bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Level Diagram of 3d2 Configuration in Tetrahedral Crystal Field and Its Applications to Cr4 + /Mn5 + ‐Doped Luminescent Materials
Authors: Song Zhen , Liu Quanlin
Published: August 2022

Tanabe–Sugano diagram is a successful guideline for the energy levels of 3dn electrons for half a century. However, it is developed only under the regular octahedral crystal field. With the surging research interests in the near‐infra‐red luminescence of 3d block transition‐metal elements, it becomes an urgent demand to know the energy level diagram of Cr4 + and Mn5 + with 3d2 configuration, which are usually embedded in the tetrahedral site due to the smaller ionic size. Although the Tanabe–Sugano diagram of 3d8 configuration in octahedron is usually used as a substitution for that of 3d2 configuration in tetrahedron, the result mismatches with the crystal field strength and emission profile. In this work, irreducible tensor operator method is applied to derive the full analytical expressions of 3d2 energy levels in the tetrahedral crystal field, based on which the Tanabe–Sugano diagram of 3d2 configuration in tetrahedron is built for the first time. Also provided is a set of formulas for fast estimation of values, which shows consistency between the crystal field strength and the emission profile among Cr4+, Mn5+‐doped luminescent materials. As it is hoped, this work could provide more deep insights into the luminescence of 3d2 elements.
Constructing a Robust Solid–Electrolyte Interphase Layer via Chemical Prelithiation for High‐Performance SiOxAnode
Authors: Chen Shiming , Wang Zijian , Wang Lu , Song Zhibo , Yang Kai , Zhao Wenguang , Liu Lele , Fang Jianjun , Qian Guoyu , Pan Feng , Yang Luyi
Published: August 2022

Being considered as a promising anode material for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries, silicon oxide (SiOx) suffers from low initial coulombic eﬃciency and unstable solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI), which hinder its commercial use. To address these issues, herein, an optimized chemical prelithiation method is developed using a molecularly engineered lithium–biphenyl‐type complex, which facilitates improved prelithiation efficiency. More importantly, owing to the reaction between the prelithiation agent and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose binder, a stable artificial SEI layer with hard inorganic particles embedded in soft organic matrix can be preformed on the surface of the SiOxanode after prelithiation. The preformed SEI layer remains stable during long‐term cycling, contributing to significant improvement of capacity retention (87.4%) over pristine SiOx(68.6%) after 100 cycles at 0.2 C. Through demonstrating a hitherto unknown interfacial constructing strategy for SiOx, this study provides a fresh perspective on realizing high‐capacity Si‐based anodes.
Polysorbate identity and quantity dictate the extensional flow properties of protein‐excipient solutions
Authors: Lauser Kathleen T. , Rueter Amy L. , Calabrese Michelle A.
Published: August 2022

While protein medications are promising for treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases, challenges persist in terms of development and injection stability of high‐concentration formulations. Here, the extensional flow properties of protein‐excipient solutions are examined via dripping‐onto‐substrate extensional rheology, using a model ovalbumin (OVA) protein and biocompatible excipients polysorbate 20 (PS20) and 80 (PS80). Despite similar PS structures, differences in extensional flow are observed based on PS identity in two regimes: at moderate total concentrations where surface tension differences drive changes in extensional flow behavior, and at small PS:OVA ratios, which impact the onset of weakly elastic flow behavior. Undesirable elasticity is observed in ultra‐concentrated formulations, independent of PS identity; higher PS contents are required to observe these effects than in analogous polymeric excipient solutions. These studies reveal novel extensional flow behaviors in protein‐excipient solutions, and provide a straightforward methodology for assessing the extensional flow stability of new protein‐excipient formulations.
Rapid evolution of selfing syndrome traits in Viola arvensis revealed by resurrection ecology
Authors: Cheptou Pierre‐Olivier , Imbert Eric , Thomann Michel
Published: August 2022

Premise

As part of global change, climate warming and pollinator decline are expected to affect plant phenology and plant–pollinator interactions. This paper aims at characterizing rapid evolution of life history traits and floral traits over two decades in the wild pansy (Viola arvensis), a common weed in agrosystems.

Methods

We used a resurrection ecology approach with genotypes sampled in 1991 and 2012 from a population in Burgundy (France). The species has a mixed mating system (hereafter: mixed selfer) and presents a floral polymorphism. To correct for maternal effects, we measured plant traits in the second generation in a common garden (after a refreshing generation) to characterize plant evolution during the two decades. In addition, historical population selfing rates in 1991 and 2012 were inferred from microsatellites markers through heterozygote deficiency and identity disequilibrium.

Results

Phenotypic data revealed a significant advance in flowering date, reduced flower sizes and a higher propensity of plants to set seed by autonomous selfing. Moreover, we detected a change in color morph frequency with an increase of the pale morph frequency. In accordance with phenotypic data, the neutral genetic data revealed an increase in historical selfing rates from 0.68 in 1991 to 0.86 in 2012.

