bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intervention: Coaching, Training, and Organisational Development
Authors: Whitehouse Marlies
Published: May 2023

This chapter explains and discusses the research-based measures which were implemented with practitioners in real-world settings. The interventions include coaching, training, and organisational development.
The Role of Educational Interventions in Facing Social Media Threats: Overarching Principles of the COURAGE Project
Authors: Taibi Davide , Börsting Johanna , Hoppe Ulrich , Ognibene Dimitri , Hernández-Leo Davinia , Eimler Sabrina C. , Kruschwitz Udo
Published: April 2023

Social media are offering new opportunities for communication and interaction way beyond what was possible only a few years ago. However, social media are also virtual spaces where young people are exposed to a variety of threats. Digital addiction, discrimination, hate speech, misinformation, polarization as well as manipulative influences of algorithms, body stereotyping, and cyberbullying are examples of challenges that find fertile ground on social media. Educators and students are not adequately prepared to face these challenges. To this aim, the COURAGE project, presented in this paper, introduces new tools and learning methodologies that can be adopted within higher education learning paths to train educators to deal with social media threats. The overarching principles of the COURAGE project leverage the most recent advances in the fields of artificial intelligence and in the educational domain paired with social and media psychological insights to support the development of the COURAGE ecosystem. The results of the experiments currently implemented with teachers and students of secondary schools as well as the impact of the COURAGE project on societal changes and ethical questions are presented and discussed.
Quadriceps and hamstring anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction differ only marginally in function after the rehabilitation: a propensity score-matched case–control study
Authors: Niederer Daniel , Keller Matthias , Jakob Sarah , Petersen Wolf , Mengis Natalie , Vogt Lutz , Guenther Daniel , Brandl Georg , Drews Björn H. , Behringer Michael , Groneberg David A. , Stein Thomas
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To determine potential quadriceps versus hamstring tendon autograft differences in neuromuscular function and return to sport (RTS)-success in participants after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Methods

Case–control study on 25 participants operated on with an arthroscopically assisted, anatomic ipsilateral quadriceps femoris tendon graft and two control groups of 25 participants each, operated on with a semitendinosus tendon or semitendinosus-gracilis (hamstring) tendon graft ACL reconstruction. Participants of the two control groups were propensity score matched to the case group based on sex, age, Tegner activity scale and either the total volume of rehabilitation since reconstruction (n = 25) or the time since reconstruction (n = 25). At the end of the rehabilitation (averagely 8 months post-reconstruction), self-reported knee function (KOOS sum scores), fear of loading the reconstructed knee during a sporting activity (RSI-ACL questionnaire), and fear of movement (Tampa scale of kinesiophobia) were followed by hop and jump tests. Front hops for distance (jumping distance as the outcome) were followed by Drop jumps (normalised knee joint separation distance), and concluded by qualitative ratings of the Balanced front and side hops. Between-group comparisons were undertaken using 95% confidence intervals comparisons, effect sizes were calculated.

Results

The quadriceps case group (always compared with the rehabilitation-matched hamstring graft controls first and versus time-matched hamstring graft controls second) had non-significant and only marginal higher self-reported issues during sporting activities: Cohen’s d = 0.42, d = 0.44, lower confidence for RTS (d = − 0.30, d = − 0.16), and less kinesiophobia (d =  − 0.25, d = 0.32). Small and once more non-significant effect sizes point towards lower values in the quadriceps graft groups in the Front hop for distance limb symmetry values in comparison to the two hamstring control groups (d =  − 0.24, d = − 0.35). The normalised knee joint separation distance were non-significantly and small effect sized higher in the quadriceps than in the hamstring groups (d = 0.31, d = 0.28).

Conclusion

Only non-significant and marginal between-graft differences in the functional outcomes at the end of the rehabilitation occurred. The selection of either a hamstring or a quadriceps graft type cannot be recommended based on the results. The decision must be undertaken individually.

Level of evidence

III.
Brown and grey morphs differ in their nocturnality in the polymorphic scops owl (Otus scops)
Authors: Parejo Deseada , Rodríguez-Ruiz Juan , Cruz-Miralles Ángel , Avilés Jesús M.
Published: May 2023

Detectability of morphs in different light environments is one of the mechanisms favoring the persistence of color polymorphism via disruptive selection. This mechanism predicts that different morphs should be more active and successful when light conditions make them more cryptic. In nocturnal birds, no study has analyzed yet whether morphs show a different degree of nocturnality, showing different circadian activity rhythms in relation to night and day light. We analyze activity patterns and hunting efficiency of color morphs in relation to day/night light in the nocturnal polymorphic scops owl (Otus scops). Forty-four percent of owl activity took place in the first hours after sunrise and before sunset. Also, we found that nocturnal activity decreased from grey to brown females and that grey males fed their chicks more than brown ones at night. Visual modeling revealed that grey individuals would be more conspicuous to their prey than brownish ones during the day. These findings suggest that part of the activity of nocturnal scops owls may occur during the day and that grey individuals would be better adapted to forage during night-light than brownish ones. However, brown morphs seemed not to be better adapted to forage at day, suggesting that other mechanisms than visual detection by predators or prey contribute to the persistence of color polymorphism in the species.

