bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population Evolution: The Pollination Game
Authors: Weber Jennifer J. , Vary Laura B. , Berg Colette E.S. , Ansaldi Beth H. , Franks Steven J.
Published: January 2016

To teach the most central concepts in evolutionary biology, we present an activity in pollination biology. Students play the role of either pollinator or flower and work through a set of scenarios to maximize plant fitness. This “Pollination Game” facilitates critical and inquiry-based thinking, and we accompany each round of the exercise with a set of discussion questions and answers. We have piloted and fine tuned this exercise with high school students, and improved the exercise with the input of high school teachers at a teaching conference. The activity could easily be adapted for freshman undergraduate students.
Using Fossil Teeth to Study the Evolution of Horses in Response to a Changing Climate
Authors: Bokor Julie , Broo Jennifer , Mahoney Jessica
Published: January 2016

Students measure and sketch physical characteristics of 15 fossilized horse teeth. Each student group creates a graph that summarizes the trend between age of the fossil and length of the tooth. Plant information cards summarizing the flora of each epoch and guided analysis questions allow students to develop an explanation for the change in horse teeth in response to plant evolution due to a changing climate.
Can a Biology Course Rooted in the Tree of Life Overcome Student Misconceptions?
Authors: Doudna John W.
Published: January 2016

Introductory biology for nonmajors provides an opportunity to engage students with the complexity of life. In these courses, instructors also have the opportunity to experiment with course material and delivery, especially with an intent to overcome common misconceptions about biology. Fortunately, frameworks exist that can be integrated into a completely novel classroom framework: the AP biology curriculum and the tree of life. In addition, assessments are available that specifically address common misconceptions. I tested whether such a novel approach, covering the four big ideas in biology equally and structured around an accurate depiction of biodiversity as a branching history of evolution, can improve student comprehension of difficult biological concepts. In the end, I found that students improved significantly in their understanding of biology and were much less likely to have common misconceptions about difficult topics.
Comparación de la regresión GINI con la regresión de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios y otros modelos de regresión lineal robustos
Authors: Correa Morales Juan Carlos , Florez Gloria Patricia Carmona
Published: January 2016

En este trabajo se compara la regresión de Gini con la regresión OLS y otros métodos de regresión robustos, del tipo L (LAV, combinaciones lineales de estadísticos de orden), del tipo M (M de Huber, basado en el concepto de máxima verosimilitud) y del tipo MM (basado en la minimización de un estimador M). La comparación de los métodos se realiza vía simulación bajo diferentes escenarios. Los resultados encontrados vía simulación muestran que la regresión de Gini tiene un mayor grado de robustez en comparación con la regresíon OLS  al estimar los coeficientes de regresión ante la presencia de datos atípicos, pero su robustez es menor que la de los métodos de estimación robustos LAV, M de Huber y MM
Proyección de la población universitaria utilizando el modelo Lee-Carter
Authors: Gómez Norman Diego Giraldo , Ochoa Molina Carlos
Published: January 2016

Los problemas de la deserción estudiantil y de la permanencia prolongada en el plan de estudios son de principal interés para las directivas universitarias. Una correcta medición e interpretación son necesarias para monitoriar los efectos de diferentes políticas, cambios en los reglamentos estudiantiles, etc. implementadas con el fin de resolver ambos problemas. Para lograr esto una alternativa puede consistir en establecer un modelo estadístico para la evolución de las poblaciones universitarias a través de diferentes cohortes, que es el objetivo de este trabajo. El modelo aplicado se conoce como el modelo Lee-Carter, y puede localizarse dentro del conjunto de modelos de ``tablas de vida dinámicas'', en el área de análisis de supervivencia actuarial. En este trabajo se aplicaron dos metodologías de ajuste para el modelo.  Se compararon los estimadores del modelo Lee Carter por el método original de descomposición singular y por el método de maxima verosimilitud en un modelo log-bilineal Poisson, utilizando la librería gnm de R. Aunque están disponibles otras librería como LifeMetrics e ilc, el procedimiento en gnm, para modelos no lineales generalizados parece ser el más aceptado en la actualidad. En particular, se implementó una regresión no-paramétrica Loess para el parámetros $\kappa_t$ para pronosticarlo a corto plazo, y se comparó con un modelo  ARIMA(1,1,0) con tendencia (los modelos ARIMA se recomiendan en la literatura para la estimación de $\kappa_t$). En ambos  casos se observó una evolución estocástica del parámetro $\kappa_t$ durante el período entre los semestres 1989-02 a 2006-01, en total 34 semestres. Con los modelos ARIMA(1,1,0) y Loess se procedió a calcular 10 pronósticos para $\kappa_t$. Con el pronóstico número 10, correspondiente a la cohorte del semestre 2011-01, se calculó la evolución futura de esta cohorte durante 17 semestres, de los cuales ya se han observado 8 al final del año 2014. Al comparar los observados con los calculados los resultados son satisfactorios y los pronósticos coinciden razonablemente con los valores observados, por lo que los restantes pronósticos son confiables. La evolución de la mortalidad durante 34 semestres (17 años) permite obtener conclusiones acerca de los cambios en la deserción y egreso de la población estudiantil, las cuales aparecen en la última sección del estudio.
Estimación de los parámetros de la distribución Lambda generalizada a través del método de momentos y el programa MatLab.
Authors: Castillo Camilo Andre , Másmela Luis Alejandro , Villarraga Luis Fernando
Published: January 2016

