bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nomenclature of Metals and Alloys from Sarmatian Burial Grounds of the Lower Volga Region of the 2nd Century BC – First Half of the 2nd Century AD, According to XRF Data
Authors: Saprykina Irina ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

The work presents the results of an analysis of the chemical composition of 82 objects from non-ferrous and precious metals dating from the 4th century BC – the first half of the 2nd century AD and originating from the excavation of funeral monuments located in the Lower Volga region. Basically, the analysis of the chemical composition of non-ferrous metal was carried out for objects characteristic of the ordinary population of the region: mirrors, jewelry, clothing or household items, and details of horse harnesses; importantly, sampling was random. The data obtained by the XRF method are very interesting and demonstrate a change in the nomenclature of leading alloys. So, for the period of the 2nd century BC – the border of eras, there is a significant number of objects from tin as well as from tin-lead bronze, with a slight presence of products from a multicomponent alloy, an alloy with arsenic. For the period of the 1st – the first half of the 2nd century AD, there is a significant change in the leading types of alloys: zinc-containing alloys such as two- and three-component brass dominate the sample; also significantly increased the share of triple bronze, highly alloyed with lead; there are also products made of copper and tin bronze. Silver products made of silver from different samples are present in all stages. Analysis of alloying components and impurities in the identified alloys made it possible to distinguish in the sample of the 2nd century BC –the border of eras, the influence of the North Caucasian center of non-ferrous metalworking; recorded changes in the nomenclature of alloys of the 1st – the first half of the 2nd century AD arose, most likely, under the influence of the North Black Sea center of non-ferrous metalworking. The presence of high-zinc brass objects in the sample during the period of the 1st – the first half of the 2nd century AD also does not exclude the receipt of this type of brass from the production center located in Central Asia, which is characterized by an extremely high zinc content in the alloy.
RESEARCH OF CHANGES IN THE POWER OF CAR FLOW AT THE SHUTTING STATION DURING THE PERIOD OF MILITARY ACTIONS
Authors: PAPAKHOV O. , BARKALOVA N. , GREVTSOV S. , SERHIIENKO M. , KIRICHOK R.
Published: July 2024

It is impossible to solve the problem of improving the system of organizing car flows in trains at the current level of information support without creating an information and management system that will integrate into a single information and computing space the most important optimization tasks covering all levels of managing the process of freight transportation on railway transport, such as such as the calculation of the routing of car flows from loaded and empty cars, the calculation of the plan for the formation of freight trains at the training ground of the main technical stations, the calculation of the plan for the formation of local trains in the areas of local work, and the construction of adjusted operational plans for the operation of stations.
The aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine fundamentally changed the system of railway transport of Ukraine. The volume of cargo transportation by rail transport during military operations in the east of Ukraine decreased by 37% in 2022, but already in 2023, an increase in the transportation of some types of cargo began, in particular, grain cargo, mineral construction materials, dangerous bulk cargoes, military equipment. Transportation of goods by railways of Ukraine, especially during military operations, is not carried out evenly over a long period of time and has fluctuations in the capacity of car flows. The updated directions of their tracking, which depend on the technical condition of the railway infrastructure for the current period, lead to a change in the direction of tracking of car flows and, as a consequence, their organization into trains according to the formation plan at technical stations.
The conducted studies established that the capacities of car flows are random values, therefore it is advisable to use mathematical statistics methods for their description, and modeling methods for forecasting work with them. Those car flows that arrive at the sorting station most of all fall under the geometric law of distribution of a random variable depending on the power of the direction of arrival, which has a significant impact on the accumulation parameter at the station.
Fluctuations in the capacity of car flows are quite significant and depend on a sufficiently large number of factors. For the operational planning of the work of sorting stations, it is necessary to take the characteristics of the current state or a sample of data for short periods (a decade, a week), that is, it is necessary to constantly analyze the data from the ASK of the VP UZ - there is, therefore, a study of the capacity of car flows in the technical station during the period of changing their directions is an actual task and can be used to adjust the dispatcher routing and the plan for the formation of single-group and group freight trains.
RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF SWITCH’S CONTROL SCHEMES
Authors: SHCHEKA V. , YASHCHUK K. , ZHURAVLOV A. , SABLIN O.
Published: July 2024

