bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elite formation in the higher education systems of Ireland and the UK: Measuring, comparing and decomposing longitudinal patterns of cabinet members
Authors: Feeney Sharon , Hogan John , O'Rourke Brendan K.
Published: May 2017

The role of higher education systems in the formation and reproduction of governing elites, and their countervailing potential for the creation of a more egalitarian, or meritocratic, society, has been an enduring subject of concern, debate and research. Many of these debates are made all the more difficult by our inability to directly compare elite formation systems within and between countries and over time. To resolve these problems, this paper employs elite formation quantitative indices to directly and transparently compare elite formation systems, namely the role of higher education systems in political elite formation over three quarters of a century in two countries. Specifically, the paper compares the influence, exclusiveness and eliteness of the Irish and British higher education systems in the production of their respective governing political elites in the 75 years between 1937 and 2012.
CHO cells engineered for fluorescence read out of cell cycle and growth rate in real time
Authors: Fuge Grischa , Hong Yaeseong , Riecken Kristoffer , Zeng An‐Ping , Jandt Uwe
Published: May 2017

For efficient production of recombinant proteins by mammalian cells in a bioreactor, optimal growth rates are required and represent the most important process parameter. We present the first successful attempt to monitor the growth behavior and cell cycle state of a mammalian production relevant cell line under bioreactor cultivation conditions up to 1.2 l, utilizing a fluorescent read‐out without the need of additional staining or marking. For this purpose, we developed two new production relevant cell line derivatives (CHO‐K1 FUCCI CM & CHO‐K1 FUCCI CN) and corresponding analytical methods. The approach is easily scalable, applicable to mammalian recombinant protein production cell lines, and it allows for real‐time monitoring using appropriate fluorescence probes. It is based on the Ubiquitination‐based Cell Cycle Indicator (FUCCI) system developed by Miyawaki et al. CHO‐K1 was chosen as a model cell line due to its close relationship to several production cell lines.1 We defined a new process parameter ired, a quantitative and numerically robust representation of the cell cycle distribution, and demonstrate it to be linearly correlated with the cell cycle state and inversely related to the real time growth rate. Detection of growth rate limitations is possible earlier than using cell‐count‐based approaches. Analytics were compatible with bulk fluorescence methods, using a plate reader as well as a flow cytometer. For future real time applications in industry scale bioreactors we recommend the use of on‐line or at‐line fluorescence probes. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1408–1417, 2017
How identity related goals moderate the role of attributes in product evaluation
Authors: Xiao Na
Published: May 2017

This research examines how identity related goals influence product evaluation. It is proposed that products are evaluated based on an attribute level to fulfill an identity related goal. Further, the positive relationship between an attribute level and product evaluation is strengthened by goal activation (the degree to which a goal occupies a consumer's thinking) and goal‐product fit (the extent to which consumers think a product is related to a particular goal). Results of three experimental studies support the above propositions.

The research makes contributions in that it identifies two moderators, that is, goal activation and goal‐product fit, in the relationship between attributes ability and product evaluation. First, identity‐related goals are higher order and likely to have higher priority for consumers. However, results in this paper show that it still needs to be activated before it can exert an influence on attribute importance. Specifically, when an identity related goal (e.g., one supportive of the fair trade goal) is activated, it takes over a lower‐order goal (e.g., seek for a good taste or a good priced coffee in this case). As goal activation increases, relevant attributes become more important, and the positive relationship between an attribute level and product evaluation strengthens.

Second, this paper introduces a new construct of goal‐product fit into identity‐related goals and product evaluation literature. The results of study three suggest that when goal‐product fit becomes stronger, the relevant attribute that can fulfill the goal becomes more important in the overall product evaluation.
Exploring and Exploiting Acceptor Preferences of the Human Polysialyltransferases as a Basis for an Inhibitor Screen
Authors: Ehrit Jörg , Keys Timothy G. , Sutherland Mark , Wolf Saskia , Meier Chris , Falconer Robert A. , Gerardy‐Schahn Rita
Published: May 2017

α2,8‐Linked polysialic acid (polySia) is an oncofoetal antigen with high abundance during embryonic development. It reappears in malignant tumours of neuroendocrine origin. Two polysialyltransferases (polySTs) ST8SiaII and IV are responsible for polySia biosynthesis. During development, both enzymes are essential to control polySia expression. However, in tumours ST8SiaII is the prevalent enzyme. Consequently, ST8SiaII is an attractive target for novel cancer therapeutics. A major challenge is the high structural and functional conservation of ST8SiaII and ‐IV. An assay system that enables differential testing of ST8SiaII and ‐IV would be of high value to search for specific inhibitors. Here we exploited the different modes of acceptor recognition and elongation for this purpose. With DMB‐DP3 and DMB‐DP12 (fluorescently labelled sialic acid oligomers with a degree of polymerisation of 3 and 12, respectively) we identified stark differences between the two enzymes. The new acceptors enabled the simple comparative testing of the polyST initial transfer rate for a series of CMP‐activated and N‐substituted sialic acid derivatives. Of these derivatives, the non‐transferable CMP‐Neu5Cyclo was found to be a new, competitive ST8SiaII inhibitor.
Impact of anticoagulation strategy with bivalirudin or heparin on nonaccess site bleeding in percutaneous coronary interventions: A meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Verdoia Monica , Barbieri Lucia , Parodi Guido , Bellandi Benedetta , Schaffer Alon , Suryapranata Harry , De Luca Giuseppe
Published: May 2017

Background

Transradial approach has significantly decreased the rate of access site bleeding in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), therefore potentially mitigating the benefits offered by bivalirudin in lowering major bleeding complications as compared to heparin. However, nonaccess site bleeding, that represent the majority of hemorrhagic complications, still carry negative prognostic consequences for these patients and no study has so far defined the exact impact of bivalirudin on nonaccess site bleeding, that was therefore the aim of present meta‐analysis.

