bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solar Flare X‐Ray Impacts on Long Subionospheric VLF Paths
Authors: Belcher Samuel R. G. , Clilverd Mark A. , Rodger Craig J. , Cook Sophie , Thomson Neil R. , Brundell James B. , Raita Tero
Published: October 2021

Solar flares increase the electron number concentration in the daytime ionosphere, potentially affecting radiowave propagation over several frequency ranges. In this study, we use ionospheric observations to determine both peak magnitudes and time variations of solar flare X‐rays without using the direct measurement from the flare. Ground‐based observations of VLF transmitter phase perturbations are compared against measured X‐ray flux levels during solar flares. Flare fluxes derived here from VLF phases on a west‐east subionospheric path are compared with those from a previously analyzed north‐south path. Using a wider selection of solar flares, including M‐class flares for the first time, the best‐fit equations and root mean square (RMS) errors are computed with improved standard deviation (SD) uncertainty estimates for the peak fluxes. Good agreement is found between peak long X‐ray wavelength fluxes (XL, 0.1–0.8 nm) derived for M‐class and X‐class flares and those measured by the GOES satellites. Linear regression analysis on the two paths shows the uncertainties increase in inverse proportion to the path length. Investigations were made with a limited set of “operational” parameters that could be used to derive XL fluxes. No increases in RMS or SD uncertainty levels were introduced by the removal of satellite‐based regression parameters such as the XL flux level measured before the flare onset. As such, these techniques support the idea of nowcasting M‐class and X‐class flares from entirely ground‐based measurements.
Concentration‐Discharge Relationships of Dissolved Rhenium in Alpine Catchments Reveal Its Use as a Tracer of Oxidative Weathering
Authors: Hilton Robert G. , Turowski Jens M. , Winnick Matthew , Dellinger Mathieu , Schleppi Patrick , Williams Kenneth H. , Lawrence Corey R. , Maher Katharine , West Martin , Hayton Amanda
Published: October 2021

Oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Rhenium (Re) has been proposed as a tracer of rock organic carbon (OCpetro) oxidation. However, the sources of Re and its mobilization by hydrological processes remain poorly constrained. Here, we examine dissolved Re as a function of water discharge, using samples collected from three alpine catchments that drain sedimentary rocks in Switzerland (Erlenbach and Vogelbach) and Colorado, USA (East River). The Swiss catchments reveal a higher dissolved Re flux in the catchment with higher erosion rates, but have similar [Re]/[Na+] and [Re]/[SO42−] ratios, which indicate a dominance of Re from OCpetro. Despite differences in rock type and hydro‐climatic setting, the three catchments have a positive correlation between river water [Re]/[Na+] and [Re]/[SO42−] and water discharge. We propose that this reflects preferential routing of Re from a near‐surface, oxidative weathering zone. The observations support the use of Re as a proxy to trace rock‐organic carbon oxidation, and suggest it may be a hydrological tracer of vadose zone processes. We apply the Re proxy and estimate CO2 release by OCpetro oxidation of 5.7 +6.6/−2.0 tC km−2 yr−1 for the Erlenbach. The overall weathering intensity was ∼40%, meaning that the corresponding export of unweathered OCpetro in river sediments is large, and the findings call for more measurements of OCpetro oxidation in mountains and rivers as they cross floodplains.
Fin56-induced ferroptosis is supported by autophagy-mediated GPX4 degradation and functions synergistically with mTOR inhibition to kill bladder cancer cells
Authors: Sun Yadong , Berleth Niklas , Wu Wenxian , Schlütermann David , Deitersen Jana , Stuhldreier Fabian , Berning Lena , Friedrich Annabelle , Akgün Seda , Mendiburo María José , Wesselborg Sebastian , Conrad Marcus , Berndt Carsten , Stork Björn
Published: October 2021

Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that emerges to be relevant for therapy-resistant and dedifferentiating cancers. Although several lines of evidence suggest that ferroptosis is a type of autophagy-dependent cell death, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Fin56, a type 3 ferroptosis inducer, triggers ferroptosis by promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protein degradation via a not fully understood pathway. Here, we determined that Fin56 induces ferroptosis and autophagy in bladder cancer cells and that Fin56-triggered ferroptosis mechanistically depends on the autophagic machinery. Furthermore, we found that autophagy inhibition at different stages attenuates Fin56-induced oxidative stress and GPX4 degradation. Moreover, we investigated the effects of Fin56 in combination with Torin 2, a potent mTOR inhibitor used to activate autophagy, on cell viability. We found that Fin56 synergizes with Torin 2 in cytotoxicity against bladder cancer cells. Collectively, our findings not only support the concept that ferroptosis is a type of autophagy-dependent cell death but imply that the combined application of ferroptosis inducers and mTOR inhibitors is a promising approach to improve therapeutic options in the treatment of bladder cancer.
Nrf2 attenuates ferroptosis-mediated IIR-ALI by modulating TERT and SLC7A11
Authors: Dong Hui , Xia Yangyang , Jin Shanliang , Xue Chaofan , Wang Yanjun , Hu Rong , Jiang Hong
Published: October 2021

