bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theories of Aging and the Prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Trevisan Kaynara , Cristina-Pereira Renata , Silva-Amaral Danyelle , Aversi-Ferreira Tales Alexandre
Published: June 2019

Objective. Aging and AD are associated in some way, then it is reasonable to ask whether or not it is possible to age without AD inexorably appearing at any moment, depending on the period of life. Therefore, the goal of this review is to verify, in light of some aging theories, the prevalence of AD.Methods. For the purpose of this manuscript, the indexersAlzheimer,aging,Alzheimer, andagingwere considered;theories of agingwere researched. The research was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Elsevier, and Google Scholar.Results. The most common subjects in the papers analyzed for this manuscript were aging and Alzheimer’s disease. The association between Alzheimer and theories of aging seems inconclusive.Conclusions. Accordingly, the general idea is that AD is associated with aging in such a way that almost all people will present this disease; however, it is plausible to consider that the increase in life expectancy will generate a high prevalence of AD. In a general sense, it seems that the theories of aging explain the origin of AD under superlative and catastrophic considerations and use more biomolecular data than social or behavioral data as the bases of analysis, which may be the problem.
Extensive Phenotyping for Potential Weight-Inducing Factors in an Outpatient Population with Obesity
Authors: Savas Mesut , Wester Vincent L. , Visser Jenny A. , Kleinendorst Lotte , van der Zwaag Bert , van Haelst Mieke M. , van den Akker Erica L.T. , van Rossum Elisabeth F.C.
Published: June 2019

Background: Obesity has been associated with miscellaneous weight-inducing determinants. A comprehensive assessment of known obesity-related factors other than diet and physical activity within one cohort is currently lacking. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of potential contributors to obesity and self-reported triggers for marked weight gain in an adult population with obesity and between obesity classes. Methods: In this observational cohort study, we assessed 408 persons with obesity (aged 41.3 ± 14.2 years, BMI 40.5 ± 6.2) visiting our obesity clinic. They were evaluated for use of weight-inducing drugs, hormonal abnormalities, menarcheal age, (high) birth weight, sleep deprivation, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). We additionally assessed self-reported triggers for marked weight gain and performed genetic testing in patients suspected of genetic obesity. Results: Nearly half of the patients were using a potentially weight-inducing drug, which was also the most reported trigger for marked weight gain. For the assessed hormonal conditions, a relatively high prevalence was found for hypothyroidism (14.1%), polycystic ovary syndrome (12.0%), and male hypogonadism (41.7%). A relatively low average menarcheal age (12.6 ± 1.8 years) was reported, whereas there was a high prevalence of a high birth weight (19.5%). Sleep deprivation and OSAS were reported in, respectively, 14.5 and 13.7% of the examined patients. Obesity class appeared to have no influence on the majority of the assessed factors. Of the genetically analyzed patients, a definitive genetic diagnosis was made in 3 patients (1.9%). Conclusions: A thorough evaluation of patients with obesity yields a relatively high prevalence of various potentially weight-inducing factors. Diagnostic screening of patients with obesity could therefore benefit these patients by potentially reducing the social stigma and improving the outcomes of obesity treatment programs by tackling, where possible, the weight-inducing factors in advance.
Attitudes Towards Adapted Lifestyle-Integrated Functional Exercise Developed for 60–70-Year-Olds: Perceptions of Participants and Trainers
Authors: Boulton Elisabeth , Weber Michaela , Hawley-Hague Helen , Bergquist Ronny , Van Ancum Jeanine , Jonkman Nini H. , Taraldsen Kristin , Helbostad Jorunn L. , Maier Andrea B. , Becker Clemens , Todd Chris , Clemson Lindy , Schwenk Michael
Published: June 2019

Background: Time commitments, limited access, or unwillingness to join a group are some of the many reasons for low adherence to structured exercise in older adults. A promising alternative approach is integrating exercise into daily routines. Objective: This study tested whether an adapted Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise (aLiFE) programme is suitable for adults aged 60–70 years. Methods: The aLiFE approach was evaluated by interviews and focus-groups with participants and trainers following 4-week pre-post intervention pilot study. For data analyses, Framework Approach was used. Coding was managed using NVivo, and subsequently organised into overarching themes. Results: Twenty women and 11 men (mean age 66.4 ± 2.7 years) and 6 trainers (30.0 ± 6.2 years; 5 women) participated. Both participants and trainers were positive about the programme. Participants understood the concept of integrating balance, strength and physical activities into daily lives and valued the individual tailoring in the programme, the preventive approach, and the support of trainers. Trainers valued the flexible approach and peer support between trainers. However, both participants and trainers disliked the extensive study paperwork and reported some challenges to integrate activities into daily routines during the compressed intervention: busy and varied lifestyles, embarrassment performing activities in public, pain, difficulty of specific activities. Participants noted habitualisation of some activities within the short intervention period, even without continuous self-monitoring. Conclusions: aLiFE is a highly acceptable intervention amongst adults aged 60–70 years. Trainers are especially relevant as motivators and support providers. The effectiveness of the aLiFE approach should be tested in a randomised controlled trial.
Dystrophic Calcification of the Bladder after Photovaporization of the Prostate with GreenLightTM Laser 180 W: A Case Report
Authors: Barco-Castillo Catalina , Santander Jessica , Bravo-Balado Alejandra , Zuluaga Laura , López Rocio , Trujillo Carlos Gustavo , Caicedo Juan Ignacio , Serrano Adolfo , Plata Mauricio
Published: June 2019

