bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcription factor HNF1β regulates expression of the calcium-sensing receptor in the thick ascending limb of the kidney
Authors: Kompatscher Andreas , de Baaij Jeroen H. F. , Aboudehen Karam , Farahani Shayan , van Son Lex H. J. , Milatz Susanne , Himmerkus Nina , Veenstra Gertjan C. , Bindels René J. M. , Hoenderop Joost G. J.
Published: March 2018

Mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1β) cause autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD-HNF1β), and patients tend to develop renal cysts, maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), and suffer from electrolyte disturbances, including hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, and hypocalciuria. Previous HNF1β research focused on the renal distal convoluted tubule (DCT) to elucidate the ADTKD-HNF1β electrolyte phenotype, although 70% of Mg2+ is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop (TAL). An important regulator of Mg2+ reabsorption in the TAL is the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). This study used several methods to elucidate the role of HNF1β in electrolyte reabsorption in the TAL. HNF1β ChIP-seq data revealed a conserved HNF1β binding site in the second intron of the CaSR gene. Luciferase-promoter assays displayed a 5.8-fold increase in CaSR expression when HNF1β was present. Expression of the HNF1β p.Lys156Glu mutant, which prevents DNA binding, abolished CaSR expression. Hnf1β knockdown in an immortalized mouse kidney TAL cell line (MKTAL) reduced expression of the CaSR and Cldn14 (claudin 14) by 56% and 48%, respectively, while Cldn10b expression was upregulated 5.0-fold. These results were confirmed in a kidney-specific HNF1β knockout mouse, which exhibited downregulation of the Casr by 81%. Cldn19 and Cldn10b expression levels were also decreased by 37% and 83%, respectively, whereas Cldn3 was upregulated by 4.6-fold. In conclusion, HNF1β is a transcriptional activator of the CaSR. Consequently, patients with HNF1β mutations may have reduced CaSR activity in the kidney, which could explain cyst progression and hyperabsorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the TAL resulting in hypocalciuria.
Parabolic Equation Modeling of Propagation over Terrain Using Digital Elevation Model
Authors: Guan Xiao-Wei , Guo Li-Xin , Wang Ya-Jiao , Li Qing-Liang
Published: March 2018

The parabolic equation method based on digital elevation model (DEM) is applied on propagation predictions over irregular terrains. Starting from a parabolic approximation to the Helmholtz equation, a wide-angle parabolic equation is deduced under the assumption of forward propagation and the split-step Fourier transform algorithm is used to solve it. The application of DEM is extended to the Cartesian coordinate system and expected to provide a precise representation of a three-dimensional surface with high efficiency. In order to validate the accuracy, a perfectly conducting Gaussian terrain profile is simulated and the results are compared with the shift map. As a consequence, a good agreement is observed. Besides, another example is given to provide a theoretical basis and reference for DEM selection. The simulation results demonstrate that the prediction errors will be obvious only when the resolution of the DEM used is much larger than the range step in the PE method.
Hypothermia in Multiple Sclerosis: Beyond the Hypothalamus? A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Berti Francesco , Arif Zeeshan , Constantinescu Cris , Gran Bruno
Published: March 2018

Hypothermia is a rare and poorly understood complication of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). We report on a 66-year-old patient currently with Secondary Progressive MS (SP-MS) who developed unexplained hypothermia associated with multiple hospitalisations and we review the literature on this topic. In our case, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain failed to highlight hypothalamic disease, but spinal MRI identified a number of spinal cord lesions. Given the incidence and clinical significance of spinal involvement in MS and the hypothermic disturbances observed in high Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), we hypothesise that upper spinal cord pathology, along with hypothalamic and brainstem dysfunctions, can contribute to hypothermia.
In Vivo Confocal Microscopic Observations of Vortex Keratopathy in Patients with Amiodarone-Induced Keratopathy and Fabry Disease
Authors: Ikegawa Yasuhito , Shiraishi Atsushi , Hayashi Yasuhito , Ogimoto Akiyoshi , Ohashi Yuichi
Published: March 2018

Purpose. To compare the morphology of two types of vortex keratopathy: amiodarone-induced keratopathy and the Fabry disease-associated keratopathy. Patients and Methods. Eight patients who were receiving oral amiodarone therapy and 3 patients with Fabry disease, a mother and her 2 daughters, were examined by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) regularly. Results. Amiodarone-induced keratopathy developed in 7 of the 8 patients, and it was detected as early as 7 days by IVCM and 14 days by slit-lamp biomicroscopy. The in vivo confocal microscopic images showed a clustering of corneal epithelial cells with a highly reflective cytoplasm in both types of keratopathy. In the amiodarone-induced keratopathy, the highly reflective epithelial cells were first found at the center of the cornea and then spread to the periphery with increasing time on amiodarone. In Fabry disease, the highly reflective epithelial cells were consistently observed extending from the limbus to the central cornea. Conclusion. These findings suggest that the corneal epithelial cells most likely endocytose amiodarone from the tear film in the amiodarone-induced keratopathy. In Fabry disease, globotriaosylceramide deposits are taken up by the lysosomes of the limbal epithelial stem cells, and they differentiate and migrate to the center of the cornea to form the whorl pattern.
On the Theoretical Analysis of the Plant Propagation Algorithms
Authors: Sulaiman Muhammad , Salhi Abdellah , Khan Asfandyar , Muhammad Shakoor , Khan Wali
Published: March 2018

