bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cisto dermóide cerebelar
Authors: Pereira Walter , Tenuto Rolando A. , Wainman Jayme
Published: August 2013

Os autores relatam um caso de cisto dermóide cerebelar, único encontrado entre 513 tumores intracranianos operados de janeiro de 1945 a março de 1963, confirmando sua raridade. Tratava-se de criança que apresentava síndrome de hipertensão intracraniana e quadro cerebelar instalados dois meses antes da internação. Os exames complementares levaram ao diagnóstico provável de meduloblastoma cerebelar. Foi feita a abertura da lâmina terminal para aliviar a hipertensão intracraniana e, ulteriormente, cobaltoterapia visando a fossa poterior. Com estas medidas houve apenas discreta melhora do quadro de hipertensão intracraniana, não se alterando o quadro cerebelar. Cogitava-se da intervenção direta na fossa craniana posterior quando ocorreu osteomielite do retalho da craniotomia frontal. O osso contaminado foi retirado, seguindo-se a esta intervenção hipertermia acentuada e convulsões generalizadas, vindo a paciente a falecer. A necropsia mostrou, além de meningite purulenta, a existência de cisto dermóide cerebelar direito, contendo grande quantidade de substância sebácea e alguns pêlos. O exame histopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico microscópico, mostrando tratar-se de tecidos derivados do ectoderma e do mesoderma.
Similaridade genética entre cultivares de marmeleiro avaliadas por marcadores AFLP
Authors: Manica‑Berto Roberta , Pegoraro Camila , Mistura Claudete Clarice , Bresolin Adriana Pires Soares , Rufato Andrea De Rossi , Fachinello José Carlos
Published: August 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as relações genéticas de 21 cultivares de marmeleiro com base no marcador "amplified fragment length polymorphism" (AFLP), para melhoramento e conservação de recursos genéticos da espécie na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. O DNA das cultivares foi extraído pelo método CTAB, e as reações de AFLP foram realizadas com os iniciadores EcoRI/MseI. Foram identificados dois grupos entre as 21 cultivares de marmeleiro, um com quatro e outro com sete cultivares geneticamente mais relacionadas. As cultivares de marmeleiro apresentam alta variabilidade genética, com máximo de 43% de similaridade.
Análise da quantidade produzida de CO2 pela bovinocultura no estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Giovanini Adilson , Freitas Clailton Ataídes de , Coronel Daniel Arruda
Published: August 2013

Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar a quantidade de gases causadores de efeito estufa emitidos anualmente pela bovinocultura no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A partir dos resultados, é analisada a viabilidade econômica, em termos de instalação de créditos de carbono, da instalação de biodigestores nas propriedades rurais, calculando-se a quantidade de toneladas medidas em unidades de gás carbônico, equivalentes por ano, que a adoção dessa tecnologia permitiria mitigar. Entre os resultados obtidos, tem-se que a instalação de biodigestores é viável apenas para propriedades que possuem mais de 20 animais, as quais representam 63% do rebanho bovino gaúcho, e a mitigação de 29.548,26ton equiv. CO2 ano.
Pressão hidrostática nos atributos sensoriais do néctar de mamão
Authors: Shinagawa Fernanda Branco , Deliza Rosires , Rosenthal Amauri , Zarur Maria Alice
Published: August 2013

A indústria de alimentos utiliza a análise sensorial como ferramenta essencial no desenvolvimento, otimização, controle de qualidade e análise do potencial mercadológico de novos produtos. A alta pressão hidrostática (APH) é uma tecnologia inovadora que permite manter a qualidade dos alimentos em termos nutricionais e sensoriais, bem como o frescor natural e aumentar a sua vida útil. A APH não afeta ligações covalentes, portanto são mínimos os efeitos nos constituintes químicos responsáveis pela cor, sabor e conteúdo nutricional. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito da APH aplicada à polpa de mamão nos atributos sensoriais do néctar. Para tal, polpa controle (sem tratamento), pasteurizada (92°C 40s-1) e pressurizada (300MPa 5min-1 25°C-1) e quatro marcas comerciais de polpa de mamão congeladas foram utilizadas para preparar os sete respectivos néctares. Estudos iniciais foram realizados para determinação da quantidade de água e açúcar “ideal” a serem adicionadas à polpa para o preparo do néctar, de acordo com a resposta dos consumidores. As sete amostras foram analisadas por 12 provadores selecionados e treinados, utilizando a Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ). Os resultados mostraram que os néctares das amostras controle e pressurizada foram similares quanto aos atributos sensoriais, tendo sido caracterizadas pela presença de grumos, sabor característico de mamão, consistência e aroma característico de mamão.
O acesso aos serviços de saúde por emigrantes brasileiros nos Estados Unidos
Authors: Duarte Norberto de Almeida , Escrivão Junior Álvaro , Siqueira Sueli
Published: August 2013

