bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seeking justice through social action projects: Preparing teachers to be social actors in local and global problems
Authors: Lash Martha J , Kroeger Janice
Published: January 2018

In this article, we share a social action process useful in teacher education and derived from a decade of practical experience with social action projects. Influences, theoretical underpinnings, and individual leadership in an early childhood teacher education program are considered alongside practical enactments of social action projects by preservice teachers in their licensure program. One particular type of field-based assignment, the social action project, is described and analyzed. An examination of program transformations expanding the social justice framework to include more global perspectives, such as the International Baccalaureate Primary Years Program, shaped and challenged our earlier notions of working to address isms to frame justice and advocate for children in larger social and educational networks. We suggest what social action should and can entail in teacher education for an interdependent world and offer a gradient of social action for justice in early childhood education practices and environments.
Establishing the use of a safety attitudes questionnaire to assess the safety climate across a critical care network
Authors: Thomas Antony , Lomas John-Paul
Published: January 2018

Aims

We aimed to measure the safety culture across a network of critical care units to compare units, track temporal changes and to present easy to interpret information back to staff.

Methods

We provided adapted paper versions of the short ICU ‘Safety attitude questionnaire’ to 14 critical care units annually between 2015 and 2017. The responses were analysed to establish scores for individual safety domains. Feedback used colour conditional formatted tables to allow easy identification of high and low scores.

Results

There was an inverse relation between median unit score and standardised mortality (rs = 0.4). Rates of staff fatigue increased between 2016 and 2017 (two-point change on a 1–5 scale).

Conclusions

A critical care network can usefully collect and feedback safety attitude questionnaires which show a relationship with patient outcome. Units should monitor overtime working.
Advances in the diagnosis, immunopathogenesis and therapies of IgM-anti-MAG antibody-mediated neuropathies
Authors: Dalakas Marinos C.
Published: January 2018

Polyneuropathy with immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal gammopathy is the most common paraproteinemic neuropathy, comprising a clinicopathologically and immunologically distinct entity. The clinical spectrum spans from distal paresthesias and mild gait imbalance to more severe sensory ataxia, with falls and a varying degree of distal sensorimotor deficits. In approximately 75% of patients, the monoclonal IgM immunoreacts with myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and sulfoglucuronyl glycosphingolipid (SGPG), or other peripheral nerve glycolipids that serve as antigens. These antibodies are considered pathogenic because IgM and complement are deposited on the myelin sheath, splitting the myelin lamellae, while adoptive transfer of patients’ IgM into susceptible host animals causes sensory ataxia and reproduces the human pathology. In spite of the apparently convincing pathogenicity of these antibodies, the response to immunotherapies remains suboptimal. Clorambuscil, cladibrine, cyclophospamide and intravenous immunoglobulin may help some patients but the benefits are minimal and transient. Open-label studies in >200 patients indicate that rituximab is helpful in 30–50% of these patients, even with long-term benefits, probably by suppressing IgM anti-MAG antibodies or inducing immunoregulatory T cells. Two controlled studies with rituximab did not however meet the primary endpoint, mostly because of the poor sensitivity of the scales used; they did however show statistical improvement in secondary endpoints and improved clinical functions in several patients. This review provides an overview of the clinical phenotypes and immunoreactivity of IgM to glycolipids or glycoproteins of peripheral nerve myelin, summarizes the progress on treatment with rituximab as a promising therapy, discusses the pitfalls of scales used, identifies possible biomarkers of response to therapy and highlights the promising new anti-B cell or target-specific immunotherapies.
Unexpected Management Behaviors in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Using Sensor-Augmented Pump Therapy
Authors: Abraham Mary Binsu , Heels Kristine , Nicholas Jennifer A. , Cole Carol , Gebert Rebecca , Klimek Julie , Jopling Tracey , Ambler Geoffrey , Cameron Fergus , Davis Elizabeth , Jones Timothy W.
Published: January 2018

Background:

Continuous glucose monitoring can improve glycemic outcomes in individuals with type 1 diabetes. However, the constant exposure to real-time glucose levels can sometimes lead the individual to make some risky choices to address the glycemic excursions. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore the aberrant management behaviors of youth with type 1 diabetes on sensor-augmented pump therapy (SAPT).

Methods:

Participants in a clinical trial using SAPT on Medtronic MiniMed™ 640G pump who experienced deteriorating glycemic control or unexplained hypoglycemia were identified by the health care professional. The pump and/or sensor data uploaded to CareLink™ Therapy Management Software were reviewed in these participants.

Results:

Uncharacteristic management behaviors were identified in five adolescent males. Continuous exposure to high glucose levels resulted in obsessive behaviors displaying a perfectionistic attitude in two participants. Multiple boluses were delivered frequently as uneaten carbohydrates in participant 1 while participant 2 resorted to delivery of extra insulin by cannula fills. In contrast, participant 3 chose to remain hyperglycemic to avoid weight gain while participant 4 trusted the system and used sensor glucose readings for calibrations, with resultant deterioration in glycemic control in both participants. On the other hand, participant 5, due to mistrust in the pump suspend function, consumed carbohydrates with downward glucose trends with rebound hyperglycemia.

