bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Intelligent Approach to Elevation Profiling for LADAKH using QGIS techniques
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Sammanit Debaroti , Singh S K
Published: December 2021

With the trending technological advancement, geographic information systems are finding their supremacy in many fields of research and technology, ranging from geographical inputs to population trends to medical advancements in full spheres of work in today’s progressing world. The emergence of Quantum GIS has now facilitated areas like change monitoring, forecasting. The paper aims to prove the elevation system forecast for the Ladakh region, which has lesser mobility in the present times; the paper’s findings focus on opening a new gateway for the engineered constructions in the region for improved connectivity that is confined to the summer months. Thus, ESRI’s GIS software helps analyse the terrain difficulties in the stipulated area via topics like raster feed, georeferencing, and mesh layer creation.
Utilization of Rice Straw Ash as Fine Aggregate in Mortar Mixes
Authors: Sehgal Mohit , Arora Sahil
Published: December 2021

This research paper highlights the Rice Straw Ash (RSA) which is an agriculture wastage from rice cultivation and milling processes can be utilized in construction work. Compressive strength is increased due to replacement of rice straw ash up to 12.5% and also 10% cement replacing, it also increases the initial and final settlement time of mortar. By replacing of 10% RSA, the compressive strength is step by step increased and also by replacing the cement ratio the property of mortar (Water permeability) is depended and so as age of mortar. We can simply describe it that, by increasing age and compressive strength of mortar the permeability is decreased. Permeability of RSA mortar depends on the cement substitution percentage of RSA and age of mortar. When the permeability decreases, the compressive strength of mortar also increases.
Assessment of agrochemical residues in banana fruit by using gas chromatography and QuEChers technique
Authors: Chaudhary Bhanu , Dhiman Sourabh , Verma Vikas
Published: December 2021

Present study is performed to analyze the residues of agrochemicals in banana fruit sold in the Chandigarh region. Aim is to check whether the agrochemical waste of residues is within the maximum residue levels (MRLs) or not. Market survey was conducted in the fruit ripening godowns and it was observed that different toxic agrochemicals are being used in the banana cultivation and only 15% of working people were aware of chemicals and their harmful effects. The occurrence of some toxic agrochemical residues like endosulfan, carbendazim, chloropyripos, chlorthiophos was analyzed in the banana fruit samples taken from different markets areas of chandigarh. Multi-residue analysis was performed in peel and pulp differently for 10 different samples by gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC MS). Chlorthiophos (organophosphorus pesticide) was found in three peel samples having range 0.004 – 0.23 mg kg−1and one pulp sample have concentration 0.005 mg kg−1. Carbendazim concentration was in two peel samples have concentrations 0.002 and 0.07 mg kg−1. Endosulfan, chloropyrifus were absent in all samples whereas presence of carbendazim and chlorothiophos were found within MRL guidelines of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
Experimental study of concrete prepared by kota stone dust, bagasse ash, and recycled concrete
Authors: Vani Harshdeep , Arora Sahil
Published: December 2021

This paper mainly deals with the cost analysis of the concrete which is prepared using environmental waste which forms pollution and having its disposable issue also. This concrete may be termed as green concrete because the use of these materials decreases the harmful gas formation of the concrete. This paper deals with Kota Stone Dust, Bagasse Ash, and Recycled coarse aggregates. The concrete is prepared by the various ratios of Kota Stone in order of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. The use of bagasse ash was done in ratio 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and use of Recycled Aggregate was done in ratio of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. After the successful experimental study of concrete using this material the cost reduction for M25 grade of concrete was found to be 645 INR.
Seismic analysis of hybrid structures with and without shear walls
Authors: Naseri Mir Rahman , Singh Balwinder
Published: December 2021

A hybrid structure is one that combines more than two different types of materials to compensate for weak places while also maximizing strength. Hybrid steel and concrete frameworks, as well as other modern materials, are unified at the member or framework unit. Hybrid structures are frequent in high-rise and super-high-rise building projects, and they provide the benefit of cost savings. Shear walls are built to withstand lateral loadings like earthquakes and winds loads. The response spectrum analysis approach is frequently used to measure design stresses for earthquake-prone structures. The modelling and analysis of the regular plan structures are done by CSI ETABS 2019 in IV seismic zones, on type II (medium soil) of India According to IS 1893 (Part-1) 2016. The aims of this study Response spectrum analysis of 41 storey RCC and hybrid structures with shear walls and without shear walls are compared. RCC and hybrid structures with shear walls showed lower storey displacement, storey drift, and story shear values than RCC and hybrid structures without shear walls, according to the results of this study. The research results will be helpful as a reference and a tool for seismic analysis of hybrid structures.
Experimental Studies of Marble Concrete Prepared with Micro Silica and Rice Straw Ash
Authors: Raina Abhishek , Kaur Gurinder , Tangri Amanpreet
Published: December 2021

