bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kienbock's Disease and the Risk Factors Associated with Reoperation: A SPARCS Database Review over 10 Years
Authors: Abola Matthew V. , Anil Utkarsh , Lin Charles C. , Richardson Michelle , Gonzalez Matthew , Smith Lauren , Yang S. Steven
Published: December 2024

Purpose The purpose of this study was to utilize a large multi-institutional database to identify risk factors associated with the need for revision surgery and to determine revision rate in patients who underwent operative treatment of Kienbock's disease (KD).

Materials and Methods The New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database was reviewed to identify patients who underwent any surgical procedure with a diagnosis of KD from 2011 to 2021. The control cohort diagnoses included primary osteoarthritis of the carpus or wrist. All statistical calculations were performed using R version 4.2.2 (The R Foundation, Vienna, Austria).

Results There were a total of 499 patients in the KD cohort and 6,823 patient controls. The KD cohort was significantly younger, had a greater proportion of females, and higher rates of obesity. The control cohort, on average, had more comorbidities as evidenced by the higher Elixhauser Index compared with the KD cohort. Overall revision rate for KD patients was 12% (n = 59). None of the index procedures were more likely to be revised compared with wrist arthrodesis. Compared with the control cohort, patients with KD were less likely to undergo revision surgery. At 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year intervals, KD patients maintained a lower revision rate compared with controls. Risk factor for eventual revision included worker's compensation status and protective factors included older age, a diagnosis of Kienbock's, male sex, obesity, and higher Elixhauser Index.

Conclusions In a large multi-institutional analysis, patients who underwent surgical treatment of KD experienced a lower revision rate over a 10-year period compared with arthritic controls. Compared with the single-institution cohorts published, the overall KD revision rate was higher (12%) but similar to the published literature, the KD revision rate is lower than the same procedures for non-KD controls.

Level of Evidence Therapeutic, IV.
Role of Cell-Free DNA in Relapsed Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Baa Annie Kanchan , Sharma Atul , Singh Mayank , Gupta Ashna , Biswas Ahitagni , Bharti Sacchidanand Jee , Thakar Alok , Kumar Rajeev , Pramanik Raja
Published: December 2024

Introduction Owing to the aggressive biology of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), new biomarkers that can facilitate the diagnosis and tracking of tumour growth are the need of the hour. Liquid biopsy has emerged as an easier tool than tissue biopsy to monitor the emergence of treatment resistance or the recurrence of disease at the molecular level.

Objectives To assess the role of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a biomarker for relapsed HNSCC.

Materials and Methods This study is a Phase 2 interventional study (NCT: CTRI/2020/02/023378) that assessed the response rates of a new triplet drug regimen in refractory or relapsed HNSCC. Thirty-five patients underwent blood sampling before the commencement of therapy and at 3 months of treatment. Isolation of cfDNA was done using magnetic beads (molecular weight near 170 kb) for quantification.

Results Twenty-eight patients had comparable data at baseline and after 3 months of
treatment. The mean cfDNA reading at baseline was 8.9 ng/μL (range: 2.6 -7.3 ng/μL) of blood. The cfDNA concordance with clinical and radiological outcomes was 54.2%. The patients who responded to therapy were compared over time with patients who did not respond. Repeated measures testing found a significant difference (p 1?4 0.0035) in changes to the cfDNA levels of these two groups.

Conclusion This study posits the potential value of liquid biopsy in the treatment of
recurrent HNSCC. Our findings prove the clinical relevance as well as limitations of
cfDNA, which warrant extrapolation in an upfront setting too.
Outcomes with Methotrexate-Free Dyad Chemotherapy in Osteosarcoma Patients: Audit from a Resource-Limited Setting
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Dimri Kislay , Garg Sudhir Kumar , Pandey Awadhesh Kumar , Arora Aanchal
Published: December 2024

Objective To determine the disease free and overall survival of osteosarcoma patients and to evaluate the prognostic factors affecting OS for patients with localized disease.

Introduction Multiagent chemotherapy forms the backbone for the management of osteosarcoma. The globally accepted chemotherapy regimens for osteosarcoma include a combination of Adriamycin, cisplatin, and high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX). However, non-HDMTX regimens are predominantly used in India, secondary to patient profile, toxicity, administration, logistics, and financial constraints. We present our outcomes with a two-drug dyad chemotherapy consisting of Adriamycin and cisplatin in a resource-limited setting.

Material and Methods The study was a record-based analysis of all osteosarcoma patients presenting at a tertiary care referral center during the period from 2010 to 2019. A total of 127 patients of osteosarcoma were identified, who were evaluated for their demographic and clinical profile, while treatment details and outcomes were evaluated in 123 patients as disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate analysis was done for factors influencing OS.

