bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On humans, algorithms and data
Authors: Arnaboldi Michela , de Bruijn Hans , Steccolini Ileana , Van der Voort Haiko
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the papers in this special issue on humans, algorithms and data. The authors first set themselves the task of identifying the main challenges arising from the adoption and use of algorithms and data analytics in management, accounting and organisations in general, many of which have been described in the literature.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper builds on previous literature and case studies of the application of algorithm logic with artificial intelligence as an exemplar of this innovation. Furthermore, this paper is triangulated with the findings of the papers included in this special issue.

Findings

Based on prior literature and the concepts set out in the papers published in this special issue, this paper proposes a conceptual framework that can be useful both in the analysis and ordering of the algorithm hype, as well as to identify future research avenues.

Originality/value

The value of this framework, and that of the papers in this special issue, lies in its ability to shed new light on the (neglected) connections and relationships between algorithmic applications, such as artificial intelligence. The framework developed in this piece should stimulate scholars to explore the intersections between “technical” as well as organisational, social and individual issues that algorithms should help us tackle.
Hyperconnectivity in action: users of mobile social networks and new technologies
Authors: Arruda Filho Emílio José Montero , Costa Everaldo Marcelo Souza da , Miranda Juliana Cristina dos Santos
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The aim of this research is to identify the characteristics that give rise to motivations to use social apps in light of behavioral concepts related to consumers’ desires and emotional values.

Design/methodology/approach

Netnography is used as the main methodology to analyze and categorize user profiles of online social networks. These profiles are presented through conceptual headlines, which highlight the main characteristics of each user group.

Findings

The results of the study show that many users have become dependent on the WhatsApp application, either for technological reasons or for social reasons related to fashion and status.

Research limitations/implications

Few consumers actually explained the ways they use mobile social networks in the context of the procedures and level of communication performed. However, the influence of social contexts in the consumer environment is changing perceived values focusing on prestige and status to technological elements that the majority of consumers use.

Practical implications

Practical implications are directly related to forming business connections in a less formal and more hedonic environment, improving market results while fostering user enjoyment. In addition, the ongoing updates to WhatsApp have brought new functionalities and improvements to previously weak features.

Originality/value

Although other applications offer means by which to talk and send messages, WhatsApp continues to be (as of early 2021) the most used platform for conversation in Brazil. The sovereignty of WhatsApp is directly linked to its social value, which is related to the number of consumers who daily interact via the network.
Variations of microbial communities and substrate regimes in the eastern Fram Strait between summer and fall
Authors: von Jackowski Anabel , Becker Kevin W. , Wietz Matthias , Bienhold Christina , Zäncker Birthe , Nöthig Eva‐Maria , Engel Anja
Published: May 2022

Seasonal variations in day length and temperature, in combination with dynamic factors such as advection from the North Atlantic, influence primary production and the microbial loop in the Fram Strait. Here, we investigated the seasonal variability of biopolymers, microbial abundance and microbial composition within the upper 100 m during summer and fall. Flow cytometry revealed a shift in the autotrophic community from picoeukaryotes dominating in summer to a 34‐fold increase of Synechococcus by fall. Furthermore, a significant decline in biopolymers concentrations covaried with increasing microbial diversity based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing along with a community shift towards fewer polymer‐degrading genera in fall. The seasonal succession in the biopolymer pool and microbes indicates distinct metabolic regimes, with a higher relative abundance of polysaccharide‐degrading genera in summer and a higher relative abundance of common taxa in fall. The parallel analysis of DOM and microbial diversity provides an important baseline for microbe–substrate relationships over the seasonal cycle in the Arctic Ocean.
Complex and flexible catabolism in Aromatoleum aromaticum pCyN1
Authors: Becker Patrick , Döhmann Annemieke , Wöhlbrand Lars , Thies Daniela , Hinrichs Christina , Buschen Ramona , Wünsch Daniel , Neumann‐Schaal Meina , Schomburg Dietmar , Winklhofer Michael , Reinhardt Richard , Rabus Ralf
Published: May 2022

Large quantities of organic matter are continuously deposited, and (a)biotic gradients intersect in the soil–rhizosphere, where biodegradation contributes to the global cycles of elements. The betaproteobacterial genus Aromatoleum comprises cosmopolitan, facultative denitrifying degradation specialists. Aromatoleum aromaticum. pCyN1 stands out for anaerobically decomposing plant‐derived monoterpenes in addition to monoaromatic hydrocarbons, polar aromatics and aliphatics. The catabolic network's structure and flexibility in A. aromaticum pCyN1 were studied across 34 growth conditions by superimposing proteome profiles onto the manually annotated 4.37 Mbp genome. Strain pCyN1 employs three fundamentally different enzymes for C–H‐bond cleavage at the methyl groups of p‐cymene/4‐ethyltoluene, toluene and p‐cresol respectively. Regulation of degradation modules displayed substrate specificities ranging from narrow (toluene and cyclohexane carboxylate) via medium‐wide (one module shared by p‐cymene, 4‐ethyltoluene, α‐phellandrene, α‐terpinene, γ‐terpinene and limonene) to broad (central benzoyl‐CoA pathway serving 16 aromatic substrates). Remarkably, three variants of ATP‐dependent (class I) benzoyl‐CoA reductase and four different β‐oxidation routes establish a degradation hub that accommodates the substrate diversity. The respiratory system displayed several conspicuous profiles, e.g. the presence of nitrous oxide reductase under oxic and of low‐affinity oxidase under anoxic conditions. Overall, nutritional versatility in conjunction with network regulation endow A. aromaticum pCyN1 with broad adaptability.
Irreconcilable times
Authors: Mookherjee Nayanika
Published: May 2022

