bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Types of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Stimuli‐Responsive Theranostic Nanoplatforms
Authors: Wang Shuren , Hou Yanglong
Published: November 2023

Magnetic nanomaterials have played a crucial role in promoting the application of nanotechnology in the biomedical field. Although conventional magnetic nanomaterials such as iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are used as biosensors, drug delivery vehicles, diagnostic and treatment agents for several diseases, the persistent pursuit of high‐performance technologies has prompted researchers to continuously develop new types of magnetic nanomaterials such as iron carbide NPs. Considering their potential application in biomedicine, magnetic NPs responsive to exogenous or endogenous stimuli are developed, thereby enhancing their applicability in more complex versatile scenarios. In this review, the synthesis and surface modification of magnetic NPs are focused, particularly iron carbide NPs. Subsequently, exogenous and endogenous stimuli‐responsive magnetic NP‐based theranostic platforms are introduced, particularly focusing on nanozyme‐based technologies and magnetic NP‐mediated immunotherapy, which are emerging stimuli‐responsive treatments. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of magnetic NPs to accelerate future research in this field are discussed.
Supramolecular Sidechain Topology Mediated Pseudo‐Nanophase Separation Engineering for High‐Performance Redox Flow Battery Membranes
Authors: Xiong Ping , Li Aimin , Xiao Sisi , Jiang Yunqi , Peng Sangshan , He Qing
Published: November 2023

Pseudo‐nanophase separation enabled by supramolecular‐interaction‐grafted sidechains proves a promising alternative for constructing high‐performance commercially viable membranes with quick ion transport, excellent chemical stability, and simplified membrane manufacturing. Nonetheless, the concept of pseudo‐nanophase separation is still in nuce, and determinants for controlling pseudo‐nanophase separation remain somewhat opaque. In this contribution, supramolecular sidechain topology is found critical to engineering pseudo‐nanophase separation. Three supramolecular sidechain topological (viz. linear, branched, and cyclic) structures are investigated using experimental and theoretical protocols, and the underlying mechanisms by which supramolecular sidechain topology alters the microstructure and ion‐conducting behaviors of the membranes are proposed. Consequently, the cyclic sidechain‐mediated membrane achieves the highest proton conductivity with an area resistance as low as 0.10 Ω cm2. The resulting membrane endows an acidic aqueous redox flow battery with an energy efficiency of up to 80.7% even at high current densities of 220 mA cm−2, breaking the record set by the pseudo‐nanophase separation strategy constructed membranes and ranking among the highest values ever documented. This study advances the understanding of supramolecular sidechain topology for the design and preparation of high‐performance membranes via pseudo‐nanophase separation engineering for flow batteries and beyond.
Leveraging the Proximity and Distribution of Cu−Cs Sites for Direct Conversion of Methanol to Esters/Aldehydes
Authors: Chen Wenyao , Zuo Ji , Sang Keng , Qian Gang , Zhang Jing , Chen De , Zhou Xinggui , Yuan Weikang , Duan Xuezhi
Published: November 2023

Methanol serves as a versatile building‐block for various commodity chemicals, and the development of industrially promising strategies for its conversion remains the ultimate goal in methanol chemistry. In this study, we design a dual Cu−Cs catalytic system that enables a one‐step direct conversion of methanol and methyl acetate/ethanol into high value‐added esters/aldehydes, with customized chain length and saturation by leveraging the proximity and distribution of Cu−Cs sites. Cu−Cs at a millimeter‐scale intimacy triggers methanol dehydrogenation and condensation, involving proton transfer, aldol formation, and aldol condensation, to obtain unsaturated esters and aldehydes with selectivities of 76.3 % and 31.1 %, respectively. Cu−Cs at a micrometer‐scale intimacy significantly promotes mass transfer of intermediates across catalyst interfaces and their subsequent hydrogenation to saturated esters and aldehydes with selectivities of 67.6 % and 93.1 %, respectively. Conversely, Cu−Cs at a nanometer‐scale intimacy alters reaction pathway with a similar energy barrier for the rate‐determining step, but blocks the acidic‐basic sites and diverts the reaction to byproducts. More importantly, an unprecedented quadruple tandem catalytic production of methyl methacrylate (MMA) is achieved by further tailoring Cu and Cs distribution across the reaction bed in the configuration of Cu−Cs||Cs, outperforming the existing industrial processes and saving at least 15 % of production costs.
Characterization of polyhydroxybutyrate production from Halomonas titanicaeKHS3 and manufacturing of electrosprayed nanoparticles
Authors: Rodríguez Ailén N. , Escobar Mariana , Redersdorff Ingrid E. , Studdert Claudia A. , Abraham Gustavo A. , Cortez Tornello Pablo R. , Herrera Seitz M. Karina
Published: November 2023

