bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability Assessment of Audio Generating Devices- Horn
Authors: Joshi Vivek S. , Jape Akshay
Published: December 2024

The increase in vehicular traffic on Indian roads has led to a significant rise in the frequency of horn usage, particularly in city driving conditions and during peak traffic hours. Existing electro-mechanical horns are designed to have a mission life of 100,000 cycles according to Indian standards IS 1884 [1]. However, the intensified usage patterns have prompted a re-evaluation of the efficacy of these requirements. Studies reveal that the average horn blow frequency for normal usage vehicles is approximately three times per kilometer. When extrapolated to various usage categories, such as public transport and privately owned vehicles, observed increase in average horn blowing frequency per kilometer. When extrapolated, this corresponds to more than 4 lakhs cycles for a vehicle mission life of 2.5 lakhs kilometers. This insight drives the need to review and update validation test specifications to better align with customer usage patterns, thereby enhancing component reliability. By doing so, we can also predict potential failures or issues at an early development stage of components or project, leading to a more robust validation process and ultimately improving overall customer satisfaction. Additionally, for electro-mechanical horns field failure issues of horns not working, early kilometers tuning, and bobbin melting are increasing due to this rise in the frequency of horn usage. This emphases for review and optimization of horn validation test specifications.
Deployment of Continuous Integration and Continuous Testing in Mobility for Software Qualification Test
Authors: Hande Sheetal Vikram , Mandava Balaji Bharath
Published: December 2024

In the rapidly evolving field of automotive engineering, the drive for innovation is relentless. One critical component of modern vehicles is the automotive ECU. Ensuring the reliability and performance of ECU is paramount, and this has led to the integration of advanced testing methodologies such as Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing. In conjunction with HIL, the adoption of Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Testing (CT) processes has revolutionized how automotive ECU are developed and validated. This paper explores the integration of CI and CT in HIL testing for automotive ECU, highlighting the benefits, challenges, and best practices.

Continuous Integration and Continuous Test (CI/CT) are essential practices in software development. Continuous Integration process involves regularly integrating code changes into the main branch, ensuring that it does not interfere with the work of other developers. The CI/CT server automatically build and test code whenever a new commit is done. The primary goal is to minimize defects and conflicts during the integration of the entire project. Jenkins is one of the automation servers which has been used in automotive programs. Continuous Test is the deployment of automated testing on automotive ECU software by selection of appropriate test environment such as HIL to perform required test cases. By adopting CI/CT, development teams can receive early feedback on delivered software which will lead to less defects and deliver high-quality software. CI/CT methodology provides rapid feedback, facilitating swift problem identification and resolution before they escalate into major challenges.
Optimization of Console Armrest Design for Reduction of G-Values in Head Impact Testing
Authors: Malhotra Deepak , Vaishnav Suresh , Sureshkumar Presannakumari Rajasilpi , Mangal Gautam , Keshri Amit
Published: December 2024

Head injuries from interior impacts during vehicle accidents are a significant cause of fatalities in India. Data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) for 2023 reveals that approximately 15% of the total 150,000 road fatalities were due to head impacts on vehicle interiors, resulting in about 22,500 deaths. Thus, head impact protection in a car crash is key during the design of vehicle interiors.

IS 15223 and ECE-R21 provide specific guidelines for head impact testing of instrument panels and consoles in vehicles to ensure compliance with safety standards and minimize the risk of head injury during collisions. By systematically addressing each aspect of IS 15223 and ECE- R21 in the design, testing, and documentation phases, manufacturers can ensure that console armrests are optimized for safety. This approach not only helps meet regulatory standards but also enhances overall occupant protection in vehicles during collisions.

The objective of this paper is to design a console armrest that meets stringent head impact testing requirements and thereby enhances occupant safety in automotive applications. The research focuses on optimizing the armrest’s structural integrity to withstand dynamic loads and to transfer or dissipate that impact energy effectively.
Trailer Disengage Confirmation Alarm System for Electric Subsystems
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Kumar Pradeep , Suresh Karthikrajan , Kotian Pradeep , T Thirunavukkarasu , Chitreddy Bharath , R Sunilkumar
Published: December 2024

The truck industry's primary focus is on global transportation, necessitating the efficient movement of goods and materials. There are many types of trucks designed for different purposes, and one of the most significant ones is the tractor trailer which offers great flexibility and can carry heavy loads. The tractor-trailer assembly unit consists of a complex integration of mechanical, electrical, and pneumatic connections, each serving a critical role in the overall functionality and performance of the vehicle. The disconnection of electrical interconnections between the truck trailer and tractor is crucial to prevent damage to the connectors within the wiring harness, which can lead to hazardous situations on the road. The tractor unit serves as the power source, while the trailer is responsible for carrying cargo, with the wiring harness being a crucial yet vulnerable component.

