bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photohole-induced strong
σ−π
scattering driven by out-of-plane phonons in graphene
Authors: Hellsing Bo , Frederiksen Thomas
Published: October 2024

A theoretical study of the phonon-induced linewidths of the occupied electronic bands and the electron-phonon coupling (EPC) constant in graphene is presented. We propose an approximation in the spirit of the rigid ion approximation which considerably simplifies calculations of the EPC in metallic systems. We apply a tight-binding approach for the electrons and a force-constant model for the phonons with parameters obtained from . A simple procedure is presented in order to estimate the influence of the graphene-substrate interaction on the phonon dispersion and thereby also on, e.g., the linewidths. The EPC is the strongest in the energy region where π and σ bands overlap. We find that the electron scattering is predominantly driven by the out-of-plane acoustic ZA and optical ZO phonon modes, while in general the high-energy optical phonon modes LO and TO are of secondary importance.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Quark spin effects in
e+e−
annihilation: A Monte Carlo event generator study
Authors: Kerbizi A. , Lönnblad L. , Martin A.
Published: October 2024

Quark spin effects in e+e− annihilation to pseudoscalar and vector mesons are implemented for the first time in the Monte Carlo event generator. The spin-dependent fragmentation of the string stretched between the produced quark-antiquark pair with correlated spin states is described by the string+P30 model implemented in the string fragmentation routine of by using the package. The simulated events are used to study the model predictions for the Collins asymmetries of mesons produced back-to-back in the e+e− center of mass system by using both the thrust axis method and the hadronic plane method. The obtained asymmetries are compared to the available data from the BELLE and experiments and the underlying Collins analyzing power from the string+P30 model is compared with phenomenological extractions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Kaluza-Klein graviton freeze-in and big bang nucleosynthesis
Authors: Gross Mathieu , Hooper Dan
Published: October 2024

In models featuring extra spatial dimensions, particle collisions in the early Universe can produce Kaluza-Klein gravitons. Such particles will later decay, potentially impacting the process of big bang nucleosynthesis. In this paper, we consider scenarios in which gravity is free to propagate throughout n flat, compactified extra dimensions, while the fields of the Standard Model are confined to a (3+1)-dimensional brane. We calculate the production and decay rates of the states that make up the Kaluza-Klein graviton tower and determine the evolution of their abundances in the early Universe. We then go on to evaluate the impact of these decays on the resulting light element abundances. We identify significant regions of previously unexplored parameter space that are inconsistent with measurements of the primordial helium and deuterium abundances. In particular, we find that for the case of one extra dimension (two extra dimensions), the fundamental scale of gravity must be M⋆≳2×1013  GeV (M⋆≳1010  GeV) unless the temperature of the early Universe was never greater than T∼2  TeV (T∼1  GeV). For larger values of n, these constraints are less stringent. For the case of n=6, for example, our analysis excludes all values of M⋆ less than ∼106  GeV, unless the temperature of the Universe was never greater than T∼3  TeV. The results presented here severely limit the possibility that black holes were efficiently produced through particle collisions in the early Universe’s thermal bath.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Calibrating two jets at once
Authors: Gambhir Rikab , Nachman Benjamin
Published: October 2024

Jet-energy calibration is an important aspect of many measurements and searches at the LHC. Currently, these calibrations are performed on a per-jet basis, i.e., agnostic to the properties of other jets in the same event. In this work, we propose taking advantage of the correlations induced by momentum conservation between jets in order to improve their jet-energy calibration. By fitting the pT asymmetry of dijet events in simulation, while remaining agnostic to the pT spectra themselves, we are able to obtain correlation-improved maximum likelihood estimates. This approach is demonstrated with simulated jets from the CMS detector, yielding a 3%–5% relative improvement in the jet-energy resolution, corresponding to a quadrature improvement of approximately 35%.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Asymmetries in invisible dark matter mediator production associated with
tt¯
final states
Authors: Chalbaud E. , Silva Rui M. , Onofre António , Gonçalo Ricardo , Fiolhais Miguel C. N.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we propose two sets of different CP-sensitive observables inspired by the Higgs production in association with the top quark. We employ a dark matter simplified model that couples a scalar mediator with top quarks. The reconstruction of the kinematic variables is presented at next to leading order (NLO) accuracy for events associated with this massive scalar particle, which is assumed to be vanishing to invisible decays in a detector such as ATLAS. We build these observables by taking advantage of the similarity between the scalar coupling with the top quark and the factorization theorem in the total scattering amplitude, in order to represent the basis in which the phase space is parametrized. A twofold approach employs the direct implementation of the four-momentum phase space measure in building CP sensitive observables such as b2 for the Higgs, and the spin polarization of the top-quark decays in the narrow width approximation for the employed model. We studied the asymmetries of these distributions to test for any improvement in increasing the exclusion region for the gu33S−gu33P parameters associated with this vanishing scalar particle. We have found no significant effect in the exclusion limits by using the forward-backward asymmetry distributions and the full-shaped ones. Considering the case of an invisible mediator with mass of 10−2  GeV for a luminosity of 300  fb−1 expected at the end of Run 3, the best limits for gu33S and gu33P at NLO accuracy were obtained using the variables b˜2y^ and b2 respectively, with corresponding limits set to [−0.0425,0.0425] and [−0.83,0.83] at 68% CL.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Modulus stabilization in the multiple-modulus framework
Authors: King Stephen F. , Wang Xin
Published: October 2024

