bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Murine model preclinical assessment of PEGylated block copolymer targeting cognition and oxidative stress insults of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chaudhury Sutapa Som , Nandi Mridula , Kumar Krishna , Ruidas Bhuban , Sur Tapas Kumar , Prasad Parash , Chakrabarti Saikat , De Priyadarsi , Sil Jaya , Mukhopadhyay Chitrangada Das
Published: February 2022

Misfolded peptide amyloid beta (Aβ42), neurofibrillary tangles of hyper-phosphorylated tau, oxidative damage to the brain, neuroinflammation are distinguished determinants of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) responsible for disease progression. This multifaceted neurodegenerative disease is challenging to cure under a single treatment regime until the key disease-determinants are traced for their sequential occurrence in disease progression. In an early report, a novel side-chain tripeptide containing PEGylated block copolymer has been tested thoroughly in vitro and in silico for the early inhibition of Aβ42-aggregation as well as degradation of preformed Aβ42-fibril deposits. The present study demonstrates a preclinical assessment of the PEGylated block copolymer in colchicine-induced AD mimicking murine model. The colchicine induced Wistar rats receiving an intranasal delivery of the block copolymer at a daily dosage of 100 µg/kg and 200 µg/kg body weights respectively for 14 days manifested a notable attenuation of behavioral deficit pattern, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitters’ deficiency as compared to the untreated ones. The current study also reports the ameliorative property of the PEGylated compound for progressive neuroinflammation and decreased mitochondrial bioenergetics in astrocytoma cell line viz. U87. A closer look into the drug mechanism of action of a compact three-dimensional PEGylated block copolymer confirmed its disintegrative interaction with Aβ42 fibril via an in silico simulation. The results obtained herein this study signify the potential of the novel PEGylated block copolymer to ameliorate the cognitive decline and progressive oxidative insults in AD, and may envision a successful clinical phase trial.
Budgetary Management and Control of Finance and Economic Cooperation Organization in Mettu Woreda of Ilu Ababor Zone: An Assessment
Authors: Singh S.N.
Published: January 2022

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the gaps in budget management and control in the Finance and Economic Cooperation Office in Mettu Woreda of Illu Ababora zone, Oromia. This investigation is focused on eight purposely selected sectors and Finance & Economic Cooperation Office. From the total population, (Kothari 2004) formula was used to determine sample of respondents. For the purpose of data collection the management team along with workers of Budget and Finance & Economic Cooperation Office of Mettu, the workers of poverty eradicates sectors and standing committee of finance in the woreda were selected. The SPSS was used to analyze the data using descriptive statistics. For this study, five independent variables were identified including proper plan & budget preparation, budget execution, analyzing & feedback budgetary record and competent internal audit staff. The dependent variable effective & efficient budget management & control which was measured under Binary logistic regression. According to the logistic regression output, proper plan & budget preparation, budget execution, competent internal audit staff & budget monitoring and evaluation were contributed for the budget management & control in the Finance & Economic Cooperation significantly and positively. The remaining variables: the analyzing & feedback budgetary record for the budget management & control is negatively related and insignificant. All these five independent variables are contributions for assessment of budget management & control in the Finance & Economic Cooperation Office in the Woreda. Then, the researcher recommended that the office need to be understand the contributions of these four variables collectively significant and their odd ratio were greater than one to infinity indicate the relationship type between those predictors and the outcomes and add values for the budget management & control in the offices.
Examining Budgeting and Fund Allocation in Higher Education
Authors: Tsyhaniuk Dmytro , Akenten Wiafe Nti
Published: January 2022

This study assesses the factors influencing the discontinuance of the norm-based and incremental budgeting approaches in higher education in Ghana. The National Council for Tertiary Education (NCTE – the coordinating body for tertiary education in Ghana) and the Ministry of Education of Ghana established norms in the early 1990s to assist higher education institutions in planning and ensuring efficiency of their operations and foster performance monitoring and evaluation. The norms also serve as standardized input factors for budgeting and allocating public funds for higher education. During the past years, budgetary allocation to higher education institutions for recurrent expenditure has fallen short of the norm-based costs. Indeed, the difference between the norm-based costs of university education and resources made available to the institutions by the Government was 28.9% in 2005/06 and 23.4% in 2009/10. It was also argued that the bases for funding tertiary education were not planned outputs of tertiary education. The fund allocation model was not programme-linked as initially thought. The consequence of the inability of the state to provide funds to meet the norm-based costs of higher education is the breakdown of norm-based budgeting, which was instituted in the early 1990s and a reversion to incremental and ad-hoc budgeting without due regard the volume of activities performed by the institutions. it is proposed that the Government of Ghana acting in concert with the National Council for Tertiary Education and tertiary institutions should regularly assess the developments in the tertiary education system and determine mission and purposes of tertiary education in Ghana as the basis for allocating public funds tertiary education institutions. The afore-made recommendations impose responsibilities on the Ministry of Education, the National Council for Tertiary Education and tertiary education institutions. This development has had grave consequences for higher education equity and efficiency in fund management.
Gender Stereotypes and Green Banking Toward Carbon-Free Economy
Authors: Pimonenko Tetyana , Lyulyov Oleksii , Us Yana , Dubyna Oleksii , Kumah Osei Owusu Evelyn
Published: January 2022

