bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MOLECULAR DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA SPP. ISOLATED FROM FRESH FISHES SOLD IN SELECTED UPAZILA MARKETS OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Seel S. K. , Kabir S. M. L. , Islam M. A.
Published: February 2017

Aquatic environments are the major reservoirs of Salmonella. Therefore, fishery products have been recognized as a major carrier of food-borne organism. Fish is known to harbor bacteria of public health significance. Aquatic environments are known to influence the bacterial loads in the harvested fish. The present work was undertaken for molecular detection and characterization of Salmonella species isolated from fresh fishes sold in different markets of Jamalpur,Tangail, Kishorganj and Netrokona districts of Bangladesh. The isolates were identified by their morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics with standard reference organisms, and molecular methods. Out of 20 pangas fish (Pangasius spp.) samples the number of samples found to be positive for Salmonella spp was 14 (70%); of 20 koi fish (Anabas spp.) samples this number was 17 (85%); and of 20 tilapia fish (Oreochromis spp.) samples it was 15 (75%). All the isolates of Salmonella were confirmed by targeting genus specific histidine transport operon gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed to know the susceptibility and resistance patterns of the isolates to different antimicrobial agents. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility test shows that 40 (86.95%) isolates were found to be resistant to azithromycin, 42 (91.30%) were resistant to erythromycin. On the other hand all isolates were 100% susceptible to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, 38 (82.62%) were susceptible to norfloxacin, 40 (86.95%) were susceptible to streptomycin.
Incidence and Glycemic Status of Infants of Diabetic Mothers among 189 Hospitalized Low Birth Weight Babies
Authors: Das Ashith Chandra , Azad Md Tarek , Nazme Nure Ishrat , Chowdhury Jannatul Ferdush , Rahman Zainab , Rahman Farzana
Published: February 2017

Background: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is 9.7% in Bangladesh. Infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) have a significant chance to develop various complications including glucose instability.Objective: To find out the incidence of IDM among low birth weight (LBW) babies and their relation with blood glucose level during 1st 48 hours of life.Materials and method: This cross sectional study was conducted from July 2012 to June 2013 on 189 LBW babies with birth weight <2500 gram up to 1000 gram admitted within 3 hours of life in the neonatal unit of Jalalabad Ragib Rabeya Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh. Detailed history including maternal history of GDM was taken. Blood glucose level was done during admission and at 3 to <6 hours of age, 6 to <24 hours of age and 24-48 hours of age.Results: Among 189 cases, male baby were 136 and female baby were 53. Preterm babies were 49.2% and term babies were 50.8%. Most of the newborn babies were delivered at hospital (78.3%) and by vaginal delivery (75.1%). Among LBW babies, 5% were infants of diabetic mothers. Hypoglycemia was present in 33.3% of infants of diabetic mothers which was significantly higher than infants of non-diabetic mothers (5.6%) within 3 hours of age.Conclusion: Infants of diabetic mothers may present as LBW and may be delivered prematurely and they have high incidence of hypoglycemia during early periods of life.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2017 5(1): 4-8
Critically Ill Obstetric Patients Treated in Intensive Care Unit: a Study in a Tertiary Care Institution
Authors: Haque Roksana , Rahman Md Mizanur , Jahan Showkat , Begum Kohinoor
Published: February 2017

Background: The complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading causes of death and disability of reproductive age in developing countries. So, care of critically ill pregnant patients is an important aspect of obstetric services delivered in a tertiary care hospital.Objective: This study was conducted to find out the proportion of obstetric patients treated in ICU over a period of one year, to ascertain the frequency of serious diseases, to identify the risk factors and to determine the maternal mortality of ICU treated patients with an aim to identify the importance of a separate ICU to be incorporated within the labor and delivery suites.Materials and method: This retrospective study was conducted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the period from January 2008 to December 2008. Total obstetric patients from all four maternity units admitted in ICU were 52 in number. Evaluation of the cases was done from records of obstetric patients treated in ICU. Necessary information was collected in a predesigned clinical sheet and the findings were compiled and necessary statistical analysis was done using SPSS.Results: ICU admission of obstetric patients in the year 2008 in DMCH was 0.82% of total deliveries and total obstetric population represented 14.3% of total ICU population. The main primary factors for ICU transfer were complications of eclampsia (59.6%) and obstetric haemorrhage (26.9%). The common final causes of ICU transfer were pulmonary oedema (35.5%) in eclamptic women and haemorrhagic shock (66.7%) in non eclamptic women. A total of 39 (75%) patients died in ICU. The major cause of death was pulmonary oedema (45.5%) in eclamptic patients and haemorrhagic shock (47.1%) in non eclamptic patients.Conclusion: Thorough evaluation of cases has revealed that many patients needed ICU treatment which could not be provided because of limited facilities. So, incorporation of a separate obstetric ICU in DMCH could be an important component of measures aimed to reduce maternal mortality rate (MMR).Delta Med Col J. Jan 2017 5(1): 15-19
Pattern of Otolaryngological Diseases among Paediatric Population Attending ENT OPD in a Tertiary Care Centre, Dhaka
Authors: Khanam Afroza , Akhtar Gulshan , Hossain Farhana , Chowdhury Nurun Nahar , Rahman Md Abdur
Published: February 2017

