bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a scientifically grounded assortment of flour composite mixtures for the preparation of functional
Authors:   Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution ", Tyurina I.A. ,   Scientific Research Institute of the Bakery Industry", Nevskaya E.V. ,   Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution "Scientific Research Institute of the Bakery Industry", Tyurina O.E. ,   Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution "Scientific Research Institute of the Bakery Industry", Borisova A.E. ,   Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution "Scientific Research Institute of the Bakery Industry", Evdokimova A.S. ,   Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution "Scientific Research Institute of the Bakery Industry"
Published: May 2021

Научно обоснован ассортимент мучных композитных смесей для приготовления хлебобулочных изделий с овощными и фруктовыми порошками функционального назначения. Исследован гранулометрический состав, физико-химические и органолептические показатели качества смесей и хлебобулочных изделий, приготовленных из них. Проведены исследования хранимоспособности мучных композитных смесей в разных упаковочных материалах, заложенных на хранение в течение шести месяцев, и установлены их сроки годности. Установлено содержание основных пищевых веществ в 100 г хлебобулочных изделий, приготовленных из мучных композитных смесей с овощными и фруктовыми порошками. Выявлена степень удовлетворения суточной потребности при употреблении этих изделий. В соответствии с ТР ТС 022/2011 «Пищевая продукция в части ее маркировки», разработанные хлебобулочные изделия являются источником белка (не менее 12 % энергетической ценности), пищевых волокон (не менее 3 г на 100 г продукции), железа, ниацина (не менее 15 % средней суточной потребности) и относятся к продукции с высоким содержанием β-каротина (не менее 30 % средней суточной потребности).
Reseña de Foreign Language Teaching and the Environment. Theory, Curricula, Institutional Structures
Authors: López-Aguilera Ana M.
Published: May 2021

Reseña de Foreign Language Teaching and the Environment. Theory, Curricula, Institutional Structures.
Quantification of late Cenozoic erosion in Denmark based on sonic data and basin modelling
Authors: Japsen Peter , Bidstrup Torben
Published: May 2021

The amount of section missing because of late Cenozoic erosion is estimated using basin modelling and sonic data from four stratigraphic levels in 68 Danish wells, and is found to be smaller than estimated in previous studies. The missing section increases from zero in the western and southern part of the Danish North Sea to 1000–1200 m towards north-east, on and along the Skagerrak-Kattegat Platform. In a broad intermediate zone, c. 500 m of mainly Paleocene–Miocene sediments are missing where Paleocene sediments subcrop the Quaternary. On the Skagerrak-Kattegat Platform, an additional c. 500 m Upper Cretaceous–Danian Chalk Group were removed where the lower parts of the Chalk are preserved, whereas the missing sediments must have been progressively younger towards south-west where Miocene sediments subcrop the Quaternary. The deep erosion on and along the Skagerrak-Kattegat Platform documents that Neogene uplift and erosion affected the study area prior to glacial erosion during the Quaternary. These results are consistent with Neogene uplift of south Norway as well as of south Sweden centred around the South Swedish Dome that culminates north-east of the Kattegat. There is good correlation between estimates of erosion based on Chalk velocities and on basin modelling. Comparison of different methods indicates that erosion is overestimated when based on sonic data from Lower Jurassic shale in north-eastern Denmark, and this could be due to lithological differences. It is concluded that maximum burial of the Mesozoic succession occurred prior to Neogene erosion throughout the area, and a previous suggestion of deep erosion in the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone during the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene inversion is rejected.
Superimposed deformation in glaciotectonics
Authors: Pedersen S.A. Schack
Published: May 2021

The identification of glaciotectonic structures is an exclusive field for the structural geologist. The structures comprise a series of different types and regimes. The sequential development of the glaciotectonic structures reflects superimposed subglacial and proglacial deformation processes. The glaciotectonic structures may involve earlier formed structures thus superimposed by the glaciotectonics, or the glaciotectonic structures may eventually be overprinted by neotectonic deformations. Four different superimposed settings may be distinguished: 1) glaciotectonic deformation superimposed on pre-Quaternary tectonics, 2) glaciotectonic deformation superimposed on earlier formed glaciotectonic structures (superimposed deformation involving two or more glaciodynamic events), 3) glaciotectonic deformations superimposed sequentially in the same glaciotectonic unit (two or more glaciotectonic phases in the same glaciodynamic event), and finally 4) neotectonic deformation superimposed on glaciotectonic structures. Examples of type 1 are taken from the deformed Palaeogene diatomites with ash layers at Hanklit, Mors, and Hestegården, Fur. Dokumentation of glaciotectonic deformation superimposed on halokinetic structures is demonstrated from Erslev, Mors, and further examplified by structures occurring at Junget on the north side of the Batum salt diapir in Salling. Type 2 is examplified by glaciotectonic structures in the Skarrehage mo-clay pit on Mors. An example of Elsterian glaciotectonics superimposed by Saalian glaciotectonics is recorded from the hilly island Møborg, central part of western Jylland. The classic glaciotectonic site Møns Klint is described as a combination of an imbricate fan and an antiformal stack formed by the Young Baltic ice advance in the Late Weichselian superimposed by a regressional re-advance from the east. Type 3 is exemplified by the glaciotectonic complex at Feggeklit. Type 4 is described from the island of Fur where glaciotectonic structures are cut by neotectonic faults roughly parallel to the main E-W trend of Limfjorden.
Environmental fluctuations in the Olenus Zone (Upper Cambrian), southern Scandinavia: A geochemical approach
Authors: Schovsbo Niels H.
Published: May 2021