Plant Propagation Algorithms (PPA) are powerful and flexible solvers for optimisation problems. They are nature-inspired heuristics which can be applied to any optimisation/search problem. There is a growing body of research, mainly experimental, on PPA in the literature. Little, however, has been done on the theoretical front. Given the prominence this algorithm is gaining in terms of performance on benchmark problems as well as practical ones, some theoretical insight into its convergence is needed. The current paper is aimed at fulfilling this by providing a sketch for a global convergence analysis.
Hydraulic-Hydrology Analysis of the Turbulent Seepage Flow within Karst Aquifer of the Golubinka Spring Catchment
Authors: Lončar Goran , Šreng Željko , Bekić Damir , Kunštek Duška
Published: March 2018

This paper shows the results of the hydraulic-hydrologic calculations of karst spring discharges and the groundwater level in the aquifer of spring catchment. The calculations were performed for the Golubinka spring in Zadar area for the 4-year period. The chosen approach was a model using relatively scarce data set, including limnigraphic data on the difference between the sea water level and the freshwater level on the spring itself and the precipitation data from the meteorological station Zadar. The determination of discharge hydrographs, based on inherent assumptions and available data, yields the proportionality coefficients between the discharge and the limnigraphic data on the Golubinka spring itself. Further, based on the discharge hydrograph, groundwater level oscillation was determined. The resulting spring discharge hydrograph and groundwater levels, along with the assumption of Golubinka spring as the only spring on the catchment, were used in creating turbulent seepage model of the fractured system within the aquifer, which evidently extends along the axis of the Golubinka spring catchment. The model yielded suitable turbulent seepage coefficients of the fracture system. By using the numerical model KarstMod it was estimated that, on average, concentrated fracture flow drains around 85% of infiltrated volumes and the remaining 15% accounts for diffuse matrix flow. Finally, the Modflow model was used in order to get insight into the flow field and the distribution of equipotentials in the aquifer of the Golubinka catchment.
Laparoscopic-Assisted Transgastric ERCP: A Single-Institution Experience
Authors: Habenicht Yancey Katherine , McCormack Lauren Katherine , McNatt Stephen Samuel , Powell Myron Sheavictor , Fernandez Adolfo Zachariah , Westcott Carl Joseph
Published: March 2018

Background. Laparoscopic-assisted transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (LAERCP) is used for treatment in patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), where transoral access to the biliary tree is not possible. We describe our technique and experience with this procedure.Methods. Electronic medical record search was performed from September 2012 to January 2016, identifying patients who underwent LAERCP per operative records. Charts were reviewed for demographic, clinical, and outcomes data.Results. Sixteen patients were identified. Average time since bypass was 6.9 years, and length of stay was 3.7 days. Five patients underwent simultaneous cholecystectomy. Eleven patients, or 43%, had cholecystectomy more than 2 years previously. ERCP with sphincterotomy was completed in 15 of 16 patients (94%). Our technique involves access to the bypassed stomach via a laparoscopically placed 15 mm port. We observed one major complication of post-ERCP necrotizing pancreatitis. No minor complications nor mortalities were seen in our series.Conclusion. Biliary obstruction can occur many years after RYGB and cholecystectomy. Our findings suggest that RYGB patients may be at a higher risk of primary CBD stone formation. LAERCP is a reliable option for common bile duct (CBD) clearance; our technique of LAERCP is technically simple and associated with low complication rate, making it appealing to surgeons not trained in advanced laparoscopy.
Experimental Study on Variable‐Amplitude Fatigue of Welded Cross Plate‐Hollow Sphere Joints in Grid Structures
Authors: Jiao Jin-Feng , Lei Hong-Gang , Chen Y. Frank
Published: March 2018

The fatigue stress amplitude of the welded cross plate‐hollow sphere joint (WCPHSJ) in a grid structure varies due to the random loading produced by suspending cranes. A total of 14 specimens considering three different types of WCPHSJs were prepared and tested using a specially designed test rig. Four typical loading conditions, “low‐high,” “high‐low,” “low‐high‐low,” and “high‐low‐high,” were first considered in the tests to investigate the fatigue behavior under variable load amplitudes, followed by metallographic analyses. The experimental and metallographic analysis results provide a fundamental understanding on the fatigue fracture form and fatigue mechanism of WCPHSJs. Based on the available data from constant‐amplitude fatigue tests, the variable‐amplitude fatigue life of the three types of WCPHSJs was estimated using the Miner rule and Corten‐Dolan theory. Since both accumulative damage theories yield virtually same damaging results, the Miner rule is hence suggested to estimate the fatigue life of WCPHSJs.
Microstructure and Wear Resistance of TIG Remelted NiCrBSi Thick Coatings
Authors: Li Guo-lu , Li Ya-long , Dong Tian-shun , Wang Hai-dou , Zheng Xiao-dong , Zhou Xiu-kai
Published: March 2018

