bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Anastomotic Coupling Device versus Hand-sewn Venous Anastomosis in Head and Neck Reconstruction—An Analysis of 1694 Venous Anastomoses
Authors: Arora Rajan , Mishra Kripa Shanker , Bhoye Hemant T. , Dewan Ajay Kumar , Singh Ravi K. , Naalla Ravikiran
Published: July 2021

Background There is a steep learning curve to attain a consistently good result in microvascular surgery. The venous anastomosis is a critical step in free-tissue transfer. The margin of error is less and the outcome depends on the surgeon’s skill and technique. Mechanical anastomotic coupling device (MACD) has been proven to be an effective alternative to hand-sewn (HS) technique for venous anastomosis, as it requires lesser skill. However, its feasibility of application in emerging economy countries is yet to be established.

Material and Method We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent free-tissue transfer for head and neck reconstruction between July 2015 and October 2020. Based on the technique used for the venous anastomosis, the patients were divided into an HS technique and MACD group. Patient characteristics and outcomes were measured.

Result A total of 1694 venous anastomoses were performed during the study period. There were 966 patients in the HS technique group and 719 in the MACD group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, sex, prior radiotherapy, prior surgery, and comorbidities. Venous thrombosis was noted in 62 (6.4%) patients in the HS technique group and 7 (0.97%) in the MACD group (p = 0.000). The mean time taken for venous anastomosis in the HS group was 17 ± 4 minutes, and in the MACD group, it was 5 ± 2 minutes (p = 0.0001). Twenty-five (2.56%) patients in the HS group and 4 (0.55%) patients in MACD group had flap loss (p = 0.001).

Conclusion MACD is an effective alternative for HS technique for venous anastomosis. There is a significant reduction in anastomosis time, flap loss, and return to operation theater due to venous thrombosis. MACD reduces the surgeon’s strain, especially in a high-volume center. Prospective randomized studies including economic analysis are required to prove the cost-effectiveness of coupler devices.
Hip Fractures in Malta: Are we Missing an Opportunity?
Authors: Bugeja Mark , Curmi Arthur , Desira Daniel , Bologna Gregory Apap , Galea Francesco , Esposito Ivan
Published: July 2021

Introduction Osteoporosis is a bone disease that is both preventable and treatable. It usually becomes evident when a fragility fracture occurs. Unfortunately, most studies show that only a small percentage of individuals at increased risk of fracture are assessed and treated, even following a fragility fracture.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether patients suffering from a low-energy hip fractures in the Maltese Islands are given osteoporosis treatment.

Method All patients older than 50 years presenting to the acute care hospitals in Malta and Gozo with a fragility hip fracture during December 1, 2015 and November 30, 2016 were included. Data on mortality, other fragility fractures, prescription of calcium, vitamin D, and antiresorptive therapy were collected.

Results Calcium with vitamin D supplements were prescribed to 40% of patients; however, only 2.64% of patients were given pharmacological therapy. Following a hip fracture, the mortality rate was 18.5% at 1 year and 26.21% at 2 years. Apart from a high mortality rate, 28.19% of individuals sustained another fragility fracture before or after the hip fracture.

Conclusion There should be increased osteoporosis awareness in Malta and a national bone mineral density screening program should be set up. An active role of the orthogeriatrics team in the management and treatment of osteoporosis following a fragility fracture might improve treatment rate and decrease refracture and mortality rates.
Flap Selection Algorithm Based on the Body Mass Index for Phalloplasty in Female-to-Male Transgender: Techniques and Outcomes
Authors: Watanabe Toshiyuki , Namba Yuzaburo , Kimata Yoshihiro
Published: July 2021

Background Various phalloplasty methods have been reported; however, a consensus has not been reached. Therefore, we suggest an alternative algorithm for an ideal phalloplasty considering the factors that affect flap selection.

Methods We retrospectively examined 32 phalloplasty cases of female-to-male transgender. Flaps used for phalloplasty were classified into three groups as follows: (1) radial forearm (RF) group, (2) anterolateral thigh (ALT) group, and (3) flap combination (FC) group. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the significance of age and body mass index (BMI) as well as differences in the rates of postoperative complication, reoperation, esthetic acceptability, tactile or erogenous sensibility, and the ability to urinate while standing.

Results Ten cases were included in the RF group and 7 and 15 cases in the ALT and FC groups, respectively. With respect to BMI, the RF group (mean [standard deviation (SD)] = 25.9 [3.3]) showed significantly higher BMI than the ALT (21.7 [0.9]) or FC group (22.2 [4.5]). The RF (mean [SD] = 3.7 [0.4]) and ALT groups (3.5 [0.9]) had significantly higher esthetic acceptability evaluation scores (from 1 to 4) than the FC group (2.5 [1.2]). Moreover, the RF and ALT groups were superior than the FC group in terms of tactile or erogenous sensibility rates.

