bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efek Moderasi Strategi Organisasi Pada Pengaruh Competitive Environment dan Sistem Akuntansi Manajemen Terhadap Kinerja Organisasi (Studi Pada UKM di Kabupaten Wonosobo)
Authors: Mahfud Yusqi
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melakukan pengujian terhadap efek moderasi variabel strategi organisasi pada pengaruh competitive environment dan sistem akuntansi manajemen terhadap kinerja organisasi di UKM.. Data diperoleh dari survei cross-sectional yang diperoleh dari 100 UKM di Kabupaten Wonosobo. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan model persamaan struktural (PLS-SEM).Untuk menguji hipotesis dengan prosedur bootstrap. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa competitive environment akan meningkatkan kinerja organisasi. sistem akuntansi manajemen mempunyai pengaruh positif terhadap kinerja organisasi. strategi organisasi tidak mampu memoderasi pada hubungan competitive environment dan sistem akuntansi manajemen dengan kinerja organisasi.
EVALUATION OF ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA PATIENTS REPORTED IN COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER, CHENANI
Authors: Gupta Sucheta , Jamwal Padam Singh
Published: February 2021

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media or CSOM is characterized by recurrent or persistent ear discharge, or otorrhoea, for a period of 2 to 6 weeks, through the tympanic membrane perforation. Studies often present a varying incidence of CSOM, but it is the most important cause of deafness in India.  Risk factors are mainly associated with low socioeconomic status, crowded atmosphere, low parental education level, poor nutrition, frequent upper respiratory tract infection and chronic diseases.
Methods: A retrospective- observational study of 300 patients of CSOM, selected from OPD of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, CHC, Chenani, Udhampur, Jammu, J&K, was conducted during August 2018 to January 2019. Detailed clinical examination was done and statistical socio-demographic analysis was performed. Associated factors of CSOM were also recorded and a resultant chart was obtained.
Results: Our study showed that urban as well as rural poor were equally affected population.  Highest incidence found in the range of 11 to 20 years (36.67%), with only 54 (17.67%) cases reported for age group: 41 and above. 55.33% of cases pertained to lower Socio-economic status with major occupational incidence amongst urban labour class (82/300, i.e. 27%). The major contributing factor for CSOM came out to be the crowded living conditions (52.0%) and aseptic and unsupervised handling or ears (49.0%).
Conclusions: Congestion and crowded household, bathing in contaminated ponds and canals, unsterile ear piercing, constituted significant risk factors, therefore preventive strategies and awareness program, based upon the above, should be planned to counter the burden of CSOM.
Key words: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM), Ear Discharge, Socio-demographic Status
Perbandingan Metode SAW dan Topsis pada Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Seleksi Penerima Beasiswa
Authors: Sari Wahyuni Eka , B Muslimin , Rani Selvia
Published: February 2021

SMK TI LABBAIKA provides scholarships every semester to students who meet the requirements. The selection process still uses the manual method based on the Headmaster's knowledge. The suitable decision support systems and methods are needed to minimize errors in decision making and get fair decision results. In this study, two decision support system methods were chosen, namely Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The SAW and TOPSIS methods were chosen because they have simple calculations. A comparison of the two methods is carried out to determine the best method for selecting scholarships. The criteria used in this study are student status, number of family members, parent's occupation, parent's income, and semester grades. The 20 alternative data is used for testing. Based on the results of testing the accuracy for the SAW method is 45% while for TOPSIS is 60%.
Outreach is not a "one-shot”: Critical approaches to outreach
Authors: Solomon Jenay
Published: February 2021

In this column, the author explores how outreach to underserved students can be achieved through a critical librarianship approach, which first requires centering students’ voices in order to properly establish a relationship of trust.
El Cançoner trobadoresc de Sant Joan de les Abadesses: estat de la qüestió, història arxivística i context de producció
Authors: Ferrer Godoy Joan
Published: February 2021

Abstract: In 1917, Josep Masdeu, the monastery archivist of Sant Joan de les Abadesses, identified four songs written down in some blank spaces of a paper-based notarial book of the village. In 1935, Higini Anglès, a musicologist of recognized prestige, made them public and since then, they comprise the songbook of Sant Joan de les Abadesses, the unique troubadour catalogue in Catalonia including both the text of the songs and their equivalent musical notation to be performed. From that moment on, the manuscript has been studied in many occasions from a linguistic and musical point of view. The manuscript, currently preserved at the National Library of Catalonia, includes some other text passages of legal topics which we analyse in depth because they delimit the exact chronological period of the song writings. Our study, therefore, has been focused on three main purposes. In the first place, we revise the contributions made so far regarding the description of the document. Next, we build up the archivistic history of the manuscript, from the moment it was discovered until it was deposited in the library mentioned above. Finally, we frame the overall context of the songbook production based on the extraliterary and extramusical texts.

