bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
City‐Level Virtual Groundwater Flows in Northern China and the Effect of Agricultural Relocation on Alleviating Groundwater Scarcity
Authors: Cai Beiming , Jiang Ling , Liu Yu , Zhang Zhuoying , Hu Xi , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2023

North China faces severe groundwater overdraft because of unsustainable groundwater use. However, consumers of local groundwater have rarely been precisely delineated. As such, identifying external consumers of groundwater‐intensive products may promote targeted policies from the consumption side, especially for the most water‐scarce Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei (BTH) metropolitan area, which has important links to food security and groundwater overdraft across North China. In this study, we revealed the prefecture city‐level virtual groundwater flows in the BTH region for, to our knowledge, the first time by compiling a nested multiregional input‐output table with 13 BTH cities and 28 Chinese provinces outside BTH in 2012. Our results showed that >50% of groundwater use in BTH cities was driven by agricultural supply for outside provinces, significantly exceeding the local demand of 38.8%. In addition, we simulated different scenarios that focused on redistributing the original agricultural production of the BTH region to other northern provinces. We found that these redistribution strategies would lead to 13%–67% groundwater savings relative to total groundwater use in the BTH region in 2012. Moreover, our results also indicated that BTH cities would save groundwater under higher stress in exchange for increased groundwater use in provinces under lower stress. These findings can be utilized to optimize the agricultural distribution and groundwater conservation policies in other regions or countries facing agriculture‐induced groundwater overdraft issues.
Current Agriculture Adds More Phosphorus to Streams Than to Lakes
Authors: Fritts Rachel
Published: August 2023

Improved agricultural nutrient management could improve stream water quality by reducing phosphorus levels, but rising temperatures and rainfall due to climate change might offset improvements.
Convective Self‐Aggregation Occurs Without Radiative Feedbacks in Warm Climates
Authors: Yao Lin , Yang Da
Published: August 2023

Previous research showed that radiative feedbacks are essential to the spontaneous development of convective aggregation (CSA) in idealized atmosphere models. We find that the contribution of radiative feedbacks decreases with warming and that, in warm climates, CSA occurs without radiative feedbacks. We perform 2D simulations in different climates using a cloud‐resolving model and use a layerwise moist static energy (LMSE) framework to quantify the contribution of radiative feedbacks to the increase of LMSE variance, which characterizes the development of CSA. The result shows that positive radiative contribution dominates the LMSE variance production when SST is below 300 K; when SST exceeds 300 K, adiabatic contribution shifts from negative to positive and dominates the variance production. Then we turn off radiative feedbacks by horizontally homogenizing radiative heating rates at all model levels. CSA still occurs in warmer climates (310–320 K). This result agrees with the LMSE diagnosis and additional 3D simulations.
Refractive Index of Engine‐Emitted Black Carbon and the Influence of Organic Coatings on Optical Properties
Authors: Hu Dawei , Alfarra M. Rami , Szpek Kate , Langridge Justin M. , Cotterell Michael I. , Flynn Michael J. , Shao Yunqi , Voliotis Aristeidis , Du Mao , Liu Dantong , Johnson Ben , McFiggans Gordon , Haywood Jim M. , Coe Hugh , Allan James
Published: August 2023

Refractive indices (RI) of particles are important in determining their radiative forcing. We measured optical coefficients of particles classified according to their aerodynamic diameter, allowing retrieval of RI using a Mie model. At 405 nm, the RI of BC from a diesel engine was 1.870 (±0.132) + 0.640 (±0.015) i. The RI of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), using α‐pinene and o‐cresol as precursors, were 1.584 ± 0.015 and 1.738 (±0.021) + 0.0316 (±0.0018) i, respectively. Neither SOAs demonstrated absorption at 660 nm and their RIs were 1.551 ± 0.011 and 1.586 ± 0.011, the similar value suggesting that a single RI may be sufficient for simulating the radiative forcing of SOA at this wavelength. In addition, organics were condensed onto BC to test optical models for coated particles. For BC particles coated with non‐absorbing organics, the extinction is predicted accurately by all models. The absorption is significantly over‐estimated by core‐shell, volume mixing, and effective medium approximations and under‐estimated by external mixing. For BC particles coated with weakly absorbing organics, the extinction and absorption are best described by external mixing when the coating ratio is less than 2.5. When the coating ratio is over 2.5, the difference between the external mixing predictions and measurements increases with the coating ratio. Our results show that the absorption of coated BC particles may not be predicted accurately based solely on the equivalent diameter, coating ratio, and pure component RIs, and considerations of additional factors such as morphology may be necessary.
Suppresion of Log‐Periodic Dipole Antenna Spurious Radiation by Lumped Element Loading for Radioastronomical Application
Authors: Kyriakou Georgios , Bolli Pietro , Mezzadrelli Lorenzo
Published: August 2023

Log‐Periodic Dipole Antennas have been known to provide good performance over large fractional bandwidths. However, optimized designs of log‐periodic antennas, in particular for radioastronomy and remote sensing, need to tackle the spurious radiation of secondary dipole harmonics that can compromise the gain smoothness and therefore the ability to detect natural spectral features emitted by the probed sources. A new, low‐cost method applicable also at a post‐design stage is proposed in this paper, which relies on loading some of the dipoles with appropriate lumped circuit elements in order to avoid this unwanted feature while preserving the desired performance characteristics. Application is found on the log‐periodic dipole antenna selected for the low‐frequency instrument of the SKA (Square Kilometer Array), and general guidelines are described for other designs. An experimental test using a transmitting VHF antenna and the antenna under test with new RLC loaded dipoles confirms our solution.
Palmitoleic acid as a coordinating molecule between the invasive pinewood nematode and its newly associated fungi
Authors: Ning Jing , Gu Xiaoting , Zhou Jiao , Zhang Hongxia , Sun Jianghua , Zhao Lilin
Published: August 2023

