bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EEBR induces Caspase‐1‐dependent pyroptosis through the NF‐κB/NLRP3 signalling cascade in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhao Xin , Chen Chao , Han Weina , Liang Min , Cheng Yuanyuan , Chen Yingjie , Pang Defeng , Lei Haoqi , Feng Xuefei , Cao Shifeng , Li Zhixiong , Wang Jinhui , Zhang Yan , Yang Baofeng
Published: January 2024

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Recent studies have identified pyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, as a critical process in the development and progression of lung cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of EEBR, a new compound synthesized by our team, on pyroptosis in non‐small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that EEBR significantly reduced the proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells in vitro. Moreover, EEBR‐induced pyroptosis in NSCLC cells, as evidenced by cell membrane rupture, the release of cytokines such as interleukin‐18 and interleukin‐1 beta and the promotion of Gasdermin D cleavage in a Caspase‐1‐dependent manner. Furthermore, EEBR promoted the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB and upregulated the protein level of NLRP3. Subsequent studies revealed that EEBR‐induced pyroptosis was suppressed by the inhibition of NF‐κB. Finally, EEBR effectively suppressed the growth of lung cancer xenograft tumours by promoting NSCLC pyroptosis in animal models. Taken together, our findings suggest that EEBR induces Caspase‐1‐dependent pyroptosis through the NF‐κB/NLRP3 signalling cascade in NSCLC, highlighting its potential as a candidate drug for NSCLC treatment.
Core outcome sets for myocardial infarction in clinical trials of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine
Authors: Qiu Ruijin , Wan Siqi , Zhong Changming , Han Songjie , He Tianmai , Huang Ya , Wei Xuxu , Li Meng , Guan Zhiyue , Zhang Xinyi , Wu Huanlin , Shang Hongcai
Published: January 2024

Background

Clinical trials of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine showed there was heterogeneity of outcome reporting in myocardial infarction (MI). Developing a core outcome set (COS) might improve the consistency of outcome reporting in future clinical trials.

Methods

A list of outcomes was developed based on a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of MI and semistructured interviews with MI patients. Two rounds of Delphi survey for clinicians, researchers, journal editors, and methodologists were conducted. An online questionnaire sent to nurses. After an online consensus meeting, a COS for MI RCTs was developed.

Results

After extracted data from clinical trials and discussed, 216 outcomes were included in round 1 of the Delphi survey. Seventy‐four participants completed round 1 of the Delphi survey. Sixty‐five participants completed round 2 of the Delphi survey. Twenty‐two nurses completed the online questionnaire. Fifteen participants attended the online consensus meeting, and 14 of them voted and determined the final COS. For all types of MI, it was recommended that left ventricular ejection fraction and quality of life be measured and reported. For acute MI, the participants in the consensus meeting recommended the following core outcomes: death from cardio‐cerebrovascular disease, cardiogenic shock, heart failure, troponin I, troponin T, creatine kinase isoenzyme, Killip class, target vessel revascularization, and emergency CABG. For previous MI, recurrent MI, recurrent angina pectoris, and heart failure readmission were recommended.

Conclusions

The COS for MI in RCTs provides recommendations for clinical trials that seek to improve outcomes for patients with MI.
Biological and productive aspects of the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in meal moth rearing residues Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Zanotelli Alex Lima , Köhler Andreas
Published: January 2024

The inadequate disposal of organic waste generated in insect biofactories breeding biological agents may become a potential environmental problem. The use of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) may play an important role in the circular economy of this process, transforming waste into high‐quality biomass. Therefore, this work aims to analyse the degradation of organic residues of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) production using the black soldier fly. Four types of waste from the moth breeding process were evaluated: residues of the meal diet when moth larvae were in the last instar; residues of the meal diet when completing the cycle; residues formed by webs in the pupation process mixed with residual exoskeleton, and residues of dead adults. These residues were tested in isolation and in mixtures of 50%, using as control a standard diet composed of chicken feed. Survival rate, development time, emerged adults, weight, size, residue reduction, and bioconversion were evaluated. The residue used in diets affected the total development time of H. illucens. The mean number of survivors differed from 87% to 74% for larvae that reached the pre‐pupal stage. The viability of pre‐pupae to adult stage ranged from 54% to 6% for residue treatments and 97% for the control. Differences in the growth and weight gain of larvae were significantly different. The rate of residue reduction from 54% to 80% and bioconversion into larval biomass were satisfactory. However, regarding adult emergence, the numbers show variations, indicating that certain residues are not suitable for the maintenance of fly breeding.
Subjective sleep onset latency is influenced by sleep structure and body heat loss in human subjects
Authors: Iijima Ryusei , Kadooka Akari , Sugawara Kairi , Fushimi Momo , Hosoe Mizuki , Aritake‐Okada Sayaka
Published: January 2024

