bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF KASUMBA FLOWER ETHANOL EXTRACT TURATE (Carthamus tinctorius Linn.) AGAINST THE LINE OF CANCER CELLS T47D BREASTS
Authors: Malik Fadhliyah , Malaka Muhammad Hajrul , Fristiohady Adryan , _ Wahyuni , Hamsid Rini , _ Sahidin , Gani Annisa Fatinah
Published: February 2022

Breast cancer is a type of cancer with a high prevalence in the world and causes death in women. Chemotherapy is one type of treatment that is widely used. However, the problems of chemotherapy drugs such as side effects, drug resistance and inadequate efficacy. So, to overcome these problems, many natural ingredients have been explored to find anticancer agents that are expected to have good efficacy with minor side effects. Kasumba turate flowers (Carthamus tinctorius Linn.) is a plant from the Asteraceae tribe which is known to contain secondary metabolites with pharmacological activity as anticancer. This study aims to determine the types of secondary metabolites and the cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract of Kasumba turate flower against the T47D breast cancer cell line using the MTT assay method. Kasumba turate flower extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent, so that a concentrated extract with a weight of 107.8 grams was obtained with a yield value of 10.81%. The extract obtained was then subjected to a phytochemical screening test using the tube method and the results are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids. In the cytotoxic activity test, the test samples were varied into 7 concentration series, namely 10, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 ppm. The positive control used was 5-Fu. Cytotoxic parameter (IC50 value) was determined using GraphPad Prism and obtained IC50 5-Fu value of 65.88 ppm with active category while IC50 of the test sample was 157.3 with moderately active category as anticancer breast
FORMULATION AND PHYSICAL STABILITY TEST OF NANOEMULGEL CONTAINING Petrosia Sp. ETHANOLIC EXTRACT
Authors: Malaka Muhammad Hajrul , Indalifiany Astrid , _ Sahidin , Fristiohady Adryan , Andriani Rina
Published: February 2022

Petrosia sp. is one of the sponges from the demospongia class that has biological activity as anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, cytotoxic agent, and can be used in nanoemulgel formulation. Nanoemulsion system is thermodynamically stable and produces globule size that can increase the permeability and diffusibility of Petrosia sp. The presence of gelling agent in the nanoemulgel gives the viscosity and spreadability of Petrosia sp nanoemulsion optimally to increase the effectiveness of the active substances on the skin. This study aims to determine the formulation, characterization, and physical stability of nanoemulgel ethanol extract of sponge Petrosia sp. with carbopol 940 as the gel base. Nanoemulsion characterization included transmittance value, particle size, polydispersity index, and type of emulsion formed. The physical stability test of nanoemulgel included centrifugation and freeze thaw tests with organoleptic, pH, viscosity, and dispersibility evaluation. Nanoemulsion of Petrosia sp ethanolic extract with a composition of 1% VCO, 7% Tween-80, and 2% PEG-400 produced an oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion, transmittance value of 94.84%, droplet size of 23.9 nm and particle size distribution of 0.176. The optimum formula for nanoemulgel is F1 with a nanoemulsion concentration of 75 mL and 25 g of gel base produced a clear and transparent nanoemulgel, semi-solid, soft texture, distinctive aroma, pH value of 5, viscosity of 28,000, dispersibility of 5.7 cm and the shape/color did not change after freeze thaw stability test. Based on the data above, it can be concluded that the F1 nanoemulgel formula with carbopol 940 as the base gel produced an optimal nanoemulgel.
ANTIINFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF FRACTION FROM GALING STEM ETHANOL EXTRACT (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin) IN VITRO
Authors: Y Muhammad Ilyas , Saehu Muhammad Syaiful , _ Ertin , _ Irma , _ Nurhikma
Published: February 2022

Galing plant (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin) is a wild plant that spreads and is easily found in Indonesia, especially in the lowlands, which contains a class of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, and triterpenoids with various pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-diarrhea, gout. This study aims to determine the antiinflammatory effect of several fractions of rod galing using the in vitro model of red blood cell membrane stabilization. This study used an ethanol extract fractionated in a liquid-liquid manner with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water as a solvent. Then, the anti-inflammatory effect of each fraction was tested, with a positive control comparison of diclofenac sodium with varying concentrations. Measurement of anti-inflammatory activity was calculated based on the % stability of the red blood cell membrane. The results showed that the ethyl acetate, n-hexane and water fractions from the ethanol extract of galing (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin.) stem had an anti-inflammatory effect based on the % stability of red blood cell membranes, where the ethyl acetate fraction with a concentration of 1000 ppm had the best anti-inflammatory effect with % stability of red blood cell membranes was 91.81%, which was significantly different from the positive control (p<0.05).
ISOLATION AND INHIBITION TEST OF QUERCETIN COMPOUND FROM OKRA FRUIT (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
Authors: Astutiningsih Christina
Published: February 2022

