bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Common and uncommon chest computed tomography findings at hospital admission with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Gupta Rohit , Kumaran Maruti , Rali Parth
Published: September 2020

COVID-19 pneumonia is a serious health issue in the current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. PCR testing is limited due to a number of factors and imaging has role in decision-making for many of these patients. We present computed tomography chest images of patients hospitalized with suspicion of COVID-19 pneumonia and point out the common and uncommon features on imaging to assist management of these patients.
О средней сложности булевых функций с биномиальным распределением на области определения
Authors: Chashkin Aleksandr Viktorovich
Published: September 2020

При заданном на $n$-мерном булевом кубе биномиальном распределении вероятностей рассматривается сложность реализации булевых функций неветвящимися программами с условной остановкой. При $n\to\infty$ установлен порядок величины средней сложности почти всех $n$-местных булевых функций.
Осреднение пластин Кирхгофа с осциллирующими кромками и точечными опорами
Authors: Nazarov Sergei Aleksandrovich
Published: September 2020

Изучена деформация длинной (узкой после масштабирования) пластины Кирхгофа с периодической (быстроосциллирующей) границей. Выводится предельная система двух обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений четвертого и второго порядков, описывающих в главном прогиб и закручивание двумерной пластины. Кроме того, рассматриваются точечные опоры (условия Соболева), конфигурация которых существенно влияет на результат осреднения бигармонического уравнения - уменьшает размеры предельной системы дифференциальных уравнений или вообще устраняет ее. Исследовано явление пограничного слоя около торцов пластины для разных способов крепления, а также для углового сочленения двух длинных пластин, в том числе и посредством точечных скрепов (условия сопряжения Соболева). Обсуждаются полные асимптотические ряды для решений статических задач и спектральные задачи о колебаниях пластины.
Библиография: 42 наименования.
Об ортогональных проекциях пространств Небелинга
Authors: Ageev Sergei Mikhailovich
Published: September 2020

Пусть $0\le k<\infty$. Доказано, что существует такое плотное открытое подмножество пространства Грассмана $\operatorname{Gr}(2k+1,m)$, что ортогональная проекция стандартного пространства Небелинга $N^m_k$, лежащего в $\mathbb R^m$ для достаточно большого $m$, на $(2k+1)$-мерную плоскость из этого подмножества является $k$-мягкой и имеет сильное $k$-универсальное свойство относительно польских пространств. Каждая такая ортогональная проекция является естественным аналогом стандартного пространства Небелинга для категории отображений.
Библиография: 38 наименований.
Геометрия банаховых пределов и их приложения
Authors: Semenov Evgenii Mikhailovich , Sukochev Fedor Anatol'evich , Usachev Aleksandr Sergeevich
Published: September 2020

Банахов предел - это положительный инвариантный относительно сдвига функционал на $\ell_\infty$, являющийся продолжением функционала
$$
(x_1, x_2, …) \mapsto \lim_{n\to\infty} x_n
$$
с множества сходящихся последовательностей на $\ell_\infty$. История банаховых пределов началась с классических работ С. Банаха и С. Мазура. Множество банаховых пределов обладает интересными и полезными в приложениях свойствами. В настоящем обзоре дано описание современного состояния теории банаховых пределов и тех разделов анализа, где банаховы пределы нашли свое применение.
Аппроксимативные свойства множеств и непрерывные выборки
Authors: Tsar'kov Igor' Germanovich
Published: September 2020

Изучаются множества с непрерывной выборкой из множества наилучших и почти наилучших приближений. Установлено обобщение теоремы Майкла о непрерывной селекции для случая метрической проекции на множества с полунепрерывной снизу метрической проекцией в конечномерных пространствах. В этом случае не налагаются априорные условия на значения этой метрической проекции. В конечномерных полиэдральных пространствах рассматриваются свойства метрической проекции, определяющие их солнечность. С опорой на известные результаты для солнц $V$ доказывается существование непрерывных выборок из оператора почти чебышeвских (относительно $V$) центров и точек для некоторых классических пространств.
Библиография: 30 названий.
Матричная иерархия Кадомцева-Петвиашвили и спиновое обобщение тригонометрической иерархии Калоджеро-Мозера
Authors: Prokofev Vadim Vyacheslavovich , Zabrodin Anton Vladimirovich
Published: September 2020

Рассматриваются решения матричной иерархии Кадомцева-Петвиашвили (КП), которые являются тригонометрическими функциями первого иерархического времени $t_1=x$, и устанавливается соответствие со спиновым обобщением тригонометрической системы Калоджеро-Мозера на уровне иерархий. Именно, показано, что эволюция полюсов $x_i$ и матричных вычетов $a_i^\alpha b_i^\beta $ в полюсах решений по $k$-му иерархическому времени матричной иерархии КП дается гамильтоновым потоком, гамильтониан которого есть линейная комбинация первых $k$ высших гамильтонианов спиновой тригонометрической системы Калоджеро-Мозера с координатами $x_i$ и спиновыми степенями свободы $a_i^\alpha $, $b_i^\beta $. С помощью рассмотрения эволюции полюсов в соответствии с матричной иерархией КП с дискретным временем вводится также интегрируемая версия спиновой тригонометрической системы Калоджеро-Мозера в дискретном времени.
Конформные полностью симметричные фермионные поля произвольного спина
Authors: Metsaev Ruslan Romanovich
Published: September 2020

