bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Complete Revascularization as Determined by an Optimized Scoring System After Revascularization: A Post Hoc Analysis from Multi‐Center PANDA III Trial
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wu Shaoyu , Liu Qianqian , Guan Changdong , Wang Hao‐Yu , Yuan Sheng , Xie Lihua , Huang Yunfei , Qiao Zheng , Liu Weida , Fu Rui , Feng Lei , Zhu Chenggang , Song Lei , Yin Dong , Dou Kefei
Published: February 2025

Functional complete revascularization (CR) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as determined by classic residual functional SYNTAX score (c‐rFSS) has been associated with improved prognosis. In this study, the c‐rFSS algorithm is optimized for a novel modified rFSS (m‐rFSS) and prognostic implications of this novel scoring is determined. The m‐rFSS algorithm is updated for 2 clinical scenarios, i.e., 1) lesions with suboptimal functional results, and 2) angiographic diameter stenosis <50% but functionally significant stenoses, which are not scored by c‐rFSS. The major outcome is a 2‐year major adverse cardiac event (MACE). A total of 1,555 patients analyzable for both c‐rFSS and m‐rFSS are included. After calculating m‐rFSS, 12.0% (187/1,555) of patients with c‐rFSS‐based functional CR (c‐rFSS = 0) are reclassified as having m‐rFSS‐based incomplete revascularization (IR, m‐rFSS>0); thus, 377 (21.7%) patients have c‐rFSS‐based functional IR whereas 524 (33.7%) has m‐rFSS‐based IR. Patients with m‐rFSS‐based functional IR (m‐rFSS>0) show a significantly higher risk for major MACE outcome (20.8% vs 5.9%; adjusted hazard ratio 3.32, 95% confidence interval: 2.34–4.71) than patients with functional CR (m‐rFSS = 0). The m‐rFSS is more predictive of 2‐year MACE than c‐rFSS (difference in C‐index 0.07, p < 0.001). In this study, we optimized the classic scoring algorithm to develop a novel scoring system (m‐rFSS), and revascularization completeness determined by m‐rFSS is markedly associated with a 2‐year prognosis.
Toward Autonomous Self‐Healing in Soft Robotics: A Review and Perspective for Future Research
Authors: Kashef Tabrizian Seyedreza , Terryn Seppe , Vanderborght Bram
Published: February 2025

Recent advances in dynamic and reversible polymer networks have led to self‐healing soft robots that can restore their physical and electrical properties after damage. However, in most cases, human intervention remains essential for the healing process. This poses a challenge, especially in working environments with limited human access or where human involvement cand hinder efficiency. To address this gap, in this article, first, the different phases of the healing process in soft robotics are discussed and then the technologies that are or can be integrated into self‐healing soft robots to allow each individual phase to be performed autonomously with minimal human involvement are reviewed. Finally, in this article, the challenges of integrating all phases into self‐healing soft robots are discussed and the perspectives on achieving fully autonomous self‐healing in the future are offered. These phases are classified into five: damage detection, damage cleaning, damage closure, stimulus‐triggered material healing, and recovery assessment. Achieving these attributes requires employing physical intelligence at the material level through the use of stimuli‐responsive materials or utilizing embodied intelligence at the system level by integrating healing‐assistive subsystems or a synergistic combination of both. Consequently, self‐healing soft robots can achieve self‐sufficiency in their healing capabilities, rendering them a sustainable solution for broader applications.
Smart Transfemoral Prosthetic Socket with Motorized Cable‐Driven System
Authors: Paternò Linda , Zaidi Ahmed Zohaib , Polizzotto Maria Grazia , Dalmiani Sofia , Helsloot Djoeke , Heikens Sybren , Gruppioni Emanuele , Menciassi Arianna
Published: February 2025

Volume fluctuations in residual limbs can significantly affect the fit of prosthetic sockets, causing discomfort and instability when wearing a limb prosthesis. As a result, users must frequently visit prosthetic centers for socket adjustments or replacements, which is time‐consuming and limiting. This study introduces a new transfemoral socket that incorporates a motorized cable‐driven mechanism and a sensorized liner, allowing it to adapt to changes in residual limb volume based on interface pressures. Users can control the socket in both open‐ and closed‐loop modes using a customized mobile application. The socket is able to withstand compressive mechanical loads of up to 900 N and demonstrates effective biomechanical coupling capabilities. A mathematical model guide the design of the system and is experimentally verified. To validate the system, an in vitro residual limb simulator with a hydraulic chamber is utilized, enabling volume adjustments of ±7.5%. In closed‐loop mode, the smart socket effectively adjusts its volume to maintain interface pressure within the target range of 70–80 kPa. This innovative smart socket has the potential to enhance user satisfaction by allowing individuals with lower limb amputations to self‐adjust their sockets as needed, ensuring a proper fit and safe interface pressures on tissues.
Multi‐Risk‐Level Sarcopenia‐Prone Screening via Machine Learning Classification of Sit‐to‐Stand Motion Metrics from Wearable Sensors
Authors: Wang Keer , Zhang Hongyu , Cheng Clio Yuen Man , Chen Meng , Lai King Wai Chiu , Or Calvin Kalun , Hu Yong , Vellaisamy Arul Lenus Roy , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen , Xi Ning , Lou Vivian Weiqun , Li Wen Jung
Published: February 2025