Results The median age at presentation was 18 years and extremities were the most common site of presentation. Localized disease (LD) was seen in 102 (80%) patients, while 25 (20%) patients had metastatic disease (MD). Overall, 83 (84%) patients with LD underwent surgery, of whom 65 (78%) underwent limb salvage surgery, while 18 (22%) underwent amputation. Only 72 (73%) patients completed the planned six cycles of chemotherapy. At a median follow-up of 50.4 (range: 1–166.3) months, the 5-year OS for patients with LD and the entire cohort was 53 and 43%, respectively. For patients with MD, the 1- and 2-year OS were 41 and 7%, respectively. The 3- and 5-year DFS for patients with LD was 41 and 35%, respectively. Primary tumor measuring less than 12 cm (p = 0.03) and patients undergoing surgery (p = 0.003) were found to be statistically significant for improved OS on univariate analysis but not on multivariate analysis.

Conclusion The two-drug dyad chemotherapy was well tolerated with manageable toxicity. The outcomes were comparable with Indian studies using non-HDMTX regimens that report a 5-year survival of within 50 to 60%, but were inferior to global outcomes and the dose-dense OGS-12 protocol used in India. Raising awareness for early diagnosis, improving the nutritional status, incorporation of sequential third drug (ifosfamide), use of dose-intensive regimens for selected patients, and increasing compliance to treatment may further help improve the outcomes.
15.3.6 Quinoline 1-Oxides and Quinolinium Salts (Update 2025)
Authors: Das A. , Sarmah B. K.
Published: December 2024

Quinoline 1-oxides and quinolinium salts are used extensively as synthetic intermediates for various organic transformations. They are also found as privileged cores in various bioactive molecules. Therefore, there has been a continuous effort focused on the synthesis of such compounds. In this review, recent synthetic protocols to afford such compounds are compiled, with literature reports from 2005 to 2023 included. In addition to the most common oxidation routes from the parent quinoline moiety, including biocatalytic methods, this contribution also features synthetic routes using different starting materials, often based on nitroarene precursors. Synthetic protocols for the preparation of quinolinium salts based on addition or annulation strategies are also covered.
Tunneling size effect in thin superconductor film with normal coating
Authors: Belogolovskii M. A.
Published: December 2024

An oscillatory additional component of the tunneling density of states has been found in a structure consisting of a thin superconducting film, in which the minimum of one band is near the Fermi level, and a normal metal. It is demonstrated that the change in the topology of the Fermi surface of the superconductor to due filling of the given band results in an additional group of oscillations of the tunneling conductivity.
Electron–phonon interaction in aluminum point contacts
Authors: Chubov P. N. , Yanson I. K. , Akimenko A. I.
Published: December 2024

Point contact spectra have been measured for bulk single-crystals and polycrystalline films of aluminum. Typical spectra have maxima at 20.6±0.2; 31.8±0.2; and 36.6±0.2 meV, a shoulder near 24 meV, and an edge near 41−43 meV. Deviations from the typical form of the spectrum are due to anisotropies in the electron–phonon interaction in Al. The locations of unusual spectral features and the qualitative intensity ratio of the TA and LA bands in the point contact spectra agree well with the calculations of Hayman and Carbotte.
Specific heat of ordered (PdxPt1−x)3Fe alloys below 20°K
Authors: Kourov N. I. , Tsiovkin Yu. N. , Podgornykh S. M. , Volkenshtein N. V.
Published: December 2024

The specific heat Cp of ordered (PdxPt1−x)3Fe alloys with x = 0, 0.16, 0.31, 0.37, 0.43, 0.49, 0.50, 0.53, 0.57, and 0.62 was investigated at temperatures 3−20 °K. It was found that in the region of transition from the antiferromagnetic alloy Pt3Fe to the ferromagnetic Pd3Fe the electronic and phonon parts of Cp change insignificantly. No magnetic contribution to Cp was detected in any of the investigated specimens.
Transverse magnetoresistance in bismuth filaments in strong electric and quantizing magnetic fields
Authors: Gitsu D. V. , Grozav A. D. , Konopko L. A. , Muntyanu F. M.
Published: December 2024

The current–voltage (I−V) characteristics and the magnetoresistance of filamentary bismuth specimens (3 μ < a < 10 μ) with current densities j ≲ 105 A/cm2 and in quantizing magnetic fields of up to 60 kOe are studied. A maximum is observed in the dependence of the transverse magnetoresistance of bismuth filaments on the current density for j > 100 A/cm2. A region with negative differential resistance was observed in the I−V characteristics of filaments with j > 103 A/cm2.
A study of connectivity features analysis in brain function network for dementia recognition
Authors: Li Siying , Wang Peng , Li Zhenfeng , Du Lidong , Chen Xianxiang , Sun Jie , Jiang Libin , Cheng Gang , Fang Zhen
Published: December 2024

