bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robotic liver surgery: literature review and current evidence
Authors: Ruzzenente Andrea , Alaimo Laura , Conci Simone , Bagante Fabio , Campagnaro Tommaso , Pedrazzani Corrado , Guglielmi Alfredo
Published: December 2020

In the field of minimally invasive surgery, robotic surgery (RS) was introduced to overcome drawbacks in laparoscopic surgery. However, its clinical application in hepatobiliary surgery is not yet standardized. This review analyzed the results of RS to clarify the benefits of robotic liver surgery in comparison with standard laparoscopy. Among 112 publications found in the literature, the 72 most relevant were selected and the following data were extracted: patients characteristics, operative procedures, histopathology, short-term and long-term outcomes, and costs. Twenty-nine articles on robotic liver resections, published in the last five years (2015-2020) and including 1831 patients, were analyzed. Twenty-five comparative studies between robotic and laparoscopic surgery were evaluated to underline the differences in operative outcomes. Eventually, 4 sub-group analyses were conducted on hepatocellular carcinoma, gallbladder cancer, hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and colorectal liver metastases. Almost all the authors reported data on safety, feasibility and oncologic effectiveness of RS reaching comparable results with laparoscopy. However, even if robotic surgery showed longer operative time and higher costs, in selected cases it allowed to increase the rate of minimally invasive approach when compared with laparoscopy. Thus, both open and minimally invasive surgery should be provided in a modern hepatobiliary center, including the robotic approach particularly to complex cases, otherwise very demanding by laparoscopy. In conclusion, different techniques should be tailored to each patient, choosing the minimally invasive approach when possible, enhancing patients’ recovery after surgery, especially in cirrhotic livers and in the context of liver transplantation. Although many centers experienced robotic liver surgery, more and larger studies are necessary to define its real benefits relative to laparoscopy, in order to standardize patient selection criteria and techniques.
III. Ahmed Devrinde Osmanlı Kur’an Kıraatı Geleneğine Bir Hicaz Pratiğini Dahil Etme Teşebbüsü: “Harf-i Dâd” Yahut “Velâ’d-Dâllîn” Tartışması
Authors: GEL Mehmet
Published: December 2020

Bu makalede Ayasofya Camii vaizi Süleyman Efendi’nin

(ö. 1722) 1718 yılında İstanbul’da dâd ( ) harfinin telaffuz

ediliş şeklinin doğru olmadığı ve tashih edilmesi gerektiği

iddiasıyla başlattığı “harf-i dâd tartışması” incelenmektedir.

İlmî, fikrî, dinî ve içtimai birçok boyutu olan bu tartışma,

İstanbul’da ciddi bir sosyal kargaşa meydana getirmiş

ve nihayet Osmanlı merkezî iktidarının müdahalesiyle

noktalanmıştır. Söz konusu boyutların her biri açısından

ilgi çekici olan bu tartışma, özellikle Haremeyn ve Kahire

ilim çevrelerinin Osmanlı ilim geleneği ve dinî hayatı üzerindeki

etkisine ışık tutması bakımından önem arz etmektedir.

Bu sebeple, makalede öncelikle tartışmaya yol açan faktörler ve öne çıkan aktörlerinin ilişki ağlarına odaklanılmaktadır.

Sonrasında ise, Târîh-i Râşid, Vekâyiü’l-fudalâ,

Sadreddinzade’nin Ceride’si gibi birincil tarih ve biyografi

kaynaklarına ve meseleyle bağlantılı olarak yazılmış dâd

harfi konulu birçok risaleye dayalı olarak tartışma tasvir ve

tahlil edilmektedir. Makalede tartışma bir sosyal tarih meselesi

olarak ele alındığı için, kıraat ilmini ilgilendiren boyut

bu tasvir ve tahlillerin dışında kalmaktadır. Makalede bu

tasvir ve tahliller çerçevesinde tartışmanın sebebi, aktörleri,

ilmî-fikrî, dinî, içtimai, siyasi dinamikleri ve Osmanlı ilim

çevrelerindeki yansımaları hakkında birçok tespit, açıklama

ve yorum dile getirilmektedir.
The Use of a Constructivist Blended Approach to Teaching Geography in a Secondary School
Authors: Richards Deidra Margaret , Birbal Roland , Ramdass Mala
Published: December 2020

This action research study used qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate students’ performance in assessments and their perceptions and experiences with the use of a constructivist blended approach to teach secondary school geography. The constructivist blended model which used the 5-E strategy (Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate and Evaluate) informed teaching and assessment. Methods of data collection were test scores, an open-ended questionnaire, and a focus group interview.Findings suggest that although students’ performance in the assessment and their perceptions and experiences of the constructivist blended classroom strategy were generally positive, several students felt challenged by its use. Students participated minimally in online discussions, and few read online resources. Furthermore, classroom discussions were still mostly teacher directed as many students experienced a high level of fear and anxiety with in-class presentations. A reliance on educators as the main source of knowledge persisted, with reluctance by some to assume an independent role in their learning. We conclude that although students generally approved of the strategy, and performed better in the assessments, their experiences of schooling in an authoritarian, post-colonial education system challenged its effective use.
Chaos and the speaking body: spitting on Hegel with Lygia Clark and the limits of language in psychoanalysis
Authors: Minozzo Ana Carolina
Published: December 2020