Significance statement

Circadian activity patterns can vary intraspecifically in response to changing environmental conditions. Color variants in polymorphic species could change their circadian activity rhythms differently in relation to diel luminal variation, switching from nocturnality to diurnality or vice versa, to achieve better background matching. We study for the first time whether different color variants of the nocturnal polymorphic scops owl (Otus scops) show different circadian activity rhythms with respect to night and day light conditions by relying on GPS-tracking data and nest video recordings. We also use perceptual visual modeling to study crypsis of morphs during the day. We found that nearly half of the activity of owls took place in the first hours after sunrise and before sunset. Also, we found that grey individuals would be better adapted to forage during night-light than more brownish ones probably due to their poor background matching during the day for the visual system of insects. These results support the idea that in scops owls, color morphs may show different degree of nocturnality to improve their crypsis.
Microscale flow dynamics and particle capture in scleractinian corals: I. Role of the tentacles
Authors: Price Wm. Stephen , Patterson Mark R.
Published: May 2023

The size, shape, and arrangement of tentacles in scleractinian coral polyps are likely to affect particle capture yet have not been investigated in a systematic way. Morphometric measurements of tentacles of several coral species found in the Caribbean Sea were taken from macro-photographs, and from these, models were constructed in three postures: straight, upstream-facing, and downstream-facing. These models were placed in a flume to video the flow paths of particles around them. Video analysis indicates tentacles, and their specific postures, have a dramatic effect on micro-flow patterns. The expanded soft tissue tentacles, and their specific postures, greatly increase probability of particle capture by direct impaction, inertial impaction, and gravitational deposition. All tentacle postures cause increased retention time relative to freestream travel in their immediate proximity, as well as increasing both contact with the tentacle surface, and tumbling of particles. Straight and upstream-facing tentacles deflect particles downward to their base, while downstream-facing tentacles deflect particles upwards. When results from individual tentacles are considered in geometric combination, the secondary radial symmetry of the tentacular whorls in simple coral polyps appears to be an optimal strategy to filter suspended particulate material in an oscillating and omni-directional flow environment. In meandrine corals, the hedgerows of straight and curved tentacles appear to draw particles downward, retain them, and direct them onto the oral feeding areas below the thecal ridges. The size, shape, and arrangement of tentacles are thus of key importance in understanding suspension feeding in scleractinian corals.
The nature of the Karoo mantle source region from the perspective of olivine in the Luenha picrites: an oxygen isotopic and chemical study
Authors: Iles Kieran A. , Luttinen Arto V. , Beier Christoph , Heinonen Jussi S. , Whitehouse Martin J. , Turunen Sanni T.
Published: May 2023

The Karoo large igneous province has been divided into rift zone and basin-related groups, with picrites from the Luenha river, Mozambique, representing an end-member of the latter. New O isotope, major and trace element data for olivine have been combined with MELTS crystallisation modelling to deconvolve compositional diversity associated with magma differentiation from source-derived heterogeneity. Three olivines populations have been discerned as follows: (1) the ‘main trend’, which records crystallisation from a variety of magma compositions; (2) the ‘low Cu trend’, which is inferred to represent xenocrysts or antecrysts; and (3) the ‘high CaO’ olivines, which record polybaric crystallisation of a primitive, little fractionated magma. The trace element variability in olivine phenocrysts relates partially to sampling of different parts of the same overall magma transport and storage systems, and partly to heterogeneity of parental magmas and their mantle sources. When the measured δ18Oolivine values have been converted into δ18Omelt values, the mean δ18Omelt values for the ‘main trend’ and ‘low Cu’ groups are indistinguishable from each other (5.7 ± 0.1‰, 2σ); however, the mean δ18Omelt value of 6.1 ± 0.1‰ for the ‘high CaO’ group is distinctly enriched. These data record source heterogeneity and suggest contributions from two mantle sources, one with elevated δ18O, and another with more ‘typical’ mantle δ18O. Combining these data with previously reported trace element and Nd and Sr isotope data support derivation from a mantle source similar to non-chondritic bulk silicate earth, but with minor contributions (1–2% for the enriched magmas) from a recycled sedimentary component. This points to the importance of a primitive mantle source for the basin-related successions in Karoo.
Sensorgestützte Sortierung
Authors: Jürgensen Stefan , Flachberger Helmut
Published: May 2023