Conclusions

Taken together, such data suggest that the wild pansy, a mixed selfer, is evolving a selfing syndrome that may be the consequence of reduced pollinator activity in agrosystems.
Fertility experiences and later‐life cognitive function among older adults in China
Authors: Yang Hua‐Lei , Zhang Si‐Qing , Zhang Shuo , Wu Yuan‐Yang , Luo Run‐Dong
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The relationship between fertility history and human health has long fascinated scholars; however, whether there is a link between number of children and cognitive function in older adults remains unclear. We investigated the associations between parity and the timing of first and last births with the cognitive function of older adults over 65.

Methods

The mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) was selected as a tool to measure cognitive function. We analyzed data on 5847 older adults in rural and urban communities in China from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey using ordinary least squares. To further explore the transmission mechanism, we also conducted a mediating effect analysis.

Results

We found a negative association between number of children and cognitive function in older adults. Compared with older adults with four children, the MMSE scores of older adults with more than five children decreased significantly, and the score of older adults with zero to three children increased. Further, a late age at first birth (≥35) and a late age at last birth (≥35) were negatively associated with cognitive function. We also found that the associations between parity and cognition might be partly explained by variations in health.

Conclusion

Our analyses provided evidence from China to support the link between fertility history and cognitive function that has been observed in previous international studies: We suggest that high parity (≥5) is negatively associated with cognitive function.
Predictors and consequences of gestation length in wild chimpanzees
Authors: Feldblum Joseph T. , Boehm Emily E. , Walker Kara K. , Pusey Anne E.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Energetics are widely recognized to influence timing of birth in humans and other eutherian mammals, yet considerable variation exists in the relationship between energetic constraints and gestation length. In humans, poor nutrition and short inter‐gestational intervals (IGIs) are associated with shorter gestations. In other mammals, lower energy availability is usually associated with longer gestations. We investigated the predictors of gestation length, and the impact of gestation length on offspring survival, in chimpanzees, humans' closest living relatives.

Materials and Methods

We used 50 years of demographic and behavioral data to estimate gestation lengths in the wild chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania, and then used ecological and demographic data to explore the predictors and consequences of gestation length in our sample.

Results

Gestation lengths were shorter for females in their early 30s (relative to younger and older females), and after short IGIs. Other predictors potentially associated with maternal energetic condition and maternal investment were not associated with gestation length. We also found that shorter gestation lengths corresponded to lower offspring survival.

Discussion

Like humans, chimpanzees had shorter gestations after short IGIs, and short gestations were associated with higher offspring mortality. We consider competing explanations for the conflicting relationships between energetics and gestation length across eutherian mammals in light of these results.
Electron Symmetric Pearcey Gaussian Vortex Beams
Authors: Huang Haoyu , Tang Huilin , He Xingyi , Wu You , Cai Xuezhen , Deng Xiaofang , Deng Dongmei
Published: August 2022

In this manuscript, a new, to the best of the authors' knowledge, class of electron symmetric Pearcey Gaussian vortex beams (ESPGVBs) is introduced for the first time. And the propagation of ESPGVBs is investigated analytically and numerically in free space and in a constant magnetic field. In both two mediums, ESPGVBs possess auto‐focusing and self‐healing properties. It is worth noting that the auto‐focusing ability of ESPGVBs is high‐tunable. The focal length and the probability‐density of ESPGVBs can be flexibly adjusted by altering the distribution factors, the topological charge, and the magnetic flux density. At the auto‐focusing plane, ESPGVBs greatly self‐heal though the maximum of the probability‐density is severely declined. Compared with electron symmetric Pearcey Gaussian beams, ESPGVBs embedded with the vortex behave with a stronger self‐healing property in the whole process of the propagation.
Divergent CO2 Activation by Tuning the Lewis Acid in Iron‐Based Bimetallic Systems
Authors: Corona Helena , Pérez‐Jiménez Marina , de la Cruz‐Martínez Felipe , Fernández Israel , Campos Jesús
Published: August 2022

Bimetallic motifs mediate the selective activation and functionalization of CO2 in metalloenzymes and some recent synthetic systems. In this work, we build on the nascent concept of bimetallic frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) to investigate the activation and reduction of CO2. Using the Fe0 fragment [(depe)2Fe] (depe=1,2‐bis(diethylphosphino)ethane) as base, we modify the nature of the partner Lewis acid to accomplish a divergent and highly chemoselective reactivity towards CO2. [Au(PMe2Ar)]+ irreversibly dissociates CO2, Zn(C6F5)2 and B(C6F5)3 yield different CO2 adducts stabilized by push‐pull interactions, while Al(C6F5)3 leads to a rare heterobimetallic C−O bond cleavage, and thus to contrasting reduced products after exposure to dihydrogen. Computational investigations provide a rationale for the divergent reactivity, while Energy Decomposition Analysis‐Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence (EDA‐NOCV) method substantiates the heterobimetallic bonding situation.
Integrating Light‐Harvesting Ruthenium(II)‐based Units into Three‐Dimensional Metal Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Han Wang‐Kang , Liu Yong , Yan Xiaodong , Jiang Yuqin , Zhang Jiangwei , Gu Zhi‐Guo
Published: August 2022

