bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Antioxidant Potential in the Leaf and Flower of Paulownia tomentosa
Authors: UĞUZ Özge , KARA Yeşim
Published: March 2019

Paulownia tomentosa, which adapts to the land of Denizli, has a rapid growth feature. In this study, content analysis was carried out in order to determine the antioxidant content of the Paulownia tomentosa tree. According to this, the most much catechin was found in the general phenolic content of the plant (24035.90 μg/g in the leaf extract, 13837.14 μg/g in the flower extract). The least amount of chlorogenic acid was (34.863 μg/g in the leaf extract, 82.260 μg/g in the flower extract) found. β-carotene was obtained as 7716,00 µg/g in leaf content and 501,67 µg/g in flower contents. Our plant is a plant that contains total phenolic substances in leaf and flower extract. Due to its potential for impact; ethnobotany is a plant species that can be used in phytotherapy, pharmacology, modern medical applications and animal feed industry.
Bayesian Analysis of Zero-Inflated Generalized Power Series Distributions Under Different Loss Functions
Authors: Ahmad Peer Bilal
Published: March 2019

The values of the expected frequencies clearly shows that the zero-inflated Poisson distribution provided a closer fit than that provided by the classical Poisson distribution. It is also clear from the table that the Bayes estimators obtained under weighted squared error loss functions (WSELF) gives closer fits than the Bayes estimator obtained under squared error loss function (SELF). Also, the exponentially minimum expected loss (EWMEL) estimates gives better fits than the minimum expected loss (MEL) estimates. Keeping in view the importance of count data modeling it is recommended that whenever the experimental number of zeros are more than that given by the model, the model should be adjusted accordingly to account for the extra zeros.
Mathematical Model of Accelerated Life Testing Plan Using Geometric Process
Authors: Rahman Ahmadur , Lone Showkat Ahmad
Published: March 2019

In this study, geometric process is introduced for the study of accelerated life testing plan under constant stress when the failure time data are from a generalized exponential model. It is better choice for life testing because of its simplicity in nature. The mean, SE, MSE, RAB and RE of the parameters are obtained and based on the asymptotic normality, the 95% and 99% confidence intervals of the parameters are also obtained. The future research should extend the GP model into ALTg for different life distribution. Introducing the GP model into ALT with other test plans or censoring techniques is another object of the future research.
Las cifras del comercio esclavista durante el periodo de independencia de Colombia: fluctuaciones de un mercado en decadencia
Authors: Pita-Pico Roger
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: trazar algunas comparaciones que permitan comprender el fenómeno del comercio de esclavos durante el periodo de Independencia en Colombia en tres aspectos específicos: el número de transacciones, el volumen de piezas negociadas y los precios de venta. Método: se aplicará el método de análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo para analizar el objeto de estudio. El primero de ellos empleado para el análisis de las fuentes secundarias y el marco teórico, y el segundo enfocado en el análisis comparativo de las cifras del comercio esclavista. Resultado: La tendencia general en estos años turbulentos fue la disminución del número de transacciones y la contracción en los precios, aunque la única excepción fue la provincia de Santa Marta. Conclusión: La importancia de esta investigación radica en la necesidad de ofrecer nuevas miradas al proceso de Independencia, particularmente de avanzar en el análisis de la incidencia del proceso revolucionario en todos los sectores de la población con el fin de profundizar mucho más sobre el alcance de las transformaciones sociales y económicas.
Leveraged buyout booms and busts: can Islamic finance help prevent and mitigate such market distortions?
Authors: El Haloui Mouad , Aboulaich Rajae
Published: March 2019

The industry of private equity and leveraged buyout has been, since its beginnings, subject to several chapters of bubbles and busts, the majority of whom are initiated under similar circumstances (excess of liquidity, junk debt and mimetic behavior).The Islamic finance is a financial system that complies with the rules of the Sharia Law, and which naturally allows the achievements of purposes of Sharia, such as protection of property and capital, fair wealth distribution, reduction of uncertainty and speculation, to name a few.From this perspective, this paper discusses the capacity of Islamic finance to help prevent some factors that trigger financial crises in the leveraged buyout market and to accomplish the intended purposes through this asset class.In the first part of this paper, the authors try to break down some of these common factors that trigger or catalyze the economic booms of the leverage buyout industry, and propose a framework to visualize their effects through an agent-based Simulation program. The second part of the paper describes how Islamic economic principles constitute brakes to some distortions and excesses in the market, in such a way that the probability of occurrence of a boom decreases drastically. Finally, these Islamic features are added up to the simulation to provide a comprehensive benchmark.
Evaluation of future runoff variations in the north–south transect of eastern China: effects of CMIP5 models outputs uncertainty
Authors: Sun Guodong , Peng Fei
Published: March 2019

