bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trace gas composition in the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone: a case study based on aircraft observations and model simulations
Authors: Gottschaldt Klaus-D. , Schlager Hans , Baumann Robert , Bozem Heiko , Eyring Veronika , Hoor Peter , Jöckel Patrick , Jurkat Tina , Voigt Christiane , Zahn Andreas , Ziereis Helmut
Published: May 2017

Abstract. We present in situ measurements of the trace gas composition of the upper tropospheric (UT) Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) performed with the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) in the frame of the Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) campaign. Air masses with enhanced O3 mixing ratios were encountered after entering the ASMA at its southern edge at about 150 hPa on 18 September 2012. This is in contrast to the presumption that the anticyclone's interior is dominated by recently uplifted air with low O3 in the monsoon season. We also observed enhanced CO and HCl in the ASMA, which are tracers for boundary layer pollution and tropopause layer (TL) air or stratospheric in-mixing respectively. In addition, reactive nitrogen was enhanced in the ASMA. Along the HALO flight track across the ASMA boundary, strong gradients of these tracers separate anticyclonic from outside air. Lagrangian trajectory calculations using HYSPLIT show that HALO sampled a filament of UT air three times, which included air masses uplifted from the lower or mid-troposphere north of the Bay of Bengal. The trace gas gradients between UT and uplifted air masses were preserved during transport within a belt of streamlines fringing the central part of the anticyclone (fringe), but are smaller than the gradients across the ASMA boundary. Our data represent the first in situ observations across the southern part and downstream of the eastern ASMA flank. Back-trajectories starting at the flight track furthermore indicate that HALO transected the ASMA where it was just splitting into a Tibetan and an Iranian part. The O3-rich filament is diverted from the fringe towards the interior of the original anticyclone, and is at least partially bound to become part of the new Iranian eddy. A simulation with the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model is found to reproduce the observations reasonably well. It shows that O3-rich air is entrained by the outer streamlines of the anticyclone at its eastern flank. Back-trajectories and increased HCl mixing ratios indicate that the entrained air originates in the stratospherically influenced TL. Photochemical ageing of air masses in the ASMA additionally increases O3 in originally O3-poor, but CO-rich air. Simulated monthly mean trace gas distributions show decreased O3 in the ASMA centre only at the 100 hPa level in July and August, but at lower altitudes and in September the ASMA is dominated by increased O3. The combination of entrainment from the tropopause region, photochemistry and dynamical instabilities can explain the in situ observations, and might have a larger impact on the highly variable trace gas composition of the anticyclone than previously thought.
Ensemble Predictions of Air Pollutants in China in 2013 for Health
Effects Studies Using WRF/CMAQ Modeling System with Four Emission Inventories
Authors: Hu Jianlin , Li Xun , Huang Lin , Ying Qi , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Bin , Wang Shuxiao , Zhang Hongliang
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Accurate exposure estimates are required for health effects analyses of severe air pollution in China. Chemical transport models (CTMs) are widely used tools to provide detailed information of spatial distribution, chemical composition, particle size fractions, and source origins of pollutants. The accuracy of CTMs' predictions in China is largely affected by the uncertainties of public available emission inventories. The Community Multi-scale Air Quality model (CMAQ) with meteorological inputs from the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) were used in this study to simulate air quality in China in 2013. Four sets of simulations were conducted with four different anthropogenic emission inventories, including the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC), the Emission Inventory for China by School of Environment at Tsinghua University (SOE), the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), and the Regional Emission inventory in Asia version 2 (REAS2). Model performance was evaluated against available observation data from 422 sites in 60 cities across China. Model predictions of O3 and PM2.5 with the four inventories generally meet the criteria of model performance, but difference exists in different pollutants and different regions among the inventories. Ensemble predictions were calculated by linearly combining the results from different inventories under the constraint that sum of the squared errors between the ensemble results and the observations from all the cities was minimized. The ensemble annual concentrations show improved agreement with observations in most cities. The mean fractional bias (MFB) and mean fractional errors (MFE) of the ensemble predicted annual PM2.5 at the 60 cities are −0.11 and 0.24, respectively, which are better than the MFB (−0.25–−0.16) and MFE (0.26–0.31) of individual simulations. The ensemble annual 1-hour peak O3 (O3-1 h) concentrations are also improved, with mean normalized bias (MNB) of 0.03 and mean normalized errors (MNE) of 0.14, compared to MNB of 0.06–0.19 and MNE of 0.16–0.22 of the individual predictions. The ensemble predictions agree better with observations with daily, monthly, and annual averaging times in all regions of China for both PM2.5 and O3-1 h. The study demonstrates that ensemble predictions by combining predictions from individual emission inventories can improve the accuracy of predicted temporal and spatial distributions of air pollutants. This study is the first ensemble model study in China using multiple emission inventories and the results are publicly available for future health effects studies.
The observed influence of local anthropogenic pollution on northern Alaskan cloud properties
Authors: Maahn Maximilian , de Boer Gijs , Creamean Jessie M. , Feingold Graham , McFarquhar Greg M. , Wu Wei , Mei Fan
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Due to their importance for the radiation budget, liquid-containing clouds are a key component of the Arctic climate system. Depending on season, they can cool or warm the near-surface air. The radiative properties of these clouds depend strongly on cloud drop sizes, which are governed by the availability of cloud condensation nuclei. Here, we investigate how cloud drop sizes are modified in the presence of local emissions from industrial facilities at the North Slope of Alaska. For this, we use aircraft in-situ observations of clouds and aerosols from the 5th Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (DOE ARM) Program’s Airborne Carbon Measurements (ACME-V) campaign obtained in Summer 2015. Comparison of observations from an area with petroleum extraction facilities (Oliktok Point) with data from a reference area relatively free of anthropogenic sources (Utqiaġvik/Barrow) represents an opportunity to quantify the impact of local industrial emissions on cloud properties. In the presence of local industrial emissions, the mean effective radii of cloud droplets are reduced from 12.2 to 9.8 μm, which leads to a suppression of drizzle production and precipitation. At the same time, concentrations of refractory black carbon and condensation nuclei are enhanced below the clouds. These results demonstrate that the effects of anthropogenic pollution on local climate need to be considered when planning Arctic industrial infrastructure in a warming environment.
Real Time Detection of Airborne Bioparticles in Antarctica
Authors: Crawford Ian , Gallagher Martin W. , Bower Keith N. , Choularton Thomas W. , Flynn Michael J. , Ruske Simon , Listowski Constantino , Brough Neil , Lachlan-Cope Thomas , Fleming Zoë L. , Foot Virginia E. , Stanley Warren R.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. We demonstrate for the first time, continuous real-time observations of airborne bio-fluorescent aerosols recorded at the British Antarctic Survey's Halley VI Research Station, located on the Brunt ice shelf close to the Weddell Sea coast (Lat. 75°34'59"S, Long. 26°10'0"W) during Antarctic Summer, 2015. As part of the NERC MAC (Microphysics of Antarctic Clouds) aircraft aerosol cloud interaction project, observations with a real-time Ultraviolet Light Induced Fluorescence (UV-LIF) spectrometer were conducted to quantify airborne biological containing particle concentrations along with dust particles as a function of wind speed and direction over a three week period. Significant, intermittent enhancements of both non- and bio-fluorescent particles were observed to varying degrees in very specific wind directions and during strong wind events. Analysis of the particle UV induced emission spectra, particle sizes and shapes recorded during these events suggest the majority of particles were likely a subset of dust with weak fluorescence emission responses. A minor fraction, however, were clearly primary biological particles that were very strongly fluorescent, with a subset identified as likely being pollen based on comparison with laboratory data obtained using the same instrument. A strong correlation of biofluorescent particles with wind speed was observed in some, but not all, periods. Interestingly the fraction of fluorescent particles to total particle concentration also increased significantly with wind speed during these events. The enhancement in concentrations of these particles could be interpreted as due to re-suspension from the local ice surface but more likely due to emissions from distal sources within Antarctica as well as intercontinental transport. Likely distal sources identified by back trajectory analyses and dispersion modelling were the coastal ice margin zones in Halley Bay consisting of bird colonies with likely associated high bacterial activity together with contributions from exposed ice margin bacterial colonies but also long range transport from the southern coasts of Argentina and Chile. Average total concentrations of total fluorescent aerosols were found to be 1.9 ± 2.6 L-1 over a 3 week period crossing over from November into December, but peak concentrations during intermittent enhancement events could be up to several 10's L-1. The usefulness of the measurement technique for quantification of airborne bioaerosol concentrations, and to understand their dispersion and potential importance for microbial colonisation of Antarctica is highlighted.
Estimation and evaluation of COSMIC radio occultation excess phase using undifferenced measurements
Authors: Xia Pengfei , Ye Shirong , Jiang Kecai , Chen Dezhong
Published: May 2017

