bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stroke Owing to Noncompaction of Myocardium
Authors: Hasçelik Şensin , Yalnzoğlu Dilek , Kafali Gülden , Çeliker Alpay , Cila Ayşenur , Topçu Meral , Gürgey Aytemiz
Published: October 2007

Noncompaction of myocardium is a rare and recently defined entity that may cause cardioembolism during childhood. We report an 18-month-old girl with noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium presenting with fatal cardioembolic stroke. The patient had a high factor VIII level, which is known to cause an increased tendency to thromboembolic events. To our knowledge, this is the youngest case with stroke associated with noncompaction of the myocardium. Patients with noncompaction should be considered for prophylactic antithrombotic treatment to prevent mortality and morbidity owing to systemic thromboembolic events, especially if they carry additional risk factors that make them prone to hypercoagulation. ( J Child Neurol 2003;18:437—439).
Benign “Setting Sun” Phenomenon in Full-Term Infants
Authors: Yoshikawa Hideto
Published: October 2007

I report two normally developed infants showing benign” setting sun” phenomenon. A 22/12-year-old boy and a 7-year-old boy, who were born without any complications at full term, developed brief episodes of downward gazing during sucking and crying after birth. However, there were no other clinical or laboratory findings, and they developed normally. The phenomenon was not visible until 6 months and 7 months, respectively. The “setting sun” phenomenon usually indicates underlying severe brain damage and can also be seen, although rarely, in healthy full-term infants until 1 to 5 months. However, the benign “setting sun” phenomenon might exist until 6 or 7 months of age in normal infants. ( J Child Neurol 2003;18:424—425).
Melatonin Excretion in Normal Children and in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex With Sleep Disorder Responsive to Melatonin
Authors: Hancock Eleanor , O'Callaghan Finbar , English Judie , Osborne John P.
Published: October 2007

To determine normal melatonin excretion patterns in healthy children without sleep disorder and to compare these with those of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex and sleep disorder responsive to exogenous melatonin, we measured 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion in 21 healthy children and in 7 patients with tuberous sclerosis complex and sleep disorder responsive to melatonin (a 5 mg oral dose increasing total sleep time). Total excretion, cosinor percentage, and acrophase time of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion were estimated. In normal children, total 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion was range 11.1 to 40.2 μg (mean 19.0 μg, SD 7.4 μg); cosinor percentage rhythm range was 52.9% to 100% (mean 87%, median 94%); and acrophase time range was 23 hours, 54 minutes to 10 hours, 42 minutes (mean 5 hours, 54 minutes; median 4 hours, 12 minutes). Fifth and 95th percentiles were 11.1 to 29.0 μg, 57.8% to 99.9%, and 2 hours, 1 minute to 10 hours, 4 minutes. In tuberous sclerosis, normal patterns of melatonin excretion were seen in responders. Circadian patterns of melatonin excretion were similar in children and adults. We propose that exogenous melatonin can act by a simple sedative action. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:21—25).
Health Service Use in Rett Syndrome
Authors: Moore Hannah , Leonard Helen , de Klerk Nick , Robertson Ian , Fyfe Sue , Christodoulou John , Weaving Linda , Davis Mark , Mulroy Seonaid , Colvin Lyn
Published: October 2007

Rett syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder affecting girls, caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene. There are no population-based data on the extent and determinants of health service use in this disorder. The population-based registry, the Australian Rett Syndrome database, was the source of phenotype data. This also contains data from mutation screening and X-inactivation studies. Data on retrospective ( n = 152) and prospective ( n = 162) health service use were collected in 2000 from a questionnaire and a calendar study, respectively. Health service use was highest in younger cases ( P = .001) and lowest in cases with milder phenotypes ( P < .001). Random X-inactivation was associated with service use ( P = .02). Maternal education, phenotype, and individual mutations were determinants of health service use. The use of a retrospective and prospective data set enabled accurate assessment of service use in Rett syndrome. Both genetic and sociodemographic determinants of health service use were identified, with important implications for the optimal and equitable management of children with Rett syndrome. ( J Child Neurol 2004; 19:42-50).
Frequency and Nature of Cerebellar Injury in the Extremely Premature Survivor with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Johnsen Stanley D. , Bodensteiner John B. , Lotze Timothy E.
Published: October 2007

