bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Key lessons to maintain continuous improvement: A case study of four companies
Authors: Paipa-Galeano Luis , Bernal-Torres César A. , Agudelo Otálora Luís Mauricio , Jarrah Nezhad Yavar , González-Blanco Heither A.
Published: March 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the conditions under which continuous improvement practices are developed and to determine what success factors and barriers affect the sustainability of these practices in order to establish strategies that reduce the risk of failure of improvement proposals in companies.Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents a rigorous review of the success factors and barriers in the implementation of continuous improvement models in companies and a multiple case study in which four successful companies located in Bogota, Colombia, were compared using Bessant's maturity model.Findings: The results suggest the existence of systematic improvement processes in the four companies analysed in favour of the improvement of business competitiveness. After a convergence exercise between the success factors identified in the literature and the routines of the evaluation model used to identify the maturity of the companies in terms of improvement, five strategic fronts were identified to achieve sustainable improvement proposals:(1)have management commit to the improvement and guarantee resources, (2) define a methodology to implement, (3) facilitate and systematize the information on the interventions, (4) design training programs and incentives to encourage employee involvement, and (5) generate a verification and control system to provide real-time feedback on the progress of the improvement actions.Research limitations/implications: This research paper was limited by the analysis of four large Colombian companies, which did not allow the generalizability of findings. Therefore, the study offers interesting insights on the empirical evidence on the lessons learned from continuous improvement practices in order to support managers on better decision making and for the academics on better understanding continuous improvement drivers.Originality/value: The present investigation provides a conceptual framework for future studies related to the sustainability of continuous improvement in industry, approaching this topic from a theoretical and practical perspective.
Approaches of the Albanian Folkloristic in Kosovo: Background, Researches, Publications
Authors: Dushi Arbnora
Published: March 2020

The aim of the article on disciplinary trends in Albanian folkloristic in Kosovo is to offer an overview of folkloristic orientations and impacts related to the social and political status of Albanians in the former Yugoslavia, respectively in Kosovo. The living conditions of Albanians in some Balkan countries have affected the approaches, orientations and schools through which Albanian folklore studies have evolved. In this context, Albanian folklore studies in Kosovo differed from those in Albania during the period under communism when Yugoslavia and Albania had tense or broken diplomatic relations. In this paper, the historical background of the discipline and circumstances of Albanians living in Kosovo are presented. Both had a discernible impact on the research and publications carried out by the Folklore Department at the Institute of Albanology in Prishtina, as the only institution for the scientific research of Albanian folklore. Its research methodology, paradigms, publications as well as the status of folklore studies today provide an overview of folkloristic in Kosovo.
Evaluation of serum levels of iron, total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation and ferritin in chronic kidney disease patients vs. control group
Authors: Suleiman Hafsatu Maiwada , Amina Mohammed , Abubakar Ibrahim , Rasheed Yusuf , El-Bashir Mohammed Jibril , Manu Mohammed , Jamoh Bello , Bashir Amina Dogara
Published: March 2020

The magnitude of chronic renal disease is enormous, as the prevalence of kidney failure is rising. Anaemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that develops early in its course and becomes increasingly severe as the disease progresses. The aim is to evaluate the serum level of iron, Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation and ferritin in chronic kidney disease population in Zaria and control subjects. This study was conducted at ABUTH Zaria were 125 patients in various stages of CKD who presented at the nephrology clinic and equal number of apparently healthy age and sex matched controls were recruited. The mean (SD) age of patient and controls were 48 (14) years. These were made up of 53.6% males, and 46.4% females. Mean values of serum creatinine significantly higher in the patients (<0.0001). There was no significant difference in the mean values of iron (p=0.32) and TIBC (p=1.29) in both study groups. The patients had a significantly (p˂0.0001) higher mean value for ferritin and TSAT than the control group. There were higher serum creatinine and ferritin values in males than in females while higher serum TIBC, estimated creatinine clearance and iron were observed in females than males. Serum creatinine, ferritin and estimated creatinine clearance of male patients were found to be significantly higher with p-value of 0.002, 0.000 and 0.028 respectively than that of female patients. No significant differences were noted in serum levels of iron, TIBC and TSAT. Serum creatinine, ferritin and TSAT were found to be significantly elevated in CKD patients while serum Iron and TIBC were not.
Persistence of low back/pelvic girdle pains in women after pregnancy: An experience from Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Authors: Rabiu Ayyuba , Usman Mustapha Ibrahim , Abubakar Muhammad Kabir , Daneji Sulaiman Muhammad , Garba Ibrahim , Muhammad Shamsuddeen , Abubakar Idris Sulaiman
Published: March 2020

