bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Health Education Based on Pictograms and Video Sequences in the Prevention of Hand Eczema Among Hospital Cleaners: A Cluster‐Randomised Controlled Trial With 24 Weeks Follow‐Up
Authors: Sedeh Farnam Barati , Ullum Anna Glenn , Christensen Karl Bang , Mortensen Ole Steen , Michaelsdóttir Thórunn Elísabet , Stückler Sarah Gharabaghi , Jemec Gregor Borut Ernst , Ibler Kristina Sophie
Published: January 2025

Background

Hand eczema (HE) is common among hospital cleaners, yet no specific prevention programme exists for this group in Denmark.

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of visual aids (pictograms and video scenes) based on evidence‐based skin care and protection recommendations on HE outcomes, focusing on disease severity, point prevalence and skin care and protection knowledge.

Methods

A cluster‐randomised controlled trial was conducted in professional cleaners from three Danish hospitals. Intervention Group A received pictograms, video clips and a short group‐based educational session. Intervention Group B received only pictograms and video clips. The control group received treatment as usual. HE severity and prevalence were assessed clinically, while knowledge was measured using self‐reported data.

Results

Out of 234 invited cleaners, 224 (96%) participated (Intervention Group A: 73, Intervention Group B: 78, Control Group: 73). After 24 weeks, both intervention groups showed significant reductions in HE severity and prevalence compared to the control group. Knowledge of skin care and protection also improved significantly in both intervention groups.

Conclusion

Visual aids effectively reduced HE prevalence and severity in hospital cleaners. Pictograms are a cost‐effective strategy that can be widely implemented, addressing the substantial burden of HE in the cleaning industry across diverse settings.
Do the Gödel Vignettes Involve a New Descriptivist Meaning? A Critical Discussion of Devitt and Porot's Elicited Production Test on Proper Names
Authors: D'Agruma Nicolò
Published: January 2025

Proper names—expressions such as “Barack Obama” or “New York”—play a crucial role in the philosophical debate on reference, that is, the relation that allows words to stand for entities of the world. In an elicited production test, Devitt and Porot prompt participants to use proper names to compare the Descriptivist Theory and the Causal‐Historical Theory on proper names’ reference. According to the Descriptivist Theory, names refer to the entity that fulfills the description that speakers associate with them. In contrast, the Causal‐Historical Theory holds that names refer to the entity at the origin of the causal‐historical chain of uses, regardless of any description. Devitt and Porot consider a criticism of their work, which they call “New‐Meaning objection”: upon reading the vignette, the participant gains access to some facts unknown to the people within the fictional scenario. As a consequence, the descriptivist participant may undertake the elicited production test by relying upon a new meaning that is in force within a linguistic community “in the know.” In that case, the Descriptivist Theory predicts the same name usage as the Causal‐Historical Theory. While Devitt and Porot address the objection also with a follow‐up experiment, they consider the criticism theoretically flawed, arguing that names do not change meaning any time speakers acquire new information about the world. In this article, I argue that, contrary to Devitt and Porot's claim, their vignette inclines the descriptivist participant to assume that the name has acquired a new meaning.
Meeting report about self‐organization in biology: Freiburg Spemann–Mangold Centennial Symposium
Authors: Kuwana Satoshi , Yasuoka Yuuri
Published: January 2025

From September 16 to 19, 2024, an international symposium to celebrate the centennial of the discovery of the gastrula organizer by Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold, was held at the University of Freiburg, Germany, where they studied embryology. There were 41 plenary lectures, 11 short talks, and 182 poster presentations, with more than 300 participants from 23 countries. The symposium covered research topics broadly related to developmental, cell, genome, and evolutionary biology, mainly focused on early animal development. In addition to in vivo studies on topics such as gastrulation, embryonic patterning, cell polarity, and morphogenesis, recent studies using gastruloids and organoids, which recapitulate embryogenesis and organogenesis in in vitro cell culture, were also presented at this symposium, entitled Self‐Organization in Biology. Most of the reported studies used vertebrate models such as mice, frogs, and zebrafish; however, evolutionary studies involving invertebrate and plant models were also presented. Presentations employing traditional methods such as cell transplantation and phenotype screening, and state‐of‐the‐art technologies such as single‐cell omics, high‐resolution imaging, and computational analysis showed that experimental embryology has a long history, to which studies of the organizer have contributed significantly. Here we discuss memorable aspects of the symposium in the hope that this report will encourage young scientists to actively participate in face‐to‐face international conferences.
A comparative approach to the microstructure in the carpus and tarsus in anurans
Authors: Fabrezi Marissa , Cruz Julio César
Published: January 2025

