bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF SALINITY ON LIBYAN SOFT WHEAT TRITICUM AESTIVUM L AT GERMINATION STAGE
Authors: Ehtaiwesh Amal Faraj , Rashed Fatma Hossen
Published: November 2020

Salinity is the major abiotic stress that reduces plant growth and productivity worldwide. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of salinity on seedling characters of soft wheat Triticum aestivum L genotypes and to define if responses varied among wheat genotypes. For that, 12 genotypes of wheat were evaluated for the salinity tolerance in artificially induced with NaCl at their germination and early seedling stage.  Seeds were subjected to four levels of salinity (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) and raised for eight days under optimum conditions to calculate the final germination percentage, speed of germination, mean daily germination, shoot and root length, and seedling fresh and dry weight. The response of genotypes were divers among the studied traits. At higher concentration of NaCl (100 and 150mM), speed of germination and mean daily germination were delayed and final germination percentage was decreased. At higher salinity level, significant decrease in shoots and roots length, seedling dry weight and seedling vigor. Additionally, the study showed considerable variation in salinity tolerance among wheat genotypes for studied traits. The study concluded that there is a genetic variability among genotypes and that genotypes varied in their response to salinity stress and that genotypes Sabha, Salambo, Makkawi and Bushi were the most tolerant genotypes.
ACETONE RECOVERY USING BATCH DISTILLATION
Authors: Hawaidi Ebrahim Ali Mohamed , Yagub Mustafa T. , Saleh Riyad Ageli
Published: November 2020

This study focuses on determining the feasibility of obtaining maximum mole percentage of acetone (99 mole%) in the distillate stream from a 3 mole% acetone waste stream using batch distillation. The device which is used in this work has eight trays that will act as the stages of the batch distillation. The effects of varying reflux ratio and heat load (power) on acetone concentration were studied. Moreover, the operating conditions for the bath distillation column such as flooding and weeping with the extreme limits of operation were considered. The temperatures were also be recorded at each tray. The McCabe-Thiele method was used to determine the theoretical number of trays and compared with actual trays (column efficiency). For a chemical analysis of acetone/water compositions a refractometer was used for a chemical analysis, known acetone/water concentrations were analysed and used to construct a calibration curve. The results obtained showed that, the acetone concentration increases with increasing reflux ratio until a highest concentration was reached. Then, the concentration gradually decreases with increasing reflux ratio. However, the distillate stream with 99 mole % acetone was achieved at a reflux ratio of R=3 and at both powers 0.5 kw and 0.7 kw. Finally, the highest overall column efficiency reached by this work was about 75%.
تقدير بعض المعادن الثقيلة في أنواع من التوابل المتوفرة بالأسواق المحلية بمنطقة وادي الشاطي جنوب ليبيا
Authors: إمريمي محمود عبد الله , عكاشة ميلاد موسى , الشريف محمد عبدالله
Published: November 2020

في السنين الأخيرة ازداد الاهتمام بسلامة المنتجات الغذائية من الملوثات الضارة ، ومن هذه الملوثات تلوث الأغذية بالمعادن الثقيلة ، وتعد التوابل من المواد التي تضاف إلى الغذاء بغرض تحسين صفاته الحسية ، وقد تكون هذه التوابل بها بعض المعادن الضارة والبعض الآخر من المعادن إذا زاد تركيزها عن حدود معينة يسبب العديد من المشاكل الصحية للإنسان لهذا أجريت هذه الدراسة على بعض عينات من التوابل التي تباع في الأسواق في منطقة وادي الشاطي بجنوب ليبيا بغرض معرفة تركيزها من بعض المعادن الثقيلة وشملت التوابل التالية (الزنجبيل ، الكركم ، الكروية ، الفلفل الأكحل ، حبة البركة ، الفلفل الأحمر ، الكمون ، القرفة ، الكسبر) وأوضحت الدراسة تباين في تركيز المعادن في عينات التوابل حيث كان أعلى تركيز للحديد سجل في عينة الكروية  255 ملجم/كجم ، في حين كان التركيز الأعلى للزنك  في عينة الكمون 78 ملجم/كجم ، أما الكادميوم فكان أعلى تركيز في عينة الكمون 3.2 ملجم/كجم ، بينما سجل أعلى تركيز للرصاص في عينة الكسبر 32 ملجم/كجم ، وكان أعلى تركيز للمنجنيز سجل في عينة الكسبر 76 ملجم/كجم ، وهناك بعض العينات تجاوزت الحد الأقصى المسموح بها طبقاً للمواصفات القياسية لمنظمة الصحة العالمية ومنظمة الأغذية والزراعة.
أهمية تطبيق ﻨﻅﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺴـﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐـذاءﺀ في شركات الصناعات الغذائية (دراسة ميدانية على بعض شركات المنطقة الغربية)
Authors: قنبيج الهادي إمحمد , العقبي فاطمة عمار الهادي
Published: November 2020