Sarcopenia, an age‐related syndrome characterized by muscle mass and function loss, significantly impacts the quality of life in older adults. A machine learning approach using micro inertial measurement units (μIMUs) for noninvasive sarcopenia‐prone screening through a single sit‐to‐stand (1STS) test is developed. The study involves 53 older participants (65–84 years), each wearing two IMUs, i.e., one on the thigh and one on the waist. The 1STS motion is divided into four phases and extract 510 features from the collected data. Phase 1 is crucial for distinguishing healthy from sarcopenia‐prone participants, while Phase 2 is significant in differentiating risk levels. Key indicators include anterior–posterior and mediolateral movements, particularly along the y‐axis and z‐axis of the sensors. Five classification algorithms (support vector machine (SVM), K‐nearest neighbors (KNN), decision tree, linear discriminant analysis, and multilayer perceptron (MLP)) with selected features are trained. The method achieves 98.32% accuracy using SVM and MLP in distinguishing healthy from sarcopenia‐prone participants and 90.44% accuracy using KNN in classifying participants across four risk levels (0–3) based on physical performance severity. These results suggest that the proposed method provides a low‐cost, nonspecialist technique for large‐scale sarcopenia‐prone risk screening and assessment of physical performance severities.
Assessing the Determinants of Platyrrhine Quadrupedal Gait Kinematics in an Ecological and Phylogenetic Framework
Authors: Shapiro Liza J. , Dunham Noah T. , McNamara Allison , Young Jesse W. , Hieronymus Tobin L.
Published: February 2025

Laboratory studies have broadened our understanding of primate arboreal locomotor biomechanics and adaptation but are necessarily limited in species availability and substrate complexity. In this field study, we filmed the locomotion of 11 species of platyrrhines (Ecuador and Costa Rica; n = 1234 strides) and remotely measured substrate diameter and orientation. We then explored ecological and phylogenetic influences on quadrupedal kinematics in multivariate space using redundancy analysis combined with variation partitioning. Among all species, phylogenetic relatedness more strongly influenced quadrupedal kinematics than variation in substrate. Callitrichines were maximally divergent from other taxa, driven by their preferred use of higher speed asymmetrical gaits. Pitheciids were also distinctive in their use of lower limb phases, including lateral sequence gaits. The biomechanical implications of interspecific differences in body mass and limb proportions account for a substantial portion of the phylogenetic‐based variation. Body mass and kinematic variation were inversely related–whereas the larger taxa (atelids) were relatively restricted in kinematic space, and preferred more stable, symmetrical gaits, the smallest species (callitrichines) used faster, more asymmetrical and less cautious gaits along with symmetrical gaits. Intermembral index had a positive relationship with limb phase, consistent with higher limb phases in atelines compared to pitheciids. Substrate alone accounted for only 2% of kinematic variation among all taxa, with substrate orientation influencing kinematics more than diameter. Substrate effects, though weak, were generally consistent with predictions and with previous laboratory and field‐based research. Excluding callitrichines and asymmetrical gaits, the influence of substrate alone remained low (2%), and the phylogenetic signal dropped from 31% to 8%. The substantial residual kinematic variation may be attributable to substrate or morphological variables not measured here, but could also reflect basic biomechanical patterns shared by all taxa that serve them well when moving arboreally, regardless of the challenges provided by any particular substrate.
Hepatic abscess caused by foreign body ingestion: A case report
Authors: Li Qingqing , Liu Yujiang
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Liver abscess is a common clinical condition caused by bacterial, fungal or parasitic infections, usually due to immunosuppression. In contrast, secondary liver abscesses are caused by specific factors such as foreign bodies, tumours, or appendicitis.

Methods

We admitted a patient with secondary liver abscess and found an intrahepatic foreign body after interventional drainage. Initially, a foreign body of medical origin was suspected, but after a multidisciplinary consultation, it was determined to be caused by a foodborne foreign body. Laparoscopic surgery was then chosen as the treatment.

Result

The liver abscess was caused by an alimentary foreign body, and the intrahepatic foreign body was identified as a fish bone measuring approximately 2.5 cm in length.

Discussion

Upon diagnosing either primary or secondary liver abscess, aggressive treatment of the abscess focus is essential. However, in cases of secondary liver abscess, addressing and removing the underlying cause is necessary for complete resolution. For patients with a previously healthy liver, comprehensive history‐taking is crucial, and imaging studies play a significant role in diagnosis and treatment. Clinicians and radiologists should be vigilant for the possibility of foreign bodies, tumours, or unexpected intra‐abdominal inflammation, regardless of the patient's history. When dealing with food‐borne foreign bodies, endoscopic intervention should be considered first, followed by laparoscopy, and as a last resort, open surgery.

Conclusion

The diagnosis and treatment of liver abscess in clinical practice require a complete medical history and thorough imaging examinations. Ultrasound, as the initial imaging modality, allows real‐time and dynamic observation of lesions. It is essential for ultrasonologists to consider the possibility of foreign body‐induced liver abscess when diagnosing patients with liver abscess.
GOAT: A Global Optimization Algorithm for Molecules and Atomic Clusters
Authors: de Souza Bernardo
Published: February 2025

In this work, we propose a new Global Optimization Algorithm (GOAT) for molecules and clusters of atoms and show how it can find the global energy minima for both systems without resorting to molecular dynamics (MD). This avoids the potential millions of time‐consuming gradient calculations required by a long MD run. Because of that, it can be used with any regular quantum chemical method, even with the costlier hybrid DFT.
    
