bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Massage, Soak Feet Warm Water, and Aromatherapy for Decreasing Blood Pressure in Older Adults with Hypertension: A Literature Review
Authors: Fitama Emmalia Adhi , Haryanto Joni , Makhfudli Makhfudli
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The increase in blood pressure that lasts long enough to cause damage to the kidneys, heart, and brain. This is in line with Carol A. Miller's theory regarding the aging process that occurs in the older adults. Miller's functional theory in the development process, the older adults will experience many changes, one of which is the dilated and stiff arteries, this results in reduced vascular recoil capacity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of massage, warm water foot soaking, and aromatherapy on lowering blood pressure in hypertensive older adults based on empirical studies of the last ten years.Method: Search for journals or articles using a database through Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, SAGE, EBSCO, Scient Direct, Research Gate, and Google Scholar. The Center for Review and Dissemination and The Joanna Briggs Institute were used to assess the study's quality. The framework used for the review is PICOS, and the inclusion criteria used are English and Indonesian language journals with a coverage of the last ten years, older adults who lives in nursing home or community older adults, outcomes: decreased to blood pressure, and the study design of quasy-experimental studies, randomized control and trial, qualitative research and cross-sectional studies.Result: After screening twenty-five article, but only Thirteen studies matched the research criteria. Six studies suggest that age is a significant factor in hypertension and seven studies the presence of excess sympathetic activity. Meanwhile, strategies to reduce blood pressure in the older adults include massage, soaking feet in warm water, and aromatherapy.Conclusion: Decreased prevalence of hypertension in the older adults can be carried out pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. The strategy is entirely sufficient for lowering blood pressure in elderly hypertensive are massage, foot soak warm water, and aromatherapy as inhaled a calming effect. Determines successfully in complementary therapy in lowering blood pressure.
Space maintainer ‘Y model’ as a preventive orthodontic treatment for paediatric patients: a case report
Authors: Anggraini Laelia Dwi , Sunarno S. , Utomo Rinaldi Budi , Pramono Dibyo
Published: July 2021

Background: Caries is one of the most common oral diseases that occur among children. Caries and dental trauma in children may cause early tooth loss, also known as premature loss, and result in occlusion abnormalities caused by the dental arch narrowing. A space maintainer is a preventive orthodontic appliance designed to maintain a narrow arch to prevent premature loss. Purpose: This study aims to describe the treatment of a case of space management in a patient with premature loss by using the space maintainer ‘Y model’. Case: An eight-year-old boy was accompanied by his mother, complaining that the lower posterior right tooth had been extracted. The mother was worried that the new tooth would have an overlapping growth. Case Management: The diagnosis was mandibular primary molar loss. The study cast was analysed based on Moyers 2.62 cm, Huckaba 2.24 mm, and curve determination 2.40 mm. The mandibular removable space maintainer treatment was performed on the patient and was followed by nine control visits every week. The outcome was a successful treatment from the use of the space maintainer ‘Y model’. Conclusion: The space maintainer treatment with the Y model in the paediatric patient showed a good result, evidenced by the tube opening of 1.2 mm, showing that the appliance followed lateral jaw growth.
Bone remodeling using a three-dimensional chitosan - hydroxyapatite scaffold seeded with hypoxic conditioned human amnion mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kamadjaja Michael Josef Kridanto
Published: July 2021

Background: Bone regeneration studies involving the use of chitosan–hydroxyapatite (Ch-HA) scaffold seeded with human amnion mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) have largely incorporated tissue engineering experiments. However, at the time of writing, the results of such investigations remain unclear. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the osteogenic differentiation of the scaffold Ch-HA that is seeded with hAMSCs in the regeneration of calvaria bone defect. Methods: Ch-HA scaffold of 5 mm diameter and 2 mm height was created by lyophilisation and desalination method. hAMSCs were cultured in hypoxia environment (5% oxygen, 10% carbon dioxide, 15% nitrogen) and seeded on the scaffold. Twenty male Wistar rat subjects (8 – 10 weeks, 200 - 250 grams) were randomly divided into two groups: control and hydroxyapatite scaffold (HAS). Defects (similar size to scaffold size) were created in the calvaria bone of the all-group subjects, but a scaffold was subsequently implanted only in the treatment group members. Control group left without treatment. After observation lasting 1 and 8 weeks, the subjects were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA test. Results: Angiogenesis; expression of vascular endothelial growth factor; bone morphogenetic protein; RunX-2; alkaline phosphatase; type-1 collagen; osteocalcin and the area of new trabecular bone were all significantly greater in the HAS group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The three-dimensional Ch-HA scaffold seeded with hypoxic hAMSCs induced bone remodeling in calvaria defect according to the expression of the osteogenic and angiogenic marker.
Facial height proportion based on Angle’s malocclusion in Deutero-Malayids
Authors: Aisy Aulia Rohadatul , Laviana Avi , Gayatri Gita
Published: July 2021

