bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preoperative nebulization with dexamethasone or magnesium sulfate for prevention of incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat – A prospective randomized comparative study
Authors: Hembrom Shweta Bharti , Kumari Bibha , Kumar Arvind , Tufail Tuba , Hussain Mumtaz , Bharti Alok Kumar
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a common cause of distress and dissatisfaction after general anesthesia. POST is one of the most distressing symptoms after general anesthesia. Incidence of POST ranges from 14.4% to 90% following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Various drugs with different routes are examined to prevent POST. We intended to compare the effectiveness of nebulized dexamethasone and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in decreasing the incidence and severity of POST.

Materials and Methods:

In this prospective double-blind study, adult patients with either sex undergoing laryngoscopy and intubation for surgery were randomly assigned into dexamethasone (Group D) and MgSO4 (Group M). The primary outcome was to assess incidence and severity of POST, and secondary outcome was to assess the incidence of hoarseness and cough. Continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation, and t-test was applied for comparing the difference of means between the two groups. P ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The incidence of POST in Group D was much lower as compared to Group M at 0 h (P = 0.0262), but after that, there was no significant difference between groups. Severity of POST was compared between Group D and Group M at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h postoperatively. At 0 h, Group D had 22 patients with no pain at rest (Grade 0) whereas Group M had 12 patients. The secondary outcomes (pain at deglutition, hoarseness, and cough) at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

Preoperative MgSO4 nebulization is as effective as dexamethasone nebulization in decreasing the incidence and severity of POST without causing any adverse effect. Incidence of pain on deglutition, hoarseness, and cough are also reduced effectively by both drugs.
Personal protective equipment and health-care workers
Authors: Ellenkil Anitta Jose , Bharadwajj Nitin Dutt , Mishra Uday Bhakar
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective:

The study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice viz-a-viz to the use of Personnel protective equipment among the health-care staff of a government tertiary care teaching hospital.

Methodology:

The study was performed in a government tertiary care teaching hospital. The study design was cross-sectional and descriptive. The study was carried out in the Clinical areas of the hospital and included 407 health-care professionals (academic resident doctors, nursing officers, paramedical staff and housekeeping staff) who have consented to participate in the study. A structured and validated questionnaire was prepared based on the standard guidelines described in the Infection Prevention and Control Manual, MOHFW, GOI published in 2018. The parts of the study tool were divided into five parts. The results were statistically analyzed (MS Office spreadsheet version 2007 and IBM-SPSS Version 20).

Results:

The study included 407 participants; 91 (22.4%) academic resident doctors, 122 (30%) nursing officers, 23 (5.7%) paramedical staff, and 171 (42%) housekeeping staff, respectively. The overall knowledge, attitude, and practice aspect of the personal protective equipment (PPE) were comparatively low. The overall mean score of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding PPE was 0.73, 0.72, and 0.22 out of 1.

Conclusion and Recommendations:

The knowledge aspect of PPE of health-care professionals was good for nursing officers whereas with respect to the attitude and practice aspect, it was found that in the majority of areas, the housekeeping staff were performing better than the other cadres. The author recommends regular inspection by the clinicians and administrators to ensure compliance; and to provide training for the health-care professionals with regard to the types of PPE to be used and when all to be used as per the job undertaken as a reminder/continuous medical education.
Academic Status/Achievement of the Leaders in Medicine: Does It Have Any Importance in India
Authors: Yadav Amitabh , Tiwari Parmanand , Nundy Samiran
Published: September 2024

Background:

An individual’s research output is one of the important yardsticks in most western countries, which is one of the multiple parameters used to judge whether the person is suitable for an important position like the president of a medical associations or head of an institution.

Aims:

We examined the research output of association and institutional heads in medicine in India to see how they compare with their counterparts in the United Kingdom (UK) and United States of America (USA).

Materials and Methods:

Using the Scopus database, we compared the average of the numbers of publications, number of citations and h-index of the presidents of a number of medical associations and vice chancellors, directors or deans of academic medical institutions in India, UK and USA for the year 2021–2022.

Results:

The average number of publications from association presidents in India was 65, UK – 77 and the USA – 183, citations were 1355, 2407 and 10,955, and their h-indexes were 11, 19 and 39. The average number of research publications, citations and h-index of the heads of institutions in India, UK and USA was 98, 191 and 245, respectively; citations were 1171, 10,822 and 22,300 and h-index were 15, 47 and 67.