Dementias such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) lead to problems with memory, language, and daily activities resulting from damage to neurons in the brain. Given the irreversibility of this neuronal damage, it is crucial to find a biomarker to distinguish individuals with these diseases from healthy people. In this study, we construct a brain function network based on electroencephalography data to study changes in AD and MCI patients. Using a graph-theoretical approach, we examine connectivity features and explore their contributions to dementia recognition at edge, node, and network levels. We find that connectivity is reduced in AD and MCI patients compared with healthy controls. We also find that the edge-level features give the best performance when machine learning models are used to recognize dementia. The results of feature selection identify the top 50 ranked edge-level features constituting an optimal subset, which is mainly connected with the frontal nodes. A threshold analysis reveals that the performance of edge-level features is more sensitive to the threshold for the connection strength than that of node- and network-level features. In addition, edge-level features with a threshold of 0 provide the most effective dementia recognition. The K-nearest neighbors (KNN) machine learning model achieves the highest accuracy of 0.978 with the optimal subset when the threshold is 0. Visualization of edge-level features suggests that there are more long connections linking the frontal region with the occipital and parietal regions in AD and MCI patients compared with healthy controls. Our codes are publicly available at https://github.com/Debbie-85/eeg-connectivity.
Radiation effects of 5 MeV proton on Ni/β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhou Leidang , Ma Teng , Zhao Penghui , Chen Liang , Yang Tao , Lei Zhifeng , Lu Xing , Yang Sen , Ouyang Xiaoping
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the effects of 5 MeV proton irradiation on the static electrical characteristics of Ni/β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes without and with NiO rings (SBDs and RSBDs), with a total irradiation fluence of 1 × 1013 cm−2. The results indicated that the proton irradiation damage decreased the current level of the SBDs and RSBDs due to the reduced net carrier concentration of β-Ga2O3 by about 50% other than the impact on the Schottky contact. On the one hand, the reduced net carrier concentration increased the on-resistance, resulting in a reduction in the forward saturation current by approximately one order of magnitude. On the other hand, because the leakage current mechanism was dominated by the Poole–Frenkel emission process and Fowler–Nordheim tunneling process, the reduced net carrier concentration degraded the electric fields in the irradiated SBDs and RSBDs, reducing the effect of the NiO guard ring and, meanwhile, leading to a lower leakage current after proton irradiation. In addition to being associated with the temperature-dependent current–voltage (I–V–T) results, the proton irradiation also suppressed the Poole–Frenkel emission process and increased the tunneling barrier height of SBDs and RSBDs. In this case, the breakdown voltage of the SBDs and RSBDs increased by approximately 2–4 times. In addition, the Technology Computer Aided Design simulations showed a reduced discrepancy between the peaks of the electric field of SBDs and RSBDs after irradiation, leading to the comparable leakage current of SBDs and RSBDs, which confirmed the weakening of the NiO guard ring’s effect.
pERK transition–induced directional mode switching promotes epithelial tumor cell migration
Authors: Yu Huijing , Xiao Guanli , Gu Mingyao , Zhang Liting , Xia Ming , Mo Shimin , Zhao Yuying , Wei Chaoliang
Published: December 2024

Increasing evidence suggests that tumor cells exhibit extreme plasticity in migration modes in order to adapt to microenvironments. However, the underlying mechanism for governing the migration mode switching is still unclear. Here, we revealed that epithelial tumor cells could develop a stable directional mode driven by hyperactivated ERK activity. This highly activated and dynamically changing ERK activity, called pERK transition, is crucial for inducing the switch from pauses state to directional movement and is also necessary for maintaining epithelial tumor cells in the directional mode. PERK transition integrated pERK surf, the dynamic and localized ERK activity at the leading edge. The sequential activation of RhoA and Rac1 by pERK transition played critical roles in generation of pERK surf activity through a movement feedback mechanism. PERK transition activity converted the orderly collective migration into the disordered dispersal movement, enhanced the invasiveness of epithelial tumor cells, and promoted their metastasis in immune-deficient mice. These findings revealed that the exquisite spatiotemporal organization of ERK activity orchestrates migration and invasion of tumor cells and provide evidence for the mechanism underlying migration mode switching in epithelial tumor cells.
Phasal polarity in Suansu
Authors: Ivani Jessica K. , Zakharko Taras
Published: December 2024

This contribution provides a descriptive account of the phasal polarity domain (encompassing the concepts not yet, already, still, and no longer) in Suansu, using a corpus of naturalistic and semi-spontaneous data. It aims at filling the descriptive gap of this category in Tibeto-Burman and frames the properties of Suansu phasal polarity system within a cross-linguistic framework. Findings reveal that Suansu expresses these concepts through various means, including versatile verbs, discourse markers, aspectual markers, and dedicated forms. Results also show that Suansu phasal polarity domain revolves around an interconnected semantic network based on internal negation, polarity change, and actualization (or existence) at the reference point.
Mechanosensing regulates pDC activation in the skin through NRF2 activation
Authors: Chaudhary Vidyanath , Mishra Bikash , Ah Kioon Marie Dominique , Du Yong , Ivashkiv Lionel B. , Crow Mary K. , Barrat Franck J.
Published: December 2024

Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) infiltrate the skin, chronically produce type I interferon (IFN-I), and promote skin lesions and fibrosis in autoimmune patients. However, what controls their activation in the skin is unknown. Here, we report that increased stiffness inhibits the production of IFN-I by pDCs. Mechanistically, mechanosensing activates stress pathways including NRF2, which induces the pentose phosphate pathway and reduces pyruvate levels, a product necessary for pDC responses. Modulating NRF2 activity in vivo controlled the pDC response, leading to resolution or chronic induction of IFN-I in the skin. In systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, although NRF2 was induced in skin-infiltrating pDCs, as compared with blood pDCs, the IFN response was maintained. We observed that CXCL4, a profibrotic chemokine elevated in fibrotic skin, was able to overcome stiffness-mediated IFN-I inhibition, allowing chronic IFN-I responses by pDCs in the skin. Hence, these data identify a novel regulatory mechanism exerted by the skin microenvironment and identify points of dysregulation of this mechanism in patients with skin inflammation and fibrosis.
Existence and stability results for time-fractional Schrödinger equations Related to the harmonic oscillator
Authors: Sivashankar M , Sabarinathan S
Published: December 2024

The implications of the Schrödinger equation is profound, revealing the wave-particle duality of matter, the concept of superposition, and the probabilistic nature of quantum measurements. Its solutions provide critical insights into the behavior of atoms, molecules, and subatomic particles, forming the foundation for much of modern physics and technology. This article is concerned with the existence and uniqueness of solutions for Schrödinger equation that involve fractional differential equations using the Caputo method with initial conditions, as well as exploring the Hyers-Ulam stability of the Schrödinger equation was investigated when the relevant system has a potential well of finite depth using a fixed-point approach. Finally, we present the graphical representation for the Schrödinger equation related to the harmonic oscillator.
Sn-doped ZnO nanostructure deposited with free-catalyst chemical vapor deposition route: optical, electrical and photocatalytic properties
Authors: Ahmed G , Mohamed W S , Hasaneen M F , Saadallah H A A , Ali H M , Ibrahim E M M
Published: December 2024

In this work, the free-catalyst chemical vapor deposition technique is used for synthesizing SnxZn1-xO, x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08 nanostructures. X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrates that all of the samples have crystallized into a pure hexagonal-wurtzite structure without any impurities or secondary phases. The effect of adding Sn on the structural parameters, including crystallite size, bond length, lattice strain, unit cell, volume, and dislocation density of ZnO, is studied. Electron microscopy investigation proves that increasing the Sn concentration is associated with a transformation in the morphology from needles- to flakes-like shape. A blue shift in the optical energy gap is observed when Sn4+ cations are incorporated into the ZnO network structure, according to the UV-visible spectra in coincidence with the Burstein–Moss model. The electrical conductivity measurements reveal typical semiconductor features of the synthesized nanostructures where the thermally activated electrical conduction mechanism dominates. The photocatalytic mechanism is defined, and the rate constants and photodegradation efficiency are calculated. It is found that the photocatalytic properties are improved at an optimum doping ratio rather than rising linearly with the doping level. The Sn0.04Zn0.96O compound demonstrates the best photocatalytic capacity when exposed to UV light and attains the maximum degradation efficacy of 63.8% after irradiation for 180 min (photodegradation rate constant of 5.2 × 10−3).
An experimental study on the magnetic field permeability of an inductive-pulsed plasma thruster
Authors: Che 车 Bi-Xuan 碧轩 , Wu 吴 Jian-Jun 建军 , Cheng 程 Mou-Sen 谋森 , Li 李 Xiao-Kang 小康 , Zhang 张 Yu 宇 , Guo 郭 Da-wei 大伟
Published: December 2024

Inductive-pulsed plasma thruster is an in-space propulsion device that generates thrust by ionizing and accelerating plasma through pulsed electromagnetic field. In this paper, the correlation between plasma structure evolution and magnetic field permeability is studied using a B-dot probe array system, combing with high-speed camera and electrical parameter measurement. Further discussions explained the mechanism how the magnetic permeation characteristics affect the energy deposition between circuit and plasma.
Study on the Relationship Between Hardness and Stiffness of Damping Rubber Material
Authors: Li Yang , Zhao Jun , Shi Wei
Published: December 2024

Damping rubber materials have high elasticity, significant deformation capacity, and excellent damping performance. As the core material of rubber vibration damping products, they are widely used in applications where there is severe vibration and shock. However, during use, these materials are prone to aging reactions, leading to performance degradation and loss of value. Currently, most companies use stiffness as an indicator for evaluating the performance of rubber vibration damping products. However, the measurement process of stiffness is complex and may affect the service life of vibration damping products. Hardness is a key mechanical parameter for rubber materials and is more suitable for evaluating the aging degree of damping rubber materials. This paper selects two materials, NR and NBR, and subdivides them into six samples based on hardness. Under accelerated aging conditions, this paper conducted a 90-day aging experiment. The relationship curves of four parameters with aging time were discovered, including hardness, hardness change rate, stiffness, and stiffness change rate. The study found that the trend of the hardness curve and stiffness curve of the same material with aging time remained consistent. The rate of change in stiffness and hardness gradually decreased within 75 days, and then sharply decreased. At the same time, an equation that describes the relationship between hardness and stiffness is obtained, This provides experimental support for the method of evaluating the aging degree of damping rubber materials based on hardness parameters.
Optimization Design of Acoustic Black Hole and Micro-Perforated Plate Composite Structure
Authors: Lu Feng , Wang Xiaoming , Mei Yulin
Published: December 2024

