bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison Between Elite and Subelite Swimmers on Dry Land and Tumble Turn Leg Extensor Force-Time Characteristics
Authors: Jones Julian V. , Pyne David B. , Haff G. Greg , Newton Robert U.
Published: June 2017

Jones, JV, Pyne, DB, Haff, GG, and Newton, RU. Comparison between elite and subelite swimmers on dry land and tumble turn leg extensor force-time characteristics. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1762–1769, 2018—Elite swimmers demonstrate faster swimming turn times that are potentially a result of having better strength-power characteristics than subelite swimmers. We quantified differences between dry-land and swimming turn force-time characteristics in elite swimmers and subelite swimmers. Subelite (11 males: 17.4 ± 0.6 years; 10 females: 17.1 ± 0.6 years) and elite swimmers (15 male: 23.2 ± 2.3 years; 7 female: 21.6 ± 2.5 years) were tested in a cross-sectional design. All swimmers performed a body weight and loaded (20 kg females, 30 kg males) squat jump (SJ) on a portable force platform. On the same day, all swimmers completed swimming turn analyses using a force platform fixed within the pool wall. The magnitude of difference between groups was estimated using a standardized mean difference (effect size statistic). Elite male and female swimmers had superior swimming turn and dry-land force-time characteristics to subelite swimmers in all tests. The standardized mean differences between groups ranged from small to very large. The largest differences were SJ peak velocity unloaded (3.07 ± 1.0 m·s−1 males, 3.49 ± 2.29 m·s−1 females; standardized mean difference ± 90% confidence limits) and SJ peak power unloaded (2.59 ± 0.79 w male, 2.80 ± 1.64 w female) with elite male and female swimmers having a ∼25–50% higher performance than the subelites in both characteristics. Elite swimmers exhibit superior strength and power characteristics for the swimming turn compared with younger and less experienced swimmers. A well-planned and executed strength and conditioning program is needed for emerging swimmers to develop these qualities, as they transition to senior levels.
Effect of Cadence on Time Trial Performance in Recreational Female Cyclists
Authors: Graham Patricia L. , Zoeller Robert F. , Jacobs Patrick L. , Whitehurst Michael A.
Published: June 2017

Graham, PL, Zoeller, RF, Jacobs, PL, and Whitehurst, MA. Effect of cadence on time trial performance in recreational female cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1739–1744, 2018—The impact of pedaling cadence on cycling performance remains unresolved especially in female cyclists. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cadence on time trial (TT) performance in recreational female cyclists. Ten recreational female cyclists volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects performed 3 exercise sessions: 1 to assess peak oxygen uptake (V̇o
2peak) and 2 TTs. Cadence was randomly ordered and fixed for each TT (60 or 100 rpm), whereas power output (PO) was freely adjusted by the participant, as tolerated. Time trial time, heart rate (HR), blood lactate, PO, V̇o
2, and ratings of perceived exertion were measured throughout the TTs. The major finding of this study was the significantly faster (p = 0.001) TT time during the 60-rpm condition (34:23 ± 4:21) vs. the 100-rpm condition (37:34 ± 5:53). Also the 60-rpm TT resulted in significant differences for HR (155.9 ± 3.97 vs. 161.2 ± 5.20 b·min−1, p = 0.04), gross efficiency, (21.1 ± 0.37 vs. 17.7 ± 0.85%, p < 0.001), and PO (147 ± 7.06 vs. 129 ± 10.62 W, p = 0.003). Thus, a slower cycling cadence was associated with greater mechanical efficiency and PO, resulting in significantly better performance in a TT. These results suggest that recreational female cyclists may benefit from adopting a low cadence during an 8-km TT.
Determinant Factors of Physical Performance and Specific Throwing in Handball Players of Different Ages
Authors: Ortega-Becerra Manuel , Pareja-Blanco Fernando , Jiménez-Reyes Pedro , Cuadrado-Peñafiel Víctor , González-Badillo Juan J.
Published: June 2017

Ortega-Becerra, M, Pareja-Blanco, F, Jiménez-Reyes, P, Cuadrado-Peñafiel, V, and González-Badillo, JJ. Determinant factors of physical performance and specific throwing in handball players of different ages. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1778–1786, 2018—This study aimed to analyze various fitness qualities in handball players of different ages and to determine the relationships between these parameters and throwing velocity. A total of 44 handball players participated, pooled by age groups: professional (ELITE, n = 13); under-18 (U18, n = 16); under-16 (U16, n = 15). The following tests were completed: 20-m running sprints; countermovement jumps (CMJs); jump squat to determine the load that elicited ∼20 cm jump height (JSLOAD-20 cm); a progressive loading test in full squat and bench press to determine the load that elicited ∼1 m·s−1 (SQ-V1-LOAD and BP-V1-LOAD); and handball throwing (jump throw and 3-step throw). ELITE showed greater performance in almost all sprint distances, CMJ, JSLOAD-20 cm, and bench press strength than U18 and U16. The differences between U18 and U16 were unclear for these variables. ELITE also showed greater (p < 0.001) performance for squat strength and throwing than U18 and U16, and U18 attained greater performance (p ≤ 0.05) for these variables than U16. Throwing performance correlated (p ≤ 0.05) with sprint times (r = −0.31; −0.51) and jump ability (CMJ: r = 0.39; 0.56 and JSLOAD-20 cm: r = 0.57; 0.60). Muscle strength was also associated (p < 0.001) with both types of throw (SQ-V1-LOAD: r = 0.66; 0.76; and BP-V1-LOAD: r = 0.33; 0.70). These results indicate that handball throwing velocity is strongly associated with lower-limb strength, although upper-limb strength, jumping and sprint capacities also play a relevant role in throwing performance, suggesting the need for coaches to include proper strength programs to improve handball players' throwing velocity.
The Influence of Emotional State on Learning From Reward and Punishment in Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Dixon-Gordon Katherine L. , Tull Matthew T. , Hackel Leor M. , Gratz Kim L.
Published: June 2017