In a class of modular-invariant models with multiple moduli fields, the viable lepton flavor mixing pattern can be realized if the values of moduli are selected to be at the fixed points. In this paper, we investigate a modulus stabilization mechanism in the multiple-modulus framework which is capable of providing de Sitter (dS) minima precisely at the fixed points τ=i and ω, by taking into consideration nonperturbative effects on the superpotential and the dilaton Kähler potential. Due to the existence of additional Kähler moduli, more possible vacua can occur, and the dS vacua could be the deepest under certain conditions. We classify different choices of vacua and discuss their phenomenological implications for lepton masses and flavor mixing.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Cutoff scale of quadratic gravity from quantum focusing conjecture
Authors: Kanai Takamasa , Maeda Kengo , Noumi Toshifumi , Yoshida Daisuke
Published: October 2024

We derive the cutoff length scale of the quadratic gravity in d≥5 dimensional spacetime by demanding that the quantum focusing conjecture for the smeared quantum expansion holds at the classical level. The cutoff scale has a different dependence on the spacetime dimension depending on the sign of the coupling constant of the quadratic gravity. We also investigate a concrete example of the five-dimensional Schwarzschild spacetime and directly confirm that the quantum focusing conjecture holds when the quantum expansion is smeared over the scale larger than our cutoff scale.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
TT¯
deformation on non-Hermitian two coupled SYK model
Authors: Zhang Chenhao , Cai Wenhe
Published: October 2024

We investigate TT¯ deformation on non-Hermitian coupled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model and the holographic picture. The relationship between ground state and thermofield double state is preserved under the TT¯ deformation. We prove that TT¯ deformed theory provides a reparametrization in large N limit. We numerically calculate the deformation effects on the correlation function in imaginary time and the free energy. The thermodynamic phase structures show the equivalence of the wormhole-black hole picture between non-Hermitian model and Hermitian model still holds under TT¯ deformation. The correlation function in Lorentz time, revival dynamic, and the deformed holography are also evaluated.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Rotation effect on the spectral function of heavy vector mesons in holographic QCD
Authors: Wang Xiao-Long , Feng Sheng-Qin
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Exploring heavy vector mesons of the J/ψ and ϒ(1S) is crucial for understanding the quark gluon plasma (QGP) formed in heavy ion collisions. The influences of rotational effect on the properties of the J/ψ and the ϒ(1S) are investigated by incorporating rotation medium into the holographic QCD. It is found that temperature, chemical potential, and rotational radius effects enhance the dissociation process of the J/ψ and the ϒ(1S) states within the medium. This rotation-induced effect is more significant for heavy vector mesons in the transverse direction than that of the longitudinal direction. The first holographic study on the influence of the radius of a homogeneous rotating system on the vector meson spectrum is proposed. It is found that increasing in rotation radius promotes the dissociation of vector mesons of the J/ψ and ϒ(1S). We also find that the dissociation perpendicular to the direction of rotational angular velocity is more significant than that parallel to it at large rational radius.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Influence of conduction heterogeneities on transient spatiotemporal chaos in cardiac excitable media
Authors: Dix Melvin , Lilienkamp Thomas , Luther Stefan , Parlitz Ulrich
Published: October 2024

Life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation are often based on chaotic spiral or scroll wave dynamics which can be self-terminating. In this work, we investigate the influence of conduction heterogeneities on the duration of such chaotic transients in generic models of excitable cardiac media. We observe that low and medium densities of heterogeneities extend the average transient lifetime, while at high densities very long transients, potentially persistent chaos, and periodic attractors occur.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Order-disorder behavior in the ferroelectric nematic phase investigated via Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Raistrick Thomas , Mandle Richard J. , Zhang Zhaopeng , Tipping Peter J. , Gleeson Helen F.
Published: October 2024