We showcase its accuracy by running it on various systems, from organic molecules to water clusters, metal complexes, and metal nanoparticles, comparing it with state‐of‐the‐art methods such as the Conformer‐Rotamer Ensemble Sampling Tool (CREST). We also discuss its underlying theory and mechanisms for succeeding in challenging cases. GOAT is, in general, more efficient and accurate than previous algorithms in finding global minima and succeeds in cases where others cannot due to the free choice for the Potential Energy Surface (PES).
Solvent‐Dependent Chirality Transmission and Amplification from Cellulose Derivative to Achiral Helical Polymer for Achieving Full‐Color and White Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Zhong Hai , Zhao Biao , Deng Jianping
Published: February 2025

Cellulose derivatives represent a promising natural chiral platform for creating circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials owing to their excellent processability and structural diversity. However, achieving full‐color and white CPL emissions based on cellulose derivatives remains challenging. The present work reports the first success in achieving full‐color and white CPL emissions leveraging chirality transmission and amplification from cellulose derivative to achiral helical polymer. Importantly, such chirality transfer displays a dependence on the hydrogen bond accepting ability of solvent, making it effortless to precisely regulate chiral intensity by single or combined solvents. Moreover, the induced chirality in helical polymer is further transferred to the introduced racemic fluorescent dyes, resulting in full‐color and white‐light CPL emissions with a maximum luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) up to 1.5×10−2 and 62.9 %, respectively. Further spatially separating the chiral and fluorescent components allows inversion of CPL handedness and precise modulation of CPL intensity. Notably, circularly polarized white organic light‐emitting diodes and chiral logic gate with multiple information outputs are successfully developed. This work gives an impetus to construct cellulosic chiroptical materials, offering more insights into chirality transfer between biomacromolecules and synthetic helical polymers.
Comparing eDNA and eRNA Sampling Methodologies From Pond Environments
Authors: Janik‐Superson Katarzyna , Krawczyk Dawid , Baranowska Monika , Królikowska Klaudyna , Seweryn Michał , Lach Jakub , Tończyk Grzegorz , Strapagiel Dominik , Bącela‐Spychalska Karolina , Taugbøl Annette
Published: February 2025

Molecular traces are increasingly being applied to assess the presence of species and communities. Studies on environmental DNA (eDNA) have, to a large extent, become common practice in species detection, but less studies have compared biodiversity estimations with the more temporary environmental RNA (eRNA). This study compares metabarcoding results from pond water obtained from both molecule types by sequencing the V4 region in the 18S rRNA marker. Water was collected from two depths, 20 and 80 cm, and filtered sequentially through two filter porosities, 0.45 and 0.22 μm. Each filter was cut in half before fixation in either 96% ETOH or RNAlater. The results showed no differences between the fixatives for either molecule. Overall, biodiversity estimates from eDNA significantly overperformed eRNA, likely due to higher concentrations of eDNA from terrestrial sources. Comparisons of the two depths showed variation for eDNA only, with increasing levels of biodiversity found at the upper water layer. Both filter pore sizes captured distinctive compositions of taxa, where about 30% of the diversity was uniquely identified from the second, finer filter. Taken together, these findings imply that the choice of molecular marker, depth and filter pore size affects the obtained biodiversity estimations in a pond.
Investigation of Aggregation Induced Emission Mechanism of Tetrabenzoheptafulvalene Derivative by Spin‐Flip Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory (SF‐TDDFT)
Authors: Aarzoo Aarzoo , Roy Ram Kinkar
Published: February 2025

This study explores the mechanism of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) in the tetrabenzoheptafulvalene derivative, 10,10',11,11'‐tetrahydro‐5,5'‐bidibenzo[a,d][7]annulenylidene (abbreviated as THBDBA) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution. We adopted spin‐flip time‐dependent density functional theory (SF‐TDDFT), widely acknowledged for its ability to locate the conical intersection (CI) in medium to large‐sized molecules. The strategies used are the excited‐state deactivation processes by taking into account the S1/S0 surface‐crossing, referred to as the ‘minimum energy conical intersection’ (MECI). Reduction of oscillator strength (f) near the minimum energy gap (MEG) or CI is also another parameter used to study fluorescence quenching. For the monomer, our findings reveal a significant reduction in f‐value for de‐excitation near the MEG and CI, signifying that in solution the flapping motion of the phenyl rings plays a vital role to reach the CI. A dimer system is chosen to represent the aggregate state in a smaller scale. The higher energy gap and f‐value at MEG with just the dimer system indicates that in the actual aggregate, because of much higher steric and electrostatic confinements the MECI might be absent. This is because the flapping motion of the phenyl rings will be highly restricted thereby favoring radiative transitions for energy dissipation in aggregates or crystals.
3D anatomical digital twins: New generation virtual models to navigate robotic partial nephrectomy
Authors: Amparore Daniele , Piana Alberto , Piramide Federico , De Cillis Sabrina , Checcucci Enrico , Fiori Cristian , Porpiglia Francesco
Published: February 2025

