bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Liquid-Fueled Detonations by an Eulerian–Lagrangian Model
Authors: Shen Hua , Wang Gang , Liu Kaixin , Zhang Deliang
Published: February 2021

In this paper, an Eulerian–Lagrangian two-phase flow model for liquid-fueled detonations is constructed. The gaseous mixture is described by an Eulerian method, and liquid particles in gaseous mixture are traced by a Lagrangian method. An improved space-time conservation element and solution element (CE/SE) scheme is applied to the simulations of detonations in liquid C
10
H
22
-O
2
/air systems. Different fuel droplet sizes and equivalence ratios are considered in the present study. Interestingly, the numerical results show that liquid-fueled detonations have some difference with gaseous detonations. Especially, a deficit in the propagation velocity compared to the gaseous detonation velocity is observed in mixtures with lean fuel and larger droplet sizes, while an increase in the propagation velocity compared to the gaseous detonation velocity is observed in the mixtures with very rich fuel. The surprising phenomenon is analyzed and discussed with the aid of detailed numerical results. In addition, the formation and propagation of two-phase detonation waves are characterized by series of results and the influence of particle radii is also discussed. All numerical results show that the present model can describe the gas-particle two-phase system accurately, and can be applied to numerical simulations of liquid-fueled detonations.
Effects of HMX Particle Size on the Shock Initiation of PBXC03 Explosive
Authors: Wen Li-Jing , Duan Zhuo-Ping , Zhang Lian-Sheng , Zhang Zhen-Yu , Ou Zhuo-Cheng , Huang Feng-Lei
Published: February 2021

A series of shock initiation experiments are performed on the PBXC03 explosives in different formulations to understand the influence of the explosive particle size on the shock initiation, and the in-situ pressure gauge data are obtained which show that shock sensitivity decreases with the explosive particle size under the test condition used in this paper. Moreover, a mesoscopic reaction rate model which is calibrated by the experimental data on a medium formulation PBXC03 explosive is adopted and then applied to predict numerically the shock initiation of other PBXC03 explosives in different formulations. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Toward a Commons of religious experience: Theological education and the practice of theology
Authors: Shields Richard
Published: February 2021

In North America denominational and church-sponsored universities continue to thrive. Yet many struggle to maintain their Christian identity and fulfill their mission amid an increasingly diverse student body. As recognizable expressions of how their religious sponsors carry out a sense of who they are and what they are called to be, Christian universities must be seen as Church practices. This is particularly so in how theology and religious studies are presented. How do university professors, academically oriented and committed to advancing scholarship in their discipline, respond to the requirements of good teaching and create the conditions for authentic learning in their students? A new educational context challenges us to experiment with pedagogies that engage students in the study of religion and theology in a way that makes room for the plurality of backgrounds and experiences they bring to the classroom, while honouring the integrity of the subject matter. Seeing the practice of theology as a dynamic dialogue with contemporary culture and the construction of new insights and innovative appreciation of ancient truths and realities allows the teacher to create a “commons of religious experience” where students encounter living traditions of faith and make sense of their own lives and the worlds they inhabit.
“We Teach Our Children to See a Human Being”: Women Transforming Religious Conflict in Indonesia
Authors: Mercer Joyce Ann
Published: February 2021

Indonesia is the site of recent violent conflicts between Christians and Muslims. Women, largely absent from official peace proceedings, nevertheless play a key role in on-the-ground efforts to transform violent conflict, through their everyday work as both formal and informal educators teaching their communities and the next generation how to regard and interact with those who became enemies in conflict. A practical theological framework of everyday religious practice situates the religious dimensions of these conflicts and also of women’s peacebuilding practices. This paper draws upon ethnographic research with women peacebuilders in the Moluccas, exploring intersections of gender with practices of religious education that contribute to the transformation of violent conflicts.
The Clergy Work Orientation in Transition: An Analysis of the Structure and Change in Work Orientation Among the Finnish Lutheran Clergy
Authors: Tervo-Niemelä Kati
Published: February 2021

The article focuses on the work orientation and changes therein among the clergy in Finland, and on its implications for practical church work. The article is based on a survey conducted among the clergy in Finland (N=878). The research shows that clergy make distinctions between various work tasks that are in line with the traditional distinction between “function” and “performance”. The results show that liberal theological orientation, which is linked to performance-orientation, is increasing. The aspects of work which seem to be most threatened are evangelization, missionary work, and reading and teaching the Bible. There are also many areas of work that are likely to remain stable and unite the clergy regardless of their gender, age or theological orientation.
News from the pragmatics classroom: Contrasting the inductive and the deductive approach in the teaching of pragmatic competence
Authors: Glaser Karen
Published: February 2021

While the role of pragmatic skills in a foreign or second language has been receiving increased attention both from a research and a language teaching perspective, there is still a lamentable scarcity of systematic empirical studies into the effectiveness of instructional methods in the teaching of pragmatics. Addressing this research gap, this article reports about a quasi-experimental study into possible differences between an explicit-inductive and an explicit-deductive instructional approach in the teaching of pragmatic skills in English as a Foreign Language (EFL), more specifically the teaching of offer refusals to 49 advanced adult EFL learners in Germany. The instruction consisted of three 90-minute lessons, which were spread out over the duration of a 15-week academic semester and designed according to the deductive principle and the inductive principle, respectively. While the deductive group was provided with metapragmatic rules directly at the beginning of the instruction, the inductive group only encountered such rules after engaging in language use and guided discovery. Production data was elicited by means of DCTs and role play in a pretest-posttest format. Effectiveness of instruction was operationalized by means of two indicators: Indicator 1 measured the increased usage of the strategies taught in class, while indicator 2 measured the approximation to a native speaker target. The results indicate that the gains in the inductive group surpassed those in the deductive group, suggesting that when situated within the explicit framework, inductive instruction is more effective in the teaching of pragmatic skills.
Das Aggregationsproblem bei der Erstellung von Rankings. Einige Anmerkungen am Beispiel der Formel 1 Weltmeisterschaft 1998 / The Problem of Aggregation Arising in the Process of Building Rankings. Some Remarks with the Example of the Formula 1 Championship 1998
Authors: Kladroba Andreas
Published: February 2021

