bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semilinear $$\sigma $$-evolution models with friction and visco-elastic type damping
Authors: Kainane Mezadek Mohamed , Kainane Mezadek Mourad , Reissig Michael
Published: August 2022

In this paper we study the global (in time) existence of small data Sobolev solutions to the Cauchy problem for semilinear $$\sigma $$
σ
-evolution models with friction and visco-elastic damping and with a power nonlinearity, namely,
$$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u_{tt}+ (-\Delta )^\sigma u + u_t +(- \Delta )^\sigma u_t=\big ||D|^au\big |^p,\\ u(0,x)=0,\quad u_{t}(0,x)=u_1(x),\end{array} \right. \end{aligned}$$

u

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,

where $$\sigma \ge 1$$

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, $$p>1$$

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, and the data $$u_1\in L^m(\mathbb {R}^n) \cap H^{s-2\sigma }_q(\mathbb {R}^n) $$

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∈

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m

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∩

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q

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with $$s\ge 2\sigma $$

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, $$q\in (1,\infty )$$

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and $$m\in [1,q)$$

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∈
[
1
,
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. In the power nonlinearity we suppose $$a\in [0,2\sigma )$$

a
∈
[
0
,
2
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)

. We are interested in connections between regularity assumptions for the data and the admissible range of exponents p in the power nonlinearity.
Global Stability of the Pluriclosed Flow on Compact Simply Connected Simple Lie Groups of Rank Two
Authors: Barbaro Giuseppe
Published: August 2022

We compute the (1,1)-Aeppli cohomology of compact simply connected simple Lie groups of rank two. In particular, we verify that they are of dimension one and generated by the classes of the Bismut flat metrics coming from the Killing forms. This yields a result on the stability of the pluriclosed flow on these manifolds. Moreover, we show that for compact simply connected simple Lie groups of rank two the Dolbeaut cohomology, as well as the Bott–Chern and the Aeppli cohomologies, arises from just the left-invariant forms and we computed the whole Bott–Chern diamonds of SU(3) and Spin(5) when they are equipped with a left-invariant isotropic complex structure.
Suspension fixation of iliac bone grafts under arthroscopy is an effective method for the treatment of unstable bony Bankart disease of the shoulder joint in patients with joint relaxation
Authors: Zhou Peng , Shao HongBin , Zhao MaoSheng , Yang XiaoJie , Hao Zuobin , Chen Zhao , Li Shensong , Zhang Peng
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the results of arthroscopic autologous iliac bone graft suspension fixation combined with the Remplissage procedure in the treatment of recurrent shoulder dislocation with bony Bankart lesions and joint hyperlaxity.

Methods

From 2018 to 2020, 22 patients with joint laxity underwent arthroscopic autologous iliac bone graft suspension fixation and Bankart repair combined with the Remplissage procedure due to recurrent shoulder dislocation. Clinical assessment included range of motion (forward flexion, abduction, 90° external rotation, conventional external rotation, adduction, and internal rotation), visual analog scale (VAS) score, Rowe score, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score, and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) score. Post-operatively, the healing of the bone graft was evaluated with computed tomography (CT) scanning.

Results

All 22 patients were followed up for a mean of 19.3 ± 4.1 months. CT imaging showed that the healing time of the bone graft was 6–8 weeks. The patient satisfaction rate was 100%, there were no cases of redislocation, all patients returned to their preinjury training state, and the fear test was negative. At the final follow-up, the UCLA, VAS, Rowe, and WOSI scores were 29.8 ± 2.1, 2.2 ± 0.8, 89.4 ± 4.2, and 482.3 ± 46.2, respectively (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Arthroscopic autologous iliac bone graft suspension fixation and Bankart repair combined with the Remplissage procedure are effective in preventing recurrent instability with joint hyperlaxity. Furthermore, no patient had redislocation.

Level of evidence

IV.
Bayesian modelling of piecewise trends and discontinuities to improve the estimation of coastal vertical land motion
Authors: Oelsmann Julius , Passaro Marcello , Sánchez Laura , Dettmering Denise , Schwatke Christian , Seitz Florian
Published: August 2022

