bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New, Efficient Conversion Technology to Transform Ambient CO2 to Valuable, Carbon-Based Fuel via Molten Salt Electrochemistry
Authors: Ji Deqiang , Jia Qingxin , Zhu Chuanli , Dong Wei , Wu Hongjun , Wang Guanzhong
Published: September 2022

Climate warming and environmental problems caused by the excessive consumption of fossil energy and massive CO2 emissions have seriously damaged the human living environment. This paper develops a new green, efficient, and environmentally friendly CO2 capture and conversion method, which is a crucial way to alleviate the greenhouse effect. In this study, alkali metal carbonates (and the corresponding hydroxides) are fused and blended to construct a liquid molten salt electrolyte system with excellent performance, which is applied to synthesize carbon materials or carbon-based fuel gas. By regulating the electrolyte composition and electrolysis parameters, carbon-based fuels with different micro-morphologies and compositions can be prepared in a controllable manner. In pure Li2CO3 electrolyte, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a high value are synthesized at 750 °C with, initially, 10 mA/cm2 and, finally, with 100 mA/cm2. Carbon spheres are obtained in Li-Ca-Ba at 750 °C with 200 mA/cm2, while honeycomb carbon is generated in the electrolyte of Li-Na-K at 450 °C with 450 mA/cm2. Syngas (33.6%) or CH4-rich fuel gas (40.1%) can also be obtained by adding LiOH into the electrolyte under 500 °C at 2.0 V and 3.2 V, respectively. This paper provides a new way of utilizing CO2 resources and a new sustainable green development.
Tight Maneuvering for Path Planning of Hyper-Redundant Manipulators in Three-Dimensional Environments
Authors: Minnetoglu Okan , Conkur Erdinc Sahin
Published: September 2022

An effective path-planning algorithm in three-dimensional (3D) environments based on a geometric approach for redundant/hyper-redundant manipulators are presented in this paper. The method works within confined spaces cluttered with obstacles in real-time. Using potential fields in 3D, a middle path is generated for point robots. Beams are generated tangent to the path points, which constructs a basis for preparing a collision-free path for the manipulator. Then, employing a simply control strategy without interaction between the links, the motion planning is achieved by advancing the end-effector of the manipulator through narrow terrains while keeping each link’s joints on this path until the end-effector reaches the goal. The method is simple, robust and significantly increases maneuvering ability of the manipulator in 3D environments compared to existing methods as illustrated with examples.
Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Wastes: Reviewing Current Status and Approaches for Enhancing Biogas Production
Authors: González Rubén , Peña Daniela Carrillo , Gómez Xiomar
Published: September 2022

Anaerobic digestion is one of the technologies that will play a key role in the decarbonization of the economy, due to its capacity to treat organic waste, recover nutrients and simultaneously produce biogas as a renewable biofuel. This feature also makes this technology a relevant partner for approaching a circular economic model. However, the low biogas yield of traditional substrates such as sewage sludge and livestock waste along with high installation costs limit its profitability. Further expansion of this technology encounters several barriers, making it necessary to seek improvements to attain a favorable financial balance. The use of co-substrates benefits the overall digestion performance thanks to the balancing of nutrients, the enhanced conversion of organic matter and stabilization, leading to an increase in biogas production and process economics. This article reviews the main co-substrates used in anaerobic digestion, highlighting their characteristics in terms of methane production, kinetic models commonly used and the synergistic effects described in the literature. The main process parameters and their influence on digestion performance are presented, as well as the current lines of research dedicated to improving biogas yields, focusing on the addition of hydrogen, bioaugmentation, supplementation with carbon compounds and nanoparticles, the introduction of bioelectrodes and adsorbents. These techniques allow a significant increase in waste degradation and reduce inhibitory conditions, thus favoring process outcomes. Future research should focus on global process efficiency, making particular emphasis on the extrapolation of laboratory achievements into large-scale applications, by analyzing logistical issues, global energy demand and economic feasibility.
Fast Method of Computations of Ripples in the Junction Temperature of Discrete Power SiC-MOSFETs at the Steady State
Authors: Górecki Krzysztof , Górecki Paweł
Published: September 2022

This paper presents a method of fast computations of waveforms of the junction temperature of power SiC-MOSFETs (silicon carbide metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) operating in switched-mode circuits at the steady state. This method makes it possible to use SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuits Emphasis) models of the considered transistors given by the manufacturers. The method of the analysis is described. Using the presented methods and a compact thermal model, some computations of switch-mode circuits were performed. Typical switches and DC–DC (direct current to direct current) boost converters, including such transistors operating at different cooling conditions in a wide range of frequencies of a control signal, are analyzed. In particular, the influence of the cooling system, load resistance and switching frequency on the waveforms of the dissipated power and the junction temperature are considered. The obtained results of computations are compared with the results found using other methods of analysis given in the literature. The times required to perform computations with the considered methods are compared. On the basis of the results of the performed analyses, the operating conditions of the investigated networks, at which ripples of the junction temperature are important, are pointed out. A short discussion on the limitation of the lifetime of the power MOSFET is also given.
Multistationary Geomagnetic Vertical Intensity Polarization Anomalies for Predicting M ≥ 6 Earthquakes in Qinghai, China
Authors: Feng Lili , Qu Rui , Ji Yingfeng , Zhu Weiling , Zhu Ye , Feng Zhisheng , Fan Wenjie , Guan Yiliang , Xie Chaodi
Published: September 2022

