bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Matéria seca e acúmulo de macronutrientes na parte aérea das plantas de Crambe
Authors: Mauad Munir , Garcia Rodrigo Arroyo , Vitorino Antonio Carlos Tadeu , Silva Rosilda Mara Mussury Franco , Garbiate Marcos Vinicios , Coelho Laura Caroline Farell
Published: April 2013

O crambe (Crambe abyssinica) tem bom potencial para produção de biodiesel pelo seu teor de óleo, além de ser uma alternativa para a rotação de culturas. Contudo, são escassas as informações sobre a demanda de nutrientes pelo crambe. O trabalho objetivou determinar a produção de matéria seca e o acúmulo de macronutrientes na parte aérea das plantas de crambe, em diferentes estágios de crescimento e desenvolvimento. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Foram coletadas amostras da parte aérea das plantas aos 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 e 84 dias após a emergência (DAE). Para cada coleta, as plantas foram dividas em folha (limbo e pecíolo), caule + ramos e frutos (cápsulas) e as amostras foram secas até peso constante para posterior determinação da matéria seca e teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. As folhas apresentam grande contribuição na produção de matéria seca nas fases iniciais de desenvolvimento das plantas. A partir do florescimento, a queda das folhas é acentuada e a contribuição dos caules+ramos é maior. Foi observada a seguinte demanda pelos nutrientes na parte aérea: N>Ca>P>S>K>Mg. Quanto às quantidades exportadas via colheita de grãos, seguiu-se a ordem: N>P>S>Mg>Ca>K. A produção de matéria seca da parte aérea das plantas e dos frutos é baixa. No entanto, em função do ciclo curto e da rápida transição entre as fases de florescimento e maturação dos frutos, a adubação de semeadura é fundamental para obtenção de rendimentos satisfatórios.
Desempenho econômico da cultura do girassol em sistemas de agricultura familiar do sudeste paranaense
Authors: Ribeiro Maria de Fátima dos Santos , Raiher Augusta Pelinski
Published: April 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho econômico da cultura do girassol em sistemas de produção familiar do sudeste paranaense. Foram avaliadas 26 situações culturais, as quais variaram quanto às condições edafoclimáticas, à intensidade de uso de mecanização, ao custo com fertilizantes e à cultivar utilizada. A Análise de Componentes Principais indicou que o desempenho econômico da cultura do girassol não esteve correlacionado com a intensidade de uso de mecanização, sendo possível auferir maiores margens brutas, tanto em sistemas totalmente mecanizados, quanto em sistemas com mecanização intermediária ou com tração animal. O custo com fertilizantes e a produtividade foram os fatores mais importantes para o desempenho econômico da cultura. Verificou-se também que o custo com sementes não esteve correlacionado com a margem bruta. Assim, para as condições do presente estudo, é economicamente mais interessante a utilização de materiais com alto potencial produtivo, mesmo que o custo de aquisição das sementes seja maior. Pela Análise de Cluster, as 26 situações culturais foram agrupadas em quatro classes de desempenho econômico. As menores margens brutas variaram entre R$180 ha-1 (sistema totalmente mecanizado) e R$288 ha-1 (tração animal e intermediário). As maiores margens brutas variaram entre R$553 ha-1 (sistema totalmente mecanizado) e R$695 ha-1 (tração animal e intermediário).
Eugenia 'negativa', psiquiatria e catolicismo: embates em torno da esterilização eugênica no Brasil
Authors: Wegner Robert , Souza Vanderlei Sebastião de
Published: April 2013

Analisa o diálogo do eugenista Renato Kehl com um grupo de psiquiatras brasileiros que, no início da década de 1930, aproximaram-se da chamada eugenia negativa. Entusiasmados com as pesquisas e a aplicação de medidas eugênicas em países como os EUA e a Alemanha, autores como Ernani Lopes, Ignácio da Cunha Lopes, Alberto Farani e Antonio Carlos Pacheco e Silva elegeram a religião católica como empecilho para que o Brasil pudesse seguir caminho semelhante, especialmente quanto à resistência à implantação da esterilização dos ditos 'degenerados' que passara a vigorar na Alemanha em 1934. O artigo mapeia as diferentes estratégias propostas pelos autores para dialogar com a Igreja católica.
Modelling of the mechanical behavior of concrete affected by alkali-aggregate reaction
Authors: Ferreira Anna Paula Guida , Farage Michèle Cristina Resende , Barbosa Flávio de Souza
Published: April 2013

Alkali-Aggregate Reaction (AAR) is a major cause of chemical damage in concrete structures, especially those exposed to moisture, leading to cracking, excessive strains and stress formation. This work presents the results of a numerical study where the mechanical behaviour of AAR attained structures is simulated under the assumption of coupling between confinement stresses and the reaction.
Effect of type cement on the mechanical strength of copper slag mortars
Authors: Nazer Amin , Pavez Osvaldo , Toledo Ithamar
Published: April 2013

