bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Olive Oil Quality Using Different DNA-Based Methods
Authors: Moscato Giovanna , Bonavita Savino , Regina Teresa Maria Rosaria
Published: November 2024

Olive oil is appreciated worldwide for its unique nutritional and organoleptic properties. It is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants, which are well-known for their health benefits. The qualitative characteristics of olive oil can be adversely affected by various biotic and abiotic factors. Particularly, microbial pathogens, such as mold fungi, can cause the deterioration of the oil and, thus, be a serious risk to consumer health. In this study, the effectiveness of DNA-based methods, i.e., endpoint PCR, Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), all based on the ITS2-28S region, were used to evaluate the fungal contamination of samples of extra virgin olive oil. All the DNA techniques were able to detect, albeit at different levels, fungal infections affecting some of the basic quality parameters of the olive oils analyzed. However, compared to endpoint PCR and/or RT-PCR, the LAMP assay greatly simplified and accelerated the identification of pathogenic mold in the oil samples. This may encourage the olive oil industry to adopt this method in order to offer the consumer an oil with specific health parameters and therefore guarantee the safety and quality of this precious food product.
Physiological Response of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Grown on Technosols Designed for Soil Remediation
Authors: González-Quero Mateo , Aguilar-Garrido Antonio , Paniagua-López Mario , García-Huertas Carmen , Sierra-Aragón Manuel , Blasco Begoña
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on the physiological response of lettuce grown on Technosols designed for the remediation of soils polluted by potentially harmful elements (PHEs: As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn). Lettuce plants were grown in five treatments: recovered (RS) and polluted soil (PS) as controls, and three Technosols (TO, TS, and TV) consisting of 60% PS mixed with 2% iron sludge, 20% marble sludge, and 18% organic wastes (TO: composted olive waste, TS: composted sewage sludge, and TV: vermicompost of garden waste). The main soil properties and PHE solubility were measured, together with physiological parameters related to phytotoxicity in lettuce such as growth, photosynthetic capacity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defence. All Technosols improved unfavourable conditions of PS (i.e., neutralised acidity and enhanced OC content), leading to a significant decrease in Cd, Cu, and Zn mobility. Nevertheless, TV was the most effective as the reduction in PHEs mobility was higher. Furthermore, lettuce grown on TV and TO showed higher growth (+90% and +41%) than PS, while no increase in TS. However, lower oxidative stress and impact on photosynthetic rate occurred in all Technosols compared to PS (+344% TV, +157% TO, and +194% TS). This physiological response of lettuce proves that PHE phytotoxicity is reduced by Technosols. Thus, this ecotechnology constitutes a potential solution for soil remediation, with effectiveness of Technosols depending largely on its components.
Effects of Rice Root Development and Rhizosphere Soil on Methane Emission in Paddy Fields
Authors: Guan Sheng , Qi Zhijuan , Li Sirui , Du Sicheng , Xu Dan
Published: November 2024

Paddy fields are important anthropogenic emission sources of methane (CH4). However, it is not clear how rice root development and rhizosphere soil properties affect CH4 emissions. Therefore, we selected rice varieties with similar growth periods but different root traits in the local area. We measured CH4 emission fluxes, cumulative CH4 emissions, root dry weight, root length, and the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), redox potential (Eh), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+–N), and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−–N) contents in rhizosphere soil. Methanogens and methanotrophs are crucial factors influencing CH4 emissions; thus, their abundance and community composition were also assessed. The result showed that CH4 fluxes of each rice variety reached the peak at tillering stage and jointing-booting stage. The CH4 emissions in tillering stage were the largest in each growth period. CH4 emissions had negative correlations with root length, root dry weight, Eh NO3−–N, methanotroph abundance, and the pmoA/mcrA ratio, and positive correlations with NH4+–N, MBC, DOC, and methanogen abundance. Path analysis confirmed methanogens and methanotrophs as direct influences on CH4 emissions. Root development and rhizosphere soil properties affect CH4 emissions indirectly through these microbes. This study suggests that choosing rice varieties with good root systems and managing the rhizosphere soil can effectively reduce CH4 emissions.
Identification of RppSLN from an Elite Landrace: A Major Locus Conferring Resistance to Southern Corn Rust in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Wang Yufei , Ma Shuai , Zhang Dengfeng , Li Chunhui , Chen Lin , Tang Bin , An Yixin , Liu Xuyang , He Guanhua , Shi Yunsu , Li Yu , Wang Tianyu , Yang Deguang , Li Yongxiang
Published: November 2024