Background: Ear, nose and throat diseases are serious public health problems affecting all age groups. These include problem of hearing, speech, phonation, breathing, swallowing, smell and taste and protection of lower respiratory passage.Objective: There is lack of data on paediatric ENT diseases in our country and their consequences. This study was undertaken to determine the hospital prevalence of ENT diseases among paediatric population.Materials and method: This is an observational study which included 430 children presenting with ENT problem in the Department of ENT OPD, in a Tertiary Care Centre at Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2013 to December 2013.Results: The current study was conducted among children aged 0-15 years attending ENT OPD with common otolaryngological problems. Prevalence of ENT disease was more common among male children (52.79%) mostly belonging to 0-5 years (male 52.86% and female 42.36%). Vast majority of these children belonged to lower middle class family (52.32%) with inadequacy of basic health care needs. Diseases of the ear (39.75%) were most common followed by throat problems (33.71%) and nasal diseases (26.51%).Conclusion: Otitis media (acute and chronic), rhinitis and tonsillitis were most prevalent ENT disorder among the selected paediatric population. So clinicians should be familiar with these conditions to prevent potential morbidity and to create parental awareness.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2017 5(1): 30-34
Mechanisms of Regulation of the Chemokine-Receptor Network
Authors: Stone Martin , Hayward Jenni , Huang Cheng , E. Huma Zil , Sanchez Julie
Published: February 2017

The interactions of chemokines with their G protein-coupled receptors promote the migration of leukocytes during normal immune function and as a key aspect of the inflammatory response to tissue injury or infection. This review summarizes the major cellular and biochemical mechanisms by which the interactions of chemokines with chemokine receptors are regulated, including: selective and competitive binding interactions; genetic polymorphisms; mRNA splice variation; variation of expression, degradation and localization; down-regulation by atypical (decoy) receptors; interactions with cell-surface glycosaminoglycans; post-translational modifications; oligomerization; alternative signaling responses; and binding to natural or pharmacological inhibitors.
Rett Syndrome: A Focus on Gut Microbiota
Authors: Borghi Elisa , Borgo Francesca , Severgnini Marco , Savini Miriam , Casiraghi Maria , Vignoli Aglaia
Published: February 2017

Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 1 in 10,000 live female births. Changes in microbiota composition, as observed in other neurological disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, may account for several symptoms typically associated with RTT. We studied the relationship between disease phenotypes and microbiome by analyzing diet, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. We enrolled eight RTT patients and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy women, all without dietary restrictions. The microbiota was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and SCFAs concentration was determined by gas chromatographic analysis. The RTT microbiota showed a lower α diversity, an enrichment in Bacteroidaceae, Clostridium spp., and Sutterella spp., and a slight depletion in Ruminococcaceae. Fecal SCFA concentrations were similar, but RTT samples showed slightly higher concentrations of butyrate and propionate, and significant higher levels in branched-chain fatty acids. Daily caloric intake was similar in the two groups, but macronutrient analysis showed a higher protein content in RTT diets. Microbial function prediction suggested in RTT subjects an increased number of microbial genes encoding for propionate and butyrate, and amino acid metabolism. A full understanding of these critical features could offer new, specific strategies for managing RTT-associated symptoms, such as dietary intervention or pre/probiotic supplementation.
Les Bagnoles à l’Isle-sur-la-Sorgue (Vaucluse). Aspects nouveaux dans le Néolithique moyen du midi de la France
Authors: Sargiano Jean-Philippe , Van Willigen Samuel , Anna André d' , Renault Stéphane , Hunger Katja , Woerle-Soares Marie , Gaday Robert
Published: February 2017

The realization of a diagnostic archaeology operation in the hamlet of Bagnoles (commune of Isle-sur-Sorgue, Vaucluse) during the summer of 2006 led to the discovery of a group of hollow structures attributable to the Middle Neolithic. Though this site is known only very partially, it already appears to be significant. Indeed, several of these closed groups of structures reveal not only an aspect of the Chassean poorly identified until now in the Midi region of France, but have also yielded pottery forms and decorations unknown in the regional Middle Neolithic.
Mégalithismes en France. Nouveaux acquis et nouvelles perspectives de recherche
Authors: Laporte Luc , Jallot Luc , Sohn Maïtena
Published: February 2017

Le mégalithisme en France est un phénomène de longue durée, car il couvre près de trois millénaires, et d’une telle complexité que nul ne peut prétendre le résumer en quelques pages. Enrichie ces dernières décennies par de nouvelles recherches de terrain et par des synthèses thématiques ou régionales, l’étude du mégalithisme a vu ses angles d’approche renouvelés. À la lumière de ces travaux, cet article propose de faire table rase d’un certain nombre d’idées reçues, en insistant avant tout sur la complexité des pratiques funéraires et la non-linéarité de l’évolution des architectures mégalithiques. Chaque monument, aujourd’hui ruiné, est le fruit d’un ou plusieurs projets architecturaux, au sens propre du terme. Parallèlement, la mise en oeuvre du chantier suppose une succession d’actes techniques qui méritent également d’être étudiés en détail, un peu à l’image de ce que nos collègues médiévistes nomment «l’archéologie du bâti » . Nous avons souhaité également mettre l’accent sur la nécessité d’aborder le mégalithisme aussi bien sous l’angle des architectures que sous celui des mobiliers funéraires et des restes humains (lorsqu’ils sont conservés), ces trois aspects étant souvent intimement imbriqués. Enfin, le monument mégalithique mérite d’être compris dans son espace, l’espace funéraire au sens large, mais aussi l’espace sépulcral. Dès lors, une multitude d’interrogations et de nombreuses nouvelles pistes de recherche apparaissent. Le mégalithisme n’est pas un sujet désuet mais novateur, pour lequel beaucoup reste à faire.
Les reliques de Lothéa (Quimperlé, Finistère) : une tombe aux connexions atlantiques entre Campaniforme et âge du Bronze ancien
Authors: Nicolas Clément , Pailler Yvan , Stephan Pierre , Gandois Henri
Published: February 2017