In Denktagebuch (Thought diary, 1950‐73), Hannah Arendt wrote that acts which cannot be forgiven are beyond punishment and hence cannot be reconciled to. In this essay, I draw from Arendt to further theorize and extend the concept of irreconciliation. I draw together ethnographic material, historical material, documents, media reports, and reviews during this era of irreconcilability which includes Black Lives Matter; the memorialization debates on the removal of statues of enslavers; the history of slavery in the United Kingdom; and the ‘harmony ideology’ experienced by BAME (Black, Asian, and minority ethnic) academics within UK organizations linked to long‐term discrimination. I argue for the concept of irreconciliation as a bulwark against impunity, against a ‘window‐dressed’, symbolic performance of redress, and to be able to echo Arendt's words that ‘this’ – any original cause of injustice – ‘ought never to have happened’.
Identification of fungi found on desiccated human remains in an arid outdoor environment
Authors: Becktell Margot C. , Tucker Selina , Ozsoy A. Zeynep , Connor Melissa
Published: May 2022

Three fungi not previously reported on desiccated human remains were identified on cadavers at the Forensic Investigation Research Station (FIRS) in Whitewater, Colorado. The location of the FIRS provides the unique opportunity to observe the stages of decomposition in a high desert environment. The two cadavers used in the study were in the late stages of decomposition (PMI of approximately 1520 and 1820 days) to the point of desiccation and had developed an extensive black crust on the skin that remained. Skin samples of the two cadavers were taken and plated onto potato dextrose agar to determine whether fungi were present on the desiccated tissues. Three different fungi consistently dominated cultures grown from numerous samples taken from each cadaver. Based on morphological observations, nuclear rDNA sequence data, and phylogenetic analyses, two fungi were identified to species (Aureobasidium melanogenum and Didymella glomerata) and one fungus was identified to the genus level (Alternaria). These results will contribute to the understanding of the role that fungi might play in late‐stage decomposition and the extended postmortem period.
Loadings of lycopene in emulsion and sodium alginate–K‐carrageenan composite systems: Preparation, characterization, bioaccessibility, and kinetics
Authors: Zhang Daojiu , Chen Huibin , Zhang Ledao , Wang Ji‐Li‐Te , Cui Steve W , Wang Mingchun , Kang Ji , Wang Biao , Wang Hao
Published: May 2022

This research aims to prepare capsules emulsion using gallic acid (GA), dextran (DEX), bovine serum albumin (BSA), sodium alginate, and K‐carrageenan (K‐Car) as the biological delivery system of lycopene. The stability and bioaccessibility of lycopene were further improved through encapsulation of covalent complex of sodium alginate and K‐Car. The molecular weight distribution and secondary structure of the conjugates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The storage stability of the emulsion stabilized by conjugates was measured with Turbiscan stability index (TSI) and fluctuation of the particle size. The TSI value of ternary conjugates was 18.7 (37℃) with particle sizes ranging from 208 to 319 nm. Then, the changes of three‐dimensional reticulate structures and physical properties of sodium alginate‐K were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TPA. The thermal stability of the sodium alginate–K‐Car composite systems was increased compared with sodium alginate. The bioaccessibility of lycopene was significantly improved under the dual embedding of BSA–DEX–GA conjugate emulsion and sodium alginate–K‐Car composite systems.
Sensory properties of Australian bunya nuts
Authors: Moura Nadolny Jaqueline , Best Odette , Hassall Emma , Shewan Heather M. , Olarte Mantilla Sandra M. , Stokes Jason R. , Smyth Heather E.
Published: May 2022

Bunya nuts are the seeds of Araucaria bidwillii, a conifer native to South‐East Queensland, Australia. They are one of the 19 species of Araucaria family found around the world, with the nuts from South America being the most commonly consumed. They are traditionally eaten boiled or roasted. This study aims to profile the sensory properties of bunya nuts with chestnut as a comparator. Since chestnuts do not come from a conifer tree, it is expected that there will be differences. Different methods of preparation are also expected to change the sensory attributes. Representative samples were collected from a variety of locations in South‐East Queensland, prepared and presented to a panel of 14 experienced tasters applying conventional sensory descriptive profiling.

During training, the panel developed a lexicon of 23 sensory attributes together with definitions and reference. Profiles of the boiled and roasted bunya nuts revealed higher scores for hardness on the first bite than chestnuts and, when chewed, became more crumbly, dry, and grainy. They had a savory aroma and flavor, and roasted samples exhibited a roasted aroma. Bunya nut samples were less sweet than chestnut samples. Differences in the sensory properties due to method of preparation were also observed. Boiled bunya nuts were softer and moister, with lower scores for crumbly and grainy. This research is foundational in providing technical information on the sensory profile of this important Indigenous Australian nut and provides a strong basis to support novel food sector opportunities for the bunya nut as a reemerging food source not only in Australia, but also South America.

