bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inking cell blocks improves scanner detection for diagnosis in pathology
Authors: Eloy Catarina , Neves Beatriz , Vale João , Campelos Sofia , Curado Mónica , Polónia António
Published: September 2023

Cell blocks may be hard to be totally automatically detected by the scanner (ADS), generating incomplete whole slide images (WSIs), with areas that are not scanned, leading to possible false negative diagnosis. The aim of this study is to test if inking the cell blocks helps increasing ADS. Test 1: 15 cell blocks were sectioned, one half inked black (1HB) and the other inked green (1HG). Each of the halves was individually processed to generate a WSI stained by the H&E. 1HBs and 1HGs had similar scanning time (median 59 s vs. 65 s, p = .126) and file sizes (median 382 Mb vs. 381 Mb, p = .567). The black ink interfered less in the observation (2.2% vs. 44.4%; p < .001) than in the green one. Test 2: 15 cell blocks were sectioned, one half inked black (2HB) and the other left unstained/null (2HN). Each of the halves was individually processed to generate three WSIs—one HE, one periodic‐acid Schiff (PAS), and one immunostained by cytokeratin AE1&AE3 (CKAE1AE3). HE and PAS WSIs from both 2HN and 2HB groups were all totally ADS and had similar scanning times and file sizes. Concerning immunostaining with CKAE1AE3: ADS (46.7% vs. 93.3%; p = .014), median time for scanning (57 s vs. 83 s; p < .001) and file size (178 Mb vs. 338 Mb; p < .001) were reduced significantly in the 2HN group in comparison with the 2HB. Although increasing scanning time and file size, inking the cell blocks helps increasing ADS after immunostaining, improving the safety and efficiency of the digital pathology workflow.
Population effectiveness of endoscopy screening for mortality reduction in gastric cancer
Authors: Ishii Naoki , Shiratori Yasutoshi , Ishikane Masahiro , Omata Fumio
Published: September 2023

Objectives

No randomized controlled trials have compared endoscopic screening with no screening for gastric cancer on an intention‐to‐screen basis, and the population‐based evidence is insufficient. This study aimed to identify factors contributing to the population effectiveness of cancer screening, estimate the number needed to screen (NNS) to reduce one gastric cancer‐related death, and evaluate the expected mortality‐rate reduction in endoscopic screening for gastric cancer in 184 countries.

Methods

Factors contributing to the attributable risk, NNS, and mortality‐rate reduction were identified. A rapid review was performed in PubMed to estimate the pooled relative risk of endoscopic screening compared to that of no screening for mortality reduction. NNSs and mortality‐rate reduction were estimated using the pooled relative risk and GLOBOCAN data.

Results

The crude mortality rate, the effectiveness of the screening modality, and the screened rate contributed to the attributable risk, NNS, and mortality‐rate reduction in cancer screening. The pooled relative risk was 0.58 in endoscopy screening compared to that in no screening. NNSs and expected mortality‐rate reduction differed across countries and ranged from 2522 to 91,575 and 0.2 to 7.9 (per 100,000 individuals) for the screened rate of 20%, respectively.

Conclusions

In addition to the effectiveness of the used modality, the disease burden and screened rate were important in the population effectiveness of cancer screening. Regarding the high NNSs and the low expected mortality‐rate reduction, population‐based endoscopic screening seems not to be effective in many countries, and these results are meaningful in decision‐making regarding the introduction of endoscopic screening.
Accessible Housing on Campus
Authors: Allarakhia Hawa
Published: September 2023

At the University of Florida, students have the opportunity to reside in Cypress Hall, a dorm designed with universal design principles. Jenna Gonzalez, the Director of the Disability Resource Center at UF, discusses the accommodations and modifications available to students who choose to live on campus.
Learn about the DOJ and ED's joint “Dear Colleague” letter regarding webpage accessibility
Authors: Masinter Michael R.
Published: September 2023

On May 19, 2023, the U.S. Department of Justice and the Education Department released a joint “Dear Colleague” letter outlining the Section 504 and Americans With Disabilities Act accessibility obligations that govern educational institutions’ public‐facing webpages. Although the Dear Colleague letter reiterates that all public‐facing web pages should be accessible to low vision, hearing impaired, and limited motor control users, it offers little new guidance on compliance timelines, suggesting instead that the Departments will afford some flexibility to institutions that have not yet come into compliance. Thus, while institutions already should have ensured as a matter of self‐interest that critical public‐facing web pages — including those related to applications, marketing, and news announcements — are accessible, institutions need not scour all public‐facing web pages to immediately root out inaccessible archival material.
Glycolytic metabolite phosphoenolpyruvate protects host from viral infection through promoting AATK expression
Authors: Zhao Lu , Song Renjie , Liu Yang
Published: September 2023