Исследованы конформные полностью симметричные фермионные поля произвольного спина, распространяющиеся в плоском пространстве четной размерности $d\ge 4$. Для таких полей развита метрическая формулировка первого порядка по производным, основанная на использовании кинетического оператора Фанга-Фронсдала. Найдены калибровочно инвариантный лагранжиан и соответствующие калибровочные преобразования. Калибровочные симметрии лагранжиана реализованы с помощью вспомогательных полей и полей Штюкельберга. Получена реализация симметрий конформной алгебры на пространстве калибровочных фермионных полей. Также изучены степени свободы конформных фермионных полей на массовой поверхности.
Симплектические структуры на пространствах Тейхмюллера $\mathfrak T_{g,s,n}$ и кластерные алгебры
Authors: Chekhov Leonid Olegovich
Published: September 2020

Дается обзор описания с помощью ленточных графов римановых поверхностей $\Sigma _{g,s,n}$ и соответствующих пространств Тейхмюллера $\mathfrak T_{g,s,n}$ с $s>0$ дырками и $n>0$ граничными каспами в подходе гиперболической геометрии. В случае, когда $n>0$, имеет место взаимно однозначное соответствие между множеством тeрстоновских координат смещений и пеннеровских $\lambda $-длин. При этом, с одной стороны, можно определить скобку Пуассона на множестве $\lambda $-длин, исходя из скобки Пуассона на координатах смещений, введенной В.В. Фоком в 1997 г., а с другой - можно определить симплектическую структуру $\Omega_\mathrm{WP}$ на множестве обобщенных координат смещений, исходя из пеннеровской симплектической структуры на множестве $\lambda $-длин. В работе явно выводится симплектическая структура $\Omega_\mathrm{WP}$, которая оказывается весьма похожей на симплектическую структуру, предложенную М. Концевичем для описания представителей $\psi $-классов в подходе комплексно аналитической геометрии. Показано, что эта симплектическая структура действительно обратна фоковской скобке Пуассона.
Скрытая суперсимметрия как метод построения низкоэнергетических суперполевых эффективных действий
Authors: Buchbinder Iosif L'vovich , Ivanov Evgeny Alexeevich
Published: September 2020

Представлен общий метод построения низкоэнергетического суперполевого квантового эффективного действия для суперсимметричных теорий Янга-Миллса с расширенной суперсимметрией в кулоновской фазе, основанный на требовании инвариантности относительно неявной (скрытой) части соответствующей полной суперсимметрии. В качестве примеров выведены $\mathcal N=4$ суперсимметричное эффективное действие в $4D$, $\mathcal N=4$ суперсимметричной теории Янга-Миллса, $\mathcal N=2$ суперсимметричное эффективное действие в $5D$, $\mathcal N=2$ суперсимметричной теории Янга-Миллса и $\mathcal N=(1,1)$ суперсимметричное эффективное действие в $6D$, $\mathcal N=(1,1)$ суперсимметричной теории Янга-Миллса. Они обладают соответственно явными $4D$, $\mathcal N=2$ суперсимметриями, $5D$, $\mathcal N=1$ суперсимметриями и $6D$, $\mathcal N=(1,0)$ суперсимметриями вне массовой поверхности. Во всех случаях эффективное действие зависит от ковариантных суперполевых напряженностей калибровочного мультиплета и суперполей гипермультиплета. Рассмотренные примеры демонстрируют замечательные возможности подхода гармонических суперпространств в квантовой области.
Общий модулярный квантовый дилогарифм и бета-интегралы
Authors: Sarkissian Gor Alfredovich , Spiridonov Vyacheslav Pavlovich
Published: September 2020

Рассматривается однократный бета-интеграл, построенный с помощью общего квантового дилогарифма, и доказывается точная формула его вычисления. Этот интеграл описывает статистическую сумму специальной 3d суперсимметричной теории поля на общем сплющенном линзовом пространстве. Также кратко обсуждается возможность его приложений в 2d конформной теории поля.
Двухфотонное распространение света и модифицированное уравнение Лиувилля
Authors: Kamchatnov Anatolii Mikhailovich , Pavlov Maxim Valentinovich
Published: September 2020

Показано, что система нелинейных уравнений двухфотонного распространения света с действительными амплитудами огибающих может быть решена в общем виде классическим методом Лиувилля. Эта система, как и другие аналогичные системы интегрируемых по Дарбу уравнений, связана с модифицированным уравнением Лиувилля, и найденное решение дает также общие решения таких модифицированных уравнений. Сделан вывод, что метод Лиувилля предоставляет эффективный способ интегрирования класса конкретных систем, допускающих интегрирование по Дарбу.
Количественная оценка негауссовости на основе расстояния Хеллингера
Authors: Zhang Yue , Luo Shunlong
Published: September 2020

Негауссовость является важным ресурсом, использующимся при квантовой обработке информации с непрерывными переменными. Введена мера негауссовости состояний бозонного поля, основанная на расстоянии Хеллингера, и представлены ее основные характеристики. Эта мера обладает некоторыми естественными свойствами и легко вычисляется. Введенная мера негауссовости проиллюстрирована на примерах типичных состояний бозонного поля, и проведено ее сравнение с другими мерами. В частности, отмечено сходство и различие предложенной меры с мерой, основанной на расстоянии Бюреса (или, эквивалентно, фиделити).
Операторы рекурсии и иерархии модифицированных уравнений Кортевега-де Фриза, связанные с алгебрами Каца-Муди $D_4^{(1)}$, $D_4^{(2)}$ и $D_4^{(3)}$
Authors: Gerdjikov Vladimir Stefanov , Stefanov Aleksander Aleksiev , Iliev Iliya Dimov , Boyadjiev Georgi P , Smirnov Aleksandr Olegovich , Matveev Vladimir Borisovich , Pavlov Maxim Valentinovich
Published: September 2020