Conclusions:

Constant exposure to real-time data can lead to unsafe management responses in adolescents with the behavior influenced by trust or mistrust in the system. Adolescents should be empowered with problem-solving strategies for safe management.
Efficacy of bipolar ‘button’ plasma vaporisation of the prostate compared to green laser vaporisation for benign prostatic obstruction
Authors: Aboutaleb Hamdy , Ali Tamer A , Zaghloul Ahmed , Amin Moamen M
Published: January 2018

Objective:

Our objectives were to evaluate the efficiency of transurethral bipolar plasma vaporisation of the prostate (BPVP) using the button electrode and compare it to green laser vaporisation of the prostate (GLVP).

Patients and methods:

During the period March 2012 to January 2017, 155 patients with benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) were enrolled in our study. Overall, 80 patients underwent BPVP and 75 GLVP. All International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS), quality of life (QOL), uroflow Qmax, Qave and post-void residual (PVR) urine samples were evaluated 24 hours preoperatively and at three months postoperatively. Operative time, hospital stay, catheterisation time, and complications were reported. Mean serum haemoglobin, haematocrit and serum sodium changes were reported preoperatively and within 24 hours postoperatively in both groups. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program version 20 for Windows.

Results:

Mean age at surgery was 62.8 ± 4 (53–82) years and 63 ± 6.6 (54–86) years for the BPVP and GLVP groups respectively. Mean prostatic volume was 45 ± 10 (36–90) and 43 ± 9 (32–85) in each group, respectively. Patients from both series had similar preoperative characteristics. The mean operative duration was 58 ± 21 (range: 20–70) minutes and 57 ± 13 (range: 24–75) minutes, hospital stay was 12.2 ± 6.4 (12–60) hours vs 7 ± 3.3 (6–48) hours ( p = 0.01), and catheterisation period was 48 ± 1.28 (24–72) hours vs 6 ± 6.2 (6–7) hours ( p = 0.001).

Conclusions:

Both BPVP and GLVP offer good options for management of BPO with less bleeding, one-day surgery, less catheterisation time with significant improvement of IPSS, QOL score and uroflow postoperatively. However, more studies comparing the cost of both techniques are needed for a solid conclusion.

Level of evidence:

Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
Patient-Centered Communication Behaviors That Correlate With Higher Patient Satisfaction Scores
Authors: Finefrock Doug , Patel Sridhar , Zodda David , Nyirenda Themba , Nierenberg Richard , Feldman Joseph , Ogedegbe Chinwe
Published: January 2018

Background:

With increased emphasis on improving the patient experience, clinicians are being asked to improve their patient-centered communication behaviors to improve patient satisfaction (PS) scores.

Local Problem:

The relationship between clinician communication behaviors and PS is poorly studied in the emergency department (ED) setting. The purpose of this study was to identify whether specific communication behaviors correlate with higher PS scores in the ED setting.

Methods:

During a quality improvement project, we performed 191 bedside observations of ED clinicians during their initial interaction with patients and recorded the frequency of 8 positive communication behaviors as defined by the PatientSET tool.

Interventions:

The frequency of use of the PatientSET communication behaviors was compared between known high performers in Press Ganey PS scores versus low performers.

Results:

Being a high Press Ganey performer was associated with a significantly higher frequency of performance in 6 of the 8 PatientSET communication behaviors.

Conclusions:

Positive communication behaviors such as those in the PatientSET tool occurred more frequently in ED clinicians with higher PS scores.
Constructs in Contexts: Models of Contextualizing Adventist Theology
Authors: Wogu Chigemezi-Nnadozie
Published: January 2018

As Seventh-day Adventism mirrors the global trends in world Christianity, the contextualization of its message has taken various forms, even as this formerly North American movement continues its global spread apace. It is therefore appropriate to ask in what ways Adventists have contextualized their message. Using a historico-contexual perspective, I analyze mainly academic works of Adventist theologians and missiologists that discuss ways Adventism has been adapted to a very broad audience.
Mobilising diaspora to promote homeland investment: The progress of policy in post-conflict economies
Authors: Williams Nick
Published: January 2018

This paper examines the development of policies which seek to mobilise and maximise the potential of diaspora investment in their home countries. While a great deal of migrant entrepreneurship literature focuses on impacts in the host country, less is known about the impacts of diasporans on home countries. The paper focuses on the three post-conflict Balkan economies of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Montenegro, each of which has large diaspora communities. Through an analysis of relevant literature and policy documents, the paper shows that post-conflict economies are aiming to mobilise the diaspora in response to negative impacts of economic shocks, which in the case of the Balkans has been caused by the break-up of the former Yugoslavia and wars on the 1990s. Similar strategies are being introduced in the three economies but how these translate into coordinated policy differs, with the ability to effectively mobilise the diaspora impacting on future growth. Contributions to scholarship on diaspora communities and policy approaches are discussed.
3D acoustic least-squares reverse time migration using the energy norm
Authors: Rocha Daniel , Sava Paul , Guitton Antoine
Published: January 2018