A análise do atual contexto político e econômico existente nos EUA, que envolve o acesso e utilização de serviços de saúde pelos imigrantes, diz respeito aos mais de 20 milhões de indivíduos estrangeiros que residem naquele país e não possuem seguro de saúde. Essa população corresponde a 43,8% de 46 milhões de pessoas que não possuem cobertura de provedores privados de saúde nos EUA, sendo 10,5 milhões residentes sem a documentação exigida para viver no País. Para explorar as necessidades, o acesso e a utilização dos serviços de saúde americanos pelos emigrantes de Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil, o presente estudo entrevistou uma amostra de 14 emigrantes valadarenses selecionada por meio da técnica bola de neve. Foram elaboradas questões relacionadas à documentação, local de residência, profissões exercidas, necessidade, acesso e utilização de serviços de saúde. As informações recolhidas junto aos emigrantes residentes nos Estados de Massachusetts e Connecticut permitem afirmar a viabilidade do acesso e da utilização dos serviços de saúde subsidiados pelos governos federal e estaduais e de organizações não governamentais.
Parboiled rice bran in japanese quail diets at growing phase and residual effect at laying period
Authors: Freitas Ednardo Rodrigues , Quevedo Filho Ivan Bezerra , Watanabe Pedro Henrique , Filgueira Thales Marcel Bezerra , Cruz Carlos Eduardo Braga , Tavares Thaís Cruz Lopes
Published: August 2013

Rice is the second largest cereal crop in the world and the by-products resulting from rice processing for human consumption are potential feedstuffs to compose poultry diets. In this sense, it was evaluated the influence of parboiled rice bran (PRB) in diets for Japanese quails in growing phase on the performance and digestibility, besides of residual effects and characteristics of egg quality in laying phase. A total of 324 Japanese quails with 7 days of age were distributed in a completely randomized design, with 6 treatments and 6 replicates of 9 birds. The treatments consisted of 6 isonutritives diets, being a control diet without PRB and the others containing 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. At the end of growing phase the birds were allotted in cages and fed the same diet without PRB at laying phase. At growing phase, the inclusion of PRB up to 5% promoted linear reduction in dry matter and gross energy digestibilities of diet; however a linear increase in metabolizable energy was noted. Feed intake, weight gain and final weight were reduced but not altering feed:gain ratio and body composition. At laying phase, the inclusion of PRB increased the age at first egg production but no influence was verified at age to reach 50% of egg production. No effect was verified at laying percentage, feed intake, weight and egg mass and feed:gain ratio. In economical evaluation, the inclusion of up to 25% of parboiled rice bran provided best economical indexes. The inclusion of PRB Japanese quails diets at growing phase can be recommended in levels up to 25%, without incurring future losses at laying phase.
Measuring social integration in a pilot randomized controlled trial of critical time: intervention-task shifting in Latin America
Authors: Baumgartner Joy Noel , Silva Tatiana Fernandes Carpinteiro da , Valencia Eliecer , Susser Ezra
Published: August 2013

Global mental health movements increasingly highlight the importance of social integration for individuals living with severe mental illnesses. However, this important individual-level outcome is rarely measured in programs. As part of RedeAmericas, a pilot regional randomized controlled trial of critical time intervention - task shifting - will be conducted, which includes social integration as an outcome measure. It is a time-limited care coordination model to enhance continuity of support for people with severe mental illness during critical periods of transition. Given the challenges of measuring social integration, particularly for a multi-country study with unique cultural contexts, this paper has described the measurement approach used to create a composite measure that uses items from disability and quality of life instruments in addition to other key items.
Salud mental en atención primaria en Chile: aprendizajes para Latinoamérica
Authors: Minoletti Alberto , Rojas Graciela , Horvitz-Lennon Marcela
Published: August 2013

El presente artículo describió la experiencia chilena de los últimos 20 años con la integración de salud mental en atención primaria de salud y analizó los resultados de algunas evaluaciones, con el fin de contribuir a los procesos de aprendizaje de cómo disminuir brechas de atención. El retorno a la democracia después de la Dictadura Militar y la Declaración de Caracas fueron factores contribuyentes, así como el alto desarrollo de la atención primaria de salud en Chile y la formulación específica de planes nacionales de salud mental, que incluían la atención primaria de salud como un elemento central. La voluntad política de integración debe expresarse también en la asignación de fondos adicionales para salud mental en atención primaria de salud. Otro factor crítico para la salud mental en atención primaria de salud es la generación de mecanismos de articulación y apoyo entre profesionales de atenciones secundaria y primaria. Se destaca que los indicadores disponibles señalan que Chile habría logrado que la salud mental se transforme en un componente integral de su atención primaria de salud, posiblemente de forma sustentable, aunque aún existen muchas interrogantes que requieren estudios específicos de mayor profundidad.
Substâncias tóxicas e tentativas e suicídios: considerações sobre acesso e medidas restritivas
Authors: Agadir Santos Simone , Legay Letícia Fortes , Lovisi Giovanni Marcos
Published: August 2013

