bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response of N2O emission and denitrification genes to different inorganic and organic amendments
Authors: Yang Yajun , Liu Hexiang , Lv Jialong
Published: March 2022

Denitrification is a key biochemical process in nitrogen cycling and nitrous oxide (N2O) production. In this study, the impacts of different inorganic and organic amendments (OAs) on the abundance of denitrifying genes (nirS, nirK and nosZ) and the level of N2O emission were examined with incubation experiments. Six treatments included the indicated applications: (i) no fertilization (CK); (ii) urea application alone (U); (iii) wheat straw plus urea (U + WS); (iv) pig manure plus urea (U + PM); (v) compost product plus urea (U + CP); and (vi) improved compost product plus urea (U + IC). The results indicated that all fertilization treatments increased accumulative N2O emissions compared with the CK treatment. The U + WS, U + PM and U + CP treatments increased N2O emissions by 2.12–141.3%, and the U + IC treatment decreased N2O emissions by 23.24% relative to the U treatment. nirK was the dominant denitrification gene rather than nirS and nosZ found in soil. Additionally, the highest abundance of nirK gene was that with the U + PM treatment, and the lowest was that with the U + IC treatment. Additionally, changes in the nirK gene were highly correlated with levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3–N). Automatic linear modeling revealed that N2O emission was closely related to the nirK gene, DOC and NO3–N. Overall, the use of urea and improved compost as co-amendments retarded N2O emission to a considerable degree compared with other OA additions.
RGB-D based multi-modal deep learning for spacecraft and debris recognition
Authors: AlDahoul Nouar , Karim Hezerul Abdul , Momo Mhd Adel
Published: March 2022

Recognition of space objects including spacecraft and debris is one of the main components in the space situational awareness (SSA) system. Various tasks such as satellite formation, on-orbit servicing, and active debris removal require object recognition to be done perfectly. The recognition task in actual space imagery is highly complex because the sensing conditions are largely diverse. The conditions include various backgrounds affected by noise, several orbital scenarios, high contrast, low signal-to-noise ratio, and various object sizes. To address the problem of space recognition, this paper proposes a multi-modal learning solution using various deep learning models. To extract features from RGB images that have spacecraft and debris, various convolutional neural network (CNN) based models such as ResNet, EfficientNet, and DenseNet were explored. Furthermore, RGB based vision transformer was demonstrated. Additionally, End-to-End CNN was used for classification of depth images. The final decision of the proposed solution combines the two decisions from RGB based and Depth-based models. The experiments were carried out using a novel dataset called SPARK which was generated under a realistic space simulation environment. The dataset includes various images with eleven categories, and it is divided into 150 k of RGB images and 150 k of depth images. The proposed combination of RGB based vision transformer and Depth-based End-to-End CNN showed higher performance and better results in terms of accuracy (85%), precision (86%), recall (85%), and F1 score (84%). Therefore, the proposed multi-modal deep learning is a good feasible solution to be utilized in real tasks of SSA system.
Identifying potential zones for rainwater harvesting interventions for sustainable intensification in the semi-arid tropics
Authors: Garg Kaushal K. , Akuraju Venkataradha , Anantha K. H. , Singh Ramesh , Whitbread Anthony M. , Dixit Sreenath
Published: March 2022

Decentralized rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a promising approach to mitigate drought in the drylands. However, an insufficient understanding of its impact on hydrological processes has resulted in poor resource planning in this area. This study is a meta-analysis of 25 agricultural watersheds representing a range of rainfall and soil types in the semi-arid tropics. Rainfall-runoff-soil loss relationship was calculated at daily, monthly and yearly levels, and the impact of RWH interventions on surface runoff and soil loss was quantified. A linear relationship was observed between daily rainfall and surface runoff up to 120 mm of rainfall intensity, which subsequently saw an exponential increase. About 200–300 mm of cumulative rainfall is the threshold to initiate surface runoff in the Indian semi-arid tropics. Rainwater harvesting was effective in terms of enhancing groundwater availability (2.6–6.9 m), crop intensification (40–100%) and farmers’ incomes (50–200%) in different benchmark watersheds. An average of 40 mm of surface runoff was harvested annually and it reduced soil loss by 70% (3 ton/ha/year compared to 1 ton/ha/year in non-intervention stage. The study further quantified runoff at 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles, and found that more than 70% of the area in the Indian semi-arid tropics has high to medium potential for implementing RWH interventions.
The association between social network index, atrial fibrillation, and mortality in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Kornej Jelena , Ko Darae , Lin Honghuang , Murabito Joanne M. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Trinquart Ludovic , Preis Sarah R.
Published: March 2022

Social isolation might be considered as a marker of poor health and higher mortality. The aim of our analysis was to assess the association of social network index (SNI) with incident AF and death. We selected participants aged ≥ 55 years without prevalent AF from the Framingham Heart Study. We evaluated the association between social isolation measured by the Berkman-Syme Social Network Index (SNI), incident AF, and mortality without diagnosed AF. We assessed the risk factor-adjusted associations between SNI (the sum of 4 components: marriage status, close friends/relatives, religious service attendance, social group participation), incident AF, and mortality without AF by using Fine-Gray competing risk regression models. We secondarily examined the outcome of all-cause mortality. We included 3454 participants (mean age 67 ± 10 years, 58% female). During 11.8 ± 5.2 mean years of follow-up, there were 686 incident AF cases and 965 mortality without AF events. Individuals with fewer connections had lower rates of incident AF (P = 0.04) but higher rates of mortality without AF (P = 0.03). Among SNI components, only social group participation was associated with higher incident AF (subdistribution hazards ratio [sHR] 1.35, 95% CI 1.16–1.57, P = 0.0001). For mortality without AF, social group participation (sHR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.71–0.93, P = 0.002) and regular religious service attendance sHR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.67–0.87, P < 0.0001) were associated with lower risk of death. Social isolation was associated with a higher rate of mortality without diagnosed AF. In contrast to our hypothesis, we observed that poor social connectedness was associated with a lower rate of incident AF. This finding should be interpreted cautiously since there were very few participants in the lowest social connectedness group. Additionally, the seemingly protective effect of social isolation on AF incidence may be simply an artifact of the strong association between social isolation and increased mortality rate in combination with the large number of deaths as compared to AF events in our study. Further study is warranted.
Locking and unlocking of quantum nonlocality without entanglement in local discrimination of quantum states
Authors: Ha Donghoon , Kim Jeong San
Published: March 2022