The self‐fluxing NiCrBSi coatings with 800 μm thickness were prepared on the surface of AISI1045 steel substrate by plasma spraying. And the remelted coating was obtained using by the tungsten inert gas (TIG) arc process. The microstructure, surface roughness, hardness, phase composition, and wear resistance of the sprayed coating and remelted coating were systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that TIG remelted treatment can significantly eliminate the microscopic defects in thick coating and improve its density. The surface roughness (Ra) of the remelted coating is only 18.9% of the sprayed coating. The hardness of the remelted coating is 26.8% higher than that of the sprayed coating. The main phases in the sprayed coating are changed from γ‐Ni, Cr7C3, and Cr2B to γ‐Ni, Cr23C6, CrB, Ni3B, and Fe3C. The wear mass loss of the remelted coating is only 17.1% of the sprayed coating. Therefore, a Ni‐based thick coating with good wear resistance can be obtained by plasma spraying and remelted technique.
Improved Microstrip Antenna with HIS Elements and FSS Superstrate for 2.4 GHz Band Applications
Authors: Arnmanee Praphat , Phongcharoenpanich Chuwong
Published: March 2018

This research presents a microstrip antenna integrated with the high-impedance surface (HIS) elements and the modified frequency selective surface (FSS) superstrate for 2.4 GHz band applications. The electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure was utilized in the fabrication of both the HIS and FSS structures. An FR-4 substrate with 120 mm × 120 mm × 0.8 mm in dimension (W × L × T) and a dielectric constant of 4.3 was used in the antenna design. In the antenna development, the HIS elemental structure was mounted onto the antenna substrate around the radiation patch to suppress the surface wave, and the modified FSS superstrate was suspended 20 mm above the radiating patch to improve the directivity. Simulations were carried out to determine the optimal dimensions of the components and the antenna prototype subsequently fabricated and tested. The simulation and measured results were agreeable. The experimental results revealed that the proposed integrated antenna (i.e., the microstrip antenna with the HIS and FSS structures) outperformed the conventional microstrip antenna with regard to reflection coefficient, the radiation pattern, gain, and radiation efficiency. Specifically, the proposed antenna could achieve the measured antenna gain of 10.14 dBi at 2.45 GHz and the reflection coefficient of less than −10 dB and was operable in the 2.39–2.51 GHz frequency range.
Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in Different Heavy Oil Wells of a Reservoir in South Oman with Alkaline pH
Authors: Shibulal Biji , Al-Bahry Saif N. , Al-Wahaibi Yahya M. , Elshafie Abdulkadir E. , Al-Bemani Ali S. , Joshi Sanket J.
Published: March 2018

The identification of potential hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria is an essential requirement in microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). Molecular approaches like proteomic and genomic characterization of the isolates are replacing the traditional method of identification with systemic classification. Genotypic profiling of the isolates includes fingerprint or pattern-based technique and sequence-based technique. Understanding community structure and dynamics is essential for studying diversity profiles and is challenging in the case of microbial analysis. The present study aims to understand the bacterial community composition from different heavy oil contaminated soil samples collected from geographically related oil well areas in Oman and to identify spore-forming hydrocarbon utilizing cultivable bacteria. V4 region of 16S rDNA gene was the target for Ion PGM™. A total of 825081 raw sequences were obtained from Ion torrent from all the 10 soil samples. The species richness and evenness were found to be moderate in all the samples with four main phyla, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, the most abundant being Firmicutes.Bacillussp. ubiquitously dominated in all samples followed byPaenibacillus, which was followed byBrevibacillus,Planococcus, andFlavobacterium. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and UPGMA dendrogram clustered the 10 soil samples into four main groups. Weighted UniFrac significance test determined that there was significant difference in the communities present in soil samples examined. It can be concluded that the microbial community was different in all the 10 soil samples withBacillusandPaenibacillussp. as predominating genus. The 16S rDNA sequencing of cultivable spore-forming bacteria identified the hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria asBacillusandPaenibacillussp. and the nucleotide sequences were submitted to NCBI GenBank under accession numbers KP119097–KP119115.BacillusandPaenibacillussp., which were relatively abundant in the oil fields, can be recommended to be chosen as candidates for hydrocarbon utilization study.
Performance Optimization for Overloaded MIMO Systems with Virtual Channel Approach
Authors: Yang Guide , Zhou Yuanping , Xia Wenlong
Published: March 2018

