bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Chemometric Analysis of Montelukast Sodium And Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride In Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Artificial Neural Networks, Partial Least Squares, And Principal Component Regression Models
Authors: Jagdale Aishwarya , Mitkari Bhavana , Sutar Abhijeet
Published: March 2024

Present work describes applications and comparison of three models including Artificial intelligence-based ANN model and multivariate regression models namely PLS and PCR for simultaneous estimation of Montelukast sodium and Levocetirizine dihydrochloride in a tablet dosage form. Calibration and validation sets were prepared using standard solutions in a defined ratio as well as in random ratios. The UV absorption spectra of calibration set, and validation set were recorded in wavelength range of 200–400 nm using methanol as solvent. Three different models were constructed and validated using these sample sets. Three models were used to calculate the amount of drugs in the tablet formulation. Accuracy of the models was studied by performing recovery studies. Models were studied based on values obtained for root-mean-standard error for cross-validation, root-mean-standard error calibration, and correlation coefficients. All models showed lower values for the error terms and correlation values very close to one. Comparison of the three models shows that PLS, PCR and ANN models shows quite similar prediction ability, but ANN models need a larger number of samples to build a good model. These developed models were also compared with the reported HPLC method, and it was found that spectrophotometric based models are simple, rapid and gives better and faster prediction as compared to univariate models as well as costly, time consuming HPLC methods. Thus, these models may be used in the quality control department.
No Genetic Causality between Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Diabetic Nephropathy: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Ma Qiqi , Song Shuaihua , Xu Gaosi
Published: March 2024

Background
Numerous studies have reported the close relationship between branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Nevertheless, whether there is a genetically causal association between them remains profoundly elusive.
Methods
A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed using the large genome-wide association studies of the European population. The causal association was primarily evaluated by the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. In addition, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, simple mode, and MR-weighted mode were also conducted as the supplemented methods. For sensitivity, Cochrane’s Q test, MR-Egger regression, and MR-PRESSO were employed to evaluate the heterogeneity and pleiotropy, respectively.
Results
According to the IVW method, no significant causal effect was measured between three BCAA and DN (valine: OR: 1.202, 95% CI: 0.714–2.023, P = 0.488; isoleucine: OR: 0.878, 95% CI: 0.400–1.924, P = 0.744; leucine: OR: 1.395, 95% CI: 0.686–2.839, P = 0.358; total BCAA: OR: 1.374, 95% CI: 0.703–2.685, P = 0.352). For reverse MR analysis, DN as an exposure factor also had no causal effect on BCAA (valine: OR: 1.004, 95% CI: 0.994–1.014, P = 0.412; isoleucine: OR: 0.999, 95% CI: 0.990–1.009, P = 0.910; leucine: OR: 1.001, 95% CI: 0.992–1.011, P = 0.802; total BCAA: OR: 1.002, 95% CI: 0.993–1.012, P = 0.628).
Conclusion
Our results first demonstrated no significant causal association between BCAA and DN at the genetic level.
WITHDRAWN: Simulation Analysis of Electron Diffusion in Circular Semiconductor Attached With Gold Nanoparticle
Authors: wang junli
Published: March 2024

The present research has focused on the electron diffusion simulation in titanium oxide (TiO2) after ultrafast electron injection from attaching gold (Au) nanoparticles measured by femtosecond spectroscopy using Monte Carlo random walk. While the recombination phenomenon is anticipated to be significantly influenced by the external structure of TiO2, this effect has not been thoroughly researched. In this study, the simulation experiments were conducted with the electron diffusion originating from the center of the circle. The diffusing electron encounters in-boundary reflectance within the range of 15°-345°, and experiences out-of-boundary absorption between 0°-15° and 345°-360°. The program allows for boundary and radius step-size adjustments to bring the simulated surface closer to the actual surface of the TiO2 nanostructure. The histograms corresponding to the occurrence frequency of the out-of-boundary absorption are obtained. Furthermore, the boundary and radius step-size are adjustable, we gave scatter plot of their different particle positions and their density plot. The charge recombination process is influenced by the carrier diffusion length with variable step size radius; by variable boundary, nanoparticles and lifetime conform to the experimental quadratic relationship were verified.
Web-Enhanced Return-to-Work Coordination for employees with common mental disorders: Reduction of sick leave duration and relapse
Authors: Corbière Marc , Mazaniello-Chézol Maud , Lecomte Tania , Guay Stéphane , Panaccio Alexandra , Giguère Charles-Édouard
Published: March 2024

