bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Air network performance and hub competitive position: Evaluation of primary airports in East and South-East Asia
Authors: Burghouwt Guillaume , De Wit Jaap , Veldhuis Jan , Matsumoto Hidenobu
Published: July 2024

The growth of hub-and-spoke operations has changed the structure of competition among airlines and airports, meaning that airlines now compete both directly (air services from A to B) as well as indirectly (services from A to B via H). Traditional measures of airport performance, such as passenger enplanements and aircraft movements, fail to address indirect connectivity via hubs. This paper uses the NetScan connectivity model to compare the competitive position of 13 primary airports in East and South-East Asia between 2001 and 2007. The results reveal that Tokyo-Narita has the greatest total connectivity, and that it is composed of direct and indirect connections via other hubs. It also has the greatest hub connectivity. However, the most striking connectivity growth took place at the three major airports in mainland China: Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. The number of both direct and indirect connections at these three airports increased at a much higher rate than at other airports in the sample. Indeed, other airports, such as Osaka-Kansai and Taipei, experienced deteriorating network performance during the period of analysis. The results presented here may be helpful for airlines and airports in identifying their competitive position vis-à-vis other airlines and airports.
The Federal Reserve and faster payments: ‘Umbrella’ or ‘rails’?
Authors: Lall Ashish
Published: July 2024

This paper analyses the responses to the US Federal Reserve’s public consultation on faster payments. It uses an inductive approach to identify emergent issues and stakeholder alignment around two issues: the role of the Federal Reserve in a new payments system and the design of a new payments system. There is little support for a publicly provided faster payments system and the ‘operator’ role of the Federal Reserve is likely to decline with the transition to electronic payments. The private sector views faster payments as a new channel rather than network infrastructure and is hesitant to invest in a new system without a business case. Americans will have to wait until 2018 for same-day payments via their bank accounts and much longer for near real-time payments, meaning the USA will, in this regard, fall further behind many developing and developed countries. Innovation will be limited to the consumer-facing interface and more closedloop networks will emerge in the short term. The coordination failure also leaves more room for firms seeking to disrupt the payment rails.
Unsociable cities? The lessons of English planning reform
Authors: Ellis Hugh
Published: July 2024

England is undergoing systemic deregulation of the way in which the built environment is managed. This grand experiment is based on ideological rather than evidential foundations, and the results seem to unpick learning about planning, land and land values. This paper briefly explores the changes and their relationship with Peter Hall’s progressive agenda for sociable cities.
Legal and regulatory update
Authors: Beresford Amanda
Published: July 2024

This legal review is the first in what will be a regular feature of this Journal. The intention is to consider new laws (cases or statutes) that have implications for urban regeneration and renewal. This article looks at three such cases, two relating to planning, 'Barker' and 'Sage', and one to compulsory purchase, 'Pascoe'.
How effective incident management retains market share
Authors: Enright Courtenay
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses the need for business continuity practitioners to make incident management a focal element of their programme. Particularly during the first few minutes and hours of a business disruption, an established incident management methodology is not only key to achieving a successful, coordinated recovery, but it can play an even more important role in maintaining customer confidence following a disruption or crisis.
Bayesian belief networks in business continuity
Authors: Phillipson Frank , Matthijssen Edwin , Attema Thomas
Published: July 2024

Business continuity professionals aim to mitigate the various challenges to the continuity of their company. The goal is a coherent system of measures that encompass detection, prevention and recovery. Choices made in one part of the system affect other parts as well as the continuity risks of the company. In complex organisations, however, these relations are far from obvious. This paper proposes the use of Bayesian belief networks to expose these relations, and presents a modelling framework for this approach.
A stochastic processes toolkit for risk management: Geometric Brownian motion, jumps, GARCH and variance gamma models
Authors: Brigo Damiano , Dalessandro Antonio , Neugebauer Matthias , Triki Fares
Published: July 2024