The present study examined the relationship between subjective sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep structure, changes in skin and body temperature, and subjective evaluation of sleep in healthy young adults to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of insomnia. A total of 28 participants (age 21.54 [0.50] years) with no sleep problems participated in a 1‐h polysomnographic recording that obtained objective sleep parameters during the daytime while skin and body temperatures were recorded. The distal–proximal skin temperature gradient (DPG) was calculated. Subjective parameters, such as subjective SOL, sleep time, and restorative sleepiness, were evaluated before and after sleep. Most participants estimated their sleep latency as being longer than their actual SOL (13.7 versus 7.6 min). Objective SOL was significantly correlated with each sleep stage parameter whereas subjective SOL was negatively correlated with Stage N2 sleep duration (Rho = −0.454, p = 0.020), slow‐wave activity and delta power (Rho = −0.500, p = 0.011 and Rho = −0.432, p = 0.031, respectively), and ΔDPG (the degree of reduction of heat loss before and after lights‐off). Stepwise regression analysis showed that ΔDPG was the strongest predictive factor in explaining the length of subjective SOL. The degree of heat dissipation before and after lights‐off contributed most to the sensation of falling asleep in healthy young adults. This finding may be helpful for elucidating the physiological mechanisms of insomnia and its treatment.
Placement of peripherally inserted central catheters in neonates: A retrospective study
Authors: Chen Xiuwen , Lin Chiayen , Yue Liqing , Tan Yanjuan
Published: January 2024

Background

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are commonly used in neonatal intensive care units for extended intravenous nutrition and therapy. The selection of PICCs insertion sites can significantly influence insertion outcomes and neonatal safety.

Aim

This study aimed to determine the most suitable insertion site in the lower extremities for neonatal PICCs.

Study Design

A retrospective case note review was conducted on PICCs inserted through lower extremity (LE) sites in a 40‐bed tertiary‐level neonatal intensive care unit at a university teaching hospital. The dates when data were accessed for research purposes were from June 2019 to June 2022. In total, 223 neonates were identified as having had PICCs, with 254 catheters inserted in the lower extremities. The STROBE checklist guided the reporting of this study.

Results

Neonates underwent PICC insertion via the LE vein, with an overall complication rate of 13.4% and a one‐attempt success rate of puncture of 86.2%. The rates of complications, catheter occlusion, and catheter‐related infection in the PICC group with insertion through the great saphenous vein were significantly lower than those in the femoral vein group (p < .05). The success rate was significantly higher than that in the femoral vein group (p < .05). Additionally, the incidence of total complications and catheter occlusion complications with PICC insertion via the right LE was significantly lower than that with insertion via the left LE (p < .05).

Conclusion

Our study suggested that, when feasible, the saphenous vein in the right LE could be the most suitable insertion site for neonatal PICCs.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

These findings provide insights into the complications, indwelling time, and safety of neonatal PICCs in different LE sites, serving as a valuable reference for clinical practice. This study was retrospective in nature, and all staff involved obtained approved access to patient clinical data. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (registry number 2022010001).
How does gestational weight gain influence short‐ and long‐term postpartum weight retention? An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Meyer Dorothy , Gjika Ejona , Raab Roxana , Michel Sophie K. F. , Hauner Hans
Published: January 2024

This systematic review and meta‐analysis provide an update of an earlier meta‐analysis examining the impact of gestational weight gain (GWG) on postpartum weight retention (PPWR). Thirty‐four observational studies were included, and results from 18 studies were combined in meta‐analyses. We found that women with excessive GWG retained an additional 2.98 kg (95% CI: 0.59, 5.37 kg, I2 = 91%) at 0.5 years, 1.89 kg (95% CI: 0.90, 2.88 kg, I2 = 61%) at > 0.5–1 year and 2.89 kg (95% CI: 1.74, 4.04 kg, I 2 = 0%) at 2–4 years, compared to women who met the National Academy of Medicine GWG recommendations. Moreover, synthesis of confounder‐adjusted regression coefficients showed that each 1 kg increase of GWG corresponded to 0.62 kg (95% CI: 0.22, 1.02 kg, I2 = 96%) additional PPWR at 6–9 months, 0.48 kg (95% CI: 0.14, 0.81 kg, I2 = 93%) at 1–3 years, and 0.31 kg (95% CI: −0.24, 0.86 kg, I2 = 89%) at 5–7 years postpartum. Findings suggest that higher GWG contributes to increased maternal body weight in the short‐ and long‐term after childbirth, independent of prepregnancy body mass index. The heterogeneity of reported data and methodological differences across studies complicate the ability to synthesize data and interpret findings.
Early Outcomes of Bone Autografting in the Bilateral Atlantoaxial Joints Applied in Posterior Fusion Surgery
Authors: Wang Xing‐jin , Liu Hao , Wang Bei‐yu , Wu Ting‐kui , He Jun‐bo , Yan Lu , Ding Chen
Published: January 2024

Objective

Cable‐dragged reduction and cantilever beam internal fixation can provide promising results in the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation or instability. However, bilateral atlantoaxial joints bone autografting has not been conducted in this technique. We aim to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of bilateral atlantoaxial joints bone autografting in posterior cable‐dragged reduction and cantilever‐beam internal fixation.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we included 14 patients with a minimum 24‐month follow‐up from December 2019 to September 2020. The granular bone harvested from the iliac crest was packed into the bilateral atlantoaxial joints of 14 patients in posterior cable‐dragged reduction and cantilever‐beam internal fixation. X‐ray imaging and cervical computed tomography (CT) were performed during follow‐up. The time required for bone fusion was recorded. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using the JOA scores, NDI, and VAS scores. Mann–Whitney U test, the chi‐squared test, or the Fisher exact test were used to compare the two groups regarding patient characteristics, clinical outcomes, bone fusion rates, and cervical sagittal alignment.

