bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring social enterprise legitimacy within ecosystems from an institutional approach: A systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Spanuth Alina , Urbano David
Published: August 2023

The legitimation of social enterprises is contingent upon the institutional context and targeted stakeholders; however, this claim has not been explored systematically, considering existing legitimacy strategies. Understanding the reasons behind the pursuit of legitimacy and the strategies that can be employed in specific contexts is paramount for social enterprises to obtain legitimacy and enhance positive social impact. This paper undertakes a systematic literature review at the intersection of social enterprise legitimacy, institutional theory and entrepreneurial ecosystems. Drawing on articles in journals included in the Web of Science database, the review enhances understanding of social enterprise legitimacy research through institutional contextualization by answering the question: ‘Why and how do social enterprises aim to obtain legitimacy in different contexts and towards which ecosystem actors?’ Six main reasons why social enterprises pursue legitimacy are identified, namely: to acquire tangible (financial and material) and intangible (community support and trust) resources; to compete with commercial businesses and non‐governmental organizations; to comply with stakeholder demands; to overcome institutional challenges; to create social impact; and to bring about institutional change. Alongside these reasons for legitimacy pursuit, legitimacy strategies and the addressed actors and institutions are identified and synthesized into three categories: institutional context dependency; closeness to the audience; and multidimensionality and process perspective, identifying promising avenues for further research that are more context‐sensitive. The review provides guidance for social enterprises seeking to identify and adapt legitimacy strategies, enabling them to address the pressing issues of legitimacy deficits that continue to hamper the generation of social impact.
Tailoring layered Csf/SiBCN composites with pseudoplastic fracture behavior: Strengthening and toughening mechanisms
Authors: Dou Wenhao , Li Daxin , Wang Bingzhu , Cai Delong , Yang Zhihua , Jia Dechang , Riedel Ralf , Qin Shaohua , Zhou Yu
Published: August 2023

The layering process using phenolic resin coupled with pressureless sintering technique was explored to prepare short carbon fiber‐reinforced SiBCN composites (Csf/SiBCN). The effect of phenolic resin content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Csf/SiBCN was mainly studied. Results suggest that the addition of phenolic resin can appropriately improve density and flexural strength and reduce total pore volume of the composites because phenolic resin can partly consolidate SiBCN powders to promote shaping via low‐temperature pressureless sintering. As the phenolic resin content increases, the fracture behavior changes from delamination fracture to monolithic fracture, thereby reducing fracture displacement. The reason for this performance is that the interlayer bonding is enhanced to hinder crack propagation along the layers.
Forests on the move: Tracking climate‐related treeline changes in mountains of the northeastern United States
Authors: Tourville Jordon , Publicover David , Dovciak Martin
Published: August 2023

Aim

Alpine treeline ecotones are influenced by environmental drivers and are anticipated to shift their locations in response to changing climate. Our goal was to determine the extent of recent climate‐induced treeline advance in the northeastern United States, and we hypothesized that treelines have advanced upslope in complex ways depending on treeline structure and environmental conditions.

Location

White Mountain National Forest (New Hampshire) and Baxter State Park (Maine), USA.

Taxon

High‐elevation tree species—Abies balsamea, Picea mariana and Betula cordata.

Methods

We compared current and historical high‐resolution aerial imagery to quantify the advance of treelines over the last four decades, and link treeline changes to treeline form (demography) and environmental drivers. Spatial analyses of the aerial images were coupled with ground surveys of forest vegetation and topographical features to ground‐truth treeline classification and provide information on treeline demography and additional potential drivers of treeline locations. We used multiple linear regression models to examine the importance of both topographic and climatic variables on treeline advance.

Results

Regional treelines have significantly shifted upslope over the past several decades (on average by 3 m/decade). Gradual diffuse treelines (characterized by declining tree density) showed significantly greater upslope shifts (5 m/decade) compared to other treeline forms, suggesting that both climate warming and treeline demography are important correlates of treeline shifts. Topographical features (slope, aspect) as well as climate (accumulated growing degree days, AGDD) explained significant variation in the magnitude of treeline advance (R2 = 0.32).

Main Conclusions

The observed advance of treelines is consistent with the hypothesis that climate warming induces upslope treeline shifts. Overall, our findings suggest that gradual diffuse treelines at high elevations may be indicative of climate warming more than other alpine treeline ecotones and thus they can inform us about past and ongoing climatic changes.
Alleviation of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis by targeting RIPK1‐mediated inflammatory signalling
Authors: Cao Xin , Peng Sisi , Yan Ying , Li Jun , Zhou Jianping , Dai Hongwei , Xu Jie
Published: August 2023

