bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circulating Docosahexaenoic Acid Associates with Insulin-Dependent Skeletal Muscle and Whole Body Glucose Uptake in Older Women Born from Normal Weight Mothers
Authors: Badeau Robert , Honka Miikka-Juhani , Bucci Marco , Iozzo Patricia , Eriksson Johan , Nuutila Pirjo
Published: February 2017

Background: Obesity among pregnant women is common, and their offspring are predisposed to obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. The circulating metabolites that are related to insulin resistance and are associated with this decreased tissue-specific uptake are unknown. Here, we assessed metabolite profiles in elderly women who were either female offspring from obese mothers (OOM) or offspring of lean mothers (OLM). Metabolic changes were tested for associations with metrics for insulin resistance. Methods: Thirty-seven elderly women were separated into elderly offspring from obese mothers (OOM; n = 17) and elderly offspring from lean/normal weight mothers (OLM; n = 20) groups. We measured plasma metabolites using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and insulin-dependent tissue-specific glucose uptake in skeletal muscle was assessed. Associations were made between metabolites and glucose uptake. Results: Compared to the OLM group, we found that the docosahexaenoic acid percentage of the total long-chain n-3 fatty acids (DHA/FA) was significantly lower in OOM (p = 0.015). DHA/FA associated significantly with skeletal muscle glucose uptake (GU) (p = 0.031) and the metabolizable glucose value derived from hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique (M-value) in the OLM group only (p = 0.050). Conclusions: DHA/FA is associated with insulin-dependent skeletal muscle glucose uptake and this association is significantly weakened in the offspring of obese mothers.
Effects of Magnesium on the Phosphate Toxicity in Chronic Kidney Disease: Time for Intervention Studies
Authors: Sakaguchi Yusuke , Hamano Takayuki , Isaka Yoshitaka
Published: February 2017

Magnesium, an essential mineral for human health, plays a pivotal role in the cardiovascular system. Epidemiological studies in the general population have found an association between lower dietary magnesium intake and an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. In addition, magnesium supplementation was shown to improve blood pressure control, insulin sensitivity, and endothelial function. The relationship between magnesium and cardiovascular prognosis among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasingly investigated as it is becoming evident that magnesium can inhibit vascular calcification, a prominent risk of cardiovascular events, which commonly occurs in CKD patients. Cohort studies in patients receiving dialysis have shown a lower serum magnesium level as a significant risk for cardiovascular mortality. Interestingly, the cardiovascular mortality risk associated with hyperphosphatemia is alleviated among those with high serum magnesium levels, consistent with in vitro evidence that magnesium inhibits high-phosphate induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, a harmful effect of high phosphate on the progression of CKD is also attenuated among those with high serum magnesium levels. The potential usefulness of magnesium as a remedy for phosphate toxicity should be further explored by future intervention studies.
Optimal Reinsurance Policies under the VaR Risk Measure When the Interests of Both the Cedent and the Reinsurer Are Taken into Account
Authors: Jiang Wenjun , Ren Jiandong , Zitikis Ričardas
Published: February 2017

Optimal forms of reinsurance policies have been studied for a long time in the actuarial literature. Most existing results are from the insurer’s point of view, aiming at maximizing the expected utility or minimizing the risk of the insurer. However, as pointed out by Borch (1969), it is understandable that a reinsurance arrangement that might be very attractive to one party (e.g., the insurer) can be quite unacceptable to the other party (e.g., the reinsurer). In this paper, we follow this point of view and study forms of Pareto-optimal reinsurance policies whereby one party’s risk, measured by its value-at-risk (VaR), cannot be reduced without increasing the VaR of the counter-party in the reinsurance transaction. We show that the Pareto-optimal policies can be determined by minimizing linear combinations of the VaR s of the two parties in the reinsurance transaction. Consequently, we succeed in deriving user-friendly, closed-form, optimal reinsurance policies and their parameter values.
Initial Radiometric Characteristics of KOMPSAT-3A Multispectral Imagery Using the 6S Radiative Transfer Model, Well-Known Radiometric Tarps, and MFRSR Measurements
Authors: Yeom Jong-Min , Hwang Jisoo , Jung Jae-Heon , Lee Kwon-Ho , Lee Chang-Suk
Published: February 2017