We report on the frequency and variable nature of magnetic resonance imaging—documented injury to the cerebellum in children with cerebral palsy who had survived a birth with a weight under 1000 g and/or a gestational age under 28 weeks. Thirty of 67 patients who had magnetic resonance images were found to have injury to the cerebellum. Those with cerebellar injury were much more likely to be microcephalic and to be unable to walk or talk. They did not demonstrate a greater frequency of observed injury to the cerebrum. From a larger collection of children with known cerebellar injury and cerebral palsy who had a history of being extremely premature, we found that 35 of 47 patients had prominent injury to the inferior cerebellum, suggesting infarction, whereas the remainder demonstrated varying degrees of cerebellar atrophy with or without asymmetry and four also had enlarged 4th ventricles. Injury to the cerebellum in the extremely premature survivor who has cerebral palsy is common and associated with a more adverse clinical picture. The etiology of this injury is obscure. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:60—64).
Effect of Melatonin Dosage on Sleep Disorder in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Hancock Eleanor , O'Callaghan Finbar , Osborne John P.
Published: October 2007

We report a randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial investigating the response to oral melatonin using two dose regimens in patients with sleep disorders associated with tuberous sclerosis complex. Eight outpatients with tuberous sclerosis complex and sleep disorder received either 5 or 10 mg of melatonin. Sleep latency, total sleep time, number of awakenings, and seizure frequency were recorded in sleep and seizure diaries. No evidence of a dose effect between 5 and 10 mg was seen with respect to any outcome measure. (The 5 mg results are given first: sleep latency, 86 and 76 minutes; total sleep time, 8 hours, 57 minutes and 9 hours, 4 minutes; and sleep fragmentation, 0.8 and 1.0). This study might have missed a small beneficial effect of 10 mg melatonin. We propose that an initial trial of 5 mg melatonin is worth considering in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex and sleep disorder. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:78—80).
Women, Work, and Family in Puerto Rico
Authors: Burgos Nilsa M.
Published: October 2007

This article reviews the literature on women, work, and the family in Puerto Rico. It presents the findings of a study on the significance of work for Puerto Rican women and how women view the roles of men and women in the family. Some changes in the family roles and work of Puerto Rican women are discussed, as are implications of the study's findings for social work practice, social policy, and further research.
Women and Work: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Shatz Eunice O. , Simon Barbara Levy , Nemore Arnold
Published: October 2007

This article investigates the structures that lock women into jobs that offer low pay and minimal security. The argument advanced assumes that the marked inequality of women in the work place serves the perceived interests of powerful groups. To endure, that inequality must be organized and institutionalized. The authors suggest a framework of analysis that faces the nature of the relationships among the sources of power, institutions, and processes that keep women in this unequal position in the work force.
Homeless Women: Characteristics and Needs
Authors: Roth Dee , Toomey Beverly G. , First Richard J.
Published: October 2007

Unlike the popular image of "bag ladies," the 186 women described in this article were homeless primarily because of economic and family problems. These women were interviewed, along with 793 homeless men, in a large statewide study of homeless people in Ohio. The study found that homeless women have a variety of characteristics and problems and that about one-half could be easily rehabilitated and about one-fifth need long-term care. The authors conclude that both individual and structural changes are essential to any solution to the problem of homelessness
Stepmothering: Myth and Realities
Authors: Brown Karen
Published: October 2007

Although the high divorce and remarriage rates have created a concomitant increase in the number of stepfamilies, little is known about this family form—especially the stepmother family. This article reports on an exploratory study of the roles, difficulties, and satisfactions of fifty-one step-mothers in relation to the development of family relationships and family unity. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the research. In addition, major concepts from role theory, family systems theory, and the family life cycle approach contributed to the objective exploration of the subject. The author concludes that the myth of the wicked stepmother may be dispelled if women are presented with information to help them successfully develop the role of stepmother.
The Feminine Self-Concepi of Alcoholic Women
Authors: Bersak Carolyn
Published: October 2007

The relationship between alcoholism in women and feminine self-concept was examined using a researcher-developed instrument and a demographic questionnaire that were administered to 122 female subjects-78 nonalcoholics, who were drawn from community organizations in the area, and 44 alcoholics, who were selected from five New York State treatment centers and one chapter of Alcoholics Anonymous. The nonalcoholic women tended to perceive themselves as being closer to their ideal selves as women, which suggests that they had a higher feminine self-concept than did the alcoholic women. Suggestions are made for elevating the self-concept of alcoholic women in social work practice.
Social Supports and Lesbian Alcoholics
Authors: Schilit Rebecca , Clark W. Mark , Shallenberger Elizabeth Ann
Published: October 2007

The purpose of the study discussed in this article was to investigate the relationship between social support and alcoholism among lesbians. Fifteen lesbian alcoholics and 15 lesbian nonalcoholics were administered a questionnaire covering their childhood and adolescent history, social support systems, history of drinking, and demographic information. The findings suggested that the alcoholic lesbians' current support systems were not as disrupted as had been anticipated. However, the alcoholic lesbians more often reported having had a less supportive childhood and adolescence, feeling unloved and unwanted, experiencing conflict with adults in their families, and having had a parent with a drinking problem. The implications of these findings for treatment are discussed.
The Background of the Present Abortion Controversy
Authors: Chilman Catherine S.
Published: October 2007