Background: Facial aesthetics are closely related to the harmonious proportions of the facial components. One of the components is facial height. The reference of facial height proportion of certain racial groups needs to be known by orthodontists and surgeons to create treatment outcomes that can be specifically designed for these particular demographics. One of the factors that can affect facial height proportion is malocclusion. Purpose: This study aimed to determine facial height proportion based on Angle’s classification of malocclusion in Deutero-Malayids. Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional method, which was conducted on 116 Deutero-Malayid subjects. The subjects’ malocclusion was first examined using Angle’s classification of malocclusion. Upper and lower facial height were then measured to determine the proportion of these dimensions. The results were then grouped based on each malocclusion class. Results: It was found that the upper and lower facial height proportions in the class I malocclusion group were 46.74% and 53.26% in males and 47.52% and 52.48% in females, respectively. The upper and lower facial height proportions in the class II malocclusion group were 48.46% and 51.54% in females. Upper and lower facial height proportions in the class III malocclusion group were 45.31% and 54.69% in males and 46.29% and 53.71% in females, respectively. Conclusion: The largest proportion of upper facial height in Deutero-Malayids was seen in the class II malocclusion group, followed by class I and class III. The largest proportion of lower facial height in Deutero-Malayids was seen in the class III malocclusion group, followed by class I and class II.
Macroeconomic Policy at a Crossroads
Authors: Kholopov A.
Published: July 2021

The article examines macroeconomic policy options for advanced economies to respond to adverse shocks in the environment of very low interest rates and very high levels of public debt, when the scope for using conventional policy tools is limited. The standard transmission mechanism of monetary policy in the ELB conditions stops working normally, and the economy faces the “liquidity trap” effect. The deployment by central banks of unconventional monetary tools (forward guidance, quantitative easing, and negative interest rates) after global financial crisis was helpful in combatting the downturn, but carries risk of possible side effects. Large-scale purchases of financial assets lead to significant increase in central banks’ balance sheets, and this creates a threat to future financial stability and central bank independence. Negative interest rates can have detrimental effects on bank profitability and be contractionary through bank lending. There is a consensus that today fiscal policy has to play a major role in stabilizing the business cycle. But the effectiveness of conventional tools of discretional fiscal policy is uncertain because of long political lags and small spending multiplier. Existing automatic fiscal stabilizers are focused on social protection goals and not on macroeconomic stabilization. Thus, the newly proposed measures for rules-based fiscal stimulus (asymmetric semiautomatic stabilizers – tax or spending measures triggered by the crossing of some statistical threshold, e.g. a high unemployment rate) and unconventional fiscal policy (the use of consumption taxes to increase inflation expectations) have become the object of active discussion. Here lies the danger in the fusion of monetary and fiscal policy: central banks’ operations are becoming increasingly quasi-fiscal, aimed at financing budget deficit, and functions of monetary policy are proposed to assign to fiscal policy. Besides, the expansion of fiscal stimulus threatens financial stability in the future, as it leads to increase in public debt and narrows a country’s fiscal space.
Elements and Channels of Bottom-Up Feedback in Contemporary China’s Political System
Authors: Karneev A.
Published: July 2021

The Year 2021 is significant because of the 100th anniversary of the Communist Party of China (CCP). This is a plausible opportunity to review the accomplishments of the ruling party in the last decades, especially in the period of the current leadership headed by Xi Jinping. As China under Xi is edging closer to its ultimate aim of “the Great Renaissance of the Chinese Nation”, its relations with the US, the current hegemon of the world order have experienced a severe downturn. Seen against the backdrop of Сhina’s deteriorating relations with the US and the West in general in recent years, the public opinion in the country has generally shifted towards anti-western and patriotic sentiments. There is in the international media, as well as in academia, a widely accepted image of China under Xi Jinping as a country where there is significantly less space for pluralistic discussions, different opinions and independent voices. Critical opinions arguably have been effectively muted, and the realm of liberal freedoms has shrunk probably to the levels of the start of the reforms’ era or even earlier times. An ongoing debate on the issue of interaction between the government policies and public opinion is important to a better understanding of the evolution of the Chinese polity. Does the system block all the critical voices from below and allow the information flow only top-down? Or should we probably pay more attention to the concrete efforts by the governments at different levels to stimulate and legitimize the grass-roots reactions to government policies? In this article we take a look at whether there are still vibrant channels through which common people can voice their opinions, and whether the state keeps those channels of feedback working. The overall impression is that the above-mentioned image of the resurgent totalitarianism in China’s political system seriously underestimates the complexities of contemporary PRC, the country that is searching for its own China-centered methods and channels of activating citizens’ political participation.
Technological Confrontation Between USA and China in Europe
Authors: Gamza L.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the confrontation between USA and China in the field of advanced technologies in Europe. On the example of the leading Chinese technological transnational company (TNC) Huawei which is the world leader in the development and deployment of advanced telecommunications networks of the fifth generation 5G it is shown that the confrontation between the US and China in the field of technology is a manifestation of intense competition at the interstate level that will increase. It is shown that the policy and increasingly tough US measures do not meet understanding and support from the many countries and this is clearly seen in Europe, which today is the main market for technological products of US and China and therefor has become the main arena of confrontation between them. The key EU countries in their evaluations and approach to cooperation with Huawei are guided primarily by their economic interests and put into practice a balanced and pragmatic approach. Amid tougher American sanctions and increasing political and economic pressure Chinese TNC Huawei maintained its position in the European market considering it as a strategic asset and alternative to the closed US market. An important factor in strengthening positions of Chinese companies in Europe would be implementation of EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investments.
Assessing the challenges of service quality in the Terra Quente Transmontana, Portugal
Authors: Carrizo Moreira Antonio , Campos Duque Dias Ana Margarida
Published: July 2021

