bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of trait and state anxiety in 3-6-year old children during sequential phases of dental treatment
Authors:   Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India, Subramaniam Priya , Haqh Maryam ,   Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India, Gupta Megha ,   Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Vyas Dental college and Hospital, Jodhpur, India
Published: January 2021

Aim: To assess changes in trait and state anxiety of children during sequential phases of dental treatment. Methods: Three hundred children, aged between 3 to < 6 years, who reported for their first dental visit were included. Both parents and children were evaluated over five sequential phases of dental treatment. Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) were used to assess child’s trait anxiety. Children’s Emotional Manifestation Scale (CEMS) and Facial Image Scale (FIS) were used to assess child’s state anxiety. Child’s behavior was rated using Frankl’s Behavior Rating Scale (FBRS). Paired sample t-test, Pearson’s Correlation coefficient and Spearman’s Rank Correlation coefficient was performed. Results: Mean CFSS-DS and CEMS scores decreased significantly from the first (26.55; 10.25) to the fifth visit (24.74; 8.1) (p<0.05). A significant decrease in the mean FIS (state anxiety) score from the first (2.70) to fifth (2.48) visit was seen (p<0.05) Children’s behavior differed significantly between the dental visits.(p<0.001) There was a significant inverse correlation between behavior and both trait and state anxiety (p<0.05). Conclusions: Sequential phases of dental treatment significantly reduced trait and state anxiety.
Evaluation of bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite crystals as pulpotomy agents in primary molars: A clinical study
Authors:   Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India, Govindaraj Neeraja , Shah Kinjal ,   Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College and HospitalBangalore, India, Subramaniam Priya ,   Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry , The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India, Gupta Megha ,   Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Vyas Dental college and Hospital,  Jodhpur, India
Published: January 2021

Aim: To clinically and radiographically evaluate the potential of bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite crystals as pulpotomy agents in primary molars. Methods: A total of fifty teeth were selected from 25 children (14 boys and 11 girls) aged 4 to 9 years, who had no medical condition that would contraindicate pulp therapy. Each child had at least two primary molars (first and/or second primary molar) requiring pulpotomy. A conventional pulpotomy procedure was performed on the selected teeth using bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite crystals. All molars were evaluated clinically and radiographically at regular intervals over 12 months. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using Fischer exact test. Results: One hundred percent clinical success and 84% radiographic success was observed in both the groups at the end of the study period. Conclusions: The study concluded that both bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite crystals can be used as pulpotomy agents in primary molars.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DITINJAU DARI KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Solihah Ai
Published: January 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan hasil belajar matematika siswa pada SMK Swasta di Kabupaten Bogor. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen. Dalam penelitian ini eksperimen dilakukan dengan membandingkan dua buah model pembelajaran yaitu model pembelajaran TPS (Think Pair Share) dan model pembelajaran konvensional. Dalam penelitian ini, mempunyai tiga variabel yaitu model pembelajaran, Kemandirian Belajar dan hasil belajar matematika. Sebelum melakukan uji hipotesis, terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji persyaratan data diantaranya: pengujian normalitas dan reliabilitas. Hasil pengujian hipotesis pada hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan model pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar matematika (2) Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan kemandirian belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika (3) Terdapat pengaruh interaktif yang signifikan model pembelajaran dan kemandirian belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika.
Kondisi Fisik Pemain Bola Voli Pada Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Di MTs Attaubah
Authors: Supriadi Idris
Published: January 2021

Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode penelitian kualtitatif. Populasi dari penelitian adalah seluruh pemain bola voli di MTs Attaubah sebanyak 17 orang. Instrument yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah instrumen yang telah dibakukan dari beberapa sumber (buku) olahraga yang terkait dengan sub fokus yang diteliti. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data yang diperoleh saat penelitian peneliti mendapatkan hasil penelitian sebagai berikut : Daya tahan pemain berada dalam kategori sangat kurang dengan rata-rata capaian sebesar = 30,2 dengan persentase capaian 82,35 %. Daya ledak pemain berada pada kategori kurang sekali dengan kemampuan rata-rata 97,5 dengan persentase capaian 82,35%. Kelincahan pemain berada pada kategori kurang dengan kemampuan rata- rata 20,58 dengan persentase capaian 64,71%. Sedangkan untuk keseimbangan pemain berada pada kategori kurang dengan kemampuan rata-rata 21,72 dengan persentase capaian 70,59%. Secara keseluruhan berdasarkan penelitian tingkat kondisi fisik pemain bola voli MTs At-taubah berada dalama kategori kurang sekali dan kurang, hal ini meandakan bahwasanya pemain bola voli Mts At-taubah secara umum berada di bawah rata-rata. Hal ini bisa saja terjadi yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor baik eksternal dan internal. Oleh karena itu peningkatan seluruh aspek kondisi fisik harus ditingkatkan secara terstruktur dan sistematis.
Investigation of the Performance of Different Pixel-Based Classification Methods in Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) Determination
Authors: POLAT Nizar , KAYA Yunus
Published: January 2021

