bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stanley Kubrick : le corps et l’esprit. Volonté de puissance et Mètis dans l’œuvre du cinéaste
Authors: Azulys Sam
Published: December 2019

Selon Gilles Deleuze, le cinéma de Kubrick est un « cinéma du cerveau » (Gilles Deleuze, L’Image-temps. Cinéma 2, Minuit, Paris, 1985, p. 267-268) plutôt qu’un cinéma du corps, c’est-à-dire un cinéma où c’est d’abord et avant tout « le cerveau qui est mis en scène » (ibid). Penser les rapports entre le corps et l’esprit dans le cinéma de Kubrick nous paraît être un enjeu d’autant plus fondamental que son cinéma a longtemps été envisagé comme un « monde-cerveau » façonné par un démiurge perfectionniste jusqu’à l’obsession. Le « monde-cerveau » – autre expression deleuzienne – de Kubrick semble pourtant toujours menacé par une entropie galopante qui, dans la plupart des cas, le fait, in fine, basculer dans le chaos.Cependant, même si Kubrick adopte effectivement l’approche distanciée et analytique d’un diagnosticien soucieux de mettre au jour l’irrationalité pathologique d’un monde occidental en déroute, il nous semble accorder un profond intérêt à la question du corps. C’est pourquoi l’idée deleuzienne selon laquelle, dans l’œuvre de Kubrick, les attitudes du corps dépendent toujours du cerveau mérite, selon nous, d’être discutée. En effet, une approche dualiste et finalement réductrice ne semble pas rendre justice à la complexité des rapports qu’entretiennent le corps et l’esprit dans le cinéma de Kubrick.Nous tenterons de montrer que le cinéaste, loin de s’en tenir à « l’identité du monde et du cerveau » comme le suggère Deleuze, propose une physiologie du sujet-vivant qui n’est pas si éloignée de l’approche nietzschéenne. Ainsi, lorsque les forces vitales se sont amenuisées, le néant de volonté peut se transformer en volonté de néant, c’est-à-dire en une volonté de puissance dévoyée, comme c’est par exemple le cas dans Docteur Folamour ou Orange Mécanique. Or, cette volonté de puissance est si débridée que même le nihilisme technologique triomphant ne parvient pas à la canaliser.Dans l’œuvre du cinéaste, c’est donc en réalité le corps qui tient en échec le cerveau. Loin de nous proposer une vision pessimiste et dualiste de l’existence, Stanley Kubrick interroge le rapport du corps et de l’esprit pour réexaminer nos valeurs humanistes à la lumière des mutations technologiques et revaloriser la Mètis, cette intelligence pragmatique liée à la faculté d’improviser que les anciens Grecs identifiaient à la ruse et qui suppose l’existence d’une étroite connivence entre le corps et l’esprit.
T Cells Produce IFN-α in the TREX1 D18N Model of Lupus-like Autoimmunity
Authors: Simpson Sean R. , Rego Stephen L. , Harvey Scott E. , Liu Mingyong , Hemphill Wayne O. , Venkatadri Rajkumar , Sharma Rahul , Grayson Jason M. , Perrino Fred W.
Published: December 2019

Autoimmunity can result when cells fail to properly dispose of DNA. Mutations in the three-prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) cause a spectrum of human autoimmune diseases resembling systemic lupus erythematosus. The cytosolic dsDNA sensor, cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS), and the stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are required for pathogenesis, but specific cells in which DNA sensing and subsequent type I IFN (IFN-I) production occur remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that TREX1 D18N catalytic deficiency causes dysregulated IFN-I signaling and autoimmunity in mice. Moreover, we show that bone marrow–derived cells drive this process. We identify both innate immune and, surprisingly, activated T cells as sources of pathological IFN-α production. These findings demonstrate that TREX1 enzymatic activity is crucial to prevent inappropriate DNA sensing and IFN-I production in immune cells, including normally low-level IFN-α–producing cells. These results expand our understanding of DNA sensing and innate immunity in T cells and may have relevance to the pathogenesis of human disease caused by TREX1 mutation.
The Kargopol type ceramics – the first pottery of the northern part of the East European Plain|
Authors: Kashina Ekaterina , Petrova Nataliya Yu.
Published: December 2019

The small group of early ceramics was found between the 1930s and 1990s, but was previously underestimated as a source that points directly to the origins of ceramic production in the boreal forest zone c. 5500–5000 BC. The Kargopol type ceramics demonstrate very archaic technological traits: a straight rim with round holes below the rim and clay paste with sand temper. This type of ceramics had a wide distribution and was made uniformly, at least concerning vessel capacities and basic decoration patterns, probably reflecting the birch bark vessel features. We recognize this phenomenon as key to understand how the process of ceramic production emerged in the zone of Russian boreal forest.
