bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seguridad informática o seguridad personal, Evolucionando con la tecnología
Authors: Ramírez Jose , Villao Karina , Orrala Omar , Garcés Juan
Published: June 2017

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad mostrar como la seguridad personal deja de ser una actividad que requiere solo atenciones físicas, sino que debido a la constante evolución de la tecnología y su proyección al always connected (forever Online) pasa a ser necesario darle nuestra atención en el plano virtual. Y, ¿qué es el plano virtual? El plano virtual hoy en día  todos lo conocemos y es el Internet, esta plataforma es donde muchas empresas colocan sus productos o servicios que desde una primera instancia parecen ser inofensivos y brindan mucha facilidad a los usuarios (nosotros) para conseguir la información necesaria de nuestro día a día, pero ¿realmente es así? ¿Cuánto conocemos sobre nuestra exposición en la gran red de redes? ¿Nos encontramos realmente seguros? estas y otras preguntas son las que irás resolviendo en la lectura de este artículo.
Abstract
This article shows us how the personal security ceases to be an activity that only requires physical attention. Due to the constant evolution of technology and the concepts always connected (forever Online), we must pay attention to the virtual mode. However, what is the virtual mode? The virtual mode is something we all know about it is Internet, this platform is where many companies place their products or services, at first glance, it seen is to be harmless while it provides facilities to users (ie ourselves) in order to get the necessary information for our everyday life; but is it really so? How much we know about our exposition to the Internet? Are we really safe? These and other questions are the ones you will solve through reading of this article.
El concepto de extensión universitaria en la era de la información el conocimiento y de crisis multifacéticas
Authors: Moreira David , González Rosa , Zambrano Jéssica , Félix Carla
Published: June 2017

A pesar de la gran cantidad de definiciones que existen de la Extensión Universitaria aún el concepto no está acabado, lo que imposibilita su comprensión como proceso sustantivo clave para lograr la vinculación de la universidad a la sociedad, también, la conceptualización de los modelos existentes no reflejan la esencia de dicha vinculación. Todo ello ha traído, diferentes insuficiencias, que atentan contra la pertinencia y calidad de la educación superior. En el trabajo se llega a una conceptualización de la extensión universitaria y se da una base para la clasificación de sus modelos
Comportamiento productivo de clones de café robusta (Coffea Canephora p) en Manglaralto, Ecuador.
Authors: Arzube Mayorga Mercedes , Orrala Borbor Néstor , León Mejía Ángel , Ramírez Flores Lenni
Published: June 2017

La investigación se realizó en la granja experimental Manglaralto, propiedad de la Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, ubicada en las coordenadas UTM 528944m E y 9796468m S zona 17M datum WGS-84 a 12 msnm, con una topografía inferior al 1%, la investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el comportamiento productivo de clones de café robusta (Coffea canephora P.), de alta productividad en las condiciones agroecológicas, de Manglaralto Ecuador. Para el establecimiento del ensayo, se utilizaron 23 clones de café robusta, seleccionados por COFENAC en la región amazónica del norte de Ecuador. Los clones fueron dispuestos al azar, cada clon es una unidad experimental representada por 20 plantas, sembradas a una distancia de 3 x 3 metros. Los resultados preliminares se sometieron al análisis de estadística descriptiva, determinándose medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión media aritmética, desviación estándar, coeficiente de variación, entre clones y dentro de los clones. Sin embargo, al cuarto año, se destacan como promisorios en producción los clones 1, 4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16 y 18. El comportamiento productivo es muy alentador considerando que el clon 1 obtuvo producción de 61 quintales y el clon 15 alcanzo 39,3 quintales de café oro por hectárea, los demás clones enunciados obtienen producción promedio de  42 quintales.AbstractThe research was carried out in the experimental farm Manglaralto, owned by the Peninsula State University of Santa Elena, located at the coordinates UTM 528944m E and 9796468m S zone 17M datum WGS-84 at 12 msnm, with topography of less than 1%, research (Coffea canephora P.), high productivity in the agroecological conditions of Manglaralto Ecuador. For the establishment of the trial, 23 clones of robust coffee, selected by COFENAC in the Amazon region of northern Ecuador, were used. The clones were arranged randomly, each clone is an experimental unit represented by 20 plants, planted at a distance of 3 x 3 meters. Preliminary results were submitted to the descriptive statistics analysis, determining measures of central tendency and mean arithmetic dispersion, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, between clones and within the clones. However, in the fourth year, clones 1, 4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16 and 18 stand out as promising in production. The productive behavior is very encouraging considering that clone 1 obtained production of 61 quintals and the clone 15 reached 39.3 quintals of gold coffee per hectare, the other clones enunciated obtain average production of 42 quintals.
La influencia de la gestión financiera en la competitividad de los pescadores artesanales del puerto pesquero Santa Rosa
Authors: Ponce Chalen Verónica , Rolando Villao Freddy , Vera Palacios Otto
Published: June 2017