Methods and study outcomes

Literature archives (Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane) and main scientific sessions were scanned comparing bivalirudin vs. heparin in patients undergoing PCI. Primary endpoint was the occurrence of nonaccess site bleeding within 30 days. Secondary endpoints were 30 days mortality and the occurrence of access‐site bleeding.

Results

A total of nine randomized clinical trials were finally included, involving 32,587 patients, 55.8% randomized to bivalirudin. Bivalirudin significantly reduced the rate of nonaccess site bleeding (2.6 vs. 3.8%, OR [95% CI] = 0.68 [0.60–0.77], P < 0.00001, Phet = 0.10). However, the reduction of hemorrhagic events was more pronounced when bivalirudin was compared to heparin plus glycoprotein IIbIIIa inhibitors than when it was compared to heparin alone (r = −0.01 (−0.02; −0.001), P = 0.02). Similar results were observed for access‐site bleeding (OR [95% CI] = 0.67 [0.57–0.79], P < 0.000001, Phet = 0.10), with a significant role of glycoprotein IIbIIIa inhibitors use (r = −0.02 (−0.04; −0.004), P = 0.017). Moreover, the observed benefits in hemorrhagic complications did not translate into mortality benefits (OR [95% CI] = 0.89 [0.76–1.05], P = 0.18; Phet = 0.12; r = 0.21 (−1.12; 1.53), P = 0.76).

Conclusions

The present meta‐analysis shows that bivalirudin can provide a significant reduction of both access and nonaccess site bleeding in patients undergoing PCI. However, these hemorrhagic benefits did not impact on survival, and moreover, were significantly conditioned by the association of heparin with potent antithrombotic strategies, such as glycoprotein IIbIIIa inhibitors, rather than by heparin or bivalirudin alone. Therefore, we could not provide any clinical evidence for the routine use of bivalirudin as preferred anticoagulation strategy for PCI. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomical risk models for paravalvular leak and landing zone complications for balloon‐expandable transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Condado Jose F. , Corrigan Frank E. , Lerakis Stamatios , Parastatidis Ioannis , Stillman Arthur E. , Binongo Jose N. , Stewart James , Mavromatis Kreton , Devireddy Chandan , Leshnower Bradley , Guyton Robert , Forcillo Jessica , Patel Ateet , Thourani Vinod H. , Block Peter C. , Babaliaros Vasilis
Published: May 2017

Background

Though several anatomical characteristics have been reported separately as risk factors for paravalvular leak (PVL) and landing zone (LZ) complications after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), multivariate risk models are needed.

Methods

Patients that underwent balloon‐expandable TAVR with multidetector cardiac computed tomography (MDCT) sizing were studied. MDCT images were analyzed and the association between anatomical factors and ≥mild PVL, ≥moderate PVL, and LZ complications (annular rupture, requirement of new permanent pacemaker, and coronary obstruction) was determined, and subsequently competing predictive models were developed and validated.

Results

A total of 316 consecutive TAVR patients were included. Median age was 82.0 years (74.0–87.0) and STS score was 8.3% (5.4–10.9). Factors associated with ≥mild PVL included TAVR with Sapien/Sapien XT vs. Sapien 3 (OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.24–5.07), LVOT nontubularity (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.01–1.04), LZ calcification (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00–1.01), and low cover index (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91–0.96). Factors associated with LZ complications included LZ calcification (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.01), leaflet asymmetry (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.01–1.02), and cover index (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.14). Predictive models for ≥mild PVL (AUC = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.66–0.77), ≥moderate PVL (AUC = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.65–0.84), and LZ complications (AUC = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.67–0.87) were created using procedural details and anatomical data from the MDCT. Clinical variables were not included as they were poorly correlated with the occurrence of PVL and LZ complications. For each outcome, the area under the curve (AUC) of the multivariate model was superior to the model consisting only of individual factors.