Copper slag is a massive metallurgist waste. Annual production rises up to 24.6 million tons, approximately, and the main environmental impact derived from slag disposal is the usage of great soil extensions and the resulting visual contamination of the landscape. Along time, copper slag has been used in the manufacture of concrete and cement mortars. Thus, with the aim of verifying binder-type influence in the final hardness of mortars, two types of cement were used: regular cement and high initial resistance cement. Copper slag was characterized from the chemical, mineralogical and grading viewpoints. Official Chilean regulations were used in the applied methodology for the determination of some important slag parameters. Compression and flexural strength trials were carried out on cement mortars in specialized laboratories. The obtained results showed that mortars manufactured with copper slag presented a better resistance to compression and flexural strength than mortars manufactured with normal sand, and those made with high initial resistance cement were even better. It can be concluded from this work that copper slag offers optimal mechanical characteristics to be used in the manufacturing of cement mortars, becoming a sustainable and adequate alternative material for usage in the construction industry.
Impact in long-term planning of optimization algorithms and mineral deposit geometry
Authors: Candido Mateus Toniolo , Peroni Rodrigo de Lemos , Hilário Daniel
Published: April 2013

The main objective of mine planning is to determine ore quantity and quality distribution along a time sequence, i.e., scheduling the ore necessary to make the project technically and economically feasible. These temporal sequences are fundamental for the financial success of a mining activity and currently this optimal sequence can be obtained through various mining software. Most studies in mine planning present the final pit calculated by only one algorithm chosen by the mining engineer or simply by availability. Besides, technical constraints and geometrical aspects can be imposed promoting differences on the results of the project. There are many algorithms implemented in various commercial software for the ultimate pit calculation. One of the purposes of this work is to check the effectiveness of the algorithms that obtained greater recognition within the mineral industry and if there are differences related to the type of mineralization and deposit where they are applied. The comparison is performed using two commercial software, and two different algorithms to determine if differences can be observed from the different mineralization types. The implementation of the two algorithms in three-dimensional block models estimated and analyzed for three types of deposits: a massive disseminated copper orebody, a large igneous phosphate deposit and a subvertical gold vein type.
Pioderma Gangrenoso: um Artigo de Revisão
Authors: Konopka Clóvis Luíz , Padulla Geórgia Andrade , Ortiz Michele Purper , Beck Anderson Kahl , Bitencourt Mariana Rechia , Dalcin Diogo Chagas
Published: April 2013

O pioderma gangrenoso (PG) é uma dermatose crônica com características peculiares e de etiologia desconhecida, muitas vezes de difícil diagnóstico. Manifesta-se através de lesões cutâneas ulceradas e dolorosas com evolução rápida e progressiva, mais comumente em membros inferiores. As ulcerações podem surgir espontaneamente ou depois de variados tipos de trauma. O período entre o início das lesões e o diagnóstico correto costuma ser prolongado. Não existe nenhum tratamento padronizado ou algoritmo simples para a escolha da terapia. Neste artigo, os autores fazem uma ampla revisão da literatura atual acerca da fisiopatologia, do diagnóstico e do tratamento desta patologia através de análise sistemática das referências bibliográficas atuais nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, Medline e Lilacs.
Aneurisma da artéria carótida interna
Authors: Hafner Ludvig , Almeida Marcelo José de , Moreno José Bitu , Uvo Sílvio Antonio Bertachi , Nunes Amauri Porto , Utida Róvelton , Uchôa Patrícia , Frejuelo Marília
Published: April 2013

Os aneurismas de artéria carótida interna (ACI) extracraniana são raros. Há poucos relatos na literatura médica quanto à sua etiologia, relacionando-os à doença aterosclerótica, às arterites e alterações decorrentes do trauma ou após procedimento cirúrgico. A história natural da doença ainda não está bem estabelecida. Entretanto, o potencial risco de embolia originário do aneurisma ou mesmo de sua ruptura indica necessidade de intervenção. Apresentamos o relato de caso de uma mulher de 71 anos diagnosticada com aneurisma de 3 cm de diâmetro da ACI extracraniana direita com queixas de cefaleia pulsátil. Após tentativa sem sucesso de tratamento endovascular, optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico com aneurismectomia e anastomose primária término-terminal próximo à base do crânio.
Tratamento endovascular de aneurisma de aorta abdominal em paciente com rim em ferradura: relato de caso
Authors: Silvestre José Manoel da Silva , Schimit Gustavo Teixeira Fulton , Sardinha Wander Eduardo , Silvestre Guilherme da Silva , Tenório Guilon Otávio Santos , Trevisan Fernando Barbosa
Published: April 2013

O rim em ferradura é uma das anomalias urológicas congênitas mais comuns e está presente em cerca de 0,12% dos pacientes com aneurisma de aorta abdominal. O reparo cirúrgico convencional está associado a dificuldades técnicas que provavelmente aumentam a morbidade e a mortalidade, mas que podem ser evitadas com o tratamento endovascular. Relatamos um caso de um paciente de 64 anos com rim em ferradura e aneurisma de aorta abdominal, que foi submetido ao reparo endovascular do aneurisma com sucesso.
Remarks on the morphology and distribution of some rare centric diatoms in southern Brazilian continental shelf and slope waters
Authors: Garcia Marinês , Odebrecht Clarisse
Published: April 2013

