bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE OF Capillaria hepatica IN HUMANS AND RODENTS IN AN URBAN AREA OF THE CITY OF PORTO VELHO, RONDÔNIA, BRAZIL
Authors: Rocha Elierson José Gomes da , Basano Sérgio de Almeida , Souza Márcia Maria de , Honda Eduardo Resende , Castro Márcio Botelho de , Colodel Edson Moleta , Silva Jéssica Carolinne Damasceno e , Barros Lauro Prado , Rodrigues Elisa Sousa , Camargo Luís Marcelo Aranha
Published: January 2015

Introduction: Hepatic capillariosis, caused by Capillaria hepatica (Calodium hepaticum) (Bancroft, 1893), Travassos, 1915 (Nematoda, Trichinelloidea, Capillariidae), is a common zoonosis in rodents but is rare in humans. Seventy-two cases in humans have been reported worldwide since the first case was described by MACARTHUR in 192417,27. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Capillaria hepatica in humans and rodents in an urban area of Porto Velho, the capital of Rondônia, in Brazil. Methods: After conducting a census of the area, 490 residents were randomly selected, and, after signing a term of consent, provided blood samples that were screened for anti-Capillaria hepatica antibodies. Simultaneously, rats were captured to assess the prevalence of this parasite in rodents by histopathological examination in liver sections. Results: A prevalence of 1.8% was found among residents who had specific antibodies at a dilution of 1:150, indicating exposure to parasite eggs; 0.8% of the subjects also had positive titers at a dilution of 1:400, indicating true infection. The prevalence in rats was 2%. Conclusions: The prevalence of infection with this parasite among humans and rats was low. While the prevalence encountered among humans was within the limits reported in the literature, the prevalence among rodents was much lower.
TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS (TLR) 2 AND 4 EXPRESSION OF KERATINOCYTES FROM PATIENTS WITH LOCALIZED AND DISSEMINATED DERMATOPHYTOSIS
Authors: Oliveira Cristiane Beatriz de , Vasconcellos Cídia , Sakai-Valente Neusa Y. , Sotto Mirian Nacagami , Luiz Fernanda Guedes , Belda JÚNIOR Walter , Sousa Maria da Gloria Teixeira de , Benard Gil , Criado Paulo Ricardo
Published: January 2015

There are few studies on the role of innate immune response in dermatophytosis. An investigation was conducted to define the involvement of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 in localized (LD) and disseminated (DD) dermatophytosis due to T. rubrum. Fifteen newly diagnosed patients, eight patients with LD and seven with DD, defined by involvement of at least three body segments were used in this study. Controls comprised twenty skin samples from healthy individuals undergoing plastic surgery. TLR2 and TLR4 were quantified in skin lesions by immunohistochemistry. A reduced expression of TLR4 in the lower and upper epidermis of both LD and DD patients was found compared to controls; TLR2 expression was preserved in the upper and lower epidermis of all three groups. As TLR4 signaling induces the production of inflammatory cytokines and neutrophils recruitment, its reduced expression likely contributed to the lack of resolution of the infection and the consequent chronic nature of the dermatophytosis. As TLR2 expression acts to limit the inflammatory process and preserves the epidermal structure, its preserved expression may also contribute to the persistent infection and limited inflammation that are characteristic of dermatophytic infections.
Os impasses entre acolhimento institucional e o direito à convivência familiar
Authors: Moreira Maria Ignez Costa
Published: January 2015

Este artigo trata do direito à convivência familiar das crianças e adolescentes e discute, à luz da Psicologia Sócio-Histórica, o processo de afirmação das novas concepções de criança, de adolescente e família, na sociedade brasileira, bem como o processo de judicialização das relações familiares. Destaca, entre as medidas protetivas, a de acolhimento institucional de crianças e adolescentes, expondo as contradições e paradoxos dessa medida quanto à garantia do direito à convivência familiar.
Sofrimento ético-político: uma análise do estado da arte
Authors: Bertini Fatima Maria Araujo
Published: January 2015

Este artigo analisa o uso do conceito do sofrimento ético-político, criado por Sawaia, a partir das reflexões fomentadas em seu núcleo de pesquisa. Neste estudo, optou-se pela análise do uso do conceito em artigos publicados entre 2000 a 2011, usando a base de dados SciELO e Capes, e posteriormente o Google Acadêmico, os quais foram incluídos ou excluídos da análise, de acordo com os critérios do período pesquisado e do uso do conceito pelo autor em sua análise. A publicação inicial do conceito data do ano de 1999 e justifica-se o período pesquisado pela abrangência, que alcançou tanto na Psicologia Social como em outras áreas do conhecimento. O resultado da pesquisa evidencia que o sofrimento ético-político já constitui um conceito-chave nas Ciências Humanas, para a compreensão da dimensão psicossocial do processo de exclusão/inclusão em contextos sócio-históricos de desigualdade social.
Vygotski: a consciência como relação
Authors: Clot Yves
Published: January 2015