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biopolymers accumulated by a diversity of bacterial strains as carbon and energy reserve when grown under unbalanced nutritional conditions. Among the wide spectrum of applications for these biopolymers, the generation of nano and microparticles has drawn huge attention. PHA nanoparticles showed a high surface‐to‐volume ratio that makes them interesting for pharmaceutical uses. Bacteria from the Halomonas genus became interesting tools for biopolymer production in the last years, due to its metabolic plasticity that allows them to grow in a wide spectrum of compounds and salt concentrations. Halomonas titanicae KHS3 was previously isolated based on their ability to grow using aromatic hydrocarbons as the sole carbon source. In this work, the novelty lies in the evaluation of PHA accumulation by H. titanicae KHS3. Accumulation was successfully observed and thoroughly characterized on various carbon sources. Irrespective of the carbon source employed for growth, our experimental conditions consistently yielded PHB as the sole material identified. The truly intriguing aspect of this study is that PHB solutions in glacial acetic acid demonstrated exceptional suitability for electrospraying processing. This groundbreaking development led to the creation of nanoparticles with unique characteristics that hold immense promise for a wide range of applications.
Tailoring Chiral Discotic Liquid Crystals: Mesophase Engineering through Alternative Approaches and Chain Lengths
Authors: Maity Madhusudan , Bala Indu , Kanakala Madhu Babu , Gupta Santosh Prasad , Yelamaggad C. V. , Pal Santanu Kumar
Published: November 2023

Hydrogen (H)‐bonding is crucial in constructing superstructures in chemical (such as chiral discotic liquid crystals (DLCs)) as well as in biological systems due to its specific and directional nature. In this context, we achieved the successful synthesis of two branches of heptazine‐based H‐bonded complexes using distinct strategies. Hpz*‐Es‐Cn, we incorporated chiral alkyl tails (Hpz‐chiral) onto the central C3 symmetric heptazine core, connected to achiral benzoic acid derivatives (Es‐Cn acid) through H‐bonding. In Hpz‐Es‐Cn‐acid*, we used an achiral heptazine derivative (Hpz‐Es‐Cn) linked to a chiral acid via H‐bonding. On the other hand, based on the DSC results, we observed that Hpz*‐Es‐Cn complexes exhibited three distinct phases, whereas Hpz‐Es‐Cn‐acid* complexes displayed only a single mesophase. In polarized optical microscopy (POM) observations, all the complexes displayed birefringence at room temperature, with the color of the POM images changing as the temperature varied. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies at lower temperatures confirmed that Hpz*‐Es‐C8 exhibited the columnar rectangular (Colr) phase, while Hpz*‐Es‐C10/12 exhibited the columnar oblique (Colob) phase. However, all the H‐bonded complexes exhibited the columnar hexagonal (Colh) phase at higher temperatures. The chiroptical spectra recorded by Circular dichroism (CD) highlight the specific observations in the columnar phase of two complexes, Hpz*‐Es‐C10 and Hpz*‐Es‐C12. This behavior has potential applications in various fields, including sensors, displays, and responsive materials.
The mutational pattern of homologous recombination repair genes in urothelial carcinoma and its correlation with immunotherapeutic response
Authors: Chen Junru , Tang Yanfeng , Liu Huanhuan , Sun Guangxi , Liu Haoyang , Zhao Junjie , Wang Zilin , Zhang Yanrui , Lou Feng , Cao Shanbo , Qin Jiayue , Wang Huina , Liao Banghua , Zeng Hao
Published: November 2023

Background

The mutational pattern of homologous recombination repair (HRR)‐associated gene alterations in Chinese urothelial carcinoma (UC) necessitates comprehensive sequencing efforts, and the clinical implications of HRR gene mutations in UC remain to be elucidated.

Materials and Methods

We delineated the mutational landscape of 343 Chinese UC patients from West China Hospital and 822 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) using next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Data from 182 metastatic UC patients from MSK‐IMPACT cohort were used to assess the association between HRR mutations and immunotherapy efficacy. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis was performed to explore the impact of HRR mutations on tumor immune microenvironment.

Results

Among Chinese UC patients, 34% harbored HRR gene mutations, with BRCA2, ATM, BRCA1, CDK12, and RAD51C being the most prevalently mutated genes. Mutational signatures contributing to UC differed between patients with and without HRR mutations. Signature 22 for exposure to aristolochic acid was only observed in Chinese UC patients. The presence of HRR mutations was correlated with higher tumor mutational burden, neoantigen burden, and PD‐L1 expression. Importantly, patients with HRR mutations exhibited significantly improved prognosis following immunotherapy compared to those without HRR mutations.

Conclusions

Our findings provide valuable insights into the genomic landscape of Chinese UC patients and underscore the molecular rationale for utilizing immunotherapy in UC patients with HRR mutations.
Transient EDTA‐dependent pseudothrombocytopenia and ulcerative colitis recurrence during chemotherapy: A case of misleading platelet count results attributable to a laboratory artifact
Authors: Watanabe Ayako , Toshima Hirokazu , Saeki Misa , Nagata Takuya , Koyanagi Tatsuo , Minamizawa Masumi , Kashiwabara Yuka , Kobayashi Koji , Shimada Ken , Momo Kenji
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

EDTA‐dependent pseudothrombocytopenia as well as myelosuppression should be suspected when thrombocytopenia occurs in patients with autoimmune disease during chemotherapy.