This paper provides information on the morphology and occurrence of extant diatoms of the family Asterolampraceae and Azpeitia species of the southernmost Brazilian continental shelf and slope waters in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (28 -34ºS), under the influence of Tropical, Subtropical, Subantarctic Waters, terrestrial discharges from La Plata River and Lagoa dos Patos lagoon. Plankton was sampled (20 µm net; vertical hauls) at the same 27 stations in winter 2005 and summer 2007. Among Asterolampraceae, Asteromphalus flabellatus was the most frequent species (57% of samples) observed mainly in winter samples (92%) in Subtropical Shelf Water but also under the influence of La Plata River plume (salinity <35). Lower frequencies were observed for Asterolampra marylandica, Asteromphalus elegans, Asteromphalus heptactis and Spatangidium arachne. Four species of Azpeitia were observed: A. barronii and A. neocrenulata for the first time in the South Atlantic Ocean while A. africana and A. nodulifer had already been registered in equatorial and southern areas of Brazil. All Azpeitia species were rare (19%) in offshore samples (100-200 m depth. Remarks on the morphology based on light and scanning electron microcopy observations are provided along with their distribution in the study area.
As (des)construções de gênero e sexualidade no recreio escolar
Authors: Wenetz Ileana , Stigger Marco Paulo , Meyer Dagmar Estermann
Published: April 2013

Neste estudo, a partir das vertentes dos Estudos Culturais e de Gênero que se aproximam do pós-estruturalismo de Foucault, procuramos compreender como são atribuídos significados de gênero que constituem modos diferenciados de ser menino ou menina no espaço do recreio de uma escola pública de Porto Alegre, no Brasil. Através de um trabalho etnográfico que teve a duração de um ano e com realização de entrevistas com crianças, focalizamos uma segunda e uma terceira série do ensino fundamental e identificamos uma aprendizagem não-oficial e não-intencional que ocorre nas brincadeiras das crianças, onde elas aprendem formas de ser meninos e meninas. Neste contexto, percebemos que existe uma ocupação dos espaços do pátio da escola segundo o gênero, que inclui diferentes maneiras de ocupação e negociação configurando uma geografia do gênero. Também observamos uma construção da sexualidade na escola, na qual a homossexualidade é circunscrita em detrimento da norma da heterossexualidade.
Produção acadêmica sobre dança nos periódicos nacionais de Educação Física
Authors: Muglia-Rodrigues Barbara , Correia Walter Roberto
Published: April 2013

O presente estudo visou identificar e analisar a produção do conhecimento relativo ao fenômeno dança no contexto dos periódicos científicos nacionais de Educação Física no período de 2000 a 2010. Foram explorados títulos e resumos de artigos publicados em seis periódicos. Os artigos encontrados foram enquadrados em cinco categorias e os resultados obtidos foram: dos 2362 artigos publicados, 67 (2,84%) abordaram dança. Desses, 38,81% na área dos Estudos Socioculturais do Movimento Humano, 34,33% na Pedagogia do Movimento Humano - dentre os quais, 65,22% tratam do âmbito escolar -, 14,93% na Biodinâmica do Movimento Humano e 5,97% em cada uma das áreas Adaptação do Movimento Humano e Comportamento Motor. Esses resultados foram discutidos em relação à necessidade da elaboração de uma produção acadêmica que explore a multidimensionalidade do fenômeno dança em âmbitos inter e multidisciplinares, favorecendo uma aproximação acadêmica e profissional entre os protagonistas da Dança e da Educação Física.
Lealdade em compras online versus offline: reflexões sobre os fatores relevantes
Authors: Gouvêa Maria Aparecida , Oliveira Braulio , Nakagawa Sandra Sayuri Yamashita
Published: April 2013

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar aspectos relevantes para a lealdade dos clientes ao fornecedor e ao canal de comercialização, especificamente nas possíveis diferenças entre os que compram e os que não compram por meio da Internet. Para tanto, além da revisão da literatura pertinente, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com 30 compradores de livros, CDs e DVDs. Os resultados indicam que os maiores atrativos do canal online são a praticidade e a comodidade e, como fatores desestimulantes, a confiabilidade e os aspectos financeiros relativos. Em relação à lealdade ao fornecedor, no canal físico, foram citados o atendimento dos vendedores, a localização da loja/facilidade de acesso, a satisfação com experiência anterior de compra e a competitividade de preços. No canal online, os aspectos mais importantes foram a satisfação com a experiência anterior de compra, a disponibilidade das informações sobre produtos e a competitividade de preços.
Musgos dos Estados de Alagoas, Bahia, Pernambuco e Sergipe, Brasil, depositados no herbário SP
Authors: Yano Olga , Peralta Denilson Fernandes , Bordin Juçara
Published: April 2013

Durante o estudo dos musgos depositados no herbário SP foram identificados 223 táxons de Bryophyta para os Estados de Alagoas, Bahia, Pernambuco e Sergipe. Os táxons estão distribuídos em 97 gêneros e 38 famílias. Destes, 86 são novas citações para pelo menos um dos estados. Daltonia pulvinata Mitt., Eccremidium exiguum (Hook. f. & Wilson) Wilson ex Salm. e Ephemerum capense Müll. Hal. são novas referências para o Brasil.
Criptógamos do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP: Pteridophyta: 21. Tectariaceae
Authors: Prado Jefferson , Hirai Regina Yoshie
Published: April 2013