The Hegelian dialectics, inherited by Lacan, assume a division between the Subject and historical time, or, assuming a Symbolic system that is mediated by the phallic law, that only re-produces subjugated subjectivities, without a chance to create something new or be in touch with any chaos outside this phallogocentric system. So, echoing the 1977 essay by Italian feminist Carla Lonzi: “let’s spit on Hegel” – maybe with Lygia Clark’s Anthropophagic Slobber. [...] Guided by Clark’s chaotic vibration, we can think through what happens to the body in/of the world and to the world with/of bodies through the potency of a subjective full/void that vibrates independently from any Other. In chaos we avoid the total reign of language and identity as well as materialist biological reductionism of experience. We meet chaos in the frontier of the vibrating ‘full-void’ of bodies.
Peace wanted alive: an artist’s response to Kenya’s post-election violence
Authors: Halliday Craig
Published: December 2020

In this article I examine how the chaos of Kenya’s PEV became the source of motivation for Solo 7’s peace activism. For the artist, the term "chaos" was initially understood as a metaphor for the violence and destruction in the slum of Kibera (where Solo 7 resides), which upturned daily life as people knew it. The article will go on to argue that once this particular episode of chaos came to an end, other forms emerged – notably, an anxiety as to whether violence might reoccur, but also the uncertainty of surviving day to day in a precarious and highly unequal society. These multi-layered connotations of chaos created new subtexts for how Solo 7’s peace slogans and activism were interpreted and used by both the artist and public. [...] And they are needed today more than ever.
Detection of Whole Genome Selection Signatures of Pakistani Teddy Goat
Authors: Saif Rashid , Henkel Jan , Mahmood Tania , Ejaz Aniqa , Ahmed Fraz , Zia Saeeda
Published: December 2020

Whole genome pooled sequence data of 12 Pakistani Teddy goats is analyzed for positive selection signatures as their breed defining characteristics. Selection imprints left in the Teddy genome are unveiled by genomic differentiation after the successful paired-end alignment of 635,357,043 reads with (ARS1) reference genome assembly. Pooled-heterozygosity ( ) and Tajima’s D (TD) are applied for validation and getting better hits of selection signals, while pairwise FST statistics is conducted on Teddy vs. Bezoar (wild goat ancestor) for genomic differentiation. Annotation of regions under positive selection reveals 59 genes underlying production and adaptive traits. score ≥ 5 detected six windows having highest scores on Chr. 29, 9, 25, 15 and 14 that harbor HRASLS5, LACE1 and AXIN1 genes which are candidate for embryonic development, lactation and body height. Secondly, TD value of ≤ -2.2 showed 4 windows with very strong hits on Chr.5 & 9 harbor STIM1 and ADM genes related to body mass and weight. Lastly, FST analysis generated three strong signals with threshold ≤ 0.42 on Chr.12 & 5 harbor ITGB1 gene associated with milk production & lactation traits. Other significant selection signatures encompass genes associated with wool production, prolificacy, immunity and coat colors. In brief, this study identified the genes under selection in this Pakistani goat breed that will be helpful to refining future breeding policies and converging required productive traits within and across other goat breeds and to explore full genetic potential of this valued livestock species.
Pilot Study to Develop and Test Palliative Care Quality Indicators for Nursing Homes
Authors: Dupont Charless , De Schreye Robrecht , Cohen Joachim , De Ridder Mark , Van den Block Lieve , Deliens Luc , Leemans Kathleen
Published: December 2020

An increasingly frail population in nursing homes accentuates the need for high quality care at the end of life and better access to palliative care in this context. Implementation of palliative care and its outcomes can be monitored by using quality indicators. Therefore, we developed a quality indicator set for palliative care in nursing homes and a tailored measurement procedure using a mixed-methods design. We developed the instrument in three phases: 1) literature search, 2) interviews with experts and 3) indicator and measurement selection by expert consensus (RAND/UCLA). Second, we pilot tested and evaluated the instrument in nine nursing homes in Flanders, Belgium. After identifying 26 indicators in the literature and expert interviews, 19 of them were selected through expert consensus. Setting-specific themes were advance care planning, autonomy and communication with family. The quantitative and qualitative analyses showed the indicators were measurable, had good preliminary face validity and discriminative power and were considered useful in terms of quality monitoring according to the caregivers. The quality indicators can be used in a large implementation study and process evaluation in order to achieve continuous monitoring of the access to palliative care for all residents in nursing homes.
PFDA- FMEA. An Integrated Method Improving FMEA Assessment in Product Design
Authors: Garcia Pedro , Perez-Dominguez Luis , Luviano-Cruz David , Solano Noriega Jesus Jaime , Martinez Gomez Erwing , Callejas-Cuervo Mauro
Published: December 2020

Product Design is getting nowadays new challenges on developing new products, since the industry is in a rush to introduce products into the marketplace, where customers demand products faster, cheaper, and free of failures. In the meantime, global companies are always trying to improve their Product Design process to get advantages over their competitors using proven tools like FEMA and mixing methodologies like Fuzzy theories with FMEA. Even today using all this tools and combination of methodologies there is a gap to address and it is required a robust risk analysis solving current issues in the electronic industry. This document aims to reveal a novel integrated method, where Failure Mode and Effect Analysis, Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets and Dimensional Analysis are cohesive into a model that minimize the uncertainty of the ranking and prioritization over the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis execution, helping to identify risks within an accurate grade over possible failures in the Product Design process. A real practical example is used to show the proposed method, where it is identified a robust methodology integration and solid and results using a sensitivity analysis.
Occupancy of the American Three-toed Woodpecker in a Heavily Managed Boreal Forest of Eastern Canada
Authors: Lamarre Vincent , Tremblay Junior A.
Published: December 2020