O ensaio apresenta uma discussão de textos de Vygotski traduzidos para o francês no livro Conscience, inconscient, émotions. O primeiro, "A consciência como um problema da psicologia do comportamento", publicado em 1925, é uma conferência, proferida em 1924, no Instituto de Psicologia de Moscou. O segundo, "A psique, a consciência e o inconsciente" foi publicado em 1930. Ambos figuram no primeiro tomo da edição russa, em seis volumes, das obras de Vygotski. O terceiro, "As emoções e seu desenvolvimento na infância", é uma das conferências sobre psicologia feitas no Instituto Pedagógico Superior de Leningrado, em 1932, que figura no segundo tomo das referidas obras. Escritos entre 1924 e 1932, os textos acompanham oito anos de uma década prodigiosa da produção de Vygotski e são debatidos à luz de publicações recentes, sobretudo, na Psicanálise. Nesse debate, a consciência aparece como um trabalho de conexão, sempre sujeito à desconexão.
Rapid prototyping of a complex model for the manufacture of plaster molds for slip casting ceramic
Authors: Velazco D. P. C. , Sancet E. F. , Urbaneja F. , Piccico M. , Serra M. F. , Acebedo M. F. , Suárez G. , Rendtorff N. M.
Published: January 2015

Computer assisted designing (CAD) is well known for several decades and employed for ceramic manufacturing almost since the beginning, but usually employed in the first part of the projectual ideation processes, neither in the prototyping nor in the manufacturing stages. The rapid prototyping machines, also known as 3D printers, have the capacity to produce in a few hours real pieces using plastic materials of high resistance, with great precision and similarity with respect to the original, based on unprecedented digital models produced by means of modeling with specific design software or from the digitalization of existing parts using the so-called 3D scanners. The main objective of the work is to develop the methodology used in the entire process of building a part in ceramics from the interrelationship between traditional techniques and new technologies for the manufacture of prototypes. And to take advantage of the benefits that allow us this new reproduction technology. The experience was based on the generation of a complex piece, in digital format, which served as the model. A regular 15 cm icosahedron presented features complex enough not to advise the production of the model by means of the traditional techniques of ceramics (manual or mechanical). From this digital model, a plaster mold was made in the traditional way in order to slip cast clay based slurries, freely dried in air and fired and glazed in the traditional way. This experience has shown the working hypothesis and opens up the possibility of new lines of work to academic and technological levels that will be explored in the near future. This technology provides a wide range of options to address the formal aspect of a part to be performed for the field of design, architecture, industrial design, the traditional pottery, ceramic art, etc., which allow you to amplify the formal possibilities, save time and therefore costs when drafting the necessary and appropriate matrixes to each requirement.
Tenacidade à fratura de cerâmicas de carbeto de silício, alumina e argila vermelha pelos métodos IF e SEVNB
Authors: Ribeiro S. , Ribeiro G. C. , Rodrigues J. A.
Published: January 2015

A tenacidade à fratura, K IC, é uma importante propriedade dos materiais cerâmicos, pois ela mede a resistência ao início da propagação de trinca. O problema é selecionar o método adequado para determinar K IC, já que existem vários, cada um com suas particularidades. Por comodidade, escolhe-se o método da indentação, IF, que apresenta certos inconvenientes, principalmente para cerâmicas porosas, Sendo o método mais adequado, o SEVNB. Nesse trabalho são mostrados resultados de K IC para três materiais: carbeto de silício (SiC), alumina (Al2O3) e um a base de argila, uma telha cerâmica. Os resultados mostraram que os valores de K IC são maiores quando é utilizado o método IF, sendo que quanto mais porosa é a cerâmica mais difícil é a aplicação desse método, e que o método SEVNB, pode ser aplicado com êxito. Os resultados de K IC, medidos pelo método SEVNB são 3,8 MPa.m½, 2,5 MPa.m½ e 0,4 MPa.m½ para SiC, Al2O3 e telha, respectivamente.
Effect of calcium phosphate addition on sintering of El-Oued sand quartz raw materials
Authors: Foughali L. , Harabi A. , Bonnet J. P. , Smith D. , Boudaira B.
Published: January 2015

This work addresses the development of an eventual low cost ceramic insulating or microfiltration membrane supports from inexpensive raw materials such Eloued quartz sand (EQS) and calcium phosphate (CP) using uniaxially dry compaction method. The prepared samples were sintered at different temperatures ranging between 1200 and 1550 ºC. Subsequently, the effects of sintering temperature and amount of CP on samples proprieties were investigated. It is observed that X-ray diffracion measurements confirmed that EQS was transformed into cristobalite and tridymite phases when both sintering temperature and holding time were increased. This transformation is favored with increasing amount of CP, it is observed also formation of CaSiO3 and Ca(Fe)(Al)PO4. The SEM images of the samples sintered at different temperatures illustrate that silica grains, CP grains, intergranular phase contents (Si, Ca, P, and O) and an important open porosity depend on the sintering temperature. The porosity ratio changes in the range between 37% and 34% according to sintering temperature and to CP content; these values are in good agreement with SEM images. The thermal expansion behavior shows a weak expansion in the range of temperature between 600 and 1000 ºC which is situated between 1.27% and 1.33% (variation of 0.05% at 400 ºC).
Avaliação tecnológica de cerâmicas tradicionais incorporadas com rejeito do minério de manganês
Authors: Rodrigues L. dos S. , Silva J. C. , Angélica R. S. , Rabelo A. A. , Portugal Fagury R. L. R. , Fagury Neto E.
Published: January 2015