Keywords: Troubadour songs, Medieval manuscripts, Medieval songbook, Sant Joan de les Abadesses Archive, Court books, Notarial -
History.
METHODS OF THERMAL-STTMULATED CURRENTS FOR RESEARCH OF IMPURITY SITES AT LTGHT-EMTTTTNG DTODES
Authors:   O.S. Popov Odesa National Academy o f Telecommunications, Irkha V.I. , Starenkyi I.V. , Yurieva O.V.
Published: February 2021

Impurity sites in LEDs based on of Gai-xAlxAs for fiber-optic communication lines using thermal-stimulated current method were researched. The causes of the degradation of such diodes are clarified. The installation for research using the method of thermal-stimulated currents is described. Given in p-n junctions based on GaAlAs. The dependence curves of thermal-stimulated currents and temperature are shown at various heating rates. Was made a research of light-emitting diodes degradation by their power supply of current pulses up to 10 A, with a duration of 100 ns and a frequency of 300 Hz, as well as at 50 mA, 20 mA and a temperature of 800C. A connection was found in the process of degradation of LEDs with an increasing of the concentration of impurity sites. The curves of thermal-stimulated currents determined the concentration of impurity sites before and after the degradation of LEDs. It is shown that the main reason for the change in the electrical characteristics of the p-n junctions of the studied samples upon passing a direct current is the accumulation of impurity sites.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODEL OF EVALUATION OF THE BASIC PARAMETERS OF THE WIRELESS CHANNEL OF 802.11 STANDARD, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DESTABILIZING FACTORS
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Mykhalevskiy D.V.
Published: February 2021

The most reliable approach to assess the destabilizing factors that exist in 802.11 wireless channels is through experimental research and the creation of empirical models and methods based on them. The application of such models and methods makes it possible to predict the efficiency of channels for both fixed and mobile subscribers, during the design stages and during connection to the networks. But for a certain type of task, it is relevant to evaluate the impact of a particular destabilizing factor on the basic parameters of a wireless channel. This paper proposes empirical models to evaluate the impact of any type of energy and information destabilizing factor on the performance of an 802.11x wireless channel. The model, which contains two diagnostic parameters, allows to evaluate the energy and information efficiency of the wireless channel under the influence of destabilizing factors. The reliability of such a model is high and depends on the standard regression models of the diagnostic parameters, but there is a considerable period of obtaining the result. To improve performance, a simplified model based on the correlation of basic diagnostic parameters was proposed. To verify the models obtained, mathematical studies were conducted based on the data obtained for interference interference as a destabilizing factor. The impact of such interference on the energy diagnostic parameter is insignificant, unlike the information, where there is a restriction of the physical channel resource distributed between all created radio circuits on the network and between combined and neighboring interference interference. All of this leads to a significant reduction in the effective data rate for a particular radio. It has been found that a model with two diagnostic parameters can have high reliability, which increases with the expansion of the database of experimental studies, both for existing standards and for future modifications. The effect of power and information interference factors on the main channel parameters is different, so the simplified model will have an error of estimation, which will increase as the number of interference, simultaneously active devices in the network and the load in the interference network channels increase.
Evaluation of thyroid profile for renal dysfunction in dairy cows
Authors: Vovkotrub N. , Melnyk A. , Bezukh V. , Tyshkivskii M.
Published: February 2021