A patient with pancreatic cancer and ulcerative colitis developed transient ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)‐dependent pseudothrombocytopenia with exacerbation of ulcerative colitis during chemotherapy. Unfortunately, pseudothrombocytopenia could not be immediately detected because thrombocytopenia was masked by a reasonable time course of adverse events associated with chemotherapy and ulcerative colitis recurrence. When thrombocytopenia occurs during chemotherapy, especially in patients with autoimmune diseases, EDTA‐dependent pseudothrombocytopenia and bone marrow suppression caused by anti‐cancer agents should be suspected.
Well‐differentiated liposarcoma of tongue: A case report
Authors: Singh Moushami , Napit Arun R. , Piya Gunja , Thakur Prabhat Chandra , Mohanty Sambit , Shinde Sayali , Jain Ekta , Dhakal Hari Prasad
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

It is important to consider WDLS as a potential cause of tongue lesions and include it in the list of differential diagnoses. When performing surgical intervention, it is crucial to remove enough tissue around the lesion, and regular follow‐up is necessary due to the high risk of recurrence, despite its rarity, when margins are positive.

Liposarcoma (LS) is the most common soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) that arise from embryonic mesenchymal tissue. Though these sarcomas commonly arise at retroperitoneal locations and extremities, the appearance of these tumors in the head and neck region is rare, with the tongue as a preferred site. As per WHO 2020, LS is classified into four subtypes based on morphology, namely, Well‐differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS), Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS), Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS), and Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLS). WLS is the most common variant among all. Here, we had a case of 55 years old male with the complaint of swelling in the left lateral border of the tongue with the preliminary diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma. The patient underwent a left partial glossectomy with adequate margins. Further evaluation of the lesion revealed a clear cell tumor that was ultimately confirmed as liposarcoma on immunohistochemistry that showed tumor cells positive for S100, CDK4, and MDM2 with 2% Ki‐67. Postsurgical status of the patient was evaluated by F18 FDG PET CTscan, which was normal. Currently, the patient is under regular follow‐up.
Multielectron Redox Afforded by a Pincer Ligand Promoting Kumada Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Singh Vikramjeet , Jain Harshit , Nath Shounak , Adhikari Debashis
Published: November 2023

The redox‐active nature of a pincer has been exploited to conduct C−C cross‐coupling reactions under mild conditions. A nickel complex with a NNN pincer was dimeric in the solid state, and the structure displayed a Ni2N2 diamond core. In the dimeric structure, both ligand backbones house an electron, in the iminosemiquinonate form, to keep the metal's oxidation state at +2. In the presence of an aryl Grignard reagent, only 3 mol % loading the nickel complex generates a Kumada cross‐coupled product in good yield from a wide variety of aryl‐X (X= I, Br, Cl) substrates. That the ligand‐based radical remains responsible for promoting such a coupling reaction following a radical pathway is suggested by TEMPO quenching. Furthermore, a radical‐clock experiment along with tracing product distribution unambiguously supported the radical's involvement through the catalytic cycle. A series of thorough mechanistic probation, including computational DFT analysis, disclosed the cooperative action of both redox‐active pincer ligand and the metal centre to drive the reaction.
Pioniere der medizinischen mRNA‐Technologie
Authors: Hille‐Rehfeld Annette
Published: November 2023

Den Nobelpreis für Physiologie oder Medizin teilen sich in diesem Jahr die Biochemikerin Katalin Karikó und der Immunologe Drew Weissman für „Erkenntnisse über Nucleosid‐Basenmodifikationen, die die Entwicklung wirksamer mRNA‐Impfstoffe gegen COVID‐19 ermöglichten“.
Nonclinical factors associated with the treatment of older women with newly diagnosed low‐grade ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: DeLeire Thomas , Mitchell Jean M. , De La Cruz Lucy , Isaacs Claudine
Published: November 2023

Background

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most common form of noninvasive breast cancer and is associated with an excellent prognosis. As a result, there is concern about overdiagnosis and overtreatment of DCIS because most patients with DCIS are treated as though they have invasive breast cancer and undergo either breast‐conserving surgery (BCS)—most commonly followed by radiation therapy (RT)—or mastectomy. Little research to date has focused on nonclinical factors influencing treatments for DCIS.

Methods

Population‐based data were analyzed from five state cancer registries (California, Florida, New Jersey, New York, and Texas) on women aged 65 years and older newly diagnosed with DCIS during the years 2003 to 2014 using a retrospective cohort design and multinominal logistic modeling. The registry records with Medicare enrollment data and fee‐for‐service claims to obtain treatments (BCS alone, BCS with RT, or mastectomy) were merged. Surgeon practice structure was identified through physician surveys and internet searches.

Results

Patients of surgeons employed by cancer centers or health systems were less likely to receive BCS with RT or mastectomy than patients of surgeons in single specialty or multispecialty practices. There also was substantial geographic variation in treatments, with patients in New York, New Jersey, and California being less likely to receive BCS with RT or mastectomy than patients in Texas or Florida.