We have developed a least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) method that uses an energy-based imaging condition to obtain faster convergence rates when compared with similar methods based on conventional imaging conditions. To achieve our goal, we also define a linearized modeling operator that is the proper adjoint of the energy migration operator. Our modeling and migration operators use spatial and temporal derivatives that attenuate imaging artifacts and deliver a better representation of the reflectivity and scattered wavefields. We applied the method to two Gulf of Mexico field data sets: a 2D towed-streamer benchmark data set and a 3D ocean-bottom node data set. We found LSRTM resolution improvement relative to RTM images, as well as the superior convergence rate obtained by the linearized modeling and migration operators based on the energy norm, coupled with inversion preconditioning using image-domain nonstationary matching filters.
An explanatory model for the concept of mental health in Iranian youth
Authors: Chinekesh Ahdieh , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Mohammadi Farahnaz , Motlagh Mohammad Esmael , Baradaran Eftekhari Monir , Djalalinia Shirin , Ardalan Gelayol
Published: January 2018

Background: Mental health is considered as an integral and essential component of overall health. Its determinants and related factors are one of the most important research priorities, especially in adolescents and young people. Using a qualitative approach, the present study aimed to identify factors affecting the mental health of youth in Iran.

Methods: In 2017, following content analysis principles, and using semi-structured in-depth interviews, we conducted a qualitative study exploring the opinions of young people about mental health. A targeted sampling method was used, and participants were young volunteers aged 18 to 30 who were selected from Tehran province, Iran. Inclusion criteria for participants was willingness to participate in the study, and ability to express their experiences. Data collection was done with individual in-depth interviews. According to the explanatory model, the interviews were directed toward the concept of mental health and path of causality and auxiliary behaviors.

Results: 21 young adults participated, who met the study inclusion criteria, of whom 12 participants were male. Their mean age was 24.4 ± 0.41 years and their education varied from primary school to Master’s degree. Mental health was considered as mental well-being and a sense of satisfaction and efficacy, not only the presence of a disease or mental disorder. Based on the opinions of the interviewees, three factors of personal characteristics, family and society are involved in mental health. Individual factors were associated with behavioral and physical problems. One of the most important issues was revealed as tensions in societal and family conflicts. Economic problems and unemployment of young people were also extracted from the social factor.

Conclusion: In Iran, social factors such as jobs for the unemployed and job security are considered as important determinants in the mental health of young people.
Analysis of removal of cadmium by action of immobilized Chlorella sp. micro-algae in alginate beads
Authors: Valdez Christian , Perengüez Yomaira , Mátyás Bence , Guevara María Fernanda
Published: January 2018

Cadmium (Cd) is a metal that can negatively interfere with the metabolic systems of living beings. The objective of this work was to evaluate the capacity for cadmium removal in aqueous solutions by immobilized Chlorella sp. in calcium alginate beads. Beads without Chlorella sp. were used as a control. All the treatments were established in triplicate for 80 min, at four concentrations of cadmium (0, 20, 100 and 200 ppm), taking samples of aqueous solution every 10 min, to be read using atomic absorption equipment. The study determined that the treatment of alginate beads with immobilized Chlorella sp. removed 59.67% of cadmium at an initial concentration of 20 ppm, this being the best removal result.
Response heterogeneity: Challenges for personalised medicine and big data approaches in psychiatry and chronic pain
Authors: Norbury Agnes , Seymour Ben
Published: January 2018

Response rates to available treatments for psychological and chronic pain disorders are poor, and there is a considerable burden of suffering and disability for patients, who often cycle through several rounds of ineffective treatment. As individuals presenting to the clinic with symptoms of these disorders are likely to be heterogeneous, there is considerable interest in the possibility that different constellations of signs could be used to identify subgroups of patients that might preferentially benefit from particular kinds of treatment. To this end, there has been a recent focus on the application of machine learning methods to attempt to identify sets of predictor variables (demographic, genetic, etc.) that could be used to target individuals towards treatments that are more likely to work for them in the first instance.

Importantly, the training of such models generally relies on datasets where groups of individual predictor variables are labelled with a binary outcome category − usually ‘responder’ or ‘non-responder’ (to a particular treatment). However, as previously highlighted in other areas of medicine, there is a basic statistical problem in classifying individuals as ‘responding’ to a particular treatment on the basis of data from conventional randomized controlled trials. Specifically, insufficient information on the partition of variance components in individual symptom changes mean that it is inappropriate to consider data from the active treatment arm alone in this way. This may be particularly problematic in the case of psychiatric and chronic pain symptom data, where both within-subject variability and measurement error are likely to be high.

Here, we outline some possible solutions to this problem in terms of dataset design and machine learning methodology, and conclude that it is important to carefully consider the kind of inferences that particular training data are able to afford, especially in arenas where the potential clinical benefit is so large.
Grinding and buffing of work surfaces in crankshafts and cams of camshafts by endless diamond belt
Authors: Шоев А. , Shoev A.
Published: January 2018

A technology and a tool for processing work surfaces in crankshafts and cams of camshafts by endless diamond belts are considered. The characteristics of endless diamond belts and their potentialities in assurance of roughness and efficiency at work surface grinding and polishing are shown. The purposefulness in assurance of an optimum curvilinear transverse section of cams in camshafts by grinding with endless belts is defined. It is shown, that it is possible to control a curvilinear profile of cams in camshafts at the expense of a belt width and a belt tension. It is based on a theoretical basis of the interaction of a rigid die (cam) with the elastic half-space (belt).

