bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an instrument for direct ozone production rate measurements: measurement reliability and current limitations
Authors: Sklaveniti Sofia , Locoge Nadine , Stevens Philip S. , Wood Ezra , Kundu Shuvashish , Dusanter Sébastien
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Ground-level ozone (O3) is an important pollutant that
affects both global climate change and regional air quality, with
the latter linked to detrimental effects on both human health and ecosystems.
Ozone is not directly emitted in the atmosphere but is formed from chemical
reactions involving volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen
oxides (NOx= NO + NO2) and sunlight. The photochemical
nature of ozone makes the implementation of reduction strategies challenging
and a good understanding of its formation chemistry is fundamental in order
to develop efficient strategies of ozone reduction from mitigation measures
of primary VOCs and NOx emissions. An instrument for direct measurements of ozone production rates (OPRs) was
developed and deployed in the field as part of the IRRONIC (Indiana Radical,
Reactivity and Ozone Production Intercomparison) field campaign. The OPR
instrument is based on the principle of the previously published MOPS
instrument (Measurement of Ozone Production Sensor) but using a different
sampling design made of quartz flow tubes and a different Ox (O3
and NO2) conversion–detection scheme composed of an O3-to-NO2
conversion unit and a cavity attenuated phase shift spectroscopy (CAPS) NO2 monitor.
Tests performed in the laboratory and in the field, together with model
simulations of the radical chemistry occurring inside the flow tubes, were
used to assess (i) the reliability of the measurement principle and (ii) potential biases associated with OPR measurements. This publication reports the first field measurements made using this
instrument to illustrate its performance. The results showed that a
photo-enhanced loss of ozone inside the sampling flow tubes disturbs the
measurements. This issue needs to be solved to be able to perform accurate
ambient measurements of ozone production rates with the instrument described
in this study. However, an attempt was made to investigate the OPR
sensitivity to NOx by adding NO inside the instrument. This type of
investigations allows checking whether our understanding of the turnover
point between NOx-limited and NOx-saturated regimes of ozone
production is well understood and does not require measuring ambient OPR but
instead only probing the change in ozone production when NO is added. During
IRRONIC, changes in ozone production rates ranging from the limit of
detection (3σ) of 6.2 ppbv h−1 up to 20 ppbv h−1 were
observed when 6 ppbv of NO was added into the flow tubes.
Rapid mineralization of biogenic volatile organic compounds in temperate and Arctic soils
Authors: Albers Christian Nyrop , Kramshøj Magnus , Rinnan Riikka
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are produced by all life forms. Their release into the atmosphere is important with regards to a number of physical and chemical processes and great effort has been put into determining sources and sinks of these compounds in recent years. Soil microbes as a possible sink for BVOCs in the atmosphere has been suggested, however, experimental evidence for this sink is scarce despite its potentially high importance to both carbon cycling and atmospheric concentrations of these gases. We therefore conducted a study with a number of commonly occurring BVOCs labelled with 14C and modified existing methods to study mineralization of these compounds to 14CO2 in four different top soils. Five of the six BVOCs were rapidly mineralized by microbes in all soils. However, great differences were observed with regards to speed of mineralization, extent of mineralization and variation between soil types. Methanol, benzaldehyde, acetophenone and the oxygenated monoterpene geraniol were mineralized within hours in all soils. The hydrocarbon monoterpene p-cymene was mineralized rapidly in soil from a coniferous forest but slower in soil from and adjacent beech stand while chloroform was mineralized slowly in all soils. From our study it is clear that soil microbes are able to degrade completely BVOCs released by aboveground vegetation as well as BVOCs released by soil microbes and plant roots. In addition to the possible atmospheric implications of this degradation the very fast mineralization rates are likely important in shaping the net BVOC emissions from soil and it is possible that BVOC formation and degradation may be an important but little recognized part of internal carbon cycling in soil.
The river absorption capacity determination as a tool to evaluate state of surface water
Authors: Wilk Paweł , Orlińska-Woźniak Paulina , Gębala Joanna
Published: February 2018

