bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of surrounding rock damage and control technology of a facing-mining excavating roadway in north Shaanxi mining area
Authors: Zhang Li-Xin , Yi Li , Gang Li , Liu Guang-Chao , Deng Ze-Hui , Mi Jia-Le
Published: March 2024

In a coal mine in the northern region of Shaanxi Province, China, a facing-mining excavating roadway exists, which is intended to be retained for subsequent working face safety services. This paper investigates the deformation and damage characteristics of the surrounding rock in different stages using FLAC 3D numerical simulation, taking the facing-mining excavating roadway of this coal mine as the research context. At 20 m ahead of the working face, a discontinuous plastic zone appears in the surrounding rock of the roadway, a phenomenon attributed to the varying hardness of the lithologyand termed 'plastic zone jumping.' The numerical simulation results have been were verified using drill hole peeping. Real-time monitoring of the roadway's stability is conducted on-site, showing that the roadway is significantly affected by mining at the 50 m point ahead of the working face. Based on the numerical simulation and on-site monitoring results, the support strength was increased at 50 m from the working face along the roadway, and a new support scheme was adopted. In the lagging section of the roadway, where mining pressure is strongly evident, differentiated reinforcement using anchor rods, anchor ropes, and W steel belts has been employed, resulting in a satisfactory on-site effect.
Preparation and performance evaluation of a novel temperature-resistant anionic/nonionic surfactant
Authors: Duan Yongwei , Li Yanpeng , Chen Boru , Ai Chi , Wu Jun
Published: March 2024

Aiming at oil extraction from a tight reservoir, the Jilin oil field was selected as the research object of this study. Based on the molecular structures of conventional long-chain alkyl anionic surfactants, a new temperature-resistant anionic/nonionic surfactant (C8P10E5C) was prepared by introducing polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene units into double-chain alcohols. The resulting structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI–MS). Then, based on surface tension, interfacial tension, adsorption resistance, wettability, and emulsification performance tests, the performance of C8P10E5C was evaluated. The FT-IR, ESI–MS, and NMR spectra confirmed that C8P10E5C was successfully prepared. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of C8P10E5C in water was 2.9510 × 10−4 mol/L (the corresponding mass concentration is 0.26%), and the surface tension of the aqueous C8P10E5C solution at this concentration was 30.5728 mN/m. At 0.3% concentration, the contact angle of the C8P10E5C solution was 31.4°, which is 60.75% lower than the initial contact angle. Under high-temperature conditions, C8P10E5C can still reduce the oil–water interfacial tension to 10−2 mN/m, exhibiting good temperature resistance. At 110 °C, upon adsorption to oil sand, the C8P10E5C solution could reduce the oil–water interfacial tension to 0.0276 mN/m, and the interfacial tension can still reach the order of 10−2 mN/m, indicating that C8P10E5C has strong anti-adsorption capability. Additionally, it has good emulsifying performance; upon forming an emulsion with crude oil, the highest drainage rate was only 50%. The forced imbibition oil recovery of C8P10E5C is 65.8%, which is 38.54, 24.22, and 27.25% higher than those of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate, and alkyl ether carboxylate, respectively.
Identification and pathogenicity of Fusarium species associated with wilting and crown rot in almond (Prunus dulcis)
Authors: López-Moral Ana , Antón-Domínguez Begoña Isabel , Lovera María , Arquero Octavio , Trapero Antonio , Agustí-Brisach Carlos
Published: March 2024

Severe Fusarium wilt and crown root symptoms were observed in almond orchards in Portugal. The present study elucidates the etiology of the disease through molecular, phenotypic, and pathogenic characterization. Three Fusarium isolates from Portugal were tested and 12 Fusarium isolates from almond from Spain were included for comparative purposes. Their identity was inferred by phylogenetic analysis combining tef1 and rpb2 sequences. The Portuguese isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporum sensu stricto (s.s.), and the Spanish isolates as Fusarium nirenbergiae, F. oxysporum (s.s.), Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium redolens (s.s.), Fusarium sambucinum (s.s.), and Fusarium sp. Fungal colonies and conidia were characterized on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and on Synthetischer Nährstoffarmer agar, respectively. The colonies had a variable morphology and their color ranged from white to pale violet. Typical Fusarium micro- and macroconidia were characterized. Temperature effect on mycelial growth was evaluated on PDA from 5 to 35 °C, with optimal growth temperature ranging between 16.8 and 26.4 °C. The pathogenicity of F. oxysporum was demonstrated by inoculating almond plants (‘Lauranne’) grafted on GF-677 or Rootpac 20 rootstocks. A significant reduction in plant growth, wilting, and xylem discoloration was observed, with Rootpac 20 being more susceptible than GF-677. Infections were also reproduced using naturally infested soils. Almond plants (‘Lauranne’) were inoculated with isolates of all Fusarium species, with F. redolens from Spain and F. oxysporum from Portugal being the most aggressive.
Mixture effects of trace element levels on cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes risk in adults using G-computation analysis
Authors: Mansouri Borhan , Rezaei Ayoob , Sharafi Kiomars , Azadi Nammamali , Pirsaheb Meghdad , Rezaei Maryam , Nakhaee Samaneh
Published: March 2024

