bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brain Stimulation and Methamphetamine in Iran: A Debate in the Most Populous Persian Gulf Country
Authors:   Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Massah Omid
Published: July 2021

Methamphetamine dependence has been known as a serious health problem in a large proportion of illicit drug users in Iran. Compared with the opium problem, methamphetamine dependence is a new epidemic concern in Iran. The prevalence of methamphetamine dependence is associated with crucial health problems such as poor psychological well-being, social dysfunction, craving, and a higher rate of addiction severity. This issue necessitates professional attention to the rehabilitation of methamphetamine users and treatment of craving. To date, few research studies have been conducted on this health concern. Studies in Iran indicate that methamphetamine craving shows resistance to treatment. While few pharmacological treatments have been found to be effective, motivational interviewing, matrix model and cognitive-behavioral therapy have been all evaluated in Iran to treat methamphetamine craving. However, the treatment effects need to be more long-lasting. Previous studies show that methamphetamine users lapse and relapse for a variety of reasons include “pleasure-seeking”/“impulsivity”/“habits”/“pain avoidance”/“craving”/“bad feelings eliminating such as boredom & loneliness” which have a strong neurological basis in the central nervous system and emotions and decisions that result from them. Thus we should use a range of different modalities to treat and prevent relapse.
Spinal Manifestations of Neurofibromatosis: An Update
Authors:   Orthopedic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Haddadi Kaveh , Kargar Soleiman Abad Saeed ,   Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Hashemie Amir Seiied Mohammad ,   Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Pooladi Mehdi ,   Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Background and Aim: Neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1) is a common genetic condition in children. It is becoming increasingly recognized that in neurofibromatosis, there might be anomalous development of bone with or without any local anomaly of neuroectodermal basis. This review was conducted to highlight the different features of spinal disorders in this congenital disease. Methods and Materials: Different search engines were used in this research. After going through the results and discarding the repeated ones, 2 reviewers began to inspect the studies independent of one another. In case of any disagreements between the reviewers over the inclusion of certain research material into the study, the final decision was made by the senior author. In the end, accepted research materials were used as needed in categorizing different types of spinal injuries. Results: Skeletal defects are among the most effective complications on the quality of life of patients. Bone deformities, osteoporosis, osteopenia, reduction of bone mass density, and spinal osteopathy such as scoliosis among such defects. Although the relative prevalence of spinal defects in neurofibromatosis type 1 is not clear, scoliosis can be considered the most common type of spinal deformity in this illness to the point it is present in 10 to 71% of cases. Thus, spine surgeons may face numerous common challenging conditions in NF1 patients like scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, and dural ectasia. Conclusion: As NF1 distresses several organ systems, radiologic spine screening is important in patients with NF1 and patients are likely to profit most from a multidisciplinary treatment policy.
Chronic Bilateral Calcified Subdural Empyema: An Unusual Complication of a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
Authors:   Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Hospital of Thies, Thies, Senegal., Diop Abdoulaye , Faye Mohameth ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Hospital of Thies, Thies, Senegal., Ilunga Mulumba Roger ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Hospital of Thies, Thies, Senegal., Codé Ba Momar ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Hospital of Thies, Thies, Senegal., Boubacar Badiane2 Seydou ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Hospital of Thies, Thies, Senegal.
Published: July 2021

Background and Importance: Subdural empyema is a rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunts. The ventriculoperitoneal shunt is a common technique used in the treatment of hydrocephalus. It is often plagued with multiple complications, especially infectious ones. However, the appearance of infectious complications related to ventriculoperitoneal shunt remotely from surgery is rather unusual. Case Presentation: Through this observation, we are reporting an unusual case of chronic bilateral calcified subdural empyema which occurred 8 years after ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery. The child underwent a bilateral craniotomy in order to evacuate the empyema and meanwhile remove the valve. One month later, the empyema relapsed along with active hydrocephalus. Consequently, the implementation of an external ventricular shunt was performed and the child benefited from adapted antibiotic therapy. After the infection was treated, a second ventriculoperitoneal shunt valve was implemented. Afterwards, the evolution was favorable, the child retained a discrete left hemiparesis as a sequel. Conclusion: This observation is reporting the existence of late morbidity due to the insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal valve; which shows that a regular and prolonged follow-up is necessary in children with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt valve.
A Rare Case of Sacrococcygeal Teratoma With Medullar Invasion
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Surgery, School of Medicine, Mother and Child Hospital, Mohammed VI Teaching Hospital, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakesh, Morocco., Aballa Najoua , Ghannane Houssine ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, School of Medicine, Mother and Child Hospital, Mohammed VI Teaching Hospital, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakesh, Morocco., Oulad Saiad Mohamed ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, School of Medicine, Mother and Child Hospital, Mohammed VI Teaching Hospital, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakesh, Morocco.
Published: July 2021

