bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postgraduate Neurosurgical Education in the Current COVID-19 Climate
Authors: Obanife Henry Olayere , Nkwerem Patrick Sunday
Published: April 2021

Neurosurgical education is undergoing serious challenges in the present climate of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in Africa and other developing countries where the Halstedian style of medical education and training remains persistent due to a lack of infrastructural innovations and resources. Therefore, to ensure the continuity of training and services with guaranteed safety of the neurosurgical staff and patients, there is a need for a pedagogical change of the training and educational model with the incorporation of neurosurgical simulation laboratory training and online/virtual neurosurgical education.
A 3-Year Audit of the Failure Rate of First Molar Buccal Tubes among Orthodontic Patients in a Nigerian Population
Authors: Umeh Onyinye Dorothy , Eniola Abisola Sandra , Ndukwe Anne N.
Published: April 2021

Background:

This study aimed to assess the bond failure rate of molar buccal tubes during active orthodontic treatments and the effect of age of the patient, gender, dental arches (maxillary and mandibular), and side of the arch on molar buccal tube bond failure.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study that assessed the bond failure of molar buccal tubes. Data were obtained from the case files of orthodontic patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and included subjects' age, gender, presence or absence of molar bond failure, well as the time the failure occurred. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software version 23.

Results:

Participants comprised 96 subjects; 59 females (61.5%) and 37 males (38.5%). A total of 384 buccal tubes were bonded with a failure rate of 18%. The highest occurrence of bond failure was observed in the 1st month and the 2nd month after setup. Bond failure was observed in a higher percentage of the male population (43.2%) compared to females (37.3%). The difference in bond failure between gender was statistically insignificant. The prevalence of bond failure was significantly higher in younger patients (≤15 years, 61.7%, P = 0.0005). There was no significant effect of gender, time, dental arch, and side of the arch on the prevalence of bond failure.

Conclusion:

Buccal tube bond failure rate in our study was found to be 18%. Bond failure was significantly higher in the younger population compared to the adults. There was no significant effect of gender, time, or side of the arch on buccal tube bond failure.
Perforated Appendicitis within the Sac of a Recurrent Incisional Hernia
Authors: Agada Horace Ojobo , Edegbo Silas Ugbede , Okafor Henry , Ismaila Bashiru Omeiza
Published: April 2021

Perforated hernial appendicitis rarely occurs with an incidence of 0.008%. We present a case of a young obese woman, a known hypertensive, who presented with abdominal pain, fever, and a tender abdominal swelling over a previous lower midline incision scar. She was thought to have a strangulated recurrent incisional hernia and was offered an emergency laparotomy. Intraoperatively, she was found to have a massive multiloculated hernia sac with the caecum, ruptured appendicitis, and abscess within a locus of the sac. Her ascending colon was mobile. The abscess was drained, appendicectomy was done, hernia repair deferred, and wound closure effected. Such atypical presentation poses a diagnostic challenge. We seek to increase awareness of this condition and contribute to the medical literature surrounding this unusual pathology.
Health-Care Financing among Patients Admitted for Open-Heart Surgery in Enugu
Authors: Ujunwa Fortune A. , Chinawa Josephat M. , Arodiwe Ijeoma , Obidike Egbuna O.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Cardiovascular diseases have been noted to be expensive to manage and tend to cause significant morbidity and financial burden to affected individuals and households.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the various sources of health financing among patients admitted to UNTH Ituku/Ozalla for open-heart surgery.

Methodology:

Twenty-five patients admitted for cardiac surgery over a 6-month period were selected for the study. A structured questionnaire was administered to the patients or their caregivers. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results:

There were 25 respondents who were admitted during the study period, this comprised 17 children and 8 adults. Among the respondents 24 (96%) paid out of pocket, 1 (4%) was by government tax. The major sources of funds were from personal savings 56% and goodwill from friend's relations, faith-based organizations (4%), while 36% of the respondents borrowed money for the surgery. Three of the respondents had a form of health insurance, while 22 (88%) had no form of health insurance. The mean monthly income of the households was 86,320 (81,384.7) Naira and the mean monthly food expenditure was 33,200 (15934.76) Naira. About 72% (18) of the subjects knew about the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), 4 (16%) knew about the Voluntary Health Insurance Scheme (VHIS), while 84% did not know about the VHIS. However, about 56% of the subjects were willing to enroll under the NHIS voluntary scheme. The cardiac surgery was catastrophic for 96% of the respondents.

