bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SWOG/NCI Phase II Dual Anti–CTLA-4/PD-1 Blockade in Rare Tumors: Nonepithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chae Young Kwang , Othus Megan , Patel Sandip Pravin , Wilkinson Kelly J. , Whitman-Purves Emily M. , Lea Jayanthi , Schallenkamp John M. , Adra Nabil , Appleman Leonard J. , Alden Mitchell , Thomes Pepin Jessica , Ellerton John A. , Poklepovic Andrew , Walter Adam , Rampurwala Murtuza M. , Robinson William R. , Kim Hye Sung , Chung Liam Il-Young , McLeod Christine M. , Lopez Gabby , Chen Helen X. , Sharon Elad , Streicher Howard , Ryan Christopher W. , Blanke Charles D. , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

The role of dual checkpoint inhibition (ipilimumab at 1 mg/kg intravenously every 6 weeks and nivolumab at 240 mg intravenously every 2 weeks) in advanced rare/ultrarare nonepithelial ovarian cancers is yet to be explored.

Patients and Methods:

Dual anti–CTLA-4 and anti–PD-1 blockade in rare tumor is a prospective, multicenter (1,016 US sites), multicohort, single-arm phase II trial conducted through the Early Therapeutics and Rare Cancer SWOG/NCI Committee, assessing ipilimumab (anti–CTLA-4; 1 mg/kg every 6 weeks) and nivolumab (anti–PD-1; 240 mg every 2 weeks) in adults with advanced nonepithelial ovarian cancers who lack beneficial standard therapy. The primary outcome was overall response rate [ORR; complete response (CR)/partial response (PR)]; secondary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, clinical benefit rate [stable disease (SD) ≥6 months plus ORR], and toxicity.

Results:

Seventeen patients (median age: 64; number of prior therapies ranged from 0 to 8 with no immunotherapy exposure; eight granulosa, six carcinosarcomas, one Sertoli–Leydig, one yolk sac, and one Wolffian) were evaluated. In granulosa cell tumors, ORR was 25% (n = 2/8; one CR and one PR) and clinical benefit rate was 50% (n = 4/8); PFS was 58.3 (CR), 50.7+ (PR), 30.4 (SD), and 8.7 (SD) months. Median PFS was 3.5 months [95% confidence interval, 1.7–11.2 months]; median overall survival was 42.5 months (95% confidence interval, 10.1 months–not reached). One Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor showed a 22% regression (PFS, 11.2 months). Carcinosarcomas had no response. Three participants (18%) discontinued treatment due to grade 3 to grade 4 adverse events.

Conclusions:

Ipilimumab–nivolumab shows activity in treatment-refractory granulosa cell tumors, with 25% (n = 2/8) of patients experiencing either CR or PR lasting more than 4 years.
A Novel Lipid Nanoparticle NBF-006 Encapsulating Glutathione S-Transferase P siRNA for the Treatment of KRAS-Driven Non–small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Cina Cima , Majeti Bharat , O’Brien Zhihong , Wang Li , Clamme Jean Pierre , Adami Roger , Tsang Kwok Yin , Harborth Jens , Ying Wenbin , Zabludoff Sonya
Published: October 2024

Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancers, and KRAS mutations occur in 25% to 30% of NSCLC. Our approach to developing a therapeutic with the potential to target KRAS-mutant NSCLC was to identify a new target involved in modulating signaling proteins in the RAS pathway. Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP), known as a phase II detoxification enzyme, has more recently been identified as a modulator of MAPK-related cell signaling pathways. Therefore, developing a GSTP siRNA may be an effective therapeutic approach to treat KRAS-mutant NSCLC. The lead drug product candidate (NBF-006) is a proprietary siRNA-based lipid nanoparticle comprising GSTP siRNA (NDT-05-1040). Here, studies using a panel of KRAS-mutant NSCLC cell lines demonstrated that NDT-05-1040 is a very potent and selective GSTP siRNA inhibitor. Our Western blot analysis showed that NDT-05-1040 effectively decreased the phosphorylation of MAPK and PI3K pathway components while upregulating apoptotic signaling cascade. Our in vivo studies revealed statistically significant higher distribution of NBF-006 to the lungs and tumor as compared with the liver. In the subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models, NBF-006 led to a statistically significant and dose-dependent antitumor growth inhibition. Furthermore, quantitative image analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and PARP staining showed that NBF-006 decreased proliferation and induced apoptosis, respectively, in tumors. Additionally, in a surgically implanted orthotopic lung tumor model, the survival rate of the NBF-006 treatment group was significantly prolonged (P < 0.005) as compared with the vehicle control group. Together, these preclinical studies supported advancement of NBF-006 into clinical studies.
Pathogenesis and Systemic Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Status and Prospects
Authors: Lei Wanting , Zhou Kexun , Lei Ye , Li Qiu , Zhu Hong
Published: October 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the major threats to human health worldwide. The emergence of systemic therapeutic options has greatly improved the prognosis of patients with HCC, particularly those with advanced stages of the disease. In this review, we discussed the pathogenesis of HCC, genetic alterations associated with the development of HCC, and alterations in the tumor immune microenvironment. Then, important indicators and emerging technologies related to the diagnosis of HCC are summarized. Also, we reviewed the major advances in treatments for HCC, offering insights into future prospects for next-generation managements.
N-Linked Fucosylated Glycans Are Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer with a Neuroendocrine and Metastatic Phenotype
Authors: Ippolito Joseph E. , Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Nakhoul Hani , Sehn Jennifer K. , Weimholt Cody , Grimsley Grace , Nunez Elena , Trikalinos Nikolaos A. , Chatterjee Deyali , Kim Eric H. , Mehta Anand S. , Angel Peggi M. , Troyer Dean A. , Leach Robin J. , Corey Eva , Wu Jennifer D. , Drake Richard R.
Published: October 2024

Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a spectrum of pathology and outcomes ranging from indolent to lethal. Although there have been recent advancements in prognostic tissue biomarkers, limitations still exist. We leveraged matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging of formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded prostate cancer specimens to determine if N-linked glycans expressed in the extracellular matrix of lethal neuroendocrine prostate cancer were also expressed in conventional prostate adenocarcinomas that were associated with poor outcomes. We found that N-glycan fucosylation was abundant in neuroendocrine prostate cancer as well as adenocarcinomas at the time of prostatectomy that eventually developed recurrent metastatic disease. Analysis of patient-derived xenografts revealed that this fucosylation signature was enriched differently across metastatic disease organ sites, with the highest abundance in liver metastases. These data suggest that N-linked fucosylated glycans could be an early tissue biomarker for poor prostate cancer outcomes.

Implications: These studies identify that hyper-fucosylated N-linked glycans are enriched in neuroendocrine prostate cancer and conventional prostate adenocarcinomas that progress to metastatic disease, thus advancing biomarker discovery and providing insights into mechanisms underlying metastatic disease.
Development and Pilot Testing of Evidence-Based Interventions to Improve Adherence after Receiving a Genetic Result
Authors: Baker Anna May , Goehringer Jessica , Woltz Makenzie , Romagnoli Katrina M. , Campbell-Salome Gemme , Sturm Amy C. , Buchanan Adam H. , Williams Marc S. , Kulchak Rahm Alanna
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Previous research indicates that population genomic screening can benefit individuals who act on the genetic results. However, there remains a significant gap between individuals receiving genetic information and acting on current risk management recommendations, prompting exploration of interventions to close this gap. This study aimed to determine the feasibility and acceptability and conduct a pilot implementation of existing evidence-based interventions (EBIs) for adherence to disease management for select genetic conditions among individuals ascertained through a population genomic screening program. Methods: Surveys of and interviews with individuals who received a genomic screening result were conducted to assess barriers to guideline-recommended care and assess the acceptability of problem-solving (PS) and motivational interviewing (MI) EBIs to facilitate adherence to recommendations. A design thinking workshop was conducted with clinicians to co-develop an MI- and PS-based intervention that would fit with current workflows to be piloted. Post-pilot engagement sessions with implementers determined acceptability and feasibility of the MI/PS pilot program for clinical implementation and elicited proposed adaptations for improvement. Results: PS and MI EBIs were reported to be acceptable and feasible to individuals with a result, and barriers to performing recommended management were identified. The pilot program included outreach by genetic counselors to individuals with a result, review of a checklist of barriers, and delivery of PS or MI as appropriate to facilitate care. The protocol as piloted was deemed acceptable and feasible for clinicians to deliver, with adaptations suggested. Conclusion: These results will inform an effectiveness trial to address gaps in adherence in patients who have received actionable genomic results.
Comparing Cost and Acceptability of Two Instruments to Measure Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Older People in Chile
Authors: Villalobos Dintrans Pablo , Echeverría Antonia , Inzunza Constanza
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Population aging and increasing long-term care needs call for designing and implementing better tools for assessing functional ability. In Chile, the Lawton and Brody (L&B) scale is used for identifying limitations with instrumental activities. This study compared the costs and acceptability of the L&B with a new instrument to measure instrumental activities of daily living (IADL): the Instrument for the Assessment of Functionality Stages (Instrumento de Evaluación de Estadios de Funcionalidad; IDEEF). Methods: Phone surveys were carried out to apply the L&B and the IDEEF to a sample of 200 older people (60+) participating in public programs for older people in the Metropolitan Region, Chile. Besides the items assessed by each scale, the survey captured completion times and included a short questionnaire on acceptability, data that allowed comparisons between instruments. Results: On average, the L&B takes around 4 min to be applied; the completion times for the IDEEF are 4 times longer. However, the IDEEF performs better in terms of acceptability and has neither gender bias nor dependency bias. Conclusion: Both instruments have pros and cons, but the IDEEF appears as a feasible alternative to the L&B to improve the assessment of IADL in the country.
Associations between Chest Pain, Diagnosis, and Clinical Outcome in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Dyspnea: Data from the ACE 2 Study
Authors: Bhatnagar Rahul , Berge Kristian , Høiseth Arne Didrik , Omland Torbjørn , Lyngbakken Magnus Nakrem , Røsjø Helge
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Patients hospitalized due to dyspnea sometimes also report concomitant chest pain. Whether co-existing chest pain in patients with acute dyspnea associates with specific diagnosis and clinical outcome is not known. Method: We included 313 patients admitted to Akershus University Hospital with acute dyspnea and asked the patients directly on hospital admission whether they had experienced chest pain during the last 24 h. We examined the associations between chest pain and (1) diagnosis of the index hospitalization and (2) clinical outcome during follow-up. The diagnosis for the index hospitalization was adjudicated as acute heart failure (HF) or non-HF etiology of acute dyspnea by two experts working independently. Non-HF patients were further sub-grouped into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or non-COPD etiology. Results: In total, 143 patients were admitted with acute HF (46% of the population), 83 patients with COPD (26% of the population), and 87 patients with non-HF, non-COPD-related dyspnea (28% of the population). Ninety-six patients (31%) with acute dyspnea reported chest pain during the last 24 h prior to hospital admission. The prevalence of chest pain was not statistically different for patients who were hospitalized with acute HF (n = 42, 44%), acute exacerbation of COPD (n = 22, 23%), or non-HF, non-COPD-related dyspnea (n = 32, 33%), p > 0.05 for all comparisons between groups. During median of 823 days follow-up, 114 patients died (36%). Patients with dyspnea and concomitant chest pain did not have different outcome compared to patients with dyspnea and no chest pain (log-rank test: p = 0.09). Chest pain prior to admission was neither associated with all-cause mortality in any of the adjudicated diagnosis groups. Conclusions: Chest pain was reported in 31% of patients hospitalized with acute dyspnea but the prevalence did not differ according to adjudicated diagnosis. Patients with dyspnea and chest pain did not have worse outcome compared to patients with dyspnea and no chest pain.
Enhancing flexural resistance in hot mix asphalt: a study of effects of wire mesh on load-bearing capacity
Authors: Ismy Romaynoor , Suhaimi Suhaimi , Kurnia Raden Dedi Iman , Mareno Richard
Published: October 2024