Service quality is a major issue because is the result of a judgmental value that involves both the expectations as well as the perceptions of the customers. Despite its tremendous growth in Portugal, little is known about service quality neither in rural areas nor how it is perceived in the Terra Quente Transmontana. This article has two main purposes. Firstly, to compare the service provided by rural lodging units to entertainment services in rural areas and, secondly, to pave the way for the analysis of the services that influence the satisfaction of the Terra Quente Transmontana as tourist destination. The methodology is based on a Principal Components Analysis to both rural lodging units and entertainment services. The main conclusion is that both services are perceived differently by their customers. Consequently, it is mandatory to develop a cluster of services tuned to the different segments in order to develop the Terra Quente Transmontana as tourist destination.
Sustainable development model for nautical tourism ports
Authors: Jugović Alen , Kovačić Mirjana , Hadžić Ana
Published: July 2021

Nautical tourism ports make an open, dynamic and complex system which has been rapidly evolving; this is the reason why the development of this system requires continual monitoring and research. The existing models and development plans concerning nautical tourism ports donot provide for a systematic qualitative and quantitative development of nautical tourism, thus contributing to economical inefficiency likely to cause even ecological imbalance. The more so if nautical ports are regarded as business subjects by whom the concept of sustainable development is declaratively acceptable. For this reason, this paper presents in a systematic and clear way the results of the research based on an overall analysis and evaluation of nautical tourism ports’ position and development plans. On the basis of the results obtained, the paper presents a model of sustainable development of nautical tourism ports whereby the authors propose to redefine the approach to planning the development of nautical tourism and particularly to creating the offer and to understanding the relationship between economic development and environmental protection.
The role of text genres offer and authorisation/approval in management communication
Authors: Jurin Suzana
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper is to present and analyse text genres offer and authorisation/approval as unilateral text types that are mostly used for communication purposes in tourism and hospitality management. This analysis will show a specific communication model of management. The paper starts with an introduction that leads to argumentation of text within LSP and discusses the text as a tool in management of tourism and hospitality corporations and corporations in general. Further, this paper gives shortly the methodolgy of corpus description and classification of commisives. Unilateral commisives, their function and definition is discussed, and afterwards follows the analysis of text genre offer and authorisation/approval used in corporations and companies. The conclusion gives the main characteristics of unilateral text genres in corporative communication and also gives characteristics of communication models used by management. The corpus for this study includes examples of texts which are used for communication purposes in corporations. Text genres offer and authorisation/approval are characterized as unilateral text subtypes. This paper provides a linguistic analysis of the text and text genres. Every text will be analysed within three levels. Text genres are crucial for gaining success in corporate communication. Depending from the type of corporate ideology and philosophy, text genres offer and authorisation/approval show characteristics on the micro and macro structural level, they show specific vocabulary, grammatical structures and syntax in communication. Communicative function and implementation of communication in written discourse is discussed in this paper. Available sources and references on this topic are based on text linguistics and analysis of general text genres. However, little has been published and no research of text genres used in corporations (as specialized text genres) has been conducted in Croatian so far.
Oak wood offers a wide range of tools for wine aging, which one to choose?
Authors: González-Centeno María Reyes , Teissedre Pierre-Louis , Chira Kleopatra
Published: July 2021

The phenolic, aromatic and sensory evolution of a red wine under different oak aging conditions was evaluated. Neither phenolic nor fruity aromatic contents and profiles were impacted by the aging container or the derived oak products used. Meanwhile, a different woody aroma content was observed depending on the exposed wood area to wine volume ratio. From a sensory point of view, higher smoky, vanilla and/or spicy flavours were identified for all oak-aged wines when compared to the control (stainless steel tank), but they were all perceived as being as fruity as the control.
Another Criterion For The Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: July 2021