Background
Common mental disorders (CMDs) are highly prevalent in workplace settings, and have become a significant public health challenge. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of PRATICAdr, a web application facilitated by a Return-to-Work Coordinator (RTW-C), with a focus on reducing sick leave duration and preventing relapse in individuals with CMDs.
Methods
PRATICAdr, designed to enhance collaboration among Return-to-Work (RTW) stakeholders and provide systematic support throughout the RTW process, was evaluated in a quasi-experimental study. Survival analyses were used to compare sick leave durations and relapses between the experimental group (PRATICAdr with RTW-C), and control groups (RTW-C only). Both conditions had equal distribution of 50% from a large public health organization (n = 35) and 50% from a large private financial organization (n = 35). Mixed linear models were used to observe changes in clinical symptoms over time, especially for the experimental group.
Results
The experimental group demonstrated significantly shorter sick leave durations and fewer relapses compared to the control group. Notably, the average absence duration was close to 3 months shorter in the experimental group. This difference was found when the RTW-C intervention (rehabilitation care) began 2 months after the onset of sick leave. Relapses occurred only in the control group (13.2%). The absence of relapses in the experimental group is noteworthy, along with the significant decrease in depressive and anxious symptoms over time.
Conclusions
The findings suggest that incorporating PRATICAdr into RTW-C intervention can lead to substantial cost savings by facilitating coordination among stakeholders and guiding the RTW process with validated tools. Initiation of RTW-C intervention alongside PRATICAdr within the first month of absence is recommended for optimal health and work outcomes.
Obtention of crosslinked hybrid films from xanthan gum and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate for controlled drug delivery
Authors: Ortega Alejandra , Toral Eduardo , Burillo Guillermina , García-Uriostegui Lorena
Published: March 2024

Modification of natural polymers with inorganic molecules is a good alternative to develop new hybrid materials by biomedical applications, taking advantage of its inherent properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and low cost. In this work, films of xanthan gum (XG) and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMPS) were crosslinked by gamma radiation in solid state, and their potential application as drug delivery system loading narrow- and broad-spectrum antibiotics (vancomycin and ciprofloxacin) were studied. The parameters evaluated in the crosslinking process were dose and TMPS concentration, obtaining the highest crosslinking percentage at 15 kGy and 200% TMPS. The incorporation of silane compound was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal analysis (TGA), indicating that reticulation process was successful carried out and TMPS was incorporated of material. Also, swelling behaviour, contact angle and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) of crosslinked films were evaluated, showing materials with good porosity and hydrophilicity. The studies of drug delivery displayed excellent results for vancomycin, loading 110 mg g-1 approximately and releasing more of 95%, while ciprofloxacin was able to load until 4 mg g-1 and released 80%.
Using D.SAP, an apple-based formulation for treatment of human papilloma virus, a case report
Authors: Dezhakam Hossein , Dezhakam Amin , Dezhakam Ani , Dezhakam Shani , Haghighatfard Arvin
Published: March 2024

The Human papilloma virus (HPV) with almost 1% of prevalence in sexually active adults has more than thirty-five (HPV) types, that can infect the genital tract in women and cause a visible genital HPV infection and genital warts that reveal on the cervix, vagina, urethra, anus, and surrounding areas are mostly caused by HPV genotypes 6, 11 and 18. Moreover, the oncogenic HPV types including 16,18,31,33 and 35 are detected in most of the genital warts and are significantly associated with intraepithelial neoplasia of vulval (VIN), cervical (CIN), and anal (AIN). About fifty percent of the infected group have a subclinical or latent infection. Some of the HPV types can cause cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. The most common treatment methods for removal of the HPV-induced vaginal warts are including cryotherapy, electrocautery, laser therapy, surgery, or trichloroacetic acid. In the present case report the treatment of a 41 years old woman with HPV infection and HPV-induced vaginal warts using an Iranian specially formulated apple-based sap called Dezhakam sap (D.SAP) has been presented. Results showed the disappearance of warts on the vaginal area, and replacement with normal tissue after three months of treatment. D.SAP is an antioxidant and probiotic-rich compound that could help the immune system fight against HPV infections and may present as a potential complementary therapy for HPV-induced warts.
Differentiation of innovation ecosystems of the countries being the Global Innovation Index leaders in the global competitive context
Authors: Polyakov Maxim , Khanin Igor , Bilozubenko Vladimir , Shevchenko Gennadij , Korneyev Maxim
Published: March 2024

Innovations have become pivotal for the growth and competitiveness of national economies. Generating innovations necessitates a comprehensive ecosystem as a set of conducive conditions. With competition intensifying and focusing on innovation, countries increasingly prioritize the enhancement of their innovation ecosystems. The foundation for this lies in international comparisons, particularly among countries that are global leaders, as it aids in identifying their specific characteristics and advantages. The aim of the study is to differentiate the innovation ecosystems of world-leading countries by highlighting the indicators in which they differ the most.The paper covered the top 15 countries according to the Global Innovation Index, each characterized by 23 indicators in their innovation ecosystems. In the first stage, using mathematical processing (the k-means method), the countries were divided into six clusters. Then, to find the parameters that differentiate the obtained clusters, a classification analysis was conducted (the “decision tree” method), resulting in 11 indicators that, in various pairwise combinations, most differentiate the analyzed countries. These indicators reflect the features and most important advantages (or weaknesses) of each innovation ecosystem and are also priorities for increasing the parameters of these ecosystems to improve the position of countries. It is advisable to use these indicators to form state innovation policy.
O fenômeno open finance com foco na socialização da informação para desenvolvimento social analisado a partir dos dados abertos do Banco Central do Brasil sobre operações de crédito
Authors: Meirelles Juliana Rodrigues de Lima , Cristovão Henrique Monteiro
Published: March 2024

