bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Intertropical Convergence Zone dynamics during the last 3 millennia in northeastern Brazil and related impacts in modern human history
Authors: Utida Giselle , Cruz Francisco W. , Vuille Mathias , Ampuero Angela , Novello Valdir F. , Maksic Jelena , Sampaio Gilvan , Cheng Hai , Zhang Haiwei , Dias de Andrade Fabio Ramos , Edwards R. Lawrence
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Changes in tropical precipitation over the past millennia have usually been associated with latitudinal displacements of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Recent studies provide new evidence that contraction and expansion of the tropical rain belt may also have contributed to ITCZ variability on centennial timescales. Over tropical South America few records point to a similar interpretation, which prevents a clear diagnosis of ITCZ changes in the region. In order to improve our understanding of equatorial rain belt variability, our study presents a reconstruction of precipitation for the last 3200 years from the northeastern Brazil (NEB) region, an area solely influenced by ITCZ precipitation. We analyze oxygen isotopes in speleothems that serve as a faithful proxy for the past location of the southern margin of the ITCZ. Our results, in comparison with other ITCZ proxies, indicate that the range of seasonal migration, contraction, and expansion of the ITCZ was not symmetrical around the Equator on secular and multidecadal timescales. A new NEB ITCZ pattern emerges based on the comparison between two distinct proxies that characterize the ITCZ behavior during the last 2500 years, with an ITCZ zonal pattern between NEB and the eastern Amazon. In NEB, the period related to the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA – 950 to 1250 CE) was characterized by an abrupt transition from wet to dry conditions. These drier conditions persisted until the onset of the period corresponding to the Little Ice Age (LIA) in 1560 CE, representing the longest dry period over the last 3200 years in NEB. The ITCZ was apparently forced by teleconnections between Atlantic and Pacific that controlled the position, intensity, and extent of the Walker cell over South America, changing the zonal ITCZ characteristics, while sea surface temperature changes in both the Pacific and Atlantic stretched or weakened the ITCZ-related rainfall meridionally over NEB. Wetter conditions started around 1500 CE in NEB. During the last 500 years, our speleothems document the occurrence of some of the strongest drought events over the last centuries, which drastically affected population and environment of NEB during the Portuguese colonial period. The historical droughts were able to affect the karst system and led to significant impacts over the entire NEB region.
Estuarine hurricane wind can intensify surge-dominated extreme water level in shallow and converging coastal systems
Authors: Deb Mithun , Benedict James , Sun Ning , Yang Zhaoqing , Hetland Robert , Judi David , Wang Taiping
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Based on the projected increase in hurricane landfall frequency on the middle to lower U.S. East Coast, we examined the crucial role of the estuarine wind field in exacerbating coastal flooding. A regionally refined atmospheric and two high-resolution hydrology and ocean models are integrated to provide plausible and physically-consistent ensembles of hurricane events and the associated flooding inside the Delaware Bay and River, a U.S. mid-Atlantic estuary. Model results show that the hurricane propagation direction, estuarine geometry, remote surge from the open ocean, and direct nearshore upwind stress could magnify the flood magnitude. More specifically, inland-bound tracks that make landfall before reaching the mid-Atlantic coast produce a more significant surge within Delaware Bay than the shore-parallel tracks, where the estuarine wind direction plays the primary role in surge amplification. Ultimately, this study emphasized the need for integrated models to capture the nonlinear dynamics and interactions in flood hazard modeling.
Introducing a new floodplain scheme in ORCHIDEE (version 7885): validation and evaluation over the Pantanal wetlands
Authors: Schrapffer Anthony , Polcher Jan , Sörensson Anna , Fita Lluís
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Adapting and improving the hydrological processes in land surface models are crucial given the increase in the resolution of the climate models to correctly represent the hydrological cycle. The present paper introduces a floodplain scheme adapted to the higher-resolution river routing of the Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) land surface model. The scheme is based on a sub-tile parameterisation of the hydrological units – a hydrological transfer unit (HTU) concept – based on high-resolution hydrologically coherent digital elevation models, which can be used for all types of resolutions and projections. The floodplain scheme was developed and evaluated for different atmospheric forcings and resolutions (0.5∘ and 25 km) over one of the world's largest floodplains: the Pantanal, located in central South America. The floodplain scheme is validated based on the river discharge at the outflow of the Pantanal which represents the hydrological cycle over the basin, the temporal evolution of the water mass over the region assessed by the anomaly of total water storage in the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE), and the temporal evaluation of the flooded areas compared to the Global Inundation Extent from Multi-Satellites version 2 (GIEMS-2) dataset. The hydrological cycle is satisfactorily simulated; however, the base flow may be underestimated. The temporal evolution of the flooded area is coherent with the observations, although the size of the area is underestimated in comparison to GIEMS-2. The presence of floodplains increases the soil moisture up to 50 % and decreases average temperature by 3 ∘C and by 6 ∘C during the dry season. The higher soil moisture increases the vegetation density, and, along with the presence of open-water surfaces due to the floodplains, it affects the surface energy budget by increasing the latent flux at the expense of the sensible flux. This is linked to the increase in the evapotranspiration related to the increased water availability. The effect of the floodplain scheme on the land surface conditions highlights that coupled simulations using the floodplain scheme may influence local and regional precipitation and regional circulation.
Measuring the spatiotemporal variability in snow depth in subarctic environments using UASs – Part 1: Measurements, processing, and accuracy assessment
Authors: Rauhala Anssi , Meriö Leo-Juhani , Kuzmin Anton , Korpelainen Pasi , Ala-aho Pertti , Kumpula Timo , Kløve Bjørn , Marttila Hannu
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Snow conditions in the Northern Hemisphere are rapidly changing, and information on snow depth is critical for decision-making and other societal needs. Uncrewed or unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) can offer data resolutions of a few centimeters at a catchment-scale and thus provide a low-cost solution to bridge the gap between sparse manual probing and low-resolution satellite data. In this study, we present a series of snow depth measurements using different UAS platforms throughout the winter in the Finnish subarctic site Pallas, which has a heterogeneous landscape. We discuss the different platforms, the methods utilized, difficulties working in the harsh northern environment, and the UAS snow depth results compared to in situ measurements. Generally, all UASs produced spatially representative estimates of snow depth in open areas after reliable georeferencing by using the structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry technique. However, significant differences were observed in the accuracies produced by the different UASs compared to manual snow depth measurements, with overall root mean square errors (RMSEs) varying between 13.0 and 25.2 cm, depending on the UAS. Additionally, a reduction in accuracy was observed when moving from an open mire area to forest-covered areas. We demonstrate the potential of low-cost UASs to efficiently map snow surface conditions, and we give some recommendations on UAS platform selection and operation in a harsh subarctic environment with variable canopy cover.
Permafrost degradation of peatlands in northern Sweden
Authors: Valman Samuel , Siewert Matthias , Boyd Doreen , Ledger Martha , Gee David , de la Barreda-Bautista Betsabe , Sowter Andrew , Sjogersten Sofie
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Climate heating is degrading palsa peatlands across the circumpolar permafrost region. Permafrost degradation may lead to ecosystem collapse and potentially strong climate feedbacks, as this ecosystem is an important carbon store and can transition to being a strong methane emitter. Landscape level measurement of permafrost degradation is needed to monitor this impact of warming. Surface subsidence is a useful metric of change and can be monitored using InSAR satellite technology. We combined InSAR data, processed using the ASPIS algorithm to monitor ground motion between 2017 and 2021, with optical and LiDAR data to investigate the rate of subsidence across palsa peatlands in northern Sweden. We show that 55 % of the area of Sweden’s eight largest palsa peatlands is currently subsiding, which can be attributed to these permafrost landforms and their degradation. The most rapid degradation occurring in the largest palsa complexes in the most northern part of the region of study, also corresponding to the areas with the highest % palsa cover within the overall mapped wetland area. Further, higher degradation rates were found in areas where winter precipitation has increased substantially. The roughness index calculated from a LiDAR-derived DEM, used as a proxy for degradation, increases alongside subsidence rates and may be used as a complementary proxy for palsa degradation. We show that combining datasets captured using remote sensing enables regional-scale estimation of ongoing permafrost degradation, an important step to-wards estimating the future impact of climate change on permafrost-dependent ecosystems.
Comparison of the Effects Metal Inert Gas and Laser Beam Welding on Duplex Stainless Steel Properties
Authors: Sharef Thoria , Morghem Maryem , Ighnegewa Aisa , Daw Adel
Published: October 2023