Despite preliminary evidence that individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) demonstrate deficits in learning from corrective feedback, no studies have examined the influence of emotional state on these learning deficits in BPD. This laboratory study examined the influence of negative emotions on learning among participants with BPD (n = 17), compared with clinical (past-year mood/anxiety disorder; n = 20) and healthy (n = 23) controls. Participants completed a reinforcement learning task before and after a negative emotion induction. The learning task involved presenting pairs of stimuli with probabilistic feedback in the training phase, and subsequently assessing accuracy for choosing previously rewarded stimuli or avoiding previously punished stimuli. ANOVAs and ANCOVAs revealed no significant between-group differences in overall learning accuracy. However, there was an effect of group in the ANCOVA for postemotion induction high-conflict punishment learning accuracy, with the BPD group showing greater decrements in learning accuracy than controls following the negative emotion induction.
Signs of embryo-maternal communication: miRNAs in the maternal serum of pregnant pigs
Authors: Reliszko Z P , Gajewski Z , Kaczmarek M M
Published: June 2017

Circulating miRNAs were proposed to be indicators of normal or complicated pregnancies. Based on this knowledge and our recent transcriptomic approach showing expression of miRNAs in the porcine endometrium, conceptuses and uterine extracellular vesicles during pregnancy, we have hypothesized that signs of ongoing local embryo-maternal crosstalk involving miRNAs can be detected in the circulation of pregnant gilts as early as a few days after maternal recognition of pregnancy. By applying several molecular biology techniques that differ in dynamic range and precision in maternal serum of Day 16 pregnant pigs, we were able to show for the first time increased levels of several miRNAs, previously reported to be expressed in either conceptuses and extracellular vesicles (miR-26a and miR-125b) or pregnant endometrium (miR-23b). Our results clearly showed that real-time RT-PCR and digital PCR are the most reliable methods, being able to detect small-fold changes of low-abundant circulating miRNAs. Further validation in a separate group of gilts confirmed an increase in miR-23b and miR-125b levels. In silico analyses identified pregnancy-related biological processes and pathways affected by these miRNAs. Target prediction analysis revealed hundreds of porcine transcripts with conserved sites for these miRNAs, which were classified into signaling pathways relevant to pregnancy. We conclude that a unique set of miRNAs can already be observed in the circulation of pigs during the first weeks of pregnancy, as a result of the initiation of embryo-maternal communication.
Bicentenario de la Independencia de Colombia. Causas de la Independencia Hispanoamricana y de Colombia
Authors: Pardo Villalba Yecyd
Published: June 2017

Según la historia oficial de lo que hoy conocemos como República de
Colombia, el 20 de julio de 1810 fue una fecha gloriosa, motivo de orgullo y
celebración porque marca una línea en el tiempo que transcribió el destino de esta
patria, como lo es, la independencia de la corona española y la soberanía como un
país independiente y libre; sin embargo queda en el ambiente académico algunos
puntos por resolver, como lo son las causas reales que llevaron a la sublevación
criolla contra los encomenderos de la corona española en el Virreinato de la
Nueva Granada.
La Nueva Lex Mercatoria y el Contrato de Seguro en la Jurisprudencia Arbitral
Authors: Mateus Bernal Juan
Published: June 2017

La Nueva Lex Mercatoria trasciende de los mercados internacionales a las relaciones comerciales locales. La costumbre, los usos, principios y contratos-tipo conforman sus elementos presentes en relaciones contractuales nacionales. El contrato de seguro, como expresión de la nueva Lex Mercatoria, se caracteriza por ser de formación no consensuada (de Contrato Tipo a Contrato de Adhesión). Dicha formación puede tender, en ocasiones, al establecimiento de cláusulas abusivas. Dichas cláusulas pueden llegar a ser revisadas por la jurisdicción arbitral colombiana –y también son expresión de la nueva Lex Mercatoria–, la cual determinará su vigencia o no, en miras de garantizar un reequilibrio contractual. Esta jurisdicción arbitral nacional, mediante su jurisprudencia, reconoce la existencia y afectación de los elementos de la Nueva Lex Mercatoria en el contrato de seguro, ya sea mediante la nulidad de cláusulas ó haciendo especial referencia a la formación de aquel mediante formatos importados, cláusulas abusivas ó imposiciones por parte de los actores internacionales de la Nueva Lex Mercatoria
Libertad vs. Populismo punitivo: ¿deben respetarse los derechos humanos en el proceso penal? A propósito de la nueva declaratoria de estado de cosas inconstitucionales para el sistema penitenciario y carcelario colombiano
Authors: Romero Rodríguez Gloria Inés
Published: June 2017