One of the major sources of uncertainty affecting vertical land motion (VLM) estimations are discontinuities and trend changes. Trend changes are most commonly caused by seismic deformation, but can also stem from long-term (decadal to multidecadal) surface loading changes or from local origins. Although these issues have been extensively addressed for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data, there is limited knowledge of how such events can be directly detected and mitigated in VLM, derived from altimetry and tide-gauge differences (SATTG). In this study, we present a novel Bayesian approach to automatically and simultaneously detect such events, together with the statistics commonly estimated to characterize motion signatures. Next to GNSS time series, for the first time, we directly estimate discontinuities and trend changes in VLM data inferred from SATTG. We show that, compared to estimating a single linear trend, accounting for such variable velocities significantly increases the agreement of SATTG with GNSS values (on average by 0.36 mm/year) at 339 globally distributed station pairs. The Bayesian change point detection is applied to 606 SATTG and 381 GNSS time series. Observed VLM, which is identified as linear (i.e. where no significant trend changes are detected), has a substantially higher consistency with large-scale VLM effects of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) and contemporary mass redistribution (CMR). The standard deviation of SATTG (and GNSS) trend differences with respect to GIA+CMR trends is by 38% (and 48%) lower for time series with constant velocity compared to variable velocities. Given that in more than a third of the SATTG time series variable velocities are detected, the results underpin the importance to account for such features, in particular to avoid extrapolation biases of coastal VLM and its influence on relative sea-level-change determination. The Bayesian approach uncovers the potential for a better characterization of SATTG VLM changes on much longer periods and is widely applicable to other geophysical time series.
Direct correlation of MRI with histopathology in pediatric renal tumors through the use of a patient-specific 3-D-printed cutting guide: a feasibility study
Authors: van der Beek Justine N. , Fitski Matthijs , de Krijger Ronald R. , Wijnen Marc H. W. A. , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M. , Vermeulen Marijn A. , van der Steeg Alida F. W. , Littooij Annemieke S.
Published: August 2022

Background

Pediatric renal tumors are often heterogeneous lesions with variable regions of distinct histopathology. Direct comparison between in vivo imaging and ex vivo histopathology might be useful for identification of discriminating imaging features.

Objective

This feasibility study explored the use of a patient-specific three-dimensional (3D)-printed cutting guide to ensure correct alignment (orientation and slice thickness) between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathology.

Materials and methods

Before total nephrectomy, a patient-specific cutting guide based on each patient’s preoperative renal MRI was generated and 3-D printed, to enable consistent transverse orientation of the histological specimen slices with MRI slices. This was expected to result in macroscopic slices of 5 mm each. The feasibility of the technique was determined qualitatively, through questionnaires administered to involved experts, and quantitatively, based on structured measurements including overlap calculation using the dice similarity coefficient.

Results

The cutting guide was used in eight Wilms tumor patients receiving a total nephrectomy, after preoperative chemotherapy. The median age at diagnosis was 50 months (range: 4–100 months). The positioning and slicing of the specimens were rated overall as easy and the median macroscopic slice thickness of each specimen ranged from 5 to 6 mm. Tumor consistency strongly influenced the practical application of the cutting guide. Digital correlation of a total of 32 slices resulted in a median dice similarity coefficient of 0.912 (range: 0.530–0.960).

Conclusion

We report the feasibility of a patient-specific 3-D-printed MRI-based cutting guide for pediatric renal tumors, allowing improvement of the correlation of MRI and histopathology in future studies.
Life at the periphery: what makes CHO cells survival talents
Authors: Jerabek Tobias , Klingler Florian , Raab Nadja , Zeh Nikolas , Pfannstiel Jens , Otte Kerstin
Published: August 2022

The production of biopharmaceuticals relies on robust cell systems that can produce recombinant proteins at high levels and grow and survive in the stressful bioprocess environment. Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) as the main production hosts offer a variety of advantages including robust growth and survival in a bioprocess environment. Cell surface proteins are of special interest for the understanding of how CHO cells react to their environment while maintaining growth and survival phenotypes, since they enable cellular reactions to external stimuli and potentially initiate signaling pathways. To provide deeper insight into functions of this special cell surface sub-proteome, pathway enrichment analysis of the determined CHO surfaceome was conducted. Enrichment of growth/ survival-pathways such as the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)–protein kinase B (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT), and RAP1 pathways were observed, offering novel insights into how cell surface receptors and ligand-mediated signaling enable the cells to grow and survive in a bioprocess environment. When supplementing surfaceome data with RNA expression data, several growth/survival receptors were shown to be co-expressed with their respective ligands and thus suggesting self-induction mechanisms, while other receptors or ligands were not detectable. As data about the presence of surface receptors and their associated expressed ligands may serve as base for future studies, further pathway characterization will enable the implementation of optimization strategies to further enhance cellular growth and survival behavior.

Key points

•PI3K/AKT, MAPK, JAK-STAT, and RAP1 pathway receptors are enriched on the CHO cell surface and downstream pathways present on mRNA level.

•Detected pathways indicate strong CHO survival and growth phenotypes.

•Potential self-induction of surface receptors and respective ligands.