Persistence of symptoms of low back pains and pelvic girdle pains are frequent complaints after pregnancy. Knowledge of back pain prevention and back education is essential for prevention and relief of persistence pains after delivery. The aim is to determine the factors that are associated with persistence of low back/girdle pains after pregnancy, the severity of the pains and measures undertaken by the patients for alleviation of this chronic condition. The study was a cross sectional survey. Ethics approval was obtained from Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Ethics Committee. Information such as socio demographic characteristics of the clients, persistence and severity of low back pains/pelvic girdle pains after pregnancy and associated risk factors, was asked and documented on a questionnaire. Consecutive, consenting clients were recruited for the survey. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS Version 19. Qualitative data were summarized using frequencies and percentages. χ2 and Fishers’ Exact tests were used, where appropriate, for categorical data. A P value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. During the period, 51 patients with chronic back/pelvic girdle pains or both were recruited. Their mean age (±SD) was 30.9±5.62 years. Bed rest was the most means of relief of low back/pelvic girdle pains. Variables such as advancing age, ethnic group, high parity, educational status and obesity were found to be present and high among patients with persistence of low back/pelvic girdle pains. However, only their employment status was found to be associated with the severity of their pains (χ2 =11.443, P=0.001). The survey showed only employment status was statistically associated with severity of the low back/pelvic girdle pains (χ2 =11.443, P=0.001). Other variables were not associated. There was low knowledge of back pain prevention and back education among the study group.
Chiropractic Rehabilitation Plus Nighttime Bracing for Progressive Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Case-Controlled Series
Authors: Morningstar Mark , Oslin Dan
Published: March 2020

Non-operative treatments for scoliosis include various types of scoliosis-specific exercise therapies, as well as dynamic and rigid spinal orthoses. Although there are many studies evaluating various types of bracing-only constructs for scoliosis treatment, few have evaluated bracing when combined with chiropractic care. The present study analyzed the data of 18 patients from the initiation a chiropractic rehabilitation program combined with nighttime bracing. Patients were managed through the end of growth, and results were compared to baseline. Their collective results were compared to a similar group of previously published patients who participated in the same chiropractic rehabilitation program, but did not perform concurrent bracing treatment. Patients initiating the combined chiropractic and bracing treatment achieved a correction of 6° or more 81% of the time, while the remaining 19% remained within 5° of their baseline measurements. The average curve improvement was 9.4°. This was compared to a correction rate of 51.7%, a stabilization rate of 38.3%, and a progression rate of 10% in the group performing chiropractic rehabilitation only.
Ramosetron versus Palonosetron in Combination with Aprepitant and Dexamethasone for the Control of Highly-Emetogenic Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Kang Jin Hyoung , Kwon Jung Hye , Lee Yun-Gyoo , Park Keon Uk , An Ho Jung , Sohn Joohyuk , Seol Young Mi , Lee Hyunwoo , Yun Hwan-Jung , Ahn Jin Seok , Yang Ji Hyun , Song Hunho , Koo Dong-Hoe , Kim Jin Young , Kim Gun Min , Kim Hwa Jung
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare ramosetron (RAM), aprepitant (APR), and dexamethasone (DEX) [RAD] with palonosetron (PAL), APR, and DEX [PAD] in controlling highly-emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC)–induced nausea and vomiting. Materials and MethodsPatients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive RAD or PAD:RAM (0.3 mg intravenously) or PAL (0.25 mg intravenously) D1, combined with APR (125 mg orally, D1 and 80 mg orally, D2-3) and DEX (12 mg orally or intravenously, D1 and 8 mg orally, D2-4). Patients were stratified by gender, cisplatin-based chemotherapy, and administration schedule. The primary endpoint was overall complete response (CR), defined as no emesis and no rescue regimen during 5 days of HEC. Secondary endpoints were overall complete protection (CP; CR+nausea score < 25 mm) and total control (TC; CR+nausea score < 5 mm). Quality of life was assessed by Functional Living Index Emesis (FLIE) questionnaire on D0 and D6.ResultsA total of 279 patients receiving RAD (n=137) or PAD (n=142) were evaluated. Overall CR rates in RAD and PAD recipients were 81.8% and 79.6% (risk difference [RD], 2.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −7.1 to 11.4), respectively. Overall CP and TC rates for RAD and PAD were 56.2% and 58.5% (RD, −2.3%; 95% CI, −13.9 to 9.4) and 47.5% vs. 43.7% (RD, 3.8%; 95% CI, −7.9 to 15.5), respectively. FLIE total score ≥ 108 (no impact on daily life) was comparable between RAD and PAD (73.9% vs. 73.4%, respectively). Adverse events were similar between the two groups.ConclusionIn all aspects of efficacy, safety and QOL, RAD is non-inferior to PAD for the control of CINV in cancer patients receiving HEC.
Digital Annex of Medium/Heavy-Duty E/E Systems Diagnosis Nomenclature
Authors:   Truck Bus Control and Communications Network Committee
Published: March 2020

This document is intended to supplement SAE J2403 by providing the content of Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 from SAE J2403 in a form that can be sorted and searched for easier use. It is NOT intended as a substitute for the actual document, and any discrepancies between this Digital Annex and the published SAE J2403 document must be resolved in favor of the published document. This document provides the content of Table 1 and Table 2 published in SAE J2403 into the single table in the 'Term' tab, while the 'Recommended Term Definitions' tab provides the content of Table 3 in SAE J2403 and the 'Glossary' tab provides the content of Table 4 in SAE J2403.
Effects of Flexural and Mass Axes Position of Simple Rectangular Wing on Flutter Speed
Authors: Daniel Antony A. , Gopalsamy M. , Pavithra K. , Dinesh Babu R.
Published: March 2020