Abstract. In the GPS radio occultation technique, the atmospheric excess phase (AEP) can be used to derive the refractivity, which is an important quantity in numerical weather prediction. The AEP is conventionally estimated based on GPS double-difference or single-difference techniques. These two techniques, however, rely on the reference data in the data processing, increasing the complexity of computation. In this study, an undifferenced (ND) processing strategy is proposed to estimate the AEP. To begin with, we use PANDA (Positioning and Navigation Data Analyst) software to perform the precise orbit determination (POD) for the purpose of acquiring the position and velocity of the mass centre of the COSMIC (The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate) satellites and the corresponding receiver clock offset. The bending angles, refractivity and dry temperature profiles are derived from the estimated AEP using Radio Occultation Processing Package (ROPP) software. The ND method is validated by the COSMIC products in typical rising and setting occultation events. Results indicate that rms (root mean square) errors of relative refractivity differences between undifferenced and atmospheric profiles (atmPrf) provided by UCAR/CDAAC (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Centre) are better than 4 and 3 % in rising and setting occultation events respectively. In addition, we also compare the relative refractivity bias between ND-derived methods and atmPrf profiles of globally distributed 200 COSMIC occultation events on 12 December 2013. The statistical results indicate that the average rms relative refractivity deviation between ND-derived and COSMIC profiles is better than 2 % in the rising occultation event and better than 1.7 % in the setting occultation event. Moreover, the observed COSMIC refractivity profiles from ND processing strategy are further validated using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis data, and the results indicate that the undifferenced method reduces the noise level on the excess phase paths in the lower troposphere compared to the single-difference processing strategy.
A new method for atmospheric detection of the CH3O2 radical
Authors: Onel Lavinia , Brennan Alexander , Seakins Paul W. , Whalley Lisa , Heard Dwayne E.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. A new method for measurement of the methyl peroxy (CH3O2) radical has been developed using the conversion of CH3O2 into CH3O by excess NO with subsequent detection of CH3O by fluorescence assay by gas expansion (FAGE) with laser excitation at ca. 298 nm. The method can also directly detect CH3O, when no nitric oxide is added. Laboratory calibrations were performed to characterise the FAGE instrument sensitivity using the conventional radical source employed in OH calibration with conversion of a known concentration of OH into CH3O2 via reaction with CH4 / O2. Detection limits of 3.8 × 108 molecule cm−3 and 3.0 × 108 molecule cm−3 were determined for CH3O2 and CH3O, respectively for a signal-to-noise ratio of 2 and 5 min averaging time. Averaging over 1 hour reduces the detection limit for CH3O2 to 1.1 × 108 molecule cm−3 comparable to atmospheric concentrations. The kinetics of the second–order decay of CH3O2 via its self–reaction were observed in HIRAC (Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry) at 295 K and 1  bar and used as an alternative method of calibration to obtain a calibration constant with overlapping error limits at the 1σ level with the result of the conventional method of calibration. The overall uncertainties of the two methods of calibrations are similar: 15 % for the kinetic method and 17 % for the conventional method and are discussed in detail. The capability to quantitatively measure CH3O in chamber experiments is demonstrated via observation in HIRAC of CH3O formed as a product of the CH3O2 self–reaction.
Intercomparison of Pandora Stratospheric NO2 Slant Column Product with the NIWA M07 NDACC Standard
Authors: Knepp Travis N. , Querel Richard , Johnston Paul , Thomason Larry , Flittner David , Zawodny Joseph M.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. In September 2014 a Pandora multi-spectral photometer operated by the SAGE-III project was sent to Lauder, New Zealand to operate side-by-side with the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research's (NIWA) Network for Detection of atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) standard zenith slant column NO2 instrument to allow intercomparison between the two instruments, and evaluation of the Pandora unit as a potential SAGE-III validation tool for stratospheric NO2. This intercomparison spanned a full year, from September 2014–September 2015. Both datasets were produced using their respective native algorithms using a common reference spectrum (i.e. 12:00 on 26 February 2015). Throughout the entire deployment period both instruments operated in a zenith-only observation configuration. Though conversion from slant column density (SCD) to vertical-column density is routine (by application of an air mass factor), we limit the current analysis to SCD only. This omission is beneficial in that it provides a strict intercomparison of the two instruments and the retrieval algorithms as opposed to introducing an AMF-dependence in the intercomparison as well. It was observed that the current hardware configurations and retrieval algorithms are in good agreement (R > 0.95). The detailed results of this investigation are presented herein.
CFD simulations to optimize the blade design of water wheels
Authors: Quaranta Emanuele , Revelli Roberto
Published: May 2017