In risk management it is desirable to grasp the essential statistical features of a time series representing a risk factor. This paper aims to introduce a number of different stochastic processes that can help in grasping the essential features of risk factors, describing different asset classes or behaviours. The paper does not aim to be exhaustive, but gives examples and a feeling for practically implementable models, allowing for stylised features in the data. These models can also be used as building blocks to build more complex models, although, for a number of risk management applications, the models developed here suffice for the first step in the quantitative analysis. The broad qualitative features addressed here are fat tails. In the second part of this work to appear in a subsequent paper, mean reversion is addressed with and without fat tails. The paper gives some orientation on the initial choice of a suitable stochastic process and then explains how the process parameters can be estimated based on historical data. Once the process has been calibrated, typically through maximum likelihood estimation, one may simulate the risk factor and build future scenarios for the risky portfolio. On the terminal simulated distribution of the portfolio, one may then single out several risk measures, although the present paper focuses on the stochastic processes estimation preceding the simulation of the risk factors. Finally, this paper focuses on single time series. Correlation or more generally dependence across risk factors, leading to multivariate processes modelling, will be addressed in future work.
Sustainable facility management strategies
Authors: Badoian-Kriticos Marina , Hodges Christopher P.
Published: July 2024

The facility management (FM) industry is the foremost contributor to a high-performance, productive and sustainable built environment through strategic and innovative management of facility services. When practised effectively and strategically, FM can be a major efficiency driver, supporting business requirements, ensuring regulatory compliance and achieving corporate social responsibility and environmental stewardship goals. Doing so, however, requires well-qualified FM professionals to influence decisions and implement sustainability strategies to yield cost-savings, lower environmental impacts and provide comfortable, safe, healthy and productive workplaces.
Blurring the lines between sales and marketing: Influencing sales through customer-segmented social media marketing
Authors: Melchior Erica
Published: July 2024

Utilising customer segmentation in social media advertising is an effective way to market to, and convert business-to-business customers. Through strategic research, validation of audience mapping to social media and carefully selecting social media targeting options, marketers can reduce irrelevant clicks, preserve budgets and influence sales.
Schedules of condition and final inspections : Are they required under the Party Wall etc. Act 1996?
Authors: Cornish Stephen
Published: July 2024

This paper is an exploratory study into whether schedules of condition and final inspections are required under the Party Wall etc. Act 1996 (‘the Act’). It is common practice among party wall surveyors to gain access to adjoining owners’ properties to prepare a schedule of condition before the notified works commence and inspect upon the completion of the awarded works. There would, however, appear to be a tension between the statute itself and common practice, because the terms ‘schedule of condition’ and ‘final inspection’ are not included in the Act. It is the absence of these terms which has dictated the exploratory nature of this paper, drawing on various sources, including parliamentary debates at the time the Act was in the form of a Private Member’s Bill, the writing of an eminent surveyor who was chairman of the working party advising the legislators, and practising surveyors and lawyers. Consideration is given to the extent to which assumptions expressed in Parliament may have failed to find their way into the Act. My exploration is consideration of any distinction between statutory duty, professional duty, good practice and proportionality; a corollary to the duties and conduct of appointed surveyors is the problem of delegation in their quasi-judicial role.
Integrating non-destructive techniques into the scientifically robust assessment of vulnerable historic masonry: Case studies on Reigate Stone
Authors: Michette Martin
Published: July 2024

This paper summarises a scientific methodology for assessing masonry decay, developed over the course of a four-year research project on Reigate Stone at the Tower of London and Hampton Court Palace. Reigate Stone is a vulnerable building stone with a complex history of use, high cultural value and poorly understood decay processes. The Tower of London and Hampton Court Palace, managed by Historic Royal Palaces, contain a large amount of Reigate Stone masonry. As such, these important historic sites provided a range of different case studies for investigating Reigate Stone decay. Masonry decay is increasingly being understood in terms of complex system dynamics, in which the interactions between primary building stone, replacement stones, mortar and invasive agents of anthropogenic or environmental origin are as important as the nature of the building stones themselves in controlling non-linear response to environmental mechanisms. Integrating this diverse set of variables significantly increases the complexity of scientifically robust stone conservation. Non-destructive techniques (NDT) play an important role in addressing this complexity, but in order to make sense of the data they capture, it is vital to appreciate different scales of investigation and distinguish between rapid and in-depth protocols.
De-risking transport-oriented development regeneration
Authors: Huston Simon , Darchen Sébastien , Ladouceur Emma
Published: July 2024

Many global cities are poorly configured to cope with population shifts, climate change and peak oil. Transport-oriented development (TOD) could help reconfigure cities towards sustainability. TOD projects have dual logistical and place-enhancement functions however, and this ambiguity carries over to form and extent. The allocation, coordination and construction of multiple projects to revamp, connect and beautify can be contentious, complex and expensive. Planning regimes are usually conservative, and have competing objectives and dislocated organisational architectures. The consequence is often high-risk. The resolution to functional, financial and institutional TOD dispute is de-risking in two modes. In Mode 1, developers and government agencies remain separate but collaborate on an ad hoc basis, contaminated by uplift advocacy. In Mode 2, a Special Purpose Vehicle is formally constituted and risks are distributed more transparently. Given transport and financial constraints in many regional cities, Mode 2, or a public-private TOD partnership (PPP), is appealing but not without danger. PPPs are prone to agency problems while, empirically, their cost-effectiveness track record is mixed. Whatever the mode, coherent spatial development requires cooperation for efficient use of resources.
Impact of COVID-19 on commercial banking risk management practice: Survey evidence recommendations for practitioners
Authors: Shamieh Jamal M.
Published: July 2024