In transportation engineering, road pavement is commonly categorized as either flexible pavement or rigid pavement. The pavement demonstrates a distinct capacity to endure a variety of loads, including compressive and tensile loads. The capacity to endure compressive and tensile forces is extremely important, especially in the field of pavement construction, as it ensures both the longevity and the safety of the pavement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of hot mix asphalt to endure compressive and tensile pressures. The experimental methodology employed four different wire mesh deployment configurations on hot asphalt mixtures, utilizing three-point flexural test equipment. The data indicates the most effective method for mimicking hot mix asphalt involves adding a wire mesh layer at a depth of 30 mm below the surface of the experimental specimen. The particular modeling method showed a measurement of flexural resistance up to 291.85 kN. The study's findings indicate that the hot asphalt mixture exhibits a state of balance in its capacity to endure both compressive and tensile pressures. Incorporating a wire mesh layer within the middle section of the hot asphalt mixture has been perceived to enhance its ability to withstand tensile loads, hence improving its overall performance.
A review of the literature on "determinants of insurers' capital structure"
Authors: Alsofiani Ashwag , Md Husin Maizaitulaidawati
Published: October 2024

Capital structure plays an essential role in the financial decision-making of a company by strengthening financial performance and worth. This research aims to provide a literature review to identify the factors that affect insurance companies’ capital structure. The paper focuses on articles published from 2010 to 2021 on insurance companies’ capital structure in developing countries were reviewed. Three theories were identified as having common determinants: trade-off, pecking order, and agency cost. These independent determinants include seven firm-specific determinants: company size, age, profitability, growth, liquidity, tangibility, and risk along with two macroeconomic determinants: economic growth and inflation rate. The research found that the leverage ratio is the primary measurement of capital structure used as a dependent variable. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that the static data model was the most appropriate framework in most research. This research provides future researchers with information on understanding the determinants of capital structure in the insurance field.
Water quality assessment of groundwater resources in rural areas of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Panjwani Suresh Kumar , Khuhawar Muhammad Yar , Murtaza Ghulam , Kumar Vinod , Bughio Zohaib ur Rehman , Devi Paryanka , Sewani Indra Devi
Published: October 2024