Southern corn rust (SCR) is one of the most destructive foliar diseases in maize (Zea mays L.), resulting in significant yield losses. Therefore, the continuous identification of disease-resistant germplasm and the deployment of resistant hybrids is essential for durably controlling SCR. The objective of this research was to identify and characterize resistance loci against SCR in maize to expand disease management strategies. Here, we identified a maize landrace with high resistance to SCR ‘Silunuo’ (SLN) approaching complete immunity. We backcrossed it with a susceptible inbred line, N531, to generate a stable SCR-resistant introgression line N531_R. By crossing it with F35 (a susceptible inbred line), we created a large F2 segregating population and mapped a major SCR-resistant locus on chromosome 10, known as RppSLN. Based on the genome assembly and annotation, we found that RppSLN harbors two NBS-LRR (nucleotide binding site–leucine-rich repeat) genes, namely Zmays10G000430 and Zmays10G000440. These NBS-LRR genes were significantly induced during artificial inoculation with Puccinia polysora, suggesting that they might be candidate genes collectively contributing to the resistance level at this locus. In conclusion, this study identified a major SCR resistance locus directly isolated from a landrace, providing valuable support and information for expanding new disease-resistant germplasms and promoting the utilization of landraces.
Systematic Survey and Analysis Reveal Jasmonate ZIM-Domain Gene Family in Coix lacryma-jobi Under High Temperature
Authors: Yu Zhenming , Shen Yufeng , Sun Yiming , Xu Zhangting , Zheng Feixiong , Shen Xiaoxia
Published: November 2024

Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) acts as the repressor of the JA signaling pathway and plays a significant role in stress-inducible defense, hormone crosstalk, and the regulation of the growth-defense tradeoff. The aim of this study is to systematically survey and analyze the JAZ gene family in Coix lacryma-jobi and unveil its expression profiles in diverse organs under high-temperature stress using transcriptome. The results identified a total of 20 JAZ family proteins randomly mapped on four chromosomes and encoding 159–409 amino acids. They were clustered into six groups and were mainly located in the nucleus. The conserved motifs, gene composition, and secondary structure of ClJAZ members within the same subtribes were similar. Multitudinous cis-regulating elements employed in hormone responsiveness and stress responsiveness were displayed before the promoter sequences of ClJAZ1-ClJAZ20. ClJAZ1-ClJAZ20 were differentially distributed across diverse organs (the roots, shoots, leaves, kernels, glumes, and flowers), exposed to high-temperature stresses, and treated using ABA or MeJA. A total of 29115 DEGs were identified under heat stress, which were mainly involved in biological regulation and the metabolic process. Intriguingly, ClJAZ15 was highly expressed in the leaves of C. lacryma-jobi, down-regulated by MeJA, but up-regulated by heat stress and ABA, inferring that ClJAZ15 might be associated with ABA-inducible heat stress. The results laid a foundation for in-depth study of the role of ClJAZ family genes in C. lacryma-jobi.
Impacts of Climate Changes on Spatiotemporal Variation of Cotton Water Requirement and Irrigation in Tarim Basin, Central Asia
Authors: Xu Min , Wu Hao , Chen Xiaoping
Published: November 2024

Evapotranspiration (ETc), crop water requirement (Dcr), irrigation (IR) and irrigation leaching amount (IRlc) play a critical role in optimizing irrigation scheduling and are also important for hydrological cycle processes and ecological environment in arid regions. This research examined the spatiotemporal variability of the ETc, Dcr and IR of cotton using data from 16 meteorological stations in the Tarim basin (TRB) of arid Northwest China during 1961–2017. The results showed that the mean annual ETc of cotton exhibited a significant decreasing trend, with a change rate of 12.965 mm·10 a−1 and 18.357 mm·10 a−1 during 1961–2017 and 1961–1990, respectively. Subsequently, it experienced a substantial increase with a change rate of 16.833 mm·10 a−1 after 1990. The Dcr of cotton followed a decreasing trend at a rate of 15.531 mm·10 a−1 and 21.99 mm·10 a−1 during 1961–2017 and 1961–1990, respectively. The Dcr of cotton provided an increasing trend at a rate of 20.164 mm·10 a−1 during 1991–2017. The IR of cotton followed a decreasing trend at a rate of 19.66 mm·10 a−1 in 1961–2017 and 24.531 mm·10 a−1 in 1961–1990, but an increasing trend at a rate of 14.437 mm·10 a−1 in 1991–2017. The IRlc of cotton decreased by 2.566 mm·10 a−1 and 3.663 mm·10 a−1 during 1961–2017 and 1961–1990, respectively. After 1990, it experienced a substantial increase by 3.331 mm·10 a−1. Wind speed exerted the greatest influence on the variability in Dcr and IR between 1961 and 1990, while shine hour played a more prominent role in explaining the variability in Dcr and precipitation may have played a more significant role in explaining the variability in IR. This study is helpful for the scientific planning for agriculture, water resource allocation and water-saving irrigation in arid regions.
Establishment of Dittrichia viscosa L. Hairy Roots and Improvement of Bioactive Compound Production
Authors: Paradiso Annalisa , Durante Miriana , Caretto Sofia , De Paolis Angelo
Published: November 2024