Viral infections can result in metabolism rewiring of host cells, which in turn affects the viral lifecycle. Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), a metabolic intermediate in the glycolytic pathway, plays important roles in several biological processes including anti‐tumor T cell immunity. However, whether PEP might participate in modulating viral infection remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that PEP generally inhibits viral replication via upregulation of apoptosis‐associated tyrosine kinase (AATK) expression. Targeted metabolomic analyses have shown that the intracellular level of PEP was increased upon viral infection. PEP treatment significantly restricted viral infection and hence declined subsequent inflammatory response both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, PEP took inhibitory effect on the stage of viral replication and also decreased the mortality of mice with viral infection. Mechanistically, PEP significantly promoted the expression of AATK. Knockdown of AATK led to enhanced viral replication and consequent increased levels of cytokines. Moreover, AATK deficiency disabled the antiviral effect of PEP. Together, our study reveals a previously unknown role of PEP in broadly inhibiting viral replication by promoting AATK expression, highlighting the potential application of activation or upregulation of the PEP‐AATK axis in controlling viral infections.
Efficient CrIII Ion Governed Energy Migration for Broadband Near‐Infrared Emission in Ca3Sc2Ge3O12 Garnet Phosphor
Authors: Ni Quwei , Huo Jiansheng , Zhu Qijian , Zhou Jianbang , Sun Wenjie , Huang Yutong , Long Chenggang , Wang Qianming
Published: September 2023

The rapid growth in phosphor‐converted near‐infrared light‐emission diodes (NIR‐LEDs) has led to the development of NIR emitter with high efficiency, broadband emission and high thermal stability. In this work, an efficient broad NIR emission of Cr3+ in novel Ca3Sc2Ge3O12 (CSGO) garnet‐based host was developed for the first time, which located at 700 to 1000 nm peaking at 817 nm with a broad bandwidth of ~128 nm. Such a broadband NIR emission originated from the preferential occupancy of Cr3+ in Sc3+ sites with weak octahedral field, which was manifested by the luminescence spectrum and decay behaviors. The Cr3+‐doping concentration was regulated to achieve a good internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 72.1 % and a fantastic thermal stability (at 423 K, sustained approximately 85 % of the initial intensity). The mechanism for concentration and thermal quenching was further investigated. Benefiting from the excellent luminescence features, a prototype NIR‐LEDs was assembled via integrating the optimized samples with commercial blue InGaN LED chips, which exhibited a satisfactory photoelectric property and a brilliant performance in night vision. These results demonstrated the as‐obtained sample to be a great potential candidate for NIR‐LEDs.
Distance‐based cell range extension and almost blank sub‐frame for load balancing and interference mitigation in 5G and beyond heterogeneous networks
Authors: Alam Mohammed Jaber , Hossain Md Rahat , Chugh Ritesh , Azad Salahuddin
Published: September 2023

The goal of deploying LTE‐Advanced heterogeneous networks is to meet the growing need for Quality of Service (QoS), high data rates, and more coverage. Load balancing is one of the biggest problems, especially when User Equipment (UE) uses received signal strength to connect to different transmission power network tiers. Spectrum for small cells has not been used to its full potential. While all the cells are using the same frequency spectrum and the small cells overlap the Macro Cells, preventing interference is another big problem. The proposed Cell Range Extension (CRE) and Almost Blank Sub‐frame (ABS) provides a solution to overcome these challenges. The proposed ABS in this paper is novel because it is a partial muting one rather than the full muting ABS in recent research studies. In addition, the cell association method is by distance rather than conventional Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP). CRE‐ABS has been applied simultaneously to solve both load balancing and interference. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves substantial throughput and Jain's Fairness Index (JFI).
Electrospun PEO/PEG fibers as potential flexible phase change materials for thermal energy regulation
Authors: Soo Xiang Yun Debbie , Tan Sze Yu , Cheong Augustine Kok Heng , Xu Jianwei , Liu Zhiyuan , Loh Xian Jun , Zhu Qiang
Published: September 2023

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used as phase change materials (PCM) due to their versatile working temperature and high latent heat. However, the low molecular weight of PEG prevents from the formation of flexible microfibers, and the common leakage problem associated with solid–liquid PCM further hinders their applications in various fields. To address these challenges, polyethylene oxide (PEO) is incorporated as the supporting matrix for PEG, leading to a successful electrospinning of fibrous mats. Due to the similar chemical nature of both PEG and PEO, the blended composites show great compatibility and produce uniform electrospun fibers. The thermal properties of these fibers are characterized by DSC and TGA, and supercooling for the PEG(1050) component is effectively reduced by 75–85%. The morphology changes before and after leakage test are analyzed by SEM. Tensile and DMA tests show that the presence of PEG(1050) component contributes to plasticization effect, improving mechanical and thermomechanical strength. The ratio of PEO(600K):PEG(1050) at 7:3 affords the optimal performance with good chemical and form‐stability, least shrinkage, and uniformity. These fibrous mats have potential applications in areas of food packaging, flexible wearable devices, or textiles to aid in thermal regulation.
Novel ATG7::RAF1 gene fusion in malignant glomus tumor
Authors: Shafi Saba , Jones Dan , Iwenofu O. Hans , Satturwar Swati
Published: September 2023

