bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penggunaan Metode Kooperatif Model Team Games Tournament Dapat Meningkatkan Kemampuan Belajar Berhitung Perkalian dan Pembagian Siswa Kelas II
Authors: Setyowati Yayuk Hermi
Published: July 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan siswa kelas II semester II dalam memahami pembelajaran perkalian dan pembagian pada mata pelajaran matematika menggunakan metode kooperatif model team games tournament. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dilakukan di Kelas II Semester II SDN 0I Taman  Kecamatan Taman Kota Madiun. Subjek Penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas II SDN 0I Taman Kecamatan Taman Kota Madiun dengan jumlah siswa 30 orang. Rencana tindakan yang akan dilakukan dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah: Perencanaan , Implementasi Tindakan, Observasi dan Interpretasi, Analisis dan Refleksi. Adapun cara menganalisis data adalah dengan menganalisis data hasil obeservasi pembelajaran kemudian dilakukan penafsiran berdasarkan kajian pustaka dan pengalaman guru. Pada bagian refleksi dilakukan analisis data mengenai proses, masalah, dan hambatan yang dijumpai kemudian dilanjutkan dengan refleksi dampak pelaksanaan tindakan yang dilaksanakan. Dari hasil kegiatan pembelajaran yang telah dilakukan selama dua siklus, dan berdasarkan seluruh pembahasan serta analisis yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan kooperatif model TGT dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa yang ditandai dengan peningkatan ketuntasan belajar siswa dalam setiap siklus. Hal tersebut ditandai dengan meningkatnya rata-rata keberhasilan siswa pada tiap-tiap siklus yaitu siklus I rata-rata 6,6 menjadi 8,4 pada siklus II.
TRATAMIENTO DE IMPAGOS BAJO EL ENFOQUE DE LA INCERTIDUMBRE CON LA APLICACIÓN DE REDES NEURONALES (CASO ARTESANOS DE CALZADO CANTÓN GUALACEO PROVINCIA DEL AZUAY)
Authors: Luna Altamirano Kléber , Tinto Arandes Jaime , Sarmiento Espinoza William , Cisneros Quintanilla Diego
Published: July 2017

Uno de los problemas más graves que atraviesan las microempresas y empresas en nuestro país, es el referido al problema de los impagos en gestión de tesorería. Este artículo aborda las distintas acciones encaminadas al recobro de un impago mediante la utilización de teoría del expertizaje para alimentar una matriz de efectos olvidados que permita tomar decisiones  y sirva como  instrumento de diseño para representar la política de gestión de cada empresa en las distintas acciones a tomar, es el caso de estudio de los artesanos de calzado del cantón Gualaceo Provincial del Azuay, donde no existe una política adecuada de gestión empresarial para el recobro de impagos por parte de clientes de sus productos. Se indicará paso a paso un grafo representativo de estas políticas a ejecutar en los pagos atrasados por parte de clientes u otras organizaciones con la empresa de calzado, justificando cada arco mediante el uso del análisis de redes neuronales. Una vez conocido la existencia de los impagos se aplica el expertizaje para construir la matriz de convolución que permite descubrir las acciones que han sido olvidadas y que deberá atacar la gerencia para poder tener éxito en la recuperación de los recobros no procesados.Palabras clave: Calzado, expertizaje, impagos, lógica difusa, redes neuronales.  ABSTRACTOne of the most serious problems that the micro companies and companies cross in our country, is recounted to the problem of the non-payments in financiering. This article tackles the different actions directed to the recovery of a non-payment by means of the use of theory of the expertizaje to feed a counterfoil of forgotten effects that allows to take decisions and serves like design instrument to represent the politics of management of every company in the different actions to take, it is the case of study of the craftsmen of footwear of the canton Gualaceo Provincial of the Azuay, where a suitable politics of managerial management does not exist for the non-payments recovery on the part of clients of its products. A graph representative of this politics will be indicated step by step to execute in the payments slowed down on the part of clients or other organizations with the company of footwear, justifying every arch by means of the use of the neural network analysis. Once known the existence of the non-payments applies the expertizaje to itself to construct the counterfoil of convolución that allows to discover the actions that have been forgotten and that the management will have to attack to be able to be successful in the recovery of the not processed recoveries.Keywords: Footwear, expertizaje, non-payments, diffuse logic, neural networks.
Establishing reconstructive neurosurgery as a subspecialty
Authors: Brown Justin M. , Mahan Mark A. , Mandeville Ross , Carter Bob S.
Published: July 2017

Neurosurgery is experiencing the emergence of a new subspecialty focused on function restoration. New, evolving, and reappraised surgical procedures have provided an opportunity to restore function to many patients with previously undertreated disorders. Candidates for reconstruction were previously limited to those with peripheral nerve and brachial plexus injuries, but this has been expanded to include stroke, spinal cord injury, and a host of other paralyzing disorders affecting both upper and lower motor neurons. Similar to the recent evolution of the well-established subdisciplines of spinal and vascular neurosurgery, reconstructive neurosurgery requires the adaptation of techniques and skills that were not traditionally a part of neurosurgical training. Neurosurgeons—as the specialists who already manage this patient population and possess the requisite surgical skills to master the required techniques—have a unique opportunity to lead the development of this field. The full development of this subspecialty will lay the foundation for the subsequent addition of emerging treatments, such as neuroprosthetics and stem cell–based interventions. As such, reconstructive neurosurgery represents an important aspect of neurosurgical training that can ameliorate many of the deficits encountered in the traditional practice of neurosurgery.
Motor cortex arteriovenous malformation
Authors: See Alfred P. , Flores Bruno C. , Moon Karam , Ducruet Andrew F. , Spetzler Robert F. , Albuquerque Felipe C.
Published: July 2017

