bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1980 SONRASI TÜRKİYE’DE UYGULANAN TEKNOLOJİ POLİTİKALARI VE TÜRKİYE AÇISINDAN TEKNOLOJİK GELİŞME GÖSTERGELERİ
Authors: TEMİZ DİNÇ Dilek
Published: June 2020

Günümüzde sürdürülebilir bir büyüme ve kalkınma için iyi planlanmış ve uygulanmış bilim ve teknoloji politikalarına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Özellikle 1980 sonrasında dışa açılmayla birlikte teknolojik gelişmelere daha fazla önem verilmeye başlanmasından dolayı, bu çalışmada ilk olarak 1980 sonrası Türkiye’de uygulanan teknoloji politikaları beş yıllık kalkınma planları çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bilim ve teknoloji politikaları bir girdi olarak kabul edilirse, teknolojik gelişme göstergeleri bir çıktı olarak kabul edilebilir. Bu bakımdan çalışmanın ikinci kısmında, Türkiye için teknolojik gelişme göstergeleri bağlamında genel bir değerlendirme yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmadan, Türkiye’nin diğer dünya ülkeleriyle rekabet gücünü artırması yolunda, üniversite-sanayi işbirliklerine daha çok önem vermesi, Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıladan (GSYH) Ar-Ge faaliyetlerine daha çok pay ayırması, Ar-Ge araştırmacı sayısını arttırması, patent sayılarını arttırabilmek için bu konudaki teşvik uygulamalarının yeniden ele alınması ve bütün bunlar içinde öncelikle kurumsallaşmış, gelişmelere ve değişmelere hızla uyum sağlayabilecek bilim ve teknoloji politikalarının oluşturulması ve hayata geçirilmesi gerekliliği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
SEÇİLMİŞ OECD ÜLKELERİNDE ÇEVRE VERGİLERİNİN ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: YAPISAL KIRILMALI NEDENSELLİK TESTİNDEN KANITLAR
Authors: AYDIN Mücahit
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada seçilmiş OECD ülkeleri için 1995-2016 döneminde çevre vergisi gelirlerinin çevre kirliliği üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada çevre kirliliğini temsilen son zamanlarda kullanılmaya başlanan ekolojik ayak izi değişkeni kullanılmıştır. Ampirik analizin ilk bölümünde değişkenlerin durağanlık dereceleri Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) ve Fourier ADF olmak üzere iki farklı birim kök testi ile incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde, nedensellik sonuçlarını karşılaştırmak için geleneksel nedensellik testlerinden Granger, Sims ve Geweke nedensellik testleri ve yumuşak yapısal kırılmalı yeni Fourier Granger nedensellik testi uygulanmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre Hollanda ve İtalya için çevre vergisi gelirlerinden ekolojik ayak izine doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik tespit edilmiştir. Portekiz için ise nedenselliğin yönü ekolojik ayak izinden çevre vergisi gelirlerine doğrudur. Diğer taraftan, İngiltere için değişkenler arasında çift yönlü nedensellik tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarının çevre kirliliği ve çevre vergisi politikalarının belirlenmesinde politika yapıcılara yol gösterici olması beklenmektedir.
THE LONGSTANDING DISPUTE BETWEEN TURKEY AND GREECE: THE AEGEAN ISSUE
Authors: KALKAN Erol
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper is to investigate Turkey’s longstanding problematic relations with Greece regarding the Aegean dispute and the impact from this dispute on the EU-Turkey relations and vice-versa. İt argues that, first, the Aegean Sea issue is one of the main problems between Greece and Turkey as well as the European Union (EU) and Turkey. Due to the increasing debates over the sources and statues of Aegean Sea and East Mediterranean, the struggle between the Turks and Greeks to establish and extend their zones of jurisdiction over the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas maintain to be a fundamental issue between Greece and Turkey and the EU and Turkey. Second, the problematic relationship between the EU and Turkey prevents the EU from having a positive impact on the Turkish-Greek conflict as well as Turkey’s policy toward the Aegean issue. The quality and peace of EU-Turkey relations are and will be, therefore, determinant in the solution of this longstanding dispute between sides as well as the transformation of Turkey’s policy toward the Aegean issue.
TÜRKİYE’DE SAĞLIĞIN EKONOMİK BÜYÜMEYE ETKİSİ: 81 İL DÜZEYİNDE PANEL GMM KANITLARI
Authors: ÇEŞTEPE Hamza , YILDIRIM Ertuğrul , YILDIZ Hakan
Published: June 2020

