bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A View on Bley-Vroman’s Fundamental Characters of Foreign Language Learning in Indonesian High Schools
Authors: Abidah Sa'wanatul
Published: October 2019

English as a subject has  been a part of curriculum in Indonesian schools from primary to university study for several decades now. The decision of education authorities to include it as a compulsory subject in high school is based on the fact that English has played an important  role as academic language that is universally used, as well as the belief that having good English proficiency will enable Indonesian young people to face the fierce competition in global world. However, this policy does not run without challenge. Problems  in mastering the language are encountered by both teachers and students, and results of the learning are not always as expected. This is a signature of foreign language learning as elaborated by Vroman in his book (The Logical Problem of Foreign Language  Learning). This paper reviews on how the characters of language learning proposed by Vroman are seen in Indonesian classrooms at high school level where English is learned as a foreign language.Keywords: English, foreign language, Indonesian high schools.
Technique Used in Translating Balinese Tradition Terms into French
Authors: Weddha Savitri Putu
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to analyses the technique used in translating Balinese Tradition terms into French found in the Tourism Promotion Book of Bali Government Tourism Department. This book was published every year as one of the important device to promote Bali abroad especially to the French tourist. This paper is also to figure out whether there is loss and gain of information or skewing in conveying the meaning of the terms. The technique of translating from Harvey (2003) was applied to analyze the Cultural-bounded Terms and also the Theory from Nida (1974) was used as supporting theory.The findings showed that all translation technique are used in translating Balinese tradition and society terms, those are functional equivalence, formal equivalence, transcription or borrowing, and descriptive translation. Borrowing was mostly used by the translator in order to avoid skewing and to retain the SL meaning in the TL. The analysis also found that in the process of translating cultural terms, loss and gain, and skewing of information occurred   often and need more some revision to gain a better understanding about the terms.Keywords: Translation, equivalence, Balinese terms, French
Translating English-Indonesia Authentic Text Entitled OSAKA
Authors: Sanur Fransiskus
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to identify and describe the procedures of translation of  Osaka  in Garuda Magazine, the translation strategies employed, and how to find out the form and the occurrence of seven procedures of translation which proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet in 1995. Seven types of translation procedures have been identified and can be further categorized into two methods of translation, namely direct or literal translation and oblique translation. The result of dataanalysis shows that some of the procedure proposed by Vinay and Darberlnet occurs. Most of the data are translated using translation procedures, which are borrowing, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation.Keywords: direct or literal translation and oblique translation, Translation Procedures
The Procedure Applied in Translating Jargon in English Parliamentary Debating into Indonesian
Authors: Krisnawati Ni Luh Putu
Published: October 2019

At present, competition regarding English debating is a common thing. All countries are competing in the World Debating Competition either for high school or university level. The spread of this “popular culture” has made other country to adopt the English debating system and translate that system into their native language. However it cannot be denied that there are also many jargons that need to be translated into the native language without changing the meaning. This research is focused on the jargons of the English parliamentary debating and its translation into Indonesia. The aims of this study are to identify the jargons in English parliamentary debating and its equivalence in Indonesia and also to know the procedures used in translating the jargons  in English parliamentary debating into Indonesia. The theory used for this study is the theory proposed by Peter Newmark (1988) regarding the procedure of translation. The findings shows that they are five procedure of translation used in translating the jargons of English parliamentary debating into Indonesia namely literal translation, functional equivalent, couplets, transference, and naturalization.Keywords: translation, English parliamentary debating, translation procedure
DESIGNING AND BUILDING EXERCISE MODEL OF TECHNICAL ENGLISH VOCABULARIES USING CALL (COMPUTER ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING)
Authors: Widiawati Yogi
Published: October 2019