Let's define $\delta(x) = (\sum_{{q\leq x}}{\frac{1}{q}}-\log \log x-B)$, where $B \approx 0.2614972128$ is the Meissel-Mertens constant. The Robin theorem states that $\delta(x)$ changes sign infinitely often. For $x \geq 2$, Nicolas defined the function $u(x) = \sum_{q > x} \left(\log( \frac{q}{q-1}) - \frac{1}{q} \right)$ and proved that $0 < u(x) \leq \frac{1}{2 \times (x - 1)}$. We define the another function $\varpi(x) = \left(\sum_{{q\leq x}}{\frac{1}{q}}-\log \log \theta(x)-B \right)$, where $\theta(x)$ is the Chebyshev function. Using the Nicolas theorem, we demonstrate that the Riemann Hypothesis is true if and only if the inequality $\varpi(x) > u(x)$ is satisfied for all number $x \geq 3$. Consequently, we show that when the inequality $\varpi(x) \leq 0$ is satisfied for some number $x \geq 3$, then the Riemann Hypothesis should be false. Moreover, if the inequalities $\delta(x) \leq 0$ and $\theta(x) \geq x$ are satisfied for some number $x \geq 3$, then the Riemann Hypothesis should be false. In addition, we know that $\lim_{{x\to \infty }} \varpi(x) = 0$ because of $\lim_{{x\to \infty }} \delta(x) = 0$ and $\lim_{{x \to \infty }} \frac{\theta(x)}{x} = 1$.
A Potential Benefit of Hypochlorous Acid - Facial Sanitisation: A Review
Authors: Nowbuth Avis Aman , Armstrong Josh Barrie , Cloete Thomas Eugene , Fourie Pieter Rousseau
Published: July 2021

Sanitisation has become a major component of everyday life, with emphasis on the hands and surfaces. The face remains unsanitised. This is due to the lack of an acceptable sanitiser. The use of masks has been implemented in order to protect the spread of the pathogens by covering the face, however there remain issues associated with the use of PPE.. The face remains a harbour for upper respiratory tract infections, with constant deposition and replication of microbes. With SARS-CoV-2 being so prominent, it was postulated that there is an inoculum dose-dependant relationship with severity. By reducing microbial load of the face, the risk of both infection and severity of infection are reduced. HOCl has proven antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activity and was tested for efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, demonstrating a 99.99% reduction (50ppm; 1 min contact). A facial sanitiser, added to the arsenal of hand sanitisers and masks, further improves protection and prevention against SARS-CoV-2. The advantages of regular sanitising of the face and mask include a reduced level of microbial contamination, reduced risk of biofilm formation, and respiratory tract and skin infections. HOCl was reviewed as a face and face mask sanitiser, concluding that it was an ideally suited product.
Core Elements Towards Circularity: Evidence From the European Countries
Authors: Lingaitienė Olga , Burinskienė Aurelija
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the authors identified key elements important for circularity: (1) Background: The primary goal of circularity is to eliminate waste and to prove the constant use of resources. In the paper, we classify studies according to circular approaches. The authors identified main elements and classified them into categories important for circularity, starting with the managing and reducing waste and the recovery of resources; and ending with the circularity of material, and general circularity-related topics and presented scientific works dedicated to each of the above-mentioned categories. The authors analyzed several core elements from the first category aiming to investigate and connect different waste streams and provided a regression model; (2) Methods: The authors used a dynamic regression model to identify relationships among variables and selected the ones, which has an impact on the increase of biowaste. The research was delivered for the 27 European Union countries during the period between 2020 and 2019; (3) Conclusions: The authors indicated that the recycling rate of wasted electrical equipment in the previous year has an impact on the increase of recycling biowaste next year. This is explained as non-metallic spare parts of electronic equipment are used as biowaste for fuel production. And the separation process of the composites of electric equipment takes some time, on average the effect is evident in one year period.
Practice on Meter Dose Inhaler Techniques and Its Associated Factors Among Asthmatic Patients at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, East Gojjam, Ethiopia: A Prospective Study.
Authors: Asmare Tadele , Belayneh Anteneh , Dessie Bekalu
Published: July 2021

Background: Asthma is ranked 16th among the leading causes of years lived with disability and 28th among the leading causes of disease in the world. Metered dose inhaler remains the principal route for drug administration and it has greater advantages over systemic treatment. In routine use, however, a vast majority of patients make inhalation errors. Suboptimal inhaler technique worsens health outcomes, with poor disease control, and increases the risk of hospitalization. This study aimed to assess practice metered-dose inhalation techniques and associated factors among asthmatic patients at Debre Markos comprehensive specialized hospital, East Gojjam, Amhara region, Ethiopia. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from July 15 to August 30/ 2020. Data were collected through a semi-structured questioner. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Associations between dependent and independent variables were assessed by using binary and multiple logistic regressions. P-values less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant in all cases. Results presented in tables, figures, numbers, and percentages. Result: A total of 166 patients had involved in the study, of which 52.4% were females. One hundred eleven (66.9%) of participants had good knowledge of asthma and inhalational techniques with the rest of them had poor knowledge. One hundred eight (65.1%) patients had effective practice on metered-dose inhaler use techniques. Participant's knowledge regarding asthma and meter dose inhaler and marital status has a significant association with their practice of metered-dose inhaler techniques with P-value 0.001 and 0.006 respectively. Conclusion: In this study, most participants are suffering from asthma for a long duration and they have repeated exacerbation. Around two-thirds of patients had good knowledge regarding asthma and meter dose inhaler and practice on metered-dose inhaler techniques. Participants who had poor knowledge and who were unmarried had poor practice on tech metered-dose inhaler techniques. Health education and counseling services should be consistently provided to the clients regarding the proper steps of inhalers use.
Numerical Simulation Based Damage Identification in Concrete
Authors: Vu Giao , Timothy Jithender J. , Singh Divya S. , Saydak Leslie , Saenger Erik H. , Meschke Günther
Published: July 2021