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is one of the plants from the Malvacea. The secondary metabolite compounds with quite large composition flavonoid compound that is able to provide pharmacological activity to lower blood sugar. This study aimed to isolate, identify find out the results of the inhibition test on the alpha amylase enzyme one of enzyme that affects blood sugar levels. Herein, the extraction was initially carried out using the remaceration method of okra fruit powder using 80% ethanol followed by fractionation process using n-hexane, ether, and ethyl acetate. The marker was isolated using the preparative TLC method with a silica gel and n-butanol:acetic acid : water (4:1:5) as stationary and mobile phases. The isolates were a yellow powder with a yield of 0.18% and a melting point of 307-309.5oC. TLC Densitometry was used to determine the Rf value and the spectral form of the standard quercetin and isolates wich are found to be identical. The isolate showed that quercetin compounds had the inhibitory power of the amylase enzyme by 49.74% compared to acarbose 58.90%. IC values, by quercetin isolates were8,358/ml and acarbose 7,598mg/ml and statistically, the t-group showed no significant differences.
IMPACT OF SINGLE BULB GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM VAR. SOLO) ON THE NUMBER OF LEYDIG AND SERTOLI CELLS IN RATS
Authors: Januarti Ika Buana , Latifah Fadzil , Fatmawati Nur Fidia
Published: February 2022

Single garlic bulb has been studied as aphrodisiac, this is related to the presence of secondary metabolites flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. The metabolite content of single garlic tuber ethanolic extract (EEUBPT) will be investigated for its effect on the histopathological picture and the number of Leydig cells and testicular Sertoli cells in rats. Sample research consist of 25 Wistar rats aged 3-4 months divided into 5 groups. Group I was negative control given 0.5% Na-CMC; group II (positive control) was given Jamu Pasak bumi. Groups III, IV, and V were each given EEUBPT at doses of 450 mg/kgBB, 900 mg/kgBB, dan 1350 mg/kgBB of body weight. Each group was given treatment for 14 days, then the testes were taken on the 14th day. The results were analyzed using the One Way Anova parametric test (p <0.05) and post hoc. The ethanolic extract of a single garlic bulb affected the number of Leydig cells at a dose of 1350 mg of body weight but did not significantly influence the number of Sertoli cells.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES ABOUT THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN RURAL COMMUNITIES: OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN CEMPAKA BANJARBARU DISTRICT
Authors: Fitriah Rahmayanti , Mardiati Nurul
Published: February 2022

Antibiotics are examples of drugs that are often used incorrectly. Such misuse is often influenced by the lack of knowledge and attitudes towards the use of antibiotics, so in this study we want to know what sociodemographic factors have an influence on knowledge and attitude on antibiotic use in rural communities at Cempaka Banjarbaru District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. This type of research is descriptive analytic with a sampling technique that is proportional stratified random sampling using a questionnaire. There are 380 respondents taken as a sample. Analysis data used is univariate and bivariate with chi-square test. The result of public   knowledge research on the use of antibiotics included in the good category that is 58.2 % and attitudes included in the positive category that is 98.4 %. Statistical test results show that there is a significant influence between sociodemographic factors of recent education and income on the level of knowledge, while sociodemographic factors of age, sex and occupation on the level of knowledge have no significant effect. On the results of statistical tests sociodemographic factors (age, sex, occupation, last education and income) on attitudes do not have a significant effect.
QUANTITATIV ANALYSIS AND PHARMACOECONOMICS OF ANTIBIOTIC USE IN COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA (CAP) IN PKU MUHAMMADIYAH GAMPING
Authors: Hadiningrat Ayunda Putri , - Akrom , Irma Risdiana
Published: February 2022

Antibiotics are therapies used in cases of infection. Inappropriate use of antibiotics will cause the impact of resistance. Antibiotic use studies need to be done as a step to reduce this impact. The purpose of this study was to determine the practice of using antibiotics by measuring the quantity using the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) and DU90% method in inpatients with a diagnosis of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. This study is a retrospective study on inpatients of PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital in 2016-2018. Data was obtained from patient medical records. The results showed a change in the pattern of antibiotic used in 2016-2018. Ceftriaxone and ceftazidime are the most widely used antibiotics. Ceftriaxone with a DDD value of 12.59; 22.49; 23.53 / 100 bed-days and ceftazidime with a DDD value of 17.09; 12.98; 10.59 / 100 bed-days. Antibiotics that are included in DU 90% are Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefixime and Levofloxacine. The conclusion of this study is that there is a change in the pattern of antibiotic use in cases of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in 2016-2018.
TEST THE POTENTIAL OF PINEAPPLE (Ananas comosus L.) JUICE TO REDUCE CONTENT OF COPPER (Cu) METAL BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (AAS)
Authors: Fitria Dinna , Anggraini Devina Inggrid
Published: February 2022

Accumulation of copper (Cu) metal in the body causes tissue damage. Metals that can’t be excreted into the blood or bile by the liver can cause cirrhosis, so the body needs antidotes to reduce metal content. Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.)  contains 78% citric acid of total acid. Citric acid was able to form complex compounds with metal. The aims of this research were to know the ability of pineapple juice (Ananas comosus L.)  to reduce content of copper (Cu) metal and the concentration of pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) juice that can reduce the highest content of copper (Cu) metal. Pineapple juice was made in five series of concentration (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). Copper metal of 20 ppm was given the addition treatment of each concentration series of pineapple juice. The solution of each concentration was separated using chloroform. The water phase which was the residual copper (Cu) metal that does not react with citric acid, was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) at a wavelength of 324.7 nm. The results of this research were showed that the concentration of pineapple juice 80% can reduce the content of copper (Cu) metal of 24.6896 %.
ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF TRANSDERMAL PATCH ETHANOL EXTRACT PIPER NIGRUM L FRUCTUS WITH SOME ENHANCERS ON MICE
Authors: Hendriati Lucia , Hamid Iwan Sahrial , Widodo Teguh , Surya Regiskha Hermandanie , Wahyudi Alif Ekacahya , Rasdianto Dwi Damayanti
Published: February 2022