The research is aimed to assist and facilitate the students of Electrical and Electronics Department of Politeknik Negeri Jakarta (State Polytechnics of Jakarta), Indonesia, in learning technical English vocabulary. As technical students, they study ESP (English for Specific Purposes) and they find some obstacles in memorizing technical vocabularies which are very important in order to read and understand manual books for laboratory and workshop. Some English technical vocabularies among others are “generate”, “pile”, “bench”, et cetera. The research outcome is software which will be beneficial for technical students, especially electrical and electronics students. This software can be used to practice their vocabulary skills, so they will be more skillful and knowledgeable. This software is designed by using the program of Rapid E-Learning Suite Version 5.2 and Flash CS3. The software practice contains some exercises on reading text and reading comprehension questions and presented with the multiple answers. This software is handy and flexible because students can bring it anywhere and be studied anytime. It is handy because this software is put and saved in CD (compact disc), so the students can take it with them anywhere and anytime they want to learn. In other words, they have flexibility to learn and practice English Technical Vocabularies. As a result, the students are found one of the ways to overcome their problems of memorizing vocabularies. The product is a kind of software which is easily used and portable so that the students can use the software anywhere and anytime. It consists of 3 (three) sections of exercises. At the end of each exercise, the students are evaluated automatically by looking at the scoring system. These will encourage them to get good score by repeating it again and again. So the technical words are not problem for them. Furthermore, the students can practice technical English vocabulary both at home and in the language laboratory by using this software. Keywords: ESP, English Technical Vocabulary, Software, portable
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION OF A MULTICULTURAL FAMILY IN BURU REGENCY
Authors: Bin-Tahir Saidna Zulfiqar , Bugis Riki , Tasiana Riany
Published: October 2019

This study aimed at; 1) exploring the process of intercultural communication in a multiculturalism family in Namlea; 2) investigating the functions of intercultural communication in a multiculturalism family; 3) knowing the multiculturalism family developing their intercultural competence. This research applied the qualitative research using a case study design. The informant of the research consisted of a multiculturalism family in Jikubesar of Buru Regency, Maluku. The data collection technique employed the observation, interview, field notes, and documentation. The technique of data analysis was data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the adjusting and understanding others culture were the key of the success of the intercultural process in a multicultural family through some functions and strategies in developing the intercultural communication competence. The results of the study contributed to develop the communication model in the multicultural society such in the environment interaction. It also could be adapted as a strategy or model of teaching and learning a language in the multicultural classroom.Keywords: Intercultural communication, multicultural competence
TRANSLATION OF PHRASAL VERBS INTO INDONESIAN
Authors: Maharani Santika I Dewa Ayu Devi , Widiadnya Putri I Gusti Vina , Suastini Ni Wayan
Published: October 2019

This study has two aims, those are to analyze: (1) the classification of phrasal verbs found in a short story and the classification of their translations in Indonesian done by some English teachers from some primary schools in Denpasar, and (2) how the meaning of phrasal verbs in SL help to determine their equivalents in TL. The classification and the meaning of phrasal verbs are proposed by McArthur and Atkins (1975). Based on the analysis there were three categories of 34 phrasal verbs found in the data source, those are: intransitive verbs, transitive separable verbs, and transitive fusedverbs. The results found that most of the phrasal verbs are included into transitive separable verbs and from the three categories of phrasal verbs; they were translated mostly into transitive verbs. Meanwhile, the meanings of phrasal verbs in SL determine the suitable equivalents for the phrasal verbs in TL since there were variants equivalents given in the translations.Keywords: Phrasal verbs, Translation, Words meaning
ANALYZING TEACHER’S INSTRUCTIONAL AND NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION IN EFL CLASSROOM
Authors: Ranta Ranta , Harmawati Diah
Published: October 2019

The objectives of this research were to find out the teacher’s instructional language, kinds of nonverbal communication and effects in EFL Classroom. The objects of the research were the teacher and students of one primary school in Merauke.The approach employed was qualitative approach. The type of this research applied discourse analysis (DA). Data collection was conducted through observation by recording and interview. Data from observa tion was used to know the teacher’s instructional Language and kinds of nonverbal communication. Interview was used to know the effects of using the teacher’s instructional Language and nonverbal communication to the students.The research findings showed that (1) the teacher’s instructional language in the classroom activities covered explanations, asking questions, giving feedback, and giving corrections. In term of explanation, the teacher used English, switched and mixed the Indonesian language. The teacher used display question to know the students understanding related to the material. She used referential question to start the classroom and when she checked the progress of the students’ activity. In giving feedback, mostly same with explanation, the teacher also used English even she switched and mixed her language with Indonesian. The teacher used direct correction and indirect correction in giving correction. Repetition was also found in explanation, asking question, giving feedback and giving correction. (2 that the kind) The findings revealed s of nonverbal communication used by the teacher in the classroom included gesture, body movement and posture, eye contact and facial expression. These nonverbal were applied to explain some unclear verbal communication. (3) The last, the findings showed that there were positive and negative effects of the teacher’s instructional language The positive effects included motivating the students in studying, increasing the students’ vocabulary mastery, making them be more active to speak, giving enthusiasm in studying. Meanwhile, the negative effects revealed the students felt nervous to speak when the teacher looked at them and even she stood beside them. Fundamentally, this research gave great contributions in education, could help student’s confidence and enthusiasm tospeak particularly in English learning teaching process.Keywords: Teacher’s instructional, nonverbal communication, EFL
FIGURATIVE AND LEXICAL VARIETIES IN FACEBOOK POSTS
Authors: Widiadnya Putri I Gusti Ayu Vina , Andri Permana I Putu , Nova Winarta Ida Bagus Gde
Published: October 2019