Dittrichia viscosa is a ruderal plant species growing along roadsides and well adapting to extreme environmental conditions. D. viscosa plant tissues, especially leaves, are known to be a rich source of bioactive metabolites which have antioxidant, cytotoxic, antiproliferative and anticancer properties. Hairy root cultures are a suitable biotechnological system for investigating plant metabolic pathways and producing specialized metabolites in in vitro conditions. In this study, D. viscosa hairy root transformed lines induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC15834 were obtained using leaf explants, and the integration of rolB and rolC genes in the genomes of transformed hairy roots were confirmed by PCR analysis. Three hairy root D. viscosa lines (DvHrT1, DvHrT4 and DvHrT5) having different phenotypic features were characterized in terms of total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. Correlated with antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid content of DvHrT1 was significantly higher than control roots and the other DvHrT lines. Our results suggest that D. viscosa hairy roots can be a valuable tool for producing various bioactive compounds having antioxidant activity and are to be further investigated to produce other specific molecules that could find application in agricultural or pharmaceutical fields.
Diversity and Virulence of Diaporthe Species Associated with Peach Trunk Diseases in China
Authors: Zhou Ying , Zhang Wei , Abeywickrama Pranami D. , He Zhizheng , Zhang Zhixiang , Li Yonghua , Li Shifang , Fan Zaifeng , Yan Jiye
Published: November 2024

Peach (Prunus persica L.) is one of the most important and oldest stone fruits grown in China. Though Diaporthe species have more commonly been reported as plant pathogens, endophytes and saprophytes with a wide range of plant hosts, little is known about the Diaporthe species associated with peach trunk diseases in China. In the present study, forty-four Diaporthe isolates were obtained from trees with peach branch canker, shoot blight and gummosis symptoms in four provinces in China. Based on a combination of morphology and multi-locus sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), calmodulin (cal), translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) and β-tubulin (tub2), these Diaporthe isolates were assigned to four species. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of all of the species, D. arecae, D. caulivora, D. discoidispora and D. eres, are provided. This study further reports the first host association of D. caulivora and D. discoidispora on peaches worldwide. The pathogenicity experiment results revealed that D. arecae was the most aggressive species, whereas D. discoidispora was the least aggressive on detached peach shoots. This study provides new insights into the fungi associated with peach trunk diseases in China, and the results of this study may help to facilitate routine diagnosis and planning of suitable plant disease management strategies.
Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foam Biocomposites with Enhanced Flame Retardancy
Authors: Węgrzyk Grzegorz , Grzęda Dominik , Leszczyńska Milena , Nędza Bartosz , Bulanda Katarzyna , Oleksy Mariusz , Ryszkowska Joanna , Cabulis Ugis
Published: November 2024

The growing demand for viscoelastic polyurethane foams creates a need for new sustainable raw materials that support cost-effective production while maintaining the desired material performance and fire safety standards. In this regard, our study aimed to develop viscoelastic polyurethane foam composites with reduced flammability and a high proportion of renewable raw materials. To achieve this, blackcurrant pomace, expandable graphite and a third-generation blowing agent were introduced to a viscoelastic polyurethane foam composition containing a reactive flame retardant in the formulation. The effects of the incorporated additives on the foaming process, flammability, chemical structure, cellular structure, thermal properties and physico-mechanical properties of the composites were determined. The results showed that the viscoelastic foam composite containing 30 php of blackcurrant pomace and 15 php of expandable graphite had a pHRRmax 52% lower than that of the reference material. The additional use of a blowing agent enhanced the flame-retardant effect of the materials, resulting in a 67% reduction in pHRRmax of the composite compared to the reference material. Moreover, the developed biocomposites exhibited promising limiting oxygen index values of 26–28%, compared to the 21% shown for the reference sample. Consequently, the best-performing biocomposites achieved the V-0 flammability rating according to the UL-94 standard. This study’s results indicate the composites’ high application potential due to their reduced flammability and the materials’ desirable physical and mechanical properties.
Development of Antioxidant-Active Sericin–Curcumin-Loaded Sodium Alginate/Polyvinyl Alcohol Films Crosslinked with Calcium Chloride as a Promising Wound Dressing Application
Authors: Yamdech Rungnapha , Terahsongkran Vareesa , Terahsongkran Varis , Cherdchom Sarocha , Aramwit Pornanong
Published: November 2024

Silk sericin (SS) and curcumin (Cur) possess significant antioxidant properties, making them highly beneficial for wound healing applications. This study aimed to develop SS–Cur-loaded sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol (SA/PVA) films crosslinked with calcium chloride, creating a biomaterial with enhanced stability and antioxidant properties. Wound dressings containing SS-Cur were fabricated by mixing SA and PVA at different ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, and 1:6. The resulting films were then crosslinked with calcium chloride in an ethanol solution to enhance film integrity. These films were characterized using several techniques, revealing that the presence of ethanol in calcium chloride affected film properties, including the gel fraction, swelling, film thickness, and FTIR analysis. The presence of ethanol in calcium chloride revealed the highest drug content in the SA/PVA films. In vitro release studies demonstrated sustained release of SS-Cur from all formulations. Cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity tests showed that SS–Cur-loaded SA/PVA films with ethanol in calcium chloride increased cell viability and enhanced antioxidant effects in L929 cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the presence of ethanol in the crosslinking solution improved the functionality of SS–Cur-loaded SA/PVA films, making them promising candidates for wound healing and soft tissue regeneration.
Dynamic Impedance Model of Low-Voltage Electric Shock in Animals Considering the Influence of Water Electrolysis
Authors: Tong Haixin , Zeng Xiangjun , Yu Kun , Zhou Zehua
Published: November 2024