Esta investigación busca conocer cómo administran los pescadores artesanales sus finanzas y cómo ello influye en la competitividad de sus actividades en el puerto pesquero Santa Rosa del cantón Salinas, período 2015 - 2016. Para detallar las causas y efectos del problema encontrado se utilizaron como insumos: estructura organizacional, logística de sus operaciones, administración financiera en las faenas de pesca, costes y nivel de ventas relacionando a la competitividad.  Es una investigación de tipo descriptiva, correlacional y cualitativa; se utilizaron métodos teóricos como el inductivo, deductivo, analítico y como métodos empíricos se aplicó la encuesta y la entrevista, dichos elementos sirvieron como instrumentos de recolección de datos a través de un cuestionario donde se analizó la información comprobándose la hipótesis, con la seguridad que la gestión financiera de los pescadores artesanales afecta su competitividad.AbstractThis research seeks to know how fishermen manage their finances and how it influences the competitiveness of their activities in the Santa Rosa fishing port of the canton Salinas in the period 2015 - 2016. To obtain a detailed description of the causes and effects of the problem found, Such as: organizational structure, logistics of its operations, financial management in fishing operations, costs and sales level relating to competitiveness. It is a descriptive, correlational and qualitative research; In addition, we used theoretical methods such as inductive, deductive, analytical and as empirical methods were applied the survey and the interview, these elements served as instruments of data collection through a questionnaire where the information was analyzed by testing the hypothesis with safety That the financial management of artisanal fishers affects their competitiveness.
Motivating Information Technology Professionals: The case of New Zealand
Authors: Ahmed Shoaib , Taskin Nazim , Pauleen David J. , Parker Jane
Published: June 2017

IT professionals play a critical role in organizations. Research indicates that they may be unique in their attitudes toward motivation and job satisfaction. In New Zealand, a shortage of skilled professionals may contribute to or impact on motivation. Using a modified model of Herzberg’s two-factor theory by Smerek and Peterson (2007), this research seeks to answer the question: what motivates New Zealand IT professionals? In response, an online questionnaire was distributed to a population of New Zealand IT professionals and the data analysed using Partial Least Squares to understand the relationship between the various dimensions of job satisfaction, the impact of personal and job characteristics, and turnover intention. The findings show that the New Zealand IT professional is primarily motivated by the nature of his or her work, followed by perceptions of responsibility, and how supervisors encourage an environment for such. Satisfaction with salary is a predictor to a lesser degree. Perhaps somewhat surprisingly, professional growth opportunities, career advancement, and recognition do not have a statistically-significant positive association with motivation. We conclude that, to motivate their IT workforce, organizations should: 1) focus on the nature of the jobs that IT professionals undertake; 2) train supervisors to provide an empowering environment; 3) offer competitive salaries to retain top talent; 4) not hesitate to employ IT professionals born outside New Zealand; and 5) take account of the singularities of the New Zealand labour market in seeking to attract, recruit and retain IT professionals. Implications for policy, practice and theory are discussed.
Digital Philology in Little Boxes: Mobile Devices and The Book of Margery Kempe
Authors: Fredell Joel
Published: June 2017

Mobile phones and tablets have become important platforms for reading, but literary works migrating to online archives do not now incorporate responsive design for these platforms because the digital humanities relies on theoretical models for display based on desktop monitors and multiple browser windows. Documentary online editions of medieval texts such as the Book of Margery Kempe demand features that interact with layers of annotation and multiple witnesses. Small screens and new editorial strategies can offer these elements in transparent layers that return text display to a unitary page and a unified reading experience.
Teaching Veterinary Anesthesia: A Survey-Based Evaluation of Two High-Fidelity Models and Live-Animal Experience for Undergraduate Veterinary Students
Authors: Musk Gabrielle C. , Collins Teresa , Hosgood Giselle
Published: June 2017

In veterinary medical education, reduction, replacement, and refinement (the three Rs) must be considered. Three clinical skills in anesthesia were identified as challenging to students: endotracheal intubation, intravenous catheterization, and drug dose calculations. The aims of this project were to evaluate students' perception of their level of confidence in performing these three clinical skills in veterinary anesthesia, to document the extent of students' previous experience in performing these three tasks, and to describe students' emotional states during this training. Veterinary students completed a series of four surveys over the period of their pre-clinical training to evaluate the usefulness of high-fidelity models for skill acquisition in endotracheal intubation and intravenous catheterization. In addition, practice and ongoing assessment in drug dose calculations were performed. The curriculum during this period of training progressed from lectures and non-animal training, to anesthesia of pigs undergoing surgery from which they did not recover, and finally to anesthesia of dogs and cats in a neutering clinic. The level of confidence for each of the three clinical skills increased over the study period. For each skill, the number of students with no confidence decreased to zero and the proportion of students with higher levels of confidence increased. The high-fidelity models for endotracheal intubation and intravenous catheterization used to complement the live-animal teaching were considered a useful adjunct to the teaching of clinical skills in veterinary anesthesia. With practice, students became more confident performing drug dose calculations.
Student-Initiated Feedback Using Clinical Encounter Cards during Clinical Rotations in Veterinary Medicine: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Buchner H.H. Florian , Nawrocik Daniel , Burger? Christoph
Published: June 2017