Glomus tumors are classified as members of the perivascular myoid family of tumors. Nearly half of these show NOTCH‐gene fusions and a smaller subset has BRAF V600E mutations. Here, we report a novel ATG7::RAF1 fusion in malignant glomus tumor occurring in a 40‐year‐old female which has not been reported in the malignant glomus tumor before. A 40‐year‐old female presented with a persistent lateral heel pain and an increase in the size of a mass along the lateral ankle for nearly 10 years. Resected specimen showed a well circumscribed lesion composed of spindled and epithelioid cells with moderate nuclear atypia and mitotic figures (7/10 high‐power fields) including atypical forms without any necrosis, lymphovascular, or perineural invasion. The tumor was positive for smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, H‐caldesmon, collagen type IV, and discovered on gastronintestinal stromal tumors‐1 but negative for AE1/3, desmin, S‐100, CD34, and CD117. RNA sequencing showed presence of ATG7‐RAF1 fusion. This fusion has not been reported in the malignant glomus tumor before. Future studies on larger cohorts are needed to ascertain the biological significance of these tumors with novel gene fusions.
YAP and TAZ regulate remyelination in the central nervous system
Authors: Hong Jiayue , Kirkland Julia M. , Acheta Jenica , Marziali Leandro N. , Beck Brianna , Jeanette Haley , Bhatia Urja , Davis Grace , Herron Jacob , Roué Clémence , Abi‐Ghanem Charly , Feltri M. Laura , Zuloaga Kristen L. , Bechler Marie E. , Poitelon Yannick , Belin Sophie
Published: September 2023

Myelinating cells are sensitive to mechanical stimuli from their extracellular matrix. Ablation of YAP and TAZ mechanotransducers in Schwann cells abolishes the axon–Schwann cell recognition, myelination, and remyelination in the peripheral nervous system. It was unknown if YAP and TAZ are also required for myelination and remyelination in the central nervous system. Here we define the importance of oligodendrocyte (OL) YAP and TAZ in vivo, by specific deletion in oligodendroglial cells in adult OLs during myelin repair. Blocking YAP and TAZ expression in OL lineage cells did not affect animal viability or any major defects on OL maturation and myelination. However, using a mouse model of demyelination/remyelination, we demonstrate that YAP and TAZ modulate the capacity of OLs to remyelinate axons, particularly during the early stage of the repair process, when OL proliferation is most important. These results indicate that YAP and TAZ signaling is necessary for effective remyelination of the mouse brain.
A stepped down physical activity support program for military service veterans: The Active Choices pilot study
Authors: Gilson Nicholas D. , Papinczak Zoe E. , Haslam Catherine , Mielke Gregore I. , Fooken Jonas , Brown Wendy J.
Published: September 2023

Issue Addressed

Referral to supervised physical activity (PA) programs is an effective treatment for military service veterans (MSVs) suffering from a range of chronic diseases. However, many MSVs fail to maintain PA regimes once discharged from supervision. This pilot study assessed Active Choices, a stepped‐down program to support MSVs in the transition from allied health treatment to self‐managed PA.

Methods

Participants were 34 Australian MSVs (mean [SD] age = 61 [15.8] years) who were completing supervised referral to an exercise physiologist or physiotherapist. MSVs stepped‐down to Active Choices and received a 12‐week, evidence‐based PA support program (2020–2021). Analyses compared within‐group changes in accelerometer‐assessed PA at three time points (Weeks 0, 12, and 24; linear mixed model). Program retention, PA choices, and allied healthcare service costs were also evaluated.

Results

Relative to baseline (64 [26] min/day), mean (SD) moderate‐to‐vigorous PA increased (74 [28] min/day; p < .05) and was maintained (62 [28] min/day) at weeks 12 and 24, respectively. Retention in the program was high (86% [29/34 participants] completion rate at 12 weeks), with water‐based group activities the most popular PAs of choice (14/24 activities). Average allied healthcare service costs during the study were lower than typical costs for MSVs (60.51 vs. 97.06 AUD/week).

Conclusion

The findings highlight the potential of Active Choices to support MSVs in the transition from supervised to self‐managed MVPA.

So What?

The program could promote the health of veterans and reduce costs for ongoing referral if impact is replicated at scale.
Atypical (non‐V600E) BRAF mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer in population and real‐world cohorts
Authors: Osterlund Emerik , Ristimäki Ari , Mäkinen Markus J. , Kytölä Soili , Kononen Juha , Pfeiffer Per , Soveri Leena‐Maija , Keinänen Mauri , Sorbye Halfdan , Nunes Luís , Salminen Tapio , Nieminen Lasse , Uutela Aki , Halonen Päivi , Ålgars Annika , Sundström Jari , Kallio Raija , Ristamäki Raija , Lamminmäki Annamarja , Stedt Hanna , Heervä Eetu , Kuopio Teijo , Sjöblom Tobias , Isoniemi Helena , Glimelius Bengt , Osterlund Pia
Published: September 2023