A indústria cerâmica tem grande papel ambiental quando o assunto é reciclagem de rejeitos. A grande produção industrial que vem se desenvolvendo na Região Norte do país abre espaço para utilização de rejeitos como substituto de matéria-prima na produção de cerâmicas. Esta substituição, além da vantagem ambiental, também confere vantagens às características físicas da cerâmica produzida. O presente trabalho visou estudar os efeitos causados pela incorporação de rejeito de minério de manganês em formulações de cerâmica argilosa, para avaliar até que ponto é possível incorporar o referido rejeito sem que haja prejuízo das propriedades dos produtos. Foram propostas algumas formulações contendo quantidades variadas de rejeito. Os corpos-de-prova obtidos por prensagem foram sinterizados de 1000 ºC a 1200 ºC por 2 h. Os resultados mostraram que o rejeito atua como fundente, melhorando propriedades do material, diminuindo a porosidade e absorção de água e aumentando a resistência mecânica das peças cerâmicas.
Análise de ensaios in vitro do compósito de 50% HA-50% TiO2 fabricados pelo método da esponja polimérica
Authors: Galdino A. G. S. , Oliveira E. M. , Filippin-Monteiro F. B. , Zavaglia C. A. C.
Published: January 2015

À medida que há uma melhoria na tecnologia aplicada à saúde humana, a expectativa de vida vem aumentando, mas nem todas as partes do corpo podem manter suas funções com o processo de envelhecimento. A engenharia tecidual foi desenvolvida para substituir, reparar ou reconstruir tecidos ou órgãos perdidos ou danificados por acidentes ou doenças graves através da utilização e desenvolvimento de novos materiais, que sejam biocompatíveis, bioabsorvíveis, porosos, entre outras características. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar através dos ensaios in vitro o compósito poroso de hidroxiapatita - titânia (HA-TiO2), com composição de 50% HA - 50% TiO2 para obter arcabouços utilizados para engenharia tecidual óssea. Os corpos de prova foram produzidos pelo método da esponja polimérica, utilizando bicarbonato de sódio como ligante e floculante. A sinterização foi realizada em três temperaturas: a 1250 ºC; 1300 ºC e 1350 ºC. Linhagens imortalizadas de fibroblastos e osteoblastos foram utilizadas para avaliar o compósito frente à citotoxicidade, crescimento e adesão celular. Nesses ensaios foram utilizados três corpos de prova porosos em um intervalo de cinco dias. Os resultados obtidos mostraram-se satisfatórios, com adesão e crescimento das células de fibroblastos e osteoblastos, o que serve como indicador para que esse compósito seja submetido posteriormente a ensaios in vivo.
Bombeamento e tratamento da fase livre em Aquífero Litorâneo
Authors: Freire Priscyla Aparecida de Campos , Trannin Isabel Cristina de Barros , Simões Silvio Jorge Coelho
Published: January 2015

O elevado consumo de combustíveis e sua inadequada disposição no passado geraram preocupações com a poluição do solo e de aquíferos. Essas preocupações tornaram-se ainda maiores pela necessidade de exploração de aquíferos para atender à crescente demanda por recursos hídricos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência e a eficácia da técnica de bombeamento e tratamento aplicada à remediação da pluma de fase livre de hidrocarbonetos na área do Auto Posto Baía do Sol, localizado em São Sebastião, no litoral norte do estado de São Paulo, sobre o Aquífero Sedimentar Litorâneo. Os resultados demonstraram que a técnica de bombeamento e tratamento foi eficiente na remediação da área deste Auto Posto, com a remoção total dos poluentes em fase livre. Por outro lado, a técnica apresentou baixa eficácia em razão da necessidade de um período prolongado de bombeamento.
Reator anaeróbio compartimentado para o tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura
Authors: Oliveira Roberto Alves de , Duda Rose Maria , Fernandes Gracie Ferraz Rodrigues
Published: January 2015

A poluição da água e do solo causada pela suinocultura provoca impactos ambientais severos nas regiões produtoras. Uma alternativa eficiente para atenuar esse problema pode ser a utilização de reatores anaeróbios de alta taxa. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o efeito das águas residuárias de suinocultura com concentrações de sólidos suspensos totais em torno de 6.000 mg.L−1 no desempenho do reator anaeróbio compartimentado, com três câmaras. O volume da primeira câmara foi de 210 L e da segunda e terceira de 160 L. O reator anaeróbio compartimentado foi submetido a tempos de detenção hidráulica de 56, 28 e 18 horas e a cargas orgânicas volumétricas de 5,0 a 10,1 g DQOtotal (L.d)−1. As maiores remoções de demanda química de oxigênio total, de 42 a 68%, e das produções volumétricas de metano, de 0,261 a 0,454 L CH4 (L reator d)−1, ocorreram na segunda câmara.
Qualidade de investimentos no uso de água pluvial: Particles Swarm Optimization para a maximização do valor presente líquido
Authors: Ilha Marina Sangoi de Oliveira , Campos Marcus André Siqueira
Published: January 2015