A 69-year-old patient who underwent photovaporization of the prostate (PVP) with GreenLightTM Laser presented chronic abdominal pain, in the following and after 7 months, an abdominal MRI showed a bladder mass and the cystoscopy revealed an 8 cm of diameter grayish mass of the anterior wall and the dome. Malignancy, infectious, and granulomatous diseases were ruled out. Biopsy showed necrotic tissue and dystrophic calcification (DC) with crystals and Gram-positive cocci, so a transurethral resection was intended failed due to the mass hard consistency and size. The patient was taken to partial cystectomy and the pain resolved. DC is defined as inappropriate deposits of calcium phosphate salts in previously damaged tissue by different forms of trauma: burns, radiotherapy, and surgery. We suggest the DC process is linked to a previous thermal lesion of the bladder during PVP and believe future studies of association can be relevant.
Estradiol Protects Neuropeptide Y/Agouti-Related Peptide Neurons against Insulin Resistance in Females
Authors: Qiu Jian , Bosch Martha A. , Zhang Chungang , Rønnekleiv Oline K. , Kelly Martin J.
Published: June 2019

When it comes to obesity, men exhibit a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome than women in early adult life, but this sex advantage wanes in postmenopausal women. A key diagnostic of the metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance in both peripheral tissues and brain, especially in the hypothalamus. Since the anorexigenic hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) regulates food intake in part by inhibiting the excitability of the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide (NPY/AgRP) neurons, we hypothesized that E2 would protect against insulin resistance in NPY/AgRP neurons with diet-induced obesity (DIO). Therefore, we did whole-cell recordings and single cell quantitative polymerase chain reaction in arcuate NPYGFP neurons from both female and male mice to test the efficacy of insulin with DIO. The resting membrane potential and input resistance of NPY/AgRP neurons were significantly increased in DIO versus control-diet fed males. Most notably, the efficacy of insulin to activate KATP channels in NPY/AgRP neurons was significantly attenuated, although the KATP channel opener diazoxide was fully effective in NPY/AgRP neurons from DIO males, indicating that the KATP channels were expressed and functional. In contrast, insulin was fully efficacious to activate KATP channels in DIO females, and the response was reversed by the KATP channel blocker tolbutamide. However, the ability of insulin to activate KATP channels was abrogated with ovariectomy but fully restored with E2 replacement. Insulin resistance in obese males was likely mediated by an increase in suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3), protein tyrosine phosphatase B (PTP1B) and T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) activity, since the expression of all 3 mRNAs were upregulated in the obese males but not in females. As proof of principle, pre-incubation of hypothalamic slices from DIO males with the PTP1B/TCPTP inhibitor CX08005 completely rescued the effects of insulin. Therefore, E2 protects NPY/AgRP neurons in females against insulin resistance through, at least in part, attenuating phosphatase activity. The neuroprotective effects of E2 may explain sex differences in the expression of metabolic syndrome that disappears with the loss of E2 in aging.
РОЛЬ МЕДИЧНОЇ СЕСТРИ В ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ПРОФІЛАКТИЧНИХ ЗАХОДІВ У ХВОРИХ НА ХРОНІЧНЕ ОБСТРУКТИВНЕ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯ ЛЕГЕНЬ
Authors: Bushynska I. V. , Nabesna H. I. , Zhukovska M. M. , Krynytska I. Ya. , Marushchak M. I.
Published: June 2019

У статті проаналізовано вплив розробленого навчального курсу на самопочуття хворих на хронічне обструктив­не захворювання легень до і після проведеного навчання. Воно складалося з загальної та спеціальної частини. У загальній частині розглядали питання, які орієнтовані на ведення здорового способу життя (відмову від куріння та алкоголю), організацію умов праці та побуту, первинну та вторинну профілактику захворювань, пропаганду занять фізкультурою та спортом, пропаганду вакцинації проти грипу, показ мультимедійного навчального курсу із ХОЗЛ, вивчення причин загострення хронічного обструктив­ного захворювання легень та методів їх попередження, обговорення необхідності адекватного та регулярного лікування.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДОГЛЯДУ ЗА НОВОНАРОДЖЕНИМИ З УРОДЖЕНИМИ ВАДАМИ ТРАВНОГО ТРАКТУ
Authors: Voronovа L. A.
Published: June 2019

У статті розкрито особливості догляду за новонародженими з уродженими вадами травного тракту в хірургічних стаціонарах.
НАВЧАННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ: ОЦІНКА АДАПТАЦІЙНО-ПРИСТОСУВАЛЬНИХ МЕХАНІЗМІВ
Authors: Petrenko N. V. , Bohdanets I. O.
Published: June 2019

У статті наведено результати дослідження типу особистості та темпераменту та їх вплив на адаптацію студентів до навчального процесу.
ПІДЛІТКОВА ВАГІТНІСТЬ – НЕЗНАННЯ ЧИ НЕДБАЛІСТЬ?
Authors: Nakonechna M. V. , Petrenko N. V.
Published: June 2019