Despite the significant literature about morphological features of limb skeletons involved in tetrapod limb evolution, some questions about carpal and tarsal elements remain. In anurans, the ecomorphological and biomechanical approaches studied long hind limbs (to jump) and forelimbs (to land) and emphasized the role of the long bones in locomotion but disregarded what happens with the nodular elements of the carpus and tarsus. Here, we present a comparative study of nodular elements of the carpus and tarsus in anurans based on whole‐mount specimens stained with Alcian Blue (cartilage) and Alizarin Red S (bone and calcified cartilage). The sample comprises 113 species belonging to 33 anuran families and postmetamorphic series in selected species. Further, we analyze the histology of the carpus and tarsus in individuals of nine species. In most anurans, the carpal and tarsal elements are cartilaginous in adult stages. The cartilaginous matrix may present different degrees of calcification. Few taxa present truly ossified carpals and tarsals with marrow cavity, blood cells, and hematopoietic cells. Interpretation of the interspecific variation in the carpus and tarsus skeletons on the most recent anuran phylogeny suggests that the delayed ossification of carpals and tarsals has evolved in derived lineages (e.g. Pelobatoidea and Neobatrachia).
Weight loss and body composition after compounded semaglutide treatment in a real world setting
Authors: Chun Elizabeth , Siojo Alexandra , Rivera David , Reyna Kirsten , Legere Henry , Joseph Richard , Pojednic Rachele
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Clinical trials have shown efficacy of semaglutide for weight loss, but further study is needed in less controlled environments including impacts on body composition.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study included individuals who participated in a weight management programme at a commercial wellness studio receiving once‐weekly compounded semaglutide/cyanocobalamin injections from June 2023 to January 2024. Once‐weekly semaglutide/cyanocobalamin injected subcutaneously starting at 0.25 mg/0.125 mg and titrated to a maximum dose of 2.4 mg/0.24 mg. The primary endpoint was weight loss at 3 months, with secondary analyses including weight loss percentage, weight loss by body mass index (BMI) class and body composition changes including changes in total fat mass, lean body mass, skeletal muscle mass and trunk adiposity.

Results

A total of 94 individuals were analysed (81F/13M), age in years mean (SD) = 46.57 (10.60). After 3 months, average weight loss was 4.11 (2.77) kg or 4.57% (2.96%). Individuals lost fat mass (2.67 (2.37) kg) and trunk fat mass (1.10 (1.36) kg), while also losing small amounts of lean mass (1.43 (1.41) kg) and skeletal muscle mass (0.88 (0.81) kg). As a proportion of total weight, fat mass decreased while lean muscle mass and skeletal muscle mass increased.

Discussion

This study demonstrates that meaningful weight loss is achievable on semaglutide/cyanocobalamin outside of a closely controlled environment. In addition, body composition improved with losses in fat mass and gains in overall proportion of lean muscle and skeletal muscle.
Real‐time continuous glucose monitoring improves postoperative glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Son Heejun , Sohn Suk Ho , Kim Hyun Ah , Choe Hun Jee , Lee Hyunsuk , Jung Hye Seung , Cho Young Min , Park Kyong Soo , Hwang Ho Young , Kwak Soo Heon
Published: January 2025

Background

Effective glycaemic control following cardiac surgery improves clinical outcomes, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) might be a valuable tool in achieving this objective. We investigated the effect of real‐time CGM and telemonitoring on postoperative glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods

In this randomized clinical trial (RCT), adults with T2D undergoing CABG were assigned to either a test group utilizing real‐time CGM (Dexcom G6) and telemetry for glycaemic control, or a control group with blinded CGM measures, relying on point‐of‐care measures. The primary outcome was the percentage of time in range (TIR) of blood glucose between 70 and 180 mg/dL (3.9–10.0 mmol/L), measured by CGM.

Results

Among 91 subjects, 48 were in the test group and 43 were in the control group. The least squares (LS) mean ± standard error of TIR was 60.3 ± 2.7%, 50.3 ± 2.9% in the test and control group, respectively. The test group had significantly higher TIR when adjusted with age, sex, body mass index, baseline fasting blood glucose and baseline glycated haemoglobin (LS mean difference, 10.0%; 95% confidence interval, 2.1–18.0; p = 0.014). The test group also had lower time above range and mean glucose levels, with no differences in time below range or hypoglycaemic events.

Conclusions

In this RCT, real‐time CGM and telemonitoring improved glycaemic control during postoperative period without increasing hypoglycaemia risk. Given the benefits of effective glycaemic control on perioperative outcomes, CGM may be helpful in managing T2D after CABG.
Leveraging AI and Machine Learning to Personalise Music Education
Authors: Wang Puying
Published: January 2025

Information technology contributes to the transformation of the learning process because it changes the traditional system of teaching, based on outdated methodologies. The paper examined the current technologies used in music education in the context of learning process improvements in China. A sociological survey was conducted using the Stapel scale to determine the effectiveness of each application. The highest average ratings were achieved by the Musicfy app (4.5) and Stable Audio (4.2), indicating their high effectiveness. Group comparison of the applications demonstrated a high level of equivalence among most applications, allowing for their interchangeable use in the learning process. Average ratings for each quarter within the two groups revealed varying results across different periods of study. ANOVA analysis confirmed statistically significant differences between the groups, indicating a positive impact of ICT technologies on learning effectiveness. The research findings have practical implications for instructors who are looking for new ways to improve music education, both for instrumentalists and vocalists, through the use of a variety of cutting‐edge technologies. Further research might focus on the selection of additional technologies that affect the improvement of music education.
Comparing adenosine A2A receptor modulation of cannabinoid CB1 receptor‐mediated inhibition of GABA and glutamate release in rodent striatal nerve terminals
Authors: Ferreira Samira G. , Bitencourt Rafael M. , Garção Pedro , Cunha Rodrigo A. , Köfalvi Attila
Published: January 2025