Single-stationed geomagnetic vertical intensity polarization (GVIP) anomalies have demonstrated good predictions of the occurrence of large earthquakes in Japan. Nonetheless, due to the lack of a previously densified geomagnetic network, how the multistationary GVIP anomaly (MGVIPA) corresponds to impending earthquakes remains poorly understood. Based on the newly constructed geomagnetic network from 2014 in Qinghai, China, which is composed of 23 electromagnetic stations, we suggested an MGVIPA method to analyze the correlation with large earthquakes since 2015. The results show that (1) the occurrence of MGVIPA is characterized by clusters in time that continue in a short period; (2) the spatial distribution of MGVIPA usually occurs with high values synchronously at several places over the same period; and (3) the Mw ≥ 6 earthquakes occurred in the regions indicated by MGVIPA within a period ranging from 3 months to 1 year from 2015 to 2021 in Qinghai, China.
Study of Sea Fog Environment Polarization Transmission Characteristics
Authors: Fu Qiang , Luo Kaiming , Song Yu , Zhang Meng , Zhang Su , Zhan Juntong , Duan Jing , Li Yingchao
Published: September 2022

Sea fog is a particular kind of atmospheric aerosol that often poses hidden risks to ship navigation, ocean exploration, human productivity, and life. In light of the aforementioned issues, this research conducted a thorough investigation of the polarization transmission properties in a sea fog environment. We studied the physical characteristics of sea fog and established a polarized radiative transfer model based on RT3/PolRadtran (polarized radiative transfer) in a sea fog environment based on the theory of Mie scattering. The effects of wavelength, polarization state, sea fog concentration, and salt content on the polarization degree were simulated by using the polarization transport model. An indoor sea fog simulation device was designed and built. The simulation test results were compared with the experimental test results from many aspects, and the existing errors were analyzed so that they could be mutually verified for the overall trend. According to the modeling results, distinct polarization states of light exhibit evident depolarization as the sea fog concentration rises. Overall, circularly polarized light has superior polarization-maintaining properties compared to linearly polarized light under the same contrast settings. The penetrating impact of incoming light in the visible range improves with increasing wavelength, and the amount of salt in sea fog has some bearing on the degree of polarization.
Generation of High-Density Pulsed Gas–Liquid Discharge Plasma Using Floating Electrode Configuration at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Li Shuqi , Liu Yunhu , Yuan Hao , Liang Jianping , Zhang Min , Li Yao , Yang Dezheng
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a high-density gas–liquid discharge plasma is obtained combined with nanosecond pulse voltage and a floating electrode. The discharge images, the waveforms of pulse voltage and discharge current, and the optical emission spectra are recorded. Gas temperature and electron density are calculated by the optical emission spectra of N2 (C3Πu → B3Πg) and the Stark broadening of Hα, respectively. The emission intensities of N2 (C3Πu → B3Πg), N2+ (B2Σ → X2Π), OH (A2Σ → X2Π), O (3p5P → 3s5S0), He (3d3D → 3p3P20), gas temperature, and electron density are acquired by optical emission spectra to discuss plasma characteristics varying with spatial distribution, discharge gap, and gas flow rate. The spatial distributions of discharge characteristics, including gas temperature, electron density, and emission intensities of N2 (C3Πu → B3Πg), N2+ (B2Σ → X2Π), OH (A2Σ → X2Π), O (3p5P → 3s5S0), and He (3d3D → 3p3P20), are presented. It is found that a high-density discharge plasma with the electron density of 2.2 × 1015 cm−3 and low gas temperature close to room temperature is generated. While setting the discharge gap distance at 10 mm, the discharge area over liquid surface has the largest diameter of 20 mm; under the same conditions, electron density is in the order of 1015 cm−3, and gas temperature is approximately 330 K. In addition, the discharge plasma characteristics are not kept consistent in the axial direction, in which the emission intensities of N2+ (B2Σ → X2Π), N2 (C3Πu → B3Πg), OH (A2Σ → X2Π), and gas temperature increased near the liquid surface. As the discharge gap is enlarged, the gas temperature increases, whereas the electron density remains almost constant. Moreover, as the gas flow rate was turned up, the electron density increased and the gas temperature was kept constant at 320 K.
A Quasi-Velocity-Based Tracking Controller for a Class of Underactuated Marine Vehicles
Authors: Herman Przemyslaw
Published: September 2022