Muchos de los problemas en la actualidad en diferentes áreas del conocimiento tienen solución por medio de la construcción de modelos estadísticos. Dichos modelos se soportan comúnmente en distribuciones de probabilidad y más exactamente en como se distribuyen los datos que se toman de base para su construcción. El interés de ajustar distribuciones a conjuntos de datos pretende describir el comportamiento de ellos mediante la distribución encontrada. El documento presenta una familia de estas distribuciones, la Distribución Lambda Generalizada (DLG) y un programa en MatLab implementando el método de momentos para estimar los parámetros de la distribución que se ajuste a conjuntos de datos o aproxime algunas distribuciones conocidas.
Intervalos de confianza para valores propios en el análisis de correspondencias a partir de una muestra probabilística
Authors: Ramírez Montoya Javier , Martínez Flórez Guillermo , Guerrero Gómez Stalyn
Published: January 2016

En este trabajo se comparan los intervalos de conanza para los valores
propios en el análisis de correspondencia a partir de una muestra probabilística propuesto por Ramírez y Martínez [4] utilizando un diseño de muestreo probabilístico p(.) y estrategias de remuestreo como es el caso de Bootstrap
GAMLSS models applied in the treatment of agro-industrial waste
Authors: Barajas Freddy Hernández , Torres Mabel , Arteaga Lina , Castro Cristina
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we present an application of GAMLSS (Generalized Additive Models for Location, Shape and Scale) to study bacterial cellulose production from agro-industrial waste. An experiment was conducted to research the effects of pH and cultivation time on bacterial cellulose yield obtained from discarded bananas. Several models were fitted to the collected data to determine an estimated expression for the mean and variance of bacterial cellulose yield. We found that the mean and variance of cellulose yield decrease as pH increases, while the opposite occurs as cultivation time increases.
A Conserved GEF for Rho-Family GTPases Acts in an EGF Signaling Pathway to Promote Sleep-like Quiescence inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Fry Amanda L , Laboy Jocelyn T , Huang Huiyan , Hart Anne C , Norman Kenneth R
Published: January 2016

Sleep is evolutionarily conserved and required for organism homeostasis and survival. Despite this importance, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying sleep are not well understood. Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits sleep-like behavioral quiescence and thus provides a valuable, simple model system for the study of cellular and molecular regulators of this process. In C. elegans, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is required in the neurosecretory neuron ALA to promote sleep-like behavioral quiescence after cellular stress. We describe a novel role for VAV-1, a conserved guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rho-family GTPases, in regulation of sleep-like behavioral quiescence. VAV-1, in a GEF-dependent manner, acts in ALA to suppress locomotion and feeding during sleep-like behavioral quiescence in response to cellular stress. Additionally, VAV-1 activity is required for EGF-induced sleep-like quiescence and normal levels of EGFR and secretory dense core vesicles in ALA. Importantly, the role of VAV-1 in promoting cellular stress–induced behavioral quiescence is vital for organism health because VAV-1 is required for normal survival after cellular stress.
Context-Dependent Sensitivity to Mutations Disrupting the Structural Integrity of Individual EGF Repeats in the Mouse Notch Ligand DLL1
Authors: Schuster-Gossler Karin , Cordes Ralf , Müller Julia , Geffers Insa , Delany-Heiken Patricia , Taft Manuel , Preller Matthias , Gossler Achim
Published: January 2016

The highly conserved Notch-signaling pathway mediates cell-to-cell communication and is pivotal for multiple developmental processes and tissue homeostasis in adult organisms. Notch receptors and their ligands are transmembrane proteins with multiple epidermal-growth-factor-like (EGF) repeats in their extracellular domains. In vitro the EGF repeats of mammalian ligands that are essential for Notch activation have been defined. However, in vivo the significance of the structural integrity of each EGF repeat in the ligand ectodomain for ligand function is still unclear. Here, we analyzed the mouse Notch ligand DLL1. We expressed DLL1 proteins with mutations disrupting disulfide bridges in each individual EGF repeat from single-copy transgenes in the HPRT locus of embryonic stem cells. In Notch transactivation assays all mutations impinged on DLL1 function and affected both NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 receptors similarly. An allelic series in mice that carried the same point mutations in endogenous Dll1, generated using a mini-gene strategy, showed that early developmental processes depending on DLL1-mediated NOTCH activation were differently sensitive to mutation of individual EGF repeats in DLL1. Notably, some mutations affected only somite patterning and resulted in vertebral column defects resembling spondylocostal dysostosis. In conclusion, the structural integrity of each individual EGF repeat in the extracellular domain of DLL1 is necessary for full DLL1 activity, and certain mutations in Dll1 might contribute to spondylocostal dysostosis in humans.
Static and Dynamic Factors Limit Chromosomal Replication Complexity inEscherichia coli, Avoiding Dangers of Runaway Overreplication
Authors: Khan Sharik R , Mahaseth Tulip , Kouzminova Elena A , Cronan Glen E , Kuzminov Andrei
Published: January 2016