Background and Importance: Sacrococcygeal Teratoma (SCT) with medular invasion is rare. Case Presentation: We report a case of an 11-month male infant, with no prenatal history of any abnormality, presenting since birth, a mass in the buttock extended to retrorectum associated with a right side hypotonic limb and monoplegia. Medullar and abdominal pelvic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed a sacrococcygeal tissue mass and intradural lumbosacral invasion with a high level of alpha-fetoprotein. Surgical excision was done successfully with an uneventful follow-up. Conclusion: Despite of the intradural invasion, those SCT are in major cases mature and present low risk of malignancy or recurrence.
Prediction of Overweight/Obesity by Anthropometric Indices in Male Students
Authors:   Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran., Estiri Zahra , Hejazi Keyvan ,   Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Anthropometric indices such as body mass index, Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), and Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) are used to identify adolescent obesity and overweight because of their easiness, safety, and accuracy of measurement. This study aimed to evaluate the anthropometric indices in predicting overweight/obesity in male students. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 162 male students of Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar City, Iran, were selected by a simple stratified-random sampling method. The checkerboard and New York test were used to check for musculoskeletal abnormalities. Body composition indices, including height, weight, body mass index, WC, hip circumference, WHR, and WHtR, were measured. The obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA test and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC). Results: Mean values WC, WHR, the WHtR in different groups of body mass index were significantly different. The area under the curve for WC (P=0.001), WHR (P=0.001), and WHtR (P=0.001) had a significant difference, too. Conclusion: The present study showed that the area under the curve for WHR has better detective ability for overweight and obesity than other variables such as WC and WHtR.
Conhecimento de gestantes de uma comunidade carente sobre os exames de detecção precoce do câncer cérvico-uterino e de mama
Authors: Fernandes Rosa Aurea Quintella , Narchi Nádia Zanon
Published: July 2021

O câncer ginecológico apresenta um alto índice de morbi-mortalidade no Brasil, representando grave problema de saúde pública, apesar das campanhas informativas e da maior participação das mulheres na sociedade em busca da cidadania. A relevância do tema despertou o interesse na realização desse trabalho descritivo, exploratório e quantitativo, que teve por objetivo identificar o conhecimento de gestantes sobre os exames de detecção precoce do câncer cérvico-uterino e de mama. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevista aplicada a 49 gestantes que participaram de grupos de promoção à saúde em uma comunidade carente do município de São Paulo. Os resultados revelaram que 75% das mulheres conhecem o exame colpocitológico e o associam à detecção de problemas no útero e que 63,3% colheu o exame há um ano ou menos havendo, em 29% dos casos, sido detectado algum tipo problema e, em 27%, desconhecimento do resultado. Em relação ao auto-exame de mama, 53% não souberam explicar o que significa e 59% disseram não saber realizá-lo. Concluiu-se pela necessidade de veicular a informação e incrementar os métodos de comunicação a fim de facilitar às gestantes o acesso ao conhecimento e provocar as transformações esperadas quanto ao seu comportamento em saúde.
Estimativas sobre a Incidência e Mortalidade por Câncer no Brasil - 2002
Authors: Kligerman Jacob
Published: July 2021

Informações sobre as neoplasias malignas, em termos de magnitude, distribuição geográfica e temporal, e de acordo com as localizações tumorais, constituem a base fundamental de um sistema de vigilância do câncer.
Sintomas de Fadiga e Força Muscular Respiratória de Pacientes Onco-hematológicos em Quimioterapia
Authors: Paiva Bianca Kemmilly Rodrigues , Sarandini Yohana Machado , Silva Amanda Estevão da
Published: July 2021

Introdução: Quando exposto a quimioterapia, o paciente onco-hematológico esta suscetível a varias complicações físicas e respiratórias, associadas aos efeitos colaterais dessas substancias. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de forca muscular respiratória quando comparada com os níveis de normalidade e sintomatologia de fadiga, durante recebimento do tratamento quimioterapêutico de pacientes onco-hematológicos. Método: Pesquisa observacional do tipo transversal, realizada por meio de questionário referente aos dados sociodemográficos e de manovacuometria com dispositivo analógico. Resultados: A pesquisa foi constituída por uma população composta de 19 pessoas, 57,9% mulheres e 42,9% homens. A idade média foi de 51,3 anos. A predominância diagnostica foi leucemia, seguida por linfoma e mieloma. Entre as queixas, a dispneia esteve presente em 31,6% dos casos, sendo a quimioterapia o protocolo escolhido para todos os participantes. Durante a avaliação, 52,6% relataram cansaço e, entre eles, 70% relataram sentir-se melhor quando em repouso, seguidos por 50% impedidos de realizar suas atividades diárias. Ex-fumantes representaram 70% da população pesquisada e 84,2% não praticavam atividades físicas. Na amostra, 62,4% apresentaram frequência respiratória normal, predominando o padrão respiratório apical e o tórax longilíneo. Foram observados resultados significativos na diminuição de Pimáx e Pemáx, com valores estatisticamente conclusivos de p<0,001 nas duas variáveis. Conclusão: O quadro da doença, os tratamentos utilizados e as internações a que essa população foi submetida provocaram a diminuição da forca muscular respiratória e o aumento dos sintomas de fadiga.
La retórica de la represión: vigilar y hacinar en "Fuerzas Especiales" de Damiela Eltit
Authors: Arancibia Venegas Felipe
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo analiza el libro Fuerzas Especiales (2013) en cuanto a cómo ciertos elementos claves de la novela, a saber: hacinamiento, pobreza y violencia circunscriben las subjetividades de sus protagonistas generando una inmutable tensión. Se examina el lenguaje utilizado por Eltit en referencia a las figuras retóricas utilizadas y cómo estas constituyen un discurso letal y violento cuya lectura se ve desplazada hacia territorios oscuros e intrincados. Estos territorios son dominados por un Estado cuya esencia se devela por medio de una retórica que es social y políticamente alegorizada por medio de un lenguaje físico y simbólico –la retórica de la represión– que conmina a sus personajes a ser parte de una dialéctica que encarcela y confina sus vidas y almas pero que, de igual forma, abre la posibilidad de resistir estoicamente una ideología segregadora que vigila y restringe todo atisbo de emancipación.
Marco Antonio De La Ossa Martínez. La Semana de Música Religiosa de Cuenca (2001-2019). Protagonistas, obras y gestión. Granada: Libargo, 2020, 326 pp.
Authors: Sánchez Rodríguez Virginia
Published: July 2021