The phenomenon of nonlocality without entanglement (NLWE) arises in discriminating multi-party quantum separable states. Recently, it has been found that the post-measurement information about the prepared subensemble can lock or unlock NLWE in minimum-error discrimination of non-orthogonal separable states. Thus It is natural to ask whether the availability of the post-measurement information can influence on the occurrence of NLWE even in other state-discrimination strategies. Here, we show that the post-measurement information can be used to lock as well as unlock the occurrence of NLWE in terms of optimal unambiguous discrimination. Our results can provide a useful application for hiding or sharing information based on non-orthogonal separable states.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis and surgical outcomes of adnexal masses in children and adolescents
Authors: Kang Gun Gu , So Kyeong A , Hwang Ji Young , Kim Nae Ri , Yang Eun Jung , Shim Seung Hyuk , Lee Sun Joo , Kim Tae Jin
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, clinical diagnosis, surgical treatment, and histopathological findings of adnexal masses in children and adolescents. This retrospective study included patients aged < 20 years who were diagnosed with adnexal masses between January 2005 and December 2018 at the Konkuk University Medical Center. Adnexal masses were diagnosed in 406 patients. The mean age of patients was 17.3 years at the time of diagnosis. The primary presenting symptoms and signs were abdominal pain (81.4%), mass per abdomen (13.7%), dysmenorrhea (3.4%), incidental finding (2%), and abdominal distention (0.5%). In total, 204 patients underwent surgery for adnexal masses, and 202 patients were observed without surgery. Histopathological examination revealed 110 benign neoplasms, 72 non-neoplastic lesions, 3 ectopic pregnancies, 3 tubo-ovarian abscesses, 7 borderline malignant tumors, and 9 non-epithelial ovarian malignant tumors. Abdominal pain was the most common reason for hospital visits and surgery in adolescents and young women with adnexal masses. The ultrasonographic diagnosis was consistent with the histopathological diagnosis. In recent years, the use of minimally invasive surgery such as laparoscopy and robotic, has increased in young patients with adnexal masses.
Preparation of biologically activated lignite immobilized SRB particles and their AMD treatment characteristics
Authors: Di Junzhen , Jiang Yangyang , Wang Mingjia , Dong Yanrong
Published: March 2022

In response to the insufficient supply of carbon sources and the toxicity of heavy metal ions when using sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) to treat acid mine wastewater (AMD), the immobilized particles are prepared with Rhodopseudomonas, SRB and lignite as the main raw materials. And based on single factor test and orthogonal test to determine the optimal ratio of biologically activated lignite fixed SRB particles. The adsorption characteristics of immobilized particles were studied under the optimal ratio, and the reaction kinetics and adsorption capacity of SRB particles immobilized on biologically activated lignite to different ions were analyzed. The results show that: lignite not only has good adsorption performance, but also can be used as the carbon source of SRB after being degraded by Rhodopseudomonas, solving the problems of low removal efficiency of SRB treatment of AMD and insufficient carbon source supply. When the dosage of lignite (particle size is 200 mesh), Rhodopseudomonas, and SRB are 3%, 10%, and 10% mesh, the prepared biologically activated lignite-immobilized SRB particles have the best effect on AMD treatment. The removal rates of SO42−, Zn2+, and Cu2+ were 83.21%, 99.59%, and 99.93%, respectively, the pH was increased to 7.43, the COD release was 523 mg/L, and the ORP value was − 134 mV. The reduction process of SO42− by the biologically activated lignite-immobilized SRB particles conforms to the pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the adsorption of Zn2+ is more in line with the Freundlich isotherm adsorption equation and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. And it does not spread in a single form, both internal and external diffusion occur. SEM, FT-IR, and BET analysis of biologically activated lignite immobilized SRB particles showed that the pore structure is developed, has a large number of adsorption sites, and some activated groups participate in the reaction. The adsorption process of Zn2+ and Cu2+ in AMD meets the multi-layer adsorption theory.
New insights into the resistance mechanism for the BceAB-type transporter SaNsrFP
Authors: Gottstein Julia , Zaschke-Kriesche Julia , Unsleber Sandra , Voitsekhovskaia Irina , Kulik Andreas , Behrmann Lara V. , Overbeck Nina , Stühler Kai , Stegmann Evi , Smits Sander H. J.
Published: March 2022

