bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel bifunctional converter‐based supercapacitor energy storage module with active voltage equalizing technology
Authors: Jiang Wei , Wu Xiaogang , Zhao Hui
Published: December 2016

A bifunctional converter module for supercapacitor energy storage based on an input‐series‐output‐series (ISOS) circuit is proposed in this paper. Compared to the existing topologies, the proposed circuit acts both as a supercapacitor cell voltage equalizer and as an output voltage regulator. During the charging process, series‐ connected flyback converters transfer energy from fully charged cells to the string via a bypass. Therefore, the fully charged cells maintain the rated terminal voltage, and the charging speed of the rest of the cells increases. During the discharging process, the output voltage of the module can be regulated with the same set of converters. The working principles during the discharging/charging processes are analyzed. The designs of the flyback converter and the control system are presented. A prototype consisting of three submodules is implemented. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed topology. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Identifying effective initiators in OSNs: from the spectral radius perspective
Authors: Ma Songjun , Chen Ge , Wu Weijie , Song Li , Tian Xiaohua , Wang Xinbing
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we focus on maximizing the influence of online social networks (OSNs). Particularly, we try to answer how to select proper information initiators such that information can propagate as widely as possible. We stress our attention on the susceptible‐infected model, a type of epidemic models, to describe the process of information diffusion. In general, OSNs can be classified into two categories, Facebook‐like OSNs and Twitter‐like OSNs. The former ones require bidirectional connections, while the latter do not, so we use the undirected unweighted graph and directed unweighted graph to describe them, respectively. We also pay additional attention to the nonidentity of the link probability on information transmission and build the weight graph, which can also cover both the two types of OSNs. In order to determine values of weight graph's weights, we introduce a learning method to obtain useful factors from raw data for assessing the true link probability on information transmission. Based on spectral analysis within the three graphs, our investigations on the information diffusion show that the spectral radius of the graph adjacency matrix can reflect the capability of information propagation, according to which we could determine effective initiators. We conduct our simulations on real OSNs. Experimental results show that our approach could effectively discover the initiators that spread information widely. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of Highly Pure n‐3 PUFA‐Enriched Triacylglycerols by Two‐Step Enzymatic Reactions Combined with Molecular Distillation
Authors: Li Daoming , Wang Weifei , Li Xuehui , Durrani Rabia , Yang Bo , Wang Yonghua
Published: December 2016

Highly pure n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)‐enriched triacylglycerols (TAG) have attracted considerable attention due to their nutritional benefits and pharmacological effects. In this study, an alternative approach to the conventional method for the synthesis of highly pure n‐3 PUFA‐enriched TAG by using a multi‐step process was reported. First, glyceride mixtures were synthesized through Novozym 435 [Novozymes A/S (Bagsvaerd, Denmark)] catalyzed esterification of n‐3 PUFA‐enriched FA and glycerol. Second, partial glycerides in the resulting glyceride mixtures were hydrolyzed to FA by immobilized partial glycerides‐selective lipase from Malassezia globosa. The purity of TAG reached 99.84% under the optimized conditions: buffer solution of pH 6.0, water content of 100% (w/w, with respect to the oil mass), enzyme loading of 120 U/g (U/w, with respect to oil mass) and reaction temperature of 30 °C. During hydrolysis, the immobilized SMG1‐F278N exhibited good reusability and TAG purity of over 94% was maintained after being used for six cycles. Subsequently, purification of TAG was accomplished by molecular distillation at low temperature (150 °C) and highly pure (99.85%) TAG with 88.73% n‐3 PUFA was obtained. The final glyceride mixtures with low acid, peroxide and anisidine value were promising products for medical and dietetic purposes. Compared with the conventional one‐step synthesis of n‐3 PUFA‐enriched TAG by enzymatic esterification or glycerolysis or the two‐step method by combined transesterification and ethanolysis, this improved process allows for higher purity of n‐3 PUFA‐enriched TAG and significant reduction in reaction time.
The Political Power of Evoking Fear: The Shining Example of Germany's Anti-ttip Campaign Movement
Authors: Bauer Matthias
Published: December 2016

In Germany and Austria, an unprecedented political communication campaign orchestrated by a small group of well-connected politicians, green and left-wing political parties, and associated civil society organisations has evoked strong aversion among the population to the negotiations for the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership Agreement (TTIP) between the EU and the US. Germany's anti-TTIP groups want nothing less than to take their protests to other European countries. The network's campaigns are largely driven by myths and fears evoked by emotive narratives and powerful metaphors. Their reasoning has strong persuasive power though. This article sheds light on who the campaign movement's major protagonists are, the messages they spread, their objectives, and how their deceptive argumentation threatens social interaction, pluralist societies and individual economic freedom.
Variations in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Provision and Processes among Canadian Academic Centres
Authors: Vanderby Sonia , Badea Andreea , Peña Sánchez Juan Nicolás , Kalra Neil , Babyn Paul
Published: December 2016

Purpose

Increasing demand has led to questions regarding the appropriateness of advanced imaging exams, particularly for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The study aimed to explore variability in MRI service provision and request variation within Canadian academic medical imaging departments, particularly factors potentially affecting appropriate MRI service provision.