We define chromosomal replication complexity (CRC) as the ratio of the copy number of the most replicated regions to that of unreplicated regions on the same chromosome. Although a typical CRC of eukaryotic or bacterial chromosomes is 2, rapidly growing Escherichia coli cells induce an extra round of replication in their chromosomes (CRC = 4). There are also E. coli mutants with stable CRC∼6. We have investigated the limits and consequences of elevated CRC in E. coli and found three limits: the “natural” CRC limit of ∼8 (cells divide more slowly); the “functional” CRC limit of ∼22 (cells divide extremely slowly); and the “tolerance” CRC limit of ∼64 (cells stop dividing). While the natural limit is likely maintained by the eclipse system spacing replication initiations, the functional limit might reflect the capacity of the chromosome segregation system, rather than dedicated mechanisms, and the tolerance limit may result from titration of limiting replication factors. Whereas recombinational repair is beneficial for cells at the natural and functional CRC limits, we show that it becomes detrimental at the tolerance CRC limit, suggesting recombinational misrepair during the runaway overreplication and giving a rationale for avoidance of the latter.
Hedgehog Signaling Strength Is Orchestrated by themir-310Cluster of MicroRNAs in Response to Diet
Authors: Çiçek Ibrahim Ömer , Karaca Samir , Brankatschk Marko , Eaton Suzanne , Urlaub Henning , Shcherbata Halyna R
Published: January 2016

Since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) only two decades ago, they have emerged as an essential component of the gene regulatory machinery. miRNAs have seemingly paradoxical features: a single miRNA is able to simultaneously target hundreds of genes, while its presence is mostly dispensable for animal viability under normal conditions. It is known that miRNAs act as stress response factors; however, it remains challenging to determine their relevant targets and the conditions under which they function. To address this challenge, we propose a new workflow for miRNA function analysis, by which we found that the evolutionarily young miRNA family, the mir-310s (mir-310/mir-311/mir-312/mir-313), are important regulators of Drosophila metabolic status. mir-310s-deficient animals have an abnormal diet-dependent expression profile for numerous diet-sensitive components, accumulate fats, and show various physiological defects. We found that the mir-310s simultaneously repress the production of several regulatory factors (Rab23, DHR96, and Ttk) of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway to sharpen dietary response. As the mir-310s expression is highly dynamic and nutrition sensitive, this signal relay model helps to explain the molecular mechanism governing quick and robust Hh signaling responses to nutritional changes. Additionally, we discovered a new component of the Hh signaling pathway in Drosophila, Rab23, which cell autonomously regulates Hh ligand trafficking in the germline stem cell niche. How organisms adjust to dietary fluctuations to sustain healthy homeostasis is an intriguing research topic. These data are the first to report that miRNAs can act as executives that transduce nutritional signals to an essential signaling pathway. This suggests miRNAs as plausible therapeutic agents that can be used in combination with low calorie and cholesterol diets to manage quick and precise tissue-specific responses to nutritional changes.
Classroom Standing Desks and Sedentary Behavior: A Systematic Review
Authors: Minges Karl E. , Chao Ariana M. , Irwin Melinda L. , Owen Neville , Park Chorong , Whittemore Robin , Salmon Jo
Published: January 2016

CONTEXT:

Reducing sedentary behaviors, or time spent sitting, is an important target for health promotion in children. Standing desks in schools may be a feasible, modifiable, and acceptable environmental strategy to this end.

OBJECTIVE:

To examine the impact of school-based standing desk interventions on sedentary behavior and physical activity, health-related outcomes, and academic and behavioral outcomes in school-aged children.

DATA SOURCES:

Ovid Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Global Health, and CINAHL.

STUDY SELECTION:

Full-text peer-reviewed journal publications written in English; samples of school-aged youth (5–18 years of age); study designs including the same participants at baseline and follow-up; and use of a standing desk as a component of the intervention.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

RESULTS:

Eight studies satisfied selection criteria and used quasi-experimental (n = 4), randomized controlled trial (n = 3), and pre–post, no control (n = 1) designs. When examined, time spent standing increased in all studies (effect sizes: 0.38–0.71), while sitting time decreased from a range of 59 to 64 minutes (effect sizes: 0.27–0.49). Some studies reported increased physical activity and energy expenditure and improved classroom behavior.

LIMITATIONS:

One-half of the studies had nonrandomized designs, and most were pilot or feasibility studies.

CONCLUSIONS:

This initial evidence supports integrating standing desks into the classroom environment; this strategy has the potential to reduce sitting time and increase standing time among elementary schoolchildren. Additional research is needed to determine the impact of standing desks on academic performance and precursors of chronic disease risk.
Provision of Preventive Dental Services in Children Enrolled in Medicaid by Nondental Providers
Authors: Arthur Tania , Rozier R. Gary
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVES:

Aims of this study are to determine (1) the association of oral health services (OHS) provided by nontraditional providers with the percentage of Medicaid children 0 to 5 years of age who receive ≥1 preventive services from all provider types in the United States; and (2) characteristics of state Medicaid policies associated with provision of OHS.