Graphical abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission: a meta-analysis
Authors: Masetti Riccardo , Muratore Edoardo , Gori Davide , Prete Arcangelo , Locatelli Franco
Published: August 2022

Identification of pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) candidates to receive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in first complete remission (CR1) is still a matter of debate. Currently, transplantation is reserved to patients considered at high risk of relapse based on cytogenetics, molecular biology, and minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment. However, no randomized clinical trial exists in the literature comparing transplantation with other types of consolidation therapy. Here, we provide an up-to-date meta-analysis of studies comparing allo-HSCT in CR1 with chemotherapy alone as a post-remission treatment in high-risk pediatric AML. The literature search strategy identified 10 cohorts from 9 studies performing as-treated analysis. The quantitative synthesis showed improved overall survival (OS) (relative risk, 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.24;P = 0.0006) and disease-free survival (relative risk, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.17–1.47;P = 0.0001) in the allo-HSCT group, with increased relapse rate in the chemotherapy group (relative risk, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.07–1.49;P = 0.006). Sensitivity analysis including prospective studies alone and excluding studies that reported the comparison only on intermediate-risk patients confirmed the benefit of allo-HSCT on OS. Further research should focus on individualizing allo-HSCT indications based on molecular stratification and MRD monitoring.
Improving performances of biomimetic wings with leading-edge tubercles
Authors: Moscato Giorgio , Mohamed Jais , Romano Giovanni Paolo
Published: August 2022

The present study aims investigating experimentally wing/blade geometries in which the leading edge is modified by the presence of artificial bumps, following examples in nature (“biomimetics”). Specifically, the tubercles observed in humpback whales are considered with a special focus on easy manufacturing and performance improvements, trying to overcome the observed lift coefficient reduction before stall in comparison with a standard wing. To this end, different tubercle geometries are tested, by measuring overall forces acting on the wings and by deriving detailed velocity fields using particle image velocimetry. Measurements indicate performance improvements for all trailing edge tubercle geometries here tested. In addition, the detailed analysis of mechanisms underlying the improvement of performances suggests that a triangular shape of the leading edge combines the advantages of easy manufacturing and improvements of pre-stall behaviour. So far, a simple mathematical model, describing tubercles as delta wings, is presented and verified by experimental data. The objective of the present work is focusing on the basic fluid-mechanics phenomena involved, to show that beneficial effects of tubercles are present even when tubercle details are simplified, in order to couple performance improvement and ease of assembly.

Graphical Abstract
Autonomic dysfunction in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Baschieri Francesca , Vitiello Maria , Cortelli Pietro , Calandra-Buonaura Giovanna , Morgante Francesca
Published: August 2022

Background

The degree of involvement of the autonomic nervous system in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) has been investigated in several studies, often providing conflicting results. There is a need for a better characterization of autonomic dysfunction in PSP, to enhance our understanding of this highly disabling neurodegenerative disease including patients’ needs and possibly be of value for clinicians in the differential diagnosis among Parkinsonian syndromes.

Methods

We applied a systematic methodology to review existing literature on Pubmed regarding autonomic nervous system involvement in PSP.

Results

PSP reported quite frequently symptoms suggestive of autonomic dysfunction in all domains. Cardiovascular autonomic testing showed in some cases a certain degree of impairment (never severe). There was some evidence suggesting bladder dysfunction particularly in the storage phase. Dysphagia and constipation were the most common gastrointestinal symptoms. Instrumental tests seemed to confirm sudomotor and pupillomotor disturbances.

Conclusions

PSP patients frequently reported visceral symptoms, however objective testing showed that not always these reflected actual autonomic impairment. Further studies are needed to better delineate autonomic profile and its prognostic role in PSP.
Potency of botulinum toxin drugs: test systems and labelling
Authors: Dressler Dirk , Johnson Eric A
Published: August 2022

Cell-based assays are a novel method to determine potency of botulinum toxin drugs. Manufacturers are working on their acquisition, development and implementation to reduce animal consumption during the manufacturing process. Potency labelling of botulinum toxin drugs differes principally between Ipsen and the other manufacturers. Reference to a uniform international standard would avoid this potentially dangerous situation. However, this has not been demanded by the registration authorities and has not been persued by the manufacturers for decades.
Does prednisone use in pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis induce insulin resistance in the offspring?
Authors: de Steenwinkel Florentien D. O. , Dolhain Radboud J. E. M. , Hazes Johanna M. W. , Hokken-Koelega Anita C. S.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The use of long-term corticosteroids during pregnancy has been growing over the past decades. Corticosteroids can be given when an auto-inflammatory disease like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is too active. Several studies have shown that long-term corticosteroids use in pregnancy is associated with maternal and fetal adverse outcomes, like preeclampsia, shorter gestational age, lower birth weight, and rapid catch-up growth. These last two outcomes could influence the insulin resistance later in life. Our objective was to investigate whether prednisone use in pregnant women with RA induces insulin resistance in offspring.

Methods

One hundred three children were included after their mother had participated in a prospective cohort study on RA and pregnancy. Forty-two children were in utero exposed to prednisone and 61 were non-exposed. To assess insulin resistance, we measured homeostasis model of assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and serum adiponectin and lipid levels, corrected for body fat distribution.

Results

An average of 6 mg prednisone on a daily use gave no difference in mean HOMA-IR (SD) between the children who were prednisone-exposed in utero (1.10 (0.84)) and those non-exposed (1.09 (0.49)). No difference was found in mean adiponectin level, body fat distribution, or lipid levels such as total cholesterol, fasting triglyceride, or high-density lipoprotein.