O mundo passa por grandes transformações na gestão e uso da informação, e no sistema bancário/financeiro brasileiro essas mudanças têm impactado a forma como a sociedade lida com suas finanças dando ênfase à competitividade. A pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar e revelar relacionamentos entre variáveis de bases de dados abertas do Banco Central do Brasil relativas a operações de crédito, no contexto do open finance, considerando possibilidades de socialização da informação para benefício social. A pesquisa é qualitativa de natureza aplicada, de caráter exploratório e descritivo que se utiliza, principalmente, de técnicas de análise de redes de informação e de visualização de informação. A pesquisa encontra-se em andamento, porém, há resultados significativos: uma modelagem conceitual utilizando-se de uma ontologia de referência de domínio; dois elementos visuais estatísticos sobre os dados da base; duas redes de informação monopartidas devidamente formatadas. Após inspeção visual sobre os elementos gerados, pôde-se observar a relação entre a contratação de produtos de créditos e a inadimplência de acordo com o porte salarial, a importância dos estados SP, RS, SC, PR e MG como sendo relevantes perante à sociedade nos aspectos relativos ao consumo de produtos bancários, e a semelhança dos mesmos com relação ao porte salarial dos consumidores. Os resultados podem ser utilizados no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas orientando a aplicação de incentivos direcionados a nichos específicos de consumidores de produtos de crédito, estimulando o consumo em determinada área, agregando a economia e o desenvolvimento do país.
Constructed wetland-based wastewater treatment of a coffee-washing plant and its impacts: a case study of Kege processing plant, Ethiopia
Authors: Mihret D. , Gonse A. , Lamisso S. , Kannan N.
Published: March 2024

Coffee washing units in Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia pose a serious threat to surface water sources and coffee growing soils. A comparison field performance test was conducted on the capacity of natural and constructed wetland on wastewater treatment. The study indicates that treating the effluent from the processing plants using constructed wetland supported by sedimentation pond, filtration, and gravity aeration can reduce pollutant levels significantly. The treated waste water can be safely disposed-of to the natural river. It was observed that BOD5 was reduced by 90 and 96% in natural and constructed wetlands, respectively. TDS was reduced substantially whereas nitrate was reduced by 63%. Soil quality parameters from the wetland are within the permissible limits of Ethiopian Environmental Protection Agency. Heavy metals from coffee beans produced from the surrounding farms using water from Gidabo River discharged with treated effluent from the processing units are within the permissible limits. It is evidenced that wetlands in general and constructed wetlands in particular are promising technologies to treat the effluent water and recommended to be adopted by all the processing units in the region.
Characterizing the aridity indices and potential evapotranspiration using CMIP6-GCMs in two distinct regions of Ethiopia
Authors: Seifu Tesema Kebede , Demessie Eshetu Kidist
Published: March 2024

Using an ensemble of three global climate models, the current study aims to estimate climate change and quantify the changes in the aridity and evapotranspiration of two distinct areas in Ethiopia. To adjust for bias in the climate dataset, the Hydrological Modeling Tool (CMhyd) was used. These studies were initially run using station data and employed the shared socioeconomic pathways scenarios for the short-range (2011–2040) years and medium-range (2041–2070) years. Climate-related aridity is measured using the De Martone and United Nations Environment Programme aridity indices. The study's findings for the western and eastern catchments for the reference period (1981–2010) years reveal an average annual temperature rise of 1.5 and 0.06 °C and a drop in annual precipitation of 15.73 and 3.68 mm/year, respectively. These alter the climate in the geographical areas that have historically supported drought. Evapotranspiration in the western and eastern catchments may grow by up to 24.6 and 21.6%, respectively, by the 2070s. The observation implies that the western catchment may experience more pronounced climate change and volatility than the eastern one. The consequences of this observation influence agriculture, water resource management, and the social and economic well-being of those living in drought-prone areas.
Effectiveness and Safety of Different Oral Anticoagulants with P-glycoprotein/
CYP3A4 Inhibitors: A Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Siyu , Xu Ye , Zhang Yang , Li Dandan , Li Xingang
Published: March 2024

Background:

Metabolism of oral anticoagulants (OAC) is affected by P-glycoprotein (P-gp)/
CYP3A4 enzyme. However, the P-gp/CYP3A4 inhibitors are unavoidably used with OACs.

Methods:

Medline, Cochrane, and Embase were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials and
cohort studies from inception till 23rd November, 2022 to assess the safety and effectiveness of OACs when
concomitantly used with P-gp/CYP3A4 inhibitors. The primary outcomes were major bleeding and gastrointestinal
(GI) bleeding. Secondary outcomes were stroke/systemic embolism (SE), all-cause mortality, any
bleeding as well as intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). We estimated summary odds ratios (OR) with 95% credible
intervals (CI) using pairwise and network meta-analysis with random effects

Results:

A total of 11 studies involving 37,973 patients were included. When concomitantly used with P-pg/
CYP3A4 inhibitors, network meta-analysis indicated that dabigatran, apixaban, and edoxaban were associated
with significantly lower risk of major bleeding compared to rivaroxaban, with ORs of 0.56, 0.51 and 0.48, respectively.
Rivaroxaban and dabigatran were associated with a significantly increased risk of GI bleeding than
warfarin, apixaban and edoxaban. Dabigatran and apixaban were linked with significantly lower risk of any
bleeding compared with warfarin (ORs were 0.75 and 0.68, respectively) or rivaroxaban (ORs were 0.67 and
0.60, respectively). Apixaban (OR 0.32) and edoxaban (OR 0.35) were associated with a lower risk of ICH
compared with warfarin. There was no difference between any OACs in terms of stroke/SE or all-cause mortality.

