bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Philosophical foundations of spirituality
Authors: Polozhenceva Irina , Aralova Elena , Kaschenko Tat'yana
Published: November 2020

Philosophical foundations of spirituality is a collective monograph that attempts to reveal the problem of spirituality from a philosophical and ideological point of view in close connection with the concepts of "spirit", "soul", "meaning of life", "values", and reflects the spiritual quest of humanity at different stages of society development. Focusing on secular ethical teachings, the authors understand spirituality as the fulfillment of universal moral norms, the constant improvement of a person's self. It is addressed to students, postgraduates, teachers of pedagogical, social, psychological areas, as well as to all those who want to get a systematic idea of the evolution of spirituality and the state of values in the modern world.
Vestimentary code of international communication
Authors: Ternovaya Lyudmila
Published: November 2020

The monograph reveals the features of vestimental, i.e. related to clothing, a person's choice that determines the nature of his communication with other people. These actions may be dictated by a person's national, social, professional, gender, or other group affiliation. At the same time, clothing that has its own fashion language can help decipher the most intricate social and political symbols and thus clarify complex situations in international relations. Many meanings of power and subordination, war and peace, labor and celebration are transmitted through clothing. Times change, and with them not only mores change, but also the understanding of the purpose of fashion. Today, it is able to Express environmental values and implement charitable projects. It is intended for specialists in the history of international relations, geopolitics, sociology, and cultural studies. It will also be of interest to a wide range of readers.
Factors affecting the length of hospitalization in people diagnosed with anorexia nervosa – study review
Authors: Chmyłko-Terlikowska Dorota , Pęska Agnieszka , Lucci Kamil , Bryńska Anita
Published: November 2020

Jadłowstręt psychiczny jest zespołem chorobowym obarczonym wysoką śmiertelnością i wieloletnim przebiegiem. Jego najbardziej charakterystycznym objawem jest znaczny niedobór masy ciała wywoływany i podtrzymywany przez pacjenta, który postrzega się jako osobę otyłą i wyznacza sobie niski limit masy ciała. Przebieg leczenia najczęściej jest wieloletni i angażujący znaczne grono specjalistów, a w zależności od stanu pacjenta możliwa jest opieka ambulatoryjna, opieka w oddziale dziennym lub w przypadku dużej utraty masy ciała czy pojawienia się powikłań niedożywienia konieczna jest wielomiesięczna hospitalizacja. Aktualnie widoczna jest tendencja do skracania czasu pobytu w oddziale stacjonarnym pacjentów z AN na rzecz innych form opieki. Celem artykułu jest zebranie i przedstawienie wyników niewielkiej liczby badań dotyczących czynników wpływających na długość hospitalizacji w leczeniu jadłowstrętu psychicznego. W oparciu o dostępne w chwili obecnej badania za czynnik istotnie wpływający na długość hospitalizacji należy uznać przede wszystkim wskaźnik masy ciała w momencie przyjęcia do szpitala. Dyskusja jednak pozostaje otwarta i wskazane są dalsze badania w tym zakresie. Wyjaśnienie powyższego zagadnienia może stanowić podstawę do bardziej zorientowanego na potrzeby pacjenta określania czasu trwania leczenia szpitalnego. Niezbędne będą także dalsze badania dotyczące czynników zidentyfikowanych w pojedynczych badaniach i relacji zachodzących między nimi.
A dupla função da droga na devastação
Authors: Darriba Vinicius Anciães , Ferro Siqueira Andréia
Published: November 2020

Este artigo propõe discutir diferentes funções que o uso de drogas pode ter para um sujeito. Partimos de uma revisão teórica, iniciada com a afirmação do psicanalista Jacques Lacan (1975/1997, p.117) de que não haveria “nenhuma outra definição da droga que não seja esta: o que permite romper o casamento com o pequeno-pipi”. Seguimos com a elaboração de outros psicanalistas, que, ao longo dos anos, descobriram que este consumo pode operar de modo distinto à ruptura do enquadre fálico do gozo. Ele pode, diversamente, limitar os efeitos devastadores do gozo para um sujeito. O artigo vai além da revisão teórica, e fundamenta sua argumentação na análise de um caso clínico, que, justamente, leva à discussão da premissa lacaniana, mostrando que o uso de drogas não se deixa reduzir a uma única função.
A forma como me conecto comigo e resolvo conflitos conjugais: o papel discriminante das estratégias de resolução de conflito nos níveis de mindfulness
Authors: Bohn Marcela , Pereira Mosmann Clarisse
Published: November 2020

O conceito de mindfulness é descrito na literatura como uma habilidade metacognitiva de obter consciência acerca de estados internos. O presente estudo parte da premissa que, na relação conjugal, essa habilidade poderia facilitar a compreensão de necessidades e a resolução de conflitivas através da adoção de estratégias de resolução de conflitos construtivas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o papel discriminante das estratégias de resolução de conflito conjugal em dois grupos de indivíduos com maiores e menores níveis de mindfulness. A amostra pesquisa foi composta de 281 sujeitos (69 homens e 212 mulheres), maiores de 18 anos (média = 32,94; DP = 31,00), em um relacionamento estável e em coabitação por no mínimo 6 meses. Foi realizada uma coleta online, momento em que os participantes responderam a Escala de Consciência e Atenção Mindfulness (MAAS) e as escalas Conflict Resolution Behavior (CRBQ) e Conflict Resolution Style Inventory (CRSI). Foi realizada análise multivariada discriminante através do programa SPSS versão 22.0. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que as estratégias evitação, ataque, submissão e envolvimento no conflito discriminaram o grupo com menores níveis de mindfulness, enquanto que as estratégias acordo e resolução positiva dos problemas diferenciaram o grupo com maiores níveis de mindfulness. Por fim, destaca-se que as estratégias de resolução de conflitos utilizadas pelos grupos são teoricamente coerentes com os níveis de mindfulness que apresentam.
The Return on Information Technology: Who Benefits Most?
Authors: Dhyne Emmanuel , Konings Jozef , Van den bosch Jeroen , Vanormelingen Stijn
Published: November 2020

