bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La formación de técnicos en la escuela industrial militar para la industria porfiriana en San Luis Potosí
Authors: Torres Nava René Alfredo
Published: November 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo la educación técnica fue indispensable en el proyecto industrializador del porfiriato. Además de la utilización de fuentes primarias, desde un enfoque metodológico teórico, centrado en la historia económica y cultural, se explica la educación como una herramienta para la industria. Se da cuenta de la importancia de la Escuela Industrial Militar ante el desarrollo industrial y de la preparación de los técnicos para integrarlos al campo laboral. Se muestra el alcance de esta escuela en un contexto industrial nacional como formadora de técnicos industriales. Se analiza la educación técnica desde un enfoque cultural y económico con objeto de explicar el proyecto de la Escuela Industrial Militar y los mecanismos de esta durante el porfiriato.
Recent Patents about Pulse Power Supply of EDM
Authors: Li En , Xie Baocheng , Chen Yongqiu
Published: November 2019

Background:

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) technique is an effective and reliable
method for machining difficult-to-cut materials with complex shapes. Pulse power supply, a core component
of the EDM machine tool, plays a major role in the processing efficiency and processing quality.
Thus, more and more attention has been paid to the power types and control methods of pulse
power supplies of EDM at present.

Objective:

To meet the increasing requirement of processing efficiency and processing quality of EDM,
the power types and control methods of pulse power supplies are enhanced constantly.

Methods:

This paper sketches out various current representative patents relevant to the power types and
control methods of pulse power supplies of EDM.

Results:

Through comparing the characteristics of the power types and control methods of pulse power
supplies of EDM, the main problems in the present development such as low processing efficiency and
poor processing quality are summarized and analyzed. Utilization and conservation of electric energy is
also a concern. In addition, the further development tendency towards the power types and control
methods of pulse power supplies of EDM is discussed.

Conclusion:

The optimization and development of the power types and control methods of pulse power
supplies of EDM are beneficial to solve the problems of processing efficiency, processing quality and
energy utilization in EDM. More interrelated patents on the pulse power supply of EDM will be invented
later.
Photocatalytic Partial Oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural Under UV and Natural Solar Irradiation in Aqueous Suspension of K Containing C3N4
Authors: García-López Elisa I. , Marcì Giuseppe , Ilkaeva Marina , Saiano Filippo , Palmisano Leonardo
Published: November 2019

Background:

The influence of the potassium metal cation on the graphitic carbon nitride
(g-C3N4) photocatalyst has been studied in the partial oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF)
to 2,5-furandicarboxaldehyde (FDC).

Objective:

The aim of this study was to understand if the presence of K in C3N4 could increase the oxidative
conversion of HMF to high added value species.

Methods:

Two sets of photocatalysts were prepared by following two different methodologies. In both
series of the materials, the precursor of C3N4 was melamine with different types of the K containing
species including KCl and KOH in one case and KNO3 alone in the other case. However, for both series
of photocatalysts, materials were prepared with different amounts of potassium.

Results:

The results obtained by using materials prepared by the two different methodologies indicate
that in both cases the presence of K was almost irrelevant at least for the lower amounts of potassium
content. On the contrary, its presence was beneficial for the activity versus the photocatalytic partial
oxidation reaction of the alcohol for the highest K content.

Conclusion:

Some of the prepared K containing g-C3N4 materials showed increased photocatalytic
activity for the partial oxidation reaction of HMF in water, particularly by using natural solar light as
the irradiation source.
Conceptualizaciones y paradigmas en la gestión patrimonial del Estado. Un análisis de la normativa de la Municipalidad de Río Gallegos
Authors: Vazquez Maria , Bessone Cristian , Alvarez Pamela
Published: November 2019

Las políticas públicas orientadas a la preservación, conservación y salvaguarda del patrimonio histórico-cultural (tanto material como intangible), tienen como fin último -y quizá no siempre explícito- la consolidación de una identidad local, regional o nacional, que muchas veces puede tener un trasfondo ideológico que pretende instalar uno u otro perfil a conveniencia. El objetivo de esta investigación es comprender las concepciones de patrimonio que están en la base normativa de la Municipalidad de Río Gallegos (Argentina), ya que es en los instrumentos legales donde subyacen estas concepciones, que a su vez son la guía de las acciones de gestión patrimonial. Para esto se realizó un análisis de la legislación y la descripción de los marcos doctrinario y jurídico-normativo en los que se hallan implícitas estas conceptualizaciones. Se siguió como marco teórico una propuesta de García Canclini (1999) sobre paradigmas de gestión patrimonial. A partir de éstos, se detectó que las políticas públicas generadas desde la institución se ajustan principalmente a los modelos de conservación tradicional sustancialista y conservacionista monumentalista. Ambos plantean una mirada del patrimonio histórico y cultural que mantiene una continuidad de concepciones hegemónicas de la identidad, perpetuando así las relaciones de poder.
Una estrategia para la organización y clasificación de producciones audiovisuales UNPA
Authors: Godoy Viviana , Bianchi Marta
Published: November 2019

Este documento muestra el trabajo de catalogado y organización de un banco de datos que sistematiza la producción audiovisual constitutiva del patrimonio de la Unidad Académica Caleta Olivia (UACO), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA). El trabajo se ha desplegado como alumna becaria en el marco del proyecto de investigación La producción audiovisual en la UNPA- UACO, en el periodo 2004-2016, cuyo objetivo general se vincula con describir  las condiciones de producción, prácticas y dinámicas de la realización audiovisual en esa unidad académica.

