bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wavelet Analysis of Atmospheric Turbulence over a Coral Reef Flat
Authors: Wiebe Andrew , Sturman Andrew , McGowan Hamish
Published: January 2011

The world’s tropical coral reefs are at risk of severe bleaching episodes and species decline in response to global climate variability. The ecological and economic value of reef ecosystems is enormous, yet very little is known of the physical interactions that take place at the coral–ocean–atmosphere interfaces. This paper introduces and validates a novel technique for the acquisition of surface energy balance measurements over Heron Reef, part of the Capricorn Bunker Group of the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Measurements of surface energy and radiation exchanges were made using a Campbell Scientific eddy covariance (EC) measurement system mounted on a floating pontoon anchored to the reef flat. A Nortek Vector velocimeter was positioned next to the pontoon to record wave motion. Wavelet analysis techniques were used to decompose the turbulent exchange of sensible heat measured by the EC unit and to compare vertical velocity measurements with wave-induced motion recorded by the velocimeter. The results indicate that although the EC system and the velocimeter share intermittent periods of high common power in their respective wavelet variance spectra, these regions are not coherent and differ in strength by more than an order of magnitude. It was concluded that over a standard averaging period of 30 min the wave-induced motion of the pontoon would not significantly interfere with the acquisition and calculation of turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat, thereby confirming the robustness of this method of obtaining surface energy balance measurements over coral reefs.
Air–Sea Interaction in the Ligurian Sea: Assessment of a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model Using In Situ Data from LASIE07
Authors: Small R. J. , Campbell T. , Teixeira J. , Carniel S. , Smith T. A. , Dykes J. , Chen S. , Allard R.
Published: January 2011

In situ experimental data and numerical model results are presented for the Ligurian Sea in the northwestern Mediterranean. The Ligurian Sea Air–Sea Interaction Experiment (LASIE07) and LIGURE2007 experiments took place in June 2007. The LASIE07 and LIGURE2007 data are used to validate the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS)1 developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. This system includes an atmospheric sigma coordinate, nonhydrostatic model, coupled to a hydrostatic sigma-z-level ocean model (Navy Coastal Ocean Model), using the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF).

A month-long simulation, which includes data assimilation in the atmosphere and full coupling, is compared against an uncoupled run where analysis SST is used for computation of the bulk fluxes. This reveals that COAMPS has reasonable skill in predicting the wind stress and surface heat fluxes at LASIE07 mooring locations in shallow and deep water. At the LASIE07 coastal site (but not at the deep site) the validation shows that the coupled model has a much smaller bias in latent heat flux, because of improvements in the SST field relative to the uncoupled model. This in turn leads to large differences in upper-ocean temperature between the coupled model and an uncoupled ocean model run.
Locally Calibrated Probabilistic Temperature Forecasting Using Geostatistical Model Averaging and Local Bayesian Model Averaging
Authors: Kleiber William , Raftery Adrian E. , Baars Jeffrey , Gneiting Tilmann , Mass Clifford F. , Grimit Eric
Published: January 2011

The authors introduce two ways to produce locally calibrated grid-based probabilistic forecasts of temperature. Both start from the Global Bayesian model averaging (Global BMA) statistical postprocessing method, which has constant predictive bias and variance across the domain, and modify it to make it local. The first local method, geostatistical model averaging (GMA), computes the predictive bias and variance at observation stations and interpolates them using a geostatistical model. The second approach, Local BMA, estimates the parameters of BMA at a grid point from stations that are close to the grid point and similar to it in elevation and land use. The results of these two methods applied to the eight-member University of Washington Mesoscale Ensemble (UWME) are given for the 2006 calendar year. GMA was calibrated and sharper than Global BMA, with prediction intervals that were 8% narrower than Global BMA on average. Examples using sparse and dense training networks of stations are shown. The sparse network experiment illustrates the ability of GMA to draw information from the entire training network. The performance of Local BMA was not statistically different from Global BMA in the dense network experiment, and was superior to both GMA and Global BMA in areas with sufficient nearby training data.
Irreversible Inflammation is Associated with Decreased Levels of the α1-, β1-, and α2-Subunits of sGC in Human Odontoblasts
Authors: Korkmaz Y. , Lang H. , Beikler T. , Cho B. , Behrends S. , Bloch W. , Addicks K. , Raab W.H.-M.
Published: January 2011

The nitric oxide (NO) receptor enzyme soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) contains one prosthetic heme group as an αβ heterodimer, and two heterodimer isoforms (α1β1, α2β1) were characterized to have enzyme activity. To test the irreversible inflammation-dependent regulation of sGC in odontoblasts, we incubated decalcified frozen sections of healthy and inflamed human third molars with antibodies against β-actin, nitrotyrosine, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), α1-, β1-, and α2-subunits of sGC and analyzed them at protein levels by quantitative immunohistochemistry. The irreversible inflammation induced an increase in the signal intensities for nitrotyrosine and iNOS and a decrease for the α1-, β1-, and α2-subunits of sGC in odontoblasts. Inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen, and nitrogen species may impair the expression of the α1-, β1-, and α2-subunits in odontoblasts. The decrease of sGC at the protein level in inflamed odontoblasts is compatible with a critical role for sGC to mediate biological effects of NO in health.
Effects of phonological and morphological awareness on children’s word reading development from two socioeconomic backgrounds
Authors: Schiff Rachel , Lotem Einav
Published: January 2011