Symbiotic microorganisms are ubiquitous on the body surface or internal tissues of invertebrates, providing them with benefits. Developing symbiotic relationships requires synchronization of developmental stages and physical proximity of partners. Therefore, the identification of metabolites that coordinate the reproduction of symbiotic partners is essential. This study demonstrates that palmitoleic acid (C16: 1) coordinates bilateral propagation by regulating the synchronization of reproduction between the invasive pinewood nematode (PWN) and its newly associated blue-stain fungus, Sporothrix sp.1. When the PWN fed on Sporothrix sp.1, there was a significant increase in lipid metabolism gene expression and metabolite abundance. Through further investigations, it highlighted a significant enhancement in the reproduction of the PWN through direct acquisition of C16: 1, which was abundantly present in Sporothrix sp.1. Furthermore, the PWN biosynthesized C16: 1 through the involvement of the stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase gene fat-5 and its hormone nuclear receptor nhr-80, which was clarified to promote the egg-laying capacity of females. Moreover, it is worth noting that the production of C16: 1 was significantly higher by the associated fungus Sporothrix sp.1 to enhance sporulation during the spore formation phase compared to the hypha growth phase. Thus, by coordinating the fecundity and spore production, the key lipid metabolite C16: 1 facilitates the rapid and successful colonization of a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship between the invasive PWN and the native Sporothrix sp.1 within the host. This finding emphasizes the significant role of metabolite sharing and its function in promoting partner synchronization within symbiotic relationships.
A national survey of supervised toothbrushing programmes in England
Authors: Gray-Burrows Kara A. , Day Peter F. , El-Yousfi Sarab , Lloyd Ellen , Hudson Kristian , Marshman Zoe
Published: August 2023

Introduction Supervised toothbrushing programmes (STPs) are a cost-effective public health intervention, reducing tooth decay and health inequalities in children. However, the uptake of STPs in England is unknown. This study aimed to establish the current provision of STPs across England and summarise the barriers and facilitators to their implementation.

Methods An online survey was sent to dental public health consultants, local authority (LA) oral health leads, and public health practitioners across England. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Barriers and facilitators were analysed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Results Information was received for 141 LAs across England. Approximately half implemented an STP (n = 68/141). Most STPs were commissioned by LAs (n = 44/68) and adopted a targeted approach (n = 54/68). Barriers to implementation were: 1) acquiring funding; 2) poor communication and engagement between LAs, oral health providers and settings; 3) oral health not a priority; 4) logistically challenging to implement; and 5) lack of capacity. Facilitators were: 1) an integrated and mandated public health approach; 2) collaboration and ongoing support between LAs, oral health providers, and settings; 3) clarity of guidance; 4) flexible approach to delivery; 5) adequate available resources; and 6) ownership and empowerment of setting staff.

Conclusion The current provision of STPs is varied, and although there are challenges to their implementation, there are also areas of good practice where these challenges have been overcome.
The cost of electrifying all households in 40 Sub-Saharan African countries by 2030
Authors: Egli Florian , Agutu Churchill , Steffen Bjarne , Schmidt Tobias S.
Published: August 2023

Electrifying sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) requires major investments and policy intervention. Existing analyses focus on the levelized cost of electricity at aggregate levels, leaving the feasibility and affordability of reaching Sustainable Development Goal #7 – access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all – by country unclear. Here, we use the electrification model OnSSET to estimate granular and spatially explicit levelized costs of electricity and costs per person per day (pp/d) for 40 countries in SSA. We find that solar-powered mini-grids and standalone systems drastically lower the cost of electrifying remote and high-cost areas, particularly for lower tiers of electrification. On average, least-cost electrification in SSA at Tier 3 (ca. 365 kWh/household/year), can be provided at 14c USD/kWh or 7c USD pp/d. These results are sensitive to demand assumptions, for example, misguided electrification planning or oversizing due to overestimated demand can lead to substantial cost increases. Our results highlight large variances within countries, which we propose to visualise using electrification cost curves by country. Policymakers should consider such cost curves and use a tailored approach by country and region to reach SDG7 in SSA.
Simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging of pH, perfusion and renal filtration using hyperpolarized 13C-labelled Z-OMPD
Authors: Grashei Martin , Wodtke Pascal , Skinner Jason G. , Sühnel Sandra , Setzer Nadine , Metzler Thomas , Gulde Sebastian , Park Mihyun , Witt Daniela , Mohr Hermine , Hundshammer Christian , Strittmatter Nicole , Pellegata Natalia S. , Steiger Katja , Schilling Franz
Published: August 2023