A análise da qualidade dos investimentos deve fazer parte da tomada de decisão pela implantação dos sistemas de aproveitamento de água pluvial, de modo a avaliar se os investimentos na redução dos impactos ambientais são atrativos também sob o ponto de vista dos investidores. Considerando-se os métodos baseados no fluxo de caixa descontado, o valor presente líquido é o melhor indicador para tal avaliação, pois permite decidir qual é o melhor entre dois projetos excludentes, além de apresentar uma rotina de cálculo simples e de fácil entendimento pelos usuários. Este trabalho teve como objetivo propor uma ferramenta para a análise da qualidade dos investimentos em um sistema de aproveitamento de água pluvial, baseada na otimização do valor presente líquido, por meio da técnica de Particles Swarm Optimization. Para demonstrar a utilização da ferramenta proposta, desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso para uma edificação pública existente. Foram considerados três cenários para a tarifa água: sem reajuste e com valores limite e máximo do reajuste histórico das tarifas da concessionária local: 5,69 e 19,63% ao ano. Em todos os cenários foram encontradas duas alternativas: existência de cobrança da tarifa de esgoto correspondente ao volume de água pluvial utilizado e inexistência dela. Os resultados obtidos com o uso da ferramenta proposta podem auxiliar na tomada de decisão para uso dos sistemas de aproveitamento da água pluvial.
Avaliação da implantação de fossas sépticas na melhoria na qualidade de águas superficiais em comunidades rurais
Authors: Vicq Raphael de , Leite Mariangela Garcia Praça
Published: January 2015

Na maioria dos municípios brasileiros, as comunidades rurais são núcleos populacionais agrupados em torno de córregos que fornecem a água e recebem seus efluentes. Buscou-se nesta pesquisa avaliar as condições dos corpos d'água na bacia hidrográfica do córrego Pau Grande, Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, antes e depois da instalação de 20 fossas sépticas na comunidade de Castiliano, construídas em 2006. O monitoramento da bacia foi realizado entre 2005 e 2009, em 6 pontos amostrais, onde foram medidos vazão, oxigênio dissolvido, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, fósforo total, coliformes fecais totais, turbidez e pH. Os pontos a jusante das fossas apresentaram um aumento de mais de 100% nos valores de oxigênio dissolvido e redução em mais de 800% na quantidade de coliformes fecais. Investimentos relativamente baixos, como a construção das fossas, podem trazer melhorias à qualidade dos recursos hídricos em áreas rurais.
Biomonitoramento passivo com casca de aroeira vermelha (Myracrodruon urundeuva Lorenzi Harri) para verificar a variabilidade espacial da poluição atmosférica em uma região do Distrito Federal, Brasil
Authors: Santos Cleide Moura dos , Oliveira Regiani Carvalho , Roig Henrique Llacer , Réquia Júnior Weeberb João
Published: January 2015

O biomonitoramento é uma técnica alternativa que utiliza organismos vivos para verificar mudanças no meio ambiente ocasionadas pela poluição da água, ar e solo. Tendo como foco as emissões atmosféricas localizadas na região da Fercal no Distrito Federal, o presente estudo objetivou coletar amostras de casca da árvore da espécie Myracrodruon urundeuva para verificar a variabilidade espacial dos elementos químicos presentes na área de estudo. A análise de componente principal (PCA) permitiu agrupar os elementos em três fatores, distribuídos no fator 1: Zn, Fe, Al, S e Ba; no fator 2: Cu, P, Ca e Sr; e no fator 3: Mg e K. O fator 1 é o que melhor descreve o objeto de pesquisa. Este estudo permitiu demonstrar a viabilidade do método de biomonitoramento com casca de aroeira vermelha (Myracrodruon urundeuva) como instrumento de mensuração da poluição atmosférica.
Testes ecotoxicológicos de diferentes formulações do bioinseticida produzido na UNIVILLE submetidas ao teste de prateleira
Authors: Arcy Adriana Ramos , Silva Millena da , Cunha Tatiana Leitzke
Published: January 2015

O larvicida à base de Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis é utilizado para combater mosquitos e simulídeos atingindo o sistema digestivo de larvas do mosquito levando-as à morte. É importante conhecer a dose letal dos produtos (DL50) para os insetos alvo, bem como seu grau de ecotoxicidade (CEC) ao ambiente durante cada fase de caracterização dos produtos para estabelecer valores que não venham a ocasionar a morte ou intoxicação de outros seres vivos. O presente trabalho objetivou a determinação da DL50 através de bioensaios com larvas de Aedes albupictus, bem como o CEC com a utilização de testes agudos com o microcrustáceo Daphnia similis para o larvicida com diferentes formulações expostas ao teste de prateleira. A amostra que apresentou melhor valor para CECfoi B1 (sem aditivos) e para DL50 foi B2 (com cafeína na composição), sendo esses valores de 3526,000 e 16,815 mg.L−1, respectivamente.
Avaliação do procedimento simplificado da NBR 15575 para determinação do nível de desempenho térmico de habitações
Authors: Chvatal Karin Maria Soares
Published: January 2015

A norma brasileira NBR 15575: Edificações habitacionais - Desempenho (ABNT, 2013) representa um avanço no setor da construção civil. É importante que se mantenha uma discussão constante sobre ela, a fim de estimular seu aprimoramento. Recentemente, alguns autores têm apresentado críticas aos métodos propostos pela referida norma, como incoerências entre seus procedimentos simplificado e de simulação. Este trabalho investiga as razões dessas incongruências, com o foco em habitações de interesse social. O método consiste na aplicação dos dois procedimentos da Norma a uma habitação unifamiliar térrea em três zonas bioclimáticas brasileiras, com variadas transmitâncias térmicas e absortâncias das paredes exteriores e da cobertura. Também foram conduzidas séries de estudos para a habitação com paredes com alta capacidade térmica e simulações horárias anuais para a edificação em condições reais de uso. Os resultados demonstraram que o impacto conjugado da transmitância e da absortância não é representado de forma adequada nos limites estabelecidos pelo procedimento simplificado, e também que a capacidade térmica influencia esses limites. Quanto à simulação anual, verificou-se que esta é a forma mais adequada de se avaliarem as distintas necessidades de desempenho quanto ao inverno e ao verão.
Citizen‐science data provides new insight into annual and seasonal variation in migration patterns
Authors: Supp S. R. , La Sorte Frank A. , Cormier Tina A. , Lim Marisa C.W. , Powers Donald R. , Wethington Susan M. , Goetz Scott , Graham Catherine H.
Published: January 2015