This study examined variations in reading acquisition according to socioeconomic background. Word reading speed and accuracy, phonological awareness, and morphological awareness were assessed among 199 native Hebrew-speaking children from high and low SES in the second, fourth, and sixth grades. The study further investigated the possible mediating role of phonological and morphological awareness in predicting reading of vowelized vs. unvowelized Hebrew scripts. Results indicated that despite an overall pattern of development in word reading found for both high SES and low SES children, the development was slower among children of low SES. A discrepancy emerged between children of high and low SES regarding levels of phonological and morphological awareness; this discrepancy increased with grade. Moreover, differences in reading ability showed a comparatively small increase with grade when controlling for phonological and morphological awareness, indicating that SES affected reading indirectly through its impact on the phonological and morphological precursors to reading. Thus, the present findings asserted that children from low SES families enter school with weak phonological and morphological awareness skills, which have cascading consequences on the development of reading skills in general, and the speed of reading scripts in particular.
The psychological contract of call-centre workers: Employment conditions, satisfaction and civic virtue behaviours
Authors: Chambel Maria José , Alcover Carlos-María
Published: January 2011

The number of call centre businesses and workers has increased considerably over recent years and has become one of the sectors with the highest growth rate in Portugal. In this cross-sectional study, covering 363 call/contact centre (C/CC) workers in a Portuguese firm, we confirm that the relationship between employees and the organization, namely their psychological contract, is influenced by their employment conditions, that is, their status and work premises. We perform multiple regression analyses and results show that: (1) temporary employees perceive fewer relational and balanced and more transactional organizational obligations than permanent employees; (2) employees working at the client’s premises perceive more balanced obligations of the organization; (3) the psychological contract has a relationship with the attitudes and behaviours of employees with a higher general relational orientation to their work, who are more satisfied and present more civic virtue behaviours. This study provides a discussion of the practical implications and future research.
Goal setting and plant closure: When bad things turn good
Authors: Häsänen Lars , Hellgren Johnny , Hansson Magnus
Published: January 2011

Research has shown that closedowns seem to result in increased productivity even though all productivity targets have been abandoned. The closedown case analysed in this article is different from previous research since management came to employ high goals for productivity and efficiency throughout the entire closedown process (29 months). The article argues that individuals gradually accept the demise and detach themselves from the dying organization by adopting new career goals which they can start pursuing after the actual closure, thus the closure becomes a subgoal. This study examines change in the dependent variables’ mean values, and the relationships between goal setting, job performance, goal commitment, organizational citizenship behaviour, job satisfaction and job-induced tension. A longitudinal design ( N = 151) based on two data points (T1: February 2006, T2: February 2007) were tapped into the annual goal setting process. The results support that goal setting was effective in this specific closedown scenario.
Walking New Avenues in Management Research Methods and Theories: Bridging Micro and Macro Domains
Authors: Aguinis Herman , Boyd Brian K. , Pierce Charles A. , Short Jeremy C.
Published: January 2011

One of the most critical challenges faced by management scholars is how to integrate micro and macro research methods and theories. This article introduces a special issue of the Journal of Management addressing this integration challenge. First, the authors describe the nature of the micro—macro divide and its challenge for the field of management. Second, the authors provide a summary of each of the four guest editorials and seven articles published in the special issue and how each piece, in its own unique way and adopting a different perspective, makes a novel contribution toward addressing this challenge. Finally, they offer suggestions for future research that they hope will stimulate greater integration of management research with the goal of bridging not only the micro—macro gap but also the science—practice gap.
Looking Inside
Authors: Garbuio Massimo , King Adelaide Wilcox , Lovallo Dan
Published: January 2011

This article explores ways that behavioral decision theory can predict and explain patterns of decisions that managers make in their efforts to maximize the economic value and scarcity potential of a firm’s portfolio of resources. The authors argue that psychology can offer a deeper and more nuanced look “inside” resource-based theory (RBT) as an efficiency-oriented, resource-focused analytical tool for discerning firm performance differences. The authors focus their inquiry on the resource acquisition, accumulation, and divestment processes that determine the components of a firm’s resource portfolio, developing a two-dimension framework to facilitate and extend the implementation of a decision-based approach to RBT. The first dimension describes three key psychological contexts of decisions, distinguishing among (a) perceptions of a firm’s existing resources, (b) the experience or competence of the decision makers, and (c) the framing of how alternatives are presented to decision makers. The second dimension captures the psychologically meaningful distinction between single choices made in isolation and simultaneous choices. Drawing on experimental and field research, the authors develop six testable propositions and explore potential for future theoretical and empirical contributions. The framework can help scholars specify the psychological foundations of a firm’s resource portfolio’s economic value and scarcity potential while helping managers delineate relevant considerations they must adopt to enhance a firm’s profitability.
The Embeddedness of the Agro-Food System in the Spanish Interindustrial Structure
Authors: Noguera-Méndez Pedro , Semitiel-García María
Published: January 2011

