bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statistical Modeling of the Large Open Economy of the U.S.
Authors: Simachova О. М.
Published: October 2018

The open economy phenomenon draws close attention of researchers in the era of global economy and trans-nationalization of international economic relations. Along with strong impact on international market and global interest rate, such economies are capable to have significant effects for global conjuncture and determine global factors of economic development.

Main sources of strength of the American economy are analyzed (rich natural and human resources, strong relations with permanent and reliable trade partners and neighboring countries, the largest financial system and the most reliable world currency). It is argued that large companies accounting for a major part of the total foreign direct investment of the U.S. are the fundament for the American economy and the main conduit of the country’s economic and political interests. Selected macroeconomic indicators of the U.S. are analyzed, to make economic diagnostics of the current performance of the American economy The statistical multifactor regression model built by the method of least squares is proposed. Results of the analysis demonstrate negative statistical impact of unemployment and increasing energy dependence on GDP by PPP, and positive statistical impact of household consumption on future development of the American economy

It is argued that given the difficult political and economic situation in Ukraine, scientists should examine best practices of leading countries of the world in issues of economic balancing and sources of economic growth, to elaborate reasonable recommendations with due consideration to national specifics. The American economy is a good example of market model operation in 21 century.
The Main Trends of the Internal Trade and Prospect Direction of Its Development in the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Korobkin A. Z. , Yakimik A. Ya.
Published: October 2018

In the proposed article brief assessment of current state of retail trade of the Republic of Belarus is carried out with the use of state statistical monitoring materials, as well as, tendencies and perspective directions of its development are defined.

Research starts with determination of internal trade development tendencies at the beginning of the 21st century under the conditions of world consumer market globalization, the main of which are state regulation growth of food safety and quality of goods; increasing role of trade in formation of manufactured goods assortment; further differentiation of trade forms; expansion of distribution channels by trade companies, including Internet trading; strengthening importance of innovation in trade; increasing role of trade as a factor of region's investment prospects.

Estimation of dynamics of retail trade volumes of the Republic of Belarus from 1990 till 2016 at current and comparable prices was made.

The main part of the article concentrates on study of current state of trade of the Republic of Belarus over recent years. Tendencies of actual change in its volumes are revealed, as well as, under the influence of price factor. Cost indicators of trade volumes are shown both in national currency of the Republic of Belarus and in US dollars for perception convenience of a foreign reader.

The article examines goods and organizational structure of trade volumes, structure of trade according to forms of ownership and volumes of trade organizations. Tendencies of domestic and imported goods sales, electronic trading development, as well as, sales with the use of bank cards have been identified.

Separate section of the article explores retail trade of consumer cooperatives, which is currently one of the most significant trading systems of the Republic of Belarus.

In addition, the article provides a brief state analysis of retail trade network and wholesale trade.

In conclusion of the article the main trends in development of internal trade of the Republic of Belarus are revealed, as well as, perspective directions of its development are determined, the main of which are growth of private property ratio in number of trade organizations of both retail and wholesale trade; in number of retail facilities and sales volumes; growth of retail sales in current prices and its decline in comparable prices; growth of sales share of food products in total sales volumes; increase of electronic trading and trade with the use of bank cards ratio; increase of ratio of employment in trade; improving of trading network typification and specialization; improving of assortment policy; further development of discounters; development of network trading in district centers and rural areas; growth of electronic trading volumes.
Rating Evaluation of Ecological Effects from the Operation of Agricultural Enterprises
Authors: Kobylynska Т. V.
Published: October 2018

Problems related with ecological effects of the operation of agricultural enterprises are analyzed. Statistical rating evaluation of regions from the perspective of ecological effects is made.

The ranks derived from the calculations range from 0 to 1, which enables to evaluate the condition of each Ukrainian region, a group of regions, and to derive the “average region” value by use of relative distance scales. The statistical data obtained from official statistical observations (absolute and relative data) and the results of the calculations do not include the temporary occupied territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol and a part of the antiterrorist operation area. The integral ecological estimate of the operation of agricultural enterprises is derived for each of 24 Ukrainian regions and for Ukraine as a whole (in the latter case the estimated value is 0.416).

The variation pattern of the integral estimate is analyzed; the two groups of the regions by ecological effects from the operation of agricultural enterprises are identified: the regions with ranks higher than the country average, and the regions with ranks lower than the country average.