Conclusion BMI effected flap choices for phalloplasty because of the correlation between BMI and skin thickness. FC becomes an option between ALT flap and RF flap in terms of flap choice based on BMI. Our alternative algorithm for an ideal phalloplasty based on BMI will be useful for objective flap choices.
Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Childhood Brucellosis in Turkish Children
Authors: Kaman Ayse , Öz Fatma Nur , Sahin Gülseren , Metin Akcan Özge
Published: July 2021

Objective The vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphisms and the risk of various infections have been studied. An association with brucellosis and vitamin D levels has been investigated but not yet with VDR gene polymorphisms. We aimed to examine the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to childhood brucellosis.

Methods This case–control study included patients with brucellosis and healthy controls. After extracting genomic DNA using a Qiagen blood DNA isolation kit, five VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including Cdx-2, FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI gene, were amplified. Genetic distribution of these SNPs of VDR gene in patient and control groups were compared.

Results A total of 38 patients with brucellosis and 89 healthy controls were evaluated. The genotype distribution of Cdx2, FokI, BsmI, and ApaI polymorphisms were similar between patients and healthy controls. However, the CC homozygous genotype for VDR gene TaqI was significantly overexpressed in patients compared with controls (23.7 vs. 7.9%; p = 0.042). The frequency of the C allele of the TaqI genotype was significantly different between patients and controls (p = 0.018). On the other hand, presence of the A allele in the BsmI was associated considerably with an increased risk of brucellosis (p = 0.037). VDR polymorphism distribution was similar according to age, presence of complicated disease, and presence of bacteremia. The heterozygote TaqI polymorphism was more common in patients presented as subacute and chronic symptoms (p = 0.036).

Conclusion Our results indicated the possible role in TaqI polymorphism of the VDR gene for the risk of brucellosis at the time of exposure to infection.
Acetabular Protrusion in a Cohort of Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta Evaluated in a Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Ramos-Mejía Rosario , Monterroza-Quintana Francisco , Primomo Claudio , Goyeneche Rodolfo , Fano Virginia
Published: July 2021

Acetabular protrusion (AP) is present in 33 to 55% of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Even though the finding is relatively common, it is poorly described in pediatric patients. The objective of this study was to describe the incidence and associations of AP in pediatric OI patients. We retrospectively and cross-sectionally evaluated clinical histories and radiographic findings of OI patients aged 2 to 19.5 years, recording sex, age, severity, anthropometric measurements, ambulation status, femoral fractures history, and occurrence of orthopaedic surgeries and nephropathy. AP was considered present when the center-edge (CE) angle was more than 35 degrees and the acetabular line crossed the Kohler's line by more than 1 and 3 mm in boys and girls, respectively, and 3 and 6 mm in adult males and females, respectively. The association with risk factors and complications was analyzed through univariate and multivariate logistic regression. A total of 71 children were evaluated. The median age was 8.6 years, and 54.9% of them had moderate to severe forms of OI. In 71.8% of the children, an abnormal CE angle was found, being frequent in mild, moderate, and severe cases. AP was present in 22.5% of all patients and in 41% of children with moderate to severe OI, and was significantly associated with older ages (p = 0.0062) and nonwalking status (p = 0.0093). We found a high prevalence of AP in children with moderate to severe forms of OI, which was present even at younger ages. In addition, we found a significant increase in the number of children with abnormal CE angles even in those with mild forms of OI. The presence of AP was associated with the severity of the OI and age, and in a negative association with the ambulatory status.
Direct prediction of electrical properties of grain boundaries from photoluminescence profiles using machine learning
Authors: Kutsukake Kentaro , Mitamura Kazuki , Usami Noritaka , Kojima Takuto
Published: July 2021

We present a machine learning model to directly predict the carrier recombination velocity, vGB, at the grain boundary (GB) from the measured photoluminescence (PL) intensity profile by training it with numerical simulation results. As the training dataset, 1800 PL profiles were calculated with a combination of random values of four material properties—vGB, the GB inclination angle, and the carrier diffusion lengths in the grains on both sides of the GB. In addition, the measured noise was modeled artificially and applied to the simulated profiles. A neural network was constructed with the inputs of the PL profile and the outputs of the four properties. This served as the solver of the reverse problem of the computational simulation. The coefficient of determination and the root mean squared error of vlog, which is the common logarithm of vGB, for the test dataset were 0.97 and 0.245, respectively. This prediction error was sufficiently low for the practical estimation of vGB. Moreover, the calculation time was reduced by a factor of 198 000 compared to conventional numerical optimization of repeating the computational simulations. By utilizing this fast prediction method, continuous evaluation of vGB along a GB was demonstrated. The finding is expected to advance scientific investigation of the electrical properties of local defects.
A general method for computing thermal magnetic noise arising from thin conducting objects
Authors: Iivanainen Joonas , Mäkinen Antti J. , Zetter Rasmus , Zevenhoven Koos C. J. , Ilmoniemi Risto J. , Parkkonen Lauri
Published: July 2021