On-orbit radiometric characterization of the multispectral (MS) imagery of the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI)’s Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-3A (KOMPSAT-3A), which was launched on 25 March 2015, was conducted to provide quantitative radiometric information about KOMPSAT-3A. During the in-orbit test (IOT), vicarious radiometric calibration of KOMPSAT-3A was performed using the Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) radiative transfer model. The characteristics of radiometric tarps, the atmospheric optical depth from multi-filter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR) measurements, and sun–sensor–geometry were carefully considered, in order to calculate the exact top of atmosphere (TOA) radiance received by KOMPSAT-3A MS bands. In addition, the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) behaviors of the radiometric tarps were measured in the laboratory with a two-dimensional hyperspectral gonioradiometer, to compensate for the geometry discrepancy between the satellite and the ASD FieldSpec® 3 spectroradiometer. The match-up datasets between the TOA radiance and the digital number (DN) from KOMPSAT-3A were used to determine DN-to-radiance conversion factors, based on linear least squares fitting for two field campaigns. The final results showed that the R2 values between the observed and simulated radiances for the blue, green, red, and near-infrared (NIR) bands, are greater than 0.998. An approximate error budget analysis for the vicarious calibration of KOMPSAT-3A showed an error of less than 6.8%. When applying the laboratory-based BRDF correction to the case of higher viewing zenith angle geometry, the gain ratio was improved, particularly for the blue (1.3%) and green (1.2%) bands, which exhibit high sensitivity to the BRDF of radiometric tarps during the backward-scattering phase. The calculated gain ratio between the first and second campaigns showed a less than 5% discrepancy, indicating that the determined radiometric characteristics of KOMPSAT-3A are reliable and useful to the user group for quantitative applications.
Salt Marsh Monitoring in Jamaica Bay, New York from 2003 to 2013: A Decade of Change from Restoration to Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Campbell Anthony , Wang Yeqiao , Christiano Mark , Stevens Sara
Published: February 2017

This study used Quickbird-2 and Worldview-2, high resolution satellite imagery, in a multi-temporal salt marsh mapping and change analysis of Jamaica Bay, New York. An object-based image analysis methodology was employed. The study seeks to understand both natural and anthropogenic changes caused by Hurricane Sandy and salt marsh restoration, respectively. The objectives of this study were to: (1) document salt marsh change in Jamaica Bay from 2003 to 2013; (2) determine the impact of Hurricane Sandy on salt marshes within Jamaica Bay; (3) evaluate this long term monitoring methodology; and (4) evaluate the use of multiple sensor derived classifications to conduct change analysis. The study determined changes from 2003 to 2008, 2008 to 2012 and 2012 to 2013 to better understand the impact of restoration and natural disturbances. The study found that 21 ha of salt marsh vegetation was lost from 2003 to 2013. From 2012 to 2013, restoration efforts resulted in an increase of 10.6 ha of salt marsh. Hurricane Sandy breached West Pond, a freshwater environment, causing 3.1 ha of freshwater wetland loss. The natural salt marsh showed a decreasing trend in loss. Larger salt marshes in 2012 tended to add vegetation in 2012–2013 (F4,6 = 13.93, p = 0.0357 and R2 = 0.90). The study provides important information for the resource management of Jamaica Bay.
Monitoring Agricultural Expansion in Burkina Faso over 14 Years with 30 m Resolution Time Series: The Role of Population Growth and Implications for the Environment
Authors: Knauer Kim , Gessner Ursula , Fensholt Rasmus , Forkuor Gerald , Kuenzer Claudia
Published: February 2017

Burkina Faso ranges amongst the fastest growing countries in the world with an annual population growth rate of more than three percent. This trend has consequences for food security since agricultural productivity is still on a comparatively low level in Burkina Faso. In order to compensate for the low productivity, the agricultural areas are expanding quickly. The mapping and monitoring of this expansion is difficult, even on the basis of remote sensing imagery, since the extensive farming practices and frequent cloud coverage in the area make the delineation of cultivated land from other land cover and land use types a challenging task. However, as the rapidly increasing population could have considerable effects on the natural resources and on the regional development of the country, methods for improved mapping of LULCC (land use and land cover change) are needed. For this study, we applied the newly developed ESTARFM (Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model) framework to generate high temporal (8-day) and high spatial (30 m) resolution NDVI time series for all of Burkina Faso for the years 2001, 2007, and 2014. For this purpose, more than 500 Landsat scenes and 3000 MODIS scenes were processed with this automated framework. The generated ESTARFM NDVI time series enabled extraction of per-pixel phenological features that all together served as input for the delineation of agricultural areas via random forest classification at 30 m spatial resolution for entire Burkina Faso and the three years. For training and validation, a randomly sampled reference dataset was generated from Google Earth images and based on expert knowledge. The overall accuracies of 92% (2001), 91% (2007), and 91% (2014) indicate the well-functioning of the applied methodology. The results show an expansion of agricultural area of 91% between 2001 and 2014 to a total of 116,900 km². While rainfed agricultural areas account for the major part of this trend, irrigated areas and plantations also increased considerably, primarily promoted by specific development projects. This expansion goes in line with the rapid population growth in most provinces of Burkina Faso where land was still available for an expansion of agricultural area. The analysis of agricultural encroachment into protected areas and their surroundings highlights the increased human pressure on these areas and the challenges of environmental protection for the future.
Critical Factors Affecting the Quality of Industrialized Building System Projects in China
Authors: Gan Yuanyan , Shen Liyin , Chen Jindao , Tam Vivian , Tan Yongtao , Illankoon I.
Published: February 2017