Acute lung injury (ALI) carries a mortality rate of ~50% and is a hot topic in the world of critical illness research. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a critical modulator of intracellular oxidative homeostasis and serves as an antioxidant. The Nrf2-related anti-oxidative stress is strongly associated with ferroptosis suppression. Meanwhile, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), the catalytic portion of the telomerase protein, is reported to travel to the mitochondria to alleviate ROS. In our study, we found that TERT was significantly reduced in lung tissue of Nrf2−/−mice in the model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute lung injury (IIR-ALI). In addition, MDA levels showed marked increase, whereas GSH and GPX4 levels fell drastically in ALI models. Moreover, typical-related structural changes were observed in the type II alveolar epithelial cells in the IIR model. We further employed the scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) to examine Fe levels and distribution within cells. Based on our observations, massive aggregates of Fe were found in the MLE-12 cells upon OGD/R (oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion) induction. Additionally, Nrf2 silencing dramatically reduced TERT and SLC7A11 levels, and further exacerbated cellular injuries. In contrast, TERT-overexpressing cells exhibited marked elevation in SLC7A11 levels and thereby inhibited ferroptosis. Collectively, these data suggest that Nrf2 can negatively regulate ferroptosis via modulation of TERT and SLC7A11 levels. The conclusion from this study brings insight into new candidates that can be targeted in future IIR-ALI therapy.
CD8+ T cells specific for cryptic apoptosis-associated epitopes exacerbate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Feizi Neda , Focaccetti Chiara , Pacella Ilenia , Tucci Gloria , Rossi Alessandra , Costanza Massimo , Pedotti Rosetta , Sidney John , Sette Alessandro , La Rocca Claudia , Procaccini Claudio , Matarese Giuseppe , Barnaba Vincenzo , Piconese Silvia
Published: October 2021

The autoimmune immunopathology occurring in multiple sclerosis (MS) is sustained by myelin-specific and -nonspecific CD8+ T cells. We have previously shown that, in MS, activated T cells undergoing apoptosis induce a CD8+ T cell response directed against antigens that are unveiled during the apoptotic process, namely caspase-cleaved structural proteins such as non-muscle myosin and vimentin. Here, we have explored in vivo the development and the function of the immune responses to cryptic apoptosis-associated epitopes (AEs) in a well-established mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), through a combination of immunization approaches, multiparametric flow cytometry, and functional assays. First, we confirmed that this model recapitulated the main findings observed in MS patients, namely that apoptotic T cells and effector/memory AE-specific CD8+ T cells accumulate in the central nervous system of mice with EAE, positively correlating with disease severity. Interestingly, we found that AE-specific CD8+ T cells were present also in the lymphoid organs of unprimed mice, proliferated under peptide stimulation in vitro, but failed to respond to peptide immunization in vivo, suggesting a physiological control of this response. However, when mice were immunized with AEs along with EAE induction, AE-specific CD8+ T cells with an effector/memory phenotype accumulated in the central nervous system, and the disease severity was exacerbated. In conclusion, we demonstrate that AE-specific autoimmunity may contribute to immunopathology in neuroinflammation.
Ionizing radiation downregulates estradiol synthesis via endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibits the proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells
Authors: Yang Pengfei , Feng Xiu , Li Jin , Zhang Tianyi , Sheng Chengyan , Zhang Liying , Hua Junrui , Wei Wenjun , Ding Nan , He Jinpeng , Zhang Yanan , Wang Jufang , Zhou Heng
Published: October 2021

Breast cancer is a major threat to women’s health and estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer exhibits the highest incidence among these cancers. As the primary estrogen, estradiol strongly promotes cellular proliferation and radiotherapy, as a standard treatment, exerts an excellent therapeutic effect on ER+breast cancer. Therefore, we herein wished to explore the mechanism(s) underlying the inhibitory effects of radiation on the proliferation of ER+breast cancer cells. We used the ER+breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and T47D, and their complementary tamoxifen-resistant cell lines in our study. The aforementioned cells were irradiated at different doses of X-rays with or without exogenous estradiol. CCK8 and clone-formation assays were used to detect cellular proliferation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine estradiol secretion, western immunoblotting analysis and quantitative real-time PCR to evaluate the expression of proteins, and immunofluorescence to track endoplasmic reticulum stress-related processes. Finally, BALB/C tumor-bearing nude mice were irradiated with X-rays to explore the protein expression in tumors using immunohistochemistry. We found that ionizing radiation significantly reduced the phosphorylation of estrogen receptors and the secretion of estradiol by ER+breast cancer cells. CYP19A (aromatase) is an enzyme located in the endoplasmic reticulum, which plays a critical role in estradiol synthesis (aromatization), and we further demonstrated that ionizing radiation could induce endoplasmic reticulum stress with or without exogenous estradiol supplementation, and that it downregulated the expression of CYP19A through ER-phagy. In addition, ionizing radiation also promoted lysosomal degradation of CYP19A, reduced estradiol synthesis, and inhibited the proliferation of tamoxifen-resistant ER+breast cancer cells. We concluded that ionizing radiation downregulated the expression of CYP19A and reduced estradiol synthesis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in ER+breast cancer cells, thereby ultimately inhibiting cellular proliferation.
Computational study of the interaction between natural rubber α-terminal groups and l-quebrachitol, one of the major components of natural rubber
Authors: Gimenez-Dejoz Joan , Tsunoda Katsuhiko , Fukushima Yasuo , Numata Keiji
Published: October 2021