Uno de los objetivos particulares, sobre el cuál se trabajó concretamente desde esta propuesta, es la creación de un archivo o banco de datos con las producciones del período de referencia, que se encontraban sin sistematizar ni organizar. Si bien el proyecto de investigación sigue su curso, la discusión generada tuvo incidencia en la forma de catalogado de las producciones y en las decisiones respecto de la manera de organizarlas para que puedan ser consultadas por usuarios en general.

Reviste especial importancia este trabajo, dado que es clave en la preservación de la memoria local, su organización y administración en tanto patrimonio.
Abastecimiento energético de una casa tipo en la Patagonia Argentina
Authors: Medina Maximiliano Fernando , De San Pedro María Eugenia , Chacon Hugo Miguel , Leon Horacio Leonardo , Rodriguez Carlos Ramiro , Abdelbaki Abdelbassat
Published: November 2019

El crecimiento poblacional y la aparición de nuevas tecnologías (que han mejorado el bienestar humano) (Índice de desarrollo humano, s.f) han producido una mayor demanda energética. Igualmente se ha observado una actitud de “derroche energético” como se los puede observar en el siguiente enlace (Derroche energético: ¿cuál es la situación actual?, s.f).

Se estudiará los hábitos energéticos en una casa-tipo (consumo y demanda) con el objetivo de cuantificar la energía necesaria (demanda) y parte de ella obtenerla con recursos no convencionales renovables.

Se procederá a realizar una breve descripción de las fuentes renovables a utilizar (solar, eólica y biomasa) y a través del estudio, que se ha realizado, ver los equipos posibles a instalar en esta casa-tipo. Al mismo tiempo, comprenderemos el porqué del uso de este tipo de tecnologías en locaciones un tanto apartadas de los medios convencionales de energías.
Pere Gabriel, iniciador dels estudis sobre el moviment obrer a les Balears
Authors:   Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ginard Ferón David
Published: November 2019

Biografia de l'autor/a
David Ginard Féron, Universitat de les Illes Balears
Doctor en Història per la Universitat de les Illes Balears (1997).

Professor titular d'Història Contemporània de la UIB (des de 2017). Recerca centrada en l'estudi del moviment obrer, la repressió política durant la Guerra Civil, l'exili, la resistència antifranquista, el moviment de dones contra els feixismes, l'economia i societat de postguerra i la historiografia i la cultura militant del comunisme espanyol.

Autor de divuit llibres, entre d'altres: L'esquerra mallorquina i el franquisme (1994),L'oposició antifranquista i els comunistes mallorquins (1939-1977) (1998), El moviment obrer de Mallorca i la Guerra Civil (1936-1939) (1999), L'economia balear (1929-1959) (1999), Heriberto Quiñones y el movimiento comunista en España (1931-1942) (2000), Mallorca während der Franco-Diktadur. Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft 1939-1975 (2001), Les Baléares sous le régime franquiste (2002), Matilde Landa. De la Institución Libre de Enseñanza a las prisiones franquistas(2005), L'exili balear de 1939 (2008), Treballadors, sindicalistes i clandestins. Històries orals del moviment obrer a les Balears (1930-1950). Vols I (2012) i II (2014) i Aurora Picornell (1912-1937). De la història al símbol (2016).
Caracterización productiva y socioeconómica del sistema de producción ovina, en un área natural protegida de México
Authors: Hernández-Valenzuela Daniel , Sánchez-Vera Ernesto , Gómez-Demetrio William , Martínez-García Carlos Galdino
Published: November 2019

Ante el incremento de la presencia humana y sus actividades productivas en áreas naturales protegidas, se planteó el objetivo de caracterizar el sistema de producción ovina, en el Nevado de Toluca, con información agrícola, socioeconómica y uso de los recursos de pastoreo. Un total de 162 productores fueron entrevistados, se analizaron 25 variables con estadística multivariada y univariada. Mediante análisis de componentes principales se obtuvieron seis factores que explican el 71 % de la varianza. El análisis cluster permitió identificar tres grupos de productores: pequeños (28 %), intermedios (35 %) y capitalizados (6 %), diferenciados por el número de animales, superficie cultivada e ingresos (P<0.05). En el sistema de producción, se observó alta mortalidad de corderos (23 %), la siembra de avena (Avena sativa) en el 50 % de la superficie y un porcentaje variable de superficie, sembrada de maíz (Zea mays). La edad y escolaridad fueron similares entre grupos (P>0.05) y se encontró que los rebaños aportan menos del 30 % del ingreso familiar. El 58 % de los rebaños ingresa al bosque, para realizar pastoreo circulante, pero el 60 % se maneja semi-estabulado. Se concluye que la producción del sistema no depende de la capitalización del productor, pero el rebaño es esencial en la economía familiar, y el manejo de los animales es compatible con los esfuerzos de conservación del área natural protegida.
Supplementation of ascorbic acid to improve fertility in dairy cattle. Review
Authors: González-Maldonado Juan , Rangel-Santos Raymundo , Rodríguez-de Lara Raymundo , Ramírez-Valverde Gustavo , Ramírez-Bribiesca J. Efrén , Monreal-Díaz José Cruz
Published: November 2019

