

Analysis.

Mixed-model (multilevel) analysis of covariances.

Results.

Compared with workers in control stores, workers in TR-trained stores showed significant reductions over time in exposure to problem coworkers (F[2, 80.60] = 4.48; p = .01) and in personal stress (F[2, 75.28] = 6.12; p = .003).

Conclusion.

The TR program may help young workers who face the challenges of emerging adulthood and work-life balance.
Translation from Research to Practice: Community Dissemination of a Telephone-Delivered Physical Activity and Dietary Behavior Change Intervention
Authors: Goode Ana D. , Owen Neville , Reeves Marina M. , Eakin Elizabeth G.
Published: February 2012

Purpose:

To describe the process of translating an evidence-based, telephone-delivered physical activity and dietary behavior change intervention from research into practice.

Design:

Descriptive case study.

Setting/Subjects:

Nongovernment, primary medical care–based community health organization.

Intervention:

Telephone-delivered intervention targeting physical activity and diet in primary medical care patients.

Measures/Analysis:

Systematic documentation of process outcomes related to intervention adoption and adaptation.

Results:

Research-community partnerships were critical in facilitating translation, including (1) an initial competitive advantage within a State Health Department–funded preventive health initiative; (2) advocacy to ensure the adoption of the intervention, (3) subsequent support for the adaptation of program elements to ensure fit of the program with the community organization's objectives and capacities, while maintaining feasible elements of fidelity with the original evidence-based program; (4) the integration of program management and evaluation systems within the community organization; and (5) ongoing support for staff members responsible for program delivery and evaluation. Preliminary process evaluation of the Optimal Health Program supports the acceptability and feasibility of the program within community practice.

Conclusions:

Intervention characteristics central to adoption can be influenced by research-community partnerships. It is likely that evidence-based interventions will need to be adapted for delivery within the real world. Researchers should endeavor to provide training and support to ensure, as much as possible, fidelity with the original program, and that the relevant adaptations are evidence based.
Improving Cancer Screening among Women with Mobility Impairments: Randomized Controlled Trial of a Participatory Workshop Intervention
Authors: Peterson Jana J. , Suzuki Rie , Walsh Emily S. , Buckley David I. , Krahn Gloria L.
Published: February 2012

Purpose.

To assess the efficacy of an intervention to promote mammography and Papanicolaou (Pap) testing among women with mobility impairments overdue for screenings

Design.

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting.

Urban and suburban Oregon.

Participants.

Women aged 35 to 64 with mobility impairments who reported not receiving a Pap test in the past 3 years and/or mammogram (if age > 40 years) in the last 2 years were eligible. A total of 211 women were randomized, and 156 completed the study (26% attrition). The majority were not employed and reported annual income <$10,000.

Intervention.

The Promoting Access to Health Services (PATHS) program is a 90-minute, small-group, participatory workshop with 6 months of structured telephone support, based on the health belief model and social cognitive theory.

Measures.

Perceived susceptibility to breast and cervical cancer, perceived benefits of and self-efficacy for screening intention to be screened, and self-reported receipt of mammography and Pap testing.

Analysis.

Chi-square tests to examine the proportion of women obtaining screening; analysis of covariance to examine change in theoretical mediators.

Results.

The intervention group received more Pap tests than the control group at posttest (intervention 61 %, control 27%, n = 71, p < .01). No significant group effect was observed for mammography (intervention 49%, control 42%, n = 125, p = .45).

Conclusion.