Despite its critical role for successful student learning, providing adequate teacher feedback is still a major issue during clinical education. In human medical education, the implementation of clinical encounter cards (CECs) has led to more frequent, timely, and structured teacher feedback. The present study aimed to introduce student-initiated CECs in a veterinary medical setting (clinical rotations). A total of 24 students were randomly assigned to a control group (standard rotations) and an intervention group where they had to ask for teacher feedback using CECs. The feasibility of implementing CECs was evaluated by examining the content of the completed CECs and by using anonymous student and teacher questionnaires. In addition, acceptance of the intervention and changes in feedback behavior were examined from both the teachers' and students' perspectives. Overall, it was shown that using CECs is not only feasible in a veterinary clinical setting but also conducive to more frequent and constructive teacher feedback. However, some teachers postponed completing the CECs due to time pressure, leading to less direct and timely feedback. Moreover, students felt more comfortable asking for feedback from less experienced, younger teachers, and teachers' quantitative ratings and open commentaries seemed to be affected by leniency bias. Finally, a focus group including teachers and students discussed these results in light of their practical experiences. This led to a streamlining of the implementation process and optimizations to facilitate future large-scale implementation. The study has implications for veterinary educators wishing to improve feedback in their institution.
Wald-Wild, ein Dauerbrenner im Wildtier-management (Essay)
Authors: Brosi Georg J. , Jenny Hannes
Published: June 2017

Forest and game: an evergreen of wildlife management (essay)

The federal and cantonal laws on wildlife and forest, dating back 140 years, have made it possible for the massively weakened large fauna and the degraded forest to recover. Instead of two species of large fauna in the Graubünden, there are now twelve, and forest area has increased by 60%. However, this positive outcome should not obscure the fact that there are still many challenges to be resolved in wildlife management in our cultural landscape. These challenges include managing the considerable seasonal differences in the biotope capacity of wildlife habitats, determining the ecological role of ungulates in our cultural ecosystem as a whole, the increasing disturbance from leisure activities, and the need to take account of the influence of large predators in planning hunting. Conflicts between forest and game can only be resolved in a broader context.
Investigation of Depth and Injection Pressure Effects on Breakdown Pressure and Fracture Permeability of Shale Reservoirs: An Experimental Study
Authors: Wanniarachchi Wanniarachchillage , Gamage Ranjith , Perera Mandadige , Rathnaweera Tharaka , Gao Mingzhong , Padmanabhan Eswaran
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to identify the influence of reservoir depth on reservoir rock mass breakdown pressure and the influence of reservoir depth and injecting fluid pressure on the flow ability of reservoirs before and after the hydraulic fracturing process. A series of fracturing tests was conducted under a range of confining pressures (1, 3, 5 and 7 MPa) to simulate various depths. In addition, permeability tests were conducted on intact and fractured samples under 1 and 7 MPa confining pressures to determine the flow characteristic variations upon fracturing of the reservoir, depending on the reservoir depth and injecting fluid pressure. N2 permeability was tested under a series of confining pressures (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 MPa) and injection pressures (1–10 MPa). According to the results, shale reservoir flow ability for gas movement may reduce with increasing injection pressure and reservoir depth, due to the Klinkenberg phenomenon and pore structure shrinkage, respectively. The breakdown pressure of the reservoir rock linearly increases with increasing reservoir depth (confining pressure). Interestingly, 81% permeability reduction was observed in the fractured rock mass due to high (25 MPa) confinement, which shows the importance of proppants in the fracturing process.
Human MAP Tau Based Targeted Cytolytic Fusion Proteins
Authors: Akinrinmade Olusiji , Jordaan Sandra , Hristodorov Dmitrij , Mladenov Radoslav , Mungra Neelakshi , Chetty Shivan , Barth Stefan
Published: June 2017

Some of the most promising small molecule toxins used to generate antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) include anti-mitotic agents (e.g., auristatin and its derivatives) which are designed to attack cancerous cells at their most vulnerable state during mitosis. We were interested in identifying a human cystostatic protein eventually showing comparable activities and allowing the generation of corresponding targeted fully human cytolytic fusion proteins. Recently, we identified the human microtubule associated protein tau (MAP tau), which binds specifically to tubulin and modulates the stability of microtubules, thereby blocking mitosis and presumably vesicular transport. By binding and stabilizing polymerized microtubule filaments, MAP tau-based fusion proteins skew microtubule dynamics towards cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This biological activity makes rapidly proliferating cells (e.g., cancer and inflammatory cells) an excellent target for MAP tau-based targeted treatments. Their superior selectivity for proliferating cells confers additional selectivity towards upregulated tumor-associated antigens at their surface, thereby preventing off-target related toxicity against normal cells bearing tumor-associated antigens at physiologically normal to low levels. In this review, we highlight recent findings on MAP tau-based targeted cytolytic fusion proteins reported in preclinical immunotherapeutic studies.
Hybrid, Multi-Megawatt HVDC Transformer Topology Comparison for Future Offshore Wind Farms
Authors: Smailes Michael , Ng Chong , Mckeever Paul , Shek Jonathan , Theotokatos Gerasimos , Abusara Mohammad
Published: June 2017