This study aims to discuss the impact of COVID-19 on commercial banking risk management practice. The study used a qualitative study design based on three different approaches: use of primary sources such as journal articles, focus groups and observations on digital trends. The impact of COVID-19 on risk management in commercial banks manifested in many areas such as deteriorating credit quality, increased cash outflows and reliance on digital systems. This study offers practical solutions for mitigating risk in various areas for the banking industry through survey evidence recommendations for practitioners. Although other studies identify the major risks, this study focuses on how to deal with each of these risks.
The internal cards market in Europe from 2002 to 2020: A success or a failure?
Authors: Bruggink Diederik
Published: July 2024

This article evaluates the history of the internal payment cards market in Europe from 2002 to 2020. It finds that despite such initiatives as EAPS, Monnet and PayFair, the European card industry has failed to create an independent pan-European card scheme. Thus, although Europe enjoys a unified payments market, with well-functioning domestic cards markets, pan-European cards acceptance across the Single Euro Payments Area is entirely reliant on co-branding with international (ie non-European) card schemes. While cards have become the most commonly used cashless payment product in the European internal market, the European payments industry has failed to deliver on policy objectives regarding sovereignty in the European payments market.
An empirical approach to Basel II
Authors: Whalen Christopher
Published: July 2024

The author argues that not only did the quantitative models utilised by many banks miss an ‘extreme’ risk event in the subprime crisis, but more generally overreliance on quantitative methods using market data seems to have blinded market participants and regulators to the obvious risks inherent in a business model for financial institutions focused on originating and trading assets for which there is little or no specific information. In view of the failure of quantitative models, the author uses the example of public data benchmarks for the top-level factors of Basel II to suggest that it is possible to create risk-sensitive estimates of economic capital and the other factors defined in Basel II without the use of quantitative models employing market data.
Community participation in urban road infrastructure redevelopment: Indian scenario
Authors: Ahuja Vanita , Priyadarshini Shalini
Published: July 2024

Urbanisation is an international phenomenon and intrinsically linked with the development of a country. For successful and sustainable urban redevelopment planning and implementation, participation of the local community needs to be strategically planned, as its members have an existing usage pattern of the infrastructure and surrounding areas and can be categorised as an important group of stakeholders. Urban road projects traverse a larger area and affect diverse and multiple groups in the community. In India, the practice of community participation for urban redevelopment projects is still at a nascent stage. Research discussed in this paper adopts a case study approach to understand the dynamics of effective community participation for road redevelopment projects in an Indian context. The paper discusses global research in this area and adoption of community participation in case studies of two urban road redevelopment projects in India. The findings show that the structure of public consultation and the parameters to be considered are different for urban road projects planned for core urbanised areas and peri-urban areas. After due consideration of these parameters, community participation should be strategically planned and implemented by the promoters of these projects.
Building a strategic security organisation
Authors: Howard Mike
Published: July 2024

In everyone’s day-to-day jobs there is constant need to deal with current and newly detected matters. This is now a world of immediacy, driven by the cadence of the business and its needs. These concerns should not be ignored, as failing to deal with these issues would not bode well for the future. It is essential that the gears are kept spinning. The challenge for any security organisation is to identify its short-term tactical requirements, while developing longer-term strategic needs. Once done, the differences can be accounted for and strides can be made toward a desired future state. This paper highlights several steps that the author and his team have taken in their own journey. There is no magic answer, each organisation will have its own unique challenges. Nevertheless, some of the approaches to building a strategic security organisation described in this paper are applicable to all organisations, irrespective of their size.
Regeneration in Devonport: New insights into community, participation and empowerment
Authors: Nixon David , Gardiner Marc
Published: July 2024

