bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The content of 3-hydroxyaminobtilyric acid, free insulin, and glucagon in patients with pancreatic diabetes
Authors: Teruo Nakamura , Kendzi Kudou , Akinori Terada , Masataka Ishii
Published: October 2019

It is known that patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have a violation of insulin secretion. When insulin is discontinued or when exposed to stress, they can quickly develop diabetic ketoacidosis. The reason for this is a decrease in the content of free insulin in the blood. Patients with pancreatic diabetes (PD) (according to the WHO classification: diabetes associated with pancreatic disease) also have an endogenous violation of insulin secretion. However, they have less frequent diabetic ketoacidosis. Of 92 patients with chronic pancreatitis and PD, 11 (12%) patients had a history of positive reaction to ketone bodies at least once, and only 3 patients had ketoacidosis. When studying the excretion of a C-peptide with urine, it turned out that its content was not determined or was very insignificant both in patients with PD and patients with IDDM. Consequently, the origin of ketoacidosis cannot be associated only with the ability of the pancreas to secrete insulin. This article examined the mechanisms of ketoacidosis in patients with PD and IDDM. The activity of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HMC) in the blood was determined as an indicator. At the same time, the content of free insulin and glucagon was measured.
Osseous changes in the foot of a diabetic child
Authors: Remizov O. V , Bukhman A. I. , Kurayeva T. L.
Published: October 2019

Diabetic osteoarthropathy (DOAP) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and occurs, as a rule, in people over 30 years old. In most cases, DOAP is observed in women with insulin-dependent diabetes and with a disease duration of more than 10 years. The frequency of this complication ranges from 0.2 to 0.5%. DOAP is characterized by a unilateral lesion of the feet. Early clinical symptoms are thickening and erythema of the skin. As the disease progresses, deformations of bones and joints develop. Radiologically in these cases, osteolysis, osteoporosis, bone fragmentation, joint disintegration are determined. A histological examination, as a rule, reveals an increase in osteoclastic activity with bone resorption and proliferation of connective tissue, as well as aseptic vascular necrosis.
Functional activity of ATP-dependent K+ channels of pancreatic beta-cells in experimental diabetes mellitus and their reaction to sulfonylurea agents
Authors: Babichev V. N. , Ignatyev N. S. , Balabolkin M. I.
Published: October 2019

Analysis of the status of ATP-dependent K+ channels of pancreatic beta cells functionally attenuated under the effect of streptozotocin and simultaneous assessment of their reaction to sulfonylamide agents glybenclamide, glipizid, and glyclazid showed highly specific response of the tested ionic channels under the effect of both glucose and sulfonylurea agents. Analysis of the time course of electrophysiological processes coursing in them showed appreciable changes in the time of the channel closing, which led to deceleration of insulin secretion starting from the moment of exposure to glucose or sulfonylurea agents till exocytosis of insulin quantum. Glybenclamide proved to be the most active of the tested agents as regards their secretogenic properties.
Three cases of mucoromycosis in patients with diabetes mellitus
(Moscow region)
Authors: Dreval' A. V. , Gubkina V. A. , Kamynina T. S. , Loseva V. A. , Mel'nikova E. V. , Zenger V. G. , Ashurov Z. M. , Isaev V. M. , Sloeva A. I. , Makarenko M. F. , Ryabtseva A. A. , Luchkov M. Yu. , Kryuchkova G. S.
Published: October 2019

Mucoromycosis is an aggressive fungal infection, the so-called phytomycosis is a general term for the spectrum of diseases caused by Mucorales class fungi [2]. Mucoromycosis is rare in Northern Europe (occasionally imported from the countries of the Mediterranean or America), which often leads to fatal diagnostic errors. In the last decade, cases of mucoromycosis have been reported in the Moscow region; our experience in treating this disease may prove useful to endocrinologists.
La investigación creación: pensando lo relacional y diferencial
Authors: Gómez Pedro Pablo
Published: October 2019

Cuando nos preguntamos por el papel del arte, como una forma legítima de conocimiento sensible, en el entramado problemático de la sociedad del siglo XXI, nos damos cuenta también de la lucha por el control del conocimiento que se libra en todas partes, en esta época de globalización de la economía, de crisis ontológicas, ecológicas, epistémicas, sistémicas y civilizatorias. Una época que al mismo tiempo es un lugar para los retos mundiales, retos que se beben abordar desde perspectivas globales y también desde los lugares particulares y los cuerpos marcados por las huellas de esas disputas.
Ritmo, timbre y espacio como expresión musical
Authors: Rincón Estrada Fernando
Published: October 2019

El artículo se enfoca en la descripción y análisis de una colección de trabajos que abordan aspectos del sonido ocupando el espacio. Dichos aspectos se refieren a componentes internos en timbre y ritmo y cómo estos pueden influenciar la percepción y proyección del sonido. Estos trabajos también abordan la interacción entre espacios físicos y virtuales y los atributos espaciales del sonido en relación con timbre y ritmo. La composición de timbres sirve como base fundamental para el material musical contenido en los trabajos, usando la síntesis de sonido y técnicas extendidas como paradigma para la articulación e instrumentación del sonido en capas verticales y horizontales. El ritmo no es solo un parámetro para articular tiempo; también puede ser el parámetro que articula el material musical. Las relaciones de timbre y ritmo sirven como substancia expresiva en la elaboración de paisajes sonoros de inmersión que son moldeados por tiempo y memoria.
Diacronía sobre el fenómeno Big-Band en Colombia
Authors: Cáceres Cortés Henry José
Published: October 2019

