bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Citrus Red Mite Control in Corona, California, 1980
Authors: Brown R. D. , Jesser M. J.
Published: March 2022

Acaricides were applied in a lemon grove infested with citrus red mite. Treatments were applied by handgun (450 psi) with about 1500 gal/acre. There were six single-tree replicates per treatment. Adult female mites were counted on 32 leaves per tree (8 terminals).
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Childersand C. C. , Konsler B. A.
Published: March 2022

Experimental miticides were evaluated for efficacy against citrus rust mite (CRM) in randomized complete block designs. Treatments were replicated 8 times in test 1 and 6 times in test 2. An unsprayed buffer tree separated treated trees both within and between rows. Sprays were applied dilute with a handgun at 200 psi using a truck-mounted sprayer on Sep 12 (test I) and Oct 5 (test 2). Approximately 5 gals of finished spray were applied to each sample tree which equaled ca. 455 gals per acre. Twenty fruit were examined at random around the canopy of each sample tree at various time intervals before and after spraying. A 1 cm2 area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides per fruit. The combined 2 cm2 count of motile CRM was recorded as one observation. Twenty leaves of the 1979 spring-summer flush were picked at random around the perimeter of each sample tree. Motile CRM were counted within 1 cm2 area on both upper and lower basal leaf surfaces. The two counts were combined per leaf and recorded as one observation.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1980
Authors: Childers C. C. , Konsler B. A.
Published: March 2022

Varying rates of Vendex alone and in combination with 1% 435 oil were evaluated for citrus rust mite (CRM) control. Treatments were replicated 7 times in single tree plots in test I and 6 times in test 2. An unsprayed buffer tree separated treated frees both within and between rows in both tests. Sprays were applied dilute with a handgun at 350 psi on Jun 3 (test I) and 400 psi on Aug 6 (test 2) using a truck-mounted sprayer. Twenty fruit were examined at random around the canopy of each sample tree at various time intervals before and after spraying. A 1 cm2 area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides per fruit. The combined 2 cm2 count per fruit of motile CRM was recorded as one observation.
Oranges, Citrus Thrips Control, 1980
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Mullis C. H.
Published: March 2022

Various insecticides including Marshal, Orthene, UC 57193, Lorsban, and Ethion were compared to Cygon for control of citrus thrips on Valencia oranges at petal fall on the Yuma Citrus Station. Sprays were applied Apr 10 to 3-tree plots replicated 4 times. Treated at the rate of 3 gal/tree (250 gpa) and 300 psi with a pistol-type spray gun attached to a John Bean Sprayer. Precount Apr 9 average 7.9 thrips/terminal.
Foliar Sprays to Control Cabbage Looper on Broccoli, 1980
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis J. A.
Published: March 2022

‘Waltham 29’ broccoli was transplanted Aug 14 in 3-ft rows with 20-inch row spacing. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single 25-ft long row with an untreated row adjacent to each treatment plot. The sprays were applied with a D. B. Smith 5-gallon, knapsack, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 75 gal/acre (40 psi), using a D. B. Smith #E-147 adjustable cone nozzle. All applications except the special Lannate schedule in Table 1 were made on Sep 3, 11, 19 and Oct 2; the special Lannate schedule was applied on Aug 20, 26, Sep 2, 11, 19, 25 and Oct 2. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of loopers/10 broccoli plants and by foliage injury ratings. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1 to 5 and were categorized as follows: 1) Only occasional feeding - necessary to look very close to see evidence of injury; 2) Visible signs of feeding but less than 10% of leaves severely damaged; 3) Heavy feeding on 10-25% of foliage; 4) Intense feeding on 25-50% of foliage; and 5) Practically 100% of the foliage severely damaged, plants nearly defoliated.
Aerial Sprays for Control of European Corn Borer in Snap Bean, 1980
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B. , Cuperus Gerrit W.
Published: March 2022

Snap beans were planted Jun 10 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots were 48 x 50 ft, arranged randomly in 3 replications along the flight path of the aircraft. Sprays were applied Jul 29 and Aug 5 with a fixed-wing agricultural aircraft delivering 5 gal/acre at 33 psi. Plots were infested with corn borer egg masses in the ‘blackhead’ stage Jul 25 at a rate of 22 egg masses/50 ft row. Evaluation of insecticide efficacy was done by harvesting 50 row-ft from each plot and examining plants for dammage pods and vines.
Control of Corn Earworm on Cabbage, 1978
Authors: Stevens Larry M. , Kikuchi Rosalie
Published: March 2022

The test was located at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Inarajan, Guam. Seedlings were transplanted into the field (volcanic ash with a Mariana limestone base) on Apr 6, 1978. Each plot consisted of three rows 20 ft long and 4 ft apart. Each row consisted of 10 plants. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. There were two treatments plus a control. Treatments were applied starting on Apr 10 and continued every four days until Jun 19. Heliothis spp. damage was assessed on May 23 and Jun 5 by counting the number of larvae per plant and then determining the percentage of infested heads.
Control of Cabbage Borer and Diamondback Moth on Cabbage, 1979
Authors: Stevens Larry M. , Kikuchi Rosalie , Bias Tom
Published: March 2022