Practical Application

There is an increase demand for local, sustainable, and natural foods. Bunya nuts are native to Australia and are part of the Araucaria family, which includes 19 species that can be found around the world. To the best of our knowledge there is no study characterizing Araucaria nuts in terms of sensory attributes. This study builds a lexicon for bunya nuts and compares to chestnuts. It also shows how different preparation methods affect its sensory attributes, as well as possible future uses in product development. The outcomes might provide information to support studies on Araucaria nuts in other countries.
Interaction mechanism between ZnO nanoparticles‐whey protein and its effect on toxicity in GES‐1 cells
Authors: Yuan Erdong , Zhou Miao , Nie Shiying , Ren Jiaoyan
Published: May 2022

The interaction between zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and whey protein (WP) was studied. The gastric epithelial cell line (GES‐1) was used to evaluate the toxicity intensity of ZnO NPs. The interaction mechanism of ZnO NPs and WP was studied by spectroscopic techniques. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of ZnO NPs on cells activity could be reduced when added to ZnO NPs at a concentration of 50 µg/ml. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of ZnO NPs on WP is a combination of dynamic and static quenching. The interaction force between ZnO NPs and WP can be considered as H‐bond and VdW force, and they have two binding sites. The interaction between WP and ZnO NPs leads to the loosening of the structural skeleton of WP and the extension of peptide chain, which exposes the tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp) hydrophobic groups in the hydrophobic region of protein molecules and reduces the hydrophobicity of the microenvironment. The ZnO NPs might form a complex with WP through H‐bond, hydrophobic interactions, and so on, leading to peptide chain rearrangement, and finally causing changes in the secondary structure of α‐helix.

Practical Application

This study provides a theoretical basis for future research on the interaction between food ingredients and nanomaterials, the evaluation of toxicity of nanomaterials and the application scope of nanomaterials in food field.
Inhalation of low‐dose basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oil improved cardiovascular health and plasma lipid markers in high fat diet‐induced obese rats
Authors: Hong Seong Jun , Kim Da‐Som , Lee Jookyeong , Boo Chang Guk , Youn Moon Yeon , Le Brandy , Kim Jae Kyeom , Shin Eui‐Cheol
Published: May 2022

This study investigated the antiobesogenic effects of the inhalation of volatile compounds derived from basil essential oil (BEO) in high fat diet‐induced obese rats. A total of 47 volatile compounds were identified in BEO using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Major volatile compounds identified by olfactory testing include linalool oxide, linalool, 1‐menthene, and carvone. White adipose tissue significantly decreased in the rats that inhaled 0.3% BEO (more than +10%) compared to the control. Plasma marker analysis showed increased high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (ca. double fold) and decreased low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (more than −30%) levels in inhaled 1% BEO group compared to the control. Leptin significantly decreased in the 0.3 and 1% BEO groups (more than −70 and −85%, respectively). Last, systolic blood pressure at week 12 was significantly lower in inhaled 1% BEO group (more than −15%) compared to the control. The results of this study suggest that BEO inhalation may be effective in managing plasma lipid markers (cholesterols and leptin) and possibly metabolic disorders such as obesity.

Practical Application: Changes in metabolic health markers, which are effected by inhalation of volatiles in basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oil, will provide physiological variations in vivo to the public. In this study, the opposite effects were identified between 0.3% and 1% inhalation, respectively. Therefore, our findings will provide optimized and useful guidance for inhalation of basil essential oil.
The Brassica napus seed microbiota is cultivar‐specific and transmitted via paternal breeding lines
Authors: Wassermann Birgit , Abdelfattah Ahmed , Wicaksono Wisnu Adi , Kusstatscher Peter , Müller Henry , Cernava Tomislav , Goertz Simon , Rietz Steffen , Abbadi Amine , Berg Gabriele
Published: May 2022

Seed microbiota influence germination and plant health and have the potential to improve crop performance, but the factors that determine their structure and functions are still not fully understood. Here, we analysed the impact of plant‐related and external factors on seed endophyte communities of 10 different oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars from 26 field sites across Europe. All seed lots harboured a high abundance and diversity of endophytes, which were dominated by six genera: Ralstonia, Serratia, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Sphingomonas. The cultivar was the main factor explaining the variations in bacterial diversity, abundance and composition. In addition, the latter was significantly influenced by diverse biotic and abiotic factors, for example host germination rates and disease resistance against Plasmodiophora brassicae. A set of bacterial biomarkers was identified to discriminate between characteristics of the seeds, for example Sphingomonas for improved germination and Brevundimonas for disease resistance. Application of a Bayesian community approach suggested vertical transmission of seed endophytes, where the paternal parent plays a major role and might even determine the germination performance of the offspring. This study contributes to the understanding of seed microbiome assembly and underlines the potential of the microbiome to be implemented in crop breeding and biocontrol programmes.
Application of extended BBCH scale for studying the development of Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.
Authors: Kubíková Zuzana , Hutyrová Helena , Smejkalová Hana , Kintl Antonín , Elbl Jakub
Published: May 2022