Results

The operations were successfully performed in all patients without any intraoperative complications. The mean operation time was (169.64 ± 20.91) minutes, and the intraoperative blood loss was (130.71 ± 33.62) mL. All patients received satisfactory reductions and firm bony fusion at the final follow‐up. The fusion rates were 64.29% in the atlantoaxial joints and 21.43% in post bone graft area at 3 months postoperatively, and a significant difference was observed (p = 0.022). Besides, the cervical sagittal alignment in all patients was well maintained in the last follow‐up compared to preoperatively. Importantly, a complete bony fusion in the atlantoaxial joints was observed in all patients. Moreover, the JOA, NDI, and VAS scores had improved significantly at the last follow‐up.

Conclusion

Bone autografting of the bilateral atlantoaxial joints is a safe and effective technique to increase bone fusion rates, shorten bone fusion time, and reduce complication rates when the cable‐dragged reduction and cantilever beam internal fixation approach is used. Therefore, it is a cost‐effective surgical procedure for treating patients with atlantoaxial dislocation or instability.
Local dispersion of repolarization in the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation in Brugada syndrome: Possibility of phase 2 reentry?
Authors: Nagase Satoshi , Oka Satoshi , Kamakura Tsukasa , Aiba Takeshi , Morita Hiroshi , Kusano Kengo
Published: January 2024

To date, there have been no reports of recording epicardial electrograms at the onset of spontaneous ventricular fibrillation (VF) in patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS). In the case of BrS, unipolar and bipolar electrogram recording on the right ventricular epicardium revealed that dispersion of repolarization with delayed potential was associated with spontaneous occurrence of VF. Phase 2 reentry associated with shortening and dispersion of action potential could have been recorded for the first time in BrS. Epicardial unipolar mapping can guide accurate and appropriate ablation for the elimination of arrhythmia substrate in J wave syndrome.
A transcriptional regulation of ERF15 contributes to ABA‐mediated cold tolerance in tomato
Authors: Hu Chaoyi , Wang Mengqi , Zhu Changan , Wu Shaofang , Li Jiajia , Yu Jingquan , Hu Zhangjian
Published: January 2024

Cold stress is a major meteorological threat to crop growth and yield. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays important roles in plant cold tolerance by activating the expression of cold‐responsive genes; however, the underlying transcriptional regulatory module remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that the cold‐ and ABA‐responsive transcription factor ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 15 (ERF15) positively regulates ABA‐mediated cold tolerance in tomato. Exogenous ABA treatment significantly enhanced cold tolerance in wild‐type tomato plants but failed to rescue erf15 mutants from cold stress. Transcriptome analysis showed that ERF15 was associated with the expression of cold‐responsive transcription factors such as CBF1 and WRKY6. Further RT‐qPCR assays confirmed that the ABA‐induced increased in CBF1 and WRKY6 transcripts was suppressed in erf15 mutants when the plants were subjected to cold treatment. Moreover, yeast one‐hybrid assays, dual‐luciferase assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that ERF15 activated the transcription of CBF1 and WRKY6 by binding their promoters. Silencing CBF1 or WRKY6 significantly decreased cold tolerance. Overall, our study identified the role of ERF15 in conferring ABA‐mediated cold tolerance in tomato plants by activating CBF1 and WRKY6 expression. This study not only broadens our knowledge of the mechanism of ABA‐mediated cold tolerance in plants but also highlights ERF15 as an ideal target gene for cold‐tolerant crop breeding.
Is caring for oneself relevant to happy relationship functioning? Exploring associations between self‐compassion and romantic relationship satisfaction in actors and partners
Authors: Körner Robert , Tandler Nancy , Petersen Lars‐Eric , Schütz Astrid
Published: January 2024

Self‐compassion means being supportive and kind to oneself when experiencing failure or inadequacies. It is associated with adaptive intrapersonal and relational outcomes for individuals. This evidence was extended by using an Actor‐Partner Interdependence framework. Other‐sex couples (N = 209) completed measures of self‐compassion, relationship‐specific self‐compassion, and relationship satisfaction. Both self‐compassion measures were related to global relationship satisfaction and facets thereof (e.g., sexuality, engagement, trust) for actors. Relationship‐specific self‐compassion was also positively related to the partner's relationship satisfaction (particularly for men). It is suggested that researchers (a) consider the interdependence of the partners when analyzing self‐compassion in relationships and test for partner effects and (b) use fine‐grained and domain‐specific measures to develop a more complete understanding of self‐compassion's associations with criterion variables.
Survey on the current situation for early diagnosis of dementia and contributing factors in Japan
Authors: Kumagai Ryoko , Sonoda Yuma , Kowa Hisatomo
Published: January 2024

Background

Early diagnosis of dementia is important for both initiation of non‐pharmacological activities to slow cognitive decline as well as the development of disease‐modifying drugs; however, it appears there may be a tendency for formal diagnosis to be delayed. Since the current status of diagnosis in Japan is unclear, we conducted a survey with family caregivers of patients with dementia using questionnaires and interviews to investigate the factors regarding the dementia diagnosis process in Japan.