Conclusion:

When concomitantly used with P-gp/CYP3A4 inhibitors, apixaban and edoxaban were associated
with a lower risk of bleeding, though no significant difference in effectiveness was observed among all OACs.
Effects of Clarithromycin and Ketoconazole on FK506 Metabolism in Different
CYP3A4 Genotype Recombinant Metabolic Enzyme Systems
Authors: Wen Jinhua , Xiao Yuwei , Zhao Menghua , Yang Chen , Hu Weiqiang
Published: March 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of clarithromycin and ketoconazole on the
pharmacokinetic properties of tacrolimus in different CYP3A4 genotype recombinant metabolic enzyme systems,
so as to understand the drug interactions and their mechanisms further.

Method:

The experiment was divided into three groups: a blank control group, CYP3A4*1 group and
CYP3A4*18 recombinant enzyme group. Each group was added with tacrolimus (FK506) of a series of concentrations.
Then 1 umol/L clarithromycin or ketoconazole was added to the recombinant enzyme group and
incubated in the NADPH system for 30 minutes to examine the effects of clarithromycin and ketoconazole on
the metabolizing enzymes’ activity of different genotypes. The remaining concentration of FK506 in the reaction
system was determined using UPLC-MS/MS, and the enzyme kinetic parameters were calculated using
the software.

Results:

The metabolism of CYP3A4*18 to FK506 was greater than that of CyP3А4*1B. Compared with the
CYP3A4*1 group, the metabolic rate and clearance of FK506 in the CYP3A4*18 group significantly increased,
with Km decreasing. Clarithromycin and ketoconazole inhibit the metabolism of FK506 by affecting
the enzyme activity of CYP3A4*1B and CYP3A4*18B. After adding clarithromycin or ketoconazole, the
metabolic rate of FK506 significantly decreased in CYP3A4*1 and CYP3A4*18, with Km increasing, Vmax
and Clint decreasing.

Conclusion:

Compared with CYP3A4*1, CYP3A4*18 has a greater metabolism of FK506, clarithromycin
and ketoconazole can inhibit both the enzymatic activities of CYP3A4*1 and CYP3A4*18, consequently affecting
the metabolism of FK506 and the inhibitory on CYP3A4*1 is stronger.
A Radiomics-clinical Nomogram based on CT Radiomics to Predict Acquired
T790M Mutation Status in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Xiong Wanrong , Yu Xiufang , Zhou Tong , Huang Huizhen , Zhao Zhenhua , Wang Ting
Published: March 2024

Objective:

To develop and validate a radiomics-clinical nomogram for the detection of the acquired T790M mutation in patients with advanced non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC) with resistance after the duration of first-line epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)
treatment.

Materials and Methods:

Thoracic CT was collected from 120 advanced NSCLC patients who suffered progression on first- or second-generation TKIs. Radiomics
signatures were retrieved from the entire tumor. Pearson correlation and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression
method were adopted to choose the most suitable radiomics features. Clinical and radiological factors were assessed using univariate and
multivariate analysis. Three Machine Learning (ML) models were constructed according to three classifiers, including Logistic Regression (LR),
Support Vector Machine (SVM), and RandomForest (RF), combining clinical and radiomic features. A nomogram combining clinical features and
the rad score signature was built. The predictive ability of the nomogram was assessed by the ROC curve, calibration curve, and decision curve
analysis (DCA).

Results:

Multivariate regression analysis showed that two clinicopathological characteristics and two radiological features were highly correlated with the
acquired T790M mutation, including the progression-free survival (PFS) of first-line EGFR TKIs (P = 0.029), the initial EGFR profile (P = 0.01),
vascular convergence (P = 0.043), and air bronchogram (P = 0.030). The AUCs of clinical, radiomics, and combined models using RF classifiers
for T790M mutation detection were 0.951 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.911,0.991), 0.917 (95%CI 0.856,0.978), and 0.961 (95%CI 0.927,0.995)
in the training cohort, respectively, higher than those of other classifier models.The calibration curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow Test showed good
calibration power, and the DCA demonstrated a significant net benefit.