An optimum curvilinearity of the transverse section of a cam ensures the increase of its life.
Scientifically substantiated updating of arc mechanical welding and surfacin
Authors: Лебедев Владимир , Lebedev Vladimir , Жук Геннадий , Zhuk Gtnadyi , Новиков Сергей , Novikov Sergey
Published: January 2018

In the paper there is considered a process of electrode metal drops transfer at arc welding-surfacing with the emphasis of characteristic stages of their formation and motion in a molten bath for the realization of a welding method with the dosed electrode wire feeding. The analytical expressions are obtained defining terms of the existence of drop formation stages according to which it is possible to assess a level of inverse connections on arc process parameters introduced into a regulator of an electrical drive of the mechanism of electrode wire feeding. There are shown examples of carrying out a welding method with the dosed feeding the parameters of which are designed according to the procedure mentioned.
Design of complex surface machining on NC lathes in Esprit CAD system
Authors: Гусев Владимир , Gusev Vladimir , Савина Елена , Savina Elena
Published: January 2018

A high-performance and accurate machining of complex special surfaces with the aid of NC equipment at the simultaneous use of four and more controlled coordinate axes is impossible without application of modern CAD systems and post-processors. Functional potentialities and a methodology for the design of complex surface machining in a "flange" part in modern CAD Esprit system are considered. Control commands are described the realization of which ensures a procedure for a computer aided design of technology, the development of a control program and simulation of operation motions of working units in a lathe. The simulation of profile surface turning is described in an intelligible way which is particularly significant for the comprehension and use of material presented.
Technological support of quality in large diameter pipes with polyethylene coating
Authors: Банников Александр , Bannikov Alexandr , Макарова Ольга , Makarova Olga , Алексейчук Василиса , Alexeychuk Vasilisa
Published: January 2018

The paper reports the consideration of basic methods used at PC "Volga Pipe Plant" for processing large diameter pipe ends. Each of the methods used at the plant does not meet current requirements of the market that is why the necessity of a new processing method arose.
Split-thickness skin grafting: early outcomes of a clinical trial using different graft thickness
Authors: Guogienė Inga , Kievišas Mantas , Grigaitė Augustina , Braziulis Kęstutis , Rimdeika Rytis
Published: January 2018

Objective:

In clinical practice, split-thickness skin graft (STSG) transplantation remains the gold standard for covering large skin defects. Currently, there is no consensus on the optimal thickness of skin grafts. The purpose of our study was to compare the early healing processes of recipient and donor wounds after STSG transplantation using grafts of different thickness.

Method:

This prospective, randomised clinical trial included 84 patients that underwent STSG transplantation surgery for post-burn, post-traumatic or postoperative skin defects. Patients were randomised to receive a skin graft of either 0.2mm, 0.3mm or 0.4mm thickness. After skin transplantation, the wound healing parameters of both the recipient and donor wounds were evaluated after three days, one week, two weeks and one month.

Results:

The greatest mean epithelialisation scores and highest rate of complete wound epithelialisation were identified in the recipient and donor wounds of the 0.2mm transplant group, at all time points. When the recipient wound pain scores were evaluated, the greatest visual analogue scale (VAS) values were found in the 0.2mm transplant group. The opposite result was found for the donor wound, where the highest VAS scores were identified in the 0.4mm transplant group. There were no significant differences, at any follow-up period, when wound secretion, erythema, swelling, localised warmth and fluctuation were compared.

Conclusion:

The early healing of recipient wounds after STSG transplantation with grafts of various thickness differed considerably, especially regarding wound epithelialisation and pain.
Flu vaccination guidance updated for older patients
Authors: Quaile Alistair
Published: January 2018

Every year, flu affects thousands of people in the UK. Current vaccines are only effective in 30–40% of over 65-year-olds as the immune system weakens with age. Alistair Quaile reports on an adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine, recommended by the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation, that could protect more over 65s
The use of non-oral therapies in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Price Jane , Martin Hannah , Ebenezer Louise
Published: January 2018

It is widely recognised that with the progression of Parkinson's disease, oral treatments that are used in the management of symptom control may become less effective. This can be due to a number of reasons, but a dysfunctional gastrointestinal tract is increasingly thought to play a major role. Features including severe motor and/or non-motor fluctuations may be due to issues related to gastrointestinal dysfunction, including delayed gastric emptying and reduced absorption of oral medication. The Parkinson's specialist will therefore need to consider alternative treatment approaches that could be beneficial for the person living with Parkinson's disease. This article will provide an overview of treatment approaches that do not rely on the gastrointestinal system, and these are referred to as non-oral therapies.
Wards into waiting rooms: the problem of extended stays
Authors: Mendes Aysha , Palmer Sarah
Published: January 2018

The lack of funding for appropriate social care to allow them to leave means that in many cases people with dementia remain in hospital longer than they need to, with detrimental effects. In this article, Aysha Mendes and Sarah Palmer discuss the background to a new campaign by the Alzheimer's Society.
Difficult placements
Authors: Dabell John
Published: January 2018

