bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New perspectives on MASCARA-1b: A combined analysis of pre- and post-eclipse emission data using CRIRES+
Authors: Ramkumar Swaetha , Gibson Neale P. , Nugroho Stevanus K. , Fortune Mark , Maguire Cathal
Published: February 2025

We present high-resolution emission spectroscopy observations of the ultra-hot Jupiter MASCARA-1b with CRIRES+ in the K-band, covering the post-eclipse phases of the planet's orbit. These observations complement previously published pre-eclipse data. The stellar and telluric features were removed from the data using the SysRem algorithm, and the planetary signal was analysed with the cross-correlation technique. After confirming the presence of chemical species in our atmospheric model, we combined the pre- and post-eclipse datasets for a joint analysis. By employing a Bayesian retrieval framework with various parametrisations, this joint retrieval enabled us to constrain the spatially varying temperature-pressure (T-P) profile and the atmospheric carbon-to-oxygen (rm C/O) ratio. We detected strong emission signatures of CO and H_2O in the post-eclipse and the combined datasets. A well-mixed retrieval model results in a super-solar rm C/O, whereas allowing for vertically varying chemistry by incorporating a chemical model results in rm C/O values consistent with solar within $ ≈ 1.1σ$. The retrieved parameters are not only consistent across the datasets but also across different chemical regimes. We did not identify any significant velocity shifts between the detected species or across the datasets that could otherwise serve as proxies for possible atmospheric dynamics. We also explored potential phase dependence through the model scaling factor and found no substantial changes in the atmospheric properties throughout the observed phases. Due to strong degeneracies between the temperature gradient and chemical abundances, our retrieved temperatures are broadly consistent with either a full redistribution of heat or strong day-night contrasts. While this complicates direct comparisons with recent Spitzer phase curve analyses suggesting inefficient recirculation, we find no clear evidence of spatial variation in the chemical or temperature structure of MASCARA-1b from pre- to post-eclipse, nor temporal variation over a period of ≈2 years.
The structure of κ Cygnid and August Draconid meteoroid streams
Authors: Borovička J. , Spurný P. , Kotková L. , Molau S. , Tomko D. , Weiland T.
Published: February 2025

Meteoroid streams can be complex structures shaped by the processes of their formation and subsequent orbital evolution. The first step to understanding them is mapping their current stage. We used precise data from the European Fireball Network to disentangle the situation with meteor showers that are active in August and that have radiants in the Cygnus-Draco area. In total, 179 fireballs observed between 2016--2024 were analyzed. We confirmed that two showers, κ Cygnids and August Draconids, are present. The meteoroid swarm producing κ Cygnids is locked in a 5:3 main-motion resonance with Jupiter with an orbital period of 7.12 years, and has a limited extent of ≤90 in the mean anomaly. The shower is therefore markedly active only once or twice during each seven-year period. The orbits have a wide range of inclinations, 28--44 There is a correlation between the inclination, perihelion distance, and argument of perihelion due to observational selection effects. The radiant area is almost 30 long in declination. August Draconids have even more extended radiants and can be divided into three branches, depending on the position of the perihelion relative to the ecliptic plane. Neither of the showers can be described by a single set of orbital elements. We provide sets of representative orbits and identifications with showers previously reported in the literature. Physical properties of meteoroids and possible parent bodies are also discussed.
Constraints on the X-ray-to-radio fluence ratio of FRB 20240114A
Authors: Eppel F. , Krumpe M. , Limaye P. , Intrarat N. , Wongphechauxsorn J. , Cruces M. , Herrmann W. , Jankowski F. , Jaroenjittichai P. , Spitler L.G. , Kadler M.
Published: February 2025

We report on multiwavelength observations of FRB,20240114A, a nearby (z=0.13), hyperactive, repeating fast radio burst that was discovered in January 2024. We performed simultaneous observations of the source with the Effelsberg 100-m radio telescope, the Thai National Radio Telescope, the Astropeiler Stockert, and the X-ray satellite XMM-Newton in May 2024. On May 23, 2024, we detected 459 bursts from the source using the Ultra-Broad-Band (UBB) receiver of the Effelsberg telescope, covering a frequency range from 1.3,GHz to 6,GHz. All bursts have simultaneous X-ray coverage, which allows us to put stringent constraints on the X-ray-to-radio fluence ratio, η_x/r, of FRB,20240114A. In this work, we focus on the three brightest radio bursts detected during the campaign. The brightest burst exhibits a radio fluence of $1.4 $,erg,cm^-2, while the $3σ$ upper limit of the 0.2-12,keV absorption-corrected X-ray burst fluence lies in the range of $3.4 $,erg,cm^-2 to $1.7 $,erg,cm^-2, depending on the spectral model. Assuming a 10,keV black-body spectrum, the X-ray-to-radio fluence ratio can be constrained to x/r . A cutoff power law (Γ=1.56, cutoff at 84,keV) is also considered, physically motivated by the Galactic magnetar SGR,1935+2154, which has previously shown X-ray bursts associated with FRB-like radio bursts at a measured X-ray-to-radio fluence ratio of x/r ∼2.5 (1-250,keV). In this scenario, we find that x/r 10^6. Our results are consistent with FRB,20240114A being powered by a mechanism similar to that of SGR,1935+2154. We show that future multiwavelength campaigns will be able to improve this limit if sufficiently bright radio bursts are observed with simultaneous X-ray coverage.
On modelling of the one dimensional pseudoelastic effect of shape memory alloys
Authors: Zidane Imade , Meddour Belkacem
Published: February 2025