Conclusions

These findings suggest nonclinical factors including the culture of the practice and/or financial incentives are significantly associated with the types of treatment received for DCIS. Increasing awareness and targeted efforts to educate physicians about DCIS management among older women with low‐grade DCIS could reduce patient harm and yield substantial cost savings.
Strategies in Aggregation Tests for Rare Variants
Authors: Rajabli Farid , Kunkle Brian W.
Published: November 2023

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) successfully identified numerous common variants involved in complex diseases, but only limited heritability was explained by these findings. Advances in high‐throughput sequencing technology made it possible to assess the contribution of rare variants in common diseases. However, study of rare variants introduces challenges due to low frequency of rare variants. Well‐established common variant methods were underpowered to identify the rare variants in GWAS. To address this challenge, several new methods have been developed to examine the role of rare variants in complex diseases. These approaches are based on testing the aggregate effect of multiple rare variants in a predefined genetic region. Provided here is an overview of statistical approaches and the protocols explaining step‐by‐step analysis of aggregations tests with the hands‐on experience using R scripts in four categories: burden tests, adaptive burden tests, variance‐component tests, and combined tests. Also explained are the concepts of rare variants, permutation tests, kernel methods, and genetic variant annotation. At the end we discuss relevant topics of bioinformatics tools for annotation, family‐based design of rare‐variant analysis, population stratification adjustment, and meta‐analysis. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The Enhanced Photo‐Catalytic Properties of ZnO Under the Synergistic Effect of CaCO3
Authors: Yao Chengli , Chen Chen , Yuan Yijin , Zhu Wenjuan , Tai Wenqing , Ding Can , Li Hongying
Published: November 2023

At present, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious. It is urgent to develop efficient catalysts to solve these problems. To obtain the functional characteristics of CaCO3 and promote its application in coatings and photo‐catalysis, ZnO/CaCO3 particles are prepared by the solution co‐precipitation method under the mediate of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) through corresponding strategies. The structures and morphologies of samples are characterized by XRD, FT‐IR, SEM, and TEM, respectively. Besides that, the photo‐catalytic property of the desired product is also evaluated. The results indicate that SDS helps to induce the formation of porous structure. Through co‐precipitation, ZnO particles uniformly load on porous calcium carbonate. ZnO/CaCO3 particles are endowed with low‐cost property and high catalytic performance under the synergistic effect of photo‐catalytic properties and absorption abilities. This work established a simple way to produce the composite catalysts with low price and high photo‐catalytic activity.
The 5 E(lements) of employee‐centric corporate social responsibility and their stimulus on happiness at work: An empirical investigation
Authors: Kocollari Ulpiana , Cavicchioli Maddalena , Demaria Fabio
Published: November 2023

In recent times, there has been a growing interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices that focus on employees, with an increasing emphasis on investigating employees' experiences of CSR in relation to their happiness. The purpose of this study is to explore employee‐centric CSR initiatives with the aim of identifying the elements stimulating happiness at work (HAW). To accomplish this, we adopt a non‐linear and data‐driven approach to analyze self‐reported data from 441 employees across 21 small and medium‐sized enterprises spanning various industries. The analysis brings to light 5 E(lements) of employee‐centric CSR: envisioning, related to personal and organizational value orientation; equity, related to definition and distribution of rewards; empowerment, related to career development and professional growth; experimentation, related to innovative tasks and organizational forms; and empathy, related to a supportive workplace and coworkers' network. These 5 E(lements) serve as stimuli for HAW in different ways: envisioning, empowerment, and experimentation play a major role in promoting employees' happiness and underscore the importance of initiatives related to shared values, inclusivity, and innovative work practices. Thus, this study sheds light on the influence of employee‐centric CSR in promoting HAW and on effective strategies that may contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goals targets.
Advances in device‐based treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: evidence from clinical trials
Authors: Wu Ying , Song Meiyan , Wu Meifang , Lin Liming
Published: November 2023

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a group of clinical syndromes that exhibit a remarkably heterogeneous phenotype, characterized by symptoms and signs of heart failure, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, elevated levels of natriuretic peptides, and an ejection fraction greater than or equal to 50%. With the aging of the population and the escalating prevalence of hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, the incidence of HFpEF is progressively rising. Drug therapy options for HFpEF are currently limited, and the associated high risk of cardiovascular mortality and heart failure rehospitalization significantly impact patients' quality of life and longevity while imposing a substantial economic burden on society. Recent research indicates that certain device‐based therapies may serve as valuable adjuncts to drug therapy in patients with specific phenotypes of HFpEF, effectively improving symptoms and quality of life while reducing the risk of readmission for heart failure. These include inter‐atrial shunt and greater splanchnic nerve ablation to reduce left ventricular filling pressure, implantable heart failure monitor to guide diuresis, left atrial pacing to correct interatrial dyssynchrony, cardiac contractility modulation to enhance cardiac calcium handling, as well as renal denervation, baroreflex activation therapy, and vagus nerve stimulation to restore the autonomic imbalance. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and clinical evidence pertaining to these devices, with the aim of enhancing therapeutic strategies for HFpEF.
Weak grip strength predicts higher unplanned healthcare utilization among patients with heart failure
Authors: Poco Louisa Camille , Finkelstein Eric , Sim David , Malhotra Chetna
Published: November 2023

Aims

Frailty increases healthcare utilization and costs for patients with heart failure but is challenging to assess in clinical settings. Hand grip strength (GS) is a single‐item measure of frailty yet lacks evidence as a potential screening tool to identify patients at risk of higher unplanned events and related healthcare costs. We examined the association of baseline and longitudinal GS measurements with healthcare utilization and costs among patients with advanced heart failure.