Abstract. At low head sites and at low discharges, water wheels can be considered among the most convenient hydropower converters to install. The aim of this work is to improve the performance of an existing breastshot water wheel by changing the blade shape using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. Three optimal profiles are investigated: the profile of the existing blades, a circular profile and an elliptical profile. The results are validated by performing experimental tests on the wheel with the existing profile. The numerical results show that the efficiency of breastshot wheels is affected by the blade profile. The average increase in efficiency using the new circular profile is about 4 % with respect to the profile of the existing blades.
Unaccompanied minor asylum seekers – processes of subject formation and feelings of belonging in the context of educational experiences in Switzerland
Authors: Bitzi Barbara , Landolt Sara
Published: May 2017

Abstract. This article addresses unaccompanied minor asylum seekers' (UAMs) educational experiences in Switzerland. Drawing on ethnographic research we explore what it means for UAMs to get an education and how having access or not having access to particular forms and spaces of education plays a part in the process of their subject formations. We get insights into such processes in diverse spaces of education and in phases of transition between them. We point out how educational arrangements can produce feelings of belonging and non-belonging and highlight that these feelings are entangled with life experiences and the responsibilities of UAMs in their daily lives in Switzerland. We argue that although at first glance the category unaccompanied minor asylum seeker seems to dominate and determine the formation of a possible educational subject and feelings of belonging for UAMs, the subject formation and feelings of belonging in the highly regulated field of UAMs' education are far more complex and fluid. To capture this complexity, we draw on geographies of education and understand spaces of education as connected to other spaces as UAMs' learning and educational processes are entangled with the demands of their everyday lives.
Evaluation of a cosmic-ray neutron sensor network for improved land surface model prediction
Authors: Baatz Roland , Hendricks Franssen Harrie-Jan , Han Xujun , Hoar Tim , Bogena Heye Reemt , Vereecken Harry
Published: May 2017

