bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circulating Metabolites as Biomarkers of Disease and Pharmacoresistance in Patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Godoi Alexandre B. , do Canto Amanda M. , Donatti Amanda , Rosa Douglas C. , Bruno Danielle do Carmo Ferreira , Alvim Marina K. , Yasuda Clarissa Lin , Martins Lucas G. , Escobar Melissa Quintero , Tasic Ljubica , Cendes Fernando , Lopes-Cendes Iscia
Published: March 2022

A major challenge in the clinical management of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is identifying those who do not respond to antiseizure medication (ASM), allowing for the timely pursuit of alternative treatments, such as epilepsy surgery. Here, we investigated changes in plasma metabolites as biomarkers of pharmacoresistance in patients with MTLE. Furthermore, we used the metabolomics data to gain insights into the mechanisms underlying MTLE and response to ASM. We performed an untargeted metabolomic method using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and multi- and univariate statistical analyses to compare data obtained from plasma samples of 28 patients with MTLE compared to 28 controls. The patients were further divided according to response to ASM: 20 patients were refractory to treatment, and eight were responsive to ASM. We only included patients using carbamazepine in combination with clobazam. We compared the group of patients with controls and found that the profiles of glucose (p = 0.01), saturated lipids (p = 0.0002), isoleucine (p = 0.0001), β-hydroxybutyrate (p = 0.0003), and proline (p = 0.02) were different in patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). In addition, lipoproteins (p = 0.05), lactate (p = 0.05), glucose (p = 0.05), unsaturated lipids (p = 0.05), isoleucine (p = 0.05), and proline (p = 0.05), could discriminate between the two groups of patients classified according to response to ASM. The identified metabolites were linked to different biological pathways related to cell energy metabolism, and pathways linked to inflammatory processes and the modulation of neurotransmitter release and activity in MTLE. In contrast, we found that pyruvate metabolism may be linked to resistance to ASM. In conclusion, in addition to insights into the mechanisms underlying MTLE and the response to treatment with ASM, our results suggest that plasma metabolites may be used as biomarkers of disease and response to ASM in patients with MTLE. These findings warrant further studies exploring the clinical use of metabolites to assist in decision-making when treating patients with MTLE.
Structural Racism and Inequities in Incidence, Course of Illness, and Treatment of Psychotic Disorders Among Black Americans
Authors: Misra Supriya , Etkins Onisha S. , Yang Lawrence H. , Williams David R.
Published: March 2022

Psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder) are a leading cause of morbidity and premature mortality and an overlooked health inequity in the United States. European data indicate inequities in incidence, severity, and treatment of psychotic disorders, particularly for Black communities, that appear to be primarily attributable to social adversities. The dominant US narrative is that any observed differences are primarily a result of clinician bias and misdiagnosis.

We propose that employing the framework of structural racism will prompt European and US research to converge and consider the multifaceted drivers of inequities in psychotic disorders among Black Americans. In particular, we describe how historical and contemporary practices of (1) racialized policing and incarceration, and (2) economic exploitation and disinvestment, which are already linked to other psychiatric disorders, likely contribute to risks and experiences of psychotic disorders among Black Americans.

This framework can inform new strategies to (1) document the role of racism in the incidence, severity, and treatment of psychotic disorders; and (2) dismantle how racism operates in the United States, including defunding the police, abolishing carceral systems, and redirecting funds to invest in neighborhoods, housing, and community-based crisis response and mental health care. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(4):624–632. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306631 )
Cannabis Use Among Young Adults in Washington State After Legalization of Nonmedical Cannabis
Authors: Kilmer Jason R. , Rhew Isaac C. , Guttmannova Katarina , Fleming Charles B. , Hultgren Brittney A. , Gilson Michael S. , Cooper Rachel L. , Dilley Julia , Larimer Mary E.
Published: March 2022

Objectives. To examine changes in prevalence of cannabis use and of cannabis use disorder symptomatology among young adults from 2014 to 2019 in Washington State, where nonmedical (or “recreational”) cannabis was legalized in 2012 and retail stores opened in July 2014.

Methods. We used 6 years of cross-sectional data collected annually from 2014 (premarket opening) to 2019 from 12 963 (∼2000 per year) young adults aged 18 to 25 years residing in Washington. Logistic regression models estimated yearly change in prevalence of cannabis use at different margins and related outcomes.

Results. Prevalence of past-year, at least monthly, at least weekly, and daily use of cannabis increased for young adults, although increases were driven by changes among those aged 21 to 25 years. There was also a statistically significant increase in prevalence of endorsing at least 2 of 5 possible symptoms associated with cannabis use disorder.

Conclusions. Among young adults in Washington, particularly those of legal age, prevalences of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder symptomatology have increased since legalization. This trend may require continued monitoring as the nonmedical cannabis market continues to evolve. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(4):638–645. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306641 )
Spatial Distribution of Hateful Tweets Against Asians and Asian Americans During the COVID-19 Pandemic, November 2019 to May 2020
Authors: Hohl Alexander , Choi Moongi , Yellow Horse Aggie J. , Medina Richard M. , Wan Neng , Wen Ming
Published: March 2022

Objectives. To illustrate the spatiotemporal distribution of geolocated tweets that contain anti-Asian hate language in the contiguous United States during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods. We used a data set of geolocated tweets that match with keywords reflecting COVID-19 and anti-Asian hate and identified geographical clusters using the space-time scan statistic with Bernoulli model.