With the development of photogrammetry and remote sensing techniques, data collection has become easier. However, due to the large size of the data collected, extracting meaningful data from the data set has become a popular topic. Nowadays, the development of digital image processing techniques has contributed to the determination of land cover land use (LCLU) through digital images. In this study, a supervised classification was made over the orthophoto view to distinguish different land object classes in a campus area. The purpose of the study is to examine the performance of the three popular supervised classification techniques that are maximum likelihood, minimum distance, and mahalanobis distance methods. In the study, a confusion matrix was produced, and overall accuracy and overall kappa were calculated with manually generated ground truth data. According to results, the highest overall accuracy was calculated for maximum likelihood classification with a rate of 84.5 % and the minimum distance method has the lowest overall accuracy (43%). The research denotes that due to the lack of spectral information the supervised classification methods generate omission and commission errors. This fact has a direct effect on overall accuracy calculation.
Determination of the effect of functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with glycerolipid synthesis on intramuscular fat deposition in Korean cattle steer
Authors: Kim Hyeongrok , Oh Dong-Yep , Lee Yoonseok
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Intramuscular fat deposition in the longissimus dorsi
muscle (LM) of Korean cattle steer is regulated by several genes related to
lipid metabolism. One of these genes encodes the enzyme bovine
glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial (GPAM), which is located on
the mitochondrial outer membrane and catalyzes the initial and committed
step of glycerolipid synthesis in lipid metabolism of cattle. Previous
studies have shown that the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the
GPAM is quite extended and contains a polyadenylation signal site, erythroid
15-lipoxygenase differentiation control elements (15-LOX-DICEs), and
cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements (CPEs) that affect the regulation of
triacylglycerol synthesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to
identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to the regulation of
glycerolipid synthesis in the 3′-UTR of GPAM and to verify the function
of SNPs affecting the deposition of intramuscular fat in Korean cattle
steer. In the present study, 11 SNPs were discovered in the 3′-UTR
of GPAM. Among these SNPs, g.54853A>G, g.55441A>G, and
g.55930C>T were significantly associated with marbling score in
a Korean cattle steer population and were strongly correlated with each other
within the GPAM gene. Furthermore, based on the results predicted by the
RNAhybrid program, four putative microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified, and the
above SNPs were found to present in the seed region of these miRNAs. These
miRNAs have a differential binding affinity for each allele of SNPs
g.54853A>G, g.55441A>G, and g.55930C>T.
The in vivo evidence of intramuscular fat deposition in the LM tissue showed that
these SNPs affected the regulation of intramuscular fat deposition in Korean
cattle steer. Thus, the g.54853A>G, g.55441A>G, and
g.55930C>T could be considered as causal mutations regulating
intramuscular fat deposition in Korean cattle steer.
Bending of the concentration discharge relationship can inform about
in-stream nitrate removal
Authors: Dehaspe Joni , Sarrazin Fanny , Kumar Rohini , Fleckenstein Jan H. , Musolff Andreas
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Nitrate (NO3−) excess in rivers harms aquatic ecosystems and can induce detrimental algae growths in coastal areas. Riverine NO3− uptake is a crucial element of the catchment scale nitrogen balance and can be measured at small spatiotemporal scales while at the scale of entire river networks, uptake measurements are rarely available. Concurrent, low frequency NO3− concentration and stream flow (Q) observations at a basin outlet, however, are commonly monitored and can be analyzed in terms of concentration discharge (C-Q) relationships. Previous studies suggest that more positive log(C)-log(Q) slopes under low flow conditions (than under high flows) are linked to biological NO3− uptake, creating a bent rather than linear log(C)-log(Q) relationship. Here we explore if network scale NO3− uptake creates bent log(C)-log(Q) relationships and when in turn uptake can be quantified from observed low frequency C-Q data. To this end we apply a parsimonious mass balance based river network uptake model in 13 mesoscale German catchments (21–1450 km2) and explore the linkages between log(C)-log(Q) bending and different model-parameter combinations. The modelling results show that uptake and transport in the river network can create bent log(C)-log(Q) relationships at the basin outlet from log-log linear C-Q relationships describing the NO3− land to stream transfer. We find that the bending is mainly shaped by geomorphological parameters that control the channel reactive surface area rather than by the biological uptake velocity itself. Further we show that in this exploratory modelling environment, bending is positively correlated to percentage NO3− load removed in the network (Lr.perc) but that network wide flow velocities should be taken into account when interpreting log(C)-log(Q) bending. Classification trees, finally, can successfully predict classes of low (~ 4 %), intermediate (~ 32 %) and high (~ 68 %) Lr.perc using information on water velocity and log(C)-log(Q) bending. These results can help to identify stream networks that efficiently attenuate NO3− loads based on low frequency NO3− and Q observations and generally show the importance of the channel geomorphology on the emerging log(C)-log(Q) bending at network scales.
Brief Communication: Residence Time of Energy in the
Atmospheres of Venus, Earth, Mars and Titan
Authors: Pelegrina Javier , Osácar Carlos , Fernández-Pacheco Amalio
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The concept of residence time of energy in a planetary atmosphere τR, recently introduced and computed for the Earth's atmosphere (Osácar et al., 2020), is here extended to the atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan. After a global thermal perturbation, τR is the time scale the atmosphere needs to return to equilibrium. The residence times of energy in the atmospheres of Venus, Earth, Mars and Titan have been computed. In the cases of Venus, Mars and Titan, these are mere lower bounds due to a lack of some energy data.
Penetration of interferometric radar signals in Antarctic snow
Authors: Rott Helmut , Scheiblauer Stefan , Wuite Jan , Krieger Lukas , Floricioiu Dana , Rizzoli Paola , Libert Ludivine , Nagler Thomas
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) is an efficient technique for mapping the surface elevation and its temporal change over glaciers and ice sheets. However, due to the penetration of the SAR signal into snow and ice the apparent elevation in uncorrected InSAR digital elevation models (DEMs) is displaced versus the actual surface. We studied relations between interferometric radar signals and physical snow properties and tested procedures for correcting the elevation bias. The work is based on satellite and in-situ data over Union Glacier in the Ellsworth Mountains, West Antarctica, including interferometric data of the TanDEM-X mission, topographic data from optical satellite sensors and field measurements on snow structure and stratigraphy undertaken in December 2016. The study area comprises ice-free surfaces, bare ice, dry snow and firn with a variety of structural features related to local differences in wind exposure and snow accumulation. Time series of laser measurements of NASA’s Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) and ICESat-2 show steady state surface topography. For area-wide elevation reference we use the Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA). The different elevation data are vertically co-registered on a blue ice area and an ice-free slope, surfaces not affected by radar signal penetration. The backscatter simulations with a multi-layer radiative transfer model show large variations for scattering of individual snow layers due to different size and structure of the scattering elements. The average depth-dependent backscatter contributions can be approximated by an exponential function. We obtain estimates of the elevation bias by inverting the interferometric volume correlation coefficient (coherence) applying a uniform volume model for describing the vertical loss function. Whereas the mean values of the computed elevation bias and the elevation difference between the TDM DEMs and the REMA show good agreement, a trend towards overestimation of penetration is evident for heavily wind-exposed areas and towards underestimation for areas with higher accumulation rates. The angular gradients of the backscatter intensity show also distinct differences between these two domains. This behaviour can be attributed to the anisotropy of the snow/firn volume structure showing differences in the size and shape of the scattering elements and in stratification related to snow accumulation and wind-driven erosion and deposition.
Car ownership and commuting mode of the “original” residents in a high-density city center: A case study in Shanghai
Authors: Chen Tao , Pan Haixiao , Ge Yanbo
Published: January 2021