Last decades, a qualitative leap in materials engineering was observed, through developing new materials or discovering new properties. The shape memory alloys are a group of materials exhibiting singular behaviour under a coupled thermomechanical loading, and they are widely used in numerous applications because of their properties. To exploit these properties in engineering, several constitutive models of were developed. The aim of this work is to build a constitutive model that could describe the pseudoelastic behaviour of shape memory alloys in a simpler and more accurate way. Based on thermodynamics and mechanics laws and principles, the developed constitutive model was implemented in an algorithm and compared with experimental data in order to assess its accuracy. The obtained results indicated that the agreement between the real and computer-simulated stress-strain curves was good. This reaffirmed the model's ability to predict the pseudoelastic behaviour of the shape memory materials under various loading states. These results thus validate especially the temperature sensitivity of Nitinol alloys, which should be taken into account when designing devices that need to function reliably.
Positionspapier der Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Gastroenterologie und Ernährung (GPGE) zum zulassungsüberschreitenden Gebrauch von für Erwachsene mit CED zugelassenen Biologika und Signalinhibitoren bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Däbritz Jan , Classen Martin , Krohn Kathrin , Krahl Andreas , Buderus Stephan , Lainka Elke , de Laffolie Jan , Posovszky Carsten
Published: February 2025

Die Therapie für Kinder und Jugendliche mit chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen (CED) unterscheidet sich grundsätzlich kaum von denen der erwachsenen Patienten. Derzeit sind jedoch in Deutschland von der stetig steigenden Zahl von Biologika und Signalinhibitoren für Erwachsene nur zwei TNFα-Antikörper für die Behandlung der CED ab dem vollendeten 6. Lebensjahr zugelassen. Damit stehen ein großer Teil der bei Erwachsenen mit CED zugelassenen Medikamente für moderat bis schwer erkrankte Kinder und Jugendliche nicht zur Verfügung. Die geringe Zahl zugelassener Medikamente erschwert auch das Erreichen des prognostisch wichtigen Ziels, rasch nach Diagnosestellung eine anhaltende steroidfreie Remission der CED zu erreichen, welche durch Beschwerdefreiheit des Patienten und auch dem objektivierbaren Ziel der Mukosaheilung charakterisiert ist. Dieses Positionspapier soll die aktuelle Studienlage zur medikamentösen Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit CED außerhalb der Alterszulassung darstellen und als Grundlage für den Medizinischen Dienst bei der Begutachtung von Einzelfallanträgen sowie den behandelnden Ärztinnen und Ärzten, den Kostenträgern, gesundheitspolitischen und sozialgerichtlichen Entscheidungsträgern zur Information und Entscheidungsgrundlage dienen.
A Comparison of SIEA/SCIA and DIEP Flaps for Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Somers Sydney , Foley Brittany , Dadzie Aaron , Hart Chase , Chen Joanna , Bautista Catie , Scott Kaylee , Eddington Devin , Agarwal Jayant P. , Kwok Alvin C.
Published: February 2025

Background
The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is considered the gold standard for autologous breast reconstruction. Less commonly used abdominal flaps include the superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) and the superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA) flaps which are based on the superficial vasculature of the abdominal wall. We sought to compare complication rates between DIEP and superficial system flaps and their associated risk factors.
Methods
A retrospective chart review of 400 breast cancer patients undergoing abdominally-based free flap breast reconstruction with either a DIEP or superficial flap from January 2017 to December 2023 was performed at a single institution. The primary outcome was breast and abdominal site complications.
Results
A total of 638 flaps, 571 (89.4%) DIEP and 67 (10.5%) superficial, were performed with flap complication rates of 27.3% and 22.4% respectively. At the recipient site, there was a significant difference in the rate of postoperative thrombosis (0.7% vs. 4.5%, p=0.015); however, there were no differences for flap failure (0.4% vs. 1.5%, p=0.28) or other flap complications. Donor site outcomes were similar between groups. Although not statistically significant, abdominal bulging was seen in 18 DIEP flap patients compared to none observed in the superficial flap patients (p=0.24). When controlling for age, BMI, and radiation history, the overall rate of superficial flap and abdominal complications was not statistically significant from the rate of DIEP flap complications (p=0.576).
Conclusion
Compared to DIEP flaps, superficial flaps had significantly higher rates of immediate perioperative thrombosis. However, there were no significant differences in rates of flap failure or other flap complications with superficial flaps compared to DIEP flaps. There was a clinically significant trend toward increased abdominal bulging with the use of DIEP flaps. Our results will help surgeons better understand the risks and benefits associated with superficial flaps for autologous breast reconstruction.
A Review of Minimally Invasive Techniques for Perfusion Optimization of Flaps
Authors: Tobin Micaela J , Thomas Charlotte , Raquepo Tricia Mae , Yamin Mohammed , Mustoe Audrey K. , Posso Agustin N. , Foppiani Jose , Cauley Ryan P
Published: February 2025