Neolithic and Copper Age settlement dynamics in the Western Carpathian Basin and Eastern Alps
Authors: Mlekuž Vrhovnik Dimitrij
Published: December 2019

The paper tackles the spatio-temporal patterns of Neolithic and Copper Age settlement dynamics in the Western Carpathian Basin and Eastern Alps with spatially explicit use of radiocarbon dates. It focuses on the spatial process of spread, movement, aggregation and segregation in the time frame between 8500 and 5000 cal BP. The distribution of Neolithic and Copper Age sites in the study area is clustered and patchy. The first Neolithic settlements appear as isolated islands or enclaves which then slowly expand to fill neighbouring regions. After 6300 cal BP the study area experienced a significant reduction in the extent of settlement systems, associated with the Late Neolithic to Copper Age transition.
Use-wear experimental studies for differentiating flint tools processing bamboo from wood
Authors: Liu Jiying , Chen Hong , Shen Yiming
Published: December 2019

Bamboo is widespread in south China and is one of the major organic resources in daily use through history due to its similar potential use value as wood. Due to the unfavourable preservation conditions and taphonomic alteration, the rare discovery of well-preserved organic remains from Palaeolithic sites means there is a lack of direct studies on the technology and behaviour of early prehistoric humans. Use-wear analysis has been proved as a reliable method to detect evidence left by working wood and bamboo on stone artefacts. This study aims to provide an experimental reference of use-wear features and patterns to identify and interpret the exploration of bamboo and wood resources in prehistory. In this experiment, 12 flint flakes were selected for processing bamboo stems and pine branches with working motions of whittling, sawing, and chopping. The results show that the use-wear features, including edge scarring, edge rounding, and polish, of bamboo-working and wood-working are distinctive. Edge scarring is closely related to the working motion, and moderate bright to very bright polish is a significant feature associated with bamboo-working. It is possible to distinguish wear traces caused by bamboo-working from those by wood-processing througha combination of low-power and high-power techniques under a 3D digital microscope.
Impressed Ware blade production of Northern Dalmatia (Eastern Adriatic, Croatia) in the context of Neolithisation
Authors: Kačar Sonja
Published: December 2019

The lithic assemblages from the principal early Neolithic sites in Northern Dalmatia have been analysed with respect to the technological aspects and principles of schéma and chaîne opératoire, débitage economy and raw material economy. Northern Dalmatia, the most fertile region of the Eastern Adriatic, hosts the most important Neolithic open-air sites. Early Neolithic is associated with the Impressed Ware culture and dates back to c. 6000–5400 cal BC. The Early Neolithic lithic assemblages are characterized by the pressure blade production techniques on high-quality Gargano cherts reflecting important socio-economic and technical mutations that are specific to the Neolithic. Moreover, the almost exclusive reliance on these exogenous cherts emphasizes the social aspects of such networks and reinforces the idea of cultural uniformity of Dalmatian and Apulian Impressed Ware.
Long and short revolutions towards the Neolithic in western Anatolia and Aegean
Authors: Horejs Barbara
Published: December 2019

This paper provides an overview of our current knowledge about the transformation towards the Neolithic in western Anatolia and the Aegean, and offers a narrative for their interpretation. Within the longue durée perspective of the long revolution in the Near East, the first millennia of the Holocene of the Aegean and western Anatolia are contrasted with each other. Economic strategies, environmental conditions, technologies, raw material procurement and cultural practices in the Aegean Mesolithic and the Pre-Neolithic times in western Anatolia are analysed to classify potential similarities and differences. The evidence of new cultural and symbolic practices, eco-nomies, and technologies in the seventh millennium is discussed as the paradox of a short revolu-tion embedded in a long-term process of interaction, knowledge-transfer and adaptation, setting the scene for the Neolithic pioneers establishing a new social life.
The development of Neolithic pottery technology in Eastern Jazira and the Zagros Mountains
Authors: Petrova Nataliya Yu.
Published: December 2019

The origins of pottery technology in Eastern Jazira and the Zagros Mountains can be seen as a process of several stages, from unfired clay and plaster vessels to the fully ceramic technologies of the Proto-Hassuna period. This paper reviews this process and presents a technological analysis of Proto-Hassuna ceramics to investigate the relationships between the pottery traditions at sites in Eastern Jazira and the western part of the Zagros Mountains.
Evidence of the complexity of aerosol transport in the lower troposphere on the Namibian coast during AEROCLO-sA
Authors: Chazette Patrick , Flamant Cyrille , Totems Julien , Gaetani Marco , Smith Gwendoline , Baron Alexandre , Landsheere Xavier , Desboeufs Karine , Doussin Jean-François , Formenti Paola
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The evolution of the vertical distribution and optical
properties of aerosols in the free troposphere, above stratocumulus, is
characterized for the first time over the Namibian coast, a region where
uncertainties on aerosol–cloud coupling in climate simulations are
significant. We show the high variability of atmospheric aerosol composition
in the lower and middle troposphere during the Aerosols, Radiation and Clouds in southern Africa
(AEROCLO-sA) field campaign
(22 August–12 September 2017) around the Henties Bay supersite using a
combination of ground-based, airborne and space-borne lidar measurements.