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C: VC) is an antioxidant that participates in the regulatory processes involved in the development of ovarian structures and fertility. However, supplementation of VC to dairy cattle to improve fertility has received little attention. However, reduced fertility in dairy cattle associated with high genetic merit for milk production and heat stress, which also diminish blood VC concentrations, suggest a potentially beneficial role for VC supplementation. The objectives of this review are to contribute to the current knowledge regarding the relationship between VC and fertility and to share many experiences that support the relevance of VC supplementation to improve dairy cattle reproductive performance.
Comportamiento productivo e ingestivo de ovinos en crecimiento en sistemas silvopastoriles y de engorda en confinamiento
Authors: Villanueva-Partida Carlos Ricardo , Díaz-Echeverría Víctor Francisco , Chay-Canul Alfonso Juventino , Avilés Luis Ramírez , Casanova-Lugo Fernando , Oros-Ortega Iván
Published: November 2019

El objetivo fue comparar los parámetros de comportamiento productivo e ingestivo de ovinos alimentados en sistemas silvopastoriles y confinamiento. Se evaluaron los consumos de materia seca (CMS), de materia orgánica (CMO), de proteína cruda (PC) y de fibra detergente neutro (CFDN), la ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), el tiempo dedicado al consumo (TPC), a la rumia (TPR), a caminar (TPCM) y otras actividades (TPOA), en 18 ovinos con peso inicial de 16.83 ± 2.57 kg, distribuidos en un diseño completamente al azar, con tres tratamientos: dos tipos de sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP): 1) Leucaena leucocephala y Cynodon plectostachyus (L+E); 2) L. leucocephala y Panicum maximum (L+M); 3) Sistema de engorda en confinamiento (SEC). Se realizaron contrastes ortogonales para comparar el SEC vs los SSP y entre los SSP.  Se encontró un mayor (P<0.001) CMS, CMO, CPC, CFDN y GDP en el SEC (1246.2, 1073.0, 157.1, 364.0 y 195 g animal día-1, respectivamente) comparado con los tipos de SSP. Los CMS, CMO, CPC y CFDN fueron mayores (P<0.001) en el L+M (772.2, 662.7, 124.0, 334.2 g animal día-1, respectivamente) que en L+E (548.9, 86.20, 483.0, 252.3 g, respectivamente); aunque la GDP fue similar en ambos SSP (102 y 114 g). El SEC resultó con un menor (P<0.001) TPC (148.33 min) que los SSP. Animales en L+E invirtieron menos (P<0.05) TPC (318.3 min) que en L+M (344.6 min). Animales en SEC utilizan mayor (P<0.001) TPOA (247.9 min) que en los SSP. Sin embargo, el TPOA fue similar entre los SSP.
Deformación de la participación y la democracia
Authors: Quiceno Botero Francy Julieth , Rojas Betancur Héctor Mauricio , Hernández Quirama Andrea
Published: November 2019

El gobierno escolar es una actividad formal que se realiza anualmente en la educación básica de Colombia como estrategia pedagógica de formación y convivencia democrática con la participación de niños y adolescentes. Con el propósito central de analizar aspectos de la formación y participación democrática en la escuela, se hace una crítica al proceso de elección de personeros estudiantiles, actividad anual de participación democrática para toda la comunidad educativa, mostrando cómo pueden deformarse los ámbitos de participación y formación democrática, reproduciendo prácticas no adecuadas de la tradición política nacional y sus consecuencias para la formación ciudadana, desde un objetivo cualitativo realizado en instituciones de educación básica de la ciudad de Bucaramanga, Colombia, mediante análisis de contenido y procesos de observación. Se destaca, además, la importancia del involucramiento familiar en los procesos de formación ciudadana en diálogo con el sistema escolar.
Análisis del uso del suelo en el humedal urbano Torca-Guaymaral en una escala temporal entre 1956 y 2013
Authors: Clavijo-Otalvaro Karen Julieth , Lopez Barrera Ellie Anne , Aperador-Rodriguez David
Published: November 2019

Los efectos del crecimiento de grandes ciudades modifican ecosistemas que son estratégicos para mantener la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos dentro de regiones urbanas. Para determinar la variación de las coberturas vegetales a través del tiempo en el sector occidental del humedal Torca-Guaymaral, se realizó un análisis multitemporal de coberturas en un rango de 59 años (1956-2013) a través de la interpretación de fotografías aéreas e imágenes de satélite del área de estudio. Por medio del índice de fluctuación, se determinó la época de análisis en la que se presentó mayor fluctuación y cuáles fueron sus causas. El estudio permitió establecer los impactos generados sobre el humedal, dentro de los que sobresalen el cambio de uso del suelo para la implementación de pastos, cultivos y construcción de infraestructura, lo cual se ve reflejado en 1982. Aunado a lo anterior, la aparición de actividades que van en contraposición de la estructura original del humedal, han ocasionado modificación de las coberturas vegetales, lo que redunda en la capacidad de drenaje del humedal, la calidad ecológica del cuerpo de agua y la adaptación al cambio climático.
Los intereses del conocimiento científico. Una lectura de la epistemología cartesiana desde habermas
Authors: Vargas Campos Ronulfo Alberto
Published: November 2019