Sensorgestützte Sortierung ist eine etablierte Standardtechnologie in der Verarbeitung von Sekundärrohstoffen. Ihr Einsatz in der Aufbereitung von Primärrohstoffen ist dagegen noch nicht im selben Maße verbreitet. Neue Sortieranlagen haben in den letzten Jahren bewiesen, dass sensorgestützte Sortierung bisherige Aufbereitungsverfahren durch höhere Effizienz ergänzen und ersetzen kann.
Refinement of ensemble strategy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia microscopic images using hybrid CNN-GRU-BiLSTM and MSVM classifier
Authors: Mohammed Kamel K. , Hassanien Aboul Ella , Afify Heba M.
Published: May 2023

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a common serious cancer in white blood cells (WBC) that advances quickly and produces abnormal cells in the bone marrow. Cancerous cells associated with ALL lead to impairment of body systems. Microscopic examination of ALL in a blood sample is applied manually by hematologists with many defects. Computer-aided leukemia image detection is used to avoid human visual recognition and to provide a more accurate diagnosis. This paper employs the ensemble strategy to detect ALL cells versus normal WBCs using three stages automatically. Firstly, image pre-processing is applied to handle the unbalanced database through the oversampling process. Secondly, deep spatial features are generated using a convolution neural network (CNN). At the same time, the gated recurrent unit (GRU)-bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) architecture is utilized to extract long-distance dependent information features or temporal features to obtain active feature learning. Thirdly, a softmax function and the multiclass support vector machine (MSVM) classifier are used for the classification mission. The proposed strategy has the resilience to classify the C-NMC 2019 database into two categories by using splitting the entire dataset into 90% as training and 10% as testing datasets. The main motivation of this paper is the novelty of the proposed framework for the purposeful and accurate diagnosis of ALL images. The proposed CNN-GRU-BiLSTM-MSVM is simply stacked by existing tools. However, the empirical results on C-NMC 2019 database show that the proposed framework is useful to the ALL image recognition problem compared to previous works. The DenseNet-201 model yielded an F1-score of 96.23% and an accuracy of 96.29% using the MSVM classifier in the test dataset. The findings exhibited that the proposed strategy can be employed as a complementary diagnostic tool for ALL cells. Further, this proposed strategy will encourage researchers to augment the rare database, such as blood microscopic images by creating powerful applications in terms of combining machine learning with deep learning algorithms.
Cynipid galls on oak leaves are resilient to leaf vein disruption
Authors: Giertych Marian J. , Łukowski Adrian , Karolewski Piotr
Published: May 2023

Oaks serve as host plants for numerous insects, including those forming galls. Galls induced on oaks are completely dependent on leaf resources. Many other folivores damage veins of leaves, which may result in cutting galls off from sources of assimilates, nutrients and water. We hypothesised that the disruption of the continuity of leaf vascular tissues stops gall development, leading to the death of the larva. Leaves of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) with Cynips quercusfolii galls in the initial stage of development were marked. The diameter of the galls was measured, and the vein on which the gall was present was cut. Four experimental treatments were established: control – with no cutting, cutting the vein distal to the gall relative to the petiole, cutting the vein basal to the gall and cutting both sides. The average survival rate (live galls at the end of the experiment including healthy larvae, pupae or imagines inside) – was 28.9%. The rate varied depending on the treatment and was 13.6% in the treatment with the vein cut on both sides and about 30% in the remaining treatments. However, this difference was not statistically significant. The growth dynamics of galls are highly dependent on the experimental treatment. The largest galls grew in the control treatment, and the smallest galls were in the treatments with the veins cut on both sides. Unexpectedly, even cutting veins on both sides did not result in the immediate dieback of the galls. The results suggest that the galls are very strong nutrient and water sinks. The functions of the cut vein are likely taken over by other lower-order veins, allowing nourishment of the gall to complete larva development.
Automatic generation of creative text in Portuguese: an overview
Authors: Gonçalo Oliveira Hugo
Published: May 2023

