bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of pulmonary vasodilator therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension during critical illness
Authors: Muzevich Katie M , Chohan Hadi , Grinnan Daniel C
Published: October 2014

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is commonly treated with pulmonary arteriolar vasodilator therapy. When a patient on PAH medication is admitted to intensive care, determining how to manage their medication during the critical illness is often complicated. There may be considerations related to the inability to take medication by mouth, related to acute renal failure or acute liver injury, related to altered mental status or delirium, or related to hypotension and bacteremia. Decisions of how to manage these medications can have a major impact on the patient’s clinical course. Presently, provider experience is the major tool in navigating the decisions regarding these medications. In this review, we offer our recommendations of how to manage PAH patients with critical illness who are on PAH medications. These recommendations include how to deliver medications via feeding tubes, how to dose medications in the setting of acute renal failure or acute liver failure, and how to manage medications during hypotension or when a tunneled catheter needs to be removed.
Hyperoxemia – too much of a good thing?
Authors: Gershengorn Hayley
Published: October 2014

While avoiding hypoxemia has long been a goal of critical care practitioners, less attention has been paid to the potential for excessive oxygenation. Interest has mounted recently in understanding the clinical effects of hyperoxemia during critical illness, in particular its impact following cardiac arrest. In this issue of Critical Care, Dell’Anna and colleagues review available animal and human data evaluating the impact of hyperoxemia after cardiac arrest. They conclude that while hyperoxemia during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is probably desirable, it should probably be avoided during post-resuscitation care. These conclusions are in line with two broader themes in contemporary critical care: that less may be more; and that it is time to look beyond simply preventing short-term mortality towards longer-term outcomes.
Analyzing the value of monitoring duodenal mucosal perfusion using photoplethysmography
Authors: Fink Mitchell P
Published: October 2014

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a technique that permits noninvasive measurement of changes in the volume of tissues. A novel device uses PPG to assess changes in duodenal mucosal perfusion. When tested in septic piglets, data obtained using this device correlate with the blood lactate concentration and duodenal serosal microvascular blood flow as measured with a laser Doppler flowmeter. This new PPG-based approach for continuously monitoring gut mucosal perfusion warrants further development, leading to prospective clinical trials in patients.
Mass spectrometry assays of plasma biomarkers to predict radiographic progression of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Ritter Susan Y , Collins Jamie , Krastins Bryan , Sarracino David , Lopez Mary , Losina Elena , Aliprantis Antonios O
Published: October 2014

Introduction

Biomarkers to identify osteoarthritis (OA) patients at risk for disease progression are needed. As part of a proteomic analysis of knee synovial fluid from normal and OA patients, differentially expressed proteins were identified that could represent potential biomarkers for OA. This study aimed to use mass spectrometry assays to identify representative peptides from several proteins in synovial fluid and peripheral blood, and assess their levels as biomarkers of OA progression.

Methods

Multiplexed high throughput selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assays were developed to measure tryptic peptides representative of 23 proteins in matched serum and synovial fluid samples from late OA subjects at the time of joint replacement. Subsequently plasma samples from the baseline visit of 173 subjects in an observational OA cohort were tested by SRM for peptides from nine of these proteins: afamin, clusterin, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, hepatocyte growth factor, kallistatin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein, acid labile subunit, lubricin, lumican, and pigment epithelium-derived factor. Linear regression was used to determine the association between the peptide biomarker level at baseline and change in joint space width (ΔJSW) from baseline to 30 months, adjusting for age and sex.

Results

In the matched cohort, 17 proteins could be identified in synovial fluid and 16 proteins were detected in serum. For the progression cohort, the average age was 62 and average ΔJSW over 30 months was 0.68 mm. A high correlation between different peptides from individual proteins was observed, indicating our assays correctly measured their target proteins. Peptides representative of clusterin, lumican and lubricin showed statistically significant associations with joint space narrowing after adjustment for age and sex. Partial R2 values showed clusterin FMETVAEK and lubricin LVEVNPK peptide biomarkers explains about 2 to 3% of the variability of ΔJSW, similar to that explained by age. A biomarker score combining normalized data for both lubricin and clusterin peptides increased the model R2 to 0.079.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that when combined, levels of peptides representative of clusterin and lubricin in plasma are as predictive of OA progression as age. Replication of these findings in other prospective OA cohorts is planned.
Gesture-controlled interactive three dimensional anatomy: A novel teaching tool in head and neck surgery
Authors: Hochman Jordan B , Unger Bertram , Kraut Jay , Pisa Justyn , Hombach-Klonisch Sabine
Published: October 2014

Background

There is a need for innovative anatomic teaching tools. This paper describes a three dimensional (3D) tool employing the Microsoft Kinect ™. Using this instrument, 3D temporal bone anatomy can be manipulated with the use of hand gestures, in the absence of mouse or keyboard.

Methods

CT Temporal bone data is imported into an image processing program and segmented. This information is then exported in polygonal mesh format to an in-house designed 3D graphics engine with an integrated Microsoft Kinect™. Motion in the virtual environment is controlled by tracking hand position relative to the user's left shoulder.

