bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Новый взгляд на фундаментальную теорему теории арбитража для больших финансовых рынков
Authors: Cuchiero Christa , Klein I , Teichmann J
Published: April 2016

В контексте больших финансовых рынков мы формулируем понятие отсутствия асимптотического бесплатного ленча с исчезающим риском (NAFLVR), в соответствии с которым мы можем доказать версию фундаментальной теоремы теории арбитража (FTAP) в рынках с (даже несчетным) бесконечным числом активов, как, например, в случае рынков облигаций. Мы работаем в общей модели допустимых процессов капитала портфелей, предложенной
Ю. Кабановым [8], в рамках существенно ослабленного свойства конкатенации и адаптируем вариант доказательства FTAP, полученный в [1] для классической ситуации малого рынка, к большим финансовым рынкам. В случае счетного числа активов наша ситуация включает модель большого финансового рынка, рассмотренную
М. Де Донно и др. в [2], и их абстрактную теорию интегрирования.
Понятие (NAFLVR) оказывается экономически значимым условием "отсутствия арбитража" (в частности, не связанным со $*$-слабыми замыканиями), и (NAFLVR) эквивалентно существованию разделяющей меры. Более того, мы покажем с помощью контрпримера, что существование эквивалентной разделяющей меры не
приводит к эквивалентной $\sigma$-мартингальной мере даже в ситуации счетного большого финансового рынка.
Оптимальное инвестирование при поведенческом критерии в диффузионной модели неполного рынка
Authors: Rasonyi M , Rodriguea-Villareal J G
Published: April 2016

Устанавливается существование оптимальной стратегии для поведенческого инвестора в модели неполного рынка с непрерывным временем.
Алгоритмы для оптимального управления стохастических систем переключающегося типа
Authors: Hinz Juri , Yap N
Published: April 2016

Для задач оптимального управления переключающегося типа с линейной динамикой состояния представлен новый алгоритмический метод построения решения, который требует минимальных предположений, связанных с выпуклостью, демонстрируя при этом отличную вычислительную эффективность, в том числе, на задачах большой размерности. Кроме того, разработаны прямые двойственные процедуры для оценки расстояния от построенных приближенных решений до оптимальных.
Вязкостные решения интегродифференциальных уравнений для вероятности неразорения
Authors: Belkina Tatyana Andreevna , Kabanov Yurii Mikhailovich
Published: April 2016

Рассматривается модель страховой компании, инвестирующей свой резерв в рисковые активы, динамика цен которых описывается экспоненциальным процессом Леви. Показано, что вероятность неразорения является вязкостным решением интегродифференциального уравнения второго порядка; для указанного решения доказана теорема единственности.
A Study of Cross-Reactivity Between Recombinant EPC1 Antigen of Echinococcus granulosus in Serum from Patients with Confirmed Cystic Echinococcosis Infection and Other Parasitic Infections
Authors: Fathi Saeid , Jalousian Fatemeh , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Parsa Hossein , Kordafshari Somayeh
Published: April 2016

A standardized test for the serodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) remains an important challenge because of the problems in specificity and sensitivity of the available commercial kits and lack of proper evaluation of antigen. Using appropriate sources of antigenic material is crucial in improvement of the serological methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of protein named Echinococcus protoscolex calcium binding protein EPC1 for the detection of antibodies in sera from patients with CE. Expressed and purified recombinant protein EPC1 (rEPC1) was used as antigen in ELISA method. Characterization of the rEPC1 antigen was evaluated using the serum of 25 patients with both surgical and imaging confirmed CE and 25 healthy donors as negative controls. Also, a panel of sera including chronic toxoplasmosis (IgG positive), strongyloidosis, fascioliasis, toxocariasis, and kala azar were used and patients with related parasites were confirmed by medical laboratories or clinically by research centers using microscopy or specific ELISA. rEPC1 showed relatively promising performance in total IgG ELISA for the detection of antibodies in sera from the negative controls, and the cut off value 0.4 units of optical density at 490 nm was calculated for ELISA. In this study, sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 93.7, positive predictive value of 92.6%, and negative predictive value of 100% were calculated for rEPC1. On the other hand, commercial ELISA kit based on the native antigen B of Echinococcus granulosus had sensitivity of 96.2% and specificity of 96.8%. No significant difference was found for sensitivity or specificity between the rEPC1 and commercial kit. However, rEPC1 may be a valuable antigen for diagnosis of human CE.
Defining Population Health Vulnerability Following an Extreme Weather Event in an Urban Pacific Island Environment: Honiara, Solomon Islands
Authors: Natuzzi Eileen S. , Joshua Cynthia , Shortus Matthew , Reubin Reginald , Dalipanda Tenneth , Ferran Karen , Aumua Audrey , Brodine Stephanie
Published: April 2016