Chronic pathological process in kidney saffect the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system and peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones. Pathological blood components, which accumulate due to intoxication of metabolic products, the uremic toxins, can affect the metabolism of T3 - and T4 -hormones. In cows on the Ukraine territory such thyroid diseases as hypothyroidism, less often hyperthyroidism, endemic and sporadic goiter, diffuse toxic goiter, tumors were detected, changes in the functional state of the thyroid gland with ketosis, osteodystrophy, hepatodystrophy, polymorbidic pathology were described. Metabolic diseases, which are based on impaired absorption of certain macro-and micronutrients, determine the functional activity of the thyroid gland. The data presented in the article indicate the develop of latent nephropathy in cows during the early milking period with the background of reduced energy supply, which was reflected in the disorders of filtration, excretory and concentration capacity of renal structures with a probable decrease the urea (p<0.001) and creatinine to 3982.4±414.4 μmol/l in urine, a decrease in the value of concentration indices – CI and FCU in 1.7 and 1.4 times, respectively, compared with animals in the control group, the development of hypostenuria with a decrease in relative urinary density to 1.022±0.004 kg/m3 (p<0,01) and selective proteinuria with a probable increase in the protein/creatinine ratio in 3.14 times compared with the cows of the control group. The disorders of the renal functional state was accompanied by changes in the thyroid profile in cows, which was characterized by a probable increase the T3 hormone level to 4.12±0.55 nmol/l (p<0.05) with a simultaneous decrease in thyroxine to 74.2±13,0 nmol/l (p<0,05) on the background of high values of TSH in blood serum (666.8±51.9 nMO/ml). Key words: nephropathy, highly productive cows, thyroid gland, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone.
International methods of accounting and giving financial reporting to banking institutions
Authors: Khomovyi S. , Khomyak N. , Tomilova-Yaremchuk N. , Litvinenko V.
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the trends of annual increase in the number of countries that encourage the use of IFRS in their territories in different companies and in different spheres of activity.
Developed system of IFRS implementation, their transparency and openness will further lead to a significant improvement in relations with investors and increase their confidence in banks. The comparison of the status of the IFRS use for organizations around the world has been conducted. The immediate connection between the effective activity of banking institutions in foreign countries and the introduction of IFRS has been demonstrated. The factors of proximity of countries to the political forces formed in IASB have been highlighted, and the indicators of probable national strategies of IFRS implementation in different countries of the world have been given. While Ukraine is one of the countries that has quite weak political influence on the management decisions of the IASC.
It was found out that in Ukraine the process of harmonization of accounting with IFRS in the banking sector began in 1998, however they began to be considered as a subject of regulation only recently. Nowadays, IFRS is already the basis of UAS and other regulations, which indicates the effectiveness of the process of combining national characteristics of doing business in Ukraine with international ones.
It has been established that an important factor in adjusting the Ukrainian banking accounting system is to provide real financial information about the true price of assets of the bank, their profitability, transparency of accounting activities, creating effective methodological and legal documents governing the accounting of financial instruments under international rules.
The plans of bank accounts before and after the reform have been considered, their advantages and disadvantages have been outlined.
In this research the general problems in banking institutions in the process of implementing international standards, as well as possible ways to solve them have been also analyzed. The process of monitoring the quality of financial reporting in banks is also important. The analysis of foreign systems of this process has shown that the most favorable for Ukrainian banks is the control structure used in Germany.
Among the main risks of full implementation of IFRS in banking institutions of Ukraine, we have identified: 1) internal ‒ an increase in the number of users of financial information; content of corporate reporting (integrated, non-financial, management); corporate auditing policy; 2) external ‒ financial risks; the danger of rapid integration into international financial markets; interest rate risks.
Key words: accounting, IFRS, banks, organization of accounting, chart of accounts, regulation of accounting standard, financial
Business analytics of an agricultural higher education institution
Authors: Vasylenko O.
Published: February 2021

The article studies domestic and foreign papers and defines the main tendencies of applying business analytics in business management. The information volume and change space is expected provide for tenfold increase in 3 years. The success of management decisions will depend on the speed of response to new technological opportunities and quality analysis using modern systems.
The experience in modern tools of business analytics application in the field of running business and entrepreneurship is investigated. The expediency of business analytics tools and methods application and mechanisms of business processes optimization in management organization of an agricultural institution of higher education is proved.
Business analytics tools that can be used to monitor the activities of agricultural institution of higher education were identified. The online visualize and BI-platform Tableau Public were used to analyze the market of agricultural education services according to various competitiveness criteria.
The ability to import data from online sources and various document formats, the ability to simultaneously visualize several criteria using different forms of data presentation and filters, as well as instant automatic changes in analytics when changing data are the advantages of using these tools.
The algorithm of competitive strategy in the BP Simulator business process simulator is developed. It includes six stages of development: studying the educational services market and defining the needs of consumers of various groups of stakeholders; identification of leaders in the educational services market; identification of strengths and weaknesses of competitors; self-analysis of the institution running, identification of its own strengths and weaknesses; differentiation of services in order to create a unique service; designing a competitive strategy.
Key words: business analytics, business process, institution of higher education, competitiveness, internal quality management system, educational services market, student, stakeholders.
Research on Brand Marketing Based on Ukrainian Tourist Destination
Authors: Lianfeng Zhang , Danko Yu. , Zhuanqing Chen
Published: February 2021

Tourist destination is a place to attract tourists to make a short stay and visit here. The competition of tourism is increasing day by day, and the competition between tourist destinations has turned to brand competition. Tourism destination brand marketing refers to the brand marketing activities that take the government departments and tourism enterprises as the marketing subject and take the cultural resources, natural landscape and tourism services of the tourism destination as the marketing content. Brand marketing plays an important role in tourism destination marketing, but the current research on the related problems of brand marketing is still relatively shallow, lack of theoretical and empirical research on the characteristics of tourism destination brand marketing. The brand marketing system of tourism destination based on the overall interests of the region has important guiding significance to the marketing practice of tourism destination. Based on the theory of marketing, this paper constructs the brand marketing theory system of tourism destination based on the overall interests of the region. This paper introduces the brand marketing of tourism destination in Ukraine as a case study, Starting from the status quo of tourism brand marketing in Ukraine, this paper expounds the existing problems of tourism in Ukraine, and finally puts forward some countermeasures to improve the brand marketing of tourism destination in Ukraine.And tries to apply the conclusion of brand marketing of tourism destination based on the overall interests of the region to tourism practice.
Key words: Ukraine ,TourismDestination, Integrated marketing ,New media marketing, Internet plus ,Tourism Brand, Brand Marketing.
Tourism orientation as a business paradigm for the development of united territorial communities
Authors: Pechenyuk A.
Published: February 2021