In this letter, we propose a virtual channel (VC) optimization approach with a closed‐loop and adaptive scheme for overloaded MIMO systems. With this approach, each input data stream goes through a VC which is generated at the transmitter; then it is transmitted to a receiver through the actual wireless channels. The VCs are concatenated with the actual wireless channels. Through VC optimization, the values of which can be adjusted to reduce the channel correlation, leading to a much improved system performance. Compared to the conventional overloaded MIMO systems, the overloaded MIMO systems with this approach can achieve significantly better performances in terms of the system capacity and symbol error rate (SER). The method that uses genetic algorithm (GA) for finding the optimal VC vector is described. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Induction of Telomere Dysfunction Prolongs Disease Control of Therapy-Resistant Melanoma
Authors: Zhang Gao , Wu Lawrence W. , Mender Ilgen , Barzily-Rokni Michal , Hammond Marc R. , Ope Omotayo , Cheng Chaoran , Vasilopoulos Themistoklis , Randell Sergio , Sadek Norah , Beroard Aurelie , Xiao Min , Tian Tian , Tan Jiufeng , Saeed Umar , Sugarman Eric , Krepler Clemens , Brafford Patricia , Sproesser Katrin , Murugan Sengottuvelan , Somasundaram Rajasekharan , Garman Bradley , Wubbenhorst Bradley , Woo Jonathan , Yin Xiangfan , Liu Qin , Frederick Dennie T. , Miao Benchun , Xu Wei , Karakousis Giorgos C. , Xu Xiaowei , Schuchter Lynn M. , Mitchell Tara C. , Kwong Lawrence N. , Amaravadi Ravi K. , Lu Yiling , Boland Genevieve M. , Wei Zhi , Nathanson Katherine , Herbig Utz , Mills Gordon B. , Flaherty Keith T. , Herlyn Meenhard , Shay Jerry W.
Published: March 2018

Purpose: Telomerase promoter mutations are highly prevalent in human tumors including melanoma. A subset of patients with metastatic melanoma often fail multiple therapies, and there is an unmet and urgent need to prolong disease control for those patients.

Experimental Design: Numerous preclinical therapy-resistant models of human and mouse melanoma were used to test the efficacy of a telomerase-directed nucleoside, 6-thio-2′-deoxyguanosine (6-thio-dG). Integrated transcriptomics and proteomics approaches were used to identify genes and proteins that were significantly downregulated by 6-thio-dG.

Results: We demonstrated the superior efficacy of 6-thio-dG both in vitro and in vivo that results in telomere dysfunction, leading to apoptosis and cell death in various preclinical models of therapy-resistant melanoma cells. 6-thio-dG concomitantly induces telomere dysfunction and inhibits the expression level of AXL.

Conclusions: In summary, this study shows that indirectly targeting aberrant telomerase in melanoma cells with 6-thio-dG is a viable therapeutic approach in prolonging disease control and overcoming therapy resistance. Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4771–84. ©2018 AACR.

See related commentary by Teh and Aplin, p. 4629
Protein
S
-Nitrosylation Controls Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Function Independent of Its Phosphorylation State
Authors: Wang Sheng-Bing , Venkatraman Vidya , Crowgey Erin L. , Liu Ting , Fu Zongming , Holewinski Ronald , Ranek Mark , Kass David A. , O’Rourke Brian , Van Eyk Jennifer E.
Published: March 2018

Rationale:

GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β) is a multifunctional and constitutively active kinase known to regulate a myriad of cellular processes. The primary mechanism to regulate its function is through phosphorylation-dependent inhibition at serine-9 residue. Emerging evidence indicates that there may be alternative mechanisms that control GSK-3β for certain functions.

Objectives:

Here, we sought to understand the role of protein
S
-nitrosylation (SNO) on the function of GSK-3β. SNO-dependent modulation of the localization of GSK-3β and its ability to phosphorylate downstream targets was investigated in vitro, and the network of proteins differentially impacted by phospho- or SNO-dependent GSK-3β regulation and in vivo SNO modification of key signaling kinases during the development of heart failure was also studied.

Methods and Results:

We found that GSK-3β undergoes site-specific SNO both in vitro, in HEK293 cells, H9C2 myoblasts, and primary neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, as well as in vivo, in hearts from an animal model of heart failure and sudden cardiac death.
S
-nitrosylation of GSK-3β significantly inhibits its kinase activity independent of the canonical phospho-inhibition pathway.
S
-nitrosylation of GSK-3β promotes its nuclear translocation and access to novel downstream phosphosubstrates which are enriched for a novel amino acid consensus sequence motif. Quantitative phosphoproteomics pathway analysis reveals that nuclear GSK-3β plays a central role in cell cycle control, RNA splicing, and DNA damage response.

Conclusions:

The results indicate that SNO has a differential effect on the location and activity of GSK-3β in the cytoplasm versus the nucleus. SNO modification of GSK-3β occurs in vivo and could contribute to the pathobiology of heart failure and sudden cardiac death.
Robust Encoding of Spatial Information in Orbitofrontal Cortex and Striatum
Authors: Yoo Seng Bum Michael , Sleezer Brianna J. , Hayden Benjamin Y.
Published: March 2018

Knowing whether core reward regions carry information about the positions of relevant objects is crucial for adjudicating between choice models. One limitation of previous studies, including our own, is that spatial positions can be consistently differentially associated with rewards, and thus position can be confounded with attention, motor plans, or target identity. We circumvented these problems by using a task in which value—and thus choices—was determined solely by a frequently changing rule, which was randomized relative to spatial position on each trial. We presented offers asynchronously, which allowed us to control for reward expectation, spatial attention, and motor plans in our analyses. We find robust encoding of the spatial position of both offers and choices in two core reward regions, orbitofrontal Area 13 and ventral striatum, as well as in dorsal striatum of macaques. The trial-by-trial correlation in noise in encoding of position was associated with variation in choice, an effect known as choice probability correlation, suggesting that the spatial encoding is associated with choice and is not incidental to it. Spatial information and reward information are not carried by separate sets of neurons, although the two forms of information are temporally dissociable. These results highlight the ubiquity of multiplexed information in association cortex and argue against the idea that these ostensible reward regions serve as part of a pure value domain.
Functional Specificity and Sex Differences in the Neural Circuits Supporting the Inhibition of Automatic Imitation
Authors: Darda Kohinoor M. , Butler Emily E. , Ramsey Richard
Published: March 2018

