bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling of Pulse Height Spectra of Gamma Detectors for Simplified Models of a Radioactive Cloud
Authors: Gavrilov Sergey , Il'ichev Egor , Kisilev Aleksey , Pimenov Artem , Shvedov Anton
Published: March 2021

The paper considers the issues of determining the pulse height spectra of gamma detector from a radioactive cloud. This task is of interest from the point of view of possible improvement of existing systems for monitoring the radiation situation around nuclear power plants and nuclear industry enterprises due to the wider use of gamma-spectrometric equipment. Modeling of pulse height spectra will allow conducting research on the capabilities of monitoring system posts for detecting radionuclides in the radioactive cloud. A general approach to modeling pulse height spectra using division of the radioactive cloud into elementary gamma sources is developed. The pulse height spectra of scintillator NaI ∅63×63 mm are calculated for simplified models of the radioactive cloud in the form of a linear gamma source and a semi-infinite space. The obtained data can be used for rapid estimates of pulse height spectra, while the formulated approach to spectra modeling also allows for more time-consuming calculations for an arbitraryshaped radioactive cloud with an arbitrary radionuclide composition.
Comparative analysis of regional chemotherapy methods on an experimental rat model with peritoneal carcinomatosis
Authors: Zakharenko Aleksandr , Beliaev Mikhail , Bagnenko Sergei , Vervekin Ilia , Iukina Galina , Tamazian Nina , Novikova Anastasiia , Paltyshev Ilia
Published: March 2021

Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a variant of implantation metastasis of tumors sprouting the serous membrane of an organ. At the moment, the most effective treatment for this disease is regional chemotherapy. Systemic chemotherapy is not effective enough. The standard for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis was cytoreductive interventions followed by open or closed hypertermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) or pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC).

Purpose of the study: in an animal experiment to compare the efficacy and safety of regional chemotherapy methods HIPEC and PIPAC

Materials and methods: the study was conducted on 44 rats of Wistar females. To simulate carcinomatosis, a strain of ascites ovarian tumor (OA) from the Russian Oncology Cancer Research Center N.N. Petrova. was used. The safety of the technique was evaluated clinically and based on laboratory blood tests. Efficiency - based on mass spectrometry, pathomorphological data and in assessing the life expectancy of animals.

Results: the conducted methods HIPEC (open, closed) and PIPAC have shown their safety in experiments on laboratory animals. The closed HIPEC technique is most effective. The analysis of the incidence of postoperative complications demonstrated a greater aggressiveness of open and closed techniques compared to the more “sparing” PIPAC method.

Conclusions: the experiment showed comparable safety of all animals tested. Due to the peculiarities of the technique, the PIPAC method can be used as an option for multi-stage treatment in cases where CPC and HIPEC are not possible due to a high index of peritoneal carcinomatosis, and as a neoadjuvant treatment to prevent peritoneal carcinomatosis. In any case, the prospects for using this method require further research.
Experimental therapy for rabbits with radiation cystitis
Authors: Korytov Oleg , Ivanov Sergey , Korytova Luiza , Semenov Alexandr , Tochilnikov Grigory , Vasilyeva Irina , Bespalov Vladimir , Achtemzyanov Artur
Published: March 2021

Using a new model of the induction of radiation cystitis (RC) in rabbits, the treatment effectiveness of animals with intravesical administration of a biodegradable drug - a gel containing salts of alginic and hyaluronic acids, as well as dioxidine and lidocaine (AHDL) was assessed. The work was performed on female rabbits of the “Chinchilla” breed. Fractional irradiation of the rabbit urinary bladder was carried out by a linear photon accelerator: a single dose per fraction was 6 Gy administered daily for 5 days to a total focal dose of 30 Gy. As a result of irradiation of the bladder, the animals developed RC. AHDL-gel was injected intravesically using a catheter at a dose of 2500 mg / kg of body weight 3 times a day weekly for 2 months, starting from 1 month after irradiation. The drug had a pronounced therapeutic effect on the rabbits with RC: the values ​​of clinical and laboratory indicators of cystitis in urea and blood were reduced, it was observed regression of morphological manifestations of inflammation in the bladder mucosa.
Mesenchimal stem cells in treatment of cancer patients with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Baldueva Irina , Nekhaeva Tatyana , Belyaev Aleksei
Published: March 2021

The review discusses the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of respiratory infection COVID-19 and the clinical use of cell technologies based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Due to the global pandemic of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection associated with the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the difficulty in treating severe cases of infection, the immunomodulatory activity of MSCs due to inflammatory microenvironment factors can be used in the complex treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia, including in cancer patients.
Semiempirical Modeling of the Atmospheres of the M Dwarf Exoplanet Hosts GJ 832 and GJ 581
Authors: Tilipman Dennis , Vieytes Mariela , Linsky Jeffrey L. , Buccino Andrea P. , France Kevin
Published: March 2021

