bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Shared Receptor Suggests a Common Ancestry Between an Insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis Cry Protein and an Anti-cancer Parasporin
Authors: Bryce-Sharron Nicole , Nasiri Mojtaba , Powell Tom , West Michelle J , Crickmore Neil
Published: June 2024

Cry toxins produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis are of significant agronomic value worldwide due to their potent and highly specific activity against various insect orders. However, some of these pore-forming toxins display specific activity against a range of human cancer cells whilst possessing no known insecticidal activity, Cry41Aa is one such toxin. Cry41Aa has similarities to its insecticidal counterparts in both its 3-domain toxic core structure and pore-forming abilities, but how it has evolved to target human cells is a mystery. This work shows that some insecticidal Cry toxins can enhance the toxicity of Cry41Aa against hepatocellular carcinoma cells, despite possessing no intrinsic toxicity themselves. This interesting crossover is not limited to human cancer cells, as Cry41Aa was found to inhibit some Aedes-active Cry toxins in mosquito larval assays. Here, we present findings that suggest that Cry41Aa shares a receptor with several insecticidal toxins indicating a stronger evolutionary relationship than their divergent activities might suggest.
Evaluation of Mass Drug Administration Coverage for
Lymphatic Filariasis in the Lukonga Health Zone in 2022
Authors: Ntumba Patrick , Akilimali Pierre Zalagile
Published: June 2024

Abstract: (1) Background and rationale: To validate the reported therapeutic coverage, a lymphatic filariasis post-mass drug administration (MDA) campaign survey was conducted in the Lukonga health zone from 10 June to 15 July 2023. (2) Materials and methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at the community level in 30 villages in the Lukonga health zone from 10 June to 15 July 2023. The study population included all individuals from the visited com-munities. The study variables included age, sex, drug use (ivermectin + albendazole), adverse events, and adherence to MDA guidelines for supervised drug use. Questionnaires were administered on Android phones using the SurveyCTO platform. Stata version 17 was used for data analysis. (3) Results: Of the 1092 respondents, 54.8% were female and one-third were between the ages of 5 and 14. Two-thirds of the households surveyed, or 64%, had more than six people living in them, and 1031 individuals, or 94%, reported being present during the community mass drug distribution. Notably, 678 individuals, or 66%, reported taking the drugs offered, and 66.4% of those who took the drugs reported doing so in the presence of drug distributors. Thus, the survey coverage was 65.7% [95% CI: 62.9–68.7]. The results of this study show that the survey coverage was above the 65% threshold recommended by the WHO but below the 82.3% reported by the Lukonga health zone. The main reason for non-compliance was a fear of ivermectin-related side effects (47%). Supervised or directly observed treatment was not adhered to (66.4%). (4) Discussion and conclusions: Key challenges to further increase treatment coverage include assessing data quality, building capacity, motivating drug distributors, improving data reporting tools, proper recording by drug distributors, and ac-curate reporting on non-residents who take the drugs during the MDA. In addition, harmonization of the numerator for calculating drug coverage in the health zone is critical.
On the Feasibility of Deep GeothermalWells Using Numerical Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Zerpa Luis E. , Nassereddine Ali
Published: June 2024

This study examines geothermal energy extraction potential from the basement rock within the Denver-Julesburg (DJ) Basin, focusing on flow performance and heat extraction efficiency of different geothermal well configurations. It specifically compares U-Shaped, V-Shaped, Inclined V-Shaped, and Pipe-in-Pipe configurations against Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) setups. Through numerical modeling, we evaluated the thermal behavior of these systems under various operational scenarios and fracture conditions. Results suggest that while closed-loop systems offer moderate temperature increases, EGS configurations show substantial potential for high-temperature extraction. This underscores the importance of evaluating well configurations in complex geological settings like the DJ Basin. The insights from this study aid in strategic geothermal energy planning and development, marking significant advancements in geothermal technology and setting a foundation for future explorations and optimizations.
Investigating the Influence of Power Dynamics on Supply Chain Decision-Making Processes
Authors: Reynolds Samantha
Published: June 2024

