bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of changes in fractional anisotropy of different brain parts during the progression of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Vlasova Irina A. , Trufanov Artem G. , Litvinenko Igor' V. , Odinak Miroslav M.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease, in second place in terms of incidence in the world after Alzheimer's disease. It is currently believed that the presymptomatic stages of Parkinson's disease are mainly associated with degeneration of the subcortical and vegetetive nervous systems, and lesions of the cerebral cortex appear on later stages of the disease, however, it is of interest to study in more detail the involvement of the pathways of the brain in the pathological process in depending the disease progression.
OBJECTIVE: to study features of damage to the brain pathways during the progression of Parkinson's disease by magnetic resonance tractography.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: 88 patients with Parkinson's disease were examined (stage II disease — 42 people, stage III — 46 people according to the Hoehn and Yahr scale). The control group consisted of 35 people who did not differ in gender. All patients included in the study underwent a neurological examination, as well as magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with diffusion tensor imaging.
RESULTS: We found that with increasing stage of Parkinson's disease, there was a significant increase in fractional anisotropy in the hippocampus, insular cortex, and inferior and superior temporal sulcus cortex in patients with Parkinson's disease; we also noted a significant decrease in putamen fractional anisotropy.
CONCLUSION: the tractography study of the brain pathways during disease progression is a promising method that allows us to clarify in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, including the role of extra-nigral pathology in the development of some non-motor disorders.
Medical and social consequences of confusion syndrome that developed in the acute period of ischemic stroke
Authors: Khlystov Yuriy V. , Tsygan Nikolay V. , Kolomentsev Sergey V. , Kurasov Evgeny S. , Odinak Miroslav M. , Litvinenko Igor' V.
Published: December 2023

AIM: To assess the dynamics of cognitive functions in patients in whom the acute period of ischemic stroke was accompanied by the confusion syndrome, in comparison with patients in whom the acute period of stroke was not accompanied by the development of confusion. To assess the impact of clinical features of confusion syndrome on the development of post-stroke cognitive impairment, mortality, and patient care burden.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 99 patients, 55 of whom developed severe confusion during the acute period of stroke, and 44 patients whose ischemic stroke was not complicated by the development of confusion syndrome. The groups were homogeneous in terms of the main etiological factors: age, degree of pre-stroke cognitive impairment. The study assessed the impact of the development of confusional syndrome on the outcome.
RESULTS: Confusion syndrome that develops in the acute period of ischemic stroke significantly increases the risk of developing or worsening existing cognitive impairment, mortality, dependence on care, and the burden on caregivers.
CONCLUSION: Being a serious complication, confusion syndrome requires monitoring of qualitative and quantitative indicators of consciousness in the acute period of ischemic stroke, prevention and, if detected, immediate correction of confusion syndrome.
The method for assessing the severity and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment neuropathic pain syndrome
Authors: Kolomentsev Sergey V. , Kolomentseva Anna V. , Polezhaev Peter A. , Yaroslavtseva Marina S. , Kirpichenko Anna A. , Ryabtsev Aleksandr V. , Polushina Natalia Y. , Tsygan Nikolay V. , Litvinenko Igor' V.
Published: December 2023

The existing difficulties in objectifying the patient’s complaints about the severity of the pain syndrome create the need to create new practical tools for assessing its intensity, as well as monitoring the effectiveness of treatment. Based on the accumulated experience of providing care to patients with neuropathic pain syndrome of traumatic genesis, the staff of the M.I. Astvatsaturov Clinic of Nervous Diseases of the Kirov Military Medical Academy has developed a method for assessing the severity and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment of neuropathic pain syndrome. The method is based on the patient’s auto-monitoring of his pain sensations during one day with the sequential fixation of the average hourly indicator of the severity of the pain experienced on an 11-point digital rating scale, as well as indicating the duration and quality of sleep in a daily graphic pain diary. The doctor evaluates the average daily and total daily pain indicators, as well as sleep parameters. The developed method has high visibility and reproducibility, has been tested, implemented and is used at the Kirov Military Medical Academy in the treatment of patients with neuropathic pain syndrome.
Features of blast-induced traumatic brain injury
Authors: Nikishin Vasiliy O. , Litvinenko Igor' V. , Naumov Konstantin M.
Published: December 2023

