bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response of SDO/HMI Observables to Heating of the Solar Atmosphere by Precipitating High-energy Electrons
Authors: Sadykov Viacheslav M. , Kosovichev Alexander G. , Kitiashvili Irina N. , Kerr Graham S.
Published: April 2020

We perform an analysis of the line-of-sight (LOS) observables of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) for models of the solar atmosphere heated by precipitating high-energy electrons during solar flares. The radiative hydrodynamic (RADYN) flare models are obtained from the F-CHROMA database. The Stokes profiles for the Fe 6173 Å line observed by SDO/HMI are calculated using the radiative transfer code RH1.5D, assuming statistical equilibrium for atomic level populations, and imposing uniform background vertical magnetic fields of various strengths. The SDO/HMI observing sequence and LOS data processing pipeline algorithm are applied to derive the observables (continuum intensity, line depth, Doppler velocity, LOS magnetic field). Our results reveal that the strongest deviations of the observables from the actual spectroscopic line parameters are found for the model with a total energy deposited of E
total = 1.0 × 1012 erg cm−2, injected with a power-law spectral index of δ = 3 above a low-energy cutoff of E

c
 = 25 keV. The magnitudes of the velocity and magnetic field deviations depend on the imposed magnetic field, and can reach 0.35 km s−1 for LOS velocities, 90 G for LOS magnetic field, and 3% for continuum enhancement for the 1000 G imposed LOS magnetic field setup. For E
total ≥ 3.0 × 1011 erg cm−2 models, the velocity and magnetic field deviations are most strongly correlated with the energy flux carried by ∼50 keV electrons, and the continuum enhancement is correlated with the synthesized ∼55–60 keV hard X-ray photon flux. The relatively low magnitudes of perturbations of the observables and absence of magnetic field sign reversals suggest that the considered RADYN beam heating models augmented with the uniform vertical magnetic field setups cannot explain the strong transient changes found in the SDO/HMI observations.
Ultra-light Dark Matter Is Incompatible with the Milky Way’s Dwarf Satellites
Authors: Safarzadeh Mohammadtaher , Spergel David N.
Published: April 2020

The density profiles of dwarf galaxies are a highly varied set. If the dark matter is an ultra-light particle such as axions, then simulations predict a distinctive and unique profile. If the axion mass is large enough to fit the ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) satellites (

eV), then the models do not fit the density profile of Fornax and Sculptor and are ruled out by more than

confidence. If the axion mass is in the mass range that can fit mass profiles of Fornax and Sculptor dwarf spheroidals, then its extended profile implies enormous masses (

) for the UFDs. These large masses for the UFDS are ruled out by more than

confidence by dynamical friction arguments. The tension would increase further considering star formation histories and stellar masses of the UFDs. Unless future ultra-light dark matter (ULDM) simulations with baryonic feedback show a significant change in the density structure of the halos, the current data is incompatible with the ULDM scenario. Relaxing the slope constraint from classical dwarf galaxies would lead to excluding ULDM with mass less than

.
L’immigration subsaharienne en Tunisie : de la reconnaissance d’un fait social à la création d’un enjeu gestionnaire
Authors: Cassarini Camille
Published: April 2020

L’immigration subsaharienne en Tunisie s’impose depuis 2011 comme nouveau fait social. Si les formes socio-spatiales de cette immigration sont multiples et concernent aussi bien des travailleurs que des étudiants, elle n’en reste pas moins cantonnée à une irrégularité juridique structurelle et à une mise sous silence de la part de l’État. Toutefois, ces populations font l’objet d’une politique de gestion sociale, construite et financée principalement par les organisations internationales et l’Union européenne et mise en œuvre par un ensemble de partenaires humanitaires et associatifs actifs au niveau local. Cet article entend revenir sur les mécanismes ayant construit cette politique de gestion humanitaire et interroge les modalités de sa mise en œuvre. Il contribue ainsi à remettre en débat la « frontière » entretenue entre humanitaire et sécuritaire et propose, à partir du cas tunisien, une réflexion sur l’implication des acteurs humanitaires dans le processus d’externalisation des frontières en Afrique méditerranéenne.
Dynamiques juridiques et politiques autour des mobilités en Afrique méditerranéenne et sahélienne : inspirations, ambitions et contraintes
Authors: Perrin Delphine
Published: April 2020

Au cours des vingt dernières années, l’ensemble des États de l’Afrique méditerranéenne et sahélienne a entrepris de légiférer sur la question des migrations. Les nouvelles mesures juridiques partagent une orientation essentiellement restrictive et répressive des migrations, consistant, sous des formats divers, en l’intensification des sanctions et le développement des infractions liées à la mobilité, sans création de droits ni amélioration de l’accès aux droits pour les migrants, à l’exception récente du Maroc. Si la pression de l’Union européenne sur ces États, qu’elle considère comme des pays d’origine et de transit de migrants lui étant destinés, est déterminante, cette convergence juridique s’inscrit aussi dans un mouvement mondial de politisation, de juridicisation et de sécuritisation des migrations, observée depuis les années 1990. Les dynamiques juridiques autour des migrations en Afrique méditerranéenne et sahélienne reflètent de grandes tendances transversales, telles que l’extension du risque pénal pesant sur les mobilités, l’engagement à les contenir en amont des frontières et l’instrumentalisation de la lutte contre la traite des personnes et le trafic de migrants. En mettant ainsi à mal les circulations pourtant promues dans l’imagerie et les discours africains, ces dynamiques s’inscrivent moins dans une soumission à des injonctions extérieures que dans des ambitions nationales d’intégration et d’élévation dans un ensemble géopolitique régional et mondial. L’article montre aussi que l’irruption et la diffusion de la problématique migratoire dans la région, même sur un canevas se voulant apolitique, créent la politisation et l’inclusion d’un nombre croissant d’acteurs dans ce nouveau champ politique nourri de voix transnationales.
« Black is not thought beautiful ». Entre racisme et ancrage, l’expérience migratoire des Africains à Beyrouth
Authors: Dahdah Assaf
Published: April 2020