This experimental study is about the investigation of the concrete prepared with marble waste, micro silica and Rice Straw. Investigation is done by determining ad comparing the mechanical Strength properties and cost of Proposed concrete with the Normal conventional concrete. The different test on the marble concrete shows that the incrment in marble powder content increases the mechanical strength of concrete. Marble is costlier than the Coarse aggregate, so it also increases the cost of the concrete. Micro silica fills the voids in the concrete and helps in the increment of the strength. After the replacement of recycled aggregates and addition of the silica fume, Rice Straw ash can replace cement by 15% without any decrement in the strength of the concrete. Total water absorption of the concrete Decreases due to use of marble because it does not absorb any water.
Synthesis Techniques for rare Earth doped up-conversion Nano-materials for Solar cells – A brief Review
Authors: Kumari Rinku , Vinayak Karan Singh , Kumar Deepak
Published: December 2021

Extended efficiency of solar cells to ensemble more solar energy as well as its optimum conversion and utilization is believed to be a major challenge in current times. The spectral mismatch between the distribution of energy in the solar spectrum incidence and the semiconducting material band gap is a major restriction in the performance of solar cells. The conversion of wavelength of the sun is a necessary requisite to reduce spectral disruption. Of late, the solar cell converters are presumed as up-converted components and products derived from down conversion. Materials like NaCsWO3, NaYF4, and NaYF4: Yb, Er are synthesized and used to overcome the problem like deficiency of up-conversion luminescence (UCL) materials and device structures. The intensity of UCL can be enhanced by a significant time when the amount of NaCsWO3 is 2.8 m mol per cent. UCL material is considered as one of the best approaches to obtain high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In order to overcome these difficulties, not only were these effective up-conversion nano-particles (UPCNPs) doped into the hole layer but the perovskite foil was also modified in PSCs. The highest power conversion (PCE) performance reached 18.89%. Enhanced UCLs allow for UCNPs to extend the recognition spectrum of near PSCs. The objective of this comprehensive and focused review is to highlight the different synthesis techniques used in up-conversion nano-materials, for solar cell applications along with a theoretical perspective in this regard.
Analysis and Design of Cable Stayed and Suspension Bridge Subjected to Wind Loading
Authors: Reshi Farhan Farid , Singh Priyanka , Shivangil  , Tomar Ravinder Kumar , Singh S K
Published: December 2021

Bridge can be defined as a structure which is built to pass a physical obstacle such as river road or valley and this structure does not close the way underneath it. The main objective of the bridgeis to provide a passage which can surpass any obstacle. A bridge is designed according to various specific purposes depending upon the need function and various physical factors. Cable-stayed bridge is having one or more columns called towers or pylons, with the cables directly supporting the bridge deck. Cable-stayed bridge is the bridge form in which the weight of the deck is supported by a number of nearly straight diagonal cables in tension running directly to one or more vertical towers. The towers transfer the cable forces to the foundations through vertical compression. The tensile forces in the cables also put the deck into horizontal compression. A suspension bridge is able to carry vertical loads with the help of curved cables in tension. Transfer of load takes place to both the towers, which is transferred by vertical compression to the ground, and anchorages, which is able to withstand the inward and occasionally vertical pull of the cables. The suspension bridge is often looked as an upside-down arch in tension with only the towers as compression members. In this research work, analysis and design of cable stayed and suspension bridge subjected to wind loading has been carried out.
A Comparative Study on Conventional Clay Bricks and Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks
Authors: kumar Rahul , Thakur Ankur , Tiwary Aditya Kumar
Published: December 2021

In India, traditional clay brick is the most common filler material used in building. The materials used in construction have a significant influence on both the constructed environment and the project’s ultimate cost. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) has recently emerged as a viable alternative to clay and fly ash bricks. In this work, a comparison of clay bricks and AAC blocks is explored. Although AAC blocks have been utilised in building since 1924, they now account for just 16-18% of all construction in India. AAC blocks have desirable mechanical qualities in proportion to their low bulk density, improved thermal and acoustic properties, light weight, and ease of installation, making them an obvious alternative to replace traditional clay bricks. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the potential of AAC blocks as an infill material to replace clay bricks and to encourage its usage in construction to create more energy efficient and sustainable structures. AAC blocks’ potential as an infill material in hilly areas is discussed.
A review on heavy metal accumulation and toxicity in biotic and abiotic components
Authors: Kaur Manmeet , Sharma Akriti , Aditya
Published: December 2021

Pollutants in the environment remains to be a global issue and among the greatest challenges confronting mankind. Among the various kinds of pollutants, heavy metals have drawn a lot of attention owing to their toxicity. Heavy metals are recognized to be naturally existing, however they are introduced in considerable quantities in many environmental compartments due to anthropogenic activities. When added into the atmosphere eventually these find their way back to the ground, contaminating soils and water. These metals enter into the plant system through a variety of physiological mechanisms, affecting plant growth and development. The possible entry of these elements into the ecosystem has been attributed to the increased levels of heavy metals in the ecosystem through direct intake from polluted soils, vegetables grown on polluted soils, or drinking wastewater that has infiltrated through such soils. Heavy metal accumulation arises when vegetable crops are grown in an environment contaminated with heavy metal, further entering and magnifying in the food chain. Human health is jeopardised by the presence and consumption of potentially harmful heavy metals in biota and groundwater. Heavy metal exposure can cause a number of serious human health implications, including kidney disease, respiratory problems, neurological disorders, and cancer. These heavy metals have an impact not merely on plants and humans, but also on soil health, water sources, soil nutrient status, and other aquatic organisms. These are irreversibly introduced in the environment since they cannot be degraded and are typically present in trace amounts, yet even at low levels, many of them can be harmful. The increased levels of heavy metals in the environment are hence currently prompting increased concern and need improvised remedial measures.
Impact of using Recycled Demolition waste as Aggregates in Steel Fiber Reinforced Self-compacting Concrete on its Sulphate Resistance
Authors: Anurag  , Singh S.K
Published: December 2021