Language is a highly elaborated signaling system. It serves various functions in communication, it is used to share ideas, convey feelings and emotions, etc. The researchers are interested to uncover more on how people use language in terms of its variety and lexical in one of the popular social media networking platforms that we all know as Facebook. Based on the aforementioned background of the study, the problem of the research can be formulated as follows: (1) what are the figurative languages used in Facebook posts by female and male Facebook users? (2) How are the emotional lexical varieties e.g. used in Facebook posts? Method of research is a procedure needed to do the research better. In this case, method of research covers data source, data collection and data analysis. The data of this research have been taken from facebook profile, it is as an online social networking website where people can create profiles, share information such as photos and quotes about themselves, and respond or link to the information posted by others. The method that used in collecting data is method of library research. They are collected by reading the Facebook user’s post, by underlining and note taking as well.The data analysis is the last step in this process of writing this research. The analysis is done by descriptive method. To make the analysis clearer, all of examples are completed with explanation. Referring to the first research problem, there are some figurative languages used by the Facebook users such as, Simile (female 1 or 4.3% and male 0%), Metaphor (female 4 or 17.3% and male 0%),, Personification (female 3 or 1.3% and male 1% or 4.3%),, Hyperbole (female 4 or 17.3% and male 1 or 4.3%), and Idiom (female 3 or 13% and male 0%),. Furthermore, in regards to the second problem that is emotional lexical used by the Facebook Users, we could mention that both the Augmentatives (female 3 or 13% and male 1 or 4.3%), and Euphemisms (female 1 or 4.3% and male 1 or 4.3%), are used in the Facebook postsKeywords: Figurative, lexical variety, Facebook, Post
EXPLORING LOCAL VALUES AND CULTURE IN ENGLISH TEXTBOOK
Authors: Cahyati Sri Supiah , Rahmijati Cynantia
Published: October 2019

The purposes of this research, entitled "Exploring Local Values and Culture in English Textbook", are to identify and analyze the local values & culture in 8 English textbooks for high school level; to elaborate the scope of the values in English textbooks for high school level. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method.The results show that in the 8 English textbooks all contain local value and culture, they are value of religion, customs, governance/social, procedures, textual, buildings and religious values whereas the scopes of the values are traditional and modern values.Keywords: local values, English textbooks
TEACHING STRATEGIES FOR MULTICULTURAL STUDENTS AT BIPAS, UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
Authors: Sri Rahayuni Ni Ketut
Published: October 2019

The relationship between teacher and student involves not just instruction, but interaction. When interaction fails because of teacher misperceptions of student behavior, instructional failure will often follow. This is in line with teaching BIPAS students who come from different countries. Teachers should use certain teaching strategies in order to meet the students’ need and make the learning process successful. The aims of this research are to find out the teaching strategies and the situation of students-teacher interactions and students-students interactions in multicultural classrooms of BIPAS Program, Udayana University in Bahasa Indonesia classes. Malone (2012) stated that communicative approaches and instructional techniques are required to teach second language. The data was collected through a classroom observation and the documentation method through video recording during the classroom interaction was done to get the supporting data. It was found that communicative approach through emphasis on learning to communicative through classroom interaction, and cooperative learning such as small group discussion and pair work/discussion become the effective teaching strategies used for multicultural students at BIPAS, Udayana University. Both teacher -student interaction and student-student interaction are applied for multicultural students in the classroom. Keywords: multicultural students, teaching strategies, interaction, communicative approach
Globalizing Higher Education in India: A step towards Multiculturalism - a Review
Authors: Sharma Sunita Ramesh
Published: October 2019

Prime Minister Modi’s initiative “Educate in India” announced in May 2015, the objective is to attract international students and make India, a quality higher education hub in Asia. India aspires to transition from having the second highest student population leaving its shores to study abroad, to become a premier educational destination attracting more international students to its shores.