The test was located at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Inarajan, Guam. Seedlings were transplanted into the field (volcanic ash with a Mariana limestone base) on Jun 20, 1979. Each plot consisted of three rows, 20 ft long and 4 ft apart. Each row consisted of 10 plants. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. There were five treatments plus a control. Treatments were applied using a solo backpack sprayer 425 starting on Jun 25, 1979, and continued every four days until Aug 19. Cabbage borer and diamondback damage were assessed on Jul 16, Jul 23 and Aug 6 by counting the number of larvae per plant and then determining the percentage of infested heads.
Cabbage Looper Control on Collards - Effects of Surfactants and Feeding Stimulants On Efficacy of Dipel and Trichoplusia Ni Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, 1979
Authors: Harper J. D. , Hollingsworth M. H.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted at the North Alabama Horticulture Substation, Cullman. Collard transplants were set in plots consisting of 1 row of 10 plants (44 inch row spacing x 18 inches in row spacing). Two tests were established utilizing randomized complete block designs with ten treatments and 4 replications in each. Test 1 compared 9 different surfactants or feeding stimulants in combination with a preparation of Trichoplusiani nuclear polyhedrosis virus (TNPV). Test 2 compared the same additives with Dipel WP as the active ingredient. All formulations were water based. In each test, an untreated control and the active ingredient without additives were used as checks on additive effectiveness. All plots were treated with CO2 sprayers operating at 30 psi and delivering 20 gallons of material per acre. Treatments were applied on Aug 7, 14, and 21. Pre-spray larval counts were made on Aug 7 from plants randomly selected over the entire field. Final insect counts were made on Aug 27 by making 3 whole plant counts in each plot. Larvae were classed as small, medium or large. Plant damage was also rated on this date by rating 10 plants in each plot on a 1-6 scale based on leaf loss where 1 =0-1% loss, 2 = 2-5% loss, 3 = 6-10% loss, 4- 11-21% loss, 5 = 21-50% loss, and 6 = greater than 50% loss. Ratings for the 10 plants were averaged for each plot.
Sweetcorn, Corn Earworm Control, 1980
Authors: All J. N. , Javid A.
Published: March 2022

Funks G80 was planted May 12, 1980 at the University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. The soil type was Appling sandy loam. A randomized complete block experimental design with 2 row plots x 20-ft.long x 38-inch row width x 2-ft alleys with 5 replicates was used. Plants were treated with a full cone spray using an air pressure sprayer at 30 psi in a final volume of 50 gal/A directed on the plant ears. Plots were sprayed 7 times on Jul 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14 and 16. All ears in the center 18 foot of row were examined on Jul 18 for the presence of corn earworm larvae or damage.
Flea Beetle Control in Sweet Corn, 1980
Authors: Graustein Mark , Belt Dean
Published: March 2022

This trial was conducted in a commercial sweet corn field planted on May 5. Two row by 50 ft plots were replicated 5 times. All treatments were applied on May 9 as a 7 inch band over the row using a one row Gandy applicator and incorporated using a hand rake. Twenty plants per plot (10 plants per row) were evaluated for flea beetle damage on Jun 2.
Foliar Sprays to Control Fall Armyworm in Sweet Corn, 1980
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis J. A.
Published: March 2022

‘N&K 199’ and ‘Silver Queen’ sweet corn were planted, 10 in spacing in 6 ft rows, on Jun 9. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single 25 ft long row. Insecticides were applied to the ear and areas about 15 inches above and below the ear with a D. B. Smith 5 gallon, knapsack, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 25 gal/acre (40 psi) using a spraying systems cone jet Y-8 nozzle. Treatments for ‘N&K 199’ were initiated prior to first silk on Jul 30 and continued at 2-3 day intervals thru Aug 11, a total of 6 applications overall. Two sprays were applied to ‘Silver Queen’ prior to first silk, the first on Aug 1, and continued thru Aug 15 for a total of 7 treatments. Ten ears were harvested from each .treatment replicate and checked for fall armyworms on Aug 15 for ‘N&K 199’, and on Aug 19 for ‘Silver Queen’. The following categories were selected for evaluation of fall armyworm injury: 1) Clean - no evidence of armyworms; 2) Medium - injury less than 1.5 inches below tip, ear could be clipped; 3) Severe - damage well below ear tip and of such nature that ear could not be clipped or salvaged for use; 4) Basal - shank of ear infested or damaged; 5) Salvageable ears - clean + medium.
Field Evaluation of Insecticides for Asian Corn Borer on Vegetable Corn, Pangasinan, Philippines, 1980
Authors: Litsingerand J. A. , Cruz C. G. dela , Paragna F.
Published: March 2022

Five trials on farmers’ fields evaluated 33 insecticides on vegetable corn for Asian corn borer in early monsoon season in Pao village, Manaoag municipality, Pangasinan province, Philippines. The 75-day corn variety precedes puddled rice. Corn (2-4 seeds/hill; 50-cm between hills) was planted by hand in furrows 1-m wide and received 60 kg N|/ha. The trial fields were planted 1-2 months later than the surrounding farmers’ fields in order to obtain high corn borer populations. Ridomil applied as a seed treatment (2 g ai/kg seed) ensured protection against downy mildew Sclerosporaphilippinensis Weston which normally infects late plantings. Sprays were applied 4 times in 650 l/ha spray volume by a manually operated 19-1 knapsack sprayer with a fan jet nozzle. Azodrin served as a check in each trial. Granulars were applied once by hand in the whorls. Plot size was 100 m2 in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Rainfall was 522 mm, RH averaged 85%, and the mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures were 32° and 24°C, respectively, from 20 days after crop emergence to harvest. At harvest 50 plants/plot were examined and cut open to record the number of corn borer tunnels and larvae + pupae (inside and outside the stems). Yield was based on 25 m2 . Ears were sorted by length to select those which were marketable (> 10 cm). Insect damaged ears are marketable to local consumers.
Corn Earworm Experiment, 1980
Authors: Turtle D. M. , Mullis C. H.
Published: March 2022