The concept of modern world ideology accepts that sustainable development goals couldn’t be achieved without green restructure and gender equality. That is the base of the new green economy focused on the social welfare of living and future generations due to increasing the eco-efficiency. This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on gender stereotypes in society and green banking. Systematization of scientific sources and approaches concerning the investigated issues showed that only several international financial funds and organizations established in response to climate change focus on the gender aspects towards empowering women with more opportunities to participate in green projects. The primary purpose of the research is to determine how finance and gender determinants influence the carbon-free economic transformation. To gain the research goal, this study applied the modified Cobb-Douglas function that utilizes cross-sectional data on green finance and gender determinants. The methodological tool of this research is the method of least squares. The research object is Ukraine and the Visegrad countries (Poland, Slovak Republic, Czech Republic, and Hungary). The empirical results showed that the women employed in services, GDP, the share of female population, and level of female unemployment have statistically significant impacts on carbon-free economic development. In contrast, foreign direct investment and women in national parliaments are insignificant. Therefore, the research empirically confirmed and theoretically proved that gender equality impacts carbon-free economic development. The main research limitation is the lack of open-access data to monitor the green financial activity under gender equality consideration.
Fiscal Policy and Forecasting Real GDP
Authors: Chowdhury Mozaffar A
Published: January 2022

The macroeconomic effect of changes in tax revenue and government spending influences gross domestic product in an economy. The economic growth depends on real business cycle where fiscal policy takes the central role which is managed by the government. When there is a shock in the economy, government changes policy to stabilize the economy to control interest rate otherwise there will be budget deficit which declines economic growth. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of tax revenue and government spending on the economic growth and forecasting of gross domestic product in the United State. I carefully assess the fiscal interaction on the economic growth using Box- Jenkins methodology from the period 1947q2-2020q4, I select the best autoregressive integrated moving average (1,0,1) model to solve the research problem. The data considered for this study is large enough and the fitted model indicates reliable forecasting for the next quarters.
The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a Multidimensional Performance Measurement System Tool: Case the Company of Algeria Post
Authors: Fadel Sabah , Rouaski Khaled , Challal Mehdi , Bouaicha Hocine
Published: January 2022

This paper aimed to clarify the role that the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a performance measurement tool in the company of Algeria Post. The BSC is a strategic performance management system, has been proven suitable for the public sector as the financial aspect is not their only concern. The BSC is « A multidimensional performance measurement system that should serve as decision support for managers. It includes indicators of progress and delay as well as internal and external indicators. It organizes the measures in a coherent system around four balanced perspectives: financial perspective, customer perspective, internal process, learning, and growth ». (Kaplan. S & Norton, 2004, P186). This study focused to improve the company of Algeria Post overall performance, the management control systems established should be re-evaluated and its tools should be improved to ensure reactivity in the decision-making and the measuring of the company performance. Our work consists of proposing a new approach to the performance management system for the model of the BSC as a performance measurement tool in the company of Algeria Post. The purpose of this article is to answer the main question of the study: should the company rely on the balanced scorecard as a performance measurement tool to achieve its strategic goals? First able, we counted on the stages of scientific research by gathering information about the company of Algeria Post, after that to conduct our study, we opted for a qualitative approach, using documentary research, interviews, and observation as tools for data collection. In the course of our designing of the proposed model of the BSC for the company. During our design of the proposed model of the balanced scorecard for the company we decided to follow a specific methodology to obtain the desired results taking into account the governmental nature of the organization of the company’s. We deemed it necessary to apply a public sector BSC model, using a top-down principle from (Kaplan and Norton, 2014) combined with the implementation procedures described in the theoretical side by (Alain Fernandez, 2013). It is noted that through the performance indicators of the customer perspective that the company realized some respectful objectives, but most of them are short lived ones, simultaneously, the internal processes perspective was the most performing by focusing on improving the quality of electronic services and the commercial network as a whole.
UKRAINIAN INTERWAR IMMIGRATION IN СSR AND UKRAINIAN IMMIGRANTS’ BAD HABITS (1921-1939)
Authors: Zubko O. Y.
Published: January 2022