There is an increasing concern about the health effects of exposure to a mixture of pollutants. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between serum levels of heavy/essential metals ([Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), and Zinc (Zn)]) and the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Data were collected from 450 participants (150 with CVDs, 150 with T2D, and 150 healthy subjects) randomly selected from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort in Western Iran, covering the years 2018–2023. Trace element levels in the serum samples were assayed using ICP-MS. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the adjusted risk of exposure to single and multi-metals and CVD/T2D. Odds ratios were adjusted for age, sex, education, residential areas, hypertension, and BMI. The mixture effect of exposure to multi-metals and CVD/T2D was obtained using Quantile G-computation (QGC). In the logistic regression model, chromium, nickel, and zinc levels were associated with CVD, and significant trends were observed for these chemical quartiles (P < 0.001). Arsenic, chromium, and copper levels were also associated with T2D. The weight quartile sum (WQS) index was significantly associated with both CVD (OR 4.17, 95% CI 2.16–7.69) and T2D (OR 11.96, 95% CI 5.65–18.26). Cd, Pb, and Ni were the most heavily weighed chemicals in these models.The Cd had the highest weight among the metals in the CVD model (weighted at 0.78), followed by Hg weighted at 0.197. For T2D, the serum Pb (weighted at 0.32), Ni (weighted at 0.19), Cr (weighted at 0.17), and Cd (weighted at 0.14) were the most weighted in the G-computation model. The results showed the significant role of toxic and essential elements in CVDs and T2D risk. This association may be driven primarily by cadmium and mercury for CVDs and Pb, Ni, Cr, and Cd for T2D, respectively. Prospective studies with higher sample sizes are necessary to confirm or refute our preliminary results as well as to determine other important elements.
Ophthalmologists’ assessment of the handling characteristics of the novel Finesse Reflex Handle in comparison to those of a conventional handle
Authors: Yamamoto Akinari , Miyata Manabu , Tsujikawa Akitaka
Published: March 2024

Internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling requires a delicate handling technique. It is also important that ophthalmologists can use the ILM forceps handle of their preference. This study objectively and subjectively evaluated the handling of the novel Finesse Reflex Handle (Reflex) in comparison with that of a conventional handle. The force required to close the forceps tips, evaluated using a digital force gauge, was significantly lesser for Reflex than for the conventional handle (3.14 ± 0.09 N vs. 3.84 ± 0.06 N, P < 0.001). Twenty-one ophthalmologists with various levels of experience answered a questionnaire after using both handles, and the total questionnaire score for Reflex was higher than that for the conventional handle (35.0 ± 3.7 vs. 30.0 ± 6.9, P = 0.01). Furthermore, the duration of experience as an ophthalmologist was negatively correlated with the vertical motion, assessed by video analysis, for the conventional handle (P = 0.02, r =  − 0.50) but not for Reflex (P = 0.26). In conclusion, objective and subjective analyses revealed that compared with the conventional handle, the novel Reflex handle had more favourable handling characteristics. Most ophthalmologists preferred the handling of Reflex. Reflex may compensate for a lack of surgical experience.
Microphysical properties of atmospheric soot and organic particles: measurements, modeling, and impacts
Authors: Li Weijun , Riemer Nicole , Xu Liang , Wang Yuanyuan , Adachi Kouji , Shi Zongbo , Zhang Daizhou , Zheng Zhonghua , Laskin Alexander
Published: March 2024

Atmospheric soot and organic particles from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning modify Earth’s climate through their interactions with solar radiation and through modifications of cloud properties by acting as cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles. Recent advancements in understanding their individual properties and microscopic composition have led to heightened interest in their microphysical properties. This review article provides an overview of current advanced microscopic measurements and offers insights into future avenues for studying microphysical properties of these particles. To quantify soot morphology and ageing, fractal dimension (Df) is a commonly employed quantitative metric which allows to characterize morphologies of soot aggregates and their modifications in relation to ageing factors like internal mixing state, core-shell structures, phase, and composition heterogeneity. Models have been developed to incorporate Df and mixing diversity metrics of aged soot particles, enabling quantitative assessment of their optical absorption and radiative forcing effects. The microphysical properties of soot and organic particles are complex and they are influenced by particle sources, ageing process, and meteorological conditions. Furthermore, soluble organic particles exhibit diverse forms and can engage in liquid–liquid phase separation with sulfate and nitrate components. Primary carbonaceous particles such as tar balls and soot warrant further attention due to their strong light absorbing properties, presence of toxic organic constituents, and small size, which can impact human health. Future research needs include both atmospheric measurements and modeling approaches, focusing on changes in the mixing structures of soot and organic particle ensembles, their effects on climate dynamics and human health.
Graphene nanomechanical vibrations measured with a phase-coherent software-defined radio
Authors: Zhang Ce , Zhang YuBin , Yang Chen , Lu Heng , Chen FengNan , Yan Ying , Moser Joel
Published: March 2024