This paper investigates the trajectory tracking control problem for underactuated underwater vehicles, for which a model is expressed in terms of quasi-velocities arising from the inertia matrix decomposition. The control approach takes into account non-modeled dynamics and external disturbances and is suitable for symmetric vehicles. It is shown that such systems can be diagonalized using inertial quasi-velocities (IQVs). The strategy consists of the velocity controller and two adaptive integral sliding mode control algorithms. The proposed approach, introducing velocity transformation and using backstepping methods and integral sliding mode control, allows trajectory tracking for vehicles in described models with symmetric inertia matrix. Proof of the stability of the closed system was carried out using IQV. The proposed scheme has been verified on two 3 DOF models of underwater vehicles with thruster limitations. A brief discussion of the results is also given.
Validation of a Wind Tunnel Propeller Dynamometer for Group 2 Unmanned Aircraft
Authors: Jdiobe Muwanika , Rouser Kurt , Paul Ryan , Rouser Austin
Published: September 2022

This paper presents an approach to validate a wind tunnel propeller dynamometer applicable to Group 2 unmanned aircraft. The intended use of such a dynamometer is to characterize propellers over a relevant range of sizes and operating conditions, under which such propellers are susceptible to low-Reynolds-number effects that can be challenging to experimentally detect in a wind tunnel. Even though uncertainty analysis may inspire confidence in dynamometer data, it is possible that a dynamometer design or experimental arrangement (e.g., configuration and instrumentation) is not able to detect significant propeller characteristics and may even impart artifacts in the results. The validation method proposed here compares analytical results from Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT) to experimental data to verify that a dynamometer captures basic propeller physics, as well as self-similar experimental results to verify that a dynamometer is able to resolve differences in propeller diameter and pitch. Two studies were conducted to verify that dynamometer experimental data match the performance predicted by BEMT. The first study considered three propellers with the same 18-inch (0.457 m) diameter and varied pitch from 10 to 14 inches (0.254 to 0.356 m). The second study held pitch constant and varied diameter from 14 to 18 inches (0.356 to 0.457 m). During testing, wind tunnel speeds ranged from 25 ft/s to 50 ft/s ( 7.62 to 15.24 m/s), and propeller rotational speeds varied from 1500 to 5500 revolutions per minute (RPM). Analytical results from a BEMT code were compared to available experimental data from previous work to show proper application of the code to predict performance. Dynamometer experimental results for thrust coefficient and propeller efficiency were then compared to BEMT results. Experimental results were consistent with the expected effect of varying pitch and diameter and were in close agreement with BEMT predictions, lending confidence that the dynamometer performed as expected and is dependable for future data collection efforts. The method used in this study is recommended for validating wind tunnel propeller dynamometers, especially for Group 2 unmanned aircraft, to ensure reliable performance data.
Influence of Self-Compaction on the Airflow Resistance of Aerated Wheat Bulks (Triticum aestivum L., cv. ‘Pionier’)
Authors: Ramaj Iris , Schock Steffen , Karaj Shkelqim , Müller Joachim
Published: September 2022

Aeration is a key post-harvest grain processing operation that forces air through the pore volume of the grain bulk to establish favorable conditions to maintain grain quality and improve its storability. However, during storage, grain bulk experiences self-compaction due to its dead weight, which alters the bulk properties and impedes the uniform flow of air during aeration. Thus, this study focused on investigating the effect of self-compaction on the pressure drop ΔP of wheat bulk (Triticum aestivum L., cv. ‘Pionier’, X = 0.123 kg·kg−1 d.b.) accommodated in a laboratory-scale bin (Vb = 0.62 m3) at a coherent set of airflow velocities va. Pressure drop ΔP was measured at bulk depths Hb of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 3.4 m and storage times t of 1, 65, 164 and 236 h. For the semi-empirical characterization of the relationship between ΔP and va, the model of Matthies and Petersen was used, which was proficient in describing the experimental data with decent accuracy (R2 = 0.990, RMSE = 68.67 Pa, MAPE = 12.50%). A tailored product factor k was employed for the specific grain bulk conditions. Results revealed a reduction of in-situ pore volume ε from 0.413 to 0.391 at bulk depths Hb of 1.0 to 3.4 m after 1 h storage time t and from 0.391 to 0.370 after 236 h storage time t, respectively. A disproportional increase of the pressure drop ΔP with bulk depth Hb and storage time t was observed, which was ascribed to the irreversible spatio-temporal behavior of self-compaction. The variation of pore volume ε was modeled and facilitated the development of a generalized model for predicting the relationship between ΔP and va. The relative importance of modeling parameters was evaluated by a sensitivity analysis. In conclusion, self-compaction has proven to have a significant effect on airflow resistance, therefore it should be considered in the analysis and modeling of cooling, aeration and low-temperature drying of in-store grain bulks.
Cooling Performance of Fresh and Aged Automatic Transmission Fluids for Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Authors: Rivera Noelia , Viesca José Luis , García Alberto , Prado Jose I. , Lugo Luis , Battez Antolin Hernández
Published: September 2022