pH alterations are a hallmark of many pathologies including cancer and kidney disease. Here, we introduce [1,5-13C2]Z-OMPD as a hyperpolarized extracellular pH and perfusion sensor for MRI which allows to generate a multiparametric fingerprint of renal disease status and to detect local tumor acidification. Exceptional long T1 of two minutes at 1 T, high pH sensitivity of up to 1.9 ppm per pH unit and suitability of using the C1-label as internal frequency reference enables pH imaging in vivo of three pH compartments in healthy rat kidneys. Spectrally selective targeting of both 13C-resonances enables simultaneous imaging of perfusion and filtration in 3D and pH in 2D within one minute to quantify renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rates and renal pH in healthy and hydronephrotic kidneys with superior sensitivity compared to clinical routine methods. Imaging multiple biomarkers within a single session renders [1,5-13C2]Z-OMPD a promising new hyperpolarized agent for oncology and nephrology.
Carrier-envelope phase on-chip scanner and control of laser beams
Authors: Hanus Václav , Fehér Beatrix , Csajbók Viktória , Sándor Péter , Pápa Zsuzsanna , Budai Judit , Wang Zilong , Paul Pallabi , Szeghalmi Adriana , Dombi Péter
Published: August 2023

The carrier-envelope phase (CEP) is an important property of few-cycle laser pulses, allowing for light field control of electronic processes during laser-matter interactions. Thus, the measurement and control of CEP is essential for applications of few-cycle lasers. Currently, there is no robust method for measuring the non-trivial spatial CEP distribution of few-cycle laser pulses. Here, we demonstrate a compact on-chip, ambient-air, CEP scanning probe with 0.1 µm3 resolution based on optical driving of CEP-sensitive ultrafast currents in a metal−dielectric heterostructure. We successfully apply the probe to obtain a 3D map of spatial changes of CEP in the vicinity of an oscillator beam focus with pulses as weak as 1 nJ. We also demonstrate CEP control in the focal volume with a spatial light modulator so that arbitrary spatial CEP sculpting could be realized.
Suppressing electron-phonon coupling in organic photovoltaics for high-efficiency power conversion
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Li Yixin , Liu Feng , Wang Wenxuan , Su Wenli , Liu Wuyue , Liu Songjun , Zhang Wenkai , Hou Jianhui , Xu Shengjie , Yi Yuanping , Zhu Xiaozhang
Published: August 2023

The nonradiative energy loss (∆Enr) is a critical factor to limit the efficiency of organic solar cells. Generally, strong electron-phonon coupling induced by molecular motion generates fast nonradiative decay and causes high ∆Enr. How to restrict molecular motion and achieve a low ∆Enr is a sticking point. Herein, the free volume ratio (FVR) is proposed as an indicator to evaluate molecular motion, providing new molecular design rationale to suppress nonradiative decay. Theoretical and experimental results indicate proper proliferation of alkyl side-chain can decrease FVR and restrict molecular motion, leading to reduced electron-phonon coupling while maintaining ideal nanomorphology. The reduced FVR and favorable morphology are simultaneously obtained in AQx-6 with pinpoint alkyl chain proliferation, achieving a high PCE of 18.6% with optimized VOC, JSC and FF. Our study discovered aggregation-state regulation is of great importance to the reduction of electron-phonon coupling, which paves the way to high-efficiency OSCs.
Characterization of two O-methyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of O-methylated catechins in tea plant
Authors: Jin Ji-Qiang , Qu Fu-Rong , Huang Huisi , Liu Qing-Shuai , Wei Meng-Yuan , Zhou Yuee , Huang Ke-Lin , Cui Zhibo , Chen Jie-Dan , Dai Wei-Dong , Zhu Li , Yao Ming-Zhe , Zhang Zhi-Min , Chen Liang
Published: August 2023

Tea is known for having a high catechin content, with the main component being (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which has significant bioactivities, including potential anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity. The poor intestinal stability and permeability of EGCG, however, undermine these health-improving benefits. O-methylated EGCG derivatives, found in a few tea cultivars in low levels, have attracted considerable interest due to their increased bioavailability. Here, we identify two O-methyltransferases from tea plant: CsFAOMT1 that has a specific O-methyltransferase activity on the 3ʹʹ-position of EGCG to generate EGCG3′′Me, and CsFAOMT2 that predominantly catalyzes the formation of EGCG4″Me. In different tea tissues and germplasms, the transcript levels of CsFAOMT1 and CsFAOMT2 are strongly correlated with the amounts of EGCG3ʹʹMe and EGCG4ʹʹMe, respectively. Furthermore, the crystal structures of CsFAOMT1 and CsFAOMT2 reveal the key residues necessary for 3ʹʹ- and 4ʹʹ-O-methylation. These findings may provide guidance for the future development of tea cultivars with high O-methylated catechin content.
Hydrogel muscles powering reconfigurable micro-metastructures with wide-spectrum programmability
Authors: Zhang Mingchao , Pal Aniket , Zheng Zhiqiang , Gardi Gaurav , Yildiz Erdost , Sitti Metin
Published: August 2023