En el interior de la historia musical de Colombia hicieron presencia las orquestas Big-Band; por intermedio de ellas se instauraron procesos de desarrollo artístico musical, debido a estos acontecimientos nacieron diversos movimientos musicales condensados en forma de expresiones de todo tipo, que causaron hasta la actualidad transformaciones culturales sobre todo en el ámbito musical, fueron considerables los músicos que a través de su magia, de su tenacidad y pasión dejaron magnífica herencia a las generaciones presentes y venideras, contribuyendo de esta manera a la reproducción de la música elaborada por las distintas agrupaciones musicales, que aparecen en la escena de las diferentes regiones del país en un estricto orden cronológico, cabe mencionar además que sucesos tales como el progreso en las vías terrestres y el perfeccionamiento de la radio desempeñaron incuestionables papeles integradores para crear nuevos prototipos musicales productos de la fusión con las músicas folclóricas fundidas con las orquestas de gran formato, hasta estructurar el patrimonio musical nacional en rincones y diversas regiones del país.
Letra, huella, trazo: reflexión sobre la historia, la memoria y el olvido desde el sentipensar
Authors: Muñoz Gómez Jesús Holmes
Published: October 2019

El ejercicio vital de rememoración a manera de viaje al pasado en el que permanentemente nos vemos inmersos en condición de seres pensantes, sintientes y actuantes y la respectiva influencia en cada una de las dimensiones de nuestro ser presente, ha despertado mi interés por reflexionar sobre la memoria asumida como un legado que se obtiene de manera progresiva desde y por medio de lo vivido. Este artículo presenta de manera poético reflexiva algunos principios básicos producto de esta aventura desplegada en el espacio y el tiempo para comprender la memoria y la corporeidad
Los Grabados populares de Álvaro Barrios y su relación con los ready-made de Marcel Duchamp
Authors: Arias Albeiro
Published: October 2019

El presente ensayo, aborda los Grabados populares de Álvaro Barrios para establecer sus orígenes, desarrollo y aportes a la historia del grabado colombiano. Para ello, se hará un recorrido por algunas de las series más conocidas para definir el concepto de Grabado popular, sus características principales y diferencias frente al grabado tradicional, dilucidar cómo “expande” el concepto de grabado y establecer la relación conceptual con el ready-made de Marcel Duchamp.
Diseño de red óptica de larga distancia reconfigurable
Authors: Pérez Almeida Sergio Alejandro , Puerto Leguizamón Gustavo Adolfo
Published: October 2019

Actualmente, las redes de fibra óptica están en proceso de implementación en todo el mundo ya que poseenventajas frente a las redes tradicionales, entre ellas el aumento de la cobertura y altas velocidades de transmisión; sin embargo, las redes de acceso de fibra óptica para largas distancias son ahora un tema de investigación, debido a que el aumento de las distancias involucra factores limitantes como el de la atenuación y la dispersión, los cuales degradan el rendimiento de la red. En este artículo de investigación se propone el diseño de una red óptica de larga distancia con un enfoque PON (Passive Optical Network) y capacidades multicanal, la cual es reconfigurable por medio de switches ópticos y AWG (Arrayed Waveguide Gratings). Se indican los cálculos realizados, así como el diseño de los nodos de distribución. Finalmente, el sistema es simulado y analizado para determinar la viabilidad de la red.
Sistema de telemetría para medición de elevaciones y depresiones
Authors: Córdoba Poveda Cristian Camilo , Barbosa Cortes David Alejandro , Castañeda Tibaquirá Dora Lilia
Published: October 2019

Se presenta el desarrollo de un sistema de telemetría para la medición de depresiones y elevaciones en un terreno baldío, implementado en un vehículo aéreo no tripulado (UAV, por sus siglas en inglés), con el fin de obtener información que permita conocer la altura del suelo (elevación o depresión) con su respectiva posición geográfica. La información capturada por dicho sistema es almacenada en una memoria SD y, a su vez, es transmitida inalámbricamente para que pueda ser utilizada por el usuario logrando identificar las características de altura del suelo relevantes sin que se genere algún tipo de inconveniente en un futuro.
Fuzzy control of quadrotor Ar. Drone 2.0 in a controlled environment
Authors: Campos Archila Fernando , Pinzón Saavedra Valentina , Robayo Betancourt Faiber
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to describe the design and implementation of the height control system for the quadrotor AR. Drone 2.0 making use of a fuzzy logic in a previously established environment. This device has a height control system both in simulation and in the real platform. Three controllers are developed by fuzzy logic whose parameters are obtained from the drone's sensors in such a way that it allows to control height and angles of orientation (Pitch, Roll and Yaw) as long as certain levels of battery charge are considered so that the system does not become unstable. For the visualization and interaction with the drone a Matlab® interface is designed and implemented, that allows communication between the user and all system functions in such a way that the mode of execution can be chosen, follow the reference parameters autonomously, store data for a later analysis, and visualize the displacements to observe the efficiency of system.
Software for adult cardiac dynamic through dynamic systems
Authors: Rodríguez Velásquez Javier Oswaldo , Páez Páez Jaime Alberto , Correa Herrera Sandra Catalina , Prieto Bohórquez Signed Esperanza , Castro Fernández Mario Fernando , Montenegro Marín Carlos Enrique , Cortes Méndez Jairo Augusto
Published: October 2019