Supratentorial arteriovenous malformations in eloquent territories can be difficult to resect. This video presents the treatment of a patient with a symptomatic 3-cm arteriovenous malformation in the left motor strip. At the authors’ institution, per the surgeon’s discretion, preoperative angiography is performed to evaluate the need for preoperative embolization. Multimodality treatment reduced the microsurgical risk by allowing early occlusion of a draining vein, by decreasing overall intraoperative hemorrhage, and by allowing minimal pial dissection in the deep aspect of the arteriovenous malformation that abutted the corticospinal tract. The choice of embolysate was an additional nuance of the embolization.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/HWZ0RjgPEXg.
Microsurgical treatment for arteriovenous malformation of the corpus callosum and choroidal fissure
Authors: da Costa Marcos Devanir Silva , Santos Bruno Fernandes de O. , Bouchabki de Almeida Guardini Felipe , Chaddad-Neto Feres
Published: July 2017

The management of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the corpus callosum and choroidal fissure is challenging because they commonly receive arterial feeders from the anterior and posterior circulation, and drain to deep veins. In this video the authors present the case of a 20-year-old man who presented with acute onset of headache, loss of consciousness, and nuchal rigidity. Computed tomography, MRI, and cerebral angiography performed in tandem revealed a ruptured, large, Grade IV AVM of the corpus callosum and choroidal fissure with two groups of arterial feeders: one from the pericallosal artery and the other from the medial and lateral posterior choroidal arteries. The treatment strategy included two stages. The first stage involved preoperative embolization of the arterial feeders from the posterior circulation, which promoted reduction of the nidus flow of the AVM. The second involved a microsurgical resection, using the interhemispheric approach, with the patient in the prone position, which allowed accessing the anterior circulation feeders and the complete resection of the AVM, without associated morbidity.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/5wcYKhcJtls.
Small- and medium-sized enterprises’ knowledge management systems as edifiers of new value innovations
Authors: Okanga Boniface
Published: July 2017

Background: New value innovations are organically ingrained and complementary to the process of knowledge management. However, epistemological trends highlight only limited studies to have explored how the effectiveness of knowledge management leverages new value innovations.Objectives: This research evaluates how the effectiveness of the small- and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) knowledge management systems enhance new value innovations so as to identify the major paradoxes and a business model that coherently integrates knowledge management with new value innovations.Method: Using a qualitative research method, semi-structured interviews were used to explore the opinions of 20 purposively sampled managers from 20 SMEs on how knowledge management edifies new value innovations.Results: A strong culture of information utilisation was found to enhance relevant analysis and identification of new gaps in the markets that must be filled through new value innovations or modifications of the existing products. However, poor culture of knowledge utilisation, cost of knowledge management and the often poorly functional business information systems were still reiterated as major paradoxes hampering effective knowledge management as one of the determinants of new value innovations.Conclusion: The study concluded with a model highlighting a continuum of knowledge management–new value innovation pillars like a strong culture of information utilisation, and encouragement of creativity that the executives must consider to create an effective knowledge management foundation that subsequently leverages the overall effectiveness of new value innovations.
Exploring the epistemology of transdisciplinarity in public policy and administration in South Africa
Authors: Ndaguba Emeka A. , Ijeoma Edwin O.C.
Published: July 2017

This article seeks to address and direct future research collaboration in public policy and administration from a transdisciplinary perspective in South Africa, by answering three major questions: Firstly, how can public administration be understood from a transdisciplinary perspective? To demonstrate the development of public administration vis-a-vis trends in contemporary public policy and administration in South Africa? And establish the scope for future collaborative research in public policy and administration from a transdisciplinarity perspective in South Africa? This article uses themes in the qualitative realm to provide answers to the research aims: two special editions of Future, Transdisciplinary Manifesto and over 100 journal articles were read and scanned to provide evidence for the arguments in this article. It concludes that the need for transdisciplinarity in public policy and administration cannot be undermined or overlooked as a result of depleting strategies, theories, models and frameworks in resolving complex society quagmires from a disciplinary or interdisciplinary nomenclature.
A Rare Case of Community Acquired Serratia Lung Abscess in a Patient with Cardiac Bronchus
Authors: Altous Mai , Innabi Ayoub , Alzghoul Bashar , Chatterjee Kshitij , Meena Nikhil , Hawari Feras
Published: July 2017

The incidence of lung abscess caused by Serratia marcescens is extremely low and is only reported in the immunocompromised population. We present a previously healthy woman with Serratia lung abscess in close proximity with an accessory cardiac bronchus. The patient was treated with appropriate antibiotics which led to complete resolution of the lesion. Our case highlights that individuals without medical co-morbidities may develop atypical lung infections like Serratia when associated with anatomic anomalies.
Tracheal Bronchus Presenting with Recurrent Haemoptysis in an Adult Female
Authors: Panigrahi Manoj , Pradhan Gourahari , Mohapatra Prasanta
Published: July 2017