Information and communication technology (ICT) has continuously reshaped the way in which businesses operate. Yet opinions among economists about the returns to ICT, especially at the aggregate level, are divided. We exploit business-to-business transaction panel data from ICT producers to construct ICT capital stocks for a large sample of Belgian firms. This allows us to estimate the returns to ICT at the firm level and to investigate how firm-level ICT investments affected aggregate gross domestic product and productivity. We find large returns to ICT—more precisely, a firm investing an additional euro in ICT—increases value added by 1 euro and 35 cents on average. This marginal product of ICT investment increases with firm size and varies across sectors. Although we find substantial returns to ICT at the firm level, returns are much lower at the aggregate level. This is due to underinvestment in ICT (ICT capital deepening is low) and because firms with especially high returns are underinvesting.
Filum Terminale Lipoma with Herniated Intervertebral Disc Treated with Traditional Korean Medicine: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Sang-Gyun , Park Ju-Hun , Park Han-Bin , Yoo Dong-Hwi , Jang Won-Suk , Shin Won-Bin , Choi Kang-Eah , Cho Hyun-Woo
Published: November 2020

Filum terminale lipoma is an inherited lumbosacral abnormality that can cause tethered cord syndrome. This report describes an unusual case of lumbago and sciatica, pain suspected to be caused by a filum terminale lipoma where a herniated intervertebral disc had occurred. The patient was hospitalized for 43 days and received integrative Korean medicine treatment, including acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, Chuna therapy, cupping therapy, physiotherapy and herbal medicine. Treatment effectiveness was assessed using the numerical rating scale, Oswestry Disability Index, European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions, and patient symptoms. After inpatient treatment, the pain the patient suffered was significantly reduced, and the evaluation indices scores reflected this. Integrative Korean remedies may be an effective option for lower back pain and lower extremity symptoms which are caused by filum terminale lipoma where a herniated intervertebral disc has occurred. Additional clinical research is required to support this observation.
A Literature Review of the Microneedle Therapy System for Hair Loss
Authors: Kim Jeong-Hyon , Shim Sung-Eun , Kim Jun-Yeon , Kim Ha-Na , Hwang Ji-Min , Park Kyeong-Ju , Jo Min-Gi , Jang Jun-Yeong , Kim Jung-Hyun , Goo Bonhyuk , Park Yeon-Cheol , Seo Byung-Kwan , Baek Yong-Hyeon , Nam Sang-Soo
Published: November 2020

This literature review was designed to investigate the effects of the microneedle therapy system (MTS) on alopecia in experimental, and clinical studies. The MTS is acupuncture needling therapy delivered by a roller. A literature review of studies published before May 2020 was conducted using 9 online databases, and a total of 13 studies (4 in vivo studies and 9 clinical trials) were included. Most studies showed that the MTS was effective when used in combination with other treatments. In vivo studies reported an increased level of hair growth factors following treatment. Typically, 1.5 mm needles were used in the MTS treatment and photographic evaluation (by either camera or microscope) was reported in most studies. Oriental medicine research included 2 in vivo studies, which reported positive effects when combined with the MTS. There were no reported severe side effects. the MTS might be safe and has a drug delivery effect. Further studies need to be conducted regarding the frequency and needle length depending on the type of alopecia using Oriental and Western medicine.
Ultrasensitive temperature fiber optic sensor based on a HO(Me2SiO)nH (silicone rubber) Fabry–Pérot cavity
Authors: Li Tingfen , Xiao Qian , Huang Jingwei , Zhou Pengwei , Jia Bo
Published: November 2020

An ultra-sensitive fiber optic sensor based on a

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(silicone rubber) Fabry–Pérot (FP) resonant cavity is fabricated through a simple method of dipping, which has high linearity, high sensitivity, and a wide response range to temperature. The silicone rubber can form a smooth sphere without wire drawing, and it has strong heat resistance and aging resistance. Its favorable waterproof performance enables it to work efficiently in different humid environments. A method of synchronizing the detection and wavelength sweeping signal is applied to analyze the wavelength shifts of the interference signal. The sensitivity of the fabricated FP sensor is almost 400 pm/°C in the range of 50–190°C with a linearity of 0.999, and the resolution is 0.002 nm. In addition, the testing results at room temperature can also satisfy the linear relationship, providing the possibility of applications in the biological field.
Magnetic dipole interaction between a single-cycle microwave pulse and an atom
Authors: Cao Xiaochao , Fang Feiyun , Wang Zhaoying
Published: November 2020

The manipulation of atoms by using a microwave (MW) field in precise atomic measurement and atomic chips is experiencing a renaissance. In this article, we study the magnetic dipole interaction (MDI) between a neutral

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atom and a single-cycle MW field. Based on the strict analytic expression of the MW pulsed field radiated by the double