High costs for the repair of concrete structures can be prevented if damage at an early stage of degradation is detected and precautionary maintenance measures are applied. To this end, we use numerical wave propagation simulations to identify simulated damage in concrete using convolutional neural networks (CNN). Damage in concrete subjected to compression is modeled at the mesoscale using the discrete element method. Ultrasonic wave propagation simulation on the damaged concrete specimens are performed using the rotated staggered finite-difference grid method. The simulated ultrasonic signals are used to train a CNN based classifier capable of classifying three different damage stages (microcrack initiation, microcrack growth and microcrack coalescence leading to macrocracks). The performance of the classifier is improved by refining the dataset via an analysis of the averaged envelope of the signal. The classifier using the refined dataset has an overall accuracy of 90%.
On the Applicability of Electrophoresis for Protein Quantification
Authors: Dome Karina , Akimenko Zoya , Bychkov Aleksey , Kalambet Yuri , Lomovsky Oleg
Published: July 2021

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is widely used for studying proteins and protein-containing objects. However, it is employed most frequently as a qualitative method rather than a quantitative one. In this paper, we show the feasibility of routine digital image acquisition and mathematical processing of electrophoregrams for protein quantification. Both the well-studied model protein molecules (bovine serum albumin) and more complex real-world protein-based products (casein-containing isolate for sports nutrition), which were subjected to mechanical activation in a planetary ball mill to obtain samples characterized by different protein denaturation degrees, were used as study objects. Protein quantification in the mechanically activated samples was carried out. The degree of destruction of individual protein was shown to be higher compared to that of protein-containing mixture after mechanical treatment for an identical amount of time. The methodological approach used in this study can serve as guidance for other researchers who would like to use electrophoresis for protein quantification both in individual form and in protein mixtures. The findings prove that photographic imaging of gels followed by mathematical data processing can be applied for analyzing the electrophoretic data.
Life Cycle Assessment of External Vertical Closing Systems: Sealing Masonry vs. Structural Masonry – a Brazilian Case Study
Authors: Pereira e Silva Cláudio Henrique , dos Santos Horta Ricardo Augusto , Coelho Lineker Max Goulart , Oliveira Raquel Diniz
Published: July 2021

The civil construction industry is one of the sectors that most consume natural resources in the world and, consequently, one of that generate more waste. Thinking about constructive techniques that generate less impact on the environment is vital to ensure sustainable development. In this scenario, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been presented as an internationally recognized approach, that assesses the potential impact of products and services on human health and the environment, throughout its entire life cycle. Aimed to identify construction techniques and vertical closing systems that generate less impact and consumption of natural resources, the impacts generated by the life cycle of the three vertical closing systems most applied in construction sites in Brazil were compared: ceramic brick masonry system (CBr); concrete block masonry system (CBk); and structural blocks masonry system (SBk). The SBk proved to be the least impacting to the “Resource Scarcity”, “Damage to Human Health”, and “Damage to the diversity of Ecosystems” interesting areas. This performance is directly related to the use of cement CPIII type and also by the fact that the SBk consumes less concrete and mortar than the others. Already the "Water Consumption" area, the CBk was the least impacting due to the lower consumption of electricity during its life cycle. The reliability of the results was proven through a sensitivity analysis of the normalization and characterization factors, which consisted of comparing the results obtained by applying two different methodologies. It is believed that the LCA study carried out can assist in the decision-making process regarding the choice of the most sustainable construction method.
Influence of N2 Flows on Sputtered Ta(N) films: Electrical, Structural, Chemical and Optical Properties
Authors: Hu Yingying , Rasadujjaman Md , Wang Yanrong , Zhang Jing , Yan Jiang , Baklanov Mikhail R.
Published: July 2021