The Scandinavian Alum Shale Formation (Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician) was deposited under generally low bottom water oxygen levels. In the formation there is a covariance between faunal composition and the level of trace element enrichment caused by their mutual dependence upon changes in the bottom water oxygen levels. A detailed profile of the V/(V+Ni) ratio through the Upper Cambrian Olenus Zone in the Gislövshammar-2 core, Scania, Sweden, is described. Environmental information from this zone is particularly relevant since the Olenus species in the zone apparently undergo iterative changes in morphology that may be linked to environmental changes. Moreover, the occurrences of Olenus species and Homagnostus obesus are almost mutually exclusive. The results indicate that the trilobitic intervals coincide with increases in oxygen levels as monitored by the V/(V+Ni) ratio. Peak oxygen levels do not appear at the base of each interval, suggesting that colonisation of the sea-floor took place when the oxygenation level reached a certain threshold but before maximum oxygen levels were reached. The distribution patterns of Olenus and Homagnostus are interpreted as reflecting differences in substrate preference since samples containing Homagnostus have statistically significantly higher TOC levels. The V/(V+Ni) variations in the Olenus bearing intervals suggest that oxygen levels fluctuated more than would be expected from morphological changes apparent in the Olenusspecies.
The base of the Maastrichtian
Authors: Christensen Walter Kegel , Hancock Jake M. , Kennedy William James
Published: May 2021

At the Brussels Symposium on Cretaceous Stage Boundaries in 1995, the Maastrichtian Working Group decided to recommend the first occurrence of the ammonite Pachydiscus neubergicus in the Tercis quarry near Dax in the Landes, southwest France as the boundary stratotype for the base of the Maastrichtian stage. On the basis of the echinoid genus Echinocorys the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary beds of Tercis are correlated with the succession in north Norfolk, England, which in turn is correlated with the succession at Kronsmoor, northwest Germany on the basis of belemnites and brachiopods. If the possible correlation between Tercis and northwest Germany is true, the P. neubergicus and Belemnella lanceolata standards for the base of the Maastrichtian stage are not separated by more than 0.2 m.y.
Memorisation and implicit perceptual learning are enhanced for preferred musical intervals and chords
Authors: Sarasso Pietro , Perna Pasqualina , Barbieri Paolo , Neppi-Modona Marco , Sacco Katiuscia , Ronga Irene
Published: May 2021

Is it true that we learn better what we like? Current neuroaesthetic and neurocomputational models of aesthetic appreciation postulate the existence of a correlation between aesthetic appreciation and learning. However, even though aesthetic appreciation has been associated with attentional enhancements, systematic evidence demonstrating its influence on learning processes is still lacking. Here, in two experiments, we investigated the relationship between aesthetic preferences for consonance versus dissonance and the memorisation of musical intervals and chords. In Experiment 1, 60 participants were first asked to memorise and evaluate arpeggiated triad chords (memorisation phase), then, following a distraction task, chords’ memorisation accuracy was measured (recognition phase). Memorisation resulted to be significantly enhanced for subjectively preferred as compared with non-preferred chords. To explore the possible neural mechanisms underlying these results, we performed an EEG study, directed to investigate implicit perceptual learning dynamics (Experiment 2). Through an auditory mismatch detection paradigm, electrophysiological responses to standard/deviant intervals were recorded, while participants were asked to evaluate the beauty of the intervals. We found a significant trial-by-trial correlation between subjective aesthetic judgements and single trial amplitude fluctuations of the ERP attention-related N1 component. Moreover, implicit perceptual learning, expressed by larger mismatch detection responses, was enhanced for more appreciated intervals. Altogether, our results showed the existence of a relationship between aesthetic appreciation and implicit learning dynamics as well as higher-order learning processes, such as memorisation. This finding might suggest possible future applications in different research domains such as teaching and rehabilitation of memory and attentional deficits.
Analyse von studentischen Beweisprozessen – Entwicklung eines Analyseinstruments
Authors: Kirsten Katharina
Published: May 2021

In diesem Artikel wird ein Analyseinstrument für studentische Beweiskonstruktionen vorgestellt und hinsichtlich seiner Anwendbarkeit diskutiert. Das Analyseinstrument soll es erlauben, Beweisprozesse von Studienanfänger*innen auf individueller Ebene zu beschreiben und einer vergleichenden Analyse zugänglich zu machen. Hierfür werden neben theoretischen Fragen insbesondere auch die methodischen Rahmenbedingungen diskutiert. Es werden zwei konkrete Auswertungsverfahren gegenübergestellt, deren Vor- und Nachteile anhand empirischer Daten untersucht werden. Als theoretische Grundlage dient ein Beweisprozessmodell, das die zentralen Schritte der Beweiskonstruktion im Hochschulkontext zusammenfasst.
Von der Idee zur Umsetzung – Auf dem Weg zu digitalen diagnostischen Testaufgaben (DDTA)
Authors: Krusekamp Sebastian
Published: May 2021