Stimuli-responsive geometric transformations endow metamaterials with dynamic properties and functionalities. However, using existing transformation mechanisms to program a single geometry to transform into diverse final configurations remains challenging, imposing crucial design restrictions on achieving versatile functionalities. Here, we present a programmable strategy for wide-spectrum reconfigurable micro-metastructures using linearly responsive transparent hydrogels as artificial muscles. Actuated by the hydrogel, the transformation of micro-metastructures arises from the collaborative buckling of their building blocks. Rationally designing the three-dimensional printing parameters and geometry features of the metastructures enables their locally isotropic or anisotropic deformation, allowing controllable wide-spectrum pattern transformation with programmable chirality and optical anisotropy. This reconfiguration mechanism can be applied to various materials with a wide range of mechanical properties. Our strategy enables a thermally reconfigurable printed metalattice with pixel-by-pixel mapping of different printing powers and angles for displaying or hiding complex information, providing opportunities for encryption, miniature robotics, photonics and phononics applications.
Trapping the HIV-1 V3 loop in a helical conformation enables broad neutralization
Authors: Glögl Matthias , Friedrich Nikolas , Cerutti Gabriele , Lemmin Thomas , Kwon Young D. , Gorman Jason , Maliqi Liridona , Mittl Peer R. E. , Hesselman Maria C. , Schmidt Daniel , Weber Jacqueline , Foulkes Caio , Dingens Adam S. , Bylund Tatsiana , Olia Adam S. , Verardi Raffaello , Reinberg Thomas , Baumann Nicolas S. , Rusert Peter , Dreier Birgit , Shapiro Lawrence , Kwong Peter D. , Plückthun Andreas , Trkola Alexandra
Published: August 2023

The third variable (V3) loop on the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein trimer is indispensable for virus cell entry. Conformational masking of V3 within the trimer allows efficient neutralization via V3 only by rare, broadly neutralizing glycan-dependent antibodies targeting the closed prefusion trimer but not by abundant antibodies that access the V3 crown on open trimers after CD4 attachment. Here, we report on a distinct category of V3-specific inhibitors based on designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) technology that reinstitute the CD4-bound state as a key neutralization target with up to >90% breadth. Broadly neutralizing DARPins (bnDs) bound V3 solely on open envelope and recognized a four-turn amphipathic α-helix in the carboxy-terminal half of V3 (amino acids 314–324), which we termed ‘αV3C’. The bnD contact surface on αV3C was as conserved as the CD4 binding site. Molecular dynamics and escape mutation analyses underscored the functional relevance of αV3C, highlighting the potential of αV3C-based inhibitors and, more generally, of postattachment inhibition of HIV-1.
Analysis of endothelial gene polymorphisms in Spanish patients with vascular dementia and Alzheimer´s disease
Authors: Manso-Calderón Raquel , Cacabelos-Pérez Purificación , Sevillano-García M. Dolores , Herrero-Prieto M. Elisa , González-Sarmiento Rogelio
Published: August 2023

There is increasing evidence for the involvement of blood–brain barrier (BBB) in vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer´s disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, the role of endothelial function-related genes in these disorders remains unclear. We evaluated the association of four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (VEGF, VEGFR2 and NOS3) with diagnosis and rate of cognitive decline in AD and VaD in a Spanish case–control cohort (150 VaD, 147 AD and 150 controls). Participants carrying -604AA genotype in VEGFR2 (rs2071559) were less susceptible to VaD after multiple testing. Further analysis for VaD subtype revealed a significant difference between small-vessel VaD patients and controls, but not for large-vessel VaD patients. In addition, -2578A and -460C alleles in VEGF (rs699947 and rs833061) showed to decrease the risk of AD, whereas NOS3 (rs1799983) influenced disease progression. Our study supports previous findings of a deleterious effect of VEGFR2 reduced expression on small-vessel disease, but not on large-vessel disease; as well as a detrimental effect of down-regulating VEGF and eNOS in AD, affecting vascular permeability and neuronal survival. These data highlight the relevance of endothelial function and, therefore, BBB in both VaD and AD.
Multi-omics analyses based on genes associated with oxidative stress and phospholipid metabolism revealed the intrinsic molecular characteristics of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Wang Hongdong , Guo Hui , Sun Jiaao , Wang Yuefeng
Published: August 2023

Oxidative stress (OS), which impacts lipid metabolic reprogramming, can affect the biological activities of cancer cells. How oxidative stress and phospholipid metabolism (OSPM) influence the prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) needs to be elucidated. The metabolic data of 35 pancreatic tumor samples, 34 para-carcinoma samples, and 31 normal pancreatic tissues were obtained from the previously published literature. Pan-cancer samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). And the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), ArrayExpress, and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases were searched for more PC and normal pancreatic samples. The metabolites in PC were compared with normal and para-carcinoma tissues. The characteristics of the key OSPM genes were summarized in pan-cancer. The random survival forest analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were utilized to construct an OSPM-related signature. Based on this signature, PC samples were divided into high- and low-risk subgroups. The dysregulations of the tumor immune microenvironment were further investigated. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to investigate the expression of genes in the signature in PC and normal tissues. The protein levels of these genes were further demonstrated. In PC, metabolomic studies revealed the alteration of PM, while transcriptomic studies showed different expressions of OSPM-related genes. Then 930 PC samples were divided into three subtypes with different prognoses, and an OSPM-related signature including eight OSPM-related genes (i.e., SLC2A1, MMP14, TOP2A, MBOAT2, ANLN, ECT2, SLC22A3, and FGD6) was developed. High- and low-risk subgroups divided by the signature showed different prognoses, expression levels of immune checkpoint genes, immune cell infiltration, and tumor microenvironment. The risk score was negatively correlated with the proportion of TIL, pDC, Mast cell, and T cell co-stimulation. The expression levels of genes in the signature were verified in PC and normal samples. The protein levels of SLC2A1, MMP14, TOP2A, MBOAT2, ANLN, and SLC22A3 showed up-regulation in PC samples compared with normal tissues. After integrating metabolomics and transcriptomics data, the alterations in OSPM in PC were investigated, and an OSPM-related signature was developed, which was helpful for the prognostic assessment and individualized treatment for PC.
Exact solution of the 1D Dirac equation for a pseudoscalar interaction potential with the inverse-square-root variation law
Authors: Ishkhanyan A. M. , Krainov V. P.
Published: August 2023