The southern extent of the boreal forest in North America has experienced intensive human disturbance in the past decades. Among these, forest harvesting leads to the substantial loss of late-successional stands that include key habitat attributes for several avian species. The American Three-toed Woodpecker, Picoides dorsalis, is associated with continuous old spruce forests in the eastern part of its range. In this study, we assess the influence of habitat characteristics at different scales on the occupancy of American Three-toed Woodpecker in a heavily managed boreal landscape of northeastern Canada, and we inferred species occupancy at the regional scale. We conducted 185 playback stations over two breeding seasons and modelled the occupancy of the species while taking into account the probability of detection. American Three-toed Woodpecker occupancy was lower in stands with large areas recently clear-cut, and higher in landscapes with large extents of old-growth forest dominated by black spruce. At the regional scale, areas with high probability of occupancy were scarce and mostly within protected areas. Habitat requirements of the American Three-toed Woodpecker during the breeding season, coupled with over-all low occupancy rate in our study area, challenge its long-term sustainability in such heavily managed landscapes. Additionally, the scarcity of areas of high probability of occupancy in the region suggest that the ecological role of old forest outside protected areas could be compromised.
Nicotine Changes Airway Epithelial Phenotype and May Increase the SARS-COV2 Infection Severity
Authors: Lupacchini Leonardo , Maggi Fabrizio , Tomino Carlo , De Dominicis Chiara , Mollinari Cristiana , Fini Massimo , Bonassi Stefano , Merlo Daniela , Russo Patrizia
Published: December 2020

(1) Background: Nicotine is implicated in the SARS-COV-2 infection through activation of the α7-nAChR and over-expression of ACE2. Our objective is to clarify the role of nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection exploring its molecular and cellular activity. (2) Methods: HBEpC or si-mRNA-α7-HBEpC were treated for 1, 48 h or continuously with 10-7 M Nicotine, a concentration mimicking human exposure to a cigarette. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated by trypan blue dye exclusion and cell counting, migration by cell migration assay, senescence by SA-beta-Gal activity, and anchorage-independent growth by cloning in soft agar. Expression of Ki67, p53/phospho-p53, VEGF, EGFR/pEGFR, phospho-p38, intracellular Ca+2, ATP and EMT were evaluated by ELISA and/or western blotting. (3) Results: Nicotine induced through α7-nAChR (i) increase in cell viability (ii) cell proliferation; (iii) Ki67 over-expression, (iv) phospho-p38 up-regulation (v) EGFR/pEGFR over-expression; (vi) increase in basal Ca+2 concentration, (vii) reduction of ATP production; (viii) decreased level of p53/phospho-p53, (ix) delayed senescence, (x) VEGF increase, (xi) EMT and consequent (xii) enhanced migration, and (xiii) ability to grow independently of the substrate. (4) Conclusions: Based on our results and on evidence showing that Nicotine potentiates viral infection it is likely that Nicotine is involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity
Quantification of Doughnut Economy with the Sustainability Window method: Analysis of Development in Thailand.
Authors: Luukkanen Jyrki , Vehmas Jarmo , Kaivo-oja Jari
Published: December 2020

The Doughnut Economy is a new approach for the inclusion of planetary boundaries and social foundation in the development of societies. The Sustainable Development Goals of the UN determine another view for development targets. The developed Sustainability Window approach provides a means for operationalisation and quantification of the Doughnut Economy. The developed method calculates minimum economic development to guarantee sustainable social development and maximum economic development not to exceed environmental sustainability. The developed method, ASA Doughnut, is illustrated with case data from Thailand. The sustainability Doughnut for Thailand has been calculated for both weak and strong sustainability criteria. It seems that strong sustainability is a too strict requirement regarding several environmental dimensions of development while the weak sustainability criteria are fulfilled. The developed method and tool is flexible and can be used for comparative analysis of different countries or regions, for dynamic analysis of sustainability development, for gap analysis of the required improvement of environmental or social efficiency, and analysis of degrowth possibilities. The selection of indicators for the analyses and their reliability is crucial for the validity of the results and usefulness in policy planning.
TEfinder: A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Detecting New Transposable Element Insertion Events in Next-Generation Sequencing Data
Authors: Sohrab Vista , López-Díaz Cristina , Di Pietro Antonio , Ma Li-Jun , Ayhan Dilay Hazal
Published: December 2020

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements capable of rapidly altering the genome through their movements. The importance of TE activity has been documented in many biological processes, such as introducing genetic instability, altering patterns of gene expression, and accelerating genome evolution. Increasing appreciation of TEs results in the growing number of bioinformatics software to identify insertion events. However, the application of existing TE finding tools is limited by either narrow-focused design of the package, too many dependencies on other tools, or prior knowledge required as input files that may not be readily available to all users. Here, we report a simple pipeline, TEfinder, developed for the detection of new TE insertions with minimal software dependencies using four inputs that can be easily generated with popular variant calling pipelines. The external software requirements are BEDTools, SAMtools, and Picard. Necessary inputs include TEs present in the reference genome, binary paired-end alignment, reference genome index, and a list of TE names. We tested TEfinder pipeline among several evolving populations of Fusarium oxysporum generated through a short-term adaptation study. Our results demonstrate that this easy-to-use tool can effectively detect new TE insertion events, making it accessible and practical for TE analysis.
Exhaustive Capture of Ovarian Cancer Transcriptional and Genomic Variant Integrating Canonical and Mapping-Free Protocols
Authors: Fu Zhiqin , Lu Chao , Ding Chao , Zhou Chengxi , Yu Tingting , Yang Yue , Shi Liang
Published: December 2020