Beşeri sermaye faktörlerinden sağlık, ekonomik büyümeye etki eden bir unsur olarak ifade edilmektedir. Sağlık düzeyindeki gelişimin; nüfus, eğitim, işgücü verimliliği, yaşam süresi ve yaşam kalitesinin artmasıyla, gelecekte ortaya çıkabilecek hastalıkları önleyerek ekonomik istikrar ve büyüme üzerinde belirleyici bir etkisi ortaya çıkabilir. Yapılan araştırmalarda çoğunlukla sağlık ile ekonomik büyüme arasında çift yönlü ilişki tespit edilmesine rağmen, bazı çalışmalar bir ilişki olmadığı sonucuna da ulaşmaktadır. Çelişkili bulguların nedeni, çalışmalarda ülkeler arasındaki sağlık politikası farklarının göz ardı edilmesi olabilir. Literatürdeki diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak bu çalışma, aynı sağlık politikası uygulanan bir ülkenin bütün illeri örneğinde sağlığın ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini panel veri analiz yöntemi ile araştırmaktadır. Bu amaçla Türkiye’nin bütün illerini kapsayan 2007-2017 dönemindeki gayri safi yurtiçi hâsıla, bebek ölüm hızı, hastane yatak sayısı, kamu yatırımları, ithalat, ihracat, lise mezunu ve lisans mezunu kişi sayısı değişkenlerini içeren model, sistem GMM analiziyle tahmin edilmiştir. Ulaşılan bulgulara göre, eğitim değişkenleri sağlık değişkenlerine göre ekonomik büyümeye daha fazla katkı sunmakla birlikte, sağlığın eğitim ve ekonomik büyüme için bir ön koşul olduğu gerçeği göz ardı edilmemelidir.
The concept of control in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Development of the criteria and validation for use in clinical practice
Authors: Miravitlles M. , Alcázar B. , Soler-Cataluña J. J.
Published: June 2020

Guidelines of treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) identify symptom reduction and prevention of exacerbations as the main goals of therapy. Initial pharmacological treatment must be guided by these parameters, and effectiveness must be assessed at each clinical visit. However, there is no clear guidance as to how this assessment must be performed. The concept of control has been well developed in asthma, but it has been elusive in COPD. Patients with COPD may not be completely free from symptoms or exacerbations even under optimized therapy; therefore, control in COPD does not mean cure or absence of symptoms, but rather reaching the best clinical status possible according to the level of disease severity. A control tool has been developed based on a cross sectional evaluation of the impact of the disease and a longitudinal evaluation of stability. Low impact is a disease status defined by at least 3 of the following: low levels of dyspnoea, absence of or white sputum, low use of rescue medication and self-declared walking time of more than 30 minutes a day, and stability is the absence of moderate or severe exacerbations in the previous 3 months. Control can also be defined by COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores ≤ 10 units for patients with FEV1 ≥ 50% and 16 for patients with FEV1 < 50% and stability as a change in CAT ≤ 2 units. Control of COPD is then defined as a status of low impact and stability. The control tool has been validated prospectively in several studies and has demonstrated to be sensitive to clinical changes and to have a good predictive value for poor outcomes. Clinical criteria are more reliable than CAT scores for the evaluation of control. The control tool is a quick and inexpensive method to evaluate clinical status and future risk of exacerbations that can be used at all levels of healthcare.
Practical guidance for oxygen treatment and respiratory support of patients with COVID-19 infection before admission to intensive care unit
Authors: Avdeev S. N. , Tsareva N. N. , Merzhoeva Z. M. , Trushenko N. V. , Yaroshetskiy A. I.
Published: June 2020

Acute Respiratory failure (ARF) is the leading cause of death in patients with severe COVID-19, who have been admitted to the hospital. Tradition - ally, it has been believed that with severe pneumonia complicated by ARF, survival can improve with the use of early intubation and artificial lung ventilation (ALV) in patients. However, according to recently published studies, COVID-19 has a very high death rate among patients receiving ALV. In case of early (pre-life support) start of oxygen therapy and respiratory support in patients with COVID-19 the need for transfer to the intensive care unit, tracheal intubation and ALV decreases, and therefore the prognosis improves. This article presents practical guidelines for oxygen therapy and respiratory support at the pre-life support in patients with COVID-19 infection complicated by ARF.
Comparative analysis of tocilizumab in severe COVID-19-associated pneumonia in patients of different age groups
Authors: Fomina D. S. , Poteshkina N. G. , Beloglazova I. P. , Mutovina Z. Yu. , Samsonova I. V. , Kovalevskaya E. A. , Zagrebneva A. I. , Frolova N. F. , Krlikova D. S. , Kruglova T. S. , Bobrikova E. N. , Serdotetskova S. A. , Manchenko O. V. , Markova T. N. , Chernov A. A. , Lysenko M. A.
Published: June 2020