Построены три неэквивалентные градуировки алгебры $D_4 \simeq so(8)$. Первая градуировка стандартна, она получается с помощью автоморфизма Коксетера $C_1=S_{\alpha_2} S_{\alpha_1}S_{\alpha_3}S_{\alpha_4}$ из ее диэдрального представления, во второй используется $C_2 = C_1R$, где $R$ - зеркальный автоморфизм, в третьей - $C_3 = S_{\alpha_2}S_{\alpha_1}T$, где $T$ - внешний автоморфизм порядка 3. Для каждой градуировки построены базис в соответствующих линейных подпространствах $\mathfrak{g}^{(k)}$, орбиты автоморфизмов Коксетера
и соответствующие пары Лакса, порожденные соответствующими иерархиями модифицированных уравнений Кортевега-де Фриза (мКдФ). Найдены компактные выражения для каждой иерархии в терминах операторов рекурсии. Явно выписаны первые нетривиальные уравнения мКдФ и их гамильтонианы.
В действительности для $D_4^{(1)}$ имеются две системы мКдФ, так как в этом случае показатель $3$ имеет кратность 2.
Каждая из этих систем мКдФ состоит из четырех уравнений третьего порядка по $\partial_x$. Для $D_4^{(2)}$ это система из трех уравнений третьего порядка по $\partial_x$, для $D_4^{(3)}$ это система из двух уравнений пятого порядка по $\partial_x$.
Деформационное квантование оснащенных предсимплектических многообразий
Authors: Gorev Nikita Dmitrievich , Elfimov Boris Maksimovich , Sharapov Aleksey Anatol'evich
Published: September 2020

В рамках метода Федосова рассматривается проблема деформационного квантования предсимплектических многообразий. Выделяется класс специальных предсимплектических многообразий, для которого такое квантование может быть всегда построено. Показано, что возникающие в общем случае
препятствия к квантованию могут быть отождествлены с некоторыми специальными элементами третьей группы когомологий дифференциального идеала, ассоциированного с предсимплектической структурой.
Вывод рецепта Камаямы-Наваты-Тао-Чжана из арборесцентного исчисления и структура дифференциального разложения
Authors: Morozov Aleksei Yur'evich
Published: September 2020

Недавно предложенный рецепт Камаямы-Наваты-Тао-Чжана завершил затянувшийся поиск эксклюзивных матриц Рака $\overline{S}$ и $S$ для всех прямоугольных представлений. Успех этого описания является замечательным достижением современной теории узлов в приложении к классической теории представлений, которая исходно считалась инструментом для построения исчисления узлов, а вместо этого оказалась его непосредственным бенефициаром. Показано, что данный подход фактически состоит в приведении арборесцентной матрицы эволюции $\overline{S} \overline{T}^2 \overline{S}$ к треугольному виду $\mathcal B$, и дано объяснение, как это работает, и как выглядят с этой точки зрения прежние загадки и чудеса дифференциальных разложений. Полностью новой является гипотеза о виде треугольной матрицы $\mathcal B$ в случае представления $[3,1]$, не являющегося прямоугольным. Никакие вычисления при этом не упрощаются, но объяснено, как всe работает и что еще нужно для того, чтобы эту гипотезу полностью доказать. Обсуждение может также оказаться полезным для распространения методики на непрямоугольный случай и для соответствующего поиска калибровочно-инвариантных арборесцентных вершин. В качестве еще одного приложения мы вносим загадочное, но экспериментально обоснованное предложение считать, что форма дифференциального разложения для любых узлов полностью описывается частным случаем твистованных узлов.
Revisiting Primary English Teachers’ Critical Reflections on Coursebook Usage
Authors: Sahin Senem
Published: September 2020

In Germany, where every federal state has a different educational philosophy and diverse legal circumstances, the practices of English teachers vary considerably. In Bavaria, where the present study was conducted, English only became a mandatory primary school subject in the school year 2005-2004. Because a specific training for becoming primary school English teacher was only integrated into the university curriculum after that year, the majority of current primary school English teachers have not been trained to teach this subject so they lack the methodological background. Therefore, coursebooks with detailed teaching ideas and pedagogical explanations for lesson planning become an essential part of their profession providing guidance and feeling of security. Some German scholars have noted; however, these teachers mostly devise other materials like worksheets to replace or supplement the English coursebooks (Fuchs et al., 2010). The present study aims to critically reflect on perceptions, preferences and expectations of English teachers at German primary schools concerning their coursebook usage. After presenting and discussing the research results, the paper proposes some ideas for striking a balance between teaching English with and without a coursebook. Different stakeholders can thus collect useful ideas for improvement, including teacher trainers, teachers, student teachers, school administrators, and publishers.
Nanotechnology for Combating Microbial Contamination of Water
Authors: do Nascimento Rafaella O. , Gupta Indarchand , Parsapour Melika , Ingle Avinash P. , Rai Mahendra
Published: September 2020