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA), prevalent in adolescents and the elderly, has serious physical and psychological consequences. TMJOA is a degenerative disease of the cartilage and bone, mostly driven by inflammation, and synoviocytes are the first and most important inflammatory factor releasers. Receptor‐interacting serine/threonine‐protein kinase (RIPK1) promotes inflammatory response and cell death during an array of illnesses. This research aimed to explore the impacts of RIPK1 inhibitor therapy in TMJOA and the mechanism of RIPK1 in inducing inflammation during TMJOA. Herein, inhibition of RIPK1 suppressed the elevated levels of inflammatory factors, nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), along with markers of apoptosis and necroptosis after tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α/cycloheximide (CHX) treatment in synoviocytes. Moreover, inflammation models were constructed in vivo through complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induction and disc perforation, and the findings supported that RIPK1 inhibition protected TMJ articular cartilage against progressive degradation. RIPK1 regulates NF‐κB activation via cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (cIAP), apoptosis via caspase‐8, and necroptosis via RIPK3/mixed lineage kinase domain‐like (MLKL) in synoviocytes, which in turn facilitates TMJOA inflammation progression.
Integrated network pharmacology to investigate the mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in the treatment of myocardial infarction
Authors: Huang Xueying , Zhang Muxin , Song Yu , Sun Bowen , Lin Lin , Song Xiaoli , Li Chao
Published: August 2023

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is a natural drug for treating myocardial infarction (MI). However, the targets and mechanisms of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge in the treatment of MI are yet to be elucidated. Traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) data were used to screen out chemical constituents, and UniProt was used to predict relevant targets. Disease targets were obtained from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and GeneCards databases. We used the STRING platform to build a protein–protein interaction network and used Cytoscape_v3.8.1 software to make a Drug–Ingredients–Gene Symbols–Disease network map. The Metascape database was used to perform gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses for drug–disease overlapping gene symbols. The targets identified by network pharmacology were further verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Seventy‐five active components of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge were obtained from the TCMSP database, while 370 disease targets and 29 cross‐targets were obtained from the Genecards database. The KEGG pathway enrichment results suggested that the mechanism of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge in the treatment of MI was significantly related to the VEGF signalling pathway. In vitro and in vivo experiments were used to evaluate the reliability of some important active ingredients and targets. S. miltiorrhiza Bunge alleviated the damage to cardiac function, attenuated myocardial fibrosis and protected endothelial cell function by increasing the expression of TGF‐β and VEGFA. S. miltiorrhiza Bunge showed the therapeutic effect of MI by promoting the expression of VEGFA signalling pathway, providing a reliable basis for exploring herbal treatment of MI.
Influence of matrix pH on batch thermal pasteurization of sweet lime juice: Global kinetic models for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and polyphenol oxidase inactivation and degradation of vitamin C
Authors: Chakraborty Snehasis , Shaik Lubna
Published: August 2023

A set of experiments were conducted to screen the most thermo‐resistant microorganism and spoilage enzyme in sweet lime juice. Furthermore, the impact of matrix pH on the batch thermal treatment (75–95°C/0–10 min) intensities on Saccharomyces cerevisiae survival, PPO inactivation, and vitamin C retention in the sweet lime juice was evaluated. The influence of cumulative come‐up time (tCUT) and cooling time (tCOOL) was separated from the isothermal holding period (tHOLD). All three responses fitted best to the first‐order kinetics. The rate constants (k) ranged between 0.0053 and 0.471 s−1 (for S. cerevisiae), 0.00114 and 0.00731 s−1 (for PPO), and 0.000017 and 0.000142 s−1 (for vitamin C). The microbial and enzyme inactivation rate increased at a low pH level for a certain temperature, whereas, for vitamin C, an opposite trend was prominent through marginal. A new global kinetic model for k as a function of matrix pH and the temperature was developed in which the sensitivity of k to pH change was introduced as SpH. The optimized thermally pasteurized juice (95°C/298 s of holding time) at pH 3.5 showed >5 log cycle reduction in S. cerevisiae count (t5D, s) and 99% inactivation in PPO activity (t99, s) while retaining 57% vitamin C and 39% loss in total phenolics. The optimally treated pasteurized sample at pH 3.5 was examined for phenolic profiling, microbial cell morphology, and enzyme conformational change. The thermally pasteurized sample had a sensory acceptance of 6.9 out of 9 scales.

Practical applications

The present study developed a systematic study for designing a thermal pasteurization condition for sweet lime juice. First, the most thermo‐resistant microorganism and spoilage enzymes in sweet lime juice were screened out based on the sensitivity index. Further, a global kinetic model was developed for the most resistant microorganisms, resistant enzymes, and vitamin C. This model can describe the impact of matrix pH and temperature on the treatment time to achieve microbial safety and enzymatic stability. Pasteurization time was estimated for each combination of pH and temperature. Assessing the impact of pH levels in the matrix on the effectiveness of thermal pasteurization would assist the industry in determining optimal harvesting conditions for fruit with the desired pH.
Justifying by degrees: A grounded theory of men's decision‐making process in infidelity
Authors: Perez Carlos , Fife Stephen T. , Eggleston Dane , Whiting Jason B.
Published: August 2023