Conclusions:

Individuals holding important position in medical associations and institutions in the USA were ahead in their research output compared to those in the UK and India.
Cooking fuel used and noncommunicable diseases in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Olagunju Mobolaji Timothy , Abodunrin Olunike Rebecca , Ola Oluwabukola Mary , Olagunju Ifeoluwa Olaitan , Diawara Massira Ousenni , Yakubu Salimata , Akinsolu Folahanmi Tomiwa
Published: September 2024

China’s rapid growth has led to environmental, health, and economic challenges due to the widespread use of solid fuels such as coal and biomass. This issue is particularly prevalent in rural areas and affects 2.4 billion people globally. The harmful compounds released from burning these fuels are linked to various health issues. This review aims to summarize the health implications of solid fuel use in China and provide recommendations for cleaner cooking fuels. The study investigates the link between solid cooking fuel use and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in China. It includes data from 2000 to 2022, with a focus on indoor air pollution and NCD development. The research adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses 2020 guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The search yielded 16 studies examining the link between solid cooking fuel use and NCDs in China. These studies covered a range of NCDs and indoor pollutants across 26 provinces, offering a comprehensive exploration of the relationship between indoor air pollution and NCDs. The findings revealed a significant prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer attributable to indoor air pollution exposure. The study underscores the need for public health intervention to reduce the burden of NCDs and promote the adoption of clean fuel. The evidence provided could motivate policies to encourage cleaner fuel usage.
Нелинейные уравнения Фоккера-Планка-Колмогорова
Authors: Bogachev Vladimir Igorevich , Shaposhnikov Stanislav Valer'evich
Published: September 2024

В работе дан обзор недавних исследований по нелинейным уравнениям Фоккера-Планка-Колмогорова эллиптического и параболического типа и приведен ряд новых результатов. Подробно обсуждаются проблемы существования и единственности решений, различные оценки решений, связи с линейными уравнениями, сходимость решений параболических уравнений к стационарным решениям.
Библиография: 116 названий.
An Economical Multilevel Backup Strategy for Electro-Hydraulic
Braking System by Integrating Driving and Electronic Parking Brake
Systems
Authors: Tian Boshi , Li Liang , Liao Yinsheng , Lv Haijun , Wang Xiangyu , Hu Zhiming , Sun Yue , Qu Wenying
Published: September 2024

The braking system stands as a vital component within a vehicle; its malfunction
has the potential to precipitate catastrophic or severe accidents. There are two
primary backup strategies: one involves hardware redundancy, and the other is
the optimization of software strategies in conjunction with other systems.
Redundancy among various actuators of the second strategy not only maximizes the
vehicle’s inherent capabilities but also results in cost savings. In this
article, a multilevel backup strategy that integrates electro-hydraulic braking,
driving systems, and electronic parking brake systems is explored. Utilizing a
self-developed braking safety control system, a proposal is made for the
electronic parking brake to participate in service braking. Additionally, two
functional modules, pre-clamping and deceleration following, have been
meticulously designed to tackle the challenges of response delay and
insufficient control precision that are commonly associated with electronic
parking brakes. The effectiveness of the backup strategy was confirmed through
real-vehicle testing. The results demonstrate that this multilevel backup
strategy can provide a deceleration capacity of at least 4.88 m/s2 in
the worst-case scenario, which is twice the requirement set by national
standards.
GeNp-ODHR: Green Energic and Smart Network Performance
Estimation-Based Optimized Deep Hello Routing for Flying Ad Hoc
Network
Authors: Saini Hemant Kumar
Published: September 2024

The emergence of the flying ad hoc network (FANET) has gained popularity after
COVID-19 pandemic. Due to disruptions in ground-based monitoring, aerial
monitoring has become the preferred approach. Aerial communication has become
essential, with multiple aerial vehicles equipped with sensors forming a FANET
in a specific geographical area. These vehicles communicate autonomously in an
ad-hoc fashion using hello packets, but the periodic transmission of these
packets consumes a significant amount of energy. This type of aerial
communication is particularly useful in infrastructure-fewer conditions, and the
transition from 4G to 5G infrastructure has further facilitated aerial
communication. To address limited flight periodicity of aerial vehicles due to
onboard battery constraints, a new deep hello routing, GeNp-ODHR has been
proposed to optimize the battery consumption and performance, which indirectly
extended the flight time by saving the energy. Through simulation-based testing
using Network Simulator version 3.0, GeNp-ODHR has been shown to achieve better
performance in terms throughput, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and
energy savings of approximately 4%–30%, indirectly extending the flight time.
This investigation has also explored the potetial of unmanned aerial vehicles in
the context of financial restrictions, technological infrastructure, and public
acceptance. Additionally, it has highlighted the implications in terms of energy
efficacy, scalability, and the recommendation for the next generation in
addressing social inequality and environmental sustainability.
Direct Injection Gasoline Fuel Injector Characterization
Authors:   Gasoline Fuel Injection Standards Committee
Published: September 2024

This SAE Recommended Practice promotes uniformity in the evaluation and qualification tests conducted on gasoline direct injection (GDI) fuel injectors used in gasoline engine applications, where fuel pressures are typically well above 10 MPa. The document scope is limited to electrically actuated gasoline fuel injection devices used in automotive GDI systems and is primarily restricted to bench tests.
An Outcome Study of DERFs Managed by Close Reduction & Immobilization Vs Close Reduction by Intra Focal Pinning (Kapandji Technique)
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Mau, Ataria, Sitapur, 261303, U.P, India, Jha Prakash , Kumar Ratnesh , Yadav Siddhartha , Singh Shivendra , Quidwai Shakeel Ahmad
Published: September 2024