METHODS:

We conducted a time-series cross-sectional study of preventive services provided by nontraditional (OHS) and dental (PDS) providers for Medicaid-enrolled children from birth to 5 years of age in all states during 2010 to 2013 (204 observations). We applied panel data multiple regression analysis techniques to exploit year and state variation in aggregate data available in Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services reports (form CMS-416). Total preventive dental services (TPDS =OHS + PDS) was predicted by months since state enactment of a policy to reimburse medical providers for OHS.

RESULTS:

The 44 states with a policy reported 4.3% of children per state per year with any OHS. For all states, an average of 30.1% received PDS and 34.5% TPDS. The delivery of OHS was associated with a small increase in percentage with TPDS. One year of Medicaid OHS availability was associated with an increase of 1.5% in the percentage of children with TPDS per state per year.

CONCLUSIONS:

Implementation of policies by Medicaid programs to support integration of OHS into primary care is associated with increases in overallTPDS use, but efforts are needed to improve implementation in practice to achieve national impact on access.
Recidív akut myocardialis infarctus pitvarfibrilláció miatt
Authors: Tomcsányi János , Takó Katalin , Sármán Balázs
Published: January 2016

Coronary thromboembolism with subsequent myocardial infarction is a rare complication of atrial fibrillation. The authors present the history of a 55-year-old male with a history of acute myocardial infarction caused by thromboembolism in the distal part of left anterior descending coronary artery and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, who presented one year later with new chest pain, ST-segment elevation and atrial fibrillation. Coronarography confirmed the presence of thrombus in the circumflex coronary artery. Transesophageal echocardiogram showed left atrial appendage thrombus. To the knowledge of the authors this is the first report of recurrent myocardial infarction caused by atrial fibrillation. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(5), 191–193.
Pulmonalis eltérések Hodgkin-lymphomában
Authors: Jóna Ádám , Illés Árpád , Szemes Katalin , Miltényi Zsófia
Published: January 2016

Most of Hodgkin lymphoma patients survive due to combined chemo/radiotherapy. Improved survival brings long-term side effects to the front, which may determine the patients’ subsequent quality of life and expected lifetime. This manuscript aims to analyze lung manifestations of Hodgkin lymphoma and treatment related pulmonary complications, demonstrated with own cases. The lung involvement in Hodgkin lymphoma is often secondary, and primary pulmonary involvement is very rare. The authors found 8–12% of lung involvement among their patients. Side effects of treatment consist of pulmonary infections in conjuction with immunosuppression, while on the other hand bleomycin and chest irradiation as part of current standard of care induced pneumonitis and fibrosis are reported. The pulmonary involvement in Hodgkin lymphoma may cause differential diagnostic difficulty. Lung involvement could modify stage and consequently treatment, and the development of side effects might determine later quality of life and expected lifetime. Therefore, identification of lung involvement is crucial. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(5), 163–173.
Új, laparoszkópos beültetésre alkalmas sérvháló állatkísérletes vizsgálata
Authors: Guba Péter Marcell
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Reconstruction of the abdominal wall with mesh is a widely used surgical procedure. The non-absorbable meshes tend to cause numerous side-effects. Aim: The aim of the author was to produce an absorbable, polymer-based mesh that possesses appropriate chemical, mechanical and biological properties. Method: A three-dimensional, biocompatible mesh was produced from poly-vinyl-alcohol using reactive electrospinning. Toxicity and cell-mesh interactions were tested using human lung carcinoma epithelial cells (A-549), and in vivo tests were conducted in 42 male Wistar rats at the 1–5, 7 and 14 postoperative days (3 rats/groups). Results: In the in vitro tests poly-vinyl-alcohol was biocompatible. In the in vivo tests no major complication was associated with the mesh made of poly-vinyl-alcohol. Conclusions: The author concludes that this polymer mesh is biocompatible, it does not damage the surrounding tissues and integrates well with them. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(5), 180–184.
Aktív eutanázia Kolumbiában és asszisztált öngyilkosság Kaliforniában
Authors: Julesz Máté
Published: January 2016

The institution of active euthanasia has been legal in Colombia since 2015. In California, the regulation on physician-assisted suicide will come into effect on January 1, 2016. The legal institution of active euthanasia is not accepted under the law of the United States of America, however, physician-assisted suicide is accepted in an increasing number of member states. The related regulation in Oregon is imitated in other member states. In South America, Colombia is not the first country to legalize active euthanasia: active euthanasia has been legal in Uruguay since 1932. The North American legal tradition markedly differs from the South American one and both are incompatible with the Central European rule of law. In Hungary and in most European Union countries, solely the passive form of euthanasia is legal. In the Benelux countries, the active form of euthanasia is legal because the supranational law of the European Union does not prohibit it. Notwithstanding, European Union law does not prescribe legalization of either the active form of euthanasia, or the physician-assisted suicide. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(5), 174–179.
A laparoszkópia szerepe a 80 évesnél idősebb betegek epekövességének megoldásában
Authors: Kakucs Tímea , Harsányi László , Kupcsulik Péter , Lukovich Péter
Published: January 2016