Background
There is a growing emphasis on minimally invasive techniques as an alternative to surgical delay to promote vessel reorganization and prevent partial and total flap loss. This systematic review evaluates existing literature on these minimally invasive techniques, focusing on their potential applications in preventing ischemia-related complications.
Methods
A systematic review was conducted in July 2024 using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Inclusion criteria were studies that included patients undergoing any flap-based reconstruction treated with minimally invasive delay. Exclusion criteria were non-English papers, other systematic reviews, nonhuman patients, and pediatric patients.
Results
Six studies were included (angiographic delay n=143, heat preconditioning n=191, ischemic preconditioning n=60) which examined minimally invasive methods for perfusion optimization. Aggregated data from the three studies on angiographic delay demonstrated a 13% (18/143) combined skin or fat flap necrosis rate, which was lower than that of non-delayed flaps and comparable to more invasive traditional surgical ligation. Ischemic preconditioning showed no significant differences (p=1.0) g compared to controls, whereas heat preconditioning led to reductions (26% vs. 35%) in flap necrosis and necrosis requiring surgical intervention (11% vs. 17%).
Conclusion
Angiographic embolization presents a promising alternative to invasive surgical delay, effectively reducing flap necrosis risk. Heat and ischemic preconditioning also show potential for increasing flap survival, although current studies are limited by small sample sizes. Further research is essential to explore preoperative conditioning interventions to improve surgical outcomes for patients who require less invasive delay techniques.
Use of Animation Video and Clay Model for Surgical Decision-Making in Patients with Early Breast Cancer—A Prospective Study
Authors: Jagannath Spandana , Sabaretnam Mayilvaganan , Mishra Shagun , Chand Gyan , Mishra Anjali , Agarwal Gaurav
Published: February 2025

Introduction Patient perspectives on breast cancer surgical techniques are influenced by various factors. The time given by the care providers to patients for appropriate decision-making is minimal in the developing world. Effective presurgical counseling is crucial for empowering patients, managing expectations, promoting informed decision-making, and optimizing outcomes. This study employed animation storytelling technique and clay model on patients to understand breast surgical techniques.

Aims and Objectives To evaluate the use of animation video and clay model in counseling patients eligible for breast conservation surgery (BCS) on the differences between modified radical mastectomy, BCS, and oncoplasty.

Methods A prospective observational study was undertaken including 40 patients under 60 years of age, eligible for BCS, at the Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. Patients viewed a 4-minute animation video and a clay model demonstrating tissue displacement and reconstruction techniques. Responses from a three-question questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS 23 and compared with historical controls adapted from the study of Bothra et al.

Results Scores assessing awareness, understanding of surgical techniques, and interest in BCS among patients who underwent mastectomy, BCS, and oncoplasty were comparable. Patients exposed to both animation and clay models showed slightly higher scores across all groups, compared with historic controls, though not statistically significant (p = 0.144, 0.199, and 0.198). Overall, patients and relatives expressed satisfaction with the educational tools, finding them helpful in decision-making.

Conclusion Animation video and clay model are valuable tools in modern surgical education and patient care, enhancing understanding and facilitating informed decision-making. These visual aids empower patients and support health care providers in delivering comprehensive counseling on surgical options for breast cancer treatment.
Remarks on Chern-Simons gauged sigma model into hyperbolic space
Authors: Huh Hyungjin , Yim Jihyun
Published: February 2025

We study the initial value problem of Chern-Simons gauged sigma model from R1+1 into the hyperbolic space H2 and find the stationary solutions. Especially, we prove the existence of global solution under the gauge condition A1 ≡ 0.
Influence on electrical insulation characteristics of MAX phase Ti3AlC2 doping on polymer composite materials
Authors: Guo Kai , Wu Kai , Wang Yilong , Wang Wei , Jing Ziang , Hua Feng , Nie Weidong , Wang Xin , Zhao Peng , Kong Gang , Wu Zhenyu
Published: February 2025