In corticostriatal nerve terminals, glutamate release is stimulated by adenosine via A2A receptors (A2ARs) and simultaneously inhibited by endocannabinoids via CB1 receptors (CB1Rs). We previously identified presynaptic A2AR–CB1R heterotetrameric complexes in corticostriatal nerve terminals. We now explored the possible functional interaction between A2ARs and CB1Rs in purified striatal GABAergic nerve terminals (synaptosomes) and compared these findings with those on the release of glutamate. In the striatal synaptosomes of rats and wild‐type mice, the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55212‐2 (10–1000 nM) attenuated the Ca2+‐dependent, high‐K+‐evoked release of γ‐[2,3‐3H(N)]‐aminobutyric acid ([3H]GABA) and [3H]glutamate. WIN55212‐2 did not affect the evoked release of either neurotransmitter under CB1R blockade by AM251 or O‐2050 or in CB1R knockout (KO) mice. The A2AR‐selective agonist CGS21680 (30 nM) and the A2AR‐selective antagonist SCH58261 (100 nM) dampened the inhibitory action of WIN55212‐2 in rat synaptosomes. Another A2AR‐selective antagonist, ZM241385 (100 nM), abolished the inhibition by WIN55212‐2 of the evoked release of both [3H]GABA and [3H]glutamate. Surprisingly, WIN55212‐2 also failed to inhibit the evoked release of [3H]GABA but not of [3H]glutamate in A2AR KO mice of both CD‐1 and C57BL/6 strains. In rat striatal synaptosomal membranes, the binding of [3H]ZM241385 to A2ARs was not affected by cannabinoids. However, ZM241385 reduced the Bmax while CGS21680 and SCH58261 increased the KD of [3H]SR141716A binding to CB1R, indicating an A2AR‐ligand‐specific modulation of CB1R function. CB1R Bmax and KD were reduced in A2AR KO mice, whereas A2AR Bmax was smaller in CB1R KO mice. Altogether, our data reveal an intricate interdependence of presynaptic A2ARs and CB1Rs on striatal neuromodulation.
Microstructural origin of high‐strength Tyranno SA4 SiC fiber studied by comparative Raman spectroscopy#
Authors: Stewart Kaylyn , Lamm Benjamin , Koyanagi Takaaki
Published: January 2025

Tyranno SA4 grade SiC fiber is an emerging continuous fiber with excellent mechanical properties. The origin of the fiber's high‐performance was studied by comparative Raman spectroscopy of four different grades of SiC fibers and reference SiC monolith. Analysis of the Raman spectra of fiber cross‐sections, surface and homogeneity, and fibers under stress, revealed how differences in microstructure, such as crystalline order, size, and the presence of critical flaws, dictate mechanical properties. This information can help optimize SiC fiber manufacturing.
Zinc Deficiency Reduces Intestinal Secretory Immunoglobulin A and Induces Inflammatory Responses via the Gut‐Liver Axis
Authors: Kido Takamasa , Yanagisawa Hiroyuki , Suka Machi
Published: January 2025

Nutritional zinc (Zn) deficiency could impair immune function and affect bowel conditions. However, the mechanism by which Zn deficiency affects the immune function of gut‐associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) remains unclear. We investigated how Zn deficiency affects the function of GALT and level of secretory IgA (sIgA), a key component of the intestinal immune barrier, its underlying mechanisms, and whether Zn deficiency induces bacterial translocation to the liver. As previous research has indicated that interleukin (IL)‐4 administration or Zn supplementation has a beneficial effect on the spleen of Zn‐deficient rats, we investigated whether these supplements reverse the GALT immune system. Five‐week‐old male rats were fed a standard diet, Zn‐deficient diet supplemented with saline or IL‐4 for 6 weeks, or Zn‐deficient diet followed by a standard diet for 4 weeks. Zn deficiency suppressed sIgA secretion in the intestinal tract by affecting GALT function and induced inflammatory responses through bacterial translocation to the liver via the portal vein. Furthermore, IL‐4 administration and Zn supplementation in rats with Zn deficiency elicited comparable beneficial effects on GALT function, suggesting that the administration of either IL‐4 or Zn could prevent inflammatory response via bacterial translocation to the liver.
Chronological Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Guo Xinyue , Qin Lanqun , Wang Xinmeng , Geng Qian , Li Dongqing , Lu Yingying , Jiang Hua
Published: January 2025

Circadian rhythm is a physiological process that oscillates in a 24 h cycle. It has a complex connection with the function of the human immune system and even with the development of tumours. Previous studies demonstrated the time‐dependent effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy; however, there are few studies on the timing effects of immunotherapy. Here, we explored the differences in the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) administered at different circadian rhythm times in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). C57BL/6N lung Lewis cancer mice models were constructed. Then, mice were intraperitoneally injected with saline or anti‐PD‐1 antibody at 7 AM or 7 PM, The expression of PD‐L1 was detected by flow cytometry, and the expressions of clock gene BMAL1 and PER2 were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after treatment. A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with NSCLC who received ICIs in our department from June 2020 to December 2022. Animal experiments showed that mice treated with ICIs in the morning showed slower tumour growth and smaller tumour volumes than those in the afternoon, accompanied by increased expression of BMAL1 and PER2 and suppression of PD‐L1 expression. Retrospective analysis showed that patients who received ICIs in the afternoon (after 12:00) had significantly longer progression‐free survival than those in the morning (before 12:00) (median was 16.5 months versus 9.8 months, respectively, p = 0.031, hazard ratio = 1.87). These findings suggest that immunotherapy may have time dependence, offering a novel therapeutic strategy.
Role of Digitalization and Government Effectiveness in Sustainable Energy Transition: Evidence From Asian Economies
Authors: Pal Shreya , Mahalik Mantu Kumar
Published: January 2025