Ovarian cancer is the most frequent cause of deaths in gynecologic malignancies. Many possible mechanisms have been proposed via RNAseq and DNAseq technique recently. However, the driving factors are still obscure. The possible reasons are attributed to the incomplete human reference. This study integrated the canonical mapping-based and mapping-free protocols to extract reliable variations and novel events. We eventually obtained 450 reliable SNVs from the WES data and novel events from the RNAseq data, including 154 SNVs, 462 intron events, two repeats and six splice events. We identified six differentially expressed genes and six contigs that are significantly related to survival prognosis. The recurrent SNVs in significantly differentially expressed genes can be validated in an independent cohort of 20 Chinese ovarian cancer patients.
Anatomía de un modelo sistémico-axiológico para la gestión de la sustentablidad de parques urbanos en zonas áridas
Authors: Sandoval Chávez Diego Adiel , Córdova y Vázquez Ana , Cervantes Rendón Esmeralda
Published: December 2020

Se combina un enfoque sistémico input-output y una taxonomía axiológica en la construcción de un modelo para la gestión de la sustentabilidad de parques urbanos, enfatizando las zonas áridas. El modelo se conforma realizando un escalamiento de los criterios STAMP del Reporte Bellagio de la OCDE, al caso de un parque urbano, incorporando un conjunto de principios axiológicos. Mediante un proceso sistemático, se transita de lo general a lo particular a lo largo de una jerarquía descendente, desarrollando factores e indicadores para la evaluación de la sustentabilidad de los parques. En el proceso sistémico se concentra en un solo esquema los indicadores medioambientales, sociales y económicos, relativos a la sustentabilidad de estos espacios. Basado en los trabajos previos, se presenta una discusión general acerca de la pertinencia del modelo, tomando como ejemplo el estudio de la amortiguación del ruido en el Parque Central “Hermanos Escobar” de Ciudad Juárez.
Validez de contenido de un instrumento de medición de ventaja competitiva del sector hotelero
Authors: Medina Parra Rosa Isabel
Published: December 2020

Ante los altos niveles de exigencia organizacional que dicta la globalización, generar y mantener ventaja competitiva, constituye un aspecto determinante para lograr el éxito empresarial, por lo que es necesario contar con instrumentos de medición puntuales, especialmente en firmas del sector servicios de entre las cuales destacan aquellas insertas en la actividad turística y de la cual el sector hotelero es pieza fundamental. La presente es una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva y no experimental, orientada a determinar la validez de contenido de un instrumento de medición de la ventaja competitiva del sector hotelero, en el contexto de Ciudad Juárez, desde dos modelos: Lawshe (1975) y Tristán (2008), a partir de un panel de expertos, quienes valoran el contenido y pertinencia de cada ítem; considerando que el CVI mínimo aceptable es de 0.582 y el valor obtenido es de 0.600, es posible concluir que el instrumento de medición evaluado es aceptable.
Revisitando el modelo de la cultura corporativa japonesa y la importancia de su comprensión en América Latina
Authors: Mandujano-Salazar Yunuen Ysela
Published: December 2020

A partir de una revisión documental y desde un enfoque cultural, este artículo revisita, luego de cuatro décadas de su popularización, los elementos principales del modelo de cultura corporativa japonesa, analizando la relación entre las prácticas organizacionales y la cultura laboral con elementos específicos de la cultura de aquella sociedad. Asimismo, desde una perspectiva cualitativa y partiendo del análisis de la política exterior, se revisarán las características de la inversión japonesa en América Latina a fin de destacar la importancia de una mutua comprensión cultural entre Japón y América Latina.
XVI. ve XVII. YÜZYILDA YAŞAMIŞ HÂDÎ MAHLASLI ŞAİRLER ÜZERİNE
Authors: SOFUOĞLU Nesrin
Published: December 2020

Mahlas, Türk Edebiyatında şairin kimliği hatta imzası gibidir. Bu ne-denle şairler mahlas seçerken kendilerini en uygun şekilde tanımlayacak olan asıl isim, soy, meslek, sosyal statü, fiziksel özellik, memleket, psikolojik durum, örnek alınan bir şahıs veya söylediği şiirle uyumlu isim ve sıfatları kullanmış-lardır. Edebiyatımızda şairler genellikle kendi çağlarında kullanılmayan mahlas-ları tercih etmişlerdir. Bazen de çeşitli sebeplerden dolayı aynı mahlası kullanan şairlere rastlamak mümkündür. Ancak bu durum zamanla şairlerin ve şiirleri-nin birbirine karışmasına neden olmuştur. Çünkü şairler özellikle şiirleri ve eserleriyle bilindikleri için henüz kendi çağlarında bile genellikle mahlaslarıyla tanınmışlardır. Bu nedenle çoğu zaman asıl isimleri ikinci planda kalmış hatta zamanla unutulmuştur. “Hâdî” mahlası da bunlardan biridir. Özellikle XVI. ve XVII. yüzyılda Hâdî mahlasını kullanan şairlerin diğer yüzyıllara oranla oldukça fazla olduğunu fark ettik. Aynı yüzyılda aynı mahlası kullanan bu şairlerin bir-birine karıştırıldığını, haklarında yanlış bilgi verildiğini gördük. Bu nedenle öncelikle XVI. ve XVII. yüzyılda yaşamış Hâdî mahlaslı şairleri ve eserlerini tanıtmaya çalıştık.
KUR’ÂN’IN ANLAŞILMASINDA HANEFÎ-MÂTÜRÎDÎ ÇİZGİNİN YENİDEN İNŞÂSINA DAİR
Authors: ERSÖZ Resul
Published: December 2020