The study investigates the influence of power dynamics on supply chain decision-making processes through a qualitative lens, aiming to understand how various forms of power impact interactions, relationships, and strategic outcomes within supply chains. Using semi-structured interviews with supply chain managers and executives from diverse industries, the research explores the multifaceted nature of power, identifying key sources such as economic leverage, expertise, resource control, and network centrality. Findings reveal that power dynamics significantly shape decision-making by determining negotiation outcomes, governance structures, and operational efficiencies. Economic power, often exercised by larger firms, enables them to dominate negotiations and impose favorable terms, creating pressures on smaller partners and potentially leading to conflicts. Expertise and resource control allow firms with specialized knowledge or unique inputs to influence product development and process innovation, further dictating supply chain configurations. The study differentiates between coercive and non-coercive power strategies, showing that while coercive power enforces compliance, it can erode trust and collaboration. Non-coercive power, on the other hand, promotes positive relationships through incentives and collaborative approaches, fostering trust and alignment of supply chain objectives. Governance structures imposed by dominant firms often reflect their strategic priorities but can burden less powerful partners, highlighting the need for balanced oversight. Power also plays a crucial role in risk management, resilience, sustainability, and innovation within supply chains, with digitalization introducing new dimensions of influence. The research underscores the importance of balanced and equitable power dynamics to enhance cooperation, resilience, and innovation in supply chains. These insights provide valuable implications for practitioners and scholars in developing more effective and adaptive supply chain strategies.
Simultaneous Integrated Boost (Sib) Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Treatment of Bone Metastases: Analysis of a Breast Cancer Cohort
Authors: Marazzi Fabio , Masiello Valeria , Fabi Alessandra , Manfrida Stefania , Corvari Barbara , Lancellotta Valentina , Mazzarella Ciro , Longo Silvia , De Angeli Martina , Moschella Francesca , Di Leone Alba , Orlandi Armando , Bracci Serena , Colloca Giuseppe Ferdinando , Massaccesi Mariangela , Boldrini Luca , Tagliaferri Luca , Franceschini Gianluca , Bria Emilio , Masetti Riccardo , Valentini Vincenzo , Gambacorta Maria Antonietta , CELLINI Francesco
Published: June 2024

Aims. Bone metastases have an incidence of up to 75% in metastatic breast cancer, thanks to the evolution of imaging we can identify them in the oligometastatic phase. With the introduction of target therapies and increasingly effective conjugated antibodies, it is increasingly common to treat patients with radiotherapy although asymptomatic (if single or ≤5 bone lesions). Volumes and doses in this setting do not yet have a clear guidelines. In this study, the aim is to administer to the macroscopically evident disease an ablative dose that favors the local control of disease. Aim of this retrospective analysis is to evaluate the outcome of pts receiving SIB for treatment of bone metastases.
Material and Methods. A retrospective analysis including mBC patients (pts) undergone RT on bone metastases was conducted for pts treated between January 2014 and January 2022. Primary endpoint was freedom from local progression (FFLP). Rate of disease progression after radiotherapy (DP-AR) and overall survival (OS) were secondary endpoints. Subgroup analysis (age, immunophenotype, line of therapy) were performed.
Results. Among 954 mBC who underwent radiotherapy for metastases, 85 pts underwent SIB-IMRT with a boost on macroscopic lesion of 8-6 Gy in 5 fr. Mean follow up was 41 months (6-61.5 m). Nineteen pts had single bone metastase (22.4%), 20 pts were oligometastatic (23,5%), 46 pts were plurimetastatic (54,1%). FFLP was 17 months (95% CI 3.2-61.5 m). Only 6 pts (7%) had local relapse on SIB-IMRT site during follow up. DP-AR was 13,2 m (95% CI 3.1-56.9 m). OS was 82,7 m (95% CI 10.6-343 m). Local-relapse was not associated with age, immunophenotype or sistemic line ongoing. Among secondary outcomes, DP-AR resulted associated to immunophenotype (p 0.002). DP-AR and OS were not significantly associated with local relapse (respectively p 0.148 and p 0.4).
Conclusions. Pts with breast tumor can be treated with SIB-IMRT on bone metastases with a 93% of local control at 17 months from radiotherapy. Further data are needed to individuate pts who can benefit of dose-escalation and also sinergic effect with systemic therapies to possibly increase DP-AR.
Intelligent Network Optimization in Cloud Environments with Generative AI and LLMs
Authors: Patil Kapil , Desai Bhavin
Published: June 2024

This paper represents a groundbreaking paradigm shift in network optimization. Departing from traditional static methodologies, this innovative approach harnesses the power of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) to optimize cloud networks dynamically. By integrating advanced AI algorithms, this framework continuously adapts and evolves, ensuring optimal real-time performance. This dynamic optimization enhances efficiency and resilience, allowing cloud networks to adjust seamlessly to changing demands and conditions. Through the fusion of cutting-edge technology and adaptive intelligence, this approach heralds a new era in network optimization, empowering organizations to achieve unprecedent-ed levels of agility and scalability in their cloud infrastructures.
Global Sensitivity Analysis of Structural Reliability Using Cliff Delta
Authors: Kala Zdeněk
Published: June 2024

This paper introduces innovative sensitivity indices based on Cliff's Delta for global sensitivity analysis of structural reliability. These indices build on Sobol's method, using binary outcomes (success or failure), but avoid the need to calculate failure probability Pf and the associated distributional assumptions of resistance R and load F. Cliff's Delta, originally for ordinal data, evaluates the dominance of resistance over load without specific assumptions. The mathematical formulations for computing Cliff's Delta between R and F quantify structural reliability by assessing the random realizations of R > F using a double-nested-loop approach. The derived sensitivity indices, based on the squared value of Cliff's Delta​, exhibit properties analogous to those in Sobol's sensitivity analysis, including first-order, second-order, and higher-order indices. This provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating the contributions of input variables and their interactions on structural reliability. This method is particularly significant for FEM applications, where repeated simulations of R or F are computationally intensive. The double-nested-loop algorithm of Cliff's Delta maximizes the extraction of information about structural reliability from these simulations. However, the high computational demand of Cliff's Delta is a disadvantage. Future research should optimize computational demands, especially for small Pf​, where the inner loop may often be unnecessary.
Comparative study of photocatalytic activity of metals- and non-metals doped ZnO and TiO2 nanocatalysts for advanced photocatalysis
Authors: AlMohamadi Hamad , Awad Sameer A. , Sharma Ashwani Kumar , Fayzullaev Normurot , Távara-Aponte Arístides , Chiguala-Contreras Lincoln , Amari Abdelfattah , Rodriguez-Benites Carlos , Tahoon Mohamed A. , Esmaeili Hossein
Published: June 2024