Die Diagnose Mathematischen Grundwissens und Grundkönnens (Bruder et al. 2015) steht im Spannungsfeld zwischen der Fülle potenziell zu prüfender relevanter Inhalte und diagnostischer Informationen auf der einen Seite und technischen wie praktischen – insbesondere zeitlichen – Begrenzungen auf der anderen Seite (u. a. Winter 2011 & 2013, Schwinning et al. 2015). Digitale diagnostische Testaufgaben (DDTA) begegnen dieser Problematik mit einer Kombination zweier Konzepte: dem Einsatz diagnostischer Distraktoren (Winter 2011) erweitert durch das Konzept der sogenannten Elementarisierenden Schleifen (Feldt-Caesar 2017). Das Zusammenspiel dieser Konzepte und der automatisierten Auswertung offener Antwortformate (Kallweit 2016a) ermöglicht eine zeitökonomische und zugleich differenzierte Fehleraufklärung und darauf basierend die automatische Generierung eines individuellen förderwirksamen Feedbacks (Neugebauer & Krusekamp 2016). Die Konzipierung und Realisierung digitaler diagnostischer Testaufgaben wird in diesem Artikel theoretisch beschrieben und an einem Beispiel veranschaulicht.
Praxis- und projektorientiertes Lernen und Lehren in der Lehrerausbildung: Studierende entwickeln, betreuen und reflektieren einen interaktiven Ausstellungsstand für Schüler/innen auf einer Wissenschaftsmesse
Authors: Borys Thomas
Published: May 2021

Studierende des Fachs Mathematik entwickeln für eine Wissenschaftsmesse, die sich vornehmlich an Schüler/innen der Sekundarstufe I richtet, eigene Lehr- und Lernarrangements. Diese werden in einem interaktiven Ausstellungstand zusammengefasst, den die Studierenden eigenständig aufbauen und über die gesamte Messezeit hinweg betreuen. Als ein Best Practice Beispiel werden in diesem Beitrag die zu Grunde liegenden Lehrkonzepte, Ziele und Struktur der damit verbundenen Lehrveranstaltung vorgestellt.
Vorkenntnisse, Vorkursteilnahme und Studienerfolg – Untersuchungen von Studienanfängerinnen und Studienanfängern der Elektrotechnik und der Informatik an der FH Aachen
Authors: Hoever Georg , Greefrath Gilbert
Published: May 2021

Seit dem Wintersemester 2009/2010 gibt es an der FH Aachen für Studiengänge der Elektrotechnik und der Informatik einen Mathematikvorkurs, der im Rahmen eines Vor- und Nachtest-Designs evaluiert wird. Dieser Beitrag stellt die bisherigen Ergebnisse dar und setzt damit die Untersuchungen aus Greefrath & Hoever (2016) fort. Der besondere Fokus liegt auf den Kenntnissen von Studienanfänger/innen und Zusammenhängen zwischen den Kenntnissen zu Studienbeginn, der Vorkursteilnahme und den weiteren Prüfungsleistungen.
Aspekte professioneller Kompetenz zum Lehren mathematischen Modellierens bei (angehenden) Lehrkräften – Theoretische und empirische Fundierung
Authors: Wess Raphael , Klock Heiner , Greefrath Gilbert , Siller Hans-Stefan
Published: May 2021

Nach der Modellierung globaler professioneller Kompetenzen von (angehenden) Mathematiklehrkräften in verschiedenen Large-Scale Studien, wie z. B. der COACTIV-Studie, stellt die Beschreibung bereichsspezifischer Fähigkeiten ein immer größer werdendes Anliegen fachdidaktischer Forschung dar. Insbesondere die unterrichtliche Vermittlung der allgemeinen Kompetenz „mathematisch Modellieren“ bringt viele Anforderungen für Lehrkräfte mit sich, sodass eine Modellierung notwendiger Kompetenzen in diesem Bereich besonders wichtig scheint. Der Artikel widmet sich der theoriebasierten Herleitung eines Strukturmodells, welches professionelle Kompetenzen zum Lehren mathematischen Modellierens beschreibt. Hierfür wird anhand eines vorhandenen Dimensionsmodells zu modellierungsspezifischen Lehrkompetenzen eine Ausdeutung des COACTIV-Modells vorgenommen. Dabei steht besonders das fachdidaktische Wissen im Fokus der Betrachtungen. Eine empirische Überprüfung weist auf eine strukturelle Validität des hergeleiteten Modells hin. Insgesamt stellt die, auch auf spezifische Bereiche fokussierte, theoretisch und empirisch abgesicherte Beschreibung von Lehrerkompetenzen eine Voraussetzung für eine fundierte Lehrerbildung dar.
Perbandingan Return on Asset, Return on Equity, Gross Profit Margin, Operating Profit Margin, dan Net Profit Margin Sebelum dan Semasa COVID-19 Pada PT Matahari Department Store, Tbk
Authors: Jefriyanto Jefriyanto
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine the impact of covid-19 on profitability at PT. Matahari Department Store, Tbk. Profitability is the ratio used to measure the level of profit obtained from sales and investment. Profitability concerns are Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Gross Profit Margin (GPM), Operating Profit Margin (OPM) and Net Profit Margin (NPM). The data is secondary data which includes financial reports for 2019 and 2020. The analysis tools is the profitability ratio and for analyzing the data, this study uses a descriptive method. The results of this study indicate that ROA, ROE, GPM, OPM and NPM have decreased between 2019 and 2020. This is because companies no longer have any profits in 2020. This decrease is due to the covid-19 outbreak which has caused national and international economies issues, including PT. Matahari Department Store, Tbk.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak Dengan Capital Intensity Sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Mustofa Muhamad Apep , Amini Maryam , Djaddang Syahril
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh profitabilitas terhadap agresivitas pajak dan pengaruh profitabilitas terhadap agresivitas pajak dengan capital intensity sebagai variabel moderasi.

Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan industri pertambangan batu bara yang telah terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2014-2018. Peneliti menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan total sampel 40 sampel dari 17 perusahaan yang telah terpilih.

Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa capital intensity dapat memoderasi pengaruh profitabilitas terhadap agresivitas pajak. Dan juga profitabilitas berpengaruh terhadap agresivitas pajak.