When the trailer disengages from the fifth wheel coupling, it is vital to ensure that the electrical connections, which control lighting and trailer brakes, are also properly disconnected to prevent damage and potential safety risks. The proposed system employs advanced sensor technologies and intelligent algorithms to continuously monitor the status of these electrical connections. In the event of a disconnection, the system activates a robust alarm mechanism to promptly notify the driver, thus mitigating the risk of accidents and ensuring the safety of both the vehicle and other road users.

This paper presents a Trailer-Tractor Disengage Alarm System (TTDAS) designed to enhance safety in the electrical connections between the tractor and trailer of commercial vehicles. Key features of the TTDAS include real-time monitoring, rapid response times, and compatibility with various trailer configurations. The paper details the system architecture, encompassing the integration of sensors, control units, and the alarm mechanism. Additionally, the paper explores the algorithmic logic utilized to accurately detect trailer disengagements, thereby enhancing the reliability of the system.
Optimization of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Parameters for Cupronickel Material Using TOPSIS Method
Authors: Pasupuleti Thejasree , Natarajan Manikandan , Kiruthika Jothi , C Navya , Silambarasan R
Published: December 2024

Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a widely used manufacturing method that is employed to shape complex geometries in conductive materials such as cupronickel, which is highly regarded for its resistance to corrosion and ability to conduct heat. The aspiration of this investigation is to improve the effectiveness and accuracy of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) for cupronickel material by utilizing the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) optimization method. The study analyzes the impact of WEDM parameters, specifically pulse-on time, pulse-off time, and discharge current, on important machining outcomes such as surface roughness, material removal rate. Experimental trials are performed to collect data on these parameters and their corresponding machining characteristics. The TOPSIS optimization method is utilized to determine the most favourable parameter settings by evaluating each parameter combination against the ideal and anti-ideal solutions. This method determines the parameter configuration that maximizes machining efficiency and accuracy while minimizing electrode wear. The efficacy of the TOPSIS-optimized WEDM process is assessed using statistical analysis and compared to the baseline outcomes. The methodology showcases its efficacy in improving the quality and productivity of machining for cupronickel material, providing manufacturers with a systematic approach to attain superior machining results. The proposed TOPSIS optimization method offers a valuable tool for optimizing WEDM parameters, allowing manufacturers to enhance productivity and quality while minimizing production costs in cupronickel machining operations. This study enhances the comprehension of WEDM processes and provides valuable guidance for improving machining operations in different industrial sectors.
Low Cycle Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue Life of Solder Joints Using Cohesive Zone Model
Authors: Singh Praveen Kumar , Sahu Abhishek , Chirravuri Bhaskara , Miller Ronald
Published: December 2024

A temperature dependent cohesive zone model considering the thermo-mechanical fatigue loadings are used to simulate and predict the failure process of solder joint interface in power electronics modules. Cohesive Zone Models (CZMs) are gaining popularity for modeling the fracture and fatigue behavior in various class of materials such as metals, polymers, ceramics, and their composite materials. Unlike the traditional fracture mechanics which considers concept of infinitesimal crack, CZMs assume a fracture process zone in which external energy is distributed in vicinity to propagating crack. In order to predict the fatigue-fracture process under thermo-mechanical cyclic loading, a damage accumulation variable is utilized. The calculation of damage is performed using a progressive mechanism, and the cohesive zone model is updated to reflect the present level of damage. The existing cohesive forces are influenced by both the current damage status and the extent of separation. Consequently, the traction-separation relationships are non-reversible and contingent on prior events. The energy expended in the cohesive zone is compared against the selected critical energy based failure criteria. This work integrates the influence of temperature on the stiffness and the fatigue fracture energy, acknowledging the high operational temperatures that the solder material endures. A numerical simulation is performed in Finite element based software along with user defined functions to evaluate the cyclic life of solder joints in power electrical interfaces under coupled thermo-mechanical loadings. The current approach presents promising prospects for modeling the failure issues commonly observed in the interfacial solder joints of power modules.

Keywords: Thermo-mechanical fatigue, Solder joint interface, Cohesive zone model, Damage criteria, Finite element analysis.
Strategic Utilization of Digital Twins for Examining Elastic Attack Surfaces and Replicating Attack Scenarios for Vulnerability Analysis on Road Vehicle Components
Authors: Venkatachalapathy Sreenikethana
Published: December 2024

As vehicles adopt software-centric architectures, assessing vehicle software behavior becomes more complex, which can lead to the exploitation of overlooked or untreated vulnerabilities. Using these backdoors, attacks frequently targeted automotive products for malicious reasons. Automotive security incident management involves continuous monitoring of incidents and vulnerabilities. However, it faces challenges in reproducing attacks and revalidating security goals. The lack of visualization of attack scenarios, and vectors, and the knowledge required to replicate attacks hinders vulnerability assessment. The proposed approach aims to improve vulnerability assessment and document residual risks. It promotes replicating attack scenarios using cyber digital twins to support threat modeling, risk assessment, and threat analysis. The research paper focuses on utilizing digital twins for cybersecurity incident response, threat monitoring, and vulnerability exploitation by examining elastic attack surfaces and promoting threat Intelligence.
Disposition of Landing Gear Components Involved in Accidents/Incidents
Authors:   A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings Committee
Published: December 2024