Conclusion:

Cardiac surgery causes a significant financial burden to individuals and households. Individuals and households should be properly counselled on the benefits of health insurance. The government should increase funding for cardiovascular health and strengthen the health insurance system.
Hand-to-face contact behaviors during indoor activities in daily life among Korean adults: an observational pilot study using videotaping
Authors: Oh Hyang Soon , Ryu Mikyung , Yang Youngran
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES: Hand-to-face contact (HFC) is the major route for the self-inoculation of pathogens. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of HFC behaviors among Korean adults during indoor activities.METHODS: Thirty participants were enrolled in the study, and 2 hours of videotaped data were collected from each participant. Contact data were recorded by examining the frequency and duration of HFC on the videos. Three training sessions were conducted for 2 readers to ensure the accuracy and reliability of videotape reading. Re-reading and verification of selected video data were performed to confirm intrapersonal and interpersonal validity. Contact exposure (CE) was determined by multiplying the contact frequency (CF) by the contact duration (CD) to quantify the intensity of contact during the observation time (2 hours).RESULTS: A total of 3,007 HFCs (1,305 mucous membrane contacts and 1,702 non-mucous membrane contacts) were observed for 60 person-hours. The median CF (person/2 hr) of the mucous membranes (eye; 4.0, nose; 15.5, mouth; 16.5) was 39.5/person and the median total CD was 177.0 sec/person. The median CE (frequency-duration/sec/person) was 5,795.0 (mouth: 1,356.0, nose: 600.0, eye: 57.5).CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the mouth and nose were the most frequent exposure sites for HFC. Avoiding habitual HFC, awareness of self-inoculation by HFC, and vigorous hand hygiene should be strengthened to prevent the spread of infections.
Experimental study on adsorption characteristics of Cu2+ and Zn2+ by datong lignite
Authors: Bao Sihang , Di Junzhen , Yang Jianguo , Wang Donglin , Sun Juan , Dong Yanrong
Published: April 2021

In view of the high content of Cu2+ and Zn2+ in acid mine drainage (AMD), the adsorption properties of lignite for Cu2+ and Zn2+ were studied. The adsorption performance of lignite for Cu2+ and Zn2+ was revealed by combining with FT-IR, XPS and EDS. The results showed that the adsorption kinetic model of lignite for Cu2+ and Zn2+ conformed to the quasi-first-order kinetic model. The isothermal adsorption line fitting models of lignite for Cu2+ and Zn2+ were in accordance with the Langmuir model and the Freundlich model, respectively. The maximum equilibrium adsorption capacities of lignite for Cu and Zn were 67.84 mg/g and 55.5 mg/g. The adsorption process of Cu2+ and Zn2+ by lignite involved electrostatic, coordination and ion exchange. Under the condition of coexistence of two kinds of ion, the adsorption site of lignite had stronger binding ability to copper ions.
EXTENSION OF THE BALANCED SCORECARD STRUCTURE FOR BANKING INDUSTRY
Authors: AKMAN Gulsen , TURAN Hakan
Published: April 2021

In today’s business environment, competitive advantage is a crucial issue for companies. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) has become prominent within recognized performance appraisal methods. Since the BSC transforms strategies to the actions, it embraces not only financial indicators but also non-financial indicators. Existing BSC containing four perspectives are not available for banks. Although the BSC is effective tool for companies, it is not dynamic and it is not sensitive to the variation. This weakness of the method could be eliminated by adding risk and agile perspectives. The aim of this study is to propose an expanded BSC structure for banks. In order to present interaction and relations of risk and agile perspectives with existing perspectives of BSC, fuzzy DEMATEL method is used. The fuzzy DEMATEL results indicate that risk is the most involved perspective with five perspective
DİZÜSTÜ BİLGİSAYAR SEHPASI TASARIMI: GELENEKSEL VE YENİ İMALAT YÖNTEMLERİ İÇİN YAPILAN TASARIMLAR VE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: ŞANLIER Cemile , BÖRKLÜ Hüseyin Rıza , ELDEM Cengiz
Published: April 2021

Geleneksel talaşlı imalat yöntemleri ham veya yarı mamul parça üzerinden malzeme eksiltme esasına dayanır. Normalde operatör sevk ve idaresi altında çalışan bu tür tezgâhlar zamanla yarı otomatik veya tam otomatik (bilgisayar kontrollü) bir karakter kazanmışlardır. CNC şeklinde de anılan bu teknolojide, genel imalat tezgah yapıları veya çalışma sistemleri korunurken, insanın sevk ve idare etme işlemlerinin yerini bilgisayar ve yazılımlar almıştır. Son zamanlarda tamamen farklı çalışma prensiplerine dayanan ve ‘Eklemeli İmalat (Eİ)’ diye adlandırılan yeni bir teknoloji geliştirilmiştir. Burada, önceki malzeme eksiltme tersine, ince tabakalar şeklinde malzeme ekleme ile parçalar yapılmaktadır. Tam otomatik bir yöntem olan Eİ, zaman alıcı ve pahalı bir yöntem olmakla birlikte daha karmaşık ve imali zor parçalar inşa edilebilmektedir. Ayrıca bu yeni imalat yöntemleri ile birlikte tasarım ve CAD’da devrim niteliğinde bazı yaklaşımlar da doğmuştur. Bunlardan Topoloji optimizasyonu ve Üretken tasarım (generative design) ön plana çıkan yaklaşımlardır. Topoloji optimizasyonu parça üzerinde belirtilen alan ve sınırlayıcılara göre minimum malzeme ile en uygun yapıyı oluşturan tasarım yaklaşımıdır. Üretken tasarım ise sadece tasarımda olması istenen kritik bölgeleri belirleyerek yapay zeka ile birçok tasarım varyantı oluşturur ve sunar. Bu yeni yaklaşımların hem üstün hem de zayıf tarafları vardır. Bu araştırmada evlerde sık kullanılan yeni bir dizüstü bilgisayar sehpasının geleneksel yöntemle ve Eİ ile üretimi için tasarımlar yapılmıştır. Eİ için yapılan tasarımlarda, topoloji optimizasyonu ve üretken tasarım yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bu üç farklı tasarım, malzeme kullanımı, ağırlık, üretim maliyeti gibi bazı parametrelere göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, eklemeli imalat ile kullanılacak olan üretken tasarımın belirlenen parametreler açısından daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür.
Preparation, planning and implementation of primary specialized accreditation: “own” and “others”
Authors: Zaripova Z. A. , Vakhitov M. Sh. , Avramenko E. A. , Semenov S. A.
Published: April 2021