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo se propôs estimar a frequência do uso das substâncias tóxicas como meio para tentativas e suicídio, como subsídios para a discussão sobre medidas preventivas e de restrição. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados dados presentes nos Sistemas de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH-SUS), período 1998-2009. As variáveis analisadas foram sexo, idade e causa básica (CID-10 X60-X69). RESULTADOS: Cerca de 70,0% dos indivíduos que tentaram suicídio (SIH-SUS) ingeriram substâncias tóxicas: medicamentos (46,2%), álcool (29,8%) e pesticidas (15,1%). O sexo masculino e o grupo etário de 30-49 anos predominaram. Quanto ao suicídio (SIM), destacaram-se as substâncias medicamentos (21,7%) e pesticidas (28,3%). As mulheres adolescentes predominaram (3:1). A frequência na ingestão de pesticidas não foi muito diferente entre homens (49,2%) e mulheres (42,7%), quanto ao uso de medicamentos, as mulheres se sobressaíram (28,9 versus 17,3%). CONCLUSÕES: As frequências observadas a partir dos dados oficiais indicaram um perfil jovem nas tentativas e suicídios por intoxicação principalmente por medicamentos psicotrópicos e agrotóxicos. As informações sobre estes meios utilizados permitiram a discussão sobre aceitabilidade social e acessibilidade como determinantes na escolha destes. Constatou-se a inexistência de planos estratégicos específicos para prevenção do suicídio e sim ações pontuais sobre fatores associados.
A theoretical and empirical framework for constructing culture-specific stigma instruments for Chile
Authors: Yang Lawrence H. , Valencia Elie , Alvarado Ruben , Link Bruce , Huynh Nina , Nguyen Kristy , Morita Kara , Saavedra Mariella , Wong Chak , Galea Sandro , Susser Ezra
Published: August 2013

Different cultural contexts contribute to substantial variation in the stigma faced by people with psychosis globally. We propose a new formulation of how culture affects stigma to create psychometrically-validated tools to assess stigma's culture-specific effects. We propose to construct culture-specific stigma measures for the Chilean context via: 1) open-ended administration of 'universal' stigma scales to a sample of individuals with psychosis, relatives, and community respondents; 2) qualitative analyses to identify how culture shapes stigma and to derive initial 'culture-specific' stigma items; 3) construction and pilot-testing of final 'culture-specific' stigma measures; 4) initial psychometric validation among a sample of individuals with psychosis. We identify initial hypotheses for how stigma might threaten the capacities to participate in fundamental activities that 'matter most' in the Chilean context. These include mental illness stigma threatening the man's ability to protect the honor of the family, and the woman's ability to be a 'holy and pure' mother. Mental illness stigma may further endanger the ability of the family to uphold reciprocal obligations within their social network. Developing such measures promises to aid efforts to address culture-specific forms of stigma, and to facilitate implementation of community mental health services, in Chile and other Latin American contexts.
Development of a sustainable community mental health program in a remote region: the Austral Institute for Mental Health
Authors: Lumerman Jose , Conover Sarah
Published: August 2013

This paper described a community-based rehabilitation program in a remote region of Argentina. The program is located in Neuquén Province, in the Patagonia region. At the time it was initiated, about 20 years ago, the province had an excellent system of primary care, but one in which mental disorders were neglected. There were only a few psychiatrists in the province, and none involved in community care of people with severe mental disorders. Starting from this point, the "Austral" program was developed by making use of the local resources (such as primary care doctors) that were available, and it later earned a reputation as a model program.In 2012, Neuquén became a site of the RedeAmericas, a National Institute of Mental Health funded regional mental health network in Latin America.
Rendimento e composição do óleo essencial de patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) conforme o tempo de extração
Authors: Costa G.A. , Carvalho Filho J.L.S. , Deschamps C.
Published: August 2013

O patchouli possui óleo essencial nas folhas com utilização principalmente na indústria de perfumaria. O objetivo foi avaliar o melhor tempo de extração de óleo essencial de folhas secas de patchouli. Os tratamentos foram 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 e 8 horas de extração, através do método de hidrodestilação, com aparelho graduado do tipo Clevenger e balões com capacidade de 2 L.O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. O material destilado foi seco à sombra até atingir aproximadamente 20% de umidade. Para cada tratamento, foram utilizadas amostras de 50 g de massa seca foliar. Foram avaliados o rendimento e a composição do óleo essencial. Não houve diferença entre os diferentes tempos de extração no rendimento de óleo essencial, podendo a extração do óleo essencial de patchouli ser realizada com uma hora de extração. O tempo de extração aumenta as porcentagens relativas do beta-guaieno (0,81%), beta-patchouleno (1,26%), alfa-selineno (1,37%), cariofileno (2,44%), alfa-patchouleno (3,08%) e gama-patchouleno (4,82%). O teor de pogostol (5,11%) reduz com o aumento do tempo de extração. O patchoulol, alfa-guaieno, alfa-bulneseno e seicheleno não sofrem influencia do tempo de extração.
Aspectos Estruturais e Fitoquímicos de partes vegetativas de Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw. (Costaceae)
Authors: Paes L.S. , Mendonça M. S. , Casas L.L.
Published: August 2013

As folhas de Costus spicatus são amplamente empregadas na medicina popular para o tratamento de várias doenças entre elas: malária, hepatite e doença do aparelho urinário. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar aspectos da anatomia dos órgãos vegetativos (folhas, caules, raízes e rizomas) associados à triagem fitoquímica visando contribuir com informações relevantes para o desenvolvimento de estudos taxonômicos e farmacológicos. A análise anatômica por meio da microscopia óptica e de varredura evidenciou folha anfi-hipoestomática, com estômatos e tricomas tectores filamentosos simples. O mesofilo é constituído por parênquima clorofiliano, que se divide em duas regiões intercaladas por cordão de fibras e feixes vasculares. O caule é do tipo atactostélico como no rizoma. A raiz é poliarca. Os testes histoquímicos indicaram a presença de amido, proteínas estruturais, alcaloides, cristais de oxalato de cálcio. A prospecção química com extratos hidroalcoólico e aquoso constatou a presença de saponinas, taninos, alcaloides, compostos fenólicos e heterosídeos cianogênicos.
Produtos naturais ativadores de PPAR e marcadores associados ao processo inflamatório na Síndrome Metabólica
Authors: Brito L.F. , Toledo R.C.L. , Carvalho I.M.M. , Leite J.P.V. , Ribeiro S.M.R. , Peluzio M.C.G. , Queiroz J.H.
Published: August 2013