The agro-food system (AFS) is an integrating component of the networks behind interindustrial systems. This implies that the structure of AFSs affects and is affected by the characteristics and evolution of the more complex networks in which they are embedded. This article uses national and regional input—output data to analyze the network structure of the Spanish interindustry system for the period 1980— 2000. Network theory (NT) and social network analysis (SNA) have been applied to examine the structural position and evolution of the AFS in the whole interindustrial system. Following a systemic view, it is stated that the Spanish interindustry network follows a hierarchical topology, in which a core and a periphery can be identified. The AFS is a cohesive module occupying a peripheral position in the interindustrial structure. Those findings are very relevant from a policy perspective, as it is essential to have a deep knowledge of the structure of a system before acting on it. According to the dynamics of the analyzed national and regional AFSs, actions would imply coordination with policies focused on core sectors, mainly business services, trade and hotels and restaurants, and on sectors belonging to other production systems.
Influence of work history on entrepreneurial intentions in ‘prime age’ and ‘third age’: A preliminary study
Authors: Kautonen Teemu , Luoto Seppo , Tornikoski Erno T.
Published: January 2011

This exploratory study investigates the relationship between an individual’s socialization into different professional and organizational cultures and their subsequent entrepreneurial intentions. Using age cohorts as a proxy for the duration of work-related socialization processes and changes in the business environment over time, the study proposes that the impact of work history is stronger in ‘third age’ (50—64 years) than in ‘prime age’ (20—49 years). The principal finding is that older individuals, those aged 50-plus, who have spent the majority of their career in ‘blue-collar’ industrial work are less inclined towards entrepreneurship than the working-age population in Western Finland generally. One reason is the perceived lack of support from important social contacts. Contrary to expectations, a work history in the public sector or small businesses does not seem to affect subsequent entrepreneurial intentions. Further research is required to provide a more fine-grained understanding of the impact of work history on entrepreneurial intentions.
Entrepreneurship policy to support new innovative ventures: Is it effective?
Authors: Norrman Charlotte , Bager-Sjögren Lars
Published: January 2011

Using Swedish data, we investigate whether the effectiveness of an entrepreneurship policy programme can be traced over time among those firms it supports. The results are drawn from a longitudinal matched pair analysis. Hypotheses were tested every year for eight years. The main conclusions are: when bias is considered the public support programme has not generated measurable additionality and the programme has to some extent been able to select firms on a general level; however, among those selected, the scheme has not been able to identify potentially successful firms.
Estimating the Unknown Parameters of the Natural History of Metachronous Colorectal Cancer Using Discrete-Event Simulation
Authors: Erenay Fatih Safa , Alagoz Oguzhan , Banerjee Ritesh , Cima Robert R.
Published: January 2011

Objectives. Some aspects of the natural history of metachronous colorectal cancer (MCRC), such as the rate of progression from adenomatous polyp to MCRC, are unknown. The objective of this study is to estimate a set of parameters revealing some of these unknown characteristics of MCRC. Methods. The authors developed a computer simulation model that mimics the progression of MCRC for a 5-year period following the treatment of primary colorectal cancer (CRC). They obtained the inputs of the simulation model using longitudinal data for 284 CRC patients from the Mayo Clinic, Rochester. Results. Five-year MCRC incidence and all-cause mortality were 7.4% and 12.7% in the patient cohort, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that 5-year MCRC incidence was associated with gender ( P = 0.05), whereas both all-cause and CRC-related mortalities were associated with age ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.01). Estimated annual probabilities of progression from adenomatous polyp to MCRC and from MCRC to metastatic MCRC were 0.14 and 0.28, respectively. Annual probabilities of mortality after MCRC and metastatic MCRC treatments were estimated to be 0.06 and 0.26, respectively. The estimated annual probability of mortality due to undetected MCRC was 0.16. Conclusions. The results imply that MCRC, especially in women, may be more common than suggested by previous studies. In addition, statistics derived from the clinical data and results of the simulation model indicate that gender and age affect the progression of MCRC.
Patient-Related Factors and Complications After Arthroscopic Tenotomy of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon
Authors: Lim Tae Kang , Moon Eun Sun , Koh Kyoung Hwan , Yoo Jae Chul
Published: January 2011

Background: Tenotomy of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) has been reported to provide reliable pain relief and require little postoperative rehabilitation. Complications such as cosmetic deformity, decrease in elbow flexion strength, decrease in supination strength, and fatigue discomfort have been reported after tenotomy of the LHBT.

