bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robotic assisted versus laparoscopic surgery for deep endometriosis: a meta-analysis of current evidence
Authors: Pavone Matteo , Baroni Alessandro , Campolo Federica , Goglia Marta , Raimondo Diego , Carcagnì Antonella , Akladios Cherif , Marescaux Jacques , Fanfani Francesco , Scambia Giovanni , Ianieri Manuel Maria
Published: May 2024

Endometriosis is a benign inflammatory onco-mimetic disease affecting 10–15% of women in the world. When it is refractory to medical treatments, surgery may be required. Usually, laparoscopy is the preferred approach, but robotic surgery has gained popularity in the last 15 years. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RAS) versus conventional laparoscopic surgery (LPS) in the treatment of endometriosis. This study adheres to PRISMA guidelines and is registered with PROSPERO. Studies reporting perioperative data comparing RAS and LPS surgery in patients with endometriosis querying PubMed, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov were included in the analysis. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool (QUADAS-2) was used for the quality assessment of the selected articles. Fourteen studies were identified, including 2709 patients with endometriosis stage I-IV for the meta-analysis. There were no significant differences between RAS and LPS in terms of intraoperative and postoperative complications, conversion rate and estimated blood loss. However, patients in the RAS group have a longer operative time (p < 0.0001) and longer hospital stay (p = 0.020) than those in the laparoscopic group. Robotic surgery is not inferior to laparoscopy in patients with endometriosis in terms of surgical outcomes; however, RAS requires longer operative times and longer hospital stay. The benefits of robotic surgery should be sought in the easiest potential integration of robotic platforms with new technologies. Prospective studies comparing laparoscopy to the new robotic systems are desirable for greater robustness of scientific evidence.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B diagnosed after small intestinal volvulus with progressive megacolon in an adolescent
Authors: Sakai Yusuke , Nakayama Yoshiko , Kurasawa Shingo , Sado Tomomitsu , Kato Sawako , Hidaka Nao , Takamizawa Shigeru , Yoshizawa Katsumi , Yoshimaru Koichiro , Taguchi Tomoaki
Published: May 2024

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by the presence of medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, Marfan-like fatigue, a peculiar face with thickening of the lips, mucosal neuromas on the lips and tongue, and gastrointestinal phenomena. Most patients harbor pathological variants of the RET gene. Herein, we present the first case of a 14 year-old boy who experienced small intestinal volvulus along with a megacolon, and he was diagnosed with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B. The patient complained of constipation since he was 2 years old and slowly progressive abdominal distension at school age. At 14 years of age, he presented with remarkable megacolon mimicking Hirschsprung’s disease and complicated with small intestinal volvulus. The volvulus was successfully repaired, and the particularly dilated transverse colon was resected following a rectal biopsy. Histopathological evaluation of the resected transverse colon revealed to be compatible with ganglioneuromatosis. After emergency surgery, the patient was diagnosed with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B with medullary thyroid carcinoma, and a de novo variant of RET was confirmed. Gastroenterologists should consider it when treating patients with constipation, especially those with megacolon. Therefore, timely diagnosis may lead to appropriate treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma and improve mortality.
Emerging mycotoxin occurrence in chicken feed and eggs from Algeria
Authors: Laouni Chahinez , Lara Francisco J. , Messai Ahmed , Redouane-Salah Sara , Hernández-Mesa Maykel , Gámiz-Gracia Laura , García-Campaña Ana M.
Published: May 2024

Poultry farming has developed into one of Algeria’s most productive industrial farming because of the growing demand for sources of protein among Algerian society. Laying hen feed consists mainly of cereals, which can be contaminated with molds and subsequently with their secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins. These later can pose a serious danger to the production and quality of eggs in the commercial layer industry. This work focuses on the detection of emerging mycotoxins, mainly enniatins (ENNs) and beauvericin (BEA), in poultry feed and eggs from different locations in Algeria. Two different QuEChERS-based extractions were established to extract ENNs and BEA from chicken feed and eggs. The determination of mycotoxin occurrence was achieved by a UHPLC-MS/MS method using 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and MeOH as mobile phase, an ESI interface operating in positive mode, and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in MRM for the detection. Matrix-matched calibration curves were carried out for both matrices, obtaining good linearity (R2 > 0.99). The method performance was assessed in terms of extraction recovery (from 87 to 107%), matrix effect (from − 47 to − 86%), precision (RSD < 15%), and limits of quantitation (≤ 1.1 µg/kg for feed and ≤ 0.8 µg/kg for eggs). The analysis of 10 chicken feed samples and 35 egg samples composed of a 10-egg pool each showed that ENN B1 was the most common mycotoxin (i.e., found in 9 feed samples) with contamination levels ranging from 3.6 to 41.5 µg/kg, while BEA was detected only in one feed sample (12 µg/kg). However, eggs were not found to be contaminated with any mycotoxin at the detection limit levels. Our findings indicate that the searched mycotoxins are present in traces in feed and absent in eggs. This can be explained by the application of a mycotoxin binder. However, this does not put a stop on the conduction of additional research and ultimately setting regulations to prevent the occurrence of emerging mycotoxins.
The Nexus of Artificial Intelligence and Green Innovation: a Cross-Density Analysis at the Country Level
Authors: Chun Youngsam , Hwang Junseok
Published: May 2024