By reactive DC magnetron sputtering from a pure Ta target onto silicon substrates, Ta(N) films were prepared with a different N2 flow rate of 0, 12, 17, 25, 38, 58 sccm. The effects of N2 flow rate on the electrical properties, crystal structure, elemental composition and optical properties of Ta(N) were studied. These properties were characterized by the four-probe method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). Results show that the deposition rate decreases with an increase of the N2 flows. On the other hand, the resistivity increases, the crystal size decreases, and the crystal structure transitions from β-Ta to TaN(111), and finally becomes the N-rich phase Ta3N5 (130,040). Studying the optical properties, it is found that there are differences in the refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) of Ta(N) with different thicknesses and different N2 flow rates, and dependent on the crystal size and crystal phase structure.
The Relationship between Pica and Iron Deficiency Anemia among Pregnant Women in East Jeddah Hospital
Authors: Zaki Raya , Fouly Howieda , Elkafafi Hanan
Published: July 2021

INTRODUCTION. The most common cause of eating non-food items (pica) is specific deficiencies of minerals, such as iron. This study aimed to assess the relationship between Pica and Iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women. METHODS. The study was conducted in the out-patient department, antenatal Clinic at East Jeddah Hospital from July to September 2020. Design: A quantitative descriptive correlation design. Sample size: A total of 400 pregnant women, included anemic pregnant women, ≥ 18 years old, with singleton fetus and iron deficiency anemia. RESULTS. The mean age was 32.2 ± 6.6, half of the participants reported food cravings. Ice was the main item in pica followed by clay and chalk. Two-thirds had pica, more than half during the 1st trimester. There is a statistically significant relationship between pica and the history of a family member, parity, and gravidity at (P< 0,001, P <0,001, P <0,005) respectively. Hb and hematocrit in relation to pica reflected a statistically significant relationship (P< 0,001) and (P< 0,001), respectively. The symptoms attributed to iron deficiency were significantly associated with pica (P< 0,006). CONCLUSION. The pica and iron deficiency anemia had a significant association with pregnant women in EJH. RECOMMENDATION. The follow-up visits should integrate the food behavior inquiry to check if the pica existing with anemic or non-anemic pregnant women. Also, increase the awareness among midwives-nurses about the prevalence of pica and iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women.
A Survey on Simulation Sickness in Virtual Environments
Authors: Ramaseri Chandra Ananth N. , El Jamiy Fatima , Reza Hassan
Published: July 2021

Virtual Reality(VR) is an emerging technology with a broad range of application in training, entertainment, and business. To maximize the potentials of virtual reality as a medium, the unwelcome feeling of simulation sickness needs to be minimized. Even with advancements in VR, the usability concerns are barriers for a wide-spread acceptance. Several factors (hardware, software, human) play a part towards a pleasant VR experience. The reviewed scientific articles are mostly part of documents indexed in digital libraries. In this paper, we review the potential factors which cause simulation sickness and minimize the usability of virtual reality systems. We review the best practices from a developer’s perspective and some of the safety measures a user must follow while using the VR systems from existing research. Even after following some of the guidelines and best practices VR environments do not guarantee a pleasant experience for users. Limited research in VR environments towards requirement specification, design, and development for maximum usability and adaptability was the main motive for this work.
Pengujian Tiga Asset Pricing Model Terhadap Excess Return Portofolio Pada Negara Berkembang di ASEAN
Authors: Nurkholik Adam
Published: July 2021

Studi mengenai Asset Pricing Model pada pasar negara maju telah dipelajari secara ekstensif dalam 35 tahun terakhir, namun hanya sedikit yang mendalaminya di pasar negara berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkonfirmasi eksistensi efek pasar (market effect), efek ukuran (size effect), efek nilai (value effect) dan efek momentum (momentum effect) dalam excess return portofolio dan menguji seberapa baik tiga Asset Pricing Model memprediksi excess return portofolio untuk negara berkembang di ASEAN. Metode Penelitian menggunakan metode ekspos fakto dengan pendekatan korelasional. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi berganda dengan tiga Asset Pricing Model, yakni Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), Three-Factor Model, Four-Factor Model. Konstruksi portofolio dibentuk berdasarkan ukuran dan nilai (size-B/M) dan berdasarkan ukuran dan momentum (size-momentum). Hasil uji hipotesis penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Market effect terjadi di Thailand, Malaysia dan Indonesia, baik pada portofolio size-B/M maupun portofolio size-momentum; 2) Size effect hanya terjadi di Malaysia, baik pada portofolio size-B/M maupun portofolio size-momentum; 3) Value effect hanya terjadi di Malaysia dan hanya pada portofolio size-B/M; 4) Momentum effect terjadi di Thailand dan Malaysia, baik pada portofolio size-B/M maupun portofolio size-momentum; 5) Four-Factor Model adalah model estimasi yang terbaik dan paling akurat dalam menduga excess return portofolio dibanding Three Factors Model dan CAPM baik di Thailand, Malaysia maupun Indonesia pada portofolio size-B/M maupun portofolio size-momentum.
Pengaruh Financial Knowledge, Fi Pengaruh Financial Knowledge, Financial Behavior, Financial Efficacy dan Risk Tolerance Terhadap Financial Satisfaction
Authors: Pratiwi Octaviany
Published: July 2021

