bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiologic levels of Epidermal Growth Factor in saliva stimulate cell migration of an oral epithelial cell line, HO‐1‐N‐1
Authors: Ohshima Mitsuhiro , Sato Masashi , Ishikawa Masako , Maeno Masao , Otsuka Kichibee
Published: March 2003

An oral epithelial cell line derived from buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma, HO‐1‐N‐1, was used to elucidate the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in saliva on wound healing of the oral mucosa. The effects of EGF on DNA synthesis, and cell migration was studied and the related signal transduction pathways examined. DNA synthesis by HO‐1‐N‐1 cells was stimulated dose‐dependently by 1–10 ng ml−1 EGF, but significantly inhibited by addition of a PI3‐K inhibitor (wortmannin), a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) or an MEKs inhibitor (PD98059). Cell migration was also accelerated by addition of 1–10 ng ml−1 EGF; however, the migration rate was decreased to 30% by adding PD98059, to 40% by adding a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (herbimycin A), and to 60% by adding wortmannin or dexamethasone. These results indicate that the physiologic concentration of EGF in saliva may stimulate proliferation and migration of oral epithelial cells for wound healing, when the oral mucosa has been injured. Furthermore, this study revealed that EGF‐stimulated signal transduction pathways for epithelial cell proliferation and cell migration are different.
Influence of anti‐CD49f and anti‐CD29 monoclonal antibodies on mitotic activity of epithelial cells (HaCaT) and gingival fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: Becker Christoph , Buttler Patricia , Gräber Hans Georg
Published: March 2003

A major complication in the treatment of periodontitis marginalis is the reepithelization of periodontal defects inhibiting collagen fiber attachment and periodontal regeneration. In this study we investigated the possibility of a molecular blockade of epithelial mitosis in vitro. Monoclonal antibodies against the VLA‐6 laminin receptor subunit α6 interrupted interactions between epithelial cells (HaCaT cells) and their extracellular matrix and thus resulted in reduction of proliferation rates by more than 50%. The same effect was observed with antiα1‐antibodies. In contrast, collagen‐producing and ‐secreting gingival fibroblasts, which play an important role in periodontal regeneration, remained unaffected by the applied antiα6 antibodies. Correspondingly, these cells were found to lack VLA‐6 laminin receptors. Selective molecular inhibition of epithelial proliferation and apical migration by monoclonal antiα6 antibody application may provide an adjuvant periodontitis therapy resulting in an enhanced periodontal regeneration.
Micro‐tensile bond strength of two adhesives to Erbium:YAG‐lased vs. bur‐cut enamel and dentin
Authors: De Munck Jan , Van Meerbeek Bart , Yudhira Rafaël , Lambrechts Paul , Vanherle Guido
Published: March 2003

The purpose of the study was to assess the hypotheses that laser irradiation is equally effective for bonding as traditional acid‐etch procedures, and that tooth substrate prepared either by Erbium:YAG laser or diamond bur is equally receptive to adhesive procedures. Buccal/oral enamel and mid‐coronal dentin were laser‐irradiated using an Erbium:YAG laser. A total‐etch adhesive (OptiBond FL) applied with and without prior acid‐etching and a self‐etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond) were employed to bond the composite. The micro‐tensile bond strength (µTBS) was determined after 24 h of storage in water. Failure patterns were analysed using a stereo‐microscope, and samples were processed for Field‐emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (Fe‐SEM) evaluation. Unbonded, lased enamel and dentin surfaces were evaluated using Fe‐SEM as well. The total‐etch adhesive bonded significantly less effectively to lased than to bur‐cut enamel/dentin. Laser ‘conditioning’ was clearly less effective than acid‐etching. Moreover, acid etching lased enamel and dentin significantly improved the µTBS of OptiBond FL. The self‐etch adhesive performed equally to lased as to bur‐cut enamel, but significantly less effectively to lased than to bur‐cut dentin. It is concluded that cavities prepared by laser appear less receptive to adhesive procedures than conventional bur‐cut cavities.
Immunohistochemical localization of insulin‐like growth factor‐II and its binding protein‐6 in human epithelial cells of Malassez
Authors: Götz Werner , Lossdörfer Stefan , Krüger Ulrich , Braumann Bert , Jäger Andreas
Published: March 2003

So‐called epithelial rests of Malassez are derived from the Hertwig's root sheath and are located in the periodontal ligament, with still unknown functions. Different pathological conditions may lead to proliferation of these otherwise non‐proliferative cell clusters. The insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) system is an important growth factor system controlling proliferation and differentiation. In our study on Malassez cells from extracted human deciduous teeth, we investigated their structure by means of light and electron microscopy. Although they appeared as cellular clusters with a uniform epithelial phenotype, immunohistochemical analyses of components of the IGF system revealed an unique pattern: weak immunoreactivity could be seen for IGF‐II while among all IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) only IGFBP‐6 and weakly IGFBP‐4 were detectable in epithelial cells of Malassez. Since IGFBP‐6 has a very high affinity for IGF‐II and can inhibit its functions, we discuss that, in the normal periodontal ligament, autocrine IGFBP‐6 may function as an antiproliferative molecule suppressing mitogenic effects of IGFs on Malassez cells.
The Fear of Dental Pain questionnaire: construction and validity
Authors: Van Wijk Arjen J. , Hoogstraten Johan
Published: March 2003