Polar-ordered fluids are of interest both fundamentally and from an application standpoint. The recently discovered ferroelectric nematic phase is an example of a polar-ordered fluid, and while there has been extensive research interest in these materials, some of the fundamental properties are yet to be fully understood. Here, we report the order parameters of one of the first known materials that exhibit a ferroelectric nematic phase, RM734, determined via Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy been used extensively to determined order parameters in liquid crystals systems but also to probe ferroelectric behavior in solid ferroelectric systems and is therefore a powerful technique to study the ferroelectric nematic phase. A reduction and subsequent recovery of order parameters (Δ〈P2〉≈0.1, Δ〈P4〉≈0.06) is observed near the onset of the to NF transition, a feature that is confirmed via complementary birefringence measurements. This dip in order parameters has been attributed to splay fluctuations, which occur at the onset of the NF transition; here we suggest a different explanation. A broadening of the full-width half-maxima (FWHM), of the order of 1 cm−1, of the selected Raman peak is observed near the to NF phase transition, which we relate to either a change in reorientational dynamics or the onset of polar order. The NF transition is analyzed using standard solid ferroelectric frameworks. An energetic barrier associated with the para- to ferroelectric transition is found to be of the order of 2.5±0.6kJ/mol, which is comparable to solid ferroelectric materials.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Pipelined information flow in molecular mechanical circuits leads to increased error and irreversibility
Authors: Seet Ian , Ouldridge Thomas E. , Doye Jonathan P. K.
Published: October 2024

Pipelining is a design technique for logical circuits that allows for higher throughput than circuits in which multiple computations are fed through the system one after the other. It allows for much faster computation than architectures in which inputs must pass through every layer of the circuit before the next computation can begin (phased chaining). We explore the hypothesis that these advantages may be offset by a higher error rate, logical irreversibility, and greater thermodynamic costs by simulating pipelined molecular mechanical circuits using an explicit physical model. We observe the emergent logical irreversibility, and see that the simultaneous action of multiple components indeed leads to a higher error rate than in phase-chained circuits. The thermodynamic costs of operating the gates are much larger than in equivalent phase-chained circuits, and these costs do not appear to tend to zero in the limit of slowgate operation. Redesigning the gates to eliminate errors and artificially enforcing logical reversibility reduces the thermodynamic costs and recovers thermodynamically reversible behavior in the limit of slow gate operation. The breakdown of logical reversibility and accuracy are both associated with a breakdown of the digital behavior of the device, likely contributing to thermodynamic costs that are large relative to the scale of the information being processed.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Impact of ageostrophic dynamics on the predictability of Lagrangian trajectories in surface-ocean turbulence
Authors: Maalouly Michael , Lapeyre Guillaume , Berti Stefano
Published: October 2024

Turbulent flows at the surface of the ocean deviate from geostrophic equilibrium on scales smaller than about 10 km. These scales are associated with important vertical transport of active and passive tracers, and should play a prominent role in the heat transport at climate scales and for plankton dynamics. Measuring velocity fields on such small scales is notoriously difficult but new, high-resolution satellite altimetry is starting to reveal them. However, the satellite-derived velocities essentially represent the geostrophic flow component, and the impact of unresolved ageostrophic motions on particle dispersion needs to be understood to properly characterize transport properties. Here, we investigate ocean fine-scale turbulence using a model that represents some of the processes due to ageostrophic dynamics. We take a Lagrangian approach and focus on the predictability of the particle dynamics, comparing trajectories advected by either the full flow or by its geostrophic component only. Our results indicate that, over long times, relative dispersion is marginally affected after filtering out the ageostrophic component. Nevertheless, advection by the geostrophic-only flow leads to an overestimation of the typical pair-separation rate, and to a bias on trajectories (in terms of displacement from the actual ones), whose importance grows with the Rossby number. We further explore the intensity of the transient particle clustering induced by ageostrophic motions and find that it can be significant, even for small flow compressibility. Indeed, we show that clustering is here due to the interplay between compressibility and persistent flow structures that trap particles, enhancing their aggregation.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Thermomagnetic Anomalies by Magnonic Criticality in Ultracold Atomic Transport
Authors: Sekino Yuta , Ominato Yuya , Tajima Hiroyuki , Uchino Shun , Matsuo Mamoru
Published: October 2024

We investigate thermomagnetic transport in an ultracold atomic system with two ferromagnets linked via a magnetic quantum point contact. Using the nonequilibrium Green’s function approach, we show a divergence in spin conductance and a slowing down of spin relaxation that manifest in the weak effective-Zeeman-field limit. These anomalous spin dynamics result from the magnonic critical point at which magnons become gapless due to spontaneous magnetization. Our findings unveil untapped dynamics in ultracold atomic systems, opening new avenues in thermomagnetism.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Winning with Losses: The Surprising Success of Negative Strategies in Social Interaction Behavior
Authors: Lai Joel Weijia , Cheong Kang Hao
Published: October 2024

In the vast network of social interactions and behaviors, it is common to find certain schemes that, on their own, might appear counterproductive to societal progress. When observed in isolation, these schemes often seem to hinder more than they help. However, due to society’s complexity, the hidden potential of combining these seemingly detrimental schemes often goes unnoticed. Here, we investigate two such social behaviors, reputation and reciprocity, and their role in explaining Darwin’s survival of the fittest, examining how these fundamental principles govern individual interactions and shape broader social dynamics. We outline the dynamics of these two social behaviors and underline the importance of combined strategies in enhancing group welfare and contributing to interdisciplinary research in social physics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Noise-adapted recovery circuits for quantum error correction
Authors: Biswas Debjyoti , Vaidya Gaurav M. , Mandayam Prabha
Published: October 2024