Three metal covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs), namely RuCOF‐ETTA, RuCOF‐TPB and RuCOF‐ETTBA, were synthesized by incorporating the photosensitive RuIItris(2,2′‐bipyridine) unit into the skeleton. Interestingly, each RuCOF contains three isostructural covalent organic frameworks that interlock together with the RuIIcenters serving as point of registry. The covalently linked network coupling with uniformly distributed RuIIunits allowed the RuCOFs to exhibit superior chemical stability, strong light‐harvesting ability, and high photocatalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution (20 308 μmol g−1 h−1). This work illustrates the potential of developing versatile MCOFs‐based photocatalysts from functionalized metal complex building unit and further enriches the MCOFs family.
Direct Observation of Li‐Ion Transport Heterogeneity Induced by Nanoscale Phase Separation in Li‐rich Cathodes of Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Liu Bowen , Hu Naifang , Li Chao , Ma Jun , Zhang Jianwei , Yang Yuan , Sun Deye , Yin Bangxun , Cui Guanglei
Published: August 2022

Li‐rich layered oxide (LLO) cathode materials with high specific capacities could significantly enhance the energy density of all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). However, the specific practical capacities of LLO materials in ASSLBs are extremely low due to poor initial activation. Here, scanning transmission electron microscopy with in situ differential phase contrast imaging was first used to study the initial activation mechanism of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2. Li‐ion transport heterogeneity was observed in LLO grains and across the LLO/Li6PS5Cl interface, due to the coexistence of the nanoscale Li2MnO3 and LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 phases. Consequently, the severely constrained activation of Li2MnO3 during the first charging could be attributed to a nanoscale phase separation in LLO, hindering Li‐ion transport through its particles, and causing high impedance in the Li2MnO3 domain/Li6PS5Cl interface. This study could facilitate interface design of high‐performance LLO‐based ASSLBs.
Elucidation of the principle of microwave rubber vulcanization based on dielectric parameters and vulcanization of tire rubber by variable frequency microwave
Authors: Okumura Kyosuke , Saiki Aya , Hojo Masahiro , Takizawa Toshiki , Horikoshi Satoshi
Published: August 2022

The microwave vulcanization of tire rubber was investigated by monitoring the dielectric properties of the rubber polymer and other components of the formulation (including carbon filler, antioxidant, and vulcanization agents) as functions of frequency and temperature. The effect of the vulcanization reaction on the dielectric properties during heating was also assessed. The physical interaction between the crosslinked structure and the carbon black significantly favors the responsiveness to microwaves during the vulcanization reaction. Based on these basic data, microwave irradiation conditions were determined, and model tire samples were microwave vulcanized in a PTFE mold. It has achieved a shorter time of heating and 65% energy saving, but on the other hand, it has become clear that the vulcanization produces very poor physical quality compared to vulcanization by electric furnace heating. To solve this problem, we performed microwave irradiation using variable frequency microwave (VFM; 5.85 ~ 6.65 GHz) using glass fiber on polyetherketoneketone (PEEK/GF) mold. In VFM, compared to conventional fixed frequency microwave (FFM), successfully synthesized high‐quality tire rubber because it showed 4.2, 1.1, 2.0, 1.2, and 1.8 times higher values in terms of cross‐linking density value, hardness value, tensile strength, elongation at break, and 200% modulus, respectively.
Tunable shape memory property polyurethane with high glass transition temperature composed of polycarbonate diols
Authors: Mao Hsu‐I , Chen Chin‐Wen , Guo Li‐Yin , Rwei Syang‐Peng
Published: August 2022

A series of polyurethane (PU) copolymers was synthesized by 4,4‐Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) with different polyols of polyether, polyether carbonate (PEC), and polycarbonate with the same molecular weight via a one‐step copolymerization process. The synthesized PU containing the ether carbonate groups exhibited a relatively higher glass transition temperature (Tg) above 45°C; in comparison, a value of 12.4°C for the polycarbonate sample and −22°C for the polyether sample was observed. The film made of PEC samples produced by solvent indicated an increment of Tg from 14.6 to 59.6°C after annealing for 6 h, which might be due to the rearrangement of chain structure, which led to an assembling of carbonate groups and resulted in a hindrance of chain mobility. For shape memory examination of the PU copolymers, all samples showed remarkable ability as recovery rate above 91% after 3 cycles test. PEC‐type PU polymers reveal potential high‐temperature micro shape memory material applications.
Effects of chitosan molecular weight and deacetylation degree on the properties of collagen‐chitosan composite films for food packaging
Authors: Zheng Tingting , Tang Pingping , Li Guoying
Published: August 2022

Composite films based on collagen and chitosan with different molecular weights (MWs) and deacetylation degree (DD) are prepared for food packaging. Fourier‐transform infrared analysis indicates that more hydrogen bonds have formed between collagen molecules and chitosan with larger MW or higher DD due to their more reactive groups for interactions. The light barrier capacity, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composite films enhanced with increasing the MW or DD of chitosan. However, composite film with the lowest MW of 50 kDa possesses the best antioxidative and antibacterial activities. Among all the films, composite films containing chitosan with low MW of 50 kDa and high DD of 95% exhibit better preservation effect in pork. The shelf life of pork wrapped with film containing chitosan of 50 kDa has been extended to 3 days with the lowest total volatile basic nitrogen level (12.13 mg/100 g), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance value (0.541 mg malondialdehyde/kg) and total viable count (5.64 log colony forming unit/g). These results indicate that MW and DD of chitosan are two important factors that should be considered when designing collagen‐chitosan composite films for food packaging.
Compatibilized thermoplastic elastomers based on highly filled polyethylene with ground tire rubber
Authors: Liu Shuang , Peng Zonglin , Zhang Yong , Rodrigue Denis , Wang Shifeng
Published: August 2022

Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) based on ground tire rubber (GTR) are good strategies for the circular economy and sustainable development of waste tire rubber recycling. However, several parameters must be optimized to produce valuable TPE. The most important ones are GTR concentration and dispersion, as well as crosslinking degree, combined with interfacial interactions between the GTR and the thermoplastic matrix. In this work, TPE based on highly filled linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) with GTR (50%–90%) was prepared via dynamic vulcanization. In particular, different reclaimed GTR (RR) was used alone or with a compatibilizer (maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, PE‐g‐MAH) to prepare compatibilized TPE. The interactions between the rubber and plastic were quantified by a series of characterizations including mechanical tests, rheological measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the mechanical properties and processability decreased with increasing GTR content. Although the interfacial compatibility was improved with a higher GTR reclamation degree, the TPE mechanical properties were still gradually decreasing. To improve on these results, PE‐g‐MAH was added to increase the GTR‐LLDPE interfacial interactions. The results showed improvement in terms of mechanical properties and processability, especially for compatibilized TPE based on RR (tensile strength increased from 3.34 to 4.82 MPa and elongation at break from 91% to 101%).
Irradiation and parasitism affect the ability of larval hemocytes of Anastrepha obliqua for phagocytosis and the production of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Gómez‐Alonso Itzia , Baltierra‐Uribe Shantal , Sánchez‐Torres Luvia , Cancino‐Diaz Mario , Cancino‐Diaz Juan , Rodriguez‐Martinez Sandra , Ovruski Sergio M. , Hendrichs Jorge , Cancino Jorge
Published: August 2022

The development of the parasitoid Doryctobracon crawfordi (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Anastrepha obliqua (McQuart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae is unviable in nature; however, if the host larva is irradiated at 160 Gy, the parasitoid develops and emerges successfully. This suggests that radiation affects the immune responses of A. obliqua larvae, while the underlying mechanisms remain to be revealed. Using optical and electronic microscopies we determined the number and type of hemocyte populations found inside the A. obliqua larvae, either nonirradiated, irradiated at 160 Gy, parasitized by D. crawfordi, or irradiated and parasitized. Based on flow cytometry, the capacity to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by the 123‐dihydrorhodamine method in those hemocyte cells. Five cell populations were found in the hemolymph of A. obliqua larvae, two of which (granulocytes and plasmatocytes) can phagocytize and produce ROS. A reduction in the number of cells, mainly of the phagocytic type, was observed, as well as the capacity of these cells to produce ROS, when A. obliqua larvae were irradiated. Both radiation and parasitization decreased the ROS production, and when A. obliqua larvae were irradiated followed by parasitization by D. crawfordi, the reduction of the ROS level was even greater. In contrast, a slight increase in the size of these cells was observed in the hemolymph of the parasitized larvae compared to those in nonparasitized larvae. These results suggest that radiation significantly affects the phagocytic cells of A. obliqua and thus permits the development of the parasitoid D. crawfordi.
Peptidoglycan recognition protein 6 (PGRP6) from Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) serve as a pattern recognition receptor in innate immune response
Authors: Mei Xianghan , Peng Peilin , Li Chun , Qiao Peitong , He Enxi , Qiu Zhiyong , Xia Dingguo , Zhao Qiaoling , Shen Dongxu
Published: August 2022

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) recognize invading microbes via detecting peptidoglycans from microbial cell walls. PGRPs are highly conserved from insects to vertebrates and all play roles during the immune defensive response. Ten putative PGRPs have been identified through transcriptome analysis in the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée). Whereas, the biochemical functions of most of them have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we found PGRP6 messenger RNA exhibited extremely high expression levels in the midgut, and its transcript level increased dramatically upon bacterial infection. Moreover, the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay indicated recombinant PGRP6 exhibited a strong binding affinity to peptidoglycans from Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis, which could agglutinate M. luteus and yeast Pichia pastoris. Additionally, we demonstrated that PGRP6 was involved in the pathway of antimicrobial peptides synthesis, but could not enhance encapsulation and melanization of hemocytes. Overall, our results indicated that O. furnacalis PGRP6 serves as a pattern recognition receptor and detects peptidoglycans from microbes to initiate the immune response.
Combination of Two Monoclonal Anti–Citrullinated Protein Antibodies Induced Tenosynovitis, Pain, and Bone Loss in Mice in a Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase‐4–Dependent Manner
Authors: Krishnamurthy Akilan , Circiumaru Alexandra , Sun Jitong , Kisten Yogan , Damberg Peter , Sakuraba Koji , Sandor Katalin , Jarvoll Patrik , Zhou Tunhe , Malmström Vivianne , Svensson Camilla I. , Hensvold Aase , Catrina Anca I. , Klareskog Lars , Réthi Bence
Published: August 2022

Objective

The appearance of anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) in the circulation represents a major risk factor for developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patient‐derived ACPAs have been shown to induce pain and bone erosion in mice, suggesting an active role in the pathogenicity of RA. We undertook this study to investigate whether ACPAs can induce tenosynovitis, an early sign of RA, in addition to pain and bone loss and whether these symptoms are dependent on peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4).