Objective: The study is aimed at comparing the outcome of management of DERFs by close reduction and immobilisation by POP cast (CRIPOP) vs. close reduction and immobilisation by intrafocal pinning (K-wire), Kapandji technique. Material and method: 80 patients with DERFs (Frykman I&II/AO23AR) aged 19–68 years, both sexes, and sides (left or right) of involvement were studied at the Department of Orthopaedics, HIMS, Sitapur (U.P.), India, after getting clearance from the institute's ethical committee. The individual's identification, history, clinico-radiological evaluation (pre- and post-op), and follow-up were recorded in a pretested proforma. A standard protocol of pre- and post-operative care and physiotherapy was followed by all patients, irrespective of group. Results: To assess the functional outcome, cases were followed up at 6 weeks, at the time of removal of POP, at 12 weeks, and at 24 weeks. The objective assessment was done on parameters like wrist movement, i.e., palmer/dorsiflexion, radial/ulnar deviation, wrist/finger stiffness, supination, and pronation in forearm functions. The functions were compared with other limb functions. Subjective parameters such as pain, ADL, and work-related activities (satisfaction level) were also taken into account. The difference in distribution among groups was insignificant. Other than a pinhole infection and finger stiffness, there was no significant complication. Conclusion: CRIPOP was found to be an equally better option of treatment methodology in respect of functional outcome at 6 months in extra-articular (Fryman types I and II) or AO/OTS (23A2 and 3). The limitation of the study is the small number of cases and parameters to compare. Keywords: DERF, CRIPOP, Kapandji, Focal Pinning
Inhalant Abuse in a Teenager with Depression: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B G Nagara, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya, 571448, Karnataka, India, Vaibhavi P S , Shivakumar B K
Published: September 2024

Substance use disorders are of rising concern in the current world with trends towards adolescents owing to various developmental changes occurring during this age group. Though alcohol and smoking are commonly studied substance use disorder, inhalants which are easily available are under reported as addictions. The case report presented elaborates the inhalant use disorder by sniffing petrol in the adolescent since 2 years who initially presented with medical complication with pervasive low mood history accounting to persistent depressive disorder. Patient showed improvement in both reduction in inhalant use and decreased low mood on treatment with antidepressants. Screening for inhalant use disorders in adolescents is emphasized for early diagnosis and management of the cases. Keywords: Inhalant use disorder, Adolescent, Depression
A Study on Serum Levels of Malondialdehyde, Ascorbic acid, Alpha-Tocopherol and Uric acid in Senile Cataract
Authors:   Eka Care, Regent Gateway, Seetharama Palya, Whitefield, Bangalore, Badami Rajshree , Kumar A S Anil , Sundeep -
Published: September 2024

Aim: The study aims to determine whether oxidative stress contributes significantly to the development of Senile cataract by comparing serum levels of oxidative stress marker Malondialdehyde and antioxidants Ascorbic acid, Alpha Tocopherol and Uric acid among Senile cataract patients and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 86 subjects were included in the study, out of which 49 were senile cataract patients and 37 were age and gender matched healthy controls. Estimation of Malondialdehyde, Ascorbic acid, Alpha- Tocopherol and Uric acid was done in the serum samples of all subjects included in the study. Results: Mean MDA level in cases was significantly higher at 4.41nmol/ml compared to controls which was 3.88nmol/ml. Mean ascorbic acid level among cases was 10.99 mg/L whereas in controls it was significantly higher at 13.69 mg/L. α-tocopherol level among cases was 7.98 mg/L whereas in controls it was significantly higher at 8.76 mg/L. Mean uric acid level among cases was 4.29mg/dl whereas in controls it was 4.55mg/dl, the difference was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status contributes significantly to the development and progression of senile cataract. Clinical Significance: Measures to monitor oxidative stress and improve antioxidant status in the population can be helpful in delaying the onset and progression of senile cataract. Keywords: Oxidative stress, Senile cataract, Malondialdehyde, Antioxidants
Observational Analysis of Antimicrobial Agent Utilization Pattern in the Community-Acquired Pneumonia at A Tertiary Care Facility
Authors:   Government Institute of Medical Science, Greater Noida, Yadav Mamta , Bharti Mani , Nigam Ashwini Kumar , Goyal Yofesh , Nautiyal Sahil Kumar
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The escalation of community-acquired pneumonia cases amidst the COVID-19 pandemic has engendered a concerning phenomenon characterized by the unwarranted utilization of antimicrobial agents. Aims: To analyze the utilization trends of antimicrobial agents within the cohort of hospitalized individuals diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Material and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for 6 months within the Department of Medicine to investigate patients diagnosed with CAP. Detailed records of drug prescriptions were meticulously recorded, with subsequent computation of both the Daily Defined Dose (DDD) and Antibiotics Consumption Index (ACI). A dataset comprising information from 130 patients was meticulously examined and subsequent analysis conducted. Descriptive statistical analyses were undertaken to utilize both Microsoft Excel and SPSS software version 27. Results: The predominant empirical therapy for antibacterial agents was found to be amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, utilized by 73 (56.2%) patients, succeeded by levofloxacin, administered to 33 (25.4%) patients. Following culture and sensitivity testing, the most frequently employed antibacterial agents for definitive therapy included levofloxacin for 33 (25.4%) patients. Notably, the highest Antibiotics Consumption Index (ACI) value recorded was 14.4 for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in empirical therapy, while in definitive therapy, levofloxacin exhibited an ACI of 14.8. A significant disparity in ACI values between empirical and definitive therapy was observed (p<0.05), signifying statistically meaningful differences. Conclusions: The findings of the current investigation accentuate a discernible trend in the administration of antibiotics for managing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) within the Medicine Department amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: Community Acquired Pneumonia (Cap), Antibiotics Consumption Index (Aci), Defined Daily Dose, Antimicrobial Utilization Pattern, Antimicrobial Agents
Perception of Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) among Phase I MBBS Students in a Medical College in Northeastern India
Authors:   Department of Physiology, Churachandpur Medical College, Manipur, India, Singh Rajkumar Arbind
Published: September 2024