Abnormal bronchus arising directly from the trachea or the main bronchus is a rare developmental anomaly of the tracheobronchial tree. In general, tracheal bronchus has been reported in less than 1% of adult patients undergoing bronchoscopy with a male predominance. Tracheal bronchus is classified as—‘displaced’ and ‘supernumerary’, the former being the most common type reported. Most patients are asymptomatic; however, cases presenting with cough, haemoptysis or recurrent lung infections are not uncommon. The diagnosis is usually made through computed tomography or bronchoscopy. Awareness of this anomaly may help in timely identification or prevention of perioperative complications during general anaesthesia or resectional thoracic surgery. Herein we report a case of right-sided displaced tracheal bronchus in an adult female presenting with recurrent haemoptysis.
Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica—A 61-Year-Old Female with Middle Lobe Syndrome
Authors: Woźniak Mariusz , Buchwald Joachim , Stockdale Izabela , Doniec Zbigniew
Published: July 2017

The authors present a case of a 61-year-old female patient suffering from tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TBO). Etiology of this unit is uncertain. TBO is characterised by presence of multiple nodules of various size, situated in the submucosa of the trachea and major bronchi. The course is usually benign, until lesion obstructs the bronchial lumen. In the presented case, occluded middle lobe bronchi resulted in peripheral atelectasis of the lung.
Determination of Nitrite in Milk- and Soy-Based Nutritional Ingredients by Derivatization with 2,3-Diaminonaphthalene and Fluorescence Spectrometry
Authors: Ehling Stefan , Reddy Todime M
Published: July 2017

Nitrite (NO2–) is an inorganic anion that can be found in various powdered milk- and soy-based nutritional ingredients as an incidental contaminant. Reliable determination of NO2– in nutritional ingredients is of paramount importance to ensure the safety of finished products. The derivatization reaction of NO2– with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene with the formation of fluorescent 2,3-naphtotriazole has been adapted to milk- and soy-based nutritional ingredients. The sample preparation consisted of protein precipitation with Carrez solution, simple pass-through cleanup of extracts utilizing a carbon black-based cartridge and derivatization, followed by batch fluorometry. The method was validated in six representative ingredient matrixes—i.e., whole-milk powder, nonfat dry milk, milk protein concentrate, whey protein concentrate, sodium caseinate, and soy protein isolate. Recovery values were 82–109%, whereas within-day and intermediate precision were 0.6–5.2 and 3.6–11% (RSDs), respectively. The method LOQ was 0.1 or 0.2 µg/g sodium nitrite (NaNO2), depending on the ingredient matrix. Surveyed NO2– concentration levels in 25 lots of 10 types of nutritional ingredients ranged from between less than 0.1 to 29 µg/g NaNO2. This method is proposed as a more sensitive and rugged alternative to the widely used ion chromatographic and colorimetric approaches.
The North America mid‐Cretaceous kimberlite corridor: Wet, edge‐driven decompression melting of an OIB‐type deep mantle source
Authors: Kjarsgaard B. A. , Heaman L. M. , Sarkar C. , Pearson D. G.
Published: July 2017

Thirty new high‐precision U‐Pb perovskite and zircon ages from kimberlites in central North America delineate a corridor of mid‐Cretaceous (115–92 Ma) magmatism that extends ∼4000 km from Somerset Island in Arctic Canada through central Saskatchewan to Kansas, USA. The least contaminated whole rock Sr, Nd, and Hf isotopic data, coupled with Sr isotopic data from groundmass perovskite indicates an exceptionally limited range in Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopic compositions, clustering at the low ɛNd end of the OIB array. These isotopic compositions are distinct from other studied North American kimberlites and point to a sublithospheric source region. This mid‐Cretaceous kimberlite magmatism cannot be related to mantle plumes associated with the African or Pacific large low‐shear wave velocity province (LLSVP). All three kimberlite fields are adjacent to strongly attenuated lithosphere at the edge of the North American craton. This facilitated edge‐driven convection, a top‐down driven processes that caused decompression melting of the transition zone or overlying asthenosphere. The inversion of ringwoodite and/or wadsleyite and release of H2O, with subsequent metasomatism and synchronous wet partial melting generates a hot CO2 and H2O‐rich protokimberlite melt. Emplacement in the crust is controlled by local lithospheric factors; all three kimberlite fields have mid‐Cretaceous age, reactivated major deep‐seated structures that facilitated kimberlite melt transit through the lithosphere.
Adsorptive removal of refractory sulfur compounds by tantalum oxide modified activated carbons
Authors: Iravani Amir A , Gunda Kamalakar , Ng Flora T.T.
Published: July 2017