As a result of rapid urbanization and motorization in China, numerous mega-cities have emerged, and large numbers of people live and work in the city centers. Consequently, developing a public transport-oriented urban structure and promoting sustainable development are major planning strategies for the country. To understand the impact of rail transit on motorization in a high-density city center, we conduct a household travel survey in three neighborhoods around metro stations in the central area of Shanghai. We examine the car buying and commuting behavior of those Shanghai “original” residents who lived there when the city began growing, engulfing them in the center.
Studies have shown that 40 percent of commuters in the city center commute outward, following a virtually reversed commute pattern, and the factors significantly affecting their car purchasing choice include their attitude toward cars and transit, household incomes, ownership of the apartments they live in, and the distance between family members’ workplaces and nearest metro stations. Despite easy access to the metro from their home in the city center, those who purchase their apartment units also likely own a car, while those who rent their apartment units are less likely to own a car; however, these odds are still higher than for those who live in an apartment unit inherited from their relatives or provided by their company. In the city center, if a family owns a car, then that car would almost certainly be used for daily commuting.
A multinomial logistic model is applied to examine the factors influencing the tendency for using cars. The results show that people’s choices of commuting by alternative modes rather than cars are also shaped by their attitude toward public transportation, but other factors can also subtly change people’s commuting behavior under certain conditions. The commuting distance discourages people from walking and taking buses (but not metro). As the egress distance to the workplace increases, the metro becomes less appealing than cars. Mixed land use encourages people to walk or take buses instead of driving. Older people prefer riding buses and walking to driving, and female respondents tend to prefer walking, cycling, and riding the metro to driving compared to male respondents. These findings contribute to understanding the behavior of people who are familiar with public transportation and how to encourage them to switch from driving cars to alternative transport modes.
Impactos socioeconómicos y medio ambientales del turismo en España
Authors: Carvajal Salazar Stefany
Published: January 2021