The statistical-ecological rating evaluation of the regions is made by statistical indicators reflecting ecological effects from the agricultural production in Ukraine, statistical-ecological ranking of the regions is made, and the matrix of ecological ranks of the regions is built. The rating evaluation is made, enabling to determine the position of each region by ecological effects of the operation of agricultural enterprises. It is highlighted that indicators of land resources use is an essential criteria for evaluation of ecological effects from the operation of agricultural enterprise. Trends in the indicators of land resources use are shown.
Statistics and Economy of Fish Farming in Ukraine
Authors: Popova О. L.
Published: October 2018

Pisciculture of Ukraine, according to the head of the State Agency of Fisheries, is being reformed. At the same time, it is estimated that 60-70% of the fish industry is “in the shade”. Therefore, reliable information is needed, first of all - official statistics on the fish industry development in the country, which would be in line with European approaches. Being recognized as a separate area of economic activity to supply important food products for the population through their extraction from reservoirs, the fish industry should be represented by official statistics in the range of indicators provided for agricultural products. The purpose of the article is to reveal the results of the analysis of existing statistics on the extraction of water bioresources, with an accent on problem aspects, as well as developing proposals for improving the economic bloc of domestic statistics in this economic activity area.

On the basis of the analysis of the available official statistic on the extraction of aquatic biological resources, including aquaculture, the problematic aspects of the economic block of indicators in the industry - costs and prices, are defined. It is also emphasized that both general and regional data on the number of business entities and water area are not available. Since 2016 official statistical information on the production of aquaculture is not provided, although earlier it was submitted in the thematic statistical collection; Administrative reports are now provided, but with all possible encumbrances. The proposals for improving the economic statistics on pisciculture are substantiated.

A review of available statistics on the development of the pisciculture in Ukraine is provided. The comparative analysis of data by various forms of statistical reports, allowed to identify the problematic aspects

of sectoral statistics Based on the results of the analysis, the proposals are maid to improve the economic statistics of the pisciculture in Ukraine. Taking into account the sectoral and statistical proposal will contribute to the formation of reliable data and transparency of this sector; allow to defend the need for its state support as an important part of the national economy
Alternatives to Using Revenues of Governmental Property Management
Authors: Bilousova О. S.
Published: October 2018

The article deals with the problems of the target orientation and efficiency of the use of resources received from the management of state-owned objects, which are extremely relevant in the context of budget deficit, growth of expenditures on repayment and servicing of public debt, and the necessity of state support to economic development processes. The purpose of the article is to study the alternative of using revenues from the management of state property and to develop, taking into account the experience of the EU countries, proposals for improving the budget statistics of incomes and expenditures of the State Budget of Ukraine.

It was found that over the period of 2012-2016, the total revenues from the management of state-owned objects amounted to UAH 266.7 billion. In 2015-2016 gains from privatization decreased. The total revenue from the management of state-owned objects in 2016 compared to 2015 decreased by UAH 14 billion, and amounted to 64 billion UAH. It has been established that the limited amount of such revenues requires an increase in the level of their use for the purpose of economic development and strengthening of the stimulating influence on investment processes in the country

It is concluded that alternatives to using revenues from state property management are the repayment of public debt; financing the creation and implementation of innovations; co-financing with private entities managing the modernization of the real economy sector on an innovative basis. It is proposed to introduce a special account within the budget to distinguish the formation and use of funds received from privatization and other types of management of state-owned objects. In order to improve the fiscal statistics of revenues and expenditures of the State Budget of Ukraine, we consider it expedient to supplement the annual report on budget execution with the application, which will reflect the volume of accumulated in the year of funds in terms of sources of formation, and the amount of expenditures spent on the areas of use in the context of investment projects.
Statistical Assessment of Energy Efficiency of Production and Consumption of Energy Resources in Ukraine
Authors: Deina A. Yu.
Published: October 2018

Energy independence of the country - one of the key links of the economy policy of many countries, including Ukraine, which full high-quality functioning of economy depends on. Full functioning of all economic institutes is possible only at reliable providing of fuel and energy resources. Economy life in general fades without skillful and rational use of energy resources. One of the main objectives of sustained economic growth and ensuring energy independence is connected with need of achievement of high, competitive level of efficiency of use of fuel and energy resources.

Complex assessment of efficiency of production and consumption of energy resources provides use of a set of the indicators characterizing versatility and complexity of energy efficiency category. The method of multidimensional average has been used for calculation of complex assessment of energy efficiency, at the same time the following indicators have been chosen: energy intensity of GDP, export and import of energy resources, production and consumption of energy resources, investments into the energy complex, oil prices, tariffs for natural gas and the electricity for the population, a share of natural gas in the structure of energy consumption and so on.

Complex assessment of efficiency of production and consumption of energy resources is executed on two blocks - for producers and for consumers (population). Extremely low level of energy efficiency for both producers and consumers (population) of energy services during 2010-2016 is observed. At the same time factors which influence the low level of integrated assessment of energy efficiency of production and consumption of energy resources are revealed. Achievements of the actual levels of integrated coefficients of energy efficiency substantially depended recently on introduction of extensive factors of development. Such situation has negative effect on achievement of energy independence of Ukraine.

