bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Capital, Innovation, Financial Literacy, and Government Support on MSME Sustainability Post-COVID-19
Authors: Suryanto Rudy , Anggraeni Khadiva Salwa
Published: November 2024

This study aims to empirically analyze the effect of business capital, innovation, financial literacy, and government support on the sustainability of MSMEs post the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample in this study was 104 respondents, namely MSME players spread across Cilacap Regency. The method used in this research is purposive sampling. This study uses Contingency Theory by deriving four hypotheses which are tested using the SEM-PLS analysis tool through the SmartPLS v.4.0 application. The results of this study indicate that business capital has a positive effect on the sustainability of MSMEs, innovation has a positive effect on the sustainability of MSMEs, financial literacy has no positive effect on the sustainability of MSMEs, and government support has a positive effect on the sustainability of MSMEs.
Nervensystem im Lotussitz – Einfluss von Yoga auf das Vegetativum
Authors: Braun Lena , Völker Daniel
Published: November 2024

Langanhaltender Stress beeinträchtigt nicht nur unser mentales Wohlbefinden, sondern hat auch tiefgreifende Auswirkungen auf unseren Körper. Yoga bietet als ergänzende Therapie eine effektive Unterstützung im Praxisalltag. Dabei wirkt die traditionelle Lehre nicht nur auf die Muskulatur, sondern reguliert auch das vegetative Nervensystem und somit das Stressempfinden.
Perioperative Immuntherapie beim operablen Lungenkarzinom: aktuelle Studienlage und neue Therapiestandards
Authors: Le Uyen-Thao , Ohm Birte , Schmid Severin
Published: November 2024

Die Einführung der Immuntherapie hat die Behandlung des Lungenkarzinoms drastisch verändert, wobei auch die perioperative Applikation bei lokal fortgeschrittenen nicht kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinomen ermutigende Ergebnisse gezeigt hat. Die neoadjuvanten und perioperativen Therapieregime der CheckMate-816- und KEYNOTE-671-Studie sowie die adjuvanten Therapien nach dem IMPower010- und dem PEARLS/KEYNOTE-091-Protokoll wurden bereits von der Europäischen Arzneimittel-Agentur (EMA) für die Behandlung ausgewählter Fälle zugelassen. Weitere Therapieregime und Kombinationstherapien mit unterschiedlichen Wirkstoffgruppen und Therapiemodalitäten werden derzeit auf ihre Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit überprüft. Aus der veränderten Therapielandschaft ergeben sich neue Möglichkeiten, aber auch Herausforderungen für die behandelnden Disziplinen. Die aktuelle Studienlage zur perioperativen Immuntherapie des resektablen Lungenkarzinoms und die sich daraus ergebenden Handlungsempfehlungen,
insbesondere bez. der Patientenselektion sowohl für eine neoadjuvante als auch adjuvante Immuntherapie sowie die derzeitigen Forschungsbemühungen werden in diesem Artikel beleuchtet.
Characterization of CD3+ T Lymphocytes in Human Coronary Thrombi with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gu Muyang , Xia Ni , Zhang Si , Zhu Xinyu , Liu Meilin , Lu Yuzhi , Li Nana , Yang Haoyi , Tang Tingting , Nie Shaofang , Li Jingyong , Yang Fen , Jiao Jiao , Lv Bingjie , Wang Weimin , Hu Desheng , Hu Jiong , Liu Huirong , Chen Chen , Cheng Xiang
Published: November 2024

Background The occurrence and development of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are accompanied by coronary atherothrombosis and occlusion, and immune responses play prominent roles in their pathogeneses. However, the causes of atherothrombosis remain elusive, and a comprehensive study of T cell-mediated immune responses in coronary thrombi from STEMI patients is lacking.

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the heterogeneity and clonality of CD3+ T lymphocytes in STEMI patients at the single-cell level.

Methods Paired single-cell RNA and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing was performed on CD3+ T lymphocytes in the coronary thrombi and peripheral blood of STEMI patients, as well as the blood from control subjects without coronary artery disease (CAD).

Results Compared with those in the peripheral blood of STEMI patients, the activation, cytotoxicity, proinflammatory, and prothrombotic characteristics of CD3+ T lymphocytes in coronary thrombi were decreased, and the clonality of CD3+ T cells was increased. Compared with those from non-CAD controls, T lymphocytes from STEMI patients exhibited an upregulation of genes related to recent TCR engagement, suggesting antigen-specific stimulation in STEMI. Antigen specificity prediction using an algorithm indicated the probability of T cells from different patients binding to similar antigens for clonal expansion during STEMI.

Conclusion This study provides a basis for exploring the cellular heterogeneity of CD3+ T lymphocytes in the coronary thrombi and peripheral blood of STEMI patients. Identifying the precise adaptive immune mechanisms driving atherothrombosis may lead to innovative therapies that selectively target the aberrant immune response, resulting in more effective treatments for STEMI.
Mutterschutz in der Pneumologie – Überlegungen für eine Positivliste
Authors: Ganzert Christine , Darius Sabine , Böckelmann Irina
Published: November 2024

Aufgrund zahlreicher Risiken wie zum Beispiel der Umgang mit Infektionserregern oder mit Narkosegasen scheint eine Weiterbeschäftigung werdender/stillender Mütter in interventionellen Fächern schwierig umsetzbar zu sein. Oftmals ist eine Schwangerschaft von Ärztinnen mit einem Beschäftigungsverbot verbunden und damit gleichbedeutend mit einer Verzögerung der beruflichen Karriere.

Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, eine Positivliste zu erarbeiten, die Schwangeren eine risikoarme Weiterbeschäftigung auch während der Schwangerschaft erlaubt und Arbeitgebern eine Handlungshilfe für die Erstellung einer anlassbezogenen Gefährdungsbeurteilung bietet.

Die narrative Kurzübersicht basiert auf den Empfehlungen, die sowohl von Fachgesellschaften als auch vom Ausschuss für Mutterschutz erstellt worden sind. Sie soll Hilfestellung für die Erstellung einer individuellen Gefährdungsbeurteilung nach Mitteilung einer Schwangerschaft im Fachbereich Pneumologie geben, um Ärztinnen risikoarm weiterbeschäftigen zu können.
In Silico Techniques Unveil the Anticancer Potential of Himalayan Pteridophytic Compounds via PI3K Inhibition
Authors: Singh Mansi , Bansal Priya , Gupta Siddhi , Sharma Shivani , Prakash Surya , Katiyar Deepti , Kumar Abhishek
Published: November 2024

Introduction Inhibiting the signaling protein/gene involved in cancer progression may affect the signaling cascade and could be a possible targeted approach against progressive cancer. The present study aims to evaluate the anticancer potential of bioactive compounds from selected Himalayan pteridophytes by targeting the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway using in silico techniques.

Materials and Methods In the present study, we identified various Himalayan pteridophytes via literature search from different search engines like Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, etc. Among all, four Himalayan pteridophytes were chosen whose bioactive constituents were already identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Molecular docking via PyRx software was performed against two PI3K target proteins (PDB ID: 5OQ4 and PDB ID: 3OAW) for determining the binding affinity of selected bioactive constituents against cancer. Drug likeliness and toxicity assessment were also carried out by using Swiss ADME and ProTox-II.

Results and Discussion Molecular docking study identified 12 bioactive molecules with favorable binding affinities (ranging from –7.3 to –10.00 kcal/mol) against PI3K pathway. Among 12 constituents, 3 molecules named as PC-2 (Matteucinol), PC-4 (Matteuorienate-A), and PC-9 (flavan-4-ol) have binding affinity more than the reference compounds. These results suggest that these constituents may serve as a promising candidate for further in vitro and in vivo studies in cancer therapeutics. The selected bioactive compounds demonstrate promising anticancer activity via PI3K inhibition, warranting further experimental validation and development as potential cancer therapeutics.
Investigation of an improved ceramic-based pulse-forming line based on impedance matching electrode
Authors: Fu Zebin , Jia Chenglin , Zeng Fanzheng , Liu Yifeng , Wei Jinhong , Li Song
Published: November 2024

A ceramic-based pulse-forming line (PFL) is a solid-state device with a wide range of applications in compact pulsed power systems. In this paper, the characteristic impedance of a ceramic-based PFL is theoretically analyzed, and an improved PFL based on an impedance matching electrode is proposed. The improved PFL effectively increases the flat-top ratio and reduces the rise and fall times, enhancing its potential applicability. Experiments using the improved PFL show that, under a charging voltage of 33 kV and with an impedance matching load, the output pulse width can reach 86 ns with a matching impedance of 3.9 Ω. The improved PFL output waveform has a flat-top ratio that reaches 72%, compared with 49.5% in a typical PFL, and exhibits shorter rise and fall times.
An atomic beam of titanium for ultracold atom experiments
Authors: Schrott Jackson , Novoa Diego , Eustice Scott , Stamper-Kurn Dan M.
Published: November 2024

We generate an atomic beam of titanium (Ti) using a “Ti-ball” Ti-sublimation pump, which is a common getter pump used in ultrahigh vacuum systems. We show that the sublimated atomic beam can be optically pumped into the metastable 3d3(4F)4s a5F5 state, which is the lower energy level in a cycling optical transition that can be used for laser cooling. We measure the atomic density and transverse and longitudinal velocity distributions of the beam through laser fluorescence spectroscopy. We find a metastable atomic flux density of 4.3(2) × 109 s−1 cm−2 with a mean forward velocity of 773(8) m/s at 2.55 cm directly downstream of the center of the Ti-ball. Owing to the details of optical pumping, the beam is highly collimated along the transverse axis parallel to the optical pumping beam and the flux density falls off as 1/r. We discuss how this source can be used to load atoms into a magneto-optical trap.
Cell migration behavior regulation by nanopillars and oxide coating
Authors: Liu Chang , Xue Chenyang , Zhang Binzhen
Published: November 2024