Seit mehreren Jahren bereits erfreut sich die Erstellung von Rankings immer größerer Beliebtheit. Aber trotz dieser Beliebtheit zeigen viele Rankings erschreckende Schwächen bezüglich der Verwendung statistischer Methoden. Ein besonderes Problem (vor allem wegen seiner zentralen Bedeutung) stellt dabei offensichtlich die Aggregation von Einzelrankings zu einem Gesamtranking dar.

Diese Aufgabenstellung ist eng verwandt mit den aus der Entscheidungstheorie bekannten „Gruppenentscheidungen“. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt einige dort bekannte Aggregationsverfahren vor und versucht anhand eines einfachen Rankingbeispiels, nämlich der Formel 1 Weltmeisterschaft 1998, zu zeigen, welche Konsequenzen die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Verfahren auf das Gesamtergebnis hat.
Yes We Can (Hyperbolize)! Ideals, Rhetoric, and Tradition Transmission
Authors: Silverman Jason M.
Published: February 2021

Biblical scholars often treat idealistic expectations – for kings or eras – as “eschatological” or “messianic” expectations. Yet this sort of analysis often elides the rhetorical nature of the source texts. This article seeks to analyze the rhetoric of Obama’s first presidential campaign as a recent comparator, using Bormann’s Symbolic Convergence Theory and recent work on hyperbole. The results of this discussion are then applied to four sample passages from the context of Hebrew Bible to argue that idealistic or “utopian” language need not necessarily imply any of the ideas associated with messianism or millenarianism. In the final analysis this will mean that scholars must be more careful in delineating the diachronic development of ideas in ancient texts.
Implications of the German Human Genetic Examination Act on laboratory medicine1),2),3)
Authors: Heidemann Simone , Schillhorn Kerrin
Published: February 2021

The Human Genetic Examination Act (Genetic Diagnosis Act – GenDG) entered into force on 1 February 2010. This act applies to genetic examinations and analyses for medical purposes, for those determining descent as well as in the insurance and employment sectors. The act regulates the duty to inform patients prior to genetic analysis and to obtain their informed consent, as well as the legal conditions of reporting the results of genetic examinations and analyses and handling of genetic data and genetic samples obtained thereby.
Practical implementation of the German Genetic Diagnostics Act (GenDG) in Laboratory Medicine, the Human Genetics Laboratory and Genetic Counselling1)
Authors: Orth Matthias , Rost Imma , Hoffmann Georg F. , Klein Hanns-Georg
Published: February 2021

The German Genetic Diagnostics Act (GenDG) in its current version, effective since February 2010, has far-reaching consequences for all physicians and also for many patients. After more than 1 year of experience working with the GenDG, much of the previous criticism has proved to be inadequate. From the beginning, experts complained that besides the direct analysis of germline DNA, gene products should not be included in the scope of the act – potentially having a very broad impact on the entire in vitro diagnostics field. Problems with applying the act range from the impossibility of distinguishing between genetic and non-genetic examinations to enormous bureaucratic hurdles, which in some areas interfere with an efficient, state-of-the-art patient care (i.e., newborn screening, treatment with blood products). The rapid progress in technology, which is currently revolutionizing genetic diagnostics worldwide, has been set with narrow boundaries by the German GenDG, while at the same time “personalised medicine”, applying exactly the same technologies, is being funded by government research grants. From the viewpoints of the concerned physicians and patients, there is an urgent need to amend the act itself, and efficient action should be taken by the committee on genetic diagnostics (GEKO), which was appointed to define guidelines for the practical use of the GenDG.
Mendelssohn, Kant, and Religious Liberty
Authors: Guyer Paul
Published: February 2021

Both Mendelssohn and Kant were strong supporters of the separation between church and state, but their arguments differed. Mendelssohn joined many others in following Locke in arguing that only freely arrived at conviction could be pleasing to God, so the state could not serve the purpose of religion in attempting to enforce it: a religious premise for religious liberty. Kant argued for religious liberty as an immediate consequence of the innate right to freedom. I suggest that Kant’s straightforward argument is worth recalling in the present attack on the separation of church and state in the US and elsewhere.
Double-barrier first-passage times of
jump-diffusion processes
Authors: Fernández Lexuri , Hieber Peter , Scherer Matthias
Published: February 2021

Required in a wide range of applications in, e.g., finance, engineering, and physics, first-passage time problems have attracted considerable interest over the past decades. Since analytical solutions often do not exist, one strand of research focuses on fast and accurate numerical techniques. In this paper, we present an efficient and unbiased Monte-Carlo simulation to obtain double-barrier first-passage time probabilities of a jump-diffusion process with arbitrary jump size distribution; extending single-barrier results by [Journal of Derivatives 10 (2002), 43–54]. In mathematical finance, the double-barrier first-passage time is required to price exotic derivatives, for example corridor bonus certificates, (step) double barrier options, or digital first-touch options, that depend on whether or not the underlying asset price exceeds certain threshold levels. Furthermore, it is relevant in structural credit risk models if one considers two exit events, e.g., default and early repayment.
Die frühe Sultanatsarchitektur in Nordindien im 12.–14. Jahrhundert als herrschaftspolitisches, identitätsstiftendes Ausdrucksmittel im Spannungsfeld wechselnder Legitimierungsstrategien
Authors: Redlinger Daniel
Published: February 2021