En 1843, Arthur Boutarel, inspecteur des forêts de Lorient, fouille un tumulus dans la forêt de Carnoët, près du hameau de Lothéa (Quimperlé, Finistère). La découverte de la relation de fouilles, restée inédite durant près de 170 ans, porte à une révision de cette tombe à la lumière des avancées de la recherche. Le tertre, par sa taille, appartient aux grands tumulus de l’Âge du Bronze ancien de Bretagne. Le caveau funéraire est construit selon les principes de l’architecture mégalithique et peut être considéré comme un lien entre les sépultures collectives du Néolithique et les tombes individuelles de l’Âge du Bronze. Le mobilier, particulièrement riche, révèle une triple composante avec des éléments attribuables au Néolithique final (pendeloque en jadéitite), au Campaniforme (brassard d’archer, flèches à pédoncule et ailerons équarris) et au tout début du Bronze ancien (poignards, hache). Trois grands poignards de type Quimperlé témoignent de relations atlantiques par leurs formes et leur alliage fait de cuivre et d’arsenic. Ces relations à longue distance sont confirmées par la présence dans la tombe de deux chaînes de spirales, une en or et une en argent, qui proviennent selon toute vraisemblance du nord-ouest de la péninsule Ibérique.
The Timing of Immunomodulation Induced by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Determines the Outcome of the Graft in Experimental Renal Allotransplantation
Authors: Merino Ana , Ripoll Elia , De Ramon Laura , Bolaños Nuria , Goma Montserrat , Bestard Oriol , Lloberas Nuria , Grinyo Josep M. , Ambròs Juan Torras
Published: February 2017

The immunomodulatory characteristics of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may lead to multifaceted strategies in rejection of organ transplantation. This study was designed to investigate, first, the effect of the donor-type MSCs from Wistar rats on the immune system of immunocompetent Lewis rats and, second, the rejection responses in a renal transplantation model of Wistar to Lewis. In the first experimental model, MSCs from the bone marrow induced a systemic immune response in the immunocompetent Lewis rats, characterized by two different phases. In the initial phase (days 1–3 after MSCs infusion), the main findings were a decrease in the percentage of the main peripheral blood (PB) lymphocyte subpopulations [T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells], an increase in the FOXP3 MFI in Tregs, and an elevated concentration of circulating proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α). In the late phase (days 4–6), the percentage of T cells, B cells, and NK cells returned to baseline levels; the concentration of circulating IL-1β and TNF-α decreased; and the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4) increased with respect to the initial phase. In the allogeneic kidney transplantation model, rats were randomized into four groups: nontreated, cyclosporine oral administration, and two groups of rats treated with two different schedules of MSC infusion: 4 days (MSCs-4) and 7 days (MSCs-7) before kidney transplantation and in both a further infusion at the day of transplantation. Both MSC treatments decreased the percentage of T, B, and NK cells in PB. Creatinine levels, survival, and histological parameters were better in MSCs-7 than in MSCs-4. We can conclude that MSCs, by themselves, produce changes in the immune system; they do not need a pathological condition to produce immunomodulatory responses. In the renal allograft model, the optimal time schedule for MSC infusion before grafting was 7 days to prevent acute rejection.
Knockdown of TRIM44 Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Tan Yuying , Yao Hanxin , Hu Jinghai , Liu Lingyun
Published: February 2017

Tripartite motif 44 (TRIM44), a member of the TRIM protein family, has been shown to play a role in tumor development and progression. However, the potential involvement of TRIM44 in prostate cancer has not been fully explored. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed the expression
of TRIM44 in prostate cancer and assessed the role of TRIM44 in the progression of prostate cancer. Our results showed that the expression of TRIM44 was significantly upregulated in human prostate cancer cell lines. In addition, knockdown of TRIM44 significantly inhibited the proliferation,
migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells in vitro, as well as attenuated the tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistic studies showed that knockdown of TRIM44 significantly reduced the levels of phosphorylated PI3K and Akt in PC-3 cells. In conclusion, this study provided evidence that knockdown
of TRIM44 inhibited proliferation and invasion in prostate cancer cells, at least in part, through the inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These results suggest that TRIM44 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer.
A Continuum of Accretion Burst Behavior in Young Stars Observed by K2
Authors: Cody Ann Marie , Hillenbrand Lynne A. , David Trevor J. , Carpenter John M. , Everett Mark E. , Howell Steve B.
Published: February 2017