The normal and abnormal behavior of an adult heart dynamics and its state of evolution towards one of these two states has been characterized successfully in the context of the theory of dynamic systems and probability. The diagnostic methodology of clinical application designed under these two theories has managed to evaluate in an objective and reproducible way the cardiac dynamics from the values of the frequency of the Holter registers. The automation of this methodology through the design of a software that can be docked in any operating system for PC, and contributes as a diagnostic aid tool to generate more timely responses to the patient's clinical condition. Additionally, the values of the probability of these spaces occupied by the attractor, calculated by the Software, allow using an interface that can be consulted by the specialist to evaluate how far a cardiac dynamic is from normality, analyzing in this way the effectiveness of the treatment.
Evaluation of hyperparameters in CNN for detecting patterns in images
Authors: Jiménez Moreno Robinson , Avilés Oscar , Ovalle Diana Marcela
Published: October 2019

Deep learning techniques have emerged as an effective solution to the problems of current pattern recognition techniques, such as neural networks. Within these new techniques, the convolutional neural networks (CNN) offer an integration to the recognition of patterns in images, given by the traditional set of images processing plus neuronal networks. This article presents the analysis of the different hyper parameters that imply the training of a CNN, which allows to validate the effects on the accuracy of the network. It is used as a base the recognition of electric energy meters, obtaining a network with an accuracy of 96.32 %.
Risk and resolutive capacity in the transmedia clinical technology platform
Authors: Caicedo Escobar Carlos Hernán , Smida Alí
Published: October 2019

This article presents in detail a reflection on the design of health organizations and the problems arising from the incongruence between the incorporation of technology and the specialized personnel, which affects the resolution capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to understand both the value chain like the collective imaginary about risk, safety, clinical microsystems and clinical management, in an environment of increasing informational intensity, not only in processes but also in sociality built from digital networks. The results are derived from two Research Projects carried out on Colombian Hospitals in which the Clinical Engineering Group participated. The document is composed of nine parts: history of clinical engineering, problems of duality in the complexity declared by hospitals and problems associated with digital transmedia clinic; Problems of duality in the complexity declared by the Institutions providing services (IPS); Problems associated with medical devices in highly complex hospitals; Collective imaginary and devices; risk; Technology and security; Organizational knowledge and learning; Transmedia clinical technology platform; Value chain and full resolution capability; concluding with: clinical microsystems and clinical management.
El progreso del pensamiento científico y la metodología Paduana
Authors: López González Rosendo
Published: October 2019

suele ser recurrente indicar que el desarrollo del pensamiento científico no se detiene. Por lo que, en coherencia, en el presente artículo se describe tal proceso ilustrando la evolución de un nuevo modelo del saber científico tomando como punto de partida la Grecia clásica y los aportes de Aristóteles registrados en su memorable Metafísica apurándose en darle a la evidencia empírica una construcción teórica registrando las bases de una ciencia de lo general. A este nuevo modelo, tomado en el siglo XII por el occidente cristiano donde es dogmatizado, Tomás de Aquino en el siglo XIII logra consumarle una simbiosis entre el pensamiento aristotélico y la fe cristiana. En respuesta a esa asociación, el humanismo renacentista construye otro modelo del saber científico. El documento  destaca, en esta última vía, las ideas de Galilei Galileo esbozadas en la denominada metodología paduana, por ser desarrollada en la Universidad de Padua fue maestro de física entre 1592 y 1610.
El caso de la risa en la pintura del Nuevo Reino de Granada como dispositivo de proto-disciplinamiento
Authors: Pinzón Hernández Nicole
Published: October 2019

En medio de una sociedad sacralizada, la Nueva Granada del siglo XVII se constituyó como escenario en auge de la pintura colonial. Con las disposiciones de Contrarreforma y tridentinas, los manuales de pintura, hagiografías y láminas europeas, las representaciones sagradas se dieron bajo la mirada inquisidora de la iglesia, configurando así un discurso visual centrado en la retórica y la persuasión. Por lo tanto, considerando el término acuñado por Foucault y estudiado por Agamben de dispositivo, este artículo pretende aplicarlo al uso que dio la iglesia a la pintura como herramienta de adoctrinamiento, más específicamente como dispositivo de proto-disciplinamiento del cuerpo social, y centrando dicho dispositivo en la representación dicotómica de la risa, por un lado enmarcada en el deber ser, la sumisión, la templanza y lo sagrado, y por otro lado como síntesis de las prácticas a evitar, lo profano, los vicios y la condena eterna.
Tabel Hidup Nyamuk Vektor Filariasis Limfatik Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) di Laboratorium
Authors: Ramadhani Tri , Yuliani Vina , Hadi Upik Kesumawati , Soviana Susi , Irawati Zubaidah
Published: October 2019