The following paper discusses how the experience and perception of contingency and strategies to cope with it are evident in the architecture of the Muslim ruling class during the early Delhi Sultanate (1190–1320). The discussed building is the most important Friday Mosque in this context, a quasi-visualized symbol of the thematic concept of rulership for the new Muslim political elite. This ruling class established itself in Northern India in the late 12th century within a multi-ethnic, multi-religious and socially heterogeneous society, in which extremely different forms of communication, social hierarchies, worldviews, religious concepts, social norms and perceptions of historical images and experiences met. From the 13th century onwards, the countless immigrants and refugees from Persian-speaking areas had a remarkable influence on the local culture which was already multifaceted due to the various indigenous Northern Indian conceptions of life, faith and perception. Examining the architecture of the mosque as well as its decoration and systems of inscriptions, it will be shown how these almost text-like visual systems where adapted and used by different rulers as part of their diverging strategies of legitimization of their rule and how they created visualized reference systems to promote a coherent, specific historical narrative and a visual experience and language of a meaningful collective past to which all social and religious groups in Northern India could relate.
Herrschaftslegitimation im Diskurs
Authors: Hartmann Florian
Published: February 2021

In the course of the 11th century, the economic and demographic growth within the Italian cities and its consequential social problems led to an increasing tension between the aristocratic vassal milieu comprising the bishop on one side and the urban elites on the other. Amongst others, one consequence was the takeover of domination by communal institutions resulting in an independent political participation of the citizens. However, these new communes suffered from a lack of legitimacy. The contemporaries were well aware of the contingency of the communes. The communal discourse as taught in the rhetoric system of the ars dictaminis reveals how domination was conceptualized in the 12th century.
Das Ereignis von Edirne (1703)
Authors: Şen Gül
Published: February 2021

The 1703 rebellion, known as the ‚Event of Edirne‘ or as the ‚Event of Feyżullāh Efendi‘, challenged the Ottoman state. It resulted in the killing of the Grand Mufti Feyżullāh Efendi (1639–1703), who had been despised by various insurgent groups at the court for his nepotism, the deposition of the ruling sultan Muṣṭafā II, and the ascension of his brother Aḥmed III to the throne. In his treatise ‚Feyżullāh Efendi Vaḳʿası‘, the court chronicler Muṣṭafā Naʿīmā Efendi (1655–1716) addresses the ruler and important dignitaries with his description of this event. As it was the contemporary custom, the treatise bears strong didactic features. Naʿīmā relied on astrological interpretations in order to explain the cause of the rebellion. This kind of narrative is a particular feature of Naʿīmā‘s modus operandi, on which this article will focus. It examines how Naʿīmā, in his role as the official historiographer, applies this explanation by use of narrative elements, and goes on to examine the institutional significance of astrology in the context of Ottoman court culture. It is obvious that Naʿīmā perceived the rebellion as an experience of contingency. According to his analysis, however, the 1703 rebellion was not the inevitable outcome of mismanagement at court, but could rather have been foreseen years ago by means of astrological calculations. Based on this reasoning, the historiographer was able to provide Ottoman rule with the required continuity, i.e. its legitimization.
Gegen die göttliche Vorsehung
Authors: Dohmen Linda
Published: February 2021

The Frankish Emperor Louis (later called the Pious), only surviving son of Charlemagne, always made it clear that he understood his rule over the Franks as derived directly from God. In 833, however, Louis had to face the second rebellion within three years, and this time, while preparing battle against his three sons, he was deserted by his army on the so-called Field of Lies near Colmar in Alsace and thus was informally deposed. Among those who played an active part in the events in Colmar and later in Compiègne, where Louis was forced to accede to a public penance, was Archbishop Agobard of Lyon. His ‘Libri apologetici’, written in the summer and autumn of 833, bear powerful witness to the difficulties that contemporaries experienced when trying to legitimate the rebellion against a ruler believed to be installed by God.
„Keine Herrschaft dem Lasterhaften!“
Authors: Gharaibeh Mohammad
Published: February 2021

The period between after the death of an-Nāṣir Muḥammad b. Qalāwūn in 1341 and the rise of the first Circassian Sultan in 1382 was characterized by the emirs’ struggle for domination in the Mamluk Empire. This led to a rapid succession of twelve puppet sultans, each of which was installed only to be removed shortly after his enthronement and to be replaced by another one. This paper investigates the narrative strategies to deal with these circumstances in the chronicle of the historian Ibn Kaṯīr ‘al-Bidāya wa-n-nihāya‘. In his account on the remarkable succession of sultans, he explains their political failure as a result of their immoral way of life. The paper will hence show how Ibn Kaṯīr uses a religious narrative to overcome the contingency of the unstable political period.
Method of upper and lower solutions for coupled system of nonlinear fractional integro-differential equations with advanced arguments
Authors: Khodabakhshi Neda , Vaezpour S. Mansour , Trujillo J. Juan
Published: February 2021

In this paper, by means of upper and lower solutions, we develop monotone iterative method for the existence of extremal solutions for coupled system of nonlinear fractional integro-differential equations with advanced arguments. We illustrate this technique with the help of an example.
Commuting pairs of self-adjoint elements in C
*-algebras
Authors: Hatori Osamu
Published: February 2021