Purpose: To evaluate the complications of arthroscopic tenotomy of the LHBT in the shoulder–specifically, cosmetic deformity, decreased elbow flexion strength, and a cramplike arm pain–and to identify the patient-related factors that affect the rate of complications after tenotomy, such as, age, sex, involvement of the dominant arm, and body mass index (BMI).

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods: In sum, 132 patients were evaluated. They had a mean age of 63 years (range, 26 to 82 years) at the time of surgery and a mean follow-up of 21 months (range, 12 to 53 months). The presence of so-called Popeye deformity, a cramplike arm pain at resisted elbow flexion, and strength of elbow flexion were evaluated. The development of each complication was compared by age, sex, involvement of the dominant arm, and BMI.

Results: Of the 132 patients, 60 (45%) had Popeye deformity, and it was significantly more frequent in men (76%) than women (31%) ( P < .001). However, statistical analysis showed no difference in Popeye deformity frequency by age, arm dominance, or BMI. Male sex was found to be the only risk factor associated with the development of Popeye deformity, with an odds ratio of 10.21 versus women (95% confidence interval, 3.97 to 26.27; P < .001). Ten patients (8%) complained of a cramplike arm pain. Elbow flexion strength decreased in 60 patients (45%), although no intergroup differences were found for elbow flexion strength.

Conclusion: The current study showed a 45% prevalence of Popeye deformity and 8% cramplike arm pain on exertion after tenotomy of the LHBT. Among patient factors such as sex, age, dominant arm relation, and body mass index, the male sex was the only factor correlated with occurrence of a Popeye deformity. Other factors did not show any correlation with deformity, elbow flexion strength, and cramplike arm pain.
Tibial Tunnel Aperture Irregularity After Drilling With 5 Reamer Designs
Authors: Geeslin Andrew G. , Jansson Kyle S. , Wijdicks Coen A. , Chapman Mark A. , Fok Alex S. , LaPrade Robert F.
Published: January 2011

Background: There is limited information in the literature on comparisons of antegrade versus retrograde reaming techniques and the effect on the creation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial tunnel entry and exit apertures.

Hypothesis: Proximal and distal apertures of ACL tibial tunnels, as created with different reamers, will be affected by type of reamer design.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Methods: Forty skeletally mature porcine tibias with bone mineral density values comparable with a young athletic population were included in this study. Five 9-mm reamer models were used (3 antegrade: A1, smooth-bore reamer; A2, acorn-head reamer; A3, flat-head reamer; 2 retrograde: R1, retrograde acorn reamer; R2, single-blade retrograde reamer), and a new reamer was used for each tibia (8 reamer-tibia pairs per reamer model). All specimens underwent micro–computed tomography scanning, and images were reconstructed and analyzed using 3-dimensional image analysis software. Aperture rim fractures were graded on a 0-IV scale that described the proportion of the fractured aperture circumference. Specimens with incomplete apertures were also recorded. Because of the unique characteristics of various tunnels, intratunnel characteristics were observed and recorded.

Results: In sum, 1 proximal and 7 distal aperture rim fractures were found; 3, 0, and 4 distal aperture rim fractures were found with groups A1, A2, and A3, respectively. Incomplete apertures were more commonly found at the distal aperture (n = 15) than the proximal aperture (n = 8); there were no tibias with this finding at both apertures. All incomplete distal apertures occurred with the retrograde technique, and all incomplete proximal apertures occurred with the antegrade technique, most commonly with reamer design A3. An added finding of tunnel curvature at the distal aspect of the tunnel was observed in all 8 tibias with R1 reamers and 5 tibias with R2 reamers. This phenomenon was not observed in any of the tibias reamed with the antegrade technique.

Conclusion: Anterior cruciate ligament tibial tunnel aperture characteristics were highly dependent on reamer design. Optimal proximal aperture characteristics were produced by the retrograde reamers, whereas optimal distal aperture characteristics were obtained with the antegrade reamers. In addition, a phenomenon of tunnel curvature in retrograde-type reamers was found, which may have effects on ACL graft or screw fixation.

Clinical Relevance: Differences in tunnel aperture shapes and fractures depend on reamer design. This information is important for the creation of ACL reconstruction tunnels with different reamer designs.
The Effects of Exercise for the Prevention of Overuse Anterior Knee Pain
Authors: Coppack Russell J. , Etherington John , Wills Andrew K.
Published: January 2011

Background: Anterior knee pain (AKP) is the most common activity-related injury of the knee. The authors investigated the effect of an exercise intervention on the incidence of AKP in UK army recruits undergoing a 14-week physically arduous training program.

Hypothesis: Modifying military training to include targeted preventative exercises may reduce the incidence of AKP in a young recruit population.