By combining theoretical analysis, finite element simulation, and experimental measurement, and utilizing powerful computer simulation technology, an optimization design method has been explored to improve the sound absorption performance of structures composed of micro perforated plates and acoustic black holes. First, based on the transfer matrix method, the total transfer matrix of the composite structure of acoustic black holes and micro-perforated plates is established. Through MATLAB programming, the reflection coefficient curve of the structure is calculated and compared with the finite element simulation results. Then, the simulated annealing algorithm, a computer optimization technique, was used to establish an optimization model for the structure of the acoustic black hole tube, aiming to ensure the high-frequency sound absorption performance as much as possible, and to improve the low-frequency sound absorption performance by changing the size of each cavity of the acoustic black hole. Finally, the micro-perforated plate is placed at the entrance of the main pipe to further optimize the structure to expand the effective sound absorption bandwidth and improve octaves of the reflection coefficient below 0.2. The results show that by optimizing the radius of the acoustic black hole cavity, the lower limit frequency of the effective absorption band obtained by the transfer matrix method is expanded from 1136 Hz to 239 Hz, and the broadband effective absorption in the range of 239-2030 Hz is realized. After adding a micro-perforated plate to the front end of the acoustic black hole, the lower limit frequency obtained by the transfer matrix method is expanded from 239 Hz to 228 Hz, and the upper limit frequency is expanded from 2030 Hz to 2318 Hz. The bandwidth is expanded by 16.7 % and has 3.35 octaves. The lower limit frequency obtained by the finite element method is expanded from 264 Hz to 240 Hz, and the upper limit frequency is expanded from 1875 Hz to 2225 Hz. The bandwidth is expanded by 23.2 % and has 3.21 octaves. These results not only validate the effectiveness of optimization design methods, but also demonstrate the enormous potential of computer simulation and optimization algorithms in acoustic structure design, providing new ideas and directions for future acoustic engineering research.
Investigation of the Transient Gas-solid Flow in Launching System Charged with a Complex Propellant Bed
Authors: Chen An , Yu Yonggang
Published: December 2024

This work focuses on the characteristics of the particle distribution in the transient gas-solid flow during the ignition process of the modular charge (MC). A three-dimensional (3D) unsteady two-phase flow model is developed by the gas-particle coupled method for the module rupture and the particle motion. The effect of the initial loading position of the module (MILP) on the particle distribution characteristics is numerically simulated. The results show that particles distribute in the area between the module bottom and the right end face of the chamber under four conditions. The particle accumulations show two kinds of accumulation from left to right. They are the horizontal shape and the slope one, respectively. As the initial loading distance increases from 20mm to 80mm, the axial length of the horizontal shape shortens from 331mm to 227mm, that of the slope one increases from 149mm to 193mm, while the thickness of the horizontal shape is decreased. The heights of the slope accumulation in four working conditions are increased exponentially along the axis.
Gembili Farming as a Profitable Food Diversification and Ecological Preservation Solution for Watubonang Community
Authors: Khoirunnisa Indah , Antriyandarti Ernoiz , Rahayu Wiwit , Ulfa Amalia Nadifta
Published: December 2024

Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta) is one of the tubers that contribute to local food diversification in Indonesia. This research addresses the limited knowledge on Gembili cultivation, a minor tuber with suboptimal utilization despite its high carbohydrate content. Reducing Indonesia’s dependency on rice can be achieved through tuber diversification like Gembili. Therefore, promoting land use for Gembili cultivation is essential. Developed gembili farming provides economic and ecological benefits. Economic benefits can be seen through the value of profitability, so that farmers can develop their farms. In terms of ecology, gembili supports environmental conservation by maintaining biodiversity and preventing land degradation. The crop also does not require intensive use of chemical fertilisers or pesticides, thereby reducing negative impacts on the environment and helping to maintain the balance of local ecosystems.This study aims to analyse the costs, revenues, and profitability as well as factors that affect the profitability of gembili farming in Watubonang Village. The location was determined purposively in Watubonang Village, Tawangsari District, Sukoharjo Regency. Sample determination totalled 34 respondents using the total sampling method. The data analysis method calculates the value of profitability and multiple linear regression analysis. Factors that are thought to affect the profitability of gembili farming are cropping patterns, the main occupation of farmers, labour costs, manure costs, NPK fertilizer costs, tool depreciation costs, and land rental costs. The results of the study can be concluded that the total costs incurred by farmers averaged Rp10,977,429.00 per Ha, receipts of Rp60,020,579.00 per Ha and profits of Rp43,100,056.00 per Ha . Quantitative results show that the profit from Gembili farming is Rp43,100,056.00 per hectare, with an income of Rp49,043,168.00 per hectare, profitability of 254.7%, a B/C ratio of 2.5, and an R/C ratio of 3.5, indicating that every 100 rupiahs spent yields a return of 254.7 rupiahs. The results of the regression analysis showed that the factors of cropping patterns, the main occupation of farmers, and labour costs individually had no significant effect on the profitability of gembili farming, and the cost of manure, the cost of NPK fertilizer, the cost of land rent individually had a positive effect on the profitability of gembili farming, and the cost of depreciation of equipment individually had a negative effect on the profitability of gembili farming in Watubonang Village, Tawangsari District, Sukoharjo Regency. Overall, gembili has the potential as a solution to strengthen food security and support profitable ecological conservation efforts.
Student Worksheets as a Tool for Developing 4C Skills: Implications for Sustainable Science Education in Elementary Teacher Education
Authors: Maulana Yusup , Sopandi Wahyu , Kadarohman Asep , Fiteriani Ida
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tasks given by lecturers in the form of worksheets on the 4C skills (Critical Thinking, Communication, Collaboration, Creativity) of elementary teacher education student. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey design involving 400 elementary teacher education students in Indonesia selected by simple random sampling technique. Findings from the PLS-SEM analysis on the measurement model showed that the convergent validity test value through factor loading for communication skills (CMC), collaboration (CLB), critical thinking (CTC), creativity (CTV), and lecturer assignments (C) was greater than 0.6 and the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) value was greater than 0.5. The reliability test value through composite reliability (CR) for each variable is greater than 0.7 and the Cronbach’s Alpha value is greater than 0.6, indicating that this instrument is valid and reliable. In addition, the results showed that the tasks given by lecturers through worksheets had a significant influence on the various 4C skills of students. This study supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 4: Quality Education, by providing empirical evidence on the effectiveness of the worksheets in developing essential 21st century skills among elementary teacher education student. Improved 4C skills contribute to the provision of inclusive, equitable and quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. Therefore, the findings of this study can be a useful guide in developing tested and measurable instruments in line with the goals of continuing education.
Floristic composition and structure of Dipterocarps habitat in Dramaga Research Forest, Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: Ekasari Indriani , Widjaya Aulia Hasan , Latifah Dian , Sahromi
Published: December 2024

Dipterocarp species richness, floristic composition, and structure were studied in fifteen plots dispersed across 60 ha of Dramaga Research Forest in Bogor, Indonesia. The fifteen plots, each measuring 20m x 20m, evaluated all woody species in four growth stages (trees, poles, saplings, and seedlings) and the understory. This study aimed to determine the floristic composition, species diversity, community, and structural analysis that are important to provide necessary information on species richness and diversity in the study forest, and vegetation types that are useful for forest management purposes and help in understanding forest ecology and ecosystem functions. This research was conducted from February to June 2024. The site was conducted in the research forest, established in the 1950s, with the major species composition being Dipterocarps. This result showed 918 individuals from 48 species and 23 families. The top five families were Dipterocarpaceae, Meliaceae, Fabaceae, Arecaceae, and Calophyllaceae. Sapling’s growth stage showed the highest diversity levels (2.64) and richness (22.82) compared to other growth stages. All vegetation growth stages were recorded as having moderate diversity levels, meaning that the ecosystem conditions in the research forest tended to have moderate stability. This finding was similar to the conditions of dipterocarp forests in Southeast Asia, where the canopy layer of seasonal tropical rainforests is mostly composed of saplings to trees. The results also presented that fallen trees and unwanted ecotourism promote significant changes in the floristic and structural diversity in the different growth stages. The current composition and structure of the Dramaga research forest were similar to the original condition of the tropical dipterocarps forest habitat.
Synthesis and Characterization of Composite Adsorbent from Natural Clay and Banana Peels Waste for Cationic Dye Removal
Authors: Susanti Indri , Sajidah Happy Bunga Nasyirahul , Rosdiana Silvi Rosiva
Published: December 2024

This research aimed to synthesize and characterize a composite material from natural clay and banana peel waste as an adsorbent of cationic dye methylene blue. The composite material is prepared by dispersion method in methanol, and then donate as NC-BP Composite. The properties of materials are characterize using XRD, FTIR, XRF, SEM, and TGA analyses. The adsorption test of cationic dye methylene blue was assessed by simple “batch method” with further analysis by spectrophotometry UV-Vis. The results from XRF and SEM-EDX data showed that the NC-BP composite was composed from Fe and Al. The adsorption test indicates that the NC-BP composite performs better than either of the components alone. The methylene blue adsorbed on NC-BP material was larger compared to NC and BP materials with the value of 79.44% and 82.77% in adsorbent mass of 0.2 gram and 0.5 gram, respectively.
Student Motivation to Protect the Environment: A Case Study of Student Council Officers at SMA Islam Al Azhar 14 Semarang
Authors: Isnaini Nur , Maryani Enok , Nandi
Published: December 2024