Abstract. In situ soil moisture sensors provide highly accurate but very local soil moisture measurements, while remotely sensed soil moisture is strongly affected by vegetation and surface roughness. In contrast, cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNSs) allow highly accurate soil moisture estimation on the field scale which could be valuable to improve land surface model predictions. In this study, the potential of a network of CRNSs installed in the 2354 km2 Rur catchment (Germany) for estimating soil hydraulic parameters and improving soil moisture states was tested. Data measured by the CRNSs were assimilated with the local ensemble transform Kalman filter in the Community Land Model version 4.5. Data of four, eight and nine CRNSs were assimilated for the years 2011 and 2012 (with and without soil hydraulic parameter estimation), followed by a verification year 2013 without data assimilation. This was done using (i) a regional high-resolution soil map, (ii) the FAO soil map and (iii) an erroneous, biased soil map as input information for the simulations. For the regional soil map, soil moisture characterization was only improved in the assimilation period but not in the verification period. For the FAO soil map and the biased soil map, soil moisture predictions improved strongly to a root mean square error of 0.03 cm3 cm−3 for the assimilation period and 0.05 cm3 cm−3 for the evaluation period. Improvements were limited by the measurement error of CRNSs (0.03 cm3 cm−3). The positive results obtained with data assimilation of nine CRNSs were confirmed by the jackknife experiments with four and eight CRNSs used for assimilation. The results demonstrate that assimilated data of a CRNS network can improve the characterization of soil moisture content on the catchment scale by updating spatially distributed soil hydraulic parameters of a land surface model.
Properties of black carbon and other insoluble light-absorbing particles in seasonal snow of northwestern China
Authors: Pu Wei , Wang Xin , Wei Hailun , Zhou Yue , Shi Jinsen , Hu Zhiyuan , Jin Hongchun , Chen Quanliang
Published: May 2017

Abstract. A large field campaign was conducted and 284 snow samples were collected at 38 sites in Xinjiang Province and 6 sites in Qinghai Province across northwestern China from January to February 2012. A spectrophotometer combined with chemical analysis was used to measure the insoluble light-absorbing particles (ILAPs) and chemical components in seasonal snow. The results indicate that the cleanest snow was found in northeastern Xinjiang along the border of China, and it presented an estimated black carbon (CBCest) of approximately 5 ng g−1. The dirtiest snow presented a CBCest of approximately 450 ng g−1 near industrial cities in Xinjiang. Overall, the CBCest of most of the snow samples collected in this campaign was in the range of 10–150 ng g−1. Vertical variations in the snowpack ILAPs indicated a probable shift in emission sources with the progression of winter. An analysis of the fractional contributions to absorption implied that organic carbon (OC) dominated the 450 nm absorption in Qinghai, while the contributions from BC and OC were comparable in Xinjiang. Finally, a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was run to explore the sources of particulate light absorption, and the results indicated an optimal three-factor/source solution that included industrial pollution, biomass burning, and soil dust.
Optical properties of laboratory grown sea ice doped with light absorbing impurities (black carbon)
Authors: Marks Amelia A. , Lamare Maxim L. , King Martin D.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Sea ice radiative-transfer models are of great importance for prediction of future sea ice trends but they are limited by uncertainty in models and requirement for evaluation of modelled irradiance data against measured irradiance data. Presented here are the first results from the Royal Holloway sea ice simulator used to evaluate the output of the TUV-snow radiative-transfer model against the optical properties from the simulated sea ice. The sea ice simulator creates a realistic sea ice environment where both optical (reflectance and light penetration depth (e-folding depth)) and physical (temperature, salinity, density) properties of a ∼ 30 cm thick sea ice can be monitored and measured. Using albedo and e-folding depth data measured from simulated sea ice, scattering and absorption cross-sections of the ice are derived using the TUV-snow model. Absorption cross-sections for the ice are highly wavelength dependent, suggesting the addition of a further absorbing impurity in the ice matching the absorption spectrum of algae. Scattering cross-sections were wavelength independent with values ranging from 0.012 and 0.032 cm2 kg−1 for different ice created in the simulator. Reflectance and light penetration depth (e-folding depth) of sea ice is calculated from the derived values of the scattering and absorption cross-section using the TUV-snow model within error of the experiment. The model is also shown to replicate ice optical properties for sea ice with an extra layer doped with black carbon, well within error of the experiment. Particulate black carbon at mass ratios of 75, 150 and 300 ng g−1 in a 5 cm ice layer lowers the albedo by 97 %, 90 %, and 79 % compared to clean ice at a wavelength of 500 nm.
An investigation of unsteady 3-D effects on trailing edge flaps
Authors: Jost Eva , Fischer Annette , Bangga Galih , Lutz Thorsten , Krämer Ewald
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The present study investigates the impact of unsteady 3-D aerodynamic effects on a wind turbine blade with trailing edge flap by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Harmonic oscillations are simulated on the DTU 10 MW rotor with a morphing flap of 10 % chord extent ranging from 70 to 80 % blade radius. The deflection frequency is varied in the range between 1 and 6 p. To quantify 3-D effects, rotor simulations are compared to 2-D airfoil computations and the 2-D theory by Theodorsen. It was found that the deflection of the flap on the 3-D rotor causes a complex wake development and induction which influences the loads over large parts of the blade. In particular, the rotor near wake with its trailing and shed vortex structures revealed a great impact. Trailing vorticity, a 3-D phenomenon, is caused by the gradient of bound circulation along the blade span. Shed vorticity originates from the temporal bound circulation gradient and is thus also apparent in 2-D. Both lead to an amplitude reduction and shed vorticity additionally to a hysteresis of the lift response with regard to the deflection signal in the flap section. A greater amplitude reduction and a less pronounced hysteresis is observed on the 3-D rotor compared to the 2-D airfoil case. Blade sections neighboring the flap experience, however, an opposing impact and hence partly compensate for the negative effect of trailing vortices in the flap section with respect to integral loads. Comparisons to steady flap deflections at the 3-D rotor revealed the high influence of dynamic inflow effects.
Textural Properties and Enzyme Activity of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Fruit Coated with Chitosan during Storage
Authors: Khaliq Ghulam , Nisa Mehar un , Ramzan Muhammad , Koondhar Naimatullah
Published: May 2017