The flexibility of the modern aircraft structures paves the way for the study of aero elasticity during the verification procedures of aircraft design and stability. The structures of wing will cautiously vibrate, either linearly or non-linearly due to the coupling effect between the aerodynamic, inertial and elastic forces of the wing structure, so the designing of aircraft involves two major aero elastic considerations such as wing torsional divergence and flutter. However, flutter problems are considered from the field of dynamic stability, the modal representation of flutter analysis is done by setting up the lifting surface as a linear ordinary differential equation, then changed to Eigen values and further stability analysis has been done. In order to complete the flutter analysis as an analytical tool, two important aerodynamic theories are taken into account and we identified and solved the classical flutter derivatives by using Eigen value method and also the position of flexural and mass axis of the simple rectangular wing on flutter speed has been analysed.
Performance Simulation for the Supporting Structure of Aero-Engine Rotor in Wide Frequency Domain
Authors: Li Baoxu
Published: March 2020

The inertia load of aero-engine indeterminate rotor support is calculated by the finite element method coupled with plane stress element and Fourier ring element. Without considering the dynamic characteristics of rotorâ€™s supporting structure, the test results are error-prone and inefficient. A new method for testing the supporting structure performance of aero-engine rotor in wide frequency domain is proposed. On this basis, the structural model of the casing-support and the structural model of aero-engine rotor are constructed by substructure modelling method. Combining the two sub-models, the semi-physical simulation model of the vibration of the engine rotorâ€™s supporting structure is obtained. By superimposing the additional dynamic stiffness matrix of the casing-supporting structure at the designated DOF position in the overall stiffness matrix of the finite element model of the rotor structure, the overall stiffness matrix of the aero-engine rotor supporting structure is obtained. The effective stiffness matrix can be used to calculate the structural dynamic characteristics of aero-engine rotor supporting structure. Experiments show that the average error of the proposed method is 0.0023 and the number of units is 7.98 e4. The calculation time and storage space are reduced by 310 minutes and 166 GB respectively compared with the performance test method of rotor support based on finite element analysis, which shows that the proposed method is more efficient and accurate.
Evalaution and Control of Mirror Sliding Friction of Unmanned Ground Vehicle using Radial Basis Neural Network
Authors: Yang Xiaohui , Zhao Jian
Published: March 2020

In order to effectively analyse the mirror sliding friction(MSF) degree of unmanned ground vehicle(UGV) and improve its anti-disturbance performance, a simulation method for MSF degree of UGV based on RBF neural network is proposed. A single-input and double-output RBF neural network is adopted to estimate the uncertain dynamic parameters of the MSF model. The obtained parameters are used to describe the MSF control law based on RBF neural network. An adaptive law based on slow time-varying disturbance characteristics is designed to estimate the total friction disturbance term in the MSF model online. The simulation results show that the proposed method can analyse the MSF degree of unmanned ground vehicle at different speeds and gradients. The influence of gradient on the decline rate of friction degree is greater than that of vehicle speed. The mean error of friction disturbance term calculated by the method is only about 0.9% which has the advantage of low error of friction degree estimation when compared to conventional methods.
An overview on medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid dependence
Authors: Maiti, DPM, DNB Tanay , Das, MD Saibal , Ramasamy, MPharm Anand , Xavier, MD, DM, DNB Alphienes Stanley , Behera, MD, DM Sapan Kumar , Selvarajan, MD, DM, DNB Sandhiya
Published: March 2020