Latar belakang: Kelangsungan hidup nyamuk merupakan aspek yang penting dalam penularan penyakit tular vektor. Culex quinquefasciatus merupakan vektor filariasis limfatik yang disebabkan oleh wuchereria bancrofti. Pengetahuan kehidupan nyamuk berperan penting dalam keberhasilan program pengendalian vektor. Tujuan penelitian ini mendiskripsikan tabel hidup nyamuk Cx. quinquefasciatus di laboratorium.Metode: Penelitian diawali dengan koleksi larva Cx. quinquefasciatus di  Kota Pekalongan, kemudian diidentifikasi dan kolonisasi dalam kondisi laboratorium. Parameter yang diukur meliputi masa inkubasi, ekslosi, eksdisis, ketahanan hidup, laju reproduksi, waktu generasi dan laju pertumbuhan intrinsik.  Hasil: Cx. quinquefasciatus mempunyai siklus hidup 12.5 hari. Umur telur, larva, dan pupa masing-masing adalah 2.07; 10.2; dan  2.25 hari. Nyamuk jantan mempunyai ketahanan hidup yang lebih pendek dibandingkan betina. Laju reproduksi  bersih (Ro) sebesar 196.75, laju pertumbuhan intrinsik 0.35  dan waktu generasi (T) 14.91 hari.Simpulan: Pertumbuhan populasi Cx. quinquefasciatus  dapat diatur dan dikendalikan oleh kelulusan hidup dan mortalitas. ABSTRACTTitle: The Live Table of Vector Lymphatic Filariasis Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the LaboratoryBackground: The survival of a mosquito is an important aspect in the transmission of vector borne disease. Culex quinquefasciatus, which is a vector of lymphatic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti. The knowledge of mosquito life is important in providing the foundation for the success of the vector control program. The research  aim to describe the life table Cx. quinquefasciatus in the laboratoryMethods:. This study was originated from the collecting larve  of Cx. quinquefasciatus from Pekalongan City, which were then identified and colonized under laboratory conditions. Parameters measured include the incubation period, ekslosi, eksdisis, survival rate, reproduction rate, and generation time.Results:The results showed that Cx. quinquefasciatus has a 12.5 day life cycle. Egg, larva, and pupa respectively were 2.07; 10.2; and 2.25 days. The males have a shorter survival period compared to  the  females. The net  reproductive  rate  (Ro)  was  196.75;  the  intrinsic  growth  rate  (rm)  was  0.35  and  the average generation time (T) was 14.91 days.Conclusion : The population growth of Culex quinquefasciatus can be regulated and controlled by life graduation and mortality
Metode Pengenalan Tempat Secara Visual Berbasis Fitur CNN untuk Navigasi Robot di Dalam Gedung
Authors: Afrisal Hadha
Published: October 2019

Place recognition algorithm based-on visual sensor is crucial to be developed especially for an application of indoor robot navigation in which a Ground Positioning System (GPS) is not reliable to be utilized. This research compares the approach of place recognition of using learned-features from a model of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) against conventional methods, such as Bag of Words (BoW) with SIFT features and Histogram of Oriented Uniform Patterns (HOUP) with its Local Binary Patterns (LBP). This research finding shows that the performance of our approach of using learned-features with transfer learning method from pre-trained CNN AlexNet is better than the conventional methods based-on handcrafted-features such as BoW and HOUP.
Manajemen Alokasi Bandwidth Layanan Internet Menggunakan Fractional Knapsack Problem
Authors: Muttaqi Ahmad Rizaqu , Wahjuni Sri , Neyman Shelvie Nidya
Published: October 2019

The technical problems faced in e-government implemented by the Ministry of Religion of Indonesia since 2015 are minimal bandwidth requirements to provide information services and behavior of users who access entertainment sites. When peak hours occur, the congested network often occurs which becomes a significant bottleneck. This study aims to implement bandwidth management using the fractional knapsack problem method by limiting access to entertainment services. The QoS parameters used in this management are throughput, delay, and jitter. The method was tested using a paired t-test using throughput, jitter, and delay test parameters by comparing test parameters before and after bandwidth management applied. The significance value produced is between 75-85%. The method used can control the amount of traffic for each service, but on the other, hand the delay and jitter are still high. It is necessary to add additional free space to each service that can be used when needed to reduce the delay and jitter.
Predictive Adaptive Test with Selective Weighted Bayesian Through Questions and Answers Patterns to Measure Student Competency Levels
Authors: Matulatan Tekad , Bettiza Martaleli , Rathomi Muhamad Radzi , Ritha Nola , Hayaty Nurul
Published: October 2019