The present conflicting attitudes, values, and belief systems regarding public policies on abortion have long roots in the past. A greater understanding of these roots, especially of their variety and complexity in the nineteenth century in this country, can promote a clearer view of current issues. It is particularly illuminating to examine changing abortion policies in the context of religious, economic, medical, social, and political trends in various historical periods and from a feminist perspective. This article presents a brief analytic survey of these topics.
The Effect of Battering on the Employment Status of Women
Authors: Shepard Melanie , Pence Ellen
Published: October 2007

Seventy-one battered women were surveyed to explore the effect of battering on their employment status. Although the majority of the women were working, their work performance was seriously affected by the physical abuse, which resulted in their absenteeism. Furthermore, they had been harassed by their abusers at work. Many women also reported that their abusive partners had interfered either with their attending school or with their obtaining work. Social workers are encouraged to consider abuse-related employment difficulties in the provision of services to women.
Marriage Is the Best Defense: Policy on Marital Rape
Authors: Scheyett Anna
Published: October 2007

Marital rape is a serious problem in this country. However, in 36 states, husbands are protected from prosecution by a marital rape exemption. The origins of this exemption are found in antiquated patriarchal concepts of women. The State is reluctant to abolish the exemption because of the fear that abolition will further the disintegration of the patriarchal family and will shift the balance of power between women and the male State. Feminist social workers must work toward the eradication of this exemption and the patriarchal structure on which it is based.
Women and AIDS: Scapegoats or a Social Problem?
Authors: Lindhorst Taryn
Published: October 2007

Women have been diagnosed with AIDS since the epidemic was discovered nearly a decade ago. However, researchers, funding agencies, and service providers have ignored their special needs and concerns. One reason for this lack of concern is that women with AIDS have not yet been considered a "problem" for society as a whole, even though half the people with AIDS in developing countries and an ever increasing proportion of the diagnosed cases in this country are women. This article explores the process of defining social problems and some factors that promote or inhibit women with AIDS from being so defined and from receiving the resources that a significant problem demands.
Social Work Responds to the Women's Movement
Authors: Simon Barbara Levy
Published: October 2007

Despite the activism of many individual social workers in the first decade of the second wave of the U.S. women's movement, 1963-73, the National Association of Social Workers (NASW), the largest and most visible organization representing professional social workers, was slow to respond to the challenge put forth by liberal, radical, and socialist feminists. However, this delay in response was replaced, from 1973 onward, with an explosion of activity on feminist topics in NASW and in the profession's publications, agencies, and schools. Fifteen years later, feminist activity by social work organizations has become institutionalized and widespread in the face of the assault by the Reagan administration.
Feminist Issues in Textiles and Clothing Research: Working Through/With The Contradictions
Authors: Michelman Susan O. , Kaiser Susan B.
Published: October 2007

This introduction to the focused issue explores confusions and contradictions related to feminist perspectives in textiles and clothing research. Contributions to this issue represent various perspectives on and approaches to feminism, delving in diverse ways into the ambivalent nature of textiles, clothing, style, and fashion in women's everyday lives. The introduction also examines how we define such issues as feminine and feminist and how problematic binary oppositions such as politics versus aesthetics, masculinity versus femininity, femininity versus feminism, etc., have the effect of fostering either/or thinking at the expense of more complex, bothland, ambivalent, embodied, and other ways of knowing. The authors hope this issue will help to move ITAA toward an increasingly critical and inclusive dialogue with feminist scholars.
Listening to Jane Cunningham Croly's "Talks with Women": Issues of Gender, Dress, and Reform in Demorest's Monthly Magazine
Authors: Nelson Nancy J.
Published: October 2007

This paper explores how popular women's magazines promoted change in women's roles and reform in dress during the nineteenth century. Selected writings about women and dress for Demorest's Monthly Magazine by its editor, Jane Cunningham Croly, are examined. A journalist and women's rights advocate, Croly wrote in support of women's advancement and tied issues of women in society to reform in dress and appearance. A fashion-oriented woman's magazine, Demorest's popularity was comparable to that of other such periodicals of the day, including Godey's Ladies Book.