With the wind industry moving further offshore, High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission is becoming increasingly popular. HVDC transformer substations are not optimized for the offshore industry though, increasing costs and reducing redundancy. A suggested medium frequency, modular hybrid HVDC transformer located within each wind turbine nacelle could mitigate these problems, but the overall design must be considered carefully to minimize losses. This paper’s contribution is a detailed analysis of the hybrid transformer, using practical design considerations including component library minimization. The configurations investigated include combinations of single phase H-Bridge and Modular Multilevel Converter topologies operating under minimum switching frequency control strategies. These were modelled in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The impact of the minimum switching control strategy and converter topology on power transfer stability and overall efficiency is then investigated. It was found that the H-Bridge converter generated the lowest overall losses, but there was a trade off with power flow sensitivity due in part to the additional harmonics generated.
Screening of Available Tools for Dynamic Mooring Analysis of Wave Energy Converters
Authors: Thomsen Jonas , Ferri Francesco , Kofoed Jens
Published: June 2017

The focus on alternative energy sources has increased significantly throughout the last few decades, leading to a considerable development in the wave energy sector. In spite of this, the sector cannot yet be considered commercialized, and many challenges still exist, in which mooring of floating wave energy converters is included. Different methods for assessment and design of mooring systems have been described by now, covering simple quasi-static analysis and more advanced and sophisticated dynamic analysis. Design standards for mooring systems already exist, and new ones are being developed specifically forwave energy converter moorings, which results in other requirements to the chosen tools, since these often have been aimed at other offshore sectors. The present analysis assesses a number of relevant commercial software packages for full dynamic mooring analysis in order to highlight the advantages and drawbacks. The focus of the assessment is to ensure that the software packages are capable of fulfilling the requirements of modeling, as defined in design standards and thereby ensuring that the analysis can be used to get a certified mooring system. Based on the initial assessment, the two software packages DeepC and OrcaFlex are found to best suit the requirements. They are therefore used in a case study in order to evaluate motion and mooring load response, and the results are compared in order to provide guidelines for which software package to choose. In the present study, the OrcaFlex code was found to satisfy all requirements.
Experimental Investigation on CO2 Methanation Process for Solar Energy Storage Compared to CO2-Based Methanol Synthesis
Authors: Castellani Beatrice , Gambelli Alberto , Morini Elena , Nastasi Benedetto , Presciutti Andrea , Filipponi Mirko , Nicolini Andrea , Rossi Federico
Published: June 2017

The utilization of the captured CO2 as a carbon source for the production of energy storage media offers a technological solution for overcoming crucial issues in current energy systems. Solar energy production generally does not match with energy demand because of its intermittent and non-programmable nature, entailing the adoption of storage technologies. Hydrogen constitutes a chemical storage for renewable electricity if it is produced by water electrolysis and is also the key reactant for CO2 methanation (Sabatier reaction). The utilization of CO2 as a feedstock for producing methane contributes to alleviate global climate changes and sequestration related problems. The produced methane is a carbon neutral gas that fits into existing infrastructure and allows issues related to the aforementioned intermittency and non-programmability of solar energy to be overcome. In this paper, an experimental apparatus, composed of an electrolyzer and a tubular fixed bed reactor, is built and used to produce methane via Sabatier reaction. The objective of the experimental campaign is the evaluation of the process performance and a comparison with other CO2 valorization paths such as methanol production. The investigated pressure range was 2–20 bar, obtaining a methane volume fraction in outlet gaseous mixture of 64.75% at 8 bar and 97.24% at 20 bar, with conversion efficiencies of, respectively, 84.64% and 99.06%. The methanol and methane processes were compared on the basis of an energy parameter defined as the spent energy/stored energy. It is higher for the methanol process (0.45), with respect to the methane production process (0.41–0.43), which has a higher energy storage capability.
Site-Dependent Environmental Impacts of Industrial Hydrogen Production by Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Koj Jan , Wulf Christina , Schreiber Andrea , Zapp Petra
Published: June 2017