Stellar ultraviolet (UV) radiation drives photochemistry, and extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) radiation drives mass loss in exoplanet atmospheres. However, the UV flux is partly unobservable due to interstellar absorption, particularly in the EUV range (100–912 Å). It is therefore necessary to reconstruct the unobservable spectra in order to characterize the radiation environment of exoplanets. In the present work, we use a radiative transfer code SSRPM to build one-dimensional semiempirical models of two M dwarf exoplanet hosts, GJ 832 and GJ 581, and synthesize their spectra. SSRPM is equipped with an extensive atomic and molecular database and full-NLTE capabilities. We use observations in the visible, ultraviolet, and X-ray ranges to constrain atmospheric structures of the modeled stars. The synthesized integrated EUV fluxes are found to be in good agreement with other reconstruction techniques, but the spectral energy distributions disagree significantly across the EUV range. More than two-thirds of the EUV flux is formed above 105 K. We find that the far-ultraviolet (FUV) continuum contributes 42%–54% of the entire FUV flux between 1450 and 1700 Å. The comparison of stellar structures of GJ 832 and GJ 581 suggests that GJ 832 is a more magnetically active star, which is corroborated by other activity indicators.
Dissecting the Supercritical Filaments Embedded in the 0.5 pc Subsonic Region of Barnard 5
Authors: Schmiedeke Anika , Pineda Jaime E. , Caselli Paola , Arce Héctor G. , Fuller Gary A. , Goodman Alyssa A. , Maureira María José , Offner Stella S. R. , Segura-Cox Dominique , Seifried Daniel
Published: March 2021

We characterize in detail the two ∼0.3 pc long filamentary structures found within the subsonic region of Barnard 5. We use combined Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope and Very Large Array observations of the molecular lines NH3(1,1) and (2,2) at a resolution of 1800 au, as well as James Clerk Maxwell Telescope continuum observations at 850 and 450 μm at a resolution of 4400 and 3000 au, respectively. We find that both filaments are highly supercritical with a mean mass per unit length, M/L, of ∼80 M
⊙ pc−1 after background subtraction, with local increases reaching values of ∼150 M
⊙ pc−1. This would require a magnetic field strength of ∼500 μG to be stable against radial collapse. We extract equidistant cuts perpendicular to the spine of the filament and fit a modified Plummer profile as well as a Gaussian to each of the cuts. The filament widths (deconvolved FWHM) range between 6500 and 7000 au (∼0.03 pc) along the filaments. This equals ∼twice the radius of the flat inner region. We find an anticorrelation between the central density and this flattening radius, suggestive of contraction. Further, we also find a strong correlation between the power-law exponent at large radii and the flattening radius. We note that the measurements of these three parameters fall in a plane and derive their empirical relation. Our high-resolution observations provide direct constraints on the distribution of the dense gas within supercritical filaments showing pre- and protostellar activity.
A Model for the Coupled Eruption of a Pseudostreamer and Helmet Streamer
Authors: Wyper P. F. , Antiochos S. K. , DeVore C. R. , Lynch B. J. , Karpen J. T. , Kumar P.
Published: March 2021

A highly important aspect of solar activity is the coupling between eruptions and the surrounding coronal magnetic field topology, which determines the trajectory and morphology of the event and can even lead to sympathetic eruptions from multiple sources. In this paper, we report on a numerical simulation of a new type of coupled eruption, in which a coronal jet initiated by a large pseudostreamer filament eruption triggers a streamer-blowout coronal mass ejection (CME) from the neighboring helmet streamer. Our configuration has a large opposite-polarity region positioned between the polar coronal hole and a small equatorial coronal hole, forming a pseudostreamer flanked by the coronal holes and the helmet streamer. Further out, the pseudostreamer stalk takes the shape of an extended arc in the heliosphere. We energize the system by applying photospheric shear along a section of the polarity inversion line within the pseudostreamer. The resulting sheared-arcade filament channel develops a flux rope that eventually erupts as a classic coronal-hole-type jet. However, the enhanced breakout reconnection above the channel as the jet is launched progresses into the neighboring helmet streamer, partially launching the jet along closed helmet streamer field lines and blowing out the streamer top to produce a classic bubble-like CME. This CME is strongly deflected from the jet’s initial trajectory and contains a mixture of open and closed magnetic field lines. We present the detailed dynamics of this new type of coupled eruption, its underlying mechanisms, and the implications of this work for the interpretation of in situ and remote-sensing observations.
Nonlinear Simulation of Ionospheric Irregularities at Mars
Authors: Jiang Chunhua , Yokoyama Tatsuhiro , Wei Lehui , Yang Guobin , Zhao Zhengyu
Published: March 2021

Motivated by the observations and linear theory analysis of ionospheric irregularities at Mars, we performed numerical simulations of the nonlinear evolution of the electromagnetic gradient drift instability in the Martian ionospheric dynamo region. The seeding source of ionospheric irregularities is perturbation zonal neutral wind. We found that the perturbation electric fields induced by the gradient drift instability can convect lower density plasma into higher density plasma at higher altitudes. Then, the associated perturbation magnetic field and electric field can cause the velocity shear of the plasma, which induced the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability at higher altitude. The Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities furthermore lead to smaller-scale irregularities in plasma density, magnetic field, and electric field in the Martial ionosphere. Key points: (1) Nonlinear simulation of small-scale ionospheric irregularities at Mars was present. (2) Ionospheric irregularities at Mars can be seeded by the perturbation neutral winds. (3) Model results are comparable to linear theory analysis and satellite observations.
Are multiplexed metabarcoding panels comparable to individual marker gene library preparations?
Authors: Eastwood Niamh , Orsini Luisa
Published: March 2021

Analysis of multiple marker genes using metabarcoding of environmental DNA (eDNA) can offer information greater than that from sequencing single marker genes, such as responses from across the phylogenetic tree to environmental gradients (Cordier et al. 2019). Furthermore, multiple regions of the same gene can be sequenced to improve phylogenetic resolution (Fuks et al. 2018). However, separate amplification reactions and library preparation steps for each marker can be costly and time consuming.