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Assessment of living standards of the Ukrainian population
Authors:   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, O. G. Honcharenko
Published: July 2021

The relevance of the article. The level of living standards as economic category characterizes not only the state of social and economic system but it is a necessary condition for its development. The relevance of scientific research on implementation of living standards of the country’s copulation is due to the need of systematization of economic features, which allow to determine objectively the level of poverty and will ensure the realization of an effective social state policy. Purpose setting is in the studying the population lives problems regarding the trade transformation of national economy and its reasons analyses, which lead to the high poverty level in Ukraine, and also the ways to overcome this phenomenon. Presentation of the main material. Poverty is a multifaceted socio-economic phenomenon that is inherent in any country in the world, regardless of its level of economic prosperity. Today, there are many interpretations that characterize “poverty” as a condition in which a person can not achieve the appropriate level of welfare in this society. The article deals with the causes of poverty and outlines the interdependent factors that influence it. It is defined that living standards of the population depends on the state of the national economy and its macroeconomic indicators (gross output of the enterprise per head of the population, rate of unemployment, real salaries and others). It is proved that the main reasons of poverty are classified into three groups: economic (low oncome, low spending capacity, social policy failure, unemployment and inflation), political (imperfection of the labor legislation, state social policy failure) and social (low level of accomplishments, the polarization of society, social vulnerability). In 2020 the poverty rate in Ukraine increased to 43 per cent, which means that nearly 6 million citizens are living below the poverty line, among which multi-child families, single parents with young children, families with children under age 3, single pensioners over 65 years of age are the most vulnerable categories. It is found out that barriers to getting out of the poverty are the following: reduction of market for the goods and services, monopoly existence and corruption. It is actualized that increasing of welfare payments doesn’t reduce the poverty problem in the country. Conclusions. Poverty is a socio-economic phenomenon in which a person cannot achieve the appropriate level of well-being in society. According to the World Bank, Ukraine “remains one of the poorest countries in the region” in terms of Gross Domestic Product per capita, and according to official UN data, more than 60% of Ukraine’s population is below the poverty line. And despite the statistics, raising the minimum wage should not be a top priority for social policy, and public institutions should use a variety of tools. Key words: living standards, poverty, social protection, income.
ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНІ ОБ’ЄКТИ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ: КОМПЛЕМЕНТАРНІСТЬ ТА ВІДМІННІСТЬ
Authors: Никифоров Анатолій
Published: July 2021

Стаття присвячена актуальним питанням визначення сутності та ознак інтелектуального потенціалу країни; розкриваються спільні та відмінні риси інтелектуального потенціалу та інтелектуального капіталу; обґрунтовується структура та характеристики складових інтелектуального потенціалу; досліджується система факторів, що формують інтелектуальний потенціал; висвітлюється роль ринку та держави у трансформації інтелектуальних ресурсів, мобілізації інтелектуального потенціалу та формуванні інтелектуального капіталу. Досліджується ресурсний генезис інтелектуального потенціалу. Інтелектуальні ресурси класифікуються на: людський інтелект, штучний інтелект та інтелектуальні продукти.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ ЗАЛУЧЕННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙ У ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ: КРАУДФАНДІНГ
Authors: Піляк Олександр , Джусов Олексiй
Published: July 2021

Стаття присвячена розгляду можливості застосування сучасного інструментарію (краудфандінга) для залучення інвестицій для прискорення розвитку туризму в Україні та отримання від нього достатньої віддачі для економіки країни і суспільства в цілому. Розглянуто теоретичні та практичні аспекти новітнього інструменту фінансування проектів - краудфандінг. Охарактеризована сутність краудфандінгу, його технічні і технологічні особливості, а також виділено полюси та мінуси краудфандінга як інструменту залучення інвестицій, його основні учасників взаємодіючі в рамках процесу даного інструменту залучення інвестицій : краудфандінгова платформа, реципієнт і донори. Автором розроблена наочна технологічна схема взаємодії учасників в системі краудфандінга, охарактеризовані моделі краудфандінга, та основні типи краудфандінга в Україні.
ДЕТЕРМІНАНТИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ В СИСТЕМІ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ РЕГІОНУ
Authors: Василюк Софія , Шафієва Лейла
Published: July 2021