 

The paper reviews the growth of higher education system in India, draws inspirations from the experiences of other Asian countries and then reviews India’s piece of global cake. It also discusses the benefits of multiculturalism, which are going to flow in the Indian economy following Internationalization of higher education
Lexical Richness of the Expository Writing in Indonesian Senior High School Students
Authors: ASTRIDYA FARA WAHYU
Published: October 2019

Learning a foreign language is often related to knowing the words which called lexical richness. This current study investigate the lexical richness in senior high school students. The data are taken from the students’ writing on expository essay. Writing an expository essay is a challenge for students where they should be able to write based on a given theme using a varied vocabulary so later the students are capable making a good writing. The students are collected from three grades that consist of 30 students in each grades. By the total amount of the students, it will be measured by some types of lexical richness; lexical density, lexical sophistication, and lexical variation. After being investigated, the results were found that lexical richness in each grades showed a significant increase in each class, starting from grade 10 to grade 12. According to all those three measurements, showed that grade 12 is the highest percentages among others and it concludes that students in grade 12 is the most prepared and have the richest lexical between grade 10 and 11.
Reforming the Students’ Writing Errors in Collocation by Applying Collocation Learning
Authors: Kholili Achmad
Published: October 2019

As a language, English has now spread all over the world and has been known by quite a few people currently. English is known as crucial and salient to learn. The language quite reveals complexities that make some people sometimes give in to continue studying it. It has such as grammar, linguistic terms, and other rules that play a very significant role while applied to daily life. One of the rules that are quite hard to do is combining words within a sentence called as collocation. This paper aims at investigating whether the students at University of Islam Malang have known about collocation. In this study, the researcher conducted a quick survey. The data was collected with an open-questionnaire containing five different sentences in which the students should translate the Indonesian sentence into English correctly using a correct combination of words. The result of the study revealed that the students from University of Islam Malang still have been committing errors in combining words in a sentence; it is due to their little acquaintance with collocation even having no knowledge of it. Since it has happened to the students, by conducting this small research, the researcher expects that the students may learn much more about collocation either from this paper or other resources with regards to collocation learning in English.

 

Keywords: English, Collocation, Students of University of Islam Malang
Reading Ability and Strategies of Students in Coastal Area of Bengkulu
Authors: Jayanti Fernandita Gusweni , Dewi Anggun Citra Sari
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to discuss students’ reading ability and the reading strategies they use when they read English texts. This study employs a descriptive-qualitative approach. The data were gained by using two instruments; a reading comprehension test and a questionnaire on reading strategy. The respondents of this research were 243 third year students from four senior high schools located in coastal area in Bengkulu city. The results of students’ reading comprehension test showed that the students’ reading ability is categorized as poor. This study also found that the students use reading strategies in medium frequency. It means that the students do not make use of reading strategies maximally. Furthermore, the analysis of the questionnaire also showed that the most frequently used strategies are finding the main idea of the text, guessing the meaning of difficult words and using background knowledge while reading, while the least frequently used strategies are looking at the text closely, finding specific information and interpreting graph, diagram and table. It is predicted that the students’ low reading ability was influenced by the way the students use reading strategy and the sociocultural factor of the students who live in coastal area.
The Capability of Pronouncing French Phonemes by Students of English Department, Udayana University
Authors: Indrawati Ni Luh Ketut Mas , Savitri Weddha , Aryani Agung Istri
Published: October 2019

This study aims at investigating the ability of the pronunciation of French phonemes by students of English Department, Faculty of Culture, Udayana University. It also intends to analyse the way they articulated the phonemes and identified factors affecting their pronunctiation. This research is very interesting to do considering that the correct pronunciation of a phoneme or sound of a Foreign Language is one of the important points that must be mastered by the learners. The French sound system which is different from Indonesian and English certainly becomes one of the obstacles for students besides their lack of knowledge about the French phonemes. It is important to know which phonemes they have been able to pronounce and which are still difficult for them, so that inovations in teaching French can be made, especially in enhancing students' ability in pronouncing sounds which are considered difficult in French.

               Forty students of English Department who chose French as their elective subject were taken as the population of this study. The data were taken by applying observation method using quesionares, recording, and note taking techniqes. The data were descriptive-qualitatively analysed by applying the theory of phonology.