Results

The tool successfully tracked scene depth and user joint locations. This permitted gesture-based control over the entire 3D environment. Stereoscopy was deemed appropriate with significant object projection, while still maintaining the operator's ability to resolve image details. Specific anatomical structures can be selected from within the larger virtual environment. These structures can be extracted and rotated at the discretion of the user. Voice command employing the Kinect's™ intrinsic speech library was also implemented, but is easily confounded by environmental noise.

Conclusion

There is a need for the development of virtual anatomy models to complement traditional education. Initial development is time intensive. Nonetheless, our novel gesture-controlled interactive 3D model of the temporal bone represents a promising interactive teaching tool utilizing a novel interface.
Gene expression-based enrichment of live cells from adipose tissue produces subpopulations with improved osteogenic potential
Authors: Marble Hetal D , Sutermaster Bryan A , Kanthilal Manisha , Fonseca Vera C , Darling Eric M
Published: October 2014

Introduction

Mesenchymal stem cells have been increasingly used for cell-based therapies. Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of fat tissue are a particularly attractive option for cell based therapy given their accessibility and relative abundance. However, their application in both clinical and basic science investigations is complicated by the isolation of differentiable cells within the SVF. Current enrichment strategies, such as monolayer passaging and surface marker-based sorting, can be time-consuming or overly stringent. Ideally, a population of cells with great regenerative capacity could be isolated with high yields so that extensive in vitro manipulation is not necessary. The objective of this study was to determine whether SVF cells sorted based on expression of alkaline phosphatase liver/bone/kidney (ALPL) resulted in populations with increased osteogenic differentiation potential.

Methods

SVF samples were obtained from four, human donors and processed to isolate initial, heterogeneous cell populations. These SVF cells underwent a four day osteogenic priming period, after which they were treated with a fluorescent, oligodeoxynucleotide molecular beacon probe specific for ALPL mRNA. Cells were separated into positive and negative groups using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) then differentiated down the osteogenic lineage. Differentiation was assessed by measuring calcified matrix production in each sample.

Results

Cells positive for ALPL expression (ALPL+) represented approximately 34% of the gated population, while cells negative for ALPL expression (ALPL-) represented approximately 18%. ALPL+ cells produced 3.7-fold and 2.1-fold more calcified matrix than ALPL- and unsorted SVF cells, respectively, indicating a significant improvement in osteogenic differentiation. Further, ALPL+ cells showed increases in metabolite production for both adipogenesis and chondrogenesis, suggesting that the enrichment process yields an enhanced multipotent phenotype. Osteogenic differentiation response and cell yields for ALPL+ cells were markedly improved over surface marker-sorted samples.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates a novel method to enrich heterogeneous SVF cells for increased osteogenic potential. The procedure requires less time and results in higher yields of therapeutically useful cells than other existing approaches. Gene expression-based sorting of MSCs is a potentially paradigm-shifting approach that could benefit applications spanning from basic science to clinical therapy.
President's Page
Authors: Steeples Don W.
Published: October 2014

Even though I have been an SEG member for 40 years, my career as a geophysicist is over except for the various SEG committee assignments over the next five years that come as past-president obligations. As I fade into the geophysical sunset, I will be a full-time wheat farmer as long as my physical condition will allow me to enjoy driving a tractor. So in this, my last President's Page, I would like to offer some observations about the changes I have seen in SEG during my time as a member, particularly with respect to near-surface (NS) geophysics.
Five freshman women are among 173 students receiving record $590,000 in SEG scholarship support
Authors: Smith Sara E.
Published: October 2014

When Shannon Castro was a child, the rocks and minerals around her were more than playthings. They were objects for her to discover and explore. Unlike many fads in her preteen years, the desire to collect and study rocks remained at the forefront of her passions. By the time she entered high school in Texas, she was itching to try her hand at the science that had fascinated her for so long.
Use of S-wave attenuation from perforation shots to map the growth of the stimulated reservoir volume in the Marcellus gas shale
Authors: Tan Yunhui , Chai Chengping , Engelder Terry
Published: October 2014

Water-filled fractures stimulated by hydraulic fracturing will severely attenuate S-waves. By comparing the P- and S-wave amplitudes generated from perforation shots in the Marcellus gas shale, one can infer the existence and constrain the location of stimulated hydraulic fractures. The waveforms of the perforation shots in unstimulated gas shale are first analyzed to define the prestimulation radiation pattern. Then the change of perforation-shot S-wave waveform is examined for information about the development of hydraulic fractures. S-wave attenuation validates the existence of offstage hydraulic fractures and the invasion of treatment fluid from another neighbor stage. This method might have potential use in designing an active seismic survey to more effectively monitor hydraulic-fracture stimulation beyond the current microseismic mapping techniques.
Bahorich: Computing technology is changing imaging and seismic acquisition
Authors: Tubman Ken
Published: October 2014

For the second installment in our interview series, Ray Scippa, director of internal communications at ConocoPhillips, sat down with Michael S. Bahorich, executive vice president and chief technology officer at Apache Corporation.