Humans show an involuntary tendency to copy other people's actions. Although automatic imitation builds rapport and affiliation between individuals, we do not copy actions indiscriminately. Instead, copying behaviors are guided by a selection mechanism, which inhibits some actions and prioritizes others. To date, the neural underpinnings of the inhibition of automatic imitation and differences between the sexes in imitation control are not well understood. Previous studies involved small sample sizes and low statistical power, which produced mixed findings regarding the involvement of domain-general and domain-specific neural architectures. Here, we used data from Experiment 1 ( N = 28) to perform a power analysis to determine the sample size required for Experiment 2 ( N = 50; 80% power). Using independent functional localizers and an analysis pipeline that bolsters sensitivity, during imitation control we show clear engagement of the multiple-demand network (domain-general), but no sensitivity in the theory-of-mind network (domain-specific). Weaker effects were observed with regard to sex differences, suggesting that there are more similarities than differences between the sexes in terms of the neural systems engaged during imitation control. In summary, neurocognitive models of imitation require revision to reflect that the inhibition of imitation relies to a greater extent on a domain-general selection system rather than a domain-specific system that supports social cognition.
Rights in Conflict: The Clash between Abolishing the Death Penalty and Delivering Justice to the Victims
Authors: Wheeler Caleb H.
Published: March 2018

The abolition of the death penalty and delivering justice to the victims of atrocity crimes are two dominant international human rights issues. Despite the prominence of both issues, the international human rights community views the abolition of the death penalty as being the more important objective. This is evidenced by the preclusion of the use of the death penalty as a punishment at international and internationalized criminal courts and tribunals despite the fact that some victims have indicated that they can only experience justice following the execution of the perpetrators of the crimes committed against them. This article addresses whether these two goals are in conflict, whether that conflict is intractable and whether it is appropriate to prioritize one objective over the other. Finally, it concludes that these two goals are incompatible, and that the victim’s right to justice must give way in favour of the right to life.
First Trial Geophysical Surveys at Kintampo Open-Air Sites: Results, Recommendations, Research Prospects
Authors: Magnavita Carlos , Lüth Friedrich , Appiah-Adu Siaw
Published: March 2018

Within the scope of a short-term pilot study, the authors conducted trial geophysical surveys at two sites of the late Holocene food-producing Kintampo Complex (ca. 2100-1400BC) in northern Ghana. Overall goal of research was an evaluation of the potential of employing geophysical prospecting to map the subsurface extent of Kintampo open-air settlements. From an archaeological viewpoint, the results of the surveys were satisfactory but not outstanding in view of post-depositional disturbances at the locations. Based on that knowledge, we argue for the need of developing a systematic archaeological reconnaissance and research program for locating new and virtually undisturbed open-air Kintampo sites. We maintain that such a preliminary measure will be crucial both for investigating hitherto neglected research issues such as Kintampo settlement pattern and landscape exploitation as well as allowing geophysical technologies to fully evolve as central explorative tools in regard to settlement-related spatial questions.
Taxonomic review of the rare Mexican snake genus Chersodromus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae), with the description of two new species
Authors: CANSECO-MÁRQUEZ LUIS , RAMÍREZ-GONZÁLEZ CYNTHIA G. , CAMPBELL JONATHAN A.
Published: March 2018

Chersodromus is an endemic Mexican genus of snakes characterized by fused prefrontals shield. Only two species were previously known within the genus, C. liebmanni and C. rubriventris. We describe two new congeners, one from the Sierra Madre Oriental of northern Puebla and another from the Atlantic lowlands of the Chimalapas region in southeastern Oaxaca. These new species can be clearly differentiated on the basis of their morphology. Diagnostic characters distinguishing congeners include the number of dorsal scale rows, supralabials, and infralabials contacting anterior chinshields; whether or not the mental contacts the first pair of chinshields; and the coloration of the belly. We provide hemipenal descriptions of three species for which males are known.
Evaluation and Postprocessing of Ensemble Fire Weather Predictions over the Northeast United States
Authors: Erickson Michael J. , Colle Brian A. , Charney Joseph J.
Published: March 2018