أجريت الدراسة على عدد 10 شركات للصناعات الغذائية في مناطق غرب ليبيا وكانت على التوالي شركة النسيم للصناعات الغذائية، شركة شيماء للصناعات الغذائية، شركة رهف للصناعات الغذائية، شركة اللبأ لمنتجات ألألبان شركة البستان للصناعات الغذائية في مدينة مصراتة،  وشركة العالمية لصناعة الدقيق ، شركة صابرينا للمشروبات،  مصنع الرباط التاريخي لتعليب الأسماك في مدينة صبراتة، وشركة لبدة للصناعات الغذائية في مدينة الخمس، وشركة الربيع الدائم للصناعات الغذائية و تعبئة المياه العادية و الغازية و المشروبات في مدينة صرمان، في الفترة من 15/03/2017 إلى 30/6/2017 , وقد تم اتباع المنهج الوصفي عن طريق الدراسة المكتبية والمنهج التحليلي عن طريق الدراسة الميدانية وتوزيع الاستبيانة لجمع البيانات. ومن خلال تحليل بيانات الاستبيانة توصلنا إلى النتائج التالية:-وجد الباحث أن 50%من العينة تطبق ﻨﻅﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺴـﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐـذاءﺀ بينما 50% الأخرى ليس لديها نظام جودة، و40%من الشركات التي تطبق ﻨﻅﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺴـﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐـﺫﺍء  متحصله على شهادتي 9001ISO  و 22000 ISO ونسبة 10% تتبع نظامHACCP، كما وجد أن 80% من الشركات التي كانت  تطبق ﻨﻅﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺴـﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐـﺫﺍء  لاحظت تغيير في طريقة إدارة العمل و20 % من الشركات لاحظت أن لتطبيقات الجودة  تأثير كبير في خفض تكاليف الإنتاج في حين أن 40% منها كانت تأثيراتها  متوسطة،  بلغت التحسينات للشركات بعد تطبيق ﻨﻅﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺴـﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐـﺫﺍء نسبة 80%  منها 60% من الشركات حقق مستوى جودة لمنتجاتها منافسا مثيلاتها من المنتجات المستوردة التي تحصلت على معايير جودة بدرجة كبيره، كما لوحظ أن تطبيق ﻨﻅﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺴـﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐـﺫﺍء حقق تحسن في مستوى الأداء داخل الشركة بنسبة 100% وأثر في زيادة حصة الإنتاج في السوق ونسبة 80% من الأهداف المتوقع تحقيقها مستقبلا للمنافسة العالمية.
تقييم جودة بعض عصائر البرتقال بالسوق الليبي
Authors: خليفة عبد الباسط علي , الطاهر جمعة السيد , أبوصلوعة علي محمد , عبعوب علي ضو
Published: November 2020

تضمن البحث دراسة لتقييم جودة بعض عصائر البرتقال المحلية والمستوردة في السوق الليبي وذلك بمطابقتها للمواصفات القياسية الليبية رقم 37 لسنة 2009م من ناحية تركيز بعض العناصر الكيميائية ونسبة الحموضة الكلية مقدرة بحمض الستريك اللامائي كذلك التحاليل الجرثومية و قياس نسبة المواد الصلبة الذائبة و الأس الهيدروجيني (PH). حيث تم إجراء التحاليل وأخذت العينات من داخل السوق الليبي لعدد 8 شركات مصنعة للعصائر منها 5 شركات محلية و3 شركات غير محلية.

تبين من خلال النتائج الكيميائية المتحصل عليها أن نسبة الحموضة الكلية المقدرة بحمض الستريك اللامائي في جميع العينات مطابقة للمواصفات القياسية الليبية. أما بالنسبة لنسبة المواد الصلبة الذائبة فكانت العينة رقم 8 تقدر نسبة المواد الذائبة فيها   6.4% التي تعد أقل من المعدل المطلوب للمواصفات الليبية التي يجب ألا تقل عن 12% بالوزن أما بالنسبة لقياس الأس الهيدروجيني PH فكانت جميع العينات ضمن الحد المسموح به باستثناء العينة رقم 8 فكانت 2.71 وهي أقل من الحد المسموح به للمواصفة التي تتراوح بين 3-4. أما بالنسبة لتحاليل العناصر الثقيلة وهي (الرصاص – الزرنيخ- كادميوم – الخارصين – النحاس) كانت جميع العينات ضمن الحد المسموح به باستثناء العينة رقم 8 فقد تجاوزت الحدود المسموح بها لعناصر الكادميوم والزرنيخ و الرصاص ، أما بالنسبة للتحاليل الميكروبية فتبين من خلال النتائج أن جميع العينات كانت خالية من E.coli ، Yeast bacteria . وعند الكشف عن العدد الكلي للبكتيريا تبين أن العينة رقم 3 يوجد بها تلوث بكتيري أي غير مطابقة للمواصفة القياسية الليبية رقم 37 .
ENHANCEMENT OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN BARLEY AND WHEAT GRAINS BY GERMINATION
Authors: Aborus Naji Elhadi , Brunet Jasna Čanadanović , Šaponjac Vesna , Vulić Jelena
Published: November 2020

In recent years, sprouted grains have become very popular and widely accepted as a functional food because of their nutritious and health benefits. So, this study was performed to evaluate the phytochemical com­position, and in vitro antioxidant capacity, reducing power, antihyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities, of seven-day old cereal sprouts (CS): Cultivars, barley NS565 (BSNS), barley Golozr­ni (BSG), wheat Spelta (WSSPE), wheat Simonida (WSSIM). Phenolic compounds were the most dominant bioactives in all CS. BSNS expressed significantly higher (p≤ 0.05) content of total phenols, chlo­rophyll and carotenoids. The total flavonoids content (TFC) in CS showed that barley sprouts (BSNS, BSG) had the higher value (P≤ 0.05) than wheat sprouts (WSSPE, WSSIM) respectively. The freeze-dried sprouts powders (FDSP) extracts were screened for possible antioxidant ca­pacities using DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power (Rp) assays. The results indicated that the BSNS possessed higher antioxi­dant capacities in DPPH and ABTS assays, and reducing power (IC50DPPH = 0.54 mg/ml; IC50ABTS = 0.79 mg/ml; IC0.5RP = 9.35 mg/ml) respectively. The inhibitory effect of FDSP extracts on α-glucosidase activity was investigated. The BSNS extracts exhibited higher inhibitory activity (IC50AHgA = 1.43 mg/ml) against α-glucosidase (p≤ 0.05). The anti-inflammato­ry activity (Denaturation of protein in vitro) showed signifi­cantly different between the FDSP, and Diclofenac sodium (DS). The IC50AIA of DS and BSNS was 0.79 and 1.86 (mg/ml) res­pectively. There was a strong positive correlation between TPC and antioxidant activities and reducing power, and also between TFC and anti-inflammatory activity.
FOOD ADDITIVES AND PRESERVATIVES AS SLOW POISONS
Authors: Abusaloua Dr. Ali , Mohamed Dr. Guma , Ali Eng. Abdulbassit , Zahmol Eng. Waleed
Published: November 2020

Food additives are natural or synthetic substances that can be added to foodstuff in small amounts to perform technological functions, namely color, sweetness, nutrients, or to extend shelf life.  Due to Food processing technology revolution for all kinds of foods, additives and preservatives that are being added in food processing are increased.