Runoff is an important water flux that is difficult to simulate and predict due to lacking observation. Meteorological forcing data are a key factor in causing the uncertainty of predicted runoff. In this study, climate projections from ten general circulation models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) with high resolution under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario are employed to estimate the future uncertainty range of predicted runoff in the North–South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC) from 2011 to 2100. It is found that the range of future annual runoff is from 268.9 mm (Meteorological Research Institute coupled GCM, MRI-CGCM3) to 544.2 mm (Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate, MIROC5). The precipitation and the annual actual evapotranspiration are two key factors that affect the variation of runoff. The low annual runoff for the MRI-CGCM3 model may be caused by low precipitation and high annual actual evapotranspiration (466.9 mm). However, the high annual runoff for the MIROC5 may be caused by the high precipitation, although there is high annual actual evapotranspiration (544.2 mm). The above results imply that the forcing data and the model physics are important factors in the numerical simulation and prediction about runoff.
Cytoprotective Agents to Avoid Chemotherapy Induced Sideeffects on Normal Cells: A Review
Authors: Rohilla Seema , Dureja Harish , Chawla Vinay
Published: March 2019

Anticancer agents play a vital role in the cure of patients suffering from malignancy. Though, the chemotherapeutic agents are associated with various adverse effects which produce significant toxic symptoms in the patients. But this therapy affects both the malignant and normal cells and leads to constricted therapeutic index of antimalignant drugs which adversely impacts the quality of patients’ life. Due to these adversities, sufficient dose of drug is not delivered to patients leading to delay in treatment or improper treatment. Chemoprotective agents have been developed either to minimize or to mitigate the toxicity allied with chemotherapeutic agents. Without any concession in the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs, they provide organ specific guard to normal tissues.
Mutational Testing in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Authors: Wang Yu , Call Jerry
Published: March 2019

Targeted treatment has become a major modality in cancer management. Such cancer drugs are generally designed to treat tumors with certain genetic/genomic makeups. Mutational testing prior to prescribing targeted therapy is crucial in identifying who can receive clinical benefit from specific cancer drugs. Over the last two decades, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have evolved from histogenetically obscure to being identified as distinct gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors with well-defined clinical and molecular characteristics, for which multiple lines of targeted therapies are available. Although the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) strongly recommends mutational testing for optimal management of GIST, many GIST patients still have neither a mutation test performed or any mutation-guided cancer management. Here, we review the mutation-guided landscape of GIST, mutational testing methods, and the recent development of new therapies targeting GIST with specific mutations.
Emergence of Heteroresistance Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abakur Eltayib H. Ahmed , Alnour Tarig M.S. , Abuduhier Faisel , Albalawi Fahad M.A. , Alfifi Khalid A.S.
Published: March 2019

Purpose:

Heteroresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is defined as a group of drug-susceptible and resistant bacteria in a single clinical specimen from tuberculosis (TB) patients. Heteroresistance of MTB is considered a preliminary stage to full resistance. The present study aimed to determine the heteroresistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tabuk province, in the north of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Method:

GenoType MTBDRplus assay was used to determine mutations associated with isoniazid and rifampicin resistance.

Results:

A total number of 46 confirmed M. tuberculosis positive sputum samples were scanned for heteroresistance. The present study revealed 3 (6.5%) heteroresistant mutations to either rpoB gene alone, 2 (4.4%) to rpoB and 1 (2.2%) to inhA genes.

Conclusion:

The detection of heteroresistant mutations could guide the initiation of an appropriate regimen of treatment.
Subacromial Balloon Interpositional Arthroplasty for the Management of Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Five-year Results
Authors: Bakti Nik , Bhat Mahendar , Gulihar Abhinav , Prasad Vellala , Singh Bijayendra
Published: March 2019

Background:

Management of massive irreparable rotator cuff tears can be a source of significant dilemma for the treating surgeon. This is especially true when dealing with patients with poor physiological reserves where options of tendon transfer, superior capsular repair or arthroplasty might be unsuitable. We report the five-year outcomes of 26 patients who underwent balloon interpositional arthoplasty for the management of massive irreparable rotator cuff tears.

Methods:

Fifty-four consecutive patients underwent balloon interpositional arthroplasty in our institution. Of these, 26 patients completed at least two postoperative functional outcome measures over a five-year period, which included the Visual Analogue Score (VAS), Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) and the SF12 score. Outcome scores were obtained prospectively.

Results:

The average age at implantation was 67 years old. Our result shows statistically significant improvement in pain up to five years post-implantation of the device (p = 0.012). Function measured by the OSS and SF12 (PCS) score showed improvement up to two years post-implantation (p = 0.006). Three of the 54 patients in our cohort went on to have arthroplasty surgery for their rotator cuff tears. None of the patients in our cohort suffered from any adverse reactions following implantation.

Discussion/Conclusion:

Results from our study identify the spacer device as an option in the management of irreparable rotator cuff tears with statistical improvement in pain and function. It may also delay the need for arthoplasty surgery.
An Effective Mathematical Programming Model for Production Automatic Robot Path Planning
Authors: Fazlollahtabar Hamed
Published: March 2019

Objective:

Path planning for production robots has been investigated. The sequence of the orders to be processed in a certain planning horizon has been planned for the production system.

Methods:

Production automatic robots are employed to carry parts and products among all production stations and machining centers. The combination of machines in stations and autonomous robot evolves a production network.