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to conduct an analysis of the reliability of the control schemes of the electric arrow drive with the aim of optimizing and modernizing them to increase the reliability indicators. To show an approach to optimizing the control circuits of an electric turnout that is advantageous from an operational point of view, the implementation of fewer control circuits will minimize the number of failures. To demonstrate a principled circuit solution for optimizing the control circuit of an electric turner with the use of separate redundancy with always-on redundancy and integer multiplicity. Methods. During the research, methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, probability theory, and reliability theory were used. Findings. The paper analyzes the types of re-reservation as a way to increase the reliability of the arrow control scheme. A comparative study of the reliability of various options for reserving the turnout control scheme was carried out in comparison with the classic situation on the railways of Ukraine - the absence of a reserve. It has been proven that the use of separate redundancy with always-on reserve and integer multiplicity provides the maximum increase in reliability, but the significant amount of necessary equipment significantly reduces the economic attractiveness of this method. On the other hand, the use of separate redundancy with substitution and fractional multiplicity (sliding redundancy) gives a positive result only if one redundancy unit serves no more than 15 turnout electric drives, otherwise the overall reliability of the subsystem may decrease. The optimization of the arrow control subsystem at the station is proposed, which requires the use of only six arrow control schemes, one of which is a sliding reserve. The influence of different types of redundancy on the reliability indicators of the arrow control scheme is considered. The most effective option for optimizing the arrow control subsystem has been determined. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the well-founded sufficiency of using only six arrow control schemes in combination with the use of sliding redundancy of the arrow control scheme for the control of arrows when disbanding warehouses on the sorting slide. The proposed method makes it possible to increase the reliability of the arrow control subsystem while maintaining the operational parameters of the station. Practical significance. The practical significance of the results lies in the fact that when using the proposed optimization, the resource use of hill automation devices is improved, the maintenance process is simplified, and the total cost of equipment and maintenance costs are reduced.
Economic Factors Influencing Homicide Rates: A European Perspective
Authors: Gazilas Emmanouil Taxiarchis ,   University of Piraeus
Published: July 2024

Intentional homicide rates represent a critical societal issue, impacting public safety and social stability across Europe. Understanding the socio-economic factors underlying these crimes is paramount for effective policy intervention. This research aims to investigate the socio-economic determinants of intentional homicides in 15 European countries over the period 2010-2021, providing insights into the complex relationship between economic indicators and violent crime rates. The study hypothesizes that economic prosperity, government debt, and access to financial services significantly influence intentional homicide rates, with countries exhibiting higher levels of economic development and financial inclusion experiencing lower homicide rates. Utilizing robust statistical and econometric techniques, including regression analysis and correlation matrices, the research examines the relationships between various socio-economic indicators and intentional homicide rates. Data spanning from national tax authorities, statistical agencies, and international organizations are meticulously analyzed to uncover meaningful patterns and associations. The findings reveal compelling associations between economic indicators and intentional homicide rates. Higher GDP per capita and greater financial inclusion are correlated with lower homicide rates, while elevated levels of government debt exhibit a negative association with homicide rates. These results underscore the multifaceted nature of crime dynamics and highlight the importance of considering broader socio-economic factors in understanding violent crime patterns. The study contributes to both theoretical knowledge and practical policymaking by offering insights into the socio-economic determinants of intentional homicides. These findings can inform evidence-based policy interventions aimed at promoting social stability and enhancing public safety across Europe, emphasizing the importance of addressing underlying economic factors in crime prevention strategies.
Assessment of the Impact of Health Capital on Earnings and Subjective Well-Being of the Employed Population in Russia
Authors: Semenova Irina I. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Tian Alyona Yu. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: July 2024

Subjective well-being is an important guideline for state socio-economic policy. However, the influence of health capital and the level of satisfaction with various aspects of life on this factor has not been sufficiently studied. The study is aimed at identifying the role of health capital as a productive factor in the Russian economy and assessing its impact on the subjective well-being of the employed population in Russia. Research methods include regression analysis using Mincer-type equations. Microdata from the Rosstat Comprehensive Observation of Living Conditions of the Population are used as the empirical basis, among which indicators of subjective well-being (satisfaction with the quality of infrastructure, environment and work) and indicators of health capital (self-assessment of health, the ability to live an active life and the presence of chronic diseases) are highlighted. The results of the study showed that health capital was a productive factor for the employed population of Russia aged 25 to 60 from 2011 to 2022, cumulatively increasing earnings by more than 10%. Subjective well-being contributes to an increase in wages from 22% to 50%: satisfaction with the quality of available infrastructure increases income by 22 - 33%, and job satisfaction - by 23 - 50%. In turn, health capital also has a significant positive impact on subjective well-being – the respondents who rate their health highly rate job satisfaction and the quality of available infrastructure by 1.5–3% higher. The presence of a chronic illness, on the contrary, reduces satisfaction according to these indicators by 1.5–2%. The results of the study support the theoretical foundations of health capital, demonstrating that it is a productive factor in the Russian labor market even under the conditions of a tense geopolitical situation and sanction pressure. The results of the study can be used to assess the effectiveness of regional and corporate policies in the field of health capital management and develop strategies for achieving subjective well-being.
Modeling Consumer Choice between Public and Private Health Care in Russia
Authors: Davitadze Arsen P. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: July 2024