Creativity is an inherently human skill, and thus one of the goals of Artificial Intelligence. Specifically, linguistic computational creativity deals with the autonomous generation of linguistically-creative artefacts. Here, we present four types of text that can be tackled in this scope—poetry, humour, riddles, and headlines—and overview computational systems developed for their generation in Portuguese. Adopted approaches are described and illustrated with generated examples, and the key role of underlying computational linguistic resources is highlighted. The future of such systems is further discussed together with the exploration of neural approaches for text generation. While overviewing such systems, we hope to disseminate the area among the community of the computational processing of the Portuguese language.
CsFEVER and CTKFacts: acquiring Czech data for fact verification
Authors: Ullrich Herbert , Drchal Jan , Rýpar Martin , Vincourová Hana , Moravec Václav
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we examine several methods of acquiring Czech data for automated fact-checking, which is a task commonly modeled as a classification of textual claim veracity w.r.t. a corpus of trusted ground truths. We attempt to collect sets of data in form of a factual claim, evidence within the ground truth corpus, and its veracity label (supported, refuted or not enough info). As a first attempt, we generate a Czech version of the large-scale FEVER dataset built on top of Wikipedia corpus. We take a hybrid approach of machine translation and document alignment; the approach and the tools we provide can be easily applied to other languages. We discuss its weaknesses, propose a future strategy for their mitigation and publish the 127k resulting translations, as well as a version of such dataset reliably applicable for the Natural Language Inference task—the CsFEVER-NLI. Furthermore, we collect a novel dataset of 3,097 claims, which is annotated using the corpus of 2.2 M articles of Czech News Agency. We present an extended dataset annotation methodology based on the FEVER approach, and, as the underlying corpus is proprietary, we also publish a standalone version of the dataset for the task of Natural Language Inference we call CTKFactsNLI. We analyze both acquired datasets for spurious cues—annotation patterns leading to model overfitting. CTKFacts is further examined for inter-annotator agreement, thoroughly cleaned, and a typology of common annotator errors is extracted. Finally, we provide baseline models for all stages of the fact-checking pipeline and publish the NLI datasets, as well as our annotation platform and other experimental data.
Filled Pauses Produced by Autistic Adults Differ in Prosodic Realisation, but not Rate or Lexical Type
Authors: Wehrle Simon , Grice Martine , Vogeley Kai
Published: May 2023

We examined the use of filled pauses in conversations between homogeneous pairs of autistic and non-autistic adults. A corpus of semi-spontaneous speech was used to analyse the rate, lexical type (nasal “uhm” or non-nasal “uh”), and prosodic realisation (rising, level or falling) of filled pauses. We used Bayesian modelling for statistical analysis. We found an identical rate of filled pauses and an equivalent preference of “uhm” over “uh” across groups, but also a robust group-level difference regarding the intonational realisation of filled pauses: non-autistic controls produced a considerably higher proportion of filled pause tokens realised with the canonical level pitch contour than autistic speakers. Despite the fact that filled pauses are a frequent and impactful part of speech, previous work on their conversational use in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is limited. Our account is the first to analyse the intonational realisation of filled pauses in ASD and the first to investigate conversations between autistic adults in this context. Our results on rate and lexical type can help to contextualise previous research, while the novel findings on intonational realisation set the stage for future investigations.
A deep learning framework for defect prediction based on thermographic in-situ monitoring in laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Oster Simon , Breese Philipp P. , Ulbricht Alexander , Mohr Gunther , Altenburg Simon J.
Published: May 2023

The prediction of porosity is a crucial task for metal based additive manufacturing techniques such as laser powder bed fusion. Short wave infrared thermography as an in-situ monitoring tool enables the measurement of the surface radiosity during the laser exposure. Based on the thermogram data, the thermal history of the component can be reconstructed which is closely related to the resulting mechanical properties and to the formation of porosity in the part. In this study, we present a novel framework for the local prediction of porosity based on extracted features from thermogram data. The framework consists of a data pre-processing workflow and a supervised deep learning classifier architecture. The data pre-processing workflow generates samples from thermogram feature data by including feature information from multiple subsequent layers. Thereby, the prediction of the occurrence of complex process phenomena such as keyhole pores is enabled. A custom convolutional neural network model is used for classification. The model is trained and tested on a dataset from thermographic in-situ monitoring of the manufacturing of an AISI 316L stainless steel test component. The impact of the pre-processing parameters and the local void distribution on the classification performance is studied in detail. The presented model achieves an accuracy of 0.96 and an f1-Score of 0.86 for predicting keyhole porosity in small sub-volumes with a dimension of (700 × 700 × 50) µm3. Furthermore, we show that pre-processing parameters such as the porosity threshold for sample labeling and the number of included subsequent layers are influential for the model performance. Moreover, the model prediction is shown to be sensitive to local porosity changes although it is trained on binary labeled data that disregards the actual sample porosity.
Human Factors Evaluation of HeartMate 3 Left Ventricular Assist Device Peripherals: An Eye Tracking Supported Simulation Study
Authors: Widhalm Gregor , Abart Theodor , Noeske Moritz , Kumer Lisa , Ebenberger Katharina , Atteneder Clemens , Berger Angelika , Laufer Günther , Wiedemann Dominik , Zimpfer Daniel , Schima Heinrich , Wagner Michael , Schlöglhofer Thomas
Published: May 2023

Background

Despite recent design improvements, human factors issues continue to challenge left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate user experience of former non-HeartMate 3 (HM3) LVAD patients post heart transplantation (HTX) and laypersons (LP) with HM3 LVAD peripherals in simulated everyday and emergency scenarios.

Methods

This single center cohort study included untrained HTX and LP. Seven scenarios, including battery exchanges (without alarm, advisory alarm, dim light, consolidated bag), change of power supply, driveline dis-/reconnection and controller exchange were simulated. Subjects’ gaze behavior was recorded using eye tracking technology. Success rate, pump-off-time, duration to success (DTS), percental fixation duration per areas of interest and post-scenario-survey results were defined as outcome measures.