У статті проаналізовано знання підлітків у сфері статевого виховання та їхній досвід у статевих стосунках.
ЖИТТЯ З ЦУКРОВИМ ДІАБЕТОМ
Authors: Shchegol I. M.
Published: June 2019

У статті розкрито необхідність лікування цукрового діабету, висвітлено ускладнення, які є наслідком цього захворювання, запропоновано заходи, необхідні для подовження тривалості життя при ньому.
Atividades tradutórias para ensino de alemão: uma análise baseada em argumentos contrários à tradução no ensino línguas estrangeiras
Authors: Evangelista Maria Cristina Reckziegel Guedes
Published: June 2019

A tradução pode ser considerada um recurso metodológico para o ensino de línguas estrangeiras, sendo que diferentes pesquisas apresentam múltiplas propostas didáticometodológicas para sua inserção em contextos de ensino/aprendizagem. No entanto, a manutenção dos argumentos contrários ao uso da tradução nesse âmbito sugere que essas pesquisas não são suficientemente conhecidas. Este artigo apresenta uma análise de atividades de tradução voltadas para o ensino da língua alemã, extraídas de uma bibliografia em língua alemã sobre esse tema, compilada nos últimos anos. Verificou-se de que modo essas atividades são propostas e se estão relacionadas aos papéis atribuídos historicamente à tradução no ensino de línguas. Visou-se identificar, nas atividades, características que permitam confirmar ou refutar críticas contrárias ao uso da tradução no ensino. A bibliografia estudada contém propostas de reformulação de atividades de tradução utilizadas anteriormente, assim como novas ideias e sugestões. Observa-se que a tradução continua a fazer parte das práticas em sala de aula e que, por influência de perspectivas mais recentes sobre o ensino de línguas, as formas de utilizá-la são constantemente modificadas, de modo que as críticas existentes não se justificam. A pesquisa visa contribuir para divulgação de novas formas de utilização da tradução no ensino de alemão como língua estrangeira.
A imaginação romântica como neurose? O debate freudiano sobre o animismo e a questão do olhar em E. T. A. Hoffmann
Authors: Silva Felipe Vale da , Costa Sabrine Ferreira da
Published: June 2019

O trabalho retoma a análise freudiana de Der Sandmann, presente num ensaio de 1919 que se provou paradigmático para as interpretações futuras da obra de E. T. A. Hoffmann. No dito ensaio, o pai da psicanálise faz diversos juízos sobre a construção argumentativa da novela romântica que, nos estudos literários, vêm sendo indevidamente atribuídos ao próprio Hoffmann. Seu programa estético supostamente seria aquele de um analista dos mecanismos psíquicos de suas personagens, revelando-o como um curioso conhecedor avant la lettre das teorias psicanalíticas. É como se a criação de um imaginário horripilante que caracteriza sua prosaservisse a um impulso interpretativo das áreas ocultas da psique a fim de detrair tendências irracionalistas e animistas de suas personagens. A crítica freudiana ao animismo é um dos aspectos mais contestados por estudiosos recentes como Bruno Latour e Isabelle Stengers e, por isso, retomaremos seus argumentos num segundo momento. Então, alguns de seus argumentos serão retomados em um segundo momento do artigo para que possamos voltar a Hoffmann e reinterpretar sua estética como uma defesa de certo tipo de animismo, para além dos paradigmas psicanalíticos que nunca cessaram de o ensombrar.
Projeto Novela: uma abordagem comunicativa e intercultural no ensino de alemão como língua estrangeira
Authors: Aquino Marceli
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo visa refletir sobre práticas didáticas comunicativas e interculturais no ensino de alemão como língua estrangeira. No sentido de trabalhar língua e cultura de maneira integrada, atentando especialmente nas necessidades comunicativas e interesse dos aprendizes, desenvolveu-se o projeto Novela, na disciplina Língua Alemã II, do curso de graduação de Letras da Universidade de São Paulo. Este projeto propôs uma releitura atual das telenovelas brasileiras, onde os aprendizes foram incentivados a produzir os episódios, narrativas sequenciais, aplicando o conhecimento de alemão adquirido e fazendo uso de materiais autênticos, tais como quadrinhos, música, conversas por SMS e WhatsApp, vídeos, entre outros. Ao abarcar todos os três aspectos delimitados por Weissenberg (2012) para um ensino focado no desenvolvimento de competências e necessidades de aprendizagem, o projeto possibilitou que os estudantes se sentissem (co)responsáveis pelo processo de aquisição e transmissão do conhecimento, tendo impactos positivos em sua motivação e senso de responsabilidade. Por fim, os resultados obtidos sugerem que tarefas que incentivam o uso de habilidades e estratégias comunicativas, além do seu potencial como ferramenta para uma aprendizagem integrativa, podem promover discussões interculturais relevantes.
Motivações e expectativas profissionais dos estudantes de pós-graduação em Letras (Língua e Literatura Alemã) no Brasil
Authors: Redel Elisângela , Martiny Franciele , Garcia André
Published: June 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as motivações e expectativas profissionais dos estudantes do curso de Pós-Graduação em Língua e Literatura Alemã de uma universidade pública brasileira no estado de São Paulo. A investigação foi realizada com base em um questionário respondido por 20 discentes do curso de pós-graduação dos programas de mestrado e doutorado daquela instituição em 2017, visando identificar os motivos que os levaram a optar por essa carreira e suas perspectivas de desenvolvimento profissional na área. A fundamentação teórica advém da perspectiva dos estudos de crenças discentes (SILVA 2007; BARCELOS 2001), mais especificamente dos estudos de crenças de alunos acerca da aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras. A metodologia da pesquisa corresponde a um paradigma híbrido (MAYRING 2015; KUCKARTZ 2014; 2016) com características de pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa. Os resultados apontam que os participantes do contexto investigado são, em grande parte, jovens com o desejo de atuar no ensino superior na área de sua formação. Porém, mesmo que o programa em que participam atenda de modo geral suas expectativas, há preocupações a respeito das dificuldades enfrentadas pela educação brasileira atual, algo que se expressa principalmente pela baixa valorização do papel e função docentes.
Cohort Study of Repeated Measurements of Serum Urate and Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Li Shanshan , Cheng Jin , Cui Liufu , Gurol M. Edip , Bhatt Deepak L. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Xing Aijun , Xia YunLong , Wu Shouling , Gao Xiang
Published: June 2019