Software-defined radios (SDRs) are radio frequency transceivers designed to facilitate digital signal processing through the use of vast libraries of open-source software. Here, we assemble a simple data acquisition system whose architecture, based on SDR, allows us to develop a comprehensive suite of tools to study the vibrations of a few-layer graphene nanomechanical resonator. Namely, we measure the cross-spectrum of vibrations in the frequency domain, we measure their energy decay rate in the time domain, we perform vector measurements of their in-phase and quadrature components, and we control their phase using a time-dependent strain field –all with a single measurement platform. Our approach allows us to tailor our experiments at will and gives us control over every stage of data processing. Overall, our versatile system enables measuring a wide range of nanomechanical properties of graphene by customizing the signal acquisition and replacing some analog electrical circuits, such as filters, mixers, and demodulators, by blocks of code.
Half of twenty-first century global irrigation expansion has been in water-stressed regions
Authors: Mehta Piyush , Siebert Stefan , Kummu Matti , Deng Qinyu , Ali Tariq , Marston Landon , Xie Wei , Davis Kyle Frankel
Published: March 2024

The expansion of irrigated agriculture has increased global crop production but resulted in widespread stress on freshwater resources. Ensuring that increases in irrigated production occur only in places where water is relatively abundant is a key objective of sustainable agriculture and knowledge of how irrigated land has evolved is important for measuring progress towards water sustainability. Yet, a spatially detailed understanding of the evolution of the global area equipped for irrigation (AEI) is missing. In this study, we used the latest subnational irrigation statistics (covering 17,298 administrative units) from various official sources to develop a gridded (5 arcmin resolution) global product of AEI for the years 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. We found that AEI increased by 11% from 2000 (297 Mha) to 2015 (330 Mha), with areas of both substantial expansion, such as northwest India and northeast China, and decline, such as Russia. Combining these outputs with information on green (that is, rainfall) and blue (that is, surface and ground) water stress, we also examined to what extent irrigation has expanded unsustainably in places already experiencing water stress. We found that more than half (52%) of the irrigation expansion has taken place in areas that were already water-stressed in the year 2000, with India alone accounting for 36% of global unsustainable expansion. These findings provide new insights into the evolving patterns of global irrigation with important implications for global water sustainability and food security.
Iron-catalyzed (E)-selective hydrosilylation of alkynes: scope and mechanistic insights
Authors: Sen Anirban , Tewari Tanuja , Kumar Rohit , Vinod C. P. , Sharma Himanshu , Vanka Kumar , Chikkali Samir H.
Published: March 2024

Low-valent Fe-(0) catalyzes the hydrosilylation of alkynes at 60–120 °C, exhibiting a broad substrate scope and tolerating functional groups. Mechanistic investigations, kinetic studies and DFT suggest that the reaction follows a Chalk–Harrod mechanism.
SPOTLIGHT: structure-based prediction and optimization tool for ligand generation on hard-to-drug targets – combining deep reinforcement learning with physics-based de novo drug design
Authors: Sreyas Adury Venkata Sai , Mukherjee Arnab
Published: March 2024

SPOTLIGHT: a method capable of designing a diverse set of novel drug molecules through a combination of rule-based learning and reinforcement learning.
Self-assembled nanomicelles for oral delivery of luteolin utilizing the intestinal lymphatic pathway to target pancreatic cancer
Authors: Karole Archana , Dinakar Yirivinti Hayagreeva , Sagar Poonam , Mudavath Shyam Lal
Published: March 2024

Schematic representation of pathway for the drug loaded nanomicelles through the intestinal lymphatic system.
Reasonable regulation of flexible sulfur-based bifunctional catalytic electrodes for efficient seawater splitting
Authors: Lei Fengjing , Ma Xunwei , Shao Xinyun , Fang Ziyan , Wang Yuqin , Hao Weiju
Published: March 2024

An iron-regulated three-dimensional nano-conical, economical, and flexible Fe-NiS@HA electrode exhibiting high intrinsic activity is prepared by gentle one-step electroless plating for efficient, durable hydrogen production in alkaline seawater.
Enhancing OLED emitter efficiency through increased rigidity
Authors: Godi Mahendra , Kwon Hyukmin , Park Sangwook , Park Sunwoo , Lee Hayoon , Lee Kiho , Park Jongwook
Published: March 2024

Three new blue materials, TPI-InCz, PAI-InCz, and CN-PAI-InCz, have been developed. Among the three materials, CN-PAI-InCz showed the highest external quantum efficiency of 3.31% with fast hole mobility of 1.50 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Facile synthesis of a rod-like Ni/TiO2/C nanocomposite for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Hua Yu , Zhang Xiaomeng , Chen Fulin , Sun Yuantao , Wang Xinyu , Wen Ziliang , Tan Qinghao , Sun Chenxi , Bateer Buhe
Published: March 2024

In this study, we utilized a simple calcination method to prepare a Ni/TiO2/C composite, which was synchronously grown from magnetic, semiconductor, and conductive materials.
Improving the hydrothermal stability of Al-rich Cu-SSZ-13 zeolite via Pr-ion modification
Authors: Chen Mengyang , Zhao Wenru , Wei Yingzhen , Ren Shi-Bin , Chen Yuxiang , Mei Donghai , Han De-Man , Yu Jihong
Published: March 2024