Mâtürîdiyye, Mâverâünnehir bölgesinde yaşayan Ebû Mansûr el-Mâtürîdî’nin görüşleri etrafında teşekkül eden bir kelâm mezhebidir. Hanefî-Mâtürîdî çizgi denmesinin sebebi, mezhebin usûl ve temel görüşlerinin Ebû Hanîfe tarafın-dan ortaya konması; İmam Mâtürîdî tarafından benimsenmesi, geliştirilip güncelleştirilmesi ve sistematize edilmesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Ebû Hanîfe, -re’yci karakteriyle- fıkhî konularda olduğu kadar itikâdî-kelâmî konularda da görüş bildiren istisna âlimlerden biridir. İmam Mâtürîdî, Ebû Hanîfe çizgisin-de akıl-vahiy dengesini esas alarak İslâm dininin ana ilkelerini din-şeriat ayrımı bağlamında aklî açıklamalarla temellendirmeye çalışan bir usûl benimsemiştir. Nasları, hukuk felsefesi, din sosyolojisi ve makâsıd bağlamında yeniden oku-nup yorumlanmasına tekabül eden Hanefî-Mâtürîdî usûl, çağımız meselelerinin çözümünde elverişli bir sistem konumundadır yani, çağımızda olayları sebep-sonuç ilişkisi bağlamında değerlendiren niçin, neden ve nasıl sorgulaması yapan modern insanın ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilecek potansiyele sahiptir. Mâtürîdî sistemi diğer kelâm sistemleri karşısında özgün kılan husus, tefsirde rivâyet metoduna ek olarak dirayet metodunun kullanılması; tefsire, tefsir-te’vil ayrımı, akıl-vahiy dengesi, sünnet, icmâ ve içtihat ile nesih gibi alanların eklenmesidir. Aklın müstakil bir bilgi kaynağı olması, keşf ve ilhamın bilgi kaynağı olarak kabul edilmemesi, iman-amel ayrımı ve değişen şartlara göre şeriatın da değişebileceği gibi hususlar söz konusu sistemin diğer özgünlük noktalarıdır. Makalemizin amacı, Kur’ân’ın Mâtürîdî sistem çerçevesinde yeniden okunarak gerek itikâdî ve gerekse amelî güncel meselelerin çözümüne dikkat çekmektir.
Anadolu Selçuklu Dönemi Mimari Süslemelerinin Çözümlenmesine Yönelik Yeni Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: ÖZGÜR YILDIZ Şenay , SHAHBAZZADEH Evren Fulya
Published: December 2020

Anadolu topraklarında Türk-İslâm sanatlarının görsel belgeleri sayılabilecek pek çok mimari eser bulunmaktadır. Bu eserlerin motif ve kompozisyonları Türk kültürünün ve İslâm inancının harmanlanmış birer yansıması olmuştur. İslâm tasavvufundaki “Vahdet” inancı, ilim, bilim ve sanatta her daim var olmuş, Türkler’in İslamiyet’i kabul edişi ve tasavvufla tanışmaları Türk-İslâm sanat anlayışını özgün bir üsluba kavuşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada ulaşılan bu özgün üslubun bir parçası olan yazıdan yola çıkarak, Anadolu Selçuklu Döneminde mimari süslemelerde yer alan kompozisyonların içerisindeki Kûfi harf motiflerini tespit ederek, bunlara dair değerlendirme ve incelemelerde bulunduk. Bu harfler yazı şeritlerinin dışında, Anadolu Selçuklu mimari süslemelerinde birer motif olarak yer almaktadır. Çalışmamızın konusu olan mimari süslemelerdeki kufi harfler, Anadolu Selçuklu Dönemi sanat anlayışının özgünlüğünü ve kompozisyon gelişimini gözler önüne sermektedir. Biz bu çalışma ile Kûfi harflerin birer yazı elemanı olmaları dışında, mimari bir süslemenin kompozisyon bütünlüğü içerisinde görülebilir hale gelmesini ve Türk-İslâm sanatları konusunda yapılan araştırmalarda daha kapsamlı bir bakış açısına ulaşılabilmesini hedefledik.
Cultural Identity Formation: A Personal Narrative
Authors: Carbajal Jose
Published: December 2020

This paper provides personal experiences and perceptions of being a minoritized individual. This is the story of a professional social worker learning to adapt to social norms and expectations of self. He discusses the struggles he experienced as an adolescent and as a young adult attending college. Through this narrative, the role of faith and social work intersect, especially as a professional social worker. It is at this intersection that this social worker learns to live a holistic life without feeling discriminated against or ashamed of his identity. He begins to actualize a reality with imperfect beings who also struggle to maintain their identity as well. Thus, in this paper, the author provides a snapshot of his development as a minority in the United States.
Persona and Rebellion in Trickster Narratives. Case Study: Fleabag (BBC 2016-2019)
Authors: Bassil-Morozow Helena
Published: December 2020

This paper brings together the concept of persona and the figure of the trickster to examine the dynamic between social norms and creative noncompliance, between the social mask and human authenticity, in moving image narratives. In particular, it looks at the female trickster challenging the female persona in recent television shows, primarily BBC’s Fleabag (2016-2019), using the previously outlined framework of trickster attributes (Bassil-Morozow 2012; Bassil-Morozow 2015).