The extracellular matrix provides a structural foundation for cells while also providing biophysical and biochemical signals that guide and influence cell migration. Previous studies have demonstrated that factors such as topography, material composition, and surface energy can significantly influence the migratory behaviors of cells. However, the relationship between surface energy and cell migration on various surfaces is not well understood. To investigate this, we fabricated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) platforms featuring nanopillars, as well as silicon oxide (SiOx) and titanium oxide (TiOx) surface coatings. The study examined the cells’ migration speed, morphology, and spreading in relation to the different surface properties and surface energies. Cells exhibited distinctive migration behaviors on the PDMS platforms with nanopillars and various surface coatings. In contrast to the flat PDMS, cells cultured on the SiOx and TiOx coatings exhibited less elongated morphologies, decreased mobility, and larger overall cell areas. Specifically, cells had the smallest cell elongation on the SiOx surface and the lowest migration speed on platforms coated with TiOx. In contrast, cells cultured on the nanopillar surface exhibited increased migration speeds, more elongated morphologies, and smaller overall cell areas. These findings suggest that cell migration behavior is obviously affected by the existence of nanopillars or the type of surface coating, which in turn is relevant to the surface energy of the platform. Elucidating the relationships between various surface properties, resulting cell migration behaviors, and overall surface energy could enable improved control over cell migration in a bionic platform designed to promote tissue regeneration and repair.
Bearing fault diagnosis based on wavelet adaptive threshold filtering and multi-channel fusion cross-attention neural network
Authors: Zhao Yunji , Wei Sicheng , Xu Xiaozhuo
Published: November 2024

In industrial applications, it is difficult to extract the fault feature directly when the rolling bearing works under strong background noise. In addition, single-channel vibration sensor data pose limitations in providing a comprehensive representation of bearing fault features; how to effectively fuse data of each channel and extract features is a challenge. To solve the above-mentioned problems, a fault diagnosis method based on wavelet adaptive threshold filtering and multi-channel fusion cross-attention neural network is proposed in this paper. First, the multi-scale discrete wavelet transform is applied to obtain the wavelet coefficients of each channel. Adaptive threshold filtering is conducted to filter out noise and extract symbolic features. The threshold updates with the training of the network. Then, the wavelet coefficients are reconstructed and the channel attention is performed to further extract the symbolic features of the fault signal. Finally, the multi-channel fault signals are fused by a cross-attention module. This module can fully extract the features of each channel and fuse multi-channel data. To improve the generalization ability of the network, residual connections are added. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments are carried out on the rolling bearing datasets of Case Western Reserve University and Xi’an Jiaotong University. In addition, the gas turbine main bearing dataset is also applied to prove the reliability of this method.
Analysis of a stochastic two-species predator-prey system in two-patch environments with Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process
Authors: Liu Qun
Published: November 2024

To characterize the effects of diffusion and environmental noise on population dynamics, in the paper, we first develop a stochastic two-species predator-prey model in two-patch environments, where the fluctuations in the environment are depicted by an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Then we analyze the dynamical behavior of the stochastic model in detail, including the existence and uniqueness of the global solution, the pth moment boundedness, asymptotic pathwise estimation and the existence of a stationary distribution. It is worth noting that by solving the six-dimensional algebraic equations corresponding to the stochastic model, we get the approximate expression of the probability density function around the quasi-coexistence equilibrium of the stochastic system. Finally, a series of numerical simulations are presented to confirm the feasibility and correctness of our theoretical analysis results. Our findings show the importance of considering the effect of this type of stochastic process on the population dynamics.
Design and testing of an (inert) gas cell for in situ polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopic (PM-IRRAS) measurements under specific atmospheres
Authors: Clausen Kai Uwe , Suren Ralf , Schlimm Alexander , Tuczek Felix
Published: November 2024

Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) is a powerful surface-sensitive analytical technique to characterize the adsorbed molecules on metal surfaces down to (sub)monolayer coverage. In this paper, a new (inert) gas cell is presented that expands the scope of the commercially available Bruker PMA50 module. The cell is designed as a sample holder to measure thin films of molecules adsorbed on a metal substrate under a specific gaseous atmosphere. The dimensions of the cell are chosen in such a way that it can be transferred into a glovebox via the standard entrance port (Ø150 mm), allowing the investigation of air-sensitive molecules under an inert-gas atmosphere. The cell has two hose connections through which the gas atmosphere can be varied as desired. This also allows for studying the reactivity of the adsorbed structures toward the surrounding gas in situ and in a (potentially) time-dependent fashion. Furthermore, the metal substrate can be irradiated via an exposure window to investigate the influence of light on the adsorbed molecules and/or their reactivity. Using the polarization-modulation (PM-) IRRAS technique along with the described gas cell, an air-sensitive molybdenum(0) tricarbonyl complex adsorbed on an Au(111) surface is investigated. This complex reacts with molecular oxygen to the molybdenum(VI) trioxo analog, and this conversion is accelerated by irradiation with light of 365 and 440 nm.
Dynamic modeling of air–metal plasma mixture of single-turn coil with erosion at megaGauss magnetic field
Authors: Ge Aoming , Wang Ning , Kang Zhiwei , Huang Yihang , Liu Zhengyang , Yang Haocheng , Lv Yiliang , Li Liang , Peng Tao
Published: November 2024