Methods

We distributed questionnaires to family caregivers of people with dementia and conducted additional follow‐up interviews with approximately half of them. We calculated odds ratios for the time to diagnosis using logistic regression analysis for each characteristic from the questionnaire data. We also created co‐occurrence networks from the interview data in order to provide qualitative context to the questionnaire data.

Results

We collected 68 questionnaires and conducted 32 interviews. The median time to diagnosis was 12 months, and logistic regression analysis showed a significant trend toward shorter time to diagnosis in the absence of other caregivers. In addition, there were significant differences in age, relationship with patients and the time from the first visit to the final diagnosis between groups with and without other caregivers.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that the presence or absence of other caregivers may affect caregivers' behaviour and the time taken to receive a diagnosis of dementia. These findings indicate it may be beneficial to predict inhibiting factors and change approaches based on caregivers' and patients' background to promote early diagnosis.
Breaking the iron triangle around nuclear safety regulation: The cases of France, Japan, and India
Authors: Andrews‐Speed Philip , Putra Nur Azha
Published: January 2024

The International Atomic Energy Agency asserts that the regulation of the safety of civil nuclear power requires national regulatory agencies to be effectively independent. However, in the early years of national civil nuclear power programs national nuclear industries were dominated by iron triangles or subgovernments of powerful actors with an interest in promoting the industry. The creation of an independent safety regulator requires a radical restructuring of the national governance framework. Windows of opportunity or critical junctures for such reform occur only occasionally. This paper examines the cases of France, Japan, and India to identify the factors that determine the degree of success in attempts to break the power of nuclear iron triangles or subgovernments and create an effectively independent regulator. This analysis shows a serious nuclear accident can create the opportunity to dismantle an iron triangle. The extent and speed with which reforms can be implemented depend greatly on pre‐existing and prevailing conditions. Key determinants include the power structures and attitudes toward nuclear power in elite politics, the degree of engagement of civil society, and pressures from international organizations. Of these, the first, elite politics, appears to be the most important in these three cases.
Connecting the fields: How ICT improve agricultural productivity in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Eyike Mbongo Louis de Berquin , Djoumessi Yannick Fosso
Published: January 2024

This study seeks to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the influence of information and communication technology (ICT) on agricultural productivity in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), both through direct and indirect mechanisms. Utilizing data gathered from a sample of 20 sub‐Saharan African nations spanning the period from 1995 to 2014, we employ a rigorous examination through static and dynamic panel models. Our findings robustly indicate a substantial and positive impact stemming from the presence of mobile phones and internet coverage on agricultural productivity in the region. Furthermore, we uncover the indirect effects of ICT, notably through its influence on farmers' education levels and their access to essential agricultural inputs, such as fertilizers. To validate the robustness of our results, we additionally establish a positive and statistically significant association between an ICT adoption index and agricultural productivity in SSA. In light of these findings, we recommend the prioritization of strategies aimed at fortifying the adoption of communication technologies within the agricultural sector. In addition, efforts should be directed toward enhancing farmers' education and improving access to fertilizers, leveraging the potential of ICT tools as key enablers in this process.
Restricted Access to Remembrance: Problematic Usages of Industrial Memories in Belfast's Titanic Quarter
Authors: Davis Christophe
Published: January 2024

The paper addresses the contemporary usages of collective memory in the Titanic Quarter's project in Belfast, Northern Ireland. In the wake of the Good Friday Agreement, elected officials proposed urban revitalisation policies that aimed to mitigate the effects of deindustrialisation and the ethnonational conflict. On the old shipyard wastelands, public authorities were relying on the redevelopment of the built environment to suggest a shared urbanity but also a shared past, a connection with a common space, mobilising the myths and memories of the Titanic to achieve this. Yet, in a globalised world where memory increasingly surpasses national borders, it bears into question who is the targeted audience of this revitalised urban memory? Through careful observations in the neighbourhood and its flagship museum, the paper aims to criticise the use and manipulation of a conflictual working‐class memory to sidestep Northern Ireland's sectarian divide.
Firearm carrying and adolescent suicide risk outcomes between 2015 and 2021 across nationally representative samples
Authors: Reinbergs Erik J. , Rogers Megan L. , Anderson Jacqueline R. , Pryor Sarah M.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Firearms are the most frequent means of youth suicide for the 14–18‐year‐old age group, and adolescent firearm access confers substantial increases in the risk of suicidal behaviors. There have been significant increases in firearm purchases and firearm violence in the United States since the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

This study uses four time points of nationally representative data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) from 2015 to 2021 to examine the differential associations of reporting having carried a firearm and suicide‐related outcomes, after controlling for relevant demographic factors. As a sensitivity analysis, we examined whether a similar risk pattern was seen for the probability of reporting depressed mood.

Results

Results reveal significant increases in suicide‐related outcomes among students who reported carrying a firearm and no significant increases among those who did not. Unlike the suicide‐related outcomes, increases in depressed mood overtime were not limited to students who carried firearms, suggesting that the risk associated with firearms may be specific to suicide‐related outcomes.