Objective 3D virtual models have gained interest in urology, particularly in the context of robotic partial nephrectomy. From these, newly developed “anatomical digital twin models” reproduce both the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the organs, including the texture of the tissues they comprise. The aim of the study was to develop and test the new digital twins in the setting of intraoperative guidance during robotic‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). Patient and Methods The production path of the 3D model‐digital twin of an organ begins with a phantom of virtual elements, including the kidney's parenchyma, vessels, tumour and collecting system. Textures are created from intraoperative robotic surgery images using machine learning algorithms. The result is a 3D model ‐ digital twin that replicates the organ's shape and appearance. Two surgeons, one experienced and one young, used both the standard 3D model and the digital twin in four surgical phases: identifying the organ and its boundaries, dissecting the vascular pedicle, isolating the neoplastic lesion and identifying the renal pelvis and ureter. Results 4 patients, 2 per each surgeon harbouring a low and intermediate complexity (PADUA 6 and 8) renal masses respectively, underwent RAPN. From the assessment made by the surgeons at the end of each procedure, the 3D digital twin models were found to be superior to their standard counterparts both in terms of concordance with real anatomy and in usefulness to guide the identification of the tumour, vascular pedicle and ureter, while they did not demonstrate significant advantages in identifying the kidney and its margins. Conclusions The new 3D digital twin models represent a step forward towards the personalization of virtual reconstructions. Approaching real anatomy more closely, they offer the surgeons a perceived higher degree of concordance with the intraoperative environment, making it easier to identify the structures of interest during the surgical procedure.
Exploring the Impact of Adaptive Behaviors on Balance: A Comparative Analysis of Static and Dynamic Balance in Athletes With and Without Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Benito‐Martínez Elisa , Alonso‐Cortés Beatriz , Fernández‐Gorgojo Mario , Coto Martín Raul , Méndez Blanco Ricardo
Published: February 2025

Background

Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) shows less development on their motor skills. Understanding the interaction between intellectual and physical performance will provide valuable information for the design of personalized interventions and support programs able to enhance active participation of these individuals.

Method

A descriptive‐analytical study with 93 participants (59 with ID) was designed to evaluate both static and dynamic balance in athletes. In addition, the relationship between balance and adaptive behaviors was analyzed to determine whether static and dynamic balance is affected to a greater or lesser extent depending on the level of adaptive skills or intellectual capacity.

Results

Significant differences were found in balance's variables between individuals with and without ID. IQ measurements (processing speed) and adaptive behaviors showed a correlation with some balance variables. In athletes with less ID levels, the correlation between balance and adaptive behaviors is more notable.

Conclusions

There are clear differences in both static and dynamic balance between individuals with and without intellectual disabilities. In addition, the level of adaptive skills and processing speed is related to balance, with those having lower levels of adaptive skills experiencing greater difficulties in maintaining better balance
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Adult‐Onset Glutaric Aciduria Type 1: Report of Two Cases and a Literature Review
Authors: Wei Luhua , Li Jieyu , Xie Zhiying , Zhu Ying , Chen Jing , Zhao Yawen , Yuan Yun , Huang Yining , Yang Yanling , Wang Zhaoxia , Chen Jing
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Glutaric aciduria Type 1 (GA‐1) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by GCDH variations. GA‐1 is a rare disease that typically manifests in infancy and early childhood, with adult‐onset cases being even rarer. Currently, data on the clinical and genetic characteristics of adult‐onset GA‐1 remain limited.

Methods

We hereby reported two new cases of adult‐onset GA‐1 and systematically summarized reported studies to investigate its genotypic and phenotypic features.

Results

Patient 1 presented with seizures as the onset symptom. Patient 2 exhibited recurrent stroke‐like episodes. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed subependymal lesions. Urine organic acid analyses were performed since both patients had hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and found significantly elevated glutaric acid and 3‐hydroxyglutaric acid. Genetic analysis further identified biallelic missense variants in GCDH in both patients (Patient 1: c.383G> A, c.937C> T; Patient 2: c.533G> A, c.1205G> A). A literature review found seven cases and 12 variants in adult‐onset GA‐1. Most of them showed nonspecific neurological manifestations. The most common symptoms were cognitive impairment and headache. Subependymal lesions have been reported in five of seven cases. One of them also had HHcy. All adult‐onset GA‐1 cases were high excretors. All GCDH variants are located in nonactive binding regions.