In this study, optimal characteristics for duplex stainless steels (2507DSS) are attained when austenite and ferrite are present in roughly equal amounts in the microstructure. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare how different metal inert gas (MIG) and laser welding (LBW) parameters affect the weld characters of joints that are butt welded joints of duplex stainless steel plate with thickness of 8mm, the speed is constant and changing beam power, with argon shielding gas. Conventional MIG welding parameters are ranges; current, voltage are constant with changing speed and using gas mixture Ar and CO2 with a filler metal, and a single V groove. Investigation of welded joints has been carried out using different methods visual inspection, optical micro structure, hardness measurements, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis and tensile test.  The results achieved in this investigation disclosed that welding parameters obtaining satisfactory properties of welded joint; no visible welding flaws, porosity and incompetent penetration. The fusion zone's grain size is finer in LB than MIG welding. EDX microscopic analysis reveals a slightly different structure in MIG and LB welds of BM microstructure, with filler altering Fe element and C-carbone content, causing brittleness due to ferrite content. The hardness results showed that no appreciable differences between MIG and LB in the welding bool area zone were equalled (265- 289Hv) respectively. Tensile strength and ductility increased with MIG and LBW in HAZ, at the same time laser welded specimens showing the highest ductility and strength.
دور نظم تخطيط موارد المشروع في تعزيز إجراءات التخطيط والتنفيذ للمراجعة الداخلية؛ دراسة ميدانية على إحدى شركات الاتصالات العاملة في جمهورية مصر العربية.
Authors: متخطري فتح الله
Published: October 2023