Визначено, що станом на сьогодення ключові проблеми економічної політики пов’язані з паралельним існуванням регулятивних механізмів на національному та міжнародному рівні, за участю інституціонального контексту визначення економічної політики, а також з розробкою рекомендацій, які забезпечували б оптимізацію функціонування економічної системи в умовах заданих політичних обмежень. Обґрунтовано, що на передній план виходить завдання визначення детермінантів економічної політики в системі сталого розвитку регіону і створення на їх основі комплексного підходу, що дозволяє здійснювати аналіз процесів становлення економічної політики як на національному, так і на міжнародному рівні. Обґрунтовано, що внаслідок наявності конкуренції між регіонами за залучення інвестицій, виникають регіональні детермінанти. Виокремлено індивідуальні, корпоративні, галузеві та макроекономічні детермінанти економічної політики. Запропоновані нові напрями удосконалення регіональної політики в системі сталого розвитку регіону.
АНАЛІЗ РИЗИКІВ У ПРОЕКТАХ ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРИВАТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА
Authors: Козак Людмила , Ніжнік Анастасія
Published: July 2021

У статті розглядаються методичні аспекти аналізу проектних ризиків, що виникають при реалізації проектів державно-приватного партнерства. Зазначені особливості, що характеризують ризики з урахуванням їх динамічності та неможливості бути постійними та прогнозованими. Розкривається питання стратегій оцінки ризиків по контрактам державно-приватного партнерства. Систематизовані стратегії оцінки ризику та наведені характеристики кожної стратегії оцінки ризику, які використовуються партнерами. Розглянуто чотири загальні стратегії зменшення ризику по проектам державно-приватного партнерства. Доведена необхідність включення SPV (проектних компанії) для розподілу ризиків між партнерами. Надані інструменти зменшення ризику у проектах державно-приватного партнерства для державного сектору.
ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ ОПЕРАЦІЙ З ІМПОРТУ ТОВАРІВ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ СЕРТИФІКАТУ EUR.1
Authors: Прохар Наталія , Мілька Алла , Орищенко Марина
Published: July 2021

У статті досліджено особливості документального оформлення й оподаткування операцій з імпорту товарів. Розкрито нормативно-правове регулювання імпортних операцій. Розглянуто обов’язкові реквізити первинних товаросупроводжуючих документів та порядок їх складання й оформлення. Наведено порядок обчислення митної вартості товарів та розрахунку митних платежів, а саме ПДВ й мита. Виокремлено базовий та додатковий перелік первинних документів. Розглянуто особливості формування показників вантажної митної декларації та контролю бухгалтером сум податків, що підлягають сплаті. З метою оптимізації оподаткування імпортних операцій обґрунтовано необхідність отримання від іноземного контрагента сертифікату EUR.1, який підтверджує походження товарів і дає право провести митне очищення вантажу з використанням преференційної ставки мита. Доведено зниження митних платежів третини вартості товарів.
ОСНОВИ АНАЛІЗУ ОСНОВНИХ ЗАСОБІВ В УСТАНОВАХ ДЕРЖАВНОГО СЕКТОРУ
Authors: Беженар Альона
Published: July 2021

У статті розглянуто види аналізу основних засобів бюджетної установи з врахуванням специфіки діяльності цієї установи. Під час аналізу необхідно враховувати, що основні засоби бюджетної установи не беруть участі у виробництві матеріальних благ. Такі матеріальні активи використовуються у процесі створення і надання нематеріальних послуг суспільству. Сформульовано мету та інформаційне забезпечення основних засобів бюджетної установи. Проведено горизонтальний аналіз нефінансових активів ДВНЗ «КНЕУ ім. В. Гетьмана», визначено коефіцієнтний аналіз, фондомісткість і фондоозброєність бюджетної установи та проведено аналіз рівню застарілості основних засобів, рівню оновленості и т.д.
ОЦІНКА БЕЗПЕКИ БАНКІВСЬКОГО СЕКТОРУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Демченко Оксана
Published: July 2021

У статті проведено оцінку фінансової безпеки банківського сектору України на основі індикаторного методу, що включає сім індикаторів. Показники оцінено у динаміці за 2015-2020 роки та виявлено тенденції. Встановлено, що єдиним індикатором, значення якого упродовж досліджуваного періоду відповідало оптимальному рівню, є показник співвідношення ліквідних активів до короткострокових зобов`язань. Стан всіх інших досліджуваних індикаторів фінансової безпеки банківського сектору за період 2015-2020 рр. охарактеризовано як критичний або задовільний. Проведено нормування досліджених показників та здійснено розрахунок інтегрального індикатора фінансової безпеки банківського сектору України. Оцінено зміну інтегрального індикатора фінансової безпеки банківського сектору України у динаміці. Зроблено висновки та запропоновані заходи підвищення рівня фінансової безпеки банківського сектору України.
2D vs. 3D Numerical Approaches for Fish Habitat Evaluation of a Large River — Is 2D Modeling Sufficient?
Authors: Füstös Vivien , Erős Tibor , Józsa János
Published: July 2021