Environmental education needs to be given to adolescents, considering adolescence is when the development of values, identity, and moral structure occurs intensively. This study analyzes high school student council officers’ motivation to protect the environment at SMA Islam Al Azhar 14 Semarang. Data collection in this study used interviews, observation, and documentation techniques with data analysis in the form of qualitative analysis. The results showed that students understand actions that protect the environment well. Their motivation to protect the environment includes health, beauty, comfort, responsibility, sustainability, and ecosystem balance. This research shows the importance of environmental education, which links environmental issues with their impact on humans. The study’s findings can be used to create more engaging and relevant environmental education programs for high school students.
Bio-Hydrogels Derived from Agarose and Cellulose: Characterization and Swelling Properties
Authors: Praharasti Anggita Sari , Jatmiko Tri Hadi , Anwar Muslih , Hernawan  , Suwanto Andri
Published: December 2024

There are a lot of postharvest techniques to extend the shelf-life of foods. One of them was the use of materials such as hydrogel. Hydrogel which is made from bio-based materials usually known as bio-hydrogel. The functional properties of bio-hydrogel were in the ability to absorb water which is usually the main problem of food spoilage. In this study, bio-hydrogel was made from agarose and cellulose to form robust material which can be incorporated into packaging or stand alone as an addition material into food system in order to get more sustainable option packaging for the environment. Bio-hydrogel was formulated using Agarose, Natrium carboxymethylcellulose (CMCNa), Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyhyl). The resulted hydrogel showed the firm hydrogel which has hardness value of 261 g-1116 g. P1,5%C0% (polymer concentration-P; crosslinker concentration-C) had maximum swelling value of 46,86 g/g when in the form of beads, whereas in the form of particle material P2%C2,5% had maximum swelling value of 34,83 g/g. The materials derived from this study have firm shapes with their specific characteristic and swelling value in both forms (bead and particle). They can be utilize for many applications includes food.
The development of science e-book integrated with the local potential of “lubuk larangan”
Authors: Sarlita R , Sartika I M , Asbupel F
Published: December 2024

The lack of science learning material that are integrated to local potential causes difficulties for teachers and students in implementing contextual learning. Therefore, this research focuses on developing an integrated science e-book with the local potential of lubuk larangan which can help students in contextual learning, maintaining culture while preserving the environment. This study aims to determine the feasibility and student responses to science e-book integrated local potential lubuk larangan. This research was a development study used a 4D model which consist of define, design, develop, and disseminate. However, this development was carried out until the develop stage. The product was validated by a material expert and media expert validator. Data were collected using a validation and readability test questionnaire. The results of the feasibility of the e-book content obtained an average score of 2.8 (very good), media validity score is 3.0 (very good), teachers’ response test score is 2.84 (very good) and students response test 92.2% (very interesting). As a whole the science textbook integrated local potential of lubuk larangan can be used in the science learning process.
New Report: An Overview of Bats Bacteria And Its Implication For Tourism In KEK Mandalika, Lombok Island West Nusa Tenggara - Indonesia
Authors: Fajri Siti Rabiatul , Armiani Sucika , Sukri Akhmad , Maryanto Ibnu , Suryadi Bambang Fajar , Muttaqin Zainul
Published: December 2024

Bats play an important role in the survival of the ecosystem, however, bats are also becoming reservoirs and vectors in the transmission of some human diseases. There are many genera of bacteria that have been reported to exist in the body of a bat and can infect a human being including Salmonella, Bartonella, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Neisseria. The study aimed to detect bacteria on the bat’s body and to evaluate its implications on tourism, especially tourism in the Special Economic Regions (KEK) of Mandalika. An observation was made from August 2022 to January 2023. Bat samples were taken at several nests in the bat’s natural habitat in Mandalika, between Kuta, Mertak, Prabu and Mekarsari villages. The observation of bacterial culture was performed from samples isolated from rectal swabs and blood collection. Carry Blair Transport Media was used as transport media. In the laboratory, samples were aseptically cultured in Soy Trypticase media and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The colonies were subcultured and examined on their colony characteristics, cell characteristics using Gram staining and biochemical characteristics using biochemical testing. Identification of the bacteria referred to Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Microbiology Ninth edition. From 90 bats caught, there were 5 species of the bats that were infected by bacteria, namely Cynopterus nusatenggara, Rosettus amplexicaudatus, Eonycteris spelaea, Rhinolopus acuminatus, and hipposideros diadema. There were 13 species infecting those bats including Kurthia sp., Shigella sp., Bacillus sp., Proteus sp. Proteus vulgaris, Clostridium sp., Serratia sp., Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermis, Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli, and Acinotobacter calcoaceticus were identified. In conclusion, the study highlights that various bacterial species inhabit bats in Mandalika, which may pose health risks to humans and have implications for tourism development in the area. This underscores the importance of implementing biosecurity measures and public health monitoring, especially in tourism sectors within ecologically sensitive regions like Mandalika.
Treatment of fabrics with citronella oil nanoemulsion: Characterisation, In-vitro controlled-release and retention studies
Authors: Abdullah Nurul Nabila Aini , Kamari Azlan , Wong Siew Tin Susana , Yusof Norjan , Wayan Sutapa I
Published: December 2024