O processo inflamatório é o elo entre a síndrome metabólica e as doenças cardiovasculares. Para verificar a presença e o grau da inflamação, vários biomarcadores têm sido propostos e investigados. Este trabalho tem como objetivo revisar as recentes pesquisas que associam alguns marcadores expressos no tecido adiposo, enfatizando, dentre eles, a adiponectina, a resistina, a leptina e o transportador de glicose GLUT-4 na síndrome metabólica, a relação da inflamação decorrente desse conjunto de desordens metabólicas sob os receptores proliferadores peroxissomais (PPARs), bem como o efeito de diferentes extratos vegetais e produtos naturais bioativos na ativação desses receptores.
O efeito da diversificação corporativa na estrutura de capital das firmas brasileiras
Authors: Nicoli Junior Jandir , Funchal Bruno
Published: August 2013

Este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar se a diversificação corporativa aumenta a capacidade de endividamento das firmas brasileiras por meio do cross-pledging. Utilizando o modelo de dados em painel, estimamos a relação entre alavancagem e o grau de diversificação corporativa usando uma amostra de empresas listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (Bovespa) entre 2009 e 2011 e utilizando empresas brasileiras com acesso ao mercado internacional através de American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) no período de 2003 a 2011. Por meio dos testes empíricos, encontramos a não relação entre diversificação e endividamento em ambas as amostras, indicando que a estratégia de diversificação corporativa das empresas não deve ser utilizada como estratégia de expansão de sua capacidade de financiamento.
Reliable HRPCP Technology for Harsh Well Conditions
Authors: Bratu Christian , Caballero David , Seince Laurent
Published: August 2013

The HRPCP technology consists in adding HR’s - hydraulic regulators - to traditional PCP; the HR’s are distributed throughout the pump and their design corresponds to coupled pump - well requirements (1).

Consequently, the HRPCP technology is capable of controlling the pump behavior in liquid and multiphase flows: uniform distribution of pressures, reduction of temperatures, handling gas compression without heat build-up and lubrication of rotor - stator interference contact.

Therefore, the ultimate goal of the HRPCP technology is the significant improvement of the pump run life & production performance in liquid and multiphase flows.

The HRPCP technology targets include reactivation of wells considered uneconomic in mature fields, production from complex heavy/waxy/gassy oil wells, efficiency increase of gas well dewatering, enhancement of inefficient gas lift systems, eliminating the need for gas anchors / separators.

The paper focusses first on the HRPCP bench tests dedicated to HR’s optimal design: reduction of frictional torque in liquid flow, pump behavior in stationary and transient multiphase flow, energy savings.

Finally, the paper summarizes the observations made on the fields (Venezuela, Argentina): the run life of HRPCP is up to 10 times that of traditional PCP (2, 3).

In fact, the optimal design of HRPCP is confirmed by the pilot case stories on field (2, 3).
Case Histories of Running Progressing Cavity Pumps with Submersible Permanent Magnet Motors
Authors: Saveth Ken , Sagalovsky Andrey
Published: August 2013

Although conventional rod driven Progressing Cavity Pumps (PCPs) have been in use since the early 1980‘s, the industry has continued to seek alternative methods of powering the system. Initial attempts were made using conventional electric submersible induction motors however their high synchronous speeds proved to be problematic. These inherent high speeds resulted in developing motors with more poles (hence a slower synchronous speed) as well as down-hole gear boxes. All of this was in an attempt to get the motor speeds down to an acceptable range whereby the progressing cavity pump would work successfully. Using Submersible Permanent Magnet Motors (PMM) rather than conventional Induction Motors (IM) to drive the PCP is an effective and efficient method directly powering the PCP as well as eliminating the need for a downhole gear. In addition, the PMM motor’s power density is much higher, thus the motor length is significantly shorter which enhances deployment of the system in deviated wells. Over 1000 PCP-PMMs have been successfully installed in several Russian fields in differing applications with more than 250 still in operation. Their average run life exceeds 200 days and is typically in the range of 360-600 days with a maximum run time of 1091 days. This paper will share numerous case histories on PCP-PMM installations by providing a general review of the application, a summary of the PMM-PCP components installed and the overall design approach that led to the long term success.
Diagnosing PCP Failure Characteristics using Exception Based Surveillance in CSG
Authors: Knafl Matthew , Prosper Charles , Hoday John , Braas Marcel
Published: August 2013

The coal seam gas (CSG) industry is challenged to maximise gas recoverability while minimising the operational and maintenance costs of subsurface artificial lift technologies. Data acquisition is critical in both optimising assets and characterising early failure. Large data flows must be analysed for variations from normal operation to identify problems when and before they occur; automated processes are essential.

Exception based surveillance (EBS) utilises a systematic approach for automatically monitoring asset data (particularly continuous time-series data) for violations of acceptable operating conditions, or for trends that show deviations from expectations. EBS also provides diagnostics that assist in identifying the root cause of exceptions and providing suggestions for remediation.