Results. Anti-Asian hate language surged between January and March 2020. We found clusters of hate across the contiguous United States. The strongest cluster consisted of a single county (Ross County, Ohio), where the proportion of hateful tweets was 312.13 times higher than for the rest of the country.

Conclusions. Anti-Asian hate on Twitter exhibits a significantly clustered spatiotemporal distribution. Clusters vary in size, duration, strength, and location and are scattered across the entire contiguous United States.

Public Health Implications. Our results can inform decision-makers in public health and safety for allocating resources for place-based preparedness and response for pandemic-induced racism as a public health threat. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(4):646–649. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306653
High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma of the Sciatic Nerve That Mimicked a Schwannoma
Authors: Richards Alexandra R. , Lee Linus , Gusho Charles , Blank Alan T.
Published: March 2022

Case:

A 41-year-old woman with a history of high-grade B-cell lymphoma status-post chemotherapy was evaluated for a painful left posterior thigh mass and significant weakness with sensory changes. Imaging revealed a benign-appearing mass consistent with schwannoma; however, intraoperative frozen section suggested high-grade B-cell lymphoma. Subsequent restaging studies revealed metastatic disease.

Conclusion:

A history of lymphoma warrants careful investigation of a posterior thigh mass, despite imaging findings consistent with nerve sheath tumor. Surgical removal of lymphomas of the nerve often proves futile, so these lesions are usually managed with medical treatment or radiation.
Profound Hypercalcemia Associated with Acute Toxic-Metabolic Encephalopathy After Calcium Sulfate Bead Use
Authors: Sabharwal Samir , Schmerler Jessica , Thakkar Savyasachi C.
Published: March 2022

Case:

We present the case of an 81-year-old woman who developed profound hypercalcemia requiring admission to the intensive care unit after calcium sulfate bead use during revision hip arthroplasty. The patient's serum calcium level peaked at 21.0 mg/dL and was associated with acute encephalopathy. After treatment with calcitonin and bisphosphonates, her serum calcium level normalized and her mentation improved.

Conclusion:

The risk of clinically significant hypercalcemia should be considered when using calcium sulfate during orthopaedic surgery.
Diseño pedagógico de una Plataforma de Comunicación Multimedia Móvil (PCMM) en Educación Especial
Authors: Camacho Conde José Antonio
Published: March 2022

Las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (TICs) han cobrado un creciente interés en el ámbito educativo. La necesidad de comunicarnos de forma eficiente resulta de gran importancia en la sociedad moderna. Nuestra propuesta de intervención tiene como objetivo el diseño de una herramienta tecnológica que permita en tiempo real la comunicación fluida y bidireccional. Hemos partido de la base de la implicación y responsabilidad compartida, de la capacidad para fomentar las relaciones que se establecen entre todos los entornos en los que interactúan en su desarrollo socioeducativo los menores con discapacidad desde las primeras etapas. Esta propuesta es una decidida apuesta para ayudar a visibilizar al colectivo de escolares con discapacidad. Todo esto se ha realizado mediante el análisis documental para la mejora del procedimiento de producción de canales educativos de comunicación y la posterior validación de estos criterios. Este proyecto ha contado con la participación de 30 expertos de diferentes disciplinas relacionadas con la creación de PCMM. Concretamente, estos expertos son docentes, pedagogos, psicólogos, especialistas en audición y lenguaje, fisioterapeutas, monitores de extraescolares, familia, diseñadores multimedia, diseñadores de contenidos educativos y especialistas en diseño de aplicaciones informáticas. La implementación de la PCMM se ha realizado en un colegio de inclusión de carácter concertado, en la etapa de educación primaria y concretamente en Segundo Ciclo.
Competencias digitales para la práctica docente en pregrado en dos universidades latinoamericanas
Authors: George Reyes Carlos Enrique , Avello Martínez Raidell
Published: March 2022

En el escenario de la educación superior, varias investigaciones han resaltado la importancia de la competencia digital en la docencia universitaria, tanto en los estudiantes como en los docentes. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer las percepciones de los docentes respecto a la incorporación de las tecnologías en sus actividades cotidianas y establecer un vínculo entre las competencias digitales y las dimensiones que caracterizan a la práctica docente. La investigación se basa en un diseño no experimental descriptivo, de estudio comparativo de casos, lo que permitió analizar similitudes y diferencias entre los docentes de las universidades participantes de México y Cuba. En el estudio participaron 122 docentes con edades comprendidas entre los 25 y 62 años. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron sugerir que existe un nivel medio de desarrollo de la competencia digital en el ámbito de la práctica docente en las dos universidades públicas estudiadas. De igual forma, de manera general existe correlación entre la dimensión didáctica y la dimensión personal y valoral en ambas universidades lo cual indica que los docentes que implementan estrategias didácticas con el uso de las TIC muestran un mayor uso y acceso a las TIC.
Evaluación de los hábitos de lectura de prensa digital en alumnos universitarios de ciencias de la información: el caso de España y Portugal (2017)
Authors: García-Delgado Giménez Belén , Arias Rubio Gala
Published: March 2022