Hydrothermal stability of Al-rich Cu-SSZ-13 is enhanced via secondary-metal-ion (Pr ion) modification by inhibiting transformation of Z2Cu2+ into CuOx during hydrothermal ageing.
Portable microfluidic immunoassay platform for the detection of inflammatory protein biomarkers
Authors: Choi Gihoon , Mangadu Betty B. , Light Yooli K. , Meagher Robert J.
Published: March 2024

A portable microfluidic platform uses a novel programmable magnetic actuation mechanism to process samples for sensitive detection of inflammatory biomarkers.
Valorization of lignin for advanced material applications: a review
Authors: Shorey Rohan , Salaghi Ayyoub , Fatehi Pedram , Mekonnen Tizazu H.
Published: March 2024

A comprehensive overview of various physicochemical modification and functionalization routes of lignin to produce alternative low carbon footprint feedstock for sustainable polymers for advanced material applications is presented.
Quantitative identification of deposited energy in UV-transmitted KDP crystals from perspectives of electronic defects, atomic structure and sub-bandgap disturbance
Authors: Ding Wenyu , Zhao Linjie , Chen Mingjun , Cheng Jian , Yin Zhaoyang , Liu Qi , Chen Guang , Lei Hongqin
Published: March 2024

The laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of ultra-precision machined potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal is always lower than the intrinsic threshold.
A portable fluorescence detection device based on a smartphone employing carbon nanodots for Mn2+ sensing
Authors: Mool-am-kha Pijika , Phetduang Samuch , Ngamdee Kessarin , Surawanitkun Chayada , Ren Xiang-Kui , Ngeontae Wittaya
Published: March 2024

A low-cost, portable, and low-energy consumption fluorescence reader-based smartphone device employing carbon nanodots for detection of Mn2+.
Recent advances in the fabrication, characterization and application of starch-based materials for active food packaging: hydrogels and aerogels
Authors: Zhao Di , Zhang Xinyi , Zhang Yingying , Xu Enbo , Yan Shengkun , Xu Huaide , Li Mei
Published: March 2024

With the increasing awareness of the harmful effects of plastics on the environment, the demand for biodegradable packaging materials is growing.
Ultralow-content Pt nanodots/Ni3Fe nanoparticles: interlayer nanoconfinement synthesis and overall water splitting
Authors: Ni Yajun , Zhang Wei , Li Yaru , Hu Shui , Yan Hong , Xu Sailong
Published: March 2024

An ultralow-content Pt nanodot (0.71 wt%) containing Pt/Ni3Fe/rGO electrocatalyst is constructed via an interlayer nanoconfinement, which exhibits satisfactory electrocatalytic performances for the OER and HER and as an electrolyzer.
Study of ternary deep eutectic solvents to enhance the bending properties of ash wood
Authors: Bai Ruocai , Wang Wenhao , Chen Mengyao , Wu Yan
Published: March 2024

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are considered one of the most promising biomass pretreatment reagents, and their research applications in woody fibrous biomass are increasing yearly.
Enhanced zinc reversibility enabled by zinc–bromide complexation of a quasi-solid electrolyte for high-performance flexible zinc–air batteries
Authors: Chen Zunhong , Jin Junhong , Yang Shenglin , Li Guang , Zhang Jingjing
Published: March 2024

The potassium bromide (KBr) acts as modifier to form Zn–Br complexes with higher solubility in a tough bentonite (BT) reinforced dual network quasi-solid electrolyte for flexible zinc–air batteries with enhanced zinc reversibility and kinetics.
A flexible silver-nanoparticle/polyacrylonitrile biomimetic strain sensor by patterned UV reduction for artificial intelligence flexible electronics
Authors: Lu Jiaxiang , Su Liang , Zhang Zhili , Song Wei , Hu Shuang , Wang Jinbo , Li Xilin , Huang Yiping , He Zhaofeng , Lei Ming , Lin Sen
Published: March 2024

Rapid fabrication of a silver-nanoparticle/polyacrylonitrile based biomimetic strain sensor for artificial intelligence flexible electronics.
Bimetallic and plasmonic Ag and Cu integrated TiO2 thin films for enhanced solar hydrogen production in direct sunlight
Authors: Mani Sunesh S. , Rajendran Sivaraj , Arun Pushkaran S. , Vijaykumar Aparna , Mathew Thomas , Gopinath Chinnakonda S.
Published: March 2024

Plasmonic metal nanoparticle integrated mesoporous TiO2 nanocomposites (Ag/TiO2, Cu/TiO2 and Ag–Cu/TiO2), prepared by a simple chemical reduction method, have been demonstrated to show superior activity in thin-film form for solar H2 generation.
Performance evaluation of handover triggering condition estimation using mobility models in heterogeneous mobile networks
Authors: Malik Asad Ali , Jamshed Muhammad Ali , Nauman Ali , Iqbal Adeel , Shakeel Atif , Hussain Riaz
Published: March 2024

