bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAFETY IN TERMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Taradi Josip , Nikolić Vesna , Grošanić Nevenka
Published: January 2019

The studies have shown the current knowledge about the problems and prospects of safety in terms of sustainable development. The scientific research methods have been used: a content analysis of scientific literature, surveys to collect original data and statistical methods for data processing and analysis. According to the research, safety is in terms of sustainable development in business organizations. Environmental protection is assessed as the most significant component of safety in terms of sustainable development. Important are the findings based on the positive assessment of safety experts that the workers are aware of it an d that the management of the organization appreciates and supports safety in terms of sustainable development. It is especially important that the organizations appreciate the knowledge to protect and support continuous learning to improve the safety in terms of sustainable development. There is a partial connection between the dependent variables of safety in terms of sustainable development and the independent variables of a safety expert profile. Thereby, it is highly important that the safety experts with higher levels of education and more work experience give higher rating to the dependent variables of safety in terms of sustainable development. There is a connection between the dependent variables of safety in terms of sustainable development and the independent variables of the profile of organization employment of safety experts. Safety experts employed in the private ownership organizations give higher ratings to the dependent variables of safety in terms of sustainable development in their organizations than the safety experts employed in the state and public ownership organizations. It is significant that safety experts employed in organizations in Serbia give higher ratings to the dependent variables of safety in terms of sustainable development than safety experts employed in Croatia. One must recognize the need and opportunity for improvement i.e. development of safety in terms of sustainable development. Key words: safety, sustainable development.
Creativity in Science
Authors: Strøm Heidi Angell
Published: January 2019

Modern science is expected to generate new knowledge and understanding. In this scientific essay, I wish to explore the field of creativity in science by contributing a theoretical perspective on creativity and the creative process, which will include exemplifying different factors that promote or inhibit creativity, as well as reflecting on creativity in my own research project.  In addition, I examine how we can help strengthen creativity in the context of discovery in research, then I provide a discussion of the issue.
National and Regional Trends in Police Pursuit Fatalities in the US
Authors: Bather Jemar R. , Goodman Melody S.
Published: November 2024

This cross-sectional study examines rates of police pursuit fatalities in the US from 2017 to 2021.
Luxated Globe at Birth—A Vision-Threatening Emergency
Authors: Ramos da Silva Aline , Aidar Mariana Nadais , Cruz Antonio Augusto Velasco
Published: November 2024

This case report discusses a diagnosis of globe luxation at birth resulting from instrumental vaginal delivery.
A Large Sinonasal Mass in a Male Patient
Authors: Chung Sei Y. , Lawson Parker , McLean Anne C.
Published: November 2024

A 59-year-old patient experienced months of progressively worsening left nasal obstruction. Physical examination revealed a papillomatous-appearing mass completely occupying the left nasal cavity. What is your diagnosis?
From Original Ferrocene‐Based Small‐Molecule Design to Multifunctional Supramolecular Bactericides: Their Efficient Applications in Controlling Biofilm‐Associated Bacterial Infections
Authors: Zhao Haicong , He Xinyu , Yang Jinghan , Liu Min , Chen Xue , Wang Peiyi
Published: November 2024

Conventional bactericides struggle with biofilm barriers and inefficient deposition on hydrophobic leaves, resulting in undesirable control of plant bacterial diseases. To overcome these challenges, an innovative ferrocene‐based small‐molecule (FccA8R) is conceived, featuring biofilm disruption capabilities. Further optimizing FccA8R with seven‐membered oligosaccharide‐involved host–guest supramolecular strategy creates two kinds of biocompatible multifunctional supramolecular nanospheres (FccA8R@β‐CD and FccA8R@HP‐β‐CD). This manipulation efficiently eradicates mature biofilm barriers while enhancing droplet retention on hydrophobic leaves. At a concentration of 56.64 µg mL−1, the two materials remove Xanthomonas‐biofilms by 76.32–76.83%, notably surpassing that of single FccA8R (57.96%). Their versatility extends to the enhanced inhibition of bacterial motility, extracellular enzymes secretion, and exopolysaccharides production, all reducing the bacterial virulence. In vivo pot experiments, FccA8R@β‐CD and FccA8R@HP‐β‐CD demonstrate workable control efficacies of 48.91–52.03% against rice bacterial blight at 200 µg mL−1, superior to the commercial thiodiazole‐copper‐20%SC (36.42%) and FccA8R‐0.1%Tween (39.54%). Furthermore, these supramolecular assemblies disclose broad‐spectrum bactericidal efficacy (71.45–73.19%) against kiwifruit canker, significantly higher than thiodiazole‐copper‐20%SC (43.05%) and FccA8R‐0.1%Tween (57.24%). Besides, supramolecular bactericides are safe for plants and non‐target organisms like zebrafish and earthworms. Briefly, this research builds a key foundation for creating green bactericides from small‐molecule conception to eco‐friendly supramolecular assemblies, realizing the prevention of bacterial diseases and environmental safety.
The Out‐of‐Plane C─S Bonds Boosting Reversible Redox in Copper Sulfide Cathodes for Ultradurable Magnesium Battery
Authors: Su Qin , Wang Weixiao , Chen Jiajun , Ji Juan , Wang Wenwen , Ren Wen , Zhang Lei , Xie Jun , An Qinyou
Published: November 2024