The article is the result of the first stage of the study devoted to the analysis of the work of accreditation and simulation centers during the period of passing the primary specialized accreditation. The technical issues of the functioning of such centers, as well as the need to develop new methods of interaction between the accredited and the personnel of the simulation centers, were considered.
Training and accreditation of pharmacists: the concept and practice of creating an educational simulation pharmacy
Authors: Nurieva L. Kh. , Khamidullova N. I. , Gorokh O. V.
Published: April 2021

This article describes how a training pharmacy works, and also proposes a methodology for teaching a practical course on creating a pharmacy, including simulation training.
Experience in organizing the training of doctors to provide emergency care in a simulation center
Authors: Chistyakov S. I. , Smorkalov A. Yu. , Gorokh O. V. , Pevnev A. A.
Published: April 2021

The article describes the experience of teaching doctors of various specialties to provide emergency care on the basis of a simulation center. The program implements a new approach to teaching using simulation technologies. The authors applied a modified four-step Peyton technique to form a complex skill for each of the mastered emergency conditions. This technique can be considered as one of the organizational models of role-playing games for the formation of individual capabilities of students. Role-playing games are an effective technique that promotes independent learning and allow learners to acquire the ability to make decisions in difficult clinical situations. The implementation of the method made it possible in a short time to develop stable skills for providing assistance in various kinds of urgent situations.
Will the Rojava Revolution Survive? Theory, Practice, and the Future of Democratic Confederalism
Authors: Sargi Islam Sargi
Published: April 2021

After the outbreak of the Syrian war, the armed resistance of the Kurds against the radical Islamists drew considerable attention from across the world. Although the Kurdish movement has a history of forty years of armed fight in the region, especially against Turkey, they gained global fame during the war in Syria. Apart from media attention to the resistance of women, in particular, the establishment of a political system, democratic confederalism, which the world was not familiar with, came to exist in the area liberated from the religious fundamentalists in Syria. The Kurds during the Syrian civil war, on one hand, gained international fame for their fight against the radical Islamists; on the other hand, they put a new theory of governance, democratic confederalism, in practice in northern Syria. This paper seeks to provide a brief review of the theory of democratic confederalism and its practices in Rojava to build an argument regarding its future. This case study aims to explore how and why the theory and practices of democratic confederalism co-exist and which factors may influence the Rojava revolution’s future. This review’s central argument is that while democratic confederalism is a revolution in the field, it is also an experiment whose future depends on how the people will adopt it and how the global and regional powers will approach it.
Reseña: ¿Qué vendrá después del capitalismo? by Yanis Varoufakis
Authors: Tafernaberry Cicimbra Santiago
Published: April 2021

Review:

¿Qué vendrá después del capitalismo? by Yanis Varoufakis
Adaptación al cambio climático: narrativas y desacuerdos. Miradas desde los márgenes [Climate change adaptation: narratives and misunderstandings. Sigths from the margins]
Authors: Martínez Martínez Miguel Angel
Published: April 2021

La convocatoria de las Naciones Unidas ante el cambio climático genera macronarrativas gubernamentales y econó-micas que se presentan como expresiones de validación e inclusión admitidas por formas unívocas de desarrollo y progreso, así también son reproducidas por la Sociedad Civil, pero contrastadas por las comunidades originarias de la población mexicana quienes presentan perspectivas éticas, políticas y ambientales. En el presente trabajo se evidencia la adaptación al cambio climático como una exigencia de los modos de desarrollo y progreso generada por una es-tructura mundial de proyectos neocoloniales y capitalistas, y se da cuenta de la manera en que estrategia colonialista desautoriza las formas singulares y concretas de cuidado ambiental de una variedad de colectivos y organizaciones po-pulares diseminados por el territorio mexicano. Para ello, se considera el proyecto del Tren Maya y el Proyecto Integral Morelos como modelos tipo y referencia de una hermenéutica documental de acciones populares y de las comunidades originarias con las acciones, argumentos y decisiones gubernamentales, que proceden de forma vertical e institucional en el proceso de transformación y cuidado territorial. Los resultados se encuentran atravesados por el señalamiento y la desacreditación del compromiso de los distintos colectivos por el cuidado del medio ambiente, así como la persistencia de las prácticas desde lógicas extractivistas y neocoloniales, cuya dinámica sigue exponiendo la vida de las personas que se encuentra en defensa de la Tierra. Para concluir se afirma la adaptación al cambio climático como una táctica de inclusión para los pueblos originarios que redunda en muerte y precarizació
Pemanfaatan Waktu Luang (Leisure) Dengan Mengikuti Webinar Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kompetensi Diri Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Indonesia
Authors: Sri Redjeki Endang , Sugiyanto Seger
Published: April 2021