Mango is a tropical fruit and deteriorates very fast after harvest due to ripening and senescence. This study investigated the effect of different concentration of chitosan coatings 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% on postharvest quality and activities of cell wall degrading enzyme on mango cv. Choke Anan fruit stored at 25°C for 12 days. Fruit not treated with chitosan served as the control. The results showed that pre-storage application of chitosan coatings, especially at 1.5% significantly reduced decay symptoms, weight loss, respiration rate, ion leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and maintained higher firmness of mango fruit as compared to the control. Chitosan coating treatment inhibited polygalactronase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME) enzyme activities. Moreover, chitosan coatings had a positive effect on retaining higher total phenolic and antioxidant activity, which reduced in the control fruit. These results suggest that chitosan coatings might be protected the fruit from quick deterioration and maintained the quality of mango by enhancing the antioxidant defense system during storage.
Nicaragua 1979-2007. Transición a la democracia y perspectivas de su consolidación
Authors: Rovira Mas Jorge
Published: May 2017

A TRAVÉS DE ONCE PROPOSICIONES EL AUTOR ABORDA DE MANERA sucinta el tema de la transición a la democracia representativa del caso de Nicaragua entre los años 1979 y 1990. Explora los factores de consolidación de la democracia que han estado presentes a partir de inicios de la última década del siglo XX y analiza sus progresos, estancamientos o cursos regresivos. Las primeras cuatro proposiciones se refieren al proceso de transición a la democracia representativa; las siguientes, al de consolidación
Amor y trabajo: Historias y memorias de una cooperativa y sus mujeres, Nicaragua 1983-2000
Authors: Rodríguez Wendy Bellanger
Published: May 2017

Este estudio, que retrata una cooperativa y sus mujeres, resulta sugerente y estimulante pues su autora no se conforma con describir la cooperativa y reflexionar sobre su funcionamiento o su inserción en el contexto político. No se dedica solamente a detallar la organización del trabajo, la producción o los pormenores de las transacciones económicas de la cooperativa. Turid Hagene asume el complejo y prolongado reto de explorar la construcción de significado en la vida de las cooperativistas y de escarbar a fondo en sus relaciones, su identidad y sus memorias.
Métodos de análisis de las verbalizaciones: una contribución del análisis textual y análisis conceptual mediante el uso de software
Authors: Escalante Gómez Eduardo
Published: May 2017

Para los investigadores en ciencias humanas y ciencias sociales, el análisis e interpretación conceptual de los textos constituye una etapa importante de sus indagaciones científicas. El investigador en algún momento de la investigación se enfrenta a la interpretación conceptual de los textos.El análisis de textos asistido por computadoras es un método que ayuda al análisis interpretativo de un concepto en un corpus textual, producido por un individuo o un grupo. La finalidad de este tipo de análisis es descubrir el repertorio semántico y categorial asociado con un determinado concepto, con segmentos de texto y con el corpus total.Este tipo de análisis se funda en diferentes fuentes disciplinarias: lingüística,teorías de la enunciación y del discurso, análisis cualitativo y análisis estadístico. En el contexto de este escrito, se define el análisis conceptual como un método interpretativo para la exploración sistemática de las propiedades semánticas y de los elementos indiferenciados ensamblados en un texto o un discurso (Meunier, 1998; Brandom, 1994).
Características de la infección por influenza tipo A en un contexto pandémico en un hospital de Nicaragua
Authors: Porras-Cortés Guillermo , Lawrence-Berroterán Erika , Martínez-Rivas Claudia , Sclafani-Vivas Violeta , Balladares-Munguía Manuel , Rizo-Centeno Salvador
Published: May 2017