À l’instar de bien des métropoles du monde, lorsque l’on évoque la mixité voire le cosmopolitisme dans les villes moyen-orientales, les populations étrangères, qui constituent la main-d’œuvre peu qualifiée, sont exclues des représentations communément véhiculées. À Beyrouth, si les ressortissants originaires d’Afrique de l’Ouest, de l’Est ou de Madagascar sont certes devenus des citadins ordinaires des quartiers périphériques et marginalisés, ils font face au quotidien à une précarité sociale et statutaire, et doivent affronter un racisme s’inscrivant dans une grammaire des hiérarchies ethno-professionnelles qui structurent l’espace urbain et l’ensemble des relations sociales.
Un concept contre-révolutionnaire : la « politique historique » en Pologne
Authors: Łuczewski Michał , Deleixhe Thibault
Published: April 2020

Ce texte entreprend une analyse sémantique du concept de politique historique qui constitue une importante clé de compréhension des transformations sociales de la III e  République de la Pologne et de la modernité en général. Le concept de politique historique fut popularisé à la fin des années 1990 par des intellectuels liés au Club Varsovien de la Critique Historique (WKKP) avant d’obtenir une résonance plus large en tant que l’un des piliers de la révolution sémantique initiée par le parti Droit et Justice dans les années 2003 – 2005. L’expression de l’institutionnalisation de ce concept fut l’ouverture en 2004 du Musée de l’Insurrection de Varsovie dont des membres du WKKP furent les co-auteurs. Le concept de politique historique apparut dans un contexte de critique de la modernité et de rupture caractéristique avec le passé auquel le concept de politique historique préférait le futur. Ce concept avait une dimension moderne : en tendant vers la transformation révolutionnaire du réel, il faisait le choix du futur sans pour autant rompre avec le passé, mais en revenant à lui.
La politique publique de l’Histoire et le « bon changement » en Pologne
Authors: Behr Valentin
Published: April 2020

Cet article est consacré aux évolutions de la politique historique polonaise depuis 2015 et la victoire électorale du parti PiS (Droit et Justice). Il se concentre sur l’Institut de la mémoire nationale (IPN), principal outil de la politique historique. L’article présente d’abord l’histoire erratique de l’IPN et la façon dont les partis politiques investissent cet enjeu de politique publique. Le PiS se distingue ici par sa volonté de capter les ressources de l’IPN à son profit. Dans un second temps, l’article met en évidence les éléments qui attestent d’une évolution de la politique historique dans un sens univoque. C’est notamment le cas pour le thème des « relations polono-juives » au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, avec la révision de la loi sur l’IPN adoptée en 2018 afin de défendre la « réputation » de la Pologne. L’article s’achève sur l’évocation des clivages corporatifs, au sein de la profession des historiens, exacerbés depuis 2015.
Le procès en révision de la condamnation de Jeanne d’Arc (1450-1456) : raisons, obstacles, procédure, résultats
Authors: Contamine Philippe
Published: April 2020

La sentence du tribunal d’inquisition présidée par Pierre Cauchon, évêque de Beauvais, qui livra Jeanne d’Arc au bras séculier, donc au bûcher, fut promulguée à Rouen le 30 mai 1431. Elle fut aussitôt exécutée. Des indices existent montrant que plusieurs, d’emblée, ne crurent pas à la culpabilité de la condamnée. Apparemment, Charles VII ne fut pas de ceux-là. Il fallut attendre 1450 pour qu’enfin il se laissât persuader que son honneur, à lui le roi très chrétien, était engagé. D’où un ensemble de démarches qui aboutit le 7 novembre à l’ouverture d’un procès en révision, et cela sur l’ordre de la papauté. Le cas est exceptionnel dans les annales de l’inquisition médiévale. Deux arguments jouèrent en faveur de la Pucelle : pour le pape, elle avait demandé à se soumettre à son autorité suprême, et pour le roi, elle ne l’avait jamais désavoué. Formellement, on ne savait pas quel en serait le résultat. La révision s’acheva par la sentence du 7 juillet 1456 qui annulait, sans surprise et sans plus, la condamnation de 1431. Jeanne d’Arc et sa famille retrouvaient leur bonne renommée. Et indirectement, l’honneur de Charles VII se voyait restauré, dans une relative discrétion.
L’expertise en écritures dans l’histoire judiciaire : l’affaire Dreyfus
Authors: Chauleur Andrée
Published: April 2020

Lors de l’affaire Dreyfus, vingt-deux experts en écritures ont été convoqués. Au procès de condamnation, quatre des cinq experts en écritures désignés confirment que le bordereau découvert par le service des renseignements est de la main de Dreyfus, qui est alors dégradé et déporté en Guyane le 21 décembre 1895. En 1899, lors du procès en révision devant le conseil de guerre, à Rennes, d’autres experts interviennent et attribuent l’écriture du bordereau à Esterhazy qui a avoué. On voit l’influence qu’exercent le contexte antisémite et la pression de l’Armée sur les experts : l’expertise en écritures est loin d’être une science exacte.
Les Fleurs du Mal de Baudelaire ou l’impossible réhabilitation ?
Authors: Salas Denis
Published: April 2020