Adsorptive desulfurization of a model diesel fuel consisting of dibenzothiophene (DBT) or 4,6‐dimethyldibenzothiophene(4,6‐DMDBT) in hexadecane was performed over activated carbons and tantalum oxide modified (Ta‐x/ACC, x= 2, 5 or 10 wt % Ta, Activated Carbon Centaur) activated carbons at 50°C. The adsorption isotherm for ACC followed the Langmuir model while the adsorption on Ta‐5/ACC fitted the Sips equation indicating more than one type of adsorption sites. Characterization studies indicated new types of adsorption site resulting from the incorporation of Ta oxide into the porous structure of the ACC. XPS data suggested interaction of Ta with the S atom in DBT. The heats of adsorption in the liquid phase determined from micro flow calorimetry for DBT in C16 confirmed the interaction of Ta with DBT. Ta‐5/ACC exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for 4,6‐DMDBT compared to literature reports. Competitive adsorption experiments showed the adsorption capacity as follows: quinoline> DBT≫ naphthalene. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2017
Dual Catalytic Activity of a Cytochrome P450 Controls Bifurcation at a Metabolic Branch Point of Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Rauwolfia serpentina
Authors: Dang Thu‐Thuy T. , Franke Jakob , Tatsis Evangelos , O'Connor Sarah E.
Published: June 2017

Plants create tremendous chemical diversity from a single biosynthetic intermediate. In plant‐derived ajmalan alkaloid pathways, the biosynthetic intermediate vomilenine can be transformed into the anti‐arrhythmic compound ajmaline, or alternatively, can isomerize to form perakine, an alkaloid with a structurally distinct scaffold. Here we report the discovery and characterization of vinorine hydroxylase, a cytochrome P450 enzyme that hydroxylates vinorine to form vomilenine, which was found to exist as a mixture of rapidly interconverting epimers. Surprisingly, this cytochrome P450 also catalyzes the non‐oxidative isomerization of the ajmaline precursor vomilenine to perakine. This unusual dual catalytic activity of vinorine hydroxylase thereby provides a control mechanism for the bifurcation of these alkaloid pathway branches. This discovery highlights the unusual catalytic functionality that has evolved in plant pathways.
Silver‐Catalyzed Oxidative C(sp3)−P Bond Formation through C−C and P−H Bond Cleavage
Authors: Li Lili , Huang Wenbin , Chen Lijin , Dong Jiaxing , Ma Xuebing , Peng Yungui
Published: June 2017

The silver‐catalyzed oxidative C(sp3)−H/P−H cross‐coupling of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with H‐phosphonates, followed by a chemo‐ and regioselective C(sp3)−C(CO) bond‐cleavage step, provided heavily functionalized β‐ketophosphonates. This novel method based on a readily available reaction system exhibits wide scope, high functional‐group tolerance, and exclusive selectivity.
On the Presence of the Patella in Frogs
Authors: Abdala Virginia , Vera Miriam C. , Ponssa María Laura
Published: July 2017

The patella is one of the most studied sesamoids. Historically, the patella is described as a big sesamoid embedded in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. This sesamoid is studied from developmental, functional, clinical, and anatomical perspectives. The presence of a patella is reported in squamatans, birds, and mammals. Lissamphibians are identified as the major lineage that fail to develop a patella. However, this sesamoid is reported at least once in anurans, but without detailed anatomical discussions. Through anatomical and histological studies we examined the topography and tissue composition of two structures that we identify as the proximal and distal patellae in several anuran species. We explored the evolution of these sesamoids through ancestral state reconstruction, finding that they are ancestral for amphibians and possibly tetrapods as a whole. The presence of these patellae in anurans would roll back their origin to the last common ancestor of tetrapods. From a functional perspective, the overwhelming evidence of fibrocartilage as a clear response to compression suggests that the fibrocartilaginous patellae could also withstand the mechanical stress generated on the knee undergoing compression during limb extension. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1747–1755, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Growth and Development at the Sphenoethmoidal Junction in Perinatal Primates
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , McMahon Matthew J. , Millen Michelle E. , Llera Catherine , Engel Serena M. , Li Ly , Bhatnagar Kunwar P. , Burrows Anne M. , Zumpano Michael P. , DeLeon Valerie B.
Published: July 2017

Integration of the sphenoid and ethmoid bones during early postnatal development is poorly described in the literature. A uniquely prolonged patency of sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis or prespheno‐septal synchondrosis (PSept) has been attributed to humans. However, the sphenoethmoidal junction has not been studied using a comparative primate sample. Here, we examined development of the sphenoethmoidal interface using ontogenetic samples of Old and New World monkeys, strepsirrhine primates (lemurs and lorises), and a comparative sample of other mammals. Specimens ranging from late fetal to 1 month postnatal age were studied using histology, immunohistochemistry, and micro‐computed tomography methods. Our results demonstrate that humans are not unique in anterior cranial base growth at PSept, as it is patent in all newborn primates. We found two distinctions within our sample. First, nearly all primates exhibit an earlier breakdown of the nasal capsule cartilage that abuts the orbitosphenoid when compared to nonprimates. This may facilitate earlier postnatal integration of the basicranium and midface and may enhance morphological plasticity in the region. Second, the PSept exhibits a basic dichotomy between strepsirrhines and monkeys. In strepsirrhines, the PSept has proliferating chondrocytes that are primarily oriented in a longitudinal plane, as in other mammals. In contrast, monkeys have a convex anterior end of the presphenoid with a radial boundary of cartilaginous growth at PSept. Our findings suggest that the PSept acts as a “pacemaker” of longitudinal facial growth in mammals with relatively long snouts, but may also contribute to facial height and produce a relatively taller midface in anthropoid primates. Anat Rec, 300:2115–2137, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developing global regression models for metabolite concentration prediction regardless of cell line
Authors: André Silvère , Lagresle Sylvain , Da Sliva Anthony , Heimendinger Pierre , Hannas Zahia , Calvosa Éric , Duponchel Ludovic
Published: July 2017