This document establishes a procedure for disposition of landing gear components that have been involved in accidents/incidents. The recommendations in this document apply to components made of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys. The recommendations in this document do not apply to components made of nonmetallic composite materials.
Classification, Nomenclature, and Specification Definitions for Horizontal Earthboring Machines
Authors:   MTC9, Trenching and Horizontal Earthboring Machines
Published: December 2024

This SAE Standard applies to horizontal earthboring machines of the following types:

a

Auger boring machines

b

Rod pushers

c

Rotary rod machines

d

Impact machines

e

Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) machines (tools only)

The illustrations used are for classification and are not intended to resemble a particular machine. Only basic working dimensions are given. They may be supplemented by the machine manufacturer. This document is based on existing commercial horizontal earthboring machines.

This document does not apply to HDD machines as defined in ISO 21467. It only covers tools used with HDD machines. It also does not apply to specialized mining machinery covered in SAE J1116, Table 1, nor does it apply to conveyors, tunnel boring machines, pipe jacking systems, microtunnelers, or well-drilling machines.
Analyse de quelques aspects du système de production et de consommation d’Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) au sud du Togo
Authors: Anani Kafui Yolande Ella , Mondedji Abla Déla , Nyamador Seth Wolali
Published: December 2024

Le basilic tropical, Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiales : Lamiaceae) joue un rôle important dans l’alimentation en Afrique de l’ouest. Il est  également reconnu pour ses propriétés médicinales et thérapeutiques et utilisé par la grande population. L’une des contraintes liées à sa  production est la pression des insectes ravageurs. Ces derniers causent d’importantes pertes de rendement et altèrent la qualité de  cette plante. Cette étude avait pour objectifs d’analyser quelques aspects du système de production et de consommation d’O. gratissimum. Des enquêtes ont été effectuées auprès de 75 maraîchers sur des sites de production et 350 consommateurs dans quatre  préfectures (Golfe, Lacs, Agoé-Nyivé et Zio) au sud du Togo. Un entretien semistructuré à l’aide d’un questionnaire a été fait pour chaque  acteur. Les pucerons, les chenilles et les mouches blanches étaient les principaux insectes ravageurs du basilic tropical cités par  les maraîchers enquêtés. La population consomme plus les feuilles fraîches dans la préparation des aliments ou des extraits comme  remèdes dans le traitement du paludisme, de la toux, de la sinusite, etc. Ces résultats serviront de base de données dans la production et  la consommation d’O. gratissimum au sud du Togo.
Analysis of some aspects of the production and consumption system of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) in southern Togo
Tropical basil, Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) plays an important role in the West African diet. It is also recognized for its  medicinal and therapeutic properties, and used by the general population. One of the constraints on its production is the pressure of  insect pests. These cause significant yield losses and impair the quality of the plant. The aim of this study was to analyze some aspects of  the O. gratissimum production and consumption system. Surveys were carried out among 75 market gardeners on production sites and  350 consumers in four prefectures (Golfe, Lacs, Agoé-Nyivé and Zio) in southern Togo. A semi-structured interview using a questionnaire  was done for each stakeholder. Aphids, caterpillars and whiteflies were the main insect pests of tropical basil cited by the market  gardeners surveyed. The population consumed more fresh leaves in food preparation or extracts as remedies for malaria, coughs and  sinusitis, etc. These results will serve as a database for O. gratissimum production and consumption in southern Togo.
Détermination des périodes optimales de semis pour la culture du sésame (Sesamum indicum L.) dans le contexte de variabilité climatique au Burkina Faso
Authors: Siri A. , Ouedraogo J. , Somda B.B. , Chabi F. , Serme I. , Amadji L.G. , Dagbenonbakin G. , Kouelo A.F. , Saïdou A.
Published: December 2024

La maitrise des périodes de semis du sésame (Sesamum indicum L.) peut améliorer sa productivité. Pour cela, une étude a été conduite  durant les campagnes agricoles 2018-2018 et 2019-2020 dans la région de l’Est du Burkina Faso. Il s’est agi de d’évaluer l’effet des  périodes de semis (1 er juillet, 15 juillet et 1er août) sur les paramètres agronomiques du sésame pour déterminer les périodes optimales  de semis de sésame dans les trois zones agro-climatiques (zone sahélienne, zone nord soudanienne et zone sud- soudanienne) de la zone d’étude. Quatre variétés de sésame ont été cultivées dans un dispositif en bloc de Fisher randomisé dans  chaque zone agro-climatique. L’analyse de la variance sur les variables de rendement grain a montré que la zone agroclimatique, les  variétés et les périodes de semis ont été significatives (p < 0,001). Les meilleurs rendements grains ont été obtenus dans la zone  sahélienne (944,8 ± 194,69 kg. ha-1 en 2018 et 934,3 ± 178,66 kg.ha-1 en 2019) et les rendements grains des semis de début juillet étaient  les meilleurs (1015,2 ± 218,7 kg.ha-1 en 2018 et 1004,7 ± 133,1 kg.ha-1 en 2019). La période de semis propice de sésame dans les trois  zones agro-climatiques se situe entre le début du mois de juillet à mi-juillet. 
 