Methods and results

Between July 2017 and April 2019, we enrolled 251 patients with symptoms of advanced heart failure (New York Heart Association class III or IV) in a prospective cohort study in Singapore. We measured GS at baseline and every 4 months for 2 years and linked patients' survey data with their medical and billing records. We categorized patients as having weak GS if their GS measurement was below the 5th percentile of the age‐ and gender‐specific normative GS values in Singapore. We assessed the association between baseline GS and healthcare utilization (unplanned and planned events and healthcare costs, total costs, and length of inpatient stay) over the next 2 years using regression models. We investigated the association between longitudinal 4‐monthly GS assessments and the ensuing 4 months of healthcare utilization and costs using mixed‐effects logistic and two‐part regression models. At baseline, 22.5% of patients had weak GS. Baseline and longitudinal GS measurements were significantly associated with longer length of inpatient stay, greater likelihood of unplanned events, and higher related costs. Patients with weak GS had higher odds of an unplanned event occurring by 8 percentage points [95% confidence interval (CI) (0.01, 0.14), P = 0.026], incurred longer inpatient stays by 4 days [95% CI (1.97, 6.79), P = 0.003], and additional SG$ 4792 [US$ ~ 3594, 95% CI (1894, 7689), P = 0.014] in unplanned healthcare costs over the next 4 months.

Conclusions

GS is a simple tool to identify and monitor heart failure patients at risk of unplanned events, longer inpatient stays, and higher related healthcare costs. Findings support its routine use in clinical settings.
New value chain Pentadesma nuts and butter from West Africa to international markets: Biological activities, health benefits, and physicochemical properties
Authors: Chabi Ifagbémi Bienvenue , Aïssi Midimahu Vahid , Zannou Oscar , Kpoclou Yénoukounmè E. , Ayegnon Bernolde Paul , Badoussi Marius Eric , Ballogou Vénérande Y. , Goksen Gulden , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin , Kayodé Adéchola P. Polycarpe
Published: November 2023

The tallow or butter tree (Pentadesma butyracea Sabine) is a ligneous forest species of multipurpose use largely distributed in Sub‐Sahara Africa. Owing to the biological properties of different parts of the tree and physicochemical properties, as well as the numerous benefits of its fruits, research on P. butyracea products, especially kernels and butter, has now gained more interest. Thus, the scientific literature revealed that Pentadesma butter is a more promising product with good physical and technological characteristics. It is traditionally preferred in households for food, medicine, and cosmetic use. Apart from the fruits, all other parts of the butter tree are used by local communities in folk medicine. The existing studies indicated that P. butyracea contains valuable health‐promoting compounds such as phenolic compounds, vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids. P. butyracea and derived products have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, antiplasmodial, antitumor, estrogenic, anti‐androgenic, and cholesterol‐regulative effects. Since studies on the biological properties of the tree parts, nutritional composition, and physicochemical properties of food products from the tree have been very limited, this review attempts to summarize some results from recent investigations. Our intention in the present review was to give an overview of the biological activities of plants and an account of the potential properties of Pentadesma products (pulp, kernels, and butter) and outline the way for future relevant research to improve their state of knowledge.
Sex‐ and age‐specific normative values of lower extremity muscle power in Italian community‐dwellers
Authors: Coelho‐Junior Helio Jose , Marzetti Emanuele , Picca Anna , Tosato Matteo , Calvani Riccardo , Landi Francesco
Published: November 2023

Background

Muscle power is associated with health‐related parameters. Simple equations were validated to estimate lower extremity muscle power measures based on the time to complete the five‐repetition sit‐to‐stand test. The present study was conducted to provide lower extremity muscle power estimates and produce centile values in a large and relatively unselected population across a wide age spectrum.

Methods

Data were from the Longevity Check‐up 7+ (Lookup 7+) project, an ongoing initiative conducted in unconventional settings (e.g., exhibitions, shopping centres and health promotion campaigns) across Italy to foster adoption of healthy lifestyles. Absolute, relative, allometric and specific muscle power measures of the lower extremities were estimated using validated formulas. Cross‐sectional centile and normative values for muscle power measures from 18 to 81+ years were produced for the two sexes. Smoothed normative curves for men and women were constructed using the lambda–mu–sigma method.

Results

From 1 June 2015 to 31 October 2021, 13 515 participants were enrolled of whom 12 864 were eligible for the present study. Mean age was 55.9 years (standard deviation: 14.8 years; range: 18–98 years), and 7217 (56.%) were women. Absolute, relative, allometric and specific muscle power declined significantly with age. Specific patterns of decline were observed according to sex and muscle power parameter. Absolute muscle power peaked at 41–50 and 31–40 years in men and women, respectively. Afterwards, a decline rate of approximately 12% per decade was observed, regardless of sex. Relative muscle power showed the largest reduction with age, such that it was 40.6% and 46.4% smaller in men and women older than 80, respectively, compared with those aged 18–30 years. Age‐related changes in allometric and specific muscle power measures were similar between men and women.