Three distinct periods of 4 to 7 d are observed, associated with
increasing aerosol loads (aerosol optical thickness at 550 nm ranging from
∼0.2 to ∼0.7), as well as increasing lofted
aerosol layer depth and top altitude. Aerosols are observed up to 6 km above
mean sea level during the later period. Aerosols transported within the free
troposphere are mainly polluted dust (predominantly dust mixed with smoke
from fires) for the first two periods (22 August–1 September 2017) and smoke
for the last part (3–9 September) of the field campaign. As shown by
Lagrangian back-trajectory analyses, the main contribution to the aerosol
optical thickness over Henties Bay is shown to be due to biomass burning
over Angola. Nevertheless, in early September, the highest aerosol layers
(between 5 and 6 km above mean sea level) seem to come from South America
(southern Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay) and reach Henties Bay after 3 to
6 d. Aerosols appear to be transported eastward by the midlatitude
westerlies and towards southern Africa by the equatorward moving cut-off low
originating from within the westerlies. All the observations show a very
complex mixture of aerosols over the coastal regions of Namibia that must be
taken into account when investigating aerosol radiative effects above
stratocumulus clouds in the southeast Atlantic Ocean.
Small-scale variability of stratospheric ozone during the SSW 2018/2019 observed at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard
Authors: Schranz Franziska , Hagen Jonas , Stober Gunter , Hocke Klemens , Murk Axel , Kämpfer Niklaus
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Middle atmospheric ozone, water vapour and zonal and meridional wind profiles have been measured with the two ground-based microwave radiometers GROMOS-C and MIAWARA-C. The instruments are located at the Arctic research base AWIPEV at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (79° N, 12° E) since September 2015. GROMOS-C measures ozone spectra in the four cardinal directions with an elevation angle of 22°. This means that the probed airmasses at an altitude of 3 hPa (37 km) have a horizontal distance of 92 km to Ny-Ålesund. We retrieve four separate ozone profiles along the lines of sight and calculate daily mean horizontal ozone gradients which allow us to investigate the small-scale spatial variability of ozone above Ny-Ålesund. In winter 2018/2019 a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) took place with the central date at 2 January. We present the ozone, water vapour and wind measurements of the winter 2018/2019 and discuss the signatures of the SSW in a global context. We further present the evolution of the ozone gradients at Ny-Ålesund and link it to the planetary wave activity. At 3 hPa we find a distinct seasonal variation of the ozone gradients. In October and March a strong polar vortex leads to ozone decreases towards the pole. In November the amplitudes of the planetary waves grow until they break in the end of December and an SSW takes place. From November until February the ozone gradients mostly point to higher latitudes and the magnitude is smaller than in October and March. We attribute this to the planetary wave activity of wave number 1 and 2 which enabled meridional transport. The MERRA-2 reanalysis and the SD-WACCM model are able to capture the small-scale ozone variability and its seasonal changes.
Applying the Dark Target aerosol algorithm with Advanced Himawari Imager observations during the KORUS-AQ field campaign
Authors: Gupta Pawan , Levy Robert C. , Mattoo Shana , Remer Lorraine A. , Holz Robert E. , Heidinger Andrew K.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. For nearly 2 decades we have been quantitatively observing the Earth's
aerosol system from space at one or two times of the day by applying the
Dark Target family of algorithms to polar-orbiting satellite sensors,
particularly MODIS and VIIRS. With the launch of the Advanced Himawari
Imager (AHI) and the Advanced Baseline Imagers (ABIs) into geosynchronous
orbits, we have the new ability to expand temporal coverage of the
traditional aerosol optical depth (AOD) to resolve the diurnal signature of
aerosol loading during daylight hours. The Korean–United States Air
Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign taking place in and around the Korean peninsula
during May–June 2016 initiated a special processing of full-disk AHI
observations that allowed us to make a preliminary adoption of Dark Target
aerosol algorithms to the wavelengths and resolutions of AHI. Here, we
describe the adaptation and show retrieval results from AHI for this
2-month period. The AHI-retrieved AOD is collocated in time and space with
existing AErosol RObotic NETwork stations across Asia and with collocated
Terra and Aqua MODIS retrievals. The new AHI AOD product matches AERONET,
and the standard MODIS product does as well, and the agreement between AHI
and MODIS retrieved AOD is excellent, as can be expected by maintaining
consistency in algorithm architecture and most algorithm assumptions.
Furthermore, we show that the new product approximates the AERONET-observed
diurnal signature. Examining the diurnal patterns of the new AHI AOD product
we find specific areas over land where the diurnal signal is spatially
cohesive. For example, in Bangladesh the AOD increases by 0.50 from morning
to evening, and in northeast China the AOD decreases by 0.25. However, over
open ocean the observed diurnal cycle is driven by two artifacts, one
associated with solar zenith angles greater than 70∘ that may be caused
by a radiative transfer model that does not properly represent the spherical
Earth and the other artifact associated with the fringes of the 40∘ glint angle mask. This opportunity during KORUS-AQ provides encouragement to
move towards an operational Dark Target algorithm for AHI. Future work will
need to re-examine masking including snow mask, re-evaluate assumed aerosol
models for geosynchronous geometry, address the artifacts over the ocean, and
investigate size parameter retrieval from the over-ocean algorithm.