The objective of performing this study was to estimate the impact of replacement of natural aggregates (NAs) with the recycled demolition waste aggregates (rDWAs) on the sulphate resistance of steel fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete (FRSCC). In this regard, 13 laboratory experiments were conducted and analyzed using central composite design (CCD) in combination with response surface methodology (RSM). The sulphate resistance was evaluated in the form of % reduction is compressive strength (CS) of the FRSCC samples after 28 days, 90 days and 120 days. It was revealed that after 28 days, 90 days and 120 days the % reduction in CS was 97%, 14.85% and 8.6% more than the control samples, respectively. Also, the % reduction in CS of the FRSCC samples showed a linear relation with both the process parameters i.e., % replacement of NAs with rDWAs and % dosage of steel fibers. The findings of this study are expected to encourage the reuse of rDWAs in FRSCC-based structures.
Strength and flexural toughness of hybrid fibre reinforced fly ash based concrete
Authors: Kumar A , Singh S P , Bawa S , Tiwary Aditya Kumar
Published: December 2021

To overcome concrete brittleness and to provide toughness, fibre reinforcement is commonly utilized. Fibre reinforcement to concrete in the form of hybrid fibre is a new concept to achieve individual fibre benefits. In this paper, the effect of polypropylene fibre (PF) and steel fibre (SF) either individually or with different combinations at 1% fibre volume fraction on the strength, flexural toughness, and Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) value of FIBRE-reinforced fly ash (FA) based concrete has been presented. For this purpose, one control mix having 25% FA and 0% fibre and five mixes with different hybrid fibre combinations of 1%PF-0%SF, 0.75%PF-0.25%SF%, 0.50%PF-0.50%SF, 0.25%PF-0.75%SF, and 0%PF-1%SF were cast. ASTM C 1609 method was utilized to evaluate the flexural toughness. Experimental results have shown an improvement in all the above-said properties (expect UPV) by the addition of fibre, but improvement is more significant in mixes with a higher percentage of SF when compared with mixes at a higher percentage of PF. Mix with a hybrid fibre combination of 0.25% PF and 0.75% SF gave the best result among all the fibre-reinforced fly ash-based mixes.
Partial replacement of fine aggregate with Copper slag and marble dust powder in geo-polymer concrete: A review
Authors: Singh Amrinder , Mehta Shalika
Published: December 2021

-As of late the ascent of substantial creation costs has consistently been a worry of substantial makers and customers. Using current waste to override concrete and some poIn ongoing years the ascent of substantial creation costs has consistently been a worry of substantial makers and buyers. Using present day waste to override concrete and some bit of all out can diminish its cost and environmental dirt of all out can decrease its cost and natural tainting. The mark to the purpose of this paper to audit the shot at powder made from marble dust close by the copper slag as an in part substitution to fine aggregate all out in geo-polymer concrete. Marble dust powder was used in mix in comprise copper slag as in part substitution to fine aggregate in level of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. The strength of geo-polymer concrete was tested after 7 & 28 days. Result shows that compressive strength is increased after the replacement of 60% of copper slag and marble dust powder to fine aggregate and also flexural strength and split tensile strength increases strength upto 60% and 80% after replacement. These discoveries of the examination express that powdered marble dust will be utilized as the conceivable substitution material to fine aggregate to give maximum strength copper slag geo-polymer concrete.
A Study on the Strength Aspects of Concrete with Metakaolin, GGBFS and Rice Husk Ash as Partial Replacement of OPC
Authors: Sharma Amit , Gupta Sanjeev
Published: December 2021