Abstrak

Pandemi covid-19 tidak mengentikan kewajiban untuk tetap produktif. Penilaian kinerja terus berjalan dan tuntutan pekerjaan juga tidak berkurang. Setiap orang harus memanfaatkan waktu sebaik mungkin termasuk waktu luang yang mereka miliki untuk mengikuti berbagai macam kegiatan yang diselenggarakan secara online. Sebaran responden penelitian terdapat di 24 provinsi di Indonesia. Data diperoleh dengan pendekatan kuantitiatif deskriptif menggunakan metode pengumpulan data melalui angket tertutup dan disebarkan melalui sistem online google form tanggal 19 Juni hingga 30 Juni 2020. Dari proses penyebaran link google form di berbagai media sosial seperti WhatsApp, Instagram, Telegram, dan Facebook, penulis mendapatkan responden sebanyak 218 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 63,3% responden berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Tingkat pendidikan responden berada pada jenjang sarjana dan magister dengan presentase sama yaitu 43,6%. Latar belakang pendidikan responden merupakan tenaga pendidik baik guru maupun dosen dengan presentase  77,1%. Alasan mengikuti webinar karena sesuai dengan pekerjaan dengan presentase jawaban 61,5 %. Sementara rata-rata responden menyatakan bersedia untuk berkontribusi atau memberikan fee  asalkan mendapat sertifikat dengan presentase sebesar 52,3%. Media akses iformasi yang digunakan paling dominan adalah WhatsApp dengan presentase 74,3%.

Kata Kunci: Waktu luang, webinar, covid-19, kompetensi
Skype in Qualitative Interviews: Participant and Researcher Perspectives
Authors: Mirick Rebecca , Wladkowski Stephanie
Published: April 2021

As Internet usage has increased, web-based technologies such as Skype and Face Time have become more common alternatives for qualitative interviewing, especially for research participants who are geographically distant from the researchers. Challenges to the use of these tools have been identified, but as technology is currently changing at a rapid pace, more recent research is needed to provide up-to-date information on the feasibility of web and video conferencing technologies for qualitative interviewing. This paper reflects on the experience of using Skype for qualitative research interviews (n=14) in a study of pregnancy and parenting in doctoral programs, including feedback from research participants who chose to complete the qualitative interview via Skype instead of telephone or face-to-face interviews. Twelve participants who completed Skype interviews provided feedback on their experiences using Skype for qualitative interviews. Feedback from participants highlight an overall positive perception of Skype interviews due to the availability of visual cues from researchers and flexibility, but participants also shared challenges in terms of technology issues and participants’ lack of expertise with the technology. Recommendations include the use of videoconferencing and digital technologies as an additional or alternative interview tool for qualitative interviews, especially for participants who have logistical challenges meeting researchers face-to-face.
Iranian Adolescent Girls' Perceptions of Premarital Sexual Relationships: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Alimoradi Zainab , Kariman Nourossadat , Ahmadi Fazlollah , Simbar Masomeh , Allen Kelly-Ann
Published: April 2021

Sexual perception refers to the attitudes, expectations, beliefs, and values associated with sexual behaviors. Adolescents’ sexual behaviors is affected by the knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, and social norms in their society. In this respect, the sexual perception of adolescents can be studied from a cultural perspective. The present study was designed to identify factors affecting Iranian adolescent girls’ perceptions of premarital sexual relationships. A qualitative study was conducted using a conventional content analysis approach. Data was collected using in-depth unstructured interviews with 18 adolescents recruited through purposive sampling. Data analysis resulted in the development of a primary main theme, meaning and value of sexual self-care, and three main categories: significant others, sexual norms, and attitudes, and perceived risks. Overall, findings of the present study revealed that the sexual perceptions of Iranian adolescent girls motivated them to abstain from premarital sexual relationships. However, apart from the perceived double standards involved in social norms and attitudes identified in the study, the presence of a conflict caused by their families, schools, and peers necessitated the importance of establishing and consolidating parent-adolescent communication about sexual issues. Findings of this study point to the need for appropriate sexual education for adolescents and parents to promote adolescent sexual literacy and health.
Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness and Its Relation with Self- Esteem and Social Support among Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Mohamed Amany A.
Published: April 2021

Context: Mentally ill patients challenging dual difficulties that are illness and stigma. Internalized stigma viewed as maladaptive psychosocial phenomena that can affect all aspects of mentally ill patient life.