The concept of persona is examined using a combination of Erving Goffman’s presentation of self theory and Jung’s persona concept. It is argued that the female persona – the artificial vision of socially acceptable femininity – is a particularly rigid psycho-social structure, comprising repressive and unrealistic expectations for women’s looks, bodies, and conduct in public situations. Using the nameless protagonist of Fleabag as a case study, the paper shows how the female trickster can challenge these prescribed attributes and expectations while defying the individual-controlling techniques: shame, social embarrassment, social rejection and ostracism.
DIAGNÓSTICO DO USO E COBERTURA DA TERRA NOS RESERVATÓRIOS PÚBLICOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE PAU DOS FERROS, RN, BRASIL
Authors: Bezerra Júnior Aluizio , Alves Agassiel Medeiros
Published: December 2020

Objetivo da pesquisa é classificar, mensurar e mapear as dimensões espaciais das classes de uso e cobertura da terra nos reservatórios públicos 25 de Março e Dr. Pedro Diógenes Fernandes, ambos pertencente ao município de Pau dos Ferros, estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Para os procedimentos metodológicos, utilizou-se as técnicas de sensoriamento remoto (SIG Qgis versão Lyon 2.12.3), das imagens de média resolução espacial do satélite SENTINEL 2, sensor MSI (Multispectral Instrument), acompanhado pela chave de interpretação. Os resultados mostrou que há possibilidade de uso sustentável, uma vez que a exploração e conservação permanece em equilíbrio, assim sendo, está pesquisa pode subsidiar à conservação do uso dos recursos naturais no entorno dos reservatórios.
DIVERSIDADE FLORISTICA E ESTRUTURAL DE QUINTAIS AGROFLORESTAIS (QAs) DE UMA ÁREA DE CERRADO, NORTE DA AMAZONIA
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi, Souza Priscila Bezerra , Aguiar Bruno Aurélio Campos ,   Universidade de Brasília | Faculdade de Tecnologia | Dept. de Engenharia Florestal Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Lopes Valéria Cardoso ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi, Fonseca Ana Clara Carneiro ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi.
Published: December 2020

The (QAs) promote sustainability for millions of people worldwide, however, research in the area and in the northern states of the country are considered deficient or scarce. Therefore, the objective was to study the floristic and phytosociology of (QAs) in an area of Cerrado in the state of Tocantins. The survey was carried out in four (QAs) in the Mariana resettlement, located between the municipalities of Palmas and Porto Nacional, Tocantins. Three plots of 20x30m were installed in each (QAs), making a total of 0.72ha of sample area, being sampled all individuals with breast height circumference 1.30 cm from the ground (CAP) ≥ 10cm. The average height of vegetation in QA1 was 4.79m and the total basal area was 120.17m² /ha, in QA2 the average height was 5.14m with a total basal area of 18.49m² / ha, in QA3 the average height was of 3.66m and total basal area of 27.42m² / ha, in QA4 the average height was 5.54m with a total basal area of 33.98m² / ha. The ten most important species in the backyards together accounted for 44.26% (IVI), with emphasis on: Malpighia glabra, Psidium guajava and Mangifera indica that reached prominent positions in more than one (QAs). The ten most important families together accounted for 67.63%of the total IVI for all QAs, with Arecaceae, Anacardiaceae and Fabaceae standing out with the largest (IVI) for all (QAs) evaluated. The awareness about these QAs may assist in their valuation, in addition to providing scientific information for the maintenance of cultural identity, in addition to contributing to the conservation of local biodiversity.
“…we were like tourists in the theatre, the interns assisted almost all procedures…” Challenges facing the Assistant Medical Officers training for the performance of Caesarean section delivery in Tanzania
Authors: Sirili Nathanael , Anaeli Amani , Mselle Lilian , Nyongole Obadia Venance , Massawe Siriel
Published: December 2020

Background: Training of mid-level providers is a task-sharing strategy that has gained popularity in the recent past for addressing the critical shortage of the health workforce. In Tanzania, training of mid-level providers has existed for over five decades, however, concerns are upon the quality of the mid-level cadres amidst the growing number of medical universities. This study sought to explore the challenges facing the Assistant Medical Officers training for the performance of Caesarean section delivery in Tanzania Methods: An exploratory qualitative case study was carried out in four regions to include one rural district in each of the selected regions and two AMOs Training Colleges in Tanzania. A semi-structured interview guide was used to interview 29 Key informants from the district hospitals, district management, regional management, AMOs training college, and one retired AMO. Also, four focus group discussions were conducted with 35 AMO trainees.Results: Training of AMOs in Tanzania faces many challenges. The challenges include; use of outdated and static curriculum, inadequate tutors (lack of teaching skills and experience of teaching adults), Inadequate teaching infrastructure in the existence of many other trainees to include interns, and limited or lack of scholarships and sponsorship for the AMO trainees. Conclusions: The findings of this study underscore that the challenges facing AMO training for the performance of Caesarean section delivery have the potentials to negatively impact the quality of Caesarean section performed by this cadre. A holistic approach is needed in addressing these challenges. The solutions should focus on reviewing the curriculum, deploy qualified tutors, and improving the competencies of the available tutors through continuing medical education programmes. Furthermore, the government in collaboration with other stakeholders should work together to address the challenges on teaching infrastructure and financial support to this cadre that has continued to be the backbone of the primary health care in Tanzania. Long term solution should consider to deploy the medical officers at the primary facilities and phase out the performance of Caesarean section by the AMOs.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 by Real-Time PCR under challenging pre-analytical conditions reveals independence of swab media and cooling chain
Authors: Summer Sabrina , Schmidt Ralf , Herdina Anna Nele , Krickl Isabella , Madner Julia , Greiner Georg , Mayer Florian , Perkmann-Nagele Nicole , Strassl Robert
Published: December 2020