Introducción: Este estudio describe las características de los casos de gripe tipo A en un contexto pandémico en pacientes que acudieron con enfermedad respiratoria aguda a un hospital de Nicaragua.Método: Es un estudio descriptivo realizado en el Hospital Metropolitano Vivian Pellas en Nicaragua. Se realizó detección de antígeno del virus de la influenza tipo A por hisopado nasal, con confirmación del Ministerio de Salud de Nicaragua para el subtipo A (H1N1). Resultados: Del 3 al 25 de junio de 2009, 732 pacientes fueron atendidos con enfermedad respiratoria aguda y se les realizó una prueba de detección de antígenos para influenza tipo A. En 134 (18.3%) pacientes la detección de antígeno fue positiva y en 68 de ellos el Ministerio de Salud confirmó el subtipo A (H1N1). En 29.9% de los pacientes se estableció un vínculo epidemiológico de contacto o historia de viaje a zona con casos identificados. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron fiebre, tos, secreción nasal, malestar general, estornudos, dolor de garganta y cefalea. Conclusión: En este grupo de pacientes con enfermedad respiratoria aguda, con características clínicas propias de la gripe, se observó un patrón de transmisión local más que de casos importados.
“A World of Gangs” de John Hagedorn
Authors: Rocha José Luis
Published: May 2017

John Hagedorn es actualmente investigador y profesor de justicia criminal en la Universidad de Illinois-Chicago y director del Centro Kenneth B. Clark para el estudio de la violencia en comunidades. Llegó hasta esas posiciones luego de un alargado periplo. En los años 60 abandonó la secundaria para sumarse a los movimientos políticos de lucha por los derechos civiles y no volvió a poner un pie en las aulas de clase sino hasta entrada la década de los años 80. Sus arrestos y enfrentamientos con las autoridades lo prepararon para entender mejor la voluntad criminalizadora de los dominantes y el tuétano de las vivencias de los jóvenes pandilleros. Estudioso de lo criminal, fue antes reputado como tal por sus correrías como activista político, que lo condujeron a la cárcel en varias ocasiones… y no como investigador.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL NATURAL À EROSÃO LAMINAR NA BACIA DO RIO JACARÉ GUAÇÚ (SP) - DETERMINATION OF NATURAL POTENTIAL FOR SOIL EROSION IN JACARÉ GUAÇÚ STREAM BASIN (SÃO PAULO STATE - BRAZIL)
Authors: Souza Vladimir , Galvani Emerson
Published: May 2017

Este trabalho tem como objetivo determinar o potencial natural à erosão (PNE) na bacia do rio Jacaré Guaçú (SP) com base nos fatores físicos da Equação Universal de Perdas de Solos (EUPS). Dados pedológicos, de precipitação pluviométrica e de Sensoriamento Remoto foram usados para determinar as variáveis naturais do referido modelo, ou seja, erosividade das chuvas (fator R), erodibilidade dos solos (fator K), comprimento de rampa (fator L) e declividade do terreno (fator S). Técnicas de Geoprocessamento desenvolvidas em Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) foram utilizadas para a estruturação e execução do modelo ambiental. Os resultados demonstram que o fator R da área de estudo varia entre 6392 e 8015 MJ.ha.mm-1.h-1.ano-1, o fator K está compreendido entre 0,0097 e 0,610 t.ha-1.MJ-1.mm-1 e o fator topográfico (LS) predominante é menor que 4. Em relação ao PNE, dentre as classes definidas, destacam-se os locais classificados com alto, muito baixo, extremamente alto e muito alto potencial, com representatividade em mais de 90% da área de estudo. Os locais com PNE médio e baixo ocupam menos de 10% da bacia hidrográfica. Os resultados obtidos podem auxiliar no ordenamento territorial da área de estudo, sobretudo no que diz respeito ao gerenciamento e expansão das atividades agropecuárias.ABSTRACTThis paper aims to determine the natural erosion potential in Jacaré Guaçú stream basin (São Paulo State - Brazil) based in the physical factors of Universal Loss Soil Equation (ULSE). Pedological, rainfall and Remote Sensing data were used to define the natural variables of model, that is, rainfall erosivity (R factor), soil erodibility (K factor) and topography (LS factor). Geoprocessing techniques developed in Geographic Information System (GIS) were used to structure and execute the environmental model allowing determining areas with higher erosion risk. The results show that the areas classified as high, very low, extremely high and very high potential occupy more than 90% of study area. The areas with medium and low natural erosion potential occupy less than 10% of Jacaré Guaçú stream basin. The results can contribute to land use planning in the study area, particularly in management and expansion of agricultural activities.
A ESPACIALIZAÇÃO BANCÁRIA NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ: CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA UMA GEOGRAFIA FINANCEIRA - BANKING SPACE IN THE STATE OF PARANÁ, BRAZIL: A CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS A FINANCIAL GEOGRAPHY
Authors: Videira Sandra Lúcia , Prada Joanderson Da Silva
Published: May 2017