Here, we have designed and optimised a multiplex panel of four marker genes (two regions of 18S rRNA gene, one region of the 16S rRNA gene and one region of the rbcL gene). By combining steps into a single reaction, the labwork required is decreased, reducing cost and time. This multiplex is compared with a widely available commercial microbial (bacterial and fungal) screening panel and individual library preparations of each marker gene.
New kid on the block: Research of alpine-lake macroinvertebrates in the Tatra Mountains enhanced by DNA barcoding and metabarcoding
Authors: Vargovčík Ondrej , Čiamporová-Zaťovičová Zuzana , Čiampor Jr Fedor
Published: March 2021

State of ecosystems and biodiversity protection are becoming the key interests for modern society due to climate change and negative human impacts (Leese 2018). Environmental changes in freshwaters are indicated also by benthic communities, especially in sensitive ecosystems like alpine lakes (Fjellheim 2009). Moreover, remoteness and isolation of alpine lakes make them a source of biodiversity, which is worth conserving (Hamerlík 2014). A promising tool for efficient large-scale monitoring of aquatic communities is DNA metabarcoding (Leese 2018). In this study, we applied metabarcoding to analyse macrozoobenthos of 12 lakes in the Tatra Mountains, using benthic bulk samples and eDNA filtered from water (Fig. 1).

In compliance with recent publications, eDNA amplified with BF3/BR2 primers resulted in high percentage of non-invertebrate reads (Leese 2021). Based on in silico tests with the obtained sequences, we confirm that the recently developed EPTDr2n primer enables minimizing non-target amplification even with eDNA filtered from alpine-lake water (Elbrecht and Leese 2017). This ability is facilitated by 3’ end of the primer and we observed the two important mismatches in non-target sequences from our study (Leese 2021). Thus, our future analyses of eDNA (and bulk-sample fixative) will benefit from the new primer.

Concerning bulk samples, a wide range of invertebrate taxa was assigned to the OTUs and they showed good congruence with previous studies using morphological determination (e.g. Krno 2006). Certain differences with (and among) the previous records per lake were observed, which could suggest ecological changes, but at the moment the influence of sampling error cannot be excluded. In eDNA, several taxa were congruent with the previous records, but their amount and read abundance was considerably lower due to non-target amplification. Apart from that, filling gaps in barcoding databases remains one of our priorities, as identification to species or genus level was not yet possible for some invertebrate OTUs.

In addition, we subjected the NGS data to denoising and abundance-filtering in order to explore haplotype-level diversity (Andújar 2021). Although more comprehensive conclusions will be possible only after obtaining data from more lakes and years, already the two metabarcoding experiments presented here enabled us to efficiently detect within-species genetic diversity and identify a large variety of taxa, including groups that would otherwise be omitted or very challenging to identify. This underlines the potential of DNA methods to provide valuable ecological and biodiversity data across the tree of life for modern biomonitoring. This study was realized with support from VEGA 2/0030/17 and VEGA 2/0084/21.
Composition of diatom communities on travertine barriers of the Una River (Bosnia and Herzegovina) obtained by DNA metabarcoding and morphological analysis
Authors: Kamberović Jasmina , Gligora Udovič Marija , Kahlert Maria , Tapolczai Kálmán , Lukić Zorana , Ahmić Adisa , Dedić Anita , Kulaš Antonija , Kajan Katarina , Hanjalić Jasna , Lasić Lejla , Kalamujic Stroil Belma
Published: March 2021

The process of travertine formation and carbonate deposition in the rivers is unique, delicate, and depends on the activity of algae and mosses. Although diatoms have been used extensively in hydrobiological studies, the comparative analysis data on diatom communities of the travertine barriers in karstic rivers are still scarce.

The study aimed to detect the diatom composition on travertine barriers in the Una River, the large karstic river in Bosnia and Herzegovina. An integrated classical morphological identification approach with metabarcoding was applied on eight samples across the river length profile. Morphological analyses were performed using both light and scanning electron microscopes. Subsequent DNA metabarcoding of the chloroplastic gene 312bp rbcL was done. The DADA2 pipeline was used for the bioinformatic treatment of the demultiplexed MiSeq reads to infer Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs). ASVs were taxonomically assigned using the Diat.barcode v7 reference database.

A total of 126 species were identified using the morphological approach, while 133 ASVs were taxonomically assigned to 58 unique taxa with the molecular approach. Diatom community structures in terms of molecular and morphological approaches were congruent with 49 shared species. Species from genera Gomphonema, Navicula and Encyonema were less assigned in molecular analysis.

