bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
About Whom Are We Talking When We Use Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities?
Authors: Tassé Marc J. , Havercamp Susan M. , Krahn Gloria , Shogren Karrie A. , Bonardi Alexandra , Kim Minje , Chapman Richard ,   NIDILRR RRTC Health and Function in IDD Learning Collaborative, Andridge Rebecca , Arnold L. Eugene , Barnhill Jarrett , Bodle Shawn , Boerner Ethan , Bourne Mary Lou , Boyd Brian , Brown Christine , Buck Andrew S. , Burkett Sarah , Burness Mackenzie , Cobranchi Chelsea , Cole Christopher , Davies Daniel K. , Dresbach Travis , Eghan Carnicia , Fay Mary Lee , Fletcher Robert , Garcia Ruben , Gertz Braden , Harris Erin , Hollway Jill , Izzo Margo , Jahoda Andrew , Lawrence-Slater Rosie , Lecavalier Luc , Lincoln Andrew , Michael Ruth Emmanuel , Mulligan Arielle , Murray Alexa J. , Nonnemacher Stacy L. , Ofonedu Mirian E. , Onaiwu Morénike Giwa , Ortiz Eduardo A. , Page Kristin , Perry Samantha , Poling Ashley , Quade Thomas , Rabidoux Paula , Rice Robert , Richardson Taylor , Robinson Ann , Rosencrans Margaret , Ryan Megan , Sanford Christopher , Schaffer Colin , Seeley John R. , Song Annie , Sowers Mary , Stepp Kristy , Straughter Marci , Sucheston-Campbell Lara , Taylor Christopher , Walton Katherine , Weaver Kelsi , Wehmeyer Michael , Williams Craig , Willis Derrick K. , Wilson Philip , Witwer Andrea
Published: November 2024

Importance

Communicating clearly about who is included in a population group is a critical element to effective dissemination and knowledge transfer. This narrative review highlights the inconsistency as it relates to communicating about individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and developmental disability (DD).

Observations

There is enormous variability in the use of definitions and abbreviations in the field of intellectual disability and developmental disabilities. The lack of consistency has resulted in widely varying reported rates of prevalence and has contributed to confusion around the interpretation of research and clinical findings, population statistics, and policy decisions. The reported rates of prevalence for developmental disabilities published by different US federal agencies have ranged widely from 3% to 17%. This represents a 5-fold difference. Equally confusing is the inconsistent and ambiguous adoption of initialisms. These initialisms include ID/DD, IDD, and I/DD for which it is not always clear if these initialisms reference separate and independent populations (eg, ID or DD) or populations with co-occurring conditions (eg, persons with ID and DD). This Narrative Review discusses these issues and proposed a number of recommendations that would contribute to enhanced consistency and clarity of understanding for stakeholders, administrators, practitioners, researchers, and policy makers.

Conclusion

Authors of scholarly works, clinical publications, policies, and position papers are encouraged to provide a clear operational definition as well as the choice of initialisms used (eg, ID/DD, IDD, I/DD, etc) when it is first used.
The Philadelphia Beverage Tax and Pediatric Weight Outcomes
Authors: Gregory Emily F. , Roberto Christina A. , Mitra Nandita , Edmondson Emma K. , Petimar Joshua , Block Jason P. , Hettinger Gary , Gibson Laura A.
Published: November 2024

Importance

Taxation of sweetened beverages is a proposed strategy to reduce excess sugar consumption. The association of such taxes with health outcomes is not well studied. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is the largest US city with a beverage tax.

Objective

To assess whether the 2017 Philadelphia beverage tax was associated with changes in pediatric weight outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This study used difference-in-differences models weighted by inverse probability of treatment weights to adjust for differences between youth in Philadelphia (tax exposed) and in the surrounding counties (control) on age, sex, race, ethnicity, Medicaid insurance status, health care use, and census-tract socioeconomic index. Mixed-effects linear and logistic regression models estimated differences in posttax changes in standardized body mass index (zBMI) and prevalence of obesity (a BMI 95th percentile or higher for age and sex) between Philadelphia and control. Stratified analyses assessed differences by age, sex, race, Medicaid insurance status, and baseline weight. Data came from electronic health records of a primary care network operating in the Philadelphia region. A panel analysis included youth 2 to 18 years old with 1 or more BMI measurement pretax (2014 to 2016) and 1 or more BMI measurement posttax (2018 to 2019). A cross-sectional analysis included youth 2 to 18 years old with 1 or more BMI measurement at any time from 2014 to 2019. These data were analyzed from December 2020 through July 2024.

Exposure

Living in Philadelphia after implementation of the beverage tax.

Main outcomes and measures

zBMI and obesity prevalence.

Results

In panel analysis of 136 078 youth, the tax was associated with a difference in zBMI change of −0.004 (95% CI, −0.009 to 0.001) between Philadelphia and the control and a 1.02 odds ratio (95% CI, 0.97-1.08) of BMIs in the 95th percentile or higher. In cross-sectional analysis of 258 584 youth, the difference in zBMI change was −0.004 (95% CI, −0.009 to 0.001) and the odds ratio of a BMI in the 95th percentile or higher was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.95-1.07). In subgroup analyses, some differences in zBMI change were evident by race, age, Medicaid insurance status, and baseline weight but these differences were small and inconsistent across samples.