Abstract. In order to complete a thorough and systematic assessment of water quality, it
is useful to measure the absorption capacity of a river. Absorption capacity
is understood as a pollution load introduced into river water that will not
cause permanent and irreversible changes in the aquatic ecosystem and will
not cause a change in the classification of water quality in the river
profile. In order to implement the method, the Macromodel DNS/SWAT basin for
the Middle Warta pilot (central Poland) was used to simulate nutrient loads.
This enabled detailed analysis of water quality in each water body and the
assessment of the size of the absorption capacity parameter, which allows the determination of how much pollution can be added to the river without compromising
its quality class. Positive values of the calculated absorption capacity
parameter mean that it is assumed that the ecosystem is adjusted in such a way that it can eliminate pollution loads through a number of
self-purification processes. Negative values indicate that the load limit has
been exceeded, and too much pollution has been introduced into the ecosystem
for it to be able to deal with through the processes of self-purification.
Absorption capacity thus enables the connection of environmental standards of
water quality and water quality management plans in order to meet these
standards.
Inverted distribution of ductile deformation in the relatively “dry” middle crust across the Woodroffe Thrust, central Australia
Authors: Wex Sebastian , Mancktelow Neil S. , Hawemann Friedrich , Camacho Alfredo , Pennacchioni Giorgio
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Thrust fault systems typically distribute shear strain preferentially into the hanging wall rather than the footwall. In this paper, we present a regional-scale example that does not fit this model. The Woodroffe Thrust developed due to intracontinental shortening during the Petermann Orogeny (ca. 560–520 Ma) in central Australia. It is interpreted to be at least 600 km long in its general E-W strike direction, with an approximate top-to-north minimum relative displacement of 60–100 km. The associated mylonite zone is most broadly developed in the footwall. The immediate hanging wall was only marginally involved in mylonitization, as can be demonstrated from the contrasting thorium signatures of the upper amphibolite facies footwall and the granulite facies hanging wall protoliths. Thermal weakening cannot account for such an inverse deformation gradient, as syn-deformational P-T estimates for the Petermann Orogeny in the hanging wall and footwall from the same locality are very similar. The distribution of pseudotachylytes, which act as preferred nucleation sites for shear deformation, also cannot provide an explanation, since these are prevalent in the immediate hanging wall. The most likely reason for the inverted deformation gradient across the Woodroffe Thrust is water-assisted weakening due to the increased, but still limited, presence of aqueous fluids in the footwall. On the contrary, the presence or absence of aqueous fluids does not appear to be linked to the regional variation in mylonite thickness, which generally increases with increasing metamorphic grade.
The role of subtemperate slip in thermally-driven ice stream margin
migration
Authors: Haseloff Marianne , Schoof Christian , Gagliardini Olivier
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The amount of ice discharged by an ice stream depends on its width, and the widths of unconfined ice streams such as the Siple Coast ice streams in West Antarctica have been observed to evolve on decadal to centennial timescales. Thermally-driven widening of ice streams provides a mechanism for this observed variability through melting of the frozen beds of adjacent ice ridges. This widening is driven by the heat dissipation in the ice stream margin, where strain rates are high, and at the bed of the ice ridge, where subtemperate sliding is possible. The inflow of cold ice from the neighboring ice ridges impedes ice stream widening. Determining the migration rate of the margin requires resolving conductive and advective heat transfer processes on very small scales in the ice stream margin, and these processes cannot be resolved by large scale ice sheet models. Here, we exploit the thermal boundary layer structure in the ice stream margin to investigate how the migration rate depends on these different processes. We derive a parameterization of the migration rate in terms of parameters that can be estimated from observations or large scale model outputs, including the lateral shear stress in the ice stream margin, the ice thickness of the stream, the influx of ice from the ridge, and the bed temperature of the ice ridge. This parameterization will allow the incorporation of ice stream margin migration into large-scale ice sheet models.
Quantitative EEG and Live Z-Score Neurofeedback—Current Clinical and Scientific Context
Authors: Collura Thomas F.
Published: February 2018

This article discusses the relevance of quantitative EEG (QEEG) and live z-score training (LZT) to the field of mental health in general, and to neurofeedback in particular. We examine what practitioners might learn about clients when QEEG is used for assessment, and the relevance of LZT as a treatment modality. Clinicians can benefit from viewing the brain as a dynamic system, and this point of view can provide a foundation for QEEG and LZT. This approach emphasizes understanding the value of brain activation as a basis for observed symptoms and behaviors. Of paramount importance are localization and frequency information, as well as connectivity metrics. The brain can be viewed as a complex self-controlled system operating with various identifiable networks and frequencies that, when dysregulated, produce what we commonly refer to as “disorders.”
Spirituality and Gestalt: A Gestalt-Transpersonal Perspective
Authors: Williams Lynn,
Published: February 2018

Many people who have participated in Gestalt therapy and training often label their experiences as having been profound and spiritual in nature. Aspects of Gestalt therapy have been connected to a variety of religious and spiritual traditions. Literature and personal experience in Gestalt circles have provided testimony to connections between a Gestalt approach and spirituality. Integrating transpersonal perspectives may provide a comprehensive and clear outline of the connections between a Gestalt approach and spirituality, a definition of spirituality, and implications for spiritual development. This article explores Gestalt theory and transpersonal perspectives and principles, such as Ken Wilber's model of spirituality and spiritual development, Wilber's Big Three model; dialogical approach to relationship; and Jorge Ferrer's “participatory knowing,” to begin to outline a relational and interactive model of spirituality and spiritual experience. This Gestalt-transpersonal framework can illustrate more clearly how spirituality manifests itself in Gestalt therapy and in the therapeutic relationship. This approach also emphasizes using the relational field as the basis for higher spiritual development in both the client and the therapist.
A Survey of the Practice of Gestalt Group Therapy: A Second Encore Presentation
Authors: Feder Bud, , Frew Jon E.,
Published: February 2018