Treatment of bacterial infections is one of the major challenges of our time due to the evolved resistance mechanisms of pathogens against antibiotics. To circumvent this problem, it is necessary to understand the mode of action of the drug and the mechanism of resistance of the pathogen. One of the most potent antibiotic targets is peptidoglycan (PGN) biosynthesis, as this is an exclusively occurring and critical feature of bacteria. Lipid II is an essential PGN precursor synthesized in the cytosol and flipped into the outer leaflet of the membrane prior to its incorporation into nascent PGN. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as nisin and colistin, targeting PGN synthesis are considered promising weapons against multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, human pathogenic bacteria that were also resistant to these compounds evolved by the expression of an ATP-binding cassette transporter of the bacitracin efflux (BceAB) type localized in the membrane. In the human pathogenStreptococcus agalactiae, the BceAB transporterSaNsrFP is known to confer resistance to the antimicrobial peptide nisin. The exact mechanism of action forSaNsrFP is poorly understood. For a detailed characterization of the resistance mechanism, we heterologously expressedSaNsrFP inLactococcus lactis. We demonstrated thatSaNsrFP conferred resistance not only to nisin but also to a structurally diverse group of antimicrobial PGN-targeting compounds such as ramoplanin, lysobactin, or bacitracin/(Zn)-bacitracin. Growth experiments revealed thatSaNsrFP-producing cells exhibited normal behavior when treated with nisin and/or bacitracin, in contrast to the nonproducing cells, for which growth was significantly reduced. We further detected the accumulation of PGN precursors in the cytoplasm after treating the cells with bacitracin. This did not appear whenSaNsrFP was produced. Whole-cell proteomic protein experiments verified that the presence ofSaNsrFP inL. lactisresulted in higher production of several proteins associated with cell wall modification. These included, for example, theN-acetylmuramic acid-6-phosphate etherase MurQ and UDP-glucose 4-epimerase. Analysis of components of the cell wall ofSaNsrFP-producing cells implied that the transporter is involved in cell wall modification. Since we used an ATP-deficient mutant of the transporter as a comparison, we can show thatSaNsrFP and its inactive mutant do not show the same phenotype, albeit expressed at similar levels, which demonstrates the ATP dependency of the mediated resistance processes. Taken together, our data agree to a target protection mechanism and imply a direct involvement ofSaNsrFP in resistance by shielding the membrane-localized target of these antimicrobial peptides, resulting in modification of the cell wall.
Degradation and de novo formation of nine major glucose degradation products during storage of peritoneal dialysis fluids
Authors: Gensberger-Reigl Sabrina , Weigel Ingrid , Stützer Joachim , Auditore Andrea , Nikolaus Tim , Pischetsrieder Monika
Published: March 2022

Reactive glucose degradation products (GDPs) are formed during heat sterilization of glucose-containing peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs) and may induce adverse clinical effects. Long periods of storage and/or transport of PDFs before use may lead to de novo formation or degradation of GDPs. Therefore, the present study quantified the GDP profiles of single- and double-chamber PDFs during storage. Glucosone, 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), 3-deoxygalactosone (3-DGal), 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE), glyoxal, methylglyoxal (MGO), acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) were quantified by two validated UHPLC-DAD methods after derivatization with o-phenylenediamine (dicarbonyls) or 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (monocarbonyls). The PDFs were stored at 50 °C for 0, 1, 2, 4, 13, and 26 weeks. The total GDP concentration of single-chamber PDFs did not change considerably during storage (496.6 ± 16.0 µM, 0 weeks; 519.1 ± 13.1 µM, 26 weeks), but individual GDPs were affected differently. 3-DG (− 82.6 µM) and 3-DGal (− 71.3 µM) were degraded, whereas 5-HMF (+ 161.7 µM), glyoxal (+ 32.2 µM), and formaldehyde (+ 12.4 µM) accumulated between 0 and 26 weeks. Acetaldehyde, glucosone, MGO, and 3,4-DGE showed time-dependent formation and degradation. The GDP concentrations in double-chamber fluids were generally lower and differently affected by storage. In conclusion, the changes of GDP concentrations during storage should be considered for the evaluation of clinical effects of PDFs.
Technical feasibility analysis and introduction strategy of the virtually coupled train set concept
Authors: Stickel Sebastian , Schenker Moritz , Dittus Holger , Unterhuber Paul , Canesi Stefano , Riquier Vincent , Ayuso Francisco Parrilla , Berbineau Marion , Goikoetxea Javier
Published: March 2022

Today’s railway network capacity is limited by constraints imposed by traditional train protection systems. A way to overcome those limitations, maximize the railway network performance and also increase the operational flexibility is presented by the Virtually Coupled Train Set (VCTS) concept. This paper evaluates the technical feasibility of this approach, that was developed and is further evaluated in the framework of the Shift2Rail (S2R) project X2Rail-3. The main functionality of virtually coupled train sets is achieved by replacing the mechanical coupler between two railway vehicles by an electronic (virtual) coupling link. This operational change requires a permanent vehicle-to-vehicle communication and precise distance measurement, while enabling much faster coupling and decoupling procedures, increased interoperability and the operation of trains with a headway below absolute braking distance. To evaluate the technical feasibility of the VCTS concept, a series of technical and operational subsystem have been identified and analyzed. Interviews with experts from a variety of VCTS linked topics have been conducted, to evaluate the state of the art and new developments for those subsystems. Subsequently, the capabilities of the subsystems have been compared with the requirements of the VCTS system. In addition, different mitigations to overcome possible obstacles have been identified and evaluated. As the result, the most critical technical aspects for the implementation and success of VCTS have been identified as the requirement of controllable, fast and accurate responding braking systems, the availability of suitable communication technologies and frequency bands, the need for highly-accurate measurement of distance, speed and acceleration and the fast detection and monitoring of train integrity. Considering those results, a qualitative roadmap for the future VCTS development and introduction strategy is derived.
Study on structural geometry and dynamic property of [NH3(CH2)5NH3]CdCl4 crystal at phases I, II, and III
Authors: Lim Ae Ran , Joo Yong Lak
Published: March 2022

