bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation on Propagation Characteristics of PD Radiated UHF Signal in Actual 252 kV GIS
Authors: Li Tianhui , Rong Mingzhe , Wang Xiaohua , Pan Jin
Published: July 2017

For partial discharge (PD) diagnostics in gas insulated switchgears (GISs) based on the ultra-high-frequency (UHF) method, it is essential to study the attenuation characteristics of UHF signals so as to improve the application of the UHF technique. Currently, the performance of UHF has not been adequately considered in most experimental research, while the constructive conclusions about the installation and position of UHF sensors are relatively rare. In this research, by using a previously-designed broadband sensor, the output signal is detected and analyzed experimentally in a 252 kV GIS with L-shaped structure and disconnecting switch. Since the relative position of the sensor and the defect is usually fixed by prior research, three circumferential angle positions of the defect in cross section are performed. The results are studied by time, statistics and frequency analyses. This identifies that the discontinuity conductor of DS will lead to a rise of both the peak to peak value (Vpp) and the transmission rate of the UHF signal. Then, the frequency analysis indicates that the reason for the distinction of signal amplitude and transmission rate is that the mode components of the PD signal are distinctively affected by the special structure of GIS. Finally, the optimal circumferential angle position of the UHF Sensor is given based on the comparison of transmission rates.
Flexural Behavior of Epoxy under Accelerated Hygrothermal Conditions
Authors: Mohamed Elarbi Abulgasem , Wu Hwai-Chung
Published: July 2017

Fibers by themselves have a limited use in engineering applications since they cannot transmit loads from one to another; therefore, the matrix material plays an important role in the overall function of the fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. This paper intends to study the long term strength of epoxy resins subject to accelerated hygrothermal conditions. Such tests are able to predict the weather durability performance of epoxy materials, which is particularly important for many FRP bonded concrete structures. Several sets of epoxy beam specimens have been constructed and exposed to various hygrothermal environments (25 °C, 100 °C, 180 °C and 0% or 100% relative humidity). Specimens were then evaluated at selected thermal cycles by three-point flexural tests. The flexural strength, mid-span deflection, and stiffness, as well as the mode of failure, have been examined in this study.
Development and Evaluation of a Novel Set of EST-SSR Markers Based on Transcriptome Sequences of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)
Authors: Guo Qi , Wang Jin-Xing , Su Li-Zhuo , Lv Wei , Sun Yu-Han , Li Yun
Published: July 2017

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L. of the family Fabaceae) is an ecologically and economically important deciduous tree. However, few genomic resources are available for this forest species, and few effective expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers have been developed to date. In this study, paired-end sequencing was used to sequence transcriptomes of R. pseudoacacia by the Illumina HiSeq TM2000 platform, and EST-SSR loci were identified by de novo assembly. Furthermore, a total of 1697 primer pairs were successfully designed, from which 286 primers met the selection screening criteria; 94 pairs were randomly selected and tested for validation using polymerase chain reaction amplification. Forty-five primers were verified as polymorphic, with clear bands. The polymorphism information content values were 0.033–0.765, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 10, and the observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.000–0.931 and 0.035–0.810, respectively, indicating a high level of informativeness. Subsequently, 45 polymorphic EST-SSR loci were tested for amplification efficiency, using the verified primers, in an additional nine species of Leguminosae, 23 loci were amplified in more than three species, of which two loci were amplified successfully in all species. These EST-SSR markers provide a valuable tool for investigating the genetic diversity and population structure of R. pseudoacacia, constructing a DNA fingerprint database, performing quantitative trait locus mapping, and preserving genetic information.
Evidence of Road Salt in New Hampshire’s Snowpack Hundreds of Meters from Roadways
Authors: Lazarcik James , Dibb Jack
Published: July 2017

Salinization of surface and groundwater has been directly linked to the area of road surfaces in a watershed and the subsequent wintertime maintenance used to keep roads free of snow and ice. Most studies that explore road salt in snow along roadways limit the study to within 100 m from a roadway and conclude that there is negligible deposition of de-icing salt at distances greater than 100 m. In this study, we analyze the ion content of the southern New Hampshire snowpack and use Mg2+ as a conservative sea-salt tracer to calculate sea salt and non-sea salt fractions of Cl−. There is a minimum of 60% non-sea salt Cl−, which we attribute to road salt, in the snowpack at our study sites 115 to 350 m from the nearest maintained roadways. This suggests that larger areas need to be considered when investigating the negative impact of Cl− loading due to winter-time maintenance.
Integrating Global Open Geo-Information for Major Disaster Assessment: A Case Study of the Myanmar Flood
Authors: Li Suju , Cui Yan , Liu Ming , He Haixia , Ravan Shirish
Published: July 2017