This review article provides useful information on TiO2 and ZnO photocatalysts and their derivatives in removing organic contaminants such as different types of dyes, hydrocarbons, pesticides, etc. Also, the reaction mechanism of TiO2 and ZnO photocatalysts and their derivatives was investigated. In addition, the impact of adding metallic (e.g., Ag, Co, Pt, Pd, Cu, Au, Ni) and non-metallic (e.g., C, N, O, S) dopants to their structure on the photodegradation efficiency of organic compounds was thoroughly studied. Moreover, advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis procedures of ZnO and TiO2 nanocatalysts were discussed and compared. Furthermore, the impact of photocatalyst dosage, photocatalyst structure, contaminant concentration, pH, light intensity and wavelength, temperature and reaction time on the photodegradation efficiency was studied. According to previous studies, adding metallic and non-metallic dopants to the TiO2 and ZnO structure led to a remarkable enhance in their stability and reusability. Besides, doped TiO2 and ZnO demonstrated remarkable photocatalytic efficiencies in eliminating various types of organic contaminants.
Exploring Domestic Violence Causes in Saudi Arabia, Factor Analysis Approach
Authors: Alhelali Marwan , Alamri Osama , Alanazi Talal , Alomair Mohammed , Alsaedi Basim
Published: June 2024

The objective of this research is to ascertain the elements that have an impact on and drive domestic violence in Saudi Arabia, a phenomenon that has a prevalence rate of around 35% among women globally. The researchers administered a survey to a sample of 550 individuals and using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to analyze the collected data. The findings revealed three factors: lack of familial unity, encouragement of detrimental characteristics, and economic turmoil. The authors examined the consequences of these characteristics on preventive and intervention programs and proposed suggestions for policy makers and researchers. This research enhances the existing body of knowledge on domestic violence by doing a statistical analysis to examine the factors that lead to it and the resulting outcomes within a particular cultural setting.
Ensemble Machine Learning on Fusion of Sentinel Time Series Imagery with High-Resolution Orthoimagery for Improved Land Use Land Cover Mapping
Authors: Subedi Mukti , Portillo-Quintero Carlos , McIntyre Nancy , Kahl Samantha , Cox Robert , Perry Gad , Song Xiaopeng
Published: June 2024

In the United States, several land use and land cover (LULC) data sets are available based on Landsat. These data sets often fail to accurately represent the features on the ground despite having several advantages over other data. Detailed mapping of complex heterogeneous landscapes for informed decision-making is possible using high spatial resolution orthoimagery from the National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP). However, large-area mapping at this resolution remains challenging due to radiometric differences between scenes, low spectral depth of imagery, landscape heterogeneity, and computational limitations. Machine learning (ML) techniques have shown promise in improving LULC maps. The primary purposes of this study are to examine and evaluate bagging (Random Forest; RF), Boosting (Gradient Boosting Machines [GBM] and Extreme Gradient Boosting [XGB]), and stacking ensemble models on sentinel 2A fusion data on NAIP imagery. We also compared the accuracy based on random cross-validation (80% / 20% split) without accounting for spatial autocorrelation and target-oriented validation (10 clusters) accounting for spatial structures of the training data set. To make the LULC map of a portion of Tom Green and Irion counties in central Texas, we used a time series of sentinel data and NAIP orthoimagery. We created several spectral indices, structural variables, and geometry-based variables, reducing the dimensionality of features generated on Sentinel and NAIP data. The random and target-oriented validation results show that autocorrelation in the training data offers over-optimistic results. In our case, the overestimation ranged from 2 % to 3.5 %. The XGB-boosted stacking ensemble on-base learners (RF, XGB, and GBM) improved model performance over individual base-learner. The main contribution of this research is that meta-learners are just as sensitive to overfitting as base models, as these algorithms are not designed to account for spatial information. Finally, we show that the fusion of Sentinel 2A data with NAIP data improves land use land cover classification using Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA).
Management of Peritoneal Dialysis-associated Emergencies During COVID Pandemic- The Experience of a Center of Excellence
Authors: Iorga Cristian , Iorga Cristina Raluca , Andreiana Iuliana , Stancu Simona Hildegard , Bengulescu Iustinian , Constantin Traian , Strambu Victor
Published: June 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic struck unexpectedly, emergency services and chronic care institutions, including dialysis centers, were overloaded.
An important problem was the care of positive COVID patients, but also the care of chronically dialyzed patients who presented emergencies.
In our Hospital, which has become a COVID support for dialysis patients with severe forms of the disease, we had to care for PD patients with dialysis-related emergencies.
We presented 2 cases of patients managed on an outpatient basis or 1 day hospitalization, treated successfully and without compromising the quality of the care provided. We used remote monitoring, we worked in a multidiscipli-nary team, we shortened the hospitalization of patients (and implicitly the risk of contact).
In pandemic conditions, the advantage of PD was represented by the possibility of patient isolation, so that in the first 6 months of the pandemic, we recorded no deaths in this category of patients. In case of hemodialysis patients, in-fection and mortality rates were high.

