bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maximum power extraction and DC-Bus voltage regulation in grid-connected PV/BES system using modified incremental inductance with a novel inverter control
Authors: AL-Wesabi Ibrahim , Zhijian Fang , Hussein Farh Hassan M. , A. Al-Shamma’a Abdullrahman , Dong Hanlin , M. Al-Shaalan Abdullah , Kandil Tarek
Published: November 2022

Low ripples and variations in the DC-Bus voltage in single-phase Photovoltaic/Battery Energy Storage (PV/BES) grid-connected systems may cause significant harmonics distortion, instability, and reduction in power factor. The use of short-life electrolytic capacitor on the DC-Bus is considered a standard way for reducing these ripples and variations because of its large capacitance but results in short lifetime of the inverter. Replacing large electrolytic capacitors with small film capacitors can extend the lifetime of a PV/BES grid-connected system because small film capacitors have longer lifetime than large electrolytic capacitors. These film capacitors have low capacitance, which causes severe oscillations in the output current, and voltage drop due to huge ripples on the DC-Bus voltage. In this research, the main goal is to eliminate the output current ripples and voltage fluctuations associated with employing film capacitors. First, a modified incremental conductance (MIC) technique is proposed for tracking the maximum power by controlling the duty ratio of the DC-DC boost converter. Second, for the first time, a simple and novel d-q current regulation technique, which employs flowchart decision logic, is used in the DC-Bus control system for both the PV power system and the state of charge (SOC) of the BES. In this case, the DC-Bus controller is characterized by a cost-effective implementation because of its low sampling frequency. Although the presented approaches are successful in eliminating voltage distortion and fluctuations, they have unacceptable dynamic performance. Therefore, to improve the dynamic performance, BES was used to maintain a reliable and stable harvest from PV modules for varying loads while also increasing the dynamic performance of the overall system. The proposed PV/BES grid-connected systems, which employs a small 10-µF bus capacitor, is simulated and connected to the grid (230 V, 50 Hz). The DC-Bus voltage overshoot, undershoot and the total harmonics distortion (THD) of the output current for the proposed MIC are (1 V), (2.5 V) and (less than 5%), respectively. The average time response under rising radiation to track the global peak for MIC, traditional incremental conductance and variable step size incremental conductance are 1.403 s, 1.501 s and 1.113 s respectively. The obtained findings demonstrated the efficacy and superiority of the proposed d-q current control and MIC technique.
The contributions of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea to nitrification-dependent N2O emission in alkaline and neutral purple soils
Authors: Hu Lei , Dong Zhixin , Wang Zheng , Xiao Liwei , Zhu Bo
Published: November 2022

Nitrification is believed to be one of the primary processes of N2O emission in the agroecological system, which is controlled by soil microbes and mainly regulated by soil pH, oxygen content and NH4+ availability. Previous studies have proved that the relative contributions of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) to N2O production were varied with soil pH, however, there is still no consensus on the regulating mechanism of nitrification-derived N2O production by soil pH. In this study, 1-octyne (a selective inhibitor of AOB) and acetylene (an inhibitor of AOB and AOA) were used in a microcosm incubation experiment to differentiate the relative contribution of AOA and AOB to N2O emissions in a neutral (pH = 6.75) and an alkaline (pH = 8.35) soils. We found that the amendment of ammonium (NH4+) observably stimulated the production of both AOA and AOB-related N2O and increased the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) gene abundances of AOA and AOB in the two test soils. Among which, AOB dominated the process of ammonia oxidation in the alkaline soil, contributing 70.8% of N2O production derived from nitrification. By contrast, the contribution of AOA and AOB accounted for about one-third of nitrification-related N2O in acidic soil, respectively. The results indicated that pH was a key factor to change abundance and activity of AOA and AOB, which led to the differentiation of derivation of N2O production in purple soils. We speculate that both NH4+ content and soil pH mediated specialization of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms together; and both specialization results and N2O yield led to the different N2O emission characteristics in purple soils. These results may help inform the development of N2O reduction strategies in the future.
Plasma-generated reactive water mist for disinfection of N95 respirators laden with MS2 and T4 bacteriophage viruses
Authors: He Jinjie , Waring Michael , Fridman Alexander , Rabinovich Alexander , Bailey Charles , Fridman Gregory , Sales Christopher M.
Published: November 2022

Due to the shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic, the interest and demand for sterilization devices to reuse PPE has increased. For reuse of face masks, they must be effectively decontaminated of potential infectious agents without compromising its filtration ability during sterilization. In this study, we utilized an atmospheric pressure pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), combined with nebulized liquid microdroplets to generate plasma-activated mist (PAM). MS2 and T4 bacteriophages were used to conduct the decontamination tests on two types of N95 respirators. Results showed at least a 2-log reduction of MS2 and T4 on N95 respirators treated in one cycle with 7.8% hydrogen peroxide PAM and at least a 3-log reduction treated in 10% hydrogen peroxide PAM. In addition, it was found that there was no significant degradation in filtration efficiency of N95 respirators (3M 1860 and 1804) treated in 10% hydrogen peroxide PAM found after 20 cycles. In terms of re-useability of masks after treatment as determined, it was shown that the elastic straps of 3M 1804 were fragmented after 20 treatment cycles rendering them unusable, while the straps of 3M 1860 were not negatively affected even after 20 disinfection cycles.
Water oxidation couples to electrocatalytic hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds and unsaturated carbon–carbon bonds by nickel
Authors: Behrouzi Leila , Zand Zahra , Fotuhi Mobina , Kaboudin Babak , Najafpour Mohammad Mahdi
Published: November 2022