Single-turn coil (STC) is a destructive pulsed magnet aiming at 100–300 T magnetic field. Due to the high discharge current, the conductor of STC is heated rapidly and undergoes melting and vaporization, leading to the generation of supersonic air–metal vapor mixed plasma jet and the magneto-fluid effect. In this study, the mixed plasma mass-transfer and fluid dynamic characteristics are modeled at megaGauss magnetic field, high temperature, high pressure, and supersonic conductor shock deformation. The collision integral method is employed to calculate the fluid transport properties. In addition, a boundary constraint model of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) compatible with both fluid wall boundary condition and plasma jet entrance condition and a model to simultaneously solve the thermal ionization and high electric field ionization of the mixed vapor are proposed. As the result, the distributions of plasma electrical conductivity, current density, electron, heavy particles, temperature, air body load, and velocity are derived. Especially, the region of highest electrical conductivity is not the air domain near the inner surface of the conductor with the highest electron density and the highest magnetic field, but the air domain near the outer surface of the conductor with the relatively higher electron density and lower magnetic field.
A computer simulation study of a chiral active ring polymer
Authors: Anand Shalabh K.
Published: November 2024

We investigate a ring polymer under the influence of chiral active Brownian forces in two dimensions using coarse-grained computer simulations. We observe a non-monotonic behavior of the radius of gyration of an active Brownian ring as a function of active force. However, the shrinkage of the ring in the intermediate strength of active forces becomes more pronounced in the presence of chiral active forces, and the shrinkage is monotonic at a given activity level as a function of the angular frequency controlling the direction of the active force. The distribution of radius of gyration, inter-monomer distance, and radial distribution suggest that the monomers come close to each other, eventually leading to the shrinkage of the ring. Moreover, the bond-correlation suggests that the chirality introduces a local folding of the monomers. Furthermore, using the diameter correlation function, we show that the ring performs tank-treading motion with a frequency following power-law relation with active force with exponent 3/2. The mean squared displacement of the monomers further assists the tank-treading dynamics by exhibiting oscillatory behavior.
Revisiting the global minimum of Au10 clusters
Authors: Kim Jungyoon , Seo Wonil , Park Jeongmin , Kim Ingyeong , Park Eunji , Kim Joonghan
Published: November 2024

This study employs high-level quantum chemical calculations to determine the global minimum structure of Au10 clusters definitively. Contrary to previous reports, coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] calculations with sizable quadruple-ζ basis sets incorporating the spin–orbit (SO) effect reveal that the planar 10.b structure is the true global minimum for Au10, not the three-dimensional 10.a structure. Two-component spin–orbit density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the SO effect is minimal for most Au10 isomers, except for the 10.f structure. A straightforward diagnostic tool is proposed for identifying Au cluster structures with strong spin–orbit coupling based on 6p orbital occupation. The calculated IR spectra based on Boltzmann averaging the six Au10 isomers show good agreement with recent experimental spectra although minor discrepancies are noted potentially due to interactions with Kr. The results suggest that the transition point to non-planar global minimum structures for Au clusters lies beyond Au10 but is nearby.
Numerical simulation study on the flow dynamics and reaction kinetics of CO2 bubble in monoethanolamine solution
Authors: Lu Changshen , Ding Yudong , Wang Hong , Cheng Min , Zhu Xun , Liao Qiang
Published: November 2024

Due to the large-scale consumption of fossil fuels and the extensive emission of combustion gases, the greenhouse effect has intensified, with CO2 being one of the primary greenhouse gases causing severe environmental impacts. To address this issue, this paper investigates the flow and gas–liquid interface mass transfer behavior of CO2 bubbles in monoethanolamine solution through numerical simulations, validated by experimental data. The study reveals that under different Archimedes numbers (Ar), vortex structures and volume distributions vary significantly. At high Ar values, complex vortex systems form, with the maximum vorticity generated by the bubbles reaching up to 30 rad/s. Bubbles with different initial diameters exhibit distinct dynamic behaviors and mass transfer characteristics during ascent. Larger bubbles exhibit higher mass transfer rates and more complex vortex structures. In the initial stage of ascent, the mass transfer flux increases rapidly, reaching up to 1.3 × 10−7 kg/(m2·s). The results of this study fill the gap in existing research on numerical simulations of reactive bubbles in confined environments. We provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing relevant reactors' geometric characteristics and operational parameters and enhance the understanding of gas–liquid two-phase flow and mass transfer behavior.
Consistency between the distributions for the two phases in aeolian sand transport: Impact of sand on wind
Authors: Yang Bin , Liu Yuxin , Qu Jianjun
Published: November 2024