El  artículo  muestra  un  contraste  entre  la representación  cartesiana  del  conocimiento y, en general, de la actitud y la  actividad  teórica,  y  la  concepción  que  tiene  Habermas  sobre  el  tema  y  su  relación  con  el  interés.  Se  pretenderá  ver en  esta comparación que la aproximación cartesiana  al  problema  del  conocimiento no  es  adecuada  debido  a  que,  en primera instancia,  no  está  consciente  de  las  condiciones  reales  que  lo  hacen  posible,  y además  no  hace  una  presentación  coherente  del  conocimiento  como  producto  de un  pensamiento  racional.  Más  bien,  el cartesianismo  permite  dar  continuidad  a una  tradición que  hace  de  la  teoría  una suerte  de  iluminación  y  comunicación mística con poderes superiores.
PENGARUH MODEL NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER BERBASIS TRI KAYA PARISUDHA TERHADAP KOMPETENSI PENGETAHUAN IPS SISWA KELAS IV SD
Authors: Dharma I Putu Wira , Kusmariyanti Nyoman , Sudana Dewa Nyoman
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan yang signifikankompetensi pengetahuan IPS antara kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan melaluimodel pembelajaran Numbered Head Together Berbasis Tri Kaya Parisudha dankelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan secara konvensional. Jenis penelitian ini adalahquasi experiment dengan desain penelitian menggunakan Non-equivalent post-testOnly Control Grup Desain. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV SDGugus IV Kecamatan Sawan Kabupaten Buleleng tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 yangterdiri dari 8 kelas dengan jumlah 165 siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitukelas IV SD Negeri 1 Bungkulan sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan SD Negeri 5Bungkulan sebagai kelompok kontrol. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan simplerandom sampling. Data dalam peneltian ini dikumpulkan dengan metode tes daninstrumen tes kompetensi pengetahuan IPS. Data yang diperoleh kemudiandianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan infrensial (uji-t). Nilai rata-ratayang diperoleh siswa di kelas eksperimen adalah 80,2 termasuk kategori sangattinggi sedangkan kelompok siswa di kelas kontrol memperoleh nilai rata-rataadalah 73,58 termasuk kategori tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa,terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kompetensi pengetahuan IPS antarakelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan melalui model pembelajaran Numbered HeadTogether Berbasis Tri Kaya Parisudha dan kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkansecara konvensional. Hasil analisis menggunakan uji-t diperoleh thitung = 17,73 danttabel = 2,021 sehingga didapatkan thitung > ttabel. Dengan demikian, dapat simpulkanmodel pembelajaran Numbered Head Together Berbasis Tri Kaya Parisudhaberpengaruh positif terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan IPS siswa kelas IV SDGugus IV kecamatan Sawan tahun pelajaran 2018/2019.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CIRCUIT LEARNING BERBANTUAN MEDIA FLIPCHART TERHADAP KOMPETENSI PENGETAHUAN IPS SISWA KELAS V
Authors: Romaliyana Rafflesines Yuanisa , Putra Made , Sujana I Wayan
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajarancircuit learning berbantuan media flipchart terhadap kompetensipengetahuan IPS siswa kelas V SDN Gugus I Kecamatan Kuta tahun ajaran2018/2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu denganrancangan nonequivalent Post Test Only control group design. Populasidalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas V SDN Gugus I KecamatanKuta yang berjumlah 343 siswa. Sampel penelitian ditentukan dengan cararandom sampling dan diperoleh kelas V SD No. 3 Kuta sebagai kelompokeksperimen dan kelas Va SD No. 4 Kuta sebagai kelompokkontrol.Pembelajaran di kelas eksperimen dan kontrol sama-sama diberikansebanyak 6 kali dan diberikan post test untuk mengetahui kompetensipengetahuan IPS. Metode dalam pengumpulan data yaitu metode tes, dan instrument berupa tesobjektif pilihan ganda biasa. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data kompetensi pengetahuan IPS dandianalisis menggunakan uji t. Hasil analisis diperoleh thitung = 3,278 dan ttabel dengan n1+n2 -2 = 62dengan taraf signifikansi 5% = 2,000 karena thitung>ttabel berarti H0 ditolak. Nilai rata-rata kompetensipengetahuan IPS pada kelompok eksperimen yaitu 80,34 dan rata-rata kompetensi pengetahuan IPSpada kelompok kontrol yaitu 74,13. Sehingga dapat di interprestasikan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yangsiginifikan kompetensi pengetahuan IPS antara kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan menggunakan modelpembelajaran circuit learning berbantuan media flipchart dengan kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkanmenggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran circuitlearning berbantuan media flipchart berpengaruh terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan IPS kelas V SDNGugus I Kecamatan Kuta tahun ajaran 2018/2019.
DETERMINASI DISIPLIN BELAJAR DAN INTERAKSI SOSIAL TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP IPS SISWA KELAS V
Authors: Negara I Putu Bagus Juniarta , Suniasih Ni Wayan , Sujana I Wayan
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) pengaruh yang signifikandisiplin belajar terhadap pemahaman konsep IPS dan besarandeterminasinya (2) pengaruh yang signifikan interaksi sosial terhadappemahaman konsep IPS dan besaran determinasinya (3) pengaruh yangsignifikan disiplin belajar dan interaksi sosial terhadap pemahaman konsepIPS siswa kelas V Gugus I Gusti Ngurah Jelantik Denpasar Utara tahun ajaran2018/2019 dan besaran determinasinya. Jenis penelitian ini adalahpenelitian ex post facto, dengan teknik korelasional. Populasi penelitian iniadalah seluruh siswa kelas V Gugus I Gusti Ngurah Jelantik yang berjumlah264 orang dengan sampel 149 yang ditentukan dengan teknik proposionalrandom sampling. Data pemahaman konsep IPS diperoleh dari tes uraiansedangkan disiplin belajar dan interaksi sosial diperoleh dengan menggunakan angket. Data tersebutdianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana dan analisis regresi linier ganda yangsebelumnya telah dilakukan uji prasyarat analisisnya. Analisis data menunjukkan (1) terdapat pengaruhyang signifikan disiplin belajar terhadap pemahaman konsep IPS yang dibuktikan berdasarkan Fhitung =4,389 > Ftabel = 3,91 dengan determinasi sebesar 2,9% (2) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan interaksisosial terhadap pemahaman konsep IPS siswa yang dibuktikan berdasarkan Fhitung = 4,64 > Ftabel = 3,91dengan determinasi sebesar 3,1% (3) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan disiplin belajar dan interaksisosial terhadap pemahaman konsep IPS yang dibuktikan dengan Fhitung = 4,12 > Ftabel = 3,06 dengandeterminasi sebesar 5,3%. Saran kepada peneliti lain hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan salah saturefrensi dalam bidang pendidikan untuk mendalami objek penelitian yang sejenis.
Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET); more than a youth policy issue
Authors: Mitrou Francis , Haynes Michele , Perales Francisco , Zubrick Stephen R , Baxter Janeen
Published: November 2019