Results:

The problem is to assign orders to robots so that paths are obtained to minimize total waiting times of production system and meanwhile provide collision-free paths.

Conclusion:

The proposed mathematical formulation is implemented to show the efficiency and effectiveness.
Desigualdad salarial y trabajo informal en regiones de México
Authors: Rodríguez Pérez Reyna Elizabeth , Castro Lugo David , Mendoza López Montserrat
Published: March 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la desigualdad salarial en el mercado laboral formal e informal en las regiones de México, a partir del grado de exposición a la apertura comercial para el periodo 2005-2016, utilizando datos de la Encuestas Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE). El índice de desigualdad de Theil y la metodología propuesta por DiNardo, Fortin y Lemieux (DFL) utilizados. Los resultados revelan que las regiones presentan diferentes niveles de desigualdad, siendo menor en la región de mayor exposición y durante el periodo de estudio la desigualdad se redujo en todas las regiones. La descomposición muestra que las disparidades intra grupo aumentaron. El análisis DFL indica la existencia de diferencias entre formales e informales a favor de los primeros en todas las regiones. El principal aporte del documento es el análisis de la desigualdad salarial considerando una regionalización por el grado de exposición a la apertura comercial y la comparación entre trabajadores formales e informales. Una de las limitaciones del documento es no incluir las observaciones que no registran ingreso y potencialmente puede modificar los resultados.
American Stage of Pitirim Sorokin’s Linguistic Biography
Authors: Sergieva Natalia S
Published: March 2019

The article discusses the features of the bilingualism of an eminent sociologist of the twentieth century Pitirim Sorokin in the American period of his life. The purpose of the study is to identify and explain the linguistic features of his scientific thinking in connection with the development of his scientific worldview. The study is based on the materials of Pitirim A. Sorokin Collection at the University of Saskatchewan (Canada). Archival manuscripts and research notes allow us to trace the process of changing the language and switching codes in the professional activities of Pitirim Sorokin after moving to the United States of America. It has been established that the use of a mixed metalanguage by Pitirim Sorokin can be considered as additional evidence of the continued connection with the Russian period of his life and scientific activity. Russian remained for him a tool of scientific thinking, planning and management.
Particle - a Small Lexical Unit or an Endless Scientific Project?
Authors: Markova Elena A
Published: March 2019

The article aims to explain the popularity of studying particles in present-day Russian and foreign linguistics. A comparative analysis of various approaches to the study of particles proved their importance in language structure, and the linguistic concept created by the Russian scientist and systemologist I. Melnikov allowed to define the internal determinant of the language using functional words, namely, particles, as one of the subsystem elements responsible for the stability of the supersystem and the whole system work. Due to different external and internal factors influencing on the development of the Russian and English languages, the formation of particles as a wordclass is different. Russian particles are recognized as a functional class because it is impossible to express the communicative content of the utterance, the attitude to the content without their participation, which determines the event determinant and the dynamic deployment of perception, whether language units acting as particles in the English language have polystatuting, depending on the semantic and syntactic environment, which characterises the occasional determinant and static, descriptive perception.
Le front d’Orient dans la grande guerre enjeux et stratégies
Authors: Mourélos Yannis
Published: March 2019

Le front d?Orient initialement ?tait con?u comme le moyen d?aider la Serbie a
r?sister ? l?attaque conjointe des forces austro-hongroises, allemandes et
bulgares. Or, apr?s que l?avanc?e bulgare avait rendu vains les efforts
alli?s, il fut maintenu pour assurer la pr?sence alli?e dans les Balkans. La
pr?sence des forces alli?es dans les Balkans, apr?s la prise de Monastir,
fut justifi?e par la pression sur la Gr?ce afin qu?elle se d?cide de se
joindre ? l?Entente. Seulement, apr?s que la Gr?ce avait rejoint les Alli?s
il fut possible d?envisager une offensive d?envergure, comme celle qui en
septembre et octobre 1918 obligea d?abord la Bulgarie et ensuite l?Empire
ottoman ? demander la fin des hostilit?s.
Conflicts over Dobruja during the Great War
Authors: Cain Daniel
Published: March 2019

A sensitive topic for decades (for ideological reasons), Dobruja is still a
challenge for many Romanian and Bulgarian historians. A peripheral and
hardly populated region, this territory lying between the Danube and the
Black Sea became the major source of dispute between Bucharest and Sofia at
the dawn of the last century. After 1878, legal history and statistics were
the pillars of the new identity of this former Ottoman territory di?vided
between Romania and Bulgaria, as a result of a decision made by the Great
Powers. In order to meet the specific requirements of young national states,
Dobruja underwent a colonisation process (whose intensity differed in the
two parts of the region). Ethnic diversity caused much concern, particularly
in the critical moments that endangered the relations between the two
neighbouring countries. The Balkan Wars represented the moment when the
Dobruja question officially emerged. Romania?s decision to annex South?ern
Dobruja would traumatise Bulgarian society, which would look forward to
retaliating. This moment occurred earlier than many Romanian politicians
expected. The spirit of revenge explains why the fighting on the Dobrujan
front was so intense in the autumn of 1916. Dobruja was the first province
of the Romanian Kingdom that fell under the Central Powers? occupation. The
documents stored in Romanian archives are too few to make it possible to
accurately reconstruct the history of this province during its military
occu?pation by the Central Powers. This is not an easy challenge: Romania,
Bulgaria, Russia, Serbia, Germany, Turkey and Austro-Hungary were in some
way involved in the events in Dobruja in the autumn of 1916.
La gestión estratégica en las mipymes del estado de Yucatán / The strategic management in the MSMEs of the state of Yucatán
Authors: Ojeda López Ruth Noemí , Mul Encalada Jennifer , Jiménez Diez Olivia
Published: March 2019