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods: A single-blind cluster randomized controlled trial was performed in 39 male and 11 female training groups (median age: 19.7 years; interquartile range, 17-25) undergoing phase 1 of army recruit training. Each group was randomly assigned to either an intervention (n = 759) or control (n = 743) protocol. The intervention consisted of 4 strengthening and 4 stretching exercises completed during supervised physical training lessons (7 per week). The control group followed the existing training syllabus warm-up exercises. The primary outcome was a diagnosis of AKP during the 14-week training program.

Results: Forty-six participants (3.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-4.1) were diagnosed with AKP. There were 36 (4.8%; 95%CI, 3.5-6.7) new cases of AKP in the control group and 10 (1.3%; 0.7-2.4) in the intervention group. There was a 75% reduction in AKP risk in the intervention group (unadjusted hazard ratio = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.13-0.52; P < .001). Three participants (0.4%) from the intervention group were discharged from the military for medical reasons compared to 25 (3.4%) in the control group.

Conclusion: A simple set of lower limb stretching and strengthening exercises resulted in a substantial and safe reduction in the incidence of AKP in a young military population undertaking a physical conditioning program. Such exercises could also be beneficial for preventing this common injury among nonmilitary participants in recreational physical activity.
The Homozygous Ganglioside-Induced Differentiation-Associated Protein 1 Mutation c.373C > T Causes a Very Early-Onset Neuropathy: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Fusco Carlo , Ucchino Valentina , Barbon Giovanni , Bonini Elena , Mostacciuolo Maria Luisa , Frattini Daniele , Pisani Francesco , Giustina Elvio Della
Published: January 2011

Mutations in the ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) gene may cause severe early-onset inherited neuropathies. Here, the authors report a clinical and neurophysiological follow-up of a Pakistani child with a very early-onset neuropathy carrying a novel homozygous mutation in the GDAP1gene. They discuss the relationship between the several forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease presenting in the first months of life and focus on the literature of GDAP1-associated early-onset neuropathy. This case further expands on the clinical spectrum and the genetic heterogeneity of early-onset inherited neuropathy due to GDAP1 gene mutations.
Early Infantile Onset ‘‘Congenital’’ Rett Syndrome Variants: Swedish Experience Through Four Decades and Mutation Analysis
Authors: Rajaei Saideh , Erlandson Anna , Kyllerman Marten , Albage Margareta , Lundstrom Isa , Karrstedt Ewa-Lotta , Hagberg Bengt
Published: January 2011

The early infantile onset ‘‘congenital’’ variant of Rett syndrome presents with deviations of behavior from very early infancy. Here, we report on a clinical-genetic study in a collected series of 14 Swedish girls with early infantile onset Rett syndrome phenotype. The clinical diagnosis was based on symptom onset before the age of 6 months and the patients fulfilled 3 or more Rett variant criteria and 5 or more supportive criteria. Genotype-phenotype correlation studies in the CDKL5-gene have recently shown clinical associations to early infantile onset Rett variants. Mutation analyses for both the MECP2-gene and the CDKL5-gene were, therefore, performed. Of interest, we found a large deletion covering 2 exons in MECP2, which underlines the importance of MECP2 mutation screening even for the ‘‘atypical’’ early infantile onset variants of Rett syndrome. No early infantile onset Rett syndrome patients in this study had the previously well-known hotspot mutations in the MECP2-gene.
An Emerging 1q21.1 Deletion-Associated Neurodevelopmental Phenotype
Authors: Basel-Vanagaite Lina , Goldberg-Stern Hadassa , Mimouni-Bloch Aviva , Shkalim Vered , Böhm Detlef , Kohlhase Jürgen
Published: January 2011

In this study, we describe the neurodevelopmental and epileptic phenotypes in a family with an inherited 1q21.1 deletion. During the pregnancy with the proband, increased nuchal translucency and oligohydramnion were detected. The proband showed mild global developmental delay and ataxic gait. Seizures started in the proband at the age of 2 years and manifested as generalized tonic—clonic seizures, atypical absence seizures, head drops, and drop attacks with no abnormal findings on interictal electroencephalogram. We performed an Agilent Human Genome CGH (comparative genomic hybridization) Microarray 105A, and a microdeletion on chromosome 1q21.1 was identified in both the patient and his asymptomatic father. This deletion encompasses 1.65 Mb and is larger than the reported recurrent class I deletions in this region. Cryptic cytogenetic abnormalities should be considered in patients with neurodevelopmental problems and atypical presentation of epilepsy with a normal electroencephalography (EEG).
Intestinal Involvement in Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Authors: Yavuz Halûk , Yüksekkaya Hasan Ali
Published: January 2011