Artificial photosynthesis, an umbrella term, is a chemical process that biomimetics natural photosynthesis. In natural photosynthesis, electrons from the water-oxidation reaction are used for carbon dioxide reduction. Herein, we report the reducion of aldehydes and ketones to corresponding alcohols in a simple undivided cell. This reaction utilized inexpensive nickel foam electrodes (1 cm2) and LiClO4 (0.05 M) as a commercially accessible electrolyte in an aqueous medium. Under electrochemical conditions, a series of alcohols (21 examples) produces high selectivity in good yields (up to 100%). Usage the current method, 10 mmol (1060 mg) of benzaldehyde is also successfully reduced to benzyl alcohol (757 mg, 70% isolated yield) without any by‑products. This route to alcohols matched several green chemistry principles: (a) atom economy owing to the use of H2O as the solvent and the source of hydrogen, (b) elimination of the homogeneous metal catalyst, (c) use of smooth reaction conditions, (d) waste inhibition due to low volumetric of by-products, and (e) application of safe EtOH co-solvent. Moreover, the ability of the system to operate with alkyne and alkene compounds enhanced the practical efficiency of this process.
Artificial intelligence workflow quantifying muscle features on Hematoxylin–Eosin stained sections reveals dystrophic phenotype amelioration upon treatment
Authors: Reinbigler Marie , Cosette Jérémie , Guesmia Zoheir , Jimenez Simon , Fetita Catalin , Brunet Elisabeth , Stockholm Daniel
Published: November 2022

Cell segmentation is a key step for a wide variety of biological investigations, especially in the context of muscle science. Currently, automated methods still struggle to perform skeletal muscle fiber quantification on Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) stained histopathological whole slide images due to low contrast. On the other hand, the Deep Learning algorithm Cellpose offers new perspectives considering its increasing adoption for segmentation of a wide range of cells. Combining two open-source tools, Cellpose and QuPath, we developed MyoSOTHES, an automated Myofibers Segmentation wOrkflow Tuned for HE Staining. MyoSOTHES enables solving segmentation inconsistencies encountered by default Cellpose model in presence of large range size cells and provides information related to muscle Feret’s diameter distribution and Centrally Nucleated Fibers, thus depicting muscle health and treatment effects. MyoSOTHES achieves high quality segmentation compared to baseline workflow with a detection F1-score increasing from 0.801 to 0.919 and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) on diameter improved by 31%. MyoSOTHES was validated on an animal study featuring gene transfer in$$\gamma$$γ-Sarcoglycanopathy, for which dose-response effect is visible and conclusions drawn are consistent with those previously published. MyoSOTHES thus paves the way for wide quantification of HE stained muscle sections and retrospective analysis of HE labeled slices used in laboratories for decades.
Vaccination with a combination of planktonic and biofilm virulence factors confers protection against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains
Authors: Ramezanalizadeh Fatemeh , Rasooli Iraj , Owlia Parviz , Darvish Alipour Astaneh Shakiba , Abdolhamidi Raziyeh
Published: November 2022

Acinetobacter baumannii is a multi-drug resistant pathogen with the ability to switch between planktonic and biofilm phenotypes. Although there is no vaccine against A. baumannii infections, many attempts have been made to develop vaccines using planktonic or biofilm antigens. To cover the different phenotypes of A. baumannii during growth and attachment, we combined planktonic upregulated antigens of iron receptors with biofilm upregulated antigens of pilus rods and evaluated immune responses and protective efficacies of the combined vaccine using lethal and sub-lethal murine sepsis models. The results showed that the combined vaccine elicited high IgG antibody titers and conferred protection against lethal doses of two Carbapenem-resistant high adherent A. baumannii strains. Complete bacterial clearance from all the affected tissues of the mice challenged with A. baumannii was an excellent achievement with our quadrivalent immunogen. These results demonstrate both planktonic and biofilm antigens are important during antigen selection for vaccine design.
An innovative scoring system for predicting an excellent Harris hip score after proximal femoral nail anti-rotation in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture
Authors: Phruetthiphat Ong-art , Pinijprapa Panukorn , Satravaha Yodhathai , Kitcharanant Nitchanant , Pongchaiyakul Chatlert
Published: November 2022