Computer Assisted Testing (CAT) system in Indonesia has been commonly used but only to displaying random exam questions and unable to detect the maximum performance of the test participants. This research proposes a simple way with a good level of accuracy in identifying the maximum ability of test participants. By applying the Bayesian probabilistic in the selection of random questions with a weight of difficulties, the system can obtain optimal results from participants compared to sequential questions. The accuracy of the system measured on the choice of questions at the maximum level of the examinee alleged ability by the system, compared to the correct answer from participants gives an average accuracy of 75% compared to 33% sequentially. This technique allows tests to be carried out in a shorter time without repetition, which can affect the fatigue of the test participants in answering questions.
An Examination of Corporate Performance and Altman Z-Scores of Indian Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Liang Foo See , Pathak Shaakalya
Published: October 2019

India is a key leading economy in the Asia Pacific region. This study examines the relationship between the financial health, as measured by the Altman Z-Score, and corporate performance, as measured by the Return on Equity (ROE), of listed manufacturing companies in this market. A linear regression has been conducted between these variables to determine the magnitude and direction of their relationships. The trends of Z-Scores over a five-year period have also been analysed. The analysis covers the period from 2013 to 2017 (inclusive) and yields a statistically positive correlation between ROE and the Z-Score for the market. India registered moderate-to-strong mean and median Z-Scores. These findings further support the strong economic position of this market as an Asian giant.
A High Performing Group: Relationship between Group Cohesiveness and Work Performance
Authors: Rahman Reezlin , Abdullah Najmiah , Awang Zurina
Published: October 2019

Working in groups generates more diversity output. A successful organizations usually have a high-performance teams to work together. High-performing teams comprise of structured members who are always aware and ready in every job task. In fact, a minimum supervision can be implemented to this team in order to achieve the organization objectives. One of the criteria that contributes to a high performing team is the group cohesiveness. The cohesiveness of the group will make the group members always united and prioritize the group in an effort to complete a job task. Not exaggerate that, each member of the group will do whatever it takes to achieve the final goal of the group. Among the factors that lead to group cohesiveness are through communication, understandable objectives and group member’s commitment. To ensure the cohesiveness of the group continues, the management should set the organizational goals, provide a conducive working environment, setting clear the goal, expectations and responsibilities, provide appropriate training and staffing and also empower them to act. In a simple understanding, the higher the cohesion in a group, the greater the performance of the work in an organization.

Keywords: High Performance Group, Cohesiveness, Job Performance
Titi INFLUENCES OF BRAND EXPERIENCE, BRAND TRUST, AND BRAND LOVE TOWARD PURCHASE INTENTION BY WORD OF MOUTH AND BRAND LOYALTY AS INTERVENING VARIABLES IN FASHION BRANDED IN EAST SURABAYA
Authors: Sukarman Titi Murtiningsih
Published: October 2019

The fashion industrial growth is seen from many and many retail shops and modern shopping centers that emerge, especially Surabaya city. Brand has special emotional bond created between consumers and company, so consumer love toward some brand will give positive impacts. This research aims to know influences of brand experience, brand trust, and brand love toward purchase intention by word of mouth and brand loyalty as intervening variables in fashion branded in East Surabaya. The approach used is quantitative method by causal research type. The research samples are fashion branded users of Nike brand in East Surabaya as 190 respondents. The instruments used are questionnaires by using Likert scale. The analysis technique chosen for analyzing data and testing hypothesis in this research The Structural Equation Model (SEM). The research results show that Brand Experience and Brand Trust influence toward Word of Mouth in Fashion Branded in East Surabaya. Brand Experience does not influence significantly but it has positive influence directions toward Purchase Intention in Fashion Branded in East Surabaya. Brand Experience influences toward Brand Loyalty in Fashion Branded in East Surabaya. Brand Trust influences toward Purchase Intention in Fashion Branded in East Surabaya. Brand Trust does not influence significantly but it has positive influences toward Brand Loyalty in Fashion Branded in East Surabaya. Brand Love does not influence significantly but it has positive influence directions toward Word of Mouth in Fashion Branded in East Surabaya. Brand Love does not influence significantly but it has positive influence directions toward Purchase Intention in Fashion Branded in East Surabaya. Brand Love does not influence toward Brand Loyalty. Word of Mouth and Brand Loyalty influence toward Purchase Intention in Fashion Branded in East Surabaya.
SUSTAINABILITY Of AGRICULTURE: THE NEOLITHIC DILEMMA
Authors: Flynn Dave
Published: October 2019

Water resources are being threatened by the use of fertilizers in farming in developing and developed countries. Significant changes are required of the world farming community to use more sustainable agricultural practices, otherwise the availability of clean water resources will reach catastrophically low levels worldwide. Suggestions are provided for reaching sustainable outcomes as the agriculture industry is necessary for feeding an ever growing world population.
Savings and investment equality does not prevail according to Keynesian definitions
Authors: Bánfi Tamás
Published: October 2019