According to accumulated clinical data, one of the causes of severe damage to lung epithelial cells associated with SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) is an acute, timely underestimated "cytokine storm" (cytokine cascade, hypercytokinaemia) with characteristic signs of an expressed hyper-inflammatory syndrome with subsequent polyorganic failure. The study presents the results of the analysis of the effectiveness of tocilizumab therapy (TCZ) in patients (n = 181) of different age groups with developed pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TCZ therapy in patients of different age groups with developed pneumonia in the frame of COVID-19. Methods. Patients (n = 181) with community-acquired pneumonia caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 are included in a one-center, non-randomized, prospective study to evaluate the effectiveness of TCZ therapy conducted at the State Public Health Institution "City Clinical Hospital No.52" of the Moscow City Health Department. Patients were divided into 3 age subgroups – up to 50 years, 50–70 years and over 70 years. Patients with community-acquired SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia receiving non-invasive oxygen support and patients who had artificial lung ventilation (ALV) were given a single dose of 400 mg of TCZ in addition to basic therapy. Results. There are no significant differences between age groups in the severity of pneumonia according to the data of the computed tomography (CT), however, a more severe condition and a higher mortality rate (p < 0.001) were reliably observed in patients over 70 age compared to the other age groups. After TCZ treatment in patients of each age group, the severity of the condition assessed on the National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) has been significantly reduced compared to the baseline. Conclusion. According to the data of the pilot study the efficacy and safety of TCZ in patients of all presented age groups with COVID-associated pulmonary tissue lesion and signs of "cytokine storm" was demonstrated. At the same time, patients up to 50 years after the therapy of TCZ managed to achieve greater clinical efficiency compared to patients in other groups. According to the severity of the state and laboratory criteria, the lowest clinical efficacy of TCZ therapy was observed in patients over 70 years of age; as a consequence, the highest mortality rate was observed in the same group. At the same time, the TCZ therapy has not had a positive impact on the change of laboratory values and the severity of the disease in case of unfavorable outcome.
Ventilation disorders and arterial stiffness indicators in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Punin D. A. , Milyagin V. A. , Kovaleva O. A.
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study was to identify the correlation between ventilation disorders of the lungs and the development of arterial stiffness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods. The following parameters were evaluated in the patients (n = 61) enrolled in the study: spirometry, bodyplethysmography, cardiac-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and an ancho-brachial vascular index. Additionally, the pulse wave propagation velocity was calculated in the area from the ostium of the aorta to the infragenicular arteries.

Results. According to the study results, a direct correlation, characterized by moderate to noticeable strength, was found between the parameters of pulmonary ventilation (bronchial resistance, intrathoracic gas volume, residual lung volume (RLV), total lung capacity (TLC), RLV/TLC) and the CAVI parameter, characterizing vascular stiffness on the section from the aorta ostium to the infragenicular arteries. It was shown that the best method for assessing changes in blood vessels is CAVI, which is independent of the level of blood pressure at the moment of the study.

Conclusion. It has been established that if there is a correlation between impaired ventilation and arterial stiffness, the systemic nature of the lesion in COPD is confirmed, which explains the high incidence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with COPD.
Nitrogen leaching in multiple breathing and structural changes in the bronchopulmonary system in adult patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Chernyak A. V. , Neklyudova G. V. , Krasovskiy S. A. , Mikhaylichenko K. Yu. , Naumenko Zh. K. , Polivanov G. E.
Published: June 2020

The aim of this work was to assess the functional and structural disorders of the bronchopulmonary system detected by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and to determine the correlation between them.

Methods. A cross-sectional study included patients with CF (n = 54: 20 male and 34 female; median age 25 years) and healthy volunteers (n = 32: 12 male, 20 female; median age 25 years). A complex study of the pulmonary function test (PFT) was carried out; it included spirometry, bodyplethysmography and measurement of the diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), nitrogen leaching in multiple respiration (NLMR) and HRCT. Dyspnea was assessed using the Modified Research Council Scale (mMRC). NLMR measurements were performed using the Easy-One Pro module, MBW (NDD Medizintechnik AG, Switzerland). Analysis of HRCT data according to the Bhalla classification was performed by two independent, experienced radiologists.

Results. The mean value (± SD) of the forced expiratory volume for 1 second (FEV1) was 63 ± 26% of the proper value, forced vital capacity of the lungs (FVC) was 86 ± 20% of the proper value, the ratio of FEV1/FVC was 61 ± 15%; residual lung volume (RLV) was 220 ± 71% of the proper value, the ratio of RLV/ total lung capacity (TLC) was 48 ± 13%, intrathoracic gas volume was 150 ± 33% of the proper value, DLCO was 80 ± 16% of the proper value, lung clearance index (LCI) was 16.9 ± 5.0; moment ratio (MR2) was 54.7 ± 34.1. Bronchoectases with predominant lesions of > 9 segments and bronchial lesions from V generation and more distal were found in all patients. Peribronchial infiltration and mucoid plugs were also diagnosed in almost all patients (94 and 96%, respectively), while bronchogenic cysts or abscesses, atelectasis/consolidation, bullae or emphysema were rarely detected (in 30, 35, 20, and 17% of cases, respectively). The parameters of NLMR were statistically significantly correlated with both the PFT parameters and the HRTC data.

Conclusion. In adult patients with CF, there is a significant unevenness of pulmonary ventilation, progressing as structural damage to the bronchopulmonary system increases and the PFT worsens. With a statistically significant increase in MR, the involvement of not only the central, but also peripheral airways in the pathological process is emphasized. It has been established that in adult CF patients there is a strong correlation between LCI and the severity of structural changes, detected by HRCT, comparable in strength and significance to FEV1.
Clinical and functional features of the course of respiratory sarcoidosis in real practice
Authors: Kalacheva T. P. , Fedosenko S. V. , Denisova O. A. , Chernyavskaya G. M. , Poponina T. M. , Naumov A. O. , Palchikova I. A. , Dudko G. V. , Karnaushkina M. A.
Published: June 2020

As a rule, heart damage in patients with sarcoidosis of respiratory organs (SOD) is not diagnosed in time, so a very important and urgent task is to identify common heart rhythm and conduction disorders.

The aim of the studywas to investigate the main clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis in SOD, depending on the peculiarities of the disease course and to compare the frequency and severity of pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations of sarcoidosis, including myocardial lesions and electrocardiographic (ECG) signs of heart rhythm disorders.