As a typical conversion‐type cathode material, CuS has shown great potential in the field of rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) due to its excellent energy density, stable voltage platforms, and low cost. However, the poor phase conversion reversibility in CuS cathodes has resulted in low Coulombic efficiency and short cycling life, impeding its further development. Herein, an abundance of CS heterointerfaces is meticulously crafted by the CuS nanoparticles anchored on rGO nanosheets (CuS@G). The out‐of‐plane C─S bonds effectively reduce the activation energy of sulfur atoms within Cu‐S tetrahedrons, facilitating the formation of S─S bonds in the Cu₂S crystal structure and driving the reversible phase conversion between Cu₂S and CuS during the charge/discharge process. Furthermore, a more reversible phase conversion could diminish copper ion dissolution induced by volume expansion. Consequently, the CuS@G cathode exhibits one of the most remarkable rate performances to date (160.5 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1), retaining 64.7% of its capacity after 1000 cycles. Additionally, a durable CuS@G||Mg pouch cell is successfully assembled, delivering a high capacity of 9.5 mAh. These fundamental insights provide valuable guidance for the design of high‐performance conversion cathode materials for next‐generation RMBs.
High‐Throughput Multiplexed Plasmonic Color Encryption of Microgel Architectures via Programmable Dithering‐Mask Flow Microlithography
Authors: Yoo Byungcheon , Ryu Chaeyeong , Lee Seunghwan , Jeong Sanggyun , You Younghoon , Baek Dahye , Kim Dowon , Jeon Inkyu , An Ki‐Seok , Oh Jongwon , Lee Jiseok
Published: November 2024

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known for their unique plasmonic colors and interaction with light, making them ideal for color printing and data encoding. Traditional methods like electron beam lithography (EBL) and focused ion beam (FIB) milling, however, suffer from low throughput and high costs. In this paper, a scalable and cost‐efficient method is introduced for producing multiplexed plasmonic colors by in situ photoreducing AgNPs within microgel architectures with controlled porosity. Utilizing a digital micro‐mirror device (DMD)‐based flow microlithography system combined with a programmable dithering‐mask technique, the high‐throughput synthesis of shape or barcoded microparticles is facilitated, along with large‐scale, high‐resolution images embedded with hidden multiplexed plasmonic colors. This approach allows for a hidden multiplexed plasmonic color code library, significant enhancing the encoding capacity of barcode microparticles from 33 to 303 (a 1000‐fold increase). Additionally, quantitative agreement is achieved between chemically encrypted and optically decrypted plasmonic colors using a deep learning classifier. Moreover, the method also supports the production of large scale (>5.6 × 5.6 cm2), high‐resolution (>300 dpi) microgel arrays encrypted with multiple plasmonic colors in under 30 min. The multiplexed plasmonic coloration strategy in microgel architectures paves a new way for hidden data storage, secure optical labeling, and anti‐counterfeiting technologies.
Orientation‐Selective Memory Switching in Quasi‐1D NbSe3 Neuromorphic Device for Omnibearing Motion Detection
Authors: Sun Ruo‐Yao , Hou Ze‐Yu , Chen Qing , Zhu Bing‐Xuan , Zhu Cheng‐Yi , Huang Pei‐Yu , Hu Zi‐Han , Zhen Liang , Zhou Fei‐Chi , Xu Cheng‐Yan , Qin Jing‐Kai
Published: November 2024

Intelligent neuromorphic hardware holds considerable promise in addressing the growing demand for massive real‐time data processing in edge computing. Resistive switching materials with intrinsic anisotropy and a compact design of non‐volatile memory devices with the capability of handling spatiotemporally reconstructed data is crucial to perform sophisticated tasks in complex application scenarios. In this study, an anisotropic resistive switching cell with a planar configuration based on lithiated NbSe3 nanosheets is demonstrated. Benefitting from the highly aligned diffusive channel associated with a quasi‐1D van der Waals structure, the memristor patterned along NbSe3 atomic chains presents robust memory switching behavior with superior stability, particularly the low set/reset voltages (0.4 V/−0.36 V) and extremely small standard deviation (0.041 V/0.051 V), among the best compared to state‐of‐the‐art devices. More importantly, unlike traditional resistive switching materials, anisotropic ion migration in NbSe3 crystals leads to a high orientation selectivity in the conductance update. Custom‐designed neuromorphic hardware contributes to the implementation of omnibearing motion recognition for automatic pilot applications, yielding a high accuracy of 95.9% considering variations. This article presents a new strategy based on NbSe3 crystals to develop a neuromorphic computing system with intelligent application scenarios.
Cooling‐Induced Order–Disorder Phase Transition in CsPbBr3 Nanocrystal Superlattices
Authors: Filippi Umberto , Toso Stefano , Zaffalon Matteo L. , Pianetti Andrea , Li Zhanzhao , Marras Sergio , Goldoni Luca , Meinardi Francesco , Brovelli Sergio , Baranov Dmitry , Manna Liberato
Published: November 2024