MAX phase Ti3AlC2 has excellent properties of both metal and ceramic materials, including excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance. These characteristics make MAX phase Ti3AlC2 widely used in high-temperature structural materials, wear devices, and other fields. Few studies have been conducted on the effect of electrical insulation properties in terms of typical thermosetting epoxy and phenolic or typical thermosetting polyethylene and polypropylene after doping with Ti3AlC2. In our study, we designed and synthesized a series of polymer/Ti3AlC2 functional materials with varying phr ratios, which were then preformed into 0.1–0.3 mm sheets. Accurate morphological characterization with high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Kelvin probe force microscopy revealed a definite and clear influence relationship between different Ti3AlC2 phr ratios, which were subjected to functionalized groups. Furthermore, electrical characterizations such as space charge, surface discharge, and disruptive tests have revealed in-depth interactions between the MAX-phase Ti3AlC2 and polymers at specific proportions, such as 1phr for epoxy and 2.5phr for polyethylene, establish an obvious and definite influence of both the surface and interior structures of the composite materials through functional groups or agglomeration. Our results provide new insights into doping mode synthesis and property-tuning for MAX composites.
Stability and Hopf bifurcation analysis of a predator–prey system with multiple delays and generalized Allee effect
Authors: Zhuo Gaji , Liu Hua , Liu Chunya , Zhang Qibin , Wei Yumei
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we develop a predator–prey system with a parameterized generalized Allee effect function and multiple discrete delays. One delay accounts for the negative feedback in the prey, while the other represents the gestation period in the predator population. First, we demonstrate the positivity and boundedness of solutions for the non-delayed system and establish conditions for the existence and stability of equilibria. For the delayed model, we assess the impact of varying delays on the stability of equilibria, discovering that the system exhibits Hopf bifurcations for both delays. Additionally, we determine the crossing curves to explore the stability transitions of equilibria within the delay parameter space. By computing the normal form, we determine the direction, stability, and period of bifurcating periodic solutions. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to validate the theoretical findings. These simulations reveal that for the Allee effect function considered in this paper, the stability of the system remains unaffected when the delay is comparatively minor. Nonetheless, as the delay grows, the system shifts from a state of stability to one of instability, which even leads to chaotic dynamics. Additionally, the combination of the two delays makes the oscillation frequency of the original chaos higher.
Ultralow voltage resistive switching characteristics of HfOx/NiOx stacks
Authors: Zhang Tao , Huang Yaosong , Wei Minglong , Qiu Xiaoyan
Published: February 2025

HfOx/NiOx stacks composed of polycrystalline HfOx and ⟨111⟩/⟨100⟩-orientation preferred NiOx films were prepared by magnetron sputtering. Triangular pyramid-shaped NiOx⟨111⟩ grains assemble into the dense but rough NiOx(111) film, while square columnar NiOx⟨100⟩ grains make up the smooth NiOx(100) film. Compared with the NiOx films, HfOx/NiOx stacks exhibit significantly improved bipolar resistive switching (RS) characteristics. NiOx(100)/HfOx stacks show a ratio of the high resistance to the low resistance (RH/RL) varying between 7 × 102 and 9 × 103, and the optimized HfOx/NiOx(111) stack exhibits a high RH/RL ratio of ∼2 × 105 at a ultralow switching voltage of <±0.2 V. Both current–voltage curves in the high and low resistance states follow the relationship of ohmic conduction. It is believed that the HfOx film works as a buffer matrix to depress the leakage current and block the diffusion of Ag ions, while Ag ions diffused into the HfOx matrix act as oxygen reservoirs to store or release oxygen ions, which promotes the formation and rupture of oxygen-vacancy conductive filaments in the NiOx film, resulting in ultralow voltage RS behaviors.
Surface structures of gold epitaxial overlayers grown on Ag(111)
Authors: Yokoyama Takashi , Aoki Takuro
Published: February 2025

Surface reconstructions and electronic structures of Au thin films formed on the Ag(111) surface have been investigated using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. We find that striped patterns form even at a one-monolayer (ML) coverage of Au on the Ag(111) surface. In contrast to the striped patterns, hexagonal ring structures are observed on the 2 ML Au surface, where four rings are connected in a triangular arrangement as a single unit. The ring patterns disappear above 3 MLs, and the striped patterns reappear.
A recursive method to find the extreme and superstable curves in the parameter space of dissipative one-dimensional mappings
Authors: da Costa Diogo Ricardo , de Paiva Luam Silva , Rocha Julia G. S. , Hermes Joelson D. V. , Hansen Matheus , Viana Ricardo Luiz , Caldas Iberê Luiz , Medrano-T Rene O.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a recursive method for identifying extreme and superstable curves in the parameter space of dissipative one-dimensional maps. The method begins by constructing an Archimedean spiral with a constant arc length. Subsequently, it identifies extreme and superstable curves by calculating an observable ψ. The spiral is used to locate a region where ψ changes sign. When this occurs, a bisection method is applied to determine the first point on the desired superstable or extreme curve. Once the initial direction is established, the recursive method identifies subsequent points using an additional bisection method, iterating the process until the stopping conditions are met. The logistic-Gauss map demonstrates each step of the method, as it exhibits a wide variety of periodicity structures in the parameter space, including cyclic extreme and superstable curves, which contribute to the formation of period-adding structures. Examples of extreme and superstable curves obtained by the recursive method are presented. It is important to note that the proposed method is generalizable and can be adapted to any one-dimensional map.
Time periodicity of global classical solution to one-dimensional rotating shallow water system
Authors: Gao Pu , Liu Jianli , Sheng Wancheng
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we first give the global stability of the steady flow of the one-dimensional rotating shallow water equations, by using wave decomposition and uniform prior estimates. Under the assumption that the boundary data is temporal periodic, we can conclude that the classical solution is also temporal periodic.
Improving forecasts of imperfect models using piecewise stochastic processes
Authors: Dyson M. , Stemler T.
Published: February 2025