Metachromatic leukodystrophy is a lysosomal storage disease caused by the deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase A. If arylsulfatase A is deficient, sulfatide accumulates. Functionally, this accumulation results in progressive neurological deterioration. The reports about the extra nervous system manifestations of metachromatic leukodystrophy are related to the gallbladder involvement such as polyposis. Unexplained vomiting began in a 5½-year-old girl with late infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy. Endoscopy showed multiple polypoid masses in the pylor of the stomach and duodenum. Severe gastrointestinal bleedings occurred during nasogastric feeding. Intestinal intussusception developed later. To the authors’ knowledge, intestinal polypoid masses and obstruction with metachromatic leukodystrophy have not previously been reported. The persistent vomiting may be a symptom of intestinal obstruction due to intestinal polypoid masses with metachromatic leukodystrophy. There may be a trend for the development of polypoid masses in intestine as well as in the gallbladder in metachromatic leukodystrophy.
Factors Affecting the Job Satisfaction of Latino/a Immigrants in the Midwest
Authors: Valdivia Corinne , Flores Lisa Y.
Published: January 2011

This study examined the job satisfaction of 253 Latino/a newcomers in three rural communities in the Midwest. Specifically, the authors explored the effects of ethnic identity, Anglo acculturation, Latino/a acculturation, perceptions of the community (social relations, discrimination/racism, and language pressures), job tenure, work hours, and salary on participants’ job satisfaction. Results of a hierarchical regression analysis indicated that ethnic identity and Anglo acculturation had a positive effect, while perceptions of the community related to discrimination/racism had a negative effect on job satisfaction. Latino/a acculturation, perceived social relations in the community, perceived language pressures in the community, job tenure, hours worked, and wages were not significantly related to job satisfaction. The regression model accounted for 16% of the variance in job satisfaction. The implications of the findings for career counseling practice are discussed, and suggestions for future research on Latino/a immigrants’ career development are provided.
Measuring risk/benefit perceptions of emerging technologies and their potential impact on communication of public opinion toward science
Authors: Binder Andrew R. , Cacciatore Michael A. , Scheufele Dietram A. , Shaw Bret R. , Corley Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2011

This study presents a systematic comparison of two alternative measures of citizens’ perceptions of risks and benefits of emerging technologies. By focusing on two specific issues (nanotechnology and biofuels), we derive several insights for the measurement of public views of science. Most importantly, our analyses reveal that relying on global, single-item measures may lead to invalid inferences regarding external influences on public perceptions, particularly those related to cognitive schema and media use. Beyond these methodological implications, this analysis suggests several reasons why researchers in the area of public attitudes toward science must revisit notions of measurement in order to accurately inform the general public, policymakers, scientists, and journalists about trends in public opinion toward emerging technologies.
The Role of Adaptation in Advocate Burnout: A Case of Good Soldiering
Authors: Bemiller Michelle , Williams L.Susan
Published: January 2011

Domestic violence and sexual assault advocates, unlike other social service workers, experience only moderate burnout. The present study extends burnout research, exploring simultaneous effects of job demands and adaptation factors as they relate to burnout in the advocacy population. The authors identify the good soldiering phenomenon in which advocates adapt to work that is worthwhile, but risky, demanding, and resource poor. Good soldiering is related to, but distinct from, a “calling” because it links to the position, not simply intrinsic motivation. The authors find that though job demands significantly increase burnout, advocates who identify with good soldiering experience significantly lower levels of burnout.
Battered Women’s Perceptions of Civil and Criminal Court Helpfulness: The Role of Court Outcome and Process
Authors: Bell Margret E. , Perez Sara , Goodman Lisa A. , Dutton Mary Ann
Published: January 2011

Although most battered women seeking formal help have some contact with court, limited research exists on what they find helpful and harmful about these experiences. Using qualitative data from low-income, largely Black battered women, this study finds that issues related to court outcomes, such as case disposition and enforcement, are important to evaluations of helpfulness. More frequently mentioned, however, are court processes, including treatment by staff, process length, and public disclosure. Results highlight the importance of research and practice attending to issues beyond court outcomes, as well as the potential impact supportive treatment at court may have for victims’ recovery.
Incapacitated Sexual Violence Involving Alcohol Among College Women: The Impact of a Brief Drinking Intervention
Authors: Clinton-Sherrod Monique , Morgan-Lopez Antonio A. , Brown Janice M. , McMillen Brian A. , Cowell Alexander
Published: January 2011

This study assessed the impact of a motiv ational interv iewing (MI) brief alcohol interv ention and prior v ictimization on alcohol-inv olv ed sexual v ictimization experiences. First-year female college students ( N = 229) were randomly assigned to an interv ention condition: MI, MI with feedback (MIFB), feedback (FB), and assessment only (AO). Findings indicate reduced alcohol use for all conditions and v iolence for MIFB, with interactions for prior v ictimization. The mechanism of change for reduced v ictimization was not reductions in alcohol use and mechanisms for this effectiv eness remain somewhat conv oluted. Tailoring of brief interv entions addressing alcohol use and sexual v iolence, particularly for women with prior v ictimization, is critical.
The Need for Hispanic Nurses in Nevada
Authors: Zalaya Siboney , Alpert Patricia T. , Xu Yu , McDonough Ann
Published: January 2011