Conclusions

A model using procedural/anatomical characteristics derived from MDCT predicts ≥mild PVL, ≥moderate PVL, and LZ complications post‐TAVR. Incorporation of anatomical risks into clinical practice may help stratify patients before TAVR. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of a novel ROX central arteriovenous fistula formation device in a patient with severe drug‐resistant hypertension and prior aortic graft
Authors: Hensey Mark , Smyth Elizabeth , Gilroy Elaine , Galvin Joseph
Published: May 2017

We report a case of the successful use of a central arteriovenous (cAV) coupler device to treat severe drug‐resistant primary hypertension in a 46‐year‐old female. The device is inserted via a femoral approach to create an ateriovenous fistula between the external iliac artery and vein and has shown promise in the treatment of severe hypertension. The patient's 24‐hr ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) pre device insertion on eleven anti‐hypertensive medications revealed a mean 24‐hr ABP of 165/98 mm Hg. The insertion of the cAV coupler resulted in a sustained anti‐hypertensive effect nine months post‐procedure, with mean 24‐hr ABP of 154/91 mm Hg on only two anti‐hypertensives. Her significant anti‐hypertensive response may be explained by the presence of an inelastic aortic graft that had been inserted due to prior aortic dissection as it allowed the restoration of elasticity in a previously inelastic arterial system. We believe that the ROX cAV coupler device warrants further investigation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcatheter closure of hemodynamic significant patent ductus arteriosus in 32 premature infants by amplatzer ductal occluder additional size‐ADOIIAS
Authors: Morville Patrice , Akhavi Ahmad
Published: May 2017

Objectives

The advent of Amplatzer Duct Occluder II additional Size (ADOIIAS) provided the potential to close hemodynamic significant patent ductus arteriosus (HSPDA) and to analyze the feasibility, safety and efficacy of the device.

Background

Treatment of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in very premature neonates is still a dilemma for the neonatalogist who has to consider its significance and has to choose among different treatment options. Because surgical ligation and medical therapy both have their drawbacks, interventional catheterization might provide an alternative means of closing HSPDA.

Material and Methods

Between September 2013 and June 2015, 32 premature infants with complications related to HSPDA defined by ultrasound (US) underwent transcatheter closure. The procedure was performed in the catheterization laboratory by venous cannulation without angiography. The position of the occluder was directed by X‐ray and US. In particular we looked at procedural details, device size selection, complications, and short and mid‐term outcomes.

Results

Thirty two premature infants, all of whom had clinical complications related to HSPDA, born at gestational ages ranging between 23.6 and 36 weeks (mean ± standard deviation 28 ± 3 weeks) underwent attempted transcatheter PDA closure using the ADOIIAS. Their mean age and weight at the time of procedure was 25 days (range 8–70 days) and 1373 g (range 680–2480 g), respectively. Ten infants weighed ≤1,000g. All ducts were tubular. The mean PDA and device waist diameters were 3.2 ± 0.6mm (range 2.2–4) and 4.4 ± 0.6 mm, respectively, and the mean PDA and device lengths 5.2 ± 2.0 mm (range 2–10) and 3.4 ± 1.3 mm. Median fluoroscopy and procedural times were 11 min (range 3–24) and 28 min (range 10–90), respectively. Complete closure was achieved in all but one patient. There was no device migration. A left pulmonary artery (LPA) obstruction developed in one patient. Five infants died. Four deaths were related to complications of prematurity and one death in a 680 g infant was related to the procedure.

Conclusions

It is feasible to close HSPDA in relative safety in premature infants who have severe and complex disease. Success requires perfect selection of the occluder and exact positioning by US. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel approach to percutaneous removal of large tricuspid valve vegetations using suction filtration and veno‐venous bypass: A single center experience
Authors: George Bennet , Voelkel Anthony , Kotter John , Leventhal Andrew , Gurley John
Published: May 2017

Background

Tricuspid valve surgery has been the de facto standard treatment for tricuspid valve endocarditis (TVE) refractory to medical therapy. It is now possible to remove right‐sided vegetations percutaneously using a venous drainage cannula with an extracorporeal bypass circuit.

Objectives

The purpose of our study is to describe our single‐center experience of percutaneous tricuspid valve vegetation removal.

Methods

We reviewed the perioperative course of 33 consecutive patients with large tricuspid valve vegetations who carried high surgical risk.

Results

The cohort included 12 males and 21 females over a 40‐month period with an average age of 37 years. A preponderance of patients carried an admitted or confirmed diagnosis of injection drug use (72.7%). Average vegetation size was 2.1 +/– 0.7 cm prior to the procedure with a 61% reduction in size after the procedure. All patients survived the procedure and 90.9% survived the index hospitalization. Three patients proceeded to elective tricuspid valve replacement due to worsening severity of tricuspid regurgitation.

Conclusion

Percutaneous removal of large tricuspid valve vegetations is a safe and effective alternative for patients with TVE who carry high‐surgical risk. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk and timing of clinical events according to diabetic status of patients treated with everolimus‐eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds versus everolimus‐eluting stent: 2‐year results from a propensity score matched comparison of ABSORB EXTEND and SPIRIT trials
Authors: Campos Carlos M. , Caixeta Adriano , Franken Marcelo , Bartorelli Antonio L. , Whitbourn Robert J. , Wu Chiung‐Jen , Li Paul Kao Hsien , Rosli Mohd Ali , Carrie Didier , De Bruyne Bernard , Stone Gregg W. , Serruys Patrick W. , Abizaid Alexandre ,   on behalf of the ABSORB Cohort B and the SPIRIT II, III, and IV Investigators.
Published: May 2017

Objectives

to compare the occurrence of clinical events in diabetics treated with the Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold (Absorb BVS; Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA) versus everolimus‐eluting metal stents (EES; XIENCE V; Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA)

Background

There are limited data dedicated to clinical outcomes of diabetic patients treated with bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) at 2‐year horizon.