Conclusions

Carrying a firearm is associated with significant increases in the risk of suicidal ideation and behaviors among youth and this risk has increased between 2015 and 2021. Implications for youth suicide prevention and directions for future research are discussed.
OsbZIP1 regulates phosphorus uptake and nitrogen utilization, contributing to improved yield
Authors: Tanaka Nobuhiro , Yoshida Saki , Islam Md. Saiful , Yamazaki Kiyoshi , Fujiwara Toru , Ohmori Yoshihiro
Published: January 2024

Increasing nutrient uptake and use efficiency in plants can contribute to improved crop yields and reduce the demand for fertilizers in crop production. In this study, we characterized a rice mutant, 88n which showed long roots under low nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) conditions. Low expression levels of N transporter genes were observed in 88n root, and total N concentration in 88n shoots were decreased, however, C concentrations and shoot dry weight in 88n were comparable to that in WT. Therefore, 88n showed high nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE). mRNA accumulation of Pi transporter genes was higher in 88n roots, and Pi concentration and uptake activity were higher in 88n than in WT. Therefore, 88n also showed high phosphorus uptake efficiency (PUpE). Molecular genetic analysis revealed that the causal gene of 88n phenotypes was OsbZIP1, a monocot‐specific ortholog of the A. thaliana bZIP transcription factor HY5. Similar to the hy5 mutant, chlorophyll content in roots was decreased and root angle was shallower in 88n than in WT. Finally, we tested the yield of 88n in paddy fields over 3 years because 88n mutant plants showed higher PUpE and NUtE activity and different root architecture at the seedling stage. 88n showed large panicles and increased panicle weight/plant. Taken together, a mutation in OsbZIP1 could contribute to improved crop yields.
The acyl–acyl carrier protein thioesterases GmFATA1 and GmFATA2 are essential for fatty acid accumulation and growth in soybean
Authors: Liao Wenying , Guo Runze , Qian Kun , Shi Wanxuan , Whelan James , Shou Huixia
Published: January 2024

Acyl‐acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterases (FAT) hydrolyze acyl‐ACP complexes to release FA in plastids, which ultimately affects FA biosynthesis and profiles. Soybean GmFATA1 and GmFATA2 are homoeologous genes encoding oleoyl‐ACP thioesterases whose role in seed oil accumulation and plant growth has not been defined. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing mutation of Gmfata1 or 2 led to reduced leaf FA content and growth defect at the early seedling stage. In contrast, no homozygous double mutants were obtained. Combined this indicates that GmFATA1 and GmFATA2 display overlapping, but not complete functional redundancy. Combined transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis revealed a large number of genes involved in FA synthesis and FA chain elongation are expressed at reduced level in the Gmfata1 mutant, accompanied by a lower triacylglycerol abundance at the early seedling stage. Further analysis showed that the Gmfata1 or 2 mutants had increased composition of the beneficial FA, oleic acid. The growth defect of Gmfata1 could be at least partially attributed to reduced acetyl‐CoA carboxylase activity, reduced abundance of five unsaturated monogalactosyldiacylglycerol lipids, and altered chloroplast morphology. On the other hand, overexpression of GmFATA in soybean led to significant increases in leaf FA content by 5.7%, vegetative growth, and seed yield by 26.9%, and seed FA content by 23.2%. Thus, overexpression of GmFATA is an effective strategy to enhance soybean oil content and yield.
Rescue of secretion of rare‐disease‐associated misfolded mutant glycoproteins in UGGT1 knock‐out mammalian cells
Authors: Tax Gabor , Guay Kevin P. , Pantalone Ludovica , Ceci Martina , Soldà Tatiana , Hitchman Charlie J. , Hill Johan C. , Vasiljević Snežana , Lia Andrea , Modenutti Carlos P. , Straatman Kees R. , Santino Angelo , Molinari Maurizio , Zitzmann Nicole , Hebert Daniel N. , Roversi Pietro , Trerotola Marco
Published: January 2024

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention of misfolded glycoproteins is mediated by the ER‐localized eukaryotic glycoprotein secretion checkpoint, UDP‐glucose glycoprotein glucosyl‐transferase (UGGT). The enzyme recognizes a misfolded glycoprotein and flags it for ER retention by re‐glucosylating one of its N‐linked glycans. In the background of a congenital mutation in a secreted glycoprotein gene, UGGT‐mediated ER retention can cause rare disease, even if the mutant glycoprotein retains activity (“responsive mutant”). Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, we investigated here the subcellular localization of the human Trop‐2‐Q118E, E227K and L186P mutants, which cause gelatinous drop‐like corneal dystrophy (GDLD). Compared with the wild‐type Trop‐2, which is correctly localized at the plasma membrane, these Trop‐2 mutants are retained in the ER. We studied fluorescent chimeras of the Trop‐2 Q118E, E227K and L186P mutants in mammalian cells harboring CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated inhibition of the UGGT1 and/or UGGT2 genes. The membrane localization of the Trop‐2 Q118E, E227K and L186P mutants was successfully rescued in UGGT1−/−cells. UGGT1 also efficiently reglucosylated Trop‐2‐Q118E‐EYFP in cellula. The study supports the hypothesis that UGGT1 modulation would constitute a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pathological conditions associated to misfolded membrane glycoproteins (whenever the mutation impairs but does not abrogate function), and it encourages the testing of modulators of ER glycoprotein folding quality control as broad‐spectrum rescue‐of‐secretion drugs in rare diseases caused by responsive secreted glycoprotein mutants.
The emerging functions of intraflagellar transport 52 in ciliary transport and ciliopathies
Authors: Udupa Prajna , Ghosh Debasish Kumar
Published: January 2024