Although we expected an increase in the number of peritoneal dialysis patients in the post-pandemic period, this did not happen. We continue to plead for the popularization of the PD method among patients and doctors, which has proven its advantages under the conditions of the pandemic.
Integrating Omics Data and AI for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ozaki Yousaku , Broughton Phil , Abdollahi Hamed , Valafar Homayoun , Blenda Anna
Published: June 2024

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, making timely diagnosis and prognosis very important. Utilization of AI (artificial intelligence) enables providers to organize and process patient data in a way that can lead to better overall outcomes. This review paper aims to look at the varying uses of AI for diagnosis and prognosis and clinical utility. PubMed and EBSCO databases were utilized for finding publications from January 1, 2013, to December 22, 2023. Articles were collected using key search terms such as “artificial intelligence” and “machine learning.” Included in the collection were studies of the application of AI in determining cancer diagnosis and prognosis using multi-omics data, radiomics, pathomics, clinical and laboratory data. The resulting 89 studies were categorized into eight sections based on the type of data utilized and then further subdivided into two subsections focusing on cancer diagnosis and prognosis, respectively. 8 studies integrated more than one form of omics, namely genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics. Incorporating AI into cancer diagnosis and prognosis alongside omics and clinical data represents a significant advancement. Given the considerable potential of AI in this domain, ongoing prospective studies are essential to enhance algorithm interpretability and to ensure safe clinical integration.
Advancements in Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Technologies Enhanced by AI for Next-Generation Applications
Authors: ISLAM MD. SUZON
Published: June 2024

The integration of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technologies with Artificial Intelligence (AI) is poised to revolutionize multiple industries, including consumer electronics and industrial applications. This study delves into the latest advancements in WPT, with a focus on AI-enhanced efficiency, range, and reliability. AI-driven algorithms optimize power transfer, improve device alignment, and predict maintenance needs, leading to smarter and more sustainable power solutions. Machine learning and computer vision are employed to achieve precise alignment, while predictive maintenance minimizes downtime and costs. Additionally, AI-powered power management systems adapt to varying demands, optimizing energy usage. This research highlights the transformative potential of AI in enhancing WPT technologies, with significant implications for next-generation applications. The findings emphasize the importance of ongoing research in this interdisciplinary field to address existing challenges and unlock new opportunities for innovation.
Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Penyalahgunaan Iuran BPJS Ketenagakerjaan oleh PT Asiadaya Abadi Kudus
Authors: Laksono Rudi , Taruno Muryanto Yudho
Published: June 2024

Menurut Pasal 15 UU No. 24/2011 mengenai Penyelenggaraan Jaminan Sosial, jaminan sosial ialah kewajiban perusahaan terhadap karyawannya. Jaminan sosial meliputi JKN, JKK, JKM, JHT, JP serta jaminan PHK (JKP). Pendekatan penelitian memakai pendekatan yuridis normatif, menganalisa masalah menurut aturan perundang-undangan serta literatur yang membahas masalah yang diangkat. UU No. 40/2004 mewajibkan iuran jaminan sosial bagi masyarakat. Indonesia mempunyai 2 BPJS yakni BPJS Kesehatan; BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Setiap orang yang telah kerja di Indonesia minimal enam bulan, wajib jadi peserta skema jaminan sosial. Menurut psikologi industri, pekerja outsourcing yakni pekerja kontrak yang disediakan oleh perusahaan outsourcing. PT Asiadaya Abadi adalah perusahaan jasa dalam bidang jasa kebersihan serta satpam meliputi daerah Kudus, Yogyakarta, Purwokerto, Temanggung, serta Pemalang. PT Asiadaya Abadi telah memungut biaya dari instansi yang memakai jasanya tetapi PT Asiadaya Abadi sebenarnya belum membayarkan iuran kepada BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Unit PT Asiadaya Abadi Kudus terbukti bersalah menunda iuran dan menyalahgunakan iuran (yaitu penggelapan). Denda PT Asiadaya Abadi unit perusahaan Kudus sudah dibayar, tapi pelaku penyelewengan iuran harus dihukum pidana.
Explorando la eficiencia técnica de la producción agrícola en tres regiones de México
Authors: Colin Castillo Sergio , Aguilar Benítez Ismael , Mesa Jurado María Azahara
Published: June 2024