Methods

The present study included 812 patients in the ABSORB EXTEND study in which a total of 215 diabetic patients were treated with Absorb BVS. In addition, 882 diabetic patients treated with EES in pooled data from the SPIRIT clinical program (SPIRIT II, SPIRIT III and SPIRIT IV trials) were used for comparison by applying propensity score matching using 29 different variables. The primary endpoint was ischemia driven major adverse cardiac events (ID‐MACE), including cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), and ischemia driven target lesion revascularization (ID‐TLR).

Results

After 2 years, the ID‐MACE rate was 6.5% in the Absorb BVS vs. 8.9% in the Xience group (P = 0.40). There was no difference for MACE components or definite/probable device thrombosis (HR: 1.43 [0.24,8.58]; P = 0.69). The occurrence of MACE was not different for both diabetic status (insulin‐ and non‐insulin‐requiring diabetes) in all time points up to the 2‐year follow‐up for the Absorb and Xience groups.

Conclusion

In this largest ever patient‐level pooled comparison on the treatment of diabetic patients with BRS out to two years, individuals with diabetes treated with the Absorb BVS had a similar rate of MACE as compared with diabetics treated with the Xience EES. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Major salivary gland aplasia and hypoplasia in Down syndrome: review of the literature and report of a case
Authors: Chadi Mary Jane , Saint Georges Guy , Albert Francine , Mainville Gisele , Nguyen Julie Mi , Kauzman Adel
Published: May 2017

Key Clinical Message

Salivary gland aplasia and hypoplasia are rarely described in the medical literature. This article presents a case of aplasia and hypoplasia of the major salivary glands in a patient with Down syndrome. A literature review, as well as an overview of the diagnosis and management of this condition, is presented.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor mimicking a relapse in a patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma: report of an unusual case and review of the literature
Authors: Özbalak Murat , Torun Ege Sinan , Özdemirli Metin , Uçar Ali Rıza , Akpınar Timur Selçuk , Taşçıoğlu Cemil , Ferhanoğlu Burhan
Published: May 2017

Key Clinical Message

New PET‐positive lesions in previously treated patients with lymphomatous malignancies need further investigations. Relapse, sarcoidosis and secondary malignancies are the most important differential diagnosis. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT) is a rare complication after treatment of Hodgkin's disease and every PET‐positive lesion should be biopsied to prevent unnecessary intervention.
Cs‐Corrected STEM Imaging of both Pure and Silver‐Supported Metal‐Organic Framework MIL‐100(Fe)
Authors: Mayoral Alvaro , Mahugo Rubén , Sánchez‐Sánchez Manuel , Díaz Isabel
Published: May 2017

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are a family of porous solids combining organic and inorganic moieties with tunable porosity. Their structural parameters have converted MOFs into suitable compounds for gas storage or drug delivery. However, despite the excellent crystallinity they tend to exhibit their analysis through transmission electron microscopy is extraordinarily complicated owing to the high instability under the electron beam irradiation. In here, high‐resolution Cs‐corrected STEM imaging was used for the observation of the building units of MIL‐100(Fe), and special attention was paid to the electron beam current. In addition, MIL‐100(Fe) was reacted with AgNO3 through a solid‐state reaction technique, which resulted into the formation of metal nanoparticles on the surface. The incorporation of Ag into the porous network has been also investigated.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Cyclization of Azoarenes
Authors: Wang Zechao , Yin Zhiping , Zhu Fengxiang , Li Yahui , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: May 2017

In this communication, we established an interesting palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation protocol for the intramolecular cyclization of azoarenes. With Mo(CO)6 as the solid CO source and through C(sp2)−H bond activation, a series of azoarenes were transformed into the corresponding 2‐arylindazolones in moderate to good yields. Notably, not only symmetrical azoarenes, but also unsymmetrical substrates underwent the reaction with excellent regioselectivity.
Influence of Liquid‐Liquid Phase Separation on the Crystallization of L‐Menthol from Water
Authors: de Albuquerque Ian , Mazzotti Marco
Published: May 2017

The crystallization of L‐menthol in water was investigated, with the intent of understanding the effect that liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) has on the properties of product crystals. First, the binary phase diagram was measured, comprising both solid‐liquid and liquid‐liquid equilibrium regions. Calibration for the online monitoring of solid and liquid‐liquid suspension densities was performed using Raman spectroscopy, thus enabling the detection of LLPS and crystallization. Crystallization was monitored online also by Raman spectroscopy. Offline characterization was performed using differential scanning calorimetry, powder X‐ray diffraction, and Karl‐Fisher. Crystallization followed by LLPS led to the formation of the most stable polymorphic form, yet those solids contained solvent inclusions. The initial amount of inclusions proved to be a function of operating conditions, namely cooling rate and suspension density.
CO2 Capture from Air Using Amine‐Functionalized Kaolin‐Based Zeolites
Authors: Thakkar Harshul , Issa Ahlam , Rownaghi Ali A. , Rezaei Fateme
Published: May 2017