En la década de los sesenta, el turismo se consolida en el territorio español convirtiéndose en una actividad determinante para la economía de España, tanto es así que los impactos positivos del turismo se reflejan en factores económicos tan determinantes como el Producto Interior Bruto y la balanza de pagos. De igual forma, el turismo logra influir positivamente en la creación de empleo y en la defensa del patrimonio cultural. A pesar de estos fenómenos remarcables, las repercusiones del turismo no han sido únicamente positivas, ya que parte de nuestras ciudades y costas han sufrido grandes problemas urbanísticos, de infraestructura, de contaminación y degradación, cuestiones que llevaremos a estudio en la presente investigación.
Comparison of Intravesical Hyaluronic Acid, Chondroitin Sulfate, and Combination of Hyaluronic Acid-Chondroitin Sulfate Therapies in Animal Model of Interstitial Cystitis
Authors: Danacioglu Yavuz Onur , Erol Bulent , Ozkanli Seyma , Yildirim Asif , Atis Ramazan Gokhan , Silay Mesrur Selcuk , Caskurlu Turhan
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Three intravesical treatment agents were compared in an interstitial cystitis rat model: chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and combined hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulfate.Methods: Thirty-five female rats were divided into 5 groups: control (group I), isotonic (group II), chondroitin sulfate (group III), hyaluronic acid (group IV), and hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulfate (group V). Chemical cystitis was induced in all experimental groups by intravesical instillation of 1 mL of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 15 minutes via the transurethral route. The treatment was administered every other day for 3 sessions 2 days after inducing chemical cystitis. Groups II, III, IV, and V received 1 mL of 0.9% NaCl, 1 mL of 0.2% sodium chondroitin sulfate, 1 mL of low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid, and 1 mL of 2% sodium chondroitin sulfate+1.6% sodium hyaluronic acid, respectively. On day 7, the animals were sacrificed and the bladders were removed for histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments.Results: Significant between-group differences were found in vascular congestion (P=0.006). The grade of submucosal edema in groups II and IV was significantly higher than in group I (P=0.006, P=0.006, respectively). In group I, the grade of granulation tissue was lower than the other 4 groups, but no significant difference was found between the remaining groups (P=0.016). Neutrophil cell infiltration was more intense in groups II and IV than in group I (P=0.006, P=0.006, respectively). Significant differences in the leukocyte and mast cell count were detected between groups II and IV (P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). Abnormal zonula occludens-1 and uroplakin-III immunoreactivity in group II was higher than in groups I, III, or V (P=0.002, P=0.010, respectively). Interleukin-8 expression was lower in group V than in group II (P=0.001).Conclusion: A single treatment of chondroitin sulfate and combined hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulfate treatment demonstrated efficacy by suppressing inflammation and achieving improvements in the urothelium.
Relationship Between Chronic Periodontitis and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Hyun Hana , Park Yeon Won , Kwon Young Chol , Cho Byeng Ken , Lee Jun Ho
Published: January 2021

Purpose: We investigated the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)/benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and chronic periodontitis (CP).Methods: A total of 103 middle-aged men who had received a health checkup were included. All participant data were prospectively collected. CP was defined as a 30% increase in the number of probed sites with a clinical attachment level of ≥4 mm among all probed sites. LUTS/BPH were assessed using transrectal ultrasonography, the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), uroflowmetry, and postvoiding residual urine volume.Results: The median age, IPSS, prostate volume, and maximal flow rate were 55.0 years, 9.0, 29.0 mL, and 20.0 mL/sec, respectively. In addition, the prevalence of CP was 27.2%. The IPSS total, IPSS voiding, IPSS storage, and quality of life (QoL) scores were significantly higher in patients with CP (median [interquartile range, IQR]–IPSS total: 8.0 [5.0–13.5] vs. 12.0 [7.5–20.5], P=0.004; IPSS voiding: 5.0 [2.0–9.0] vs. 8.5 [4.0–15.0], P=0.002; IPSS storage: 3.0 [2.0–5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0–6.0], P=0.021; QoL: 2.0 [1.0–3.0] vs. 3.0 [2.0–4.0], P=0.015). Additionally, the average flow rate was significantly lower in patients with CP (median [IQR] (mL/sec): 9.0 [8.0–13.0] vs. 8.0 [6.0–11.0], P=0.047). After adjustment for age, testosterone level, prostate volume, glucose level, cholesterol level, and waist circumference, the IPSS total and voiding scores were significantly and positively related to CP (IPSS total: odds ratio [OR], 1.141; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.045–1.245; P=0.003; IPSS voiding: OR, 1.243; 95% CI, 1.092–1.415; P=0.001).Conclusions: Our data suggest that LUTS/BPH is significantly related to CP.
Overactive Bladder Symptoms Negatively Affect Sleep Quality of Patients With Depression
Authors: Przydacz Mikolaj , Golabek Tomasz , Dudek Przemyslaw , Skalski Michal , Sobanski Jerzy , Klasa Katarzyna , Gronostaj Katarzyna , Dudek Dominika , Chlosta Piotr
Published: January 2021

Purpose: An established link exists between overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome and impaired sleep. However, earlier research on this subject only focused on the general population, and certain patient subgroups have not been examined adequately. Depressed patients constitute a unique population because of a possible bidirectional relationship between OAB and depression. Thus, we investigated the association between OAB symptoms and sleep quality in patients with depression.Methods: In this prospective, cross-sectional study, we analyzed data on depression, sleep quality, and OAB symptoms from depressed patients treated at our department of adult psychiatry. Data were collected with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Holland Sleep Disorders Questionnaire, the Athens Insomnia Scale, and the OAB Module of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire.Results: In total, 102 patients treated for depression were enrolled. Thirteen patients (12.7%) met the diagnostic threshold of OAB with the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire OAB Module. Patients with depression and concomitant OAB had significantly higher scores on the Holland Sleep Disorders Questionnaire than patients classified as nonOAB (P<0.01). OAB patients also had a higher risk of insomnia relative to non-OAB individuals (P<0.05). In addition, the relationship between OAB symptoms and sleep quality in patients with depression was independent from age and sex.Conclusions: In our cohort composed exclusively of individuals treated for depression, OAB symptoms were present in a significant proportion of patients, and OAB negatively affected sleep quality. Therefore, we recommend that OAB symptoms should be assessed collectively in patients with depression.
Correlation Between Testosterone Replacement Treatment and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: Lee Min Ho , Shin Yu Seob , Kam Sung Chul
Published: January 2021