Background

Current evidence on the association between serum urate and risk of atrial fibrillation (
AF
) is limited by cross‐sectional designs and 1‐time measurement of serum urate. The roles of serum urate, gout‐related inflammation, and systemic inflammation in the etiology of
AF
are currently unknown. This gap is important, given that systemic inflammation is a recognized risk factor for
AF
.

Methods and Results

We conducted a prospective cohort study of 123 238 Chinese patients from 2006 to 2014. Serum urate concentrations were measured in 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012. Incident
AF
cases were identified via biennial 12‐lead ECG assessment. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to examine the sex‐specific associations of cumulative average serum urate and changes in serum urate accounting for baseline level with risk of incident
AF
. We also assessed the joint associations of serum urate and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels. Comparing extreme categories, participants with the highest quintile of serum urate had 1.91‐fold higher risk of
AF
(adjusted hazard ratio: 1.91; 95% CI, 1.32–2.76;
P
=0.001 for trend). Participants with both high serum urate and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein had 2.6‐fold elevated risk of incident
AF
compared with those with normal levels of serum urate and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.63; 95%
CI,
1.63–4.23).

Conclusions

High serum urate levels and increases in serum urate over time were associated with increased risk of incident
AF
. Patients with high levels of both serum urate and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein had substantially higher risk of
AF
.
Network remodeling induced by transcranial brain stimulation: A computational model of tDCS-triggered cell assembly formation
Authors: Lu Han , Gallinaro Júlia V. , Rotter Stefan
Published: June 2019

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a variant of noninvasive neuromodulation, which promises treatment for brain diseases like major depressive disorder. In experiments, long-lasting aftereffects were observed, suggesting that persistent plastic changes are induced. The mechanism underlying the emergence of lasting aftereffects, however, remains elusive. Here we propose a model, which assumes that tDCS triggers a homeostatic response of the network involving growth and decay of synapses. The cortical tissue exposed to tDCS is conceived as a recurrent network of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, with synapses subject to homeostatically regulated structural plasticity. We systematically tested various aspects of stimulation, including electrode size and montage, as well as stimulation intensity and duration. Our results suggest that transcranial stimulation perturbs the homeostatic equilibrium and leads to a pronounced growth response of the network. The stimulated population eventually eliminates excitatory synapses with the unstimulated population, and new synapses among stimulated neurons are grown to form a cell assembly. Strong focal stimulation tends to enhance the connectivity within new cell assemblies, and repetitive stimulation with well-chosen duty cycles can increase the impact of stimulation even further. One long-term goal of our work is to help in optimizing the use of tDCS in clinical applications.
Attention-Passing Models for Robust and Data-Efficient End-to-End Speech Translation
Authors: Sperber Matthias , Neubig Graham , Niehues Jan , Waibel Alex
Published: June 2019

Speech translation has traditionally been approached through cascaded models consisting of a speech recognizer trained on a corpus of transcribed speech, and a machine translation system trained on parallel texts. Several recent works have shown the feasibility of collapsing the cascade into a single, direct model that can be trained in an end-to-end fashion on a corpus of translated speech. However, experiments are inconclusive on whether the cascade or the direct model is stronger, and have only been conducted under the unrealistic assumption that both are trained on equal amounts of data, ignoring other available speech recognition and machine translation corpora.

