bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sağlık Programlarında Gerçeklik Sorunu: Sağlık Bilimleri Öğrencilerinin Programlara İlişkin Görüşleri
Authors: DEMİRCAN Birol , TURANCI Eda
Published: July 2019

Medya aracılığıyla dolayımlanarak yeniden inşa edilen pek çok sağlık bilgisi, günümüzün gerçeklikleri olarak sunulmaktadır. Geleneksel bir iletişim aracı olan televizyonda özellikle kadınlara yönelik olarak yayınlanan programlara, sağlığı doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak ele alış biçimleri ve program içerikleri ekseninde çeşitli eleştiriler getirilmektedir. Eleştirilerin başında, sağlık gibi komplike bir konunun ve tıp biliminde yer alan tedavi ile yöntemlerin, estetik kaygılar üzerinden beslenme ve güzellik fetişleştirmesi ile ideolojik birer meta haline dönüştürülmesi gelmektedir. “Hastalık yoktur hasta vardır” anlayışından yola çıkılarak yapılan bu eleştiriler sonucunda çalışma; kadın/sağlık programlarında aktarılan bilgilere, hekimlerin medyada yer alış biçimine, sağlık bilgilerinin program içeriklerindeki sunumuna, sunum sırasında kullanılan dile ve aktarılan önerilere ilişkin sağlık bilimleri öğrencilerinin görüşlerini ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlar. Bu kapsamda çalışmada, en çok izlenen kadın programlarından biri örneklem olarak seçilmiş ve görüşmeler yoluyla geleceğin uzmanları olarak değerlendirilen “Beslenme ve Diyetetik” ile “Hemşirelik” bölümü öğrencilerinin görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Derinlemesine görüşmeler sonucunda, programlara yönelik bakış açılarının öğrenim alanlarına göre farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca elde edilen bulgular genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde; öğrencilerin kadın/sağlık programlarını düzenli takip etmedikleri, bu tür programlara ilişkin olumsuz bakış açılarının çoğunlukta olduğu, beslenme ve diyet gibi kişiye özgü olması gereken bilgilerin bireysellik gözetilmeden herkes için geçerli bilgilermiş gibi sunulduğu, bu tür programların izleyiciler üzerinde olumsuz etkilerinin olabileceği ve bu bilgilerin izleyiciler tarafından uygulanma ihtimalinin yüksek olduğu sonuçlarına erişilmiştir.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin İnternet İçin Eleştirel Okuryazarlık Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Hasan
Published: July 2019

İnternet için eleştirel okuryazarlık; yeni medyayı aktif kullanan bireylerin kendilerine
iletilen mesajlardaki içerikleri iyi değerlendirebilme, analiz edebilme ve tekrarda
içerik oluşturup iletebilme becerilerini kapsamaktadır. Günümüzde bireyler
internet aracılığı ile yoğun bir bilgi karmaşasına isteyerek ya da istemeyerek maruz
kalmaktadır. Bireylerin sahip olacakları internet eleştirel okuryazarlık becerileri
onları maruz kalacakları olumsuz içeriklerden koruyacaktır. Bu araştırmanın temel
amacı, Meslek Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinde internet için eleştirel okuryazarlık
düzeylerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu
2018-2019 eğitim- öğretim yılında Gaziantep Üniversitesi Teknik Bilimler Meslek
Yüksekokulu Bilgisayar Programcılığında eğitim gören 37 erkek, 77 kız toplam
114 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri Dal ve Aktay (2015) tarafından
geliştirilen “İnternet İçin Eleştirel Okuryazarlık Ölçeği” kullanılarak yüz yüze
anket yöntemiyle yapılmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizleri SPSS 22.0 programı
kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Sayısal değişkenlerin normallik dağılımlarına bakmak
için Shapirowilk testi uygulanmış ve normal dağılım elde edilmiştir. Veri setinde
parametrik testler kullanılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı istatistiklerin çözümlenmesinde
de frekans, yüzde, aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, minimum ve maksimum
değerler ayrıca grup ortalamalarının farklılıkları için bağımsız örneklem t testi ve
One-way ANOVA testinden ve anlamlı sonuçlarda gruplar arası farklılıklara Tukey
HSD çoklu karşılaştırma testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerinin
cinsiyet, yaş, interneti kullanma sürelerine göre internet için eleştirel okuryazarlık
alt boyutları puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır.
Otomobil Markalarının Çevre Dostu Paylaşımları: Küresel ve Yerel Sosyal Medya Karşılaştırması
Authors: KAYA Feyyaz , UĞURHAN Yusuf Zafer Can
Published: July 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, küresel otomobil markalarının küresel olarak ve münferit ülke
temelinde çevre dostu ürün ve hizmetlerine yönelik sürdürdükleri iletişim çabalarını
karşılaştırılmalı olarak değerlendirmektir. Araştırma kapsamında değerlendirmeye
alınan sekiz küresel otomobil markasının küresel ve yerel resmi Twitter hesaplarında
çevre dostu ürün ve hizmetlerine ilişkin paylaşımlarını nasıl yaptıklarına dair bir içerik
analizi yapılmıştır. Bu sekiz otomobil markasının çevre dostu ürün, ilgili özel gün, hafta
ve etkinlikler ile ilgili Twitter’da yaptığı paylaşımlar da ele alınmıştır. Böylece küresel
otomobil markalarının küresel resmi hesaplarında ve Türkiye hesaplarında, sosyal medya
iletişimlerinin benzerlik ve farklılıkları ile bu durumun nedenleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Veriler, markaların bir yıl boyunca küresel ve yerel Twitter hesaplarında yaptıkları çevresel
sürdürülebilirlik paylaşımlarının analiz edilmesiyle toplanmıştır. Otomobil markalarının
resmi Twitter hesaplarındaki 880 çevre dostu paylaşım incelendiğinde, markaların küresel
hesaplarında daha fazla paylaşım yaptıkları görülmüştür. Bu fark, markaların hem çevre
dostu ürün ve hizmetleri hem de çevre ile ilgili etkinlik, özel gün ve hafta paylaşımlarında
görülmektedir. Otomobil markaları sadece kendi ürün ve hizmetleri ile ilgili çevre dostu
paylaşımlar yapmamakta aynı zamanda farkındalık yaratacak kâr amacı gütmeyen çevre
dostu paylaşımlar da yapmaktadır. Çevre dostu paylaşımların medya türüne bakıldığında
hem küresel hem de Türkiye resmi Twitter hesaplarının çoğunlukla fotoğraf veya gif tercih
ettiği görülmektedir. Bunun yanında otomobil markalarının, çevre dostu etkinliklerin
çoğunda ürün veya hizmet tanıtımı amacında oldukları görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak,
tüketicinin otomobil markaları ile bağ kurması ve markaya bağlılık hissetmesi için çevre
dostu ve sürdürülebilir uygulamaların paylaşılması gerekmektedir.
Muhafazakâr Tutumların Reklamlara Yönelik Tutumlar Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: UÇAR Fatma
Published: July 2019