Demand for public and private health care services is formed through consumer decision-making in two situations: to seek or not to seek medical help and which medical institution to attend. Theory suggests that choices in these situations occur sequentially and are explained by Andersen's behavioral model. This study tests these theoretical assumptions using three econometric approaches on the Russian National Health Telephone Survey 2022 data: (1) two separate probit regressions, (2) sample selection probit, and (3) nested logit. Nested logit confirmed the relevance of all demand-side characteristics (Andersen's model factors). Being male, older, and having health problems were associated with decreased probability of seeking health care and choosing private clinics. Being married, having a high level of education, being employed, having a medium or high monthly income, and living in larger cities were associated with increased probability of seeking health care and attending private clinics. Robustness check of the nested logit model accounted for the varying levels of availability of health care facilities in different cities. Despite the differences in the availability of public and private medical organizations, trends in consumer behavior remained the same. The author proposes to expand the practice of using nested logit models to analyze the behavior of consumers of medical services using data from Russia and other countries. Recommendations for increasing the efficiency of the Russian health care system and reducing inequality in its use by different consumer groups include transforming attitudes of Russians to their own health and promoting the accessibility of health care.
Robotization as a Factor of Russian Firms’ Adaptation to Non-Economic Shocks
Authors: Kuzyk Mikhail G. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Sergeeva Kira P. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: July 2024

Robotization and automation of various industries is one of the main technological trends of the past decade. However, the contribution of robotization to firms' success in the COVID-19 crisis has been far from fully explored to date. In addition, there is a lack of empirical studies on the impact of robotics on companies’ operation under the shock of the sanctions of 2022. The article is devoted to the analysis of factors and effects of robotization of Russian manufacturing companies in the context of recent shocks. Three hypotheses are put forward to be empirically tested: (1) in the pandemic and post-pandemic period, robotization was more characteristic of large businesses than of small and medium-sized firms; (2) firms that used robots overcame the crisis more successfully; (3) robotized firms performed better under the 2022 sanctions. The research approach consists of the empirical analysis (through regression modeling) of data from a survey of 1,900 Russian manufacturing companies’ CEOs conducted in the second half of 2022. The authors found a positive relationship between robot adoption after 2019 and the business size. It is shown that in the COVID-19 crisis robotization was an important factor in preserving employment. The authors also found a significant positive relation between the success of companies in passing the COVID-19 and sanctions shocks and their use of imported equipment. The study provides new insights into the factors of Russian firms’ robotization in the pandemic and post-pandemic period, as well as the specifics of their adaptation to shocks in 2020 and 2022. From a practical point of view, the most important results are the evidence obtained on the widening digital divide between SMEs and large firms, as well as on the contribution of the use of imported capital goods to the resiliency of Russian firms.
AFFECTIVE TIES AND LEGAL BOUNDARIES: FAMILIES AND THE FAMILY BETWEEN LAW AND TRADITION IN ITALY AND ROMANIA
Authors: Rath Boșca Laura Dumitrana , Miraglia Francesco
Published: July 2024

The fundamental pillar of any society is the family. The family provides its members with security, stability and excitement. The family is the environment in which we form our personality, acquire values and skills. In the family we learn about love, responsibility, communication and respect, how to develop our emotional and social skills and how to form a balanced identity. Most individuals believe that family is the value that gives meaning to life. From a legal point of view, the family is that group of people between whom there are rights and obligations that arise from marriage, kinship but also from other relationships that the law assimilates to family relationships. Thus, as Prof. Dr. Ion Filipescu said, the family is a legal reality because it is regulated by legal norms. Considering the fact that legal rules are closely related to the history, culture, economy and social evolution specific to each state, the legal rules governing the family vary from one state to another.
PREVENTING AND COMBATING CRIMES COMMITTED IN THE SPHERE OF FAMILY RELATIONS – AS A FORM OF PREVENTION AND COMBATING THE PRACTICE OF MERCENARY ACTIVITY
Authors: Soroceanu Igor
Published: July 2024

The activity of police bodies is always at the centre of attention. This can be manifested in various forms, either by maintaining, ensuring and restoring public order, by preventing and combating certain types of illegal acts, or by carrying out specific criminal prosecution and special investigative actions, as well as other activities specific to the police field. Therefore, the activity of preventing and combating crimes committed in the sphere of family relations is a sensitive subject, which can have emotional consequences for each of us. The people involved in conflicts in the family field, unfortunately, do not know that these illegalities can have particularly serious consequences, including committing other types of crimes. Thus, in the following order, we propose to analyze how the prevention and combating of crimes committed in the sphere of family relations can lead to the prevention and combating of the crime of mercenary activity.
PATHWAYS TO PROSPERITY AND SUSTAINABILITY: ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND GHG EMISSIONS IN AZERBAIJAN IN THE CONTEXT OF COP 29
Authors: Mahmudov Nijat
Published: July 2024