Aim: The current study emerged aiming to assess internalized stigma of mental illness and its relation with self-esteem and social support among psychiatric patients.

Methods: Descriptive research design used to achieve the aim of this study. A convenience sample of one hundred hospitalized psychiatric patients recruited for the study from inpatient units of Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Hospital in Minia governorate. The data collection tools included socio-demographic and clinical data questionnaire, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.

Results: The findings show that less than half of patients have a severe level of total internalized stigma score. There is a highly significant correlation between overall internalized stigma score and its all subscales with self-esteem and social support.

Conclusions: Internalized stigma level was high among psychiatric patients. A significant negative correlation found between total internalized stigma score with self-esteem and social support of the studied patients. The study recommended further studies regarding educational interventions to raise awareness and decrease internalized stigma among patient with mental illness. Besides, providing support for patient and families of mentally ill patients to promote their capacity to manage and cope with stigma.
The Relation between Fatigue Level and Nurses’ Caring Behavior in The Orthopedic Department
Authors: AbdElazeem Yasmin F. M. , Ahmed Rasha F. , Aly Eman F. A. M.
Published: April 2021

Contents: Caring is a concept that is inherently difficult to define. The term caring is expressed in different ways in many cultures. Nurse's caring can impact a person's life processes, wellbeing, and functioning. On the other hand, fatigue is a subjective unpleasant feeling ranging from tiredness to exhaustion that could be physical, mental, or both. It may significantly interfere with functioning and may persist despite periods of rest.

Aim: The present study investigates the relation between fatigue level and nurses' caring behavior in the orthopedic department.

Methods: Research formulates three questions. What is the nurses' level of fatigue in the orthopedic department? What are the nurses' caring behaviors in the orthopedic department? What is the relation between fatigue level and nurses' caring behavior in the orthopedic department? The study utilized a correlational research design. The study conducted in El Hadra Orthopedic and Traumatology University Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt, on all available nurses (50 nurses) who provide direct patient care and work in the previously mentioned setting. Two tools were used for data collection. Structured interview questionnaire; It consists of two parts. The first part was concerned with socio-demographic data, past medical history of psychological problems, and chronic illness. The second part was Fatigue Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a one-dimensional scale, consisting of an unmarked 10 cm line to rate the nurses' level of fatigue. The second tool was the Orthopedic Nurse Caring Behavior Observation Checklist. This tool was used to assess nurses' caring behavior toward orthopedic patients through concealed observation.

Results: It was observed that 60.0% of studied nurses had a severe level of fatigue. The study showed a moderate level of caring behaviors with a mean of 199.92±13.50 for the morning shift nurses and 222.34±14.27 for the nurses in the evening shift. The study evidenced a significant correlation between fatigue level and overall caring behavior. 

Conclusion: About two-thirds of the studied nurses had a severe level of fatigue. The overall nurses' caring behaviors dimensions were of a moderate degree. There is a significant positive correlation between fatigue level and the overall nurses' caring behaviors in both morning and evening shifts in the orthopedic department. The study recommended to provide nurses with fatigue countermeasure strategies and to provide the organization with strategies to overcome fatigue. Nurses are recommended to pay more attention to caring behaviors.
PORTUGUÊS COMO LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA (PLE): ensino on-line e formação docente em um contexto de pandemia
Authors: Consolo Douglas Altamiro , Soares Guilherme Sonsino , Tojeira-Ramos Juan Prete
Published: April 2021

No presente artigo, encontra-se um relato da experiência didático-metodológica de professores-tutores em um curso on-line de português como língua estrangeira (PLE) durante o período da pandemia da COVID-19. Discutem-se questões consideradas relevantes durante a elaboração das aulas e o processo de ensino, dentre as quais se mencionam a participação e a frequência dos alunos durante o curso, e as formas de avaliação. Além disso, são apresentados exemplos de materiais didáticos e recursos utilizados pelos tutores, e sugestões de atividades que foram feitas com os alunos durante as aulas para que fossem trabalhadas questões de léxico e de gramática. Por fim, o trabalho apresenta as reflexões dos tutores a respeito das contribuições trazidas, à sua formação docente, dessa experiência de ensinar PLE em um curso on-line na modalidade de ensino remoto emergencial.
Faces
Authors: SANCHES Rosalie Gallo y
Published: April 2021

Conto Literário
National Library of Uzbekistan: from the history of formation and the current stage of development
Authors:   National Library Of Uzbekistan, Teshabaeva Umida
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the history of the Tashkent Public Library, at the origins of which were prominent scientists of that time, to the present day of the National Library of Uzbekistan. The library fund has more than 7.5 million items in 75 languages of the world. The National Library is the main methodological center of information and library institutions of the Republic. Creation of favorable conditions for readers is one of the priority tasks of the library, which is improved every year by the introduction of new technologies for obtaining information in an operational way. Thanks to membership in the International Consortium «eIFL», users have access to 38 foreign educational databases, 12 of which are licensed. Also, library readers get access to national and world educational collections in different languages of the world.
Transformation of the library of the Kiev National University of Culture and Arts into a scientific information center
Authors:   Kiev National University culture and arts, Gorban Yuri , Skachenko Elena ,   Kiev National University culture and arts
Published: April 2021