Computational Fluid Dynamics is an effective tool for assessing non-present conditions, thus also in habitat evaluation within ecohydraulics. Deciding whether to apply a one-, two- or three-dimensional numerical approach, is an optimization that needs to be performed by every task, given the capability and the demands of specific approaches. In this paper we compare the utility of two-dimensional (2D) versus three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamical simulations for ecohydraulic purposes. The basis of the comparation were 1) three simulated abiotic variables: water depth, depth averaged flow velocity and bed material composition, and 2) an overall performance in a meso-scale fish habitat evaluation, based on the simulated three variables. The biotic parameters for the models were the habitat suitability curves of three fish species, the Danube streber (Zingel streber), the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and the white bream (Blicca bjoerkna). We found that in terms of ecohydraulic utilization, the 2D approach performed sufficiently to simulate the hydrodynamics of a large river. The errors originating from the 3D-2D simplification yielded negligible differences in habitat evaluation, and the agreement in the habitat suitability indices calculated from the simulated metrics was satisfactory. Henceforth, the theory was turned into an application as we performed habitat mapping on a 100 km long, Hungarian reach of the Danube River, with the abiotic parameters resulting from a 2D hydrodynamical simulation. The possibility of simplifying the approach from 3D to 2D provides a cost-efficient numerical tool at larger scales for ecohydraulic studies, and especially for evaluating habitat suitability of riverine fish.
Fontes de adubos orgânicos na produção de rúcula
Authors: Andrade Cruz Lucas Kevin , Ruffino Gabriel Marostegan , Pelvine Raíra Andrade , Cardoso Antonio Ismael Inácio
Published: July 2021

Tem-se observado um aumento na produção de rúcula em sistema orgânico, porém, existem poucos estudos com adubação orgânica na produção dessa hortaliça. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho, avaliar a produção de rúcula, com três fontes de adubos orgânicos antes do plantio, e duas fontes em cobertura. Foram avaliados seis tratamentos, com cinco repetições, no delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: controle sem adubação; apenas adubação de plantio (AP) com esterco bovino (EB); apenas AP com EB + torta de mamona (TM); apenas AP com EB + bokashi (BOK); AP com EB e adubação de cobertura (AC) com TM; AP com EB e AC com BOK. A combinação de EB com TM ou BOK no plantio e AP com EB + AC com TM foram os tratamentos superiores ao controle para todas as características relacionadas à produção. Obteve-se maior número de folhas, massa fresca por planta e altura das plantas no tratamento de AP com EB + AC com TM (27,9, 34,1 g e 33 cm, respectivamente). A incorporação de TM ou BOK pode ser feita no plantio, junto com o EB, visando diminuir custos com mão de obra, em comparação a aplicação em cobertura.
Agroecologia no Cerrado
Authors: Canavesi Flaviane Carvalho
Published: July 2021

A Agroecologia, a partir de princípios, conceitos e metodologias, permite estudos e desenhos de agroecossistemas para avançar em estilos de agriculturas de bases sustentáveis conforme nos ensinou Francisco Roberto Caporal (2008), um dos grandes estudiosos do tema no Brasil, que nos deixou recentemente. À Francisco Roberto Caporal, a Revista Brasileira de Agroecologia presta suas homenagens.
Não é raro o bioma Cerrado, presente em toda a região Centro-Oeste, além de estados do Norte, Nordeste e Sudeste ser associado ao constructo do “Cerrado-celeiro” valorizando efeitos de uma fronteira de agricultura industrial, em larga escala, "sem nenhuma referência à sua rica biodiversidade, a seus serviços ambientais e à presença de vários povos e comunidades tradicionais” (GUÉNEAU, DINIZ, PASSOS, 2020).
Estudar o Cerrado e compreender os diferentes modos de vida e agriculturas que aí se encontram deve ser uma das bases de estudos agroecológicos que podem acumular conhecimentos e propostas de agendas de políticas públicas, capazes de dar visibilidade a estilos mais sustentáveis de agricultura.
The Effect of Problem Solving Learning Models on Students' Understanding of Physics Concepts
Authors: Sijabat Apriani , Sianipar Herna Febrianty , Siahaan Theresia Monika , Sijabat Osco P.
Published: July 2021

The goal of this study is to see how problem-solving learning paradigms affect students' grasp of physics ideas. This study is a quasi-experimental study. The sample was chosen using the cluster random class methodology, which consisted of two classes, the first of which was taught using a problem-solving learning model and the second of which was taught using traditional methods. Experiment classes provide problem-solving opportunities to help students better understand physics ideas, while control classes are taught in a traditional manner. Pre- and post-test results from students in both classes were used to collect data. The two-way Anava-test was applied, and the level of significance was found to be 0.000 (sig. 0.05), indicating that problem solving learning is beneficial in improving students’ understanding of physics concepts.
Profile of Students' Critical Thinking Skills and the Implementation of PBLRQA based on Blended Learning in Senior High School
Authors: Badriyah Febtya Lailatul , Mubarok Husni , Prahani Binar Kurnia
Published: July 2021