Ciliary transport in eukaryotic cells is an intricate and conserved process involving the coordinated assembly and functioning of a multiprotein intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex. Among the various IFT proteins, intraflagellar transport 52 (IFT52) plays a crucial role in ciliary transport and is implicated in various ciliopathies. IFT52 is a core component of the IFT‐B complex that facilitates movement of cargoes along the ciliary axoneme. Stable binding of the IFT‐B1 and IFT‐B2 subcomplexes by IFT52 in the IFT‐B complex regulates recycling of ciliary components and maintenance of ciliary functions such as signal transduction and molecular movement. Mutations in theIFT52gene can disrupt ciliary trafficking, resulting in dysfunctional cilia and affecting cellular processes in ciliopathies. Such ciliopathies caused byIFT52mutations exhibit a wide range of clinical features, including skeletal developmental abnormalities, retinal degeneration, respiratory failure and neurological abnormalities in affected individuals. Therefore, IFT52 serves as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of various ciliopathies, including short‐rib thoracic dysplasia 16 with or without polydactyly. Here, we provide an overview of the IFT52‐mediated molecular mechanisms underlying ciliary transport and describe theIFT52mutations that cause different disorders associated with cilia dysfunction.
The European Union's Global Gateway: An institutional and economic overview
Authors: Tagliapietra Simone
Published: January 2024

Infrastructure investments are the material way of turning sustainable development goals into practice. Climate action requires renewable energy plants, power grids and electric‐vehicle charging infrastructure, in the same way that health requires hospitals, education requires schools or connectivity requires ports. In this context, the Global Gateway can help meet the European Union (EU)'s international pledges, such as on climate finance, by supporting partner countries in the implementation of their sustainable development agendas. It can enable EU industry to enter new growing markets, a win for EU industrial policy. On top of this, it can help economic development in the EU's partner countries, providing an invaluable foreign policy dividend for the EU. In geopolitical terms, the Global Gateway can help the EU better position itself in the global infrastructure and connectivity race. Rule‐based cooperation focussed on a clear set of priorities represents an attractive alternative to the Belt and Road Initiative in several partner countries, starting in Africa. By scaling up cooperation on economic and social infrastructure projects, the EU thus has an opportunity to promote its values and vision of sustainability in a way that is tangible and long‐lasting.
On the Σ$\Sigma$‐invariants of Artin groups satisfying the K(π,1)$K(\pi,1)$‐conjecture
Authors: Escartín‐Ferrer Marcos , Martínez‐Perez Conchita
Published: January 2024

We consider ‐invariants of Artin groups that satisfy the ‐conjecture. These invariants determine the cohomological finiteness conditions of subgroups that contain the derived subgroup. We extend a known result for even Artin groups of FC‐type, giving a sufficient condition for a character to belong to . We also prove some partial converses. As applications, we prove that the ‐conjecture holds true when there is a prime that divides for any edge with even label , we generalize to Artin groups the homological version of the Bestvina–Brady theorem and we compute the ‐invariants of all irreducible spherical and affine Artin groups and triangle Artin groups, which provide a complete classification of the and properties of their derived subgroup.
Geometry of canonical genus 4 curves
Authors: Rezaee Fatemeh
Published: January 2024

We apply the machinery of Bridgeland stability conditions on derived categories of coherent sheaves to describe the geometry of classical moduli spaces associated with canonical genus 4 space curves via an effective control over its wall‐crossing. This article provides the first description of a moduli space of Pandharipande–Thomas stable pairs that is used as an intermediate step toward the description of the associated Hilbert scheme, which in turn is the first example where the components of a classical moduli space were completely determined via wall‐crossing. We give a full list of irreducible components of the space of stable pairs, along with a birational description of each component, and a partial list for the Hilbert scheme. There are several long standing open problems regarding classical sheaf theoretic moduli spaces, and the present work will shed light on further studies of such moduli spaces such as Hilbert schemes of curves and moduli of stable pairs that are very hard to tackle without the wall‐crossing techniques.
Training Regimen of an Elite Ultramarathon Runner: A Case Study of What Led Up to the 24-Hour World-Record Run
Authors: Byrne Jonathan , Lynch Sarah , Mokha G. Monique
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Ultramarathon running has gained popularity over several decades. Although there has been considerable research on training for other running events, from the 100-m to the marathon at 26.2 miles (42.2 km), there is little evidence on best practices for ultramarathons, where distances potentially exceed 100 miles (160.9 km). Methods: In this case study, we examine the training regimen of an elite ultramarathon runner who broke 8 world records in 2021 and 2022, including the 24-hour run in which he ran 319.6 km in September 2022. Training data from December 28, 2020, to September 17, 2022, were collected from the Strava application database (recorded on Coros watch) and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and Tableau. Results: Our subject completed 5 training blocks, with volume per training block averaging 172.1 to 263 km/wk. Peak running volume per training block occurred on average 3.2 weeks out from races and reached a maximum of 378 km/wk. Recovery was emphasized the week following a race, with less running (19 km/wk) and more cross-training. Interval-type workouts (1- to 10-km repeats) were completed throughout training blocks. The average pace during the 24-hour world-record run was 4 minutes and 30 seconds per kilometer (4:30/km), closely matching the overall average training pace. Conclusions: These findings suggest that training for ultramarathon races should include high-volume running at varied paces and intensity with cross-training to avoid injuries. We hope that this evidence helps athletes understand how to prepare for these ultraendurance events.
Strain modulation in crumpled Si nanomembranes: Light detection beyond the Si absorption limit
Authors: Katiyar Ajit K. , Kim Beom Jin , Lee Gwanjin , Kim Youngjae , Kim Justin S. , Kim Jin Myung , Nam SungWoo , Lee JaeDong , Kim Hyunmin , Ahn Jong-Hyun
Published: January 2024