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) refer to the communication network, consisting of different types of nodes connected through communication networks deploying diverse radio access technologies like LTE, Wi‐Fi, Zigbee, and Z‐wave, and using different communication protocols and operating frequencies. Vertical handover, is the process of switching a mobile device from one network type to another, such as from a cellular network to a Wi‐Fi network, and is critical for ensuring a seamless user experience and optimal network performance, within the handover process handover triggering estimation is one of the crucial step affecting the overall performance. A mathematical analysis is presented for the handover triggering estimation. The performance evaluation shows significant improvement in the probability of successful handover using the proposed handover triggering condition based on speed, distance, and different mobility models. The handover triggering condition is optimised based on the speed of the mobile node, handover completion time, and the coverage range of the current and the target networks of the HetNet node, with due consideration of the mobility model.
Reactive power capacity allocation technology of shore‐based power supply system of offshore oil production platform under different network topology reliability measures
Authors: Song Wenle , Wang Lei , Hao Xiangyu , Wan Le , Li Chenyang
Published: March 2024

To improve the economy of offshore oil production platform shore‐based power transmission mode, the reactive power capacity allocation technology of offshore oil production platform shore‐based power supply system based on different network topology reliability measures was proposed. The optimization model of power supply system network topology and the structure model of voltage source converter high voltage direct current transmission system were established, the start and stop control scheme of flexible direct current (DC) transmission system was designed, and the operation parameters of converter station and DC line were monitored in real time. The topological structure of offshore oil production platform shore‐based power supply system is constructed, the mathematical model of flexible DC transmission system is established when the alternating current side voltage is balanced, the reactive power capacity configuration of offshore oil production platform shore‐based power supply system is optimized, and the life cycle cost results are calculated. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can obtain the optimal solution only after 26 calculations, with high optimization efficiency and good convergence effect. Reactive capacity configuration of shore‐based power supply system for offshore production platform can reduce failure rate and life cycle cost.
A computational model for generating multihyperuniform distributions for realistic antenna array and metasurface designs
Authors: Christogeorgos Orestis , Okon Ernest , Hao Yang
Published: March 2024

This paper is aimed at studying the concept of multihyperuniformity and applying it to the design of shared-aperture antenna arrays and multi-bit coding metasurfaces. By formulating the theoretical foundation and essential geometric aspects related to this distribution, we create a computational model capable of generating both single hyperuniform and multihyperuniform distributions. Moreover, we put forward specific convergence acceleration techniques that effectively minimize computational time, particularly when dealing with a substantial number of elements. Considering the shape, size, and corresponding geometric constraints of the elements, we generate patterns suitable for practical designs of antenna arrays, as well as metasurfaces. We present an example of a multihyperuniform shared-aperture antenna array as illustration. Specifically, a penta-band circular patch antenna array operating in the C-band with low sidelobes and high realized gain over five different frequency bands is demonstrated. The computational model is also implemented for the design of a multi-bit coding metasurface with scattering reduction attributes.
Navigating the drought: upstream migration of a small-sized Cypriniformes (Telestes muticellus) in response to drying in a partially intermittent mountain stream
Authors: Schiavon Alfredo , Comoglio Claudio , Candiotto Alessandro , Spairani Michele , Hölker Franz , Tarena Fabio , Watz Johan , Nyqvist Daniel
Published: March 2024

River flow intermittence is a natural phenomenon intensified by human activities, such as water abstraction and the effects of climate change. A growing number of rivers are predicted to experience intermittent flows, which may impact the diversity and abundance of freshwater species. Dry riverbeds directly diminish the availability of habitats for freshwater organisms, and suitable environments can turn into ecological traps with reduced survival rates, posing a significant threat to population persistence. Even though fish movements can enable drought-affected populations to persist, little is known about individual fish movement between intermittent and perennial reaches. Here, we study the movement of individual PIT-tagged Italian riffle dace (Telestes muticellus) in an intermittent and perennial river reach before, during and after two severe drying events. A high proportion of fish from the intermittent reach survived the drying riverbed through directed upstream migration. This was manifested in fish living in the intermittent reach of the river displaying significantly higher linear ranges, and net travelled distances during the monitoring period than fish in the perennial reach, which remained resident with limited linear range and net distances travelled. This finding underscores the importance of conserving longitudinal river connectivity in the face of increased water scarcity and intermittent flow patterns.
(3+1)-Dimensional Gardner Equation Deformed from (1+1)-Dimensional Gardner Equation and its Conservation Laws
Authors: Jin Guiming , Cheng Xueping , Wang Jianan , Zhang Hailiang
Published: March 2024

Through the application of the deformation algorithm, a novel (3+1)-dimensional Gardner equation and its associated Lax pair are derived from the (1+1)-dimensional Gardner equation and its conservation laws. As soon as the (3+1)-dimensional Gardner equation is set to beyorzindependent, the Gardner equations in (2+1)-dimension are also obtained. To seek the exact solutions for these higher dimensional equations, the traveling wave method and the symmetry theory are introduced. Hence, the implicit expressions of traveling wave solutions to the (3+1)-dimensional and (2+1)-dimensional Gardner equations, the Lie point symmetry and the group invariant solutions to the (3+1)-dimensional Gardner equation are well investigated. In particular, after selecting some specific parameters, both the traveling wave solutions and the symmetry reduction solutions of hyperbolic function form are given.
Return compensation strategy of online retailer for online reviews
Authors: Qiu Zu-meng , Li Bang-yi
Published: March 2024