El agua es una necesidad universal que ha sido reportada por las Naciones Unidas (ONU) y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) como una prioridad. Existe una necesidad apremiante de acceso gratuito al agua potable para las poblaciones de los países en desarrollo. Además, las fuentes de agua de los países desarrollados también requieren atención debido a la presencia de un alto nivel de contaminantes emergentes. Por lo tanto, la nanotecnología parece ser una herramienta poderosa que podría usarse como sensores, filtros, superficies antibacterianas y nanoantimicrobianos. En esta revisión, hemos discutido la aplicación de las nanopartículas y los nanocompuestos para el tratamiento de aguas y aguas residuales. Además, el impacto de las nanopartículas libres como contaminantes emergentes en las plantas de tratamiento de agua, así como en las aguas subterráneas, merece más estudios.
Consumer Buying Behaviour towards E-Commerce during COVID-19
Authors: Veeragandham Mounika , Patnaik Nikhil , Tiruvaipati Rishitha , Guruprasad M.
Published: September 2020

The job and effect of E-commerce business on Consumer behaviour are driving the business wide adoption of Consumer behaviour analysis for pulling in more shoppers and improving their shopping experience. There is a noteworthy change in buyer’s mentalities and shopping conduct, most of them are relied upon to remain post-pandemic. The lockdown has forced purchasers to question their shopping habits including cost awareness, preference inclination for neighbourhood items and the emotional move towards internet business. To what extend the pandemic changed the buying behaviour of consumer towards online purchases. Traditional or online practices, which one is most likely to be followed post pandemic. Are they satisfied with the e-commerce sites and their offerings?
Mediação cultural da informação para o reencantamento do mundo
Authors: Bezerra Arthur Coelho , Cavalcante Luciane de Fátima Beckman
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: O presente artigo propõe discutir a implementação de práticas de mediação cultural da informação no âmbito do ensino e da pesquisa acadêmica, destacando a contribuição de tais práticas para a ampliação dos horizontes epistemológicos do pensamento científico. Tais objetivos se apoiam no reconhecimento do método científico como a forma mais arrojada de sistematização do conhecimento desenvolvida pela humanidade, porém em oposição à ideia de que o saber científico é o único portador de rigor e validade.Método: Iremos empreender uma pesquisa exploratória em torno dos conceitos de “mediação da informação” e “mediação cultural” (conforme pensado nos diálogos entre os estudos da informação e da comunicação social), amalgamando-os em uma noção de “mediação cultural da informação”. Posteriormente, a crítica aos usos da racionalidade da ciência moderna nas políticas de colonização servirá de mote para a defesa de sua aproximação com outras epistemologias e concepções de vida e mundo; nesse âmbito, a ideia de tradução surge como exemplo de prática de mediação cultural da informação.Resultado: Compreendemos que a perspectiva weberiana de “desencantamento do mundo” é resultante de uma racionalização das mais diferentes esferas da vida, processo que operou, na esteira da colonização de corpos e mentes, uma espécie de marginalização e apagamento de conhecimentos e saberes de povos tradicionais e de minorias ao redor do planeta.  Conclusões: A adoção de práticas de mediação cultural da informação tem o condão de operar uma espécie de “reencantamento do mundo”, permitindo que o entendimento dos fenômenos investigados pela ciência não se dê exclusivamente no âmbito da racionalização instrumental dos processos do conhecer, mas, também, pelas singularidades e pluralidades construídas e reconstruídas a partir de trocas simbólicas no plano da cultura.
Del léxico a la deixis social: reflexiones sobre las formas de tratamiento en el ámbito de la traducción
Authors: De Oliveira Leandra Cristina
Published: September 2020