BRAF‐V600E mutation (mt) is a strong negative prognostic and predictive biomarker in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Non‐V600Emt, designated atypical BRAFmt (aBRAFmt) are rare, and little is known about their frequency, co‐mutations and prognostic and predictive role. These were compared between mutational groups of mCRC patients collected from three Nordic population‐based or real‐world cohorts. Pathology of aBRAFmt was studied. The study included 1449 mCRC patients with 51 (3%) aBRAFmt, 182 (13%) BRAF‐V600Emt, 456 (31%) RAS&BRAF wild‐type (wt) and 760 (52%) RASmt tumours. aBRAFmt were seen in 2% of real‐world and 4% of population‐based cohorts. Twenty‐six different aBRAFmt were detected, 11 (22%) class 2 (serrated adenocarcinoma in 2/9 tested), 32 (64%) class 3 (serrated in 15/25) and 4 (8%) unclassified. aBRAFmt patients were predominantly male, had more rectal primaries, less peritoneal metastases, deficient mismatch repair in one (2%), and better survival after metastasectomy (89% 5‐year overall survival [OS]‐rate) compared with BRAF‐V600Emt. aBRAFmt and BRAF‐V600Emt had poorer performance status and received fewer treatment lines than RAS&BRAFwt and RASmt. OS among aBRAFmt (median 14.4 months) was longer than for BRAF‐V600Emt (11.2 months), but shorter than for RAS&BRAFwt (30.5 months) and RASmt (23.4 months). Addition of bevacizumab trended for better OS for the aBRAFmt. Nine patients with aBRAFmt received cetuximab/panitumumab without response. aBRAFmt represents a distinct subgroup differing from other RAS/BRAF groups, with serrated adenocarcinoma in only half. OS for patients with aBRAFmt tumours was slightly better than for BRAF‐V600Emt, but worse than for RASmt and RAS&BRAFwt. aBRAFmt should not be a contraindication for metastasectomy.
Russia‐Ukraine war and G7 debt markets: Evidence from public sentiment towards economic sanctions during the conflict
Authors: Sulong Zunaidah , Abdullah Mohammad , Abakah Emmanuel Joel Aikins , Adeabah David , Asongu Simplice
Published: September 2023

War‐related expectations cause changes to investors' risks and returns preferences. In this study, we examine the implications of war and sanctions sentiment for the G7 countries' debt markets during the Russia‐Ukraine war. We use behavioural indicators across social media, news media, and internet attention to reflect the public sentiment from 1st January 2022 to 20th April 2023. We apply the quantile‐on‐quantile regression (QQR) and rolling window wavelet correlation (RWWC) methods. The quantile‐on‐quantile regression results show heterogenous impact on fixed income securities. Specifically, extreme public sentiment has a negative impact on G7 fixed income securities return. The wavelets correlation result shows dynamic correlation pattern among public sentiment and fixed income securities. There is a negative relationship between public sentiment and G7 fixed income securities. The correlation is time‐varying and highly event dependent. Our additional analysis using corporate bond data indicates the robustness of our findings. Furthermore, the contagion analysis shows public sentiment significantly influence G7 fixed income securities spillover. Our findings can be of great significance while framing strategies for asset allocation, portfolio performance and risk hedging.
Anesthesia and postpartum pain management for placenta accreta spectrum: The healthcare provider perspective
Authors: Bartels Helena C. , Walsh Don , Nieto‐Calvache Albaro José , Lalor Joan , Terlezzi Kristen , Cooney Naomi , Palacios‐Jaraquemada José Miguel , O'Flaherty Doireann , MacColgain Siaghal , ffrench‐O'Carroll Robert , Brennan Donal J.
Published: September 2023

Objective

To explore the management and experiences of healthcare providers around anesthetic care in placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).

Methods

This descriptive survey study was carried out over a 6‐week period between January and March 2023. Healthcare providers, both anesthesiologists and those involved in operative care for women with PAS, were invited to participate. Questions invited both quantitative and qualitative responses. Qualitative responses were analyzed using content analysis.

Results

In all, 171 healthcare providers responded to the survey, the majority of whom were working in tertiary PAS referral centers (153; 89%) and 116 (70%) had more than 10 years of clinical experience. There was variation in the preferred primary mode of anesthesia for PAS cases; 69 (42%) used neuraxial only, but 58 (35%) used a combined approach of neuraxial and general anesthesia, with only 12 (8%) preferring general anesthesia. Ninety‐nine (61%) were offering a routine antenatal anesthesia consultation. Content analysis of qualitative data identified three main themes, which were “variation in approach to primary mode of anesthesia”, “perspectives of patient preferences”, and “importance of multidisciplinary team care”. These findings led to the development of a decision aid provided as part of this paper, which may assist clinicians in counseling women on their options for care to come to an informed decision.

Conclusions

Approach to anesthesia for PAS varied between healthcare providers. The final decision for anesthesia should take into consideration the clinical care needs as well as the preferences of the patient.
Intrapartum use of sildenafil citrate to prevent fetal compromise and emergency operative birth in term pregnancies in the United Kingdom and Australia: A preliminary cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Callander Emily J. , Tarnow‐Mordi William , Morton Rachael , Mol Ben W. , Kumar Sailesh
Published: September 2023

Objective

To compare cost‐effectiveness of oral sildenafil citrate, administered after onset of labor, with standard care to health system funders in the UK and Australia.

Methods

We conducted a modeled cost‐effectiveness analysis, measuring costs and quality adjusted life years (QALYs), using a decision‐analytic model covering onset of labor to 1 month post‐birth. The relative risk of emergency cesarean section and operative vaginal birth was taken from a Phase 2 placebo controlled double blinded randomized control trial.

Results

Both options of care resulted in the same QALYs gained over the model time period (0.08). Sildenafil citrate was cost‐saving compared with standard care, saving £92 per birth in the UK (AU$303 per birth in Australia). Sensitivity analyses did not identify any areas of uncertainty that stopped sildenafil citrate being cost saving compared with standard care. Threshold analysis revealed that sildenafil citrate would be cost saving up to a per birth drug or administration cost of £152.32 in the UK (AU$333.61 in Australia).