This work assesses the technical efficiency (TE) in agricultural production under irrigation of corn, alfalfa, sorghum, and plantain; the analysis is conducted for three hydrological subregions of Mexico: Río San Juan (north), Valley of Mexico (center) and Valle Bajo de Grijalva (South). The measurement was carried out by agricultural cycle (spring-summer, autumn-winter and perennial), and by land size. We use stochastic frontier analysis to corroborate whether the farmer's skills favor efficiency, with a production function that relates irrigated land as a basic element, and a set of explanatory socioeconomic variables. Despite limitations in the data, the results contribute to the knowledge of TE in Mexican agriculture. Indirectly, the contribution of irrigation is recognized, so identifying their economic relevance could help define strategies to improve agricultural production and support water management in agriculture.
Influence of Climate on Tea Yields in Mount Kenya Region
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Kenya Science Campus, University of Nairobi, K. Rwigi Stephen , B. B. Oteng’i Silvery ,   Centre for Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance (CDMHA), Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST)
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the existence of a systematic relationship be- tween tea yields and climatic parameters in the tea growing areas of Mount Kenya region. Both linear and multiple regression models were applied. The data used in this study were the daily mean minimum and maximum tempera- tures, daily mean relative humidity, radiation, total weekly rainfall, and total weekly tea yields. One week is taken to be seven days with the first day of July being the first day of the first week of the year. The results of applying these models using weekly data were found to be satisfactory and it was concluded that climatic parameters can indeed be used to predict tea yields in this region.
Revolutionizing Concrete Quality Through Global Innovations
Authors: Sidhi Cahyana Atikha , Romadhon Ilham Fatwa , Jakaria Ribangun Bamban , Wahyuni Hana Catur
Published: June 2024

The concrete industry, known for producing various concrete products, faces quality challenges evidenced by a 20% defect rate in concrete type G5. SP. 100. 100. 120. 10 MF from August 2022 to January 2023. This study aims to identify the root causes of defects to aid companies in enhancing product quality. Employing qualitative and quantitative methods, including the Seven Tools and Root Cause Analysis (RCA), the research uncovered predominant defects: 681 porous, 312 chipped, 196 cracked, 132 bug hole, 93 shrinkage, 85 lumpy, and 72 other defects. Human, material, machine, method, environmental factors contributed to these defects. Corrective actions were recommended to mitigate defects. The study's limitations include its focus solely on concrete type G5. SP. 100. 100. 120. 10 MF, suggesting future research should encompass all concrete types to provide comprehensive insights for the industry.
Highlight:

Automotive innovation drives rapid progress in technology and productivity.
Consumers prioritize quality and quantity in vehicle selection.
Modified racing rollers enhance motorcycle performance, boosting power and torque.

 
Keywoard:  Innovation, Technology, Automotive, Development, Productivity
Revolutionizing Warehouse Efficiency with Shared and Class-Based Storage
Authors: Supriyadi Deddy , Cahyana Atikha Sidhi
Published: June 2024

This study addresses inefficiencies in the warehouse layout of a paper production company in Pasuruan, East Java, which led to delayed deliveries. By implementing shared storage (SS) using FIFO and class-based storage (CBS), the research aimed to optimize space and improve material handling efficiency. Data collection involved observation, interviews, and company records. The proposed layout reduced space usage from 59.45% to 16.95% and achieved significant time savings: 17.84% for brown paper, 8.84% for white paper, and 28.51% for custom-colored paper. The findings suggest that a systematic layout can greatly enhance warehouse efficiency. Future studies should consider the cost factors associated with these improvements.
Highlights:
 

Space Efficiency: Reduced usage from 59.45% to 16.95%.
Time Savings: Up to 28.51% for custom-colored paper.
Data-Driven: Used observations, interviews, and records for layout optimization

Keywords: Warehouse layout, material handling, shared storage, class-based storage, efficiency improvement
Mineralogical composition, isotopic and geochemical characteristics of Pleistocene glendonites from the outcrops of Bol’shaya Balakhnya River, eastern Taimyr, Russia
Authors: Vasileva Kseniia , Ershova Victoria , Rogov Mikhail , Gritsenko Julia , Maximov Fedor , Ovsepyan Yaroslav , Okuneva Tatiana , Rybakova Anna , Kiseleva Daria , Vereshchagin Oleg
Published: June 2024

We present a complex study on mineralogical, U/Th dating, isotopic and geochemical characteristics of Pleistocene glendonites (calcite pseupomorphs after ikaite) from the outcrops of Bol’shaya Bakakhnya valley, eastern Taimyr, Russia. Based on the U/Th dating of the glendonites (37 ± 7 ka) we propose that the glendonites and host sediments were formed during the Karginsky interstadial (22–50 ka)—this data corresponds well with published ages of foraminifers and wood fragments from Karginsky deposits of eastern Taimyr. The main factors leading to ikaite crystallization was presence of organic matter (δ13C varies from –5 to –40‰ V-PDB) in the host clayey sediments and low temperatures (< 7°C) of bottom water. Isotope (δ18O ratios vary from –8 to –33.9‰ V-PDB) and geochemical (PAAS-normalized patterns of rare earth elements) characteristics of the studied glendonites confirm that ikaite crystallization and transformation was influenced by seawater. Carbon was derived from dissolved inorganic carbon, decomposed organic matter, and probably methane. Some glendonites are surrounded by concretions (host rock cemented by calcite). The isotopic characteristics of the host concretions and glendonites are similar, so we assume that glendonites and host nodules were formed by the same processes—sulfate reduction coupled with anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. Nevertheless, geochemical characteristics of the host concretions and glendonites differ: Mg/Ca ratio and values of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, and U are higher in host concretion than in glendonite. This may reflect differences in crystalline structure of ikaite and high magnesium calcite.
Spaceflight alters host-gut microbiota interactions
Authors: Brereton Nicholas , Gonzalez Emmanuel , Lee Michael , Tierney Braden , Lipieta Natalie , Flores Pamela , Mirshra Maya , Beckett Laura , Karouia Fathi , Barker Richard , Jansen Rick , Green Stefan , Weging Silvio , Kelliher Julia , Singh Nitin , Bezdan Daniela , Galazka Jonathan
Published: June 2024

