bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community Tales: Storytelling, Experience, and Local Knowledge
Authors: Bielejewski Aaron
Published: November 2022

Police culture is often cited with regards to practical explorations of the police, in particular as a hindrance to effective reform. Yet the term itself very often seems to be haphazardly used without regard to understanding what a police or policing-specific culture would be beyond daily work routines. The relevance of police culture to police practice tends to focus on two connections: the police culture, in abstract, as a source of policing norms; and the realm of police storytelling and mythologizing.
The Police and Community Maintenance
Authors: Bielejewski Aaron
Published: November 2022

Police work, as described in the research literature, as well as popular culture, media depictions, and within the war stories, jokes, and anecdotes of the occupational culture of policing—is full of contradictions. The mandate of the police to enforce the law has long been identified as superficial at best, and generally undesirable as a priority, with law enforcement instead serving as a capability which serves the greater function of order-maintenance or peacekeeping.
Postscript: Retrospective Auto-ethnography
Authors: Bielejewski Aaron
Published: November 2022

The field research that formed the basis of this study was, as is usually the case, the result of various serendipitous processes, decisions by myself and others that cannot be rationally explained either in the moment or in hindsight, and ended rather unceremoniously based on sudden, subtle shifts in the political winds. These are all elements that are not only common to the point of cliché in fieldwork, but are in themselves central elements of the analysis. Gaining access to a research site and establishing the means to even begin collecting data are not simply hurdles to conducting research, as more traditionalist models might indicate, but are themselves the first real glimpses of a new world.
Health-related quality of life after severe trauma and available PROMS: an updated review (part I)
Authors: Lotfalla Annesimone , Halm Jens , Schepers Tim , Giannakópoulos Georgios
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Throughout the years, a decreasing trend in mortality rate has been demonstrated in patients suffering severe trauma. This increases the relevance of documentation of other outcomes for this population, including patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), such as health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this review was to summarize the results of the studies that have been conducted regarding HRQoL in severely injured patients (as defined by the articles’ authors). Also, we present the instruments that are used most frequently to assess HRQoL in patients suffering severe trauma.

Methods

A literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science for articles published from inception until the 1st of January 2022. Reference lists of included articles were reviewed as well. Studies were considered eligible when a population of patients with major, multiple or severe injury and/or polytrauma was included, well-defined by means of an ISS-threshold, and the outcome of interest was described in terms of (HR)QoL. A narrative design was chosen for this review.

Results

The search strategy identified 1583 articles, which were reduced to 113 after application of the eligibility criteria. In total, nineteen instruments were used to assess HRQoL. The SF-36 was used most frequently, followed by the EQ-5D and SF-12. HRQoL in patients with severe trauma was often compared to normative population norms or pre-injury status, and was found to be reduced in both cases, regardless of the tool used to assess this outcome. Some studies demonstrated higher scoring of the patients over time, suggesting improved HRQoL after considerable time after severe trauma.

Conclusion

HRQoL in severely injured patients is overall reduced, regardless of the instrument used to assess it. The instruments that were used most frequently to assess HRQoL were the SF-36 and EQ-5D. Future research is needed to shed light on the consequences of the reduced HRQoL in this population. We recommend routine assessment and documentation of HRQoL in severely injured patients.
Quantification of LDL-Cholesterol Corrected for Molar Concentration of Lipoprotein(a)
Authors: Rosenson Robert S. , López J. Antonio G. , Monsalvo Maria Laura , Wu You , Wang Huei , Marcovina Santica M.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Cholesterol in lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)-C] is commonly estimated as 30% of the measured Lp(a) mass. However, difficulties in the accurate measurement of Lp(a) mass, along with the inaccuracy of the 30% assumption, produce erroneous values when LDL-C is corrected for Lp(a) [LDL-CLp(a)corr]. Our aim was to develop a new formula for LDL-CLp(a)corr to reduce this error.

Methods

We developed a new formula to calculate Lp(a)-C from the molar measurement of Lp(a), which is Lp(a) nmol/L × 0.077 = Lp(a)-C mg/dL. The calculated Lp(a)-C is subtracted from LDL-C to obtain LDL-CLp(a)corr. The results obtained with our novel formula versus the conventional formula were compared in 440 samples from 239 participants enrolled in the BANTING study.

Results

With the conventional formula, approximately 7% of samples with low LDL-C resulted in negative LDL-CLp(a)corr values. With the new formula, no negative LDL-CLp(a)corr values occurred. Among groups with the highest Lp(a)/apoB ratio (p < 0.001) and smaller apolipoprotein(a) isoform size (p < 0.006), LDL-CLp(a)corr was significantly underestimated by the conventional formula, which may result in the undertreatment of some patients.