This study explores how digitalization, through resident and non‐resident innovation initiatives, along with government effectiveness, affects the transition to renewable energy generation in five Advanced (Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand and Singapore) and seven Emerging (China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam) Asian economies. The research uses annual data from 1985 to 2022 and applies several econometric methods to analyse the impact of these factors on renewable energy generation in a panel setup while also considering economic growth and human capital as key control variables. The findings reveal that residential innovation negatively impacts renewable energy generation in Advanced Asia but has a positive effect in Emerging Asia. Additionally, government effectiveness and non‐residential innovation hinder renewable energy generation in Emerging Asia while contributing positively in Advanced Asia. Economic growth and human capital show a positive association with renewable energy generation in both Advanced and Emerging Asian economies. These findings are robust to an alternative method used. Besides, additional robust results further indicate that artificial intelligence patents used as an alternative measure of digitalization hinder renewable energy generation in Emerging Asia and promote it in Advanced Asia. These findings provide valuable guidance for policymakers and stakeholders, highlighting the need for tailored strategies to drive sustainable energy transition in different economic contexts.
Oxidation of TiC–SiC nanocomposite
Authors: Aréna Hélène , Coulibaly Moustapha , Pradeilles Nicolas , Mesbah Adel , Jonchère Alban , Arrachart Guilhem , Vandenhende Marion , Maître Alexandre , Bernard Samuel , Deschanels Xavier
Published: January 2025

This work aims at understanding the oxidation mechanism of a TiC–SiC nanocomposite ceramic material. Samples were subjected to heat treatments up to 1400°C under air, varying the relative density of the composite, the heating rate, and the dwell time. The weight variations were followed by thermogravimetric analyses coupled with mass spectrometry. The oxidized samples were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy on cross‐sections (SEM‐EDX) and their microstructure and composition were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM‐EDX). The oxidation process was also followed by in situ high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction and high‐temperature environmental scanning electron microscopy. Until 1000°C, the formation of a multilayer alteration scale was observed, with a dense and protective SiO2 layer. Above 1200°C, this layer showed cracks, and the oxidation was increased. Based on the results, a three‐step mechanism was proposed for the temperature‐dependent conversion of TiC and SiC to the subsequent oxides.
On Medical Tourism Overseas: Ethical Analysis of the Duties of NHS Doctors in Managing the Negative Health Consequences of Accessing Medical Treatments Abroad
Authors: Armitage Richard C.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

An increasing number of UK residents are travelling overseas to access medical treatments, the negative health consequences of which are largely managed by NHS doctors.

Methods

This paper performs an ethical analysis, using the ethical framework of principlism, of the duties of NHS doctors in managing these negative health consequences of medical tourism overseas.

Findings

While the doctor's duty to respect patient autonomy contains a negative duty to not interfere with their choice to access medical treatment overseas, it also contains a positive duty to ensure this choice is informed. This requires those considering medical tourism overseas to be counselled on the risks. This should take place directly by counselling, and indirectly through public health messaging. Beneficence requires the doctor to promote the patient's health, therefore obligating them to treat complications of medical tourism overseas, to intervene if poor cosmetic outcomes negatively impact the patient's mental health, and to refer the patient if the necessary aftercare is insufficiently or entirely unavailable on the NHS. Beneficence also requires doctors to remove harm, meaning they must counsel patients about the risks of medical tourism overseas to minimise the risk of negative health consequences. Justice requires NHS doctors to care for patients according to their clinical needs regardless of how that need has arisen, including the negative health consequences of medical tourism abroad, and requires NHS doctors to minimise these negative health consequences to minimise the scarce resources allocated to addressing them. The duty of non‐maleficence is not relevant in this context.

Conclusion

Amongst other requirements, this paper finds that NHS doctors must counsel those considering medical tourism overseas on the risks of doing so, and existing efforts to do so should be increased to reflect the increasing prevalence of medical tourism overseas by UK residents and the associated negative health consequences.
Application of Conservation Genomics to Investigate the Role of Pathogens on the Migration of Sea‐Run Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)
Authors: Lennox Robert J. , Eldøy Sindre H. , Schulze Angela D. , Miller Kristina M. , Isaksen Trond Einar , Davidsen Jan G. , Nilsen Cecilie I. , Dahlmo Lotte S. , Vollset Knut Wiik
Published: January 2025