This paper reports on a qualitative study involving local residents’ accounts of regeneration from the perspective of living and/or working in the area. Devonport Regeneration Community Partnership was one of the 39 New Deal for Communities programmes funded by national government to transform deprived urban communities across England. With reference to both relevant literature and qualitative data, the paper focuses on the tensions that have arisen in the delivery of this project, particularly concerning concepts of community, participation and empowerment. The authors suggest that discontinuities between policy and practice in Devonport are likely to be indicative of frictions at a national level. They conclude with a series of questions intended to assist future proposals for urban regeneration elsewhere.
Weathering an academic strike: Using two-way communication and an emphasis on principles and values to maintain trust and reputation
Authors: Szustaczek Christine
Published: July 2024

This case study outlines the blueprint developed by one postsecondary institution in Canada to communicate with stakeholders during the longest academic strike in its 50-year history. It examines the values, principles and frameworks that were used to ground its response and presents the strategies, tactics and messages deployed at all stages of the labour disruption. The paper provides evidence to demonstrate how a commitment to two-way communication enabled the institution to attain business outcomes and maintain its historically strong relationship with its students and employees.
Building public confidence in emergency management
Authors: Pearce Tony
Published: July 2024

Over the years the State of Victoria has suffered many disasters, some of them resulting in extensive community, economic and environmental loss. A number of significant events, including the 2009 Victorian bushfires, major flood events in 2010–11 and their subsequent inquiries have resulted in the biggest overhaul of Victoria’s emergency management arrangements since 1983. One significant element of the new arrangements is the inclusion of an entity whose role it is to assure the emergency management arrangements at the system level — the first time such a role has existed. This paper will describe the reform programme currently underway in Victoria, as well as the governance and structural arrangements that have been put in place, before detailing the assurance processes that are being implemented.
What it takes to lead in risk management: An interview with Madelyn Antoncic
Authors: Antoncic Madelyn
Published: July 2024

Madelyn Antoncic discusses risk and business issues from her nearly threedecade career that extends over every modern-day financial crisis while serving at the Fed and many leading financial firms — Goldman, Lehman, Barclay’s, the World Bank and now Principal. She is a recognised thought leader in the risk management profession. Dr Antoncic shares her CRO perspective from time spent at Lehman Brothers during the apex of the financial crisis and her treasurer’s perspective at the World Bank during the EU’s sovereign debt crisis. She reflects on the importance of governance and that risk culture is always set from the tone transmitted from the top of the organisation. Even though Dr Antoncic and her team had been publically recognised at Lehman for building a best-in-class risk system, the risk management team was overruled when riskiness issues encountered commercial interests. She had been quoted in the press before Lehman had entered into its death spiral that ‘the biggest risk is complacency, the biggest risk is no-one wants to listen’. At the World Bank Dr Antoncic oversaw a US$140bn portfolio while developing investment products to meet specific client needs. She and her team developed catastrophic risk structures which helped countries mitigate and transfer such risk. Dr Antoncic emphasises that risk managers, or anyone overseeing the management of assets with a fiduciary responsibility, need to have the courage of their convictions and raise their hands when they see things that are not right as she has done and has been recognised for throughout her career. In her prescription for improvements in risk management, Dr Antoncic views technology as one of the most important tools of the risk profession. With it, risk managers can develop best-in-class models, but with incomplete data or the wrong data, the results are meaningless. But technology is not the only important ingredient. She believes risk managers need to understand the business so they can be a partner with business — be a sounding board not just a reporting function. And most importantly, she believes good governance is the key ingredient to a meaningful risk-aware culture. Dr Antoncic believes that in some institutions there is still too much concentration of power, still not enough checks and balances. She describes one of the big causes of the financial crisis as being inconsistent regulation and enforcement. At that time there were varied financial institutions taking the same risks and engaged in the same businesses yet regulated differently because of how they were incorporated or how they were chartered. This problem — regulatory arbitrage — still exists today in many respects, notwithstanding the good works of the regulatory community.
Challenges for systemic risk assessment in low-income countries
Authors: Catalán Mario , Demekas Dimitri G
Published: July 2024

Assessing and monitoring systemic risk is a challenge for policy makers and supervisors in all countries. It is particularly challenging in low-income countries (LICs), owing to a number of characteristics shared to a greater or lesser extent by most of them. This paper discusses these common characteristics and how they shape the nature of systemic risk in LICs, and concludes with some practical lessons for policy makers and financial supervisors that can help improve the effectiveness of systemic risk assessment and mitigation in these countries.
Engagement to collaboration ensures success
Authors: Francis Kathy L. , Carter Stephen S. , Hubbard Mark F.
Published: July 2024