Extreme weather events are common and increasing in intensity in the southwestern Pacific region. Health impacts from cyclones and tropical storms cause acute injuries and infectious disease outbreaks. Defining population vulnerability to extreme weather events by examining a recent flood in Honiara, Solomon Islands, can help stakeholders and policymakers adapt development to reduce future threats. The acute and subacute health impacts following the April 2014 floods were defined using data obtained from hospitals and clinics, the Ministry of Health and in-country World Health Organization office in Honiara. Geographical information system (GIS) was used to assess morbidity and mortality, and vulnerability of the health system infrastructure and households in Honiara. The April flash floods were responsible for 21 acute deaths, 33 injuries, and a diarrhea outbreak that affected 8,584 people with 10 pediatric deaths. A GIS vulnerability assessment of the location of the health system infrastructure and households relative to rivers and the coastline identified 75% of the health infrastructure and over 29% of Honiara's population as vulnerable to future hydrological events. Honiara, Solomon Islands, is a rapidly growing, highly vulnerable urban Pacific Island environment. Evaluation of the mortality and morbidity from the April 2014 floods as well as the infectious disease outbreaks that followed allows public health specialists and policy makers to understand the health system and populations vulnerability to future shocks. Understanding the negative impacts natural disaster have on people living in urban Pacific environments will help the government as well as development partners in crafting resilient adaptation development.
Identifying global patterns of stochasticity and nonlinearity in the Earth System
Authors: Arizmendi Fernando , Barreiro Marcelo , Masoller Cristina
Published: April 2016

Abstract. By comparing time-series of surface air temperature (SAT, monthly reanalysis data from NCEP CDAS1 and ERA Interim) with respect to the top-of-atmosphere incoming solar radiation (the insolation), we perform a detailed analysis of the SAT response to solar forcing. By computing the entropy of SAT time-series, we also quantify the degree of stochasticity. We find spatial coherent structures which are characterized by high stochasticity and nearly linear response to solar forcing (the shape of SAT time-series closely follows that of the isolation), or vice versa. The entropy analysis also allows to identify geographical regions in which there are significant differences between the NCEP CDAS1 and ERA Interim datasets, which are due to the presence of extreme values in one dataset but not in the other. Therefore, entropy maps are a valuable tool for anomaly detection and model inter-comparisons.
A stochastic, Lagrangian model of sinking biogenic aggregates in the ocean (SLAMS 1.0): model formulation, validation and sensitivity
Authors: Jokulsdottir Tinna , Archer David
Published: April 2016

Abstract. We present a new mechanistic model, stochastic, Lagrangian aggregate model of sinking particles (SLAMS) for the biological pump in the ocean, which tracks the evolution of individual particles as they aggregate, disaggregate, sink, and are altered by chemical and biological processes. SLAMS considers the impacts of ballasting by mineral phases, binding of aggregates by transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), zooplankton grazing and the fractal geometry (porosity) of the aggregates. Parameterizations for age-dependent organic carbon (orgC) degradation kinetics, and disaggregation driven by zooplankton grazing and TEP degradation, are motivated by observed particle fluxes and size spectra throughout the water column. The model is able to explain observed variations in orgC export efficiency and rain ratio from the euphotic zone and to the sea floor as driven by sea surface temperature and the primary production rate and seasonality of primary production. The model provides a new mechanistic framework with which to predict future changes on the flux attenuation of orgC in response to climate change forcing.
An innovative method to calibrate a spinner anemometer without use of yaw position sensor
Authors: Demurtas Giorgio , Cornelis Janssen Nick Gerardus
Published: April 2016

Abstract. A spinner anemometer can be used to measure the yaw misalignment and flow inclination experienced by a wind turbine. Previous calibration methods used to calibrate a spinner anemometer for flow angle measurements were based on measurements of a spinner anemometer with default settings and a reference yaw misalignment signal measured measured with a yaw position sensor. The yaw position sensor is normally present in wind turbines for control purposes, however, such a signal is not always available for a spinner anemometer calibration. Therefore, an additional yaw position sensor has been installed prior to the spinner anemometer calibration. An innovative method to calibrate the spinner anemometer without a yaw positions sensor was then developed. It was noted that a non calibrated spinner anemometer that overestimate (underestimate) the inflow angle will also overestimate (underestimate) the wind speed when there is a yaw misalignment. The new method leverage on the non linearity of the spinner anemometer algorithm to find the calibration factor Fα by an optimization process that minimizes the dependency of the wind speed to the yaw misalignment. The new calibration method was found to be rather robust with Fα values within ±2.7 % of the mean value for four successive tests at the same rotor position.
Altmetria ou métricas alternativas: conceitos e principais características
Authors: Souza Iara Vidal Pereira de
Published: April 2016

Apresentam-se os conceitos e características das métricas alternativas (ou altmetria, em português), com especial destaque para a relação destas com as métricas tradicionais e potenciais riscos de manipulação de dados. Discutem-se os desafios para tais métricas e as ferramentas disponíveis para tal contagem.
Prostatic Tissue Levels of 43 Trace Elements in Patients with Prostate Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zaichick Vladimir , Zaichick Sofia
Published: April 2016