Certaines pièces de son recueil Les Fleurs du Mal ayant offensé « la morale publique », Baudelaire sera condamné en 1857 au terme d’un procès mené par le procureur Pinard. Il sera réhabilité par la justice à titre posthume en 1949. Pourtant, on se demandera ici si ce ne sont pas les magistrats plus que le poète qui se rachètent eux-mêmes de cette condamnation peu glorieuse. En un siècle en effet, la postérité a définitivement consacré le portrait du poète maudit dans notre imaginaire collectif. Ainsi, sa condamnation est devenue consubstantielle à sa consécration littéraire. Et sa réhabilitation – au demeurant tardive et ambiguë – ne peut que tomber dans l’oubli.
La réhabilitation judiciaire de Jules Durand : un combat contre l’oubli, pour la mémoire et la vérité
Authors: Castelain Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2020

En rappelant le déroulé des événements concernant Jules Durand, l’association des Amis de Jules Durand s’interroge sur les motifs de sa condamnation à mort en 1910 et sur les circonstances de sa réhabilitation par la Cour de cassation en 1918. Elle entend lutter contre le silence qui a suivi jusqu’à nos jours, celui de la justice, de l’histoire et de la société, afin de construire une mémoire digne d’une entière réhabilitation.
Le « Rapport annuel de la Cour de cassation » par Raymond Lindon, et son évolution
Authors: Denizot Aude
Published: April 2020

Le « Rapport annuel de la Cour de cassation » est institué par un décret du 22 septembre 1967. C’est à Raymond Lindon que l’on confie la tâche de rédiger ce document. Il s’en acquitte avec enthousiasme et brio. Œuvre scientifique, ouvrage de doctrine, tribune politique, panorama de jurisprudence, recueil d’anecdotes…, avec Raymond Lindon, le « Rapport » est bien plus qu’un simple rapport.
Raymond Lindon et les procès de l’Épuration
Authors: Jean Jean-Paul
Published: April 2020

Raymond Lindon (1901-1992) est un magistrat exceptionnel et prolifique, auquel les circonstances ont offert des opportunités rares d’intervenir dans les débats les plus importants de la justice à un moment crucial de son histoire. Avocat juif exclu du Barreau par les lois de Vichy, il intègre la magistrature à la Libération et soutient l’accusation dans des procès emblématiques, dont celui des magistrats ayant composé la section spéciale de la cour d’appel de Paris. Premier avocat général à la Cour de cassation, il a toujours soutenu une conception exigeante du rôle du magistrat du ministère public, exerçant en conscience sa liberté de parole à l’audience.
Learning Curve for the Direct Superior Approach to Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Ezzibdeh Rami M. , Barrett Andrew A. , Arora Prerna , Amanatullah Derek F.
Published: April 2020

Surgical learning curves are a representation of the number of cases required for a surgeon to reach a stable rate of outcomes and complications. In this study, the authors present the learning curve for the direct superior (DS) approach to total hip arthroplasty, which is a muscle-sparing modification to the mini-posterior technique. This was a retrospective analysis of the first 40 primary DS cases done by a single surgeon. These cases were divided into 2 groups of 20 and compared for intra- and postoperative complications, acetabular component positioning, and Harris Hip Score at 90 days after surgery. As a control, the first 20 primary mini-posterior cases were analyzed as the baseline performance of the surgeon and the DS approach. There was no statistically significant difference between the first and second sets of DS patients regarding Harris Hip Score, intraoperative complications, dislocations, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, and components positioned within the Lewinnek safe zone. The only statistically significant difference between the first and second sets of DS cases was a decrease in operating time (
P
<.001). This suggests that the learning curve is less than 20 patients. The results also indicate that the first 20 DS cases ambulated farther (
P
=.007) and had a shorter length of stay (
P
=.007), outperforming the mini-posterior approach. This study suggests that the DS learning curve is short for surgeons trained in the posterior approach. The data could be especially pertinent as 90-day results and safety are becoming increasingly important in evaluating performance for bundled-payment models. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(4):e237–e243.]
Dating of Caves by Cosmogenic Nuclides: Method, Possibilities, and the Siebenhengste Example
Authors: Häuselmann Philipp , Granger Darryl E.
Published: April 2020