Results

Thirty subjects completed 210 scenarios, initially solving 82.4% (HTX vs. LP, p = 1.00). Changing power supply revealed highest complexity (DTS = 251 ± 93s, p = 0.76): 26.7% succeeded at first attempt (p = 0.68), 56.7% at second attempt, with significantly more LP failing (p = 0.04), resulting in 10 hazards from driveline disconnections (pump-off-time 2-118s, p = 0.25). Comparison on initial success showed differences in fixation durations for seven areas of interest (p < 0.037). Decreasing DTS during battery exchanges (p < 0.001) indicate high learnability. Exchanging batteries within the bag took longer (median DTS = 75.0 (IQR = 45.0)s, p = 0.09), especially in elderly subjects (r = 0.61, p < 0.001). Subjects with less initial success were more afraid of making mistakes (p = 0.048).

Conclusion

This eye tracking based human factors study provided insights into user experiences in handling HM3 peripherals. It highlights unintuitive and hazardous characteristics, providing guidance for future user-centered design of LVAD wearables.
Thermal decomposition of calcium propionate: films and powders
Authors: Zaidi Sihem , Sanchez-Rodriguez Daniel , Farjas Jordi , Mohamed Dammak , Roura-Grabulosa Pere
Published: April 2023

The thermal decomposition of calcium propionate, in inert and oxidative atmospheres, has been investigated by thermogravimetry combined with infrared evolved gas analysis; the main volatiles formed during thermal decomposition have been identified. The intermediate and final products have been characterized by infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The different mechanisms involved in thermal decomposition are discussed as a function of atmosphere and sample structure. The kinetics of the decomposition and the ability of powders to undergo a thermal runaway are also investigated.
Crystallisation and characterisation of muscle proteins: a mini-review
Authors: Govada Lata , Chayen Naomi E.
Published: May 2023

The techniques of X-ray protein crystallography, NMR and high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy have all been used to determine the high-resolution structure of proteins. The most-commonly used method, however, remains X-ray crystallography but it does rely heavily on the production of suitable crystals. Indeed, the production of diffraction quality crystals remains the rate-limiting step for most protein systems. This mini-review highlights the crystallisation trials that used existing and newly developed crystallisation methods on two muscle protein targets - the actin binding domain (ABD) of α-actinin and the C0-C1 domain of human cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C). Furthermore, using heterogenous nucleating agents the crystallisation of the C1 domain of cMyBP-C was successfully achieved in house along with preliminary actin binding studies using electron microscopy and co-sedimentation assays .
Anchor practices that guide horizontal performance measurement: an interventionist case study of the financial aspect of new technology implementation in healthcare
Authors: Korhonen Tuomas , Sillanpää Virpi , Jääskeläinen Aki
Published: May 2023

With the demand for elderly care increasing in many countries, digital technologies offer the potential for organising such care while also increasing value for money. However, public administrators need tools to make sense of their own complex environment and the possible impacts of new technologies. The current paper examines this issue by applying horizontal performance measurement, where practitioners can give financial value to issues that span across many functions and thus avoid sub-optimisation. We use an interventionist case study to illustrate a situation in which a Nordic city attempted to calculate the financial impact of introducing new digital technologies into elderly care. As our contribution to the literature on horizontal performance measurement, we show how economic (financial) and wellbeing anchors influence horizontal performance measurement in a healthcare digitalisation project. We also contribute to the development of our method theory, i.e., anchor practices, by providing evidence of the usage of multiple simultaneous anchors and make a methodological contribution by showing that interventionist researchers can support operationalising anchor practices.
A critical evaluation of the safety datasheets of graphene materials
Authors: Theodoropoulou Anastasia , Gkika Despina A. , Alodhayb Abdullah , Kyzas George Z.
Published: May 2023

Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms, is a material that has held a leading position in material research owing to its excellent properties, allowing its use in innovative technologies. In spite of many advantages, the graphene’s potentially hazardous effect on the environment as well as human health constitutes a major drawback. Year after year, safety data sheets (SDS) constitute the main reference on a material’s potential hazards and the methods to prevent or address them if needed. However, SDS content has been heavily criticized due to incomplete, incorrect, or missing information and the cost required to produce and maintain it. The primary objective of this work is to introduce a stepwise process of knowledge management regarding SDSs, by identifying unexplored or neglected sections in a holistic approach. In this light, this work examines 37 graphene SDS, using modified Hodson’s criteria. The quality evaluation revealed that approximately 5% (2/37) of the datasheets were deemed reliable without restrictions (excellent), the majority 49% (18/37) were categorized as reliable with restrictions (good), while about reaching almost 46% (17/37) were deemed non-informative. It is noteworthy that approximately 73% of the SDS require major improvements; thus, the majority did not provide adequate data to be properly assessed. Section 15 could potentially trigger fundamental changes in the product status. The comprehensive evaluation of all 16 sections will enhance the capacity to conduct research mapping and formulate opinions on nanomaterials, thereby stimulating innovation.
The predictive power of risk elicitation tasks
Authors: Garagnani Michele
Published: May 2023