Background: Early Clinical exposure (ECE) is a Learning methodology in Medical Education, which encourages exposure of the medical students to the clinical patients as early as the first year of medical college (Phase I MBBS). It helps them in applying basic science concepts to clinical patient care. Objective: To assess and analyze the Perception of Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) among Phase I MBBS students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted January 2024 to March 2024 of 100 Phase I MBBS students who were first exposed to four Modules of ECE in both hospital and classroom settings. The outcomes and effectiveness of the students were then assessed and analyzed by a pre-structured, self-administered electronic questionnaire which contained both open-ended and close-ended items. Evaluation was done by statistical analysis of qualitative data and quantitative analysis of student comments using thematic analysis. Results: 97.6% of the students felt that Early Clinical Exposure is important in Phase I (1st year) while 2.4% of the participants were neutral on the question. 92.8% of students felt that ECE helped them in correlating physiology concepts with clinical cases while 86.9% of students felt that ECE helped in the retention of the topic. Majority of the students reported that ECE helped them in understanding and knowledge of the topic and provides them an exposure to reality of patient care and medical environment. Students also expressed the need for increasing the frequency and duration of ECE sessions. Conclusion: Our study reveals that Phase I MBBS students regard Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) as a pivotal methodology for enhancing their comprehension of fundamental scientific principles and their ability to correlate these principles with clinical applications. Moreover, they recognize ECE as a platform that immerses them in the realities of patient care. These findings underscore the imperative of continual assessment and enhancement in the implementation of ECE. Keywords: Early Clinical Exposure, Medical Education, Physiology, Assessment, Competency, Professionalism
Blood Investigation and Cardiac Markers: The Key Role to Rule Out Hospital Outcome of Myocardial Infraction in Tertiary Cardiac Care Centre
Authors:   Department of Pathology, U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre (Affiliated to B. J. Medical College), New Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380006, Gujarat, India, Tripathi Payal , Pandya Himani , Singh Aparna , Patil Rupali , Patel Brijesh
Published: September 2024

Background: In-hospital mortality varies substantially across hospitals after myocardial infarction. This study is intended for physicians, nurses, and allied healthcare personnel who care for patients with suspected or established acute myocardial infarction (MI) in emergency department and to find out the association between the CBCs, cardiac markers and other biochemical tests with the severity of MI. Method: In this retrospective study, data were collected of 190 patients came in the emergency department period of one month August 2023 with chest pain diagnosed as myocardial infarction. All patient’s Lipid profile, HbA1c, Total Count, Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC), Neutrophil Counts, Lymphocyte Counts, Neutrophil to Lymphocytes ratio (NLR), Immature Granulocyte % (IG%), Absolute Immature Granulocyte Count (IG#), Platelet Count, CPK-Mb, Troponin I and Pressure were noted in first 24 hrs of time. Result: In this study we have found that Total lymphocyte count (AUC=0.83 Sensitivity-Specificity=89.5-71.3, p=<0.001), CPK-MB (AUC=0.67, Sensitivity-Specificity=89.5-43.3, p=0.006), Absolute neutrophil counts (AUC=0.83, Sensitivity-Specificity=89.5-67.3, p=<0.001), Neutrophils (AUC=0.75, Sensitivity-Specificity=89.5-60.2, p=<0.001), and Lymphocyte (AUC=0.74, Sensitivity-Specificity=73.7-69.6, p=<0.001), are the significantly associated with worsen outcome in patients with myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Total lymphocyte count, CPK-MB, Absolute neutrophil counts, Neutrophils and Lymphocyte are the significant predictor, indicate an increased risk of death in patients with myocardial infarction in emergency department. Keywords: Myocardial infarction, Cardiac Biomarkers, Blood Investigation
Primary Breast Sarcoma: A Diagnostic Conundrum
Authors:   Department of Pathology, MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, India, Mukherjee Mala , Era Nikhil , Mukherjee Shatavisa
Published: September 2024