The rodent habitat on the International Space Station has provided crucial insights into the impact of spaceflight on mammals, inducing symptoms characteristic of liver disease, insulin resistance, osteopenia, and myopathy. Although these physiological responses can involve the microbiome when observed on Earth, changes in host-microbiota interactions during spaceflight are still being elucidated. Here, we explore murine gut microbiota and host gene expression in the colon and liver after 29 and 56-days of spaceflight using multiomic analyses of the Rodent Research 6 mission. Hybrid amplicon and whole metagenome sequencing revealed significant spaceflight-associated changes in 43 microbiome species, including relative reductions in bile acid and butyrate metabolising bacteria like Extibacter muris and Dysosmobacter welbionis. Functional prediction indicate over-representation of fatty acid and bile acid metabolism, extracellular matrix interactions, and antibiotic resistance genes within the gut microbiome, while host intestinal and hepatic gene expression described corresponding changes to host bile acid and energy metabolism, and immune suppression from spaceflight. Taken together, these changes imply that interactions at the host-gut microbiome interface contribute to spaceflight pathology and highlight how these interactions might critically influence human health and the feasibility of long-duration spaceflight.
The nature of the relationship between obesity and mental health: An IMI2 SOPHIA qualitative study
Authors: Farrell Emma , Nadglowski Joseph , Hollmann Eva , Roux Carel Le , McGillicuddy Deirdre
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Obesity is associated with poor mental health. However, the nature and direction of this association is not well understood. This study is the first to qualitatively examine the nature of the relationship between obesity and mental health from the perspective of people living with obesity.
Methods
A qualitatively-driven multimethodological research design was implemented, integrating hermeneutic phenomenological conversational interviews and focus group methodologies. Data from these interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.
Results
Four major themes emerged related to: (1) Mental health difficulties and obesity: Chicken or egg?, (2) Obesity as “a literal not fitting in”, (3) Obesity as a response to trauma, (4) The importance of mental health support in obesity treatment. People living with obesity struggled to determine the direction of the relationship between obesity and mental health but identified the mental health impact of “not fitting in” and obesity as a response to, or repellent against, childhood abuse or trauma.
Conclusion
Our findings offer a qualitative insight into the bidirectional nature of the relationship between obesity and mental health from the perspective of people living with obesity.
ANN and Machine Learning based predictions of MRR in AWSJ Machining of CFRP composites
Authors: Ramesha K , Santhosh N , Praveena B A , Manjunath C , Nagaraj Banakara , Johar MGM , Jaharadak Adam Amril , Rajhi Ali A. , Alamri Sagr , Duhduh Alaauldeen A. , N CHANNA KESHAVA NAIK
Published: June 2024

The study assesses the efficacy of Abrasive Water Suspension Jet (AWSJ) Machining, a non-conventional technique based on erosion principles, with a specific emphasis on its use in machining carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) composites. The analysis examines critical process variables, including Speed, Feed, and Standoff distance, to evaluate their influence on Material Removal Rate (MRR), during underwater cutting operations. The results unambiguously support the superiority of underwater cutting. Expanding the diameter of the jet in underwater cutting improves both the width of the cut and the roughness of the surface. This also helps reduce vibrations in the nozzle when operating at high pressures, resulting in a smaller cut and a smoother surface. This highlights the effectiveness of underwater cutting in generating accurate machining results. In addition, the study utilizes machine learning (ML) models such as Random Forest and XGBoost to enhance the optimization of MRR, a crucial parameter in composite machining. The results demonstrate exceptional performance across all models, with XGBoost exhibiting outstanding accuracy and efficiency on both the training and test datasets. The comparative analysis reveals the competitive performance of Random Forest XGBoost and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in optimizing MRR. These models achieve notable accuracy scores in both training and test sets, surpassing the regular statistical methods such as the Response Surface Methodology (RSM).
Anti-inflammatory Effect and Plasma Bupivacaine Concentrations After Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Living Liver Donors: Prospective, Randomized, Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Yalin Mehmet Rıdvan , Erdogan Mehmet Ali , Ucar Muharrem , Uremis Muhammed Mehdi , Colak Yusuf Ziya , Ozdemir Emine , Ugur Yılmaz , Ozgul Ulku , Erdogan Selim , Kacmaz Osman , Colak Cemil , Toprak Huseyin İlksen
Published: June 2024