The authors surveyed 101 Gestalt therapists about their practice patterns in leading groups from a Gestalt perspective, including therapy, training, supervision, organizational development, and educational groups. The survey revealed that the group continues to be a popular and important modality among Gestalt therapists, particularly in conducting therapy, training, and supervision activities. The practice demographics of those types of groups, including numbers of participants, frequency, and duration, have not changed significantly in the past 30 years. Therapy group leaders in 2002 however, are relying on a blend of approaches that draw on intrapersonal, interpersonal, and systems level interventions. The shift away from an exclusive or predominant “hot seat” approach, popular in the 1960s and 1970s, continues. Finally, survey respondents indicated that “group support” was the most important curative factor in current Gestalt therapy groups.
Sales and Gestalt: Our Alienated Fragment
Authors: Palmer William
Published: February 2018

Alienated fragments interfere with healthy function by limiting choices or driving habitually unsatisfying behavior. We may see this phenomenon occur in our clinical or organizational practices or within ourselves on various issues. However, when it comes to the business side of Gestalt, we may fail to notice the alienated fragments that influence our behavior with respect to marketing and selling. This article suggests that this prevents us from supporting our own efforts to market and sell our own clinical or organizational practices. The author proposes some reasons that these alienated fragments may exist and, using Gestalt theory as a guide, suggests some ways to come to terms with them.
Supervising the Revisited Fritz Perls: Reflecting on “Real Gestalt”
Authors: Wyman Lester, , Cohen Arie,
Published: February 2018

This paper demonstrates an approach to supervisory debriefing with therapists based on a clinical session held by Fritz Perls that was previously reported by S. S. Rosenberg and J. E. Lynch in this journal. The foundations of this approach are based on a practice model favored by the authors, and includes the theoretical ground for intervention; values and principles of practice, methods and techniques; and level of system to which an intervention is directed.
Toward a Concept of Prenatal Self in Gestalt Therapy
Authors: Righetti Pier Luigi , Mione Maria
Published: February 2018

Starting with Salonia's synoptic study (1989) on children's development from 0 to 3 years of age, this article proposes an analysis of intrauterine development based on contact experience. Pregnancy is a part of any individual's life. It is a part of the first human experience, and an important period for the physiological development of our bodies, but it is important for the birth and development of psychological experience, too. It is at that moment we realize that the exciting experience of continuing to talk about children has just begun.
Gestalt Therapy and the Concretization of Nietzsche's Metaphor
Authors: Smith Edward W. L.,
Published: February 2018

Following a brief acknowledgement of the widespread influence of Nietzsche's philosophy on psychotherapy, I make a specific case for a strong influence on Gestalt therapy. In presenting this case, I focus on Nietzsche's elaborate use of an eating metaphor in his diatribe against those who have not learned to discriminate from the subjective position of “I.” Suggesting that Perls was influenced by Nietzsche's metaphor, I examine his explication of the hunger instinct, aggression, and his model of “psycho-dental stages of development.” I suggest that the metaphorical approach of Nietzsche and the scholarly essay approach of Perls enhance one another, leading to greater understanding when taken together.
Existential Explosion and Gestalt Therapy for Gay Male Survivors of Domestic Violence
Authors: Kondas Dorian,
Published: February 2018

Gestalt approaches to gay male domestic violence survivors may better address gay-related concerns and attend to deep, unresolved issues that may remain neglected in other therapies. It is demonstrated that Gestalt therapy is highly appropriate for battered gay men and that the dynamics of explosion as understood in Gestalt are pivotal, existentially and therapeutically, in the case study presented. Clinical results of the study suggest that cathartic release of emotion, even in its dramatic expression, need not be feared as a source of retraumatization, but may be healing of trauma provided that the client remains in contact with the therapist throughout the explosive process. A seven-stage clinical model of explosion and implosion is proposed based on treatment outcomes in the case presented.
Dynamic Co-Presencing: A Creative Approach to the Gestalt of Curiosity
Authors: Williams Lynn , Plagens Cameron
Published: February 2018

This article describes a creative, relational process we call Dynamic Co-Presencing. It is an integration of Otto Scharmer's (2007) U Process and Gordon Wheeler's (2003) experimental zone; combining these two theories provides a snapshot of the infrastructure of both the inner and outer worlds, and how these worlds meet and co-evolve individually and collectively through the “zone of creativity” and the sacred “space between.” We explore the phases of the Dynamic Co-presencing Field and the interrelationship of the 7 U processes or “cycles” of creativity that emerged. Through our model and its applications, we demonstrate how this approach can create a sacred space for Divine intimacy and for our hearts to open to the wonder, zest, and newness in the Life process both within ourselves and within each other.
Commentary II: Applying Gestalt Theory to Coaching
Authors: Walk Mary Anne
Published: February 2018

I have coached executives and teams for more than 20 years. The Gestalt Cycle of Experience was introduced to me in 1993. As I incorporated the theory into my coaching practice, I found that it helped create common language between my clients and myself. This model has supported me as a Master Coach, while also supporting my clients to understand better how change moves through a continuum, and how resistance is present at every point.