Typically, intramedullary and extramedullary devices are used to treat elderly with intertrochanteric fractures. The majority of previous research has focused on the association between surgical factors and mechanical failure after internal fixation. There is, however, limited evidence to demonstrate the association between functional outcomes after proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) fixation and the non-surgical factors such as patient’s comorbidities. The aim of this study is to determine the predictive factors associated with excellent outcome, as well as to develop an integrated scoring system to predict the outcome after PFNA fixation in elderly patients with an intertrochanteric fracture. A retrospective study was conducted between January 2012 and December 2018. Elderly patients with low-energy intertrochanteric fractures who underwent PFNA fixation and at least a year of follow-up were recruited. Demographics, comorbidities, cognitive status, time to operation, and surgical parameters of the patients were all identified. Excellent and non-excellent outcomes were assessed by Harris Hip Score (HHS) after a one-year follow up. Regression analysis was used to determine the predictors for an excellent functional outcome. A new integrated scoring system (ISSI; Integrate Scoring System in elderly patients with Intertrochanteric fracture) was developed and validated. 450 elderly patients were randomly divided into two cohorts: a development (N = 225) and validation cohorts (N = 225). In this study, age < 85 years, normal weight/overweight, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) < 6, no cognitive impairment, a modified AO/OTA 31A1.3, time to operation < 6 days, and Tip Apex Distance between 20 and 30 mm were significantly associated with an excellent outcome after PFNA fixation. The range of ISSI score was between 0 to 16 and the cut-off score of 13 was found to have the highest discriminatory power to determine the excellent functional outcome where the area of ROC was 0.85. In regards to the validation cohort, the sensitivity and specificity of ISSI score was 69% and 87%, respectively, and the AUC was 0.81. The ISSI score is effortless and practical for orthopedic surgeons for predicting an outcome after PFNA fixation in elderly patients with an intertrochanteric fracture.
The potential distribution of Bacillus anthracis suitability across Uganda using INLA
Authors: Ndolo V. A. , Redding D. , Deka M. A. , Salzer J. S. , Vieira A. R. , Onyuth H. , Ocaido M. , Tweyongyere R. , Azuba R. , Monje F. , Ario A. R. , Kabwama S. , Kisaakye E. , Bulage L. , Kwesiga B. , Ntono V. , Harris J. , Wood J. L. N. , Conlan A. J. K.
Published: November 2022

To reduce the veterinary, public health, environmental, and economic burden associated with anthrax outbreaks, it is vital to identify the spatial distribution of areas suitable for Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of the disease. Bayesian approaches have previously been applied to estimate uncertainty around detected areas of B. anthracis suitability. However, conventional simulation-based techniques are often computationally demanding. To solve this computational problem, we use Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) which can adjust for spatially structured random effects, to predict the suitability of B. anthracis across Uganda. We apply a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) within the INLA Bayesian framework to quantify the relationships between B. anthracis occurrence and the environment. We consolidate a national database of wildlife, livestock, and human anthrax case records across Uganda built across multiple sectors bridging human and animal partners using a One Health approach. The INLA framework successfully identified known areas of species suitability in Uganda, as well as suggested unknown hotspots across Northern, Eastern, and Central Uganda, which have not been previously identified by other niche models. The major risk factors for B. anthracis suitability were proximity to water bodies (0–0.3 km), increasing soil calcium (between 10 and 25 cmolc/kg), and elevation of 140–190 m. The sensitivity of the final model against the withheld evaluation dataset was 90% (181 out of 202 = 89.6%; rounded up to 90%). The prediction maps generated using this model can guide future anthrax prevention and surveillance plans by the relevant stakeholders in Uganda.
A comparative study of interfacial thermal conductance between metal and semiconductor
Authors: Wu Kongping , Zhang Leng , Wang Danbei , Li Fangzhen , Zhang Pengzhan , Sang Liwen , Liao Meiyong , Tang Kun , Ye Jiandong , Gu Shulin
Published: November 2022

To understand and control thermal conductance of interface between metal and semiconductor has now become a crucial task for the thermal design and management of nano-electronic and micro-electronic devices. The interfacial alignments and electronic characteristics of the interfaces between metal and semiconductor are studied using a first-principles calculation based on hybrid density functional theory. The thermal conductance of interfaces between metal and semiconductor were calculated and analyzed using diffuse mismatch model, acoustic mismatch model and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics methods. Especially, according to nonequilibrium molecular dynamics, the values of thermal conductance were obtained to be 32.55 MW m−2 K−1 and 341.87 MW m−2 K−1 at C–Cu and Si–Cu interfaces, respectively. These results of theoretical simulation calculations are basically consistent with the current experimental data, which indicates that phonon–phonon interaction play a more important role than electron–phonon interaction during heat transport. It may be effective way to improve the interfacial thermal conductance through enhancing the interface coupling strength at the metal–semiconductor interface because the strong interfacial scattering plays a role in suppressing in the weaker interface coupling heterostructure, leading to the lower thermal conductance of interfaces. This could provide a beneficial reference for the design of the Schottky diode and thermal management at the interfaces between metal and semiconductor.
GediNET for discovering gene associations across diseases using knowledge based machine learning approach
Authors: Qumsiyeh Emma , Showe Louise , Yousef Malik
Published: November 2022