This study explored the synergistic effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on green innovation at the national level by identifying three core activities in green innovation: entry, exit, and sustained specialization in green technologies. Employing a comprehensive three-way fixed-effects panel model, we analyzed green innovation trends in 139 countries over a 30-year period. Our findings emphasize that technological capability, especially in green and AI technologies, is more pivotal than economic wealth in securing comparative advantages in green technologies. One notable observation is the path-dependent development of green technology, which suggests a propensity for nations to build new technologies based on existing strengths. A key contribution of this study is the development of the “AI-Green Cross-Density” model. This innovative method quantifies the interactions between green and AI technologies and highlights the role of AI in promoting green innovation. The influence of AI on the introduction of new green technologies has become more pronounced in recent years, particularly in economically less-developed countries. Our findings indicate that the integration of modern AI can significantly enhance green technology sectors in mid-to-low-income countries, providing vital insights for policymakers striving to foster a sustainable and technologically advanced future.
Regularity results for solutions to elliptic obstacle problems in limit cases
Authors: Farroni Fernando , Manzo Gianluigi
Published: May 2024

We prove the Lewy–Stampacchia’s inequality for elliptic variational inequalities with obstacle involving Leray–Lions type operator whose simpler model case is given by the following $$\begin{aligned} u \in W^{1,N}_0(\Omega )\mapsto -\Delta _N u-\text {div}\left( B (x) |u|^{N-2}u \right) \end{aligned}$$

u
∈

W
0

1
,
N

(
Ω
)

↦
-

Δ
N

u
-
div

B

(
x
)

|
u
|

N
-
2

u

where $$\Omega $$
Ω
is a smooth bounded domain of $$\mathbb {R}^N$$

R

N

with $$N\geqslant 2$$

N
⩾
2

, $$\Delta _N u$$

Δ
N

u

denotes the classical N–Laplacian operator and the coefficient $$B:\Omega \rightarrow \mathbb {R}^N$$

B
:
Ω
→

R

N

belongs to a suitable Lorentz–Zygmund space. For this kind of obstacle problems, we also provide regularity results and amongst them we give sufficient conditions to get boundedness of solutions.
Urban climate resilience in Africa: a review of nature-based solution in African cities' adaptation plans
Authors: Kiribou Razak , Djene Sintayehu , Bedadi Bobe , Ntirenganya Elie , Ndemere Julius , Dimobe Kangbéni
Published: May 2024

Cities are globally exposed to climate change effects, which revealed that 55% of the world's population is at risk. Despite their low contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions, African cities are paying the highest cost of the threats caused by climate change due to their rapid urban community growth, high population density, and inadequate urban planning. This review has explored and demonstrated the benefit of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) implementation for urban climate crisis resilience that have been implemented globally for sharing information on sustainable city planning in Africa. The analysis is based on the African countries’ Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) reports, the institution’s review, and scientific articles. The successful implementation of NbS since 2015 in developed countries confirms that NbS has a multi-functional environmental benefit for urban and pre-urban populations. It reduces cities' vulnerability to climate threats and advances numerous Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) achievement. It revealed only 15 (27,7%) African countries have implemented NbS with 119 projects to adapt and tackle climate change in water, agriculture, forest and woodland, coastal and marine habitat, grassland, and mountain habitat sectors. Rural areas are paid more attention than cities despite the rapid urbanization in the face of extreme climate effects. Furthermore, the review process observed some challenges in translating the approaches of NbS into measurable actions for African urban climate resilience: (i) issues in the governance of urban planning and policies; (ii) insufficient mobilization of resources and lack of private sector involvement in financing NbS; and (iii) lack of comprehensive evidence-based strategies and knowledge for successful operationalization of NbS in African cities.
Green and sustainable synthesis of the ZnONPs using leaf extract of Guazuma ulmifolia for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
Authors: Dafalla Salah Eldeen , Aldabaan Nayef Abdulaziz , Muddapur Uday M. , Angadi Shivani , Patil Laxmikant R. , Shaikh Ibrahim Ahmed , Khan Aejaz Abdullatif , Iqubal S. M. Shakeel , Shet Anil R. , Desai Shivalingsarj V. , Hombalimath Veeranna S.
Published: May 2024