Anxiety, fear and pain play an important role in the context of dental treatment and patients' well‐being. The Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FPQ)‐III is a recently developed self‐report questionnaire measuring pain‐related fear of a variety of painful stimuli. The present study was undertaken in order to develop a dental equivalent of the FPQ‐III, called the Fear of Dental Pain questionnaire (FDP), to determine standard psychometric characteristics and to assess the instruments' validity. Four experienced dentists generated the initial pool of items and two methodologists constructed the initial questionnaire. Two studies were performed. In the study one, a sample of psychology freshmen (n = 309) was taken in order to analyse response patterns. In study two, a sample (n = 176) of patients, dental students and the general population was examined. Results from both studies were used to determine reliability and validity. High internal consistency (0.93) with satisfactory test–retest reliability (0.75) was obtained. Factor analysis revealed a strong one‐dimensional factor underlying almost all items. Finally, the proposed FDP version was related to a measure of dental fear and a general measure of fear of pain. All a priori hypotheses were confirmed, thereby providing evidence for the validity of the FDP. The FPD may prove to be a clinically useful tool in the dental setting, and a potentially important covariate in dental pain perception research.
Effect of a combination of fluoride dentifrice and varnish on enamel surface rehardening and fluoride uptake in vitro
Authors: Maia Lucianne Cople , De Souza Ivete Pomarico Ribeiro , Cury Jaime Aparecido
Published: March 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of combining fluoride dentifrice (FD) and varnish (FV) on in vitro enamel surface rehardening and on fluoride uptake under a pH‐cycling regimen. Seventy‐eight bovine enamel blocks with early lesions were used and 52 were divided into four treatment groups: (a) placebo non‐fluoridated dentifrice (PD); (b); FD (1100 p.p.m. F as NaF); (c); FV (Duraphat) + PD; and (d) FV + FD. The FV was applied to enamel blocks of groups FV + PD and FV + FD before the pH‐cycling regimen, and all of them were submitted to dentifrice during cycling. Surface enamel microhardness was determined on the dental blocks before and after demineralization, and after the pH‐cycling regimen. The percentage of surface microhardness recovery (%SMHR) was calculated. Fluoride in the blocks was also determined, after removing three layers of enamel. The highest values of percentage SMHR were observed for the FD group. The greatest fluoride uptake was found in the FD and FV + FD groups, but the difference between them was not statistically significant. It was found that the frequent use of fluoride dentifrice resulted in greater benefit in enamel surface rehardening, with a similar effect on fluoride uptake, when compared with its combination with a single fluoride varnish application.
Distributions of Endometrial NK Cells, B Cells, T Cells, and Th2/Tc2 Cells Fail to Predict Pregnancy Outcome Following Recurrent Abortion
Authors: MICHIMATA TOSHIHIKO , OGASAWARA MAYUMI S. , TSUDA HIROSHI , SUZUMORI KAORU , AOKI KOJI , SAKAI MASATOSHI , FUJIMURA MASAKI , NAGATA KINYA , NAKAMURA MASATAKA , SAITO SIGERU
Published: March 2003

PROBLEM: To evaluate the ability of immunophenotypes of endometrial leukocytes from patients with histories of recurrent abortion to predict outcome of subsequent pregnancy.

METHODS OF STUDY: Seventeen women with two successive spontaneous abortions with normal karyotype in the conceptus and 15 women with male‐factor infertility were studied. Subsequent pregnancy outcomes in 17 recurrent abortion patients were noted; 11 had live birth, while six aborted in the first trimester. All of 15 women with male‐factor infertility became pregnant after therapy, resulting in live birth in all cases. Endometrium was sampled during the peri‐implantation period before subsequent pregnancy. We immunostained paraffin‐embedded sections for lymphocyte markers including natural killer (NK) cell markers, CD56 and CD16, a B‐cell marker CD20, T‐cell markers CD3 and CD8, and a specific T‐helper(Th)2 and T‐cytotoxic (Tc)2 marker termed `chemoattractant receptor‐homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells' (CRTH2). Immunoreactive cells for these antigens were counted and positivity ratios to CD45‐ or CD3‐positive cells were calculated. These parameter were compared between 17 patients with histories of recurrent abortion and 15 control women and also compared between 11 patients whose subsequent pregnancy was successful and six patients whose subsequent pregnancy was a failure.

RESULTS: Numbers of CD45+, CD56+, CD16+, CD20+, CD3+, CD8+, and CRTH2+ cells in recurrent abortion patients resembled those in controls. No significant difference in lymphocyte subset numbers or ratios was noted between patients whose subsequent pregnancy was successful and those who again aborted.

CONCLUSION: We could not predict pregnancy outcome by immunophenotypic analysis of endometrium in women with recurrent abortion.
Physiological Leukocytosis during Pregnancy is Associated with Changes in Glucose Transporter Expression of Maternal Peripheral Blood Granulocytes and Monocytes
Authors: KORGUN EMIN T. , DEMIR RAMAZAN , SEDLMAYR PETER , DESOYE GERNOT , ARIKAN GUERKAN , PUERSTNER PETER , HAEUSLER MARTIN , DOHR GOTTFRIED , SKOFITSCH GERHARD , HAHN TOM
Published: March 2003

PROBLEM: The scarce data on glucose transporter expression of leukocytes are contradictory and nothing is known about changes accompanying physiological leukocytosis during pregnancy, which imposes acute metabolic demands on the cells.

METHOD OF STUDY: Cytospin preparations of intravascular leukocytes were searched immunocytochemically for the high affinity glucose transporters GLUT1, 3 and 4. Pregnancy‐associated quantitative changes in transporter expression were assessed by flow cytometry.