In this article, a broad overview of medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid dependence has been provided. Significant benefits of commonly used drugs (buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone-based regimens) along with the therapeutic aspects of other available options are highlighted. Salient points on each or individual drug therapy, comparison of pharmacological profiles of different drugs, effective clinical practice in different scenarios, relevant drug interactions, and safety issues in various populations have been emphasized. Finally, special issues, such as cost-effectiveness of different medication regimens, community-based approach, dealing with a special population, and upcoming new treatment modalities of MAT have been discussed.
Aerosol pH and liquid water content determine when particulate matter is sensitive to ammonia and nitrate availability
Authors: Nenes Athanasios , Pandis Spyros N. , Weber Rodney J. , Russell Armistead
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH3) from
anthropogenic and biogenic emissions are central contributors to particulate
matter (PM) concentrations worldwide. The response of PM to changes in the
emissions of both compounds is typically studied on a case-by-case basis,
owing in part to the complex thermodynamic interactions of these aerosol
precursors with other PM constituents. Here we present a simple but
thermodynamically consistent approach that expresses the chemical domains of
sensitivity of aerosol particulate matter to NH3 and HNO3
availability in terms of aerosol pH and liquid water content. From our
analysis, four policy-relevant regimes emerge in terms of sensitivity: (i) NH3 sensitive, (ii) HNO3 sensitive, (iii) NH3 and HNO3 sensitive, and (iv) insensitive to NH3 or HNO3. For all regimes, the PM remains sensitive to nonvolatile precursors, such as nonvolatile cations and sulfate. When this framework is applied to ambient measurements or predictions of PM and gaseous precursors, the “chemical regime” of PM sensitivity to NH3 and HNO3 availability is directly determined. The use of these regimes allows for novel insights, and this framework is an important tool to evaluate chemical transport models. With this extended understanding, aerosol pH and associated liquid water content naturally emerge as previously ignored state parameters that drive PM formation.
Impact of environmental changes and land-management practices on wheat production in India
Authors: Gahlot Shilpa , Lin Tzu-Shun , Jain Atul K. , Baidya Roy Somnath , Sehgal Vinay K. , Dhakar Rajkumar
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Spring wheat is a major food crop that is a staple for a large number of people in India and the world. To address the issue of food security, it is essential to understand how productivity of spring wheat changes with changes in environmental conditions and agricultural management practices. The goal of this study is to quantify the role of different environmental factors and management practices on wheat production in India in recent years (1980 to 2016). Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and climate change are identified as two major factors that represent changes in the environment. The addition of nitrogen fertilizers and irrigation practices are the two land-management factors considered in this study. To study the effects of these factors on wheat growth and production, we developed crop growth processes for spring wheat in India and implemented them in the Integrated Science Assessment Model (ISAM), a state-of-the-art land model. The model is able to capture site-level observed crop leaf area index (LAI) and country scale production. Numerical experiments are conducted with the model to quantify the effect of each factor on wheat production on a country scale for India. Our results show that elevated [CO2] levels, water availability through irrigation and nitrogen fertilizers have led to an increase in annual wheat production at 0.68, 0.24 and 0.31 Mt/yr, respectively, averaged over the time period 1980-2016. However, elevated temperatures have reduced the total wheat production at a rate of 0.37 Mt/yr during the study period. Overall, the [CO2], irrigation, fertilizers, and temperature forcings have led to 39 %, 15 %, 20 % and −16 % changes in countrywide production, respectively. The magnitudes of these factors spatially vary across the country thereby affecting production at regional scales. Results show that favourable growing season temperatures, moderate to high fertilizer application, high availability of irrigation facilities, and moderate water demand make the Indo-Gangetic plain the most productive region while the arid northwest region is the least productive due to high temperatures and lack of irrigation facilities to meet the high water demand.
Simplified SAGE II ozone data usage rules
Authors: Kremser Stefanie , Thomason Larry W. , Bird Leroy J.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. High quality satellite-based measurements are crucial to the assessment of global stratospheric composition change. The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) provides to date the longest, continuous data set of vertically resolved ozone and aerosol extinction coefficients and therefore, remains a cornerstone of understanding and detecting long-term ozone variability and trends in the stratosphere. Despite its stability, SAGE II measurements must be screened for outliers that are a result of excessive aerosol emitted into the atmosphere and that degrade inferences of change. Current methods for SAGE II ozone measurement quality assurance consist of multiple ad-hoc, sometimes conflicting rules, leading to too much valuable data that are being removed or outliers being missed. In this work, the SAGE II ozone data set version 7.00 is used to develop and present a new set of screening recommendations and to compare the output to the screening recommendations currently used. Applying current recommendations to SAGE II ozone lead to unexpected features, such as removing ozone values around zero if the relative error is used as a screening criteria, leading to biases in monthly mean zonal mean ozone concentrations. Most of these current recommendations were developed based on "visual inspection", leading to inconsistent rules that might not be applicable at every altitude and latitude. Here, a set of new screening recommendations is presented that take into account the knowledge about how the measurements were made. The number of screening recommendations is reduced to three, which mainly remove ozone values that are affected by high aerosol loading and therefore are not reliable measurements. More data remain when applying these new recommendations compared to the rules that are currently being used, leading to more data being available for scientific studies. The SAGE II ozone data set used here is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710518. The complete SAGE II version 7.0 data set, which includes other variables in addition to ozone, is available at https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/project/sage2/sage2_v7_table, https://doi.org/10.5067/ERBS/SAGEII/SOLAR_BINARY_L2-V7.0 (SAGE II Science Team, 2012; Damadeo et al., 2013).
A comprehensive data quality evaluation method for the currents of marine controlled-source electromagnetic transmitters based on the analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Yang Rui , Wang Meng , Wang Gongxiang , Deng Ming , Jing Jianen , Li Xiancheng
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We present a quality control methodology for the currents of
marine controlled-source electromagnetic transmitters . The
quality level of the transmitting current directly affects the signal-to-noise
ratio (SNR) of the electromagnetic-field data, as received by a
multicomponent electromagnetic receiver from the seabed. Although the
transmitting-current stability is sufficient under normal circumstances, the
SNR of the received signal can change owing to factors such as outside
noise. In some emergency cases such as instrument failure or a sudden
increase in electromagnetic interference that we are not aware of, the
frequency and properties of the transmitting current, such as its
size and waveform, may change. The traditional current monitoring and data playback
tools fail to detect and evaluate the anomalies well and in a timely manner,
which introduces considerable errors in the later data-processing procedure.
Pertaining to these issues, this paper proposes a comprehensive quality
evaluation method for the transmitting current. The proposed algorithm,
based on the analytic hierarchy process, is first used to analyze five
current stability parameters – current frequency, positive amplitudes,
negative amplitudes, discrepancy of ideal waveform, and waveform repetition – and then to define the harmonic energy and calculate the quality of
transmitting current (QTC) index of the final data to assess the quality of
the transmitting current comprehensively. The results of a marine experiment
performed in 2016 show that the algorithm can identify abnormal current data
and quantitatively evaluate the current conditions. Under normal
circumstances, the QTC index is less than 2 %. The key findings are that the
QTC index changes to more than 4 % and some curvilinear features are
observed if the transmitting-current quality is poor. These results will
provide a positive, significant guide for the evaluation and monitoring of
transmitting-current data in marine experiments.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Liu Maggie
Published: March 2020