The cooling performance of automatic transmission fluids (ATFs) plays an important role in hybrid electrical vehicles, in which the electric motor (EM) is placed inside the transmission housing due to their mission of cooling the EM. The cooling performance of the ATFs depends on their thermophysical properties, but these properties change with the oxidation of the ATFs. This work studies the influence of the oxidation of three ATFs (A, B, C) on their thermophysical properties, as well as on some figures-of-merit (FOMs) which are relevant for evaluating the cooling performance. The results indicated that the influence of the molecular structure on thermal conductivity and heat capacity is stronger than on density and viscosity, whereas the molecular structure hardly affects the FOMs of the fresh ATFs; ATFs B and C, formulated with base oils from API Group III, indicated better cooling performance than ATF A which was formulated with base oils from API Group I; the sensitivity to temperature of the variation with oxidation of the studied properties, including the FOMs, was almost null, except for ATF A; therefore, FOMs should be used to compare the cooling performance of ATFs for electric drivetrains instead of a single property, such as thermal conductivity.
DesignIntelligence and the Ranking of Professional Architecture Programs: Issues, Impacts, and Suggestions
Authors: Rashid Mahbub
Published: September 2022

This paper studies the annual rankings of professional architectural degree programs by DesignIntelligence (DI). It uses a literature review and the statistical analysis of DI rankings and program-specific data to explore the limitations of the ranking system and its impacts on programs and public opinion. According to the findings of the study, the limitations of this system are related to the data it uses, the methods it uses to collect the data, and the way it uses the data for ranking purposes. Still, the ranking system can force architectural programs into a costly campaign for better ranks. It can also mislead prospective students in choosing programs that may not match their expectations. Additionally, it does not provide a reliable assessment of the capacity of a program to serve the profession and produce public good. It is suggested that a more objective, reliable, and relevant ranking system is needed for professional architecture degree programs. For this, the ranking system should emphasize criteria and methods different from the current DI system of rankings and should allow users to personalize rankings based on their perspectives, needs, and priorities.
Individual and Coupled Effects of Future Climate and Land Use Scenarios on Water Balance Components in an Australian Catchment
Authors: Zhang Hong , Wang Bin , Liu De Li , Leslie Lance M. , Shi Lijie , Zhang Mingxi , Yu Qiang
Published: September 2022

Assessing the impacts of both climate and land use changes on hydrologic variables is crucial for sustainable development of water resources and natural ecosystems. We conducted a case study of a catchment in southwestern Australia to assess the impacts of future climate and land use changes, both separately and in combination, on water resource availability. For this evaluation, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was first calibrated and then forced by 34 global climate models (GCMs), under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and five land use scenarios (LU0–4). Our results suggested that SWAT reproduced the observed monthly streamflow well. Land use changes have impacts on all hydrologic variables, especially on runoff at the annual scale. Future runoff was projected to decrease in all seasons, especially winter and spring. For the combined effects of climate and land use changes, the results of LU1–4 were only slightly different from the response of LU0. An uncertainty analysis shows that GCMs had the greatest contribution to hydrologic variables, followed by RCPs and land use scenarios. Hence, it is advisable for impacts analysis to use an ensemble of GCMs under different RCPs to minimize the uncertainty of projected future hydrologic variables.
Hyaluronic Acid Methacrylate Hydrogel-Modified Electrochemical Device for Adsorptive Removal of Lead(II)
Authors: Wang Nan , Bora Meghali , Hao Song , Tao Kai , Wu Jin , Hu Liangxing , Liao Jianjun , Lin Shiwei , Triantafyllou Michael S. , Li Xiaogan
Published: September 2022

This paper presents the development of a compact, three-electrode electrochemical device functionalized by a biocompatible layer of hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA) hydrogel for the adsorptive removal of detrimental lead (Pb(II)) ions in aqueous solutions. An adsorption mechanism pertaining to the observed analytical performance of the device is proposed and further experimentally corroborated. It is demonstrated that both the molecular interactions originating from the HAMA hydrogel and electrochemical accumulation originating from the electrode beneath contribute to the adsorption capability of the device. Infrared spectral analysis reveals that the molecular interaction is mainly induced by the amide functional group of the HAMA hydrogel, which is capable of forming the Pb(II)–amide complex. In addition, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) analysis indicates that the electrochemical accumulation is particularly valuable in facilitating the adsorption rate of the device by maintaining a high ion-concentration gradient between the solution and the hydrogel layer. ICP-MS measurements show that 94.08% of Pb(II) ions present in the test solution can be adsorbed by the device within 30 min. The HAMA hydrogel-modified electrochemical devices exhibit reproducible performance in the aspect of Pb(II) removal from tap water, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.28% (for n = 8). The experimental results suggest that the HAMA hydrogel-modified electrochemical device can potentially be used for the rapid, on-field remediation of Pb(II) contamination.
Metal and pH-Dependent Aptamer Binding of Tetracyclines Enabling Highly Sensitive Fluorescence Sensing
Authors: Zhao Yichen , Gao Biwen , Sun Peihuan , Liu Jiawen , Liu Juewen
Published: September 2022