Conclusion

The new formula provides more reliable estimates of LDL-CLp(a)corr than the conventional formula.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02739984.
Edge Modes and Dressing Fields for the Newton–Cartan Quantum Hall Effect
Authors: Wolf William J. , Read James , Teh Nicholas J.
Published: November 2022

It is now well-known that Newton–Cartan theory is the correct geometrical setting for modelling the quantum Hall effect. In addition, in recent years edge modes for the Newton–Cartan quantum Hall effect have been derived. However, the existence of these edge modes has, as of yet, been derived using only orthodox methodologies involving the breaking of gauge-invariance; it would be preferable to derive the existence of such edge modes in a gauge-invariant manner. In this article, we employ recent work by Donnelly and Freidel in order to accomplish exactly this task. Our results agree with known physics, but afford greater conceptual insight into the existence of these edge modes: in particular, they connect them to subtle aspects of Newton–Cartan geometry and pave the way for further applications of Newton–Cartan theory in condensed matter physics.
The Open Past in an Indeterministic Physics
Authors: Santo Flavio Del , Gisin Nicolas
Published: November 2022

Discussions on indeterminism in physics focus on the possibility of an open future, i.e. the possibility of having potential alternative future events, the realisation of one of which is not fully determined by the present state of affairs. Yet, can indeterminism affect also the past, making it open as well? We show that by upholding principles of finiteness of information one can entail such a possibility. We provide a toy model that shows how the past could be fundamentally indeterminate, while also explaining the intuitive (and observed) asymmetry between the past—which can be remembered, at least partially—and the future—which is impossible to fully predict.
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and Particle Trajectories
Authors: Aristarhov Serj
Published: November 2022

In this paper we critically analyse W. Heisenberg’s arguments against the ontology of point particles following trajectories in quantum theory, presented in his famous 1927 paper and in his Chicago lectures (1929). Along the way, we will clarify the meaning of Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation and help resolve some confusions related to it.
Testing Spacetime Orientability
Authors: Bielińska Marta , Read James
Published: November 2022

Historically, a great deal of attention has been addressed to the question of what it would take to test experimentally the metrical structure of spacetime. Arguably, however, consideration of this question has been at the expense of comparable investigations into what it would take to test other structural features of spacetime. In this article, we critique and expand substantially upon an article by Hadley (Hadley in Class Quantum Gravity, 19:4565–4571, 2002), which constitutes one of the best-known paper-length studies of what it would take to test the orientability of spacetime. In so doing, we seek to clarify a number of matters which remain unclear in the wake of Hadley’s article, thereby allowing the literature on this topic to progress. More positively, we also present, compare, and evaluate a number of other potential approaches to testing the orientability of spacetime which have arisen in the recent physics literature.
Eco-friendly Synthesis of Carbon Quantum Dots as an Effective Adsorbent
Authors: Tohamy Hebat‑Allah S. , El‑Sakhawy Mohamed , Kamel Samir
Published: November 2022

Fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were prepared by an economical, green, and single-step procedure with the assistance of microwave heating of urea with bagasse (SCB), cellulose (C), or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The prepared CQDs were characterized using a series of spectroscopic techniques, and they had petite size, intense absorption in the UV, and excitation wavelength-dependent fluorescence. The prepared CQDs were used for Pb(II) adsorption from an aqueous solution. The removal efficiency percentages (R %) were 99.16, 96.36, and 98.48% for QCMC, QC, and QSCB, respectively. The findings validated the efficiency of CQDs synthesized from CMC, cellulose, and SCB as excellent materials for further utilization in the environmental fields of wastewater pollution detection, adsorption, and chemical sensing applications. The kinetics and isotherms studied found that all CQDs isotherms fit well with the Langmuir model than Freundlich and Temkin models. According to R2, the pseudo-second-order fits the adsorption of QCMC, while the first-order one fits with QC and QSCB.
Single-Molecule Characterization of Cy3.5 -Cy5.5 Dye Pair for FRET Studies of Nucleic Acids and Nucleosomes
Authors: Ghoneim Mohamed , Musselman Catherine A.
Published: November 2022

Single molecule FRET (Forster resonance energy transfer) is very powerful method for studying biomolecular binding dynamics and conformational transitions. Only a few donor - acceptor dye pairs have been characterized for use in single-molecule FRET (smFRET) studies. Hence, introducing and characterizing additional FRET dye pairs is important in order to widen the scope of applications of single-molecule FRET in biomolecular studies. Here we characterize the properties of the Cy3.5 and Cy5.5 dye pair under FRET at the single-molecule level using naked double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and the nucleosome. We show that this pair of dyes is photostable for ~ 5 min under continuous illumination. We also report Cy3.5-Cy5.5 FRET proximity dependence and stability in the presence of several biochemical buffers and photoprotective reagents in the context of double-stranded DNA. Finally, we demonstrate compatibility of the Cy3.5-Cy5.5 pair for smFRET in vitro studies of nucleosomes.
Synergistic effect of cerium and structure directing agent on drug release behavior and kinetics
Authors: Farag M. M. , Al-Rashidy Z. M.
Published: November 2022