In this paper, we demonstrate that direct speech translation models require more data to perform well than cascaded models, and although they allow including auxiliary data through multi-task training, they are poor at exploiting such data, putting them at a severe disadvantage. As a remedy, we propose the use of end- to-end trainable models with two attention mechanisms, the first establishing source speech to source text alignments, the second modeling source to target text alignment. We show that such models naturally decompose into multi-task–trainable recognition and translation tasks and propose an attention-passing technique that alleviates error propagation issues in a previous formulation of a model with two attention stages. Our proposed model outperforms all examined baselines and is able to exploit auxiliary training data much more effectively than direct attentional models.
The Ee ja nai ka and the Meiji Restoration
Authors: Miura Takashi
Published: June 2019

Hosono Yōsai 細 野 要 斎 (1811–1878), an Owari domain official, left a voluminous diary titled Kankyō manpitsu 感興漫筆 (Random Jottings Composed at Leisure), containing accounts from 1836 to 1878. Entries addressing the late months of 1867 describe the ee ja nai ka ええじゃないか phenomenon that developed in Nagoya. Yōsai’s portrayals of the ee ja nai ka contradict its received image as a rowdy pandemonium in which the populace expressed their resentment against the Tokugawa regime. Rather, what we see is a series of localized religious activities commemorating talismans (ofuda お札) that reportedly fell from the sky, many of them representing deities particularly popular in Nagoya. Based on an examination of Kankyō manpitsu, this article argues that the relationship between the ee ja nai ka and the Meiji Restoration must be evaluated on a region-specific basis and that the narrative of the Meiji Restoration is not directly relevant to understanding the nature of the ee ja nai ka in Nagoya.
What Russia Can Teach Us about Power and Influence in World Politics
Authors: Melville Andrei , Akhremenko Andrei , Mironyuk Mikhail
Published: June 2019

There is a striking opposition within the current discourse on Russia’s position in the world. On the one hand, there are well-known arguments about Russia’s “weak hand” (relatively small and stagnating economy, vulnerability to sanctions, technological backwardness, deteriorating demography, corruption, bad institutions, etc.). On the other hand, Russia is accused of “global revisionism”, attempts to reshape and undermine the liberal world order, and Western democracy itself. There seems to be a paradox: Russia with a perceived decline of major resources of national power, exercises dramatically increased international influence. This paradox of power and/or influence is further explored. This paper introduces a new complex Index of national power. On the basis of ratings of countries authors compare the dynamics of distribution of power in the world with a focus on Russia’s national power in world politics since 1995. The analysis brings evidence that the cumulative resources of Russia’s power in international affairs did not increase during the last two decades. However, Russia’s influence in world politics has significantly increased as demonstrated by assertive foreign policy in different parts of the world and its perception by the international political community and the public. Russia remains a major power in today’s world, although some of its power resources are stagnating or decreasing in comparison to the US and rising China. To compensate for weaknesses Russia is using both traditional and nontraditional capabilities of international influence.
Puya colcaensis (Bromeliaceae) a new species from southern Peru
Authors: TREVIÑO-ZEVALLOS ITALO F. , QUIPUSCOA SILVESTRE VICTOR , GOUDA ERIC J.
Published: June 2019

Puya colcaensis is described and illustrated as a new species found in the Province of Caylloma (Arequipa) in southern Peru. This species has a compound inflorescence, bluish-green flowers, with pedicels smaller than 1.5 cm, which are exceeded by the floral bracts, and sepals with dense stellate trichomes. It is similar to P. araneosa and P. adscendens.
New data on the genus Ascaphium Lewis (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scaphidiinae) of China
Authors: HE WEN-JIA , TANG LIANG , LI LI-ZHEN
Published: June 2019

Three species of genus Ascaphium are recorded from China, including Ascaphium longlingense He, Tang & Li, sp. nov. and A. ingentis He, Tang & Li, sp. nov. from Yunnan Province. The male of Ascaphium alticola Löbl is discovered and described for the first time. A key to Ascaphium species of China is provided.
A new species of Periclimenes (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Guarapari, Espirito Santo, Brazil
Authors: DE GRAVE S.
Published: June 2019

A new species of pontoniine shrimp, Periclimenes guarapari sp. nov., is described from Espirito Santo, Brazil. The new species belongs to the P. iridescens complex and is closely related to P. iridescens, from which it may be distinguished by the armature of the second pereiopod and differences in the spination of the third pereiopod. The hosts of P. guarapari sp. nov. are the plexaurid gorgonians, Muricea flammea and Plexaurella grandiflora.
Comparative larval morphology of eight species of Hypsiboas Wagler (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) from Argentina and Uruguay, with a review of the larvae of this genus
Authors: KOLENC FRANCISCO , BORTEIRO CLAUDIO , ALCALDE LEANDRO , BALDO DIEGO , CARDOZO DARIO , FAIVOVICH JULIÁN
Published: June 2019

We studied the external and oral cavity morphology of the tadpoles of eight species of Hypsiboas in the H. albopunctatus, H. faber, H. punctatus and H. pulchellus species groups. After a review of the available information about larval external and oral cavity morphology, no character state seems to be synapomorphic for Hypsiboas. The presence of a fleshy projection in the inner margin of the nostrils and rounded vacuities of the anteromedial surface of the choanae (pending the confirmation of the latter in Hyloscirtus and Myersiohyla) seems to be synapomorphic for the tribe Cophomantini, as previously noticed by other authors. Some putative synapomorphies are suggested for some species groups of Hypsiboas, but a denser sampling is needed to study the taxonomic distribution of these character states, in order to determine which clades they may support. The presence of lateral flaps with labial teeth in the oral disc is a variable feature of many species in the H. faber and H. pulchellus groups. A spiracular tube free from the body wall is present in some species, mostly in the H. albopunctatus group, but also in the H. rufitelus, H. faber and H. pulchellus groups. Unique ventrolateral cumules of neuromasts are present in H. faber, and also in some species of other groups of Hypsiboas and of the sister genus Aplastodiscus. Our results highlight the importance of studying the taxonomic distribution of many character states that were sometimes overlooked in tadpole descriptions but seem relevant to test phylogenetic hypothesis.
On revised systematic status of Mycalesis suaveolens kagina Fruhstorfer, 1911, with notes on its immature biology and hostplant associations
Authors: HSU YU-FENG , LU CHIH-CHIEN , LIN RUNG-JUEN , HUANG HANG-CHI , LU CHEN-CHIH , LIANG JIA-YUAN
Published: June 2019