We present the exact solution of the one-dimensional stationary Dirac equation for the pseudoscalar interaction potential, which consists of a constant and a term that varies in accordance with the inverse-square-root law. The general solution of the problem is written in terms of irreducible linear combinations of two Kummer confluent hypergeometric functions and two Hermite functions with non-integer indices. Depending on the value of the indicated constant, the effective potential for the Schrödinger-type equation to which the problem is reduced can form a barrier or well. This well can support an infinite number of bound states. We derive the exact equation for the energy spectrum and construct a rather accurate approximation for the energies of bound states. The Maslov index involved turns out to be non-trivial; it depends on the parameters of the potential.
Big data evidence of the impact of COVID-19 hospitalizations on mortality rates of non-COVID-19 critically ill patients
Authors: Wichmann Bruno , Moreira Wichmann Roberta
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 virus caused a global pandemic leading to a swift policy response. While this response was designed to prevent the spread of the virus and support those with COVID-19, there is growing evidence regarding measurable impacts on non-COVID-19 patients. The paper uses a large dataset from administrative records of the Brazilian public health system (SUS) to estimate pandemic spillover effects in critically ill health care delivery, i.e. the additional mortality risk that COVID-19 ICU hospitalizations generate on non-COVID-19 patients receiving intensive care. The data contain the universe of ICU hospitalizations in SUS from February 26, 2020 to December 31, 2021. Spillover estimates are obtained from high-dimensional fixed effects regression models that control for a number of unobservable confounders. Our findings indicate that, on average, the pandemic increased the mortality risk of non-COVID-19 ICU patients by 1.296 percentage points, 95% CI 1.145–1.448. The spillover mortality risk is larger for non-COVID patients receiving intensive care due to diseases of the respiratory system, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and infectious and parasitic diseases. As of July 2023, the WHO reports more than 6.9 million global deaths due to COVID-19 infection. However, our estimates of spillover effects suggest that the pandemic’s total death toll is much higher.
3D mouse pose from single-view video and a new dataset
Authors: Hu Bo , Seybold Bryan , Yang Shan , Sud Avneesh , Liu Yi , Barron Karla , Cha Paulyn , Cosino Marcelo , Karlsson Ellie , Kite Janessa , Kolumam Ganesh , Preciado Joseph , Zavala-Solorio José , Zhang Chunlian , Zhang Xiaomeng , Voorbach Martin , Tovcimak Ann E. , Ruby J. Graham , Ross David A.
Published: August 2023

We present a method to infer the 3D pose of mice, including the limbs and feet, from monocular videos. Many human clinical conditions and their corresponding animal models result in abnormal motion, and accurately measuring 3D motion at scale offers insights into health. The 3D poses improve classification of health-related attributes over 2D representations. The inferred poses are accurate enough to estimate stride length even when the feet are mostly occluded. This method could be applied as part of a continuous monitoring system to non-invasively measure animal health, as demonstrated by its use in successfully classifying animals based on age and genotype. We introduce the Mouse Pose Analysis Dataset, the first large scale video dataset of lab mice in their home cage with ground truth keypoint and behavior labels. The dataset also contains high resolution mouse CT scans, which we use to build the shape models for 3D pose reconstruction.
Ocean-wide comparisons of mesopelagic planktonic community structures
Authors: Rigonato Janaina , Budinich Marko , Murillo Alejandro A , Brandão Manoela C , Pierella Karlusich Juan J , Soviadan Yawouvi Dodji , Gregory Ann C , Endo Hisashi , Kokoszka Florian , Vik Dean , Henry Nicolas , Frémont Paul , Labadie Karine , Zayed Ahmed A , Dimier Céline , Picheral Marc , Searson Sarah , Poulain Julie , Kandels Stefanie , Pesant Stéphane , Karsenti Eric ,   Tara Oceans coordinators, Acinas Silvia G , Boss Emmanuel , Cochrane Guy , de Vargas Colomban , Gorsky Gabriel , Grimsley Nigel , Guidi Lionel , Hingamp Pascal , Karp-Boss Lee , Not Fabrice , Raes Jeroen , Sardet Christian , Speich Sabrina , Bork Peer , Bowler Chris , de Vargas Colomban , Eveillard Damien , Gehlen Marion , Iudicone Daniele , Lombard Fabien , Ogata Hiroyuki , Stemmann Lars , Sullivan Matthew B , Sunagawa Shinichi , Wincker Patrick , Chaffron Samuel , Jaillon Olivier
Published: August 2023

