bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN EVALUATION ON THE POLICIES ON PUBLIC HEALTH WORKERS AS HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Muswandar Muswandar , Junadi Purnawan
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Law No. 36 of 2014 is a comprehensive law for health professionals. In that regulation, all health graduates that wish to practice their trade must have a letter of registration (STR). That policy also separated environmental health from public health. This was the reason why we decided to evaluate the policy that is related to public health professionals. This evaluation was a retrospective analysis that used in-depth interviews and literary research, respectively as primary and secondary data. From this research we discovered that public health graduates is has their own profession. And to obtain the right to practice their trade, they must pass the competence standard test. However, according to other regulations, only vocational or professional education graduates can participate in the test. Since there currently are no professional education institutions available for public health professionals, Minister of Health Regulation No. 41/2013 takes over. According to this law, all public health graduates will be provided an STR until there is a professional education institution. We also discovered that environmental health should NOT be separated from public health, since it is a large part of it. And therefore, the law must be amended. Abstrak. Undang-undang (UU) No. 36 Tahun 2014 mengatur tenaga kesehatan secara komprehensif. Dalam UU tersebut, semua tenaga kesehatan yang berpraktek wajib memiliki surat tanda registrasi (STR). Kebijakan juga telah memisahkan kesehatan lingkungan dari kesehatan masyarakat (kesmas). Oleh karena itu peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan evaluasi kebijakan khususnya terhadap konten kebijakan yang berhubungan dengan tenaga kesmas. Evaluasi isi kebijakan ini dilakukan dengan analisis retrospektif yang menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan telaah literatur sebagai data primer dan sekunder. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa tenaga kesehatan masyarakat layak disebut sebagai sebuah profesi. Untuk mendapatkan STR, tenaga kesmas harus lulus ujian kompetensi. Tetapi, menurut peraturan yang berlaku, yang dapat mengikuti ujian kompetensi adalah lulusan pendidikan vokasi atau profesi. Namun, karena belum adanya pendidikan profesi untuk tenaga kesmas, maka untuk sementara Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 41 Tahun 2013 digunakan sebagai solusi. Dimana semua lulusan institusi kesmas akan mendapatkan STR hingga terdapat institusi pendidikan yang menyelenggarakan pendidikan profesi. Selain itu ditemukan bahwa kesling sebenarnya merupakan bagian yang penting dari kesmas, baik dalam literatur maupun pendapat para ahli. Sehingga sebaiknya dilakukan revisi atau amandemen untuk UU tersebut.
AN ANALYSIS ON NON-SPECIALIST OUTPATIENT REFERRALS AT BEJI AND DEPOK JAYA HEALTH CENTERS IN 2018
Authors: Pertiwi Tasya Caesarena , Masyitoh Masyitoh
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The Health Social Security Agency (BPJS kesehatan) is one of the government’s efforts to provide quality healthcare for the people. To guarantee its quality and maintain efficiency, a tiered referral system is used. However, there were many problems in its implementation. One of the ways to investigate is to evaluate the non-specialist outpatient referrals (RRNS). Therefore, in March-July 2018, this research was performed in order to analyze whether the system was implemented at Beji and Depok Jaya Health Center. The method used was the qualitative research method, with primary data from in-depth interviews and secondary data from documents. It was discovered that both Centers had optimal RRNS ratios (0%). This was because the doctors at both Centers has provided referrals as indicated and there was feedback on the RRNS total. The civil servant (PNS) doctors at both centers were experienced and skillful, but the number of doctors was insufficient compared to their workload. The non-PNS doctors also were not sufficiently trained. Other problems include insufficient equipment and medication provision. Abstrak. Badan penyelenggara jaminan sosial (BPJS) kesehatan adalah salah satu upaya pemerintah untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang bermutu bagi rakyatnya. Untuk menjamin kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan sekaligus menjaga efisiensi, maka diterapkan sistem rujukan berjenjang. Tetapi ini mengalami berbagai permasalahan dalam penerapannya. Untuk melihat apa permasalahannya dapat dilihat dari rasio rujukan rawat jalan non-spesialistik (RRNS). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk menganalisis apakah sistem tersebut berjalan di Puskesmas Beji dan Puskesmas Depok Jaya pada bulan Maret-Juli 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan data primer berupa wawancara mendalam dan data sekunder berupa telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Puskesmas Beji dan Puskesmas Depok Jaya memiliki rasio RRNS yang optimal (0%). Hal ini disebabkan karena dokter di kedua puskesmas memberikan rujukan sesuai indikasi dan terdapat feedback mengenai capaian RRNS. Selain itu, dokter PNS di Puskesmas Beji dan Puskesmas Depok Jaya merupakan dokter yang cukup berpengalaman dan terampil, walaupun jumlah dokter di kedua Puskesmas tidak sesuai dengan beban kerjanya. Dokter non PNS juga belum menerima pelatihan yang memadai. Selain itu, peralatan yang tersedia masih kurang lengkap. Obat di kedua puskesmas cukup lengkap namun terkadang terjadi kekosongan obat.
P
olaribacter
Authors: Bowman John P.
Published: November 2018

Po.la.ri.bac'ter. N.L. masc. adj.
polaris
(from L. masc. n.
polus
) polar; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
a rod; N.L. masc. n.
Polaribacter
rod‐shaped bacterium from a polar region.