Determining optimal sowing periods for sesame cultivation (Sesamum indicum L.) in the context of climate variability in Burkina FasoSowing periods management for sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) can improve its productivity. To this end, a study was conducted during  the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 agricultural seasons in the eastern region of Burkina Faso. The aim was to evaluate the effect of sowing  dates (1 July, 15 July and 1 August) on agronomic parameters of sesame to determine optimum sowing periods for sesame in the three  agro-climatic zones (Sahelian zone, northern Sudanian zone and southern Sudanian zone) of the study area. Four sesame varieties were  grown in a randomized Fisher block design in each agro-climatic zone. Analysis of variance on grain yield variables showed that agro- climatic zone, varieties and sowing dates were significant (p < 0.001). The best grain yields were obtained in the Sahelian zone (944.8 ±  194.69 kg. ha-1 in 2018 and 934.3 ± 178.66 kg. ha-1 in 2019) and grain yields from sowing in early July were the best (1015.2 ± 218.7 kg.  ha-1 in 2018 and 1004.7 ± 133.1 kg. ha-1 in 2019). The most favourable sowing period of sesame in the three agro-climatic zones was  between the beginning and the middle of July
Factors Shaping the Adoption of Compressed Natural Gas in Vehicles in Tanzania.
Authors: Kinyami Zamela
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the factors affecting the adoption and usage of compressed natural gas (CNG) in vehicles, emphasizing its potential as a cleaner energy source and the challenges vehicle owners face in its utilization. Using a double hurdle model and descriptive statistics, data were gathered from 100 randomly selected vehicle owners at three major petrol stations in Ilala district, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The results indicate that higher education levels and newer vehicles positively impact both the decision to adopt and the extent of CNG usage, while older vehicles and high conversion costs act as barriers. The study also highlights challenges such as inadequate CNG infrastructure, high upfront conversion expenses, and safety concerns. It calls for targeted interventions to improve public awareness, expand refueling networks, and offer financial incentives to encourage the transition to CNG. These efforts could play a crucial role in advancing cleaner and more sustainable energy use in Tanzania’s automotive sector.
Assessment of the Efficiency of the Dairy Supply Chain in Micro-Processing Centers in Arusha City, Tanzania
Authors: Bimbiga Wende , Pastor Dickson
Published: December 2024

The dairy sector is globally significant, yet inefficiencies and underutilized capacities challenge Tanzania’s industry, particularly in Arusha City. This study investigated factors influencing dairy supply chain efficiency in micro-processing centres. Using a mixed methods approach with purposive and random sampling, data were collected through structured interviews and questionnaires from 105 respondents, analysed using thematic analysis, descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Results highlight that raw milk availability, technological adoption, and technical expertise are critical for efficiency, while operational practices like skilled personnel, value added activities inventory and quality management can affect efficiency in operations, rate of defects and wastage. External challenges, including infrastructure limitations, regulatory barriers, and restricted market access, hinder optimal performance. The study recommends targeted interventions such as infrastructure improvement, technology investment, regulatory streamlining, and enhanced market access, emphasizing stakeholder collaboration and smart climate practices for sustainability.
The effect of aqueous extract of Lonchocarpus cyanencens leaf on the histology of the liver of Wistar rats
Authors: Peter Onyeije Benson , Osarumwense Osagiede Newton's , Iyoha Emai , Augustine Osagie Ododo
Published: December 2024

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Lonchocarpus cyanescens on the histological architecture of the liver. The histological effect of consumption of Lonchocarpus cyanescens leaf extract on the liver of Wistar rats was carried out on thirty-five (35) Wistar rats. The Wistar rats were divided into seven groups with five rats per group. Group A serves as control, Group B received 200mg/kg body weight of L. cyanescens, Group C received 500mg/kg body weight of the extract, Group D were given 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract while Group E, F, and G received 2000mg/kg, 3500mg/kg, and 5000mg/kg body weight of Lonchocarpus cyanescens aqueous leaf extract respectively. The administration was implemented once daily by oral compulsion. After 42 days of treatment, the Wistar rats were given chloroform anesthesia, dissected, and their liver was harvested in the histology laboratory and put in 10% formal saline. The liver was processed in the histopathology laboratory for microscopic examination of the tissue followed by photomicrographs of selected slides, which were recorded. The results from the histopathological examination showed normal liver histology in tissue of group A. The group B, C, and D revealed mild vascular dilatation, mild portal vascular congestion, and mild Kupffer cell activation normal with intact sinusoidal spaces showing that the extract is not deleterious even at low doses. Group D, E, and F (2000mg/kg, 3500mg/kg, and 5000mg/kg body weight respectively) shows mild portal congestion and moderate activation of Kupffer.The different immunological systems of the rats and the concentration of Lonchocarpus cyanescens may account for the variations in Kupffer cell activation and the immunologic response to the concentration supplied, confirming the safety of our extract up to 5000mg/kg body weight. Based on the histological findings, Lonchocarpus cyanescens aqueous leaf extract is not toxic to the liver tissue and is safe for consumption.
Fractional inhibitory concentration index of poly-herbal combination of Morinda lucida and Pterocarpus santalinoides Methanol root extracts against multiple drug resistant bacterial isolated from diabetic foot ulcers.
Authors: Achukwu Ngozika O. , Enweani-Nwokelo Ifeoma B. , Achukwu Peter U.O.
Published: December 2024