Tetracyclines are a widely used group of antibiotics, many of which are currently only used in veterinary medicine and animal husbandry due to their adverse side effects. For the detection of tetracyclines, we previously reported a DNA aptamer named OTC5 that binds to tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline with similar KD’s of ~100 nM. Tetracyclines have an intrinsic fluorescence that is enhanced upon binding to OTC5, which can be used as a label-free and dye-free sensor. In this work, the effect of pH and metal ions on the sensor was studied. Mg2+ ions are required for the binding of OTC5 to its target with an optimal concentration of 2 mM. Other metal ions including Ca2+ and Zn2+ can also support aptamer binding. Although Mn2+ barely supported binding, the binding can be rescued by Mg2+. ITC studies confirmed that OTC5 had a KD of 0.2 μM at a pH of 6.0 and 0.03 μM at a pH of 8.3. Lower pH (pH 6) showed better fluorescence enhancement than higher pH (pH 8.3), although a pH of 6.0 had slightly higher KD values. Under optimized sensing conditions, sensors with limit of detections (LODs) of 0.1–0.7 nM were achieved for tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline, which are up to 50-fold lower than previously reported. Milk samples were also tested yielding an LOD of 16 nM oxytetracycline at a pH of 6.0.
Functional Evaluation and Nephrotoxicity Assessment of Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cells on a Chip
Authors: Jing Bolin , Yan Lei , Li Jiajia , Luo Piaopiao , Ai Xiaoni , Tu Pengfei
Published: September 2022

An in vitro human renal proximal tubule model that represents the proper transporter expression and pronounced epithelial polarization is necessary for the accurate prediction of nephrotoxicity. Here, we constructed a high-throughput human renal proximal tubule model based on an integrated biomimetic array chip (iBAC). Primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (hRPTECs) cultured on this microfluidic platform were able to form a tighter barrier, better transporter function and more sensitive nephrotoxicity prediction than those on the static Transwell. Compared with the human immortalized HK2 model, the hRPTECs model on the chip gained improved apical-basolateral polarization, barrier function and transporter expression. Polymyxin B could induce nephrotoxicity not only from the apical of the hRPTECs, but also from the basolateral side on the iBAC. However, other chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin and sunitinib, only induced nephrotoxicity from the apical surface of the hRPTECs on the iBAC. In summary, our renal proximal tubule model on the chip exhibits improved epithelial polarization and membrane transporter activity, and can be implemented as an effective nephrotoxicity-screening toolkit.
An Interplay between Lossy Mode Resonance and Surface Plasmon Resonance and Their Sensing Applications
Authors: Gaur Deependra Singh , Purohit Ankit , Mishra Satyendra Kumar , Mishra Akhilesh Kumar
Published: September 2022

Conducting metal oxide (CMO) supports lossy mode resonance (LMR) at the CMO-dielectric interface, whereas surface plasmon resonance (SPR) occurs at the typical plasmonic metal-dielectric interface. The present study investigates these resonances in the bi-layer (ITO + Ag) and tri-layer (ITO + Ag + ITO) geometries in the Kretschmann configuration of excitation. It has been found that depending upon the layer thicknesses one resonance dominates the other. In particular, in the tri-layer configuration of ITO + Ag + ITO, the effect of the thickness variation of the sandwiched Ag layer is explored and a resonance, insensitive to the change in the sensing medium refractive index (RI), has been reported. Further, the two kinds of RI sensing probes and the supported resonances have been characterized and compared in terms of sensitivity, detection accuracy and figure of merit. These studies will not only be helpful in gaining a better understanding of underlying physics but may also lead to the realization of biochemical sensing devices with a wider spectral range.
Portable Colorimetric Device with Commercial Microplates for Quantitative Detection of Urine Biomarkers: Design, Development, and Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Pham Anh Tran Tam , Tohl Damian , Hu Qi , Li Jordan , Reynolds Karen J. , Tang Youhong
Published: September 2022

Urine biomarkers are important in monitoring diseases related to human kidney function. The current processes for measuring biomarker levels in urine samples require patients to regularly visit clinical facilities, which is inconvenient and sometimes impossible for patients in rural areas. Therefore, portable analysis devices for the measurement of urine biomarkers are urgently requested. In this study, a portable platform using colorimetry, a common and simple-to-operate chemical analysis technique, was developed to measure urine biomarkers. The device, using commercial test kits as recognising reagents and a 96-well microplate as a solution container, provides quantitative measures of biomarker concentration. Moreover, the proposed device introduces a calibration method to minimise the dependence of regular maintenance. The device’s performance was evaluated with urine from 73 renal patients and its results matched with clinical results well. The device has the potential for measuring urine creatinine, in addition to performing a variety of commercial assays for biomarker detection in human body fluids in general.
Sleep Fosters Odor Recognition in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder but Not in Typically Developing Children
Authors: Munz Manuel , Wiesner Christian Dirk , Vollersen-Krekiehn Meike , Baving Lioba , Prehn-Kristensen Alexander
Published: September 2022