This work was mainly aimed at the study of the dual effect of cerium and structure directing agent template concentration, on vancomycin release profiles and kinetics from Ce-substituted mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs). MBG based on (20-x) B2O3 - 55 SiO2 – 20 CaO – 5 P2O5 – x Ce2O (x = 0, 1 and 3 mol %) was synthesized by the evaporation-induced self-assembly process using two molar ratios (0.01 and 0.02 molar ratio) of nonionic block copolymer Pluronic® 123 (P123) surfactant. The TGA-DTA, FTIR, and textural features analyses were carried out for the glasses. Moreover, the in vitro bone-forming activity and degradation analysis were tested using simulated body fluid (SBF). The drug loading capacity, drug release profile, and kinetics (using different kinetic models such as first order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell, and Baker-Lonsdale models) were determined using vancomycin as a drug model. The results showed that the isotherms of all MBGs fit with type IV isotherms, and the surface area of MBGs synthesized by 0.02 M template was higher than that prepared by 0.01 M, where it ranged from 174.05 m2.g−1 to 256.73 m2.g−1. The pore size diameter was decreased as cerium content increased in all MBGs (decreased from 5.44 to 3.54 nm). Moreover, the MBGs induced the formation of a bone-like apatite layer, and their biodegradation properties can be tailored by controlling glass composition. Furthermore, Ce-free MBGs showed the lowest drug adsorption and the highest drug release percentage. The drug release kinetic was best fitted with Higuchi and Baker-Lonsdale models which denoted that the mechanism of drug release from MBGs was a diffusion release from spherical particles. In conclusion, vancomycin release was controlled by the glass composition. Meanwhile, the MBGs synthesized in this study are proposed to be applied for bone regeneration, bone cancer treatment, and reducing the bacterial activity around the tumor site.
Racial Capitalism and the Dialectics of Development: Exposing the Limits and Lies of International Economic Law
Authors: Attar Mohsen al , Smith Claire
Published: November 2022

International economic law is peculiar. It claims universal character, yet eschews engagement with many, if not all, the racialised features of the global political economy. Its scholars mostly ignore imperialism, colonialism, and capitalism; they exclude slavery, predation, and racism altogether. In the following article, we draw upon Walter Rodney’s dialectics of development to offer a racial capitalist critique of international economic law. The disciplinary boundaries and operative logic normalised by its denizens corral us in a white, Eurocentric episteme. Ahistoricism, decontextualisation, and externalisation are three epistemic devices at the forefront of the exclusionary discourse of IEL. In this space, the histories and epistemologies of Black peoples are ghettoised, treated as alien to the framework. After identifying this bias, we use the Black Radical Tradition to evaluate IEL’s amenability to the racial capitalism critique.
From Sagen to Henriques: Legal Challenges to Olympic Event Selection Decisions and the Role of the Court of Arbitration for Sport
Authors: Mazzucco Marcus , Findlay Hilary
Published: November 2022

The interests of athletes are a fundamental aspect of the Olympic Movement. Yet, athletes face jurisdictional barriers when attempting to advance their interests and challenge the International Olympic Committee (IOC)’s exercise of authority over the Olympic Movement, including the IOC’s decisions regarding which sport events are included in the Olympic Games. Previous attempts to challenge the IOC’s selection of sport events for the Olympic Games have been unsuccessful in national courts, as seen in the case of Sagen v. Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (“Sagen”) involving women’s ski jumping. Following the outcome in Sagen, academics theorized that athletes might have better success challenging Olympic event selection decisions at the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), as CAS has several jurisdictional advantages over national courts. A recent CAS decision in Henriques v. IOC (“Henriques”), involving the exclusion of women’s 50 km race walking from the 2020 Olympic Games, casts doubt on this approach as CAS dismissed the application due to the lack of an arbitration agreement between the appellants and the IOC. However, the outcome in Henriques should not deter athletes from using CAS to challenge the IOC’s Olympic event selection decisions in future cases. It is arguable that the CAS panel’s reasoning in Henriques did not properly consider how the arbitration clause in the Olympic Charter could form the basis of an arbitration agreement between the appellants and the IOC under Swiss law. Additionally, the CAS panel’s decision in Henriques can be used to inform legal strategies in subsequent disputes to ensure that CAS is able to hold the IOC accountable for Olympic event selection decisions that are discriminatory or otherwise unlawful.
Identification of eIF6 as a prognostic factor that drives tumor progression and predicts arsenic trioxide efficacy in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shen Yan , Zhang Ruihong , Li Xiangrui
Published: November 2022

Background

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Dysregulation of mRNA translation can contribute to the development and progression of cancer whilst also having an impact on the prognosis of different types of malignancies. Eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) have been reported to serve a key role in the initiation of mRNA translation. However, little was known about the association between eIF6 and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression. We aimed to elucidate the roles of eIF6 in LUAD tumorigenesis.

Methods

Bioinformatic analysis was conducted to assess the clinical significance of eIF6 in LUAD. CCK-8, colony formation assays were used to evaluate the biological roles of eIF6. The subcutaneous model was used to assess the in vivo roles of eIF6.

Results

In the present study, it was found that eIF6 expression was significantly higher in LUAD samples compared with that in normal lung tissues. Higher expression levels of eIF6 were found to be associated with more advanced clinical stages of LUAD and poorer prognoses in patients with LUAD. Subsequently, overexpression of eIF6 was demonstrated to promote LUAD cell proliferation, migration and invasion, which are features of metastasis, in vitro. By contrast, inhibition of eIF6 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in LUAD cells. Further bioinformatics analysis and experimental assays revealed that eIF6 expression positively correlated with the mRNA expression of stemness-associated genes in LUAD cells. Targeting eIF6 suppressed the sphere formation capacity of LUAD cells. In addition, data from the subcutaneous xenograft model in vivo also suggested that eIF6 deficiency could significantly delay tumor growth and improve the prognosis of mice. Targeting eIF6 rendered LUAD cells sensitive to arsenic trioxide treatment.

Conclusion

The present study suggest that eIF6 can serve as a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for patients with LUAD.
Pathways to policy integration: a subsystem approach
Authors: Cejudo Guillermo M. , Trein Philipp
Published: November 2022

Researchers in public policy and public administration agree that policy integration is a process. Nevertheless, scholars have given limited attention to political aspects that facilitate or impede integration. This paper aims at filling that gap, by looking at how different theories of the policy process can help in explaining the process of policy integration as shaped by policy subsystems. By building on insights from theories of the policy process, we develop pathways regarding adoption and implementation in policy integration that account for the politicization and the role of actors and subsystems in the policy process. Our main argument is that policy integration is in permanent political tension with the sectoral logic of policymaking, which predominantly happens between actors in subsystems. Policy integration is, thus, not a single moment when those tensions are solved once and for all, but a political process that requires deliberate efforts to overcome the pull toward sector-specific problem definition, policymaking, implementation, and evaluation.
Regulatory Artifacts: Prescribing, Constituting, Steering
Authors: Lorini Giuseppe , Moroni Stefano , Loddo Olimpia Giuliana
Published: November 2022

Generally, when thinking of artifacts, one imagines “technical artifacts”. Technical artifacts are those artifacts that perform a mere causal function. Their purpose is to instrumentally help and support an action, not to change behaviour. However, technical artifacts do not exhaust the set of artifacts. Alongside technical artifacts there are also artifacts that we can call “cognitive artifacts”. Cognitive artifacts are all those artifacts that operate upon information in order to improve human cognitive performances. Artifacts of a further, different kind are what we may call “regulatory artifacts”; that is, material artifacts devised and made to regulate behaviour. Consider a roundabout, a traffic light or a speed bump. These artifacts do not make us stronger, faster, or more intelligent. They are placed on the road surface to regulate traffic. This article investigates artifacts of this third kind and, especially, the functions that they perform.
The Shadow of Affectivity Inside the ‘Is/Ought’ Debate’: Siniscalchi, Fuller, Manderson and Vico’s Ghosts in the Legal Machine
Authors: Heritier Paolo
Published: November 2022

The article reconstructs the is/ought debate in legal theory through a phenomenological reading of the concept of normality. An analysis of Siniscalchi, Fuller and Manderson looks at the issue from the perspective of law and literature, and then applies Giambattista Vico’s rhetorical methodology within the contemporary debate. The question: “is Hume’s law really visible within Hume’s thought?” also paradoxically poses the figure of phantoms and fictions at the heart of the current theoretical debate on law. A history of the phantom placed at the centre of the history of Western institutions still remains to be written, but a comparison of very diverse and incongrous approaches such as the extended order of Hayek, the dogmatic anthropology of Legendre, the eunomics of Fuller and the new science of Vico shows how the mystery of consciousness and the mystery of institutions are inextricably entwined. It is impossible at the moment to draw a coherent doctrine from these conflicting perspectives, but their convocation is sufficient to demonstrate how the theory of law is always suspended between the unknown and the human attempt to inhabit it, moving us toward an affective turn that has yet to be fully conceived in the theory of law, following the iconic turn. The anthropological primacy of fictio and the aesthetic-legal dimension in the constitution of language is not that of a logic and separation from the body and meaning, but the exact inverse, even in the unavoidable constant tension between the two poles: logic is born through the gesture of the body that precedes it, as myth precedes the foundation of the State; the origin of the concept is affective, as Hume, and perhaps Vico himself, would have passionately affirmed.
Exploring the knowledge structure of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention
Authors: Nájera-Sánchez Juan-José , Pérez-Pérez Cristina , González-Torres Thais
Published: November 2022

The literature has widely recognized entrepreneurial intention as the best variable for predicting entrepreneurial behaviour. Entrepreneurial education represents a possible way to foster that intention. The interest in stimulating entrepreneurship activity has led to a growth in the number and disparity of publications that analyse the entrepreneurship education-entrepreneurial intention. This paper carries out a bibliometric analysis using bibliographic coupling to map the field’s knowledge structure. This study’s results contribute to the field complementing the previous literature reviews by addressing and verifying the development of the research lines proposed by them. Our approach is methodologically original, analysing the clusters in the network, including a characterization of each of them and the most significant and representative cited references for each group. Among the main conclusions, we find that although the theoretical base of most of the studies is found in classic theories, some alternative approaches dealing with emotional variables, mentality approaches, or psychological traits are more frequent in recent years and can play an important role in the future of the field, as the factors related to the intention-to-behaviour transition are a central focus of current research. Additionally, the contradictory results in past studies have focused the new developments around the influence of contextual factors that constitute an essential new direction for this research.
Female chatbots are helpful, male chatbots are competent?
Authors: Bastiansen Mathilde H. A. , Kroon Anne C. , Araujo Theo
Published: November 2022

Chatbots have in recent years increasingly been used by organizations to interact with their customers. Interestingly, most of these chatbots are gendered as female, displaying stereotypical notions in their avatars, profile pictures and language. Considering the harmful effects associated with gender-based stereotyping at a societal level—and in particular the detrimental effects to women—it is crucial to understand the effects of such stereotyping when transferred and perpetuated by chatbots. The current study draws on the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) and explores how the warmth (high vs. low) of a chatbot’s language and the chatbot’s assigned gender elicit stereotypes that affect the perceived trust, helpfulness, and competence of the chatbot. In doing so, this study shows how established stereotype theory can be used as a framework for human-machine communication research. Moreover, its results can serve as a foundation to explore ways of mitigating the perpetuation of stereotyping and bring forward a broader discussion on ethical considerations for human-machine communication.
Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis of diabetic wound macrophages in STZ-induced mice
Authors: Ma Jiaxu , Song Ru , Liu Chunyan , Cao Guoqi , Zhang Guang , Wu Zhenjie , Zhang Huayu , Sun Rui , Chen Aoyu , Wang Yibing , Yin Siyuan
Published: November 2022

The crucial role of macrophages in the healing of chronic diabetic wounds is widely known, but previous in vitro classification and marker genes of macrophages may not be fully applicable to cells in the microenvironment of chronic wounds. The heterogeneity of macrophages was studied and classified at the single-cell level in a chronic wound model. We performed single-cell sequencing of CD45 + immune cells within the wound edge and obtained 17 clusters of cells, including 4 clusters of macrophages. One of these clusters is a previously undescribed population of macrophages possessing osteoclast gene expression, for which analysis of differential genes revealed possible functions. We also analysed the differences in gene expression between groups of macrophages in the control and diabetic wound groups at different sampling times. We described the differentiation profile of mononuclear macrophages, which has provided an important reference for the study of immune-related mechanisms in diabetic chronic wounds.

Graphical Abstract
From Spatial Forms to Perception: Reassessing Georg Simmel’s Theory of Space
Authors: Berger Viktor
Published: November 2022

Among the founders of sociology, it was Georg Simmel who provided the most thorough analysis and theory of space. This paper aims to reconstruct Simmel’s spatial theory and his observations of spatial relations. The German sociologist engaged with spatiality in a threefold way. First, he tried to provide a systematic social theory of space; second, analyzing spatial relations was important for his diagnosis of modernity; third, he dealt with the subjective constitutions of space in his shorter, essayistic writings. This paper argues that the importance of the third strand for a sociological understanding of space has seldom been recognized in sociology. In addition, it also shows that despite the diversity in perspectives, there is an underlying coherence to Simmel’s theory of space. As a result, it becomes evident that Simmel was not only ground-breaking in conceptualizing space from a sociological point of view, but that his theory of space continues to be inspirational and relevant to this day for interpreting the entanglement of social and spatial relations.
Global longitudinal strain: an early marker for cardiotoxicity in patients treated for breast cancer
Authors: van der Linde D. , van Hagen I. , Veen K. , Zuetenhorst H. , van Dalen B.
Published: November 2022

Background

Patients treated with anthracyclines and trastuzumab are at increased risk of developing heart failure. Early diagnosis and treatment may prevent irreversible left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. This study investigates whether subclinical deterioration of global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a more reliable early predictor for LV dysfunction than three-dimensional (3D) LV ejection fraction (LVEF).

Methods

Adult patients receiving anthracyclines and trastuzumab for breast cancer who had serial echocardiographic follow-up were included in this retrospective study. The primary endpoint was the necessity to temporarily pause chemo- or immunotherapy due to declining LVEF (decline in 3D LVEF of > 10 percentage points to < 53%). Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the longitudinal evolution of 3D LVEF and GLS over time.

Results

Fifty-one women were included, mean age 54 (50.5–57.6) years, with a total of 216 follow-up echocardiograms (mean follow-up 1.1 ± 0.45 years). GLS and 3D LVEF were significantly correlated (Spearman’s rho: −0.36, p < 0.001). A decrease in GLS significantly predicted a lower LVEF on the subsequent echocardiogram [ß −0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−1.0 to −0.2), p < 0.006]. Conversely, prior LVEF did not significantly predict GLS on the subsequent echocardiogram [ß −0.04, 95% CI −0.1 to −0.01, p = 0.12]. Nine patients reached the primary endpoint. On average, patients who reached the primary endpoint had a relative decrease of 15% GLS at day 205 and an absolute 10% decrease of LVEF to LVEF < 53% at day 235.

Discussion

GLS is able to identify subclinical LV dysfunction earlier than 3D LVEF measurement in women undergoing treatment for breast cancer with anthracyclines followed by trastuzumab.
Desmoplakin cardiomyopathy—an inherited cardiomyopathy presenting with recurrent episodes of acute myocardial injury
Authors: Schoonvelde S. A. C. , Hirsch A. , Yap S. C. , Verhagen J. M. A. , van Slegtenhorst M. A. , Segers D. , van Loon J. E. , Michels M.
Published: November 2022

We present two female patients with recurrent episodes of myocardial injury, consisting of acute chest pain and elevated cardiac markers without coronary artery disease. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging identified extensive late gadolinium enhancement suggestive of an inherited cardiomyopathy. Genetic testing showed heterozygous pathogenic variants in the desmoplakin (DSP) gene, the gene coding for the desmoplakin protein, a structural protein found in the cardiac desmosome. Pathogenic variants in the DSP gene are associated with dilated and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. DSP cardiomyopathies may cause recurring myocardial injury mimicking an acute coronary syndrome or myocarditis. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is key in its diagnosis due to its specifying imaging features. Genetic testing is essential for the evaluation and confirmation of the diagnosis.
Handlungsräume in Essenssituationen – zur Agency von Kindern in Kindertagesstätten
Authors: Schlattmeier Franziska
Published: November 2022

Essenssituationen in Kindertagesstätten (Kitas) sind komplex und vielschichtig. Darauf bezugnehmende Studien nehmen häufig gesundheitliche, erzieherische, bildungsrelevante sowie körperdisziplinierende Aspekte in den Fokus. Der vorliegende Artikel rückt jedoch die Kinder und deren Agency in den Fokus. Essenssituationen werden hier als Inszenierungen gesehen, und mit einer agencytheoretischen Perspektive wird danach gefragt, wie Essenssituationen in einer Kita inszeniert werden und wie sich darin Agency von Kindern zeigt. Der Artikel basiert auf der Analyse von Beobachtungsprotokollen aus dem Dissertationsprojekt „Agency von Kindern in der Kita“. Es wird herausgearbeitet, wie sich erstens die unterschiedlichen Essenssituationen ineinerKita voneinander unterscheiden. In diesen Unterschiedlichkeiten wird zweitens dargestellt, wie die Kinder in allen Essenssituationen eigene Handlungsräume wie Schweige‑, Erzähl- oder (Sprach‑)Spielräume herstellen oder sie sich eine Bühne in der Gruppe schaffen. Zusätzlich zeigt der Artikel auf, dass durch die Agency der Kinder auch Handlungsräume für die Fachkräfte entstehen, z. B. Austausch- und Organisationsräume.
Essen und Soziale Arbeit
Authors: Meyer Christine
Published: November 2022

Soziale Arbeit ist ständig mit dem Thema Essen beschäftigt. Entweder geht es z. B. um die Verminderung von existenziell bedrohlichen materiellen Notlagen oder z. B. um die Strukturierung des Alltags über die sozialpädagogische Gestaltung von Mahlzeiten bzw. Verzehrsituationen. Doch kaum ein Zusammenhang ist lange so grundlegend in seiner Bedeutung übersehen worden, obwohl das Essen konstitutiv für die Soziale Arbeit erscheint. In den letzten Jahren jedoch hat sich diesbezüglich eine Veränderung vollzogen. Die Komplexität des Essens und die Vielfältigkeit seiner Bedeutungen für die Soziale Arbeit werden zunehmend entfaltet und in vielen Kontexten sind interessante Einsichten sichtbar geworden. Nicht selten wirkt die Fokussierung auf Essensfragen dabei wie eine Art Brennglas für ohnehin sozialpädagogisch relevante Fragestellungen. Ausgangspunkt des vorliegenden Beitrags stellen die zentralen Aspekte der grundlegenden Verbindung des Essens mit der Sozialen Arbeit dar, um im Anschluss die Auswirkungen des Essens als „soziales Totalphänomen“ (Mauss nach: Barlösius 2016, S. 29) auf Soziale Arbeit unter Berücksichtigung der vielfältigen Bedeutungen der Begrifflichkeit zu konkretisieren. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Grundlagen werden sowohl der (inter)disziplinäre Forschungsstand als auch -desiderate verdichtet dargestellt. Nicht zuletzt durch diese Zusammenschau zeigt sich jedoch auch die bereits vorliegende Bandbreite essensbezogener Themen, die die Soziale Arbeit bereichern und ihren Beitrag dazu leisten, die bisherige systematische Vernachlässigung des Themas Essens in der Sozialen Arbeit zu überwinden.
Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in carnivorous waterbird species from Lake Ziway, Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Shiferaw , Mamo Yosef , Deribe Ermias , Eklo Ole Martin
Published: November 2022

This study presents the assessment of bioaccumulation and reproductive health risk associated with organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exposure in carnivorous waterbird species. We investigated OCPs and PCBs exposure in muscle tissues of 4 species of carnivorous waterbird species from Lake Ziway, Ethiopia. The influences of trophic position and size on accumulation of organochlorine pollutants are investigated. The result shows that Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs), Endosulfan and PCBs are detected. DDTs constitute the dominant contaminant among OCPs investigated. Trophic position and wing chord length are positively associated with levels of ∑DDTs. Mean levels of ∑DDTs and ∑PCBs vary from 143.9 to 1051.1 ng g−1 wet weight (ww) and not detected (ND)—3.5 ng g−1 ww, respectively. Mean levels of 4,4′-dichloro-diphenyl-dichloro-ethylene (p,p′-DDE), and 4,4′-dichloro-diphenyl-dichloro-ethane (p,p′-DDD) are significantly varied among the bird species. p,p′-DDE contribute 92.3–98.6% of total DDTs. About 26.7% of birds show p,p′-DDE levels above the minimum threshold to cause reproductive failures in birds. Generally, the findings of this study shows that DDT exposure in high trophic levels bird species from Lake Ziway could result in reproductive health risk. The present study may serve as a baseline for future comprehensive exposure and risk assessment studies.

Article Highlights

p,p’-DDE is the dominant contaminant in muscle tissue of the investigated bird species

DDT accumulation varies among the bird species investigated

A quarter of the investigated birds are at risk of reproductive failure as a result of high p,p’-DDE levels
Utilization of nanoparticles for biogas production focusing on process stability and effluent quality
Authors: Abdelwahab Taha Abdelfattah Mohammed , Fodah Ahmed Elsayed Mahmoud
Published: November 2022

One of the most important techniques for converting complex organic waste into renewable energy in the form of biogas and effluent is anaerobic digestion. Several issues have been raised related to the effectiveness of the anaerobic digestion process in recent years. Hence nanoparticles (NPs) have been used widely in anaerobic digestion process for converting organic wastes into useful biogas and effluent in an effective way. This review addresses the knowledge gaps and summarizes recent researchers’ findings concentrating on the stability and effluent quality of the cattle manure anaerobic digestion process using single and combinations nanoparticle. In summary, the utilization of NPs have beneficial effects on CH4 production, process optimization, and effluent quality. Their function, as key nutrient providers, aid in the synthesis of key enzymes and co-enzymes, and thus stimulate anaerobic microorganism activities when present at an optimum concentration (e.g., Fe NPs 100 mg/L; Ni NPs 2 mg/L; Co NPs 1 mg/L). Furthermore, utilizing Fe NPs at concentrations higher than 100 mg/L is more effective at reducing H2S production than increasing CH4, whereas Ni NPs and Co NPs at concentrations greater than 2 mg/L and 1 mg/L, respectively, reduce CH4 production. Effluent with Fe and Ni NPs showed stronger fertilizer values more than Co NPs. Fe/Ni/Co NP combinations are more efficient in enhancing CH4 production than single NPs. Therefore, it is possible to utilize NPs combinations as additives to improve the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion.

Article highlights

Single NPs (e.g., Fe, Ni, and Co NPs) in low concentrations are more effective in increasing CH4 production than reducing H2S production.

Optimal Fe, Ni, and Co NP concentrations enhance anaerobic digestion process performance.

Addition of Fe, Ni, and Co NPs above tolerated concentration causes irreversible inhibition in anaerobic digestion.

Effluent with Fe, Ni, and Co NPs showed stronger fertilizer values.

Nanoparticle combinations are more effective for increasing the CH4 production than signal NPs.
Ground Motion Simulations for the 19 January 2020 Jiashi, China, Earthquake Using Stochastic Finite‐Fault Approach
Authors: Wang Chong , Dang Pengfei , Qi Wenhao , Li Yadong , Wang Fuyun , Bo Jingshan
Published: November 2022

A 6.0‐magnitude (Mw) earthquake was reported to have occurred in Jiashi County, Xinjiang at 21:27 on 19 January 2020, Beijing time (13:27 UTC). This study applied a stochastic finite‐fault approach based on the dynamic corner frequency (EXSIM) to simulate 23 near‐field stations within a distance of 120 km from the epicenter. The stochastic finite‐fault approach is the simplest and most effective method for simulating high‐frequency ground motions. According to studies and empirical relationships, we estimated a region‐specific parameter (κ0) for use in simulations. In this study, two different slip models, namely, random and inverted slip models, were used to explain their influence on the simulation results. For most stations, the simulated seismic characteristics, such as the peak ground acceleration (PGA), pseudo spectral acceleration ,and Fourier acceleration spectrum, are highly compatible with the observed values in the frequency range (f > 1 Hz), indicating that the stochastic finite‐fault approach is not highly sensitive to input slip distributions and fault dimensions. The simulation results indicated no significance between the two slip models under high‐frequency conditions. Finally, based on the predicted PGA values of 1891 field points selected near the fault, the acceleration field of the Jiashi earthquake is plotted. The results show that the use of the acceleration time history predicted by modified EXSIM is feasible and practical in the high‐frequency band above 1 Hz.
An Alternative Methodology of Fair‐Weather Identification for Ground‐Based Measurement of AEF at the Polar Region
Authors: Minamoto Yasuhiro , Kamogawa Masashi , Kadokura Akira , Sato Mitsuteru , Omiya Satoshi
Published: November 2022