Methods

All Canadian academic centres with medical imaging residency programs were invited to participate. Participation involved completing an institution-level survey and submitting exam requests for all MRI exams completed in a common 24-hour period. The surveys and request forms were analysed and contrasted.

Results

The 13 participating institutions reported scanner operating hours per week ranging from 101-672; large urban centres typically had higher hours. A total of 42% of sites housed multiple scanners, and 28% housed a 3-T scanner. Most accept requests from all general practitioners and specialists. Only 1 institution has a solely electronic request submission process. Requisitions are focused on patient safety, including contrast considerations, metallic foreign bodies, and implants. Request prioritization scales vary substantially across institutions. Few use referral guidelines to evaluate request appropriateness.

Conclusions

Our analysis showed great variation among facility-level factors such as hours of operation, request forms, and prioritization scales among institutions and facilities. Opportunities exist to create standardized processes and improve request forms to focus more on specific information required for appropriateness, increase consistency in patient care, and promote demand balancing, minimizing unnecessary exams and therefore reducing wait times.
Exercise and its role in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Chen , Guelfi Kym Janese , Yang Hui‐Xia
Published: December 2016

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy that is not clearly either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. GDM is a common medical complication in pregnancy that has been rapidly increasing worldwide. GDM is associated with both short‐ and long‐term health issues for both mothers and offspring. Consistent with type 2 diabetes, peripheral insulin resistance contributes to the hyperglycemia associated with GDM. Accordingly, it is important to identify strategies to reduce the insulin resistance associated with GDM. To date, observational studies have shown that exercise can be a non‐invasive therapeutic option for preventing and managing GDM that can be readily applied to the antenatal population. However, the relevant mechanisms for these outcomes are yet to be fully elucidated. The present review aimed to explain the potential mechanisms of exercise from the perspective of reducing the insulin resistance, which is the root cause of GDM. Exercise recommendations and opinions of exercise during pregnancy are briefly summarized.
Frequent exercise: A healthy habit or a behavioral addiction?
Authors: Chen Wan‐Jing
Published: December 2016

It is well known that regular physical activity helps improve overall health and fitness and reduces the risk of many chronic diseases. However, excessive exercise might be harmful. Exercise addiction (EA) is a pattern of uncontrolled exercise that involves a craving for overwhelming exercise with addictive attributes. So far, little is known about this unique behavioral addiction. The aim of the current study is to introduce the diagnosis and assessment of EA, and to summarize several developing theoretical models. Eating disorders, body image disorder, low self‐esteem, and high narcissism are related to high risk of EA. The paper also discusses the distinction between EA and highly involved physical activity.
Aboriginal Knowledges in Specialized Courts: Emerging Practices in Gladue Courts
Authors: Maurutto Paula , Hannah-Moffat Kelly
Published: December 2016

Reforms to Canadian sentencing law in 1996 and the Supreme Court of Canada decisionR. v. Gladue[1999] opened the door to a new normative set of legal practices that endeavour to integrate racial knowledge about offenders’ collective and individual experiences of race relations and oppression into traditional legal criminal practices. One outcome of the reforms and court cases was the formation of dedicated Gladue courts for Aboriginal peoples. This paper explores the formation of Gladue courts, the legal techniques used to produce contextualized racial knowledges, how this information is admitted as evidence before the court, and how this knowledge is used to reframe legal subjects and the risk they pose.
Storm Impact and Depression Among Older Adults Living in Hurricane Sandy–Affected Areas
Authors: Sirey Jo Anne , Berman Jacquelin , Halkett Ashley , Giunta Nancy , Kerrigan Janice , Raeifar Elmira , Artis Amanda , Banerjee Samprit , Raue Patrick J.
Published: December 2016

Objective

Research on the impact of natural disasters on the mental health of older adults finds both vulnerabilities and resilience. We report on the rates of clinically significant depression among older adults (aged ≥60 years) living in areas affected by Hurricane Sandy in 2012 and the factors associated with mental health need.

Methods

The Sandy Mobilization, Assessment, Referral and Treatment for Mental Health (SMART-MH) program integrates community outreach and needs assessments to identify older adults with mental health and aging service needs. Older adults with significant anxiety or depressive symptoms were offered short-term psychotherapy. Social service referrals were made directly to community agencies. All SMART-MH activities were offered in Spanish, Russian, Mandarin/Cantonese, and English.

