bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Electronic Student Worksheets (E-LKPD): A Scientific Approach Based on Discovery Learning in Natural Science Learning
Authors: Siregar Saripahyani , Hamid K Abdul , Farihah Farihah
Published: October 2024

The aim of this research and development is to produce E-LKPD learning media with a scientific approach based on discovery learning in science that is feasible, practical, and effective. The type of research is the ADDIE development model, which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research results show: (1) The Media Expert validation test obtained an average result of 87% in the very good category; (2) The Material Expert validation test obtained an average result of 96% in the very good category; and (3) The Design Expert validation test Instructional results obtained an average of 93% in the very good category; (4) individual trials obtained an average result of 91% in the very good category; (5) small group trials obtained an average result of 90% in the very good category; (6) field group trials obtained an average result of 89% in the very good category; and (7) practicality tests for teachers obtained an average result of 90% in the very good category, while practicality tests for students obtained an average result of 93% in the in the very good category. For the results of using E-LKPD with a scientific approach based on discovery learning, the experimental class obtained an average learning outcome value of 78, while the control class obtained an average learning outcome value of 72. Hypothesis testing used an independent sample T-test with a 2-tailed sig result of 0.000 < 0.05. This shows that students who use E-LKPD Discovery Learning have higher learning outcomes with a confidence level of 95%
Development of Web-Based Learning Media: Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) Volleyball Subjects
Authors: Hasibuan Hendrik , Mursid R , Endriani Dewi
Published: October 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the feasibility of web-based learning media in the PJOK volleyball subject and the effectiveness of web-based learning media in the PJOK volleyball subject. The research uses the ADDIE Research and Development model approach (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The research results show: (a) web-based learning media from media expert validation with a score of 4.45, 89%, very feasible category; design expert validation with a score of 4.6 percentage 92%, very feasible category; material expert validation with a score of 4.5 percentage 90%, very feasible category; individual student trials with a score of 4.3, percentage 86%, very high category; student group trials with a score of 4.5, with a percentage of 90%, very high category. (b) The effectiveness of web-based learning media shows that there is a significant difference between student learning outcomes in experimental classes and classes without using web-based learning media at a significance level of 0.05 or 5%. The results of the T-test calculations on the posttest scores for the experimental class and control class show tcount > ttable, namely 3,225 > 1,677. It is evident from the average value of the posttest learning results for the experimental class that it is 88% higher than the posttest learning results for the control class at 64%. Thus, it can be concluded that the web-based learning media developed is effectively used to improve student learning outcomes.
Students Confidence in Increasing Learning Motivation
Authors: Eybarda Eybarda , Simatupang Nurhayati , Kasih Indra , Supriadi Amir
Published: October 2024

The study shows that students' self-confidence in increasing learning motivation in physical education class VIII in participating in Physical Education learning at SMP Negeri 2 Harian in the 2023/2024 Academic Year is in the moderate category. This study was conducted at SMP Negeri 2 Harian with a total of 30 students consisting of 17 boys and 14 girls. The questionnaire items in this study were 30 statements prepared in Google Form https://forms.gle/w86uMf1yTbZntFnF6 . The data analysis technique used in this study is a quantitative descriptive analysis technique. The results of the study show that students' self-confidence in increasing learning motivation in physical education class VIII in participating in Physical Education learning at SMP Negeri 2 Harian in the 2023/2024 Academic Year is in the moderate category. The success of Physical Education learning must be supported by students who have self-confidence in participating in learning, and the results of this study state that the self-confidence of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Harian in participating in Physical Education learning is in the moderate category, so teachers need to pay attention and try to improve the learning process that has been carried out, for example teaching methods that are in accordance with student interests, so that the level of student confidence increases in participating in Physical Education learning can be maintained, and even will increase.
Local Flavor, Regional Impact: The Participation of Women in the Rural Tourism Restaurant Industry
Authors:   National Technological Institute of Mexico - Durango Institute of Technology, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830, Nueva Vizcaya, 34080 Durango, Dgo., Lazalde Ivan Gonzalez , Hernandez-Chavarria Juana ,   National Council for Science and Technology (CNAHCyT) - National Technological Institute of Mexico - Durango Institute of Technology, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830, Nueva Vizcaya, 34080 Durango, Dgo., Ismael Maria Quetzalcihuatl Galvan ,   National Technological Institute of Mexico - Durango Institute of Technology, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830, Nueva Vizcaya, 34080 Durango, Dgo.
Published: October 2024

The objective of this work is to analyze the characteristics of women participating in the tourism restaurant activities in the rural areas of Durango, Mexico. Restaurant workers were analyzed for the year 2022. This is a quantitative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional study. The main findings show that 67% of the surveyed workers are women, with an average age of 30 years, incomplete high school education, and an average human capital index (HCI) of 10.27. In terms of gender distribution across municipalities, it was observed that 78% of workers in Pueblo Nuevo are women; 63.3% in Name of God; 57.1% in Peñón Blanco; and 60.6% in Mapimí. This research reflects that the gender gap related to the Human Capital Index (HCI) increases by 18% in rural areas, while in urban areas the gap is minimal.
Landscape Linguistics: Language Variations in Pantai Panjang Bengkulu
Authors:   Linguistics Study Program, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia, S.M. Silvia Erlin Aditya , Puspani Ida Ayu Made ,   Linguistics Study Program, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia, Pastika I Wayan ,   Linguistics Study Program, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia, Beratha Ni Luh Sutjiati ,   Linguistics Study Program, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
Published: October 2024