Conclusions and Relevance

These results show that 2 years after implementation, the Philadelphia beverage tax was not associated with changes in youth zBMI or obesity prevalence. Though certain subgroups demonstrated small statistically significant changes in zBMI, they are of low clinical significance.
‘Friend versus foe’—does autophagy help regulate symbiotic plant–microbe interactions and can it be manipulated to improve legume cultivation?
Authors: Thanthrige Nipuni , Bhowmik Sudipta Das , Williams Brett
Published: November 2024

Autophagy is a genetically regulated, eukaryotic catabolic pathway that responds to internal and external cellular signals. In plants, it plays crucial roles in development, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Due to its role in limiting the hypersensitive response, research on the molecular mechanisms of autophagic signalling pathways in plant–microbe interactions has primarily focused on plant–pathogen responses. Although there is substantially less information on the role of autophagy signalling in symbiotic plant–microbe interactions, there is accumulating evidence that it is also a key regulator of mutualistic plant–microbe interactions. Here, we review recent progress on the roles of autophagy in symbiotic plant interactions and discuss potential future research directions. Once understood, the central role that autophagy plays within pathogenic and symbiotic plant–microbe interactions has significant potential application for crop improvement. Manipulating autophagy in legume crops could help support crop growth with reduced levels of fertiliser application while maintaining yields with increased protein content in the harvest.
Clues to transcription/replication collision‐induced DNA damage: it was RNAP, in the chromosome, with the fork
Authors: Cooke Matthew B. , Herman Christophe , Sivaramakrishnan Priya
Published: November 2024

DNA replication and RNA transcription processes compete for the same DNA template and, thus, frequently collide. These transcription–replication collisions are thought to lead to genomic instability, which places a selective pressure on organisms to avoid them. Here, we review the predisposing causes, molecular mechanisms, and downstream consequences of transcription–replication collisions (TRCs) with a strong emphasis on prokaryotic model systems, before contrasting prokaryotic findings with cases in eukaryotic systems. Current research points to genomic structure as the primary determinant of steady‐state TRC levels and RNA polymerase regulation as the primary inducer of excess TRCs. We review the proposed mechanisms of TRC‐induced DNA damage, attempting to clarify their mechanistic requirements. Finally, we discuss what drives genomes to select against TRCs.
Brain MR‐only workflow in clinical practice: A comparison among generators for quality assurance and patient positioning
Authors: Levardon Mathilde , Autret Damien , Le Dorze Thomas , Guillerminet Camille , Dufreneix Stéphane
Published: November 2024

Background and purpose

Routine quality control procedures are still required for sCT based on artificial intelligence (AI) to verify the performance of the generators. The aim of this study was to evaluate three generators based on AI or bulk density (BD) assignment for the patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) of another AI‐based generator in clinical routine. A patient positioning study based on 2D/2D kV‐image comparing the performances of four sCT generators was also performed.

Materials and methods

On the four generators available commercially at our institution, one was chosen as the clinical one, and the three others were used for PSQA. Several dose metrics were calculated like the mean error, dose‐volume histogram metrics, and 1%/1 mm gamma analysis. A comparison against CT was considered as a reference. Translations and rotations found during patient positioning based on sCT were compared to those based on CT.

Results

Some of the metrics calculated against CT revealed patients outside the tolerances chosen (1% for point metrics; 90% for gamma pass rate). None of the generators was able to identify these outliers for all metrics studied. Performing a PSQA with other sCT generators introduced several false positives and false negatives. None of the generators was able to clearly identify, for all metrics studied, a true sCT failure caused by a metal implant. The smallest positioning deviations were found for the BD assignment sCT, the largest for the only AI generator not based on a T1 Dixon MR sequence.

Conclusions

PSQA of a sCT generator with another sCT generator should be performed with great care. Patient positioning is an important aspect to consider when evaluating a sCT generator. The results of this study should help medical physicists willing to set up a MR‐only workflow for the brain based on a 2D/2D kV‐image patient positioning.
Programming Reflected and Transmitted Sound Behaviors Based on Motor‐Driven Digital Metasurface
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Jia Yu Rou , Jiang Wei Xiang , Zhang Xin Ge , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Cui Tie Jun
Published: November 2024

Acoustic metasurfaces have shown indispensable abilities for wave control with subwavelength resolution and enabled exotic sound functions unavailable using naturally occurring materials. To further improve the utilization of sound field resources and enhance the coverage of acoustic signals, full‐space acoustic metasurfaces hold great potential for independent tailoring of reflected and transmitted waves. However, achieving dynamic manipulation of the full sound field in a programmable fashion has remained inaccessible until now. Here, a computer‐controlled motor‐driven acoustic metasurface is proposed and designed to program the reflected and transmitted sound behaviors without crosstalk. The metasurface elements consist of a stationary cuboid and a rotatable lid connecting with an individually programmable micromotor. Eight distinct resonant substructures with specific wave responses are integrated inherently in the cuboid, and the lid can be rotated automatically to select one of them at a time, and therefore, the proposed metasurface enables 2‐bit phase adjustment. For ever‐changing coding instructions, the metasurface can choose to modulate reflected or transmitted waves in real time. To show the capabilities of the presented programmable acoustic metasurface, two typical functions are demonstrated: dynamic acoustic focusing and variable acoustic holograms in both reflection and transmission modes.
Dual‐Layer‐Per‐Array Operation Using Local Polarization Switching of Ferroelectric Tunnel FETs for Massive Neural Networks
Authors: Woo Jae Seung , Jung Chae Lin , Chang Jin Ho , Ryu Minjeong , Choi Woo Young
Published: November 2024