RESULTS: Granulocytes and monocytes stained for GLUT1, 3 and 4. Major changes in cell surface transporter expression during pregnancy were a 36% (P < 0.05) down‐regulation of granulocyte GLUT1 at term, and an increase in monocyte GLUT3 levels to 137% (P < 0.05), paralleled by a 24% (P < 0.05) decrease in GLUT4 content in second trimester. Apart from a minor subpopulation, lymphocytes were negative for these carriers.

CONCLUSION: GLUT1, 3 and 4 are abundantly expressed in granulocytes and monocytes. The particular isoforms are differentially regulated during pregnancy, suggesting an individual functional significance.
Differential Effects of IL‐11 on Rat Blastocysts and Decidua during the Peri‐Implantation Period
Authors: CALUWAERTS S. , PIJNENBORG R. , LUYTEN C. , KEITH J.C. , VAN ASSCHE F.A.
Published: March 2003

PROBLEM: To study effects of interleukin‐11 (IL‐11) on blastocyst development and decidualization.

METHOD OF STUDY: Rats, injected with buffer (C) or IL‐11 [1 mg/kg/day=high dose (HD), 60 μg/kg/week=low dose (LD)‐1, 30 μg/kg twice a week=low dose (LD)‐2] were made pregnant or pseudopregnant to obtain blastocysts or deciduomata.

RESULTS: As compared with C, more LD‐2 blastocysts hatched in culture, while hatching and attachment of HD blastocysts was decreased. Blastocysts from untreated rats in IL‐11 supplemented medium (4 ng/mL) demonstrated increased hatching and attachment. The weight of the decidualized uterus in HD and LD‐2 pseudopregnant rats was reduced as compared with C and LD‐1. On deciduomata sections from IL‐11 treated rats, the area inside the uterine muscle layer was reduced, and mitotic over pycnotic indices were increased in the anti‐mesometrial area and decreased in the mesometrial area.

CONCLUSIONS: Low doses of IL‐11 improve hatching and attachment of blastocysts, but both high and low doses impair decidualization.
Evaluation of Serum CA 125 Concentration Before and During Hormonal Induced Cycles as Predictor of IVF/ET Outcome
Authors: Vujisić Sanja , Kupešić Sanja , Mihaljević Daria , Akšamija Alenka , Kurjak Asim
Published: March 2003

Vujisić S, Kupešić S, Mihaljević D, Akšamija A, Kurjak A. Evaluation of serum CA 125 concentration before and during hormonal induced cycles as predictor of IVF/ET outcome. AJRI 2002; 48:355–360 © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2002

PROBLEM: To evaluate the role of CA 125 in prediction of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET) outcome.

METHOD OF STUDY: Serum CA 125 concentrations were evaluated in the spontaneous and stimulated cycles of 33 patients. CA 125 was measured using a microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) (Abbott, Diagnostics, USA). Follicular growth, endometrial thickness and subendometrial blood flow were evaluated by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound. Statistical analysis was performed by Wilcoxon rank‐sum test and Friedman test.

RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) of CA 125 values between spontaneous and stimulated cycles, and between pregnant and non‐pregnant patients. A CA 125 rise from the late proliferative to the early secretory phase (P < 0.05) was obtained only in the stimulated cycles. There was no relationship between CA 125, follicle number, endometrial thickness and resistance index of the subendometrial vessels.

CONCLUSION: CA 125 levels are not predictive of ovarian and endometrial response. Hormonal stimulation does not effect serum CA 125 concentration. There was no influence of CA 125 levels on IVF/ET outcome in stimulated cycles.
Immunosuppressive Properties of Follicular Fluid and Media Conditioned by Zygotes Correlate with Subsequent Conception in In Vitro Fertilization
Authors: Dirnfeld Martha , Lahat Nitza , Daniel‐Spiegel Etty , Wiener‐Megnazi Zofnat , Goldman Shlomit , Abramovici Haim , Shalev Eliezer
Published: March 2003

Dirnfeld M, Lahat N, Daniel‐Spiegel E, Wiener‐Megnazi Z, Goldman S, Abramovici H, Shalev E. Immunosuppressive properties of follicular fluid and media conditioned by zygotes correlate with subsequent conception in in vitro fertilization. AJRI 2002; 48:329–333 © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2002

PROBLEM:  Our objective in this study was to correlate immunosuppressive properties of follicular fluid (FF) and media conditioned by zygotes and early embryos with the occurrence of conception in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program.

METHOD OF STUDY:  Fifty‐seven IVF patients were studied. Donor lymphocytes were incubated with mitogens and FF from mature oocytes or conditioned media from zygotes and early embryos. Proliferation was assessed by radioactive thymidine incorporation. Proliferation Index (PI) was the ratio between radioactive labeling of lymphocytes incubated in the presence and absence of a mitogen.

RESULTS:  The FFs and media conditioned by zygotes from conception cycles had higher immunosuppressive activity than those from non‐conception cycles.

CONCLUSIONS:  Immunosuppressive activity present in FF and media conditioned by zygotes may be a major determinant of conception in IVF, and may serve as a marker for embryo quality.
Autoimmune Hepatitis Complicated with Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Pregnancy
Authors: TANAKA HIROHIKO , UMEKAWA TAKASHI , KIKUKAWA TOYO , TOYODA NAGAYASU
Published: March 2003

PROBLEM: There are few reports on the association between autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and antiphospholipid syndrome; only five reports were found on a MEDLINE search between 1966 and 2001. Therefore, the etiology and the optimal treatment of them are not clear.

