bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexed-knee gait in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Church C. , Ge J. , Hager S. , Haumont T. , Lennon N. , Niiler T. , Hulbert R. , Miller F.
Published: April 2018

Aims

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of adolescents with cerebral palsy who have undergone single-event multilevel surgery for a flexed-knee gait, followed into young adulthood using 3D motion analysis.

Patients and Methods

A total of 59 young adults with spastic cerebral palsy, with a mean age of 26 years (sd 3), were enrolled into the study in which their gait was compared with an evaluation that had taken place a mean of 12 years (sd 2) previously. At their visits during adolescence, the children walked with excessive flexion of the knee at initial contact and surgical or therapeutic interventions were not controlled between visits.

Results

Based on the change in flexed-knee gait over approximately ten years, improvements were seen in increased Gait Deviation Index (p < 0.001) and decreased flexion of the knee at initial contact (p < 0.001). Greater popliteal angle (p < 0.001), reduced Gross Motor Function Measure section D (p = 0.006), and reduced speed of gait (p = 0.007) suggested a mild decline in function. Quality-of-life measures showed that these patients fell within normal limits compared with typical young adults in areas other than physical function.

Conclusion

While some small significant changes were noted, little clinically significant change was seen in function and gait, with gross motor function maintained between adolescence and young adulthood. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:549–56.
A comparison of the biomechanical stability of pedicle-lengthening screws and traditional pedicle screws
Authors: Qian L. , Jiang C. , Sun P. , Xu D. , Wang Y. , Fu M. , Zhong S. , Ouyang J.
Published: April 2018

Aims

The aim of this study was to compare the peak pull-out force (PPF) of pedicle-lengthening screws (PLS) and traditional pedicle screws (TPS) using instant and cyclic fatigue testing.

Materials and Methods

A total of 60 lumbar vertebrae were divided into six groups: PLS submitted to instant pull-out and fatigue-resistance testing (groups A1 and A2, respectively), TPS submitted to instant pull-out and fatigue-resistance testing (groups B1 and B2, respectively) and PLS augmented with 2 ml polymethylmethacrylate, submitted to instant pull-out and fatigue-resistance testing (groups C1 and C2, respectively). The PPF and normalized PPF (PPFn) for bone mineral density (BMD) were compared within and between all groups.

Results

In all groups, BMD was significantly correlated with PPF (r = 0.83, p < 0.001). The PPFn in A1 was significantly less than in B1 (p = 0.006) and C1 (p = 0.002). The PPFn of A2 was significantly less than in B2 (p < 0.001) and C2 (p < 0.001). The PPFn in A1, B1, and C1 was significantly greater than in A2 (p = 0.002), B2 (p = 0.027), and C2 (p = 0.003). There were no significant differences in PPFn between B1 and C1, or between B2 and C2.

Conclusion

Pedicle lengthening screws with cement augmentation can provide the same fixation stability as traditional pedicle screws and may be a viable clinical option. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:516–21.
Minimally invasive spinal decompression for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis and stenosis maintains stability and may avoid the need for fusion
Authors: Minamide A. , Yoshida M. , Simpson A. K. , Nakagawa Y. , Iwasaki H. , Tsutsui S. , Takami M. , Hashizume H. , Yukawa Y. , Yamada H.
Published: April 2018

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of microendoscopic laminotomy in patients with lumbar stenosis and concurrent degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS), and to determine the effect of this procedure on spinal stability.

Patients and Methods

A total of 304 consecutive patients with single-level lumbar DS with concomitant stenosis underwent microendoscopic laminotomy without fusion between January 2004 and December 2010. Patients were divided into two groups, those with and without advanced DS based on the degree of spondylolisthesis and dynamic instability. A total of 242 patients met the inclusion criteria. There were 101 men and 141 women. Their mean age was 68.1 years (46 to 85). Outcome was assessed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire scores, a visual analogue score for pain and the Short Form Health-36 score. The radiographic outcome was assessed by measuring the slip and the disc height. The clinical and radiographic parameters were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 4.6 years (3 to 7.5).

Results

There were no significant differences in the preoperative measurements between the group and no significant differences between the clinical parameters at the final follow-up. The mean percentage slip was 17.1% preoperatively and 17.7% at the final follow-up (p = 0.35). Progressive instability was noted in 13 patients (8.2%) with DS and 6 patients (7.0%) with advanced DS, respectively (p = 0.81). There was radiological evidence of restabilization of the spine in 30 patients (35%) with preoperative instability. The success rate of microendoscopic laminotomy was good/excellent in 166 (69%), fair in 49 (20%) and poor in 27 patients (11%) in both groups.

Conclusion

Microendoscopic laminotomy is an effective form of surgical treatment for patients with DS and stenosis. Preservation of the stabilizing structures using this technique prevents postoperative instability. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:499–506.
Reliable outcomes and survivorship of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for isolated compartment osteonecrosis
Authors: Chalmers B. P. , Mehrotra K. G. , Sierra R. J. , Pagnano M. W. , Taunton M. J. , Abdel M. P.
Published: April 2018

Aims

Primary (or spontaneous) and secondary osteonecrosis of the knee can lead to severe joint degeneration, for which either total or unicompartmental arthroplasty may be considered. However, there are limited studies analyzing outcomes of unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (UKAs) for osteonecrosis involving an isolated compartment of the knee. The aims of this study were to analyze outcomes of UKAs for osteonecrosis with specific focus on 1) survivorship free of any revision or reoperation, 2) risk factors for failure, 3) clinical outcomes, and 4) complications.