Adenocarcinoma of prostate gland is an internationally important health problem in men, particularly in developed countries. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate whether significant changes in the prostatic tissue levels of trace elements exist in the malignantly transformed prostate. Prostatic tissue levels of 43 trace elements were prospectively evaluated in 36 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma and 37 healthy males. Measurements were performed using a combination of non-destructive and destructive methods: instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, respectively. Tissue samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for trace element analysis. The reliability of difference in the results between normal and cancerous prostate tissues was evaluated by Student’s t-test. It was found that the contents of Ag, Al, Au, B, Be, Br, Ce, Cr, Dy, Er, Fe, Gd, Hg, Li, Mn, Nd, Ni, Pr, Sb, Sn, Th, Tl, Y, and Zr were significantly higher while those of Cd, Co, Rb, Sc, Se, and Zn were significantly lower in cancerous tissues than in normal tissues. Moreover, it was shown that malignant transformation significantly changed the relationships of trace elements in prostate. Thus, in adenocarcinoma transformed prostate tissue the trace element metabolism is significantly disturbed.
From Teacher Isolation to Teacher Collaboration: Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Findings
Authors: Ostovar-Nameghi Seyyed Ali , Sheikhahmadi Mohsen
Published: April 2016

This study aims at: (1) reviewing the underlying causes of teacher isolation; (2) unreavelling the negative effects of isolation on teachers’ professional and personal life; (2) illustrating different modes of voluntary collaboration among teachers; (4) presenting substantive evidence is support of collaboration as an efficient mode of professional development, and (5) drawing implications for practice. Since collaboration leads to professional development and academic satisfaction, it is suggested that schools: (1) be structured in ways that maximize collaborative discussion among teachers; (2) create conditions taht are conducive to growth and development for both teachers and learners; (3) reinforce study groups which aim at making teachers reflect on their current beliefs and practices and chane them for the better; (4) move away from the once-popular teacher training courses towards teacher study groups, peer observation of teaching and mentoring, which are conducive to constructing knowledge rather than passively receiving knowledge. The review has many other clear implications for pracatitioners and other stakeholders.
The Industry Cluster Approach for Tourism Development of Central Vietnam
Authors: Hong Trinh Truong
Published: April 2016

Industry cluster is frequently mentioned in the literature of the regional economic development, but there are a few studies about identifying competitive clusters in the region. For this reason, the paper approaches cluster analysis for identifying competitive clusters in Central Vietnam. From location quotient and shift-share analysis, the result reveals that tourism cluster is a competitive cluster for the regional economic development. Then, the study develops the tourism cluster in central Vietnam that includes tourism cluster profile, tourism production network, and tourism value chain. Moreover, the study result provides a basic framework for industry cluster analysis that help policy makers and economic developers to understand economic activities, characteristics of competitive cluster and supranational characters in the regional economy, then deliver strategy and policies for tourism cluster development of Central Vietnam.
A Meta-Frontier Function for the Estimation of Islamic and Conventional Banks’ Cost and Revenue Efficiency: The Case of Malaysia from 2006 to 2012
Authors: Ghroubi Mohamed , Abaoub Ezzeddine
Published: April 2016

We measure cost and revenue efficiency of the Islamic and conventional Malaysian banks by using the stochastic frontier method and the meta-frontier analysis (MFA) over the period 2006-2012. The use of MFA allows for the correction of the efficiency measurement errors caused by the technological and operational gap. The specific as well as the common frontiers obtained by the stochastic frontier method show the superiority of Islamic banks (IBs) compared to conventional banks (CBs) in terms of cost and revenue efficiency. This can reflect their high managerial capability. Efficiency measurement using MFA partially revealed different results. CBs have higher annual averages of cost efficiency scores than those of IBs over the period 2006-2011. The observed evolutionary trends of these averages contradict those of the capital base. This change in results is explained according to Johnes et al. (2013) by the modus operandi of IBs which seems in average less efficient than that of CBs. As for revenue efficiency, IBs are more efficient than CBs over the entire study period even though the evolution of the technological gap ratio confirms the inefficiency of their modus operandi. These results may be useful to political decision-makers and regulatory authorities. ch indicate the complexity of the audited firm and the characteristics of the audit.
Mechanism of Alkaline Lignin Oxidation Using Laccase-methyl Syringate Mediator System
Authors: Yao Bin , Kolla Praveen , Koodali Ranjit , Wu Chia-Ming , Smirnova Alevtina
Published: April 2016

The mechanism of alkaline lignin oxidation in presence of laccase-methyl syringate (MS) mediator is discussed in terms of morphological changes that take place during exposure of the lignin to the phosphate buffer solution (pH=6.5) for 72hr at 70oC. The SEM analysis of lignin before and after enzymatic treatment reveals the morphological changes explained by the interaction of the lignin surface groups with laccase-methyl syringate system. The BET analysis confirms that this interaction causes the change in the surface area from 2.75 to 5.50cm2/g. The corresponding pore-size distribution in lignin sample treated with laccase-methyl syringate is much broader in comparison to the untreated lignin and the pores within 25-150nm range are detected as a result of the BJH analysis. The electrochemical study of lignin, lignin with laccase, and lignin with laccase in presence of the mediator in the buffer solution has been performed in the potential range from -0.3 to +1.0V vs. Ag, AgCl, Cl- reference electrode. The cyclic voltammetry confirms reversible oxidation-reduction behavior of the methyl syringate natural mediator in anaerobic and aerobic environment. Specifically in anaerobic conditions three oxidation anodic peaks (0.265V, 0.474V and 0.884V) and two reduction peaks (0.421V and 0.103V) were detected out of which the oxidation peak at 0.474V was assigned to the formation of MS∙ radical. In aerobic conditions the methyl syringate demonstrates two oxidation peaks (0.473V and 0.812V) and two reduction peaks (0.410V and 0.135V). The mechanism of MS radical stability in oxygen vs. anaerobic environment is proposed based on formation of MS∙ radicals.
The Atonement and the Problem of Shame
Authors: Stump Eleonore ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2016