Mycalesis kagina Fruhstorfer, 1911 is separated from Mycalesis suaveolens Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1883 to represent a species endemic to Taiwan based upon COI barcode divergence, morphological diagnosis of larva, and genitalia of both sexes. Both kagina and suaveolens are confirmed as members of the genus Mycalesis in Mycalesina. Immature morphology, biology, and hostplant associations for both species are given for the first time. Larvae of both species are recognized as specialists on Zingiberaceae, a plant family rarely used by satyrid butterflies.
Measurement and data processing from Internet of Things modules by dual-core application using ESP32 board
Authors: Foltýnek Petr , Babiuch Marek , Šuránek Pavel
Published: June 2019

The contribution describes the application of an Internet of Things device with an ESP32 microcontroller with the dual-core implementation of data processing and wireless communication. The first leading idea of using low-end hardware and software optimization to create software architecture in order to make the most of this hardware and reduce the cost of more expensive hardware solutions was tested. Our goal in architectural design was achieved. We created the basis of a general framework and defined its use scenarios, and then implemented these scenarios using components. This article describes the progressive development of our embedded vibration measurement testing system, on which we tested the individual software components for our framework. We created an application for our components using ESP32 processor cores, which divided the responsibility of these cores for the components of our framework.
Canada, the International Criminal Court, and the intersection of international politics and finances
Authors: Fisher Kirsten J. , Sarkany Laszlo
Published: June 2019

In 2018, Prime Minister Trudeau made two announcements regarding the International Criminal Court, both, it seems, aimed at reinforcing Canada’s claim of human rights promotion and multilateralism: Canada declared Myanmar’s actions against the Rohingya people genocide and urged the United Nations Security Council to refer the situation to the International Criminal Court, and it joined a collective referral of the Venezuela situation to the Court. As public measures of support, these are positive developments for the International Criminal Court, which has been suffering poor public relations and challenges to its legitimacy. However, Canada could do more by better supporting the financial viability of the Court. Currently, it aims to increase the Court’s workload without supporting an increased budget, as reflected in Canada’s involvement at the December 2018 Assembly of States Parties meeting. A seemingly sure way to undermine the International Criminal Court would be to add to its workload without ensuring it has the financial resources to do the work.
Preparation and characterization of poly(3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) nanocomposite using organophilic montmorillonite clay (Mag-cetyltrimethylammonium)
Authors: Embarek Nadia , Sahli Nabahat , Belbachir Mohammed
Published: June 2019

Nanocomposites of linear poly(3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) based on Algerian natural organophilic clay: montmorillonite–cetyltrimethylammonium named Maghnite-CTA were prepared by enhancing the dispersion of the matrix polymer in sheets of the organoclay. The effect of the organoclay, used with different amounts (3, 5, and 7% by weight) and the preparation method were studied in order to determine and evaluate their structural, morphological and thermal properties. X-ray diffraction analysis of obtained nanocomposites showed a significant change in the distance interlayer of montmorillonite–cetyltrimethylammonium. Therefore, interlayer expansion and exfoliation of linear poly(3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) between layers of montmorillonite–cetyltrimethylammonium were observed. The thermal properties of the prepared nanocomposites were given by thermogravimetric analysis. The structure and morphology of the obtained materials were determined respectively by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electronic microscopy. The results obtained have approved the privilege of the intercalation of linear poly(3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) in the interface of montmorillonite–cetyltrimethylammonium and the best quantity of organoclay required to prepare nanocomposite with a high thermal stability is 5% (by weight).
Personification of Death: What Types of Death Are Personified by Macabre, Gentle Comforter, Gay Deceiver, and Automaton?
Authors: Kang Youngjin
Published: June 2019

Kastenbaum and Aisenberg identified a phenomenon, wherein American subjects personified death in four distinctive figures: Macabre, Gentle Comforter, Gay Deceiver, and Automaton. Until recently, though, researchers did not attempt to answer the question, “What specific aspects of the death experience can be attributed to each of those four personifications?” To answer this question, the current qualitative research asked individuals to envision the causes, places, and contexts of death after imagining each personification of death. The results have revealed that people associated each personification of death with distinct causes, places, and contexts of death: Macabre—murder taking place outside the home, Gentle Comforter—peaceful death by old age at home, Gay Deceiver—death from heart attack, and Automaton—death from cancer in a modern hospital. This article also discusses unanswered questions, limitations, and directions to take its research in the future.
Innovative applications of waste cooking oil as raw material
Authors: Mannu Alberto , Ferro Monica , Pietro Maria Enrica Di , Mele Andrea
Published: June 2019