Disruption to our daily business and functional lives is becoming more frequent, complex and costly. As leaders, what do we do with what we know, the support and tools we have, and our knowledge regarding the resources we need to acquire to navigate this disrupted world? One thing is clear: no one can do it alone. This is not a new concept — the ancient Greeks understood the power of the group. This paper argues that collaboration is the key to amplified knowledge, ability, energy, foresight and innovation, as there is obvious synergy when individuals, groups or organisations join together in a shared vision and with a dedicated purpose. This paper describes a process model developed by the Mid-Atlantic Center for Emergency Management & Public Safety to transform operational functions and spark quality engagement, the synergy of ideas and outcomes, and enhanced sustainability of purpose. This model uses a blend of new knowledge and experiences to build on collaboration models of the past, and has proven to be a success.
How web interactivity influences the image of a tourist destination
Authors: Alcázar Carmen Hidalgo , Sicilia María
Published: July 2024

The importance of the internet in the image formation process has been widely recognised by both academics and practitioners. Previous research has shown that it influences the cognitive and the affective dimensions of image, although most previous research has focused only on the cognitive part. Research on the influence that this medium has on image, especially through its most expressive and relevant vehicle, the website, still lacks empirical support. This lack of research is especially noticeable in the tourism sector, where the industry has witnessed fundamental changes in recent years. Destination sites have emerged for many cities and regions. The intention to travel to each particular destination may be then determined by the destination site characteristics such as ease of navigation, text and visual contents and accessibility (downloading time). Some website features may also influence the perceptions of website usefulness in planning the trip. This research focuses on a basic aspect of destination websites: interactivity. From the receiver perspective, the paper analyses how perceived interactivity affects the cognitive and affective dimensions of destination image. The relationships between the overall perceived image and tourist intentions to visit and recommend the destination are also evaluated. The results of this study extend previous research on the offline context by demonstrating how websites affect the image of a tourist destination.
Economic development in a pandemic : Reflections from Melbourne, ‘the world’s most locked-down city’
Authors: Wear Andrew
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the key principles of economic development in a pandemic. It does so by drawing on the lessons learned through the economic response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Australian city of Melbourne. Melburnians experienced 263 days largely confined to their homes, one of the longest lockdown periods in the world, resulting in deserted city streets and a devastated central city economy. The experience forced the City of Melbourne to adopt a range of unique and innovative responses, first to keep businesses afloat during lockdown, and then to reactivate the city. Melbourne did this while keeping a focus on longer-term economic development. This somewhat unique experience makes Melbourne a useful case study informing best-practice economic development in a pandemic. Key lessons emerging from Melbourne’s experience include the need to respond and iterate rapidly, the importance of collaboration with stakeholders and other tiers of government, and the need to maintain a focus on multiple time horizons, even in the midst of the crisis. These insights are potentially transferrable to economic development responses to other crises, including those catalysed by climate change.
Methods for the identification of urban, rural and peri-urban areas in Europe: An overview
Authors: Cattivelli Valentina
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the methods formulated to identify urban, rural and peri-urban areas in Europe over the last 15 years. The traditional methods based on urban–rural dichotomy are no longer functional to describe these territories, which are in constant transformation due to changes in urbanisation, demographic dynamics and economic specialisation. As such, statistical institutions, governmental organisations and scholars have developed new methods to delimitate urban and rural areas and have shed new light on the possibilities of describing peri-urban areas more accurately. However, their efforts to find the ‘perfect classification method’ that would precisely identify all the territories has led to an overproduction of methods and techniques. Thanks to an analysis of official and statistical documents as well as scientific papers published on this issue, this paper lists these new methods and clusters them in several classes based upon the variables they use to classify territories: demographic dynamics, economic and social indicators, distance and settlement structures, as well as the combination of some of these variables. Findings suggest that the most widely used methods are those based on demographic and socio-economic variables. Hybrid methods that result from the combination of several variables are less used.
Temporary and temporality: Public realm regeneration through temporary events
Authors: Cheshmehzangi Ali
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this theoretical study was mainly to explore the theories behind temporariness and how it is applied to regenerate the public realm. This research study focused on the implications which temporary use of the public realm may have for social behaviour and the identity-relations of a place. Subsequently, temporary use of a place verifies that there is no certainty to the potential of a place but rather possibilities filled with desire, significance and values that belong to the social environment. Within the context of social sciences, it can be corroborated that identities are considered to be developing norms in constant relationships with their context and their immediate contacts. This often appears to happen in an evolutionary process, meaning that identities have impacts on the socio-environmental relations of environments. Furthermore, it can be argued that there is no determinism to identity of a place, but rather a perceptible network of mutual relations that can define, materialise and revive a particular place. This argument comprises the core of this paper, which also elaborates on the fact that place is subject to change, decay, growth and development.
SEPA for corporates: On the path towards cross-border harmonisation
Authors: Wandhöfer Ruth
Published: July 2024