With global demand for SARS-CoV-2 testing ever rising, shortages in commercially available viral transport media pose a serious problem for laboratories and health care providers. For reliable diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, executed by Real-time PCR, the quality of respiratory specimens, predominantly determined by transport and storage conditions, is crucial. Therefore, our aim was to explore the reliability of minimal transport media, comprising saline and the CDC recommended Viral Transport Media (HBSS VTM), for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses (influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus and human metapneumovirus) compared to commercial products, such as the Universal Transport Media (UTM). We question the assumptions, that the choice of medium and temperature for storage and transport affect the accuracy of viral detection by RT-PCR. Both alternatives to the commercial transport medium (UTM), namely the CDC viral transport media (HBSS VTM) and saline, allow adequate detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, regardless of the storage temperature and time. Our study revealed the high resilience of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, enabling proper detection in clinical specimens even after long-time storage at high temperatures, independent of the transport medium’s composition.
A Bayesian Semi-Parametric Model for Thermal Proteome Profiling
Authors: Fang Siqi , Kirk Paul , Bantscheff Marcus , Lilley Kathryn , Crook Oliver
Published: December 2020

The thermal stability of proteins can be altered when they interact with small molecules. Thus monitoring the thermal stability of proteins under various cellular perturbations can provide insights into protein function, as well as potentially determine drug targets and off-targets. Thermal proteome profiling is a multiplexed mass-spectrommetry method for monitoring the melting behaviour of thousands of proteins in a single experiment. In essence, thermal proteome profiling assumes that proteins denature upon heating and hence become insoluble. Thus, by tracking the relative solubility of proteins at sequentially increasing temperatures, one can report on protein thermal stability. Standard thermodynamics predicts a sigmoidal relationship between temperature and relative solubility and this is the basis of current statistical procedures. However, current methods do not model deviations from this behaviour and they do not quantify uncertainty in the melting profiles. To overcome these challenges, we propose Bayesian functional data analysis tools which allow complex temperature-solubility behaviours. Our methods have improved sensitivity over the state-of-the art, identify new drug-protein associations and have less restrictive assumptions than current approaches. Our methods allows for comprehensive analysis of proteins that deviate from the predicted sigmoid behaviour and we uncover potentially biphasic phenomena with a series of published datasets.
Posterior superior alveolar nerves contribute to sensation in the anterior teeth
Authors: Makishi Sanako , Tanaka Mikako , Kobayashi Taichi , Tanaka Ray , Hayashi Takafumi , Ohshima Hayato
Published: December 2020

There is no available data on the occurrence rate of a converged alveolar canal, the detailed three-dimensional (3D) courses of alveolar canals/grooves (ACGs), or the contribution of each superior alveolar nerve to each area in the maxilla. This study aimed to clarify the 3D courses of ACGs, the relationship between ACGs and superior alveolar nerves, and the contribution of posterior superior alveolar nerves (PSANs) using computed tomography (CT) with histological analysis. During the gross anatomy course at Niigata University, we investigated nine human cadavers. All anterior and posterior ACGs converged into the common alveolar canal, which contained blood vessels and several nerve bundles surrounded by perineurium, located at the nasal floor near the pyriform aperture. Histometrical analysis clarified that 16.3% of the nerve bundles in this canal were derived from PSANs, and 67% of the bundles were dispersed while they coursed down to the nasal floor. There seems to be no relationship between the density of nerve bundles in the canal and the number of remaining anterior teeth. Data obtained from observing the detailed 3D courses of anterior and posterior ACGs, and their relationship with superior alveolar nerves, suggests that PSANs partially contribute to the nociception of the anterior teeth.
Initiation of Hepatitis C treatment in two rural Rwandan districts: A mobile clinic approach
Authors: Kamali Innocent , Barnhart Dale , Nyirahabihirwe Francoise , Gakuru Jean de la Paix , Uwase Mariam , Nizeyumuremyi Esdras , Walker Stephen , Mazimpaka Christian , Gatete Jean de Dieu , Makuza Jean Damascene , Serumondo Janvier , Kateera Frederick , Ndahimana Jean d’Amour
Published: December 2020