Türkiye’de 1980’li yıllardan itibaren neo-liberal ekonomi politikalarının kabul
edilmesi ile tüketim toplumuna dönüşme süreci başlamış; 2000’li yıllardan sonra
ise muhafazakarlık kapitalist sisteme iyice adapte olmuştur. Günümüz Türkiye’sinde
sıklıkla tartışılan bir kavram haline gelen muhafazakarlık konusunda ise iki ana
yaklaşım vardır. Bunlardan ilki muhafazakarlığı siyasi bir ideoloji olarak görürken
diğeri onu kişisel bir eğilim, bir tutum olarak ele almaktadır. Diğer tüm tutumlar
gibi muhafazakâr tutumlar da bireyin davranışlarını yönlendiren unsurlardan
biridir. 80’li yıllardan bu yana Türkiye’nin yaşamakta olduğu değişim ve dönüşüm
süreci göz önünde bulundurulduğunda tüketim toplumunun ayrılmaz bir parçası
olan reklamlar ile bireylerin sahip olduğu muhafazakâr tutumlar arasında nasıl
bir ilişki olduğu sorusu bu araştırmanın ana çıkış noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu
bağlamda, bu araştırma kapsamında muhafazakarlık, tutum olarak ele alınmış ve
kişilerin sahip olduğu muhafazakâr tutumların reklama yönelik tutumlar üzerinde
belirleyici olup olmadığı ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 250
kişiye anket uygulanarak muhafazakarlık düzeyi ile reklamlara, reklamcılığa yönelik
genel tutumlar ve maruz kalınan belirli bir reklama yönelik tutumlar arasındaki
ilişki incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları muhafazakarlık düzeyi arttıkça reklama ve
reklamcılığa yönelik tutumların olumlu yönde değiştiğini ortaya koymuştur. Maruz
kalınan belirli bir reklam (Ford Kamyon 8 Mart Dünya Kadınlar Günü reklamı) özelinde
ise ilgili reklama yönelik tutum ve muhafazakarlık ilişkisinde cinsiyet değişkeninin
belirleyici olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Muhafazakarlık düzeyi arttıkça reklama ve
reklamcılığa yönelik genel tutumların olumlu yönde değişmesi ise muhafazakarlığın
kapitalist sisteme uyumunun bir yansıması olarak anlamlandırılmıştır.
Türk İmgesinin Öteki Olarak İnşası: Broken Hill Saldırısı Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: KAVOĞLU Samet
Published: July 2019

Ötekinin inşası sürecinde medya etkisine odaklanan bu çalışmada, I.Dünya
Savaşı’nda Osmanlı İmparatorluğuyla, bir başka ifadeyle Türklerle savaşan ANZAC
güçleri içerisinde yer alan Avustralyalılar mercek altına alınmıştır. Zorunlu
askerliğin olmadığı ülkede Avustralya vatandaşlarını savaşa sevk eden faktörler
arasında yer alan bir vaka örnek olay olarak seçilmiş ve ilgili vakanın dönem
medyasında haber oluş biçimi incelenmiştir. Konuya dair en yüksek sayıda içerik
üreten dönem gazetelerinin örneklem olarak seçildiği çalışma kapsamında haberler
içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Ülkenin Yeni Güney Galler bölgesindeki küçük
bir madenci kasabasında (Broken Hill), Ortadoğu kökenli iki yerleşimci tarafından
gerçekleştirilen silahlı saldırının, siyasi ve bürokratik aktörler ile onlardan beslenen
Avustralya basını tarafından Türklere mal edildiği gözlenmiştir. Az sayıda gazetede
Avustralya Osmanlı Cemiyeti Başkanı S.J. Attiah’ın eylemin Türklerle alakası
olmadığını açıklayan mektubuna yer verilmekle birlikte haberlerde ağırlıklı olarak
Türkleri ötekileştirici dil kullanıldığı bulgulanmıştır.
Sonuç olarak devlet tarafından “düşman” olarak tanımlanan fakat ilgili dönem
Avustralya halkı tarafından tanınmayan Türklerin ötekileştirilmesine hizmet eden
haber dilinin doğrudan yada dolaylı olarak savaş dönemi propagandasına katkı
sunduğu, ‘ülke içine bile sızan’ düşmana karşı savaşta gönüllü askerliğe teşvik edici
mahiyette olduğu ifade edilebilir.
Dijimodern Çağda Yalnızlaşan Birey Eleştirisi: Lipton Reklam Filmi Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: YAZICI Fikret
Published: July 2019