En este artículo se incluyen los resultados de dos grupos de discusión sobre hábitos de lectura de prensa llevados a cabo en 2017 con estudiantes de primer ciclo de ciencias de la información españoles y portugueses. En el trabajo con los alumnos se ha utilizado la técnica de focus group, tras la observación de cómo se desarrollaba el proceso lector de un mismo periódico tanto en formato papel como en electrónico. Para la descodificación en este último soporte se utilizaron los siguientes dispositivos: portátil, móvil, tableta y lector de libros electrónicos. Más tarde, se debatió con los alumnos sobre las ventajas y desventajas de cada uno de los soportes. Los resultados obtenidos nos proporcionan una orientación acerca de los hábitos de lectura de prensa digital de los estudiantes universitarios de ciencias de la información en España y Portugal, sus semejanzas y diferencias.
Diferentes capacidades representadas en la animación infantil: una mirada inclusiva
Authors: Del Moral Pérez Maria Esther , López-Bouzas Nerea
Published: March 2022

Los dibujos animados muestran relatos protagonizados por personajes con gran impacto en la audiencia infantil, que pueden ayudar a visibilizar la discapacidad y promover el respeto. Esta investigación analiza cómo se representan las diferentes capacidades en cortos de animación dirigidos a menores. Se adopta una metodología cualitativa, centrada en el estudio de casos y el análisis de contenido de diez cortos animados -producidos entre 2010-2020- y protagonizados por personajes con diferencias físicas o cognitivas. El instrumento Inclusive-Toons permitió analizarlos desde tres dimensiones: técnico-narrativa, socio-educativa y afectivo-emocional. Los resultados evidencian que la mayoría son en 3D, narran historias verosímiles sin locución, utilizando la música para enfatizar el mensaje. La representación de la discapacidad es explícita cuando es de tipo físico, y metafórica cuando es de tipo cognitivo. La trama se focaliza en la superación personal si la discapacidad es sobrevenida, o en la necesidad de integración si es congénita. Los protagonistas masculinos adoptan roles condicionados por sus limitaciones, a diferencia de las féminas que actúan con mayor libertad. Los personajes auxiliares suelen ser femeninos y buscan estrategias para resolver los conflictos. Indudablemente, estos relatos se convierten en plataformas de aprendizaje socio-cognitivo que, en una sociedad diversa, ofrecen una mirada inclusiva.
Satisfacción de los estudiantes universitarios con las clases virtuales adoptadas en el marco de la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Taveras-Pichardo Luisa Celeste , Paz-López Andrea , Silvestre Emmanuel , Montes-Miranda Alexander , Figueroa-Gutiérrez Vladimir
Published: March 2022

Las medidas de aislamiento preventivo tomadas por la mayoría de los estados a propósito de la pandemia por Covid-19, obligó a las instituciones educativas a suspender las clases presenciales y reemplazarlas por clases virtuales, sin que los actores involucrados estuvieran necesariamente preparados. En este contexto se encontraba la institución de educación superior de este estudio cuando se suspendieron las clases. Los objetivos de esta investigación son determinar la satisfacción de los estudiantes con la modalidad virtual y conocer las condiciones técnicas de acceso a las clases virtuales. Para ello se emplea un método de investigación cuantitativo no experimental. En el estudio participan 2806 estudiantes. Los resultados muestran que durante ese período de clases los estudiantes se sintieron satisfechos con las prácticas docentes, las actividades, los recursos y el acompañamiento. No obstante, los estudiantes no se sienten satisfechos con las condiciones y apoyos técnicos para acceder a las clases virtuales. En esta investigación se presentan una serie de recomendaciones que pueden contribuir con la mejora de la calidad educativa en el proceso de transición a la virtualidad en las instituciones de educación superior.
Uso del GeoGebra como estrategia de aprendizaje significativo en el estudio de las gráficas y transformaciones de funciones
Authors: Romero Chacín Jorge Luis , Romero Colmenares Jorge , Reyes Contreras Ruddy , Barboza Arenas Luis Andres , Romero Rosario
Published: March 2022

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la efectividad del uso del GeoGebra como estrategia de aprendizaje significativo en el estudio de las gráficas y transformaciones de funciones de los alumnos del curso Fundamentos de Cálculo de la Universidad Continental. La investigación fue experimental con un diseño cuasiexperimental. Como muestra se consideraron los estudiantes cursantes de la carrera ingeniería tomando dos secciones, no al azar, de 35 alumnos cada una. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva y la prueba t-student para muestras independientes. Los resultados confirman las hipótesis de investigación, por consiguiente, se concluye que el uso del GeoGebra como estrategia favorece el aprendizaje significativo en el estudio de las gráficas y transformaciones de funciones, beneficiando, además, el dominio relacionado con las dimensiones asociadas al manejo de las definiciones de funciones, dominio, rango, características de las diferentes funciones. Y se recomienda el uso del software en el desarrollo de las sesiones de clase, sobre todo en estos momentos donde la emergencia sanitaria nos lleva al desarrollo de las clases de manera virtual.
Youtube como recurso didáctico en la Universidad
Authors: Lozano Díaz Antonia , González Moreno María José , Cuenca  Piqueras Cristina
Published: March 2022