Thermal motion of charge carriers in a conducting object causes magnetic field noise that may interfere with sensitive measurements near the object. In this paper, we describe a method to compute the spectral properties of the thermal magnetic noise from arbitrarily shaped thin conducting objects. The method is based on modeling divergence-free currents on a conducting surface using a stream function and calculating the magnetically independent noise-current modes. By doing this, we obtain the power spectral density of the thermal magnetic noise as well as its spatial correlations and frequency dependence. We also describe a numerical implementation of the method and verify it against analytic formulas. We provide the implementation as a part of the free and open-source software package bfieldtools.
Spatially resolved x-ray detection with photonic crystal scintillators
Authors: Yasar F. , Kilin M. , Dehdashti S. , Yu Z. , Ma Z. , Wang Z.
Published: July 2021

We study the self-collimation phenomenon in photonic crystals (PhC) of wide bandgap materials for ultra-fast and high spatial resolution x-ray detection. We work on various heavy inorganic scintillators: BaF2, GaN, ZnO, CsI:Tl, NaI:Tl, LYSO, WO4 compounds, and plastic scintillators. Conventional scintillator detectors do not rely on a direct detection mechanism; hence, they require intricate design and fabrication processes. We offer a PhC design to observe self-collimation phenomena and overcome the ongoing spatial resolution challenges with these types of materials. We investigate the photonic band diagrams and iso-frequency contours. Fourier transforms based on finite-difference time-domain and frequency domain simulations are done for verifying and analyzing the self-collimation with the selected material. Light extraction efficiency at the PhC–air interface, depending on the truncation distance from the excitation point, is measured. Beam divergence values are calculated at 1 mm propagation distance. The vertical field profiles are obtained to observe the confinement. For the spatial resolution analysis, cross-sectional beam profiles have been examined. Gaussian envelopes are fitted to beam profiles for a consistent data analysis, and full-width-at-half-maximum values are considered. As a result, we theoretically prove and demonstrate the spatially resolved x-ray detection at the sub-micrometer level for a wide range of scintillator materials.
A surface dielectric barrier discharge non-thermal plasma to induce cell death in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Nupangtha Wasin , Kuensaen Chakkrapong , Ngamjarurojana Athipong , Chomdej Siriwadee , Boonyawan Dheerawan
Published: July 2021

A novel coaxial surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma device, driven by a 35.7-kHz DC pulse and adjustable by a pulse-width modulation, was developed in this study and preliminarily tested for its killing effects of a cancer cell type. This study was divided into three phases, namely, air phase, liquid phase, and cell phase. First, the electrical characteristics and emissions were examined. Two-beam UV-LED absorption spectroscopy was also newly developed to measure the absolute hydroxyl radical (OH⋅) density in the filamentary discharge. Then, the effects of energy doses and treatment durations on three types of liquids and on the colorectal adenocarcinoma cell, SW620, were examined. From Lissajous figures (Q–V plot), the developed SDBD possesses the maximum power density and energy dose of 0.33 ± 0.05 W/cm2 and 19.5 ± 3.00 J/cm2, respectively, when the voltage was set at 3.44 kV and the power at 115 mW. From two-beam UV-LED absorption spectroscopy results, the OH⋅ density increased by 0.32, 0.58, and 0.86 × 1019 m−3, with operational powers of 29, 58, and 115 mW, respectively, within 1-min treatment. In liquid phases, the plasma device can increase the concentrations of H2O2 and NO2− in a time-dependent manner. Finally, cell-phase studies, including the examination of the cell morphology, cell viability, and gene expression of the SW620 cell, show that the device can time-dependently induce the mortality of the SW620 cell, relevant to the up-regulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio. Taken together, this novel SDBD plasma device shows potential as another alternative for cancer treatment, although further modification is required.
Experimental investigation of solute transport in variably saturated porous media using x-ray computed tomography
Authors: Zhang Chunwei , She Yun , Hu Yingxue , Li Zijing , Wang Weicen , Patmonoaji Anindityo , Suekane Tetsuya
Published: July 2021

Solute transport through variably saturated porous media is ubiquitous in multiple subsurface flows, piquing the geoscience community's interest. This study adopts a novel experimental approach using microfocus x-ray computed tomography for real-time imaging of a three-dimensional NaI tracer plume in a partially saturated packing column. A stabilized two-phase flow field is achievable through continuous co-injection of two-phase fluids: NaCl solvent and pump oil. Thus, the critical role of the NaCl saturation Sw and Péclet number on dispersion can be fully studied by controlling the NaCl fractional flow rate and the total flow rate from the Buckley–Leverett theory. Furthermore, we study solute transport behavior based on statistical moments, the dispersion coefficient, the dilution index, and the mean scalar dissipation rate. Experimental results indicate that the solute transport is Fickian for high Sw ≥ 0.34. In contrast, anomalous transport behavior is found for Sw < 0.34, where the concentration distribution is initially left-tailed and leptokurtic before reaching a well-dispersed regime. The dispersion coefficient is 2–10 times larger for partially saturated cases compared with the fully saturated case and shows a non-monotonical dependency on Sw. Finally, the analysis of the dilution index indicates that the overall mixing strength increases when Sw decreases, whereas the mean scalar dissipation rate reveals that the time scaling of transverse mixing is the largest at an intermediate Sw. The results can be used to elucidate the solute transport behavior in a two-phase system.
Intersystem crossing pathways in [5]-, [7]-, and [9]cycloparaphenylenes
Authors: Kakarlamudi Akhil Chakravarthy , Vennapusa Sivaranjana Reddy
Published: July 2021