Las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (mipymes) en México contribuyen de manera significativa a la economía nacional a pesar de las diversas problemáticas que enfrentan en la actualidad, entre las que destacan la falta de planeación y estrategia. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la manera en que llevan a cabo la gestión estratégica las mipymes del estado de Yucatán. En este sentido, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y correlacional. Para la obtención de la información se aplicó de manera personal una encuesta a una muestra de 390 empresas; el procesamiento de la información se hizo con el software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Los resultados demuestran que la mayoría de las mipymes estudiadas no cuentan con una estrategia de negocios formal y conocida por las personas que deben ejecutarla.
Assessment of Antibiotic Prescription in Respiratory Tract Infection at Hera General Hospital in Makkah Almukarramah, KSA
Authors: B. Rafea , F. Alharbi , G. Alhazmi , L. Alahmadi , M. Almotiri , M. Alharthi , M. Alsulami , R. Alamri , R. Alkhallaf , R. Hettah , Y. Alhindi
Published: March 2019

Introduction: In general practice, approximately two-thirds of antibiotic prescriptions are for respiratory tract infections. Acute respiratory tract infections, which include acute uncomplicated bronchitis, pharyngitis, rhinosinusitis and the common cold, are often common reasons for acute outpatient visits to physicians and antibiotic prescriptions for adults. The improper treatment of acute respiratory tract infections is now an urgent public health threat, as it is an important contributor to antibiotic resistance. In developing countries, including Saudi Arabia, antibiotics are prescribed excessively and are often obtained without prescription. Aim: The aim of this study was to gather information on current antibiotic prescribing rates for respiratory tract infection in Hera General Hospital Makkah Almukarramah, Saudi Arabia. Method: A cross-sectional study, incorporating systematic sampling on clinical data from antibiotic prescriptions in hospitalised and emergency departments at Hera General Hospital, was conducted. From September 2017 to April 2018, approximately 500 prescriptions were collected from each hospitalised and emergency pharmacy for patients with respiratory tract infections. Results: The most prescribed antibiotics for respiratory tract infections came from the penicillin group and ciprofloxacin. The prescribing of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections was more prevalent amongst males than females. Potential over-prescribing of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections specially patients with otitis media especially in children without proper lab investigations.
Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi’ni Markalaştırmaya Ve Marka Kimliğini Oluşturmaya Yönelik Bir Çalışma
Authors: BAYRAM Bahadır Çağrı , ERSEN Nadir , AKYÜZ İlker
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışma
kapsamında Kastamonu Üniversitesi (K. Ü.) Orman Fakültesinin markalaştırılması
ve güçlü bir markanın sahip olacağı avantajlardan yararlanması
hedeflenmektedir. Markalaşmaya giden yolda ilk adımlardan birisi marka
kimliğinin oluşturulmasıdır. Dolayısıyla çalışmanın literatür kısmında markanın
önemine değinilerek orman fakültesinin marka olması halinde potansiyel
kazanımlarına vurgu yapılmıştır. Güçlü bir marka olmak için en başta etkili ve
gerçekçi bir marka kimliğinin oluşturulması gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda K. Ü.
Orman Fakültesinin ülkemizdeki mevcut durumu paydaşlarla gerçekleştirilen görüşmelerle
ve yapılan araştırmalar neticesinde ortaya konmuş olup, sonrasında fakülte
bünyesindeki ilgililerle yapılan anket çalışmalarıyla zihinlerinde var olan
marka algısı belirlenmiştir. Anket çalışmasında Aakerin marka kişiliği ölçeği
kullanılmış olup, değişkenler kapsamında oluşturulan gruplar için t-testi,
anova ve korelasyon analizi kullanılmış ve sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır. Neticesinde
ise; K. Ü. Orman Fakültesinin alanında güçlü bir kurumsal marka ve etkili bir
marka kimliğine sahip olması için yapılması gerekenler tespit edilmiş ve bu
doğrultuda bir strateji önerilmiştir böylelikle markalaşmaya giden yolda ilk
adımların atılmasına zemin hazırlanmıştır.
Factors affecting anaesthesia preferences of the gravid women who are to deliver by caesarean section
Authors: Helin Sahinturk , Cakar Sanem , Selvi Ozlem , Abbas Ali , Asuman Uysalel
Published: March 2019