The consideration towards waste cooking oils is changing from hazardous waste to valuable raw material for industrial application. During the last 5 years, some innovative processes based on the employment of recycled waste cooking oil have appeared in the literature. In this review article, the most recent and innovative applications of recycled waste cooking oil are reported and discussed. These include the production of bioplasticizers, the application of chemicals derived from waste cooking oils as energy vectors and the use of waste cooking oils as a solvent for pollutant agents.
South African isiXhosa traditional healer self-identification, training, practices, and their perceptions of collaboration with medical providers: an exploratory study
Authors: van der Watt Alberta Susanna Johanna , Das-Brailsford Priscilla , Mbanga Irene , Seedat Soraya
Published: June 2019

In South Africa, traditional healers treat a wide range of health-related problems and culture-bound syndromes considered non-responsive to Western medicine. Given the widespread use of traditional medicine in treating common mental disorders, especially among low-income groups, it is important to explore the self-identification, training, and practices of traditional healers. We also explored traditional healers’ perceptions of collaboration with Western health care institutions (hospitals, clinics). IsiXhosa traditional healers ( n = 50, female = 40, mean age = 52.7 years, SD = 14.7 years) were interviewed using both a structured and a semi-structured interview schedule, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Data were analysed using SPSS version 24 and Statistica. Interview notes were typed soon after each interview and thematically analysed. Participants described similar experiences regarding the three steps of becoming a traditional healer and treating clients with mental illness using herbs (90%), candles (82%), and prayer (78%). Self-identification as a spiritualist or sangoma, and type of church attended (African Initiated vs. Mainline Christian) were both significantly associated with traditional healers’ mode of diagnosis and/or treatment. Participants were open about collaborating with Western health care institutions around treating mental health issues. However, this was hampered by mistrust, as evidenced in the reluctance of a few participants to share detailed information about treatment methods.
Public Management in Rural Local Governments: An Assessment of Institutional Differences and Implications
Authors: Helpap David J.
Published: June 2019

Rural America often is portrayed in one of two ways. The first recalls quintessential American main streets—safe, friendly, and situated in picturesque landscapes. The second depicts empty storefronts, public health crises, and resentment toward change. Within this complex picture of rural life, however, are municipalities that must be managed. This research examines the use of a professional administrator by rural communities and the degree to which the position is correlated with public expenditures. Results indicate that use of a professional administrator is correlated with population, partisanship, education, and wealth, but its effect on expenditures appears limited.
Sounding Gay, Speaking as a “Fag”: Auditory Gaydar and the Perception of Reclaimed Homophobic Language
Authors: Fasoli Fabio , Hegarty Peter , Carnaghi Andrea
Published: June 2019

Reclaiming implies that homophobic labels used by gay individuals are perceived as less offensive and their use as empowering speakers. We examined whether listeners in Italy and Britain perceived homophobic labels as “reclaimed” when men’s voices implied their homosexuality. Gay and straight male speakers used neutral or homophobic labels referring to themselves or another. Homophobic labels were offensive when used by straight speakers and when labelling others. Gay speakers self-labelling with homophobic labels were not perceived as more powerful.
What does computational fluid dynamics tell us about intracranial aneurysms? A meta-analysis and critical review
Authors: Saqr Khalid M , Rashad Sherif , Tupin Simon , Niizuma Kuniyasu , Hassan Tamer , Tominaga Teiji , Ohta Makoto
Published: June 2019

Despite the plethora of published studies on intracranial aneurysms (IAs) hemodynamic using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), limited progress has been made towards understanding the complex physics and biology underlying IA pathophysiology. Guided by 1733 published papers, we review and discuss the contemporary IA hemodynamics paradigm established through two decades of IA CFD simulations. We have traced the historical origins of simplified CFD models which impede the progress of comprehending IA pathology. We also delve into the debate concerning the Newtonian fluid assumption used to represent blood flow computationally. We evidently demonstrate that the Newtonian assumption, used in almost 90% of studies, might be insufficient to describe IA hemodynamics. In addition, some fundamental properties of the Navier–Stokes equation are revisited in supplementary material to highlight some widely spread misconceptions regarding wall shear stress (WSS) and its derivatives. Conclusively, our study draws a roadmap for next-generation IA CFD models to help researchers investigate the pathophysiology of IAs.
Insights from thrombi retrieved in stroke due to large vessel occlusion
Authors: Bacigaluppi Marco , Semerano Aurora , Gullotta Giorgia Serena , Strambo Davide
Published: June 2019

The recent advances of endovascular procedures to treat stroke due to large cerebral vessel occlusion have made it possible to analyze the retrieved thrombus material. Analysis of cerebral thrombi is emerging as a relevant opportunity to complement the diagnostic workup of etiology, to develop new lytic approaches and to optimize the acute treatment of stroke due to large vessel occlusion. Nonetheless, retrieved thrombi are frequently discarded since their informative potential is often neglected and standards are missing. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge and expanding research relating to thrombus composition analysis in large vessel occlusions. We first discuss the heterogeneity of thrombogenic factors that underlie the thrombotic formation in stroke and its implications to identify stroke etiology and thrombus age. Further, we show that understanding structural characteristics of thrombus is pivotal for the development of new-targeted lytic therapies as well as to improve, through thrombus modeling, the development of thrombectomy devices. Finally, we discuss the on-going attempts to identify a signature of thrombus composition indirectly through imaging and peripheral blood biomarkers, which might in future assist treatment decision-making as well as secondary prevention. Thrombus analysis might contribute to the advancement and optimization of personalized stroke treatments.
The distribution of loose bodies determined on knee magnetic resonance imaging: joint compartments, recesses and bursae including arthroscopic blind spots
Authors: Gursoy Merve , Mete Berna Dirim , Dag Fatih , Bulut Tugrul
Published: June 2019

Background

Loose bodies are one of the most frequently seen pathological processes observed in the knee joint. Just as loose bodies may settle within the knee joint cavity, they may also be localized within recesses and bursae.