Food additives toxicology appear in a long term combined effect, where a cumulative effect of their hazards as "Slow Poisons" will increase the risk possibility of disease or premature of death.  These slow poisons have been accumulated in our body since birth and are embedded in every cell structure and organ and disrupt the natural chemistry of your body. This paper has been reported that chemicals which are used as preservatives or additives have many side effects. The reaction of preservatives and additives can be very danger over time as slow poisons, to mild effect life threatening. It is best to eat a preservative-free diet if at all possible.
الكشف عن تواجد الفطريات في بعض الأغذية المنتجة محليا والمستوردة )دراسة أولية)
Authors: القمودي خولة عبد السلام , الشرشاري مروى عبد الوهاب , البكوش مودة الكوني , كاكا نهى البشير , هويسه سارة عبد الرحمن , الجهاني أسماء النفاتي , عامر ابتسام عمر
Published: November 2020

تعد البقوليات بديلاً عن اللحوم لاحتوائها على نسبة عالية من البروتينات، وتدخل في العديد من وصفات الطعام. ويعتبر سوء التخزين من العوامل التي تؤدي إلى زيادة نمو الميكروبات والجراثيم خاصّة الفطريات التي تعمل على إفراز السموم بالأطعمة مما يؤدي إلى إتلافها.

الكشف عن تواجد الفطريات في الأغذية المنتجة محلياً والمستوردة وشملت كلا من التوابل كالفلفل وبذور الحمص وثمار التمر المعروضة للبيع بالأسواق.

جمعت العينات الغذائية بمنطقه الدراسة لكل من الصنف المحلي والمستورد، في أوعية معقمة لعدد ثلاث عينات من كل نوع تضمنت ( بذور الحمص والفلفل الأحمر والتمر) بمعدل وزني مقداره  500 غرام لكل عينة.

ووضعت في كل من بيئة الآجار المغذية وماء الببتون لمدة 6 ساعات ومنها زرعت العينات على أوساط إنمائية وتشخيصية Potato dextrose agar Sabouraud Dextrose Agar لنمو الميكروبات (فطور وخمائر) وحضنت في 025م درجة مئوية لمدة 5 أيام، بعد الحصول على المزارع النقية حضرت العينة الفطرية للفحص المجهري للفطور.

أظهرت نتائج العزل وجود خمسة أنواع من الفطريات بالعينات المدروسة حيث تبين أنّ كافة عينات بذور الحمص ملوثة بينما لوحظ أنّ عينات الفلفل الأحمر المستورد ملوثة أكثر من الفلفل المحلي. كما لوحظ عدم تلوث عينة واحدة من أصل عدد ثلاث عينات لثمار التمر. هذا وشملت الفحوص المجهرية للعزل الفطريات التالية: Alternaria alternata،   ,Fusarium  oxysporum Rhizopus spp، Aspergillus flavus و Aspergillus niger . وتشير النتائج إلى أن المواد الغذائية تتعرض للتلوث نتيجة لعدم إتباع الطرق الصحيحة في التخزين والعرض بالأسواق.

يجب على مراكز التغّذية الاهتمام بالمواد الغذائية المستوردة بأن تخضع لشروط الصحة العامة بالجودة والقياس لتكون سليمة وصالحة للاستهلاك وكذلك نشر الوعي الثقافي للمستهلكين والموزعين في الحفاظ على الصحة الغذائية والتوصية أيضا باستكمال الدراسة بإجراء مسح شامل لعدد عينات أكثر والتعرف على سمية الفطريات المعزولة.
HANKEL DETERMINANT FOR CERTAIN SUBCLASS OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS ASSOIATED WITH GENERALIZED SRIVASTAVA–ATTIYA OPERATOR
Authors: Alkabaily Somaya Mohammed , Alabbar Nagat Muftah
Published: November 2020

This paper is to introduce a certain class of analytic functions denoted by  which is defined by generalized Srivastava – Attiya operator. This operator is associated with Hurwitz-Lerch Zeta function, obtain an upper bound to the second Hankel determinant  for  the class .
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THERMAL DESALINATION PLANTS USING DEAS PROGRAM
Authors: Al-Hengari Salah , El-Bousiffi Mohamed , El-Moudir Walid
Published: November 2020

This paper provides an overview of the potential use of Desalination Economic Analysis Spreadsheets DEAS package; implemented as Excel spreadsheets in economic evaluation and analysis of thermal desalination plants; especially multi stage flashing (MSF) and multi effect evaporation with / without thermal vapor compression (MEE / MEE-TVC).  The DEAS package program has been developed by the researchers. DEAS has been developed and used during the evaluation of thermal desalination plants in the oil sector in Libya. Cost data obtained from various sources were used to evaluate the economic performance and the cost of producing one m3 of distillate water.  Different aspects of economic evaluation were discussed in which the attractive potential utilization of DEAS program is shown.  The results obtained from DEAS program showed that the increase of plant capacity (although it increased the capital cost) reduced the product unit cost. In addition, an estimate of the unit product cost of thermal desalination processes could be done quickly and accurately through DEAS.
تطبيقات البرمجه الخطية باستخدام طريقة السمبلكس ذات المرحلتين
Authors: امبيرش أسماء عمر علي , الكواش زينب العربي , زلي سعاد مولود
Published: November 2020