Introduction: The incidence of cholelithiasis increases with age, however, there is still little data about the outcomes of cholecystectomy in patients with age of 80 and above. Population ageing presents tremenduous challenges for surgeons. Aim: The aim of the authors was to compare emergency and elective cholecystectomies performed in these elderly patients. Method: This retrospective study was based on the analysis of operation type, conversion rate, complications, mortality, length of hospital stay of all patients over 80 who underwent cholecystectomy in the last 6 years at the 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University. Results: 69 elective and 51emergency operations were performed. In the emergency group pancreatitis was found in 9.8%, liver abscess in 14%, and common bile duct stones in 27% of the patients on admission. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy could be performed in 84% of patients in the elective group, while in 17.7% of patients in the emergency group. The length of stay at the intensive care unit was 9.1 and 1 days, while the total length of hospital stay was 12 and 3.6 days for the elective and emergency groups, respectively. In the emergency group mortality was 20% and reoperation was performed in 16% of patients, while at the elective group none of these occured. Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe as elective surgery for patients with age of 80 and above. For this reason the authors recommend elective cholecystectomy in this age group. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(5), 185–190.
Artificial Intelligence + Distributed Systems = Agents
Authors: Dzitac Ioan , Bărbat Boldur E.
Published: January 2016

The connection with Wirth’s book goes beyond the title, albeit confining the area to modern Artificial Intelligence (AI). Whereas thirty years ago, to devise effective programs, it became necessary to enhance the classical algorithmic framework with approaches applied to limited and focused subdomains, in the context of broad-band technology and semantic web, applications - running in open, heterogeneous, dynamic and uncertain environments-current paradigms are not enough, because of the shift from programs to processes. Beside the structure as position paper, to give more weight to some basic assertions, results of recent research are abridged and commented upon in line with new paradigms. Among the conclusions: a) Nondeterministic software is unavoidable; its development entails not just new design principles but new computing paradigms. b) Agent-oriented systems, to be effectual, should merge conventional agent design with approaches employed in advanced distributed systems (where parallelism is intrinsic to the problem, not just a mean to speed up).
Flatness-based Control and Conventional RST Polynomial Control of a Thermal Process
Authors: Gharsallaoui Hajer , Ayadi Mounir , Benrejeb Mohamed , Borne Pierre
Published: January 2016

In this paper, a comparison between conventional RST polynomial control by poles placement and RST flatness-based control is proposed. These approaches were developed, in discrete-time formalism by carrying out a generation of a reference starting from a flat output and by then analyzing the tracking error in closedloop. The case of the thermal system, that we applied an output disturbance, was considered by simulation to study the effectiveness of given flatness-based robust controller with the integration of an anti-windup device, in terms of tracking trajectory and disturbance rejection.
Discussion Support System for Intra-class Discussions and the Criteria for Group Making
Authors: Kitagaki Ikuo
Published: January 2016

A computerized system has been discussed. It assists group discussion done in a classroom in the way that, first, it presents a topic with the relevant choices, second, each student selects a choice and sends it to the server, third, the server determines the groups according to the choices and other information, forth, it sends to the students’ cell phone the group information with each choice, lastly, students actually make group according to the given information then start to discuss. Relating to the system, this paper describes the configuration of the proposed computer system, two aspects of group division(difference in learning and similarity in learning), the algorithm of the group division, and the execution process of actual group discussions, assisted by this system, about specific topics.
Modeling of Errors Realized by a Human Learner in Virtual Environment for Training
Authors: Trinh Thanh-Hai , Buche Cédric , Querrec Ronan , Tisseau Jacques
Published: January 2016

This study focuses on the notion of erroneous actions realized by human learners in Virtual Environments for Training. Our principal objective is to develop an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) suggesting pedagogical assistances to the human teacher. For that, the ITS must obviously detect and classify erroneous actions produced by learners during the realization of procedural and collaborative work. Further, in order to better support human teacher and facilitate his comprehension, it is necessary to show the teacher why learner made an error. Addressing this issue, we firstly modeling the Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM). Then, we integrate the retrospective analysis mechanism of CREAM into our existing ITS, thus enable the system to indicate the path of probable cause-effect explaining reasons why errors have occurred.
A Note on the Generative Power of Axon P Systems
Authors: Zhang Xingyi , Wang Jun , Pan Linqiang
Published: January 2016

Axon P systems are a class of spiking neural P systems. In this paper, the axon P systems are used as number generators and language generators. As a language generator, the relationships of the families of languages generated by axon P systems with finite and context-free languages are considered. As a number generator, a characterization of the family of finite sets can be obtained by axon P systems with only one node. The relationships of sets of numbers generated by axon P systems with semilinear sets of numbers are also investigated. This paper partially answers some open problems formulated by H. Chen, T.-O. Ishdorj and Gh. Păun.
Integrated System for Stereoscopic Cognitive Vision, Localization, Mapping, and Communication with a Mobile Service Robot
Authors: Buiu Cătălin
Published: January 2016