İnternetin toplum yaşamına girmesiyle beraber hızla değişen ekonomik, kültürel
ve sosyal yaşam beraberinde teknoloji ve dijitalleşme odaklı yeni bir paradigma
oluşturmuştur. Bu bağlamda, cep telefonları, tabletler ve bilgisayarlar başta olmak
üzere birçok elektronik cihaz, sanal tatminler sağlayarak bireylerin yüzyüze iletişim
alışkanlıklarını kökten değiştirmiştir. Sosyal medya ortamlarında sanal cemaatler
üzerinden sosyalleşen bireyler; ev, işyeri ve sosyal yaşam alanlarında izole edilmiş,
duyarsız ve yalnızlaşmıştır. Medya içerikleri bireylerin gündelik yaşam pratiklerini
belirlemede son derece etkili imgeler sunmaktadır. Özellikle reklamların anlatı
dilini daha etkili ve güçlü hale getirmek için görsel/işitsel imgeler yoğun bir
şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Reklam filmleri oluşturdukları görsel/işitsel dil sayesinde
sadece ürünü satmayı amaçlamamaktadır. Aynı zamanda toplum yaşamını
yeniden şekillendiren amaçlı bir ideoloji, kültür ve siyasa da oluşturmaktadır.
Çalışmada, dijimodern çağın yalnızlaştırdığı bireylerin geleneksel değerlere
nasıl yabancılaştığı “Konuşalım Artık” temalı Lipton reklam film üzerinden
incelenmiştir. Film, göstergebilimsel analiz yöntemi esas alınarak çözümlenmiştir.
Gösteren–gösterilen ilişkisinin ele alındığı çözümleme sürecinde, içeriklerin
düzanlam/yananlam düzleminde oluşturduğu anlamsal yapı açıklanmaya
çalışılmıştır. Bireyin yalnızlaşmasında teknoloji ve dijitalleşme etkisi araştırılmıştır.
"WHITE ELEPHANT" IN UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS: RECREATIONAL AND TOURIST POTENTIAL
Authors: Smyrnov Igor , Rikichynska Anastasia
Published: July 2019

Aim: To uncover the recreational and tourist potential of a unique building on the Mount Pip Ivan Chernogirsky in the Carpathian Mountains, a high-altitude astronomical and meteorological observatory, which is now being restored by the joint Ukrainian-Polish efforts, after 80 years of decline.

Methodology: research of archival sources on the history of the construction, functioning, decay and restoration of the unique high-altitude observatory in the Carpathians in the modern conditions, which is now the largest object of Ukrainian-Polish cooperation in the humanitarian sphere.

Results: Characteristics of the current state and the possibilities of using the unique high-altitude observatory "White Elephant" in the Carpathians as a factor of the tourism development in the region.

Scientific novelty: For the first time a comprehensive study of the past, present and future of the former Polish astronomy and meteorological observatory "White Elephant" has been carried out for the first time in the Chernogora massif of the Ukrainian Carpathians, taking into account the celebrations devoted to the 80th anniversary of its construction, with the participation of the Polish Minister of Investment and Development, the rectors of Warsaw and Precarpathian Universities.

Practical significance: the article reveals the peculiarities of the restoration of the White Elephant High-Altitude Observatory in the Carpathian Mountains by joint Ukrainian-Polish efforts and encourages potential investors in this project, including Ukrainian, Polish and European higher educational establishments, for which the observatory can be the base for student practices in geography, meteorology, astronomy, geology, biology, ornithology, etc.
ANALYSIS OF BASIC APPROACHES TO CLASSIFICATION OF RECREATIONAL RESOURCES AS THE BASIS OF FORMING A REGIONAL RECREATIONAL COMPLEX
Authors: Sokolovskyi Viktor
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the study lies in the identification of the main approaches to the definition of the concept of recreational resources and their classification in order to identify the resource basis of forming a regional recreational complex.

Methodology. Analytical, comparative, historical and literary research methods have been used to fulfill the main tasks of the research.

Results. The existing approaches to the definition of the essence of recreational resources have been analyzed. The basic criteria of classification of recreational resources have been determined. The basic characteristics and properties of recreational resources as well as the areas of their use for the organization of recreational activity have been considered.

Scientific novelty. The definition of the concept of recreational resources has been further developed, and the most important approaches to the classification of recreational resources have been specified.

Practical significance. This research serves as the basis for the study of recreational potential as well as for further substantiation of the creation of a regional recreational complex. In addition, the results of the study can be used in the educational process while training specialists in recreation and tourism.
FORMING THE THEZAURUS OF SPORTS TOURISM GEOGRAPHY
Authors: Kolotukha Oleksandr
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the study is to analyze the process of forming the thesaurus of sports tourism geography as a set of scientific terms, categories, concepts about spatial aspects of sports tourism, which represent its theoretical (conceptual) design.