Uno de los principales usos de las TIC en la población joven se encuentra en las redes sociales, siendo Youtube una de las más populares. Aprovechando este éxito también entre la población universitaria se decide crear una plataforma educativa con un repositorio de vídeos educativos en el campo de las ciencias sociales. El material que viene a constituir la plataforma tiene dos orígenes: vídeos seleccionados por el profesorado o vídeos elaborados por el alumnado. En esta investigación se pretende conocer qué valoración hace el alumnado universitario de las redes sociales en el aprendizaje y en especial de Youtube. Los resultados muestran que el alumnado valora positivamente el uso de Youtube en las clases magistrales, sin embargo esto no se corresponde con un uso individual de esta red social como instrumento de aprendizaje. Se concluye con la necesidad de hacer un buen uso educativo de las redes sociales y de enfatizar y apoyar el papel del alumnado como productor de contenido educativo.
La docencia 4.0: Diferencias prospectivas según género
Authors: Novoa Castillo Pedro Félix , Sanchez Aguirre Flor de María
Published: March 2022

El propósito del estudio fue determinar si existían diferencias en la Docencia 4.0 según género en estudiantes de la Facultad de Educación de la UNMSM. Procedimiento: se empleó un diseño descriptivo comparativo de corte transversal. Participantes: se tomó una muestra de 94 estudiantes (45 hombres y 49 mujeres); cuyas edades oscilaron entre los 17 a 25 años. La variable estudiada fue la Docencia 4.0, entendida como la suma de competencias digitales que proyectivamente tendría que tener todo docente en el futuro. Resultados: Se encontró que no existen diferencias significativas entre géneros. Y que tanto hombres como mujeres manifestaban bajos niveles correspondientes a Competencias digitales generales, Competencias digitales pedagógicas y Competencias digitales del Aprendizaje Ubicuo (Z>-1,96., p>.05).
Evolución de la navegación de los jóvenes en internet: el caso de los estudiantes de la zona sur de Tamaulipas
Authors: Lemus Pool María Consuelo , Bárcenas Curtis César , Barranquero Carretero Alejandro
Published: March 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es identificar los patrones del uso y apropiación de plataformas digitales entre jóvenes estudiantes de la zona sur de Tamaulipas, México. La metodología empleada es cuantitativa, a partir de un diseño no-experimental descriptivo. Se aplicó un cuestionario que obtuvo la participación de 1 222 jóvenes de nivel medio superior y superior, a partir de una muestra estadísticamente representativa de los municipios de Tampico, Ciudad Madero y Altamira. A través de este cuestionario se elaboró un Análisis de Componentes Principales que arrojó cinco perfiles representativos de la navegación: Búsqueda de Información, académico, entretenimiento, comunicativo-lúdico y socializador. Al cruzarlos por la edad de los participantes se obtuvo que los perfiles cambian según la cohorte de edad correspondiente al nivel medio superior o superior, resultando que durante la edad de preparatoria destaca el perfil colaborativo, de entretenimiento y el comunicativo lúdico, pero durante la etapa universitaria el perfil buscador de información y socializador. Los resultados permiten identificar la evolución del perfil de navegación de los jóvenes a partir de diversas plataformas digitales, así como visibilizar la incidencia de la brecha digital que la edad y el sexo aún imprimen en las prácticas digitales.
Competencias digitales en docentes universitarios: una revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Perdomo Bexi , Gonzalez Martinez Oscar , Barrutia Barreto Israel
Published: March 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue describir, por medio de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, el tratamiento que los autores han dado al estudio de las competencias digitales en docentes universitarios en la última década. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática siguiendo los protocolos metodológicos recomendados en la literatura. La estrategia de búsqueda el uso de las bases de datos ERIC, iSEEK y Base y operadores Booleanos para combinar los descriptores. Los artículos analizados muestran que la mayor producción sobre el tema se ubica en España y que prevalecen los estudios observacionales. Se concluye que es poca la producción científica en materia de CDDU en el entorno latinoamericano. Esta producción necesita no solo incrementarse en cantidad sino en la variedad de diseños de las investigaciones.
Morfometri Kambing Senduro Plasma Nuftah Kabupaten Lumajang, Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Rifa'i Rifa'i , Amam Amam , Surjowardojo Puguh , Susilorini Tri Eko
Published: March 2022