For decades, marine plankton have been investigated for their capacity to modulate biogeochemical cycles and provide fishery resources. Between the sunlit (epipelagic) layer and the deep dark waters, lies a vast and heterogeneous part of the ocean: the mesopelagic zone. How plankton composition is shaped by environment has been well-explored in the epipelagic but much less in the mesopelagic ocean. Here, we conducted comparative analyses of trans-kingdom community assemblages thriving in the mesopelagic oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), mesopelagic oxic, and their epipelagic counterparts. We identified nine distinct types of intermediate water masses that correlate with variation in mesopelagic community composition. Furthermore, oxygen, NO3− and particle flux together appeared as the main drivers governing these communities. Novel taxonomic signatures emerged from OMZ while a global co-occurrence network analysis showed that about 70% of the abundance of mesopelagic plankton groups is organized into three community modules. One module gathers prokaryotes, pico-eukaryotes and Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses (NCLDV) from oxic regions, and the two other modules are enriched in OMZ prokaryotes and OMZ pico-eukaryotes, respectively. We hypothesize that OMZ conditions led to a diversification of ecological niches, and thus communities, due to selective pressure from limited resources. Our study further clarifies the interplay between environmental factors in the mesopelagic oxic and OMZ, and the compositional features of communities.
A comparative study reveals the relative importance of prokaryotic and eukaryotic proton pump rhodopsins in a subtropical marginal sea
Authors: Ma Minglei , Li Hongfei , Wang Cong , Li Tangcheng , Wang Jierui , Yuan Huatao , Yu Liying , Wang Jingtian , Li Ling , Lin Senjie
Published: August 2023

Proton-pump rhodopsin (PPR) in marine microbes can convert solar energy to bioavailable chemical energy. Whereas bacterial PPR has been extensively studied, counterparts in microeukaryotes are less explored, and the relative importance of the two groups is poorly understood. Here, we sequenced whole-assemblage metatranscriptomes and investigated the diversity and expression dynamics of PPR in microbial eukaryotes and prokaryotes at a continental shelf and a slope site in the northern South China Sea. Data showed the whole PPRs transcript pool was dominated by Proteorhodopsins and Xanthorhodopsins, followed by Bacteriorhodopsin-like proteins, dominantly contributed by prokaryotes both in the number and expression levels of PPR unigenes, although at the continental slope station, microeukaryotes and prokaryotes contributed similarly in transcript abundance. Furthermore, eukaryotic PPRs are mainly contributed by dinoflagellates and showed significant correlation with nutrient concentrations. Green light-absorbing PPRs were mainly distributed in >3 μm organisms (including microeukaryotes and their associated bacteria), especially at surface layer at the shelf station, whereas blue light-absorbing PPRs dominated the <3 μm (mainly bacterial) communities at both study sites, especially at deeper layers at the slope station. Our study portrays a comparative PPR genotype and expression landscape for prokaryotes and eukaryotes in a subtropical marginal sea, suggesting PPR’s role in niche differentiation and adaptation among marine microbes.
An efficient blue-excitable broadband Y3ScAl4O12:Ce3+ garnet phosphor for WLEDs
Authors: Zhao Hanwei , Sun Dashuai , Lyu Zeyu , Shen Sida , Wang Lixuan , Zhou Luhui , Lu Zheng , Wang Jianhui , He Jinhua , You Hongpeng
Published: August 2023

The matrix structure and luminescence properties of Y3ScAl4O12:Ce3+ phosphor are studied, and high color rendering index white LEDs are fabricated by using the phosphor.
Exposing high-activity (111) facet CoO octahedral loading MXene quantum dots for efficient and stable photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Ding Lan , Wang Siyang , Tang Yaoyao , Chen Xinyi , Zhou Hongjun
Published: August 2023

Photocatalytic splitting of water for hydrogen generation is a green and renewable solution for converting solar energy to chemical energy.
Adjusting zinc deposition behaviors by a modified separator to acquire zinc anodes for aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Li Chaowei , Wang Wenhui , Liu Shizhuo , Zhang Jingchao , Kong Xiangtao , Li Zehao , Zhang Daojun , Du Jimin , Yao Yagang
Published: August 2023

A novel separator was created by coating poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene and zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate on polypropylene film, which can stabilize the zinc anodes with dendrite-free Zn plating layer.
Green steel: design and cost analysis of hydrogen-based direct iron reduction
Authors: Rosner Fabian , Papadias Dionissios , Brooks Kriston , Yoro Kelvin , Ahluwalia Rajesh , Autrey Tom , Breunig Hanna
Published: August 2023

Process modelling and techno-economic analysis of NG-DRI/EAF and H2 DRI/EAF steel production providing insights into process design and break-even hydrogen prices.
A high-temperature performing and near-zero energy loss lead-free ceramic capacitor
Authors: Li Da , Xu Diming , Zhao Weichen , Avdeev Max , Jing Hongmei , Guo Yan , Zhou Tao , Liu Wenfeng , Wang Dong , Zhou Di
Published: August 2023

By combining a judiciously designed heterostructure with repeated roll forming processes, we have successfully realized a lead-free ceramic capacitor with excellent high-temperature performance and near-zero energy loss.
Dietary supplementation with astaxanthin enhances anti-tumor immune response and aids the enhancement of molecularly targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ren Pengfei , Yu Xinyue , Yue Han , Tang Qingjuan , Wang Yuming , Xue Changhu
Published: August 2023

Astaxanthin promoted the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the tumor microenvironment and elevated the levels of Granzyme B. In addition, astaxanthin regulated the intestinal flora composition of tumor-bearing mice.
Controllable modulation of the oxygen vacancy-induced adjustment of memristive behavior for direct differential operation with transistor-free memristor
Authors: Xie Qin , Pan Xinqiang , Luo Wenbo , Shuai Yao , Zeng Huizhong , Wang Jiejun , Liu Yuting , Yang Xudong , Lv Lu , Xu Jiaqi , Yan Hao , Wu Chuangui , Zhang Wanli
Published: August 2023