Methods. In the period 2006– 2016, the pilot open prospective uncontrolled study conducted at the Pulmonology Department of the Regional State Autonomous Healthcare Institution "Tomsk Regional Clinical Hospital" included patients (n = 84) aged 20–67 years with the diagnosis of SOD. Patients were divided into 2 clinical groups: the 1st comprised 45 (53.5%) patients with a favorable course of sarcoidosis, the second one included 39 (46.4%) patients with an unfavorable course of the disease. A full range of studies was carried out, including the analysis of medical history and clinical and epidemiological data, instrumental methods (including ECG and Holter ECG monitoring (HM), pathomorphological study of lung biopsy samples.

Results. According to the data of frequency analysis of occurrence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical manifestations in ODS, it was shown that the leading clinical manifestations, most frequently occurring in patients of both groups, included asthenia syndrome (72.6%), bronchial syndrome (66.7%) and fever syndrome (33%). In 33% of cases, clinical manifestations of myocardial damage were detected. In 41 (51.2%) patients in both groups, changes on ECG were recorded at rest. Regardless of the course of the disease, in 23.5% of patients of both clinical groups, according to the results of the HM ECG, rhythm and conduction disturbances were found – a combination of ventricular arrhythmias and conduction disorders (ventricular extrasystole and right His bundle branch block of various degrees) and a combination of supraventricular arrhythmias and conduction disturbances (supraventricular extrasystole and right His bundle branch block of various degrees).

Conclusion. Thus, regardless of the severity of the disease course, SOD patients are concerned about complaints from both respiratory system and extrapulmonary manifestations, including cardiac complaints, as well as heart rhythm and conduction disorders (according to the results of ECG and HM ECG), the frequency of which, according to the comparative analysis, has not significantly changed in both clinical groups, which indicates the non-specific character of clinical manifestations.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of methotrexate in progressive sarcoidosis: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Vizel’ A. A. , Vizel’ I. Yu. , Shakirova G. R.
Published: June 2020

Sarcoidosis is epithelioid cell granulomatosis of unknown etiology. All the schemes of its treatment are of a recommendatory nature. Methotrexate (MTT) is considered a second-line drug in the treatment of sarcoidosis.

Methods. A retrospective observational study of patients with progressive sarcoidosis (n = 104), treated with MTT once a week, was carried out. Clinical, laboratory, functional and radiation parameters were evaluated with an interval of 3 months ≤ 1 year.

Results. The use of MTT was accompanied by an improvement in the radiation picture (64.1% by the end of the year), an improvement not only in spirometry parameters, starting from the 3rd month (54.7%), but also in the general condition of the patients (63.8% – at the 6th month). Adverse reactions with drug withdrawal were most often observed (15.4%) during the first 3 months, and subsequently their frequency decreased.

Conclusion. According to the results of the study, it was shown that methotrexate can be recommended for further use in progressive sarcoidosis, as well as in patients, who have previously received systemic glucocorticosteroids.
Dynamics of resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains to antibacterial drugs for the period 2015–2019 in Samara: opportunities for overcoming
Authors: Sobina S. S. , Zolotov M. O. , Lyamin A. V. , Ismatullin D. D. , Zhestkov A. V.
Published: June 2020

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are one of the most dangerous diseases, that can be completely prevented by vaccination. Studies conducted in various regions of the Russian Federation and other countries have revealed certain features in the prevalence of pneumococcus strains, resistant to different antibacterial drugs, which requires local studies among patients of different age groups.

The aim of the study was to determine the level of sensitivity of S. pneumoniae, isolated from adult patients, to antibacterial drugs (ABD) and the dynamics of resistance to ABD in Samara for the period of 2015–2019.

Methods. A retrospective analysis of data from the microbiological department of clinical diagnostic laboratories of the Clinics of Samara State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia for 2015–2019 was carried out. The microorganism resistance to several groups of ABD was studied – macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithro mycin), cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime), fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin) and penicillin. The sensitivity was determined by the disk diffusion method. Statistical processing was performed using the SPSS Statistic 22.0 program. When comparing groups, the χ2 criterion was used; to compare small groups (n < 5), the exact Fisher test was used.

Results. Since 2017, there has been a tendency to increase the frequency of pneumococcus isolation in the carrier group. At the same time, a 3-fold decrease in S. pneumoniae excretion from patients with ENT pathology occurred. The highest sensitivity was detected for cephalosporins – 100% sensitivity of all S. pneumoniae strains, detected from ENT organs and during carriage. There is a low level of pneumococcus resistance to levofloxacin. The general sensitivity to ABD from penicillin group is 96.4–98.8%, while the most common resistant strains were found in patients with respiratory tract damage. The highest resistance of S. pneumoniae was revealed to ABD from the macrolide group with a tendency to increase from 4.6% in 2016 to 14.0% in 2019.