Background: To eliminate hepatitis C, Rwanda is conducting national mass screenings and providing hepatitis C patients with free access to Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs). Until 2020, all prescribers trained and authorized to initiate DAA treatment were based at District Hospitals, and access to DAAs remains expensive and geographically difficult for rural patients. We designed and implemented a mobile hepatitis clinic to provide DAA treatment initiation at primary-level health facilities among hepatitis C patients identified through mass screening campaigns in rural Kirehe and Kayonza districts. Methods: The mobile clinic team was composed of one clinician trained and authorized to manage hepatitis, one lab technician, and one driver. Eligible patients received same-day clinical consultations, counselling, laboratory tests and DAA initiation. Using clinical databases, registers, and program records, we compared the number of patients who initiated DAA treatment before and during the mobile clinic campaign. We assessed linkage to care during the mobile clinical campaign and assessed predictors of linkage to care. We also estimated the cost per patient of providing mobile services and the reduction in out-of-pocket costs associated with accessing DAA treatment through the mobile clinic rather than the standard of care.Results: Prior to the mobile clinic, only 408 patients in Kirehe and Kayonza had been initiated on DAAs over a 25-month period. Between November 2019 and January 2020, out of 661 eligible patients with chronic hepatitis C, 429 (64.9%) were linked to care through the mobile clinic. Having a telephone number and complete address recorded at screening were strongly associated with linkage to care. The cost per patient of the mobile clinic program was 29.36 USD, excluding government-provided DAAs. Providing patients with same-day laboratory tests and clinical consultation at primary-level health facilities reduced out-of-pocket expenses by 9.88 USD. Conclusion: The mobile clinic model was a feasible strategy for providing rapid treatment initiation among hepatitis C patients identified through a mass screening campaign. Compared to the standard of care, mobile clinics reached more patients in a much shorter time. This low-cost strategy also reduced out-of-pocket expenditures among patients. However, long-term, sustainable care would require decentralization to the primary health-center level.
Age and Multimorbidities as Poor Prognostic Factors for COVID-19 in Hemodialysis: a Lebanese National Study
Authors: Aoun Mabel , Khalil Rabab , Mahfoud Walid , Fatfat Haytham , Khalil Line Bou , Alameddine Rashad , Afiouni Nabil , Ibrahim Issam , Hassan Mohamad , Zarzour Haytham , Jebai Ali , Khalil Nina Mourad , Tawil Luay , Mechref Zeina , Imad Zuhair El , Chamma Fadia , Khalil Ayman , Zeidan Sandy , Ghoul Balsam El , Dahdah Georges , Mouawad Sarah , Azar Hiba , Chahine Kamal Abou , Kallab Siba , Moawad Bashir , Fawaz Ahmad , Homsi Joseph , Tabaja Carmen , Delbany Maya , Kallab Rami , Hoballah Hassan , Haykal Wahib , Fares Najat , Rahal Walid , Mroueh Wael , Youssef Mohamad , Rizkallah Jamale , Sebaaly Ziad , Dfouni Antoine , Ghosn Norma , Nawfal Nagi , Jaoude Walid Abou , Bassil Nadine , Maroun Therese , Bassil Nabil , Beaini Chadia , Haddad Boutros , Moubarak Elie , Rabah Houssam , Attieh Amer , Finianos Serge , Chelala Dania
Published: December 2020

BackgroundHemodialysis patients with COVID-19 have been reported to be at higher risk for death than the general population. Several prognostic factors have been identified in the studies from Asian, European or American countries. This is the first national Lebanese study assessing the factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 mortality in hemodialysis patients.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study that included all chronic hemodialysis patients in Lebanon who were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from 31st March to 1st November 2020. Data on demographics, comorbidities, admission to hospital and outcome were collected retrospectively from the patients' medical records. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to assess risk factors for mortality.ResultsA total of 231 patients were included. Mean age was 61.46 ± 13.99 years with a sex ratio of 128 males to 103 females. Around half of the patients were diabetics, 79.2% presented with fever. A total of 115 patients were admitted to the hospital, 59% of them within the first day of diagnosis. Hypoxia was the major reason for hospitalization. Death rate was 23.8% after a median duration of 6 (IQR, 2 to 10) days. Adjusted regression analysis showed a higher risk for death among older patients (odds ratio=1.038; 95% confidence interval: 1.013, 1.065), patients with heart failure (odds ratio=4.42; 95% confidence interval: 2.06, 9.49), coronary artery disease (odds ratio=3.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.69, 6.30), multimorbidities (odds ratio=1.593; 95% confidence interval: 1.247, 2.036), fever (odds ratio=6.66; 95% confidence interval: 1.94, 27.81), CRP above 100 mg/L (odds ratio=4.76; 95% confidence interval: 1.48, 15.30), and pneumonia (odds ratio=19.18; 95% confidence interval: 6.47, 56.83).ConclusionsThis national study identified older age, coronary artery disease, heart failure, multimorbidities, fever and pneumonia as risk factors for death in patients with COVID-19 on chronic hemodialysis. The death rate was comparable to other countries and estimated at 23.8%.
Micro size exclusion chromatography combined with a multiplex protein profiling method for extracellular vesicle protein detection from small sample volumes
Authors: Sun Li , Meckes David
Published: December 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small nanometer-sized membrane sacs secreted into biological fluids by all cells. EVs encapsulate proteins, RNAs and metabolites from its origin cell and play important roles in intercellular communication events. Over the past decade, EVs have become a new emerging source for cancer diagnostics. One of the challenges in the study of EVs and there utility as diagnostic biomarkers is the amount of EVs needed for traditional protein analysis methods. Here, we present a new immuno-PCR method that takes advantage of commercially available TotalSeq™ antibodies containing DNA conjugated oligos to identify immobilized protein analysts using real-time qPCR. Using this method, we demonstrate that multiple EV surface proteins can be profiled simultaneously with high sensitivity and specificity. This approach was also successfully applied to similar protocol using live cell and serum samples. We further described the development of a micro-size exclusion chromatography method, where we were able to detect EV surface proteins with as little as 10 μL of human serum when combined with immuno-PCR. Overall, these results show that the immuno-PCR method results in rapid detection of multiple EV markers from small sample volumes in a single tube.