The subject of the research is tourist orientation as a component of the business paradigm of development of territorial communities of Ukraine
The purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical foundations and criteria for the formation of a new business paradigm of tourism orientation of rural communities.
General scientific and special research methods are used. Scientific method - for systematization of existing theoretical approaches to the researched problem; analysis and synthesis (for detailing the object and subject of research and their generalization); abstract-logical (in the formation of generalizations, conclusions and proposals; the method of systematic approach - in considering tourist orientation as a system consisting of a number of interconnected elements, and, interacting, affects the communication and social efficiency of rural communities; the method of scientific abstraction - when allocating stable, typical connections in tourism orientation, which allowed to form criteria for assessing the tourist orientation of communities.
Tourist orientation as a direction of formation of business paradigm of development of united communities is investigated. It is established that the strengthening of the tourism-oriented component will contribute to the creation of an innovative tourism product and attract new consumers.
The main approaches to customer orientation are studied, the connection between the defined definition and tourist orientation is established. The own definition of tourist orientation of communities is offered. The stages of formation of a positive tourist-oriented environment are outlined. The principles of tourist orientation are described, cognitive marketing is defined as the basis for the formation of consumer loyalty.
The criteria of tourist orientation are given and the indicators that characterize it are determined.
The results of the study can be used to develop an effective strategy for rural development, taking into account and evaluating the criteria identified by the study at the stage of forming a business paradigm of tourism orientation of the community will increase investment in infrastructure, dissemination of information technology, restoration, reconstruction, objects of historical and cultural heritage, the formation of information, cognitive and tourist competencies of community residents.
Key words: united communities, tourism orientation, tourism development, business paradigm, tourist impressions, cognitive marketing.
Main Results of Activities of All-Russian Centre for Disaster Medicine Zashchita of Federal Medical Biological Agency in 2020 and Tasks for 2021
Authors:   All-Russian Centre for Disaster Medicine Zashchita of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation, Goncharov S.F. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Titov I.G. ,   All-Russian Centre for Disaster Medicine Zashchita of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bobiy B.V. ,   All-Russian Centre for Disaster Medicine Zashchita of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Akin’shin A.V. ,   All-Russian Centre for Disaster Medicine Zashchita of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2021

The objective of the study based on the analysis and evaluation of key performance indicators of the all-Russian center for disaster medicine "Zaschita" FMBA Rossii (WCMC "Protection" in the Center) and disaster medical Service (QMS), Russian Ministry of health to develop proposals and to identify priority areas for further development and improvement of the system of medical support of the population in emergency situations (es). Materials and methods of research. Materials research: normative and methodical documents governing the organization and operation of the all-Russian service for disaster medicine (VSMK), medical aid to victims in emergency and medical evacuation; records of the regional centers of emergency medical care and disaster medicine (SMP RC and IC), the territorial centers of emergency medicine (TSMC) and WCMC "Protection" on the activity of the elimination of the health consequences of emergencies in 2020 etc. Research methods: analytical, statistical, direct observation method, logical and information modeling. The results of the study and their analysis. In 2020, 2108 emergencies with health consequences occurred in the Russian Federation, excluding the COVID-19 pandemic, which is almost 25% less than in 2019. This situation can be explained by a decrease in the intensity of transport operations and the activity of the population during the pandemic. In order to further develop the system of medical support for the population in emergencies, the main tasks for 2021 are formulated.
Assessment and Correction of Psychological State of Medical Workers of Infectious Diseases Hospitals in Volgograd Repurposed for Treatment of Patients with COVID-19
Authors:   Centre for Disaster Medicine at the Clinical Ambulance Station, Volgograd, Russian Federation, Yarygin O.A. , Kozlov D.V. ,   Centre for Disaster Medicine at the Clinical Ambulance Station, Volgograd, Russian Federation, Raevsky A.A. ,   Centre for Disaster Medicine at the Clinical Ambulance Station, Volgograd, Russian Federation,   Volgograd State Medical University, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Volgograd, Russian Federation
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study was to analyze the experience in assessment and correction of the psychological state of the medical staff of infectious hospitals, repurposed to treat patients with COVID-19, and recommendations to the administrative staff of the hospitals for optimization of work with the aim of preserving the health of medical professionals. Materials and methods of research. From May to September 2020, medical psychologists of the laboratory of Psychophysiological support of the Center for Disaster Medicine of the Clinical emergency medical station of Volgograd visited 9 medical treatment organizations (LMO) that were converted into infectious diseases hospitals. During the visits, the psychological state of 279 medical workers was diagnosed according to the following methods: 1. Questionnaire for the identification and evaluation of neurotic states (K.K.Yakhin, D.M.Mendelevich). 2. The method of measuring the level of "mental burnout" (V. V.Boyko). The results of the study and their analysis. The results of the assessment of the psychological state of medical workers in infectious diseases hospitals are presented and the main directions of providing psychological assistance are identified. The principles of organizing methodological assistance to the administration of the hospitals are described.
Anti-Epidemic Support for Troops and Population during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945
Authors:   All-Russian Centre for Disaster Medicine Zashchita of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation, Goncharov S.F. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Knopov M.M. ,   All-Russian Centre for Disaster Medicine Zashchita of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2021