Perovskite nanocrystal superlattices are being actively studied after reports have emerged on collective excitonic properties at cryogenic temperatures, where energetic disorder is minimized due to the frozen lattice vibrations. However, an important issue related to structural disorder of superlattices at low temperatures has received little attention to date. In this work, it is shown that CsPbBr3 nanocrystal superlattices undergo a reversible order–disorder transition upon cooling to 90 K. The transition consists of the loss of structural coherence, that is, increased nanocrystal misalignment, and contraction of the superlattices, as revealed by temperature‐dependent X‐ray diffraction, and is ascribed to the solidification of ligands (on the basis of Raman spectroscopy). Introducing shorter amines on the nanocrystal surface allows to mitigate these changes, improve order, and shorten interparticle distance. It is demonstrated that the low temperature phase of the short ligand‐capped nanocrystal superlattices is characterized by a strong exciton migration observable in the photoluminescence decay, which is due to the shrinkage of the inter‐nanocrystal distance.
An Oral PROTAC Targeting HPK1 Degradation Potentiates Anti‐Solid Tumor Immunity
Authors: Yao Yuejun , Wu Mingfei , Wang Yanfang , Liao Ziyan , Yang Yinxian , Liu Yun , Shi Jiaqi , Wu Wei , Wei Xinwei , Xu Jianchang , Guo Yugang , Dong Xiaowu , Che Jinxin , Wang Jinqiang , Gu Zhen
Published: November 2024

Hematopoietic progenitor pinase1 (HPK1) knockout has been identified as an efficient route to enhance anti‐tumor immune response. Here, this work develops an oral proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) targeting HPK1 to efficiently and selectively degrade HPK1 to augment immunotherapeutic outcomes. In a postoperative tumor model of human cervical cancer in NSG mice, the orally‐administrated PROTAC can reach tumors, down‐regulate HPK1 levels in locally‐administrated CAR‐T cells, and promote their efficiency in inhibiting solid tumor recurrence, achieving 50% partial response (PR) and 50% complete response (CR). In addition, oral administration of PROTAC can amplify the suppression capability of the anti‐PD‐L1 antibody on the growth of CT26 solid tumors in BALB/c mice by promoting the infiltration of CD45‐positive immune cells from 0.7% to 1.5% and CD3‐positive T cells from 0.2% to 0.5% within the tumors.
Edge Electron Effect Induced High‐Entropy SEI for Durable Anode‐Free Sodium Batteries
Authors: Ge Junmin , Ma Cunshuang , Zhang Yaoyang , Ma Pei , Zhang Jiyu , Xie Zhengkun , Wen Longfei , Tang Guochuan , Wang Qingbao , Li Wenbin , Guo Xiaoniu , Guo Ying , Zhang Erjin , Zhang YongChao , Zhao Lingfei , Chen Weihua
Published: November 2024

Anode‐free sodium metal batteries represent great promising as high‐energy‐density and resource‐rich electrochemical energy storage systems. However, the savage growth of sodium metal and continuous consumption hinder its stable capacity output. Herein, ordered flower‐edges of zinc on Al substrate can induce high‐entropy solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) to adjust sodium uniform deposition and extremely reduce electrolyte consumption with ultrahigh initial Coulombic efficiency (97.05%) for prolong batteries cycling life. Theoretical and experimental studies have demonstrated that the electron‐donating property and exposed edge sites between (100) and (101) facets in zinc flower enhance anion adsorption onto the inner Helmholtz plane accelerating its interface decomposition. Additionally, the ordered zinc edges serve as homogeneous‐nucleating template, leading to thin and inorganic‐rich SEI layer (18 nm, ZnF2, NaZn13, NaF, and Na2CO3) with high‐entropy discrete multicomponent distribution, so that fast and high‐flux Na ions transport field, thereby reducing the critical nucleation barrier and promoting sodium high density nucleation (7.36 × 1013 N cm−2) and pyknotic growth (3 mAh cm−2, 22 µm). The assembled anode‐free sodium batteries exhibit high stability (86%, 90 cycles) under ultrahigh cathode loading (32 mg cm−2). Moreover, the anode‐less single‐layer pouch batteries exhibit a durable capacity retention of 99% after 600 cycles.
Synthesis of High‐Surface‐Area Alumina using Carbon Templating and Liquid Phase Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Talebkeikhah Farzaneh , Lin Yu‐Cheng , Luterbacher Jeremy S.
Published: November 2024

Certain metal oxides exhibit unique phases and associated properties that can generally only be accessed via high temperature treatments. However, high temperature processes usually lead to surface reconstruction and pore collapse, which reduces the active surface area. In this study, a novel method for accessing phases is demonstrated at high temperature while maintaining porosity by depositing thin oxide films onto a temperature stable activated carbon template. Subsequent annealing and calcination creates the phase of interest while maintaining the porous structure. Specifically, stoichiometrically limited liquid phase atomic layer deposition is used to deposit 6, 9, 12 and 15 layers of amorphous alumina, which, following high temperature treatment, led to a mixture of α and δ phases with surface areas of 186 and 146 m2 g−1 for 6 and 9 layers respectively. Pure α alumina can also be achieved with high surface areas of 76 and 45 m2 g−1 for 12 and 15 layers. Importantly, all the samples retained the porosity imparted by the carbon structure, with primarily meso and macro pores. Furthermore, different metal oxides are also deposited onto the activated carbon surface, including ZnO, TiO2, ZrO2, and Ga2O3 illustrating this templating concept can also be applied to different materials.
MXene−Graphene Oxide Heterostructured Films for Enhanced Metasurface Plasmonic Biosensing in Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Li Rui , Fan Hongli , Chen Youqian , Yin Shaoping , Liu Gang L. , Li Yanan , Huang Liping
Published: November 2024