Background with rationaleAustralians who are Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) and receive income support span a wide spectrum of working ages. Australian research has concentrated on NEETs aged 15–29 years, in line with international standards. This paper investigates extending the NEET concept to include all working age persons 15–64 years and the value added to welfare policy through analysis of a new linked dataset.

Main AimTo determine whether the NEET concept is policy relevant when applied to all working ages.

Methods/ApproachIndividuals aged 15-64 years recorded as receiving Department of Social Services (DSS) income support payments from September 2011 were linked with Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census data from August 2011 to create a linked dataset for analysis. Descriptive analyses were undertaken of NEET status by Census socio-demographic characteristics, and we modelled the adjusted likelihood of NEET status by Census demographics.

ResultsSome 1.37 million or 45.2% of linked DSS payment recipients qualified as NEET. Of NEETs, more than twice as many were female, nearly half were aged 45–64 years, and under 1-in-5 were aged 15–29 years. Multivariate analyses showed that NEETs were more likely to be older, have low educational attainment, have a disability, and to be Indigenous.

ConclusionYoung NEETs aged 15–29 years represented less than 20 per cent of linked DSS payment recipients classified as NEET, suggesting that standard NEETs reporting neglects information on around 80 per cent of the working age NEET population in Australia. Combined with other demographic insights, these results have implications for welfare policy, and indicate a wider range of demographics should be considered under the NEET classification. This may also have implications for OECD reporting.
Using Linked Administrative Data to Measure Earnings Mobility of Public Assistance Recipients during the Great Recession
Authors: Wallace Sally , Sjoquist David , Mullins Brett
Published: November 2019

There is a great deal of interest and concern in the trends in income inequality in the United States and how it inequality has changed since the Great Recession. Various reasons for this divide have been offered but are notoriously difficult to evaluate due to data constraints. Public sector programs aimed at alleviating poverty are also difficult to measure because of data issues. In this paper, we estimate the impact of one of the largest federal support programs in the U.S. on income mobility of at risk populations. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) serves low income families by providing significant food benefits.

In this paper, we create a dataset linking SNAP (food stamp) administrative records (over 1 million records per year) to Department of Labor earnings records (over 4 million records per year) at the individual level from 2001-2016. Using these uniquely matched administrative records, we can track earnings mobility over time as one measure of the effectiveness of a public assistance program at a point in time (which will inform policy decisions with respect to temporary measures, especially in recessions). We provide results for several time periods, but hone in on the pre-and post Great Recession period as a means to understand the impact of deep economic change on income mobility.