Language in the public space describes the linguistic phenomenon of the environment where language is found. An outdoor sign in a public space represents the language the surrounding community uses. The presence of an outdoor sign in an area depends on the status of the area. An area or place can have many space marks, while there are few or none in other areas. This indicates that the sign is part of the character of a place or region. The study investigates the language variation in outdoor signs in Pantai Panjang Bengkulu. Pantai Panjang Bengkulu is a tourist destination beach located in Bengkulu Province. Additionally, Bengkulu Province has six languages with nine dialects, which makes Bengkulu a multilingual society, prosperous in language variations. The study is qualitative; the data collection technique uses observation, while the analysis uses a content analysis technique. The resulting study showed that from 1290 outdoor signs in Pantai Panjang Bengkulu. The medium of the signs is a written medium divided into 13 medium types and the medium mostly used is a billboard. Meanwhile, the formal language is the dominant formality variation in Pantai Panjang Bengkulu. Furthermore, the language functions in this area are symbolic and informative.
How did the COVID-19 lockdown affect leisure-time exercise patterns? The case of Spain
Authors: Suárez Fernández María José , García Villar Jaume
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the effects of the lockdown measures on the population’s exercise patterns and aims to answer three questions: Were lockdown exercise patterns different from the ordinary patterns? What are the variables that explain the difference between ordinary habits and lockdown exercise frequency of participants? What are the correlates of the changes in post-lockdown exercise habits among people who exercised during lockdown? We estimated binary logits for participation and ordered logits to analyse frequency and the changes in sporting habits using the 2020 Spanish Survey of Sporting Habits. Our sample consisted of 5,154 observations, of which 3,060 people exercised at least once a month (59.4%) and 2,178 exercised during lockdown (42.3%). The results show that some determinants of the probability and frequency of exercising lost significance during lockdown. Moreover, women and higher-educated people exercised more frequently during lockdown –comparing to their ordinary habits– and women physically active during lockdown exercised less once mobility restrictions were lifted. According to our results, policy makers should focus their attention on men and lower-educated people in the event of future stay-at-home restrictions.
Keywords: Exercise, participation, frequency, lockdown, COVID-19
Exploring the research trend and development of sports science technology in the last 4 decades: systematic review
Authors: Wijaya Andhega , Al Ardha Muchamad Arif , Nurhasan Nurhasan , Yang Chung Bing , Lin Ru Han , Putro Andika Bayu
Published: October 2024

This study systematically reviews the trends and developments in sports science technology over the past four decades. Utilizing a comprehensive systematic review analysis of 1,127 articles from the SCOPUS database, we aimed to identify key subject areas, contributing countries, and prevailing keyword patterns in the field. The analysis highlights a significant increase in publications and citations, indicating the growing importance and recognition of sports science technology. Japan leads in contributions with the highest number of publications and citations, followed by the United States and China. Medicine and engineering emerged as the most influential subject areas, underscoring the interdisciplinary nature of the research. Keyword analysis revealed a strong emphasis on human studies, sports, and the integration of science and technology, reflecting the field's evolving landscape. Findings show that technological advancements such as sensor technology, big data analytics, and virtual reality have revolutionized sports science by enhancing performance monitoring, injury prevention, and rehabilitation processes. The study identifies critical trends and provides insights into future research directions, advocating for continued interdisciplinary collaboration and global cooperation to further advance the field. These insights offer a comprehensive overview of the historical and current state of sports science technology, serving as a roadmap for future innovations and applications. By understanding the development and current trends in sports science technology, researchers and practitioners can better plan and implement effective strategies for improving athletic performance and health, ultimately contributing to the broader field of sports science and technology.
Keywords: technological advancements, sensor technology, big data analytics, virtual reality in sports
O BRINCAR INFANTIL ENQUANTO MANIFESTAÇÃO HUMANA: UM OLHAR PELA TELA DE PIETER BRUEGHEL
Authors: SOUZA RAVELLI HENRIQUE DE , Furlan Marta Regina , Farias Eduardo Augusto
Published: October 2024