Major disasters typically impact large areas, cause considerable damages, and result in significant human and economic losses. The timely and accurate estimation of impacts and damages is essential to better understand disaster conditions and to support emergency response operations. Geo-information drawn from various sources at multi spatial-temporal scales can be used for disaster assessments through a synthesis of hazard, exposure, and post disaster information based on pertinent approaches. Along with the increased availability of open sourced data and cooperation initiatives, more global scale geo-information, including global land cover datasets, has been produced and can be integrated with other information for disaster dynamic damage assessment (e.g., impact estimation immediately after a disaster occurs, physical damage assessment during the emergency response stage, and comprehensive assessment following an emergency response). Residential areas and arable lands affected by the flood disaster occurring from July to August 2015 in Myanmar were assessed based on satellite images, GlobeLand30 data, and other global open sourced information as a study case. The results show that integrating global open geo-information could serve as a practical and efficient means of assessing damage resulting from major disasters worldwide, especially at the early emergency response stage.
Erratum: Zhai, J., et al. Quality Assessment Method for Linear Feature Simplification Based on Multi-Scale Spatial Uncertainty. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2017, 6, 184
Authors: Office IJGI Editorial
Published: July 2017

The editorial team of the journal International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI) would like to make the following corrections to the published paper [1]: [...]
Transgenic Strategies for Sparse but Strong Expression of Genetically Encoded Voltage and Calcium Indicators
Authors: Song Chenchen , Do Quyen , Antic Srdjan , Knöpfel Thomas
Published: July 2017

Rapidly progressing development of optogenetic tools, particularly genetically encoded optical indicators, enables monitoring activities of neuronal circuits of identified cell populations in longitudinal in vivo studies. Recently developed advanced transgenic approaches achieve high levels of indicator expression. However, targeting non-sparse cell populations leads to dense expression patterns such that optical signals from neuronal processes cannot be allocated to individual neurons. This issue is particularly pertinent for the use of genetically encoded voltage indicators whose membrane-delimited signals arise largely from the neuropil where dendritic and axonal membranes of many cells intermingle. Here we address this need for sparse but strong expression of genetically encoded optical indicators using a titratable recombination-activated transgene transcription to achieve a Golgi staining-type indicator expression pattern in vivo. Using different transgenic strategies, we also illustrate that co-expression of genetically encoded voltage and calcium indicators can be achieved in vivo for studying neuronal circuit input–output relationships.
Detailed Characterization of Sympathetic Chain Ganglia (SChG) Neurons Supplying the Skin of the Porcine Hindlimb
Authors: Kozłowska Anna , Mikołajczyk Anita , Majewski Mariusz
Published: July 2017

It is generally known that in the skin sympathetic fibers innervate various dermal structures, including sweat glands, blood vessels, arrectores pilorum muscles and hair follicles. However, there is a lack of data about the distribution and chemical phenotyping of the sympathetic chain ganglia (SChG) neurons projecting to the skin of the pig, a model that is physiologically and anatomically very representative for humans. Thus, the present study was designed to establish the origin of the sympathetic fibers supplying the porcine skin of the hind leg, and the pattern(s) of putative co-incidence of dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH) with pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), somatostatin (SOM), neuronal nitric oxide synthase, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY), leu5-enkephalin and galanin (GAL) using combined retrograde tracing and double-labeling immunohistochemistry. The Fast Blue-positive neurons were found in the L2–S2 ganglia. Most of them were small-sized and contained DβH with PACAP, SOM, NPY or GAL. The findings of the present study provide a detailed description of the distribution and chemical coding of the SChG neurons projecting to the skin of the porcine hind leg. Such data may be the basis for further studies concerning the plasticity of these ganglia under experimental or pathological conditions.
Biomechanical Loading Evaluation of Unsintered Hydroxyapatite/poly-l-lactide Plate System in Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy
Authors: Sukegawa Shintaro , Kanno Takahiro , Manabe Yoshiki , Matsumoto Kenichi , Sukegawa-Takahashi Yuka , Masui Masanori , Furuki Yoshihiko
Published: July 2017

OSTEOTRANS MX® (Takiron Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) is a bioactive resorbable maxillofacial osteosynthetic material composed of an unsintered hydroxyapatite/poly-l-lactide composite, and its effective osteoconductive capacity has been previously documented. However, the mechanical strength of this plate system is unclear. Thus, the aim of this in vitro study was to assess its tensile and shear strength and evaluate the biomechanical intensity of different osteosynthesis plate designs after sagittal split ramus osteotomy by simulating masticatory forces in a clinical setting. For tensile and shear strength analyses, three mechanical strength measurement samples were prepared by fixing unsintered hydroxyapatite/poly-l-lactide composed plates to polycarbonate skeletal models. Regarding biomechanical loading evaluation, 12 mandibular replicas were used and divided into four groups for sagittal split ramus osteotomy fixation. Each sample was secured in a jig and subjected to vertical load on the first molar teeth. Regarding shear strength, the novel-shaped unsintered hydroxyapatite/poly-l-lactide plate had significantly high intensity. Upon biomechanical loading evaluation, this plate system also displayed significantly high stability in addition to bioactivity, with no observed plate fracture. Thus, we have clearly demonstrated the efficacy of this plate system using an in vitro model of bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible.
Investigation of Molecular Structure and Thermal Properties of Thermo-Oxidative Aged SBS in Blends and Their Relations
Authors: Xu Xiong , Yu Jianying , Xue Lihui , Zhang Canlin , Zha Yagang , Gu Yi
Published: July 2017