استهدف هذا البحث دراسة دور نظام ERP في تعزيز إجراءات التخطيط والتنفيذ في وظيفة المراجعة الداخلية بالشركات، اعتمد الباحث على المنهج الوصفي لتسجيل ووصف الإجراءات قبل وبعد تنفيذ نظام ERP، وتمت الدراسة العملية على إحدى شركات الاتصالات العاملة في جمهورية مصر العربية، وقد اتخذ الباحث أحد القطاعات الجغرافية لهذه الشركة كعينة للدراسة، واعتمد الباحث على أسلوب الدراسة الميدانية لجمع البيانات. حيث كان الباحث فيها ملاحظا مشاركاً كأحد أفراد قسم المراجعة الداخلية الذي يراجع عمليات إدارة المبيعات. عايش الباحث فترة تطبيق النظام اليدوي وكذلك فترة تطبيق نظام ERP ووضع لها وصفاً دقيقاً. وقد أسفرت نتائج الدراسة عن أن نشاط المراجعة الداخلية في ظل نظم ERP قد وسّع من أهداف المراجعة وغيّر نطاقها والمهارات المطلوبة من موظفيها. كما أنه حرر المراجعين من ضغط الوقت، والتخلص من نظام المعاينة في المراجعة واتباع أسلوب الفحص الشامل عن طريق التقارير الصادرة من النظام، وإمكانية تنفيذ خطة المراجعة في الوقت المحدد بكفاءة وفاعلية. أضاف هذا البحث قيمة علمية من خلال اتباع أسلوب الدراسة الميدانية لفحص تأثير نظم ERP على إجراءات المراجعة الداخلية، ولفت أنظار الممارسين إلى أهمية نظم ERP من أجل تخطيط وتنفيذ إجراءات المراجعة الداخلية في مؤسساتهم.
The Impact Of Carbon Fiber on the surface properties of the 3D Printed PEGT Product
Authors: Hadeeyah Abraheem , Jamhour Hana , Emhemed Ibrahim , Alhadar Fouzi , Masmoudi Neila , Wali Monder
Published: October 2023

The primary focus of this work is the development of a hybrid composite material for 3D filaments. Polyethylene phthalate glycol (PETG) and (PETG/Carbon) fiber composite materials have their surface properties (surface roughness, Shore hardness, and micro hardness) tested. A ratio of 15% carbon fiber (in the form of carbon filaments) was used as the reinforcing filler. Using FDM (fused deposition modeling material) technology, the surface properties of PETG material used in 3D printed objects were enhanced. An ENDER 3D printer was used to create three PETG and PETG/Carbon fiber samples, using the printer setting 240°C temperature, 80°C build plate temperature, 55mm/s speed, 0.2mm layer height and speed fan 100mm/s. After that, an optical microscope and FT-IR technologies were used to investigate the samples. Results showed that as compared to PETG, the surface roughness of PETG/Carbon was reduced by 32.7%. This allowed carbon fiber to break doubly bonded in the PETG structure and also enhanced sample flow and adhesion. The PETG/Carbon samples had a Shore hardness D that was 2.16% lower than PETG's, but a slightly higher Micro hardness, making them more comparable to 10.4 HV than to 9.6 HV. However, the carbon fiber was reinforced and showed high compatibility with a PETG polymer matrix at the samples' buried structures, demonstrating that a 3D printer is an effective production tool for producing homogenized composite materials. According to claims, these features enhance the carbon fiber's ability to slide in PETG/Carbon samples.
On Shehu Transform with Application of Solutions of Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Bribesh Fathi
Published: October 2023

This review article explains the Shehu transform as a tool used for solving linear differential equations of fractional order, where the definition of the Caputo differential operator of order α>0, is taken into consideration. The transformation is used to convert Initial Value Problems (IVPs) of the fractional order of Caputo sense into simple algebraic equations. Then the inverse of the transform is used to obtain the analytical solution of the problem. We solved some illustrative examples.
Estimation of Solar Cell Equivalent Circuit Parameters for Photovoltaic Module Using Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Hussin Mohamed Nuri , Nasir Ibrahim , Hamza Ahmed
Published: October 2023

The accurate estimation of solar module parameters is crucial for predicting the energy production of photovoltaic modules under different environmental conditions. In this paper, we present an approach for estimating the optimum parameters of a one-diode model using the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm implemented in MATLAB. Our system enables the determination of these parameters at any solar irradiance and module temperature conditions, making it easy to apply the model for predicting the energy production of a photovoltaic module. The results demonstrate that the DE algorithm can estimate the parameters accurately. The numerical estimation technique based on a mathematical algorithm approximately fits all the points on the I-V curve at various environmental conditions. This work is a valuable tool for improving solar cells’ performance and efficiency and applies to many photovoltaic applications.
إمكانية استخدام الخرسانة المعالجة بالاتوكلاف في مباني بيئات المناطق الحارة (الحالة الدراسية مدينة سبها)
Authors: العشعوش لؤي , الشريف محمد الولي
Published: October 2023