We present 29 likely members of the young ρ Oph or Upper Sco regions of recent star formation that exhibit “accretion burst” type light curves in K2 time series photometry. The bursters were identified by visual examination of their ∼80-day light curves, though all satisfy the

flux asymmetry criterion for burst behavior defined by Cody et al. The burst sources represent ≈9% of cluster members with strong infrared excess indicative of circumstellar material. Higher amplitude burster behavior is correlated with larger inner disk infrared excesses, as inferred from WISE

color. The burst sources are also outliers in their large Hα emission equivalent widths. No distinction between bursters and non-bursters is seen in stellar properties such as multiplicity or spectral type. The frequency of bursters is similar between the younger, more compact ρ Oph region, and the older, more dispersed Upper Sco region. The bursts exhibit a range of shapes, amplitudes (∼10%–700%), durations (∼1–10 days), repeat timescales (∼3–80 days), and duty cycles (∼10%–100%). Our results provide important input to models of magnetospheric accretion, in particular, by elucidating the properties of accretion-related variability in the low state between major longer duration events such as EX Lup and FU Ori type accretion outbursts. We demonstrate the broad continuum of accretion burst behavior in young stars—extending the phenomenon to lower amplitudes and shorter timescales than traditionally considered in the theory of pre-main sequence accretion history.
Les pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines en faveur du développement de l’employabilité
Authors: Zgoulli Saloua , Swalhi Abdelaziz , Tahri Najoua
Published: February 2017

La loi relative à la formation professionnelle du 5 mars 2014 stipule que « pour assurer l’employabilité de ses salariés, l’employeur doit prendre des mesures, pour que ses salariés puissent être à même de saisir des occasions d’emploi et en, tout état de cause, veiller à ne pas laisser ses salariés se déqualifier ». L’employabilité apparaît donc comme un objectif organisationnel à atteindre, d’où la nécessité pour l’entreprise d’apporter une réponse en termes de pratiques RH. Cette contribution se base sur une étude qualitative menée auprès de 21 professionnels de différentes catégories socioprofessionnelles à travers des entretiens semi-directifs. Les résultats de cette recherche mettent en avant les pratiques RH favorables au développement de l’employabilité et permettent d’enrichir les données empiriques des études existantes. Un regard particulier est porté sur l’application de ces pratiques.
Du logiciel libre au management libre : coordination par consensus et gouvernance polycentrique
Authors: Fallery Bernard
Published: February 2017

Self-management, entreprise libérée, collectifs automnes... la figure imposée du manager intermédiaire se fissure de plus en plus, notamment dans les nouvelles formes d’organisation telles que les communautés Internet, les PME dé-hiérarchisées, les collectifs ouverts de grandes entreprises. Mais il manque encore un cadre conceptuel pour analyser ces réussites et nous proposons ici de s’appuyer sur deux concepts : le mode de coordination par consensus (issu des travaux de J. Habermas pour une éthique de la discussion) et la structure de gouvernance polycentrique (issue des travaux d’E. Ostrom pour une théorie du choix institutionnel dans les systèmes auto-organisés).
L’addiction sexuelle : quelles stratégies thérapeutiques ?
Authors: Lagadec Marthylle
Published: February 2017

Depuis quelques années, nous observons une demande clinique croissante de personnes présentant une conduite sexuelle compulsive. Face à cette problématique particulière, il est essentiel pour les praticiens d’adopter une attitude bienveillante à l’égard du patient. L’alliance thérapeutique permet à l’addict de s’exprimer librement et de se décharger progressivement de ses ressentis de honte liés à son comportement sexuel addictif. Ainsi, le clinicien peut évaluer la pratique addictive et proposer un diagnostic. Selon la sévérité du trouble et la présence de facteurs de vulnérabilité et de maintien, différentes stratégies thérapeutiques peuvent être mises en place et proposées au patient. D’après la littérature scientifique actuelle, les thérapies cognitives et comportementales semblent être une indication de soins efficace pour les addictions sexuelles.
« Retour de l’État » et formes de domination en Russie
Authors: Sigman Carole
Published: February 2017

Comment l’État central russe, sous la présidence de Vladimir Poutine, reprend-il pied dans des secteurs stratégiques qui lui avaient largement échappé après la chute de l’URSS ? Confronté aux survivances de rapports sociaux issus des années 1990 qui l’avaient marginalisé de facto , le Centre utilise les ressources de la rente pétrolière. Mais l’essentiel se situe dans les modalités par lesquelles il s’impose et qui sont constitutives de ce qu’on a appelé la « verticale du pouvoir ». Cet article s’efforce de comprendre comment se construisent les nouvelles relations d’autorité et modalités d’emprise qui caractérisent ce régime politique en prenant comme terrain d’observation l’enseignement supérieur.
La bavure et l’émeute
Authors: Motta Alessio
Published: February 2017