A novel dual‐layer‐per‐array (DLPA) operation is proposed and experimentally demonstrated by using ferroelectric tunnel field‐effect transistors (FeTFETs) as synaptic transistors for high‐density and low‐power neuromorphic computing applications for the first time. Through local polarization switching (LPS), two distinct synaptic weight sets are stored and processed by utilizing the symmetrical and independent forward and ambipolar current regions within a single FeTFET. The stored weights of each region are multiplied by input gate voltages in the two‐layer operation modes of TFETs: forward and ambipolar layer, enabling separate vector‐matrix multiplication (VMM) operations within a single device array and doubling computational density. It is expected that the DLPA operation of FeTFETs will facilitate the implementation of large neural networks by reducing the footprint of conventional neuromorphic hardware by 50%.
Sarcoidosis in Beryllium Exposed Workers: A Case‐Case Study
Authors: Mayer Annyce S. , Mroz Margaret M. , Van Dyke Michael K. , Pacheco Karin A. , Gottschall E. Brigitte , Crooks James L. , Maier Lisa A.
Published: November 2024

Background

Despite the utility of the beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT), distinguishing sarcoidosis, a disease of unknown etiology, from chronic beryllium disease (CBD), has long posed a diagnostic challenge. It is unclear if beryllium‐exposed sarcoidosis cases (Be‐exp‐Sarc) are clinically distinct from CBD, or are misdiagnosed cases of CBD.

Methods

We performed a case‐case study of 40 beryllium‐exposed individuals diagnosed with Be‐exp‐Sarc compared to 40 frequency‐matched CBD cases. We compared demographics, exposure, clinical, physical, and radiographic characteristics and HLA DBPI E69 genotype.

Results

Compared to CBD, Be‐exp‐Sarc cases were diagnosed at a younger age, had lower lung function, were less likely to have normal radiographic imaging, were more likely to have massive adenopathy and extra‐thoracic manifestations and were more likely to have been prescribed systemic immunosuppressive therapy. Be‐exp‐Sarc tended to have fewer years of beryllium exposure, but there were no significant differences in the amount of beryllium exposure. HLA DPBI E69 was present in 53% of Be‐exp‐Sarc cases, not different from the general population, versus 92% of CBD cases (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

While a number of differences were observed, the only absolute distinguishing features were lack of confirmed beryllium sensitization in Be‐exp‐Sarc and lack of extra‐thoracic manifestations in CBD. These findings suggest that Be‐exp‐Sarc may be distinct from CBD, and beryllium or some other workplace exposure may possibly play an as yet to be defined etiologic role, although the possibility that these cases could be due to selection bias from heightened surveillance in beryllium workforces cannot be excluded.
Prevalence of mixed neuropathologies in age‐related neurodegenerative diseases: A community‐based autopsy study in China
Authors: Wang Xiaoxi , Zhu Keqing , Wu Wei , Zhou Dan , Lu Hui , Du Juan , Cai Li , Yan Xiaoxin , Li Wensheng , Qian Xiaojing , Wang Xue , Ma Chao , Hu Yuting , Tian Chen , Sun Bing , Fang Zheng , Wu Juanli , Jiang Peiran , Liu Jianxin , Liu Cuiyun , Fan Jiayao , Cui Huixian , Shen Yi , Duan Shumin , Bao Aimin , Yang Ying , Qiu Wenying , Zhang Jing
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION

Despite extensive studies on mixed neuropathologies, data from China are limited. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing brain samples from Chinese brain banks.

METHODS

A total of 1142 brains from six Chinese brain banks were examined using standardized methods. Independent pathologists conducted evaluations with stringent quality control. Prevalence and correlations of neurological disorders were analyzed.

RESULTS

Significant proportions of brains displayed primary age‐related tauopathy (PART, 35%), limbic‐predominant age‐related TDP‐43 encephalopathy (LATE, 46%), and aging‐related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG, 12%). Alzheimer's disease neuropathological change (ADNC, 48%), Lewy body disease (LBD, 13%), and cerebrovascular disease (CVD, 63%) were also prevalent, often co‐occurring with regional variations. CVD emerged as the potential most early contributor to neuropathological changes.

DISCUSSION

This analysis highlights the prevalence of PART, LATE, ARTAG, ADNC, LBD, and CVD, with regional differences. The findings suggest CVD may be the earliest contributing factor, potentially preceding other neuropathologies.

Highlights

The prevalence of primary age‐related tauopathy (PART), limbic‐predominant age‐related TDP‐43 encephalopathy (LATE), aging‐related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG), Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change, Lewy body disease, and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in China, increasing with age, is comparable to other countries.

Significant regional differences in the prevalences of diseases are noted.

CVD develops prior to any other disorders, including PART, LATE, and ARTAG.
Cardiac rupture caused by penetration of the heart by fractured costal cartilage following blunt chest trauma: A case report
Authors: Hattori Masao , Akita Mayo , Mori Kotaro , Ichikawa Michitaro , Takeshige Kanako , Kamijo Hiroshi , Mochizuki Katsunori , Imamura Hiroshi , Tanaka Haruki , Takeda Tetsu
Published: November 2024

Background

Cardiac rupture is rare but has a high mortality rate. Cardiac rupture due to blunt trauma is generally caused by the heart being pinched into the bony thorax.