This research aimed to obtain the profile of students' critical thinking skills and the implementation of PBLRQA based on blended learning in high school. This research is a descriptive preliminary study with a saturated sampling technique was taken by 123 students. The method of gathering information with a used a written test, response questionnaire students, and teacher interviews. The analysis was conducted using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The result showed that critical thinking skills in the very low category. With the acquisitions of the very low category as many as namely 110 students, the low category as many as 12 students being low, the medium category as many as and 1 student, but in the high and very high categories there are no students who achieve it. The research of the study concluded that the students generally in low critical thinking skills, so it is necessary to change the learning model to improve critical thinking skills, namely by the implementation of PBLRQA based on blended learning.
Validity and Practicality of Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model Learning Tools to Improve Students' Conceptual Understanding
Authors: Hidayati Siti , Susilawati Susilawati , Harjono Ahmad
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to develop a valid and feasible problem-based learning tool to improve students' conceptual understanding. This research is a development research using the 4D model. In addition to developing science teaching materials, this research also develops syllabus, lesson plans, and concept understanding instruments. This research was conducted in one of the SMPN Lombok Timur. The validation of learning products was carried out by three validators, media experts and material experts. Expert validation data analysis was carried out using the Pearson validation formula. The results of the feasibility study of integrated student worksheet obtained an average value of 80.6% with very valid criteria. The syllabus got an average score of 77.8%, lesson plans got an average score of 78.2%, and the instrument got an average score of 78%. The average learning tools got an average score of 78.75%. The results of practicality obtained an average practicality of the teacher and student questionnaire responses of 78.75%, while the learning implementation sheet was 77.66%. In conclusion, problem-based learning model learning tools were valid and practical to improve students' conceptual understanding.
Difficult and Failed Tracheal Intubation in Obstetrics: A Seven-year Review in a Saudi Maternity Hospital
Authors: E. Edem Bassey , Elbeltagy Khaled M.F.
Published: July 2021

Background: Airway difficulty is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity during caesarean section (CS) under general anaesthesia. Though general anaesthesia is safe, the changes associated with pregnancy make securing airway more difficult. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern and factors associated with airway difficulty in the parturient in the region. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study of parturients who suffered airway difficulty during caesarean section under general anaesthesia over seven-year period. Their medical records were reviewed and data collected included total CS done under general anaesthesia, age, weight, nature of airway difficulty, coexisting diseases, and timing of surgery, outcomes and Apgar scores. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23 for Windows®. Results: General anaesthesia was used in 51.3% of 10,275 CS with 42 documented as “difficult airway” giving 0.8% incidence and incidence ratio of 1:125. Failed intubation was recorded in 58% while difficult intubation was 42% of those with difficult airway. Among these, the CS was in 55% of cases “emergent”. The mean age was 33.32±5.96 years. The weight ranged from 60 to 163kg. Over 58% weighed more than 90kg. In 50% of cases, the airway was rescued with LMA and in 50%, reintubation succeeded. Outcome was good for mother and fetus in all cases. Conclusion: Obstetric airway difficulty remains a valid concern. Effort should be made to use regional anaesthesia to reduce the risk. High awareness and preparation during obstetric general anaesthesia are recommended.
Low irradiance amplifies negative effects of ocean acidification on recruitment of coralline algae communities
Authors: Kluibenschedl A , Lamare MD , Nelson WA , Barr NG , Hepburn CD
Published: July 2021

Coralline algae play foundational roles in coastal ecosystems and are globally significant components of benthic habitats down to the limits of the photic zone. Despite their vulnerability to ocean acidification (OA) and importance in low light environments, there is a limited understanding of how the interplay between irradiance and OA influences coralline reproduction and recruitment. To better understand this interaction, a 212 d experiment was run exposing coralline communities to 2 pH levels (present-day pH 8.03, OA pH 7.65) and a gradient of daily light dose (0.35, 0.17 and 0.1 mol m-2 d-1), based on in situ measurements. In the highest light dose treatment, lowered seawater pH projected for 2100 (pH(T) 7.65) reduced recruitment by 56%. This OA-driven reduction in recruitment was amplified under reduced light, with recruitment near zero in the lowest light treatment. This study shows, for the first time, the increased vulnerability of coralline community recruitment to OA under low light. Coralline algae are known to be the deepest growing macroalgae and thus, in these low light zones, OA may have the potential to reduce coralline depth distribution.
Finding the neural correlates of consciousness will not solve all our problems
Authors: Overgaard Morten S. , Kirkeby-Hinrup Asger
Published: July 2021

Subjective experience has often taken center stage in debates between competing conceptual theories of the mind. This is also a central object of concern in the empirical domain, and especially in the search for the neural correlates of consciousness (NCCs). By now, most of the competing conceptual theories of consciousness have become aligned with distinct hypotheses about the NCCs. These hypotheses are usually distinguished by reference to their proposed location of the NCCs. This difference in hypothesized location of the NCCs has tempted participants in these debates to infer that evidence indicating the location of the NCCs in one or the other brain region can be taken as direct evidence for or against a given conceptual theory of consciousness. We argue that this is an overestimation of the work finding the NCCs can do for us, and that there are principled reasons to resist this kind of inference. To show this we point out the lack of both an isomorphism and a homomorphism between the conceptual frameworks in which most theories are cached, and the kind of data we can get from neuroimaging. The upshot is that neural activation profiles are insufficient to distinguish between competing theories in the conceptual domain. We suggest two ways to go about ameliorating this issue.
You can't always get what you want
Authors: Schlicht Tobias , Dolega Krzysztof
Published: July 2021