Prior experience represents a prerequisite for memory consolidation across various memory systems. In the context of olfaction, sleep was found to enhance the consolidation of odors in adults but not in typically developing children (TDC), likely due to differences in pre-experience. Interestingly, unmedicated children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental condition related to dopamine dysfunction, showed lower perceptive thresholds for odors, potentially allowing for more odor experience compared to TDC. We investigated sleep-associated odor memory consolidation in ADHD. Twenty-eight children with ADHD and thirty age-matched TDC participated in an incidental odor recognition task. For the sleep groups (ADHD: n = 14, TDC: n = 15), the encoding of 10 target odorants took place in the evening, and the retention of odorants was tested with 10 target odorants and 10 distractor odorants the next morning. In the wake groups (ADHD: n = 14, TDC: n = 15), the time schedule was reversed. Odor memory consolidation was superior in the ADHD sleep group compared to the TDC sleep and the ADHD wake groups. Intensity and familiarity ratings during encoding were substantially higher in ADHD compared to TDC. Sleep-associated odor memory consolidation in ADHD is superior to TDC. Abundant pre-experience due to lower perceptive thresholds is suggested as a possible explanation. Olfaction might serve as a biomarker in ADHD.
Flexural Behaviour of Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Beams Internally Reinforced with Welded Wire Mesh
Authors: Chandramouli Pavithra , Muthukrishnan Dinesh , Sridhar Venkatesh , Sathish Kumar Veerappan , Murali Gunasekaran , Vatin Nikolai Ivanovich
Published: September 2022

Lightweight clay aggregate (LECA) is manufactured by heating clay with no lime content in the kiln; as a result, the water evaporates and angular clay balls with pore structures are obtained. LECA possess internal curing properties as any other lightweight aggregate due to their pore structure and higher water absorption capacity. In this work, experimental and analytical behaviour using LECA as a 100% replacement for coarse aggregate to make lightweight concrete (LWC) beams was studied. The LWC beams were compared to the conventional concrete beams in load-deflection, energy absorption capacity, and ductility index. Internal mesh reinforcement using welded wire mesh (WWM) of (4 layers of 15 mm square spacing, 4 layers of 10 mm square spacing, and 4 layers of 15 mm and 10 mm mesh placed alternatively) was provided to enhance the load-carrying capacity of the LWC beam without increasing the dimensions and self-weight of the beams. The beam internally reinforced with WWM exhibited higher load carrying capacity and withstood more significant deflection without sudden failure. The internal reinforcement of WWM is provided to make steel rebars, and WWM works monolithically while loading; this will reduce the stress on tension bars and increase load-carrying capacity. Finally, the generated analytical findings agreed well with the experimental data, demonstrating that the analytical model could mimic the behaviour of LWC beams with WWM.
Evaluating Human Physiological Parameters and Thermal Responses to Sudden Temperature Change across Different Age-Groups: A Case Study of a Shopping Mall in Shenyang, China
Authors: Si Xiaomeng , Zhang Jiuhong , Ma Mingxiao
Published: September 2022

Shopping malls are large buildings and thus have extremely high heating or cooling costs and energy requirements. This study explored the response patterns of human physiological parameters to sudden temperature changes (temperature difference >30 °C) at moderate activity levels in a Shenyang shopping mall. The temperature was set to −12 °C for cold conditions and indoor temperature conditions were set to 18 and 24 °C. Fifty participants underwent hot—cold—hot room temperature exposure. The following results were observed for short-duration stays in the shopping mall. (1) When the temperature difference between hot and cold environments was >30 °C and the indoor temperature did not exceed 24 °C, 12–18 min on average was required for the body to reach a new physiological equilibrium. Children required less time to return to a steady state than other age-groups. (2) Children, adolescents, and young adults preferred indoor temperature conditions of 18 °C, whereas middle-aged adults preferred a slightly warmer environment. Thus, in view of the excessively high indoor temperature of the mall, its temperature should be maintained within a range that not only conserves energy but also provides human comfort.
Competence Model of Construction Project Manager in the Digital Era—The Case from China
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhang Hang , Zhang Ruixiang , Jiang Hongbing , Ju Qianqian
Published: September 2022

With the digital development of the construction industry, a new competence model of CPM (construction project manager) to meet the new requirements is highly needed. However, there is still a paucity of research on CPM competences in the new era, and no new CPM competence model has been constructed. To address this problem, this study uses data mining method to collect 2387 big data of recruitment advertisement in the Chinese construction market between August 2020 and October 2021 to construct a competence model of CPM in the digital era, which is called the Diamond model. The Diamond model consists of nine key competences, among which digital capability is a newly emerging one. The digital capability for CPMs is identified and classified into three levels, i.e., technology, knowledge and management. The requirements from the industry for the digital capability of CPM are mostly at the technology and knowledge levels. The results of the study provide a clear reference for both the demand and supply sides of CPM talents. Based on this, construction enterprises can formulate more accurate recruitment strategies, practitioners can dynamically benchmark themselves to the ever-changing industry needs and education, and training parties can better bridge the talent gap. Furthermore, the introduction of digital capability into the CPM competence system also provides a solid departure point for further follow-up research.
Compressive Capacity Prediction of Stirrup-Confined Concrete Columns Using Neuro-Fuzzy System
Authors: Naderpour Hosein , Akbari Mahdi , Mirrashid Masoomeh , Kontoni Denise-Penelope N.
Published: September 2022