Traumatic brain injury, despite its prevalence and study, is the most urgent issue of medicine in clinical, social and military-medical significance. In Russia, about 500 thousand people receive a traumatic brain injury every year, and the damage to the country’s economy exceeds 500 billion rubles a year. Traumatic brain injury is damage by mechanical energy to the skull and intracranial contents (brain, meninges, vessels, cranial nerves), accompanied by clinical symptoms and, in most cases, morphological changes. Recently, blast-induced traumatic brain injury has acquired particular importance, which is due to the change in modern tactics of warfare and the predominance of explosive trauma in the structure of all injuries. The features of blast-induced traumatic brain injury are associated with a variety of factors affecting a person (shock wave, light, heat radiation, fragments, etc.). Such a multifactorial effect on a person makes it difficult to identify a blast-induced traumatic brain injury, especially a brain concussion. This is due to a possible combination of damage to different organs and systems of a person during an explosion, which can simulate or mask a brain concussion. When diagnosing a traumatic brain injury, it is especially important to assess the circumstances and information from witnesses of the event, which often presents a certain complexity in the conditions of hostilities. Currently, methods for detecting symptoms of instability, visual and disorders of other sensory systems involved in maintaining balance are considered as a promising direction for the diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury. It is also important to note that patients who have suffered a traumatic brain injury have a risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. All this further emphasizes the relevance of traumatic brain injury and the existing need to develop an optimal algorithm for the examination of such patients.
Epidemiology of pain in spinal cord injury
Authors: Ivolgin Aleksander F. , Mazur Andrey S. , Litvinenko Igor' V. , Tsygan Nikolay V. , Avseitseva Tatyana Y. , Yakovleva Viktoriya A.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: The original Pain syndrome in spinal cord injury, which by its nature is one of the most severe and debilitating conditions, can lead to a deterioration in the quality of life, depression, sleep disorders and, as a consequence, a decrease in the results of rehabilitation treatment. This article will present epidemiological data of pain syndrome in spinal cord injury.
AIM: To study the structure and features of pain syndrome in patients with spinal cord injury.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical data on a sample of patients with pain syndrome in spinal cord injury are analyzed (n = 75). The study group was represented by male patients (100%), whose average age was 36 years, undergoing inpatient treatment on the basis of the National Medical Research Center for High Medical Technologies — A.A. Vishnevsky Central Military Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Defense, Russia. The analysis of pain syndrome in this cohort was carried out on 8 indicators at once: neurological level of injury, localization of pain, intensity of pain, motor neurological deficit, degree of damage to the anatomical integrity of the spinal cord, the presence of a neuropathic component, the type of pain syndrome and characteristic pain descriptors.
RESULTS: According to the classification of pain in spinal cord injury, proposed by an international consensus of clinicians and researchers, the prevalence of various types of pain among the study group was presented as follows: neuropathic — 64%, nociceptive — 32, dysfunctional — 4%. Analyzing various subtypes of neuropathic pain, pain below the injury level dominated — 72%.
CONCLUSION: The most common and difficult to stop variant in the structure of pain syndrome in patients with spinal cord injury is neuropathic pain.
Problems of diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain syndrome in patients with variants of the structure of peripheral nerves. A series of clinical cases
Authors: Bulatov Al'bert R. , Kolesnik Tatyana A. , Boykova Александра A. , Litvinenko Igor' V. , Tsygan Nikolay V.
Published: December 2023

AIM: To assess the presence of variants of the structure of peripheral nerves as possible risk factors for chronic pain syndrome on the example of a series of clinical cases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The systematization and analysis of data from domestic and foreign literature on pathophysiology, clinic, diagnosis and treatment of complex regional pain syndrome has been carried out. Research method: system analysis, presentation of a series of clinical cases.
RESULTS: A series of clinical cases is presented. The main risk factors for chronic pain syndrome are presented. The conditions and diseases that need to be differentially diagnosed if complex regional pain syndrome is suspected are systematized: tunnel syndromes (carpal tunnel syndrome), diabetic polyneuropathy, HIV polyneuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, neurogenic claudication/lumbar stenosis, central post-stroke pain, upper thoracic syndrome apertures.
CONCLUSION: Today, practitioners and neurophysiologists are not sufficiently aware of the existence of interneural anastomoses and features, typical electroneuromyographic signs, as a result of which in most cases the obtained electroneuromyographic data are interpreted erroneously. Variants of the structure of nerves can give an incorrect clinical picture of the condition of peripheral nerves and lead to untimely diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome. Improvements in diagnostic methods, as well as widely introduced high-tech examination methods, in particular electroneuromyography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound, are helping to increase the frequency of detection of abnormalities in the structure of peripheral nerves. In the presented clinical cases, patients had structural variants that gave an incorrect clinical picture of the condition of the peripheral nerves and led to untimely diagnosis and treatment — the development of chronic pain syndrome.
Altered neural reward processing is associated with reward-related decision-making in adolescents with severe obesity
Authors: Rajan Laya , Pearce Alaina , Mackey Eleanor , Nadler Evan , Vaidya Chandan
Published: December 2023