Bacteroidetes / Flavobacteriia / Flavobacteriales / Flavobacteriaceae / Polaribacter

Gram‐negative, aerobic, ovoid to rod‐shaped cells. Older cultures may contain cells that develop a coccoidal morphology. Some species may include filamentous cells or curved and coiled cells. Reproduce by normal cell division. Most species are nonmotile. Do not form spores. Form yellow to orange carotenoid pigments and do not form flexirubin pigments. Chemoheterotrophic. Oxidase‐ and catalase‐positive. Capable of growth on a range of carbohydrates and some amino acids and organic acids. Species are mostly psychrotolerant, some are psychrophilic or mesophilic. Neutrophilic. Halophilic and stenohaline requiring either Na
+
or Mg
2+
ions or both. The major fatty acids are C
15:1
ω6
c
, iso‐C
15:1
G, iso‐C
15:0
3‐OH, and summed feature 3 (C
16:1
ω7
c
and/or iso‐C
15:0
2‐OH). The major quinone is MK‐6. Members of the phylum
Bacteroidetes
, class
Flavobacteriia
, order
Flavobacteriales
, family
Flavobacteriaceae
. Known habitats are marine and saline environments including seawater, surface sediments, marine fauna and flora, sea ice, and polar saline lakes.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 28.6–36.4 (
T
m
, HPLC or genome).

Type species
:
Polaribacter filamentus
Gosink, Woese and Staley 1998, 232
VP
.
H
alogeometricum
Authors: Oren Aharon , Montalvo‐Rodríguez Rafael
Published: November 2018

Ha.lo.ge.o.me'tri.cum
. Gr. n.
hals, halos
salt; L. neut. adj.
geometricum
geometrical; N.L. neut. n.
Halogeometricum
salty geometrical shape.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Haloferacales / Haloferacaceae / Halogeometricum

The genus
Halogeometricum
, classified within the family
Haloferacaceae
, order
Haloferacales
in the class
Halobacteria
, consists of more or less red‐pigmented pleomorphic rods or cocci that may grow as sarcina‐like clusters. Cells stain Gram‐negative and lyse in distilled water. Motility is variable. Isolates of
Halogeometricum
have been obtained from solar salterns, saline springs, and other hypersaline environments. They are aerobic heterotrophs that grow on a wide range of substrates, including single and complex carbon sources. Acids may be produced from carbohydrates. Polar lipids are diphytanyl diether derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol, the methyl ester of phosphatidylglycerol phosphate, and glycolipids chromatographically identical to the diglycosyl diether lipid DGD‐1 and its sulfated derivative S‐DGD‐1. Additional glycolipids such as S
2
‐DGD may also be present. Phosphatidylglycerol sulfate was not detected. Four species have been described:
Halogeometricum borinquense
,
Halogeometricum limi
,
Halogeometricum pallidum
, and
Halogeometricum rufum
, and these include two species originally classified in the genus
Halosarcina
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 59.1–65.4.

Type species
:
Halogeometricum borinquense
Montalvo‐Rodríguez, Vreeland, Oren, Kessel, Betancourt and López‐Garriga 1998, 1310
VP
.
Influence of Tool Traverse Speed on Structure, Mechanical Properties, Fracture Behavior, and Weld Corrosion of Friction Stir Welded Joints of Aluminum and Stainless Steel
Authors: Murugan Balamagendiravarman , Thirunavukarasu Gopinath , Kundu Sukumar , Kailas Satish V.
Published: November 2018

Herein, the effect of traverse speed on friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum (Al) and stainless steel (SS 304) plates is studied. The microstructure of the joint sample is examined using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The intermetallic compound detected at the interface of friction stir welded (FSWed) joint is Al3Fe. X‐ray diffraction results reveal the formation of intermetallic compound like Al3Fe, Al5Fe2, AlFe, and Al13Fe4. Tensile results show that with the increase in tool traverse speed, the tensile strength increases to reach a maximum value and then decreases. The maximum tensile strength achieved is ≈75% of Al base metal at tool traverse speed of 75 mm min−1. Maximum hardness is observed at the Al|SS‐304 interfaces due to the presence of intermetallics. Interfacial hardness for slower tool traverse speed is higher when compared to higher traverse speed. The electrochemical behavior of the FSWed joint is measured using potentiodynamic polarization test so as to understand the corrosion failures of the FSWed joints. FSWed samples at higher traverse speed shows inferior corrosion resistance when compared to the slower traverse speed.
Gels without Vapor Pressure: Soft, Nonaqueous, and Solvent‐Free Supramolecular Biomaterials for Prospective Parenteral Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Tabet Anthony , Wang Chun
Published: November 2018

The engineering advantages of soft, nonaqueous, solvent‐free supramolecular materials have resulted in their emerging transition and adoption from a predominantly food, cosmetics, and paint industry‐driven technology to biocompatible matrices for parenteral drug delivery. Factors that have contributed to this trend are the drastic increase of hydrophobic and combination drugs in the pharmaceutical pipeline and the limitations of hydrated drug delivery materials with regard to poorly soluble drugs and biologics. This review highlights examples of nonaqueous, soft supramolecular materials, illustrates molecular engineering principles that may give rise to novel structures and unique properties, and explores emerging opportunities of application of these materials in parenteral drug delivery.
Modeling of the variations of permeate flux, concentration polarization, and solute rejection in nanofiltration system
Authors: Zhang Yaqin , Zhang Lin , Hou Lian , Kuang Shibo , Yu Aibing
Published: November 2018