Este texto é uma reflexão sobre o brincar enquanto manifestação humana que ultrapassa o tempo e espaço, possibilitando a interação entre sujeito e mundo social. A reflexão aproxima-se da obra de Pieter Brueghel “Jogos Infantis” que expressa as cenas humanas cotidianas presentes em um contexto histórico e social e, que permitem a compreensão de um brincar superior ao objeto, em que envolve as possibilidades humanas de invenção, criação, imaginação tão pouco estimulados no contexto contemporâneo. Diante desse parâmetro, tem-se o objetivo de analisar o brincar enquanto manifestação humana e expressiva da criança. Esses contornos críticos envolve o brincar ressignificando-o enquanto manifestação interativa e social da criança e mundo. A metodologia de trabalho envolve uma análise crítica tendo como respaldo teórico as contribuições de Ariès (1981); Vygotsky (1989, 2001, 2008); Leontiev, Rubisten, Tieplov (1969). É possível ver, pelas telas de Pieter Brueghel, por trás de um olho que vê e uma lembrança que revê, uma capacidade de "ir além" do simples ato lúdico, percebendo as leituras de mundo, as concepções e as emoções humanas ao retratar coletivamente as brincadeiras individuais e as próprias concepções de infância e brincadeira da época.
Reactive Extraction of Carboxylic Acids (Lactic, Propionic and Succinic Acids) using Tri-n-Butyl Amine Dissolved in Various Diluents
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of Technology, Osmania University, India, Palleti Sunitha
Published: October 2024

The current study intends to look into the extraction of lactic acid, propionic acid and succinic acids from aqueous solutions of these substances utilizing various solvent-extractant combinations to ascertain the most effective composition for the reactive extraction. The commercial value of succinic, propionic, and lactic acids in industrial processes led to their selection as the carboxylic acids. The process of recovering carboxylic acids from their aqueous solutions is accomplished by the Process Intensification method of reactive Tri-n-Butyl Amine was employed in the experiments because it has better stability, a lower water solubility, and is more eco-friendly than other extractants of the amine type. The extractants were dissolved in various diluents with various chemical structures, including 1-octanol, chloroform, and dimethylene chloride. Each experiment was conducted at 298.15 K. The distribution coefficient (KD), loading factor (Z), and extraction yield (%E) were used to compare the results in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 N acid concentration at various concentrations of Tri-n-Butyl Amine (10% to 40%). It was observed that at 0.1N and 40% amine concentration succinic acid attains a maximum distribution coefficient KD is 8.01 and equilibrium complexion KE1 is 7.5 for Tri-n-Butyl Amine, followed by propionic acid and lactic acid and a (1:1) type of acid amine complex was observed. The kinetic studies that were carried out using stirred cells to figure out the kinetic parameters such as order of the reaction with respect to acid and amine, mass transfer coefficient, and rate constant are also reported. The reaction with the highest Hatta number, MH=14, occurs in an instantaneous regime in 1-octanol when succinic acid and Tri-n-Butyl Amine interact.
Rainwater Harvesting in Arid Regions: An Integrative Approach Aiming at Adapting to Climate Change
Authors:   Harz University of Applied Sciences, Wernigerode, Germany, Pundt Hardy , Shatnawi Nawras ,   Al Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan, Heilmann Andrea ,   Harz University of Applied Sciences, Wernigerode, Germany, Kharabhseh Hibah ,   Al Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan, Qdais Hani Abu ,   Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
Published: October 2024

Environmental problem-settings are often of a certain complexity because the relationships between different sectors, and therefore stakeholders, have to be considered adequately to achieve sustainable solutions. However, the inclusion of data from different sectors is necessary to identify dependencies between needs and challenges.
The histological comparison of the effect of 50mW green and blue laser on the human eye at variable time intervals: an animal model
Authors: Qamar Aqeel Shams  , Ameen Mohammad Alsudani  , Mustafa Salih Almusawi
Published: October 2024

Objective: To compare the effects of 50mW green and blue laser pointers on retinal tissue with different exposure durations.
Method: The experimental, histopathological study was conducted from November 2021 to April 2022 at the Postgraduate Laboratory of the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq, and comprised adult male mice. They were divided into green group G and blue group B.  Group G was exposed to a 50mW green laser pointer with wavelength 532nm, while group B was exposed to a blue laser pointer with wavelength 415nm. The groups were subdivided with respect to duration of exposure. Subgroups G1 and B1 had exposure time 1min, G2 and B2 had exposure time 2min and G3 and B3 had exposure time 3min. Across the groups, the overall supplied power density was 130mW/cm2. Conventional Haemotoxylin and Eosin stain was used to assess the damage on the retinal tissues of the mice post-exposure. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.
Results: Of the 24 groups, 12(50%) were in each of the 2 groups, while each subgroup had 4(16.66%) mice. There was more retinal tissue damage in group G compared to group B (p<0.05). The damage increased significantly with increase in exposure duration in both groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The traditional green laser pointers caused more damage to the retina of mice than the blue laser.
Key Words: Eosine, Retina, Lasers
Upper, middle, and lower CALYX accesses for prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a comparative study
Authors: Ammar Fadil Abid  , Samer Sabah Omar
Published: October 2024