This paper describes a stereo-vision-based mobile robot that can navigate and explore its environment autonomously and safely and simultaneously building a tridimensional virtual map of the environment. The control strategy is rule-based and the interaction with robot is done via Bluetooth. The stereoscopic vision allows the robot to recognize objects and to determine the distance to the analyzed objects. The robot is able to generate and simultaneously update a full colour 3D map of the environment that is being explored. The position and type of each detected and recognized object is marked in this 3D map. Furthermore, the robot will be able to use a gripper in order to collect detected objects and carry them to dedicated collecting bins, and so will be able to work in commercial waste cleanup applications. This application represents a successful integration of computers, control and communication techniques in mobile service robot control.
Application of Genetic Algorithms for the DARPTW Problem
Authors: Cubillos Claudio , Urra Enrique , Rodríguez Nibaldo
Published: January 2016

On the Dial-a-Ride with time windows (DARPTW) customer transportation problem, there is a set of requests from customers to be transported from an origin place to a delivery place through a locations network, under several constraints like the time windows. The problem complexity (NP-Hard) forces the use of heuristics on its resolution. In this context, the application of Genetic Algorithms (GA) on DARPTW was not largely considered, with the exception of a few researches. In this work, under a restrictive scenario, a GA model for the problem was developed based on the adaptation of a generic GA model from literature. Our solution applies data pre-processing techniques to reduce the search space to points that are feasible regarding time windows constraints. Tests show competitive results on Cordeau & Laporte benchmark datasets while improving processing times.
Presentation of an Estimator for the Hurst Parameter for a Self-Similar Process Representing the Traffic in IEEE 802.3 Networks
Authors: Millán Ginno , Lefranc Gastón
Published: January 2016

The hypothesis for the existence of a process with long term memory structure, that represents the independence between the degree of randomness of the traffic generated by the sources and the pattern of traffic stream exhibited by the network is presented, discussed and developed. This methodology is offered as a new and alternative way of approaching the estimation of performance and the design of computer networks ruled by the standard IEEE 802.3-2005.
Applying RBF Neural Nets for Position Control of an Inter/Scara Robot
Authors: Passold Fernando
Published: January 2016

This paper describes experimental results applying artificial neural networks to perform the position control of a real scara manipulator robot. The general control strategy consists of a neural controller that operates in parallel with a conventional controller based on the feedback error learning architecture. The main advantage of this architecture is that it does not require any modification of the previous conventional controller algorithm. MLP and RBF neural networks trained on-line have been used, without requiring any previous knowledge about the system to be controlled. These approach has performed very successfully, with better results obtained with the RBF networks when compared to PID and sliding mode positional controllers.
Task Resource Allocation in Grid using Swift Scheduler
Authors: Somasundaram K. , Radhakrishnan S.
Published: January 2016

In nature, Grid computing is the combination of parallel and distributed computing where running computationally intensive applications like sequence alignment, weather forecasting, etc are needed a proficient scheduler to solve the problems awfully fast. Most of the Grid tasks are scheduled based on the First come first served (FCFS) or FCFS with advanced reservation, Shortest Job First (SJF) and etc. But these traditional algorithms seize more computational time due to soar waiting time of jobs in job queue. In Grid scheduling algorithm, the resources selection is NPcomplete. To triumph over the above problem, we proposed a new dynamic scheduling algorithm which is the combination of heuristic search algorithm and traditional SJF algorithm called swift scheduler. The proposed algorithm takes care of Job’s memory and CPU requirements along with the priority of jobs and resources. Our experimental results shows that our scheduler reduces the average waiting time in the job queue and reduces the over all computational time.
Hierarchical Distributed Reasoning System for Geometric Image Generation
Authors: Țăndăreanu Nicolae , Ghindeanu Mihaela Verona , Nicolescu Sergiu Andrei
Published: January 2016

The concept of hierarchical reasoning system was introduced in [5], where an intuitive method to build such systems based on their inputs is given. In this paper we formalize several concepts which open a possible research line concerning the use of these structures. A hierarchical reasoning system H is a directed graph organized on several levels such that each node of the level j is a hyper-schema of order j. As a mathematical structure, H is an abstract one and a special kind of formal computation is introduced. As a result of this computation we obtain a set F(H) of formulas. We explain what we understand by an interpretation of H and define its corresponding semantical computation. By means of an interpretation I(H) for H and applying the rules of the semantical computation, each element of w in F(H) becomes some object I(w) of a given space. We exemplify these concepts and we show that for two distinct interpretations I1(H) and I2(H) for the same system H, a given formula w in F(H) is transformed into a sentence I1(w) of a natural language whereas I2(w) is a geometric image. A short description of a Java implementation of a hierarchical system generating images is also given in a separate section. By examples we show that the mechanism introduced in this paper allows us to model the distributed knowledge. Finally several open problems are specified.
Optimization for Date Redistributed System with Applications
Authors: Văleanu Mădălina , Cosma Smaranda , Cosma Dan , Moldovan Grigor , Vasilescu Dana
Published: January 2016