Esta investigación muestra cómo la necesidad de disminuir los índices delincuenciales
en el país ha venido justificando de manera soterrada la “relativización de los
derechos humanos”. Para esto, se parte de la hipótesis de que el hacinamiento carcelario
obedece a la adopción de medidas penales que buscan impresionar a la sociedad,
pero que carecen de sustento científico, por lo cual su aplicación ha venido
perdiendo efectividad como factor de control social. Con base en esto, se demuestra
la importancia de diseñar políticas públicas integrales que disminuyan los niveles de
criminalidad y la urgencia de realizar programas que aseguren el respeto de los Derechos
Humanos de la población carcelaria.
Estándares interamericanos sobre la libertad de expresión respecto de funcionarios y candidatos a ocupar cargos públicos
Authors: Pérez Bohórquez Ana Carolina , Cardona Betancourt Ana María , Martínez Torifa Valentina
Published: June 2017

Los órganos del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos (SIDH), a través de
los instrumentos mediante los cuales actúa, se han encargado de darle contenido a
cada uno de los derechos reconocidos en la Convención Americana.
El derecho a la libertad de expresión no ha sido ajeno al desarrollo doctrinal y jurisprudencial
del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos; frente a este derecho
se han desarrollado unos estándares interamericanos en relación con la libertad de expresión respecto de funcionarios y candidatos a ejercer cargos públicos relacionados
a su vez con otros Derechos Humanos como la honra y la intimidad.
Por lo anterior, el presente artículo se propone exponer los estándares interamericanos
respecto de funcionarios y personas interesadas en ejercer cargos públicos a la
luz del sui generis umbral de protección que dichas personas ostentan en razón de su
condición de personalidades públicas.
Derecho disciplinario militar y derechos humanos en Colombia 2004-2014
Authors: Montero Perdomo Diana Yulieth
Published: June 2017

En Colombia el derecho disciplinario militar (DDM) cumple una función importante
en la promoción y protección de los Derechos Humanos, por lo cual es pertinente
verificar los antecedentes históricos, la situación actual del DDM y cómo este
coadyuva a la mejora continua de los DD. HH. en las fuerzas militares, en especial,
en el fortalecimiento de tales derechos al interior del Ejército Nacional.
The Mouse Lemur, a Genetic Model Organism for Primate Biology, Behavior, and Health
Authors: Ezran Camille , Karanewsky Caitlin J , Pendleton Jozeph L , Sholtz Alex , Biermann Maya R , Willick Jason , Razafindrakoto Andriamahery , Zohdy Sarah , Albertelli Megan A , Krasnow Mark A
Published: June 2017

Systematic genetic studies of a handful of diverse organisms over the past 50 years have transformed our understanding of biology. However, many aspects of primate biology, behavior, and disease are absent or poorly modeled in any of the current genetic model organisms including mice. We surveyed the animal kingdom to find other animals with advantages similar to mice that might better exemplify primate biology, and identified mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) as the outstanding candidate. Mouse lemurs are prosimian primates, roughly half the genetic distance between mice and humans. They are the smallest, fastest developing, and among the most prolific and abundant primates in the world, distributed throughout the island of Madagascar, many in separate breeding populations due to habitat destruction. Their physiology, behavior, and phylogeny have been studied for decades in laboratory colonies in Europe and in field studies in Malagasy rainforests, and a high quality reference genome sequence has recently been completed. To initiate a classical genetic approach, we developed a deep phenotyping protocol and have screened hundreds of laboratory and wild mouse lemurs for interesting phenotypes and begun mapping the underlying mutations, in collaboration with leading mouse lemur biologists. We also seek to establish a mouse lemur gene “knockout” library by sequencing the genomes of thousands of mouse lemurs to identify null alleles in most genes from the large pool of natural genetic variants. As part of this effort, we have begun a citizen science project in which students across Madagascar explore the remarkable biology around their schools, including longitudinal studies of the local mouse lemurs. We hope this work spawns a new model organism and cultivates a deep genetic understanding of primate biology and health. We also hope it establishes a new and ethical method of genetics that bridges biological, behavioral, medical, and conservation disciplines, while providing an example of how hands-on science education can help transform developing countries.
Alveolar Ridge Preservation Using Allografts and Dense Polytetrafluoroethylene Membranes With Open Membrane Technique in Unhealthy Extraction Socket
Authors: Cheon Gi-Beom , Kang Kyung Lhi , Yoo Mi-Kyung , Yu Jeoung-A , Lee Dong-Woon
Published: June 2017