Methods

Monoclonal ACPAs generated from plasma cells of RA patients were transferred to wild‐type and PAD4‐deficient mice. Pain‐like behavior and macroscopic inflammation were monitored for a period of 4 weeks, followed by the analyses of tenosynovitis in the ankle joints using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bone microarchitecture in the tibia using an X‐ray microscope. Microscopic changes in the tendon sheath were analyzed in decalcified ankle joint sections.

Results

The combination of 2 monoclonal ACPAs (1325:04C03 and 1325:01B09) induced long‐lasting pain‐like behavior and trabecular bone loss in mice. Although no synovitis was observed macroscopically, we detected tenosynovitis in the ACPA‐injected mice by MRI. Microscopic analyses of the joints revealed a cellular hyperplasia and a consequent enlargement of the tendon sheath in the ACPA‐treated group. In PAD4−/− mice, the effects of ACPAs on pain‐like behavior, tenosynovitis, and bone loss were significantly reduced.

Conclusion

Monoclonal ACPAs can induce tenosynovitis in addition to pain and bone loss via mechanisms dependent on PAD4‐mediated citrullination.

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A multi‐stakeholder engagement framework for knowledge management in ICT4D
Authors: Thomas Manoj A. , Li Yan , Sistenich Vera , Diango Ken Ngoy , Kabongo Diulu
Published: August 2022

Knowledge management (KM) is increasingly important to the field of information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D). Yet, scant literature has addressed KM in the ICT4D context. This study takes an important step toward addressing this gap by conceptualizing KM in the context of ICT4D based on the people‐process‐technology perspective. To elicit KM factors most relevant to ICT4D, a Delphi study is conducted with a panel of experts representing three key stakeholder groups (beneficiaries, partners, and designers) with cumulative experience of leading ICT4D projects in 25 countries. Based on the Delphi study findings, 16 factors relevant to KM in ICT4D are synthesized. A multi‐stakeholder engagement framework for KM in ICT4D and an activity checklist are proposed. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing insights into the differing views of stakeholders related to KM practices in ICT4D projects. Practitioners may find the framework and checklist useful in coordinating and managing KM in ICT4D projects. As development initiatives become increasingly knowledge focused, the study calls upon researchers for more enquiry in this progressive area of study.
The effectiveness of flagging content belonging to prominent individuals: The case of Donald Trump on Twitter
Authors: Chipidza Wallace , Yan Jie (Kevin)
Published: August 2022

There is vigorous debate as to whether influential social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook should censor objectionable posts by prominent individuals in the United States and elsewhere. A tentative middle ground is employing content moderation to signal to social media audiences that certain posts may contain objectionable information through the mechanism of flagging. Existing studies have mainly examined the effect of flagging regular users' content. To add to this emerging literature stream, we examine the effect of flagging when the underlying content is produced by a prominent individual. Leveraging Twitter's moderation activities on former U.S. President Donald Trump's tweets as our empirical setting, we employ three machine learning algorithms to estimate the effect of flagging Trump's tweets. We explore preliminary evidence as to whether these posts were retweeted less or more than expected. Our results indicate that the flagged tweets were retweeted at higher rates than expected. Our findings suggest that flagging content of prominent individuals on social media might be ineffective or even counterproductive in curbing the spread of content deemed objectionable by social media companies.
The Labile Nature of Air Stable Ni(II)/Ni(0)‐phosphine/Olefin Catalysts/Intermediates: EDA‐NOCV Analysis
Authors: Gorantla Sai Manoj N. V. T. , Mondal Kartik Chandra
Published: August 2022

Metal ions‐based inorganic‐organic hybrid composites are often reported acting as good to excellent catalysts with various substrate scopes under milder reaction conditions. The active catalyst of a catalytic cycle is sometimes proposed to be a short‐lived reactive intermediate species. A three coordinate (L−Me)Ni(II) intermediate species [L−Me=O2N donor dianionic ligand] can bind with short‐lived carbene‐ester ligands to produce four coordinate Ni(II) species which can act as carbene transfer intermediate under suitable reaction conditions for C−H functionalization and/or cyclopropanation reactions. The dissociation of phosphine (PPh3) from the Ni(II) centre of (L−Me)Ni(II)(PPh3) (1 a) and binding of short lived carbene esters (:CR1−CO2R2; R1=H, Ph; R2=aliphatic group; 2–4 and other carbenes; 5–10) to Ni(II) rationalize the phenomenon in solution. Air stable Ni(0)‐olefin complexes/intermediates (12–18) have recently been shown to mediate a variety of organic transformations. This analysis will further help organic/organometallic chemists to rationalize the design and synthesis of future catalysts for organic transformation. EDA‐NOCV calculations have been performed to shed light on the stability and bonding of those species. Additionally, our analysis provides a proper reason why the analogous (L−Me)Pd−PPh3 complex (1 b) does not dissociate in solution and hence, a similar catalytic product has not been isolated from identical reaction conditions. The stability and the labile nature of Ni(II/0) complexes have been investigated by state‐of‐the‐art EDA‐NOCV analyses.
Application of Nanopore Sensors for Biomolecular Interactions and Drug Discovery
Authors: Jeong Ki‐Baek , Kim Jin‐Sik , Dhanasekar Naresh Niranjan , Lee Mi‐Kyung , Chi Seung‐Wook
Published: August 2022