Ao assumir a inexistência de uma sinonímia pura entre duas línguas naturais, nos indagamos sobre a abrangência desse postulado a unidades linguísticas que agregam informação gramatical, como é o caso de duas formas pronominais de segunda pessoa. A partir dessa consideração inicial, o presente artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre os seguintes questionamentos: (i) quais significados podem ser verificados em dicionários monolíngues a respeito dos pronomes de tratamento singular do espanhol; (ii) que relações é possível estabelecer entre o significado léxico e a dêixis social vinculada pelas formas pronominais de segunda pessoa; e (iii) que impactos traz o fenômeno ao ofício da tradução. O debate substancialmente teórico aqui proposto se fundamenta tanto no campo da Linguística como no dos Estudos da Tradução recobrando teorias sobre dêixis social, cortesia verbal e postulados da Tradutologia.
Polymorphism and molecular characteristics of the CSN1S2 gene in river and swamp buffalo
Authors: Fan Xinyang , Gao Shanshan , Fu Lin , Qiu Lihua , Miao Yongwang
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The αS2-casein (αS2-CN) is a member of the casein
family associated with milk traits in ruminants, but so far the buffalo
CSN1S2 gene has not been well understood. In this work, the polymorphisms of
CSN1S2 in river and swamp buffalo were detected using direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. As a result, 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the coding sequence (CDS) of CSN1S2 in two types
of buffalo, of which eight SNPs were non-synonymous. The amino acid changes
caused by c.580T>C and c.642C>G may affect the
function of buffalo αS2-CN. A total of 11 CSN1S2 CDS haplotypes were
defined, and accordingly 11 variants of buffalo αS2-CN were
inferred and named. The CSN1S2 CDSs of both types of buffalo were 669 nucleotides,
which encoded a precursor of 222 amino acids (AAs), and the first 15 AAs
constitute a signal peptide. The composition and physicochemical
characteristics of two types of buffalo αS2-CNs were similar
but slightly different from those of cattle αS2-CN. The
αS2-CN mature peptides of buffalo and the species of Bos genus contained a casein
domain, and their secondary structures were highly consistent, indicating
that they are functionally similar. The results here provide initial
insights into the variation, characteristics and biological function of
buffalo CSN1S2.
Aerosol solar radiative forcing near the Taklimakan Desert based on radiative transfer and regional meteorological simulations during the Dust Aerosol Observation-Kashi campaign
Authors: Li Li , Li Zhengqiang , Chang Wenyuan , Ou Yang , Goloub Philippe , Li Chengzhe , Li Kaitao , Hu Qiaoyun , Wang Jianping , Wendisch Manfred
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The Taklimakan Desert is a main and continuous source of
Asian dust particles causing significant direct radiative effects, which are
commonly quantified by the aerosol solar radiative forcing (ASRF). To improve
the accuracy of estimates of dust ASRF, the Dust Aerosol Observation-Kashi
(DAO-K) campaign was carried out near the Taklimakan Desert in April 2019.
The objective of the DAO-K campaign is to provide crucial parameters needed
for the calculation of ASRF, such as dust optical and microphysical properties,
vertical distribution, and surface albedo. The ASRF was calculated using
radiative transfer (RT) simulations based on the observed aerosol
parameters, additionally considering the measured atmospheric profiles and
diurnal variations of surface albedo. As a result, daily average values of
ASRF of −19 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere and −36 W m−2 at the bottom
of the atmosphere were derived from the simulations conducted during the DAO-K
campaign. Furthermore, the Weather Research and Forecasting model with
Chemistry (WRF-Chem), with assimilation of measurements of the aerosol
optical depth and particulate matter (PM) mass concentrations of particles
with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and
10 µm (PM10), is employed to estimate the dust ASRF for comparison. The
results of the ASRF simulations (RT and WRF-Chem) were evaluated using
ground-based downward solar irradiance measurements, which have
confirmed that the RT simulations are in good agreement with simultaneous
observations, whereas the WRF-Chem estimations reveal obvious discrepancies
with the solar irradiance measurements.
A new approach for measuring the carbon and oxygen content of atmospherically relevant compounds and mixtures
Authors: Hurley James F. , Kreisberg Nathan M. , Stump Braden , Bi Chenyang , Kumar Purushottam , Hering Susanne V. , Keady Pat , Isaacman-VanWertz Gabriel
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Due to its complexity, gas- and particle-phase organic
carbon in the atmosphere is often classified by its bulk physicochemical
properties. However, there is a dearth of robust, moderate-cost approaches
to measure the bulk chemical composition of organic carbon in the atmosphere.
This is particularly true for the degree of oxygenation, which critically
affects the properties and impacts of organic carbon but for which routine
measurement approaches are lacking. This gap has limited the understanding of a
wide range of atmospheric components, including particulate matter, the mass
of which is monitored worldwide due to its health and environmental effects but the chemical characterization of which requires relatively high capital
costs and complex operation by highly trained technical personnel. In this
work, we demonstrate a new approach to estimate the mass of carbon and
oxygen in analytes and mixtures that relies only on robust, moderate-cost
detectors designed for use with gas chromatography. Organic compounds
entering a flame ionization detector were found to be converted with
approximately complete efficiency to CO2, which was analyzed downstream
using an infrared detector to measure the mass of carbon analyzed. The ratio
of the flame
ionization detector (FID) signal generated to CO2 formed (FID∕CO2) was shown to be
strongly correlated (R2=0.89) to the oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O∕C)
of the analyte. Furthermore, simple mixtures of analytes behaved as the
weighted average of their components, indicating that this correlation
extends to mixtures. These properties were also observed to correlate well
with the sensitivity of the FID estimated by structure activity
relationships (quantified as the relative effective carbon number). The
relationships between measured FID∕CO2, analyte O∕C, and FID
sensitivity allow the estimation of one property from another with <15 % error for mixtures and <20 % error for most individual
analytes. The approach opens the possibility of field-deployable, autonomous
measurement of the carbon and oxygen content of particulate matter using
time-tested, low-maintenance detectors, though such an application would
require some additional testing on complex mixtures. With some instrumental
modifications, similar measurements on gas-phase species may be feasible.
Moreover, the potential expansion to additional gas chromatography detectors may
provide concurrent measurement of other elements (e.g., sulfur, nitrogen).
Radiative transfer acceleration based on the Principal Component Analysis and Look-Up Table of corrections: Optimization and application to UV ozone profile retrievals
Authors: Bak Juseon , Liu Xiong , Spurr Robert , Yang Kai , Nowlan Caroline R. , Miller Christopher Chan , Abad Gonzalo Gonzalez , Chance Kelly
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In this work, we apply a principal component analysis (PCA)-based approach combined with look-up tables (LUTs) of corrections to accelerate the VLIDORT radiative transfer (RT) model used in the retrieval of ozone profiles from backscattered ultraviolet (UV) measurements by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). The spectral binning scheme, which determines the accuracy and efficiency of the PCA–RT performance, is thoroughly optimized over the spectral range 265 to 360 nm with the assumption of a Rayleigh-scattering atmosphere above a Lambertian surface. The high level of accuracy (~ 0.03 %) is achieved from fast-PCA calculations of full radiances. In this approach, computationally expensive full multiple scattering (MS) calculations are limited to a small set of PCA-derived optical states, while fast single scattering and 2-stream multiple scattering calculations are performed, for every spectral point. The number of calls to the full MS model is only 51 in the application to OMI ozone profile retrievals with the fitting window of 270–330 nm where the RT model should be called at fine intervals (~ 0.03 nm with ~ 2000 wavelengths) to simulate OMI native measurements at 229 wavelengths (spectral resolution: 0.4–0.6 nm). We also developed a Look Up Table (LUT) to correct RT approximations performed using a scalar RT model with 4 streams (discrete ordinates) and 24 layers, thereby achieving the accuracy at the level attainable from simulations with a vector model with 12 streams and 72 layers; this speeds up the RT calculations by more than 2 orders of magnitude when ignoring other overhead. Overall, we speed up our OMI retrieval by a factor of 3.3 over the previous version, which has already been significantly sped up over line-by-line calculations due to various RT approximations. Improved treatments for RT approximation errors using LUT corrections improve spectral fitting (2–5 %) and hence retrieval errors, especially for tropospheric ozone by up to ~ 10 %; the remaining errors due to the forward model errors are within 5 % in the troposphere and 3 % in the stratosphere.