Pathogens play a key role in individual function and the dynamics of wild populations, but the link between pathogens and individual performance has rarely been investigated in the wild. Migrating salmonids offer an ideal study system to investigate how infection with pathogens affects performance given that climate change and fish farming portend increasing prevalence of pathogens in wild populations. To test for effects of pathogen burden on the performance of a migrating salmonid, we paired data from individual brown trout tagged with acoustic accelerometer transmitters and gill biopsies to investigate how pathogen infection affected whole animal activity during the spawning migration. Generalised additive models fitted to the acceleration data revealed individual and temporal variation in acceleration as expected, but also provided a significant effect of relative infection burden on acceleration. However, when linking this pathogen‐specific effect to a relevant bioenergetic change, it was evident that the effect had little impact on the exercise‐related oxygen consumption at the individual level, especially in cases where fish were not exerting high exercise activity. The results are a powerful example of how pairing non‐lethal biopsies with individual tracking technologies can be used to assess how pathogens impact fish in situ.
Using voice recognition and machine learning techniques for detecting patient‐reported outcomes from conversational voice in palliative care patients
Authors: Dong Lei , Hirayama Hideyuki , Zheng XueJiao , Masukawa Kento , Miyashita Mitsunori
Published: January 2025

Aim

Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly used in palliative care to evaluate patients' symptoms and conditions. Healthcare providers often collect PROMs through conversations. However, the manual entry of these data into electronic medical records can be burdensome for healthcare providers. Voice recognition technology has been explored as a potential solution for alleviating this burden. However, research on voice recognition technology for palliative care is lacking. This study aimed to verify the use of voice recognition and machine learning to automatically evaluate PROMs using clinical conversation voice data.

Methods

We recruited 100 home‐based palliative care patients from February to May 2023, conducted interviews using the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale (IPOS), and transcribed their voice data using an existing voice recognition tool. We calculated the recognition rate and developed a machine learning model for symptom detection. Model performance was primarily evaluated using the F1 score, harmonic mean of the model's positive predictive value, and recall.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 80.6 years (SD, 10.8 years), and 34.0% were men. Thirteen patients had cancer, and 87 did not. The patient voice recognition rate of 55.6% (SD, 12.1%) was significantly lower than the overall recognition rate of 76.1% (SD, 6.4%). The F1 scores for the five total symptoms ranged from 0.31 to 0.46.

Conclusion

Although further improvements are necessary to enhance our model's performance, this study provides valuable insights into voice recognition and machine learning in clinical settings. We expect our findings will reduce the burden of recording PROMs on healthcare providers, increasing the wider use of PROMs.
Comparing the OurRelationship Program and Bibliotherapy for Parents Experiencing Couple Distress: A Randomized Pilot
Authors: Trillingsgaard Tea L. , Hansen Frederik Godt , Fentz Hanne Nørr
Published: January 2025

The OurRelationship Program is an 8‐h web‐based program for distressed couples adapted from Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy. In this pilot randomized controlled trial, we aimed to replicate results from the founders and test feasibility criteria for program implementation across cultures. We randomized 39 Danish, opposite‐sex, distressed, parenting couples to either the OurRelationship program or self‐guided bibliotherapy (a self‐help book with a reading guide). Results showed significant within‐group changes in couple and individual functioning; for the OurRelationship, small‐to‐large effect sizes (d = 0.46–1.35 for relationship functioning, d = 0.29–0.80 for individual functioning), and for Bibliotherapy, small‐to‐moderate changes (d = 0.49–0.75 for relationship functioning, d = 0.28–0.45 for individual functioning). Differences between conditions were insignificant, except for moderate differences in reductions of communication conflict (d = 0.79) and relationship negatives (d = 0.43) in favor of OurRelationship. While feasibility results were positive, a sustainable implementation requires a resourceful organization and large‐scale delivery.
Synthesis and characterisation of DOTA‐kisspeptin‐10 as a potential gallium‐68/lutetium‐177 pan‐tumour radiopharmaceutical
Authors: Kleynhans Janke , Reeve Robert , Driver Cathryn H. S. , Marjanovic‐Painter Biljana , Sathekge Mike , Zeevaart Jan Rijn , Ebenhan Thomas , Millar Robert P.
Published: January 2025

Kisspeptin (KISS1) and its cognate receptor (KISS1R) are implicated in the progression of various cancers. A gallium‐68 labelled kisspeptin‐10 (KP10), the minimal biologically active structure, has potential as a pan‐tumour radiopharmaceutical for the detection of cancers. Furthermore, a lutetium‐177 labelled KP10 could find therapeutic application in treating oncological diseases. DOTA (1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid) was attached to the NH2‐terminus of KP10 as we posited from our previous publications that this modification would not impair biological activity. Here, we showed that the biological activity, as monitored by stimulation of inositol phosphate accumulation in HEK293 transfected with the KISS1R gene, was indeed similar for KP10 and DOTA‐KP10. The optimisation of radiolabelling with gallium‐68 and lutetium‐177 is described. Stability in serum, plasma and whole blood was also investigated. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution were established with micro‐PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computerised tomography) and ex vivo measurements. Dynamic studies with micro‐PET/CT demonstrated that background clearance for the radiopharmaceutical was rapid with a blood half‐life of 18 ± 3 min. DOTA‐KP10 demonstrated preserved functionality at KISS1R and good blood clearance. These results lay the foundation for the further development of DOTA‐KP10 analogues that have high binding affinity along with proteolytic resistance.
Metabolic syndrome is associated with breast cancer mortality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Harborg Sixten , Larsen Helene Borup , Elsgaard Stine , Borgquist Signe
Published: January 2025

Background

This systematic review and meta‐analysis assesses the association between metabolic syndrome and breast cancer (BC) outcomes in BC survivors.