"Talks With Women," a column written by Croly and published in Demorest's are interpreted for indication of the ways that reform issues were incorporated into the popular press. The framework of gender as a category of analysis within the area of women's history is used for a discussion of the relevance of Croly's writings for contemporary interpretations of dress and gender identity. This discussion is structured around the following themes: (a) women and society, (b) women and fashion, and (c) women, dress, and reform. Croly's perspectives on women and dress were found to be similar to others of her day; however, her ability to make ideas espoused by various reform groups palatable to the audience of a fashion-oriented woman's magazine sets her apart from her contemporaries in the woman's magazine industry.
Gender in Magazine Advertising: Skin Sells Best
Authors: Thompson Mary J.
Published: October 2007

This study involves an analysis of 2007 fashion advertisements published in Gentlemen's Quarterly (GQ) and Vogue between 1964, at the beginning of the sexual revolution, and 1994, to see if there were changes in the use of sexual attire and nudity. The analysis indicates that this use increased in GQ, as well as Vogue, suggesting that the sexual objectification of both men's and women's bodies increased over the forty-year period.
Lines Have Been Drawn: Gender Gaps in Merchandising, Retailing and Consumer Behavior Publications
Authors: Kotsiopulos Antigone
Published: October 2007

Historical documentation of the role of women in retail development has been limited. While the Department of Commerce reports that women now own 40 percent of all service sector businesses, women remain underrepresented in significant ways. Many of the publications we utilize to educate and communicate with those studying merchandising, retailing and consumer behavior, are not inclusive. In this day and age it is difficult to believe that the lines which have been drawn are unintentional rather than purposeful, however, the author remains hopeful. In order to earn respect for our contributions to business development and the discipline, people must be aware of, and value, what has been accomplished This article presents several recommendations for strengthening our communication with key writers and decision makers in business, industry and education in an attempt to close the gap.
Looking Back to Look Forward: Reflections on Women's Issues (Feminism?) in Academe
Authors: Laughlin Joan M.
Published: October 2007

In the late 1950s, if women went to college, the options were teaching, nursing or home economics. Mary Bunting (1961) labeled what women were permitted do with their education as the "climate of unexpectation. " The Equal Pay Act of 1963 did not come until after my first year of professional employment. Do we share with women students that, until 1963, it was legal to pay men more than women for the same work? As a "new" untenured Assistant Professor at a four year college, I encountered, for the first time the bias that textiles and clothing is not a "legitimate" (translation: "scholarly") area of study for college and university students. In some ways, attitudes and behaviors of my sibling were preparation for the challenges and frustrations of decisions that were not gender-neutral. The frustrations of being treated as less than a full partner in the academy remain with me. Defending programs were life-altering events, moving me from one who was less committed to equity and women's development, to one who chose the option of addressing issues of women in academe in a public forum. I believed, and continue to believe, in hard work and high standard of excellence; but more importantly, I have observed multiple instances when women must be a full measure better than men to achieve the same hallmarks of career success, such as, tenure or promotion. A residue of these experiences is limited patience with women in academe who are non-starters.
Diversity of Research in Textiles, Clothing, and Human Behavior: The Relationship Between What We Know and How We Know
Authors: Lennon Sharron J. , Burns Leslie D.
Published: October 2007

In any field it is important to understand how knowledge is produced and how the production of knowledge affects what is known. Put another way, how have the conclusions drawn from research in textiles, clothing, and human behavior been structured by and affected by the research questions posed, the methods used to collect data, or even the training of its scholars? In this paper we offer a matrix of dimensions as an outline for analyzing research focusing on human behavior as it is related to textiles and clothing. Five broad dimensions are suggested for use in organizing research and in providing insight as to how knowledge in this field has been produced: (a) type of strategy used, (b) time frame, (c) origin of data elicited, (d) technique of data elicitation, and (e) qualitative or quantitative treatment of data. Each dimension is discussed, examples are provided, and related limitations are presented. Given the dimensions presented, we conclude with a discussion of how knowledge is shaped by how it is produced.
Use of the Need for Uniqueness Scale to Characterize Fashion Consumer Groups
Authors: Workman Jane E. , Kidd Laura K.
Published: October 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify differences between fashion opinion leaders, fashion innovators, innovative communicators, and fashion followers in their need for uniqueness. It was predicted that fashion change agents (i.e., fashion opinion leaders, fashion innovators, and innovative communicators) would have a greater need for uniqueness than fashion followers. Participants in this study were 264 students enrolled in a U.S. university located in the Midwest (males = 110, females =154) who represented a variety of majors. Hirschman and Adcock's (1978) Measure of Innovativeness and Opinion Leadership was used to identify the four fashion consumer groups. Need for uniqueness was measured by Fromkin and Lipshitz's (1976) Need for Uniqueness Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. There was a significant difference in scores on the Need for Uniqueness Scale between fashion followers and fashion change agents (fashion opinion leaders, fashion innovators, innovative communicators, who did not differfrom one another). Results suggest that fashion change agents have a greater need for uniqueness than fashion followers. Implications for uniqueness theory and consumer behavior relative to fashion are included.
Dress in a Postmodern Era: An Analysis of Aesthetic Expression and Motivation
Authors: Henderson Betsy , DeLong Marilyn
Published: October 2007