Aside from the general government and the non-resident sector, textbooks on macroeconomics uniformly define the following correlation under the terms investment and saving: I = S. The I = S equality is naturally and legitimately interpreted by macroeconomic textbooks almost without exception as the equality between intended investments and intended savings, because the equality ‒ if we accept it ‒ is not only a definitive identity, but generally the outcome of market mechanisms that take time. Keynes’s first critic was Robertson who claimed that “his analysis corresponded to what common-sense proclaims (even to the simple-minded) to be the essence of the matter; namely, the power possessed by the public and by the monetary authority to alter the rates of income flow – the former by putting money into and out of store, the latter by putting it into and out of existence. Thus, in his definition, I = S + (A + B), in which A is new money and B is reactivated idle balances. ” Robertson's comment could have been addressed with a simple correction, and the tool used for funding the expansion of state (public) investments, i.e. the government deficit financed by the creation of new money, is a consistent element of the theoretical framework.
Strengthening civil society organizations:
Authors: Gutiérrez-Diez María del Carmen , Reyes López José Gerardo , Alvarado Yañez Jorge Arturo , Sapién Aguilar Alma Lilia , Piñón Howlet Laura Cristina
Published: October 2019

The relevance of Civil Society Organizations (CSO) is growing. Due to this, it is pertinent to look for strategies that strengthen them. This work seeks to compare five different theoretical models associated with the strength, institutional capacities, and maturity of CSOs, which allows the integration of a system for evaluating them. Through a documentary and bibliographic analysis, with a descriptive scope, the components and concepts of strength and maturity of each of the models studied are described and contrasted. The results allows to establish the fundamentals for the conceptualization of an evaluation system based on these concepts.
Der Marrakesch-Vertrag und seine Umsetzung in Deutschland
Authors: Möller Christiane
Published: October 2019

Der „Vertrag von Marrakesch zur Erleichterung des Zugangs für blinde, sehbehinderte oder anderweitig lesebehinderte Personen zu veröffentlichten Werken“ (kurz: „Marrakesch-Vertrag“) gilt heute in 57 Ländern der Erde und regelt in 22 Artikeln die von den Vertragsstaaten umzusetzenden Anpassungsregelungen im Urheberrecht zugunsten von Menschen mit Seh- und Lesebehinderungen. In den Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union trat der Vertrag am 1. Januar 2019 in Kraft. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie im deutschen Urheberrecht die oben genannten Anpassungsregelungen erfolgen.
Patheticness and the Mundane Phenomenalisation of Transcendence according to Kierkegaard
Authors: Gołębiewska Maria
Published: October 2019

Referring to the Platonic division between the transcendent and the immanent world as but a manifestation of the former, Søren Kierkegaard grasped the phenomenal character of the earthly world. According to Kierkegaard, in Transcendence, God is, and the transcendent Ideas exist as patterns of beings given to us in temporality, the fontal phenomenal character of which (as manifestations) intertwines with the real mundane ontological character. Kierkegaard argued against the Hegelian theory of dialectics, as well as the pathos theory, presenting dialecticity and patheticness as two ways in which the existing subject refers to the immanent world of temporality and the spiritual realm of Transcendence. The process of phenomenalisation, accomplished along with the existence of all earthly beings, is accompanied by a singular, subjective response of each individual to the immanent world. This response assumes the form of a dialectical balanced reaction, or a pathetic, hyperbolic, in the aesthetic, ethical and religious stages of individual existence (in the religious stage, it is a response to the world of Transcendence). The paper is dedicated to discussing the relations of the process of the phenomenalisation of Transcendence to its individual, religious responses, particularly the relations to the pathetic type of religious response, as indicated by Kierkegaard.
Landscape degradation in the world and in Hungary
Authors: Kertész Ádám , Křeček Josef
Published: October 2019

The concept of landscape degradation interprets the process in landscape ecological sense, i.e. the degradation of one landscape forming factor leads to the degradation of the whole landscape. The consequence is a persistent decline in land productivity and in the provision of other ecosystem services. Global environmental change is driven mainly by human influence in the Anthropocene with an exponentially growing significance in time. Global environmental processes are very much interrelated. Because of population growth more food, fibre, clean water, energy etc. will be needed and there are two ways to achieve this, either to gain new areas for cultivation by changing present land use or to intensify cultivation in the areas with the best conditions for cultivation. Deforestation and forest degradation are dealt with in detail in the paper. The introduction of soil degradation processes follows the system given in the EEA Environmental Assessment Report (2003). The effect of landscape degradation on ecosystem services is well explained by the fact that approximately 20 per cent of the Earth’s vegetated surface shows persistent declining trends in productivity, mainly as a result of land/water use and management practices (UNCCD 2017). Landscape degradation processes of Hungary are discussed in the paper, including sheet, gully and wind erosion, soil sealing, salinization, physical degradation, landslides, desertification. An estimation of the aesthetical value of the landscape is provided as well concluding that the surface of the country represents a relatively high aesthetical value. The main conclusion is that Hungarian landscapes are well maintained and they belong to the most precious European landscapes. It should be added that all degradation processes represent important environmental problems to be combatted on the basis of a well-established policy making.
Premotor Cortical-Cerebellar Reorganization in a Macaque Model of Primary Motor Cortical Lesion and Recovery
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuya , Hayashi Takuya , Murata Yumi , Ose Takayuki , Higo Noriyuki
Published: October 2019