The impact of the OPC on the environment is important as its production generates a large amount of CO2. In order to reduce the use of pure raw materials as resources, the use of industrial waste or secondary materials in construction sites for the production of cement and concrete has been encouraged. The volume of wastes generated worldwide has increased over the years due to the population, social and economic performance and social development. One of the most attractive options for waste management is to minimize waste and reuse the possibility of recycling. The cost of cement used in concrete works is increasing and unsatisfactory, but the demand for this material and other housing needs is rising, so it is important to find alternatives that can be used alone or in a partial replacement. In this research work several auxiliary cementitious ingredients such as metakaoline, GGBFS and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) were used to improve the strength properties of the conservative concrete. Metakaolin and GGBFS was used at a fixed percentage of 10 percent as fractional substitution of the OPC-43 grade cement, while the RHA was used at different percent ranging from 0 to 25 percent at an increment of 5 percent in each case as fractional substitution of the OPC-43 grade cement. Numerous examinations were executed so as to envisage the effect of these materials over the strength and engineering properties of the concrete. The test results conclude that the usage of the metakaolin, GGBFS and the RHA in combined form increased the strength and engineering properties of the conventional concrete up to a great extent. From the obtained test results it can be further concluded that the particle size of the supplementary cementitious materials plays a significant role in enhancing the internal micro-structure of the concrete and which further leads to the higher strength of the concrete. Also the main reason behind the advanced strength was the presence of the metakaolin and GGBFS in the concrete, whose chemical properties densifies the concrete and made the concrete more stable and promotes higher strength. Future work can also be done on the usage of several other supplementary cementitious materials at different other percentages so as to improve concrete properties.
A Study on Electro-Magnetic Properties of Concrete by Using Steel Fiber and Graphite
Authors: Verma Abhishek , Gahir Jagdeep Singh
Published: December 2021

This research paper describes the properties of electromagnetism of concrete mix that are sustained to make “Electrically Conductive Concrete”. Thus, the values provide various information on the behaviour of concrete mix and its relation with electromagnetic waves. Steel Fiber and Graphite are conductive materials. The properties of conductive concrete mix that is coarse aggregates, sand and cement can be measured. In the physical significance, the data calculated in X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electronic Microscope was discussed. The contact between the Steel Fiber and graphite is improved to make electrically conductive concrete. The strength is gained continuously till 3% where the maximum strength is gained which is 9.77% higher than the strength achieved by controlled sample. The control sample achieved 26.60MPa, with addition of 1% steel fibers the concrete achieved 29.40MPa, further increase in steel fiber content to 2% gained higher strength of 30.50MPa. The maximum compressive strength of 31.50MPa was achieved with the addition of 3% steel fibers. Further increase in steel fiber content resulted in decrease in strength, though 4% steel fiber reinforced concrete achieved 30.70MPa
Significant Factors Affecting Quality and Quality Maximizing Methods of Construction Projects In Outskirt Areas of Afghanistan
Authors: Farhat Khalil Rahman , Rana Abhishek Singh
Published: December 2021

A project completed according to specific design and including its certain time and plan that called to be ending well project but in general, projects totalize less or outside the pre-planned budget and time because several various factors in the circle of the world all country developing country and developed country via various percentage variance through its predestinated period, On the other hand, that research carried out to study scads significant factors affecting quality and quality improving ways of construction projects in environ region of Afghanistan, on the other word, a questionnaire was expanded according to recognized factors that are obtained according to literature to obtain idea from professionals of construction. The building professionals who have given their responses are consultants/engineers, owners/clients, managers & contractors. The analyses used here are the ranks and Relative Importance Index that has done through the use of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). However, the questionnaire operated and obtained and at the end of this survey analysis top ten effectible factors which affecting quality of construction projects and five main quality improvement methods were identified which will improve the quality. The top ten affecting quality factors are: Corruption during implementation of projects, Security challenge during the implementation of projects, Negligible testing and inspection, Little technical knowledge of Contractors, Material delivered to site with poor quality, Inadequate site supervision, Lack of quality assurance, Shortage of Skilled Manpower, Poor planning and scheduling, Lack of strategic planning. Five qualities, maximizing methods are High experience technical team appointment, Site management and supervision, properly structured, Experienced and skilled Contractor’s staff, Staff of supervision must be skilled and experienced, High experience labor using.
Finite Element Modeling of Tension Stiffening and Cracking of Reinforced Concrete Components: State of Art
Authors: Seema  , Tiwary Aditya Kumar , Zandonini R.
Published: December 2021

The scientific community has been debating the vulnerability of structures to progressive collapse and how to mitigate the impact of local damages leading to un-proportional collapse. Recent tragedies have highlighted the necessity for particular design requirements to provide appropriate safety levels against progressive collapse as a result of damages caused by unusual loads. The performance of composite and reinforced concrete components in the realm of large displacements is presently the focus of study. The behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) components, as well as the finite element model used to simulate RC parts under tension, were critically examined. This has aided in the understanding of concrete’s non-negligible contribution to tension stiffening response up to failure, particularly in the case of composite constructions with discontinuous geometry. The extensive study of literature provided insight into various modelling techniques and advised that experimental and numerical research be used to enhance diverse possibilities of model exploration.
Enhancement of antioxidant activity of kencur rhizome in the shade by potassium fertilizer
Authors: Zaini F , R Friska AR , Mustika D M , Tyasmoro S Y , Saitama A , Zaini A H , Widaryanto E
Published: December 2021