Ahead of Azerbaijan's hosting of COP 29, this paper examines the impacts of transport infrastructure investments in Azerbaijan on economic growth and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, using the data of the official reports of the Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the World Bank, the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis tool was used to reveal the potential impact of investments in transportation infrastructure. The main essence of this study is to examine the strategic investment projects aimed at modernizing the transportation networks of Azerbaijan and its ambitious effects. The nation's vision is not limited to infrastructural development, but also strives to achieve sustainable progress by establishing itself as a global leader in promoting environmentally conscious activities. Through political certainty and international cooperation, Azerbaijan is trying to show itself as a leader in promoting sustainable development in the context of 29th Conference of the Parties (COP 29). The research aims to examine how the planned development of transport infrastructure drives economic progress with a focus on climate impacts. This article revealed the significant role of investments in transport infrastructure in fostering economic growth in Azerbaijan, particularly through positive effects on the non-oil GDP growth rate. However, it found that these investments did not lead to substantial reductions in GHG emissions, indicating a lack of corresponding environmental benefits. This underscores the complex interplay between infrastructure development and environmental sustainability, highlighting the necessity for a balanced approach in policy implementation.
TERRORISM: THE CHALLENGE OF AVIATION SECURITY
Authors: Nicolas Radu-Chiru
Published: July 2024

The paper explores a chronological account of major aviation-related terrorist incidents, including the hijacking of aircraft and attacks such as those on September 11, 2001. These events underscore the vulnerabilities within civil aviation security and highlight the psychological impact of such attacks. This study emphasizes the need for advanced technologies and stringent national and international regulations to combat aviation terrorism. It discusses the evolution of aviation security measures, the importance of a holistic approach involving airlines, airport authorities, security forces, and governmental bodies, and the necessity of information sharing and best practices adoption. Additionally, the paper addresses the economic implications of aviation security, advocating for better data collection and analysis to optimize resource allocation and enhance overall safety. The ongoing development of aviation security strategies, driven by evolving threats and technological advancements, is critical for safeguarding passengers and ensuring the resilience of the global aviation industry against terrorist threats.
Payment fairness and eco-friendly behavior intention of the consumer group according to willingness to pay for eco-friendly charges: Focusing on delivery and take-out
Authors: Park Hee-Won , Chong Yu-Kyeong ,   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea
Published: July 2024

Environmental problems caused by waste due to the increased use of delivery and take-out have become important social issues. Consequently, the Ministry of Environment is preparing an implementation plan for eco-friendly charges to regulate the use of disposable items. This study examines payment fairness and eco-friendly behavior intentions based on willingness to pay for each type of eco-friendly charge implemented in delivery and takeout services. The types of eco-friendly charges were divided into two categories: disposable container usage fees and reusable container deposits. Cluster analysis identified three consumer groups: [group actively paying eco-friendly charges], [group preferring reusable container deposits], and [group passively paying eco-friendly charges]. The results showed that perceived payment fairness influenced eco-friendly behavior intentions in the [group actively paying eco-friendly charges] and the [group preferring reusable container deposits], but not in the [group passively paying eco-friendly charges]. It was found that the more consumers perceive the eco-friendly charge as fair, the more likely they are to engage in eco-friendly behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to guide and educate consumers on how eco-friendly charges are implemented and their environmental impact to encourage active participation.
Analysis of Mukbang trends using BIGKinds: A focus on yearly keywords
Authors: Ahn Sohyun , Hwang Johye ,   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea
Published: July 2024

The phenomenon of Mukbang, which stands for “eating broadcast,” has gained significant popularity worldwide due to advancements in internet technology and the widespread adoption of social media platforms. This study aims to understand the overall trends and evolution of the Mukbang phenomenon by analyzing 70,495 articles from 104 sources in the BIGKinds database (2012-2023). The results indicate that Mukbang has evolved from an internet broadcast to a global cultural phenomenon. Initially, Mukbang started as a communication style centered around popular Broadcast Jockeys (BJs) and became mainstream with the participation of celebrities, playing a crucial role in expanding the global influence of Korean culture through various platforms. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Mukbang’s popularity grew even more due to increased online activity and interest in K-food. Furthermore, the inclusion of Mukbang in the Collins and Oxford dictionaries confirms the global influence of Korean Mukbang culture. Over time, Mukbang has undergone various changes, with new trends emerging, such as a shift from shows focused on binge eating to those centered on restrained eating. Throughout this process, Mukbang has played an important role in promoting Korean culture globally and has contributed to forming a new cultural identity. Consequently, the findings of this research are expected to provide direction for future Mukbang consumption patterns, offer useful guidelines for content creators, and contribute to further expanding the global influence of K-food.
İbn Nefis'in Nübüvvet Anlayışı
Authors: Turgut Ali Kürşat
Published: July 2024