This study aims to tackle the challenge of explaining the underlying mechanisms behind the time-varying impedance phenomenon in animals experiencing low-voltage electric shocks. A dynamic impedance model that considers the effect of water electrolysis (WEDI) has been developed. First, we conducted root cause analyses through progressive validation experiments, identifying water within the shocked body as the key factor influencing impedance variation. Monitoring hydrogen concentration above the electrodes and measuring mass changes in the shocked body revealed that the time-varying impedance is closely related to internal water electrolysis. Second, we quantitatively analyzed the impact of water molecule decomposition during electrolysis on the salt concentration and conductivity within the electrically shocked body. A mathematical relationship between the variable resistance within the body and time was derived. A dynamic impedance model for animal electric shock that considered the effects of water electrolysis was subsequently established, explaining the underlying mechanism behind the time-varying impedance phenomenon. Finally, the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the electric shock current predicted by the WEDI model and actual measurements were 0.00357, 0.00350, and 0.00446. Compared to existing models, the WEDI model demonstrates superior accuracy and interpretability.
On the Location and Accessibility of Active Acid Sites in MFI Zeolites Modified by Alkaline Treatment
Authors: Tonutti Lucas G. , Vergara Lourdes , Querini Carlos A. , Dalla Costa Bruno O.
Published: November 2024

An MFI zeolite (Si/Al = 40) was desilicated by alkaline treatment in order to generate mesopores. Temperature, alkali concentration and treatment duration were adjusted to maximize mesoporosity while preserving the zeolite structure. Special attention was paid to the characterization of the strength and accessibility of the acid sites. The catalysts were tested in the isobutane/butene alkylation, a reaction that is typically catalyzed by zeolites but limited by coke deposition. Additionally, glycerol esterification with acetic acid was used as a test reaction due to the required participation of large pores. The results confirmed that mesopores were successfully generated in the MFI zeolite, and the diffusion through the solid was enhanced, but the active sites were mainly confined to the micropores.
Pulsed Electric Field for Quick-Cooking Rice: Impacts on Cooking Quality, Physicochemical Properties, and In Vitro Digestion Kinetics
Authors: Thongkong Saban , Kraithong Supaluck , Singh Jaspreet , Tangjaidee Pipat , Yawootti Artit , Klangpetch Wannaporn , Rachtanapun Pornchai , Rawdkuen Saroat , Phongthai Suphat
Published: November 2024

Pulsed electric field (PEF) is one of the emerging technologies that has been applied in many aspects of the food industry. This study examined the impacts of a PEF on the cooking quality, physicochemical properties, nutritional factors, and in vitro protein and starch digestion of two varieties of rice, including Jasmine 105 (white non-glutinous rice) and San Pa Tong 1 (white glutinous rice). Response surface methodology (RSM) and a three-level, three-factor Box–Behnken design were employed to assess the effects of the pulse number, electric field strength, and frequency on cooking time. The findings demonstrated that the number of pulses was a crucial factor influencing cooking time. Under optimal conditions (3347–4345 pulses, electric field strengths of 6–8 kV/cm, and frequencies ranging from 6 to 15 Hz), the rice cooking time was significantly reduced by 40–50% (p < 0.05) when compared to a conventional method. Moreover, PEF-treated rice showed a significant enhancement in in vitro protein and starch digestibility (p < 0.05), as well as retained a higher content of rapidly digestible starch. These results suggested that PEF treatment is a promising green technology for producing a novel quick-cooking rice with an improved eating quality.
Visualization and Simulation of Foam-Assisted Gas Drive Mechanism in Surface Karst Slit-Hole Type Reservoirs
Authors: Chen Zhengbang , Wang Lei , Luo Juan , Zhang Jianpeng
Published: November 2024

Nitrogen injection technology has become an important production technology after water injection development in the karst fracture-vuggy reservoir in Tahe Oilfield. However, due to the influence of reservoir heterogeneity and the high mobility of gas fluid, nitrogen easily forms a dominant channel and gas channeling occurs, and the recovery effect time is short. Based on this, a visual surface karst model is designed and created to study nitrogen foam-assisted gas drive. The results show that after gas channeling occurs in the dominant channel of nitrogen flooding, foam injection-assisted gas flooding can improve oil recovery. In the longitudinal direction, foam-assisted gas drive mainly displaces the remaining oil because of gravity differentiation and the reduction of oil–water interfacial tension. In the horizontal direction, foam-assisted gas drive is mainly used to block the large pore cracks and dominant channels, promote the gas to turn into large tortuous and small cracks, and expand the swept efficiency of the gas. After forming the dominant channel, injecting 0.3 pv salt-sensitive foam with a gas–liquid ratio of 2:1 in the middle of the gas channel can improve the recovery rate of the model from 4% to about 25%, and the recovery rate can be increased by about 20%, which improves the effect of gas flushing and improves the development efficiency of the oil field at the same time.
Analysis and Optimization of the Noise Reduction Performance of Sound-Absorbing Materials in Complex Environments
Authors: Mao Mengting , Wu Fayuan , Hu Sheng , Dai Xiaomin , He Qiang , Tang Jinhui , Hong Xian
Published: November 2024