Natural rubber is a biomaterial with unique physical and chemical features that are indispensable for many industrial applications. It is widely accepted that the α-terminal groups of its biopolymer molecules play a critical role in its exceptional characteristics. Herein, we used molecular dynamics to model recently structurally defined α-terminal groups and their interaction with l-quebrachitol, which is the second most common compound found in natural rubber particles.
Subnanometer high-entropy alloy nanowires enable remarkable hydrogen oxidation catalysis
Authors: Zhan Changhong , Xu Yong , Bu Lingzheng , Zhu Huaze , Feng Yonggang , Yang Tang , Zhang Ying , Yang Zhiqing , Huang Bolong , Shao Qi , Huang Xiaoqing
Published: October 2021

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) with unique physicochemical properties have attracted tremendous attention in many fields, yet the precise control on dimension and morphology at atomic level remains formidable challenges. Herein, we synthesize unique PtRuNiCoFeMo HEA subnanometer nanowires (SNWs) for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). The mass and specific activities of HEA SNWs/C reach 6.75 A mgPt+Ru−1 and 8.96 mA cm−2, respectively, which are 2.8/2.6, 4.1/2.4, and 19.8/18.7 times higher than those of HEA NPs/C, commercial PtRu/C and Pt/C, respectively. It can even display enhanced resistance to CO poisoning during HOR in the presence of 1000 ppm CO. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the strong interactions between different metal sites in HEA SNWs can greatly regulate the binding strength of proton and hydroxyl, and therefore enhances the HOR activity. This work not only provides a viable synthetic route for the fabrication of Pt-based HEA subnano/nano materials, but also promotes the fundamental researches on catalysis and beyond.
Deep mitigation of CO2 and non-CO2 greenhouse gases toward 1.5 °C and 2 °C futures
Authors: Ou Yang , Roney Christopher , Alsalam Jameel , Calvin Katherine , Creason Jared , Edmonds Jae , Fawcett Allen A. , Kyle Page , Narayan Kanishka , O’Rourke Patrick , Patel Pralit , Ragnauth Shaun , Smith Steven J. , McJeon Haewon
Published: October 2021

Stabilizing climate change well below 2 °C and towards 1.5 °C requires comprehensive mitigation of all greenhouse gases (GHG), including both CO2and non-CO2GHG emissions. Here we incorporate the latest global non-CO2emissions and mitigation data into a state-of-the-art integrated assessment model GCAM and examine 90 mitigation scenarios pairing different levels of CO2and non-CO2GHG abatement pathways. We estimate that when non-CO2mitigation contributions are not fully implemented, the timing of net-zero CO2must occur about two decades earlier. Conversely, comprehensive GHG abatement that fully integrates non-CO2mitigation measures in addition to a net-zero CO2commitment can help achieve 1.5 °C stabilization. While decarbonization-driven fuel switching mainly reduces non-CO2emissions from fuel extraction and end use, targeted non-CO2mitigation measures can significantly reduce fluorinated gas emissions from industrial processes and cooling sectors. Our integrated modeling provides direct insights in how system-wide all GHG mitigation can affect the timing of net-zero CO2for 1.5 °C and 2 °C climate change scenarios.
Enhanced on-chip phase measurement by inverse weak value amplification
Authors: Song Meiting , Steinmetz John , Zhang Yi , Nauriyal Juniyali , Lyons Kevin , Jordan Andrew N. , Cardenas Jaime
Published: October 2021

Optical interferometry plays an essential role in precision metrology such as in gravitational wave detection, gyroscopes, and environmental sensing. Weak value amplification enables reaching the shot-noise-limit of sensitivity, which is difficult for most optical sensors, by amplifying the interferometric signal without amplifying certain technical noises. We implement a generalized form of weak value amplification on an integrated photonic platform with a multi-mode interferometer. Our results pave the way for a more sensitive, robust, and compact platform for measuring phase, which can be adapted to fields such as coherent communications and the quantum domain. In this work, we show a 7 dB signal enhancement in our weak value device over a standard Mach-Zehnder interferometer with equal detected optical power, as well as frequency measurements with 2 kHz sensitivity by adding a ring resonator.
Self-wetting triphase photocatalysis for effective and selective removal of hydrophilic volatile organic compounds in air
Authors: He Fei , Weon Seunghyun , Jeon Woojung , Chung Myoung Won , Choi Wonyong
Published: October 2021

Photocatalytic air purification is widely regarded as a promising technology, but it calls for more efficient photocatalytic materials and systems. Here we report a strategy to introduce an in-situ water (self-wetting) layer on WO3 by coating hygroscopic periodic acid (PA) to dramatically enhance the photocatalytic removal of hydrophilic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air. In ambient air, water vapor is condensed on WO3 to make a unique tri-phasic (air/water/WO3) system. The in-situ formed water layer selectively concentrates hydrophilic VOCs. PA plays the multiple roles as a water-layer inducer, a surface-complexing ligand enhancing visible light absorption, and a strong electron acceptor. Under visible light, the photogenerated electrons are rapidly scavenged by periodate to produce more •OH. PA/WO3 exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity for acetaldehyde degradation with an apparent quantum efficiency of 64.3% at 460 nm, which is the highest value ever reported. Other hydrophilic VOCs like formaldehyde that are readily dissolved into the in-situ water layer on WO3 are also rapidly degraded, whereas hydrophobic VOCs remain intact during photocatalysis due to the “water barrier effect”. PA/WO3 successfully demonstrated an excellent capacity for degrading hydrophilic VOCs selectively in wide-range concentrations (0.5−700 ppmv).
Prevalence of preeclampsia and the associated risk factors among pregnant women in Bangladesh
Authors: Mou Ananya Dutta , Barman Zitu , Hasan Mahmudul , Miah Rakib , Hafsa Jaasia Momtahena , Das Trisha Aporajita , Ali Nurshad
Published: October 2021