Implementing quantum error correction (QEC) protocols is a challenging task in today's era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. We present quantum circuits for a universal, noise-adapted recovery map, often referred to as the Petz map, which is known to achieve close-to-optimal fidelity for arbitrary codes and noise channels. While two of our circuit constructions draw upon algebraic techniques such as isometric extension and block encoding, the third approach breaks down the recovery map into a sequence of two-outcome POVMs. In each of the three cases we improve upon the resource requirements that currently exist in the literature. Apart from Petz recovery circuits, we also present circuits that can directly estimate the fidelity between the encoded state and the recovered state. As a concrete example of our circuit constructions, we implement Petz recovery circuits corresponding to a four-qubit code that is tailor-made to correct for amplitude-damping noise. The efficacy of our noise-adapted recovery circuits is then demonstrated through ideal and noisy simulations on the IBM QasmSimulator.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Transport in cellular aggregates described by fluctuating hydrodynamics
Authors: Chakraborti Subhadip , Zaburdaev Vasily
Published: October 2024

Biological functionality of cellular aggregates is largely influenced by the activity and displacements of individual constituent cells. From a theoretical perspective this activity can be characterized by hydrodynamic transport coefficients of diffusivity and conductivity. Motivated by the clustering dynamics of bacterial microcolonies we propose a model of active multicellular aggregates and use recently developed macroscopic fluctuation theory to derive a fluctuating hydrodynamics for this model system. Both semianalytic theory and microscopic simulations show that the hydrodynamic transport coefficients are affected by nonequilibrium microscopic parameters and significantly decrease inside of the clusters. We further find that the Einstein relation connecting the transport coefficients and fluctuations breaks down in the parameter regime where the detailed balance is not satisfied. This study offers valuable tools for experimental investigation of hydrodynamic transport in other systems of cellular aggregates such as tumor spheroids and organoids.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Asymmetrical temporal dynamics of edge modes in Su-Schrieffer-Heeger lattice with Kerr nonlinearity
Authors: Alharbi Ghada H. , Wong Stephan , Gong Yongkang , Oh Sang Soon
Published: October 2024

Optical bistability and oscillating phases exist in a Sagnac interferometer and a single ring resonator made of a χ(3) nonlinear medium where the refractive indices are modulated by the light intensity due to the Kerr nonlinearity. An array of coupled nonlinear ring resonators behave similarly but with more complexity due to the presence of the additional couplings. Here we theoretically demonstrate the bifurcation of edge modes, which leads to optical bistability in the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger lattice with the Kerr nonlinearity. We also demonstrate periodic and chaotic switching behaviors in an oscillating phase resulting from the coupling between the edge mode and bulk modes with different chiralities, i.e., clockwise and counterclockwise circulations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Realizing multiband states with ultracold dipolar quantum simulators
Authors: Bilinskaya Yuliya , Hughes Michael , Molignini Paolo
Published: October 2024

The manipulation of dipolar interactions within ultracold molecular ensembles represents a pivotal advancement in experimental physics, aiming at the emulation of quantum phenomena unattainable through mere contact interactions. Our study uncovers regimes of multiband occupation which allow to probe more realistic, complex long-range interacting lattice models with ultracold dipolar simulators. By mapping out experimentally relevant ranges of potential depths, interaction strengths, particle fillings, and geometric configurations, we calculate the agreement between the state prepared in the quantum simulator and a target lattice state. We do so by separately calculating numerically exact many-body wave functions in the continuous space and single- or multiband lattice representations, and building their many-body state overlaps. Our findings reveal that for shallow lattices and stronger interactions above half filling, multiband population increases, resulting in fundamentally different ground states than the ones observed in simple lowest-band descriptions, e.g., striped vs checkerboard states. A wide range of probed parameter regimes in its turn provides a systematic and quantitative blueprint for realizing multiband states with two-dimensional quantum simulators employing ultracold dipolar molecules.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Structural multiplicity in a solvated hydrate of the antiretroviral protease inhibitor Lopinavir
Authors: Mokoto Tebogo M. L. , Lemmerer Andreas , Sayed Yasien , Smith Mark G.
Published: October 2024

Lopinavir is a potent protease inhibitor that is used as a first-line pharmaceutical drug for the treatment of HIV. The multi-component solvated Lopinavir crystal, systematic name (2S)-N-[(2S,4S,5S)-5-[2-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)acetamido]-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl]-3-methyl-2-(2-oxo-1,3-diazinan-1-yl)butanamide–ethane-1,2-diol–water (8/3/7) 8C37H48N4O5·3C2H6O2·7H2O, was prepared using evaporative methods. The crystalline material obtained from this experimental synthesis was characterized and elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). The crystal structure is unusual in that the unit cell contains 18 molecules. The stoichiometric ratio of this crystal is eight Lopinavir molecules [8(C37H48N4O5)], three ethane-1,2-diol molecules [3(C2H6O2)] and seven water molecules [7(H2O)]. The crystal packing features both bi- and trifurcated hydrogen bonds between atoms.
Unveiling English school leaders’ intentional well-being cultivation practices during a global pandemic
Authors: Yeh Chloe Shu-Hua , Ravalier Jermaine , Chang Kirk
Published: October 2024