The most common approaches to discovering genes associated with specific diseases are based on machine learning and use a variety of feature selection techniques to identify significant genes that can serve as biomarkers for a given disease. More recently, the integration in this process of prior knowledge-based approaches has shown significant promise in the discovery of new biomarkers with potential translational applications. In this study, we developed a novel approach, GediNET, that integrates prior biological knowledge to gene Groups that are shown to be associated with a specific disease such as a cancer. The novelty of GediNET is that it then also allows the discovery of significant associations between that specific disease and other diseases. The initial step in this process involves the identification of gene Groups. The Groups are then subjected to a Scoring component to identify the top performing classification Groups. The top-ranked gene Groups are then used to train a Machine Learning Model. The process of Grouping, Scoring and Modelling (G-S-M) is used by GediNET to identify other diseases that are similarly associated with this signature. GediNET identifies these relationships through Disease–Disease Association (DDA) based machine learning. DDA explores novel associations between diseases and identifies relationships which could be used to further improve approaches to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The GediNET KNIME workflow can be downloaded from: https://github.com/malikyousef/GediNET.git or https://kni.me/w/3kH1SQV_mMUsMTS.
Improving the accuracy of estimates of the pulse sequence period using the methodology of complete sufficient statistics
Authors: Zhuchkov Konstantin , Vasilchenko Mikhail , Zagrebneva Anna , Zavyalov Alexey
Published: November 2022

This paper is devoted to the synthesis of new signal processing algorithms based on the methodology of complete sufficient statistics and the possibility of using the Lehmann–Scheffe theorem. Using the example of a sequence of quasi-rectangular pulses, an approach to estimating their period was illustrated, taking into account the duty-off factor and the pulse squareness coefficient. A mathematical model was developed, on the basis of which, estimates of the potential accuracy of the methods were carried out. It is established that for the sample size value (n > 8), the relative root-mean-square error of estimating the repetition period using the methodology of complete sufficient statistics is lower than that of the traditional estimate. In addition to theoretical calculations, simulation results confirming the achieved effect are presented. The results obtained have a wide range of applicability and can be used in the design of control and measuring equipment in the oil and gas industry, in the development of medical equipment, in the field of telecommunications, in the design of pulse-Doppler radars, etc.
A meta-analysis of effects of vitamin E supplementation alone and in combination with omega-3 or magnesium on polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Heidari Hajar , Hajhashemy Zahra , Saneei Parvane
Published: November 2022

Vitamin E supplementation might have favorable effects on risk factors of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the effects of vitamin E supplementation or vitamin E in combination with omega-3 or magnesium on PCOS. PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase electronic databases, and Google scholar were searched for all available articles up to September 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of vitamin E supplementation or vitamin E in combination with omega-3 or magnesium on lipid and glycemic profiles, anthropometric measurements, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, hormonal profile, and hirsutism score in patients with PCOS were included. Ten RCTs (with 504 participants) fulfilled the eligible criteria. Vitamin E supplementation or vitamin E in combination with omega-3 or magnesium in comparison to placebo could significantly reduce serum levels of TG (weighted mean difference: − 18.27 mg/dL, 95% CI − 34.68 to − 1.87), VLDL (− 5.88 mg/dL, 95% CI − 8.08 to − 3.68), LDL-c (− 12.84 mg/dL, 95% CI − 22.15 to − 3.52), TC (− 16.30 mg/dL, 95% CI − 29.74 to − 2.86), TC/HDL-c ratio (− 0.52, 95% CI − 0.87 to − 0.18), hs-CRP (− 0.60 ng/mL, 95% CI − 0.77 to − 0.44), hirsutism score (− 0.33, 95% CI − 0.65 to − 0.02) and significantly increase nitric oxide levels (2.79 µmol/L, 95% CI 0.79–4.79). No significant effect was found on HDL-c, glycemic indices, hormonal profile, anthropometric measurements, and other biomarkers of inflammation or oxidative stress. This meta-analysis highlights the potential anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin E supplementation alone or in combination with omega-3 or magnesium on PCOS patients.
Identifying a suitable model for predicting hourly pollutant concentrations by using low-cost microstation data and machine learning
Authors: Yang Rongjin , Yin Lizeyan , Hao Xuejie , Liu Lu , Wang Chen , Li Xiuhong , Liu Qiang
Published: November 2022