Gradient Boosting Machine Learning to Improve Satellite-Derived Column Water Vapor Measurement Error
Authors: Just Allan C. , Liu Yang , Sorek-Hamer Meytar , Rush Johnathan , Dorman Michael , Chatfield Robert , Wang Yujie , Lyapustin Alexei , Kloog Itai
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The atmospheric products of the Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm include column water vapor (CWV) at 1 km resolution, derived from daily overpasses of NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments aboard the Aqua and Terra satellites. We have recently shown that machine learning using extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) can improve the estimation of MAIAC aerosol optical depth (AOD). Although MAIAC CWV is generally well validated (Pearson’s R > 0.97 versus CWV from AERONET sun photometers), it has not yet been assessed whether machine-learning approaches can further improve CWV. Using a novel spatiotemporal cross-validation approach to avoid overfitting, our XGBoost model with nine features derived from land use terms, date, and ancillary variables from the MAIAC retrieval, quantifies and can correct a substantial portion of measurement error relative to collocated measures at AERONET sites (26.9 % and 16.5 % decrease in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for Terra and Aqua datasets, respectively) in the Northeastern USA, 2000–2015. We use machine-learning interpretation tools to illustrate complex patterns of measurement error and describe a positive bias in MAIAC Terra CWV worsening in recent summertime conditions. We validate our predictive model on MAIAC CWV estimates at independent stations from the SuomiNet GPS network where our corrections decrease the RMSE by 19.7 % and 9.5 % for Terra and Aqua MAIAC CWV. Empirically correcting for measurement error with machine-learning algorithms is a post-processing opportunity to improve satellite-derived CWV data for Earth science and remote sensing applications.
Long-term reliability of the Figaro TGS 2600 solid-state methane
sensor under low Arctic conditions at Toolik lake, Alaska
Authors: Eugster Werner , Laundre James , Eugster Jon , Kling George W.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The TGS 2600 was the first low-cost solid state sensor that shows a weak response to ambient levels of CH4 (e.g., range ≈1.8–2.7 ppm). Here we present an empirical function to correct the TGS 2600 signal for temperature and (absolute) humidity effects and address the long-term reliability of two identical sensors deployed from 2012 to 2018. We assess the performance of the sensors at 30-minute resolution and aggregated to weekly medians. Over the entire period the agreement between TGS-derived and reference CH4 concentrations measured by a high-precision Los Gatos Research instrument was R2 = 0.42, with better results during summer (R2 = 0.65 in summer 2012). Using absolute instead of relative humidity for the correction of the TGS 2600 sensor signals reduced the typical deviation from the reference to less than ±0.1 ppm over the full range of temperatures from −41 °C to 27 °C. At weekly resolution the two sensors showed a downward drift of signal voltages indicating that after 10–13 years a TGS 2600 may have reached its end of life. While the true trend in CH4 concentrations measured by the high-quality reference instrument was 10.1 ppb yr−1 (2012–2018), part of the downward trend in sensor signal (ca. 40–60 %) may be due to the increase in CH4 concentration, because the sensor voltage decreases with increasing CH4 concentration. Weekly median diel cycles tend to agree surprisingly well between the TGS 2600 and reference measurements during the snow-free season, but in winter the agreement is lower. We suggest developing separate functions for deducing CH4 concentrations from TGS 2600 measurements under cold and warm conditions. We conclude that the TGS 2600 sensor can provide data of research-grade quality if it is adequately calibrated and placed in a suitable environment where cross-sensitivities to gases other than CH4 is of no concern.
Optimised degradation correction for SCIAMACHY satellite solar measurements from 330 to 1600 nm by using its internal white light source
Authors: Hilbig Tina , Bramstedt Klaus , Weber Mark , Burrows John P. , Krijger Matthijs
Published: December 2019

Abstract. SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY) on-board the European Environmental Satellite (Envisat) provided spectrally resolved measurements in the wavelength range from 0.24 to 2.4 μm by looking into the Earth’s atmosphere using different viewing geometries (limb, nadir, solar and lunar occultation). These observations were used to derive a multitude of parameters, in particular atmospheric trace gas amounts. In addition to radiance measurements solar spectral irradiances (SSI) were measured on a daily basis. The instrument was operating for nearly a decade, from August 2002 to April 2012. Due to the harsh space environment, it suffered from continuous optical degradation. As part of recent radiometric calibration activities an optical (physical) model was introduced that describes the behaviour of the scanner unit of SCIAMACHY with time (Krijger et al., 2014). This model approach accounts for optical degradation by assuming contamination layers on optical surfaces in the scanner unit. The variation of layer thicknesses of the various optical components is determined from the combination of solar measurements from different monitoring light paths available for SCIAMACHY. In this paper, we present an optimisation of this degradation correction approach, which in particular improves the solar spectral data. An essential part of the modification is the use of measurements from SCIAMACHY’s internal white light source (WLS) in combination with direct solar measurements. The WLS, as an independent light source, gives, therefore, an opportunity to better separate instrument variations and natural solar variability. However, the WLS emission depends on its burning time and is changing with time as well. To use these measurements in the optimised degradation correction, the change of the WLS emission in space needs to be characterised first. The changes of the WLS with accumulated burning time are in good agreement with detailed laboratory lamp studies by Sperling et al. (1996). Although the optimised degradation corrected SCIAMACHY SSI show still some instrumental issues when compared to SSI measurements from other instruments and model reconstructions, our study demonstrates the potential for the use of an internal WLS for degradation monitoring.