As mobility itself is multifaceted concept, we capture a variety of measures/indices and highlight the usefulness and limitations of administrative data for the analysis. Tracking several mobility indices over time with varying time windows we can identify empirical benchmarks applied to administrative to measure the future impacts as well and to tailor government support programs.
Migration to Scottish New Towns and the impact on premature mortality in Glasgow: longitudinal analysis of linked Scottish Mental Survey 1947 and NHS Central Register data
Authors: Forrest Lynne , Dibben Chris
Published: November 2019

Background Life expectancy in Glasgow is lower than other Scottish cities and comparable English cities. One explanation for this excess mortality is selective migration, specifically policy from the late 1940s onwards to move younger, more skilled workers and their families from Glasgow to five Scottish New Towns, established between 1948 and 1966, leaving behind those who are more deprived and unhealthy.

Aim To examine the impact of migration to New Towns on premature mortality in Glasgow using linked Scottish Mental Survey 1947 and NHS Central Register data.

Methods This is a new data linkage using historical data for health board moves dating back to 1948.

The Scottish Mental Survey 1947 encompasses a cohort born in 1936 that had cognitive ability assessed at age 11. This cohort were of young working age at the time of New Towns policy. The cohort has been linked to NHS Central Register data, which contains information on current and previous health board location dating back to the late 1940s, as well as date of death. A time-appropriate move to the relevant health board area is used as a proxy for New Town migration. We can put people “back” to their starting geography to see what impact this has on premature mortality in Glasgow.

We will examine factors associated with geographical mobility. Logistic regression and cox regression models will be used to analyse the association between migration status and early mortality.

Results Preliminary results suggest that, as hypothesised, those who have migrated out of Glasgow to new Towns have lower likelihood of premature mortality than those who remain. Analysis is ongoing and we will present our final findings.

Conclusion With New Towns being re-considered as an answer to the current acute UK housing shortage, it is useful to understand the, perhaps unexpected, consequences of such policies.
Increasing the understanding of patterns of behaviours for alcohol in Wales using R
Authors: Hughes Rhian , Patterson Bethan , Withey Clare
Published: November 2019

Background Increasing the understanding of patterns of behaviours for alcohol are a key priority for Public Health Wales. We developed an interactive scrolling webpage to support this priority.

Main Aim To develop a tool for understanding behaviour which brings together large amounts of information and presents it in a new and innovative way to inform and support decision makers.

Methods Using the R programming language we developed an interactive scrolling webpage following an agile project management approach to involve key users. Users were engaged throughout the process, and outputs were produced in an iterative way to ensure the tool continued to meet the needs of the user.

Results The interactive tool allows data interrogation and extraction and uses innovative techniques to display information without having to leave the tool.

The profile includes an overview of the pattern of alcohol consumption and its impacts, along with the option to explore the data further at the local level.

The information, presented across a series of tabs, allows users to navigate easily to the area of interest. Interactive elements, including dropdown selectors and checkboxes, were used to display additional information such as caveats and data sources.

Conclusion Whilst R and agile project management require sufficient time investment, they were used successfully to disseminate public health knowledge in an informative way to increase the understanding of patterns of behaviours.
Area Deprivation, Urbanicity and Severe Mental Illness – A Population-Based Linkage Study Using Routinely Collected Primary and Secondary Care Data
Authors: Lee Sze Chim , Delpozo-Banos Marcos , Lloyd Keith , Jones Ian , Walters James TR , Owen Michael J , O‘Donovan Michael , John Ann
Published: November 2019

Background There is a long-standing debate regarding the associations between area deprivation, urbanicity and elevated risk of severe mental illnesses (SMIs).

Main Aim We investigated the associations between area deprivation, urbanicity and risk of SMIs in a population cohorts in Wales.

Methods/Approach We extracted primary and secondary care electronic health records from 2004 to 2015 from Wales’s population. We identified prevalent and incident individuals with SMIs (schizophrenia related disorders and bipolar disorder) and their level of deprivation and urbanicity. We used the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) and urban/rural indicator to measure the level of area deprivation and urbanicity respectively for all lower layer super output areas, the geographic units used in the reporting of small area statistics comprised of approximately 1,500 individuals.

Results Prevalence and incidence of SMIs is not evenly distributed in Wales. Increased prevalence and incidence of SMIs occur in more deprived and urban areas. Such associations occur for both schizophrenia related disorders and bipolar disorder and in both the primary and secondary care cohorts.

Conclusion These findings have implications for resource allocation, service configuration and access to services in deprived communities, as well as, for broader public health interventions addressing poverty, and social and environmental contexts.
Automatic coding of occupation and cause-of-death records
Authors: Tobin Richard , Farrow Elaine , Grover Claire , Alex Beatrice
Published: November 2019

The Digitising Scotland project aims to digitise 24 million Scottish vital event records of births, marriages and deaths from 1856 to 1973. To use these records effectively for large-scale research they must not only be made machine-readable, but also coded in a form suitable for statistical analysis.

The digitised birth, marriage, and death certificates include textual descriptions of occupations and causes of death. Our aim is to map these descriptions to standard HISCO and ICD-10 codes.

It is impractical to have experts code all the records manually, so we treat the problem as a text classification task and apply machine learning techniques. A proportion of the records will be manually coded and used to train the system. More recent records are already coded and these can also be used for training. Following earlier work by [Kirby et al] and [Carson et al] we are experimenting with Bayesian classifiers for this task.