Conclusions

Data from the Lookup 7+ project indicate that lower extremity muscle power estimated using simple equations is significantly associated with age. Sex‐specific patterns of decline in absolute and relative muscle power were observed with age. Allometric and specific muscle power declined at a similar rate in men and women.
Mediating role of systemic inflammation in the association between heavy metals exposure and periodontitis risk
Authors: Du Mi , Deng Ke , Cai Qingqing , Hu Shixian , Chen Yuntao , Xu Shulan , Tjakkes Geerten‐Has E. , Ge Shaohua , Ge Minghua , Li An
Published: November 2023

Background

This study evaluated the mediating role of systemic inflammation in the association between exposure to heavy metals and periodontitis in a nationwide sample of adults.

Methods

Pooled cross‐sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2009‐2014) were used (n = 8993). Periodontitis was defined by a full‐mouth examination and classified as no/mild and moderate/severe (mod/sev) groups. Blood and urinary heavy metal levels were investigated, including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). In addition, systemic inflammation was assessed using circulatory leukocyte counts and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels.

Results

Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed the positive associations of blood and urinary levels of Cd and Pb with mod/sev periodontitis. In contrast,blood Hg levels did not show a significant association. The odds of having periodontitis were 1.233 and 1.311 times higher for each one‐unit increment in Ln‐transformed blood Cd (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.109–1.371) and Pb (95% CI: 1.170‐1.470), respectively. Mediation analysis suggested a 6.3% to 11.5% contribution of leucocyte counts in the association of blood Cd and Pb levels with periodontitis. Sensitivity analyses for urinary Cd levels yielded consistent mediating effects. However, no significant mediating effect of CRP was detected.

Conclusion

Higher exposures to Cd and Pb were positively associated with periodontitis risk. These associations might be partially mediated by the elevated levels of leukocytes rather than CRP. Further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the discordant results of the systemic inflammatory biomarkers.
Saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. husks alleviated high‐fat‐diet‐induced hyperlipidemia via modulating the gut microbiota and multiple metabolic pathways
Authors: Yu Yuan , Ji Xueying , Song Linmeng , Cao Yuqing , Feng Jing , Zhang Ruoyu , Tao Feiyan , Zhang Fengxiang , Xue Peng
Published: November 2023

Background

Hyperlipidemia is characterized by abnormally elevated blood lipids. Quinoa saponins (QS) have multiple pharmacological activities, including antitumor, bactericidal and immune‐enhancing effects. However, the lipid‐lowering effect and mechanisms of QS in vivo have been scarcely reported.

Methods

The effect of QS against hyperlipidemia induced by high‐fat diet in rats was explored based on gut microbiota and serum non‐targeted metabolomics.

Results

The study demonstrated that the supplementation of QS could reduce serum lipids, body weight, liver injury and inflammation. 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that QS mildly increased alpha‐diversity, altered the overall structure of intestinal flora, decreased the relative richness of Firmicutes, the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (P < 0.05) and increased the relative richness of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium, Roseburia and Coprococcus (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, metabolomics analysis showed that QS altered serum functional metabolites with respect to bile acid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, which were closely related to bile acid metabolism and fatty acid β‐oxidation. Furthermore, QS increased protein levels of farnesoid X receptor, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, which were related to the screened metabolic pathways. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a correlation between gut microbiota and differential metabolites.

Conclusion

QS could prevent lipid metabolism disorders in hyperlipidemic rats, which may be closely associated with the regulation of the gut microbiota and multiple metabolic pathways. This study may provide new evidence for QS as natural active substances for the prevention of hyperlipidemia. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Lidocaine Spray for Acute Postsurgical Pain Control After Posterior Pharyngeal Flap Surgery
Authors: Zhou Dan , Wang Li‐Kuan , Wu Hai‐Yin , Xiong Guo‐Li , Yang Xu‐Dong
Published: November 2023

Objectives

This study evaluated the use of lidocaine spray for acute postsurgical pain control after posterior pharyngeal flap surgery.

Methods

Fifty patients aged 4 to 14 years who were scheduled to undergo elective posterior pharyngeal flap surgery were randomized to receive 2.4% lidocaine spray (Group L) or an identical volume of placebo spray (Group C) on the surgical field at the end of the surgery. The primary outcome was the maximum postoperative pain score in the postanesthesia care unit.

Results

The maximum pain score in Group L was significantly lower than that in Group C (p = 0.001). The incidence of moderate‐to‐severe pain in the postanesthesia care unit was significantly lower in Group L than that in Group C (p < 0.001). In the postanesthesia care unit, more patients in Group C were prescribed rescue analgesics (p < 0.001). The time to the first rescue analgesic was also significantly shorter in Group L (p < 0.001). The incidence and maximum score of emergence agitation were lower in Group L than in Group C. Compared with Group C, Group L showed earlier postoperative fluid intake (p = 0.001). Moreover, the score for parental satisfaction with pain control was higher in Group L than in Group C (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our findings indicated that the use of 2.4% lidocaine aerosol spray on the surgical site at the end of the surgery could produce good analgesia for acute postoperative pain, reduce the incidence and severity of EA, and shorten the time to restore fluid intake.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 134:2438–2443, 2024
Association between Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss and the Risk of Cardio Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Park Minah , Jang Sung‐In , Hurh Kyungduk , Park Eun‐Cheol , Kim Seung Hoon
Published: November 2023

Objectives

This study investigated the association between sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and the risk of cardio‐cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) among older adults in South Korea.