Following the Process Analytical Technology (PAT) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), drug manufacturers are encouraged to develop innovative techniques in order to monitor and understand their processes in a better way. Within this framework, it has been demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy coupled with chemometric tools allow to predict critical parameters of mammalian cell cultures in‐line and in real time. However, the development of robust and predictive regression models clearly requires many batches in order to take into account inter‐batch variability and enhance models accuracy. Nevertheless, this heavy procedure has to be repeated for every new line of cell culture involving many resources. This is why we propose in this paper to develop global regression models taking into account different cell lines. Such models are finally transferred to any culture of the cells involved. This article first demonstrates the feasibility of developing regression models, not only for mammalian cell lines (CHO and HeLa cell cultures), but also for insect cell lines (Sf9 cell cultures). Then global regression models are generated, based on CHO cells, HeLa cells, and Sf9 cells. Finally, these models are evaluated considering a fourth cell line(HEK cells). In addition to suitable predictions of glucose and lactate concentration of HEK cell cultures, we expose that by adding a single HEK‐cell culture to the calibration set, the predictive ability of the regression models are substantially increased. In this way, we demonstrate that using global models, it is not necessary to consider many cultures of a new cell line in order to obtain accurate models. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2550–2559. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential expression profile of long non‐coding RNA in cardiomyocytes autophagy induced by angiotensin II
Authors: Gu Ying , Yang Fan , Xu Ru‐ming , Zhang Yun‐yan , Li Yang , Liu Su‐xuan , Zhang Guan‐xin , Wang Guo‐kun , Ma Li‐ping
Published: June 2017

Autophagy is a ubiquitous intracellular process for cellular homeostasis maintenance by recycling damaged protein and organelles. Dysregulation of cardiomyocytes autophagic activity is implicated in various heart diseases. Recent studies had demonstrated that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) played crucial roles on modulation of autophagic activity. In this study, we first established an angiotensin II‐induced autophagy model on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Western blot assay confirmed that the expression of Beclin 1 and the conversion of soluble LC3‐I to lipid bound LC3‐II were significantly increased at 12 h after angiotensin II stimulation, but the cardiomyocytes surface area and hypertrophic markers expression had no significant change. Then microarray analysis and real‐time PCR were applied to detect differentially expressed lncRNAs during cardiomyocytes autophagy. A total of 1,249 lncRNAs were determined as differentially expressed, including 700 upregulated lncRNAs and 549 downregulated lncRNAs. LncRNAs subgroup analysis showed there were 43 transcribed ultra‐conserved noncoding RNAs (T‐UCRs) differentially expressed in cardiomyocytes autophagy, of which 26 T‐UCRs were upregulated and 17 T‐UCRs were downregulated. Bioinformatics analysis further showed that 94 differentially expressed lncRNAs contained potential binding sites of miR‐22, a pro‐hypertrophic and pro‐autophagic microRNA. Therefore, these differentially expressed lncRNAs might play critical roles in cardiomyocytes autophagy. This finding would provide an experimental basis for future investigation on ischemic heart disease.
Race‐specific molecular alterations correlate with differential outcomes for black and white endometrioid endometrial cancer patients
Authors: Bateman Nicholas W. , Dubil Elizabeth A. , Wang Guisong , Hood Brian L. , Oliver Julie M. , Litzi Tracy A. , Gist Glenn D. , Mitchell David A. , Blanton Brian , Phippen Neil T. , Tian Chunqiao , Zahn Christopher M. , Cohn David E. , Havrilesky Laura J. , Berchuck Andrew , Shriver Craig D. , Darcy Kathleen M. , Hamilton Chad A. , Conrads Thomas P. , Maxwell G. Larry
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study was to identify molecular alterations associated with disease outcomes for white and black patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC).

METHODS

EEC samples from black (n = 17) and white patients (n = 13) were analyzed by proteomics (liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry) and transcriptomics (RNA‐seq). Coordinate alterations were validated with RNA‐seq data from black (n = 49) and white patients (n = 216). Concordantly altered candidates were further tested for associations with race‐specific progression‐free survival (PFS) in black (n = 64) or white patients (n = 267) via univariate and multivariate Cox regression modeling and log‐rank testing.

RESULTS

Discovery analyses revealed significantly altered candidate proteins and transcripts between black and white patients, suggesting modulation of tumor cell viability in black patients and cell death signaling in black and white patients. Eighty‐nine candidates were validated as altered between these patient cohorts, and a subset significantly correlated with differential PFS. White‐specific PFS candidates included serpin family A member 4 (SERPINA4; hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; Wald P value = .02), integrin subunit α3 (ITGA3; HR, 0.76; P = .03), and Bet1 Golgi vesicular membrane trafficking protein like (BET1L; HR, 0.48; P = .04). Black‐specific PFS candidates included family with sequence similarity 228 member B (FAM228B; HR, 0.13; P = .001) and HEAT repeat containing 6 (HEATR6; HR, 4.94; P = .047). Several candidates were also associated with overall survival (SERPINA4 and ITGA3) as well as PFS independent of disease stage, grade and myometrial invasion (SERPINA4, BET1L and FAM228B).