By combining exact matching for texts that have been seen in the training data and Bayes for the rest, we get an accuracy in cross-validation of 92% for causes of death and 94-97% for occupations.We are investigating methods to improve this, including automatic spelling correction and synonym detection, use of age and sex information, and (for causes of death) the presence of co-occurring causes.We are also investigating the value of coarser-grained but more reliable coding, and reporting second- and third-choice codes.

This is work in progress, and the final paper will consider whether the improvements we are making are sufficient to produce useful data for further research. We will also make recommendations about further manual annotation to provide training data covering the whole timespan of the records.
Combining Hungarian Administrative Data with Google Search Trends to Predict Tendencies in Local Public Health and Consumer Behaviour
Authors: Molnár-Kovács Dorottya
Published: November 2019

Google Trends is a publicly available free tool that provides minute-by-minute, regional statistics on the popularity of keywords users type in the search engine. Although this massive and exponentially growing data set has its limitations, it provides a unique look into the minds of Internet users. As opposed to direct questionnaires, people using Google have no incentives to lie or to hide their true interests, yet they are motivated to be as honest and precise about their questions as they possibly can. This source of information, when combined with official data provided by government institutions can help researchers understand behavioural patterns and overtime can assist in predicting epidemics or anticipating cultural trends.

This presentation will focus on a research aiming to use Hungarian administrative health data concerning the influenza epidemics from 2004 to 2018 to see how frequent certain flu-related searches were in the periods preceding the cold and flu season, and during the period itself. After determining which Google keywords work best as indicators of a flu outbreak, we tested Google Trends solely to measure the accuracy with which we could have predicted a forthcoming flu epidemic in the past few years.

The goal of our research was to experiment with ways in which researchers studying local phenomena could take advantage of the massive amounts of free, public data from digital footprints of the local population. During our research we have experimented with using Google Trends to mirror and possibly predict consumer behaviour and as an alternative to conducting social surveys.
The Hazards and Rewards of Screening Using a Population Register: The Case of HAGIS
Authors: Bell David , Douglas Elaine
Published: November 2019

This paper focuses on the sampling mechanism used to generate the pilot for the HAGIS (Healthy AGeing In Scotland) study. HAGIS is the Scottish equivalent of ELSA in England and HRS in the US. The sample for the HAGIS pilot was screened using a Scottish population register - the National Health Service Central Register (NHSCR). It is used to identify individuals who use NHS services in Scotland. Each individual using NHS resources is allocated a unique identifier, known as a Community Health Index (CHI) number. CHI numbers form a database which is effectively a population register for Scotland.

CHI numbers have not previously been used to screen a sample for a social survey. Our paper describes the steps involved from obtaining permission to screen using CHI to handing set of addresses to a survey company tasked with approaching individuals and conducting a face-to-face interview. The paper goes on to illustrate the practical difficulties involved in achieving a high response rate from those approached and the compromises that were made to achieve the target sample size. It also discusses the consent rates that HAGIS achieved for linkage to administrative health data.

The final section of the paper outlines the advantages of combining administrative data linkage with screening using a population register. It illustrates this by comparing various health characteristics of consented survey respondents with those of the original randomly drawn sample from the NHSCR. These comparisons facilitate testing of hypotheses that consented sample respondents comprise an unbiased sample from the Scottish population across a variety of health dimensions. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these hypothesis tests and the more general benefits of sample screening using a population register and administrative data linkage.
Do carers care for themselves? A population-based study
Authors: Tseliou Foteini , Atkinson Mark , Paranjothy Shantini , Ashfield-Watt Pauline
Published: November 2019

Background Informal caregiving has become an integral part of many societies, however there is increasing concern about the well-being of carers and how they manage their care-related responsibilities in conjunction with their health and mental health. Previous studies have reported mixed results with some proposing that carers are intrinsically healthier.

Aims To explore the association between different levels of caregiving and health behaviours and mental health status.

Methods Data were collected through HealthWise Wales (HWW) and linked to healthcare records (N=27,455). These included self-reported data on level of caring responsibilities (0;1-19;20-49;50+ hours per week), whether or not they left employment due to their caring role, mental health using the short Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) and health behaviour data on smoking status, physical activity and dietary habits. Data on current diagnosis of Anxiety and Depression were drawn from linked healthcare records. Separate logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender and socio-economic status were fitted to assess the association between intensity of caring responsibility and each mental health and health behaviour outcome.

Results Of the 14,451 HWW participants who had complete records, 3,856 (26.7%) reported being an informal carer. Intense carers (20-49 hours per week) were more likely to be physically inactive (OR:1.27, 95%CI:1.04-1.56), smoke cigarettes (OR:1.49, 95%CI:1.11-2.00) and eat unhealthily (OR:1.48, 95%CI:1.13-1.93). They were more also likely to self-report (OR:1.87, 95%CI:1.51-2.32) or have a diagnosis of depression or anxiety (OR:1.57, 95%CI:1.26-1.97). Other levels of caregiving intensity also demonstrated the above associations. Carers who had given up work to care were more likely to be smokers and have common mental disorders.