Methods

Data from 38,426 patients in the Korean National Health Insurance Service‐Senior Cohort from 2002 to 2019 were collected. The risk of CCVD includes both stroke and acute myocardial infarction. Propensity score matching (1:1) was used to identify pairs of individuals with and without SSNHL (n = 19,213 for cases and controls). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the associations between variables.

Results

Patients with SSNHL had a higher risk of CCVD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11–1.24) compared to those without. The risk of CCVD was higher among those who experienced a stroke than those who did not (HR = 1.17 95% CI = 1.10–1.25). Compared to their matched controls, patients with SSNHL were 1.69 times (HR = 1.69 CI = 1.46–1.94) more likely to have CCVD during the first 12 months of the follow‐up period.

Conclusion

Older patients with SSNHL are at an increased risk of CCVD. Hence, a more attentive approach featuring aggressive monitoring of patients with SSNHL is required to lessen their risk of CCVD.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:2372–2376, 2024
Effects of Economic Status on Changes in Social Networks and Mental Health after Using Hearing Aids
Authors: Han Sang‐Yoon , Kim Young Ho
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Hearing impairment affects social networks and mental health. Hearing aids (HA) can improve these deficits. However, their effects might be affected by various factors such as economic status (ES). This study aimed to identify how ES could moderate the effects of HA on social networks, depressive mood, and cognition.

Methods

A prospective cohort for new HA users was established and classified into two groups based on their ES: a low ES group (LES group) and a medium to high ES group (MHES group). Audiological examination, Lubben social network scale‐18 (LSNS‐18), Short form of Geriatric Depression Score, Mini‐Mental State Examination in the Korean version of the CERAD Assessment Packet, and surveys for satisfaction with HA were conducted before and at six months after wearing HA.

Results

Post‐HA application LSNS‐18 scores were not improved in the LES group whereas they revealed significant improvement in the MHES group (p = 0.003). The LES group showed lower LSNS‐18 score (p = 0.020) and its change (p = 0.042) than the MHES group. Additionally, patients with depressive moods in the MHES group showed better improvements than those in the LES group (p = 0.048). The effects of wearing HA on cognition and satisfaction with HA were not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions

HA did not improve social relationships and depressive moods in the LES group. Comprehensive and multidirectional support as well as hearing rehabilitation may be important for patients with LES.

Level of Evidence

3 (Nonrandomized controlled cohort/follow‐up study) Laryngoscope, 134:2387–2394, 2024
Rural–urban otolaryngologic observational workforce analysis: The state of Nebraska
Authors: LaCrete Frantzlee , Ratnapradipa Kendra L. , Carlson Kristy , Lyden Elizabeth , Dowdall Jayme R.
Published: November 2023

Objective

To analyze the rural–urban access to otolaryngology (OHNS) care within the state of Nebraska.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Counties in Nebraska were categorized into rural versus urban status based upon the 2013 National Center for Health Statistics urban–rural classification scheme with I indicating most urban and VI indicating most rural. The information on otolaryngologists was gathered utilizing the Health Professions Tracking System. Otolaryngologists were categorized based on the county of their primary and outreach clinic location(s). Travel burden was estimated using census tract centroid distance to the nearest clinic location, aggregated to county using weighted population means to determine the average county distance to the nearest otolaryngologist.

Results

Nebraska is a state with a population of 1.8 million people unequally distributed across 76,824 square miles, with rural counties covering 2/3 of the land area. Nebraska has 78 primary OHNS clinics and 70 outreach OHNS clinics distributed across 93 counties. More than half (54.8%) of the counties in Nebraska lacked any OHNS clinic. Overall, a statistically significant difference was found when comparing mean primary OHNS per 100,000 population and mean miles to a primary OHNS clinic with Level III counties being 5.17 linear miles from primary OHNS compared to Level V counties being 29.94 linear miles.

Conclusion

Overall, a clear discrepancy between rural and urban primary OHNS clinics in Nebraska can be seen visually and statistically with rural Nebraskans having to travel at least 5.5 times farther to primary OHNS clinics when compared to urban Nebraskans.
Risk‐adjusted analysis of perioperative outcomes after the Sistrunk procedure
Authors: Wynings Erin M. , Wang Cynthia S. , Parsa Shyon , Johnson Romaine F. , Liu Christopher C.
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is the most common pediatric congenital neck mass. The Sistrunk procedure is the standard method of excision and is associated with low rates of recurrence. This study aimed to review our institution's outcomes following the Sistrunk procedure, specifically the rates of wound complications and cyst recurrence.

Methods

This was a retrospective case series of pediatric patients undergoing the Sistrunk procedure from June 2009 to April 2021.

Results

A total of 273 patients were included. Of these, 139 (53%) patients were male and 181 (66%) were white. The average age at the time of surgery was 7.1 years. The overall cyst recurrence rate was 11%. The most common wound complications were seroma (14%) and surgical site infections (SSIs) (12%). Wound complications were associated with prior history of cyst infection (odds ratio [OR] 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–3.60, z‐test 2.2, p = .03). Pediatric surgery was associated with fewer wound complications (OR 0.18; 95% CI 0.05–0.6, z‐test −2.78, p = .005). However, pediatric surgery operated on fewer patients with a history of cyst infection (36% vs. 55%, p = .012). Drain placement and postoperative antibiotics did not affect rates of wound complications.