The main objectives of the current study were synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using the aqueous leaf extract of Guazuma ulmifolia (G. ulmifolia) plant and assessing its antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. The nanoparticles were characterized using Ultraviolet Visible (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ZnONPs exhibited a maximum peak at 342 nm in the UV–Vis spectrum, indicating their absorption properties. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups, such as OH and COOH which likely contributed to the stability of the nanoparticles. The XRD analysis confirmed the spherical structure of the nanoparticles as indicated by distinct diffraction peaks corresponding to the lattice planes of the ZnO standard. The EDS analysis confirmed the presence of Zn, C and O in the ZnONPs. SEM analysis provided insights into the nanoparticles size, shape and surface morphology, showing an average size between 19 and 41 nm. Furthermore, the synthesized ZnONPs demonstrated excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activities against various bacteria and Candida species. This study highlights the promising potential of ZnONPs in diverse fields, including biomedicine, due to their low toxicity, economic viability and beneficial properties. It is crucial to conduct further in vivo investigations in order to determine the safety, effectiveness and compatibility of G. ulmifolia ZnONPs.
Digital twins in urban informatics
Authors: Goodchild Michael F. , Connor Dylan , Fotheringham A. Stewart , Frazier Amy , Kedron Peter , Li Wenwen , Tong Daoqin
Published: May 2024

Urban informatics appears to be a suitable area for the application of digital twins. Definitions of the term share some characteristics, but these definitions do not agree on what exactly constitutes a digital twin. The term has the potential to be misleading unless adequate attention is paid to the inherent uncertainty in any replica of a real system. The question of uncertainty is addressed, together with some of the issues that make its quantification problematic. Digital twins for urban informatics pose questions of purpose, governance, and ethics. In the final section the paper suggests some research issues that will need to be addressed if digital twins are to be successful.
Newtonian Physics Informed Neural Network (NwPiNN) for Spatio-Temporal Forecast of Visual Data
Authors: Dutta Anurag , Lakshmanan K. , Kumar Sanjeev , Ramamoorthy A.
Published: May 2024

Machine intelligence is at great height these days and has been evident with its effective provenance in almost all domains of science and technology. This work will focus on one handy and profound application of machine intelligence-time series forecast, and that too on visual data points, i.e., our objective is to predict future visual data points, given a subtle lag to work on. For the same, we would propose a deep learner, Newtonian physics informed neural network (NwPiNN) with the critical modelling capabilities of the physics informed neural networks, modelled on the laws of Newtonian physics. For computational efficacy, we would work on the gray-scale values of pixels. Since the variation in data pixel values is not only provoked by the pixel gray values but also by the velocity component of each pixel, the final prediction of the model would be a weighted average of the gray value forecast and the kinematics of each pixel, as modelled by the PINN. Besides its’ proposal, NwPiNN is subjected to benchmark visual dataset, and compared with existing models for visual time series forecast, like ConvLSTM, and CNN-LSTM, and in most of the occasions, NwPiNN is found to outperform its preliminaries.
Neoplatonic Pedagogy and the Alcibiades I
Authors: Ambury James M.
Published: May 2024

Many philosophers in the ancient world shared a unitary vision of philosophy – meaning 'love of wisdom' – not just as a theoretical discipline, but as a way of life. Specifically, for the late Neoplatonic thinkers, philosophy began with self-knowledge, which led to a person's inner conversion or transformation into a lover, a human being erotically striving toward the totality of the real. This metamorphosis amounted to a complete existential conversion. It was initiated by learned guides who cultivated higher and higher levels of virtue in their students, leading, in the end, to their vision of the Good, or the One. In this book, James M. Ambury closely analyses two central texts in this tradition: the commentaries by Proclus (412–485 AD) and Olympiodorus (495–560 AD) on the Platonic Alcibiades I. Ambury's powerful study illuminates the way philosophy was conceived during a crucial period of its history, in the lecture halls of late antiquity.
Science, Medicine, and the Aims of Inquiry
Authors: Varga Somogy
Published: May 2024

After its unparalleled rise and expansion over the past century, medicine is increasingly criticized both as a science and clinical practice for lacking scientific rigor, for contributing to overmedicalization, and for failing to offer patient-centered care. This criticism highlights serious challenges which indicate that the scope and societal role of medicine are likely to be altered in the 21st century. Somogy Varga's ground-breaking book offers a new perspective on the challenges, showing that they converge on fundamental philosophical questions about the nature and aim of medicine. Addressing these questions, Varga presents a philosophical examination of the norms and values constitutive of medicine and offers new perspectives on how to address the challenges that the criticism raises. His book will offer valuable input for rethinking the agenda of medical research, health care delivery, and the education of health care personnel.
The Kazakh Spring
Authors: Kudaibergen Diana T.
Published: May 2024

How can a de-institutionalised protest movement disrupt a solidified, repressive and extremely resilient authoritarian regime? Using the context of the Kazakh Spring protests (2019–ongoing), Diana T. Kudaibergen focuses on how the interplay between a repressive regime and democratisation struggles define and shape each other. Combining original interview data, digital ethnography and contentious politics studies, she argues that the new generation of activists, including Instagram political influencers and renowned public intellectuals, have been able to de-legitimise and counter one of the most resilient authoritarian regimes and inspire mass protests that none of the formalised opposition ever imagined possible in Kazakhstan. 'The Kazakh Spring' is the first book to detail the emergence of this political field of opportunities that allowed the possibility to rethink the political limits in Kazakhstan, essentially toppling the long-term dictator in unprecedented mass protests of the Bloody January 2022.
The Physics of Flocking
Authors: Toner John
Published: May 2024