Kata kunci: Profitabilitas, Capital Intensity, dan Agresivitas Pajak
Tone Sandhi Domain is not a Foot in Standard Mandarin: Evidence from the Perceptual Side
Authors: Du Naiyan
Published: May 2021

There is a long debate on whether or not the tone sandhi domain in Standard Mandarin should be treated as a metrical foot. According to the hypothesis that the tone sandhi domain is the metrical foot (Duanmu, 2007), a tone sandhi pattern can be used to infer the position of stress. However, this study shows that, despite changing the domain over which tone sandhi occurs, stress pattern remains unchanged perceptually for native speakers of Standard Mandarin. This finding conforms to the results of previous production experiments that show that the stress position remains consistent for utterances with different morpho-syntactic structures (Jia, 2011; Lai et al., 2010). Therefore, the tone sandhi domain is non-isomorphic with the stress domain in Standard Mandarin.
Learning Nonlocal Phonotactics in a Strictly Piecewise Probabilistic Phonotactic Model
Authors: Dai Huteng
Published: May 2021

Phonotactic learning is a crucial aspect of phonological acquisition and has figured significantly in computational research in phonology (Prince & Tesar 2004). However, one persistent challenge for this line of research is inducing non-local co-occurrence patterns (Hayes & Wilson 2008). The current study develops a probabilistic phonotactic model based on the Strictly Piecewise class of subregular languages (Heinz 2010). The model successfully learns both segmental and featural representations, and correctly predicts the acceptabilities of the nonce forms in Quechua (Gouskova & Gallagher 2020).
Convergence Doesn't Show Lexically-Specific Phonetic Detail
Authors: Sanker Chelsea
Published: May 2021

Can phonetic convergence be lexically specific, providing evidence that representations include word-specific phonetic detail, or does it occur only at a phonological level? Some studies find more convergence in lower frequency words, which is interpreted as evidence for word-specific representations. However, this result has not been consistently replicated, and provides only indirect evidence for word-specific convergence. I more directly test the possibility of word-specific convergence in a shadowing task with different words manipulated in opposing directions; word-specific acoustic details are reflected in immediate repetition, but not in the post-task productions that would indicate shifts in the representation. I also examine a possible alternative source of apparent frequency-conditioned convergence. In a reading task with no exposure to other speakers, frequency was a predictor of speakers becoming more similar to each other in their second reading of a word; because effects of repetition are influenced by lexical frequency, apparent frequency-conditioned convergence can be produced as an artifact of the repetition inherent in shadowing tasks.
Phonetic & Phonological Salience Effects in Different Speech Processing Tasks
Authors: Barzilai Maya L.
Published: May 2021

This paper provides evidence for both effects of both phonetic and phonological salience in speech processing. Results from three experiments are presented, each examining the relative processing of two speech sounds by speakers of two different languages. In each experiment, one of the two sounds is more phonetically salient and the other is more phonologically salient given the morphophonological patterning of one of the langauges. Phonetic salience effects emerged in shorter-term tasks and phonological salience effects emerged in tasks that were longer-term and that required more phonological processing.
Modeling the Acquisition of Phonological Interactions: Biases and Generalization
Authors: Prickett Brandon , Jarosz Gaja
Published: May 2021

In this paper we computationally implement four different theories for representing opaque and transparent phonological interactions: Harmonic Serialism, Stratal OT, Two-Level Constraints, and Indexed Constraints. We then show that these theories make unique predictions on two tasks: (1) a learning-bias task, based on previous experimental work with humans and (2) a novel generalization task that no human data exists for. Our results in (1) show that serial models predict that transparent languages should be easier to acquire, while parallel models do not. Furthermore, the results for (2) show that all four of the theories we test make unique predictions for how humans should generalize to novel phonological interaction types.
To Predict or to Memorize: Prominence in Inaugural Addresses
Authors: Clapp William Somers , Anttila Arto
Published: May 2021

The assignment of phrasal prominence has been variously attributed to syntactic structure, part of speech, predictability, informativity, and speaker's intent. A recent account asserts that prominence is memorized on a by-word basis as Accent Ratio (AR), the likelihood that a word is accented (Nenkova et al. 2007). We examined whether AR outperforms the traditional predictors, in particular syntax and informativity, and if not, whether the traditional predictors shed light on the variance left unexplained by AR. We used a corpus of spoken American English consisting of the first inaugural addresses of six recent American presidents, hand-annotated for stress by two native English speakers. Regression models fitted to the data revealed that AR, syntax, and informativity all independently matter. Dividing the data into high-prominence and low-prominence tokens further revealed that AR and informativity are significant among low-prominence words, but only syntax is significant among high-prominence words. We conclude that although AR is a highly successful predictor, certain aspects of phrasal prominence require reference to syntax and informativity.
Overtly Headed XPs and Irish Syntax-Prosody Mapping
Authors: Kalivoda Nick , Bellik Jennifer
Published: May 2021

Analyses of Irish phonological phrasing (Elfner 2012 et seq.) have been influential in shaping Match Theory (Selkirk 2011), an OT approach to mapping syntactic to prosodic structure. We solve two constraint ranking paradoxes concerning the relative ranking of Match and StrongStart. Irish data indicate that while XPs with silent heads can fail to map to phonological phrases in certain circumstances, overtly headed XPs cannot. They also indicate that rebracketing due to the constraint StrongStart occurs only sentence-initially, contrary to predictions. We account for these puzzles by invoking Van Handel's (2019) Match constraint which sees only XPs with overt heads, and by positing a new version of StrongStart which only applies to material at the left edge of the intonational phrase. Our analysis is developed using the Syntax-Prosody in Optimality Theory application (SPOT) and OTWorkplace.
North Germanic Tonal Accent is Equipollent and Metrical: Evidence from Compounding
Authors: Kaldhol Nina Hagen , Köhnlein Björn
Published: May 2021