Findings indicate that the PATHS intervention promotes Pap testing but not mammography among women with mobility impairments.
Limited recruitment during relaxation events: Larval advection and behavior in an upwelling system
Authors: Morgan Steven G. , Fisher Jennifer L. , McAfee Skyli T. , Largier John L. , Halle Chris M.
Published: February 2012

We capitalized on a long‐term record of larval recruitment and a distinctive oceanographic signature to reveal how changes in ocean conditions affect larval advection, behavior, and recruitment in a region of strong, persistent upwelling and recruitment limitation. We repeatedly sampled the vertical and horizontal distribution of a larval assemblage and ocean conditions during infrequent relaxations of prevailing upwelling winds near Bodega Bay, California. During prolonged relaxation events, a poleward, coastal, boundary current imported low‐salinity surface waters that were devoid of larvae to the study area. The resident larval assemblage was restricted to cold, saline, bottom waters and pushed offshore while diel vertical migrations were suppressed. Hence, changes in oceanographic conditions strongly affected behaviorally mediated larval distributions, revealing the reason that few species recruit during relaxation events in this region. During relaxation events in upwelling regions, poleward coastal boundary currents will force larvae offshore throughout the water column at small headlands and in seaward‐flowing bottom currents at straight coastlines, but recruitment may decrease markedly only near estuaries where few larvae will arrive in low‐salinity surface waters. Targeted profiling of larval assemblages complements widespread monitoring of recruitment from shore and is necessary to determine how changing ocean conditions affect larval distributions, recruitment dynamics, and the connectivity of populations.
Psychometrics of the Self-Report Safe Driving Behavior Measure for Older Adults
Authors: Classen Sherrilene , Wen Pey-Shan , Velozo Craig A. , Bédard Michel , Winter Sandra M. , Brumback Babette , Lanford Desiree N.
Published: February 2012

We investigated the psychometric properties of the 68-item Safe Driving Behavior Measure (SDBM) with 80 older drivers, 80 caregivers, and 2 evaluators from two sites. Using Rasch analysis, we examined unidimensionality and local dependence; rating scale; item- and person-level psychometrics; and item hierarchy of older drivers, caregivers, and driving evaluators who had completed the SDBM. The evidence suggested the SDBM is unidimensional, but pairs of items showed local dependency. Across the three rater groups, the data showed good person (≥3.4) and item (≥3.6) separation as well as good person (≥.93) and item reliability (≥.92). Cronbach’s α was ≥.96, and few items were misfitting. Some of the items did not follow the hypothesized order of item difficulty. The SDBM classified the older drivers into six ability levels, but to fully calibrate the instrument it must be refined in terms of its items (e.g., item exclusion) and then tested among participants of lesser ability.
Effect of an Occupation-Based Cultural Heritage Intervention in Long-Term Geriatric Care: A Two-Group Control Study
Authors: Hersch Gayle , Hutchinson Shirley , Davidson Harriett , Wilson Christine , Maharaj Teresa , Watson Kathleen B.
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE. We investigated the effectiveness of an occupation-based cultural heritage intervention to facilitate adaptation to relocation into long-term care (LTC) facilities as measured by quality of life, activity engagement, and social participation.

METHOD. We used a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design with pre- and posttests. Residents receiving the cultural intervention were compared with residents in a typical activity group. Eight sessions, two per week for 4 wk, were facilitated by certified occupational therapy assistants.

RESULTS. Twenty-nine participants completed the group sessions. Quality-of-life scores improved significantly over time for both groups. Statistically, a greater percentage of time was spent in discretionary than obligatory time, pretest and posttest, with no significant difference between groups.

CONCLUSION. The study demonstrated effectiveness of a structured, occupation-based social group intervention that improved quality of life, an indicator of adaptation. It also provided a description of activity patterns and social participation of LTC residents.
Outcome Moderators of a Fatigue Management Program for People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Finlayson Marcia , Preissner Katharine , Cho Chi
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE. We determined whether age, gender, work status, or impairment moderated fatigue management program outcomes for people with multiple sclerosis (MS).

METHOD. We conducted a secondary analysis of longitudinal data from a randomized controlled trial using mixed-effects models (N = 181) and examined outcomes of fatigue impact, mental health, physical health, and self-efficacy. Measures were collected before and immediately after intervention and at 6 wk, 3 mo, and 6 mo postintervention.