This work reports the results of two online experiments with a general-population sample examining the performance of different tasks for the elicitation of risk attitudes. First, I compare the investment task of Gneezy and Potters (1997), the standard choice-list method of Holt and Laury (2002), and the multi-alternative procedure of Eckel and Grossman (2002) and evaluate their performance in terms of the number of correctly-predicted binary decisions in a set of out-of-sample lottery choices. There are limited differences between the tasks in this sense, and performance is modest. Second, I included three additional budget-choice tasks (selection of a lottery from a linear budget set) where optimal decisions should have been corner solutions, and find that a large majority of participants provided interior solutions instead, casting doubts on people’s understanding of tasks of this type. Finally, I investigate whether these two results depend on cognitive ability, numerical literacy, and education. While optimal choices in budget-choice tasks are related to numerical literacy and cognitive ability, the predictive performance of the risk-elicitation tasks is unaffected.
The Name-glorifying projects of Alexei Losev and Pavel Florensky: A question of their historical interrelation
Authors: Biriukov Dmitry
Published: May 2023

This article deals with the question of the interrelation between two papers, both called, in short, “Onomatodoxy”, dedicated to the doctrine of Name-glorification (Imiaslavie, Onomatodoxy), both of which were created in line with the Neo-Patristic movement in the Russian philosophy of the Silver Age. One of these papers is by Alexei Losev and the other by Pavel Florensky. In my opinion, there are sufficient grounds to state that Losev’s “Onomatodoxy” was written either after Florensky created his own “Onomatodoxy”, i.e., after November 1922, or, at the earliest, after Florensky started to give clandestine lectures about Onomatodoxy in Moscow (where Losev lived), i.e., not earlier than spring 1921. Therefore, Losev’s article “Onomatodoxy” could have been intended for the religious-philosophical collection of articles planned for publishing by Yaschenko in 1922 in Berlin.
A transgenic mouse line for assaying tissue-specific changes in endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis
Authors: Svarcbahs Reinis , Blossom Sarah M. , Baffoe-Bonnie Helena S. , Trychta Kathleen A. , Greer Lacey K. , Pickel James , Henderson Mark J. , Harvey Brandon K.
Published: May 2023

Maintenance of calcium homeostasis is important for proper endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function. When cellular stress conditions deplete the high concentration of calcium in the ER, ER-resident proteins are secreted into the extracellular space in a process called exodosis. Monitoring exodosis provides insight into changes in ER homeostasis and proteostasis resulting from cellular stress associated with ER calcium dysregulation. To monitor cell-type specific exodosis in the intact animal, we created a transgenic mouse line with a Gaussia luciferase (GLuc)—based, secreted ER calcium-modulated protein, SERCaMP, preceded by a LoxP-STOP-LoxP (LSL) sequence. The Cre-dependent LSL-SERCaMP mice were crossed with albumin (Alb)-Cre and dopamine transporter (DAT)-Cre mouse lines. GLuc-SERCaMP expression was characterized in mouse organs and extracellular fluids, and the secretion of GLuc-SERCaMP in response to cellular stress was monitored following pharmacological depletion of ER calcium. In LSL-SERCaMP × Alb-Cre mice, robust GLuc activity was observed only in the liver and blood, whereas in LSL-SERCaMP × DAT-Cre mice, GLuc activity was seen in midbrain dopaminergic neurons and tissue samples innervated by dopaminergic projections. After calcium depletion, we saw increased GLuc signal in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid collected from the Alb-Cre and DAT-Cre crosses, respectively. This mouse model can be used to investigate the secretion of ER-resident proteins from specific cell and tissue types during disease pathogenesis and may aid in the identification of therapeutics and biomarkers of disease.
Life cycle assessment of bio-based fertilizers production systems: where are we and where should we be heading?
Authors: Egas D. , Azarkamand S. , Casals C. , Ponsá S. , Llenas L. , Colón J.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Despite the industrial and scientific acceptance of life cycle assessment (LCA) to determine the environmental performance of products, none of the existing information on LCA provides explicit and clear recommendations on how to apply it when evaluating bio-based fertilizer (BBF) production systems. This situation affects the reliability of the results and causes confusion among practitioners, technology developers, and other stakeholders. Here, we first present the practitioners’ current LCA methodological choices and then discuss the extent to which LCA standards and guidelines are correctly applied. This review intends to identify LCA methodological application hotspots towards the definition of consensual LCA methodological choices for BBFs.

Method

LCA studies for BBF production systems were reviewed together with currently available LCA standards and guidelines to define which LCA methodological options are adopted by LCA practitioners in the first place, and then to determine whether these options are within the framework of existing LCA standards and guidelines. The results obtained are presented and discussed to finally debate and evidence the need for consensual LCA methodological choices for BBFs.