Salah satu upaya untuk melindungi sumber daya genetik ternak Indonesia adalah dengan melakukan penetapan rumpun ternak, seperti penetapan galur kambing Senduro yang tertuang di dalam Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Republik Indonesia Nomor 1055/Kpts/SR.120/10/2014. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji sifat fenotipe kambing Senduro berdasarkan sifat kuantitatifnya, yaitu lebar telinga, lebar kepala, dan panjang kepala dan menghubungkan sifat fenotipe ini dengan bobot badan, umur ternak, dan body condition scoring (BCS). Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode observasi dan korelasional. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 101 ekor kambing Senduro betina di Kelompok Ternak Senduro Etawah. Data diolah menggunakan Microsoft Excel dan Program SPSS 26.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kambing Senduro memiliki lebar telinga rata-rata 13,33 ± 1,97 cm, lebar kepala rata-rata 12,28 ± 1,23 cm, dan panjang kepala rata-rata 24,71 ± 1,62 cm. Lebar telinga kambing Senduro memiliki hubungan sangat kuat atau sangat nyata dengan BCS, memiliki hubungan kuat atau nyata dengan bobot badan, dan tidak memiliki hubungan dengan umur ternak. Lebar kepala kambing Senduro memiliki hubungan sangat kuat atau sangat nyata dengan bobot badan, memiliki hubungan kuat atau nyata dengan BCS, dan tidak memiliki hubungan dengan umur ternak. Panjang kepala kambing Senduro memiliki hubungan sangat kuat atau sangat nyata dengan bobot badan, memiliki hubungan sangat kuat atau sangat nyata dengan umur ternak, dan memiliki hubungan sangat kuat atau sangat nyata dengan BCS. Sifat kuantitatif lebar telinga, lebar kepala, dan panjang kepala kambing Senduro perlu diperhatikan sebagai variabel dalam pendugaan produksi ternak.
Examining Trends in Black-White Disparity in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries among Pregnancy-Related Hospitalizations in the United States
Authors: Dongarwar Deepa , Hernandez Ayleen , Miranda Laura , Salihu Hamisu
Published: March 2022

The proportion of women with traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries (tSCI) is increasing globally, yet there is a dearth of data in the literature on female-specific health conditions, such as pregnancy, in this population. In this retrospective cohort study, we sought to fill the gap in the literature regarding racial differences in the trends of tSCI among hospitalized pregnant women. Using Nationwide Inpatient Sample data, all hospitalizations among pregnant women with tSCI were identified. Joinpoint regression analyses were utilized to examine the temporal trends in the rates of tSCI among the entire pregnant hospitalized population in the US during the 10-year study period of 2009-2018. We compared the tSCI hospitalization trends between non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks and NH-Whites. Overall, there was an increase in the rates of tSCI in the entire pregnant population, during the study period (Average annual percentage change [AAPC]: 7.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 13.4). The rates of tSCI were consistently higher in NH-Blacks in comparison to NH-Whites. More public health policies should be directed at preventing acute tSCIs during pregnancy and physicians should understand how to meet the needs of pregnant patients with tSCI, especially those who belong to racial/ethnic minority groups.
 
Copyright © 2022 Dongarwar et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Sex and Age-Based Differences in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Hospitalizations in the United States, 2009-2018
Authors: Dongarwar Deepa , Moriel Karla , Wiafe Kobby , Salihu Hamisu
Published: March 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents the fifth-worst five-year overall survival by cancer type in the United States, and the prognosis is shown to vary by age and sex. However, published data exploring temporal trends in the rates of hospitalization by sex and prognosis patterns incorporating both age and sex remains limited. Therefore, we investigated trends of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) hospitalization rates by sex and the differences in the AML hospitalization rates by sex and age in the adult population using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database for the years 2009-2018. We examined the differences in rates of AML hospitalizations by sex and age. Next, we stratified the study duration into two groups of five years each: 2009-2013 and 2014-2018 and examined the differences in age and sex across the study period and groups. Pearson’s chi-squared tests were conducted to determine the statistically significant differences in these bivariate comparisons. Overall, during the entire study period, we observed an increased rate of hospitalizations in males, when compared with their female counterparts. The highest AML hospitalization rate for both males and females was observed in the age group of 60-79 years; males accounted for 33.8 per 10,000 hospitalizations and females accounted for 23.3 per 10,000 hospitalizations. The greatest difference in hospitalization rates by age group and sex was observed in 18-39 years (males: 23.6 per 10,000 hospitalizations, females: 7.7 per 10,000 hospitalizations [p-value=<0.01]). The trend in the prevalence of AML hospitalizations by age or sex remains unchanged irrespective of the 5-year study period group. The results from this study would prove vital in directing the decision-making process for healthcare providers and AML patients alike as they work in tandem to navigate the complexities of AML and everything it entails.
 
Copyright © 2022 Dongarwar et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Gender, Realism and Power in The House that was Eureka
Authors: McPherson Joanne
Published: March 2022

See article
Not Unadjacent to a Play about a Scottish King: Terry Pratchett Remakes Macbeth
Authors: Stephens John
Published: March 2022

See article
Characterization of Wormhole Growth and Propagation Dynamics During Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS) Processes by Integrating Rate Transient Analysis and a Pressure-Gradient-Based Sand Failure Criterion
Authors: Jiang Liwu , Liu Jinju , Liu Tongjing , Yang Daoyong
Published: March 2022