Kozmični žarki povzročajo nastanek kozmogenih nuklidov na površini zemlje in tik pod njo. Za datiranje jamskih sedimentov sta posebej pomembna 10Be in 26Al, ki nastajata v kremenu. Ko je kamen na površini in izpostavljen kozmičnemu sevanju, nastajata v stalnem razmerju. Ko ga zanese v podzemlje, se tvorba kozmogenih nuklidov ustavi, nadaljuje pa se njihov radioaktivni razpad. Ker 26 Al razpada hitreje, lahko iz razmerja med njima izračunamo čas, ki je potekel odkar je kremen pod zemljo. Metodo lahko uporabimo na sedimentih, ki so pokopani oziroma v jami med 0.1 in 5 milijoni let. Na ta način lahko v idealnih primerih izračunamo hitrost vrezovanja dolin. Z opisano metodo smo določili starost najstarejših delov sistema Siebenhengste v Švici. Najstarejši sediment je star 4.4 ± 0.6 Ma in nakazuje, da je na tem območju potekalo zakrasevanje že v pliocenu.  Cosmic rays produce nuclides at and near the Earthʼs surface. 10Be and 26Al in quartz are of particular interest for dating cave sediments. These two nuclides are produced at the surface at a fixed ratio. If the quartz is carried from the surface into a cave, the sediment is shielded from additional cosmogenic nuclide production, and the inherited 10Be and 26Al decay radioactively. Because 26Al decays more rapidly than 10Be, the ratio of these two nuclides indicates the time since the sediment was washed underground. The burial dating method can be applied to sediments in the age range of approximately 0.1 to 5 Ma. In ideal cases, we get information about valley lowering rates. If the provenance of the sediment is known, averaged erosion rates of the source area can be estimated. The oldest cave phases of the Siebenhengste system, Switzerland, were dated using cosmogenic nuclides. The oldest sediment is 4.4 ± 0.6 Ma and thus indicates Pliocene karstification of the Siebenhengste.
Speleogenesis of the “Buco dei Vinchi” inactive swallow hole (Monte Croara karst sub-area, Bologna, Italy), an outstanding example of antigravitative erosion (or “paragenesis”) in selenitic gypsum. An outline of the “post-antigravitative erosion”
Authors: Pasini Giancarlo
Published: April 2020

Inactive swallow hole Buco dei Vinchi developed along a plane dividing selenitic gypsum stratum and an underlying shale interlayer, mostly by antigravitative erosion and by post-antigravitative erosion. It formed through six speleogenetic phases starting from a phreatic phase followed by several antigravitative erosion (= paragenetic) and post-antigravitative erosion phases and vadose phase. During first antigravitative erosion phase, the phreatic protoconduits evolved into small antigravitative conduits with typical cross-section in shape of an inversed U or a bulb. At the end of this phase the small antigravitative conduits converged and merged together in successive stages to form ever-bigger conduits, until – at a certain point – most of them flowed into a single, much wider antigravitative conduit, which later evolved into a composite conduit. Wwe demonstrate that the subhorizontal flat ceilings are not a characteristic feature of the antigravitative passages tout court – as claimed by most authors –, but instead they evolved in caves during periods when the piezometric surface was tangent to the vault of the cave (post-antigravitative erosion phenomenon). Thus these flat ceilings are traces of ‘paleo-piezometric surfaces’; moreover these flat ceilings, being sub-horizontal originally, can provide important information on possible tectonic movements or breakdowns occurred after their formation. The possible ages of the karstic phenomena in the selenitic gypsum near Bologna are discussed. This paper points out that the Buco dei Vinchi and the Cava a Filo swallow holes, presently located in “topographic highs”, were very probably in “topographic lows” at the time of their hydrologic activity, and that this is evidence of a relief inversion started at least 127,000 years ago. Therefore the beginning of the first karstic phenomena in the Bologna karst area is much older than this date. It is explained why the absolute altimetrical lowering of the Monte Croara karst sub-area (with respect to the present sea level) should be of about – 0.39 mm/year.
An assessment of capacity of Brestovica – Klariči karst water supply (Slovenia)
Authors: Urbanc Janko , Mezga Kim , Zini Luca
Published: April 2020

In August 2008 an intensive pumping experiment was carried out in order to assess the capacity of Brestovica – Klarici water supply in summer conditions, and its chemical quality. Groundwater was pumped for a period of 30 days, from three wells at the Klarici pumping station, and from well B-10/06, with a common capacity of 470 L/s. The fact that pumping caused a decrease in the water table in well B-10/06 by only 17 cm at a pumping rate of 265 L/s suggests that larger quantities of groundwater could be pumped from this well. The tracer experiment, performed at the B-10/06 temporary pipeline discharge area, showed that no pumped water was returned to the area of the exploited wells during the pumping test. Tracer uranine, which had been injected at the effluent from the pumped water from the well, was detected only at the Sardos Spring. The intensive pumping resulted in changes in the chemical and isotopic composition of oxygen in the water, due to a greater impact of the water from the intergranular SocaRiver aquifer on the karst aquifer.The chemical quality of groundwater from well B-10/06 is adequate for the purpose of drinking water supply. The presence of bacteria in groundwater is typical of karst aquifers and the water needs to be disinfected for further use.Keywords: groundwater, Classical Karst, Brestovica – Klariči aquifer, pumping test, tracer test, geochemical analysis.
Characterization of the vadose flow and its influence on the functioning of karst springs: Case study of the karst system near Postojna, Slovenia
Authors: Kogovšek Janja , Petrič Metka
Published: April 2020

In three selected drips in the Postojna cave in SWw Slovenia and in the nearby Korentan spring, which in general belongs to the same karst aquifer, the discharge and electrical conductivity were measured at 15-minute intervals. Simultaneously, the meteorological parameters in Postojna were measured and the effective infiltration was assessed. The data obtained in the period of one hydrological year, 2003–2004, was compared in order to study the influence of the vadose flow on the characteristics of groundwater flow in a karst system and on the functioning of a karst spring. The highest discharges of the Korentan spring are the result of the inflow of water through a hierarchy of fissures of various permeabilities within the vadose zone, but the contribution of stored water from low-permeability zones is especially important. One of our most significant findings is that in the conditions of high saturation of the vadose zone, the network of small fissures is hydraulically connected, which enables an integral reaction of the system to the pressure pulse induced by infiltrated precipitation. On the other hand, a detailed comparison of effective infiltration and discharge indicates that in dry periods with a lower saturation of the vadose zone, the infiltrated precipitation is mainly stored in the system and only the most permeable fissures enable a rapid transfer of the recharge impulses toward the spring. Data on measured discharge and conductivity were additionally compared in order to study the complex conditions of the actual mass flow of water through the system.Key words: karst aquifer, vadose zone, Postojna Cave, Korentan spring, Slovenia
Tonemski naglasni tipi glagola v (knjižni) slovenščini
Authors: Šekli Matej
Published: April 2020