The most abundant taxa in the Una River are alkaliphilous, belonging to the genera Gomphonema, Nitzshia and Navicula. Although specific for their extremely good chemical status, the travertine barriers of the Una River are largely inhabited with meso-eutraphentic taxa.
The use of multiple markers and internal positive controls significantly improves species eDNA detection rates and data reliability
Authors: Brys Rein , Everts Teun , Halfmaerten David , Neyrinck Sabrina , Mauvisseau Quentin
Published: March 2021

In recent years, environmental DNA analyses became increasingly integrated to detect and monitor the presence and abundance of rare organisms, especially in inaccessible aquatic habitats. Although it is generally proven that detection probabilities of eDNA surveys exceed those obtained via conventional techniques, these molecular approaches are, however, also subjected to detection limitations and levels of uncertainty. Besides improvements that can be made in terms of sampling design, volumes of filtered water, and the effective quantity of DNA that is finally analysed, the sensitivity of eDNA surveys is inherently determined by the number of target eDNA copies suspended in the water column. Here we show that multiplexing different primer/probe assays for the same species, but targeting amplicons situated at different loci, is a surprisingly overlooked aspect that can substantially contribute to reduce these limitations and increase the sensitivity of single-species detections. By empirically testing a large number of natural eDNA samples via ddPCR, we reveal that the use of multiple markers can significantly lower the LOD and LOQ of rare and elusive species, such as the invasive American bullfrog and the endangered European weather loach in a variety of different water bodies, such as ponds, lakes, streams, canals, etc. Especially at very low eDNA concentrations of both target species, our results showed that analysing mulitple loci significantly increased detection probabilities and lowered stochasticity effects, and thus ultimately reduces PCR costs when analysed in multiplex. The validation and use of more than one assay taregtting a single species, may further increase the confidence of positive detections. Finally, we illustrate that the implementation of internal positive controls (IPC's), is an absolute must for accurate validation of eDNA workflows and reliable interpretation of the generated data. IPC’s not only help to track down degraded and inhibited samples, to avoid false-negative detections, it also offers insights into extraction efficiency, indispensable for accurate quantification of population densities. Overall, our findings provide strong support that the multiplexing of multiple markers on different loci in combination with the use of internal positive controls ensures increased detection rates at very low eDNA concentrations and generates more robust and reliable data.
There's always a better way: The application of eDNA to effectively assess biodiversity
Authors: Roy Prabir , Thiess Mary
Published: March 2021

Our ecosystem monitoring methodologies focus on data collection for reporting purposes that may not serve to identify the systematic causes of ecological change. Managers need precise and timely information at appropriate scales to build ecosystem resilience.

Traditional species detection methodologies offer little information when species abundance are low, especially in large water ecosystems such as the Great Lakes. Species not found during monitoring doesn’t necessarily mean that species are absent. Moreover, even if a change in the ecosystem is detected, it is often not possible to determine its cause at a spatiotemporal scale or a trophic cascade level. As a result, we often find ourselves being reactive in our mitigation measures. Before irreversible change occurs, we must be guided by a better understanding of the actual ecological landscape which Environmental DNA (eDNA) may help provide.

eDNA is a potential tool to effectively overcome traditional species survey limitations currently in use at many Parks Canada sites (Supplemental file 1). As various organisms interact with the environment, DNA is expelled and accumulates in their surroundings. Such samples can be analyzed by high-throughput DNA sequencing methods for rapid measurement and monitoring of biodiversity. Access to this genetic information makes a critical contribution to the understanding of population size, species distribution, and population dynamics for species not well documented. Despite the increasing use of eDNA in conservation practice, it requires further methodological improvement for greater influence on management decisions. The tool requires standardized protocols based on site-specific covariates and objectives.

We’re working to tackle the challenge with 2 objectives: (1) to combine traditional biomonitoring knowledge and metagenomics to further develop eDNA as a reliable sampling tool for Parks Canada and (2) to support site-specific monitoring objectives for species-at-risk, invasive species, aquatic species inventories, and/or culturally significant species. The overall goal is to increase our capacity to make more informed, timely, regionally-coordinated conservation decisions through the rapid and sensitive species detection methods offered by eDNA.
DNA barcodes for UK freshwater arthropod species: coverage, quality and implications
Authors: Davidson Liz
Published: March 2021

DNA-based identification methods have been shown to have high detection capability and reduced costs compared to traditional methods and can also enable the detection of species that might be missed using traditional methods (e.g. rare species, cryptic species, larval stages). The success of DNA-based identification is dependent on the ‘DNA barcodes’ of target species being present in a barcode reference database. In order to use DNA-based identification methods to assess and monitor UK freshwater arthropods for biodiversity and ecological quality assessments, it is vital that comprehensive reference databases are available. Incomplete reference databases result in many sequences derived from metabarcoding not being assigned to species.

Two current projects aim to create collections of high-quality sequences from expertly identified specimens of UK species. The Darwin Tree of Life project aims to sequence the genomes of all the eukaryotic species in Britain and Ireland and FreshBase aims to create a genomic reference collection for UK freshwater invertebrates. The Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) is one of the main reference databases for animal barcodes. Prioritising the sequencing of UK freshwater arthropod species that are not yet represented in BOLD, would enable more complete identification of UK freshwater biodiversity using metabarcoding and would enable the development of primers to target specific arthropod groups or species.