Patients and Methods

A total of 45 patients underwent 46 UKAs for knee osteonecrosis between 2002 and 2014 at our institution (The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota). Twenty patients (44%) were female; the mean age of the patients was 66 years, and mean body mass index (BMI) was 31 kg/m2. Of the 46 UKAs, 44 (96%) were medial UKAs, and 35 (76%) were fixed-bearing design. Mean mechanical axis postoperatively was 1.5° varus (0° to 5° varus); 41 UKAs (89%) were performed for primary osteonecrosis. Mean follow-up was five years (2 to 12)

Results

Survivorship free of any revision in the cohort was 89% (95% CI 77 to 99) and 76% (95% CI 53 to 99) at five and ten years, respectively. In patients undergoing UKA for primary osteonecrosis survivorship free of any revision was 93% (95% CI 83 to 100)at both five and ten years. Secondary osteonecrosis was a significant risk factor for poorer survivorship free of any revision or reoperation (hazard ratio 7.7, p = 0.03). Three medial UKAs (6.5%) were converted to total knee arthroplasties (TKAs): two for lateral compartment degeneration and one for development of lateral osteonecrosis. No implants were revised for loosening, fracture, or wear. Knee Society scores improved from a mean of 60 (44 to 72) preoperatively to a mean of 94 postoperatively (82 to 100) (p < 0.001). There were no surgical complications.

Conclusion

When done for primary osteonecrosis of the knee, UKA resulted in reliable clinical improvement, minimal complications, and durable estimated implant survivorship free of revision at ten years. UKA done for secondary osteonecrosis was substantially less durable at mid-term follow-up. Progression of knee degeneration, rather than implant failure or loosening, was most common indication for conversion to TKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:450–4.
Spinal infections in children
Authors: Dayer R. , Alzahrani M. M. , Saran N. , Ouellet J. A. , Journeau P. , Tabard-Fougère A. , Martinez-Álvarez S. , Ceroni D.
Published: April 2018

Aims

This multicentre, retrospective study aimed to improve our knowledge of primary pyogenic spinal infections in children by analyzing a large consecutive case series.

Patients and Methods

The medical records of children with such an infection, treated at four tertiary institutions between 2004 and 2014, were analyzed retrospectively. Epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, radiological, and microbiological data were evaluated. There were 103 children, of whom 79 (76.7%) were aged between six months and four years.

Results

We confirmed a significant male predominance in the incidence of primary pyogenic spinal infections in children (65%). The lumbar spine was the most commonly affected region, and 27 infections (26.2%) occurred at L4/5. The white blood cell count was normal in 61 children (59%), and the CRP level was normal in 43 (42%). Blood cultures were performed in 95 children, and were positive in eight (8%). A total of 20 children underwent culture of biopsy or aspiration material, which was positive in eight (40%). Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Kingella ( K.) kingae were the most frequently isolated pathogens.

Conclusion

MSSA remains the most frequently isolated pathogen in children with primary pyogenic infection of the spine, but K. kingae should be considered as an important pathogen in children aged between six months and four years. Therefore, an empirical protocol for antibiotic treatment should be used, with consideration being made for the triphasic age distribution and specific bacteriological aetiology. In the near future, the results of polymerase chain reaction assay on throat swabs may allow the indirect identification of K. kingae spondylodiscitis in young children and thus aid early treatment. However, these preliminary results require validation by other prospective multicentre studies. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:542–8.
Displaying good fathering through the construction of physical activity as intimate practice
Authors: Earley Victoria , Fairbrother Hannah , Curtis Penny
Published: April 2018

A close father–child relationship is a potent cultural ideal in Western, post-industrial societies. This article poses physical activity as a practice through which fathers display intimacy in their relationships with their children. Utilising the premise of family display, it reveals the conduct of contemporary fathers to be suffused with meaning from the social convention that intimate fathers are ‘good fathers’. It argues that intimate fatherhood represents a discourse, serving to shape what fathers do and how they and their children display and give meaning to fathering practices.
Full-Size Cardiac Troponin I and Its Proteolytic Fragments in Blood of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Antibody Selection for Assay Development
Authors: Katrukha Ivan A , Kogan Alexander E , Vylegzhanina Alexandra V , Kharitonov Alexey V , Tamm Natalia N , Filatov Vladimir L , Bereznikova Anastasia V , Koshkina Ekaterina V , Katrukha Alexey G
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

In the blood of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) presents as an intact molecule with a repertoire of proteolytic fragments. The degradation of cTnI might negatively influence its precise immunodetection. In this study we identified cTnI fragments and calculated their ratio in the blood of patients at different times after AMI to discriminate the most stable part(s) of cTnI.

METHODS

Serial serum samples were collected from AMI patients within 1 to 36 h after the onset of chest pain both before and after stenting. cTnI and its fragments were immunoextracted from serum samples and analyzed by Western blotting with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to the different epitopes of cTnI and by 2 in-house immunoassays specific to the central and terminal portions of cTnI.

RESULTS

Intact cTnI and its 11 major fragments were detected in blood of AMI patients. The ratio of the fragments in serial samples did not show large changes in the period 1–36 h after AMI. mAbs specific to the epitopes located approximately between amino acid residues (aar) 34 and 126 stained all extracted cTnI. mAbs specific to aar 23–36 and 126–196 recognized approximately 80% to 90% (by abundance) of cTnI.