Abstracts. Kencur has been traditionally used as a medical plant for a long time. The potential content of kencur rhizomes as a medical plant lead to the idea of conducting a study that aims to determine the yield and antioxidant content of rhizomes cultivated in the shade and the effect of potassium fertilizer application. The research was conducted in two stages. The first stage was kencur cultivation in the AgroTechno-Park UB in Jatikerto from November 2020 to June 2021 designed according to the Split-split plot design (3 factor treatments). The main factor was the shade, sub plots were accession of kencur, and t doses of potassium fertilizer. The second stage was conducted in the Plant Physiology Laboratory to analyze the antioxidant content after the field experiment. The results showed that there was increased antioxidant activity in kencur rhizomes due to the use of potassium fertilizer and shade. The 25% shade produced higher antioxidants than 50% shade in both Lumajang and Nganjuk’s accessions.
Economic and environmental studies of conservation agriculture on dryland in Central Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Lastariningsih E , Sjah T , Tanaya I G L P
Published: December 2021

Agricultural development needs to pay attention to environmental issue since the economic only focus of the development threatens. One of the moves into this environmental awareness is by practicing conservation agriculture. This paper aims to analyze the economic and environmental impacts of implementing conservation agriculture practices which is implemented with the application of manure, mulch of previous crop residue and legumes as cover crop comparing to non conservation agriculture which is implemented high chemical fertilizer, herbicide, no mulch and plants only maize on dryland in Central Lombok, Indonesia. Economic and environmental impacts of conservation agriculture are identified by comparing conservation agriculture with non-conservation agriculture practices. Data were collected through observations by researchers, farmers, and extension workers. The primary data are accompanied by data from secondary sources, such as literatures and research reports. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, providing figures as well as descriptive explanation. The result of analysis showed that Conservation agriculture, implemented with the application of manure and mulch of previous crop residues, economically was able to reduce the purchase of herbicides and chemical fertilizer, save labor costs and time in plant maintenance. Conservation agriculture practice is environmentally friendly because was able to reduce air pollution, retain groundwater and add soil organic matter. In addition, farmers income increase in conservation agriculture through diversification of crop production and savings in production cost. The positive impact of conservation agriculture, economically and environmentally leads to the recommendation to expand the practice of conservation agriculture, in the location or elsewhere.
Foliar Organic Fertilizer Enhanced Growth, Yield and Carotenoid Content of Carrot Plants (Daucus carota L.) Cultivated in the Lowland
Authors: Nikmatullah A , Samudra G G , Zawani K , Muslim K , Nairfana I , Sarjan M
Published: December 2021

Carrot is an increasingly important root vegetable in Indonesia, and it is commonly served as cooked mixed-vegetables or consumed freshly as salads or juices. Therefore, development of eco-friendly cultivation technology, including in lowlands, is important to meet the increased demand. This research analysed growth and yield of carrot plant in lowland in response to foliar-organic-fertilization as well as characterized the quality, carotenoid and sugar contents as well as hardness of the taproot. A Randomized completely block design (an RCBD) experiments was conducted in Bagik Polak Village, Labuapi District of West Lombok Regency (at ca. 45 m above mean sea level/amsl) from June to October 2020. During the cource of the experiment, the carrot plants were treated with 6 concentration of foliar organic fertilizer, that were 0 ml/L (K0), 5 ml/L (K1), 10 ml/L (K2), 15 ml/L (K3), 20 ml/L (k4) dan 25 ml/L (K5). There was no chemical fertilization added to the plots, but chicken manure of 20 tons/ha was equally given to all treatments. Application of foliar organic fertilizer increased growth and yield of the carrot plant by increasing physiological responses of the carrot plant as shown by a decrease ratio of above to below ground biomass and increase in the leaf chlorophyll content. Interestingly, application of foliar organic fertilizer enhanced the sweetness, carotenoid contents of the carrot taproots compared to the control plants.
Agronomic response of kangkung plants typical of Lombok Island with a hydroponic system treated with Trichoderma bionutrients
Authors: Sudantha I M , Suwardji  , Sriwarthini N L P N
Published: December 2021

The kangkung (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) is water spinach typical of Lombok Island, Indonesia with a crunchy texture and distinctive taste. It is very easy to be cultivated in the home garden organically in soil media, also to be planted hydroponically and aquaponically. Hydroponic system cultivation is the cultivation of plants by utilizing water without using soil with an emphasis on meeting the nutritional needs of plants. One of the nutrients that has good prospects is the Trichoderma bionutrient which is made from a mixture of bioactivator and biourin. The purpose of this study was to determine the agronomic response of water spinach plants typical of Lombok Island with a hydroponic system treated with Trichoderma bionutrients. The study used an experimental method carried out in a plastic house with a hydroponic system. The study used a completely randomized design with hydroponic nutrition treatment consisting of 6 levels, namely: without bionutrients, with bioactivator bionutrients, with biourin bionutrients, with a mixture of bioactivator and biourin, with AB mix nutrition, with a mixture of Trichoderma bionutrients and Ab mix nutrients. Each treatment was repeated 4 times so that there were 24 experimental units. The results showed that the treatment with a mixture of bionutrients with a mixture of bioactivators and Trichoderma biourin was as good as AB mix nutrition in promoting growth and wet weight of kangkung typical of Lombok Island.
Screening of plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes and rhizobacteria isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza
Authors: Saryanah N A , Roswanjaya Y P , Himawati S , Sulastri  , Bidara I S , Iskandar D
Published: December 2021