For the North Germanic opposition between two tonal accents, it has been claimed that Accent 2 has a lexical tone, that Accent 1 has a lexical tone, that both accents are marked tonally in the lexicon, or that the accent opposition is based on two types of feet. Based on evidence from compounding, we argue that the opposition between Accent 1 and Accent 2 is equipollent, and that this is best expressed in a foot-based approach since each lexical item will necessarily receive a foot. Elaborating on previous metrical work on tonal accent, we assume that binary feet can be built on moras (= Accent 1) or syllables (= Accent 2) and show how this successfully captures compound accentuation in Central Swedish and Urban East Norwegian. Our foot-based analysis is in line with recent work on tonal accent that calls into question the claim that all tonal contrasts within syllables must be due to the presence of lexical tone. In addition, our analysis addresses issues surrounding the phonology of compounds in general, and prosodic effects of compounding in particular.
Intrinsic f0 and Sound Change: Evidence from Australian Languages
Authors: Babinski Sarah
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a study is presented investigating two types of intrinsic f0 effects in sixteen Australian languages. Vowels are known to vary systematically in their mean f0 as a function of vowel height as well as voicing of the previous consonant, a property known as intrinsic f0. Vowel height has been known to have a positive correlation with f0, in which high vowels have a higher intrinsic f0 than low vowels on average. Differences in intrinsic f0 also vary systematically based on the voicing of a preceding stop, with voiceless stops correlating with higher intrinsic f0 and voiced stops with lower. Using automatic data processing methods on archival audio data, this study shows wide variation in the presence and robustness of intrinsic f0 effects in the Australian langauges investigated.
Second-Position Clitics and Prosodic Recursion
Authors: Brodkin Dan
Published: May 2021

Recent work suggests that prosodic structure has the capacity to retain significant information about recursive syntactic constituency. This paper presents a novel argument for this view from the domain of second-position clitic linearization. In Mandar (Austronesian, Indonesia), many second-positon elements are linearized in domains which correspond to functional projections along the clausal spine (TP, vP). The process which positions these clitics is irreducibly postsyntactic in nature. This observation suggests that TP, vP, and other 'functional' phrases must remain constituents at a prosodic level of representation. This conclusion provides further evidence for the view that under ideal circumstances, syntactic phrases map to prosodic equivalents in a one-to-one fashion.
OCP Avoidance in Classical Chinese: Implications for Tonogenesis
Authors: Rabinovitch Jack Isaac
Published: May 2021

Through a corpus of five pre-Qin (before 221 BCE) texts, this paper argues that the authors of both prose and poetry in Classical Chinese were sensitive to OCP violations at cross-word boundaries, and changed diction and used marked word order as a way to avoid the creation of pseudogeminates across words. The frequency of bigrams which result in pseudogeminates are compared to the predicted frequency of pseudogeminates across the corpus. This paper finds that pseudogeminates are significantly (p<0.00001) rarer than expected through randomization. Furthermore, by analyzing these texts with multiple possible phonological reconstructions, this paper suggests that post-codas, segments which were present in Old Chinese, but were elided during the process of tonogenesis between Old Chinese and Middle Chinese, were most likely present in the Chinese of the writers of the texts. Evidence comes from the consistency of OCP avoidance across all tones of Chinese assuming the presence of post-codas, and the lack of consistency thereof when post-codas are not assumed.
Directionality of Disyllabic Tone Sandhi across Chinese Dialects is Conditioned by Phonetically-Grounded Structural Simplicity
Authors: Huang Tingyu , Do Youngah
Published: May 2021

Despite various work which aimed to identify the phonetic and structural underpinning of tone sandhi directionality, the underlying mechanism that governs tone sandhi remains unknown. We note that the two widely discussed properties of tone sandhi, their phonetic grounds and directionality, correspond to two types of cognitive biases widely investigated in segmental phonology, namely substantive bias and structural bias respectively. This study examines structural simplicity and phonetic naturalness of tone sandhi patterns across seventeen Chinese varieties. Based on a structure-based analysis, we show that tone sandhi patterns are overwhelmingly uni-directional (i.e. structurally simple) either throughout a sandhi system or within each grammatical category. Crucially, uni-directionality is largely right-dominant, which could be attributed to its phonetic grounding. We argue that structural simplicity grounded on phonetic substance better captures tone sandhi asymmetries and such phonetically-grounded structural simplicity bias is reflected in the asymmetries of Chinese tone sandhi directionality.
Production and Substantive Bias in Phonological Learning
Authors: Do Youngah , Havenhill Jonathan
Published: May 2021

The role of inductive biases has been actively examined in work on phonological learning. While previous studies systematically supported a structural bias hypothesis, i.e., patterns with simpler phonological featural descriptions are easier to learn, the results have been mixed for a substantive bias hypothesis, i.e., phonetically motivated patterns are easier to learn. This study explores an explanation for the uncertain status of substantive bias in phonological learning. Among the aspects of phonetic substance, we focus on articulatory factors. We hypothesize that practice producing phonological patterns makes salient to learners the articulatory factors underlying articulatorily (un-)grounded patterns. An artificial language learning experiment was conducted to test the learning of postnasal (de)voicing, a pattern which is primarily grounded on articulatory components. We examine the role of production in the learning of articulatorily grounded (postnasal voicing) vs. ungrounded patterns (postnasal devoicing), by comparing the outcomes of perception-only vs. perception-with-production learning contexts, both in categorical and variable pattern learning conditions. The results show evidence for a production effect, but it was restricted to certain contexts, namely those involving a higher level of uncertainty and for languages exhibiting dominant natural patterns. We discuss the implications of our findings for phonological learning and language change.
There is no Post-focal De-phrasing in English
Authors: Wu Danfeng
Published: May 2021