Neste trabalho são apresentados os dados referentes ao levantamento florístico da família Tectariaceae no Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI) que está representada na área por três gêneros (Ctenitis, Lastreopsis e Megalastrum) e sete espécies: três de Ctenitis (C. aspidioides (C. Presl) Copel., C. distans (Brack) Ching e C. falciculata (Raddi) Ching), uma de Lastreopsis (L. amplissima (C. Presl) Tindale) e três de Megalastrum (M. albidum R.C. Moran et al., M. connexum (Kaulf.) A.R. Sm. & R.C. Moran e M. crenulans (Fée) A.R. Sm. & R.C. Moran). São apresentadas chaves para identificação dos gêneros e espécies, bem como descrições, distribuição geográfica, comentários e ilustrações para alguns dos táxons estudados.
Changes in leaf water potential and photosynthesis of Bauhinia forficata Link under water deficit and after rehydration
Authors: Sanches Rodrigo Fazani Esteves , Silva Emerson Alves da
Published: April 2013

To evaluate the influence of different intensities of water deficit and rehydration on water relations and gas exchanges of Bauhinia forficata Link, plants were grown in a greenhouse for three months under the following water regimes: daily watered (control) and watered every 7 (7D) and 15 days (15D) returning to daily watering on 7D and 15D treatments at 75 days of the experiment. Aiming to evaluate short-term responses to re-hydration, plants of 7D and 15D treatments were re-watered 2 days before measurements and sampling was carried out at the 45th day of experiment. At fortnightly intervals (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days) soil moisture (Usoil), leaf water potential (Ψwf), photosynthesis in response to photosynthetically active radiation (A × PPFD) to obtain the maximum net photosynthesis (Amax), and light saturation point (PARsat) were evaluated. The water deficit has affected water relations and photosynthesis with the lowest values observed in the treatments Usoil 7D, and 15D respectively, coinciding with the lowest Ψwf and Amax. Changes in PARsat in response to water deficit were observed showing mean values of 665, 275 and 254 µmol photons m-2 s-1 in control, 7D and 15D respectively. The return of daily watering after 75 days of experiment, promoted the recovery of Amax (7.8 and 9.6 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1) and PARsat (588 and 643 µmol photons m-2 s-1) in 7D and 15D respectively with values higher than control plants (4.7 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1 and 631 µmol photons m-2 s-1), suggesting a strong dependence of photosynthesis of Bauhinia forficata to the soil water availability.
Health and physiological quality of corn seeds treated with fungicides and assessed during storage
Authors: Matos Christiano de Sousa Machado de , Barrocas Ellen Noly , Machado José da Cruz , Alves Francisco Cardoso
Published: April 2013

At post-harvest period, quality of corn seeds may be influenced by several important factors such as: presence of harmful microorganisms, chemical treatments, host species genotype and storage conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of corn seeds, hybrids 2B 688 and 2B 710, with high incidence of fungus Fusarium verticillioides and treated with mixtures of fungicides thiophanate-methyl + pyraclostrobin (50 mL a.i .100 kg-1 of seeds) and carbendazim + thiram + micronutrients (100 mL a.i .100 kg-1 of seeds) during six months storage. Performance assessments of seeds were carried out at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days storage. The incidence of F. verticillioides, as well as physiological quality, germination, vigor, stand of plants, emergence speed index, and dry matter weight were assessed. It has been verified that seed treatment with fungicide mixtures was efficient for ensuring seed physiological quality of both genotypes and to reduce incidence of F. verticillioides on treated seeds. By contrast, analysis between treatments with fungicides, within each period assessed and each treatment as compared to control along storage period was verified clear benefits on emergence of seeds after treatment with fungicides.
Incidence of storage fungi and hydropriming on soybean seeds
Authors: Costa Denis Santiago da , Bonassa Nathalie , Novembre Ana Dionisia da Luz Coelho
Published: April 2013

Priming is a technique applicable to seeds of various plant species; however, for soybean seed there is little available information correlating such technique to the storage fungi. The objective of this study was to assess hydropriming on soybeans seeds and correlate this technique to occurrence of such fungi. For this, soon after acquisition the soybean seeds, cv. M-SOY 7908 RR, were characterized by: moisture content, mechanical damage, viability (seed germination and seedling emergence) and seed health. A completely randomized experimental design was used with treatments arranged into a factorial scheme 2 × 2 [2 levels of incidence of storage fungi (low and high) × 2 hydropriming (with and without) ]. After application of treatments, the seeds were analyzed by: moisture content, viability (seed germination and seedling emergence) and vigor (first count and accelerated aging). The hydropriming is beneficial to improve the quality of soybean seeds with low incidence of storage fungi, with increments on speed germination (first count) and seed germination after accelerated aging test. The high incidence of microorganisms can reduce the hydropriming benefits.
Alterations in seed reserves of Dalbergia nigra ((Vell.) Fr All. ex Benth.) during hydration
Authors: Ataíde Glauciana da Mata , Borges Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e , Gonçalves José Francisco de Carvalho , Guimarães Valéria Monteze , Flores Andressa Vasconcelos , Bicalho Elisa Monteze
Published: April 2013