Case Presentation

A 90‐year‐old man in shock was transported to the hospital after his precordium was stepped on by a cow. He developed right atrial rupture from penetration of the heart by fractured and calcified costal cartilage, with massive hemothorax, hemorrhagic shock, and respiratory failure. We immediately performed cardiac injury repair. The patient was discharged without sequelae.

Conclusion

Emergency physicians should be aware that secondary cardiac rupture can show a penetrating injury‐like presentation due to calcified costal cartilage caused by blunt chest trauma.
Different Treatment Outcomes of Multiple Sclerosis Patients Receiving Ocrelizumab or Ofatumumab
Authors: Meuth Sven G. , Wolff Stephanie , Mück Anna , Willison Alice , Kleinschnitz Konstanze , Räuber Saskia , Pawlitzki Marc , Konen Franz Felix , Skripuletz Thomas , Grothe Matthias , Ruck Tobias , Huttner Hagen B. , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Bopp Tobias , Pul Refik , Cree Bruce A. C. , Hartung Hans‐Peter , Möllenhoff Kathrin , Pfeuffer Steffen
Published: November 2024

Objective

B‐cell–depletion via CD20 antibodies is a safe and effective treatment for active relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). Both ocrelizumab (OCR) and ofatumumab (OFA) have demonstrated efficacy in randomized controlled trials and are approved for treatment of RMS, yet nothing is known on their comparative effectiveness, especially in the real‐world setting.

Methods

This prospective cohort study includes patients that were started on either OCR or OFA between September 2021 and December 2023. Patients were followed until June 2024 and recruited at 3 large tertiary centers in Germany (Duesseldorf, Essen, and Giessen). Propensity‐score‐matching was used to address baseline imbalances among patients. Clinical relapses, presence of new or enlarging MRI lesions and 6‐month confirmed disability worsening were evaluated. Non‐inferiority of OFA compared to OCR was evaluated through comparison of Kaplan–Meier‐estimates.

Results

A total of 1,138 patients were initially enrolled in the cohort. Following patient selection and propensity‐score‐matching, 544 OCR and 417 OFA patients were included in the final analysis. In our primary analysis, OFA was non‐inferior to OCR in terms of relapses, disability progression, and accrual of MRI lesions. Subgroup analyses confirmed findings in previously naïve and platform‐treated patients. Potential differences between OFA and OCR were seen in patients switching from S1P receptor modulators or natalizumab.

Conclusion

We here provide comparative data on the effectiveness of OCR and OFA in patients with active RMS. OFA was non‐inferior to OCR in the overall cohort. Potential differences observed in patients switching from S1P receptor modulators or natalizumab require further validation. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:583–595
Fabrication and Performance Investigation of Flame Retardant Flexible Polyurethane Composites via Polyethyleneimine/Phytic Acid LBL Self‐Assembly Coatings
Authors: Guan Mengfan , Li Jiaqi , Fang Yuan , Dai Kang , Liu Xiuyu , Tang Gang
Published: November 2024

To bolster the fire resistance of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF), and a series of FPUF/polyethylenimine/phytic acid (FPUF/PEI/PA) composites were prepared by layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly strategy. Furthermore, the thermal stability, flame retardancy, combustion properties, and char layer were comprehensively evaluated via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 vertical combustion test, microcalorimetry (MCC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and tensile testing. TG analysis revealed that the PEI/PA coatings markedly diminished the initial decomposition temperature (T
‐5wt%) and char residue at 800°C. FPUF‐6 extended the burning duration by 20 s, a 80% improvement compared with unmodified FPUF, with an LOI value increased to 19.2 vol%. SEM and Raman analyses of the char residues indicated that the PEI/PA coating promoted graphitization degree of the char layer. This work offered novel insights for the development of high‐performance FPUF composites.
Local Ecological Knowledge as a Conservation Tool for Identifying Threats to the Pacific Goliath Grouper (Epinephelus quinquefasciatus) in Panama
Authors: Chong‐Montenegro Carolina , Castellanos‐Galindo Gustavo A. , Robertson D. Ross
Published: November 2024

The Pacific goliath grouper, Epinephelus quinquefasciatus, is the largest reef fish of the tropical Eastern Pacific. The IUCN categorizes it as Data Deficient because of the lack of population data and the risk posed by fishing. Using fishers' local ecological knowledge, we assessed Pacific goliath grouper historical catch trends along Panama's Pacific coast. Handline and speargun catches showed significant declines in the average weight of Pacific goliath grouper landed from 1958 to 2018. Market demand and environmental degradation were identified as primary drivers of the Pacific goliath grouper perceived decline. Local ecological knowledge demonstrated that valuable fisheries information can be derived and used to inform species' population trends.
Inexpensive Carbon Based Co‐Catalyst Modified Zr‐MOF Towards Photocatalytic H2O2 and H2 Production
Authors: Prakash Tripathy Suraj , Dash Srabani , Ray Asheli , Subudhi Satyabrata , Parida Kulamani
Published: November 2024