RESULTS. Younger participants experienced greater reductions in fatigue impact and greater improvements in self-efficacy over time than did older participants, but we found no age differences in physical or mental health. Participants with less impairment experienced greater mental health gains and were more likely to retain these gains over time than were participants with greater impairment. Although women experienced greater fatigue impact benefits, men experienced greater mental health benefits. Work status did not moderate outcomes.

CONCLUSION. Fatigue management program outcomes for people with MS are moderated by age, gender, and impairment.
Impact of Vision Impairment on Intensity of Occupational Therapy Utilization and Outcomes in Subacute Rehabilitation
Authors: Cimarolli Verena R. , Morse Alan R. , Horowitz Amy , Reinhardt Joann P.
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE. To examine whether vision impairment is a predictor of intensity of occupational therapy utilization and outcomes in a sample of older adults ages ≥55 receiving subacute rehabilitation in a long-term care setting.

METHOD. Data for this cohort study were collected by means of structured, in-person interviews with 100 older adult rehabilitation patients at admission to a subacute unit in a long-term care facility and by medical chart review after discharge.

RESULTS. Regression analyses indicated that after controlling for sociodemographic, health, and social support variables, worse contrast sensitivity was a significant predictor of decreased time in occupational therapy, and worse visual acuity was a significant predictor of higher functional dependency at discharge.

CONCLUSION. Vision impairment may prevent full use of occupational therapy and hinder occupational therapy efficacy in subacute care settings. Study findings underscore the importance of developing low vision rehabilitation interventions that can be delivered in conjunction with more traditional subacute rehabilitation.
State of Mental Health Research in the American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2008–2011
Authors: Gutman Sharon A.
Published: February 2012

In this article, I examine the state of mental health research in the American Journal of Occupational Therapy from 2008 to 2011. Although other practice areas have seen an increase in the number and rigor of intervention effectiveness studies, mental health occupational therapy research has been insufficient to support the profession’s role in traditional mental health services. Strategies to enhance the profession’s role in mental health practice are suggested and include using occupational therapy behavioral health management research in school-based and transition services to support occupational therapy’s role in traditional mental health practice settings.
Conceptualising the ‘Visual Essay’ as a Way of Generating and Imparting Sociological Insight: Issues, Formats and Realisations
Authors: Pauwels Luc
Published: February 2012

This article discusses and exemplifies a more visual and expressive way of constructing and presenting sociological insight. It seeks to articulate the specific demands, traits and potentials of the ‘visual essay’ as a societal and sociological practice and format. In particular it provides some observations, propositions and arguments that may further help to clarify what the visual sociological essay, as an unorthodox scholarly product, might entail and what place it should acquire in broader scholarly discourse. This theoretical discussion is accompanied by excerpts of concrete visual essays of both scholarly and non-scholarly origin. These examples help to show some of the basic strengths of this format which attempts to play out the synergy of the distinct forms of expression that are combined: images, words, layout and design, adding up to a scientifically informed statement.
Capturing Christmas: The Sensory Potential of Data from Participant Produced Video
Authors: Muir Stewart , Mason Jennifer
Published: February 2012

In this paper, we discuss our use of participant-produced digital footage of family Christmases, collected as part of a larger project exploring family backgrounds and family traditions. The audio-visual recording (and subsequent dissemination) of these otherwise difficult-to-access domestic celebrations provides important insights into the multi-dimensional, multisensory, physical and situational nature of such family traditions. With their blend of genre styles - from narrated documentary to home-movie style wobbly camera work - the ‘Christmas videos’ show both conscious ‘displays’ of family life and practice (performed for the camera, for the participants and for posterity) and largely unscripted, and sometimes noisily chaotic, interactions. Although videos cannot provide unmediated access into what such traditions are ‘really like’, in combination with our other data sources the footage has helped to push our thinking about family traditions as being at once intellectualised productions and a series of bodily engagements with a host of practices, understandings, knowledges, family histories, things and people. This form of ‘backstage’ analytical usage of the video data has been very productive for us. However, we argue that there are ethical issues in publicly presenting such data alongside other forms of data, eg interview data, in a deep sociological analysis of people's personal lives. There is the potential not only for the production of incisive knowledge and insight, but also for a prying and distinctively sociological intrusiveness, and sociologists need to think carefully about how to proceed.
Community Health Workers Working the Digital Archive: A Case for Looking at Participatory Archiving in Studying Stigma in the Context of HIV and AIDS
Authors: De Lange Naydene , Mitchell Claudia
Published: February 2012