 

Keywords : capability, pronunciation, phonemes, French.
Multimedia Learning: An Activity Based Computer to Develop Reading Comprehension
Authors: Sulistianingsih Endang , Prihatin Fajar , Mulyati Sri
Published: October 2019

Abstract

 

            The aimed of the study was to find out the effectively of multimedia learning as an activity based computer to develop reading comprehension. The students’ comprehension development is crucial to help students to be success in following development of science and technology, since most of the scientific works are released in English. This research used experimental design with pre-test and posttest one design. There were 47 students as a participants. The pre-test was done to test the sample similarity and the initial level of student’s reading comprehension. The movies given during the intervention session. Then the evaluation and post-test were done to find out the student’s reading comprehension development. Hypothesis was tested using t-test. The result indicated that multimedia learning as an activity based computer was effective to develop student’s reading comprehension. 

 

Keywords: Multimedia, Computer, Reading Comprehension, CALL, EFL learner
The Voices of Indonesian Students on the Use of English Translation of the Holy Quran as an Authentic Material Resource to Teach Reading
Authors: Sumarsono Puji
Published: October 2019

English translation of the Holy Quran has been utilized as an authentic material to teach and learn English (Sumarsono, 2016). A skill which is directly related to this issue is reading through a genre based-approach by exploring narrative texts in the Holy Quran (Sumarsono, 2017). Considering that these previous researches have developed teaching methodology and also teaching materials, it is crucial to understand the students’ voices concerning the use of this methodology and materials. The importance of this study is to provide feedback and improve the use of this methodology and materials. This study applied qualitative as it intended to understand and describe the phenomenon deeply. An instrument which was applied was an interview and the interviewees were the students who were joining a class using this methodology and teaching materials. The students have positive views on the use of English Translation of the Holy Quran as an authentic material resource to teach reading. This methodology has two crucial roles in the development of knowledge and faith.
CODE SWITCHING ANALYSIS IN THE NOTES MADE BY THE SALES ASSISSTANTS IN RIPCURL
Authors: Utami Ni Made Verayanti
Published: October 2019

Language is very important means of communication. It is used to communicate and to give information to others. There are many languages in the world that people can choose their interaction. Choosing one proper language in communication is very important to avoid misunderstanding. People have to choose a particular language and or decide to switch from one to another. The switch from one language to the other one called as code switching. Code switching may occurred in many areas. One of them is tourism area. Thus, this research is design to identify the types of code switching, to analyze the function of the code switching and to find out the factors led the sales assistants code-switch. The data was taken from the log book of Ripcurl (surf shop) that is written by the sales assistants. The data was collected through observation method through note taking techniques. The log book was read and the expressions represent the use of code switching were noted. After the data collected, they were analyzed. Descriptive qualitative method was used to analyze the data. The analysis was conducted through several steps. First, the theory proposed by Poplack (1989) was used to classify the types of code switching produced by Nusa Dua Ripcurl log book. Furthermore, the theory of the function of code switching developed by Apple and Muysken (1987:118-120) was used to analyzed the function of code switching.

 Keywords: code switching, log book note
THE IMPACT OF THE WORK OF NOVICE TRANSLATORS ON THE QUALITY OF THE TRANSLATION
Authors: Puspani Ida Ayu Made
Published: October 2019

This article aims at finding out the impact of the translation product and its readability conducted by the fourth semester students of the English Department Faculty Arts Udayana University 2017. The study was conducted by investigating the students` work on English-Indonesian translation class. There were 40 students as the participants, and they were given task to translate text from English into Indonesian. The results show that there were many distorted meaning of the SL in the translation, this is due to the lack of the ability of the students in understanding the meanings, such as contextual meaning and connotative meaning though they were given basic theory of translation, and how the source language English is different from the target language in terms of linguistics as well as cultural background.

Keywords: novice .translator, impact, quality
Language Learning at Natural Disaster Area in Elementary Schools
Authors: Muzaki Ferril Irham
Published: October 2019

Abstract

One of the challenges in designing language learning in elementary schools is the ability to predict the skills of learners. To meet this need the Ministry of Education and Culture in designing the national exam which is one of the standardized tests in Indonesia. The use of multiple choice in national exams has an efficient basis for the correction of results after the exam is over. You can imagine homework from ministry of Education and culture on the national curriculum. The complex case faced by Indonesia today is the location of Indonesia. Geographically, the Eurosasia and pacific plates are surrounded by active volcanoes. For this reason language learning is preferably related to the literature of children with the teaching method of copy by master creative writing.