This paper studies the relationship between prosodic phrasing and prominence by addressing the questions of whether every prosodic phrase must have a head (a most prominent sub-constituent), and if so, how the head is marked. I study these questions by examining the intermediate phrase (iP) in English. If every iP must have a head, and this head must be marked by a pitch accent, then in an environment without any pitch accent, there should be no head/non-head distinction. And if there is no head, there should be no iP in this context either. I conducted a production study in English, and found durational evidence suggesting the presence of iP boundaries in an accent-less context. I also searched for durational evidence for iP-level prominence distinctions in this context, but here my results are mixed. One theoretical possibility that is compatible with my findings is that every phrase must have a head, but the head of an iP can be marked by something other than pitch accent, for example by phrasal stress.
On the Phonology and Semantics of Deaccentuation
Authors: Shapiro Naomi Tachikawa , Anttila Arto
Published: May 2021

The deaccentuation of given and/or repeated elements is familiar from many dialects of English. We propose that deaccentuation is essentially an optional postlexical phonological process of stress retraction triggered by two constraints: *Stress-Copy, which assigns a violation to a stress peak on a word with a segmentally identical copy in the left context, and Rightmost, which assigns a violation to every word between a stress peak and the right phrase edge. We quantify deaccentuation by defining it as being perceived with less stress than expected, where expected stress is calculated by an implementation of Liberman and Prince's (1977) phrasal stress algorithm. We provide empirical evidence for our analysis based on the first inaugurals of six former U.S. presidents.
Learning French Liaison with Gradient Symbolic Representations: Errors, Predictions, Consequences
Authors: Tessier Anne-Michelle , Jesney Karen
Published: May 2021

Smolensky & Goldrick (2016) first made the case for Gradient Symbolic Representations (GSRs) as the inputs to phonological grammar using the phenomena of French liaison. Under this view, many common French words are stored underlyingly with partially-activated word-final consonants, and others with gradient blends of partially-activated word-initial consonants. In this paper, we follow up some of that view's predictions and consequences, focusing on the acquisition of French liaison using GSRs. We compare our simulations of error-driven GSR learning with observed errors made by French-learning children, and find the results to be encouragingly similar. We also compare predictions about the end state of GSR learning with a pilot study reporting adult French speakers' use of liaison in nonce words, where we find a rather less good explanatory fit. The paper emphasizes the role of word and collocation frequency in the development of phonological patterns by a GSR learner, and outlines many future avenues for research.
LİSANSÜSTÜ DÜZEYDE EĞİTİME İLİŞKİN ÖĞRENCİ DEĞERLENDİRMELERİ: BİLGİSAYAR VE ÖĞRETİM TEKNOLOJİLERİ EĞİTİMİ BÖLÜMÜ LİSANSÜSTÜ ÖĞRENCİLERİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KURTOĞLU ERDEN Meltem , SEFEROĞLU Süleyman Sadi
Published: May 2021