Objective: To compare upper, middle and lower calyceal accesses for prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy regarding stone-free rates, residual stones, haemoglobin drop and fluoroscopic time.
Method: The prospective comparative clinical study was conducted from September 2018 to March 2021 at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised patients of either gender aged 18-78 years with renal stones treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy. They were divided into three groups on the basis of calyx access:  upper calyx G1, mid-calyx G2, and lower calyx G3. Procedure-related parameters, such as fluoroscopic time, stone-free rates and haemoglobin drop, were analysed in detail. Patients were followed up within 1-week post-surgery through complete blood count, ultrasound and computerised tomography. Data was analysed using SPSS 27.
Results: Of the 151 patients with a mean age of 46.01±14.7 years, 89(58.9%) were males and 62(41.1%) were females. There were 63(41.7%) patients in G1, 38(25.2%) in G3 and 50(33.1%) in G3. The diameter of renal stones ranged from 20-60mm. There were 45(71.4%) patients with stone-free outcome in G1, 22(57.9%) in G2 and 37(74%) in G3 (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean haemoglobin drop among the groups (p>0.05).
Conclusions: No significant intergroup difference was observed in terms of access in the sequelae regarding residual stone and haemoglobin drop. 
Key Words: Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous, Blood Cell, Hemoglobins, Tomography
Prevalence of breakthrough COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers in Baghdad
Authors: Alaa Ali Salih  , Mayasah Abdulleah Sadiq  , Waleed Araf Tofeek Al-Ani  , Rusul AbdulKareem Mohammed  , Hamzah Abdulleh Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of breakthrough coronavirus disease-2019 infection among health workers, and to assess health workers’ post-vaccination adherence to preventive guidelines.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to March 2022 at 2 major hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised physicians, pharmacists, dentists and paramedical staff present at time of data collection. The participants were classified according to vaccination status with history of infection. Unvaccinated meant infected before vaccination; partially vaccinated meant infected after the first dose; and fully vaccinated meant breakthrough infection after the second dose. Data was analysed using SPSS 28.
Results: Of the 506 participants aged 20-59 years, 327(64.6%) were females, 247(48.8%) were physicians, 72(14.2%) were smokers, and 21(4.1%) had asthma. All the 506(100%) participants had been infected after vaccination; 430(85%) after the second dose, and 76(15%) after the first dose. In 445(88.6%) cases, the infection was mild to moderate, while admission was required in 21(4.1%). With respect to adherence to preventive guidelines, 229(45.3%) subjects were always wearing masks before the vaccination, but 119(23.7%) continued doing that after receiving the second dose of the vaccine. 
Conclusion: The majority of the participants had fallen victim to breakthrough coronavirus disease-2019 infection. Adherence to preventive guidelines was found to be reduced after the second dose of the vaccination. 
Key Words: COVID-19, Masks, Pharmacists, Prevalence, Smokers, Vaccination, Physicians, Dentists, Asthma
Simultaneous determination and association between serum levels of irisin and chemerin in PCOS
Authors: Hajer Wahbi Abdullateef  , Shatha Mohammed Al-khateeb  , Esraa Hameed AL-Maini
Published: October 2024