The article highlights that, until 2008, Nevada had one of the fastest growing populations in the nation and that, in fact, Hispanics comprise at least one quarter of the total number of residents living there. Despite the fact that Hispanics will be one of the largest minorities not only in Nevada but also in the United States by 2050, few Hispanics enter the nursing profession. To better understand this phenomenon, this article identifies barriers, which may present challenges for Hispanics to become nurses. It is hoped that from this increased awareness, strategies can be developed to overcome this disparity in the nursing profession.
‘It’s complicated’
Authors: Riegert Kristina , Pettersson Lucas
Published: January 2011

•Media debates after the invasion of Iraq suggested that there was a growing anti-Americanism in Europe and that this contributed to an increasing sense of European identity as representing values that differed from that of the USA. But what if this anti-Americanism was really anti-Bushism, and how shared are the shared values on the European side when it comes to representation of the USA as Other? The articles in this Special Issue focus on the discursive image of the USA in the elite media of five European countries at points in time from a particularly frosty Cold War period under President Reagan until six months after the installation of President Obama. Taken together, there are broad similarities in the paradigms and characteristics used to depict the USA from the post-Cold War period, especially in French, Finnish, Swedish and German media. Below the surface, however, the narratives reveal that each country’s commentators are mainly interested in the USA in relation to domestic concerns or as a prism for its relationships with other countries on the world stage. There is a stark focus on the US presidents as symbols through which the USA as a whole is seen. Both Democratic and Republican presidents are likened to Rambo, the ‘space cowboy’, the ‘trade and cultural warrior’, or Hollywood ‘stars’, which could be interpreted as a measure of cultural disdain towards American popular culture and militarism. •
‘Le petit coq gaullois’ or ‘the global diplomat’?
Authors: Hellman Maria
Published: January 2011

•The aim of this article is to explore the extent to which the self-image of France expressed in relation to the United States has changed with changes in US foreign policy and paradigmatic changes in the international system. The article explores how the French political and intellectual elites related to the USA in the discourse of Le Monde and Le Figaro in 1984, 1994, 2004 and 2009. The analysis indicates that France’s self-image is connected to multilateralism, liberalism and cultural protectionism. The stabilizing effect of political culture is suggested as an explanation for the fact that the press represented France’s self-image in a more or less similar manner while different roles were ascribed to the USA over time. •
Coveted, detested and unattainable?
Authors: Petersson Bo , Persson Emil
Published: January 2011

•This article explores how the image of the USA has developed in two major Russian daily newspapers, Izvestiya and Komsomolskaya Pravda, in a time period comprised of a total 20 weeks’ of study in the years of 1984, 1994, 2004 and 2009. For Russia this time span was dramatic: it moved from seemingly stable superpower in the 1980s, over the chaos after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, to the partial comeback to great power status at the beginning of the 21st century. While telling the story of how the image of the USA has evolved, the article also describes how Russian self-images have developed. The image projected of the USA was Manichean in the 1980s, whereas the most benevolent images were found in the 1990s. The examples from 2004 and 2009 reflect an assertive Russia that is back on the world stage. The USA is here again often criticized, but also — as before — comprises the scale against which Russia itself is measured. •
Electronic health information in use: Characteristics that support employee workflow and patient care
Authors: Russ Alissa L. , Saleem Jason J. , Justice Connie F. , Woodward-Hagg Heather , Woodbridge Peter A. , Doebbeling Bradley N.
Published: January 2011

The aim of this investigation was to assess helpful and challenging aspects of electronic health information with respect to clinical workflow and identify a set of characteristics that support patient care processes. We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center, with a fully implemented electronic health record (EHR), and elicited positive and negative examples of how information technology (IT) affects the work of healthcare employees. Responses naturally shed light on information characteristics that aid work processes. We performed a secondary analysis on interview data and inductively identified characteristics of electronic information that support healthcare workflow. Participants provided 199 examples of how electronic information affects workflow. Seventeen characteristics emerged along with four primary domains: trustworthy and reliable; ubiquitous; effectively displayed; and adaptable to work demands. Each characteristic may be used to help evaluate health information technology pre- and post-implementation. Results provide several strategies to improve EHR design and implementation to better support healthcare workflow.
Identifying factors that impact patient length of stay metrics for healthcare providers with advanced analytics
Authors: Kudyba Stephan , Gregorio Thomas
Published: January 2011