We analysed the coverage of UK freshwater arthropod species in BOLD. Our analyses show that coverage varies between taxonomic groups and large proportions of sequences in some orders are only represented by privately stored sequences in BOLD. Analyses of intra- and inter-specific variation in sequences stored in BOLD show that misidentifications or errors can reduce the barcode gap in some species which could cause difficulties in accurately identifying sequences derived from metabarcoding. Representation in BOLD by specimens from the UK is extremely low and analyses show that high geographic variation in sequences in some species could be important for accurate DNA-based identification of UK species. Our results have implications for prioritising the sequencing of UK freshwater arthropods and for the quality control of stored sequences in order to reduce the occurrence of misidentifications and errors that could impact the accuracy of DNA-based identification.
The use of eDNA and DNA metabarcoding in monitoring the ecological condition of Norwegian lakes
Authors: Atienza Casas Sara , Majaneva Markus , Jensen Thomas , Davey Marie , Fossøy Frode , Bækkelie Knut , Gjelland Karl Øystein , Schartau Ann , Ekrem Torbjørn
Published: March 2021

Biodiversity assessments using molecular identification of organisms through high-throughput sequencing techniques have been a game changer in ecosystem monitoring, providing increased taxonomic resolution, more objective identifications, potential cost reductions, and reduced processing times. The use of DNA metabarcoding of bulk samples and environmental DNA (eDNA) is now widespread but is not yet universally implemented in national monitoring programs. While bulk sample metabarcoding involves extraction of DNA from organisms in a sample, eDNA analysis involves obtaining DNA directly from environmental samples, which can include microorganisms, meiofauna-size taxa and macrofauna traces such as larval stages, skin and hair cells, gametes, faeces and free DNA bound to particles.

In Norway, freshwater biomonitoring in compliance with the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) is conducted on several administrative levels, including national monitoring programs for running water, small and large lakes. These programs typically focus on a fraction of the actual biodiversity present in the monitored habitats (Weigand 2019). DNA metabarcoding of both bulk samples and eDNA samples are relevant tools for future freshwater biomonitoring in Norway.

The aim of this PhD project is to develop assessment protocols based on DNA-metabarcoding and eDNA of benthic invertebrates, microcrustaceans and fish that can be used as standard biomonitoring tools to assess the ecological condition of lakes. The main topics addressed will be:

- Development of protocols throughout the eDNA-metabarcoding workflow (i.e. sampling, filtration, preservation, extraction, amplification and sequencing) suitable to execute biodiversity assessments and determine the ecological status of lakes.

- Comparison of the results obtained using molecular tools and traditional morphology-based approaches in order to assess the feasibility of such techniques to be incorporated as standard biomonitoring tools, such as the ones implemented under the provisions of the WFD.

- Evaluate the effect of improved taxonomic resolution from molecular techniques on determining the ecological status of lakes, both by broadening the number of taxa analyzed and by identifying more taxa to species level.

- Assess the feasibility of using eDNA extracted from water samples, taken at different depths and fish densities, to measure fish abundance/biomass as a proxy to calculate the ecological quality indices regulated in the WFD.

- Analyze the coverage and resolution provided by reference libraries for certain taxa, such as crustacea, in order to assess the reliability and precision of taxonomic assignments.
Developing DNA-Based Ecological Classifications for Shallow Streams in Northeastern United States
Authors: Watts Alison , Thomas Devin
Published: March 2021

Several regions in the Unites States have developed algal bioassessment methods for wadeable streams (e.g. Maine, Connecticut). Algal communities and indicator species are correlated with land use, water chemistry, and other watershed metrics to identify ecosystem indicators relevant to local conditions. Taxonomic analysis has historically been performed by microscopic examination and identification of species within a sample. A pilot survey was conducted to assess the use of DNA-based taxonomic methods in algal bioassesments of stream condition in New Hampshire and Maine in the northeastern United States. Algae samples were collected at 60 wadeable streams throughout the region in the summer of 2019. Samples were collected at sites included in long term water quality monitoring networks, to allow comparison with longer term water quality and bioassesment data. Samples were extracted and sequenced with primers targeting 18S for eukaryote species, rbcl for diatoms, and 12S for fish. Algal features were correlated with stream parameters including nutrient concentration, historic Benthic IBI indices, and other water quality metrics. Our results support previous studies indicating that molecular-based methods are a viable approach to water quality assessment. We found that:

DNA-derived algal communities can be correlated to nutrient categories, and indices developed from multiyear data are reflected in the community.

DNA-derived algal communities can be correlated to Benthic IBI ratios, and to traditional algal bioassesment categories.

18S and rbcl primers were both effective at amplifying target species to identify distinguishable community assemblages.

Fish were detected in water samples at all sites, and the species identified represent those that are likely to be present based on previous electro-fishing surveys.

DNA-derived algal communities can be correlated to nutrient categories, and indices developed from multiyear data are reflected in the community.

DNA-derived algal communities can be correlated to Benthic IBI ratios, and to traditional algal bioassesment categories.

18S and rbcl primers were both effective at amplifying target species to identify distinguishable community assemblages.