Seed imbibitions is the first stage of the germination process and is characterized by the hydration of tissues and cells and the activation and/or induction of the enzymes responsible for mobilizing reserves for respiration and the construction of new cell structures. The objective of this study was to investigate the alterations in reserve substances during slow hydration of Bahia Rosewood (Dalbergia nigra) seeds in water. Seeds from two different lots (Lot I and II) were placed in saturated desiccators (95-99% RH) to hydrate at 15 and 25 °C until water contents of 10, 15, 20 and 25% were reached. At each level of hydration, changes in lipid reserves, soluble carbohydrates, starch and soluble proteins were evaluated. The mobilization of reserves was similarly assessed in both lots, with no differences being observed between the two hydration temperatures. Lipid contents showed little variation during hydration, while the contents of soluble carbohydrates and starch decreased after the 15% water content level. Soluble proteins showed a gradual tendency to decrease between the control (dry seeds) up to 25% water content.
Viability of Inga vera Willd. subsp. affinis (DC.) T. D. Penn. embryos according to the maturation stage, fungal incidence, chemical treatment and storage
Authors: Parisi João José Dias , Biagi João Domingos , Barbedo Cláudio José , Medina Priscila Fratin
Published: April 2013

The main strategies for conserving Inga vera seeds during storage consist of their partial dehydration and low temperatures. However, such storage conditions can lead to further deterioration of the seed, either from its own metabolism or the development of microorganisms favored by moisture. In this study, the relationship between fungi and the conservation of I. vera embryos with different levels of hydration and maturity was studied, together with the efficiency of treating with carboxin + thiram (300 mL / 100 kg of embryos) for fungus control. Embryos were collected at two stages (immature and mature) and subjected to two drying levels. A sample of embryos from each stage and drying level was treated with carboxin + thiram. Embryos were then stored at 7 or 25 °C for up to 65 days. It was found that undried, mature embryos have a higher physiological quality than the immature ones after storage at 7 °C for 65 days. The carboxin + thiram treatment is phytotoxic for dried embryos. "Field" fungi develop according to the degree of embryo deterioration, differing from the classic pattern defined for orthodox seeds.
Substrates for germination and physiological quality of storage seeds of Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan
Authors: Gasparin Ezequiel , Araujo Maristela Machado , Tolfo Caira Vinãs , Foltz Douglas Rodrigo Becker , Magistrali Paulo Roberto
Published: April 2013

"Angico-vermelho" [Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan] is an arboreal forestal species native from Brazil used for rural constructions, firewood, charcoal, and forest restoration programs; however it is little studied in regard to seed technology. Thus, the objective of this study was assessing different substrates for conducting tests of germination and physiological quality of seeds stored under different environments and packings for 420 days. Firstly, the most suitable substrate for the germination test was identified and subsequently the seeds were stored into three different types of packings (paper, plastic and glass) and three different environmental conditions (cold chamber, refrigerator and laboratory). Seed samples from each storage condition were removed at every 60 days for evaluating moisture content, germination and vigor (electrical conductivity test). A completely randomized experimental design was used with treatments arranged into a split-plot design for storage periods. It was found that the germination test can be conducted using between the sand as substrate, with the first count of emergence of seedlings performed at the fourth day and the final counting at 10 days after seeding. That seeds can be stored preferably in refrigerator into paper packings, although packings of plastic and/or glass are also suitable.
Activities of α-galactosidase and polygalacturonase during hydration of Dalbergia nigra ((Vell.) Fr All. ex Benth.) seeds at different temperatures
Authors: Ataíde Glauciana da Mata , Borges Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e , Gonçalves José Francisco de Carvalho , Guimarães Valéria Monteze , Bicalho Elisa Monteze , Flores Andressa Vasconcelos
Published: April 2013

Germination is a process that begins with seed water uptake, stimulating enzyme synthesis or activating enzymes already present. The objective of this study was to evaluate variations in monosaccharide reserves and the activities of the α-galactosidase and polygalacturonase enzymes during the hydration of two lots of Dalbergia nigra (Bahia Rosewood) seeds. Seeds from different origins constituted the two lots I and II, classified as high and low vigor, respectively. Both lots were placed in desiccators with a high relative humidity to hydrate and at 15 and 25 °C until levels of 10, 15, 20 and 25% moisture levels in seeds were reached. The seed cotyledons were analyzed for the quantity of monosaccharides and enzyme activity. The control had higher concentrations of xylose and rhamnose, which decreased during hydration until the 15% level was reached, after which concentrations increased again in both lots. Lot I, with a superior quality, showed higher glucose synthesis and degradation during seed hydration. Both enzymes were pre-existing since activity was already present in the seeds without imbibition. The polygalacturonase enzyme increased and the α-galactosidase enzyme remained relatively constant during seed hydration.
Broadband unidirectional ultrasound propagation using sonic crystal and nonlinear medium
Authors: Sinha Dipen N. , Pantea Cristian
Published: April 2013