Root cause analysis (RCA)-derived failure mechanisms aid in accurately identifying the source of repeatable failures in wells. Key performance indicators, measured or calculated from continuous data sources allow operators to observe operational trends, notice variations to long-term averages and begin investigatory procedures before failures occur. The information can be used to avoid failure or develop prevention strategies.

Progressive Cavity Pumps (PCP) are one of the preferred artificial lift methods for CSG production in both the Bowen and Surat basins in Australia. This paper discusses the innovative use of algorithms and software, in an automated exception based system to diagnose and detect PCP failure in a CSG environment. Using only four different parameters, this paper aims to maximise the value of information to monitor the operating conditions in each well and minimise operational costs by deciphering an in-situ volumetric efficiency variable and a frictional coefficient in parallel to the exisiting parameters without the need for additional monitoring sensors.
Well Optimization Using Fully Instrumented Progressing Cavity Pumps in the Patos Marinza Field
Authors: Gustafsson Kristofer , Noble Evan
Published: August 2013

Bankers Petroleum has grown its Patos Marinza field in Albania to a 16,000 barrels of oil per day (bopd) heavy oil operation over a 9 yr period, with significant potential growth possible in the future. One of the areas where significant value can be added to Bankers' operations is to extend the runlife of artificial lift systems in the field. The use of Progressing Cavity Pumps (PCPs) has allowed Bankers Petroleum to unlock significant resources; however the pump systems come with challenges. The current MTBF for the PCP systems of 120 days can be attributed to high oil viscosities, high elastomer swell, high bottom hole pressures, and high pump pressure loading. This paper discusses the collaborative effort between Bankers Petroleum and Weatherford to understand the issues affecting artificial lift system run life in this field and working to improve it. Results from an extensive laboratory test program undertaken by Weatherford to look at pressure and temperature build up in pumps running with viscous fluid and up to 95% gas are included. A field trial was undertaken with three instrumented PCPs at Patos Marinza to investigate the downhole pump pressure distribution, and the effect of various rotor fits and diluent injection rates on pump and well performance in an effort to optimize run life in this challenging environment.
From new Technology Pilots Follow up to PCP Services Contracts Deployment: Implementation of a PCP Field Track Dedicated Software
Authors: Pierchon Alban , Robert Benjamin
Published: August 2013

When deploying a new technology in Oil & Gas applications, there are different phases from prototype validation to pilot implementation and full field deployment. They all require a close follow up, especially when the technology is in its infancy as it’s leading to fast product improvement and optimization. Moreover, following pilots in different fields on different continents with different teams necessitates a common method: identifying relevant data, understanding them and having them organized is of the essence.

These challenges were faced when introducing a new PCP technology and it’s been decided to accompany this pilot follow up with a dedicated software for Progressing Cavity Pumps (PCP) operations, called PCM Field Track. Significant Key Performance Indicators (KPI) and production parameters were identified and a uniform method for Failure Analysis has been implemented, based on industry best practices (PCP RIFTS). The successful results obtained make this software a fundamental tool for Services teams.

This paper describes the method implemented in the Field Track and how the tool is now used to perform Services contracts for PCP tracking on field, reporting and KPI release, for the benefit of both Services Company and Operating Company. Also, examples of results are provided, showing the interest of a global tool dedicated to PCP follow up.
Progressing Cavity Pump Application in 40 API Light Oil-The Cooper Basin Field Study
Authors: Clarke Fred
Published: August 2013

The Cooper Basin is one of Australia's largest onshore resource projects. It is geographically located in central Australia in a remote and harsh area commonly known as the "Outback". On behalf of its joint venture partners, Santos operates more than 400 oil wells and 820 gas wells covering an extended operating area of approximately 12,000 square miles. A variety of artificial lift systems are used dependent on reservoir depth and fluid rate. This paper will focus on the application of Progressing Cavity Pumps (PCP) with a review of historical run life data and key lessons learned from 2004 to 2012.

Santos installed its first PCP system in 1990. The trial was considered unsuccessful as a result of a pump failure occurring within a matter of days. No further trials of a PCP system were undertaken until 2004. This second 2 well trial was able to demonstrate the operability of the PCP system by achieving run lives of 180 and 250 days. These results were encouraging enough to move forward with expanded trials in a wider range of reservoirs located in various fields.

The peak of the PCP implementation program in the Cooper Basin reached 145 installations in 2008. Unfortunately many of the applications fell outside of newly understood technical limits. Consequently a number of subsurface failures occurred which resulted in many unplanned workovers. As a result of poor PCP reliability, a change to more dependable forms of artificial lift was undertaken. The total PCP installation base has decreased to 38 systems of which 18 are operating in one particular field achieving pump run lives of 400 to 800 days.