This commentary will further explore the observations made by Stuart N. Simon in his article, “Applying Gestalt Theory to Coaching.” Simon has chosen to write about awareness and contact as two of the critical areas of the Cycle of Experience as it relates to coaching. To explore coaching as it relates to the Cycle of Experience is interesting; as a client builds energy to move through the Cycle of Experience, they also build energy to move through the Cycle of Coaching.
Commentary III: Applying Gestalt Theory to Coaching
Authors: Gillie Marion
Published: February 2018

In his paper, Stuart N. Simon describes the evolution of the “profession” of coaching over the last decade or so, and the relatively recent interest in the application of Gestalt theory to coaching. In this Commentary, I want first to support Simon's assertion that “Gestalt theory easily lends itself to offering a significant contribution to the field of professional coaching” by drawing links with research and writing of other coaches who do not have a Gestalt background. Second, I want to explore a question raised by Simon but not answered: “What is the difference between coaching and therapy?” particularly in the context of executive coaching where the work takes place within the organisational context.
Making Contact with the Self-Injurious Adolescent: Borderline Personality Disorder, Gestalt Therapy, and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Interventions
Authors: Williams Lynn
Published: February 2018

Gestalt therapists who work with children and adolescents will inevitably encounter clients who present self-injurious behaviors. This article provides a combined Gestalt and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy theoretical basis for understanding and intervening with these challenging individuals. In this model, core Gestalt theoretical ideas overlap with a select group of DBT principles, which include awareness, mindfulness, sensory body experience, emotion regulation, acceptance, and the client/therapist relationship as agents of change. These principles can be integrated to create a holistic and effective approach with related interventions for treating self-injurious adolescents. Gestalt therapists can use these integrated interventions as “awareness tools” to promote the developmental process and encourage maximum growth of the client through increased awareness of themselves and their contact processes, and through improved self-regulation skills.
Toward a Developmental Perspective in Gestalt Therapy Theory and Practice: The Polyphonic Development of Domains
Authors: Lobb Margherita Spagnuolo
Published: February 2018

To answer the question, “What developmental theory is coherent for a Gestalt therapist?” the author states that, as clinicians, Gestalt therapists are not interested in a theory of development in itself, but in a “developmental mind” (a map to understand how the past reveals itself in the present) that can help them intuit both the evolution of contact modes in clients and their interrupted movement – the blocked intentionality for contact that calls to be freed in the present moment. She presents a model to observe how the resources of our clients have either kept their freshness or have become dormant.

As a key theme in this work, the author proposes the concept of polyphonic development of domains, a suitable way of looking at the client's development in the here-and-now of the session, in order to support the excitement for contact which has lost its spontaneity in development. She describes Gestalt domains, with their characteristics and risks. Finally, she illustrates these concepts with a clinical example.
Commentary III. Finding the Line: Resolving Dialectical Tensions in Developmental and Gestalt Therapy Theory
Authors: Mortola Peter
Published: February 2018

In this response to Margherita Spagnuolo Lobb's article, I address three of the domains described and highlight them as dialectical tensions that must be resolved in an ongoing process of healthy development. I work to tie these dialectical domains from Gestalt theory into the larger theme from developmental theory, regarding the way in which we grow through such healthy resolution of the dialectical tensions we face.
What's a Gestalt?
Authors: Sabar Stephanie
Published: February 2018

“What's a Gestalt?” “What does ‘Gestalt’ mean?” Why is it called “Gestalt therapy?” When pressed to answer one of these questions, we often find ourselves tongue-tied, unable to give a simple explanation. There is good reason for that, as there is none. I have explored the history of this concept, tracing its etymology, its development in Gestalt philosophy and Gestalt psychology, and finally its application to clinical practice in Gestalt therapy. I could not give a simple definition and had to describe it in terms of nine different Gestalt qualities. These characteristics, when illustrated by concrete examples, can suddenly bring us to a realization of what this word really means.
Coaching and Therapy: Finding Common Ground in Gestalt Practice
Authors: Rutkowski Nancy
Published: February 2018

The same foundational principles—phenomenology and “The Paradoxical Theory of Change”—underlie Gestalt practice and give rise to common ground, whether the practitioner is a coach or a therapist. The distinctions often made between the two professions are further attenuated when either coach or therapist adopts a fundamental tenet of the Gestalt International Study Center's (GISC) Cape Cod Model©—a focus on the “well-developed.” This article explores common ground shared by these practitioners and challenges the easy distinctions often made between the two professions.
“Schizophrenia” Part I: A Gestalt Analysis and Critique of Genetic Variables
Authors: Burley Todd , Kuehfuss Kristy , Barrera Kyrstle , Grattan Jennifer , Sickler John , Beck Henry , Goldsmith Stephanie
Published: February 2018