The article presents the forming of military epidemiology during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. It is particularly emphasized that the war period was the most important stage in the development of domestic military epidemiology – the stage of creating a coherent and effective scientifically based system of anti-epidemic support of troops in accordance with the specific combat and epidemiological situation.
KONSTITUSIONALITAS PEMBERLAKUAN PERPPU PEMILUKADA DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENUNDAAN PEMILUKADA SERENTAK TAHUN 2020
Authors: Azzahra Farida , Kurnia Aloysius Eka
Published: February 2021

Peraturan perundang-undangan terkait Pemilu di Indonesia saat ini belum mengatur mengenai kewenangan KPU untuk menunda pelaksanaan Pemilukada serentak serta menetapkan jadwal Pemilihan ulang. Adapun meski Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2015 melegitimasi penundaan penyelenggaraan Pemilukada akibat terjadinya sebuah bencana, namun Undang-Undang a quo tidak menjelaskan perihal lembaga mana yang berwenang menunda penyelenggaraan Pemilukada jika bencana yang dimaksud adalah bencana nasional. Atas hal tersebut, Presiden melalui Perppu Nomor 2 Tahun 2020 telah mengeluarkan dasar hukum guna mengatur kewenangan KPU dalam menunda dan menetapkan jadwal pelaksanaan Pemilukada serentak. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bermaksud untuk meneliti konstitusionalitas Perppu tersebut beserta implikasinya terhadap pelaksanaan Pemilukada. Permasalahan yang akan ditinjau dalam penelitian ini akan menyangkut persoalan mengenai bagaimana kedudukan KPU dalam pelaksanaan Pemilukada di Indonesia serta bagaimana konstitusionalitas Perppu tersebut. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberlakuan Perppu tersebut merupakan bentuk upaya mencegah terjadinya kekosongan hukum dalam penyelenggaraan Pemilukada di tengah situasi penyebaran Covid-19. Hal ini berlaku konstitusional dan bukan merupakan bentuk intervensi pemerintah terhadap kemandirian lembaga negara.
TELAAH KRITIS MENGENAI INTERPRETASI KEDARURATAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT SEBAGAI KEADAAN MEMAKSA BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF HUKUM KONTRAK
Authors: Pratama Kristianus Jimy
Published: February 2021

Pemberlakuan Keputusan Presiden Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Penetapan Kedaruratan Kesehatan Masyarakat Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) dan Keputusan Presiden Nomor 12 Tahun 2020 tentang Penetapan Bencana Nonalam Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) Sebagai Bencana Nasional berimplikasi pada terdampaknya berbagai aspek pembidangan hukum termasuk bidang hukum kontrak di dalamnya. Keadaan kedaruratan kesehatan masyarakat sebagaimana yang ditegaskan dalam norma hukum terkait membuat ruang untuk terjadinya ragam penafsiran hukum diantara para pihak dalam menerapkan klausula keadaan memaksa dalam kurun waktu keadaan kedaruratan kesehatan masyarakat tersebut terlebih setelah diberlakukannya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 tentang Pembatasan Sosial Berksala Besar Dalam Rangka Percepatan Penanganan Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penelaahan lebih lanjut mengenai batasan-batasan dalam menerapkan klausula keadaan memaksa yang dihubungkan dengan keadaan kedaruratan kesehatan masyarakat tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang ditunjang dengan studi kepustakaan. Melalui penelitian ini kemudian dirumuskan kesimpulan yang menerangkan bahwa terdapat syarat-syarat yang harus terpenuhi secara akumulatif untuk menetapkan kedaruratan kesehatan masyarakat sebagai klausula keadaan memaksa. Selain itu juga ditegaskan di dalam penelitian ini bahwa para pihak juga dapat melakukan renegoisasi kontrak yang meliputi pilihan untuk memperbaharui atau memutus kontrak tersebut untuk mencapai kepastian hukum diantara para pihak.
GCND per il pianeta. Un forte invito ad agire per tutti: medici, infermieri e pazienti
Authors: Lombardi Marco , Bergesio Franco
Published: February 2021

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A influência do quórum sensing na formação do biofilme por Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Neves Marina Luizy da Rocha , Nunes Luanne Eugênia , Rocha Wilma Raianny Vieira da , Ximenes Eulália Camelo Pessoa de Azevedo , Albuquerque Mônica Camelo Pessoa de Azevedo
Published: February 2021