Biomolecular interactions, such as protein‐protein, protein‐nucleic acid, and protein/nucleic acid‐ligand interactions, play crucial roles in various cellular signaling and biological processes, and offer attractive therapeutic targets in numerous human diseases. Currently, drug discovery is limited by the low efficiency and high cost of conventional ensemble‐averaging‐based techniques for biomolecular interaction analysis and high‐throughput drug screening. Nanopores are an emerging technology for single‐molecule sensing of biomolecules. Owing to the notable merits of single‐molecule sensing, nanopore sensors have contributed tremendously to nucleic acid sequencing and disease diagnostics. In this minireview, we summarize the recent developments and outlooks in single‐molecule sensing of various biomolecular interactions for drug discovery applications using biological and solid‐state nanopore sensors.
First trimester COVID‐19 and the risk of major congenital malformations–International Registry of Coronavirus Exposure in Pregnancy
Authors: Hernández‐Díaz Sonia , Smith Louisa H. , Wyszynski Diego F. , Rasmussen Sonja A.
Published: August 2022

There is limited information about the effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection during the first trimester of pregnancy on the risk of major congenital malformations (MCMs). The International Registry of Coronavirus Exposure in Pregnancy (IRCEP) was designed to estimate the relative risk of adverse perinatal outcomes among women with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) at specific times during gestation. Adult women were eligible to enroll if they had a SARS‐CoV‐2 test, regardless of the results, or clinically confirmed COVID‐19 during pregnancy. Self‐administered questionnaires collected data on SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, pregnancy outcomes (including detailed questions on MCMs), and potential confounders. The analysis of MCMs includes women with either a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR test or a clinical diagnosis of COVID‐19 during the first trimester (exposed group) or a negative SARS‐CoV‐2 test (reference) that enrolled while pregnant. Sensitivity analyses were restricted to participants who enrolled before the availability of informative prenatal screening tests and extended to those enrolled after end of pregnancy. Generalized linear models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Of 17,163 participants enrolled between June 2020 and July 2021, 1727 had a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during the first trimester, of whom 1,675 enrolled during pregnancy. Of 10,235 controls with a negative test during pregnancy, 4,172 enrolled during pregnancy. Restriction to participants with complete follow‐up reduced the sample size to 92 exposed and 292 unexposed reference pregnancies. MCMs were reported in 3 (3.3%) exposed and 8 (2.7%) unexposed (RR 1.2; 95% CI 0.32–4.2) newborns. The RR was 2.5 (95%CI 0.23–27) among those enrolled before prenatal screening, and 2.2 (95%CI 0.89–5.3) in the overall study population including those enrolled post‐pregnancy. No specific pattern of malformations was observed. Although results are compatible with no major teratogenic effects associated with maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, RR estimates were imprecise and larger studies are warranted.
Is extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields applicable to gliomas? A literature review of the underlying mechanisms and application of extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields
Authors: Huang Mengqian , Li Parker , Chen Feng , Cai Zehao , Yang Shoubo , Zheng Xiaohong , Li Wenbin
Published: August 2022

Gliomas refer to a group of complicated human brain tumors with a low 5‐year survival rate and limited therapeutic options. Extremely low‐frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (ELF‐PEMF) is a specific magnetic field featuring almost no side effects. However, the application of ELF‐PEMF in the treatment of gliomas is rare. This review summarizes five significant underlying mechanisms including calcium ions, autophagy, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and reactive oxygen species, and applications of ELF‐PEMF in glioma treatment from a clinical practice perspective. In addition, the prospects of ELF‐PEMF in combination with conventional therapy for the treatment of gliomas are reviewed. This review benefits any specialists, especially oncologists, interested in this new therapy because it can help treat patients with gliomas properly.
Vestibular tunnel approach in restoring non‐carious cervical lesion gingival recessions with combination of bioceramics and collagen matrix: A case report with a 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Chang Kai‐Chiao Joe , Mumford John H. , Long Alex , Ton Vinh H.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Non‐carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) can compromise the integrity to both hard and soft tissues of teeth. This case report introduces a novel interdisciplinary technique by utilizing bioceramics‐based cement (BBC) and porcine collagen matrix (CM) to reconstruct the dentogingival complex where enamel, dentin, and soft tissues were involved.