Conclusion

Children who are prednisone-exposed in utero (low dose) have no increased risk for insulin resistance at the age of approximately 7 years. These findings are reassuring because the prednisone use during pregnancy is increasing worldwide. Further research has to be performed to evaluate if the insulin resistance remains absent in the future.

Key Points• What is already known on this topic—long-term corticosteroids use in pregnancy is associated with fetal adverse outcomes, like lower birth weight and rapid catch-up growth which can influence the insulin resistance later in life.• What this study adds—long-term corticosteroids use in pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis has no increased risk for insulin resistance in the offspring.• How this study might affect research, practice, or policy—findings are reassuring because prednisone use during pregnancy is increasing worldwide. Further research should evaluate if the insulin resistance remains absent in the future.
Cooperation between artificial intelligence and endoscopists for diagnosing invasion depth of early gastric cancer
Authors: Goto Atsushi , Kubota Naoto , Nishikawa Jun , Ogawa Ryo , Hamabe Koichi , Hashimoto Shinichi , Ogihara Hiroyuki , Hamamoto Yoshihiko , Yanai Hideo , Miura Osamu , Takami Taro
Published: August 2022

Background and study aims

The diagnostic ability of endoscopists to determine invasion depth of early gastric cancer is not favorable. We designed an artificial intelligence (AI) classifier for differentiating intramucosal and submucosal gastric cancers and examined it to establish a diagnostic method based on cooperation between AI and endoscopists.

Patients and methods

We prepared 500 training images using cases of mainly depressed-type early gastric cancer from 250 intramucosal cancers and 250 submucosal cancers. We also prepared 200 test images each of 100 cancers from another institution. We designed an AI classifier to differentiate between intramucosal and submucosal cancers by deep learning. We examined the performance of the AI classifier and the majority vote of the endoscopists as high confidence and low confidence diagnostic probability, respectively, and cooperatively combined them to establish a diagnostic method providing high accuracy.

Results

Internal evaluation of the training images showed that accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 measure by the AI classifier were 77%, 76%, 78%, and 0.768, and those of the majority vote of the endoscopists were 72.6%, 53.6%, 91.6%, and 0.662, respectively. A diagnostic method based on cooperation between AI and the endoscopists showed that the respective values were 78.0%, 76.0%, 80.0%, and 0.776 for the test images. The value of F1 measure was especially higher than those by AI or the endoscopists alone.

Conclusions

Cooperation between AI and endoscopists improved the diagnostic ability to determine invasion depth of early gastric cancer.
Validation of a practice-oriented floor spectra formulation through actual data from the 2016/2017 Central Italy earthquake
Authors: Degli Abbati Stefania , Cattari Serena , Lagomarsino Sergio
Published: August 2022

Analytical expressions for the floor spectra evaluation play a key role in the correct definition of the seismic input induced to non-structural elements or local mechanisms in existing buildings. They have to be able properly assessing the possible amplification phenomena, but also correctly describing the effects of nonlinearities due to structural damage. Due to the complexity of such phenomena, data on existing structures hit by earthquakes constitute a precious source for a better understanding of the topic and the validation of analytical expressions. In this framework, the paper aim is twofold. On one hand, it evaluates the entity of seismic amplification through experimental evidences fromin-situmeasurements on two existing monitored unreinforced structures. On the other hand, it presents the application on them of an analytical expression for the floor spectra already developed by the Authors. The case-studies are the former courthouse of Fabriano (Ancona, Italy) and the Pizzoli’s town hall (L’Aquila, Italy). They were both hit by the 2016/2017 earthquake in Central Italy and are permanently monitored by the Italian seismic monitoring system of the Italian Department of Civil Protection. With the aim of validating the above-mentioned expression, the paper shows the comparison between experimental and analytical floor spectra for various minor events and mainshocks of the Central Italy earthquake. Since the two case-studies exhibited different damage levels (from slight to moderate, respectively), the comparison allowed us to verify the reliability of the expression both in the pseudo-elastic and moderate nonlinear fields.
Invasion patterns and niche comparison of the butterfly Cacyreus marshalli among native and non-native range
Authors: Martelli Francesca , Paradiso Federica , Ghidotti Silvia , Viterbi Ramona , Cerrato Cristiana , Bonelli Simona
Published: August 2022