نبحث في هذه الورقة تطبيقات البرمجة الخطية في نماذج النقل وخصوصا عند وجود مشاكل للإنتاج الأمثل؛ حيث قمنا بمقارنة بين الطرق الحديثة للوصول إلى تعظيم الأرباح باستخدام البرمجة الخطية الحديثة ومعرفة كيفية تحويل المدخلات المتاحة إلى معادلات رياضية يمكن حلها بسهولة، ويتم ذلك من خلال بناء نموذج رياضي لمشكلة البرمجة الخطية حيث تعجز طرق الحل الاعتيادية عن حل نموذج البرمجة لعدة مراحل. وقد تم استخدام برنامج LINDO و وبرنامج  WINQSB ومقارنته بطريقة السمبلكس ذات المرحلتين للوصول للحل الامثل. وتم التطبيق في شركة مرسى زواغة لتعليب الأسماك في دولة ليبيا / مدينة صبراته.
دراسة حجم الحركة المرورية والآثار المترتبة عليها بمقطع من الطريق الساحلي (مدخل صبراتة الشرقي ـــ مدخل صرمان الغربي) - حالة دراسية
Authors: الربيب أ. عبد الله علي , حسن أ. إبراهيم العارف
Published: November 2020

أجريت هذه الدراسة خلال سنه 2018 م على مقطع من الطريق الساحلي (مدخل صبراتة الشرقي-مدخل صرمان الغربي) في مدينة صبراتة بطول 5.35 كم إذ اشتملت على تجميع البيانات حول المقطع المدروس من خلال المسوحات الميدانية والتوثيق بالصور الرقمية للوضع القائم والاطلاع على إحصائيات الحوادث المرورية بمكتب المرور والتراخيص بصبراتة الواقعة عليه. ثم إجراء حصر مروري يدوى في الاتجاهين بساعات الذروة الصباحية والمسائية لمعرفة أعداد المركبات المارة على هذا المقطع ودراسة ما تسببه من آثار بيئية كالضجيج، والتلوث الهوائي، والازدحام المروري، وأعداد الحوادث المرورية. من واقع المعلومات المجمعة تم معرفة أحجام الحركة المرورية في الساعة، ومعدلات الحوادث، وتحديد مستويات الضجيج وكميات الغازات المنبعثة من عوادم المركبات المارة بنوعيها (البنزين والديزل) وتحليل الحوادث الواقعة بهذا المقطع من خلال أعدادها وأسبابها. وتم اقتراح حلول عدة متمثلة في إعادة تصميم الطريق بزيادة عدد الحارات بما يتماشى وأحجام المرور الحالية والحد من معدل وقوع الحوادث والتلوث البيئي.
عزل وتعريف واختبار كفاءة بعض الفطريات في تحلل الهيدروكربون من التربة الملوثة بالنفط
Authors: أبوالغيث سعاد محمد خليفة , زعيط أحلام القمودي محمد
Published: November 2020

استهدفت هذه الدراسة عزل بعض أنواع الفطريات من التربة الملوثة بالهيدروكربون بمصفاة الزاوية لتكرير النفط، حيث تم عزل وتعريف بعض الفطريات مثل Rhizopus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans وأوضحت نتائج هذه الدراسة أن تواجد وتنوع فطر Aspergillus قد تفوق معنويا مقارنة بتواجد وتنوع فطرRhizopus. كما تم في هذه الدراسة اختبار قدرة وكفاءة الفطريات المعزولة على النمو واستغلال المركبات الهيدروكربونية المتمثلة في زيت الحمادة وزيت الشرارة بتركيز 1% و3%، حيث أوضحت النتائج بأن جنس Rhizopus سجل أعلى معدل للنمو على الوسط الغذائي Malt Extract Agar، وسجل كلا من فطر A. fumigatus وفطر A. flavus معدّل النمو القطري أعلى معنويا من النمو القطري لفطرA. niger  وفطر A. nidulans. هذه المعدّلات العالية تدل على إمكانية استخدام الفطريات المعزولة في المعالجة البيولوجية للتربة الملوّثة بالنفط.
DEGRADATION OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS BY OZONE IN SYNTHETIC WATER
Authors: Derdar Mawaheb M. Zarok , Mezughi Khaled M. , Meshrghi Asia A. , Elalem Shada A.
Published: November 2020

In this research paper, ozone technology is used to eliminate pollutants in water and in wastewater treatment processes. The ozone reactions with the endocrine disrupters were studied at different gas flow rates, initial concentrations of endocrine disrupters, ozone concentrations and pH. The degradation of 17β-estradiol (E2) as single compound was the fastest reaching about 90% removal in almost 5 minutes. However, estrone (E1) degradation was the lowest reaching about 70% removal at the same time. The degradation of mixtures of the endocrine disruptors was found to proceed to lower percentages than individual components at the same conditions. During the multicomponent ozonation of the endocrine disruptors, it was found that 17β-estradiol (E2) converted to estrone (E1) at the beginning of the reaction.
دراسة ومحاكاة توليد الطاقة الكهربائية باستخدام طاقة الرياح بمنطقة مطار طرابلس الدولي- ليبيا
Authors: البُهلى أ. نافع أحمد , الحنيش أ. محمد محمود , الصالح د. طارق أحمد
Published: November 2020

تمت دراسة ومحاكاة متاحية استخدام الرياح لتوليد الكهرباء في منطقة مطار طرابلس الدولي بليبيا. متاحية توربينات الرياح تتغير من موقع إلى آخر، معتمد في ذلك على مصدر الرياح وسرعتها، وكذلك نوع هذه التوربينات (توربينة أفقية المحور وتوربينة عمودية المحور)، وسرعة بداية التشغيل وسرعة إيقاف التشغيل.

متاحية توربينات الرياح يمكن أن يتم التنبؤ بها باستخدام المنهجية المتبعة في النموذج الرياضي الذي تم استخدامه بهذا البحث. في هذا البحث تمت دراسة المتغيرات المشار إليها أعلاه خلال نموذج إحصائي، باستخدام المتوسط الشهري لبيانات سرعة الرياح المتاحة لدي فريق الإرصاد الجوي بالمطار للعامين 2008 و2009. 

أوضحت النتائج أن زيادة ارتفاع محور دوران التوربينة سوف يحسن من المتاحية. وتبين من خلال الدراسة أن المتاحية تكون أفضل عند استخدام توربينة المحور الأفقي مقابل توربينة المحور العمودي، وتتحسن قيمة المتاحية كلما كانت سرعة بداية التشغيل أصغر، بينما تبقى قيمة المتاحية ثابتة حتى لو كانت سرعة إيقاف التشغيل كبيرة.
PERFORMANCE OF MIXED EFFECTS FOR CLUSTERED COUNTING DATA MODELS
Authors: El-Saeiti Intesar N. , ALsawi Khalil Mostafa
Published: November 2020

This article is concerned with hierarchical generalized linear models. It includes generalized linear models and generalized linear mixed models, which are related to linear models.