The current state of efficiency of production and consumption of energy resources is characterized by existence of a wide range of problems. It is possible to distinguish the lack of the principles of resource-saving of producers and economical use at consumers of energy services/ It results to very high level of energy consumption, the high level of energy intensity, the need to import of fuel and energy resources from other countries because of insufficiency of own production, the low level of income of consumers and groundlessness of increase in tariffs for energy services that promotes increase in level of debt of the population for the provided services and an unprofitable financial condition of the enterprises of the energy complex.
Constructing Functional Models of Economic Phenomena by the Method of Statistical Equations of Dependences
Authors: Kulynych О. І.
Published: October 2018

The functional theoretical model of the socio-economic development of regions is constructed by the method of statistical equations of dependences, for substantiating objectives, plans and standards. The nomenclature of factors with impact on the formation of gross regional product is proposed, the share of impact of each factor is determined.

In the new economic conditions, the concept of planning is determined from the perspective of outlining the ways to achieve its effectiveness. The process of planning needs to consist of formulating overall strategic intentions on determining specific and detailed actions aimed at generating income and spending over a certain period (a year or five years), outlining the ways and means for the achievement of goals. An important component in this process is control over the achievement of the goal by comparing reported and planned data, identifying and evaluating factors with either positive or negative impact on the economic performance. Solutions to the issues of planning and forecasting of phenomena and processes, structural change in the economy or stability of the economic system are a matter of vital importance for scientific communities, practical economists and power officials. This is a reason behind great attention drawn to constructing of economic development models, designed to analyze allocation of production resources and distribution of the national product for social purposes, which constitutes the main function of the state policy

Basically, economic and statistical modeling can be made by use of the following models:

model of economic systems;

model of production process;

model of demand and consumption of goods and services;

model of prices and income;

model of financial flows;

model of national economy;

model of socio-economic development.

When modeling the socio-economic development at country or regional level, constructing and evaluating social and economic policies at either level, statistical methods need to be used, expert methods and methods of neural-fuzzy modeling in particular.

Use of the method of statistical equations of dependences allows for supplementing the given nomenclature of forms for economic and statistical modeling by the following types of modeling:

substantiating the objectives, plans or standards of the development of economic phenomena through constructing of functional theoretical models;

predicting change in the factors when determining the level of socio-economic phenomena in a future period.

Understanding the essence of an economic model is greatly important for generating information about the socio-economic development.
Ways to Overcome the Economic Crisis and the Role of Statistics in Decision-making: the Experience of Azerbaijan
Authors: Yahubov S. М.
Published: October 2018

The problems faced by the Azeri economy on account of the falling oil price, the slowing economic growth in the countries that are its key trade partners, and the parallel processes in finance and bank sector are discussed. It is shown that due to the reducing external investment, the rather strong dependence on imports and the shadow employment, the underdeveloped human capital, Azerbaijan risks to be moved to the group of countries with medium or even low rates of profitability.

Four strategic goals of the road map for the national economy, developed for the transition to the new concept of economic development, are highlighted. It is argued that the sustainable economic development can be achieved through implementing these goals and the strategic road maps on 11 industries of the national economy, by setting the balance between its non-financial and financial sector.

In analyzing the strategic road map for the national economy, it is emphasized that improvement in the statistics infrastructure is one of its action areas. Its main objective is to enhance the quality of statistical information for taking more effective decisions on extending the capabilities of supplementary support for the reforms. The importance of statistical reporting for analyses of the implementation of national programs and development guidelines adopted in Azerbaijan is emphasized. The role of statistics in analyses of the current performance and results of measures specified in the road maps at macroeconomic and sectoral level is underlined. The instruments for statistical data collection are enumerated. The branches of statistics where reorganization is a prime objective are determined. The need for actions to ensure international comparability of statistical data, integration of administrative data, development of the statistical information system on the basis of official methodology is substantiated.
Statistical Assessment of the Banks’ Competitiveness at the Financial Market: Theoretical and Methodological Aspect
Authors: Kolesnik Ya. V.
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to the vital problem of substantiating theoretical and methodological aspects of statistical assessment of the banks’ competitiveness at the financial market. The growing market competition makes the bankers chose competition methods by relating their business success to the business performance of their competitors, investors, corporate and private clients. The bank product competitiveness is assessed by comparing the economic parameters of an analyzed service with the benchmarking parameters, by group of parameters. A method based on the theory of effective competition is proposed for use as an option of the assessment of the competitiveness of a commercial bank. It enables for applying a universal method that allows for computing the integral coefficient of the competitiveness of a commercial bank by estimating the most important criteria of its operation.