Forecasting complex systems is important for understanding and predicting phenomena. Due to the complexity and error sensitivity inherent in these predictive models, forecasting proves challenging. This paper presents a novel approach to assimilate system observations into predictive models. The approach makes use of a recursive partitioning algorithm to facilitate the computation of local sets of model corrections as well as provide a data structure to traverse the model space. These local sets of corrections act as a sample from a piecewise stochastic process. Appending these corrections to the predictive model incorporates hidden residual dynamics, resulting in improved forecasting performance. Numerical experiments demonstrate that this approach results in improved forecasting for the Lorenz 1963 model. In addition, comparisons are made between two types of corrections: Vector Difference and Gaussian. Vector Difference corrections provide the best computational efficiency and forecasting performance. To further justify the effectiveness of this approach it is successfully applied to more complex systems such as Lorenz for various chaotic parameterizations, coupled Lorenz, and cubic Lorenz.
The effect of damping and aspect ratio on power extraction from vortex-induced vibration of elliptical cylinder
Authors: Pal Abhijit , Soti Atul K.
Published: February 2025

Vortex-induced vibration (VIV), a type of flow-induced vibration, is a relatively new means of generating clean energy. The present study aims to quantify the flow-power extraction using the elastically mounted elliptical cylinders of different aspect ratios (AR). The power extraction process is modeled using a linear damper attached to the moving cylinder. The mass ratio of the vibrating structure (m*) is kept constant at 10, and the Reynolds number is taken as 100 for the 2D numerical simulation. The aspect ratio of the elliptical cylinder varies from 0.10 to 1.00 (circular cylinder), and the damping ratio (ζ) ranges from 0.02 to 0.12. The vibration amplitude response of the elliptical cylinders is found to be similar to that of the circular cylinder, consisting of initial and lower branches. The maximum vibration amplitude and the width of the synchronization region of the elliptical cylinders are observed to increase with decreasing AR. For each AR, there is an optimum mass-damping parameter, α=m*ζ where the time-averaged power (Pα¯) output is at its peak value (P¯peak). The peak power (P¯peak) output is a non-monotonic function of AR. The elliptical cylinder with AR = 0.40 is found to maximize P¯peak. To the circular cylinder (AR = 1.00), it attains a 62.37% increase in P¯peak and a 24.40% increase in power extraction efficiency (η). When compared to the circular cylinder, elliptical cylinders are found to produce significantly more power over a wider range of α. Thus, elliptical cylinders are better suited for VIV-based hydrokinetic energy extraction devices.
Solitary waves in dusty plasma with two dust species: Effects of dust size distributions
Authors: Bibi Sabah , Duan Wen-Shan
Published: February 2025

We study the effect of various dust particle size distributions on solitary waves in unmagnetized dusty plasma using the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation. The current work demonstrates how various dust particle size distributions (e.g., polynomial and power-law distributions) affect the properties of solitary waves. Furthermore, solitary waves with different particle size distributions were found to have greater mass, width, and velocity than dusty plasma with average dust particle size. Compared to a dusty plasma with an average particle size, the amplitude of solitary waves is smaller when the dust particle size distribution is considered.
Effect of phase separation on electron transport diagram in indium-tin-oxide system
Authors: Li Wannuo , Yang Qian , Zhang Shen , Cheng Yi , Chen Binjie , Ji Yanda , Zhang Long , Zhou Weiqiang , Liang Doudou , Li Shun , Zhang Jianming , Ge Zhenhua , Zhang Yuqiao
Published: February 2025

Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) have attracted significant attention due to their high electrical conductivity and optical transparency, which are crucial for modern optoelectronics. Among TCOs, indium tin oxide (ITO) stands out for its superior properties and wide range of applications. The performance of ITO is heavily influenced by the fabrication process and the level of tin oxide (SnO2) substitution. In this work, we systematically investigated the electron transport behavior of amorphous and crystalline ITO films as a function of SnO2 content. In amorphous films, stable electron transport was observed across the entire substitution range, owing to the homogeneous distribution of indium and tin. In contrast, crystalline films exhibited a transition from epitaxial to polycrystalline states due to lattice mismatch, leading to a significant decline in electron transport properties. By analyzing thermopower and resistivity variations through percolation theory, we identified phase separation between In2O3 and SnO2, confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and visualized through conductive atomic force microscopy. Our findings indicate that electron scattering at incoherent grain boundaries plays a dominant role in degrading the transport properties of crystalline ITO films. These insights are expected to guide future advancements in TCO-based materials and devices.
Experiment and numerical investigation of flow-induced noise reduction of the cutoff throttle valves in the air conditioning system
Authors: Zhang Kepeng , Wu Dazhuan , Wang Jianbiao , Xuan Lihua , He Yuchen , Song Yongxing
Published: February 2025