The atonement has been traditionally understood to be a solution to the problem created by the human proneness to moral wrongdoing. This problem includes both guilt and shame. Although the problem of human guilt is theologically more central to the doctrine of the atonement, the problem of shame is something that the atonement might be supposed to remedy as well if it is to be a complete antidote to the problems generated by human wrongdoing. In this paper, I discuss the difference between guilt and shame; I explore the different varieties of shame, and I suggest ways to connect the atonement to a remedy for all the kinds of shame.
Epistemic Justification Revisited
Authors: Goldberg Sanford C. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2016

In his Beyond Justification, Bill Alston argued that there is no single property picked out by ‘epistemic justification,’ and that instead epistemological theory should investigate the range of epistemic desiderata that beliefs may enjoy (as well as the nature of and interconnections among the various epistemic good-making properties). In this paper I argue that none of his arguments taken singly, nor the collection as a group, gives us a reason to abandon the traditional idea that there is a property of epistemic justification. I conclude by suggesting how Alston’s proposal to investigate the variety of epistemic desiderata bears on the questions at the heart of the theory of epistemic justification. Here I suggest that, despite his attempts at neutrality with respect to debates about epistemic justification, Alston might well have taken sides on one of the main issues of substance.
Le tirailleur, nègre historique et littéraire, ou comment écrire le revers de
l’histoire. L’exemple du Nègre Potemkine de Blaise N’Djehoya
Authors: Carré Nathalie
Published: April 2016

Cet article se propose d’analyser la manière dont Blaise N’Djehoya, dans son roman
Le Nègre Potemkine (1988), s’intéresse à la figure historique du tirailleur
sénégalais pour offrir non seulement une autre perspective sur l’histoire nationale
française, et notamment celle des années 1980, mais pour en faire également un principe
d’écriture qui fait éclater les cadres de la narration tradition-nelle. Travaillant sur les
rapports entre visibilité et invisibilité, Blaise N’Djehoya redéfinit le rôle de l’écrivain,
comme celui du tirailleur, en mettant en valeur leur dénominateur commun de « nègre » :
leurs actions restent invisibles mais sont cependant loin d’être sans
importance.
α8β1 integrin regulates nutrient absorption through an Mfge8-PTEN dependent mechanism
Authors: Khalifeh-Soltani Amin , Ha Arnold , Podolsky Michael J , McCarthy Donald A , McKleroy William , Azary Saeedeh , Sakuma Stephen , Tharp Kevin M , Wu Nanyan , Yokosaki Yasuyuki , Hart Daniel , Stahl Andreas , Atabai Kamran
Published: April 2016

Coordinated gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction is critical for proper nutrient absorption and is altered in a number of medical disorders. In this work, we demonstrate a critical role for the RGD-binding integrin α8β1 in promoting nutrient absorption through regulation of gastrointestinal motility. Smooth muscle-specific deletion and antibody blockade of α8 in mice result in enhanced gastric antral smooth muscle contraction, more rapid gastric emptying, and more rapid transit of food through the small intestine leading to malabsorption of dietary fats and carbohydrates as well as protection from weight gain in a diet-induced model of obesity. Mechanistically, ligation of α8β1 by the milk protein Mfge8 reduces antral smooth muscle contractile force by preventing RhoA activation through a PTEN-dependent mechanism. Collectively, our results identify a role for α8β1 in regulating gastrointestinal motility and identify α8 as a potential target for disorders characterized by hypo- or hyper-motility.
Blockade of glucagon signaling prevents or reverses diabetes onset only if residual β-cells persist
Authors: Damond Nicolas , Thorel Fabrizio , Moyers Julie S , Charron Maureen J , Vuguin Patricia M , Powers Alvin C , Herrera Pedro L
Published: April 2016

Glucagon secretion dysregulation in diabetes fosters hyperglycemia. Recent studies report that mice lacking glucagon receptor (Gcgr-/-) do not develop diabetes following streptozotocin (STZ)-mediated ablation of insulin-producing β-cells. Here, we show that diabetes prevention in STZ-treated Gcgr-/- animals requires remnant insulin action originating from spared residual β-cells: these mice indeed became hyperglycemic after insulin receptor blockade. Accordingly, Gcgr-/- mice developed hyperglycemia after induction of a more complete, diphtheria toxin (DT)-induced β-cell loss, a situation of near-absolute insulin deficiency similar to type 1 diabetes. In addition, glucagon deficiency did not impair the natural capacity of α-cells to reprogram into insulin production after extreme β-cell loss. α-to-β-cell conversion was improved in Gcgr-/- mice as a consequence of α-cell hyperplasia. Collectively, these results indicate that glucagon antagonism could i) be a useful adjuvant therapy in diabetes only when residual insulin action persists, and ii) help devising future β-cell regeneration therapies relying upon α-cell reprogramming.
Wet spinning of continuous polymer-free carbon-nanotube fibers with high electrical conductivity and strength
Authors: Mukai Ken , Asaka Kinji , Wu Xueli , Morimoto Takahiro , Okazaki Toshiya , Saito Takeshi , Yumura Motoo
Published: April 2016