Obesity is associated with altered food-related reward processing, but its impact on non-food reward remains unclear. This question is both timely due to rising rates of severe obesity and important because adolescence is a period of heightened reward seeking behavior. We used computational modeling and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine monetary reward processing using classic experimental tasks in 35 adolescents (14-18 years-old, 13 male) with severe obesity (OB; n=18) and without obesity (nonOB; n=17). Participants completed the Balloon Analog Risk Taking Task (BART) to assess reward-related decision-making and the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task to assess neural correlates of reward anticipation. BART model-based parameters revealed no differences in reward sensitivity but less adaptive decision-making (response consistency) in OB compared to nonOB. Other metrics (e.g., number of balloons popped, number of pumps, and total points) did not differ between groups. During MID reward anticipation, OB had lower activation than nonOB in ventral tegmental area (VTA) and prefrontal cortex, canonical regions for reward and cognitive control, respectively. Weight status moderated associations between VTA activation and BART metrics such that higher VTA activation was associated with more risky decision-making (more popped balloons) in OB but not nonOB. Functional connectivity of VTA with right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and left superior temporal gyrus (STG) was greater higher in OB than nonOB. Associations between value-related VTA-STG connectivity and BART metrics were moderated by weight status such that higher connectivity was associated with greater number of pumps and points for nonOB and less risky decision-making for OB. Therefore, differences in activation and connectivity between groups may suggest differences in decision-making strategies. Together, findings reveal that VTA, prefrontal, and temporal engagement during monetary reward anticipation differs in OB and nonOB adolescents and may contribute to individual differences in reward-related decision-making. Such domain-general alteration of reward processing may have far reaching consequences, not only for food intake but also functions central to motivational behavior such as learning and socialization during adolescence, a sensitive period in development. These findings highlight the importance of considering reward more broadly when designing and tailoring behavioral interventions in adolescent obesity
Acute kidney injury due to cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis as the initial presentation of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Mohan Dhanya
Published: December 2023

Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis presents with systemic vasculitis including vasculitic rash, fever, peripheral neuropathy and rarely renal involvement. This could be secondary to infections like hepatitis C, malignancies like myeloma, Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We encountered a patient who presented with fever, anemia, purpuric skin rash and acute kidney injury due to acute glomerulonephritis with nephritic picture and fluid overload that required hemodialysis.Investigations revealed hemolytic anemia, cryoglobulinemia, proliferative glomerulonephritis with Ig M intra-capillary deposits and hyaline thrombi. Bone marrow biopsy clinched the diagnosis of Chronic lymphocytic B cell lymphoma with CD 20 positivity. Treatment was instituted with Rituximab and Bendamustine. Plasmapheresis was done for hyperviscosity syndrome. With treatment, hemodialysis could be discontinued after 10 weeks and renal functions recovered partially with serum creatinine settling at 1.5 mg/dl. We present this case to highlight the presentation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis that presented with purpura and rapidly progressive renal failure that required dialysis.
Effect of the SDKI, SLKI, and SIKI Education Program on Nurses' Attitudes on Nursing Documentation
Authors: Jeanifer Umboh Morenita , Mediawati Ati Surya , Somantri Irman
Published: December 2023

Standardized nursing language must be accurately communicated between nurses and other healthcare professionals. Based on the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number HK.01.07/MENKES/425/2020 concerning professional standards for nurses, the documentation of nursing care refers to Indonesian nursing diagnosis standard (SDKI), Indonesian nursing outcomes standard (SLKI), Indonesian nursing intervention standard (SIKI). This study aimed to determine the effect of the Indonesian nursing diagnosis standard (SDKI), Indonesian nursing outcomes standard (SLKI), Indonesian nursing intervention standard (SIKI) education program’s goal attainment and interaction approach of Imogene M. King’s theory on nurses’ attitudes toward nursing documentation in the Inpatient Room. The method of this study was quasi-experimental with one group pre-test and post-test design. The sampling technique used a total sampling of 41 nurses. The analysis implemented the Wilcoxon Signed Test. The results showed differences in nurses’ attitudes toward cognitive aspects (p-value, 0.002<0.05), nurses’ attitudes toward affective aspects (p-value, 0.001<0.05), and nurses’ attitudes toward conative of the Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis standard (SDKI) nursing documentation (p-value, -0.001<0.05). There are differences in nurses’ attitudes toward cognitive aspects (p-value, 0.001<0.05), nurses’ attitudes toward affective aspects (p-value, -0.001<0.05), and nurses’ attitudes toward conative aspects of the Indonesian nursing output standard (SLKI) nursing documentation (p-value, -0.001<0.05). There are differences in nurses’ attitudes toward cognitive aspects (p-value, -0.001<0.05), nurses’ attitudes toward affective aspects (p-value, -0.001<0.05), and nurses’ attitudes toward conative aspects of the Indonesian nursing intervention standard (SIKI) nursing documentation (p-value, -0.001<0.05).
Socio-demographic, economic and behavioral determinants of loss to follow-up status among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in southern Benin in 2020
Authors: Sossa-Jerome Charles , Salami Lamidhi , Adjaffon Rebecca , Paraiso Moussiliou N.
Published: December 2023