Conclusion

Oral sildenafil citrate may be cost saving compared with standard care; however, the effects on neonatal outcomes still need to be demonstrated in large randomized trials.
The translational potential of the lung microbiome as a biomarker and a therapeutic target for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Yang Lei , Li Naijian , Yi Xinzhu , Wang Zhang
Published: September 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major chronic lung disease with a leading global morbidity and mortality. Emerging evidence suggests that the lung microbiome, the collection of the microorganisms in the lung, plays a crucial role in COPD pathogenesis. The lung microbiome alters in COPD during the acute exacerbations, associates with clinical phenotypes and inflammatory endotypes, and predicts treatment response, lung function decline and mortality, suggesting it could be a potential biomarker for COPD phenotyping, prognosis and personalized therapies. The lung microbiome produces metabolites that interact with host immunity and contribute to COPD pathogenesis, implying that it could be a possible novel target for therapeutic intervention. Despite these potentials, critical gaps exist for translational application of the lung microbiome in COPD clinical practice, starting with the lack of approaches in precisely measuring and manipulating specific members of the lung microbiome, highlighting the need for future collaborative efforts from bench to bedsides. In this perspective, we review existing knowledge and progress on the understanding of the lung microbiome as a possible COPD biomarker or a therapeutic target. We discuss current challenges and share our views on future directions toward fully realize the potential in translational application of the lung microbiome in the promise of COPD precision medicine.
Nano‐biomaterial Fibrinogen/P(LLA‐CL) for prevention of intrauterine adhesion and restoration of fertility
Authors: Song Sirui , Wu Siyu , Meiduo Danzeng , Chen Ping , Li Huaifang , He Hongbing
Published: September 2023

Endometrial damage resulting from surgical procedures is a significant cause of intrauterine adhesion, thin endometrium, and subsequent miscarriage and infertility. Unfortunately, there is currently no effective clinical solution to promote endometrial regeneration after severe injury. In this study, we combined fibrinogen (Fg) and P(LLA‐CL) by electrostatic spinning to form a stable nano‐biomaterial Fg/P(LLA‐CL), which can promote endometrial regeneration. After inducing physical injury to rat endometrium, we found that Fg/P(LLA‐CL) membranes placed in the uterine cavities increased endometrial thickness and the number of glands after injury, while reducing the area of endometrial fibrosis. In addition, Fg/P(LLA‐CL) increased neovascularization and decreased COL1A1 deposition. The expression of TGF‐β1, a cytokine that promotes fibrosis, was down‐regulated in the early stage of injury. Finally, fertility assays confirmed that Fg/P(LLA‐CL) improved the pregnancy rate in rats with endometrial injury, and its safety was verified by blood tests and pathological examination of heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney. Therefore, Fg/P(LLA‐CL) shows great potential as a safe and nontoxic biomaterial for endometrial regeneration, ultimately improving pregnancy outcomes in patients with intrauterine adhesion.
P2X7 receptor blockade reduces pyroptotic inflammation and promotes phagocytosis in Vibrio vulnificus infection
Authors: Wann Shue‐Ren , Lo Horng‐Ren , Chang Yun‐Te , Liao Jia‐Bin , Wen Zhi‐Hong , Chi Pei‐Ling
Published: September 2023

Vibrio vulnificus, a gram‐negative bacterium, causes serious wound infections and septicemia. Once it develops into early phase sepsis, hyperinflammatory immune responses result in poor prognosis in patients. The present study aimed to examine the possible underlying pathogenic mechanism and explore potential agents that could protect against V. vulnificus cytotoxicity. Here, we report that infection of mouse macrophages with V. vulnificus triggers antiphagocytic effects and pyroptotic inflammation via ATP‐mediated purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) signaling. V. vulnificus promoted P2X7‐dependent nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) p65 translocation, modulating the expression of the inflammasome sensor NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), adaptor apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a card (ASC), and pyroptotic protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) in mouse macrophages. V. vulnificus induced the NLRP3/caspase‐1 inflammasome signaling complex expression that drives GSDMD transmembrane pore formation and secretion of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐18, and macrophage inflammatory protein‐2 (MIP‐2). This effect was blocked by P2X7R antagonists, indicating that the P2X7R mediates GSDMD‐related pyroptotic inflammation in macrophages through the NF‐κB/NLRP3/caspase‐1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, blockade of P2X7R reduced V. vulnificus‐colony‐forming units in the spleen, immune cell infiltration into the skin and lung tissues, and serum concentrations of IL‐1β, IL‐18, and MIP‐2 in mice. These results indicate that P2X7R plays a vital role in mediating phagocytosis by macrophages and pyroptotic inflammation during V. vulnificus infection and provides new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in bacterial infections.
Increased adipose tissue is associated with improved overall survival, independent of skeletal muscle mass in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Tao Junli , Fang Jiayang , Chen Lihua , Liang Changyu , Chen Bohui , Wang Zhenyu , Wu Yongzhong , Zhang Jiuquan
Published: September 2023

Background

The prognostic significance of non‐cancer‐related prognostic factors, such as body composition, has gained extensive attention in oncological research. Compared with sarcopenia, the prognostic significance of adipose tissue for overall survival in non‐small cell lung cancer remains unclear. We investigated the prognostic value of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer.