Watch the second installment in the Technology Leaders Interview Series here

[Figure: see text]
Unearthing secrets: Geoscientists Without Borders
Authors: Clark Dean
Published: October 2014

The ability of modern geophysical techniques to noninvasively probe a sensitive area, and one apparently of major historical importance, has been dramatically demonstrated by a Geoscientists Without Borders (GWB) project in Greece. The project, as part of a larger ongoing effort, provided crucial time- and labor-saving information leading to the selection of the most promising area to excavate.
Data sonification with the seismic signature of ocean surf
Authors: Tang Yongpeng
Published: October 2014

The rapid growth of data-collecting technologies has led to massive amounts of information, but an emerging problem of the twenty-first century is extracting “meaning” from such “big data.” Sonification, an exploratory data-analysis method that transforms data into acoustic signals, is a potential solution to complex data-mining problems ( Hermann, 2002 ).
Reviews
Authors: Wood Ray , Green William R. , Bartel David , Taylor Patrick , Treitel Sven
Published: October 2014

The Billion Dollar Paperclip — Think Smarter About Your Data, by G. Short, ISBN 978-0989742603, 2013, Madeline Books, 154 pp., US $24.95 (e-book available).

Geophysics for the Mineral Exploration Geoscientist, by M. Dentith and S. T. Mudge, ISBN 978-0-521-80951-1, 2014, Cambridge University Press, 438 pp., US $75 (e-book available).

Principles of Seismic Velocities and Time-to-Depth Conversion, by M. Al-Chalabi, ISBN 978-90-73834-87-3, 2014, EAGE Publications, 488 pp., €125.00.

Geological Interpretation of Aeromagnetic Data, by D. Isles and L. Rankin, ISBN 9780643098091, 2013, SEG, CD, US $102 ($88 members).

Full Waveform Inversion in an Anisotropic World, by T. A. Alkhalifah, ISBN 13 978-90-73834-83-5, 2014, European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, Education Tour Series, 2014, 204 pp., €75 (e-book available).
Memorial
Authors: de Beer Johan , Combrinck Magdel
Published: October 2014

Memorial for: Willem Botha
Supramolecularly Engineered Functional π-Assemblies Based on Complementary Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions
Authors: Yagai Shiki
Published: October 2014

As details of exciting photonic and electronic properties arising from self-assembled functional dyes and related π-conjugated molecules become clearer, strategies for control of short and long-range chromophore–chromophore orientations, regulation of π–π stacking arrangements, construction of self-organized nano-to-microscale architectures, diversification of materials properties, analysis of self-assembly pathways, and impartment of stimuli-responsive properties, are all becoming important issues in the research area of organic functional materials. This article focuses on the supramolecular assemblies of dyes and related π-conjugated systems whose organization processes are rationally controlled by complementary multiple hydrogen bonding (CMHB) interactions between melamine and barbituric acid/cyanurate functional units. The article includes an overview of the construction principle of such systems, but special attention is focused on the work carried out in the authors’s group (since 2002) using azobenzene, diarylethene, merocyanine, perylene bisimide dyes, and π-conjugated oligomers including oligo(p-phenylenevinylene), oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene), and oligothiophenes. The design principles discussed in this account could open up new avenues to novel functional aspect and application of functional dyes and small-molecular π-conjugated systems.
Case Report: Bilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction due to Borrelia Burgdorferi
Authors: Basunaid Suhail , van der Grinten Chris , Cobben Nicole , Otte Astrid , Sprooten Roy , Gernot Rohde
Published: October 2014

Summary:

In this case report we describe a rare case of bilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction due to Lyme disease.

Case report:

A 62-years-old male presented to the hospital because of flu-like symptoms. During initial evaluation a bilateral diaphragmatic weakness with orthopnea and nocturnal hypoventilation was observed, without a known aetiology. Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis was confirmed by fluoroscopy with a positive sniff test. The patient was referred to our centre for chronic non-invasive nocturnal ventilation (cNPPV). Subsequent investigations revealed evidence of anti-Borrelia seroactivity in EIA-IgG and IgG-blot, suggesting a recent infection with Lyme disease, and resulted in a 4-week treatment with oral doxycycline. The symptoms of nocturnal hypoventilation were successfully improved with cNPPV. However, our patient still shows impaired diaphragmatic function but he is no longer fully dependent on nocturnal ventilatory support.    