Pengaruh Financial Knowledge, Financial Behavior, Financial Efficacy dan Risk Tolerance Terhadap Financial Satisfaction
Pengaruh Kemajuan Teknologi dan Pengetahuan terhadap Minat Generasi Milenial dalam Berinvestasi di Pasar Modal
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh kemajuan teknologi dan pengetahuan terhadap minat generasi milenial dalam berinvestasi di Pasar Modal Indonesia. Variabel minat investasi merupakan variabel dependen dalam penelitian. Sedangkan kemajuan teknologi, pelatihan, merupakan variabel independen dalam penelitian. Pengolahan data penelitian menggunakan metode regresi berganda melalui software SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil dan simpulan penelitian, pengetahuan investasi memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap minat investasi mahasiswa di pasar modal. Semakin baik pengetahuan investasi di pasar modal, semakin berminat untuk melakukan investasi di pasar modal. Kemajuan teknologi memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap minat investasi di pasar modal.  Ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana memudahkan mahasiswa untuk berinvestasi di pasar modal.

Kata kunci: Kemajuan Teknologi, Pengetahuan, Minat Investasi, Generasi Milenial
COVID-19 and Key Human Rights Principles in Practice: State obligations and business’ responsibilities in responding to the pandemic
Authors: Saunders Joss
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is exacerbating existing human rights violations, and enabling others. However, it is also stimulating opportunities to further the human rights agenda. A robust framing is needed to hold duty bearers to account, and to help governments and communities to build back better. This paper provides an overview of the issues through the lens of 5 key human rights principles. It uses a human rights framing to assist governments, business and civil society to understand their obligations and ways they can help manage the impacts of the pandemic. This is an advance version of the paper for discussion. The paper will be revised to take account of comments and a final version will be published in the coming months.
Transcriptional insights into sugarcane aquaporin genes under water deficit conditions
Authors: KUMAR DEVENDRA
Published: July 2021

Water deficit in soil during formative growth stage adversely hinders the crop productivity. Plant develop a key chain of mechanisms to cope these strains. Characterization of genotypes under water deficit will provide the basis for breeding new germplasm for efficient utilization of water and nutrients and adaptation to water stress. To achieve this, two tolerant (Co 98014 and Co 0118) and two sensitive (CoJ 85 and Co 89003) sugarcane genotypes were assessed for antioxidant responses followed by differential expression of three aquaporin genes (ShPIP2-1, ShPIP-5 and ShPIP2-6) under two water deficit conditions. The MDA and H2O2 contents were significantly higher (p<0.05) in sensitive genotypes as compared to tolerant ones, whereas SOD activity was higher (p<0.05) in tolerant than sensitive genotypes. The transcript analysis of AQPs reveals upregulation of ShPIP2;5, whereas down-regulation of ShPIP2;1 and ShPIP2;6 when plants were imposed to water deficit conditions. The findings under study suggested the role of PIP2 AQPs in regulation of plant water status under water deficit conditions.
Clinical Significance And Potential Mechanisms of The RNA Methyltransferase KIAA1429 In Osteosarcoma
Authors: Sun Yu , Lei Yi-wu , Ji Shu-Fan , Wu Hao , Liu Yun , Wen Sheng-Lian , Wei Ming-Hui , Chen Gang , He Mao-lin
Published: July 2021

Background: KIAA1429, a member of the RNA methyltransferase complex, is involved in cancer progression. However, the clinical significance of KIAA1429 in osteosarcoma (OS) and the underlying mechanisms by which it contributes to disease progression remain unclear. Methods: The clinical significance of KIAA1429 in OS was evaluated based on the RT-qPCR, microarray, RNA sequencing, and published data. Two lentivirus-mediated KIAA1429-targeting siRNA constructs were transfected into SW1353 cells, and CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays were applied to investigate the biological function of KIAA1429 in OS cells. KIAA1429-related genes in OS were identified from lists of co-expressed genes (CEGs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analysis was employed to explore the potential mechanisms by which KIAA1429 contributes to the progression of OS.Results: The mRNA expression of KIAA1429 was notably overexpressed in 250 OS samples than 71 non-cancer samples (SMD=0.74). SROC curve analysis showed that KIAA1429 exhibits diagnostic capacity between OS samples and non-cancer samples (AUC=0.83). Survival analysis showed that overexpression of KIAA1429 was associated with shorter overall survival time. Knocking down KIAA1429 reduced the level of m6A methylation, inhibited proliferation, and accelerated apoptosis in OS cells. A total of 395 KIAA1429-related genes were identified, and were enriched in the cell cycle pathway. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis showed that CDK1, CCNA2, and CCNB1 were KIAA1429-related genes that act as major network hubs in OS. Conclusion: KIAA1429 plays an oncogenic role in OS and may facilitate the progression of OS through a mechanism involving the regulation of CDK1, CCNA2, and CCNB1.
A Scoring System Combining Clinical, Radiological, And Histopathological Examinations For Differential Diagnosis Between Lipoma And Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma
Authors: Asano Yohei , Miwa Shinji , Yamamoto Norio , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Takeuchi Akihiko , Igarashi Kentaro , Yonezawa Hirotaka , Araki Yoshihiro , Morinaga Sei , Nojima Takayuki , Ikeda Hiroko , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: July 2021