We analyze the energetics and internal conversion dynamics of singlet and triplet manifolds to identify the possible intersystem crossing pathways in odd-numbered [n]cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs, n = 5, 7, and 9). Quantum wavepacket propagation calculations within the linear vibronic coupling framework suggest that both [5]- and [7]CPPs rapidly relax to S2 upon populating “bright” higher singlet excited states. The S2–S1 energy decreases with the increase in CPP size, and hence, [9]CPP exhibits a faster S2 → S1 internal conversion decay. Higher triplet states act as receiver states for the intersystem crossing happening either via S1 or S2. The wavepacket evolving on the receiver triplet state would decay to lower states via multiple conical intersections and reach T1. The estimated size-dependent fluorescence and emission energies are in good accord with the experiment.
Thermoelectric performance of binary lithium-based compounds: Li3Sb and Li3Bi
Authors: Peng Kunling , Zhou Zizhen , Wang Honghui , Wu Hong , Ying Jianjun , Han Guang , Lu Xu , Wang Guoyu , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Chen Xianhui
Published: July 2021

Thermoelectric transport properties of binary lithium-based compounds Li3Sb and Li3Bi are investigated. Although the present results show zTs (0.3 for Li3Sb and 0.06 for Li3Bi) are low for the p-type compounds in this family, the experimental data analysis based on the single parabolic band model assuming the dominance of acoustic phonon scattering for carriers suggests that both Li3Sb and Li3Bi process good electronic quality factor BE over 3, which gives rise to the predicted peak zT values above 0.7 and 1.2 at 800 K for Li3Sb and Li3Bi, respectively. In addition, the electronic band structure and phonon dispersion of Li3Sb are given by first principles calculation. This work offers insight into the crystal structure and transport properties of Li3Sb and Li3Bi, indicating the potential of binary lithium-based compounds as promising thermoelectrics.
Chaotic streaklines in new exact solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Bogoyavlenskij Oleg , Kipka Robert
Published: July 2021

Exact solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations with time-dependent viscosity ν(t) are constructed. The fluid velocities V(t,x) for these solutions are eigenvector fields for the operator curl. New exact solutions with ν(t)≤λ−2/t for t>t1, which describe dynamics of viscous fluid inside a ball and a spherical shell, have chaotic streaklines. For the derived solutions with ν(t)>ν1>0 or with ν(t)≥m/t, where m>λ−2 and t>t0, the length of each fluid streakline is finite and, therefore, its dynamics is not chaotic. As a consequence, it is shown that all Trkalian flows with constant viscosity ν=const are not chaotic.
Making the move to a learning healthcare system: has the pandemic brought us one step closer?
Authors: Symons Tanya , Zalcberg John , Morris Jonathan
Published: July 2021

The notion of a learning healthcare system (LHS) is gaining traction to advance the objectives of high-quality patient-centred care. Within such a system, real-world data analysis, clinical research and health service research are core activities of the health system. To support the transition to an LHS, the Australian Government is implementing the National Clinical Trials Governance Framework, which extends health service accreditation standards to the conduct of clinical trials. This initiative encourages the integration of clinical trials into clinical care and the fostering of a culture of continuous improvement. However, implementing this initiative may prove challenging if health system leaders, clinicians and patients fail to recognise the value of clinical trials as a core health system activity. In this article we describe the enduring value of clinical trials and how the COVID-19 pandemic has enhanced their value by addressing longstanding deficiencies in the way trials are conducted. We also summarise best-practice advice on the embedding of trials into routine health care to enable their integration into health system operations. What is known about this topic? Many healthcare organisations seek to transition to a learning health system. In Australia, National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards, which support the embedding of clinical trials as a core health system activity, have been implemented to catalyse the move. What does this paper add? Because there is little practical advice on how to embed clinical trials into health system operations, this paper summarises best practice. It also provides a rationale for embedding trials as a core health system activity, because the creation of a strong research culture is an important determinant of success. What are the implications for practitioners? The successful transition to an LHS would significantly advance the goals of value-based care.
Contemporary Rāhui: placing Indigenous, conservation, and sustainability sciences in community-led conservation
Authors: Fabre Pauline , Bambridge Tamatoa , Claudet Joachim , Sterling Eleanor , Mawyer Alexander
Published: July 2021