Methods

This retrospective study included 4434 patients diagnosed with non‐small cell lung cancer between January 2014 and December 2016. Cross‐sectional areas of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous fat were measured, and the pericardial fat volume was automatically calculated. The skeletal muscle index and subcutaneous fat index were calculated as skeletal muscle area and subcutaneous fat area divided by height squared, respectively, and the pericardial fat index was calculated as pericardial fat volume divided by body surface area. The association between body composition and outcomes was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

A total of 750 patients (501 males [66.8%] and 249 females [33.2%]; mean age, 60.9 ± 9.8 years) were included. Sarcopenia (60.8% vs. 52.7%; P < 0.001), decreased subcutaneous fat index (51.4% vs. 25.2%; P < 0.001) and decreased pericardial fat index (55.4% vs. 16.5%; P < 0.001) were more commonly found in the deceased group than survived group. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, after adjusting for clinical variables, increased subcutaneous fat index (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47–0.66, P < 0.001) and increased pericardial fat index (HR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.40–0.56, P < 0.001) were associated with longer overall survival. For stage I–III patients, increased subcutaneous fat index (HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.48–0.76, P < 0.001) and increased pericardial fat index (HR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.34–0.54, P < 0.001) were associated with better 5‐year overall survival rate. Similar results were recorded in stage IV patients. For patients with surgery, the prognostic value of increased subcutaneous fat index (HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.44–0.80, P = 0.001) and increased pericardial fat index (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.38–0.68, P < 0.001) remained and predicted favourable overall survival. Non‐surgical patients showed similar results as surgical patients. No association was noted between sarcopenia and overall survival (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Increased subcutaneous fat index and pericardial fat index were associated with a higher 5‐year overall survival rate, independent of sarcopenia, in non‐small cell lung cancer and may indicate a reduced risk of non‐cancer‐related death.
Association between specific ultrasound features of joints and impaired kidney function among gout patients
Authors: Zhao Di , Jin Zhibin , Yu Pengli , Li Xia , Yao Jing , Zhang Weijing
Published: September 2023

Objective

To investigate the relationship between the specific ultrasonic manifestations of lower limb joints and impaired kidney function in gouty arthritis.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 408 patients with gouty arthritis were divided into two groups based on the status of renal function: normal group (n = 240) and renal impairment (n = 168) group. All patients underwent ultrasound examination of the bilateral knee, ankle, and first metatarsophalangeal joints to detect ultrasound features of double‐contour sign (DC) and tophus. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between kidney dysfunction and ultrasound features. A number of potential clinical confounders were adjusted in the model.

Results

Univariable conditional logistic regression produces several significant risk factors of impaired kidney function which were the highest and current lever of serum urate acid, course of disease, frequency of attack, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, presence of multiple tophus, and DC (P < 0.05). After correcting the course of disease and other risk factors, tophus was still an independent risk factor of impaired kidney function and the multivariable adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) was 1.789 (1.005–3.185, P = 0.05), however, the association was not significant in DC (OR = 1.098, 95% CI: 0.668–1.803, P = 0.71).

Conclusion

The ultrasound feature of tophus was associated with kidney dysfunction in patients with gout, independent of clinical risk factors, which may be helpful in guiding clinical practice.
Identifying non‐adult attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder individuals using a stacked machine learning algorithm using administrative data population registers in a universal healthcare system
Authors: Roche David , Mora Toni , Cid Jordi
Published: September 2023

Background

This research project aims to build a Machine Learning algorithm (ML) to predict first‐time ADHD diagnosis, given that it is the most frequent mental disorder for the non‐adult population.

Methods

We used a stacked model combining 4 ML approaches to predict the presence of ADHD. The dataset contains data from population health care administrative registers in Catalonia comprising 1,225,406 non‐adult individuals for 2013–2017, linked to socioeconomic characteristics and dispensed drug consumption. We defined a measure of proper ADHD diagnoses based on medical factors.

Results

We obtained an AUC of 79.6% with the stacked model. Significant variables that explain the ADHD presence are the dispersion across patients' visits to healthcare providers; the number of visits, diagnoses related to other mental disorders and drug consumption; age, and sex.

Conclusions

ML techniques can help predict ADHD early diagnosis using administrative registers. We must continuously investigate the potential use of ADHD early detection strategies and intervention in the health system.
Association of ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis and liver cirrhosis in a young male
Authors: Alkhaledi Ahmad N. , Jadaan Isra , Sharfo Mohamad Zaher , Faysal Tala , Abdallah Yazane , Alhaj Ali Ahmad
Published: September 2023

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis, are chronic autoimmune conditions characterized by inflammation of the digestive system. The exact cause of IBD is unknown, but they often start during adolescence or early adulthood with symptoms such as urgency, rectal bleeding, diarrhea, abdominal pain and tenesmus. Primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis are recognized as co‐occurring conditions associated with ulcerative colitis. However, the combination of ulcerative colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, liver cirrhosis, and celiac disease occurring concurrently has only been reported once before in a female patient. Here, we present the exceptional case of a Syrian adult male with all four of these conditions. This highlights the importance of screening for both celiac disease and cirrhosis in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis together, despite this combination of comorbidities is rare.
An in vitro dynamic bioreactor model for evaluating antimicrobial effectiveness on periodontal polymicrobial biofilms: a proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Ramachandra Srinivas Sulugodu , Sime Fekade Bruck , Naicker Saiyuri , Han Pingping , Lee Ryan SB , C. Wallis Steven , Roberts Jason A. , Ivanovski Sašo
Published: September 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate an in vitro dynamic bioreactor model by evaluating the antimicrobial effect of clinically relevant amoxicillin doses on polymicrobial microcosm biofilms derived from subgingival plaque.