The photocatalytic H2O2 and H2 production are the utmost encouraging paths to overcome the imminent energy crisis. For accomplishing these goals the photocatalysts needs to be stable, trap photons and superior exciton separation, yet these properties are scanty for aqueous stable UiO‐66‐NH2. Hence, UiO‐66‐NH2 is armed with inexpensive Carbon nanoparticles that were incorporated through facile solvothermal procedure are employed towards photocatalytic H2 and H2O2 production. The UC‐2 composite exhibits improved photocatalytic activity, which was ascribed to the composites capacity to suppress exciton re‐combination, enhanced photon capture and to facilitate quicker charge transfer that was observed from UV‐Vis DRS, EIS, PL, TRPL and transient photocurrent analysis. Composite UC‐2 exhibits an H2O2 generation rate of 33.2 μmol h−1 in an O2 saturated conditions with isopropyl alcohol and water underneath visible light irradiation. This H2O2 generation rate was nearly three folds higher than the pristine UiO‐66‐NH2 MOF. Moreover, the produced materials were subjected to a photocatalytic H2 evolution research, and similar results were obtained, indicating that UC‐2 has the maximum H2 evolution capacity at 298.1 μmol h−1. Typically, the light trapping tendency, remarkable electron transfer capacity and electron capture capacity of the carbon NPs based co‐catalyst aids to improve the overall photo‐reaction performance thereby producing superior photocatalytic H2O2 and H2 as a sustainable energy alternative.
Cooperative Iodine and Nitrate Catalyzed Oxidation of Stilbenes to α‐Diketones in Water
Authors: Luo Junfei , Lv Yue , Tang Keqi , Ding Hanfeng
Published: November 2024

An efficient oxidation of stilbenes to α‐diketones co‐catalyzed by bismuth nitrate and iodine is reported. The utilization of molecular oxygen as a terminal oxidant and water as the reaction solvent provides a low‐cost and environmentally friendly approach to preparing the α‐diketone derivatives from readily available stilbenes. Isotope labeling experiments suggest that the two oxygen atoms of the α‐ diketone products mainly originate from water. The method displays high functional group tolerance and we have demonstrated a concise route for preparing trifenagrel and HIV‐1 integrase inhibitors from 1,2‐diphenylethene.
Spectral Studies of Super‐Eddington Accreting Neutron Stars in the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Vasilopoulos Georgios , Kouzis Marios , West Brent F. , Becker Peter A.
Published: November 2024

Major outbursts of BeXRBs offer a unique laboratory for studying accretion onto magnetized neutron stars (NSs) over a large dynamic range. The accreting material is entrained from the accretion disk by the strong magnetic field, and then channeled onto the NS, forming a so‐called accretion column (AC). Physical simulation of the AC requires consideration of various physical processes occurring in strongly magnetized plasma, including complex multi‐dimensional radiative transfer and the presence of a radiation‐dominated shock. Analytical models based on the Becker and Wolff (2007) model have proven successful at reproducing the observed AC spectra in super‐critical sources in which radiation pressure plays the dominant role in controlling the dynamics of the accreting material. In this study, we will apply the model to obtain spectra observed during super‐Eddington outbursts of BeXRBs in the Magellanic Clouds.
Do We Use Relatively Bad (Algorithmic) Advice? The Effects of Performance Feedback and Advice Representation on Advice Usage
Authors: Daschner Stefan , Obermaier Robert
Published: November 2024

Algorithms are capable of advising human decision‐makers in an increasing number of management accounting tasks such as business forecasts. Due to expected potential of these (intelligent) algorithms, there are growing research efforts to explore ways how to boost algorithmic advice usage in forecasting tasks. However, algorithmic advice can also be erroneous. Yet, the risk of using relatively bad advice is largely ignored in this research stream. Therefore, we conduct two online experiments to examine this risk of using relatively bad advice in a forecasting task. In Experiment 1, we examine the influence of performance feedback (revealing previous relative advice quality) and source of advice on advice usage in business forecasts. The results indicate that the provision of performance feedback increases subsequent advice usage but also the usage of subsequent relatively bad advice. In Experiment 2, we investigate whether advice representation, that is, displaying forecast intervals instead of a point estimate, helps to calibrate advice usage towards relative advice quality. The results suggest that advice representation might be a potential countermeasure to the usage of relatively bad advice. However, the effect of this antidote weakens when forecast intervals become less informative.
Photophysical properties of 9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine‐functionalized salen–indium complexes: Effects of structural rigidity and number of donor substituents
Authors: Kim Yoseph , Lee Ji Hye , Kim Jaehoon , Kim Yeonsu , Moon Hyeonkwon , Hwang Hyonseok , Lee Junseong , Park Jun Hui , Kim Youngjo , Park Myung Hwan
Published: November 2024

Indium–salen complexes with electron‐donating 9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine (DMAC) groups at positions 4 (DMACIn1) and 4 and 6 (DMACIn2) were synthesized and characterized to investigate the effect of the substituents number and structural rigidity on photophysical properties. The single crystal structure of DMACIn1 revealed highly twisted arrays (83–89°) between the DMAC groups and salen moieties and a nearly square‐pyramidal geometry around the indium center. Both complexes exhibited green fluorescence in toluene at 298 K and in rigid states (in toluene at 77 K and in a film), which originates from intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transitions. The absolute photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of DMACIn1 and DMACIn2 were low in solution but high in the rigid states. The film‐state PLQY of DMACIn2 (59.5%) was more than five‐fold higher than that of DMACIn1 (11.1%). A similar result was observed in toluene at 77 K. These findings were rationalized in terms of the beneficial effects of structural rigidity and higher number of DMAC donors on ICT‐based radiative decay. The experimental results agreed with those of computational studies.
Examining the Effects of Industry 4.0 Adoption, Information Acquisition Capability, and Organizational Ambidexterity on Innovation and Circular Economy Performance
Authors: Sahoo Saumyaranjan , Kumar Ashwani , Mangla Sachin Kumar , Ishizaka Alessio
Published: November 2024