SecEd's supply teaching series continues. This week we look at some of the common problems and practical challenges encountered by supply teachers and offer some solutions and advice. We also offer some general best practice tips to help you ensure that your supply placements are successful
Creating a climate for learning
Authors: Barton Geoff
Published: January 2018

Creating the perfect conditions in your classroom so that students are engaged and learning is not easy. Geoff Barton offers five secrets to an effective climate for learning
Perbandingan Mortalitas Pasien Anak dengan Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome yang Menggunakan Delta Pressure Tinggi dan Rendah
Authors: Bramantyo Tressa Bayu , Martuti Sri , Pudjiastuti Pudjiastuti
Published: January 2018

Latar belakang.Strategi ventilasi protektif paru (protective lung strategy) direkomendasikan dalam penanganan pasien acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Strategi tersebut mencakup pembatasan PEEP dan delta pressure pada penggunaan ventilator untuk mencegah mortalitas.  Pembatasan delta pressure ≤13 mmHg diharapkan dapat menurunkan angka mortalitas pasien ARDS dengan ventilator.Tujuan. Mengetahui perbandingan mortalitas pasien anak dengan ARDS yang menggunakan delta pressure tinggi dan rendah.Metode. Penelusuran rekam medis pasien anak berusia 1 bulan-18 tahun yang menderita ARDS yang dirawat di PICU dengan menggunakan ventilator.Hasil. Studi cross sectional dari bulan September 2016 sampai dengan Maret 2017 terhadap 32 pasien anak berumur 1 bulan-18 tahun yang menderita ARDS, didapatkan hasil bahwa mortalitas pasien anak dengan ARDS lebih tinggi pada penggunaan setting ventilator dengan delta pressure tinggi (ΔP>13 cmH2O) dibandingkan dengan yang menggunakan pengaturan ventilator dengan delta pressure yang rendah (ΔP≤13 cmH2O) (p<0,001, OR 45,00 (IK95%: 5,47-370,02). Kesimpulan. Pasien anak dengan ARDS yang menggunakan setting ventilator dengan delta pressure rendah, mortalitasnya lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan yang menggunakan pengaturan ventilator dengan delta pressure tinggi.
Perbedaan Kadar Feritin Serum Pada Penyandang Talasemia β Mayor yang Mengalami Hipotiroid dan Eutiroid
Authors: Nasaruddin Burhan , Susanah Susi , Sudarwati Sri
Published: January 2018

Latar belakang. Komplikasi penumpukan besi pada organ tiroid berupa hipotiroid. Sebagian besar penelitian yang meneliti hubungan feritin serum dan hipotiroid mendapatkan hasil yang tidak bermakna. Penumpukan besi pada organ dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik sehingga menyebabkan perbedaan hasil penelitian.Tujuan. Menentukan perbedaan feritin serum pada penyandang talasemia β mayor dengan hipotiroid dan eutiroid.Metode. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional rancangan cross sectional pada penyandang talasemia β mayor di poliklinik anak Hemato-Onkologi RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin. Subjek diperiksakan TSH, FT4, T3 dan feritin, dibagi menjadi kelompok hipotiroid dan eutiroid, kemudian diklasifikasikan menjadi hipotiroid nyata, subklinis, sekunder dan eutiroid. Analisis menggunakan Uji Mann Whitney dan Kruskall Wallis.Hasil. Subjek penelitian 68 anak, 38 subjek (55%) mengalami hipotiroid. Feritin serum kelompok hipotiroid 3275 ng/dL, berbanding 3648 ng/dL pada eutiroid, tidak berbeda bermakna (p=0,443). Terdapat hubungan feritin serum dengan klasifikasi hipotiroid. Feritin serum berdasarkan klasifikasi hipotiroid nyata, subklinis, sekunder dan eutiroid secara berurutan sebesar 6575, 2687, 4089, dan 3648 ng/mL (p=0,027). Analisis posthoc mendapatkan hipotiroid nyata dan subklinis berbeda bermakna.Kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan feritin serum tidak berbeda pada kelompok hipotiroid dan eutiroid, tetapi berbeda pada hipotiroid nyata dan subklinis. Hasil penelitian mendorong dilakukan evaluasi profil tiroid secara rutin sejak dini.
Anticancer Effects of LBA-ST Yogurt Supernatant on HeLa Cells via Heat Shock Protein 27 Decrease In Vitro
Authors: Liziyyannida Liziyyannida , Riawan Wibi
Published: January 2018

Heat Shock Protein 27 (Hsp27) is overexpressed in cervical cancer as a response to stress conditions. Hsp27 overexpression increase invasion, migration, and adhesion pathways of cancer cells. The Yogurt supernatant contains Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) include acetate, lactate, and butyrate which have anticancer activity. This study aimed to investigate supernatant of LBA-ST (Lactobacillusbulgaricus-acidophilus, Streptococcusthermophillus) Yogurt can decrease the expression of Hsp27 in HeLa culture cells. The mechanism on how supernatant yogurt inhibit invasion, migration, and adhesion was studied by immunocytochemistry. The data was then collected and analyzed using One-Way ANOVA. From this study, it can be concluded that the expression of proteins that play a role in invasion, adhesion, and migration of the Hsp27 was proven to be decreased (p< 0.05 ± 0.005).Keywords: HeLa cells, yogurt supernatant, Lactobacillus bulgaricus-acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophillus, Hsp27
Antituberculosis and Toxicity Assay of ethanolic extract of Mimba Cortex (Azadirachta indica JUSS.)
Authors: Fatimah Cut , Wahyudi Erfan , B. Ernawati
Published: January 2018