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites can potentially be used in electrochemical devices, such as batteries and fuel cells. In this study, the structure and phase transition temperatures of the organic–inorganic material [NH3(CH2)5NH3]CdCl4 crystal were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. From the nuclear magnetic resonance results, the crystallographic configurations of 1H, 13C, and 14N in the cation changed at temperatures close to TC1 (336 K), whereas that of 113Cd in the anion shows significant changes at temperatures close to TC1 and TC2 (417 K). The activation energy, Ea, values for 1H and 13C obtained from the spin–lattice relaxation time, T1ρ, below and above TC1 were evaluated, where the Ea value for 13C was more flexible at low temperatures than at high temperatures. In addition, the effect on molecular motion was effective at high temperatures. The phase transition at 336 K was associated with the change in the N–H···Cl bond due to the change in the coordination geometry of Cl around Cd in the CdCl6 anion. On the other hand, the phase transition at 417 K was related to the ferroelastic phase transition attributed to the twin domains.
Association between asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic otitis media
Authors: Kim Sung Kyun , Hong Seok Jin , Yoo Dae Myoung , Min Chanyang , Choi Hyo Geun
Published: March 2022

We hypothesized that asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) might increase the risk of chronic otitis media (COM), as asthma or COPD affects other diseases. The aim of this research was to investigate whether the incidence of COM is affected by a diagnosis of asthma or COPD in patients compared to matched controls from the national health screening cohort. A COM group (n = 11,587) and a control group that was 1:4 matched for age, sex, income, and residence area (n = 46,348) were selected. The control group included participants who never received treatment for COM from Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort from 2002 to 2015. The crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of previous asthma/COPD before the index date for COM were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. The analyses were stratified by age, sex, income, and region of residence. The period prevalence of asthma (17.5% vs. 14.3%, p < 0.001) and COPD (6.6% vs. 5.0%, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the COM group than in the control group. In addition, the odds of asthma and COPD were significantly higher in the COM group than in the control group. Both asthma (adjusted OR 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–1.31, p < 0.001) and COPD (adjusted OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.13–1.35, p < 0.001) increased the ORs for COM. This positive association between asthma/COPD and COM indicates that asthma/COPD might increase the incidence of COM.
Dysfunction of lipid storage droplet-2 suppresses endoreplication and induces JNK pathway-mediated apoptotic cell death in Drosophila salivary glands
Authors: Binh Tran Duy , Nguyen Yen D. H. , Pham Tuan L. A. , Komori Kenichi , Nguyen Thanh Q. C. , Taninaka Masahide , Kamei Kaeko
Published: March 2022

The lipid storage droplet-2 (LSD-2) protein of Drosophila is a homolog of mammalian perilipin 2, which is essential for promoting lipid accumulation and lipid droplet formation. The function of LSD-2 as a regulator of lipolysis has also been demonstrated. However, other LSD-2 functions remain unclear. To investigate the role of LSD-2, we performed tissue-specific depletion in the salivary glands of Drosophila using a combination of the Gal4-upstream activating sequence system and RNA interference. LSD-2 depletion inhibited the entry of salivary gland cells into the endoreplication cycle and delayed this process by enhancing CycE expression, disrupting the development of this organ. The deficiency of LSD-2 expression enhanced reactive oxygen species production in the salivary gland and promoted JNK-dependent apoptosis by suppressing dMyc expression. This phenomenon did not result from lipolysis. Therefore, LSD-2 is vital for endoreplication cell cycle and cell death programs.
Comment on “Super-adsorbent hydrogel for removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution” by X.-S. Hu, R. Liang and G. Sun, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2018, 6, 17612–17624
Authors: Tran Hai Nguyen
Published: March 2022

The adsorption isotherm is expressed as the plot of qeversus Ce (not Co). Application of qevs. Co for calculating the parameters of adsorption isotherm models (i.e., Langmuir) leads to inaccuracy regarding the magnitude of their parameters.
Electronically-coupled redox centers in trimetallic cobalt complexes
Authors: Intrator Jeremy A. , Orchanian Nicholas M. , Clough Andrew J. , Haiges Ralf , Marinescu Smaranda C.
Published: March 2022

Synthesis and isolation of molecular building blocks of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can provide unique opportunities for characterization that would otherwise be inaccessible due to the heterogeneous nature of MOFs.
Bioactive phytoconstituents as potent inhibitors of casein kinase-2: dual implications in cancer and COVID-19 therapeutics
Authors: Anjum Farah , Sulaimani Md Nayab , Shafie Alaa , Mohammad Taj , Ashraf Ghulam Md. , Bilgrami Anwar L. , Alhumaydhi Fahad A. , Alsagaby Suliman A. , Yadav Dharmendra Kumar , Hassan Md. Imtaiyaz
Published: March 2022

Showing protein–ligands interactions, electrostatic potential of CK2 bound to selected compounds, free energy landscapes of CK2-stylopine, and CK2-dehydroevodiamines complexes.
Double-core–shell polysaccharide polymer networks for highly flexible, safe, and durable supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Pengzhen , Meng Zhaoting , Wang Xiaoxiao , Zhao Zhihui , Wang Yanghou , Quan Fengyu , Tian Weiliang , Yang Chao , Zhang Kewei , Xia Yanzhi
Published: March 2022