Tobacco smoking, alcoholism, drug abuse, coffeemania didn’t bypass the Ukrainians of the second (political) immigration wave, who found themselves on the ground of the interwar Czechoslovakia (СSR). Cigarettes, beer, vodka, morphine and coffee were in the focus of the Ukrainian immigration community’s representatives’ attention due to the scientific discoveries during the interwar period. Rapid development of the Czech automotive and aircraft industries, permanent advertising in newspapers and magazines caused fashion for smoking. Unlike the Czech men, who smoked «Marlboro» and «Camel» (sold on the territory of the Czech Republic since 1904) and the Czech women who preferred «Winston», the Ukrainians smoked cheap local «Vlasta» (known since 1916) because of the lack of money. The excessive use of draft beer and vodka was equally harmful for the Prague residents of the Ukrainian origin. Tapped beer together with traditional snacks were usually served in so called ‘yards’. “Flekovka” (a sort of dark beer) and «Staropramen» (a sort of light beer) were available, and the Ukrainians chose «Staropramen». In general beer was consumed for pleasure (even though with the last bit of money). On the contrary, drinking vodka was caused mostly by the psychological state of the Ukrainians. As for such dangerous habit as drug abuse, fortunately, it was not typical for the immigrants of the Ukrainian origin during the interwar period. Doing opium, morphine and cocaine was the most common habit for the Russian immigration. At the beginning of the ХХ century opium, morphine and cocaine were freely sold in pharmacy chains. For example, laudanum was prescribed to treat insomnia and diarrhea; powder-like heroin was taken in the case of bronchitis, asthma, tuberculosis, depression; laudanum was also considered to be a sedative for children; white crystals of morphine were used as a painkiller. Those drugs were listed in the register “certified financial statements” only in 1927 in Europe and in 1929 in the Czech Republic. The inhabitants of СSR of the Ukrainian origin were more interested in “Nescafe” instant coffee which became popular in 1938. During that period of time instant coffee was an innovative and cheap drink. It was rather important for immigrants because natural coffee cost a lot. Moreover, coffee in shops was sold together with milk chocolate or condensed milk, which psychologically made the life sweeter.
The “Prosvita” centres of the Okhtyrka county in 1917-1922
Authors: Artiukh V. O.
Published: January 2022

The article traces the genesis and specific features of the “Prosvita” fellowship centres’ activity on the territory of the Okhtyrka county (Kharkiv province) during the period of the Ukrainian revolution (1917-1921) and the first years of Soviet authority. Such forms of the fellowship’s activity as establishing the primary education, holding theatrical performances, organizing educational libraries functioning are covered within the article. The national nature of the fellowship’s activity is emphasized. The fact, that the “Prosvita” centres of the Okhtyrka county started their activity right after establishing the Ukrainian Central Rada in Kyiv, is stated. During the UNR period “Prosvita” centres of the Okhtyrka county supported the revolutionary parliament of Ukraine and its policy. Actually, they played the role of the Central Rada’s centres in the region. As for the relationship between the “Prosvita” centres and Bolshevik authority, the following statement is highlighted. During the first half of 1919 the Bolsheviks impeded the development of the “Prosvita” centres and considered the latest to be counterrevolutionary organizations. After Denikin Volunteer Army had occupied the region the repressions against the members of the fellowship intensified. Since the middle of 1920 Bolshevik authorities had been implementing the policy of state controlling the “Prosvita” centres. Due to the county department of public education and Bolshevik political education activities 35 centres of this organization existed on the territory of the Okhtyrka county in 1921. Meanwhile Bolshevik authorities tried to struggle with and close those “Prosvita” centres, which featured the spirit of “Ukrainian chauvinism” and “petliurivshchina”. In 1922 the remains of “Prosvita” centres finally disappeared on the territory of the county, turning into reading houses or village buildings. In the article the author comes to a conclusion that during its short six-year history (1917-1922) the “Prosvita” centres of the Okhtyrka county provided the cultural ascension, which accompanied national-liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people. The “Prosvita” movement laid the main organizational foundation for involving the masses into active participating in those processes.
ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL NOMADIC STATES OF EURASIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HISTORICAL DYNAMICS STUDY OF THE GREAT STEPPE PEOPLES
Authors: Korol V. M.
Published: January 2022

Review of the monograph: Nomadic empires of Eurasia: features of historical dynamics / ed. by B. V. Bazarov, N. N. Kradin. Moscow: Nauka-Vostochnaya Literatura, 2019. 503 p. [Kochevye imperii Evrazii: osobennosti istoricheskoj dinamiki / otv. red. B. V. Bazarov, N. N. Kradin. Moskva: Nauka-Vostochnaja literatura, 2019. 503 s.].
THE IMPERIAL PERIOD OF THE HISTORY OF ANCIENT ROME IN THE INTERPRETATION OF Т. F. ZELINSKY
Authors: Nesterenko V. A.
Published: January 2022

Review of the monograph: Roman Empire. St. Petersburg: Aleteya, 2020. 490 p. (Series «New Ancient Library. Research») [Rimskaja imperija. - SPb: Aleteja, 2020. - 490 s. - (Serija «Novaja antichnaja biblioteka. Issledovanija»)].
Constraints on beta functions in field theories
Authors: Ma Han , Lee Sung-Sik
Published: February 2022