The assessment of the bank competitiveness has to include an analysis of the internal environment, covering quantitative and qualitative characteristics of its operation, and an analysis of external environment. The assessment involves differential and complex methods of assessment. The assessment of the internal environment includes a quantitative analysis of its financial position and a qualitative analysis of its image and competitiveness of its services. The method enables to produce the integral coefficient of competitiveness; it is based on the assessment of the internal and external environment of the banks that are main competitors, by computing a number of criteria. An analysis of the financial position of a bank is the central one, as it aims to produce a quantitative measure of the capacities promoting the development of a bank in future. The main advantage of the proposed method for the assessment of the competitiveness of a commercial bank is its feasibility, because it is based on data from published reports and results of market analyses. The comparative assessment of the operation of banks that are main competitors allows for quick and robust computation of each bank’s position at the financial market, whereas the results of the analysis give good idea of their business conditions and allow for the dynamic assessment of the effectiveness of the national bank system.
Discipline “Information Management” in the System of Economic Education
Authors: Kozlov V. V. , Tomashevska T. V. , Pashkovska A. Yu.
Published: October 2018

The level of development of the information system in organizations, the complexity management of information systems leads to the need for the introduction of specialized information management. Until now, specialists often use not only different terminology, but also interpret the tasks of information management and their methodology differently. All this determines the relevance of the task of establishing generalized terminology

As “information management” we will understand the whole complex of issues related to the management of information systems of various areas and levels.

The list of tasks of information management is: 1 ) formation of the technological environment of information system; 2) development and maintenance of information system; 3) planning in the environment of information system; 4) formation of organizational structure of information system; 5) use and operation of information System; 6) formation of innovation policy; 7) human resources management in the field of information system; 8) management of finance in the field of information system.

One of the problems of information management is the problem of economic efficiency and finance information system. The simplest method in this case is the use of a static evaluation of the economic efficiency of information systems. In this case, it is considered the economy of working time, the wage fund, the reduction of total production costs associated with the reduction of errors in the processing of information. The economic effect of information system implementation is estimated over a short period of time (often a year). Let’s determine the main drawbacks of the static method:

the assessment of the economic effect is most often carried out indirectly, by comparison with the indicators of the implementation of similar information system;

the system stoppages and the “price” of these stoppsages are not taken into account;

the time of Information System creation and implementation are not taken into account in any way;

cash flows are not brought to a comparable level;

no risks, directly or indirectly, are taken into account.

Taking into account the above, it is necessary to switch to more sophisticated methods for assessing information projects that require relevant specialists in the field of information management. Information management becomes the basic technology of organization control activity in all spheres of functioning of the information society In the light of the above, in the system of modern higher education, attention should be paid to acquiring knowledge and skills of students in ensuring the management of IP and resources.

Thus, the teaching of the discipline “Information management” is important in the process of formation of the education system, since the content of this discipline reflects the trends in the management system of organizations, production and should cover the problems of information provision in various fields of human activity
Non-Financial Reporting as a Tool for Measuring the Social Activity of Domestic Enterprises
Authors: Наmкаlо О. В.
Published: October 2018

The research is devoted to the peculiarities of the formation of non-financial reporting as one of the tools for measuring the social activity of enterprises.

The financial stability and successful business of enterprises is conditional on non-financial indicators and business orientation, ranks, reputation, openness and social responsibility. Non-financial reporting or a CSR report is an effective tool for measuring the performance of enterprises, a basis for the development and implementation of various strategic projects and programs. Information from non-financial reporting allows for assessing the effectiveness of management at an enterprise by economic, environmental and social component, their interdependence and contribution in achieving the main goal, and for subsequent goal setting and more effectively management of change. It means that the report in question serves as the main platform for communicating the results and impacts (positive or negative) of sustainable development. It shows the real effort of an enterprise in creating social, environmental and economic benefits.

However, domestic enterprises do not have sufficient experience in the field of socially responsible business and need to create their own internal concept of corporate social responsibility considering international trends, which determines the relevance of this study

Various international non-financial reporting standards are analyzed; it is demonstrated that the most popular mechanism for regulating non-financial reporting is the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), which defines a set of indicators measuring the social, ecological and economic component of the economic activity of enterprises The mechanism for making up a non-financial report by phase of the enterprise development is built. The use of the proposed mechanism in making up non-financial reporting will enable to set up an effective link between the enterprise and the stakeholders, and to determine the strategic directions of the enterprise's activities in the context of its development.
TIRMANICI BİTKİLERİN BAZI BİYOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİ
Authors: AVŞAR Mahmut D. , OK Tolga
Published: October 2018