Cet article souligne le rôle de « signes déclencheurs types » naturalisés et contraignants sur lesquels s’appuient les acteurs pour se coordonner avant une action collective. Une histoire de la naissance de la « bavure » policière comme déclencheur d’émeutes dans la banlieue lyonnaise permet de mieux comprendre les calculs des participants, en mettant de côté leurs diverses motivations. Au début des années 1980, les émeutes ne sont pas des réactions « naturelles » aux bavures. Elles émergent progressivement quand des conditions favorables sont réunies (météorologie, week-end, etc.). Les reproductions du scénario bavure-émeute et la construction d’une mémoire collective conduisent, après 1990, à une solidification du signal telle que chaque bavure entraînera des réactions de violence collective.
Comment prendre en compte les préférences des citoyens dans la décision de rembourser un nouveau traitement
Authors: Cleemput Irina , Devriese Stephan , Kohn Laurence , Devos Carl , Van de Voorde Carine
Published: February 2017

Les décisions en matière de remboursement de soins de santé sont complexes : les critères de décision sont nombreux, variés et parfois difficilement conciliables. Dans un système démocratique, la légitimité des décisions exige que les décideurs politiques tiennent, au moins en partie, compte des préférences des citoyens. L’étude présentée ici vise à mesurer l’importance relative, aux yeux des citoyens belges, des critères utilisés pour évaluer les demandes de remboursement de nouvelles interventions de santé. Une enquête a été réalisée dans le grand public en utilisant la méthode des choix discrets (discrete choice experiments, DCE) pour déterminer le poids relatif des critères de décisions. Les réponses de 4 288 participants du grand public ont été utilisées pour l’analyse. Une analyse de régression logistique multinomiale a été réalisée pour analyser les données. Les résultats montrent que les citoyens estiment que la qualité de vie est le critère qui doit peser le plus sur l’évaluation de la nécessité thérapeutique et sur les décisions de rembourser ou non un nouveau traitement. L’impact sur l’espérance de vie est également un critère important mais il est mis en balance avec la perte de qualité de vie. JEL Classification  : D71, D81, I13, I18
Incentive Regulation of Networks
Authors: Agrell Per J.
Published: February 2017

La régulation incitative des réseaux et infrastructures est un champ qui se développe rapidement en Europe, après une période qui a suivi la mise en place de la directive IEM où la régulation était peu incitative. Ce papier fournit une présentation exhaustive des concepts et des modèles de régulation incitative utilisés depuis leur renaissance aux Etats-Unis dans les années 80. Sur base d’un modèle d’agence simple, nous montrons que la régulation incitative a souvent été confondue avec un transfert unilatéral de rentes, à la fois dans le régime faiblement incitant de recoupement des coûts et dans le régime plus incitatif de régulation à ‘prix-fixe’. Le papier fournit également une liste complète et commentée de références pour les modèles de coûts les plus utilisés, paramétriques ou non, comme les DEA, COLS, SFA et SDEA.
Repenser la tarification de l’énergie
Authors: Gautier Axel
Published: February 2017

Le tarif de distribution est, pour des raisons historiques, lié au niveau de consommation. Maintenir un tarif de distribution au KWh nous semble problématique à un double titre. Premièrement, cela induit des choix de production et/ou de consommation inefficaces de la part des consommateurs. Deuxièmement, du fait d’économies d’échelle, une baisse de la consommation d’énergie entraîne une baisse des revenus plus forte que la baisse des coûts, nécessitant dès lors une hausse tarifaire, ce qui renforce le premier effet. Il faut dès lors repenser le tarif de distribution et le déconnecter, en partie du moins, du niveau de consommation.
La difficulté d’une régulation économique supranationale : vers de nouvelles solutions
Authors: Andreff Wladimir
Published: February 2017

Les principales dérives économiques du sport qui appellent une régulation internationale sont : l’indiscipline financière des clubs professionnels, les transferts internationaux des joueurs mineurs de 18 ans, les matchs truqués qui sous-tendent les paris sportifs frauduleux et le dopage. Cet article propose de nouvelles règles de lutte contre le dopage s’appuyant sur un protocole d’auto-déclaration par les athlètes des substances qu’ils prennent et sur une lourde sanction (exclusion à vie) s’ils trichent par rapport à leur propre déclaration. Pour réduire la masse croissante des paris sportifs en ligne frauduleux dans le monde, il est suggéré d’introduire une taxe « Sportbettobin » mondiale progressive sur les gains des parieurs, dont le taux augmente avec le montant des gains.
Choix des orientations d’études et besoins de la société
Authors: Lambert Jean-Paul
Published: February 2017

Cet article vise à documenter le débat public sur le thème du choix des orientations d’études au regard des « besoins de la société ». En Belgique francophone, en particulier, ce débat est parfois marqué par des prises de position insuffisamment étayées. Cet article développe une analyse approfondie, sur la base de statistiques détaillées, de diverses dimensions de la problématique : insertion des jeunes diplômés sur le marché du travail ; évolution des choix d’orientations d’études des étudiants universitaires « de 1 re  génération » ; comparaisons internationales, dans une perspective de « benchmarking », de ces choix d’études. Les conclusions de cette étude, qui battent en brèche certaines idées reçues, devraient permettre un débat public mieux informé
Montesquieu : une histoire de temps
Authors: Volpilhac-Auger Catherine
Published: February 2017