Background: The recurrence of cases lost to follow-up constitutes a major concern for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care programs, particularly in Africa. The present study was carried out to determine the economic and socio-behavioral factors associated with the status of loss to follow-up among HIV-infected patients followed at the Suru Lere Zonal Teaching Hospital Center in Benin.
Methods: This was a case-control study carried out with 41 cases selected for convenience and 82 controls retained according to a reasoned choice. Matching was done on the variables age (±5 years), sex and year of initiation of treatment. The data collected using questionnaires and counting sheets then entered using the Epi data 3.1 software were analyzed using the STATA 11 software. A multiple conditional logistic regression model at the 5% threshold was used to determine factors associated with “lost to follow-up” status.
Results: In the sample, the average age of the people surveyed was 41±9 years for both cases and controls and women were predominantly represented (63.41%). The factors associated with the status of loss to follow-up were the non-existence of a means of transport (p=0.008), the lack of nutritional support (p=0.01), incorrect knowledge about antiretroviral treatment such as “ARVs cure HIV/AIDS” (p=0.002) or “treatment can be stopped when you feel better” (p=0.014).
Conclusions: This study revealed the significant association of “lost to follow-up” status with socio-demographic, economic and behavioral factors among people on ARV treatment. These results will lead to better guide the care of these patients and improve the performance of the AIDS control program.
Nursing role and strategy in pain management in palliative care
Authors: Alghamdi Fatimah A. , Alahmed Zahrah A. , Sowadi Safa Y. , Alkhulaif Zahraa A. , Bubshait Sakinah W. , Alsiyahi Laila M. , Alqarni Abdulrahman H. , Alhajji Fatimah H. , Aljameeli Hamed B. , Alharbi Abdullah S.
Published: December 2023

Palliative care plays a role in meeting the needs of individuals facing life limiting illnesses. One of the aspects of this specialized healthcare approach is effectively managing pain. Understanding types of pain from nociceptive to neuropathic is essential in navigating the nature of pain within a palliative care setting. Nursing strategies for pain management adopt an approach that addresses sources and aspects of pain. Alongside medication management, including opioids and complementary medications, non-pharmacological interventions such as therapy, massage and music therapy are utilized. Continuous monitoring, collaboration, patient education and addressing dimensions are crucial elements in nursing strategies. Nurses also serve as advocates, in navigating considerations related to pain management while ensuring autonomy and shared decision making. This exploration highlights the multifaceted contributions that nurses make in managing pain. It underscores the importance of research, education and fostering an organizational culture. Efforts, like these play a role in improving the efficiency of nursing practices in the changing field of palliative care. To sum up nursing shines as a guiding light, in providing evidence-based care greatly enhancing the quality of life for individuals confronting illnesses with limited time.
Parametric interaction of modes in the presence of quadratic or cubic nonlinearity
Authors:   Saratov State University, Turukina Ludmila
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this work is a study of the dynamics of the systems of ordinary differential equations of the second order, which is obtained using the Lagrange formalism. These systems describe the parametric interaction of oscillators (modes) in the presence of a general quadratic or cubic nonlinearity. Also, we compare the dynamics of the systems of ordinary differential equations of the second order and dynamics of the Vyshkind–Rabinovich and Rabinovich–Fabrikant models in order to determine the possibilities of the latter models when modeling coupled oscillators of the above type. Methods. The study is based on the numerical solution using the methods of the theory of the obtained analytically differential equations. Results. For both systems of second-order differential equations, is was presented a chart of in the parameter plane, a graphs of Lyapunov exponents at the value of the parameter that specifies the dissipation of oscillators, a time dependences of the generalized coordinates of oscillators and its amplitudes, portraits of attractors, a projection of the attractors on a phase planes of oscillators. A comparison with the dynamics of the Vyshkind–Rabinovich and Rabinovich–Fabrikant models is carried out. These models are three-dimensional real approximations of the above systems obtained by the method of slowly varying amplitudes. Conclusion. The study of the constructed systems showed that in the parameter space there are regions corresponding to both various regular regimes, such as the equilibrium position, limit cycle, two-frequency tori, and chaotic regimes. For both systems, it was shown that the transition to chaos occurs as a result of a sequence of period doubling bifurcations of the tori. In addition, a comparison of the dynamics of the constructed systems with the dynamics of the Vyshkind–Rabinovich and Rabinovich–Fabrikant models allows us to assert that if the Vyshkind–Rabinovich model predicts the dynamics of the corresponding initial system well enough, then the Rabinovich–Fabrikant model does not have such a property.
Comprehensive characterization of the overlooked residue generated during roselle calyxes brewing with potential use as functional ingredient
Authors: Serna Tenorio Jesús Eduardo , Sotelo-González Ana María , Reynoso-Camacho Rosalía , Anaya-Loyola Miriam Aracely , Pérez Ramírez Iza Fernanda
Published: December 2023