Aesthetic expression of dress was examined by interviewing 15 midwestern university students. The objective was to understand the style development process and the motivations for clothing selection. The responses of participants selecting clothing from a variety of purchasing locations were analyzed. The purchasing sources examined were vintage or used clothing stores, a variety of sources used by cross-shoppers, and mainstream or mass market locations. In-depth interviews were analyzed for content. Aesthetic themes or categories emerged that helped to define differences: event dressing, imaging gender, variety clothes versus signature clothes, apparel meanings, process of ensemble, and customization of clothing purchases. These categories were analyzed and compared with those identified in the literature and with postmodern characteristics outlined by Evans and Thornton (1989). Understanding individual motivations in aesthetic expression and sourcing locations will aid in the study of fashion change.
Textile Handcraft Guild Participation: A Conduit to Successful Aging
Authors: Schofield-Tomschin Sherry , Littrell Mary A.
Published: October 2007

The purpose of this study was to explore inductively older women's involvement in textile handcraft guilds as a conduit for successful aging. Research salient to textile handcraft guilds and the process of aging provided a base from which the study was launched. Data collection included qualitative methods, using a constant comparative procedure of coding and interpreting data gathered through interviews with 30 craftwomen informants. Analysis revealed that the data split into two distinct themes pertaining to successful aging: (a) components realized by the self, or Craft as I; and (b) components that required the involvement of other individuals to be realized, or Guild as We. Through guild membership, women made a conscious effort to provide structure to their lives. The women were able to achieve affective as well as cognitive experiences through craft participation and the finished products. A grounded theory and model of guild membership for successful aging emerged.
Consumers' Acceptance of Unethical Clothing Consumption Activities: Influence of Cultural Identification, Ethnicity, and Machiavellianism
Authors: Shen Dong , Dickson Marsha A.
Published: October 2007

We studied the influence of clothing consumers' ethnicity, cultural identification, and one personality characteristic, Machiavellianism, on acceptance of unethical clothing consumption activities. Using a survey of 127 Chinese and U.S. students, the following findings were obtained: 1) those more closely identifying with U.S. culture tend to be more accepting of unethical clothing consumption activities than those identifying with Chinese culture, 2) ethnicity moderates the influence of cultural identification on consumers' acceptance of unethical clothing consumption activities, 3) those who are more Machiavellian accept more unethical behaviors than those who are less Machiavellian, and 4) both cultural identification and Machiavellianism significantly explain variance in consumers' acceptance of unethical clothing consumption activities. The findings of this study contribute to the development of a consumer ethics model.
Clothing and Textiles: Future by Emergent Design
Authors: Horn Marilyn J.
Published: October 2007

A national Futures Seminar, organized by ACPTC's Future Development Committee, was held in Minneapolis in April 1983. The seminar gave impetus to a series of subregional workshops which identified strengths and weaknesses of the field of textiles and clothing as a basis for future planning. The interrelationships among these strengths and weaknesses/opportunities and threats are discussed here in the context of a college or university setting. Because the issues involved are inextricably interrelated, the author contends they cannot be resolved in piecemeal fashion. It is further suggested that perhaps one of the reasons that we have not yet found the solutions to our problems is because we may not be asking the right questions.
The Ecological Alternative: An Option for the Future
Authors: Pedersen Elaine L.
Published: October 2007

Professionals have traditionally used a linear, unifocal approach to the study of textiles and clothing. Since families do not select their clothing and textile products uninfluenced by their environment, the use of an ecosystem framework is suggested. Included among the benefits of this approach are increased visibility, support for interaction with home economics colleagues, and an expanded research base. The ecosystem approach will provide a means to enable professionals to aid families by using clothing in making adjustments to their changing environment. Support for the adoption of an ecological framework is given along with illustrations of how it . may be applied.
Does the Costume and Textile Historian Have a Place in the Future?
Authors: Paoletti Jo B.
Published: October 2007

The purpose of this paper is to consider the contributions that might be made by costume and textile historians to the development of a futures consciousness in our teaching, research, and professional activities. Historians are trained to perceive time as a continuum and to look for connections between present and past. Implicit in the study of history is the assumption that studying the past helps us anticipate the future. Applying this view to courses in costume and textiles history will help our students become more alert to future trends. In a similar manner, historic research can provide a sound basis for studies of current issues in clothing and textiles. Finally, costume and textile historians can serve their profession by exploring the history of our own field, thereby laying the foundation for future planning.
Ethnic Identity: Its Relationship to Ethnic and Contemporary Dress
Authors: Forney Judith C. , Rabolt Nancy J.
Published: October 2007