Aquatic Science and Technology (AST) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AST publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 1 Analía Ale, Instituto Nacional de Limnologia (CONICET, UNL), ArgentinaArgemiro Midonês Bastos, Federal Institute of Education, BrazilChenlin Hu, The Ohio State University, USAIgor Z. Zubrzycki, Hanyang University, PolishJamile Queiroz de Sousa, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, DenmarkKostas Voudouris, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece, GreeceLevent BAT, Sinop University Fisheries Faculty, TurkeyPrzemyslaw Czerniejewski, West-Pomeranian Univ. of Technology in Szczecin, Poland Maggie LiuAquatic Science and TechnologyMacrothink Institute*************************************5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesTel: 1-702-953-1852 ext. 524Fax: 1-702-420-2900E-mail 1: ast@macrothink.orgE-mail 2: ast@macrothink.comWebsite: http://ast.macrothink.org
GOVERNADORES E ELITES POLÍTICAS NAS REGIÕES DO BRASIL ANÁLISES PRELIMINARES DA SOBRERREPRSENTAÇÃO POLÍTICA E SUCESSO ELEITORAL
Authors: Costa Rômulo Maurício Pantoja da , Marques Miquéias Serrão , Corrêa Luiz Carlos Machado
Published: March 2020

Nesta pesquisa, buscamos analisar a sobrerrepresentação política e o sucesso eleitoral das ocupações dos candidatos que concorrem ao Executivo Estadual. Para isso, desenhamos um perfil sociopolítico dos candidatos que competem pelos cargos do executivo subnacional das regiões do Brasil e da elite política eleita no período de 2006 a 2018. Utilizamos como base teórica, estudos de autores clássicos e contemporâneos da área do elitismo e do profissionalismo político. Utilizamos o método posicional da teoria elitista clássica, composta pelos candidatos que conseguiram, ao final do pleito, o cargo de governante estadual. Em contrapartida, caracterizamos o profissionalismo político através das profissões indicadas pelos candidatos ao executivo estadual, valendo-nos de informações disponíveis no site do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE). Deste modo, analisamos o perfil sócio ocupacional dos candidatos: grau de instrução, bens declarados e ocupação dos candidatos aptos a concorrer à eleição e situação – não eleito e eleito no 1º e 2º turno. Como esperado, os dados apontam que as regiões brasileiras estão sobrerrepresentadas por políticos de carreira, eleitos aos cargos de governador, entre os quais se destacam as ocupações de governadores, senadores e deputados. Porém, cabe ressaltar que as regiões Norte e Nordeste são mais suscetíveis à diversidade sociopolítica dos candidatos, o que é menos provável nas regiões Centro-Oeste, Sudeste e Sul. Isso nos levou as diversas hipóteses a serem respondidas em trabalhos posteriores.
Associativity, Gambling, and the Rise of Protomodern British Sport, 1660–1800
Authors: Huggins Mike
Published: March 2020

This paper argues that Stefan Szymanski’s theory that formal associativity in terms of British clubs and societies during the eighteenth century was the key factor in the spread of sport has been overstated. It was wagering, most especially the high-stakes “wagers” between wealthy individuals on sporting contests, stemming from notions of politeness, civility, and honor that generated media coverage, wider spectator interest, a larger betting market, and growing numbers of events, increasingly on a commercial basis. Wagering encouraged the development of sporting regulations to create “fair play” in gambling terms and to avoid subsequent disputes. Formal clubs and societies followed from this, but few were created before the 1760s. Later clubs were largely exclusive in membership terms, placed restrictions on play, and enjoyed dining (and drinking) as much as sport. The informal associativity around gambling was much more important.
Mid-term Patient-reported Outcomes of Hip Arthroplasty After Previous Hip Arthroscopy: A Matched Case-control Study With a Minimum 5-year Follow-up
Authors: Rosinsky Philip J. , Chen Jeffrey W. , Shapira Jacob , Maldonado David R. , Lall Ajay C. , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Previous hip arthroscopy may affect the outcomes of subsequent hip arthroplasty. The purpose is to compare mid-term patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and complication rates in patients who had previous ipsilateral hip arthroscopy (PA) with those without a previous surgery.

Methods:

A minimum 5-year PROs, complications, and revision surgery rates were compared between total hip arthroplasty (THA) recipients who received PA and those without. Available intraoperative findings, procedures, and conversion time of arthroscopies were reported. The relative risk (RR) of complications and revision THAs were reported. A Kaplan-Meier analysis assessed survivorship of revision THA.

Results:

There were 34 cases (33 patients) of PA that were matched to 89 control cases (87 patients). Both cohorts reported similar scores for Harris hip score, Forgotten Joint Score, pain, and patient satisfaction. No differences in the outcomes were found based on the arthroplasty approach. A higher postoperative complication rate {RR, 2.617 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.808 to 8.476)} and revision THA rate (RR, 13.088 [95% CI, 1.59 to 107.99]) were found in the PA group.