Objectives: In recent years, a significant increase has been observed in the prevalence of caesarean sections (CS). Although as in many other countries, CS rates in Turkey are higher than the targeted rate. This increase in the prevalence of CS also affects obstetric anaesthesia. In this study, we investigate the choice of anaesthesia among pregnant women who are scheduled for CS, as well as general anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia rates, the reasons for choosing general anaesthesia or regional anaesthesia, and the factors that affect their choices. Methods: A questionnaire consisting of 20 questions were applied to pregnant women applying for delivery by elective caesarean operation, between November 2011 to November 2012, in order to study the anaesthesia technique they prefer and the reason behind their preferences. The questionnaire was applied to pregnant women during the visit, on the day before the operation or while they were waiting in the waiting room before the CS procedure. Results: Our study revealed that age, gravida, previous type of delivery, previous anaesthesia experience, employment status, monthly income level, educational status, being given information about anaesthesia in advance, the source of information, and being diagnosed with panic disorder were all found to be influential in the decision of which type of anaesthesia to opt for. Conclusion: We have found out that the reason why pregnant women who have higher educational status, who work and have high level of monthly-income prefer regional anaesthesia method more depends on the fact that they have more information on anaesthesia method, they have more common use of the internet and the information they obtain from the people around them is not prejudiced against regional anaesthesia method. We believe that as the education levels rise in the future and the patient population becomes more aware, which will direct them to do more research, their preference rates will change.
Epidemiology of overweight and obesity of traitors of the multimodal freight management office of the city province of Kinshasa
Authors: Kusuayi Mabele , Nkiama Ekisawa , Bongo Nzeloka , Christophe Delecluse , Lepira Bompeka
Published: March 2019

Objective: To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the workplace. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 210 workers of which 119 male (56.7%) and 91 female (43.3%) selected in a simple random manner in a company in the city of Kinshasa province between November 2013 to January 2014. Overweight was determined by workers with a body mass index between 25 and 29.9 kg/m2 and obesity by those with a body mass index 30 kg/m2 . Results: This study found a prevalence of 23.8% of overweight workers and 48.1% of workers suffering from obesity with predominance in women (65.5% in men vs. 80.2% in women, p < 0.014). The frequency of risk factors associated with obesity increased with the increase in weight status of BMI (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Obesity is a common pathology in the workplace and hypertension is the main modifiable risk factor. Sedentarity is the main determinant of overweight and obesity. Obesity is a public health problem in the workplace in the city of Kinshasa because of the command and collaboration frameworks are most affected.
Porcelain gallbladder: A case report
Authors: Ferhatoglu Ferhat , Kartal Abdulcabbar
Published: March 2019

Porcelain gallbladder is an extremely rare variant of chronic cholecystitis. Previous studies have shown that the incidence of gallbladder cancer has reached 60% in patients with porcelain gallbladder, but in more recent studies, this incidence has been proven to be around 6%. Therefore, surgical intervention is not recommended for every patient. Although laparoscopic surgery is the preferred method of treatment, It is recommended that open surgery should be preferred in some publications because of high complication rates and technical difficulties of laparoscopic approach.
The effect of the work meaning on organizational commitment
Authors: Lee Miae , Kim Min , Lee Byungkeol , Tak Jinkook
Published: March 2019

The study was designed to investigate the effects of employees’ work meaning on organizational commitment and the moderating effect of transformational leadership on the relationship between work meaning and organizational commitment. Data were collected from 1,000 employees via online survey. Results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that work meaning explained an additional 26.1% of variance in organizational commitment with controlling demographic variables. Also among three factors of work meaning, self-actualization was the most important factor in explaining organizational commitment, and was followed by making a living and social relationships in order. Transformational leadership was found to play a moderating role on the relationship between self-actualization work meaning and organizational commitment. The higher transformational leadership of leaders was, the stronger relationship between self-actualization and organizational commitment was. This study showed that organizational commitment is influenced by work meaning and leadership style, and interactions of the two variables. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for the future research were discussed.
Radiographic position of the mental foramen
Authors: Rothe Tushar Manohar
Published: March 2019

Background: The location of the mental foramen is important for dental surgeons. Variations in its locations can be a cause of complications during local anesthesia or surgical procedures which involving mandible. The usual location of the mental foramen in an Indian population has not been previously reported.Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the most common location of the mental foramen in an Indian population.Materials and Methods: 260 panoramic radiographs were evaluated with regard to the location and symmetry of the mental foramina in male and female subjects.Results: We found that the mental foramen was located between the first and second premolars in 20% , in line with the second premolar in 61%, between the second premolar and mesial root of first molar 3.8%, In the line of mesial root of first molar 5.3% and distal to mesial root of first molar 0.3%. It was symmetrical in 59 %.Conclusions: This study emphasis that the most common location of mental foramen is in the line of second premolar followed by between the two premolars. The clinician should asses the location of mental foramen before any surgical intervention involving mandible.
Chemical Induced Liver Injury: Types, Mechanisms and Biomarkers
Authors: Sachan 1 Richa , Singh 2 Rajbala
Published: March 2019