Piper nigrum L fructus with active compound piperin had been known have an analgesic effect. Ethanol extract of Piper nigrum formulated to transdermal patch to reduce side effect of analgesic oral. The aim of this research was to know the effect of sodium lauryl sulphate, Tween 80, isopropyl myristate as enhancer of transdermal patch ethanolic extract of Piper nigrum L. Analgesic effect of Piper nigrum L. carried out by writhing method after acetic acid induction in mice. Parameters used were the number of writhing and macrophage from peritoneal fluid of mice at the end of this study. Based on this study, ethanol extract of Piper nigrum had an analgesic effect. The used of sodium lauryl sulphate 5%, Tween 80 5%, isopropyl myristate6% as enhancer increased the analgesic effect of Piper nigrum L.
POTENTIAL OF MATOA FRUIT EXTRACT (POMETIA PINNATA) AS ANTIOXIDANT SOURCE
Authors: Rahmah Widya , Hamzah Hasyrul , Hajar Siti , Ressandy Sylvan Septian , Putri Erlisa Maharani
Published: February 2022

Pometia pinnata or commonly known as matoa is a typical plant of Eastern Indonesia or Papua that grows throughout the Papua archipelago. Matoa contains alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and vitamins A, C, E which can boost the immune system. The study aims to examine whether the matoa (Pometia pinnata) has acted as a source of antioxidants where one of the functions of the antioxidants themselves is to increase the body's immune system by fighting free radicals. This study uses a narrative review approach, which is a secondary research method that does not have specific guidelines in its preparation (non-systematic review) using data collected assembled with research topics from various electronic and non-electronic libraries. Based on the results of the study using comparisons with other foods such as lime, spirulina, and carrots, it turns out that the fruit and fruit skins of Matoa contain more vitamin C. It is known that the skin of the fruit and matoa fruit contains vitamin C which works as an antioxidant to increase the body's immune system by fighting free radicals. Also, based on several studies, it is known that the extract of the stem and matoa bark obtained an IC50 value of more than 70 ppm where this value is classified as strong antioxidant activity.
EFFECTIVENESS OF BAKUNG EXTRACT (CRINUM ASIATICUM L) AS AN ANALGESIC IN ACETIC ACID-INDUCED MICE
Authors: Simangunsong Teodhora , Gaol Elzius Fransiscus Lumban , Sianturi Sister
Published: February 2022

Crinum asiaticum L. leaves is a plant that has a pharmacological effect, which is to relieve pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ethanol extract of daffodils as an analgesic effect on male mice DDY. The extract was obtained through the maceration extraction method and was administered by oral administration with three dose variations, namely 200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW, and 800 mg/kg BW. Ibuprofen 52 mg/kgBW was used as a positive control and Na-CMC 0,5% as a negative control. 30 minutes after induced with 1% acetic acid the amount of stretching was observed every 5 minutes to 60 minutes. The results showed the best analgesic effect at dose III 800 mg/kg BW with the percentage of analgesic protection of 80,66%. The results of effectiveness at dose III 800 mg/kg BW of 99,37% which is almost the same as the effectiveness of Ibuprofen at a dose of 52 mg/kgBW of 100%
ANTI INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF SUNGKAI LEAVES (Peronema canescens JACK) ETHANOL EXTRACT IN CARRAGEENAN INDUCED MICE
Authors: Latief Madyawati , Fisesa Anggun Tri , Sari Putri Maya , Tarigan Indra Lasmana
Published: February 2022

Anti-inflammatory compounds play a role by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandin mediators, inhibiting the migration of leukocytes to the area of ​​inflammation, and inhibiting the release of prostaglandins from the cells where they are located. Several plant-derived compounds that can act as anti-inflammatory candidates are flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and phenols. This study aims to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of Sungkai leaves and to determine the effect of the concentration given on the level of anti-inflammatory activity. The method used was the formation of granuloma pockets and edema on the mice's backs by inducing subcutaneous carrageenan using ethanol extract of Sungkai leaves with various concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively. The results of anti-inflammatory activity showed that the ethanol extract of Sungkai leaves had a significant effect on the average exudate volume and the percentage of inflammation inhibition. At a concentration of 15%, the extract was able to reduce the volume of exudate by 46,67 ± 5,506 µl and inhibition of inflammation by 87.78%. In addition, the ethanol extract of Sungkai leaves significantly affected lymphocytes, stem neutrophils, and segment neutrophils, but did not significantly affect the number of monocyte cells. At a concentration of 15%, the ethanol extract of Sungkai leaves showed the smallest number of leukocyte cell types, namely 50.11 ± 2.389 lymphocyte cells; stem neutrophil cells 10,44 ± 0,475; segmented neutrophil cells were 19.78 ± 0.596 and monocyte cells 2,0 ± 0,236. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Sungkai leaves has anti-inflammatory activity but has not approached the effect of anti-inflammatory drugs in general.
ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITY TEST OF PLETEKAN LEAVES LIQUID SOAP (Ruellia tuberosa L.) ON CANDIDA ALBICANS
Authors: Masduqi Ahmad Fuad , Syukur Mighfar
Published: February 2022