Yüksek lisans ve doktora programlarından oluşan lisansüstü eğitim, lisans eğitiminin tamamlanmasının ardından seçilen bir dalda düzenlenen iki aşamalı öğretim sürecini kapsamaktadır. Lisansüstü eğitim belli bir alanda uzmanlaşmayı amaçlayan eğitimdir. Lisansüstü eğitimin amaçlarına ulaşabilmesi için, eğitimin verildiği alanın içeriklerine uygun programların hazırlanması ve öğrenci ile öğretim üyelerinin işbirliği içerisinde hareket etmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu süreçte öğrencilerin ihtiyaç, beklenti ve görüşlerinin ortaya çıkarılması da programın başarılı olmasında önemli unsurlar olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu nedenle bir programa yönelik öğrencilerin görüşleri, o programı hazırlayan ve uygulayanların görüşleri kadar önemli görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmanın amacı Bilgisayar Öğretimi ve Teknoloji Eğitimi (BÖTE) alanında lisansüstü eğitim alan öğrencilerin lisansüstü eğitime ilişkin görüşlerini ortaya çıkarmak olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda öğrencilerin lisansüstü eğitim alma nedenleri, lisansüstü eğitimden beklentileri, lisansüstü eğitim sürecinde karşılaştıkları sorunlar ve bu sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerilerine ilişkin görüşleri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 10’u yüksek lisans, 10’u doktora öğrencisi olmak üzere 20 lisansüstü öğrencisine ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmayla ilgili veriler “Lisansüstü Eğitime İlişkin Görüş Formu” başlıklı bir form aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerden, öğrencilerin lisansüstü eğitimi genel olarak akademik kariyer, bilimsel süreçler, kişisel gelişim ve alanda uzmanlaşma kavramlarıyla bütünleştirdikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARI İÇİN YENİ BİR DERS: ÖĞRETİM TEKNOLOJİLERİ
Authors: İLİC Ulaş
Published: May 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı yeni öğretmen yetiştirme programlarında yer alan Öğretim Teknolojileri dersini incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışma nitel araştırma deseni ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmaya Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi’nde 2019-2020 öğretim yılı güz döneminde derse kayıtlı 144 öğretmen adayı ve aynı birimde dersi yürüten 4 öğretim elemanı katılmıştır. Katılımcılardan veriler yazılı görüş formları ile çevrimiçi ortamda alınmıştır. Söz konusu veriler dönem sonu yapılan materyal sergisinden elde edilen bulgular ile desteklenmiştir. Tüm verilerin analizinde nitel veri analiz programı işe koşulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular dersin gerekli olduğunu yansıtmıştır. Buna ek olarak Öğretim Teknolojileri dersinin içeriği de yeterli bulunmuştur. Öte yandan dersin yalnızca teorik yapıda olması ve süresi konusunda olumsuz bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Öğretim Teknolojileri dersini yürütecek öğretim elemanlarının teknoloji bağlamında yetkin olması gerektiği katılımcılar tarafından belirtilmiştir. Tüm bunlara ek olarak dersin mesleki gelişim ve materyal hazırlama özelinde katkılarının olduğu bulunmuştur. İlgili bulguların sonraki araştırmalara yönelik bir pencere açabileceği düşünülmektedir.
TEMEL EĞİTİM ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ DRAMAYA İLİŞKİN METAFORLARI
Authors: ONUR SEZER Gönül , BAĞÇELİ KAHRAMAN Pınar
Published: May 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı metaforlar aracılığıyla temel eğitim öğretmen adaylarının dramaya ilişkin algılarını belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, okul öncesi ve sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının dramanın hangi bileşenini veya özelliğini ön plana çıkardığı ürettikleri metaforlar yoluyla incelenmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden biri olan olgu bilim deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu bir devlet üniversitesinde öğretmenlik eğitimleri sürecinde drama eğitimi almış olan 57 Okul öncesi ve 50 Sınıf Öğretmenliği öğretmen adayları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada öğretmen adaylarına “Drama, dramada öğretmen, dramada çocuk/öğrenci, dramada aksesuar/materyal, dramada planlama, dramada oyun …………………… gibidir, Çünkü………………” soruları sorulmuş ve adaylardan cevap vermeleri istenmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının ürettikleri metaforlar incelenerek kategorileştirilmiş ve kategoriler yüzde ve frekanslar halinde verilmiştir. Bu bağlamda drama kavramına yönelik 46, dramada öğretmen kavramına yönelik 47, dramada çocuk/öğrenci kavramına yönelik 60, dramada aksesuar/materyal kavramına yönelik 62, dramada planlama kavramına yönelik 72, dramada oyun kavramına yönelik ise 73 metafor tespit edilmiştir. Metaforlar incelendiğinde genel olarak olumlu ifadeler kullanıldığı görülmektedir.
YENİ NESİL VE OYUNLAŞTIRMA: ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ OYUNLAŞTIRMA UYGULAMASINA İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: SANİ-BOZKURT Sunagül
Published: May 2021

Bu araştırmada özel eğitim öğretmen adaylarının oyunlaştırmaya ilişkin görüşlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan durum çalışması olarak desenlenmiştir. Araştırmada öğretmen adaylarından veri toplamak amacıyla çevrimiçi asenkron yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme ve ayrıca yüz yüze yarı yapılandırılmış odak grup görüşmesi yapılmıştır. Toplanan verilerden temalar çıkarmak için içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları incelendiğinde; öğretmen adayları klasik ders anlatımına göre oyunlaştırmanın oyun bağlamı içinde eğlenceli, ilgi çekici, etkili ve kalıcı öğrenme deneyimleri sağladığını belirtmişlerdir. Ek olarak oyunlaştırma sürecinin kendilerinde önceki konuları tekrar etme ve sonraki konular için de derse hazırlıklı gelme sorumluluğu hissettirdiğini ifade etmişlerdir. Bu düşünceden hareketle gelecekteki öğrenme ortamlarında oyunlaştırma uygulamalarının kullanımının giderek yaygınlaştırılması önerilebilir. Oyunlaştırma uygulamalarının kullanımına yönelik eğitim kurumlarında seminerler, çalıştaylar düzenlenebilir, farkındalık çalışmaları yürütülebilir.
DEĞERLERE VE DEĞERLER EĞİTİMİNE İLİŞKİN ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: KAMER S. Tunay , ŞAHİN Murat
Published: May 2021