We report on the fabrication of polymer-free carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers by a novel wet spinning method combined with a very easy and straightforward fabrication process. These fibers exhibited high electrical conductivity (14,284 ± 169 S·cm−1) and tensile strength (887 ± 37 MPa). Such high performance was made possible by the preparation of free-standing CNT fibers from a surfactant solution containing uniformly dispersed CNTs, despite the use of an organic coagulating solvent and subsequent stretching to align the CNTs in the fiber.
Simple and quick enhancement of SiC bulk crystal growth using a newly developed crucible material
Authors: Nakamura Daisuke
Published: April 2016

Newly developed highly reliable low-cost TaC-coated graphite materials prepared by a wet ceramic process were applied to SiC sublimation growth. We demonstrated an increased long-duration growth rate and a resultant increase in crystal size by a factor of ∼1.2 (experimental value) after 24 h of growth [and ∼1.5 (extrapolated value) after the optimum duration of 53.1 h] by simply and quickly replacing graphite crucibles with TaC-coated graphite crucibles. Growth with the TaC-coated graphite crucibles reduced source gas leakage and increased the material yield for single crystals because the TaC layers were gas-tight and had a low emissivity.
Geometric and electronic structures of one-dimensionally polymerized coronene molecules
Authors: Narita Kohei , Okada Susumu
Published: April 2016

On the basis of density functional theory, we studied the energetics, geometries, and electronic structures of dicoronylene molecules (coronene dimers) and one-dimensionally polymerized coronene molecules. Our calculations showed that the relative stability of the coronene dimers and polymers strongly depends on the mutual arrangement of molecules with respect to the polymer or dimer directions: the coronene dimer and the polymer with six-membered rings in the intermolecular bonds are the most stable structures among the three possible intermolecular arrangements. The dimer possesses a large energy gap between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied states, which is narrower than that of the isolated coronene. The polymers are semiconductors with a moderate direct band gap and a large indirect gap for the polymers with six- and four-membered rings and that with five-membered rings, respectively, indicating the possibility of the electronic structure control of polymers via the intermolecular arrangement.
Förskolechefens ansvar och uppdrag i ett kommunalt förvaltningsperspektiv
Authors: Eriksson Anita , Beach Dennis , Svensson Ann-Katrin
Published: April 2016

2010-års revideringen av skollagen och förskolans läroplan innebar dels ökade krav på pedagogisk kvalitet och dels på en förändrad och förtydligad ansvarsstruktur i förskolan. För förskolechefens del explicitgjordes och förtydligades både ansvar, befogenhet och beslutsrätt. I artikeln beskrivs och problematiseras hur förskolechefens ansvar och uppdrag tolkas och kommer till uttryck i ett övergripande kommunalt förvaltningsperspektiv i samband med dessa revideringar. Data utgörs av en enkätundersökning besvarad av 48 förvaltningstjänstemän anställda i olika kommuner. Resultatet visar att förskolechefen i flertalet kommuner har tilldelats ett stort ansvar när det gäller att tolka och initiera den förtydligade ansvarsstrukturen och skapa förutsättningar i form av kompetensutvecklingsinsatser för förskolepersonalen för att möta de ökade kraven på pedagogisk kvalitet.
Förskollärares kommunikation med de yngsta barnen i förskolan: med fokus på kvalitativa skillnader i hur ett innehåll kommuniceras.
Authors: Jonsson Agneta
Published: April 2016

The aim of this article is to describe and analyze how preschool teacher’s ways to communicate with the youngest children in preschool contributes to conditions for children's learning. Data has been gathered from four Swedish preschools where observations were conducted to study teachers' communication with 1-3 year old children. The results of the study showed qualitative differences in teachers’ communication about a content. One conclusion is that a broad repertoire of ways to communicate seems to favor conditions for children as actors to jointly expand the content in focus. Another conclusion is that the repertoire of children's actions and expressions made possible appears to be related to qualitative differences in teachers’ communication.Samandrag: Syftet med denna artikel är att beskriva och analysera hur förskollärares sätt att kommunicera med de yngsta barnen i förskolan bidrar till villkor för barns lärande. Förskollärare används synonymt med lärare då förskolan är en egen skolform. Datamaterialet är från fyra svenska förskolor där en observationsstudie genomförts av lärares kommunikation med 1-3 åriga barn. Resultaten från studien visar kvalitativa skillnader i lärarnas kommunikation om olika innehåll. En slutsats är att en kvalitativ kategori där en bred repertoar av sätt att kommunicera används av läraren tycks gynna förutsättningarna för aktörerna att gemensamt utvidga innehållet i kommunikationen. En annan slutsats är att den repertoar av barns aktörskap och uttryckssätt som möjliggörs förefaller vara relaterad till de kvalitativa skillnader som framkommit vid lärares repertoar av kommunikation. Diskussionen belyser resultatens konsekvenser i relation till social samhällsteori samt till teorier om yngre barns lärande och utveckling
Changes to coral health and metabolic activity under oxygen deprivation
Authors: Murphy James W.A. , Richmond Robert H.
Published: April 2016