Regulatory authorities are putting a lot of pressure on manufacturers to devise strategies to boost their contribution to the circular economy. The limited comprehension surrounding the complex interplay that exists between the deployment of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) strategies, the capability to acquire information, and the ability to balance exploration and exploitation activities within an organization acts as a barrier for manufacturers to attain the optimal levels of organizational performance. As a result, the purpose of the current investigation is to investigate the strategic execution of I4.0 on manufacturers' information acquisition capability in order to foster the ambidexterity required to flourish in the innovation‐driven high‐performance ecosystem for attaining circular economy performance. In this study, data from a cross‐sectional survey that included responses from a sample of 238 Indian manufacturers were assessed using structural equation modeling. According to the results, I4.0 technologies assist organizations in strengthening their exploitative and explorative capabilities, allowing them to achieve success in innovation, which is directly related to their performance in circular economy activities. Unexpectedly, the association between an organization's information acquisition capability and its innovation performance is not substantial, but it is completely mediated by both exploitative and explorative capabilities, which are characterized as organizational ambidexterity.
Comparison of a Fully Angiography‐Derived Versus a Hybrid of Angiography and Pressure‐Wire‐Derived Approach to Assess Coronary Microvascular Resistance: The Oxford Acute Myocardial Infarction Hybrid (OxAMI‐HYBRID) Study
Authors: Chai Jason , Marin Federico , Scarsini Roberto , Kotronias Rafail , Benenati Stefano , Chu Miao , Couch Liam S. , Langrish Jeremy ,   OxAMI Investigators, Channon Keith , Banning Adrian , De Maria Giovanni Luigi
Published: November 2024

Background

Despite growing evidence of its clinical implications, assessment of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) remains limited in routine clinical practice. Hence, there is an increasing interest in angiography‐derived indices to encourage assessment of CMD in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory.

Aims

We investigate here an alternative approach, using a combination of pressure‐wire‐based assessment of distal coronary pressure (Pd) and an angiography‐derived surrogate of coronary flow, to derive a hybrid index of microcirculatory resistance (IMRhybrid).

Methods

Patients enroled prospectively under the Oxford Acute Myocardial Infarction (OxAMI) study were included in the OxAMI HYBRID substudy. The accuracy of IMRhybrid was assessed in diagnosing CMD using bolus thermodilution‐based Index of Microcirculatory Resistance (IMR) as a reference. The accuracy of IMRhybrid was then compared against a fully angiography‐derived index of microvascular resistance (IMRangio).

Results

One hundred and eighty six patients were enroled, of which 121 with acute coronary syndrome and 65 with stable coronary artery disease. A total of 240 vessel analyses were performed. Both IMRhybrid and IMRangio correlated with IMR (rho = 0.71, p < 0.001 and rho = 0.71, p < 0.001 respectively) and showed good and comparable overall diagnostic accuracy in predicting IMR ≥ 25 (80.8% and 83.1% respectively) with a receiver operator curve (ROC) analyses showing similar AUC of 0.86 (95% CI 0.82–0.91, p < 0.001) for IMRhybrid and 0.86 (95% CI 0.809–0.906, p < 0.001) for IMRangio, p for comparison = 0.641.

Conclusion

Both approaches, IMRhybrid and IMRangio are viable and comparable indices correlating with bolus thermodilution‐based IMR and retaining good diagnostic accuracy. IMRhybrid specifically is a simple alternative to conventional bolus thermodilution‐based IMR applicable to any pressure wire system.
A Surface‐Active Pt(II) Bis‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complex for Interface‐Enhanced Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) Catalysis
Authors: Bergen Alexander , Hemmeter Daniel , Barreto Jade , Maier Florian , Scheurer Andreas , Heinemann Frank W. , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Meyer Karsten
Published: November 2024

We present the preparation and investigation of a fluorine‐free surface‐active bis‐N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) platinum(II) complex — trans‐[Pt(mPEG3C8Im)2Cl2] — for interface‐enhanced supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalysis within a group of (mPEGn)‐substituted ionic liquids (ILs) ([(mPEGn)2Im][A] ILs). The complex was characterized by means of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (scXRD) analysis and multinuclear (1H, 13C, 195Pt) NMR spectroscopy, indicating the presence of two almost equimolar syn–anti‐rotamers of the square‐planar complex in solution. Angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) revealed pronounced interface‐accumulation of trans‐[Pt(mPEG3C8Im)2Cl2] in IL solutions of [(mPEG2)2Im][A] (A−=I− and PF6−).
An Organic Vapor‐Responsive Actuator Based on a Novel Urea Macrocycle
Authors: Zhu Xuanfu , Liu Peiren , Fang Fang , Wang Haochen , Alimi Lukman O. , Moosa Basem A. , Khashab Niveen M.
Published: November 2024