Purpose

There is an urge worldwide that school leaders’ mental health and well-being must be prioritised within the education recovery at the local, national and global policy levels. This research identified the intentional well-being practices that school leaders cultivated as they faced unprecedented challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected through one-to-one in-depth semi-structured interviews with ten senior school leaders from primary and secondary schools in England. During the pandemic, online interviews were organised using Zoom. An inductive followed by deductive approach qualitative data analysis was employed to offer insights into the multidimensional and sensitive nature of school leaders’ well-being.

Findings

The findings indicated that despite a reported decline in well-being, the participants intentionally engaged in well-being cultivation practices which were both relational: developing multi-faceted support networks, and individual: developing self-care and self-regulation skills. These practices provided different psychological and practical needs necessary for maintaining their well-being and work functioning facing the pandemic.

Originality/value

This study affirms school leaders’ well-being cultivation is an intentional and effortful process involving relational and individual practices to support their multidimensional well-being during extreme challenges. These practices can be mindfully and strategically cultivated. This study enhances the theoretical understanding of school leader well-being and offers timely insights into well-being initiatives in leadership development programmes for educational leaders and policymakers amid global challenges.
Uniforms and degrees: investigating student experiences of higher education and policing
Authors: Wadley Steven , Phillips Matthew
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide an account of student perceptions (age 16+) of the value of both obtaining a university degree and how it relates to the profession of policing. In addition, the paper details opinions of the perceived benefit of a degree with regard to potentially supporting career progression.

Design/methodology/approach

Participants were recruited directly, following input from a Midlands based University at a range of outreach activities, where they completed short, online questionnaires offering their thoughts and opinions on higher education and policing. Study participants were from four school and colleges within the West Midlands area, with all respondents meeting the inclusion criteria of being in the 16+ age group (Year 12 and 13).

Findings

The study yielded several key findings. Firstly, respondents positively demonstrated an intention to progress from school/college onto university, believing that having a degree or some form of formalised training is beneficial to development. Secondly, almost half of respondents indicated that they felt a police officer should have a degree to properly perform their duties. Thirdly, there was a mixed response as to whether they would prefer a police officer had a degree when dealing with the public. Finally, over half of respondents felt that holding a degree would be beneficial for career development within the police.

Practical implications

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and partner force to work closely with feeder schools and colleges to provide information on the most suitable pathway into policing for potential officers of the future. By working closely with individual students, HEIs and forces have the scope to best align a potential police officer with the “bespoke” course for them, which should offer career and academic satisfaction. HEIs to further develop a broad range of skills, supporting both academic credibility and career development, further embedding the value of obtaining a degree.

Originality/value

This original research highlights clear evidence from respondents that there is a good deal of perceived value that can be gathered from holding a degree. This is shown from both the perspective of new recruits joining the police and to the potential as an aid to career development.
Bridging the gap between entrepreneurial intentions and behavior: examining the role of mindfulness
Authors: Abdul Waheed Kareem , Laeequddin Mohammed , Sahay Vinita
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the role of mindfulness in the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

To investigate the effect of mindfulness on entrepreneurial intention and behavior, we adopt a conceptual framework based on the theory of planned behavior and develop our hypothesis, anticipating that mindfulness has a moderating effect on the entrepreneurial intention–behavior relationship. We conduct an empirical study by administering a survey questionnaire with 329 respondents who attended a training program organized by one of the leading management institutes in India.

Findings

We find a positive effect of entrepreneurial intention and mindfulness on entrepreneurial behavior. Further, mindfulness has a moderating effect on the entrepreneurial intention–behavior relationship.

Research limitations/implications

The study has a few limitations. It was conducted among unemployed youth who participated in a government-sponsored training program for the promotion of entrepreneurship. Although not all the participants in the program were automatically eligible for government funding for starting a business, their entrepreneurial intention–behavior relationship may vary based on their conditions after the training concluded. This study emphasizes only the relationship between mindfulness and entrepreneurial intention behavior, considering EI and well-being implicit in mindfulness. Other contingent factors might also influence the entrepreneurship intention–behavior relationship, but our argument is that, ultimately, all emotional and rational factors can be subordinated to mindfulness. Hence, future research could be carried out to study the effect of mindfulness practice, entrepreneurial intention and the effectiveness of implementation behavior. Further longitudinal studies could be designed to understand how mindfulness training bridges the gap in the entrepreneurial intention–behavior relationship.