We evaluated the effectiveness of the open membrane technique using a high-density polytetrafluoroethylene (dPTFE) membrane with freeze-dried bone allografts in damaged sockets for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP). This retrospective study included 26 sites from 20 patients who had received ARP for the placement of dental implants. ARP was conducted using dPTFE membrane with allografts on the day of extraction without primary closure. When the membrane was removed after 4 weeks, the newly formed reddish tissue at the grafted site was checked (first outcome, clinical evaluation). Four months after membrane removal, a core biopsy was performed from the center of the grafted site before implant placement (second outcome, histomorphometric evaluation). Radiographic measurements of alveolar bone changes between implant prosthesis delivery and the 1-year follow-up were obtained (third outcome, radiographic evaluation). A total of 23 sites from 18 patients had no complications during the follow-up period. Three sites from two patients were excluded because of early membrane removal. Newly formed reddish tissue was found at 15 sites, and partially formed tissue was found at 8 sites. Although we were unable to harvest bone core from all sites, histomorphometric analysis in 11 patients indicated that the mean area of new bone was 28.48% ± 6.60%, that of the remaining graft particle was 27.68% ± 9.18%, and that of fibrous tissue was 43.84% ± 6.98%. The mean loss of marginal bone was 0.13 ± 0.06 mm at the mesial area and 0.15 ± 0.06 mm at the distal area, as assessed using radiographic evaluations. The results of this nonrandomized study suggest that this technique may be an appropriate procedure for ARP. Further studies with a control group and more subjectives can be designed based on this study.
Effect of Curcumin on Oxidative Stress in a Model of Turpentine Induced Acute Experimental Inflammation
Authors: CONEAC Andrei , ORASAN Meda Sandra , LEUCUTA Daniel Corneliu , DECEA Nicoleta , FILIP Miuta , MIHU Carmen Mihaela , MURESAN Adriana , ORASAN Remus Ioan , MOLDOVAN Marioara
Published: June 2017

Curcumin, a natural phenolic compound is an anti-tumor agent with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. The aim of this research was to evaluate oxidative stress levels, the antioxidant activity and Curcumin concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in an acute experimental inflammation induced by Turpentine oil (intramuscular 0.6 mg kg-1 body weight) and to compare a prophylactic versus a therapeutic regimen of Curcumin (oral suspension of 150 mg Curcumin kg-1 rat weight). Sixteen adult male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: Control, Group I (Curcumin only), Group II (Curcumin administration, then induced inflammation after 1 hour) and Group III (induced inflammation then Curcumin administration after 2 hours). Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring serum malondialdehide and carbonylated proteins, while systemic and local total antioxidant capacity was determined by ABTS. Local tissue changes (muscle, kidney, liver) were analysed using histopathology. Results showed that acute inflammation significantly increased lipid peroxidation in Groups II and III compared to Control and Group I. A significantly reduced total antioxidant capacity (ATBS) was present in serum and kidney in Group II, also in muscle and kidney in Group III. ABTS levels were significantly increased only in the liver tissue of the animals in Groups II and III with induced inflammation as compared to Group I. This study proved the potential of Curcumin in reducing oxidative stress in both prophylactic and therapeutic regimens.
Effect of Pre-fermentation Maceration on the Content of Antioxidant Compounds in Grapevine Juice
Authors: BARON Mojmir , KUMSTA Michal , PRUSOVA Bozena , TOMASKOVA Lenka , SOCHOR Jiri
Published: June 2017

Lower antioxidant capacity of white wines is caused by a lower content of phenolic compounds. In red wine, a higher content of phenolic compounds is the result of maceration. This study deals with effects of pre-fermentation maceration on contents of some selected compounds (above all antioxidants) in juices made of grapes of white varieties 'Welschriesling', 'Green Veltliner' and 'Neuburger'. The grapevine mush was macerated for 0; 2; 4; 8; 12; 24 and 48 hours. The spectrophotometry methods was used to estimate juice antioxidant activity and content of flavanols, anthocyans, catechins, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols. Contents of total titratable acids and pH were estimated as well. Results of this study show increasing tendency of all parameters with length of maceration. The highest content of antioxidants were found out in the variety 'Welschriesling'. Important are increasing values of hydroxycinnamic acids. However, the main role of the phenolics acids is to contribute to the anti-oxidant capacity, the tartaric esters of hydroxycinnamic acids (particularly caftaric acid) are centrally involved in oxidation and browning reactions in white wine. Their levels increased during the whole period of maceration. In 'Welschriesling', their content increased by 74 mg·L-1. Decreasing tendency show results of titratable acids. Their contents decreased within the first 12 hours of maceration and thereafter they do not change. Longer must maceration could contribute to a decrease in contents of total titratable acids and, thus, to a better harmony of produced wine.
Short-Time of Rehydration is not Effective to Re-Establish Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Gas Exchange in Two Cowpea Cultivars Submitted to Water Deficit
Authors: BARROS JUNIOR Udson de Oliveira , BARBOSA Maria Antonia Machado , LIMA Michael Douglas Roque , VIANA Gélia Dinah Monteiro , LOBATO Allan Klynger da Silva
Published: June 2017

Low water supply frequently interferes on chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange. This study aimed to answer if a short-time of rehydration is efficient to re-establish chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange in cowpea plants. The experiment used four treatments (sensitive / water deficit, sensitive / control, tolerant / water deficit and tolerant / control). The sensitive and tolerant cultivars after water restriction had significant changes in gas exchange. On the third day, the stress caused lower for PN and gs in sensitive cultivar of 67% and 45%, respectively. After rehydration these parameters were not recovered significantly to two cultivars. In relation to chlorophyll fluorescence, water stress caused significant changes in all parameters evaluated of cultivars, being observed effects more intense on sensitive cultivar in the parameters Fv/Fm (38%) and Fo (69%). Rehydration did not promote recovery of the values of Fv/Fm and Fo to sensitive cultivar. Therefore, our study revealed that a short-time of rehydration is not effective to re-establish chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange in cowpea plants submitted to water deficit.
Cytostatic Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Amsonia orientalis Decne. on MCF-7 and DU145 Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: ACEMİ Arda , DURUKSU Gokhan , ÖZEN Fazıl
Published: June 2017