Phacelia tanacetifolia is a fast‐growing crop from the family of Hydrophyllaceae that can be grown as an intercrop or also as a main crop, especially for the production of seed. It is grown both for fodder and for green manure and it is also an excellent melliferous plant. As it has no relation to other cultivated crops, it is suitable as a break crop in rotation. Despite its agrotechnological significance, no detailed study of its phenological development and detailed characterisation of growth stages have been published so far. The precise description of growth stages is a tool very useful not only for farmers but also for researchers. This paper presents a detailed characterisation of the development of P. tanacetifolia from germination to senescence. Based on research results, a characterisation of phenological growth stages is proposed using the extended BBCH scale. Individual methods of the evaluation of growth stages in plants are discussed and possibilities are assessed for using these methods in evaluating the development of P. tanacetifolia. The individual phenological growth stages of P. tanacetifolia are described using both the two‐ and three‐digit BBCH coding system. Schematic drawings illustrating the most representative growth stages are presented, too.
Clinical results of total en bloc spondylectomy using a single posterior approach in spinal metastasis patients: Experiences from Thailand
Authors: Paholpak Permsak , Wisanuyotin Taweechok , Sirichativapee Winai , Sirichativapee Wilasinee , Kosuwon Weerachai , Wongratanacheewin Janista , Sangsin Apiruk , Kasai Yuichi , Murakami Hideki
Published: May 2022

Aim

To demonstrate a single posterior approach, total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) could be performed safely without preoperative embolization in spinal metastasis patients.

Materials and Methods

Thirteen solitary spinal metastasis patients (five males) underwent single posterior approach TES at the thoracolumbar spine without preoperative embolization from January 2018 to January 2020. The primary sites were the breast (n = 4), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 2), colon (n = 2), and others (n = 5). All patients underwent single posterior TES. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Frankel neurological status, operative time and blood loss, and any complications were all recorded. The patients were regularly followed‐up with radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging to detect any local recurrences.

Results

The mean operative time was 354.6 min, and the mean operative blood loss was 2134.62 ml. None of the patients experienced any perioperative complications. Within the follow‐up period (3–24 months), no local recurrences were detected. Two patients (15.38%) were found to have distant metastasis to adjacent and remote vertebrae. Three patients were lost to follow‐up, and three patients died of disease. Six patients showed an improved ECOG functional status by at least one grade. Four of Frankel A patients improved their neurological status by at least one grade.

Conclusion

Even without embolization, single posterior TES at the thoracolumbar spine is safe and effective for short‐term local control in solitary spinal metastasis. However, TES cannot prevent distant metastasis. Longer‐term follow‐up studies will be able to further identify the benefits of TES for the long‐term local control of diseases.
Associations of body mass index and weight change with circulating levels of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, proinflammatory cytokines, and adiponectin among breast cancer survivors
Authors: Cho Hyun Jeong , Song Sihan , Kim Zisun , Youn Hyun Jo , Cho Jihyoung , Min Jun Won , Kim Yoo Seok , Choi Sang‐Woon , Lee Jung Eun
Published: May 2022

Aim

This study examined the associations of body mass index (BMI) and weight change with inflammatory markers among breast cancer survivors in Korea.

Methods

A total of 495 women were included who had been diagnosed with primary breast cancer and survived for at least 6 months since the surgery. Information on the body weight and height of the participants was collected both at the study enrollment and diagnosis. The plasma levels of inflammatory markers were measured, including high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and adiponectin. A summary z‐score was calculated by summing up the z‐scores of each biomarker. The least‐square means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a generalized linear model and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the elevated levels of inflammatory markers with a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results

Participants with a BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2 at the study enrollment and at diagnosis were significantly associated with elevated summary z‐scores compared to those with a BMI < 23 kg/m2; the ORs (95% CIs) were 5.42 (2.15–13.71) for current BMI and 3.66 (1.68–7.98) for BMI at diagnosis, respectively. Additionally, a weight loss > 5% since diagnosis was associated with a lower prevalence of high summary z‐scores; the OR (95% CI) was .20 (.08–.52) compared to a stable weight.

Conclusions

A high BMI at diagnosis and current BMI with a greater degree were associated with unfavorable levels of inflammatory markers among breast cancer survivors. Additionally, weight loss since diagnosis was inversely associated with these markers.
Adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes following in‐utero exposure to oxcarbazepine: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Athar Farwa , Ehsan Muhammad , Farooq Minaam , Lo Kevin B. , Cheema Huzaifa A. , Ahmad Shahzaib , Naveed Aiman , Umer Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Aim

This systematic review aims to assess the safety profile of oxcarbazepine during pregnancy.

Methods

Observational studies that included women who took oxcarbazepine anytime during pregnancy were included in our systematic review. The review did not include non‐English articles, reviews, meta‐analyses, case reports and animal studies. Different online sources such as MEDLINE, Cochrane library, Virtual Health Library, etc., were searched for published and unpublished literature. Assessment of the risk of bias in observational studies was carried out using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. The meta‐analyses were performed using a random‐effect model. GRADE was used for the evaluation of the quality of evidence for the primary outcomes.