Industrial hydrogen production via alkaline water electrolysis (AEL) is a mature hydrogen production method. One argument in favor of AEL when supplied with renewable energy is its environmental superiority against conventional fossil-based hydrogen production. However, today electricity from the national grid is widely utilized for industrial applications of AEL. Also, the ban on asbestos membranes led to a change in performance patterns, making a detailed assessment necessary. This study presents a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) using the GaBi software (version 6.115, thinkstep, Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany), revealing inventory data and environmental impacts for industrial hydrogen production by latest AELs (6 MW, Zirfon membranes) in three different countries (Austria, Germany and Spain) with corresponding grid mixes. The results confirm the dependence of most environmental effects from the operation phase and specifically the site-dependent electricity mix. Construction of system components and the replacement of cell stacks make a minor contribution. At present, considering the three countries, AEL can be operated in the most environmentally friendly fashion in Austria. Concerning the construction of AEL plants the materials nickel and polytetrafluoroethylene in particular, used for cell manufacturing, revealed significant contributions to the environmental burden.
Seed Production, Viability, and Reproductive Limits of the Invasive Ailanthus altissima (Tree-of-Heaven) within Invaded Environments
Authors: Wickert Kristen L. , O’Neal Eric S. , Davis Donald D. , Kasson Matthew T.
Published: June 2017

The success of some invasive tree species is attributed, in part, to high fecundity in the form of sexual propagules. If invasive trees produce more seed annually than co-occurring native trees, they will have a greater ability to disperse and establish across the landscape. In this study, seed production of female Ailanthus trees was investigated to determine (1) reproductive age limits; (2) annual and cumulative seed output; and (3) seed viability. Existing data on Ailanthus seed production were combined with a novel dataset to compare variability in seed production and explore relationships with tree diameter and age. Results from this study showed Ailanthus’ reproductive window is exceptional, spanning more than a century, with seed viability exceeding 65% from a 104-year-old individual. Germination studies and complementary tetrazolium assays also confirmed high propagule viability from a 7-year-old Ailanthus and supports tetrazolium assays as a proxy for germination studies. Not only can individual Ailanthus produce >1 million seeds annually, but a significant relationship exists between seed production and tree diameter. Using this relationship, cumulative seed production in individual Ailanthus can reach ca. 10 and 52 million seeds over a 40-year and 100-year period, respectively. This study provides a comprehensive investigation of various facets of the reproductive potential of Ailanthus.
A Security Framework for the Internet of Things in the Future Internet Architecture
Authors: Liu Xiruo , Zhao Meiyuan , Li Sugang , Zhang Feixiong , Trappe Wade
Published: June 2017

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a recent trend that extends the boundary of the Internet to include a wide variety of computing devices. Connecting many stand-alone IoT systems through the Internet introduces many challenges, with security being front-and-center since much of the collected information will be exposed to a wide and often unknown audience. Unfortunately, due to the intrinsic capability limits of low-end IoT devices, which account for a majority of the IoT end hosts, many traditional security methods cannot be applied to secure IoT systems, which open a door for attacks and exploits directed both against IoT services and the broader Internet. This paper addresses this issue by introducing a unified IoT framework based on the MobilityFirst future Internet architecture that explicitly focuses on supporting security for the IoT. Our design integrates local IoT systems into the global Internet without losing usability, interoperability and security protection. Specifically, we introduced an IoT middleware layer that connects heterogeneous hardware in local IoT systems to the global MobilityFirst network. We propose an IoT name resolution service (IoT-NRS) as a core component of the middleware layer, and develop a lightweight keying protocol that establishes trust between an IoT device and the IoT-NRS.
Fruit Fiber Consumption Specifically Improves Liver Health Status in Obese Subjects under Energy Restriction
Authors: Cantero Irene , Abete Itziar , Monreal J. , Martinez J. , Zulet M.
Published: June 2017

The prevalence of non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MS). This study aimed to evaluate the influence of two energy-restricted diets on non-invasive markers and scores of liver damage in obese individuals with features of MS after six months of follow-up and to assess the role of fiber content in metabolic outcomes. Seventy obese individuals from the RESMENA (Reduction of Metabolic Syndrome in Navarra) study were evaluated at baseline and after six months of energy-restricted nutritional intervention (American Heart Association (AHA) and RESMENA dietary groups). Dietary records, anthropometrical data, body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and routine laboratory measurements were analyzed by standardized methods. Regarding liver status, cytokeratin-18 fragments and several non-invasive scores of fatty liver were also assessed. The RESMENA strategy was a good and complementary alternative to AHA for the treatment of obesity-related comorbidities. Participants with higher insoluble fiber consumption (≥7.5 g/day) showed improvements in fatty liver index (FLI), hepatic steatosis index (HIS), and NAFLD liver fat score (NAFLD_LFS), while gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and transaminases evidenced significant improvements as a result of fruit fiber consumption (≥8.8 g/day). Remarkably, a regression model evidenced a relationship between liver status and fiber from fruits. These results support the design of dietary patterns based on the consumption of insoluble fiber and fiber from fruits in the context of energy restriction for the management of obese patients suffering fatty liver disease.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of Dairy Products in Chinese Urban Population and the Effects on Dairy Intake Quality
Authors: Zhao Ai , Szeto Ignatius , Wang Yan , Li Ce , Pan Min , Li Ting , Wang Peiyu , Zhang Yumei
Published: June 2017