Alien species introduction is a global phenomenon involving different invasion patterns and is characterized by niche conservatism or shift. We describe the spatial distribution ofCacyreus marshalliButler, [1898] (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in its native (southern Africa) and invaded (Europe) ranges.C. marshalliis the only alien butterfly in Europe, introduced by the trade of ornamentalPelargoniumplants, and might threaten native lycaenids because of the chance of its naturalization on indigenousGeraniumspp. In Europe,C. marshalliis widespread in the Mediterranean basin, but absent in northern countries. We investigate invasion patterns and their temporal dynamics in Italy, the most extensively invaded country, identifying three phases and different rates of spread resulting from multiple introductions and human-mediated movements. We also characterize and compare the native and invasive ecological niches ofC. marshalliwith a multivariate approach based on bioclimatic, ecological and human demographic variables. The little overlap between the native and invaded niches (12.6%) indicates a shift in the realized niche ofC. marshalli. While the expansion potential ofC. marshalliin Europe remains constrained by the distribution of suitable host plants, our niche comparison analysis suggests the species has already invaded new ecological and climatic spaces. This includes colder areas than would be suggested by its native distribution in Africa.
Role of the Tibetan plateau glaciers in the Asian summer monsoon
Authors: Goswami Bidyut Bikash , An Soon-Il , Murtugudde Raghu
Published: August 2022

The Tibetan plateau (TP) plays an important role in the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) dynamics as a heat source during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. A significant contribution to the pre-monsoon TP heating comes from the sensible heat flux (SHF), which depend on the surface properties. A glaciated surface would have a different SHF compared to a non-glaciated surface. Therefore, the TP glaciers potentially can also impact the hydrological cycle in the Asian continent by impacting the ASM rainfall via its contribution to the total plateau heating. However, there is no assessment of this putative link available. Here, we attempt to qualitatively study the role of TP glaciers on ASM by analyzing the sensitivity of an atmospheric model to the absence of TP glaciers. We find that the absence of the glaciers is most felt in climatologically less snowy regions (which are mostly located at the south-central boundary of the TP during the pre-monsoon season), which leads to positive SHF anomalies. The resulting positive diabatic heating leads to rising air in the eastern TP and sinking air in the western TP. This altered circulation in turn leads to a positive SHF memory in the western TP, which persists until the end of the monsoon season. The impact of SHF anomalies on diabatic heating results in a large-scale subsidence over the ASM domain. The net result is a reduced seasonal ASM rainfall. Given the relentless warming and the vulnerability of glaciers to warming, this is another flag in the ASM variability and change that needs further attention.
Modeling the impact of intrinsic coding interest on STEM career interest: evidence from senior high school students in two large Chinese cities
Authors: Jiang Haozhe , Chugh Ritesh , Turnbull Darren , Wang Xiaoqin , Chen Suting
Published: August 2022

The problem motivating this study is the urgent need to explore the antecedents of STEM career interest and the growing importance of coding in STEM careers, coupled with the unclear relationship between intrinsic coding interest and STEM career interest. To narrow the research gap, this study explores the direct and indirect effects of intrinsic coding interest on STEM career interest. As a quantitative cross-sectional survey research, 669 students from three senior high schools in two large Chinese cities were investigated. Applying a structural equation modeling approach, the research instrument was validated and the research hypotheses were tested. The findings articulate the direct influence of intrinsic coding interest, coding self-efficacy and perceptions of coders on STEM career interest, and detect the mediating roles of coding self-efficacy and perceptions of coders between intrinsic coding interest and STEM career interest. This study affirms a new theoretical model with strong predictive power, accounting for 64% of the variance in STEM career interest. This study contributes theoretically and practically to the limited literature on coding-related antecedents of STEM career interest.
Characterizing spatiotemporal variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Taihu Lake, China
Authors: Li Aili , der Beek Tim aus , Zhang Jin , Schmid Cora , Schüth Christoph
Published: August 2022

In this study, we analyzed the concentration distributions of 20 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 41 water samples which were collected from the northern part of Taihu Lake during 4 field campaigns (201511, 201606, 201702 and 201709). The concentrations were determined with GC–MS, and their spatial and seasonal distribution characteristics were interpreted. The results show that 2-ring PAHs present considerably higher concentrations in warm seasons than cold seasons, but the concentrations of the other higher-ring PAHs are rather stable in warm and cold seasons. The distribution patterns of these PAHs might be mainly attributed to ambient temperature effects on the PAH solubility in the water body. Meanwhile, the spatial distributions of the PAH concentrations in cold seasons were rather various in the sampling area, while the distributions in the warm seasons were homogeneous. The different distributions could result from the water recharge from the Yangtze River during cold seasons, which diluted PAH concentrations in the northeastern part of the lake. Furthermore, via literature review on PAH concentrations in water body, PAHs are in a wide range of levels and their patterns are different among the studies, which should be more effected by local factors instead of general PAH properties. The results from this study also present special characteristics of PAHs in Taihu Lake, which exhibit more insight on PAHs existence in water bodies.
Movers and Stayers: A Study of Emigration from Sweden 1993–2014
Authors: Birgier Debora Pricila , Lundh Christer , Haberfeld Yitchak , Elldér Erik
Published: August 2022