According to WHO has identified so much people with tuberculosis disorder, and includes a disease that causes death. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been resistant to antituberculosis drugs were used, while the discovery of new synthetic antituberculosis are very slow. Traditionally, mimba cortex has been used to treat cough and bloody sputum. In previous research proved that the ethanol extract of mimba cortex can inhibit the in vitro growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study was conducted to determine the potential of mimba cortex as antituberculosis in vivo and toxicity test. Antituberculosis potency test in vivo in guinea pigs infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv directly into the bronchi using nebulizer. Then given mimba cortex extract 3 times a day 100 mg/kgBW and 50 mg/kgBW. Isoniazid, Rifampicin and Ethambutol used as a comparison. Antituberculosis assessment examination conducted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis on bronchial fluid speciments were taken every two weeks and tested in culture with Lowenstein-Jensen method. Acute toxicity test conducted on mice, the LD50 value calculation and observation of liver, kidney, and lung histopathology. The result of research showed that the ethanol extract of mimba cortex have antituberculosis activity in guinea pigs which has infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, 3 times daily dosing of 100 mg/kgBW for 6 weeks, showed that bacterium from +3 to negative, and 3 times daily dosing of 50mg/kgBW showed that bacterium from +3 to +1. Acute toxicity test results showed LD50 11.85 ± 0.571. That is including mild toxic category.Keywords: mimba cortex, antituberculosis activity, acute toxicity
Synergistic Effect of Arecoline in Combination with Doxorubicin on HeLa Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Maruti Astrid Ayu , Amalia Fikri , Meiyanto Edy
Published: January 2018

Arecoline, the main alcaloid of Areca cathecu L has been proven to posses cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines. The research conducted to examine the cytotoxic activity of arecoline alone and its combination with doxorubicin against HeLa cervical cancer cell line. Single treatment of arecoline in various concentration on HeLa cancer cell were done followed by the combinational treatment with doxorubicin. The cell viability as the parameter of cytotoxicity was measured using MTT (3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromide) assay. The apoptotic effect was examined by double staining assay using etidium bromide–acridin orange.  Arecoline did not show potent cytotoxicity effect against HeLa since the value of IC50 is 462 µM. The combinational treatment of arecoline and doxorubicin showed synergicity with the optimum CI value is 0,48 given by the treatment of 30mM arecoline combined with 125 nM doxorubicin. The result of this study shows that arecoline has potential to be proposed as co-chemotherapeutic agent for cervical cancer. However, further study on its molecular mechanism needs to be conducted. Keywords:  cinnamon essential oil, doxorubicin, T47D cells, combination cytotoxicity
Spade Leaf Extract Phytosome Modulates Krox-20, Neuregulinـ1, Phospholipids, and Cognitive Function of Traumatic Brain Injury Model in Rats
Authors: Jazmi Alif Fariz , Alfiantya Putri Fitri , Nurarifah Sitti Ayu Hemas , Purmitasari Erlin Aditia , Vitania Lilin Andreas , Riawan Wibi
Published: January 2018

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disorder of the central nervous system due to head trauma. TBI can damage nerve membrane phospholipids and decrease protein synthesis of neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) because of the transcription factor Krox-20. These conditions cause the lowering in nerve re-myelination which contribute to the decline of cognitive function. In Indonesia, citicoline is a neuroprotective drug that widely used to repair and prevent further damage of the nerve cells membrane caused by trauma. Spade leaf (Centella asiatica) extract phytosome (SEP) is a model of drug delivery system which expected to enhance the therapeutic effects as neuroprotective drug. This study aims to demonstrate and compare the effectiveness from SEP and citicoline as a neuroprotective characterized by increasing the activation of Krox-20, the expression of NRG-1, the distribution of phospholipids, and the improvement of cognitive levels on TBI-induced rats. Rats were divided into 5 groups namely: control (-); control (+); treatment with SEP 90mg/kgBW; citicoline 250mg/kgBW, and SEP in combination with citicoline. Krox-20, NRG-1, and phospholipids expression were measured by immunohistochemical assay, while cognitive function were assessed with the Morris Water Maze test. According to ANOVA test results, it was showed that SEP improved the nerve cells through the activation of Krox-20, NRG-1 expression, and distribution of phospholipids significantly (p <0.05). Based on Morris Water Maze test, SEP also improved the cognitive function in TBI-induced rats. Thus, it can be concluded that spade leaf extract phytosome combined with citicoline increase a higher phospholipids distribution and give the fastest time in the cognitive tests compared with of spade leaf extract phytosome and citicoline alone.Keywords : NRG-1, Krox-20, phospholipids, phytosome, Centella asiatica.
Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Activity on Mcf7 Cell from Ethanolic Extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Aglaia elliptica Blume. and Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
Authors: Agustini Kurnia , Churiyah Churiyah , Wibowo Agung Eru
Published: January 2018