Liver is a primary organ involved in biotransformation of foods and drugs. Liver diseases are a major worldwide problem; Hepatic disorders are mainly caused by toxic chemicals, e.g. - alcohol, carbon tetra chloride, anticancer agent, analgesic, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-tuberculosis agent and heavy metals. Various risk factors for liver damage include age, gender, alcoholism, nutrition and genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 have also been considered. The present review enumerate various hepatic diseases, risk factors and chemicals induced hepatic injury via different mechanical pathway  as well as numerous biochemical changes viz. serum biomarkers, proteomics biomarkers, genomic biomarkers, metabolic biomarkers and micro RNA. This review could be immensely useful for researchers especially for pharmacologists, toxicologist working on hepatotoxicity and drug research organization.
Insurance Development and Economic Growth
Authors: Lee HuiShan
Published: March 2019

This study aims to investigate the effect of continent and initial GDP per capita level of a country on the relationship between insurance activities and economic growth. This study considers panel data consists of 123 countries from 1967 to 2014. Both static panel model and dynamic panel model are used to evaluate the effect of both continent and initial GDP per capita level of a country to the economic growth. The findings show significant causal relationship between insurance development and economic growth. However, the relationship is varied in different countries due to different initial income levels and locations. The effect of insurance development on economic growth of a country is indirect because it depends on the performance of the investment of insurers. Therefore, policymakers should consider their own country’s special characteristics when formulating a policy. Policymakers should clearly understand the nature of their insurance sector such as interconnectedness between financial sector and insurance sector, whether to promote insurance sector to grow their economy. By understanding the effect of continent and the initial GDP per capita level, policymakers could formulate and implement more effective policies on their country’s insurance sector to ensure the prosperity of the country’s economic growth.
A Comparative Study on the Ferrofluid Flow Models with Regards to the Behavior of A Ferrofluid Based Curved Rough Porous Circular Squeeze Film with Slip Velocity
Authors: Patel1 Jimit R , Deheri2 G M
Published: March 2019

This investigation plans to introduce a correlation among all the three magnetic fluid flow models (Neuringer-Rosensweig’s model, Shliomis’s model, Jenkins’s model) with regards to the conduct of a ferrofluid based curved rough porous circular squeeze film with slip velocity. The Beavers and Joseph's slip velocity has been invoked to assess the impact of slip velocity. Further, the stochastic model of Christensen and Tonder has been utilized to contemplate the impact of surface roughness. The load bearing capacity of the bearing system is found from the pressure distribution which is derived from the related stochastically averaged Reynolds type equation. The graphical portrayals guarantee that Shliomis model might be favoured for preparation of the bearing system with improved life period. However, for lower to moderate values of slip Neuringer-Rosensweig model might be considered. Morever, when the slip is at least the Jenkin's model might be deployed when the roughness is at reduced level.
Investigation of thermometrical optical characteristics influence on spectral thermometry metrological characteristics
Authors: Zhukov 1 Leonid , Petrenko 2 D. A. , Коrnienko 3 А. L.
Published: March 2019

The complex of investigations of optical characteristics of controlled objects and spectral symmetric-wave and two-colour compensating thermometry (SWT and TCCT) influence on their errors of method and instrumental errors is performed. Advantages of these new methods in the field of errors of method, in comparison with known spectral and also classical energy and spectral ratio thermometry are proved. It is established that right use of the SWT and the TCCT, which takes into account thermometrical conditions, allows to completely exclude methodical and instrumental components from the errors of optical temperature measurements. Spectral thermometry is based on remote quantitative determination of the spectral emissivity distributions of controlled objects. Using these distributions and well-known relationships between the spectral coefficients of emission, absorption, reflection and transmission we can determine macro-optical characteristics of these objects and remotely investigate them.
Acetonitrile as tops solvent for liquid chromatography and extraction
Authors: Rudakov Oleg Borisovich , Rudakova Liudmila V. , Selemenev Vladimir F.
Published: March 2019

This article deals with acetonitrile physico-chemical properties and its mixtures with water. It covers the information about isotherms of such parameters of the acetonitrile-water binary system as density, viscosity, permeation coefficient, refraction index, optic density, a boiling point isobar. Authors suggest a generalized criterion of acetonitrile polarity. The article also discusses means of polarity assessment and eluotropic strength of mobile phases on the basis of acetonitrile mixtures with water with application of generalized criteria. Special attention is paid to the options of acetonitrile application in various extraction methods of chromatographic sample preparation. The article also reveals advantages and problems of acetonitrile application as a mobile phase modifying agent in the HPLC reversed-phase and as a hydrophilic extra-agent in liquid-liquid extraction.
Land Use Change Detection and Prediction Using Markov-CA and Publishing on the Web with Platform Map Server, Case Study: Qom Metropolis, Iran
Authors: Pirnazar Mojtaba , Haghighi Nasrin , Azhand Donya , Ostad-Ali-Askari Dr. Kaveh , Eslamian Professor Saeid , R. Dalezios Professor Nicolas , P. Singh Professor Vijay
Published: March 2019