The \betaβ-functions
describe how couplings run under the renormalization group flow in field
theories. In general, all couplings that respect the symmetry and
locality are generated under the renormalization group flow, and the
exact renormalization group flow is characterized by the
\betaβ-functions
defined in the infinite dimensional space of couplings. In this paper,
we show that the renormalization group flow is highly constrained so
that the \betaβ-functions
defined in a measure zero subspace of couplings completely determine the
\betaβ-functions
in the entire space of couplings. We provide a quantum renormalization
group-based algorithm for reconstructing the full
\betaβ-functions
from the \betaβ-functions
defined in the subspace. As examples, we derive the full
\betaβ-functions
for the O(N)O(N)
vector model and the O_L(N) \times O_R(N)OL(N)×OR(N)
matrix model entirely from the \betaβ-functions
defined in the subspace of single-trace couplings.
Vibration characteristics of axial compressor blade under complex loads
Authors: Fu Xi , Liu Yun , Zhang Junhong , Yang Wenzhao
Published: January 2022

In this study, 3D models of a compressor blade for an aero engine with three different levels of surface accuracy (with 4, 6 and 10 section profiles) were obtained via reverse engineering by fitting point-cloud data. Then, finite element and flow-field models of the blade were established and validated. The vibration characteristics of the blade under typical operating conditions were analyzed by considering the interaction between the aerodynamic load by airflow and the centrifugal load by blade rotating. The results showed that, under complex centrifugal and aerodynamic loads, the three blade models differed significantly in their high-order dynamic frequencies, and the modal frequencies that were dominated by a torsional mode of vibration were sensitive to the aerodynamic load. Hence, considering both the aerodynamic excitation and the centrifugal load increased the accuracy of the numerical computation of the blade vibration characteristics. Moreover, a comparison of the computational results from the three blade models showed that models B6 and B10 differed only insignificantly, and B6 decreased the complexity of the modeling process while satisfying the required computational accuracy. Thus, model B6 is the best option for engineering analysis and computation.
Assessment of rainwater harvesting potential of Rachuonyo North Sub-Catchment in Kenya using the Australian water balance model
Authors: Odhiambo Kevin O. , Ong'or Basil T. Iro , Kanda Edwin K.
Published: January 2022

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is emerging as a promising alternative source of water in sub-Saharan Africa. It can be an alternative source of good-quality water to substitute other freshwater sources, to enable crop production beyond the growing season through supplemental irrigation as well as to improve the environment by minimizing the effect of drought and floods. The Rachuonyo North Sub-County of Kenya experiences low rainfall coupled with high population with limited access to reliable water sources. The study assessed the RWH potential of the Rachuonyo North Sub-Catchment with the aim of providing information on alternative water resources to meet the water demands for agriculture as well as domestic use in the region. The Australian water balance model (AWBM) was used to simulate the RWH potential of the Rachuonyo North Sub-Catchment using the area rainfall, evapotranspiration and river flow data. The calibration and validation of the model were performed with calibration and validation results yielding Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values of 0.503 and 1.00, respectively. Research findings indicated that the area has a potential for RWH with runoff harvest of between 104,496 and 43,646,142 m3/month, which can significantly support the residential and irrigation water demands for the area. Policymakers and development agencies in the region should pro-actively put in place measures to promote RWH interventions as a tool for increasing access to water. The methodology in the study is suitable for adaption for rainfall–runoff simulation in other sub-Saharan African regions where data are limiting.
Basic Red 18 and Remazol Brilliant Blue R biosorption using Russula brevipes, Agaricus augustus, Fomes fomentarius
Authors: Arslantaş Ceren , M'barek Islem , Saleh Mohammed , Isik Zelal , Ozdemir Sadin , Dundar Abdurrahman , Dizge Nadir
Published: January 2022

In this study, the adsorption abilities of Russula brevipes (RB), Agaricus augustus (AA), and Fomes fomentarius (FF) were evaluated in Basic Red 18 (BR18) and Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) biosorption from textile effluent. The adsorbents were characterized via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT/IR). Fomes fomentarius presented a low sorption capacity contrary to the two other fungi (RB and AA). RB and AA were selected as potential adsorbents for BR18 and RBBR, respectively. The maximum BR18 removal efficiencies for 10, 25, and 50 mg/L were obtained after 60 min to be 90, 88, and 86%, respectively. The RBBR adsorption efficiencies were 96.4, 96, and 90% for dye concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 mg/L. The adsorption of BR18 onto the RB biomass followed the Freundlich isotherm, while Langmuir is the best isotherm for RBBR sorption's elucidation onto AA fungus biomass. The removal of BR18 by BR biomass was found to follow the pseudo-second order. In contrast, the adsorption of RBBR onto the AA biomass followed Lagergren's pseudo-first order. For both adsorbents, the adsorption was exothermic, feasible, and spontaneous in nature. Finally, the dyes' biosorption process was perfectly achieved onto fungi biomass via physisorption.
Physical characterization and kinetic studies of Zn (II) biosorption by Morganella morganii ACZ05
Authors: Ramya D. , Thatheyus A. Joseph , Juliana S. Jemima Balaselvi , Kiruba N. Jennifer Michellin , Selvam A Deborah Gnana
Published: January 2022