Conclusion

This study characterized the phenotype of adult‐onset GA‐1 emphasizing subependymal lesions and the coexistence of HHcy. The latter might suggest the influence of environmental factors on the age of onset. No clear genotype–phenotype correlation was found.
Strategic Linkages to ESG Performance: The Role of Performance Measurement System and Psychological Empowerment
Authors: Dong Xiaonan , Son Sungjin , Roh Taewoo
Published: February 2025

Sustainable development strategies (SDS) have been widely studied from both an innovation and financial perspective, as they play a critical role in balancing the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) pillars. However, the causal pathways connecting SDS to internal capabilities, such as performance measurement systems (PMS) and human resource management (HRM) practices, and their subsequent impact on both ESG performance (ESGP) and financial performance (FP) remain underexplored. This study integrates the sustainable balanced scorecard (SBSC) framework and resource orchestration theory (ROT) to examine how PMS control types (i.e., diagnostic and interactive), PMS justice (PMSJ), and psychological empowerment (PE) mediate the relationships between SDS, ESGP, and FP. Using data from China's top 500 manufacturing firms, we find that SDS positively impacts FP by enhancing ESGP. Furthermore, PMS control types, PMSJ, and PE act as sequential mediators, clarifying the internal mechanisms linking SDS to sustainable performance. These findings suggest that strategic attention to both PMS types and employee empowerment is crucial for achieving ESG as well as financial goals.
Flocculation‐based clarification for production of protein therapeutics in Pichia pastoris: Recombinant human serum albumin as a case study
Authors: Hebbi Vishwanath , Kumar Jashwant , Rathore Anurag S.
Published: February 2025

Pichia pastoris has been used as an expression system for multiple biotherapeutic products due to the unique advantages it offers with respect to cell density, protein titer, extracellular expression, and other such advantages. However, clarification of cell broth presents a significant challenge, primarily due to the high cell density (up to 50% W/V). Additionally, the abundance of host cell proteins complicates secondary clarification, impacting subsequent chromatographic, and filtration steps. In this study, a flocculation‐based cell clarification method has been developed for the primary recovery of protein therapeutic products from Pichia broth. Human serum albumin (HSA) has been used as a case study. Unlike polymer‐based flocculants, which introduce challenges in process clearance, the proposed method employs process‐compatible salts. The approach has been designed and optimized using Quality by Design (QbD) principles, achieving a clarification efficiency with up to 90% recovery and a reduction of host cell proteins by up to 30%. The proposed methodology would be applicable to other biotherapeutic applications involving protein production in P. pastoris.
Unveiling the Protective Potential of Crocin in Septic Acute Liver Injury via Assessment of TLR4/HGM1/NF‐κB Signaling Pathway, Oxidative Stress and Heat Shock Response
Authors: Akin Ali Tugrul , Kaymak Emin , Ceylan Tayfun , Kuloglu Nurhan , Karabulut Derya , Toluk Ayse
Published: February 2025

Sepsis, defined as a systemic inflammatory response, is one of the conditions with the highest mortality rates. Crosin (CRO) is one of the active ingredients in saffron and known for its various pharmacological effects. It has been reported to have protective and healing effects on liver tissue. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective role of CRO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute liver injury. 40 male Wistar Albino rats aged 8–12 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control, CRO (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal administration for 9 days), LPS (30 mg/kg, single dose), and LPS + CRO (50 mg/kg CRO for 9 days along with a single dose of 30 mg/kg LPS). Following the experimental procedure, liver and blood samples were collected for further analyses. Histopathological analysis revealed a marked increase in liver damage in the LPS group, as evidenced by significant histopathological changes. In contrast, the liver histology in the LPS + CRO group closely resembled that of the Control and CRO groups, exhibiting substantially less damage compared to the LPS group. Immunohistochemical examinations showed a significant increase in the expressions of TLR4, HMGB1, NF‐κB, TNF‐ α, HSP70, and HSP90 in the LPS group. However, in the LPS + CRO group, the levels of these markers were significantly lower compared to the LPS group. ELISA analyses showed a significant increase in MDA, IL‐6, and TGF‐β and a decrease in SOD, CAT, GSH levels in the LPS group. Conversely, in the LPS + CRO group, CRO applications exhibited a significant protective effect on these alterations. Additionally, AST, ALT, and LDH levels were significantly elevated in the LPS group, while albumin levels were lower in the LPS group. CRO applications in the LPS + CRO group were observed to have a protective effect on these parameters. We believe that CRO holds significant potential in the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases such as septic acute liver injury and should not be overlooked.
The Influence of Cyanidin‐3‐Glucoside on the Modulation of Immune Cell Responses by Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Conditioned Medium
Authors: de Freitas Sumara , Makiyama Edson Naoto , Neves Bruna Roberta Oliveira , Pizzolato Cezar Iolanda Silva Rafael , Gonçalves Carlos Eduardo da Silva , Rogero Marcelo Macedo , Fock Ricardo Ambrósio
Published: February 2025

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as promising therapeutic agents due to their immunomodulatory effects, primarily mediated via paracrine signaling. Similarly, anthocyanins, such as cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (C3G), have demonstrated significant anti‐inflammatory properties. In this context, this study investigated the immunomodulatory potential of C3G on MSCs, and subsequent effects on macrophage and lymphocyte responses. Cytotoxicity assays identified 50 µM as the highest nontoxic C3G concentration for MSCs. Flow cytometry confirmed that C3G treatment did not affect MSC viability or cell cycle distribution, even under LPS stimulation. Cytokine production by MSCs was evaluated after treatment with C3G and LPS. While no significant changes were observed in IL‐6, IL‐10, TGF‐β, or PGE2 levels, IL‐1β production was significantly reduced in LPS‐stimulated MSCs treated with C3G. Protein expression analysis revealed decreased NFκB phosphorylation in LPS‐stimulated MSCs treated with C3G, with no changes detected in STAT‐3 or PCNA expression. The immunomodulatory effects of MSC‐derived conditioned media on macrophages and lymphocytes were also assessed. In LPS‐stimulated macrophages, conditioned media from MSCs reduced the production of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐12. Interestingly, conditioned media from C3G‐treated MSCs specifically decreased TNF‐α levels, enhanced IL‐10 secretion, and further inhibited NFκB phosphorylation. In LPS‐stimulated lymphocytes, conditioned media from C3G‐treated MSCs suppressed IL‐2 production while increasing IL‐10 levels. In summary, these findings demonstrate that conditioned media from C3G‐treated MSCs modulates immune cell responses more effectively than C3G alone. C3G influences the paracrine activity of MSCs, resulting in a shift in the secretory profile and subsequent effects on immune cell behavior.
Alkali‐Stable Cations and Anion Exchange Membranes
Authors: Zhang Qihang , Ren Rong , Yin Liqiang , Sun Licheng
Published: February 2025

Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) based energy conversion and storage devices have attracted attention as an innovative technology due to their advantageous alkaline catalytic kinetics and cost‐effectiveness. AEMs play a crucial role in these devices and have shown significant progress in terms of ionic conductivity, mechanical properties, alkaline stability, and other essential characteristics. Nevertheless, their durability remains a limiting factor preventing the large‐scale deployment of AEMs based devices. The attack of hydroxide ions on the cations is an inherent issue that needs to be addressed to enhance the lifetime of the AEMs. Therefore, the design of more stable cationic groups is essential to maintain the initial properties of AEMs and extend the device lifetime. This concept systematically summarizes the development and stability enhancement strategies of the cationic groups for AEMs in recent years, with particular emphasis on the emerging cyclic cationic groups. Furthermore, the stability differences of cations in small molecules versus AEMs are systematically discussed, as well as prospective research toward stable AEMs.
Are Therapists Less Skilful in Teletherapy Than In‐Person Therapy Scenarios? A Latent Profile Analysis of Facilitative Interpersonal Skills
Authors: Lin Tao , Doorn Katie Aafjes‐van , Heckman Timothy G. , Antebi‐Lerman Eva , Anderson Timothy
Published: February 2025

Emerging research suggests that therapists feel less efficacious administering therapy remotely than in‐person. These findings, however, are based almost exclusively on therapist self‐reports. The current study compared therapists' self‐reported and observer‐rated therapeutic skills across simulated in‐person and teletherapy scenarios to determine if common factors and therapeutic skills differed between the two treatment settings. A diverse sample of 223 licensed therapists and trainees simulated the provision of psychotherapy using standardised clips of challenging therapeutic scenarios in both tele‐ and in‐person therapy. Common factors and therapeutic skills in tele‐ and in‐person therapy simulations were rated by trained coders and compared. Latent profile analysis identified latent subgroups of therapists based on differences between skills when providing in‐person and teletherapy. Both self‐report and observer‐rated measures indicated that therapists demonstrated reduced common factors and therapeutic skills in teletherapy scenarios than in‐person therapy scenarios. Three latent profiles based on differences in skills between teletherapy versus in‐person therapy among therapists were identified: developing teletherapists (54.26%), teletherapy experts (34.98%) and teletherapy‐challenged therapists (10.76%). No variable assessed in the study differentiated the three groups. Therapists generally demonstrated lower levels of therapeutic skills in teletherapy compared with in‐person therapy settings. Considerable variability in the skill difference between the two psychotherapy formats was found among therapists. Trainings targeting skills that are complicated by teletherapy (e.g., emotional expression) are needed.
Integrated Sensing and Communication in Next‐Generation Wireless Networks: Insights and Trends
Authors: Singh Shatakshi , Samal Umashankar
Published: February 2025

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), wherein sensing and communication share the same frequency band and hardware, has emerged as a pivotal technology in future wireless systems. A thorough study is required for researchers because ISAC has attracted a lot of interest and attention from academia and industry. In this paper, we present a bibliometric review that seeks to map the current state of ISAC research by addressing three crucial aspects. The aspects are (1) locating key journals, and significant authors, and creating network maps within ISAC; (2) defining theme‐based clusters based on keyword co‐occurrence analysis; and (3) developing a strong research framework to direct future ISAC investigations. This study provides profound insights and a structured foundation for researchers, enhancing the understanding and development of ISAC technologies. By highlighting significant advancements and research trends, this review aims to foster further innovation and academic discourse in the field of ISAC.
Refining the trophic diversity, network structure, and bottom‐up importance of prey groups for temperate reef fishes
Authors: Zarco‐Perello S. , Bennett S. , Goetze J. , Holmes T. H. , Stuart‐Smith R. D. , White E. R.
Published: February 2025