A field observation was conducted to collect the gust signal at different heights above the bed surface, and the normalized probability distribution function of gust strength was obtained. The result shows that below the height of 800 mm, the closer to the bed, the greater the rise in the left half of the distribution map, indicating that the reduction in gust strength mainly occurs in the low velocity range. The distribution of particle size at bed surface and the normalized gust strength belong to the same distribution. Specifically, the particle size distribution is quantitatively in accordance with the gust distribution at the height of 300 mm, which denotes the thickness of the saltation layer. In accordance with the two characteristic heights (300 and 800 mm), the region near bed surface is divided into three parts, namely, the active zone (within 300 mm), the subactive zone (300–800 mm), and the inert zone (above 800 mm). Accordingly, a point-to-point equivalent momentum exchange theory between the wind and the sand is proposed, which is convenient for predicting the local wind conditions with the information of sand particle size.
Aerodynamic investigation of an S-shaped intake employing sweeping jet actuators based on proper orthogonal decomposition
Authors: Wang Chengze , Lu Huawei , Liu Jun , Tian Zhitao , Guo Shuang , Pang Wenxuan
Published: November 2024

The central curvature change of the S-shaped intake exacerbates the three-dimensional flow separation, resulting in total pressure and swirl distortions at the outlet. In this paper, an efficient active flow control technique, the sweeping jet actuator, was applied to control flow separation. The instantaneous characteristics of the flow field inside and outside the actuator were revealed by using validated numerical simulation methods. In addition, the effect of the sweeping jet on the aerodynamic performance of the S-shaped intake was investigated. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), an analysis method used to extract the main feature components of data, was applied to decompose the flow field structure at the S-shaped intake outlet in this study. The results highlight the external flow field characteristics of the actuator, with a jet sweeping range of up to ±40° and a sweeping frequency of 1 500 Hz, corresponding to a Strouhal number of 0.018. When the jet momentum coefficient is only 0.116%, the total pressure loss coefficient and pressure distortion index are reduced by 5.6% and 24.76%, respectively. This study demonstrates the critical role of momentum injection and discretization in inhibiting flow separation in the channel. The POD-based analysis indicates that a sweeping jet with high momentum can significantly enhance the energy in the flow passage and reduce the vorticity intensity of the first three modes. The stable mode structures exist near the outlet, exhibiting excitation frequency and frequency-doubling properties. The findings of this research provide essential input conditions for subsequent distortion studies.
A newborn F-box gene blocks gene flow by selectively degrading phosphoglucomutase in species hybrids
Authors: Xie Dongying , Ma Yiming , Ye Pohao , Liu Yiqing , Ding Qiutao , Huang Gefei , Félix Marie-Anne , Cai Zongwei , Zhao Zhongying
Published: November 2024

The establishment of reproductive barriers such as postzygotic
h
ybrid
i
ncompatibility (HI) remains the key to speciation. Gene duplication followed by differential functionalization has long been proposed as a major model underlying HI, but little supporting evidence exists. Here, we demonstrate that a newborn F-box gene,
Cni-neib-1
, of the nematode
Caenorhabditis nigoni
specifically inactivates an essential phosphoglucomutase encoded by
Cbr-shls-1
in its sister species
Caenorhabditis briggsae
and their hybrids. Zygotic expression of
Cni-neib-1
specifically depletes
Cbr-
SHLS-1, but not
Cni-
SHLS-1, in approximately 40 min starting from gastrulation, causing embryonic death.
Cni-neib-1
is one of thirty-three paralogues emerging from a recent surge in F-box gene duplication events within
C. nigoni
, all of which are evolving under positive selection.
Cni-neib-1
undergoes turnover even among
C. nigoni
populations. Differential expansion of F-box genes between the two species could reflect their distinctive innate immune responses. Collectively, we demonstrate how recent duplication of genes involved in protein degradation can cause incidental destruction of targets in hybrids that leads to HI, providing an invaluable insight into mechanisms of speciation.
From certainty to uncertainty
Authors: Habicht Külli , Prillop Külli , Simmul Carl Eric
Published: November 2024

In this article, we examine diachronically the use of two central and frequent epistemic particles,
vist ‘perhaps, probably’ and kindlasti ‘definitely, certainly’, in written texts in Estonian
from the 16th century to the present day. Currently, these particles convey various degrees of the speaker’s epistemic assessment:
vist expresses uncertainty regarding the truthfulness of the information conveyed, while
kindlasti indicates high certainty. The meaning of vist has diminished in terms of certainty
to become an uncertainty marker. The meaning of the particle kindlasti has stayed the same over time, but a
downtoning function has developed. Thus, we observe a weakening of epistemic functions for both particles over time within the
framework of pragmaticalisation. We highlight a regularity where, during the pragmaticalisation of particles within the domain of
probability, a unidirectional functional-semantic shift occurs in the chain of certainty > assumption >
uncertainty.
BEACH domain proteins function as cargo-sorting adaptors in secretory and endocytic pathways
Authors: Pankiv Serhiy , Dahl Anette Kathinka , Aas Aleksander , Andersen Rosa Linn , Brech Andreas , Holland Petter , Singh Sakshi , Bindesbøll Christian , Simonsen Anne
Published: November 2024