İbn Nefîs, XXIII. yüz yılda yaşamış, döneminin meşhur hekimlerinden biridir. Onun Fâzıl b. Nâtık adlı eseri, Hayy b. Yakzân’larla başlayan teolojik/felsefî roman geleneğinin devamı niteliğindedir. Bu makale, İbn Nefîs’in nübüvvet konusunda belli başlı meselelere dair özgün yorumunu ele almaktadır. Onun nübüvvetin gerekliliği, peygamber göndermenin faydaları ve son peygambere ait bazı özelliklerle ilgili açıklamalarını karşılaştırma mantığı içinde değerlendirmeye çalışacağız. Yapılan bu karşılaştırmalarla, bazen İbn Nefîs’in diğer düşünürlerle benzer kanaatlere sahip olduğunu ortaya koyarken, bazen de onun diğer düşünürlerden farklı olan veya bir konuya öncülük yaptığı açıklamalarını vermeye çalışacağız. Böylece İbn Nefîs’in İslam düşünce tarihindeki önemi de belirgin hale gelmiş olacaktır.
ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR COLLARING LARGE-DIAMETER SECTIONS OF OIL AND GAS WELLS
Authors: Valitov R.R. , Lind Yu.B.
Published: July 2024

The article considers issues on construction of deep oil and gas multi-column wells with an extended trunk. Drilling of such wells is relevant, for example, on offshore fields, where drilling from the shore with a vertical deviation of over 1000 m is much more economically feasible than from floating vehicles.For drilling wells with an extended trunk and passing through zones incompatible with drilling for geological reasons, it is necessary to begin construction of a well with landing a large diameter direction – often up to 720 mm. The article analyzes the emerging problems and ways to solve them by drilling large-diameter wells and landing casing string. The results of practical experience in conducting work in the Pechora Sea and at the Astrakhan gas condensate field are summarized, on the basis of which recommendations for carrying out similar works are given.When constructing wells, especially starting with a large diameter, it is not always possible to drill a well efficiently, even with drilling equipment ideally suited to specific geological and technological conditions. And this, in turn, can lead to losses of production time and materials, and in the extreme case – to emergency works. Based on the analysis carried out, the article proposes an algorithm of technological operations for drilling wells and landing large diameter directions, which increases the probability of successful drilling to the design depth.
ANALYSIS OF OIL RESERVES PRODUCTION AT THE BP8 DEVELOPMENT OBJECT OF THE TARASOVSKOYE OIL AND GAS CONDENSATE FIELD
Authors: Gaynetdinov R.Kh. , Andreev A.E. , Kutukov N.S. , Ronzhin E.Yu. , Yakupov R.Sh. , Kamskova Yu.M. , Asylgareev I.N.
Published: July 2024

Based on the example of the analysis of the development of the oil facility BP8 of the Tarasovskoye oil and gas condensate field, geological and technological factors that can cause a low current oil recovery factor with a high water cut of the product are considered. It is assumed that: 1) the low waterflood coverage coefficient is associated with artificial fracturing at the initial stage of development which led to a change in the type of reservoir from primary pore to porous-fractured; 2) a decrease in the displacement coverage coefficient is associated with the permeability heterogeneity of the object; 3) swelling of clay particles under the influence of injected fresh water led to a decrease in the displacement coefficient. An analysis of the development of the facility shows that without the use of new effective technological solutions for involving in the development of capillary-pinched oil reserves of the porous-fractured reservoir of the BP8 object, the final technological oil recovery factor will not exceed 0.240 instead of the approved 0.425. To increase development efficiency, it is recommended to carry out pilot work on drilling horizontal wells with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing, equipped with inflow control devices based on intelligent inflow indicators.
La bitácora. Un diario de construcción
Authors: Uribe Escobar Álvaro
Published: July 2024

Este es un libro técnico, rebosante por lo tanto de conceptos, definiciones, métodos y esquemas. Pero es también una novela, con su trama, anécdotas y descripciones, en la que lo emocional salpica a cada paso su contenido. No es un tratado para eruditos, por lo cual el lector no va a encontrar una sola cita bibliográfica. Es más bien un ejercicio de fantasía, basado en la experiencia, sobre cómo debería ser la etapa de planificación de una obra de construcción. Es un libro pensado para quien recién llega al mundo de la construcción y quiere desempeñarse en el oficio de una manera responsable y eficaz, y, de paso, conocer cómo es una obra por dentro. También es un motivo de reflexión para el constructor experto que quiere ser parte de una verdadera industria debidamente planificada y controlada.
In vitro co-culture systemusing a fiber-supported liquid approach v1
Authors: Calle Alejandro , Adelberg Jeffrey , Schnabel Guido , Naylor-Adelberg Jacqueline , Gelain Jhulia , Karakoc Yeter , Weaver Jared , Saski Christopher , Gasic Ksenija
Published: July 2024