تتسارع تكنولوجيا البناء عالميا في طرح مواد ونظريات جديدة في عالم يسعى لتحقيق المزيد من الاستدامة في ذات المجال، مع المحافظة على الغايات الوظيفية والاستفادة المثلى من المباني وتحقيق راحة المستخدمين، ومن خلال الاطلاع على الواقع المناخي الصحراوي الحار الذي يعيشه الانسان القاطن في الجنوب الليبي ونظم ومواد البناء المستخدمة فيه. كان لابد من البحث عن مواد بناء بديلة عن تلك المستخدمة حالياً لمواجهة الفروقات الحرارية التي تتفاوت بين درجة حرارة تصل الى " 44.2º صيفا & 2.29º شتاءاُ " من اجل تحقيق مفهوم الراحة الحرارية في المباني السكنية وغيرها من المباني. وعليه من خلال الدراسة المعمقة للباحثين في خواص مادة الخرسانة المعالجة بالاتوكلافautoclaved aerated concrete or AAC" " وتطبيقها عالميا واقليميا في مناخات مشابهة لمدينة سبها، واستخدام المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي للبحث، جاءت هذه الدراسة لتبين اهمية استخدام هذه المادة من خلال عمل محاكاة لبناء سكني في مدينة سبها لتوضيح الاثر الرجعي من استخدامها مقارنة بالبلوك الاسمنتي المنتشر حاليا، حيث اوضحت نتائج الدراسة بأن مادة الـ AAC خفضت قيمة معامل انتقال الحرارة الخارجية من 1.93 W/m²k للجدار من البلوك الاسمنتي إلى 0.58 W/m²k ، وقللت ما قيمته 23.25% من عدد ساعات التبريد غير المستوفاة بنفس السماكة لنفس الفراغ، وقد خلصت الدراسة كذلك الى امكانية طرح استخدام هذه المادة مستقبلا في بناء المباني في ليبيا وخاصة في المنطقة الجنوبية.
Yapay Zekâ ve Uluslararası Hukukun Geleceği
Authors: DOST Süleyman
Published: October 2023

Yapay zekâ alanındaki gelişmeler ile birlikte ulusal ve uluslararası boyutta inanılmaz bir değişim yaşanmaktadır. Bu gelişmeler uluslararası hukuku da derinden etkileme potansiyeline sahiptir. Yapay zekâ ürünü bazı araç, silah ve akıllı cihaz uygulamaları bazı temel insan haklarını derinden etkilemiştir. Bu kapsamda otonom silahların kullanılmaya başlanması ile insancıl hukuk bağlamında sivillerin korunması ve yaşama hakkı daha fazla tehdit altına girmiştir. Yapay zekâ ile yapılan içerik kişiselleştirme ve filtre baloncuğu uygulamaları, ifade özgürlüğü için risk oluşturmaktadır. Yine güvenlik, sağlık, iş, online alışveriş gibi amaçlarla kullanılan çeşitli uygulamalarla kişisel verilerin elde edilmesi, kişisel verilerin korunması ve özel hayatın gizliliği gibi temel insan haklarını darmadağın etmiştir. Bu makalede öncelikle yapay zekânın olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri ele alınmaktadır. Daha sonra yapay zekânın etkilediği, yaşama hakkı, ifade özgürlüğü ve kişisel verilerin korunması / özel hayatın gizliliği hakları incelenmektedir. Ardından yapay zekâ konusunda çeşitli uluslararası kuruluşların hazırladığı rehber veya tavsiye kuralları üzerinde durulmaktadır.
Identification of species falsification of cod liver by polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Kalyuzhnaya T. V. , Orlova D. A. , Zhmurkina P. S.
Published: October 2023

With the increase in consumer demand for fish products, the number of enterprises offering their products on the market has increased, which has led to a decrease in the quality of these goods. Cod liver is an expensive raw material for the production of canned food. In order to reduce production costs, manufacturers replace cod liver with salmon milk, in particular pink salmon, which is a species falsification. Modern methods of fish and fish products research are used to detect falsification in laboratory practice. The advantage of this method is that it is the most specific and sensitive for identifying the species of the raw material composition of the product and the finished product, since the DNA molecule does not lose its ability to perform an informative function under the influence of physical or chemical parameters, which characterizes it as the most stable structure of any animal organism. The research was carried out in the conditions of the Department of Molecular Research of the North-Western branch of the FGBI VNIIZH. The research material was 12 samples of canned fish sterilized from the liver of Atlantic cod. At the first stage, sample preparation was carried out by homogenizing samples into mortars, then 8 samples of each sample were taken, DNA extraction was carried out using a set of "GMO-Sorb-B". At the next stage, using the "Rotor-Gene 6000" amplifier, a polymerase chain reaction was set up, using kits for detecting the DNA of cod, haddock, pollock and DNA of salmon fish and differentiating species: pink salmon, chum salmon and sockeye salmon. As a result of the conducted studies, it was established that the liver of cod declared in the composition was not detected in one sample, since the content of cod fish was not detected in all samples from this sample, but the presence of pink salmon DNA was established. The results obtained indicate the specific falsification of canned cod liver.
Histomorphology of the vesicular and prostate glands of newborn piglets
Authors: Bylinskaya D. S. , Zelenevsky N. V.
Published: October 2023

The economic efficiency of animal husbandry depends on the productivity of the herd, which is usually assessed by analyzing the reproductive performance of females. However, similar indicators of males should be equally taken into account. The accessory sex glands of males are involved in the production of seminal plasma, thereby playing an important role in the reproductive process. The aim of the study is to give a histomorphological characteristic of the accessory sex glands and to determine their functional state in newborn piglets. The object of the study was the accessory sex glands of newborn piglets at the age of 1 day. The vesicular and prostate glands were selected for histological examination. The material was fixed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin for 24 hours, after which it was poured into paraffin according to the generally accepted method. Then sections with a thickness of 3- 5 microns were made, which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Some of the sections were painted with Masson Trichrome, alcian blue. It was found that in newborn piglets, the vesicular gland is located on the dorsal surface of the bladder, at the beginning of the pelvic part of the urethra, the prostate gland is located caudally from the vesicular gland, dorsally from the genitourinary canal. The study established the main histomorphological features of the vesicular and prostate glands in newborn piglets. The parenchyma of the glands is in the stage of functional immaturity, most of the organ is occupied by the connective tissue stroma, among the elements of which there is a large number of fibroblastic cells. At the same time, secretory activity of some end sections of the vesicular gland is noted. The data obtained are the starting point for further studies of the functional activity of the cells of the accessory sex glands in boars.
Skeletotopic landmarks of the points of fixation of the quadriceps femoral muscle in representatives of canids
Authors: Shirokova E. O. , Slesarenko N. A. , Oganov E. O.
Published: October 2023