We give a condition on commutativity of a pair of self-adjoint elements in a C
*-algebra with respect to the continuous functional calculus. We also give an answer to the question raised by Jeang and Ko that if a non-constant continuous function totally spans the given C
*-algebra.
Strong convergence properties for arrays of rowwise negatively orthant dependent random variables
Authors: Shen Aiting , Zhang Yu , Volodin Andrei
Published: February 2021

Let {Xni
, i ≥ 1, n ≥1} be an array of rowwise negatively orthant dependent random variables which is stochastically dominated by a random variable X. Wang et al. [15. Complete convergence for arrays of rowwise negatively orthant dependent random variables, RACSAM, 106 (2012), 235–245] studied the complete convergence for arrays of rowwise negatively orthant dependent random variables under the condition that X has an exponential moment, which seems too strong. We will further study the complete convergence for arrays of rowwise negatively orthant dependent random variables under the condition that X has a moment, which is weaker than exponential moment. Our results improve the corresponding ones of Wang et al. [15].
Manipulating the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) activity and plasmon-driven catalytic efficiency by the control of Ag NP/graphene layers under optical excitation
Authors: Xiu Xianwu , Hou Liping , Yu Jing , Jiang Shouzhen , Li Chonghui , Zhao Xiaofei , Peng Qianqian , Qiu Si , Zhang Chao , Man Baoyuan , Li Zhen
Published: February 2021

Highly efficient plasmon-driven catalysis and excellent surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) performance are proportional to the square of the local electromagnetic field (hot spot). However, a proven way to realize the enhancement in intensity and density of “hot spot” still needs to be investigated. Here, we report on multilayered Ag nanoparticle (Ag NP)/graphene coupled to an underlying Cu film system (MAgNP-CuF) which can be used as an effective SERS substrates realizing ultra-sensitive detection for toxic molecules and in situ monitoring the plasmon-driven reaction for p-nitrothiophenol (PNTP) to p,p′-dimercaptobenzene (DMAB) conversion. The mechanism of ultra-sensitive SERS response and catalytic reaction is investigated via Ag NP/graphene layer-dependent experiments combined with theoretical simulations. The research found that the intensity and density of “hot spot” can be effectively manipulated by the number of plasmonic layers, and the bottom Cu film could also reflect the scattered and excitation beam and would further enhance the Raman signals. Moreover, the MAgNP-CuF exhibits outstanding performance in stability and reproducibility. We believe that this concept of multilayered plasmonic structures would be widely used not only in the field of SERS but also in the wider research in photocatalysis.
Der letzte (Pan)Theismusstreit oder: Die nicht verwirklichte Versöhnung
Authors: Zolotukhin Vsevolod V.
Published: February 2021

Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der letzten Auseinandersetzung um Theismus und Pantheismus, die in den 1870er Jahren zwischen Immanuel Hermann Fichte und Eduard von Hartmann stattfand. Diese Kontroverse, die die beiden Denker in ihren programmatischen Werken geführt haben, führt unmittelbar die Auseinandersetzungen Jacobis mit den deutschen Idealisten fort. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass es zwischen den zwei unterschiedlichen weltanschaulichen Doktrinen weit mehr Gemeinsamkeiten gibt, als weithin angenommen wird. Die Hauptschwierigkeit aber, die die theoretische Vermittlung und Versöhnung unmöglich macht, ist die unterschiedliche Beurteilung der Tragweite des menschlichen Erkenntnisvermögens.
Bodies, Masks and Biopolitics: Clothing as “Second Skin” and Skin as “First Clothing” in “The Tiger’s Bride”
Authors: Battisti Chiara
Published: February 2021

This essay aims at analysing the contemporary revision of the fairy tale Beauty and the Beast re-told by Angela Carter in “The Tiger’s Bride.” In my critical approach I will intertwine two distinct theoretical strands: one focused on the concept of ‘skin’ and its role as idiom of personhood and identity and the other focused on the notion of the dressed/undressed body, its political power and the manner in which clothing acts as a form of embodiment. I will be focusing on the idea of both body/skin and the dressed body as telling traces of the cultural negotiations of identity and difference by analysing the transformation of Beauty into an animal and the figure of The Beast, as a strange being in a dimension between human and animal. It is precisely the movement of these bodies- naked, clothed and masked- in a liminal zone, an area of exclusion, that makes them the powerful destroyers of the rules of normalcy and allows them to deconstruct the normative perspectives of biopolitics, defined by Michel Foucault as the extension of state control over both the physical and political bodies of a population.
Augmented Bodies: Functional and Rhetorical Uses of Augmented Reality in Fashion
Authors: Logaldo Mara
Published: February 2021

Augmented Reality (AR) is increasingly changing our perception of the world. The spreading of Quick Response (QR), Radio Frequency (RFID) and AR tags has provided ways to enrich physical items with digital information. By a process of alignment the codes can be read by the cameras contained in handheld devices or special equipment and add computer-generated contents – including 3-D imagery – to real objects in real time. As a result, we feel we belong to a multi-layered dimension, to a mixed environment where the real and the virtual partly overlap. Fashion has been among the most responsive domains to this new technology. Applications of AR in the field have already been numerous and diverse: from Magic Mirrors in department stores to 3-D features in fashion magazines; from augmented fashion shows, where models are covered with tags or transformed into walking holograms, to advertisements consisting exclusively of more or less magnified QR codes. Bodies are thus at the same time augmented and encrypted, offered to the eye of the digital camera to be transfigured and turned into a secret language which, among other functions, can also have that of becoming a powerful tool to bypass censorship.
Menschenopferdarstellungen? Zur Analyse minoischer und mykenischer Siegelbilder
Authors: Jung Reinhard
Published: February 2021

Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt einen Versuch dar, mittels semiotischer Bildanalyse dem Bedeutungsinhalt minoischer und mykenischer Siegelbilder näherzukommen. Dabei wurden als Analysegegenstand bildliche Darstellungen ausgewählt, die zum Nachweis der Existenz bzw. Nichtexistenz einer feststehenden Ikonographie des Menschenopfers dienen können. Die Position der einzelnen Bildelemente der jeweiligen Siegelbilder zueinander, ihr Zusammenspiel bei der Bedeutungskonstitution, wird zunächst typologisch untersucht, um darauf chronologisch wie geographisch differenziert zu werden. Es können so mögliche Codes der bildlichen Darstellung in der Glyptik im Verlaufe ihrer Entwicklung rekonstruiert werden, deren Stimmigkeit wiederum an anderen Bildquellen überprüft wird. Eine Untersuchung solcher archäologischer Fundkomplexe des minoischen und mykenischen Griechenlands, die in der Forschung mit Menschenopfern in Verbindung gebracht wurden, ergänzt die Studie
On the syntax of ergativity ın Kurdish
Authors: Karimi Yadgar
Published: February 2021

This paper is an attempt to develop an analysis of ergativity syntax, focusing on the past transitive structures in Kurdish where ergativity manifests itself. Adducing evidence from a diverse array of structures that share formal characteristics with the past transitive structure in Kurdish, I will argue that ergativity emerges in transitive structures where (a) the transitive verb, subcategorizing for a complement DP, is defective in terms of accusative case assignment (i.e. unaccusative) and (b) the external argument, i.e. the subject DP, is licensed as the specifier of a high applicative head that takes vP as its complement. Thus analyzed, ergativity is construed as a natural computational corollary deriving from the interaction of independently motivated operations of the narrow syntax.
A Bayesian approach to the AMS dates for the Copper Age in the Great Hungarian Plain
Authors: Brummack Sven , Diaconescu Dragoş
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung: Im östlichen Karpatenbecken hat die
Forschung ein Chronologiegerüst für die frühe und mittlere
Kupferzeit mit der relativen Kulturgruppenabfolge
Tiszapolgár, gefolgt von der Bodrogkeresztúr und schließlich
der sie ablösenden Hunyadi-halom-Gruppe, entwickelt.
Insbesondere hochauflösende AMS-Radiokarbondaten,
die in den letzten Jahren aus Ungarn, der Ostslowakei
und Rumänien vorgelegt wurden, konnten dabei die Vorstellungen
zur absolutchronologischen Stellung der einzelnen
Kulturgruppen erheblich modifizieren. Die Bayesbasierte
Modellierung der Daten stellt dem Archäologen
statistische Hilfsmittel zur Verfügung, die zeigen können,
dass die relativchronologische Sequenz der Kulturgruppen
in Übereinstimmung mit den bislang vorgelegten
AMS Serien steht.

Résumé: La chronologie relative concernant le Chalcolithique
ancien et moyen dans la moitié est du Bassin
des Carpates contient les étapes suivantes: culture de Tiszapolgár,
suivie de la culture de Bodrogkeresztúr et enfin
culture d’Hunyadihalom. Les datations radiocarbone AMS
obtenues récemment en Hongrie, Slovaquie et Roumanie
ont considérablement amélioré la chronologie absolue de
ces trois cultures. Les approches Bayésiennes nous permettent
de démontrer que la chronologie relative est en
accord complet avec les résultats de l’analyse des datations
radiocarbone.

Abstract: The relative chronological schemes for the Early
and Middle Copper Age in the eastern half of the Carpathian
Basin show the following succession: Tiszapolgár
culture, followed by the Bodrogkeresztúr culture and
finally the Hunyadihalom culture. The AMS dates recently
obtained from Hungary, Slovakia and Romania are considerably
improving the absolute chronology of these
three archaeological cultures. Bayesian approaches make
it possible to show that the relative chronology is in complete
agreement with the analysis of the 14C dates.
Planned Fiscal Consolidations and Growth Forecast Errors – New Panel Evidence on Fiscal Multipliers
Authors: Belke Ansgar , Kronen Dominik , Osowski Thomas
Published: February 2021

This paper analyzes the effect of planned fiscal consolidation on GDP growth forecast errors from the years 2010-2013 using cross section analyses and fixed effects estimations. Our main findings are that fiscal multipliers have been underestimated in most instances for the year 2011 while we find little to no evidence for the years 2010 and especially the latter years 2012/13. Since the underestimation of fiscal multipliers seems to have decreased over time, it may indicate learning effects of forecasters. However, the implications for fiscal policy should be considered with caution as a false forecast of fiscal multipliers does not confirm that austerity is the wrong fiscal approach but only suggests a too optimistic assessment of fiscal multipliers for the year 2011.
Causal relationships between inflation and inflation uncertainty
Authors: Barnett William A. , Jawadi Fredj , Ftiti Zied
Published: February 2021