Unsupervised classification of snowflake images using a generative adversarial network and K-medoids classification
Authors: Leinonen Jussi , Berne Alexis
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The increasing availability of sensors imaging cloud and precipitation particles, like the Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC), has resulted in datasets comprising millions of images of falling snowflakes. Automated classification is required for effective analysis of such large datasets. While supervised classification methods have been developed for this purpose in the recent years, their ability to generalize is limited by the representativeness of their labeled training datasets, which are affected by the subjective judgment of the expert and require significant manual effort to derive. An alternative is unsupervised classification, which seeks to divide a dataset into distinct classes without expert-provided labels. In this study, we introduce an unsupervised classification scheme based on a generative adversarial network (GAN) that learns to extract the key features from the images. Each image is then associated with a distribution of points in the feature space, and these distributions are used as the basis of K-medoids classification and hierarchical clustering. We find that the classification scheme is able to separate the dataset into distinct classes, each characterized by a particular size, shape and texture of the snowflake image, providing signatures of the microphysical properties of the snowflakes. This finding is supported by a comparison of the results to an existing supervised scheme. Although training the GAN is computationally intensive, the classification process proceeds directly from images to classes with minimal human intervention and therefore can be repeated for other MASC datasets with minor manual effort. As the algorithm is not specific to snowflakes, we also expect this approach to be relevant to other applications.
Shipborne MAX-DOAS measurements for validation of TROPOMI NO2 products
Authors: Wang Ping , Piters Ankie , van Geffen Jos , Tuinder Olaf , Stammes Piet , Kinne Stefan
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Tropospheric NO2 and stratospheric NO2 vertical columns are important TROPOMI data products. In order to validate the TROPOMI NO2 products, KNMI MAX-DOAS instruments have measured NO2 on ship cruises over the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. The MAX-DOAS instruments have participated in five cruises on-board R.V. Sonne (in 2017 and 2019) and R.V. Maria S. Merian (in 2018). The MAX-DOAS measurements were acquired in 7 months and spanned about 300° in longitude and 90° in latitude. During the cruises there were also aerosol measurements from Microtops sun-photometers. The MAX-DOAS measured stratospheric NO2 columns between 1.5 × 1015 and 3.5 × 1015 molec cm-2, and tropospheric NO2 up to 0.6 × 1015 molec cm-2. The MAX-DOAS stratospheric NO2 vertical columns have been compared with TROPOMI stratospheric NO2 vertical columns and the stratospheric NO2 vertical columns simulated by TM5-MP model. Good correlation is found between the MAX-DOAS and TROPOMI and TM5 stratospheric NO2 vertical columns, with a correlation coefficient of 0.93 or larger. The TROPOMI and TM5 stratospheric NO2 vertical columns are about 0.4 × 1015 molec cm-2 higher than the MAX-DOAS measurements. The TROPOMI tropospheric NO2 has also good agreement with the MAX-DOAS measurements. The tropospheric NO2 vertical columns is as low as 0.5 × 1015 molec cm-2 over remote oceans.
Semiannual variation of Pc5 ULF waves and relativistic electrons over two solar cycles of observations: comparison with predictions of the classical hypotheses
Authors: Poblet Facundo L. , Azpilicueta Francisco , Lam Hing-Lan
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Pc5 ULF (ultra-low frequency) waves can energize electrons to relativistic energies of > 2 MeV in geostationary orbits. Enhanced fluxes of such electrons can induce operational anomalies in geostationary satellites. The variations of the two quantities in time scales ranging from days to solar cycles are thus of interest in gauging their space weather effects over different time frames. In this study, we present a statistical analysis of two 11-year solar cycles (Cycle 22 and 23) of data comprising the daily relativistic electron fluence observed by GOES geostationary satellites and daily Pc5 power derived from auroral zone magnetic observatories in Canada. Firstly, an autocorrelation analysis is carried out, which indicates 27-day periodicity in both parameters for all solar phases, and such a periodicity is most pronounced in the declining and late-declining phase. Also, a 9-day and 13-day periodicity, though not present in all the years, are seen in some years. Then, a superposed epoch analysis is performed to scrutinize Semiannual Variation (SAV), which shows fluence near the equinoxes is one order of magnitude higher than near solstices and Pc5 power is 0.5 orders of magnitude higher near the equinoxes than near the solstices. We then evaluate three possible SAV mechanisms (which are based on the Axial, Equinoctial, and Russel & McPherron effect) to determine which one can best explain the observations. Correlation of the profiles of the observational curves with those of the angles that control each of the SAV mechanisms suggests that the Equinoctial mechanism may be responsible for the SAV of electron fluence while both the Equinoctial and the Russell & McPherron mechanisms are important for the SAV of Pc5 power. Comparable results are obtained when using functional dependencies of the main angles instead of the angles mentioned above. Lastly, superposed curves of fluence and Pc5 power were used to calculate least-square fits with a fixed semiannual period. Comparison of maxima and minima of the fits with those predicted by the three mechanisms shows that the Equinoctial effect better estimates the maxima and minima of the SAV in fluence while for the SAV in Pc5 power the Equinoctial and Russell & McPherron mechanisms predict one maximum and one minimum each.