Amsonia orientalis is an ornamental plant with anti-cancer properties. To characterize the anti-cancer potential of the species, methanolic extracts were prepared from leaf and stem tissues of field-grown individuals. Also, a mixture of stems, leaves and roots of in vitro grown plantlets (SLR) were extracted with methanol and used. Effects of these extracts on the cancer cell lines MCF-7 (breast) and DU145 (prostate) were investigated. After incubation for 48 h, the leaf extract gave the lowest IC50 values (197.8 µM for MCF-7 and 300.9 µM for DU145). The SLR extract also gave the similar results, but with higher IC50 values. The stem extract had the weakest effect on cancer-cell-specific cytotoxicity. The extracts did not have a significant effect on DU145, compared to fibroblasts. The leaf extract increased the number of active-Caspase-3 positive cells in MCF-7 culture slightly, but the main effect of all extracts was on the cell proliferation rather than apoptosis. Real-time cellular analysis of MCF-7 demonstrated a 1.8-fold increase of doubling time for the leaf extract. The expression of proliferation-related gene MCM2 was found to be decreased in MCF-7 cells treated with the leaf extract, while its expression increased in fibroblasts after the same treatment. In conclusion, the extracts affected the MCF-7 cells at moderate concentrations. This study suggests that the leaf methanolic extracts might be a good source of compounds with cytostatical properties.
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity by DNA Barcoding of Local Tomato Populations from North-Western Romania
Authors: CĂPRAR Marin , COPACI Cristina M. , CHENDE Diana M. , SICORA Oana , ȘUMĂLAN Radu , SICORA Cosmin
Published: June 2017

Tomato is one of the most important crops worldwide. DNA barcoding is a molecular based method that has been successfully used for species identification, but a few studies have used this method for cultivated varieties identification. The aim of this study was to test the utility of DNA barcoding for the identification of five local salt tolerant tomato varieties and two commercial varieties. To assess the genetic diversity of tomato varieties, the non-coding plastid trnH-psbA intergenic spacer and three plastid regions (rbcL, rpoC1, rpoB) were used. Based on the sequence variation of the trnH-psbA barcode, three haplotypes were detected among the seven tomato varieties. A neighbor-joining tree was generated and separated the local tomato varieties from the commercial varieties into two distinct clusters. We found very low levels of variation in the chosen plastial markers, but additional markers could be tested in order to assess the utility of DNA barcodes in tomato varieties identification.
Physiological, Morphological Changes and Storage Root Yield of Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] under PEG-Induced Water Stress
Authors: YOOYONGWECH Suravoot , SAMPHUMPHUNG Thapanee , TISARAM Rujira , THEERAWITAYA Cattarin , CHA-UM Suriyan
Published: June 2017

Sweetpotato is an important tuberous root crop rich in nutrients such as vitamins and carbohydrates, and can grow well in arid regions with less water consuming crop. The aim of this research was to evaluate the storage root yields, physiological, biochemical and morphological traits in sweetpotato cv. ‘Japanese Yellow’ subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water deficit. At harvest (4 months after planting) the number of storage roots per plant and storage root fresh weight in sweetpotato treated with 5% PEG (-0.54 MPa) in nutrient solution of hydroponic culture declined by 20.0% and 47.4% compared to the control without PEG, respectively. Leaf area and leaf dry weight significantly decreased by 85.6% and 95.3%, respectively when exposed to water deficit stress. Sucrose content (114.7 mg g-1 dry weight; DW) in storage roots of sweetpotato grown under PEG-induced water deficit conditions was enriched by 2.2 fold of control (52.5 mg g-1 DW) and was greater than in storage roots derived from soil culture (70.3 mg g-1 DW). Total soluble sugar in the root and storage root tissues was enriched and may play a key role as osmotic adjustment (OA) in PEG-induced water stressed plants. Free proline and sucrose contents were also dominated in the leaf tissues to maintain the leaf osmotic potential in water stressed plants. In addition, chlorophyll degradation, chlorophyll fluorescence diminution and stomatal closure were found in plants grown under PEG-induced water deficit conditions, leading to reduction in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and subsequently lesser amounts of glucose and fructose contents in the leaf tissues. Sucrose and free proline in the roots of sweetpotato play a key role as major osmotic adjustment when subjected to PEG-induced water deficit condition. Basic knowledge gained from this research will further be investigated the drought defense mechanism in sweetpotato via osmoregulation system.
The Allelopathic Potential of Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop. into the Fodder Meadow Plants
Authors: BARABASZ-KRASNY Beata , MOŻDŻEŃ Katarzyna , SOŁTYS-LELEK Anna , STACHURSKA-SWAKOŃ Alina
Published: June 2017

Due to easy vegetative and generative reproduction, the most part of the Cirsium species are considered as common weeds in different kinds of crops, on meadows and pastures. They owe their success in acquiring new area, both morphological and physiological characteristics, such as the production of allelopathic substances. An example the species within of the Cirsium genus, which may have the allelopathic properties, is cabbage thistle C. oleraceum (L.) Scop. It is a common meadow perennial plant, which in disturbed habitats quickly becomes expansive species, eliminating the other components of the flora. Such phenomenon is well-documented on the meadows of the Ojców National Park (Southern Poland). Therefore, it was investigated the effect of aqueous extracts of dried leaves C. oleraceum on seed germination, seedlings growth, the fresh and dry weight and the water content of the seedlings in three meadow species: Trifolium pratense L., Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Dactylis glomerata L. The results showed that C. oleraceum exhibits the allelopathic potential, which may have limited effect on the studied parameters of fodder species, but only when using high concentrations of extracts prepared from the leaves (15% and 20%). D. glomerata was the most sensitive on the C. oleraceum allelopathic substances.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Plant Diversity, Density and Productivity of Spring Ephemeral Community in Desert Ecosystem
Authors: SHI Zhaoyong , WANG Yongming , XU Shouxia , LAN Zhijian , MICKAN Bede S. , ZHANG Xiaolong , WANG Fayuan
Published: June 2017