V članku so obravnavani tonemski naglasni tipi glagola v (knjižni) slovenščini tako s sinhronega kot z diahronega gledišča. Sinhroni pogled podaja naglasne vzorce posameznih glagolskih vrst in razredov. Diahroni vidik posamezni glagolski obliki določa njeno praslovansko izhodišče. Obravnava izhaja iz knjižno jezikovnega gradiva, kije dopolnjeno z narečnim predvsem v primeru, da slednje izkazuje starejše jezikovno stanje.
Barve in njihova simbolika v kulturi in jeziku
Authors: Čeh Steger Jožica
Published: April 2020

Razprava izhaja iz semiotične določitve simbola, predstavi vlogo barv v kulturi in jeziku ter analizira simboliko barv v različnih semiotičnih sistemih kulture in frazemih kot pomembnem segmentu slovenskegajezika. Pri ugotavljanju simbolnih pomenov barv v slovenskih frazemih je vzpostavljeno razlikovanje med dobesedno, metaforično, metonimično in simbolno vlogo barv.
Istroromunski kromonimi
Authors: Filipi Goran
Published: April 2020

V prispevku so obravnavana poimenovanja barv v istroromunskih govorih v Istri. Obdelanih je 14 kromonimov (poleg njih še nekateri pojmi, ki so na kakršen koli način povezani z določeno barvo). Besedje je bilo zbrano v zadnjih dvajsetih letih (večji del je, kot gradivo, objavljen v IrLA). Poleg istroromunskih terminov, ki jih je avtor sam zabeležil, se dosledno navajajo tudi oblike iz istroromunskih slovarjev in glosarjev.
O narečni osnovi jezika Celovškega ali Rateškega rokopisa ter o izvoru oblike seydi
Authors: Šekli Matej
Published: April 2020

V članku je na podlagi obravnave značilnosti glasovnega sestava jezika Celovškega ali Rateškega rokopisa (1362–90) določena njegova genetskojezikovna pripadnost, tj. narečna osnova. Nadalje je s pomočjo filološke primerjave besedila apostolske vere s starovisokonemškim izvirnikom podana tudi nova interpretacija izvora glagolske oblike seydi. Razpravi je na koncu dodana še glasovna in naglasna rekonstrukcija besedil.
Główne typy strukturalno-semantyczne rzeczowników złożonych w dialektach polskich
Authors: Grochola-Szczepanek Helena
Published: April 2020

V članku so najpomembnejše informacije o zgradbi in semantiki zloženih samostalnikov v poljskih narečjih. Pri opisu tipov zloženk so bili upoštevani naslednji kriteriji: 1) slovnične lastnosti členov zloženk, 2) razdelitev na prave zloženke in zrastke, 3) vrsta formantov, 4) razdelitev na priredne in nadrejeno-podredne strukture, 5) razdelitev na endocentrične in egzocentrične zloženke.
Analiza pojma jezikovna slika sveta v zgodovini jezikoslovnih idej – primer determinizma v jezikoslovju
Authors: Uhlik Mladen
Published: April 2020

Prispevek analizira pojem »jezikovna slika sveta«, raziskuje njegovo genezo v zgodovini jezikoslovnih idej ter obravnava njegove metodološka in ideološka izhodišča. Poskušamo dokazati, da trditev o jezikovni sliki sveta, ki je popularna med nekaterimi preučevalci ruskega jezika, predstavlja primer determinizma v jezikoslovju.
Ob simpoziju Dnevi Maksa Pleteršnika: Od Megiserja do elektronske izdaje Pleteršnikovega slovarja (11.–12. 9. 2007) – Pripomba k referatu Nanike Holz in Simona Kreka Je v slovenščini kaj novega?
Authors: Gložančev Alenka , Kostanjevec Polona
Published: April 2020

Ob simpoziju Dnevi Maksa Pleteršnika: Od Megiserja do elektronske izdaje Pleteršnikovega slovarja (11.–12. 9. 2007) – Pripomba k referatu

Nanike Holz in Simona Kreka Je v slovenščini kaj novega?
Poglavje o etimologiji – oblikoslovnem in besedotvornem pregibanju besed – v treh slovenskih slovnicah (1715, 1755, 1758)
Authors: Ahačič Kozma
Published: April 2020

Prispevek obravnava poglavje o oblikoslovnem in besedotvornem pregibanju besed (etimologiji) v treh predelavah Bohoričeve slovnice: Hipolitovi iz leta 1715, rokopisni iz leta 1755 in celovški iz leta 1758. Analiza kaže, da pri vseh treh predelavah ne gre za malenkostne popravke, ampak da prinašajo izpuščeni in dodani deli v teh slovnicah zanimiv vpogled v tedanjo slovničarsko misel. Med dodanimi deli je še posebej opazno Hipolitovo poglavje o nepravilnih glagolih, od drugih sprememb pa poglavje o tvorjenih lastnih imenih v vseh treh slovnicah ter nedoslednosti pri prevajanju besedila iz latinščine v nemščino v celovški slovnici iz leta 1758.
Črnovrški pridevnik pojertek ‘požrešen’ v slovarju Ivana Tominca
Authors: Furlan Metka
Published: April 2020