The cutoff throttle valve is a crucial control element in the air conditioning system, which modifies the flow cross section by altering the spool and valve body movement to achieve throttling. However, due to the intricate internal flow path structure and throttling effect of the holes, fluid pressure decreases rapidly at the throttling orifices, leading to cavitation. This results in violent refrigerant fluid impact and strong rheological vibration, generating significant noise that not only affects valve efficiency but also potentially shortens its service life. To address this issue, this paper investigates the flow characteristics of the cutoff throttle valve in depth. The findings reveal that an increase in inlet pressure leads to a corresponding rise in the maximum fluid velocity within the valve, which exacerbates cavitation at the throttling orifice and consequently elevates noise levels. To suppress cavitation-induced noise, an optimized structural design incorporating spiral guide vanes in the downstream pipeline of the valve is proposed. Comparative simulation analysis between the original and optimized models under identical working conditions demonstrates a reduction in maximum acoustic pressure level from 92.12to 77.08 dB. The experimental data indicate that, compared to the original model, the optimized model can achieve a reduction in sound pressure level values by up to 12.4%. In conclusion, for cutoff throttle valves prone to cavitation and flow noise components, it is essential to identify key factors triggering noise through in-depth study of their flow characteristics and implement effective optimization measures to achieve noise suppression, improve valve efficiency, and extend its service life.
Role of substrate surface roughness in the collision of molten Sn droplets with stainless-steel substrates
Authors: Wang Xiwushan , Yu Weiyuan , Wang Fengfeng , Wang Mingkang , Qiang Xiao
Published: February 2025

In engineering applications, including additive manufacturing, metal spraying, microcircuit printing, and intense ultraviolet lithography, regulating the adherence of molten droplets is crucial for decreasing material waste and simplifying cleaning operations. This work studies the impact dynamics of tin molten droplets on stainless-steel surfaces with varied roughness using high-speed microscopy, concentrating on how surface roughness affects wettability and droplet motion. Results reveal that surface roughness strongly impacts spreading, retraction, and bouncing behaviors, particularly during the retraction phase. Notably, droplets bounce exclusively on surfaces with roughness Sa = 0.58 μm, showing distinct dynamics, whereas other roughness levels show no bouncing. A predictive model, based on the Reynolds number, Weber number, and surface roughness coefficient, properly depicts the influence of roughness on the maximum spreading factor, with just 2.48% forecast variation. Energy study demonstrates that surface roughness predominantly regulates droplet behavior by altering adhesive energy, with modest impacts on kinetic and surface energies. By controlling wettability and adhesive energy, surface roughness offers precise control over droplet motion, enabling the fabrication of specialized surface structures to improve spreading, retraction, and bouncing for applications.
The mechanisms of drag reduction through bionic microstructures on fan blade surfaces
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yu Donghui , Li Guangchao , Zhao Changyu , Liu Zhaonian
Published: February 2025

This article proposes a passive flow control method for arranging bionic microstructures on the surface of fan blade based on the structural characteristics of shark shield scales. The mechanisms of drag reduction through bionic microstructure were analyzed by numerical simulation at a Mach number of 0.5 and angles of attack from −6° to 9°. The bionic microstructure effectively increases the binding ability of wall to the fluid and the viscous force. This resulted in a decrease in the velocity gradient within the boundary layer and an increase in the viscous sublayer's thickness, so the wall shear stress on the suction surface was diminished and the position of the separation point on the blade surface was delayed by 7.7% of the axial chord length in comparison with that of the smooth blades. The turbulent intensity in the fluid domain on the suction side was reduced by 17.2% within the cascade passage. The total pressure loss coefficients were decreased, respectively, by 14.3%, 17.9%, and 29.1% at angles of attack of 0°, 6°, and −9° compared to the smooth blades. The frictional drag was reduced by the bionic microstructure effectively, thereby enhancing the pressure expansion capability of the cascade. The static pressure coefficient was increased by 5.4% at the angle of attack of 0° and the angle of attack corresponding to the peak point varies from 3° to 6°. The cascade has a wider application range for the angle of attack.
Selective adsorption mechanism of a new combined collector on the surfaces of quartz and potassium feldspar
Authors: Li Caixia , Xu Yi , Dou Mingxuan , Liu Ruize , Li Yijing , Bai Yang , Sun Qianyu , Yin Wanzhong
Published: February 2025