Methods

Biofilms from pooled subgingival plaque were grown for 108  hours in control and experimental dynamic biofilm reactors. Amoxicillin was subsequently infused into the experimental reactor to simulate the pharmacokinetic profile of a standard 500 mg thrice‐daily dosing regimen over 5 days and biofilms were assessed by live/dead staining, scanning electron microscopy, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Following establishment of the oral microcosm biofilms, confocal imaging analysis showed a significant increase in dead bacteria at 8 hours (p = 0.0095), 48 hours (p = 0.0070), 96 hours (p = 0.0140), and 120 hours (p < 0.0001) in the amoxicillin‐treated biofilms compared to the control biofilms. Nevertheless, viable bacteria remained in the center of the biofilm at all timepoints. Significant reductions/elimination in Campylobacter rectus, Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius was observed among the amoxicillin‐treated biofilms at the 96 and 120 hour timepoints.

Conclusion

A novel in vitro dynamic model of oral microcosm biofilms was effective in modeling the antimicrobial effect of a pharmacokinetically simulated clinically relevant dose of amoxicillin.
Entrepreneurial responses to Covid‐19: The use of digital brand marketing events in the craft alcohol sector
Authors: Williams Alistair , Atwal Glyn , Bryson Douglas
Published: September 2023

The wide‐ranging implications following the Covid‐19 pandemic have necessitated research into innovative entrepreneurial responses. The research study incorporates the concept of branded marketing events (BMEs) and considers their effectiveness in craft alcohol digital marketing. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted in Charlotte, North Carolina, and focused on the entrepreneurial responses of craft alcohol producers. Findings indicate that the inter‐relationships between the experiential components adapted to a digital environment enhance the engagement consumers experience with craft alcohol producers. The responses of craft alcohol producers to the impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic provide valuable insights into strategies employed during times when traditional sales and marketing activities face exceptional challenges.
Perceived health benefits of nature‐based tourism: The influences of tourists' involvement, restorative environment and health consciousness
Authors: Zhou Lingxu , Liu Anyu , Wang Lin , Li Ying , Cheng Xiaoyun
Published: September 2023

This study examines the influences of tourists' involvement, perceived restorative environments and health consciousness on their perceived physical, mental and social health benefits. The proposed model was empirically tested using a sample of 595 tourists who travelled to mountain sites after the strict lockdown in China. Tourists' perception of a restorative environment mediates the relationship between their involvement and perceived health benefits. Individual health consciousness positively moderates the effect of the restorative environment on perceived health benefits. This research connects tourist involvement, attention restoration theory and the health and wellness outcomes of nature‐based tourism.
Comparison of Hemodynamics in Jet Ventilation vs. Intermittent Apnea for Airway Stenosis Surgery
Authors: Sax Leah , Sharma Shaan , Benedict Jacob , Guy Kevin , Mandybur Ian , Bittner Michael , Sinacori John , Rubinstein Benjamin
Published: September 2023

Objective

The objective of this study is to assess the impact of two different ventilation techniques, jet ventilation and apneic anesthesia with intermittent ventilation (AAIV), on patient hemodynamics and operative time during endoscopic laryngotracheal stenosis surgery.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of patients who underwent airway dilation for laryngotracheal stenosis by a single surgeon at a single institution from October 1, 2000 through January 2, 2020. Logistic regression, Mann–Whitney U tests and chi square analysis were used to determine statistical significance.

Results

A total of 157 patients, 43 (27.4%) male and 114 (72.6%) female, and 605 total encounters were included for analysis. There were no significant differences in hemodynamic outcomes when comparing the AAIV and jet ventilation groups. Specifically, there was no significant difference in either peak end‐tidal CO2 or nadir O2 saturation between the AAIV and jet ventilation groups (p = 0.4016) and (p = 0.1357), respectively. The patients in the AAIV group had a significantly higher median BMI 32.93 (27.40–39.40) compared with 28.80 (24.1–32.65) (p = 0.0001). Although not necessarily clinically significant, patients with higher BMI had lower median O2 nadirs (97.8%) than non‐obese patients (99.2%) (p < 0.0001). The median total procedure time was equivalent when comparing the two ventilation techniques.

Conclusion

AAIV is a safe method of ventilation for patients undergoing endoscopic laryngotracheal stenosis surgery with no significant differences in patient hemodynamics or procedure time when compared with jet ventilation. AAIV was the preferred method of ventilation for obese patients undergoing endoscopic laryngotracheal stenosis surgery.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:1343–1348, 2024
Extended partial laryngectomy with functional preservation using the rotational crico‐thyrotracheopexy
Authors: Rovó László , Szakács László , Castellanos Paul F. , Tóbiás Zoltán , Pfiszterer Péter , Ambrus Andrea , Csanády Miklós , Bach Ádám
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Glottic tumors with infiltration of the anterior/posterior commissure, and lesions with subglottic, cricoid, or cricoarytenoid joint infiltration have been highly controversial in the past, from the perspective of oncological safety. Although conservation laryngeal resection options exist, most are limited by the extent of resection proscribed by the technique and the postoperative functional results. Oncologically speaking, extended vertical hemilaryngectomy is often the optimal solution. However, limited reconstruction methods often compel total laryngectomy.