Non‐invasive biosensors have attracted attention for their potential to obtain continuous, real‐time physiological information through measurements of biochemical markers, such as one of the most important—glucose, in biological fluids. Although some optical sensing materials are used in non‐invasive devices for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), surface or localized plasmon sensing material are seldom applied in CGM owing to modest sensitivity and bulk sensing apparatus. Herein, a metasurface (MGMSPR) biosensor based on the metasurface plasmon resonance chip modified with heterostructured Ti3C2 MXene−Graphene oxide (MG) is reported, which potentially enables ultra‐sensitive glucose detection. The sensor consists of a dual‐channel microfluidic device integrated with silver mirror enhanced MGMSPR chips. Not only does it promote the entry of glucose oxidase (GOD) into the internal pores and enhance the stable fixation of GOD in the membrane, but also the integration of MG material provides a high specific surface area and unique electronic properties, thereby significantly enhancing the sensitivity of the MGMSPR sensor. The detection limit of MGMSPR biosensor is 106.8 µM. This pioneering approach opens new avenues for monitoring physiological parameters and process analytical technology on an optical platform, providing continuous health monitoring and production process control through optical sensors.
Regulating the Perovskite Crystallization Dynamics Via Dual Modulation Strategy for Performance Enhancement of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Dong Hang , Qu Jinsong , Yue Xin , Zhao Yue , Wang Weidong , Chen Dazheng , Zhu Weidong , Xi He , Zhou Long , Zhang Jincheng , Lu Gang , Zhang Chunfu , Hao Yue
Published: November 2024

A novel cooperative regulatory strategy is proposed in this work to optimize the crystallization dynamics of Formamidinium (FA)‐based perovskite materials, which is achieved by meticulously incorporating the organic molecule guanidinium (GA+) and the high boiling point organic solvents N‐Methyl‐2‐Pyrrolidone (NMP) into the perovskite precursor solution synergistically. This findings indicated that the GA+ doping strategy (G‐DS) is toward to inhibits the formation of α‐phase perovskite crystals owing to its larger ionic radius, thereby promoting the formation of perovskite films with enlarged grain size. Simultaneously, the NMP‐doping strategy (N‐DS) has assisted controllable crystallization dynamics in as‐cast films by optimizing nucleation density and crystal growth rate through a delayed supersaturated environment induced re‐dissolution function. Briefly, it can assume that the crystallization dynamics dual modulation strategy enables the realization of high‐quality perovskite film with micro‐meter sized perovskite grain, appropriate internal strain and a compact, dense surface texture. The optimized films therefore exhibits powerful exciton separation energy, suppressed charge carrier recombination and reduces series resistance, leading to a remarkable champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.38% and exceptional reliability, retaining 93.09% of their initial PCE after storage the unencapsulated devices in a moisture‐rich environment for 2160 h.
Magnetic Actuation for Mechanomedicine
Authors: Garcia‐Gonzalez Daniel , Raman Ritu , Schuerle Simone , Tay Andy
Published: November 2024

In the perspective of this article, the emergence of materials and systems for magneto‐mechanical actuation in the field of mechanobiology is presented, and their potential to promote and advance biomedical research is discussed. These materials, ranging from single particles to compliant 2D substrates to 3D scaffolds, enable mechanical modulation of cells in a remote, dynamic, and reversible fashion. These features represent a major advance enabling researchers to reproduce time‐evolving physiological and pathological processes in vitro and transmit mechanical forces and deformations to activate cellular responses or promote directed cell migration. As smart in vitro platforms, magneto‐responsive systems may accelerate the discovery of mechanically mediated cellular mechanisms as therapeutic targets. In addition, the low magnetic susceptibility of biological tissues may facilitate the translation of in vitro approaches to in vivo settings, opening new routes for biomedical applications.
Treatment‐Free Remissions in Children With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): A Prospective Study From the Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH) Pediatric CML (pCML) Cohort
Authors: Roy Moulik Nirmalya , Keerthivasagam Swaminathan , Chatterjee Gaurav , Agiwale Jayesh , Rane Pallavi , Dhamne Chetan , Chichra Akanksha , Srinivasan Shyam , Mohanty Purvi , Jain Hemani , Shetty Dhanlaxmi , Rajpal Sweta , Tembhare Prashant , Patkar Nikhil , Narula Gaurav , Subramanian Papagudi G. , Banavali Shripad
Published: November 2024

Pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia (pCML) is a rare childhood malignancy, representing 2%–3% of all childhood leukemia. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have greatly improved survival but pose challenges due to their long‐term effects on growth and bone health in children. We prospectively studied treatment‐free remission (TFR) in 45 children with pCML in chronic phase on imatinib. Eligibility criteria were as per current NCCN guidelines, with a less stringent qPCR monitoring scheduled every 3 months. TFR was successful in 71.1% (32 out of 45) of patients after a median follow‐up of 25 (range: 6–42) months. The TFR rates at 12 and 24 months were 70% and 66%, respectively. Children under 5 years had a TFR rate of 88.9%, compared to 61.8% in those over 5 years (p = 0.18). Eleven of the 13 patients who lost MMR did so within 6 months of discontinuation. The cumulative incidence of loss in MMR at 6, 12, and 24 months was 26.4%, 27%, and 33%, respectively. Ten out of 13 (76.9%) patients with discontinuation failure (DF) regained MMR within 3 (2–20) months of restarting imatinib. A significant correlation was found between higher T‐regulatory cell levels at baseline and DF (p = 0.005). More than half patients showed improved bone mineral density after 2 years of TFR. Our findings suggest that high TFR rates can be attained in pCML, with added benefits for bone health. Less frequent molecular monitoring was not associated with adverse outcomes and there seems to be a role of the immune system in sustaining TFR. The study is registered in the Clinical Trials Registry‐India (CTRI/2020/11/029199).
Chronic Catatonia in an Individual With a De Novo Missense SHANK1 Variant
Authors: Dahlberg Paige M. , Harris Holly K. , Lloyd Holder J.
Published: November 2024