Tırmanıcı bitkiler, zayıf gövdeli ve yukarı doğru
büyüyebilmek için fizikî bir desteğe ihtiyaç duyan bitkilerdir. Tırmanıcıların
ince ve uzun gövdeleri vardır ve gövde uzamaları nispeten hızlıdır. Su ve besin
maddelerini köklerinin yardımıyla topraktan alırlar. Tırmanıcılar genellikle
kapalı tohumlu bitkilerden olup, çiçek ve meyve oluştururlar. Damarlı
bitkilerdendirler ve ksilem ve floem dokularına sahiptirler. Tırmanıcılar hayat
süresi bakımından tek yıllık, iki yıllık veya çok yıllık; odun oluşumu
bakımından otsu veya odunsu; tırmanma şekli bakımından sülüklü, sarılan, yaprak
saplı, köklü, yapışkan sülüklü veya çengelli ve yaprak dökme bakımından her dem
yeşil veya yaprak döken tırmanıcılar olarak sınıflandırılabilmektedir. Orman bakımı
çalışmalarında, zararı fazla olan odunsu tırmanıcılarla mücadele edilmelidir.
Peyzaj düzenlemelerinde, tırmanıcı bitki türlerinin seçiminde türlerin
biyolojik özelliklerine dikkat edilmeli, genetik kaynaklarının devamı açısından
yerli türlerimize öncelik verilmelidir.
OXIDATION OF DISPERSE CARBON MATERIALS
Authors: Nguyen V. H. , Filimono A. S. , Peshnev B. V. , Nikolaev A. I.
Published: October 2018

It is proposed to consider the process of carbon materials oxidative activation from the positions of topochemical reactions involving chemisorption of the activating agent (oxidizer) on the material surface active centers followed by chemical interaction. Such an approach makes it possible to control the process of creating a carbon material with the desired characteristics of the porous space. It is assumed that the oxidizer chemisorption active centers are amorphous carbon, which is localized on the material crystallites boundaries. The change in the length of these boundaries will lead to a change in the process rate. It is shown that the number of such active centers on the carbon material surface depends on the size of the crystallites. It will have a significant impact not only on the rate of activation, but also on the possibility of the process flow on the surface or with porosity formation. Mathematical models describing the carbon sample specific surface changing in the oxidation process are proposed. They allow quantifying the proportion of carbon that is oxidized on the sample surface or with pores formation, as well as quantifying the number of pores. It is shown that the ratio of pore formation and surface oxidation processes depends on the oxidation temperature, the oxidizer nature and its flow rate. The proportion of porosity formation decreases with the increase in the oxidant flow rate and the increase in temperature. It was experimentally shown that in order to obtain a material with a more developed porous space and a high specific surface it is preferable to use carbon dioxide as an oxidizing agent.
CRACKING OF MONOLITHIC POLYCARBONATE SHEETS IN A STRESSED STATE
Authors: Markov A. V. , Semenyak P. A.
Published: October 2018

The accelerated stress cracking of monolithic polycarbonate sheets was investigated. Cracking of polycarbonate organic glasses during operation leading to a drop in impact strength and transparency is their main disadvantage. The main role in the acceleration of the process of cracking is played by the stresses that arise when they are formed and mounted. The aim of this work was to investigate the dependence of the cracking start time on the stress applied to the sheet monolithic polycarbonate. This makes it possible to predict the lifetime of polycarbonate products. The experiments were carried out in air and in contact with an adsorption-active medium (a mixture of toluene and n-propanol). The stresses applied to the samples varied in the range from 25 to 55 MPa. It is shown that the dependence of the cracking start time of a polycarbonate on the applied stress can be described by Zhurkov exponential equation. The coefficients of this equation for the processes of cracking in air and in contact with the adsorption-active liquid are calculated. It is established that the activation energy of the polycarbonate cracking process (129.5 kJ/mol) is close in magnitude to the activation energy of the thermal-oxidative destruction (about 145-155 kJ/mol). In contact with the adsorption-active mixture of toluene (25% mass.) and n-propanol, the activation energy of the cracking is reduced to 98.5 kJ/mol. At the same time, the structural coefficient in the Zhurkov equation ("activation volume") increases from 1.45 to 2.45 nm3. The analysis of the obtained results made it possible to predict the lifetime of monolithic polycarbonate sheets and products made of them at various operating stresses
Evaluation of Immunohistochemical Reactivity with Avidin-Biotin Complex (ABC) Method
Authors: Sandoval C. , Vásquez B.
Published: October 2018