In this work, theoretical models have been formulated, validated, and applied to characterize the dynamic wormhole growth and propagation dynamics during cold heavy oil production with sand (CHOPS) processes by integrating rate transient analysis (RTA) and a pressure-gradient-based (PGB) sand failure criterion. More specifically, a coupling fluid-solid flow model is proposed by incorporating the recently proposed PGB sand failure criterion with sand production. Then, the source function method is applied to solve the fluid flow problem in the matrix subsystem by considering each generated wormhole segment as a sink source, while the finite difference method is applied to solve the fluid-sand flow problem in the wormhole subsystem. The sand failing at each segment is induced and propagated once the PGB sand failure criterion has been reached. Furthermore, transient-rate-type curves are generated to determine the dynamic wormhole network conditioned to the measured fluids and sand production profiles. Also, effects of the PGB sand failure criterion and reservoir properties on the transient rate behavior for CHOPS wells can be examined and analyzed. A gradual increase in the production rate profile occurs at the early times due to the wormhole growth and propagation. The wormhole network can be dynamically characterized by matching both the sand production rate and transient fluid production rate. The former is found to be greatly affected by the breakdown pressure gradient, while the effective wormhole coverage and intensity dominate the latter. Once the transient rate responses for both static and dynamic wormhole networks are validated with numerical simulation, the newly proposed method has been extended to field applications under various constraints, demonstrating that the fluid and sand production data of CHOPS wells can be integrated to accurately characterize the dynamic wormhole network within a unified, consistent, and efficient framework.
Fracture’s Impact on the Recovery of Hydrocarbon from Low-Permeability Rock’s Pores: New Insights from 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experiment
Authors: Dong X. , Shen L. W. , Liu B. , Cui L. , Ostadhassan M. , Pan Z. , Li H.
Published: March 2022

Successful examples of hydraulic fracturing (HF) have led to a general consensus that fractures enhance hydrocarbon production as it connects isolated pockets filled with oil. However, the fracture’s impact on the hydrocarbon recovery from rock’s pores, which can account for a significant amount, is not well studied but experimentally investigated here. Uniquely, we fill our samples' fractures with a slime made of guar gum and heavy water (D2O). Such slime cannot penetrate into pores, and the heavy water does not generate nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals detectable by our apparatus. Using such slime as a fracture filling material allows us to isolate and eliminate the NMR signals from fractures. Subsequent huff ‘n’ puff (HnP) experiments show that fracture results in a decline of the total HnP recoverable oil. We reasoned that fracture reduces the treatment gas’ sweeping efficiency. This issue can be partially mitigated by injecting N2 instead of CO2; N2 can enter rock’s pores more efficiently as a treatment agent. Nevertheless, N2 HnP still suffers a noticeable reduction in the total recovery for samples with smaller pores. Our experiments provide an important new insight into the development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources. Maximizing fracture intensity in the field HF operation may negatively impact the later HnP oil recovery. At last, this observation is only possible with our unique experiment design; a misleading and opposite finding will be reached if one directly compares the results from before and after fracturing the samples. We reinforce that pore structures are changed during the fracturing process in our experiment (and possibly other researchers’ work); such change needs to be properly accounted for to assess fracture’s impact on pore fluid movement fairly.
Ni-catalyzed Benzylic β-C(sp3)−H Bond Activation of Formamides
Authors: ye mengchun , Wang Rong-Hua , Wu Hongli , Li Yue , Li Jiang-Fei , Zhang Tao , Huang Genping
Published: March 2022

The development of transition metal-catalyzed β-C−H bond activation via highly-strained 4-membered metallacycles has been a formidable task. So far, only scarce examples have been reported to undergo β-C−H bond activation via 4-membered metallacycles, and all of them rely on precious metals. In contrast, earth-abundant and inexpensive 3d transition metal-catalyzed β-C−H bond activation via 4-membered metallacycles still remains an elusive challenge. Herein, we report a phosphine oxide-ligated Ni−Al bimetallic catalyst to activate secondary benzylic C(sp3)−H bonds of formamides via 4-membered nickelacycles, providing a series of α,β-unsaturated γ-lactams in up to 97% yield.
Missing Samples Estimation of Synthetic ECG Signals by FCM-based Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (FCMANFIS)
Authors: Aghdam Asghar Dabiri , Dabanloo Nader Jafarnia , Rahatabad Fereidoun Nooshiravan , Maghooli Keivan
Published: March 2022

This paper presents an estimation of missed samples recovery of Synthetic electrocardiography (ECG) signals by an ANFIS (Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system) method after designing the ANFIS model using FCM (Fuzzy C Means) clustering method. In MATLAB’s standard library for ANFIS, only least-square-estimation and the back-propagation algorithms are used for tuning membership functions and generation of fis (fuzzy inference system) file, but at current work, we have used the FCM method that shows better results. Root mean square error (difference of the reference input and the generated data by ANFIS) for the three synthetic data cases are: a. Train data: RMSE = 1.7112e-5 b. Test data: RMSE = 5.184e-3 c. All data: RMSE = 2.2663e-34
High flow nasal cannula therapy with sequential noninvasive ventilation versus noninvasive ventilation alone as the initial ventilatory strategy in acute COPD exacerbations: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Shuai , Walline Joseph Harold , Zhu Huadong , Li Yan , Wang Chunting , Liu Jihai
Published: March 2022