The Short-Range Ensemble Forecast (SREF) system is verified and bias corrected for fire weather days (FWDs) defined as having an elevated probability of wildfire occurrence using a statistical Fire Weather Index (FWI) over a subdomain of the northeastern United States (NEUS) between 2007 and 2014. The SREF is compared to the Rapid Update Cycle and Rapid Refresh analyses for temperature, relative humidity, specific humidity, and the FWI. An additive bias correction is employed using the most recent previous 14 days [sequential bias correction (SBC)] and the most recent previous 14 FWDs [conditional bias correction (CBC)]. Synoptic weather regimes on FWDs are established using cluster analysis (CA) on North American Regional Reanalysis sea level pressure, 850-hPa temperature, 500-hPa temperature, and 500-hPa geopotential height. SREF severely underpredicts FWI (by two indices at FWI = 3) on FWDs, which is partially corrected using SBC and largely corrected with CBC. FWI underprediction is associated with a cool (ensemble mean error of −1.8 K) and wet near-surface model bias (ensemble mean error of 0.46 g kg−1) that decreases to near zero above 800 hPa. Although CBC improves reliability and Brier skill scores on FWDs, ensemble FWI values exhibit underdispersion. CA reveals three synoptic weather regimes on FWDs, with the largest cool and wet biases associated with a departing surface low pressure system. These results suggest the potential benefit of an operational analog bias correction on FWDs. Furthermore, CA may help elucidate model error during certain synoptic weather regimes.
Media Coverage of Mass Killers: Content, Consequences, and Solutions
Authors: Lankford Adam , Madfis Eric
Published: March 2018

In recent years, major media organizations have wondered if their coverage of mass shooters actually increases the risk of future attacks, and have asked how their reporting could be improved. In response, 149 experts have called for media to stop publishing the names and photos of mass killers (except during ongoing searches for escaped suspects), but continue reporting the other details of these crimes as needed. Here, we review some of the most important scientific findings on (a) the nature of media coverage of mass killers, (b) its consequences, and (c) solutions that could help make this coverage safer, and summarize how new studies published in this special issue of American Behavioral Scientist add to this valuable knowledge base.
Grievances, Mobilization, and Mass Opposition to Authoritarian Regimes: A Subnational Analysis of East Germany’s 1953 Abbreviated Revolution
Authors: Thomson Henry
Published: March 2018

Mass opposition to authoritarian governments is caused by economic grievances and factors which facilitate mobilization. In this article, I explore these competing explanations of revolution with a county-level analysis of the June 17, 1953, uprising against the socialist dictatorship in East Germany. I argue that grievances can drive unrest, but only when they are disproportionately large and clearly attributable to a regime. Mobilization capacity is the primary driver of unrest outcomes, but depends on group structure and communications networks which are difficult to capture using cross-national indicators. Independent farmers with intense grievances attributable to the East German regime’s agricultural collectivization policies were associated with unrest despite significant obstacles to mobilization. Construction workers with strong mobilization structures and dense communications networks were significant instigators of unrest despite small numbers and moderate grievances. These findings raise important questions for both theoretical and empirical treatments of revolutionary threats to autocratic regimes.
Accuracy of an oscillometric blood pressure monitor in anesthetized pigs
Authors: Reed Rachel , Barletta Michele , Grimes Janet , Mumaw Jennifer , Park Hea Jin , Giguère Steeve , Azain Michael , Fang Xi , Quandt Jane
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of an oscillometric blood pressure monitor in anesthetized pigs. Invasive blood pressure (IBP) and noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurements were taken using a DRE Waveline Pro multiparameter monitor at four different time points in 17 pigs undergoing injectable anesthesia. NIBP measurements were taken on both the thoracic and pelvic limbs. Bland Altman analysis was used to assess agreement between methods and a linear mixed-effects model was used to evaluate the effect of cuff position and blood pressure on bias. Invasive systolic arterial pressure (SAP) ranged between 112 and 161 mmHg (mean ± SD: 138.8 ± 13.3; median: 139.5). Invasive diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) ranged between 60 and 104 mmHg (mean ± SD: 86.0 ± 9.1; median: 87.0). Invasive mean arterial pressure (MAP) ranged between 79 and 121 mmHg (mean ± SD: 103.2 ± 9.3; median 103.0). Only the diastolic and mean measurements obtained from the pelvic limb met criteria outlined by the American College of Internal Medicine for required accuracy of NIBP monitors. Bias was significantly higher in the thoracic limb in comparison to the pelvic limb and was significantly higher at blood pressures above median. In general, NIBP measurements underestimated IBP measurements. In conclusion, the use of the DRE Waveline Pro to assess NIBP in anesthetized pigs may be useful in monitoring trends in mean and diastolic blood pressure and is most accurate when used on the pelvic limb.
Effects of Different Conditioning Activities on 100-m Dash Performance in High School Track and Field Athletes
Authors: Ferreira-Júnior João B. , Guttierres Ana P. M. , Encarnação Irismar G. A. , Lima Jorge R. P. , Borba Diego A. , Freitas Eduardo D. S. , Bemben Michael G. , Vieira Carlos A. , Bottaro Martim
Published: March 2018