Immunohistochemistry is any technique that can detect cellular and extracellular components in situ by means of specific antibodies, using enzymatic detection systems. Among immunohistochemical methods, the technique of avidin - biotin complex (ABC) is widely used because of its high sensitivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical reactivity of the 4C4.9 antibody for detection of S-100 protein using the ABC method. For the evaluation of immunohistochemical reactivity 2 biopsies of human skin were used with histopathological diagnosis of ulcerated malignant melanoma and melanocytic intradermal nevi from the Research Laboratory on Animal Biotechnology of the Universidad de La Frontera, Chile. The Kit VECTASTAIN® was used as detection method, the dilution the 4C4.9 antibody was 1/250 and incubation temperature was at 4 ° C or 37 °C for 18 hours. To validate the technique, a positive control and a negative for 4C4.9 was performed. The results of immunohistochemical staining by the method of ABC complex showed positive staining for protein S-100 both in ulcerated malignant melanoma and melanocytic intradermal nevi, incubated for 18 hours at 4 ° C or 37 ° C. However, immunostaining was more intense when the primary antibody was incubated at 37° C. For a correct interpretation of the results, it is necessary to take into consideration that the antigen-antibody reaction is influenced by various factors such as the concentration of antibody, time and temperature of incubation. In conclusion, our results suggest incubating the samples with the first antibody (4C4.9) at 1/250 dilution in distilled water, incubating for 18 h at 37 oC. However, immunostaining was more intense when the primary antibody was incubated at 37° C. For a correct interpretation of the results, it is necessary to take into consideration that antigen- antibody reaction is influenced by various factors such as the concentration of antibody, time and temperature of incubation. In conclusion, our results suggest incubating the samples with the first antibody (4C4.9) at 1/250 dilution in distilled water, incubating for 18 h at 37 oC. The use of the antibody 4C4.9 is recommended to support the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
Osteogenic Distraction in Complex Mandibular Defect
Authors: Olate Sergio , Parra Marcelo , Unibazo Alejandro , Uribe Francisca , Restovic Nicolás
Published: October 2018

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a surgical technique used in the treatment of facial deformities and malformations and also in the treatment of alveolar bone deficiencies. The aim of this paper is to show the case of a patient with partial edentulism in the symphysis area with a severe vertical and horizontal bone deficiency caused by mandibular trauma. At the initial analysis, the patient related a recent history of fracture in symphysis and right angle of the mandible. Treatment had not been entirely succesfull, therefore, after studying the options, we opted for a treatment at different stages: Stage 1, surgery for osteo shynthesis removal, soft tissue preparation and replacement of the posterior margin of mandibular symphysis; stage 2, distraction osteogenesis, performed 3 months after the first intervention and stage 3, distractor device removal and dental implant installation, performed 6 months after the second intervention. We discuss some factors involved in the treatment success.
Using Ultrasonography and Doppler Application for Evaluating Vascular Axes and Prevention of Compartmental Syndrome
Authors: Algieri Rubén , Fernández Juan , Ferrante María , Paglilla Paulo , Ahualli Nicolás
Published: October 2018

Ultrasonography is with adequate training, a fast and effective evaluation method in emergency departments. Peripheral vascular injury is frequent in trauma and should have a rapid diagnosis andtreatment,asrisksinclude:opensores,bleeding;closedinjuriesandcompartmentalsyndrome. Prompt evaluation of the integrity in the vascular tree becomes important in preventing events that require surgical intervention (repair and / or fasciotomy). The aim of this work is to demonstrate the usefulness of knowledge of peripheral vascular tree, ultrasound evaluation and Doppler for peripheral vascular trauma management, using checklists for the systematic evaluation of the vasculature. Systematic evaluations were realized in 10 general surgery residents. Initially, using inanimate and animate models which were then evaluated in trauma situations. Divided into periods (February / April 2016 – May/August 2016). The findings with previous criteria made the verification list and subsequent connection with the development of compartment syndrome that were established by correlation. Evaluation animated models: 1st assessment: Recognition of structures> 60 % =6 residents. > 80 % =4 residents. The 2nd assessment: Recognition of structures > 60 % = 3 residents. > 80 % = 7 residents. In the care of multiple trauma: recognition structures > 60% =3 residents. >80 % =7 residents. Patients at risk for compartmental syndrome (n=77)=11 (14.78 %). Resolution: Vascular Lesion 1 (1.3 %) compartmental syndrome: 1 (1.3 %) with surgical resolution. The use of ultrasonography and Doppler for peripheral vascular evaluation is useful for early recognition of risk from developing a single vascular lesion, to compartmental syndrome. The use of the checklists during simulation for the generation of criteria is useful in the training of surgical residents.
Extraosseous Ewing’s Sarcoma in Spinal Epidural Space
Authors: Espín Luis , Quispe-Alcocer Julio , Espín Gabriela , Villacís-Sandoval Jorge , Castro-Viteri Jesús
Published: October 2018