On Hawaiian reefs, the fast-growing, invasive algaeGracilaria salicorniaovergrows coral heads, restricting water flow and light, thereby smothering corals. Field data shows hypoxic conditions (dissolved oxygen (DO2) < 2 mg/L) occurring underneath algal mats at night, and concurrent bleaching and partial tissue loss of shaded corals. To analyze the impact of nighttime oxygen-deprivation on coral health, this study evaluated changes in coral metabolism through the exposure of corals to chronic hypoxic conditions and subsequent analyses of lactate, octopine, alanopine, and strombine dehydrogenase activities, critical enzymes employed through anaerobic respiration. Following treatments, lactate and octopine dehydrogenase activities were found to have no significant response in activities with treatment and time. However, corals subjected to chronic nighttime hypoxia were found to exhibit significant increases in alanopine dehydrogenase activity after three days of exposure and strombine dehydrogenase activity starting after one overnight exposure cycle. These findings provide new insights into coral metabolic shifts in extremely low-oxygen environments and point to ADH and SDH assays as tools for quantifying the impact of hypoxia on coral health.
Buddhism in China: Collected Papers of Erik Zürcher. Edited, with an introduction, by Jonathan A. Silk
Authors: Benn James A.
Published: April 2016

Buddhism in China: Collected Papers of Erik Zürcher. Edited, with an Introduction, by Jonathan A. Silk. Sinica Leidensia, vol. 112. Leiden: Brill, 2013. Pp. xii + 676. €196; $255.
Fortified Cities of Ancient India: A Comparative Study. By Dieter Schlingloff
Authors: McClish Mark
Published: April 2016

Fortified Cities of Ancient India: A Comparative Study. By Dieter Schlingloff. Cultural, Historical and Textual Studies of South Asian Religions. London: Anthem Press, 2013. Pp. 110. £60, $99.
Caste and Buddhist Philosophy: Continuity of Some Buddhist Arguments against the Realist Interpretation of Social Denominations. By Vincent Eltschinger. Translated by Raynald Prévèreau in collaboration with the author
Authors: Jackson Roger P.
Published: April 2016

Caste and Buddhist Philosophy: Continuity of Some Buddhist Arguments against the Realist Interpretation of Social Denominations. By Vincent Eltschinger. Translated by Raynald Prévèreau in collaboration with the author. Buddhist Traditions Series, vol. 60. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2012. Pp. xxi + 235. INR 650.
Religions of the East. Edited by Stephen Hunt
Authors: McHugh James
Published: April 2016

Religions of the East. Edited by Stephen Hunt. Library of Essays on Sexuality and Religion. Farnham, UK: Ashgate, 2010. Pp. xxviii + 513. $225.
Judges. By Serge Frolov
Authors: Grosby Steven
Published: April 2016

Judges. By Serge Frolov. The Forms of the Old Testament Literature. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2013. Pp. xv + 374. $55 (paper).
Der Mensch, das Bild Gottes? Zum Gedanken einer Sonderstellung des Menschen im Alten Testament und in weiteren altorientalischen Quellen. By Annette Schellenberg
Authors: Janowski Bernd
Published: April 2016

Der Mensch, das Bild Gottes? Zum Gedanken einer Sonderstellung des Menschen im Alten Testament und in weiteren altorientalischen Quellen. By Annette Schellenberg. Zurich: Theologischer Verlag, 2011. Pp. 474. €64.80.
Aramaeans in Ancient Syria. Edited by Herbert Niehr
Authors: Maeir Aren M.
Published: April 2016

The Aramaeans in Ancient Syria. Edited by Herbert Niehr. Handbuch der Orientalistik, vol. 106.

Leiden: Brill, 2014. Pp. xxiv + 462, 25 plts. $189.
Material Culture of the Northern Sea Peoples in Israel. By Ephraim Stern
Authors: Cline Eric H.
Published: April 2016

The Material Culture of the Northern Sea Peoples in Israel. By Ephraim Stern. Harvard Semitic Museum Publications, Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant, vol. 5. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 2013. Pp. ix + 74, illus. $29.50.
Temple Building and Temple Cult: Architecture and Cultic Paraphernalia of Temples in the Levant (2.–1. Mill. B.C.E.). Edited by Jens Kamlah
Authors: Petit Lucas P.
Published: April 2016

Temple Building and Temple Cult: Architecture and Cultic Paraphernalia of Temples in the Levant (2.–1. Mill. B.C.E.). Edited by Jens Kamlah. Abhandlungen des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins, vol. 41. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2012. Pp. xxiv + 586, 73 plates. €68.
Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire. By Touraj Daryaee
Authors: Mirkovic Alexander
Published: April 2016

Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire. By Touraj Daryaee. London: I. B. Tauris in association with Iran Heritage Foundation, 2013 (reprint). Pp. xxvi + 225, illus. $29 (paper).
In the Shadow of Bezalel: Aramaic, Biblical, and Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Bezalel Porten. Edited by AleJandro F. Botta
Authors: Aster Shawn Zelig
Published: April 2016