Marine fish communities are highly diverse and contribute significantly to ecosystem processes. However, understanding their specific functional roles and the importance of different prey groups for sustaining fish communities has been limited by the historical classification of fishes into a few coarse trophic guilds. Using diet information to perform a high‐resolution trophic classification of 298 temperate reef fish species distributed across south‐western Australia, we built metacommunity and subregional trophic networks to evaluate the most important trophic relationships and energy pathways in temperate reefs. We identified 26 specialized trophic guilds within the groups of herbivores, zoobenthivores, zooplanktivores, piscivores, and cleaners. Zoobenthivorous fishes had the highest species richness and trophic diversity with 191 species in nine guilds. Consumers of crustaceans showed greater species redundancy at the metacommunity level. In contrast, a low redundancy of echinodermivores could represent a risk to local capacity for top‐down control of sea urchins across the region. Finer scale analysis of prey at the family level showed that piscivorous guilds may influence different trophic pathways, with some guilds consuming other piscivorous fishes, while others consume lower trophic levels, particularly crustaceavores. Evidence of predation on herbivorous guilds was only found for turf grazers, suggesting that fish herbivory might not function as a major direct link between primary producers and higher trophic levels. Among the prey consumed by fishes, micro‐crustaceans and decapods accounted for 33% of all diet proportions. The importance of macrophytes to the fish community likely resides indirectly through the trophic pathway of herbivorous and detritivorous invertebrates, particularly crustaceans, which are more consumed by fishes than macrophytes themselves. Comparison of trophic networks in the region showed that warmer locations had higher species redundancy per node and higher strength in trophic interactions. Yet, all networks had structural properties consistent with the meta‐network regarding the importance of prey groups and modularity. Considering high‐resolution predator–prey interactions enhances our understanding of the blue‐print of ecosystem functions in shallow marine systems. Identifying the specific trophic significance of different consumers and prey groups is important for ecological forecasting and the prioritization of conservation and resource management regulations in our current fast‐changing world.
Baseline characteristics of contemporary trial participants with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: The VICTOR trial
Authors: Saldarriaga Clara I. , Zannad Faiez , McMullan Ciaran J. , Xing Aiwen , Gates Davis , Anstrom Kevin J. , Bonaca Marc P. , Corda Stefano , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Lewis Eldrin F. , Lindenfeld JoAnn , Mentz Robert J. , O'Connor Christopher , Patel Mahesh , Ponikowski Piotr , Reddy Yogesh N.V. , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Senni Michele , Udelson James , Voors Adriaan A. , Butler Javed
Published: February 2025

Aims

To describe the baseline characteristics of the participants in the VICTOR (Vericiguat Global Study in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure; NCT05093933) trial and compare them to recent trials in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods and results

Baseline characteristics were evaluated in 6105 patients randomized to vericiguat or placebo. The mean age of the participants was 67 ± 11 years, 23.6% were women, 64.4% were White, and 10.7% were self‐identified Black. Overall, 29.1% of participants were enrolled in Latin and South America, 27.8% and 18.5% in Eastern and Western Europe, 14.0% in Asia‐Pacific and 10.6% in North America. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 30 ± 7% and 79% had New York Heart Association class II symptoms. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 70.9 ± 24.0 ml/min/1.73 m2. Median N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide level was 1476 (970–2495) pg/ml and 47.5% of participants had no prior hospitalization for heart failure. Baseline therapy included 94.4% beta‐blockers, 94.3% renin–angiotensin system modulation (including 56.0% on an angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor), 77.7% mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, 59.1% sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and 32.9% implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators. Overall characteristics were relatively similar to other recent HFrEF trials but the VICTOR trial enrolled a higher proportion of participants receiving contemporary drug and device therapy.

Conclusion

The VICTOR trial enrolled the most optimally treated population in a phase III heart failure trial. These features will facilitate assessment of the benefit of vericiguat and elucidate the outcomes of patients on up‐to‐date medical therapy.
Divergent One‐Pot Two‐Step Synthesis of Phosphoryl‐Substituted 4‐Quinolones and 3‐Indolinones
Authors: Nuzhdin Ivan , Murashkina Arina , Bezzubov Stanislav , Mitrofanov Alexander , Beletskaya Irina
Published: February 2025

In this study, we have developed an approach for the selective two‐step synthesis of phosphoryl‐substituted 4‐quinolones and phosphoryl‐substituted 3‐indolinones. This was achieved through the reaction of (3‐(2‐iodoaryl)‐3‐oxoprop‐1‐yn‐1‐yl)phosphonates with anilines followed by Cu‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of the intermediately formed regioisomeric enamines, which are selectively formed under neat conditions or in the presence of a gold complex as a catalyst. This method allows for the synthesis of a series of phosphoryl‐substituted 4‐quinolones and phosphoryl‐substituted 3‐indolinones in good yields.
Amination of Flavonoids Possessing a Pyrogallol Group in Cell Culture Medium at 37°C
Authors: Zhang Haolin , Zhang Jingjing , Cao Hui , Högger Petra , Arroo Randolph , Farag Mohamed A. , Shpigelman Avi , Xiao Jianbo , Li Chunlin
Published: February 2025