The article presents skeletotopic landmarks of the points of fixation of the quadriceps femoral muscle in representatives of Canidae (shalayka and domestic dog), which are absent in the available literature. Thus, it was revealed that the straight head in the distal part of the shalaika is attached to the base of the cranial surface of the kneecap by tendon fibers, and in the domestic dog its muscle-tendon fixation was found. The research was carried out at the Department of Anatomy and Histology of Animals named after Professor A. F. Klimov of the Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MBA named after K. I. Scriabin. The material for the research was sectional material - pelvic limbs (n=16), selected from adult dogs and canine hybrids (shalayka), without external signs of musculoskeletal system pathologies. The methods of fine macro- and microanatomic dissection under the control of a Micromed HR 350 S binocular magnifier were used, followed by functional analysis of the studied structures and skeletotopic projection of muscle attachment points on the kneecap. When studying the structures located on the kneecap, it was found that the cranial head of the tailor's muscle and the wide fascia of the thigh, covering the cranial surface of the kneecap, connects to the underlying organs through loose connective tissue. However, at the top of the cranial tubercle, they closely fuse with the tendon of the rectus femoris muscle, as well as directly with the periosteum of the cranial tubercle of the kneecap, and then, covering the rectus ligament of the kneecap, continue into the fascia of the lower leg.
Comparison of virulence of some strains of microorganisms on the larva model of a large wax moth and a mouse model. Is replacement possible?
Authors: Taraskin A. O. , Kryshen K. L.
Published: October 2023

To date, conducting experiments involving animals is difficult due to the high cost, the complexity of reproducibility, as well as the ethical standards of modern society. The 3R concept developed in the last century encourages the development of alternative test systems. Among other alternative test systems, the wax moth larva occupies a special place. The use of larvae of the great wax moth (Galleria melonella) as a test system for determining the virulent properties of microorganisms is a promising direction and makes it possible to reduce the cost of research. However, not in all experiments, researchers could register the same semilethal doses for selected strains when comparing the Galleria melonella test system and mammals. Previously, a study was conducted, where, among other things, the semilethal doses of some strains were determined using the Galleria melonella test system. The aim of this study was to compare the semilethal doses of selected strains when administered to G. mellonella and mice. For the experiment, the animals were injected intraperitoneally with suspensions of reference strains of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (VKPM B - 8076), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 6303 and clinical isolates of Escherichia coli ENV 194, Staphylococcus aureus SA 0077 (MRSA), Streptococcus pneumoniae 1068 19 A After infection, the animals were observed daily throughout the experiment. During daily clinical observation, visually noted (if any) clinical signs indicating the development of an infectious process, and also recorded body weight. After determining the LD50, the results were compared with the data obtained in the experiment with the larvae of the great wax moth. As a result of comparing the semi-lethal doses of the selected strains, it can be concluded that there is no clear correlation between the data obtained in the two experiments.
Amino acid composition of milk of black-and-white cows in the winter-spring period of the year (message 1)
Authors: Kolesnik N. S. , Zaitsev S. Yu.
Published: October 2023

Determination of the amino acid (AA) composition of cow milk, especially in terms of essential amino acids, is important and relevant. Recently, there has been an increase in publications on the improvement of methods for analyzing the AA composition of animal milk, primarily cows. The purpose of our research is to study the features of the amino acid composition of the milk of Black-and-White cows in the winter-spring period. The studies were carried out with samples of the “Ladozhskoye” breeding farm (Krasnodar Territory, Ust-Labinsky District). Group 1 (January) included 12 animals, groups 2 and 3 (March and April) included 22 animals each, i.e. a total of 56 animals. The cows were fed according to generally accepted norms. The determination of AA was carried out by ion-exchange chromatography with post-column derivatization of samples with ninhydrin on an LC-20 Prominence system (Shimadzu, Japan) and a column with an ion-exchange resin 4.6x150 mm (Sevko, Russia). New data on the AA composition of the milk of Black-and-White cows have been obtained. To author’s opinion, not only the absolute values of AA in milk are important, but also their ratios. For the first time, particular “rows” on the AA content in cow milk samples were obtained: Glu >> Leu > Lys = Pro > Asp > Val > Phe ≥ Ile ≥ Tyr > Arg = Ser > Ala = Thr ≥ His > Met > Gly > Cys (January) ; Glu >> Leu > Pro > Lys > Asp > Val > Phe > Arg ≥ Ile = Tyr ≥ Ser > Ala = Thr > His ≥ Met > Gly > Cys (March); Glu >> Leu > Pro > Lys = Arg > Asp > Val > Phe ≥ Ile ≥ Tyr > Ser > Ala ≥ Thr ≥ His ≥ Met > Gly > Cys (April). Our studies have shown a decrease in the AA amount of in cow's milk by spring (in March and, especially, in April), which can be explained by the adaptation of physiological and biochemical processes in the animal body during this period.
Morphological justification of the risk of mastopathy in cattle
Authors: Slesarenko N. A. , Khrustalev E. N. , Shirokova E. O.
Published: October 2023