Pyrethroid insecticides were compared with a standard treatment (Lannate) at the Yuma Valley Experiment Station in Oct. Seed was planted on 40 inch beds Aug 20. Each plot consisted of single-row 50-ft long with 4 replicates in a randomized block design. The test area was treated Sept 11 with Diazinon (1 lb ai/acre) to control the lesser cornstalk borer. Scheduled treatments for the corn earworm were started Oct 11 (25% of the plants silking) for both the 2 and 4-day intervals. All sprays were applied at a rate of 14 gpa with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer operated at 40 psi. Evaluations were made on Oct 31 by harvesting 25 ears from each replicate. Categories selected for evaluation were: 1) clean - no damage; 2) slight -tip injury only; 3) unmarketable - extensive injury. Some fall armyworms were present with entrance and damage near the middle of the ears.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Eggplant, 1980
Authors: Muka A. A. , Heath J. L.
Published: March 2022

Each treatment consisted of two 16.5 ft rows bordered on each side by an untreated guard row and planted in a randomized complete block design. ‘Dusky’ was transplanted info the field Jun 3. The plants intended for one block were of poor quality and low vigor; only ‘Black Magic’ plants were available to replant that block on Jun 19. Applications were made on Jun 25, Jul 9, Jul 30, Aug 13 and Aug 27 with a wheel-barrow type, hand-pushed (Mater Machine Works) compressed air 2-row boom sprayer delivering 40 gallons H2O/A with 3 flat fan nozzles (8002)/row. The eggplant rows were planted 40 inches apart. Adults, larvae and egg masses of CPB were counted on ten whole plants randomly selected in each plot on each sample date. Fruits were harvested Aug 6, 13, 20, 28, 30; Sep 3, 10 and 30, weighed, counted, and individually evaluated for CPB feeding damage. Yield is reported as the total weight of fruits taken from plots over the course of 8 harvest dates. This test was conducted at Schenectady, NY where CPB populations are traditionally large and increasingly difficult to control.
Bacillus Formulations for Cabbage Looper Control on Head Lettuce, 1979
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D.
Published: March 2022

This trial was carried out at the University of Arizona, Mesa Branch Station, where the soil type is Laveen clay loam. Empire variety of lettuce (naked seed) was planted in a dry seed bed, 2 seed rows per 40 inch wide bed using a sled type planter on Aug 22, 1979. The planting was furrow irrigated, keeping the beds damp until germination took place. Average tempera-tures for this period were, maximum 101°F and minimum 72.5°F. Plants were thinned to a 12 inch spacing on Sep 24 and 25, after which the planting was cultivated, side dressed with nitrogen fertilizer and irrigated. In order to protect the seedlings after thinning the entire planting was treated with Lannate at 0.45 lbs ai/acre. Plots were laid out in a complete randomized block design with treatments replicated 4 times. Each plot was 4 beds wide, 13.3 ft by 30 ft long, representing 0.0092 acres. Four ft alleyways were left between plots lengthwise of the field. Treatments with different materials began on Sep 21, with applications being made at approximately weekly intervals. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized bak-pak sprayer having a lightweight 2 nozzle boom, with one nozzle per plant row. Each nozzle was fitted with a D-3 tip. No. 25 core and 50 mesh screen, operated at 55 psi and applying 35 gallons of spray per acre. When the plants became larger, 2 nozzles per plant row were used. Insect counts were made on 10 plants selected at random from the middle 2 beds of each plot. Each plant was examined for eggs and larvae of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusiani. At maturity the lettuce plants in the middle 2 beds of each plot were graded in the field according to commercial grades (i.e., no. 1 1/2, no. 2, and no. 2 1/2 which represents the number of heads that are packed in a standard lettuce carton).
Control of Loopers and Alfalfa Caterpillar in Peas, 1980
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Cuperus Gerrit W. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

Plots were established at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN, on peas which emerged following the disking of an early season planting. Stands were more dense than commercial plantings but relatively uniform across all plots. Plots were 21 x 60 ft, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. A tractor-drawn boom sprayer delivering 27 gal/acre at 100 psi was used to apply treatments Aug 30. Plots were sampled Sep 2 by having 4 persons intensively search each plot for 5 minutes.
European Corn Borer Control in Peppers, 1980
Authors: Graustein Mark , Whitehead Joanne
Published: March 2022

In July pepper plots were established in a commercial field located near Slaughter Neck, DE in a 24-row block of sweet cherry peppers and a 24-row block of hot banana peppers. Two row 20 ft long plots were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. All treatments were applied between Jul 21 and Sep 26 on the following schedules: Sevin and Lannate on a 7-day schedule, a reduced rate of Orthene (0.75 lb ai/acre) on a 10-day schedule, Orthene at 1 lb ai per acre every 7 days until 21 days before harvest then reduced to 0.5 lb ai per acre for three applications on a seven day schedule and the alternating of Orthene and Lannate (Orthene - 10 day interval; Lannate - 7 day interval, etc.) A wheel barrow design, CO2-pressurized sprayer using three nozzles per row (2 drop nozzles and 1 overhead) delivering 43 gal per acre at 40 psi was used to apply all treatments. Peppers were harvested on Sep 4, Sep 12, and Oct 13 at which time 50 fruit from each plot were examined for European corn borer infestation.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetles with Systemic Insecticides in White Potatoes, 1980
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. , Henninger Melvin
Published: March 2022