A standard proposition in the migration literature is that emigrants are not drawn randomly from their source population, but rather compose a self-selected group in terms of labour market characteristics. Such self-selection refers to observed characteristics, such as education, or occupation, as well as unobserved characteristics such as cognitive abilities. However, due to data limitations, most previous studies on selectivity have analysed immigrants’ characteristics at destinations rather than using data from their source countries. This paper assesses emigrants’ selectivity patterns by following the full-risk population of natives over a long period of time (over 20 years). It also includes an innovative measure of selectivity on unobserved characteristics—namely, school performance—as a proxy for individual motivation and cognitive abilities, and it compares it to the widely used measure of income residuals. We use Swedish register data and assess the probabilities of leaving Sweden between 1993 and 2014 among men and women born in Sweden between 1975 and 1978. We further look for differences among Swedish emigrants who chose different countries of destination. The findings suggest that emigrants are positively self-selected in terms of their observed characteristics, whereas selectivity patterns in terms of unobserved characteristics are more complex. When we assess unobservable characteristics using compulsory school grades as a proxy, emigrants are found to be positively self-selected, while when using income residuals, we find that the effect is U-shaped. Individuals leaving to non-Nordic countries are also found to be more positively self-selected than those heading to neighbouring countries. We discuss these findings and their implications in light of economic and sociological theories.
#WedontWantDistanceEducation: a thematic analysis of higher education students’ social media posts about online education during Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Dindar Muhterem , Çelik Ismail , Muukkonen Hanni
Published: August 2022

The current study is based on thematic analysis of 21,722 tweets posted under the #wedontwantdistanceeducation hashtag within a month after the start of online distance education in Turkish universities due to Covid-19 pandemic. Our findings have revealed that Turkish higher education students have faced multiple challenges in accessing and benefiting from online education due to the swift transformation from face-to-face to online format. These challenges included universities’ poor technical infrastructure, pedagogical and assessment issues, digital inequality in accessing online education, and general negative attitude towards online education. Further, students have expressed issues about financial, health, and social consequences of online education during Covid-19 pandemic. With regards to such challenges and issues, higher education students have criticized government authorities for ignoring their views when making decisions about how online learning is organized during Covid-19 pandemic. Further, students have offered some alternative solutions (e.g. summer courses) to online education.
The Ornaments of the Arma Veirana Early Mesolithic Infant Burial
Authors: Gravel-Miguel C. , Cristiani E. , Hodgkins J. , Orr C. M. , Strait D. S. , Peresani M. , Benazzi S. , Pothier-Bouchard G. , Keller H. M. , Meyer D. , Drohobytsky D. , Talamo S. , Panetta D. , Zupancich A. , Miller C. E. , Negrino F. , Riel-Salvatore J.
Published: August 2022

Personal ornaments are widely viewed as indicators of social identity and personhood. Ornaments are ubiquitous from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene, but they are most often found as isolated objects within archaeological assemblages without direct evidence on how they were displayed. This article presents a detailed record of the ornaments found in direct association with an Early Mesolithic buried female infant discovered in 2017 at the site of Arma Veirana (Liguria, Italy). It uses microscopic, 3D, and positional analyses of the ornaments as well as a preliminary perforation experiment to document how they were perforated, used, and what led to their deposit as part of the infant’s grave goods. This study provides important information on the use of beads in the Early Mesolithic, in general, as well as the relationship between beads and young subadults, in particular. The results of the study suggest that the beads were worn by members of the infant’s community for a considerable period before they were sewn onto a sling, possibly used to keep the infant close to the parents while allowing their mobility, as seen in some modern forager groups. The baby was then likely buried in this sling to avoid reusing the beads that had failed to protect her or simply to create a lasting connection between the deceased infant and her community.
An approximation algorithm for a general class of multi-parametric optimization problems
Authors: Helfrich Stephan , Herzel Arne , Ruzika Stefan , Thielen Clemens
Published: August 2022

In a widely-studied class of multi-parametric optimization problems, the objective value of each solution is an affine function of real-valued parameters. Then, the goal is to provide an optimal solution set, i.e., a set containing an optimal solution for each non-parametric problem obtained by fixing a parameter vector. For many multi-parametric optimization problems, however, an optimal solution set of minimum cardinality can contain super-polynomially many solutions. Consequently, no polynomial-time exact algorithms can exist for these problems even if$$\textsf {P}=\textsf {NP}$$P=NP. We propose an approximation method that is applicable to a general class of multi-parametric optimization problems and outputs a set of solutions with cardinality polynomial in the instance size and the inverse of the approximation guarantee. This method lifts approximation algorithms for non-parametric optimization problems to their parametric version and provides an approximation guarantee that is arbitrarily close to the approximation guarantee of the approximation algorithm for the non-parametric problem. If the non-parametric problem can be solved exactly in polynomial time or if an FPTAS is available, our algorithm is an FPTAS. Further, we show that, for any given approximation guarantee, the minimum cardinality of an approximation set is, in general, not$$\ell $$ℓ-approximable for any natural number $$\ell $$ℓless or equal to the number of parameters, and we discuss applications of our results to classical multi-parametric combinatorial optimizations problems. In particular, we obtain an FPTAS for the multi-parametric minimums-t-cut problem, an FPTAS for the multi-parametric knapsack problem, as well as an approximation algorithm for the multi-parametric maximization of independence systems problem.
The Role of Contextual Information in Classifying Spontaneous Social Laughter
Authors: Rychlowska Magdalena , McKeown Gary J. , Sneddon Ian , Curran William
Published: August 2022