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı öğretmen adaylarının değerler ve değerler eğitimine ilişkin görüşlerini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemine uygun olarak durum çalışması yaklaşımı ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada incelenen durum öğretmen adaylarının değerler ve değerler eğitimine ilişkin görüşleridir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi ile belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 25 öğretmen adayı ile bu araştırma yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları kullanılarak öğretmen adaylarıyla yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi yaklaşımları ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının sahip oldukları değerler bağlamında öğrencilere yaklaştıkları belirlenmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının sahip olduğu değerlerin farklı yaşantıların etkisinde olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca öğretmen adaylarının değerler ve değerler eğitimi sürecine ilişkin olarak eğitim fakültelerinde değerler eğitiminin ders olarak verilmesi ve görev yaptıkları illerin kültürel değerleri hakkında hizmet içi eğitimler ve seminerler verilmesi gerektiği konusunda öneriler getirmişlerdir.
İNSAN İLİŞKİLERİ VE İLETİŞİM DERSİNİN ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN İLETİŞİM VE PROBLEM ÇÖZME BECERİ DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: AKAN Yunus
Published: May 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, “İnsan İlişkileri ve İletişim Ders Programı”nın üniversite öğrencilerin iletişim ve problem çözme becerisi düzeylerine etkisini incelemektir. Bu araştırma, “Öntest-Sontest Kontrol Gruplu Model” olarak tanımlanan yarı deneysel desen olarak kurgulandı. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılında Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık programında öğrenim gören 48 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama araçları olarak “İletişim Becerileri Envanteri” ve “Kişilerarası Problem Çözme Envanteri” kullanıldı. Program, deney grubuna 13 hafta boyunca Pazartesi günleri saat 13.00’de eğitim sınıfında haftada 1 oturum ve 80-90 dakika olarak uygulandı. Bu araştırmanın verilerinin analizinde bağımsız örneklem t-test ve ANCOVA (Kovaryans Analizi) kullanıldı. Araştırmanın sonuçları olarak “İnsan İlişkileri ve İletişim Ders Programı”ın, deney grubunda yer alan öğrencilerin iletişim ve problem çözme beceri düzeylerini artırdığı ortaya çıktı. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda alanyazın destekli tartışma yapıldı ve insan ilişkileri ve iletişim ders içeriğinin gözden geçirilerek geliştirilmesi ve uygulamaya dönük çalışmaların daha fazla yer alması, dersin teorik ve uygulama şeklinde iki döneme yayılması, insan ilişkileri ve iletişim dersinin tüm bölümlerde okuyan öğrencilere okutulması ve üniversite öğrencilerinin iletişim ve problem çözme becerilerinin geliştirecek eğitim, sanat, sosyal ve kültürel etkinlikler ve sosyal kulüp çalışmaları gibi ders dışı etkinlikler düzenlenmesi gibi öneriler yapıldı.
İLKOKUL 4.SINIF DİN KÜLTÜRÜ VE AHLAK BİLGİSİ DERSİ EĞİTİM MATERYALLERİ PORTALI’NA İLİŞKİN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: DEDEOĞLU Hakan , ERBASAN Ömer
Published: May 2021

Nitel araştırma kapsamında yapılan bu çalışmada MEB Din Öğretimi Genel Müdürlüğü Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Öğretimi Portalı’nda yer alan materyaller doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Öğretimi Portalı’nda yer alan 4. sınıf düzeyindeki etkileşimli kitaplar ve etkinlikler incelemeye dâhil edilmiştir. İnceleme amacıyla materyaller, ünite kazanımlarının düzeyleri, seçilen görsellerin etkililiği, bilgi ve kavram kutucuklarının etkililiği, çocukların düzeyine uygunluğu, değerlendirme soruları ve içeriğin geçerliği, sunulan bilgi ve etkinliklerin program yapısına uygunluğu açılarından değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Bulgular ünite ve konular özelinde birçok değerlendirme kriteri alanında eksiklikleri ortaya koymaktadır. Bununla birlikte uygulamada ihtiyaç duyulan etkinlik örnekleri, sunu ve kaynak hizmetinin böyle bir portal aracılığı ile sunulmuş olmasının önemine vurgu yapılmıştır. Değerlendirme sonuçları alanyazın kullanılarak sonuç ve tartışma altında sunulmuştur.
LİSE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN EBEVEYNLERİNİN OKUMA TUTUMLARININ ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AYDOĞDU Hamza , KARA ÖZKAN Neşe
Published: May 2021

Lise öğrencilerinin ebeveynlerinin okuma tutumlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelendiği bu araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelindedir. Araştırmanın evreni, Aksaray ili Merkez ilçesindeki Şehit Pilot Hamza Gümüşsoy Fen Lisesi ile Abdülhamit Han Fen Lisesinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerden ve onların ebeveynlerinden oluşmaktadır. Basit seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemi kullanılan araştırmaya 289 veli dâhil edilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Çelik ve Kızılaslan Tunçer (2020) tarafından geliştirilen “Okumaya Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” ile “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde t Testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA), Pearson Korelasyon Katsayısı testleri uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak ebeveynlerin okuma tutumlarının düşük olduğu, ebeveynlerin okuma tutumlarının yaşlarına ve cinsiyetlerine bağlı olarak değişkenlik göstermediği belirlenmiştir. Bunlar dışında ebeveynlerin okuma tutumları öğrenim durumları, aylık gelirleri ve mesleklerine göre farklılık gösterirken; bu tutumlar ile öğrencilerin LGS başarıları arasında düşük düzeyde pozitif yönde bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
FAMILY RELATIONS FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF FEMALE YOUTHS WITH SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Valentina Tience Debora , Hadjam Noor R. , Afiatin Tina , Good Byron J.
Published: May 2021

Research on youth's suicidal behavior often focuses on individuals rather than families. This exploratory research is related to family relations in female youths with suicidal behavior. This study's respondents were ten suicidal female youths (aged 15 to 24) divided into two groups: ' attempt' and 'no-attempt'. The FACES IV, family communication scale, and family satisfaction scale were given at the beginning of the study, which was continued with in-depth interviews to explore the flexibility, cohesion, and communication of their family relations. In the attempt group, FACES IV resulted in low balanced cohesion (35.8 respectively), low balanced flexibility (41.2 respectively), and low family communication (15.4 respectively). Surprisingly, all participants of both groups rated their family satisfaction levels low, meaning that all participants were dissatisfied with the family functioning. The interview resulted in eight main themes: lack of emotional closeness, family conflict, sibling relationship, leadership in the family, obedience, autonomy, and control, and mendhem rasa (buried emotion, in Javanese culture), and weak communication skills. In conclusion, the family's hierarchical relationships, family conflict, and emotional distance become the risk factors for adolescent suicidal behavior. The perspectives found in this study with suicidal female youths suggest that family-based prevention and intervention of suicidal behavior in youths need to understand family cultural values while encouraging to build emotional closeness and communication skills in the family.