The high volatility of essential oil on treated fabrics has received great attention from scientists due to its potential to reduce the effectiveness of mosquito repellency. To overcome this drawback, synthetic polymer has been used as binder to reduce the volatility of essential oil. However, these synthetic polymers are expensive and are not degradable naturally which have potential to pollute environment. These problems warn and motivate many researchers to search for a safer and more biodegradable binder. In this study, tragacanth gum, a biopolymer derived from plant, Astragalus gummifer, was used in the nanoemulsion that later treated with fabrics. We investigated the efficacy of cotton and polyester treated with tragacanth gum loaded with lemongrass essential oil nanoemulsion. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, and polydispersity index were used to characterise the nanoemulsion formulation. Meanwhile, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyse the treated fabrics. The results showed that tragacanth gum loaded with lemongrass essential oil exhibits 94% encapsulation efficiency with a -35.23 mV zeta potential and 0.2 polydispersity index. In conclusion, tragacanth gum loaded with lemongrass essential oil nanoemulsion was successfully developed. Nanoemulsion recorded a good stability, was able to prolong the release of lemongrass essential oil and had a high level of retention on fabrics towards washing and heating process. Results conclude that nanoemulsion could be used for the delivery of hydrophobic compounds and is able to increase the effectiveness of essential oil.
A novel approach in cancer diagnosis: integrating holography microscopic medical imaging and deep learning techniques—challenges and future trends
Authors: Nazir Asifa , Hussain Ahsan , Singh Mandeep , Assad Assif
Published: December 2024

Medical imaging is pivotal in early disease diagnosis, providing essential insights that enable timely and accurate detection of health anomalies. Traditional imaging techniques, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computer Tomography (CT), ultrasound, and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), offer vital insights into three-dimensional structures but frequently fall short of delivering a comprehensive and detailed anatomical analysis, capturing only amplitude details. Three-dimensional holography microscopic medical imaging provides a promising solution by capturing the amplitude (brightness) and phase (structural information) details of biological structures. In this study, we investigate the novel collaborative potential of Deep Learning (DL) and holography microscopic phase imaging for cancer diagnosis. The study comprehensively examines existing literature, analyzes advancements, identifies research gaps, and proposes future research directions in cancer diagnosis through the integrated Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) and DL methodology. This novel approach addresses a critical limitation of traditional imaging by capturing detailed structural information, paving the way for more accurate diagnostics. The proposed approach comprises tissue sample collection, holographic image scanning, preprocessing in case of imbalanced datasets, and training on annotated datasets using DL architectures like U-Net and Vision Transformer(ViT’s). Furthermore, sophisticated concepts in DL, like the incorporation of Explainable AI (XAI) techniques, are suggested for comprehensive disease diagnosis and identification. The study thoroughly investigates the advantages of integrating holography imaging and DL for precise cancer diagnosis. Additionally, meticulous insights are presented by identifying the challenges associated with this integration methodology.
Printed hybrid capacitive Kirigami sensor: enhancing flexibility and conformability for improved motion artifacts
Authors: Morelli Laura , Wadhwa Arjun , Cloutier Sylvain , Bolduc Martin , Gagnon Ghyslain , Zednik Ricardo J
Published: December 2024

Capacitive sensing of electrophysiological signals is a promising alternative to traditional contact-type sensing for long-term and ubiquitous health monitoring. Many researchers are focusing on developing flexible capacitive electrodes to improve the conformability and the quality of acquisition of this family of sensors. However, current flexible devices still present many limitations due to the negative Poisson’s ratio of the materials used, which affects the dimensions and characteristics of the materials when under stress, and their incompatibility with traditional manufacturing methods and solid-state devices. We present a novel, inkjet-printed, hybrid capacitive Kirigami sensor design. This novel structure comprises different layers with different functionalities, in order to allow improved flexibility and conformability of the flexible Kirigami printed electrode, while securing its inclusion on a traditional rigid printed circuit board for a quality signal acquisition. The novel sensor design has been tested on different shapes and dimensions of sensing target and with different weights applied. Capacitive and electrical measurements were performed to obtain the main basic sensor characteristics such as coupled capacitance, acquired signal amplitude and cutoff frequency. When compared to an analog but rigid sensor, the novel designed hybrid flexible sensor showed significant improvement and enhanced uniformity of measurements, with an increase in amplitude value up to

+
82
%

for the bigger curvatures, while maintaining good electrical contact and integrity of all the layers.