Fish were detected in water samples at all sites, and the species identified represent those that are likely to be present based on previous electro-fishing surveys.
DNA Barcoding approach reveals 17 exploited fish species, including an unrecognised species of the yellow-lined snapper complex
Authors: ABU BAKAR ADIBAH , Mohd Nor Siti
Published: March 2021

Management of wild fisheries resources requires accurate knowledge on which species are being routinely exploited, but it can be hard to identify fishes to species level, especially in speciose fish groups where colour patterns vary with age. Snappers of the genus Lutjanus represent one such group, where fishes can be hard to identify and as a result fisheries statistics fail to capture species-level taxonomic information. This study employs DNA barcoding approaches to identify adult and juvenile Lutjanus species harvested in Malaysian wild-capture fishery. We uncovered two divergent groups of bigeye snapper ('Lutjanus lutjanus') distributed on either side of the Malay Peninsula, displaying a biogeographical pattern similar to distributions observed for many co-occurring reef distributed fish groups. One of these bigeye snapper groups almost certainly represents an unrecognized species in need of taxonomic description. The study demonstrates the utility of DNA barcoding in identifying overlooked diversity and for assessing species catch composition in a complicated but economically important taxonomic group.
DNA barcode library revealed unknown diversity of chironomid midges in Montenegro
Authors: Gadawski Piotr , Rossaro Bruno , Giłka Wojciech , Rewicz Tomasz , Magoga Giulia , Hebert Paul , Montagna Matteo , Grabowski Michal
Published: March 2021

We present the first results of the study aiming to investigate the diversity of the non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) fauna of the Skadar Lake system (Montenegro and Albania), a well-known hotspot of freshwater biodiversity composed by the young lake Skadar (originated 1200 before present) and by its old system of springs (originated during Pliocene). During the study, 8,147 COI barcodes were obtained and revealed the presence of 474 BINs and 586 OTUs assigned to 148 species. Our results provide the first insight into the factual molecular diversity among chironomids inhabiting Skadar Lake basin and fill a significant gap in the knowledge of the biodiversity in the Balkan region. With 219 (46.2%) unique BINs from the Skadar Lake basin new for BOLD, we can expect that further development of barcode reference libraries will help to bind unidentified developmental stages with those identified based on morphology and will reveal hidden Chironomidae species diversity. Further studies should be focused on sampling developmental stages which provides the best species-level resolution, such as mature males. It will help to develop a reliable reference barcode library - fundamental during further assessments.
Professeur-documentaliste
Authors: Maria Marteleto Régina
Published: March 2021

Le chapitre commence par la présentation des axes de recherche sur l’éducation à l’information au Brésil. Ensuite, on traite des principes théoriques et conceptuels d’une anthropologie de l’information. Les concepts d’information et de document, d’espace documentaire et de « métier-profession-travail » sont élus afin d’approfondir le dialogue avec les principales problématiques posées par l’ouvrage. Finalement, sur le plan épistémologique et disciplinaire de la constitution des sciences de l’information, on projette quelques possibilités de construction d’une tiercéité du métier, des savoirs et de l’espace documentaire scolaire.
Transitions vers l'agriculture biologique
Authors: Bellon Stéphane , Lamine Claire
Published: March 2021

Ce chapitre propose une mise en perspective historique montrant que la bio a fortement évolué, tant de manière interne que dans ses rapports à la société. Il apporte des éléments de compréhension de la situation actuelle de l’AB dans notre pays et introduit l’analyse des transitions à l’AB, traitées pour les principaux systèmes de production dans les chapitres suivants.
Conseiller en agriculture
Authors: Mundler Patrick , Brun Virginie
Published: March 2021

Comment l’activité de conseil est-elle perçue par les agents eux-mêmes ? Ce chapitre essaie d’apporter une réponse en l’analysant sous plusieurs registres, celui du métier et des compétences requises, du rapport à la clientèle et de son évolution vers un modèle marchand, celui de la demande de conseil, et enfin celui de l’articulation entre fonctions économiques et sociales de la relation de conseil.
Valeur(s) & management
Authors: Toulemonde Clément
Published: March 2021

La Discipline Interactifs ® 1 a été conçue et développée par Philippe de Lapoyade et ses collaborateurs, en s’appuyant sur l’observation de professionnels qui : • produisent plus de résultats ; • en dépensant moins d’énergie ; • en produisant plus d’estime et de confiance chez leurs interlocuteurs. Cette pratique développe et professionnalise le talent relationnel et constitue de ce fait un axe de valeur facilement accessible au moindre coût. Elle induit de surcroît, des relations plus respectueuses de nos désirs et de nos valeurs en termes de relation. Relation (nom féminin) : • Selon la Discipline Interactifs ®  : ce qu’il se passe d’observable dans l’interaction entre 2 ou plusieurs personnes (dont au moins un poursuit un objectif) et en particulier les propos qu’ils échangent. La relation peut prendre une multitude de formes telles que orale ou écrite, physique ou électronique, interne ou externe. Tous les types de relations ont en commun d’avoir explicitement ou pas un résultat à atteindre : obtenir un engagement de faire, une ressource, une coopération, un accord, etc. Respect (nom masculin) : • Traiter d’égal à égal en étant conforme à ses propres désirs et ses valeurs. Ceci implique « une forme de politesse débarrassée des hypocrisies et des visées ségrégationnistes de la politesse classique ». 2 Discipline Interactifs ® (nom féminin) : • Sens 1 : philosophie, et ensemble de règles de conduite et de postures qui en découlent, que l’on s’impose dans l’interaction avec l’autre, et qui génèrent dans un même mouvement : – un résultat concret immédiat ; – le socle d’estime et confiance entre les personnes interagissant, pour que cette production puisse se reproduire dans le temps. • Sens 2 : méthode d’instruction et d’éducation consistant à transmettre la capacité à appliquer cette manière d’échanger et les règles qui en découlent.
Vivre avec une maladie neuro-évolutive
Authors: Gargiulo Marcela
Published: March 2021