In creatures ranging from birds to fish to wildebeest, we observe the collective and coherent motion of large numbers of organisms, known as 'flocking.' John Toner, one of the founders of the field of active matter, uses the hydrodynamic theory of flocking to explain why a crowd of people can all walk, but not point, in the same direction. Assuming a basic undergraduate-level understanding of statistical mechanics, the text introduces readers to dry active matter and describes the current status of this rapidly developing field. Through the application of powerful techniques from theoretical condensed matter physics, such as hydrodynamic theories, the gradient expansion, and the renormalization group, readers are given the knowledge and tools to explore and understand this exciting field of research. This book will be valuable to graduate students and researchers in physics, mathematics, and biology with an interest in the hydrodynamic theory of flocking.
Lingering with Multispecies Kin: Re-Turning to Encounters between Children, Invertebrates and Amphibians
Authors: Byman Jenny , Kumpulainen Kristiina , Renlund Jenny
Published: May 2024

Based on an ethnographic study in a Finnish primary school, we explored lingering as both a pedagogical approach and a methodological concept for multispecies education research and practice. Through this conceptual thinking, we “re-turned” to the multiplicities that unfolded from noticing rhythms, enterings and different lifeworlds to show how children’s lingering encounters developed into speculative inquiries about how invertebrates and amphibians generate polyphonous affects and temporalities. In our study, children’s “attuning-with” clay, waste materials, photographs, and stop-motion animation opened up the unfamiliar worlds and temporalities of invertebrates and amphibians, involving active silences, slow rhythms, and awkward becomings. Overall, the study highlights that children’s attuning-with the uncertainties of today’s socioecological world create new avenues for thinking about multispecies relationalities.
Regulators Should Value Nonhuman Animals
Authors: Sunstein Cass R.
Published: May 2024

Some regulations do not only reduce human deaths, injuries, and illnesses; they also protect nonhuman animals. Regulatory Impact Analyses, required by prevailing executive orders, usually do not disclose or explore benefits or costs with respect to nonhuman animals, even when those benefits or costs are significant. This is an inexcusable gap. If a regulation prevents dogs, horses, or cats from being killed or hurt, the benefits should be specified and quantified. This proposition holds even if those benefits are in some sense incidental to the main goal of the regulation. At the same time, turning the relevant benefits into monetary equivalents raises serious challenges, akin to those raised by the valuation of statistical children.
‘Unmaking’ the Deer in Medieval Europe: Historical and Archaeological Evidence
Authors: Albarella Umberto , Aniceti Veronica
Published: May 2024

Deer hunting was heavily ritualized in medieval Europe, as indicated by historical and archaeological evidence; it also emphasized social differentiation. The butchery of a deer carcass (‘unmaking’) was integral to the ritual and led to different body parts being destined for individuals of differing status. Archaeologically, the practice is particularly visible in high-status sites in Britain, but documentary and archaeological sources are consistent in pinpointing its earliest occurrence in twelfth-century France. In Italy, late medieval evidence for such ‘unmaking’ is present but is not supported by any known historical sources. Red and fallow deer were butchered in a formalized manner, whereas the data for roe deer are unclear. Although the Normans contributed to the diffusion of the ‘unmaking’ practice, in France it is also found outside the core area of Norman influence. The extensive spread of the practice demonstrates the connectedness of the medieval hunting culture in Europe.
Görtler-number-based scaling of boundary-layer transition on rotating cones in axial inflow
Authors: Tambe Sumit , Kato Kentaro , Hussain Zahir
Published: May 2024

This paper reports on the efficacy of the Görtler number in scaling the laminar-turbulent boundary-layer transition on rotating cones facing axial inflow. Depending on the half-cone angle

$\psi$

and axial flow strength, the competing centrifugal and cross-flow instabilities dominate the transition. Traditionally, the flow is evaluated by using two parameters: the local meridional Reynolds number

$Re_l$

comparing the inertial versus viscous effects and the local rotational speed ratio

$S$

accounting for the boundary-layer skew. We focus on the centrifugal effects, and evaluate the flow fields and reported transition points using Görtler number based on the azimuthal momentum thickness of the similarity solution and local cone radius. The results show that Görtler number alone dominates the late stages of transition (maximum amplification and turbulence onset phases) for a wide range of investigated

$S$

and half-cone angle (

$15^{\circ } \leq \psi \leq 50^{\circ }$

), although the early stage (critical phase) seems to be not determined by the Görtler number alone on the broader cones (

$\psi =30^{\circ }$

and

$50^{\circ }$

) where the primary cross-flow instability dominates the flow. Overall, this indicates that the centrifugal effects play an important role in the boundary-layer transition on rotating cones in axial inflow.
Fragmentation of colliding liquid rims
Authors: Tang K. , Adcock T.A.A. , Mostert W.
Published: May 2024