As bactérias se organizam de forma agregada numa matriz extracelular, chamada biofilme, estrutura que confere proteção a bactéria a ação dos antimicrobianos e a resposta imune do hospedeiro. Assim, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, é classificado como um micro-organismo oportunista, responsável por causar altos números de infecções hospitalares devido a resistência bacteriana desenvolvida por fatores de virulência como o biofilme, controlados por o sistema quorum sensing. Desse modo, o objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever a comunicação das células bacteriana para formação do biofilme por P. aeruginosa, durante o processo de colonização e infecção no hospedeiro. Seguiu-se a metodologia de uma revisão narrativa, com base nos artigos publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2020, indexados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), utilizando para busca os descritores: “quorum sensing”, "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "biofilm", "virulence factors", "Flagella", "pili", "bacterial adhesion" "polysaccharide" "adhesins" e "biofilm matrix”. Foram selecionados artigos publicados na íntegra, em inglês, entre os anos de 1990 e 2020. Foram excluídos artigos incompletos, duplicados e trabalhos acadêmicos como teses e dissertações. Evidenciou-se que a resistência bacteriana de P. aeruginosa aos antibióticos está relacionada a sua alta capacidade de adaptação a ambientes hostis e aos mecanismos de resistência desenvolvidos pela espécie, especialmente a formação do biofilme bacteriano pelo sistema quorum sensing a partir da biossíntese de moléculas autoindutoras como: N-3-oxo-dodecanoil homoserina lactona, N-butanoil-homoserina lactona e 2-heptil-3-hidroxi-4-quinolona, responsáveis por mediar a produção dos fatores de virulência. Esta revisão abordou os aspectos gerais que envolve a patogenicidade oriunda da comunicação bacteriana durante o seu processo de colonização.
Desigualdades socioeconômicas e espaciais nas condições de acesso à internet por adolescentes de escolas estaduais
Authors: Legey Ângela Luiza Cunha , Silva Aichely Rodrigues da , Silva Aline Daniela da Cruz e , Machado Christiane Opuszka , Antoniassi Sarina Giongo , Höfelmann Doroteia Aparecida
Published: February 2021

Objetivou-se analisar condições de acesso à internet por adolescentes de escolas estaduais de Curitiba (PR), e identificar desigualdades de acordo com características demográficas dos alunos e renda do entorno escolar. Associações entre condições de acesso e renda investigadas por 1) modelos de regressão logística multinível para estimar as razões de chance (OR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%); e 2) índices de Moran Global e local.  Nas escolas 1.232 alunos preencheram o questionário. O dispositivo de acesso à internet mais frequente foi o celular (75,4%), seguido do computador (27,3%) e tablet (8,4%); 81,0% referiram acessar à internet no domicílio, 25,1% redes wi-fi; 77,2% relataram acesso diário, e 53,1% dispositivo próprio. As chances de acessar à internet pelo celular (OR 1,94 IC95%1,25; 3,01), diariamente (OR 3,37; IC95% 1,38; 8,20), e com dispositivos próprios (OR 1,81 IC95%1,00-3,27) aumentaram com a renda do entorno escolar, enquanto o  uso do computador foi menor nos tercis de maior renda (OR 0,61 IC95% 0,41; 0,91). Observou-se correlação espacial inversa entre renda e uso do celular (-0,26) e tablet (-0,29), e positiva para computador (0,31) e uso diário da internet (0,30). Destaca-se desigualdades nas condições de acesso à internet com características dos alunos e renda.
Effects of Two-Step Anodization on Surface Wettability in Surface Treatment of Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Eo Jae Dong , Kim Jingyu , Jung Yongsug , Lee Jong-Hang , Kim Wook Bae
Published: February 2021

Industrial anodizing of aluminum alloys is widely employed for various products, to improve corrosion and contamination protection as well as aesthetic appearance. At the same time, nanostructure fabrication using highly ordered porous aluminum oxides has been increasingly investigated in academic research for diverse micro-/nano applications. This approach is based on two-step anodization with limited process conditions, such as extended process time and low temperature. In this study, two-step anodizing was employed to anodize hairline-finished Al 1050 with sulfuric acid considering industrial processing conditions. The method is particularly suited for anodized products that require post-processing such as printing, dyeing and/or bonding. Porous anodized layers that were fabricated using conventional single anodizing, and twostep anodizing under identical processing conditions were compared. Variations in porosity, pore diameter, and inter-pore distance were examined in relation to the anodizing parameters, such as temperature and voltage. The results showed that two-step anodizing caused an increase in all measured pore-related measurements, and produced a much more uniform porous layer than the conventional anodizing process. Water contact angles were evaluated on the anodized surface of the previously machined hairline specimen. It was found that the water contact angles clearly decreased on the surfaces treated by two-step anodization, compared to the conventional anodizing process.
A Novel Inflammatory Dendritic Cell That Is Abundant and Contiguous to T Cells in the Kidneys of Patients With Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Parikh Samir V. , Malvar Ana , Shapiro John , Turman James M. , Song Huijuan , Alberton Valeria , Lococo Bruno , Mejia-Vilet Juan M. , Madhavan Sethu , Zhang Jianying , Yu Lianbo , Satoskar Anjali A. , Birmingham Dan , Jarjour Wael N. , Rovin Brad H. , Ganesan Latha P.
Published: February 2021