Neuromotor systems have the capacity for functional recovery following local damage. The literature suggests a possible role for the premotor cortex and cerebellum in motor recovery. However, the specific changes to interactions between these areas following damage remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate potential rewiring of connections from the ipsilesional ventral premotor cortex (ip-PMv) to cerebellar structures in a nonhuman primate model of primary motor cortex (M1) lesion and motor recovery. Cerebellar connections arising from the ip-PMv were investigated by comparing biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) between two groups of maleMacaca mulatta: M1-lesion/motor recovery group and intact group. There were more BDA-labeled boutons and axons in all ipsilesional deep cerebellar nuclei (fastigial, interposed, and dentate) in the M1-lesion/recovery group than in the intact group. The difference was evident in the ipsilesional fastigial nucleus (ip-FN), and particularly observed in its middle, a putative somatosensory region of the ip-FN, which was characterized by absent or little expression of aldolase C. Some of the altered projections from the ip-PMv to ip-FN neurons were confirmed as functional because the synaptic markers, synaptophysin and vesicular glutamate transporter 1, were colocalized with BDA-labeled boutons. These results suggest that the adult primate brain after motor lesions can reorganize large-scale networks to enable motor recovery by enhancing sensorimotor coupling and motor commands via rewired fronto-cerebellar connections.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDamaging the motor cortex causes motor deficits, which can be recovered over time. Such motor recovery may result from functional compensation in remaining neuromotor areas, including the ventral premotor cortex. We investigated compensatory changes in neural axonal outputs from ventral premotor to deep cerebellar nuclei in a monkey model of primary motor cortical lesion and motor recovery. The results showed an increase in premotor projections and synaptic formations in deep cerebellar nuclei, especially the sensorimotor region of the fastigial nucleus. Our results provide the first evidence that large-scale reorganization of fronto-cerebellar circuits may underlie functional recovery after motor cortical lesions.
Against Slave Power? Slavery and Runaway Slaves in Mexico-United States Relations, 1821–1857
Authors: Gurza-Lavalle Gerardo
Published: October 2019

This work analyses the diplomatic conflicts that slavery and the problem of runaway slaves provoked in relations between Mexico and the United States from 1821 to 1857. Slavery became a source of conflict after the colonization of Texas. Later, after the US-Mexico War, slaves ran away into Mexican territory, and therefore slaveholders and politicians in Texas wanted a treaty of extradition that included a stipulation for the return of fugitives. This article contests recent historiography that considers the South (as a region) and southern politicians as strongly influential in the design of foreign policy, putting into question the actual power not only of the South but also of the United States as a whole. The problem of slavery divided the United States and rendered the pursuit of a proslavery foreign policy increasingly difficult. In addition, the South never acted as a unified bloc; there were considerable differences between the upper South and the lower South. These differences are noticeable in the fact that southerners in Congress never sought with enough energy a treaty of extradition with Mexico. The article also argues that Mexico found the necessary leeway to defend its own interests, even with the stark differential of wealth and resources existing between the two countries.

El presente trabajo analiza los conflictos diplomáticos entre México y Estados Unidos que fueron provocados por la esclavitud y el problema de los esclavos fugitivos entre 1821 y 1857. La esclavitud se convirtió en fuente de conflicto tras la colonización de Texas. Más tarde, después de la guerra Mexico-Estados Unidos, algunos esclavos se fugaron al territorio mexicano y por lo tanto dueños y políticos solicitaron un tratado de extradición que incluyera una estipulación para el retorno de los fugitivos. Este artículo disputa la idea de la historiografía reciente que considera al Sur (en cuanto región), así como a los políticos sureños, como grandes influencias en el diseño de la política exterior, y pone en tela de juicio el verdadero poder no sólo del Sur sino de Estados Unidos en su conjunto. El problema de la esclavitud dividió a Estados Unidos y dificultó cada vez más el impulso de una política exterior que favoreciera la esclavitud. Además, el Sur jamás operó como unidad: había diferencias marcadas entre el Alto Sur y el Bajo Sur. Estas diferencias se observan en el hecho de que los sureños en el Congreso jamás se esforzaron en buscar con suficiente energía un tratado de extradición con México. El artículo también sostiene que México halló el margen de maniobra necesario para defender sus propios intereses, pese a los fuertes contrastes de riqueza y recursos entre los dos países.
Trunk fat and leg fat in relation to free triiodothyronine in euthyroid postmenopausal women
Authors: Nie Xiaomin , Xu Yiting , Ma Xiaojing , Shen Yun , Wang Yufei , Bao Yuqian
Published: October 2019

Background

A high level of free triiodothyronine (FT3) within the reference range may be a potential metabolic risk marker. However, the relationship between different fat depots and FT3 has remained unclear.

Objective

We aimed to explore the relationships between segmental fat distribution and FT3 in euthyroid middle-aged and elderly men and postmenopausal women.

Methods

A total of 891 subjects (394 men and 497 women) were enrolled. A bioelectrical impedance analyzer was used to measure total, trunk, arm and leg fat mass (FM) and fat percentage (fat%). The leg fat mass to trunk fat mass ratio (LTR) was calculated to evaluate the relative distribution of leg fat compared with that of trunk fat. Thyroid hormones were measured by electrochemical luminescence immunoassay.