Preeclampsia is a multi-organ system disorder of pregnancy and is responsible for a significant rate of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Bangladesh, a large number of obstetric deaths occur every year but the exact reasons are not well investigated. The data regarding preeclampsia and its associated risk factors are scarce or limited in pregnant women in Bangladesh. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of preeclampsia and identify the possible risk factors in a pregnant women cohort in Bangladesh. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 111 participants were enrolled and asked to include their anthropometric, socio-demographic, and other related lifestyle information in a standard questionnaire form. Blood samples were also collected from each participant to analyze serum levels of lipid profile, liver enzymes, uric acid, and creatinine by using standard methods. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with preeclampsia. The overall prevalence of preeclampsia was 14.4%. About 10% of the pregnancies were found to have preeclampsia after 20 weeks of gestation without a previous history of hypertension. On the other hand, the prevalence of preeclampsia that superimposed on chronic hypertension was found to be 5.4%. Serum levels of TC, LDL-C, ALT and uric acid were significantly higher and HDL-C was significantly lower in preeclamptic pregnancies than the non-preeclamptic pregnancies. Respondents who required to take antihypertensive medications (AOR 5.45, 95% CI [1.09, 27.31]) and who never took antenatal care (AOR 6.83, 95% CI [1.00, 46.48]) were more likely to be preeclamptic. In conclusion, the present study showed a comparatively high prevalence of preeclampsia among pregnant women in Bangladesh. Some programmatic interventions such as medication for hypertension, antenatal visits to doctors, delivery and postnatal care services should be considered to reduce and prevent the hypertensive pregnancy disorders in Bangladesh.
Light-driven oxygen evolution from water oxidation with immobilised TiO2 engineered for high performance
Authors: Sampaio Maria J. , Yu Zhipeng , Lopes Joana C. , Tavares Pedro B. , Silva Cláudia G. , Liu Lifeng , Faria Joaquim L.
Published: October 2021

Calcination treatments in the range of 500–900 °C of TiO2 synthesised by the sol–gel resulted in materials with variable physicochemical (i.e., optical, specific surface area, crystallite size and crystalline phase) and morphological properties. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared materials was evaluated in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) following UV-LED irradiation of aqueous solutions containing iron ions as sacrificial electron acceptors. The highest activity for water oxidation was obtained with the photocatalyst thermally treated at 700 °C (TiO2-700). Photocatalysts with larger anatase to rutile ratio of the crystalline phases and higher surface density of oxygen vacancies (defects) displayed the best performance in OER. The oxygen defects at the photocatalyst surface have proven to be responsible for the enhanced photoactivity, acting as important active adsorption sites for water oxidation. Seeking technological application, water oxidation was accomplished by immobilising the photocatalyst with the highest OER rate measured under the established batch conditions (TiO2-700). Experiments operating under continuous mode revealed a remarkable efficiency for oxygen production, exceeding 12% of the apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) at 384 nm (UV-LED system) compared to the batch operation mode.
Synthesis of a Pd2In–Pd3In bi-continuous nanoporous structure by electrochemical dealloying in molten salts
Authors: Rozhentsev D. A. , Shurov N. I. , Tkachev N. K.
Published: October 2021

High-temperature dealloying in molten alkali chlorides has been demonstrated and nanoporous coherent structures consisting of the intermetallic compounds Pd2In and Pd3In in a ratio of 2 : 1 have been observed.
K2S2O8-mediated coupling of 6-amino-7-aminomethyl-thiazolino-pyridones with aldehydes to construct amyloid affecting pyrimidine-fused thiazolino-2-pyridones
Authors: Bharate Jaideep B. , Ådén Jörgen , Gharibyan Anna , Adolfsson Dan E. , Jayaweera Sanduni Wasana , Singh Pardeep , Vielfort Katarina , Tyagi Mohit , Bonde Mari , Bergström Sven , Olofsson Anders , Almqvist Fredrik
Published: October 2021

We herein present the synthesis of diversely functionalized pyrimidine fused thiazolino-2-pyridones via K2S2O8-mediated oxidative coupling of 6-amino-7-(aminomethyl)-thiazolino-2-pyridones with aldehydes.
Quantifiable stretching-induced fluorescence shifts of an elastically bendable and plastically twistable organic crystal
Authors: Di Qi , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Zhanrui , Yu Xu , Tang Baolei , Zhang Houyu , Zhang Hongyu
Published: October 2021

We present a flexible crystal capable of elastic bending and plastic twisting, and this crystal can undergo fluorescence blue shift induced by tensile force.
Co-Occurrence of Hypernasality and Voice Impairment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Acoustic Quantification
Authors: Eshghi Marziye , Connaghan Kathryn P. , Gutz Sarah E. , Berry James D. , Yunusova Yana , Green Jordan R.
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

Hypernasality and atypical voice characteristics are common features of dysarthric speech due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Existing acoustic measures have been developed to primarily target either hypernasality or voice impairment, and the effects of co-occurring hypernasality-voice problems on these measures are unknown. This report explores (a) the extent to which acoustic measures are affected by concurrent perceptually identified hypernasality and voice impairment due to ALS and (b) candidate acoustic measures of early indicators of hypernasality and voice impairment in the presence of multisystem involvement in individuals with ALS.