We present direct numerical simulations of the splashing process between two cylindrical liquid rims. This belongs to a class of impact and collision problems with a wide range of applications in science and engineering, and motivated here by splashing of breaking ocean waves. Interfacial perturbations with a truncated white noise frequency profile are introduced to the rims before their collision, whose subsequent morphological development is simulated by solving the two-phase incompressible Navier–Stokes equation with the adaptive mesh refinement technique, within the Basilisk software environment. We first derive analytical solutions predicting the unsteady interfacial and velocity profiles of the expanding sheet forming between the two rims, and develop scaling laws for the evolution of the lamella rim under capillary deceleration. We then analyse the formation and growth of transverse ligaments ejected from the lamella rims, which we find to originate from the initial corrugated geometry of the perturbed rim surface. Novel scaling models are proposed for predicting the decay of the ligament number density due to the ongoing ligament merging phenomenon, and found to agree well with the numerical results presented here. The role of the mechanism in breaking waves is discussed further and necessary next steps in the problem are identified.
Stability of a dispersion of elongated particles embedded in a viscous membrane
Authors: Manikantan Harishankar
Published: May 2024

We develop a mean-field model to examine the stability of a ‘quasi-2-D suspension’ of elongated particles embedded within a viscous membrane. This geometry represents several biological and synthetic settings, and we reveal mechanisms by which the anisotropic mobility of particles interacts with long-ranged viscous membrane hydrodynamics. We first show that a system of slender rod-like particles driven by a constant force is unstable to perturbations in concentration – much like sedimentation in analogous 3-D suspensions – so long as membrane viscous stresses dominate. However, increasing the contribution of viscous stresses from the surrounding 3-D fluid(s) suppresses such an instability. We then tie this result to the hydrodynamic disturbances generated by each particle in the plane of the membrane and show that enhancing subphase viscous contributions generates extensional fields that orient neighbouring particles in a manner that draws them apart. The balance of flux of particles aggregating versus separating then leads to a wave number selection in the mean-field model.
ON AUTOMORPHISMS OF
${\mathcal {P}}(\lambda )/[\lambda ]^{<\lambda }$
Authors: KELLNER JAKOB , SHELAH SAHARON , TĂNASIE ANDA RAMONA
Published: May 2024

We investigate the statement “all automorphisms of

${\mathcal {P}}(\lambda )/[\lambda ]^{<\lambda }$

are trivial.” We show that MA implies the statement for regular uncountable

$\lambda <2^{\aleph _0}$

, that the statement is false for measurable

$\lambda $

if

$2^\lambda =\lambda ^+$

, and that for “densely trivial” it can be forced (together with

$2^\lambda =\lambda ^{++}$

) for inaccessible

$\lambda $

.
Persistencias y concomitancias visuales en las figurinas arqueológicas del septentrión venezolano: Una comparación iconográfica preliminar
Authors: Caputo-Jaffé Alessandra
Published: May 2024

Este trabajo presenta una aproximación comparativa a las lógicas visuales de figurinas, vasijas efigie, sonajeras y colgantes, en su mayoría de cerámica, que proliferaron en el septentrión venezolano a partir de aproximadamente el primer milenio aC hasta la llegada de los europeos al continente americano. Se comparan transversalmente diversas iconografías halladas en el noroccidente del país, la región andina, los llanos, la región norcentral y el bajo Orinoco, partiendo de los elementos compositivos que articulan las figuras. Estas se componen de una base antropomorfa (combinación de tronco, piernas, brazos, cabeza, etcétera), que también puede conjugarse con elementos zoomorfos, los cuales podrían hacer referencia a entidades no-humanas o a procesos de transformación chamánica. Nos enfocaremos en la asociación de algunos elementos compositivos con la denotación sexual de las iconografías. Estas comparaciones nos permiten reconocer persistencias y concomitancias a través de grandes lapsos temporales y distancias geográficas, y contribuir a desmontar algunas preconcepciones que consideramos restrictivas respecto de los significados asociados a manifestaciones visuales femeninas.
Synthetic Heritage: Online platforms, deceptive genealogy and the ethics of algorithmically generated memory
Authors: Nieto McAvoy Eva , Kidd Jenny
Published: May 2024

Services offered by genealogy companies are increasingly underpinned by computational remediation and algorithmic power. Users are encouraged to employ a variety of mobile web and app plug-ins to create progressively more sophisticated forms of synthetic media featuring their (often deceased) ancestors. As the promotion of deepfake and voice-synthesizing technologies intensifies within genealogical contexts – aggrandised as mechanisms for ‘bringing people back to life’ – we argue it is crucial that we critically examine these processes and the socio-technical infrastructures that underpin them, as well as their mnemonic impacts. In this article, we present a study of two AI-enabled services released by the genealogy company MyHeritage: Deep Nostalgia (launched 2020), and DeepStory (2022). We carry out a close critical reading of these services and the outputs they produce which we understand as examples of ‘remediated memory’ (Kidd and Nieto McAvoy 2023) shaped by corporate interests. We examine the distribution of agency where the promotion by these platforms of unique and personalised experiences comes into tension with the propensity of algorithms to homogenise. The analysis intersects with nascent ethical debates about the exploitative and extractive qualities machine learning. Our research unpacks the social and (techno-)material implications of these technologies, demonstrating an enduring individual and collective need to connect with our past(s), and to test and extend our memories and recollections through increasingly intense and proximate new media formats.
Friends or Foes within the Pan-Slavic Brotherhood: A Narrative Analysis of Aleksandar Vučić’s Stance on Russia’s Aggression Against Ukraine
Authors: Němec Jiří , Zorić Bojana
Published: May 2024