Results

Across the full sample, 14% of participants screened positive for depression. Hurricane Sandy stressors predicted increased odds of depression, including storm injury, post-storm crime, and the total count of stressors. Outcomes varied significantly by age group, such that all Sandy-related variables remained significant for younger-old adults (aged 60–74 years), whereas only the loss of access to medical care was significant for older-old adults (aged ≥75 years).

Conclusions

Storm-affected communities show higher rates of depressive symptoms than seen in the general population, with storm stressors affecting mental health needs differentially by age group. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:97–109)
The impact of geographic range, sampling, ecology, and time on extinction risk in the volatile clade Graptoloida
Authors: Boyle James , Sheets H. David , Wu Shuang-Ye , Goldman Daniel , Melchin Michael J. , Cooper Roger A. , Sadler Peter M. , Mitchell Charles E.
Published: December 2016

Although extinction risk has been found to have a consistent negative relationship with geographic range across wide temporal and taxonomic scales, the effect has been difficult to disentangle from factors such as sampling, ecological niche, or clade. In addition, studies of extinction risk have focused on benthic invertebrates with less work on planktic taxa. We employed a global set of 1114 planktic graptolite species from the Ordovician to lower Devonian to analyze the predictive power of species’ traits and abiotic factors on extinction risk, combining general linear models (GLMs), partial least-squares regression (PLSR), and permutation tests. Factors included measures of geographic range, sampling, and graptolite-specific factors such as clade, biofacies affiliation, shallow water tolerance, and age cohorts split at the base of the Katian and Rhuddanian stages.

The percent variance in durations explained varied substantially between taxon subsets from 12% to 45%. Overall commonness, the correlated effects of geographic range and sampling, was the strongest, most consistent factor (12–30% variance explained), with clade and age cohort adding up to 18% and other factors <10%. Surprisingly, geographic range alone contributed little explanatory power (<5%). It is likely that this is a consequence of a nonlinear relationship between geographic range and extinction risk, wherein the largest reductions in extinction risk are gained from moderate expansion of small geographic ranges. Thus, even large differences in range size between graptolite species did not lead to a proportionate difference in extinction risk because of the large average ranges of these species. Finally, we emphasize that the common practice of determining the geographic range of taxa from the union of all occurrences over their duration poses a substantial risk of overestimating the geographic scope of the realized ecological niche and, thus, of further conflating sampling effects on observed duration with the biological effects of range size on extinction risk.
Fatty acid dietary intake in the general French population: are the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) national recommendations met?
Authors: Tressou Jessica , Moulin Philippe , Vergès Bruno , Le Guillou Céline , Simon Noémie , Pasteau Stéphane
Published: December 2016

Quantity and quality of fatty acids (FA) in diet influence CVD risk. Consequently, health authorities promote recommended dietary intakes for FA, looking for optimal intakes in a primary prevention of CVD perspective. In parallel, a few data are available detailing intakes in national populations. The objective of the present study was to perform a large analysis combining the data of the French National Survey INCA 2 on food consumption performed in 2006 and 2007, and the nutritional content of food consumed in France updated in 2013 by the French Information Centre on Food Quality, to explore in details the FA intakes in French adults using the most recent available data. To compare the discrepancies in the observed intake levels with the French recommended levels, a weighted fat adherence score was built combining intakes of the different FA. Individual scores were computed in relation to official recommendations, and potential explanatory factors were identified. These data show that SFA intakes are persistently higher than national recommendations, combined with low intakes of MUFA and PUFA, particularly long-chain n-3 FA. Only 14·6 % of the French population met DHA intake recommendation, 7·8 % for EPA and 21·6 % for SFA. This situation remains unfavourable in terms of primary prevention of CVD. Consuming fish and other sources of n-3 FA, living in the south of France, being female, having a higher education level, and low alcohol consumption were associated with a healthier fat adherence score.
Producing the Climate: States, Scientists, and the Constitution of Global Governance Objects
Authors: Allan Bentley B.
Published: December 2016

This paper argues that the climate came to take on a geophysical rather than a bioecological form in global governance because it emerged from a dynamic, interactive process between states and scientists. In the 1950s, state agencies, especially elements of the US military, steered and accelerated the development of the geophysical sciences, which set the discursive frame within which climate politics now plays out. In the 1990s, scientists and IO experts responded to states' requests to study carbon sinks by expanding the climate to include new greenhouse gases and land-use practices. Drawing on Science and Technology Studies as well as discursive theories of global governance, I theorize object constitution as a process of co-production in which states steer the development of scientific knowledge and scientists assemble epistemic objects. This contingent interaction of political and scientific actors shapes the form and content of global governance objects. The argument extends and challenges the epistemic communities literature and theories of the global governance life cycle that focus on how problems end up on the agenda of states rather than the processes of problem construction.
Single dose intratympanic mesna application inhibits propylene glycol induced cholesteatoma formation
Authors: Ismi O , Karabulut Y Y , Bal K K , Vayisoglu Y , Unal M
Published: December 2016

Objective:

Mesna (i.e. sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate; C2H5NaO3S2) has been used in otological surgery such as cholesteatoma dissection and tympanic membrane lateralisation in atelectatic ears. However, this study aimed to investigate its effect on cholesteatoma formation.