The compressive capacity of the column is one of the key parameters in the design. The importance of such structural members and their performance under load conditions are very effective in the overall behavior of the structure, and its failure can lead to the collapse of the entire structure. Therefore, determining the capacity of columns is considered an important issue in structural problems. Thus, this article presents an applicable computational framework to predict the compression capacity of stirrups-confined concrete. A machine learning model based on neuro-fuzzy systems was considered to formulate the proposed model. For this purpose, some experimental datasets were gathered from the literature to tune the unknown parameters of the model and evaluate its accuracy. The target, the ratio of the ultimate axial capacity to bearing area, was predicted with consideration of the column properties, including the compressive strength of concrete, stirrups section area, dimension of the stirrups, and the column section. The results showed that the proposed framework could be used as an applicable technique to determine the compressive capacity of the stirrups-confined concrete columns.
Pramlintide: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Osteosarcoma through Metabolic Reprogramming
Authors: Yang Yuanzheng , Peng Zhanglong , Flores Elsa R. , Kleinerman Eugenie S.
Published: September 2022

Despite aggressive combination chemotherapy and surgery, outcomes for patients with osteosarcoma have remained stagnant for more than 25 years, and numerous clinical trials have identified no new therapies. p53 deletion or mutation is found in more than 80% of osteosarcoma tumors. In p53-deficient cancers with structurally altered p63 and p73, interfering with tumor cell metabolism using Pramlintide (an FDA-approved drug for type 2 diabetes) results in tumor regression. Pramlintide response is mediated through upregulation of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). Here, we showed that osteosarcoma cells have altered p63, p73, and p53, and decreased IAPP expression but have the two main IAPP receptors, CalcR and RAMP3, which inhibit glycolysis and induce apoptosis. We showed that in osteosarcoma cells with high- or mid-range glycolytic activity, Pramlintide decreased cell glycolysis, resulting in decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in vitro. In contrast, Pramlintide had no effect in osteosarcoma cells with low glycolytic activity. Using a subcutaneous osteosarcoma mouse model, we showed that intratumoral injection of Pramlintide-induced tumor regression. Tumor sections showed increased apoptosis and a decrease in Ki-67 and HIF-1α. These data suggest that in osteosarcoma cells with altered p53, p63, and p73 and a high glycolytic function, Pramlintide therapy can modulate metabolic programming and inhibit tumor growth.
Differences in Stakeholders’ Perception of the Impact of COVID-19 on Clinical Care and Decision-Making
Authors: Haier Joerg , Beller Johannes , Adorjan Kristina , Bleich Stefan , de Greck Moritz , Griesinger Frank , Heppt Markus V. , Hurlemann René , Mees Soeren Torge , Philipsen Alexandra , Rohde Gernot , Schilling Georgia , Trautmann Karolin , Combs Stephanie E. , Geyer Siegfried , Schaefers Juergen
Published: September 2022

Background: Pandemics are related to changes in clinical management. Factors that are associated with individual perceptions of related risks and decision-making processes focused on prevention and vaccination, but perceptions of other healthcare consequences are less investigated. Different perceptions of patients, nurses, and physicians on consequences regarding clinical management, decisional criteria, and burden were compared. Study Design: Cross-sectional OnCoVID questionnaire studies. Methods: Data that involved 1231 patients, physicians, and nurses from 11 German institutions that were actively involved in clinical treatment or decision-making in oncology or psychiatry were collected. Multivariate statistical approaches were used to analyze the stakeholder comparisons. Results: A total of 29.2% of professionals reported extensive changes in workload. Professionals in psychiatry returned severe impact of pandemic on all major aspects of their clinical care, but less changes were reported in oncology (p < 0.001). Both patient groups reported much lower recognition of treatment modifications and consequences for their own care. Decisional and pandemic burden was intensively attributed from professionals towards patients, but less in the opposite direction. Conclusions: All of the groups share concerns about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare management and clinical processes, but to very different extent. The perception of changes is dissociated in projection towards other stakeholders. Specific awareness should avoid the dissociated impact perception between patients and professionals potentially resulting in impaired shared decision-making.
Guidelines for Cancer Treatment during Pregnancy: Ethics-Related Content Evolution and Implications for Clinicians
Authors: Linkeviciute Alma , Canario Rita , Peccatori Fedro , Dierickx Kris
Published: September 2022

(1) Background: Current scientific evidence suggests that most cancers, including breast cancer, can be treated during pregnancy without compromising maternal and fetal outcomes. This, however, raises questions regarding the ethical implications of clinical care. (2) Methods: Using a systematic literature search, 32 clinical practice guidelines for cancer treatment during pregnancy published between 2002 and 2021 were selected for analysis and 25 of them mentioned or made references to medical ethics when offering clinical management guidance for clinicians. (3) Results: Four bioethical themes were identified: respect for patient’s autonomy, balanced approach to maternal and fetal beneficence, protection of the vulnerable and justice in resource allocation. Most guidelines recommended informing the pregnant patient about available evidence-based treatment options, offering counselling and support in the process of decision making. The relational aspect of a pregnant patient’s autonomy was also recognized and endorsed in a significant number of available guidelines. (4) Conclusions: Recognition and support of a patient’s autonomy and its relational aspects should remain an integral part of future clinical practice guidelines. Nevertheless, a more structured approach is needed when addressing existing and potential ethical issues in clinical practice guidelines for cancer treatment during pregnancy.
Neoadjuvant Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature and Ongoing Clinical Trials
Authors: Palmisciano Paolo , Ferini Gianluca , Khan Ramlah , Bin-Alamer Othman , Umana Giuseppe E. , Yu Kenny , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. , El Ahmadieh Tarek Y. , Haider Ali S.
Published: September 2022