Infidelity is a common reason couples seek therapeutic help as betrayed partners are often hurt and dismayed by their partners' decision to engage in an extradyadic relationship. Despite its common occurrence, there are very few empirical studies of the decision‐making process behind infidelity. To address this gap, the current study used grounded theory, a qualitative approach commonly used to develop theories from participants' experiences, to explore men's processes in deciding to engage in infidelity. Analysis of interviews with participants (n = 13) resulted in a grounded theory of decision‐making by cisgender men who participated in infidelity while in a committed, heterosexual relationship. The results suggest that the decision involves a continuous process of justification and rationalization. Major categories of the theory include the preaffair context, snowballing, motivated reasoning, and postaffair decisions. Clinical implications are also included.
Talking and making meaning about parental mental health problems: The role of children's family caregivers
Authors: Gammage Rebecca J. , Nolte Lizette
Published: August 2023

When a parent is less able to meet their children's needs due to a severe and enduring mental health problem (MHP), other adult family members often help with childcare. We present a Grounded Theory of how children's family caregivers construct meaning about the parental MHP and communicate about it with children. Nineteen caregivers participated in qualitative interviews. Each supported at least one related child aged 4–17 years with a parent with MHPs. We found that caregivers engaged in a Core Social Process of providing protection in uncertainty. This comprised three categories as follows: shaping the interactional space, communicating through the developmental process, and engendering a sense of safety. Caregivers appeared to act from a Key Social Positioning of developing a caregiver identity. The findings implicate family‐focused provision of mental health and social care. Clinical recommendations are made for whole‐family interventions and the role of marital and family therapists.
Comparison of the risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm and Copenhagen Index for the preoperative assessment of Japanese women with ovarian tumors
Authors: Iizuka Makoto , Hamada Yoshinobu , Matsushima Jun , Ichikawa Teppei , Irie Taichi , Yamaguchi Noriko , Sakamoto Shuichi , Ban Shinichi , Takakura Satoshi
Published: August 2023

Objective

To compare the risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) and Copenhagen Index (CPH‐I) in their ability to distinguish epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and malignant ovarian tumors (MLOT) from benign ovarian tumors (BeOT) in Japanese women.

Methods

Patients with pathologically diagnosed ovarian tumors were included in this study. The study validated the diagnostic performance of ROMA and CPH‐I.

Results

Among the 463 Japanese women included in this study, 312 had BeOT, 99 had EOC, and 52 had other MLOT. The receiver‐operator characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUCs) of ROMA (0.89) and CPH‐I (0.89) for distinguishing EOC from BeOT were significantly higher than that of CA125 (0.82) (CA 125 vs. ROMA; p = 0.002, vs. CPH‐I; p < 0.001). The ROC‐AUCs of ROMA (0.82) and CPH‐I (0.81) for distinguishing MLOT from BeOT were significantly higher than that of CA125 (0.75) (CA 125 vs. ROMA: p = 0.003, vs. CPH‐I: p < 0.001). The sensitivity (SN)/specificity (SP) of ROMA and CPH‐I for distinguishing EOC from BeOT at standard cut‐off points were 69%/90%, and 69%/90%, respectively, those for distinguishing MLOT from BeOT were 54%/90%, and 55%/90%, respectively.

Conclusion

ROMA and CPH‐I performed comparably well and better than CA125 in distinguishing EOC from BeOT in Japanese women. ROMA and CHP‐I should be used with caution in practical situations, where all histological possibilities for must be considered, because the SNs of ROMA and CPH‐I were only 54% and 55%.
The innovation paradox of global work: Does cultural tightness shape or constrain innovative behaviour?
Authors: Farmer Steven M. , Lorenz Melanie P. , Ramsey Jase R.
Published: August 2023

Drawing on role identity, dynamic constructivism and the norm‐based model of cultural tightness, we examine the innovation paradox of whether and how congruence of home and host culture in tandem with creative role identity not only enhances but also constrains different facets of innovative behaviour for global workers. Results reveal that the effects of loose home employees' cultural tightness congruence on idea generation and idea realization behaviours depend on creative role identity (Study 1), that idea generation may be more salient in loose cultures (Study 2) and that when exposed to an incongruent tight culture, individuals temporarily switch their innovative identity content to fit the alternative cultural frame (Study 3). Our results paint a complex and dynamic picture of cultural exposure and role identity on innovative behaviour. Our results also suggest that cultural considerations and organizational interventions that shape the content of creative role identity may enhance innovative behaviours for global workers.
Identification of Clonostachys rogersoniana as a causal agent of sisal leaf blight disease in South China
Authors: Li Erli , Wang Guihua , Wu Weihuai , Xi Jingen , Chen Helong , Huang Xing , Tan Shibei , Liang Yanqiong , Yi Kexian
Published: August 2023

A novel strain of leaf blight disease affecting sisal leaves was discovered at the Hongshan farm of Yulin City, Guangxi Province, in 2022. Ten fungal isolates were identified in the infected sisal leaves and classified into six categories (22GX3‐1 to 6). Pathogenicity testing revealed that only 22GX3‐2 and two morphologically similar isolates induced symptoms similar to those detected in the field. Based on morphological analysis and nucleotide sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the rRNA gene, translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1) and tubulin beta chain 2 (TUB2) genes, the fungal isolate 22GX3‐2 was identified as Clonostachys rogersoniana. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting sisal leaf blight caused by Clonostachys rogersoniana.
“Visual Type? Not My Type”: A Systematic Study on the Learning Styles Neuromyth Employing Frequentist and Bayesian Statistics
Authors: Touloumakos Anna K. , Vlachou Evangelia , Papadatou‐Pastou Marietta
Published: August 2023