Amidst the Russian aggression against Ukraine, peace and stability within the geostrategic region of the Western Balkans have come under the spotlight. While some have called for the “denazification” of the Balkans, others have firmly supported Ukraine. Among the six non-European Union states in the Balkans, the Republic of Serbia is perceived as the most visible and longstanding supporter, akin to a brotherly state, of the Russian Federation. This article aims to investigate President Vučić’s narrative in his Addresses to the Nation concerning the war in Ukraine. The objective is to gain a better understanding of Serbia’s foreign policy positioning with regard to the conflict in Ukraine. Anchored in the Regional Security Complex theory, the article examines President Vučić’s Addresses to the Nation from February 2022 to February 2023, revealing Serbia’s consistent insistence on independent decision-making in foreign policy matters, including in the context of the war in Ukraine. These Addresses to the Nation further reinforce the notion of Serbia’s multi-vector foreign policy, while also utilizing the war in Ukraine to reignite public discussions on the importance of Kosovo to Serbia’s foreign policy.
Mediators of the relationship between physical indoor spaces and individual creativity
Authors: McTeague Chris , Thoring Katja
Published: May 2024

Workspaces can enhance the creativity of the designers that occupy them. Here, we review experimental studies of creative spaces to identify constructs that mediate (explain) the relationship between physical spaces and creative performance. Through a literature review of 8 journal articles comprising 13 experiments, we identify 14 constructs involving cognitive, affective and physiological components. Knowledge of these mediators can help researchers to formulate hypotheses, select control variables, and develop conceptual models and theories of creative spaces in design.
Design to fail? The reasonably foreseeable failure and misuse
Authors: Schaub Harald , Badke-Schaub Petra
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the critical concept of "reasonably foreseeable failures and misuse" in product design. The psychology of failures and the ethical/legal implications are highlighted. The approach aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges associated with integrating reasonably foreseeable user failure and misuse into the design process. By taking a proactive approach to failure and misuse, designers can not only increase product safety, but also stimulate innovation that takes into account a wide range of user behaviour, including in unexpected circumstances.
Towards cycling engagement by mapping design interventions to observed barriers: an example from Glasgow's bike share programme
Authors: Shepherd Mia , Shealy Tripp , Urquhart Lewis , Harrington Deirdre , Maier Anja
Published: May 2024

The benefits of cycling are well-established, but how to engage people with bikes for active travel is far less understood. This study offers insights into the motivations, barriers, and design solutions associated with cycling. Interviews with 30 bike-share users in Glasgow, UK found a key motivation to be commuting time efficiency and the predominant barrier was shared space with vehicles. Alignment between the most mentioned design solution, dedicated cycling lanes, and the significant barrier of sharing space with vehicles underscores the importance of behavioural design interventions.
Co-design in virtual environments with 3D scanned childcare rooms in social virtual reality
Authors: Taoka Yuki , Nakatani Momoko , Sato Takumi , Kagohashi Kaho , Iwasawa Fuyumi , Hasegawa Shouichi , Owada Shigeru , Saito Shigeki
Published: May 2024

This research proposes a virtual environment (VE) for co-designing in early childhood education and care settings using a social VR platform with 3D-scanned childcare rooms. Co-design workshops were analyzed focusing on perceived presence and experience and workshop outcomes. The results indicate a high level of presence in the VE, with unique advantages like facilitating 3D prototyping. However, challenges such as unbalanced prototyping tools distribution were also noted. The study highlights the potential of VEs with 3D scanned rooms in co-design.
An EEG study to understand semantic and episodic memory retrieval in creative processes
Authors: Yin Yuan , Childs Peter
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to identify and compare the EEG activities associated with semantic and episodic memory retrieval during creative processes. Episodic and semantic memory induction studies were conducted and EEG was used to collect data. The results showed that (i) Episodic and semantic memory retrieval are related to the frontal lobe area; (ii) Semantic memory retrieval is evoked more swiftly compared with episodic memory retrieval (ii) Prior to episodic memory retrieval, semantic memory retrieval is evoked first.
Interdisciplinary Transition Innovation, Management, and Engineering (InTIME) Design: an intersection analysis of design approaches for whole-system sustainability
Authors: Ahrens Florian , Krumdieck Susan , Kenning Daniel
Published: May 2024