The quality of drinking water directly controls many diseases and affects the growth of the human body. The provision of quality water is a major concern around the world, especially for developing countries that have poor environmental rules, insufficient water supply, and poor drainage systems. Considering these issues, this research was undertaken to assess drinking water quality in the rural areas surrounding Karachi, Pakistan. Samples were collected in the monitoring of the Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) and tested for physicochemical and bacteriological parameters (PCB) using geographical information system (GIS). Further, the results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) standards for human consumption. An analysis of 35 drinking water samples revealed that 14% exceeded the permissible ranges for physical parameters. Moreover, 60% of the samples were deemed unsafe for consumption as the levels of inorganic substances surpassed permissible ranges outlined by WHO. All water samples contained coliform bacteria, making them unsafe, and 46% were contaminated with E. coli, highlighting the urgent need for improved sanitation and water treatment infrastructure in the area.
Potentiometric field-effect transistor pH sensing in a low-power wide-area network
Authors: Zulhakim Akmal Mustaffa , Abdullah Wan Fazlida Hanim , Bakar Ahmad Zaki Abu , Mamat Robaiah , Halim Ili Shairah Abdul , Muslan Muhammad Izzat Alif , Herman Sukreen Hana
Published: October 2024

This research paper explores the application of extended-gate field-effect transistors (EGFET) as a potentiometric sensing method for pH detection within an internet of things (IoT) system. The pH EGFET sensor is integrated with a long-range (LoRa) microcontroller, enabling data transmission via a low-power, long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN) IoT framework to a dedicated IoT application server. The framework utilizes a message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) broker, employing a publish/subscribe message architecture for efficient data transmission. The study focuses on addressing the problem of determining whether EGFET technology can provide precise and dependable measurements in various settings. To achieve this, the data from the IoT framework is compared with data signals from a semiconductor parametric analyzer and a readout interfacing circuit serial data acquisition (DAQ). From the study, EGFET sensors provide a sensitivity of 61.1 mV/pH with a linearity of 0.9968 through the IoT method. Meanwhile, non-IoT methods yield slightly different sensitivities of 53.1 and 50.5 mV/pH with comparable linearity of 0.9984 and 0.9979. Overall, the research demonstrates the versatility of EGFET technology, highlighting its effective use in various sensing instruments, while ensuring reliable data transfer through the LoRaWAN framework.
Characteristic of black soy miso with crude bromelain and Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Setiani Bhakti Etza , Pramono Yoyok Budi , Nurwantoro Nurwantoro , Dwiloka Bambang , Arini Annisa Shafa Putri , Ramadhaningrum Ilma Muliasari , Sudjono Elisabeth Febriane Lovita
Published: October 2024

This research aims to improve the diversity of functional foods rich in bioactive peptide components and have a unique flavor for black soybean miso through the addition of crude bromelain and Lactobacillus plantarum. This research uses a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 repetitions to obtain a total of 20 experimental units. The treatments are the different concentrations of crude bromelain addition, namely the control treatment or 0% (T0), 3% (T1), 6% (T2), 9% (T3), and 12 % (T4). The parameters observed are water content, water activity, pH value, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) viability. The result showed that an increase in the crude bromelain concentration may increase the water content and water activity of the black soybean miso, while the pH value decreases. Based on the viability of the LAB showed a wavering result. Miso with the 9% concentration of crude bromelain is the best result among the others.
Quantum computing impact of cybersecurity identity verification measures on WhatsApp resilient infrastructure
Authors: Soon JosephNg Poh , Preeta Nair , Praveen Kumar , Yew Kok Peng , Yuen Phan Koo
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the impact and implications of implementing cybersecurity identity verification on the popular instant messaging platform, WhatsApp. Specifically, it focuses on the effects of such a measure on resilient infrastructure, user perceptions of the platform's branding and trustworthiness, and the cost-effectiveness of this approach in preventing scams, phishing, fraud, and cybercrime. Empirical data collected from a diverse group of WhatsApp users highlight that the introduction of identity verification could potentially enhance transaction efficiency, foster trust, and boost user satisfaction, particularly regarding the platform's security. However, the cost and complexity of implementation pose significant challenges. Despite these hurdles, most users perceive the potential benefits to outweigh the associated costs, pointing to a broad acceptance of such security measures. The study provides practical and theoretical contributions, offering valuable insights for managers and decision-makers at WhatsApp, as well as contributing to academic discussions on digital platform management and security. The research also underscores the societal implications of such a measure, suggesting an increase in trust in digital communication platforms and supporting safer financial transactions on social media. The integration of identity verification on WhatsApp being a responsive institution emerges as a valuable but complex endeavor, demanding careful planning to ensure maximum value creation for all stakeholders.
User perceptions of artificial intelligence powered phishing attacks on Facebook's resilient infrastructure
Authors: Soon JosephNg Poh , Chan Rou Qian , Lee Qian Hui , Loke Dick En , Chun Stevenson Ling Heng , Yuen Phan Koo
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on examining the user perceptions of a cybersecurity certificate transparency (CT) monitoring tool in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) powered phishing attacks on the Facebook platform. Implementing CT monitoring tools is one strategy for preventing these attacks. It reveals a significant level of concern among respondents regarding the potential risks associated with phishing attacks, indicating a growing awareness of the severity of such threats for future resilient infrastructure development. Users' knowledge and understanding of AI-driven phishing threats were found to vary, emphasizing the need for awareness campaigns towards sustainable development education. The study also highlights varying levels of confidence among users in effectively identifying and thwarting phishing efforts, suggesting the importance of user empowerment through improved training, tools, and technologies as responsive institutions. These findings underscore the significance of addressing user concerns, enhancing security awareness, and providing users with the necessary resources to protect themselves against sophisticated phishing attacks. The research contributes to the understanding of user perceptions and lays the groundwork for further improvements in security measures and user education in the fight against phishing threats on Facebook's inclusive growth.
Application of K-means clustering and B-value algorithms for analysis of earthquake-dangerous zones in Java Island
Authors: Anggarajati Bentang , Yatini Y , Raharjo Wiji
Published: October 2024