Bacterial endophyte and rhizobacteria were reported to associate with medicinal plants including Zingiberaceae plants and involved in growth promotion. These beneficial bacteria are promising candidates as biostimulants because of their ability in promoting plant growth. This study aims to evaluate the activity of endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Javanese turmeric) in promoting rice seedling and Javanese turmeric growth. Fifty-seven of 150 total bacterial isolates with negative hemolysis and hypersensitivity reactions were characterized to investigate their plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits. Ten selected bacteria (two bacterial endophytes and eight rhizobacteria) with multiple PGP traits were inoculated to rice seed with seed treatment and inoculated to Javanese turmeric rhizome with seed treatment and seed treatment+soil soil drenching. Our results showed that bacterial isolates tested on rice seed promoted rice seedling growth significantly. A total of five, three, six, and three bacterial isolates could increase leaf number, root length, fresh shoot weight, and fresh root weight of rice seedling (p<0.05), respectively. In contrast, all of the bacterial isolates tested on Javanese turmeric rhizomes showed a non-significant effect on the plant growth. Further studies should be considered to investigate the effect of formulated potential bacterial isolates with different application frequencies and environmental conditions on the harvest yield of rice and Javanese turmeric as well as active compounds of Javanese turmeric.
Current status of taro (Colocasia esculenta) utilization as local food diversification toward climate resilience in Indonesia
Authors: Maretta D , Sobir  , Helianti I , Purwono  , Santosa E
Published: December 2021

Indonesia is a tropical country that experiences the impact of climate change. The utilization of taro as an amphibian crop might sustain the food availability for the most vulnerable farmers against the negative impact of climate change. The study aims to evaluate the current status of taro utilization and production as local food concerning food diversification, sustainable agriculture, and climate change issues. Data were obtained from a focus group discussion with primary stakeholders of the taro value chain and literature review. Results show that taro is an important secondary food in some regions with three main uses as local consumption, local trading, and export. Prominent taro consumers existed in West Papua, Papua, Maluku, and Central Sulawesi Provinces with consumption rates 10.6, 5.3, 2.2, and 2.0 kg/capita/year, respectively. Taro was intensively cultivated in Banten, West Java, and South Sulawesi provinces, for fresh and processed products. The respondents agree with taro as a prospective adaptive crop to climate change of both drought and excess precipitation. There are some issues in the biodiversity conservation, crop improvement, link-match industry, and stakeholder capacity building for competitive, quality, quantity, and sustainable production, as future works in the taro value chain in Indonesia.
Quality Profiles of the Traditional Shrimp Paste of Lombok
Authors: Handayani B R , Zainuri  , Ariyana M D , Rahayu T I , Amaro M , Ulfa L R
Published: December 2021

Shrimp paste is very much needed in NTB culinary. Several Micro small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Lombok produce shrimp paste. This study aimed to determine the chemical and physical quality of shrimp paste produced by MSMEs on the island of Lombok. The method used in this study was an experimental method with a Randomized Block Design and a single factor experiment with sampling locations, namely Shrimp paste of Putri Nyale (Jerowaru), Jero Acan (Jerowaru), TelukJor (Jerowaru), Lakara Salwa (Pringgabaya), Udang Rebon (Lembar) and SasakMaiq (BatuLayar). Each treatment was repeated three times to obtain 21 experimental units. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance at a 5% significance level using Co-Stat software. Significant different data were further tested with HSD test. The results showed that the moisture content, pH, hardness (texture) and color (Hue o) of shrimp paste from all producers were significantly different. There was a tendency that the higher the moisture content, the lower the hardness value (shrimp texture). Shrimp paste of Sasaq Maiq has the highest hardness of 39631. 98 kg/cm2 with the lowest moisture content of 23.21 %. Shrimp paste of Putri Nyale has the lowest hardness with the highest moisture content of 37. 55 %. Moisture content of Lakara Salwa shrimp paste and SasakMaiq does not meet the quality standards of shrimp paste (SNI 01-2716.1-2009). The acidity level of shrimp paste produced by MSMEs in Lombok is significantly different with a range of 6.4 to 7.57 which is influenced by the length of fermentation applied. Based on Hue°, the Lakara Salwa shrimp paste produces a red color range due to the use of dyes and other shrimp paste has a yellow red color with the use of natural raw materials.
Heat transfer analysis in fluidized bed dryer with heat exchanger pipe for corn material
Authors: Sukmawaty  , Putra G M D , Asmoro I , Syahrul S , Mirmanto M
Published: December 2021

This research aims to know the heat transfer process on the fluidized bed dryer for corn material. In this study conducted observations on the temperature and heat produced during the drying process, with three different pipe heat exchanger: spiral, parallel, and combination; The air of the air was 2 m/s, 4 m/s, and 6 m/s and the mass of corn material was1.5 kg with an initial moisture content of 24%. Test results showed that the highest-produced temperature in the combination heat exchanger pipe with a drying room temperature averaged 54°C. The value of the highest convection coefficient of heat transfer in the combination heat exchanger pipe flow treatment with the air velocity of 6 m/s by 29.4 W/m2K. The heat energy that enters at the treatment of combination heat exchanger pipe with the air speed of 6 m/s by 1774 Watts. Heat energy is lost through the highest wall drying chamber at the combination heat exchanger pipe flow treatment with the air velocity of 6 m/s by 409 Watts. The heat energy used is 335 Watts to dry the highest material in the combination heat exchanger pipe flow treatment with the air speed of 6 m/s.
Rat and Mice Species (Sub Family : Murinae) Diversity from East Lombok Indonesia
Authors: Hadi I , Zamroni Y , Tresnani G , Afrizal Y M , Suana I W
Published: December 2021