Biodegradable and flame-retardant double-core–shell polymer fiber electrodes are developed for integrating flexible solid-state supercapacitors, which are capable of working after serious damage, such as puncturing and burning.
Dynamic determination of Cu+ roles for CO2 reduction on electrochemically stable Cu2O-based nanocubes
Authors: Liu Jinze , Cheng Ling , Wang Yating , Chen Rongzhen , Xiao Chuqian , Zhou Xiaodong , Zhu Yihua , Li Yuhang , Li Chunzhong
Published: March 2022

Copper (Cu), as the most important and efficient catalyst, has been widely studied for electrochemically reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) into multi-carbon (C2+) products.
Scanning the optoelectronic properties of Cs4CuxAg2−2xSb2Cl12 double perovskite nanocrystals: the role of Cu2+ content
Authors: Zhang Ye , Sui Ning , Kang Zhihui , Meng Xiangdong , Yuan Long , Li Xianfeng , Zhang Han-zhuang , Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Yinghui
Published: March 2022

Double perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted much attention owing to their non-toxicity and excellent semiconducting characteristics.
Phototactic micromotor assemblies in dynamic line formations for wide-range micromanipulations
Authors: Guo Xia , Wang Yukuan , Mou Fangzhi , Xie Qi , Su Shu , Chen Chuanrui , Guan Jianguo
Published: March 2022

Isotropic magnetic-photocatalytic micromotors can self-organize into phototactic line-shape assemblies with rich emergent behaviors, and thus can accomplish wide–range cooperative manipulation of large cargoes in both open and confined environments.
A general carbon dot-based platform for intracellular delivery of proteins
Authors: Gao Libo , Xie Zhigang , Zheng Min
Published: March 2022

CDs were used as a kind of universal carriers to construct CDs-protein nanocomposites for intracellular protein delivery.
Comprehensive physicochemical and photovoltaic analysis of different Zn substitutes (Mn, Mg, Fe, Ni, Co, Ba, Sr) in CZTS-inspired thin film solar cells
Authors: Lie Stener , Guc Maxim , Tunuguntla Venkatesh , Izquierdo-Roca Victor , Siebentritt Susanne , Wong Lydia Helena
Published: March 2022

Comprehensive comparison among cations (X = Mn, Mg, Ni, Fe, Co, Ba, Sr) in Cu2XSnS4. Mn, Mg, Ba and Sr show photovoltaic responses, with Ba exhibiting the most potential.
Selecting the best dopant sites in proton-conducting pyrochlore oxides (La2(Nb1−xYx)2O7−δ) by probing hydration-induced local distortion
Authors: Han Donglin , Zhong Peng , Zhang Xiaorong , Jiang Lulu
Published: March 2022

Dopant sites benefiting hydration in La2(Nb,Y)2O7−δ pyrochlore oxides were determined by probing the hydration-induced chemical expansion, leading to a strategy to dope alkaline earth elements into the La-site to improve proton conduction.
Duetting electronic structure modulation of Ru atoms in RuSe2@NC enables more moderate H* adsorption and water dissociation for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Chen Ding , Lu Ruihu , Yao Youtao , Wu Dulan , Zhao Hongyu , Yu Ruohan , Pu Zonghua , Wang Pengyan , Zhu Jiawei , Yu Jun , Ji Pengxia , Kou Zongkui , Tang Haolin , Mu Shichun
Published: March 2022

With a duetting electronic structure modulation of Ru atoms, H* adsorption and water dissociation energies are optimized, allowing RuSe2@NC catalysts with higher HER activity than that of Pt catalysts and promising industrial-scale applications.
Highly efficient flexible Li–S full batteries with hollow Ru–RuO2−xnanofibers as robust polysulfide anchoring-catalysts and lithium dendrite inhibitors
Authors: Tian Yuan , Yang Ming , Wang Cheng
Published: March 2022

The synergy of defective Ru–RuO2−xheterostructures and N-doped hollow carbon nanofiber conductive fabric, can effectively alleviate polysulfide shuttling and realize uniform dendrite-free Li deposition, affording highly efficient Li–S full batteries.
Tailoring liquid crystals as vehicles for encapsulation and enzyme-triggered release
Authors: Pani Ipsita , Nailwal Yogendra , Dutta Sukanya , Pal Santanu Kumar
Published: March 2022

Enzyme-responsive aqueous interfaces of liquid crystals decorated with cleavable surfactants enable the controlled release of hydrophobic dye in contrast to the micellar nanocarriers.
The magnetic topology of the inverse Evershed flow
Authors: Prasad A. , Ranganathan M. , Beck C. , Choudhary D. P. , Hu Q.
Published: March 2022

Context. The inverse Evershed flow (IEF) is a mass motion towards sunspots at chromospheric heights.

Aims. We combined high-resolution observations of NOAA 12418 from the Dunn Solar Telescope and vector magnetic field measurements from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) to determine the driver of the IEF.

Methods. We derived chromospheric line-of-sight (LOS) velocities from spectra of Hα and Ca II IR. The HMI data were used in a non-force-free magnetic field extrapolation to track closed field lines near the sunspot in the active region. We determined their length and height, located their inner and outer foot points, and derived flow velocities along them.

Results. The magnetic field lines related to the IEF reach on average a height of 3 megameter (Mm) over a length of 13 Mm. The inner (outer) foot points are located at 1.2 (1.9) sunspot radii. The average field strength difference ΔB between inner and outer foot points is +400 G. The temperature difference ΔT is anti-correlated with ΔB with an average value of −100 K. The pressure difference Δp is dominated by ΔB and is primarily positive with a driving force towards the inner foot points of 1.7 kPa on average. The velocities predicted from Δp reproduce the LOS velocities of 2–10 km s−1 with a square-root dependence.