The mechanisms that promote local inflammatory injury during lupus nephritis (LN) flare are largely unknown. Understanding the key immune cells that drive intrarenal inflammation will advance our knowledge of disease pathogenesis and inform the development of new therapeutics for LN management. In this study, we analyzed kidney biopsies from patients with proliferative LN and identified a novel inflammatory dendritic cell (infDC) population that is highly expressed in the LN kidney, but minimally present in healthy human kidneys. During an agnostic evaluation of immune transcript expression in the kidneys of patients with proliferative LN, the most abundantly overexpressed transcript from isolated glomeruli wasFCER1G, which encodes the Fc receptor gamma chain (FcRγ). To identify the cell types expressing FcRγ that infiltrate the kidney in LN, studies were done on kidney biopsies from patients with active LN using confocal immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy. This showed that FcRγ is abundantly present in the periglomerular (PG) region of the kidney and to a lesser extent in the tubulointerstitium (TI). Further investigation of the surface markers of these cells showed that they were FcRγ+, MHC II+, CD11c+, CD163+, CD5−, DC-SIGN+, CD64+, CD14+, CD16+, SIRPα+, CD206−, CD68−, CD123−, CD3−, and CD11b−, suggesting the cells were infDCs. Quantification of the infDCs showed an average 10-fold higher level of infDCs in the LN kidney compared to the healthy kidneys. Importantly, IF identified CD3+T cells to be adjacent to these infDCs in the PG space of the LN kidney, whereas both cell types are minimally present in the healthy kidney. Thus, we have identified a previously undescribed DC in lupus kidneys that may interact with intrarenal T cells and play a role in the pathogenesis of kidney injury during LN flare.
Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis in Macrophages by Taraxasterol Is Associated With Its Regulation on mTOR Signaling
Authors: Yang Fan , Ye Xun-jia , Chen Ming-ye , Li Hong-chun , Wang Yao-feng , Zhong Mei-yan , Zhong Chun-su , Zeng Bo , Xu Li-hui , He Xian-hui , Ouyang Dong-yun
Published: February 2021

Taraxasterol (TAS) is an active ingredient of Dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand. -Mazz.), a medicinal plant that has long been used in China for treatment of inflammatory disorders. But the underlying mechanism for its therapeutic effects on inflammatory disorders is not completely clear. Inflammasome activation is a critical step of innate immune response to infection and aseptic inflammation. Among the various types of inflammasome sensors that has been reported, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is implicated in various inflammatory diseases and therefore has been most extensively studied. In this study, we aimed to explore whether TAS could influence NLPR3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. The results showed that TAS dose-dependently suppressed the activation of caspase-1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed murine primary macrophages upon nigericin treatment, resulting in reduced mature interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release and gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage. TAS greatly reduced ASC speck formation upon the stimulation of nigericin or extracellular ATP. Consistent with reduced cleavage of GSDMD, nigericin-induced pyroptosis was alleviated by TAS. Interestingly, TAS time-dependently suppressed the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 signaling induced by LPS priming. Like TAS, both INK-128 (inhibiting both mTORC1 and mTORC2) and rapamycin (inhibiting mTORC1 only) also inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation, though their effects on mTOR signaling were different. Moreover, TAS treatment alleviated mitochondrial damage by nigericin and improved mouse survival from bacterial infection, accompanied by reduced IL-1β levels in vivo. Collectively, by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, TAS displayed anti-inflammatory effects likely through regulation of the mTOR signaling in macrophages, highlighting a potential action mechanism for the anti-inflammatory activity of Dandelion in treating inflammation-related disorders, which warrants further clinical investigation.
Administration of GDF3 Into Septic Mice Improves Survival via Enhancing LXRα-Mediated Macrophage Phagocytosis
Authors: Wang Peng , Mu Xingjiang , Zhao Hongyan , Li Yutian , Wang Lu , Wolfe Vivian , Cui Shu-Nan , Wang Xiaohong , Peng Tianqing , Zingarelli Basilia , Wang Chunting , Fan Guo-Chang
Published: February 2021

The defective eradication of invading pathogens is a major cause of death in sepsis. As professional phagocytic cells, macrophages actively engulf/kill microorganisms and play essential roles in innate immune response against pathogens. Growth differentiation factor 3 (GDF3) was previously implicated as an important modulator of inflammatory response upon acute sterile injury. In this study, administration of recombinant GDF3 protein (rGDF3) either before or after CLP surgery remarkably improved mouse survival, along with significant reductions in bacterial load, plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and organ damage. Notably, our in vitro experiments revealed that rGDF3 treatment substantially promoted macrophage phagocytosis and intracellular killing of bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, RNA-seq analysis results showed that CD5L, known to be regulated by liver X receptor α (LXRα), was the most significantly upregulated gene in rGDF3-treated macrophages. Furthermore, we observed that rGDF3 could promote LXRα nuclear translocation and thereby, augmented phagocytosis activity in macrophages, which was similar as LXRα agonist GW3965 did. By contrast, pre-treating macrophages with LXRα antagonist GSK2033 abolished beneficial effects of rGDF3 in macrophages. In addition, rGDF3 treatment failed to enhance bacteria uptake and killing in LXRα-knockout (KO) macrophages. Taken together, these results uncover that GDF3 may represent a novel mediator for controlling bacterial infection.
Biodiversity of New Lytic Bacteriophages Infecting Shigella spp. in Freshwater Environment
Authors: Shahin Khashayar , Barazandeh Mohadeseh , Zhang Lili , Hedayatkhah Abolghasem , He Tao , Bao Hongduo , Mansoorianfar Mojtaba , Pang Maoda , Wang Heye , Wei Ruicheng , Wang Ran
Published: February 2021