Extraosseous Ewing’s sarcoma belongs to the family of neuroectodermal tumors that de- rive from the neural crest, characteristic of its aggressiveness. Several locations have been described, however, epiduralpresentationisrare. Prognosishasbeenimprovedbynewoncologicalregimensandothertherapeutic targets are being studied.
Scapular Osteochondroma: An Infrequent Case
Authors: Espín Luis , Espín Gabriela , Silva Richard
Published: October 2018

Osteochondroma of the scapula is a rare benign tumor in view of its location, which produces pain and mechanical dysfunction of the joint when it is on the ventral surface of the scapula, mainly affecting men during bone growth periods, between the ages of 10 and 30, accounting for 14.4 % of all scapula tumors and 49 % of benign tumors of the scapula. They arise in the metaphyseal regions of the long bones (femur, humerus, tibia), causing mechanical irritation leading to functional impotence, bursitis, and fracture of the scapula. Few cases in flat bones have been described. Diagnosis is made with physical, clinical and complementary examinations, and must be confirmed by prior histopathology biopsy. The surgical indication includes mechanical dysfunction of a joint or tendon in relation to the size of the lesion, sarcomatous change being the procedure of choice in open surgical excision. The case of an 11-year-old girl who was diagnosed with a subscapular osteochondroma after previous excisional biopsy, is described below.
Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis; Diagnostic Value of Some Laboratory Tests
Authors: Licona Tania , Fajardo German , Ferrera Rubén , Mazariegos Alejandra
Published: October 2018

Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis (EONS) is a clinical situation resulting from the invasion and proliferation of bacteria, fungi or viruses in the newborn (NB) bloodstream, which occurs within the first 72 hours of life. To determine the diagnostic usefulness of laboratory tests performed on infants with suspicion of early neonatal sepsis at the Santa Barbara Integrated Hospital, Honduras. A case-control study was carried out during 2016; the cases were 20 infants with early onset neonatal sepsis, and the controls were 40 infants who were admitted as potentially septic, but the blood culture result was negative. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative (NPV) of leukocytosis, platelets, initial C-reactive protein (CRP) and control were calculated. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 19. It was found that 17 (28.3 %) NB were women and 43 (71.7 %) were men. The VPP of the initial PCR was 5 %, increasing to 85 % in the control study. The isolated microorganism was enterobacter in 6 (30 %) of the RNs. Of the 23 (38.3 %) neonates who presented complications; 11 (48 %) had positive blood culture and 12 (52 %) had negative blood cultures. The discharge condition was medical discharge in 55 (92 %) and referred to a more complex hospital 5 (8 %) of the neonates. The VPP of the C-reactive protein increases considerably when doing a laboratory control,between 24-48 hours.
Efficacy of Sutures of the Ala Bases and in the Form of V-Y Labial in Patients Subject to the Surgically Assisted Expansion of Maxila
Authors: Scomparin Leandro , Paredes Wilber , De Freitas Karina , Rodrigues Marcela , Da Fonseca Eduardo , Martins Daniel
Published: October 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Nasal Alar Bases suture (N.A.B.S.) and V-Y lip suture (V-Y.L.S.) in the maintenance of the distance between the nasal alar bases (N.A.B.) and the red lips display (R.L.D.) in patients operated for correction of crossbite with maxillary atresia. We evaluated 9 patients, 4 who received the above mentioned sutures, and 5 who received simple sutures. It was evaluated the measures N.A.B. and R.L.D. in the preoperative phase, postoperative, and after 7 and 450 days. Measurements of N.A.B. were stable throughout the experimental period in N.A.B.S. and V-Y.L.S. group, while the group receiving simple sutures there was an increase of this measure in the postoperative period and a decrease after 450 days. The N.A.B.S. and V-Y.L.S. group showed a significant increase in R.L.D. in immediate postoperative period, reducing slightly after 7 days, and presenting a significant loss in the final assessment, showing an even lower value than the mean preoperative. N.A.B.S. was effective in the short and medium term in controlling unwanted nasal enlargement in patients undergoing E.M.C.A. In the immediate postoperative period, there is an increased R.L.D., but long-term reduction of the R.L.D. occurs in all E.M.C.A. patients, regardless of the type of suture used.
Wallenberg Sindrome: A Case Report
Authors: Fajardo German , Orellana Sandra , Reyes Karla , Hernández Ariana , Álvarez Allan
Published: October 2018