Conclusion:

A radiomics-clinical nomogram based on CT radiomics proved valuable in non-invasively and efficiently predicting the acquired T790M mutation
in patients who suffered progression on first-line TKIs.
Liposomes as Transformative Tools in Drug Delivery, Therapeutics, and
Beyond
Authors: Srivastava Ashish , Singh Anshuman , Srivastava Parul , Wal Ankita , Wal Pranay , Yadav Anil Kumar , K Rai Awani
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Liposomes are spherical vesicles composed of lipid bilayers that have gained significant
attention in the realm of drug delivery and therapeutic applications. They offer several advantages
over traditional drug delivery systems, including:

-Protection of drugs from degradation and clearance
-Enhanced bioavailability
- Reduced systemic toxicity
- Precise, site-specific drug delivery

To elucidate the multifaceted aspects of liposomes, from their fundamental structure and composition
to their cutting-edge applications in medicine and biotechnology.
This comprehensive review was conducted through a systematic search of relevant literature on liposomes.
The search was limited to English-language articles published in the past 10 years. A total
of 150 articles were selected for review based on their relevance and impact.

The review provides a detailed overview of the following aspects of liposomes:

-Structure and composition
- Mechanism of action
- Targeting strategies
- Preparation methods
- Biomedical and biotechnological applications

Liposomes are a promising drug delivery platform with the potential to revolutionize the treatment
of various diseases. Their unique properties, including biocompatibility, versatility, and tunability,
render them ideal for encapsulating a wide range of therapeutic agents. The review highlights the
significant progress made in liposome research in recent years, paving the way for their translation
into clinical practice.
Association Between Changes in Haematological Parameters and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized Due to Severe COVID-19 in a Peruvian Reference Hospital
Authors: Benavides-Luyo Claudia , Velasquez-Manrique Annie , Quinones-Laveriano Dante M , Chaupi-Rojas Susan , Azanero-Haro Johan , Soto Alonso
Published: March 2024

Objective:

To determine the association between changes in haematological parameters
and mortality in patients hospitalized due to severe COVID-19 at a Peruvian reference hospital from
April to December 2020.

Materials and Methods:

Observational, analytical, historical cohort study based on the review of
clinical records of patients hospitalized due to severe COVID-19 from April to December 2020. We
evaluated changes in common haematological parameters, including white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes,
neutrophils, and platelet counts, as well as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on the
third and seventh days of hospitalization compared with admission values in the deceased and nondeceased
groups. Changes in haematological parameters were expressed as median and interquartile
ranges (IQR). Multivariate Poisson regression analysis was further done to evaluate the effect of
haematological changes in mortality, adjusting for gender, age, and comorbidities.

Results:

We included 1033 cases, of which 68.05% were male. Deceased patients had a significant
increase in total WBC on the third day (1.0 *103/μL; IQR -1.7 to 5.4) and the seventh day
(1.6*103/μL; IQR -1.9 to 4.9) compared to their admission values. The neutrophil count in the deceased
patients also increased on the third day (1.2; IQR -1.7 to 4.9) and seventh day (1.9; IQR-1.5 to
5.8), as did the NLR ratio on the third day (0.2; IQR -0.4 to 1.6) and seventh day (0.7; IQR -0.2 to
2.2). Surviving patients showed an opposite trend in these parameters. In contrast, platelet counts
increased on the third day (49*105/μL; IQR -0.3 to 1.3) and the seventh day (90*105; IQR 0.0 to 2.0)
in surviving patients, whereas deceased patients did not show significant changes. All these differences
remained statistically significant in the adjusted analysis.

Conclusion:

An increase in total WBC, neutrophils, and NLR at the third and seventh days compared
to admission values was associated with higher mortality in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19,
while an increase in platelet count was associated with decreased mortality. Monitoring these changes
can help in identifying those patients with higher mortality risk.
The Role of Principal Component Analysis in Pharmaceutical Research: Current Advances
Authors: Sharma Diksha , Sharma Anjali , Gaba Punam , Sharma Neelam , Kumar Sharma Rahul , Sharma Shailesh
Published: March 2024

Karl Pearson developed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in 1901 as a
mathematical equivalent of the principal axis theorem. Later on, it was given different
names according to its application in various fields. Principal Component Analysis
provides a foundation for comprehending the fundamental workings of the system
under examination. It has various applications in different fields such as signal
processing, multivariate quality control, psychology, biology, meteorological science,
noise and vibration analysis (spectral decomposition), and structural dynamics. In this
chapter, we will discuss its application in pharmaceutical research and drug discovery.
This technique allows for the representation of multidimensional data and the
evaluation of large datasets to improve data interpretation while retaining the maximum
amount of information possible. PCA is a technique that does not require extensive
computations and offers reduced memory and storage requirements. PCA can be
conceptualized as an n-dimensional ellipsoid fitted to the data, with each axis
representing a principal component. The ellipse's axes are determined by subtracting
the mean of each variable from the datasheet. In the pharmaceutical research field,
original variables are often expressed in various measurement units. Therefore, the
original variables are divided by their standard deviation once the mean has been
subtracted. This step is taken to work with z-scores, which are further used for
extracting the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the original data.
History of Edirne and the City’s Form
Authors: Erdoğan Nevnihal
Published: March 2024

Situated in Thrace (Trakya) on the European side of the Marmara Region of
Turkey, the city of Edirne is today important as a border city that ranks as a cultural
and university center. Because it served as one of the Ottoman Empire’s three historical
capital cities (the others being Bursa and Istanbul), the city is an open-air museum with
very important monuments and architectural elements. Among the historical buildings
still extant are mosques, charity complexes, bridges, old shop buildings, caravansaries,
palaces, historical houses, and their quarters.