Conclusion Being an informal carer is associated with unhealthy behaviours and common mental disorders, with a gradient effect dependent on the level of caregiving activity. New interventions that can support carers to improve their health and wellbeing are urgently needed.
Measuring the burden of mental illness and substance use and the level and impact of health care response in patients with spinal trauma: a record linkage study.
Authors: Sharwood Lisa , Vaikuntam Bharat , Craig Ashley , Middleton James , Young Jesse
Published: November 2019

Background with rationale Traumatic spinal injuries (TSI) include column fractures, spinal cord injury, or both. They are among the most severe injuries with potential long-term physical, psychological, and social consequences. Primary causes of TSIs are falls and motor vehicle crashes, however, mental illness and substance use are known to significantly increase all injury risk. Injury is also known to increase risks of mental deterioration and physical complications including self-harm and self-neglect.

Main Aim We aimed to identify comorbid mental illness and/or substance use at incident TSI, quantifying associated costs and health service management of these inequities.

Methods NSW record-linkage administrative data analyses (2013-2016) will determine accurate prevalence of mental illness and/or substance use disorder among all patients who sustained acute TSI during the study period. Using recurrent event analyses, we will estimate the contributions of mental illness and/or substance use disorder on the impact on hospital acquired complications (HAC), length of stay and costs; assessing records for social work and/or psychologist consultation.

Results 13,489 individuals were hospitalised with acute TSI; 21% had either mental health and/or substance use diagnoses; 8.7% had both. These patients were more likely to have experienced falls or intentional self-harm, be male and have multiple comorbidity. Acute care stay and costs were on average twice that of patients with TSI without mental health and/or substance use diagnoses; additionally they were more than twice as likely to experience HACs. Only 56% of TSI patients with these comorbid conditions in the context of TSI, had documented social work or psychologist consultation.

Conclusion Patients with mental illness and/or substance use disorder, experience significant health disparities that require concerted health system attention that should begin early in acute care.
Co-design of data collection with participants of the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort study
Authors: Johnston Marjorie , Butler Jessica , Clark Heather , Locock Louise , Murray Alison , Robertson Lynn , Chapko Dorota , Hannaford Phil , Iversen Lisa , Skea Zoe , Black Corri
Published: November 2019

Background The Aberdeen Children of the 1950s (ACONF) cohort contains 12,150 individuals born in Aberdeen, Scotland in the 1950s. The study includes rich early life data, information from questionnaire in middle age, and linkage to electronic healthcare records.

Involving the participants in designing future data collection and research is key to ensure research is acceptable and reflects public priorities.

Aim To gather ACONF participants’ views to inform how to: define healthy ageing, optimise recruitment and maximise participation.

Method We undertook three co-design workshops with 8 to 10 ACONF members. The workshops operated as a discussion, led by a facilitator using guidance questions developed by the study team. Workshops were recorded and transcribed.

Results Healthy ageing: Participants viewed healthy ageing as keeping socially and physically active, taking responsibility for oneself and having a positive attitude to ageing. Key research priorities were: dementia, healthy living advice, improvements in the social care system and engaging hard-to-reach groups.

Optimising recruitment and participation: Participants were keen for further involvement in research. Recruitment may be maximised by: more information online, involving participants in recruitment of other study members and clarity about potential benefits to themselves or others. It is acceptable to ask their offspring to participate.

There were high levels of trust in researchers, but ongoing data protection is vital. Participation may be improved by regular contact (informing participants of results, engagement events, newsletters, mobile phone “apps”).

Participants were happy with data collection methods: questionnaires, applications, wearable devices, and in-person tests. They raised no concerns regarding DNA collection and electronic record linkage.

Conclusion Participant involvement in research is a fundamental part of securing a social license for research. Participants were in favour of ongoing research, including recruitment of their children and linkage of electronic records. The workshops highlighted key considerations for future research and data collection.
Does physical ill-health increase the risk of suicide? A Census-based follow-up study of over 1 million people
Authors: Onyeka Ifeoma , Ross Emma , Maguire Aideen , O’Reilly Dermot
Published: November 2019

Background/Main Aim Prior poor mental ill-health is a recognised risk factor for suicide but the relationship between multiple physical health conditions and suicide risk is less clear.

Methods Data of 1,196,364 adults (18-90years+) enumerated in Northern Ireland’s 2011 Census records were linked to death registrations until the end of 2015. Logistic regression models were generated to determine association between physical health status and both all-cause mortality and death from suicide, with adjustment for census-based attributes including the presence of mental health status. Physical health conditions severity was assessed using limiting long-term illness (LLTI: none, a little, a lot) and number of physical health conditions.

Results About 14% of the cohort (n=164,473) had physical multimorbidity (two or more conditions) and 51,672 individuals died during follow-up; 877 due to suicide. A dose-response relationship was evident between number of physical conditions and all-cause death reaching an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 3.79 (95%CI: 3.65–3.94) in those with 4-or-more conditions (compared to those with no physical condition), but the association between number of physical conditions and suicide risk disappeared with adjustment for mental health. LLTI however, was an independent risk factor for suicide even after adjustment for mental health (AOR 1.52, 95%CI: 1.25–1.87 for those with daily activities limited a lot). The relationship between LLTI and suicide risk was only evident at younger ages (people aged less than 60).

Conclusion This study demonstrates that the number of physical conditions is not an independent risk for suicide but that activity limitation is, though only at younger ages.