Mon expérience de psychologue clinicienne à l’hôpital auprès de personnes porteuses des marques, des stigmates, des traces d’une maladie neurologique, d’un handicap, mais aussi d’une souffrance psychique gravée en elles mais invisible à l’oeil nu, m’a permis de constater combien le repli sur soi, l’enfermement, voire l’auto-exclusion sont des mécanismes révélateurs d’un effort du sujet pour maintenir une image et une estime de soi à l’abri du regard d’autrui parfois perçu comme destructeur, blessant, étranger à l’image que la personne peut se faire d’elle-même.
Vivre avec une maladie neuro-évolutive
Authors: Noël Jean-Luc
Published: March 2021

Proposons aux malades des espaces spécifiques pour qu’ils puissent y vivre le temps de leur maladie, qu’ils puissent l’intégrer avec ses conséquences dans leur histoire et leur devenir. Ces espaces doivent être des espaces de parole (les groupes de parole sont très efficaces), d’information et d’orientation. Mais il existe peu d’endroits où l’on puisse cheminer et il s’agit de les développer afin d’offrir aux malades la possibilité de continuer à prendre des décisions pour eux-mêmes, le plus longtemps possible et dans une qualité de vie préservée.
Vivre avec une maladie neuro-évolutive
Authors: Gérardin Pascale
Published: March 2021

Il nous revient donc d’élaborer toujours, de contribuer à la recherche et surtout de réfléchir aux thérapeutiques les plus adaptées à la personne et à la singularité de l’expression de sa maladie, tout au long de son évolutivité, dans un souci de l’autre. L’écoute peut permettre à la personne de tendre à un positionnement psychique plus opérant que destructeur et cela, par l’étayage créé avec le récit du patient.
Vivre avec une maladie neuro-évolutive
Authors: Quignard Élisabeth
Published: March 2021

S’agissant d’une maladie neuro-évolutive, la fin de vie s’annonce progressivement après une phase de majoration des incapacités et des handicaps, aboutissant fréquemment à un certain degré de dépendance physique voire à une grabatisation, à des troubles importants de la communication, et à une diminution majeure de l’autonomie de la personne. Le stade terminal est souvent difficile à déterminer, et il convient tout particulièrement d’anticiper la réflexion sur la fin de vie de ces patients lorsqu’ils sont en capacité de s’exprimer et de consentir on non à tel type de traitement éventuellement proposé en fonction de l’avancée dans la maladie.
Vivre avec une maladie neuro-évolutive
Authors: Ouédraogo Didier
Published: March 2021

Toute réflexion sur une maladie tient à son contexte d’apparition, à un horizon historique et social. Elle s’élucide à travers une trajectoire de vie, à travers des réponses proposées, un sens recherché pour/par le malade et la société dans laquelle il évolue. La chronicité, induisant une certaine idée de l’irréversibilité, est tributaire de notre conception linéaire du temps et de son inscription au sein des personnes. Une perspective cyclique du temps, un rapport au temps initial proposent de porter un autre regard sur l’épuisement des énergies en nous.
Neuropsychologie du bégaiement
Authors: Piérart Bernadette
Published: March 2021

Les symptômes du bégaiement habituellement décrits comme spécifiques dans la littérature scientifique sont les répétitions spasmodiques, les allongements de certaines consonnes et voyelles et les blocages des articulateurs. Ce chapitre les décrit et les situe dans un cadre plus large, comprenant les symptômes objectifs à tous les étages de la production de la parole, les tentatives de contrôle des symptômes par la personne qui bégaie et son vécu psychologique.
Neuropsychologie du bégaiement
Authors: Nespoulous Jean-Luc
Published: March 2021

Ce chapitre rappelle les notions de base de l’anatomie cérébrale, dont il sera discuté à plusieurs endroits dans cet ouvrage, principalement dans les chapitres 5 à 10. La classification de Brodmann est présentée brièvement, de manière à aider le lecteur à identifier les aires cérébrales dont il sera question plus loin, notamment dans le chapitre 5.
Neuropsychologie du bégaiement
Authors: Monfrais-Pfauwadel Marie-Claude
Published: March 2021

Des traitements médicamenteux contre certains aspects du bégaiement existent et peuvent faire l’objet d’une prescription et d’un suivi médical. Les différentes familles de molécules sont présentées ainsi que leurs indications et leurs effets secondaires. Les développements actuels des connaissances sur les aspects neurologiques des bégaiements laissent augurer un accroissement probable de ces prescriptions qui ne dispensent pas cependant d’une prise en charge orthophonique spécialisée.
Neuropsychologie du bégaiement
Authors: Negraoui Nada , Bourguignon David , Demoulin Stéphanie
Published: March 2021

Le bégaiement est un stigmate social. En ce sens, les PQB sont associées à des stéréotypes négatifs et subissent des expériences de rejet et d’exclusion dans la société. Ces éléments conduisent les personnes souffrant de bégaiement à développer des identités sociales négatives et à internaliser le stigmate dans leur auto-conception. Le stigmate lié au bégaiement est particulier : il est partiellement invisible et difficilement contrôlable. Les conséquences du stigmate pour les PQB sont nombreuses, mais différents moyens peuvent être envisagés pour y faire face, dont notamment le soutien collectif, le contact intergroupe et les politiques de diversité.
Les grandes décisions de l’histoire de France
Authors: Lacombe Clément
Published: March 2021