This paper reviews the evolution of the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) by identifying a number of areas in relation to efficient cross-border use of SEPA credit transfer and direct debits. Many international companies would like to make use of the harmonised SEPA proposition and centralise their payments and receivables flows. For those focusing primarily on the benefits of operating on a cross-border basis, which is one of the key opportunities envisaged for the SEPA, it is important to assess the degree and detail of emerging national approaches in terms of the implementation of the ISO 20022 XML standard, the types of national or regional Additional Optional Service and the different clearing practices associated with these. Other areas, such as mandate management in the case of direct debits and creditor identifiers or the prolonged coexistence of several domestic ‘niche schemes’, must be taken into account by companies that operate in a number of SEPA markets. Member states, EU regulators and supervisors, and the European Payments Council continue to focus on the harmonised implementation of SEPA. In this context, the SEPA Regulation, which mandated migration to the SEPA across the Eurozone by 1st August, 2014 is a key building block, which helped to ensure the momentum for migration. With the various timelines of the migration calendar brought in by the SEPA Regulation, the path for the long-term success of the SEPA harmonisation project has been laid out. Benefits of efficiencies and cost reductions for all users, including corporates, as well as increased competition are all expected to be realised over time.
Uncleared margin rules — initial margin: It’s time to commence the journey
Authors: Joshi Chetan
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to provide significant evidence that suggests many of the impacted entities in Phases 4 and 5 are still going through the stages of discovery on the complexity of the uncleared margin rules (UMR) initial margin requirements. To educate themselves they must cultivate knowledge through those that have already gone through the process and the industry vendors that would have experienced the different issues that had arisen through the previous three phases of UMR. Cementing that understanding is going to be critical for institutions. They need to be able to mitigate the risks, problems and issues that present themselves as they build, develop and execute on an implementation plan. They also need to utilise the external levers that are available to them and give themselves the best opportunity to end up with an efficient, robust and integrated operating model that transforms their internal collateral and margin capabilities. The reader can expect to take away a number of facts, considerations and solutions that will impact security, custody and Phases 4 and will be of especial interest to 5 firms preparing for UMR in 2019 through to 2020.
Planning check-in facilities for the future at Frankfurt Airport
Authors: Felkel Rolf
Published: July 2024

The present paper gives an overview of how Fraport plans future check-in facilities for Frankfurt Airport. It shows how, in a structured approach, the project team defined state-of-the-art and future check-in process variables and analysed the role of special check-in units within these processes. The basic assumptions were verified by an airline survey at Frankfurt Airport. Finally, the paper outlines a planning procedure implementing three planning steps: a linear calculation scheme, followed by a terminal layout phase and a detailed simulation of the newly designed check-in hall. It is shown how changes in the new check-in process might increase terminal capacity and meet airline expectations.
SURF’s Alliance for Action
Authors: Milne Andy , Cooper Elaine
Published: July 2024

In its post-economic-crash National Regeneration Strategy of 2011, called ‘Building a sustainable future’, the Scottish Government placed increased emphasis on community-led regeneration across Scotland. That significant departure from the previous failed property model of regeneration was broadly welcomed. But SURF — Scotland’s independent regeneration network — expressed concern regarding the inadequacy of resources to sufficiently enhance historically underfunded community capacity. As part of its broader community empowerment policy development, the Scottish Government agreed to invest in a SURF initiative aimed at both supporting and testing the viability of more collaborative community-based regeneration in a continuing recessionary context. SURF’s cross sector Alliance for Action brings together practitioners, funders, policy makers and academics to invest in and support collaborative regeneration in two contrasting urban communities. In conceiving and delivering this initiative, SURF drew on its experience, networks and widely respected ‘honest broker’ status to identify and support practical options for achieving more participative and sustainable community regeneration. The two main aims of the Alliance for Action initiative are to enhance resilience and practical outcomes locally and to identify and promote constructive debate on wider policy and resource considerations. This paper is based on the SURF’s 18 month interim report of the initiative so far. It indicates that the networking approach has successfully linked local assets with national resources and policy. It has also helped to coordinate investments and encourage collaborative partnerships within and between the communities and relevant national agencies. The report highlights learning on shared challenges of trust, leadership and the impact of the constrained and competitive funding context for community regeneration.
The other digital enablers: How are regulators shaping the use of open APIs and the cloud globally, and what more can be done?
Authors: Evstifeeva Polina
Published: July 2024