Accurately predicting the concentration of PM2.5 (fine particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less) is essential for health risk assessment and formulation of air pollution control strategies. At present, there is also a large amount of air pollution data. How to efficiently mine its hidden features to obtain the future concentration of pollutants is very important for the prevention and control of air pollution. Therefore we build a pollutant prediction model based on Lightweight Gradient Boosting Model (LightGBM) shallow machine learning and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network. Firstly, the PM2.5 pollutant concentration data of 34 air quality stations in Beijing and the data of 18 weather stations were matched in time and space to obtain an input data set. Subsequently, the input data set was cleaned and preprocessed, and the training set was obtained by methods such as input feature extraction, input factor normalization, and data outlier processing. The hourly PM2.5 concentration value prediction was achieved in accordance with experiments conducted with the hourly PM2.5 data of Beijing from January 1, 2018 to October 1, 2020. Ultimately, the optimal hourly series prediction results were obtained after model comparisons. Through the comparison of these two models, it is found that the RMSE predicted by LSTM model for each pollutant is nearly 50% lower than that of LightGBM, and is more consistent with the fitting curve between the actual observations. The exploration of the input step size of LSTM model found that the accuracy of 3-h input data was higher than that of 12-h input data. It can be used for the management and decision-making of environmental protection departments and the formulation of preventive measures for emergency pollution incidents.
Doping-dependent superconducting physical quantities of K-doped BaFe$$_2$$As$$_2$$ obtained through infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Seokbae , Seo Yu-Seong , Roh Seulki , Song Dongjoon , Eisaki Hiroshi , Hwang Jungseek
Published: November 2022

We investigated four single crystals of K-doped BaFe$$_2$$

2

As$$_2$$

2

(Ba-122), Ba$$_{1-x}$$

1
-
x

K$$_x$$

x

Fe$$_2$$

2

As$$_2$$

2

with $$x =$$

x
=

0.29, 0.36, 0.40, and 0.51, using infrared spectroscopy. We explored a wide variety of doping levels, from under- to overdoped. We obtained the superfluid plasma frequencies ($$\Omega _{\textrm{sp}}$$

Ω
sp

) and corresponding London penetration depths ($$\uplambda _{\textrm{L}}$$

λ
L

) from the measured optical conductivity spectra. We also extracted the electron-boson spectral density (EBSD) functions using a two-parallel charge transport channel approach in the superconducting (SC) state. From the extracted EBSD functions, the maximum SC transition temperatures ($$T_c^{\textrm{Max}}$$

T
c
Max

) were determined using a generalized McMillan formula and the SC coherence lengths ($$\xi _{\textrm{SC}}$$

ξ
SC

) were calculated using the timescales encoded in the EBSD functions and reported Fermi velocities. We identified some similarities and differences in the doping-dependent SC quantities between the K-doped Ba-122 and the hole-doped cuprates. We expect that the various SC quantities obtained across the wide doping range will provide helpful information for establishing the microscopic pairing mechanism in Fe-pnictide superconductors.
An epidemiological model for mosquito host selection and temperature-dependent transmission of West Nile virus
Authors: Fasano Augusto , Riccetti Nicola , Angelou Anastasia , Gomez-Ramirez Jaime , Ferraccioli Federico , Kioutsioukis Ioannis , Stilianakis Nikolaos I.
Published: November 2022

We extend a previously developed epidemiological model for West Nile virus (WNV) infection in humans in Greece, employing laboratory-confirmed WNV cases and mosquito-specific characteristics of transmission, such as host selection and temperature-dependent transmission of the virus. Host selection was defined by bird host selection and human host selection, the latter accounting only for the fraction of humans that develop symptoms after the virus is acquired. To model the role of temperature on virus transmission, we considered five temperature intervals (≤ 19.25 °C; > 19.25 and < 21.75 °C; ≥ 21.75 and < 24.25 °C; ≥ 24.25 and < 26.75 °C; and > 26.75 °C). The capacity of the new model to fit human cases and the week of first case occurrence was compared with the original model and showed improved performance. The model was also used to infer further quantities of interest, such as the force of infection for different temperatures as well as mosquito and bird abundances. Our results indicate that the inclusion of mosquito-specific characteristics in epidemiological models of mosquito-borne diseases leads to improved modelling capacity.
Wave induced coastal flooding along the southwest coast of India during tropical cyclone Tauktae
Authors: Ramakrishnan Ratheesh , Remya P. G. , Mandal Anup , Mohanty Prakash , Arayakandy Prince , Mahendra R. S. , Nair T. M. Balakrishnan
Published: November 2022

The coastal flood during the tropical cyclone Tauktae, 2021, at Chellanam coast, Kerala, India, has invited wide attention as the wave overtopping severely affected coastal properties and livelihood. We used a combination of WAVEWATCHIII and XBeach to study the coastal inundation during high waves. The effect of low-frequency waves and the rise in the coastal water level due to wave setup caused the inundation at Chellanam, even during low tide with negligible surge height. Wave setup raised the water level at the coast with steep slopes to more than 0.6 m and peaked during low tide, facilitating wave breaking at the nearshore region. The coastal regions adjacent to these steep slopes were subjected to severe inundation. The combined effect of long and short waves over wave setup formed extreme wave runups that flooded inland areas. At gently sloping beaches, the longwave component dominated and overtopped the seawalls and damaged households along the shoreline. The study emphasizes the importance of longwave and wave setup and its interaction with nearshore bathymetry during the high wave. The present study shall lead to the development of a coastal inundation prediction system for the low-lying hot spots using the combination of WAVEWATCHIII and XBeach models.
Selective migration and mortality by economic status in Lolland-Falster, Denmark, 1992–2018
Authors: Holmager Therese Lucia Friis , Lophaven Søren Nymand , Mortensen Laust Hvas , Lynge Elsebeth
Published: November 2022