Practical implications

Through this study, we offer empirical evidence on the role of mindfulness in moderating the intention–behavior relationship in entrepreneurship. Mindfulness makes people more aware of their internal and external environment when they pay attention with a purpose that helps them to regulate their emotions, cognition, novelty seeking and social contexts to sustain the ups and downs in starting a business.

Originality/value

The findings of the study offer new insights into the nuanced association between entrepreneurial intention and behavior through the lens of mindfulness.
Long-term relationships between users and smart voice assistants: the roles of experience and love
Authors: Hernández-Ortega Blanca , Ferreira Ivani , Lapresta-Romero Sara
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study examines why long-term relationships between expert users and smart voice assistants (SVAs) develop. It postulates that the five dimensions of experience (i.e. sensory, affective, intellectual, behavioural and relational) generate feelings of love for SVAs. The formation of love is examined considering three components: passion, intimacy and commitment. These feelings encourage users to continue employing and to generate long-term relationships with SVAs.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from a survey of 403 USA expert users of SVAs provide the input for structural equation modelling.

Findings

The results show that three dimensions of experience influence users’ passion towards SVAs: affective, intellectual and behavioural. Moreover, passion can convert the effect of users’ experiences into intimacy and commitment. Finally, intimacy and commitment increase users’ intentions to continue using SVAs.

Originality/value

The findings obtained make three original contributions. First, this study is the first to analyse expert users of SVAs and the post-technology adoption stage. Therefore, it introduces a new case of relational marketing in smart technologies. Second, this study contributes by applying a new theoretical perspective that evaluates the importance of users’ experiences with SVAs. Third, it takes an interpersonal approach to explore user-SVA interactions, revealing that users can develop human-like love feelings for SVAs.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-10-2022-0570
Tailoring coil geometry for achieving uniform heating through coil shape topology optimization for induction heating-based metal wire additive manufacturing
Authors: Choubey Rahul Kumar , Patil Mayur , Jain Prashant K.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Induction heating as an energy source is a novel, recent method in extrusion-based metal additive manufacturing. The purpose of this paper is to develop an optimized coil for extrusion-based metal wire additive manufacturing. The optimized coil is so designed that uniform temperature distribution can be achieved in the extruder, achieving uniform material deposition in a semi-solid state, which is required for additive manufacturing.

Design/methodology/approach

Coil shape optimization is achieved by using arrangement of coil turns as a control variable in the form optimization process, and the objective function is to minimize the gradient in the distribution of the magnetic field to achieve uniform heating in the extruder for maintaining consistent solid and liquid fraction during material deposition. A combination of numerical solutions and geometrical optimization has been used for this study.

Findings

Experimental and simulation results reveal that the optimized induction coil produced a more uniform axial temperature distribution in the extruder, which is suitable for maintaining a uniform solid-to-liquid fraction ratio during material deposition.

Originality/value

The author has investigated the use of optimized-shaped induction coils in extrusion-based additive manufacturing. The optimized coil can achieve a more uniform temperature distribution in the extruder in comparison to the standard helical coil used in the existing process, which means optimized coil achieves a more uniform solid-to-liquid ratio during printing in comparison to existing standard coil shapes used for heating extruders and fulfils the requirement of additive manufacturing.
The Forthcoming General Election in the Republic of Ireland: Winds of (Left‐Wing) Change or Plus Ça Change?
Authors: Rálaigh Chris Ó
Published: October 2024

The forthcoming general election will be the most consequential electoral contest for the Republic of Ireland in a century. The polity is situated in truly novel territory with the potential for an historic first: the incoming of a Sinn Féin‐led, left‐wing government. Any such government would portend change in the North of Ireland, symbolising a critical juncture on the path towards the ending of partition. Analysing electoral and ideological shifts across the post‐2008 period, this article examines the immediate prospects for the coming to power of a left‐wing government and an historic first in Irish politics.
Playing it Safer: Applied Drama as a means of reducing barriers to LGBTQIA+ inclusion in sports and education environments
Authors: Eldridge David , Fielding Lucy , Dickenson Sarah Jane
Published: October 2024

In a context where more than 40% of LGBTQIA+ individuals in the UK are estimated to avoid sports due to experiences of discrimination, with disengagement closely linked to negative experiences during physical education at school, the ability of specifically LGBTQIA+‐oriented sports clubs to buck this trend and create vibrant inclusive sporting communities across the country warrants both celebration and investigation. Safer, a new play centred on the experiences of the recently formed Hull Roundheads ‘gay and inclusive’ rugby club, has been part of such an investigation led by a creative research team at the University of Hull (England) since 2022. This paper reports on the use of Safer and Applied Drama workshops in schools and colleges in the Hull and Humber region as a highly effective means of amplifying the voices of LGBTQIA+ youth and supporting educational environments in improving their understanding and capacity to be inclusive in sports settings and beyond.
Effects of salinity and nutrient stress on a toxic freshwater cyanobacterial community and its associated microbiome: An experimental study
Authors: Reignier Océane , Briand Enora , Hervé Fabienne , Robert Elise , Savar Véronique , Tanniou Simon , Amzil Zouher , Noël Cyril , Bormans Myriam
Published: October 2024