This study presents a novel methodology for the separation of quartz and feldspar under neutral and weakly alkaline conditions. Ethyl-bis(dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide) (Gemini) is introduced as a new collector in the flotation process, combined with sodium oleate (NaOL) to enhance separation efficiency. The investigation focuses on the adsorption mechanism of these combined collectors on mineral surfaces. While the individual collectors, Gemini and NaOL, were ineffective in differentiating between quartz and feldspar, their combination resulted in significantly improved separation outcomes. Flotation tests indicated that at a pulp pH of 7, with Gemini and NaOL at concentrations of 12 × 10−5 mol l−1 and molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:2, the flotation recovery of quartz was 46.51% and 40.57% higher than that of potassium feldspar, respectively. Zeta potential measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses, and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the Gemini collector predominantly influences the flotation performance of quartz and feldspar. NaOL molecules do not directly adsorb onto the quartz surface; instead, they co-adsorb via electrostatic interactions with Gemini, which minimally affects the interaction dynamics. In contrast, NaOL preferentially adsorbs onto the aluminum, silicon, and other reactive sites on the feldspar surface through its –COO functional group, leading to competitive adsorption with Gemini and consequently diminishing Gemini’s effectiveness on feldspar. This study elucidates the selective separation mechanism of quartz and feldspar using Gemini and NaOL and aims to provide insights into employing combined collectors in diverse separation scenarios to enhance quartz quality.
Internal tidal mean flow in the upper circulation of a marginal sea
Authors: Yu Jinzhen , Fan Liming , Zhang Jinghua , Deng Fangjing , Wang Yanping , Jiang Wensheng , Zhang Jihong
Published: February 2025

Internal tides are significant in marginal seas, primarily focusing on dissipation-induced mixing; however, the mean flow from nonlinearity is less explored. Lagrangian mean flow driven by M2 internal tide was calculated in the upper South China Sea (SCS), with a magnitude of O(10−2) m/s. This mean flow constitutes roughly 10% of the circulation according to the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model, primarily distributed along the continental slope and basin margin, demonstrating significant nonlinearity and highlighting topographic influence on the mean flow generation. These findings suggest that internal tidal mean flow may significantly influence SCS circulation, warranting further study.
Transportation behaviors of double emulsion droplets under the influence of varied interfacial tensions
Authors: Wang Xiang , Sun Chao , Su Peng , Pang Yan , Liu Zhaomiao
Published: February 2025

The transportation behaviors and dynamic characteristics of double emulsion droplets in a Y-junction are experimentally investigated to explore the influence of the interfacial tension. Based on the breakup behaviors, three flow patterns are identified: non-breakup (NB), once breakup of the outer droplet (OB), and twice breakup of the outer droplet (TB). Compared to the single emulsions, the inner droplet leads to new flow patterns for the double emulsions due to the coupling effect between interfaces. The flow pattern map can be built using the normalized droplet length and the capillary number. With the aid of the quantitative expression of the transition thresholds using a power law relation, the transitions are further found to rely on the junction structure and the physical properties of the double emulsion. It is indicated that the dynamic characteristics of double emulsions are shaped jointly by multiple controlling parameters, such as the droplet length, the capillary number, and the junction structure. A force model is proposed to estimate the quantitative evolutions of the working forces in different flow patterns. The evolution of the droplet morphology is consistent with the forces acting on it, and the prerequisite condition for the droplet breakup is confirmed to depend on the competition between the sum of the driving forces and the sum of the interfacial tensions. The variation of the transition thresholds in different liquid systems is further analyzed, which may provide useful methods to manipulate the double emulsions by changing the physical properties.
Charge transfer in transition metal dichalcogenide alloy heterostructures
Authors: Ren Fangying , He Dawei , Zhang Xiaoxian , Li Guili , Liu Xiaojing , Wang Jiarong , Zhao Kun , He Jiaqi , Wang Yongsheng , Zhao Hui
Published: February 2025

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides and their alloys provide a unique platform for exploring interlayer charge transfer in van der Waals heterostructures. These structures are crucial for advancing the next-generation electronic, optoelectronic, and quantum devices. In this study, interlayer charge transfer in heterostructures composed of MoSe2, MoS2, and their alloy, MoSSe, is investigated using transient absorption, Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The experimental results reveal that electron transfer in the alloy heterostructures, MoSSe/MoS2 and MoSe2/MoSSe, is faster than in the pure MoSe2/MoS2 heterostructure, despite the smaller conduction band offsets of the alloy systems. Raman spectroscopy confirms that alloy layers support phonon modes matching those of the pure layers, aligning with theoretical models of phonon-assisted interlayer charge transfer. Additionally, efficient hole transfer is observed in both alloy heterostructures. The findings suggest transition metal dichalcogenides alloys can be used for engineering heterostructures with desired charge transfer properties. By leveraging compositionally tunable band gaps and optical properties, alloy-based heterostructures offer opportunities for designing tailored materials suitable for diverse applications such as photodetectors, light-emitting devices, and flexible electronics. Moreover, the ultrafast charge transfer observed in these systems provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms governing interlayer interactions in 2D materials.
Multi-scale fluid-induced vibration characteristics of centrifugal pump based on fluid–structure interaction method
Authors: Zhou Wenjie , Ma Ji , Ma Zhenlai , Yu Wanbo , Gao Bo
Published: February 2025