The fungus Candida albicans is a pathogenic species that causes candidiasis. Pletekan plant has potential as a medicinal plant. This plant is proven to have one of the effects as an antimicrobial. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the pletekan leaf extract liquid soap could inhibit the growth of Candida albicans and whether there were differences in the antifungal activity of the liquid soap pletekan leaf extract at a concentration of 20%, 40%, and 60%. This study used maceration extraction methods, screening for secondary metabolites and continued with TLC tests. Liquid soap formulations from extracts with different concentrations. Furthermore, the research was carried out to test the antifungal activity by using the good method on liquid soap for the pletekan leaf extract against the growth of Candida albicans. Screening and TLC results showed that the pletekan leaf extract contained flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, and alkaloids. Liquid soap preparations including organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, and viscosity are included in the criteria for the Indonesian National Standard. The results showed that pletekan leaf extract in a liquid soap preparation could inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. The results of statistical tests show that the data are normally distributed and homogeneous. There were differences in the antifungal activity of the liquid soap for pletekan leaf extract with a concentration of 20%, 40%, and 60% which resulted in a succession of 8,456mm; 12,186mm; and 14,293mm. The antifungal activity showed that the extract concentration was directly proportional to the resulting inhibition zone
A “Sense of Presence”
Authors: Mitchell Claudia , Smith Ann
Published: February 2022

We begin by paying tribute to feminist Black scholar, bell hooks, who died 15 December 2021. As the numerous citations in just this issue alone bear witness, she has had a huge influence on feminist ways of thinking particularly in relation to how race, gender, and capitalism intersect. In her well-known essay, “In Our Glory” on Black girlhood and visual culture (hooks 1994), she offers a memory of losing a photograph of herself as a young girl in the 1950s masquerading, as she called it, in full cowgirl regalia.
Taking on the Light
Authors: Scott Renee Nishawn
Published: February 2022

When society invokes Cashawn Thompson’s hashtag phrase, “Black Girl Magic,” we laud the accomplishments of Black women and girls as if those triumphs are innate. In this article, I suggest that Black girls participate in a process that I call light making, or embodying that which is lighthearted, encouraging, and self-preserving. In exploring this particular ontology, I deconstruct Black Girl Magic by focusing on contemporary examples of light making as a way of understanding the critical role that Black girls play in Black cultural formation. By focusing on Black girl joy and play in social media, I stress light making as an ontology located in Black girlhood.
Hostile Geographies
Authors: Rogers Dehanza
Published: February 2022

In this article, I engage in a parallel reading of the consumption of Black girlhood in speculative fiction in the television series The Passage, and the film The Girl with All the Gifts, and in the classroom. In these texts are nonconsensual attempts to harvest biological materials from Black girls, exhibiting the belief that Black bodies are utilitarian, at best, and meant for consumption. Like these narratives, the classroom consumes Black girls physically along with their futures. I explore how Black girl resistance disrupts such consumption and interrogate texts in which Black girls create narratives for themselves. In these narratives, so-called disposable Black girls map out new cartographies of narrative resistance and new liberatory geographies for their future.
Opredelenie nesushchei sposobnosti armirovannogo kontaktnogo shva na osnovanii dvuchlennogo zakona treniya Deryagina [Deryagin binomial law of friction for bearing capacity identification of reinforced joint]
Authors: Koyankin A. A. , Mitasov V. M.
Published: February 2022

Cast-in-place and precast construction must consider a possible fracture of concrete along the reinforced joint. Moreover, the joint quality significantly affects its strength properties. The stress-strain state of the joint can be divided into three classical stages.It is shown that the stress-strain state of cast-in-place and precast construction under a shear load, is characterized by the linear dependence between the maximum shear stress, vertical compression of the joint, and transverse reinforcement. Since the joint deformation relates to friction and adhesion, the Deryagin binomial law of friction is used to determine the bearing capacity identification of the reinforced joint.The proposed calculation method implies the ultimate shear stress as an exhaustion criterion for the bearing capacity, which based on the true friction coefficient, compression stress and yield strength in the transverse reinforcement. It is shown that the obtained results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Optimization of the Test Frequency of NPP Active Safety Systems in the Over-Design Operation Life
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Skalozubov V. I. , Kochnyeva V. Yu. ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Alali Mohammad  , Algerby Rabia K. Ali  ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University
Published: February 2022