Conclusion:

Patients with PA demonstrated similar levels of PROs as those without previous ipsilateral hip arthroscopy. There may, however, be a higher rate of complications and revision surgery in the PA group.

Level of Evidence:

III
Osteonecrosis of the Lunate: Kienböck Disease
Authors: Rioux-Forker Dana , Shin Alexander Y.
Published: March 2020

Kienböck disease, osteonecrosis of the lunate, is a well-known but poorly understood complication seen by hand surgeons. This review presents the background and important patient-specific parameters of the disease and reviews the numerous treatment options that exist for the disease.
Role of Media in Representation of Sociocultural Ideologies in Aurat March (2019–2020): A Multimodal Discourse Analysis
Authors: Baig Fatima Zafar , Aslam Muhammad Zammad , Akram Nadia , Fatima Kashaf , Malik Alisha , Iqbal Zafar
Published: March 2020

The researchers have explored the role of print media and social media to present the social, cultural and political ideologies through the support of liberal feminist women in Aurat March 2019–2020. Moreover, the researchers have identified the connection/s between the language and power in the construction of ideologies, specifically through the media (print and social media). Print media, specifically print social media, has a negative impact due to its lesser amount of validity and a positive keeping wide coverage. For this study, researchers took three articles from three different local newspapers about the specific topic “Aurat March”. These articles along with the posters (which were present in the specific articles) of Aurat March have been analyzed. The researchers collected the data through a qualitative approach and purposive sampling. The research is exploratory and multi-directional. Fairclough’s model of critical discourse analysis is used for the analysis. The findings of the study have suggested that media discourse is intentionally crafted to create specific ideologies. As media has created and represented different socio-cultural ideologies in Aurat March. Media can play a positive and negative role in language and power. However, the impact of the media’s ideologies is depending on the feedback of the concerned society.
Stan przedawaryjny dźwigara kratowego usztywnionego blachą trapezową
Authors: Gierczak Jan , Ignatowicz Rajmund , Kożuch Maciej
Published: March 2020

W artykule przedstawiono stan przedawaryjny dźwigara kratowego budynku maszynowni. Przeprowadzono dyskusję na temat zasadności zastosowania obudowy z blachy trapezowej jako elementu konstrukcyjnego. Rozważania te oparto na podstawie symulacji numerycznych wykonanych obliczeń wg literatury przedmiotu. W artykule sformułowano wymogi oraz opisano błędy wynikające z trudności poprawnego wykonywania usztywnień – przepon w postaci blachy trapezowej podczas realizacji.
Zastosowanie zaawansowanej metody oceny odporności ogniowej w budownictwie przemysłowym
Authors: Woźniczka Piotr
Published: March 2020

W artykule przedstawiono przykład opracowanej oceny odporności ogniowej obiektu przemysłowego. Dla rozpatrywanej hali maszynowni o konstrukcji stalowej zaprezentowano wyniki symulacji rozwoju pożaru oraz odpowiedzi mechanicznej konstrukcji. Obliczenia przeprowadzono za pomocą zaawansowanych programów komputerowych. Omówiono wpływ takich czynników, jak nierównomierne ogrzewanie oraz sposób modelowania konstrukcji na szacowaną odporność ogniową. Wskazano także wartości temperatury krytycznej oraz prognozowane modele zniszczenia. Wykazano, że omawiana metoda może być z powodzeniem stosowana w odniesieniu do rozpatrywanej kategorii obiektów.
O problemach realizacyjnych fundamentu
pod turbozespół
Authors: Urban Tadeusz , Walendziak Radosław , Gołdyn Michał
Published: March 2020

artykule omówiono problemy
związane z realizacją żelbetowej konstrukcji
wsporczej fundamentu turbozespołu nowo
budowanej elektrowni. Analizowana konstrukcja
stanowiła układ 14 słupów połączonych
w górnej części belkami. Po zakończeniu betonowania
żelbetowych, masywnych słupów
(filarów) i usunięciu deskowania stwierdzono
występowanie licznych uszkodzeń o charakterze
powierzchniowym i wgłębnym. Ze
względu na wątpliwości dotyczące trwałości
Katedrze Budownictwa Betonowego Politechniki
Łódzkiej zlecono przygotowanie ekspertyzy
na temat przyczyn powstałych uszkodzeń.
Obejmowała ona ocenę jednorodności
struktury betonu, technologii betonowania
słupów, a także planu napraw opracowanego
przez wykonawcę konstrukcji. Stwierdzono,
że prawdopodobną przyczyną wystąpienia
uszkodzeń na powierzchniach słupów był
brak możliwości prawidłowego podawania
mieszanki betonowej do dolnych części deskowania
słupów. Ograniczenie dostępu spowodowane
było dużym zagęszczeniem prętów
zbrojenia poprzecznego, a co za tym
idzie – koniecznością podawania mieszanki
betonowej ze zbyt dużej wysokości. Przeprowadzone
nieniszczące badania ultradźwiękowe
słupów nie wykazały wewnętrznych defektów
i potwierdziły dobrą jakość betonu.
Wytrzymałość betonu na ściskanie odpowiadała
projektowanej, co również potwierdzono
w badaniach. Na tej podstawie zdecydowano
o naprawie konstrukcji według sposobu zaproponowanego
przez wykonawcę.
Przykład tymczasowego wzmocnienia
stalowych kratownic dachowych
w parowozowni
Authors: Szumigała Maciej , Szumigała Tomasz
Published: March 2020