In vitro co-culture techniques that allow the growth of plants and pathogens under controlled environmental conditions are being used to re-create host plant infection. These approaches reduce infection times, promote reproducibility, and enable a rapid evaluation of plant-pathogen interactions. As a result, these systems have become essential in breeding programs aimed at developing plant resistance to diseases. In this study, we developed and validated an in vitro co-culture system to investigate the Armillaria root rot (ARR) affecting Prunus spp. This disease, caused by fungi Armillaria spp. and Desarmillaria caespitosa, posesa severe threat to the stone and nut fruit industry due to the susceptibility of most commercial rootstocks to infection and the lack of effective management options for its control. The system consists of a fiber-supported liquid approach in sterile plastic vessels that allows a fast and reproducible fungal infection under controlled environmental conditions. The floor of the vessels was covered with a polyester-fiber matte and a germination paper that served as an interface between the mycelia and the plant roots. The vessels were subjected to inoculation with Armillaria mellea and D. caespitosa, and three Prunus genotypes (‘Guardian‱’, ‘MP-29’, and Prunus cerasifera ‘14-4’) were co-cultured with both fungi. Disease progression and plant and fungal biomass were monitored during co-culture. The presented in vitro co-culture approach facilitates the concurrent growth of Armillaria/Desarmillaria spp. and Prunus spp., excluding most of the limitations associated with greenhouses and field experiments. This system provides consistent and reproducible conditions for investigating a prominent plant disease affecting Prunus spp.
Application of Pontryagin principle for optimal shutdown of a nuclear power reactor
Authors: Semenov V.K. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Ivanova N.B. , Chernyaeva I.I. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University
Published: July 2024

The theory of optimal control is based on two approaches, the dynamic programming method (Bellman equation) and Pontryagin maximum principle. Pontryagin maximum principle is applied in the physics of nuclear reactors when optimizing various transient processes. The mathematical justification of this theory is based on the elements of convex analysis, which is not used by physicists and engineers, so the physical issues are less studied in scientific literature. The subject of the study is a nuclear power reactor of the WWER type. The problem of minimizing its shutdown time, bypassing the iodine pit is solved and it is possible to start up the reactor at any moment after its shutdown. Analytical and numerical methods are used. The paper considers an example of applying the maximum principle for optimal control of the process of shutting down a nuclear reactor bypassing the iodine pit. A physical mathematical model of the Pontryagin principle is formulated. The process of optimal control of reactor shutdown for large and small reactivity margins is justified and calculated. Pontryagin principle does not contain an algorithm to find an optimization process; the stages of the process must be selected based on physical considerations, but these stages must satisfy the specified principle. Based on the Pontryagin principle, the results of the study make it possible to draw up a step-by-step action plan when shutting down a WWER-type reactor with any value of the reactivity margin and its switching is possible at any time after the transition process, which avoids downtime. The proposed plan can be used both in mathematical modeling of transient processes in a reactor and in reactor control systems to improve its controllability and, consequently, to improve safety.
Vladimir Solovyov and Vyacheslav Ivanov: Principles of Philosophical Hermeneutics and the Tradition of Plato’s Dialogues
Authors: Titarenko S.D. ,   Saint Petersburg State University
Published: July 2024

The article is dedicated to the problem of comparative study of the hermeneutics principles in religious-philosophical and literary-critical discourse of Vladimir Solovyov and Vyacheslav Ivanov. It is shown that Plato’s dialogue traditions in the works of Ivanov were intellectual reflections and expressed “Plato’s turn” in hermeneutical tradition of text interpretation that outlined in Russian religious philosophy. Special comparative study of this problem had not been conducted. It is proved that Ivanov’s interest to Plato’s dialogues derived from various sources. Solovyov’s works and translations of Plato’s works in Russia played a major role in it. Solovyov was a translator and commentator of Socratic dialogues of the ancient Greek philosopher. His introductory chapters made for Plato’s dialogue translations, his literary and philosophical criticism are considered in the article. Materials form Ivanov’s personal archive are analyzed and they show that he was interested in Plato’s dialogues “Timaeus”, “Phaedrus” and others. His articles, lectures, under-investigated materials and the books “Dionysus and Pre-Dionysianism” (1923) and “Dostoevsky. Tragedy-Myth-Mysticism” (1932) are considered. A.F. Losev’s works on ancient philosophy and his research on Solovyov and works of F. Schleiermache, H.G. Gadamer and became the object of the comparative analysis. It is shown that Plato’s dialectics and dialogues became major source for development of philosophical hermeneutics principles for Solovyov, Ivanov and Losev. It is shown that a myth in Solovyov’s, Ivanov’s and Losev’s works as well as in Plato’s dialogues becomes a category of thinking, a way of religious-philosophical perception, a form of artistic representation of the image-symbol and a basis of hermeneutical dialectic understanding. Solovyov and Ivanov’s view on Plato and Platonism is important for studying the development of hermeneutic ideas in Russian philosophy and literature studies.
“Thought”, “mind”, “thinking” in the poems of Pushkin, Lermontov, Solovjov, Losev
Authors: Koshemchuk T.A. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University
Published: July 2024