We identify BEACH domain–containing proteins (BDCPs) as novel membrane coat proteins involved in the sorting of transmembrane proteins (TMPs) on the trans-Golgi network and tubular sorting endosomes. The seven typical mammalian BDCPs share a predicted alpha-solenoid-beta propeller structure, suggesting they have a protocoatomer origin and function. We map the subcellular localization of seven BDCPs based on their dynamic colocalization with RAB and ARF small GTPases and identify five typical BDCPs on subdomains of dynamic tubular-vesicular compartments on the intersection of endocytic recycling and post-Golgi secretory pathways. We demonstrate that BDCPs interact directly with the cytosolic tails of selected TMPs and identify a subset of TMPs, whose trafficking to the plasma membrane is affected in cells lacking BDCP. We propose that the competitive binding of BDCPs and clathrin coat adaptors to the cytosolic tails of TMPs, followed by their clustering to distinct subdomains of secretory/recycling tubules function as a mechanism for sorting of TMPs in pleomorphic tubular-vesicular compartments that lack a clathrin coat.
Recovery of a coefficient in a diffusion equation from large time data*
Authors: Rundell William
Published: November 2024

This paper considers the determination of a spatially varying coefficient in a parabolic equation from time trace data. There are many uniqueness theorems known for such problems but the reconstruction step is severally ill-posed: essentially the problem comes down to trying to reconstruct an analytic function from values on a strip. However, we look at an even more restricted data where the measurements are not made on the whole time axis but only for large values adding further to the ill-conditioning situation. In addition, we do not assume the initial state is known. Uniqueness is restored by making changes to the boundary condition, in particular, to the impedance parameter, for each of a series of measurements. We show that an undefined implementation of the above paradigm leads to both uniqueness and an effective reconstruction algorithm. Extension is also made to the case of fractional model and to replacing the parabolic equation with a damped wave equation.
Layered nanoarchitectonics for condensed hard matter, soft matter, and living matter
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko
Published: November 2024

Nanotechnology has elucidated scientific phenomena of various materials at the nano-level. The next step in materials developments is to build up materials, especially condensed matter, based on such nanotechnology-based knowledge. Nanoarchitectonics can be regarded as a post-nanotechnology concept. In nanoarchitectonics, functional material systems are architected from nanounits. Here, this review would like to focus on layered structures in terms of structure formation. The unit structures of layered structures are mostly two-dimensional materials or thin-film materials. They are attractive materials that have attracted much attention in modern condensed matter science. By organizing them into layered structures, we can expect to develop functions based on communication between the layers. Building up layered functional structures by assembling nano-layers of units is a typical approach in nanoarchitectonics. The discussion will be divided into the following categories: hard matter, hybrid, soft matter, and living object. For each target, several recent research examples will be given to illustrate the discussion. This paper will extract what aspects are considered important in the creation of the layered structure of each component. Layering strategies need to be adapted to the characteristics of the components. The type of structural precision and functionality required is highly dependent on the flexibility and mobility of the component. Furthermore, what is needed to develop the nanoarchitectonics of layered structures is discussedas future perspectives.
Emerging new phases in correlated Mott insulator Ca2RuO4
Authors: Cuono Giuseppe , Forte Filomena , Romano Alfonso , Noce Canio
Published: November 2024

The Mott insulator Ca2RuO4 is a paradigmatic example among transition metal oxides, where the interplay of charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom leads to competing quantum phases. In this paper, we focus on and review some key aspects, from the underlying physical framework and its basic properties, to recent theoretical efforts that aim to trigger unconventional quantum ground states, using several external parameters and stimuli. Using first-principle calculations, we demonstrate that Ca2RuO4 shows a spin splitting in the reciprocal space, and identify it as an altermagnetic candidate material. The non relativistic spin-splitting has an orbital selective nature, dictated by the local crystallographic symmetry. Next, we consider two routes that may trigger exotic quantum states. The first one corresponds to transition metal substitution of the 4d
4 Ru with isovalent 3d
3 ions. This substitutional doping may alter the spin–orbital correlations favoring the emergence of negative thermal expansion. The second route explores fledgling states arising in a non-equilibrium steady state under the influence of an applied electric field. We show that the electric field can directly affect the orbital density, eventually leading to strong orbital fluctuations and the suppression of orbital imbalance, which may, in turn, reduce antiferromagnetism. These aspects suggest possible practical applications, as its unique properties may open up possibilities for augmenting existing technologies, surpassing the limitations of conventional materials.
Pressure induced semiconductor-like to metal transition and linear magnetoresistance in Cr2S2.88 single crystal
Authors: Sun Xiaodong , Zhou Xuebo , Sun Hao , Wu Feng , Li Yuanzhe , He Wanli , Ye Pengda , Li Xiang , Luo Jianlin , Jin Meiling , Wu Wei
Published: November 2024