Conclusions. We find that the IEF is driven along magnetic field lines connecting network elements with the outer penumbra by a gas pressure difference that results from a difference in field strength as predicted by the classical siphon flow scenario.
Mécanismes d’action et rôles multiples des β-arrestines dans la biologie des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G
Authors: Reiter Eric
Published: March 2022

La stimulation des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G (RCPG) induit des réponses biologiques à un large éventail de signaux extracellulaires. Les protéines G hétérotrimériques, qui sont recrutées aux RCPG actifs, conduisent à la génération de divers seconds messagers diffusibles. En plus des protéines G, seules deux familles de protéines présentent également la caractéristique remarquable de reconnaître la conformation active de la majorité des RCPG et de s’y lier : les kinases spécifiques des RCPG (GRK) et les β-arrestines. Ces deux familles de protéines ont initialement été identifiées en tant qu’acteurs clefs de la désensibilisation de l’activation des protéines G par les RCPG. Au fil des années, les β-arrestines ont été impliquées dans un nombre croissant d’interactions avec des protéines non réceptrices, élargissant le panel des fonctions cellulaires dans lesquelles elles sont impliquées. Il est maintenant bien établi que les β-arrestines, en échafaudant et en recrutant des complexes protéiques de manière dépendante de l’agoniste, régulent directement le trafic et la signalisation des RCPG. Des avancées remarquables ont été réalisées au cours des dernières années qui ont permis i) d’identifier des ligands biaisés capables, en stabilisant des conformations particulières d’un nombre croissant de RCPG, d’activer ou de bloquer l’action des β-arrestines indépendamment de celle des protéines G, certains de ces ligands présentant un intérêt thérapeutique ; ii) de mettre en évidence le rôle des β-arrestines dans la compartimentalisation de la signalisation des RCPG au sein de la cellule, en particulier depuis les endosomes, et, iii) de comprendre les détails moléculaires de leur interaction avec les RCPG et de leur activation grâce à des approches structurales et biophysiques.
Les avancées récentes dans le domaine de la biologie structurale des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G de la classe C : Le récepteur métabotropique du glutamate 5
Authors: Berto Ludovic , Dumazer Anaëlle , Malhaire Fanny , Cannone Giuseppe , Kutti Ragunath Vinothkumar , Goudet Cyril , Lebon Guillaume
Published: March 2022

La classe C des Récepteurs Couplés aux Protéines G (RCPG) comprend plusieurs membres aux fonctions physiologiques importantes comme par exemple les récepteurs des principaux neurotransmetteurs excitateurs (glutamate) et inhibiteurs (GABA) du système nerveux, les récepteurs des goûts umami et sucré et les récepteurs sensibles au calcium. Ces récepteurs possèdent une architecture moléculaire particulière, caractérisée par la présence d’un large domaine extracellulaire (ECD) relié à un domaine membranaire composé de 7 hélices transmembranaires (7TM). De plus, ils forment tous des dimères obligatoires, la dimérisation étant fondamentale pour leur fonction. La fixation d’agoniste dans l’ECD induit l’activation du récepteur. L’activité des agonistes peut être modulée de manière allostérique par des modulateurs positifs (PAM) ou négatifs (NAM), se liant au domaine 7TM. Il est important de comprendre comment les changements de conformation induits par la liaison des agonistes au sein du domaine extracellulaire sont transmis au domaine transmembranaire mais aussi de comprendre les bases structurales et moléculaires de la régulation allostérique des récepteurs de la classe C. Les progrès récents de la microscopie électronique en conditions cryogéniques (cryoEM) ont permis des avancées sans précédent dans le décryptage des bases structurelles et moléculaires des mécanismes d’activation des RCPG de classe C, et notamment du récepteur métabotropique du glutamate de type 5 (mGlu5). Le glutamate entraîne une fermeture et un changement d’orientation des domaines extracellulaires qui induit un mouvement important entre les sous-unités, rapprochant les 7TM et stabilisant la conformation active du récepteur. La diversité de conformations inactives pour les récepteurs de la classe C était inattendue mais propice à une activation possible par des PAM. Ces derniers stabilisent une conformation active des 7TM, indépendante des changements conformationnels induits par les agonistes, représentant un mode alternatif d’activation des récepteurs mGlu. Nous présentons et discutons ici les caractérisations structurales récentes des récepteurs de classe C, en soulignant les résultats qui rendent cette famille de récepteurs unique. La compréhension de la base structurelle de la signalisation des dimères de mGlu représente une réalisation historique et ouvre la voie à l’analyse de la signalisation des dimères de RCPG en général. Ces analyses structurales devraient également ouvrir de nouvelles voies pour la conception de médicaments ciblant cette famille de récepteurs qui sont aussi des cibles thérapeutiques.
Rolling mill decarbonization: Tenova SmartBurners with 100% hydrogen
Authors: Della Rocca Alessandro , Astesiano Davide , Malfa Enrico
Published: March 2022