Mastopathy, as it is known, is one of the fundamental reasons for the decrease in dairy productivity of cows, sanitary and technological properties of milk, as well as premature culling of animals. The purpose of this study was to present a morphological justification of the risk of mastopathy in cattle. The research was carried out on the basis of the Department of Anatomy and Histology of Animals named after Professor Alexey Filipovich Klimov of the Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MBA named after K. I. Scriabin" and the breeding plant "Povadino" of the Moscow region. The object was Holstein cows. To conduct the study, an experimental group of animals (n=102) was selected from a herd of 1200 heads according to the principle of analogues, taking into account breed, body weight, age, number of lactations, reproduction index, which included clinically healthy animals (n=51, control) and experimental animals (n=51, mastitis). A comprehensive methodological approach was used, including a visual assessment of the state of the somatic systems of the animal body, macroscopic morphometry in order to determine the type of their constitution, the somatotype index and linear indicators of the mammary gland. Based on the conducted studies, anatomical and echographic parallels of the state of the mammary gland in the studied animals were established. In cows with mastitis, an increase in the circumference of the gland in comparison with the control group is accompanied by destructive changes in its excretory system in the form of massive fibrin overlays in the area of milk passages represented by heteroechogenic sites.The results obtained are basic in improving the methods of diagnosis and prevention of breast pathologies in cattle.
Morphological signs of neurogenic inflammation in rat epicardial adipose tissue during aging
Authors: Chumasov E. I. , Petrova E. S. , Korzhevsky D. E.
Published: October 2023

The aim of this work is to study the neuroinflammatory process in the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) of the aorticpulmonary region of the rat heart during aging. The work was performed on Wistar rats aged 18-23 months (n=18). The adipose tissue of the pericardial region of rats was the object of study. Neuroimmunohistochemical markers (9.5 protein, tyrosine hydroxylase, synaptophysin) were used to study EAT innervation. The method of staining with toluidine blue and azure-eosin was used to study inflammation processes. Using histological and immunohistochemical methods, involutive and neurodegenerative changes in parasympathetic and sympathetic postganglionic nerve fibers were revealed in the white and brown adipose tissue of the heart of old rats (18-23 months old). A number of pathological changes were revealed in EAT: fibrosis, dystrophic changes and lysis of white adipocytes, disintegration of varicose axons of the terminal nerve plexus, as well as the formation of focal monocyticlymphoid infiltrates. It has been shown that the axons of the terminal nervous network are in close relationship with immune and inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, plasmablasts, monocyte-macrophage elements, mast cells). The noted morphological features indicate a neurogenic type of immune inflammation in the EAT of the heart. The identified changes may be the cause of chronic disorders of lipid metabolism during aging, leading to the development of pathological processes in the tissues of the main vessels of the aortic-pulmonary region of the heart, and also serve as prognostic indicators for clinical practice.
Characteristics of childbirth in highly productive sows
Authors: Filatov A. V. , Minin A. V.
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this work was to analyze the prevalence of normal and pathological births in highly productive sows and the impact of their course on further reproductive function. The research was carried out in an industrial complex on 260 highly productive Yorkshire Landrace sows of Danish breeding. It was found that in highly productive sows in 32.69% of cases, pathological labor is recorded, including weak contractions and attempts - in 20.0% and manual labor – in 12.69%. With the clinical manifestation of weak labor activity in women in labor and with the provision of manual labor, 16.32% and 15.20% more piglets were received from them than during normal childbirth. At the same time, there is an increase in the duration of labor by 31.09% (p<0.001) and by 43.15% (p< 0.001), respectively. In pathological childbirth, women in labor are observed to breed more stillborn and mummified piglets than in normal childbirth. Providing obstetric care during childbirth increases the risk of developing inflammatory diseases of the uterus and breast in animals in the early postpartum period. The most common postpartum pathology with primary weakness of labor and manual labor is inflammation of the uterine mucosa, and with manual labor it is supplemented by an increase in the number of sick animals with postpartum dysgalactia. In the next reproductive cycle, the sows, in which the physiological course of the birth process and weak contractions and attempts were recorded, had identical reproduction indicators. However, in animals that had a history of primary weakness of labor activity during the last birth, an increase in the unproductive period was recorded. In sows, after manual care, there is a violation and delay in the restoration of sexual cyclicity, a decrease in fertilization.
The effect of the gene of the main fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) on the dairy productivity of Holstein cattle
Authors: Mukhanina E. N. , Safina N. Yu. , Shakirov Sh. K. , Gaynutdinova E. R.
Published: October 2023