Java Island is an island with a high earthquake vulnerability. Therefore, earthquake mitigation measures are needed to reduce the impact of earthquakes. Earthquake mitigation is done by knowing the zones with a high risk of earthquakes and high levels of rock stress. The methods used to map earthquake-prone zones are K-means clustering and B-value. The K-means clustering method can provide earthquake clusters based on their characteristics and the B-value can produce rock stress conditions in the area. The results of this study are that the K-means clustering method produces 7 earthquake clusters with 5 classifications of very low, low, medium, high, and very high. In contrast, the B-value process has a high B-value with a value of 1.2-1.5 in West Java and a low B-value with a value of 0.9-1.2 in the central to the eastern part of Java.
Review on electrical submersible pump failures detection and monitoring system
Authors: Mohamad Sharifah Nur Fatieha , Afrizal Nurafnida , Daud Muhammad Zalani , Awal Md Rabiul
Published: October 2024

An artificial lift is a technique for pumping fluids in the petroleum industry today. Most artificial lift that is used nowadays is an electrical submersible pump (ESP). ESP is very convenient and reliable for lifting production. It applies under offshore and onshore industries, where it has high displacement capacity and flexibility to handle various sizes and flow rates under different well conditions. Due to severe operating conditions, ESP may experience fatigue failure, an undesirable malfunction resulting in a shortened service life. Early failure detection on ESP is imperative to prevent a major failure in the pump and reduce the cost of the damage. This study provides an in-depth examination of condition monitoring and early failure detection, with a focus on mechanical and electrical failures. This paper begins with a description of the ESP working principle followed by an analysis of ESP fault and numerous ESP performance monitoring techniques, including the application of early detection. Finally, the authors summarize ESP’s failures, including detection methods for each failure. Besides, recommendations for future research to increase ESP’s lifetime are also discussed. This review revealed that the lifetime of existing ESP can be extended if extensive monitoring of ESP conditions and advanced fault detection methods are applied.
Enhancing energy efficiency with poncebloc and hemp wool: a Moroccan case study
Authors: Boukioud Yasser , Senhaji Rhazi Kaoutar , Mejdoub Youssef
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the building sector's energy consumption in Morocco has been steadily increasing, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable building practices. Optimizing building parameters and the development of new insulation materials have become critical areas of research due to the significant energy losses associated with traditional insulation materials. Insulation materials can be a simple and cost-effective way to improve building energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Unfortunately, not all of these materials exhibit favorable thermal characteristics such as conductivity or heat capacity. Some involve complex production processes, while others are prohibitively expensive or toxic. At this juncture, the strategy of integrating ecological materials with insulation materials to enhance thermal performance holds considerable promise. This paper investigates the impact of the integration of poncebloc and hemp wool in inside temperature and annual consumption of a building construction numerically under a transient simulation program (TRNSYS). The results show that by using these two materials along with double-glazed windows, energy savings ranging from 50-55% can be achieved.
Real-time smoke and fire detection using you only look once v8-based advanced computer vision and deep learning
Authors: Rahman Shakila , Jamee Syed muhammad Hasnat , Rafi Jakaria Khan , Juthi Jafrin Sultana , Sajib Abdul Aziz , Uddin Jia
Published: October 2024

Fire and smoke pose severe threats, causing damage to property and the environment and endangering lives. Traditional fire detection methods struggle with accuracy and speed, hindering real-time detection. Thus, this study introduces an improved fire and smoke detection approach utilizing the you only look once (YOLO)v8-based deep learning model. This work aims to enhance accuracy and speed, which are crucial for early fire detection. The methodology involves preprocessing a large dataset containing 5,700 images depicting fire and smoke scenarios. YOLOv8 has been trained and validated, outperforming some baseline models- YOLOv7, YOLOv5, ResNet-32, and MobileNet-v2 in the precision, recall, and mean average precision (mAP) metrics. The proposed method achieves 68.3% precision, 54.6% recall, 60.7% F1 score, and 57.3% mAP. Integrating YOLOv8 in fire and smoke detection systems can significantly improve response times, enhance the ability to mitigate fire outbreaks, and potentially save lives and property. This research advances fire detection systems and establishes a precedent for applying deep learning techniques to critical safety applications, pushing the boundaries of innovation in public safety.
“O romance vendeu a sua alma”: dimensões estética e histórica na crítica de Antonio Candido
Authors: Arantes Daniel Essenine Takamatsu
Published: October 2024