METHOD OF STUDY: We encountered a case of AIH complicated by antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy. We present the clinical course and treatment of this case, and discuss some problems in managing such a patient.

RESULTS: The patient received low‐dose prednisolone and low‐dose aspirin and delivered a live‐born infant at term without any adverse effects.

CONCLUSION: In this case, there was no relation between the variation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the one of β2‐glycoprotein I (GPI)‐dependent anticardiolipin antibody. It is supposed that there was no relation between the activity of AIH and the one of antiphospholipid syndrome, and it is also supposed that one is not secondary to the other.
Vitamin A Deficiency During Rat Pregnancy Alters Placental TNF‐α Signalling and Apoptosis
Authors: ANTIPATIS CHRISTOS , ASHWORTH CHERYL J. , RILEY SIMON C. , HANNAH LISA , HOGGARD NIGEL , LEA RICHARD G.
Published: March 2003

PROBLEM: Vitamin A is important for immune function and deficiency is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. In the rat, vitamin A deficiency reduces both foetal number and neonatal survival. The role of the placenta is uncertain. The effects of maternal vitamin A deficiency on placental cytokines and apoptosis have been investigated.

METHOD OF STUDY: Pregnant rats were fed either control or vitamin A free (VAF) diets (n=4/group) from 8 weeks prior to and throughout pregnancy. Day 20 placentas from viable foetuses were examined for immunoexpression of (a) cytokines: tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), TNFR1 receptor (p55), leptin and leptin receptor, (b) apoptosis: TdT‐mediated dUTP nick end‐labelling (TUNEL) positive cells, bax and bcl‐2.

RESULTS: Placentas from VAF rats, but not controls, exhibited an infiltrate of neutrophils positive for TNF‐α and leptin. The number of TNFR1 (p55) and TUNEL positive trophoblast cells was increased specifically in areas of neutrophil infiltration. Trophoblast giant cells in VAF placentas exhibited reduced bax but no change in bcl‐2.

CONCLUSIONS: Maternal vitamin A deficiency is associated with abnormal placental apoptosis induced by neutrophil derived TNF‐α acting through the TNFR1 (p55) and/or a change in the bcl‐2/bax ratio in the trophoblast giant cells. These changes may underlie the effects of vitamin A deficiency on foetal development.
Modulation of the Uterine Response to Infectious Bacteria in Postpartum Ewes
Authors: SEALS RICHARD C. , WULSTER‐RADCLIFFE MEGHAN C. , LEWIS GREGORY S.
Published: March 2003

PROBLEM: Exogenous progesterone and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) can down‐regulate uterine immune functions and render the uterus susceptible to bacterial infection.

METHOD OF STUDY: Ewes were sham‐ovariectomized (SHAM) or ovariectomized (OVEX) 9 days after parturition (day 0), and their uteri were inoculated withArcanobacterium pyogenesandEscherichia colion day 15. Vena caval blood was collected on day 14 and days 16–19, and uteri were collected on day 20. Ewes began receiving either canola oil (OIL) or progesterone in oil (PROG) on day 10. Lymphocytes from each blood sample were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial array ofin vitrotreatments; 10–7 M PGE2and 10–7 M indomethacin (INDO) were main effects. [3H]Thymidine incorporation (expressed in picomoles) was used to quantify proliferation.

RESULTS: Progesterone was greater (P=0.001) in PROG than in OIL ewes (3.6 versus 0.7 ng/mL), and only PROG ewes developed infections. Lymphocyte proliferation was least (P=0.02) in PROG‐OVEX ewes (4.1 versus 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 pmol for OIL‐SHAM, PROG‐SHAM, and OIL‐OVEX, respectively). Concanavalin A (Con‐A)‐stimulated proliferation was less (P < 0.01) for PGE2‐ and PGE2 + INDO‐treated lymphocytes (7.5 and 8.3 pmol, respectively) than for control or INDO‐treated cells (12.9 and 14.7 pmol, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: Progesterone treatment of postpartum ewes suppressed uterine immunity.In vitroPGE2treatment suppressed lymphocyte proliferation, regardless of PROG, and highlights a progesterone‐independent level of regulation of uterine immune function.
Diagnosis of external root resorption using TACT (tuned‐aperture computed tomography)
Authors: Nance R. S. , Tyndall D. , Levin L. G. , Trope M.
Published: March 2003

Abstract – This study compared the ability of the TACT system of imaging and conventional D‐speed film to detect simulated resorptive defects in cadaver teeth and jaws. Mandibular human jaw blocks were prepared and then split through the teeth in a mesial to distal direction so that the mandibular halves could be opened and reassembled when necessary. One half of each of 42 teeth was extracted, and areas on the tooth and corresponding bone identified to be studied. The jaws were opened and reassembled after no defects or after defects of different sizes (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mm) were placed in the tooth and the corresponding bone at predetermined evaluation areas. The teeth were imaged after each stage with conventional D‐speed film using a standard paralleling technique, and with a modified orthopantomograph OP100 machine using a Schick #2 size CCD sensor as the image receptor. The source images were registered and TACT slices were generated using TACT Workbench Software. Three observers were asked to identify the presence of resorptive defects in the conventional film group and the TACT image group using specific criteria. TACT imaging was statistically superior to conventional radiographs in detecting defects that were present (Wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test P=0.003). This was true for all sizes of defects examined. There was no difference between the two modalities when a defect was not present.
Evaluation of a computer‐assisted learning package on the management of traumatised incisors by general dental practitioners
Authors: McCracken G. I. , Nunn J. H. , Hobson R. S. , Stephenson J. J. , Jepson N. J. A.
Published: March 2003