Conclusion:

Lyme disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diaphragmatic dysfunction. It is a tick-borne illness caused by one of the three pathogenic species of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, present in Europe. A delay in recognizing the symptoms can negatively affect the success of treatment. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) is considered a treatment option for patients with diaphragmatic paralysis.
Modern Approaches to Classification of Legal Persons (to the 90th Anniversary of V.E. Chirkin)
Authors: Khabriyeva Taliya
Published: October 2014

Along with the existing in legislation of Russia division of legal persons into commercial and non-commerсial, which is based on economic criteria, the article substantiates the classification of legal persons according to legal basis into persons of private and public law; it singles out legal entities of transitional forms and defines juridic features inherent to them. Developing the existing provisions of Article 48 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the author proposes a revised general definition of a legal person and the definition of a legal person of public law.
Multiple Offences in the Modern Doctrine: Notion and Features
Authors: Shkredova Evelina
Published: October 2014

The article is devoted to the investigation of the conception concerning multiple offences in the modern criminal law doctrine. The author analyses different points of view of the scientists on the definition of multiple offences and comes to the conclusion that in the definition and the analyses of the signs of this or that phenomenon it is necessary to show its essence. In the conclusion a number of doctrinal views of multiple offences is criticized. In the connection our own view on the definition of multiple offences and its signs is suggested.
Anti-Corruption Monitoring Mechanisms in Activities of International Organizations at Universal and Regional Levels
Authors: Kashirkina Anna , Morozov Andrey
Published: October 2014

In the scientific article explores the issues of monitoring and evaluation of the implementation by States of international treaties in the field of combating corruption. The definition of the international anti-corruption standards. There are problems that arise during the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of implementation by States of international anti-corruption commitments under various international organizations, including the UN, OECD, Transparency International. We investigate various criteria and indicators for the international monitoring of manifestations of corruption, including political, legal, informational, social indicators based on the experience of functioning of various international organizations.A legal definition of indicators the evaluation of anti-corruption mechanisms and their classification. Explores the role of individual indicators in the international monitoring and evaluation of the manifestations of the level of corruption in the framework of the UN, OECD, GRECO and other international organizations. Proposals for the formation of the Eurasian anticorruptional strategy in promotion of Eurasian integration.
Social Capital in Knowledge Based Economy. Chosen Aspects
Authors: Libertowska Andżelika
Published: October 2014

The article raises the issue of social capital in the context of building a knowledge-based economy. Globalization, the increasing mobility of factors of production and the development of information technology have all led companies towards a stronger competitive struggle. Competing with factors of production of material nature has become insufficient. Therefore, the interest of economists is now focusing on the role of informal institutions in the process of economic growth. The growth of the designations of social capital such as trust, norms and values, collaboration and relationship building, affects the ease of information flow, creation and transfer of knowledge - all of which translate into a reduction of transaction costs, increased innovativeness and competitiveness. The purpose of this article is to present the importance of social capital in the process of building a knowledge-based economy, and above all, the growth of innovativeness and entrepreneurship on the example of Poland. The study contains a review of literature sources which deal with the role of informal institutions in the fundamental aspects of knowledge economy, and thus, the value of companies, their intellectual capital, ease of business transactions, and above all, innovativeness. The last factor is presented on the canvas of current empirical data derived from institutions analyzing the level of Polish innovativeness. In addition, the article presents the results of empirical research on cross-organizational collaboration of selected companies of the food sector in Greater Poland and the importance of social capital in achieving competitive advantage in the international arena.
Employee Attitudes Towards Organizational Change in Relation to Enterprise Competitiveness. Remarks on the Role of Information Quality
Authors: Kijewska Joanna , Nowak Witold
Published: October 2014

The aim of the paper is to reconstruct the category of “information quality” and to attempt answering the question: how are employee’s attitudes towards organisational change related to the quality of information concerning that process in the context of enterprises’ competitiveness? The secondary data analysis method – covering theoretical literature and numerous empirical studies results – is applied to attain the above-mentioned research aims. The results of conducted analysis are presented in the following order. Firstly, the category of ‘information quality’ is conceptualised, the factors which influence the information quality are identified and the authors’ scheme for analysing the information quality is proposed. Secondly, the view on employees’ attitudes towards organisational change is presented. Thirdly, the conditions of the information transmission in the organisational change process are analysed. Further, conceptual remarks on the influence of information quality on attitudes towards organisational change are presented on the background of previous research results. Since the idea of incorporating the concept of information quality in the theoretical considerations and empirical models in the area of research on attitudes towards organisational change seems to be promising, the authors propose the directions of further research in the final part of the paper.
Contemporary Monopolies in the Polish Economy – the Case Study of PWPW
Authors: Lewandowski Remigiusz
Published: October 2014

The paper presents the role of PWPW, as a company with some attributes of a natural monopoly, in contemporary Polish economy. It shows that commercial companies – performing special tasks which are necessary for the functioning of state and which concern identification as well as transactional security and at the same time take advantages of the economy of scale and range as a condition of their presence and development – have a logically justified place in the economy. They are a source of benefits for shareholders in the form of taxes, dividends and other economic benefits, as well as the value of the company itself. Moreover, they are creators of domestic employment and they enrich the national potential of technology. Also, such firms provide a right level of identification and transactional security, which influences the stability and reliability of legal and economic relations. The necessary conditions in order to realize the benefits coming from owning a company such as PWPW by the state are the company’s business continuity, the stability of its domain of action and the financial stability. These conditions can be fulfilled through a certain partnership between the state and PWPW in the form of a legal monopoly or lasting and stable commercial contracts.
K-Optimal Design via Semidefinite Programming and Entropy Optimization
Authors: Maréchal Pierre , Ye Jane J. , Zhou Julie
Published: October 2014