In the Shadow of Bezalel: Aramaic, Biblical, and Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Bezalel Porten. Edited by AleJandro F. Botta. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East, vol. 60. Leiden: Brill, 2013. Pp. l + 429, illus. €228.
Nicht nur mit Engelszungen: Beiträge zur semitischen Dialektologie—Festschrift für Werner Arnold zum 60. Geburtstag. Edited by Renaud Kuty; Ulrich Seeger; and Shabo Talay
Authors: Häberl Charles G.
Published: April 2016

Nicht nur mit Engelszungen: Beiträge zur semitischen Dialektologie—Festschrift für Werner Arnold zum 60. Geburtstag. Edited by Renaud Kuty; Ulrich Seeger; and Shabo Talay. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2013. Pp. xx + 412. €118.
Emergence of Islam in Late Antiquity: Allāh and His People. By Azīz al-Azmeh
Authors: Judd Steven C.
Published: April 2016

The Emergence of Islam in Late Antiquity: Allāh and His People. By Azīz al-Azmeh. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Pp. xxi + 634. $180.
‘Alids: The First Family of Islam, 750–1200. By Teresa Bernheimer
Authors: Gaiser Adam
Published: April 2016

The ‘Alids: The First Family of Islam, 750–1200. By Teresa Bernheimer. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2013. Pp. vii + 119. $110, £65.
Ṛgveda, Avesta, and Beyond—ex occidente lux?
Authors: Scharfe Hartmut
Published: April 2016

It is a puzzle of long standing in Indo-Iranian studies that the cognates of the Vedic devás and their eventual rivals and eternal enemies, the ásuras, have entirely opposite valuations in Old Iranian, where Ahura Mazdāh is the chief of the pantheon and the daēuuas are considered demons. This puzzle is complicated by the fact that in early Vedic the ásuras do not have the demonic role they play in later Vedic and in fact are themselves sometimes identified as devás. Numerous solutions to this problem have been advanced. This article re-examines the evidence in detail and suggests a new explanation, set in the larger Near Eastern cultural context.
Defilement, Disgust, and Disease
Authors: Feder Yitzhaq
Published: April 2016

This article challenges the common tendency in modern research to treat impurity as a religious phenomenon divorced from mundane concerns. Employing the cross-cultural psychological notion of “contagion,” this investigation examines the usage of terms for pollution and purity in Hittite and Akkadian as they relate to distinct domains of human experience, specifically uncleanness, infection, and transgression. Special attention is given to the use of these terms in reference to infectious disease. This analysis demonstrates the real-world experiential basis for notions of impurity and also provides a new perspective to shed light on the peculiarities of each culture (e.g., the absence of an Akkadian term for “pollution”). The article concludes with a detailed excursus on the etymology of Akkadian musukku and its relation to Sumerian (m)uzug.
Terrestrial water flux responses to global warming in tropical rainforest areas
Authors: Lan Chia‐Wei , Lo Min‐Hui , Chou Chia , Kumar Sanjiv
Published: April 2016

Precipitation extremes are expected to become more frequent in the changing global climate, which may considerably affect the terrestrial hydrological cycle. In this study, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 archives have been examined to explore the changes in normalized terrestrial water fluxes (precipitation minus evapotranspiration minus total runoff, divided by the precipitation climatology) in three tropical rainforest areas: Maritime Continent, Congo, and Amazon. Results show that a higher frequency of intense precipitation events is predicted for the Maritime Continent in the future climate than in the present climate, but not for the Amazon or Congo rainforests. Nonlinear responses to extreme precipitation lead to a reduced groundwater recharge and a proportionately greater amount of direct runoff, particularly for the Maritime Continent, where both the amount and intensity of precipitation increase under global warming. We suggest that the nonlinear response is related to the existence of a higher near‐surface soil moisture over the Maritime Continent than that over the Amazon and Congo rainforests. The wetter soil over the Maritime Continent also leads to an increased subsurface runoff. Thus, increased precipitation extremes and concomitantly reduced terrestrial water fluxes lead to an intensified hydrological cycle for the Maritime Continent. This has the potential to result in a strong temporal heterogeneity in soil water distribution affecting the ecosystem of the rainforest region and increasing the risk of flooding and/or landslides.
Lateral erosion in an experimental bedrock channel: The influence of bed roughness on erosion by bed load impacts
Authors: Fuller Theodore K. , Gran Karen B. , Sklar Leonard S. , Paola Chris
Published: April 2016

Physical experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of bed load particle impacts as a mechanism of lateral bedrock erosion. In addition, we explored how changes in channel bed roughness, as would occur during development of an alluvial cover, influence rates of lateral erosion. Experimental channels were constructed to have erodible walls and a nonerodible bed using different mixtures of sand and cement. Bed roughness was varied along the length of the channel by embedding sediment particles of different size in the channel bed mixture. Lateral wall erosion from clear‐water flow was negligible. Lateral erosion during periods in which bed load was supplied to the channel removed as much as 3% of the initial wetted cross‐sectional area. The vertical distribution of erosion was limited to the base of the channel wall, producing channels with undercut banks. The addition of roughness elements to an otherwise smooth bed caused rates of lateral erosion to increase by as much as a factor of 7 during periods of bed load supply. However, a minimum roughness element diameter of approximately half the median bed load particle diameter was required before a substantial increase in erosion was observed. Beyond this minimum threshold size, further increases in the relative size of roughness elements did not substantially change the rate of wall erosion despite changes in total boundary shear stress. The deflection of saltating bed load particles into the channel wall by fixed roughness elements is hypothesized to be the driver of the observed increase in lateral erosion rates.
Valuing water resources in Switzerland using a hedonic price model
Authors: van Dijk Diana , Siber Rosi , Brouwer Roy , Logar Ivana , Sanadgol Dorsa
Published: April 2016