Objective: To determine the serum levels of irisin, chemerin and insulin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome,and to compare their levels with respect to bodyweight and body mass index.Method: The case-control study was conducted at the Department of Clinical Chemistry, College of Medicine,Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, from December 2020 to February 2022, and comprised healthy controls ingroup I who were matched for bodyweight and body mass index with polycystic ovary syndrome women in groupII. Subjects and cases were inducted using purposive sampling technique Subgroups were also formed on the basisof normal body mass index, and overweight-obese status. Serum irisin, chemerin, insulin and free testosteronelevels, anthropometric measurements, lipid profile as well as hormonal and biochemical parameters were noted.Data was analysed using SPSS 25.Result: Of the 88 subjects, 32(36.4%) were in group I with mean age 25.1±4.7 years, and 56(63.6%) in group II withmean age 25.0±6.3 years (p>0.05). Both the groups were divided into two equal subgroups A and B. Group II hadsignificantly higher mean body mass index (p=0.007) and adult body fat (p=0.018). Group II women had significantlyhigh fasting serum insulin levels (p<0.001) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance values(p<0.001). Serum irisin had significant positive correlation with serum chemerin (p=0.014) in group II. Serum freetestosterone, irisin and chemerin were significantly higher (p<0.001) in group II compared to group I except forchemerin which showed no significant differences among women with normal body mass index (p=0.071).Conclusion: Serum levels of irisin and chemerin could serve as biomarkers of polycystic ovary syndrome.Key Words: Fibronectins, Insulin, Polycystic Ovary, Overweight, Obesity, Adipose Tissue, Testosterone, Fasting,Lipids.
Haemophilia care in Iraq; a multi-centre study
Authors: Nidal Karim Al Rahal  , Meaad Kadhum Hassan  , Obeida Amir Abid  , Azeezah Mohammed Mohsin
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the level of care available to haemophilia patients.
Method: The descriptive, retrospective analytical study was conducted from December 15, 2020, to March 1, 2021, after approval from the Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised data from 3 haemophilia treating centres in Iraq participating in the World   Bleeding Disorders Registry. The data collected related to patients with haemophilia A and B enrolled in the registry since March 2018, and included age at diagnosis, type of haemophilia, disease severity, age at first bleed and at first joint bleed, type of replacement therapy and outcome. Data was analysed using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 20.
Results: Of the 638 patients with mean age 16.2±4.3 (range: 9-29 years), 581(91%) had haemophilia A, 57(8.9%) had haemophilia B, 385(60.5%) had severe haemophilia, 126(19.8%) moderate and 125(19.7%) mild. Further, 259(41%) patients had been diagnosed for <1 year. There were 1354 bleeding events, and hemarthrosis accounted for 959(70.8%) of them. The mean annualised bleeding rate for severe patients was
 2 ± 0.6(range 0-4), while the mean annualised joint bleeding rate was 4 ± 1.3(range :2-8). There were 256(32.3%) patients who were tested for inhibitors, and 62(24.3%) were positive. Among 426(73.3%) haemophilia A patients with a treatment history, 248(58%) were on prophylactic therapy, and the corresponding value among 37(65%) haemophilia B patients was 17(46%).
Conclusions: access to treatment was found to be limited, and patients were found to be suffering from high bleeding rates and joint damage.
Key Words: Haemophilia A and B, Hemarthrosis, Health Services, Acuity
Association of normal levels of both haemoglobin and white blood cells count with normality of complete blood count
Authors: Maysem Mouayad Alwash  , Shaymaa Wahbi Salman  , Taymaa Moayad Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Objective: To assess the use of haemoglobin and white blood cell count together in predicting the normality ofother complete blood count parameters and blood film.Method: The prospective study was conducted from August to November 2021 at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital,Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised adult individuals of either gender who were advised blood test by physicians in theoutpatient department. Patients with normal haemoglobin and white blood cell counts were placed in group A,while those with abnormal counts of the two parameters were placed in group B. Examination of blood smearsmorphology was done in both groups. Data was analysed using SPSS 26.Results: Of the 200 subjects, 100(50%) were in group A; 58(58%) males and 42(42%) females with mean age51.09±18.8 years. There were 100(50%) subjects in group B; 52(52%) males and 48(48%) females with mean age47.58±15.5 years (p>0.05). In group A, 70(70%) cases showed normal complete blood count parameters andabnormal morphology of 1+ grading in 13(13%). The results were significantly different than group B (p<0.05).Conclusion: Normal haemoglobin and white blood cell count was found to a good marker for the normality ofother complete blood count parameters.Key Words: Leukocyte, Haemoglobins, Haematological
The relationship between vitamin D status and disease activity in Iraqi systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Zamin Abdulhusssein Al-Sarray  , Raghad Hassan Hussein  , Ali Hussein Al-Hafidh  , Izzat Abdulsatar Al-Rayahi
Published: October 2024

Objective: To find the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the activity of systemic lupus erythematosusin Iraqi patients.
Method: The case-control study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from July to October2018, and comprised systemic lupus erythematosus patients regardless of age and gender visiting theRheumatology outpatient clinic. Serum levels of complement protein 3, complement protein 4, anti-doublestrandeddeoxyribonucleic acid and 25-hydroxy vitamin D were estimated. Based on disease activity scores, patientswere divided into moderate activity group SLE-M and severe activity group SLE-S. Healthy subjects matched for ageand gender were also enrolled as the control group. Data was analysed using Graph Pad Prism 5.0.
Results: Of the 150 subjects, 62(41.3%) were in SLE-S group, 38(25.3%) in SLE-M and 59(33.3%) in the control group.Among the patients, 97(97%) were females and 3(3%) were males, with a female-to-male ratio of 32:1. The patients’age range was <10 - Greater than or equal to 50 years, while the control group consisted of 2 (4%) males and 48 (96%) females with an agerange of <10- Greater than or equal to 50. The mean levels of serum complement protein 3, complement protein 4 and vitamin D levelswere significantly lower in the patient groups compared to the controls (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Systemic lupus erythematosus patients suffered from either vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency, andlow vitamin D levels were found related to disease activity.
Key Words: Rheumatology, Vitamin D, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, DNA, Proteins, Ambulatory Care
Evaluation of serum IL 18 / IL 18 binding protein ratio and their relation with IL- 18 gene polymorphisms in sample of Iraqi type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. A case control study
Authors: Osamah Abdulhussien Razooqi  , Haider Faisal Ghazi  , Mahmood Shakir Khudair
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the ratio of interleukin18 and interleukin18 binding protein in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and its relation with the presence of interleukin18-607C/A and interleukin18-137G/C gene polymorphisms and the type of complications.
Method: The case-control study at the endocrinology clinic of the Madinat Al-Imamin Al-Kazemin Teaching Hospital, Iraq, from September 2020 to July 2021, and comprised diagnosed patients type 2 diabetes mellitus, and healthy controls matched for age and gender. Blood samples were obtained that were processed for serum separation. Serum interleukin18 and interleukin18 binding protein levels were assessed, and part of the sample was used for deoxyribonucleic acid extraction using tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction with four specific primers for interleukin18-607C/A and interleukin-18-137G/C gene polymorphisms in both the groups. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
Results: Of the 168 subjects, 86(51.2%) were patients; 67(77.9%) females and 19(22.1%) males with mean age 52±8.97 years. There were 82(48.8%) controls; 56(68.3%) females and 26(31.7%) males with mean age 48±9.44 years (p>0.05). Higher serum level of interleukin18 and lower level of interleukin18 binding protein were seen in type 2 diabetes mellitus group compared to the controls (p<0.001). Interleukin18-137G/C and interleukin18-607C/A mutant alleles had odd ratios 3.52 (confidence interval: 1.91- 6.63) and 3.25 (confidence interval: 1.77-5.83), respectively, as risk factors for the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. There was an association of interleukin18-137G/C homozygous mutant genotype with the occurrence of retinopathy among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (p=0.046), but risk allele C was not associated with retinopathy (p>0.05).
Conclusions: The presence of interleukin18-137G/C and interleukin18-607C/A gene polymorphism might be considered a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Key Words: Alleles, Interleukin, Diabetes, Genotype, Polymerase, DNA, Retinal, Mutation
Evaluation of the effect of yellow laser (DPSS) light on human lymphocytes viability in vitro
Authors: Fatimah Saed Awad  , Saba Fawzi Salih  , Mustafa Salih Al Musawi
Published: October 2024