Since the publication of Friedman’s (1977) Nobel lecture, the relationships between the mean function of the inflation stochastic process and its uncertainty, and between inflation uncertainty (IU) and real output growth have been the subject of much research, with some studies justifying this causality and some reaching the opposite conclusion or finding an inverse correlation between mean inflation and inflation volatility with causation in either direction. We conduct a systematic econometric study of the relationships between the first two moments of the inflation stochastic process and between IU and output growth using state-of-the-art approaches and proposes a time-varying inflation uncertainty measure based on stochastic volatility to consider unpredictable shocks. Further, we extend the literature by providing a new econometric specification of this relationship using two semi-parametric approaches: the frequency evolutionary co-spectral approach and continuous wavelet methodology. We theoretically justify their use through an extension of Ball’s (1992) model. These frequency approaches have two advantages: they provide the analyses for different frequency horizons and do not impose restriction on the data. While the literature focused on the US data, our study explores these relationships for five major developed and emerging countries/regions (the US, the UK, the euro area, South Africa, and China) over the past five decades to investigate the robustness of our inferences and sources of inconsistencies among prior studies. This selection of countries permits investigation of the inflation versus inflation uncertainty relationship under different hypotheses, including explicit versus implicit inflation targets, conventional versus unconventional monetary policy, independent versus dependent central banks, and calm versus crisis periods. Our findings show a significant relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty, which varies over time and frequency, and offer an improved comprehension of this ambiguous relationship. The relationship is positive in the short and medium terms during stable periods, confirming the Friedman–Ball theory, and negative during crisis periods. Additionally, our analysis identifies the phases of leading and lagging inflation uncertainty. Our general approach nests within it the earlier approaches, permitting explanation of the prior appearances of ambiguity in the relationship and identifies the conditions associated with the various outcomes.
Les deux discours glottopolitiques issus de la Révolution Française: La période 1790–1794 et le Rapport Giordan (1982)
Authors: Marcellesi Jean-Baptiste
Published: February 2021

Wenn die Sprachpolitik in der Französischen Revolution eindeutig die sprachliche Vereinheitlichung Frankreichs beabsichtigt, so ist die Charakterisierung der Jahre 1790-94 mit „terreur linguistique“ übertrieben, weil im Prinzip eine „sanfte“ Sprachpolitik betrieben wird. Die Analyse des Begriffsfeldes „Sprache“ in den Texten der Revolution zeigt, daß die ideologische Begründung für die Zurückdrängung aller Sprachen und Varietäten, die nicht französischer Standard waren, mit ihrer Qualifizierung als „Nichtsprache“ erfolgt. Der Vergleich mit dem „Rapport Giordan“ von 1982 demonstriert, daß an der Schwelle des 200. Jahrestages eine Neubewertung dieser Sprachen im Gange ist.
La Révolution comme retour à la tradition – stratégies discursives des libéraux dans les Cortès de Cadix, 1810–1813
Authors: Brumme Jenny
Published: February 2021

Der Diskurs der spanischen Liberalen konstituierte sich im wesentlichen in den politischen Auseinandersetzungen in den Cortes (1810-1813) und der Presse von Cadiz und wurde von Themen getragen, die bereits die Aufklärung und Französische Revolution beherrschten. Dabei entwickelten die Liberalen zwei grundlegende Diskursstrategien. Einerseits übernahmen sie die Sprache der Revolution (z. B. „Libertad“). Andererseits suchten sie sich gegen den französischen Sprachgebrauch und damit den ihrer Feinde im Unabhängigkeitskrieg (1808-1814) abzugrenzen (z. B. Ablehnung von „revolución“) und orientierten sich an mittelalterlichen Traditionen, die ihnen auch Bezeichnungen für neue Institutionen und Errungenschaften lieferten (z. B. „Cortes“).
Sportvereine als Interessenorganisationen?! – Ursachen und Auswirkungen von Ziel-Interessen-Divergenzen in freiwilligen Sportorganisationen / Sports Clubs as Mutual Interest Organizations? – Causes and Effects of Divergences between Club Goals and Member Interests in Volunteer Sports Organizations
Authors: Klenk Christoffer , Nagel Siegfried
Published: February 2021

Für Sportvereine als Interessenorganisationen scheint die Rückbindung der Vereinsziele an die Mitgliederinteressen von zentraler Bedeutung zu sein. In der Vereinsrealität dürfte aber diese Rückbindung nur teilweise gewährleistet sein und folglich Ziel-Interessen-Divergenzen eher die Norm als die Ausnahme darstellen. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, welche Ursachen für Ziel-Interessen- Divergenzen verantwortlich zu machen sind und welche Auswirkungen sich daraus für die Vereine ergeben. Dieser Frage geht der vorliegende Beitrag nach, indem auf der Grundlage des akteurtheoretischen Mehr-Ebenen-Modells zur Analyse der Entwicklung von Sportvereinen die struktur- und handlungsbedingten Ursachen und Auswirkungen von Divergenzen auf der Vereins- und Mitgliederebene beleuchtet werden. Mit Blick auf die Ursachen wurde der Einfluss der korporativen Vereinsstrukturen und der individuellen Handlungsorientierungen der Mitglieder auf Divergenzen untersucht. Die Befunde hierzu zeigen, dass Divergenzen einerseits durch einem zunehmenden Differenzierungs- und Hierarchisierungsgrad (z.B. Vereinsgröße, Umweltvernetzung, Oligarchisierung) begünstigt werden und andererseits vor allem bei einer primären Verfolgung von Eigeninteressen der Mitglieder auftreten. Hinsichtlich der Auswirkungen wurden die individuellen Mitgliederreaktionen und die korporativen Vereinsreaktionen auf Divergenzen analysiert. Diesbezüglich zeigen die Befunde, dass sowohl die Mitglieder als auch die Vereinsführung überwiegend konstruktiv auf Divergenzen reagieren (z.B. durch Problemansprache, Vertrauen, Kompromissfindung), so dass es vielen Vereinen offenbar relativ gut gelingt, Ziel-Interessen-Divergenzen bis zu einem gewissen Grad sowohl aushalten als auch aufarbeiten zu können.
Expanded R&D by Jet-engine-steering Revolution
Authors: Gal-Or Benjamin
Published: February 2021