The antimicrobial resistant bacteria make treatment of microbial infections with common antibiotics difficult and expensive. This has led to a serious scientific search for combination therapy antimicrobial agents that will be safe, effective, less toxic, and affordable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro action of combining the methanol root extracts of Morinda lucida and Pterocarpus santalinoides against multiple drug-resistant organisms isolated from diabetic foot ulcers. The phytochemical constituents were determined using standard methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile and antibacterial activity of the extracts was tested using agar well diffusion test. The minimum inhibitory concentration and fractional inhibitory concentration were done using Checker-board micro-titration method, and the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) calculated, and time-kill assay was done to confirm the synergistic and bactericidal activity. The antimicrobial testing of the combination showed high zones of inhibition diameter ranging between 29-40mm against the isolates. The FICI of the methanol roots extract combination demonstrated synergy against the test isolates ranging between 0.12-0.19. The time of kill showed a huge decrease in the quantity of viable cells. This study suggests that this plant combination could serve as an alternative antimicrobial agent to treat multiple drug-resistant organisms.
Haematological profile in COVID-19: Insights from Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Idris Saddiqa Sabo , Ismail Usman Sanusi , Ahmed Bilkisu , Rogo Lawal Dahiru , Abdullahi Sharif Alhassan , Musa Baba Maiyaki , Muhammad Hamza , Bala Jamilu Abubakar , Abbas Muhammad Adamu , Abdulsalam Kabiru , Aliyu Abdulsalam , Aliyu Isah Abubakar , Yusuf Aminu Abba , Adetokun Azeezat Bolanle , Muhammad Habiba Yahaya , Mohammed Yusuf , Abdulqadir Zainab Aliyu , Kabuga Auwal Idris
Published: December 2024

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first diagnosed in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and later declared a pandemic with a novel β-Coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as the causative agent. However, in resource-poor settings with other overburdened public health issues such as malaria, diarrhoea, and typhoid fever, clinical virology laboratories are almost impossible to operationalize. This justifies the need for the use of complete blood count (CBC) analysis to guide clinical case management. This cross-sectional study investigated haematological parameters of 45 symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 confirmed cases in comparison with 45 age- and gender-matched non-COVID-19 apparently healthy controls in Kano, Nigeria. Complete blood count and differentials were analyzed using Dymind DH-36 automated haematology analyzer. The results obtained were compared using independent sample T-test. The mean age of the participants was 39.5 ± 14.8 years, the minimum was 22 years, and the maximum was 45 years. Males constituted the majority (64.4%). In comparison with the controls, COVID-19 individuals had significantly higher mean values for total white blood cell count (P = 0.001) and neutrophils (P = 0.002) and also lower mean values for basophils (P = 0.001), eosinophils (P = 0.001), lymphocytes (P = 0.001), total red blood cell (P = 0.003), packed cell volume (P = 0.001), and haemoglobin concentration (P = 0.001). In conclusion, haematological parameters are valuable indices, and the results can effectively predict individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 irrespective of disease severity.
Determination of intestinal parasitic contamination of naira notes in Sokoto metropolis
Authors: Bunza N.M. , Iduh M.U. , Jibrin M. , Yusuf S.
Published: December 2024