The predictive processing framework has gained significant popularity across disciplines investigating the mind and brain. In this article we critically examine two of the recently made claims about the kind of headway that the framework can make in the neuroscientific and philosophical investigation of consciousness. Firstly, we argue that predictive processing is unlikely to yield significant breakthroughs in the search for the neural correlates of consciousness as it is still too vague to individuate neural mechanisms at a fine enough scale. Despite its unifying ambitions, the framework harbors a diverse family of competing computational models which rely on different assumptions and are under-constrained by neurological data. Secondly, we argue that the framework is also ill suited to provide a unifying theory of consciousness. Here, we focus on the tension between the claim that predictive processing is compatible with all of the leading neuroscientific models of consciousness with the fact that most attempts explaining consciousness within the framework rely heavily on external assumptions.
O mundo líquido e o direito penal: os desafios dessa relação na perspectiva da teoria dos sistemas de Niklas Luhmann
Authors: Tizzo Luis Gustavo Liberato , Alves Luciano Aparecido
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho pretende trazer a reflexão na perspectiva de um dos conceitos mais emblemáticos da contemporaneidade: o mundo líquido. Tendo como espeque a teoria dos sistemas de Niklas Luhmann, analisar como o sistema penal brasileiro vem evoluindo ante a complexidade das relações sociais hodierna. No mundo líquido, as condições sob as quais agem seus membros mudam num tempo mais curto do que aquele necessário para a consolidação, em hábitos e rotinas, das formas de agir, logo assim esse mundo jamais se mobiliza nem conserva sua forma por muito tempo, sendo peculiar sua complexidade. O direito penal, muito além de um conjunto normativo, ou um instrumento de controle social, constitui um sistema jurídico que vem respondendo a essa sociedade, seja por meio de tipos penais mais abrangentes, seja em tese, por um novo sistema, fato é, que a busca pela pacificação social e a tutela de bens jurídicos encontraram novos desafios nessa sociedade volátil e dinâmica, pelo simples fato de que a norma é fixa, positivada e o mundo possui fluidez. Portanto, a relação entre a norma e a sociedade é, em sua essência, contraditória. Ante a este horizonte, vislumbra a relação entre o sistema penal, autopoiético e autorreferenciado, uma desenfreada busca a estabilização nesse turbilhão que é o seu entorno, a sociedade líquida. É nesse ambiente nebuloso que reside a importância de uma abordagem que permita uma reflexão dos rumos que essa relação sistema e entorno possa resultar.
Endowing Orthopedic Implants’ Antibacterial, Antioxidation, and Osteogenesis Properties Through a Composite Coating of Nano-Hydroxyapatite, Tannic Acid, and Lysozyme
Authors: Wang Guofeng , Zhu Yaxin , Zan Xingjie , Li Meng
Published: July 2021

There is a substantial global market for orthopedic implants, but these implants still face the problem of a high failure rate in the short and long term after implantation due to the complex physiological conditions in the body. The use of multifunctional coatings on orthopedic implants has been proposed as an effective way to overcome a range of difficulties. Here, a multifunctional (TA@HA/Lys)n coating composed of tannic acid (TA), hydroxyapatite (HA), and lysozyme (Lys) was fabricated in a layer-by-layer (LBL) manner, where TA deposited onto HA firmly stuck Lys and HA together. The deposition of TA onto HA, the growth of (TA@HA/Lys)n, and multiple related biofunctionalities were thoroughly investigated. Our data demonstrated that such a hybrid coating displayed antibacterial and antioxidant effects, and also facilitated the rapid attachment of cells [both mouse embryo osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)] in the early stage and their proliferation over a long period. This accelerated osteogenesis in vitro and promoted bone formation in vivo. We believe that our findings and the developed strategy here could pave the way for multifunctional coatings not only on orthopedic implants, but also for additional applications in catalysts, sensors, tissue engineering, etc.
Rational Biological Interface Engineering: Amyloidal Supramolecular Microstructure-Inspired Hydrogel
Authors: Xuan Qize , Wang Yibing , Chen Chao , Wang Ping
Published: July 2021

Amyloidal proteins, which are prone to form fibrillar and ordered aggregates in vivo and in vitro, underlie the mechanism for neurodegenerative disorders and also play essential functions in the process of life. Amyloid fibrils typically adopt a distinctive β-sheet structure, which renders them with inherent extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking properties, such as powerful mechanical strength, promising adhesion, and antibacterial activity. Additionally, amyloidal proteins are a category of programmable self-assembled macromolecules, and their assembly and consequent nanostructure can be manipulated rationally. The above advantages motivate researchers to investigate the potential of amyloidal proteins as a novel type of hydrogel material. Currently, the amyloid-inspired hydrogel has become an emerging area and has been widely applied in a variety of biomedical fields, such as tissue repair, cell scaffolds, and drug delivery. In this review, we focus on the discussion of molecular mechanisms underlying the hydrogenation of amyloidal proteins, and introduce the advances achieved in biomedical applications of amyloid-inspired hydrogels.
Reparative and Maladaptive Inflammation in Tendon Healing
Authors: Arvind Varun , Huang Alice H.
Published: July 2021