SHANK1 encodes a scaffolding protein of the SHANK family that includes SHANK1, SHANK2 and SHANK3. All of the SHANK proteins are enriched at the post‐synaptic density of excitatory synapses. Here, we present an 11‐year‐old boy with a history of developmental delays and no family history of psychiatric disorders who developed catatonia. MRI of his brain and spine were negative as was a workup for autoimmune encephalitis. The proband's genetic testing revealed a de novo heterozygous SHANK1 missense variant. Although catatonia has been reported previously in individuals with SHANK3 loss‐of‐function mutations, this is the first time catatonia has been described in an individual with a SHANK1 variant.
Selective Nonenzymatic Formation of Biologically Common RNA Hairpins
Authors: Wu Long‐Fei , Zhang Junting , Cornwell‐Arquitt Robert , Hendrix David A. , Radakovic Aleksandar , Szostak Jack W.
Published: November 2024

The prebiotic formation of RNA building blocks is well‐supported experimentally, yet the emergence of sequence‐ and structure‐specific RNA oligomers is generally attributed to biological selection via Darwinian evolution rather than prebiotic chemical selectivity. In this study, we used deep sequencing to investigate the partitioning of randomized RNA overhangs into ligated products by either splinted ligation or loop‐closing ligation. Comprehensive sequence‐reactivity profiles revealed that loop‐closing ligation preferentially yields hairpin structures with loop sequences UNNG, CNNG, and GNNA (where N represents A, C, G, or U) under competing conditions. In contrast, splinted ligation products tended to be GC rich. Notably, the overhang sequences that preferentially partition to loop‐closing ligation significantly overlap with the most common biological tetraloops, whereas the overhangs favoring splinted ligation exhibit an inverse correlation with biological tetraloops. Applying these sequence rules enables the high‐efficiency assembly of functional ribozymes from short RNAs without template inhibition. Our findings suggest that the RNA tetraloop structures that are common in biology may have been predisposed and prevalent in the prebiotic pool of RNAs, prior to the advent of Darwinian evolution. We suggest that the one‐step prebiotic chemical process of loop‐closing ligation could have favored the emergence of the first RNA functions.
High‐Efficiency Trifluoromethyl‐Methionine Incorporation into Cyclophilin A by Cell‐Free Synthesis for 19F NMR Studies
Authors: Zhu Wenkai , Monnie Christina M. , Kitoka Kristīne , Gronenborn Angela M.
Published: November 2024

Fluorine‐19 NMR spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for studying protein structure, dynamics, and interactions. Of particular interest is the exploitation of trifluoromethyl (tfm) groups, given their high sensitivity and superior transverse relaxation properties, compared to single fluorine atoms. However, biosynthetic incorporation of tfm‐bearing amino acids remains challenging due to cytotoxicity and incompatibility with natural tRNA synthetases. Here, we report on overcoming this challenge using cell‐free synthesis, incorporating trifluoromethyl‐methionine (tfmM) into the protein Cyclophilin A (CypA) with remarkably high efficiency, impossible via biosynthetic means. Importantly, we demonstrate that tfmM CypA binds a native substrate, the N‐terminal domain of HIV‐1 capsid protein (HIV‐1 CA‐NTD), and retains peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity. It also binds the peptide inhibitor Cyclosporine A (CsA) with the same affinity as non‐labeled, wild‐type CypA. Furthermore, we show that 19F isotope shifts and 19F solvent paramagnetic relaxation enhancements (PREs) provide valuable structural information on surface exposure. Taken together, our study illustrates that tfmM can be readily incorporated into proteins at very high levels by cell‐free synthesis without disturbing protein structure and function, significantly expanding the scope of 19F NMR spectroscopy for studying protein structure and dynamics.
A C156 Molecular Nanocarbon: Planar/Rippled Nanosheets Hybridization
Authors: Fu Ruihua , Chen Xingyu , Qiu Fei , Liu Xinyue , Xia Jianlong , Zhang Lei
Published: November 2024

A novel hybrid nanocarbon consisting of one rippled and two planar nanosheets has been synthesized and characterized. Two meso pairs of [5]helicenes are formed along the long molecular axis of the hybrid to connect rippled and planar subunits, leading to a stable conformation. It is shown that the hybrid possesses the individual electronic properties of the rippled and planar subunits. Compared to the rippled subunit, such hybrid has a better geometric match to C60 and complexes with C60 in a 1 : 1 stoichiometry, with the association constant on the order of 105 M−1. The hybrid displays unusual anti‐Kasha fluorescence emission. The transient absorption spectroscopy revealed that the singlet fission (SF) from higher level singlet excited states (Sn) is operative in the film of the hybrid.
Transitioning Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Solid States to Aqueous Phases via a Cyclic Peptide‐Based Supramolecular Scaffold
Authors: Feng Ruicong , Yan Xianjia , Sang Yufeng , Liu Xindi , Luo Zhi , Xie Zhenhua , Ke Yubin , Song Qiao
Published: November 2024