L

-type dipole transmitter, the MDI is simulated for different initial atom states and different detunings of the MW pulse. Our results show that the MDI can reach about one times the gravity of the atom, and it can change from a defocusing force to a focusing force on the coherent state atom depending on the distance from the emitter. Finally, the transient evolution of the coherent population transfer driven by the MW pulse is discussed. We hope that our calculation may help in understanding the coupling between an ultrashort MW field and an atom.
Directing random lasing emission using cavity exciton-polaritons
Authors: Bouteyre Paul , Son Nguyen Hai , Lauret Jean-Sébastien , Trippé-Allard Gaëlle , Delport Géraud , Lédée Ferdinand , Diab Hiba , Belarouci Ali , Seassal Christian , Garrot Damien , Bretenaker Fabien , Deleporte Emmanuelle
Published: November 2020

Random lasing is an intriguing phenomenon occurring in disordered structures with optical gain in which light scattering provides the necessary feedback for lasing action. Unlike conventional lasers, random lasing systems emit in all directions due to light scattering. While this property can be desired in some cases, directional emission remains required for most applications. In a vertical microcavity containing the hybrid perovskite CH3NH3PbBr3, we report here the coupling of the emission of a random laser with a cavity polaritonic resonance, resulting in a directional random lasing, whose emission angles can be tuned by varying the cavity detuning and reach values as large as 15.8° and 22.4°.
Reduced-state MLSE for an IM/DD system using PAM modulation
Authors: Yu Yukui , Che Yi , Bo Tianwai , Kim Daeho , Kim Hoon
Published: November 2020

The performance of a high-speed intensity-modulation (IM)/direct-detection (DD) transmission system could be limited by the bandwidth of optical transceivers. One popular way to cope with this performance limitation is to utilize the maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) at the receiver. However, a practical problem of MLSE is its high implementation complexity. Even though the channel impulse response can be truncated by using a two-tap filter before applying the MLSE, it still faces an implementation problem when used for multi-level modulation formats. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a reduced-state MLSE for band-limited IM/DD transmission systems using M-ary pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-M) formats. We use a conventional Viterbi algorithm to search a reduced-state trellis, which is constructed by using the coarse pre-decision of the signal equalized by a feed-forward equalizer. Thus, the proposed MLSE reduces the implementation complexity significantly. We evaluate the performance of the proposed reduced-state MLSE over 100∼140-Gb/s PAM-4/6/8 transmission systems implemented by using a 1.3-µm directly modulated laser. The results show that the proposed MLSE achieves almost the same performance as the conventional MLSE but reduces the implementation complexity by a factor of 4∼10 when the complexity is assessed by the number of multiplications and additions.
Mid-infrared Raman lasers and Kerr-frequency combs from an all-silica narrow-linewidth microresonator/fiber laser system
Authors: Jiang Shuisen , Guo Changlei , Fu Hongyan , Che Kaijun , Xu Huiying , Cai Zhiping
Published: November 2020

Mid-infrared (mid-IR) lasers have great applications in bio-molecular sensing due to strong vibrational fingerprints in this wavelength range. However, it is a huge challenge to realize mid-IR lasers in conventional silica materials. Here, we demonstrate the generation of mid-IR Raman lasers and Kerr-frequency combs from an all-silica microresonator/fiber laser system. A single wavelength narrow-linewidth laser at ∼2 µm is first realized by using an ultrahigh Q-factor silica whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonator as mode-selection mirror, and thulium-doped silica fiber as gain medium. Due to the strong intensity enhancement in the microresonator itself, multiple third-order nonlinear optical effects are observed, which include stimulated Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering, and (cascaded) four-wave-mixing (FWM). The stimulated Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering shift the initial 2 µm narrow-linewidth laser to as far as ∼2.75 µm and ∼1.56 µm, respectively. While the cascaded FWM helps to form a Kerr-frequency comb with a broad bandwidth of ∼900 nm and a mode spacing of twice of the microresonator free-spectral-range. This work offers a simple and effective route to realize all-silica mid-IR lasers based on enhanced optical nonlinearity in WGM microresonators.
Dispersion-based intertwined SEIRA and SPR effect detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene using a plasmonic metasurface
Authors: Fabas Alice , El Ouazzani Hasnaa , Hugonin Jean-Paul , Dupuis Christophe , Haidar Riad , Greffet Jean-Jacques , Bouchon Patrick
Published: November 2020

Surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) make possible, thanks to plasmonics nanoantennas, the detection of low quantities of biological and chemical materials. Here, we investigate the infrared response of 2,4-dinitrotoluene deposited on various arrays of closely arranged metal-insulator-metal (MIM) resonators and experimentally show how the natural dispersion of the complex refractive index leads to an intertwined combination of SEIRA and SPR effect that can be leveraged to identify molecules. They are shown to be efficient for SEIRA spectroscopy and allows detecting of the dispersive explosive material, 2,4-dinitrotoluene. By changing the in-plane parameters, a whole spectral range of absorptions of 2,4-DNT is scanned. These results open the way to the design of sensors based on SEIRA and SPR combined effects, without including a spectrometer.
Enhancing the photodetection performance of MAPbI3 perovskite photodetectors by a dual functional interfacial layer for color imaging
Authors: Ji Zhong , Liu Yujin , Mai Wenjie
Published: November 2020

The color imaging capacity of recently developed perovskite photodetectors (PDs) has not been fully explored. In this Letter, we fabricate a

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) PD as a color imaging sensor mainly due to its almost flat spectral response in a full visible light region. To enhance the photodetection performance, we introduce a dual functional interfacial