Interdisciplinary transition innovation, management, and engineering (InTIME) Design has been developed to overcome sustainability transition challenges in complex systems. The intersections of InTIME Design with a range of reported design for sustainability (DfS) approaches were analysed. Results demonstrate similar core principles across DfS approaches. InTIME Design accomplishes convergence of the studied approaches, and organises the DfS approaches into workflow phases, adds a complimentary wicked problem definition, and deploys systems engineering problem solving.
Product-service systems in large automotive OEMs: characterising the decision-making process when developing and introducing vehicle sharing/pooling schemes
Authors: Burtnik Urueta Lucia C. , Dekoninck Elies
Published: May 2024

Automotive OEM introduced Product-Service Systems in the past 20 years, challenging their traditional business model. A qualitative study was developed to characterise the decision-making process across 6 case studies, and similar patterns across different enabled the identification of lessons learned and possible future implications. All PSS initiatives were introduced following an Agile/Lean experimental approach, but the opportunistic nature of trials casts doubts in future validity. New testing methods that generate more robust conclusions need to be developed.
Scenario building guidelines for sustainable innovation
Authors: Haeberle François , Parolin Giácomo , Pigosso Daniela C. A.
Published: May 2024

The integration of sustainability into highly uncertain technology development is key to support manufacturing companies to reduce their environmental impacts. The use of future scenarios to support decision-making in early design for sustainability is promising, but there is a lack of systematic guidelines on how to build them. Through literature review and empirical research scenario-building guidelines were designed. The guidelines are step-by-step activities to be performed in workshops. Results suggest the guidelines were successful in building consistent, plausible, and useful scenarios.
Systems thinking towards holistic, sustainability-oriented assessment and decision-making for lightweighting
Authors: Johnston-Lynch Katharina , Whitfield Robert Ian , Evans Dorothy
Published: May 2024

Multiple industries have hailed lightweighting promise to reduce the mass of their product at equivalent or improved performance. Lightweighting as a strategy encompasses lightweight end-product desired attributes and through-life processing decisions. Assessment of lightweighting gathers information for decision-making towards the optimization of these strategies. An exploratory study, using systems thinking is conducted, to identify requirements of lightweighting and its assessment in terms of holistically defining its impact on the sustainability of its background system, the Earth.
Replication studies in engineering design – a feasibility study
Authors: Rode Jonas , Jonuschies Ingo , Matthiesen Sven , Gericke Kilian
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the replicability of studies in design research triggered by the replication crisis in psychology. It highlights the importance of replicating studies to ensure the robustness of research results and examines whether the description in a publication is sufficient to replicate. Therefore, the publication of a reference study was analysed and a replication study was conducted. The design of the replication study appears similar to the reference study, but the results differ. Possible reasons for the differences and implications for replication studies are discussed.
Driving sustainable mobility: a study of electric vehicle adoption in rural India
Authors: Satpute Aniruddh Dnyandeo , Rai Parinita , Onkar Prasad
Published: May 2024

The global push for sustainable and eco-friendly transportation solutions has made the adoption of electric vehicles imperative. In India, EV adoption has shown promise, fueled by diverse product offerings and supportive government policies. However, rural India lags behind in EV adoption, despite being a significant market. To unlock the untapped potential, understanding the needs, attitudes, and barriers of rural consumers is crucial. This research conducts a study of rural Indian consumers and offers valuable design insights for automotive companies to formulate effective future strategies.
Integration of sustainability into product development: insights from an industry survey
Authors: Vilochani Sachira , McAloone Tim C. , Pigosso Daniela C. A.
Published: May 2024

Sustainable Product Development (SPD) enables the systematic incorporation of sustainability into product development and can be achieved by implementing a number of management practices. An industry survey was conducted to investigate the capability of manufacturing companies to apply a consolidated set of 61 SPD management practices. The results indicate that despite the high interest for SPD, the uptake of SPD practices in industry is still behind the state-of-the-art literature. Hence, a greater improvement opportunity exists in the industrial uptake in SPD.
Towards designing for health outcomes: implications for designers in eHealth design
Authors: Ornelas Hosana Cristina Morales , Kleinsmann Maaike S. , Kortuem Gerd
Published: May 2024

eHealth development faces the challenge of generating evidence about health effectiveness in real-world settings. Designers can potentially support this challenge but must understand health approaches to evidence generation about health outcomes. This case study investigates how health and care professionals conceptualise health outcomes and their evidence generation in eHealth. Our results identify three key conceptual dimensions: effect, meaning, and collection. We discuss how these inform future design competencies to support evidence generation about health outcomes in eHealth design.
Evaluating a web-based guide for designing digital patient experiences: preliminary results of a user test with design students
Authors: Wang Tingting , Wang Yun , Clarkson P. John , Rietjens Judith , Melles Marijke
Published: May 2024

We created a web-based design guide to transfer our previous research findings to better support design education in the digital health design area for improving patient experience. To seek insights to iteratively improve the design guide, we conducted a workshop with 19 MSc students who specialized in design for healthcare. The guide was perceived as having the potential to improve their understanding of digital PEx improvements, but the content clarity and information presentation need to be improved.
Additively manufactured 3D micro scarf adhesive joints
Authors: Ascher Michael , Späth Ralf
Published: May 2024