V črnovrškem pridevniku, ki ga je Ivan Tominec poknjižil v pojertek ‘požrešen’, se ohranja do zdaj še neprepoznana izposojenka iz bavarske fonetične predloge, ki ustreza novovisokonemškemu pridevniku begierdig ‘poželjiv, željen’.
Pomen in obseg oznak za jezikovne različice v okviru informacijske tehnologije
Authors: Steenwijk Han
Published: April 2020

Najprej so predstavljena različna merila in obsegi jezikovnih kod, ki so registrirane pri ISO 639-1, 639-2, 639-3 in 639-6. Potem sta predstavljena RFC 5646 in 4647, kar naj bi razložilo, kako se lahko oblikujejo pravilne oznake za jezikovne različice. Nazadnje je ponujen povzetek zadeve o vložitvi prošnje o kodi za rezijanščino.
Različni tipi besedotvornih morfemov pri današnjih slovenskih tvorjenkah
Authors: Stramljič Breznik Irena
Published: April 2020

Prispevek obravnava po pogostnosti opazne zloženke s prevzetim sufiksoidom -mat. Na podlagi gradiva slovenskega referenčnega korpusa FidaPLUS so predstavljene njihove tvorbene in sestavinske značilnosti, ki kažejo na to, da so tvorjenke ali v celoti prevzete ali pa so rezultat hibridne tvorbe. S tvorbenega in pragmatičnega vidika se uvrščajo tako med potencialno kot tudi okazionalno leksiko.
Littoral Material with v from b within a Broader Slovenian and Slavic Context
Authors: Furlan Metka
Published: April 2020

This article uses examples from the Littoral dialect group that have the phoneme/ grapheme v in place of etymological b in order to determine that sporadic cases of the multidirectional substitution v ⇄ b (e.g., Littoral vedríca ‘hip’ ← *bedrica : Prekmurje grìba ‘mane’ ← gríva), which can be observed quite broadly throughout Slovenian territory, are the remnants of what was probably already the Proto-Slavic (dialect) operative free alternation  ⇄ ƀ.
The category of animacy in the local dialects of the lower Dreta Valley
Authors: Weiss Peter
Published: April 2020

In the local dialects of the lower Dreta Valley (between Gornji Grad and Nazarje), which belong to the Upper Savinja dialect group, the set of animate nouns is larger than in standard Slovenian.
Street Poetry in Interaction with (Living) Language
Authors: Kusterle Jernej
Published: April 2020

In the 1970s a new musical genre called rap appeared in the United States, continuing the tradition of rock and punk music. In about twenty years, this new form of protest poetry created global sociolinguistic changes because its presence helped shape a special social group with a special lexicon and grammar. Rap uses both standard and colloquial vocabulary and syntax. Its traditional origin in poor black urban neighborhoods justifies the use of the term street poetry.
Timing of Hungarian Loanwords into Standard Prekmurje Slovenian
Authors: Dudás Előd
Published: April 2020

This article focuses on Slavic-Hungarian and Hungarian-Prekmurje language contacts. It also presents some specific Hungarian loanwords from various terminological groups. The main part of the article examines the timing of Hungarian loanwords into standard Prekmurje Slovenian. The phonological and semantic shifts in medieval Hungarian that are preserved in certain words borrowed from Hungarian into standard Prekmurje Slovenian can help determine the time of borrowing individual loanwords.
Tržiški slovar
Authors: Bokal Ljudmila
Published: April 2020

Tržiški slovar: slovarček starih tržiških pogovornih besed, ur. David Ahačič, Boris Kuburič,Tržič: Zveza kulturnih organizacij, 2012, 50 str.
Feminativi na Pohorju
Authors: Jež Marija
Published: April 2020

Raziskava podaja besedotvorna razmerja, ki se kažejo pri m modifikacijski tvorbi feminativov iz moškospolskih besedotvornih podstav; narejena je na primerih hišnih imen in priimkov na Pohorju, posebej na področju južnopohorskega narečja, in podaja zemljepisno razširjenost feminativnih priponskih obrazil.
Javnozdravstveni terminološki glosar
Authors: Bokal Ljudmila
Published: April 2020

Članek razčlenjuje Javnozdravstveni terminološki glosar glede na določena slovaropisna načela. Ne glede na nekaj pomanjkljivosti je to slovaropisno delo velik prispevek k obstoječim medicinskim slovarjem.
Raziskovanje slovenske frazeologije: živalski nazivi v frazeologemih
Authors: Keber Janez
Published: April 2020

V članku obravnava avtor pojavljanje in menjavanje živalskih nazivov v pomensko enakih, ustreznih ali sorodnih frazeologemih v slovenskem in drugih evropskih jezikih. Za izhodišče mu služi lastno delo Živali v prispodobah 1, 2 (1996, 1998).
Pet zvezkov ALE
Authors: Nartnik Vlado
Published: April 2020

Izdelava narečjeslovnih atlasov posameznih evropskih jezikov, predvsem c/s romanskih in germanskih, sega še v prejšnje stoletje.
Zahodnoslovensko krgíšče
Authors: Furlan Metka
Published: April 2020