Schizophrenia is an enigmatic diagnosis, and the etiology of the illness is not well understood. A large body of research has investigated the genetic factors underlying schizophrenia in hope of a genotype-based etiological explanation for the schizophrenic phenotype. This first article in a five-part series reviews and explores the current and historical genetic research on the diagnosis, and questions the assumption that genetic variables hold the explanatory key for unlocking the development of the disorder. The authors of this article posit that the Gestalt therapy treatment model is an effective treatment, given the disparate factors contributing to the clinical presentation.
The Question of Anger: On Frank and Barbara Staemmler's Critique of Perls
Authors: Skovgaard Ruth , Winther-Jensen Lise
Published: February 2018

This article opens with a discussion of Frank and Barbara Staemmler's (2009) critique of Fritz Perls's understanding of anger. It repeats the most important conclusions of that critique before elaborating upon it and disagreeing with Staemmler and Staemmler's understanding of anger as being mainly destructive. The healing potential of conscious anger mainly in relation to boundary marking is emphasized, together with the understanding of anger as an important factor in psychological development. Finally, the article offers a broad theoretical discussion of anger, a consideration of therapeutic practice, and a literary description of anger and of relational practice in general.
Sustainability in a Fragile Ecological Era: A Gestalt Therapist's Response
Authors: Desmond Billy
Published: February 2018

This article provides a Gestalt therapist's perspective on the ways we can understand individuals' responses to the current ecological crisis and the challenge of sustainability. Some of the underlying assumptions that appear to shape our creative adjustments are insufficient in and of themselves. The author develops aspects of Gestalt therapy theory's radical epistemology, elicited by field theory and the wisdom of the body, as an alternative to the prevailing rationalised and reasoned view that has informed current responses. Hope is maintained that our Gestalt therapy practice may foster novel responses that sustain and nourish our planet and all who inhabit her by: (1) extending the field to include a wider ecology of relational interactions; (2) moving from configuring our ecological problem as a crisis to one of supporting creativity; (3) attending to our sensorial, animating intersubjective bodies rooted in a relational field; (4) fostering a practice of radical inclusion.
The Phenomenological Method in Husserl and in Gestalt Therapy
Authors: Crocker Sylvia Fleming
Published: February 2018

There is some confusion among many Gestalt therapists as to the nature of the phenomenological method. The purpose of this essay is to take a fresh look at Edmund Husserl's (1859–1938) mature understanding of his method, and to show that the method Gestalt therapists actually use in working with clients—in contrast to how it is often discussed in Gestalt circles—is a fairly pure application of it. The difference is that, while Husserl was in search of pure universal essences for the sake of knowledge itself, a Gestalt therapist seeks an increasingly exquisite understanding of the living of a unique and singular individual person, and does so in the service of human change.
Bereavement, Grief, and Mourning: A Gestalt Perspective
Authors: Sabar Stephanie
Published: February 2018

Loss and bereavement are inevitable parts of life. Grief and mourning are the ways we have of expressing and assimilating these experiences. Many aspects of Gestalt therapy are well suited to working through the mourning process. In this paper the tasks of mourning are defined, and the Gestalt approach is compared with traditional bereavement counseling to see where and how they can be integrated and in what ways they may be different. Illustrative examples are drawn from current and past historical periods, cross-cultural customs and rituals, and the author's experience as a social worker working with people with HIV/AIDS, the elderly, hospice patients, and their families.
Generational Conflict: A New Paradigm for Teams of the 21st Century
Authors: Karp H. B. , Sirias Danilo
Published: February 2018

Recent literature has been pointing to the fact that, in the workplace, there has been a growing state of tension and conflict between the Baby Boomers, those between 55 and 37 years of age, and Generation X, those between 36 and 18 years of age. A study was conducted to see if there were any significant differences between the Boomers and the Xers in the extent to which they valued teams. The study yielded the unexpected result that the Xers were significantly more team-oriented than were the Boomers. A second study was immediately undertaken to see whether there were any significant differences in terms of individualism versus collectivism between the generations. The second study showed that the Xers were significantly more individualistic than the Boomers. The combined finding from both studies (i.e., that Generation X is significantly more team-oriented and more individualistic than the Baby Boomers suggests that team building is as important as ever but must be conducted under a different paradigm.