A numerical model is presented and experimentally validated for predicting the local concentration polarization and the related separation performance of nanofiltration (NF) system. The model combines computational fluid dynamics for describing the transport phenomena in NF channel, with Spiegler‐Kedem‐Katchalsky model for considering the permeation properties through NF membrane. Particular attention is given to the modeling of spatially varied solute rejection and solute transport through membrane, representing essential distinctions from the modeling of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. Also, an experimental‐numerical framework is proposed to determine model parameters related to solute transport, including reflection coefficient and solute permeability as functions of feed solute concentration. The usefulness of this model is highlighted by predicting concentration polarization under different conditions related to operations, membrane systems (NF vs. RO), and solute types (NaCl vs. MgSO4). Also, the contributions by convection and diffusion to solute transport are clarified, benefiting by the modeling of solute transport. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 1076–1087, 2019
Ein hochaktives, Ylid‐funktionalisiertes Phosphan für die palladiumkatalysierte Aminierung von Arylchloriden
Authors: Weber Philip , Scherpf Thorsten , Rodstein Ilja , Lichte Dominik , Scharf Lennart T. , Gooßen Lukas J. , Gessner Viktoria H.
Published: November 2018

Ylid‐funktionalisierte Phosphanliganden (YPhos) wurden entwickelt, um den Voraussetzungen einer Buchwald‐Hartwig‐Aminierung bei Raumtemperatur zu genügen. Diese Ligandenklasse kombiniert ein besonders hohes Elektronendonorvermögen, vergleichbar mit dem von NHC‐Liganden, mit hohem sterischem Anspruch ähnlich jenem von Biarylphosphanen. Die aktiven Pd‐Spezies sind dabei über agostische C‐H⋅⋅⋅Pd‐ und nicht über Pd‐Aren‐Wechselwirkungen stabilisiert. Der praktische Vorteil dieser YPhos‐Liganden liegt insbesondere in deren einfacher und skalierbarer Synthese ausgehend von leicht zugänglichen sowie günstigen Startmaterialien. Benchmark‐Untersuchungen zeigten, dass YPhos‐Pd‐Komplexe den üblicherweise verwendeten Phosphanliganden in Aminierungen von Arylchloriden bei Raumtemperatur überlegen sind. Der enorme Nutzen dieses Katalysatorsystems konnte durch die Synthese zahlreicher Arylamine in sehr guten Ausbeuten bei geringer Reaktionszeit aufgezeigt werden.
Digging into the Sequential Space of Thiolactone Precision Polymers: A Combinatorial Strategy to Identify Functional Domains
Authors: Celasun Sensu , Remmler Dario , Schwaar Timm , Weller Michael G. , Du Prez Filip , Börner Hans G.
Published: November 2018

Functional sequences of precision polymers based on thiolactone/Michael chemistry are identified from a large one‐bead one‐compound library. Single‐bead readout by MALDI‐TOF MS/MS identifies sequences that host m‐THPC that is a second generation photo‐sensitizer drug. The corresponding Tla/Michael‐PEG conjugates make m‐THPC available in solution and drug payload as well as drug release kinetics can be fine‐tuned by the precision segment.
Dual Gold‐Catalyzed Cycloaromatization of Unconjugated (E)‐Enediynes
Authors: Zamani Farzad , Babaahmadi Rasool , Yates Brian F. , Gardiner Michael G. , Ariafard Alireza , Pyne Stephen G. , Hyland Christopher J. T.
Published: November 2018

A synthesis of unconjugated (E)‐enediynes from allenyl amino alcohols is reported and their gold‐catalyzed cascade cycloaromatization to a broad range of enantioenriched substituted isoindolinones has been developed. Experimental and computational studies support the reaction proceeding via a dual‐gold σ,π‐activation mode, involving a key gold‐vinylidene‐ and allenyl‐gold‐containing intermediate.
Application of ultra‐rapid qPCR and DNA chips for viral RNA detection and confirmation
Authors: Kim Jung‐Min , Cho Kyoungjoo , Yoon Byoung‐Su
Published: November 2018

The rapid and accurate detection of the presence of microorganisms, such as viruses, has been an important issue in the fields of public health, as well as agriculture. A PCR‐based detection method has been developed and applied in these fields to determine the presence of specific pathogens. Although the major advantage of real‐time PCR is the monitoring of amplification and ability to quantify the template genes, the method described here should solve the problem of nonspecific product synthesis. We obtained viral RNA from infected samples by freezing and thawing; we rapidly synthesized cDNA from RNA, and then amplified the cDNA by rapid PCR in 10 Min. Finally, the PCR products were hybridized and quickly confirmed to be the target analyte on a DNA chip. Our newly proposed methods overcome the drawbacks of PCR‐based detection and provide three additional advantages, namely, rapidly obtaining large amounts of RNA from samples, quickly detecting infective or pathogenic genes, and speedily confirming the detected exogenous genes. This application might be useful for detecting viral RNA and for the diagnosis of RNA virus‐mediated diseases.
Mechanisms of unprimed and dexamethasone‐primed nonviral gene delivery to human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Hamann Andrew , Broad Kelly , Nguyen Albert , Pannier Angela K.
Published: November 2018