Primary breast sarcomas are rare constituting <1% of all breast malignancies. These histologically heterogeneous non-epithelial aggressive neoplasm arises from the connective tissue within the breast and have a high tendency of recurrence even after excisional biopsy. Therefore, it necessitates a multidisciplinary approach to modify the overall prognosis and mortality. To throw light on this entity, we here report a few cases that presented as huge lumps in the breast and were missed in fine needle aspiration cytology. Each case was followed by modified radical mastectomy and was diagnosed as sarcoma of the breast confirmed by immunohistochemistry without any history of previous breast disease and radiation Keywords: Sarcoma, Diagnosis, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, Immunohistochemistry
Cervical Papillary Adenofibroma: A Rare Case Report
Authors:   JJM Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka, India, Shrivastava Apurva , Soumya B M , Chandrashekar H R , Nandi Supriya S , Ahamed P Sameer
Published: September 2024

This study presents a rare instance of cervical papillary adenofibroma, a benign biphasic neoplasm originating from glandular and fibrous tissue, occurring in a 43-year-old female patient. Most common site is the endometrium. Papillary adenofibroma arising from the cervix is an infrequent entity. Uterine adenofibromas were first described by Ober in 1959 as a form of mixed mesodermal tumor. Cervical adenofibromas was first described by Abell in 1971. Both the stromal and epithelial components are benign. Grossly, adenofibroma present as a papillary, polypoidal or sessile lesion that may protrude into the endocervical canal with cut surface showing multiple cysts imparting it a spongy appearance. Microscopically, they have a nodular surface with a lobulated papillary configuration. The tumor may recur if incompletely excised. Adenosarcoma and adenomyoma are important differential diagnosis. The clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, gross appearance, microscopic architecture, and management strategies are elucidated in this case report. Emphasizing the significance of accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment, this case report underscores the importance of recognizing and managing such infrequent cervical tumors. Through this case report, our aim is to contribute to the existing medical literature on cervical papillary adenofibromas, shedding light on its clinical characteristics, diagnostic nuances, and management modalities for the benefit of clinicians and researchers encountering similar cases. Keywords: Adenofibroma, Adenosarcoma, Benign, Cervix, Papillary, Rare
Decoding Diabetic Kidney Disease: In-Depth Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, and Management Strategies
Authors:   Sunrise University, Rajasthan, India, Upadhye Krishna S , Patidar Hariom
Published: September 2024

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is primarily caused by diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a common ailment that affects people all over the world and results from diabetes mellitus. Hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory factors interact to influence its development. However, these changes are not unique to DKD, necessitating the development of novel biomarkers to support diagnosis, tracking, evaluation of treatment efficacy, and outcome prediction. High blood sugar levels trigger the disease by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Despite its significance as a global medical condition, people often ignore it. DKD causes major challenges for the community, finances, and individuals. Symptoms often remain unnoticed until they become evident, resulting in significant consequences. The absence of detailed data and infrequent screening protocols impede the early identification of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The right medications and a precise diagnosis could help regulate the illness, prolong life, and lessen the psychological and financial burden on those affected. DKD frequently emerges right after the condition becomes severe. This research aims to identify global cases, factors that heighten the risk of developing DKD, and potential indicators for early diagnosis of DKD. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus (DM), Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), Epidemiology, Prevalence, Biomarkers, Diagnosis, Management
Identification of Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus using Automated Vitek-2 Compact System and D test
Authors:   Department Of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Akola, Maharashtra, India, Lal UA Premjith , Ambhore Nitin , Raut Sharmila , Mantri Rupali , Malak Nazneen , Sharma Poojashri
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common pathogen causing serious and life-threatening clinical infections. Detecting inducible resistance to clindamycin (ICR) in S. aureus is challenging with routine testing methods, potentially leading to treatment failure. Hence, use of both automated systems like VITEK-2 and conventional methods for detecting ICR in routine microbiology laboratories will be helpful in accurate diagnosis. Aim and Objectives: To identify S. aureus in clinical samples and assess the reliability of VITEK-2 for detecting inducible clindamycin resistance as compared to routine D-test. Materials and methods: A total of 80 isolates of S. aureus were identified from clinical samples by routine conventional microbiological methods and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using both automated VITEK-2 and conventional technique. Results: The sensitivity of the Vitek-2 test for detecting ICR was 91.18% and specificity was 100% as compared to D-test. The PPV and NPV were 100% and 94.23% respectively. However, 3 isolates which showed ICR by D-test could not be detected in VITEK-2 system. Conclusion: Use of both automated systems and routine conventional techniques together in detecting ICR in Staphylococcus aureus will accurately give the diagnosis and accelerate the treatment. Keywords: VITEK-2, D-test, Resistance, Staphylococcus aureus, Inducible clindamycin resistance (ICR)
Clinico-Radiological and Histopathological Study of Endometrial Lesions in Patients Presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors:   Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India, Pundir Swati , Kumar Manish , Joshi Usha , Chaudhari Sheela
Published: September 2024