In generalized linear mixed models, the dependent variable and the standard error follow any distribution from the exponential family, e.g. normal, Poisson, binomial, gamma, etc. We studied counting data, and then use the Poisson-gamma model,where the dependentvariable follows the Poisson distribution and the standard error follow the gamma distribution. Several estimation techniques can be used for generalized linear mixed model. In this paperthe hierarchical likelihood estimation technique was used to prove the performance of H-likelihood methodwhen thecounting data were balanced or unbalanced.

Real data were used to test the performance of Poisson-gamma H-likelihood estimation method in case of balanced and unbalanced counting data.When real data used in the past research for another problem, it was noticed that the performance of the hierarchical likelihood estimation technique gave a close approximations in the event of balanced and unbalanced counting data, and the output of the technique was approximately equivalent in both instances.
EVALUATION STUDY OF LANTHANUM HALIDE DETECTORS (LABR3:CE , LACL3:CE, NAI(TL), (HPGE)
Authors: Abdulla Karima , Alakrout Abtisam A. , Omer Manal , Aghtisa Samah
Published: November 2020

Through the use of thesources spectrums 22Na (S311.PH), 60Co (S297.PH), 133Ba (S295.PH), 137Cs (S296.PH) and 152Eu (S285.PH) the properties of Lanthanum Tri-Bromide (LaBr3:Ce) and Lanthanum Tri-Chloride (LaCl3:Ce) scintillation detectors were compared against Sodium Iodide (NaI(Tl)) scintillation and Hyper Pure Germanium (HPGe) semiconductor detectors. In all instances the HPGe detector was found to be superior, So, Hyper Pure Germanium detectors (HPGe) are outstanding devices for radioactivity spectroscopy. In addition the LaBr3:Ce and LaCl3:Ce detectors were always found to be superior to the NaI(Tl) detector.
PRIMARY INVESTIGATION ON POTENTIAL INTERACTION OF AN ER: YAG LASER SYSTEM WITH SKIN
Authors: Balleg Sana M. , Amesawi Iman M. , Alakrout Abtisam A.
Published: November 2020

Lasers are becoming widely used in medicine due to their beneficial effects such as: coagulation properties (less postoperative bleeding). As an alternative, lasers produce invisible infrared light at a wavelength of 2.940 nm which is ideal for absorption by hydroxylapatite and water. Therefore, they can be used for the treatment of both soft and hard tissues. The aim of this study is to investigate the interaction between the laser systems with power 15 W and pulse repletion rate up to 1 KHz on chicken skin at various irradiation parameters with distance 10 cm. A beam delivery unit, a focusing camera and a computer controlled stepper unit with sample holder to move the sample while irradiation with different laser parameter were used in this study. After irradiation and to inspect skin geometry and damage light microscopy, image analysis and laser scanning microscopy were used. It was noticed that the surface of the skin was slightly damaged with depth up to 3 mm and width about 200mm. This damage disappeared after few minutes of irradiation. In conclusion, the experiment demonstrated that the Er:YAG-laser system is an efficient tool for studying the interaction between the skin and laser in terms of use in treatment of skin problems. The results also show that when the number of pulses increases the depth of the laser becomes more and the damage increases as well. Further research, including controlled clinical and research studies, to investigate the higher efficacy, as well as side effects of laser therapy, is needed.
A COMPARISON OF FLUORESCENCE AND ULTRAVIOLET DETECTORS USING THE RP–HPLC TECHNIQUE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE (TRM-HCl): A CASE STUDY OF AL-BAYDA CITY, LIBYA
Authors: Abdolla Noreldin S. Y. , Omar Suad K. , Habib Ibrahim H. , Mohamed Hana S.
Published: November 2020

A fast and sensitive chromatographic RP–HPLC technique for examining tramadol hydrochloride (TRM-HCl) in tablets through using fluorescence detection (FL-D) and ultraviolet detection (UV-D) is reported in this paper. The separation was carried out using the reverse phase method on a Brownlee BIO C18 analytical column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% acetic acid and acetonitrile (2.5:7.5 v/v), which was pumped with an isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The LOD and LQD values obtained in the current study indicate that FL-D is more sensitive, and hence preferable to UV detectors in the quantification of TRM-HCl tablets over the entire concentration range used (5-125 µg/ml). The study showed that the mean percentage recoveries from five samples were 99.93-100.023% (FL-D), which is somewhat similar to that of the UV-D (99.93-100.028). In conclusion, although Fl-D is acceptable for the quantification of tramadol tablets, UV-D offers higher detection sensitivity and reproducibility, particularly within concentrations that are low in the deposit collectors.
THE CORROSION PROBLEMS IN HOUSEHOLD WATER HEATERS OF SABRATHA CITY
Authors: Almadhoni Khalid H. , Ammar Mohammad A.
Published: November 2020

The corrosion destructive action can reach the home of millions of people, thus costing a tremendous amount of money and causing a great inconvenience. With the up rise of brackish water in Sabratha city, corrosion can damage water heaters, pipe network, refrigerators and many more items found at homes. In addition, in the absence of adequate specifications, major failures of water heaters have been reported in the recent years creating a great deal of concern. This study investigated the reasons of water heaters failure, and the methods needed to overcome or limit such a problem.

Three main components, which have a direct relationship with the corrosion phenomena of heaters, were studied namely water, heater storage tank and heating element cover. To achieve that a chemical analysis of water samples and an examination of the microstructure and the chemical composition of heater storage tank and the heating element cover were carried out. The results revealed that the likelihood of forming a scale of Ca CO3 increases with increasing temperature, salt concentrations and the PH value.