Addressing the issue of HIV-stigma is recognised as essential to reducing the spread of HIV and AIDS, enabling community members to access prevention, treatment and care. Often the very people who are able to contribute to solving the problem, are marginalised and do not see ways to insert themselves into dialogues related to combating stigma. Community health workers in rural South Africa are one such group. At the heart of the research discussed in this article is an intervention based on participatory analysis through participatory archiving ( Shilton and Srinivasan 2008 ). Drawing on participatory work with thirteen community health workers in rural KwaZulu-Natal, we use a digital archive containing HIV-stigma visual data - generated five years earlier by youth in the community - to engage the participants in the analysis. Drawing on such participatory work as Jenkins’ participatory cultures framework, we focus on the idea of re-using, re-coding, and re-mixing visual data. One participant stated that “these pictures talk about the real issues faced by our communities”, highlighting the value of resources generated by community members themselves. They also indicate that they “could use [the resources] to teach the cons of stigmatising”. A key concern in work related to visual images (particularly in projects such as ours where a large amount of visual data is produced) is to consider ways of extending its life through the use of community-based digital archives.
More than Anarchy in the UK: ‘Social Unrest’ and its Resurgence in the Madoffized Society
Authors: Monaghan Lee F. , O'flynn Micheal
Published: February 2012

Sudden explosions of street violence and disorder tend to evoke simplistic responses. Echoing Victorian moralising and condemnation of urban street fighting at the end of the nineteenth century, politicians depicted England's August 2011 riots as ‘mindless criminality’. Critical of such rhetoric, we maintain that the recent riots should not be misrecognised through the class politics of the advantaged. Instead, we locate this unrest in a larger historical, social, economic and political context. This context includes the progressive predominance of finance capital in the post-1970s era and related neoliberal policy agendas and ideological forms. We posit that neoliberal transformations in the economy and society have undermined many young people's capacity to lead useful and meaningful lives, and that the potential for hopelessness, resentment, frustration and outbursts of anger has significantly increased as a consequence. We argue that the alienation of young people today cannot be separated from forms of accumulation that depend on massive debt-expansion. Neither can it be separated from the proliferation of related practices and institutional supports that enable this expansion, further accelerating the deterioration of already disaffected young people's prospects and futures. We refer to the enabling elements of this process as ‘Madoffization’ at a time when ponzi finance has made economic collapse and ongoing social unrest inevitable.
Numerical simulations of mixing conditions and aerosol dynamics in the CERN CLOUD chamber
Authors: Voigtländer J. , Duplissy J. , Rondo L. , Kürten A. , Stratmann F.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. To study the effect of galactic cosmic rays on aerosols and clouds, the Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) project was established. Experiments are carried out at a 26.1 m3 tank at CERN (Switzerland). In the experiments, the effect of ionizing radiation on H2SO4 particle formation and growth is investigated. To evaluate the experimental configuration, the experiment was simulated using a coupled multidimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) – particle model. In the model the coupled fields of gas/vapor species, temperature, flow velocity and particle properties were computed to investigate mixing state and mixing times of the CLOUD tank's contents. Simulation results show that a 1-fan configuration, as used in first experiments, may not be sufficient to ensure a homogeneously mixed chamber. To mix the tank properly, two fans and sufficiently high fan speeds are necessary. The 1/e response times for instantaneous changes of wall temperature and saturation ratio were found to be in the order of few minutes. Particle nucleation and growth was also simulated and particle number size distribution properties of the freshly nucleated particles (particle number, mean size, standard deviation of the assumed log-normal distribution) were found to be distributed over the tank's volume similar to the gas species.