Objective: To evaluate the lymphocyte apoptotic impact of yellow laser light in vitro.
Method: The experimental study was conducted from November 2021 to April 2022 at the Postgraduate Medical Physics Laboratory, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised blood samples from healthy volunteers. The samples were subjected to 1:1 dilution in isotonic phosphate buffered saline, and each sample was divided into two equal aliquots; one for irradiation, and other as control.The percentage of apoptotic lymphocyte was estimated before and after radiation exposure with low-level laser 589nm at 30J/cm², 50J/cm² and 70J/cm²energy intensities. Post-exposure evaluation was done immediately, and 1 and 2 hours after radiation on theviability of normal human cells. The vitality of the cells was determined using the trypan blue exclusion test. Datawas analysed using SPSS 24.
Results: There were 26 healthy volunteers (16 male, 10 females) with an age range of (20-40) years. After the exposure, the percentage of lymphocytes that apoptose increased significantly when cells were irradiated at70J/cm2 immediately compared to the controls (p less than or equal to 0.05), but there was no significant differences with the 30J/cm²dose. After 1 and 2 hours, a significant reduction in the proportion of apoptotic lymphocytes was observed (p<0.05).Conclusion: Yellow low-level laser showed a noticeable protective effect on lymphocytes by decreasing thepercentage of dead cells.Key Words: Trypan, Lymphocytes, Lasers, Radiation Exposure, Phosphates
Some oral microbiota in complete cleft infants in comparison with normal infants
Authors: Rula Qays Abdulkareem Al-Humairi  , Zainab Juma Jafar
Published: October 2024

Objective: To compare caries-related microorganisms and candida in complete cleft infants with normal palate infants.
Method: The case-control study was conducted from April 2021 to January 2022 at the College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised infants with age ranging from 1 day to 4 months. They were divided into complete cleft group A and control group B. Group A was subdivided into those with class III Veau's palatal classification, and the rest with class IV Veau's palatal classification. Samples were taken using oral swab which were subjected to colony morphology, gram staining and biochemical testing. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Result: Of the 52 subjects, 26(50%) were in each of the 2 groups. The subgroups of group A had 13(50%) patients each. The counting and colonisation of streptococcus mutans, lactobacilli and candida albicans were significantly higher in group A than in group B (p<0.05). The difference between the subgroups of group A was not significant (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Infants with cleft palate were more susceptible to dental caries and oral infection than those with normal palate.
Key Words: Candida albicans, Streptococcus, Cleft Palate, Dental, Lactobacillus, Staining
Evaluating treatment effect on interferon-alpha in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study
Authors: Ruaa Hameed Abdulridha  , Asmaa Mohammed Saud  , Mohammed Hadi Alosami
Published: October 2024

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Evaluation of some haematological, liver, and renal function biomarkers in different job categories at Kufa cement factory workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Farah Shaker Abdel Wahed  , Zaid Makki Mohammed Al-Hakkak
Published: October 2024