An ethnic identity is reflected through intrinsic and extrinsic traits which also may be associated with other ethnic behaviors. This study investigated ethnic identity as it relates to traditional ethnic dress patterns, and use of ethnic reference persons and ethnic market sources as information on contemporary dress. A sample of 117 students identifying with one of seven ethnic heritages was analyzed as a pooled group with separate analyses for the Chinese and Japanese. Analyses included Spearman rho correlations and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results indicated a relationship between ethnic identity and ethnic dress usage. Individuals with higher ethnic identities used family, ethnics other than family, ethnic fashion magazines, and ethnic fashion shows as sources of information on dress; however, the relationship with ethnic identity and the use of these sources varied according to ethnic heritage.
Attitudes of Retailers and College Educators Toward Fashion Retail Internships
Authors: Sheldon Gwen
Published: October 2007

This study examined the attitudes of retailers and college educators toward fashion retail internships to provide information useful in the development of meaningful and realistic retail internships. The attitudes were related to characteristics influencing retailer participation in internship programs, intern selection criteria used by retailers, prerequisite coursework to internships, and activities to which interns should be exposed. Groups compared in the study were (a) retailers and educators, (b) different types of stores (department, specialty, and discount), (c) chain and non-chain stores, and (d) main and branch stores. The results showed some significant differences in all the comparison groups. The major differences were related to the amount of exposure to buyer-related activities interns should receive versus manager and salesperson-related activities. Educators (compared to retailers), non-chain stores (compared to chain stores), and main (compared to branch) department stores indicated that interns should receive more exposure to buyer related activities.
On Peacocks and Peahens: A Cross-Cultural Investigation of the Effects of Economic Development on Sex Differences in Dress
Authors: Balkwell Carolyn
Published: October 2007

The proposition that men dressed at least as elaborately as women in preindustrial cultures was investigated using data from the Human Relations Area Files. Content analyses of the materials listed under Trait 291 (normal garb—including ordinary dress and description of garments for men and women) and Trait 301 (ornament-including jewelry and hair ornaments) were performed. A global judgment was made for each culture regarding which sex wore the most complex or ornate clothing and ornament. A total of 161 cultures had sufficient information to form this judgment and also were coded for percentage of the subsistence economy dependent on gathering, hunting, fishing, animal husbandry and agriculture in Murdock's Ethnographic Atlas. Chi-square analyses, non-parametric correlations, comparison of means and multiple discriminant function analyses were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that the economic activities characteristic of agrarian societies (animal husbandry and agriculture) were associated with ornate females. Less advanced economic activities characteristic of folk societies were associated with ornate males and/or no sex differences in dress.
Salience of Disability Cues in Functional Clothing: A Multidimensional Approach
Authors: Wingate Stacy B. , Kaiser Susan B. , Freeman Carla M.
Published: October 2007

This paper provides data on perceptions of functional clothing, augmenting a theoretical framework integrating symbolicinteractionist and cognitive approaches. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 322 physically disabled university students throughout the nation. One half of the students evaluated line drawings of only one view of each clothing style, whereas the other half rated illustrations presenting an additional view detailing the special, functional feature of the garment. The students responded more negatively to the functional clothing when the special feature was made salient. Factor analyses revealed the multidimensionality of meanings assigned to functional clothing, with evaluative, functional, and noticeability dimensions being most common. The complex, joint effects of sex, onset of disability, and wheelchair usage upon the students' responses point to the problematic nature of identifying common needs among persons with physical disabilities. Theoretical and real world implications are discussed.
Effect of Garment Style on the Perception of Personal Traits
Authors: Paek Soae L.
Published: October 2007

The personal traits formed by perceivers of a stranger clothed in two sets of polar garment styles, daring-conservative and dressy-casual, were investigated in this study. The relationship between clothing interest ratings of subject and personal trait ratings of each garment style was also explored. The cues conveyed by four garment styles on the judgment of 18 personal traits evaluated on 1-7 semantic differential ratings revealed that a stranger dressed in conservative and casual styles was perceived to be more self-controlled, understanding, and reliable, whereas a person dressed in daring style was regarded as more attractive and individualistic than a person clothed in other clothing styles. On the other hand, a stranger clothed in dressy style conveyed social unease and dependency on others.