In this paper, linear and spatial hedonic price models are applied to the housing market in Switzerland, covering all 26 cantons in the country over the period 2005–2010. Besides structural house, neighborhood and socioeconomic characteristics, we include a wide variety of new environmental characteristics related to water to examine their role in explaining variation in sales prices. These include water abundance, different types of water bodies, the recreational function of water, and water disamenity. Significant spatial autocorrelation is found in the estimated models, as well as nonlinear effects for distances to the nearest lake and large river. Significant effects are furthermore found for water abundance and the distance to large rivers, but not to small rivers. Although in both linear and spatial models water related variables explain less than 1% of the price variation, the distance to the nearest bathing site has a larger marginal contribution than many neighborhood‐related distance variables. The housing market shows to differentiate between different water related resources in terms of relative contribution to house prices, which could help the housing development industry make more geographically targeted planning activities.
A soft‐sphere‐imbedded pseudo‐hard‐particle model for simulation of discharge flow of brick particles
Authors: Gui Nan , Yang Xingtuan , Jiang Shengyao , Tu Jiyuan
Published: April 2016

A novel hybrid approach of soft‐sphere‐imbedded pseudo‐hard‐particle model is proposed to cope with the complex collision of nonspherical particles. In this approach, the boundary of a host hard particle is covered by a series of soft‐spheres, which are allowed to oscillate about the equilibrium position according to the position, orientation, and shape configuration of the host particle. The collision processes are twofold: as a predictive process, particle‐particle interaction takes place through the collision between the distributed soft‐spheres, which causes subspheres to deviate from the equilibrium positions; as a corrective process, relaxation is superposed to allow the soft‐spheres to move back toward the equilibrium positions quickly. Consequentially, this process generates the force and torque on the host particle and determines its movement. Finally, after validation, this new model is used to explore the effects of aspect ratio and base angle on the discharge of brick particles in hoppers. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3562–3574, 2016
COL1A1 and COL1A2 sequencing results in cohort of patients undergoing evaluation for potential child abuse
Authors: Zarate Yuri A. , Clingenpeel Rachel , Sellars Elizabeth A. , Tang Xinyu , Kaylor Julie A. , Bosanko Katherine , Linam Leann E. , Byers Peter H.
Published: April 2016

Child abuse is a major public health concern that can explain a proportion of fractures in children. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is the most common inherited syndrome that predisposes to skeletal fractures. We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from clinical, laboratory, and radiographic information from children evaluated for child abuse in which molecular testing for COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes was conducted. A total of 43 patients underwent molecular testing for OI. Pathogenic variants predicted to result in a mild form of OI were found in two patients (5%), both clinically suspected to have this diagnosis. None of the cases in whom OI molecular testing was ordered when maltreatment concerns were thought to be more likely (0/35) were identified to have pathogenic variants. After reviewing each individual case, the final diagnosis was child abuse for 34 cases (77%), and additional radiographic and laboratory studies did not identify any with inherited metabolic predisposition to fracture or rickets. We conclude that routine testing for OI in the setting of child abuse when no other suggestive clinical findings are present has a low yield. A careful review of the medical history and a detailed clinical evaluation help identify those at risk for genetic alterations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A rare MeCP2_e1 mutation first described in a male patient with severe neonatal encephalopathy
Authors: Soffer Omri David , Sidlow Richard
Published: April 2016

Specific mutations in MECP2 cause Rett syndrome (RTT) in females whereas other mutations in the same gene cause several other syndromes in males, including X‐linked intellectual disability (with and without spasticity) (OMIM 300055) and X‐linked intellectual disability due to increased dosage of MECP2 (OMIM 300260). Males can also manifest an entity known as MECP2‐related severe neonatal encephalopathy whose mutations are identical to those in females with RTT. We describe here the first case of MECP2‐related severe neonatal encephalopathy caused by a mutation in exon one of MECP2, a mutation rarely identified in females with RTT. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genome stability: What we have learned from cohesinopathies
Authors: Cucco Francesco , Musio Antonio
Published: April 2016

Cohesin is a multiprotein complex involved in many DNA‐related processes such as proper chromosome segregation, replication, transcription, and repair. Mutations in cohesin gene pathways are responsible for human diseases, collectively referred to as cohesinopathies. In addition, both cohesin gene expression dysregulation and mutations have been identified in cancer. Cohesinopathy cells are characterized by genome instability (GIN) visualized by a constellation of markers such as chromosome aneuploidies, chromosome aberrations, precocious sister chromatid separation, premature centromere separation, micronuclei formation, and sensitivity to genotoxic drugs. The emerging picture suggests that GIN observed in cohesinopathies may result from the synergistic effects of the multiple cohesin dysfunctions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.