We aimed to evaluate the ability of naturally occurring colonies of Microcystis, embedded in a thick mucilage, to persist in estuarine waters. In two batch experiments, we examined the dynamics of microbial communities, including cyanobacteria and associated heterotrophic bacteria, sampled from the field during both a cyanobacterial bloom (non‐limiting nutrient condition) and the post‐bloom period (limiting nutrient condition), and subjected them to a salinity gradient representative of the freshwater‐marine continuum. We demonstrated that both Microcystis aeruginosa and M. wesenbergii survived high salinities due to osmolyte accumulation. Specifically, prolonged exposure to high salinity led to betaine accumulation in the cyanobacterial biomass. The relative abundance of the mcyB gene remained around 30%, suggesting no selection for toxic genotypes with salinity or nutrient changes. Microcystins were predominantly intracellular, except at high salinity levels (>15), where more than 50% of the total microcystin concentration was extracellular. In both nutrient conditions, over 70% of the heterotrophic bacterial community belonged to the Gammaproteobacteria family, followed by the Bacteroidota. Bacterial community composition differed in both size fractions, as well as along the salinity gradient over time. Finally, genus‐specific core microbiomes were identified and conserved even under highly stressful conditions, suggesting interactions that support community stability and resilience.
Patient‐ and family‐centered care in adult ICU (FAM–ICU): A protocol for a feasibility study
Authors: Bohart Søs , Waldau Tina , Andreasen Anne Sofie , Møller Ann Merete , Thomsen Thordis
Published: October 2024

Background

In the intensive care unit (ICU), delirium in patients and long‐term mental health challenges in both patients and their family members are highly prevalent. To address these issues, patient‐ and family‐centered care has been recommended to alleviate the burdens associated with critical illness and ICU admission. We have developed the patient‐ and FAMily‐centered care in the adult ICU intervention (FAM–ICU intervention). This multi‐component intervention comprises several concrete and manageable components and operationalizing patient‐ and family‐centered care principles in clinical practice. In this protocol, we describe a study aiming to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the FAM–ICU intervention in the adult ICU setting, including the feasibility of collecting relevant patient‐ and family‐member outcome data.

Method

We will conduct a pre‐/post two‐group study design. We plan to recruit 30 adult ICU patients and their close family members at Herlev University Hospital in Denmark. The pre‐group (n = 15) will receive usual care and the post‐group (n = 15) will receive the FAM–ICU intervention. The FAM–ICU intervention involves interdisciplinary training of the ICU team and a systematic approach to information sharing and consultations with the patients and their family. Feasibility outcomes will include recruitment and retention rates, intervention fidelity, and the feasibility of participant outcome data collection. Acceptability will be assessed through questionnaires and interviews with clinicians, patients, and family members. Data collection is scheduled to begin in January 2025.

Discussion

This study will assess the feasibility and acceptability when implementing the FAM–ICU intervention and the feasibility of conducting a main trial to investigate its effectiveness on delirium in patients and the mental health of patients and family members. The data from the feasibility study will be used to guide sample size calculations, trial design, and final data collection methods for a subsequent stepped‐wedge randomized controlled trial.
Validity, reliability and responsiveness of digital visual analogue scales for chronic spontaneous urticaria monitoring: A CRUSE® mobile health study
Authors: Sousa‐Pinto Bernardo , Ramanauskaite Aiste , Neisinger Sophia , Witte‐Händel Ellen , Gimenez‐Arnau Ana M. , Guillet Carole , Parisi Claudio Alberto S. , Katelaris Constance H. , Fomina Daria , Larenas‐Linnemann Désirée , García Elizabeth , Kocatürk Emek , Siebenhaar Frank , Lima Hermenio , Kaidashev Igor , Nasr Iman , Canales Isabel Ogueta , Ojeda Ivan Cherrez , Hébert Jacques , Bousquet Jean , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Peter Jonny , Sanchez Jorge , Sousa Jose Ignacio Larco , Kulthanan Kanokvalai , Weller Karsten , Godse Kiran , Rutkowski Krzysztof , Lapina Lasma , Bouillet Laurence , Han Leo Lianyi , Ensina Luis Felipe , Gonçalo Margarida , Magerl Markus , van Doorn Martijn , Metz Martin , Khoshkhui Maryam , Hide Michihiro , Türk Murat , Kurjāne Nataļja , Conlon Niall , Salameh Pascale , Kolkhir Pavel , Asero Riccardo , Stepanenko Roman , Altrichter Sabine , Gil‐Mata Sara , Thomsen Simon Francis , Zuberbier Torsten , Tsaryk Vladyslav , Ye Young‐Min , Brzoza Zenon , Zhao Zuotao , Maurer Marcus
Published: October 2024

Background

CRUSE® is an app that allows patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) to monitor their daily disease activity through the use of visual analogue scales (VASs). We aimed to determine the concurrent validity, reliability, responsiveness and minimal important difference (MID) of CRUSE® VASs.