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layer by atomic layer deposition, reducing the dark current to 12 pA from 13 nA and improving the photocurrent to 1.87 µA from 20 nA, resulting in a

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fold enhancement of the ON/OFF ratio. Since we obtained satisfactory color images, we believe that the

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perovskite PD is an ideal photosensitive device for color imaging.
Single-longitudinal-mode cascaded crystalline Raman laser at 1.7  µm
Authors: Zhao Hui , Tu Zhi-Hua , Dai Shi-Bo , Zhu Si-Qi , Yin Hao , Li Zhen , Chen Zhen-Qiang
Published: November 2020

A single-longitudinal-mode crystalline Raman laser in the 1.7 µm wave band was reported for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The

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Raman laser, which was intracavity-pumped by an actively

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-switched 1314 nm Nd:YLF laser, demonstrated the cascaded Stokes oscillation at 1715 nm. By inserting an etalon in the fundamental resonator, linewidth narrowing and power scaling of the second-Stokes laser were realized based on the spatial-hole-burning-free Raman gain. With an optimal pulse repetition frequency of 4 kHz, the maximum single-longitudinal-mode average output power of 1.8 W was acquired with the spectrum linewidth of

∼

340

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. Further increasing the incident pump power, the second-Stokes laser transitioned to multimode regime, and the maximum average output power reached 2.7 W with the peak power as high as

∼

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.
Salmonella identified in pigs in Kenya and Malawi reveals the potential for zoonotic transmission in emerging pork markets
Authors: Wilson Catherine N. , Pulford Caisey V. , Akoko James , Perez Sepulveda Blanca , Predeus Alexander V. , Bevington Jessica , Duncan Patricia , Hall Neil , Wigley Paul , Feasey Nicholas , Pinchbeck Gina , Hinton Jay C. D. , Gordon Melita A. , Fèvre Eric M.
Published: November 2020

Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne disease globally. Pigs can carry and shed non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) asymptomatically, representing a significant reservoir for these pathogens. To investigate Salmonella carriage by African domestic pigs, faecal and mesenteric lymph node samples were taken at slaughter in Nairobi, Busia (Kenya) and Chikwawa (Malawi) between October 2016 and May 2017. Selective culture, antisera testing and whole genome sequencing were performed on samples from 647 pigs; the prevalence of NTS carriage was 12.7% in Busia, 9.1% in Nairobi and 24.6% in Chikwawa. Two isolates of S. Typhimurium ST313 were isolated, but were more closely related to ST313 isolates associated with gastroenteritis in the UK than bloodstream infection in Africa. The discovery of porcine NTS carriage in Kenya and Malawi reveals potential for zoonotic transmission of diarrhoeal strains to humans in these countries, but not for transmission of clades specifically associated with invasive NTS disease in Africa.
How scars shape the neural landscape: Key molecular mediators of TGF-β1’s anti-neuritogenic effects
Authors: Jeon Kye-Im , Huxlin Krystel R.
Published: November 2020

Following injury to the peripheral and central nervous systems, tissue levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 often increase, which is key for wound healing and scarring. However, active wound regions and scars appear to inhibit process outgrowth by regenerating neurons. We recently showed that corneal wound myofibroblasts block corneal nerve regenerationin vivo, and sensory neurite outgrowthin vitroin a manner that relies critically on TGF-β1. In turn, delayed, abnormal re-innervation contributes to long-term sensory dysfunctions of the ocular surface. Here, we exposed morphologically and biochemically-differentiated sensory neurons from the ND7/23 cell line to TGF-β1 to identify the intracellular signals regulating these anti-neuritogenic effects, contrasting them with those of Semaphorin(Sema)3A, a known inhibitor of neurite outgrowth. Neuronal morphology was quantified using phase-contrast imaging. Western blotting and specific inhibitors were then used to identify key molecular mediators. Differentiated ND7/23 cells expressed neuron-specific markers, including those involved in neurite extension and polarization. TGF-β1 increased phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2), a molecule that is key for neurite extension. We now show that both glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β and Smad3 modulate phosphorylation of CRMP2 after treatment with TGF-β1. GSK-3β appeared to exert a particularly strong effect, which could be explained by its ability to phosphorylate not only CRMP2, but also Smad3. In conclusion, TGF-β1’s inhibition of neurite outgrowth in sensory neurons appears to be regulated through a highly-conserved signaling pathway, which involves the GSK-3β/CRMP-2 loop via both canonical and non-canonical mechanisms. It is hoped that by defining the signaling pathways that control neurite outgrowth in wound environments, it will become possible to identify optimal molecular targets to promote re-innervation following injury.
Analysis of expression of vitamin E-binding proteins in H2O2 induced SK-N-SH neuronal cells supplemented with α-tocopherol and tocotrienol-rich fraction
Authors: Chiroma Aishatu Ali , Khaza’ai Huzwah , Abd. Hamid Roslida , Chang Sui Kiat , Zakaria Zainul Amiruddin , Zainal Zaida
Published: November 2020