Este estudo pretende situar brevemente a maneira pela qual o romance se configurou como um dos núcleos de interesse do conjunto de artigos assinados por Antonio Candido na revista Clima e no jornal Folha da Manhã, publicados entre 1941 e 1944. A partir da categoria de análise definida pelo próprio Candido como descrição crítica, o trabalho procurou apresentar o encadeamento de problemas e reflexões a respeito do gênero construídos nos artigos, sobretudo em “O romance vendeu a sua alma”, “O romance e o Don Juan” e “Esclarecendo”, para então descrever como dimensão estética e dimensão histórica se articulam na crítica do autor durante esse período.
A “Fuga da morte” de Paul Celan em análise
Authors: Santos Rafael Rocca dos
Published: October 2024

Paul Celan é reconhecido como um dos autores sobreviventes mais influentes na literatura de expressão alemã. Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de tradução objetiva e leitura e análise do poema “Fuga da Morte”, relacionando-o ao tema do Holocausto judeu perpetrado pelo regime totalitário nacional-socialista da Alemanha. Pretende-se uma leitura linear que indique os principais temas e as principais imagens utilizadas no texto, relacionando-os à forma e ao conteúdo poético escritos por Celan.
Expanding and Democratizing Knowledge: Participatory Citizen Science as a Research Strategy for Empirical Theology
Authors: Müller Sabrina , Knapp Aline , Todjeras Patrick , Merian Katharina
Published: October 2024

(Participatory) citizen science is a research strategy that is strongly promoted by various research institutes throughout continental Europe. The basic idea behind this approach is to include citizens in the research process with the aim of more closely interrelating science and daily life, while increasing the impact of scientific findings on individuals and communities. With that said, participatory citizen science has rarely been used in the field of empirical theology. To demonstrate the potential of its use in this field, this article provides a critical introduction to participatory citizen science as a research strategy and offers insights from a research project in which a religious app was analyzed in collaboration with citizens using a qualitative paradigm.
Investment Climate in the MENA Region: Are the Stabilisation Clauses in Foreign Direct Investment Agreements an Obstacle to Progress?
Authors: Alqarni Abdulmajeed Abdullah
Published: October 2024

Foreign direct investment agreements between Western corporations and the countries of the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) deserve attention. On one side, the MENA region is a developing region rich in natural resources and therefore a destination interesting to Western investors. On the other, the MENA region is perceived as a volatile and unstable investment environment. Therefore, international investment agreements in the said region often include stabilisation clauses that serve as contractual mechanisms protecting investors from any changes in the laws and acts of nationalisation and expropriation by the host states. As stabilisation clauses have serious adverse effects on the sovereignty of the host states and the development of human rights, this article will take a deeper view of the stabilisation practice and aim to reveal how this contractual mechanism might represent a Catch 22 with respect to the further development of the MENA region countries, especially with respect to human rights and internal governance.
On Scrolls, the Visual, and Visuality in Jewish Art
Authors: Rodov Ilia
Published: October 2024

This article investigates the images of paired scrolling patterns recurring in the design of Jewish ritual spaces and objects. It explores a facet of non-narrative visual expression within Jewish visual culture. The chronologically and geographically disconnected depictions of similar paired scrolled patterns on Jewish artifacts exemplify the process of creating and recreating symbolic meanings based on the mimetic qualities of an image. In their various renditions and contexts, volutes in their resemblance to growing plant branches enacted visual references to the vital powers of nature as a promise for resurrection and a metaphor for the vitality of Judaism and the Mosaic law. The Jewish manifestations of symbolic scrolls emerged in surroundings that maintained classical architectural vocabulary containing volutes and shared the Christian topos of the flourishing cross visualized in its arboreal or vegetative renditions. This very act of construing of a non-narrative visual sign of a couple of spirals aims at reaffirming visual evidence as a meaningful source in its own right.
The Collective Unconscious of Rome and India
Authors: Mudra Rakshasa-Loots Arish
Published: October 2024

Ovid’s Metamorphoses has long served as a window into Greco-Roman culture and mythology. However, the ways in which the Metamorphoses may be shaped by, and in turn shape, the interactions between myths and cultures beyond the Greco-Roman world are underexplored. The Ramayan, a seminal South Asian mythological text, has received less attention in scholarship in the Global North, in part due to the overwhelming focus on the Greco-Roman canon. This article highlights stark narrative parallels between the abduction of Proserpina in the Metamorphoses and the abduction of Sita in the Ramayan. Given that these texts are genetically and geographically distinct, tracing the origin of these parallels remains challenging. Here, I leverage a Jungian analytical framework to propose that “narrative archetypes”—collections of images stored in the collective unconscious which manifest in myths across cultures—may explain why episodic details are conserved between the Metamorphoses and the Ramayan.
Verbal Noun Formation in Mehri
Authors: Kungl Anton
Published: October 2024