Tri-block copolymer styrene–butadiene (SBS) is extensively applied in bituminous highway construction due to its high elasticity and excellent weather resistance. With the extension of time, tri-block structural SBS automatically degrades into bi-block structural SB- with some terminal oxygen-containing groups under the comprehensive effects of light, heat, oxygen, etc. In this paper, the effects of aging temperature, aging time and oxygen concentration on the molecular structure of thermo-oxidative aged SBS were mainly investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the correlation between oxygen-containing groups and thermal properties (TG–DTG) was further discussed. The FTIR and XPS results show that rapid decomposition of SBS will occur with increments of aging temperature, aging time and oxygen concentration, and a large number of oxygen-containing groups such as –OH, C=O, –COOH, etc. will be formed during thermo-oxidative aging. In short-term aging, changes in aging temperature and oxygen concentration have a significant impact on the structural damage of SBS. However, in long-term aging, it has no further effect on the molecular structure of SBS or on increasing oxygen concentration. The TG and DTG results indicate that the concentration of substances with low molecular weight gradually increases with the improvement of the degree of aging of the SBS, while the initial decomposition rate increases at the beginning of thermal weightlessness and the decomposition rate slows down in comparison with neat SBS. From the relation between the XPS and TG results, it can be seen that the initial thermal stability of SBS rapidly reduces as the relative concentration of the oxygen-containing groups accumulates around 3%, while the maximum decomposition temperature slowly decreases when the relative concentration of the oxygen-containing groups is more than 3%, due to the difficult damage to strong bonds on the molecular structure of aged SBS.
A Finite Element Model to Simulate Defect Formation during Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Zhu Zhi , Wang Min , Zhang Huijie , Zhang Xiao , Yu Tao , Wu Zhenqiang
Published: July 2017

In this study, a 3D coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model is developed to predict and analyze the defect formation during friction stir welding based on coupled Eulerian Lagrangian method. The model is validated by comparing the estimated welding temperature, processed zone shape and void size with those obtained experimentally. The results compared indicate that the simulated temperature and the data measured are in good agreement with each other. In addition, the model can predict the plasticized zone shape and the presence of a void in the weld quite accurately. However, the void size is overestimated. The effects of welding parameters and tool pin profile are also analyzed. The results reveal that welding at low welding speed or high tool rotational speed could produce a smaller void. Moreover, compared to a smooth tool pin, a featured tool pin can enhance plastic flow in the weld and achieve defect-free weldment. The results are helpful for the optimization of the welding process and the design of welding tools.
Metallization of Extruded Briquettes (BREX) in Midrex Process
Authors: Bizhanov Aitber , Malysheva Tatyana
Published: July 2017

The results of the full-scale testing of the Extruded Briquettes (BREX) as the charge components of the industrial Midrex reactor are discussed. The influence of the type of binder on the degree of metallization of BREX is analyzed. Magnesium sulfate-based binder helps to reach highest metallization degree of BREX. Mineralogical study shows the difference in the iron-silicate phase’s development as well as in the porosity change during metallization depending on the binder used.
Re-Equilibration Processes in Fluid Inclusion Assemblages
Authors: Bakker Ronald
Published: July 2017

Post-entrapment modifications reduce the reliability of fluid inclusions to determine trapping conditions in rock. Processes that may modify fluid inclusion properties are experimentally identified in this study using synthetic fluid inclusions in quartz with a well-defined composition and density. Modifications are characterized with microthermometry (homogenization and dissolution temperatures) and Raman-spectroscopy in binary fluid systems H2O-D2O and H2O-NaCl. Three distinct processes were identified in this study: (1) diffusion of H2O and D2O; (2) crystal-recovery, expulsion of H2O and accumulation of quartz in inclusions (preferential H2O loss); (3) irreversible total volume increase at the α-β quartz transition. Diffusion is caused by H2O fugacity gradients and can be modelled according to classical diffusion models. The variability of re-equilibrated properties in fluid inclusion assemblages depends on time, temperature, diffusion distance and the size of fluid inclusions. Negative pressure gradients (internal under-pressure) induce the crystal-recovery process, in which H2O is preferentially extracted from inclusions that simultaneously shrink by the inward growth of quartz. This process reduces the H2O concentration and increases the fluid density by total volume loss. Temperature and time are also controlling factors of this process, which is able to transport H2O against fugacity gradients.
Dietary Choline and Betaine and Risk of CVD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Meyer Katie , Shea Jonathan
Published: July 2017