Major differences between the two generations are presented, as well as a comparison of two polar models for team development. The Traditional model, which is supportive of Boomer values, is presented and contrasted to the Authentic model, which originates in the Gestalt theory base and is more closely associated with the Xers' values, as suggested by the research. Ten suggestions are presented for working with teams that include Generation Xers.
Gestalt Therapy and the Phenomenological Method
Authors: Riet Vernon van de
Published: February 2018

In the last several years Gestalt therapists have been arguing about the value of the phenomenological method in the practice of psychotherapy. Some question its validity, believing that it is so flawed that it should be abandoned as a psychotherapeutic method. This article spells out what the method is, advocates its use, and explores its limitations. The article clarifies how the phenomenological method serves the therapy process and what the therapist needs to know and understand about it to maximize its value.
The Development of One's Personality and Creativity Through a Two-Year Course: A Commentary
Authors: Deseyn Stiene
Published: February 2018

This article describes how an artistic perspective is employed to teach creativity in a two-year course on personal education and creativity. The focus is on the group and the indivdiual, as well as on the adapted use of artistic assignments. I also draw attention to the development of different Gestalt trainers each with his or her specific skills within the artistic field. I end by describing how these methods can be applied to work within organizations.
Theory Development: Chronic Sorrow and the Gestalt Construct of Closure
Authors: Roos Susan
Published: February 2018

Persons who are affected by chronic sorrow face unique, ongoing challenges throughout their lives. Their grief responses are pervasive, profound, chronic, and recurring. Moreover, the source of the loss demands significant adaptations, and the constancy of its effects operates to maintain the loss as figural. At the heart of chronic sorrow is a painful discrepancy between reality and the fantasy of what could have been and should be. Even when the loss is part of the ground, it taints virtually all that is figural. In this article, I describe some of the salient aspects of chronic sorrow within the framework of its resistance to amelioration through closure and completion. I present ongoing assessment considerations regarding the role and impact of the fantasy, and I suggest some preconditions for therapeutic work directed toward releasing or “downsizing” the fantasy when the timing is right. I include a brief case example. My hope is to acquaint a Gestalt readership with the concept of chronic sorrow, to stimulate interest in its implications for therapy (especially related to the fantasy), and to foster further development of theory regarding unfinished business and the construct of closure.
The Lost Role of Dependency in Psychotherapy
Authors: Weiss Avrum Geurin
Published: February 2018

This article critiques prevalent cultural understandings of dependency, and attempts to present a more rounded, de-pathologized conception of the experience of dependency in psychotherapy. Dependency is conceptualized as a developmental process, with the capacity for independence resting on the achievement of a “mature dependency.” Excessive self-reliance is taken up as the counter-part to problematic dependency. A case study is presented in which the therapist initially varies the therapeutic frame to help the patient to develop a greater capacity to tolerate interpersonal dependency, and later implements a more traditional therapeutic structure.
A Gestalt of Literature: Poetry as Illuminated by the Layers Theory and the Contact Cycle
Authors: Friedman Norman
Published: February 2018

This article seeks to show one kind of relationship between Gestalt therapy theory and the organization of poems, with a view to enriching our experience and understanding of both. Specifically, it purports to relate the process of particular poems to the contact cycle as developed in Perls, Hefferline, and Goodman and to the layers theory as developed in GTV. It then applies these concepts to five individual poems as a way of reading, analyzing, and understanding the kinds of psychological actions they represent. And the hope is that this analysis will enable the Gestalt concepts to be appreciated more concretely and deeply as well.
The Limited Too Tween Self-Esteem Project: An Interview with Michael Rayden and Norman Shub
Authors: Hoover Sara
Published: February 2018

The following is an edited interview with Norman Shub, clinical director of the Gestalt Institute of Central Ohio; and Michael Rayden, CEO of the Limited Too. Norman and Mike recently joined forces in helping girls ages 9 through 12 strengthen their self-esteem. The purposes of this interview are to present and explain the project to the Gestalt community, help heighten awareness of the project within the Gestalt community for individuals who want to participate, and to get to know the individuals who are behind the endeavor.
A Gestalt Perspective of Crisis Debriefing: Working in the Here and Now When the Here and Now is Unbearable
Authors: Bauer Ann L , Toman Sarah
Published: February 2018

Recent world events have created an urgent need to respond to those who have experienced and survived traumatic events. The group crisis response protocol created by NOVA contains many comparison points to Gestalt concepts. This article compares the three question sets of the NOVA protocol with the Gestalt contact cycle and use of dialogue to facilitate the creation of narrative. Surviving traumatic events leads to figural changes and new gestalts. The intent of this article is to form a theoretical connection between two fields, crisis response and Gestalt therapy, in order to support the healing work being done in the aftermath of recent world tragedies.
Lewinian Field Theory, Adolescent Development, and Psychotherapy
Authors: McConville Mark
Published: February 2018

The project of charting a Gestalt developmental–clinical model began with the work of Kurt Lewin more than sixty years ago. In particular, Lewin understood that development is not simply a matter of the individual acquiring new potential and abilities over time, but of the evolving reorganization of the organism–environment field, or “life space.” In Lewin's framework, McConville's (1995) model of emergent and evolving adolescent contact process finds a more solidly grounded theoretical base, and points more clearly to a philosophy and method of clinical intervention. This is illustrated in two brief case histories that are somewhat contrasting in nature, but they demonstrate that psychotherapeutic work—even work with individuals—needs to address the wider field of the adolescent's development.
Gestalt at Work: A Gestalt Organization and Systems Dynamics Case Study
Authors: Gaffney Seán
Published: February 2018