‘Superior’potato seed pieces were planted 10 In apart in 25 ft rows on 36 in centers in sandy loam soil on Apr 18 ‘80. In-furrow treatments were applied in a 6 in band with wheel-driven Noble applicators attached to a two-wheeled bicycle sprayer operated at 2 mph. Sidedress treatments were applied May 29 with a hand shaker 4 in out from the plants on each side of the row and lightly incorporated. Colorado potato beetles were counted on May 29; damage evaluation was determined by percent defoliation on Jun 16 and 25. Plots were harvested on Jul 15.
Insect Control on Potatoes in Northwest Ohio, 1980
Authors: Henne R. C.
Published: March 2022

‘Katahdin’ potatoes were planted May 10, at Napoleon, Ohio, in double rows, 22-ft long, 40-in row spacing, adjacent to 2 rows of transplanted tomatoes spaced on 5-ft center. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with a 20-ft space separating blocks. Foliar applications were made with a tractor mounted boom sprayer delivering 83 gal/acre at 300 psi, using hollow cone nozzles. Treatments were initiated Jun 20 and repeated on a 10-day schedule through Aug 4, for a total of 5 applications. Insect counts were taken after each application, but data are presented on potatoes for the Aug 8 record date only. Colorado potato beetle adults and larvae were counted on 1 entire row per plot, aphids were counted on 5 randomly-selected leaves, and the number of potato stems damaged by European corn borer was recorded for 5 hills in the center of each plot. Potatoes were harvested Sep 8 and graded marketable and small (under 2-in diameter).
Wireworm Control on Potatoes, 1980
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 24 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rose-mount, Minnesota. The soil is a Waukegan silt loam. The field had previously been several years in bluegrass sod. Plots were 2 rows, 60-ft long, 40-in row spacing, with a control plot on either side of 2 treatments. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with 8 replications. Treatments were applied in-furrow at planting with a planter-mounted granular applicator. Potatoes were harvested Oct 9, washed, counted, and scored for wireworm injury.
Potato Pest Control, Aerial Trials, 1980
Authors: Radcliffe Edward B. , Cranshaw Whitney S. , Johnston Richard L. , Cuperus Gerrit W.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 24 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rose-mount, MN. Plots were 12 rows, 48-ft long, with 40-in row spacing, replicated at 3 random intervals along the flight path of the aircraft. Sprays were applied Jul 15, 21, 28, Aug 5, 19, and 26 by a fixed-wing agricultural spray aircraft delivering 5 gal/acre at 33 psi. Potato leafhopper (PLH) nymphs and green peach aphid (GPA) apterae were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves randomly selected from each plot.
Mole Cricket Control in Tomato, 1980
Authors: Schuster David J.
Published: March 2022

Tomato plants were set February 28, 1.5 ft apart on 30 in wide by 8 in high plastic mulched beds of Myakka fine sand. Insecticide was not applied but beds were fumigated with 350 lb/acre of Dowfutne MC-33 prior to covering with plastic. Bacillusthuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner (Dipel) was applied weekly for insect control on foliage. Sand-filled screen troughs (2 ft long x 6 in x 6 in) were buried flush lengthwise with the top of the beds in 5 ft sections of row which had not been planted. Troughs were spaced 18.5 ft apart within 3 rows spaced 4.5 ft apart. Eight insecticide treatments were randomly applied to 8 troughs of each of 2 replicates on Apr 11 and 2 more replicates on Apr 18. One trough in each replicate was untreated. Soil temperature, moisture and pH at 1.5 In depth at treatment were 91°F, 13.7% and 6.3, respectively, for the first 2 replicates and 9l°F, 16.9% and 6.6/ respectively, for the second 2 replicates. Immediately preceding treatment, 10 field-collected adult mole crickets were placed in each trough. Screen lids were attached following treatment and troughs were covered with the plastic mulch. Six days later, the number of living and dead or moribund crickets were determined for each trough. Percent mortality was calculated using Abbott’s formula and values were transformed arcsinV%/100 prior to analysis.
Potato Pest Control with Foliar Insecticidal Sprays, 1981
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 19, at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Dakota Co., MN. Treatments were applied to 4 row plots, 40 ft long, with 40 inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Two untreated rows separated each plot. Chlorothalonil fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendations from Jul 2. Insecticides were applied Jul 15, Jul 29, Aug 12, and Aug 31, in 76 gal water/acre at ca 150 psi. A tractor-drawn boom sprayer with 3 drop nozzles/row was used. Potato leafhopper nymphs, green peach aphid and potato aphid apterae were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves from the center 2 rows of each plot. Counts were made the day before and the day after spraying, except that no pre-spray count was made for the Jul 15 application.
Sprinkler Irrigation System Applied Insecticides Control Colorado Potato Beetle, 1981
Authors: Sandvol Larry , Longley T. S. , Wheeler Steven
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 5 in 36 inch rows in declo silt loam soil. Plots were 40 ft by 40 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was irrigated by 4 sprinkler heads. Plots were separated by 60 ft border zones. Beetles were allowed to invade and multiply naturally. One and six tenths inch of water were applied at the rate of 0.20 inches per hr during each set. Clearing time was 28 min from Rep I to Rep IV. Materials were injected into the irrigation system at the beginning of the last half hr of an 8 hr irrigation set. Injection time was 15 min. Pre- and post-application counts were made of Colorado potato beetles by recording total numbers of adult beetles observed in 40 ft of row.
Effect of Insecticides on Squash Bug Oviposition on Squash Interplanted with Other Vegetables, 1981
Authors: Latheef M. A. , Ortiz John H.
Published: March 2022