Studies implicate choline and betaine metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis to quantify a summary estimated effect of dietary choline and betaine on hard CVD outcomes (incidence and mortality). Eligible studies were prospective studies in adults with comprehensive diet assessment and follow-up for hard CVD endpoints. We identified six studies that met our criteria, comprising 18,076 incident CVD events, 5343 CVD deaths, and 184,010 total participants. In random effects meta-analysis, incident CVD was not associated with choline (relative risk (RR): 1.00; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.02) or betaine (RR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.01) intake. Results did not vary by study outcome (incident coronary heart disease, stroke, total CVD) and there was no evidence for heterogeneity among studies. Only two studies provided data on phosphatidylcholine and CVD mortality. Random effects meta-analysis did not support an association between choline and CVD mortality (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.35), but one study supported a positive association and there was significant heterogeneity (I2 = 84%, p-value < 0.001). Our findings do not support an association between dietary choline/betaine with incident CVD, but call for further research into choline and CVD mortality.
Protective Role for Antioxidants in Acute Kidney Disease
Authors: Dennis Joanne , Witting Paul
Published: July 2017

Acute kidney injury causes significant morbidity and mortality in the community and clinic. Various pathologies, including renal and cardiovascular disease, traumatic injury/rhabdomyolysis, sepsis, and nephrotoxicity, that cause acute kidney injury (AKI), induce general or regional decreases in renal blood flow. The ensuing renal hypoxia and ischemia promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radical anions, peroxides, and hydroxyl radicals, that can oxidatively damage biomolecules and membranes, and affect organelle function and induce renal tubule cell injury, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction. Acute kidney injury is associated with increased oxidative damage, and various endogenous and synthetic antioxidants that mitigate source and derived oxidants are beneficial in cell-based and animal studies. However, the benefit of synthetic antioxidant supplementation in human acute kidney injury and renal disease remains to be realized. The endogenous low-molecular weight, non-proteinaceous antioxidant, ascorbate (vitamin C), is a promising therapeutic in human renal injury in critical illness and nephrotoxicity. Ascorbate may exert significant protection by reducing reactive oxygen species and renal oxidative damage via its antioxidant activity, and/or by its non-antioxidant functions in maintaining hydroxylase and monooxygenase enzymes, and endothelium and vascular function. Ascorbate supplementation may be particularly important in renal injury patients with low vitamin C status.
Routing in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks: A Leader-Based Approach
Authors: Burgos Unai , Amozarrain Ugaitz , Gómez-Calzado Carlos , Lafuente Alberto
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a leader-based approach to routing in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSN). Using local information from neighbour nodes, a leader election mechanism maintains a spanning tree in order to provide the necessary adaptations for efficient routing upon the connectivity changes resulting from the mobility of sensors or sink nodes. We present two protocols following the leader election approach, which have been implemented using Castalia and OMNeT++. The protocols have been evaluated, besides other reference MWSN routing protocols, to analyse the impact of network size and node velocity on performance, which has demonstrated the validity of our approach.
Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers
Authors: Ye Dong , Bramini Mattia , Hristov Delyan R , Wan Sha , Salvati Anna , Åberg Christoffer , Dawson Kenneth A
Published: July 2017

Cellular barriers, such as the skin, the lung epithelium or the intestinal epithelium, constitute one of the first obstacles facing nanomedicines or other nanoparticles entering organisms. It is thus important to assess the capacity of nanoparticles to enter and transport across such barriers. In this work, Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells were used as a well-established model for the intestinal barrier, and the uptake, trafficking and translocation of model silica nanoparticles of different sizes were investigated using a combination of imaging, flow cytometry and transport studies. Compared to typical observations in standard cell lines commonly used for in vitro studies, silica nanoparticle uptake into well-developed Caco-2 cellular barriers was found to be very low. Instead, nanoparticle association to the apical outer membrane was substantial and these particles could easily be misinterpreted as internalised in the absence of imaging. Passage of nanoparticles through the barrier was very limited, suggesting that the low amount of internalised nanoparticles was due to reduced uptake into cells, rather than a considerable transport through them.
Construction of highly enantioenriched spirocyclopentaneoxindoles containing four consecutive stereocenters via thiourea-catalyzed asymmetric Michael–Henry cascade reactions
Authors: Du Yonglei , Li Jian , Chen Kerong , Wu Chenglin , Zhou Yu , Liu Hong
Published: July 2017

The thiourea-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of highly enantioenriched spirocyclopentaneoxindoles containing chiral amide functional groups using simple 3-substituted oxindoles and nitrovinylacetamide as starting materials was achieved successfully. This protocol features operational simplicity, high atom economy, and high catalytic asymmetry, thus representing a versatile approach to the synthesis of highly enantioenriched spirocyclopentaneoxindoles.
Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean
Authors: Anzaldo Salvatore S.
Published: July 2017

The thirty-nine extant genera of Conoderinae known to occur in North America, Central America, and the Caribbean are reviewed based on external morphology. An identification key is provided along with diagnoses, distributions, species counts, and natural history information, when known, for each genus. Morphological character systems of importance for weevil classification are surveyed, potential relationships among the tribes and genera are discussed, and groups most in need of taxonomic and phylogenetic attention are identified. The following genera are transferred to new tribes:AcoptusLeConte, 1876 from the Lechriopini to the Othippiini(new placement)and the South American genusHedyceraPascoe, 1870 from the Lechriopini to the Piazurini(new placement).PhilidesChampion, 1906 andPhilinnaChampion, 1906 are transferred from the Lechriopini to Conoderinaeincertae sedis(new placement)although their placement as conoderines is uncertain. The speciesCopturomimus cinereusHeller, 1895 is designated as the type species of the genusCopturomimusHeller, 1895.
Les systèmes d’échanges du bénévole : une clé pour le management
Authors: Cousineau Marie
Published: July 2017