Through this investigation, we establish the mechanism and physical characterization of zinc (II) sequestration by Morganella morganii ACZ05 strain, which was isolated and characterized from soil polluted by effluents from electroplating industries. As far as we know, there is very little literature concerning zinc biosorption using an environmental strain of M. morganii. The SEM analysis shows the dark porous gaps in the aggregated cell-matrix of test bacterial biomass which is inferred as water channels usually seen in biofilms, as compared to metal-unexposed control. M. morganii is not known to produce biofilms unless in the rare nosocomial conditions. Here, SEM analysis shows the production of biofilms after exposure to zinc (II) at 500 ppm, which has not been previously reported. EDX analysis of bacterial biomass also specified the sorption of zinc (II) by the bacterial cells and the presence of new peaks for zinc in contrast to control. Both XRD and FTIR analysis observations strongly implicate the potential of physical adsorption as a mechanism for heavy metal resistance. Analysis of the cell surface by Atomic force microscopy and examination of the topography revealed cell aggregation occurs during biofilm production after zinc biosorption. Unlike other reports, regular models such as Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm were found insufficient to explain the physisorption of zinc (II) metal ions on complex multicomponent adsorbents such as the exopolymeric surface of the bacterial cells. However, adsorption kinetics of zinc (II) to the bacterial biomass was most effectively elucidated by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting a certain kind of chemisorption that requires further study.
role of green human capital on company sustainability based on study at pertamina rewulu fuel terminal
Authors: Syahidun Syahidun , Nawangsari Lenny C
Published: January 2022

This study will dissect the influence of green human capital on Company Sustainability. The number of participants in this study was workers at PERTAMINA’s Rewulu, Fuel Terminal, with a complete sample of 125 representatives. The data testing strategy uses the Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square. The results of this study found that green human capital significantly affects the carrying capacity of the company, either directly by intervening in the administration of the green environment; besides that, green environmental governance also has a significant impact on the company’s sustainability. The company is committed to implementing the highest standards of occupational health and safety practices, respecting and involving the surrounding community to promote sustainable social and economic development.
Utilization of E-WoM strategy and WhatsApp group texting in building trust and shopper intention to conventional business sectors during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Sumarni Teti , Vandayani Prima
Published: January 2022

Indonesia is a country with the largest female population in Asia, 51% of whom are housewives. The consumer behavior of housewives in Indonesia is mostly like shopping at traditional markets, unfortunately, since the COVID-19 outbreak, they cannot shop as often as possible to the market for reasons. safety and temporary closure of markets to reduce crowd levels in traditional markets, as a result of which traders and consumers cannot interact and transact. There are social media activists in Bandung city who try to both traders and consumers of traditional markets by utilizing chat group Apps such as Whatsapp group for promoting and trading traditional market. Opinion leaders are used as positive spreaders of traditional market products, this business is free for traders, payments are made directly to merchants via bank transfers and use of delivery services by couriers who are victims of COVID-19 dismissal, sales traffic is quite high but no one has tested the impact increase in consumer behavior and product trust.
Analysis of co-creation experience and development of the ability of creativity and innovation in creating opportunities in the Indonesian handicraft industry
Authors: Nurgraha Rd. Much.Jusup , Siddiq Andhika Mochamad
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to look at analyzing the co-creation experience and development of creativity and innovation ability creating opportunities in the craft industry in Indonesia. This study is based on the phenomenon of the decline in the number of handicraft industries in Indonesia, factors that are thought to influence are lack of consumer involvement and increased creativity and innovation in the management of handicraft industries in Indonesia. Moreover, collected which were then analyzed using SPSS, SEM model (AMOS), and resulted in two independent variables influencing in creating new entrepreneurial opportunities, implying to create new business opportunities, must involve customer desires and increase the ability of creativity and innovation within the existing craft industry in West Java, Indonesia.
Joint Intelligence Committee and Reading the Russian Mindset
Authors: Goodman Michael
Published: February 2022

On November 23, 2021, Professor Michael Goodman of King's College London, presented on The Joint Intelligence Committee and Reading the Russian Mindset at the 2021 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed in this presentation included an overview of the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC), evaluation of their predictions and actions against Russian threats, and the conditions they put forward to demonstrate that a country would wage war.
Причины низкого значения работы выхода гексаборида лантана как эффективного электронного эмиттера
Authors: Тваури И.В. , Силаев И.В. , Заалишвили В.Б. , Ашхотов О.Г. , Созаев З.Т. , Магкоев Т.Т.
Published: January 2022