Methods

We evaluated the properties of three daily VASs: VAS for how much patients were affected by their CSU (‘VAS urticaria’), VAS for the impact of urticaria on work/school productivity (‘VAS productivity’) and the VAS of EQ‐5D. Concurrent validity was assessed by measuring the association between each VAS and the Urticaria Activity Score (UAS). Intra‐rater reliability was determined based on the data of users providing multiple daily questionnaires within the same day. Test–retest reliability and responsiveness (ability to change), respectively, were tested in clinically stable and clinically unstable users. MIDs were determined using distribution‐based methods.

Results

We included 5938 patients (67,380 days). Concurrent validity was high, with VAS urticaria being more strongly associated with the UAS score than the remaining VASs. Intra‐rater reliability was also high, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) being above 0.950 for all VASs. Moderate‐high test–retest reliability and responsiveness were observed, with reliability ICC being highest for VAS EQ‐5D and responsiveness being highest for VAS urticaria. The MID for VAS urticaria was 17 (out of 100) units, compared to 15 units for VAS productivity and 11 units for VAS EQ‐5D.

Conclusion

Daily VASs for CSU available in the CRUSE® app display high concurrent validity and intra‐rater reliability and moderate‐high test–retest reliability and responsiveness.
A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of melatonin as an adjuvant agent for induction of labor: The MILO trial
Authors: Quach Diane , Mol Ben W. , Springer Jamie , Tully Erin , Higgins Chloe , Jones Madeleine , Hennes David , Pham Yen , Swarnamani Kamala , Palmer Kirsten , Davies‐Tuck Miranda
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Melatonin has been suggested to have a biological role in the onset and progress of labor. We tested the hypothesis that the addition of melatonin during an induction of labor will reduce the need for a cesarean birth.

Material and Methods

This trial underwent protocol amendments that are detailed in the main text of the article. This trial is registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12616000311459). At a multi‐center health service including secondary and tertiary obstetric hospitals, we performed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in women with a singleton cephalic pregnancy, free of significant maternal or perinatal complications who were undergoing induction of labor (with or without cervical ripening). Women were randomized to 10 mg melatonin vs placebo, with cervical ripening as required, and then 6‐h during their induction of labor to a maximum of four doses or until birth. The primary outcome was cesarean birth. Secondary outcomes included labor, maternal, and neonatal outcomes. Data were analyzed using intention to treat. Sub‐group analyses based on mode of ripening and parity were also performed.

Results

Between 2019 and 2021 we randomized 189 women (103 to melatonin and 86 to placebo). The study was prematurely terminated due to logistical complications resulting from the COVID‐19 pandemic. Cesarean rates were 28/103 (27.2%) in the melatonin group vs 20/84 (23.3%) in the placebo group (RR 1.17 95% CI 0.71–1.92). There were no significant differences in rate of cesarean birth between the melatonin and placebo groups for failure to progress (13.4% and 9.3%, respectively, RR 1.46; 95% CI 0.64–3.32) or suspected fetal distress (10.7% and 10.5%, respectively, RR 1.02; 95% CI 0.44–2.34). The melatonin group had significantly lower rates of spontaneous vaginal birth within 24 h (35.0% vs. 50.0%; RR 0.70 95% CI 0.50–0.98). The rates of secondary outcomes such as total length of labor, rate of postpartum hemorrhage, and instrumental birth were comparable. Babies born in the melatonin group were more likely to need admission to the special care nursery, namely for hypoglycemic monitoring (18.5% vs. 8.1% RR 2.26; 95% CI 1.00–5.10).

Conclusions

In women undergoing induction of labor, melatonin does not reduce the cesarean section rate. Melatonin use intrapartum may also be associated with neonatal hypoglycemia.
Risk of orthopaedic implant infection during bacteraemia
Authors: Honkanen Meeri
Published: October 2024

Orthopaedic implant material can get infected via haematogenous spread from a distant source at any point after implantation. The sources of haematogenous orthopaedic implant infections have been studied only for prosthetic joints. The most common source of infection has varied, but it can be, for example from the skin and soft tissues, cardiovascular system and dental infections. The risk for developing a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) during bacteraemia is dependent on the pathogen: it is highest for Staphylococcus aureus and beta‐haemolytic streptococci, but low for gram‐negative bacteria. The risk for developing a (PJI) during Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) has varied between 12 and 41%; the risk for developing an infection in any orthopaedic implant in the extremities during SAB is probably almost the same as for prosthetic joints, but data are very limited. The risk of developing an infection in spinal implants during bacteraemia is not known, as it has not been studied. Especially in the case of SAB, infected orthopaedic implants are usually symptomatic, so asymptomatic implants do not routinely require further diagnostic work‐up, such as synovial fluid aspiration.