Indonesian medicinal herbs have so many biological activity, including anticancer activity. This assay aims to evaluate three Indonesian medicinal plants (Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (TFG), Aglaia elliptica Blume. (AE) and Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (FV)) which have potency in anticancer activity. The experiment was done by MTT assay to observe the cytotoxicity activity on breast cancer cell lines MCF7.  Apoptotic potency was evaluated based on % population of MCF7 cell in subG0/G1 phase.  The results showed that IC50 from ethanolic extract of TFG was 241.24 ppm, ethanolic extract of AE was 19.442 ppm and  ethanolic extract of FV was 69.41 ppm.  Apoptotic potency for TFG was 6.46%,  AE was 11.94% and for FV was 8.73%. Thus, it is concluded that ethanolic extract of AE gives the lowest IC50 and the higher potency of apoptotic by significantly (p<0.05) increase % population of cells in subG0/G1 phase on 100ppm concentration.Keywords :  Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Aglaia elliptica Blume. and Foeniculum vulgare Mill., MCF-7, Apoptotic, Cytotoxic
Antiproliferative Effect of Secang Heartwood Ethanolic Extract (Caesalpinia sappan L.) on HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Rachmady Rahmawaty , Muntafiah Laely , Rosyadi Fahmi , Sholihah Imroatus , Handayani Sri , Jenie Riris Istighfari
Published: January 2018

Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) plays critical role in the initiation of breast cancer cell proliferation. Inhibition of HER2 overexpression is a promising strategy in the treatment of breast cancer. One of the potential natural substances that possess cytotoxic in cancer cells is Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.). Ethanolic extract of secang heartwood containing brazilein and brazilin shows cytotoxic effect on various cancer cells. Thus this research aims to determine the proliferative inhibition activity of secang heartwood ethanolic extract (SEE) through HER2 expression on MCF-7/HER2 positive. Cytotoxic activity of SEE on MCF-7/HER2 positive cells was observed by MTT assay, meanwhile the inhibition activity of  HER2 on MCF-7/HER2 cells was determined by immunofluoresence assay. Furthermore, to confirm the possible mechanism of brazilein and brazilin for its cytotoxic activity was studied through molecular docking using PLANTS software. Based on this study, SEE exhibited cytotoxic effect on MCF-7/HER2 positive cells with IC50 value of 25 µg/ml, and EES also inhibited HER2 expression, indicated that the antiproliferative effect of SEE was possible through the inhibition of HER2. Docking score of brazilein, brazilin, and native ligand on HER2 were -77; -73; -120 respectively, showed the affinity of brazilein in HER2 was lower than affinity of native ligand, but they had specific amino acid to interaction. Hence, SEE can be developed as one of promising chemopreventive agent from natural products.Keywords: Caesalpinia sappan L., cytotoxic, immunofluorescence, molecular docking, MCF7/HER2 cells
Acute Toxicity Effect of The Ethanolic Extract of Watercress Herb (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) in Mice
Authors: Ginting Herawaty , Dalimunthe Aminah , Reveny Julia
Published: January 2018

Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is an annual plant of the Brasicaceae family. Watercress has efficacy in the treatment of a hypo-allergenic, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, and treatment of tuberculosis.The purpose of this research was to determine the potential for acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of watercress. This study aims to observe the histopathology liver , kidney , heart mice and to determine the LD50. Test animals used were 40 male mice and 40 female mice were divided into 8 groups. Group 1 as the control group were given Na – CMC 0,5 % b/v and groups 2-8 were given ethanol extract of watercress herb with a doses of  0,5; 5; 50 ; 500 ; 1000 ; 2000; and 4000 mg/kg bw . LD50 test is determined by the number of deaths in the test group during the 14 days of treatment in the form of one administration of the test materials. Histopathological results at the highest doses showed necrosis and hydropic degeneration of the liver, serosis the kidneys, and the heart inflammation with myofibril irregular heart. LD50 test demonstrated the practical test material is not toxic because no test animals died.Keywords: acute toxicity, Nasturtium officinale R. Br., Ethanolic extract
Inhibitory Effect of Bombay Onion (Allium cepa L.) Extracts on Mitotic Chromosomes
Authors: Suwarso Edy , Anggraeni Dewi Nur
Published: January 2018

Cancer is one of the world health problems. Free radical could damage cells and lead to cancer. Antioxidant compound could be found in some vegetable such as phenols and flavonoids. Flavonoids and phenol significantly decrease micronucleus formation on mitotic chromosomes. This present study aim to explore the inhibitory effect of Bombay onion extracts (BOE) on mitotic chromosomes induced by cyclophosphamide. Twenty-five mice (body weight 20–35 g) were divided into 5 groups, with 5 mice in each group. Normal control group (NCG) were given CMC 5 mg/mice/7 days. Mutagen control group (MCG) that is previously given as NCG, 4 hours later were given cyclophosphamide at a dose of 50.0 mg/kg bw intraperitoneally. Three treatment groups, group 1 (TG-1), TG-2, and TG-3, were given BOE with doses of 100; 200; and 400 mg/kg bw for 7 days, respectively. After 7 days, all three groups were treated similarly with MCG. Thirty hours later, all groups were put to death and femur bone marrows were analyzed to count the number of micronucleus. The results showed that the number of micronucleus in every 200 polychromatic erythrocyte cells at mitotic chromosomes for NCG is 29.8 ± 2.387, MCG with a value of 120.8 ± 5,718, TG-1 showed 94.8 ± 7.049, TG-2 is 68.8 ± 3.421, and TG-3 which is 30.8 ± 0.837. TG-3 showed a similar result with NCG (p> 0.05).Keywords : mitotic chromosomes, Bombay Onion Extracts, femur bone marrow, micronucleus
Estrogenic Effect Ethanol Extract Corn Silk (Stigma maydis) on Bone Density and Histology Femur Profiles in Ovariectomized Rats Female Sprague Dawley Strain
Authors: Triutomo Devyanto Hadi , Miranda Amalia , Tamba Lora Johana , Lukitaningsih Endang
Published: January 2018