Methods

Eight patients with vocal fold malignancy, which infiltrated the anterior and sometimes the posterior commissure and with subglottic extension and resultant uni/bilateral vocal fold motion impairment, were treated by single stage extended vertical partial laryngectomy with rotational crico‐thyrotracheopexy as a functional reconstruction of the laryngeal framework. Patients were evaluated with objective and subjective function tests.

Results

Histologic examination demonstrated tumor‐free margins in every case. Definitive decannulation was successful in all cases within 2 weeks. All patients had a stable and adequate airway during follow‐up and reported socially acceptable voice. Oral feeding was possible in seven patients.

Conclusion

Rotational crico‐thyrotracheopexy, as a single stage reconstruction technique, is based on well‐vascularized, readily available, appropriately shaped local tissues, without significant donor site morbidity or need for long‐term stenting to reconstruct large laryngeal defects after extended vertical hemilaryngectomy for advanced unilateral glottic tumors and is applicable even with supra/subglottic invasion or infiltration of the contralateral vocal fold. An adequate airway can be achieved with socially acceptable voice and safe swallowing without compromising oncologic reliability.

Level of Evidence

4 (retrospective case series review).
Research on Improving the Pre‐Oxidation Process of the Excellent Mechanical Strength Carbon Fiber
Authors: Cui Ye , Liu Li‐Zhi , Song Lixin , Wang Yuxian , Li Sanxi , Shi Ying
Published: September 2023

This study uses synchrotron wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and synchrotron small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) to carry out an in situ study of the pre‐oxidation process of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers with two different preparation processes. Through analysis of 2D WAXD/SAXS data, this study divides the evolution of PAN fiber's crystal and microporous structures during pre‐oxidation into three and two stages, respectively. The evolution of PAN fiber's crystal structure during pre‐oxidation can be divided into three stages: 1) Initial stage: small‐sized crystals melt, crystal orientation decreases, and no cyclization reactions occur. 2) Intermediate stage: cyclization reactions happen in the amorphous region, leading to increased crystal size, crystal orientation, and crystallinity. 3) Final stage: cyclization reactions occur in the crystal region, resulting in reduced crystal size and orientation. The evolution of microporous structure can be divided into two stages: microporous shrinkage stage and microporous expansion stage. These features are analyzed using 2D WAXD/SAXS techniques. This study provides valuable references and guidance for the industrial production of PAN fibers by exploring the mechanism of the pre‐oxidation process in‐depth.
Preparation of Non‐Spherical Janus Particles via an Orthogonal Dissolution Approach
Authors: Russo Giovanni , Lattuada Marco
Published: September 2023

Post‐synthesis modifications are valuable tools to alter functionalities and induce morphology changes in colloidal particles. Non‐spherical polymer particles with Janus characteristics are prepared by combining seeded growth polymerization and selective dissolution. First, spherical polystyrene (PS) particles have been swollen with methyl methacrylate (MMA) with an activated swelling method. This is followed by polymerization that led to particles with two well‐separated faces: one made of PS and the second of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Subsequently, non‐spherical particles are obtained by exposing the Janus colloids to various solvents. Using the two polymers' orthogonal solubility, solvents are identified to selectively dissolve only one face, leading to hemispherical PS or PMMA particles. It is further investigated how changing the composition of the PMMA face – by either co‐polymerization with glycidyl methacrylate or by adding a cross‐linker – affects the particles’ morphology. The poly‐methacrylate face can gain total or partial resistance towards the solvents, resulting in intriguing shapes, such as mushroom‐like and Janus dimpled particles. The dissolution mechanisms are investigated via optical microscopy, where total or partial dissolutions can be directly observed. Lastly, prematurely quenching the dissolution of the particle's lobes with water can be used to control the Janus mushroom‐like particle aspect ratio.
Modeling and simulation of the input–output behavior of a geothermal energy storage
Authors: Takam Paul Honore , Wunderlich Ralf , Pamen Olivier Menoukeu
Published: September 2023

This paper investigates mathematical modeling and numerical methods for simulations of the input–output behavior of a geothermal energy storage. Such simulations are needed for the optimal control and management of residential heating systems equipped with an underground thermal storage. There, a given volume under or aside of a building is filled with soil and insulated to the surrounding ground. The thermal energy is stored by raising the temperature of the soil inside the storage. It is charged and discharged via pipe heat exchangers filled with a moving fluid. Simulations of geothermal energy storages aim to determine how much energy can be stored in or taken from the storage within a given period of time. The latter depends on the dynamics of the spatial temperature distribution in the storage, which is governed by a linear heat equation with convection and appropriate boundary and interface conditions. We consider semidiscretization and full discretization of that PDE using finite difference schemes and study associated stability problems. Finally, we present numerical results.