Several inexpensive zeolites such as ZSM‐5 (MFI), zeolite Y (FAU), and SAPO‐34 (CHA) were developed from kaolin clay and applied for CO2 capture from air. These molecular sieves were functionalized with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) in order to further improve their CO2 capacity. The obtained kaolin‐based zeolites exhibited similar properties than those of zeolites prepared with other sources. They also revealed a bimodal pore network consisting of both micropores and mesopores. The effect of amine loading on CO2 capture was investigated and the results demonstrated that TEPA‐modified zeolite Y with 10 wt % TEPA had a higher capacity than other zeolites due to its larger mesopore volume. The presence of mesopores in the zeolite Y framework facilitated a better accessibility of CO2 molecules to the amine sites.
Bidirectional Access to Radical Cation Diels‐Alder Reactions by Electrocatalysis
Authors: Ozaki Atsushi , Yamaguchi Yusuke , Okada Yohei , Chiba Kazuhiro
Published: May 2017

Umpolung is a classic and central concept in synthesis that produces a reversal of the normal reactivity of the molecules under study. The most straightforward method for umpolung involves an electron transfer reaction. The present study describes bidirectional access to radical cation Diels‐Alder reactions by electrocatalysis. The radical cation either of trans‐anethole or 9‐methylanthracene could trigger the reaction, which was confirmed unambiguously through the use of silica‐gel‐supported substrates.
Modeling Fungal Melanin Buildup: Biomimetic Polymerization of 1,8‐Dihydroxynaphthalene Mapped by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Cecchini Martina Maya , Reale Samantha , Manini Paola , d'Ischia Marco , De Angelis Francesco
Published: May 2017

Due to the emerging biomedical relevance and technological potential of fungal melanins, and prompted by the virtual lack of information about their structural arrangement, an optimized synthetic protocol has been devised for a potential structural model of Ascomyces allomelanin through enzyme‐catalyzed oxidative polymerization of 1,8‐dihydroxynaphthalene (1,8‐DHN). Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) measurements of freshly synthesized DHN‐polymer recorded in the negative ion mode allowed detection of oligomers up to m/z 4000, separated by 158 Da, corresponding to the in‐chain DHN‐unit. The dominant peaks were assigned to singly‐charged distribution, up to 23 repeating units, whereas a doubly charged polymer distribution was also detectable. Chemical derivatization, ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)‐ESI MS, and MS/MS data confirmed that oxidative polymerization of 1,8‐DHN proceeds through C−C coupling of the naphthalene rings. The new insights reported here into synthetic 1,8‐DHN oligomers/polymers as a mimic of fungal melanins may guide novel interesting advances and applications in the field of biomimetic functional materials.
Cancer as a stressful life event: Perceptions of children with cancer and their peers
Authors: Sharp Katianne M. Howard , Lindwall Jennifer J. , Willard Victoria W. , Long Alanna M. , Martin‐Elbahesh Karen M. , Phipps Sean
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

The medical traumatic stress model is commonly applied to childhood cancer, assuming that the diagnosis of cancer is a traumatic event. However, to the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding what specifically children perceive as stressful about cancer or how it compares with other stressful events more often experienced by children.

METHODS

Children with cancer (254 children) and demographically similar peers without a history of serious illness (202 children) identified their most stressful life event as part of a diagnostic interview assessing for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The events identified as most stressful were categorized thematically, with categories established separately for cancer‐related and non‐cancer‐related events. Events also were examined to assess whether they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) A criteria for PTSD.

RESULTS

In the group of children with cancer, 54% described a cancer‐related event as the most stressful event they had experienced. Six distinct categories of cancer‐related events and 10 categories of non‐cancer‐related events were identified. The same noncancer events were identified by children in both groups, and occurred at similar frequencies. The percentage of cancer‐related events that met DSM A criteria for PTSD differed dramatically depending on which version of the DSM was applied.

CONCLUSIONS

Children do not necessarily view their cancer experience as their most stressful life event. The findings of the current study suggest that the diagnosis of cancer might be better viewed as a manageable stressor rather than a major trauma, and are consistent with the change in the fifth edition of the DSM to eliminate the diagnosis of a life‐threatening illness as a qualifying trauma for PTSD. Cancer 2017;123:3385‐93. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Impact of travel distance to the treatment facility on overall mortality in US patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Vetterlein Malte W. , Löppenberg Björn , Karabon Patrick , Dalela Deepansh , Jindal Tarun , Sood Akshay , Chun Felix K.‐H. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Menon Mani , Abdollah Firas
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of travel distance to the treating facility on the risk of overall mortality (OM) among US patients with prostate cancer (PCa).

METHODS

In total, 775,999 patients who had PCa in all stages and received treatment with different strategies (radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, observation, androgen‐deprivation therapy, multimodal treatment, and chemotherapy) were drawn from the National Cancer Data Base from 2004 through 2012. Independent predictors of travel distance (intermediate [12.5‐49.9 miles] and long [49.9‐249.9 miles] vs short[<12.5 miles]) and its effect on OM were calculated using multivariable regression analyses. Additional analyses evaluated the distance effect on OM in selected subgroups.