Results and discussion

A total of 48 documents were reviewed between LCA standards and guidelines (8) and studies (40). Most of the reviewed studies state that BBFs are the main product of the system (30), while the remaining ones state them as secondary products. Although the standards and guidelines statements are interrelated, it is challenging to follow their recommendations when applied in studies evaluating BBF production. For instance, LCA studies do not clearly define the studies’ promotor, motivation, and specific research question which leads to a lack of justification regarding the taken choice between attributional or consequential LCA. Therefore, the next LCA methodological choices such as functional unit, allocation criteria, biogenic carbon management, and end-of-life status of feedstock, are not justified.

Conclusion

It has been evidenced that the lack of consensual LCA methodological choices is affecting the proper use of the LCA by practitioners that aim to assess BBFs production systems. Thus, it shall be imperative for researchers and technology developers to work on the definition of common LCA methodological choices. This study has concluded that more guidance on the process of defining the study’s promotor, motivation, and specific research question is highly needed by practitioners since this would lead to the definition of common goals and scopes, first, and then, set the path to define standard LCA methodological choices.
Crohn’s disease and breast cancer: a literature review of the mechanisms and treatment
Authors: Zhou Sisi , Yu Jing
Published: May 2023

This is a literature review describes Crohn’s disease (CD) concomitant with breast cancer and summarizes possible common pathogenic mechanisms shared by the two diseases involving the IL-17 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and Th17 cells in CD patients can induce activation of the ERK1/2, NF-κB and Bcl-2 pathways. Hub genes are involved in the generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and are related to inflammatory mediators, including CXCL8, IL1-β and PTGS2, which promote inflammation and breast cancer growth, metastasis, and development. CD activity is highly associated with altered intestinal microbiota processes, including secretion of complex glucose polysaccharides by Ruminococcus gnavus colonies; furthermore, γ-proteobacteria and Clostridium are associated with CD recurrence and active CD, while Ruminococcaceae, Faecococcus and Vibrio desulfuris are associated with CD remission. Intestinal microbiota disorder promotes breast cancer occurrence and development. Bacteroides fragilis can produce toxins that induce breast epithelial hyperplasia and breast cancer growth and metastasis. Gut microbiota regulation can also improve chemotherapy and immunotherapy efficacy in breast cancer treatment. Intestinal inflammation can affects the brain through the brain–gut axis, which activates the hypothalamic‒pituitary‒adrenal (HPA) axis to induce anxiety and depression in patients; these effects can inhibit the antitumor immune responses of the immune system and promote breast cancer occurrence in patients with CD. There are few studies on the treatment of patients with CD concomitant with breast cancer, but published studies show three main strategies: new biological agents combined with breast cancer treatment methods, intestinal fecal bacteria transplantation, and dietary treatment.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Advanced Ag-Microalloyed Aluminum Crossover Alloy Tailored for Wire-Arc Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Klein Thomas , Arnoldt Aurel , Gomes Manuel , Barriobero-Vila Pere
Published: May 2023

The implementation of wire-arc directed energy deposition requires the development of novel, process-adapted, high-performance aluminum alloys. Conventional high-strength alloys are, however, difficult to process as they are prone to hot-cracking. Crossover alloys based on Al-Mg-Zn combine good processability with good mechanical properties following artificial aging. Here, we present an effort to further improve the mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Zn crossover alloys using Ag microalloying. No cracks and few porosities were observed in the samples. The microstructure is dominated by fine and globular grains with a grain size ≈ 26.6 µm. The grain structure is essentially free of texture and contains fine microsegregation zones with ≈ 3–5 µm thickness of segregation seams. Upon heat treatment these microsegregation zones are dissolved and T-phase precipitates are formed as clarified by diffraction experiments. This precipitation reaction results in a microhardness of ≈ 155 HV0.1, a yield strength of 391.3 MPa and 418.6 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 452.7 MPa and 529.4 MPa and a fracture strain of 3.4% and 4.4% in transversal and in longitudinal directions, respectively. The gained results suggest that highly loaded structures can be manufactured by wire-arc directed energy deposition using the newly developed aluminum crossover alloy.
Apperceptive and Associative Forms of Phonagnosia
Authors: Gainotti Guido , Quaranta Davide , Luzzi Simona
Published: May 2023

Purpose of Review

Pronagnosia is a rare acquired or developmental pathological condition that consists of a selective difficulty to recognize familiar people by their voices. It can be distinguished into two different categories: apperceptive phonagnosia, which denotes a purely perceptual form of voice recognition disorder; and associative phonagnosia, in which patients have no perceptual defects, but cannot evaluate if the voice of a known person is or not familiar. The neural substrate of these two forms of voice recognition is still controversial, but it could concern different components of the core temporal voice areas and of extratemporal voice processing areas. This article reviews recent research on the neuropsychological and anatomo-clinical aspects of this condition.