Wallenberg's Syndrome represents 36 % of strokes in the brainstem. It is due to occlusion of the inferior cerebellar artery, affecting structures found in the cerebellum and the lateral part of the medulla oblongata. The main risk factor is atherosclerosis. The case is about a 57-year-old male patient with a history of lacunar infarcts in the cerebellum, type 2 diabetes mellitus, smoking and dyslipidemia. It begins with an intense and sudden occipital headache, without attenuating, concomitantly vertigo, hiccups, nausea, vomiting and paresthesia of lower limbs. At the physical examination, decreased peripheral pulses present Horner's syndrome, hypoesthesia, hypoesthesia in left hemiface, and contralateral hemibody, with ataxia, dysmetria and dysdiadochokinesia. MRI was performed with diffusion with diagnostic Hyperintense image of irregular morphology in the left lateral contour of the medulla oblongata, compatible with ischemic event (Wallenberg syndrome). Antithrombotic treatment and physical therapy was indicated. Patient was evaluated 2 months later showing ample improvement. It is a very specific syndrome, whose clinical manifestation depends on the anatomical region affected and abstracts the clinician from other diagnoses.
Subcutaneous lateral brow lift, an option with local anesthesia.
Authors: Olate Sergio
Published: October 2018

The aim of this article is to present a case series of subcutaneous lateral brow lifts with local anesthesia. The case series includes 9 subjects operated on between 2014 and 2016, with an average age of 57 years and with no limitations on ethnic group or gender. The surgery was done bilaterally entirely under local anesthesia. After a minimum follow-up of 3 months, no major complications were observed, only partial suture dehiscence at two surgical sites that did not require surgical management of the zone. Good results were established, being fast, economical and with low morbidity. It is concluded that the subcutaneous brow lift with local anesthesia can be applied with a low rate of complications and good results.
Medical and dental effects of energy drinks consumption. Literature review.
Authors: Beltrán Katherine , Cardona Wilson
Published: October 2018

The energy drinks have undergone exponential hikes over the last years worldwide, in adults, youth, and even children. Among its components can be found: caffeine, guarana, taurine, ging-Seng, L-carnitine, creatinine or glucuronolactone, citric acid and phosphoric acid, among others. A responsible and occasional consumption should not pose major problems, but this is not the case. The medical effects are usually caused by their abuse, like: headaches, palpitations, insomnia, sweating, abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, gastroesophageal reflux, facial numbness, bloating, tremor, diarrhea and even addiction, among others. While in the dental level, specifically on the dental enamel, the most severe impact is the erosion and the lesser impact is tooth staining, which has not yet been fully investigated, also have been described the development of hypersensitivity. A timely prevention and diagnosis are essential to minimize the damage caused by prolonged use of these products. It is essential to avoid a possible trend or “fad” associated with mixing energy drinks and alcohol and even drugs, of which they are not fully known the possible risks that could potentially cause. Due to its exponential growth it is essential to have an updated knowledge about the consumption of these beverages. The high consumption of energy drinks maintained over time is associated with negative effects at the medical and dental level. Further research is necessary to prevent, treat and rehabilitate the consequences produced by the consumption of these products.
Kartagener syndrome: Case report.
Authors: Fajardo German , Cárcamo Gloria , Rivera Velia , Flores Brigitte
Published: October 2018

Kartagener’s syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease, characterized by primary ciliary dyskinesia, which consists of ciliated cell dysfunction. This is the cause of the manifestation of the respiratory symptomatology that presents this syndrome-cough, sinusitis, and bronchiectasis. Another symptomatology that accompanies this syndrome are infertility and situs inversus. Its recognition from the early XX century, and constitutes syndrome thanks to the description of 4 clinical cases by Manes Kartagener, a pulmonologist who worked in Zurich and first described the triad of sinusitis, bronchiectasis and situs inversus in 1933. A 35-year-old female patient with a history of dextrocardia, repeated respiratory infections, and inadequate response to previous treatments, is presented to the Emergency Hospital Mario Catarino Rivas. Kartagener syndrome characterized by the classic triad of chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis and situs inversus. During clinical presentation expect to find recurring upper and lower respiratory tract, thanks to the commitment of mobility infections ciliciar normally responsible for the removal of environmental pathogens, expected long-term development of bronchial dilation because of accumulation of mucoid material and local inflammatory reaction.
Risk factors for anesthesia failure in the mandible.
Authors: Rivas Jorge , Campos Valeria
Published: October 2018

Local anesthesia is a common procedure in the daily dental practice, however, there are multiple factors affecting the effectiveness of this procedure. Correct identification of the causes of the failure is essential at the time of taking the necessary measures to achieve the anesthetic success. Most problems in the anesthesia of the mandible are due to limited access and anatomical variants, such as: bifid Inferior Alveolar Nerve, Retromolar Foramen, Accessory Mental Foramen, Accessory innervations and Cross Innervations. Moreover, inflammation increases the absorption of anesthetic, reducing its concentration at the site of action. The several techniques available for mandibular anesthesia does not guarantee 100% effectiveness, plus each individual techniques presents indications and complications. Psychological phenomena such as anxiety and fear to the dentist can also increase the perception of pain. The clinician should all aspects involved but also the psychological variables that negatively affect dental patient care in anesthetic procedures.