Redécouvrir Montesquieu, en son temps et dans le temps long de l’histoire : les œuvres clés du siècle des Lumières, Lettres persanes, L’Esprit des lois, Considérations sur les Romains, prennent tout leur sens si l’on prend en compte à la fois leur dimension littéraire, politique, philosophique, historique, juridique. Des temps forts de l’histoire, comme la découverte des Indes par Alexandre, le voyage africain d’Hannon ou l’invasion de l’Europe par les Huns, la prise de pouvoir par Auguste et le long règne de Justinien, révèlent la puissance de l’esprit humain et la faiblesse des sociétés soumises au pouvoir d’un seul. L’histoire, ancienne ou récente, devient le champ d’action privilégié de la pensée politique, tout en révélant la place infime de l’individu à l’échelle des siècles et des nations. À travers ce monde sans héros, régi par des causes générales et profondes, apparaissent les qualités maîtresses d’un écrivain philosophe : la liberté de l’esprit et l’acuité du regard, révélées par la succession des lectures, parfois contradictoires, qui en ont été données.
Using Second Life in an English Course
Authors: Wang Airong
Published: February 2017

This paper examines how technology affects participation in an English course in Second Life. Second Life-specific affordances, i.e. voice-morphing and sound isolated parcels, were used in this course. The data set consists of approximately 33 hours of audio recordings and chat logs of 8315 words. In audio, 10.8% of the course time deals with technological challenges, while in chat, 69.2% of the words concern technology. The types of technological challenges interfering with participation involve software complexity, unreliable functionality of SL, as well as hardware and connectivity issues. To deal with these problems, participants were assisted by pedagogical facilitators, technological facilitators, and SL-experienced peers. Based on the analysis of the challenges outlined above, this paper provides recommendations for language practitioners, focusing primarily on the course, participant, and program levels.
Revealing Learner Interests through Topic Mining from Question-Answering Data
Authors: Dun Yijie , Wang Na , Wang Min , Hao Tianyong
Published: February 2017

In a question-answering system, learner generated content including asked and answered questions is a meaningful resource to capture learning interests. This paper proposes an approach based on question topic mining for revealing learners' concerned topics in real community question-answering systems. The authors' approach firstly preprocesses all questions associated with learners. Afterwards, it analyzes each question with text features and generates a weight feature matrix using a revised TF/IDF method. In order to decrease the sparsity issue of data distribution, the authors employ three concept-mapping strategies including named entity recognition, synonym extension, and hyponym replacement. Applying an SVM classifier, their approach categorizes user questions into representative topics. Three experiments are conducted based on a TREC dataset and an actual dataset containing 1,120 questions posted by learners from a commercial question-answering community. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method compared with conventional classifiers as baselines.
An Assessment for IT Project Maturity Levels
Authors: Bolat Bersam , Kuşdemir Aslı , Uslu İpek Ceren , Temur Gül Tekin
Published: February 2017

The statistical assessments point out that approximately half of information technology (IT) projects cannot provide basic necessities and a quarter of them fail. Therefore, the necessity of effective project management tools to enhance the project management practices increases day by day. “Project management maturity model” as one of these tools is attached more importance in IT firms. This study aims to present a framework for IT project maturity level measurement and indicate how project management maturity level differs in terms of firm characteristics. Within the scope of the research, Kerzner's Hexagon of Excellence is extended with additional questions related with firm characteristics, and a case study including 16 firms from Istanbul Technical University (ITU) ARI Techno Park is conducted. In the light of responses, (1) problems which are realized in the project management processes revealed out, (2) relation between firm characteristics and project management skills are discussed and (3) results are interpreted in order to provide managerial insights.
Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections
Authors: Batra Priyam , Mathur Purva , Misra Mahesh C.
Published: February 2017

INTRODUCTION: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia earlier had limited pathogenic potential, but now with growing degree of immunosuppression in general population, it is being recognized as an important nosocomial pathogen.

METHODOLOGY: A retrospective 7 years study was carried out to determine the clinical characteristics of all patients with Stenotrophomonas infections, antibiotic resistance pattern, and risk factors associated with hospital mortality. All patients with Stenotrophomonas culture positivity were identified and their medical records were reviewed. Risk factor associated with hospital mortality was analyzed.

RESULTS: A total of 123 samples obtained from 88 patients were culture positive. Most patients presented with bacteremia (45, 51%) followed by pneumonia (37, 42%) and skin and soft tissue infections (6, 7%). About 23 of 88 Stenotrophomonas infected patients had co-infection. Percentage resistance to cotrimoxazole; 8 (5.4%) was lower than that for levofloxacin; 18 (12%). Twenty-eight patients died during hospital stay. Intensive Care Unit admission (P = 0.0002), mechanical ventilation (P = 0.0004), central venous catheterization (P = 0.0227), urethral catheterization (P = 0.0484), and previous antibiotic intake (P = 0.0026) were independent risk factors associated with mortality.