Hybrid manufacturing enables to overcome additive manufacturing (AM) constraints regarding the maximum feasible part dimension and/or complexity through part separation and subsequent adhesive joining of AM sub-parts. To ensure structural integrity of the joint at a minimum use of substrate volume, the AM inherent freedom of design can be exploited by realizing 3D micro scarf adhesive joints. The performance of this novel adhesive joint design was assessed by conducting optical measurements and static tensile tests using samples fabricated by laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M).
An analytic cost model for bound metal deposition
Authors: Sartini Mikhailo , Bianchi Iacopo , Vita Alessio , Germani Michele , Mandolini Marco
Published: May 2024

Metal material extrusion is a family of metal additive manufacturing that includes atomic diffusion additive manufacturing (ADAM) and bound metal deposition (BMD). In the literature, there are just a few cost models for ADAM and no one for BMD. The paper presents an analytic cost model for BMD. It considers the entire process: pre-processing, printing and post-processing. The total manufacturing cost is split into material, machine, labour, energy and consumables items. The cost model validation on a 3D-printed part determined an accuracy of 98%.
Extending the function failure modes taxonomy for intelligent systems with embedded AI components
Authors: Campean Felician , Yildirim Unal , Korsunovs Aleksandr , Doikin Aleksandr
Published: May 2024

Early consideration of failure modes in the feature development process is essential to identify and trace risks across the physical and embedded AI components of intelligent systems, to enhance the robustness of the feature delivery as well as trust in the AI. This paper introduces an extension of the AIAG/VDA function failure modes taxonomy, to facilitate the integrated analysis of complex intelligent systems with embedded AI. A case study of an autonomous driving feature is discussed as validation of the proposed taxonomy.
Generative large language models in engineering design: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Chiarello Filippo , Barandoni Simone , Majda Škec Marija , Fantoni Gualtiero
Published: May 2024

Despite the rapid advancement of generative Large Language Models (LLMs), there is still limited understanding of their potential impacts on engineering design (ED). This study fills this gap by collecting the tasks LLMs can perform within ED, using a Natural Language Processing analysis of 15,355 ED research papers. The results lead to a framework of LLM tasks in design, classifying them for different functions of LLMs and ED phases. Our findings illuminate the opportunities and risks of using LLMs for design, offering a foundation for future research and application in this domain.
A novel approach towards utilizing graph analyzing objects arrangement – case studies from Airbnb homes in New York and Boston
Authors: Yao Yanhua
Published: May 2024

The spatial arrangement of objects in residential environments is a crucial indicator of occupant behavior, shedding light on the complex dynamics of their interaction with the interior. This study introduces an object-based graph method for decoding urban home interiors, examining the co-presence of objects to uncover domestic behavioral patterns through indoor imagery analysis. By integrating centrality metrics with objects in graphs, we gain deeper insights into household behaviors, which provide empirical evidence for future interior design.
Sketch2Prototype: rapid conceptual design exploration and prototyping with generative AI
Authors: Edwards Kristen M. , Man Brandon , Ahmed Faez
Published: May 2024

Sketch2Prototype is an AI-based framework that transforms a hand-drawn sketch into a diverse set of 2D images and 3D prototypes through sketch-to-text, text-to-image, and image-to-3D stages. This framework, shown across various sketches, rapidly generates text, image, and 3D modalities for enhanced early-stage design exploration. We show that using text as an intermediate modality outperforms direct sketch-to-3D baselines for generating diverse and manufacturable 3D models. We find limitations in current image-to-3D techniques, while noting the value of the text modality for user-feedback.
A survey on the industry's perception of digital twins – a follow-up to the digital twin workshop at the DESIGN Conference 2022
Authors: Fett Michel , Zwickler Julius , Wilking Fabian , Goetz Stefan , Schweigert-Recksiek Sebastian , Hicks Ben , Nespoli Oscar , Wärmefjord Kristina , Wartzack Sandro , Kirchner Eckhard
Published: May 2024

Digital Twins are perceived differently between and within industry and academia regarding applications and potentials. For this reason, a round table was formed based on the Digital Twin Workshop of the Design Conference 2022. One of the results of this round table is this contribution, which deals with a survey within the industry. The survey captured the understanding of the different roles in the creation and use of Digital Twins, the requirements and hurdles as well as the perception of methodological support. In addition, factors that influence the perception were identified.
Towards the extraction of semantic relations in design with natural language processing
Authors: Giordano Vito , Consoloni Marco , Chiarello Filippo , Fantoni Gualtiero
Published: May 2024

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has been extensively applied in design, particularly for analyzing technical documents like patents and scientific papers to identify entities such as functions, technical feature, and problems. However, there has been less focus on understanding semantic relations within literature, and a comprehensive definition of what constitutes a relation is still lacking. In this paper, we define relation in the context of design and the fundamental concepts linked to it. Subsequently, we introduce a framework for employing NLP to extract relations relevant to design.