Oxygen isotope composition of waters recorded in carbonates in strong clumped and oxygen isotopic disequilibrium
Authors: Thaler Caroline , Katz Amandine , Bonifacie Magali , Ménez Bénédicte , Ader Magali
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions, which are mainly retrieved from oxygen isotope (δ18O) and clumped isotope (Δ47) compositions of carbonate minerals, are compromised when carbonate crystallization occurs in isotopic disequilibrium. To date, knowledge of these common isotopic disequilibria, known as vital effects in biogenic carbonates, remains limited and the potential information recorded by δ18O and Δ47 offsets from isotopic equilibrium values is largely overlooked. Additionally, in carbonates formed in isotopic equilibrium, the use of the carbonate δ18O signature as a paleothermometer relies on our knowledge of the paleowaters' δ18O value, which is often assumed. Here, we report the largest Δ47 offsets observed to date (as much as −0.270 ‰), measured on microbial carbonates, that are strongly linked to carbonate δ18O offsets (−25 ‰) from equilibrium. These offsets are likely both related to the microorganism metabolic activity and yield identical erroneous temperature reconstructions. Unexpectedly, we show that the δ18O value of the water in which carbonates precipitated, as well as the water-carbonate δ18O fractionation dependence to temperature at equilibrium can be retrieved from these paired δ18O and Δ47 disequilibrium values measured in carbonates. The possibility to retrieve the δ18O value of paleowaters, sediments' interstitial waters or organisms' body water at the carbonate precipitation loci, even from carbonates formed in isotopic disequilibrium, opens long-awaited research avenues for both paleoenvironmental reconstructions and biomineralization studies.
Cloud_cci ATSR-2 and AATSR dataset version 3: a 17-yearclimatology of global cloud and radiation properties
Authors: Poulsen Caroline A. , Mcgarragh Gregory R. , Thomas Gareth E. , Stengel Martin , Christiensen Matthew W. , Povey Adam C. , Proud Simon R. , Carboni Elisa , Hollmann Rainer , Grainger Roy G.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We present version 3 (V3) of the Cloud_cci ATSR-2/AATSR dataset. The dataset was created for the European Space Agency (ESA) Cloud_cci (Climate Change Initiative) program. The cloud properties were retrieved from the second Along- Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR-2) on board the second European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS-2) spanning 1995–2003 and the Advanced ATSR (AATSR) on board Envisat, which spanned 2002–2012. The data comprises a comprehensive set of cloud properties: cloud top height, temperature, pressure, spectral albedo, cloud effective emissivity, effective radius and optical thickness alongside derived liquid and ice water path. Each retrieval is provided with its associated uncertainty. The cloud property retrievals are accompanied by high-resolution top and bottom-of-atmosphere short- and long-wave fluxes that have been derived from the retrieved cloud properties using a radiative transfer model. The fluxes were generated for all-sky and clear-sky conditions. V3 differs from the previous version 2 (V2) through development of the retrieval algorithm and attention to the consistency between the ATSR-2 and AATSR instruments. The cloud properties show improved accuracy in validation and better consistency between the two instruments, as demonstrated by a comparison of cloud mask and cloud height with collocated CALIPSO data. The cloud masking has improved significantly, particularly the ability to detect clear pixels The Kuiper Skill score has increased from .49 to .66. The cloud top height accuracy is relatively unchanged. The AATSR liquid water path was compared with the Multisensor Advanced Climatology of Liquid Water Path (MAC-LWP) in regions of stratocumulous cloud and shown to have very good agreement and improved consistency between ATSR-2 and AATSR instruments, the Correlation with MAC-LWP increase from .4 to over .8 for these cloud regions. The flux products are compared with NASA Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data, showing good agreement within the uncertainty. The new dataset is well suited to a wide range of climate applications, such as comparison with climate models, investigation of trends in cloud properties, understanding aerosol-cloud interactions, and providing contextual information for collocated ATSR-2/AATSR surface temperature and aerosol products. For the Cloud_cci ATSR-2/AATSRv3 dataset a new digital identifier has been issued: https://doi.org/10.5676/DWD/ESA_Cloud_cci/ATSR2-AATSR/V003 Poulsen et al. (2019).
Algorithmic differentiation for cloud schemes (IFS Cy43r3) using CoDiPack (v1.8.1)
Authors: Baumgartner Manuel , Sagebaum Max , Gauger Nicolas R. , Spichtinger Peter , Brinkmann André
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Numerical models in atmospheric sciences not only need to approximate the
flow equations on a suitable computational grid, they also need to include subgrid
effects of many
non-resolved physical processes. Among others, the formation and evolution of
cloud particles is
an example of such subgrid processes. Moreover, to date there is no universal
mathematical description of a cloud, hence many cloud schemes have been proposed and
these schemes typically contain several uncertain parameters.
In this study, we propose the use
of algorithmic differentiation (AD) as a method to identify parameters
within the cloud scheme,
to which the output of the cloud scheme is most sensitive.