Objective
Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks were reported to reduce postoperative pain and opioid use. Local anesthetics modulate the local and systemic inflammatory reaction. Our aim was to examine the effect of TAP block with bupivacaine on the anti-inflammatory response in living liver donors (LLDs).
Methods
The randomized prospective clinical study was carried out 72 LLDs, aged 18–65 scheduled for right hepatectomy. TAP blocks were performed bilaterally with ultrasound guidance using 1.5 mg/kg of 0.5% bupivacaine for Group 2. Group 1 patients were control group. In both groups, blood samples were obtained preoperatively, 30 minutes and 2, 6, and 24 hours following injection for cytokine measurement. In Group 2, to examine the plasma bupivacaine level, blood samples were obtained preoperatively as well as 30 minutes and 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours following injection. The primary outcome was to assess the effect of TAP block on the inflammatory response with cytokine levels.
Results
No difference was observed between cytokine levels (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) between Groups Significant positive correlations were observed between the plasma bupivacaine concentration and IL-1 and IL-6 levels at the 2nd, 6th and 24th hours
Conclusions
TAP block had no effect on the plasma cytokine concentration. Significant positive correlations were noted between the plasma bupivacaine concentration and IL-1 and IL-6 levels.
Imaging material yielding and phase transitions in shock-compressed matter.
Authors: Pandolfi Silvia , Galtier Eric , Lee Hae Ja , Hodge Daniel , Makita Mikako , Khaghani Dimitri , Cunningham Eric , Hart Phiip , Ricks Matthew , Hatcher Thomas , Yunus Sameen , Heimann Phillip , Dyer Gilliss , Sandberg Richard , Gleason Arianna , Nagler Bob
Published: June 2024

Decades of research have investigated the mechanical properties of matter under extreme conditions, exploring how materials deform, yield, and fail when subjected to high strain rates. While plasticity codes and computational methods can provide atomic-scale precision, reliable experimental benchmarks are needed to validate these models. However, for decades only bulk and surface measurements (e.g., velocimetry and reflectivity) were available to the community, and data interpretation was mainly done relying on conventional plasticity models and drawing parallels with results obtained under quasi-hydrostatic conditions. In recent years the advent of X-ray free electron lasers has provided insight into the microscopic structure of shock-compressed matter, revealing substantial differences with static compression experiments. Information at the mesoscale was, however, still missing, and the onset and propagation of the deformation at this length-scale was only accessible using computational methods; in this paper we fill that void, providing experimental data at the relevant time- and length-scales.
Here, we combine imaging and structural characterization in situ using a nanosecond pump laser coupled with a femtosecond X-ray probe in a novel experimental configuration at the LCLS. Our data provides a comprehensive characterization of the deformation of silicon, a simple, yet highly debated, model system for high-strength materials. Information spanning the macroscopic and mesoscopic scale down to the lattice level allows us to resolve and directly visualize the nucleation and growth of the high-pressure phase for the first time, providing a temporal constraint on its kinetics. These novel insights are crucial to unambiguously determine how silicon yields under shock-compression, as they are able to connect the structural evolution at the atomic level with the complex multi-wave dynamic observed at the macroscopic scale, reliably benchmarking decade-old theoretical predictions.
Perceptual Training in Ice Hockey: Bridging the Eyes-Puck Gap using Virtual Reality
Authors: Bloechle Jean-Luc , Audiffren Julien , Sauthier Quentin , Mertenat Quentin , Waeber Yohann , Aebischer David , Bresciani Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2024

Background Some cognitive and perceptual determinants of sports performance can be arduous to train using conventional methods. In ice-hockey, this is the case for the players’ ability to identify the Largest Exposed Area, i.e., the goal area that is the least covered by the goaltender from a puck’s perspective. We developed a Virtual Reality (VR) application to quantify and train the players’ ability to identify the Largest Exposed Area from a wide range of shooting positions. Thirty-four professional ice-hockey players were tested. Between two test sessions, half of the players followed a specific feedback-based training (Feedback group), whereas the other players practiced without feedback (Control group).
Results For the players of the Feedback group, performance was significantly better after training, whereas it remained unaltered for the players of the Control group. For both groups, performance decreased as the amplitude of the Eyes-Puck difference (i.e., the difference of perspective between the eyes and the puck) increased. This relationship vanished after training for the Feedback group but not for the Control group.
Conclusions We took advantage of VR technology to assess and train the perceptual ability to identify the Largest Exposed Area from a puck’s perspective, which would be difficult using traditional methods. Only 15 minutes of specific feedback-based training significantly and substantially improved the performance of professional ice-hockey players, thereby evidencing the efficacy of our training application.
Cerebellar Re-Irradiation after whole brain radiotherapy Significant Symptom Relief with Minimal Toxicity in Metastatic Brain Patients
Authors: haisraely ory , Jaffe Marcia , Lawerence Yaacov , Talianksy Alicia
Published: June 2024