W artykule przedstawiono problemy
związane z naprawami i remontami
ponad 100-letnich konstrukcji stalowych infrastruktury
kolejowej. Skorodowane, ale nadal
użytkowane tego typu obiekty wymagają
napraw i wzmocnień. Typowe wzmocnienia
przez spawanie są zazwyczaj wykluczone
z uwagi na trudne do wiarygodnego określenia
parametry materiału konstrukcyjnego. To
wpływa również na możliwe sposoby oceny
nośności. Często pozostaje tylko dodatkowe
i tymczasowe podparcie, co nie jest zadaniem
oczywistym z uwagi na niebezpieczeństwo
wprowadzenia sił o przeciwnych znakach
i wcześniejsze zniszczenie konstrukcji
przez utratę stateczności.
Czynniki wpływające na wytrzymałość zmęczeniową konstrukcji stalowych
Authors: Rowiński Sławomir
Published: March 2020

Do konstrukcji, które z reguły podlegają sprawdzeniu wytrzymałości na zmęczenie, należą: mosty (szczególnie kolejowe), belki podsuwnicowe, kominy wrażliwe na wzbudzenie wirowe oraz wieże i maszty. W tych konstrukcjach każdy cykl obciążenia zmęczeniowego może wywoływać zmniejszenie wytrzymałości materiału w miejscach szczególnie wrażliwych, w których występują nieregularności, np.: brzegi i granie spoin wykonanych łukowo, zakończenia żeber
i blach węzłowych czy miejsca zmiany geometrii przekroju poprzecznego. Na wytrzymałość zmęczeniową konstrukcji ma wpływ wiele czynników. Do najbardziej istotnych należą wpływy: asymetrii cyklu i naprężeń średnich, koncentracji naprężeń, rodzaju obróbki i stanu warstwy wierzchniej, gatunku stali, spawania. Wpływy poszczególnych czynników odniesiono do rezultatów z badań doświadczalnych, jakie w ciągu ostatnich lat były wykonywane dla konstrukcji stalowych.
Techniczne aspekty budowy kanału spalin odsiarczonych w nowym bloku Elektrowni Ostrołęka Cterenu)
Authors: Kociniak Michał , Kosiarski Jarosław
Published: March 2020

W pracy przedstawiono szereg czynników, które zostały uwzględnione przy projektowaniu kanału spalin odsiarczonych metodą mokrą w nowo budowanym bloku Elektrowni Ostrołęka C. Odległość od osi absorbera do osi chłodni kominowej oraz wysokość absorbera sprawiły, iż konieczne było przeprowadzenie wielu analiz w celu poprowadzenia kanału z TWS (tworzywo wzmacniane włóknem szklanym) w sposób odbiegający od tradycyjnego. Dzięki temu uniknięto wysokich stalowych konstrukcji wsporczych na zewnątrz chłodni oraz wysokiej konstrukcji wsporczej na riserze wewnątrz chłodni, zapewniając przy tym odpowiednie parametry przepływu spalin oraz odpowiednią wytrzymałość kanału z TWS.
Wpływ zbrojenia niemetalicznego
na nośność i odkształcalność belek
z betonu zbrojonego
Authors: Korentz Jacek
Published: March 2020

W konstrukcjach z betonu coraz częściej stosuje się pręty kompozytowe FRP (ang. Fiber Reinforced Polimer) wykonane z różnych materiałów. Właściwości wytrzymałościowe dostępnych na rynku prętów kompozytowych są bardzo zróżnicowane. Pręty kompozytowe mają bardzo wysoką wytrzymałość, moduł sprężystości większości z nich jest niski. Pręty te nie mają cech plastycznych, ich zniszczenie następuje
w sposób nagły. Dlatego zachowanie się belek zbrojonych prętami kompozytowymi odbiega od znanego zachowania się belek ze zbrojeniem stalowym; nośność na zginanie i odkształcalność tych belek są bardzo zróżnicowane. W artykule przeanalizowano wpływ rodzaju zastosowanego zbrojenia w belkach na ich nośność i odkształcalność. Belki ze zbrojeniem niemetalicznym w stosunku do belek ze zbrojeniem stalowym charakteryzują się większą nośnością i mniejszą sztywnością, a tym samym większymi ugięciami.
The evolution of the strategy of the Islamic State in the years 2014-2017
Authors: Gac Miłosz
Published: March 2020

In the last three years, the Islamic State (ISIS – Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) had to redefine its strategy as a result of air raids conducted by the antiterrorist coalition. The tactic is no longer concentrated on the territorial expansion and the creation of their own statehood, but on the attacks carried out by the so-called “lone wolves”, just like in the case of their rival Al-Qaeda. The idea of a solitary attack is accompanied by a new method used by the terrorists – crashing into people or places with the help of cars. Since the events in Nice in 2016, this phenomenon, known as “ramming”, has taken a death toll in Europe.
Department of the Internal Military Service of Military Units of the Ministry of the Internal Affairs in Przemyśl Organizational and personnel structure, and scope of activity
Authors: Machniak Arkadiusz
Published: March 2020