Aqueous room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have garnered considerable attention for their significant potential across various applications such as bioimaging, sensing, and encryption. However, establishing a universally applicable method for achieving aqueous RTP remains a substantial challenge. Herein, we present a versatile supramolecular strategy to transition RTP from solid states to aqueous phases. By leveraging a cyclic peptide‐based supramolecular scaffold, we have developed a noncovalent approach to molecularly disperse diverse organic phosphors within its rigid hydrophobic microdomain in water, yielding a series of aqueous RTP materials. Moreover, high‐performance supramolecular phosphorescence resonance energy transfer (PRET) systems have been constructed. Through the facile co‐assembly of a fluorescent acceptor with the existing RTP system, these PRET systems exhibit high energy transfer efficiencies (>80 %), red‐shifted afterglow emission (520–790 nm), ultralarge Stokes shifts (up to 450 nm), and improved photoluminescence quantum yields (6.1–30.7 %). This study not only provides a general strategy for constructing aqueous RTP materials from existing phosphors, but also facilitates the creation of PRET systems featuring color‐tunable afterglow emission.
A Promising Tropical Medicinal Plant: Taiwan as the Production Hub of Japan's Coca Empire**
Authors: Lu Shao‐li
Published: November 2024

Before World War II, Taiwan became the second‐largest coca leaf production base in Asia, second only to Java, contributing to Japan's position as the world's largest exporter of cocaine. While Japan's opium empire has been the subject of extensive academic inquiry, its coca empire has received far less attention. This article explores Taiwan's role in Japan's dual empire of opium and coca, focusing on the environmental and historical factors that enabled the island to rapidly expand coca production. It finds that, in addition to Taiwan's favorable climate for coca cultivation, the island's long‐established tea industry provided mature techniques for harvesting and drying the coca leaves. Furthermore, the sugar company supplied the necessary equipment and capital for the extraction of cocaine, becoming a key resource in the industry's development. Learning from the limitations of the opium monopoly—where raw materials were increasingly constrained by international markets—the colonial government sought to promote self‐sufficiency in coca production. This strategy not only ensured a stable supply of raw materials but also allowed the coca industry to balance for the declining incomes from opium as international controls tightened. From all angles, the coca industry met Japan's expectations as a “promising drug.”
The British Missionaries’ Attempts to Identify Chinese Medicine**
Authors: Chang Che‐chia
Published: November 2024

The Western world has a profound historical engagement with medicinal resources originating from China. Following the Opium War, missionaries were granted access to China and established residence there. Motivated by clinical necessities and the inquisitiveness of the Western scientific community, these missionaries meticulously documented the medicinal resources available in China, endeavoring to incorporate this knowledge into Western pharmacology. Among the various reports produced in multiple languages, the contributions in English have emerged as particularly influential. This article seeks to analyze the information‐gathering processes within the missionary network and among other naturalists, commencing with Robert Morrison, the inaugural compiler of the English‐Chinese dictionary, and extending to Stephen A. Hunter, who collaborated with Chinese officials to develop a complete translation for pharmaceutical nomenclature.
How therapists take stock of therapeutic progress at the end of initial assessment
Authors: Bradshaw Thomas , Couteur Amanda Le , Oxlad Melissa
Published: November 2024

Background and Objective

Cognitive behavioural therapy has a significant attrition rate, yet little is known about how therapists work to encourage clients to continue in therapy. This study aimed to understand how therapists might encourage clients to continue therapy attendance.

Method

Using conversation analysis, we analysed regularities that occurred between the information gathering phase and rebooking in a corpus of initial psychology interviews.

Results

We describe a commonly occurring ‘stock‐taking’ activity wherein therapists discussed progress through a set of interrelated concerns (clients' problems, problem causes, problem interventions, and positive outcomes). Both clients and therapists oriented towards stock‐taking being enacted in service of encouraging clients to continue with therapy.

Conclusion

These findings offer practical guidance about one way that therapists might encourage clients to continue therapy. We also discuss implications for future research and clinical practice.
Innovative Endodontic Management of Pulp Canal Obliteration in Mandibular Incisors Using a Static Navigation System: A Case Report
Authors: MahjourianQomi Reza , Aminsobhani Mohsen , Assadian Hadi , Adnaninia Seyed Taha
Published: November 2024