Current rates of global environmental and climate change pose potential challenges for migratory species that must cope with or adapt to new conditions and different rates of change across broad spatial scales throughout their annual life cycle. North American migratory hummingbirds may be especially sensitive to changes in environment and climate due to their extremely small body size, high metabolic rates, and dependence on nectar as a main resource. We used occurrence information from the eBird citizen‐science database to track migratory movements of five North American hummingbird species (Archilochus alexandri, A. colubris, Selasphorus calliope, S. platycercus, and S. rufus) across 6 years (2008–2013) at a daily temporal resolution to describe annual and seasonal variation in migration patterns. Our findings suggest that the timing of the onset of spring migration generally varies less than the arrival on the wintering grounds. Species follow similar routes across years, but exhibit more variation in daily longitude than latitude. Long distance migrants generally had less annual variation in geographic location and timing than shorter distance migrants. Our study is among the first to examine variation in migration routes and timing for hummingbirds, but more work is needed to understand the capacity of these species to respond to different rates of environmental change along their migratory routes.
Metal self-expandable covered temporary urethral stent Allium in patients with irreversibile uroobstruction: Ten-year experience
Authors: Mladenovic Ana , Yachia Daniel , Markovic Biljana , Adnadjevic Perica
Published: January 2015

Aim of this study is to judge effectiveness of new design, temporary, cover,
metal selective urethral Allium stents in lower urinary tract symptoms
treatment concerning all peri and post procedural complications. Material and
methods: We observed group of 40 patients with longstanding history of lower
urinary tract symptom, in which outflow obstruction was localized in bulbar
urethra in 24 pts and in prostatic urethra in 13 pts. Residual voiding volume
and prostate volume measurements by ultrasonography, urethrocystography,
urine culture and uroflowmetry (bulbar urethra stricture PTS) were done
before stent insertion. Procedure was done in all cases but one in ambulatory
conditions, under local anesthesia with oral antibiotics administration day
before and 5 days after. Objective and subjective parameters of stent
effectiveness were estimated and statistically revealed. Results: Majority of
pts (32/40) were satisfied with all the aspects of the procedure and with
quality of life while urethra was stented. Urinary infection did not happen
in any case, encrustation of the migrated stent occurred in 2 cases (6,4%).
Emptying of the bladder was adequate while wearing either prostatic or bulbar
urethra stent. Residual volume was significantly smaller, urinary flow
significantly higher. In pts with bulbar urethra stricture urinary flow and
morphology of patent urethra lumen, 6 months after stent extraction suggested
prolonged-permanent recanalisation results. Conclusion: Site specific, metal
Allium urethral stents enable adequate emptying of the urinary bladder with
minimal and transient patient discomfort. Stent insertion and explantation
are simple procedures to perform, when correctly indicated without
significant early and late complications.
Diagnostic performance of IAEA software package for the analysis of scintigraphic renal dynamic studies: Preliminary results for semi-quantitative parameters of technetium-99m mercapto-acetyltriglycine renogram in healthy individuals
Authors: Beatovic Slobodanka , Sobic-Saranovic Dragana , Jaksic Emilija , Marinkovic Jelena , Jankovic Milica , Artiko Vera , Obradovic Vladimir
Published: January 2015

The aims of this study in healthy individuals were: a) to implement the
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Software Package into analysis of
technetium-99m mercapto-acetyltriglycine (99mTc MAG3) dynamic scintigraphy,
b) to validate results of renogram parameters against their reference values,
and c) to compare different renogram indices of kidney excretion in order to
assess whether the clinical information provided by all of them is identical.
Study population consisted of 20 healthy subjects who were evaluated by 99mTc
MAG3 dynamic scintigraphy for kidney donation. The IAEA software was applied
to process the studies. The parameters analyzed were: time to maximum
activity (Tmax), time to half maximum (T1/2) of the curves, normalized
residual activity at 20 minutes (NORA 20), output efficiency at 20 minutes
(OE 20), residual activity (RA), elimination index (EI), whole kidney mean
transit time (MTT), mean parenchymal transit time (MPTT) and relative kidney
function (RF). Correspondence between OE 20, NORA 20, RA and EI was evaluated
by Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis. The
results for normal kidneys were presented as follows: Tmax: 3.4+0.7 min;
T1/2:6.1+1.5min; NORA20:0.34+0.09;OE20: 93+2.2%; RA: 26+6.2%; EI: 2.2+0.4;
MTT: 2.+0.4 min and MPTT: 1.7+0.4 min. Relative function for the left and
right kidney was 52% and 48%+.4%, respectively. The excellent agreement was
observed between the obtained values of renogram parameters and their
reference values. Significant linear correlation between parameters of kidney
excretion was obtained. The highest correlation was observed between NORA 20
and OE 20 (r=-0.936, p< 0.01). In Conclusion, the IAEA Software gives
reliable values of numerical parameters of kidney excretion. Results obtained
for normal kidneys were almost identical with previously reported reference
values for MAG3 parameters. Only the results for MTT and MPTT were
systematically lower than the established normal values. NORA 20 highly
corresponds with OE 20 and could replace the former parameter in the
evaluation of kidney drainage. The preliminary results support the
wide-spread use of IAEA software package in order to standardize the
technique of dynamic renal scintigraphy.
Laparoscopic ligature of spermatic veins as a method of surgical management of varicocele
Authors: Kajmakovic B.M. , Dzamic Z.M. , Dragicevic S. , Acimovic M. , Milojevic B. , Hadzi Djokic
Published: January 2015