Case presentation

A 38‐year‐old healthy male was referred to the periodontics department for gingival recessions teeth #27–29 and a deep (NCCL) on the facial (F) #28 involving the loss of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The F #28 was restored with BBC according to manufacturing instructions. Soft tissues of #27–29 were simultaneously augmented with two CM strips via a coronally advanced tunnel utilizing suspended sutures. At the 6‐month follow‐up, approximately 100% root coverages were obtained for #27 and 29. The F #28 gingival tissue stabilized at the anticipated level of maximum root coverage (MRC), 1 mm apical to the coronally displaced CEJ. The exposed layer of BBC, F #28, was veneered with resin‐modified glass ionomer to re‐establish the original position of the CEJ. At the one‐year follow‐up visit root coverage for #28 remained stable and probing depths remained unchanged at 2 mm F #27–29. A sectional cone beam computed tomography scan illustrated the BBC restoration remained intact and well adapted.

Conclusion

The 12‐month follow‐up illustrated that the BBC may be a viable restorable material while performing simultaneous gingival grafting with CM in deep NCCLs with gingival recessions.

Key points

Why is this case new information?

A novel approach treating the deep non‐carious cervical lesion with BBC and CM.

What are the keys to successful management of this case?

The BBC placement needs to be flat.

Secure the surgical site with non‐resorbable suspensory sutures fixed by flowable composite.

What are the primary limitations to success in this case?

The primary limitation to success is the blood moisture control which may limit the placement of collagen matrix strips via the portal entry.
Do not put the blame on me: Asymmetric responses to service outcome with autonomous vehicles versus human agents
Authors: Pozharliev Rumen , De Angelis Matteo , Donato Carmela , Rossi Dario
Published: August 2022

The present study aims to examine customer responses to negative (vs. positive) service outcome with an autonomous vehicle (AV) vis‐à‐vis human agent. In the first study we manipulate the outcome of the service (negative vs. positive) and the type of service agent (AV vs. human) to evaluate customers' satisfaction with the service. Based on the results of the first study, in the second study we focus only on the negative outcome scenario and we examine how the perceived blame of the AV (vs. human agent) affects customers' satisfaction. Finally, in the third study we introduce another mediator, namely perceived competence, which explains why people attribute less blame to the AV (vs. human agent). Customers' satisfaction is higher for the AV only in the case of a negative service outcome, while no differences emerge when the service had a positive outcome. Additionally, AVs (vs. human agent) are perceived as less competent and blameworthy, leading to a higher customer satisfaction with the service in case of a negative outcome. These results show a customer under‐reaction to negative service outcome with AVs. This has relevance for the design and policy implications related to AVs. Our results also provide insights into the psychological underpinnings of acceptance of AVs replacing human agents. This study extends previous literature by showing circumstances in which customers are more (or less) satisfied with an AVs (vs. human agents) and the psychological drivers of these asymmetrical responses.
Six New Polyoxygenated Xanthones from Garcinia cowa and Their Neuroprotective Effects on Glutamate‐Mediated Hippocampal Neuronal HT22 Cell Death
Authors: Nguyen Thi Kim An , Nguyen Bao Ngoc , Hoang Thi Minh Nguyet , Doan Lan Phuong , Phan Minh Giang , Lee Heesu , Kim Dae Won , Lee Jae Wook , Tran Thi Thu Thuy
Published: August 2022

Six new polyoxygenated xanthones, garcicowanones F–H (1‐3), norcowanol A–B (4‐5), and garcinone F (6) along with twelve known compounds 7–18 were obtained from the latex of Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy. All new compounds have a 1,3,7‐trioxygenated or 1,3,6,7‐tetraoxygenated xanthone nucleus and differ from majority of xanthones from G. cowa by hydrated side chains. Compounds 1, 7, 8 and 18 exhibited significant neuroprotective effects on glutamate‐mediated hippocampal neuronal HT22 cell death. In particular, compound 1 exhibited the most potent neuroprotective effect with >80 % cell viability in the concentration range of 2.9–115 μM. Further studies on compound 1 showed that it decreased cellular Ca2+ influx and inhibits cellular reactive oxygen species generation in HT22 cells. A Western blot analysis showed that MAPK phosphorylation, Bax, and AIF translocation dramatically increased upon treatment with 5 mM glutamate and decreased upon a co‐treatment with compound 1.
Cystic fibrosis and jejunoileal atresia: A clinical case
Authors: Cunha Sara Bernardes da , Rasteiro Cátia , Silva Manuela , Dias Mariana , Araújo Célia , Ramalho Carla
Published: August 2022

We present a case report of a fetal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis after ultrasound abnormalities. After delivery, a type 3A intestinal atresia was diagnosed. Segmental enterectomy with end‐to‐end anastomosis was performed. This case report highlights the diagnosis complexity of a fetal intestinal atresia associated with cystic fibrosis.
Posttraumatic ascending myelopathy after spinal cord injury in a young man: A case report
Authors: Esmaeilnia Mostafa , Asadi Mona , Sharara Hussein
Published: August 2022