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are under intense study for applications of cell and gene therapeutics because of their unique immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Safe and efficient genetic modification of hMSCs could increase their clinical potential by allowing functional expression of therapeutic transgenes or control over behavior and differentiation. Viral gene delivery is efficient, but suffers from safety issues, while nonviral methods are safe, but highly inefficient, especially in hMSCs. Our lab previously demonstrated that priming cells before delivery of DNA complexes with dexamethasone (DEX), an anti‐inflammatory glucocorticoid drug, significantly increases hMSC transfection success. This work systematically investigates the mechanisms of hMSC transfection and DEX‐mediated enhancement of transfection. Our results show that hMSC transfection and its enhancement by DEX are decreased by inhibiting classical intracellular transport and nuclear import pathways, but DEX transfection priming does not increase cellular or nuclear internalization of plasmid DNA (pDNA). We also show that hMSC transgene expression is largely affected by pDNA promoter and enhancer sequence changes, but DEX‐mediated enhancement of transfection is unaffected by any pDNA sequence changes. Furthermore, DEX‐mediated transfection enhancement is not the result of increased transgene messenger RNA transcription or stability. However, DEX‐priming increases total protein synthesis by preventing hMSC apoptosis induced by transfection, resulting in increased translation of transgenic protein. DEX may also promote further enhancement of transgenic reporter enzyme activity by other downstream mechanisms. Mechanistic studies of nonviral gene delivery will inform future rationally designed technologies for safe and efficient genetic modification of clinically relevant cell types.
Design and Synthesis of Fluorinated and/or Hydroxylated 2‐Arylidene‐1‐indanone Derivatives as an Inhibitor of LPS‐stimulated ROS Production in RAW 264.7 Macrophages with Structure–Activity Relationship Study
Authors: Katila Pramila , Shrestha Aastha , Shrestha Aarajana , Shrestha Ritina , Park Pil‐Hoon , Lee Eung‐Seok
Published: November 2018

A new series of thirty‐two fluorinated and/or hydroxylated 2‐arylidene‐1‐indanone derivatives were systematically designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against LPS‐stimulated ROS production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. 5/6‐Fluoro‐1‐indanone or 4‐, 5‐, 6‐, or 7‐hydroxyindanone moiety along with ortho‐, meta‐, or para‐hydroxyphenyl, furanyl or thiophenyl moiety was prepared and evaluated. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 11 possessing 6‐hydroxy‐1‐indanone moiety along with 5‐chlorothiophenyl moiety was found to have the most potent inhibitory effect on the production of ROS in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages with an IC50 value of 3.29 μM.
Urinary symptoms are correlated with quality of life after deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuya , Uchiyama Tomoyuki , Asahina Masato , Yamanaka Yoshitaka , Hirano Shigeki , Higuchi Yoshinori , Kuwabara Satoshi
Published: November 2018

Aims

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is known to dramatically improve motor complications in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but its effect on urinary symptoms and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) remains unknown. We aimed to examine the relationship between urinary symptoms and HRQOL in patients with PD who underwent DBS.

Methods

The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) were determined to evaluate urinary symptoms in patients with PD who underwent DBS. Postoperative evaluations were performed at 3 months, 1 year, and 3 years postoperatively. We also performed a urodynamic study (UDS) in 13 patients with PD preoperatively and postoperatively. A follow‐up UDS was performed 2.0 ± 0.5 years postoperatively.

Results

The preoperative urinary symptoms questionnaire was completed by 28 patients, of whom 14 completed the postoperative urinary symptoms questionnaire after 3 months, 18 after 1 year, and 10 after 3 years. The mean OABSS and IPSS did not change significantly at any follow‐up periods postoperatively. When assessing the relationship between urinary symptoms and HRQOL and motor functions, the OABSS and IPSS showed significant positive correlations with HRQOL at 3 months postoperatively. The OABSS and IPSS showed significant positive correlations with activities of daily living (ADL) during the off‐phase at 3 years postoperatively. All urodynamic parameters remained unchanged postoperatively.

Conclusions

Deep brain stimulation did not significantly affect urinary dysfunctions in patients with PD. Urinary symptoms might partially contribute to HRQOL at 3 months postoperatively and ADL during the off‐phase at 3 years postoperatively.
Variability in Child Protection Medical Evaluations of Suspected Physical Abuse in Four European Countries: A Vignette Study
Authors: Naughton Aideen , Nurmatov Ulugbek , Hoytema Van Konijnenburg Eva , Watkins W. John , Otterman Gabriel , Nelson Joanne , Kemp Alison
Published: November 2018

When suspicions of physical abuse arise, children are referred for a child protection medical evaluation, which occurs in a variety of health settings by a variety of clinicians. This comparative vignette survey was performed among a cross‐section of medical professionals engaged in child protection in Sweden, Ireland, the UK and the Netherlands between April and July 2016. Three vignettes describing different probabilities of physical abuse were included. Components of child protection medical evaluations across the four countries were analysed.

A total of 236 physicians responded (113 UK, 49 the Netherlands, 39 Sweden, 35 Ireland). Of these, 62 per cent were female (there were more females in the UK, Sweden and the Netherlands). More variation in practice than similarities was found. Similarities: experience level, confidence level and management approach (vignettes 1 and 3). Cross‐country differences: decision to investigate, adherence to national guidelines, experience versus specialism and subsequent management post‐assessment. These findings suggest the need for further exploration of practice between countries including specific and regular training, availability of support for non‐specialists and use of national and international clinical guidelines to promote best practice and reduce variation. More consideration of the human and financial cost to the healthcare system of unnecessary investigations and the length of hospital admission may be warranted.