CONCLUSIONS

In addition to mAbs specific to the central part of cTnI (approximately aar 34–126), antibodies specific to the adjacent epitopes (approximately aar 23–36 and 126–196) could be used in assays because they recognize ≥80% of cTnI in patients' blood samples within the first 36 h after AMI.
Clinical syndromes of compression and surgical transection of the pituitary stalk
Authors: Astafyeva Ludmila I. , Kadashev Boris A. , Kalinin Pavel L. , Kutin Maxim A. , Klochkova Irina S. , Fomichev Dmitry V. , Sharipov Oleg I. , Andreev Dmitry N.
Published: April 2018

Background. The pituitary stalk (PS) is an anatomical structure consisting of the portal vessel system and axons of the hypothalamic nuclei terminating in the posterior pituitary lobe. Surgical injury or compression (by a tumor or another space-occupying process) of the PS can lead to hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus, and hyperprolactinemia. However, the literature lacks studies on the extent of these disorders depending on PS injury or compression in clinical practice.
Aim. The study aim was to investigate pre- and postoperative endocrine disorders in patients with chiasmo-sellar region (CSR) tumors and the PS compressed and preserved or involuntarily transected during neurosurgery.
Material and methods. The PS compressed before surgery was preserved in 82 patients (41 patients with non-functioning endosuprasellar adenoma and 41 — with suprasellar meningioma). The PS was transected during transcranial surgery in 57 patients (46 patients with pituitary stalk craniopharyngioma and 11 patients with non-functioning endosupresellar pituitary adenoma). All patients underwent blood tests for prolactin (PRL), TSH, LH, FSH, free T4, cortisol, testosterone, or estradiol levels before and 6 months after surgery.
Results. Hyperprolactinemia was detected in 37.4% of patients with CSR tumors compressing the PS. Elimination of PS compression led to normalization of the PRL level in most patients and was not accompanied by worsening of hypopituitarism symptoms. Transection of the PS resulted in panhypopituitarism in 100% of patients and diabetes insipidus in 93% of cases. There was no evidence of hyperprolactinemia in 58.7% of patients with craniopharyngiomas and 81.9% of patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas.
Conclusion. Given the difference in symptoms, we distinguished two syndromes: PS compression syndrome and PS transection syndrome. Syndrome of PS compression by a CSR tumor was characterized mainly by hyperprolactinemia (37.4% of cases); elimination of PS compression due to tumor resection led to normalization of the PRL level in most patients and was not accompanied by worsening of hypopituitarism symptoms. Syndrome of surgical PS transection in patients with craniopharyngioma (CP) and non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) manifested as panhypopituitarism in all patients and as permanent diabetes insipidus in most of them. The causes for the absence of hyperprolactinemia in many patients with the transected PS require further research. We can not exclude both adenohypophysis ischemia (due to its impaired blood supply) with partial or complete atrophy of lactotrophic cells and pituitary revascularization with restoration of dopamine transport.
Valores morais em Televisão: Análise de uma série televisiva de grande audiência
Authors: Silva Cristina , Fonseca Estela , Lourenço Orlando
Published: April 2018

Neste artigo, analisamos a série televisiva Super Pai, um programa com elevados níveis de audiência, em particular entre crianças e adolescentes, à luz da teoria de desenvolvimento moral de Kohlberg. Mais especificamente, depois da leitura e análise das sinopses de um conjunto de 73 episódios, escolhemos dois que tinham conteúdos morais mais explícitos (episódios# 4 e # 18) e atribuímos um nível e um estádio de raciocínio moral às verbalizações expressas por diversos personagens envolvidos em tais episódios. A análise efectuada mostrou que (1) a maioria das verbalizações com conteúdo moral aponta para o nível convencional, em particular para o estádio 3; (2) não aparecem verbalizações de moralidade pós-convencional(i.e., estádio 5); (3) as verbalizações de estádio 2 (nível pré-convencional) aparecem logo a seguir às de estádio 3; e (4) são mínimas as verbalizações de estádio 1 e de estádio 4.O estudo revela também que, tomadas algumas cautelas, é possível analisar determinados programas televisivos em função da teoria de desenvolvimento moral de Kohlberg, o que pode ter implicações de relevo para os responsáveis pela programação televisão, em especial se existir interesse em aproveitar o conhecimento científico já disponível na área da psicologia do desenvolvimento moral. Neste artigo, fazemos também uma referência breve às relações entre ética e televisão, bem como a alguns estudos sobre o efeito de programas televisivos no desenvolvimento cognitivo, social e moral.
Experiência da gravidez em situação de seropositividade para o VIH: Revisão da literatura brasileira
Authors: Levandowski Daniela Centenaro , Pereira Marco Daniel , Dores Silvana Dietrich Sasso das , Ritt Gabriela Cássia , Schuck Lara Monteiro , Sanches Isabela Rodrigues
Published: April 2018

Gerar um filho no contexto da seropositividade para VIH/Sida pode ser uma experiência emocionalmente difícil para as mulheres. No presente estudo, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura brasileira da última década (2000-2010) sobre a temática da experiência da gravidez em situação de seropositividade para VIH no Brasil, tendo-se identificado 20 estudos. Mais especificamente, objetivou-se identificar aspectos relevantes para futuras investigações e intervenções psicológicas junto a essa clientela. Os resultados apontaram para experiências típicas do período gestacional, como contato afetivo com o bebêe preocupação com a sua saúde, assim como experiências particulares impostas pela seropositividad e,como frustração diante da expectativa da não-amamentação e medo da transmissão vertical. O apoio social destacou-se como aspecto facilitador da adesão ao tratamento e do manejo da infecção. Os resultados encontrados permitem identificar aspectos relevantes para investigações futuras no Brasil efornecem pistas para a intervenção psicológica junto à população seropositiva.
Representações de vinculação na infância: Competência verbal, estabilidade e mudança
Authors: Maia Joana , Veríssimo Manuela , Ferreira Bruno , Monteiro Lígia , Antunes Marta
Published: April 2018