Resource sustainability requires recognising and developing pathways to integrate local and Indigenous knowledges alongside conservation and sustainability sciences within management practices and governance. However, knowledge never occurs in a vacuum, and is always mediated by the beliefs, values, or stances towards its possession or use within particular contexts. Focusing on the unprecedented renewal of a traditional practice of natural resource management in French Polynesia called rāhui, this article investigates the local conceptions, perceptions, and expectations (CPE) that mediate between community knowledges, plans, and actions, and inputs from conservation and sustainability sciences. Drawing on a multi-year ethnographic study focused on the CPE of two coastal communities around Tahiti’s Taiarapu coast, our results show the CPE that shape relationships between conservation sciences’ inputs toward decision and policy-making and community governance and management over nearshore marine resources can differ meaningfully. Moreover, we suggest that evidence of such differences that exist despite socioeconomic, cultural, or demographic similarities indicates that the specificities of local communities’ CPE around conservation and sustainability sciences should be carefully considered before and alongside any conservation or management action.
Cell membrane–camouflaged liposomes for tumor cell–selective glycans engineering and imaging in vivo
Authors: Liu Zhengwei , Wang Faming , Liu Xinping , Sang Yanjuan , Zhang Lu , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: July 2021

Significance

Cell-surface glycans are dynamic indicators reporting cell physiological state and pathological processes including occurrence and progression of disease (e.g., cancer). For precise cancer diagnosis and treatment, however, it’s difficult to selectively visualize glycans of different cancer cells or cancer subtypes. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of cancer cell membrane–camouflaged azidosugar liposomes for cancer cell–selective metabolic glycoengineering. The biomimetic liposomes inherit the cell selectivity to homotypic cancer cells. Therefore, they cannot only realize selective glycan imaging of different cancer cells and breast cancer subtypes but can also sense lung metastasis of tumors. The strategy is also applicable to the use of tumor tissue–derived cell membranes, implying the clinical prospects for personalized medicine.
Inside-out regulation of E-cadherin conformation and adhesion
Authors: Koirala Ramesh , Priest Andrew Vae , Yen Chi-Fu , Cheah Joleen S. , Pannekoek Willem-Jan , Gloerich Martijn , Yamada Soichiro , Sivasankar Sanjeevi
Published: July 2021

Significance

Cadherin cell–cell adhesion proteins play key roles in the formation and maintenance of tissues. Their adhesion is carefully regulated to orchestrate complex movement of cells. While cadherin ectodomains bind in two conformations with different adhesive properties, the mechanisms by which cells regulate the conformation (and consequently adhesion) of individual cadherins are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the association of intracellular vinculin with the cadherin cytoplasmic region regulates cadherin adhesion by switching ectodomains from a weak binding to the strongly adhesive conformation. In contrast to the prevailing view which suggests that vinculin regulates adhesion solely by remodeling the cytoskeleton, we show that vinculin can directly modulate single cadherin ectodomain conformation and this process is mediated by changes in cytoskeletal tension.
Blurred lines
Authors: López Maestre María D.
Published: July 2021

Las canciones son un área de especial interés para el estudio de las ideologías de género. La música no es sexista, pero sus letras sí pueden presentar contenidos que resultan problemáticos desde la perspectiva de género. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis crítico del discurso feminista de la canciónBlurred Lines(2013) interpretada por R. Thicke, haciendo especial hincapié en el estudio de las metáforas conceptuales tal y como se manifiestan en su estructura lingüística. Se trata de una canción que ha cosechado un innegable éxito a nivel social, pero que también ha sido objeto de controversia y críticas negativas. El análisis llevado a cabo nos ha permitido mostrar cómo esta canción transmite valores que pueden contribuir a consolidar y perpetuar ideologías que promueven la desigualdad entre hombres y mujeres y el sexismo.
Incidental vocabulary learning and retention of EFL learners
Authors: Cancino Marco
Published: July 2021

Research addressing the effect of interest on learning has been thoroughly discussed in learning theory (Renninger et al., 2014). From this rich research field, topic interest has
been put forward as a relevant variable in learning in general (Hidi, 2001; Renninger, 2009), and in L2 reading comprehension (Brantmeier, 2006; Eidswick, 2009). However, research focusing on the extent
of its influence on L2 incidental vocabulary learning has been scarce (Lee & Pulido,
2017). Thus, this study sought to explore the relationship between topic interest and L2 vocabulary learning by asking
55 male EFL learners at a technological university in Chile to read texts in two conditions (high topic interest and low topic
interest) and then assessing incidental learning and retention of twenty target words. Results suggest that topic interest
influenced the vocabulary gains made by learners, and that the relationship between topic interest and vocabulary learning and
retention can be mediated by dictionary look-up behaviour. Findings are discussed with a focus on the pedagogical actions that can
increase learner topic interest.
Proposal for a ‘translanguaging space’ in interpreting studies
Authors: Runcieman Alan James
Published: July 2021

There is a growing body of academic research that suggests that we are living in an increasingly superdiverse society, where multi-ethnic, multicultural and multilingual peoples cohabit on a daily basis. Superdiversity challenges any nation state’s ideological claim of being representative of only one culture and one language, and indeed, in relation to the latter, highlights the increasing phenomenon of translanguaging, both in the wider world of social interactions and in the classroom.