We illustrate the methodology
by analyzing a scheme for liquid clouds, incorporated into a parcel model framework.
Since the occurrence of uncertain parameters is not limited to cloud schemes,
the AD methodology may help to identify the most sensitive uncertain parameters
in any subgrid scheme and therefore help limiting the application of uncertainty
quantification to the most crucial parameters.
Predicting the morphology of ice particles in deep convection using the super-droplet method: development and evaluation of SCALE-SDM 0.2.5-2.2.0/2.2.1
Authors: Shima Shin-ichiro , Sato Yousuke , Hashimoto Akihiro , Misumi Ryohei
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The super-droplet method (SDM) is a particle-based numerical scheme that enables accurate cloud microphysics simulation with lower computational demand than multi-dimensional bin schemes. Using SDM, a detailed numerical model of mixed-phase clouds is developed in which ice morphologies are explicitly predicted without assuming ice categories or mass-dimension relationships. Ice particles are approximated using porous spheroids. The elementary cloud microphysics processes considered are advection and sedimentation; immersion/condensation and homogeneous freezing; melting; condensation and evaporation including cloud condensation nuclei activation and deactivation; deposition and sublimation; collision-coalescence, -riming, and -aggregation. To evaluate the model's performance, a 2D large-eddy simulation of a cumulonimbus was conducted, and the results well capture characteristics of a real cumulonimbus. The mass-dimension and velocity-dimension relationships the model predicted show a reasonable agreement with existing formulas. Numerical convergence is achieved at a super-particle number concentration as low as 128/cell, which consumes 30 times more computational time than a two-moment bulk model. Although the model still has room for improvement, these results strongly support the efficacy of the particle-based modeling methodology to simulate mixed-phase clouds.
Brief communication: An alternative method for estimating the scavenging efficiency of black carbon by meltwater over sea ice
Authors: Dou Tingfeng , Du Zhiheng , Li Shutong , Zhang Yulan , Zhang Qi , Hao Mingju , Li Chuanjin , Tian Biao , Ding Minghu , Xiao Cunde
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The meltwater scavenging coefficient (MSC) of black carbon (BC) is
a crucial parameter in snow and sea ice models, as it determines the BC
enrichment in the surface layer of melting snow over sea ice and therefore
modulates the BC–snow–albedo feedbacks. We present a new method for MSC
estimation by sampling the melt–refreeze ice layer that is produced from
refreezing of the meltwater within snowpack and its overlying snow and
measuring their physical characteristics in Elson Lagoon northeast of
Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow), Alaska, during the melting season. The bias of estimated MSC ranges
from −5.4 % to 7.3 %, which is not exactly dependent on the degree of
ablation. The average MSC value calculated with this
proposed method is slightly lower than that derived from the repeating
sampling (RS) method in Elson Lagoon while still being within its best
estimate range. Further estimation demonstrates that the MSC in the Canada Basin
(23.6 %±2.1 %) is close to that in Greenland (23.0 %±12.5 %) and larger than that in the Chukchi Sea (17.9 %±5.0 %) in
the northwest of Utqiaġvik. Elson Lagoon has the lowest MSC (14.5 %±2.6 %) in the study areas. The method
suggested in this study provides a possible approach for large-scale
measurements of MSC over the sea ice area in the Arctic. Of course, this
method depends on the presence of a melt–refreeze ice layer in the
observation area.
Synoptic conditions and atmospheric moisture pathways associated to virga and precipitation over coastal Adélie Land in Antarctica
Authors: Jullien Nicolas , Vignon Étienne , Sprenger Michael , Aemisegger Franziska , Berne Alexis
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Precipitation falling over the coastal regions of Antarctica often experiences low-level sublimation within the dry katabatic layer. The amount of water that reaches the ground surface is thereby considerably reduced. This paper investigates the synoptic conditions and the atmospheric transport pathways of moisture that lead to either virga – when precipitation is completely sublimated – or actual surface precipitation events over coastal Adélie Land, East Antarctica. For this purpose, the study combines ground-based lidar and radar measurements at Dumont d'Urville station (DDU), Lagrangian back-trajectories, Eulerian diagnostics of extratropical cyclones and fronts as well as moisture source estimations. It is found that precipitating systems at DDU are associated with warm fronts of cyclones that are located to the west of Adélie Land. Virga – corresponding to 36 % of the hours with precipitation above DDU – and surface precipitation cases are associated with the same precipitating system but they correspond to different phases of the event. Virga cases more often precede surface precipitation. They sometimes follow surface precipitation in the warm sector of the cyclone's frontal system, when the associated cyclone has moved to the east of Adélie Land and the precipitation intensity has weakened. On their way to DDU, the air parcels that ultimately precipitate above the station experience a large-scale lifting across the warm front. The lifting generally occurs earlier in time and farther from the station for virga than for precipitation. It is further shown that the water contained in the snow falling above DDU during pre-precipitation virga has an oceanic origin farther away (about 30° more to the west) from Adélie Land than the one contained in the snow that precipitates down to the ground surface.