Visando identificar diferenças individuais no modo como as crianças encenam uma variedade de situações relacionadas com a vinculação, o Attachment Story Completion Task (ASCT, Bretherton & Ridgeway, 1990) tem sido utilizado em diferentes culturas, sendo uma das metodologias narrativas de completamento de histórias mais utilizadas durante o período pré-escolar. Não obstante o vasto reconhecimento do seu valor, tanto clínico como empírico, mais estudos revelam-se indispensáveis para confirmar a validade discriminativa do ASCT face a medidas de competência verbal, bem como para clarificar alguns aspectos relacionados com a sua fiabilidade. Procurando contribuir para uma melhor compreensão da utilização do instrumento na população portuguesa, o presente estudo debruça-se especificamente sobre a potencial influência da idade e do Q.I. verbal nas respostas dadas pelas crianças. O ASCT foi aplicado a 159 crianças em idade pré-escolar e escolar (M=66.11, DP=9.96),tendo o desempenho dos sujeitos ao longo da tarefa sido analisado através de uma escala contínua de segurança, por investigadores independentes, previamente treinados. Os valores de segurança (quer história a história, quer no conjunto das histórias) não apresentaram associações relevantes com nenhuma das variáveis sócio-demográficas consideradas, nem com a idade dos participantes. Foi, no entanto, encontrada uma associação positiva, de fraca intensidade com o Q.I. verbal, estimado através da WPPSI-R [Wechsler, 1989) [r=.16, p(unilateral)<.05]. A estabilidade da medida foi explorada numa sub-amostra de 34 sujeitos, após um intervalo temporal de, aproximadamente, 11 meses. Verificou-se que, embora haja uma tendência para o desempenho global dos sujeitos ser avaliado, em termos da média grupal, de forma significativamente mais elevada [t(33)=2.50, p(unilateral)<.01, d=.49], quando avaliada intra-sujeitos, a segurança mostra-se moderadamente estável (r=.33, p<.05, n=34). Finalmente, foram encontradas evidências que sugerem influências recíprocas, ao longo do desenvolvimento, entre aspectos associados à segurança das representações e capacidade verbal.
Contribuição da literacia emergente para o desempenho em leitura no final do 1.º CEB
Authors: Cruz Joana Sara , Almeida Marta , Pinto Patrícia , Constante Patrícia , Macedo Ana , Amaral Joana , Monteiro Liliana , Lopes Elisa , Ferreira Cristiana
Published: April 2018

Aprender a ler e a escrever constituem desafios não só para as crianças, mas também para os agenteseducativos que acompanham este processo. Identificar e promover as condições que facilitam umpercurso de sucesso são preocupações centrais da comunidade escolar e científica. Este estudoprocurou analisar em que medida as competências de literacia emergente, avaliadas na educação pré-escolar, predizem o desempenho em leitura e escrita no final do 1.º CEB. Participaram no estudo 117alunos do concelho de Matosinhos que frequentavam o 4.º ano de escolaridade e que tinham sidopreviamente avaliados na educação pré-escolar. Foram realizadas análises de regressão múltipla queevidenciam que as competências de literacia emergente avaliadas explicam cerca de 20% da variânciados resultados no domínio da leitura e da escrita no final do 1.ºCEB. Estes resultados impelem a umareflexão sobre a relevância da identificação precoce de crianças em risco de insucesso e de umaintervenção atempada nos primeiros anos de escolaridade.
Qualidade da vinculação percebida por mães e crianças em idade escolar provenientes de diferentes tipos de família
Authors: Simões Sónia Catarina Carvalho , Filipe Filipa Nunes Vicente Filipe de Oliveira , Farate Carlos Manuel da Cruz
Published: April 2018

A literatura tem referido que as crianças de famílias nucleares apresentam uma vinculação mais seguracomparativamente às de famílias monoparentais ou reconstituídas.Foram objetivos deste estudo investigar a qualidade da vinculação em crianças em idade escolarpertencentes a famílias nucleares, monoparentais e reconstituídas e observar a convergência entreperceção materna dos comportamentos de vinculação e representação da qualidade de vinculação dascrianças.É um estudo transversal, com 168 crianças dos 8 aos 11 anos (M=9.17) e respetivas mães. O protocolode investigação incluiu o Separation Anxiety Test (SAT) e a Escala de Perceção Materna doComportamento de Vinculação da Criança (PCV-M).Os resultados mostram não haver convergência significativa entre a perceção materna doscomportamentos de vinculação e a representação da vinculação pela criança. Somente nas famíliasmonoparentais houve diferenças no comportamento base segura do PCV-M em função darepresentação da vinculação da criança (segura/insegura). Não se observou uma associação entre otipo de família e a representação da vinculação da criança, nem diferenças na perceção materna doscomportamentos de vinculação entre os diferentes tipos de família.Em conclusão, a qualidade da vinculação das crianças não varia em função do tipo de família, mesmose há uma baixa convergência entre as perspetivas de mães e filhos em relação à qualidade docomportamento de vinculação destes últimos.
Os estilos educativos parentais e a regulação emocional: Estratégias de regulação e elaboração emocional das crianças em idade escolar.
Authors: Pinto Hugo Miguel , Carvalho Ana Rita , Sá Eduardo Nunes
Published: April 2018