Key Practitioner Messages

There is a lack of uniformity in the clinical management of physical abuse between these four European countries.

Specific and regular training included in professional development plans and discussed at appraisal will promote clinician confidence in assessments.

Expert support should be easily available to non‐specialists undertaking these assessments.

National and local clinical guidelines are important tools in promoting best practice and reducing variation across and within countries.
Child Maltreatment and Illicit Substance Abuse: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Halpern Silvia Chwartzmann , Schuch Felipe Barreto , Scherer Juliana Nichterwitz , Sordi Anne Orgler , Pachado Mayra , Dalbosco Carla , Fara Letícia , Pechansky Flavio , Kessler Felix , Von Diemen Lisia
Published: November 2018

This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to different types of child maltreatment (CM) and the development of substance use disorders (SUDs) later in life. A systematic review was conducted: the PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases were searched for relevant papers and ten studies were identified for further analysis. Random effects meta‐analyses were performed for each type of maltreatment in order to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for SUD incidence, and meta‐regressions were performed to explore potential moderators. Individuals with a history of physical abuse during childhood had a 74 per cent increased risk for drug abuse later in life (OR = 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.362.18). The risk for drug abuse was also 73 per cent higher in individuals with a history of sexual abuse during childhood (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.242.41). A meta‐regression found that gender has a moderating effect, with women at a greater risk of SUD incidence compared to men. Exposure to CM, such as physical and sexual abuse in childhood, increases the risk of further substance abuse. Understanding the interplay between the different factors associated with violence and abuse of psychoactive substances is of fundamental importance in designing prevention approaches and interventions for drug users.

‘Investigate[s] the association between exposure to different types of child maltreatment and the development of substance use disorders later in life ’

Key Practitioner Messages

Child exposure to violence was associated with the development of substance use disorder.

Exposure to violence affects men and women in a gender‐dependent manner, with females being at a higher risk.

Understanding the interplay between the different factors associated with violence and drug abuse is of fundamental importance to design prevention approaches and interventions.

Drug users have higher rates of child maltreatment and psychological suffering compared to the general population.
Aromatic Plants from Plateau des Cataractes: Occurrence of the Citronella Chemotype of Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) W.Watson Acclimatized in Congo‐Brazzaville
Authors: Silou Thomas , Nsikabaka Samuel , Nombault Nienzy Jayneureuse P. , Baou Andeouene , Biassala Thérèse Eliane , Figuérédo Gilles , Chalchat Jean‐Claude
Published: November 2018

Cymbopogon flexuosus var. flexuosus (citral chemotype) was introduced in a local plantation in 2006 at Plateau des Cataractes, Congo‐Brazzaville to remedy the difficult adaptation and low production of essential oil of C. citratus, a source of citral. After some 10 years of acclimatization, C. flexuosus had adapted perfectly with a very high biomass and essential oil production. A citronella chemotype (Cymbopogon flexuosus var. albescens) was unexpectedly identified among lemongrass in the field, grown in a local experimental citronella plot covering 0.25 ha. Its essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS to determine its chemotype. The citronella chemotype indicated by the chemical profile found was confirmed by descriptive statistics (radar plot) and by principal component analysis (PCA) and ascending hierarchical clustering (AHC).
A new simple tool to manage the no reflow phenomenon
Authors: Satler Lowell
Published: November 2018

Key Points

The management of no reflow post PCI remains a challenge.

A novel modification of a standard balloon catheter allows the distal delivery of pharmacology.

A variety of intracoronary drugs may be effective in restoring flow.
Stent “Hygiene”
Authors: Jovin Ion S. , Vetrovec George W.
Published: November 2018

Key Points

Studies demonstrate ideal Stent expansion with prolonged inflations.

Longer inflations, a mediator of greater stent expansion, lower immediate, subacute, and late stent failure.

Research should focus on components of stent deployment that optimize early and late stent outcomes.
Heparin for diagnostic trans‐radial catheterization: Can we have some randomized data?
Authors: Golwala Harsh , Cigarroa Joaquin E.
Published: November 2018

Key Points

Marked heterogeneity exists regarding the dose, time and route of administration of unfractionated heparin for diagnostic trans‐radial procedures.

In an era of smaller caliber hydrophilic radial sheaths, patent hemostasis technique, and shorter compression times, the utility of heparin to prevent radial artery occlusion remains a question.

A randomized clinical trial assessing the utility, timing, dose, and route of administration of unfractionated heparin for diagnostic radial catheterization with an aim to prevent radial artery occlusion is needed.
Paravalvular leak after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Avoid it or treat it if you can!
Authors: Kumar Arnav , Block Peter C.
Published: November 2018

Key Points

Paravalvular leaks (PVL) were more severe and frequent with medtronic core valves (MCV) when compared with Edward Sapien valves (ESV) immediately after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Severity and frequency of PVL improved in MCV overtime, but not in ESV.