During the past 30 years, a mortality gap developed between Lolland-Falster (the rural-provincial southeastern part) and the rest of Denmark. A main driver was selective in-migration of Danes with a high risk of death, especially of working-ages. In the present study, we determined the role of economic status in this selective in-migration. We used individual-level data from the Central Population Register and data on income source; self- or publicly supported. The study population included people aged 30–64 and living in Denmark at any time between 1992 and 2018. Mortality rate ratios (MRR) were calculated using Poisson regression for three time-periods: 1992–1999, 2000–2009 and 2010–2018. Two in five in-migrants to Lolland-Falster were people on public support. In 2010–2018, they had an MRR of 8.71 (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.05–9.42) compared with self-supported people, and an MRR of 1.49 (95% CI: 1.38–1.61) compared with publicly supported people elsewhere in Denmark. In-migration of working-aged people on public support was a main contributor to the excess mortality in Lolland-Falster as compared with the rest of Denmark. To understand urban–rural differences in health, population movements and national income patterns are important to take into account.
Adult sex ratios: causes of variation and implications for animal and human societies
Authors: Schacht Ryan , Beissinger Steven R. , Wedekind Claus , Jennions Michael D. , Geffroy Benjamin , Liker András , Kappeler Peter M. , Weissing Franz J. , Kramer Karen L. , Hesketh Therese , Boissier Jérôme , Uggla Caroline , Hollingshaus Mike , Székely Tamás
Published: November 2022

Converging lines of inquiry from across the social and biological sciences target the adult sex ratio (ASR; the proportion of males in the adult population) as a fundamental population-level determinant of behavior. The ASR, which indicates the relative number of potential mates to competitors in a population, frames the selective arena for competition, mate choice, and social interactions. Here we review a growing literature, focusing on methodological developments that sharpen knowledge of the demographic variables underlying ASR variation, experiments that enhance understanding of the consequences of ASR imbalance across societies, and phylogenetic analyses that provide novel insights into social evolution. We additionally highlight areas where research advances are expected to make accelerating contributions across the social sciences, evolutionary biology, and biodiversity conservation.
Defect dynamics in active smectics induced by confining geometry and topology
Authors: Huang Zhi-Feng , Löwen Hartmut , Voigt Axel
Published: November 2022

The persistent dynamics in systems out of equilibrium, particularly those characterized by annihilation and creation of topological defects, is known to involve complicated spatiotemporal processes and is deemed difficult to control. Here the complex dynamics of defects in active smectic layers exposed to strong confinements is explored, through self-propulsion of active particles and a variety of confining geometries with different topology, ranging from circular, flower-shaped epicycloid, to hypocycloid cavities, channels, and rings. We identify a wealth of dynamical behaviors during the evolution of complex spatiotemporal defect patterns as induced by the confining shape and topology, particularly a perpetual creation-annihilation dynamical state at intermediate activity with large fluctuations of topological defects and a controllable transition from oscillatory to damped time correlation of defect number density via mechanisms governed by boundary cusps. Our results are obtained by using an active phase field crystal approach. Possible experimental realizations are also discussed.
The unexpected radiative impact of the Hunga Tonga eruption of 15th January 2022
Authors: Sellitto P. , Podglajen A. , Belhadji R. , Boichu M. , Carboni E. , Cuesta J. , Duchamp C. , Kloss C. , Siddans R. , Bègue N. , Blarel L. , Jegou F. , Khaykin S. , Renard J. -B. , Legras B.
Published: November 2022

The underwater Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha-apai volcano erupted in the early hours of 15th January 2022, and injected volcanic gases and aerosols to over 50 km altitude. Here we synthesise satellite, ground-based, in situ and radiosonde observations of the eruption to investigate the strength of the stratospheric aerosol and water vapour perturbations in the initial weeks after the eruption and we quantify the net radiative impact across the two species using offline radiative transfer modelling. We find that the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha-apai eruption produced the largest global perturbation of stratospheric aerosols since the Pinatubo eruption in 1991 and the largest perturbation of stratospheric water vapour observed in the satellite era. Immediately after the eruption, water vapour radiative cooling dominated the local stratospheric heating/cooling rates, while at the top-of-the-atmosphere and surface, volcanic aerosol cooling dominated the radiative forcing. However, after two weeks, due to dispersion/dilution, water vapour heating started to dominate the top-of-the-atmosphere radiative forcing, leading to a net warming of the climate system.
Correlated petrology and seismicity indicate rapid magma accumulation prior to eruption of Kizimen volcano, Kamchatka
Authors: Ostorero Lea , Balcone-Boissard Hélène , Boudon Georges , Shapiro Nikolai M. , Belousov Alexander , Belousova Marina , Auer Andreas , Senyukov Sergey L. , Droznina Svetlana Ya.
Published: November 2022