Background: Brain metastases (BMs) carry a high morbidity and mortality burden. Neoadjuvant stereotactic radiotherapy (NaSRT) has shown promising results. We systematically reviewed the literature on NaSRT for BMs. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web-of-Science, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrial.gov were searched following the PRISMA guidelines to include studies and ongoing trials reporting NaSRT for BMs. Indications, protocols, and outcomes were analyzed using indirect random-effect meta-analyses. Results: We included 7 studies comprising 460 patients with 483 BMs, and 13 ongoing trials. Most BMs originated from non-small lung cell carcinoma (41.4%), breast cancer (18.7%) and melanoma (43.6%). Most patients had single-BM (69.8%) located supratentorial (77.8%). Patients were eligible if they had histologically-proven primary tumors and ≤4 synchronous BMs candidate for non-urgent surgery and radiation. Patients with primary tumors clinically responsive to radiotherapy, prior brain radiation, and leptomeningeal metastases were deemed non-eligible. Median planning target volume was 9.9 cm3 (range, 2.9–57.1), and NaSRT was delivered in 1-fraction (90.9%), 5-fraction (4.8%), or 3-fraction (4.3%), with a median biological effective dose of 39.6 Gy10 (range, 35.7–60). Most patients received piecemeal (76.3%) and gross-total (94%) resection after a median of 1-day (range, 1–10) post-NaSRT. Median follow-up was 19.2-months (range, 1–41.3). Actuarial post-treatment rates were 4% (95%CI: 2–6%) for symptomatic radiation necrosis, 15% (95%CI: 12–18%) and 47% (95%CI: 42–52%) for local and distant recurrences, 6% (95%CI: 3–8%) for leptomeningeal metastases, 81% (95%CI: 75–87%) and 59% (95%CI: 54–63%) for 1-year local tumor control and overall survival. Conclusion: NaSRT is effective and safe for BMs. Ongoing trials will provide high-level evidence on long-term post-treatment outcomes, further compared to adjuvant stereotactic radiotherapy.
Multi-Class Cancer Subtyping in Salivary Gland Carcinomas with MALDI Imaging and Deep Learning
Authors: Pertzborn David , Arolt Christoph , Ernst Günther , Lechtenfeld Oliver J. , Kaesler Jan , Pelzel Daniela , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , von Eggeling Ferdinand , Hoffmann Franziska
Published: September 2022

Salivary gland carcinomas (SGC) are a heterogeneous group of tumors. The prognosis varies strongly according to its type, and even the distinction between benign and malign tumor is challenging. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCy) is one subgroup of SGCs that is prone to late metastasis. This makes accurate tumor subtyping an important task. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging is a label-free technique capable of providing spatially resolved information about the abundance of biomolecules according to their mass-to-charge ratio. We analyzed tissue micro arrays (TMAs) of 25 patients (including six different SGC subtypes and a healthy control group of six patients) with high mass resolution MALDI imaging using a 12-Tesla magnetic resonance mass spectrometer. The high mass resolution allowed us to accurately detect single masses, with strong contributions to each class prediction. To address the added complexity created by the high mass resolution and multiple classes, we propose a deep-learning model. We showed that our deep-learning model provides a per-class classification accuracy of greater than 80% with little preprocessing. Based on this classification, we employed methods of explainable artificial intelligence (AI) to gain further insights into the spectrometric features of AdCys.
β-Amino Acid Organocatalysts in the Asymmetric Michael Addition of Isobutyraldehyde to N-Substituted Maleimides
Authors: Kozma Viktória , Szakonyi Zsolt , Szőllősi György
Published: September 2022

Asymmetric Michael additions of carbonyl compounds to N-substituted maleimides are among the most convenient reactions to prepare optically pure succinimide building blocks. Although a few β-amino acids were found to be highly efficient organocatalysts in the addition of α-branched aldehydes, the effect of their structure on the results of these reactions has not yet been investigated. In the present study, we disclose several unexpected and interesting structural effects of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic β-amino acids obtained in the enantioselective conjugate addition of isobutyraldehyde to N-benzylmaleimide. The dependence of the sense of the enantioselectivity on the bulkiness of the substituent on the β-carbon atom, the beneficial spatial arrangements of the functional groups in cis isomers with cyclohexane scaffold and the inversion of the enantioselectivity depending on the absence of a base additive observed with some trans isomers are unprecedented findings. The minor influence of the nitrogen substituent of the maleimide ring on both the reaction rate and the enantioselectivity was also evidenced using alicyclic β-amino acid prepared from an easily available terpene derivative.