Conclusion. According to the study results, a rather low level of resistance of S. pneumoniae to most ABD groups, with the exception of macrolides, was demonstrated in Samara. The greatest number of ABD-insensitive pathogens was isolated in patients with pathology of the bronchopulmonary system. A mandatory microbiological examination of the sputum of such patients is necessary with a determination of the sensitivity of the isolated microorganisms to ABD and subsequent correction of therapy upon the identification of resistant strains. Given the increasing resistance of S. pneumoniae in carriers, it is necessary to vaccinate patients in this group.
Practical recommendations for choosing an immunobiological preparation for the treatment of severe bronchial asthma of T2-endotype
Authors: Nenasheva N. M. , Kurbacheva O. M. , Avdeev S. N. , Fedosenko S. V. , Emel’yanov A. V. , Belevskiy A. S. , Il'ina N. I. , Knyazheskaya N. P. , Zyryanov S. K. , Ignatova G. L. , Demko I. V. , Shul'zhenko L. V. , Leshchenko I. V. , Fassakhov R. S. , Chernyak B. A. , Nedashkovskaya N. G. , Bobrikova E. N. , Demina D. V.
Published: June 2020

Biological therapy of bronchial asthma (BA) is a modern method of treating severe forms of the disease, that are uncontrolled by traditional pharmacotherapeutic approaches. Currently, 5 monoclonal antibody (AT) preparations are registered in the world for the treatment of severe bronchial asthma (SBA) of the T2 endotype (T2-SBA) – antibodies, binding to immunoglobulin (Ig) E (anti-IgE – omalizumab), interleukin antagonists (IL)-5 (anti-IL-5 – mepolizumab, resizumab) and its receptor (anti-IL-5Rα – benralizumab), as well as antibodies, that selectively bind to the IL-4 and -13 receptor (anti-IL-4 /13Rα – dupilumab). The article presents data on the effectiveness of these drugs in relation to the key characteristics of SBA, formulates clinical and laboratory criteria, the study of which in real practice can potentially predict the likelihood of a clinical response to a particular type of biological therapy. An algorithm is proposed for choosing a targeted therapy strategy for patients with SBA, clinically associated with allergies, for patients with severe non-allergic eosinophilic BA and for patients with eosinophilic BA of a combined phenotype.
Diagnostic and treatment options for patients with COPD as part of real clinical practice. Approaches to the treatment of patients with various phenotypes according to GOLD (2019): materials of the Council of Experts of the Siberian Federal District, Chita and Buryatia, dated 03.15.19
Authors: Demko I. V. , Kudelya L. M. , Sobko E. A. , Solov'eva I. A. , Trofimenko I. N. , Tetenevа A. V. , Grebenyuk A. A. , Ganyukova N. G. , Gyrgeshkinova N. S. , Luk'yanov S. A. , Mandarzhap Ch. Ch. , Meshcheryakova O. A.
Published: June 2020

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global problem in modern medicine. In recent years, the medical community’s understanding of COPD has changed significantly, which is primarily due to the emergence of a new classification and the identification of various phenotypes of the disease. These changes could not affect the tactics of COPD treatment. The article discusses not only the debatable issues of treating COPD; it provides an overview of changes in international (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, 2018) and national (2019) recommendations, but also the significance and benefits of triple therapy in terms of evidence-based medicine as well as the benefits of extra-fine drugs in the treatment of bronchial obstructive syndrome.
AN ASSESSMENT ROLE OF AMISOM IN THE PEACEBUILDING PROCESS IN SOMALIA: A STUDY
Authors: Ali Abdullahi , Pandey Neelam
Published: June 2020

Purpose of the study: The aim of this study is to examine the role of AMISOM in Somalia's peacebuilding process in terms of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) and reconciliation among Somali clans. Methodology: This study uses a descriptive design with document analysis to attain the research objectives. Secondary data is used. The data are collected from books, articles, journals, and literature on peacebuilding. Main findings: The results show that AMISOM has no significant role in disarming, demobilizing, and reintegrating clan militias into communities. The AMISOM reconciliation process has not succeeded to bring Somalis together to determine how key issues are negotiated. Application of this study: This research is useful for peacebuilding practitioners and government/policymakers in identifying the drivers, causes of armed conflicts in Somalia. Novelty and originality: While other studies focused on the impact of power-sharing in rebuilding the Somalia government, the present study examines the impact of DDR, tailored with reconciliation in clan co-existence and silencing clan conflicts.
TELEVISION PROGRAMS TRENDS TOWARDS PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT VALUES: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY
Authors: Shaba Afnan Mohammed
Published: June 2020

Purpose: Determine TV program trends towards promoting sustainable development values, and analyze program content, and clarifying the role of development media in supporting the values of sustainable development to the public.

Methodology: The descriptive method was used to analyze the content to test the variables and analyze them quantitatively and qualitatively. The number of samples used reached (24) episodes from two TV programs. Reliability tested using retest with Spearman stabilizer.

Main Findings: TV satellite channels are concerned with sustainable economic, environmental, social, cultural, religious and health issues of development, countered by the weak interest in educational and educational issues, programs seek to achieve the goals of media, news, awareness, and guidance, as well as providing various TV forms, Most notably the interview and the report.