The acoustic performance of sound barrier absorption materials utilized in substations is subject to variations due to factors such as sandstorms, corrosion, and rainfall. In this study, a model of the absorbing material was developed based on the Delany–Bazley model using COMSOL simulation software, version 5.6. The influence of porosity and material thickness on the absorption coefficient was analyzed, and the patterns of change were summarized. The results indicated that porosity significantly affected the entire analysis frequency range, while material thickness had a more pronounced impact in the low-frequency range. Building upon these findings, a blended fiber absorption material was formulated through research efforts. Experimental results demonstrated that the aluminum fiber diameter measured 30 microns, while the aramid fiber diameter was 12 microns; additionally, their mass ratio was established at 3:1. The material thickness was determined to be 10 cm with a face density of 2500 g/m2, resulting in optimal absorption performance. Durability tests revealed that this material could sustain effective acoustic performance across various complex environments. Finally, simulations and analyses regarding noise reduction effects were conducted within actual application scenarios; it was found that the noise reduction capability of the blended fiber sound barrier absorption material exceeded that of glass wool by 4.78 dB.
A Modified Control Strategy for Three-Phase Four-Switch Active Power Filters Based on Fundamental Positive Sequence Extraction
Authors: Xiao Chun , Ren Yulu , Cao Qiong , Wang Lei , Yin Jingyu
Published: November 2024

Three-phase four-switch active power filters (APFs) have attracted attention due to their low amount of semiconductors and low cost. The traditional control strategy of three-phase four-switch APFs usually includes phase-locked loops (PLLs) and rotating coordinate transformation for harmonic detection, resulting in complicated calculations and increased computation. In this paper, a modified control strategy for three-phase four-switch APFs based on fundamental positive sequence extraction is proposed, eliminating PLLs and rotating coordinate transformation with trigonometric calculations. Harmonic extraction is based on the fundamental positive sequence extraction method, while non-locked phase loop coordinate transformation is proposed to eliminate trigonometric calculations. Quasi-PR control is adopted for current tracking, and DC voltage control is designed to suppress voltage imbalance between the two split capacitors on the DC side. The space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) method is modified for a reduced-switch APF topology. The proposed control strategy guarantees excellent harmonic compensation: harmonic currents are significantly suppressed when the APFs are working, the THD of the source current decreases to 3.86%, the bus voltage fluctuation on the DC side is small, the voltage remains stable, and the computational complexity is reduced. Finally, a simulation and an experimental hardware platform are established to validate the feasibility and performance of the proposed control strategy. The experimental results show that it has good performance in suppressing harmonics and improving power quality.
How the Science–Religion Interface of Christian Religious Leaders Shape Their Perceptions of Depression
Authors: Chan Esther , Di Di
Published: November 2024

This study explores the relationship between Christian religious leaders’ beliefs about the science and religion interface and their understanding of the causes and treatments for depression. We focus on Christian religious leaders because they often serve as first responders for congregants seeking help with mental health issues and are influential figures in maintaining the authority of religious institutions. Previous research has neglected the role of religious leaders’ perceptions of the science–religion relationship in shaping their views on mental health. Relying on responses from approximately 1200 Christian religious leaders from the National Survey of Religious Leaders in the United States, this study adopts ordinal logistic regression to examine how epistemological conflict, epistemic openness, and views of institutional conflict shape religious leaders’ interpretations of and treatments for depression. This study contributes to knowledge of science and religion, religious leaders, and mental health in the United States.
Modern Postural Yoga, Meditation, and Spiritual Seeking: Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga and “Moving Meditation”
Authors: Ito Masayuki
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on yoga as part of contemporary spiritual culture (CSC) and examines the relationship between modern yoga and meditation. First, I investigate the purpose of practice and the position of meditation in classical yoga and hatha yoga; I clarify that classical yoga aims to stop the fluctuations of the mind by subduing physical activity, while hatha yoga aims to activate energy by working on the body, which is a microcosm of the universe. Next, I explore the characteristics of modern postural yoga (MPY, which was established in the early 20th century) and how it differs from traditional yoga. Based on the above discussion, I examine ashtanga vinyasa yoga (AVY), a major school of MPY that has greatly influenced many other forms of yoga. I point out several interpretive frameworks for a series of physical practices in ashtanga yoga (within the same school of yoga). While the Indian tradition views asanas (physical postures) as preparation for meditation, the Western counterculture-influenced yoga that developed after the late 1960s views asanas as a microcosm of life, as a search for spirituality, and as “moving meditation”.
Temple Diplomacy, Sacred Rites, and Overseas Chinese During the Reign of Song Emperor Zhenzong (997–1022)
Authors: Sattler Gregory
Published: November 2024