‘Early Prolific Straight Neck’ summer squash was planted on Jun 4 at Virginia State University’s Randolph Farm, Chesterfield Co., VA. Soil type was a Goldsboro fine sandy loam. The field plots were arranged as a randomized complete block design with 4 rows, each 10-ft long. Squash was planted in one of these rows while col lard, pepper and eggplant were planted in the remaining 3 rows. These plots were replicated 4 times with 5-ft alleys between plots. Squash was treated 2 wks after planting with a piston pump sprayer mounted with a single hollow cone nozzle. Spray solutions were prepared at the rate of 100 gallons/acre. Spraying was initiated on May 20 and was continued at biweekly intervals thereafter. Spraying was concluded on Aug 12 with a total of 7 sprayings. Three plants were uprooted from each treatment on Aug 10, two days before the 7th spraying and eggs were counted on a leaf by leaf basis. Similar data were taken on Aug 20, one wk after the 7th spraying.
Control of Heliothis Spp. on Tomatoes in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, 1976-80
Authors: Harding James A. , Browning H. W.
Published: March 2022

Experiments were conducted on ‘Saladette’ tomatoes planted on every other bed for furrow irrigation with centers 1 meter apart. Plots were 2 beds wide by 10.8 meters long with 1.67 meter alleyways between blocks. Each test was arrangd as a randomized complete block having each treatment replicated 3 or 4 times. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted, CO2-powered sprayer operated at 4 mph and 30 psi. Three flat-fan nozzles approximately 0.3 meters above the plants and 0.5 meters apart on the boom were directed downward spraying a broadcast pattern which simulated aerial application. This system delivered 47.2 liters of formulation per hectare. Coverage appeared adequate. Treatments were initiated when infestations became sufficient for small plot testing. Plants were blooming heavily and had the first, small fruit set when treatments were begun. Insect damage was recorded from 50 large fruit from the middles of each plot on each evaluation date. Evaluations were accomplished by a thorough examination of each fruit after removal of the calyx. An average of 62% H. zea and 38% H. virescens were recorded from the plots.
Foliar Sprays to Control the Tomato Fruitworm on Tomatoes, 1981
Authors: Linduska James J.
Published: March 2022

‘UC-134’ tomatoes were direct seeded in single row plots, 25 ft in length, on Jun 15. Distance between rows was 6 ft. When plants were 2-3 inches tall they were thinned so as to provide clumps of 3 tomato plants spaced 12 inches apart. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gallons of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/A at 90 psi. Treatments were applied Sep 8, 15 and 25. On Sep 30 the plots were harvested and 100 fruit/treatment/replication were examined for injury. Yield were taken from a 10 ft section of row.
Lepidopterous Larvae and Vegetable Leafminer Control on Fresh Market Bush Tomatoes, 1981
Authors: Steenwyk R. A. Van , Hayashi J. T.
Published: March 2022

An experimental tomato planting C7718VF’) was transplanted on Jul 14 at the University of California south Coast Field Station, Santa ana, CA. Insecticide treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Replicates were 4 rows wide (5 ft centers) by 25 ft long with 5 ft buffers between replicates. Insecticides were applied weekly from aug 18 through Oct 6 (8 applications) by a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 6 nozzles/row at an operating pressure of 100 psi and delivery rate of 100 gal/ acre. Nozzles were hollow cone, D3 orifice, 25 cores and 50 mesh screen. All treatments included 0.02% spreader-sticker (Leaf Act). Vegetable leafminer control was monitored by placing 1 pupae tray/replicate and counting all pupae twice a week from Sep 3 through Oct 8. Lepidopterous larval control was monitored by harvesting 250 mature fruit/replicate from the center 2 rows on oct 13 and inspecting the fruit for tomato pinworm damage, external damage (primarily beet armyworm) and internal damage (primarily tomato fruitworm). Data were analyzed by DMRT at 5% probability level. Arcsin transformation was performed before analysis on mean percent lepidopterous infestation.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae and Leafminers on Tomatoes, 1981
Authors: Trumble J. T. , Nakakihara H.
Published: March 2022

‘Peto-seed 7718VS’ tomato seedlings were transplanted on Jul 14 at the University of California South Coast Field Station in Santa Ana, CA. Experimental plots were 4 rows wide (1.52 meter centers) by 7.0 meters long and separated by a 1.52 meter buffer. The tomato planting was drip irrigated. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied weekly from Aug 25 through oct 6 for a total of 7 applications. A tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 6 nozzles/row was used to apply insecticides at 935 liters/ha and 100 psi. The hollow cone nozzles incorporated D3 orifice disks, #25 cores and 50 mesh screens. All treatments included 0.04% spreader-sticker (Leaf Act 40). Leafminer populations were evaluated from weekly counts of larvae, puparia and pupae in 2 pupal trays/replicate from Aug 28 through Oct 1. On Oct 8, 200 mature-green to ripe fruit were harvested from the center 2 rows of each replicate and examined for internal damage (primarily fruitworm), external damage (primarily beet armyworm), and tomato pinworms.
Evaluation of Insecticides Used on Demand for Control of the Southern Armyworm, 1981
Authors: Waddil Van
Published: March 2022

Plots were direct seeded Jan 9 in Rockdale soil. Plots were thinned to one plant per foot. Each plot was a single row’on 6 ft centers, 15 ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using black plastic mulch and overhead irrigation. There were 4 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on demand based on weekly insect counts. Normally, the following insects are present during the winter-spring crop: tomato pinworm, southern armyworm, cabbage looper, tomato fruitworm, and vegetable leafminer. Ten plants per plot were examined for southern armyworm, tomato fruitworm and cabbage looper. Tomato pinworm counts were taken by examining for mines on the first 3 fully expanded leaves from the terminal on 10 plants per plot.
Alfalfa Insect Control Studies, 1980
Authors: Arnett W. Harold
Published: March 2022