Zahodni dialektizem krgišče se razlaga iz križišče s prekozložno disimilacijo po zapori ž : š —» g : š.
“Not the usual way?” On the involvement of an East German couple with the planning of the Ethiopian capital
Authors: Motylińska Monika , Phan Phuong
Published: April 2020

This article examines the Ethiopian chapter in the careers of Peter and Ute Baumbach, prominent architects from the German Democratic Republic (gdr), by analyzing their previously (mostly) unpublished plans and drawings as well as oral history. In line with Łukasz Stanek‘s investigation of the architectures of mondialisation, we combine reflections gathered in the course of research on the mobility of East German architects in an effort to broaden the scope of knowledge about the circulation of planning practices between the “Second World” and the “Global South,” embedded in complex Cold War economic and political contexts. While analyzing Baumbachs’ activities, we confront their narrative with the historiography of urban planning in Ethiopia, where we investigate links and disconnections stated by the protagonists themselves or those traceable in the sources. Using first-person accounts as a starting point for an investigation into developments that in many ways escape the conventional historical record, the story of the East German couple’s involvement in Addis also allows us to reflect on the limitations and biases as well as the benefits of oral history approaches, for further research in the history of architecture and planning beyond Europe.
The Architectural Production of India’s Everyday Modernism: Middle-class Housing in Pune, (1960-1980)
Authors: Melsens Sarah , Bertels Inge , Srivastava Amit
Published: April 2020

The large-scale appropriation of modernist architectural features in everyday housing projects in postcolonial India is remarkable. This article examines how regional architects adapted their engagement with architectural modernism to the evolving circumstances of architectural production within the context of the developing world. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s “field theory”, it presents a detailed case study of two decades of residential work by Architects United, a medium-scale architectural practice founded in the Indian city of Pune in 1961. While the architects’ earliest projects demonstrated an opportunity and desire for architectural innovation, this approach became increasingly restricted as new patterns for housing provision emerged, resulting in a more subdued and hybrid form of modernist architecture. The paper makes use of the architects’ previously undisclosed archive and oral history to demonstrate that these architectural adaptations were the indirect result of governance practices and societal change, particularly the government’s stimulation of co-operative housing initiatives and the emergence of a postcolonial middle class with distinct housing expectations. As such, this “peripheral” case exposes some of the processes that have been overlooked in the rhetoric of Architectural Modernism as a Western import in India, which is primarily centered around the discussion of exceptional public building commissions by “global experts” or their Indian disciples. The paper further highlights the need to investigate the processes of architectural production, in addition to the built product itself, so that a pluralistic rather than romanticized understanding of architectural practice may emerge.
“Dear Comrade,” or Exile in a Communist World: Resistance, Feminism, and Urbanism in Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky’s Work in China (1934/1956)
Authors: Hochhäusl Sophie
Published: April 2020

In the 1930s and the 1950s China recruited thousands of foreign "experts” to consult on programs to modernize the country. Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky (1897–2000), an Austrian architect and postwar member of the Communist Party, was invited to participate in these programs in both periods. Today Schütte-Lihotzky has been canonized in this history of architecture for her interwar contributions to modern housing and educational institutions in Austria, Germany, the Soviet Union, and Turkey. Recent scholarship has shown, however, that both, her architectural and political efforts, spanned more than eight decades. Schütte-Lihotzky was actively involved in the Austrian Communist Resistance in the 1940s, as well as the Austrian women’s movement, the international peace movement, and transnational architectural organizations such as the International Congress of Modern Architecture (ciam), and the Union of International Architects (uia) in the postwar years. By focusing on two extended research trips Schütte-Lihotzky made to China in 1934 and 1956, this essay positions her work in a wider discourse about the agency of female architects as well as the networks of communist intellectuals during the Cold War. It presents Schütte-Lihotzky’s endeavors in China as a lens for examining the complex entanglements of gender, class, and ethnicity in international women’s organizations as well as instances of “othering” perpetuated by European architects who served as foreign “experts” abroad. Finally, the essay also argues that Schütte-Lihotzky’s travel coincided with moments of China’s effort to build relationships with countries abroad. While her book manuscript Millionenstädte Chinas, completed in 1958, thus serves as a document chronicling these exchanges in design culture, at the time Schütte-Lihotzky understood it as a preparatory text for devising a global architectural history written from a communist vantage point.
The Philosophy of African Logic
Authors: Chimakonam Jonathan O.
Published: April 2020

The chapter aims to do two things: 1) a rigorous presentation of philosophy of African logic and 2) to do this from the perspective of Ezumezu (an African) logic. The chapter will proceed by defining the three aspects of Ezumezu logic namely: 1) as a formal system, 2) as methodology, and 3) as a philosophy of African logic. My inquiry in this work primarily is with the philosophy of African logic but it will also cut across formal logic and methodology in addition. In the first section, I will attempt to show how the cultural influence behind the formulation of the principles of African logic justifies such a system as relative on the one hand, and how the cross-cultural applications justify it as universal on the other. I believe that this is where African philosophical assessment of African logic ought to begin because most critics of the idea of African logic agitate that an African system of logic, if it is ever possible, must necessarily lack the tincture of universal applicability. Afterwards, I will narrow my inquiry down to the African philosophy appraisal of African logic with an example of Ezumezu system. This focus is especially critical because it purveys a demonstration of a prototype system of an African logic. In the section on some principles of Ezumezu logic, I will attempt to accomplish the set goal of this chapter by presenting and discussing some principles of Ezumezu logic which I had formulated in earlier works in addition to formulating a few additional ones. The interesting thing to note here is that these principles are/will all (be) articulated from the African background ontology. I will conclude by throwing further light on the merits, nature and promises of an African logic tradition.
Politics of Belonging
Authors: Dube Thembani
Published: April 2020