Natural α-tocopherol (α-TCP), but not tocotrienol, is preferentially retained in the human body. α-Tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) is responsible for binding α-TCP for cellular uptake and has high affinity and specificity for α-TCP but not α-tocotrienol. The purpose of this study was to examine the modification of α-TTP together with other related vitamin E-binding genes (i.e.,TTPA,SEC14L2, andPI-TPNA) in regulating vitamin E uptake in neuronal cells at rest and under oxidative stress. Oxidative stress was induced with H2O2for an hour which was followed by supplementation with different ratios of α-TCP and tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) for four hours. The cellular levels of vitamin E were quantified to determine bioavailability at cellular levels. The expression levels ofTTPA,SEC14L2, andPI-TPNAgenes in 0% α-TCP were found to be positively correlated with the levels of vitamin E in resting neuronal cells. In addition, the regulation of all the above-mentioned genes affect the distribution of vitamin E in the neuronal cells. It was observed that, increased levels of α-TCP secretion occur under oxidative stress. Thus, our results showed that in conclusion vitamin E-binding proteins may be modified in the absence of α-TCP to produce tocotrienols (TCT), as a source of vitamin E. The current study suggests that the expression levels of vitamin E transport proteins may influence the cellular concentrations of vitamin E levels in the neuronal cells.
Reliability and validity of the RS14 in orphaned and separated adolescents and youths in western Kenya
Authors: Sutherland Sarah C. , Shannon Harry S. , Ayuku David , Streiner David L. , Saarela Olli , Atwoli Lukoye , Braitstein Paula
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The 14-item Resilience Scale (RS14) is a tool designed to measure psychological resilience. It has been used effectively in diverse populations. However, its applicability is largely unknown for Sub-Saharan adolescent populations and completely unknown for orphaned and separated adolescents and youths (OSAY), a highly vulnerable population for whom resilience may be critical. This study assesses the RS14’s psychometric properties for OSAY in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya.

Methods

Survey responses from a representative sample of 1016 OSAY (51.3% female) aged 10–25 (mean = 16; SD = 3.5) living in institutional and home-based environments in Uasin Gishu County were analyzed. The RS14’s psychometric properties were assessed by examining internal consistency reliability, confirmatory factor analyses, and convergent validity using correlations between resilience and each of social support and depression. Sub-analyses were conducted by age and sex.

Results

Resilience scores ranged from 14–98 (mean = 66; SD = 19) with no sex-based significant difference. Resilience was higher for those aged ≥18 (mean = 69; range = 14–98) versus age <18 (mean = 65; range = 14–98). Internal consistency was good (Cronbach’s α = .90). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a 1-factor solution, though the model fit was only moderate. Resilience was positively correlated with social support in all ages (.22; p < .001) and negatively correlated with depression in individuals age <18 (-.22; p < .001). The relationship between resilience and depression in individuals age ≥18 was statistically significant only in females (-.17; p = .026).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates reasonable evidence that the RS14 is both valid and reliable for measuring psychological resilience in the population of OSAY in western Kenya.
Assessing analytical convolution effects in diffusion studies: Applications to experimental and natural diffusion profiles
Authors: Jollands Michael C.
Published: November 2020

Given that all in-situ analytical techniques have a non-zero beam size, all measured profiles, resulting from diffusion or otherwise, will be artefactually elongated to some degree. Profiles where the total length over which the concentration changes approaches the resolution of the analytical technique likely suffer from serious convolution; the measured profiles may be considerably elongated relative to the true profile. Resolving this effect is non-trivial, except for some specific combinations of profile type and beam geometry. In this study, a versatile method for numerically deconvoluting diffusion profiles acquired using techniques with Gaussian, Lorentzian, (pseudo-)Voigt, circular/elliptical or square/rectangular interaction volumes, is presented. A MATLAB code, including a user-friendly interface (PACE-the Program for Assessing Convolution Effects in diffusion studies), is also provided, and applied to several experimental and natural profiles interpreted as resulting from diffusion, showing various degrees of convolution.
The complex geographies of telelactation and access to community breastfeeding support in the state of Ohio
Authors: Grubesic Tony H. , Durbin Kelly M.
Published: November 2020

The availability of breastfeeding support resources, including those provided by Baby-Friendly Hospitals, International Board Certified Lactation Consultants, breastfeeding counselors and educators, and volunteer-based mother-to-mother support organizations, such as La Leche League, are critically important for influencing breastfeeding initiation and continuation for the mother-child dyad. In addition, the emergence of community support options via information and communication technologies such as Skype and Facetime, social media (e.g., Facebook), and telelactation providers are providing mothers with a new range of support options that can help bridge geographic barriers to traditional community support. However, telelactation services that use information and communication technologies to connect breastfeeding mothers to remotely located breastfeeding experts require reliable, affordable, high-quality broadband connections to facilitate interaction between mothers and their support resources. The purpose of this paper is to explore the complex spatial landscape of virtual and face-to-face breastfeeding support options for mothers in the state of Ohio (U.S.), identifying barriers to support. Using a range of spatial and network analytics, the results suggest that a divide is emerging. While urban areas in Ohio benefit from both a density of face-to-face breastfeeding support resources and robust broadband options for engaging in telelactation, many rural areas of the state are lacking access to both. Policy implications and several potential strategies for mitigating these inequities are discussed.
Varroa destructor mites vector and transmit pathogenic honey bee viruses acquired from an artificial diet
Authors: Posada-Florez Francisco , Ryabov Eugene V. , Heerman Matthew C. , Chen Yanping , Evans Jay D. , Sonenshine Daniel E. , Cook Steven C.
Published: November 2020