The article examines the tasks and forms of library participation in the information support of scientific research at the university. The authors of the article describe the experience of transforming the traditional activities of the library of the Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts (Ukraine), which turned it into a scientific and information center of a higher educational institution. The authors come to the conclusion that the KNUKiI library is an important participant in the formation of the university’s scientific brand, actively contributes to the integration of its scientific potential into the interna-tional community of scientific communication.
"The legacy of centuries - the heritage of the present"
Authors:   National Library named after A.S. Pushkin of the Republic of Mordovia, Zemkova Natalia
Published: April 2021

The article deals with printed publications and collections of the late XVIII – early XX century, stored in the Department of rare books and work with book monuments of the Pushkin’s National library of the Mordovia Republic. The publication presents materials about individual copies, book collections, as well as the results of their research and popularization, and provides the brief overview of the rare and valuable copies.
Creation of the electronic archive of the first President of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors:   Scientific and educational institution named after Islam Karimov memorial complex, Ishmatov Alisher , Akhmedova Veronica ,   Information and mass communications agency
Published: April 2021

The article discusses some aspects of the organization of the information system of the Archive of the First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov. The problem of digitalization of archival activities is quite relevant for Uzbekistan due to the fact that traditional approaches to the construction of information retrieval mechanisms and the organization of information services in archiving today often do not correspond to the required level of efficiency and user needs. As part of the work carried out, the specific task was to organize a software environment for the formation of an electronic catalog of archived descriptions, filling databases of digitized copies of archival materials, as well as flexible multidimensional search and presentation of information. The way to solve this problem is to use the archival information system «AtoM». As a result, a database of digitized archival materials was created, reflecting the life and work of the First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov, equipped with a developed search and reference apparatus.
Re-reading Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House: A Modern Feminist Perspective
Authors: Akter Saima
Published: April 2021

This article aims to present a re-reading of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House from a feminist perspective. Ibsen’s play is a pioneering feminist play, and he is credited for creating the first real feminist character in the history of theatre. The central female characters are analyzed, and the article also addresses the attitude of society towards women and how they struggle to prove themselves. Feminist literary criticism and feminism constitute the conceptual framework of the paper. In this play, Nora Helmer is under the illusion that her married life is perfect and that she owns what she deserves. Torvald, her husband calls her a ‘twittering lark’, ‘squirrel’, ‘song-bird’, and she is pleased with it. However, her illusion shatters when she faces the reality of finding herself being treated like a doll. As soon as she realizes that there exists an individual self of her, she revolts. She leaves the house, challenging the social institutions which contribute to women’s subjugation. Nora protests against the ill-treatment towards her by society for her willingness to get her right back, for her self-respect, and for finding herself.
The Impact of the Participation Rate - Whatever it is -on University Enrolment
Authors: Darling A. L.
Published: April 2021

In the period from 1960 to 1976 the participation rate in university education increased dramatically and has since fallen. During this same period the size of the university age group doubled, so there was a period of great expansion in university enrolment. Popula- tion projections show a decline of the order of 20% in the size of the university age group between 1982 and 1996, and many believe that university enrolments must inevitably drop too, although the participation rate will be a major determinant of what happens. The factors which influence participation rates using the period 1960 to 1978, and the way in which participation rates are measured are examined. This is then applied to a discussion of the level of undergraduate enrolment in the period to 1996.
Politiques et pratiques d'interdisciplinarite´
Authors: Assimopoulos Nadia , Belanger Charles H.
Published: April 2021

L'Universite´ de Montre´al, a` l'instar d'autres institutions, a implante´ au de´but des anne´es '70 une politique d'ouverture disciplinaire. Elle correspondait aux yeux des responsables, a` la solution ade´quate de certains proble`mes socio-e´conomiques: ne´cessite´ de re´pondre a` des contraintes d'ordre financier, a` des besoins d'e´volution scientifique des disciplines ainsi qu 'a` la satisfaction des besoins exprime´s par les e´tudiants. Apre`s quelques anne´es de mise en place de cette politique, il fut ne´cessaire d'en e´valuer l'efficacite´. La pre´sente e´tude re´pond a` cet objectif en examinant l'e´volution des trois dimensions suivantes de ce phe´nome`ne: l'ouverture the´orique des programmes, le comportement des e´tudiants en matie`re interdisciplinaire et la capacite´ des de´partements d'attirer les e´tudiants des autres disciplines. Il appert que, si dans l'ensemble la structure des programmes se modifie pour se conformer aux exigences d'ouverture disciplinaire, en pratique la spe´cialisation pre´vaut: les e´tudiants ont une forte tendance a` suivre l'enseignement de leur discipline et lorsqu 'ils fre´quentent les cours offerts par d'autres de´partements, ils pre´fe`rent choisir des discipli- nes connexes. Il semble donc que la modification des programmes n 'est pas une condition suffisante pour changer les pratiques d'enseignement. Il faudra e´galement contrer la re´sistance due a` l'autonomie de´partementale en obligeant les e´tudiants a` choisir un nombre minimum de cours hors de leur disicpline.
Sociological Research on Higher Education in English Canada 1970-1980: A Thematic Review
Authors: Pike Robert M.
Published: April 2021