The decrease in frequency of PVL in MCV valves was earlier and more robust in the area surrounding the commissure between noncoronary cusp (NCC) to right coronary cusp (RCC) compared with other areas. Such preferential reduction of PVL was not seen in ESV.
Enzymatic Late‐Stage Oxidation of Lead Compounds with Solubilizing Biomimetic Docking/Protecting groups
Authors: Vickers Clare , Backfisch Gisela , Oellien Frank , Piel Isabel , Lange Udo E. W.
Published: November 2018

Late‐stage functionalization of lead compounds is of high interest in drug discovery since it offers an easy access to metabolites and derivatives of a lead compound without the need to redesign an often long multistep synthesis. Owing to their high degree of chemoselectivity, biocatalytic transformations, enzymatic oxidations in particular, are potentially very powerful because they could allow the synthesis of less lipophilic derivatives of a lead compound. In the majority of cases, enzymatic oxidations have been used in an empirical way as their regioselectivity is difficult to predict. In this publication, the concept of using docking/protecting groups in a biomimetic fashion was investigated, which could help steer the regioselectivity of a P450BM3‐mediated oxidation. A novel set of docking/protecting groups was designed that can be cleaved under very mild conditions and address the often problematic aqueous solubility of the substrates. Vabicaserin was used as tool compound containing typical groups such as basic, aliphatic, and aromatic moieties. The results were rationalized with the help of in silico docking and molecular dynamic studies.
A Germacalicene: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity
Authors: Dong Zhaowen , Albers Lena , Schmidtmann Marc , Müller Thomas
Published: November 2018

The synthesis of the germacalicene 7 from the reaction of the dipotassium germole dianion K2[6] with 1,2‐bis‐diisopropylamino‐3‐chlorocyclopropenyl perchlorate is reported. Based on the crystal structure analysis and the results of DFT calculations, the germacalicene 7 can be viewed as a cyclopropenium germacyclopentadienide ylide that is isoelectronic to α‐cationic phosphanes. First reactivity studies revealed its nucleophilic character and resulted in the isolation of the air‐ and moisture‐stable carbonyl iron complex 15 and the cationic silver complex 20. One‐electron oxidation of the germacalicene 7 was achieved by its reaction with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] and the bis‐cationic Ge−Ge‐bonded dimer 22 was isolated.
Cu‐Catalyzed Desulfonylative Amination of Benzhydryl Sulfones
Authors: Nambo Masakazu , Tahara Yasuyo , Yim Jacky C.‐H. , Crudden Cathleen M.
Published: November 2018

A new method for the synthesis of benzhydryl amines from the reaction of readily available sulfone derivatives with amines is described. The Cu‐catalyzed desulfonylative amination not only provides structurally diverse benzhydryl amines in good yields, but is also applicable to iterative and intramolecular aminations. Control experiments suggested that the formation of a Cu‐carbene intermediate generated from the sulfone substrate, which represents a new route for desulfonylative transformations.
Characterization of a New Flat Sheet Membrane Module Type for Gas Permeation
Authors: Brinkmann Torsten , Notzke Heiko , Wolff Thorsten , Zhao Li , Luhr Sebastian , Stolten Detlef
Published: November 2018

Modern high‐performance flat sheet gas separation membranes exhibit high permeances as well as high selectivities, e.g., for CO2 separation. Novel membrane modules are desirable to transfer the intrinsic membrane performance to the process. The introduced module implements countercurrent flow, which allows for the best utilization of the required driving force, provided concentration polarization and pressure drops can be kept at bay. As such, it is different from established flat sheet modules for gas separation. The design features allow for straightforward scaling and easy adjustment to other operating conditions. During module development equation‐oriented modeling, computer‐aided engineering design and application of computational fluid dynamics for flow optimization were integrated. The prototype was investigated in a pilot plant. The experimental results reflected the simulation predictions and proved the validity of the module concept.
Packer identification method based on byte sequences
Authors: Jung ByeongHo , Bae Seong Il , Choi Chang , Im Eul Gyu
Published: November 2018

With the growing number of malware, malware analysis technologies need to be advanced continuously. Malware authors use various packing techniques to hide their code from malware detection tools and techniques. The packing techniques are generally used to compress and encrypt executable code in executable files, and the unpacking code is usually embedded in the executable files. Therefore, packed executable files can be executed by itself, and the information associated with packing can be used to analyze and detect malware. Since different packing tools will generate different packed executable files, packing tools can be identified by analyzing packed executable files, and packer identification can reduce malware‐analyzing overheads, and the executable files can even be unpacked. However, most previous studies focused on packing detection using signatures of unpacking code, and these approaches can be avoided by placing unpacking code in other locations or by distributing unpacking code in multiple locations. In this paper, we propose a new packer identification method by analyzing only code sections to extract features of malware generated by different packing tools. Experimental results show that our approach can identify different packing tools with the accuracy of 91.6% on average. Considering packer identification is the harder problem than packing detection, we argue that our approach can contribute to reducing overheads of malware analysis.
Model‐Based Meta‐Analysis in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Quantitative Comparison of Biologics and Small Targeted Molecules
Authors: Wu Yunjiao , Feng Xinying , Li Jiapeng , Wang Xiaoling , Yang Changqing , Zhao Libo
Published: November 2018

Information on the comparative efficacy is important for drug development as well as drug therapy. Up to now, the relative efficacy of approved biologics and many agents under investigation in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are still unclear. The objective of this study was to quantify the relative efficacy and time course of various treatments measured by the Ankylosing Spondylitis Assessment Study group response criteria 20 scores (ASAS20), change from baseline in Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). There were 34 double‐blinded trials of 10 biologics and small molecules encompassing 5,339 patients with AS were included in this analysis. Three mathematical models with nonparametric placebo estimations were used to describe the longitudinal profile for the above three efficacy measures. The results detected significant differences among included treatments, and infliximab and golimumab were found to have the highest efficacy in given dosage regimens across all measures.
A new DOA estimation approach for QPSK Alamouti STBC using ICA technique‐based PSO algorithm
Authors: Alrufaiaat Sameer Abdul Kadhim , Althahab Awwab Qasim Jumaah
Published: November 2018