Developing out of its former role as an old Byzantine fortress, the city advanced greatly
as a Turkish-Muslim city during the Ottoman Empire. Its development was
significantly boosted by construction and improvements ordered by the successive
sultans, in their first-degree positions, and by high-ranking state officials of second and
third-degree positions. The significance of the role they played in the development of
the city is evident from the fact that they gave their names to many neighborhoods.

The concept of centralization became the catalyst for a significant change in the old
Paleo-Christian fortress city of Edirne. Ottoman monuments and shopping areas began
to cluster in the northeastern corner of the city. Within a period of 200 years after the
Turkish conquest, Edirne had acquired the look of a developed city with new districts
and inhabited quarters.

Edirne’s form is the result of three distinct types of urban development specific to the
three periods of urban history: Roman/Byzantine, Ottoman, and Modern. The
Roman/Byzantine form was included in the Ottoman city, which took on a more
homogeneous form in the modern era.
KAPALI ALANDA BEACON TABANLI NAVİGASYON UYGULAMASI
Authors: Çakır Recep , Tanrıverdi Murat , Sarıkaya Behlül , Şentürk Fatmana , Doğanalp Serkan
Published: March 2024

Günlük yaşamda bir adrese ilerlerken veya insanları bir adrese yönlendirirken konum bilgisine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bundan dolayı Küresel Konum Belirleme Sistemleri (GNSS-Global Navigation Satellite Systems) gündelik yaşamda oldukça önemlidir. Genel olarak GNSS alıcısının yeteri kadar uydu görmesi halinde navigasyon amaçlı uygulamalar için konum belirlenebilmektedir. Ancak GNSS teknolojisinin sinyal yapısından kaynaklı olarak GNSS alıcıları kapalı alanlarda uydu sinyallerini alamamakta ve iyi performans verememektedir. Bu nedenle kapalı alanlarda alternatif konum belirleme teknolojileri kullanılmaktadır. Bu teknolojilerden biri de Bluetooth tabanlı Beacon teknolojisidir. Bu çalışmada Beacon cihazları kullanılarak kapalı alanlarda navigasyona izin veren bir mobil uygulama geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen bu uygulama Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi giriş katında test edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında öncelikli olarak test edilecek olan kapalı alanın haritası çıkarılmış ve Beacon cihazları bu test alanı üzerinde algılama mesafelerine göre konumlandırılmıştır. Sonrasında ise; daha önceden çıkarılan harita üzerinde, Beacon cihazlarının gerçek konumları işaretlenmiştir. Bir sonraki aşamada ise; bina girişinden itibaren hedef odaya kadar olan rotanın belirlenmesi ve gerekli yönlendirmelerin yapılmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda gidilecek yola en hızlı şekilde ulaşmak için dijkstra algoritması kullanılmıştır. React Native ile geliştirilen mobil uygulamada kullanıcılara rota ve anlık olarak katedilen yol Leaflet kütüphanesi ile gösterilmiştir. Yapılan testler sonucunda bina içi navigasyon uygulaması hedeflenen konumların tespitini %90 doğruluğunda elde etmiştir.
Effect of stocking density of Snakeskin gourami (Trichopodus pectoralis) in polyculture system with Black apple snail (Pila polita)
Authors: To Vu Thien Tam , Nguyen Ngoc Tram , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Nhu , Ngo Thi Thu Thao
Published: March 2024

The experiment determined the effect of stocking density of snakeskin gourami in the polyculture model with black apple snails. The experiment included four treatments corresponding to four densities of fish (ind./m2): (i, Control): 0, (ii) 3, (iii) 5, and (iv) 7; snails were stocked at 150 snails/m2; each treatment was triplicated. The initial fish’s weight was 12 ± 0.3 g, and the snail’s weight was 0.15 ± 0.01 g. After 120 days of the experiment, the survival rate of fish was 100% in all treatments, whereas the survival rate of snails ranged from 80.22 to 82.44%, and there were no significant differences (p>0.05). Snails in the control treatment obtained the highest specific growth rate (2.68 %/day) and productivity (0.54 kg/m2). In contrast, the specific growth rate and productivity of fish obtained the highest number in treatment iv, with 0.98 %/day and 0.24 kg/m2, respectively. The highest profit was recorded in the treatment with 7 fish/m2, and this was significantly different (p<0.05) compared to the control and 3 fish/m2 treatment. Results from this study showed that the stocking density of 5 fish/m2 was suitable to enhance productivity of both snail and snakeskin gourami in polyculture system.
Financial development and energy security in the Asia-Pacific region: The long run and short run perspectives
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thuy Ngan , Nguyen Thien Nhan , Nguyen Ngoc Duc
Published: March 2024