Verbal Nouns are a basic category of the nominal systems of many Semitic languages. In the case of the Modern South Arabian languages, little research has been conducted, and most previous studies do not or only very briefly mention verbal nouns. This paper attempts to partially close this gap by presenting a descriptive account of verbal noun formation in Mehri, on the basis of the data in previous glossaries, dictionaries and text collections. In addition, sporadic data from other MSAL, mainly Jibbali and Soqotri will be incorporated, and references to verbal noun formation in other Semitic languages will be given. Furthermore, the published accounts should be ideally supplemented by own fieldwork. After a basic introduction to the subject, the main part of the study concerns the most prominently attested VN patterns across various stems. While for the G-stems only broad tendencies can be postulated, it shall be shown that in the case of the derived stems, VN formation adheres to regular principles, not unknown from other Semitic languages, such as the Maṣdar forms of derived stems in Arabic. The third part of the paper will be dedicated to the discussion of remaining problems, such as the vowel quality of the suffix of the verbal nouns of many derived stems. Thus, this paper shall not just contribute to the study and description of Mehri, but also provide a stepping stone for the description of verbal nouns in other Modern South Arabian languages.
Gathering Validity Evidence for a Simulation-Based Test of Otoscopy Skills
Authors: von Buchwald Josefine Hastrup , Frendø Martin , Frithioff Andreas , Britze Anders , Frederiksen Thomas Winther , Melchiors Jacob , Andersen Steven Arild Wuyts
Published: October 2024

Objective:

Otoscopy is a key clinical examination used by multiple healthcare providers but training and testing of otoscopy skills remain largely uninvestigated. Simulator-based assessment of otoscopy skills exists, but evidence on its validity is scarce. In this study, we explored automated assessment and performance metrics of an otoscopy simulator through collection of validity evidence according to Messick’s framework.

Methods:

Novices and experienced otoscopists completed a test program on the Earsi otoscopy simulator. Automated assessment of diagnostic ability and performance were compared with manual ratings of technical skills. Reliability of assessment was evaluated using Generalizability theory. Linear mixed models and correlation analysis were used to compare automated and manual assessments. Finally, we used the contrasting groups method to define a pass/fail level for the automated score.

Results:

A total of 12 novices and 12 experienced otoscopists completed the study. We found an overall G-coefficient of .69 for automated assessment. The experienced otoscopists achieved a significantly higher mean automated score than the novices (59.9% (95% CI [57.3%-62.6%]) vs. 44.6% (95% CI [41.9%-47.2%]), P < .001). For the manual assessment of technical skills, there was no significant difference, nor did the automated score correlate with the manually rated score (Pearson’s r = .20, P = .601). We established a pass/fail standard for the simulator’s automated score of 49.3%.

Conclusion:

We explored validity evidence supporting an otoscopy simulator’s automated score, demonstrating that this score mainly reflects cognitive skills. Manual assessment therefore still seems necessary at this point and external video-recording is necessary for valid assessment. To improve the reliability, the test course should include more cases to achieve a higher G-coefficient and a higher pass/fail standard should be used.
Examining the Impact of Empathy on the Recidivism of Serious Juvenile Offenders
Authors: Craig Jessica M. , Trulson Chad R.
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the relationship between empathy and felony recidivism among juvenile offenders, with a focus on sex differences. Utilizing a sample of 4,372 incarcerated juveniles, we analyzed four empathy measures derived from the PACT assessment. Our findings revealed that male violent offenders exhibited higher levels of empathy and responsibility acceptance compared to their female counterparts. Notably, male sex offenders who respected authority demonstrated significantly lower recidivism rates, while female violent offenders who respected others’ property were also less likely to recidivate. No other empathy measures were related to male or female recidivism. These results enhance our understanding of empathy’s role in juvenile recidivism, offering valuable implications for research and practice in the juvenile justice system.
Middle-aged Central American men’s perceptions of a healthy body weight, excess body weight and its relationship to chronic disease: Qualitative findings
Authors: Charter-Harris Jasmine , Cheney Marshall K , Visek Amanda J , Griffith Derek M , Robien Kim , Rivera Ivonne , Lora Karina R
Published: October 2024

Objective:

To explore Central American men’s perceptions of healthy body weight, factors that influence weight gain and increase awareness of being overweight/obese, consequences of excess weight gain and gender similarities and differences in body weight.

Design:

In-depth, qualitative interviews were conducted with low-income, overweight or obese Central American men residing in the USA ( n = 25).

Setting:

Semi-structured, individual interviews (via Zoom or phone call) were conducted in Washington, DC in 2020–2021.

Methods:

Participants discussed their thoughts on the meaning of healthy weight; the role that weight management plays in the likelihood of getting diseases such as diabetes, cancer or hypertension; and whether having a healthy weight is different for men and women. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and analysed to identify themes using NVivo v12.