Laughter is a ubiquitous and important social signal, but its nature is yet to be fully explored. One of the open empirical questions is about the role of context in the interpretation of laughter. Can laughs presented on their own convey specific feelings and social motives? How influential is social context when a person tries to understand the meaning of a laugh? Here we test the extent to which the classification of laughs produced in different situations is guided by knowing the context within which these laughs were produced. In the current study, stimuli were spontaneous laughs recorded in social situations engineered to elicit amusement, embarrassment, and schadenfreude. In a between-subjects design, participants classified these laughs being assigned to one of the four experimental conditions: audio only, audio-visual, side-by-side videos of two interactants, and side-by-side videos accompanied by a brief vignette. Participants’ task was to label each laugh as an instance of amusement, embarrassment, or schadenfreude laugh, or “other.” Laughs produced in situations inducing embarrassment were classified more accurately than laughs produced in other situations. Most importantly, eliminating information about the social settings in which laughs were produced decreased participants’ classification accuracy such that accuracy was no better than chance in the experimental conditions providing minimal contextual information. Our findings demonstrate the importance of context in the interpretation of laughter and highlight the complexity of experimental investigations of schadenfreude displays.
Sloshing dynamics estimation for liquid-filled containers performing 3-dimensional motions: modeling and experimental validation
Authors: Di Leva Roberto , Carricato Marco , Gattringer Hubert , Müller Andreas
Published: August 2022

Many industrial applications require the displacement of liquid-filled containers on planar paths (namely, paths on a horizontal plane), by means of linear transport systems or serial robots. The movement of the liquid inside the container, known as sloshing, is usually undesired, thus there is the necessity to keep under control the peaks that the liquid free-surface exhibits during motion. This paper aims at validating a model for estimating the liquid sloshing height, taking into account 2-dimensional motions of a cylindrical container occurring on a horizontal plane, with accelerations up to 9.5 m/s2. This model can be exploited for assessment or optimization purposes. Experiments performed with a robot following three paths, each one of them with different motion profiles, are described. Comparisons between experimental results and model predictions are provided and discussed.

Finally, the previous formulation is extended in order to take into account the addition of a vertical acceleration, up to 5 m/s2. The resulting 3-dimensional motions are experimentally validated to prove the effectiveness of the extended technique.
Trajectories of scholastic well-being: The effect of achievement emotions and instructional quality in the first year of secondary school (fifth grade)
Authors: Obermeier Ramona , Schlesier Juliane , Meyer Simon , Gläser-Zikuda Michaela
Published: August 2022

Due to their connections with positive educational outcomes, the maintenance of good health and scholastic well-being are highly relevant topics. However, to date, no studies have investigated developmental changes in scholastic well-being in the light of achievement emotions and instructional quality—although these predictors offer good approaches for intervention. A sample ofN = 667 (age:M = 10.16;SD = 0.46; 81.7% female) students was questioned three times over one year, from the beginning of their fifth grade into sixth grade, using reliable questionnaires. The results of multilevel linear growth curve modelling calculations show that a decrease in scholastic well-being during the fifth grade was induced by changes in the predictors (achievement emotions and instructional quality). Since the highest effects are evident regarding achievement emotions, support programs should focus on facilitating these aspects in secondary school children.
No computation without implementation? A potential problem for the single hierarchy view of physical computation
Authors: Kuokkanen Jesse
Published: August 2022

The so-called integration problem concerning mechanistic and computational explanation asks how they are related to each other. One approach is that a computational explanation is a species of mechanistic explanation. According to this view, computational or mathematical descriptions are mechanism sketches or macroscopic descriptions that include computationally relevant and exclude computationally irrelevant physical properties. Some suggest that this results in a so-called single hierarchy view of physical computation, where computational or mathematical properties sit together in the same mechanistic hierarchy with the implementational properties. This view can be contrasted with a separate hierarchy view, according to which computational and physical descriptions have their own hierarchies which are related to each other via a bridging implementation relation. The single hierarchy view has been criticized for downplaying the explanatory value of computational explanations and not being hospitable to multiple realization of cognitive processes. In this paper, I argue that (1) the aforementioned criticisms fail, and (2) there might be a deeper problem with the single hierarchy view, which is that the single hierarchy view might collapse into a separate hierarchy view. The kind of abstraction used by the single hierarchy view does not seem to grant mathematical or computational descriptions but only more stripped physical or implementational descriptions.
Multiscale entropy of ADHD children during resting state condition
Authors: Angulo-Ruiz Brenda Y. , Muñoz Vanesa , Rodríguez-Martínez Elena I. , Cabello-Navarro Celia , Gómez Carlos M.
Published: August 2022

This present study aims to investigate neural mechanisms underlying ADHD compared to healthy children through the analysis of the complexity and the variability of the EEG brain signal using multiscale entropy (MSE), EEG signal standard deviation (SDs), as well as the mean, standard deviation (SDp) and coefficient of variation (CV) of absolute spectral power (PSD). For this purpose, a sample of children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) between 6 and 17 years old were selected based on the number of trials and diagnostic agreement, 32 for the open-eyes (OE) experimental condition and 25 children for the close-eyes (CE) experimental condition. Healthy control subjects were age- and gender-matched with the ADHD group. The MSE and SDs of resting-state EEG activity were calculated on 34 time scales using a coarse-grained procedure. In addition, the PSD was averaged in delta, theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands, and its mean, SDp, and CV were calculated. The results show that the MSE changes with age during development, increases as the number of scales increases and has a higher amplitude in controls than in ADHD. The absolute PSD results show CV differences between subjects in low and beta frequency bands, with higher variability values in the ADHD group. All these results suggest an increased EEG variability and reduced complexity in ADHD compared to controls.
Schiff base as n-type semiconductor: synthesis, characterization, and diode features
Authors: Kagatikar Sneha , Sunil Dhanya , Kekuda Dhananjaya
Published: August 2022

A pyrene-based Schiff base, PyFA, with D-π-A structure was synthesized and the chemical structure was established using IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. The photoluminescence studies revealed intramolecular charge transfer in PyFA with green fluorescence emission. PyFA with pyrene and fluorene as molecular units was thermally stable up to 300 °C and exhibited an electrochemical band gap of 3.5 eV. The thin films of PyFA exhibited higher carrier concentration, n-type semiconducting property, and a dielectric constant of 6.69. The thin films of PyFA displayed uniform and homogenous surface morphology, which is desirable for device application. A p-n type diode was constructed using PyFA and the diode parameters were extracted from the DC and AC measurements.

Graphical abstract
Startup Ethics: Ethically Responsible Conduct of Scientists and Engineers at Theranos
Authors: McGinn Robert E.
Published: August 2022

Studies of ethical challenges that can confront practicing scientists and engineers in the entrepreneurial stage of the overarching research-and-innovation process are virtually non-existent. This paper explores ethical challenges that arose at a specific entrepreneurial startup: Theranos, the defunct blood-testing company. The fundamental ethical responsibilities of scientists and engineers (FERSEs) offer a framework useful for evaluating the conduct of practicing scientists and engineers from an ethical responsibility perspective. Questionable conduct by Theranos’s former top managers has been widely discussed. However, the fact that a number of Theranos scientists and engineers responded to ethical challenges in several phases of the innovation/entrepreneurial stage with ethically responsible conduct has gone largely unrecognized. Ten mini cases involving these practitioners are discussed. Their deeds reflect different harm-prevention strategies. The Theranos case suggests several ethics-related takeaways for scientists and engineers who work or may work in technical startups. Familiarity with the FERSEs and knowledge of the ethical challenges, ethically responsible conduct, and harm-prevention strategies exhibited in the Theranos case provide valuable intellectual resources for startup scientists and engineers who aspire to be ethically responsible professionals.
Plasma Exo-miRNAs Correlated with AD-Related Factors of Chinese Individuals Involved in Aβ Accumulation and Cognition Decline
Authors: Wang Lifang , Zhen Hefu , Sun Yuzhe , Rong Shuang , Li Benchao , Song Zhijie , Liu Zhili , Li Zhiming , Ding Jiahong , Yang Huanming , Zhang Xiuqing , Sun Haixi , Nie Chao
Published: August 2022

Numerous studies have investigated the risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, AD-risk factors related miRNAs were rarely reported. In this study, AD-risk factor related miRNAs of 105 Chinese individuals (45 AD patients and 60 cognitively normal controls) were investigated. The results showed that Hsa-miR-185-5p, Hsa-miR-20a-5p, and Hsa-miR-497-5p were related to AD and education, Hsa-miR-185-5p, Hsa-miR-181c-5p, Hsa-miR-664a-3p, Hsa-miR-27a-3p, Hsa-miR-451a, and Hsa-miR-320a were related to AD and depression. Target prediction of above miRNAs showed that these miRNAs were involved in the generation and clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ), important molecules related to cognition, and disease-activated microglia response to AD. It is worth noting that Hsa-miR-185-5p was related to both education and depression, whose decreased expression pattern in AD patients was alleviated by education and enhanced by depression, and participates in Aβ generation and accumulation. Our results indicated that certain education and depression factors can contribute to AD progression by modulating miRNA expression, implying that preventive interventions might alter AD progression in Chinese patients.