Results

We included 19 cohort studies with a total of 5 071 137 patients, of which 2450 were exposed to oxcarbazepine either as monotherapy or polytherapy. The summary odds ratio (OR) was 1.69 (95% CI, 0.95–2.98) for congenital malformations following in‐utero exposure to oxcarbazepine as compared to the control group of unexposed patients (seven studies [n = 625]), and was 1.19 (95% CI, 0.67–2.12) when compared to those following lamotrigine (LTG) exposure during pregnancy (3 studies [n = 591]). In total, three studies (n = 770) reported the association between in‐utero oxcarbazepine exposure and fetal/perinatal deaths. The meta‐analysis yielded a summary OR of 3.33 (95% CI, 1.70–6.51).

Conclusion

Our systematic review will help healthcare providers and guideline developers regarding the treatment of epilepsy and other neurological disorders during pregnancy. More cohort studies with a higher sample size concerning oxcarbazepine use in pregnant patients are required to truly assess the in‐utero safety profile of the drug.
Challenges in diagnosis and understanding of natural history of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Joham Anju E. , Piltonen Terhi , Lujan Marla E. , Kiconco Sylvia , Tay Chau Thien
Published: May 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy affecting 8%–13% of reproductive‐aged women. The aetiology of the syndrome is complex, with genetic susceptibility, androgen exposure in early life and adiposity related dysfunction leading to perturbance in hypothalamic–ovarian function. PCOS clinical features are heterogeneous, with manifestations arising even in early adolescence, developing into multisystem reproductive, metabolic and psychological manifestations in adulthood. In this review, we will discuss challenges in the diagnosis of PCOS and understanding of the natural history of PCOS.
Looking up and down: Strong collaboration is only the first step in tackling parachute science
Authors: Genda Peter Ami , Ngoteya Hans Cosmas , Caro Tim , Borgerhoff Mulder Monique
Published: May 2022

Critiques of parachute science argue for closer collaborations among local and international scientists. Here, building on such a collaboration, we highlight further challenges when outsiders, typically working through international nongovernmental organizations, fail to respect both the governance framework within which they are working and the realities on the ground. Specifically, we emphasize the importance of observing governance structures, maintaining transparency, and responding flexibly to national and regional priorities (“looking up”), as well as stressing the need to keep a close focus on local cultural context when designing interventions such as educational programs (“looking down”). Addressing the shortcomings for conservation practice contingent on parachute science interventions requires nimble, creative, and respectful actions, which at least in the context of Tanzania, we all still struggle to put into action.
Increasing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis overlap in liver transplant recipients: Additive risk for de novo malignancy
Authors: Nasser‐Ghodsi Navine , Mara Kristin , Allen Alina M. , Watt Kymberly D.
Published: May 2022

Background and aims

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with metabolic conditions that increase the risk of de novo malignancy following transplant. Patients often have more than one underlying liver disease, which could change the risk of de novo malignancy. This study assessed the incidence of NASH overlap and its effect on de novo malignancy in liver transplant recipients.

Methods

Data was analyzed from the United Network for Organ Sharing database for all liver transplant recipients from 1997 to 2017 for NASH alone or in combination with another liver disease.

Results

There is an increasing prevalence of NASH overlap. Of the 98,679 patients included in the analysis, 1238 had a de novo malignancy identified (7.4% by 5 years post‐transplant). The cumulative incidence of de novo malignancy increases in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)/NASH overlap after 5 years and was increased in alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD)/NASH through 10 years compared to ether disease alone. NASH overlaps with “other” diseases experience a cumulative incidence similar to NASH and not the “other” disease. An increased risk of de novo solid organ malignancy was associated with older age, male gender, previous malignancy, and multiorgan transplant.

Conclusion

The prevalence of liver transplant recipients with NASH overlap is increasing. These patients may experience different long‐term outcomes than patients with either diagnosis alone. De novo malignancy risk can be influenced by multiple factors and metabolic comorbidities. Further study of patients with overlap diagnoses is important moving forward to guide individualized care and cancer screening programs.
Diabetes risk status and meeting the US physical activity recommendations in reproductive‐aged women: 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Authors: Rand Bethany G. , Ehrlich Samantha F. , Johnson Tammie M. , Churilla James R.
Published: May 2022

Background

Women at increased risk for type 2 diabetes, due to recognized prediabetes (PD) or previous gestational diabetes (GD), stand to benefit from meeting U.S. physical activity (PA) recommendations. This study examined the association of diabetes risk status with meeting aerobic activity (AA), muscle strengthening activity (MSA) and both recommendations.

Methods

Non‐pregnant women, 18–44, free of recognized diabetes, who participated in the 2011, 2013, 2015, or 2017 U.S. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey (N = 211,114) were categorized as no diabetes (ND; n = 202,766, referent) versus at‐risk for diabetes (RD; n = 8348). Logistic regression models generated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), adjusted for demographics and BMI. Tests for multiplicative interactions were performed for BMI category and race and ethnicity.