Money is the most widely handled material throughout the world. It goes through clean and dirty hands and can get contaminated with parasites and pathogens. This study investigated the prevalence of intestinal parasitic contamination of naira notes in Sokoto metropolis. A total of one hundred and sixty (160) samples of Nigerian Naira notes consisting of twenty (20) pieces of each denomination were used for this study. Samples were collected from food vendors, fruits/vegetables sellers, petrol attendants, butchers, and then screened using microscopic technique. Out of the 160 samples examined, 50 (31.3%) were contaminated with parasite species that spread across Ascaris lumbricoides 34 (68%), Entamoeba histolytica 22 (44%), Hookworm 26 (52%), Balantidium coli 16 (32%) and Strongyloides stercoralis 11 (22%). The 100 notes (40%) were the most contaminated denomination of the currency examined and naira notes obtained from food vendors were the most contaminated with intestinal parasites. The physical conditions (clean, dirty and very dirty) of all Naira notes accommodate parasites on them, with very dirty notes having the highest prevalence rate of 53.3%. This study showed that the Nigerian currency notes in circulation within Sokoto metropolis are contaminated with five parasite species that are known to be pathogenic to humans. Thus, the handlers of such Naira notes may possibly stand a chance of being infected with the parasites recorded if their hands are not properly washed and sanitized after transactions.
Ultrasonographic observation of endometrial polyps induced by anti-estrogen endocrine therapy in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Tao Haiyun , Qu Chunping , Zhao Chentong
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To investigate the ultrasonic characteristics of endometrial polyps in breast cancer patients after anti-estrogen endocrine therapy. Methods: A total of 91 patients with endometrial polyps who had breast cancer surgery at Yantai Muping District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, China between February 2021 and August 2023 were randomly assigned to study (n = 42) and control groups (n = 49) based on post-surgery anti-estrogen endocrine therapy. The study group received tamoxifen (20 mg orally once daily for 6 months). Control group did not receive any post-surgery anti-estrogen endocrine therapy. Ultrasound characteristics of the study and control groups were assessed and compared. Results: The study group exhibited significantly increased endometrial thickness compared to control group (p < 0.05). However, both maximum and mean polyp diameters were significantly larger in the study group (p < 0.05). Linear endometrial echoes predominated in treated patients, contrasting with predominantly uniform echoes in the control group. Visualization issues of the uterine cavity line were significantly more common in the study group, while control group experienced more deviation and unclear visualization. Also, the study group mostly presented with strip-shaped polyps, differing from the round or oval shapes prevalent in control group. Furthermore, there were significant variations in internal echo characteristics and blood flow parameters between the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Endometrial polyps caused by postoperative anti-estrogen endocrine therapy in patients with breast cancer have unique ultrasonic characteristics, good ultrasonic diagnostic effect and a high detection rate as long as it is detected early and treated on time. Further analyses are needed with a larger sample size to investigate the underlying mechanism involved in developing endometrial polyps.
Efficacy of intraperitoneal ghrelin in the treatment of acetic acid-induced colitis
Authors: Yilmaz Fatma , Koklu Seyfettin , Kocak Erdem , Ustun Huseyin
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of intraperitoneal administration of ghrelin in the treatment of acetic acid-induced colitis. Method: A total of 30 Wistar-Albino rats were randomly and equally assigned to control, colitis-induced and study groups. The control group received normal saline (2 mL, 0.9 % w/v rectally). Colitis was induced with acetic acid (2 mL rectally). The study group administered ghrelin (3 - 7 nmol) intraperitoneally for 5 days after induction with acetic acid. Ghrelin was administered 1 h after acetic acid induction. Results: Macroscopic damage scores were significantly higher in colitis-induced group compared to control group (p < 0.001). However, macroscopic scores were significantly lower in study group (treated with ghrelin) compared to other groups (p < 0.001). Furthermore, MDA levels were significantly higher in colitis-induced group and study groups (p < 0.01) compared to control group. There was no significant difference in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in all groups. Conclusion: Ghrelin significantly lowers macroscopic damage and MDA levels in acetic-acid colitis. Further long-term studies on intraperitoneal ghrelin treatment in chronic colitis models may be able to clearly show the effects of treatment on oxidative markers.
Red sticky rice (Oryza sativa L.) bran extract attenuates cellular oxidative stress in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line via Nrf-2 and HO-1 pathway
Authors: Morchang Atthapan , Malakar Shilu , Aluksanasuwan Siripat , Somsuan Keerakarn , Munkong Narongsuk , Vongthoung Kevalin
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the antioxidant effect of red sticky rice bran extract (RRBE; a pigmented strain of Oryza sativa L.) in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Methods: Human hepatocellular carcinoma HuH-7 cells were treated with the ethanol extract of RRBE in the presence or absence of EX-537 (Sirtuin 1 inhibitor), dexamethasone (NF-κB inhibitor), brusatol (Nrf-2 inhibitor), or HO-1 inh (HO-1 inhibitor) before exposure to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. Intracellular ROS and glutathione levels were assessed using CellROX™ green reagent and GSH-Glo™ glutathione assay, respectively. Levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were determined using immunofluorescent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Results: None of the tested inhibitors affected the ability of RRBE to reduce the level of ROS. Treatment with RRBE significantly decreased intracellular ROS and glutathione levels in HuH-7 cells undergoing oxidative stress (in the presence of BST and HO-1 inh; p < 0.05). Furthermore, Nrf-2 expression and HO-1 gene were significantly enhanced and upregulated respectively in HuH-7 cells pre-treated with RRBE (p < 0.05). Conversely, these effects were attenuated in the presence of brusatol. Conclusion: Antioxidant property of RRBE is mediated through the activation of Nrf-2 and HO-1 pathways. These insights pave way for the development of functional foods or supplementary medicines aimed at preventing and treating NCDs in the future.
Curcumin alleviates asthma in rat by targeting Foxp3
Authors: Sheng Meiling , Xu Ruju , Wang Xiangying , Zhu Yanyan , Zhang Chunli
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To examine the mitigating influence of curcumin on asthma in children, and the involvement of Foxp3 in the process. Methods: A rat model of asthma was successfully induced using ovalbumin (OVA). Twenty-four (24) rats were assigned to 3 cohorts: model, curcumin and control groups. At the cellular level, sorted CD4+ T cells were differentiated into regulatory T (Treg) cells and divided into 4 groups: Treg, Treg + curcumin, Treg + STAT5-IN-1 (STAT5 inhibitor) and Treg + curcumin + STAT5-IN-1 groups. Results: Curcumin significantly inhibited OVA-induced increases in eosinophils and lymphocytes and reduced airway pathological changes, relative to model rats (p < 0.05). There were marked increases in TGF-β and IL-10 contents in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), relative to model rats. Furthermore, curcumin up-regulated p-STAT5 and Foxp3 in the lung tissues of rats, when compared with model group (p < 0.05). In cell experiments, curcumin significantly increased p-STAT5, Foxp3 and IL-10 levels, and enhanced the transformation of CD4+ T cells to more Treg cells (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Curcumin may affect the differentiation of Treg cells, as well as alleviate asthma in rats by targeting Foxp3 through STAT5 regulation. This research has identified the likely beneficial role of curcumin as therapeutic agent for pediatric asthma, but this has to be clinically validated.
„Przekładać bez cishetowania” – o dylematach tłumaczy literatury queerowej
Authors: Matuszko Kinga
Published: December 2024