The need to optimize the test frequency of thermal mechanical equipment of active safety systems of nuclear power plants is determined by the fact that, on the one hand, an increase in the test frequency reduces the probability of “latent” defects, critical for reliability and operability, in the “standby” mode of performing safety functions, and on the other hand, the probability of failure because of equipment wear during testing increases. Based on operating experience and the actual technical condition of the equipment, a method for optimizing the test frequency of active safety systems during the over-design operation period is presented. The calculated substantiations clarified that the optimal test frequency is two times less than the design onewith the extension of the service life; and when the operation life is extended for 12 and 20 years, the optimal test frequency decreases by 65% and 95%, respectively.
Investigation of the Radiation Condition at the Industrial Site of the Shelter Object
Authors:   Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, NAS of Ukraine, Yehorov V. V. , Pavlovskyi L. I. ,   Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, NAS of Ukraine, Khomenko D. O. ,   Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, NAS of Ukraine
Published: February 2022

The territory of the industrial site of the New Safe Confinement of the Shelter object (NSC SO) was investigated after the installation of the arch structure in the design position over the destroyed Unit 4 of the Chornobyl NPP. Radiation studies of the industrial site were carried out by the specialists of the Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 2020–2021. The subject of research was the distribution of the dose rate values and the characteristic of the angular distribution of the intensity of gamma radiation at the NSC SO industrial site. Comprehensive studies of radiation conditions include both dose rate measurements and the angular distribution of gamma radiation intensity. The study of the angular distribution of the intensity of gamma radiation and the determination of the sources forming the dose rate in the research sites was carried out using own developments — the ShD-1 device [7] and the MKS-07 “Poshuk” radiometer-dosimeter with an external collimated detector. This equipment was previously successfully tested and was repeatedly used at the stage of pre-design studies and during the implementation of projects at the site of the Chornobyl NPP. Based on the results of modern research, a comparative analysis was carried out with the results of research before the construction of the arch structure (2004) and during the construction of the NSC (2010). At all points of the study, a decrease in the dose rate from 5 to 15 times was recorded. The decrease is due to the removal during the construction period of all local sources of ionizing radiation from the territory of the industrial site, as well as to the construction of new structures, which are protective barriers for work performed at the NSC SO site. Insignificant changes in the angular distribution of gamma radiation were found, which are associated with the construction of new structures in the middle of the SO and on the industrial site. The research results can be useful for the selection of sites for the construction of new facilities for radioactive waste management in the process of transformation of the SO into an ecologically safe system.
Defining and Quantifying an Exponential Increase in General Problem-Solving Ability Within Groups
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: February 2022

The concept of collective super-intelligence has been described by various authors in the field of collective intelligence, some of whom have estimated the qualitative properties of a collective super-intelligence and have attempted to determine the types of problems that a collective super-intelligence might excel at. This work departs from those opinions in leveraging a Human-Centric Functional Modeling approach able to represent the behaviour of complex human-observable systems like individual or collective cognition. With this approach, for the first time models have been developed that allow the impacts of collective intelligence to potentially be predicted or even simulated with far greater accuracy and understood more reliably. This article explores how a collective super-intelligence might be defined and quantified in terms of the general collective intelligence factor (c), and also explores how such a collective super-intelligence might be expected to differentiate itself from current forms of collective intelligence.
University Students’ Perspectives on Lecturer’s Digital Class Organization in Teaching ESP amid Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ramadhani Reski , Aulawi Hilmi , Ikhwana Andri
Published: February 2022

This study aims to investigate students’ perspectives on digital classroom organization implemented during online learning in teaching ESP in the context of higher education level at Garut Technology of Institute. To evaluate the organization of digital class utilization in language learning and determine the barriers and opportunities during the process, a mixed-method design with a close-ended questionnaire and an open-ended questionnaire was employed to reveal the students’ perspectives. 90 informatics engineering students studying English for Specific Purposes (ESP) were recruited in this study. The findings revealed that the students positively argued that their lecturer is capable of organizing and implementing various digital platforms during online learning. Most of the students are still motivated and engaged in learning even though it is conducted virtually. Besides, the platforms used by the lecturer synchronously and asynchronously are deemed to be effectively able to replace the face-to-face offline media since it keeps the lecturer and students interacting with one another. Some of the barriers come from the stability of internet access, students’ data, available devices, and particular technical issues. The implications suggest that both lecturers and students should prepare to adopt the digital classroom since it will be the new direction in language teaching.
PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MELALUI PENERAPAN COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE TIME TOKEN SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 1 KECAMATAN LAREH SAGO HALABAN
Authors: Delyetri Delyetri
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar matematika melalui Penerapan Cooperatif Learning Tipe Time Token siswa kelas VII siswa kelas VII.b dengan jumlah siswa 29 orang.Penelitia ini dilakukan dua siklus dengan instrumen penelitian I dan II. . Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, Secara Berdasarkan hasil observasi aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa yang diperoleh melalui Penerapan Cooperative Learning Tipe Time Token terjadi peningkatan aktivitas selama pembelajaran dan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran.Aktivitas kesiapan menghadapi pelajaran dan aktivitas selama pembelajaran pada umunya sudah mengalami peningkatan dan dari hasil ulangan siklus I dan siklus II diketahui bahwa melalui penerapan Cooperative Learning Tipe Time Token dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Rata-rata kelas juga mengalami peningkatan dari 58,08 menjadi 67,60 dan banyak siswa yang mencapai SKBM dari 5 orang (20%) menjadi 19 orang (76%). Siswa yang nilainya mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 14 orang (56%).