Method:

Two expert listeners rated severity of hypernasality and voice impairment in sentences produced by individuals with ALS (n= 27). The samples were stratified based on perceptual ratings: voice/hypernasality asymptomatic, predominantly hypernasal, predominantly voice impairment, and mixed (co-occurring hypernasality and voice impairment). Groups were compared using established acoustic measures of hypernasality (one-third octave analysis) and voice (cepstral/spectral analysis) impairment.

Results:

The one-third octave analysis differentiated all groups; the cepstral peak prominence differentiated all groups except asymptomatic versus mixed, whereas the low-to-high spectral ratio did not differ among groups. Additionally, one-third octave analyses demonstrated promising speech diagnostic potential.

Conclusions:

The results highlight the need to consider the validity of measures in the context of multisubsystem involvement. Our preliminary findings further suggest that the one-third octave analysis may be an optimal approach to quantify hypernasality and voice abnormalities in the presence of multisystem speech impairment. Future evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of the one-third octave analysis is warranted.
Response reliability and risk analysis of users under time‐of‐use price
Authors: Wu Hongbin , Wang Jingjie , Ren Yinze , Bi Rui , Sun Ming , Wei Wei
Published: October 2021

Time‐of‐use (TOU) electricity prices are implemented based on the response characteristics of users. TOU prices guide the electricity consumption behaviour of users and make them actively respond to peak shaving and valley filling. In this paper, the conventional psychology response model of consumers is improved based on the history data of customer response to the TOU price. The paper defines four types of response load curves and proposes the response reliability indices. Additionally, it establishes the probability models of customer response. According to the characteristics of customer response, the sensitivity analysis of influencing factors and the risk analysis of customers are carried out according to the probability model of response. For instance, risk and characteristics analyses of the customer response were performed using the load data of residential areas in Nanjing city. The results indicate that the probability distribution of the customer response is approximate to the trapezoid distribution. The sequence of sensitivity coefficients of customer response factors is as follows: customer income, type of customer, and electrical equipment. The proposed method provides a scientific basis for electricity price implementers to accurately grasp the response behaviour of the user and establish a reasonable demand response strategy.
Distributionally robust co‐optimization of the demand‐side resources and soft open points allocation for the high penetration of renewable energy
Authors: Liu Hong , Li Junkai , Zhang Shida , Ge Shaoyun , Yang Baijie , Wang Chengshan
Published: October 2021

The new technologies, such as soft open points (SOPs) and demand response (DR), offer original approaches to stabilize the system operation and accommodate the high penetration of distributed generators (DGs). However, the applied effects of these technologies are closely affected by the uncertainties of the consumer's willingness and the outputs of DGs. To solve the problems caused by the uncertainty of the resources in active distribution system, this paper proposes a distributionally robust co‐optimization model for the demand side resources and SOPs, which realizes the combination of investment economy and operation robustness. Next, using equivalent substitution and polyhedron linearization technique, this paper proposes the mathematical method which transforms the original non‐linear programming model into a mixed‐integer linear programming model, and obtains the solution to the distributionally robust model with column and constraint generation (CCG) algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified with the sample from a power distribution system in northern China. The result demonstrates that the co‐optimization model can realize complementary advantages of the demand side resources and SOPs, which can not only guarantee the economy of scheme, but also improve the accommodation of DGs.
Evaluating generator damping for wind‐integrated power system in ambient conditions
Authors: Sun Zhenglong , Liu Chunli , Jiang Quanfeng , Levron Yoash , Cai Guowei
Published: October 2021

This paper proposes a power system multimode generator energy loss factor (GELF) based on energy flow method under environmental excitation. This index can evaluate generator damping changes in different oscillation modes in power systems, timely discover the damping deterioration of the generator, and track the source of low‐frequency oscillation. A signal expression method for electrical frequency domain under environmental excitation is derived. This method is combined with dissipated energy flow method to obtain a new type of GELF. In terms of signal processing, dynamic mode decomposition and Morlet wavelet filter extraction system mode components are used to improve computing accuracy. The proposed index enables online calculation with the support of phasor measurement unit and wide area measurement system. Simulation analysis is conducted in a standard 39 node system and wind‐integrated power system. Test results show the effectiveness and generality of the proposed index and method.
Detection capability of ground-based meter-sized telescopes for shallow exoplanet transits
Authors: Mallonn M. , Poppenhaeger K. , Granzer T. , Weber M. , Strassmeier K. G.
Published: October 2021