Throughout most of Chinese history, leaders viewed the migration and movement of their subjects beyond state borders as a symptom of poor governance. As a result, record keepers generally avoided addressing the topic of Chinese people traveling or residing overseas. There is, however, an exceptional moment in Chinese history that provides valuable insight into the early establishment of Chinese communities abroad. Facing political pressure after signing a humiliating peace treaty with foreign adversaries in 1005, the Song dynasty emperor Zhenzong (968–1022, r. 997–1022) utilized unconventional forms of religious diplomacy and revived ancient rites to shore up support for his rule. The Feng and Shan rites were the highest level of sacrifice that an emperor could undertake, and they were only carried out by several emperors prior to Zhenzong’s reign. One of the requirements of this complex ritual was for the sovereign to attract foreign peoples from afar by his virtuous character, and so Zhenzong’s reign witnessed major initiatives to attract foreign envoys from states such as Srivijaya (Sumatra), Dai Viet (northern Vietnam), Japan, and India. Zhenzong’s reign also incorporated forms of diplomacy that originated in South and Southeast Asia, namely, the construction of temples in foreign states to enhance his spiritual authority. This essay will demonstrate that Emperor Zhenzong relied on Chinese merchants residing overseas to work with foreign leaders to coordinate the participation of foreign emissaries in such forms of temple diplomacy and in the Feng and Shan sacrifices. The significance of these events brought the activities of Chinese people trading and residing overseas to the attention of the Song court and its chroniclers, and as a result, we are left with the earliest indications of Chinese communities abroad in official Chinese histories.
“Where You Go I Will Go and Where You Stay I Will Stay”: How Exegetical Poetry Enriches Our Understanding of Ruth 1:16–17 and 1:20–21
Authors: Hutton Erin Martine
Published: November 2024

It is easy to underestimate Ruth. The story is short and sweet, in elementary Hebrew, about a loyal and obedient daughter-in-law, or so we have been led to believe. The book and its eponymous character are surprisingly complex. Although Ruth is an exemplar of Hebrew narrative, it contains two poetic insertions in the first chapter. Literal translations lose the poetry, and poetic translations are less faithful to the original language. Ruth has been chosen for road-testing a range of hermeneutical approaches, and here is one more. This paper approaches these poetic insertions and, indeed, the book of Ruth, as poetry and explores a new method for examining and interpreting Hebrew poetic texts, namely, exegetical poetry. I pay particular attention to poetic devices—parsing for parallelism, alliteration, and other poetic elements—and explore their significance. As I translate and exegete, I compose poetry reflecting the form, content, and theological themes of the Hebrew poetry through the use of similar English devices, imagery, and mood. The result is an amalgam of showing through exegetical poetry and telling through prose commentary, enriching our understanding of the characterization of Ruth and Naomi, and the relationship between these poetic insertions and the broader narrative.
Spontaneous Postoperative Reduction of Ulnar Aneurysm by Simple Decompression of Guyon’s Canal in a Patient with Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Gasparo Ettore , Gustar Adrian , Atzeni Matteo , Serra Pietro Luciano , Boriani Filippo
Published: November 2024

Background and Clinical Significance: Guyon’s canal syndrome is a pathological condition caused by compression of the ulnar nerve at the level of the wrist. It is less frequent than other compression syndromes of the upper limb (cubital and carpal tunnel), and different causative agents, including vascular lesions, are described. Among these, aneurysm of the ulnar artery is described in the literature as an infrequent aetiology. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 25-year-old young man with Guyon’s canal syndrome caused by an aneurysm of the ulnar artery, who underwent surgical decompression of the Guyon’s canal without intervening on the aneurysm. The postoperative course was free of complications, and the patient reported satisfaction, with reduced symptoms. Clinical examination and ultrasound imaging showed mass reduction of the aneurysm in the postoperative period, which appears to be an evolution hitherto undocumented in the literature. Conclusions: Many treatments are available for Guyon’s canal syndrome. Past medical and surgical treatments, duration and severity of symptoms, causes, and pathogenesis are important for therapeutic choice. Surgical treatment based on ligament section and lysis of the Guyon’s canal downstream, without any action on the aneurysm and with ulnar artery preservation, determined a reduction in terms of volume, relief of the symptoms, and patient satisfaction. With this case we describe a surgical therapeutic option for the treatment of Guyon’s canal syndrome caused by an aneurysm of the ulnar artery, in which surgery is limited to canal decompression and consequential aneurysm mass reduction with concomitant relief of symptoms.
Socio-Cultural Aspects of Diabetic Foot: An Ethnographic Study and an Integrated Model Proposal
Authors: Costa Davide , Gallelli Giuseppe , Scalise Enrica , Ielapi Nicola , Bracale Umberto Marcello , Serra Raffaele
Published: November 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an ongoing and growing health problem worldwide, with a series of important complications such as diabetic foot that can significatively reduce the quality of life of affected patients. This study aims to explore the socio-cultural aspects of patients with diabetic foot, analyzing the following research question: “What are the socio-cultural aspects experienced by patients with diabetic foot?” Methods: A qualitative design using an ethnographic approach was applied to study the social and cultural aspects of Italian diabetic foot patients. Results: We included 20 key informants: 13 men and 7 women. Ages ranged from 54 to 71, with an average age of 61.2. The data analysis revealed five main themes: perceptions of diabetic foot, living with diabetic foot, impacts of culture and economic performance, barriers to health and diabetic foot, and home remedies and alternative medicine. Conclusions: This study provides a new perspective on the influence of cultural factors on the health of diabetic foot patients, showing various factors related to a lack of knowledge and training, fear, and acceptance of diabetic foot. This study also presents a new integrated model which will allow patients and practitioners to act on the various critical issues that emerged from our research.
Bacterial Communities Nodulating Lupinus cosentinii Gus. and Their Inputs in the Worldwide Phylogeography of Lupine Endosymbionts
Authors: Rejili Mokhtar , Benabderrahim Mohamed Ali , Mars Mohamed
Published: November 2024