The term learning styles (LS) describes the notion that individuals have a preferred modality of learning (i.e., vision, audition, or kinesthesis) and that matching instruction to this modality results in optimal learning. During the last decades, LS has received extensive criticism, yet they remain a virtual truism within education. One of the major strands of criticism is the fact that only a handful of studies have systematically put the LS assumptions to the test. In this study, we aimed to explore whether learners who are visual types will be better at learning sign‐words (i.e., ecologically valid stimuli) compared to auditory and kinesthetic types. Ninety‐nine volunteers (67 females, mean age = 28.66 years) naive to Greek Sign Language (GSL) were instructed to learn 20 GSL sign‐words. The volunteers further completed two LS questionnaires (i.e., the Barsch Learning Styles Inventory and the Learning Channels Inventory) and they also reported what their LS they believed was. No evidence of a difference in learning sign‐words among individuals with different LS (as identified by either of the LS questionnaires or by direct self‐report) was found, neither using a frequentist nor using a Bayesian approach to data analysis. Moreover, inconsistencies between the way participants were classified based on the different measures and direct self‐report were detected. These findings add further support to the criticism of the LS theory and its use in educational settings. We suggest that research and practice resources should be allocated to evidence‐based approaches.
Musculoskeletal impairments after critical illness: A protocol for a qualitative study of the experiences of patients, family and health care professionals
Authors: King Elizabeth , Gustafson Owen , Williams Annabel , Vollam Sarah , Williams Mark A.
Published: August 2023

Background

Survivors of critical care are at risk of long‐term disability from musculoskeletal (MSK) impairments. These can have a biopsychosocial impact on the patient and their families with a reduction in health‐related quality of life, increased health care utilization, caregiving roles and associated psychological distress.

Aims

To understand the experiences of patients living with MSK impairments following critical illness, and family and health care professionals supporting them, to inform the development of a future intervention to improve MSK health following critical illness.

Study Design

A four‐site qualitative case study approach will be taken, with each of the four hospital sites and associated community services representing a case site. We will conduct semi‐structured interviews with 10–15 patients/family members and 10–15 health care professionals about their experiences of MSK impairment following critical illness. Interviews will be audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis within a descriptive phenomenological approach. Alongside interview data, analysis of publicly available policy documentation, patient‐facing materials and information from service leads at the four sites will be conducted. Discourse analysis will be used for this case study documentation.

Results

This protocol describes a qualitative study exploring the experiences of patients living with MSK impairments following critical illness, and the family and health care professionals supporting them.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Data analysis will illuminate their experiences and enable data richness to contribute to the qualitative body of evidence of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. These findings will inform the development of a complex intervention for MSK rehabilitation after critical illness.
Numbers without aggregation
Authors: Henning Tim
Published: August 2023

Suppose we can save either a larger group of persons or a distinct, smaller group from some harm. Many people think that, all else equal, we ought to save the greater number. This article defends this view (with qualifications). But unlike earlier theories, it does not rely on the idea that several people's interests or claims receive greater aggregate weight. The argument starts from the idea that due to their stakes, the affected people have claims to have a say in the rescue decision. As rescuers, our primary duty is to respect these procedural claims, which we must do by doing what these people would decide, in a process where each is given an equal vote on the matter. So in cases where each votes in their own self‐interest, respect for their equal right to decide, or their autonomy, will lead us to save the greater number. The argument is explained in detail, with special attention to the questions of how, exactly, it avoids aggregation, and of why majority rule is superior to lottery procedures. The view has further advantages. Especially, it explains the “partial” relevance of numbers in cases involving unequal harms, and it does so in a way that dissolves the appearance of paradox that besets theories of “partial aggregation.”
A novel approach to egg and math: Improved geometrical standardization of any avian egg profile
Authors: Narushin Valeriy G. , Orszulik Stefan T. , Romanov Michael N. , Griffin Darren K.
Published: August 2023

Developing a geometric formulation of any biological object has a number of justifications and applications. Recently, we developed a universal geometric figure for describing a bird's egg in any of the possible basic shapes: spherical, ellipsoidal, ovoid, and pyriform. The formulation proved widely applicable but had a number of drawbacks, including a very obvious join between two parts of the egg. To correct this, we developed the Main Axiom of the universal mathematical formula. This essentially involved making the ordinate of the extremum of the function correspond to half the maximum egg breadth (B), and the abscissa to the reciprocal of the parameter w that reflects the shift of the vertical axis to its coincidence with B. This, in turn, helped us develop a new, simplified mathematical model without a nonbiological join. Experimental verification was performed to confirm the adequacy of the new geometric figure. It accurately described actual avian eggs of various shapes more closely than our previous model. To the best of our knowledge, our new, simplified equation can be applied as a standard for any bird egg that exists in nature. As a rather simple equation, it can be used in a broad range of applications.
Cranio‐cervical abnormalities in moderate‐to‐severe osteogenesis imperfecta – Genotypic and phenotypic determinants
Authors: Marulanda Juliana , Retrouvey Jean‐Marc , Lee Brendan , Sutton V. Reid ,   Members of the BBDC, Rauch Frank , Briner Michelle
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Cranio‐cervical anomalies are significant complications of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a rare bone fragility disorder that is usually caused by mutations in collagen type I encoding genes.