To achieve sustainable development, detailed planning, control and management of land cover changes that occurs naturally or by human caused artificial factors, is essential. Urban managers and planners need a tool that represents them the information accurate, fast and in exact time. In this study, land use changes of 3 periods 1994-2002, 2002-2009, 2009-2015 and predictions of 2009, 2015 and 2023 were assessed. In this paper, Maximum Likelihood method was used to classify the images, so that after evaluation of accuracy, amount of overall accuracy for images of 2013 was 85.55 % and its Kappa coefficient was 80.03%. To predict land use changes, Markov-CA model was used that after assessing the accuracy, the amount of overall accuracy for 2009 was 82.57% and for 2015 was 93.865%. ThenWebGis application was designed via map server application and evoked shape files through map file and open layers to browser environment and for design of appearance of website Css, HTML and JavaScript languages were used. HTML is responsible for creating the foundation and overall structure of webpage but beautify and layout design is on Css.
Particularities of Deformation Processes Solution with GIS Application for Mining Landscape Reclamation in East Slovakia
Authors: Vladimír1 SEDLÁK , Peter POLJAKOVIČ
Published: March 2019

Mining activity influence on the environment belongs to the most negative industrial influences. Mine subsidence on the surface can be a result of many deep underground mining activities. The presented study offers the theory to the specific case of the deformation vectors solution in a case of disruption of the data homogeneity of the geodetic network structure in the monitoring station during periodical measurements in mine subsidence. The theory was developed for the mine subsidence at the abandoned magnesite mine of Košice-Bankov near the city of Košice in East Slovakia. The outputs from the deformation survey were implemented into Geographical Information System (GIS) applications to a process of gradual reclamation of whole mining landscape in the magnesite mine vicinity. After completion of the mining operations and liquidation of the mine company it was necessary to determine the exact edges of the mine subsidence of Košice-Bankov with the zones of residual ground motion in order to implement a comprehensive reclamation of the devastated mining landscape. Requirement of knowledge about stability of the former mine subsidence was necessary for starting the reclamation work. Outputs from the presented specific solutions of the deformation vectors confirmed the multi-year stability of the mine subsidence in the area of interest. Some numerical and graphical results from the deformation vectors survey in the abandoned magnesite mine of Košice-Bankov are presented. The obtained results were transformed into GIS for the needs of the Municipality of the city of Košice to the implementation of the reclamation activities in the mining territoryof Košice-Bankov.
Predicting Fire Hazard Areas Using Vegetation Indexes, Case Study: Forests of Golestan Province, Iran
Authors: Karimi Akram , Abdollahi Sara , Ostad-Ali-Askari Dr. Kaveh , Eslamian Saeid , P. Singh Vijay
Published: March 2019

Every year, hundreds of fires occur in the forests and rangelands across the world and damage thousands hectare of trees, shrubs, and plants which cause environmental and economical damages. This study aims to establish a real time forest fire alert system for better forest management and monitoring in Golestan Province. In this study, in order to prepare fire hazard maps, the required layers were produced based on fire data in Golestan forests and MODIS sensor data.At first, the natural fire data was divided into two categories of training and test samples randomly. Then, the vegetation moisture stresses and greenness were considered using six indexes of NDVI, MSI, WDVI, OSAVI, GVMI and NDWI in natural fire area of training category on the day before fire occurrence and a long period of 15 years, and the risk threshold of the parameters was considered in addition to selecting the best spectral index of vegetation. Finally, the model output was validated for fire occurrences of the test category. The results showed the possibility of prediction of fire site before occurrence of fire with more than 80 percent accuracy.
Electroelastic biaxial compression of nanoplates considering piezoelectric effects
Authors: Malikan Mohammad
Published: March 2019

In the present theoretical work, it is assumed that a piezoelectric nanoplate is connected to the voltage meter which voltages have resulted from deformation of the plate due to in-plane compressive forces whether they are critical buckling loads or arbitrary forces. In order to derive governing equations, a simplified four-variable shear deformation plate theory has been employed using Hamilton’s principle and Von-Kármán assumptions. Modified couple stress theory has been applied to considering size-dependent effects in nano size. In order to compare the results, a validation has been done with the results of macroscopic. Results have been presented by changing some parameters, such as aspect ratio, various boundary conditions and length scale parameter influence on the produced voltage by the piezoelectric nanoplate. The most important outcomes show that an increase in length scale parameter leads to decreasing the produced voltage at constant in-plane arbitrary forces.
Temporal variation of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stock and concentration along land use, species and elevation gradient of chilimo dry afromonate forest and adjacent land uses, ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye 1 Mehari A. , Oviedo 2 Andres Bravo , Bravo 3 Felipe
Published: March 2019