In this paper, we consider the problem of optimal design of experiments. A two-step inference strategy is proposed. The first step consists in minimizing the condition number of the so-called information matrix. This step can be turned into a semidefinite programming problem. The second step is more classical, and it entails the minimization of a convex integral functional under linear constraints. This step is formulated in some infinite-dimensional space and is solved by means of a dual approach. Numerical simulations will show the relevance of our approach.
Economical Graph Discovery
Authors: Alon Noga , Emek Yuval , Feldman Michal , Tennenholtz Moshe
Published: October 2014

We consider the problem of graph discovery in settings where the graph topology is known and the edge weights are hidden. The setting consists of a weighted graph G with n vertices and m edges and with designated source s and destination t. We study two different discovery problems, namely, (i) edge weight discovery, where the goal is to discover all edge weights, and (ii) shortest path discovery, where the goal is to discover a shortest (s, t)-path. This discovery is done by means of agents that traverse different (s, t)-paths in multiple rounds and report back the total cost they incurred. Three cost models are considered, differing from each other in their approach to congestion effects. In particular, we consider congestion-free models as well as models with positive and negative congestion effects. We seek bounds on the number of rounds and the number of agents required to complete the edge weights or the shortest path discovery. Several results concerning such bounds for both directed and undirected graphs are established. Among these results, we show that (1) for undirected graphs, all edge weights can be discovered within a single round consisting of m agents, (2) discovering a shortest path in either undirected or directed acyclic graphs requires at least m − n + 1 agents, and (3) the edge weights in a directed acyclic graph can be discovered in m rounds with m + n − 2 agents under congestion-aware cost models. Our study introduces a new setting of graph discovery under uncertainty and provides fundamental understanding of the problem.
Effective fundraising for school libraries
Authors: Craven Sophie
Published: October 2014

Sophie Craven highlights the importance of school libraries to support teaching and learning, and describes how schools can access funds for creating library facilities fit for 21st century learning.
Tips on making a Big Lottery Fund application
Authors: Bannister Nick
Published: October 2014

In his regular column Nick Bannister invites experts to share five pieces of advice. This month, Nick Bannister suggests five ways of preparing a successful application to the Awards for All programme.
The Electromagnetic Radiation Mechanism
Authors:   Physics Department, University of Nairobi, P.O.BOX 30197 Nairobi, Kenya, Yousif Mahmoud E.
Published: October 2014

This paper suggested a mechanism for Electromagnetic Radiation (EM-R); the mechanism is based on the Flip-Flop (F-F) of combined Circular Magnetic Field (CMF) and Electric Field (EF) produced by energetic charged particles, the action released the EM-R; while as the F-F generates EM-R, it is also achieved within specific Flipping Time (tF), the inverse of which is the Flipping Frequency (fF), the model is compared with Maxwell’s two transformations to elaborate differences and characteristics, hence when EM-R is better understood, that will reflects on the physical world and related human ideas and philosophies.
On the Schottky Barrier Height Lowering Effect of Ti3SiC2 in Ohmic Contacts to P-Type 4H-SiC
Authors:   School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK, Fisher C. A.
Published: October 2014

In this paper, an experimental investigation into titanium (Ti) / aluminium (Al)-based ohmic contacts to p-type 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) has been presented. Electrical characterisation of the fabricated contacts showed that metal structures with an initial Ti layer yielded the lowest specific contact resistance (ρc), with a mean value of 3.7×10-5 Ω-cm2 being achieved after annealing in argon (Ar) at 1000°C for 2 minutes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis illustrated the epitaxial relationship between the 4H-SiC and the as-deposited Ti layer, and, in conjunction with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, showed that after annealing a ~5 nm thick layer of Ti3SiC2 was present, epitaxially arranged with the 4H-SiC. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the presence of the Ti3SiC2 metallic phase was more prevalent in the samples with Ti as the initial metal layer annealed at 1000°C, which corresponded with lower specific contact resistance. Fitting of experimental data to a thermionic field emission (TFE) model allowed the Schottky barrier height to be extracted; it was found that the lowest Schottky barrier heights were more prevalent where the most intense Ti3SiC2 phases were observed during XRD analysis.
Goidelskie wierzenia w celtyckim opakowaniu
Authors: Faszcza Michał Norbert
Published: October 2014

Recenzja książki: Bożena Gierek, Religie Celtów, Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków 2013, 356 s.
GRANICE WOLNOŚCI RELIGIJNEJ — DYLEMAT WSPÓŁCZESNYCH DEMOKRACJI
Authors: Taczkowska-Olszewska Joanna
Published: October 2014

Recenzja książki: Witold Sobczak, Wolność myśli, sumienia i religii. Poszukiwanie standardu europejskiego, Dom Wydawniczy Duet, Toruń 2013, 789 s.
Salivary morning androstenedione and 17α-OH progesterone levels in childhood and puberty in patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: de Groot Monique J.M. , Pijnenburg-Kleizen Karijn J. , Thomas Chris M.G. , Sweep Fred C.G.J. , Stikkelbroeck Nike M.M.L. , Otten Barto J. , Claahsen-van der Grinten Hedi L.
Published: October 2014

Treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency can be monitored by salivary androstenedione (A-dione) and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) levels. There are no objective criteria for setting relevant target values or data on changes of 17OHP and A-dione during monitoring.