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding [AUB] is one of the most common presentations among women of all age groups. It is ‘Bleeding from the uterine corpus that is abnormal in volume, regularity or timing for the majority of last 6 months. Common pathologies include hormonal imbalance patterns, atrophic endometrium, endometritis, endometrial polyp, endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. Material & Methods: All specimens of endometrial curettage, biopsy and hysterectomy received in department of pathology GMC, Haldwani from January 2020 to September 2021 , have been included in the study. Specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and processed routinely. Clinical details and endometrial thickness by ultrasonography were recorded and analysed. Microscopic examination was performed after routine and special stains. Results: Out of a total of 103 cases, abnormal uterine bleeding was frequently observed in the age group 40 – 49 years, followed by 50 – 59 years. Most common presenting complaint was menorrhagia followed by post menopausal bleeding. Most common histopathological finding was proliferative phase endometrium followed by secretory phase endometrium. The range of endometrial thickness recorded in the proliferative phase was mostly 4-9 mm followed by the secretory phase with 9 – 15 mm. Two cases of endometrial carcinoma were seen after 5th decade onward. All cases of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma had an endometrial thickness of more than 15 mm. Conclusion: AUB may be the only presenting complaint in patients with malignant or pre-malignant endometrial lesions. Histopathology helps to reach a definitive diagnosis crucial for management. Keywords: Abnormal uterine bleeding, Endometrial sampling, Endometrial thickness, Endometrial hyperplasia, Endometrial carcinoma
Prevalence of ABO Blood Type and Outcome in Patients with COVID-19 — A South Indian Institutional Study
Authors:   Department of Pathology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, India, Thajudeen Ayeesha Sithika , Navya T P , Muniraj Femela , Saji Roshan
Published: September 2024

Objective : The ABO and Rh blood type systems are linked to a wide range of illnesses, including bacterial, viral, infectious, and malignant conditions. According to several research, COVID-19 predisposition and ABO blood types are related. The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of the ABO blood group and its association with Covid disease and outcome. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective and observational cross-sectional study done at the Department of Transfusion Medicine, from January 2021 to December 2021. A total of 504 Covid positive patients admitted during that period were analysed with their laboratory parameters and blood group types. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the data and find the relationship between blood types. Results: 504 admitted patients who were hospitalised during the research period were included. Among these, 216 belonged to blood type O, whereas 111 belonged to blood group A, 149 to blood group B, 28 to blood group AB. The prevalence of blood group O was higher and group AB had a low risk. There were 88 critical care unit patients, their length of critical care unit admission and blood types did not differ significantly. Conclusion: Our study suggests that blood group AB may be protective and that blood group O may be more susceptible to the disease, but that neither of these factors impact the progression of the illness or the likelihood of death. Keywords: ABO blood group, Severity, Covid 19
Morphometry of the Suprascapular Notch and the Incidence of Ossification of Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament in an Adult Human Scapulae Bone of South Indian Population
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Annapoorana Medical College, Salem, Tamilnadu, India,, Sathiya S , Sibana B , Karthikeyan A , Sudha R
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The scapulae of human bone bears suprascapular notch and the ligament in it undergoes ossification causing compression of the suprascapular nerve. The degree of ossification of transverse ligament of scapula helps to differentiate it from rotator cuff tear as to prevent muscle wasting and atrophy. Materials and Methods: A sample of 50 dry scapulae bone in the Anatomy department, Annapoorana Medical College & Hospitals, Salem was utilized. Based upon suprascapular notch shape, the scapulae were categorized into six varieties. The parameters such as Superior, Middle and Inferior transverse length, Notch depth was determined thrice by taking measurements with vernier caliper. The results were analysed by software SPSS (IBM) 25 version. Results: The findings revealed, the predominant type was Type III and Type I (24%) and least was Type VI (4%) with complete ossification of STSL. The mean MD in Type IV notch is 6.32±1.19mm where the depth was ultimately reduced compared to Type II, III, V notches. So, the depth of Type IV notch should be kept in mind to predict neuropathy as it may cause nerve compression. Conclusion: The current study helps clinicians be aware about variations in the morphometry of SSN while categorising the notch type causing neuropathy before performing any surgical intervention. Keywords: Arthroscopy, Discrete notch, Entrapment syndrome, Neuropathy, Ossified superior transverse ligament, Suprascapular foramen, Suprascapular nerve, Suprascapular notch
Effect of Low Dose Intraoperative Tranexamic Acid Infusion on Perioperative Blood Loss in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy for Intracranial Neoplasms: A Double Blinded Randomised Control Study
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune, Tewari Kunal , Mohapatra Akash Ray , Mishra Deepak , Thapa Om Bahadur , Jyotsna -
Published: September 2024