A significant quantity Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyxes is generated as a by-product during the decoction process commonly used for roselle beverage preparation. We conducted an extensive characterization of polyphenols, organic acids, and antioxidant potential in roselle calyxes, decoction, and their by-product. Roselle calyxes were found to be a rich source of diverse polyphenols, including delphinidin sambubioside, caffeoylquinic acids, hibiscus acid, and citric acid as major components. Importantly, we extracted a significant proportion of these bioactive compounds during the decoction process, resulting in a polyphenol-rich beverage. The used calyces (decoction by-product) retained from 23 % to 140 % of the extractable polyphenols and organic acids found in roselle calyxes. Additionally, due to the leaching of hydrophobic components like soluble dietary fiber and extractable polyphenols and organic acids, the roselle by-product was enriched with non-extractable constituents attached to dietary fiber (126 % - 272 %). Therefore, roselle calyxes and their decoction by-products emerge as promising sources of polyphenols with the potential for use in dietary supplements, alongside the commonly consumed roselle decoction.
Diabetes mellitus in acromegaly: prevalence, pathophysiological particulars and treatment strategies
Authors: Ilovayskaya Irena A. , Galstyan Gagik R.
Published: December 2023

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in acromegaly is significantly higher than that in the general population. Carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities often precede other phenotypic manifestations of acromegaly. The review presents data on the prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in acromegaly and describes their pathophysiological characteristics and approaches to treatment.
Growth hormone (GH) excess is recognized as a key factor of glucose homeostasis abnormalities due to decreased insulin sensitivity (resulting from active lipolysis) and direct stimulation of insulin secretion. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) improves insulin sensitivity; however, the GH diabetogenic effects prevail over the insulin-sensitizing impact of IGF1. Surgical and radiation treatment for somatotropinoma may indirectly improve carbohydrate metabolism, because they decrease the GH levels. Treatment with first generation somatostatin analogues can both improve glycemic control due to decreased GH levels and worsen it due to deterioration of postprandial insulin release, especially in patients with already manifest carbohydrate metabolism disorders. The GH receptor antagonist pegvisomant blocks the effects of excess GH on the target tissues without suppressing insulin secretion, which results in better glucose control; treatment with this agent can be preferred in patients with acromegaly and diabetes mellitus. Management of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in acromegaly is done in accordance with general treatment principles for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Lichenoid and psoriasiform drug induced rush during imatinib therapy: a clinical case
Authors: Khlebnikova Albina N. , Shikina Valentina E. , Bagramova Gayane E.
Published: December 2023

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib is a standard agent for treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Treatment courses are quite long and are usually well tolerated. However, skin rash can occur on treatment, with a prevalence of 7 to 88.9%. We describe a clinical case of a patient with GIST, who has been on treatment with imatinib at daily dose of 400 mg for one year. Several weeks from the treatment initiation, she had facial edema, and 4 months thereafter psoriasiform rash appeared which was initially considered to be psoriatic. After 8 months, the patient had lichenoid rash on the inguinal skin and oral, tongue and vulvar mucosae. Clinically, the lichenoid rash was similar with lichen ruber planus. To confirm the diagnosis, we performed biopsy of psoriasiform and lichenoid foci. Histological examination verified the drug-induced rash. Topical treatment of psoriasiform rash with glucocorticosteroids resulted in regression of some plaques, although a proportion of them persisted. Inguinal and vulvar lichenoid rashes completely regressed and numbers of oral and tongue foci decreased after a 6-week daily application of the 0.1% tacrolimus cream. Treatment with imatinib 400 mg daily was not interrupted. The clinical observation illustrates the possibility of skin and mucosal lichenoid and psoriasiform rash simultaneously during treatment with imatinib and demonstrates the first successful experience in the treatment of lichenoid rashes with 0.1% tacrolimus cream.
Development and research of a hybrid power unit for ultralight aircraft: an innovative approach to energy efficiency and operational flexibility
Authors: Wróblewski Piotr , Świątek Piotr , Kachel Stanisław , Zyska Tomasz
Published: December 2023

This scientific article presents an innovative concept of a hybrid power unit designed for ultralight aircraft, with the aim of improving energy efficiency and operational flexibility. As part of the development of the system, the construction of the combustion unit and the electric motor / generator, which are the key elements of this solution, was described. The advanced internal combustion engine controller and the bi-directional energy conversion converter have been developed and built to enable optimal cooperation of both energy sources. In order to carry out experimental research on the developed system, a special test stand was built on which a prototype drive unit was mounted. The results of the research include preliminary performance characteristics of the prototype drive unit and an analysis of the achievements that indicate the potential benefits of using such a hybrid drive unit. The article also summarizes the conclusions and recommendations for further work on improving this innovative solution.
Remarkable direct formic acid electrocatalysis enabled by rare earth-doped platinum-tellurium heterostructures
Authors: Bu Lingzheng , Lin Xin , Geng Shize , Du Xianglong , Wang Feiteng , Zhang Xu , Xiao Fang , Xiao Zhengyi , Wang Yucheng , Cheng Jun , Zheng Zhifeng , Huang Xiaoqing
Published: December 2023