Kata Kunci: Aktivitas Belajar,Hasil Belajar , Cooperative Learning Tipe Time Token
PENGGUNAAN MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING DENGAN METODE PERMAINAN PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR
Authors: Rahmi Desi
Published: February 2022

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar matematika peserta didik dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran discovery learning metode permainan. Setelah ditetapkannya tujuan penelitian, maka Classroom Action Research ini dilaksanakan di kelas XI IIS 4 SMANegeri 1 Sitiung yang terletak di Kabupaten Dharmasraya Provinsi Sumatera Barat, mengikuti langkah-langkah: Perencanan, Pelaksanaan tindakan, Observasi, dan Refleksi. Peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik pada siklus satu menggambarkan bahwa peserta didik yang mencapai nilai tuntas meningkat menjadi 61,13% yang semula hanya 38,7% pada pra siklus. Kenaikan pesentase peserta didik yang tuntas di siklus dua meningkat menjadi 77,42%.
PENERAPAN MODEL QUANTUM TEACHING DISERTAI TEKA-TEKI MATEMATIKA PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VII SMP
Authors: Yurnalis Nia Rusni Yurnalis
Published: February 2022

Hasil belajar merupakan pencapaian kompetensi yang mencakup aspek pengetahuan, keterampilan, sikap, dan nilai-nilai yang diwujudkan dalam kebiasaan berpikir dan bertindak. Hasil belajar yang baik menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran telah berjalan dengan baik. Namun, berdasarkan wawancara yang dilakukan di kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Padangpanjang menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar matematika yang diperoleh siswa masih jauh dari memuaskan. Hal ini terjadi karena pembelajaran belum mampu membuat siswa tertarik untuk belajar. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar adalah dengan menerapkan model Quantum Teaching disertai teka-teki matematika. Sehingga diadakan penelitian dengan menerapkan model Quantum Teachingdisertai teka-teki matematika pada pembelajaran matematika di kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Padangpanjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah hasil belajar siswa pada ranah kognitif dalam pembelajaran matematika.

Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen, dengan rancangan penelitian Randomized Control Group Only Design. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Padangpanjang Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik random sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas VII 3 sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan jumlah siswanya 32 orang dan kelas VII 2 sebagai kelas kontrol dengan jumlah siswanya 32 orang. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes akhir. Teknik analisis data dalam skripsi ini adalah hasil belajar pada ranah kognitif matematika siswa.

Analisis data tes dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji- t. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data pada taraf kepercayaan 95% (𝑎=0,05) dan derajat kebebasan 70 diperoleh harga 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 =2,1917 dan 𝑡(0,95;62) =1,6698 . Karena nilai 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 >𝑡(0,95;62) berarti 𝐻0 ditolak dan 𝐻1 diterima dengan demikian hasil belajar pada ranah kognitif matematika siswa yang mengikuti penerapan model Quantum Teaching disertai teka-teki matematika lebih baik daripada siswa yang mengikuti tanpa penerapan model Quantum Teaching disertai teka-teki matematika pada kelas VII SMP N 4 Padangpanjang tahun pelajaran 2019/2020.
MOTIVASI DAN PERHATIAN SISWA SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PAI DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA
Authors: Syaflin Halim Yeddawati Ahmad Lahmi
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui deskripsi perhatian dan motivasi siswa serta pengaruhnya terhadap hasil pembelajaran PAI di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 1 Sungai Beremes, Kabupaten Pasaman Barat. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dan kuantitatif melalui penarikan sampel berdasarkan analisis statistik. Data pada penelitian ini diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada siswa kelas 8 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 56. Penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa : 1). Hasil belajar pendidikan agama Islam berada pada kategori tinggi dengan nilai rerata sebesar 80.72 yang diikiti dengan motivasi yang tinggi (120.09%) dan perhatian yang juga tinggi (86.53%), 2). Adanya pengaruh siginifkan dan positif pada motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar PAI yaitu sebesar 0.3 % dengan 99.7 % nya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain. 3). Adanya pengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap peserta didik PAI iaitu sebesar 0.2% dengan 99.8% nya disebabkan factor lain, dan 4). Adanya pengaruh signifikan dan positif antara motivasi belajar serta perhatian peserta didik yang secara bersamaan terhadap hasil belajar PAI dengan hasil hasil Fhitung< Ftabel (0,136 > 3,16)maka persentase pengaruhnya 0,005% dan 0,5% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.
VARIASI BAHASA MINANGKABAU DIALEK MASYARAKAT KENAGARIAN KOTO BANGUN DENGAN DIALEK MASYARAKAT KENAGARIAN MUARO PAITI KECAMATAN KAPUR IX KABUPATEN LIMA PULUH KOTA PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Hasmi Lili
Published: February 2022