 

Keywords: Elementary School, Natural Disaster, Copy By Master, 21st Century Challenge
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY BY USING EXAMPLE NON-EXAMPLE TECHNIQUE AT SECOND GRADE OF STATE JUNIOR SCHOOL 1 LARANGAN PAMEKASAN
Authors: Setiyawan Arisandi , Hanna Ina Daril
Published: October 2019

This study is a classroom action research (CAR). This study proposed example non example technique to teach English for second grade students at state junior high school 1 Larangan Pamekasan to solve the students’ problems on speaking skill. The result of the preliminary study indicated that the problem of the students toward their speaking skill is the average speaking score is lower than the minimum standard of learning (KKM). Based on the pre-test, the students who got score more or equals to 75 are 7 students and 33 students got less 75. Then the researchers collaborated with the teachers try to solve the problem using example non-example technique using classroom action approach. The results showed that the instruction through example non-example technique in the Cycle I and Cycle II, there was improvement of students’ speaking ability at second grade of state junior high school 1 Larangan Pamekasan. The students were more imaginative and feel free to show their understanding about the pictures. It made they motivate to learn and they could improve their speaking ability.
NEEDS ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH LEARNING FOR STUDENTS OF ECONOMIC DAN BUSINESS UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
Authors: Saientisna Made Detriasmita
Published: October 2019

To face the Asian Economic Community, active mastery of English is very important so that people can compete with good workers from their own area or workers from other Asian countries. This study aims to find out (1) whether the problems faced by the students of the Faculty of Economics, Udayana University in learning English and (2) whether the English language needs needed by economic students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Udayana University to design the correct syllabus and effective in teaching English. Analysis of English language needs is done by giving questionnaires to students for their answers, those questions concerning the field of English what they are very proficient (speaking, listening, reading and writing) and which areas of English they find difficult to learn, and choose what lessons they think are necessary that have not been provided in the current syllabus. The answers from these students will be analyzed according to the need analysis by Hutchinson and Waters (1994) and Dudley-Evans and St. John (1998). From this research, it is expected that students can improve their English language skills in economics majors and also can design a new syllabus that is more effective in accordance with the needs of students at the Faculty of Economics, Udayana University.

 

Key words: Needs analysis, english language, english for economic, ESP.
CONSTRUING EFL STUDENTS’ BELIEFS ON THE INCLUSION OF INNER CIRCLE CULTURES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
Authors: Ubaidillah M. Faruq
Published: October 2019

Amidst the vast growth of English language and its teaching in EFL countries, an attentive action needs to be addressed to students (henceforth, participants) of English department regarding their belief systems of the Inner Circle cultures in the teaching of English. This study documented that those students put their preference on the inclusion of the Inner Circle cultures in English language teaching. Out of thirty four participants, 65% of them are of opinion that a language is bond with the culture. Then, the teaching of language per se should include its culture. One participant supported this, stating that the culture of the target language can refine their ability to understand the language well. Unlike those who favor the IC cultures, 21% of the participants disregard the issue. They, under the reason, felt the need of preserving their own local culture in ELT. Lastly, 15% of them, though small in number, put neutral beliefs on the issue. They contended that IC culture should only be introduced as an additional information in ELT as their own local cultures are more appropriate to learn. This paper ends with suggestions for policy makers to reframe the paradigm shift of English language teaching which puts local cultures at the front gate as well as English teachers to assist EFL students lift up their awareness on local culture teaching and learning.
BIDADARI-BIDADARI SURGA INTRINSIC ELEMENTS: A NOVEL ANALYSIS
Authors: Lauren Cendy
Published: October 2019

Abstract

This study aims to describe the intrinsic elements of Tere Liye's Bidadari-bidadari Surga novels. The method used to obtain data in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. Sources of data are excerpts of words, sentences, and discourses found in the novel Bidadari-Bidadari Surga by Tere Liye published by Republika in 2008. Related to the intrinsic elements that build literary works from within, data collection is done by reading data sources and researchers act as instruments. The researcher identifies, classifies, and codifies the data based on the problems studied. The data collection technique of this research uses textual techniques. Data analysis was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner by reading, identifying, interpreting, and interpreting the data then drawing conclusions. The results of the analysis of this study show that the Bidadari-Bidadari Heaven novels have the theme of kinship and characters who are hard-nosed, not open, willing to sacrifice, kind-hearted, naughty, obedient, not deterred, and hardworking from several figures in the story. This novel is worth reading by teenagers, adults, the elderly and the elderly because this novel has a moral value that is very close to society.
GENETIC ASPECTS OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ON THE BACKGROUND OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN COMBINATION WITH NONCARDIAC DISEASES
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Khidirova Lyudmila Daudovna , Yakhontov Davyd Aleksandrovich ,   Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and EvidenceBased Medicine, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Maksimov Vladimir Nikolaevich ,   Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of Therapeutic Diseases, Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2019