L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre la relation existante entre le bénévole et son association à la lumière de la théorie du don/contre don. Cette approche comporte trois phases : le don, le contre don et le rendre. Elle semble particulièrement adaptée pour étudier le lien entre le bénévole à son association puisque le don paraît être un déterminant de l’action associative. Si ses attentes ne sont pas satisfaites, il a la possibilité de participer à une autre structure. Notre problématique est la suivante : en quoi la clarification du système d’échanges permet-elle d’apporter une aide pour le management des bénévoles ? Pour cela, une étude exploratoire dans trois associations à caractère humanitaire/solidaire a été menée avec la réalisation de 24 entretiens semi-directifs. Suite à l’analyse de ces entrevues, une classification des bénévoles a été établie. Des pistes de recommandations managériales sont ensuite proposées.
La perception du métier de vendeur par ceux qui s’y destinent : une approche par l’image métier
Authors: Gavoille Franck , Poujol Fanny-Juliet , Siadou-Martin Béatrice
Published: July 2017

Les difficultés de recrutement dans les métiers de la vente trouvent notamment leur origine dans le manque de candidats disponibles sur le marché de l’emploi. Un moyen de pallier ce problème est d’attirer plus d’étudiants dans les filières de formation qui mènent à ces métiers. Or, la vente reste associée à des stéréotypes négatifs qui lui confèrent une image dépréciative à partir de laquelle il est difficile de susciter des souhaits d’orientation professionnelle et qui présente un décalage important entre perception et réalité du métier. Dans ce contexte, notre recherche s’intéresse à l’évocation du métier de vendeur auprès des professionnels grâce à une analyse de la presse managériale et à l’aide d’une étude qualitative auprès de 88 étudiants en filière vente. Confirmant les travaux académiques sur l’image métier, nos résultats font émerger trois dimensions du métier de vendeur : la rétribution, les responsabilités et le relationnel. Ces résultats conduisent à considérer la perméabilité des dimensions de l’image métier et à s’interroger sur l’absence de la dimension contribution de l’image métier. Les implications managériales de cette recherche visant à renforcer l’attractivité des métiers de la vente portent essentiellement sur la communication relative au métier de commercial.
Le corps collectif des contractants
Authors: Gnassounou Bruno
Published: July 2017

Résumé Le contrat, réel ou idéal, ponctuel ou à renouveler indéfiniment, privé ou social, est conçu comme le moyen normativement privilégié pour deux individus d’instituer une entité collective qui respecte la liberté des contractants. Le but de l’article est de reprendre à nouveaux frais l’analyse de cette institution volontariste du collectif en partant de la notion de contrat. Or, il est tentant de considérer le contrat comme un échange de promesses unilatérales, c’est-à-dire comme une agrégation d’obligations inconditionnelles que chacune des parties au contrat s’impose l’une à part l’autre. Pourtant, une telle conception entre en contradiction avec une propriété que l’on reconnaît traditionnelement au contrat : les obligations qu’il impose sont conditionnelles ; si l’une des parties ne remplit pas ses obligations, l’autre est relevé de celles qu’il a contractées. Comment penser cette interdépendance des obligations ? L’auteur montre que le modèle des « promesses croisées » doit céder la place au modèle du « corps collectif » : les actes de promesses constituent les deux face d’une seul et unique et opération. On montre que l’unité de ces opérations présuppose que les individus se pensent comme corps collectif et que la condition pour qu’ils puissent se penser comme tels est leur participation à une institution commune qui est précisément celle du contrat, de sorte que le contrat présuppose le collectif, plutôt qu’il ne l’engendre.
Les doctrines organicistes et la figuration des entités collectives
Authors: Baume Sandrine
Published: July 2017

Les doctrines organicistes de l’État et la figuration des entités collectives Les théories organicistes de l’État sont remarquables par leur diffusion dans le temps, dans l’espace et par la diversité de leurs usages doctrinaux. Elles s’épanouissent particulièrement à la fin du 19e siècle et au début du 20e siècle, chez des auteurs d’obédiences très diverses, qui n’ont parfois en commun que leur adhésion à l’organicisme. Cette contribution s’organise autour de deux interrogations principales. Premièrement, qu’elles sont les raisons qui sous-tendent l’étonnant et vaste succès de l’organicisme ? Deuxièmement, qu’est-ce qui a précipité l’irrémédiable déclin des doctrines organicistes et pour quelles raisons épistémologiques et idéologiques l’organicisme ne permet plus aujourd’hui de penser les entités collectives ?
Identification of pre-accident situations faced by french cyclists in urban environments: an on-road study
Authors: Navarro Jordan , Aupetit Samuel , Allain Gaël , Hilaire Christophe , Rogé Joceline
Published: July 2017