O estudo da rede de agências bancárias tem grande importância, na medida em que essas são o principal meio de acesso e oferta dos serviços bancários e, reveladoras da dinâmica econômica em um dado lugar. Estudos recentes apontam que as agências não se espacializam de modo neutro ou indiferenciado ao longo do território brasileiro e, tendem-se a concentrar em alguns poucos locais considerados atrativos a sua atuação. A consequência disso é a formação de diferentes densidades territoriais no que se refere a presença de agências bancárias. A partir desses referenciais, o presente trabalho tem como preocupação o estudo da rede de agências bancárias no estado do Paraná, de modo a compreender como as agências bancárias estão espacializadas nesse estado, verificando com isso a existência de locais mais e menos atrativos a sua atuação, contribuindo assim para suprir a lacuna de pesquisas sobre uma Geografia Financeira do Estado do Paraná. A pesquisa revelou que a espacialização bancária no estado paranaense não difere da tendência à concentração manifestada em outras escalas, reforçando a tese de que as agências bancárias estão onde há maior drenagem do capital, as cidades mais dinâmicas economicamente. Embora espacializadas de modo extremamente diverso, as agências atuam no Paraná tendo uma tendência básica: a de se localizarem de modo concentrado.ABSTRACTStudies on the bank agencies network are highly relevant due to the fact that they are the main means of access and supply of bank services, revealing the region´s economical dynamics. Analyses have shown that bank agencies do not occupy space in a neutral or indifferent manner within Brazil and a trend towards their concentration in a reduced number of attractive spaces may be perceived. The result is the formation of different territorial densities regarding the presence of agencies banking. Current paper focuses on bank agencies in the state of Paraná, Brazil, to understand how they are spatialized in the state, to discover the existence of places which are more or less appealing for banking and to fill a gap in research work on the Financial Geography in that state. Research reveals that banking space in the state of Paraná does not differ from the concentration trend shown in other areas. The above reinforces the idea that bank agencies exist where the highest capital exchange is extant, or rather, in economically dynamic town and cities. Although extremely different way of spatialized, agencies operating in Paraná with a basic trend: they are located concentrate mode.
ESTABILIDADE DE CANAIS FLUVIAIS EM TORNO DE PONTES E BUEIROS NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO PARANÁ III, OESTE DO PARANÁ - EVALUATION OF THE CHANNEL STABILITY IN BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN PARANÁ III WATERSHED, WESTERN PARANÁ STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: Neri Bortoluzzi Leandro , Quinonez Fernandez Oscar Vicente
Published: May 2017

As obras de engenharia como pontes, pontilhões e bueiros acarretam mudanças nos processos fluviais que afetam o equilíbrio morfodinâmico e a estabilidade dos canais. O presente trabalho se propõe avaliar o nível de estabilidade dos canais fluviais em torno das citadas obras de engenharia na bacia hidrográfica do Paraná III situada na região Oeste do Estado do Paraná, adotando a metodologia da FHWA (2006). A área da bacia é de 7.979,4 km² e nela predominam rochas basálticas da Formação Serra Geral (Cretáceo) que integram o Terceiro Planalto Paranaense. O nível de estabilidade do canal foi analisado em torno de 46 estruturas (18 pontes, seis pontilhões, 15 bueiros celulares de concreto e sete bueiros tubulares de concreto), todas situadas em estradas federais, estaduais e municipais asfaltadas. Dentre os pontos analisados, 13 estruturas foram classificadas como de nível Excelente e 33 como de nível Bom. Em torno das pontes e pontilhões o número de canais com níveis Excelente e Bom foram iguais, enquanto que nos bueiros predominaram amplamente os níveis Bom, mostrando que as primeiras estruturas criaram menos impactos nos canais fluviais do que os bueiros. Não foi registrado nenhuma estrutura com estabilidade Regular ou Pobre. O predomínio de altos níveis de estabilidade é creditado ao afloramento do substrato basáltico no leito e a baixa erodibilidade dos solos das margens (Nitossolos e Neossolos) conferindo maior estabilidade ao canal. ABSTRACTThe bridges and culverts alter the natural conditions of rivers, causing changes in fluvial processes. The level of stability of river banks and beds around crossing structures was evaluated in the Paraná III watershed, Western region of Paraná State (Brazil), adopting the methodology of FHWA (2006). A watershed has an area of 7,979.4 Km2 and it predominantly basaltic rocks of the Serra Geral Formation (Cretaceous) that make up the basalt plateau with altitudes ranging between 220 and 725 m. The degree of channel stability was analyzed at 46 structures (18 bridges, 15 culverts box, 7 culverts pipe and 6 small bridges). We selected all crossings structures located in the Paraná III watershed along paved roads, positioned outside the urban area. Among the crossings structure, 13 were classified as excellent level of stability and 33 as good level. It was not registered any points with regular or poor stability. The prevalence of high levels of stability is credited to the outcrop of basalt substrate in bed and the low erodibility of the banks soils (Oxisols and Ultisols) providing greater stability to the channel in the vicinity of the structures.
GEOGRAFIA NA PRÉ-ESCOLA - DESAFIOS DE UMA ALFABETIZAÇÃO CARTOGRÁFICA - GEOGRAPHY IN KINDERGARTEN - CHALLENGES OF A CARTOGRAPHIC ALPHABETIZATION
Authors: Silva Franciele Pedroso , Dias Eliza , Verdum Roberto
Published: May 2017