Sociological research on higher education in Canada is in an infancy state at best. How- ever, this article explores some main ideological and empirical themes which are emerging in the relevant sociological literature on higher education in English Canada, concentrating primarily on the growing number of studies dealing with inequality of access to education beyond the high school, and particularly the search for the sources of inequality in socio- economic status, region and sex. Some attention is also given to the limited body of socio- logical research on higher education organizations, on student attitudes, values and behaviour, and on the academic profession in English Canada. The greater part of the English language literature is shown to emanate from Ontario and the major ideological thrust in this literature is noted as being a conflict perspective which emphasizes the role of conflict in the process of change within universities and colleges, and which perceives these institutions as agencies for the reinforcement of the status quo rather than for the moderation of existing social inequalities. Various suggestions are offered for future research priorities, emphasizing particularly the need for the employment of a developmental comparative perspective.
Do Community College Presidents and Government Officials Share the Same Perspective?
Authors: Barrington Gail Vallance
Published: April 2021

A three-round policy Delphi explored the opinions of Alberta community college presidents and senior officials of Alberta Advanced Education and Manpower regarding the impact of environmental forces as defined by Hall's typology on the development of community colleges in the eighties. Overall, the two groups shared a similar perspective on the environment, as disagreement surfaced on only two major environmental forces. The forces eliciting disagree- ment were Government Priorities Among All Sectors and A Growing Alberta Population.
Deans in Canadian Universities: A Managerial Perspective
Authors: Garnier Bernard
Published: April 2021

The main objective of this article is to investigate the dean's roles and functions from a managerial perspective. It reports the findings of an empirical study con- ducted in selected Canadian universities which tried to identify the dimensions of an effective deanship and find correlates of effective performance for a dean. More specifically, this article focuses on the following variables and their relation- ships: dean's managerial effectiveness, dean's conflict-handling modes, length of time the dean has served in office and size of the dean's faculty.
The Humanities and Higher Education
Authors: Duguid Stephen
Published: April 2021

After a long period of decline the humanities seem to be undergoing a kind of renaissance, with specialized institutes, a renewed rhetoric and talk of an academic core curriculum being the chief indications. The causes of the decline are seen as springing from a sustained intellectual attack by the sciences and social sciences, the disillusioning impact of fascism developing in the heart of Western humanism, and the dramatic social and economic changes of the past 200 years. Contemporary advocates of the humanities are seen as falling into three groups: the traditionalists who argue for an implicit worth of the humanities; pragmatists who see the humanities as having real use-value in terms of contemporary social issues; and radicals who see the humanities as a force for social change. Examples are offered of each of these approaches and their strengths and weaknesses analyzed.
Faculty Participation in Teaching Improvement Programs
Authors: Botman Elizabeth S. , Gregor Alexander D.
Published: April 2021

A study undertaken to explore faculty nonparticipation in teaching improvement programs is described. Faculty nonparticipation was viewed as a function of interacting personal and situational factors. Questionnaire results, representing 30 percent of the academic faculty at a major university, were compared along disciplinary lines and according to participation in instructional workshops. Responses of past participants and nonparticipants were compared in order to identify variables associated with nonparticipation in instructional development activities. Approximately one-quarter of the 213 respondents had participated in teaching improvement workshops at least once since 1971. Respondents from the Professions and Applied Sciences appeared generally most supportive of the concept of T.I.P. 's while respondents from the Faculty of Science appeared to be the least positive. The study results suggest that faculty nonparticipation in T.I.P. 's may be associated with: the professor's views about teaching and teaching improvement; the relative personal priority assigned to teaching; the perceived need for improvement in teaching skills; attitudes towards the teaching improvement program; awareness of available programs; and the perceived convenience of available programs. The perceived level of university support for good teaching was less clearly associated with nonparticipation, and perceived situational barriers were not found to be associated.
Provincial Funding of Postsecondary Education Under The Established Programs Financing
Authors: Wu Terry Yuk Shing
Published: April 2021

This study reviews the provincial funding of postsecondary education under the Established Programs Financing (EPF) arrangements introduced in 1977. Since 1977, federal transfers to the provinces for financing postsecondary education have increased in line with the growth rate of nominal gross national product, rather than in line with operating costs. Because the federal transfers were unconditional grants, the provinces were not obliged to spend the postsecondary transfers on higher education. Consequently, the block grant under EPF has led to provincial spending restraint on postsecondary education.
Measuring the Effectiveness of Research Grant Getting
Authors: Belanger Charles H. , LaCroix Robert
Published: April 2021