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that Stenotrophomonas can cause various infections irrespective of patient’s immune status and irrespective of potential source. Thus, Stenotrophomonas should be thought of as potential pathogen and its isolation should be looked with clinical suspicion.
Modification and Numerical Method for the Jiles-Atherton Hysteresis Model
Authors: Xue Guangming , Zhang Peilin , He Zhongbo , Li Dongwei , Yang Zhaoshu , Zhao Zhenglong
Published: February 2017

The Jiles-Atherton (J-A) model is a commonly used physics-based model in describing the hysteresis characteristics of ferromagnetic materials. However, citations and interpretation of this model in literature have been non-uniform. Solution methods for solving numerically this model has not been studied adequately. In this paper, through analyzing the mathematical properties of equations and the physical mechanism of energy conservation, we point out some unreasonable descriptions of this model and develop a relatively more accurate, modified J-A model together with its numerical solution method. Our method employs a fixed point method to compute anhysteretic magnetization. We obtain the susceptibility value of the anhysteretic magnetization analytically and apply the 4th order Runge-Kutta method to the solution of total magnetization. Computational errors are estimated and then precisions of the solving method in describing various materials are verified. At last, through analyzing the effects of the accelerating method, iterative error and step size on the computational errors, we optimize the numerical method to achieve the effects of high precision and short computing time. From analysis, we determine the range of best values of some key parameters for fast and accurate computation.
Numerical Approximations for Allen-Cahn Type Phase Field Model of Two-Phase Incompressible Fluids with Moving Contact Lines
Authors: Ma Lina , Chen Rui , Yang Xiaofeng , Zhang Hui
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we present some efficient numerical schemes to solve a two-phase hydrodynamics coupled phase field model with moving contact line boundary conditions. The model is a nonlinear coupling system, which consists the Navier-Stokes equations with the general Navier Boundary conditions or degenerated Navier Boundary conditions, and the Allen-Cahn type phase field equations with dynamical contact line boundary condition or static contact line boundary condition. The proposed schemes are linear and unconditionally energy stable, where the energy stabilities are proved rigorously. Various numerical tests are performed to show the accuracy and efficiency thereafter.
A Review on Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome Among Chinese Patients with an Emphasis on Preventing Adverse Drug Reactions with Genetic Testing
Authors: Wang Na , Parimi Leela , Liu Hong , Zhang Furen
Published: February 2017

Dapsone is a bactericidal and bacteriostatic against Mycobacterium leprae, a causative agent of leprosy. Dapsone is also applied in a range of medical fields because of its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS) is a rare yet serious adverse drug reaction (ADR) caused by dapsone involving multiple organs. We performed a systematic review of published articles describing dapsone-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, including all Chinese articles and the latest literature available in online databases published between October 2009 and October 2015. We determined the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and mortality rate of DHS. Importantly, we also summarized the recent advances in genetic testing allowing prediction of ADRs. In an initial systematic electronic search, we retrieved 191 articles. Subsequently, these articles were further filtered and ultimately 84 articles (60 Chinese case reports, 21 non-Chinese articles, and three epidemiological studies) were selected, which included 877 patients. The prevalence of DHS among Chinese patients was 1.5% with a fatality rate of 9.6%. Early withdrawal of dapsone and appropriate treatment reduced the fatality rate. Most importantly, genetic screening for the HLA-B*13:01 allele among high-risk populations showed a significant utility as a useful genetic marker to DHS. In conclusion, this review discusses the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of DHS among Chinese patients, which may help physicians to understand this syndrome.
Identificación de riesgos por desastres naturales en las cuencas hidrográficas Matasnillo (Panamá) y Goascorán (Honduras), y su relación con el cambio climático utilizando Tecnologías de Información Geográfica
Authors: Moreno Segura Eduardo L. , Mondragón Rivera Claudia N. , Cáceres Coello José D. , Carias Arias Antonio B.
Published: February 2017

Honduras y Panamá están caracterizados por precipitaciones intensas y de larga duración, tormentas, fuertes descargas eléctricas, inundaciones, incendios de masas vegetales, trompas marinas, tsunamis, episodios de la presencia de El Niño, La Niña y de derrames de sustancias peligrosas. El presente trabajo se desarrolla en el marco del Programa Universitario para la Gestión Integral del Riesgo de Desastres y Adaptación al Cambio Climático en Centroamérica(PRIDCA) coordinado por el Consejo Superior Universitario Centroamericano y financiado por la Agencia Suiza para el Desarrollo y la Cooperación -COSUDE-, y donde la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras y la Universidad Marítima Internacional de Panamá a través de un proyecto interuniversitario han decidido desde una perspectiva de investigación científica y tecnológica, establecer estrategias y acciones para la reducción de riesgos de desastres naturales en las cuencas hidrográficas de los Ríos Matasnillo, Golfo de Panamá, y la cuenca del Río Goascorán, Golfo de Fonseca, Honduras; y la relación del cambio climático que además comprenda un eje transversal de involucramiento y apropiación del proceso por parte de los actores claves en las zonas de estudio, mediante el desarrollo de una metodología que facilite la identificación, el análisis y la clasificación de riesgos producto de la identificación de amenazas y vulnerabilidades en el área de las cuencas seleccionadas a través de la aplicación de tecnologías de Información Geográfica, elaborando además propuestas y recomendaciones para minimizar riesgos identificados como altos en base a profundidad de la amenaza.
Prospectiva de la cobertura de la tierra en la Sub Cuenca del Río Mocal, Lempira, Honduras, Centroamérica
Authors: Sosa Reyes Yessica Yamileth
Published: February 2017