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are a cluster of voiding symptoms, such as weak stream, hesitancy, intermittency, urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia. LUTS are frequent in elderly men and it considered the ultimate clinical symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. With aging, male hypogonadism is increased which is defined as decreased ability of the testes to produce sperm and sex steroids because of a pituitary/hypothalamic, or testicular deficiency. In academic andrology associations, the term “male hypogonadism” is commonly used to categorize testosterone deficiency. Testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) is defined as a decrease in serum testosterone accompanied by symptoms such as libido decrease, depressive disorder, erectile dysfunction, and fatigue. Although the mechanism about testosterone-replacement therapy (TRT) effects on men with hypogonadism is not yet identified, TRT has been shown to effectively relieve the symptoms of TDS as well as LUTS by several studies. Although the present review demonstrates the effectiveness and safety of TRT in men with TDS by prior studies, future large scale of clinical trials should be conducted to present more high-quality evidence to clinicians and patients.
Mapping Internet Celebrity on TikTok: Exploring Attention Economies and Visibility Labours
Authors: Abidin Crystal
Published: January 2021

With its rapid uptake among young people around the world, it is no surprise that TikTok is buzzing with cultures and practices of internet celebrity. Most notably, the platform is becoming more commercial and professionalized with the rise of TikTok Influencers, advertising networks, and agencies dedicated to monetizing content and embedding advertising on TikTok, and top TikTok Influencers raking in millions in income annually. However, little is known about the constitution of internet celebrity on TikTok yet, and existing models of internet celebrity on predecessor apps like Instagram and YouTube do not neatly apply to the distinctive terrain of TikTok. As such, this paper is an exploratory study into the makings of internet celebrity cultures on TikTok, focused on how attention economy and visibility labour practices have emerged as a result of the app’s features. With empirical data drawn from an extended period in-depth digital ethnography, and analyses and insights informed and supported by traditional anthropological participant observation and personal interviews with TikTok Influencers and agencies, this scoping paper offers a foundation for how celebrity, attention, and visibility are constituted across TikTok’s platform norms and features.
Null arguments and the inverse problem
Authors: Brattico Pauli
Published: January 2021

Native speakers can reconstruct null arguments from a linear string of words where they are notoriously absent. How they solve this problem remains an unsolved and largely unaddressed issue. This article argues for a unified analysis of null arguments that relies on bare sensory input. The key assumption is that antecedent recovery takes place at the syntax-semantics interface if and only if the unvalued phi-features of a lexical element cannot be valued from the information available in the sensory input. The analysis unifies the theory of finite null subject pronouns and control and furthermore interprets null argument sentences without generating phrasal null pronouns. Evidence is considered from three languages with distinct null argument profiles: English (non-pro drop), Italian (consistent pro-drop) and Finnish (partial prodrop). Finally, the model was formalized and tested by means of a computer simulation.
Los Matachines Del Barrio De San José De Huajuapan De León, Oaxaca, México
Authors: Rosas González Armando , Clemente Guerrero Dulce María
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo se presenta el álbum fotográfico de una expresión folclórica de la Heroica Ciudad de Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca; en donde existen esculturas que bailan al son de bandas de viento por las calles de la población y que son conocidas como los “matachines” del barrio de San José. Estas esculturas personifican a seres místicos y reales como diablos, payasos, personalidades de la farándula ó políticos. Los matachines están conformados por una cabeza tallada en madera de árbol de colorín o pipi, que es recubierta con yeso y decorada con pintura al aceite acorde a cada personaje. Poseen un armazón conocido como “huacal”, el cual está hecho con madera de pino y sirve para que el danzante cargue al matachín sobre sus hombros. Su vestimenta se confecciona de acuerdo con cada personaje y tienen brazos hechos con tela de manta y aserrín. Cada año durante el mes de marzo, los matachines alegran la fiesta patronal del “barrio de los chirundos”; rememorando antiguas celebraciones de las victorias conseguidas por los cristianos sobre los moros y danzas que simbolizaban la lucha entre el bien y el mal.
Estudio sobre el impacto ambiental antrópico en la laguna de Tiscapa, Managua
Authors: García Espinoza Maraegretta
Published: January 2021