Background: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is the recommended mode of ventilation used in acute respiratory failure secondary to an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Recent data has shown that high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) treatment can be an alternative for patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate HFNC with Sequential NIV versus NIV alone as the initial ventilatory strategy in AECOPD.Methods: This investigator-initiated, randomized, unblinded, single center, randomized controlled trial will be conducted in the emergency department, emergency intensive care unit, or respiratory intensive care unit of a tertiary-care urban teaching hospital. A total of 66 patients will be enrolled and randomized into the intervention group (HFNT with sequential NIV) or the control group (NIV group). The primary endpoint will be the mean difference in PaCO2 from baseline to 24 hours after randomization. Secondary endpoints include the mean difference in PaCO2 from baseline to 6, 12, and 18 hours, as well as the dyspnea score, overall discomfort score, rate of treatment failure, respiratory rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, length of hospital stay, and mortality.Discussion: Taking the advantages of both HFNC and NIV on AECOPD patients into account, we designed this clinical trial to investigate the combination of these ventilatory strategies. This trial will help us understand how HFNC with sequential NIV compares to NIV alone in treating AECOPD patients.Clinical trial registration:ChiCTR2100054809
WITHDRAWN: Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Follow-up Micro-hammer Forging Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Xiong Xiaochen , Qin Xunpeng , Hua Lin , Hu Zeqi , Yang Shiming , Ni Mao
Published: March 2022

Aiming at mitigating the problem of coarse grains and poor mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), a variant additive and equivalent hybrid manufacturing technology named follow-up micro-hammer forging (FMF) WAAM is proposed. By employing a multi-DOF industrial robot, the hammer head can synchronously follow the welding gun in a close distance, and the high-density micro-hammer forging is carried out on every deposited weld when the temperature is slightly higher than austenite recrystallization temperature. The larger plastic deformation is introduced to the welds with a smaller hammering force at the temperature. The macro and micro influence of the FMF process is investigated by establishing welding synchronously followed by micro-hammer forging plastic deformation thermal-structural coupling finite element analysis (FEA) model and carrying out experiments. The microstructure and fracture surface are analysed by using OM and SEM. The results show that by introducing the FMF process at 980℃, the stress state and microstructure are improved, and the strength of deposited layers increase significantly. The tensile stress is changed to be compressive stress. The grain size decreases gradually from the bottom deposited layer to the top one showing a genetic evolution law from layer to layer, and the top deposited layer grain size is refined from grade 1 to 7 under the combined influence of recrystallization and co-generation crystallization mechanism. The research conclusions can provide some theoretical guidance for the updating and developing of the hybrid additive manufacturing technology.
Molecular mapping and transfer of a novel brown planthopper resistance gene bph42 from Oryza rufipogon (Griff.) to cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Kaur pavneet , Neelam Kumari , Sarao Preetinder Singh , Babbar Ankita , Kumar Kishor , vikal yogesh , Khanna Renu , Kaur Rupinder , Mangat G.S. , Singh Kuldeep
Published: March 2022

Brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is one of the most destructive pests of rice accounting for 52% of annual yield loss. Under severe conditions, BPH cause “hopper burn” leading to drying and lodging of the matured plant. Utilization of host-plant resistance from diverse germplasm is considered a cost-effective and environment-friendly approach for its management. The current study reports the identification and mapping of a novel source of resistance from wild species of rice O. rufipogon accession CR100441 against the BPH biotype 4. Genetic analysis was performed using 276 BC2F2 and 233 BC2F3 populations derived from a cross of O. rufipogon accession CR100441 and highly susceptible cultivar PR122. The segregation of susceptible to resistant plants 3:1 ratio (210:66, χ2c = 0.17 ≤ χ20.05,1 = 3.84) indicates the presence of a single major recessive gene. Genotyping using polymorphic microsatellite markers between PR122 and O.rufipogon acc.CR100441 spanning all the 12 chromosomes of rice was done. A total of 537 SSR markers were used to map a BPH resistance gene (designated as bph42) on the short arm of chromosome 4 between RM16282 and RM16335. QTL analysis identified a peak marker RM16335 contributing 29% of the phenotypic variance at 40.76 LOD. This marker co-segregates with the bph42 which could be efficiently used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) to transfer the traits into elite rice cultivars.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG in Human Milk From Vaccinated Mothers After Holder Pasteurization
Authors: Selma-Royo Marta , Gormaz María , Bäuerl Christine , Ramón-Beltrán Amparo , Cernada Maria , Esteban Maria Jesús Vayá , Martinez-Rodriguez Laura , Vento Máximo , Parra-Llorca Anna
Published: March 2022