Over the past decade, emerging technology and changing client behaviour and market demand has seen banks put open application programming interfaces (APIs) and cloud technology at the heart of their business strategies. The regulatory response has happened at different speeds globally, but has broadly focused on laying the foundations for realising the growth opportunities for emerging technologies, while addressing the risks they may bring. Policymakers around the world are focused on promoting innovation by supporting competition and removing barriers to technology deployment. The next few years will shape the future of financial technology (FinTech). While there is a strong commitment from regulators to drive innovation, there still exist certain regulatory challenges to the immediate uptake of new technologies in the banking industry. This paper — leveraging content from a recent report by Deutsche Bank, ‘Regulation for banking transformation’ (https://cib.db.com/insights-and-initiatives/flow/regulation-driving-banking-transformation.htm), which included contributions from the European Banking Federation (EBF), the Asia Securities Industry & Financial Markets Association (ASIFMA), Google, Microsoft, Ernst & Young and Latham & Watkins — provides a high-level overview of the regulations applicable with respect to banks’, and their clients’, use of open APIs and cloud, and assesses areas where regulatory and market change could help drive uptake of these technologies.
Redefining a ’60s icon: A brand proposition for the 21st century
Authors: Whattam Giles , Bingley Angelina
Published: July 2024

This paper provides an overview of a brand reinvention from senior leaders at a UK university. In a marketplace that has become increasingly complicated, it is difficult to develop a unique and distinctive brand position. This paper explores the need to develop a distinctive brand proposition, examining lessons learned and exploring prerequisites that were crucial for success.
Social media: The impact of advertising, endorsements and trust among consumers
Authors: Feldman Russell , Stacey Michael
Published: July 2024

Perception on social media is paramount. For this reason, many regular users have developed a tolerance for inaccuracy or dishonesty. Indeed, there is a basic expectation that a person’s online persona will differ from how they present offline. This also is the case for many brands. Advertising and celebrity endorsements are rife on social media, and most users recall seeing such communications on a regular basis. From Twitter, to Facebook, to Twitch, social media networks are here to stay and have attracted many different demographics, resulting in greater opportunities for brands to communicate their wares to all manner of consumers. Brands have plenty of opportunities to find their voice — but even when they approach authenticity, users may still doubt their motivations. This paper reports on in-depth research conducted by YouGov to ascertain consumer perceptions towards social media networks, advertisements and celebrity endorsements, and the opportunities (and pitfalls) that brands face.
Similar but different: How University College Cork created a brand identity for Alumni and Development (and brand value for the wider university)
Authors: Mcsweeney Kate
Published: July 2024

This paper analyses how University College Cork successfully created a unique and vibrant brand identity for their Alumni and Development office while simultaneously creating value for the overall brand of the university. It reviews the challenges that exist for many higher education marketing teams in complying with overall university brand guidelines, yet successfully creating an alumni and development brand identity to meet the needs and wants of their target audience. The ‘Connecting You’ visual identity innovatively uses the key motif to connect alumni back to their alma mater on both a metaphorical and literal level. Drawing upon University College Cork's experience in creating a meaningful visual identity from the ground up, the data-driven research, traditions and components for success will be identified. You will be taken on a creative journey outlining the steps taken to develop a new vibrant alumni and development brand identity — focusing on the power of symbols, effective storytelling, compelling multi-media content and emotive design that evokes a sense of connection and opportunity with the university.
Small non-hub airport finances: Operational revenues and expenses and break-even enplanement levels
Authors: Smith Jon Lane
Published: July 2024

Although non-hub airports do not enplane a large proportion of passengers, they are nevertheless important to small communities. Unfortunately, the airports serving many of these communities are facing an increasing financial strain which could conceivably present a threat to their continued viability. This paper reviews the financial reports for a number of non-hub airports, using the data to identify the approximate level of enplanements necessary for non-hub airports to generate sufficient operating revenues to fund airport improvements not eligible for federal funding.
Defining the digital banking innovation maturity model: A comprehensive maturity assessment for the digital banking innovation framework
Authors: Vaidya Shripad Ramakant
Published: July 2024