Variasi Bahasa Minangkabau Dialek Komunitas Koto Bangun Kenagarian dengan Dialek Komunitas Muaro Paiti Kenagarian di Lima Puluh Kota Penelitian dilatarbelakangi oleh perbedaan dialek antar daerah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan variasi dialek Minangkabau ditinjau dari fonologi berdasarkan fonemik. Dialek yang dipelajari adalah Dialek Komunitas Koto Bangun Kenagarian dengan Dialek Komunitas Muaro Paiti Kenagarian Kapur IX Distrik Lima Puluh Kota. Jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Objek penelitian adalah komunitas Kenagarian Kagagarian dengan Masyarakat Kenagarian Muaro Paiti Lima Puluh Kota. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan teknik wawancara, pencatatan dan pencatatan. Setelah data terkumpul kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode pencocokan intra lingual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga hal: (1) Dari 200 kosakata, terdapat 155 persamaan fonemik pembentuk kosakata. (3) Dari 200 kosakata 52 variasi  kosakata fonemik. (2) Dari 200 kosakata, terdapat 200 istilah yang merupakan kosakata istilah dasar yang digunakan untuk tujuan mengatakan sesuatu. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari 200 kosakata yang dipelajari, hanya 52 kosakata yang memiliki variasi fonemik pembentuk kata. Jadi, variasi bahasa merupakan realitas bahasa yang harus dikenali. Variasi bahasa harus selalu dijaga oleh masyarakat, ujarnya. Agar bahasa yang mereka gunakan tidak hilang seiring dengan perkembangan zaman.
PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF PADA MATA PELAJARAN KETERAMPILAN BOGA DI SMPN 2 GUGUAK KABUPATEN LIMA PULUH KOTA
Authors: Misnurina Misnurina
Published: February 2022

Tujuan utama dari penelitian tindakan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan 1) Motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran keterampilan Boga di SMPN 2 Guguak, 2) Hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Keterampilan Boga di SMPN 2 Guguak. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilakukan dengan mengikuti model yang dikembangkan oleh Kemis dan Mc Tanggar. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX 3 SMPN 2 Guguak yang mengikuti mata pelajaran Keterampilan Boga tahun pelajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada semester ganjil (semester 1) tahun ajaran 2017/2018 pada mata pelajaran Keterampilan Boga kelas IX 3 SMPN 2 Guguak, kemudian dilanjutkan pada semester 2 tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) terjadi peningkatan Motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran keterampilan Boga di SMPN 2 Guguak, 2) terjadi peningkatan Hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Keterampilan Boga di SMPN 2 Guguak.
PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR BIOLOGI SISWA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW DI KELAS XII MIPA 3 SMA N 1 PULAU PUNJUNG TAHUN PELAJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: MN Agustin
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah aktivitas belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran ekonomi dapat ditingkatkan dengan menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Model Jigsaw. Penelitian ini melibatkan siswa kelas X IIS 2 SMA N 1 Pulau Punjung Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020 dan satu orang guru ekonomi sebagai pengamat. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari tiga pertemuan dengan menerapkan Metode Pembelajaran Kooperatif Model Jigsaw. Hasil pada siklus I belum menunjukkan aktivitas yang signifikan, sehingga siklus II dilanjutkan. Perbandingan aktivitas siswa mengalami peningkatan 23,79 % dari 33,71 % menjadi 57,50%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini peneliti menyarankan kepada guru ekonomi lainnya untuk menggunakan metode pembelajaran yang tepat seperti Metode Jigsaw ini, pembelajaran menjadi lebih menyenangkan dan memperoleh hasil yang memuaskan.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI MASYARAKAT DALAM PELAKSANAAN PEMBATASAN SOSIAL BERSKALA BESAR DI KOTA AMBON
Authors: D. Bakarbessy Andress , Soplanit Miracle , S. Alfons Saartje
Published: February 2022

The implementation of the PSBB in the city of Ambon has received various criticisms from the public, there have been various actions by the community that have disobeyed the PSBB guardian, as well as problems with law enforcement by law enforcement officials. The purpose of the study was to examine and analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of PSBB in Ambon City and to examine and analyze legal protection for the people of Ambon City in implementing PSBB. The research method used is normative legal research. The results of the study show that: 1) The effectiveness of PSBB in Ambon city has not been implemented to its full potential. 2) legal protection for the people of Ambon city is more focused on enforcement (repressive) efforts than preventive prevention efforts.
PENGGUNAAN ANJING PELACAK DALAM MENGUNGKAP TINDAK PIDANA PENGANIAYAAN YANG MENYEBABKAN MATINYA ORANG DI WILAYAH HUKUM POLRES SOLOK SELATAN (Studi tentang Koordinasi antara Penyidik Polres Solok Selatan dengan Direktorat Samapta Polda Sumatera Barat Dala
Authors: Jumantri Randi
Published: February 2022

The first step in an investigation itself is to find items in a criminal case which are items indicated as evidence of a crime that was found left behind at the scene of the crime or abbreviated as TKP. In a crime case that resulted in the death of a person, the Animal Unit of the Samapta Bhayangkara Directorate of the West Sumatra Police was asked to provide assistance with sniffer dogs by the South Solok Police Criminal Investigation Unit regarding a serious case that resulted in the death of the victim that occurred in the Solok Police Legal Area. With Police Report No. Pol : LP/138/X/2018/Spkt–Pagu Police, 01 October 2018.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP INVESTOR DALAM PERJANJIAN PINJAM MEMINJAM SECARA ONLINE (PEER TO PEER LENDING) DI PLATFORM TANIFUND
Authors: Dayanty Asty Thania , Pasaribu Chrisnoven , Syahfitri Sigalingging Yeni , Alvines Alvines , Hasudungan Sianturi Ronald
Published: February 2022