Objective: To study genetic determinants in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) on the background of arterial hypertension (AH) in combination with various extracardiac comorbid pathology. Methods: In a prospective cohort study included 167 patients with paroxysmal and persistent forms of AF and stage II hypertension without CAD. The average age of the patients studied was 53.3±7.1 years. DNA isolation from blood leukocytes was carried out by phenol-chloroform extraction. Testing polymorphism rs2200733, polymorphism 174G/C (174G/C (rs1800795) gene IL6), the IL6 gene performed with PCR with RFLP. Testing of statistical hypotheses was carried out at a critical level of significance p=0.05, i.e. the difference was considered statistically significant at p<0.05. The lower limit of the evidential power was taken equal to 80%. Results: This study shows associations of polymorphisms 174G/C (rs1800795) of the IL6 gene, the IL6 gene and rs2200733 chromosome 4q25 with AF on the background of comorbidities: AH, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypothyroidism, T2DM, abdominal obesity. Associations of polymorphism 174G/C (rs1800795) of the IL6 gene with the risk of recurrence of AF on the background of individual comorbidities were also found; polymorphism rs2200733 chromosome 4q25 with triglyceride levels, index atherogenicity, creatinine, fibrinogen, with the number of months before the development of relapse; 174G/C (rs1800795) of the IL6 gene – with HDL cholesterol levels, creatinine, diastolic blood pressure, galectin-3. Conclusion: The results contributes to the study of such a complex phenomenon as the secondary form of atrial fibrillation, contributes to the accumulation of knowledge, bringing closer the time when therapeutic interventions will be individualized, based on an understanding of the pathological process in each patien Keywords: Atrial fibrillation, polymorphism, rs2200733, 174G/C (rs1800795) of the IL6 gene, IL6, extracardiac pathology.
INSTRUMENTAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS CRITERIA OF THE HERPES ZOSTER
Authors:   Department of Dermatovenereology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Isaeva Mavdzhuda Sirodzhidinovna , Mirzoeva Munira Takhirovna ,   Medical Center of the Executive Office of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, Abdulloev Saidkhodzha Murtazoevich ,   Central Scientific Research Laboratory, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Tagaykulov Erkindzhon Khaligulovich ,   Central Research Laboratory, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
Published: October 2019

Objective: To assess the instrumental and morphological diagnosis of herpes zoster (HZ). Methods: Instrumental and morphological diagnostics of HZ carried out in 40 patients. The spectra recorded on a standard two-beam IR spectrometer in the frequency range 4000-400 cm-1. Evaluate the results of pathomorphological studies, a computer-aided analysis system for microscopic images, consisting of a light-optical microscope used. Microscopic samples studied under the microscope Olympus CX21 at different magnifications with the Digital Microscope Camera MC-DO 48U (E). Results: Analysis of infrared spectra of blood plasma in HZ patients showed that when IR spectroscopic examination of blood of patients with different forms of HZ observed. A more significant shift of Vmax to the low-frequency region of the band 665 cm-1 observed a significant change in the IR absorption bands lying in the region frequencies of 1800-1200 cm-1, and very weak IR bands with Vmax 1450, 1300 and 1225 cm-1 completely smoothed out. Morphological examination of patients with different forms of HZ in the germ layer of the epidermis determines the phenomena of spongiosis and ballooning (vacuolar) dystrophy, caused by a sharp intracellular oedema and changes in the nuclei. Conclusion: The results of the research showed that both instrumental and morphological diagnostic methods for HZ are technically simple in execution, informative, economic and allow diagnosing all clinical forms of dermatosis in a short time. Keywords: Herpes zoster, instrumental and morphological diagnostics, IR spectrometry.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF STROKE IN THE GISSAR REGION OF TAJIKISTAN
Authors:   Department of Neurology and Basics of Medical Genetics, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Ganieva Manizha Temurovna , Todzhiddinov Todzhiddin Bakhruloevich ,   Department of Neurology and Basics of Medical Genetics, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Khoshimov Rakhim Abdulloevich ,   «Asabshinos» Private Clinic
Published: October 2019