O fenómeno da regulação emocional tem-se revelado um tema de grande interesse ao nível da investigação científica pela importância que adquire na vida das pessoas e nas trajetórias de desenvolvimento adaptativo das crianças. O presente estudo procura compreender a relação que as dimensões de suporte emocional, rejeição e tentativa de controlo (EMBU-C, Canavarro & Pereira, 2007) estabelecem com o grau de elaboração emocional das crianças (Era uma vez…, Fagulha, 1997) tendo em conta os movimentos do mundo interno das crianças. Participaram na investigação 64 crianças retiradas aleatoriamente de uma população de 156 crianças, de ambos os sexos, dos 3º e 4º ano de escolaridade, do ensino público e particular e cooperativo. Verificou-se que níveis mais elevados de suporte parental estão associados a níveis mais elevados de elaboração emocional e que a dimensão relativa à rejeição parental encontra-se associada a dificuldades ao nível da elaboração emocional confirmando o fenómeno emocional como convergindo para uma complexidade alicerçada na complexidade individual decorrente da importância de que a qualidade das relações parentais se reveste.
Avaliações em situações de risco e perigo para as crianças: Um roteiro organizador
Authors: Melo Ana Teixeira de , Alarcão Madalena
Published: April 2018

A avaliação é uma componente central das actividades dos profissionais que intervêm junto de famílias com crianças em situação de risco e perigo, nomeadamente em casos de maltrato. Uma avaliação constitui uma actividade orientada para a produção de informação que possa dar resposta a um conjunto específico de questões pré-determinadas e que facilite um determinado processo de tomada de decisão. A partir da revisão da literatura, apresenta-se um roteiro organizador das avaliações em situações de perigo e de risco, diferenciando os diferentes níveis de avaliação e enunciando um conjunto de questões facilitadoras da recolha de informação.
THE SOBO PENDOPO DIALOGUE: Manifestation of Deliberation Democracy in Bojonegoro District
Authors: Geraldy Galang
Published: April 2018

The background of complex socio-economic issues became the lighter of the political revolution of openness and deliberation in Bojonegoro district. The Sobo Pendopo Dialogue, initiated since the election of Kang Yoto-Kang Hartono in the 2008 election, is the start to disseminating the practice of the political revolution of openness. On that basis, the consistency of local democratization during one windu brings world appreciation through Open Government Partnership 2016. Dialogue Sobo Pendopo, in a dialectical discourse of liberal and substantial democracy, breaks down liberal assumptions that include economic and social capital as a prerequisite to the nature of democracy. Departure from that, Dialog Sobo Pendopo in the analysis through exploration theory of deliberation democracy. The concept of political participation, public space and civil society becomes the blueprint for the deliberation context of democracy in Dialog Sobo Pendopo. The research method is qualitative with grounded theory type. The presence of Sobo Dialogue Pendopo which enhances the development of the degree of local democracy, the researchers believe that the public space can transform into a public body, where the institutionalization of civic politics legitimacy really becomes the main base in strengthening the role of civil society.Latar belakang persoalan sosial ekonomi yang kompleks menjadi pemantik revolusi politik keterbukaan dan deliberasi di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Dialog Sobo Pendopo, yang digagas sejak ketepilihan Kang Yoto-Kang Hartono dalam pilkada tahun 2008 ini, menjadi pintu dalam mendiseminasi praktik revolusi politik keterbukaan. Atas dasar itu, konsistensi demokratisasi lokal selama satu windu membawa apresiasi dunia melalui Open Government Partnership 2016. Dialog Sobo Pendopo, secara dialektika wacana demokrasi liberal dan substansial, mematahkan asumsi-asumsi liberal yang menyertakan modal ekonomi dan sosial sebagai prasyarat menuju hakikat demokrasi. Berangkat dari hal tersebut, Dialog Sobo Pendopo di analisa melalui eksplorasi teori demokrasi deliberative yang diinterpretasi konsep partisipasi politik, ruang publik dan civil society. Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan tipe grounded theory. Kehadiran Dialog Sobo Pendopo yang meningkatkan perkembangan derajat demokrasi lokal, peneliti meyakini ruang publik tersebut dapat bertransformasi menjadi badan publik, dimana kelembagaan legitimasi politik kewargaan benar-benar menjadi basis utama dalam memperkuat peranan civil society.Keyword: The Sobo Pendopo Dialogue, Deliberation Democracy, Bojonegoro District
ESTETIKA FASHION URBAN
Authors: Wiratno Tri Aru
Published: April 2018