The metallographic examination showed the presence of a ferrite-pearlite structure. The microstructural studies revealed the presence of un-equivalent distribution of carbon content responsible for galvanic corrosion. They also revealed that grain growth in Heat Affective Zone (H. A. Z.) was responsible for pitting type corrosion. The weld showed typical WIDMANSTAATEN structure. Chemical composition of the sample indicated that the structure belongs to the low carbon steel which is identical to ASM 1020, and that the cover of heating element is made of pure copper.
GROWTH INHIBITORY EFFECT OF CHLORHEXIDINE AND HEXETIDINE CONTAINING-MOUTHWASHES AGAINST ORAL BACTERIAL ISOLATES
Authors: Amer Ibtesam O. , Moman Raja M. , Gebreil Mustafa M. , Alsagher Mohamed R.
Published: November 2020

Background

Frequent use of mouthwash (MW) is one of the most effective methods used to prevent oral bacterial infections and to assist individuals in their efforts to achieve and maintain better oral health. Using a MW containing antibacterial agents would be a simple way to prevent growth and multiplication of pathogenic organisms in oral cavity causing dental caries and other mouth diseases. Chlorhexidine (CHX) and Hexetidine (HX) have been proposed as potent biocides against oral bacteria.

Objective

The present study was performed to investigate oral bacteria growth inhibition when using any of four mouthwashes that are commercially available in the Libyan market and contain either CHX, (Zordy land Oraxin), or HX, (Hextril and Givalex), and to clarify whether CHX and HX were suitable and safe biocides that can be included in mouthwash products.

Materials and Methods

Sixty adult (45 females and 15 males) volunteers had been chosen and divided into four groups and their saliva samples were assessed for microbial count at the beginning and the end of two weeks of treatment, during which they rinsed with 15ml of mouthwashes for 30 seconds twice a day (morning and evening) in addition to their usual oral hygiene procedures. The antibacterial activity of mouthwashes was assayed by cell viable count technique and cell diffusibility measurement.

Results

The results showed wide variations in the effectiveness of mouthwashes; those containing CHX were more effective (P ≤0.05) than formulations containing HX on oral microbial count. The main findings of the present study were that Zordyl, Oraxinand Hextril exerted high effects on the salivary microbiota, causing 90%, 60% and 34% reduction in salivary bacterial counts respectively. 25% reduction was observed for Givalex. On the other hand, the zone of inhibition test showed that Zordyl and Oraxin had large zone inhibitory effects, while Hextril and Givalex, were less effective on some bacterial species.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that twice daily use of CHX mouthwash (CHX-MW) or HX mouthwash (HX-MW) reduces oral bacterial load counts in healthy subjects when used as an adjunct to their normal oral hygiene procedures. This also suggests that inhibitory power of mouth washes containing CHX is greater on oral bacteria than mouthwashes containing HX.
Social and professional perceptions of a single career woman working in tertiary education
Authors: Gough Wendy
Published: November 2020

​As someone committed to becoming a leader in the professional development community, Wendy Gough writes from the perspective of a single working professional and shares how her presence as a gendered individual has impacted her experiences.
Acting the part: Life in Japan as role-play
Authors: Nakanishi Wendy Jones
Published: November 2020

Wendy Jones Nakanishi tells us the story of her path as a Western woman who came to rural Japan for a career in higher education and the benefits and challenges she faced there. She shares her experiences of living the life as an employed university worker, on the one hand, and as a woman in a male-dominated family, on the other.
Lesbian, mother, foreigner and educator: Challenges of a multifaceted identity in Japan
Authors: Smith Cynthia
Published: November 2020

Cynthia Smith writes of her experiences as a lesbian educator, wife, and mother and the transition from a single identity of foreigner in Japan to the multiple identities that she embodies today.
Black, British and female in the Japanese university English classroom
Authors: Haye-Matsui Avril
Published: November 2020

Avril Haye-Matsui offers a compelling look at life for a Black woman teaching in Japan drawing upon an autoethnographical approach. Through her narrative, she uses autoethnography to reveal her “embodied intersectionality” (Mirza, 2017, p. 40) of race and gender.
Above and beyond the single story
Authors: Ohri Richa
Published: November 2020

Richa Ohri explores her identity as an Indian woman through the lens of the single story and the inherent danger in clinging to single-story versions of each other. The author shares how her experiences have helped her to rise above and beyond the single story.
Sexual harassment, pregnancy discrimination, and power harassment
Authors: Creaser Fiona
Published: November 2020

Fiona Creaser brings to us in her chapter resources in how to recognize and respond to the very real difficulties that women can face in their workplaces in the form of sexual harassment, workplace bullying, and maternity harassment. Through a detailed explanation of these different types of harassment, the reader can understand the warning signs of such behaviors and risks. She also provides resources on how to navigate one’s way through the systems that are in place to help those in such situations.
Resonant voices: Leadership skills for women in the ivory tower
Authors: Brown Kathleen A.
Published: November 2020

Kathleen Brown discusses the concepts of executive presence, collaborative leadership, and linguistic resources as frameworks for leadership. In this chapter, the author explores how one might go about empowering one’s own voice and how this empowerment is related to a resonant voice.
Finding my tribe in an unlikely place: Being a woman in the world of technology
Authors: Donnery Eucharia
Published: November 2020

Eucharia Donnery shares her experiences of being a female in a male-oriented department at her university. She takes us on a journey from her academic background in literature to the challenging environment of a technical school and the impact of gender on both teachers and students.
On forging a literary (and academic) life in Japan
Authors: Kamata Suzanne
Published: November 2020

Acclaimed author Suzanne Kamata describes her fight to be taken seriously in an academic institution. She interweaves her professional life as a writer with the challenges she faced in pursuing a career in higher education and in getting creative writing recognized as an academic discipline.
Volunteering for JALT: one woman’s journey and a call to female language educators
Authors: Ohashi Louise
Published: November 2020

​Louise Ohashi details her involvement with the organization JALT (Japan Association for Language Teaching) from her perspective as a teacher, researcher, graduate student, and mother. She tells us from an insider’s perspective what it means to be involved in such an organization and the many benefits and difficulties that one can encounter with such a commitment.
Foreword
Authors: Simon-Maeda Andrea
Published: November 2020