The increase in number and intensity of earthquakes during a pre-eruptive crisis is the main basis of seismic volcano monitoring. However, a strong understanding of how these seismic signals relate to magmatic processes in the magma plumbing systems prior to volcanic eruptions is crucial for these efforts. Here we compare the characteristics of a seismo-volcanic crisis prior to the 2010–2013 explosive-extrusive eruption of Kizimen volcano, Kamchatka with the timescales of processes in the magma plumbing system. These timescales are inferred from the numerical modelling of iron-magnesium intracrystalline interdiffusion in 88 zoned orthopyroxene crystals from dacites and silica-rich andesites collected after the eruption. We find that the eruptible magmas were assembled rapidly during a magma mixing process beginning around 1.5 years before the eruption, which is well correlated with the onset of the seismic crisis. We conclude that the observed seismic re-activation marked the onset of magma mixing and led to destabilization of the reservoir, followed by the eruption.
The importance of sustained compliance with physical distancing during COVID-19 vaccination rollout
Authors: Teslya Alexandra , Rozhnova Ganna , Pham Thi Mui , van Wees Daphne A. , Nunner Hendrik , Godijk Noortje G. , Bootsma Martin , Kretzschmar Mirjam E.
Published: November 2022

Background

Increasing vaccination coverage against SARS-CoV-2 enabled relaxation of lockdowns in many countries in Europe. As the vaccination rollouts progressed, the public health authorities were seeking recommendations on the continuation of physical distancing measures during ongoing vaccination rollouts. Compliance with these measures was declining while more transmissible virus variants have emerged.

Methods

We used a SARS-CoV-2 transmission model to investigate the feedback between compliance, infection incidence, and vaccination coverage. We quantified our findings in terms of cumulative number of new hospitalisations three and six months after the start of vaccination.

Results

Our results suggest that the combination of fast waning compliance in non-vaccinated individuals, low compliance in vaccinated individuals, low vaccine efficacy against infection and more transmissible virus variants may result in a higher cumulative number of new hospitalisations than in a situation without vaccination. These adverse effects can be alleviated by deploying behavioural interventions that should preferably target both vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals. The choice of the most appropriate intervention depends on vaccination rate and vaccine efficacy against infection.

Conclusions

Supplementary behavioural interventions aiming to boost compliance to physical distancing measures can improve the outcome of vaccination programmes, until vaccination coverage is sufficiently high. For optimal results, these interventions should be selected based on the vaccine efficacy against infection and expected vaccination rate. While we considered the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, the qualitative effects of the interplay between infectious disease spread and behavior on the outcomes of a vaccination programme can be used as guidance in a future similar pandemic.
Upconversion fluorescence-based PDT nanocomposites with self-oxygenation for malignant tumor therapy
Authors: Xie Yingling , Sun Yue , Sun Jiao , Wang Yuda , Yu Siyao , Zhou Bingshuai , Xue Baigong , Zheng Xianhong , Liu Haipeng , Dong Biao
Published: November 2022

Upconversion fluorescence-based-PDT nanocomposites with self-oxygenation have excellent anti-tumor properties, including deep penetration of the excitation light source and the ability to remodel the anoxic microenvironment, and has feasibility in clinical application.
Highly stable deep red-to-NIR OLEDs with an external quantum efficiency of 4.9% from room temperature nanostructured columnar fluids based on hetero atom bay-annulated perylene bisimides
Authors: Behera Paresh Kumar , Nagar Mangey Ram , Gupta Ravindra Kumar , Pradhan Sibasankar , Rao D. S. Shankar , Prasad S. Krishna , The Luke , Choudhury Abhijeet , Jou Jwo-Huei , Achalkumar Ammathnadu Sudhakar
Published: November 2022

A series of electron deficient perylene bisimides, bay-annulated with hetero atoms such as N, S, and Se exhibiting deep red to NIR electroluminescence with high EQE and room temperature columnar mesomorphism are reported.
A survey of cyber attacks on blockchain based IoT systems for industry 4.0
Authors: Dixit Aarju , Trivedi Aditya , Godfrey W. Wilfred
Published: November 2022

The industry 4.0 revolution leads by technologies such as distributed digital ledgers, big data processing techniques, automation, and the internet of things (IoT). The interest in the industrial internet of things (IIoT) has progressed rapidly with huge internet areas such as research, academics, and industries. Through a decentralised and distributed approach blockchain and IIoT ensure maximum security. In the distributed approach, every block is chained together with each other. This paper presented a survey on industry 4.0 and blockchain‐based systems. The integration of blockchain, IoT devices, and industry 4.0 provides security, transparency, and scalability to the system. The paper also addresses many types of cyber attacks and possible solutions for blockchain based industrial internet of things (BIIoT) systems.
A hybrid model for value‐added process analysis of manufacturing value chains
Authors: Song Jingwen , Wang Aihui , Liu Ping , Li Daming , Han Xiaobo , Yan Yuhao
Published: November 2022