This study examines the long- and short-term effects of financial development on energy security for middle-income countries across the Asia-Pacific region. Using various co-integration estimators, our results show that financial development not only intensifies the overdependence of these economies on fossil fuels but also indirectly makes them sensitive to shocks coming from energy demand and supply. The rapid growth of the urban population increased power demand and, therefore, made these countries rely on unsustainable sources of energy as the most viable solution. Findings from our short-run analysis not only strengthen the results obtained from the long-run equations but also provide many interesting insights. First, a fossil-reliant economy is proven to be detrimental to the development and availability of renewable energy by indirectly making projects entailed with their use economically infeasible. Second, financial development and fossil energy usage are two key forces explaining the rapid growth of these economies.
Plant Growth Promoting Endophytic Microorganisms from Orchids for A Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Goh Lucky Poh Wah , Jaisi Benardette Lyovine , Jawan Roslina , Gansau Jualang Azlan
Published: March 2024

Conventional agriculture practice has heavily relied on chemical fertilizers to increase crop yield. However, long-term application of chemical fertilizers carries tremendous negative impact on the environment and is unsustainable. Hence, the search for an alternative source of fertilizers is required. Orchids are flowers and can be found in tropical countries. The growth and development of orchids are closely tied to the presence of plant growth promoting endophytic microorganisms (PGPM). PGPM harbours various beneficial traits such as potassium and phosphorus solubilization and indole acetic acid and siderophore production which enhance and support plant growth and development. This review article showed that PGPM isolated from orchids could be utilized in conventional agriculture to reduce dependency on chemical fertilizer.
A Mini Review on Analysis of Potential Antibacterial Activity of Symbiotic Bacteria from Indonesian Freshwater Sponge: An Unexplored and A Hidden Potency
Authors: Setiawan Edwin , Hermanto Michael Einstein , Abdulgani Nurlita , Prasetyo Endry Nugroho , Riani Catur , Wulandari Dyah , Budiharjo Anto
Published: March 2024

Marine sponges have been investigated as potential bioresources because of their symbiotic relationship with microbes such as Actinobacteria that produce antibacterial substances. In contrast, a group of sponges, that inhabits freshwater environments called freshwater sponges (Order Spongillida Manconi & Pronzato, 2002) and consists of only one percent among all of the sponges’ species (Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836), has  not yet intensively examined.  For this reason, we screened, determined, evaluated, and reviewed by examining several databases in Scopus, Pub Med, and Google Scholar related to potential aspects of symbiotic bacteria and their antibacterial substances that can be further utilised  and developed into synthesised  antibacterial compounds, based on published metagenomic data of symbiotic bacteria in freshwater sponges. At the same time, we compared a composition of those freshwater symbionts to marine sponges’ symbionts whether those possess a similar composition or not. Moreover, a current report and a revisit study of freshwater sponges in East Java, initiate further direction on mapping of those symbiotic bacteria from Indonesia that can be nominated as potential groups possessing antibacterial properties.
Diversity of Santigi (Pemphis acidula J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.), A Mangrove Association in Tomini Bay, Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Baderan Dewi Wahyuni K. , Rahim Sukirman , Angio Melisnawati H. , Akbar Muh. Nur , Jannah Magfirahtul , Retnowati Yuliana , Utina Ramli
Published: March 2024

Pemphis acidula is a wild plant in rocky or sandy coastal areas and mangrove ecosystems. Different geographic characteristics may affect plant adaptability and have an impact on the emergence of various genotypes. This study was performed to reveal the phenetic relationship and genetic variation of P. acidula in 3 different areas in Tomini Bay, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. We took 3 samples from each location and analysed them using 14 morphological characters and molecular approaches based on ISSR markers and ITS gene. The results showed that P. acidula on Olele had bigger sizes in some morphological features compared to the plants in other study areas. The phenetic analysis showed that P. acidula at Biluhu and Dulanga were more closely related, although P. acidula at the 3 locations had 100% similarity. Genetic variation analysis showed the highest genetic similarity based on ISSR markers was found in Dulanga and Biluhu samples (76.8%). Phylogenetic based on ITS gene revealed that Olele samples were in the same clade with P. acidula accession from GenBank (genetic distance 0-0.19%), while Biluhu samples were a sister group (genetic distance 24.97-25.03%) even though their percentage identity corresponds to P. acidula (81.34%). Plant adaptation to different habitat conditions may affect the genetic diversity of P. acidula.
Therapeutic Effects of BRC Functional Food from Indonesian Black Rice on Body Weight and Haematological Parameters in Obese Rats
Authors: Sofyantoro Fajar , Syam Adi Mazdi , Adania Baik Aisyah , Almunawar Muhammad Fikri , Nasution Nurlita Putri Bela , Hidayat Rheina Faticha Asyamsa , Mataram Made Bagus Auriva , Maharesi Chesa Ekani , Nurhidayah Septika , Purwestri Yekti Asih , Nuriliani Ardaning , Hidayati Lisna , Pratiwi Rarastoeti
Published: March 2024