COVID-19 has driven a paradigm shift, where banks have started digitising their entire life cycle operations, including front, middle and back office, either by modernising the legacy or by integrating with the new-age Technology wrappers and involving various innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI)–machine learning (ML), robotic process automation (RPA), data analytics, internet of things (IOT), augmented reality (AR)–virtual reality (VR), Blockchain, open banking and many more such tech themes. This paper suggests the way maturity can be assessed for a comprehensive digital transformation and innovation adoption programme. As the entire global banking world lacks a universal model of defining maturity, this newly defined ‘digital banking innovation maturity’ acts as a guide to a ‘comprehensive maturity assessment’. This assessment methodology is a blend of multiple perspectives such as (a) unique innovative themes created by the bank, (b) level of adoption of the best innovations and transformation suiting the business needs of banks, (c) The business value achieved from such adoptions based on any existing structured process of tracking the efforts. Four major parameters of this assessment include 1. digital banking innovation capabilities, 2. digital banking proliferation, 3. efforts to create a digital roadmap and 4. level of tracking the business value derived from investments in terms of their return on investment (ROI). This ‘digital banking innovation maturity model’ helps to introspect on such efforts and investment. The model can also help to define a process within the organisation for smooth functioning of such large transformation programmes. In addition, it gives an assurance to top management to research, adopt, experiment and proliferate to achieve the best value or outcome from each such investment. This assessment can help banks and financial institutions to create a good brand perception across the globe while striving for the highest maturity.
Breaking down the boundaries: Time for a rethink on international low-value payments
Authors: Uberoi Hank
Published: July 2024

Movements in populations and business changes have transformed low-value international payments from niche to segment. Traditional cross-border payments schemes are an increasingly poor fit, and the segment is poorly served. Banks are struggling to respond quickly enough to a fast-growth market, for a range of economic and architectural reasons. Is an alternative approach possible that secures the banking industry’s position in the profitable elements of the value chain? And is there an opportunity to grow market share, and to retain the liquidity, customer and brand of their global payments services?
Integrated planning for urban regeneration: The Dynamic Planning approach
Authors: Lichfield Dalia
Published: July 2024

The UK Government recognised the importance of a holistic outlook and integrated planning for urban regeneration as far back as the 1980s, but its progress has been slow. The call for ‘spatial’ and ‘integrated’ planning has since then been extended to all levels of planning, but is still not very well practised. In a previous paper (Journal of Urban Regeneration and Renewal, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp.180–184, 2009) the author suggests several reasons for this failure and, among them, the lack of a coherent concept of ‘integrated planning’ and the lack of skills in ‘how to do it’. This paper proposes a concept and, derived from it, a practical method for integrated planning under the title of Dynamic Planning for Urban Regeneration. It starts with seeking to understand — in discussion with ‘active’ and ‘recipient’ stakeholders — how their interactions brought about the process of change that led to the decline of an area. This analysis is then taken forward to anticipate the chain of events likely to result from any intervention and their impacts on different groups of recipient stakeholders. A third paper will suggest a method for integrated evaluation of regeneration strategies, which is incorporated with this method of planning.
The making of Meeniyan
Authors: Sully Stephen
Published: July 2024

This paper seeks to identify the key aspects of the evolution of Meeniyan town centre from 2000 through to February 2020. It explores particular events and activities that have occurred and highlights the groups and individuals who were responsible for initiation and implementation. The paper was prepared through analysis of information and studies and through a series of one-on-one interviews with members of the Meeniyan residential and business communities, from August 2019 through to February 2020.
The value at risk of the mathematical provision: Critical issues
Authors: Cocozza Rosa , Di Lorenzo Emilia , Orlando Albina , Sibillo Marilena
Published: July 2024

The paper addresses the calculation of the value at risk (VaR) of the mathematical provision applied in a fair valuation context. Following a balance-sheet approach, the classical definition of VaR needs some clarifications. For indentifying worst cases it is opportune to observe that an increase in the value of the liability corresponds to expenses or, better, additional costs, which may result in either a profit shrinkage or a proper loss. Therefore, the classical portfolio return distribution can be redesigned as a liability cost distribution, where critical values lie in the right-hand tail. In the case of the mathematical provision, the expected cost can be easily linked to the expected value of the reserve at the end of the risk horizon. After an overall view on the VaR problems from a managerial perspective, the paper presents, the choice of the VaR model and the number of risk factors to take into account, in addition to describing the calculation technique. The calculation, performed using a simulation approach, is developed as an application case of a life annuity portfolio and provides an estimate of the worst-case loss at a fixed confidence level after a fixed period of time.