Objective: To present the surgical technique of laparoscopic ligation
spermatic vein in the treatment of varicocele as well as the results of this
procedure. Material and methods: The study was conducted at the Clinic of
Urology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, during the seventeen months, from
November 2012 till March of 2014. During this time, the thirteen patients
underwent laparoscopic ligation of spermatic vein. Including factors for this
type of surgical treatment were clinically manifest varicocele and/or bad
finding of semen. Results: During the seventeen months, thirteen patients
underwent laparoscopic spermatic vein ligature. The youngest patient was 21
years old, while the oldest patient was 38 years old. The median was 28.46
years. 6 patients had varicocele Gr III, and with 7 patients we verified
varicocele Gr II. The duration of surgery ranged from 15 to 70 minutes, with
a median of 35.46 minutes. The amount of gas that was insufflated during
surgery ranged from 14.1 l to 45 l, with a median of 23:32 litters. Three
patients underwent laparoscopic ligature of spermatic vein with preservation
of spermatic artery. Interventions in which underwent preservation of artery
lasted longer (median 60 minutes) than it was the case in the group of
patients without preservation (the median 28.1 minutes). Conclusion:
Laparoscopic ligation of spermatic veins is a safe, minimally invasive, rapid
and effective procedures. The level of postoperative complications is minimal
learning curve fast and patient discomfort is minimized. The procedure is the
financial cost effective, especially compared with the open surgical
procedure.
Comparison of two Wallace’s technique of implantation of the ureter to the ileal conduit: Five year experience
Authors: Kajmakovic B.M. , Dzamic Z.M. , Acimovic M. , Pejcic T. , Jovanovic M. , Milojevic B. , Hadzi Djokic
Published: January 2015

At the Clinic of Urology, at the Clinical Centre of Serbia, within the
formation of ileal conduit as a form of urinary diversion, we apply three
techniques of implantation of the ureter. A technique Nesbit-Bricker is the
oldest technique described, and it sovereign occupies deserved place as a
form of implantation of the ureter into an isolated segment of the intestinal
tract. Technique by Wallace is the second technique which is applied at the
Clinic of Urology, and has undergone some changes during the time, so that in
the current practice we offer two modes of this technique. This paper present
the postoperative results these two techniques, trying to answer the question
which one of these two techniques is superior.
Familiar case of Larsen syndrome
Authors: Cerovac Natasa , Cuturilo Goran , Ducic Sinisa
Published: January 2015

Introduction. Larsen syndrome is a rare, auto-somal-dominant disorder
characterized by flat face with hypertelorism, multiple large-joint
dislocations, kyphoscoliosis and equnovarus or equinovalgus foot deformities.
Case report. In this report a four-year-old female patient with Larsen
syndrome is presented. A family hystory, disclosed that a father and an older
brother were affected by the syndrome. We noted the clinical features of the
disease associated with the presence of a FLNB mutation. The daughter is
having significant psychomotor delay and more severe clinical presentation
compared with mildly delayed brother; the father presented with dysmorphic
facial features and deformities of hands and foot only. Conclusion. In this
study we present the family with Larsen syndrome and draw attention to the
member with severe developmental delay and pronounced skeletal changes.
Further reports and investigations are needed to better understand mechanisms
and clinical spectrum of central nervous system involvement in patients with
Larsen syndrome.
Rectus sheath haematoma (RSH)
Authors: Knezevic Miroslav , Djurasic Ljubomir
Published: January 2015

Introduction: Spontaneous RSH is very rare and small series have been
demonstrated in literature. Proper and timely diagnosis of a hematoma within
straight abdominal muscle significantly influences the way of treatment and
the application of appropriate protocol for specific stage of illness. Case
report: A 62-year old patient presented himself at hospital because of pains
under RRC, with unclear clinical features, and only after repeated
radiological diagnostic procedures we began the treatment with the protocol
for identified stage of illness which took us to complete recovery and the
patient got back to his every day activities. Conclusion: Even though rare,
RSH imitates acute abdomen therefore proper diagnosis contributes to proper
treatment. Treatment can be conservative, invasive and surgical.
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head during the last trimester of pregnancy: Coincidental finding or associated entity
Authors: Blagojevic Danijela , Crnomarkovic Dragan , Dukanac Jelena , Radovanovic Tatjana , Mladenovic Branka , Djurasic Ljubomir
Published: January 2015