Abstract – A computer‐assisted learning program with a tutorial, self‐assessment exercises and an expert system has been developed. Sixty‐seven general dental practitioners were requested to evaluate the program. The results from those practitioners who returned the questionnaire showed that 57% found the program generally easy to use with the appropriate level of difficulty of tasks and content of supporting information, which it was felt improved their knowledge of the management of fractured incisors. Conclusion: it is worthwhile to develop such programs for the education of general dental practitioners. All users of this program felt that it was better than video, audio tapes, journals or books on the subject.
Postoperative discomfort associated with surgical and nonsurgical endodontic retreatment
Authors: Kvist T. , Reit C.
Published: March 2003

Abstract – Endodontic retreatment decision‐making must include an appraisal of the costs of the different strategies proposed. In addition to direct costs, postoperative discomfort may have other consequences in terms of time off work, unscheduled visits and suffering. To establish a foundation for the appraisal of such indirect and intangible costs the present study was set up in which patients' assessments of pain and swelling after surgical and nonsurgical retreatment procedures were recorded. Ninety‐two patients with 95 root‐filled incisors and canine teeth exhibiting apical periodontitis were included in the study. The mode of retreatment was randomly assigned. Each day during the first post‐treatment week patients assessed their degree of swelling and pain on horizontal 100‐mm visual analog scales (VAS). The scales ranged from “no swelling” to “very severe swelling” and “no pain” to “intolerable pain”, respectively. Consumption of self‐prescribed analgesics and time off work were also recorded. Significantly more patients reported discomfort after surgical retreatment than after nonsurgical procedures. High pain scores were most frequent on the operative day while swelling reached its maximum on the first postoperative day followed by progressive decrease both in frequency and magnitude. Postoperative symptoms associated with nonsurgical retreatment were less frequent but reached high VAS values in single cases. Analgesics were significantly more often consumed after periapical surgery. Patients reported absence from work mainly due to swelling and discoloration of the skin. This was found to occur only after surgical retreatment. Conclusively, surgical retreatment resulted in more discomfort and tended to bring about greater indirect costs than nonsurgical retreatment.
Immunologic evaluation of dental patient with history of hypersensitivity reaction to sodium hypochlorite
Authors: Dandakis C. , Lambrianidis T. , Boura P.
Published: March 2003

Abstract – A 12‐year‐old girl, with a previous history of bronchial reaction and contact dermatitis to sodium hypochlorite, was referred for root canal treatment. Complete immunologic evaluation revealed a mild hypersensitivity condition, as it was assessed by the RAST investigation to different allergens and the DTH reactivity expressed though migration inhibition test. The absence of a serious immunologic disregulation in the patient's immunologic profile justified the term ‘non‐allergic hypersensitivity’ to sodium hypochlorite to describe the condition.
Treatment of replacement resorption with Emdogain®– preliminary results after 10 months
Authors: Filippi Andreas , Pohl Yango , Von Arx Thomas
Published: March 2003

Abstract – Ankylosis of traumatized teeth in children and adolescents may inhibit further development and growth of the corresponding jawbone. Therefore, ankylosed teeth should be removed. As an alternative treatment option to autotransplantation of a premolar, intentional replantation using Emdogain® may be considered, provided the ankylosis is detected at an early stage or has only affected a small area of the root. Eleven ankylosed teeth presenting with replacement resorption were treated as follows: after tooth extraction, the root canal was treated extraorally and obturated by retrograde insertion of a titanium post. Emdogain was applied to the root surface and into the extraction socket with subsequent replantation of the tooth. During a mean follow‐up period of 6.3 months, no signs of recurrence of ankylosis were noted. The horizontally and vertically measured Periotest scores were identical to those obtained on the adjacent teeth. These results suggest that intentional replantation using Emdogain may prevent or delay ankylosis of these replanted teeth.
Effect of immediate intracanal placement of Ledermix Paste® on healing of replanted dog teeth after extended dry times
Authors: Bryson E. C. , Levin L. , Banchs F. , Abbott P. V. , Trope M.
Published: March 2003

Abstract  
–
 Ledermix Paste® is a paste containing triamcinolone and demeclocycline with demonstrated anti‐inflammatory activity that may slow down resorptive processes after severe traumatic injuries to the dentition. A total of 29 premolar roots of six mongrel dogs were extracted and instrumented with rotary nickel titanium files. Fifteen of these roots were then filled with a calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) slurry and 14 roots were filled with Ledermix Paste® paste. All accesses were sealed with glass ionomer and the roots replanted after an extraoral dry time of 60 min. After 4 months, the dogs were killed and the roots prepared for histological evaluation. Five‐micrometer thick cross‐sections of the root and surrounding tissue taken every 90 µm were evaluated for healing. In addition, residual root mass was also measured to determine the extent of root structure loss for each treatment method. The Ledermix Paste®‐treated roots had statistically significantly more healing and less resorption than the roots treated with Ca(OH)2. Root filling with Ledermix Paste® also resulted in significantly less loss in root mass due to resorption compared to those roots filled with Ca(OH)2. Immediate intracanal placement of Ledermix Paste® at the emergency visit after an avulsion injury appears to decrease resorption and increase favorable healing.
Intentional replantation for periodontally involved hopeless teeth
Authors: Demiralp Burak , Nohutçu Rahime Meral , Tepe Durul Işik , Eratalay Kenan
Published: March 2003