The development of a passive, sonic crystal-based device with unusual properties is reported in this study. This device combines a 1D sonic crystal, a nonlinear medium and an acoustic low-pass filter to allow unidirectional broadband ultrasound propagation as a collimated beam for specialized underwater communication. The signal (220–400 kHz) to be transmitted is first amplitude modulated with a high-frequency ultrasonic carrier wave (2·7–3·25 MHz) and applied to one side of the device. The device then demodulates this signal, and consequently, the original low-frequency signal appears as a collimated beam on the other side. The sonic crystal provides a band-pass acoustic filter through which the high-frequency ultrasonic signal can pass through, and the nonlinear medium then demodulates the signal and also generates the low-frequency sound beam through the parametric array concept. The low-pass filter strips off any remaining high-frequency components and also contributes to the unidirectional property of the device. Design details of the device and experimental data are presented.
Truss rail method for punching shear strength of flat-plate slab-column using high-strength lightweight concrete
Authors: Ko Dongwoo , Choi Heebok
Published: April 2013

Large construction companies in Korea are particularly interested in technical solutions for high-rise buildings. In particular they are looking for ways to maximise economy by reducing the dead load and increasing the height of storeys in buildings. To achieve this, a flat-plate system using high-strength lightweight concrete has been proposed. To solve the weakness of the brittle failure of lightweight concrete as well as punching shear of the flat-plate system, this study developed a new shear reinforcement method. According to the shear reinforcement method and pitch intervals of shear reinforcement bar, the new method was assessed according to the first cracking load (Pcr) and displacement (δcr), the maximum load (Pmax) and maximum displacement (δmax), ductility index, reserved shear strength, economic feasibility and ease of construction. The test results indicate that with the new method, the specimen showed better shear performance and ductility effect in high-strength lightweight concrete than in normal concrete. Compared to the existing shear reinforcement method, the new method enhanced both shear strength and ductility effect as the pitch interval decreased. The truss rail method was able to reduce the quantity required and the production costs, while also improving construction efficiency.
Do Men and Women Differ in Their Perceptions of Stalking: An Exploratory Study Among College Students
Authors: Lambert Eric G. , Smith Brad , Geistman James , Cluse-Tolar Terry , Jiang Shanhe
Published: April 2013

Stalking is a crime that can terrify its victims and ultimately take a severe emotional toll. Although a growing body of research has examined stalking experiences and reactions of victims, there has been far less research on whether men and women differ in their perceptions of stalking. Toward this end, a survey of college students at a large public 4-year Midwestern university was undertaken. We examined differences in how men and women view stalking and whether gender differences were moderated by prior stalking experience. Specifically, we examined whether there were gender differences in perceptions of the pervasiveness of stalking, the harm stalking does, who tends to be stalked, if stalking mainly involves former relational partners, possible motivations for stalking, the line between courtship and stalking, and notions of victim blaming. We found significant differences in stalking views between men and women on all the measures, except for perceptions of the line between courtship and stalking. Women tended to perceive stalking as more pervasive and harmful. Men were more likely to perceive stalking as involving strangers and to blame the victim for the stalking. Female and male respondents also differed in their perceptions of motivations for stalking. Prior victim stalking experience did not moderate the gender differences. Although being a prior stalking victim had a significant association with 4 of the 7 stalking perception variables, its effect sizes were smaller than that of gender.
Revictimization and Recovery From Sexual Assault: Implications for Health Professionals
Authors: Ranjbar Vania , Speer Susan A.
Published: April 2013

Twenty-seven adult females’ responses from an online qualitative questionnaire were analyzed to explore their views on being recovered from an experience of sexual assault, and identify aspects of their postassault health service encounters that facilitated or impeded their recovery process. Being recovered involved accepting the experience, being freed from negative states, regaining control and trust, and receiving help from and being believed by others. Participants predominantly reported negative experiences with health services. Factors perceived as impeding the recovery process include health professionals’ inexperience in dealing with survivors of sexual assault, adhering to rape myths and stereotypes, and disrespectful or inconsiderate treatment of survivors. We argue that these postassault negative experiences revictimized survivors. Addressing these factors may reduce revictimization, facilitate recovery, and decrease assaulted women’s long-term use of health services.
The Mediating Role of Social Support, Cognitive Appraisal, and Quality Health Care in Black Mothers’ Stress-Resilience Process Following Loss to Gun Violence
Authors: Bailey Annette , Sharma Manoj , Jubin Michelle
Published: April 2013