In this context, it is argued here that interpreter training needs to respond to superdiversity and translanguaging, as future interpreters are part of the same social world, and will undoubtedly encounter translanguaging in their future professional life. In superdiverse and translanguaging societies, source and target languages are no longer a one-to-one linguistic and cultural translation, but a far more fluid, dynamic and multiple interchange of repertoires and resources that people access in multi-varied and multi-functional ways.

In this increasingly complex scenario, languages are not seen as bounded entities, but rather as fluid and interchangeable in the situated moment, and this, it is argued, needs to be reflected in pedagogy. Moreover, translanguaging (between bi/multilinguals) has been shown to promote greater cognitive development when tackling complex issues and rationalising processes. Also, translanguaging aids social and professional identity work, as interpreter students develop their understandings of the role their future interpreter life can and need to play in their career. Drawing on my own research and the observations made on the present and future needs of interpreting studies, a ‘translanguaging space’ (Li Wei 2011) is proposed for curriculum design in interpreter training.
Assembly of γ-secretase occurs through stable dimers after exit from the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Wouters Rosanne , Michiels Christine , Sannerud Ragna , Kleizen Bertrand , Dillen Katleen , Vermeire Wendy , Ayala Abril Escamilla , Demedts David , Schekman Randy , Annaert Wim
Published: July 2021

γ-Secretase affects many physiological processes through targeting >100 substrates; malfunctioning links γ-secretase to cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. The spatiotemporal regulation of its stoichiometric assembly remains unresolved. Fractionation, biochemical assays, and imaging support prior formation of stable dimers in the ER, which, after ER exit, assemble into full complexes. In vitro ER budding shows that none of the subunits is required for the exit of others. However, knockout of any subunit leads to the accumulation of incomplete subcomplexes in COPII vesicles. Mutating a DPE motif in presenilin 1 (PSEN1) abrogates ER exit of PSEN1 and PEN-2 but not nicastrin. We explain this by the preferential sorting of PSEN1 and nicastrin through Sec24A and Sec24C/D, respectively, arguing against full assembly before ER exit. Thus, dimeric subcomplexes aided by Sec24 paralog selectivity support a stepwise assembly of γ-secretase, controlling final levels in post-Golgi compartments.
Signal strength controls the rate of polarization within CTLs during killing
Authors: Frazer Gordon L. , Gawden-Bone Christian M. , Dieckmann Nele M.G. , Asano Yukako , Griffiths Gillian M.
Published: July 2021

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are key effector cells in the immune response against viruses and cancers, killing targets with high precision. Target cell recognition by CTL triggers rapid polarization of intracellular organelles toward the synapse formed with the target cell, delivering cytolytic granules to the immune synapse. Single amino acid changes within peptides binding MHC class I (pMHCs) are sufficient to modulate the degree of killing, but exactly how this impacts the choreography of centrosome polarization and granule delivery to the target cell remains poorly characterized. Here we use 4D imaging and find that the pathways orchestrating killing within CTL are conserved irrespective of the signal strength. However, the rate of initiation along these pathways varies with signal strength. We find that increased strength of signal leads to an increased proportion of CTLs with prolonged dwell times, initial Ca2+ fluxes, centrosome docking, and granule polarization. Hence, TCR signal strength modulates the rate but not organization of effector CTL responses.
A shadow of the repulsive Rutherford scattering in the laboratory frame
Authors: Žugec Petar , Rudec Dario
Published: July 2021

The paper explores the Rutherford scattering shadow in an entire class of comoving frames—inertial frames moving along the initial projectile direction—of which the laboratory frame, where the target is initially at rest, is a representative example. The paper is a continuation of the previous work addressing the scattering shadow in the fixed-target and the center-of-mass frame. It is shown that the transition from these frames is technically quite involved, due to the scattering shadow forming at an infinite distance from an initial target position. The central procedure involves solving the 5th degree polynomial as a part of an associated extremization procedure. The shadow existence itself is subject to certain conditions, dependent on a given comoving frame. A new and unexpected phenomenon is found within a certain set of comoving frames, including the laboratory frame itself. It consists of a phase transition between an entirely smooth type of shadow and the one characterized by a formation of a sharp edge.
Direct ab initio molecular dynamics study on the reactions of multi-valence ionized states of water dimer
Authors: Takada Tomoya , Tachikawa Hiroto
Published: July 2021

We investigated the reaction of multi-valence (+2) ionization states of water dimer (H2O)2 using direct ab initio molecular dynamics method. The following multi-valence ionization states were considered. In the direct two-electron ionization state, (H2O)2 was ionized to form (H2O)2
2+ in one step; in the stepwise two-electron ionization state, (H2O)2 was first converted to (H2O)2
+ and further ionized after structural relaxation. The (H2O)2
2+ from direct ionization dissociated into two H2O+ ions, while (H2O)2
2+ in stepwise ionization generated H3O+ and OH+ ions from H3O+–OH radical-ion pairs. Additionally, we performed dynamics calculations for the excited state of (H2O)2
2+ generated through direct ionization. The excited (H2O)2
2+ ions also dissociated to form H3O+ and OH+ ions. The reaction mechanism of multi-valence ionization states of (H2O)2 is discussed on the basis of calculation results.
Magnetic proximity effect induced spin splitting in two-dimensional antimonene/Fe3GeTe2 van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Su Xiuya , Qin Helin , Yan Zhongbo , Zhong Dingyong , Guo Donghui
Published: July 2021