Le nombre grandissant de cyclistes et les évolutions des aménagements routiers associés induisent de nouvelles interactions entre cyclistes et autres usagers de la route. Compte tenu des enjeux sécuritaires, l’objectif poursuivi ici était de mieux comprendre les situations accidentogènes impliquant les cyclistes via une analyse détaillée de ces situations avec une méthodologie ergonomique fondée sur l’analyse de l’activité. Les différentes situations de pré-accident jugées comme risquées par vingt cyclistes lors de leur pratique habituelle ont été collectées et classées selon leur fréquence d’occurrence relative. Les résultats indiquent que près d’un tiers des situations de pré-accident rapportées résultent de l’interaction entre cyclistes et piétons. Après quoi et par ordre de fréquence, les situations étaient liées à des interactions avec des automobilistes (a) entrant ou quittant le stationnement, (b) interférant avec les cyclistes en tournant à droite, (c) interférant avec les cyclistes en venant de la droite à une intersection, (d) ou encore dépassant les cyclistes de trop près. Lorsque l’intérêt s’est porté plus spécifiquement sur les situations où la visibilité des cyclistes était engagée, des résultats similaires ont été obtenus exception faite des catégories (c) véhicule venant de la droite et coupant la trajectoire du cycliste et (d) dépassant les cyclistes de trop près qui tendent à disparaître. Ces situations (c & d) étaient majoritairement associées à des comportements délibérés des automobilistes. Dans leur ensemble, les résultats permettent de classer par fréquence d’apparition les situations de pré-accident rapportées par les cyclistes et pointent la nécessitée d’une meilleure intégration des usagers cyclistes en zone urbaine.
Caracterización petrológica y geoquímica de las rocas plutónicas de la Sierra de La Aguada, Provincia de San Luis, Argentina: Implicaciones genéticas con el arco magmático Famatiniano
Authors: Cristofolini E. , Barzola M. , Otamendi J. , Tibaldi A. , Morosini A. , Armas P. , Camilletti G.
Published: July 2017

El presente trabajo expone una síntesis de la geología que comprende al complejo cristalino que constituye la Sierra de La Aguada, provincia de San Luis, Argentina, desde un enfoque basado en las relaciones de campo, los rasgos petrológico-estructurales y las características geoquímicas. Dicha serranía expone un basamento dominado por rocas plutónicas intermedias-máficas de afinidad calcoalcalina y granitoides félsicos peraluminosos, en conjunto intruidas en metamorfitas de bajo a medio grado metamórfico estabilizadas en condiciones de facies de anfibolita. Todo el conjunto litológico ha sido agrupado dentro del denominado complejo El Carrizal-La Aguada. El análisis de las relaciones de campo, la petrografía y la comparación de las características geoquímicas de las rocas plutónicas del área estudiada y aquellas pertenecientes a la suite ordovícica Famatiniana expuestas en la Sierra Grande de San Luis, sugiere una posible relación genética-temporal vinculada al desarrollo del arco magmático Famatiniano.
Histoire et culture
Authors: Delprat François
Published: July 2017

Calibán, apuntes sobre la cultura de nuestra América, du Cubain Roberto Fernández Retamar, est publié en 1971, quand l’auteur dirigeait Casa de las Américas, organe culturel de la Révolution castriste. Le personnage du sauvage, dans la pièce de Shakespeare, La Tempête, était emblème de l’être primitif, tout animalité et désordre, et que Prospéro, souverain de l’île où l’a conduit un naufrage, tente de civiliser. Ce pourquoi il obtient l’aide d’Ariel, son serviteur, empressé à instaurer le monde de l’esprit inculqué par son maître. L’essai étudié montre que ce thème est dérivé de la conception platonicienne qui oppose matière et idéal, réinterprété à travers une lecture colonialiste de l’histoire. Roberto Fernández Retamar énonce une lecture marxiste léniniste de l’histoire en opérant un renversement de valeurs : Caliban symbolise l’authentique culture de l’homme dans ses rapports naturels avec le monde, son droit à définir le chemin et à s’accomplir en ses propres besoins et selon le milieu qui lui appartient. Cette thèse s’accorde avec l’esprit révolutionnaire, dans le sens du matérialisme historique. L’essai paraît au moment où l’affaire Padilla déclenche de grandes polémiques et où le gouvernement révolutionnaire castriste lance les nouvelles consignes concernant les intellectuels.
Sauvages d’Argentine sous des plumes françaises
Authors: Larrue Christophe
Published: July 2017

Au milieu du xixe siècle, d’immenses territoires de l’actuelle République argentine sont encore contrôlés par des tribus indiennes non soumises, qu’il est courant de désigner comme « sauvages ». Cet article propose de dégager les grandes caractéristiques de la vision de ces populations par les textes de voyageurs français de la seconde moitié du siècle. Nous verrons dans un premier temps ce qui définit ces « sauvages » de l’espace argentin, ce qui les distingue, et comment ils sont perçus comme repoussants ou bien dignes d’un intérêt scientifique qui les réduit à un statut d’objet ; dans un second temps, nous verrons que, selon les rapports de force, les relations avec les « civilisés » peuvent s’inverser et que ces mêmes voyageurs acceptent aussi bien de reconnaître qu’ils partagent une même condition humaine.
La risa del salvaje y la soberanía
Authors: Abeyta Michael
Published: July 2017