Results

There were lower odds of meeting AA, MSA and both recommendations in the RD group (referent = ND; OR 0.95 [5% CI 0.78, 0.97], 0.83 [95% CI 0.91, 0.98] and 0.87 [95% CI 0.78, 0.97], respectively). Effect modification by BMI category was detected for models assessing MSA (p = 0.10), both (p = 0.07) and neither recommendation (p = 0.005), but not for AA. Among those with a BMI in the healthy and overweight groups, RD had decreased odds of meeting MSA recommendations (referent = ND; 0.69 [95% CI 0.58, 0.81] and 0.78 [95% CI 0.65, 0.93], respectively); among the healthy BMI, RD had 24% decreased odds of meeting both recommendations (referent = ND; 95% CI 0.63, 0.91). There was no difference in meeting PA recommendations among groups in the obese category, but the increased odds of meeting the AA recommendation among the RD group were approaching significance (referent = ND; [95% CI 1.00, 1.29], p = 0.06].

Conclusion

Reproductive‐aged women with previous GD or recognized PD stand to benefit from increasing PA, especially MSA, the least often met recommendation.
Ladarixin, an inhibitor of the interleukin‐8 receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2, in new‐onset type 1 diabetes: A multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Piemonti Lorenzo , Keymeulen Bart , Gillard Pieter , Linn Thomas , Bosi Emanuele , Rose Ludger , Pozzilli Paolo , Giorgino Francesco , Cossu Efisio , Daffonchio Luisa , Goisis Giovanni , Ruffini Pier Adelchi , Maurizi Anna Rita , Mantelli Flavio , Allegretti Marcello
Published: May 2022

Aim

To evaluate the ability of ladarixin (LDX, 400 mg twice‐daily for three cycles of 14 days on/14 days off), an inhibitor of the CXCR1/2 chemokine receptors, to maintain C‐peptide production in adult patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

A double‐blind, randomized (2:1), placebo‐controlled study was conducted in 45 males and 31 females (aged 18‐46 years) within 100 days of the first insulin administration. The primary endpoint was the area under the curve (AUC) for C‐peptide in response to a 2‐hour mixed meal tolerance test (AUC[0‐120 min]) at week 13 ± 1. Secondary endpoints included C‐peptide AUC(15‐120 min), HbA1c, daily insulin requirement, severe hypoglycaemic events (SHE), the proportion of subjects achieving HbA1c less than 7.0% without SHE and maintaining a residual beta cell function. Follow‐up assessments were scheduled at weeks 13 ± 1, 26 ± 2 and 52 ± 2.

Results

In total, 26/26 (100%, placebo) and 49/50 (98%, LDX) patients completed week 13. The mean change from baseline to week 13 in C‐peptide AUC(0‐120 min) was −0.144 ± 0.449 nmol/L with placebo and 0.003 ± .322 nmol/L with LDX. The difference was not significant (0.149 nmol/L, 95% CI −0.04 to 0.33; P = .122). At week 26, the proportion of patients with HbA1c less than 7.0% without SHE was transiently higher in the LDX group (81% vs. 54%, P = .024). Otherwise, no significant secondary endpoint differences were noted. Transient metabolic benefit was seen at week 26 in favour of the LDX group in the prespecified subpopulation with fasting C‐peptide less than the median value at screening.

Conclusions

In newly diagnosed patients with type 1 diabetes, short‐term LDX treatment had no appreciable effect on preserving residual beta cell function.
Trade and the propagation of global shocks
Authors: Ferreira Pedro Cavalcanti , Trejos Alberto
Published: May 2022

We study the diffusion of shocks across countries. We develop an intertemporal model of the international economy, where tradable intermediate goods are used in the production of non‐tradable consumption and investment goods. International prices are endogenous, and their response to shocks triggers propagation across countries and industries. Each nation is affected differently depending on preferences, technology and endowment, which determine its comparative advantages. We use our calibrated model to perform counterfactual exercises reproducing some recent key world events. Shocks that have relatively minor aggregate effects in global output are found to impact countries and industries significantly and in opposite directions.
Effects of psychological stress and cortisol on decision making and modulating factors: A systematic review
Authors: Duque Aránzazu , Cano‐López Irene , Puig‐Pérez Sara
Published: May 2022

Evidence suggests that psychological stress has effects on decision making, but the results are inconsistent, and the influence of cortisol and other modulating factors remains unclear. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, 18 studies carried out between 2015 and 2020 that examined the effects of psychological stress on decision making and measured cortisol levels were selected. Eight studies employed uncertainty‐based economic tasks, five studies used decision‐making tasks in hypothetical situations that can be encountered in real life or in a specific setting and five studies employed prosocial decision tasks. Seventeen studies assessed acute stress, and two assessed chronic stress; eight evaluated the influence of sex. Most of the studies that explored the association between stress and decision making using uncertainty‐based economic tasks found statistically significant differences as a function of stress exposure and the cortisol response to stress, whereas most of the studies that employed non‐economic decision‐making tasks in hypothetical situations did not find statistically significant differences. When prosocial decision making was evaluated, more altruistic decisions were found after acute stress, and these decisions were positively associated with cortisol. Half of the studies that assessed the role of sex observed a greater impact on decision making after stress in women. Results suggest that it is important to consider modulating factors—the type of decision‐making task, the cortisol response to stress, the characteristics of the psychological stressor or the subject's sex—when trying to understand psychosocial stress phenomena.
Clinical and imaging features of nonmotor onset seizure in poststroke epilepsy
Authors: Fukuma Kazuki , Ikeda Shuhei , Tanaka Tomotaka , Kamogawa Naruhiko , Ishiyama Hiroyuki , Abe Soichiro , Tojima Maya , Kobayashi Katsuya , Shimotake Akihiro , Nakaoku Yuriko , Nishimura Kunihiro , Koga Masatoshi , Toyoda Kazunori , Matsumoto Riki , Ikeda Akio , Ihara Masafumi
Published: May 2022