A 29‐year‐old man developed subacute posttraumatic ascending myelopathy 5 days after a spinal cord injury. He developed a fever and a blood culture showed an Alkaligenes spp. infection. Despite antibiotic and high‐dose corticosteroid therapy, same neurological deficits persisted, and a follow‐up MRI showed atrophy and swelling in the cervical cord.
Isolated leukemia cutis as extramedullary relapse of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Dadrass Farinoosh , Esmail Fatema , Regmi Aayushma , Mudaliar Kumaran , Mirza Kamran M. , Kini Ameet R. , Kim Wendy , Hagen Patrick , Hossain Nasheed M.
Published: August 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) arises from clonal expansion of malignant hematopoietic precursor cells in the bone marrow. In rare instances, AML can recur with prominent extramedullary manifestations (i.e., leukemia cutis or myeloid sarcoma), either simultaneously or preceding marrow involvement, or as a sole site of primary disease relapse.
Invasive ductal carcinoma of breast with neuroendocrine differentiation: A case report
Authors: Aryal Vinayak , Singh Moushami , Neupane Karun , Marhatta Adwait , Amatya Kapendra S. , Dhakal Hari P.
Published: August 2022

Primary invasive breast carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation is an uncommon presentation. We hereby report a case diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation in a 52‐year‐old female patient who presented with a painless right breast lump.
Ophthalmia neonatorum due to Escherichia coli: A rare cause or an emerging bacterial etiology of neonatal conjunctivitis?
Authors: Saadeh‐Jackson Stephanie , Rodriguez Linnet , Leffler Christopher T. , Freymiller Casey , Wolf Elizabeth , Wijesooriya Niran , Couser Natario L.
Published: August 2022

Since the introduction of universal gonococcal and chlamydia prophylaxis, other etiologies for neonatal conjunctivitis such as Escherichia coli have become more common. Early eye culturing as part of the management plan could provide swifter treatment and preservation of vision potential in affected neonates.
Surgical correction of third eyelid cartilage eversion in an Anglo‐Nubian goat: A case report
Authors: Donohue Laura K. , Mack Zoe E. , Ledbetter Eric C.
Published: August 2022

This case of everted third eyelid cartilage in a goat demonstrates that everted cartilage occurs in animals other than domestic dogs and cats. Everted cartilage in the goat can be treated successfully with surgical excision of the abnormally bent cartilage.
Effect of electrolyte solubility and column inclination on the performance of monoethylene glycol regeneration process
Authors: Kim Hyunho , Jung Jong Yeon , Park Ki‐Heum , Seo Yutaek
Published: August 2022

In this study, the solubilities of potassium‐chloride (KCl) in aqueous monoethylene glycol (MEG) solution and the vapour pressure of aqueous MEG solution containing KCl were investigated. A thermodynamic model was modified based on the data obtained to predict the solubilities of KCl, which was then applied to optimize the MEG regeneration process that is widely used in offshore gas fields. The solubility of KCl in the aqueous MEG solution decreased with an increase in MEG concentration and a decrease in temperature. The presence of KCl in aqueous MEG solution decreased the vapour pressure, thus increasing the boiling temperature at the corresponding pressure. A thermodynamic model based on the electrolyte non‐random two‐liquid (NRTL) coupled with the Redlich–Kwong (RK) equation of state was employed by modifying the binary interaction parameters using the experimental data. The modified model predicted the solubilities of KCl and the vapour pressure of aqueous MEG solutions, which were in good agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, the distillation column in pilot‐scale MEG regeneration was inclined to simulate the movement of the offshore platform, showing decreasing MEG concentration, possibly due to the distribution issues inside the column.
Isolation of a Natural Killer Group 2D Small‐Molecule Ligand from DNA‐Encoded Chemical Libraries
Authors: Dakhel Sheila , Galbiati Andrea , Migliorini Francesca , Comacchio Claudia , Oehler Sebastian , Prati Luca , Scheuermann Jörg , Cazzamalli Samuele , Neri Dario , Bassi Gabriele , Favalli Nicholas
Published: August 2022

Natural Killer Group 2D (NKG2D) is a homo‐dimeric transmembrane protein which is typically expressed on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, gamma delta T (γδT) cells, activated CD8 positive T‐cells and activated macrophages. Bispecific molecules, capable of bridging NKG2D with a target protein expressed on the surface of tumor cells, may be used to redirect the cytotoxic activity of NK‐cells towards antigen‐positive malignant T‐cells. In this work, we report the discovery of a novel NKG2D small molecule binder [KD=(410±60) nM], isolated from a DNA‐Encoded Chemical Library (DEL). The discovery of small organic NKG2D ligands may facilitate the generation of fully synthetic bispecific adaptors, which may serve as an alternative to bispecific antibody products and which may benefit from better tumor targeting properties.
Brain aging, Alzheimer's disease, and the role of stem cells in primate comparative studies
Authors: August Isabel , Semendeferi Katerina , Marchetto Maria Carolina
Published: August 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is ultimately fatal. Currently, millions of Americans are living with AD, and this number is predicted to grow with increases in the aging population. Interestingly, despite the prevalence of AD in human populations, the full AD phenotype has not been observed in any nonhuman primate (NHP) species, and it has been suggested that NHPs are immune to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.

Here, we review the typical age‐related changes and pathologies in humans along with the neuropathologic changes associated with AD, and we place this information in the context of the comparative neuropathology of NHPs. We further propose the use of induced pluripotent stem cell technology as a way of addressing initial molecular processes and changes that occur in neurons and glia (in both humans and NHPs) when exposed to AD‐inducing pathology prior to cell death.