Although much attention has been granted to the perpetrators and victims of gun violence, limitations exist in our understanding of the psychological well-being of parents grieving children lost to gun violence. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of social support, cognitive appraisal, and quality health care on the relationship between traumatic stress and resilience among Black mothers bereaving children to gun violence. A cross-sectional design and network sampling method were used to recruit 48 Black mothers living in a large Canadian city. Participants completed a survey either by phone or in person. Social support and positive appraisal were found to be protective factors of resilience for study participants. The traumatic stress experienced by the sample decreased with increased social support (β = −.291, p = .045), leading to an increase of their resilience (β = .297, p = .032). With positive appraisal of the loss, the stress levels of study participants decreased (β = −.334, p = .023), leading to increased resilience (β = .441, p = .003). Quality health care showed a significant positive relationship with the resilience of the women (β = .313, p = .023) but did not mediate the relationship between their stress and resilience. For Black mothers who experience loss of a child to gun violence, policy and social change efforts should focus on strengthening their access to formal and informal supports and improving their abilities to find meaning in their loss.
“You Just Don’t Report That Kind of Stuff”: Investigating Teens’ Ambivalence Toward Peer-Perpetrated, Unwanted Sexual Incidents
Authors: Weiss Karen G.
Published: April 2013

An investigation of narratives from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) finds that one in three teenagers—12–18 years old—who experience an unwanted sexual incident perpetrated by another teen trivialize their incidents as minor, unimportant, or normal kid stuff. This study contextualizes these responses within a framework of ambivalence that highlights separately teens’ambiguity of definitions, or uncertainty that incidents perpetrated by other teens (especially dating partners and schoolmates) are “real” crimes or offenses worth reporting, andadaptive indifference, a more tactical response to conflicting norms and allegiances that discourage teens from reporting their peers’ sexual misconduct to authorities. The context and consequences of teens’ ambivalence are discussed.
Symptom Responses to a Continuum of Sexual Trauma
Authors: Carretta Carrie M. , Burgess Ann W.
Published: April 2013

This study reports the findings of an anonymous web-based survey to test differences in symptom presentation (depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) among women who experienced different types of sexual trauma (forcible, pressured, sex stress). The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design with an online convenience sample of 243 adult females living primarily in the United States. The findings revealed that there was a statistically significant difference among type of sexual trauma groups for depression (p = .013) and PTSD (p = .044) but not for anxiety (p = .183). Post hoc analysis of the overall difference in depression revealed that the multiple rape type group (p = .010) and the forcible sex group (p = .016) had higher levels of depression.
Well Water in Karst Regions of Northeastern Wisconsin Contains Estrogenic Factors, Nitrate, and Bacteria
Authors: Bauer Angela C. , Wingert Sarah , Fermanich Kevin J. , Zorn Michael E.
Published: April 2013

Well water in karst regions is particularly susceptible to contamination by various nonpoint source pollutants such as nitrate, fecal bacteria, and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). This study analyzed 40 wells in heavily farmed karst areas of northeastern Wisconsin to determine whether these and other pollutants are present, and if so, whether their presence is (1) correlated with other contaminants and (2) exhibits seasonal variation. Nitrate, bacteria, and estrogenicity (indicating the presence of EDCs) were present in at least some of well water samples collected over the course of four time periods between the summers of 2008 and 2009. Although estrogenicity was greatest during the summer months, bacterial contamination was most prevalent during snowmelt. Levels of estrogenicity present in some well water samples approached a threshold concentration that is known to exert endocrine disruption in wildlife. Strong correlations between estrogenicity and other water quality parameters were not found.
Avoiding Digester Upset
Authors: Thompson Phillip L. , Jiencke Frederick W. , Reinhart Shawn W. , Reha Meghan E. , Byrne Samuel S.
Published: April 2013

The acetate uptake bioassay (AUB) is a predictive measure for determining the stability of anaerobic digesters, but its use is rare due to the limited availability of gas chromatography equipment at wastewater treatment facilities. A water displacement system was compared and evaluated as an alternative to gas chromatography analysis for conducting the AUB. Results indicated that methane generation rates measured by the two methods were statistically the same. Precision of the method varied by less than 5%. Accuracy was quantified by measuring near stoichiometric volumes of carbon dioxide gas production from abiotic tests using sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. The method detection limit (MDL) was 0.6 mL. The effective use of a water displacement system as a surrogate for gas chromatography analysis could make the adoption of the AUB for predicting digester stability a practical option for treatment facilities.
Interpretation and Apportionment Source of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Neighboring Rivers in Dapeng Bay (Taiwan)
Authors: Chung Chung‐Yi , Lai Wen‐Liang , Gau Hwa‐Sheng , Liao Shao‐Wei
Published: April 2013

The contents of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and surface sediment properties were analyzed from 31 locations in Dapeng Bay and neighboring rivers (i.e., Kaoping River, Tungkang River, and Lingbeng River) in Taiwan. Principal component factor analysis (PCFA) showed that the most important latent factors are the soil‐texture‐caused factor, the PAHs‐caused factor, and the nutrient‐caused factor. Contour maps incorporating factor scores showed that phenanthrene and pyrene of PAHs had the highest content at the entrance of the northern side of the lagoon. Benzo(a)pyrene had the highest content located in the midsection of the Kaoping River and in Dapeng Bay. Moreover, canonical discriminant analysis shows that sediment quality in Dapeng Bay was not similar to the other three rivers. The methodologies and results provide useful information on watershed management and may be applicable to other basins with similar properties that are experiencing similar coastal environmental issues.
Distribution ofNitrosomonas‐Related Ammonia‐Oxidizing Bacteria andNitrobacter‐Related Nitrite‐Oxidizing Bacteria in Two Full‐Scale Biological Nutrient Removal Plants
Authors: Ramdhani Nishani , Kumari Sheena , Bux Faizal
Published: April 2013