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form intimate associations with the roots of about 85% of all terrestrial plants, and can greatly increase a plant’s uptake of soil nutrients and have been shown to influence plant diversity in several ecosystems. A lot of studies have reported the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizas on plant density, species diversity, richness and productivity in desert herbland in Gurbantonggut desert, China. Here, we conduct a mycorrhizal functional study by suppressing AM fungi by applying the fungicide benomyl as a soil drench in soil cores and field in-situ experiment. The mycorrhiza-responsiveness of the dominant species Erodium oxyrrhynchum is assessed in intact soil cores containing the indigenous AM fungi. The soil-cores experiment displayed E. oxyrrhynchum to have a significant positive shoot and root growth response, and this is in response to the abundance of the indigenous AM fungal colonisation. The field experiment indicates the total aboveground dry biomass is negatively influenced by the suppression of AM fungi, though, no significant effect produced in the dominant and common plant species. The fungal suppression also affected density, species diversity and richness. The density of non-mycorrhizal plant Alyssum linifolium increases significantly in the treatment of suppressed AM fungi. The spore density decreases significantly in benomyl-treated plots. Our results showed that AM fungi were very important in desert ecosystem for the maintaining of plant biodiversity, richness and productivity.
Mental health care in the territory: conceptions of primary health care professionals
Authors: Oliveira Elisangela Costa de , Medeiros Ana Tereza de , Trajano Flávia Maiele Pedroza , Chaves Neto Gabriel , Almeida Sandra Aparecida de , Almeida Luana Rodrigues de
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the conceptions that guide the practices of professionals in relation to care provided in mental health. This qualitative study enrolled professionals from a government health clinic in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Data collection was conducted through a semi-structured interview during which the testimonies were recorded and subsequently transcribed in full. Analysis of the speech used Fiorin's Critical Theory, which allowed the elaboration of two subcategories: "Knowledge that guides practices in mental health" and "The invisibility of the integrating character of the Family Health Strategy from the Network of Psychosocial Care perspective". The focus of nursing care and health must not be bound only to the sickness, but caring practices should be transformed to promote comprehensive care and the resocialization of the person with psychic suffering.
Bevacizumab for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Global Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Goldstein Daniel A. , Chen Qiushi , Ayer Turgay , Chan Kelvin K. W. , Virik Kiran , Hammerman Ariel , Brenner Baruch , Flowers Christopher R. , Hall Peter S.
Published: June 2017

Background

In the U.S., the addition of bevacizumab to first-line chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has been demonstrated to provide 0.10 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) at an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $571,000/QALY. Due to variability in pricing, value for money may be different in other countries. Our objective was to establish the cost-effectiveness of bevacizumab in mCRC in the U.S., U.K., Canada, Australia, and Israel.

Methods

We performed the analysis using a previously established Markov model for mCRC. Input data for efficacy, adverse events, and quality of life were considered to be generalizable and therefore identical for all countries. We used country-specific prices for medications, administration, and other health service costs. All costs were converted from local currency to U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in March 2016. We conducted one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) to assess the model robustness across parameter uncertainties.

Results

Base case results demonstrated that the highest ICER was in the U.S. ($571,000/QALY) and the lowest was in Australia ($277,000/QALY). In Canada, the U.K., and Israel, ICERs ranged between $351,000 and $358,000 per QALY. PSA demonstrated 0% likelihood of bevacizumab being cost-effective in any country at a willingness to pay threshold of $150,000 per QALY.

Conclusion

The addition of bevacizumab to first-line chemotherapy for mCRC consistently fails to be cost-effective in all five countries. There are large differences in cost-effectiveness between countries. This study provides a framework for analyzing the value of a cancer drug from the perspectives of multiple international payers.
Debris flow impacts on masonry arch bridges
Authors: Proske Dirk , Krawtschuk Alexander , Zeman Oliver , Scheidl Christian , Chiari Michael
Published: June 2017

Debris flows are a mountain hazard and present a risk to bridges in mountainous areas. Designers of modern bridges are able to consider loads related to debris flows but the designs for historical arch bridges lack this possibility. Although historical arch bridges still form a substantial amount of the total number of bridges in mountainous areas, most research investigations for this bridge type have considered vertical loadings; a few studies consider horizontal longitudinal loads but there are no reported investigations into horizontal transversal loads, which is the debris load direction. The research reported in this paper investigated, firstly, the impact force of debris flows against solid structures in terms of miniaturised laboratory tests. A variety of debris parameters was systematically investigated and an impact–force relationship was developed. Secondly, different horizontal transversal impacts on a slightly miniaturised arch were carried out in the laboratory. The behaviour of the arch under this loading was examined using different measurement techniques. Finally, both test results were combined in order to describe the behaviour of arch bridges under such debris flow impacts. Recommendations for engineers are given.
Assessment of horizontal seismic coefficient for gravity quay walls by centrifuge tests
Authors: Lee M.-G. , Ha J.-G. , Jo S.-B. , Park H.-J. , Kim D.-S.
Published: June 2017