This study compared the effects of different conditioning activities on the 100-m dash performance of 11 male, high school track and field athletes (mean age = 16.3; SD = 1.2 years). Participants performed a 100-m dash seven minutes after each of four randomized conditioning protocols, with each condition and 100-m dash separated by 3–10 days. The conditioning protocols were (a) control, no conditioning activity; (b) weighted plyometric, three sets of 10 repetitions of alternate leg bounding with additional load of 10% of the body mass; (c) free sprint, two 20-m sprints; and (d) resisted sprint (RS), two 20-m resisted sprints using an elastic tubing tool. We obtained session ratings of perceived exertion (SRPE) immediately after each conditioning protocol. There were no significant differences between any of the three experimental conditioning activities on 100-m sprint time, but the RS protocol improved 100-m sprint time compared with the control (no conditioning) protocol ( p < .001). The RS also led to greater sprint velocity and higher SRPE compared with the control condition ( p < .01). There was no significant association between SRPE and 100-m performance ( p = .77, r = .05). These results suggest a benefit for young male track and field athletes to the elastic tubing warm-up activities prior to the 100-m dash.
Perfectionistic Strivings, Motivation and Engagement in Sport-Specific Activities Among Adolescent Team Athletes
Authors: Vink Kristi , Raudsepp Lennart
Published: March 2018

The present study sought to extend existing literature by examining the longitudinal relationships between perfectionistic strivings, autonomous motivation, and engagement in sport-specific activities among youth athletes in three team sports. Participants were 172 team sports athletes (mean age = 15.2 years, SD = 0.5; males = 94, females = 78) who completed measures of perfectionistic strivings and autonomous motivation at the start and end of a competitive season. Players also completed a training diary during the season. Cross-lagged path analysis, found a reciprocal and positive relationship between autonomous motivation and engagement in sport-specific activities. In addition, higher perfectionistic strivings at the start of a competitive season were positively associated with engagement in sport-specific activities at the end of season and not the reverse. Autonomous motivation mediated this relationship between perfectionistic strivings and sport-specific activities engagement. Thus, this study supports the reciprocal association between motivation and engagement in sport-specific activities and unidirectional relations between perfectionistic strivings and sport-specific activities engagement among youth team sports athletes.
A novel hybrid model using the rotation forest-based differential evolution online sequential extreme learning machine for illumination correction of dyed fabrics
Authors: Zhou Zhiyu , Gao Xu , Zhang Jianxin , Zhu Zefei , Hu Xudong
Published: March 2018

This study proposes an ensemble differential evolution online sequential extreme learning machine (DE-OSELM) for textile image illumination correction based on the rotation forest framework. The DE-OSELM solves the inaccuracy and long training time problems associated with traditional illumination correction algorithms. First, the Grey–Edge framework is used to extract the low-dimensional and efficient image features as online sequential extreme learning machine (OSELM) input vectors to improve the training and learning speed of the OSELM. Since the input weight and hidden-layer bias of OSELMs are randomly obtained, the OSELM algorithm has poor prediction accuracy and low robustness. To overcome this shortcoming, a differential evolution algorithm that has the advantages of good global search ability and robustness is used to optimize the input weight and hidden-layer bias of the DE-OSELM. To further improve the generalization ability and robustness of the illumination correction model, the rotation forest algorithm is used as the ensemble framework, and the DE-OSELM is used as the base learner to replace the regression tree algorithm in the original rotation forest algorithm. Then, the obtained multiple different DE-OSELM learners are aggregated to establish the prediction model. The experimental results show that compared with the textile color correction algorithm based on the support vector regression and extreme learning machine algorithms, the ensemble illumination correction method achieves high prediction accuracy, strong robustness, and good generalization ability.
Differentiating Predictive Validity and Practical Utility for the Australian Adaptation of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory
Authors: McGrath Andrew J. , Thompson Anthony P. , Goodman-Delahunty Jane
Published: March 2018

The predictive validity for the Australian Adaptation of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory was tested in a large sample ( N = 4,401) of community-based juvenile offenders in New South Wales, Australia. First, we compared gender and ethnic subgroups on domain, total scores, and predictive validity. Both similarities and modest differences emerged in mean scores across subgroups. The pattern of predictive validity results showed comparable indices by gender and ethnic subgroups. Second, we supplemented our quantitative method with a review of 26 case files with the lowest risk scores and a 1-year reoffense, and 25 case files with the highest risk scores and no 1-year reoffense. We discuss implications of the findings for improving the predictive validity and practical utility of risk–need assessment with juvenile offenders.
Zapatismo as a Resonant Public Pedagogy
Authors: Anderson James K. , Springer Noah J.
Published: March 2018

As a critical pedagogy similar to the type described by the philosopher-educator Paulo Freire, Zapatismo expresses resistance to the power-over relationships institutionalized in capitalism and the state through open-ended questioning. Previous analyses have argued that the Zapatista struggle has been incommunicable, that it can be defined in terms of new media, that Zapatismo advances a Leninist ideology, and that its resonance is rhizo-matic. A challenge to these assumptions drawing on negative dialectics suggests that, as prefiguration of other worlds beyond the neoliberal reality, Zapatismo resonates because it teaches the recovery of democracy by direct collective decision making and horizontal organization and communication. Philosophical inquiry shows that Zapatismo has recollected the radical imaginary and resonated through the Independent Media Center network and Occupy Wall Street and continues to be borrowed and adapted by Occupy offshoots, anticapitalist collectives, and ongoing initiatives.