CONCLUSIONS

This study has identified and validated molecular alterations in tumors from black and white EEC patients, including candidates significantly associated with altered disease outcomes within these patient cohorts. Cancer 2017;123:4004‐12. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Race and risk of metastases and survival after radical prostatectomy: Results from the SEARCH database
Authors: Freedland Stephen J. , Vidal Adriana C. , Howard Lauren E. , Terris Martha K. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Amling Christopher L. , Kane Christopher J. , Aronson William J. ,   for the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) Database Study Group
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

Black race is associated with prostate cancer (PC) diagnosis and poor outcome. Previously, the authors reported that black men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) in equal‐access hospitals had an increased risk of biochemical disease recurrence (BCR), but recurrences were equally aggressive as those occurring in white men. The authors examined the association between race and long‐term outcomes after RP.

METHODS

Data regarding 1665 black men (37%) and 2791 white men (63%) undergoing RP were analyzed. Using Cox models, the authors tested the association between race and BCR, BCR with a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) doubling time <9 months (aggressive disease recurrence), metastases, PC‐specific death, and overall death.

RESULTS

At a median follow‐up of 102 months, 1566 men (35%) developed BCR, 217 men (5%) experienced aggressive disease recurrence, 193 men (4%) developed metastases, and 1207 men (27%) had died, 107 of whom (2%) died of PC. White men were older and had a lower preoperative PSA level, a lower biopsy and pathological grade group, and more capsular penetration but less seminal vesicle invasion and positive surgical margins versus black men (all P<.05). Black men were found to have a more recent surgery year (P<.001). On univariable analysis, black race was associated with increased BCR (P = .003) and reduced overall death (P = .017). On multivariable analysis, black race was not found to be associated with BCR (hazard ratio [HR], 1.07; P = .26), aggressive recurrence (HR, 1.14; P = .42), metastasis (HR, 1.24; P = .21), PC‐specific death (HR, 1.03; P = .91), or overall death (HR, 1.03; P = .67).

CONCLUSIONS

Among men undergoing RP at equal‐access centers, although black men were found to have an increased risk of BCR, they had similar risks of aggressive disease recurrence, metastasis, and PC‐specific death compared with white men, and the risk of BCR was found to be similar after controlling for risk parameters. Longer follow‐up is needed to confirm these findings. Cancer 2017;123:4199–4206. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Young adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia show evidence of chronic inflammation and cellular aging
Authors: Ariffin Hany , Azanan Mohamad Shafiq , Abd Ghafar Sayyidatul Syahirah , Oh Lixian , Lau Kee Hie , Thirunavakarasu Tharshanadhevasheri , Sedan Atiqah , Ibrahim Kamariah , Chan Adelyne , Chin Tong Foh , Liew Fong Fong , Jeyamogan Shareni , Rosli Erda Syerena , Baharudin Rashidah , Yap Tsiao Yi , Skinner Roderick , Lum Su Han , Hainaut Pierre
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

Large epidemiologic studies have reported the premature onset of age‐related conditions, such as ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus, in childhood cancer survivors, decades earlier than in their peers. The authors investigated whether young adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a biologic phenotype of cellular ageing and chronic inflammation.

METHODS

Plasma inflammatory cytokines were measured using a cytometric bead array in 87 asymptomatic young adult survivors of childhood ALL (median age, 25 years; age range, 18‐35 years) who attended annual follow‐up clinic and compared with healthy, age‐matched and sex‐matched controls. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was measured using Southern blot analysis.

RESULTS

Survivors had significant elevation of plasma interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), IL‐10, IL‐17a, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels (all P < .05). A raised high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein level (>0.8 mg/dL) was related to increased odds of having metabolic syndrome (odds ratio, 7.256; 95% confidence interval, 1.501‐35.074). Survivors also had significantly shorter LTL compared with controls (median, 9866 vs 10,392 base pairs; P = .021). Compared with published data, LTL in survivors was similar to that in healthy individuals aged 20 years older. Survivors who received cranial irradiation had shorter LTL compared with those who had not (P = .013).

CONCLUSIONS

Asymptomatic young adult survivors of childhood ALL demonstrate a biologic profile of chronic inflammation and telomere attrition, consistent with an early onset of cellular processes that drive accelerated aging. These processes may explain the premature development of age‐related chronic conditions in childhood cancer survivors. Understanding their molecular basis may facilitate targeted interventions to disrupt the accelerated aging process and its long‐term impact on overall health. Cancer 2017;123:4207–4214. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Survivorship and the chronic cancer patient: Patterns in treatment‐related effects, follow‐up care, and use of survivorship care plans
Authors: Frick Melissa A. , Vachani Carolyn C. , Bach Christina , Hampshire Margaret K. , Arnold‐Korzeniowski Karen , Metz James M. , Hill‐Kayser Christine E.
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

The survivorship needs of patients living with chronic cancer (CC) and their use of survivorship care plans (SCPs) have been overlooked and underappreciated.