Introduction Whole-brain irradiation (WBRT) remains a standard treatment for patients with extensive brain metastases, providing symptom relief and prolonging survival. However, patients often experience recurrent metastases, necessitating re-irradiation. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of cerebellar-only re-irradiation for improving symptoms and reducing toxicity in patients with recurrent cerebellar metastases following WBRT.Methods A retrospective review was conducted on patients who underwent cerebellar re-irradiation between 2017 and 2023 after prior WBRT for symptomatic cerebellar metastases. Clinical, dosimetric, and outcome data were collected. Symptom improvement was assessed based on patient, caregiver, and physician reports three months post-treatment.Results The study included 56 patients with a median age of 53 years. Symptom domains included gait dysfunction, nausea/vomiting, dysarthria, movement disorder, dizziness, and headache. Breast cancer was the most common histology. The median interval from WBRT to cerebellar re-irradiation was 15 months. Symptomatic improvement was observed in 75% of patients, with notable improvements in nausea/vomiting (84.6%) and headache (80%). Age, dose deliver and time from WBRT were significant for clinical improvement. Dexamethasone use decreased in 76.3% of patients post-treatment. Radiological responses correlated with clinical improvements in 90% of cases. Only one patient developed symptomatic radiation necrosis. Six-month overall survival and progression-free survival were 50% and 39.2%, respectively.Conclusion Cerebellar-only re-irradiation is an effective and safe option for managing recurrent cerebellar metastases, significantly improving symptoms with minimal toxicity. This approach also allows for subsequent systemic therapy or radiosurgery for supratentorial lesions, potentially reducing the need for additional WBRT. Further studies are required to validate these findings in larger cohorts.
Differential response to preoperative exercise training in patients candidates to cardiac valve replacement
Authors: López-Hernández Antonio , Gimeno-Santos Elena , Navarro-Ripoll Ricard , Arguis Mª José , Romano Bárbara , López-Baamonde Manuel , Teres Silvia , Garza María Sanz-de la , Martínez-Palli Graciela
Published: June 2024

Background
There is lack of evidence regarding safety, effectiveness and applicability of prehabilitation on cardiac surgery population, particularly in patients candidates to cardiac valve replacement. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of a multimodal prehabilitation program on functional capacity in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AoS) and severe mitral regurgitation (MR) proposed for valve replacement surgery.
Methods
Secondary analysis from a randomised controlled trial whose main objective was to analyze the efficacy of a 4–6 weeks multimodal prehabilitation program in cardiac surgery on reducing postoperative complications. For this secondary analysis, only candidates for valve replacement surgery were selected. The primary outcome was the change in endurance time (ET) from baseline to preoperative assessment measured by a cycling constant work-rate cardiopulmonary exercise test.
Results
68 patients were included in this secondary analysis, 34 (20 AoS and 14 MR) were allocated to the prehabilitation group and 34 (20 AoS and 14 MR) to control group. At baseline, patients with AoS had better left systolic ventricular function and lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation compared to MR (p = 0.022 and p = 0.035 respectively). After prehabilitation program, patients with MR showed greater improvement in ET than AoS patients (101% vs. 66% increase from baseline). No adverse events related to the prehabilitation program were observed.
Conclusions
A 4–6 week exercise training program is safe and overall improves functional capacity in patients with severe AoS and MR. However, exercise response is different according to the cardiac valve type disfunction, and further studies are needed to know the factors that predispose some patients to have better training response.
Trial Registration:
The study has been registered on the Registry of National Institutes of Health ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03466606) (March 2018).
Progressive developmental cues from multiple cardiac cell types promote cardiomyocyte maturation
Authors: Ogle Brenda , Givens Sophie , Andebrhan Abygail , Wang Ruchen , Kong Xiangzhen , Rothermel Taylor , Hosseini Sanaz , Xi An , Shameen Mohammed , Torniainen Andrea , Boland Samuel , Johnson Maya , Mancipe Natalia , Singh Bhairab , Dudley Samuel , Alford Patrick , Tolkacheva Elena , Berlo Jop van
Published: June 2024

Accumulating evidence in vitro indicates that the exposure of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) to adult post-natal environmental conditions is not sufficient to attain maturation. Here we instead mimic the progressive embryonic ventricular environment via co-culture of hiPSC-CM with epicardial cells and epicardial-derived cells in two-dimensional (2D) direct co-culture and 3D engineered heart tissues (EHT). When epicardial cells were combined with CM in 2D direct co-cultures the percentage of proliferating CM increased at the same time as stark electrophysiologic improvements in calcium handling. Notably, no increase in single-cell CM force generation was observed, as determined using traction force microscopy. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed a significant shift in the bulk CM population in epicardial-CM co-cultures as characterized by more fetal-like myofilament isoforms but with enhanced pathways associated with cardiac conduction and ventricular
development. While co-culture of epicardial cells in the 3D-EHT model showed limited proliferation but a similar improvement in CM electrophysiologic function. These results indicate that certain aspects of CM maturation are enhanced, especially cardiac conduction, by epicardial cells while an embryonic phenotype is maintained (i.e., proliferation and myofilament isoforms). Next, consistent with developmental progression and the initiation of epicardial-to- mesenchymal transition (EMT), epicardial-derived fibroblasts were added to the EHTs containing epicardial cells. Interestingly, we observed significant myofilament maturation and increased force generation by more than an order of magnitude. Taken together, our results support the importance of mimicking developmental progression to slowly taper proliferation while gradually driving the maturation of hiPSC-CM to achieve robust in vitro function at the cell and tissue scale.