Implications: This study found in order to develop the work of television programs towards new issues that are sustainable development and the importance of public awareness of the necessity of employing them in areas of life and improving plans for managing countries towards attention to sustainability and its impact on setting a good future for society.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This Research raises the topic of sustainable development and the trends of development media and television programs towards their promotion in the society.
A Senior as an Individual in the Situation of Dementia. Tom Kitwood's Person-Centred Care Model and the Philosophy of Dialogue
Authors: Smrokowska-Reichmann Agnieszka
Published: June 2020

Seniors suffering from dementia are always exposed to a reductive approach and depersonalization due to the specificity of that disease. The subjectivity of a senior is neglected or even completely negated. What remains unnoticed is the fact that, despite their disease, a senior is still a person – with the rights and needs of a person – and not just a helpless patient. The paper presents a break that has been made in the understanding and care of seniors with dementia thanks to the work of Tom Kitwood, a British psychologist. In Kitwood’s Person-Centred Care model, a person is defined as a relational, feeling, and historical being. At the same time, being a person is only possible in the interpersonal context. Hence the author's suggestion to read Kitwood’s concept from the angle of the philosophy of dialogue, which is always an affirmation of subjectivity and an opposition to tendencies that reify human beings. In the author’s opinion, Kitwood translated the main postulates of the philosophy of dialogue into the language of psychology, gerontology and senior care by operationalizing the indicators of the well-being of a patient with dementia.
Effect of Different Vermiwash Sources on Germination and Seedling Growth of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Authors: Biabani Abbas , Omara Mohammad Osman
Published: June 2020

Physiological process of germination depends on several factors such as temperature, water potential, light and nutrients. A laboratory study was carried out to asses, the effect of different Vermiwash sources on germination and seedling growth of fenugreek. A factorial design was used with four replications. Treatments were factorial of different Vermiwash (water as a control=W0, Vermicompost extract of wheat straw=W1, horse manure=W2, sheep manure=W3, 25% straw + 75% horse manure =W4, 25% straw + 75% sheep manure =W5, 50% straw + 50% horse manure =W6, 50% straw + 50% sheep manure =W7, 25% alfalfa residue + 75% sheep manure =W8, 50% alfalfa residue + 50% sheep manure =W9, 25% chicken manure + 75% straw manure =W10) and two levels of Vermiwash concentration (20% and 40%). Results showed that germination rate was significantly affected by all treatments. The maximum germination rate was observed at concentration of 40 percent of vermiwash with 25% alfalfa residue + 75% sheep manure. The maximum percentage of germination was obtained in 20 percent of vermiwash with sheep manure treatment and concentration of 40% in wheat straw. A significant difference was observed through treatments at 1% level in root length. In addition, root dry weight differed significantly among treatments at the 5% level. Also, a significant increasing was considered in root length by increasing the concentration of vermiwash.
Effects of Dietary Intake of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal on The Growth Performance of Pullet Chicks
Authors: Ugwuoke C.U. , Eze G.E. , Mgbenka R.N. , Omeje B.A. , Osinem E.C. , Machebe N.S.
Published: June 2020

This study determined the effects of dietary intake of Moringa Oleifera (M. oleifera) leaf meal on growth performance of pullets. Two hundred and forty Isa Brown day-old chicks were randomly allotted to 4 different treatment groups and each treatment had 3 replicates of 20 chicks each. At 4th week of age, birds in group 1 (T1)were fed with 16% crude protein (CP) grower diet (control feed; 0.0% M. oleifera) whereas birds in groups 2 (T2), 3 (T3) and 4 (T4) received the control feed supplemented with 2.5%; 5.0% and 7.5% M. oleifera leaf meal, respectively. Results indicate that although intake of M. oleifera leaf meal did not affect final body weight and weight gain of the pullets (P greater than 0.05), feed intake of the pullets declined significantly (P less than 0.05) as the amount of dietary M.oleifera intake was increased from 2.5% to 7.5%. Feed conversion ratio of T4 group was better (P less than 0.05) than those of control birds.
Optimising Sowing Time and Nutrient Needs of rabi Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] in alfisols of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Nagamani C. , Sumathi V. , Reddy G. Prabhakara
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted on sandy clay loam soils of Tirupati Campus of ANGR Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh to optimise the sowing time and nutrient needs of rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] for its sustained productivity and profitability. Three sowing times: II FN of September, I FN of October and II FN of October; three nutrient levels (N-P2O5-K2O kg ha-1): 10-40-0, 20-50-10 and 30-60-20 and two foliar treatments: NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2%) at 60 DAS, 60 and 80 DAS were tested on LRG 41 pigeonpea cultivar in split-split plot design, replicated thrice. Earliest sown pigeonpea (II FN September) resulted in significantly higher seed yield (1700 kg ha-1) and net returns ( 32239) due to improvement in yield attributes like pod bearing branches plant-1, number of pods branch-1, number of seeds pod-1 and test weight. Highest nutrient level (30-60-20 NPK ha-1) produced significantly higher seed yield (1589 kg ha-1) and net returns (28448) due to improvement in yield attributes. Foliar application of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2%) applied at 60 and 80 DAS recorded significantly highest seed yield (1434 kg ha-1) and net returns (24111) due to its positive effect on pigeonpea yield attributes. Benefit:cost ratio was significantly high (2.71) due to earliest sowing, highest level of nutrient supply (2.46) and foliar application of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2%) applied at 60 and 80 DAS (2.26). Early sowings resulted in significantly higher seed yields at higher levels of nutrient supply. Foliar application of DAP (2%) at 60 and 80 DAS recorded significantly higher pigeonpea yield with early sowings. Early sown pigeonpea resulted in significantly higher seed yield at all levels of nutrient supply and foliar applications. Rabi redgram gave optimum yield and economic returns sown during II FN of September with 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 along with foliar spray of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2 per cent) twice at 60 and 80 DAS.
Optimal Land Allocation Programming Problems for Agricultural Revenue Maximization in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Paidipati Kiran Kumar , Padi Tirupathi Rao , Oram Madhumita
Published: June 2020

This study is on development of programming problems for optimal allocation of agricultural land to different crops with special reference to Andhra Pradesh State. The prime objective of this study is to provide the management planning to farm people for optimal utilization of agricultural land resources with the objective of maximizing the revenue. Three programming problems were formulated for the objectives of optimal crop area scheduling with (i) simple LPP, (ii) single goal programming and (iii) multiple goals programming with crop wise goals. Data from the agricultural farmers of AP were collected for ten crops cultivated with nine different methods of farming. While formulating the models, we have considered the issues of revenue per kg, total yield of the crop, minimum support price per kg, market competitive price per kg, break even revenue, break even cost ( in thousand rupees), minimum investment, maximum investment, available area for each crop, crop wise arbitrary target value and cost in rupees, etc. Investment for different types of expenditures like ploughing, seeds per kg, plantation, labour, fertilizers, water, rent, picking charges, storage per quintal, etc are considered. The activity ended with exploring the decision variables of finding the optimal land allocation for each crop.
Biology of Raoiella indica Hirst. (Acari: Tenupalpidae) on Arecanut Leaves under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Chavan Indhusri , Pradeep S. , Manjunatha M. , Narayanaswamy H. , Sridhara S.
Published: June 2020

Biology of Raoiella indica Hirst was studied under laboratory at 27 ± 2°C temperature and 79 ± 5.75 percent RH. The finding showed that life cycle of R. indica consisted of five stages viz., eggs, larva, protonymph, deutonymph and adult. The eggs incubation period of R. indica was 9.790 ± 1.94 days. The larval body measured 0.09 and 0.13 mm in length and 0.08 to 0.10 mm in width and lived for 8.35 ± 0.84 days. The total developmental period of female was 29.80 ± 2.73 days and male took 31.27±40 days. Mated female lived for longer time and laid higher number of eggs than unmated female.
Genetic Architecture of Grain Quality Traits in Nutrient Rich Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Crosses
Authors: Lingaiah N. , Raju Ch. Surender , Sarla N. , Radhika K. , Venkanna V. , Reddy D. Vishnu Vardhan
Published: June 2020

The precise knowledge of the nature of gene action for quality traits in rice helps to choose an effective breeding strategy to accelerate the pace of genetic improvement of quality traits in rice. The Generation mean analysis indicated absence of epistasis in case of certain quality characters like hulling percent, milling percent, kernel length, breadth and kernel elongation ratio in first and second crosses. The interaction was of duplicate epistasis for milling percent and kernel length, therefore, in addition to the main genetic effects, ([d], [h] components), for development of a variety / hybrid from the cross (RP-Bio-5478 -185 x NH-686), the interaction components also have to be taken into consideration in breeding. Selection was recommended for head rice recovery improvement, for two crosses viz., MTU 1010 x NH-686, WGL-32100 x RP-Bio-5478-166, due to presence of fixable genetic variation. The interaction components are highly variable, therefore, a cross and trait specific breeding strategy is required for quality improvement in three crosses.
Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization on Growth and Yield in Coriander: A Review
Authors: Singh Harshita , Singh Suryapal , Panghal V. P.S.
Published: June 2020

Coriander is second most important seed spice crop grown for its seed as well as leaves. Among the major yield determining factors, NPK fertilization along with correct supply of water play an important role in the quality and yield aspects of coriander. Since coriander is grown mainly in arid and semi-arid areas, water is one of the main constraints in crop production as these growing areas are deficit in annual rainfall. Coriander grown particularly during winter season requires assured irrigation for successful production. Also, dumping of huge quantity of fertilizers in the soil becomes uneconomical besides polluting the environment. Therefore, application of optimum dose of fertilizers not only increases the yield but also improves the quality of the crop as well as soil. Extensive research work has been reported on irrigation and fertilizer requirement of coriander. Therefore, an attempt is been made to review the information available regarding the irrigation and fertilization studies and their impact on growth, yield and other attributing parameters of coriander.
Effect of Sulphur Nutrition in Groundnut: A Review
Authors: Kalaichelvi K. , Ariraman R.
Published: June 2020

Suphur plays a vital role in the development of seed and improving oil quality. Groundnut is rich in oils and protein hence sulphur requirement for this crop is substantially high. Sulphur levels from 20 to 70 kg ha-1 were tried in groundnut among which higher level of sulphur @ 60 kg ha-1 has recorded taller plants, higher leaf area index, dry matter production pod number, pod yield and oil quality in groundnut. Gypsum application at 400 kg ha-1 (200 kg as basal and remaining 200 kg ha-1 during earthing up) has increased the pod yield, oil content and oil yield in groundnut.
Role of Near - Infrared Spectroscopy in Seed Quality Evaluation: A Review
Authors: Masilamani P. , Venkatesan S. , Janaki P. , Eevera T. , Sundareswaran S. , Rajkumar P.
Published: June 2020

The use of high-quality seeds is one of the most important elements for increasing agricultural production in any farming system. This element has become more crucial than ever for providing enough food security for the rising population, which is expected to exceed nine billion by year 2050. Selecting high yielding varieties of disease, insect, lodging and shattering resistance, along with other desirable characteristics are the basic keys for satisfactory crop performance and yield. The production of high-quality seed is the cornerstone of any successful agriculture program. It is also a good marketing tool for increasing the potential sale of crops, especially in today’s competitive market. Therefore, adopting an efficient method to evaluate the seed quality non-destructively is the need of hour. One such technique or method is the use of NIR which helps to assess seed quality non-destructively and sort out seeds based on seed health, seed deterioration, viability, vigour including protein, starch and fatty acid composition as well as abiotic and biotic seed damage. It is a non-destructive analytical technique requires little sample preparation time and high-throughput, which makes it as a seed analysis tool.
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in Water Erosion Assessment
Authors: Kumar Nirmal , Singh S. K. , Obi Reddy G. P. , Mishra V. N. , Bajpai R. K.
Published: June 2020

The aim of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of geographical information system and remote sensing–based water erosion assessment. With multispectral and multi-temporal low cost data at various resolutions, remote sensing plays an important role for mapping the distribution and severity of water erosion and for modeling the risk and/or potential of soil loss. The ability of geographic information system to integrate spatial data of different types and sources makes its role unavoidable in water erosion assessment. The role of satellite data in identification of eroded lands and in providing inputs for erosion modeling has been discussed. The role of GIS in mapping eroded lands based on experts’ opinion, in generating spatial data inputs from sources other than remote sensing and in integrating the inputs to model the potential soil loss has been discussed.
Productivity of Field Crops as Influenced by Foliar Spray of Nutrients: A Review
Authors: Sathishkumar A. , Sakthivel N. , Subramanian E. , Rajesh P.
Published: June 2020

Foliar application of nutrients plays an important role in changing growth and physiological characteristics of field crops. In optimizing fertilization strategies, inclusion of foliar application improves fertilizer use efficiency and reduces environmental pollution. Foliar application of nutrients during flower and grain formation stages has been shown to be effective in efficient utilization of nutrients by crops and thereby reduce flower shedding and increase the yield. Keeping this in view, the literatures on foliar application of Di-ammonium phosphate and boron on the growth, yield and quality of field crops are reviewed in this paper.
Assay of Blood Mineral Profiles of Dairy Cows at Various Physiological Status, Seasons and Production Systems in Two Districts of East Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Bekele Wondewsen , Goshu Gebeyehu , Tamir Berhan , Demissie Tilaye , Sahle Zemelak
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted in East Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, to determine serum minerals of dairy cows at different season. The mineral assessed were Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Phosphors (P), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Cobalt (Co) and Zinc (Zn). The district and the production systems were selected purposively. A total of two hundred forty blood samples were collected. Blood serum was collected, digested and analyzed for minerals, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Photoelectric colorimeter. The mean serum calcium level was 0.080 vs 0.082g/L for lactating and 0.090, vs 0.081gm/L for dry cows in both seasons, in Ada’a and Adama district, which was mean serum calcium level was very close to critical level (CL) or said to borderline. The mean serum phosphorus was 0.037vs 0.039 g/L) for lactating and 0.038 vs 0.037 gm/L for dry cows in both season in study districts. In general, in addition to Ca limited number of dairy cows were deficient for P, Cu and co. The difference in mean serum magnesium was significant (P less than 0.05) by production system, physiological state of the animals with seasons. Similarly, the difference in serum copper level was statistically significant (p less than 0.05) based on physiology of cows, production system and season. Iron serum concentration showed a significant difference (P less than 0.05) by season, physiology and production system. In case of Zinc and cobalt serum concentration showed a significant difference (p less than 0.05) between production system, physiological stat and season. It could be concluded that in the study area most serum minerals of dairy cows were either below the critical level or very near to the critical level. The variation in serum level of measured mineral was also significant in many cases. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement these deficient minerals to the ration of dairy cows to improve production, productivity, health and reproduction efficiency.
Influence of Organic and Inorganic Top Dressing Fertilization on Production Characteristics of Ruzi Grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis) in Thailand
Authors: Islam Md. Zakirul , Wongpanit Kannika , Islam Mohammad Ashiqul , Saha Gopal , Harun-ur-Rashid Md.
Published: June 2020

This experiment was aimed to investigate the production characteristics and nutritive quality of Ruzi grass by varying levels of organic and inorganic fertilizer viz. cow dung (CD) and urea fertilizer (UF), respectively. The treatments were arranged into a factorial design and grouped according to a completely randomized design with three replications. Three doses of CD (0; 5; and 10 t/ha) were applied at sowing and four UF doses were applied as top dressing (0, 25, 50 and 100 kg/ha). The application of CD and UF have a positive effect on the length of leaves (p=0.00 and p=0.02) but their interactions are not significantly different (p=0.12). The effect of CD, UF and their interaction significantly increased the number of leaves (p=0.00), the number of tillers (p=0.00) and dry matter yield (p=0.00). There were no significant effect of CD and interaction on the leaf/stem ratio (p=0.17 and p=0.23, respectively) but UF slightly increased the ratio (p=0.00), CP% (p£0.00), NDF% (p£0.00) and ADF% (p£0.00). The best combination of fertilizer could be noted at 50 kg/ha UF and 10 t/ha CD to obtain better results. It might recommend that better fertilizer management can improve productivity as well as the nutritional quality of Ruzi grass.