La laguna de Tiscapa es un recurso hídrico localizado en la ciudad de Managua. Recientes estudioscientíficos demostraron que este cuerpo de agua mantiene niveles muy bajos de oxígeno, inclusive menores al 5%, el registro mínimo para que halla vida acuática. El principal motivo de este fenómeno es que la materia que cae de los cauces se deposita en el fondo de la laguna y tarda en descomponerse, después las sustancias en descomposición producen exceso de minerales que permiten la proliferación de algas. La floración de algas reduce la cantidad de oxigeno en cualquier cuerpo de agua, hasta producir anoxia, por eso ocurre la muerte de decenas de tortugas y peces en esta laguna. Este impacto ambiental es antrópico, los pobladores de la ciudad de Managua no han sabido manejar los materiales que desechan y llegan hasta los cauces naturales de corrientes de agua que desde siempre han desembocado en la laguna, la diferencia es que antes las corrientes eran naturales y solo tenían elementos propios de la sedimentación, pero ahora esas aguas arrastran materias nocivas para este recurso natural que debe ser salvado.
Desarrollo Comunitario: Recuperando Territorios Para Vivienda Digna. Un Pueblo Sin Vivienda Es Un Pueblo Sin Paz
Authors: Valenzuela Méndez Aura Margarita
Published: January 2021

El presente Ensayo titulado: Recuperando territorios para una vivienda digna, tiene el objetivo de divulgar sobre el derecho humano que tienen las familias a tener una vivienda, donde puedan habitar de forma segura, con sus niños y niñas. También fue elaborado con la finalidad de presentarse en el marco del XII Congreso Centroamericano de Antropología, con sede en la UNAN – Managua y que en esta ocasión además del compartir académico propio de esta ciencia, ha propiciado el encuentro interdisciplinario donde compartir experiencias y realidades que ocurren en la vida cotidiana desde nuestras comunidades en los países centroamericanos. La experiencia es presentada desde La Coordinadora Nacional Para Áreas Marginadas de Guatemala. ACONAPAMG, que es una organización integrante de la Red Jubileo Sur / Américas en la sub región de Mesoamérica. El tema de recuperación de viviendas dignas en Guatemala está unido a los ODS 1 y 11, sin embargo, el mortal sistema capitalista que endeuda a los pueblos para privatizar los bienes comunes, unido a que es un sistema patriarcal, racista, clasista, excluyente y violento es la principal causa de que tantas familias vivan a la intemperie en nuestra región centroamericana.
ROOT DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF MIXED STANDS OF Eucalyptus urograndis AND Acacia mangium UNDER DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOIL TILLAGE
Authors: Cabreira Gerhard Valkinir , Silva Eduardo Vinícius , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Paula Tafarel Rodrigues , Cabreira Wilbert Valkinir
Published: January 2021

Atmospheric nitrogen (N)-fixing tree species provide numerous benefits for the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil management on root development and growth of trees in mixed stands of Eucalyptus urograndis (Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blak and Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden) and Acacia mangium Willd. These species were established in a randomized block design with split plots, subjected to minimum tillage and intensive tillage, monospecific stand of Eucalyptus urograndis (1) and Acacia mangium (2), in addition to the intercropping of these species with 50% of the density of the compound compartment of each species (3). Increments in diameter and height were measured up to 49 months after installation of the experiment and fine roots (<2 mm in diameter) were sampled at five different points in two sets of trees per plot up to 1.0 m depth (0-0.1, 0.1-0.3, 0.3-0.5, 0.5-1.0 m) using a steel probe with 0.045 m internal diameter. After 49 months, E. urograndis trees showed greater increments in height and diameter. Treatment 2 showed a higher fine root density (FRD) in all layers. The implementation of mixed stands intensified the FRD of E. urograndis in the 0-0.1 m layer. Effect on root development was observed only in the 0.1-0.3 m layer, where intensive tillage increased FRD in treatment 2. Thus, mixed stands can be an excellent alternative for forest production in areas subjected to soil degradation.
RUBBER TREE RESPONSE TO N, P and K DOSES IN FERTILIZATION AT PLANTING
Authors: Diniz Anderson Ribeiro , Pereira Marcos Gervasio Gervasio , Zonta Everaldo , Guareschi Roni Fernandes , Sousa Ana Carolina Oliveira , Fernandes Douglath Alves Corrêa
Published: January 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, root and shoot dry mass accumulation and nutritional status of rubber tree in the initial stage of cultivation, under different combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Combinations of the following doses were tested: 0, 20, 40 and 80 kg ha-1 of N; 0, 75, 150 and 300 kg ha-1 of P2O5; and 0, 25, 50 and 100 kg of K2O. Under the soil and climate conditions analyzed, the combinations of NPK fertilization applied at planting only caused significant growth responses of rubber tree plants as a function of the absence of N and its presence at the dose of 80 kg ha-1. Through leaf analysis it was possible to verify that N fertilization and P fertilization are adequately meeting the needs of rubber tree plants, while the K doses tested did not reach the adequate levels of sufficiency.
TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Mezilaurus itauba WOOD: APPLICATION AND MACHINING TESTS
Authors: Rodrigues Jaime Vieira , Barbosa Felipe Manzoni , Dreyer Jaqueline Beatriz Brixner , Schorr Luís Paulo Baldissera , Cuchi Tarik , Schlickmann Monique Bohora
Published: January 2021