RESULTS

In total, 54.5%, 33.4%, and 12.1% of patients traveled short, intermediate, and long distances, respectively. Residency in rural areas and the receipt of treatment at academic/high‐volume centers independently predicted long travel distance. Non‐Hispanic black men and Medicaid‐insured men were less likely to travel long distances (all P < .001). Overall, traveling a long distance (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.83‐0.92; P < .001) was associated with lower OM risk compared with traveling a short distance. This held true among non‐Hispanic white men; privately insured and Medicare‐insured men; those who underwent radical prostatectomy, received radiation therapy, and received multimodal strategies; and those who received treatment at academic/high‐volume centers (P < .01), but not among non‐Hispanic black men (P = .3). Long travel distance was associated with an increased OM in Medicaid‐insured patients (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

An OM benefit was observed among men who traveled long distances for PCa treatment, which is likely to be a reflection of centralization of care and more favorable patient‐level characteristics in those travelers. Furthermore, the survival benefit mediated by long travel distances appears to be influenced by baseline socioeconomic, treatment, and facility‐level factors. Cancer 2017;123:3241‐52. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Race colors transplantation utilization for multiple myeloma
Authors: Majhail Navneet S.
Published: May 2017

Utilization rates are low for autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma. Racial disparities are observed in the receipt of transplantation among Hispanic and black patients with myeloma.

See also pages 3141‐9.
Selective neuronal expression of the SoxE factor, Sox8, in direct pathway striatal projection neurons of the developing mouse brain
Authors: Merchan‐Sala Paloma , Nardini Diana , Waclaw Ronald R. , Campbell Kenneth
Published: May 2017

The striatum is the major component of the basal ganglia and is well known to play a key role in the control of motor function via balanced output from the indirect (iSPNs) and direct pathway striatal projection neurons (dSPNs). Little is known, however, about the molecular genetic mechanisms that control the formation of the iSPNs versus dSPNs. We show here that the SoxE family member, Sox8, is co‐expressed with the dSPN markers, Isl1 and Ebf1, in the developing striatum. Moreover, dSPNs, as marked by Isl1‐cre fate map, express Sox8 in the embryonic striatum and Sox8‐EGFP BAC transgenic mice specifically reveal the direct pathway axons during development. These EGFP+ axons are first observed to reach their midbrain target, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), at E14 in the mouse with a robust connection observed already at birth. The selective expression of EGFP in dSPNs of Sox8‐EGFP BAC mice is maintained at postnatal timepoints. Sox8 is known to be expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) together with other SoxE factors and we show here that the EGFP signal co‐localizes with the OPC markers throughout the brain. Finally, we show that Sox8‐EGFP BAC mice can be used to interrogate the altered dSPN development in Isl1 conditional mutants including aberrant axonal projections detected already at embryonic timepoints. Thus, Sox8 represents an early and specific marker of embryonic dSPNs and the Sox8‐EGFP BAC transgenic mice are an excellent tool to study the development of basal ganglia circuitry.
Multiple cell types form the VIP amacrine cell population
Authors: Pérez de Sevilla Müller Luis , Solomon Alexander , Sheets Kristopher , Hapukino Hinekura , Rodriguez Allen R. , Brecha Nicholas C.
Published: May 2017

Amacrine cells are a heterogeneous group of interneurons that form microcircuits with bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells to process visual information in the inner retina. This study has characterized the morphology, neurochemistry and major cell types of a VIP‐ires‐Cre amacrine cell population. VIP‐tdTomato and ‐Confetti (Brainbow2.1) mouse lines were generated by crossing a VIP‐ires‐Cre line with either a Cre‐dependent tdTomato or Brainbow2.1 reporter line. Retinal sections and whole‐mounts were evaluated by quantitative, immunohistochemical, and intracellular labeling approaches. The majority of tdTomato and Confetti fluorescent cell bodies were in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and a few cell bodies were in the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Fluorescent processes ramified in strata 1, 3, 4, and 5 of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). All tdTomato fluorescent cells expressed syntaxin 1A and GABA‐immunoreactivity indicating they were amacrine cells. The average VIP‐tdTomato fluorescent cell density in the INL and GCL was 535 and 24 cells/mm2, respectively. TdTomato fluorescent cells in the INL and GCL contained VIP‐immunoreactivity. The VIP‐ires‐Cre amacrine cell types were identified in VIP‐Brainbow2.1 retinas or by intracellular labeling in VIP‐tdTomato retinas. VIP‐1 amacrine cells are bistratified, wide‐field cells that ramify in strata 1, 4, and 5, VIP‐2A and 2B amacrine cells are medium‐field cells that mainly ramify in strata 3 and 4, and VIP‐3 displaced amacrine cells are medium‐field cells that ramify in strata 4 and 5 of the IPL. VIP‐ires‐Cre amacrine cells form a neuropeptide‐expressing cell population with multiple cell types, which are likely to have distinct roles in visual processing.
Innervation of the syrinx of the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Faunes Macarena , Botelho João F. , Wild J. Martin
Published: May 2017