Meter-sized ground-based telescopes are frequently used today for the follow-up of extrasolar planet candidates. While the transit signal of a Jupiter-sized object can typically be detected to a high level of confidence with small telescope apertures as well, the shallow transit dips of planets with the size of Neptune and smaller are more challenging to reveal. We employ new observational data to illustrate the photometric follow-up capabilities of meter-sized telescopes for shallow exoplanet transits. We describe in detail the capability of distinguishing the photometric signal of an exoplanet transit from an underlying trend in the light curve. The transit depths of the six targets we observed, Kepler-94b, Kepler-63b, K2-100b, K2-138b, K2-138c, and K2-138e, range from 3.9 ppt down to 0.3 ppt. For five targets of this sample, we provide the first ground-based photometric follow-up. The timing of three targets is precisely known from previous observations, and the timing of the other three targets is uncertain and we aim to constrain it. We detect or rule out the transit features significantly in single observations for the targets that show transits of 1.3 ppt or deeper. The shallower transit depths of two targets of 0.6 and 0.8 ppt were detected tentatively in single light curves, and were detected significantly by repeated observations. Only for the target of the shallowest transit depth of 0.3 ppt were we unable to draw a significant conclusion despite combining five individual light curves. An injection-recovery test on our real data shows that we detect transits of 1.3 ppt depth significantly in single light curves if the transit is fully covered, including out-of-transit data toward both sides, in some cases down to 0.7 ppt depth. For Kepler-94b, Kepler-63b, and K2-100b, we were able to verify the ephemeris. In the case of K2-138c with a 0.6 ppt deep transit, we were able to refine it, and in the case of K2-138e, we ruled out the transit in the time interval of more than ±1.5 σ of its current literature ephemeris.
Characterization of sensory perceptions elicited by white wine spiked with different aroma, taste and mouth-feel active molecules
Authors: Vitorino Guilherme , Mota Mariana , Malfeito-Ferreira Manuel
Published: October 2021

The present work was aimed at understanding the sensory responses induced by dry white wine modified with increasing concentrations of different sensory active molecules. The tasting panel was composed by 34 trained subjects characterized according to gender, smoking habits, 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) taster status, and sensitivity to tartaric acid, tannic acid and sucrose. Additional taste/mouthfeel responsiveness was evaluated in a basal white wine added of tartaric acid, tannic acid and sucrose. The addition of a fruity odorant mixture to the base white wine enabled the assessment of orthonasal aroma and taste intensities (sweetness, sourness, saltiness). The diversity of taste/mouthfeel responsiveness in water or wine enabled to group individuals as high or low sensitives. Likewise, the tasting panel showed two groups responding differently to aroma and flavor. Both high and low aroma sensitivity individuals showed equal (p>0.05) and congruent response to in-mouth sweet flavor perception. Moreover, the high smell sensitive group was less sensitive to sourness and saltiness than the low smell sensitives for the spiked wines across all flavor concentrations. Differences in PROP taster status and sensitivity to other tastants in water solutions were not correlated with the taste/mouthfeel perceptions in wine. The individuals most sensitive to sucrose in wine taste showed higher response to the fruity aroma. In conclusion, taste, mouthfeel and flavor perceptions showed a high variability among individuals evidencing the advantage of grouping tasters with different chemosensory sensitivities to understand cross-modal sensory interactions.
Management komplexer Behandlungsbedarfe durch Patientenlotsen – eine qualitative Studie zur Erfassung des Status quo in der GKV
Authors: Brandt Florian , Salm Frederike
Published: October 2021

Zielsetzung Seit mehreren Jahren werden Lotsenansätze zur patientenorientierten Versorgungskoordination in unterschiedlichen Modellprojekten erprobt. Diese Studie soll beantworten, welche projektübergreifenden Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich Zugangsvoraussetzungen, organisatorischer Rahmenbedingungen und Zielgruppen gewonnen werden konnten und welche Implikationen sich hieraus für den Transfer in die bundesweite Regelversorgung ergeben.

Methodik Die erforderlichen Daten wurden in einem qualitativ-explorativen Forschungsdesign erhoben. Es wurden leitfadengestützte Interviews mit 14 einschlägigen Experten geführt, aufgezeichnet, transkribiert und mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Haupteinsatzgebiet laut den Experten sind komplexe Behandlungssettings sowie Patientengruppen mit besonderem Unterstützungsbedarf. Neben einer Ausbildung und Berufserfahrung im Bereich der Humandienstleistungen, ist eine sozialrechtliche Schulung als Zugangsvoraussetzung sinnvoll. Auch eine klare Definition und Abgrenzung des Tätigkeitsprofils sowie eine Verzahnung mit der ambulanten und stationären Versorgung wurden mehrfach als hilfreich genannt. Die Experten waren sich weitestgehend darüber einig, dass Patientenlotsen strukturell in der GKV angesiedelt werden sollten. Eine Finanzierungsbeteiligung anderer Sozialversicherungssysteme sei aufgrund inhaltlicher Überschneidungen jedoch angemessen.