The European Green Deal, the Paris COP21 agreement, the EU roadmap for a competitive low-carbon economy in 2050 and more recently the “Fit for 55” package set the targets of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for several sectors. In this context, hydrogen will be relevant as a feedstock, fuel and energy storage solution. Today hydrogen use in steel industry is limited to annealing processes on a small quantity, therefore a complete transformation of the steelmaking production route from liquid steel process (Upstream) up to the rolling and finishing line (Downstream) requires development and validation of new technologies. The massive usage of hydrogen in steel industry is envisioned in the Carbon Direct Avoidance pathway reported in the Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) of the Private Public Partnership Clean Steel. The paper presents the Tenova SmartBurner technology: TSX recuperative flameless for reheating applications ready to use hydrogen as fuel (up to 100%), with nitric oxides reached in the operative range from 100% natural gas to 100% hydrogen – well below the next envisioned limits (80 mg/Nm3 at 5% of O2 with furnace at 1250 °C).
Bibliometrische Analyse von Forschungsgebieten, Publikationshierarchie und Autorengeschlecht der deutschen universitären Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie
Authors: Preut Jennifer , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Debus Eike Sebastian , Grundmann Reinhart T.
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund Ziel der vorliegenden bibliometrischen Untersuchung war es, Publikationsschwerpunkte, Studienart und Publikationsaktivitäten in Abhängigkeit von Hierarchiestufe und
Geschlecht des Autors deutscher unfallchirurgischer Universitätskliniken zu erfassen.

Material und Methodik Die Publikationsaktivitäten von Chef- und Oberärzten, Sektions- und Bereichsleitern von 39 deutschen unfallchirurgischen Universitätskliniken wurden für einen
10-Jahres-Zeitraum (1. Januar 2010 bis 31. Dezember 2019) erfasst. Berücksichtigt wurden alle Publikationen, die in PubMed gelistet waren und bei denen die entsprechenden Personen Erst- oder
Letztautor waren. Zusätzlich wurden der Impactfaktor (IF) und der h-Index bestimmt.

Ergebnisse 1739 (39,2%) Publikationen wurden von 180 Mitarbeitern der Universitätskliniken für Unfallchirurgie, 2699 (60,8%) von 343 Mitarbeitern der Kliniken für Unfallchirurgie und
Orthopädie erstellt. Am häufigsten bezogen sich die Publikationen auf Verletzungen bzw. Beeinträchtigungen der unteren Extremität inkl. Hüfte (n = 1626; 38,1%), gefolgt von der oberen
Extremität (n = 737; 17,3%). Der Schwerpunkt der Veröffentlichungen lag auf der Diagnostik (25,5%), gefolgt von Veröffentlichungen zur Operationstechnik (19,1%) und zu speziellen
Osteosynthesen (16,9%). Den höchsten durchschnittlichen IF pro Publikation erzielten Publikationen zu Plastiken (IF 2,02), zum Outcome (IF 1,96) und zur Diagnostik (IF 1,93). Direktoren
waren in 18,8%, Oberärzte mit Leitungsfunktion in 40,7% und Oberärzte ohne Leitungsfunktion in 69% Erstautoren und umgekehrt in 81,2%, 49,3% und 31,0% Letztautoren. 64 von 523 Mitgliedern
der Führungsmannschaft (12,2%) waren Frauen. Mit insgesamt 306 Autorschaften (6,1%) und mit 4,8 Autorschaften pro Mitarbeiterin publizierten sie signifikant weniger als die männlichen
Mitarbeiter (10,3 Autorschaften pro Mitarbeiter).

Folgerung In der vorliegenden Untersuchung machte bei den Oberärzten mit Leitungsfunktion der Anteil publizierender Mitarbeiter bei den Frauen 59,1%, bei den Männern aber 85,5% aus,
bei Oberärzten ohne Leitungsfunktion unterschieden sich Frauen und Männer hingegen nur geringfügig in dem Anteil publizierender Mitarbeiter (57,5% vs. 60,5%). Ob demnach mit der Dauer des
Berufslebens die Anforderungen von Familie und Beruf von Frauen schwerer als von Männern zu erfüllen sind, muss hinterfragt werden. Mentoringprogramme sind zu fordern, um die
Publikationsaktivität der in Zukunft zunehmenden Zahl weiblicher Bewerber vermehrt zu unterstützen.
Die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie in Altenpflegeheimen: Erkenntnisse und
Analysen in Frankfurt am Main von März 2020 bis September
2021
Authors: Heudorf Ursel , Gottschalk Rene , Müller Maria , Steul Katrin Simone
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund Bewohner von Altenpflegeheimen sind von der Corona-Pandemie
besonders betroffen. Daten aus der ersten Welle der Pandemie zeigen, dass in
vielen Ländern 30–70% aller Todesfälle an oder
mit SARS-CoV-2 Altenpflegeheimbewohner betreffen, obwohl deren Anteil in der
Bevölkerung in der Regel weniger als 1% ausmacht. Nachfolgend
werden die Erkenntnisse aus den Altenpflegeheimen (APH) in Frankfurt am Main
(März 2020-September 2021) vorgestellt und im Hinblick auf erforderliche
Verbesserungen diskutiert.

Material und Methoden Die Meldungen von SARS-CoV-2 Nachweisen im PCR-Test
von Bewohnern und Mitarbeitern in den APHs in Frankfurt am Main und die
erfragten Symptome, wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet. Darüber hinaus wurden
die Gesamtsterbefälle der Altenpflegeheime von 2018 bis Juni 2021
jeweils pro Quartal erfragt.

Ergebnisse In der ersten Welle (März-Mai 2020) wurden in Frankfurt
am Main 111 SARS-CoV-2 positive APH-Bewohner gemeldet, wovon 40%
asymptomatisch waren, 48% hospitalisiert wurden und 23%
verstarben. In den weiteren Phasen bis 30.09.2021 wurden weitere 1196 infizierte
Bewohner gemeldet. Diese waren meist asymptomatisch infiziert (70%),
insgesamt weniger schwer erkrankt und seltener hospitalisiert (27%).
Auch die Sterberate war mit 17,6% geringer als während der
ersten Phase. Die Gesamtsterblichkeit in den Frankfurter APH lag im Jahr 2020 um
7,6% höher als in 2019 und 1,1% höher als im
„Grippejahr“ 2018.