In this foreword, Andrea Simon-Maeda makes connections between her past associations, her own experience as an academic in Japanese higher education, and the contributions to this book. All of these experiences indicate that success can be achieved by taking proactive measures. Such measures include obtaining an advanced degree, forging alliances with work colleagues, and networking at academic conferences.
Introduction
Authors: Nagatomo Diane Hawley , Brown Kathleen A. , Cook Melodie L.
Published: November 2020

This introduction, written by the three editors, gives an overview of the rationale and contents of the edited volume. The book is a collection of narratives, or stories. Each chapter highlighting particular issues that shape the personal and professional lives of foreign women teaching in Japanese higher education. The editors explain in this introduction that the authors of the contributing chapters reflect and analyze their experiences so that their “autobiographical stories shed light not just on the lives of specific individuals, but on certain themes that are relevant in a much broader way” (Vandrick, 2013, p. x). Integrated into the multiple stories that comprise our lives are the many identities that we hold for ourselves. These identities are situated in the many roles that we carry over our lives and careers—teacher, researcher, administrator, coordinator, mentor, student, mother, spouse, among others—all couched in our gendered identities.
ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE, COMPANY SIZE, COMPANY GROWTH AND PROFITABILITY ON CORPORATE VALUE
Authors: Naning Tri Rahayu  , Abu Darim
Published: November 2020

This study has a purpose to explain the significance of the effect of capital structure, firm size, company growth, and profitability affect partially or simultaneously on the value of manufacturing companies listed on the IDX. The population in this study were 144 manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange, a sample of 74 companies during the study period namely 2010-2016 using purposive sampling method with predetermined criteria. The data source used in this study is secondary data. Multiple linear regression is the analytical technique used in this study. After testing, the results of the capital structure, company growth, and profitability are obtained simultaneously and have a significant effect on the value of the company. Partially the capital structure has a negative and significant effect on firm size, company growth and profitability have a positive and significant effect on the value of the company.
ANALYSIS OF EDUCATION LEVEL AND INCOME EFFECT TO THE NUMBER OF POOR INHABITANT IN INDONESIA
Authors: Syamsul Arifin
Published: November 2020

This research aims to analyze the level of education and income per capita of the number of poor people in Indonesia in 2004 - 2019 either partially or simultaneously. The population in this study was Indonesia in 2004 - 2019. The sampling technique is purposive sampling technique. The data collection method is documentation. Although the method of analysis using regression analysis techniques of time series data. The results of data analysis showed that the level of education is partially significant effect on the number of poor people in Indonesia. On the other hand revenues significantly influence the number of poor people in Indonesia. While simultaneously the levels of education and income influence significantly to the number of poor people in Indonesia.
THE EFFECT OF EXCESSIVE SETTING TIME, LONG DAMAGE OF THE MACHINE, TIME OF PACKAGING PACKAGES STOPPED TO PRODUCTION OPERATIONAL COSTS: STUDY IN LINE 8A PT XYZ FARMA Tbk
Authors: A Ashwatu Nida Dipajana  , Iha Haryani H
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of excess machine setting time, machine breakdown time, time for packaging lines to stop, on production operating costs and which factors are most dominant in influencing production operating costs. This research uses a quantitative descriptive method approach. The place of research is at PT. XYZ Farma on line 8A. The research sample consisted of 22 data records from a population of 450 data records. Data collection techniques are observation techniques, event recording and documentation. The results showed the influence of excessive setting time, machine damage time, packaging line time stalled against operational costs of production. This is demonstrated by using AMOS, the value of C.R (Critical Ratio) exceeds the critical value ± 1,717. The value of C.R for each variable is the excessive machine setting time, the length of time the machine is damaged, and the time of the packaging line has stalled towards the operational cost of production is 2,850; 10, 913; 5,330.

Based on AMOS Standardized Regression Weight Output statistical calculations show that the duration of damage to the machine provides the greatest contribution in increasing the operational costs of production. This is indicated by the estimated coefficient value of the largest engine damage time which is 82.1%. So it can be concluded that the influence of excess engine setting time, machine breakdown time and time of the packaging line has stalled to the operational costs of production with the variable length of engine damage giving the greatest contribution.
Large contribution of organics to condensational growth and formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the remote marine boundary layer
Authors: Zheng Guangjie , Kuang Chongai , Uin Janek , Watson Thomas , Wang Jian
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Marine low clouds strongly influence global climate, and their radiative
effects are particularly susceptible to the concentration of cloud
condensation nuclei (CCN). One major source of CCN is the condensational growth
of pre-CCN particles, and sulfate has long been considered the major
condensing species in the remote marine boundary layer. While some studies
have suggested that secondary organic species can contribute to particle
growth, its importance remains unclear. Here we present the first long-term
observational evidence that organics play an important role in particle
growth over remote oceans. To the contrary of traditional thinking, sulfate
dominated condensational growth for only a small (∼18 %)
fraction of the 62 observed growth events, even fewer than the
organic-dominated events (24 %). During most (58 %) growth events, the
major condensing species included both organics and sulfate. Potential
precursors of the secondary organics are volatile organic compounds from
ocean biological activities and those produced by the air–sea interfacial
oxidation. Our results indicate that the condensation of secondary organics
contributes strongly to the growth of pre-CCN particles and thereby the CCN
population over remote oceans.
First Year Transition Through a Cultural Lens: Face Strategies of Vietnamese Students
Authors: Nguyen Linda , Chester Andrea , Herbert Anne , Lugg Alison
Published: November 2020

While Vietnamese students continue to enrol in international branch university campuses in Vietnam, little is known about the Vietnamese first year transition into these institutions, especially from a cultural perspective. This article presents the findings of four case studies that explored the face strategies used by Vietnamese undergraduate business students in transition to an international branch campus based in Vietnam. The use of collectivist and individualist face strategies was examined in three phases: at commencement, mid-way and at the end of the first year of studies. The findings suggest that collectivist face strategies might not be employed as often as expected by Vietnamese first year students in this context even though they transition from a Confucian heritage culture. Understanding face strategies can help anticipate challenges of Vietnamese students studying in English-medium environments and inform culturally sensitive practices in teaching and learning.
How do University Experiences Contribute to Students’ Psychological Wellbeing?
Authors: Brooker Abi , Vu Catherine
Published: November 2020