The mechanical actuation of smart materials has garnered considerable attention in biological and medical research due to their ability to mimic biological processes at both molecular level, such as conformational changes in individual compounds, and at the macroscopic level, where polymeric substrates respond to external stimuli. In this study, we present a polymeric composite incorporating a novel urea macrocycle as a filler, forming a soft actuator that responds to various organic solvent vapors. The underlying actuation mechanism is attributed to crystalline phase transition of urea macrocycle, driven by the host–guest interactions with diverse guest molecules. This work provides valuable insights for advancing the design of supramolecular hosts in smart material applications.
Visible Light‐Induced Umpolung Synthesis of 3,3‐Disubstituted Oxindoles via the Substrate‐Photosensitive Strategy
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Wang Tingting , Sui Benhui , Wang Hongyu , Tang Bo
Published: November 2024

Comprehensive Summary

3,3‐Disubstituted oxindoles, forming the core of extensive bioactive natural products and drugs, attract tremendous efforts to develop efficient methods for their preparation. Here, a photocatalyst‐free approach for the synthesis of 3,3‐disubstituted oxindoles via a substrate‐photosensitive strategy under visible light was successfully developed. Preliminary mechanistic studies illustrated that isatin‐derived imines can be directly excited by visible light to generate strong oxidant states, facilitating subsequent single‐electron transfer (SET) processes with Hantzsch esters to afford the corresponding α‐amino radical intermediates. Thus, these α‐amino radicals promote the subsequent Giese radical addition or radical/radical cross‐coupling reactions to furnish diverse functionalized 3‐substituted 3‐aminooxindoles in high yields.
Physician Preferences in Using Novel Digital Devices for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation—A DAS‐CAM III Survey
Authors: Manninger Martin , Zweiker David , Hovakimyan Tatevik , Matusik Paweł T. , Conti Sergio , Ollitrault Pierre , Aro Aapo , Mulder Bart A. , Dichtl Wolfgang , Heeger Christian‐Hendrik , ter Bekke Rachel , Gul Enes Elvin , Weijs Bob , Rahm Ann‐Kathrin , Darma Angeliki , Evranos Banu , Sabbag Avi , Moroka Kgomotso , Traykov Vassil , Larsen Jacob Moesgaard , Amoroso Gisella Rita , Evens Stijn , McIntyre William F. , Linz Dominik
Published: November 2024

Aim

A recent European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) practical guide provides guidance on the use of novel digital devices for heart rhythm analysis using either electrocardiogram (ECG) or photoplethysmography (PPG) technology for the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF). This survey assesses physicians' preferences to use digital devices in patients with possible AF and their impact on clinical decision‐making.

Methods and Results

Participants of the DAS‐CAM III initiated and distributed an online survey assessing physician preferences in using digital devices for the management of AF in different clinical scenarios. A total of 505 physicians (median age: 38 [IQR 33–46] years) from 30 countries completed the survey. A third of respondents were electrophysiologists, the others were cardiologists, cardiology residents, or general practitioners. Electrophysiologists were more likely to have experience with both ECG‐based (92% vs. 68%, p < 0.001) and PPG‐based (60% vs. 34%, p < 0.001) digital devices. The initial diagnostic approach to each scenario (symptomatic low‐risk, symptomatic high‐risk, or asymptomatic high‐risk patient) was heterogeneous. Electrophysiologists preferred intermittent single‐lead ECG monitoring to traditional Holter ECGs to screen for AF. Both electrophysiologists and non‐electrophysiologists would rarely use PPG‐based devices to diagnose and screen for AF (8.2%–9.8%). Electrophysiologists and non‐electrophysiologists use ECG‐based technology to confirm PPG‐documented tracings suggestive of AF.

Conclusion

While PPG‐based digital devices are rarely used for diagnosis and screening for AF, intermittent ECG‐based digital devices are beginning to be implemented in clinical practice. More education on the potential of novel digital devices is required to achieve diagnostic pathways as suggested by the EHRA practical guide.
Design of High‐Sensitivity Cold‐Start Circuit for Wireless Energy Harvesting With Low Start‐Up Voltage
Authors: Shi Feng , Wang Fan , Yang Cheng , Li Xiaochao , Du Yongqian
Published: November 2024

A high‐sensitivity and low start‐up voltage cold‐start circuit for wireless power harvesting is presented in this work. To improve conversion efficiency and reduce charge pump stages, a pipeline power supply uplifting clocking (PPSUC) driving scheme is proposed, which improves the conversion efficiency more than 45%. By adopting a two‐stage PPSUC driving Pelliconi charge pump, the proposed cold‐start circuit is designed and verified in a commercial 65‐nm MCOS process. Benefiting from the proposed PPSUC driving scheme, the cold‐start circuit demonstrates a low start‐up voltage of 170 mV and a high cold stat sensitivity of −32 dBm.
An auxiliary diagnostic approach based on traditional Chinese medicine constitutions for older patients with frailty
Authors: Gu Xuchao , Wang Xiaojun , Yang Yijing , Guan Kangwei , Chang Hung‐Chen , Liu Dehua , Wang Wenhao , Wu Tao , He Peiqing , Wang Jiaofeng , Chen Jie , Bao Zhijun
Published: November 2024

Introduction

As global population ages, frailty has surfaced as a major public health challenge. Given the heterogeneity of frailty in the clinical presentation, it is imperative to develop personalised diagnostic and treatment strategies. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution offers notable advantages in discerning individual differences. This study aims to elucidate the association between TCM constitutions and frailty, providing insights into the application of TCM for the frailty management.