METHODS

A convenience sample of 39,088 SCPs completed for cancer survivors with an Internet‐based SCP tool was examined; it included 5847 CC survivors (15%; CC was defined as chronic leukemia and/or recurrent/metastatic cancer of another nature). Patient‐reported treatment effects and follow‐up care patterns were compared between CC survivors and survivors treated with curative intent (CI). Responses from a follow‐up survey regarding SCP satisfaction and use were reviewed.

RESULTS

CC survivors had greater odds of experiencing multiple treatment‐related effects than survivors treated with CI; these effects included fatigue, cognitive changes, dyspnea, peripheral neuropathy, lymphedema, and erectile dysfunction. Nearly half of CC survivors were managed by an oncologist alone, and they were less likely than CI patients to be comanaged by a primary care provider and an oncologist. Fewer SCPs were generated by health care providers (HCPs) for CC survivors versus CI survivors. A smaller proportion of CC users versus CI users rated their experience and satisfaction with the SCP tool as very good or excellent, and CC users were less likely to share the HCP summary with their health care team.

CONCLUSIONS

A substantial number of CC survivors, often considered incurable but treatable, seek survivorship support. Tools to facilitate participation, communication, and coordination of care are valuable for these patients, and future iterations of SCPs should be designed to address the particular circumstances of living with CC. Cancer 2017;123:4268–4276. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
The evolution and functions of nuclei of the visual pulvinar in primates
Authors: Baldwin Mary K.L. , Balaram Pooja , Kaas Jon H.
Published: June 2017

In this review, we outline the history of our current understanding of the organization of the pulvinar complex of mammals. We include more recent evidence from our own studies of both New and Old World monkeys, prosimian galagos, and close relatives of primates, including tree shrews and rodents. Based on cumulative evidence, we provide insights into the possible evolution of the visual pulvinar complex, as well as the possible co‐evolution of the inferior pulvinar nuclei and temporal cortical visual areas within the MT complex.
In‐session behaviours and adolescents' self‐concept and loneliness: A psychodrama process–outcome study
Authors: Orkibi Hod , Azoulay Bracha , Snir Sharon , Regev Dafna
Published: June 2017

As adolescents spend many hours a day in school, it is crucial to examine the ways in which therapeutic practices in schools promote their well‐being. This longitudinal pilot study examined the contribution of school‐based psychodrama group therapy to the self‐concept dimensions and perceived loneliness of 40 Israeli adolescents (aged 13–16, 60% boys) in public middle schools. From a process–outcome perspective, we also examined the understudied trajectory of adolescents' in‐session behaviours (process variables) and its associations with changes in their self‐concepts and loneliness (outcome variables). Psychodrama participants reported increases in global, social, and behavioural self‐concepts and a decrease in loneliness compared to the control group. In‐session productive behaviours increased and resistance decreased throughout the therapy, but varied process–outcome relationships were found. The study suggests that conducting further research into the process–outcome relationships in psychodrama group therapy is warranted to pinpoint specific mechanisms of change. Suggestions for future studies are provided.
Modeling the impacts of two age‐related portfolio effects on recruitment variability with and without a marine reserve
Authors: McGilliard Carey R. , Punt André E. , Hilborn Ray , Essington Tim
Published: July 2017

Many rockfish species are long‐lived and thought to be susceptible to being overfished. Hypotheses about the importance of older female rockfish to population persistence have led to arguments that marine reserves are needed to ensure the sustainability of rockfish populations. However, the implications of these hypotheses for rockfish population dynamics are still unclear. We modeled two mechanisms by which reducing the proportion of older fish in a population has been hypothesized to influence sustainability, and explored whether these mechanisms influenced mean population dynamics and recruitment variability. We explored whether populations with these mechanisms could be managed more sustainably with a marine reserve in addition to a constant fishing mortality rate (F) than with a constant F alone. Both hypotheses can be seen as portfolio effects whereby risk of recruitment failure is spread over a “portfolio” of maternal ages. First, we modeled a spawning window effect whereby mothers of different ages spawned in different times or locations (windows) with local environmental conditions. Second, we modeled an offspring size effect whereby older mothers produced larger offspring than younger mothers, where length of a starvation period over which offspring could survive increased with maternal age. Recruitment variability resulting from both models was 55–65% lower than for models without maternal age‐related portfolio effects in the absence of fishing and increased with increases in Fs for both models. An offspring size effect caused lower output reproductive rates such that the specified reproductive rate input as a model parameter was no longer the realized rate measured as the reproductive rate observed in model results; this quirk is not addressed in previous analyses of offspring size effects. We conducted a standardization such that offspring size effect and control models had the same observed reproductive rates. A comparison of long‐term catch, the probability of falling below a biomass threshold, and recruitment variability over a range of exploitation rates for models with an age‐related portfolio effect showed no benefit of a marine reserve implemented in addition to a constant F (as compared to a constant F alone) for populations with sedentary adults and sedentary or mobile larvae.
Persistent accumulation of gut macrophages with impaired phagocytic function correlates with SIV disease progression in macaques
Authors: Swan Zachary D. , Bouwer Anthea L. , Wonderlich Elizabeth R. , Barratt‐Boyes Simon M.
Published: July 2017