An 8 yr old stand of Ranger alfalfa located at the Newland’s Field Station, Fallon, NV was used for this study. Treatments were applied at near full bud stage when 30-40% of the plants were showing alfalfa weevil damage. Plots were 25 x 50 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Sprays were applied with a CO2 activated plot sprayer calibrated to deliver 25.0 gpa at 30 psi. Treatments were made on May 16, 1980. Post-treatment counts were taken on May 19, 23, and 30 were based on 10 sweeps of a standard net from each replicate.
Alfalfa Seed Pre-Bloom Treatment, 1981
Authors: Arnett W. Harold
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted on a commercial field of seed alfalfa at Lovelock, NV. Spray treatments were applied by fixed wing aircraft to 20 acre blocks with a 20 acre block left untreated. Applications were made on May 22, 1981 with each material and rate applied in a total volume of 10 gpa. Treatments were applied when alfalfa was in full bud and before pollinator activity. Each of the treated and untreated blocks were divided into 4 equal parts with post-treatment samples consisting of 10 sweeps from each of these being taken on May 25, 29 and Jun 5.
Alfalfa Insect Control in Oklahoma, 1980-81
Authors: Berberet Richard , Sander Douglas , Mussett Kevin
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were evaluated on 5 x 10 m plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Applications were made with ground equipment using a spray volume of 20 gpa. Treatments were applied in the first crop of alfalfa on Apr 18, 1980 (Test 1) and on Mar 10, 1981 (Test 2). Insect populations were sampled at 3 intervals after application. Ten-sweep samples were taken in each plot for each sampling date in 1980 and numbers of alfalfa weevil larvae and pea aphids were recorded. Due to much smaller size of alfalfa at the time of treatment in 1981, 25 stems/plot were clipped at the soil surface. Stems were brushed, then processed in ‘Berlese’ funnels to remove all weevil larvae and spotted alfalfa aphids for counting.
Alfalfa Insecticides Evaluation, 1981
Authors: Karner Miles A. , Kehr W. R.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted at the University of Nebraska Agronomy farm, Mead, NE. The field was a second yr stand of ‘Baker’ alfalfa. Plots were 2.74 x 4.52 m, arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. A single application of 5 insecticides at various rates was appliedjon May 15. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 activated pressure sprayer calibrated to deliver 140.3 liter/ha at 1.41 kg/cm and equipped with a 1.7 m boom with 4 N.F. number 12 nozzles. The inner 0.91 x 4.52 m strip of each plot was sampled twice, 7 days and 14 days post-treatment, taking 5 sweeps per plot with a 38.1 cm dia insect net. Plots were hearvested on May 29. Yields per plot were converted to kg dry matter/hectare.
Field Corn, Black Cutworm Rescue Treatments, 1981
Authors: Levine Eli
Published: March 2022

A field evaluation of registered and experimental insecticides to control a natural infestation of black cutworm larvae was conducted at Salem, IL (Marion County). Corn (Sun Prairie 250) was planted in 30 inch rows at a plant population of 24,000 in late Apr. Treatments were applied on May 7 at which time corn seedlings were in the 1-2 leaf stage and the frequency distribution of black cutworm larval instars was 45.8%, 50.0%, and 4.2% for 6th (final instar), 5th, and 4th instars, respectively. Larvae had cut 7.8% of the seedlings by this time. Liquid insecticides were applied with a CO2 back-pack sprayer equipped with a 1 nozzle wand for band application (even flat fan nozzle, 4.1 ft/sec, 20 psi, 10 gal of wafer/acre) or a 4 nozzle boom for broadcast application (flat fan nozzles, 3.7 ft/sec, 20 psi, 20 gal of water/acre). Granular insecticides were evenly broadcast by hand. Each treatment consisted of 3 rows x 50 ft. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications/treatment. Existing cut plants were marked at treatment.
Early Season Control of Southern Corn Rootworm in Field Corn, 1981
Authors: Riley Thomas J.
Published: March 2022

Soil insecticides to control larvae of the southern corn rootworm were evaluated in 2 tests in LA. In Test 1, ‘Pioneer 3147’ was planted Apr 15 and in Test 2, ‘Pioneer 3369-A’ was planted Apr 28. The tests were conducted at the LSU St. Gabriel Agricultural Experiment Station, Iberville Parish. Insecticides were applied using a 2 row John Deere Model 71 FIexi-PIanter, modified by positioning pint jars, calibrated to deliver the desired rates of insecticides, above the delivery tubes. Corn seeds were planted in a conventional manner at the same time. Banded materials were applied ahead of the press wheel with no further incorporation. A completely randomized block design was used with 4 replications. Each treatment consisted of 2 x 50 ft rows spaced 36 inches apart. Twenety ft alleys separated each replication. Treatments were evaluated by counting dead and dying, and undamaged plants in 40 ft of row. Evaluation of both tests was conducted May 11, 25 and 13 days post-planting, respectively. The soil type at both test sites is a clay-loam, Mississippi River alluvial soil having moderate to poor drainage.
Control of Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Cotton, 1981
Authors: Conley Jim , Luttrell R. G.
Published: March 2022