Wellbeing has important implications for students’ success during and beyond university. As such, educators need clear empirical evidence of the aspects of university life that contribute to students’ wellbeing. We use a mixed-methods approach to ask whether and how students’ diverse university experiences contribute to their self-rated wellbeing. In an online survey, 696 students provided accounts of positive and negative experiences at university and self-rated their wellbeing using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS).   Most of the sample reported high wellbeing, though there was diversity in their reported experiences. Regression analysis revealed that students’ experiences at university significantly contributed to the variation in their wellbeing scores. Social and academic experiences were the strongest positive contributors  to student wellbeing; whereas gender, social experiences and emotional experiences were the strongest negative contributors. Our findings offer guidance for strategies within academic and non-academic university contexts that can effectively and efficiently promote student wellbeing.
First-Year Students’ Academic Self-Efficacy Calibration: Differences by Task Type, Domain Specificity, Student Ability, and Over Time
Authors: Talsma Kate , Norris Kimberley , Schüz Benjamin
Published: November 2020

This research explored whether academic self-efficacy calibration (the match between self-efficacy beliefs and academic outcomes) in first-year psychology students (n=197) differed as a function of task type (written assignment/multiple-choice exam), domain specificity (task level/subject level), over time (mid-semester/end of semester) and according to student achievement level (high achievers/low achievers). Lower-achieving students were overconfident across both the written assignment and the exam, while higher-achieving students were accurately calibrated on both tasks. The subject-level calibration of lower-achieving students improved between mid-semester and the end of semester (though students remained overconfident). Higher-achieving students’ subject-level calibration remained stable over the semester, and they were about half as overconfident as the lower-achieving students. Both groups of students were more overconfident at subject-level than at task-level overall. On the whole, overconfidence was prevalent, especially for low achievers, and at subject level. Findings suggest that a one-size-fits-all approach to self-efficacy is unlikely to be beneficial for all learners.
Revised estimates of earthquake hazard in New Zealand
Authors: Smith W. D. , Berryman K. R.
Published: November 2020

Earlier estimates of earthquake hazard in New Zealand have been revised by incorporating not only seismological data on known large earthquakes and recent instrumental coverage of small earthquakes but also geological inference from observed ground deformation. The country has been divided into a number of regions, within each of which the density of earthquake occurrence is assumed to be uniform, while rate parameters very from region to region. The effects of earthquakes occurring throughout each region are then obtained by integration. The results are presented in a similar way as in the earlier study. The estimated hazard is slightly reduced for Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch, and significantly increased for Dunedin.
Behaviour of ductile hollow reinforced concrete columns
Authors: Mander J. B. , Priestley M. J. N. , Park R.
Published: November 2020

An experimental investigation into the seismic performance of ductile hollow reinforced concrete bridge piers is described. Four 3.2 m high specimens, 750 mm square with 120 mm thick walls containing 60 longitudinal steel bars and different arrangements of confining steel in the plastic hinge zone were subjected to a constant axial load and cyclic lateral displacements. An assessment of the effect of axial load and the amount of transverse steel on the rotational capacity of the plastic hinge is made. The specimens performed satisfactorily at member ductilities between 6 and 8 without  any significant degradation of strength under cyclic loading.
The Prediction of Stakeholder participation in Project Execution on Completion of Urban Roads Transport Infrastructure Projects in Kenya
Authors: Matu Johnson , Kyalo Dorothy Ndunge , Mbugua John , Mulwa Angeline Sabina
Published: November 2020

This paper examines the influence of stakeholder participation in project execution on completion of road projects implemented by Kenya Urban Roads Authority. Descriptive research survey design was used for collection of both quantitative and qualitative data. Analysis was performed using correlation and regression analysis. The results were r = 0.796, R2 = 0.634, F (4, 209) = 90.503 and p<0.000<0.05. The findings revealed that stakeholder participation in project execution showed a strong, positive and statistically significant relationship with completion of urban road transport infrastructure projects and accounted for 63.4% of total variation in such projects. The study recommends government agencies should endeavour should work together during project implementation to ensure that service lines and acquisition of land is done ahead of time to avoid delay in completion. This will aim at ensuring quality work is achieved by both the client and the consultant through a collaborative stakeholder engagement. In conclusion, the findings of this study will shape the future of road construction and stakeholder engagement in road construction projects.
Evaluation of Contractors’ Financial Ability: A Remedy for Performance of Road Construction Infrastructural Projects for Sustainable Cities
Authors: Mushori James , Rambo Charles Mallans , Wafula Charles Misiko
Published: November 2020

Construction of roads in Kenya, particularly done by local contractors, has adversely been faced with serious issues to do with cost overruns, longer periods in completion and above all poor quality upon completion. However, performance of roads in the post-delivery or post construction stage has not keenly been assessed or studied despite poor workmanship. Although financial aspect has been associated with completion road construction projects, studies have not used this predictor variable to study performance. The aim of the study was to establish the influence of financial ability of contractors and performance of road construction infrastructural projects in Nairobi County, Kenya. Both descriptive survey research and correlation research designs were adopted in this study. A target population of 460 comprising all public service vehicle drivers plying Eastern Bypass, and Outer-ring roads in Nairobi, as well as the contractors and engineers from the construction firms in Nairobi County. A sample of 210 was drawn from both categories of respondents and served with interview schedules out of which 153 were returned representing 72.8%. Results from the simple linear regression model revealed that contractors’ financial ability, explains 44.7% total variation in the performance of road construction infrastructural projects. This relationship was established to be lineally positive and strong (r=0.669) and also significant (P=0.000<0.05). The study findings play a vital role in construction project management during evaluation process of selecting effective contractors for better road performance.