Bacteriophages, viruses that infect and replicate within prokaryotic cells are the most abundant life forms in the environment, yet the vast majority of them have not been properly reported or even discovered. Almost all reported bacteriophages infecting the Enterobacteriaceae family, with Escherichia coli being the major subject of studies, have been isolated from wastewater, sewage, and effluent resources. In the present study, we focused on the distribution and biodiversity of Shigella phages in an aquatic ecosystem. While no Shigella bacteria was recovered from the Yangtze River, three lytic phages were isolated from this ecosystem and were subjected to biological, morphological, and genomic characteristics. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that vB _SflM_004 isolate belongs to Myoviridae family, Felixounavirus genus of Ounavirinae subfamily, vB_SdyM_006 was classified under the same family, however, it is suggested to be in a new genus under Tevenvirinae subfamily with some other related bacteriophages. vB_SsoS_008 phage belongs to the Siphoviridae family, Tunavirus genus, Tunavirinae subfamily. The phages did not harbor any genes involved in the lysogenic cycles and showed a high temperature and pH stability. The biodiversity of the isolated phages highly suggests that continued isolation on non-model members of Enterobacteriaceae family is necessary to fully understand bacteriophage diversity in aquatic environments.
Study of Symptomatic vs. Silent Brain Infarctions on MRI in Elderly Subjects
Authors: Raghavan Sheelakumari , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Scharf Eugene , Przybelski Scott A. , Lesnick Timothy G. , Gregg Brian , Schwarz Christopher G. , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Zuk Samantha M. , Rabinstein Alejandro , Mielke Michelle M. , Petersen Ronald C. , Knopman David S. , Kantarci Kejal , Jack Clifford R. , Vemuri Prashanthi
Published: February 2021

Brain infarctions are closely associated with future risk of stroke and dementia. Our goal was to report (i) frequency and characteristics that differentiate symptomatic vs. silent brain infarctions (SBI) on MRI and (ii) frequency and location by vascular distribution (location of stroke by major vascular territories) in a population based sample. From Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, 347 participants (≥50 years) with infarcts detected on their first MRI were included. Infarct information was identified visually on a FLAIR MRI image and a vascular territory atlas was registered to the FLAIR image data in order to identify the arterial territory of infarction. We identified the subset with a clinical history of stroke based on medical chart review and used a logistic regression to evaluate the risk factors associated with greater probability of a symptomatic stroke vs. SBI. We found that 14% of all individuals with infarctions had a history of symptomatic stroke (Silent: n = 300, symptomatic: n = 47). Factors associated with a symptomatic vs. SBI were size which had an odds ratio of 3.07 (p < 0.001), greater frequency of hypertension (odds ratio of 4.12, p = 0.025) and alcohol history (odds ratio of 4.58, p = 0.012). The frequency of infarcts was greater in right hemisphere compared to the left for SBI. This was primarily driven by middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarcts (right = 60%, left = 40%, p = 0.005). While left hemisphere strokes are more common for symptomatic carotid disease and in clinical trials, right hemispheric infarcts may be more frequent in the SBI group.
The Role of Organoids as a Novel Platform for Modeling of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: O'Connell Lauren , Winter Des C. , Aherne Carol M.
Published: February 2021

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting immune-mediated disorder affecting the gut. It is common in Westernized regions and is increasing in incidence in developing countries. At a molecular level, intrinsic deficiencies in epithelial integrity, mucosal barrier function, and mechanisms of immune response and resolution contribute to the development of IBD. Traditionally two platforms have been utilized for disease modeling of IBD;in-vitromonolayer cell culture andin-vivoanimal models. Both models have limitations, including cost, lack of representative cell types, lack of complexity of cellular interactions in a living organism, and xenogeneity. Organoids, three-dimensional cellular structures which recapitulate the basic architecture and functional processes of the organ of origin, hold potential as a third platform with which to investigate the pathogenesis and molecular defects which give rise to IBD. Organoids retain the genetic and transcriptomic profile of the tissue of origin over time and unlike monolayer cell culture can be induced to differentiate into most adult intestinal cell types. They may be used to model intestinal host-microbe interactions occurring at the mucosal barrier, are amenable to genetic manipulation and can be co-cultured with other cell lines of interest. Bioengineering approaches may be applied to render a more faithful representation of the intestinal epithelial niche. In this review, we outline the concept of intestinal organoids, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the platform comparative to alternative models, and describe the translational applications of organoids in IBD.