In this paper we intend to define a strategy for managing databases with mobile structures, taking into account their redistribution in the nodes of a computer network. The minimal cost of the redistribution is highlighted and some applications for medical and business databases are presented.
Quality Control of Statistical Learning Environments and Prediction of Learning Outcomes through Reproducible Computing
Authors: Wessa Patrick
Published: January 2016

This article introduces a new approach to statistics education that allows us to accurately measure and control key aspects of the computations and communication processes that are involved in non-rote learning within the pedagogical paradigm of Constructivism. The solution that is presented relies on a newly developed technology (hosted at www.freestatistics.org) and computing framework (hosted at www.wessa.net) that supports reproducibility and reusability of statistical research results that are presented in a so-called Compendium. Reproducible computing leads to responsible learning behaviour, and a stream of high-quality communications that emerges when students are engaged in peer review activities. More importantly, the proposed solution provides a series of objective measurements of actual learning processes that are otherwise unobservable. A comparison between actual and reported data, demonstrates that reported learning process measurements are highly misleading in unexpected ways. However, reproducible computing and objective measurements of actual learning behaviour, reveal important guidelines that allow us to improve the effectiveness of learning and the e-learning system.
The good enough mother under social vulnerability conditions
Authors: ACHING Michele Carmona , GRANATO Tania Mara Marques
Published: January 2016

Abstract The present qualitative study aims to understand the affective and emotional attitudes that support the maternal experience in precarious conditions by articulating the maternal ideals of socially vulnerable women through the Winnicottian concept of the good enough mother. We used a procedure called Interactive Narrative to facilitate a less defensive and more ludic approach to the studied theme and invited women sheltered in an institution for pregnant and puerperal women to complete a story that had been written by the researcher. In the second stage, we formed a discussion group to gain insight into participants' conceptions of motherhood. The material produced was analyzed as a collective production so that we could identify underlying affective and emotional aspects of the group's imaginative elaborations about motherhood in precarious conditions. Feelings of helplessness, abandonment and loneliness were as present in the narrative productions as the idea that having a child creates opportunities for the development of maternal capabilities.
Interactive narratives in the investigation of the collective imaginary about motherhood
Authors: GRANATO Tania Mara Marques , AIELLO-VAISBERG Tania Maria José
Published: January 2016

Abstract Considering narration and psychoanalysis as processes of interpreting human experience, a narrative was developed to investigate the collective imaginary about motherhood. It is a fictional story elaborated by the researchers based on their clinical experience with pregnant women. When the interactive narrative reaches a climax, the researcher interrupts the story and invites the participants to complete it. Subsequently, the researcher and participants discuss the addressed topic and their own experiences during the writing process. In the present study, an interactive narrative about a couple which faces the possibility of having a baby with Down syndrome was presented to two groups of undergraduate Pedagogy and Psychology students. The psychoanalytical consideration of the narratives completed suggested expectations of an idealized mother who would accept her child unconditionally despite the implied sacrifice and her own feelings and a strong and protective father, when present. Conceptions of motherhood and its conflicts are discussed.
Hydrogeological Model of an Urban City in a Coastal Area, Case study: Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Putranto Thomas , Rüde Thomas
Published: January 2016

DOI:10.17014/ijog.3.1.17-27In Semarang City, groundwater has been exploited as a natural resource since 1841. The groundwater exploited in deep wells is concentrated in confined aquifers. The previous hydrogeological model was developed in one unit of aquifer and refined then by using several hydrostratigraphical units following a regional hydrogeological map without any further analysis. At present, there is a lack of precise hydrogeological model which integrates geological and hydrogeological data, in particular for multiple aquifers in Semarang. Thus, the aim of this paper is to develop a hydrogeological model for the multiple aquifers in Semarang using an integrated data approach. Groundwater samples in the confined aquifers have been analyzed to define the water type and its lateral distribution. Two hydrogeological cross sections were then created based on several borelog data to define a hydrostratigraphical unit (HSU). The HSU result indicates the hydrogeological model of Semarang consists of two aquifers, three aquitards, and one aquiclude. Aquifer 1 is unconfined, while Aquifer 2 is confined. Aquifer 2 is classified into three groups (2a, 2b, and 2c) based on analyses of major ion content and hydrostratigraphical cross sections.
Gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos: um estudo de caso em uma escola estadual de ensino médio em Pombal-PB
Authors: Crispim D. L. , Fernandes J. D. , Andrade S. O. , Sousa E. P. , Sales J. C. F.
Published: January 2016

Diversas cidades brasileiras apresentam dificuldades relacionadas à gestão de resíduos sólidos, em especial na coleta, transporte, tratamento e no destino final de resíduos. A deficiência na gestão dos resíduos sólidos permite que práticas inadequadas de disposição final sejam comuns, como a disposição em lugar impróprio. O estudo objetivou verificar o nível de conhecimento dos discentes da Escola E.M.M.V.F. em Pombal, PB, sobre o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de questionários semiestruturados com perguntas relacionadas ao gerenciamento desta problemática pela população. Os resultados revelaram que 67% dos participantes desta pesquisa não separam o resíduo úmido do resíduo seco, enquanto apenas 33% realizam a separação. Quanto ao destino final do resíduo gerado nas residências, 88% dos moradores expuseram que é depositado em vazadouro a céu aberto (lixão). Para amenizar o cenário que cerca a gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos é fundamental a inserção de ações de educação ambiental para organização de estratégias que possa despertar uma participação direta da população em relação a esse problema.