Background: Blood loss is often a major complication of neurosurgery; and adversely impacts postoperative outcomes. Primary objective of our study was to assess the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on total perioperative blood loss and the need for packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion in patients. Secondary objective was to assess and compare the effect of TXA on haemoglobin (Hb) , packed cell volume (PCV), coagulation profile, crystalloid and PRBC requirement, neurological outcomes; and the quality of surgical field peri-operatively. Materials and Methods: 60 adult patients, undergoing elective craniotomy for tumor resection were recruited. 30 patients each, received either a bolus of TXA , followed by an infusion (TXA group); or normal saline in the same dose (Placebo group). Crystalloid and PRBC transfusion, blood loss, Hb, PCV, platelet count, fibrinogen levels, international normalized ratio were recorded. Mean intensive care unit (ICU) stay and Glasgow Outcome Extended (GOSE) score were also measured. Results: There was no significant difference in blood loss, PRBC requirement, Hb, PCV, fibrinogen levels , INR, duration of ICU stay or the quality of the operative field; between the TXA and placebo groups. GOSE scores were better and platelet count decrease was significantly higher in the TXA group. Conclusion: Low-dose TXA did not significantly reduce blood loss or improve outcomes in patients undergoing intracranial tumor resection. GOSE score was better; and the platelet decrease post- operatively was significantly higher in the TXA group. Keywords: Intracranial Tumours, Tranexamic Acid ( TXA), Glasgow Outcome Extended (GOSE) Score
GESTÃO DE PESSOAS E HOME OFFICE
Authors: Wahlbrinck Elisa Regina , Rodrigues Maria de Lourdes Souza , Rodrigues Marineia Marques , Costa Regina Celi Pereira da Silva , Silva Djalma Palma da , Amorim Gisele Ferreira de , Magalhães Terezinha Camargo
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo retrata a importância, vantagens e desafios da gestão de pessoas e Home Office na área educacional durante a pandemia ocasionada pela Covid-19, em meio a este cenário de incertezas, as organizações recorreram ao trabalho remoto sem acesso ao ambiente físico da empresa para assegurar o isolamento social e garantir que suas atividades não fossem interrompidas. Ao observar uma crescente exponencial das discussões nas questões relacionadas ao Home Office, bem como a sua gestão, no período da pandemia do Covid-19, e, ainda, levando em consideração que a realização das atividades laborais tende, em parte, a permanecer em Home Office mesmo depois da pandemia, tendo em vista alguns de seus benefícios (como flexibilidade e economicidade), notou-se a necessidade de desenvolver um estudo em que fossem discutidos os principais desafios na gestão de pessoas em Home Office. O objetivo deste artigo é Compreender os desafios e vantagens do Home Office na área da educação, tem se como finalidade essencial Analisar como a Gestão de pessoas atuou nas instituições de ensino durante a pandemia, Compreender a importância do Home Office nesses núcleos de ensino e Identificar os impasses e benefícios que o Home Office proporcionou aos estudantes e professores. Deste modo em relação à abordagem da pesquisa é atribuído ao método qualiquantitativo, Com relação aos objetivos utilizamos a pesquisa Exploratória e ao procedimento técnico utilizado, tem se a pesquisa de Campo. Os resultados demonstraram que a gestão foi falha, não foi bem estruturada durante o período pandêmico.
Figurative and stylistic analysis of Givi Mantkava's work “The Nivkhi Archers” (1974) from the collection of the Sakhalin Regional Art Museum
Authors: Шаманова М.Г.
Published: September 2024

Статья посвящена образно-стилистическому анализу картины Гиви Михайловича Манткавы «Нивхские лучники» (1973) из фондов Сахалинского областного художественного музея в контексте развития советского изобразительного искусства 1960–1980-х годов. Автор рассматривает творчество Г.М. Манткавы на фоне тенденций сурового стиля, одного из ключевых направлений советской живописи того времени. В статье освещаются основные черты сурового стиля, его эволюция и взаимосвязь с культурными и этническими аспектами, как в случае с «нивхской темой» в работе Манткавы. Особое внимание уделено анализу средств выразительности и композиционных решений в произведении, а также его историко-культурному контексту. Сохранившиеся в музейном собрании этюды 1970-х годов к этой картине свидетельствуют о тщательной проработке как композиции в целом, так и персонажей будущего произведения, что создало глубину его содержания и художественную выразительность.

This article presents a figurative and stylistic analysis of Givi Mikhailovich Mantkava's painting “The Nivkhi Archers” (1973), drawn from the collections of the Sakhalin Regional Art Museum. It situates the painting within the context of the development of Soviet fine art between the 1960s and 1980s. The author considers the work of G.M. Mantkava in the perspective of the so-called severe style, which constituted one of the principal trends of Soviet painting during that period. The article elucidates the principal characteristics of the severe style, its evolution and interrelation with cultural and ethnic aspects, as exemplified by the Nivkhi theme in Mantkava's work. Particular attention is devoted to an analysis of the means of expression and compositional solutions employed in the work, as well as its historical and cultural context. The studies of the 1970s for this painting, preserved in the museum's collection, demonstrate the meticulous construction of both the composition and the characters that would become the hallmarks of the finished work.
Percepción de la soledad emocional y su impacto en la autoestima del adulto mayor
Authors: García Palencia Karin Julissa
Published: September 2024