Results:

Participants were first-generation immigrants (mean age 50.9 ± 6.4) and had resided in the USA for 23.7 ± 10.2 years. They defined healthy weight as having the energy to carry on daily activities, not carrying extra body fat, being in good physical health, and having a balance between height and weight. Participants discussed having an unbalanced diet, not engaging in physical activity and getting older influenced weight gain. Factors that raised awareness of their weight gain included doctors’ advice and cognisance of their current body weight. Participants in the study discussed the connection between weight status and some chronic diseases (i.e. cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and SARS-CoV-2 virus infection); cancer was the least discussed. Participants discussed that both men and women should have a healthy weight and contributing factors to why men weigh more than women.

Conclusion:

Health promotion interventions for Central American immigrant men should consider framing weight management as a means to continue fulfilling important social and cultural roles and responsibilities. Future research should examine Central American men’s perceptions of weight management as part of cancer prevention.
Multidimensional Poverty and Quality of Governance in Indian States
Authors: Roy Amrita
Published: October 2024

This study analyses the role of the quality of governance in poverty reduction while looking at the experiences of different states in India in terms of multidimensional poverty over the period 2001–2016. Controlling for the average income of the state and other state-specific factors, the study finds that the quality of governance is statistically significant in all the estimated equations. Our results clearly indicate that better-performing states with respect to governance have also performed better in terms of poverty reduction. The relationship between the quality of governance and poverty incidence remains significant even when we consider different dimensions of deprivation. This study contributes to the scant literature addressing the question of the importance of quality governance to reduce poverty.

JEL Codes: O10, O150, O170
Threads of Connection: Tracing India’s Textile Influence in Africa Over Time
Authors: Karmwar Manish , Thakran Komal
Published: October 2024

The textile trade between Africa and India dates back to ancient times and is rooted in India’s rich heritage of textile production. India has been a significant player in African textile markets since 3000 BCE. The recognition of indigo-dyed clothes as “nīla” traced back from wrapped mummies in Egypt nearly into archaeological excavations at sites like Ingombe-Ilede in Zambia during the 14th to 15th centuries and was renowned for its superior quality as addressed by several Arab travelers. In modern times iconic Indian textiles are known for their superior quality and dynamic designs and are identified as “Kanga,” “Kitenge,” “Bleeding Madras,” and more. This research aims to find the cross-cultural connectivity through textiles by understanding the pattern from manufacturing to exports from ancient to contemporary times. Methodologically this research relies on a combination of primary sources including travel diaries, collective data gathered from colonial records, and reinterpretations of historical works alongside contemporary scholarly literature. The findings reveal the hold of Indian textiles over African markets since ancient times and the challenges faced by Indian traders in contemporary times. This study contributes to existing knowledge by giving comprehensive information about textile complexities of spinning, weaving, dyeing, and printing techniques, which have been preserved through centuries, especially for African markets. This research aims to offer valuable insights into conservation policies and practices that are crucial for safeguarding the identity of Indian textiles within an African context.
Neuropsychophysiological Aspects of Soccer Performance: A Bibliometric Analysis and Narrative Review
Authors: Plakias Spyridon , Karakitsiou Georgia
Published: October 2024

In recent years, there has been growing scientific interest in the neuropsychophysiological aspects of soccer performance. The purpose of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis to identify and review key topics within the neuropsychophysiological dimensions of soccer performance and identify any research voids that warrant further attention. We retrieved 192 documents from the Scopus database and anayzed the extracted data using VOSviewer software to conduct a bibliometric analysis. We applied both performance analysis techniques (including the number of documents per year, top 20 authors by citations, and top 15 sources by documents) and science mapping analysis (co-authorship, bibliographic coupling, co-citation, and co-occurrence). The co-occurrence analysis identified three main clusters of research themes. The first cluster focused on the relationship between physical performance and cognitive factors, the second on technical-tactical performance, and the third on health and well-being. Our findings emphasize the significant role of neuropsychophysiological factors in all aspects of soccer performance. We highlight the importance of integrating cognitive and physical training to enhance player performance and underscore the need for further research to deepen our understanding of these relationships.
Psychometric Properties and Measurement Equivalence of the Workplace Incivility Scale Across Cultures: Insights from Daily Diary Study
Authors: Iqbal Mujahid , Bibi Maryum , Yan Yu , Yuan Shuai , Mubarik Sumaira
Published: October 2024

Despite extensive research on workplace incivility, little attention has been given to its validation in culturally distinct contexts such as China and Pakistan. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the psychometric properties of the workplace incivility scale within these cultural frameworks. Additionally, it seeks to explore the cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the workplace incivility scale between these two diverse settings using a daily diary study design. The sample consisted of employees from service-providing organizations in China and Pakistan. Data was collected through snowball sampling, resulting in responses from 100 Chinese and 115 Pakistani employees over 10 consecutive workdays. Analysis of the daily responses, encompassing 748 from Chinese and 833 from Pakistani workers, indicated successful validation of the scale within both populations. This demonstrates the transferability of the concept of incivility to these cultural contexts. An integral aspect of this study is the consideration of potential cultural variations in workplace uncivil behavior. The validation and measurement equivalence of the scale for the core construct serves as essential infrastructure supporting such research endeavors.