Significant positive correlations were found between the clothing interest ratings of subjects and several personal traits of daring garment style, while significant negative correlations were disclosed between the former and attractive and popular traits of conservative and casual styles. These findings seem to indicate that first impression conveyed by different clothing styles was also influenced by the clothing interest of perceivers.
The Regional Apparel Mart As a Service Industry: Measurements of Buyer Perceptions
Authors: Summers Teresa A. , Church Gabie E.
Published: October 2007

The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of the regional apparel mart as a producer service using a service organization theory. To meet the needs of its potential clients, a service organization must recognize three stages in its clients' opinions of the abilities of the organization to satisfy their needs. Interest, the first stage, was determined from perceptions of retail buyers using the mart and its services. Four hundred ninety-nine apparel buyers responded to a mailed questionnaire. Four areas of buyer interest in the mart and its services— convenience, travel, comfort, and location— were revealed through factor analysis. Analysis of variance showed that factor scores for the four buyer interest factors differed significantly by buyer characteristics of market sources utilized, years of buying experience, sex, age, workload, and distance traveled to attend market. The regional apparel mart can be described as a producer service organization using a service organization theory. Results from this study add specificity to the interest stage of the service organization theory for a particular type of producer service organization—the regional apparel mart. Further application of the theory to mart operations is suggested.
Singles and Sex-Roles: Are There Differences in the Clothing Prepurchase Process?
Authors: Bruner Gordon C.
Published: October 2007

Little published research exists concerning the differences between single males and females in their prepurchase decision processes. In particular, no known research has investigated the relationship between gender and style of recognizing fashion needs. This paper reports on a study concerned with these issues. Based on the sample, single males were clearly different from single females in style of recognizing clothing problems, shopping orientations, quantity ofshopping trips, and importance placed on information sources. Implications of these results for decision theory, business application, and consumer economics are discussed.
Using the Design Process to Teach Functional Apparel Design
Authors: Watkins Susan M.
Published: October 2007

The use of a process framework for teaching functional apparel design is discussed as it relates to developing students' creative problem-solving abilities. A typical design process framework is presented, and practical approaches to implementing the various stages of the design process in the functional apparel design classroom are discussed. References from works on creative thinking are used to support the author's premise that the development of the "process" orientation is, over the long run, more important to design education than a "product" orientation.
The Feminist in the Workplace: Applications to a Contextual Study of Dress
Authors: Koch Kathryn E. , Dickey Lois E.
Published: October 2007

Selected attitudes toward career-related apparel of employed women differing in feminist orientation and work status were investigated. A three-part questionnaire was mailed to 1000 panelists of a national consumer mail panel who represented women between the ages of 25 and 45, employed full-time in either professional, managerial/administrative, or clerical occupations. Multiple regression analysis of data revealed a significant relationship between feminist orientation and six of the eight clothing attitudes investigated. Whereas no significant relationship was found between work status and the clothing attitudes, significant interaction between feminist orientation and work status was found on three of the attitudes. Findings indicate that feminist orientation, as one measure of personal values and interests, and occupational situation, as an example of an environmental factor, are both influential in determining attitudes toward dress.
Free Trade Between Canada and the United States: Implications for Clothing and Textiles
Authors: Wall Marjorie , Dickerson Kitty
Published: October 2007

The clothing and textile industries in the United States and Canada are likely to be affected significantly by the proposed free trade agreement now being considered by the two countries. This paper provides a comparison of the clothing and textile industries in the two nations as well as data on trade in this sector between the two. Potential implications of free trade in clothing and textiles are presented from the perspectives of manufacturers, retailers, policy makers, and consumers.
Attitudes Toward Imported and Domestic Apparel Among College Students: The Fishbein Model and External Variables
Authors: Shim Soyeon , Morris Nancy J. , Morgan George A.
Published: October 2007

The purpose of this study was to test the role of external variables on attitudes toward imported and domestic apparel among college students by utilizing Fishbein's Attitude Model. External variables included demographics, clothing attitudes, students' self-perceptions, and level of fashion involvement. Data were obtained from a questionnaire that was completed by 741 students enrolled in randomly selected classes at a major Western university. Statistical analysis of results included t-tests, stepwise multiple regression, and stepwise discriminant analysis. The attitude toward imported clothing was influenced by the level of fashion involvement, the prestige clothing attitude, the social activities clothing attitude, and social acceptance, in that order of importance. The attitude toward domestic clothing was influenced by the level offashion involvement, social acceptance, the social activities clothing attitude, and the garment styling clothing attitude, in that order of importance. Overall, students indicated a more favorable attitude toward domestic apparel than imported apparel. Those who preferred imported apparel and those who preferred domestic apparel were identified. The prestige clothing attitude, age, race, and major appeared as discriminant variables between attitude toward imported clothing and attitude toward domestic clothing.
Imported Apparel: Retail Buyers' Reasons for Foreign Procurement
Authors: Sternquist Brenda , Tolbert Sheila , Davis Bonnie
Published: October 2007

As initial assemblers of merchandise assortments, retail buyers play a critical role in determining what clothing will be available to consumers. This study examined retail buyers' reasons for procuring imported apparel. Sixty-nine retail buyers for specialty, department, and discount stores were the subjects of the study. All subjects strongly believed that imports offer better quality for price than domestic products do. There were significant differences between buyers in specialty stores and buyers in discount stores on the question of exclusive merchandise andprivate branding: specialty store buyers indicated that these were important reasons for their buying imports.