The lack of new high-efficiency platinum (Pt)-based nanomaterials remains a formidable and exigent challenge in achieving high formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) catalysis for direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) technology. Herein, by adopting a synergistic amalgamation strategy, we report 16 types of Pt-based heterophase nanotrepang with rare earth (RE)-doped face-centered cubic Pt (fcc-Pt) and trigonal Pt-tellurium (t-PtTe2) configurations ((RE-Pt)-PtTe2 HPNT) to largely boost the FAOR and MEA catalysis. Comprehensively considering all the non-radioactive RE elements, yttrium (Y) is demonstrated to be the optimized doped element, coexisting as the forms of single site and cluster on the surface. The resulted (Y-Pt)-PtTe2 HPNT/C exhibits a competitive mass activity of 6.4 A mgPt-1, outperforming commercial Pt/C by 50.5 times. Simultaneously, it achieves the normalized MEA power density of 281.9 W gPt-1, 2.4 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C, demonstrating a large potential for DFAFC device application. The experimental findings evidence the key role of beneficial surface compositions of Y-doped fcc-Pt and t-PtTe2, significantly hindering the formation of CO intermediate and promoting the reaction kinetics. Density functional theory calculations further reveal the efficacy of Y doping, which predominantly locates on the high-energy Pt (110) facet and heightens the binding energy barrier with CO intermediate. The dehydrogenation pathway can be effectively promoted by enhancing the decomposition of formic acid and accelerating the conversion of reaction intermediates, resulting in the remarkable direct FAOR performance. This work achieves the high electrocatalysis in both FAOR and MEA media, highlighting the profound importance of RE metals served as favorable doping forms in heterostructure regulation of newly-designed Pt-based anodic nanomaterials for fuel cells and beyond.
Detection of Violent Elements in Digital Games Using YOLO V7 Algorithm
Authors: YALÇIN Nursel , ÇAPANOĞLU Ahmet Edip
Published: December 2023

Digital games have various useful purposes such as entertainment, education, attention strengthening, and strategy development, but they can also negatively affect users with harmful content such as violence, gambling, sexuality, profanity, and drugs. Especially for children at a young age, these elements can settle into their subconscious and negatively affect their lives in the future. Violence elements such as gun, knife, fights, fire, and blood are very common in digital games in many different forms. Real-time detection of these violence elements is crucial to enable early intervention in possible problems. In this study, violence elements within digital games were examined, and a deep learning method was proposed to detect these elements such as guns, knives, bombs, fire, blood, and fights. Additionally, the detection of these violence elements in digital games was performed using YOLOV7. The proposed model was trained on Google Colab, and test results showed that it could be used for real-time digital games with high accuracy performance and detection speed.
Intramedullary Nailing at Different Distal Tibial Fracture Levels: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Guran Ortac , Ozmanevra Ramadan , Husemoglu Resit Bugra , Havitçıoglu Hasan , Altinoz Ozenc
Published: December 2023

Purpose: Distal tibial fractures remains a significant challenge in orthopedic trauma surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical stability of intramedullary nailing (IMN) at different distal tibial fracture levels and the effect of the number of locking screws.
Methods: Using a total of 21 sawbone models, three different tibial fracture levels (3, 4.5, and 6cm proximally to the talocrural joint) were created and the fractures were fixed using two, three, or four distal locking screws. A single compression test and a cyclic compression test was applied to all tibia models. The applied weight and displacements from the fracture lines were recorded and evaluated.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference in fixation with two distal locking screws in groups 1, 2, and 3 (single test p=0.9689) (cyclic test p=0.8050). Therefore, if two distal screws are used, the fracture level does not affect the strength of fixation. In fractures located 6 cm proximal to the talocrural joint, all four holes of the nail can be used to insert screws, which provides a stronger fixation. When two screws are used, a statistically weaker fixation is obtained than with three or four screws.
Conclusion: Our findings support the use of IMN with two distal locking screws as a viable option for the management of distal tibial fractures. We found that it provides sufficient fixation regardless of the fracture level, suggesting that there is no need to choose an alternative fixation technique due to concerns of inadequate fixation as the fracture line moves distally. In cases where more stable fixation is desired, an additional locking screw can be used.
Benchmarking the university campus food environment and exploring student perspectives about food insecurity and healthy eating: a case study from Australia
Authors: Keat Jemma , Dharmayani Putu Novi Arfirsta , Mihrshahi Seema
Published: December 2023