To a very large extent, the national and international reputation of major research universities depends upon their research performance. That explains why competition is so fierce among them to get as much as they can from the three Canadian government major granting agencies. This study demonstrates how performance indicators were developed to measure the effectiveness of research grant getting among eleven Canadian universities. It shows how amount of money received, size of teaching staff, and disciplinary characteristics were standardized to yield objective disciplinary and institutional rankings.
First Year at University: Perceptions and Experiences of Students
Authors: Holdaway Edward A. , Kelloway Karen R.
Published: April 2021

This study was initiated by concerns in the literature over freshman students and by the need to know more about students' perceptions of their university experience. In 1984, all 937 first-year students in the Faculties of Arts, Business, Education, Engineering, and Science who had come directly to the University of Alberta from high school were asked about their university experiences and the transition from high school. Family members, the University's reputation, and the University's proximity exerted the greatest influence upon the decision to attend. Preparation for an interesting career, obtaining a well-paying job, and learning about topics of special interest were the most important goals associated with their programs. Students considered that they were best prepared in reading skills, listening skills, and taking notes, and least well prepared in budgeting time, library skills, and study skills. Most assessed that they were working considerably harder than at high school, and many said that high school had not adequately prepared them for university. The greatest need to adjust occurred in amount of work, stress, difficulty of work, and methods of instruction. Students varied considerably in the extent to which their expectations were met and the time taken to feel "at ease."
Tests of Writing Competence at Ontario Universities
Authors: Palmer David
Published: April 2021

Over the last ten years some Ontario universities have introduced post-admission or "exit" writing proficiency requirements which their students must eventually satisfy. These requirements reflect a concern about admission standards and tests which goes back more than twenty years and which has focussed primarily on language skills. The writing tests are intended to identify students likely to encounter academic difficulties because of poor writing skills, but the usual rationale for the tests rests upon dubious assumptions, and the nature of some of the test procedures makes it difficult to know whether the objectives of the tests are being met.
Goals of Community Colleges in Canada A 1987 Perspective
Authors: Dennison John D. , Levin John S.
Published: April 2021

Community colleges in Canada are characterized by diversity with respect to their relations with the government, the scope and range of their programs, and the ways in which they respond to societal needs. Nevertheless, the colleges all share a commitment to providing access to a wide range of individuals who need educational opportunities beyond secondary school. This study examines the goals of community colleges in Canada as perceived by two key groups - chief executive officers, and government personnel in each province who are responsible for college development. The prime purpose was to determine the degree to which these individuals agree on the rating and ranking of their goals and the variations which exist among the provincial systems. The results indicate that provincial college systems have continued to emphasize the goals which characterized their early development and reflect the differences in priorities which occur by province. While the two groups showed a high level of agreement in each region, a range of priorities existed within each group. In general, the study provided a restatement of the diversity of ways in which Canada's colleges are attempting to contribute to the economic, sociocultural, and educational development of the nation.
The Institutional Staging of an Examination
Authors: Albas Daniel , Albas Cheryl
Published: April 2021

This study employs the dramaturgical approach to the staging of examinations. In focusing on the staging we attempt to convey the university definition of the exam as well as the means by which institutionally desired moods and actions are communicated to students. Through the use of space, props, equipment, and human actors the university stresses the larger societal values of universalism and individual achievement. In so doing the university develops a "rhetoric of idealization" to compensate for the inevitable discrepancies in fairness and equality of treatment.
Book review of "American Higher Education"
Authors: Stalker Jacqueline
Published: April 2021

No abstract
Part-Time Faculty: Student Perceptions and Experiences
Authors: Lundy Katherina L.P. , Warme Barbara D.
Published: April 2021

Educators and higher education researchers have speculated that the presence of part-time faculty in universities must have a negative impact on students' learning experience. The research reported in this article has yielded no evidence in support of this view. Students tend to be either unaware of, or indifferent toward, differences between part-time and full-time status.
Locus of Control, Organizational Climate, and Participation in Staff Development: A Study of College Instructors
Authors: Foley Janice R. , Clifton Rodney A.
Published: April 2021

This study identifies some factors affecting community college instructors' participation in staff development activities. Social learning theory suggests that both situational and personal factors explain the behaviour of individuals. Consequently, a theoretical model explaining staff development participation rates was developed, and tested on community college instructors. Sex, academic attainment, college teaching experience, locus of control, and perception of organizational climate, were included as independent variables. In addition, locus of control, and perception of organizational climate, were considered as intervening between these variables and staff development participation rates. The results illustrated that college teaching experience, and perception of administration climate, which is one aspect of organizational climate, were the most important determinants of staff development participation rates. This suggests that administrators play a key role in determining staff development participation rates, first by making the funds available that enable staff to access staff development opportunities, and second by establishing an administrative and reward structure that encourages and facilitates continuous enhancement of instructors' skill levels.