To establish the mechanism of high emission efficiency of lanthanum hexaboride as one of the most widely used electron emitters, a comparative study of the state of La and B atoms in the La–B double film, on one hand, and in the separate La and B films – on the other, was done via probing the state of such films via carbon monoxide adsorption. It is shown that the formation of the La–B dipole layer on the surface is the main reason for the high emission effectiveness of lanthanum hexaboride. As such, the subnanometer La–B film systems may be promising as electron emitter of a high degree of spatial locality.
Cr-=SUP=-2+-=/SUP=-:CdSe-лазер с мощностью непрерывной генерации более 20 W
Authors: Захаров Н.Г. , Зорин Р.А. , Лазаренко В.И. , Салтыков Е.В. , Лобанова А.А. , Маругин А.В. , Гарюткин В.А. , Мищенко Г.М. , Волков М.В. , Стариков Ф.А.
Published: January 2022

Strong thermal lensing limits cw power of Cr2+:CdSe laser about ~ 1 W level due to unfavorable active media properties: low thermal conductivity and high thermo optical coefficient. Shifting from conventional approach to moving active media scheme allowed us to achieve over 20 W of cw generation in Cr2+:CdSe crystal
Влияние наносекундного искрового разряда на косое соударение стального шара с металлической плитой
Authors: Дубинов А.Е. , Исхакова Дж.Н. , Любимцева В.А.
Published: January 2022

The effect of a nanosecond spark discharge on the oblique collision of a steel ball and a flat cast-iron plate was experimentally studied. It was discovered that the rebound angle of the ball becomes less than the impact angle at collision with the spark discharge, while the rebound angle is more than the impact angle at the ordinary collision without a discharge.
Статистический анализ формирования пузыря Тейлора в капиллярной трубке
Authors: Роньшин Ф.В. , Кочкин Д.Ю. , Дементьев Ю.А. , Элоян К.С. , Вожаков И.С.
Published: January 2022

An experimental study of the Taylor regime in a pipe with an inner diameter of 2 mm has been carried out. A method for studying the Taylor regime in a capillary pipe using automatic image analysis to measure the main characteristics of bubbles has been developed and applied for the first time. The dependences of the gas bubble and liquid slug lengths on the gas and liquid velocities are studied. It was found that in the region of the stable Taylor regime, the standard deviation of the bubble sizes is close to the accuracy of the research method. The dispersion of the bubble size distribution increases near the regime boundary. It is shown that based on the statistical analysis of a large amount of data, it can be concluded that there is a coalescence and fragmentation of bubbles.
Снижение порога пробоя воздуха подкритическим стримерным разрядом при размещении инициатора разряда вблизи металлического экрана
Authors: Булат П.В. , Волков К.Н. , Грачев Л.П. , Есаков И.И. , Лавров П.Б.
Published: January 2022

The influence of the screen size on the air breakdown by an induced subcritical streamer discharge is discussed based on the data of physical and computational experiments. A cylindrical metal vibrator mounted at a certain distance from the screen is used to initiate a streamer discharge. Data on the effect of the distance from the emitting aperture to the screen and its width on the breakdown pressure are given. The dependence of the field amplification factor at the poles of a linear vibrator on the size of the reflector screen is obtained.
Нанесение аморфного металлического покрытия на полые стеклянные микросферы
Authors: Паль А.Ф. , Рябинкин А.Н. , Серов А.О.
Published: January 2022

Amorphous metal Pt – Zr coatings of micron thick as well as crystalline ones were obtained on the surface of hollow thin-wall glass microspheres using direct current magnetron sputtering at the deposition rate of 0.1 nm/s. Being in the range of 1–2 nm, the roughness of the obtained amorphous coatings is essentially lower than that of crystalline coatings of the same composition.
Субволновые текстурированные поверхности для вывода излучения из волновода
Authors: Вознюк Г.В. , Григоренко И.Н. , Митрофанов М.И. , Николаев В.В. , Евтихиев В.П.
Published: January 2022

A technology for creating textured surfaces by focused-beam ion-beam etching on GaAs (100) substrates is demonstrated. The possibility of flexible control of the shape and profile of the formed submicron elements of textured media is shown. It will make possible to create textured surfaces of almost any complexity for the implementation of surface output of radiation from a waveguide. Original lithographic templates were developed and three-dimensional lithography was carried out. The control of the formed lithographic patterns was carried out by the methods of optical, electron and atomic force microscopy.
Trans Ecologies of Resistance in Digital (after)Lives: micha cárdenas’ Sin Sol/No Sun
Authors: Casalini Giulia
Published: February 2022