Brazil has several forest species that can be used for sustainable wood production. However, finding materials with technological quality is still a challenge. Wood is an excellent building material, however, there are few studies that have investigated the technological characterization, machining and processing of these species, including Mezilaurus itauba (Meisn.) Taub. Ex Mez. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the technical characteristics and application potential of M. itauba wood from two distinct commercial lots, by analyzing its mechanical properties and performing machining tests.  For this, static bending, dynamics and machining tests were carried out. The perpendicular compression tests of the evaluated fibers presented mean values of 9899.77 Mpa and 10670.74 Mpa for the elasticity module of lot 1 and lot 2, respectively. The average value observed for the L1 rupture module was 96.02 Mpa, while for L2 it was 113.85 Mpa. For the shear tests, low variation was observed between the specimens as well as between the evaluated lots. As for machining tests, M. itauba wood was classified as excellent for manufacturing furniture and internal openings. The M. itauba lots have acceptable mechanical strength, and the density is indicated for structural works, as well as for manufacturing furniture and interiors.
STRUCTURE AND DIVERSITY OF THE ARBOREAL COMPONENT IN CERRADO SENSU STRICTO IN NORTHERN MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Lima Priscila Mendes , Arruda Daniel Meira , Fonseca Rúbia Santos , Silva Deicy Danielle
Published: January 2021

Due to a rapid change in the land use in northern Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil, large amounts of cerrado have been converted into crops. There is little information about the structure and diversity of the remaining communities in the region. The present study aimed to characterize the structure of the tree vegetation in a cerrado sensu stricto area. We delimited thirty 20m x 20m plots and sampled tree individuals with diameter equal to or greater than 4.8 cm at 30 cm from the ground level (DGH30). We sampled a total of 2616 individuals of 76 species and 33 botanical families. The community showed a density of 2180 ind/ha and a basal area of 17.3 m2/ha. Qualea grandiflora, Terminalia fagifolia, and Dimorphandra mollis showed high importance values. Standing dead individuals stood out in the community. The Shannon diversity index (3.10) and Pielou’s evenness (0.70) indicate that the community is in an intermediate stage of succession in comparison with others. Despite the signs of disturbance, the community still includes species of great social and economic importance for the local population. This community’s floristic and structural patterns can be used to reference extractive management, restoration, and conservation initiatives of other cerrado areas in the region.
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS FOR CLASSIFICATION OF DENDROMETRIC AND ENERGETIC VARIABLES OF Eucalyptus benthamii
Authors: Benin Cristiane Carla , Watzlawick Luciano Farinha , De Lima Vanderlei Aparecido
Published: January 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate dendrometric data and energetic properties of E. benthamii, based on evaluations in plantations of different ages and regions of production, in Guarapuava-PR, through multivariate statistical analysis. The data refer to three regions (R1, R2 and R3) and ages (5, 6 and 7 years), were submitted to multivariate techniques: factor analysis, analysis of the main components and analysis of hierarchical grouping. The reduction in the dimensionality of the data was found containing only 5 attributes of the initial 13, which are (average DBH, average height, volume per hectare, basic density of wood and energy density), associated with two main components, capable of representing 95.22% of the data variance. The plantations in the R1 region with seven years of age showed excellent energetic properties, while the plantations in R2 region with seven years and R3 region with six years represent more productive areas, evaluated by dendrometric variables. It was also observed that plantations with older age and higher basic wood density have higher quality for energy use. It can be concluded that the cluster analysis was adequate to efficiently stratify regions and ages with higher and lower productivity, as well as those with better energetic properties.
PROTECTED AREAS IN BRAZIL: EVOLUTION, LAND USE AND COVER, AND IMPACT ON EMISSIONS INVENTORY
Authors: Cantinho Roberta Zecchini , Linares Jimmy Alexander Hernandez , Vieira José Luiz Vieira da Cruz , Assis Mauro Lucio Rodrigues de , Bustamante Mercedes Maria Da Cunha
Published: January 2021

Faced with population growth and intensification of the use of natural resources, Protected Areas (PA) and Indigenous Lands (IL) play a fundamental role in environmental conservation. The carbon increment of preserved vegetation within these areas is accounted for as CO2 removal in the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) sector of the National Emissions Inventory. A topological evaluation of overlaps was made of the databases of PAs (full protection and sustainable use) and ILs, showing that they represent 6% of the protected areas. Of the total of PAs and ILs areas, 43% were established by 1994, 26% by 2002, 26% by 2010, and 4% between 2011 and 2016. This evaluation showed that 30% of the territory is within PAs and ILs. In terms of area, 84% is distributed in the Amazon, 9% in the Cerrado, 4% in the Atlantic Forest, 3% in the Caatinga, 0,2% in the Pantanal, and 0,3% in the Pampa. In assessing the use and cover of 2010 of the PAs and ILs created up to this year, it was possible to notice that 68% of the areas within the PAs have preserved vegetation, whereas in ILs, this percentage increases to 89%. Under the Third Emissions Inventory, the removal of vegetation protected in PAs and ILs decreased by 16% of the national net emissions of the LULUCF sector between 2002 and 2010, showing the importance of preserving forests and grasslands.
ENERGETIC POTENTIAL OF Phyllostachys bambusoides AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF BIOMASS
Authors: Brand Martha Andreia , Balduino Junior Ailton Leonel , Friederichs Gustavo , Cunha Alexsandro Bayestorff da
Published: January 2021