The article identifies and analyzes, for the first time, one of the permanent motives of Russian lyrics – the motive of thinking. The thematic lines of the classical period (God, world, man, poet's path) are rooted in the religious tradition; the poets' reflections on thought are stimulated by the demand for attention to inner life and to the mind in the practice of Christian life. The process of thinking becomes the object of intellectual reflection of poets under the influence of German philosophy. Thought, as one of the phenomena of the world, enters into a wide sphere of poetic perceptions, becomes an object of contemplation primarily in the works of Pushkin and Lermontov. Numerous lexemes “to think” in the XVIII century were used outside the philosophical context; the analyzed reflections of the poets of the XIX century form a kind of poetic epistemology – the knowledge of thought. The motive of thinking that runs through all Russian lyrics is presented in the article as a separate aspect of philosophical poetry as a whole, it forms the metatext that is significant for describing the poet's worldview. Solovyov and Losev gained the experience of both contemplative and mental comprehension of the truth. In Solovyov's poems, thinking is the basis and generating condition for visions. In Losev's poetic treatise “Justification”, the mind is affirmed as the mental basis of the heart's life, and love in its elevation to meaning – as the mind. Thus, the philosophical poets expressed in poetry the fruitful unity of two paths that are significant for Russian culture as a whole – mind and heart, intellectual reflection and contemplation, philosophical thought and poetic image.
CHILE: HOW TO BECOME AN ECONOMIC STAR OF THE PACIFIC REGION?
Authors: Ignatiev Pavlo ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tsyrfa Iuliia ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2024

Chile is the state actor that became the regional power to be reckoned with despite a relatively small population and tense geopolitical relations with three neighbours – Argentina, Peru, and Bolivia, – while the pecularities of the national topography make the task of economic development considerably harder. Moreover, at the first sight, the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet with its notorious repressions hardly could lure foreign investors. The article explains which commodities and services helped the country to reach one of the highest per capita levels in South America The authors focus on the specific features of Chile’s geopolitical location by highlighting key points of its political and economic interactions with Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru, and also identify important segments of the state’s tourism business which turn it into a significant point of cultural and tourist development in the Latin American region. In this vein, the importance of cooperation between Chile and other states in the region in the field of air transportation is emphasized, since this collaboration allows them to actually dominate the airspace and establish numerous tourist and cargo transportations. The importance of mining which allows Chile establishing cooperation with other regional actors in this sector is emphasized. In addition, the authors highlight the sphere of agriculture where Chilean farmers emphasize fishing, fruit growing and wine production, as well as the subsequent export of these goods abroad due to the small consumption capacity of the domestic market. Considering Chile’s foreign policy interactions with external partners, the authors stress the importance of cooperation with China and the US. These states are noted to have a significant influence on the development of the Chilean economy because they cooperate with it in all critically important sectors. However, the uncontrolled growth of Chinese import flows and the excessive presence of Chinese multinational corporations in the territory of Chile cause certain concerns both in Chile and on the part of the United States. Nevertheless, the authors conclude that the state’s balanced economic policy in the region allowed Chile to gain a worthy place in the economic structure of Latin American trade and increase the pace of its own development.
Evaluation of Data Fitting Approaches for Speed/Flow Density Relationships
Authors: Rohaert Arthur , Wahlqvist Jonathan , Najmanová Hana , Bode Nikolai , Ronchi Enrico
Published: July 2024

This paper presents guidance on data-fitting approaches in the context of pedestrian and evacuation dynamics research. In particular, it examines parametric and non-parametric regression techniques for analysing speed/flow density relationships. Parametric models assume predefined functional forms, while non-parametric models provide flexibility to capture complex relationships. This paper evaluates a range of traditional statistical approaches and machine-learning techniques. It emphasises the importance of weighting unbalanced datasets to enhance model accuracy. Practical applications are illustrated using traffic and pedestrian evacuation data.
This paper is intended to stimulate discussion on best practices for developing, calibrating, and testing macroscopic and microscopic evacuation models. It does not prescribe a one-size-fits-all solution for evacuation data fitting approaches, but it provides an overview of existing methods and analyses their advantages and limitations.
Multimorbid pathology at psoriasis (scientific review)
Authors: Alikbaev Timur Z. , Sayganov Sergey A. , Raznatovskiy Konstantin I.
Published: July 2024