Field study on the murine biodiversity in Lombok Island in early 2020 has spent 581 traps-night efforts in five localities of East Lombok. They were Kembang Kuning, Aikmel, Wanasaba, and Kelayu Jorong. Fifty one individuals have been collected used live trap with dry-salty fish baits. Of those 51 individuals were collected, we successed to indentify five species of murines.They were Rattus argentiventer, R. rattus diardii, R. exulans, R. tanezumi, and Mus musculus castaneus, respectively. R. argentiventer and R Tanezumi were highly abundance and wide-spread species in East Lombok. Surprisingly, R. rattus diardii was only two individuals collected out 100 trap.nights efforts. Those two individuals of restricted to Kembang Kuning. Mus musculus castaneus was the only member of genus Mus collected in this study. This study would be drive our knowledge on the diversity of rat and mice in Lombok Island and their ecology. Furthermore, the prelimary results of this study will allow us for better understand on managing rat and mice population and their interaction with human being.
Optimization of annealing temperature for amplification of EhoscnOla locus in pranajiwa (Euchresta horsfieldii) plant collected from mountains, urban and coastal areas in Bali
Authors: Silalahi D , Wirawan I G P , Sasadara M M V
Published: December 2021

Pranajiwa plant is a medicinal plant that grows wildly and is classified as a rare plant. Currently, its existence is increasingly threatened. Pranajiwa grows around Indonesia and is known with several scientific names and morphological features due to unclear identification. Molecular identification is recommended to clarify its species. DNA Barcoding is considered the suitable method to identify pranajiwa plant molecularly. The purpose of this study was to optimized the PCR annealing temperature of EhcSnOla locus barcoding marker of pranajiwa plants collected from the coastal (Jimbaran), urban (Renon), and mountain (Bedugul) areas, representing three different areas in Bali. Research procedures include total DNA extraction, PCR procedure, and electrophoresis. The primers used in this study were EhoScnOla forward primer and EhoscnOla reverse primer. Five different temperatures were used for annealing temperature optimization: 51°C, 52°C, 55°C, 57°C, and 60°C. The result showed that all temperatures produced a clear, thick, and single electrophoresis band, indicating that all temperatures were suitable for the annealing temperature and the most optimal temperature is in the Mountains sample (Bedugul) which is 60°C. The Jimbaran, Renon, and Bedugul samples produced 882, 820, and 889 bp, respectively. EhcSnOla locus can be used as the barcoding marker to identify pranajiwa molecularly.
Potential and phylogenetic of superior bacterial isolates in biogas sludge from anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent
Authors: Mustamu N E , Nasution Z , Irvan  , Sembiring M
Published: December 2021

The study obtains potential and identifies Superior Bacterial Isolates (SBI), i.e., nitrogen-fixing and phosphate solubilizing from biogas sludge. The potential test was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) within three replications, and the means were determined by ANOVA and DMRT at Р< 0.05. The molecular identification of SBI is used by the PCR-16S rRNA sequencing method. This study was conducted from January to August 2020. The result found in the N3 and P7 from biogas sludge was more potential in the availability of total-N and available-P compared to other isolates. It also was identified as similar to Bacillus paramycoides and Bacillus cereus, respectively. This information can be used as a reference that biogas sludge can be used to support soil fertility.
The administration’s effect of domestic soybean, lablab bean and lima bean content of genistein to improve the productivity of Bali cattle
Authors: Fitriyah A , Isyaturriyadhah  , Mariani Y , Kartika NMA , Harmayani R , Jamili A
Published: December 2021