Este ensayo estudia varios matices de la risa en la obra de Georges Bataille y cómo se manifiestan en la narrativa tardía de Carlos Fuentes, sobre todo en el cuento «El hijo de la estrella». El estudio parte de una discusión de la risa del salvaje en Histoire de l’Œil, «Le cheval académique», y «L’Amérique disparue». Luego se estudian las relaciones entre la risa y la práctica de la alegría ante la muerte entre los aztecas, y la risa y la soberanía de los niños. En la última parte se comparan el carnaval de Bakhtin y la risa en Bataille como formas de pensamiento crítico. Según ambos críticos la risa interrumpe el discurso autoritario y restaura la comunicación y la intimidad con el otro.
The Utilization of GIS in Revealing the Reasons behind Flooding Ras Gharib City, Egypt
Authors: Ezz Hesham
Published: July 2017

Flash floods in Egypt are considered the worst weather-related natural disasters. They are dangerous as they suddenly and unpredictably occur. Ras Gharib City is one of the recent cities that was subjected to a destructive flash flood in October 2016. The city was founded 85 years ago and it has no flood hazard history. This paper presents the utilization of GIS environment in estimating the drainage streams discharging towards the city using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 30m spatial resolution. Two scenarios are conducted in this study to show why Ras Gharib was subjected to a flash flood. In the first scenario, a drainage map is conducted using the normal elevations extracted from the topographic map. In the second scenario, a drainage map is conducted using the same extracted elevations after elevating Minya - Ras Gharib Highway with 1.5m. The study shows that elevating the highway is the main reason of subjecting the city to this flood causing 11 dead people and 36 injured.
Factors Leading to Mobile Telecommunications Customer Churn in Zambia
Authors: Banda Patience Kunda , Tembo Simon
Published: July 2017

Customer churn is a major challenge in the mobile telecommunications industry today. Churn can be caused by different factors, which may arise from the interactions of subscribers with products and services or even employees of organizations. If customer churn is not managed and prevented in good time, it can lead to significant loss of revenues and possibly make a business crumble. This paper studies the various reasons that lead to mobile customer churn in the Zambian telecommunication sector. Seven hundred mobile subscribers in six districts of Zambia were interviewed. The mobile subscribers who churned once or more between the years 2010 to 2015 indicated the actual factors that led them to terminate subscription to mobile services. There were a total of 20 factors identified to cause churn in the Zambian mobile telecommunication industry. Results show that poor customer service took the lead by causing about 23% of the mobile customer churn cases that took place between the years 2010 to 2015. Poor network quality and high cost of services followed as causes of 18% and 14% of the churn cases for those years respectively.
Effect of Withdrawal Speed on the Structural, Optical and Morphological Properties of NiO Thin Films Obtained by Sol-Gel Dip Coating Method
Authors: Noua Abd Elouahab , Guemini Rebai , Farh Hichem , Zaabat Mourad
Published: July 2017

In this study, pure nickel oxide thin films were prepared by a sol-gel dip coating method with different withdrawal speeds, onto glass substrates and their structural, optical and morphological properties were investigated. The structural properties of NiO films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Polycrystalline structures of the prepared films were detected. The optical properties of the films were studied by UV–visible spectrophotometer and the optical transmittance of the films within the visible and near infrared region was found to be more than 75% and decrease when the withdrawal speed increase. The surface morphology of the films was observed by atomic force microscopy and it was found that the root mean square (RMS) roughness increases from 3.78 to 15 nm when the withdrawal speed increased from 30 to70 mm/min. Thus, the withdrawal speed is a key factor to change the NiO thin films properties.
Analysis on the Factors of Surface Morphologies on Si3N4 Ceramic Internal Grinding
Authors: Sun Jian , Zhou Peng , Wu Yu Hou , Zhang Ke , Zhang Li Xiu
Published: July 2017

Different grinding parameters of silicon nitride ceramic are researched at the process of internal grinding. The influences on the roughness of surface by the linear speed of grinding wheel (vs), radial feeding speed (f) and axial vibration speed (fa) are studied in the uniformity testing. The experimental equation of silicon nitride ceramic internal grinding is optimized. The machined surface morphologies of the ceramic specimen are measured by roughness instrument of Taylor-Hobson Surtroni-25 and scanning electron microscope of S-4800. The results show that with the increasing of the linear speed of grinding wheel the roughness of surface get reduced, and with the increasing of radial feeding speed the roughness of surface get raised. It is also inversely proportional to the axial vibration speed. The linear speed of grinding wheel has the biggest impact on the roughness of surface of the silicon nitride ceramic internal grinding among the three grinding parameters. With the increasing of linear speed of grinding wheel, the value of roughness of surface declines from 0.4095μm to 0.1726μm. The influences on the roughness of surface of the silicon nitride ceramic internal grinding by different factors are found out in the research, and its removal mechanisms are cleared up under different linear speeds of grinding wheel.
Interaction of Mineral and Polymer Fibers with Cement Stone and their Effect on the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Cement Composites
Authors: Plugin Andrii A. , Kostiuk Tatyana O. , Plugin Oleksiy A. , Bondarenko Dmytro O. , Sukhanova Yulia A. , Partala Natalia N.
Published: July 2017