Genetic variability in bacterial populations that nodulate Lupinus cosentinii in Tunisia was investigated. Phylogenetic studies of 40 isolates using recA partial sequences categorized them into three clusters within the Bradyrhizobium genus. Twenty-three strains selected from the three clusters were thoroughly examined through housekeeping genes (recA, glnII and rpoB) multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). Our results showed that 23 representative strains were distributed in five distinct clusters, with 13 strains belonging to Bradyrhizobium canariense BTA-1T/Bradyrhizobium lupini USDA3051T (10 strains) and Bradyrhizobium hipponense aSej3T (three strains) lineages. Interestingly, eight strains occupied a separate position and could belong to two putative novel Bradyrhizobium species. The nodC phylogeny placed the 23 strains within three symbiovars: genistearum (19 strains), lupini (two strains) and, for the first time, the symbiovar cyanophyllae (two strains). Based on the worldwide phylogeography of rhizobial symbionts nodulating lupine (14 species), our results reported that eight species occurred in more than one continent, and six species were specific for one continent, e.g., Bradyrhizobium rifense, Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens, Phyllobacterium sp. and Devosia sp. were specific to the African continent, the Bradyrhizobium iriomotense/Bradyrhizobium stylosanthis group to America, and Bradyrhizobium valentinum to the European continent.
Landscape–Geochemical Assessment of Content of Potentially Toxic Trace Elements in Arctic Soils
Authors: Lodygin Evgeny , Alekseev Ivan , Nesterov Boris
Published: November 2024

The importance of research to assess the impact of potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) on the environment and the importance of environmental monitoring, taking into account the natural variability of soil properties, shaped the aim of our study: to determine the background concentrations of PTEs in different soil profiles in the European Northeast, specifically in the Republic of Komi in Russia, taking into account the landscape and geochemical characteristics of the area. We analysed 173 soil samples from five main soil subtypes. The acid soluble forms of PTEs (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd and Mn) were measured using an atomic emission spectrometer. We developed a database of PTE contents and created distribution maps for the Komi Republic using GIS technologies. The study found that PTE levels in soils from accumulative landscapes (such as depressions and floodplains) were generally higher than those in soils from eluvial landscapes (interfluves). We identified correlations between the levels of different PTEs and certain soil properties, providing insights into the biogeochemical migration patterns of these elements. The differentiation of PTEs in soil profiles was more pronounced in loamy automorphic soils and less so in sandy semi-hydromorphic and hydromorphic soils. Most soils, except floodplain soils, showed a clear eluvial–illuvial pattern of PTE distribution within the mineral soil profile, whereas floodplain soils showed a more uniform PTE distribution. The results of this study are useful for assessing the contamination levels of these soil types in high-latitude regions.
The Interplay Between Digital Technologies and Sustainable Performance: Does Lean Manufacturing Matter?
Authors: Buhaya Mohammed Ibrahim , Metwally Abdelmoneim Bahyeldin Mohamed
Published: November 2024

This study examines how digital technologies can improve a company’s overall sustainability. It also explores whether lean manufacturing practices can mediate the connection between digital technologies and sustainability. Data were collected from 319 senior managers, production managers, and general managers at Egyptian manufacturing companies and examined using the software Smart-PLS 4. The results show that digital technologies (i.e., blockchain, the Internet of Things, big data analytics, cloud computing, and the digital twins) have a positive impact on all three aspects of sustainability: environmental, social, and economic. Additionally, lean manufacturing was found to play a key role in this relationship. The model explained 34.3% of lean manufacturing practices, 59.7% of sustainable economic performance, 40.3% of sustainable social performance, and 40.6% of sustainable environmental performance. The findings of this study have some implications for companies, investors, and policymakers regarding how to improve economic, social, and environmental performance through fostering LMP and proper implementation of Digital Technologies (DTs). The current investigation extends the discourse on the role of digital technologies and new manufacturing techniques like lean manufacturing and how they can lead to sustainable performance. Positioned as one of the initial studies to examine the mediating role of lean manufacturing in the association between digital technologies and sustainable performance, this study provides insights within an emerging market context.
The Impact of PV Panel Degradation Rate, Initial System Efficiency, and Interest Rate on the Levelized Cost of Energy for PV Projects: Saudi Arabia as a Benchmark
Authors: Alafnan Hamoud
Published: November 2024