Abstract –  The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of intentional replantation of periodontally involved teeth after conditioning of root surfaces with tetracycline–HCl. Thirteen patients (seven female, six male; age range: 35–52 years) with 15 periodontally involved hopeless teeth were included in this study. During the replantation procedure, the affected teeth were gently extracted, then the granulation tissues, calculus, remaining periodontal ligament and necrotic cementum on the root surfaces were removed. Tetracycline–HCl, at a concentration of 100 mg ml−1, was applied for 5 min to the root surfaces. The teeth were then replaced into the socket and splinted. Patients were clinically and radiographically evaluated at baseline (time of surgery) and 6 months after the surgery. The following measurements were recorded: probing depth (PD), gingival recession (R), the amount of bone loss (BL) and bone gain (BG). Results indicated a reduction in PD and in the amount of bone loss and healthy gingiva. Mean PD was decreased from 5.25 to 2.36 mm, gingival recession was increased from 3.73 to 4.0 mm, and BL was reduced from 73.20 to 56.86%. At the end of 6 months, no root resorption or ankylosis was observed radiographically. Even during the short period of evaluation, it may be suggested that intentional replantation can be an alternative approach to extraction in cases where advanced periodontal destruction is present and no other treatments could be considered.
The circadian Clock mutation increases exploratory activity and escape‐seeking behavior
Authors: Easton A. , Arbuzova J. , Turek F. W.
Published: March 2003

Disturbances of circadian rhythms are associated with many types of mood disorders; however, it is unknown whether a dysfunctional circadian pacemaker can be the primary cause of altered emotional behavior. To test this hypothesis, male and female mice carrying a mutation of the circadian gene, Clock, were compared to wild‐type mice in an array of behavioral tests used to measure exploratory activity, anxiety, and behavioral despair. Female Clock mutant mice exhibited significantly greater activity and rearing in an open field and a greater number of total arm entries in the elevated plus maze. In addition, female Clock mutant mice spent significantly more time swimming in the forced swim test than wild‐type mice on both days of a 2‐day test. Male Clock mutant mice also exhibited increased exploration of the open field and increased swimming in the forced swim test; however, behavioral changes were less robust in Clock mutant males compared to Clock mutant females. These changes in behavior were not dependent on the expression of a lengthened free‐running period but were more or less striking depending on the testing conditions. These data indicate that the Clock mutation leads to increased exploratory behavior and increased escape‐seeking behavior, and, conversely, does not result in increased anxiety or depressive‐like behavior. These results suggest that the Clock gene is involved in regulating behavioral arousal, and that Clock may interact with sex hormones to produce these behavioral changes.
Is the food‐entrainable circadian oscillator in the digestive system?
Authors: Davidson A. J. , Poole A. S. , Yamazaki S. , Menaker M.
Published: March 2003

Food‐anticipatory activity (FAA) is the increase in locomotion and core body temperature that precedes a daily scheduled meal. It is driven by a circadian oscillator but is independent of the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Recent results that reveal meal‐entrained clock gene expression in rat and mouse peripheral organs raise the intriguing possibility that the digestive system is the site of the feeding‐entrained oscillator (FEO) that underlies FAA. We tested this possibility by comparing FAA and Per1 rhythmicity in the digestive system of the Per 1‐luciferase transgenic rat. First, rats were entrained to daytime restricted feeding (RF, 10 days), then fed ad libitum (AL, 10 days), then food deprived (FD, 2 days). As expected FAA was evident during RF and disappeared during subsequent AL feeding, but returned at the correct phase during deprivation. The phase of Per1 in liver, stomach and colon shifted from a nocturnal to a diurnal peak during RF, but shifted back to nocturnal phase during the subsequent AL and remained nocturnal during food deprivation periods. Second, rats were entrained to two daily meals at zeitgeber time (ZT) 0400 and ZT 1600. FAA to both meals emerged after about 10 days of dual RF. However, all tissues studied (all five liver lobes, esophagus, antral stomach, body of stomach, colon) showed entrainment consistent with only the night‐time meal. These two results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that FAA arises as an output of rhythms in the gastrointestinal (GI) system. The results also highlight an interesting diversity among peripheral oscillators in their ability to entrain to meals and the direction of the phase shift after RF ends.
Noise‐induced sleep maintenance insomnia: hypnotic and residual effects of zaleplon
Authors: Stone Barbara M. , Turner Claire , Mills Sue L. , Paty Isabelle , Patat Alain , Darwish Mona , Danjou Philippe
Published: March 2003

Aims  The primary objective of the study was to assess the residual effects of zaleplon in the morning, 4 h after a middle‐of‐the‐night administration. The secondary objective was to investigate the effectiveness of zaleplon in promoting sleep in healthy volunteers with noise‐induced sleep maintenance insomnia.

Methods  Thirteen healthy male and female volunteers (aged 20–30 years) with normal hearing, who were sensitive to the sleep‐disrupting effects of noise, participated in a double‐blind, placebo‐ and active‐drug controlled, four‐period cross‐over study. The subjects were permitted to sleep for 5 h (22.45–03.45 h) in a quiet environment before they were awoken. At 04.00 h they ingested 10 mg zaleplon, 20 mg zaleplon, 7.5 mg zopiclone (active control), or placebo before a second period of sleep (04.00–08.00 h), during which they were exposed to an 80 dB(A) 1 kHz pure tone pulse with an inter‐tone interval of 1 s and a duration of 50 ms. The sound stimulus was stopped after 10 min of persistent sleep or after 2 h if the subject had not fallen asleep. Residual effects were assessed at 08.00 h (4 h after drug administration) using the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), choice reaction time (CRT), critical flicker fusion (CFF), and immediate and delayed free recall of a 20 word list. The data were analysed by analysis of variance. A Bonferroni adjustment was made for the three active treatments compared with placebo.