Chemical destaining and the delta correction for blue intensity measurements of stained lake subfossil trees
Authors: Wang Feng , Arseneault Dominique , Boucher Étienne , Yu Shulong , Ouellet Steeven , Chaillou Gwenaëlle , Delwaide Ann , Wang Lily
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The stain of wood samples from lake subfossil trees
(LSTs) is challenging the wide application of the blue intensity (BI)
technique for millennial dendroclimatic reconstructions. In this study, we
used seven chemical destaining reagents to treat samples of subfossil black
spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) trees from two lakes in the eastern Canadian boreal
forest. We subsequently compared latewood BI (LBI) and delta BI (DBI) time
series along with conventional maximum latewood density (MXD) measured from
the stained and destained samples. Results showed that the stain of our
samples is most likely caused by postsampling oxidation of dissolved
ferrous iron in lake sediments that penetrated into wood. Three reagents
(ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, and sodium dithionite all mixed with
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) could remove >90 % of Fe.
However, even for the best chemical protocol, a discrepancy of about
+2 ∘C compared to MXD data remained in the LBI-based temperature
reconstruction due to incomplete destaining. On the contrary, the simple
mathematical delta correction, DBI, was unaffected by the Fe stain and showed
very similar results compared to MXD data (r>0.82) from annual
to centennial timescales over the past ∼360 years. This study
underlines the difficulty of completely destaining lake subfossil samples while confirming the robustness of the DBI approach. DBI data measured from
stained LSTs can be used to perform robust millennial temperature
reconstructions.
Hydrometeorological Data from a Remotely Operated Multi-
Parameter Station network in Central Asia
Authors: Zech Cornelia , Schöne Tilo , Illigner Julia , Stolarczuk Nico , Queißer Torsten , Köppl Matthias , Thoss Heiko , Zubovich Alexander , Sharshebaev Azamat , Zakhidov Kakhramon , Toshpulatov Khurshid , Tillayev Yusufjon , Olimov Sukhrob , Paiman Zabihullah , Unger-Shayesteh Katy , Gafurov Abror , Moldobekov Bolot
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The Regional Research Network „Water in Central Asia“ (CAWa) funded by the German Federal Foreign Office consists of 18 remotely operated multi-parameter stations (ROMPS) in Central Asia. These stations were installed by the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) in Potsdam, Germany in close cooperation with the Central-Asian Institute for Applied Geosciences (CAIAG) in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, the national hydrometeorological services in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, the Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, and the Kabul Polytechnic University, Afghanistan. The primary objective of these stations is to support the establishment of a reliable data basis of meteorological and hydrological data especially in remote areas with extreme climate conditions in Central Asia for applications in climate and water monitoring. Up to now ten years of data are provided for an area of scarce station distribution and with limited open access data which can be used for a wide range of scientific or engineering applications. he data described in this manuscript will be made publicly available with the DOI https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.1.2.2020.002 (Zech et al., 2020) after final acceptance. In the meantime, find data via this temporary link: https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/084165424ac07f9ccb5391ab452e4dc9fff92076e265ee8bc86acc90a6ea287b/ or via the Sensor Data Storage System (SDSS) at http://sdss.caiag.kg.
Representation of population exchange at level anti-crossings
Authors: Rodin Bogdan A. , Ivanov Konstantin L.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. A theoretical framework is proposed to describe the spin dynamics driven by coherent spin mixing at Level Anti-Crossings (LACs). We briefly introduce the LAC concept and propose to describe the spin dynamics using a vector of populations of the diabatic eigenstates. In this description, each LAC gives rise to a pairwise redistribution of eigenstate populations, allowing one to construct the total evolution operator of the spin system. Additionally, we take into account that in the course of spin evolution a “rotation” of the eigenstate basis case take place. The approach is illustrated by a number of examples, dealing with magnetic field inversion, cross-polarization, singlet-state NMR and parahydrogen induced polarization.
Can the boundary profiles at 26° N be used to extract buoyancy-forced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation signals?
Authors: Polo Irene , Haines Keith , Robson Jon , Thomas Christopher
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The temporal variability of the Atlantic Meridional
Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is driven both by direct wind stresses and by
the buoyancy-driven formation of North Atlantic Deep Water over the Labrador Sea
and Nordic Seas. In many models, low-frequency density variability down the
western boundary of the Atlantic basin is linked to changes in the buoyancy
forcing over the Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG) region, and this is found to
explain part of the geostrophic AMOC variability at 26∘ N. In this study,
using different experiments with an ocean general circulation model (OGCM), we develop statistical methods to
identify characteristic vertical density profiles at 26∘ N at the western and
eastern boundaries, which relate to the buoyancy-forced AMOC. We show that
density anomalies due to anomalous buoyancy forcing over the SPG propagate
equatorward along the western Atlantic boundary (through 26∘ N),
eastward along the Equator, and then poleward up the eastern Atlantic boundary.
The timing of the density anomalies appearing at the western and eastern
boundaries at 26∘ N reveals ∼ 2–3-year lags between boundaries
along deeper levels (2600–3000 m). Record lengths of more than 26 years are
required at the western boundary (WB) to allow the buoyancy-forced signals to appear as the
dominant empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode. Results suggest that the depth structure of the signals
and the lagged covariances between the boundaries at 26∘ N may both provide
useful information for detecting propagating signals of high-latitude origin
in more complex models and potentially in the observational RAPID (Rapid Climate Change programme) array.
However, time filtering may be needed, together with the continuation of the
RAPID programme, in order to extend the time period.
Buoyant calving and ice-contact lake evolution at Pasterze Glacier (Austria) in the period 1998–2019
Authors: Kellerer-Pirklbauer Andreas , Avian Michael , Benn Douglas I. , Bernsteiner Felix , Krisch Philipp , Ziesler Christian
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Rapid growth of proglacial lakes in the current warming climate can pose significant outburst flood hazards, increase rates of ice mass loss, and alter the dynamic state of glaciers. We studied the nature and rate of proglacial lake evolution at Pasterze Glacier (Austria) in the period 1998–2019 using different remote sensing (photogrammetry, laserscanning) and fieldwork-based (GPS, time-lapse photography, geoelectrical resistivity tomography/ERT, and bathymetry) data. Glacier thinning below the spillway level and glacier recession caused flooding of the glacier, initially forming a glacier-lateral to supraglacial lake with subaerial and subaquatic debris-covered dead-ice bodies. The observed lake size increase in 1998–2019 followed an exponential curve (1998: 1900 m2; 2019: 304,000 m2). ERT data from 2015 to 2019 revealed widespread existence of massive dead-ice bodies exceeding 25 m in thickness near the lake shore. Several large-scale and rapidly occurring buoyant calving events were detected in the 48 m deep basin by time-lapse photography, indicating that buoyant calving is a crucial process for fast lake expansion. We identified a sequence of processes: glacier recession into a basin and glacier thinning below spillway-level; glacio-fluvial sedimentation in the glacial-proglacial transition zone covering dead ice; initial formation and accelerating enlargement of a glacier-lateral to supraglacial lake by ablation of glacier ice and debris-covered dead ice forming thermokarst features; increase in hydrostatic disequilibrium leading to destabilization of ice at the lake bottom or at the near-shore causing fracturing, tilting, disintegration or emergence of new icebergs due to buoyant calving; and gradual melting of icebergs along with iceberg capsizing events. We conclude that buoyant calving, previously not reported from the European Alps, might play an important role at alpine glaciers in the future as many glaciers are expected to recede into valley or cirque overdeepenings.
Mefenoxam, Itraconazole, and Terbinafine Combination Therapy for Management of Pythiosis in Dogs (Six Cases)
Authors: Cridge Harry , Hughes Samantha M. , Langston Vernon C. , Mackin Andrew J.
Published: September 2020