In Brazil, Phyllostachys bambusoides has been used for the manufacture of laminated bamboo products and landscaping. However, studies of its energy quality are rare. Thus, this study aimed to determine the energetic quality of Phyllostachys bambusoides for the use of stems in the fresh form (chips) for direct burning, as charcoal and as briquettes. Its energy potential was also determined by mass and energy balance for each solid biofuel (chips, briquettes, and charcoal). The analyzes were carried out on five individuals (shoots) at 3 years of age, collected at experimental plantations in Frei Rogério, SC. In the stems the newly collected moisture was determined; specific gravity; chemical composition; immediate analysis and higher calorific value. In laboratory charcoal, gravimetric yield, apparent relative density, immediate analysis, and higher calorific value were determined. The briquettes, made in the laboratory, were evaluated through their apparent density and compressive strength. For the stems, charcoal, and briquettes the energy density was calculated and a flowchart composed of the mass balance was calculated and the thermal energy production potential for each 100 kg of biomass used in the production of each biofuel analyzed was calculated. The energy density of stems (1.87 Gcal.m-3), charcoal (2.60 Gcal.m-3), and briquettes (4.68 Gcal.m-3) varied significantly. The highest useful energy potential can be obtained from briquettes (0.304 Gcal), charcoal (0.184 Gcal) followed by stems (0.168 Gcal) for each 100 kg of bamboo harvested with a mean moisture content of 35%.
PHENOLOGY OF Copernicia alba IN FLOODED AND NOT FLOODED ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Araujo Maicon Marinho Vieira , Lobo Francisco Almeida
Published: January 2021

The objective of this study is to describe the reproductive and vegetative phenological patterns of individuals of Copernicia alba, popularly known as "carandá", present in a flooded and non-flooded environment and to test the relations between vegetative and reproductive phenophasesand climatic seasonality. The phenological aspects of the carandá were obtained through a biweekly observation of 22 individuals from two areas of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso between August 2015 and August 2017. The carandá population presented a perennial behavior, flowering during the dry season and a greater leaf intensity in the transition period to the rainy season. Budding, although continuous, was intense in the rainy season, and the leaf deciduous pattern had a direct interference from the absence of rainfalls in the dry period. The incidence of floral buds occurred in the dry period, and the flowering occurred between the dry and rainy periods. The fruiting period occurred in the rainy season, indicating a high synchronism of phenophases.
DENSITY MANAGEMENT DIAGRAM FOR Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill. ex Maiden STANDS CONTROLLED BY DOMINANT HEIGHT
Authors: Marangon Gabriel Paes , Arnoni Costa Emanuel , Guimarães Finger César Augusto , Schneider Paulo Renato , Teixeira Martins Matheus
Published: January 2021

Density management diagram for eucalyptus stands controlled by dominant height. The present study aimed to elaborate Density Management Diagrams (DMD) for Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill. ex Maiden stands including the dominant height. Data were obtained from permanent plots installed in the Centro Oriental Riograndense region and the Porto Alegre Metropolitan area, both located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The models to describe the relationships between average volume, number of trees per hectare, mean diameter, and dominant height were assessed by the statistical criteria of coefficient of determination (R²), standard error of the estimate in percentage (Syx%), and graphical analysis of residuals. The developed DMD allows for a better control of stocks in the management of stands due to the strong relationship of dominant height with stand development site and forest yield.Keywords: Growth, Site index, Forest regulation, Yield.
Opera as Liberal Education
Authors: Cuypers Stefaan E.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, I forge a strong educational bond between opera and the humanities: opera as liberal education, not just additional to or exemplary of. After rehearsing the well-known present-day criticisms of liberal education, I first make the diagnosis that the trouble with liberal education as teaching and learning the humanities is not so much its theoretical justification as its practical implementation. To neutralize the criticisms and to solve the problem of how to practically realize a theoretically defensible goal, my proposal is, next, to exploit opera as the vehicle of liberal education. Finally, I detail my proposal, offering suggestions about the way opera as liberal education can function on the curriculum.
Dances and Affordances: The Relationship between Dance Training and Conceptual Problem-Solving
Authors: Kronsted Christian , Gallagher Shaun
Published: January 2021

It is often argued by educators and researchers that access to the arts leads to increased academic performance. However, it is not clear why such access does so. We here use autopoietic enactive embodied cognition and ecological psychology to explain the relationship between dance training and conceptual problem-solving. We investigate four features of dance training that are beneficial for conceptual problem-solving and critical thinking: empathy, affordance exploration, attention change, and habit breaking. In each case, we will see that the embodied sensorimotor skills developed through dance practice are a form of affordance exploration that can carry over into the realm of conceptual problem-solving. Hence, since some of the skills needed in conceptual problem-solving are the same ones developed and trained through dancing, when we train dance, we also train some of the relevant skills for conceptual problem-solving and critical thinking.