Purpose

To determine in which anatomic localizations and at what frequencies loose bodies were located in recesses and bursae within the knee joint. It was also aimed to review the radiological anatomy of the common and unusual knee joint synovial recesses and bursae including arthroscopic blind spots on MRI.

Material and Methods

A total of 145 loose bodies in 104 knees evaluated by MRI were identified. The locations of loose bodies around the knee joint were divided into 11 groups and some of these groups were divided into specific subgroups on MRI. The anatomic localizations, the number, and dimensions of loose bodies were determined.

Results

There were 145 loose bodies and 45 patients had one, 19 patients had two, and 40 patients had three or more loose bodies in different locations. The average size of loose bodies was 9.3 mm (range = 9–23 mm). Posterior cruciate ligament recess was the most frequent location; the subpopliteal recess was the second and posterior femoral recess was the third most common location for the loose bodies.

Conclusion

The correct identification, the number, size, and anatomic localization of loose bodies on MRI is critical in the determination of the appropriate treatment and, thus, the development of osteoarthritis can be prevented. Loose bodies were mostly localized in the posterior, primarily in the posterior cruciate ligament recess, most were multiple and < 1 cm.
Evaluating the Safety and Behavioral Impacts of Green Bike Lanes in Suburban Communities
Authors: LaMondia Jeffrey , McGhee Jacob , Fisher Mitchell , Cordero Fernando
Published: June 2019

A study of the effects on bicyclist and driver behavior when painting a bike lane green was conducted using video footage along East Thach Avenue in Auburn, Alabama. Whereas most previous studies on the implementation of green bike lanes have focused on primarily urban areas, this study aims to investigate the implications in a suburban community in eastern Alabama. Before and after data on vehicle speed, vehicle lateral location, and bicyclist lateral location were collected and two-sample t-tests were used to analyze the differences between each set of data. Analysis showed that with the addition of green paint to existing bike lanes, vehicle speeds dropped statistically significantly and motorists who were previously giving small amounts of passing space moved further away when passing a bicyclist. In addition, motorists who were previously driving in or near the bike lane when bicyclists were not present moved further toward the center of their lane. Together, these results indicate that the introduction of green paint to existing bike lanes in a suburban area has positive impacts on bicyclist–motorist interactions.
Safety and Efficacy of Supratherapeutic Doses of Clobazam
Authors: Gedela Sravya , Freedman Daniel A , Gedela Satyanarayana , Glynn Peter , Salvator Ann , Patel Anup D.
Published: June 2019

Clobazam is a commonly used long-acting benzodiazepine approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat seizures associated with Lennox Gastaut syndrome. The FDA approved maximum dosage of clobazam is 1 mg/kg/d or a total of 40 mg a day. Many providers exceed this dosage but there is limited data on the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of supratherapeutic doses. We reviewed retrospective data at our institution and compared patients on supratherapeutic doses to patients on therapeutic doses. A total of 133 patients met inclusion criteria (65 supratherapeutic, 67 therapeutic). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of seizure control, health care utilization, or side effects between patients on supratherapeutic doses and those on therapeutic doses. This study lends further support to the safety and tolerability of supratherapuetic doses of clobazam.
Revisiting Culture and Meaning-Making in World-Systems Analysis: A Proposal for Engaging with the Cultural Political Economy Approach
Authors: Mueller Jason C. , Schmidt Steven
Published: June 2019

World-systems analysis (WSA) understands socio-cultural phenomena as fundamental to the operation of global capitalism, whether through geocultures that sustain centrist liberalism, the emergence of capitalist subjectivities, or by generating structures of knowledge that bound political possibilities. Nonetheless, many scholars critique WSA’s treatment of culture as reductive and epiphenomenal. How can we theorize culture’s relationship to global capitalism without assuming that culture merely “dupes” participants into reproducing exploitative structures? In this article, we offer a critical evaluation of WSA’s treatment of culture and argue that its alleged failings can be ameliorated by adopting a cultural political economy (CPE) framework, an analytical approach that has developed separately from WSA. To do so, we outline WSA’s major theorizations of culture; namely, its discussion of global geocultures and structures of knowledge. Departing from existing critiques of WSA, we discuss the applicability of CPE, which examines how discourses both influence and are shaped by the material world. Using anti-systemic movements, populism, and race-making in the world-system as examples, we demonstrate how a CPE-oriented approach permits WSA to address its major cultural critiques. Broadly, we call for a theoretical co-mixing of CPE and WSA, allowing researchers to address the alleged cultural failings of world-systems scholarship.