Objective: To evaluate the workplace health-related environment of workers in various job categories at a cement factory.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Kufa Cement Factory, Najaf, Iraq, from November 12, 2021, to January 12, 2022, Kufa Cement Factory in Iraq, and comprised adult male non-smoking factory workers in group A, and healthy, unexposed non-smokers in control group B. Subjects in group A were subdivided into factory, kiln and packing workers. All the participants were subjected to blood tests for liver and kidney functions. Data was analysed using SPSS 27.
Results: Of the 90 subjects, 45(50%) were each of the 2 groups. The mean age of group A workers was 46.581±1.559 years and they had a mean duration of exposure 15.953±0.873 years. There were 15(33.3%) factory workers and as many kiln and packing workers. Group A subjects worked for at least 7-8 hours per day. The subjects in control group B had a mean age of 45.01±8.17 years and were matched for gender. There was significant elevation in total leukocyte count, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in group A compared to group B (p<0.05). Neutrophils were significantly high in factory workers than controls and packing workers (p<0.05), while total bilirubin level was significantly high in factory and kiln workers than controls (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean serum creatinine level between the groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Workplace exposure to cement particulate in a factory environment was found to have a harmful impact on health.
Key Words: Alanine Transaminase, Alkaline Phosphatase, Creatinine, Neutrophils, Liver, Leukocyte, Aspartate Aminotransferases, Hematologic, Bilirubin, Kidney
Dosimetry evaluation of photon beam profile characteristics for different treatment parameters of quality assurance
Authors: Taghreed Ahmed Nghaimesh  , Siham Sabah Abdullah  , Hadeel Kamil Abdullah  , Abdulrahman Mohammed Abdulbaqi
Published: October 2024

Objective: To compare beam profiles of MatriXX scanning system and water phantom for different treatment parameters.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Amal National Hospital for Cancer Treatment, Baghdad, Iraq, from November 2020 to March 2021. Beam data for 6MV and 10MV photon beams generated from the linear accelerator was utilised at field sizes 20×20cm2, 15×15 cm2, 10×10cm2 and 5×5cm2 at depth 10 and source-to-skin distance 100cm. Data was obtained for both water phantom and MatriXX system. The dose distribution for the two systems were compared. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.
Results: The 32 measures taken were all related to symmetry and flatness. Flatness data indicated that all measurements were within tolerance except for cross line plane variations in 10x10cm2 field size with 6MV energy (-3.81%) and 5x5cm2 field size with 10MV energy (-3.01).Symmetry data revealed all measurement differences were within tolerance.
Conclusion: MatriXX system could also be used for routine photon profile measurements as a substitute for water phantom.
Key Words: Water, Photons, Phantoms, Imaging.
The value of concomitant testing of cutaneous silent period with sympathetic skin response and heart rate variability in Type-2 diabetes patients: An electrophysiological study
Authors: Aya Falah Alrekabi  , Safaa Hussein. Alshemmari
Published: October 2024

Objective: To explore the association among cutaneous silent period, sympathetic skin response and heart rate variability in diabetes patients.
Method: The case-control study was conducted at the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, from November 1, 2020, to May 20, 2021, and comprised 24 healthy controls in Group I and 49 patients of type 2 diabetes in Group II who were recruited from the neuro-electrophysiological unit of Al-Imamain Al-Kadhmean Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. Both groups were subjected to cutaneous silent period, sympathetic skin response and heart rate variability testing. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.
Results: Of the 73 subjects, 24(32.9%) were in Group I and 49(67.1%) were in Group II. Cutaneous silent period mean latency values were significantly increased in Group II compared to Group I (p<0.05), and a negative sympathetic skin response in the right lower limb was significantly different between the groups (p<0.001). There was no significant correlation between Cutaneous silent period and sympathetic skin response values (p>0.05). Heart rate variability was significantly increased in diabetic patients with negative sympathetic skin response compared to those with positive sympathetic skin response (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Simultaneous measurement of cutaneous silent period, sympathetic skin response and heart rate variability should be done as there were no strong correlation among the tests in diabetic patients.
Key Words: Diabetes, Heart, Extremity,
Measurement of radioactivity and hazard index of Gonadal dose in selected Cement samples in Iraq
Authors: Abdulhussein Abdalmear Alkufi  , Shatha Farhan Alhous  , Shaymaa Awad Kadhim
Published: October 2024

Given the importance of cement as a basic material in construction, this study was undertaken to evaluate thelevel of radioactivity in a selected group of cement samples most used in construction to determine whetherthey are safe for human health. In this investigative study, nine samples of cement, both domestic and imported, that are often used in construction projects in Iraq were gathered. A NaI (Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer (3"x3") was used to measure the radioactivity in the samples. The average specific activity levels in the tested cement samples were 11.373±0.522, 5.795 ± 0.230, and 179.123±2.207 Bq/Kg, respectively. Also calculated was the average of the radium, which was equivalent to 33.449±1.022 Bq/kg. As for the risk indicators, the internal risk coefficient was 0.121±0.004 and external risk coefficient was 0.090 ±0.002. While studying the radiation doses, the values of effective annual internal dose was 0.080 mSv/y, external dose rates were 0.020 mSv/y, absorbed dose ratio was 16.321±0.476 nGy/h, and gamma index was 0.253±0.007. In the end, and depending on what was studied from various variables, with an average of 115.59 Sv/y, the annual gonadal equivalent dose risk (AGED) was calculated. The world average values were used to compare all the results. Finally, it was discovered that the radiation parameter levels of none of the samples had a detrimental effect on human health.Keywords: Radium, Radioactivity, Thallium, Potassium, Uranium, Gamma Rays, Cement
Evaluation the effects of Omega-3 and vitamin C alone or in combination on Methotrexate-Induced hepatotoxicity (in mice)
Authors: Doha Mohammed  , Ali Mohammed Al-Gareeb
Published: October 2024