Obesity increases the risk of various diseases. Black rice, renowned for its high anthocyanin content, is considered a potential functional food for preventing metabolic disorders. The current study investigated the effects of black rice crunch (BRC) on body weight and haematological profiles in obese rats. Rats were fed with high-fat diet to induce obesity and supplemented with different concentrations of BRC for 4 and 8 weeks. The results showed that high-fat diet effectively induced obesity, as evidenced by significant increase in body weight. Importantly, 75% BRC supplementation resulted in significant weight reduction in obese rats. Further analysis revealed an increase in erythrocyte numbers in obese groups supplemented with 75% BRC, but no significant changes in haemoglobin concentration or haematocrit percentage. Further investigation showed that 75% BRC led to a decrease in mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), potentially affecting the size and concentration of haemoglobin within erythrocytes. The total leucocytes count increased with the high-fat diet, while BRC supplementation alone did not have significant impact. Lymphocyte percentage remained stable across the groups, indicating minimal influence of the dietary interventions. Neutrophil percentage varied initially but was not specific to BRC or the high-fat diet. Platelet count and distribution width were not significantly influenced, but mean platelet volume (MPV) increased after 8 weeks of BRC treatment, suggesting larger platelet sizes associated with obesity. Overall, the study provides important insights into the effects of BRC supplementation on body weight and haematological parameters related to obesity.
Hesperitin Synergistically Promotes the Senescence Induction of Pentagamavunone-1 in Luminal Breast Cancer Cells, T47D
Authors: Rifai Fauziah Novita Putri , Hanifa Mila , Zulfin Ummi Maryam , Ikawati Muthi , Meiyanto Edy
Published: March 2024

Pentagamavunone-1 (PGV-1), a curcumin analog, is a promising anticancer candidate for several cancers that have been proven in vitro and in vivo. However, the efficacy of PGV-1 against breast cancer is subject to improvement to achieve a more suitable application. Here we propose hesperitin, a citrus flavonoid, to increase the anticancer potency of PGV-1 in luminal breast cancer cells. We use the T47D cell as the model to investigate the effect of co-administration of PGV-1 and hesperitin on cell cycle block, apoptosis modulation, and senescence phenomena. PGV-1 and hesperitin showed strong and weak cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 2 µM and 100 µM, respectively. The co-treatment of PGV-1 and hesperitin resulted in strong synergistic effects with combination index (CI) value of ≤ 0.2. This combination caused apoptosis in correlation with cell cycle disruption in G2/M phase at 48 h. In particular, PGV-1 and hesperitin combination increased the incidence of cellular senescence significantly higher than the single treatment. Despite its senescence potentiation, hesperitin did not induce senescence in normal cells. Taken together, hesperitin may increase the anticancer potency of PGV-1 by modulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via the senescence mechanism.
A Study of Information Architecture and Interaction
Authors: Fu Yuhao
Published: March 2024

In the current era of rapid development of information, the field of visual communication design carries the important mission of conveying information and optimizing user experience. This study aims to deeply analyze the core principles and strategies of information architecture and interaction design in visual communication design, as well as the relevance and importance of the two in enhancing design efficiency and user experience. Through the form of case studies, this paper specifies the strategies and methods for building effective information architecture in visual communication design projects, such as target user group analysis, information classification and organization, and navigation system design. The research focuses on the practical and theoretical foundations of interaction design, and explains the key role of interaction design in enhancing user experience and information interactivity. The paper meticulously explores the basic principles of interaction design, such as consistency, feedback, and control, and how these principles can be applied in visual communication design to build intuitive and efficient user interfaces. This paper proposes a multidimensional optimization strategy, including interdisciplinary teamwork, user research and testing, and iterative design, to promote the effective integration of information architecture and interaction design. To summarize, this study not only delves into the application and practice of information architecture and interaction design in visual communication design, but also provides a set of theoretical frameworks and practical design strategies for designers and researchers, with a view to advancing the field of visual communication design to a higher goal by improving the interactability of information and user experience.
Study on the Dilemma and Countermeasures of Learning English for Art Students in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Fu Yuhao
Published: March 2024

With the intensification of globalization, English has become an important tool for international communication. However, for art students in colleges and universities, they face a series of dilemmas in English learning due to the limitations of their professional characteristics and disciplinary requirements. Through survey research and literature review, this paper analyzes the main problems of art students in colleges and universities in English learning, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures to help them better cope with their English learning dilemmas.
Analisis Pengaruh Cash Flow untuk Memprediksi Kondisi Financial Distress Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Marheni Ni Putu Oka , Erna Trisna Dewi Anak Agung Ayu , Kartana I Wayan
Published: March 2024

Judul penelitian ini adalah Analisis Pengaruh Cash Flow untuk Memprediksi Kondisi Financial Distress Pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Adapun yang menjadi perumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Apakah total cash flow, operating cash flow, investment cash flow, dan funding cash flow berpengaruh terhadap Financial Distress pada perusahaan manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan secara empiris pengaruh total cash flow, operating cash flow, investment cash flow dan funding cash flow terhadap prediksi terjadinya financial distress di suatu perusahaan manufakur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2014-2019. Sedangkan teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling, yaitu teknik penentuan sample dengan pertimbangan tertentu, dan di dapat sebanyak 17 perusahaan. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data data antara lain uji asumsi klasik, yang terdiri dari uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, uji autokorelasi dan uji heteroskedastisitas, analisis regresi berganda.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) total cash flow berpengaruh terhadap financial distress. (2) operating cash flow tidak berpengaruh terhadap financial distress.(3) investment cash flow berpengaruh terhadap financial distress.(4) funding cash flow tidak berpengaruh terhadap financial distress.