This paper will assist operators to benchmark PCP system performance in similar light oil applications as found in the Cooper Basin. Additionally, the paper will outline a set of technical limits developed from our operating experience and lastly, it will provide a guideline to understand the risks associated with operating PCP systems in a light oil application.
Molecular Tagging of a Major Quantitative Trait Locus for Broad‐Spectrum Resistance to Verticillium Wilt in Upland Cotton Cultivar Prema
Authors: Zhiyuan Ning , Zhao Rui , Chen Hong , Ai Nijiang , Zhang Xin , Zhao Jun , Mei Hongxian , Wang Peng , Guo Wangzhen , Zhang Tianzhen
Published: August 2013

Verticillium wilt (VW) is one of the important damaging cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) diseases worldwide. The use of resistant cultivars has long been considered as the most practical and effective means of controlling VW. The upland cotton cultivar Prema has high VW resistance and is useful for breeding new cultivars resistant to VW. To tag the resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) in this cultivar, a population of 180 recombinant inbred lines was developed via single seed decent from a cross between the resistant Prema and the susceptible cultivar 86‐1. Verticillium wilt resistance trials were conducted in the artificial disease nursery inoculated with mixed isolates and greenhouse individually with VW defoliating isolates V991 and VD8 over a 2‐yr period. Based on composite interval mapping analysis of the 2010 and 2011 data sets of adjusted disease reaction in the artificial disease nursery, seven resistant QTL were detected. Among them, one major VW‐resistant QTL, which explained 62.83% of the phenotypic variation on the average with logarithm of the odds scores ranging from 23.37 to 26.73, was detected consistently and anchored on chromosome (chr.) D9. Greenhouse experiments revealed the existence of five significant QTL on chr. A9, D3, D11, and D9. Our results showed that qVW‐D9‐1 is a major broad‐spectrum VW resistance QTL. Identification of this QTL will facilitate the marker‐assisted selection of VW resistance in cotton breeding.
Exploiting Grain‐Filling Rate and Effective Grain‐Filling Duration to Improve Grain Yield of Early‐Maturing Maize
Authors: Gasura Edmore , Setimela Peter , Edema Richard , Gibson Paul T. , Okori Patrick , Tarekegne Amsal
Published: August 2013

Early‐maturing maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes yield 15 to 30% less than late‐maturing genotypes. One strategy for improving grain yield in the early‐maturing group involves assessment of grain‐filling traits as secondary traits for selection for high grain yield. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using grain‐filling rate and duration for improving grain yield in early‐maturing tropical maize. Forty‐four hybrids generated using North Carolina design II were evaluated at CIMMYT‐Zimbabwe during the 2011/2012 season under irrigated and nonirrigated environments. Although grain‐filling rate and effective grain‐filling duration were negatively correlated, several hybrids were distinctly above the trend line. The earliest‐maturing hybrid took 127 d to reach physiological maturity and produced grain yields comparable to those of the medium‐maturing genotypes (7 t ha−1). It had a high grain‐filling rate of 2.40 g per plant d−1 (18% higher than those of the low‐yielding hybrids) and a relatively longer effective grain‐filling duration. Grain‐filling rate and effective grain‐filling duration had high coefficients of genetic determination, positive correlations with grain yield, low error terms, and low genotype × environment interactions, making them appropriate selection traits for improved grain yield. The study shows that it is possible to develop high‐yielding early‐ to medium‐maturing maize hybrids based on favorable combining ability values for grain‐filling rate and duration.
Divergence in Drought‐resistance Traits among Parents of Recombinant Peanut Inbred Lines
Authors: Shekoofa Avat , Devi J. Mura , Sinclair Thomas R. , Holbrook Corley C. , Isleib Thomas G.
Published: August 2013

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is often grown in climates of intermittent drought on sandy soils. Plants expressing water‐conservative traits would minimize exposure to end‐of‐season, severe drought. Two traits resulting in conservative transpiration rates (TRs) are limitations on TR with soil drying and with increasing vapor pressure deficit (VPD). This study focused on parents of existing recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations as sources of divergent expression of these two traits. If divergence is found, their derived RIL population could be used in identifying genetic markers. Since both water‐conservation traits are laborious to document, a key extension of this study was to explore the possibility of using aquaporin inhibitors as practical tools in marker identification. Tifrunner had a lower soil water threshold for a decline in TR than NC 3033 and N08082olJCT. Tifrunner also had a higher VPD breakpoint than three genotypes, including NC 3033 and N08082olJCT. The difference between Tifrunner and these other two genotypes extended to their response to aquaporin inhibitors. The decrease in TR of Tifrunner when exposed to aquaporin inhibitors was much larger than NC 3033 when treated with silver and N08082olJCT when treated with zinc. This study indicates that an effort to develop drought markers in peanut RIL population should focus on Tifrunner × NC 3033 using the silver inhibitor and/or Tifrunner × N08082olJCT using the zinc inhibitor.
Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity and Content Are Normal in Young Insulin-Resistant Obese Humans
Authors: Fisher-Wellman Kelsey H. , Weber Todd M. , Cathey Brook L. , Brophy Patricia M. , Gilliam Laura A.A. , Kane Constance L. , Maples Jill M. , Gavin Timothy P. , Houmard Joseph A. , Neufer P. Darrell
Published: August 2013