Methodology. A multilateral, simultaneous analysis of the research object which takes into account the geosystem, cluster and geospatial paradigms, and a number of propositions of modern theoretical and methodological interdisciplinary models of tourism research has been put into practice to study sports tourism. Apart from this, it has been taken into consideration that a powerful resource paradigm has been formed in tourism geography. As a result, the author has put forward a space-resource approach as the main methodological approach to the study of the geospatial organization of sport tourism.

Results. Forming the thesaurus of sports tourism geography is a certain result of the socio-geographical study of the geospatial organization of this phenomenon of modern times. The contents of the thesaurus of sports tourism geography has been determined by the following key concepts: defining the notions of "tourism", "sports tourism", "sports tourism geography" → methodology → paradigms → conceptual and terminological frameworks → reference dictionary. The result of the formation of the thesaurus of sports tourism geography was the creation of an explanatory reference dictionary that contains almost 1,900 terms, 1,600 articles on sports tourism geography, tourismology, systematization of sports tourism, active recreation, and tourism-sports practice.

Scientific novelty. Improvement of the theoretical and methodological frameworks of tourism geography in general and of its component - sports tourism geography, in particular, the enhancement of their subject-object sphere and the pursuance of the applied research on an updated basis.

Practical significance. Theoretical and practical developments in the system of sports tourism can be useful in those types of tourism that have been singled out lately and have similar goals, the nature of activity, etc.
Kisspeptin: new biomarker of pregnancy
Authors: Meena Priyanka , Mathur Rati , Meena Mohan L.
Published: July 2019

Background: The recently identified hormone kisspeptin has been suggested to play an important regulatory role in placentation. The aim and objective of the study is the measurement of serum kisspeptin level in asymptomatic pregnant women and to find out the association of serum kisspeptin with gestational age in women with early pregnancy.Methods: This was a longitudinal study to the evaluation of 178 asymptomatic pregnant women with a gestation of 6 to 16 weeks attending routine antenatal booking visit recruited as study participants from the Antenatal Clinical of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, S.M.S. Medical College and Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.Results: After initial clinical examination of every participant, a single blood sample was taken for the measurement of serum kisspeptin. Serum kisspeptin measurement test was performed by ELISA method and results were expressed as ng/ml. Pregnancy outcome was recorded prospectively. Mean serum kisspeptin level of study participants was 2.80±1.87ng/ml and median were 2.41 (Range 0.244-14.06ng/ml). Our result showed the relationship of serum kisspeptin with gestational age (GA) (p<0.000).Conclusions: serum kisspeptin level increases in pregnancy and showed positive relationship with gestational age significantly (p<0.000).
Study of heart disease in pregnancy and its effect on maternal outcome
Authors: Jain Nitin Kumar , Sultan Shabana
Published: July 2019

Background: Heart diseases in pregnant women and has higher incidence of maternal mortality and morbidity and is regarded as risk factor for unfavourable outcome of pregnancy both for the mother and the foetus. Heart disease in pregnancy was found to be second indirect cause contributing to maternal mortality in India.Methods: This study is a hospital based prospective analytical study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sultania Zanana Hospital, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal over a period of 1 year from 1st March 2017 to 28th February 2018. Patients were evaluated clinically by both obstetrician and cardiologist and followed all through their hospital stay till discharge.Results: Total 51 cases of heart disease were found during the study period. Incidence of heart disease in our study during study period was found 0.25%. Most patients were unbooked 33(64.71%) and maximum number of patients belonged to NYHA functional class II 24 (47.06%), RHD cases were 4 times more common than CHD. 24 (47.06%) patients had undergone surgical intervention for heart disease. Congestive cardiac failure was most common complication seen. Three maternal deaths were seen. All cases belonged to NYHA functional class III. All 3 cases were unbooked presented first time in labor.Conclusions: We found that pregnancy outcome was good in booked cases with regular checkup by obstetrician and cardiologist, surgically corrected cases and those with NYHA functional class I and II. Hence, joint management by obstetrician, cardiologist, and anesthetist is required to ensure better maternal outcome.
Development of the Persian version of high-frequency emphasis quick speech in noise
Authors: Fatahi Jamileh , Amiri Jahromi Maryam , Hajiabolhassan Fahimeh , Jafarpisheh Amirsalar , Rahbar Nariman , Faghihzadeh Elham
Published: July 2019

Background and Aim: The quick speech in noise (Q-SIN) test shows the difficulty of spee­ch perception in noise by specifying signal to noise ratio (SNR) loss. Although the Persian version of Q-SIN has been already constructed, the high-frequency emphasis version of this test is not available. The present study aimed to construct six lists with high-frequency emphasis and implement it.
Methods: We are going to prepare a high-frequ­ency emphasis version of Q-SIN and then test it on a small sample. First, researchers designed the relevant sentences; then experts examined their content and face validity. According to the criteria for developing the Q-SIN test, six lists with high-frequency emphasis were prepared. The test was examined on 26 (13 male and 13 female), 18−35 years old individuals with nor­mal hearing. To determine the test reliability, it was re-administered three weeks later with the same conditions.
Results: Of 76 sentences prepared, 36 sentences received enough credit after determination of their content and face validity. These 36 senten­ces were used to make 6 lists. The mean value of SNR50 in the Persian language was obtained -4 dB. The mean values of SNR loss in 6 lists were -1.65, -1.8, -2.23, -1.61, -2.38 and -2.07. The results showed equivalency of lists 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. Examination of test-retest reliability indicated that all lists except the list 2were reliable.
Conclusion: The lists of 1, 3, 4, and 6 are reli­able and equivalent and can be used in clinical application.
Intussusception in the Neonate: A Case Study
Authors: Mullis Samantha , Keesee Ashlie Brown , Newberry Desi
Published: July 2019