In the simplified analysis of seismic design of gravity quay walls based on the pseudo-static approach, selection of an appropriate horizontal seismic coefficient (kh) is important for computing the equivalent pseudo-static inertial force. However, there is no unified standard for defining kh. There are conflicts among the existing kh definitions regarding whether it considers (a) the effect of wall height on maximum horizontal acceleration (MHA) used in the determination of kh or (b) the application of correction factor for kh according to seismic performance grade. This paper evaluates the relevance of these conflicts by initially reviewing the kh definitions in the existing codes and guidelines for port structures and then by performing a series of dynamic centrifuge tests on caisson gravity quay walls of different wall heights (5, 10 and 15 m). A review of the existing codes and guidelines has shown that the correction factor for kh should be specified according to the seismic performance grade for the economical design of quay walls. On the other hand, based on the centrifuge tests, it was found that the MHA used in kh calculation and the correction factor for considering seismic performance grade should reflect the effect of wall height.
Association of Sex with Risk of Kidney Graft Failure Differs by Age
Authors: Lepeytre Fanny , Dahhou Mourad , Zhang Xun , Boucquemont Julie , Sapir-Pichhadze Ruth , Cardinal Heloise , Foster Bethany J.
Published: June 2017

Prior studies of sex differences in kidney graft survival showed conflicting results. We hypothesized that the association between recipient sex and kidney graft failure risk differs by recipient age and donor sex. We evaluated 159,417 patients recorded in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database who received a first deceased-donor kidney transplant (1995–2013). We used time-varying Cox models to estimate the association between recipient sex and death-censored graft failure. Models, stratified on donor sex and adjusted for potential confounders, included a recipient sex by current age interaction term. Among recipients of male donors, females of all ages had significantly higher graft failure risks than males (adjusted hazard ratios 0–14 years: 1.51 [95% confidence intervals 1.19 to 1.90]; 15–24 years: 1.37 [1.18 to 1.59]; 25–44 years: 1.14 [1.03 to 1.26]; 45 years: 1.05 [1.01 to 1.09]). Among recipients of female-donor grafts, only female recipients aged 15–24 years had a significantly higher graft failure risk than their male counterparts had (1.28 [1.06 to 1.53]). Indeed, female recipients aged ≥45 years had a significantly lower graft failure risk than their male counterparts had (0.95 [0.91 to 0.99]). These observations might be explained by the combined influence of several factors, including recognition of sex-determined minor histocompatibility antigens, influence of sex hormones on immune activation, sex- and age-related differences in medication adherence, and sex-related differences in body size. Additional studies should determine whether sex- and age-specific immunosuppression strategies are warranted for kidney graft recipients.
Remission of Hematuria Improves Renal Survival in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Sevillano Angel M. , Gutiérrez Eduardo , Yuste Claudia , Cavero Teresa , Mérida Evangelina , Rodríguez Paola , García Ana , Morales Enrique , Fernández Cristina , Martínez Miguel Angel , Moreno Juan Antonio , Praga Manuel
Published: June 2017

Hematuria is a cardinal symptom in IgA nephropathy, but its influence on the risk of disease progression has been scarcely investigated. We followed a cohort of 112 patients with IgA nephropathy for a mean±SEM period of 14±10.2 years, during which clinical and analytic risk factors (including urine sediment examination) were regularly recorded. According to the magnitude of time-averaged hematuria, we classified patients as those with persistent hematuria and those with negative or minimal hematuria. We also classified patients according to the magnitude of time-averaged proteinuria (>0.75 or ≤0.75 g/d). The proportion of patients reaching ESRD or a 50% reduction of renal function was significantly greater among patients with persistent hematuria than patients with minimal or negative hematuria (30.4% and 37.0% versus 10.6% and 15.2%, respectively; P=0.01). Multivariable analysis revealed time-averaged hematuria, time-averaged proteinuria, renal function at baseline, and the presence of tubulointerstitial fibrosis on renal biopsy as independent predictors of ESRD. After hematuria disappearance, which occurred in 46% of the patients, the rate of renal function decline changed from −6.45±14.66 to −0.18±2.56 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year (P=0.001). Patients with time-averaged proteinuria >0.75 g/d had significantly poorer renal survival than those with time-averaged proteinuria ≤0.75 g/d. However, on further classification by time-averaged hematuria, only those patients with time-averaged proteinuria >0.75 g/d and persistent hematuria had significantly worse renal survival than those in the other three groups. In conclusion, remission of hematuria may have a significant favorable effect on IgA nephropathy outcomes.
As janelas de David Perlov: autobiografia, luto e política
Authors: Feldman Ilana
Published: June 2017

Diante da problematização do campo das escritas de si e de seu cruzamento com cinema, testemunho, memória, crítica do sujeito e da dimensão confessional-testemunhal da cultura, o artigo tem como horizonte a investigação de modos políticos de enunciação e subjetivação, efetivados por meio dos diários cinematográficos de David Perlov, cineasta brasileiro-israelense. Nesses diários, realizados entre os anos 1970 e 2000, a errância, o trauma, o exílio e o luto são figuras de uma enunciação subjetiva e de uma narrativa em trânsito constante, para as quais o deslocamento, não sendo apenas geográfico, faz a passagem da identidade à alteridade, do singular ao coletivo, do trauma ao luto, do privado ao político.
Anarchitextures: Intermedial Encounters On The Screen
Authors: Mikou Ariadne
Published: June 2017