Management waste solid urban: a study in case school state medium teaching of Pombal-PB

 

Abstract: Diverse cities Brazilians feature difficulties associated to management of waste solid, in special at collect, transport, treatment and at destination finale of waste. The deficiency in the management of waste solid allows what practices inadequate of disposition finale are common, as disposition in place inappropriate. The study aimed to check the level of knowledge of students of the School EMMVF in Pombal, PB, on the management of municipal solid waste. The survey was conducted through semi-structured questionnaire with questions related to managing this problematic by the population. The results revealed that 67% of participants in this study not separate damp waste and dried, while only 33% carry out the separation. how much the final destination of the waste generated in households, 88% of residents they said what it is deposited in the open dump (landfill). For assuage the scenario the management of municipal solid waste is fundamental the inclusion of environmental education activities and organizational strategies that can awaken a direct participation of the population in relation to this issue.
Una aproximación al crimen internacional de agresión
Authors: Díaz Soto José Manuel
Published: January 2016

El presente artículo expone el desarrollo del crimen de agresión en el ámbito del derecho internacional, partiendo desde sus antecedentes hasta llegar a la definición alcanzada en la ciudad de Kampala, Uganda, durante la primera Conferencia de Revisión del Estatuto de la Corte Penal Internacional, el 11 de junio de 2010. Seguidamente, de una manera detallada analiza el régimen jurídico que rodea al crimen de agresión, su naturaleza jurídica, su concordancia con los principios de legalidad y complementariedad, el tipo objetivo descrito, el umbral de gravedad y antijuridicidad del acto de agresión como fundamento de la responsabilidad penal individual, el elemento subjetivo o mens rea del crimen, la figura de la tentativa, también los mecanismos de activación de la jurisdicción de la CPI. Complementariamente, este trabajo analiza las implicaciones que tiene el consenso alcanzado en Kampala a través de la Resolución RC/Res. 6, instrumento que representa un avance significativo para el crimen de agresión en el derecho internacional aunque ha sido objeto de diversas críticas. Partiendo de este escenario, el autor toma posición con la finalidad de encontrar una aplicación correcta de la norma en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano. 
Ataques con ácido: desdibujado el camino entre la imputación fáctica y la imputación jurídica en el derecho penal
Authors: Acosta Zárate Laura Andrea , Medina Rico Ricardo Hernán
Published: January 2016

El presente documento tiene como propósito hacer una evaluación pormenorizada de la actual situación que ha venido presentándose en el país frente a los ataques con ácido. Se hace un recorrido por las circunstancias sociales que hoy protagonizan este flagelo, el papel de las víctimas, del Estado y en especial del Congreso y su actividad como legislador. Adicionalmente, se hace alusión a las tres figuras jurídicas que han marcado las diferentes controversias normativas y doctrinales, estableciendo cuál de ellas se adecua de manera correcta a la situación. 
Algunos aportes de “Estigma” (1963) al pensamiento criminológico de la segunda mitad del siglo XX
Authors: Parada Gamboa Marcela
Published: January 2016

La teoría del etiquetamiento se superpuso al movimiento en contra de los principios positivistas y etiológicos que estudiaban la reacción y los problemas sociales. El interaccionismo desde el campo criminológico se integró a la Teoría del Etiquetamiento. Aunque no puede hablarse de un discurso uniforme, sí se pueden nombrar algunas características comunes. Erving Goffman, por ejemplo, presenta una obra rica en aportes sociológicos. Este autor ha sido considerado como un desviado con una continuidad teórica desde el orden de la interacción. De esta manera, y dada la diversidad de conceptos en la obra de Goffman, el principal objetivo es analizar uno de sus libros más importantes: Estigma. La identidad deteriorada. Esta obra, publicada inicialmente en 1963, recoge precisiones vitales para la sociología de la desviación y la criminología en particular.
El estándar de prueba de conocimiento más allá de duda razonable. Análisis y evaluación de la sentencia de casación 36.357 (26-10-2011) de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia
Authors: Marín Vásquez Ramiro Alonso
Published: January 2016

Este trabajo pretende mostrar que el “conocimiento más allá de duda razonable”, como estándar de prueba para adoptar una sentencia condenatoria, no es una mera expresión grandilocuente o una moda del legislador (arts. 7.º y 381 Ley 906 de 2004), sino una exigencia legal verificable y controlable, siempre y cuando los jueces y actores del sistema continúen sus estudios de profundización sobre cuestiones de lógica, epistemología y semiótica. Dicho requerimiento, en la práctica, se traduce en el entendimiento de dos limitaciones: i) el proceso penal como reconstrucción de una verdad probable y no de una certeza, y ii) que la presunción de inocencia es un requisito de contenido normativo y no un mero estado psicológico del juez. 