The effect of polymorphism of the gene of the basic fibroblast growth factor (SNP11646 A/G) on the milk production of Holstein cows in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan was studied. The DNA of 270 full–aged cows was genotyped by PCR - PDRF. As a result, two FGFA – 0,591 and FGFG – 0,409 alleles were identified; and three FGFAA genotypes – 19,6% (53 goals) and FGFAG – 42,6% (115 goals), FGFGG – 37,8% (102 goals). The highest milk yield for full lactation and for 305 days of lactation, a high coefficient of lactation was noted in individuals with the genotype FGF2AG. The best milk quality indicators (high protein content, fewer somatic cells) were found in animals homozygous for the A allele. All cows have a high stable and smoothly decreasing lactation curve, the coefficient of lactation stability is higher for the GG genotype.
Changes in the microsatellite profile in an experimental herd of Nenets reindeer
Authors: Nikolaev S. V. , Matyukov V. S. , Filatov A. V.
Published: October 2023

The aim of the research is to evaluate changes in the allelic structure of DNA microsatellites in a herd of Nenets reindeer. The work was carried out in the Priuralsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, on an experimental herd of animals belonging to the Yamal experimental station. The allelofund included a microsatellite profile of 300 deer obtained as a result of the 2018 study and 100 animals analyzed in 2022. It was found that significant transformations were observed at all loci, with the exception of NVHRT24. In the microsatellite profile of 2018, there were 6 alleles with a total frequency of 0.298, which were not detected in the 2022 studies. In 2022, 8 alleles with a total frequency of 0.105 not identified in the previous study were established. The Shannon index indicates a slight increase in genetic diversity in the analyzed population (by 0.059), as well as an increase in the observed heterozygosity of animals (by 0.074). The fixation index for all analyzed loci showed that both in the sample of 2018 and 2022, there was a deficit of heterozygotes in the study population, however, the data of 2022 indicate a decrease in the deficit of heterozygotes by 0.089. Analysis of the divergence of the population for individual loci indicates that the maximum divergence of the allelic structure occurred at the RT9 locus (d=0.331), RT30 (d=0.236) and NVHRT76 (d=0.231), and the maximum similarity was preserved for the loci NVHRT24 (d=0.007), RT1 (d=0.0014) and RT7 (d=0.0020). Thus, pronounced gene drift was observed in the studied population.
The effect of low-frequency ultrasound on the functional and morphological state of the retina of rabbits
Authors: Vafiev A. S. , Kontsevaya S. Y. , Aznabaev B. M. , Musina L. A. , Prusakov A. V. , Dibaev T. I.
Published: October 2023

Currently, three groups of scientists are developing the introduction and use of lowfrequency ultrasound in retinal and vitreous surgery. There is not enough data and work to study the effects of this type of energy on the functional activity and structural state of the retina. In this regard, we conducted experimental and diagnostic studies using modern and objective methods. The main purpose of this article is analyzing the parameters of the electroretinogram of the rabbit retina and compare it with histological data after removal of the vitreous body using low-frequency ultrasound and mechanical action. Experiments were conducted on Chinchilla rabbits (n=40). In the experimental group (n=20), vitreous removal was performed using low-frequency ultrasound, in the control group (n=20) using a guillotine mechanism. On the 1st, 7th, 14th and 14th days, the parameters of the a- and b-waves of the electroretinogram were recorded. The structural state of the retina was also evaluated on histological sections. On the 1st day after surgery in both study groups there was a decrease in all parameters of the electroretinogram, the evaluation of histological data showed the presence of edema in most layers of the retina. On days 7 and 14, the parameters of the a- and b-waves were restored, but did not return to normal in both groups, a decrease in edema in all layers of the retina was observed on histological preparations. On day 30, the a- and b-wave indicators returned to normal, which indicates the restoration of the functional properties of photoreceptor cells, bipolar and Muller cells in both groups, the retinal layers were clearly visualized on histological sections without signs of edema. Analysis of electroretinogram parameters and histological data showed that the use of low-frequency ultrasound for vitreous removal can be considered safe and promising for further development.
Heuristic approaches to risk assessment and prognosis of sepsis in dogs
Authors: Laptev S. V. , Pimenov N. V. , Mazanova S. N. , Permyakova K. Yu. , Ivannikova R. F.
Published: October 2023

This study examines approaches to assessing the risk of death and predicting the development of sepsis in dogs. Sepsis remains one of the key clinical problems in medicine and veterinary medicine, due to its widespread prevalence throughout the world, leading to high mortality. Sepsis is based on the reaction of systemic inflammation of the body, which is realized in the presence of signs of SIRS, bacteremia and/or an infectious focus of various nature in combination with acute signs of organ dysfunction and/or evidence of microbial dissemination. Since sepsis develops only progressively, it is impossible for the animal to recover independently without providing it with timely and appropriate medical care. Today, one of the key issues remains improving approaches to assessing the risk of death and predicting the development of sepsis in dogs. An attempt to combine the pathogenicity factors of an infectious agent and the failure of the host’s defense mechanisms is reflected in the concepts of PIRO, SAPS and MODS, which evaluate the links in the etiopathogenesis of sepsis. Thus, heuristic approaches will allow us to come closer to the development of pathogenetically based methods for assessing the risk of death of animals and predicting the development of sepsis in dogs. These approaches are based on criteria for assessing PIRO indicators: predisposition (P), including breed, sex, age of the animal; infection (I) associated with the type of pathogen detected; systemic response of the body to infection R, characterized by the main clinical indicators - body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and the number of leukocytes in the blood; organ dysfunction (O) identified in one or more organs of the animal. An important role in the objective prognosis is given to the evaluation criteria on the SAPS scale, taking into account changes in indicators towards hyperinflammation (SIRS) or immunosuppression (MODS), which determine the stage of development of sepsis and the likelihood of the risk of death of the sick animal. On average, the predictive accuracy of quantifying disease severity systems is 70–85%. An algorithm for translating clinical and laboratory data into a SAPS scale of indicators (scores) that determines the severity of the disease in leptospirosis in dogs is proposed. It has been shown that on the SAPS scale for canine leptospirosis, a score of 29
Dynamics of chicken blood leukogram in experimental staphylococcosis
Authors: Moiseeva A. A. , Skvortsov V. N. , Prisny A. A. , Logvinova S. S. , Gorbaneva A. S.
Published: October 2023