Considerable debate exists about whether alterations in mitochondrial respiratory capacity and/or content play a causal role in the development of insulin resistance during obesity. The current study was undertaken to determine whether such alterations are present during the initial stages of insulin resistance in humans. Young (∼23 years) insulin-sensitive lean and insulin-resistant obese men and women were studied. Insulin resistance was confirmed through an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Measures of mitochondrial respiratory capacity and content as well as H2O2 emitting potential and the cellular redox environment were performed in permeabilized myofibers and primary myotubes prepared from vastus lateralis muscle biopsy specimens. No differences in mitochondrial respiratory function or content were observed between lean and obese subjects, despite elevations in H2O2 emission rates and reductions in cellular glutathione. These findings were apparent in permeabilized myofibers as well as in primary myotubes. The results suggest that reductions in mitochondrial respiratory capacity and content are not required for the initial manifestation of peripheral insulin resistance.
Microtomographic Analysis of Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction
Authors: Siebert Joseph R. , Smith Kenneth J. , Cox Liza L. , Glass Ian A. , Cox Timothy C.
Published: August 2013

Prenatal obstruction of the lower urinary tract may result in megacystis, with subsequent development of hydroureter, hydronephrosis, and renal damage. Oligo- or anhydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia, and prune belly syndrome are lethal consequences. Causes and mechanisms responsible for obstruction remain unclear but might be clarified by anatomic study at autopsy. To this end, we employed 2 methods of tomographic imaging—optical projection tomography and contrast-enhanced microCT scanning—to elucidate the anatomy of the intact urinary bladder and urethra in 10 male fetuses with lower urinary tract obstruction. Images were compared with those from 9 age-matched controls. Three-dimensional images, rotated and sectioned digitally in multiple planes, permitted thorough examination while preserving specimens for later study. Both external and internal features of the bladder and urethra were demonstrated; small structures (ie, urethral crest, verumontanum, prostatic utricle, ejaculatory ducts) were seen in detail. Types of obstruction consisted of urethral atresia ( n = 5), severe urethral stenosis ( n = 2), urethral diaphragm ( n = 2), or physical kinking ( n = 1); classic (Young type I) posterior urethral valves were not encountered. Traditional light microscopy was then used to verify tomographic findings. The prostate gland was hypoplastic or absent in all cases; in 1, prostatic tissue was displaced inferior to the verumontanum. Findings support previous views that dissection may produce valve-like artifacts (eg, bisection of an obstructing diaphragm) and that deformation of an otherwise normal urethra may result in megacystis. The designation “posterior urethral valves” should not be used as a generic expression of urethral obstruction unless actual valves are demonstrated.
Computed tomographic method for measurement of inclination angles and motion of the sacroiliac joints in German Shepherd Dogs and Greyhounds
Authors: Saunders Fritha C. , Cave Nick J. , Hartman Karl M. , Gee Erica K. , Worth Andrew J. , Bridges Janis P. , Hartman Angela C.
Published: August 2013

Objective—To develop an in vivo CT method to measure inclination angles and motion of the sacroiliac joints in dogs of performance breeds.

Animals—10 German Shepherd Dogs and 12 Greyhounds without signs of lumbosacral region pain or neurologic problems.

Procedures—CT of the ilium and sacrum was performed in flexed, neutral, and extended hind limb positions. Lines were drawn on volume-rendered images acquired in the flexed and extended positions to measure motion of the ilia relative to the sacra. Inclination angles of the synovial and ligamentous components of the sacroiliac joints were measured on transverse-plane CT images acquired at cranial and caudal locations. Coefficients of variance of measurements were calculated to determine intraobserver variability.

Results—Coefficients of variance of measurements ranged from 0.17% to 2.45%. A significantly higher amount of sacroiliac joint rotational motion was detected for German Shepherd Dogs versus Greyhounds. The cranial synovial joint component had a significantly more sagittal orientation in German Shepherd Dogs versus Greyhounds. No significant differences were detected between breeds for x- or y-axis translational motion or caudal synovial or ligamentous joint component inclination angles.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The small amounts of sacroiliac joint motion detected in this study may buffer high-frequency vibrations during movement of dogs. Differences detected between breeds may be associated with the predisposition of German Shepherd Dogs to develop lumbosacral region signs of pain, although the biological importance of this finding was not determined. Future studies are warranted to compare sacroiliac joint variables between German Shepherd Dogs with and without lumbosacral region signs of pain.
Flow-injection spectrophotometric determination of dipyrone in pharmaceutical formulations using a solid-phase reactor with copper(II) phosphate
Authors: Bonifácio Viviane , Filho Orlando , Marcolino-Júnior Luiz
Published: August 2013

In this work, a flow-injection spectrophotometric method for dipyrone determination in pharmaceutical formulations was developed. Dipyrone sample solutions were injected into a carrier stream of deionized water and the reaction was carried out in a solid-phase reactor (12 cm, 2.0 mm i.d.) packed with Cu3(PO4)2(s) entrapped in a matrix of polyester resin. The Cu(II) ions were released from the solid phase reactor by the formation of Cu(II)-(dipyrone)n complex. When the complex is released, it reacts with 0.02% m/v alizarin red S in deionized water to produce a Cu(VABO3)3 complex whose absorbance was monitored at 540 nm. The calibration graph was linear over the range 5.0×10−5–4.0×10−4 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 2.0×10−5 mol L−1 and relative standard deviation for 10 successive determinations of 1.5% (2.0×10−4 mol L−1 dipyrone solution). The calculated sample throughput was 60 h−1. The column was stable for at least 8 h of continuous use (500 injections) at 25°C. Pharmaceutical formulations were analyzed and the results from an official procedure measurement were compared with those from the proposed FIA method in order to validate the latter method.
Risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adolescents: results from a representative population-based survey in Germany, 2003–2006
Authors: Haar K , Bremer V , Houareau C , Meyer T , Desai S , Thamm M , Hamouda O
Published: August 2013