The present case report aims to describe the successful management of pulp canal obliteration (PCO) in mandibular incisors using static‐guided endodontics. A healthy 74‐year‐old man was referred by a prosthodontist for root canal treatment on teeth #31, #32, and #41. Periapical radiographs revealed the presence of periapical lesions as well as PCOs in teeth #31 and #41. After cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation, guided endodontics was selected as the treatment approach. The intraoral scan of the lower jaw and CBCT datasets were aligned and processed through image processing software to design and create a 3D‐printed guide. A virtual drill was superimposed on the scans to ensure proper access to the identified root canals. Finally, the virtually designed guide was printed using a 3D printer and accurately positioned on the teeth. The access cavities were prepared using a Munce Discovery bur. After detecting the canals, the working length was determined. Root canal preparation was performed using rotary files up to F2, followed by obturation with gutta‐percha and a bioceramic sealer. After a six‐month follow‐up, the teeth remained completely asymptomatic and functional, and the periapical radiograph showed a normal periodontal ligament space, demonstrating the effectiveness of the treatment. These results indicate that static‐guided endodontics can be an effective and predictable approach for managing PCO in mandibular incisors with some consideration. Furthermore, these results highlight the clinical implications of this approach, particularly in elderly patients or teeth with severe obliterations.
Bio‐MOF‐11 Derived Amorphous Cobalt Hollow Nanospheres to Access Bioactive Quinazolinone Scaffolds and Aromatic Amines
Authors: Anbuselvan Natarajan , Sivaprakash Selvam , Pooja Sivakumar , Nithya Kesavan , Suresh Devarajan , Amali Arlin Jose
Published: November 2024

A facile synthetic strategy is reported to afford bioactive quinazolinones and aromatic amines by employing amorphous cobalt hollow nanospheres (Co HNS) derived from a Bio‐MOF, cobalt adeninate, as a catalyst. Modulated electron states of the amorphous cobalt with a high concentration of surficial active sites and Co–N sites enhance the intrinsic catalytic activity while the support, activated carbon, facilitates the formation of hollow structure.
Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF)‐Based Sensors for Mercury (Hg) Detection: Design Strategies and Recent Progress
Authors: Ma Wei , Zhang Qidu , Xiang Dongshan , Mao Kang , Xue Jiaqi , Chen Zhuo , Chen Zhen , Du Wei , Zhai Kun , Zhang Hua
Published: November 2024

Monitoring mercury (Hg) is critical for environmental and public health. Metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐based sensors demonstrate the advantage of high sensitivity and rapid response. We summarize the advances of MOF sensors for Hg2+ detection from the perspective of MOF type and role in the sensors. First, we introduce three MOFs used in Hg sensors‐UIO, ZIF, and MIL‐that have demonstrated superior performance. Then, we discuss the specifics of MOF‐based sensors for Hg2+ detection in terms of the recognition and signal elements. Currently, the recognition elements include T‐rich aptamers, noble metal nanoparticles, central metal ions, and organic functional groups inherent to MOFs. Sensors with fluorescence and colorimetric signals are the two main types of optical MOF sensors used for Hg detection. Electrochemical sensors have also been fabricated, but these are less frequently reported, potentially due to the limited conductivity and cycling stability of MOFs. Notably, dual‐signal sensors mitigate background signals interference and enhance the accuracy of Hg2+ detection. Furthermore, to facilitate portability and user‐friendliness, portable devices such as microfluidics, paper‐based devices, and smartphones have been developed for Hg2+ detection, showcasing potential applications. We also address the challenges related to MOF‐based sensors for Hg2+ and future outlook.
Deep‐Ultraviolet Transparent Nonlinear Optical Phosphates: A New Alternative to Conventional Borates
Authors: Zhao Hua‐Jun , Zhang Jia‐Xiang , Lin Hua
Published: November 2024

Deep ultraviolet (DUV) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals with balanced performance are crucial for extending laser wavelengths into the DUV region, essential for various laser applications. However, developing ideal DUV crystals is challenging due to stringent requirements: strong second‐harmonic generation (SHG) response, short cut‐off wavelength, and effective phase‐matching behavior. DUV NLO borates, which feature π‐conjugated groups, have garnered attention for their higher SHG coefficients compared to phosphates. However, phosphates typically show short UV cut‐off edges due to the large HOMO‐LUMO gap (approximately 9.6 eV) of the [PO₄] units. To enhance the SHG effect while maintaining DUV transparency in phosphates, several strategies have been proposed: 1) using distorted polymerized P−O groups like isolated C₁‐[P₃O₁₀]⁵− and [P₂O₇]⁴−; 2) aligning isolated [PO₄]3− tetrahedra along the polar screw axis; 3) introducing additional NLO‐active units; and 4) exploring new units derived from [PO₄]3−, such as [PO₃F]2− tetrahedra. These strategies have led to the successful development of various non‐centrosymmetric phosphates, highlighting their potential as DUV NLO candidates. This review explores the relationship between their crystal structures and DUV NLO performance, and proposes future directions for developing ideal DUV NLO materials.
Development of Dual Aurora‐A and Aurora‐B Degrading PROTACs for MYCN‐Amplified Neuroblastoma
Authors: Nelson Sydney E. , Tucker James R. , Prado Madelen G. , Tierney Lillian C. , Quigley Sarah L. , Lumpkin Andrew T. , Dodd Cayden J. , Hasko Viola , Howie Savannah L. , Aastha  , Ody Britton K. , Yin Jun , Heemstra Jennifer M. , Turlington Mark
Published: November 2024