Recently, two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) magnetic heterostructures have attracted intensive attention since they can show remarkable properties due to the magnetic proximity effect. In this work, the spin-polarized electronic structures of antimonene/Fe3GeTe2 vdW heterostructures were investigated through the first-principles calculations. Owing to the magnetic proximity effect, the spin splitting appears at the conduction-band minimum (CBM) and the valence-band maximum (VBM) of the antimonene. A low-energy effective Hamiltonian was proposed to depict the spin splitting. It was found that the spin splitting can be modulated by means of applying an external electric field, changing interlayer distance or changing stacking configuration. The spin splitting energy at the CBM monotonously increases as the external electric field changes from –5 V/nm to 5 V/nm, while the spin splitting energy at the VBM almost remains the same. Meanwhile, as the interlayer distance increases, the spin splitting energies at the CBM and VBM both decrease. The different stacking configurations can also induce different spin splitting energies at the CBM and VBM. Our work demonstrates that the spin splitting of antimonene in this heterostructure is not singly dependent on the nearest Sb–Fe distance, which indicates that magnetic proximity effect in heterostructures may be modulated by multiple factors, such as hybridization of electronic states and the local electronic environment. The results enrich the fundamental understanding of the magnetic proximity effect in two-dimensional vdW heterostructures.
Information flow between stock markets: A Koopman decomposition approach
Authors: Sherehe Semba , Wan Huiyun , Gu Changgui , Yang Huijie
Published: July 2021

Stock markets in the world are linked by complicated and dynamical relationships into a temporal network. Extensive works have provided us with rich findings from the topological properties and their evolutionary trajectories, but the underlying dynamical mechanism is still not in order. In the present work, we proposed a technical scheme to reveal the dynamical law from the temporal network. The index records for the global stock markets form a multivariate time series. One separates the series into segments and calculates the information flows between the markets, resulting in a temporal market network representing the state and its evolution. Then the technique of the Koopman decomposition operator is adopted to find the law stored in the information flows. The results show that the stock market system has a high flexibility, i.e., it jumps easily between different states. The information flows mainly from high to low volatility stock markets. And the dynamical process of information flow is composed of many dynamic modes distribute homogenously in a wide range of periods from one month to several ten years, but there exist only nine modes dominating the macroscopic patterns.
Nearly invariant boundary entanglement in optomechanical systems*
Authors: Cui Shi-Wei , Deng Zhi-Jiao , Wu Chun-Wang , Meng Qing-Xia
Published: July 2021

In order to understand our previous numerical finding that steady-state entanglement along the instability boundary remains unchanged in a three-mode optomechanical system [Phys. Rev. A
101 023838 (2020)], we investigate in detail the boundary entanglement in a simpler two-mode optomechanical system. Studies show that both the mechanism to generate entanglement and the parameter dependence of boundary entanglement are quite similar in these two models. Therefore, the two-mode system has captured the main features in the three-mode system. With the help of analytical calculations and discussing in a much bigger parameter interval, we find that the unchanging behavior previously discovered is actually an extremely slow changing behavior of the boundary entanglement function, and most importantly, this nearly invariant boundary entanglement is a general phenomenon via parametric down conversion process in the weak dissipation regime. This is by itself interesting as threshold quantum signatures in optomechanical phonon lasers, or may have potential value in related applications based on boundary quantum properties.
First-principles study of stability of point defects and their effects on electronic properties of GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice
Authors: Feng Shan , Jiang Ming , Qiu Qi-Hang , Peng Xiang-Hua , Xiao Hai-Yan , Liu Zi-Jiang , Zu Xiao-Tao , Qiao Liang
Published: July 2021

When the GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice-based devices are used under irradiation environments, point defects may be created and ultimately deteriorate their electronic and transport properties. Thus, understanding the properties of point defects like vacancies and interstitials is essential for the successful application of semiconductor materials. In the present study, first-principles calculations are carried out to explore the stability of point defects in GaAs/Al0.5Ga0.5As superlattice and their effects on electronic properties. The results show that the interstitial defects and Frenkel pair defects are relatively difficult to form, while the antisite defects are favorably created generally. Besides, the existence of point defects generally modifies the electronic structure of GaAs/Al0.5Ga0.5As superlattice significantly, and most of the defective SL structures possess metallic characteristics. Considering the stability of point defects and carrier mobility of defective states, we propose an effective strategy that AlAs, GaAs, and AlGa antisite defects are introduced to improve the hole or electron mobility of GaAs/Al0.5Ga0.5As superlattice. The obtained results will contribute to the understanding of the radiation damage effects of the GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice, and provide a guidance for designing highly stable and durable semiconductor superlattice-based electronics and optoelectronics for extreme environment applications.
Optically-controlled resistive switching effects of CdS nanowire memtransistor*
Authors: Liu Jia-Ning , Chen Feng-Xiang , Deng Wen , Yu Xue-Ling , Wang Li-Sheng
Published: July 2021