Objective:
To benchmark the university food environment and explore students’ experiences with food insecurity and healthy eating in order to inform interventions to improve access and affordability of healthy foods for university students.
Design:
A food environment audit was conducted on the university campus using the Uni-Food tool from April to May 2022 and was comprised of three main components, university systems and governance, campus facilities and environment, and food retail outlets. A qualitative study design was also used to conduct focus groups and semi-structured interviews with students to explore key themes regarding their experiences with food insecurity and healthy eating.
Setting:
Macquarie University, Australia.
Participants:
For the food environment audit 24 retail outlets on campus and for the qualitative component 29 domestic and international students enrolled at Macquarie University.
Results:
The university only scored 27% in total for all components in the food environment audit. The results showed the need for better governance and leadership of the food environment. The qualitative component suggested that the main barriers to accessing healthy foods were related to availability, pricing, and knowledge of healthy foods. Future intervention ideas included free fruits and vegetables, food relief, discounts, improved self-catering facilities, education, and increased healthy food outlets.
Conclusions:
Improving governance measures related to healthy eating on campus are a core priority to strengthen the food environment and students identified pricing and availability as key issues. These findings will inform effective and feasible interventions to improve food security and healthy eating on campus.
JMJD6 promotes radioresistance of non-small cell lung cancer via epigenetic regulation of EHF
Authors: Wang Manni , Chen Siyuan , He Xuemei , Alu Aqu , Pu Qiang , Wei Xiawei
Published: December 2023

Though radiation therapy (RT) is widely used in lung cancer at all stages for local tumor control, the long-term efficacy of radiotherapy is largely restricted by radioresistance as frequently observed in the clinical setting, eventually leading to cancer recurrence. With the advent of targeted therapies, we observed a dramatic uptick in the clinical outcomes of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. JMJD6 was initially identified as an arginine 2 histone H3 (H3R2) and arginine 3 histone H4 (H4R3) arginine demethylase, and was later confirmed to be closely related to the occurrence and development of various cancers. In the present study, we found that RT induced the upregulation of JMJD6 which promoted the transcription of Ets homologous factor (EHF) and downstream pluripotency factor genes via the demethylation of H4R3me2s. Analyses results from matched human NSCLC tissues demonstrated that JMJD6 was upregulated in radioresistant NSCLC cells and in tumors of NSCLC patients, which indicated worse prognosis and higher metastasis risk in patients. These findings are of therapeutic importance for the design of novel therapies to prevent post-RT metastasis and to improve the long-term efficacy of radiotherapy in lung cancer.
Resiliensi Kawasan Permukiman Desa Pacarejo, Semanu, Kabupaten Gunung Kidul Terhadap Bencana Alam Puting Beliung
Authors: Lestarianto Aris Nur , Bawole Paulus , Nainggolan Freddy Marihot Rotua
Published: December 2023

Title: Resilience of the Settlement Area of Pacarejo Village, Semanu, Gunung Kidul Regency Against the Natural Disaster of Tornado
 
Natural disaster is a natural phenomenon often faced in several countries, including Indonesia, which has a variety of potential disasters. Pacarejo Village is an area in the Kapanewon Semanu, Gunung Kidul Regency, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, which often experiences natural disasters. One of the natural disasters that often occurs in this region is the natural disaster of tornadoes. In this area, tornadoes have occurred several times, and on February 22, 2022, this disaster caused damage to residential areas, both houses and their surrounding environment. On the one hand, tornado disasters hurt people's lives, but on the other hand, they can also generate resilience in residential areas. This resilience makes the residential area in Pacarejo Village resistant and resilient to tornado disasters. This research aims to find out how the resident areas in Pacarejo Village are resilient to tornado disasters. The research method used is a qualitative method, which requires a narrative to explain the research systematically and accurately according to existing facts and data. The results of this research will show and provide lessons on how the resilience of the residential area formed in the Pacarejo District can face tornado disasters.
THE INTERSECTION OF TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL SERVICE: CURRENT TRENDS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Sindhu Vikramaditya
Published: December 2023

This research paper explores the dynamic relationship between technology and social service, shedding light on current trends, challenges, and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field. As technology continues to transform the way society operates, the social service sector is no exception. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of how technology is being leveraged to enhance social services, with a focus on key trends, including the adoption of artificial intelligence, the growth of telehealth, and the impact of data analytics on decision-making in social service organizations. It also delves into the ethical and equity considerations associated with these technological advancements.
INCOMPLETE SACRAL SPINA BIFIDA: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Anatomy Department, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, India., Arvindbhai Patel Avniben , Kumar Sneha ,   Anatomy Department, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, India., Chaudhary Sucheta ,   Anatomy Department, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, India.
Published: December 2023

Spina Bifida is a developmental defect of vertebral column, when their laminae are not fused and unable to cover the spinal cord dorsally. Eventually, the vertebrae possess bifid spines. Closure of sacral spinal canal is most variable in human anatomy.
UNMASKING JAPANS WORK CULTURE
Authors: Gupta Shubham
Published: December 2023

While Japans work culture is often idealized in Western countries, I have discovered certain troubling realities about the pressures and expectations placed upon Japanese workers. One prominent issue is karoshi, or death by overwork. This has led to numerous fatalities and suicides due to the obligation to work extended hours and prioritize work over personal life. Recognizing and addressing these issues is critical to establishing Japans healthier and more productive work culture. Companies must prioritize employee well-being and establish a more inclusive and transparent work environment.
STUDY OF PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME AMONG ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG ADULTS OF RAMA UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department Of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rama Medical College Mandhana, Kanpur., Verma Kavita , Dhanani Garima ,   Postgraduate Junior Resident, Department Of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rama Medical College Mandhana Kanpur., Tejaswi Payyavula ,   Postgraduate Junior Resident, Department Of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rama Medical College Mandhana Kanpur.
Published: December 2023