Objective: To study the epidemiological features of stroke in the Gissar region of Tajikistan. Methods: This study was carried out between 2015 and 2016 at the Gissar Central District Hospital, where inpatient treatment was carried out for patients with acute cerebral circulatory disorders. With a total population of 280,000 people, 551 patients with stroke were registered. The study includes cases of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes and subarachnoid hemorrhage Results: Stroke incidence in 2015 and 2016 results 0.94 and 1.03 per 1000 people respectively. Of all reported cases, ischemic stroke was found at 65.1%, hemorrhagic in 25.7%, subarachnoid bleeding at 3.3%, and mixed stroke in 5.9% of observations. More than half of the patients were male (62.3%). Middle-aged people prevailed. Arterial hypertension, long-existing psycho-emotional tension, heart disease and atherosclerosis were the leading risk factors. The death rate from stroke averaged 0.31 per 1,000 population. Depending on the nature of stroke, ischemic stroke mortality rates are 0.2 per thousand in 2015 and 0.22 in 2016 (0.11 and 0.12 for hemorrhagic stroke accordingly). Conclusion: The data of the stroke obtained by the example of a separate region will allow carrying out adequate measures of prevention and timely treatment of patients with acute cerebral circulatory disorders nationwide. Keywords: Hemorrhagic stroke , ischemic stroke, acute cerebral circulatory disorder, epidemiology, risk factors.
THE ROLE AND OBJECTIVES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES DUE TO GENDER- AND AGERELATED FEATURES OF HIV INFECTION IN TAJIKISTAN
Authors:   Department of Family Medicine № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Kadyrova Dilrabo Abdukayumovna , Karimov Sayfuddin Saytodzhevich ,   Republican Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Abdukhamedov Numon Abdullaevich ,   Republican Center for AIDS Prevention and Control
Published: October 2019

Objective: Proposing an effective measures of counteraction to HIV infection due to its gender-age characteristics in Tajikistan Methods: A comparative analysis of official quantitative statistics on HIV infection by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Republic of Tajikistan, the materials of international conferences on HIV infection, publications by WHO and UNAIDS, etc Results: In Tajikistan, 1,207 new HIV cases (adults, children) were reported in 2017, most of them in reproductive age, representatives of key populations, labor migrants, pregnant women and others. The main, progressing route of HIV transmission is a sexual one (66%). The number of people living with HIV (PLWH) as of January 1, 2018, was 7,556, most of whom were of reproductive age and with an increasing proportion of women among them. About 70% of PLWHs receive treatment against HIV, an antiretroviral therapy that is prescribed for the first time in 2017 to 1,243 patients, many of them immediately after being diagnosed with HIV. According to routine monitoring of viral load to assess the effectiveness of treatment, almost 70% of patients have suppression of HIV. Conclusion: In Tajikistan, the registration of new HIV cases is increasing, and the number of HIV recipients receiving HIV treatment. Primary health care needs to strengthen HIV education among the population, improve the availability of voluntary HIV testing for people at risk of infection, to cover HIV testing of all patients for clinical reasons and all pregnant women. Keywords: HIV infection, AIDS, people living with HIV, antiretroviral therapy, HIV testing, primary health care, reproductive age.
MULTIMODAL APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors:   Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Urmonov Umidzhon Butabekovich , Dobrodeev Aleksey Yurievich ,   Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Afanasyev Sergey Gennadievich ,   Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Avgustinovich Aleksandra Vladimirovna ,   Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rodionov Evgeniy Olegovich ,   Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2019

Objective: To study the effectiveness and tolerability of preoperative chemotherapy (CHT) in combination with radical surgery in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) II-III stages Methods: The results of the combined and surgical treatment of 43 patients with ESCC II-III stages are presented. The main group consisted of 22 patients who were assigned two courses of CHT before surgery (gemcitabine/cisplatin), followed by a radical surgery. The control group included 21 patients who received only surgical treatment. Results: Preoperative CHT in one (4.5±4.6%) patient gave a complete regression of the tumor, incomplete regression was in ten (45.5±11.1%) and stabilization is established in nine (40.9±10.9%) patients. The therapy had satisfactory tolerability and low toxicity, most patients observed the restoration of a full enteral nutrition. Postoperative complications in both groups of observations developed in 18.2±8.6% and 23.8±9.5% respectively (p>0.05). Preoperative CHT in the combined treatment of ESCC II-III stages has significantly improved two-year relapse-free and overall survival (80,9±8,7% and 85,7±7,8%) compared to the control group (35.0±10.6% and 55.0±11.1%) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The multimodal approach in the treatment of patients in II-III stages ESCC has pronounced damaging effect on the tumor and allows to significantly increase two-year relapse-free and overall survival rate compared to patients who have undergone only surgical treatment. Keywords: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, combined treatment, preoperative chemotherapy, short-term and long-term results.