Pythium insidiosum is an oomycete that encysts in the skin or gastrointestinal tract, leading to pythiosis. Pythiosis is reported in tropical and subtropical climates, affecting dogs and rarely cats. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice; however, cases present late in the disease and lesions are often nonresectable. Medical management is typically unsuccessful, with uncommon exceptions; however, mefenoxam, an agricultural fungicide, has in vitro efficacy against P insidiosum. We describe the use of mefenoxam, itraconazole, and terbinafine (MIT) in five dogs with gastrointestinal pythiosis and one dog with cutaneous pythiosis. Two of the gastrointestinal cases had disease extending to surgical margins and received MIT: resolution of clinical signs and seronegativity occurred after 189–193 days. Another case underwent surgical resection and MIT. The dog improved but subsequently developed a rectal mass, which responded to addition of prednisone and immunotherapy. Two cases were treated with MIT alone, and response varied. Efficacy of MIT in cutaneous pythiosis could not be determined. MIT may result in improved survival and seronegativity in dogs with incompletely resected gastrointestinal pythiosis. Mefenoxam is EPA registered, and extralabel use under the Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act does not apply. Additional research is recommended before use.
Variation in the use and interpretation of null subjects: A view from Greek and Italian
Authors: Torregrossa Jacopo , Andreou Maria , Bongartz Christiane M.
Published: September 2020