Mapas são ferramentas fundamentais para o ensino de Geografia, tanto sendo instrumentos de orientação e localização do público em geral como fundamentais na representação de temas e definição de estratégias locacionais. Assim perceber os elementos que estão representados nos mapas é substancial para a leitura e interpretação dos espaços geográficos. Neste sentido, a alfabetização cartográfica deve iniciar desde a pré-escola, para a construção da evolução das noções de espaço geográfico. Em seguida, deve-se dar continuidade nas séries iniciais, assim, após essas etapas concluídas, os alunos estarão aptos a ler, interpretar, questionar e produzir mapas. Ou seja, deve-se instrumentalizar os cidadãos a ler e se reconhecer no espaço geográfico através dos mapas, como essência da sua existência social.  No presente artigo expomos o trabalho realizado  com alunos de pré-escola, na Escola Municipal Nossa Senhora de Fátima, em Porto Alegre/RS,  cujo principal objetivo foi desenvolver as noções de alfabetização cartográfica, a partir do (re) conhecimento do lugar onde moram. O trabalho foi concebido através de oficinas divididas em cinco etapas, sendo elas: 1. O caminho; 2. O glossário e as imagens; 3. O dado; 4. Onde estou?; 5. Onde fica a minha casa? O desenvolvimento das oficinas se deu em conjunto com os referenciais teórico-metodológicos da Pedagogia, onde na prática escolar com os alunos foram utilizados  os elementos do cotidiano deles para a alfabetização escrita, concomitante à cartográfica.ABSTRACTMaps are fundamental tools for the teaching of Geography, to acknowledge the elements represented on the maps are substantial to the reading and interpretation of spaces. Cartographic alphabetization should begin at kindergarten, for the construction of evolution of spatial impressions, therefore, should continue the effort on initial grades, and, after these steps are concluded, students while be capable of reading,  interpreting, questioning and making maps. It must equip citizens to read and recognize the geographical space through maps, as the essence of their social existence. In the present article, we work with kindergarten students, in the Elementary School Nossa Senhora de Fátima, in Porto Alegre/RS, which the main purpose was developing the ideas of cartographic alphabetization from recognizing the place where they live. These workshops were developed together with Pedagogy that resort to everyday elements of students to the written and cartographic alphabetization.
CONCENTRAÇÃO DIÁRIA DA PRECIPITAÇÃO NA BACIA DO ALTO IGUAÇU, PARANÁ, BRASIL - CONCENTRATION INDEX OF RAINFALL IN THE UPPER BASIN IGUAÇU, PARANÁ, BRAZIL
Authors: Pinheiro Gabriela Marques , Vide Javier Martin
Published: May 2017

A Bacia do Alto Iguaçu/Paraná, localizada no sul do Brasil, encontra-se exposta a riscos derivados das inundações, sobretudo nos meses de verão (dezembro, janeiro e fevereiro). Durante este período a bacia experimenta precipitações convectivas associadas a sistemas frontais juntamente com o aquecimento local. Además, as precipitações convectivas estão associadas com a entrada de umidade procedente do norte do Brasil. Dada a sua concentração e seu grande volume total, o conhecimento da precipitação em escala diária é essencial para o planejamento e gestão da bacia. Em particular, a compreensão dos padrões de precipitação diária torna-se essencial para o planejamento e gestão do território, assim como para a conservação dos recursos naturais. Com base no conhecimento da área de estudo, este trabalho utiliza o índice de concentração da precipitação (CI) para determinar os potencias impactos da precipitação diária. O índice foi aplicado para 18 estações meteorológicas com dados homogeneizados de qualidade, para o período de 1980 a 2010. Os valores foram calculados considerando os totais e a sazonalidade, com o intuito de verificar possíveis variações. Os valores do índice de concentração, foram altos durante o outono e inverno, já durante a primavera e o verão, apresentaram-se moderados.ABSTRACTThe Upper Iguaçu Basin/Paraná, located in the South of Brazil, is exposed to flood risk, mainly during summer months (December, January and February). During this period, the basin undergoes convective precipitation associated with frontal systems with local heating. Besides that, the convective precipitation is related to the moisture entrance from the North of Brazil. Given its concentration at time and large total volume, the knowledge of the resolution of daily rainfall is very important. Particularly, the comprehension of the daily rainfall patterns is essential for planning and management of land and to the conservation of natural resources. Based on area knowledge, this paper uses the concentration index (IC) to determine the potential impacts of daily rainfall. The index was applied in 18 meteorological stations within homogenized quality for the period 1970-2010. The values were calculated considering the the total amount and the sazonality, with the purpose of check possible variations.The values of the Concentration Index were high during fall and winter, and during summer and spring it reveals to be moderate.
Mobile-Assisted Seamless Learning Activities in Higher Distance Education
Authors: Amhag Lisbeth
Published: May 2017

Among online learning factors stated in the research literature, it is argued that online activities is the strongest factor which contributes to online learning. This article illuminates mobile-assisted seamless learning activities by using laptops, tablets, or smart phones. Two conditions are compared, a) face-to-face (F2F) online webinars (web-based seminars or conferencing), b) the elements of part a, but complemented by teacher-recorded flipped classroom-videos (pre-lectures) before the F2F online webinars. Data collection consists of observations of 22 recorded F2F online webinars among 40 vocational student teachers divided into groups of 18 and 22 participants, and 12 interviews (six from each group, including both women and men). The study is theoretically within the research concept of mobile-assisted seamless learning: mediated learning anytime, anywhere, and in different contexts. The results raise some challenges and implications presented by using mobile digital devices to expand participation and motivation across different contexts for creation of ubiquitous knowledge access.