El objetivo de desarrollo de esta investigación se basó en el estudio de la dinámica de Cambio de la cobertura de la tierra en la Sub cuenca del Rio Mocal, generando para ello una Prospectiva por un Periodo de 20 años de la cobertura de la tierra. Definiéndose para ello la identificación de los problemas que inciden sobre el desarrollo territorial de la Sub cuenca, así mismo estableciendo escenarios de Destino (tendencial), escenarios de Porvenir y escenarios de Suceder. La metodología de implementación para este estudio se basó en la Identificación y caracterización de problemas, se desarrolló un diagnostico en donde se determinó las causas principales de los cambios de la cobertura de la Tierra y se formularon escenarios aplicados por la propuesta de metodología por Hevia (Araujo, O. R. 2005) para la Sub cuenca del Rio Mocal.Como resultado se obtuvieron periodos iniciales en donde se muestran el área de las coberturas de la tierra mostrando incrementos y decrementos del mismo, comenzando en el año 2014 y finalizando en el año 2035.
Astronomía y arquitectura en el norte de la península de Yucatán: Análisis comparativo entre Chichén Itzá y Dzibilchaltún
Authors: Casares Contreras Orlando J.
Published: February 2017

El urbanismo de la sociedad maya es un reflejo adaptativo y del aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales a su alcance para satisfacer sus necesidades, pero también pudo representar a través de los arreglos arquitectónicos al interior del asentamiento, una conmemoración simbólica de su cosmovisión en las que la propia naturaleza representó un elemento sagrado al cual se le vinculó con estructuras en las que, los eventos astronómicos que contienen son pieza clave del arreglo arquitectónico, urbanístico y religioso. En Dzibilchaltún y Chichén Itzá, los conceptos del inframundo, los elementos acuáticos y la astronomía son piezas fundamentales que se ven representadas en un período de traslape temporal a través de su arquitectura, vinculado con las ceremonias agrícolas y la fertilidad.
Primeros pasos para la obtención de un software arqueoastronómico: Aplicación al sitio arqueológico de El Puente
Authors: Rodas Eduardo , Mejuto Javier
Published: February 2017

El estudio arqueoastronómico del sitio arqueológico de El Puente comenzó por el interés en ampliar el conocimiento de este sitio, pobremente estudiado dentro de la zona cultural Maya. Sin embargo, al realizar el estudio cobró importancia la posibilidad de implementar un software arqueoastronómico que reprodujera las características del paisaje tanto geográfico como celeste y de esta manera poder extender el estudio a un número mayor de sitios arqueológicos sin incrementar los costes de una larga campaña de campo esperando poder observar fenómenos astronómicos in situ. Por otro lado, este trabajo muestra las conclusiones del comienzo de la aplicación de este método al sitio arqueológico de El Puente, así como las técnicas que son necesarias implementar para la consecución del mismo.
Social Position and Direction of Maritime Society Transformation (Case Study on Community Community Maritime Affairs Bugis Makassar South Sulawesi)
Authors: Demmallino Eymal B. , S. Ali M. Saleh , Gassing Abd. Qadir , Lampe Munsi , Nalefo La , Eskawaty Rosmala Sri Rezki , Bahtiar Bahtiar
Published: February 2017

The study aimed to analyze the social position of the maritime community in the context of maritime economic behavior and attempt to determine the direction for socio-cultural transformation in an effort to build a maritime civilization in State Bugis Makassar South Sulawesi. This study uses Verstehen (qualitative interpretative) to the maritime community's social position and the possibility of choice over the direction of its transformation process. The results showed that the social position the maritime community in the position marked with the mentality of economic behavior kelemah adab ~ karsaan, where on the one hand weak capital owners tend to behave in manners (exploit workers) as a consequence of the influence of capitalism and on the other, workers tend to behave weak intention (not productive, excessive dependence ~ resigned, and consumptive life style) as a consequence of the influence of classical Sufism. Worsened by the presence of modernization (acceleration technology ~ carbide) that are not relevant to the potential maritime and impartiality of policy makers resulting in further social pathology (each claimed), environmental destruction, and the destruction of the local culture. This study merekomendir necessity of directing the transformation of socio-cultural community of the maritime community in efforts to grow ~ develop economic behavior that mentality kekuat adab ~ karsaan as a major foundation in building a maritime civilization. In this effort the government alignments and selection of appropriate technologies to realize it is absolutely necessary.
Conservation Agriculture Promotion and Uptake in Mufulira, Zambia-A Political Agronomy Approach
Authors: Umar Bridget Bwalya
Published: February 2017

This study utilized 120 semi-structured interviews with smallholder farming households and two focus group discussions; as well as several key informant interviews with experts to explore the promotion and uptake of conservation agriculture (CA) in Mufulira, Zambia. Results reveal that ridges and flat culture continued to be the preferred tillage systems (97 per cent and 55 per cent respectively) despite the farmers having been trained in the use of a minimum tillage technique. None of the interviewed farmers perceived CA as a solution to any of their agricultural related problems. The NGO promoting CA in the district had framed it as suited for and claimed to target labour constrained HIV/AIDS affected households. Conversely, farmers complained that CA was challenging for them due to its high labour demands (23 per cent); poor harvests (18 per cent) and was unsuited to the rainfall patterns of the area (10 per cent). Local agricultural experts contested the promotion of basins in Mufulira. The framing of CA as a solution to labour constraints did not seem to hold in the study area. This effectively limited the contestation spaces available to the public officials with dissenting views on the suitability of basin CA in the district.