Chronic auto-inflammatory process in psoriasis is associated with the involvement of internal organs and systems, as well as the development of several systemic disorders: heart failure, psoriatic arthritis, diabetes, obesity, etc. In this regard, the purpose of our study is to integrate information about comorbid and concomitant pathology in patients with psoriasis. Data on the biological aspects of the increased risk of occurrence and adverse cardiovascular outcome of myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular mortality in patients with psoriasis are supported by clinical observations on the relationship of the course of coronary heart disease with the area of skin lesion. The association between the presence of obesity and an increased level of proinflammatory cytokines has been confirmed, which may be one of the triggers for the development of psoriatic arthritis associated with early disability of patients with psoriasis. There was a greater incidence of non-response to psoriasis treatment among obese patients. Cardiovascular complications are the most common cause of death for patients with psoriasis. Identifying common combinations of comorbid and concomitant diseases in the main chronic disease can serve as a basis for the development of tactics and criteria for patient management in order to optimize treatment.
Effects of job attitudes on withdrawal behaviors
Authors: Čikeš Vedrana , Črnjar Kristina , Maškarin Ribarić Helga
Published: July 2024

The hotel industry, like other service sectors, faces significant challenge in managingwithdrawal behaviors, due to their substantial impact on performance andprofitability. This paper investigates the relationship between two job attitudes –organizational commitment and job involvement – and two withdrawal behaviors –absenteeism and intention to leave. The study utilized a random sample of 734 hotelemployees in Croatia. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict absenteeismand turnover intentions. Statistically significant negative relationships were foundbetween affective and normative commitment and absenteeism, as well as affective,normative and continuance commitment and turnover intentions. However, nosignificant effect was found between job involvement and absenteeism, although astrong and negative relationship exists between job involvement and turnoverintentions. Additionally, a positive relationship was identified between jobinvolvement and all components of organizational commitment. These findings canprovide a foundation for human resource management and decision-makingprocesses in the hotel industry, offering insights into employee attitudes, and can bea pushover in the creation of strategies to manage undesirable employee behaviors.
Study of liver abscess in pediatrics patients in tertiary health care institute
Authors: Sharma Pramila , Mittal Rohit , Varma Vankam Aseesh , Singh Devendra
Published: July 2024

liver abscess is mostly occurring due to the infection of bacteria, parasite like amoeba. The incidence of amoebic liver abscess varies all over the world and most of cases found in developing countries remain unreported.

study of liver abscess in pediatric patients in tertiary health care institute.

This was a prospective study, carried out in 64 at our tertiary care center, J K Lon Hospital, SMS Medical College, Jaipur from May 2022 to April 2023. We collect all data related to patients like demography, clinical features, laboratory finding, and imaging records and recorded on a pre-decided proforma.

There were 64 patients (36 male, 56.25% and 28 females, 43.75%), The male to female ratio was 1.25:1. The mean age of presentation was 7.5 years. The common presenting symptom was anorexia in 55 (85.93%) cases. Most common symptom was abdominal pain in 60 (93.75%) cases, fever 58 (90.625%), and vomiting in 40 (62.5%%) cases. Diarrhoea was present in 5 patients. Anemia was most common clinical sign in present in 40 (62.5%) patients, weight loss 38 (59.37%). Respiratory distress was present in 4 (6.25%) due to pleural effusion and peritonitis cases. Jaundice was present in 5 (7.81%) . 5 case [7.81%] of patients had raised bilirubin and 28 patients [43.75%] had raised alkaline phosphatase levels. Raised SGOT and SGPT was 43.75 %. 34 patients of Amoebic liver abscess and 30 of Pyogenic liver abscess. 53.12% (34 cases) patients had amoebic liver abscess in the right lobe. less than 50 cc size of abscess was present in 24 patients (37.5%) cases. Most of the patients have cavity size 50-150cc. more than 200cc cavity found only in 10 cases. Average cavity size is 166cc. peritoneal ruptured liver abscess in 2 cases [3.12%%] had features of peritonitis, pleural effusion in 2 cases with complain of respiratory difficulties. Conservative medical management was done in 2 patients, USG guided needle aspiration 20 patients and 40 patients underwent pigtail catheter insertion. 12 fr pigtail catheter insertion was done in 30 patients and 10 patients underwent double pigtail catheter insertion. Exploration and drainage of liver abscess was done in 2 patients. In present study, mean hospital stay was 10.28 days. Hospital stays ranges from 5 to 17 days. Most of the patients stays 5 to 10 days [56.25%]. all amoebic liver abscesses were sterile. Most commonly found organism on pus culture was Staphylococcus in 25% cases followed by E. coli in 21.87% cases in pyogenic liver abscesses.

from this study we found that ultrasonography is the standard modality for diagnostic and therapeutic management as well as for drainage and follow up. We also found that USG guided pigtail catheter drainage is a superior therapeutic approach than needle aspiration for large liver abscess, and abscess cavity resolves better in case of pigtail catheter drainage. We also concluded that ruptured liver abscess can also be managed with two pig tail catheter insertion.