Multi-wavelength Raman lidar observations of the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic cloud over Potenza, southern Italy
Authors: Mona L. , Amodeo A. , D'Amico G. , Giunta A. , Madonna F. , Pappalardo G.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. During the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in April–May 2010 multi-wavelength Raman lidar measurements were performed at the CNR-IMAA Atmospheric Observatory (CIAO), whenever weather conditions permitted observations. A methodology both for volcanic layer identification and accurate aerosol typing has been developed. This methodology relies on the multi-wavelength Raman lidar measurements and the support of long-term lidar measurements performed at CIAO since 2000. The aerosol mask for lidar measurements performed at CIAO during the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption has been obtained. Volcanic aerosol layers were observed in different periods: 19–22 April, 27–29 April, 8–9 May, 13–14 May and 18–19 May. A maximum aerosol optical depth of about 0.12–0.13 was observed on 20 April, 22:00 UTC and 13 May, 20:30 UTC. Volcanic particles were detected at low altitudes, in the free troposphere and in the upper troposphere. Occurrences of volcanic particles within the PBL were detected on 21–22 April and 13 May. A Saharan dust event was observed on 13–14 May: dust and volcanic particles were simultaneously detected at CIAO at separated different altitudes as well as mixed within the same layer. Lidar ratios at 355 and 532 nm, the Ångström exponent at 355/532 nm, the backscatter-related Ångström exponent at 532/1064 nm and the particle linear depolarization ratio at 532 nm measured inside the detected volcanic layers are discussed. The dependence of these quantities on relative humidity has been investigated by using co-located microwave profiler measurements. The measured values of these intensive parameters indicate the presence of volcanic sulfates/continental mixed aerosol in the volcanic aerosol layers observed at CIAO. In correspondence of the maxima observed in the volcanic aerosol load on 19–20 April and 13 May, different values of intensive parameters were observed. Apart from the occurrence of sulfate aerosol, these values indicate also the presence of some ash which is affected by the aging during transport over Europe.
The atmospheric potential of biogenic volatile organic compounds from needles of white pine (Pinus strobus) in Northern Michigan
Authors: Toma S. , Bertman S.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. The key role that biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) play in atmospheric chemistry requires a detailed understanding of how BVOC concentrations will be affected by environmental change. Large-scale screening of BVOC emissions from whole forest ecosystems is difficult with enclosure methods. Leaf composition of BVOC, as a surrogate for direct emissions, can more easily reflect the distribution of BVOC compounds in a forest. In this study, BVOC composition in needles of 92 white pine trees (Pinus strobus), which are becoming a large part of Midwest forests, are tracked for three summers at the University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS). α-Pinene, the dominant terpene in all samples, accounts for 30–50% of all terpenes on a mole basis. The most abundant sesquiterpenoid was a C15 alcohol identified as germacrene D-4-ol. The relationship between limonene and total other monoterpenes shows two distinct trends in the population of these forests. About 14% (n = 13) of the trees showed high levels of limonene (up to 36% of the total BVOC) in the same trees every year. Assuming that needle concentrations scale with emission rate, we estimate that hydroxyl radical reactivity due to reaction with monoterpenes from white pine increases approximately 6% at UMBS when these elevated concentrations are included. We suggest that chemotypic variation within forests has the potential to affect atmospheric chemistry and that large-scale screening of BVOC can be used to study the importance of BVOC variation.
Identification and characterization of aging products in the glyoxal/ammonium sulfate system - implications for light-absorbing material in atmospheric aerosols