Analysis of covariance and stepwise multiple regression were used to examine the influence of age, education, salary, and position experience upon buyers' responses. Implications of these findings for domestic apparel manufacturers are discussed.
Clothing and Human Behavior from a Social Cognitive Framework Part I: Theoretical Perspectives
Authors: Lennon Sharron J. , Davis Leslie L.
Published: October 2007

This paper represents Part I of a two-part paper which integrates theory and research in social cognition with research in clothing and human behavior. Part I addresses theoretical perspectives of social cognition including social perception, categorization, attribution theory, and impression formation. Issues from these theoretical perspectives are used to interpret existing clothing and human behavior research and to suggest possible future research.
CAD/CAM in the Textile and Apparel Industry
Authors: Collier Billie J. , Collier John R.
Published: October 2007

CAD/CAM technology is becoming increasingly apparent in the textile and apparel industries in the U.S. These applications are reviewed, and integration of CAD/CAM technology throughout the production and marketing chain is emphasized and explored. Adoption of voluntary standards of electronic data usage is central to such integration. Training of students in textiles and clothing in the importance of electronic communication, as well as in the software and hardware involved, is an important task of textile and clothing educators. Additionally, the linkages between textile and apparel production and distribution should be emphasized, and the facilitation of these linkages is suggested as an important research focus.
Effects of Fiber Content Labeling on Perception of Apparel Characteristics
Authors: Workman Jane E.
Published: October 2007

The purposes of this study were to examine stereotypic perceptions associated with the fiber content of jeans and to determine if a prejudice exists againstjeans made of polyester. In an experimental design the independent variable was four variations of hangtag information: 100% cotton, 100% polyester, 50% cotton/50% polyester, and no fiber content information. The dependent variable was a list of attributes associated with jeans which subjects evaluated by checking 7-point Likert-type scales. Two variations of the study were conducted in order to test for stereotypic perceptions and to determine if a prejudice exists against polyester jeans. Results indicated jeans labeled 100% polyester were characterized as low quality garments that were of low quality fabric and construction and not likely to be purchased by college students. Thus, it appears there is a stereotype associated with polyester; however, there is not a prejudice against polyester jeans as subjects did not misperceive or disregard information (100% cotton fabric) that conflicted with the polyester stereotype.
Comparison of the Anthropometry of Black Males and White Males with Implications for Pants Fit
Authors: Giddings Valerie Littlejohn , Boles Joann Ferguson
Published: October 2007

Eighty-nine black males and 94 white males between the ages of 18 and 30 were investigated to determine whether (1) the two groups differed in their ability to obtain properly fitting pants, (2) differences existed in their anthropometric morphology, and (3) a pants pattern could be developed that would fit the group with the greater difficulty. Results from the pants fit questionnaire indicated that the black males needed pants alterations more often than the white males. An analysis of the anthropometric data revealed a difference between black males and white males for various body measurements. A sample pants pattern was developed to fit the average measurements of the black group. The fit of the pants was evaluated on a body with the average measurments. A panel of judges gave the pants an overall good rating on fit.
Predicting Students' Attitudes and Satisfactions: Implications for Strategic Planning in Higher Education
Authors: Shim Soyeon , Morgan George A.
Published: October 2007

The purposes of the study were (1) to investigate the effects of academic/career factors, social and self influences, occupational orientation, and individual characteristics on students' attitudes toward their majors and satisfaction with their majors/departments and (2) to examine the impact of initial expectations of one's major/department, perceived performance, and disconfirmation on the students' current satisfaction level with their majors/departments. Data (n = 718) were collectedfrom 16 major universities across the nation. As a result of a series of multiple regression analyses, students' perceptions of their courses and of the image of their proposed careers appeared to have the most significant impact on students' attitudes toward their major, while course perceptions, overall university satisfaction, attitude toward one's major, and occupational orientation were the most significant factors for students' satisfaction with their major/department. In investigating the impact of initial expectation, perceived performance, and disconfirmation on satisfaction, perceived performance was the most important factor in predicting satisfaction regardless of initial expectation or disconfirmation. Implications for strategic planning and further research recommendations are discussed.