Forests play a vital role in the natural global carbon cycle by capturing carbon from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and converting it into forest biomass. Forests sequester and stores more carbon than any terrestrial ecosystem and act as sources as well as sinks of CO2. However, the increasing rate of deforestation and the impact of changes in land use require a critical and updated look at what is happening in the tropics. This work emphasized the temporal variation of bulk density, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stock and concentration in four land-use categories: natural forest, tree plantations, crop-land and degraded soil along elevation gradient and soil depth. The study was conducted in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia, where deforestation and human pressure on native forests are exacerbated and erosion has caused extensive soil loss. We hypothesized that, there is temporal variation of C and N concentrations and stocks in native forest along elevation gradient, land use type, species and soil depth. Carbon and N concentrations and stock and bulk densities in mineral soil were analysed as repeated measures in an irregular vertical space ranging from 0–10 cm, 10–30 cm, 30–50 cm and 50–100 cm, using a linear mixed model approach in two-time scale period 2012 - 2017. Double observations in 2012 and 2017, were made from the forest floor were analysed by a general linear mixed model. There is significant variation in organic carbon and nitrogen stock along elevation gradient for forest floor. Results also indicated that soil depth is more important factor than elevation gradient in native forests, though C and N concentrations and stocks diminished near human settlements. Native forest stored on average more nitrogen than bare soil, cropland and plantations, respectively. Conversion of crop and degraded land into plantations ameliorated soil degradation conditions, but species selection did not affect carbon and nitrogen stocks. Thus, appropriate forest management options should be applied in order to increase productivity and carbon sink of Chilimo dryafromontane forest and adjacent land use. Temporal monitoring and reporting of carbon stock and concentration is also important to understand the role of Chilimo dryafromonate forest in climate change mitigation and adaptation agendas.
Time plots, trends and seasonal growth/ decay of Cr removal in vertical subsurface flow sewage treatment wetland
Authors: Defo 1 Celestin , Kaur 2 Ravinder
Published: March 2019

The present research work aimed at analysing the time series and estimation of seasonal growth/ decay of heavy metals dynamics in the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSSFCWs) planted with Typha, Phragmites, Vaccha, Arundo and Vetiver on gravel media. Monthly plant and wastewater samples were collected for 15 months from the VSSF CWs. Plant and water samples were pre-treated in the laboratory, digested using diacid and their heavy metal concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after filtration. The Main results indicated that the maximum uptakes of metals by plant occurred in summer while the minimum plant uptakes were recorded in winter, regardless of metal concentrations applied and the trends showed a slightly stable profile irrespectively to the level of concentration applied. For the adsorption processes of Cr in the media (gravel) of the constructed wetlands, it appeared that this process was not significantly changing as function of time, except for Cr 1.5 ppm.
An approach to the model for conservation of Central Mexico native grapevines
Authors: Sabás-Chavez Cecilia Carolina , Franco-Mora Omar , Castañeda-Vildózola Álvaro , Sánchez-Pale Jesús Ricardo , Cruz-Castillo Juan Guillermo
Published: March 2019

Several and diverse native populations of wild grapevines have been reported growing in the States of Puebla, Mexico and Morelos, Central Mexico. After collection, successfully rooted vines were planted in Zumpahuacán, State of Mexico, and since 2013, their fruit were analyzed, mainly in relation to berry-weight and sweetness. Recently, the seed oil content was analyzed. Most berries harvested in 2013, 2014 and 2015 weighted less than 1 g and only berries of accession Puebla-41 (P-41) weighted nearly 2.5 g. On the other hand, most berries had lower than 18°B. Four accessions, three native of Puebla and one from Morelos had the higher fruit production (2.5, 1.5 and 1.4; and 0.68 kg per plant) and might be the genetic material proposed to be planted in Zumpahuacán, Mexico. Seed oil analysis confirmed the presence of linoleic acid as the main fatty acid in Central Mexico wild grape seed oil. Nowadays, the extraction of seed oil in Central Mexico native grapes seems to be the better alternative to interest locals and agro-industrial related companies in conserving and cropping this plant genetic resource.
ASSESSMENT OF LONG TERM CLIMATIC VARIABILITY OF UTTARAKHAND
Authors: Kumar Sujeet , Suryavanshi Shakti
Published: March 2019

A trend analysis was performed for historic (1901-2002) climatic variables (Rainfall, Maximum Temperature and Minimum Temperature) of Uttarakhand State located in Northern India. In the serially independent climatic variables, Mann-Kendall test (MK test) was applied to the original sample data. However, in the serially correlated series, prewhitening is utilized before employing the MK test. The results of this study indicated a declining trend of rainfall in monsoon season for seven out of thirteen districts of Uttarakhand state. However, an increasing trend was observed in Haridwar and Udhamsingh Nagar districts for summer season rainfall. For maximum and minimum temperature, a few districts exhibited a declining trend in monsoon season whereas many districts exhibited an increasing trend in winter and summer season. Mountain dominated areas (as Uttarakhand state) are specific ecosystems, distinguished by their diversity, sensitivity and intricacy. Thus the variability of rainfall and temperature has a severe and rapid impact on mountainous ecosystems. Nevertheless, mountains have significant impacts on hydrology, which may further threaten populations living in the mountain areas as well as in adjacent, lowland regions.