Based on a novel differential pair consisting of two memristors (with opposite memristive behavior directions), which were realized by the modulation of oxygen vacancies, differential operation was implemented without subtraction circuits.
Synthesis and site selective C–H functionalization of imidazo-[1,2-a]pyridines
Authors: Tali Javeed Ahmad , Kumar Gulshan , Sharma Bhupesh Kumar , Rasool Younis , Sharma Yashika , Shankar Ravi
Published: August 2023

Herein we disclose the synthesis and an overview of all the functionalization reactions at each carbon atom, viz, C2, C3, C5, C6, C7 and C8 of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine.
Metal-free polychloromethylation/cyclization of unactivated alkenes towards ring-fused tricyclic indolones and benzoimidazoles
Authors: Wu Yechun , Liu Han , Liu Lingli , Yu Jin-Tao
Published: August 2023

Radical polychloromethylation/cyclization of unactivated alkenes was achieved under metal-free conditions to afford ring-fused tricyclic indolones and benzoimidazoles.
Heavy water induces bundling in entangled actin networks
Authors: Mollenkopf Paul , Prascevic Dusan , Bayerl Thomas M. , Käs Josef A. , Schnauß Jörg
Published: August 2023

In the presence of deuterium oxide actin filaments in entangled networks align to form thick bundles.
Light scattering in a three-phase photosensitive systemviaMonte Carlo approach
Authors: Shah Darshil M. , Morris Joshua P. , Amirkhizi Alireza V. , Hansen Christopher. J.
Published: August 2023

A computational framework enables tracking photon scattering and absorption within a three-phase filled photopolymer system. The 3D light distribution is mapped to predict the cured depth and cured width from 10 to 50 vol% of filler concentration.
Multiscale and multidirection depth map super resolution with semantic inference
Authors: Xu Dan , Fan Xiaopeng , Zhao Debin , Gao Wen
Published: August 2023

Depth map super resolution has been paid much attention in 3D applications due to the limitation of depth sensors. Few textures in objects with clear contours along them is the most important characteristic of depth map. An efficient image representation should be directional, multiscale and anisotropic. From this we propose a novel multiscale and multidirection depth map super resolution framework with semantic inference to improve the quality of depth maps. In this framework, a multiscale and multidirection depth map contour fusion scheme captures and assembles intrinsic geometrical structures through a multiview non‐subsampled contourlet transform manner. This scheme not only isolates the discontinuities of contours but retains the smoothness along the contours. The semantic inference is also utilized to segment and label the depth map into objects/backgrounds‐level which are coplanar. Furthermore, a semantic‐aware label refinement strategy is introduced to correct the rarely inaccurate labels of the label map for upscaling the target pixel with pixels in the same object or background. Experimental results on benchmark depth map dataset demonstrate that the proposed multiscale and multidirection depth map super resolution framework with semantic inference has a significant improvement than the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms both visually and quantitatively.
Measurements of debris flow entrainment and dynamics
Authors: Vicari Hervé , Ng Charles W. W. , Nordal Steinar , Thakur Vikas , De Silva W. A. Roanga K. , Liu Haiming , Choi Clarence E.
Published: August 2023

The mechanisms of debris flows and their interaction with mitigation structures are still not well understood. Among the research challenges, only few entrainment measurements are available in literature, as entrainment is often masked by deposition on top. In this paper, we present a simple, cheap, and effective method to measure the entrainment depths. Flume experiments have therefore been performed to assess the influence of the initial debris flow volume and of an upstream flexible barrier on entrainment. To better understand the debris flow dynamics, the flow basal stresses have been measured. A high degree of liquefaction at the base of the debris flow is observed. A mitigation measure to reduce entrainment has also been studied. A compact flexible barrier was installed in the upstream part of the channel and is observed to deflect the flow along a curvilinear path. High normal stresses are measured at the base of the overflow, which are caused by the additional centrifugal stresses from the overflow. The results from the flume tests suggest that the flow interaction with an upstream flexible barrier may significantly influence the debris flow dynamics both upstream and downstream of the barrier.
Simulations of non-stationary flows of dry granular material along an inclined chute
Authors: Zarattini Francesco , Gabrieli Fabio
Published: August 2023

In this work, the signals generated by grain-to-base multiple impacts of three different granular materials flowing along an inclined chute and characterized by unsteady-state conditions are investigated through the discrete element method (DEM). The effect of different grain-size and angularity of the grains are taken into account. Various instants of the flows are studied, focusing in particular on the analysis of the signal produced by the passage of the material on a portion of the base of the chute, and on the study of the motion of the particles close to the base. The numerical results allow us to have an insight into the characteristics of the flows and to explain the behavior of the granular material at the contact with the base.
faDebrisFOAM validation using field data surveyed in Crucecita (Chile) alluvial fan for the event of 13th May 2017
Authors: Garcés Alex , González Álvaro , Tamburrino Aldo , Montserrat Santiago
Published: August 2023