Results

FT3 in men did not change significantly with increases in LTR quartiles, while FT3 in women decreased significantly (P for trend = 0.004). In multivariate linear regression analysis, multiple metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors were adjusted. The LTR was negatively related to FT3 in women (P < 0.05). After further mutual adjustment for trunk fat and leg fat parameters, trunk FM and fat% were positively related to FT3, while leg FM and fat% were negatively related to FT3 in women (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

In euthyroid postmenopausal women, trunk fat was positively correlated with FT3, whereas leg fat was negatively correlated with FT3. Our findings supported that a high level of FT3 within the reference range was related to adverse fat distribution.
Diabetic myonecrosis: an uncommon diabetic complication
Authors: Kempegowda Punith , Melson Eka , Langman Gerald , Khattar Fady , Karamat Muhammad , Altaf Quratul-Ain
Published: October 2019

Diabetic myonecrosis, also known as diabetic muscle infarction is a rare complication of diabetes mellitus usually associated with longstanding suboptimal glycaemic control. Although theories of atherosclerosis, diabetic microangiopathy, vasculitis, ischaemia-reperfusion injury and hypercoagulable state have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology, none of these have been able to individually explain the pathophysiology in entirety. Diabetic renal disease is the most common risk factor for developing DMN and its recurrence. The diagnosis is often missed due to lack of awareness and the presentation mimicking other conditions associated with DM. The routine laboratory investigations are often non-specific and do not provide much value in the diagnosis as well. Muscle biopsy can provide a definite diagnosis but is not currently recommended due to its invasiveness and association with prolonged time to symptoms resolution. Magnetic resonance imaging, in combination with classic history and risk factors can clinch the diagnosis. Treatment is generally analgesia and rest, although the former’s use may be limited in the presence of renal disease.

Learning points:

Diabetic myonecrosis is a rare complication of diabetes mellitus associated with longstanding suboptimal glycaemic control.

Diabetic renal disease is a known risk factor, although the evidence is merely observational.

Although muscle biopsy could provide a definite diagnosis, it is not recommended as it can prolong the disease process and should be reserved only for cases not responding to conventional treatment.

Typical MRI findings in combination with classic symptoms and risk factors can clinch the diagnosis

Current treatment recommendations include NSAIDs and/or aspirin (if not contraindicated) alongside bed rest. Physiotherapy is not recommended in the acute phase but should be started as soon as patient is discharged from hospital.

Optimal glycaemic control is key to prevent recurrence.
Association of adrenal insufficiency with patient-oriented health-care outcomes in adult medical inpatients
Authors: Ebrahimi Fahim , Widmer Andrea , Wagner Ulrich , Mueller Beat , Schuetz Philipp , Christ-Crain Mirjam , Kutz Alexander
Published: October 2019

Objective

Adrenal insufficiency in the outpatient setting is associated with excess morbidity, mortality, and impaired quality of life. Evidence on its health-care burden in medical inpatients is scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the health-care burden of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) and secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) among hospitalized inpatients.

Design and methods

In this nationwide cohort study, adult medical patients with either PAI or SAI hospitalized between 2011 and 2015 were compared with propensity-matched (1:1) medical controls, respectively. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause in-hospital mortality. Main secondary outcomes included ICU admission rate, length-of-hospital stay, 30-day and 1-year all-cause readmission rates.

Results

In total, 594 hospitalized cases with PAI and 4880 cases with SAI were included. Compared with matched controls, in-hospital mortality was not increased among PAI or SAI patients, respectively. Patients with adrenal insufficiency were more likely to be admitted to ICU (PAI: OR 1.9 (95% CI, 1.27 to 2.72) and SAI: OR 1.5 (95% CI, 1.35 to 1.75)). Length of hospital stay was prolonged by 1.0 days in PAI patients (8.9 vs 7.9 days (95% CI, 0.06 to 1.93)), and by 3.3 days in SAI patients (12.1 vs 8.8 days (95% CI, 2.82 to 3.71)), when compared with matched controls. Patients with SAI were found to have higher 30-day and 1-year readmission rates (14.1 vs 12.1% and 50.0 vs 40.7%; P < 0.001) than matched controls.

Conclusions

While no difference in in-hospital mortality was found, adrenal insufficiency was associated with prolonged length of hospital stay, and substantially higher rates of ICU admission and hospital readmission.
Strategic Management in Emerging Economies: a Research Agenda
Authors: Crittenden Victoria L. , Crittenden William F.
Published: October 2019

The fragility of the global economy has been evidenced extensively over the past few years. The rapidity at which change can impact worldwide economies has invigorated a major concern in emerging economies. That concern is one of how to play the game when the rules of the game are changing and not completely known. The intent of this research agenda is to fuse early ideas in emerging markets with more recent research from a wide variety of scholars so as to develop a 21st century research agenda for emerging economies. This research agenda offers 20 broad research questions within the emerging economies context, with a major focus on challenges, institutional voids, and growth strategies.