As nations worldwide strive for carbon neutrality, Saudi Arabia has set ambitious targets to increase its renewable energy capacity, aiming for 50% of its electricity production to come from renewable sources by 2030. To accurately assess the economic viability of these photovoltaic (PV) projects, it is crucial to consider the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). In this study, we developed a comprehensive model incorporating PV panel annual degradation rate, initial system efficiency, and interest rates to provide a more precise LCOE calculation. The results demonstrate that PV panel annual degradation, initial system efficiency, and interest rate all significantly influence LCOE. In the most favorable scenario with a 0.5% degradation rate, 0.95 initial system efficiency, and a 0% interest rate, the LCOE was USD 0.0156/kWh. However, under the least favorable scenario with a 2.5% degradation rate, 0.75 initial system efficiency, and a 4% interest rate, the LCOE increased to USD 0.0317/kWh, representing a 103.2% increase. These findings underscore the importance of considering these factors when evaluating the economic viability of PV projects. By understanding their impact, investors and policymakers can make informed decisions regarding renewable energy investments and policies.
A Study on Pendant and Blackboard Asymmetric Lens LED Luminaires for Optimal Illumination in Classrooms
Authors: Giang Duong Thi , Duong Pham Hong , Quan Nguyen Van , Trang Tran Ngoc Thanh , Khanh Tran Quoc
Published: November 2024

This study examines the transformative impact of integrating pendant asymmetric lens (PAL) and blackboard asymmetric lens (BAL) LED luminaires to enhance classroom lighting, with the goals of replicating the ambient effects of natural daylight and promoting energy efficiency. This research focuses on improving the quality of learning environments through uniform, soft, and diffused lighting, which mimics sky-like illumination while adhering to sustainable energy practices. Advanced asymmetric lens LED luminaires are employed to achieve optimal lighting distribution, as indicated by luminous intensity distribution curves. Comparative analyses in diverse educational settings reveal significant improvements in ceiling illuminance, ranging from 935 to 1000 lx, and workspace illuminance from 660 to 720 lx, with reduced glare (UGR < 10). This results in bright, visually comfortable spaces conducive to learning. Additionally, the PAL and BAL solutions outperform conventional lighting systems like stretched ceilings and lightboxes by maintaining clear overhead spaces, eliminating shadows, and offering cost-effective solutions. This successful integration demonstrates a notable advancement in the development of energy-efficient, visually comfortable educational environments, contributing to the goals of sustainability and improved well-being for both students and teachers.
Analyzing the Effect of Carbon Emission Regulations and Policy Tools in China on Reducing Emissions
Authors: Li Yuewen , Ju Gaoxiang , Miao Haochen , Zhou Jin , Liu Yizhou , Ullah Irfan
Published: November 2024

In China, whilst various policies have been implemented to mitigate carbon emissions in different periods, a lack of appropriate research and a narrow research perspective have manifested as the principal problems in past studies. In this study, China’s carbon emission policies were analyzed using dual-dimensional content analysis, the key characteristics are identified, and solutions are proposed to address the existing challenges. Content analysis was used for estimating the policy objectives; as a result, the findings of this study indicate that China’s carbon emission regulations can be divided into three distinct phases: the budding stage (2007–2013), the initial development period (2014–2018), and the rapid development period (2019–present). During this regulatory evolution, a significant concentration of authority was observed within specific sectors, particularly in the National Energy Administration and the National Development and Reform Commission; meanwhile, the level of cross-sectoral collaboration has remained insufficient. The primary regulatory instruments consist of notifications and advisory opinions, with a noticeable lack of enforceable, high-level legislation, highlighting the need for greater regulatory attention. Furthermore, China’s approach to the reduction in carbon emissions predominantly relies on mandatory command-and-control policy tools, with the key objectives focusing on quantitative control and management, sectoral emission regulations, and adjustments to the energy structure.
A Review of Carbon Emission Reduction During the Operation Stage of Substations
Authors: Che Weixian , Wang Yanfeng , Zhu Wenwei , Hong Lexin , Fang Can , Wu Huijun , Liu Jia
Published: November 2024

As an important part of the power industry, carbon reduction technology in substations plays a key role in supporting the implementation of national policy of carbon peak and reduction. In recent years, a series of carbon emission reduction measures have been developed in the operation phase of substations and promoted beneficial carbon emission reduction. This article summarizes the progress of related technologies and applications from the aspects of substation composition, carbon emission sources, carbon emission reduction technologies, and their effects. Firstly, the composition of carbon emissions from substations during operation is described. Secondly, various measures for carbon emission reduction are reviewed, including the selection of substation equipment types, the intelligent management of substation equipment, and the use of renewable energy. Finally, future technological directions for carbon reduction in substations are discussed, providing technical references and guidance for the sustainable construction and development of low-carbon substations.