This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of clinical, radiological, and histopathological examinations for differential diagnosis between atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT)/well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS) and lipoma, and aimed to develop a new combined scoring system for the preoperative diagnosis of ALT/WDLS. Eighty-nine ALT/WDLS and 56 lipomas were included and their clinical characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, histological findings by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were investigated. Then, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for the findings, and a combined scoring system consisted of predictive factors of ALT/WDLS was developed. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that tumor location (lower extremity), deep site, size (>11cm), thick septa (>2mm), enhancement of septa or nodular lesions, and lipoblasts were significantly different for the diagnosis of ALT/WDLS. We developed a combined scoring system based on the six predictive factors (total 0–16 points, the cutoff was 9 points). The area under the curve was 0.945, and sensitivity was 87.6% and specificity was 91.1% by the receiver operating characteristics curve. This combined scoring system does not require special equipment and reagents such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and anyone can use it easily in many medical institutions with high diagnostic accuracy.
Identification of Transcripts Relating to Host-parasite Interactions and Feeding-associated Activities Through De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing of Branchiuran Fish Lice, Argulus Foliaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Argulus Coregoni Thorell, 1865
Authors: AmbuAli Aisha , Taggart John B. , Bekaert Michael , Wehner Stefanie , Monaghan Sean J. , Bron James E.
Published: July 2021

The genus Argulus comprises obligate ectoparasites known as “fish lice” that cause argulosis and significant mortalities in both wild and cultured fish populations. Our previous proteomic analysis confirmed the presence of immunomodulatory products in the secretory / excretory products (SEPs) of Argulus foliaceus (Linnaeus, 1758). In this study, high-throughput sequencing was employed on host-associated stages of A. foliaceus and A. coregoni Thorell, 1865, with comparisons made to a pre-existing transcriptome dataset for A. siamensis. A total of 84,256,934 reads assembled into 66,940 contigs for A. foliaceus, and 10,840,092 reads to give 40,954 contigs for A. coregoni, comprises the largest current genomic data set for the genus Argulus. GO analysis of the top 100 shared genes revealed A. coregoni to be phylogenetically more closely related to A. foliaceus than to A. siamensis. Using OrthoVenn software 6,674 shared gene clusters were identified, and a number of annotated proteins associated with feeding and immunomodulation in other parasites, including 25 trypsin proteins and 8 venom serine proteases amongst others, were discovered. This transcriptomic analysis has contributed to the identification of proteins / genes in Argulus, and the Branchiura more widely, previously characterised as being important immune mediators for other aquatic and terrestrial blood-feeding arthropods.
Predictors of Glycemic Control Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in North West Ethiopia: a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Shita Nigusie Gashaye , Iyasu Ashagrie Sharew
Published: July 2021

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with hyperglycemia for a long period are significant causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Studying the predictors of glycemic control helps to minimize deaths and the development of acute and chronic diabetes complication. Hence, this study aims to assess predictors of glycemic control among patients with Type 2 diabetes in Ethiopia.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients enrolled between December 2011 and December 2012 at Debre Markos and Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital. A total of 191 T2DM patients were included in the study meets the eligibility criteria. A generalized linear mixed model was employed. Results: The prevalence of good glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients was 58.4% whereas 23.25% of the variation was explained in the fitted model due to adding the random effects. The significance predictors of glycemic control among patients with Type 2 diabetes at 95% confidence level were reside in rural(0.454, 0.614)), patients age 38-50, 51-59 and 60-66 years(1.267,1.776), (1.057,1.476) and (1.004, 1.403), respectively, Proteinuria Positive (1.211, 1.546), diastolic blood pressure ≥90 (1.101, 1.522), systolic blood pressure ≥140 (1.352, 1.895), creatinine (0.415, 0.660), duration per visit (0.913, 0.987), duration since diagnosis (0.985, 0.998), weight 78-88(0.603, 0.881).Conclusion: The level of glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients was poor. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients having higher age of the patient, higher weight, reside in rural, longer duration of T2DM since diagnosis, longer duration of type 2DM per visit, increase creatinine, positive protein urea, diastolic blood pressure≥90, and systolic blood pressure≥140 were significant predictors of poor glycemic control among type 2 DM patients. During diabetic patients follow up, clinicians should give appropriate attention to these significant variables for good glycemic control since it is the main goal of diabetes management.