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Increasing ADR reporting in Nepal
Authors: Shankar Ravi P
Published: August 2013

Not all publications relating to pharmacovigilance in the country have been highlighted in the manuscript. The criteria which the authors followed for selecting and citing references can be explained. Strengthening pharmaco- vigilance in Nepal is an essential but daunting task with tremendous implications for patient safety and rational use of medicines.   DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3126/nje.v3i2.8511
Use of Social Networking Sites among University Students in Ajman, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Karuppasamy G , Anwar A , Bhartiya A , Sajjad S , Rashid M , Mathew E , Saikh R B , Sharbatti S Al , Sreedharan Jayadevan
Published: August 2013

Note: a new paragraph 'What this study adds:' was added to page 250 on 27 March 2014.Background    Social networking sites are web-based services through which individuals can create a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, connect with a list of other linked users, and view and interact with a list of their connections and with those made by others within the system. To estimate the proportion of university students using social networking sites (SNS) and to determine the association between SNS use and age, gender, nationality, course and year of study, living context, family size, number of close friends, close relationships, stress related to studies and interpersonal relationships. Materials and Methods A cross sectional study was carried out among 300 students from two universities in Ajman, UAE. A self-administered, content-validated and pilot-tested questionnaire was used. The participants answered questions related to their use of social networking sites and details of socio-demographic variables. The data collected were entered into Microsoft Excel and transferred to PASW 18.0 version. Data were analyzed as frequencies, percentages, means and SDs, and Chi-square test used for associations. The odd ratio was calculated for the significant variables to find the degree of association. The SNS usage was categorized as average, moderate or high based on mean and SD on the SNS test score.  Results The study population was comprised of 41.6% males and 58.3% females. 89% used social networking sites (SNS) and 11% were non-users. Of the 267 users of SNS, 58.8% were average users, 37.8% moderate users and 3.4% high users. Students in the first and second years of study, small family size, age below 20 years, male gender, being in a non-medical study program, friends in close relationship were found to be associated with higher SNS use. Conclusion Social networking sites were found to be popular among a large number of university students in the UAE, this being more so among males and non-medical students of first two years of study. DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3126/nje.v3i2.8512
Effect of Oral Clonidine on Hemodynamic Response During Surgery
Authors: Regmi Bharati Sharma , Regmi SR , Pradhan B , Marahatta MN , Dubey L
Published: August 2013

Clonidine is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. It has recently, however, found a new and possibly significant role in anaesthesia and the treatment of pain. Diazepam has been used as a drug for premedication for years but oral clonidine has not been used as premedication even though it is cheaper and has longer postoperative analgesic effect. This prospective, double blind randomized study was conducted in department of anaesthesiology, institute of medicine, TUTH. A total 60 consecutive patients scheduled for abdominal gynaecological surgeries were randomized to cloni­dine or diazepam premedication group and received these drug one hour before surgery planned under spinal anaesthesia. Intraoperative haemodynamic changes in terms of blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, were recorded. Hypotension was occurred in 9(15%) in clonidine group and 10(16.7%) in diazepam group, (p value> 0.05). During surgery, bradycardia was noted in 6(10%) vs. 3(5%) patient in diazepam and clonidine group respectively (p value >0.05). Nausea, shivering, restlessness were other side effects seen during surgery in both clonidine and diazepam group (33.33% vs. 36.66%). Although few more cases of nausea (1 vs. 5) with clonidine and few more cases of restless (3 vs. 7) were noted with diazepam , the overall difference was not statistically significant between two groups (p value >0.05). Oral clonidine premedication had similar hemodynamic response to diazepam. It is cheaper and has longer postoperative analgesic effect as well as similar sedative effect. Nepalese Heart Journal | Volume 7 | No.1 | November 2010 (special issue) | Page 8-14 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v7i1.8495
Observational Study of Pulmonary Embolism Patients in Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre
Authors: Rauniyar B , Adhikari Chandra Mani , Rajbhandari R , Limbu YR , Malla R , Sharma R , Rajbhandri S , Sharma D , Maskey A , Singh SK , Prajapapati D , Joshi D , KC MB
Published: August 2013

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) is a relatively common cardiovascular emergency, with a sig­nificant mortality and morbidity often precipitated by deep venous thrombosis (DVT).It is consid­ered as the third most common cardiovascular disorder after Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) and Stroke. This study aims to find out the clinical characteristic of Nepali PE patients. We hope that it can be helpful in the early recognition and management of PE patient. Eleven consecutive patients PE who were diagnosed based on CT report were studied. Predisposing factors were same as the other international study. Among eleven patients three were diagnosed as high risk pulmonary embolism, others were intermediate risk. Shortness of breath, chest discomforts are the commonest symptom. Echo revealed Dilated RA and RV were present in all patients. All the patients were treated with Heparin/Low molecular Heparin. Among the three high risk PE patients only one patient was treated with Thrombolytic therapy because of the missed diagnosis. The diagnosis is the most difficult and tricky part in the management of PE as treatment is the easiest part. Early suspicion is the most important part in the management of PE as symptom and sign are non-specific. Nepalese Heart Journal | Volume 7 | No.1 | November 2010 (special issue) | Page 25-28 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v7i1.8498