The Kalanga occupy the south-western parts of Zimbabwe, their larger concentration is in modern-day Bulilimamangwe district although some clusters of Kalanga people are distributed throughout Kezi, Gwanda and Tsholotsho districts, among other areas, west of Zimbabwe. The chapter acknowledges that Kalanga identities in pre-colonial Zimbabwean society were multiple, however, it mainly focusses on Kalanga religion (the Mwali/Ngwali Cult) and Kalanga language and demonstrates how these pre-colonial Kalanga forms of identities were later politicised and (re) interpreted and manipulated by colonialists, missionaries and Africans in an endeavour to construct Kalanga ethnic identity. The main purpose of the chapter is to present and reflect on selected Kalanga precolonial forms of identities and show how these were used to (re) construct the Kalanga ethnic identity in colonial Zimbabwe. The chapter further argues that identities are not fixed primordial phenomenon but are constructed and reconstructed over the longee durree using precolonial forms of identities such as language and religion.
Elections, Politics, Democracy, and the Challenge of Sustainable Development in Africa
Authors: Afolabi Olugbemiga Samuel
Published: April 2020

The chapter conceptualized elections, politics, and democracy; showed the nexus among these variables; and established the link between them and sustainable development. Elections as key components of democracy are examined as a factor to engendering sustainable development. The chapter also appraises the concept of sustainable development as a construct of Western powers and its promotion as a liberal ideology as an appraisal of a cross section of countries within the African continent. Furthermore, the chapter discusses elections, politics, and the trend of the emerging democracy in Africa towards sustainable development with facts and figures. The chapter in conclusion examines factors that have shaped and is shaping elections, politics, democracy, and sustainable development in Africa and thereafter recommends policy options that would engender credible elections, inclusive politics, and participation and development that is home grown and sustainable across the African continent.
Foreign Aid to Africa
Authors: Kakuba Sultan Juma
Published: April 2020

The main objective of this chapter is to provide evidence that foreign Aid to African countries is a barricade to their sustainable development. Both modernisation and Dependency theorists' suggestions have failed to spawn socio-economic and political development in African countries. Complexity theory may provide a better understanding of the linkage between foreign aid and the socio-economic and political underdevelopment. The current foreign aid given to African sovereign states by donor or developed countries seems to perpetuate underdevelopment. In fact, Foreign Aid to most of African countries has not adequately addressed its problems; rather it has succeeded in keeping most of African countries dependent on foreign aid and in the state of underdevelopment. Using both quantitative and qualitative document analysis of records on foreign Aid to Africa reveals that foreign Aid in and out of itself is not a bad thing, it is among those many important resource inputs, which operate in many African countries which if paved with good intention could bring about sustainable socio-economic and political development in Africa.
Corrections and Punishment Approaches in South Africa
Authors: Bezuidenhout Christiaan , Booyens Karen
Published: April 2020

In this chapter, the authors focus on corrections and punishment in South Africa by drawing from the historical background of corrections to current punishment approaches. The different punishment eras are described ranging from the Colonial Era to Apartheid and finally Democratization. Within each of these eras the punishment philosophy is discussed. The authors then proceed with a discussion of current punishment approaches, which include incapacitation, retribution, rehabilitation and deterrence, with the last two approaches being applied to the South African context. Regarding deterrence, minimum sentence legislation is used as an example to illustrate how long term imprisonment may deter people from committing crime. However, the consequence of such a punishment approach is the overcrowding of prisons. Rehabilitation of offenders is discussed from the viewpoint of nothing works to what works and includes a description of rehabilitation programs and the introduction of victim-offender-dialogues in South African prisons.
Effect of Backrest Elevation on the Development of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Grap Mary Jo , Munro Cindy L. , Hummel Russell S. , Elswick R.K. , McKinney Jessica L. , Sessler Curtis N.
Published: April 2020

• Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a common complication of mechanical ventilation. Backrest position and time spent supine are critical risk factors for aspiration, increasing the risk for pneumonia. Empirical evidence of the effect of backrest positions on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, especially during mechanical ventilation over time, is limited.

• Objective To describe the relationship between backrest elevation and development of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

• Methods A nonexperimental, longitudinal, descriptive design was used. The Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score was used to determine ventilator-associated pneumonia. Backrest elevation was measured continuously with a transducer system. Data were obtained from laboratory results and medical records from the start of mechanical ventilation up to 7 days.

• Results Sixty-six subjects were monitored (276 patient days). Mean backrest elevation for the entire study period was 21.7°. Backrest elevations were less than 30° 72% of the time and less than 10° 39% of the time. The mean Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score increased but not significantly, and backrest elevation had no direct effect on mean scores. A model for predicting the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score at day 4 included baseline score, percentage of time spent at less than 30° on study day 1, and score on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, explaining 81% of the variability (F=7.31, P=.003).

• Conclusions Subjects spent the majority of the time at backrest elevations less than 30°. Only the combination of early, low backrest elevation and severity of illness affected the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia.