bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic interrogation of replicative senescence uncovers a dual role for USP28 in coordinating the p53 and GATA4 branches of the senescence program
Authors: Mazzucco Anna E. , Smogorzewska Agata , Kang Chanhee , Luo Ji , Schlabach Michael R. , Xu Qikai , Patel Rupesh , Elledge Stephen J.
Published: October 2017

Senescence is a terminal differentiation program that halts the growth of damaged cells and must be circumvented for cancer to arise. Here we describe a panel of genetic screens to identify genes required for replicative senescence. We uncover a role in senescence for the potent tumor suppressor and ATM substrate USP28. USP28 controls activation of both the TP53 branch and the GATA4/NFkB branch that controls the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These results suggest a role for ubiquitination in senescence and imply a common node downstream from ATM that links the TP53 and GATA4 branches of the senescence response.
Quantitative RNA-seq meta-analysis of alternative exon usage in C. elegans
Authors: Tourasse Nicolas J. , Millet Jonathan R.M. , Dupuy Denis
Published: October 2017

Almost 20 years after the completion of the C. elegans genome sequence, gene structure annotation is still an ongoing process with new evidence for gene variants still being regularly uncovered by additional in-depth transcriptome studies. While alternative splice forms can allow a single gene to encode several functional isoforms, the question of how much spurious splicing is tolerated is still heavily debated. Here we gathered a compendium of 1682 publicly available C. elegans RNA-seq data sets to increase the dynamic range of detection of RNA isoforms, and obtained robust measurements of the relative abundance of each splicing event. While most of the splicing reads come from reproducibly detected splicing events, a large fraction of purported junctions is only supported by a very low number of reads. We devised an automated curation method that takes into account the expression level of each gene to discriminate robust splicing events from potential biological noise. We found that rarely used splice sites disproportionately come from highly expressed genes and are significantly less conserved in other nematode genomes than splice sites with a higher usage frequency. Our increased detection power confirmed trans-splicing for at least 84% of C. elegans protein coding genes. The genes for which trans-splicing was not observed are overwhelmingly low expression genes, suggesting that the mechanism is pervasive but not fully captured by organism-wide RNA-seq. We generated annotated gene models including quantitative exon usage information for the entire C. elegans genome. This allows users to visualize at a glance the relative expression of each isoform for their gene of interest.
5-[(4-Bromobenzyl)oxy]-4-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-1,3-thiazole
Authors: Rajeev N. , Chandra  , Rajesh B. M. , Bhuvaneswara Babu T. , Sadashiva M. P.
Published: October 2017

In the title compound, C17H14BrNO3S2, the mean plane of the thiazole ring subtends dihedral angles of 3.6 (2) and 79.9 (2)° with the bromobenzyl and toluyl rings, respectively. In the crystal, short S...O contacts [3.012 (3) Å] and aromatic π–π stacking between the thiazole and toluyl rings [centroid–centroid separation = 3.687 (2) Å] are observed.
Methyl (1-benzamido-2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)tryptophanate
Authors: Karai Oumaima , Aouine Younas , Faraj Hassane , Alami Anouar , El Hallaoui Abdelilah , Zouihri Hafid
Published: October 2017

The title molecule, C22H23N3O2, is U-shaped, with a dihedral angle of 80.76 (9)° between the indole ring system and the phenyl ring. In the crystal, N—H...O hydrogen bonds combine with N—H...π and C—H...π interactions to generate a three-dimensional structure.
Everything community? Destructive processes in communities of crowdsourcing competitions
Authors: Faullant Rita , Dolfus Guido
Published: October 2017

Purpose

Virtual crowdsourcing initiatives, and in particular crowdsourcing competitions, have become a promising means of harnessing users’ creativity to help corporate innovation. To date, research has tended to focus on the outcome of the competition, i.e. on the creative solution. There is, however, a lack of understanding in such crowdsourcing environments of the creative process itself and the influence of social interaction on the platform during this process. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a series of qualitative interviews with participants from a major European crowdsourcing platform. The platform acts as an intermediary between companies and firms, and has launched more than 370 idea competitions.

Findings

The results suggest that there are not only positive interactions going on between participants. Below the surface, there also appear destructive processes provoked by the fierce competition among the contestants for prizes and a position in the Top Innovator lists. Such destructive behavior includes bullying of successful contestants, excessive use of like-functions among befriended contestants, and mutual donation of prize money among in-group members.

Practical implications

Negative social interaction among contestants of crowdsourcing communities can potentially threaten the platform provider’s business model. Managers of crowdsourcing platforms should engage in the development of strong social norms explicitly disapproving destructive behavior.

Originality/value

This study is the first to investigate in detail the phase of idea generation on crowdsourcing platforms, and the nature and impact of social interactions among contestants.
Financial Flexibility and Manager–Shareholder Conflict: Evidence from REITs
Authors: Riddiough Timothy , Steiner Eva
Published: October 2017

Using equity Real Estate Investment Trust data, we show empirically that the use of unsecured debt, which contains standardized covenants that place limits on total leverage and the use of secured debt, is associated with lower leverage outcomes. We then show that firm value is sensitive to leverage levels, where lower leverage is associated with higher firm value. In the presence of weak managerial governance, our results suggest that unsecured debt covenants function as a managerial commitment device that preserves the firm's debt capacity to enhance financial flexibility.
Changing Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Heavy Drinking Trajectories Through Young Adulthood: A Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Williams Edwina , Mulia Nina , Karriker‐Jaffe Katherine J. , Lui Camillia K.
Published: October 2017

Background

There is evidence of racial/ethnic differences in the age at which young adults age out of heavy drinking. Some studies have found Black and Hispanic drinkers engage in more frequent heavy drinking than White people beyond adulthood. Yet, the alcohol‐related disparities literature has produced contradictory findings on whether an age‐crossover effect is evident among racial/ethnic groups; that is, whether racial/ethnic minorities' drinking levels or trajectories are lower than White people at young ages but later exceed (or crossover) those of White people. This study extends this scant literature by assessing whether racial/ethnic differences in heavy drinking have changed over time (possibly accounting for mixed findings from prior research); and tests for an age‐crossover effect in heavy drinking using longitudinal data from 2 cohorts born 20 years apart.

Methods

Data are from the 1979 (n = 10,963) and 1997 (n = 8,852) cohorts of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). Generalized estimating equations were used to model trajectories of heavy drinking frequency from ages 17 to 31. Racial/ethnic differences were determined using sex‐stratified models and 3‐way interactions of race/ethnicity with age, age‐squared, and cohort.

Results

Racial/ethnic differences in heavy drinking trajectories have changed over time in men and women. In the older NLSY cohort, Hispanic men and Black women surpassed White men's and women's heavy drinking frequency by age 31. This crossover was absent in the younger cohort, where trajectories of all racial–sex groups converged by age 31. Normative trajectories have changed in Hispanics and White people of both sexes, with a delay in age of peak frequency, and greater levels of heavy drinking in the younger cohort of women.

Conclusions

Changes in heavy drinking trajectories over time suggest the need for targeted interventions during young adulthood. While disparities in young adult heavy drinking were no longer apparent in the more recent birth cohort, continued monitoring is important.
Dynamic intra‐epidermal bodies (IEBs) in koi epidermis
Authors: DePasquale Joseph A.
Published: October 2017

Koi scale epidermis contains large intra‐epidermal bodies (IEBs). IEBs are dynamic and circular structures that form in low frequency within the epidermis. During formation, an IEB pulls down the microridge‐laden surface layer, which takes on a creased or wrinkled appearance. After the IEB constricts, the microridge layer unfolds to its original state. The newly described IEBs are distinctly different from the recently reported apical rings which are situated on the surface of individual epidermal cells. While apical rings are directly exposed to the external environment where sampling can occur, IEBs appear to reflect intra‐epidermal events such as sequestering of dead cell remnants.
Predictive value of α‐amylase in tracheal aspirates for ventilator‐associated pneumonia in elderly patients
Authors: Qu Ge‐Ping , Fang Xiang‐Qun , Xu Ya‐Ping , Shi Min , Wang Yang , Gong Mei‐Liang , Fang Hao‐Ming
Published: October 2017

Objective

This study aims to investigate the correlation between α‐amylase in tracheal aspirates and risk factors of aspiration, as well as ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP), in elderly patients undergoing mechanical ventilation and explore the clinical value of α‐amylase for predicting VAP.

Methods

Tracheal aspirates were collected from elderly patients within 2 weeks after tracheal intubation in mechanical ventilation, and α‐amylase was detected. Patients were grouped according to the presence of VAP. The correlation between α‐amylase and risk factors of aspiration before intubation, as well as VAP, were analyzed.

Results

The sample of this study comprised 147 patients. The average age of these patients was 86.9 years. The incidence of VAP was 21% during the study period. Tracheal aspirate α‐amylase level increased with the increase in the number of risk factors for aspiration before intubation, α‐amylase level was significantly higher in the VAP group than in the non‐VAP group, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the diagnostic value of α‐amylase for VAP was 0.813 (95% CI: 0.721‐0.896), threshold value was 4,681.5 U/L, sensitivity was 0.801 and specificity was 0.793. Logistic multivariate analysis revealed the following risk factors for VAP: a number of risk factors before intubation of ≥3, a Glasgow score of <8 points, the absence of continuous aspiration of subglottic secretion and a tracheal aspirate α‐amylase level of >4681.5 U/L.

Conclusion

Tracheal aspirate α‐amylase can serve as a biomarker for predicting VAP in elderly patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.
Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides presenting with a solitary lesion: Clinicopathological features and long‐term follow‐up data in a series of 9 cases
Authors: van Santen Suzanne , Jansen Patty M. , Vermeer Maarten H. , Willemze Rein
Published: October 2017

Background

Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (FMF) is a distinct variant of mycosis fungoides, which in rare cases may present with a solitary lesion. Reported cases describe an excellent prognosis, but follow up was generally short. Herein, clinicopathologic characteristics, long‐term follow‐up data of 9 patients with solitary FMF are presented and differential diagnosis is discussed.

Methods

From a cohort of 203 patients with FMF, 9 cases with solitary FMF were selected. Clinical data and histological sections obtained at diagnosis and during follow up were reviewed.

Results

Skin lesions, in all patients located on the head, went into complete remission after treatment with radiotherapy (6 cases) or topical steroids (1 case) or regressed spontaneously (2 cases). After a median follow up of 89 months (range 51‐203 months), 5 patients were still in complete remission, 2 patients had developed multiple skin relapses, while 2 patients had progressed to extracutaneous and fatal disease. Histologically, all patients showed marked folliculotropism, associated with syringotropism (4 cases) and/or follicular mucinosis (5 cases). Large‐cell transformation was observed at presentation (2 cases) and during follow‐up (3 cases).

Conclusions

Long‐term follow‐up data indicate that patients with solitary FMF do not always have an indolent clinical course and therefore require long‐term follow up.
High calcium enhances the expression of double‐stranded RNA sensors and antiviral activity in epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: Yamamura Yuriko , Morizane Shin , Yamamoto Takenobu , Wada Jun , Iwatsuki Keiji
Published: October 2017

Double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensors including TLR3, MDA5 and RIG‐I are expressed in epidermal keratinocytes and play an important immunological role by enhancing various innate and adaptive immune responses. Although the role of elevated extracellular calcium concentration in keratinocyte differentiation is well understood, the effect of high calcium on dsRNA sensors is not well studied. We investigated alterations in dsRNA sensor expression and antiviral activity induced by a high extracellular concentration of calcium in epidermal keratinocytes. Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were stimulated with high calcium and/or synthetic dsRNA, poly (I:C). TLR3, IFIH1 (MDA5) and DDX58 (RIG‐I) expression were measured via qPCR, and IFN‐β and human beta‐defensin 2 (HBD2) levels were measured using ELISA. TLR3 localization was evaluated with immunocytofluorescence. Antiviral activity was quantified with virus plaque assays using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1). High calcium significantly upregulated mRNA expression of TLR3, IFIH1 and DDX58 in NHEKs. In addition, high calcium significantly enhanced poly (I:C)‐induced anti‐HSV‐1 activity in NHEKs. The antiviral molecule HBD2 but not IFN‐β induction by poly (I:C) was enhanced by high calcium. Our findings indicate that high levels of extracellular calcium enhance the expression of dsRNA sensors and augment antiviral activity in epidermal keratinocytes.
Transnational activism in support of national protest: questions of identity and organization
Authors: MERCEA DAN
Published: October 2017

In this article, I consider the question of whether transnational activism supporting national protest attains a cohesive collective identity on social media while remaining localized organizationally. I examine a corpus of social media data collected during two months of rolling protests in 2013 against the largest proposed open‐cast gold mine at Roşia Montană, Romania, which echoed among Romanian expatriates. A network text analysis of the data supplemented with interview findings revealed concerns with protest logistics as common across the transnational networks of protest localities on both Facebook and Twitter, a finding that testified to the coordinated character of the protests. On the other hand, collective identity emerged as the fruit of attempts to surmount localized protest experiences of geographically disparate but civically‐minded social media users.
Xenogenic collagen matrix or autologous connective tissue graft as adjunct to coronally advanced flaps for coverage of multiple adjacent gingival recession: Randomized trial assessing non‐inferiority in root coverage and superiority in oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Tonetti Maurizio S. , Cortellini Pierpaolo , Pellegrini Gaia , Nieri Michele , Bonaccini Daniele , Allegri Mario , Bouchard Philippe , Cairo Francesco , Conforti Gianpaolo , Fourmousis Ioannis , Graziani Filippo , Guerrero Adrian , Halben Jan , Malet Jacques , Rasperini Giulio , Topoll Heinz , Wachtel Hannes , Wallkamm Beat , Zabalegui Ion , Zuhr Otto
Published: October 2017

Aim

To evaluate the non‐inferiority of the adjunct of a xenogeneic collagen matrix (CMX) or connective tissue graft (CTG) to coronally advanced flaps (CAF) for coverage of multiple adjacent recessions and compare superiority in patient‐reported outcomes (PROM).

Material and methods

One hundred and eighty‐seven subjects (92 CMX) with 485 recessions in 14 centres were randomized and followed up for 6 months. Patients filled daily diaries for 15 days to monitor patient‐reported experience. The primary outcome was changed in position of the gingival margin. Multilevel analysis used centre, subject and tooth as levels and baseline parameters as covariates.

Results

Average baseline recession was 2.5 ± 1.0 mm. The surgery was 15.7 min shorter (95%CI from 11.9 to 19.6, p < .0001) and perceived lighter (11.9 VAS units, 95%CI from 4.6 to 19.1, p = .0014) in CMX subjects. Time to recovery was 1.8 days shorter in CMX. Six‐month root coverage was 1.7 ± 1.1 mm for CMX and 2.1 ± 1.0 mm for CTG (difference of 0.44 mm, 95%CI from 0.25 to 0.63 mm). The upper limit of the confidence interval was over the non‐inferiority margin of 0.25 mm. Odds of complete root coverage were significantly higher for CTG (OR = 4.0, 95% CI 1.8–8.8).

Conclusion

Replacing CTG with CMX shortens time to recovery and decreases morbidity, but the tested generation of devices is probably inferior to autologous CTG in terms of root coverage. Significant variability in PROMs was observed among centres.
The microsporidian pathogen Myrmecomorba nylanderiae: Intracolony transmission and impact upon tawny crazy ant (Nylanderia fulva) colonies
Authors: LeBrun E. G. , Ottens K. J. , Gilbert L. E.
Published: October 2017

The microsporidian pathogen Myrmecomorba nylanderiae Plowes et al. infects introduced tawny crazy ants (Nylanderia fulva (Mayr)), and constitutes one of the first natural enemies known to attack this invasive ant. We assess how infection is transmitted within colonies and how infection impacts N. fulva colony fragment growth under carbohydrate‐deficient and carbohydrate‐sufficient dietary conditions. Carbohydrate scarcity is a common source of stress for ant colonies. Infected workers efficiently pass infection to developing larvae but all other potential pathways for within colony transmission are rare or non‐viable. For unknown reasons, queens within infected colony fragments are generally uninfected, limiting the role of transovarial transmission in intracolony transmission. In the laboratory, infection by M. nylanderiae primarily impacts the growth of N. fulva colonies by reducing pupal production. Colony growth showed a substantially greater impact under carbohydrate‐deficient conditions implying that the effect of the pathogen may depend on seasonally variable carbohydrate availability. In the colony growth assay, worker mortality did not differ with infection status under either nutrient regime. However, in a longer, direct test of survivorship, infected worker survivorship was significantly lower. Recently, some established N. fulva populations with high prevalence of M. nylanderiae infection have declined precipitously, though it is unknown if M. nylanderiae is a causative agent in these declines. The combination of chronic impacts, presence in North America, and potential association with population declines makes M. nylanderiae a promising prospect for the biological control of N. fulva.
Effect of the Hospital Elder Life Program on Risk of 30‐Day Readmission
Authors: Rubin Fred H. , Bellon Johanna , Bilderback Andrew , Urda Kevin , Inouye Sharon K.
Published: October 2017

Objectives

To compare rates of 30‐day readmission between hospital units with a Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP) and control units without HELP.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

The study took place from July 1, 2013, to June 30, 2014, at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Shadyside, a 520‐bed community teaching hospital that has used HELP since 2002. Eight medical and surgical units with HELP were compared with 10 medical and surgical units without HELP.

Participants

During the study period, HELP units, had 4,794 patients aged 70 and older, and usual care units had 2,834.

Intervention

HELP is a multifactorial, multidisciplinary program that provides targeted interventions for delirium risk factors in at‐risk individuals in collaboration with bedside staff.

Measurements

Mixed‐effects Poisson regression models were used to estimate the adjusted incident risk ratio for 30‐day readmission between HELP and usual care units for the overall cohort and for the subgroup of individuals discharged home, with or without services.

Results

Patients on HELP units were more likely than those in usual care units to be older, female, and black and had an unadjusted readmission rate of 16.9%, versus 18.9% for patients on control units. The adjusted risk of readmission was 0.83 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.73–0.94, P = .003) for HELP unit patients overall and 0.74 (95% CI = 0.63–0.87, P < .001) for HELP unit patients discharged to home with or without services.

Conclusion

The HELP program is associated with lower risk of 30‐day hospital readmission overall and for the subgroup of individuals discharged to home. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these observations.
Clinical Results and Technical Complications of Posterior Implant‐Supported Modified Monolithic Zirconia Single Crowns and Short‐Span Fixed Dental Prostheses: A 2‐Year Pilot Study
Authors: Cheng Chih‐Wen , Chien Chia‐Hui , Chen Chun‐Jung , Papaspyridakos Panos
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this clinical trial was to investigate the clinical outcomes of implant‐supported modified monolithic zirconia single crowns (SCs) and short‐span fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) after a follow‐up of 2 years.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐seven patients in need of implant‐supported SCs or 3‐unit FDPs in the posterior maxilla or mandible were consecutively selected for this study. A total of 56 modified monolithic zirconia prostheses including 44 SCs (8 screw‐retained, 36 cement‐retained) and twelve 3‐unit FDPs (5 screw‐retained, 7 cement‐retained) were included in this study. All patients were followed at 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 2 years after placement of the modified monolithic zirconia prostheses. During the follow‐up period, all prostheses were evaluated with clinical and radiographic examinations. The following technical parameters were assessed: framework fracture, fracture of veneering porcelain, screw loosening, loss of retention because of prosthesis de‐cementation and opposing tooth fracture.

Results

No implant was lost during the follow‐up period, yielding a 2‐year implant survival of 100%. One FDP failed because of framework fracture. The overall prosthesis survival rate was 98.2% after 2 years of clinical service. During the study, 5 complication events were observed in 3 SCs and one FDP, including one fracture of veneering porcelain and 2 screw loosenings in 3 SCs, and loss of retention and opposing tooth fracture in the same FDP. Therefore, the complication‐free rate of prostheses was 91.1%.

Conclusion

According to the results of this study, the modified monolithic zirconia design used in this study resulted in a favorable short‐term outcome for posterior implant‐supported SCs and 3‐unit FDPs.
A multispecies approach reveals hot spots and cold spots of diversity and connectivity in invertebrate species with contrasting dispersal modes
Authors: Cahill Abigail E. , De Jode Aurélien , Dubois Sophie , Bouzaza Zoheir , Aurelle Didier , Boissin Emilie , Chabrol Olivier , David Romain , Egea Emilie , Ledoux Jean‐Baptiste , Mérigot Bastien , Weber Alexandra Anh‐Thu , Chenuil Anne
Published: October 2017

Genetic diversity is crucial for species’ maintenance and persistence, yet is often overlooked in conservation studies. Species diversity is more often reported due to practical constraints, but it is unknown if these measures of diversity are correlated. In marine invertebrates, adults are often sessile or sedentary and populations exchange genes via dispersal of gametes and larvae. Species with a larval period are expected to have more connected populations than those without larval dispersal. We assessed the relationship between measures of species and genetic diversity, and between dispersal ability and connectivity. We compiled data on genetic patterns and life history traits in nine species across five phyla. Sampling sites spanned 600 km in the northwest Mediterranean Sea and focused on a 50‐km area near Marseilles, France. Comparative population genetic approaches yielded three main results. (i) Species without larvae showed higher levels of genetic structure than species with free‐living larvae, but the role of larval type (lecithotrophic or planktotrophic) was negligible. (ii) A narrow area around Marseilles, subject to offshore advection, limited genetic connectivity in most species. (iii) We identified sites with significant positive contributions to overall genetic diversity across all species, corresponding with areas near low human population densities. In contrast, high levels of human activity corresponded with a negative contribution to overall genetic diversity. Genetic diversity within species was positively and significantly linearly related to local species diversity. Our study suggests that local contribution to overall genetic diversity should be taken into account for future conservation strategies.
Seven years of clinical experience with the Yeast Traffic Light PNA FISH: Assay performance and possible implications on antifungal therapy
Authors: Klingspor Lena , Lindbäck Emma , Ullberg Måns , Özenci Volkan
Published: October 2017

We evaluated the performance of Yeast Traffic Light PNA FISH (YTL PNA FISH) in identification of Candida spp. from blood cultures. A total of 200 new episodes of candidaemia were analysed prospectively. The YTL PNA FISH results were reported to the clinicians and data on antifungal therapy were documented. In total, there were 164/200 (82%) positive blood culture bottles with monomicrobial growth. Coverage of monomicrobial yeast was 150/164 (91.5%). YTL PNA FISH could identify 23/24 (95.8%) Candida spp. in bottles with concomitant growth of bacteria and one yeast. Growth of two or more different yeast was observed in 12/200 (6%) blood culture bottles and the method could identify all yeast in 8/12 (66.7%). Data on antifungal treatment were available for 181/200 patients (90.5%). In 132/137 (96.4%) samples from patients without antifungal treatment, YTL PNA FISH could identify the Candida spp. or gave a negative result for yeast not included in panel, and based on the result guide appropriate antifungal therapy the same day when the blood culture bottle signalled positive. This study shows that YTL PNA FISH is a rapid, reliable diagnostic method which significantly reduces time delay for choice of appropriate antifungal therapy for critically ill patients.
Myoblots: dystrophin quantification by in‐cell western assay for a streamlined development of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) treatments
Authors: Ruiz‐Del‐Yerro E. , Garcia‐Jimenez I. , Mamchaoui K. , Arechavala‐Gomeza V.
Published: October 2017

Aims

New therapies for neuromuscular disorders are often mutation specific and require to be studied in patient's cell cultures. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) dystrophin restoration drugs are being developed but as muscle cell cultures from DMD patients are scarce and do not grow or differentiate well, only a limited number of candidate drugs are tested. Moreover, dystrophin quantification by western blotting requires a large number of cultured cells; so fewer compounds are as thoroughly screened as is desirable. We aimed to develop a quantitative assessment tool using fewer cells to contribute in the study of dystrophin and to identify better drug candidates.

Methods

An ‘in‐cell western’ assay is a quantitative immunofluorescence assay performed in cell culture microplates that allows protein quantification directly in culture, allowing a higher number of experimental repeats and throughput. We have optimized the assay (‘myoblot’) to be applied to the study of differentiated myoblast cultures.

Results

After an exhaustive optimization of the technique to adapt it to the growth and differentiation rates of our cultures and the low intrinsic expression of our proteins of interests, our myoblot protocol allows the quantification of dystrophin and other muscle‐associated proteins in muscle cell cultures. We are able to distinguish accurately between the different sets of patients based on their dystrophin expression and detect dystrophin restoration after treatment.

Conclusions

We expect that this new tool to quantify muscle proteins in DMD and other muscle disorders will aid in their diagnosis and in the development of new therapies.
Approaches to modeling the development of physiological stress responsivity
Authors: Hinnant J. Benjamin , Philbrook Lauren E. , Erath Stephen A. , El‐Sheikh Mona
Published: October 2017

Influential biopsychosocial theories have proposed that some developmental periods in the lifespan are potential pivot points or opportunities for recalibration of stress response systems. To date, however, there have been few longitudinal studies of physiological stress responsivity and no studies comparing change in physiological stress responsivity across developmental periods. Our goals were to (a) address conceptual and methodological issues in studying the development of physiological stress responsivity within and between individuals, and (b) provide an exemplar for evaluating development of responsivity to stress in the parasympathetic nervous system, comparing respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) responsivity from middle to late childhood with middle to late adolescence. We propose the use of latent growth modeling of stress responsivity that includes time‐varying covariates to account for conceptual and methodological issues in the measurement of physiological stress responsivity. Such models allow researchers to address key aspects of developmental sensitivity including within‐individual variability, mean level change over time, and between‐individual variability over time. In an empirical example, we found significant between‐individual variability over time in RSA responsivity to stress during middle to late childhood but not during middle to late adolescence, suggesting that childhood may be a period of greater developmental sensitivity at the between‐individual level.
Loss‐of‐function of ASPARTIC PEPTIDASE NODULE‐INDUCED 1 (APN1) in Lotus japonicus restricts efficient nitrogen‐fixing symbiosis with specific Mesorhizobium loti strains
Authors: Yamaya‐Ito Hiroko , Shimoda Yoshikazu , Hakoyama Tsuneo , Sato Shusei , Kaneko Takakazu , Hossain Md Shakhawat , Shibata Satoshi , Kawaguchi Masayoshi , Hayashi Makoto , Kouchi Hiroshi , Umehara Yosuke
Published: October 2017

The nitrogen‐fixing symbiosis of legumes and Rhizobium bacteria is established by complex interactions between the two symbiotic partners. Legume Fix– mutants form apparently normal nodules with endosymbiotic rhizobia but fail to induce rhizobial nitrogen fixation. These mutants are useful for identifying the legume genes involved in the interactions essential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. We describe here a Fix– mutant of Lotus japonicus, apn1, which showed a very specific symbiotic phenotype. It formed ineffective nodules when inoculated with the Mesorhizobium loti strain TONO. In these nodules, infected cells disintegrated and successively became necrotic, indicating premature senescence typical of Fix– mutants. However, it formed effective nodules when inoculated with the M. loti strain MAFF303099. Among nine different M. loti strains tested, four formed ineffective nodules and five formed effective nodules on apn1 roots. The identified causal gene, ASPARTIC PEPTIDASE NODULE‐INDUCED 1 (LjAPN1), encodes a nepenthesin‐type aspartic peptidase. The well characterized Arabidopsis aspartic peptidase CDR1 could complement the strain‐specific Fix– phenotype of apn1. LjAPN1 is a typical late nodulin; its gene expression was exclusively induced during nodule development. LjAPN1 was most abundantly expressed in the infected cells in the nodules. Our findings indicate that LjAPN1 is required for the development and persistence of functional (nitrogen‐fixing) symbiosis in a rhizobial strain‐dependent manner, and thus determines compatibility between M. loti and L. japonicus at the level of nitrogen fixation.
TANF Participation and Intimate Partner Violence: Exploring Barriers to Self-Sufficiency
Authors: Thomas Johanna , Collier-Tenison Shannon , Maxwell December , Cheek Cody
Published: October 2017

Interpersonal Violence (IPV) is regarded as a primary barrier to employment for women in poverty. For recipients of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), required to participate in work-related activities, experiences of IPV threatens the ability to meet work requirements, resulting in sanctions, if they do not have exemptions through a domestic violence option (DVO) waiver. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of IPV on self-sufficiency in a sample of TANF participants. Data for the study were collected from a mail survey instrument sent to 2,000 randomly selected TANF recipients in one state in the U.S. Findings indicate the majority of the sample (N=525) was female (96%), non-white (73%), and single (86%). One-third of respondents experienced IPV and 29% experienced IPV within the past year. Approximately half of the respondents sustained a physical injury and 29% reported trouble working due to IPV. Non-parametric correlation analysis indicated those who reported IPV were less likely to be employed (p <.002). Respondents reporting violence in the past year and were less likely to be self-sufficient (p =.01). Lastly, participants who experienced an injury from IPV were also significantly more likely to have trouble working (p <.001). Although IPV is just one of many barriers to self-sufficiency for poor women, the lack of access to employment can have dire consequences for women reliant upon TANF benefits. This study indicates a need to further explore the linkages between IPV, access to employment, and other barriers to self-sufficiency.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: October 2017

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 11Anne M. Hornak, Central Michigan University, USAAntónio Calha, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, PortugalAubri Rote, University of North Carolina at Asheville, USACagla Atmaca, Pamukkale University, TurkeyCarmen Pérez-Sabater, Universitat Poltècnica de València, SpainCevdet Cengiz, TurkeyChosang Tendhar, Long Island University (LIU), USADavid A. Compton, Wingate University, USADeniz Hünük, TurkeyElena Jerves, University of Cuenca, EcuadorEnisa Mede, Bahcesehir University, TurkeyErica D. Shifflet-Chila, Michigan State University, USAEyüp Bozkurt, Fırat University, TurkeyFatma Ozudogru, Usak University, TurkeyGunkut Mesci, Giresun University, TurkeyIbrahim Goktas, Adnan Menderes University, TurkeyIntakhab Khan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaIoannis Syrmpas, University of Thessaly, GreeceJohn Bosco Azigwe, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, GhanaJohn Jongho Park, University of Michigan, USALaima Kyburiene, Kaunas University of Applied Sciences, LithuaniaLinda J. Rappel, Yorkville University/University of Calgary, CanadaLisa Marie Portugal, Grand Canyon University, USALorna T. Enerva, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, PhilippinesM. Fatih Karahuseyinoglu, Firat University, TurkeyMan-fung Lo, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong KongMaria Pavlis Korres, Hellenic Open University, GreeceMehmet Inan, Marmara University, TurkeyMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMustafa Çakır, Marmara Üniversity, TurkeyRichard H. Martin, Mercer University, USARichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASelloane Pitikoe, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South AfricaStamatis Papadakis, University of Crete, GreeceSuzan Kavanoz, Yıldız Technical University, TurkeyThomas K. F. Chiu, The University of Hong Kong, Hong KongYalçın Dilekli, Aksaray University, TurkeyZafer Ibrahimoglu, Marmara University, TurkeyZeki Coskuner, Firat University, Turkey                            Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Design of Electromagnetic Coils and Temperature Regulation Circuits for Impeding Microbial Growth on Medical Device Surfaces
Authors: Singal Ashish
Published: October 2017

Microorganisms that form biofilm on surface of medical devices represent a major health risk for patients and an economic burden for the health care system [1]. Biofilms are conglomerates of bacterial colonies characterized by the production of an exo-polysaccharide matrix making it challenging to eradicate them by using chemical or antibiotic treatments [2]. More than 70% of biofilm-related infections are resistant to at least one drug, therefore, alternative forms of treatments have been investigated. Previously we have reported compelling new data showing the synergistic effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) and elevated temperatures on the colonization and survival of pathogenic bacteria on medical device surfaces [3]. Here we report the design and development of prototypical EMF coils and temperature regulation circuits that are simple and cost effective for impeding microbial growth on medical device surfaces.
Characteristics of Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid Ratio for the Varying Body Impedances in Fixed Total Body Fluid
Authors: Choi JungHun
Published: October 2017

A bioelectrical impedance analysis is a proven method to measure body composition in clinical situations. It uses the relation between the body fluid and the impedances in a variety of frequencies. A body model can be simplified as a parallel combination of a capacitor and two resistors which represent a cell membrane, Intracellular Fluid (ICF), and Extracellular Fluid (ECF). Low frequency current passes through ECF and high frequency current also passes through ICF in a body. A Cole-Cole plot is a graphical interpretation of the path of impedances and each axis represents resistance and reactance with variable frequencies. A high value of resistance in a horizontal axis is a resistance value of ECF and a low value of resistance at a high frequency presents ICF. Interpolation technique is needed to find out the exact cross-point between impedance values and the horizontal axis. The two estimated impedance values are used to derive Total Body Water (TBW), ICF, ECF, Fat Free Mass (FFM), and Fat Mass (FM) from various published equations [1]. Minimizing the possible error of fluid volume assessment and accurate prediction of fluid status in a human body is essential for appropriate therapy. Different techniques of fluid status assessment in a human body can be applicable, such as physical examination, orthostatic vital signs, blood volume measurement, acoustic cardiograph, chest radiography, and thoracic ultrasonography [2]. In this study, a bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy device and simple body models were used to collect data such as TBW, ICF, ECF, FM, and FFM. The ratio between ICF and ECF was investigated for the same values of TBW, FM, and FFM by varying impedance values.
Towards a Soft Robotic 3rd Arm for Activities of Daily Living
Authors: Olson Weston R. , Polygerinos Panagiotis
Published: October 2017

Limb sensorimotor function plays an important role in activities of daily living (ADLs) and quality of life. Spinal cord dysfunctions, such as cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), often affect limb function and limit independence. In this paper, we apply technologies from the emerging field of soft robotics to develop Soft Robotic 3rd Arms (SR3As) that branch out of the body — thus providing an artificial limb that enables effective execution of ADLs for CSM patients and the like.

Soft robotics is a fairly recent addition to the field of robotics. Differing from traditional, “hard”, robotics, soft robotics are made of flexible materials such as silicone rather than stiff materials such as metals. One such soft robotic actuator is the fiber-reinforced actuator (FRA). Fabricated utilizing a combination of silicone bladder(s) and inextensible materials, these actuators are able to perform one of various motions through changes of pressure [1].