Alamouti space time block code (STBC) has been a revolutionary technology in multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) wireless communication since it provides full transmission diversity. To reduce a multi‐path effect and a consumed power, the dynamic beam‐forming technique should be used to enable antennas focusing on a particular area. The aim of this paper is how to reduce the computational complexities of independent component analysis (ICA) and speed up the algorithm used in estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) angles. First, we derive a simple formula to reduce the number of unknown DOA to be one only. Then, real‐imaginary (Re‐Im) decomposition for MIMO system is used to reduce the computational complexities of ICA algorithm. The novel criteria used in this paper is that the kurtosis measuring for the extracted source will be minimum at one of the unknown values of DOA angles. Finally, particle swarm optimization (PSO) will be used as an effective tool to locate the DOA angle positions that minimize the kurtosis measuring.

Performance analysis of the proposed approach with QPSK Alamouti STBC in MIMO channel was implemented using MATLAB. The validated criterions for the new approach were first examined. Then, root‐mean‐square‐error (RMSE) was employed to test the proposed approach at different SNR levels. The main parameters that influence on this approach were evaluated. It was found that superior performance could be obtained at ∆DOA > 100 when antenna spacing set to be λ/2 using at least 103 snapshots. The important point observed during simulations was computational complexity (and latency) of the proposed approach was reduced to the minimum by employing Re‐Im decomposition model and PSO algorithm. Consequently, this approach is very efficient for hardware implementations.
The pathological outcome of ThinPrep Pap tests diagnosed as glandular cell abnormalities alone versus combined glandular and squamous abnormalities
Authors: Harbhajanka Aparna , Chahar Satyapal , Michael Claire W.
Published: November 2018

Background

Although the incidence of glandular cell abnormalities (GCA) on cervical cytology is low, the clinical and histologic findings are often significant. A combined diagnosis of squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) and GCA indicates concern for either two distinct lesions or single entity. The goal of this study is to evaluate the outcome of the diagnosis of GCA alone or in combination with squamous abnormality (SqA).

Methods

From January 2012‐June 2017, our laboratory processed 162 088 ThinPrep Pap tests. 998 (0.61%) cases were reported as GCA. Histologic follow‐up was available in 569 cases after excluding adenocarcinoma, NOS and atypical endometrial cells. HPV results were available in 429 (67.2%) cases.

Results

The surgical follow‐up on 271 cases with GCA alone diagnosis revealed negative/benign lesions in 183 (67.5%) cases, glandular lesions in 40 (14.8%) cases; SqA in 47 (17.3%) cases; combined in 1 (0.4%) case. Surgical follow‐up on 298 cases with dual interpretation revealed negative/benign lesions in 108 (36.2%) cases, SqA in 159 (53.4%) cases, GCA in 21 (7.0%) cases and only 10 (3.4%) cases were combined lesions. The mean age was 44 ±13.36 years. The overall hrHPV‐positive rate was 36.2%. Endometrial carcinoma was most common abnormality in patients >65 years (71.4%) especially with hrHPV‐negative results. CIN 1‐3 was the most common finding in patients <30 years (50%).

Conclusion

A cytological diagnosis of GCA has a higher risk of glandular abnormality on surgical follow‐up especially in the older and hrHPV‐negative group (P < .0001) while a combined diagnosis has a higher risk of a squamous lesion especially in <30 years (P < .0001). The combination of cytology, hrHPV‐status and patient age can significantly aid in the stratification of the patient into high risk for glandular/squamous lesions which results in appropriate management.
Dioxomolybdenum(VI) Complexes with Salicylamide Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalysis in the Epoxidation of Olefins under Eco‐Friendly Conditions
Authors: Annese Cosimo , Caputo Daniela , D'Accolti Lucia , Fusco Caterina , Nacci Angelo , Rossin Andrea , Tuci Giulia , Giambastiani Giuliano
Published: November 2018

Five salicylamides [R1R2SaAmH; R1, R2 = N‐substituents: nBu, H (1a); tBu, H (1b); nOc, H (1c); Bn, H (1d); and nBu, nBu (1e)] were successfully coordinated to the dioxomolybdic fragment, resulting in MoO2(R1R2SaAm)2 complexes 2a‐e, which were characterized through elemental analysis, IR, 1H‐ and 13C NMR, ESI‐HRMS, and XRD (for 2a,b,e). All complexes are active catalysts in the solvent‐free epoxidation of cis‐cyclooctene with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide in decane (TBHPdec), showing high turnover frequencies (TOF 1890 h–1 for 2b) at 1 % loading. Using aqueous TBHP (TBHPaq) or H2O2, selectivity to cyclooctene oxide is always 100 %, although reactions are more sluggish. The 2c/TBHPaq system, which displays the best TOF (1070 h–1) at 0.25 % loading and 75 °C, allowed for the quantitative conversion of trans‐2‐octene into its epoxide, while low epoxide selectivity was observed in the case of 1‐octene, styrene, and methyl oleate. In the latter case, 90 % epoxide selectivity at 92 % conversion was achieved with the 2b/TBHPdec system at 55 °C, under solvent‐free conditions. Compared to related MoO2X2(O‐amide)‐type complexes, 2a‐e exhibit increased catalytic performance under the greener conditions involving the use of aqueous oxidants.
Modified Nanopillar Arrays for Highly Stable and Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Huang Lanyan , Meng Qingguo , Shang Chaoqun , Jin Mingliang , Shui Lingling , Zhang Yongguang , Zhang Zhang , Chen Zhihong , Yuan Mingzhe , Wang Xin , Kempa Krzysztof , Zhou Guofu
Published: November 2018