« L’idée appelée socialisme est morte », écrit le Wall Street Journal après le tournant de la rigueur annoncé par François Mitterrand en mars 1983. Pierre Mauroy, lui, est bien vivant, malgré une bataille longue de plus d’un an qu’il a dû mener, avec le soutien indéfectible de Jacques Delors, contre le président de la République qui, sourd à ses appels à la prudence, lançait à l’un de ses ministres : « Quand même, la France n’est pas à 100 milliards de francs près ! » Si Mitterrand, Fabius, Bérégovoy et quelques autres « visiteurs du soir » avaient imposé leurs vues, la France serait sortie du système monétaire européen, l’ancêtre de l’euro. Depuis les premiers conseils murmurés à l’oreille de Mitterrand pour freiner la fuite en avant jusqu’aux rapports secrets qui divisèrent en coulisses le gouvernement, voici le verbatim très bien documenté d’une passionnante révolution de velours .
Le bébé et les interactions précoces
Authors: Main Mary
Published: March 2021

Discours, prédictions et études récentes sur l’attachement : implications pour la psychanalyse L’étude de l’organisation de l’attachement humain est fondée sur le travail de John Bowlby et Mary Ainsworth et aborde entre autres thèmes le rôle du traumatisme précoce (Bowlby) et des schémas d’interaction précoce parent-enfant (Ainsworth ) dans le développement de l’angoisse et des processus de défense. On a constaté que les réponses de comportement du bébé par rapport aux séparations et retrouvailles du parent dans la Situation étrange d’Ainsworth correspondent à des schémas d’interaction bébé-mère, ce qui permet de classer la relation bébé-mère comme sécurisée, évitante, ambivalente, ou désorganisée  ! désorientée. On a constaté récemment qu’il était possible de prédire le discours, les représentations et les fantasmes d’enfants de six ans en fonction de ces quatre catégories d’attachement à la mère. De plus, on a élaboré un entretien sur l’attachement adulte au cours duquel on demande aux personnes interrogées de décrire et de juger des relations et des expériences de leur petite enfance. Les transcriptions des entretiens sont classées selon les caractéristiques de discours de la transcription, plutôt que sur la base de l’histoire apparente de la personne interrogée. On a identifié quatre « états d’esprit par rapport à l’attachement  » et constate que chacun d’entre eux permettait de prédire dans des échantillons bébé-parent la réponse du bébé au parent en Situation étrange. Plus étonnant : les parents témoignant d’une logique cohérente et plausible dans la description et l’évaluation de leur propre histoire d’attachement  —  favorable ou défavorable  –  ont des enfants dont la réponse à leur parent en Situation étrange est jugée comme sécurisée. Les résultats de ces études sont examinés en fonction de leurs implications sur la controverse entre herméneutique et constructivisme en psychanalyse.
Le bébé et les interactions précoces
Authors: Golse Bernard
Published: March 2021

Attachement, modèles opérants internes et métapsychologie ou comment ne pas jeter l’eau du bain avec le bébé ? A partir de l’œuvre de Bowlby sur la théorie de l’attachement, l’auteur tente de faire des liens entre cette théorie et la psychanalyse en envisageant successivement trois axes différents : attachement et sexualité, attachement et transmission transgénérationnelle, attachement et représentation mentale.
La première année de la vie
Authors: Dinsmore Salter Ainsworth Mary
Published: March 2021

L’étude du processus d’attachement a progressé au cours des dernières années grâce à l’approche différentielle. On présente ici le bilan des recherches : celles de Ainsworth essentiellement, mais confrontées à celles d’autres chercheurs. La démarche de l’auteur a consisté à partir d’une expérimentation rigoureuse (strange situation) dont les résultats l’ont ensuite guidée dans l’observation en milieu familial. L’analyse factorielle des données recueillies dégage plusieurs dimensions dont la principale se définit par les deux pôles de sécurité et d’anxiété. Les bébés, âgés d’un an au terme de l’étude longitudinale, se classent alors, selon leur position sur les axes factoriels, en plusieurs groupes, dont les trois principaux désignés comme A, B et C sont ici décrits. L’auteur s’emploie à expliquer le style socio-émotionnel de l’enfant, la modalité de son attachement (plus ou moins assuré, secure, plus ou moins anxieux) en fonction du comportement de la mère au cours de la première année de la vie, et de l’interaction mère-enfant. Un résultat majeur se dégage : les mères non-réactives aux signaux du bébé, et rejetantes, ont toutes (à l’exclusion des autres mères) des enfants à attachement anxieux avec manifestations contradictoires de recherche de contact et d’évitement. L’auteur passe ensuite en revue plusieurs questions : les principaux contextes d’interaction mère-enfant (face à face, contact corporel étroit notamment), les réactions du bébé à la séparation selon qu’elle est brève (quelques minutes) ou longue, le fait des attachements multiples. Elles examine enfin les implications pratiques de nos connaissances actuelles (éducation des parents, interventions d’ordre clinique pour remédier aux déficits de l’interaction mère-enfant, palliatifs de la perte de la mère) et pour terminer elle pose le problème du double besoin de sécurité et d’exploration dans le processus d’émancipation graduelle de l’enfant.