Methods

An observational study was conducted at Huadong hospital from July 2022 to November 2023. A total of 241 older patients were recruited. Each patient underwent assessments for the TCM constitution and frailty status. Comprehensive data collection encompassed medical history, biochemical indicators, bone mineral density (BMD), body composition and physical performance metrics. Plasma samples were also collected to detect levels of inflammatory factors and lymphogenesis‐related factors, including IL‐1β, TNF‐α, VEGF‐C, ANGPTL4 and ACV‐A. Multi‐level statistical analysis was used to establish the relationship of TCM constitutions with frailty.

Results

Amongst all participants, 54 individuals were classified as non‐frail, 90 individuals as pre‐frail and 97 individuals as frail. Regression analysis indicated that frailty was closely associated with four imbalanced TCM constitutions: Qi deficiency, phlegm dampness, blood stasis and Qi depression. Subsequent analysis demonstrated that Qi deficiency was associated with decreased BMD, phlegm dampness with elevated high‐density lipoprotein levels, Blood stasis with elevated blood glucose levels, and Qi depression with both decreased BMD and elevated low‐density lipoprotein levels. Furthermore, individuals characterised by imbalanced TCM constitutions exhibited inferior handgrip strength, walking pace, lower limb strength and higher levels of inflammatory factors and lymphogenesis‐related factors compared to those with balanced TCM constitution.

Conclusion

Frailty is independently associated with Qi deficiency, phlegm dampness, blood stasis and Qi depression. Personalised diagnostic approaches based on the TCM constitution may offer valuable insights for directing treatment for older patients with frailty.
Competition and Facilitation Influence Central Place Foraging Ecology in a Colonial Marine Predator
Authors: Langley Liam P. , Cox Sam L. , Patrick Samantha C. , Votier Stephen C.
Published: November 2024

Coloniality is strongly shaped by aspects of social foraging behaviour. For example, colonies may be important sources of information, while food competition may increase foraging efforts and limit colony size. Understanding foraging ecology considering these apparent trade‐offs is required to develop a better understanding of colonial living. We combined animal‐borne GPS, cameras and dive recorders to study social foraging in breeding adult northern gannets Morus bassanus—a wide‐ranging colonial seabird. We first tested for indirect evidence of prey depletion around the colony by estimating dive location, depth and duration. Next, we tested for sociality during different behaviours (commuting, foraging and resting) and distance from the colony. Finally, we quantified flocks of inbound and outbound birds to compare social foraging between outbound and inbound legs of the commute. Dive probability and depth (n = 46 individuals; n = 1590 dives) increased with distance from the colony, creating dive clusters at ~100 and 180 km consistent with conspecific prey depletion. Camera stills (n = 8 individuals; n = 7495 images) show gannets are highly social, but this varied among behaviours. Sociality was highest during foraging and commuting; especially inbound and social foraging was more likely far from the colony. Gannets were equally likely to be solitary or social when leaving the colony but returning birds were more likely in larger flocks. In summary, despite experiencing intraspecific competition for food, gannets engage in dynamic, context‐dependent social foraging associations. Conspecifics aggregated far from the colony possibly because of a prey depletion halo closer to home, but this provided potential benefits via local enhancement and by returning to the colony in flocks. Our results therefore illustrate how competition may, paradoxically, facilitate some aspects of group foraging in colonial animals.
Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on the Distribution of Endangered and Endemic Changnienia amoena (Orchidaceae) Using Ensemble Modeling and Gap Analysis in China
Authors: Liu Ting , Cai Hanwei , Zhang Guangfu
Published: November 2024

Climate change has significant impacts on the distribution of orchids. The endemic and endangered orchids are more susceptible to climate change than widely distributed orchids. To date, little is known concerning the response of endangered Changnienia amoena, endemic to China, to different climate scenarios. Here, we build an ensemble model comprising random forest model, maximum entropy model, and gradient boosting model in Biomod2 package to project its potential distribution in China, evaluate its current protective effectiveness, and identify its conservation gaps in China by determining the C. amoena population range within the natural protected areas. The outcomes showed that the four key environmental factors influencing its distribution were mean diurnal temperature range, minimum temperature of the coldest month, temperature seasonality, and precipitation of the warmest quarter. This orchid was currently distributed mainly in southern Anhui, central and western Hubei, western Hunan, southern Shaanxi, and eastern Sichuan province. The total suitable area of C. amoena was 58.33 × 104 km2, only accounting for 6.08% of China's total territory, which is larger than known. However, only 4.48% of the suitable area is located within national nature reserves and 3.33% within provincial nature reserves, respectively. During the last inter glacial and mid‐holocene, its suitable areas were larger than the current. Under six future climate scenarios, its suitable areas may decrease averagely by 2.26% relative to the current, with severe habitat fragmentation. Collectively, the centroid of C. amoena is expected to shift towards the southeast in the future. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that climate change has an adverse effect on its potential distribution. We recommend expanding protected areas or establishing new conservation sites for C. amoena in China. Furthermore, our study can help to inform the development of conservation management strategies for other endangered Chinese endemic orchids under climate change.