Intussusception is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in infants and toddlers; however, it is a rare entity in neonates. During intussusception, a proximal portion of the bowel pushes inside the adjacent, distal segment of the bowel in a telescoping fashion leading to obstruction, strangulation of the mesentery, ischemia, and necrosis. The etiology of intussusception is often unknown and there are currently no preventive techniques. Intussusception often mimics other common disease processes affecting neonates; this can result in detrimental delays in diagnosis and treatment. Intussusception is considered a surgical emergency and a delay in treatment results in significant morbidity and mortality. With proper education on this rare complication, neonatal nurses play a vital role in early diagnosis. To improve the care of neonates affected, it is imperative that intussusception remain a differential diagnosis for clinicians.
After the Loss of an Infant: Suppression of Breast Milk Supply
Authors: Warr Donna L.
Published: July 2019

Following an infant death, if breast milk production is not weaned, this could lead to issues for the mother. Lactation suppression can be done safely with proper education and support. Caregivers should be educated on how to provide support to the lactating woman during this difficult situation. An abrupt wean can lead to engorgement and milk trapping. This can be uncomfortable and possibly lead to mastitis with infection. The mother who has been providing breast milk needs special attention. Providing her with the knowledge of what to expect and the use of comfort measures will make the discontinuation of her milk production a smoother and more comfortable process.

The emotional support of the grieving process begins in the NICU. Encourage follow-up for the bereaved family by offering them resources. Give the parents the option to donate breast milk. In some situations, donation promotes healing and closure.
A Case Study of Severe Hypercalcemia Secondary to Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis: A Diagnosis of Exclusion
Authors: Whalen Mary
Published: July 2019

Subcutaneous fat necrosis (SCFN) is a rare complication, usually occurring in otherwise healthy full-term infants who have experienced some level of trauma that causes ischemic injury to adipose tissue. Tissue injury usually occurs in areas of the body that are exposed to excessive pressure as during delivery. Tissue injury has also been described secondary to therapeutic cooling. This case study presents an infant who received whole body cooling for hypoxic ischemic injury and later developed severe hypercalcemia at one month of age without the skin lesions consistent with SCFN. The differential diagnosis for hypercalcemia and how it relates to SCFN is presented, as well as clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis.
Desigualdad y estancamiento por diseño de políticas: el negacionismo predominante y sus peligrosas consecuencias políticas
Authors: Palley Thomas I.
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo sostiene que la corriente predominante en la economía está amenazada por las teorías que atribuyen la crisis financiera y el estancamiento subsecuente a las políticas que la profesión ha justificado y recomendado. Estas teorías amagan la existencia de la perspectiva dominante y, a causa de ello, los economistas del mainstream se resisten férreamente a abrir un diálogo con quienes las formulan, ya que ello implicaría legitimarlas. Esa renuencia ha contribuido a bloquear las políticas requeridas para hacer frente al estancamiento, generando así un vacío político que se ha intentado llenar al activar fuerzas realmente ominosas. Esas dañinas reacciones políticas no obedecen a una intención deliberada; no obstante, se han diseminado y conllevan un peligro de alto calibre: la muerte del pluralismo en economía. La crítica que se hace de los economistas de la corriente predominante no versa sobre los “valores” en los que se sustentan o sobre su falta de voluntad de “cambio”: busca poner en relieve que su práctica académica consiste en suprimir ideas que, desde su punto de vista se ciernen en forma intimidante sobre su existencia.
El pensamiento de la CEPAL y su evolución
Authors: Pinto Aníbal
Published: July 2019

Este trabajo presenta una visión sintética de los principales aspectos del pensamiento de la CEPAL clásica. Emipieza con la crítica de la CEPAL a los patrones decimonónicos de división internacional del trabajo y la tesis sobre el deterioro de los términos de intercambio. Luego, expone la necesidad de la industrialización y el consiguiente desarrollo del mercado interno. En este marco examina el proceso de sustitución de importaciones, sus debilidades y la necesidad de impulsar las exportaciones industriales. Asimismo, argumenta sobre la necesidad de programar el desarrollo económico y de abordar el proceso con un enfoque global que integre las dimensiones sociales del proceso.
El debate global sobre la Crítica de la economía política en el siglo XXI
Authors: Arizmendi Luis
Published: July 2019

El capitalismo del siglo XXI atraviesa por la peor crisis de su historia. El debate internacional de ciencias económicas se mide por su toma de posición para el análisis de fondo de los fundamentos y la tendencia histórica de esta crisis global. El principio de la economía neoclásica laissez faire, laissez passer es, sin duda, incapaz de explicarla y diseñar alternativas ante ella. La crisis del capitalismo del siglo XXI ha detonado una crisis radical de la economía neoclásica. En contraste, la Crítica de la economía política está de regreso en el debate mundial de frontera en ciencias económicas y sociales. Desarrollos muy importantes de ésta se están produciendo en Europa, Norteamérica, América Latina y hasta en varios países de Asia y África. No es casual que el liberalismo del nuevo siglo esté realizando no sólo análisis comparativos de la crisis global contemporánea con la Larga Depresión del siglo XIX y la Gran Depresión del siglo XX, sino que presente iniciativas para discutir la tendencia descendente de la tasa de ganancia y hasta la tendencia al derrumbe. El capital de Karl Marx está de regreso en el debate económico mundial del siglo XXI de manera prometedora.
Seasonal Abundance of Psyllid Species Associated with Carrots and Potato Fields in Spain
Authors: Antolinez Carlos Andres , Moreno Aranzazu , Ontiveros Irene , Pla Sandra , Plaza Maria , Sanjuan Susana , Palomo Jose L , Sjölund Jennifer , Sumner-Kalkun Jason , Arnsdorf Yvonne , Jeffries Colin , Ouvrard David , Fereres Alberto
Published: July 2019

Psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) can transmit the phloem restricted bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso). In Europe, Lso causes severe losses to carrot and represents a threat to the potato industry. A rising concern of Lso transmission from carrot to potato and within potato has driven the need for monitoring populations of psyllid species that could serve as vectors on both crops, which would provide a fundamental understanding of the epidemiology of this pathogen. Different sampling methods were used to survey populations of psyllid species in commercial carrot and potato fields in Central and Eastern mainland Spain from 2015 to 2017. Two psyllid species, Bactericera trigonica and Bactericera nigricornis were found to be mainly associated with carrot and potato crops. In carrot fields the most abundant species was B. trigonica occurring from crop emergence to harvest, whereas in potato crops the most abundant psyllid species was B. nigricornis. The maximum psyllid population occurred between June and October its timing depending on the field location. Since B. nigricornis was found on both carrot and potato and is the only psyllid species able to feed and breed on both these crops in Europe, there is the potential risk of Lso transmission from carrot to potato
The Brain Origin of Neonatal Microglia Determines the Content of Exosomes and Biological Function
Authors: Murgoci Adriana-Natalia , Mallah Khalil , Aboulouard Soulaimane , Lefebvre Christophe , Cizek Milan , Fournier Isabelle , Cizkova Dasa , Salzet Michel
Published: July 2019

Using a combination of pan proteomic platform associated with systemic biology analyses, we demonstrate that neonatal microglial cells derived from cortex and spinal cord expressed different phenotypes upon the physiological or pathological conditions. They also highlight great variability in protein production on both cellular and exosome levels. Bioinformatics data indicate for the cortical microglia anti-inflammatory and neurogenesis/tumorigenesis characteristics, while for the spinal cord microglia involvement in the inflammatory response. We confirmed these results by performing functional testing including neurite outgrowth assays in DRGs cell line, and glioma proliferation analysis in 3D spheroid cultures. Results from these in vitro assays indicate that the microglia located at different CNS areas reveal differential biological functions. While both microglia sources enhanced growth of DRGs axons, only the spinal microglia significantly attenuated glioma proliferation. Overall these findings are pointing to the fact that the origin of neonatal microglia affects the physio-pathological function, which may address the prevalence of the glioma in the brain in comparison with the spinal cord in adult.
Soil Carbon Transitions Supporting Climate Change Mitigation
Authors: Hairiah Kurniatun
Published: July 2019

Maintaining and where feasible restoring soil carbon stocks is part of all sustainable development strategies that have a chance of meeting the global commitment of the Paris Agreement to contain global warming within a 1.5oC limit. Active policies to incentivize increased soil carbon storage require under­standing of the drivers of soil carbon decline, as well as the conditions under which soil management leads to an increase. Soil carbon transitions -- shifts from decline to increase of soil carbon stocks -- have been recorded as part of agricultural intensification. Organic inputs supporting soil carbon may primarily depend on roots, rather than aboveground inputs, and thus on the choice of crops, trees, and grasses that make up an agricultural land use system.
Genetic Markers of the Cattle Foot and Mouth Disease Virus: Genomic Analysis
Authors: Khammadov N. I.
Published: July 2019

Objective of this work was to search for genome loci of various types of foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus, characterized by the lowest variability, to be used as genetic markers in the PCR-indication of the virus.

Materials and methods. The resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and BLAST and Vector NTI 9.1.0 software utilities were employed in the research. Plasmid DNA with marker insertion was utilized for PCR amplification.

Results and discussion. The nucleotide sequences of FMD virus genomes, the types A, Asia-1, C, O and SAT (1, 2 and 3), were analyzed. In the process of aligning of isolate genomes of each type, potentially conservative sites were identified. The comparison between these loci has revealed one most conserved locus, and the subsequent BLAST analysis has established its high specificity to FMD virus genome. Primers and a probe were selected for this locus. In addition, the oligonucleotide primers were selected for the three genes included in the cattle genome that are least homologous to the specific oligonucleotides. The primers/probe were used as internal control of amplification. To control the progress of amplification, a positive control has been developed that has a nucleotide sequence of the marker region of FMD virus genome. It was found out that genomes of certain virus isolates show high level of polymorphism in relation to PCR-probe (12 isolates by A, Asia-1, SAT1, and SAT2 serotypes). However, modifications of the PCR-probe (Pas FMDV and Psat FMDV) allow for elimination of the effect of such variability on the number of virus isolates identification. Nucleotide sequences of the primers, probes and positive controls are presented in the tables.
Identification of the Mechanisms of Acetoin Production Change in Genetically Altered Vibrio cholerae Strains O1 Biovar El Tor
Authors: Zadnova S. P. , Kritsky A. A. , Plekhanov N. A. , Guseva N. P. , Lozovsky Yu. V. , Smirnova N. I.
Published: July 2019

Objective of the study was to determine the mechanisms of acetoin biosynthesis change in genetically altered El Tor V. cholerae strains in Voges-Proskauer test.