PROBLEMA:  la soledad emocional, es un fenómeno significativo que afecta a muchas personas a lo largo de sus vidas, se incrementa en los adultos mayores debido a cambios como la jubilación, pérdidas de seres queridos, declive de movilidad y problemas de salud. Estos cambios intensifican la soledad y el aislamiento, impactando en la autoestima. OBJETIVO: analizar la percepción de la soledad emocional y su efecto en la autoestima en adultos mayores, por medio de pruebas que miden percepción de soledad y nivel de autoestima. MÉTODO: la muestra consistió en 25 guatemaltecos de 60 a 80 años, tanto institucionalizados como no institucionalizados, y se tomó en cuenta sólo aquellos que estuvieran conscientes de sus emociones y funciones cognitivas. RESULTADOS: se reveló una autoestima mayormente normal y percepciones de soledad emocional variadas. Los datos sugieren que la autoestima saludable se fomenta en entornos familiares y comunitarios. CONCLUSIÓN: este estudio revela que mientras el 32% de los adultos mayores experimentó algún grado de soledad absoluta, un 12% de los participantes se siente acompañado, vinculándose con pérdidas y abandono por parte de familiares o la sociedad. Se subraya la importancia de comprender y enfrentar los factores psicosociales que influyen en la autoestima y la soledad en diferentes etapas de la vida, con miras a mejorar la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores.
Envejecimiento saludable: evaluación del bienestar psicológico como predictor de calidad de vida en adultos mayores
Authors: Casasola Gallego Kendy Rosmery
Published: September 2024

PROBLEMA: describir los factores que intervienen en la salud del adulto mayor para un envejecimiento saludable. OBJETIVO: determinar las actividades de la vida diaria de la población geriátrica a estudio.  MÉTODO: con un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo de corte transversal con enfoque hipotético deductivo. RESULTADOS: rango etario más frecuente fue de 60 a 65 años con un 54.3%, predominando el género femenino con el 67.9%. La mayoría profesan la religión evangélica con un 58%, manifestando estar casados un 50.6%, y sobresaliendo la escolaridad primaria un 39.5%; un 95% tiene dependencia total en sus actividades básicas y un 84% en actividades instrumentales, predominó la categoría alta para las dimensiones de relaciones interpersonales con un 86.4%, satisfacción por la vida 81.5% y la salud un 69.1%. CONCLUSIÓN: un adulto mayor que goza de bienestar psicológico acepta y se siente bien consigo mismo y sus limitaciones, está en constante desarrollo y aprenden cosas nuevas, han perfeccionado relaciones amenas, sienten satisfacción con su tiempo en soledad y brindan relevancia a la vida que han tenido y los pilares que han construido. El autocuidado es importante y se exhorta en los adultos mayores, dado que esto les permitirá generar un desarrollo de conocimientos, aptitudes y habilidades que van a fomentar y mantener su independencia funcional.
Prevalencia de los trastornos del sueño en la infancia
Authors: García Orellana Mayra Stephany
Published: September 2024

PROBLEMA: los trastornos del sueño en la infancia llegan a limitar funciones importantes para el desarrollo del niño. OBJETIVO: determinar la prevalencia de los trastornos del sueño en la infancia. MÉTODO: estudio de tipo trasversal descriptivo con un enfoque analítico de 40 niños en las edades de 6 a 11 años. RESULTADOS: mediante una boleta de recolección de datos y la escala de validación de trastornos del sueño de Bruni se encontró una prevalencia de los trastornos del sueño del 78% en donde se observa que un 55% de la población tarda de 15 a 30 minutos en lograr conciliar el sueño. CONCLUSIÓN: dentro de los trastornos del sueño que tuvieron mayor prevalencia dentro del estudio se determina el inicio y mantenimiento del sueño con una prevalencia del 35% y  alteraciones de la transición del sueño/vigilia con 20%, seguidamente de la presencia de excesiva somnolencia con un 10%. Es evidente la prevalencia de los trastornos del sueño en la infancia.
Desarrollo perceptual y visuoespacial por medio de material de finalidad abierta
Authors: Ramírez Ovalle José Ernesto
Published: September 2024

PROBLEMA: en la infancia es un proceso fundamental que influye en la forma en que los niños perciben, interactúan y comprenden el mundo que los rodea. Estas habilidades cognitivas son vitales para el aprendizaje y el desarrollo integral de los niños, permiten interpretar y organizar la información visual, resolver problemas espaciales y navegar de manera efectiva en su entorno. OBJETIVO: evaluar la efectividad de la estimulación mediante material de finalidad abierta en el fomento de habilidades perceptuales y visuoespaciales en niños de diferentes grupos de edad.  MÉTODO: por medio del Test de Copia de Figuras de Rey-Osterrieth el cual es utilizado en la evaluación neuropsicológica para la detección en alteraciones en las habilidades visuoespaciales y perceptuales en diferentes poblaciones. RESULTADOS: un 47.5% de parámetros correctos indican que en cuanto más uso de juegos de habilidad abierta pueda un niño tener mayor será el desarrollo visuoespacial y agilidad de percepción en todas las actividades o necesidades que pueda tener.  CONCLUSIÓN: Cuando el niño tiene estímulos desde las primeras edades de estrategias de afrontamiento en se ve comprometido y así un manejo de diferentes circunstancias en vista y percepción serán desarrollados con auge y con facilidad haciendo que el desarrollo se visibilice y sea accesibles en su desarrollo motos y entorno reflejado en un porcentaje de parámetros ausentes previo de 67.5% pasa a disminuir a 22.5%.