This essay analyzes micha cárdenas’s Sin Sol/No Sun, an augmented reality game that calls attention to gendered and racialized violence, environmental destruction, and colonial violence. It surveys the role that feminist, trans, and queer artists and theorists have occupied in the domain of digital technologies and how utopian post-identitarian approaches within cyberculture led to digital materialist perspectives, thus recentering their discourses on the relationship between the body and the hardware. From there, it explores how cárdenas’s “transreal aesthetics,” informed by trans embodiments and Black feminist practice, draws attention to multi-dimensional ecologies (virtual and physical) while raising pressing issues around marginalized identities and the environment. The essay concludes with an analysis of how cárdenas’s avatars guide players through processes of collective grief in order to unmake the space-time categories imposed by Western colonial capitalism and speculate (or “afro-fabulate”) the possibilities of new worlds.
Automated Virtual Reality Cognitive Therapy (gameChange) in Inpatient Psychiatric Wards: Qualitative Study of Staff and Patient Views Using an Implementation Framework
Authors: Brown Poppy , Waite Felicity , Lambe Sinead , Jones Julia , Jenner Lucy , Diamond Rowan , Freeman Daniel
Published: January 2022

Background

Automated virtual reality (VR) therapy could allow a greater number of patients to receive evidence-based psychological therapy. The aim of the gameChange VR therapy is to help patients overcome anxious avoidance of everyday social situations. gameChange has been evaluated with outpatients, but it may also help inpatients prepare for discharge from psychiatric hospital.

Objective

The aim of this study is to explore the views of patients and staff on the provision of VR therapy on psychiatric wards.

Methods

Focus groups or individual interviews were conducted with patients (n=19) and National Health Service staff (n=22) in acute psychiatric wards. Questions were derived from the nonadoption, abandonment, and challenges to the scale-up, spread, and sustainability framework. Expectations of VR therapy were discussed, and participants were then given the opportunity to try out the gameChange VR therapy before they were asked questions that focused on opinions about the therapy and feasibility of adoption.

Results

There was great enthusiasm for the use of gameChange VR therapy on psychiatric wards. It was considered that gameChange could help build confidence, reduce anxiety, and “bridge that gap” between the differences of being in hospital and being discharged to the community. However, it was reflected that the VR therapy may not suit everyone, especially if they are acutely unwell. VR on hospital wards for entertainment and relaxation was also viewed positively. Participants were particularly impressed by the immersive quality of gameChange and the virtual coach. It was considered that a range of staff groups could support VR therapy delivery. The staff thought that implementation would be facilitated by having a lead staff member, having ongoing training accessible, and involving the multidisciplinary team in decision-making for VR therapy use. The most significant barrier to implementation identified by patients and staff was a practical one: access to sufficient, private space to provide the therapy.

Conclusions

Patients and staff were keen for VR to be used on psychiatric wards. In general, patients and staff viewed automated VR therapy as possible to implement within current care provision, with few significant barriers other than constraints of space. Patients and staff thought of many further uses of VR on psychiatric wards. The value of VR therapy on psychiatric wards now requires systematic evaluation.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/20300
Physician Burnout and the Electronic Health Record Leading Up to and During the First Year of COVID-19: Systematic Review
Authors: Kruse Clemens Scott , Mileski Michael , Dray Gevin , Johnson Zakia , Shaw Cameron , Shirodkar Harsha
Published: January 2022

Background

Physician burnout was first documented in 1974, and the electronic health record (EHR) has been known to contribute to the symptoms of physician burnout. Authors pondered the extent of this effect, recognizing the increased use of telemedicine during the first year of COVID-19.

Objective

The aim of this review was to objectively analyze the literature over the last 5 years for empirical evidence of burnout incident to the EHR and to identify barriers to, facilitators to, and associated patient satisfaction with using the EHR to improve symptoms of burnout.

Methods

No human participants were involved in this review; however, 100% of participants in studies analyzed were adult physicians. We queried 4 research databases and 1 targeted journal for studies commensurate with the objective statement from January 1, 2016 through January 31, 2021 (n=25).

Results

The hours spent in documentation and workflow are responsible for the sense of loss of autonomy, lack of work-life balance, lack of control of one’s schedule, cognitive fatigue, a general loss of autonomy, and poor relationships with colleagues. Researchers have identified training, local customization of templates and workflow, and the use of scribes as strategies to alleviate the administrative burden of the EHR and decrease symptoms of burnout.

Conclusions

The solutions provided in the literature only addressed 2 of the 3 factors (workflow and documentation time) but not the third factor (usability). Practitioners and administrators should focus on the former 2 factors because they are within their sphere of control. EHR vendors should focus on empirical evidence to identify and improve the usability features with the greatest impact. Researchers should design experiments to explore solutions that address all 3 factors of the EHR that contribute to burnout.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020201820; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=201820

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/15490
Peer Support Specialists’ Perspectives of a Standard Online Research Ethics Training: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Fortuna Karen L , Marceau Skyla R , Kadakia Arya , Pratt Sarah I , Varney Joy , Walker Robert , Myers Amanda L , Thompson Shavon , Carter Katina , Greene Kaycie , Pringle Willie
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Certified peer support specialists (CPS) have a mental health condition and are trained and certified by their respective state to offer Medicaid reimbursable peer support services. CPS are increasingly involved as partners in research studies. However, most research ethics training in the protection of human subjects is designed for people who, unlike CPS, have had exposure to prior formal research training.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to explore the perspectives of CPS in completing the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative Social and Behavioral Responsible Conduct of Research online training.