Materials and methods. We used nine genetically altered V. cholerae O1 strains, biovar El Tor, imported in the territory of the Russian Federation and Ukraine between 1993–2011, and four typical strains isolated in 1970–1972. When assessing acetoin production in V. cholerae strains in Voges-Proskauer test, the strain V. cholerae 569B O1 serogroup, classical biovar served as negative control of the assay. Relative gene expression was studied using real-time RT-PCR. Protein model construction was performed by means of automated server SWISS – MODEL.

Results and discussion. It has been demonstrated that diagnostically significant feature – VogesProskauer reaction, utilized for V. cholerae O1 biovar differentiation, is changed in all investigated genetically altered strains of cholera agent, isolated in different periods of the current seventh pandemic (66.7 % of the strains show weakly positive reaction, 33.3 % – negative one). The data obtained testify to the reduction or absence of acetoin production in the investigated strains. Analysis of four structural genes of als operon, as well as expression of regulatory genes alsR and аphA, responsible for acetoin biosynthesis, has revealed that changes in acetoin production in the genovariants stem from the deletion of a single nucleotide (T in the position 315) in the structural gene alsD, encoding acetolaktat decarboxylase, and also from high levels of negative acetoin biosynthesis regulator expression – аphA gene. Modeling of the spatial (3-D) structure of AlsD protein in the genovariant M1293 and the reference-strain N16961 has shown that AlsD protein of the genovariant is, indeed, considerably reduced. However, spontaneous decarboxylation is possible in the absence of acetolaktat decarboxylase, which phenotypically manifests itself in borderline positive Voges-Proskauer test.
Team Approach: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Management of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Jayakumar Prakash , Moore Meredith Licata Grogan , Bozic Kevin J.
Published: July 2019

» Osteoarthritis of the hip and knee is common and contributes substantially to the global burden of disability, comorbid disease, and health-care expenditure.

» Osteoarthritis is traditionally managed with nonoperative and operative interventions that demonstrate substantial variations in costs, utilization, and access to care. The provision of these treatments by a range of health-care professionals lends itself to a coordinated, multidisciplinary team approach.

» This review characterizes a team approach in the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis from a systems perspective, describes an integrated care delivery model targeting lower-extremity joint pain, and illustrates this model’s functionality with the case of a 69-year-old overweight man with severe bilateral knee osteoarthritis and depression.

» A comprehensive team approach involves multiple disciplines that are fully accountable and responsive to the needs, preferences, and values of patients over the full episode of care.

» Future studies should assess, for individuals with osteoarthritis of the hip and knee, the impact of different team approaches and models of care on health outcomes, health-care spending, and utilization.
Patient characteristics in three different working models of home based physiotherapy: a longitudinal observational study in primary health care in Norway
Authors: Meisingset Ingebrigt , Bjerke Joakim , Taraldsen Kristin , Gunnes Mari , Sand Sylvi , Hansen Anne-Elisabeth , Myhre Gard , Evensen Kari Anne Indredavik
Published: July 2019

Background:
Home based physiotherapy is offered by Primary Care Physiotherapy Services to adults and older patients in Norway, however there is limited knowledge regarding the patient characteristics and outcome. The aim of this study was to describe the variation in demographics, clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients receiving three different working models of home based physiotherapy, and whether outcomes were related to goal attainment.
Methods:
Patients referred to home based physiotherapy in a municipality in Norway were invited to participate in this observational study. The respective physiotherapy service is organized in three working models according to the patients’ function, degree of independence, and the individual need for home based physiotherapy; early intervention, reablement or regular physiotherapy. Patients’ demographics, clinical characteristics, physical function (Patient-specific functional scale, PSFS), physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery, SPPB), health-related quality of life (EQ-5D), and goal attainment were registered at baseline and follow-up (maximum six months after baseline). We used logistic regression to analyse whether changes in PSFS, SPPB, and EQ-5D were associated with goal attainment.
Results:
In total, 689 and 402 patients completed baseline and follow-up assessments, respectively. At baseline, patients receiving early intervention had better SPPB and EQ-5D scores than patients receiving reablement and regular physiotherapy. The two latter groups had similar SPPB scores, but the regular physiotherapy group had poorer EQ-5D scores than the reablement group. At follow-up, all patient groups had improved PSFS scores, and patients receiving reablement and regular physiotherapy also showed improved SPPB and EQ-5D scores. Among the 375 patients with goal attainment assessed at follow-up, 165 (44%) achieved the treatment goal. Goal attainment was associated with improved PSFS and EQ-5D scores.
Conclusions:
This study describes a broad spectrum of patient characteristics receiving different working models of home based physiotherapy in primary health care in Norway. The early intervention group is a new target group for prevention of functional decline in older adults, contributing with new knowledge to decision makers in primary health care.
Educational Programs Development, Using Intervention Mapping Protocol and Kern Model in Primary Health Care Setting to Prevent Elders Abuse: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study.
Authors: Oveisi Sonia , Olfati Forozan , Jahed Shima
Published: July 2019

Background: Several studies have focused on to find out the factors that may improve psychological, physical well-being, and quality of life among elders and prevent their abuse.
Objectives: We investigated the impact of developing educational programs, using Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol and Kern Model in Primary Health Care Setting to prevent elder abuse.
Methods: The integrated educational package was provided using both the IM protocol and Kern Model. The family members of the eighty elderly women were trained once a week for 4 sessions. The self-administrated Elder Abuse Questionnaire (EAQ) was completed before and after intervention by elderly women. The linear mixed model was used for the comparison of elder abuse frequency in two groups of control and trail.
Results: The data of this study indicated that our intervention resulted in reduction in frequency of psychological and financial abuse (F=127.12, p<0.005; and F= 16.53, p<0.07 respectively) and neglect (F=95.4; p<0.005). None of the elders reported any physical abuse.
Conclusion: This study showed that, the developed integrated educational package improves elder abuse and specifically it is tailored to the education of family members of the elderly women
Identification of the High Frequency of Triploid Potato Resulting from Tetraploid × Diploid Crosses
Authors: Graebner Ryan C. , Chen Hsuan , Contreras Ryan N. , Haynes Kathleen G. , Sathuvalli Vidyasagar
Published: July 2019