The beauty of a reality that exists in the history of human life, which becomes the beauty of a daily life of the urban masyakarat. The beauty is not merely in the form of modern art work that only gives a limit on the value of artwork. While the beauty of a day of society representation on a culture and tradition. That beauty is part of human life, which concerns something good. Not on the art form but also on the behavior of society. Because beautiful, good is good and true in a narrative in the life of society. But in contrast to the beauty of urban reality in which beauty is not a value but as a sign and that marks so beauty does not become a meaning and purpose of a work of art but an urban lifestyle. Urban fashion aesthetic with a phenomenon approach that develops in the life of urban society, today. That aesthetic fashion becomes part of urban society. As an illustration of the urban community that gives shape of fashion aesthetic.Keindahan sebuah realitas yang ada dalam sejarah kehidupan manusia, dimana menjadi keindahan sebuah kehidupan sehari-hari dari masyakarat urban. Keindahan bukan melulu pada bentuk karya seni modern yang hanya memberikan batas pada nilai karya seni. Sedangkan keindahan sehari dari masyarakat representasi pada sebuah budaya dan tradisi. Bahwa keindahan itu adalah bagian dari hidup manusia, yang menyangkut sesuatu yang baik. Bukan pada bentuk karya seni tapi juga pada prilaku masyarkatnya. Karena indah, bagus itu baik dan benar dalam sebuah penuturan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Namun berbeda dengan keindahan realitas urban di mana keindahan bukan sebuah nilai tapi sebagai sebuah tanda dan yang menandai sehingga keindahan bukan menjadi sebuah makna dan tujuan dari sebuah karya seni tapi sebuah gaya hidup (fashion) urban. Estetika fashion Urban dengan pendekatan fenomena yang berkembang pada kehidupan masyarakat kota, saat ini. Bahwa estetika fashion menjadi bagian dari masyarakat urban. Sebagai gambaran dari masyarakat urban yang memberikan bentuk dari estetika fashion.Keywords: Beauty, Culture, Fashion and Urban
USO DE MEDICAMENTOS ENTRE GESTANTES DE UM MUNICÍPIO NO SUL DE MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL
Authors: Borges Vinícius Miranda , Moura Fernanda , Cerdeira Cláudio Daniel , Santos Barros Gérsika Bitencourt
Published: April 2018

Neste estudo transversal, por meio de entrevistas domiciliares, foi mostrado o perfil farmacoterapêutico de gestantes atendidas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) durante o pré-natal, sendo que os medicamentos utilizados foram classificados segundo critérios de risco do Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Entre as 104 gestantes entrevistadas, 94,2% utilizavam medicamento e foram identificadas 53 especialidades farmacêuticas no total de 316 medicamentos (média de 3 medicamentos por gestante). A frequência de medicamentos do grupo A (n = 115, 36,4%) foi próxima ao B (n = 121, 38,3%), 3 vezes maior que o C (n = 36, 11,4%) e 4 que o D (n = 29, 9,2%). 22,1% (IC(95%) 14,4 - 29,8) das entrevistadas utilizavam medicações da classe D e 1,9% da X. Houve uma positiva e significativa correlação entre a idade gestacional e uso de medicação, com 60,1% dos medicamentos sendo consumidos no terceiro trimestre, e 56,7% das gestantes utilizando-os neste período. As classes terapêuticas mais consumidas foram: vitaminas/suplementos minerais/preparações anti-anêmicas (35.33% dos 316 medicamentos; 72,97% das entrevistadas), analgésicos (14,6%; 44% das gestantes) e agentes anti-infecciosos de uso sistêmico (10,1%; 19,2% das gestantes), e os medicamentos foram: ácido fólico (17,72% IC(95%) 13,67 - 22,39), sulfato ferroso (15,82% IC(95%) 11,98 - 20,32) e paracetamol (12,97% IC(95%) 9,47 - 17,19). 22% das 104 entrevistadas relataram o hábito de tabagismo antes da gestação e, 12,5% continuaram com o hábito durante o período gestacional, enquanto que 21 gestantes faziam uso de bebidas alcoólicas antes da gestação e, entre estas, 17 interromperam o consumo durante a gestação. Portanto, é reportado nesse estudo um grande número de medicamentos prescritos para gestantes, constante nas 5 classes de risco do FDA, incluindo uma grande quantidade de medicamentos das classes de alto risco teratogênico (D e X), e uma considerável proporção de gestantes utilizando mais de um medicamento. O controle e supervisão do uso de medicamentos devem ser levados em consideração durante os cuidados no pré-natal, visto que o consumo de certos medicamentos durante a gestação pode acarretar em danos teratogênicos e/ou complicações que causam aborto e comprometem a saúde da gestante.
Inhibition of the oxidative stress-induced miR-125b protects glucose metabolic disorders of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells
Authors: Liu Gang , Zhang Chun-Di , Wang Jing , Jia Wan-Cheng
Published: April 2018

The dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with aging leads to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Oxidative stress has been demonstrated as one of the causes of retinal pathological conditions. This study was conducted to investigate the mechanism of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell dysfunction. We report miR-125b is induced by H2O2 treatments in RPE cells. In addition, we observed inhibited glucose metabolism under oxidative stress. Overexpression of miR-125b promotes the disorders of cellular glucose metabolism through direct targeting Hexokinase 2 (HK2). Restoration of HK2 in H2O2 treated RPE cells prevents the oxidative stress-suppressed glucose metabolism. Inhibition of the H2O2-induced miR-125b by inhibitor significantly prevented disorders of glucose metabolism. This study will contribute to the development of the miRNA based therapeutic approaches for against the oxidative stress-mediated human AMD.
Effects of grape seed extract, quercetin and vitamin C on ovine oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development
Authors: Karimian Maryam , Zandi Mohammad , Sanjabi Mohammad Reza , Masoumian Majid , Ofoghi Hamideh
Published: April 2018

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) versus quercetin and vitamin C on in vitro oocyte maturation and embryo development in sheep. The free radical scavenging activity of different concentrations of each product was measured by 1, 1- diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH). Oocytes were collected from ovaries of slaughtered ewes and matured in TCM-199 medium containing fetal calf serum, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol-17 Î², sodium pyruvate, and gentamicin sulfate. The in vitro fertilization and culture were performed using Bracket and Oliphant's (BO) medium and modified Charles Rosenkrans medium with amino acids (mCR2aa), respectively. The results showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of grape seed had free radical scavenging activity. IC50 value for GSE, vitamin C, and quercetin was found to be 585 µg/mL, 53 µg/mL, and 43 µg/mL, respectively. The concentrations, which showed beneficial effects on oocyte maturation and early development based on the mean number of cleavage, morula and blastocyst rates, were 25-200 µg/mL, 5 or 15 µg/mL, and 800 µg/mL, respectively, for vitamin C, quercetin and GSE. However, there were no significant differences between different concentrations of GSE and control. Findings also highlight the great effect on blastocyst rate while adding GSE at 800 µg/mL. However, the best rate of blastocyst production was obtained in presence of quercetin. Findings suggested the need for further studies on special molecules derived from GSE.
A candidate single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region (rs17878624) of survivin gene for NSCLC
Authors: Aynaci Engin , Coskunpinar Ender , Yildiz Pinar
Published: April 2018