Methods

Systematic searches were carried out in PubMed and Embase using variations of the search terms: breast neoplasms (population), metabolic syndrome (exposure), and survival (outcome). Metabolic syndrome was characterized according to the American Heart Association, which includes the presence of three out of five abnormal findings among the risk factors: high blood pressure, high triglycerides, low high‐density lipoprotein, high fasting glucose, and central obesity. Data were obtained from observational studies and randomized controlled trials that utilized survival statistics and reported survival ratios to investigate how the presence of metabolic syndrome at the time of BC diagnosis is associated with BC outcomes. Study data were independently extracted by two authors, and effect sizes were pooled using random‐effects models.

Results

From the 1019 studies identified in the literature search, 17 were deemed eligible. These encompassed 42,135 BC survivors. The pooled estimates revealed that BC survivors who had metabolic syndrome at the time of their BC diagnosis experienced increased risk of recurrence (HR 1.69, 95% CI: 1.39–2.06), BC mortality (HR 1.83, 95% CI: 1.35–2.49), and shorter disease‐free survival (HR 1.57, 95% CI: 1.36–1.81) compared to BC survivors without metabolic syndrome.

Conclusions

Among BC survivors, metabolic syndrome was associated with inferior BC outcomes. This necessitates the creation of clinical guidelines that include metabolic screening for BC survivors. Further research should identify effective interventions to reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among BC survivors to improve metabolic health and BC outcomes.
Navigating cultural crossroads: A thematic analysis of individuals' sacrifices in intercultural romantic relationships
Authors: Naeimi Hanieh , Impett Emily A.
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to explore the unique sacrifices intercultural couples make to reconcile their cultural differences.

Background

Partners in intercultural romantic relationships may be challenged to make sacrifices related to their cultural differences, termed cultural sacrifices. These sacrifices can act as catalysts for cultural change in families and society, yet there is a gap in our understanding of the types of cultural sacrifices partners make.

Method

We conducted reflexive thematic analysis on two online samples of individuals in intercultural relationships who wrote about their cultural sacrifices (n = 592). We employed a bottom‐up data‐driven approach to our analysis.

Results

We identified 10 themes, including nine distinct themes of cultural sacrifices—cultural practices and norms, food, gender roles, language, parenting, prejudice, religion, relocation and travel, and social orientation—and one theme of not making a cultural sacrifice. Most themes were divided into subthemes to provide more context for individuals' experiences.

Conclusion

Individuals in intercultural relationships often reconcile their cultural differences by giving up aspects of their own culture or finding ways to adapt to their partner's culture. This study provides the first descriptive overview of the types of cultural sacrifices partners make in their relationships.

Implications

These findings provide a better understanding of intercultural relationships, contribute to a more inclusive study of relationships, and offer valuable considerations for future research.
Damage Threshold and Population Dynamic of Meloidogyne javanica on Tomato Plant
Authors: Bouchtaoui El Mehdi , Smouni Abdelaziz , Dababat Abdelfattah A. , Mokrini Fouad
Published: January 2025

The root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica is a significant pathogen that causes substantial yield losses in tomato plants. Moroccan farmers generally lack knowledge regarding the density of this pathogen, which can trigger visible and localised symptoms. Additionally, regional studies that establish damage thresholds for this issue are scarce. This study investigated the damage threshold of M. javanica on tomato plants using nine initial population densities (Pi) of second‐stage juveniles (J2s): 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 J2s (g dry soil)−1. Aboveground growth (plant height and fresh and dry shoot weight) and belowground growth (root length and diameter) were assessed after 90 days. The plant growth parameters were significantly reduced at higher inoculum densities. The Seinhorst model fitting revealed the highest minimum relative yield (m) for shoot fresh weight (m = 0.761 ± 0.012) and the lowest for root diameter (m = 0.509 ± 0.026). The tolerance limit (T) varied, with the highest shoot dry weight (T = 1.657 ± 0.329 J2s (g soil)−1) and lowest root diameter (T = 0.095 ± 0.019 J2s (g soil)−1). The production of eggs by M. javanica increased significantly with increasing initial population density, rising from 211 ± 64 eggs (g roots)−1 at 0.5 J2s (g soil)−1 to 3735 ± 380 eggs (g roots)−1 at 64 J2s (g soil)−1, representing a 17.7‐fold increase. Tomato plants exhibited the maximum galling index at lower nematode densities. Symptoms began at densities as low as 0.095 J2 (g soil)−1, with severity increasing with nematode density. Given the severe damage caused at low densities, Moroccan farmers must adopt early detection and effective management strategies.
Absence of Viral Replication Is Associated With Improved Outcome in Anti‐HCV‐Positive Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Giannini Edoardo G. , Pasta Andrea , Plaz Torres Maria Corina , Pieri Giulia , Cabibbo Giuseppe , Sangiovanni Angelo , Piscaglia Fabio , Campani Claudia , Missale Gabriele , Vidili Gianpaolo , Ghittoni Giorgia , Pelizzaro Filippo , Foschi Francesco Giuseppe , Morisco Filomena , Santi Valentina , Svegliati‐Baroni Gianluca , Azzaroli Francesco , Saitta Carlo , Brunetto Maurizia Rossana , Sacco Rodolfo , Ponziani Francesca Romana , Boninsegna Sara , Nardone Gerardo , Martini Andrea , Mega Andrea , Sacerdoti David , Magalotti Donatella , Vitale Alessandro , Bucci Laura , Trevisani Franco ,   Italian Liver Cancer (ITA.LI.CA) group
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