Breastfeeding rendered crucial for preterm infants during COVID-19 pandemic. However, the role of donated human milk (DHM) in the protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection when own mother’s milk is not available or insufficient remains unclear. Pasteurization of DHM contributes to the loss of some biological and nutritional properties of human milk. The presence of specific breast milk SARS-CoV-2 antibodies has been demonstrated in women after COVID-19 disease and after vaccination. We aimed to evaluate the impact of Holder pasteurization on vaccinated donor women’s milk and to identify the impact on the concentrations of specific immunoglobulins (Ig) against SARS-CoV-2. A prospective, observational, exploratory pilot study in lactating women (n=12) who received the complete course of mRNA-based vaccines (BioNTech/Pfizer) against SARS-CoV-2 infection was conducted. Levels of antibodies directed to structural receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were determined by ELISA before and after pasteurization.IgA and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin concentrations were significantly reduced after Holder pasteurization. Interestingly, there was a negative correlation between the initial amount of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the percentage of their recovery after the pasteurization for both isotypes. Despite the partial loss of immunoglobulins still a high percentage of antibodies remained after the pasteurization, a mean of 70.53 (3.4)% of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and 81.99 (21.89)% of IgG antibodies. Our study underscores the potential relevance of breast feeding or alternatively DHM to provide babies at risk with virus-specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies thus protecting them against COVID-19.
Media Addiction Behaviour, Computer Vision Syndrome and Neural Patterns
Authors: Hossain Gahangir , Faiyazuddin Musab
Published: March 2022

These Post-COVID days, seventy percent of businesses have or are working on a digital transformation, which make us to spend more time with media interaction [1]. Media has always existed in much of our history; the shape and function of such media instruments may have evolved over time, but human nature has always been drawn to them. Social networking is one of the most common and addictive media resources available today. They have only been around for a decade, but they're more appealing and addictive in nature. According to a recent survey, there are approximately 400 million social media users, and 5 to 10% of the world's population suffers from gaming or internet addiction [2]. Addiction is described as a person's neurotic behavior that contributes to harmful behavior – social media addiction cannot be the exception. This research explores human brain signals, electroencephalogram (EEG) of addictive media abusers and compare it to that of alcoholics to draw a distinction between these two different types of addictions. We performed brain signal analysis in rest stage and working stages. The magnitude and spatial distribution of beta power in the resting EEG were examined to address the possibility of an excitation-inhibition imbalance in the central nervous system of alcoholics with compared to medica addiction. Similar increase in Beta absolute power was observed in alcohol dependent as well as media addictive subjects. In addition, we observed that human eye blink rates that reflects human attention, also reflects media addiction – especially the Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). While performing attentive tasks on digital screens causes a decrease in eye blink rate (EBR), which leads to the fundamental symptom of eye strain or the CVS.
Thickness of Anterior Sclera and Corneal Layers in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Ün Emine Şeker , Pekel Gökhan , Taşçı Murat , Bahar Alperen , Pekel Evre , Çetin Ebru Nevin , Subaşı Mustafa
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the thickness of anterior sclera and corneal layers in patients with systemic sclerosis.Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 41 patients with systemic sclerosis and 41 age and gender-matched healthy controls. The study and control groups were compared in terms of the thickness of anterior sclera, corneal epithelium, Bowman's layer, corneal stroma and Descemet's membrane-endothelium complex. The thickness measurements were obtained using the anterior segment module of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.Results: The thickness of anterior sclera, corneal epithelium, Bowman's layer, and Descemet's membrane-endothelium complex were similar in the patients with systemic sclerosis and healthy controls (P>.05). Total corneal thickness at the apex was 511.1±33.5 µm in the systemic sclerosis group and 528.4±29.5 µm in the control group (P=.015). The corneal stroma was thinner in the systemic sclerosis patients compared to the healthy controls (P=.02). Conclusions: The corneal stroma was thinner in the patients with systemic sclerosis compared to that of healthy controls, while the thickness of the anterior sclera was similar in both groups.
Comparative analysis of cationic dye adsorption efficiency of thermally and chemically treated Tanzanian kaolin
Authors: Erasto Laurance , Hellar-Kihampa Harieth , Mgani Quentin Alphonce , Lugwisha Esther Hellen Jason
Published: March 2022

The effectiveness of thermal and acid modified locally available kaolin clay in Tanzania (Pugu clay), for removal of cationic dye from water systems were tested. The raw Pugu kaolin (RPK) was thermally-treated at 150oC for 7 hours and acid-leached with 0.2 M H2SO4 under reflux for 3 hours, to obtain thermally-activated Pugu kaolin (TAPK) and acid-activated Pugu kaolin (AAPK), respectively. The raw and modified clays were characterized by XRF, XRD, ATR-FTIR and Porosimeter for their mineralogical compositions, chemical compositions, specific surface areas and pore sizes. A comparative analysis of their respective adsorption efficiencies was carried out using basic blue 9 dye (BB9) as a representative adsorbate. The results revealed that while RPK was mainly composed of 44.18% silica and 26.70% alumina, the modified adsorbents had higher silica content of 46.95% and 58.81%; decreased alumina content of 24.11% and 12.74%, and increased surface areas from 15.36 to 41.07 m2/g and 149.61 m2/g, for TAPK and AAPK, respectively. Batch adsorption analysis indicated that AAPK and TAPK exhibited respective adsorption efficiency of 99.91% and 98.73% against BB9, compared to 96.82% of RPK. The Langmuir and Freundlich models with correlation coefficients close to unity indicated that the surface of the adsorbents were homo-heterogeneous in nature and exhibited mono-multilayer BB9 adsorption. This study has revealed that both raw and modified Pugu kaolin have good adsorption efficiency as ideal adsorbents in removal of cationic dyes from polluted water. Moreover, acid-activation resulted into a more effective adsorbent than thermal treatment.