The transition metal chalcogenide Cr2S3−x
has unique properties, such as a lower antiferromagnetic transition temperature, semiconducting behavior, and thermoelectric properties. We focus on the effects of high pressure on the properties of electrical transport and structure in the single crystal Cr2S2.88. It is observed that the resistance drops abruptly by approximately two orders of magnitude and the temperature derivative of the resistance changes from negative to positive after 15.7 GPa. The Cr2S2.88 crystal has undergone transitions from a semiconductor-like phase to a metal I phase and then to another metal II phase. Simultaneously, a structural phase transition after 16.1 GPa is confirmed by synchrotron angle dispersive x-ray diffraction. After the structural phase transition, the negative magnetoresistance becomes positive with increasing pressure and shows a linear relationship in the metal II phase. Electron-type carriers dominate in the semiconductor-like phase, but hole-type carriers dominate after the structural phase transition. Our work provides an example of the effective modulation of semiconductor-like properties by pressure, which is meaningful for the innovation and development of semiconductor technology.
Phase behavior and atomic dynamics in RbxNa1–x: insights from machine learning interatomic potentials based on ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Irie A , Koura A , Shimamura K , Shimojo F
Published: November 2024

Liquid alkali metal alloys have garnered significant attention because of their potential applications in coolant systems and batteries, driven by the need for environmental conservation and technological development. However, research on these complex systems is limited, necessitating a deeper understanding to ensure their safe and effective utilization. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the factors that determine the phase diagram of Rb
x
Na

1
−
x

. By reproducing the experimental results using the thermodynamic integration method and machine learning interatomic potentials based on ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we uncovered the delicate balance between the energy and entropy contributions that influence the phase stability of these liquid metal alloys. Further analysis of the liquid phase revealed the crucial roles of volume and atomic mass. Additionally, the coordination numbers of the atoms revealed distinct clustering behaviors, where Na atoms tended to avoid proximity to other Na atoms, whereas Rb atoms exhibited a strong tendency to cluster together. Moreover, the diffusion dynamics further illustrated the asymmetry in the behavior of Rb and Na, with Rb showing increased diffusion at higher concentrations and Na exhibiting higher diffusion at lower concentrations. These findings offer significant insights into the phase stability and the dynamic and structural properties of these complex liquid metal alloys.
Research on the sensing properties and vibration reduction performance of self-sensing self-tuning magnetic fluid damper
Authors: Zhang Mingmin , Yang Wenrong
Published: November 2024

The semi-active control damping system has gained popularity due to its quick response time and versatility. However, external sensors are susceptible to environmental interference, affecting system reliability and increasing complexity and maintenance costs, restricting their use. To address this, a self-sensing self-tuning magnetic fluid damper (SSMFD) is proposed. The vibration-measuring induction coil is wound on the damper to sense the magnetic fluid vibration information in real time, and the vibration signal is communicated to the self-tuning control circuit. The control circuit calculates and determines the dominant frequency of structural vibration, then outputs the relevant current signal to set the damper’s natural frequency to track the excitation frequency, resulting in self-tuning vibration reduction. First, the self-sensing unit’s output induced electromotive force model is created, followed by an expression of the damper’s natural frequency, indicating that the self-sensing unit can achieve self-tuning vibration reduction by tracking the excitation frequency. The multi-field coupling simulation model of the magnetic fluid damper is generated, and the induction coil coupling mode and damper excitation angle are defined to obtain the maximum induced voltage. Finally, an experimental platform was developed to assess the damper’s self-sensing and self-tuning vibration reduction performance. The experimental results show that the proposed SSMFD performs well, making it a feasible solution for achieving self-sensing and self-tuning vibration reduction.
An adaptive method for predicting bearing remaining useful life across various degradation stages
Authors: Sun Aoyun , Miao Xiaodong , Xu Kun , Jia Chao
Published: November 2024

Bearing degradation is a multi-stage, multi-trend and highly complex process, significant information discrepancies and extreme imbalances exist in degradation data across different stages. These complexities hinder the accuracy of predictive model in predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) throughout all stages of the bearing’s degradation. In this paper, a novel prediction model based on adaptive convolutional neural network (ACNN)-multiple kernel convolutional long short-term memory (MKConvLSTM) is proposed, which utilizes adaptive feature extraction and multi-scale dynamic selection to solve the problem of multi-stage, multi trend and highly complex information in bearing degradation. First, the ACNN is used to perform convolutional feature extraction and adaptive mapping on input samples, effectively distinguishing the degradation stages. Then, the MKConvLSTM generates features at different time scales and dynamically selects these features to capture temporal information during the degradation process, enriching the model’s capability to represent complex information and improving its predictive performance. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, experiments were conducted on the PHM2012 datasets and XJTU datasets. The MAE and RMSE of ACNN-MKConvLSTM reaches 0.078 and 0.099 on the first dataset, 0.086 and 0.107 on the second dataset, respectively. Approximately 20% improvement Compared to the baseline model, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the model exhibits high accuracy and robustness in bearing RUL prediction, effectively addressing the impact of feature variations across different degradation stages on prediction performance.
A transfer learning model for rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on texture loss strategy and nuclear norm regularization
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Yue Xiaofeng , Liu Zeyuan
Published: November 2024