The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor is one of the most destructive pests of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and the primary biotic cause of colony collapse in many regions of the world. These mites inflict physical injury on their honey bee hosts from feeding on host hemolymph and fat body cells/cellular components, and serve as the vector for deadly honey bee viruses, including Deformed wing virus (DWV) and the related Varroa destructor virus-1 (VDV-1) (i.e., DWV-like viruses). Studies focused on elucidating the dynamics of Varroa-mediated vectoring and transmission of DWV-like viruses may be confounded by viruses present in ingested host tissues or the mites themselves. Here we describe a system that includes an artificial diet free of insect tissue-derived components for maintaining Varroa mites for in vitro experimentation. Using this system, together with the novel engineered cDNA clone-derived genetically tagged VDV-1 and wild-type DWV, we demonstrated for the first time that Varroa mites provided an artificial diet supplemented with engineered viruses for 36 hours could acquire and transmit sufficient numbers of virus particles to establish an infection in virus-naïve hosts. While the in vitro system described herein provides for only up to five days of mite survival, precluding study of the long-term impacts of viruses on mite health, the system allows for extensive insights into the dynamics of Varroa-mediated vectoring and transmission of honey bee viruses.
Long-term healthcare provider availability following large-scale hurricanes: A difference-in-differences study
Authors: Bell Sue Anne , Klasa Katarzyna , Iwashyna Theodore J. , Norton Edward C. , Davis Matthew A.
Published: November 2020

Background

Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy were two of the most significant disasters of the 21st century that critically impacted communities and the health of their residents. Despite the assumption that disasters affect access to healthcare, to our knowledge prior studies have not rigorously examined availability of healthcare providers following disasters.

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine availability of healthcare providers following large-scale hurricanes.

Methods

Using historical data on healthcare providers from the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System and county-level population characteristics, we conducted a quasi-experimental study to examine the effect of large-scale hurricanes on healthcare provider availability in the short-term and long-term. We separately examined availability of primary care physicians, medical specialists, surgeons, and nurse practitioners. A difference-in-differences analysis was used to control for time variant factors comparing county-level health care provider availability in affected and unaffected counties the year before Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy, to five years after each storm.

Results

Counties affected by Hurricane Katrina compared to unaffected locales experienced a decrease of 3.59 primary care physicians per 10,000 population (95% CI: -6.5, -0.7), medical specialists (decrease of 5.9 providers per 10,000 (95% CI: -11.3, -0.5)), and surgeons (decrease of 2.1 (95% CI: -3.8, -0.37)). However, availability of nurse practitioners did not change appreciably. Counties affected by Hurricane Sandy exhibited less pronounced changes. Changes in availability of primary care physicians, nurse practitioners, medical specialists, and surgeons were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Large-scale hurricanes appear to affect availability of healthcare providers for up to several years following impact of the storm. Effects vary depending on the characteristics of the community. Primary care physicians and medical specialists availability was the most impacted, potentially having long-term implications for population health in the context of disaster recovery.
Transformation of television-viewing practices in Greece: Generation Z and audio-visual content
Authors: Podara Anna , Matsiola Maria , Nicolaou Constantinos , Maniou Theodora A. , Kalliris George
Published: November 2020

In recent years, digitalization has detached television content from the television screen, and so the television is no longer the only choice for personal audio-visual consumption. The audio-visual market is facing increased fragmentation due to the multiplicity of delivering platforms. Furthermore, the digital touch has brought about far-reaching changes in people’s audio-visual consumption practices. The protagonists of this new digital landscape are the members of Generation Z (GenZ), who are early adopters of the digital innovation. In this article, contemporary consumption behaviours of audio-visual content, contrasting those at the times of traditional television viewing, are explored in the context of the GenZ community. In Greece, GenZ represent nearly 20 per cent of the entire population and makes an interesting target to be scrutinized under the prism of ongoing studies of media usage.
MinervaLab: Jupyter Notebook-etan oinarritutako irakaskuntza-proiektu alternatiboa
Authors: Gabirondo-López Jon , Igartua Josu M.
Published: November 2020

Azken urtetan agertutako teknologia eta plataforma berriek ikasleen elkarrekintzan oinarritutako proiektuak garatzeko eta irakaskuntzarako beharrezkoa den materiala sortzeko eta hedatzeko bide ugari eskaintzen dute. MinervaLab proiektuak Jupyter Notebook plataforman eta softwarearen garapenean erabili ohi diren tresna eta lan-fluxuetan oinarritutako Termodinamikaren inguruko material interaktiboa jasotzen du. Garatutako aplikazioak dokumentatuta eta azalpen teorikoz lagunduta aurkezten dira, material guztia ikasle zein garatzaileentzat eskuragarri ipiniz (proiektu guztia https://minervalab.readthedocs.io helbidean kontsulta daiteke). Egindako lanarekiko interes handia azaldu eta eskola emateko erabilgarria dela azpimarratu du ikaslez osatutako talde esperimentalak. Etorkizunean, MinervaLab proiektua fase-trantsizioen eta van der Waals-en egoera-ekuazio mekanikoaren inguruko eskolak emateko erabiliko da.
La formación profesional en el empleo doméstico: análisis del estado de la cuestión
Authors: Pineda Carmen Grau
Published: November 2020