The origin of the Military Interior Service of the Military Units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MSW) goes back to 1957, when pursuant to the Regulation No. 021/57 the Ministry disbanded the Information Division of the Border Guard Troops and the Information Department of the Internal Security Corps, later transformed into the Military Interior Service of the Internal Security Corps (WSW KBW) and the Border Guard Troops (WOP). In 1973, the Service of the Military Units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (WSW JW MSW) was appointed. Subsequently, new local structures were created in Białystok, Chełm, Przemyśl, Kętrzyn, Krosno Odrzańskie, Kłodzko, Koszalin, Katowice and Warsaw as branches of the WSW JW MSW. This formation shielded military units subordinated to the structures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, i.e. the Border Guard Troops (WOP), the Vistula Military Units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (JN MSW) and the Government Protection Bureau (BOR), in the field of counterintelligence protection, as well as prevention and detection of crimes in military units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and prosecution of offenders subjected to the jurisdiction of military courts. When fulfilling their tasks, the WSW operational bodies subordinated to the Ministry of Internal Affairs applied means, methods and forms of operational work, which were characterized by the specificity of activities and the diversity of the environment.
The Territorial Defense Force in the fight against terrorism – institutional and legal issues
Authors: Maziarz Bartosz
Published: March 2020

The Territorial Defense Force is of great interest to politicians, the media and public opinion. A great deal of misinformation and misconceptions have arisen about the subject related to the newly created type of the Polish Armed Forces. Therefore, the aim of the article is to familiarize the reader with the role, place and tasks of the Territorial Defense Force in the national system of combating terrorism based on the provisions of the law in force in Poland. The article attempts to determine the opportunities and threats under the provisions of the Act on Anti-Terrorism of June 10, 2016, and the Act amending the Act on the Universal Obligation to Defend the Republic of Poland and certain other acts of November 16, 2016, to the Territorial Defense Force and for the security of the country. Comparative analysis of the legal acts mentioned above seems necessary for a better understanding of the peculiarities of the operation of the Territorial Defense Force in the Polish legal system and the security system.
Cossacks in the service of the Third Reich
Authors: Szymanowicz Adam
Published: March 2020

The origins of Cossacs probably date back to the 15th and 16th centuries. Cossacks appeared both in the south-eastern areas under the authority of the Commonwealth and in the south-west of Moscow. They played a significant role in the history of our country, fighting together with the Crown and Lithuanian armies in the wars against the Tatars, Turks, Moscow and Sweden. However, they also caused uprisings which seriously weakened the Commonwealth.
In the 16th century, Cossack troops in the service of the rulers of Moscow were formed, used for conquests made by this country. Cossacks also suppressed uprisings and rebellions against tsarist authorities. During the civil war in Russia, a significant part of them sympathized with the Whites. After the Bolshevik occupation of the Cossack territories, there was repression compared by Lenin to the Vendée genocide during the French Revolution. Persecution also took place there during the collectivization and the Great Terror.
Many Cossacks emigrated. Some of them in Germany, where they later began cooperation with the Nazis, especially after the Third Reich’s aggression against the USSR. After occupying the Cossack territories, the German authorities created local Cossack self-government structures. The first Cossack formations fighting on the Wehrmacht side also began to appear. During the war, tens of thousands of Cossacks who fought in German uniforms in the USSR, occupied Poland, Yugoslavia and northern Italy. They were used primarily to conduct anti-partisan activities. At the end of the war, the Cossacks tried to avoid Soviet captivity and surrender to the Western Allies’ troops. However, as a result of the British-Soviet agreement, they were handed over to the Soviet authorities, which condemned them to a tragic fate.
Changes in maintenance of railway vehicles as the sources of threats in the railway system
Authors: Helak Magdalena , Kadziński Adam
Published: March 2020

Proper operation of railway vehicles is the basis for the functioning of a safe railway system. At the same time, it is not possible to talk about the safe use of a vehicle without adequately carried out maintenance processes. Due to legislative changes in August 2017, the maintenance system of railway vehicles has changed significantly. In most cases, it is the entities responsible for maintenance that are fully liable for the shape of the maintenance documentation, not the national security authority (in Poland the President of the Rail Transport Office) as has been the case so far. That is a big challenge for everyone involved in maintaining railway vehicles.
The article presents the system of maintenance of railway vehicles as critical for the railway system safety, with the division into those registered in the National Railway Register and the unregistered ones. National and EU requirements for maintenance systems as well as the conditions for the implementation of “changes” in these systems have been presented, based, among others, on the results of the risk assessment of the threats they generate.
Crowdsourcing platforms as virtual organizations. Implications for contributors
Authors: Szwajlik Anna
Published: March 2020

The article is a theoretical reflection on how crowdsourcing platforms work as virtual organizations, and on the resulting implications for contributors. The first part focuses on the idea of a virtual organization. The next part discusses the essence of crowdsourcing platforms as virtual organizations which extract distributed resources from a crowd of contributors. The last part of the article displays the consequences of the way the crowdsourcing platforms work and the development perspective for the contributors.