Two full season studies were conducted at the Plant Science Research Farm of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS, to determine the efficacy of various insecticides in controlling Heliothis spp. larvae on cotton. Plots were planted with ‘Stoneville 213’ cotton on May 21. All plots were replicated 4 times and were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 4 row (0.91 m) x 30.48 m long with 2 buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied with a boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 56 liters/ha at 2.46 kg/cm through 2 TX-4 nozzles/row.
Chemical Control of the Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1981
Authors: Price Richard , Young Jerry , Mussett Kevin , Pinkston Ken , King Ed
Published: March 2022

Cascot B-2 was planted on May 25 at the South Central Research Station, Chickasha, OK at 20 lb/acre. Eight row plots, 200 ft long, were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Spray applications were made with a John Deere Hi-cycle 6000 sprayer traveling at a speed of 4.5 mph at 40 psi. The John Deere spraying unit was replaced with a Marco system equipped with a roller pump powered by a 3 hp Briggs and Stratton gasoline engine. Insecticide applications consisted of 5 gal total spray mixture per acre, with 1 #8 (Spraying Systems) nozzle per row. Applications were made on Aug 4, 14, 20 and 27 for test 1 and on Aug 8, 14, 19 and 27 for test 2. Intervals between applications ranged from 6 to 10 days. Plots were irrigated with approximately 1 inch of water on Jul 17 and 25. Rainfall during the treatment period was as follows: Aug 7, 1.20 inch; Aug 12, 0.65 inch; Aug 13, 0.22 inch; Aug 16, 1.42 inch; Aug 27, 0.12 inch; and Sep 1, 1.18 inch for a total of 4.79 inches.
Control of Spider Mites on Cotton, 1981
Authors: Wynholds Paul F. , Leigh Thomas F.
Published: March 2022

Acaracides were applied to Acala SJ-2 cotton planted Apr 5 near Five Points, CA, in rows spaced at 40 inches. Individual plots were 8 rows wide and 100 ft long. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design and applied Aug 13. Applications were made by high clearance sprayer equipped with drop booms using 5 solid cone nozzles per row delivering 47 gal/acre at 40 psi. Mainstem leaves (fifth unfolded leaf below mainstem terminal) were sampled on 3 post-treatment dates and processed through a sodium hypochlorite wash system. Counts were made of adult females of the Tetranychid complex as they represent a consistent proportion of the total population. Mite counts were transformed by x + 0.5 for statistical analysis.
Thrips Control in Peanuts, 1981
Authors: Rohlfs W. M. , Mack T. P. , Starling J. G. , Hays K. L.
Published: March 2022

This field test was conducted at the Wiregrass substation in Headland, AL. Eight treatments and an untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each o.f the 0.01 acre plots was 4 rows wide 936 inch row spacing) and 37 ft long. Plots were treated on May 13, 1981. Treatments, applied on May 13, were seed treatments, in furrow at planting applications, and a combination of in-furrow at planting, and sidedress application at the seedling stage. Sidedress applications were made with a tractor-mounted 2 row electric granular applicator. Plots were examined on Jun 12 rated for thrips damage, stand density and insecticide burn. Thrips damage was rated in a 0-5 scale with 0 being no damage and 5 being severe damage. Stand density was measured as the number of plants in 1 yard of row (maximum rating was 10). Burn was rated in a 0-5 scale with 0 equalling no burn and 5 equalling death of the plant.
Foliar Applications of Insecticides for Control of Chinch Bugs on Grain Sorghum, 1980
Authors: Kindler S. D. , Cobia L. R.
Published: March 2022

In all tests, located adjacent to wheat fields infested with chinch bugs, sprays were applied at 30 psi and 30 gal/acre through a boom fitted with 1 top nozzle and 2 drop nozzles/row. Treatments were replicated 3 times in complete randomized block designs. Each plot in tests 1 and 2 was 3 rows wide and 15 ft long while in test 3 each plot was 2 rows wide and 30 ft long. In test 1, sprays were applied on Jul 10 when the sorghum was ca 15 inches to the whorl and chinch bugs were counted 1 and 3 days later on 10 plants in each plot. In test 2, sprays were applied on Jul 11 when the sorghum was ca 11 inches to the whorl, and chinch bugs were counted on 5 plants in each plot 12 hr and 2 days later. Also, a cage was placed over 3 to 4 adjacent plants in each plot of 1 replicate 2 days after application and ca 1000 chinch bugs were put in each cage. Live chinch bugs in each cage were counted 24 hr later. Five days after application, the plants in each cage were again infested with ca 1000 chinch bugs and the live bugs in each cage were counted a day later. In test 3, sprays were applied on Jul 7 when the sorghum was ca 12 inches to the whorl, and chinch bugs were counted on 5 plants in each plot 12 hr and 5 days after application. In tests 2 and 3, the number of dead and barren plants in each plot was determined in late Jul after the chinch bugs had dispersed.
Apple, Insect and Mite Control, 1981
Authors: Hull Larry A.
Published: March 2022

Ground and foliar applications of insecticides were applied to single-tree plots (6 yrs old) in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of ,Stayman’ and 2 replicates of ‘York Imperial’. The Temik treatments were applied by hand on Apr 9 and incorporated with an orchard rake. The amitraz treatments were applied on May 14 using a handgun from a John Bean high pressure sprayer. General sprays of cyprex, captan, sulfur and Guthion were made at ca 2 week intervals during the season. Average temperatures were: Apr 53.2 F, May 59.9 F, Jun 69.9 F, Jul 73.2 F and Aug 70.0 F. Rainfall in inches averaged: Apr 3.23, May 3.17, Jun 4.11, Jul 2.79 and Aug 4.08. Effectiveness on the various mite species was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100/treatment. The effect of the insecticides on WALH was determined by counting the number of nymphs on 25 leaves/tree. Effectiveness on AA and RAA was evaluated by counting the number of infested leaves/10 terminals/tree and the number of infested leaves on the whole tree, respectively. Pest pressure was heavy throughout the season.
Mexican Bean Beetle Control in Soybeans, 1980
Authors: Hellman John L. , Curtis William , Hochmuth Robert , Linduska James
Published: March 2022