We evaluated A-dione and 17OHP levels in nearly 2000 salivary samples collected during long-term treatment of 84 paediatric patients with classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

A-dione and 17OHP levels and its ratio 17OHP/A-dione remained constant from 4 to 11 years with no sex-related differences. During puberty, A-dione and 17OHP levels both increased, starting at earlier age in girls than in boys. The ratio 17OHP/A-dione declined. Normalised A-dione concomitant with elevated 17OHP [1.43 nmol/L (0.46–4.41) during prepuberty; 2.36 nmol/L (0.63–8.89) for boys and 1.99 nmol/L (0.32–6.98) for girls during puberty] could be obtained with overall median glucocorticoid doses of 11–15 mg/m

Normalised A-dione consistent with 17OHP three times URL during prepuberty and normalised A-dione consistent with 4–6 times URL during puberty could be obtained by moderate glucocorticoid dosages. A constant 17OHP/A-dione ratio during prepuberty suggested absence of adrenarche. During puberty, a higher percentage of samples met the criteria for undertreatment, especially of boys.
Future of FEMA – Preparedness or Politics?
Authors: Kahan Jerome
Published: October 2014

Throughout its history, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has been subjected to periods of criticism – notably, its response to Hurricane Katrina – sprinkled with peaks of praise – notably, its handling of Hurricane Sandy. As currently articulated, FEMA’s primary purpose is to better prepare states and local entities to respond to disasters by mitigating the consequences of those disasters and helping to start the recovery process. If first responders cannot adequately handle a situation, then federal operational assistance led by FEMA would come into play. FEMA is now on the proper path toward meeting realistic expectations of its role as the federal agency in charge of leading and coordinating efforts to ensure that the nation is well prepared to cope with natural disasters, accidents, and terrorist attacks. However, political forces have always buffeted FEMA. Within the politically charged atmosphere of the forthcoming presidential election, questions of whether FEMA should once again become independent are emerging, with hints of the more extreme suggestion that the agency be abolished. FEMA’s goal of continuing to effectively meet its disaster relief responsibilities can be reached only if political influences are not allowed to complicate and perhaps even halt its progress.
Voice, register and social position
Authors: Blackledge Adrian , Creese Angela , Kaur Takhi Jaspreet
Published: October 2014

In this article the notion of “community” is examined through a lens which focuses on the way people interact and communicate in and around a Panjabi complementary school. Analysis of linguistic ethnographic data contributes to understandings of how identities are produced and reproduced, and how belonging becomes naturalised. The analysis offers a means to develop a nuanced understanding of the complexity, unpredictability and mobility of late modern, urban “communities”. The article considers linguistic repertoires in play in two family settings, and views these repertoires through the lens of
Educational trajectories at the crossroads: The making and unmaking of multilingual communities of learners
Authors: Budach Gabriele
Published: October 2014

This article investigates the educational trajectories of young multilingual learners in Germany. Drawing on previous ethnographic research in a primary bilingual German-Italian Two-Way-Immersion classroom, this study examines the continuity and fragmentation of multilingual learning as they occur in the transition from primary to secondary education. Scrutinizing conditions and ideologies which underlie these processes, I argue that, in this context, multilingualism as an educational resource undergoes a fundamental meaning shift. While in primary school multilingualism is valued as capital for social inclusion, permitting the emergence of a temporary, spatio-temporally confined bilingual community of practice (Budach 2009), secondary education emphasizes multilingualism as a form of capital for social mobility and individual distinction, which undermines the conditions for a joint multilingual endeavor. The paper demonstrates how multilingual learners cope with this educational and societal imperative, locating their own position and navigating educational options available to them.
Complementary schools in action: Networking for language development in East London
Authors: Sneddon Raymonde
Published: October 2014

In a challenging economic and political context, complementary schools in East London are mentoring each other and forming networks across communities to gain recognition and status for community languages in education and the wider community. As issues of power and status impact in different ways on differently situated communities, complementary schools are uniquely positioned to support the needs of new communities as they discover how quickly their children become dominant in English and lose the active use of the family language when they start school. The study is focused around an Albanian organisation that has developed a strong model of partnership by which mainstream and complementary schools work closely together to develop children’s multilingual skills. The study explores how the mentoring process has supported Polish, Somali, Portuguese and Lithuanian complementary schools to meet the language needs of their communities, to raise the local profile of their cultures, to raise awareness of the importance and value of bilingualism in community languages, and to support pupils to engage directly with examination boards and policy makers at both local and national level.
On not taking language inequality for granted: Hymesian traces in ethnographic monitoring of South Africa’s multilingual language policy
Authors: Hornberger Nancy H.
Published: October 2014