Insufficient intake of dairy products is a nutritional problem of concern in China. However, the knowledge, attitude, and practice of consuming dairy products in the Chinese population remain unknown. A total of 1739 subjects from eight cities in China participated in this study. A questionnaire was used to measure knowledge of and attitude toward dairy. A semi-food intake frequency questionnaire was used to obtain the frequencies and amount of different kinds of dairy product intake. Calcium and protein intake were investigated within one 24-hour period of dietary recall. The results showed that questions related to lactose intolerance had the highest unknown rate and the lowest accuracy. Males, subjects with a lower education level, lower monthly family income (<3000 yuan), lower monthly family food expenditure (<1000 yuan), and lower personal monthly expenditure on dairy products (<10 yuan) had a significantly lower knowledge score. For attitude, 42.7 percent of subjects had self-perceived insufficient intake of dairy. While 15.2 percent of subjects reported experiencing lactose intolerance symptoms, 29.5 percent did not know the reasons. In practice, the median (25th, 75th) intake of dairy products was 71.4 (0.0, 200.0) g/day. A significantly lower intake of dairy and low-fat or fat-free dairy products was shown in subjects with poor dairy knowledge. For the perception of lactose intolerance, the lowest intake was shown in the “unsure” group. In conclusion, knowledge gaps and self-perception bias regarding dairy products exist in Chinese urban adults and these are associated with the quantity and quality of dairy intake.
Chestnut Honey Impregnated Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogel for Diabetic Ulcer Healing
Authors: Park Jong-Seok , An Sung-Jun , Jeong Sung-In , Gwon Hui-Jeong , Lim Youn-Mook , Nho Young-Chang
Published: June 2017

Honey-based wound dressings have attracted a lot of attention from modern scientists owing to their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects without antibiotic resistance. Such dressings also promote moist wound healing, and have been considered natural, abundant, and cheap materials for folk marketing. This study investigated the various behaviors and characteristics of chestnut honey-impregnated carboxymethyl cellulose sodium hydrogel paste (CH–CMC) as a therapeutic dressing, such as its moist retention, antibacterial activity for inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and the rate of wound healing in db/db mice. The results provide good evidence, suggesting that CH–CMC has potential as a competitive candidate for diabetic ulcer wound healing.
Particle Distribution of Solid Flame Retardants in Infusion Moulded Composites
Authors: Pomázi Ákos , Toldy Andrea
Published: June 2017

Resin transfer moulding (RTM) is commonly used for the production of high-performance fibre-reinforced polymer composites. In numerous application areas, the addition of fillers is necessary to enhance some properties of the polymer matrix or provide it with additional properties, such as flame retardancy. As many of the applied additives are solid phase, the reinforcement layers may filter the solid phase additive particles during RTM, resulting in a non-uniform distribution and uneven performance. Consequently, the proper distribution of the solid phase additives in composites is of key importance. This review primarily aims at facilitating the production of flame retarded structural composites by RTM in cases where the required fire performance can only be achieved with solid additives. First, the parameters influencing the particle distribution, along with the models describing it, are reviewed. Then, analytical methods for determining the particle distribution in composites manufactured by RTM are presented. Finally, the possible solutions to improve the particle distribution of solid phase additives are outlined.
Introduction to “In Anticipation: Eschatology and Transcendence in Contemporary Contexts”
Authors: Sands Justin
Published: June 2017

Although it is difficult to pinpoint when the so-called theological turn in Continental philosophy began in the 20th century, it is fair to consider as a working origin that Martin Heidegger’s critique of metaphysics and his questioning of the forgetfulness of Being touched a nerve within both philosophical and theological discourses.[...]
Religious Literacy through Religious Education: The Future of Teaching and Learning about Religion and Belief
Authors: Dinham Adam , Shaw Martha
Published: June 2017

This article reports on research undertaken between July 2014 and November 2015 in secondary schools (for young people aged 11–16) across England to ask what young people need to know about religion and belief in schools in order to increase ‘religious literacy’ when they go in to the workplace and wider society. The research arises in the context of an urgent debate which has been underway in England about the future of Religious Education (RE), a subject which remains compulsory in England under the Education Act 1944, but which gives rise to widespread confusion about its purposes, content and structure, as reflected in growing criticisms of the policy muddle that frames it. The key findings are: that there is an appetite for review and reform of teaching and learning about religion and belief in schools, inside and outside the RE space, in order to clarify confusion about its purposes, content and structure; that the key perceived purposes which are emerging are the ability to engage with diversity, and personal spiritual (but not religious) development; and that stakeholders want to learn about more religions and beliefs, and ways of thinking about them, which reflect a much broader and more fluid real contemporary religion and belief landscape of England and the world than education has reflected.
Regression Kriging for Improving Crop Height Models Fusing Ultra-Sonic Sensing with UAV Imagery
Authors: Schirrmann Michael , Hamdorf André , Giebel Antje , Gleiniger Franziska , Pflanz Michael , Dammer Karl-Heinz
Published: June 2017