Presence of active hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may influence the outcome of patients treated for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although this issue has never been adequately assessed in a large series of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of active HCV affects the survival of patients treated for HCC.

Methods

This study assessed the outcome of 3123 anti‐HCV‐positive patients with HCC, subdivided according to the presence of active HCV infection or previous sustained virological response (SVR). Comparisons were also carried out after propensity score matching (PSM) considering demographic, clinical and oncological characteristics.

Results

The median overall survival from HCC treatment was longer in patients with SVR than in those with active HCV infection both before (n = 2118: 61.0 months [95% confidence internal (CI): 56.5–65.5] vs. n = 1005: 51.0 months [95% CI: 43.4–58.6]; p = 0.003) and after PSM (n = 1285: 60.0 months [95% CI: 55.3–64.7] vs. n = 926: 54.0 months [95% CI: 46.7–61.3]; p = 0.030). Active HCV infection was associated with a greater risk of mortality (hazard ratio: 1.22–1.27, p = 0.001) independently of liver‐ and tumour‐related variables, and modality of HCC treatment. Death due to liver failure was more common in patients with active HCV infection (24.5% vs. 17.1%; p = 0.001), while non‐liver‐related causes of death were more common in patients with SVR (25.0% vs. 17.0%; p = 0.001).

Conclusions

SVR is associated with a better outcome in patients undergoing HCC treatment, thus suggesting that these patients may benefit from antiviral therapy for HCV independently of cure of HCC.
Prevalence of Crown Resorption in Amelogenesis Imperfecta due to Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Besa‐Witto Colomba , Ortega‐Pinto Ana , Véliz Sebastián , Cornejo Marco , Fuentes Ignacia , Palisson Francis , Krämer Susanne
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is a rare genetic disease manifesting with skin and mucosal blistering. As part of the JEB, patients present with syndromic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). Reports have described external crown resorption (ECR) in the teeth of patients with JEB, but its prevalence is unknown.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of ECR in patients with JEB.

Methods

A longitudinal retrospective cohort study was performed at the Special Care Dentistry Clinic, University of Chile. Clinical records of patients with JEB between 2005 and 2024 were analysed. Prevalence of ECR per patient, per type of tooth and per tooth was calculated.

Results

Of the 20 patients examined, 90% presented ECR in at least one tooth, with an average of 4.8 primary and 6.8 permanent teeth affected. The most affected type of teeth were the incisors. 57.5% of primary incisors and 68% of permanent incisors had resorption. The most affected tooth was #82 in primary dentition (75%) and #32 in the permanent dentition (88.9%).

Conclusions

The prevalence of ECR in patients with AI due to JEB caused by variants in LAMB3 was 90%. Establishing clinical and radiographic dental protocols for the early detection of ECR is essential to prevent extensive tooth destruction.
The Asian philosophical concepts in Vladimir Nabokov's The Original of Laura
Authors: Wang Siqi
Published: January 2025

This article presents a cross‐textual analysis of the refracted presence of Asian philosophical concepts in Vladimir Nabokov's posthumous novel, The Original of Laura (2009). It argues that the novel subtly parodies Yukio Mishima's dramatic suicide and his aesthetic ideal juxtaposing death with beauty. Nabokov blends his characteristic playfulness and sarcasm into the ritual suicides of Philip Wild and Adam Lind, suggesting that suicide is an absurd method of seeking fulfillment while simultaneously deconstructing the grim implications of mortality. Symbolically, the “Chinese butterflies” on the fans—exchanged between Flora and Wild through buying and selling—reference the Taoist “butterfly dream,” highlighting the illusory nature of the characters' existence. This metaphor links the lives and deaths of the mirror characters in The Original of Laura and My Laura, thus creating a complex echo between the inner and outer texts. Additionally, Buddhist elements are integrated into the story, as seen in Wild's extraction of dictionary entries on Nirvana. Ironically, his experiments with self‐obliteration reveal a shallow understanding of the “extinction of the self,” which, essentially, requires an internal detachment from the self, thereby adding layers of mockery to his misguided path to transcendence.
The CmTGA1–CmRbohD Cascade Confers Resistance Against Chrysanthemum White Rust by Promoting Reactive Oxygen Species Generation
Authors: Chen Qi , Jin Ruibing , Liu Di , Wang Siqi , Chen Changge , Mao Hongyu
Published: January 2025