Supernumerary limbs (3rd arms), in contrast, are extra robotic limbs that can function cooperatively or independently of the user’s own limbs. These differ from exoskeletal robotics, as they are not fixated to the user’s limb to augment strength, but rather are placed elsewhere on the body to assist in tasks that would otherwise require multiple people. Examples of such devices include MIT/Boeing’s supernumerary arms to assist in the assembly of aircraft fuselage [2] or the supernumerary hand Softhand [3].

Combining these two concepts, an articulate SR3A was created (Fig. 1). By replacing traditional actuators with soft actuators, the limb is not only lighter, but it also better replicates the equivalent human limb. In addition to these benefits, the SR3A would also need to be less expensive to fabricate and actuate than an arm using rigid body components. This paper presents the design of a proof-of-concept prototype of a SR3A utilizing soft robotic actuators that could be used to assist individuals with hand impairments perform ADLs.
Multimodal Affect Recognition for Assistive Human-Robot Interactions
Authors: Hong Alexander , Tsuboi Yuma , Nejat Goldie , Benhabib Beno
Published: October 2017

Socially assistive robots can provide cognitive assistance with activities of daily living, and promote social interactions to those suffering from cognitive impairments and/or social disorders. They can be used as aids for a number of different populations including those living with dementia or autism spectrum disorder, and for stroke patients during post-stroke rehabilitation [1]. Our research focuses on developing socially assistive intelligent robots capable of partaking in natural human-robot interactions (HRI). In particular, we have been working on the emotional aspects of the interactions to provide engaging settings, which in turn lead to better acceptance by the intended users. Herein, we present a novel multimodal affect recognition system for the robot Luke, Fig. 1(a), to engage in emotional assistive interactions.

Current multimodal affect recognition systems mainly focus on inputs from facial expressions and vocal intonation [2], [3]. Body language has also been used to determine human affect during social interactions, but has yet to be explored in the development of multimodal recognition systems. Body language has been strongly correlated to vocal intonation [4]. The combined modalities provide emotional information due to the temporal development underlying the neural interaction in audiovisual perception [5].

In this paper, we present a novel multimodal recognition system that uniquely combines inputs from both body language and vocal intonation in order to autonomously determine user affect during assistive HRI.
Laparoscopic Skill Classification Using the Two-Third Power Law and the Isogony Principle
Authors: French Anna , Kowalewski Timothy M.
Published: October 2017

Surgical skill evaluation is a field that attempts to improve patient outcomes by accurately assessing surgeon proficiency. An important application of the information gathered from skill evaluation is providing feedback to the surgeon on their performance. The most commonly utilized methods for judging skill all depend on some type of human intervention. Expert panels are considered the gold standard for skill evaluation, but are cost prohibitive and often take weeks or months to deliver scores. The Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) is a widely adopted surgical training regime. Its scoring method is based on task time and number of task-specific errors, which currently requires a human proctor to calculate. This scoring method requires prior information on the distribution of scores among skill levels, which creates a problem any time a new training module or technique is introduced. These scores are not normally provided while training for the FLS skills test, and [1] has shown that FLS scoring does not lend any additional information over sorting skill levels based on task time. Crowd sourced methods such as those in [2] have also been used to provide feedback and have shown concordance with patient outcomes, however it still takes a few hours to generate scores after a training session.

It is desired to find an assessment method that can deliver a score immediately following a training module (or even in real time) and depends neither on human intervention nor on task-specific probability distributions. It is hypothesized that isogony-based surgical tool motion analysis discerns surgical skill level independent of task time.
A Custom Contoured Surgical Pillow to Reduce Soring
Authors: Rizza Robert , Liu XueCheng , Clarke William , Tassone Channing
Published: October 2017

Commercial donut pillows are used during lengthy surgical operations. With the patient anesthetized, the multiple pressure points on the head and wrinkling of the skin cut off blood circulation in the face, which leads to facial decubitus ulcers [1].

Cellular type materials such as foam, which are used in these pillows, are very effective in reducing pressure points by transferring pressure into shear forces [2]. In a similar way to surgical pillows, these materials are used to reduce foot pain due to plantar pressure in foot orthotics [3].

However, these same shear forces lead to wrinkling of the skin which generates sores. These shear forces are related to shear stress in the pillow. Pressure normal to the pillow surface is related to normal stress in the pillow, which also leads to soring. Thus, the optimal pillow design, which reduces sores due to pressure points and wrinkling, would be characterized by the design where optimal values of the normal and shear stress are obtained [2].

In a previous study [2], a surgical pillow design was developed which implemented foam wedges. The angle these foam wedges made with the transverse plane was determined to be the angle that gave minimal values of the normal and shear stresses. Thus this new pillow design reduced pressure sores as well as sores due to wrinkling of the skin.

The use of foam wedges has some fundamental disadvantages. Chief among these disadvantages is that the wedges have planar surfaces which do not match the curvature of the human body well. This tends to make the wedges uncomfortable and ineffective. In addition, the manufacturing of small wedges which then have to be connected to the main pillow structure is cumbersome and inefficient.

In this study, a new pillow design was developed which is based on the contour of the patient’s body to generate supportive surfaces that not only match the patient’s shape exactly but which minimizes normal and shear stresses.