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (aseptical, avascular or ischemic) is a
condition of difficult deteriorisation of bone structure, which can be
temporary or transit and with irreversible character. Aseptic necrosis of the
femoral head during pregnancy is uncommon finding and presents a diagnostic
challenge. It requires a multidisciplinary approach in order to determine
whether the osteonecrosis is a complication of previous pathological
condition or is an entity related to pregnancy and postpartal period. We
present a case of a 32 year old female in 38th week of pregnancy who was
admitted with diagnosis of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head. The aim of
this report is to show the importance of early recognition of osteonecrosis
of the femoral head in the early postpartal period, in order to prevent
severe damage and the most severe complication-spontaneous (pathological)
fracture of the femur.
Vestacka stimulacija nervus-a frenikus-a nakon povrede
Authors: Radovanovic Dragan , Oluic Branislav , Loncar Zlatibor , Micic Dusan , Ercegovac Maja , Stefanovic Branislava , Savic Dragan , Karamarkovic Aleksandar
Published: January 2015

The phrenic nerve is a nerve that originates in the neck (C3-C5) and passes
down between the lung and heart to reach the diaphragm. It controls the
diaphragm which is the primary muscle involved in breathing. Injuries of the
phrenic nerve can occur after trauma such as falls, blunt trauma, after
penetrating injuries or in car accidents, iatrogenic nerve injury during
surgery in the neck and chest. Phrenic nerve pacing (PNP), or ?diaphragm
pacing?, is the application of rhythmic electrical impulses to the diaphragm,
resulting in respiration for patients who would be otherwise dependent on a
mechanical ventilator. Phrenic nerve stimulators are indicated for selected
patients with partial or complete respiratory insufficiency? and ?can be only
effective if the patient has an intact phrenic nerve and diaphragm, which
means in patients with spinal cord injuries, central sleep apnea and in
patients with lesion of central nervous system. In contrast, trauma below C2
usually does not allow pacing, because the cell bodies of the phrenic nerves
are damaged. This kind of treatment can lead to a significant improvement in
the quality of life of ventilator-dependent quadriplegic individuals. It can
improve pulmonary function and reduce the incidence of pulmonary infections.
In addition, it improves quality of speech and olfaction which leads to much
better quality of life and higher rates of social participation. We would
like to demonstrate a case of a nineteen years old patient that was admitted
to the ER department in Clinical Center of Serbia as an emergency case with
penetrating wound injury after a gunshot wound to the neck. Data from the
literature, which have been also confirmed with our individual experience
suggest that the phrenic nerve pacing begins in cases that there is no
recovery of nerve not earlier than three and no later than six months after
the injury when the results are the most appropriate. Most patients with
diaphragmatic pacemakers continue to need tracheostomies and mechanical
ventilators as a back-up to their pacemakers. It is important to note that
diaphragmatic pace makers only improve inspiratory function and do not target
expiratory functions such as coughing and clearing secretions. Finally, the
extremely high cost of the device itself, with modest results of the
implementation of the device, gives a basis to observe it with great
criticism, especially in countries with lower economic status.
Structure of incidence and mortality through the prism of demographic indicators
Authors: Sevic Sinisa
Published: January 2015

nema
Risk factors and treatment of urinary tract infections in elderly people
Authors: Doder Radoslava , Polovina Jelena , Kovacevic Nadica , Sevic Sinisa , Preveden Tomislav , Doder Dragan
Published: January 2015

Introduction. The aim of the retrospective part of this research was to
present the risk factors, etiology, clinical picture, therapy and outcome of
urinary infections in elderly patients treated at the Department of
Infectious Diseases in Novi Sad. The prospective part was aimed at
establishing the most common risk factors for urinary infections among users
in the Gerontology Center "Novi Sad? and determining the appropriate
preventive measures by using an assessment questionnaire. Material and
Methods. The retrospective research included 81 patients diagnosed with
urinary infection. The patients were over 65 years of age and were treated at
the Department of Infectious Diseases in the period from 2010 to September
2012. Within the prospective part of research, a poll was conducted among
users of Gerontology Center ?Novi Sad? by applying an "Urination Disorder
Test? questionnaire. Results. The average age of participants was 75.47 years
(min 65, max 96, SD 6.86), and the female patients predominated in the
patient population (F:M = 58%:42%). Associated diseases were recorded in 53
(65.4%) patients, and 24 (29.6%) of them had hypertension history.
Escherichia coli were isolated in 12 (46.2%) patients. The majority of
patients had preserved consciousness at admission whereas febrility and signs
of intoxication were recorded in 60 (75.95%) and 33 (41.8%) patients,
respectively. The patients reported the following problems: dysuria - 23
(29.1%) patients, pollakiuria - 9 (11.4%), suprapubic pain - 8 (10.1%) and
pain in the lumbar region - 7 (8.9%) patients. Antibiotic therapy included
ceftiaxone and ciprofloxacin, which were administered to 43 (56.6%) and 33
(43.3%) patients, respectively. Favorable disease outcome was recorded in 79
(97.5%) patients, whereas lethal outcome occurred in 2 (2.5%) patients and
was associated with severe comorbidity. Frequent urinary infections, nocturia
and incontinence, being the most frequent diseases among the users of
Gerontology Center, were reported by 9 (22.5%), 25 (62.5%) and 16 (40%)
users, respectively. The most frequent associated diseases were diabetes
mellitus and therapeutic procedures on the prostate and bladder in 7 (17.5%)
and stroke in 5 (12.5%) participants. Conclusion. Urinary infections in the
elderly remain a highly challenging issue from both diagnostics and treatment
standpoint. An update of guidelines to the relevant antimicrobial therapy is
a prerequisite in order to decrease the uncritical administration of
antibiotics in asymptomatic bacteriuria and to prevent the spreading of
multiresistant organisms.
Predictors associated with failure of metronidazole in treatment of clostridium difficile infection in the elderly
Authors: Kovacevic Nadica , Canak Grozdana , Preveden Tomislav , Tomic Slavica , Petric Vedrana , Vujanovic Milos
Published: January 2015