Atomically modified graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (QDs), characterized by strongly increased reactivity and stability, are developed. These are deposited on arrays of TiO2 nanopillars used as a photoanode for the photoelectrochemical water splitting. This photoanode shows excellent stability, with 111 h of continuous work without any performance loss, which outperforms the best‐reported results by a factor of 10. Remarkably, our photoanode produces hydrogen even at zero bias. The excellent performance is attributed to the enhancement of photoabsorption, as well as to the promotion of charge separation between TiO2 nanopillars and the QDs.
Geochemistry, zircon U–Pb, and molybdenite Re–Os geochronology of the Mo deposit in Fengning region, Hebei Province, China
Authors: Sun Zhenjun , Wang Zongqi , Yu Henan , Song Weiyu , Wang Chengyang , Liu Guanghu
Published: November 2018

The Dacaoping and Sadaigoumen Mo deposits were recently discovered along the northern margin of the North China Craton. The newly determined Re–Os isochronous age of molybdenite from the Dacaoping Mo deposit is ca. 147 Ma, and the Re–Os model age of molybdenite from the Sadaigoumen Mo deposit is ca. 248 Ma, which represents two of their respective mineralization stages. Combined with previous data, we suggest four phases of mineralization in the Dacaoping and Sabagaogoumen Mo deposits; these phases are 248, 236, 147, and 140 Ma. The Early Triassic monzogranite and Early Cretaceous granodiorite in the Dacaoping Mo deposit and the Middle Triassic monzogranite in the Sabagaogoumen Mo deposit are I‐type granite with similar geochemical characteristics. The Triassic granites formed in a collisional–post‐collisional setting between the North China Plate and the Siberian Plate, and the Cretaceous granodiorite formed from the rapid thinning of the lithosphere. The partial melting of the lower crust is the main reason for their formation, and small amounts of mantle‐derived components were added. Compared to other Mo deposits in the region, we can further divide these Mo deposits into three phases, namely, (a) Triassic (ca. 248–223 Ma), (b) Early–Middle Jurassic (ca. 187–165 Ma), and (c) Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (ca. 155–130 Ma), which are consistent with the times of magmatic activity. These activities occurred during the collision and post‐collision between the North China Plate and the Siberian Plate after the Paleo‐Asian Ocean's closure, intracontinental orogeny, and rapid thinning of the lithosphere, respectively.
How robust are reference pricing studies on outpatient medical procedures? Three different preprocessing techniques applied to difference‐in differences
Authors: Brown Timothy Tyler , Atal Juan Pablo
Published: November 2018

The evaluation of policies that are not randomly assigned on outcomes generated by nonlinear data generating processes often requires modeling assumptions for which there is little theoretical guidance. This paper revisits previously published difference‐in‐differences results of an important example, the introduction of reference pricing to common outpatient procedures, to assess the robustness of the estimated impacts by using different matching, and reweighting techniques to preprocess the data. These techniques improve covariate balance and reduce model dependence. Specifically, we examine the robustness of the effect of reference pricing on patient site‐of‐care choice, total expenditures, and complication rates. We apply three preprocessing methods: propensity score reweighting, exact matching, and genetic matching. Propensity score reweighting is a technique for achieving covariate balance but does not balance higher‐order moments and may lead to bias and inefficiency in estimating treatment effects in the context of nonlinear data generating processes. In contrast, exact matching and genetic matching are designed to balance higher‐order moments. We find that although the use of the preprocessing techniques is a valuable robustness check showing that some results are sensitive to the method used, the three approaches generally yield results that do not statistically differ from the published results.
Availability and prescription of misoprostol for medical abortion in community pharmacies and associated factors in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Ganle John K. , Busia Nana T. , Maya Ernest
Published: November 2018

Objective

To assess misoprostol availability at community pharmacies and determine factors affecting misoprostol prescription for medical abortion.

Methods

A cross‐sectional quantitative survey of randomly sampled community pharmacies and their corresponding pharmacists/pharmacy workers was conducted in the city of Accra, Ghana. Structured questionnaires were administered to collect data between May 1 and July 28, 2016. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and proportions) and bivariate and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results

Of the 165 community pharmacies surveyed, approximately half (83 [50.3%]) stocked misoprostol. Availability of misoprostol however decreased when moving from first class to third class residential areas. 44 (26.7%) of the respondents had prescribed the drug at some time for medical abortion, but 140 (84.6%) indicated they would not prescribe the drug for medical abortion in future. Factors that significantly predicted misoprostol prescription for medical abortion included sex of the pharmacist/pharmacy worker, demand, and availability of misoprostol.

Conclusions

Demand for misoprostol for medical abortion was found to be high but only half of community pharmacies stocked it, and most pharmacy workers did not wish to prescribe the drug. If community pharmacies are to effectively contribute to expanding access to safe abortion services in Ghana, the disparity between misoprostol provision and demand needs to be addressed.