Results  There were no residual effects of zaleplon (10 and 20 mg) compared with placebo. Zopiclone impaired memory by delaying the free recall of words (P = 0.001) and attenuated performance on DSST (P = 0.004) and CRT (P = 0.001), compared with placebo. Zaleplon reduced the latency to persistent sleep (10 mg, P = 0.001; 20 mg, P = 0.014) and the 20 mg dose reduced stage 1 sleep (P = 0.012) compared with placebo. Zopiclone reduced stage 1 sleep (P = 0.001), increased stage 3 sleep (P = 0.0001) and increased total sleep time (P = 0.003), compared with placebo.

Conclusions  Zaleplon (10 mg and 20 mg), administered in the middle of the night 4 h before arising, shortens sleep onset without impairing next‐day performance.
Effects of desflurane and isoflurane on intestinal tissue oxygen pressure during colorectal surgery
Authors: Müller M. , Schindler E. , Roth S. , Schürholz A. , Vollerthun M. , Hempelmann G.
Published: March 2003

Summary Volatile anaesthetics differ in the effects they have on splanchnic haemodynamics and oxygenation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of desflurane and isoflurane as part of a balanced anaesthetic technique on intestinal tissue oxygenation during colorectal surgery. Data were analysed from 44 patients randomly assigned to receive either desflurane (desflurane group, n= 20), or isoflurane (isoflurane group, n= 24) for inhalational anaesthesia. Tissue oxygen pressure (Ptisso2)␣was measured on the serosal side of the large intestine prior to colonic resection (T1) and␣following the completion of the bowel anastomosis (T2). In addition, haemodynamic and oxygenation parameters were assessed. No difference in mean Ptisso2 was observed between the groups at T1 [desflurane group: 8.1 (2.9) kPa vs. isoflurane group: 7.7 (2.7) kPa]. Following completion of the anastomosis (T2) mean Ptisso2 was higher in the isoflurane group [9.6 (2.9) kPa] than the desflurane group [7.7 (2.4) kPa, p = 0.025]. During surgery no difference between the␣groups could be observed with regard to haemodynamics and global oxygenation parameters. The lack of a difference between the groups in Ptisso2 before resection of the colon suggests that,␣under normal conditions, desflurane and isoflurane have comparable effects on intestinal blood␣flow and oxygenation. However, following local ischaemia, the reactive hyperaemia seems␣to␣be better preserved during isoflurane anaesthesia indicated by a local increase in Ptisso2␣(p = 0.013) following completion of the bowel anastomosis.
Evaluation in an anaesthetic simulator of a prototype of a new drug administration system designedto reduce error*
Authors: Merry A. F. , Webster C. S. , Weller J. , Henderson S. , Robinson B.
Published: March 2003

Ten anaesthetists were observed while providing anaesthesia for two simulated surgical procedures, twice using conventional methods and twice using a prototype of a new drug administration system designed to reduce error. Aspects of each method were rated by users on 10‐cm visual analogue scales (10 being best) and comments were invited. Median safety scores were 7.7 cm (range 4.3–8.9) for the new system and 4.6 cm (1.3–8.2) for conventional methods (p = 0.009). The new system was compared favourably with conventional methods in respect of safety (p = 0.005), clinical acceptability (p = 0.008), organisation and layout (p = 0.047), and acceptability for use on patients (p = 0.005). The new system saved time in the preparation of drugs both before anaesthesia (105 vs. 346 s; p < 0.001) and during anaesthesia (20 vs. 104 s; p < 0.001). Comments facilitated development of the system and the evaluation endorsed proceeding to a clinical trial.
Effect of the addition of ketamine to morphine in patient‐controlled analgesia
Authors: Murdoch C. J. , Crooks B. A. , Miller C. D.
Published: March 2003

Summary This randomised, double‐blind, prospective study compared morphine (1 mg.m−1) with the combination of morphine (1 mg.m−1) and ketamine (0.75 mg.m−1) via a patient‐controlled analgesia system (PCAS) for postoperative pain control. A total of 42 female patients, ASA grade I and II, undergoing elective total abdominal hysterectomy was studied. During a standardised anaesthetic, a loading dose from the PCA syringe of 10 ml.m−2 of body surface area was given. A PCAS with a background infusion was commenced postoperatively. Pain and side‐effects were assessed using numerical scoring systems and cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were recorded. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in total morphine consumption or pain scoring. Side‐effect profiles and time to mobilisation were similar. This study concludes that the addition of ketamine to morphine, in this dosage regimen, administered via PCAS for postoperative pain control, does not confer benefit following total abdominal hysterectomy.
Propofol effective concentration 50 and its relationship to bispectral index
Authors: Irwin M. G. , Hui T. W. C. , Milne S. E. , Kenny G. N. C.
Published: March 2003

Sixty unpremedicated healthy adult patients were studied during induction of anaesthesia with intravenous propofol delivered by a ‘Diprifusor’ target‐controlled infusion. Bispectral index (BIS) and spectral edge frequency (SEF95) were measured concurrently with the predicted blood and effect site propofol concentrations. Logistic regression was used to calculate the predicted propofol blood and effect site concentrations required to produce unconsciousness and no response to a noxious stimulus in 50% and 95% of patients and to correlate BIS with these end‐points. The Diprifusor TCI software produces anaesthesia at consistent target concentrations. Bispectral index correlates well with clinical end‐points and may be useful during propofol anaesthesia.
Twin pregnancy outcomes for women with gestational diabetes mellitus compared with glucose tolerant women
Authors: Moses Robert G. , Webb Alison J. , Lucas Elizabeth M. , Davis Warren S.
Published: March 2003

Objective: To examine pregnancy outcomes for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and a twin pregnancy compared with glucose tolerant women with a twin pregnancy.