Schlussfolgerung Patientenlotsen unterstützen bedürftige Patienten bei der Koordination komplexer Versorgungsbedarfe und leisten damit einen Beitrag zur Verbesserung von Effektivität und Effizienz der Gesundheitsversorgung. Nachdem eine Vielzahl von praktischen Erkenntnissen zum Einsatz von Patientenlotsen in entsprechenden Modellprojekten gewonnen werden konnte, erscheint eine Übertragung in die bundesweite Regelversorgung nun geboten.
Verbesserung allgemeiner ambulanter Palliativversorgung in Hausarztpraxen – Evaluation der Interventionsstudie ALLPRAX
Authors: Grütering Louisa , Zimansky Manuel , Schneider Nils , Stiel Stephanie
Published: October 2021

Hintergrund Trotz eines hohen Bedarfs an allgemeiner ambulanter Palliativversorgung (AAPV) fehlt es an konkreten Lösungsansätzen für eine zielgerichtete Integration in Hausarztpraxen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Evaluation von Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der AAPV aus Sicht hausärztlicher Praxisteams.

Methoden Qualitative Evaluation der Implementierungsstudie ALLPRAX mit sieben Praxisteams mittels der Normalization Process Theory.

Ergebnisse Bedürfnisse von Palliativpatient*innen und ihren Angehörigen konnten mittels eines palliativmedizinischen Erstassessments und Krisenbogens besser identifiziert werden. Zu ihrer Beratung und Informationen wurde die Bereitstellung von Flyern als hilfreich bewertet. Demgegenüber gelang die Integration von Maßnahmen mit hohem Arbeitsaufwand selten.

Schlussfolgerungen Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der AAPV sollten leicht integrierbar sein und neben den Bedürfnissen von Palliativpatient*innen gezielt die Belastungen von Angehörigen berücksichtigen.
Synthetic Studies of Daphniphyllum Alkaloids: A New Method for the Construction of [7-5-5] All-Carbon Tricyclic Skeleton
Authors: Tanino Keiji , Kishi Jun-ichiro , Ikeuchi Kazutada , Suzuki Takahiro
Published: October 2021

Daphniphyllum alkaloids have complex molecular structures; consequently, their synthesis can be challenging. A new method for the construction of the [7-5-5] tricyclic core of Daphniphyllum alkaloids was developed. The bicyclo[5.3.0]decane skeleton was constructed through a divinylcyclopropane rearrangement of a cyclopentenone derivative with a vinylcyclopropyl group at the β-position. After introduction of a 2-iodoethyl group by a regioselective Michael addition with phenyl vinyl selenone, the [7-5-5] tricyclic system was formed by intramolecular alkylation of a cyclopentadienyl anion species.
Partial Regression of Congenital Brain Stem Glioma and Its Outcome
Authors: Kadam Sandeep , Chavan Rajendra , Kadam Archana , Patole Sanjay
Published: October 2021

Congenital brain stem gliomas are rare in neonates and are difficult to diagnose given their subtle clinical presentation. They are usually associated with poor prognosis by their location and behavior. However, there are few reports of spontaneous regression of brain stem glioma with favorable long-term outcome. In this article, we reported a case of congenital brain stem glioma with a normal long-term outcome where a wait and watch approach allowed observation of spontaneous partial regression of the tumor with normal neurodevelopmental outcome at 40 months of age. The optimal approach to the management of children with brain stem glioma is difficult to define as, in general, the prognosis is considered poor. Selecting an “early intervention” or “wait and watch” approach depends on the nature, size, and progression of the lesion, and the risk versus benefits of early intervention. The clinical course of our case suggests that a conservative approach may be justified in selected cases as long as the parents have been counselled and regular frequent follow-up is assured.
Range extension of eastern wallaroo (
Authors: Kazi Sakib , Aurisch Yohanna , Coulson Graeme , Eldridge Mark D. B. , Irving Matt , Miller Kimberly A. , Parrott Marissa L.
Published: October 2021

The eastern wallaroo (Osphranter robustus robustus) is a large macropodid commonly found in New South Wales and Queensland, but rare in Victoria. Previously only known in north-east Victoria from a resident population near Suggan Buggan, and isolated records <50 km from the NSW border, we report camera trap observations of O. r. robustus from Mt Loch, near Hotham Heights. This represents the highest altitude observation of the species (~1720 m above sea level), the furthest Victorian record from NSW, and a south-westerly range extension of 73 km.
Development of container laboratories in response to COVID-19
Authors: Cole Russell
Published: October 2021

A silver lining has emerged from the current COVID-19 pandemic that medical laboratory services across the Pacific have benefitted by. The pressures of COVID-19 exposed numerous deficiencies in our healthcare systems with a particular spotlight beamed onto national diagnostic testing capabilities. Consequently, laboratory services have been thrust into the centre of attention in biosecurity issues and become a high priority focus in the drive to ensure performance accuracy and diagnostic capacity is realised. Resources have been directed to ensure laboratories are prepared and responsive to early detection, but also prepared and ready for the recovery stages when borders re-open and new generation tourists are screened. An exciting development to come out of these uncertain times is the growing popularity of mobile laboratory facilities housed in shipping containers. They provide a convenient, cheap and timely solution to smaller Pacific Island nations by greatly enhancing their molecular technology platforms and containment facilities all in one box. A collaborated effort from Pacific partnership organisations has been instrumental in accelerating the establishment of these novel laboratory units and help address the need for testing facilities in geographically isolated sites.
The discourse structure of free indirect discourse reports
Authors: Bimpikou Sofia , Maier Emar , Hendriks Petra
Published: October 2021