Objective

Motivated by the challenges raised by diagnosing poststroke epilepsy (PSE), especially in nonmotor onset seizure (non‐MOS), we aimed to investigate the features of non‐MOS, including seizure sequences, patient characteristics, and electrophysiological and imaging findings in PSE.

Methods

This observational cohort study enrolled patients with PSE whose seizure onset was witnessed. According to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 2017 seizure classification, we classified seizure‐onset symptoms into the non‐MOS and MOS groups. We compared the different clinical characteristics between the two groups.

Results

Between 2011 and 2018, we enrolled 225 patients with PSE (median age, 75 years), consisting of 97 (43%) with non‐MOS and 128 (57%) with MOS. Overall, 65 (67%) of the patients without MOS had no subsequent convulsions. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed significant associations of non‐MOS with absence of poststroke hemiparesis (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–3.42), frontal stroke lobe lesions (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.14–3.91), and putaminal stroke lesions (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.22–5.18) as negative indicators. Postictal single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) detected prolonged hyperperfusion in the temporal lobe more frequently in the non‐MOS than in the MOS group (48% vs 31%; p = .02). The detection rate was higher than spikes/sharp waves in scalp electroencephalography, both in the non‐MOS group (72% vs 33%; p < .001) and the MOS group (68% vs 29%; p < .001).

Significance

This study provides the clinical features of non‐MOS in patients with PSE. Compared with the patients with MOS, patients with non‐MOS showed less likely subsequent convulsive seizures, highlighting the clinical challenges. Postictal perfusion imaging and negative indicators of the non‐MOS type may help diagnose and stratify PSE.
Research on temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of passenger flow of Daxing airport line based on automatic fare collection data
Authors: Jie Zhao , Shuainan Ding , Bengang Guo , Zhenchao Ma , Jiamin Jin
Published: May 2022

The airport line plays an important role in the airport landside traffic connection, which greatly relieves the urban road pressure. Studying the characteristics and laws of the time and space distribution of the airport line passenger flow will provide basic support for the airport line's capacity configuration, passenger flow control, and air‐track coordinated operation, and will also provide quantitative basis for the layout of urban terminal buildings. This paper proposes a method to analyse the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of airport line passenger flow based on AFC card swiping data. By mining and extracting the travel behaviour data of subway airport line air passengers, the distribution characteristics of airport line passenger flow are analysed and visualized from two aspects of passenger travel time and space. Finally, a case study is carried out based on the actual data of Daxing airport express. The results show that: (1) the travel time of departure and return passengers is concentrated in 60–90 min; (2) The departure and arrival points of passengers are concentrated within the Fourth Ring Road, and a large number of air passenger flows are gathered and evacuated at hubs such as Beijing South Railway Station and Beijing West Railway Station.
Realistic rates of nitrogen addition increase carbon flux rates but do not change soil carbon stocks in a temperate grassland
Authors: Wilcots Megan E. , Schroeder Katie M. , DeLancey Lang C. , Kjaer Savannah J. , Hobbie Sarah E. , Seabloom Eric W. , Borer Elizabeth T.
Published: May 2022

Changes in the biosphere carbon (C) sink are of utmost importance given rising atmospheric CO2 levels. Concurrent global changes, such as increasing nitrogen (N) deposition, are affecting how much C can be stored in terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding the extent of these impacts will help in predicting the fate of the biosphere C sink. However, most N addition experiments add N in rates that greatly exceed ambient rates of N deposition, making inference from current knowledge difficult. Here, we leveraged data from a 13‐year N addition gradient experiment with addition rates spanning realistic rates of N deposition (0, 1, 5, and 10 g N m−2 year−1) to assess the rates of N addition at which C uptake and storage were stimulated in a temperate grassland. Very low rates of N addition stimulated gross primary productivity and plant biomass, but also stimulated ecosystem respiration such that there was no net change in C uptake or storage. Furthermore, we found consistent, nonlinear relationships between N addition rate and plant responses such that intermediate rates of N addition induced the greatest ecosystem responses. Soil pH and microbial biomass and respiration all declined with increasing N addition indicating that negative consequences of N addition have direct effects on belowground processes, which could then affect whole ecosystem C uptake and storage. Our work demonstrates that experiments that add large amounts of N may be underestimating the effect of low to intermediate rates of N deposition on grassland C cycling. Furthermore, we show that plant biomass does not reliably indicate rates of C uptake or soil C storage, and that measuring rates of C loss (i.e., ecosystem and soil respiration) in conjunction with rates of C uptake and C pools are crucial for accurately understanding grassland C storage.
The impact of pre‐morbid headaches on headache features and long‐term health outcomes following traumatic brain injury: Insights from the American Registry for Migraine Research
Authors: Leibovit‐Reiben Zachary , Ishii Ryotaro , Dodick David W. , Dumkrieger Gina , Cortez Melissa M. , Brennan Kevin C. , Digre Kathleen , Schwedt Todd J.
Published: May 2022

Objective

To investigate the impact of having headaches prior to traumatic brain injury (TBI) on headache features and long‐term patient health outcomes.