Essex variety of soybeans were planted on May 16 in 30 Inch rows in Queen Anne’s County, MD. Treatment plots were 4 x 15 ft rows arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied on Sep 8 with a back pack sprayer hand-held CO2 pressure boom sprayer calibrated to deliver 14 gpa at 40 psi with hollow cone nozzles. Populations at time of treatment were light, and most larvae (ca 80%) were pupating. Post-treatment larval counts were taken 24 hr after treatment. Each count consisted of 2 random 3 ft shake cloth samples taken within the center 2 rows of the plot.
Podworm, Soybean Looper, and Green Cloverworm Control on Soybeans with Synthetic Pyrethroids and

Baciilus

Thuringiensis

, 1981
Authors: Herbert D. A. , Harper James D.
Published: March 2022

Test 1 A field trial was initiated on Aug 26 at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn University near Tallassee, AL following the discovery of a substantial population of target pest species. One hundredth acre plots were utilized (36 ft by 4 rows wide, with 40 inch row spacing) and were treated with materials applied with a CO2-powered knapsack sprayer, calibrated to deliver 22 gal/acre at 27 psi using three D2-25 disc core type hollow cone spray Tips per row. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. Pre-spray larval counts were taken 1 day prior to treatment, and evaluations made at 1 and 4 days post-spray. All samples were taken by the shake cloth method, one 6 ft sample/plot, and returned to the laboratory for assessment and tabulation. Test 2 A 2nd field trial was initiated adjacent to Test 1 on Sep 1. One-third acre (ca) plots (10 rows x 368 ft) were treated using a John Deere high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gal/a with 3 TX8 nozzles/row, operating at 60 psi and 2 mph. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. Pre-spray larval counts were taken on Aug 31, and post-spray evaluations were made on Sep 8 and 14. Larval populations were estimated by taking one 3-ft shake cloth sample/plot.
Soybean Insecticide-Fungicide Seed Treatments, 1981
Authors: Lentz Gary L.
Published: March 2022

Bedford variety soybean was treated Dec 11 in the laboratory by adding pesticide solutions to seed rotating in a ball mill. Treated seeds were planted Jun 11 in 2 row plots, 10 ft long, on Calloway silt loam at the West Tennessee Experiment Station, Jackson, TN. Treatments were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Post-treatment counts were made for bean leaf beetles and southern corn rootworms on Jun 30 from 20 row ft when plants were in stage V2 Stand counts were made after insect counts. Plots were harvested Nov 12.
Bean Leaf Beetle Control in Soybeans, 1981
Authors: Mullins Walton , Gallaher Martin L.
Published: March 2022

Bedford variety was planted ca Jun 15 in a silt loam soil on the University of Missouri Lee Farm near PortageviIle, M0. Eight row plots, 25 ft long, were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied Sep 16 at a rate of 5 gal/acre, 40 psi, 1 nozzle/row with a Hahn high-clearance sprayer. Four m of row was sampled (drop cloth method) at 24 and 48 hr post-treatment.
Flea Beetle Control with Soil Applied Insecticides, 1981
Authors: Jones G. A. , Knipper E. T
Published: March 2022

Burley tobacco variety Ky 14 was transplanted Jun 19 in Maury silt loam soil at a spacing of 18 inches within the row. Individual plots were 5 rows x 30 ft. Row spacing was 42 inches and plots were separated by 2 skip rows. Experimental design was randomized complete block with 3 replications. Fertilization consisted of 200 lb/acre of 5-10-15, broadcast 1 day prior to transplanting. Weed control was by pebulate at 2.0 lb ai/acre pre-transplanting. Granular chemicals were applied with a Cyclone seeder and liquid chemicals were applied with a CO2 sprayer which had 4 nozzles and was operated at a ground speed so as to apply the material in water at 25 gal/acre. All materials were applied prior to transplanting and incorporated to a depth of 2 inches with a disk harrow. Plots were not irrigated but rainfall was sufficient for good quality and production. Carbofuran 10G was used as the the standard for comparisons. At present, carbofuran 4F and disulfoton 15G also have federal registration for use on burley.
Orthene Spray to Control Flea Beetle and Green Peach Aphid on Burley Tobacco, 1979
Authors: Jones G. A. , Knipper E. T
Published: March 2022

Burley tobacco ‘Ky 14’ was transplanted Jun 12 at Northfarm, Lexington, in silt loam soil. At transplanting, 6 row plots measuring 21.7 ft x 30 ft were replicated 4 times per treatment in a randomized block design. The spray schedule included 5 different treatments: 1) sprayed at transplant only; 2) sprayed weekly during each of the first 3 weeks following transplanting; 3) sprayed mid-season at time of growth regulator application; 4) sprayed every week; 5) sprayed bi-weekly; and 6) not sprayed at all (check). Orthene was applied at 0.75 lb ai/acre by a TX 12 nozzle Hahn Hi-Boy at 35 lb pressure which produced 30 gal/acre. Insects were counted on 5 plants in each of the 2 center rows of each plot. A growth regulator was applied with the same equipment Aug 15. Twenty-four plants were harvested from each plot Sep 5 and yields of cured tobacco were measured Dec 11