In songbirds, the learning and maintenance of song is dependent on auditory feedback, but little is known about the presence or role of other forms of sensory feedback. Here, we studied the innervation of the avian vocal organ, the syrinx, in the zebra finch. Using a combination of immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and neural tracing with subunit B of cholera toxin (CTB), we analysed the peripheral and central endings of the branch of the hypoglossal nerve that supplies the syrinx, the tracheosyringeal nerve. In the syringeal muscles, we show the presence of numerous choline acetyl transferase‐like immunoreactive en plaque motor endplates and substance P‐like immunoreactive, thin and varicose free nerve endings. Substance P‐like immunoreactive free nerve endings were also present in the luminal syringeal tissues, especially in the luminal epithelium of the trachea and pessulus. Also, by a combination of immunofluorescence and transganglionic tracing following injections of CTB in the tracheosyringeal nerve, we identified as central targets of the syringeal receptors the caudolateral part of the interpolaris subnucleus of the descending trigeminal tract, a caudolateral region of the nucleus tractus solitarius, and a lateral band of the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus. Further studies are required to determine the sensory modalities of these receptors and the connections of their specific synaptic targets.
Cross‐Linked Sulfur–Selenium Polymers as Hole‐Transporting Materials in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells and Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Peng , Kloo Lars , Gardner James M.
Published: May 2017

Novel inverse‐vulcanized polymeric sulfur–selenium materials (SeS2:S:DIB, where DIB=1,3‐diisopropenylbenzene) have been prepared and utilized for solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells and perovskite solar cells. Under standard AM 1.5G illumination (1000 W m−2), a power conversion efficiency of 1.70 % was recorded for polymeric sulfur–selenium–based (SeS2:S:DIB) solid‐state solar cells, which is higher than that of polymeric sulfur‐based (S:DIB) devices (1.09 %). For perovskite solar cells, a relatively high efficiency has been achieved for polymeric sulfur–selenium‐based (SeS2:S:DIB) solar cells (10.21 %) and polymeric sulfur‐based (S:DIB; 7.32 %) solar cells, respectively. The conductivity of the polymeric SeS material has been determined to 2.24×10−4 S cm−1, which is higher than for the polymeric sulfur material under the same doping conditions. Photoinduced absorption and steady‐state photoluminescence measurements were performed to investigate the charge‐transfer properties relevant for the solar cells. The results in the present study qualify the new polymeric sulfur–selenium materials as candidates for low‐cost hole‐transport materials for photovoltaic devices.
Remarkable Solvatofluorochromism of a [2.2]Paracyclophane‐Containing Organoboron Complex: A Large Stokes Shift Promoted by Excited State Intramolecular Charge Transfer
Authors: Tanaka Mirai , Muraoka Shunsuke , Matsui Yasunori , Ohta Eisuke , Sakai Atsushi , Ogaki Takuya , Yoshimoto Yuichi , Mizuno Kazuhiko , Ikeda Hiroshi
Published: May 2017

The front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Dr. Hiroshi Ikeda at Osaka Prefecture University (Japan). The picture represents the luminescence associated with geometrical changes of a molecule in the photoexcited state. Drops of rainwater from the π‐electron clouds accumulate in a water bottle. When water finally flows out of a tilted bottle, luminescence is observed. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cptc.201600028.
Sustainable Gel Electrolyte Containing Pyrazole as Corrosion Inhibitor and Dendrite Suppressor for Aqueous Zn/LiMn2O4 Battery
Authors: Hoang Tuan K. A. , Doan The Nam Long , Cho Julie Hyeonjoo , Su Jane Ying Jun , Lee Christine , Lu Changyu , Chen P.
Published: May 2017

The Zn anode in secondary aqueous batteries suffers from dendrite formation and corrosion. In this work, dendrite formation was suppressed by using a simple but new gel electrolyte containing fumed silica and an additive. The dendrite suppression was evidenced by chronoamperometry and ex situ scanning electron microscopy examinations. Pyrazole was implemented as the additive in the electrolyte. It was found that the presence of 0.2 wt % pyrazole in the electrolyte helped minimize both corrosion and dendrite formation. The Zn/LiMn2O4 battery using pyrazole‐containing gel electrolytes exhibited high cyclability up to 85 % capacity retention after 500 charge–discharge cycles at 4C. This was 8 % higher than the performance of the reference battery (using aqueous electrolyte containing 2 m Li2SO4 and 1 m ZnSO4). Furthermore, self‐discharge of the battery with the pyrazole‐containing gel electrolyte was suppressed, as evidenced by an open‐circuit voltage loss that was 20 % lower than for the reference battery after 24 h monitoring. Float‐charge current density under constant voltage (2.1 V) also significantly decreased from approximately 8.0 to 3–6 μA.
Nullor‐based circuits for quantum technology
Authors: Hoekstra J.
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this paper is to review and derive circuit models to support the synthesis of circuits and systems to be used for reading out devices based on quantum technology. In quantum technology, reading out devices is difficult; measuring may destroy the information stored in the quantum system. Optimal design can be achieved by signal processing circuits based on the nullor that, theoretically, do not extract power and thus energy from the system. Because of the nullator properties at the input of the nullor two‐port and the norator properties of the output of the nullor, signals can be tapped from the quantum system without absorbing power from it; energy to do so is provided by external sources. Circuits based on the nullor are theoretically circuits for reading out signals from devices in quantumtimal circuits for reading out signals from devices in quantum systems and for processing this data afterwards. In the paper, basic sensing circuit concepts based on the nullor and their descriptions based on the chain‐matrix (K‐matrix) are presented. Some possible candidates for implementing the theoretical schemes are discussed, and as a possible application, a single‐electron tunneling electrometer is described. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 300‐mA load CMOS low‐dropout regulator without an external capacitor for SoC and embedded applications
Authors: Huang S. , Duan Quanzhen , Guo Tian , Cheng Yaping , Yin Jiaqi , Ding Yue Min
Published: May 2017