Design: Comparison of selected pregnancy outcomes.

Setting: Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.

Population: Women with GDM seen over a 10‐year period by an endocrinologist, and women from a selected year of an obstetric database including Wollongong and Shellharbour Hospitals.

Methods: Examination of pregnancy outcome data from the two sources.

Main outcome measures: Fetal birthweights and method of delivery.

Results: There were 28 GDM women with a twin pregnancy from 1229 consecutive referrals (2.3%) of women with GDM for medical management. For comparison there were 29 glucose tolerant women with twin pregnancies evaluable who had delivered over a 1‐year period. For the women with GDM and a twin pregnancy there were no significant differences in demographics or outcomes except for a higher rate of elective Caesarean section.

Conclusion: The higher rate of Caesarean section appeared to be related to the combination of a twin pregnancy and GDM rather than the twin pregnancy or the GDM independently.
Epstein–Barr virus‐specific T‐cell cytotoxicity is mediated through the perforin pathway in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Yoshimi Ayami , Tsuge Ikuya , Namizaki Hiroe , Hoshino Yo , Kimura Hiroshi , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Watanabe Nobuhiro , Kuzushima Kiyotaka , Kojima Seiji
Published: March 2003

Summary. The in vivo cytotoxic mechanism of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐specific cytotoxic lymphocytes was examined in a patient who suffered with EBV‐associated lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). His peripheral CD8+ T‐cell count was significantly increased and > 70% of these cells were EBV‐specific by fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis for interferon‐γ production. Intracellular perforin expression was markedly increased in CD8+ T cells by FACS analysis. The lymphocytes from this patient had cytotoxic activity against autologous EBV+ lymphoblastoid cell lines which were completely inhibited by concanamycin A, an inhibitor of perforin, and a anti‐human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐class I monoclonal antibody. These results suggest that the cytotoxicity was mediated by the perforin, in an HLA‐class I‐restricted manner. We performed serial intracellular perforin analyses in another patient who also showed endogenous expansion of EBV‐specific CD8+ T cells that coincided with an increased EBV‐DNA load. Perforin expression in the CD8+ and CD4+ T cells paralleled the EBV‐specific CD8+ T cells and EBV‐DNA load, which also suggests that perforin mediates EBV‐specific cytolysis in vivo and is responsible for effective immunosurveillance against EBV reactivation after BMT. Evaluation of host immunity against EBV by determining perforin expression in lymphocytes and EBV‐specific lymphocytes along with quantification of EBV‐DNA may be useful for predicting the clinical course of patients with EBV‐associated LPD after BMT.
Platelet αIIbβ3 recombinant autoantibodies from the B‐cell repertoire of a post‐transfusion purpura patient
Authors: Watkins Nicholas A. , Smethurst Peter A. , Allen David , Smith Graham A. , Ouwehand Willem H.
Published: March 2003

Summary.The biallelic human platelet alloantigen (HPA) 1 system encodes a leucine to proline substitution at position 33 in the β3 integrin. Homozygous individuals can be immunized by the non‐self allele‐encoded protein following transfusion or during pregnancy. In post‐transfusion purpura (PTP), a subsequent recall alloantibody response against the non‐self form of β3 is paralleled by the destruction of autologous platelets, leading to profound thrombocytopenia. Although serological evidence suggests platelet autoantibodies are responsible, such autoantibodies are poorly defined. We used variable gene phage display to isolate αIIbβ3 autoantibodies formed in the acute phase of PTP and determined the epitopes recognized. An immunoglobulin G (IgG)‐encoded variable heavy‐chain domain (VH) gene repertoire containing 4·7 × 107single‐chain Fv fragments was cloned and three αIIbβ3 antibodies were isolated (clones 2F2, E3 and B12). All three used different VH genes with a low level of somatic mutation for genes derived from γ‐encoding mRNA. Two (2F2 and E3) recognized an overlapping epitope and their binding was inhibited by sera from patients with PTP; all three recognized Ca2+‐dependent compound epitopes on αIIbβ3. Our results support the theory that a transient loss of tolerance for αIIbβ3 with autoantibody formation occurs in PTP.
Severe decrease in peripheral blood dendritic cells in hairy cell leukaemia
Authors: Bourguin‐Plonquet Anne , Rouard Hélène , Roudot‐Thoraval Françoise , Bellanger Coralie , Marquet Jeanine , Delfau‐Larue Marie‐Hélène , Diviné Marine , Farcet Jean‐Pierre
Published: March 2003

Summary. Clinical studies in hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) have linked the frequent occurrence of infections due to intracellular pathogens and a profound monocytopenia. More recently, dendritic cells (DC), a subset of which are related to monocytes, were shown to be the professional antigen‐presenting cells which stimulate the adaptive immune response. Using membrane markers and flow cytometry, we determined in peripheral blood whether various DC subsets and monocytes were impaired in HCL. Lymphoid and myeloid DC were virtually absent in five HCL patients with active disease. After treatment, both DC and monocytes recovered slowly. The decrease in DC suggests that defective antigen presentation could affect susceptibility to intracellular pathogens in HCL.