Como una pedagogía crítica similar a aquella descrita por el filósofo y educador Paulo Freire, el Zapatismo expresa resistencia a las relaciones de poder institucionalizadas en el capitalismo y el Estado a través de preguntas abiertas. Análisis previos argumentan que la lucha zapatista no ha sido comunicable, que puede definirse en términos de nuevos medios, que promueve una ideología leninista, y que cuenta con resonancia rizomática. Un desafío a todas estas suposiciones basadas en una dialéctica negativa sugiere que, como prefiguración de otros mundos más allá de la realidad neoliberal, el Zapatismo resuena porque enseña cómo recuperar la democracia mediante la toma de decisiones colectivas directas y la organización y comunicación horizontal. Una investigación filosófica da muestra de que el Zapatismo ha recobrado el imaginario radical y resonado a través de la red del Centro de Medios Independientes y Occupy Wall Street. También, que aún es tomado en préstamo y adaptado por Occupy, grupos anticapitalistas, y otras iniciativas en curso.
Is workplace democracy associated with wider pro-democracy affect? A structural equation model
Authors: Timming Andrew , Summers Juliette
Published: March 2018

Using structural equation modelling, this article examines the hypothesis that employees can learn about democracy through employee participation in workplace decision-making, thus resulting in more positive attitudes toward democracy in the wider political arena. The research finds that workplace democracy is strongly positively associated with increased interest in politics and wider pro-democracy affect. This result holds true even when controlling for reverse causality and the confounding influence of trade union membership. The article suggests that work can have an important effect on wider governance at the level of the community and the state.
Do Differences in High School Principal and Assistant Principal Perceptions Predict Student Achievement Outcomes?
Authors: Houchens Gary , Niu Chunling , Zhang Jie , Miller Stephen K. , Norman Antony D.
Published: March 2018

The assistant principal plays a key role in school success but research suggests there are differences between principals and assistant principals in their perceptions of their roles. The 2011 Teaching, Empowering, Leading, and Learning Kentucky survey responses of educator perceptions were statistically analyzed for the statewide sample of principals and assistant principals. Results indicate that principals and assistant principals reported significantly different perceptions regarding teacher leadership and school leadership. Differences in principal and assistant principal responses were not related to student achievement, however. Implications for collaborative engagement between principals and assistant principals as they focus on increasing school leadership and teacher effectiveness are discussed.
Safety and efficacy of maintenance ketamine treatment in patients with treatment-refractory generalised anxiety and social anxiety disorders
Authors: Glue Paul , Neehoff Shona M , Medlicott Natalie J , Gray Andrew , Kibby Guy , McNaughton Neil
Published: March 2018

Objective:

In this maintenance treatment study, we sought to evaluate the effect on anxiety ratings, safety and tolerability of 3 months of weekly ketamine in 20 patients with treatment-refractory DSM IV generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and/or social anxiety disorder (SAD), and subsequent assessment of remission post-treatment.

Methods:

This was an uncontrolled open-label study in 20 patients who had been responders in an ascending dose ketamine study. The study was undertaken in a university clinic. Patients received one or two weekly ketamine doses of 1 mg/kg injected subcutaneously for 3 months. Data were collected from December 2015–June 2017.

Results:

There were 10 women (50%) and 10 men (50%); 15 patients (75%) met criteria for GAD and 18 (90%) for SAD. One hour after dosing, Fear Questionnaire ratings decreased by ~50%, as did Hamilton Anxiety ratings. Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale mean scores declined over time, from 20 points at week 1 to 8.8 points at week 14. Compared with pre-dose values, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased by ~10 mm Hg at 30 min. The most common adverse events were nausea, dizziness and blurred vision. Of the 20 patients, 18 reported improved social functioning and/or work functioning during maintenance treatment.

Conclusions:

Weekly ketamine dosing was safe and well tolerated, and post-dose dissociative symptoms tended to reduce after repeated dosing. Patients reported marked improvements in functionality and in their personal lives. Maintenance ketamine may be a therapeutic alternative for patients with treatment refractory GAD/SAD.

Trial Registration:

http://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12615000617561
Cerebrovascular blood oxygenation level dependent pulsatility at baseline and following acute exercise among healthy adolescents
Authors: Theyers Athena E , Goldstein Benjamin I , Metcalfe Arron WS , Robertson Andrew D , MacIntosh Bradley J
Published: March 2018

Arterial stiffness is linked to cerebral small vessel damage and neurodegeneration, but barriers to accessing deep cerebrovascular anatomy limit our ability to assess the brain. This study describes an adaptation of a cardiac-related scrubbing method as a means of generating blood oxygenation level-dependent pulsatility maps based on the cardiac cycle. We examine BOLD pulsatility at rest, based on the non-parametric deviation from null metric, as well as changes following acute physiological stress from 20 min of moderate-intensity cycling in 45 healthy adolescents. We evaluate the influence of repetition time (TR) and echo time (TE) using simulated and multi-echo empirical data, respectively. There were tissue-specific and voxel-wise BOLD pulsatility decreases 20 min following exercise cessation. BOLD pulsatility detection was comparable over a range of TR and TE values when scan volumes were kept constant; however, short TRs (≤500 ms) and TEs (∼14 ms) acquisitions would yield the most efficient detection. Results suggest cardiac-related BOLD pulsatility may represent a robust and easily adopted method of mapping cerebrovascular pulsatility with voxel-wise resolution.