Objective

To assess cranio‐cervical anomalies and associated clinical findings in patients with moderate‐to‐severe OI using 3D cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.

Methods

Cross‐sectional analysis of CBCT scans in 52 individuals with OI (age 10–37 years; 32 females) and 40 healthy controls (age 10–32 years; 26 females). Individuals with a diagnosis of OI type III (severe, n = 11), type IV (moderate, n = 33) and non‐collagen OI (n = 8) were recruited through the Brittle Bone Disorders Consortium. Controls were recruited through the orthodontic clinic of the University of Missouri‐Kansas City (UMKC).

Results

OI and control groups were similar in mean age (OI: 18.4 [SD: 7.2] years, controls: 18.1 [SD: 6.3] years). The cranial base angle was increased in the OI group (OI: mean 148.6° [SD: 19.3], controls: mean 130.4° [SD: 5.7], P = .001), indicating a flatter cranial base. Protrusion of the odontoid process into the foramen magnum (n = 7, 14%) and abnormally located odontoid process (n = 19, 37%) were observed in the OI group but not in controls. Low stature, expressed as height z‐score (P = .01), presence of DI (P = .04) and being male (P = .04) were strong predictors of platybasia, whereas height z‐score (P = .049) alone was found as positive predictor for basilar impression as per the Chamberlain measurement.

Conclusion

The severity of the phenotype in OI, as expressed by the height z‐score, correlates with the severity of cranial base anomalies such as platybasia and basilar impression in moderate‐to‐severe OI. Screening for cranial base anomalies is advisable in individuals with moderate‐to‐severe OI, with special regards to the individuals with a shorter stature and DI.
Retinal shadows produced by myopia control spectacles
Authors: de Tomas Martín , Szeps Abel , Martín Gabriel , Suárez Juan Manuel , Atchison David A. , Rozema Jos J. , Iribarren Rafael
Published: August 2023

Purpose

To analyse ocular coherence tomography (OCT) images of the retinal shadows caused by defocus and diffusion optics spectacles.

Methods

One eye was fitted successively with the Hoya Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lens, two variations of the +3.50 D peripheral add spectacle (DEFOCUS) and the low‐contrast dot lens (Diffusion Optics Multiple Segments, DOMS); each at a vertex distance of 12 mm. Simultaneously, a retinal image of the macular region with central fixation was obtained using infrared OCT. The corneal power and intraocular distances were determined using an optical biometer.

Results

The retinal images for the DIMS and DOMS lenses showed patterns of obvious retinal shadows in the periphery, while the central 10–11° remained clear. The DEFOCUS lens produced a darkened peripheral area. Dividing the size of the retinal pattern, measured with the calliper of the OCT software, by the actual size on the spectacle lens gave a magnification of −0.57 times. This is consistent with the incoming OCT beam being imaged to a position approximately 31 mm beyond the front of the eye. [Correction added on 26 October 2023 after first online publication: The preceding paragraph was corrected.]

Conclusion

With device‐specific correction, retinal OCT images can help visualise the regions affected by the defocus or lowered contrast induced by myopia control spectacles. This is of potential value for improving myopia therapies.
Lateral Center‐edge Angle of 18° (Bone‐Edge): Threshold for Hip Arthroscopy Treatment in Patients with Borderline Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip?
Authors: Zhang Jia , Li Chunbao , Zhang Jianping , Zhao Gang , Liu Yujie
Published: August 2023

Objective

Hip arthroscopy for the treatment of symptomatic borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip (BDDH) has been controversial. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze minimum 2‐year outcomes of BDDH after arthroscopic surgery and explore the criteria and thresholds of the lateral center‐edge angle (LCEA) in arthroscopic surgery for BDDH.

Methods

Data were retrospectively collected from patients aged 18–50 who underwent arthroscopic surgery for BDDH and had an LCEA 18–25° between September 2016 and June 2020. The consistency of interobserver and intraobserver measurements of bone‐edge LCEA was analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups based on LCEA (18–20°and 20–25°) and the results of arthroscopy compared between groups. Patient‐reported outcome (PRO) scores, consisting of the modified Harris hip score (mHHS), the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the international hip outcome tool‐12 (IHOT‐12), the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptom status (PASS) were calculated.