Survivin is a gene that locates on human chromosome 17q25 and contains 142 amino acid. Survivin (BIRC5) is the first one of the found inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) that is an important  protein family and regulates apoptosis. It is expressed particularly in cancer cells. 3'UTR region of gene has components that is necessary for gene function and this region plays a critical role in the regulation of posttranscriptional regulation of the gene expression. Therefore, polymorphisms in this region may affect the function of the gene. The purpose of the study is to investigate possible relationship, that is associated with development and prognosis of the disease, between the 3 'UTR region (rs17878624) polymorphism and NSCLC in a Turkish society.
An investigation of NIS expression in gastric tissue of obese individuals
Authors: Mihcioglu Deniz , Ozbas Gerceker Filiz , Aksoy Basar , Yilmaz Nimet , Hekim Suleyman Nezih
Published: April 2018

Obesity is seen as one of the top ten (10) illness's listed by World Health Organization (WHO). It is a global problem that can affect people of all ages. Obesity is identified one of the most important factors leading to diabetes, heart disease and hypertension. Individuals with a Body Mass Index (BMI) above 40 kg/m2 are defined with morbid obesity. Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) gene is a plasma membrane glycoprotein that mediates iodide uptake in thyroid glands, stomach, salivary glands, lactating mammary glands and intestine. NIS gene transports iodide from the blood to the gastric epithelial cells. NIS gene expression and regulatory role of NIS gene in gastrointestinal tract, hasn't been studied yet in the individuals with obesity (i.e., BMI >40 kg/m2). In this study, gastric tissues were obtained by laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy from 33 individuals diagnosed with obesity. Control group consisted of gastric tissue of 21 subjects with normal BMI obtained by endoscopy. RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis and qRT-PCR analyses were performed on the samples to determine NIS gene expression. Expression levels of NIS gene were compared between obese and control individuals, although an increase was observed in obese patients this difference was not found to be statistically important (p>0.05).
Up-regulation of receptor interaction protein 140 promotes glucolipotoxicity-induced damage in MIN6 cells
Authors: Xue Li Jun , Huang Qi , Zeng Jiao E , Zhu Hui , Xu Cheng Yan
Published: April 2018

The receptor interaction protein 140 (RIP140) cofactor is a key regulator of metabolic balance, but its function in glucose- and lipid-mediated damage in islet Î² cells is unknown and was investigated in this study. RIP140 expression and distribution was evaluated in MIN6 cells under high glucose and lipid conditions using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), western blotting and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cells were separately treated with 500 Î¼M palmitic acid and 25 mM glucose when RIP140 expression was upregulated or downregulated, and cell viability, apoptosis rate, the level of oxidative stress and insulin secretion was assessed, as was the expression of related genes. Increased glucose and palmitic acid elevated RIP140 expression and distribution in nuclei. Overexpression of RIP140 promoted apoptosis but inhibited cell viability in MIN6 cells, and basal insulin secretion and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion levels were altered following treatment with glucose and palmitic acid. In addition, oxidative stress was elevated, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and uncoupling protein 2 messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance were increased, B-cell lymphoma-2 protein levels were decreased, and peroxisome proliferators activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase , and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 mRNA levels were downregulated. Furthermore, glucolipotoxicity-induced damage was reversed when RIP140 expression was downregulated by small interfering RNA (SiRNA). RIP140 promotes islet Î² cells damage caused by glucolipotoxicity.
The Physical State of the Universe in the Planck Era
Authors: Riggs Peter J.
Published: April 2018

The Planck Era cannot be given an accurate mathematical description until the full theory of quantum gravity is available. However, some aspects of the physical state of the Planck Era can be revealed by order of the magnitude considerations which also have implications for the low entropy of the very early universe.
Partnering for Universal Health Coverage in Thailand
Authors: Nam Illan
Published: April 2018

The Thai National Health Security Act of 2002 established a universal health coverage program that extended health care to 18 million previously uninsured Thais and significantly reduced rates of medical impoverishment. This article highlights the key role that a coalition of health bureaucrats and NGOs played in achieving this outcome.
Bhutan and Sino–Indian Rivalry
Authors: Mitra Subrata K. , Thaliyakkattil Srikanth
Published: April 2018

The military standoff between Chinese and Indian troops in the disputed territory of Doklam brought forward the foreign policy dilemmas of Bhutan and its search for an optimal strategy toward its two neighboring big powers. This paper discusses Bhutan’s attempts to balance its overwhelming dependence on India with the necessity of normal diplomatic relations with China.
Recruitment and Violence in Nepal’s Civil War
Authors: Eck Kristine
Published: April 2018

This article shows that the statistical correlation between poverty and violence during the conflict in Nepal (1996–2006) is unlikely to be explained by grievances or low opportunity costs among the poor, but is better explained by considering the rebels’ strategy. This underscores the importance of validating arguments from statistical studies.
Australia and the Rules-Based Order in Asia
Authors: Bisley Nick , Schreer Benjamin
Published: April 2018