Conclusions

Prior cyst infection is associated with increased rates of postoperative wound complications. Postoperative antibiotics and drain placement did not significantly affect complication rates.

Level of Evidence

4.
Size and transparency influence diel vertical migration patterns in copepods
Authors: Barth Alex , Johnson Rod , Stone Joshua
Published: November 2023

Diel vertical migration (DVM) is a widespread phenomenon in aquatic environments. The primary hypothesis explaining DVM is the predation‐avoidance hypothesis, which suggests that zooplankton migrate to deeper waters to avoid detection during daylight. Copepods are the predominant mesozooplankton undergoing these migrations; however, they display massive morphological variation. Visual risk also depends on a copepod's morphology. In this study, we investigate hypotheses related to morphology and DVM: (H1) as size increases visual risk, increases in body size will increase DVM magnitude and (H2) if copepod transparency can reduce visual risk, increases in transparency will reduce DVM magnitude. In situ copepod images were collected across several cruises in the Sargasso Sea using an Underwater Vision Profiler 5. Copepod morphology was characterized from these images and a dimension reduction approach. Although in situ imaging offers challenges for quantifying mesozooplankton behavior, we introduce a robust method for quantifying DVM. The results show a clear relationship in which larger copepods have a larger DVM signal. Darker copepods also have a larger DVM signal, however, only among the largest group of copepods and not smaller ones. These findings highlight the complexity of copepod morphology and DVM behavior.
Bacillus‐based probiotic cleansers reduce the formation of dry biofilms on common hospital surfaces
Authors: Wormald Richard , Humphreys Paul N. , Charles Christopher J. , Rout Simon P.
Published: November 2023

In the absence of liquid suspension, dry biofilms can form upon hard surfaces within a hospital environment, representing a healthcare‐associated infection risk. Probiotic cleansers using generally recognized as safe organisms, such as those of the Bacillus genus, represent a potential strategy for the reduction of dry biofilm bioburden. The mechanisms of action and efficacy of these cleaners are, however, poorly understood. To address this, a preventative dry biofilm assay was developed using steel, melamine, and ceramic surfaces to assess the ability of a commercially available Bacillus spp. based probiotic cleanser to reduce the surface bioburden of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Via this assay, phosphate‐buffered saline controls were able to generate dry biofilms within 7 days of incubation, with the application of the probiotic cleanser able to prevent >97.7% of dry biofilm formation across both pathogen analogs and surface types. Further to this, surfaces treated with the probiotic mixture alone also showed a reduction in dry biofilm across both pathogen and surface types. Confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging indicated that the probiotic bacteria were able to germinate and colonize surfaces, likely forming a protective layer upon these hard surfaces.
Cranial Nerve Thinning Distinguishes RFC1‐Related Disorder from Other Late‐Onset Ataxias
Authors: Lobo Camila C. , Wertheimer Guilherme S.O. , Schmitt Gabriel S. , Matos Paula C.A.A.P. , Rezende Thiago J.R. , Silva Joyce M. , Borba Fabrício C. , Lima Fabrício D. , Martinez Alberto R.M. , Barsottini Orlando G.P. , Pedroso José Luiz , Marques Wilson , França Marcondes C.
Published: November 2023

Background

RFC1‐related disorder (RFC1/CANVAS) shares clinical features with other late‐onset ataxias, such as spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) and multiple system atrophy cerebellar type (MSA‐C). Thinning of cranial nerves V (CNV) and VIII (CNVIII) has been reported in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of RFC1/CANVAS, but its specificity remains unclear.

Objectives

To assess the usefulness of CNV and CNVIII thinning to differentiate RFC1/CANVAS from SCA and MSA‐C.

Methods

Seventeen individuals with RFC1/CANVAS, 57 with SCA (types 2, 3 and 6), 11 with MSA‐C and 15 healthy controls were enrolled. The Balanced Fast Field Echo sequence was used for assessment of cranial nerves. Images were reviewed by a neuroradiologist, who classified these nerves as atrophic or normal, and subsequently the CNV was segmented manually by an experienced neurologist. Both assessments were blinded to patient and clinical data. Non‐parametric tests were used to assess between‐group comparisons.

Results

Atrophy of CNV and CNVIII, both alone and in combination, was significantly more frequent in the RFC1/CANVAS group than in healthy controls and all other ataxia groups. Atrophy of CNV had the highest sensitivity (82%) and combined CNV and CNVIII atrophy had the best specificity (92%) for diagnosing RFC1/CANVAS. In the quantitative analyses, CNV was significantly thinner in the RFC1/CANVAS group relative to all other groups. The cutoff CNV diameter that best identified RFC1/CANVAS was ≤2.2 mm (AUC = 0.91; sensitivity 88.2%, specificity 95.6%).

Conclusion

MRI evaluation of CNV and CNVIII using a dedicated sequence is an easy‐to‐use tool that helps to distinguish RFC1/CANVAS from SCA and MSA‐C.