Methods:

A total of 20 Wistar rats were divided into two groups of 10 animals. The right and left ears of control animals were treated with saline (saline control group; n = 10 ears) and propylene glycol plus saline (propylene glycol control group; n = 10 ears), respectively. In the mesna group, both ears were treated with propylene glycol plus mesna (n = 20 ears). On days 1, 8 and 15, the saline control group had intratympanic injections of 0.2 ml saline and the propylene glycol control and mesna groups had intratympanic injections of 0.2 ml 100 per cent propylene glycol. On day 22, the propylene glycol control group had a single intratympanic injection of 0.2 ml saline and the mesna group had a single intratympanic injection of 10 per cent mesna. Animals were killed 12 weeks after the last injection and the temporal bones were sent for histopathological evaluation.

Results:

The cholesteatoma formation rate was 88 per cent in the propylene glycol control group, but was significantly lower in the mesna group (p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in granulation tissue formation (p = 0.498), cyst formation in the bulla (p = 0.381), fibrosis (p = 0.072) and epithelial hyperplasia (p = 0.081) among experimental groups.

Conclusion:

Intratympanic propylene glycol administration is an effective method of promoting experimental cholesteatoma formation. Administration of a single dose of intratympanic mesna inhibited cholesteatoma formation in an animal model.
Environmental and genetic factors influence the vitamin D content of cows’ milk
Authors: Weir R. R. , Strain J. J. , Johnston M. , Lowis C. , Fearon A. M. , Stewart S. , Pourshahidi L. K.
Published: December 2016

Vitamin D is obtained by cattle from the diet and from skin production via UVB exposure from sunlight. The vitamin D status of the cow impacts the vitamin D content of the milk produced, much like human breast milk, with seasonal variation in the vitamin D content of milk well documented. Factors such as changes in husbandry practices therefore have the potential to impact the vitamin D content of milk. For example, a shift to year-round housing from traditional practices of cattle being out to graze during the summer months and housed during the winter only, minimises exposure to the sun and has been shown to negatively influence the vitamin D content of the milk produced. Other practices such as changing dietary sources of vitamin D may also influence the vitamin D content of milk, and evidence exists to suggest genetic factors such as breed can cause variation in the concentrations of vitamin D in the milk produced. The present review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of how genetic and environmental factors influence the vitamin D content of the milk produced by dairy cattle. A number of environmental and genetic factors have previously been identified as having influence on the nutritional content of the milk produced. The present review highlights a need for further research to fully elucidate how farmers could manipulate the factors identified to their advantage with respect to increasing the vitamin D content of milk and standardising it across the year.
Prevalence of current anxiety disorders in people with bipolar disorder during euthymia: a meta-analysis
Authors: Pavlova B. , Perlis R. H. , Mantere O. , Sellgren C. M. , Isometsä E. , Mitchell P. B. , Alda M. , Uher R.
Published: December 2016

Background

Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent in people with bipolar disorder, but it is not clear how many have anxiety disorders even at times when they are free of major mood episodes. We aimed to establish what proportion of euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder meet diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders.

Method

We performed a random-effects meta-analysis of prevalence rates of current DSM-III- and DSM-IV-defined anxiety disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, obsessive–compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and anxiety disorder not otherwise specified) in euthymic adults with bipolar disorder in studies published by 31 December 2015.

Results

Across 10 samples with 2120 individuals with bipolar disorder, 34.7% met diagnostic criteria for one or more anxiety disorders during euthymia [95% confidence interval (CI) 23.9–45.5%]. Direct comparison of 189 euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder and 17 109 population controls across three studies showed a 4.6-fold increase (risk ratio 4.60, 95% CI 2.37–8.92,p< 0.001) in prevalence of anxiety disorders in those with bipolar disorder.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that anxiety disorders are common in people with bipolar disorder even when their mood is adequately controlled. Euthymic people with bipolar disorder should be routinely assessed for anxiety disorders and anxiety-focused treatment should be initiated if indicated.
Psychophysiological endophenotypes to characterize mechanisms of known schizophrenia genetic loci
Authors: Liu M. , Malone S. M. , Vaidyanathan U. , Keller M. C. , Abecasis G. , McGue M. , Iacono W. G. , Vrieze S. I.
Published: December 2016

Background

Endophenotypes are laboratory-based measures hypothesized to lie in the causal chain between genes and clinical disorder, and to serve as a more powerful way to identify genes associated with the disorder. One promise of endophenotypes is that they may assist in elucidating the neurobehavioral mechanisms by which an associated genetic polymorphism affects disorder risk in complex traits. We evaluated this promise by testing the extent to which variants discovered to be associated with schizophrenia through large-scale meta-analysis show associations with psychophysiological endophenotypes.

Method

We genome-wide genotyped and imputed 4905 individuals. Of these, 1837 were whole-genome-sequenced at 11× depth. In a community-based sample, we conducted targeted tests of variants within schizophrenia-associated loci, as well as genome-wide polygenic tests of association, with 17 psychophysiological endophenotypes including acoustic startle response and affective startle modulation, antisaccade, multiple frequencies of resting electroencephalogram (EEG), electrodermal activity and P300 event-related potential.

Results

Using single variant tests and gene-based tests we found suggestive evidence for an association between contactin 4 (CNTN4) and antisaccade and P300. We were unable to find any other variant or gene within the 108 schizophrenia loci significantly associated with any of our 17 endophenotypes. Polygenic risk scores indexing genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia were not related to any of the psychophysiological endophenotypes after correction for multiple testing.

Conclusions

The results indicate significant difficulty in using psychophysiological endophenotypes to characterize the genetically influenced neurobehavioral mechanisms by which risk loci identified in genome-wide association studies affect disorder risk.
The predictors of persistent DSM-IV disorders in 3-year follow-ups of the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys 1999 and 2004
Authors: Ford T. , Macdiarmid F. , Russell A. E. , Racey D. , Goodman R.
Published: December 2016

Background

The identification of the factors that influence the persistence of psychiatric disorder may assist practitioners to focus on young people who are particularly prone to poor outcomes, but population-based samples of sufficient size are rare.

Method

This secondary analysis combined data from two large, population-based cross-sectional surveys in Great Britain (1999 and 2004) and their respective follow-ups (2002 and 2007), to study homotypic persistence among the 998 school-age children with psychiatric disorder at baseline. Psychiatric disorder was measured using the Development and Well-Being Assessment applying DSM-IV criteria. Factors relating to the child, family, and the severity and type of psychopathology at baseline were analysed using logistic regression.

Results

Approximately 50% of children with at least one psychiatric disorder were assigned the same diagnostic grouping at 3-year follow-up. Persistent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety were predicted by poor peer relationship scores. Persistent conduct disorder was predicted by intellectual disability, rented housing, large family size, poor family function and by severer baseline psychopathology scores.

Conclusions

Homotypic persistence was predicted by different factors for different groups of psychiatric disorders. Experimental research in clinical samples should explore whether these factors also influence response to interventions.
Maternal depression and trajectories of child internalizing and externalizing problems: the roles of child decision making and working memory
Authors: Flouri E. , Ruddy A. , Midouhas E.
Published: December 2016

Background

Maternal depression may affect the emotional/behavioural outcomes of children with normal neurocognitive functioning less severely than it does those without. To guide prevention and intervention efforts, research must specify which aspects of a child's cognitive functioning both moderate the effect of maternal depression and are amenable to change. Working memory and decision making may be amenable to change and are so far unexplored as moderators of this effect.

Method

Our sample was 17 160 Millennium Cohort Study children. We analysed trajectories of externalizing (conduct and hyperactivity) and internalizing (emotional and peer) problems, measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at the ages 3, 5, 7 and 11 years, using growth curve models. We characterized maternal depression, also time-varying at these ages, by a high score on the K6. Working memory was measured with the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Spatial Working Memory Task, and decision making (risk taking and quality of decision making) with the Cambridge Gambling Task, both at age 11 years.

Results

Maternal depression predicted both the level and the growth of problems. Risk taking and poor-quality decision making were related positively to externalizing and non-significantly to internalizing problems. Poor working memory was related to both problem types. Neither decision making nor working memory explained the effect of maternal depression on child internalizing/externalizing problems. Importantly, risk taking amplified the effect of maternal depression on internalizing problems, and poor working memory that on internalizing and conduct problems.

Conclusions

Impaired decision making and working memory in children amplify the adverse effect of maternal depression on, particularly, internalizing problems.
A new logical problem for the doctrine of the Trinity
Authors: MOONEY JUSTIN
Published: December 2016

In this article I develop a new problem for the doctrine of the Trinity that I call the Problem of Triunity. Rather than proceeding from the fact that God is one and the persons are many, as the traditional problem of the Trinity does, the problem of triunity proceeds from the fact that, in one sense or another, God is many, and yet each divine person on his own is just one.
WRITING MUSIC (AND MUSIC HISTORY): REFERENTIAL RAMIFICATIONS IN CLAUS-STEFFEN MAHNKOPF'SKURTÁG-ZYKLUS
Authors: Coulembier Klaas , Janssens Daan
Published: December 2016

One of the most striking aspects of Claus-Steffen Mahnkopf'sKurtág-Cycle(2001), is the abundant use of intertextual references: Mahnkopf includes references to compositions of his own, as well as to works of other composers (e.g. Mark Andre). He also refers to literary sources, such as texts by Borges and Nietzsche. In first instance, this article provides a detailed inventory of these many musical and extra-musical references. Second, we highlight some of these interconnections by zooming in on the relationships between the different compositions within theKurtág-Zyklus. A music analytical approach reveals the compositional strategies adopted by Mahnkopf in this work. Third, we examine the motivations behind Mahnkopf's specific choices: Why does Mahnkopf include references to certain composers such as Mark Andre and György Kurtág? And which underlying aesthetic, ideological or personal points of view guided the composer when establishing these specific connections? This paper presents a critical assessment of the interrelations between the two aspects of Claus-Steffen Mahnkopf's work: his theoretical writings and his musical compositions.
Wet Hot Kranichstein Summer: Darmstadt 2016
Authors: Erwin Max
Published: December 2016

The 2016 Darmstädter Ferienkurse für Neue Musik took place from 29 July to 14 August. That's more than two weeks of concerts and lectures. As anyone who has been to a New Music festival knows, you can't see everything, and you'll end up missing stuff that winds up being extremely important.
Poetics of Dance: Body, Image, and Space in the Historical Avant-Gardes
Authors: Morris Gay
Published: December 2016

When Gabriele Brandstetter published Tanz-Lektüren: Körperbilder und Raumfiguren der Avantgarde in 1995, German dance studies hardly existed. The book was a pioneering effort that exerted considerable influence on dance studies in Germany as it developed over the next decades. Now, twenty years later, Tanz-Lektüren has been translated into English, and its appearance is most welcome. The book's importance is not merely historical; on the contrary, it has much to offer today's anglophone reader, particularly in Brandstetter's use of Aby Warburg's theories to analyze dance imagery and movement patterns. Important, too, is her inclusion of numerous writers and artists whose views on dance are little known, or at least little analyzed, in English.
Dance/Agency/History: Randy Martin's Marxian Ethnography
Authors: Franko Mark
Published: December 2016

This article explores Randy Martin's approach to dance studies at the dawn of the discipline in a set of essays written between 1992 and 1998 regarding dance, ethnography, and representation. On one hand, the Marxian basis of Martin's analysis is foregrounded in this article as Martin's working method, and on the other, a theory of the audience (the relation of the spectator to the dance) is identified as what links dance to socialism in Martin's thought; this is the main theoretical motor of his use of dance as an analytic method for social thought.
Importance of riparian habitat for frugivorous bats in a tropical dry forest in western Mexico
Authors: Zarazúa-Carbajal Mariana , Avila-Cabadilla Luis Daniel , Alvarez-Añorve Mariana Yólotl , Benítez-Malvido Julieta , Stoner Kathryn E.
Published: December 2016

Riparian forests (RF) provide shelter, feeding resources and commuting areas and are fundamental for local fauna during long drought periods in tropical dry forests. Nevertheless, information regarding vertebrate ecology in tropical RF is scarce. The studies of bats in riparian habitats have been mostly focused on insectivorous assemblages in non-tropical regions. We contrasted the occurrence of frugivorous bats between RF and upland dry forest (UDF) in a Neotropical dry forest region and evaluated how vegetation structure modulates frugivorous bat presence and abundance. We sampled bat ensembles and vegetation structure in three UDF and three RF sites in Jalisco, Mexico. Bat ensembles and populations were analysed with generalized linear models, including as independent factors: (1) habitat and (2) vegetation attributes. In 72 nights we captured 840 bats belonging to seven species. No effect of habitat type or vegetation structure on species richness was found, but habitat type did affect bat species composition and abundance. Moreover, vegetation structural traits affected frugivorous bat abundance. Frugivore abundance was higher in RF than in UDF probably because RF provides greater resources and more roosting sites. Riparian forests also present more canopy cover and accessible flight spaces. Our results support the importance of RF for frugivorous bats in terms of abundance and composition. Additionally, the lack of differences in species richness between UDF and RF highlights the importance of both habitats for maintaining frugivorous bats, as well as the related ecosystem processes and services in tropical dry forest landscapes.
Logic-based Benders decomposition for planning and scheduling: a computational analysis
Authors: Ciré Andre A. , Çoban Elvin , Hooker John N.
Published: December 2016

Logic-based Benders decomposition (LBBD) has improved the state of the art for solving a variety of planning and scheduling problems, in part by combining the complementary strengths of constraint programming and mixed integer programming (MIP). We undertake a computational analysis of specific factors that contribute to the success of LBBD, to provide guidance for future implementations. We study a problem class that assign tasks to multiple resources and poses a cumulative scheduling problem on each resource. We find that LBBD is at least 1000 times faster than state-of-the-art MIP on larger instances, despite recent advances in the latter. Further, we conclude that LBBD is most effective when the planning and scheduling aspects of the problem are roughly balanced in difficulty. The most effective device for improving LBBD is the inclusion of a subproblem relaxation in the master problem. The strengthening of Benders cuts also plays an important role when the master and subproblem complexity are properly balanced. These findings suggest future research directions.
Breaking cycles of risk: The mitigating role of maternal working memory in associations among socioeconomic status, early caregiving, and children's working memory
Authors: Suor Jennifer H. , Sturge-Apple Melissa L. , Skibo Michael A.
Published: December 2016

Previous research has documented socioeconomic-related disparities in children's working memory; however, the putative proximal caregiving mechanisms that underlie these effects are less known. The present study sought to examine whether the effects of early family socioeconomic status on children's working memory were mediated through experiences of caregiving, specifically maternal harsh discipline and responsiveness. Utilizing a psychobiological framework of parenting, the present study also tested whether maternal working memory moderated the initial paths between the family socioeconomic context and maternal harsh discipline and responsiveness in the mediation model. The sample included 185 socioeconomically diverse mother–child dyads assessed when children were 3.5 and 5 years old. Results demonstrated that maternal harsh discipline was a unique mediator of the relation between early experiences of family socioeconomic adversity and lower working memory outcomes in children. Individual differences in maternal working memory emerged as a potent individual difference factor that specifically moderated the mediating influence of harsh discipline within low socioeconomic contexts. The findings have implications for early risk processes underlying deficits in child working memory outcomes and potential targets for parent–child interventions.
General Synod of the Church of Ireland
Authors: Davey Michael , Turner Kate
Published: December 2016

This year's General Synod, the second meeting of the triennium, was held in Dún Laoghaire, to the south of Dublin. It was a hotel conference venue, albeit one new to the Synod meeting. The Synod passed Bills relating to the areas of episcopal election and part-time ministry, as well as the ongoing areas of charity legislation and pensions. A Bill relating to diocesan boundaries was withdrawn.
French in early modern Norwich
Authors: JOBY CHRISTOPHER
Published: December 2016

Much has been written about the use of French in medieval England. However, with one or two exceptions, relatively little has been written about the language in early modern England. This article aims to provide an account of the use of French as an emigrant language in one of the leading provincial cities in early modern England, Norwich. From 1565 onwards thousands of people from the French-language area migrated to England as a result of economic necessity and religious persecution. Many of them settled in Norwich. As well as these immigrants and their descendants, there were Dutch immigrants in Norwich who spoke French as well as several well-educated individuals from the local English population such as Sir Thomas Browne. This article describes the varieties of French used in Norwich, including Picard, the emerging standard French and Law French. It then discusses how French operated in the multilingual environment of early modern Norwich under the headings of language competition, language contact, bilingualism, code switching, translation, and finally, language shift and recession. It adds not only to our understanding of French in early modern England but also to the literature on French as an emigrant language.
CAREX DRUKYULENSIS (CYPERACEAE), A ‘NEW’ SPECIES FROM THE HIMALAYAS (BHUTAN)
Authors: Jiménez-Mejías P. , Noltie H. J.
Published: December 2016

On the basis of previously published molecular data, and morphological observations, Carex nigra subsp. drukyulensis from the eastern Himalayas (Bhutan) is raised to specific rank as Carex drukyulensis.
FROM BUSINESS CYCLE THEORY TO THE THEORY OF EMPLOYMENT: ALVIN HANSEN AND PAUL SAMUELSON
Authors: Backhouse Roger E.
Published: December 2016

This paper discusses the transition from a perspective in which the determination of income, output, and unemployment was seen as a part of the theory of the business cycle to one in which they are determined independently of the cycle, a transition that meant that the theory of output came to be more sharply separated from the theory of growth. In place of theories of the business cycle, which were rooted in structural changes associated with growth, business cycle theory came to be more of an adjunct to short-run theories. Whereas Arthur Cecil Pigou and John Maynard Keynes were already arguing in terms of the short run by the early 1930s, some American economists continued to think in terms of the business cycle until the very end of the 1930s. This paper shows that for Alvin Hansen and Paul Samuelson, both highly influential figures in postwar economics, the shift came about only because of the need to adduce structural factors to explain the recession of 1937–38 and wartime experience. The focus on income determination as the central macroeconomic problem in Samuelson’s textbook reflected the change in thinking that had happened during the 1940s.
Importance of mental performance in parental choice of food for children aged 4–10 years: a study in four European countries
Authors: Gage Heather , Egan Bernadette , Williams Peter , Brands Brigitte , Györei Eszter , López-Robles Juan-Carlos , Campoy Cristina , Decsi Tamas , Koletzko Berthold , Raats Monique
Published: December 2016

Objective

Typically, attention focuses on how nutrition affects physical health. The present study investigated the importance that parents attach to the impact of diet on mental performance when choosing food for their child.

Design

Questionnaire.

Setting

Four European countries.

Subjects

Parents of children aged 4–10 years (n 1574): England (n 397), Germany (n 389), Hungary (n 398) and Spain (n 390).

Results

Most parents (80–85 %) considered the effect of food on four elements of mental performance (child’s ability to learn, attention, behaviour, mood) to be moderately, very, extremely (v. slightly, not at all) important in food choices; over 90 % considered healthiness of food and making food appealing to their child important; 79·8 % cost; 76·8 % convenience. Belief that food affects mental performance was 57·4 % (ability to learn), 60·5 % (attention); less than 40 % of parents agreed they were aware which foods had an effect. Parents with lower general interest in healthy eating were less likely to consider the effect of food on mental performance elements as important. Respondents from Germany were more likely to rate mental performance as important (except behaviour); those in Hungary less likely. The most important influence on parents’ decisions about feeding their child was their own experience, except Spain, where family/friends/health professionals were more important.

Conclusions

Nutrition affects brain development and cognitive functioning. Low prioritisation of the effect of food on mental performance indicates potential for educating parents.
Associations between physical home environmental factors and vegetable consumption among Norwegian 3–5-year-olds: the BRA-study
Authors: Kristiansen Anne Lene , Bjelland Mona , Himberg-Sundet Anne , Lien Nanna , Andersen Lene Frost
Published: December 2016

Objective

First, to explore item pools developed to measure the physical home environment of pre-school children and assess the psychometric properties of these item pools; second, to explore associations between this environment and vegetable consumption among Norwegian 3–5-year-olds.

Design

Data were collected in three steps: (i) a parental web-based questionnaire assessing the child’s vegetable intake and factors potentially influencing the child’s vegetable consumption; (ii) direct observation of the children’s fruit, berry and vegetable intakes at two meals in one day in the kindergarten; and (iii) a parental web-based 24 h recall.

Setting

The target group for this study was pre-school children born in 2010 and 2011, attending public or private kindergartens in the counties of Vestfold and Buskerud, Norway.

Subjects

A total of 633 children participated.

Results

Principal component analysis on the thirteen-item pool assessing availability/accessibility resulted in two factors labelled ‘availability at home’ and ‘accessibility at home’, while the eight-item pool assessing barriers resulted in two factors labelled ‘serving barriers’ and ‘purchase barriers’. The psychometric properties of these factors were satisfactory. Linear regression of the associations between vegetable intake and the factors showed generally positive associations with ‘availability at home’ and ‘accessibility at home’ and negative associations with ‘serving barriers’.

Conclusions

This age group has so far been understudied and there is a need for comparable studies. Our findings highlight the importance of targeting the physical home environment of pre-school children in future interventions as there are important modifiable factors that both promote and hinder vegetable consumption in this environment.
Demographic change, PAYG pensions and child policies
Authors: STAUVERMANN PETER JOSEF , KUMAR RONALD RAVINESH
Published: December 2016

The aim of the paper is to investigate how child policies affect the population growth and to what extent these policies are useful to increase pension benefits of a pay-as-you-go pension system in a small open economy. Specifically, we analyze two different child policies: the provision of child allowances and an educational subsidy. We apply an overlapping generations model in its canonical form, where we consider endogenous fertility, endogenous growth and endogenous aging of the society. From the analysis, we conclude that with a child allowance, there is a consequent increase in the number of children and decrease in pension benefits and life expectancy. On the other hand, we note that with an educational subsidy, there is a decrease in the number of children, and an increase in the pension benefits and the life expectancy, respectively. The model developed aims to complement the models of the Unified Growth Theory.
“Religious Nones” in the United Kingdom: How Atheists and Agnostics Think about Religion and Politics
Authors: Clements Ben , Gries Peter
Published: December 2016

The decline in religious identification and corresponding increase in the unaffiliated has been one of the most important religious changes in the United Kingdom (UK). The emergence of the “religious nones” is the most obvious sign of continuing secularization and the declining social and cultural relevance of religion. Yet while the religiously-unaffiliated often form the plurality — if not sometimes the majority — in many surveys, there has been little scholarly investigation into atheists, agnostics, and others who do not identify with a particular religion. This article uses a 2014 survey of UK adults to examine how those who identify as atheist or agnostic differ from the religiously-affiliated in terms of religiosity, ideology, and policy preferences. Findings reveal secular groups in the UK to be more to the ideological left than the religiously affiliated, and that atheists and agnostics differ from each other and especially the religiously affiliated on public policy.