The dominant nitrifying bacterial communities and nitrification performance of two biological nutrient removal plants were evaluated. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to detect and quantify the dominant nitrifying bacteria and polymerase chain reaction; cloning and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes was done for phylogenetic analysis. Fluorescent in situ hybridization‐confocal scanning laser microscopy studies revealed the presence and dominance ofNitrosomonas‐related ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) andNitrobacter‐related nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (NOB); however, a significant variation in AOB/NOB ratios was recorded. The plant with an overall higher AOB/NOB ratio (≥1.0) and dissolved oxygen concentration (1.8 to 2.5 mg/L) showed a higher nitrification rate. This study has also shown the co‐existence and variation in phylogenetically diverseNitrosomonas‐related AOB andNitrobacter‐related NOB at these two plants. These dissimilar, distinct distribution patterns of nitrifying communities could be attributed to wastewater characteristics and the process configuration, which, in turn, would have also affected the nitrification performance of the systems.
Water Quality Assessment and Hydrochemical Characteristics of Shallow Groundwater in Eastern Chancheng District, Foshan, China
Authors: Huang Guanxing , Chen Zongyu , Sun Jichao
Published: April 2013

Groundwater quality is the critical factor that affects human health and the quality of industrial products in Foshan City, South China. Multivariate statistical techniques, including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), were applied to evaluate and interpret the complex groundwater quality in eastern Chancheng district, Foshan City. During the dry and wet seasons, 60% and 11% of the total groundwater samples (respectively) are suitable for drinking purposes; other samples can be used for drinking after being treated for pH, Fe, Mn, Al, NH4, and NO3. Similarly, during the dry and wet seasons, 75% and 33% of the total groundwater samples (respectively) are suitable for industrial purposes; other samples can be used for industrial purposes after being treated for NH4 and NO3. Five principal components are extracted from PCA and used to explain 81.78% of the variance in groundwater. The indicators to groundwater quality assessment are EC, Na, Cl, Fe, Mn, NH4, pH, Eh, PO4, HCO3, and K from PCA. HCA reveals that groundwater samples in the study area can be classified into three groups: one reflecting the interaction of groundwater and sediment medium along with the role of cation exchange; another reflecting the role of anion exchange between phosphate and carbonate; and the final reflecting the reducing environment.
Foaming Phenomenon in Bench‐Scale Anaerobic Digesters
Authors: Siebels Amanda M. , Long Sharon C.
Published: April 2013

The Madison Metropolitan Sewerage District (The District) in Madison, Wisconsin has been experiencing seasonal foaming in their anaerobic biosolids digesters, which has occurred from mid‐November to late June for the past few years. The exact cause(s) of foaming is unknown. Previous research findings are unclear as to whether applications of advanced anaerobic digestion processes reduce the foaming potential of digesters. The object of this study was to investigate how configurations of thermophilic and acid phase‐thermophilic anaerobic digestion would affect foaming at the bench‐scale level compared to single stage mesophilic digestion for The District. Bench‐scale anaerobic digesters were fed with a 4 to 4.5% by dry weight of solids content blend of waste activated sludge (WAS) and primary sludge from The District. Foaming potential was monitored using Alka‐Seltzer and aeration foaming tests. The bench‐scale acid phase‐thermophilic digester had a higher foaming potential than the bench‐scale mesophilic digester. These results indicate that higher temperatures increase the foaming potential of the bench‐scale anaerobic digesters. The bench‐scale acid phase‐thermophilic digesters had a greater percent (approximately 5 to 10%) volatile solids destruction and a greater percent (approximately 5 to 10%) total solids destruction when compared to the bench‐scale mesophilic digester. Overall, for the full‐scale foaming experienced by The District, it appears that adding an acid phase or switching to thermophilic digestion would not alleviate The District's foaming issues.
Effect of Type 1 Diabetes on Carotid Structure and Function in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Urbina Elaine M. , Dabelea Dana , D’Agostino Ralph B. , Shah Amy S. , Dolan Lawrence M. , Hamman Richard F. , Daniels Stephen R. , Marcovina Santica , Wadwa R. Paul
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE

Type 1 diabetes mellitus causes increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in adults. We evaluated IMT in young subjects with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Participants with type 1 diabetes (N = 402) were matched to controls (N = 206) by age, sex, and race or ethnicity. Anthropometric and laboratory values, blood pressure, and IMT were measured. ANCOVA was used to assess differences controlling for demographic risk factors, cardiovascular risk factors, and HbA1c.

RESULTS

Subjects were 18.9 ± 3.3 years old (50% male, 82.7% non-Hispanic white). Youth with type 1 diabetes had thicker bulb IMT, which remained significantly different after adjustment for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. Age, sex, adiposity, and systolic blood pressure were consistent significant determinants of IMT. Adjustment for HbA1c eliminated the difference, suggesting the difference was attributable to poor glycemic control.

CONCLUSIONS

Carotid IMT may be increased in youth with type 1 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Better control of diabetes may be essential in preventing progression of atherosclerosis.