This article will combine a case study approach with reflections on the application of theory in an organizational consultancy from a Gestalt perspective. As the work developed, my reflections on Gestalt theory increasingly informed the work and also my understanding of the theory.
Patricia Castillo-Bellido: Pintura sensitiva y altamente intuitiva
Authors: Vadeavellano Marcela
Published: February 2018

La artista nicaragüense Patricia Castillo-Bellido, inicia cada pintura observando el mundo y dejándose llevar por las funciones inferiores de las que hablaba Carl Gustav Jung, que no son inferiores por falta de importancia, sino porque la cultura racional sólo vive con las funciones superiores, sentimiento y pensamiento, pero las inferiores, son las del arte abstracto, que son intuitivas y sensitivas, capaces de captar del mundo su espíritu, no su imagen.
Práticas de rádio na escola Louis Braille: a Educomunicação no contexto da Inclusão
Authors: Negrini Michele , Ribeiro Marislei , Ribeiro Alexia Ferreira , Patines Larissa , Garcia Matheus Fontoura
Published: February 2018

O foco deste trabalho é a reflexão sobre as atividades desenvolvidas no projeto de extensão “Inclusão Digital e Promoção dos Direitos Sociais – Utilização da WebRádio e WebTV para criar um ambiente interativo entre universidade e sociedade”, desenvolvido por docentes e alunos do curso de Jornalismo da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. O projeto é voltado a perspectivas de inclusão e de promoção de direitos sociais. No caso particular,  está sendo construído um programa de Rádio na escola Louis Braille, enquanto estratégia de comunicação participativa e educativa. Outro aspecto que merece atenção se refere ao fato de que os programas são definidos e apresentados pelos alunos da escola, com o apoio dos discentes e bolsistas do projeto. Diante disso, pode-se observar até o momento nesta pesquisa que as experiências radiofônicas, enquanto processo de comunicação, vem atraindo mais os jovens, com deficiência visual, proporcionando autonomia escolar, aprendizagem significativa, convivência democrática e inclusiva.
Editorial
Authors: Machado Jr. Cláudio De Sá , Orlando Evelyn De Almeida
Published: February 2018

Revista de História e Historiografia da Educaçãov. 2, n. 4 / 2018
Integrity and confidentiality three-level protection of the transmitted data in the industrial network
Authors: Bednarek Marcin , Dąbrowski Tadeusz
Published: February 2018

Mini-DCS containing process stations, operator stations, and engineering stations are considered in the paper. Process stations provide the control of the process. Operator stations are designed to process visualization, as well as to the operator interaction. Configuration of the system and supervision of the communication process are carried out at the engineering stations. Between the stations of the system, the process data are transmitted. The fitness of the control process depends on correct transmission of the data with process values. Anti-destructive processes are responsible for the correctness of the received data. Fitness of the communication system determines the fitness of the entire control system. The article contains considerations relating to dependency of integrity and confidentiality of the transmitted data on the level of fitness of communication system connecting the stations. Keywords: fitness, integrity, confidentiality
THE USE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY FOR MILITARY AND CIVILIAN PURPOSES SAFETY IN THE NUCLEAR POWER INDUSTRY
Authors: JÓŹWIK Roman
Published: February 2018

The purpose of the article was to gather the basic information about the mechanism be-hind nuclear energy formation and the types of reactors, already built worldwide or poten-tially planned for construction in the near future, and to present the history of the begin-nings of nuclear power in Poland. The issues of the safety of reactors, independent safety assurance systems and systems for emergency shutdown of a reactor are discussed in more detail. The problem of responsibility for the safety of nuclear equipment is also ex-amined, including the relevant authority and method for such safety inspection. The initia-tives taken in Poland in connection with the programme for the nuclear power industry are also described.
The visualization of a mountain using 3D printing
Authors: Wabiński Jakub , Kuźma Marta
Published: February 2018

Flat studies showing terrain (e.g. in form of maps) do not fully reflect its nature. Planning or design projects are definitely better represented in three-dimensional space. Previously used “sand tables”, especially popular in military applications, are expensive and uncomfortable to use due to their large size. In addition, they are modifiable only to a small extent and do not provide such accuracy as traditional maps. With the development of modern model relief techniques, a spectrum of the possibilities for development of customized spatial models (defined as models of the surrounding reality, mapped in the appropriate scale in three dimensions), has increased. The aim of this article is to present the possibilities of using 3D printing for the visualization of a mountain. Based on the digital terrain model (DTM), a model of a part of the Tatra Mountains was developed. It was established by DTM data processing and printing on a 3D printer using the FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) technology. This article describes the principles for developing such a model and the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed solution. Keywords: cartography, digital terrain model, sand table, FDM technology
Diagnosis of technical parameters of amplifiers used in sound warning systems
Authors: Paś Jacek
Published: February 2018