With the development of the Internet, consumers tend to go online shopping. Online reviews have become an important reference for consumers to make purchase decisions, and they contain reliable and rich information about products and needs that influence consumers’ and companies’ decisions. However, consumers are sometimes unable to accurately judge product quality through online reviews, resulting in the quality of the product not meeting the expectations of consumers. Then, consumers sometimes choose to return products and make negative reviews about the product, which can damage the retailer’s interests. To reduce the damage to profits, online retailers have adopted a return compensation policy. In this paper, we establish a two-stage model based on the retailer’s return compensation policy. Meanwhile, considering the effects of customer returns and online reviews, we construct two scenarios with and without return compensation policies to compare the equilibrium results of the game in different scenarios, and to analyze the effects of online reviews and product mismatch on retailers’ profits. The results indicate that: (1) return compensation compensates consumers for the loss of utility due to product mismatch, promotes positive consumer reviews of that product, and leads to an increase in both product sales and total profits. (2) Product mismatch is negatively associated with the number of positive reviews and positively associated with the number of negative reviews in the case where an online retailer offers return compensation.
Manufacturer’s decision-making and coordination strategy in an asymmetric multi-channel environment
Authors: Yang Ge , Wang Conghui , Zhang Min
Published: March 2024

This paper explores the significant impact of e-commerce and investigates manufacturers’ decision-making processes regarding the opening of e-shops and the adoption of online and offline coordination strategies to enhance profits in an e-commerce environment. A novel three-channel model with asymmetric retailers is proposed, and three scenarios are analyzed: the initial dual-channel scenario, the multi-channel scenario with e-platform, and the “Order online, Pickup offline” coordinated scenario. By comparing optimal profits across these scenarios, decision-making inequalities for manufacturers are derived. Subsequently, numerical experiments validate that manufacturers, aiming to maximize profits, opt to establish an e-commerce channel and coordinate with offline retailers. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of e-platforms in setting commission rates to drive increased profits. The findings offer practical implications for manufacturers to engage in interest-balanced coordination, enabling them to adapt to evolving retail dynamics in the advancing e-commerce landscape from both theoretical and practical perspectives.
DC to GHz measurements of a near-ideal 2D material: P+ monolayers
Authors: Levy Antonio , Namboodiri Pradeep , Pomeroy Joshua M. , Wang Xiqiao , Fox Joseph , Silver Richard M. , Zimmerman Neil M.
Published: March 2024

P+ monolayers in Si are of great scientific and technological interest, both intrinsically as a material in the “ideal vacuum” of crystalline Si and because they are showing great promise as qubits of electron and nuclear spin. The GHz complex conductivity σ(ω) can allow one to elucidate basic physical properties and is also important for fast devices, but measuring σ(ω) in 2D materials has not been easy. We report on such measurements, including showing (i) qualitatively a lack of any resonances up to 5 GHz (indicating no energy splittings below about 0.02 meV); and (ii) the quantitatively ideal Drude behavior of this novel material up to 5 GHz, showing a lower bound on the scattering rate of about 2 × 1010 s−1. We also discuss deconvolving the confounding effect of the distributed resistance and capacitance of the monolayer.
Deep learning-enabled probing of irradiation-induced defects in time-series micrographs
Authors: Burns Kory , Tadj Kayvon , Allaparti Tarun , Arias Liliana , Li Nan , Aitkaliyeva Assel , Misra Amit , Scott Mary C. , Hattar Khalid
Published: March 2024

Modeling time-series data with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) requires building a model to learn in batches as opposed to training sequentially. Coupling CNNs with in situ or operando techniques opens the possibility of accurately segmenting dynamic reactions and mass transport phenomena to understand how materials behave under the conditions in which they are used. In this article, in situ ion irradiation transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images are used as inputs into the CNN to assess the defect generation rate, defect cluster density, and saturation of defects. We then use the output segmentation maps to correlate with conventional TEM micrographs to assess the model’s ability to detail nanoscale interactions. Next, we discuss the implications of preprocessing and hyperparameters on model variability, accuracy when expanded to other datasets, and the role of regularization when controlling model variance. Ultimately, we eliminate human bias when extrapolating physical metrics, speed up analysis time, decouple reactions that happen at 100 ms intervals, and deploy models that are both accurate and transferable to similar experiments.
Accurate evaluation method for HRS retention of VCM ReRAM
Authors: Kopperberg N. , Wouters D. J. , Waser R. , Menzel S. , Wiefels S.
Published: March 2024