Bali cattle plays a significant role as producers of food products for humans. Legumes are used in high-quality animal feed to increase productivity. This study analyzed the use ofdomestic Soybean (Glycine max), Lablab bean (Lablab purpureus), and Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) as the genistein in Bali cattle feed to shorten postpartum estrus. Different drying methods were applied by putting the ingredients in the oven at 55 ºC and the freeze dryer at -40 ºC.Further, genistein was detected using the Thin Layer Chromatography Method at UV 254 and 366 to determine the Rf value. The parameters measured include genistein detection and genistein identification as well as genistein content in legume straw. The data were analyzed descriptiveusing ANOVA and t-test. The result showed that only two samples adhered to the gel silica plate, including domestic soybean straw using the oven and freeze dryer (DSOD and DSFD), with 0.48 in DSOD and 0.51 in DSFD of Rf value, that is close to the genistein standard with the Rf value of 0.50 and purple colour as the colour of genistein standard. Moreover, the statistical analyses indicated significant differences in the genistein content of legumestraw between DSOD and DSFD (P<0.05), where DSOD=0.662g/100g and DSFD=1.770g/100g. The domestic soybean straw is regarded as a potential source ofBali cattle feed to improve productivity.
Antioxidative Activity of Tithonia Diversifolia Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.
Authors: Solfaine R , Hamid I S , Muniroh L
Published: December 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose. Tithonia diversifolia (TD) is a traditional herbal plant that contains anti-oxidative substances to reduce toxicity by free radical molecules. This study is aimed to analyzed effect of Tithonia diversifolia extract on diabetic rats. Dried leaves of Tithonia diversifolia plant (Balittro,Bogor) were sieved and macerated using 96% ethanol. TD leaves extract was dissolved in 0.1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na). Twenty-four male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were allocated into four groups; The control received normal saline (P0). The positive control received 0.1% CMC-Na (P1), the treatment received 100 mg/kg bw of TD extracts (P2) and cathecin 10 mg/kg bw (P3) respectively for 7 days. Bloods were collected for analysis of blood glucose (BG) and alkaline phospathase (ALP). The levels of MDA and SOD concentrations were conducted by Sandwich-ELISA. Based on result showed that feeding TD extract significantly could decrease the level of BG and ALP concentration compared to the positive control group (p<0.05). Level of MDA was decreased meanwhile level of SOD concentration significantly (p<0.05) on treatment group. It was concluded that administration of TD extract could restore normal blood glucose by antioxidant effect on diabetic rats.
The effect of ethanol extract of pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) on neurogenesis and neuroinflammation of rat post protein malnutrition
Authors: Sanyoto D D , Triawanti  , Noor M S
Published: December 2021

Protein malnutrition may affect changes in morphology, neurochemistry, neurogenesis and immune system in the brain. Pasak bumi is often used as an aphrodisiac which is almost the same as Ginseng. The neurogenesis development can be stimulated by ginseng extract intervention. This study aimed to prove the effect of pasak bumi on neurogenesis and neuroinflammation in post-protein malnutrition rats. Experimental research design, rats were divided into 6 groups: KN=normal rats+standard feed, P1=malnutrition rats+aquadest, P2=malnutrition rats + 70% ethanol extract of pasak bumi (EPB) 7.5 mg/kg BW, P3=malnutrition rats + EPB 15 mg/kg BW, P4=malnutrition rats + EPB 22.5 mg/kg BW, P5=malnutrition rats + EPB 30 mg/kg BW. EPB administration for 5 weeks. Parameters examined were levels of BDNF, IL6, TNFα, and serotonin by ELISA method. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test with 95% confidence level. The results of the study: the mean BDNF level in the P3 group was significantly highest (p=0.047). However, there was no significant difference between groups in IL6, TNFα, and serotonin. Conclusion: The 70% ethanol extract of pasak bumi did not affect neuroinflammation and brain serotonin levels in post-malnutrition rats, but increased BDNF levels in post-malnourished rats at a dose of 22.5 mg/kg BW.
In vitro antioxidant activity of meniran (Phyllantus urinaria) functional drink in human low density lipoprotein (LDL)
Authors: Fitrotin U , Hilmiati N , Mardiana  , Triguna Y , Surahman A , Hipi A
Published: December 2021

Preparation process for meniran (Phillantus urinaria) functional drink (MFD) influences its antioxidant activity. This research aims to understand the phenolic content, DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity (RSA), and LDL oxidation of MFD through various preparation processes. Those preparation processes included soaking fresh meniran (SFM), boiling fresh meniran for 5 minutes (BFM5’), boiling fresh meniran for 10 minutes (BFM10’), and soaking dried meniran (DM). The phenolic content was determined with Folin–Ciocalteu, antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and TBARS assay with LDL as the oxidation substrate. An antioxidant references in this research used ascorbic acid. The phenolic content in methods of SFM, BFM5’, BFM10’ and DM were 122±0.022, 182±0.043, 192 ±0.03, and 117 ±0.019 mg GAE/g of meniran respectively. Meanwhile, the DPPH RSA of SFM, BFM5’, BFM10’ and DM accounted for 82.18±0.35, 86.19±0.53, 86.75±0.64 and 69.96% respectively. As comparison, the DPPH RSA of ascorbic acid 50 ppm is 75.65±0.82%. At the same time the optimum inhibition of TBARS formation from BFM5’ and BFM10’ methods were 45.83 % and 48.66%, with MDA concentration in human LDL accounted for 38.30±2.39 and 36.30±1.82 nmol MDA/mg protein, respectively. As comparison, MDA concentration in human LDL added with ascorbic acid 25 ppm accounted for 41.35±2.41 nmol MDA/mg protein. In contrast, the control human LDL was 70.70±2.35 nmol MDA/mg protein. This study concludes that the BFM5’ and BFM10’ methods showed the highest antioxidant properties compared to other methods. All methods showed that MFD extract in concentration more than 25 ppm increased the concentration of MDA in human LDL. Therefore, to produce meniran functional drink in optimum antioxidant properties is best by using BFM5’ and BFM10’ preparation methods in meniran concentration of not more than 25 ppm.