Although Si is extensively used in micro-nano electronics, its inherent optical absorption cutoff at 1100-nm limits its photonic and optoelectronic applications in visible to partly near infrared (NIR) spectral range. Recently, strain engineering has emerged as a promising approach for extending device functionality via tuning the material properties, including change in optical bandgap. In this study, the reduction in bandgap with applied strain was used for extending the absorption limit of crystalline Si up to 1310 nm beyond its intrinsic bandgap, which was achieved by creating the crumpled structures in Si nanomembranes (NMs). The concept was used to develop a prototype NIR image sensor by organizing metal-semiconductor-metal–configured crumpled Si NM photosensing pixels in 6 × 6 array. The geometry-controlled, self-sustained strain induction in Si NMs provided an exclusive photon management with shortening of optical bandgap and enhanced photoresponse beyond the conventional Si absorption limit.
A meta-analysis of Boolean network models reveals design principles of gene regulatory networks
Authors: Kadelka Claus , Butrie Taras-Michael , Hilton Evan , Kinseth Jack , Schmidt Addison , Serdarevic Haris
Published: January 2024

Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) play a central role in cellular decision-making. Understanding their structure and how it impacts their dynamics constitutes thus a fundamental biological question. GRNs are frequently modeled as Boolean networks, which are intuitive, simple to describe, and can yield qualitative results even when data are sparse. We assembled the largest repository of expert-curated Boolean GRN models. A meta-analysis of this diverse set of models reveals several design principles. GRNs exhibit more canalization, redundancy, and stable dynamics than expected. Moreover, they are enriched for certain recurring network motifs. This raises the important question why evolution favors these design mechanisms.
Taming nonclassical carbocations to control small ring reactivity
Authors: McNamee Ryan E. , Frank Nils , Christensen Kirsten E. , Duarte Fernanda , Anderson Edward A.
Published: January 2024

Prediction of the outcome of ring opening of small organic rings under cationic conditions can be challenging due to the intermediacy of nonclassical carbocations. For example, the solvolysis of cyclobutyl or cyclopropylmethyl derivatives generates up to four products on nucleophilic capture or elimination via cyclopropylcarbinyl and bicyclobutonium ions. Here, we show that such reaction outcomes can be controlled by subtle changes to the structure of nonclassical carbocation. Using bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes as cation precursors, the regio- and stereochemistry of ring opening is shown to depend on the degree and nature of the substituents on the cationic intermediates. Reaction outcomes are rationalized using computational models, resulting in a flowchart to predict product formation from a given cation precursor.
Eradication genomics—lessons for parasite control
Authors: Cotton James A. , Berriman Matthew , Dalén Love , Barnes Ian
Published: January 2024

Genomic surveillance could help achieve targets for the elimination of tropical diseases
Tuft cells and fibroblasts promote thymus regeneration through ILC2-mediated type 2 immune response
Authors: Nevo Shir , Frenkel Noga , Kadouri Noam , Gome Tom , Rosenthal Noa , Givony Tal , Avin Ayelet , Peligero Cruz Cristina , Kedmi Merav , Lindzen Moshit , Ben Dor Shifra , Damari Golda , Porat Ziv , Haffner-Krausz Rebecca , Keren-Shaul Hadas , Yarden Yosef , Munitz Ariel , Leshkowitz Dena , Goldfarb Yael , Abramson Jakub
Published: January 2024

The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ that is essential for the establishment of adaptive immunity through generation of immunocompetent T cells. In response to various stress signals, the thymus undergoes acute but reversible involution. However, the mechanisms governing its recovery are incompletely understood. Here, we used a dexamethasone-induced acute thymic involution mouse model to investigate how thymic hematopoietic cells (excluding T cells) contribute to thymic regeneration. scRNA-seq analysis revealed marked transcriptional and cellular changes in various thymic populations and highlighted thymus-resident innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2) as a key cell type involved in the response to damage. We identified that ILC2 are activated by the alarmins IL-25 and IL-33 produced in response to tissue damage by thymic tuft cells and fibroblasts, respectively. Moreover, using mouse models deficient in either tuft cells and/or IL-33, we found that these alarmins are required for effective thymus regeneration after dexamethasone-induced damage. We also demonstrate that upon their damage-dependent activation, thymic ILC2 produce several effector molecules linked to tissue regeneration, such as amphiregulin and IL-13, which in turn promote thymic epithelial cell differentiation. Collectively, our study elucidates a previously undescribed role for thymic tuft cells and fibroblasts in thymus regeneration through activation of the type 2 immune response.
Genomic investigation unveils colistin resistance mechanism in carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
clinical isolates
Authors: Vijayakumar Saranya , Swetha Rayapadi G. , Bakthavatchalam Yamuna Devi , Vasudevan Karthick , Abirami Shankar Baby , Kirubananthan Agilandeeswari , Walia Kamini , Ramaiah Sudha , Biswas Indranil , Veeraraghavan Balaji , Anbarasu Anand
Published: January 2024