We have studied the impact of experimental staphylococcosis on the leukogram of Hisex Brown chickens. We divided the chicks into 3 groups, Group I assigned as control, Groups II and III – experimental. The chicks were challenged by intraperitoneal injection with Staphylococcus aureus (Group II) and Staphylococcus cohnii (Group III) at a concentration of 3 McFarland. The blood was drawn by cardiac puncture at days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 after the challenge. We studied the leukogram using stained blood smears. In the course of research we observed hematological parameters with lasting changes, which were more pronounced at days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 (in both experimental groups). We also observed an increase in the leukocyte count in the blood of chicks in Groups II and III, and a longterm pseudoeosinophilia along with monocytosis. We marked a decrease in the absolute lymphocyte count in both experimental groups, but the number returned to normal by the end of the experiment. The relative eosinophil count changed mostly in the blood of chicks in Group III, but the changes were insignificant. Basing on the data we have obtained during the experiment; we suggest that St. aureus exerts a toxic effect on the chicken organism in a greater degree than St. cohnii does.
Geographical information systems in epizootological monitoring of parasitic infestations of carnivores with zoonotic potential
Authors: Khramchenkova M. V.
Published: October 2023

Recently, geographic information systems (GIS) have reached a high level of commercialization, wide distribution around the world and are being introduced into various fields of science, including medicine and veterinary medicine in order to visualize geospatial information to improve the quality of epizootological and epidemiological monitoring. A geographic information system is a system that provides the collection, storage, processing, access, display and distribution of spatial data. Us from March 2020 to January 2023 work was carried out to study the frequency of occurrence of toxocariasis in dogs and cats in the city of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region. Based on the results of the study of the helminth fauna of carnivores, as well as veterinary reporting data provided by the City Veterinary Department using the Quantum GIS (QGIS) program, data on the distribution of zoonotic invasion of carnivores were visualized and it was found that toxocariasis in dogs is more often recorded in Moscow (14.3 %), Frunzensky (10.2%), Nevsky (13.05%) Krasnoselsky (6.7%) districts of St. Petersburg and Vsevolozhsky (12.05%) district of the Leningrad region, and in cats - in the Kalininsky district (15 %), Nevsky (12.5%), Moskovsky (8.33%), Krasnoselsky (7.32%) and Admiralteysky (7.03%) districts of St. Petersburg. Thus, with the help of GIS, it is possible not only to systematize the spatial data obtained during research, which simplifies management and work with them, but also to visualize the data obtained in the form of digital maps, which in turn makes it possible to quickly and clearly assess the epizootic situation for a particular disease and as a consequence, improve measures of control and (or) prevention of invasion.
Endoparasitofauna of Altai mountain sheep (Ovis ammon ammon), Siberian mountain goats (Capra sibirica) and small cattle of the Saylyugemsky National Park, Altai Republic
Authors: Chuprak D. I. , Belova L. M. , Kuzhlekov A. O.
Published: October 2023

The theriofaunal list of wild bovids of the South-Eastern Altai includes the Altai mountain sheep (Ovis ammon ammon), as well as the Siberian mountain goat (Capra sibirica). The predominant types of farm animals in the Altai Republic are goats and sheep. Parasite fauna and the interchange between wild bovids and small cattle in these areas is not well understood. Samples were taken by employees of the Sailyugemsky National Park. At the department, V.L. Yakimov, ovoscopic and larvoscopic research methods were carried out. The calculation of the average number of eggs was carried out using a VIGIS counting chamber (VNIIP named after K.I. Skryabin). According to the results obtained, an analysis of cross-invasion was carried out. In wild bovids from 120 samples studied and in small cattle from 31 samples, endoparasites belonging to four large taxonomic groups were found: protists, trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. In wild bovids from the group of nematodes, invasion with eggs of the genus Trichuris was established, according to morphological and morphometric characteristics, eggs of the ascarid type were found, eggs of nematodes of the order Strongylida, the genus Marshallagia, Nematodirella, Nematodirus spp., as well as larvae of the genus Protostrongylus were also found. From the group of trematodes, eggs of the species Hasstilesia ovis, as well as Dicrocoelium sp. From the group of cestodes, eggs of the genus Moniezia sp. From the group of protists, oocysts of the genus Eimeria spp. In small cattle, in contrast to wild bovids, nematodes of the genus Strongyloides sp. The number of cases of detection in small cattle of the nematode of the genus Protostrongylus sp. significantly lower than in wild bovids, and eggs of the strongylid type were more common. Also, no eggs of the trematode of the genus Dicrocoelium sp. Otherwise, the endoparasite fauna was similar to wild bovids. This study will help to compile a complete picture of the parasite fauna and cross-invasion of wild bovids and small cattle.