Objective: To assess the effect of pretreatment with omega-3 alone or in combination with vitamin C on hepatotoxicity raised by methotrexate.
Method: The experimental study was conducted at the animal house of the Iraqi Centre of Cancer Research and Medical Genetics and the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, from November 2020 to July 2021, and comprised Swiss albino mice who were divided into 5 groups. Group A was treated with normal saline, group B was injected with methotrexate 20mg/kg intraperitoneally, group C was pretreated with omega 3 100mg/kg, group D was pretreated with vitamin C 100mg/kg, and group E was pretreated with concomitant vitamin C and omega 3 100mg/kg. The intervention lasted 9 days in each group, and were injected with methotrexate on day 10. The mice were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia after 48 hours.  Blood sample was taken for biochemical examination. One part of liver was preserved in formalin 10% for histopathological study.
Results: Of the 35 mice, there were 7(20%) in each of the 5 groups. There was a significant increase in malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase levels and a decrease in the superoxide dismutase and glutathione (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Pretreatment with omega-3 and vitamin C ameliorated the hepatotoxicity induced by methotrexate due to strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
Key Words: Antioxidants, Methotrexate, Chloroform, Saline, Glutathione, Liver, Malondialdehyde, Superoxide, Lactate Dehydrogenases, Ascorbic Acid, Formaldehyde
Effects of protein diet on expression of Anoctamin1 of Cajal cell in the nervous plexus of the stomach in male mice
Authors: Khulood Ayad Majeed  , Haider Abdal-Rasool Jaafar  , Hiba Majed Rasol
Published: October 2024

Objective: To determine the association between a protein-rich diet and the expression of anoctamin 1 inInterstitial cells of Cajal within the muscle layer of the stomach wall in male mice.Method: The experimental study was conducted at the Anatomy Department of the College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq, from November 2020 to April 2021, and comprised male adult healthy male mice. They were divided randomly into two equal groups. Group A was fed a high protein diet, while control group B was fed a standard pellet diet. The tissue samples were harvested at day 30 post-surgery. The stomach samplings were placed in 10% neutral formalin for 24 hours to obtain paraffin sections for routine histological and immunohistochemical staining. The protein expression in stomach smooth muscle of each group was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.Result: Of the 20 mice, 10(50%) were in each of the two groups. Group A exhibited significant weight-gaincompared to group B (p less than or equal to 0.05). There was significant elevation in muscle wall thickness in group A, compared to group B (p less than or equal to 0.05). Tunica muscularis of the stomach in group A significantly thickened compared to group B(p less than or equal to 0.05). The expression of anoctamin 1 was significantly more intense in group A compared to group B (p less than or equal to 0.01).Conclusion: Unbalanced food had a significant impact on the stomach, affecting the thickness of the muscularis layer and the expression of anoctamin 1 in cajal cells in the muscularis externa.Key Words: Anoctamin, Paraffin, Cajal, Formaldehyde
Trend of Vegetable Oils International Trade of India
Authors: Manikandan P. , Rajendran S.
Published: October 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the world economy, more than in the last century. The trade in agricultural products plays an important role in the food security of the people of the world. In this situation, the Government of India has called for a general lockdown to protect the people from the effects of the disease spread. This paper analyses in detail the impact of the pandemic on the India’s international trade in vegetable oilsand its trend over the last 10 years from2010-11 to 2020-21. Accordingly, despite the sharp decline in exports and imports of industrial goods in the international trade of India, export and import of vegetable oils were increased well. But, its impact has different effects on different commodities.
Niveles de ansiedad en el personal de salud que atiende a pacientes con COVID-19
Authors: Yanez Ojeda Yairy Alejandrina
Published: October 2024

Introducción: La ansiedad es un mecanismo de defensa fisiológico ante una amenaza que en caso de tornarse excesiva y cotidiana debe ser evaluada al poder convertirse en patológica. Objetivo: determinar los niveles de ansiedad en el personal de médicos y enfermeras que atienden a pacientes covid19 en el IVSS Dr. José María Carabaño Tosta Maracay-Estado Aragua, en marzo del 2024. Materiales y Métodos: estudio epidemiológico observacional, analítico, transversal bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, aplicándose como instrumento el BAI anexando un apartado de datos sociodemográficos a un total de 40 individuos durante el mes de marzo del año 2024. Resultados: se evaluaron 24 enfermeras y 16 médicos por dos semanas continúas demostrándose una prevalencia de 40% de ansiedad leve, 27,5% de ansiedad mínima, 22,5% de ansiedad moderada y 10% de ansiedad grave en éstos. Se pudieron constatar los mayores niveles de ansiedad grave en el 16,7% de enfermeras, y ansiedad moderada en el 33,3% de las mismas, en contraste, con el 56,3% de los médicos que presentaron ansiedad leve. Conclusión: se halló evidencia clara de la presencia de ansiedad en la población estudiada, predominando los niveles leves de la misma, y encontrándose mayores niveles de ansiedad en enfermeras con respecto a los médicos.