Colistin resistance in
Acinetobacter baumannii
is mediated by multiple mechanisms. Recently, mutations within
pmrABC
two-component system and overexpression of
eptA
gene due to upstream insertion of IS
Aba1
have been shown to play a major role. Thus, the aim of our study is to characterize colistin resistance mechanisms among the clinical isolates of
A. baumannii
in India. A total of 207 clinical isolates of
A. baumannii
collected from 2016 to 2019 were included in this study. Mutations within lipid A biosynthesis and
pmrABC
genes were characterized by whole-genome shotgun sequencing. Twenty-eight complete genomes were further characterized by hybrid assembly approach to study insertional inactivation of
lpx
genes and the association of IS
Aba1-eptA
. Several single point mutations (SNPs), like M12I in
pmrA
, A138T and A444V in
pmrB
, and E117K in
lpxD,
were identified. We are the first to report two novel SNPs (T7I and V383I) in the
pmrC
gene. Among the five colistin-resistant
A. baumannii
isolates where complete genome was available, the analysis showed that three of the five isolates had IS
Aba1
insertion upstream of
eptA
. No
mcr
genes were identified among the isolates. We mapped the SNPs on the respective protein structures to understand the effect on the protein activity. We found that majority of the SNPs had little effect on the putative protein function; however, some SNPs might destabilize the local structure. Our study highlights the diversity of colistin resistance mechanisms occurring in
A. baumannii,
and IS
Aba1
-driven
eptA
overexpression is responsible for colistin resistance among the Indian isolates.

IMPORTANCE

Acinetobacter baumannii
is a Gram-negative, emerging and opportunistic bacterial pathogen that is often associated with a wide range of nosocomial infections. The treatment of these infections is hindered by increase in the occurrence of
A. baumannii
strains that are resistant to most of the existing antibiotics. The current drug of choice to treat the infection caused by
A. baumannii
is colistin, but unfortunately, the bacteria started to show resistance to the last-resort antibiotic. The loss of lipopolysaccharides and mutations in lipid A biosynthesis genes are the main reasons for the colistin resistance. The present study characterized 207
A. baumannii
clinical isolates and constructed complete genomes of 28 isolates to recognize the mechanisms of colistin resistance. We showed the mutations in the colistin-resistant variants within genes essential for lipid A biosynthesis and that cause these isolates to lose the ability to produce lipopolysaccharides.
Postfire stream responses to spatial fire patterns in riparian and upland zones
Authors: McMahon Conor , Cooper Scott D. , Wiseman Sheila W.
Published: January 2024

Wildfire frequency and intensity are increasing in many parts of the world, often with substantial repercussions for stream ecosystems. The severity, scale, and patterns of wildfire burning can differ between riparian and upland zones due to differences in environmental conditions and vegetation. However, little research has focused on differences in burn patterns in riparian versus upland zones and their implications for stream characteristics. We studied fire patterns and postfire vegetation trajectories in riparian versus upland areas across 26 stream sites in coastal southern California over 12 years, as well as the relationships of burn patterns to stream variables after fire. Upland environments burned more severely and more extensively than did riparian woodlands, and this difference was magnified for perennially flowing streams, along which riparian woodlands burned less severely than those along intermittent streams. Burned vegetation returned to prefire canopy cover and greenness in both riparian and upland areas in about 8 years with regrowth delayed by a prolonged drought. Additionally, we observed differences in spatial burn patterns and vegetation regrowth in upland versus riparian zones, with greater local patchiness in upland settings, likely due to differences between upland and riparian areas in the spatial patterns of hydrologic, topographic, and vegetative drivers of fire and vegetation reestablishment. We then assessed relationships between spatial fire patterns and geomorphological, physical, hydrochemical, and biological conditions at creek sites. We observed relationships that were generally attributable to either the local destruction of riparian woodland along the streams or to changes in the basin-scale movement of water, nutrients, and sediment following fire and postfire floods. Basin-scale burn patterns were associated with increases in sediment deposition, reduction in pool and riffle habitat extents, and changes in particulate organic matter during the first and second years after fires; impacts subsided about a year after the first substantial postfire flows. In contrast, loss of riparian canopy cover was associated with increases in light level, temperature, algal cover and biomass, density of algivorous invertebrates and amphibians, and water conductivity, as well as decreases in particulate organic matter and invertebrate shredders. In contrast to impacts from basin-scale burn patterns, impacts from the local loss of riparian canopy cover persisted for longer periods of time, paralleling riparian woodland reestablishment and growth.