According to Elżbieta Tabakowska, it is the duty of translators to empathize not only with the authors of the translated texts, but also with their heroes and recipients. This statement is correct especially in the perspective of contemporary cultural and socio-political conditions reflected in the texts of culture, and thus – in translation. It is confirmed by interviews with translators, in which they indicate how important the ongoing social changes are for them, the effects of which they must include in translations, which is not necessarily allowed by the specificity of the Polish language – in other words, they emphasize a certain “lack” in it. This “lack” – or rather sensitivity to its existence – can be considered in the context of tenderness, which is particularly important in the practice of feminist and queer translations, focused on giving voice to those who have been deprived of it for many years. There is also an ideological element here – “tenderness” understood in this way would be conditioned by transferring one’s own perspective into the text – e.g., resulting from the ease of identification of the translator with the characters. The aim of the article is an attempt to indicate why translators want to compensate for this „lack” and how they do it. Contemporary novels are the subject of reflection – The Many Half- Lived Lives of Sam Sylvester by Maya MacGregor, I Wish You All The Best by Mason Deaver, Detransition, Baby by Torrey Peters – and the reportage Girl, Woman, Other by Bernardine Evaristo and their Polish translations belonging to the so-called queer literature, in which one can observe various ways of showing compassion, giving voice to heroes and narrators by translators, influencing the possibility of self-identification. An important context for my considerations are conversations with translators – Aga Zano and Artur Łuksza.
Między singularity i uncanny valley – pornografia wspierana przez sztuczną inteligencję a estetyka i narracja „obcości”
Authors: Stasieńko Jan
Published: December 2024

The dynamic development of generative artificial intelligence systems constructing textual visual and audio content based on prompts (queries, descriptions, and tags) raises numerous questions regarding issues such as creative autonomy, the impact of automation on art generation processes, the value of typically human creativity, the scope of copyright, and intellectual property rights. Automatically generated texts, images, and sounds prompt experimentation and evoke both fascination and dread. In the article, I would like to focus on the impact of such tools on the realm of pornography. In the era of platforms based on systems like DALL-E, Midjourney, or Stable Diffusion, which typically censor erotic and pornographic content, the automatic creation of images depicting explicit sexual scenes primarily occurs through dedicated and increasingly numerous services such as Pornpen.ai, Promptchan.ai, PornX.ai, PornWorks.ai, PornJoy.ai, and others. The text will illustrate what types of technologies and cultural practices historically led to the emergence of AI pornographic services and to what extent existing theoretical concepts about pornography fit the description and interpretation of such phenomena. I will also highlight the current offerings of such services regarding their functionalities and capabilities for generating pornographic content. A significant portion of the article will analyze selected samples of Pornpen.ai content. The perception of images generated with the involvement of artificial intelligence scripts using this platform evokes a specific sense of otherness in both their aesthetic and narrative layers. This kind of new “uncanny valley” and those human-nonhuman narrative dynamics around sexuality will be the subject of my reflection in the final part of the discourse.
The Bible as source for leadership models: a considered No and a careful Yes
Authors: Lombaard Christo
Published: December 2024