In the digital era, realising intelligent digital transformation is a major challenge in the manufacturing field. Digital transformation means bringing more profit appreciation. To improve the analysis reliability of value‐added processes, this study proposes a method for assessing enterprises value‐adding activities. For this purpose, a hybrid model is constructed based on data and mathematics, bridged by a server. The research builds an element group model that identifies data from different sources, and also gives a mathematical model to describe the relationship of the supply, marketing and service. Taking an automobile manufacturing value chain as an example, to theoretically analyse the composition of value‐added activities. Then, the assembly process of an automobile manufacturing plant was used as a value‐added case study. The simulation results show the impact of changing production layout and product handling angle on the whole value chain. The study can provide new ideas for the intelligent digital transformation of the manufacturing industry.
Conditional differential analysis on the KATAN ciphers based on deep learning
Authors: Lin Dongdong , Li Manman , Hou Zezhou , Chen Shaozhen
Published: November 2022

KATAN ciphers are block ciphers using non‐linear feedback shift registers. In this study, the authors improve the results of conditional differential analysis on KATAN by using deep learning. Multi‐differential neural distinguishers are built to improve the accuracy of the neural distinguishers and increase the number of its rounds. Moreover, a conditional differential analysis framework is proposed based on deep learning with the multi‐differential neural distinguishers, resulting in a significant improvement than the previous. We present a practical key recovery attack on the 97‐round KATAN32 with 215.5 data complexity and 220.5 time complexity. The attack of the 82‐round KATAN48 and 70‐round KATAN64 are also presented as the best known practical results.
Impact of anomalous surface boundary conditions on the planar negative‐refractive index lens
Authors: Eccleston Kimberley W.
Published: November 2022

It is shown that anomalous boundary conditions at the surface of a negative‐refractive‐index metamaterial planar lens severely diminishes the resolution of the lens when its relative permittivity and permeability are both −1. Anomalous boundary conditions arise in practical microwave metamaterials that are typically a periodic array of identical unit cells comprising dielectric and conducting elements. For a unit‐cell size much smaller than the wavelength, homogenised permittivity and permeability are the constituent parameters of the average fields. Average fields vary on a scale larger than the unit cell size compared to localised fields associated with the constituent elements. Unlike the tangential components of the localised field, tangential components of the average fields are discontinuous across the surface of such materials. This anomalous boundary condition at the lens surface must be described by generalised sheet transition conditions. This study develops expressions for the negative‐refractive‐index lens optical transfer functions, as a function of spatial frequency, for transverse‐electric waves, that account for anomalous surface boundary conditions. Both the simulations and experimental data are used to verify the expressions at a frequency of 3 GHz.
An analysis on the preliminary benefits of aquaculture smart aeration control
Authors: Lin Chi‐Yuan , Shen Yu‐Tang , Tsai Yong‐An , Chen Chao‐Chien
Published: November 2022

Aquaculture in Taiwan is characterised by high breeding densities of up to five times higher than the normal breeding densities. Pollution in the breeding environment and its adjacent waters have exacerbated the occurrence of disease outbreaks in fish, shrimp and shellfish, which greatly impacted the economy. Therefore, the parameters pertaining to water quality status, especially dissolved oxygen are particularly important. In addition to the rising cost of labour, land, infrastructure and other materials, the capital needed to engage in aquaculture has risen, whereas the profits have decreased. This limits the growth of aquaculture and fisheries. To overcome this problem, it is essential to shift towards efficient and ecologically precise smart aquaculture. The application of industrialised and smart systems in the vertical diffusion and in‐depth integration of aquaculture facilitates decision‐making, improves the level of intelligence in breeding, and enhance aquaculture's contribution to Taiwan's economy.
Three-Dimensional (3D) Device Architectures Enabled by Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition (oCVD)
Authors: Gleason Karen K.
Published: November 2022

For fabricating devices with three-dimensional (3D) architectures, oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) offers conformal nanocoatings of polymers with designable composition. Pure, uniform, and pinhole-free oCVD layers are achievable with sub-10 nm thickness and sub-1 nm roughness. The low substrate temperature used for oCVD allows direct deposition on to the thermally sensitive substrates desired for flexible and wearable devices. The oCVD polymers can graft to the underlying material. The covalent chemical bonds to the substrate create a robust interface that prevents delamination during the subsequent device fabrication steps and exposure to the environmental conditions of device operation. Both electrically conducting and semiconducting polymers have been synthesized by oCVD. Small ions act as dopants. The oCVD process allows for systematic tuning of electrical, optical, thermal, and ionic transport properties. Copolymerization with oCVD can incorporate specific organic functional groups into the resulting conjugated organic materials. This short review highlights recent examples of using oCVD polymer to fabricate organic and hybrid organic–inorganic devices. These optoelectronic, electrochemical, and sensing devices utilize 3D architectures made possible by the conformal nature of the oCVD polymers.

Introduction

oCVD Chemistry and Process

Optoelectronic Devices

Electrochemical Devices

Sensing Devices

Conclusions and Outlook