In response to a more-contested Asia, Australia has placed the ‘rules-based order’ at the heart of its declaratory strategic policy. This move signals Australia’s commitment to this order, to its alliance with the United States, and to a more active strategic role in the region. However, a failure to match rhetoric with action risks undermining Australia’s strategic interests by emboldening China and reducing Australia’s value as an American ally.
North Korea’s Foreign Policymaking and Nuclear Weapons
Authors: Cho Pyungse , Lim Jae-Cheon
Published: April 2018

This paper examines the determinants of North Korea’s foreign policymaking to show why denuclearization efforts continue to fail to curb, let alone end, its nuclear weapons program. Two determinants, namely South Korea’s existential threat and North Korea’s juche ideology, are explored to conclude that “nuclear North Korea” is a natural and non-negotiable manifestation of its foreign policymaking.
Evaluating Risk After a Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant Released Persistent Organic Pollutants. Part 2. Ecotoxicology and Human Health Risk
Authors: Guidotti Tee L.
Published: April 2018

On 16 October 1996, a malfunction at the Swan Hills Special Waste Treatment Center (SHSWTC) in Alberta, Canada, released an undetermined quantity of persistent organic pollutants to the atmosphere, including PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs. The circumstances of exposure are detailed in Part 1, Background and Policy Issues. An ecologically based, staged health risk assessment was conducted in two parts with two levels of government as sponsors. The first, called the Swan Hills Study, is described in this part, which was conducted by the Government of Alberta to evaluate the human health risks, primarily by determining contaminant levels in wild game and fish and in serum of residents of the area to reflect body burden. A diet and activity survey was conducted by telephone to determine and to inform an initial advisory on consumption of country foods. A subsequent evaluation, called the Lesser Slave Lake Study, focused exclusively on Aboriginal residents in the area and is presented in Part 3 of this case study. Because this is a case study and not a research report, the findings are presented as they became available at the time of the study.
Nine Neurolaw Predictions
Authors: Hoffman Morris B.
Published: April 2018

A sitting trial judge, and member of the MacArthur Foundation’s Research Network on Law and Neuroscience, makes short-term, long-term and “never happening” predictions about the impacts neuroscience will have on law.
Perancangan Aplikasi Surat Masuk dan Keluar pada PT. Angkasa Pura 1 Semarang
Authors: Sugiharti Endang , Triliani Sulis Eli
Published: April 2018

Salah satu permasalahan dalam pengelolaan surat di PT. Angkasa Pura 1 terutama dalam pencatatan surat masih menggunakan pencataan dalam buku agenda dan menggunakan Microsoft Excel sebagai catatan record transaksi surat. Dengan banyaknya jumlah surat yang dibuat maka pencarian akan tidak menjadi efisien. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi hal tersebut adalah dengan membuat sistem aplikasi surat masuk dan keluar dengan menggunakan Visual Basic 6.0, MySQL sebagai databasenya dan crystal report untuk pembuatan laporannya. Data yang digunakan dalam pembuatan sistem aplikasi ini adalah data surat masuk dan data surat keluar PT. Angkasa Pura 1 (Persero) kantor cabang Bandar Udara Internasional Ahmad Yani Semarang tahun 2013-2014. Hasil dari perancangan sistem aplikasi ini adalah sistem aplikasi penginputan data surat masuk dan surat keluar, update data surat masuk dan keluar, pencarian data surat masuk dan keluar, pembuatan laporan data surat masuk dan keluar. Peneliti menyarankan bahwa sistem aplikasi ini dapat digunakan pada PT. Angkasa Pura 1 (Persero) kantor cabang Bandar Udara Internasional Ahmad Yani Semarang. Apabila sistem aplikasi tersebut ingin dikembangkan, bisa dikembangkan menjadi client server.
Pengembangan E-Lecture menggunakan Web Service Sikadu untuk Mendukung Perkuliahan di Universitas Negeri Semarang
Authors: Putra Anggyi Trisnawan
Published: April 2018

Proses penjadwalan di Universitas Negeri Semarang yang sedemikian rumit menghasilkan data penjadwalan yang tersimpan di dalam database Sikadu (Sistem Informasi Akademik Terpadu) berupa keterkaitan antara data dosen, mahasiswa, dan mata kuliah. Namun, data ini tidak diintegrasikan secara langsung ke dalam aplikasi/sistem e-learning yang disediakan oleh Unnes, mengakibatkan adanya proses/kegiatan yang tidak perlu sebelum dapat menggunakan aplikasi e-learning. Dengan fakta bahwa data penjadwalan dapat diakses secara online, dapat dirancang aplikasi pendukung e-lecture dengan memanfaatkan data tersebut. Pertama-tama, dirancang web service yang akan menyajikan akses aman ke dalam data Sikadu. Lalu, dirancang database e-lecture yang akan memanfaatkan web service yang telah dibuat tersebut. Data akan disajikan dalam interface yang dibuat dengan HTML, bermesin PHP. Dosen dan mahasiswa dapat menggunakan akses login yang sama dengan Sikadu untuk dapat langsung memanfaatkan aplikasi ini. Dengan adanya aplikasi ini, proses perkuliahan meliputi sharing bahan ajar, pemberian tugas/aktivitas kuliah, integrasi pengumpulan tugas, koreksi nilai tugas, pembatasan waktu pengumpulan tugas secara tegas (tersistem) dan lain sebagainya dapat dilakukan secara mudah dan efisien.