Background: There is little epidemiological data from India on the prevalence and risk factors associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The objectives of the present study were to estimate the prevalence of PCOS using different criteria among adolescents and young women and to evaluate risk factors associated with PCOS. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 participants, adolescents (12-17 years, n = 100) and young women (18-30 years, n =100), were recruited. Participants who were overweight and having menstrual disorders or biochemical abnormalities were invited for ultrasonographic examination. A standardized questionnaire assessed the regularity of menstrual cycles, body hair growth, skin, body weight, sleep, and androgen excess. The ovarian volume and follicular size were assessed transabdominally. Prevalence of PCOS was assessed by the Rotterdam, AE-PCOS, and NIH criteria.Study period - 1st January 23 - 31st August 23 Results: The mean age of participants with PCOS was 21 Â± 6.069 years and those without PCOS was 19.62Â±5.583 years. Mean body weight, body mass index, fasting insulin, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in the PCOS group. Prevalence of polycystic ovaries on ultrasonography was observed in 78.6% of the women with PCOS as against 5% in women without PCOS. Obesity (OR: 7.34, 95% CI: 1.95- 27.27), insulin resistance (OR:5.62, 95% CI :0.461 - 0.982) and hypertension (OR: 10.76, 95% CI: 0.916 - 0.998) were significantly associated with PCOS . Overall, the Prevalence of pcos was highest among female AGE GROUP 17-30YRS . Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of PCOS in today society, which emphasizes the need for urgent preventive and control measures. Early diagnosis and assessment of risk factor is therefore crucial in incorporating lifestyle and dietary modifications for weight reduction and better control of blood pressure at a younger age to further prevent long-term reproductive and metabolic disorders.
UNDERSTANDING VACCINATION KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PERCEPTION AMONG WOMEN REGARDING IMMUNIZATION DURING PREGNANCY IN RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Basham Karam , Mahha Adeebah , Alshehry Bandar
Published: December 2023

Introduction:Infectious diseases pose significant risks to pregnant women and their fetuses, often leading to increased hospital admissions. In Saudi Arabia, a substantial portion of females lacks awareness of crucial vaccines like pertussis and influenza during pregnancy. This study aims to assess womens knowledge of vaccination and investigate the factors influencing their immunization status. Methodology:A cross-sectional study was conducted using Google Forms, enrolling 386 women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, who were selected through various social media platforms. Structured interviews and questionnaires were utilized to collect data on participants sociodemographic backgrounds and knowledge. The questionnaire was designed to assess the participants Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception (KAP) regarding pregnancy vaccination. Results:Most participants were aged 25-33, married (76.7%), employed (60.1%), and highly educated, with 77.7% having at least a bachelors or postgraduate degree. Over half had good knowledge of pregnancy vaccination, but gaps were observed, especially in understanding whooping cough vaccine benefits for children. Among sociodemographic factors, only education and employment significantly impacted KAP. Women with higher education and employment showed greater knowledge. Conclusion:Our study highlights sociodemographic factors impact on womens knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding pregnancy immunization. There is increased awareness, resulting in a positive overall stance on immunization during pregnancy. Tailored interventions and awareness campaigns addressing sociodemographic variations in Saudi women are recommended to bridge knowledge gaps and foster positive attitudes toward pregnancy immunization.
MODEL OF A PERSONALISED E-LEARNING PROCESS BASED ON A DECISION TREE ALGORITHM
Authors:   Virtual University of Cote dIvoire (UVCI), Digital Research and Expertise Unit - Abidjan, Cote dIvoire., Kragbi Olivier Petey , Tiemoman Kone ,   Virtual University of Cote dIvoire (UVCI), Digital Research and Expertise Unit - Abidjan, Cote dIvoire., Koffi Kanga ,   African Higher School of ICT (ESATIC), LASTIC (Laboratory of Information and Communication Sciences and Technologies) - Abidjan, Cote dIvoire.
Published: December 2023

The supply and demand for training, having undergone a revolution, involves information and communication technologies including artificial intelligence. However, following training adapted to the evolution of the learners skills remains a challenge. Our study aims to provide a solution aimed at promoting a personalized online learning process. Our approach consisted of choosing a decision tree algorithm following a comparative study and developing an architecture based upstream on the evaluation of the learners knowledge. This architecture directs the learner, according to their performance, towards educational resources (documents, courses, sections, videos, etc.) or learning devices, in an iterative and incremental manner until the end of the learning process. The results obtained reside in the proposed model based on the gradient boosting algorithm adapted to the personalization of human learning. This model takes into account three essential components driven by artificial intelligence and covers an entire personalized learning process from checking prerequisites to the end of successful learning.