A class of flavonoid aminated derivatives that had been consistently overlooked in literature was shown to be formed as artefacts in cell culture medium. In this study, 34 flavonoids from different subclasses were incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) at 37°C for 2 h to identify the reaction mechanism behind aminated derivatives formation from flavonoids. Baicalein, scutellarein, dihydromyricetin, (−)‐gallocatechin (GC), (−)‐epigallocatechin (EGC), (−)‐GC gallate, and (−)‐EGC gallate were found to yield corresponding nitrogenous derivatives in both DMEM and amino acid solution. The nitrogen source of these seven flavonoid ‐aminated derivatives was revealed to be amino acids in DMEM. The pyrogallol group of the flavonoids was a key structural motif, being first oxidized into quinone and then further reacting with amino acids (Strecker degradation) to yield aminated flavonoids and corresponding aldehydes. A slightly alkaline environment accelerated the amination of flavonoids, possibly via the formation of flavonoid quinone. These results provide the mechanistic evidence for the in vitro generation of flavonoid ‐aminated derivatives, yet to be tested using in vivo assays.
Impact of High Hydrostatic Pressure on the Physicochemical Characteristics, Functional Properties, Structure, and Bioactivities of Tenebrio molitor Protein
Authors: Zhang Can , Suo Huayi , Song Jiajia
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to explore the influence of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment on the structure, functional characteristics, and bioactivities of Tenebrio molitor protein. The results showed that HHP induced dissociation of T. molitor protein, exposing hydrophobic groups and reducing particle size, which in turn reduced turbidity. Additionally, 600 MPa treatment significantly reduced the foaming stability and emulsifying activity of T. molitor protein. Treatments at 200 MPa and 400 MPa significantly reduced emulsion stability, whereas 400 MPa treatment significantly increased oil retention. HHP treatment also altered the secondary and tertiary structures of T. molitor protein, as demonstrated by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra. Furthermore, HHP treatment significantly affected the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of T. molitor protein. This study provides a theoretical framework for using HHP to modify T. molitor protein.
Outcomes of patients with relapsed or refractory primary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma treated with anti‐CD19 CAR‐T cells: CARTHYM, a study from the French national DESCAR‐T registry
Authors: Galtier Jean , Mesguich Charles , Sesques Pierre , Dupont Vivien , Bachy Emmanuel , Di Blasi Roberta , Thieblemont Catherine , Gastinne Thomas , Cartron Guillaume , Brisou Gabriel , Gros François‐Xavier , Decroocq Justine , Morschhauser Franck , Rubio Marie‐Thérèse , Drieu La Rochelle Laurianne , Le Bras Fabien , Carras Sylvain , Chauchet Adrien , Bay Jacques‐Olivier , Joris Magalie , Loschi Mickael , Tanguy‐Schmidt Aline , Marquet Alexandra , Camus Vincent , Le Gouill Steven , Houot Roch , Bouabdallah Krimo
Published: February 2025

Primary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma (PMBL) is often cured with dose‐dense anthracycline‐based regimens but the prognosis at relapse or progression remains poor. While anti‐CD19 CAR‐T cell therapy has dramatically improved outcomes in relapsed or refractory large B‐cell lymphoma, far less is known about their efficacy in PMBL. Using the systematic record of all patients treated with CAR‐T cells prospectively included in the DESCAR‐T registry in France, along with centrally reviewed positon‐emission tomography (PET) imaging, we describe the outcomes and key determinants of treatment success in PMBL patients treated over a 6‐year period. Among 82 patients infused in the registry we observed a best complete response (CR) rate, 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS), and 2‐year overall survival (OS) of 68.1%, 57.4%, and 73.8%, respectively. Outcomes were even better for the 62 patients infused with axicabtagene ciloleucel, with best CR rate, 2‐year PFS, and 2‐year OS reaching 74.5%, 70.4%, and 86.9%, respectively. Achieving a Deauville score of 1–4 or a ΔSUVmax reduction of more than 24% at the 1‐month evaluation was associated with excellent outcomes, whereas increased total metabolic tumor volume baseline PET increased the risk of treatment failure. Surprisingly, neither the response to bridging therapy nor the type of bridging therapy (chemotherapy versus immune checkpoint inhibitors) were associated with long‐term outcomes. In conclusion, this study confirms that anti‐CD19 CAR‐T cells as a valid standard‐of‐care for relapsed and refractory PMBL and highlights key determinants of treatment success.
Regional Inequalities in the Allocation of Specialist Doctors Within the Portuguese NHS
Authors: de Melo William , Ferreira Ana Sofia
Published: February 2025

This paper addresses regional disparities in the allocation of medical professionals within the Portuguese National Health Service (NHS) and its policy implications, drawing recommendations to address these inequalities. In a country with a universal and comprehensive healthcare system, ensuring equitable geographical distribution of healthcare professionals is crucial for the effectiveness and equity of the health system. The analysis uses data from the NHS payroll system (RHV), covering the period from 2017 to 2023, and focuses on active medical workers, including those on duty and retired but still in service, distributed among the five Regional Health Administrations that then existed. The analysis is based on Full‐Time Equivalents to provide a more realistic picture of the healthcare workforce. Population data comes from the official source. The Dissimilarity Index is used to measure regional disparities, focusing on the medical workforce (specialist doctors). The study aims to identify disparities in the distribution of these healthcare professionals throughout the five regions within the NHS and inform evidence‐based policies to address such inequalities in resource allocation of the healthcare workforce. The findings reveal that while the overall density of NHS healthcare workers per 1000 inhabitants grew, and global disparities in the allocation of NHS workers slightly diminished, some regional disparities have worsened, as it was the case of the distribution of specialist doctors among the territory. The Dissimilarity Index indicates increasing inequality among the allocation of the medical workforce in the national territory, with statistically significant growth in disparity over time. The study underscores the urgent need for targeted policies to address these growing inequalities in allocating specialist doctors within the NHS.