In neuroblastoma, MYCN amplification is associated with survival rates of <50 %. Overexpression of the mitotic kinases Aurora‐A and Aurora‐B are also associated with low survival and exacerbate the oncogenic effects of N‐Myc. As N‐Myc is stabilized by Aurora‐A, Aurora‐A targeting proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have been developed that reduce Aurora‐A and N‐Myc levels. However, simultaneous degradation of N‐Myc, Aurora‐A, and Aurora‐B has not been previously achieved. Given the contributions of both Aurora kinases to MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma, we designed PROTACs capable of degrading both Aurora‐A and Aurora‐B. Dual‐degrading PROTACs dAurAB2 and dAurAB5 potently degraded Aurora‐A (DC50=59 nM and 8.8 nM, respectively) and Aurora‐B (DC50=39 nM and 6.1 nM), eliminated 89 %–97 % of Aurora‐A and Aurora‐B, and reduced N‐Myc levels by 38 % and 45 % in MYCN‐amplified IMR32 neuroblastoma cells. Global proteomics screening revealed that while dAurAB2 demonstrated good selectivity, dAurAB5 downregulated additional targets including threonine tyrosine kinase (TTK). Interestingly, TKK is also associated with MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma, and multi‐target PROTAC dAurAB5 reduced the viability of neuroblastoma IMR32 cells by 55 % at 24 hours. The development of dAurAB2 and dAurAB5 generates new modalities for inhibiting the oncogenic activities of Aurora‐A, Aurora‐B, N‐Myc, and TTK in neuroblastoma and other cancers.
Origin of Regioselectivity Inversion Tuned by Substrate Electronic Properties in Co(III)‐Catalyzed Annulation of N‐Chlorobenzamide with Alkenes
Authors: Gao Han , Wang Wujie , Zhai Xiaofang , Ye Feng , Liu Bin , Lu Gang , Li Yuliang
Published: November 2024

The mechanisms of Co(III)‐catalyzed annulations of N‐chlorobenzamide with olefins bearing different electronic properties were computationally studied and the origins of regioselectivity reversal were investigated by using energy decomposition analysis (EDA). The alkene migratory insertion step determines the regiochemistry of these reactions. EDA results indicate that the 2,1‐insertion with styrene is favored because there is a weaker Pauli repulsion between the cobaltacycle Co−C σ orbital and the olefin π orbital. Conversely, the 1,2‐insertion with vinyltrimethylsilane is more favorable than the 2,1‐insertion. This is mostly because the increased π electron density can effectively differentiate the stabilizing electronic interactions.
The Dual‐Role of Benzothiadiazole Fluorophores for Enabling Electrofluorochromic and Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Raj Mohan Raj Anthony , Yao Chengzhang , Balakrishnan Muthuperumal Gokul , Hu Lei , Malinge Alexandre , Frémont Mathieu , Cambe Coralie , Ortiz Orlando , Porlier Sacha , Skene W. G.
Published: November 2024

Three unsymmetric fluorophores differing in their flanking electron acceptor (−NO2, −CN, −CHO) were investigated for their electrofluorochromism and electrochromism. The emission yield of the ‐NO2 substituted fluorophore in the solid state was ca. 9‐fold less than its ‐CN and ‐CHO counterparts. Visible color changes of the fluorophores were observed with an applied potential. The intensity of the near‐infrared absorption at ca. 1500 nm formed upon electrochemical oxidation was contingent on the electron‐withdrawing group: 2‐fold more intense with the ‐CN substitution than its ‐H counterpart. The coloration efficiency was upwards of 655 cm2 C−1 and the bleaching kinetics (tb; 22 s) of the NIR band decreased according to ‐NO2>‐CN>‐ CHO ≈ ‐H. The electrochemically generated states could be reversibly formed during 120 min of switching the applied potential. The contrast ratio of the radical cation and the NIR absorption was near unity and 60–82 %, respectively. The photoemission intensity of the fluorophores could also be modulated with applied potentials. The collective electrochemically mediated color switching and emission intensity modulation along with their solid‐state emission demonstrate that benzothiadiazole fluorophores can play a dual role in chromic devices both as the color switching and photoemission intensity modulating material.
Carbon implications of sovereign wealth funds
Authors: Andersen Elena Vaagenes , Wilts Jakob Willem , Shan Yuli , Ruzzenenti Franco , Hubacek Klaus
Published: November 2024

As of May 2022, assets under management of these funds amount to 9.91 trillion USD. Hence, sovereign wealth funds have a significant influence on the financial system due to their substantial economic value. As the current practice of portfolio management is outdated, due to a lack of relevant input factors exploring environmental, social and governance issues, the study explores two commonly used portfolio management models; the Markowitz model and the conditional value‐at‐risk model, and proposes a new model integrating sustainability indicators. Results indicate significant economic and environmental differences between sustainable and conventional investments for sovereign wealth funds. To ensure global progress on emission reduction, these funds should implement climate change strategies to encourage and accelerate the low‐carbon transition while continuing to manage their investment portfolios.
Finite‐Time Disturbance Observer‐Based Adaptive Continuous Robust Control for Buck Converter
Authors: Aghdam Mohammadreza Hassanzadeh , Mazare Mahmood , Torkaman Hossein
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a novel finite‐time adaptive continuous robust control method for buck converters, combining dynamic sliding mode theory with a mismatched disturbance observer. While traditional sliding mode control can effectively manage matched disturbances, it often falls short when faced with mismatched disturbances, potentially compromising system performance. Our developed control strategy introduces a nonlinear sliding mode‐based disturbance observer and an adaptive continuous robust sliding mode control to guide state variables towards desired values. To mitigate the chattering phenomenon, the proposed controller incorporates a super‐twisting algorithm, ensuring continuous control command behavior. We conducted a rigorous finite‐time stability analysis of the control procedure using Lyapunov theory. Furthermore, comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed control method significantly reduces disturbance effects and enhances the buck converter's performance in terms of robustness and accuracy.