In this article I draw on architectural and choreographic ways of thinking to discuss how filmed material is transformed through projection and active and mobile spectatorship. Shifting my attention from what is projected to where it is projected, I expand the discourse beyond the single flat cinematic screen. I do this by concentrating on how the projected surface (its placement in space and its assembly with multiple screens) creates social encounters. This study accepts Rosenberg's definition of the screen as "a receptor of an otherwise ephemeral image and which reifies that image in the process of receiving it." Anarchitextures is a screen-based performance project through which I explored Eisensteinian montage to include a spatial and ambulatory practice. The project speaks to choreographic environments and events that use the screen as a socially engaged practice, and also poses some questions regarding the boundaries that appear to shape the screendance field.
Analysis of the microbial flora in breast abscess: a retrospective cohort study conducted in the emergency department
Authors: Ramakrishnan Ramya , Trichur Ramakrishnan V. , Murugesan Sowmya , Cattamanchi Srihari
Published: June 2017

Background: Breast abscess develops as a complication of lactational mastitis. Recently, there is an increase in the incidence of non-lactational breast abscess. The aim of the study was to analyse the microbial flora in the lactational and non-lactational breast abscess in the ED and to elucidate the susceptibility of flora to different antibiotics.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of breast abscess patients registered in the ED over two years. The case records of these patients were retrieved, and the details of their age, clinical presentation, investigation, and treatment were recorded. Specifically, the pus culture sensitivity and antibiotics used in the management of these patients were noted, and the pattern of microbiological flora analyzed.Results: A total of 124 patients were included in the study, with 97 women were categorized into lactational breast abscess, and 27 women were classified as a non-lactational breast abscess. Mean age was 24 years of age (Range 18 to 56 years). The majority of the women were young between 18 and 34 years of age (83%). The culture was grown in 92% of the patient pus specimens. Staphylococcus aureus (83%) was common organisms cultured in lactational breast abscess. Mixed Flora including Staphylococcus aureus and Group B Streptococci were grown in non-lactational breast abscess.Conclusions: Appropriate antibiotic choices are of immense importance in the management of breast abscess. Mixed flora is common in non - lactational breast abscess when compared with a lactational breast abscess. Staphylococcus Aureus is the most common isolate in both groups.
ETIKA GURU DAN MURID DALAM TARIKAT SAMMANIYAH
Authors: Sya'rani Ahmad
Published: June 2017

Sheikh Muhammad Samman who love science and adrift heart of the religious sciences, devoted himself to God directly in the path of Sufism. Because of his persistence in the world of mysticism, it leds Sheikh Muhammad Samman to various teachers and sheikhs, until he also founded a new tarikat which is a combination of various tarikat that he followed previously. The emergence of a new tarikat that is based on some tarikat is not new and can be accepted. Surely, he formed a new tarikat called Sammaniyah that have many followers until now. Of his teachings in the tarikat, there are some rules that discussed about relationship between the Murshid or sheikh with a pupil. The concept about it is similar to the relationship between the Prophet with his companions or with some of his followers. From Sirah Nabawiyah, it can be concluded how the Companions of the Messenger had spoken and vice versa as well as he, the Prophet., treats his companions. Actually, this condition applies to every tarikat anywhere.
Revisão narrativa sobre a humanização da assistência pela equipe de enfermagem na área oncológica
Authors: Lopes Miriam , Silva Ana Cláudia , Ferreira Angélica Maria , Lino Aline Aparecida Costa Faria
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: Identificar e problematizar as publicações científicas nacionais acerca da humanização da assistência pela equipe de enfermagem na área oncológica. Método: Revisão narrativa da leitura a partir de pesquisa eletrônica de artigos indexados na SciELO, BVS e Portal Capes com os descritores “humanização da assistência”, “enfermagem” e “oncologia”, publicados em português e disponíveis na íntegra, compreendidos no período de 2003 a 2013. Resultados: Os resultados apontam que a humanização junto ao cliente inicia desde sua admissão na instituição com o acolhimento. Entretanto, existem alguns desafios e dificuldades na efetividade da humanização, muitas vezes, o profissional passa a realizar seu trabalho de maneira mecanizada, o qual deixa de lado os sentimentos e as necessidades do paciente. Porém, as estratégias para o cuidado humanizado se baseiam em atitudes que favoreça a expressão e a valorização dos sentimentos dos pacientes, para que seja possível identificar prováveis áreas problemáticas, além da compreensão de suas necessidades. Conclusão: Dessa maneira, embora exista política sobre a humanização da assistência, na prática verificamos que a humanização pela equipe de enfermagem ainda se concentra em determinadas áreas em detrimento de outras, tais como: cuidados paliativos, assistência à criança oncológica, ou seja, à grupos de indivíduos considerados vulneráveis. Portanto, a enfermagem deve estar sempre trabalhando no processo de humanizar o cuidado. No entanto, para a humanização acontecer, não depende apenas da boa vontade da equipe, mas também da aceitação do paciente e seus familiares.