Through P2P Lending, we can invest. The purpose of this research is to analyze the parties responsible for the Loan Facility Distribution Agreement on the TaniFund Platform, along with legal protection for investors. In this research, we used  juridical-normative and descriptive research..Theresults ofthis studyare basedon the agreementon theTaniFundplatform, the lender iscategorized as alender where the organizer is not responsible for the risk of borrowing and interest losses due to default of the loan recipient. Legal protection for investors is stated in article14 LawNumber 25of2007 concerning Investment. Based on agreements on the TaniFund platform, lenders can conduct deliberations or sue to the general court inthe eventof adispute with the organizer. Researchers hope that the government can be more optimal in supervising P2PLending platforms in Indonesia, so that organizers do not arbitrarily include the transfer of responsibility in making standard agreements that can harm investors.
EVALUASI TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PELECEHAN DAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL PADA ANAK
Authors: De Marrilac Louisa
Published: February 2022

Sexual harassment and violence in general cannot be separated from the life of the general public. Sexual harassment and violence do not only occur among adults and adults, but also among children who are underage (<18 years). Violence and sexual abuse of children is still common among the general public. Violence and sexual harassment are not only experienced by girls in general, but also experienced by boys (pedophilia). Sexual violence and abuse in children is still common, allegedly because it is abuse and misuse by adults. Children are often easy targets for pedophiles because children still don't understand what the deceptions of pedophiles are. Perpetrators of sexual harassment and violence assume that minors are still relatively innocent and the possibility of reporting to the police is very small because they are afraid of threats from the perpetrators. The writing of this journal is intended to better see and evaluate the urgency of existing legal arrangements whether they are in accordance with their relevance and can guarantee legal protection for minors. Journal writing is carried out using a normative approach, namely research conducted by examining library materials and normative legal regulations.
EKSISTENSI PARALEGAL SEBAGAI PEMBERI BANTUAN HUKUM DI PROVINSI MALUKU
Authors: Mustamu J. , Salmon H.
Published: February 2022

Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2011 tentang Bantuan Hukum menyebutkan Paralegal sebagai salah satu Pemberi Bantuan Hukum. Secara teknis, seperti apa peran Paralegal baru diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan HAM Nomor 1 Tahun 2018 tentang Paralegal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji eksistensi Paralegal dalam memberikan Bantuan Hukum kepada masyarakat miskin di salah satu Provinsi di Indonesia yaitu Provinsi Maluku. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan aktivitas Paralegal di Provinsi Maluku khususnya Kota Ambon, hambatan Paralegal dalam melaksanakan peran dan fungsinya dan solusi yang ditawarkan untuk mengatasi hambatan tersebut.
PENYIDIKAN TINDAK PIDANA PERBANKAN DALAM BENTUK KREDIT FIKTIF PADA BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT (BPR) MITRA DANAGUNG (Studi Pada Satreskrim Polres Pesisir Selatan)
Authors: Ansari Ichsan
Published: February 2022

Article 49 of Law no. 10 of 1998 concerning Banking has explicitly regulated criminal acts related to bank business. However, there are still many parties who commit criminal acts in the banking sector, one of which is fictitious credit. Like the fictitious credit that happened to the Rural Bank (BPR) Mitra Danagung, which was carried out by the Director of Bank Mitra Danagung himself, in the period from 2011 to 2012. The formulation of the problems studied in this thesis are: First, how is the investigation of banking crimes in the form of fictitious loans at BPR Mitra Danagung Bank? Second, what are the obstacles faced by the Satreskrim Investigator of the Pesisir Selatan Police in the investigation of banking crimes in the form of fictitious credit at Bank BPR MitraDanagung? This research is a legal research with a descriptive analytical specification. The main approach used is a normative juridical approach and is supported by an empirical juridical approach. The data used are secondary data as primary data, and primary data as supporting data collected through library research and field research. The data is then analyzed qualitatively and presented in a qualitative descriptive form. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded, first, that the investigation of banking crimes in the form of fictitious credit at PBR Mitra Danagung Bank was carried out based on the principle of lex specialis derogat legi generalis. After receiving the report, the investigative team conducts an investigation and review of the report to prepare a plan for investigative activities, followed by examining witnesses and collecting evidence and expert testimony, then a case is held to determine the suspect, then arrests and detentions are made. After the filing is complete, the investigator submits the case file to the Public Prosecutor accompanied by witnesses and evidence. Second, the obstacles faced by the investigators of the Satreskrim Polres Pesisir Selatan in the investigation of banking crimes in the form of fictitious credit at Bank BPR Mitra Danagung are: the overlapping authority of investigating banking crimes as regulated by a law that gives authority to the Police, Prosecutors, and Investigators. OJK, limited human resources for investigators, level of education and low knowledge of investigators about advances in information technology, as well as supporting facilities and infrastructure in conducting investigations.