Results

In 52 patients with ≥2‐year follow‐up, female patients accounted for 71.2% and the mean age was 30.8 ± 8.4 years (range: 18 to 49 years). There was a high level of agreement when measuring the bone‐edge LCEA definition of BDDH (Kappa = 0.921). Interobserver repeatability (ICC = 0.909, 95%CI: 0.847–0.947) and intraobserver repeatability (ICC = 0.944, 95%CI: 0.905–0.968) were excellent for bone‐edge LCEA measurements. In addition to LCEA and Tönnis angle, there were no significant differences in α angle, neck stem angle, femoral anteversion angle, medial joint space, Tönnis grade of osteoarthritis, acetabular retroversion (8 sign), Cam deformity and anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) morphology between the two groups (p > 0.05). Intraoperative findings and procedures showed no statistical difference between groups (p > 0.05). The mean follow‐up time was 44.4 ± 11.0 months (range: 25 to 64 months). Postoperative VAS, mHHS and IHOT‐12 scores in the LCEA 18–20° group and the LCEA 20–25° group were significantly improved compared with those before surgery, and there was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of MCID and PASS (mHHS and iHOT‐12) between the groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Patients in the LCEA 18–20° group and the LCEA 20–25° group achieved favorable outcomes after arthroscopic surgery. LCEA 18° (bone‐edge) should be the threshold for hip arthroscopic surgery in BDDH patients without obvious hip instability.
Targeted large fragment deletion in plants using paired crRNAs with type I CRISPR system
Authors: Li Yingnan , Huang Boyu , Chen Jian , Huang Liangliang , Xu Jianghai , Wang Yingying , Cui Guanghui , Zhao Haiming , Xin Beibei , Song Weibin , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Lai Jinsheng
Published: August 2023

The CRISPR‐Cas systems have been widely used as genome editing tools, with type II and V systems typically introducing small indels, and type I system mediating long‐range deletions. However, the precision of type I systems for large fragment deletion is still remained to be optimized. Here, we developed a compact Cascade‐Cas3 Dvu I‐C system with Cas11c for plant genome editing. The Dvu I‐C system was efficient to introduce controllable large fragment deletion up to at least 20 kb using paired crRNAs. The paired‐crRNAs design also improved the controllability of deletions for the type I‐E system. Dvu I‐C system was sensitive to spacer length and mismatch, which was benefit for target specificity. In addition, we showed that the Dvu I‐C system was efficient for generating stable transgenic lines in maize and rice with the editing efficiency up to 86.67%. Overall, Dvu I‐C system we developed here is powerful for achieving controllable large fragment deletions.
Breeding dryland legumes for diverse needs: Using multi‐location trials and participatory variety selection to develop farmer‐preferred groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) varieties
Authors: Okori Patrick , Mwololo James , Munthali Wills , Madzonga Oswin , Charlie Harvey , Elirehema Swai , Rao Nadigatla Ganga , Bright Jumbo , Siambi Moses , Bekunda Mateete
Published: August 2023

Agriculture in Sub‐Saharan Africa is primarily smallholder‐based, employing up to 60% of the workforce and accounting for 14%–23% of GDP. The smallholders grow crops for domestic and off‐farm markets, necessitating crop variety attributes for which trait mismatches may limit adoption. Indeed, improved variety adoption is varied and limited, especially for self‐pollinated crops, in part due to the mismatch in characteristics of commercialised varieties. The international research community leads breeding of varieties for under‐invested crops, especially legumes. These varieties are often resilient and productive, but the dynamisms in target agri‐food systems may limit their relevance. Gaining a better understanding of the trait profiles that crop value chain actors consider will increase their adoption. This study combined multi‐location trials and participatory variety selection (PVS) of pigeon pea and groundnut across different environments to evaluate the efficacy of both processes in the breeding of desired varieties. The present study shows improvement in the new materials regarding performance and preference by farmers. Additionally, PVS showed that men prioritised productivity and market‐enhancing traits, whereas women ranked food security traits highest.
Understanding human nature through taste: Dasan Jeong Yak‐yong's account of human‐nature‐as‐taste
Authors: Choi Dobin
Published: August 2023

This essay investigates Dasan Jeong Yak‐yong's (1762–1836) account of human‐nature‐as‐taste, by comparing his commentaries on significant chapters in the Mengzi to Zhu Xi's commentaries. Dasan argues that human nature is understood through giho, taste sentiments and desires, and not as Principle (li). I first introduce Dasan's account of human‐nature‐as‐taste in his commentaries to 3A1 and 7A4. Next, I argue that giho is most appropriately translated as “taste,” because this term captures the dispositional characteristics of giho as a mental faculty as well as its mental effects, such as desires, sentiments, and preferences. I then examine Dasan's and Zhu Xi's commentaries on 6A7 and 6A6, to illustrate how Dasan's view of human‐nature‐as‐taste interprets the chapters differently from Zhu Xi's metaphysical account of human‐nature‐as‐Principle, which Dasan considers as unsupported by the philological and contextual grounds. This exploration of Dasan's empirical account of human‐nature‐as‐taste, serving as a preliminary for a philosophical study of his reinterpretation of the Confucian Classics and his performative account of moral self‐cultivation, will provide us with an alternative perspective to the Neo‐Confucian metaphysic‐epistemic account of human nature.
The association between multidimensional sleep health and gestational weight gain
Authors: Hawkins Marquis S. , Pokutnaya Darya Y. , Bodnar Lisa M. , Levine Michele D. , Buysse Daniel J. , Davis Esa M. , Wallace Meredith L. , Zee Phyllis C. , Grobman William A. , Reid Kathryn J. , Facco Francesca L.
Published: August 2023

Background

Although poor sleep health is associated with weight gain and obesity in the non‐pregnant population, research on the impact of sleep health on weight change among pregnant people using a multidimensional sleep health framework is needed.