Long-term retention is one of the major challenges concerning the reliability of redox-based resistive switching random access memories based on the valence change mechanism (VCM). The stability of the programmed state has to be ensured over several years, leaving a sufficient read window between the states, which is even more challenging at large statistics. Thus, the underlying physical mechanisms have to be understood and experimental data have to be evaluated accurately. Here, it shows that the retention behavior of the high resistive state (HRS) is more complex than that of the low resistive state and requires a different evaluation method. In this work, we experimentally investigate the retention behavior of 5M VCM devices via accelerated life testing and show the difficulties of commonly used evaluation methods in view of the HRS. Subsequently, we present a new evaluation method focusing on the standard deviation of the HRS current distribution. Hereby, an activation energy for the degradation process can be extracted, which is essential for the prediction of the devices’ behavior under operating conditions. Furthermore, we reproduce the experimentally observed behavior with our 3D Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation model. We confirm the plausibility of our evaluation method and are able to connect the calculated activation energy to the migration barriers of oxygen vacancies that we implemented in the model and that we believe play a key role in the experimentally observed degradation process.
Parametric study of passive flow enhancement on a magnus VAWT blade using response surface methodology and direct-forcing immersed boundary method
Authors: Suprianto Fandi D. , Chern Ming-Jyh , Wang Chin-Cheng
Published: March 2024

The Magnus vertical axis wind turbine harnesses the principle of the Magnus effect in conjunction with a vertical axis orientation. This mechanism is based on the lift and drag produced by rotating cylinders to propel the rotor and generate power. The proposed method involved installing a flat plate near each rotating cylinder to generate a higher unidirectional torque. As the configuration of the plate affects both the flow pattern and the forces exerted on the blade, the current study aims to identify an optimal blade configuration consisting of a rotating cylinder and a flat plate. A numerical model of the direct-forcing immersed boundary method was used to simulate the flow past a single blade using the static rotor simulation approach, and the Box–Behnken design for the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to find an optimized flat plate arrangement that would produce the highest mean torque coefficient (CT¯). Three design parameters were examined, specifically the length of the plate (L/D), the gap between the plate and the cylinder (g/D), and the plate's shift angle with respect to the cylinder axis (β). The Reynolds number was 5000, and the cylinder spin ratio (α) was 3. The optimum configuration to achieve a maximum CT¯ was identified at L/D=0.53, g/D=0.1, and β=0°. Validating this optimal CT¯ yielded a value of 0.290, indicating an increase in torque of almost 70% compared to the central design. Furthermore, this value corresponds closely to the predicted result obtained through the RSM optimization method. Considering the flow analysis at various positions, it is crucial to emphasize a critical scenario where the potential for countertorque emerges due to excessive drag at ψ=0° and ψ=315°.
Post-annealing in ultra-high vacuum or nitrogen plasma for MoS2 thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Chao Chih , Tsai Ping-Yu , Wu Po-Hung , Hong Ray-Yu , Yu Ing-Song
Published: March 2024

The thin films of amorphous molybdenum disulfide were deposited at room temperature by magnetron sputtering technique. Post-annealing process in ultra-high vacuum (∼10−8 Pa) or nitrogen plasma environments at the temperatures of 300, 400, 500, and 700 °C have been first proposed to enhance the microstructure and optical properties of MoS2 thin films. The phase transformation of MoS2 thin films from amorphous to polycrystalline was characterized by in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction during the post-annealing process. The microstructure of MoS2 thin films was also analyzed by Raman spectrum and X-ray diffractometer after the post-annealing process. In addition, the thermal analysis of the differential scanning calorimeter and optical measurement of photoreflectance confirmed the phase transformation of MoS2 thin films. The analysis of photoreflectance also estimated the exciton transition at the bandgap energy of 2.038 eV at 0 K, attributed by the crystalline MoS2 film annealed at 700 °C in ultra-high vacuum. The surface chemical composition of MoS2 thin films has been identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, but the desulfurization of MoS2 was observed after post-annealing in ultra-high vacuum. Moreover, the preferred orientation of (004) plane in the MoS2 films was performed as the increase in post-annealing temperature.
Spin–orbit exciton–induced phonon chirality in a quantum magnet
Authors: Lujan David , Choe Jeongheon , Chaudhary Swati , Ye Gaihua , Nnokwe Cynthia , Rodriguez-Vega Martin , He Jiaming , Gao Frank Y. , Nunley T. Nathan , Baldini Edoardo , Zhou Jianshi , Fiete Gregory A. , He Rui , Li Xiaoqin
Published: March 2024

The interplay of charge, spin, lattice, and orbital degrees of freedom in correlated materials often leads to rich and exotic properties. Recent studies have brought new perspectives to bosonic collective excitations in correlated materials. For example, inelastic neutron scattering experiments revealed non-trivial band topology for magnons and spin–orbit excitons (SOEs) in a quantum magnet CoTiO
3
(CTO). Here, we report phonon properties resulting from a combination of strong spin–orbit coupling, large crystal field splitting, and trigonal distortion in CTO. Specifically, the interaction between SOEs and phonons endows chirality to two

E
g

phonon modes and leads to large phonon magnetic moments observed in magneto-Raman spectra. The remarkably strong magneto-phononic effect originates from the hybridization of SOEs and phonons due to their close energy proximity. While chiral phonons have been associated with electronic topology in some materials, our work suggests opportunities may arise by exploring chiral phonons coupled to topological bosons.
Indigenous Language Ecologies framework
Authors: Angelo Denise
Published: March 2024