A crop height model (CHM) can be an important element of the decision making process in agriculture, because it relates well with many agronomic parameters, e.g., crop height, plant biomass or crop yield. Today, CHMs can be inexpensively obtained from overlapping imagery captured from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms or from proximal sensors attached to ground-based vehicles used for regular management. Both approaches have their limitations and combining them with a data fusion may overcome some of these limitations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate if regression kriging, as a geostatistical data fusion approach, can be used to improve the interpolation of ground-based ultrasonic measurements with UAV imagery as covariate. Regression kriging might be suitable because we have a sparse data set (ultrasound) and an exhaustive data set (UAV) and both data sets have favorable properties for geostatistical analysis. To confirm this, we conducted four missions in two different fields in total, where we collected UAV imagery and ultrasonic data alongside. From the overlapping UAV images, surface models and ortho-images were generated with photogrammetric processing. The maps generated by regression kriging were of much higher detail than the smooth maps generated by ordinary kriging, because regression kriging ensures that for each prediction point information from the UAV, imagery is given. The relationship with crop height, fresh biomass and, to a lesser extent, with crop yield, was stronger using CHMs generated by regression kriging than by ordinary kriging. The use of UAV data from the prior mission was also of benefit and could improve map accuracy and quality. Thus, regression kriging is a flexible approach for the integration of UAV imagery with ground-based sensor data, with benefits for precision agriculture-oriented farmers and agricultural service providers.
Integration of Sustainability into Architectural Education at Accredited Korean Universities
Authors: Rieh Sun-Young , Lee Byung-Yun , Oh Joon-Gul , Schuetze Thorsten , Porras Álvarez Santiago , Lee Kyungsun , Park Jiyoung
Published: June 2017

This paper examines the integration of sustainability principles into architectural education programs at South Korean Universities that have been accredited by the Korea Architectural Accrediting Board (KAAB). Accreditation requires the successful implementation of 30 so-called Student Performance Criteria (SPCs). Similar to recent improvements to international architectural education, different principles of sustainability have been successfully implemented by the KAAB. This paper identifies eight sustainability-related SPCs that can be utilized to teach sustainability. The analysis of 48 accredited five-year architectural education program curricula in South Korea has revealed which sustainability-related SPCs are addressed each semester. Furthermore, the average number of credits per sustainability-related SPC in different course types, such as theory courses and design studios, has been identified. Theory courses with an emphasis on sustainability education have been defined as sustainability core courses. The results reveal that a majority of existing programs primarily address environmental aspects of sustainability. Furthermore, a sequential course structure analysis elucidates three main curriculum types, with different potential for integrated sustainability education in sustainability core courses and design studios: (i) sustainability core course preceding (high potential); (ii) sustainability core courses and design studio, accompanying (high potential); and (iii) sustainability core course following (low potential).
The Impact of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Corporate Social Responsibility in Korea
Authors: Yu Jongmin , Lee Sejoong
Published: June 2017

This study investigates the relationship between corporate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Using GHG emissions data and the CSR index announced by the Korea Economic Justice Institute, we find that companies emitting more GHG are highly rated in the CSR index. This relationship becomes stronger as the firm size increases. This result indicates that reducing GHG, especially for big firms, may not be an effective way to raise the firm’s CSR index as expected. We interpret this result as suggesting that other social contribution behaviours may be valued more than GHG reduction, despite its actual environmental influence. We therefore argue that the current CSR index possibly underestimates the importance of environmental factors, such as GHG reduction, and thus, the index needs to be improved.
Susceptibility and Lethality of Western Equine Encephalitis Virus in Balb/c Mice When Infected by the Aerosol Route
Authors: Phelps Amanda , O’Brien Lyn , Eastaugh Lin , Davies Carwyn , Lever Mark , Ennis Jane , Zeitlin Larry , Nunez Alejandro , Ulaeto David
Published: June 2017

Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) naturally cycles between mosquitos and birds or rodents, with a case fatality rate of up to 15% in humans during epizootic outbreaks. There are no medical countermeasures to treat WEEV infection, and accidental aerosol exposure increases the case fatality rate up to 40%. Understanding the pathogenesis of infection is required to develop and assess medical countermeasures. This study describes the clinical and pathological findings of mice infected with WEEV by the aerosol route, and use as a model for WEEV infection in humans. Balb/c mice were infected by the aerosol route with a dose range of high-virulence WEEV strain Fleming to establish the median lethal dose (MLD). The disease course was acute, culminating in severe clinical signs, neuroinvasion, and dose-dependent mortality. Further groups of mice were exposed by the aerosol route, periodically sacrificed, and tissues excised for histopathological examination and virology. Viral titres peaked four days post-challenge in the brain and lungs, corresponding with severe bilateral lesions in rostroventral regions of the encephalon, especially in the olfactory bulb and piriform cortex. Recapitulation of the most serious clinical presentations of human WEEV disease in mice may prove a useful tool in the evaluation of medical countermeasures.
Better-Fitted Probability of Hydraulic Conductivity for a Silty Clay Site and Its Effects on Solute Transport
Authors: Lu Chengpeng , Qin Wei , Zhao Gang , Zhang Ying , Wang Wenpeng
Published: June 2017

The heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity of a subsurface medium is vital to the groundwater flow and solute transport. Probability is efficient for characterizing and quantifying the field characterization of hydraulic conductivity. Compared with sandy mediums, silty clay is paid less attention to due to its low hydraulic conductivity. For long-term solute transport and seawater intrusion, the low-permeable medium is considered as a remarkably permeable medium. This study reports on a comprehensive investigation on the hydraulic conductivity field of the Ningchegu site, located east of Tianjin City of China. Four layers recognized by 52 boreholes, plain fill, continental silty clay, mud–silt clay and marine silty clay, were deposited from the top to the bottom. The hydraulic conductivities measured via permeameter tests ranged from 2 × 10−6 m/d to 1.6 × 10−1 m/d, which corresponded to the lithology of silty clay. The magnitude and the range of the hydraulic conductivity increased with the depth. Five probability distribution models were tested with the experimental probability, indicating that a Levy stable distribution was more matched than the log-normal, normal, Weibull or gamma distributions. A simple analytical model and a Monte Carlo technique were used to inspect the effect of the silty clay hydraulic conductivity field on the statistical behavior of the solute transport. The Levy stable distribution likely generates higher peak concentrations and lower peak times compared with the widely-used log-normal distribution. This consequently guides us in describing the transport of contaminations in subsurface mediums.
Effects of Water Regime on Spring Wetland Landscape Evolution in Poyang Lake between 2000 and 2010
Authors: You Hailin , Fan Hongxiang , Xu Ligang , Wu Yongming , Wang Xiaolong , Liu Lizhen , Yao Zhong , Yan Bangyou
Published: June 2017

Water regime was one of the most important driving factors in the formation of wetland landscape and the growth and distribution pattern of wetland vegetation. Currently, research on the relationship between wetland landscape and water regime was mostly focused in autumns and winters in Poyang Lake, and lack of research in springs. Based on the nine high-resolution spring remote sensing images during 2000–2010, the classification characteristics of wetland landscape and spatial distribution pattern of vegetation and their succession trends in Poyang Lake were studied through quantitative interpretation technology and multivariate statistical analysis. Combined with water level fluctuations characteristics of the five monitoring hydrological stations (i.e., Hukou, Xingzi, Duzhan, Tangyin and Kangshan) at the Poyang Lake, the inter-annual and intra-annual water level variations of Poyang Lake were analyzed. The study was aimed to investigate the quantitative effects of water regime on the spring wetland landscape and spatial distribution pattern of vegetation and their succession trends in Poyang Lake. The results showed that: (1) the maximum scope of water levels of the five monitoring stations varied from 8.5 m to 13.57 m, and the water level of Poyang lake showed a downward trend, declining at an average rate of 0.16 m per year during 2000–2010; (2) the total area of the 10 types of the landscapes did not change significantly, which was always maintained at about 3026 km 2 and the total area of vegetation coverage showed increasing trend during 2000–2010 in Poyang Lake, with a maximum area in 2008 and a minimum area in 2010; (3) The water level change was consistent with the area of the lake water, and was inconsistent with the areas of the mudflat, vegetation and land-water transition zone. The highest linear fitting degree with water level was the area of the land-water transition zone, followed by the lake water and vegetation. The results were helpful to further explore the eco-hydrology process and its trend at Poyang Lake wetland, a scientific reference for the maintenance of stable ecosystem functions of the seasonal freshwater lake wetland.
Water Molecules in a Carbon Nanotube under an Applied Electric Field at Various Temperatures and Pressures
Authors: Winarto  , Yamamoto Eiji , Yasuoka Kenji
Published: June 2017

Water confined in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) under the influence of an electric field exhibits behavior different to that of bulk water. Such behavior is fascinating from a nanoscience point of view and has potential application in nanotechnology. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the structure of water molecules in an ( 8 , 8 ) CNT, under an electric field at various temperatures and pressures. In the absence of an electric field, water in the CNT has an ordered (solid-like) structure at temperatures of 200 K and 250 K. The solid-like structure of water at these low temperatures exhibits ferroelectric properties. At 300 K, the structure of water is solid-like or disordered (liquid-like), i.e., an unstable structure. This indicates that a melting point occurs at around these conditions. Increasing the pressure to 10 MPa does not change the structure at 300 K. At 350 K, water is completely melted and has only a disordered structure. Under an applied electric field of 1 V/nm, water forms a solid-like structure at all simulation temperatures up to 350 K. This suggests that the electric field induces a phase transition from liquid to ice-nanotube, at temperatures as high as 350 K. The structure of the ice-nanotube under an applied electric field differs from that formed in the absence of an electric field at low temperature. The electrostatic interaction within the ice-nanotube under an electric field is stronger than that in the absence of an electric field.