Objectives

This secondary data analysis of the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcome Study: Monitoring Mothers‐to‐be Sleep Duration and Continuity Study (n = 745) examined associations between mid‐pregnancy sleep health indicators, multidimensional sleep health and gestational weight gain (GWG).

Methods

Sleep domains (i.e. regularity, nap duration, timing, efficiency and duration) were assessed via actigraphy between 16 and 21 weeks of gestation. We defined ‘healthy’ sleep in each domain with empirical thresholds. Multidimensional sleep health was based on sleep profiles derived from latent class analysis and composite score defined as the sum of healthy sleep domains. Total GWG, the difference between self‐reported pre‐pregnancy weight and the last measured weight before delivery, was converted to z‐scores using gestational age‐ and BMI‐specific charts. GWG was defined as low (<−1 SD), moderate (−1 or +1 SD) and high (>+1 SD).

Results

Nearly 50% of the participants had a healthy sleep profile (i.e. healthy sleep in most domains), whereas others had a sleep profile defined as having varying degrees of unhealthy sleep in each domain. The individual sleep domains were associated with a 20%–30% lower risk of low or high GWG. Each additional healthy sleep indicator was associated with a 10% lower risk of low (vs. moderate), but not high, GWG. Participants with late timing, long duration and low efficiency (vs. healthy) profiles had the strongest risk of low GWG (relative risk 1.5, 95% confidence interval 0.9, 2.4). Probabilistic bias analysis suggested that most associations between individual sleep health indicators, sleep health profiles and GWG were biased towards the null.

Conclusions

Future research should determine whether sleep health is an intervention target for healthy GWG.
Bureaucratic overburdening in advanced democracies
Authors: Fernández‐i‐Marín Xavier , Hinterleitner Markus , Knill Christoph , Steinebach Yves
Published: August 2023

Constant policy growth can overburden bureaucracies if implementation capacities are not expanded in lockstep with policy production. This development may undermine policy effectiveness and hence the long‐term legitimacy of democracies. This article provides a systematic analysis of this phenomenon. We demonstrate that (i) overburdening is a general trend in advanced democracies; (ii) the extent of overburdening varies by the institutional context in which policy makers operate; and that, in consequence, (iii) countries' bureaucracies differ in their distance (or closeness) to the “tipping point” after which additional policies do more harm than good. We provide information on the ratio between the policies up for implementation and the bureaucratic capacities available for 21 OECD countries over a period of 45 years (1976–2020), focusing on the areas of environmental and social policy as two major areas of governmental intervention. Bayesian analyses and background interviews serve to illuminate the reasons for and consequences of overburdened bureaucracies.
A validity study of a work sample test of leadership behavior using supervisor and subordinate ratings as criteria
Authors: Sjöberg Anders , Grill Martin
Published: August 2023

Work sample tests gather information about behavior that is consistent with the behavior being predicted. This criterion‐related validity study examines whether a work sample test can predict behaviors more than 6 months later among managers (N = 127) in a large municipal organization. Ratings from both the subordinates (SOR) and supervisors (SVR) of the managers were used as criteria for the leadership dimensions of Influencing others, Consideration, and Planning. In total, six hypotheses were tested. The results were corrected for range restriction in the predictors and for unreliability in the criteria. The hypothesis that the work sample test score of Consideration predicted subordinates' ratings of Consideration received full support ( = 0.33; CI [0.06–0.56]). The Consideration work sample test score also showed a positive relationship with supervisor ratings of Consideration ( = 0.22; CI [−0.01 to 0.43]), although the confidence interval includes zero. No significant criterion‐related validity was found for Influencing others or Planning. Given the results, the work sample test can primarily be used to predict Consideration. The results are discussed, and suggestions for further research are provided.
Effect of muscle length in a handgrip task on corticomotor excitability of extrinsic and intrinsic hand muscles under resting and submaximal contraction conditions
Authors: Moraes Victor Hugo , Vargas Claudia D. , Ramalho Bia L. , Matsuda Renan H. , Souza Victor H. , Imbiriba Luis Aureliano , Garcia Marco Antonio C.
Published: August 2023