South African higher education is at a critical juncture in the implementation of South Africa’s multilingual language policy promoting institutional status for nine African languages, English, and Afrikaans. South African scholars, not content merely to comment from the sidelines on the policy, its promise, and challenges, have also engaged in implementation efforts. This article explores two such initiatives, both focusing on the use of African languages in higher education institutions where English is already established as the medium of instruction, and both undertaken with explicit goals of righting South Africa’s longstanding social injustices. I collaborated with colleagues at the University of Limpopo and the University of KwaZulu-Natal to assess current implementation and identify next steps and strategies for achieving truly multilingual teaching, learning, and research at their institutions. Taking up Hymes’ (1980) call for ethnographic monitoring of bilingual education, I sought in each case to jointly describe and analyze current communicative conduct, uncover emergent patterns and meanings in program implementation, and evaluate program and policy in terms of social meanings. I argue that ethnographic monitoring in education offers one means toward
Percepciones y creencias sobre el estudio de la Filosofía de los estudiantes de la Educación Diversificada en Costa Rica / Perceptions and beliefs on the philosophy curriculum among costa rican Senior High School students
Authors: Carvajal Villaplana Álvaro
Published: October 2014

En 1998 se inicia el desarrollo de la investigación: "Situación de la enseñanza de la filosofía en la Educación Diversificada de Costa Rica", N° 743-99-298, en el Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas (INIF) de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR). El estudio se basó en una encuesta preparada para evaluar la enseñanza de la filosofía, a partir de la opinión y creencia de los estudiantes de la educación diversificada en Costa Rica que, en efecto, reciben filosofía. La encuesta evalúa cinco componentes: (a) Conocimiento del programa y objetivos del curso; (b) Percepción de la clase de filosofía; (c) Conocimiento de temas y autores; (d) Mediación pedagógica del personal docente y (e) Actitud hacia la filosofía. Para llevarla a cabo, esta encuesta se aplicó en el año 2002; se escogieron once regiones educativas del país y del total de regiones se entrevistaron a 543 estudiantes. En este trabajo se describen y analizan los principales resultados de esa encuesta.

 

A research project on the teaching of philosophy in Costa Rica's senior high schools was began in 1998. It was registered at the Institute for Research in Philosophy, University of Costa Rica, as Project #743-99-298. The study is an evaluation of the teaching of philosophy, from the opinion and believes of the student in Costa Rica’s senior high schools. The survey evaluates five components:(a) Knowledge of the program and objectives of the course. (b) Perception of the philosophy classes. (c) Knowledge of topics and authors. (d) Pedagogic Mediation of the educational personnel and (e) Attitude toward the philosophy. The survey was applied in the year 2002. It is realized in eleven country’s educative regions. They interviewed to 543 students. In this paper the main results of the survey are described and analyzed.
Klassifikation der Bandscheibendegeneration des Hundes in der nativen Computertomographie und der Hochfeld-Magnetresonanztomographie
Authors: Harder L. , Ludwig D. , Galindo-Zamora V. , Wefstaedt P. , Nolte I.
Published: October 2014

Gegenstand und Ziel: Die Klassifikation der kaninen Bandscheibendegeneration in der Magnetresonanztomographie ist in der Literatur beschrieben, während für die computertomographische Untersuchung kaniner Bandscheibenveränderungen bisher kein etabliertes Klassifikationssystem existiert. Da die Computertomographie ein häufig genutztes bildgebendes Verfahren in der Tiermedizin darstellt, war Ziel dieser Studie, ein derartiges Klassifikationssystems zu erstellen und zu validieren. Als vergleichende Methode stand eine T2-gewichtete magnetresonanztomographische Untersuchung zur Verfügung. Material und Methoden: Die computertomographische und magnetresonanztomographische Untersuchung von 43 Hunden ergab Bilddatensätze von 144 Bandscheiben. Diese Datensätze wurden verblindet, randomisiert und jeweils zweimal von drei Gutachtern beurteilt. Der Bewertung computertomographischer Datensätze lag das selbst entwickelte Klassifikationssystem zugrunde, während für die magnetresonanztomographischen Datensätze das Klassifikationssystem nach Pfirrmann angewendet wurde. Die Intra-und Interobserver-Übereinstimmung wurde mittels Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Die Intra-und Interobserver-Übereinstimmung des Klassifikationssystems nach Pfirrmann (D-Werte 0,58–0,77) und des selbst entwickelten Klassifikationssystems (D-Werte 0,60–0,81) waren überwiegend gut. Zwischen den beiden Klassifikationssystemen ergab sich eine geringe Übereinstimmung (D = 0,26–0,29). Schlussfolgerung undklinische Relevanz: Eine zuverlässige Bewertung der Bandscheibendegeneration in der Computertomographie ist mit dem selbst entwickelten Klassifikationssystem möglich. Somit lassen sich zusätzliche Informationen für Diagnose und Prognose gewinnen. Die Computertomographie erfasst degenerative Veränderungen allerdings erst in einem fortgeschritteneren Stadium als die Magnetresonanztomographie.
Crescimento de mudas de Ateleia glazioviana em substratos contendo diferentes materiais orgânicos
Authors: Gonçalves Elzimar Oliveira , Petri Gabrieli Moschen , Caldeira Marcos Vinicius Winckler , Dalmaso Tatiana Torezani , Silva Aderbal Gomes
Published: October 2014