Diskussion Im Gegensatz zur ersten Welle, als nur wenige APH-Bewohner an
COVID-19 erkrankten, konnten in der zweiten Pandemiewelle im
Herbst/Winter 2020/21 bei hohen Inzidenzen in der
Allgemeinbevölkerung SARS-CoV-2-Einträge und
–Ausbrüche in den APH in Frankfurt nicht verhütet werden
–trotz umfangreicher Hygiene-, Infektionspräventions- und
Kontaktminderungsmaßnahmen (u. a.
Besuchseinschränkungen), die die Lebensqualität und
Persönlichkeitsrechte der Bewohner massiv einschränkten. Erst
mit zunehmender Impfrate bei Bewohnern und Mitarbeitern ab April 2021 kam es nur
noch zu einzelnen Einträgen; Ausbrüche traten nicht mehr auf.
Zum besseren Schutz der hochvulnerablen Altenpflegeheimbewohner wurde eine
angemessene Balance gefordert zwischen Infektionsschutz und der Vermeidung von
Kollateralschäden durch bestmögliche Aufrechterhaltung der
Freiheit und Lebensqualität der Altenpflegeheimbewohner.
Acquired Chiari Type I Malformation Associated with Type IV Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: Case Report
Authors: Luy Diego D. , Agarwal Nitin , McDowell Michael M. , Tonetti Daniel A. , Goldschmidt Ezequiel , Friedlander Robert M.
Published: March 2022

Background Chiari malformations, usually congenital, can rarely be associated with arteriovenous (AV) fistulas. We present the first case involving a type IV dural AV fistula with a Chiari type I malformation.

Methods Retrospective chart review was performed to obtain pertinent details regarding history and examination, pathologic findings, and treatment course.

Results A 63-year-old woman with a 2-year history of migraines presented with 5 months of occipital, right-sided headaches and neck pain exacerbated by Valsalva maneuvers. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head showed a possible right occipital AV malformation, bilateral cerebellar subdural hygromas, and tonsillar crowding at the foramen magnum indicating an acquired Chiari type I malformation. Angiography demonstrated a Cognardtype IV right posterior occipital dural AV fistula supplied by bilateral middle meningeal and posterior meningeal arteries.

Conclusion After treatment of the dural AV fistula, hygroma evacuation, and decompression of the acquired Chiari malformation, the patient's Valsalva-induced headaches abated.
High-speed Training in a Specific Context in Soccer: Transition
Games
Authors: Asian-Clemente Jose A. , Rabano-Muñoz Alberto , Requena Bernardo , Suarez-Arrones Luis
Published: March 2022

The aims of this study were to compare the load of three tasks designed to train
features of soccer: a transition game, a small-sided game with a change of
playing area, and a large-sided game. Twenty young elite players performed these
tasks. Variables measured were total distance covered (DC), distance covered at
14.0–17.9 km·h−1 (DC
14.0–17.9 km·h−1), distance
covered at 18.0–21 km·h−1 (DC
18–21 km·h−1), distance covered
> 21 km·h−1
(DC>21 km·h−1), peak speed,
accelerations and decelerations > 1.0 and
> 2.5 m·s−2, player load,
and rate of perceived exertion. Transition games produced greater DC
18–21 km·h−1,
DC>21 km·h−1, peak speed and
Acc>2.5 m·s−2 than the other
drills (p<0.01) and higher DC
14–17.9 km·h−1 (p<0.01),
Dec>1 m·s−2 (p<0.05) and
Dec>2.5 m·s−2 (p<0.01)
than the large-sided game. Both sided games produced more DC (p<0.01),
Acc>1 m·s−2 (p<0.01) and
player load (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) than the
transition game. During the small-sided game, significantly higher DC
14–17.9 km·h−1, DC
18–21 km·h−1 and
DC>21 km·h−1 were recorded in
comparison with the large-sided game (p<0.01). The studied parameters
showed lower variation in the transition game. Coaches could use transition
games to train high speed running in counter-attack contexts.
Intraneural Ganglion of the Peroneal Nerve—A Rare Cause of Pediatric Peroneal Nerve Palsy: A Case Report
Authors: Bucher Florian , Maerz Vincent , Obed Doha , Vogt Peter M. , Weyand Birgit
Published: March 2022

Intraneural ganglia are benign mucinous cysts located within the epineurium of a peripheral nerve. The pathogenesis and formation of intraneural ganglia are controversial. The main theories described in the literature are of degenerative, synovial or de novo occurrence. We present the case of a 14-year-old boy who presented in our outpatient clinic with a complaint of interdigital neuralgia between hallux and second toe, as well as left foot drop. MRI examination showed a hyperintense cystic distension of the common peroneal nerve measuring 130 mm × 5 mm extending from the poplitea to the anterior compartment of the leg. We performed microscopic decompression and neurolysis surgery. The cyst showed a sac-like distension at its distal end with connection to the tibiofibular joint and was resected. After 8 weeks, postoperatively, the boy claimed to be pain-free and slight recovery of the superficial peroneal nerve was noticed. At 6 months postoperative, the patient showed a continuous improvement of motor function, demonstrating foot eversion with 3/5 muscle strength and foot extension with 2/5 muscle strength. Intraneural ganglia reported for pediatric patients represent a very rare entity. To the best of our knowledge, less than 15 cases have been described within the English-speaking literature.