The article presents a method of diagnosing the technical conditions of a power amplifier which is used in a sound warning system (SWS). Fire Alarm Systems (FAS) and SWSs are electronic safety systems designed to protect life and health. The FAS is used for effective fire detection, while life-threatening SWSs provide efficient communication of emergency information and evacuation routes via voice. The article presents the problem of diagnosing the technical condition of power amplifiers, which are the essential elements of SWSs. Power amplifiers provide a certain level of undistorted audio (alarm messages) to the speaker set that is arranged in a building supervised by FAS. Keywords: amplifier, audible warning system, working parameters
SAFETY IN TRANSPORT OF PERSONS AND GOODS IN POLAND
Authors: SMAL Tomasz , MALINOWSKI Robert
Published: February 2018

The problem of road safety is an important problem that accompanies mankind from the very beginning of the development of communication. Based on the statistics, the article presents the analysis of road traffic safety in our country over the past few years and shows how it shapes compared to other European Union countries. The main reasons, which lie behind the situation, are also identified as well as the ways and directions of actions that are taken to minimize the effects of road accidents. The pace of reduction of the number of fatalities and injured on Polish roads is still unsatisfactory and therefore far-reaching measures to counteract such a situation have to be taken. These steps are based on normative provisions and long-term actions supported by the media and various types of advertising campaigns. The article also presents the issues related to the road transport of dangerous goods, which, due to the specific nature of the cargo carried, is subjected to special treatment and governed by international regulations and arrangements under the ADR Agreement.
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS ACCORDING TO LATVIAN BUILDING REGULATIONS
Authors: VILNITIS Martins
Published: February 2018

Building regulations are still different in many European countries even the European Union directives did unify many acts for construction works and construction products in the member countries. The scheme of the construction process organized as per the Latvian building regulations are presented and commented in the paper. In particular, duties and responsibilities, as far as formally required qualifications of all engineers officially registered for the given construction process, will be shown.
Sztuka jako najbardziej elementarne definiowanie świata oraz własnego doświadczenia
Authors: Malicka Małgorzata
Published: February 2018

The most basic understanding of the world has always had an aesthetic character, which also
means non-discursive character. For that reason, over the centuries artistic creation constituted
a significant instrument in broadening the horizons of human consciousness, and as
a result contributed to shaping the entire human culture. Similarly, spontaneous expression
of personal experience has presentational forms which can be identifiable, memorised and
included in sequential experiences of one’s personal history.
An Inquiry on the Social and Education Status of Women from Northern Cameroon Suffering Cervical Cancer and the State of Knowledge of their Disease
Authors: Nwabo Kamdje Armel Herve , Kalgong Georges , Tagne Richard Simo , Amvene Jeremie Mbo , Nangue Charlette
Published: February 2018

Background: Cervical cancer is a major cause of women death worldwide. The reduction of the mortality and morbidity of this pathology depends on the early detection based on powerful suitable screening methods, that will lead to optimal treatment strategies. However in some rural region of developing countries, it is very difficult to get access to standard screening methods, alternative screening methods, cheaper and easy to handle are then useful.

Objective: The aim of this work was to test the sensitivity and specificity of VIA (Visual inspection with acetic acid) and VILI (Visual inspection with lugol iodine) as screening test of cervical cancer compared to the Pap Smear, evaluating the feasibility in health formation in the North Cameroon region, of implementing epidemiological surveillance of cervical cancer based on early diagnosis using the VIA-VILI association

Method: 309 women age 20 to 62 years were recruited in this study, 307 were included in the statistical analyzes. Each woman was screened for cervical cancer by a conventional Smear and visual inspection with acetic acid 5% and the lugol solution.

Results: We found in our study a prevalence of precancerous lesions of cervix at 12.70%. The risks factors of cervical cancer identified are age, matrimonial status, age of first sexual intercourse and parity. The association of VIA and VILI showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value respectively about 93.58%; 97.01%; 82.01%, 99.04%.

Conclusion: Compared to PAP Smear, VIA or VILI could be used as an alternative screening methods for cervical cancer in developing countries. However, histology test was recommended to use a « Gold Standard » to evaluate the test accuracy of VIA/VILI because it can be used to diagnose cancer, while PAP smear cannot.
Twice Operations for Parotid Metastasis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patient after Radical Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy: A Case Report
Authors: Guangmou Tan  , Weiquan Chen  , Xiaojun Tan  , Haiyan Huang  , Ke Liu  , Hong Yang
Published: February 2018

The surgery treatment of parotid metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after parotid-gland-sparing IMRT is rare report. We present such a case of NPC patient cT2N2M0 with parotid lymph node metastasis after parotid-gland-sparing IMRT patient who accepted the second operation after the first failure parotid section. This case reminded us that neck dissection added the whole parotid gland resection may be an appropriate method to treat this type of patients.