Recent Findings

Data obtained in group studies or single case reports of phonagnosic patients suggest that apperceptive phonagnosia might be due to disruption of the core temporal voice areas, bilaterally located in the posterior parts of the superior temporal gyrus, whereas associative phonagnosia might result from impaired access to structures where voice representations are stored, due to a disconnection of these areas from structures of the voice extended system.

Although these results must be confirmed by further investigations, they represent an important step toward understanding the nature and neural substrate of apperceptive and associative forms of phonagnosia.
Transcriptome Sequencing of CeRNA Network Constructing in Status Epilepticus Mice Treated by Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Zhang Shaotian , Zou Huihui , Zou Xiaopei , Ke Jiaqia , Zheng Bofang , Chen Xinrun , Zhou Xianju , Wei Jiana
Published: May 2023

It is shown that great progress was recently made in the treatment of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for neurological and psychiatric diseases. This study aimed to address how rTMS exerted it therapeutic effects by regulating competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA. The distinction of lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA expression in male status epilepticus (SE) mice treated by two different ways, low-frequency rTMS (LF-rTMS) vs. sham rTMS, was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. The Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were carried out. Gene–Gene Cross Linkage Network was established; pivotal genes were screened out. qRT-PCR was used to verify gene–gene interactions. Our results showed that there were 1615 lncRNAs, 510 mRNAs, and 17 miRNAs differentially which were expressed between the LF-rTMS group and the sham rTMS group. The expression difference of these lncRNAs, mRNAs, and miRNAs by microarray detection were consistent with the results by qPCR. GO functional enrichment showed that immune-associated molecular mechanisms, biological processes, and GABA-A receptor activity played a role in SE mice treated with LF-rTMS. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were correlated to T cell receptor signaling pathway, primary immune deficiency and Th17 cell differentiation signaling pathway. Gene–gene cross linkage network was established on the basis of Pearson’s correlation coefficient and miRNA. In conclusion, LF-rTMS alleviates SE through regulating the GABA-A receptor activity transmission, improving immune functions, and biological processes, suggesting the underlying ceRNA molecular mechanisms of LF-rTMS treatment for epilepsy.
SEOM clinical guideline on heritable TP53-related cancer syndrome (2022)
Authors: Sánchez-Heras Ana Beatriz , Ramon y Cajal Teresa , Pineda Marta , Aguirre Elena , Graña Begoña , Chirivella Isabel , Balmaña Judit , Brunet Joan ,   the SEOM Hereditary Cancer Working Group and AEGH Hereditary Cancer Committee
Published: May 2023

Li-Fraumeni syndrome is caused by heterozygous germline pathogenic variants in the TP53 gene. It involves a high risk of a variety of malignant tumors in childhood and adulthood, the main ones being premenopausal breast cancer, soft tissue sarcomas and osteosarcomas, central nervous system tumors, and adrenocortical carcinomas. The variability of the associated clinical manifestations, which do not always fit the classic criteria of Li-Fraumeni syndrome, has led the concept of SLF to extend to a more overarching cancer predisposition syndrome, termed hereditable TP53-related cancer syndrome (hTP53rc). However, prospective studies are needed to assess genotype–phenotype characteristics, as well as to evaluate and validate risk-adjusted recommendations. This guideline aims to establish the basis for interpreting pathogenic variants in the TP53 gene and provide recommendations for effective screening and prevention of associated cancers in carrier individuals.
Architecture and relationships among cognition, mental health and other human domains revealed by network analysis perspective
Authors: Granziol Umberto , Cona Giorgia
Published: May 2023

Despite the connectome or network “era”, the variety of individual facets (e.g., cognition, personality, mental health) are typically studied as separate watertight compartments. This study adopted advanced methodological approaches to (i) highlight a network depicting distinct domains of human mind and behavior, and to (ii) delineate their possible direct influences. Through an Exploratory Graph Analysis on the Human Connectome Project’s database, we found a network composed by seven separate but related domains - Mental Health, Externalizing problems, High-level Cognitive Functions, Basic Cognitive Functions, Substances use/abuse, Reward Delay Discounting and Pain - unveiling a low dimensionality of human mind and behavior. Finally, by applying Bayesian Networks on this model, we observed that some facets have also specific and oriented relationships, while other facets are instead independent from each other. In such a way, we drew a potential architecture of individual’s facets that can pave the way for future neuroimaging studies and clinical practice.
The $$\infty $$-Elastica Problem on a Riemannian Manifold
Authors: Gallagher Ed , Moser Roger
Published: May 2023

We consider the following problem: on any given complete Riemannian manifold (M, g), among all curves which have fixed length as well as fixed endpoints and tangents at the endpoints, minimise the $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

norm of the curvature. We show that the solutions of this problem, as well as a wider class of curves, must satisfy a second-order ODE system. From this system,we obtain some geometric information about the behaviour of the curves.