Background and Methods

This was an exploratory analysis of patients with TBI who were enrolled in the American Registry for Migraine Research (ARMR), a multicenter, prospective, longitudinal patient registry composed of patients with International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD‐3)–defined headache diagnoses. The ARMR study enrolled 2,707 patients between February 1, 2016 and May 6, 2020, 565 of whom qualified for this analysis. Those with headaches prior to their TBI were compared to those without headaches prior to their TBI for ICHD‐3 diagnoses, headache frequency and intensity, headache‐related disability (Migraine Disability Assessment score), symptoms of anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder [GAD‐7]), depression (two items from Patient Health Questionnaire‐9), post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), cutaneous allodynia (12‐item Allodynia Symptom Checklist [ASC‐12]), cognitive dysfunction (Migraine Attacks Subjective Cognitive Impairments Scale [Mig‐SCog]), pain interference (Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System‐Pain Interference), and work productivity (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment).

Results

Among 565 participants with TBI, 350 had headaches prior to their TBI. Those with pre‐TBI headaches were less likely to receive a diagnosis of post‐traumatic headache (PTH; 14/350 [4.0%] vs. 21/215 [9.8%], p = 0.006), even though 25.7% reported new or worsening headaches within 7 days of their TBI. Those with pre‐TBI headaches had higher ASC‐12 scores (2.4 ± 3.5 vs. 1.8 ± 3.4, p = 0.030), Mig‐SCog scores (9.3 ± 4.7 vs. 8 ± 4.9, p = 0.004), and GAD‐7 scores (6.9 ± 5.1 vs. 6.2 ± 5.4, p = 0.039), and were more likely to have a migraine diagnosis (335/350 [95.7%] vs. 192/215 [89.3%], p = 0.003).

Conclusions

Those with headaches prior to TBI are less likely to receive a diagnosis of PTH. They have more severe symptoms of cutaneous allodynia, cognitive impairment, and generalized anxiety. This analysis suggests that pre‐TBI headaches might impact post‐TBI headache diagnoses and associated features.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of erenumab in patients with chronic migraine in whom prior preventive treatments had failed: A subgroup analysis
Authors: Ashina Messoud , Tepper Stewart J. , Brandes Jan Lewis , Reuter Uwe , Boudreau Guy P. , Weatherall Mark , Gantenbein Andreas R. , Doležil David , Klatt Jan , Wang Andrea , Karanam Ananda Krishna , Cheng Sunfa , Mikol Daniel D.
Published: May 2022

Objective

To assess the long‐term efficacy and safety of erenumab in the subgroup of patients with chronic migraine (CM) in whom prior preventive treatments had failed (TF) (≥1, ≥2, and ≥3 TF medication categories) and never failed (preventive naïve or prior preventive treatments had not failed), using the data from a 52‐week, open‐label treatment period (OLTP) of the parent study.

Background

Erenumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to and inhibits the canonical calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor. There are limited long‐term data evaluating the efficacy and safety of erenumab in patients with CM in whom prior preventive treatments had failed.

Methods

Patients who had completed the 12‐week double‐blind treatment period (DBTP) in the parent study were eligible to participate in the 52‐week OLTP, during which they received erenumab every 4 weeks. The TF subgroups (≥1, ≥2, and ≥3 TF medication categories) were not mutually exclusive; patients in whom prior preventive treatments from ≥3 medication categories had failed were also counted in the ≥2 and ≥1 medication categories. Endpoints included monthly migraine days (MMD), monthly acute migraine‐specific medication days (MSMD), achievement of ≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% reduction from baseline in MMD, and exposure‐adjusted patient incidence rates of adverse events (AEs; per 100 patient‐years).

Results

Erenumab treatment provided sustained mean reductions in MMD and MSMD relative to the parent study baseline throughout the 52 weeks of the OLTP across all TF subgroups. At Week 52, the mean MMD change was −8.6 (SD 6.6) (baseline: 18.4 [SD 4.5] days) in the ≥1 TF subgroup. A post hoc completer analysis (52 weeks [OLTP] erenumab) showed that compared with erenumab 70 mg, the 140 mg dose was associated with numerically greater reductions in the mean MMD (Week 40: −8.6 and −7.2 days; Week 52: −9.7 and −7.9 days [≥1 TF subgroup]) and a higher proportion of patients achieved ≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% response thresholds across all subgroups at Weeks 40 and 52. Overall the exposure‐adjusted patient incidence rates of AEs did not increase during the OLTP versus the DBTP (≥1 TF subgroup: 141.9/100 versus 317.9/100 patient‐years), and no new safety signals occurred.

Conclusion

The long‐term treatment with erenumab was well tolerated and showed sustained efficacy in patients with CM in whom prior preventive treatments had failed, with numerically greater treatment effects for 140 mg versus 70 mg.