Since it was proposed, memtransistors have been a leading candidate with powerful capabilities in the field of neural morphological networks. A memtransistor is an emerging structure combining the concepts of a memristor and a field-effect transistor with low-dimensional materials, so that both optical excitation and electrical stimuli can be used to modulate the memristive characteristics, which make it a promising multi-terminal hybrid device for synaptic structures. In this paper, a single CdS nanowire memtransistor has been constructed by the micromechanical exfoliation and alignment lithography methods. It is found that the CdS memtransistor has good non-volatile bipolar memristive characteristics, and the corresponding switching ratio is as high as 106 in the dark. While under illumination, the behavior of the CdS memtransistor is similar to that of a transistor or a memristor depending on the incident wavelengths, and the memristive switching ratio varies in the range of 10 to 105 with the increase of the incident wavelength in the visible light range. In addition, the optical power is also found to affect the memristive characteristics of the device. All of these can be attributed to the modulation of the potential barrier by abundant surface states of nanowires and the illumination influences on the carrier concentrations in nanowires.
Quantum computation and simulation with superconducting qubits*
Authors: He Kaiyong , Geng Xiao , Huang Rutian , Liu Jianshe , Chen Wei
Published: July 2021

Superconducting circuits based on Josephson junctions are regarded as one of the most promising technologies for the implementation of scalable quantum computers. This review presents the basic principles of superconducting qubits and shows the progress of quantum computing and quantum simulation based on superconducting qubits in recent years. The experimental realization of gate operations, readout, error correction codes, as well as some quantum algorithms are summarized, followed by an introduction of quantum simulation. And then some important applications in fields including condensed matter physics, quantum annealing, and quantum chemistry are discussed.
Quantifying coherence with dynamical discord*
Authors: Yang Lian-Wu , Xia Yun-Jie
Published: July 2021

Quantum coherence and discord are two kinds of manifestations of nonclassicality. By calculating the coherence and discord in the specific bipartite quantum systems, we show quantitative connections between the coherence and the discord in the bipartite quantum systems created from local systems with the help of incoherent operations. We show that the coherence bounds the dynamical discord, and under particular conditions of the initial quantum states, the coherence of single systems is equal to the dynamical discord. We extend these results to the multipartite quantum systems.
High room-temperature magnetization in Co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles promoted by vacuum annealing for different durations
Authors: Huang Wenqiang , Lin Rui , Chen Weijie , Wang Yuzhu , Zhang Hong
Published: July 2021

To clarify the contribution of oxygen vacancies to room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) in cobalt doped TiO2 (Co-TiO2), and in order to obtain the high level of magnetization suitable for spintronic devices, in this work, Co-TiO2 nanoparticles are prepared via the sol–gel route, followed by vacuum annealing for different durations, and the influence of vacuum annealing duration on the structure and room-temperature magnetism of the compounds is examined. The results reveal that with an increase in annealing duration, the concentration of oxygen vacancies rises steadily, while the saturation magnetization (M
s) shows an initial gradual increase, followed by a sharp decline, and even disappearance. The maximum M
s is as high as 1.19 emu/g, which is promising with respect to the development of spintronic devices. Further analysis reveals that oxygen vacancies, modulated by annealing duration, play a critical role in tuning room-temperature magnetism. An appropriate concentration of oxygen vacancies is beneficial in terms of promoting RTFM in Co-TiO2. However, excessive oxygen vacancies will result in a negative impact on RTFM, due to antiferromagnetic superexchange interactions originating from nearest-neighbor Co2+ ions.
Security system of Internet of Things based on Subscriber Identity Module
Authors: Ren Xiaoming , Yue Zuhui , Li Zheng
Published: July 2021

There are many security issues in the IoT field and current security solutions can’t provide high security level and cost-effectiveness at the same time. This paper expounds the IoT security service architecture based on Subscriber Identity Module(SIM) card and the key technologies of the service, including bi-directional authentication, secure data transmission and local secure storage. At the same time, it also analyses two modes of the security services, namely simple service mode and self-service mode. With the benefit of SIM, the solution can become a preferred security solution which provides a high security, low-cost, fast implementation and high cost-effective service for the IoT industry.
Effective Cold Chain Supply of Agricultural Products Logistics in China Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Shen Quanjie , Liang Yingnan
Published: July 2021

China is a big agricultural country, as well as a big country in the production, supply and consumption of agricultural products. With the increasing demand for agricultural products, the effective supply of agricultural products logistics needs to be improved. or thinks it is necessary to explore the rapid development of agricultural product logistics and Internet of things technology in China, so as to achieve the goal of maximizing the profit of agricultural product logistics. In this regard, based on the Internet of things technology, this paper discusses the problems and shortcomings of agricultural products logistics cold chain supply, and puts forward optimization suggestions, to provide theoretical reference for the improvement of effective supply mode, so as to promote the development of cold chain, and promote the development of China’s agricultural products logistics supply.