Fluid-induced vibration (FIV) is a key factor in low-frequency vibration of centrifugal pumps. This study focuses on a vertical low-specific-speed centrifugal pump and adopts an excitation source-transmission path-vibration response framework to better predict the FIV. The inner characteristics of the entire flow field were investigated based on fluid–structure interaction. The relative errors between the experimental and simulated results are 2.26% and 1.01% for efficiency and head at design point, respectively. In addition, the fluid-induced excitation and vibration characteristics of the centrifugal pump were further explored from the point of view of vibration transmission in pump unit. The results indicate that the blade passing frequency fBPF is the primary frequency governing the pressure pulsations and vibration characteristics of the centrifugal pump. The total vibration acceleration levels (TVALs) at various locations of the centrifugal pump increase with the flow rate. In the low-frequency range, the TVAL at the vibration absorber reaches its maximum at 108 dB, while the TVAL at the inlet flange is the lowest at 88 dB.
Modified Herschel–Bulkley–Papanastasiou model considering particle size distribution to debris flow rheological properties
Authors: Ma Tianxing , Luo Rui , Shen Liangxu , Ye Bingfeng , Wang Xu , Sun Hongyue
Published: February 2025

Debris flow, a typical non-Newtonian fluid, exhibits rheological behavior significantly influenced by particle size distribution. Traditional rheological models often struggle with applicability and predictive accuracy in complex particle systems. This study proposes a modified Herschel–Bulkley–Papanastasiou (HBP) model, incorporating particle size distribution parameters to dynamically adjust yield stress and shear viscosity, enhancing its accuracy in describing debris flow behavior under varying particle gradations. The model distinguishes the roles of fine and coarse particles: fine particles reduce shear resistance through lubrication effects, while coarse particles enhance yield stress and viscosity via interlocking effects. To validate the model, a series of rheological experiments were conducted on 14 particle gradation conditions. Results showed the modified HBP model achieved fitting coefficients between 0.933 and 0.990, significantly outperforming traditional models and demonstrating superior adaptability across different particle distributions. The model was further integrated into the OpenFOAM framework for three-dimensional simulations of a flume experiment. These simulations considered wall friction and dynamic free surface changes. Comparative analysis with physical experiments revealed the modified HBP model accurately captured debris flow behavior, free surface dynamics, and pressure field distributions under varying channel bed conditions. In summary, the modified HBP model overcomes limitations of traditional models by incorporating particle size distribution parameters, offering a more precise and versatile framework for debris flow rheology. This work provides a robust theoretical and numerical tool for advancing the prediction and mitigation of debris flow in engineering applications.
Rapid and sensitive detection of
Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp.
cubense
tropical race 4 using a RPA-DETECTR assay
Authors: Venkatesh Jelli , Jankowicz-Cieslak Joanna , Mduma Hassan , Matijevic Mirta , Ali Adel , Balbin Isabel Cristina Calle , Soto-Suárez Mauricio , Zorrilla Cinthya , Bhatnagar-Mathur Pooja
Published: February 2025

Early and prompt detection of banana wilt pathogen
Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp.
cubense
(Foc), tropical race 4 (Foc TR4), causing significant banana crop losses globally is crucial to curtail the disease spread, minimize damage and implement quarantine measures. We report the first successfully developed DNA Endonuclease Targeted CRISPR Trans Reporter (DETECTR) assay with high sensitivity and specificity for detecting Foc TR4, which has been validated across several isolates. Notably, specific CRISPR RNA (crRNA) spacer sequences and recombinant polymerase amplification (RPA) primers designed and evaluated for the DETECTR assay exhibited high sensitivity, detecting Foc TR4 with genomic DNA as low as 0.005 ng, and demonstrated a very high specificity and reproducibility. The RPA-DETECTR assay was validated on a diverse panel of banana samples, including both target and non-target pathogens confirming its robustness and reliability across different types of samples, ensuring its practical applicability. In terms of throughput, the RPA-DETECTR assays enabled faster detection of Foc TR4 than other molecular diagnostics including PCR, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) analyses. This makes the assay suitable for point-of-care (POC) detection of Foc TR4, and facilitating rapid decision making and immediate response. This rapid detection capability is crucial in restricting any potential transboundary movement as part of ongoing disease management efforts.
A multi-source domain adaption intelligent fault diagnosis method based on asymmetric adversarial training
Authors: Yang Dan , Ma Tianyu , Li Zhipeng
Published: February 2025

To enhance the cross-domain diagnostic ability of the model, domain adaptation method is adopted. When using traditional domain adaption methods to extract domain invariant characteristics of axial flow fan faults, the characteristics of the source and target domains will be close to each other, thereby the distribution of trained source domain characteristics will be changed. When the fault characteristics of the source domain gather at the classification boundary, the trained model will incorrectly classify some target samples. In addition, single source domain adaptation can lead to poor model generalization ability. To resolve the above issues, a multi-source domain adaption intelligent fault diagnosis method based on asymmetric adversarial training is proposed. In this method, the asymmetric adversarial training method is used to realize unidirectional movement of fault characteristics from the target domain to the source domain; triplet-center loss is used to expand the inter-class distance and shorten the intra-class distance of fault characteristics in the source domain; domain invariant characteristics are extracted from different source and target domains, and they are inputted to their respective fault classifiers, then aligning the outputs of each classifier using cosine similarity. To improve the cross-domain diagnostic ability of the model, a strategy of aligning weights is adopted. The industrial actual data verification results indicate that this method is effective in solving relevant practical industrial problems.