Since 1987 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] the global jet engine community is facing the historical fact that jet engine steering is gradually replacing canards and the common, often dangerous and obsolete, aerodynamic-only flight control – a fact that (i) has already affected the defense-industrial complex in the US, Russia, China, Japan, S-Korea and India, (ii) has integrated the traditional jet-engine components R&D with advanced aero-electro-physics, stealth technology, thrust vectoring aerodynamics and material science. Moreover, this military revolution is historically due to expand into the civil transport jets domain, [6, 7, 8, 9].

The historical aim of the JES-Revolution remains the same: Replace the common, stall-spin sensitive canards [6] and Aerodynamic-Only-Obsolete-Flight Control (“AOOF Control”). Invented about 100 years ago for propeller-driven air vehicles, it has already been partially replaced for failure to function in WVR-combat post-stall domain, and for the following reasons: In comparison with complete Tail-Less, Canard-Less, Stealth-JES (Figure 5 and References [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]), the common AOOF Control increases drag, weight, fuel consumption, complexity, cost, and reduces flight safety, stealth, [Low Detectability] and provides zero post-stall, WVR air combat capability while its CANARDS KILL LD & REDUCE JES.

Examples of stealth fighter aircraft that have already replaced canards and AOOF-Control where JES provides at least 64 to 0 KILL-RATIO advantage over AOOF-Controlled conventional fighter aircraft: The U.S. JES F-22 and, apparently, the Russian JES-Su-T-50 & 35S, China 2016-J-31, Indian HAL AMCA & FGFA, Japanese JES IHHI ATD-X, S-Korean JES KF-X. Cf. X-44 in Figure 5.

Consequently, the jet engine is no longer defined as providing only brute force forward. Instead, it successfully competes with and wins over the wrong, dominating AOOF-Control, at least as a backup flight control whose sole factual domain is currently a well-established, primary flight controller RE any post-stall, super-agility, [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9].
Ein unbekannter Brief von Ernst Windisch aus der Pokorny-Bibliothek in Freiburg/Schweiz
Authors: Dochartaigh Pól Ó
Published: February 2021

Der Nachlaß Julius Pokorny befindet sich in der Kantons- und Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg im Uechtland, Schweiz. Er wurde noch im Jahre von Pokornys Tod, 1970, durch den Nachlaßverwalter Meinrad Scheller dorthin verkauft. Scheller hatte bis 1968 in Freiburg gelehrt. Der Erwerb des Nachlasses wurde im Rahmen der geplanten Errichtung eines Lehrstuhls für Keltologie durchgeführt, an der Pokorny Ende der 1960er Jahre mitgewirkt hatte. Als der Pokorny-Schüler Heinrich Wagner für das Projekt nicht gewonnen werden konnte, schlief es ein.
A Celtic orphan from Castaneda
Authors: Markey Tom , Mees Bernard
Published: February 2021

In November of 1935, a uniquely puzzling inscription in Etruscoid characters was discovered among the remains of an Iron Age necropolis west of the church at Castaneda in Canton Grisons (Graubünden, Grigione). The inscription is engraved along the spout of a bronze oinochoe (Schnabelkanne), and apart from a solitary chi inscribed on another find from this necropolis, is the only evidence of alphabetism to have been unearthed from the site. Castaneda is a hamlet strategically perched some 780 meters above sea level along the northern slope of the Calanca Valley (Val Calanca) as it opens onto the Misox Valley (Val Mesolcina), an age-old trade and communication artery that leads northward to the Lesser Saint Bernard Pass. The necropolis is, therefore, situated about 11 kilometers (seven miles) northeast of Bellinzona, which lies just across the cantonal border to Ticino (Tessin); see Map 1 and Nagy (2000a, 2000b) for a site history.
Virus – Evolution – 3D Propellers
Authors: Sten Andersson
Published: February 2021

For two different polyhedra, the cube and the rhombic dodecahedron, there are an
infinite number of closely related polyhedra. We find the same for the
icosahedron and dodecahedron. We show with direct mathematical methods how an
unlimited number of different structures can be derived from the smallest up to
any size.
Crystal chemistry of alpha-boron derivatives
Authors: Economy J. , Matkovich V. I. , Giese R. F.
Published: February 2021

Auszug

Die stöchiometrische Zusammensetzung von Verbindungen mit Zwischengitterplätzen wird diskutiert. Bei einem Strukturgerüst sind mehrere stöchiometrische Verhältnisse möglich, wenn es mehr als eine Art von Zwischengitterplätzen gibt. Dieses Prinzip wurde zur Aufklärung der Verwirrung benutzt, die über isotype Reihen von Zwischengitter-Verbindungen, welche sich vom α-Bor ableiten, verbreitet ist. Gemäß der Besetzung von Zwischengitterplätzen sind drei verschiedene stöchiometrische Verbindungen in dieser Isotypen-Gruppe zu unterscheiden: B12X2Y (B12X,), B12X2 und B12X. Es wird berichtet über 1. eine neue Borcarbid-Form (B12Cz), 2. eine neues α-Bor-Derivat mit Aluminium auf Zwischengitterplätzen (B12C2Al), 3. die Identifizierung und die Differenzierung zweier Borsubphosphide (B12P2 und B13P2), 4. die Darstellung von Borsubarsenid und 5. die Beziehung zwischen Metall-Dodekaboriden und α-Bor-Derivaten.
A simple Stereographic plotting table
Authors: Dyson D. J.
Published: February 2021