The RHOSSA campaign: Multi-resolution monitoring of the seasonal evolution of the structure and mechanical stability of an alpine snowpack
Authors: Calonne Neige , Richter Bettina , Löwe Henning , Cetti Cecilia , ter Schure Judith , Van Herwijnen Alec , Fierz Charles , Jaggi Matthias , Schneebeli Martin
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The necessity of characterizing snow through objective, physically-motivated parameters has led to new model formulations and new measurement techniques. Consequently, essential structural parameters such as density and specific surface area (for basic characterization) or mechanical parameters such as the critical crack length (for avalanche stability characterization) gradually replace the semi-empirical indices acquired from traditional stratigraphy. These advances come along with new demands and potentials for validation. To this end, we conducted the RHOSSA field campaign, in resemblance of density (ρ) and specific surface area (SSA), at the Weissfluhjoch research site in the Swiss Alps to provide a multi-instrument, multi-resolution dataset of density, SSA, and critical crack length over the complete winter season 2015–2016. In this paper, we present the design of the campaign and a basic analysis of the measurements alongside with predictions from the model SNOWPACK. To bridge between traditional and new methods, the campaign comprises traditional profiles, density cutter, IceCube, SnowMicroPen (SMP), micro-computed-tomography, propagation saw tests, and compression tests. To bridge between different temporal resolutions, the traditional weekly to bi-weekly snow pits were complemented by daily SMP measurements. From the latter, we derived a re-calibration of the statistical retrieval of density and SSA for SMP version 4 that yields an unprecedented, spatio-temporal picture of the seasonal evolution of density and SSA in a snowpack. Finally, we provide an inter-comparison of measured and modeled estimates of density and SSA for 4 characteristic layers over the entire season to demonstrate the potential of high temporal resolution monitoring for snowpack model validation.
Satellite observations of new phytoplankton blooms in the Maud Rise Polynya, Southern Ocean
Authors: Jena Babula , Narayana Pillai Anilkumar
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Appearance of new phytoplankton blooms with in the sea-ice cover has large importance considering the upper ocean primary production that controls the biological pump with the implications for atmospheric CO2 and global climate. Satellite derived chlorophyll-a concentration showed the unprecedented phytoplankton blooms in the Maud Rise polynya, Southern Ocean with chlorophyll-a reached up to 4.67 mg m-3. Multi-satellite data indicated that the bloom appeared for the first time in the entire mission records started since 1978. Argo float located in the polynya edge provided evidence of bloom condition in austral spring 2017 (chlorophyll-a up to 5.47 mg m-3) compared to the preceding years of prevailed low chlorophyll-a. The occurrence of bloom was associated with the supply of nutrients into the upper ocean through the Ekman upwelling (driven by wind stress curl and cyclonic ocean eddies), and improved light condition up to 61.9 Einstein m-2 day-1. The net primary production from Aqua-MODIS chlorophyll-based algorithm showed that the Maud Rise polynya was as productive as the Antarctic coastal polynyas with the carbon fixation rates reached up to 415.08 mg C m-2 day-1. The study demonstrates how the phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean (specifically over the shallow bathymetric region) would likely respond in the future under a warming climate condition and continued melting of Antarctic sea-ice since 2016.
A Cutting-Edge Approach to Risk Management Framework: Upswing Customs Administration
Authors: Satyadini Agung Endika , Basir Abdul , Barata Adi
Published: December 2019

It is worth observing that in the context of customs administration, risk management plays a crucial role in coordinating activities to direct and control risk that help customs officials for addressing the problem of limited resources, increased trade volume, and the need for prompt clearance. However, it is also worth highlighting that customs risk management framework needs to be dynamically improved to meet the changes in global value chain. This study analyzed the successful experiences in area of risk management, as well as important international documents, recommended by World Customs Organization and proposed a cutting-edge approach of customs risk management framework, in accordance with the importance of risk management in the process of trade facilitation and customs procedures.
The Marketability of Black Joy: After “I Do” in Black Romance Film
Authors: Drake Simone
Published: December 2019

An unprecedented number of films directed and often written and produced by African Americans offering coupling conventions or the marriage plot as a trope began emerging at the close of the twentieth century and have continued with strong popularity into the twenty-first. The initial emergence of these films came on the tail of vicious debates and public rhetoric about dysfunctional African American families. As a means of talking back, or perhaps even conforming to social policy, black film embraced marriage plots. Most of the films, however, end with a wedding, which prevents audiences the opportunity to imagine a status—marriage—that the media, politicians, social scientists, and popular culture propose is antithetical to blackness. Ending with the wedding begs the question: What happens after “I do?” Malcolm Lee’s The Best Man (1999) and its long-awaited sequel The Best Man Holiday (2013) offer spectators a fairytale story of black success and black love after “I do.” Because Lee’s film enterprise imagines black marriage after the wedding, it is a useful case study for how narratives of blackness in the realm of popular culture talk back to popular public sphere narratives of unmarriageable black women, criminalized black men, and wayward black children. Ultimately, The Best Man Holiday is a what I call a “black-black” film that, through its depiction of black marriage and black children, enables blackness to function as an analytic that gives meaning to black joy in twenty-first century popular culture.