We present a novel method to discriminate atmospheric electric field (AEF) variations originating from the global electrical circuit and local meteorological‐induced AEF variations. By comparing the AEF values measured at two different heights, the method identifies the AEF data including disturbances caused by charged blowing snow particles, and provides the fair‐weather AEF data. The intense positive (fair‐weather direction) apparent AEF was measured during strong winds because of the collision of negatively charged blowing snow particles into the sensor electrode of the electric field mill. In general, the volume density of blowing snow particles rapidly decreases with increasing height. Therefore, measured AEF values at the two heights were different. The difference between AEF values measured at the two heights increased at a wind speed of 6 m/s or more. Meanwhile, the statistical analysis showed that the AEF with and without clouds was less than approximately 1 V/m at Syowa Station, which is negligible. In addition, this case study at Syowa Station found no relationship between cloud extension/dissipation and AEF. Accordingly, we propose a practical method to identify the fair‐weather conditions by the AEF values at two heights and wind speed observed in the polar region, such as at Syowa Station. When we employ criteria that the difference between the AEF observed at the 1.4 and 10 m heights was within ±20 V/m under the wind speed with less than 6.0 m/s to the whole data at Syowa Station, 24% of them were identified as fair‐weather data.
Hydrological History of a Palaeolake and Valley System on the Planetary Dichotomy in Arabia Terra, Mars
Authors: Dickeson Z. I. , Grindrod P. M. , Davis J. M. , Crawford I. , Balme M.
Published: November 2022

Hundreds of ancient palaeolake basins have been identified and cataloged on Mars, indicating the distribution and availability of liquid water as well as sites of astrobiological potential. Palaeolakes are widely distributed across the Noachian aged terrains of the southern highlands, but Arabia Terra hosts few documented palaeolakes and even fewer examples of open‐basin palaeolakes. Here we present a detailed topographic and geomorphological study of a previously unknown set of seven open‐basin palaeolakes adjacent to the planetary dichotomy in western Arabia Terra. High resolution topographic data were used to aid identification and characterization of palaeolakes within subtle and irregular basins, revealing two palaeolake systems terminating at the dichotomy, including a ∼160 km chain of six palaeolakes connected by short valley segments. Analysis and correlation of multiple, temporally distinct palaeolake fill levels within each palaeolake basin indicate a complex and prolonged hydrological history during the Noachian. Drainage catchments and collapse features place this system in the context of regional hydrology and the history of the planetary dichotomy, showing evidence for both groundwater sources and surface accumulation. Furthermore, the arrangement of large palaeolakes fed by far smaller palaeolakes, indicates a consistent flow of water through the system, buffered by reservoirs, rather than a catastrophic overflow of lakes cascading down through the system.
Not All Light Spectra Were Created Equal: Can We Harvest Light for Optimum Food‐Energy Co‐Generation?
Authors: Camporese Matteo , Abou Najm Majdi
Published: November 2022

Humanity's growing appetites for food and energy are placing unprecedented yield targets on our lands. Chasing those ever‐expanding land intensification targets gave rise to monocultures and sharpened the divide between food and energy production groups. Here, we argue that this does not have to be a zero‐sum game if food and energy can be co‐generated in the same land. Co‐generation can lead to sustainable intensification but requires a paradigm shift in the way we manage our resources, particularly light. Using an extended model of plant photosynthesis and transpiration, we demonstrate how plants react to different incident light spectra and show that manipulating light could be effective for boosting land and water efficiencies, thus potentially improving soil health. This knowledge can possibly unlock the real potential of promising modern agricultural technologies that target optimization of light allocations such as agrivoltaics. This study suggests that the blue part of the light spectrum is less efficient in terms of carbon assimilation and water use and could be more effectively used to produce solar energy, while the red part could efficiently produce biomass. A sensitivity analysis to the most important crop and environmental variables (irradiance, air temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration) shows that plant response to different light treatments is sensitive to environmental boundary conditions and is species‐specific. Therefore, further research is necessary to assess which crops and climates are more suitable to optimize the proposed food‐water‐energy nexus.
Hydrogen Diffusion in Clinopyroxene at Low Temperatures (195°C–400°C) and Consequences for Subsurface Processes
Authors: Bissbort Thilo , Lynn Kendra J. , Becker Hans‐Werner , Chakraborty Sumit
Published: November 2022

Studying diffusion of hydrogen in nominally anhydrous minerals, like clinopyroxene, at low temperatures is a challenging task due to experimental and analytical difficulties. In this study, to overcome these problems we have produced H concentration gradients in single crystals of natural diopsidic clinopyroxene by ion implantation and measured the nanoscale profiles before and after diffusion anneals using Nuclear Resonance Reaction Analysis. These steps allowed us to conduct experiments at temperatures between 195°C and 400°C. Obtained diffusion rates show a consistent Arrhenius relation DH= 5.47(±13.98) · 10−8 · exp (−115.64(±11.5) kJ mol−1/RT) m2s−1. Notably, our results lie well within the range of extrapolations from high temperature experiments (≥600°C) of previous studies. This implies that fast diffusion of hydrogen (compared to other elements) extends to low temperatures. We used these results in a non‐isothermal diffusion model that simulates the ascent of crystals (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mm) along two representative P‐T‐paths from 600°C to 100°C, to assess potential re‐equilibration of H contents in clinopyroxene at low temperatures. Our model highlights the need to carefully consider boundary conditions, which are a function of P‐T‐fO2, that control the concentration gradient at the crystal's rim. The results from this model help to assess, as a function of crystal size and cooling rate, when re‐equilibration must be considered.