Conventional wisdom regarding potato breeding indicates that a strong triploid block prevents the development of viable triploid seeds from crosses between tetraploid and diploid clones. However, in a recent set of crosses between elite tetraploid potatoes and an improved diploid hybrid population derived from group Stenotomum and group Phureja, 61.5% of the resulting clones were found to be triploid. If clones derived from one diploid parent suspected of producing a high frequency of unreduced gametes were excluded, then the frequency of triploid clones increased to 74.4%. Tubers of these triploids are generally intermediates of the two parental groups. Our findings indicate the possibility of using triploid potatoes in potato variety development programs and in genetic and genomic studies.
Exogenous Plant Growth Regulators Show Promise for Management of Alternate Bearing in Pecan
Authors: Thompson Marisa Y. , Randall Jennifer , Heerema Richard J. , VanLeeuwen Dawn
Published: July 2019

Successful commercial pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] production relies on mitigation of alternate bearing, which is a function of pistillate flower production. Mechanisms of floral initiation in pecan are not well understood. Our objective was to assess the impact of select plant growth regulators (PGRs) on return bloom for commercial application in pecan trees grown in the Southwestern United States. A 2-year study evaluated effects of ethephon, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and gibberellin GA3 (GA3) on subsequent season return bloom in fruiting and nonfruiting pecan shoots. Cultivars used were mature Western and immature Western and Pawnee. Effects of PGRs on return bloom of nonfruiting shoots were different from fruiting shoots. As compared with untreated control, a GA3 treatment on fruiting shoots of mature ‘Western’ trees increased the number of flowers per new shoot by 125%. For nonfruiting shoots on the mature ‘Western’ trees, the number of flowers per new shoot decreased significantly by all PGR treatments and as much as 93% for AVG. In previously nonfruiting shoots on the immature ‘Western’ trees, a GA3 treatment reduced the number of flowers per new shoot in the next season by 88.2%. Results from immature ‘Pawnee’ shoots did not show statistically significant differences. The effects of these PGRs on subsequent season flowering in pecan are complex. This study suggests that PGRs can be used to increase or decrease cropload through effects on return bloom and therefore have potential uses for mitigating alternate bearing.
Cytogenetics, Ploidy, and Genome Sizes of Camellia and Related Genera
Authors: Hembree William G. , Ranney Thomas G. , Jackson Brian E. , Weathington Mark
Published: July 2019

Camellia L., the most speciose member of the diverse tea family Theaceae, has a long and complex horticultural history. Extensive cultivation and hybridization have produced thousands of varieties of Camellia, including commercially important crops such as cultivated tea, oilseed, and iconic flowering shrubs. Cytogenetics of Camellia and related genera is complicated; chromosome number and ploidy can vary widely between species, and interspecific and interploid hybridization occurs. However, specific information regarding cytogenetics of many species, cultivars, and modern hybrids is lacking. The objectives of this study were to compile a consolidated literature review of the cytogenetics of Camellia and related genera and to determine chromosome numbers, ploidy, and genome sizes of specific accessions of selected species, cultivars, and interspecific and interploid hybrids. A review of the existing literature regarding Theaceae cytogenetics is presented as a consolidated reference comprising 362 taxa. Genome sizes were determined with flow cytometry using propidium iodide as a fluorochrome and Pisum sativum ‘Ctirad' and Magnolia virginiana ‘Jim Wilson’ as internal standards. Chromosome numbers of selected taxa were determined using traditional cytology and were used to calibrate genome sizes with ploidy level. Our results confirmed a base chromosome number of x = 15 for Theeae including Camellia, x = 17 for Stewartiae, and x = 18 for Gordoniae. Surveyed camellias ranged from 2n = 2x = 30 to 2n = 8x = 120, including diploids, triploids, tetraploids, pentaploids, hexaploids, and octoploids. Previously uncharacterized taxa such as Camellia azalea, C. amplexicaulis, C. chrysanthoides, C. cordifolia, C. cucphuongensis, C. flava, C. nanyongensis, and C. trichoclada were found to be diploid. Ploidy was also newly determined for Schima argentea, S. khasiana, S. remotiserrata, and S. sinensis (all diploids). Both diploid and triploid Stewartia ovata were found, and a ploidy series was discovered for Polyspora that ranged from diploid to octoploid. Ploidy determinations were used to confirm or challenge the validity of putative interploid hybrids. Monoploid genome sizes varied among subfamily and genera, with 1Cx values ranging from 0.80 pg for Franklinia to a mean of 3.13 pg for Camellia, demonstrating differential rates of genome expansion independent of ploidy. Within Camellia, monoploid genome sizes varied among subgenera, sections, and some species (range, 2.70–3.55 pg). This study provides a consolidated and expanded knowledgebase of ploidy, genome sizes, hybridity, and reproductive pathways for specific accessions of Camellia and related genera that will enhance opportunities and strategies for future breeding and improvement within Theaceae.