Linguistic research with Indigenous communities over several decades has shown that Indigenous contact languages have a large presence in the contemporary Indigenous landscapes of Australia, but this is not reflected in an equitable presence in policy or programs. Policy has not taken up or responded to the available language research and recommendations, nor is policy reliably informed by solid government language data. As a response to such issues, the Indigenous Language Ecologies framework has been developed. It is designed as a tool to assist policy makers to see and include the needs of contact language-speaking communities. The simple framework differentiates the main configurations of multilingualism in Indigenous communities in Australia today, comparing and contrasting the typical repertoires of speakers of contact languages, of Englishes and of traditional languages. It is intended to function as a useful heuristic and, as such, represents an example of translational research where specialist linguistic knowledge has been distilled for a non-specialist policy audience. The paper lays out the rationale for, and design of, this language ecologies approach, and its impact on policy and research to date.
Gendered subtle bias in Danish TV election debates
Authors: Nielsen Mie Femø
Published: March 2024

Trust in society is related to a perception of fairness and lack of bias. But bias has many faces. This article
presents a conversation analytic study of the initial introduction of the debaters in so-called ‘presidential’ TV debates during
the final stages of the general election campaigns in Denmark. The data represents a rare possibility to compare almost identical
debate contexts: two different elections, but same TV channel, host, presidential debate setup and campaign contexts. The analyses
show how male party leaders were given a chance to construct themselves as experienced, engaged, and hardworking politicians,
while a female party leader was merely positioned with regard to her gender and age and as an underdog meeting a strong opponent.
This allows us to explore how bias is not just about what is actually said and done but also about what could (based on the
comparison) have been said and done.
Low-power infrared laser on survival, proliferation, and reactive oxygen species levels in Escherichia coli cultures
Authors: da Cunha Sales Marisa , de Pontes dos Santos Giovanna , da Silva Ferreira Ana Caroline , Mencalha Andre Luiz , de Souza da Fonseca Adenilson
Published: March 2024

Laser devices are light sources that emit monochromatic, coherent, and collimated electromagnetic radiation beams. Low-power lasers are widely used to treat clinical conditions based on the photobiomodulation effect. Despite therapeutic applications, mainly in continuous waves, limited data are available on photobiomodulation effects induced by low-power lasers in the pulsed emission mode. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a low-power pulsed infrared laser on survival, proliferation, DNA damage, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in Escherichia coli cells. E. coli C600 cultures and pUC19 plasmids were exposed to a low-power pulsed (5000 Hz) infrared (904 nm) laser (1.1, 2.3, and 4.6 J). Bacterial survival was evaluated by survival fractions, bacterial proliferation was evaluated by measurement of bacterial colony areas, DNA damage was evaluated by plasmid profiling in agarose gels after electrophoresis, and ROS level was evaluated by flow cytometry. The results suggest that exposure to a low-power infrared laser in pulsed emission mode does not alter the proliferation of E. coli C600 and the electrophoretic profile of bacterial plasmids but decreases survival and increases ROS levels in E. coli C600 cultures.
The size and composition of residual emissions in integrated assessment scenarios at net-zero CO2
Authors: Lamb William F
Published: March 2024

Residual emissions are an important category of analysis in climate targets and scenarios, describing the emissions that would need to be compensated by carbon dioxide removal to reach net zero CO2. This article sheds light on the size and composition of residual emissions in integrated assessment modelling (IAM) scenarios at net-zero CO2, using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 6th assessment report (AR6) scenario database. I find that IAMs depict residual greenhouse gas emissions levels of 16 [12–26] GtCO2e/yr across below 1.5 °C, below 1.5 °C with overshoot, and below 2 °C scenarios—representing gross emissions reductions of 72 [55–78] % from 2020 to the point of net zero CO2. Emissions from livestock, agriculture, transport, waste and industrial processes remain most prevalent at net zero, with scenario averages tending to depict significantly lower reduction rates and higher residual emissions than those recently published in corporate net zero standards. Nonetheless, scenarios depict a wide range of outcomes across all of these ‘hard-to-abate’ sectors, with lower values characterised by demand-side shifts in the food and energy system, alongside the rapid electrification of end-use sectors and limits on CDR scaling. Current scenario reporting does not easily facilitate the calculation of gross emissions from the AR6 database, which would be a prerequisite to a more systematic exploration of the residual emissions frontier and its implications for climate policy.
A delay analogue of the box and ball system arising from the ultra-discretization of the delay discrete Lotka–Volterra equation
Authors: Nakata Kenta , Negishi Kanta , Matsuoka Hiroshi , Maruno Ken-ichi
Published: March 2024

A delay analogue of the box and ball system (BBS) is presented. This new soliton cellular automaton is constructed by the ultra-discretization of the delay discrete Lotka–Volterra equation, which is an integrable delay analogue of the discrete Lotka–Volterra equation. Soliton patterns generated by this delay BBS are classified into normal solitons and abnormal solitons. Normal solitons have a clear relationship to the solitons of the BBS with K kinds of balls. On the other hand, abnormal solitons show various types of novel soliton patterns, which have not been observed in almost all known BBSs. We obtain them by numerical experiments, and then construct τ-functions of them analytically in 1-soliton cases.