Cement-based penetrating waterproof compounds compact the concrete structure due to penetration into the microcracks, pores and capillaries of slightly soluble crystalline hydrates. The coatings made from them do have some drawbacks such as low tensile strength and shrinkage, which may lead to cracks and reduce impermeability. Dispersed fiber reinforcement allows improving these parameters. The surface electric properties of glass fibers and polyester fiber were studied; their ability to be a substrate for the growth of crystalline hydrates was studied; X-ray phase and thermal analysis of cement hydration products with a complex chemical additive providing penetrating action were carried out; electron microscopic studies of the contact zone between fibers and crystalline hydrates were carried out; experimental studies of the dependence of the composition physical and mechanical and hydrophysical properties on the additive and fiber content were carried out. It was found that a dense liner of crystalline hydrates and hydrosilicate gel is formed around the glass fiber and polyester fiber with a silicone dressing size. Between the crystalline hydrates and the fiber surface, strong electro-heterogeneous contacts are formed, which provide the high physical and mechanical properties of the composite. The amount of the complex chemical additive and polyester fiber that provides the maximum strength and minimum water absorption of the composition is determined experimentally.
Application of Waste Glass Powder as a Partial Cement Substitute towards more Sustainable Concrete Production
Authors: Olofinnade Oluwarotimi Michael , Ndambuki Julius M. , Ede Anthony N. , Booth Colin
Published: July 2017

Use of waste materials in concrete is now a global trend for efficient waste management so as to achieve a sustainable green environment and with the added advantages of preserving the natural resources as well as producing a better performing concrete. This study examined the properties of concrete containing ground waste glass powder (GP) as partial replacement for cement. The waste glass was finely grounded into powder and the morphology imagery of the powder materials was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the chemical composition of the glass powdered material was determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Laboratory tests were carried out to determine the strength activity index, workability, split tensile and compressive strength properties of the concrete with 0%, 15%, 18%, 21%, 24%, 27% and 30% partial replacement of cement with the ground waste glass powder. The results showed that the oxides composition of the glass powder meets the requirements for pozzolanic material, while the SEM morphology shows materials of amorphous flaky solid masses, and based on the 28-day strength activity index, concrete containing 21% cement replacement shows a higher strength index above therecommended 75%. It was also observed that workability of the concrete reduced with increase in percentage glass content while significant improvement of the compressive strength of the concrete was achieved at 21% cement replacement, after which a decrease in strength with increasing percentage glass content was observed. The revealed results were confirmed by the microstructural examination using SEM showing a denser concrete at 21% cement replacement but increase porosityas the glass content increases. However, a decrease in split tensile strength was observed with increasing glass content. The results clearly showed that it is possible to produce moderate strength sustainable concrete for structural application using 20% glass powder as cement replacement.
Investigation on the Origin of Magnetization in Plastically Deformed NI51TI49 Alloy
Authors: Drozdova Anna , Nyavro Alexander , Kveglis Lyudmila
Published: July 2017

The article deals with the investigation of structure and magnetic properties of plastically deformed Ni51Ti49 alloy. The magnetic hysteresis loops confirm the presence of ferromagnetic properties in the alloy. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) detects the appearance of lenticular crystals with bending contours which indicate the large distortion of the crystal lattice. The crystal lattice curvature occurs due to the large atom displacement. As a result, icosahedral clusters with the Frank-Kasper (FK) structure can be formed. The spin-polarized density of electron states and the magnetic moments for both non-deformed (near-spherical structure) and deformed (elongated by 5% along the Z-axis) Ni7Ti5 (FK-12), Ni8Ti5 (FK-13), and Ni10Ti6 (FK-16) clusters are calculated for the explanation of possibility of magnetization appearance in Ni51Ti49 alloy. The calculations show the increase in the magnetic moments for the deformed clusters. The calculated spectra demonstrate the high density of electron states near the Fermi level which is a characteristic feature of ferromagnetic alloys.
The Mathematical Modeling of the Initial Stage of Ion Implantation into the Target with Coating
Authors: Parfenova Elena S.
Published: July 2017

The paper presents a non-isothermal model of the initial stage of ion implantation process. The model takes into account the existence of internal interfaces. The model assumes that the implantable impurity generates mechanical perturbations. These disturbances can propagate at different speeds before and after internal boundary. The examples of the waveform evolution in transition across the border are shown.
Comparison of SPH and MLSM for Powder Particle Impact Modelling
Authors: Cherepanov Roman Olegovich , Gerasimov Alexander Vladimrovich
Published: July 2017

In this article, SPH and MLSM methods are compared in application to particle impact modelling. It is shown, that both methods has important disadvantages because nonzero acceleration appears in the case of constant stress field with nonsymmetrical distribution of nodes in space. Some reasons of incorrect acceleration calculation are discussed.