Na produção de mudas com qualidade, um aspecto importante são os substratos utilizados, pois estes precisam ter condições físicas e químicas adequadas às plantas. Dentro desse contexto, alguns materiais orgânicos vêm sendo utilizados em misturas de substratos para a produção de mudas. Desta forma, objetivou-se analisar o uso de substratos com materiais orgânicos no crescimento de mudas de timbó (Ateleia glazioviana Baill), em comparação ao substrato que contenha somente fertilizantes minerais. Para tanto, foram testados 11 tratamentos, variando-se a composição dos substratos com a mistura de diferentes proporções de materiais orgânicos: lodo de esgoto, esterco bovino e substrato comercial, e também só aplicação de fertilizante químico. Tais tratamentos foram dispostos no delineamento inteiramente casualisado com quatro repetições e com três mudas por repetição. A partir dos resultados observados, recomenda-se adicionar esterco bovino curtido ao menos 20% do volume do substrato na composição de substratos para produção de mudas de Ateleia glazioviana.
Resistência de painéis aglomerados de Acacia mangium Willd. colados com ureia-formaldeído e taninos a organismos xilófagos
Authors: Gonçalves Fabricio Gomes , Brocco Victor Fassina , Paes Juarez Benigno , Loiola Pedro Licio , Lelis Roberto Carlos Costa
Published: October 2014

Objetivou-se avaliar a resistência de aglomerados confeccionados com madeira de Acacia mangium Willd. colada com adesivo à base de ureia-formaldeído e taninos a organismos xilófagos. Os painéis foram produzidos com 40 × 40 × 1,27 cm (largura × comprimento × espessura); ao adesivo, foram adicionados 10, 20 e 30% de taninos, sendo empregadas quatro razões de compactação (1,39; 1,55; 1,73 e 2,00). Nos ensaios com fungos e térmitas, utilizaram‑se amostras de 2,50 × 2,50 × 1,27 cm (largura × comprimento × espessura). Empregaram-se os fungos Gloeophyllum trabeum e Trametes versicolor (12 semanas de ensaio) e o térmita Nasutitermes sp. (45 dias de ensaio). Para o Gloeophyllum trabeum, os painéis com maior proporção de taninos e razão de compactação foram mais eficientes. Para o Trametes versicolor, não houve diferença entre os adesivos e razões de compactação utilizados. O Gloeophyllum causou maior perda de massa que o Trametes. Os térmitas consumiram completamente as amostras.
Teores de fenóis totais e taninos nas cascas de angico-vermelho (Anadenanthera peregrina)
Authors: Sartori Caroline Junqueira , Castro Ana Hortência Fonsêca , Mori Fabio Akira
Published: October 2014

Este trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar fenóis totais e taninos nas cascas de angico-vermelho (Anadenanthera peregrina) em diferentes classes de diâmetro, além de comparar duas metodologias de quantificação de fenóis. Foram coletadas cascas de 35 árvores, distribuídas em sete classes diamétricas. As cascas foram secas ao ar livre, trituradas e peneiradas, sendo utilizado o material retido na peneira de 60 mesh. Para a extração dos fenóis, utilizou-se metanol:água (50%). O doseamento de fenóis totais foi realizado pelos métodos de Folin-Denis e Folin-Ciocalteau modificados, e para taninos, pelo método difusão radial. Não foi encontrada diferença estatística entre as metodologias de quantificação de fenóis. Verificou-se aumento nos teores de fenóis e taninos com o aumento do diâmetro das árvores.
Relação entre perfil de densidade e ligação interna de painéis OSB de Pinus spp
Authors: Surdi Paula Gabriella , Bortoletto Jr. Geraldo , Castro Vinicius Resende , Mendes Rafael Farinassi , Almeida Natalie Ferreira de , Tomazello Filho Mario
Published: October 2014

O presente trabalho teve por objetivos determinar a densidade aparente de painéis OSB de Pinus taeda e Pinus elliottii var. elliottii × Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis pelo método gravimétrico e pela densitometria de raios X, obter os perfis densitométricos e verificar sua correlação com a propriedade mecânica de ligação interna. A densidade aparente dos painéis foi determinada pela densitometria de raios X e pelo método gravimétrico, utilizando três corpos de prova (50 × 50 mm) por tratamento. Após as determinações de densidade aparente, os 24 corpos de prova foram submetidos ao ensaio de ligação interna. O método gravimétrico aplicado na determinação da densidade aparente apresentou resultados significativamente maiores do que o método densitométrico. Verificou-se que a densidade mínima do painel, obtida pela densitometria de raios X, teve forte influência na densidade média do painel. Houve correlação entre os valores de densidade aparente dos painéis obtidos por atenuação de raios X e os resultados de ligação interna.