Osteoporosis in menopause woman is caused by estrogen deficiency which plays an important role in bone formation. Corn silk (Stigma Maydis) contains stigmasterol, a phytosterol compound predicted to act as phytoestrogen. The aim of this research is to observe the activity of Corn Silk as the source of phytoestrogen by in vivo study in ovariectomized rats. Bone density analysis was examined by using x-ray. Meanwhile, histological profile of bone matrix was determined by HE-staining microscopic observation. Affinity of stigmasterol to ER (α,β) were evaluated by molecular docking. The results showed that treatment of EECS after ovariectomy has not been able to increase bone density compared to the control group OVX. Moreover, histological observation of bone matrix showed that EECS performed improvement effect compared to was observed in the administration of estradiol. Docking between stigmasterol and ER (α,β) gave the docking score which are almost the same as that seen in docking with estradiol. In summary, EECS produced positive effects on bone density in estrogens-deficient OVX rats by reducing bone resorption. Therefore, EECS may also prove to be helpful in preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women whose estrogen is insufficient.Keywords: osteoporosis, phytoestrogen, corn silk, stigmasterol
Different 4T1 Cells Migration under Caesalpinia sappan L. and Ficus septica Burm.f Ethanolic Extracts
Authors: Haryanti Sari , Murwanti Retno , Putri Herwandhani , Ilmawati Gagas Pradani Nur , Pramono Suwijiyo , Meiyanto Edy
Published: January 2018

Secang (C. sappan L.) and awar (F. septica Burm.f) are known of Indonesian traditional medicine that highly consumed throughout centuries in order to cure various diseases. Recently, researchers also concern about its effects as anti-cancer on various cell types. This study was conducted to understand the ethanolic extract of C. sappan L. (ECS) and F. septica Burm.f (EFS) effects on 4T1 cells migration at various concentrations. Firstly, we examine cell proliferation profile with MTT assay under treatment with the extracts and obtained the IC50 value of ECS (20 μg/mL) and EFS (15 μg/mL). Subsequent assay conducted was to examine the cells migration under low concentration resulting in the migration inhibitory effect of both EFS and ECS with different intensity.  EFS performed better migration inhibitory effect than ECS. Finally, we conducted gelatin zymography and western blot and revealed that the migration inhibitory effect of EFS may correlate to the lowering of protein expression of MMP9 and Rac-1 after 24 hours of treatment. We conclude that both extracts are potential to be developed as anticancer agent and EFS is more potent for anti-metastasis.Keywords: C. sappan L., F. septica Burm.f, 4T1, anti-migration
Jamu as Alternative Therapy to Improve Quality of Life (QoL) of Benign Breast Tumor Patients at Rumah Riset Jamu “Hortus Medicus”
Authors: Zulkarnain Zuraida , Triyono Agus
Published: January 2018

Women with benign breast tumors could experience decreased in quality of life (QoL) due to pain and fear over the disease. This study aimed to investigate the QoL outcome in benign breast tumor patients who receive alternative treatment with jamu. A total of 26 female patients who came to Rumah Riset Jamu (RRJ) "Hortus Medicus" Tawangmangu in the period of September-December 2013 with complaints of breast tumor  and met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. They were given Jamu formula for breast tumor and drank its water infusion twice daily for 16 weeks. Short Form-36 (SF-36) scores was measure at baseline, middle and the end of study. SF-36 is a tool to assess the QoL that has been widely used in health research. The mean scores of SF-36 is elevated in middle and the end of study compare to baseline. There were significant differences between the mean scores before and after treatment (paired t test, p< 0,05). The results showed that Jamu had the potential to improve quality of life in patients with benign breast tumor.Keywords : benign breast tumor,  Jamu, QoL, SF-36
Sprache, Ideal und Wirklichkeit: Beobachtungen aus der Geschichte der Lehrerbildung
Authors: Oelkers Jürgen
Published: January 2018

Abstract: Most educators and many politicians consider teacher education to be the key for schools reforms. History of teachers education shows most notably a history of permanent idealization, great expectations and only small eff ects. Th e article uses german sources of 19th century to reconstruct some parts of this history and especially the emergence of an ideal language to phrase and embed expecations that are still vivid today. Students want to be ideal teachers, society expects perfect ootcomes and teacher education cannot help but forster these expectation as long as it follows the paths of its own history.Keywords: history of teacher education, ideals and idealization, teachers as persons, pedagocial expectations, aims of schools, panaceas.