METHODS

A total of 5 CPS were recruited using a convenience sample framework through the parent study, a patient-centered outcomes research study that examined the comparative effectiveness of two chronic health disease management programs for people with serious mental illness. Participants independently completed the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative Social and Behavioral Responsible Conduct of Research online training. All participants completed 15 online modules in approximately 7-9 hours and also filled out a self-report measure of executive functioning (the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory [ADEXI]). Qualitative data were collected from a 1-hour focus group and qualitative analysis was informed by the grounded theory approach. The codebook consisted of codes inductively derived from the data. Codes were independently assigned to text, grouped, and checked for themes. Thematic analysis was used to organize themes.

RESULTS

Passing scores for each module ranged from 81%-89%, with an average of 85.4% and a median of 86%. The two themes that emerged from the focus group were the following: comprehension (barrier) and opportunity (facilitator). Participants had a mean score of 27.4 on the ADEXI.

CONCLUSIONS

The CPS perceived the research ethics online training as an opportunity to share their lived experience expertise to enhance current research efforts by nonpeer scientists. Although the CPS completed the online research ethics training, the findings indicate CPS experienced difficulty with comprehension of the research ethics online training materials. Adaptations may be needed to facilitate uptake of research ethics online training by CPS and create a workforce of CPS to offer their lived experience expertise alongside peer and nonpeer researchers.
mHealth system (ATOPE+) to support exercise prescription in breast cancer survivors: A validity and reliability, cross-sectional observational study (ATOPE study) (Preprint)
Authors: Postigo-Martin Paula , Gil-Gutiérrez Rocío , Moreno-Gutiérrez Salvador , Lopez-Garzon Maria , González-Santos Ángela , Arroyo-Morales Manuel , Cantarero-Villanueva Irene
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Physical exercise is already known to be beneficial for women who have or had breast cancer. However, avoiding overreaching or insufficient recovery in this population is important, as they are in a situation of physiological vulnerability due to cancer and its treatments, a similar state to what appears during overtraining in athletes. These alterations could lead breast cancer survivors to decrease their exercise capacity or favour overreaching, which maintained over time, would alter their homeostasis, increasing their vulnerability to illness and death.

OBJECTIVE

The study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of ATOPE+ mHealth system, developed for Android/iOS mobile operating systems, to estimate autonomic balance and other wellness parameters that influence internal load, with the idea to facilitate nonlinear prescription, assessing readiness in breast cancer survivors.

METHODS

Twenty-two breast cancer survivors were included in the validity and reliability analysis. The participants measured during four days their morning autonomic balance, perception of recovery, sleep satisfaction, emotional distress and fatigue; with ATOPE+ mHealth system and with reliable comparison tools.

RESULTS

The validity results showed no significant differences, except for fatigue. The reliability results indicated an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed an excellent correlation for recovery (0.93; 95% CI 0.85-0.96) and distress (0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.97) and good for LnRMSSD (0.87; 95% CI 0.74-0.94) and fatigue (0.86, 95% CI 0.29-0.95). Sleep satisfaction also showed excellent correlation with a Weighted kappa=0.83.

CONCLUSIONS

ATOPE+ is valid and reliable to remotely assess autonomic balance, perception of recovery, sleep satisfaction and emotional distress in breast cancer survivors; however, it is not for fatigue. This highlights that ATOPE+ could potentially be an easy and fast system used to measure tailored readiness in breast cancer survivors. ATOPE+ will offer a tool to improve health in this population, by helping rehabilitation professionals to prescribe optimal and safe physical exercise. Moreover, ATOPE+ may provide reliable data-driven analysis with machine learning algorithms, as originally described in its architecture.

CLINICALTRIAL

NCT03787966 ClinicalTrials.gov, December 2019 [ATOPE project]
Tax the Eggs, not the Hen
Authors: Kallir Ido , Agmon Tamir
Published: January 2022

The VC industry provides an excellent example for an industry that is based on the ability to bring together ideas and high-risk capital in a process that generates value. Of particular interest is the case where the entrepreneurs reside in one country and the investors reside in another country. There are two types of benefits. The first type of benefits depends on the success of the young innovative technology firms. The second type of benefits depends on the total flow of high-risk capital from the country of the investors to the country where the investment takes place. While the benefits to the entrepreneurs and the shareholders are vastly discussed, the benefit to the hosting country is less explored. Successful entrepreneurs earn a lot of money in case of success. The high gains attract public pressure for higher and more effective capital gains tax. In this work we show that this to be a worthless and even harming. We show that the benefits are both direct in the form of taxes and indirect as higher wages. We use hand-picked database to estimate the total benefit to a small country that was successful in attracting international VC funding. Our main result is that the Income tax collected from VC backed employees is 10.7 higher than the Capital tax gained from exits. The call for the taxation of capital gains of the wealthy individuals could materially hurt the revenue of the hosting country