In recent years, transfer learning (TL) approaches have seen extensive application in diagnosing bearing faults due to their exceptional performance. However, mechanical noise, equipment aging, and wear lead to notable disparities and differences in the multi-level feature distributions across the source and target domain signals. The issue is addressed by proposing a TL model based on a texture loss strategy and nuclear norm regularization method. First, a feature-enhanced network is designed, which significantly improves the ability to capture local details and long-range dependencies by combining a multi-scale feature extraction module with a dilated residual module. Next, a texture loss strategy is proposed to align multi-scale features across domains by minimizing the Gram matrix of signal features. Finally, a nuclear norm regularization method is proposed to perform low-rank approximation on the signal matrix, facilitating the extraction of more robust feature data and mitigating the risk of overfitting. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieved an average accuracy of 98.58% on the University of Ottawa bearing fault dataset and 98.11% on the Jiangnan University bearing dataset, surpassing eight other algorithms in bearing fault diagnosis.
Development and optimization of metal silicide EUV pellicle for 400W EUV lithography
Authors: Choi Munsu , Park Chulkyun , Hong Juhee
Published: November 2024

In the extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) process, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pellicles serve as thin, transparent membranes that shield the photomask (reticle) from particle contamination, thereby preserving photomask pattern integrity, reducing chip failure risks, and enhancing production yields. The production of EUV pellicles is highly challenging due to their mechanical fragility at nanometer-scale thicknesses and the need to endure the rigorous conditions of the EUVL environment, which include high temperatures and hydrogen radicals. Consequently, extensive research has been conducted on a variety of materials, such as carbon-based and silicon-based substances, for the development of EUV pellicles. This study explores the feasibility of implementing metal silicide (MeSi
x
) pellicles for high-power EUVL applications. We successfully fabricated MeSi
x
pellicles in two dimensions: a 10 mm × 10 mm sample and a full-size 110 mm × 144 mm pellicle. We then evaluated their optical, mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties, as well as their lifespan. The pellicles demonstrated over 90% transmittance and less than 0.04% reflectance. The films exhibited a deflection of 300 μm under a 2 Pa differential pressure and an ultimate tensile strength exceeding 2 GPa. The thermal emissivity was measured at 0.3. Additionally, the durability of the pellicles was validated through exposure to 20,000 wafers using a 400 W EUV power (offline test: 20 W cm−2). The transmittance variations of the pellicles were evaluated by comparing the measurements obtained before and after exposure to 400 W EUV power.
A unified framework for the analysis of accuracy and stability of a class of approximate Gaussian filters for the Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Biswas Animikh , Branicki Michał
Published: November 2024

Bayesian state estimation of a dynamical system utilising a stream of noisy measurements is important in many geophysical and engineering applications. In these cases, nonlinearities, high (or infinite) dimensionality of the state space, and sparse observations pose key challenges for deriving efficient and accurate data assimilation (DA) techniques. A number of DA algorithms used commonly in practice, such as the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) or Ensemble Square Root Kalman Filter (EnSRKF), suffer from serious drawbacks such as catastrophic filter divergence and filter instability. The analysis of stability and accuracy of these DA schemes has thus far focused either on finite-dimensional dynamics, or on complete observations in case of infinite-dimensional dissipative systems. We develop a unified framework for the analysis of several well-known and empirically efficient DA techniques derived from various Gaussian approximations of the Bayesian filtering schemes for geophysical-type dissipative dynamics with quadratic nonlinearities. We establish rigorous results on (time-asymptotic) accuracy and stability of these algorithms with general covariance and observation operators. The accuracy and stability results for EnKF and EnSRKF for dissipative PDEs are, to the best of our knowledge, completely new in this general setting. It turns out that a hitherto unexploited cancellation property involving the ensemble covariance and observation operators and the concept of covariance localization in conjunction with covariance inflation play a pivotal role in the accuracy and stability for EnKF and EnSRKF. Our approach also elucidates the links, via determining functionals, between the approximate-Bayesian and control-theoretic approaches to DA. We consider the ‘model’ dynamics governed by the two-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations (NSEs) and observations given by noisy measurements of averaged volume elements or spectral/modal observations of the velocity field. In this setup, several continuous-time DA techniques, namely the so-called 3DVar, EnKF and EnSRKF reduce to a stochastically forced NSEs. For the first time, we derive conditions for accuracy and stability of EnKF and EnSRKF. The derived bounds are given for the limit supremum of the expected value of the L
2 norm and of the

H

1

Sobolev norm of the difference between the approximating solution and the actual solution as the time tends to infinity. Moreover, our analysis reveals an interplay between the resolution of the observations (roughly, the ‘richness’ of the observation space) associated with the observation operator underlying the DA algorithms and covariance inflation and localization which are employed in practice for improved filter performance.
On the area rate of perturbed Siegel disks
Authors: Qiao Jianyong , Qu Hongyu
Published: November 2024

In the famous work by Buff and Chéritat constructing quadratic Julia sets with positive area, the control of the shape of perturbed Siegel disks is a key technique. To do it, Buff and Chéritat added a restrictive condition on rotation numbers. In this paper, we show that this restrictive condition is not necessary. As a consequence, more quadratic Julia sets with positive area can be constructed.