The openFOAM solver faDebrisFOAM was recently developed to simulate debris flows with the finite area method. This new solver includes, among other capabilities, a variable density for the solid-liquid mixture, erosion and deposition processes, and a terrain modification algorithm. To test the performance of this new solver, we simulate the debris flow event that occurred in the Crucecita alluvial fan on the 13th May 2017 in the Atacama Desert, Chile. Thanks to pre- and post-event topographies, we have an accurate measure of the morphological changes that took place. Comparing the field data and our numerical model results shows that faDebrisFOAM can reproduce the main flooded, eroded, and deposited areas. Once the model is calibrated, we study the behavior of the terrain modification algorithm. Finally, we discuss the advantages of using this model to reproduce erosion and deposition processes together with changing rheologies for a debris flow event.
Development of Debris flow Vulnerability Curve for Data-driven Method
Authors: Song Chang-Ho , Lee Ji-Sung , Nguyen Ho-Hong Duy , Ha Yong-Soo , Kim Yun-Tae
Published: August 2023

Various landslide disasters due to abnormal climate are increasing all over the world, and the inflow of debris flow is causing great damage to human life and social infrastructure. As such, in order to preemptively respond to debris flow, it is necessary to conduct a vulnerability assessment of the hazardous area based on the vulnerability curve. Therefore, in this study, the hazard intensity (depth, velocity, and impact pressure of debris flow) was analysed by performing back analysis using the DAN3D numerical model for 27 debris flow disaster areas in Korea from 2011 to 2020. And the vulnerability curve for the building was developed through the relationship between the degree of damage to the building and the impact pressure obtained through the case analysis of debris flow disasters.
Deciphering controls for the impact of geophysical flows on a flexible barrier: Insights from coupled CFD-DEM modeling
Authors: Kong Yong , Guan Mingfu
Published: August 2023

Geophysical flows impacting a flexible barrier can create complex flows and solid-fluid-structure interactions, which are challenging to quantify and characterize towards a unified description. Here, we examine the common physical laws of multiphase, multiway interactions during debris flows, debris avalanches and rock avalanches against a flexible barrier system using a coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element (CFD-DEM) method. This model captures essential physics observed in experiments and fields. The bi-linear, positive correlations are found between peak impact load and Fr or maximum barrier deflection, with inflection points due to the transitions from trapezoid- to triangle-shaped dead zones. Our findings quantitatively elucidate how flow materials (wet versus dry) and impact dynamics (slow versus fast) control the patterns of the identified bi-linear correlations. This work offers a physics-based reference and insights for improving widely-used impact solutions for geophysical flows against flexible barriers.
IoT-Enabled Smart Parking: Enhancing Efficiency and Sustainability in Smart Cities
Authors: Ouhammou Imrane , Chafiq Tarik , Hmamou Mohamed
Published: August 2023

The field of smart parking is growing rapidly and has many potential applications in densely populated urban areas. Internet of Things (IoT) and Arduino-based smart parking systems offer an innovative solution to solve parking problems in real time. Among other things, these systems reduce traffic congestion, improve road safety, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and improve user experience.

In this paper, we present a smart parking system that uses an innovative architecture and algorithm to optimize vehicle parking. The system also tracks cars, their location, entry and exit details, and account management. An infrared sensor is integrated into the system to monitor the entry and exit of vehicles. This sensor uses beams of light to detect the presence of vehicles in a specific parking area, allowing for efficient use of available parking space.

This project has many benefits, such as optimized space utilization, reduced congestion and pollution, and an improved user experience. The system can be deployed in a variety of environments, including underground parking garages, shopping malls, airports, and train stations.
A Flexible System for Combined Retrograde and Antegrade Delivery of Blood or Crystalloid Cardioplegic Solution
Authors: Gareis-Rinaldi Raul , Brown Leonard , Bretz George E. , Howland Carol A.
Published: August 2023

A flexible but simple cardioplegic delivery system has been designed that offers the advantages of alternating antegrade and retrograde delivery or blood and crystalloid (Plegisol™ solution) cardioplegia to optimize myocardial preservation. Initial antegrade delivery of crystalloid cardioplegic solution achieves rapid cardiac arrest while subsequent retrograde delivery with blood cardioplegia improves myocardial protection due to uniform distribution of the solution. Occasionally, temporary transferral from blood to crystalloid is indicated to clarify the surgical field. This system is designed to allow the repeated rapid switching from crystalloid to blood cardioplegia or vice versa using the antegrade or retrograde routes.
Arteriovenous Malformation of Pelvis Treated with Hypothermic Arrest and Hemipelvectomy
Authors: Raithel Steven C. , Vieth Donna G. , Keltner Raymond M. , Willman Vallee L.
Published: August 2023

Arteriovenous malformations are lesions which may cause significant complications including congestive heart failure, venous insufficiency, limb ischemia, or difficulty with feeding and respiration. The treatment of arteriovenous malformations can be quite involved due to the complexity of the lesion.

The use of cardiopulmonary bypass equipment in noncardiac cases is not new as is evident in equipment use in liver transplantation, neurosurgery, and the delivery of hyperthermic anticancer therapy.

The authors report on a 30-year-old male with a large arteriovenous malformation involving the left thigh and pelvis treated with deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary arrest and hemipelvectomy.
The Volume Allowance Formula as a Guide to Non-Haemic Solution Administration
Authors: Vinas Michael S.
Published: August 2023

We have developed a formula sequence which calculates the predicted blood volume, hemodilutional hematocrit and conjectively figures the amount of non-haemic solution margin allowable before reaching a minimally acceptable or ‘target’ hematocrit in the adult patient.

Another application of the formula calculates the value for the amount of prime reduction to prevent the addition of blood to the ECC priming volume. The formula also provides the figures for the amount of blood to add to the prime of the extracorporeal circuit in order to maintain a target hematocrit.