Authors: Kampf C. J. , Jakob R. , Hoffmann T.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. In this study we report the identification of bicyclic imidazoles in aqueous aerosol mimics using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. 2,2´-Biimidazole was identified to be a major contributor to the 280 nm absorbance band observed in mixtures of glyoxal and ammonium sulfate, despite the fact that its production rate is two orders of magnitude lower than the previously reported production rates of imidazole or imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde. The molar absorptivity of 2,2´-biimidazole was determined to be (36 690±998) M−1 cm−1. This demonstrates the necessity of molecular product identification at trace levels to enable a better understanding of relevant absorbing species. Additionally the formation of lower polarity products including formamides of imidazoles is proposed. The role of imidazoles and other light-absorbing species in the formation of SOA and optical properties of SOA is discussed and potentially interesting fields for future investigations are outlined.
Early Portuguese meteorological measurements (18th century)
Authors: Alcoforado M. J. , Vaquero J. M. , Trigo R. M. , Taborda J. P.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. Natural proxies, documentary evidence and instrumental data are the only sources used to reconstruct past climates. In this paper, we present the 18th century meteorologists (either Portuguese or foreigners) who made the first observations at several sites in Continental Portugal, Madeira Island and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), from 1749 until 1802. Information is given concerning observation site, variables observed, measurement period, methods of measurements and sources (both manuscript and printed). Some examples from the data usefulness are given: rainfall variability in Madeira (1749–1753) and in continental Portugal (1781–1793) was reconstructed, allowing to extend towards the late 18th century the well known negative correlation between the NAO index and seasonal rainfall. Furthermore, previously unpublished data for 1783–1784 have allowed analysing the consequences of the Lakagígar eruption in Portugal: foggy and haze days are referred to in summer 1783, but unlike the hot summer observed in northern and central Europe, temperatures in Portugal were lower than average. Additionally, observations from Rio de Janeiro in Brazil show that the Lakagígar consequences may well have spread to sectors of the Southern Hemisphere. Although the series are short, the data have been used for climate reconstruction studies and may also be useful to improve the quality of large scale reconstruction datasets.
Moving university hydrology education forward with geoinformatics, data and modeling approaches
Authors: Merwade V. , Ruddell B. L.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. In this opinion paper, we review recent literature related to data and modeling driven instruction in hydrology, and present our findings from surveying the hydrology education community in the United States. This paper presents an argument that that Data and Modeling Driven Geoscience Cybereducation (DMDGC) approaches are valuable for teaching the conceptual and applied aspects of hydrology, as a part of the broader effort to improve Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education at the university level. The authors have undertaken a series of surveys and a workshop involving the community of university hydrology educators to determine the state of the practice of DMDGC approaches to hydrology. We identify the most common tools and approaches currently utilized, quantify the extent of the adoption of DMDGC approaches in the university hydrology classroom, and explain the community's views on the challenges and barriers preventing DMDGC approaches from wider use. DMDGC approaches are currently emphasized at the graduate level of the curriculum, and only the most basic modeling and visualization tools are in widespread use. The community identifies the greatest barriers to greater adoption as a lack of access to easily adoptable curriculum materials and a lack of time and training to learn constantly changing tools and methods. The community's current consensus is that DMDGC approaches should emphasize conceptual learning, and should be used to complement rather than replace lecture-based pedagogies. Inadequate online material-publication and sharing systems, and a lack of incentives for faculty to develop and publish materials via such systems, is also identified as a challenge. Based on these findings, we suggest that a number of steps should be taken by the community to develop the potential of DMDGC in university hydrology education, including formal development and assessment of curriculum materials integrating lecture-format and DMDGC approaches, incentivizing the publication by faculty of excellent DMDGC curriculum materials, and implementing the publication and dissemination cyberinfrastructure necessary to support the unique DMDGC digital curriculum materials.