Tendon injuries are common and debilitating, with non-regenerative healing often resulting in chronic disease. While there has been considerable progress in identifying the cellular and molecular regulators of tendon healing, the role of inflammation in tendon healing is less well understood. While inflammation underlies chronic tendinopathy, it also aids debris clearance and signals tissue repair. Here, we highlight recent findings in this area, focusing on the cells and cytokines involved in reparative inflammation. We also discuss findings from other model systems when research in tendon is minimal, and explore recent studies in the treatment of human tendinopathy to glean further insights into the immunobiology of tendon healing.
Impact of Measurement Uncertainty on Building Modeling and Retrofitting Decisions
Authors: Frei Mario , Hischier Illias , Deb Chirag , Sigrist Diego , Schlueter Arno
Published: July 2021

Retrofitting buildings is essential for improving the existing global building stock. Innovations in wireless sensor networks have provided new means for scalable and potentially low-cost solutions for evaluating optimal retrofit measures in a building. Building models are used to explore different retrofit options and to find effective combinations of retrofit measures for a building in question. This paper departs outlining a novel grey-box modeling process for building retrofit based on measurement data. However, it is unknown if the measurement data and, as a consequence, the retrofit analysis is affected by uncertainties due to measurement accuracy and other factors. Quantifying these uncertainties during the analysis process is important in the context of making effective retrofit decisions. Consequently, this work examines the influence of measurement uncertainties on the generation of the retrofit models and the suggested retrofit measures. The results illustrate that measurement uncertainty is manageable for retrofit decisions, i.e., the measurement uncertainties rarely influence the ranking of retrofit measures. However, reduced measurement uncertainties are beneficial for adequately sizing the building retrofit interventions. It is shown that measurement uncertainty of flow meter measurements and indoor temperature measurements have the biggest impact on the heat loss coefficient estimation error, which ranges overall from 3 to 26%. Further, it is shown that some retrofit measures are more sensitive to uncertainty in the input data, such as district heating and wood pellets boilers, compared to measures that include heat pumps.
RNA Demethylase FTO Mediated RNA m6A Modification Is Involved in Maintaining Maternal-Fetal Interface in Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Qiu Weiyu , Zhou Yuexi , Wu Haiwang , Lv Xiaoli , Yang Lilin , Ren Zhenxing , Tian He , Yu Qingying , Li Jing , Lin Weixian , Zhao Ling , Luo Songping , Gao Jie
Published: July 2021

The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification regulates the expression of genes associated with various biological and pathological processes, including spontaneous abortion (SA). The aim of this study was to determine the role of the m6A demethylase fat mass and obesity (FTO)- associated protein in SA. The FTO,IGF2BP1 and IGF2BP2 mRNA levels were significantly lower in the chorionic villi obtained from spontaneously aborted pregnancies compared to that of normal pregnancies, while the expression levels of METTL3 and WTAP were significantly elevated. However, ALKBH5, YTHDF2, and IGF2BP3 were elevated with no statistical significance between groups. In addition, MDA was elevated and SOD levels were decreased in the villi tissues of the SA group compared to the normal group, which was indicative of placental oxidative stress in the former. Furthermore, the expression of FTO and HLA-G were significantly decreased in the trophoblasts of the SA patients compared to that of normal pregnant women, while that of m6A was markedly higher in the former. In addition, the HLA-G and VEGFR mRNA levels were downregulated in the SA versus the control group, and that of MMP2, MMP7, MMP9 and VEGFA were upregulated. Finally, The RIP assay showed significantly decreased levels of FTO-bound HLA-G, VEGFR and MMP9 RNA in SA patients (P < 0.05), which corresponded to an increase in transcripts enriched with the m6A antibody (P < 0.05). However, compared with normal pregnant women, the levels of HLA-G, VEGFA, VEGFR, and MMP2 mRNA bound by YTHDF2 were significantly decreased in SA patients. Compared to the normal pregnant women, both FTO- and m6A-bound MMP7 were significantly increased in SA patients (P < 0.05), but YTHDF2 almost unbound to MMP7 mRNA. In summary, the downregulation of FTO in the chorionic villi disrupts immune tolerance and angiogenesis at the maternal-fetal interface, resulting in aberrant methylation and oxidative stress that eventually leads to SA.
The Roles of CircRNAs in Bladder Cancer: Biomarkers, Tumorigenesis Drivers, and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Cheng Fajuan , Zheng Bin , Si Shubin , Wang Jianwei , Zhao Guiting , Yao Zhongshun , Niu Zhihong , He Wei
Published: July 2021

Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most prevalent malignancy of the urinary system. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel subtype of non-coding RNAs, play a crucial role in physiological and developmental processes. CircRNAs mainly function as regulators of splicing process and transcription, microRNA sponges, and protein brackets. Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of BCa have led to the identification of an abundance of dysregulated circRNAs associated with BCa. These aberrantly expressed circRNAs eventually lead to abnormalities in biological, genetic, and epigenetic information. In this review, we introduce the potential of circRNAs as biomarkers for BCa diagnosis and prognosis. Notably, diverse mechanisms have been proposed for circRNAs driving carcinogenesis, including increasing cell proliferation, promoting invasive and migratory capacity, enhancing endothelial–mesenchymal transition, sustaining stemness, and enabling resistance to chemotherapy. Importantly, a full understanding of circRNA mechanisms is needed to mine promising therapeutic approaches for targeting BCa. In this paper, we present the latest advances in circRNAs and systemically summarize the characteristics and mechanisms of circRNAs in BCa, providing potential perspectives for BCa treatment.