The contribution of macrophages in the gastrointestinal tract to disease control or progression in HIV infection remains unclear. To address this question, we analyzed CD163+ macrophages in ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes (LN) from SIV‐infected rhesus macaques with dichotomous expression of controlling MHC class I alleles predicted to be SIV controllers or progressors. Infection induced accumulation of macrophages into gut mucosa in the acute phase that persisted in progressors but was resolved in controllers. In contrast, macrophage recruitment to mesenteric LNs occurred only transiently in acute infection irrespective of disease outcome. Persistent gut macrophage accumulation was associated with CD163 expression on α4β7+CD16+ blood monocytes and correlated with epithelial damage. Macrophages isolated from intestine of progressors had reduced phagocytic function relative to controllers and uninfected macaques, and the proportion of phagocytic macrophages negatively correlated with mucosal epithelial breach, lamina propria Escherichia coli density, and plasma virus burden. Macrophages in intestine produced low levels of cytokines regardless of disease course, while mesenteric LN macrophages from progressors became increasingly responsive as infection advanced. These data indicate that noninflammatory CD163+ macrophages accumulate in gut mucosa in progressive SIV infection in response to intestinal damage but fail to adequately phagocytose debris, potentially perpetuating their recruitment.
Dual‐labelled antibodies for flow and mass cytometry: A new tool for cross‐platform comparison and enrichment of target cells for mass cytometry
Authors: Baumgart Sabine , Schulz Axel R , Peddinghaus Anette , Stanislawiak Silke , Gillert Sarah , Hirseland Heike , Krauthäuser Susanne , Dose Christian , Mei Henrik E , Grützkau Andreas
Published: June 2017

Antibody conjugates applicable in both conventional flow and mass cytometry would offer interesting options for cross‐platform comparison, as well as the enrichment of rare target cells by conventional flow cytometry (FC) sorting prior to deep phenotyping by mass cytometry (MC). Here, we introduce a simple method to generate dual fluorochrome/metal‐labelled antibodies by consecutive orthogonal labelling. First, we compared different fluorochrome‐conjugated antibodies specific for CD4, such as FITC, Vio667, VioGreen or VioBlue for their compatibility with the conventional secondary MAXPAR® labelling protocol. After labelling with 141Pr, the fluorescence emission spectra of all fluorochromes investigated retained their characteristics, and CD4 dual conjugates (DCs) provided consistent results in immune phenotyping assays performed by FC and MC. The phenotypical composition of CD4+ T‐cells was maintained after enrichment by FC sorting using different CD4 DCs. Finally, magnetic cell depletion was combined with FC sorting using CD19‐VioBlue‐142Nd, CD20‐VioGreen‐147Sm, CD27‐Cy5‐167Er and CD38‐Alexa488‐143Nd DC to enrich rare human plasmablasts to purities >80%, which allowed a subsequent deep phenotyping by MC. In conclusion, DCs have been successfully established for direct assay comparison between FC and MC, and help to minimise MC data acquisition time for deep phenotyping of rare cell subsets.
Atom‐Economic Catalytic Direct Substitution of N,O‐Acetals with Simple Ketones
Authors: Touati Bahria , El Bouakher Abderrahman , Azizi Mohamed Salah , Taillier Catherine , Ben Othman Raja , Trabelsi‐Ayadi Malika , Antoniotti Sylvain , Duñach Elisabet , Dalla Vincent
Published: June 2017

A general and powerful catalytic protocol for the direct amidoalkylation of simple enolizable ketones is described, with use of the Lewis superacid Sn(NTf2)4 as a catalyst under thermal conditions. A complete and rational study directed towards the development of efficient conditions for the coupling of a wide range of reaction partner combinations, including the most recalcitrant ones, is presented. The synthetic potential of the reaction is demonstrated through the use of a large set of both carbonyl and N,O‐acetalic substrates, providing the corresponding amidoalkylated ketones in 49–99 % yield, by using very low catalyst loadings (≤ 1 mol‐%).
Reaction Model for the Formation of Benzene from Benzoates and Grignard Reagents
Authors: Błaziak Kacper , Miller Glenn B. S. , Ryding Mauritz Johan , Uggerud Einar
Published: July 2017

Benzene formation from magnesium benzoate complexes in two steps (decarboxylation followed by hydrolysis) has been studied. Detailed reaction mechanisms are proposed based on evidence from tandem‐mass‐spectrometry experiments and bimolecular gas‐phase reactions, supported by extensive quantum‐chemical calculations. Formation of intermediate Grignard compounds by decarboxylation is seen to be the rate‐determining step of the overall process, but is essentially the same irrespective of the charge state (+1, 0, –1). The following reaction with H2O proceeds with a negative activation energy. The requirements for hydrolysis of metal benzoates to give benzene in aquaeous solutions are briefly discussed.
Direct Aerobic Oxidative Reactions of 2‐Hydroxyacetophenones
Authors: Sahoo Subas Chandra , Nath Utpal , Pan Subhas Chandra
Published: June 2017

Valuable and direct aerobic oxidation reactions of 2‐hydroxyacetophenones were explored. The concept was based on the in situ treatment of small quantities of aerobically formed α‐keto aldehydes that drove the reactions to the corresponding products. This new strategy was applied for a variety of oxidative reactions of 2‐hydroxyacetophenones, and valuable products such as phthalides, quinoxalines, and α‐keto amides were obtained in good to high yields.