Chrysanthemum white rust (CWR), caused by Puccinia horiana Heen., is a serious disease of chrysanthemum worldwide. This disease reduces the quality and yield of Chrysanthemum morifolium, leading to significant losses for chrysanthemum growers and industries. It is often referred to as the ‘cancer’ of chrysanthemum. The most effective approach to managing CWR is to utilise host resistance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are conserved basic defence compounds in higher plants that are generated in response to biotic stresses. This study reported the TGACG‐binding (TGA) transcription factor 1 (CmTGA1) in chrysanthemum. Subcellular localisation analysis revealed that CmTGA1 is localised in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Overexpression or knockout of CmTGA1 in chrysanthemum increased or reduced CWR resistance by regulating ROS generation, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and CmRbohD (a gene mediating ROS generation) expression. Yeast one‐hybrid, dual‐luciferase, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that CmTGA1 bound directly to the as‐1 element in the promoter region of CmRbohD. Subcellular localisation analysis revealed that CmRbohD was localised in the cytomembrane and cytoplasm. CmRbohD was induced by P. horiana infection and enhanced CWR resistance by promoting ROS generation, activating the antioxidant enzyme system, and catalysing lignin biosynthesis. Our results showed that CmTGA1 activated CmRbohD to improve the CWR resistance via the ROS pathway in chrysanthemum. Our findings provided novel insights into the regulatory pathways involving the CmTGA1‐CmRbohD cascade‐mediated regulation of CWR resistance, demonstrating an effective strategy to improve tolerance to P. horiana in chrysanthemum.
Perspectives on Conducting Behavioral Intervention With Adolescents Using a Virtual Platform—A Thematic Analysis From the Viewpoint of Study Coordinators
Authors: Ghezzo Adamo , Pascale Giuseppe , Dew Mary Amanda , Rennick Janet E. , Dabbs Annette DeVito , Dharnidharka Vikas R. , Knäuper Bärbel , Mayersohn Gillian , Teoh Chia Wei , Phan Véronique , Blydt‐Hansen Tom , Smith Jodi , Foster Bethany J.
Published: January 2025

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic led to widespread adoption of virtual communication platforms. Virtual study visits were implemented in the pilot cluster randomized trial (CRT) stage of Teen Adherence in KidnEy transplant Improving Tracking To Optimize Outcomes (TAKE‐IT TOO). The present study aimed to understand study coordinators' perspectives on conducting a behavioral intervention with adolescent kidney transplant recipients using virtual conferencing platforms.

Methods

Study coordinator participants (N = 6) completed questionnaires and participated in a semi‐structured interview that probed comfort with digital technology, issues encountered, and overall perspectives on conducting virtual study visits. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to identify themes and subthemes.

Results

Participants expressed confidence with technology and ability to handle the complexities of the virtual conferencing. Some expressed that virtual study visits led to a change in work habits and higher workload due to increased technology complexity. Qualitative analyses of participant interviews revealed four themes: adaptability, accessibility, logistics (including subthemes scheduling and fluidity), and communication (including subthemes clarity, engagement, and rapport). Convenience for coordinators and the perceived comfort for adolescents were noted advantages for virtual visits. Technical issues, periodic adolescent distractions, and challenges with instructional teaching through virtual conferencing were identified as potential limitations of virtual study visits.

Conclusions

Overall, virtual study visits were appreciated and endorsed by study coordinators. Researchers should consider the feasibility of completing study‐related tasks virtually, including accessibility of visual materials on all type of electronic devices, and ensure adequate training of study personnel when deciding to implement virtual platform in CRTs.
Association Between Early Immunosuppression Center Variability and One‐Year Outcomes After Pediatric Liver Transplant
Authors: Raghu Vikram K. , Rothenberger Scott D. , Squires James E. , Eisenberg Elizabeth , Peters Anna L. , Halma Jennifer , Antala Swati , Batsis Irini D. , Zhang Ke‐You , Feldman Amy G. , Leung Daniel H. , Lobritto Steven J. , Bucuvalas John , Horslen Simon P. , Mazariegos George V. , Perito Emily R.
Published: January 2025

Background

Despite the existence of institutional protocols, liver transplant centers often have variability in early immunosuppression practices. We aimed to measure within‐center variability in early immunosuppression after pediatric liver transplant (LT) and examine its association with one‐year outcomes.

Methods

We analyzed pediatric LTs from 2013 to 2018 in the United Network for Organ Sharing registry, with data aggregated by center. We categorized induction regimen as corticosteroids only vs. T‐cell depleting antibody vs. non‐T‐cell depleting antibody. Primary exposures were coefficient of immunosuppression variability (CIV) in (1) induction and (2) mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) use. Primary outcomes were one‐year graft survival, patient survival, and acute rejection rate within the first year after transplant.

Results

The study cohort included 2542 LT recipients from 67 LT centers. Sixteen centers (24%) had no MMF variability; twenty‐five centers (37%) had no induction variability. In multivariable analysis, induction CIV was associated with 2.72 times greater odds of acute rejection in the first year (OR 2.72; 95% CI 1.66–4.45; p < 0.001). MMF CIV was not associated with rejection (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.66–2.25, p = 0.527). Neither one‐year graft nor patient survival were associated with induction or MMF CIV.

Conclusions

Induction CIV is associated with higher one‐year acute rejection odds and did not impact short‐term graft or patient survival. Improved understanding of the reasons for high CIV will inform future work aiming to determine whether reducing variability may improve outcomes.