The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying muscle force control for different wrist postures still need to be better understood. To further elucidate these mechanisms, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of wrist posture on the corticospinal excitability by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of extrinsic (flexor [FCR] and extensor carpi radialis [ECR]) and intrinsic (flexor pollicis brevis (FPB)) muscles at rest and during a submaximal handgrip strength task. Fourteen subjects (24.06 ± 2.28 years) without neurological or motor disorders were included. We assessed how the wrist posture (neutral: 0°; flexed: +45°; extended: −45°) affects maximal handgrip strength (HGSmax) and the motor evoked potentials (MEP) amplitudes during rest and active muscle contractions. HGSmax was higher at 0° (133%) than at −45° (93.6%; p < 0.001) and +45° (73.9%; p < 0.001). MEP amplitudes were higher for the FCR at +45° (83.6%) than at −45° (45.2%; p = 0.019) and at +45° (156%; p < 0.001) and 0° (146%; p = 0.014) than at −45° (106%) at rest and active condition, respectively. Regarding the ECR, the MEP amplitudes were higher at −45° (113%) than at +45° (60.8%; p < 0.001) and 0° (72.6%; p = 0.008), and at −45° (138%) than +45° (96.7%; p = 0.007) also at rest and active conditions, respectively. In contrast, the FPB did not reveal any difference among wrist postures and conditions. Although extrinsic and intrinsic hand muscles exhibit overlapping cortical representations and partially share the same innervation, they can be modulated differently depending on the biomechanical constraints.
Diamond controls epithelial polarity through the dynactin‐dynein complex
Authors: Zhao Hang , Shi Lin , Li Zhengran , Kong Ruiyan , Jia Lemei , Lu Shan , Wang Jian‐Hua , Dong Meng‐qiu , Guo Xuan , Li Zhouhua
Published: August 2023

Epithelial polarity is critical for proper functions of epithelial tissues, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. The evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein Crumbs (Crb) is a key regulator of epithelial polarity. Both Crb protein and its transcripts are apically localized in epithelial cells. However, it remains not fully understood how they are targeted to the apical domain. Here, using Drosophila ovarian follicular epithelia as a model, we show that epithelial polarity is lost and Crb protein is absent in the apical domain in follicular cells (FCs) in the absence of Diamond (Dind). Interestingly, Dind is found to associate with different components of the dynactin‐dynein complex through co‐IP‐MS analysis. Dind stabilizes dynactin and depletion of dynactin results in almost identical defects as those observed in dind‐defective FCs. Finally, both Dind and dynactin are also required for the apical localization of crb transcripts in FCs. Thus our data illustrate that Dind functions through dynactin/dynein‐mediated transport of both Crb protein and its transcripts to the apical domain to control epithelial apico‐basal (A/B) polarity.
Systematic Literature Review on Driving Factors of COVID-19 Related Fake News Sharing on Social Media
Authors: Kong Haixiao , Mahamed Mastura , Abdullah Zulhamri , Abas Wan Anita Wan
Published: August 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the news sharing behavior of social media users has exacerbated the proliferation of fake news, contributed to significant negative impacts on the public and society. This study aimed to explore the driving factors of COVID-19 related fake news sharing on social media and identify interventions to combat its dissemination. A systematic literature review under the guideline of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was conducted using various databases, resulting in several key findings. Individual motivations such as information sharing, socialization, altruism, and self-promotion were identified as significant drivers of fake news sharing. Cognitive and emotional factors like trust in online information, perceived information overload, and social media exposure were also predictors of fake news sharing. Cultural and religious factors, as well as news content characteristics, were found to be correlated with COVID-19 fake news sharing. Facebook and WhatsApp emerged as the most commonly used platforms for sharing fake news. To address this issue, collaborative efforts are necessary involving individuals, social media platforms, technological institutions, governments, and public agencies. The study provides comprehensive insights into the driving factors behind COVID-19 related fake news sharing on social media and presents potential interventions to mitigate its spread. These findings can increase public awareness of the underlying reasons for fake news sharing and assist governments and public health institutions in devising strategies to handle fake news during future health crises.
Exploring usability characteristics in computer-based digital health technologies for family caregivers of people with chronic progressive conditions: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Fakolade Afolasade , Cardwell Katherine L. , Ross-White Amanda , Broitman Emily , Chow Emma , Hume Taylor A. , Keeling Mariah , Ludgate Julia , Pilutti Lara A.
Published: August 2023

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to map the literature on how usability is considered during the design and/or evaluation of computer-based digital health technologies for family caregivers of persons with chronic progressive conditions.

Introduction:

Computer-based digital health technologies offer convenient alternatives for delivering interventions to caregivers of people with chronic progressive conditions. Usability is a critical component of good practice in developing and implementing health and social care technologies; however, we need to determine whether usability is incorporated in the design and/or evaluation of computer-based digital health technologies for caregivers of people with chronic progressive conditions. Within this context, a broad overview of the existing literature on usability in computer-based digital health technologies is needed.

Inclusion criteria:

We will include studies published from 2012 to the present that describe usability characteristics of computer-based digital health technologies targeting adult (≥18 years old) family caregivers of people with chronic progressive conditions, regardless of study design or setting.

Methods:

We will use the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. We will conduct searches of MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and Web of Science Core Collection to capture eligible studies. After the results are deduplicated, 2 independent reviewers will assess each study for eligibility and extract data from the included studies. Conflicts will be resolved through discussion or with a third reviewer. Data analysis will use a textual narrative synthesis approach.

Review registration:

Open Science Framework osf.io/w4vk5
A very brief note on why bacterial evolution has physiology
Authors: Shapiro James A.
Published: August 2023

The majority of bacteria live and evolve in surface biofilms. Both growth in biofilms and horizontal transfer of DNA are regulated by quorum‐sensing pheromone signals. The common regulation of bacterial surface growth and DNA transfers illustrates how physiology contributes to bacterial evolution.

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