Auszug

Die Mitteilung enthält Angaben über die Konstruktion eines einfachen stereographischen Auswertetisches und Hinweise zu dessen Verwendung. Das Instrument ist das einfachste unter einer Reihe von möglichen Konstruktionen und ermöglicht ein schnelles Zeichnen von stereographischen Projektionen. Es wurde ursprünglich als Hilfsmittel für die Auswertung von Elektronenbeugungsaufnahmen entworfen, kann aber auch für andere Auswertungen kristallographisher Art verwendet werden.
The crystal structure of YB4
Authors: Giese Β. F. , Matkovich V. I. , Economy J.
Published: February 2021

Auszug

Zweck der Untersuchung an YB4 war die Bestimmung der Lagen des Bors in Metallboriden. Der frühere, von der Struktur von ThB4 ausgehende Vorschlag wurde im wesentlichen bestätigt. In jeder oktaedrischen Bor-Gruppe ist jedoch im Durchschnitt eine Atomlage unbesetzt, entgegen dem früheren Vorschlag, der auf einem zusammenhängenden Gerüst aus Bor-Atomen beruht. Die Tetraborid-Struktur wird auf der Grundlage tetraedrischer Einheiten gedeutet; sie weist ein Strukturgerüst auf, das den Verbindungen der MB4-, M3B2- und M2B-Typen gemeinsam ist.
Modellierung eines Smart High-Side Power ICs
Authors: Blank Mathias , Glück Tobias , Kugi Andreas , Kreuter Hans-Peter
Published: February 2021

Dieser Beitrag behandelt die mathematische Modellierung eines Smart High-Side Power ICs. Smart Power ICs sind Leistungsschalter mit integrierten Regelungs- und Schutzfunktionen. Ausgehend von der vollständigen Schaltung des ICs wird eine für die Systemanalyse und den Reglerentwurf geeignete Ersatzschaltung abgeleitet und mathematisch modelliert. Damit ist es möglich, das Großsignalverhalten des Smart Power ICs mit Hilfe eines Differentialgleichungssystems fünfter Ordnung zu beschreiben. Anhand von Simulationsergebnissen wird das mathematische Modell mit der vollständigen Schaltung verglichen.
LTI Modell arbiträrer wechselrichtergeführter Inselnetze
Authors: Jostock Markus , Sachau Jürgen , Tuttas Christian
Published: February 2021

Der Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung eines regelungstechnischen
Modells wechselrichtergeführter Inselnetze. Der hier vorgestellte
strukturierte Ansatz bildet auf Basis der Zustandsraumdarstellung
eines Wechselrichters ein multi-Wechselrichtermodell und verknüpft
dieses mit der Strukturinformation der Knoteninzidenzmatrix zu einem
geschlossenen Inselnetzmodell. Das Verfahren ermöglicht die Erstellung
von Modellen mit beliebig strukturierten Netzen und großer Anzahl
unterschiedlicher Wechselrichtermodelle im NS-Netz. Abschließend wird
eine Stabilitätsanalyse eines Beispielnetzes präsentiert.
Synthesis, radiolabeling and quality control of 111In-DOTA-bevacizumab for radioimmunoscintigraphy of VEGF receptors
Authors: Khorami-Moghadam A. , Jalilian A. R. , Yavari K. , Alirezapour B. , Mazidi M. , Mirzaii M.
Published: February 2021

In this study, bevacizumab was successively labeled with 111In-InCl3 after conjugation with DOTA-NHS-ester followed by molecular filtration and determination of the average number ofDOTAconjugated per mAb (6 : 1) by spectrophotometric method. Radiochemical purity (> 97%, measured by ITLC and HPLC), integrity of protein after radiolabeling (gel electrophoresis) and stability of 111In-DOTA-Bevacizumab (in final formulation, human serum, liver/kidney homogenates) were determined in 24-72 h as well as biodistribution studies in wild-type rats and human colon cancer (SW-480) bearing mice. The accumulation of the radiolabeled antibody was consistent with the former reported Bevacizumab conjugates. Significant tumor uptake (8%) was observed at 72 h p.i. Tumor/muscle uptake ratios were 2.6 (24 h), 9.74 (48 h) and 25 (72 h). 111In- DOTA-Bevacizumab was prepared as a SPECT molecular imaging agent for diagnosis and follow-up of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression in oncology.
Electrolytic partitioning of uranium and plutonium based on a new type of electrolytic mixer-settler
Authors: Yuan Z. , Yan T. , Zheng W. , Zuo C. , Li H. , Bian X. , Zhang B. , Li C. , Cao Z. , Xian L. , Di Y. , Liu F.
Published: February 2021

The design of a new type of electroreduction mixer-settler for the partitioning of uranium and plutonium during the Purex process, which is featured with E-shaped cathodes and U-shaped anodes in settling chamber, is described and the operational results achieved using this equipment are presented. The results show that this new type of mixer-settler has excellent separation performances. The flow rate of organic feed solution is 3 mL/min and the flow ratio of feed solution (1BF) to aqueous back extraction stream (1BX) and to organic wash stream (1BS) is 4/1/1. For an organic feed of 84 g/L uranium and 1.40 ⁓ 2.64 g/L plutonium, both the separation factor of plutonium from uranium and that of uranium from plutonium are apparently higher than 104