This study proposes a 300‐mA external capacitor‐free low‐dropout (LDO) regulator for system‐on‐chip and embedded applications. To achieve a full‐load range from 0 to 300 mA, a two‐scheme (a light‐load case and a heavy‐load case) operation LDO regulator with a novel control circuit is proposed. In the light‐load case (0–0.5 mA), only one P‐type metal–oxide–semiconductor input‐pair amplifier with a 10‐pF on‐chip capacitor is used to obtain a load current as low as 0. In the heavy‐load case (0.5 to 300 mA), both P‐type metal–oxide–semiconductor and N‐type metal–oxide–semiconductor differential input‐pair amplifiers with an assistant push‐pull stage are utilized to improve the stability of the LDO regulator and achieve a high slew rate and fast‐transient response. Measurements show an output voltage of 3.3 V and a full output load range from 0 to 300 mA. A line regulation of 1.66 mV/V and a load regulation of 0.0334 mV/mA are achieved. The measured power‐supply rejection ratio at 1 kHz is −65 dB, and the measured output noise is only 34 μV. The total active chip size is approximately 0.4 mm2 with a standard 0.5 μm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor process. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic colour table: A novel S‐box for cryptographic applications
Authors: V Panchami , Paul Varghese , Wahi Amitabh
Published: May 2017

In cryptography, S‐boxes play an important role in symmetric ciphers. S‐boxes are used for substitution process to enable diffusion in encryption and decryption of the messages. In most of the conventional and modern symmetric ciphers, the S‐boxes are of static in nature. It will never depend or vary with respect to the message or the key, but dynamic S‐boxes are more resistant to linear and differential attacks when compared with the static S‐boxes. In this paper, we propose the design of a new dynamic colour table (DCT) that can be used as S‐box in symmetric ciphers and it depends upon a master key K. The same key can be used for encryption and decryption in symmetric ciphers. Dynamic colour table is a 64×4 table, having 256 entries. Each column of DCT has 64 unique values. The input to generate the DCT is 160 bit master key K. We have also developed a sub‐key generation algorithm for generating the sub keys and 4 seeds from the master key of 160 bits. These 4 seeds are used to generate the random values in DCT. Dynamic colour table uses the alpha red green blue (ARGB) colour model concept for each entry. Our DCT is so lightweight in nature. Our new DCT have a wide range of applications such as it can be used as S‐boxes in symmetric ciphers or it can be used as pseudorandom number generators. Finally, we show an implementation and the simulated results of DCT. The simulated results are used to analyse the strength of our DCT. The different criterions to verify that DCT has the characteristic of good S‐box are nonlinearity, strong avalanche criterion, bit Independence criterion, differential approximation probability, and linear approximation probability. The performance is measured in terms of time complexity and security. The results show that our DCT is cryptographically stronger to use in various symmetric encryption algorithms.
Estimation and simulation of foraging trips in land‐based marine predators
Authors: Michelot Théo , Langrock Roland , Bestley Sophie , Jonsen Ian D. , Photopoulou Theoni , Patterson Toby A.
Published: May 2017

The behavior of colony‐based marine predators is the focus of much research globally. Large telemetry and tracking data sets have been collected for this group of animals, and are accompanied by many empirical studies that seek to segment tracks in some useful way, as well as theoretical studies of optimal foraging strategies. However, relatively few studies have detailed statistical methods for inferring behaviors in central place foraging trips. In this paper we describe an approach based on hidden Markov models, which splits foraging trips into segments labeled as “outbound”, “search”, “forage”, and “inbound”. By structuring the hidden Markov model transition matrix appropriately, the model naturally handles the sequence of behaviors within a foraging trip. Additionally, by structuring the model in this way, we are able to develop realistic simulations from the fitted model. We demonstrate our approach on data from southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) tagged on Kerguelen Island in the Southern Ocean. We discuss the differences between our 4‐state model and the widely used 2‐state model, and the advantages and disadvantages of employing a more complex model.
Pd‐Catalyzed Amination of Functionalized 6‐Bromo‐pyridinyl‐1,2,4‐triazine Complexant Scaffolds
Authors: Cleveland Jacob W. , Carrick Jesse D.
Published: May 2017

Current efforts in this laboratory continue to focus on the preparation of novel complexant motifs for potential use in chemoselective minor‐actinide liquid–liquid separations of relevant cations from used nuclear fuel. The present work describes an efficient Pd‐catalyzed amination reaction of diversely functionalized 6‐bromo‐1,2,4‐triazinyl‐pyridine scaffolds with various amines to afford the opportunity for convergent modulation of complexant electronic and steric properties directly from one substrate towards potentially enhanced solubility in process‐relevant solvents. The 21 novel examples presented highlight a unified approach to extensive molecular diversity and provide the ability to further study chelate effects, solubility properties, and complexation efficacy on nonsymmetric, moderately soft‐Lewis‐basic complexant scaffolds without the incorporation of additional heteroaromatic moieties. Synthetic‐method optimization, amine and scaffold scope, as well as a scale‐up experiment are presented.