We aim to understand whether Greek and Italian, two null subject languages, differ in the use and interpretation of null subjects, based on evidence from both a production and a comprehension experiment. The results of the two experiments show that the two languages differ in the extent to which they comply with the Position of Antecedent Strategy as formulated by Carminati (2002). In order to account for this difference, we introduce a principle which defines prominence of sentence constituents in terms of hierarchical height, elaborating on a recent proposal by Rizzi (2018). Then we show that the prominence of subject and object constituents in Greek and Italian reflects word-order differences between the two languages (Roussou & Tsimpli 2006). In more general terms, this paper argues in favour of a multi-factorial approach to reference interpretation, in that syntactic factors interact with discourse factors, leading to a gradient variety of reference possibilities.
Mineração da pedra “São Thomé” em São Thomé das Letras - MG: um estudo etnográfico sobre saúde coletiva e justiça ambiental
Authors: Moreira Bruna Marcelo Bernardo , Silva Luiz Felipe , Bueno Maria Isabel Cardoso da Silva
Published: September 2020

A atividade de mineração, incluindo a de não-metálicos, tem uma participação expressiva no modelo de desenvolvimento vigente. As cavas de exploração da pedra São Thomé abraçam e se confundem com o município de São Thomé das Letras, sul de Minas Gerais. Este estudo, por meio de etnografia, teve o objetivo de investigar a percepção dos moradores do município em relação aos impactos da mineração nos âmbitos da saúde coletiva e da justiça ambiental, considerando a ocorrência de silicose nos trabalhadores do setor e a proximidade das frentes de lavra e do centro urbano da cidade. O trabalho de campo, realizado entre março e julho de 2017, se inseriu no cotidiano da comunidade e incluiu a observação como meio de conhecer melhor a realidade vivida em São Thomé das Letras. Nesse período foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, gravadas e não-gravadas, tanto com pessoas que trabalham ou já trabalharam na mineração como outros membros da comunidade. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizada a metodologia de análise de relatos orais, que possibilitou o tratamento das informações para atender ao objetivo da pesquisa. Moradores e trabalhadores percebem que a mineração influencia na saúde da comunidade e pelos relatos colhidos, observa-se que a questão da justiça ambiental é expressa nas falas. A análise também revela que a comunidade é refém da atividade de mineração, no modelo predominante, fonte de dor na paisagem humana e ambiental e de sobrevivência.
The Enforcers
Authors: Wells Rob
Published: September 2020

The Enforcers describes the problems with business journalism and its possible future by focusing on the little-studied genre of the trade press. A historical and normative analysis of business journalism frames a case study about a small but extraordinary trade newspaper, the National Thrift News, whose aggressive reporting on the savings-and-loan crisis contributed to the downfall of a corrupt banker, Charles Keating Jr., chairman of American Continental Corporation and owner of Lincoln Savings and Loan. The National Thrift News offers broader lessons for mainstream business journalism in that its newsroom envisioned investigative reporting as a commercial and market opportunity; the editor’s part-ownership of the newspaper allowed the staff to take risks. The National Thrift News defied a long-standing narrative that trade publications are captive to the industries they cover; the case study provides new evidence of accountability and investigative journalism in the trade press. It explores the complex relationships and interactions between businesspeople and the press, how their fortunes can rise and fall as a result of similar economic forces, and how their roles in the capitalist system create tension and put them at odds with one another. This book makes the case that business journalism must evolve from its origins as market servant and become a market watchdog.
Shelter from the Machine
Authors: Strange Jason G.
Published: September 2020

Drawing upon deep ethnographic fieldwork, and written in lively prose that weaves together story and evidence, the book explores contemporary homesteading in Appalachia as a means of resistance to capitalist modernity. It is framed around two questions: Why are people still pursuing rural subsistence? And why are they often divided into two main groups, known to each other--not always kindly--as “hicks” and “hippies”? These turn out to be urgent questions, considering that the cultural divide between these two groups is one instance of the dangerous and growing schism between “liberal” and “conservative” in the contemporary United States. Because the answer turns upon the distribution of literacy and literate education, these also turn out to be profound questions that cannot be answered without exploring the inner workings of class and capitalism. Thus, the narrative begins by telling the complex and often misunderstood histories of both groups of back-to-the-landers, but turns in the middle chapters to an analysis of the ways in which working-class people are rendered educationally dispossessed through schooling and jobs, as well as discussion of the often devastating consequences of that dispossession. In the final chapter, the book returns to homesteading as a form of resistance, to address the question of whether it provides, as practitioners hope, a measure of shelter from the machine.
The Merchant Prince of Black Chicago
Authors: Weems Robert E.
Published: September 2020

Anthony Overton is widely regarded as one of the twentieth century’s most significant African American entrepreneurs. Overton, at his peak, presided over a Chicago-based financial empire that included a personal care products company (Overton Hygienic Manufacturing Company) a bank (Douglass National Bank), an insurance company (Victory Life Insurance Company) a popular periodical (the Half-Century Magazine), and a newspaper (Chicago Bee). This impressive business portfolio contributed to Overton being the first businessman to win the NAACP’s Spingarn Medal in 1927, as well as him currently being acknowledged in the Harvard University Business School’s database of “American Business Leaders of the Twentieth Century” as the first African American to head a major business conglomerate. Nevertheless, despite Overton’s noteworthy entrepreneurial accomplishments, he remains a mysterious figure. The most readily apparent reason for this is the unavailability of his business records and personal papers. Still, because of Anthony Overton’s prominence, a large body of scattered alternative primary and secondary sources were available to construct this biography. Along with examining Anthony Overton and his accomplishments, this book places his activities in the context of larger societal occurrences in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century America. Moreover, by recounting Overton’s life story, this biography seeks to more fully illuminate the role of business and entrepreneurship in the African American experience.