El sector del empleo doméstico es un observatorio privilegiado que evidencia la vigencia de la división sexual del trabajo clásica que descansa sobre la explotación laboral de las personas trabajadoras del sector y perpetúa la discriminación por razón de sexo en un mercado laboral profundamente segmentado como el español. Y es evidente que, frente a ello, es necesario tanto fomentar la corresponsabilidad intrafamiliar como incentivar la formación y cualificación del colectivo y los servicios que presta, fundamentales, ineludibles en el nuevo contexto social que la incorporación de las mujeres al mercado de trabajo dibuja en el presente y, como no, en el futuro inmediato. Se está en presencia de un sector emergente, un yacimiento de empleo, un servicio esencial a la comunidad y una actividad cuya demanda seguirá una tendencia creciente ante la falta de provisión pública de cuidados y que, por el bien de todos, es preciso replantear de forma inminente en la siguiente línea: dignificarla y profesionalizarla. Y para ello el papel de la formación y la cualificación profesional es innegable se mire por donde se mire.
A origem do conflito transcedental entre a liberdade humana e a disposição divina
Authors: Toledo Daniel da Silva
Published: November 2020

O propósito maior deste artigo consiste em alojar a clássica arte trágica dos gregos em uma condição existencial fundamental diante do seu horizonte metafísico futuro. Os vetores a serem explorados para tanto repousam nos elementos da liberdade humana e da vontade divina inseridos em uma relação conflitual. Tensão essa que será fomentada, de um lado, pela recusa do divino em se deixar apreender em sua totalidade e, de outro lado, pelo caráter impositivo de que o mortal responda por suas ações mesmo quando o fundamento e a resultante das mesmas excedam sua constituição essencialmente precária.
“A raposa e o dragão” de Fedro – a origem de um topos da ficção, ou uma fábula que o popularizou?
Authors: Abrantes Miguel Carvalho
Published: November 2020

Partindo da informação presente na fábula latina “A raposa e o dragão”, da autoria de Fedro, e depois tendo em consideração outras fontes literárias da Antiguidade relevantes para o mesmo tema, este artigo pretende explorar as potenciais origens e a popularização do topos literário em que um dragão guarda um tesouro.
Tissue Systems Pathology Test Objectively Risk Stratifies Barrett's Esophagus Patients With Low-Grade Dysplasia
Authors: Frei Nicola F. , Khoshiwal Amir M. , Konte Kadere , Bossart Emily A. , Stebbins Katelyn , Zhang Yi , Pouw Roos E. , ten Kate Fiebo J.W. , Seldenrijk Kees A. , Meijer Sybren L. , Critchley-Thorne Rebecca J. , Bergman Jacques J.G.H.M.
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Low-grade dysplasia (LGD) is the best predictor of neoplastic progression in Barrett's esophagus (BE). Most LGD cases are downstaged to nondysplastic (ND) BE on expert pathologist review, which is prone to interobserver variation and not widely available. Recent studies indicate that a risk prediction assay (TissueCypher) risk stratifies patients with NDBE for neoplastic progression. We aimed to investigate whether this risk prediction assay predicts neoplastic progression in BE patients with LGD.

METHODS:

A blinded, retrospective cohort study was derived from the screening cohort of a randomized controlled trial of SURveillance vs RadioFrequency ablation for BE patients with LGD. Hematoxylin and eosin and p53 immunohistochemistry slides from the first endoscopy with LGD were independently reviewed by 3 expert pathologists and tested by the risk prediction assay. Revision diagnoses of NDBE were considered low risk, although indefinite for dysplasia, and LGD were considered high risk for progression.

RESULTS:

A total of 155 BE patients (123 men), mean age 61 ± 10 years, were analyzed. Thirty-four patients (22%) progressed to high-grade dysplasia/esophageal adenocarcinoma (median time 2.4 years) and 121 did not progress (median high-grade dysplasia/esophageal adenocarcinoma-free surveillance 7.9 years). The risk prediction assay sensitivity was 68% vs 76% for the 3 pathologists, and specificity was 79% vs 64%–77.0% for the pathologists. The assay detected 50%–56% of progressors that were downstaged to NDBE by the pathologists.

DISCUSSION:

The risk prediction assay provided significant risk stratification in BE patients with LGD and identified progressors that the experts downstaged to NDBE. This objective assay provides an effective solution to the lack of standardization of expert pathology review of LGD.
Derechos humanos, democracia y poder judicial
Authors: Ávila Hernández Flor María , Prieto Salas Manuel Asdrúbal , León Molina Jorge Enrique , Villalobos Antúnez José Vicente , Machado Gustavo , Romero Neces Luis , Endrizzi Dimitri , Prieto Fetiva Camilo Humberto
Published: November 2020

This book introduces an analysis of the interrelationships among democracy, judiciary and human rights. It uses the notion of democratic legitimacy as a central concept to think the following: some aspects of language; the ontic of morals related to human rights; minimal conditions of democratic power as an argumentative representation; and, tension between democracy and constitutional pre-commitments related to judiciary power which performs a legal inspection of the law. It concludes with the necessity to adapt a weak substantivist model in order to state a democratic constitutionalism.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF CHITOSAN COATING ON MICROBIOLOGICAL AND OXIDATIVE PROPERTIES OF REFRIGERATED BEEF
Authors: KAHVE Halil İbrahim , DURAN Ayhan
Published: November 2020

Beef is an animal food sensitive to deterioration with short shelf-life due to its rich nutrient content. Many studies concerned with the use of edible coating are carried out to increase the shelf life of beef. In this study, it was aimed to extend the shelf life of beef using chitosan. For this purpose, the bovine meat was coated with chitosan and stored at +4 ºC for 7 days. Total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Stapylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas spp. counts and thiobarbituric acid values were analyzed. As a result, it was found that the chitosan coating reduced the TMAB, Pseudomonas spp. counts and TBARS values (P < 0.05) and inhibited all S. aureus up to day 5 of storage. According to the data obtained from this study, it has been concluded that chitosan can be used as a bio-preservative in the meat industry due to the antimicrobial and antioxidantive properties.
DRYING KINETICS OF REDUCED FAT WHITE CHEESE DRIED BY DIFFERENT METHODS
Authors: KÖPRÜALAN Özgün , ELMAS Feyza , BODRUK Anıl , ARIKAYA Şeyma , KOÇ Mehmet , KOCA Nurcan , ERTEKİN Figen
Published: November 2020