Introduction. Clostridium difficile is the most common infectious cause of
nosocomial diarrhea. Recommended treatments for Clostridium difficile
infection include metronidazole and vancomycin. Recent investigation has
shown an increasing rate of metronidazole treatment failure, particularly
among the elderly. The authors studied the outcome of metronidazole therapy
for Clostridium difficile infection in patients over 65 years of age and risk
factors associated with metronidazole treatment failure. Material and
Methods. This retrospective study was performed at the Department of
Infectious Diseases, Clinical Center of Vojvodina from January 2011 to
January 2014. The study sample included 112 patients, over 65 years of age,
diagnosed with Clostridium difficile infection, who were treated with oral
metronidazole 400 mg 3 times per day for 10 days. The efficacy of treatment
regimen was assessed by resolution of diarrhea and rates of recurrence within
60 days after completion of therapy Results. Metronidazole was administrated
to 112 patients over 65 years of age. Treatment with metronidazole resulted
in resolution of diarrhea in 78 patients (69.65%). After successful
metronidazole treatment, clinical symptoms of Clostridium difficile infection
recurred in 28 the patients (36.60%) . Risk factors for metronidazole
treatment failure are duration of diarrhea before treatment, leucocytosis >15
000/mm3, albumin level ?25 g/l, serum creatinine level ?200 ?mol/l, increased
C-reactive protein, and concomitant administration of antibiotic and
immunosuppressives. Conclusion. Our data suggest that patients with
predictors of metronidazole treatment failure may benefit from initial oral
vancomycin therapy for Clostridium difficile infection.
Testing applicability of international guidelines in treatment of sepsis
Authors: Petric Vedrana , Mikic Sandra , Sevic Sinisa , Stankovic-Baricak Danijela , Drljevic Nevena , Milijic Aleksandra
Published: January 2015

Introduction. The Department of Infectious Diseases adopted new internal
clinical protocols for initial adequate antimicrobial therapy of bacterial
infections in January, 2013. Protocols were made up on the basis of European
(British National Formulary) and the American (Sanford) guidelines for
treatment of bacterial infections. The aim of our study was to investigate
the efficiency of new clinical protocols based on international guidelines in
treatment of bacteria induced sepsis and to compare it with the efficiency of
the existing guidelines, which are based on the use of antibiotics according
to clinical experience of the doctors. Material and Methods. The study
included 109 patients diagnosed with bacteria-induced sepsis, who were
treated at the Department of Infectious Diseases in the period from 1
January, 2012 to 31 December, 2013. Data were collected from the medical
records. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group included
54 patients diagnosed with sepsis who were treated empirically. The second
group consisted of 55 patients treated according to the new internal
protocols. The efficiency of treatment in both groups of patients was
monitored by laboratory findings (leukocyte count, C-reactive protein,
fibrinogen, sedimentation, procalcitonin), and temperatures, measured on the
first and seventh day of hospitalization. For statistical analysis, we used
the ?2 test. Results. After the applied treatment, there was a statistically
significant decrease in the mean values of C-reactive protein P and
procalcitonin on the seventh day of treatment in both groups of patients. The
most frequently applied therapy was triple antibiotic therapy - ceftriaxone,
ciprofloxacin and metronidazole, in both groups. Conclusion. Treatment of
bacteria-induced sepsis according to internationally accepted protocols for
treatment of bacterial infections is as effective as treatment of sepsis
according to the clinical experience of doctors.
Monitoring of osteoporosis among geriatric population in the primary care service
Authors: Sipovac Dragana , Sevic Sinisa , Mikic Sandra , Kovacevic Nadica , Ivanov Igor , Eic Nikola
Published: January 2015

Introduction. Osteoporosis is a chronic, progressive bone disease which leads
to a reduction in bone mineral density and disruption of bone
micro-architecture. Patients with osteoporosis have an increased risk of
fractures caused by ?small trauma? - stresses which would not normally cause
fracture in a non-osteoporotic individual. This study was aimed at
determining the incidence of osteoporosis in geriatric population, crucial
demographic parameters (gender and age structure) in patients, presence of
comorbidities, and the most common drug choice in treatment of osteoporosis.
Material and Methods. A retrospective study was conducted in the period from
August 1st, 2012 to May 12th, 2014 and it included 526 patients over 65 years
of age who were diagnosed to have osteoporosis based on clinical findings
(presence/absence of pathological fractures), laboratory tests and
osteodensitometry. Data were analyzed by using standard statistical methods
and statistical significance was assessed by x2 and t - test. Results. The
most affected patients were women (91%). The incidence of pathological
fractures was 31.80%. The presence of two or more fractures caused by a
?small trauma? was determined in 13.6%. Cardiovascular comorbidities
dominated in 72.70% of cases. The most common therapeutic choice was the
bisphosphonates, being administered in 77% along with the simultaneous use of
vitamin D analogs - alfacalciferol (13.6%), cholecalciferol (40.9%), calcium
carbonate + cholecalciferol (22.7%). Conclusion. Osteoporosis shows
predominance in females aged 65-70 years. Comorbidities do not increase the
risk of disease but significantly reduce the quality of life in patients.
Bisphosphonates are the most common drug choice with the simultaneous use of
calcium and vitamin D analogs.