In this contribution, earlier research by the author on the topic of leadership and the Bible is expanded upon, here to evaluate the usage of the Bible in publications on leadership. By means of Weberian ideal-type analysis, some traits of such usage are indicated, and thereupon evaluated. This is done by theologically characterisation, from the perspective of theological realism (post-secularism). Not a less evangelical, but a more evangelical approach is argued for, in which the natures of Bible, faith and believers are taken more seriously than their wished-for alternatives. The latter includes the oft-found confession to taking the Bible seriously, which however too often plays out as an empty assertion. This, because the realities of the historical coming-into-being of the biblical texts and corpora, are in such cases not given their due attention. The Bible confessed to is, then, a document that never existed. This implies that leadership insights derived on such a basis, leave much room for criticism as to their implied relation to reality.
Contemporary Pastoral Praxis: Addressing Structural Injustice in Nomzamo Park Informal Settlement, Soweto
Authors: Mahlangu Solomon Sipho
Published: December 2024

This article examines contemporary pastoral praxis in addressing structural injustice within the Nomzamo Park informal settlement in Soweto, contributing to the contextualization of practical theology and pastoral care in the African context. Nomzamo Park, characterized by its socio economic challenges and systemic inequalities, serves as a focal point for exploring how pastoral care can effectively respond to the needs of marginalized communities. The study highlights the intersection of faith and social justice, emphasizing the role of the church in advocating for structural change and providing holistic support to residents. Utilizing a practical theological framework, the research draws on qualitative data from interviews and participant observations, revealing the lived experiences of community members and their interactions with pastoral initiatives.

The findings suggest that effective pastoral praxis in Nomzamo Park involves a critical engagement with social issues, fostering community resilience, and promoting advocacy for justice. Pastoral care is re-envisioned not merely as spiritual support but as an active, transformative presence addressing poverty, housing insecurity, and other systemic injustices. This approach aligns with the broader objectives of Practical Theology, which seeks to integrate theological reflection with practical action in real-world contexts. Moreover, this article underscores the importance of culturally sensitive pastoral strategies that resonate with the unique experiences and needs of African communities. It argues for a praxis that is both contextually relevant and theologically sound, advocating for the church's role in spearheading initiatives that challenge oppressive structures while nurturing the spiritual and material well-being of individuals. In conclusion, this article calls for an expanded understanding of pastoral care that embraces social justice as a core component, thereby enriching the discourse on Practical Theology in the African context and offering insights for similar settings globally.
Renewing the Covenant: Insights for Right and Just Living from the Book of Hosea
Authors: Nicolaides Alexander George , Nicolaides Angelo
Published: December 2024

The book of the prophet Hosea (meaning: 'he saves') was written in the 8thCentury CE towards the end of the northern Kingdom at a time when Judah and Israel we're still relatively intact. The prophet Amos warned the people of Yahweh that they needed to accept the judgement of God who is just and realise that the Assyrians would most likely annihilate them. Hosea entered the picture and most of his utterances revolved around the fact that Israel was unfaithful, and this is the hallmark of his writing. The book of Hosea casts a gaudy light upon the ethical condition of Ephraim (Israel during its final years at a time when they adopted the debased practices of their Canaanite neighbours. Hosea found himself in a position to proclaim the truth of what would happen to the people who had lost their faith in themselves and also in Yahweh, but this was not necessarily Yahweh’s final word. Hosea displayed great insight concerning the truth of God's mercy which was critical then as it is today. Hosea (5:6) warns "They will go with their flocks and herds to seek Yahweh, but they will not find Him; He has withdrawn from them". Later in Hosea (5:15) Yahweh warns "I will go away and return to My place until they acknowledge their guilt and seek My face; in their affliction they will earnestly seek Me". God requires repentance from people and atonement with Him as Lord of all. This article pursues the issue of God’s apostasy or "withdrawing" from His people. We may seek the Lord and not find Him because our attitude may be wrong, and how we seek Him is not acceptable – we are called to seek Him with a sincere and contrite heart and with all our soul (Deuteronomy 4:29). What is the theological exegesis of the selected verse and what were and are the dogmatic realities expressed in it. In addition, what can we in our current troubled world learn from the passage and what causes God to withdraw from us? What can Hosea teach the legal profession today? Though we may be dark as can be in spirit, and living in the shadows, God is by contrast an ever intensely radiant light holding out for the restoration of His people if they repent and place their faith and trust in Him.
Life based on Islamic religious philosophy with life satisfaction, self-esteem and quality of life
Authors: Fatimah Siti , Arif Muhamad , Hidayat Abas , Kosim Kosim , Nasir Abdul , Busro Busro
Published: December 2024

One of the human efforts to keep living life is to interpret life based on philosophy. In the spiritual life, it emphasizes that the meaning of life is through the way of God. This study aims to analyze the relationship between life-based on Islamic religious philosophy and life satisfaction, self-esteem, and quality of life. This study is a quantitative one using the Structural Equation Model approach. This study found that living based on religious philosophy has a significant relationship with life satisfaction, self-esteem, and quality of life in modern civilizations that have an Islamic culture. A high level of life satisfaction can be achieved through the help of religion. Self-esteem has the power to change human life for the better. Living with worship can improve the quality of life. Strengthening one’s faith improves all aspects of life, such as the quality of the economy, socio-cultural aspects, and others.