Managing patients’ length of stay is a critical task for healthcare organizations. In order to better manage the processes impacting this performance metric, providers can leverage data resources describing the network of activities that impact a patient’s stay with analytic methods. Interdependencies between departmental activities exist within the patient treatment process, where inefficiency in one element of the patient care network of activities can adversely affect process outcomes.This work utilizes the method of neural networks to analyze data describing inpatient cases that incorporate radiology process variables to determine their effect on patient length of stay excesses for a major NJ based healthcare provider. The results indicate that inefficiencies at the radiology level can adversely extend a patient’s length of stay beyond initial estimations. Proactive analysis of networks of activities in the patient treatment process can enhance organizational efficiencies of healthcare providers by enabling decision makers to better optimize resource allocations to increase throughput of activities.
Finding the key to communion - Caregivers’ experience of ‘music therapeutic caregiving’ in dementia care: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Hammar Lena Marmstål , Emami Azita , Engström Gabriella , Götell Eva
Published: January 2011

‘Music therapeutic caregiving’ (MTC), when caregivers sing for or together with persons with dementia (PWDs) during caring situations, has been suggested as a way to reduce PWDs’ behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). An intervention was designed to elucidate what influences MTC might have on PWDs and their caregivers. The aim was to describe professional caregiverś experiences of caring for PWDs during morning care situations without and with MTC. Group interviews were conducted, and a qualitative content analysis was performed. Two themes were revealed. The first (without MTC), Struggling for care in communion, encompassed four sub-themes: Hampered communication; Physical and mental struggle with aggression; Struggling with ethical demands; and The reward — consolation and love. The second theme (with MTC), Consolidating care in communion, encompassed two sub-themes: awakening cooperation, and feeling of well-being. The authors conclude that MTC could be used to help caregivers provide improved care.
The doctorate of the Bologna Process third cycle: Mapping the dimensions and impact of the European Higher Education Area
Authors: Carter Susan , Fazey John , González Geraldo José Luis , Trevitt Chris
Published: January 2011

The European Union Bologna Process is a significant agent for internationalization of education. Acknowledging fiscal and political drivers, this article shows that Bologna inclusion of the doctoral degree offers potential for enhanced doctoral experience. Interest in transferability of doctoral education across national borders, standardization of degree credit ratings and promotion of best practice offers potential advantages, responsibilities and dimensions of activity to institutions and to individuals. We emphasize increased opportunities for cooperation and collaboration with a personal case study. We consider standards and standardization; the relationship between world and learner; language and writing issues; and global interest in the Bologna process.
Civic education in emerging democracies: Lessons from post-Communist Poland and Romania
Authors: Tobin Kerri
Published: January 2011

The 1999 International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) Civic Education Study revealed that most countries having recently undergone political and social transformations had lower civic knowledge scores than more stable nations. However, Poland, which instituted policies aimed at educating citizens for democratic participation after the fall of Communism, scored above international means. This article examines these educational policy initiatives and compares Poland with Romania, where fewer curricular initiatives were undertaken. Using 1999 IEA data, the article evaluates civic education’s potential for promoting civic knowledge in transitioning nations and finds that successful programs tend to pay attention to national context, provide for teacher professional development, engage students in active learning and collaborate with established democracies to create curricula. Other factors that might have contributed to the differing scores are also explored, including the two nations’ relative diversity, relationships with Western democracies, experiences under communism, and definitions of democracy.
The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme and the construction of pedagogic identity: A preliminary study
Authors: Cambridge James
Published: January 2011

Bernstein (1999, 2000) proposes that contrasting educational discourses construct contrasting retrospective, prospective, decentred (market) and decentred (therapeutic) pedagogic identities. In different times and geographical locations the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme (DP) has been projected onto a variety of pedagogic identities. In its earliest years there appears to have been vacillation between a weak form of retrospective identity, expressed as nostalgia for a grouped curriculum that prevailed before the introduction of A level in England, and an educational discourse projecting selected elements of the past into the future. A ‘progressive’ decentred therapeutic identity, exemplified by the IB Learner Profile, is the version the IB currently appears to project. However, this article proposes that the IB is assailed by market forces and that the IB DP is being driven towards a decentred (market) identity.
Equality or equity, player or guardian? The Dutch government and its role in providing access opportunities for government sponsored international secondary education, 1979-2009
Authors: Prickarts Boris
Published: January 2011

This article focuses on the Dutch government’s International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme (DP) Pilot, allowing Dutch pre-university students to take part in the IB DP. Is it likely to create ‘equal’, or rather ‘equitable’, access opportunities for government-sponsored Dutch international secondary schools? The article advances the position that the IB DP Pilot is creating more equitable access opportunities for middle-class children. It can be expected, though, that less advantaged groups will increasingly be able to benefit from the opportunities that come with access to government sponsored international education.
The role of location in the recruitment and retention of teachers in international schools
Authors: Chandler James
Published: January 2011

The ability to recruit and retain quality teachers is an important one for many schools. For international schools the issue can be complex, with teachers choosing (or rejecting) not just a school but a country. This article sets out to investigate the relative importance of school and country to teacher decisions about their jobs by surveying a sample of international school teachers. The results of the survey, and their possible implications for schools, are considered.