We investigate the discourse structure of Free Indirect Discourse passages in narratives. We argue that Free
Indirect Discourse reports consist of two separate propositional discourse units: an (explicit or implicit) frame segment and a
reported content. These segments are connected at the level of discourse structure by a non-veridical, subordinating discourse
relation of Attribution, familiar from recent SDRT analyses of indirect discourse constructions in natural conversation (Hunter, 2016). We conducted an experiment to detect the covert presence of a
subordinating frame segment based on its effects on pronoun resolution. We compared (unframed) Free Indirect Discourse with
overtly framed Indirect Discourse and a non-reportative segment. We found that the first two indeed pattern alike in terms of
pronoun resolution, which we take as evidence against the pragmatic context split approach of Schlenker (2004) and Eckardt (2014), and in favor of our discourse
structural Attribution analysis.
Strange nominative case in topicalized object pronominal relative clauses
Authors: Suijkerbuijk Michelle , Redl Theresa , de Hoop Helen
Published: October 2021

In an online production experiment, we investigated the effect of sentence position on the preference for either a
nominative or object form of an object pronoun restricted by a relative clause in Dutch. Results show a significant preference for
the nominative form of the restricted object pronoun in sentence-initial position as it was chosen in 95% of the cases. In the
original object position this percentage is only 20%. The preference for a nominative pronominal object is considered a
grammatical norm violation. We account for this in terms of a combination of two factors. First, the presence of the relative
clause makes the object ‘long’. Second, the sentence-initial position is a syntactic position that is relatively far removed from
the original object position. We argue that when a long object is topicalized, there are too many intervening elements between the
pronoun and the verb of which it is the complement. If the distance between the pronominal object and the verb has become too
long, the object case fades from the working memory. This then results in the appearance of nominative case as the default case
for topicalized object pronominal relative clauses in Dutch.
“Boom! You bought them.”
Authors: Jalilifar Alireza , Saidian Soheil , Nazari Said
Published: October 2021

A review of advertisement studies shows that there has been little attempt to examine infomercials in terms of
rhetorical appeals and persuasive strategies. Therefore, this study sought to contribute to the existing literature by exploring
the persuasive elements of Apple infomercials through Aristotle’s modes of persuasion to reveal the most frequent persuasive
language features and structures and to study how such elements were utilized to promote the products and services of the company.
A top-down approach based on Aristotle’s modes of persuasion was adopted to identify the rhetorical appeals of logos,
ethos and pathos as well as the promotional tokens and patterns in the text. The descriptive
findings provided evidence to demonstrate that although all the rhetorical proofs were employed in the corpus, emotional appeal
was the most dominant. The findings of this research open new horizons for further studies on infomercials in general and
persuasive rhetoric in specific.
Quantitative signal subspace imaging
Authors: González-Rodríguez Pedro , Kim Arnold D , Tsogka Chrysoula
Published: October 2021

We develop and analyze a quantitative signal subspace imaging method for single-frequency array imaging. This method is an extension to multiple signal classification which uses (i) the noise subspace to determine the location and support of targets, and (ii) the signal subspace to recover quantitative information about the targets. For point targets, we are able to recover the complex reflectivity and for an extended target under the Born approximation, we are able to recover a scalar quantity that is related to the product of the volume and relative dielectric permittivity of the target. Our resolution analysis for a point target demonstrates this method is capable of achieving exact recovery of the complex reflectivity at subwavelength resolution. Additionally, this resolution analysis shows that noise in the data effectively acts as a regularization to the imaging functional resulting in a method that is surprisingly more robust and effective with noise than without noise.
Origin of phonon-limited mobility in two-dimensional metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Chang Hao , Wang Hao , Song Ke-Ke , Zhong Min , Shi Li-Bin , Qian Ping
Published: October 2021

Metal dichalcogenides are novel two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors after the discovery of graphene. In this article, phonon-limited mobility for six kinds of 2D semiconductors with the composition of MX2 is reviewed, in which M (Cr, Mo and W) is the transition metal, and X (S and Se) is the chalcogen element. The review is divided into three parts. In the first part, we briefly introduce the calculation method of mobility, including the empirical model and Boltzmann transport theory (BTE). The application scope, merits and limitations of these methods are summarized. In the second part, we explore empirical models to calculate the mobility of MX2, including longitudinal acoustic phonon, optical phonon (OP) and polar optical phonon (POP) models. The contribution of multi-valley to mobility is reviewed in the calculation. The differences between static and high-frequency dielectric constants (Δϵ) are only 0.13 and 0.03 for MoS2 and WS2. Such a low value indicates that the polarization hardly changes in the external field. So, their mobility is not determined by POP, but by deformation potential models. Different from GaAs, POP scattering plays a decisive role in its mobility. Our investigations also reveal that the scattering from POP cannot be ignored in CrSe2, MoSe2 and WSe2. In the third parts, we investigate the mobility of MX2 using electron–phonon coupling matrix element, which is based on BTE from the framework of a many-body quantum-field theory. Valence band splitting of MoS2 and WS2 is induced by spin–orbit coupling effect, which leads to the increase of hole mobility. In particular, we review in detail the theoretical and experimental results of MoS2 mobility in recent ten years, and its mobility is also compared with other materials to deepen the understanding.