In the current study, three different drying methods, including hot air drying (50, 60, 70 °C and 1.8 m/s), microwave drying (180, 360, 540 W) and freeze-drying (0.2, 0.15, 0.1 mbar) were experimentally studied and the drying kinetics of reduced-fat white cheese (RFWC) were determined. Microwave drying process time was significantly shorter than hot air drying and freeze-drying for RFWC. Semi-empirical models were applied to determine the most appropriate drying model targeting the highest R2 and the lowest RMSE and χ2 values representing the drying kinetics of RFWC. The effective diffusion coefficient values for different drying methods varied from 1.521 x 10-9 to 4.432 x 10-8 m2/s. Through increasing the temperature, microwave power, and vacuum pressure, effective diffusion coefficient values increased. The activation energy values were determined as 12.421 kJ/mol for hot air drying and 5.599 W/g for microwave drying.
GROWTH ABILITY OF BACTERIOCINOGENIC STRAINS IN MILK AND THEIR BACTERIOCIN ACTIVITY AGAINST CHEESE STARTER CULTURES
Authors: ÖNCÜL Nilgün , YILDIRIM Zeliha
Published: November 2020

In this study, the growing ability of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis BZ and Enterococcus faecalis KP in different fat content milk at 30°C for 48 hours and the efficiency of their bacteriocins, lactococcin BZ and enterocin KP, against three types of cheese starter (Choozit MA 11LYO 50, Choozit MA 19LYO 50 and DI-Prox M265) in full fat milk were determined. The growth and bacteriocin production abilities of L. lactis ssp. lactis BZ and E. faecalis KP in milk were examined for 48 hours at 30°C. As a result of the study, it was determined that both bacteria grew better in milk with low fat content and produced more bacteriocin. It was found that lactococcin BZ (1600 AU/mL) and enterocin KP (1600 AU/mL) had an inhibitory effect against three different cheese starter cultures analyzed when used separately or in combination.
Métricas de autor Sonia Marcela Rosas Arango
Authors: Camilo Alejandro Corchuelo Rodriguez , Cristian Alexander Vega Mosquera , Luz Marina Paez
Published: November 2020

Informe de las métricas de autor de la Dra. Sonia Marcela Rosas Arango de las publicaciones indexadas en Google Académico cuyo objetivo es entregar un insumo para el fortalecimiento de las capacidades y potencialidades de los autores de la Universidad Santo Tomás en el posicionamiento y visibilidad de sus publicaciones.
Valoración de la cultura organizacional de lasinstituciones educativas de educación superior en iberoamérica. VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Investigación sobre Gobernanza
Authors: Oswaldo Leyva Cordero , Abraham Alfredo Hernández Paz , Gerardo Tamez González
Published: November 2020

La Cultura Organizacional (CO) es considerada una ventaja diferenciadora de cada organización y para muchos autores es el aspecto más importante para definir su éxito sostenible, por esta razón Julia (2011), la define como un conjunto de valores, creencias y principios fundamentales que comprometen a los miembros de una organización, en cuanto al desarrollo de investigaciones sobre CO en contextos educativos en Iberoamérica, Gairín (2000) destaca la relevancia de su análisis para la comprensión de la cultura escolar. Por lo tanto, la presente investigación tiene el objetivo de identificar los factores más relevantes que influyen en la efectividad de las instituciones educativas de educación superior en Iberoamérica, y que aporte con la elaboración de un nuevo modelo adaptado a la realidad local para apoyar al desarrollo de las Instituciones educativas. Este estudio tendrá un enfoque cuantitativo mediante herramienta de apoyo con SPSS, considerando las variables claves Implicación, Consistencia, Adaptabilidad y Misión, desarrolladas a partir del modelo de Cultura Organizacional de Denison (1994) y Bonavia et al., (2009).
Are Students Satisfied with the Current School-Based Curriculum of Chinese Traditional Culture? A Survey of 120 Elementary and Middle Schools in China
Authors: Ding Yiran , Lv Lijie
Published: November 2020

The school-based curriculum is one of the crucial ways of Chinese traditional culture education. Therefore, it is essential to discuss the current elementary and middle school students’ satisfaction with the traditional cultural school-based curriculum. A survey of the curriculum satisfaction of 120 elementary and middle schools in China with a traditional cultural school-based curriculum found that students’ satisfaction with these curriculums is generally average. However, students believed that the quality of the curriculum is still low. Its main manifestations were passive satisfaction, compromise satisfaction, excellent satisfaction, fall satisfaction, and autonomous satisfaction. This highlighted the problems of some traditional cultural school-based curriculums like the positioning is based on subjective guesswork, the content has not been effectively screened, and the implementation method is a single indoctrination. Based on this, we suggest that: (i) create an all-round atmosphere for students to learn traditional culture actively; (ii) reshape the traditional culture in the curriculum according to the value of the times; (iii) guarantee the cultural resources and professional teachers of curriculum implementation with discipline construction, and (iv) focus on the experience of the implementation process.