Whilst the benefits of applying an industrialized building system (IBS) have been well recognized globally in the construction industry, the application of IBS is particularly limited in developing countries such as China, and quality is considered one of the key issues affecting its application. This paper identifies a number of the key quality factors which present barriers to the promotion of IBS within the context of the Chinese construction industry. These include key factors such as “Inaccurate design of the connecting points between core components”, “Lack of design norms and standards for IBS components”, “Lack of quality criteria for IBS components”, “Lack of production norms and standards for IBS components”, “Lack of quality management system in production process”, and “Lack of technical guidelines for the construction of IBS projects”. The data used for analysis are derived from a comprehensive practical survey. The validity of the data is examined by using a statistical method. The findings from the study provide valuable references for formulating effective measures to mitigate the negative effects of these quality factors on IBS application in China, thereby ensuring that practice of the IBS system can be further developed within the country.
An Integrated Approach to Evaluating and Selecting Green Logistics Providers for Sustainable Development
Authors: Wang Chia-Nan , Ho Hong-Xuyen , Luo Shih-Hsiung , Lin Tsung-Fu
Published: February 2017

Balancing economic development with environmental protection has become a critical concern worldwide. However, along with the highly competitively global marketplace, economic factors are known to directly affect an enterprise’s development and its future business. Therefore, selecting the right partner for sustainable collaboration that will lead to improved business performance and reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is a significant problem for many enterprises. In addition, investigating the economic impact of companies that are charged to protect the environment is becoming increasingly problematic. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the comparative efficiencies of 16 Green Logistics Providers (GLPs) in the USA from 2012 to 2015, and the projected four-year period of 2016–2019, by means of an integrated approach that combines the grey forecasting model GM (1,1) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The results show that there are two GLPs, Knight Transportation and the Union Pacific Corporation, that possess a higher efficiency level and are achieving positive technical change. However, this study also determined that Hyster-Yale Materials Handling and CSX Corporation did not reach an acceptable efficiency score; therefore, they should improve technical efficiency to mitigate environmental concerns. This completely integrative methodology has the potential to provide the best decision-making strategies for finding suitable collaborative partners who are able to meet the sustainability requirements in most economic and environmental areas.
Achieving a Sustainable Urban Form through Land Use Optimisation: Insights from Bekasi City’s Land-Use Plan (2010–2030)
Authors: Handayanto Rahmadya , Tripathi Nitin , Kim Sohee , Guha Sumanta
Published: February 2017

Cities worldwide have been trying to achieve a sustainable urban form to handle their rapid urban growth. Many sustainable urban forms have been studied and two of them, the compact city and the eco city, were chosen in this study as urban form foundations. Based on these forms, four sustainable city criteria (compactness, compatibility, dependency, and suitability) were considered as necessary functions for land use optimisation. This study presents a land use optimisation as a method for achieving a sustainable urban form. Three optimisation methods (particle swarm optimisation, genetic algorithms, and a local search method) were combined into a single hybrid optimisation method for land use in Bekasi city, Indonesia. It was also used for examining Bekasi city’s land-use-plan (2010–2030) after optimising current (2015) and future land use (2030). After current land use optimisation, the score of sustainable city criteria increased significantly. Three important centres of land use (commercial, industrial, and residential) were also created through clustering the results. These centres were slightly different from centres of the city plan zones. Additional land uses in 2030 were predicted using a nonlinear autoregressive neural network with external input. Three scenarios were used for allocating these additional land uses including sustainable development, government policy, and business-as-usual. Future land use allocation in 2030 found that the sustainable development scenario showed better performance compared to government policy and business-as-usual scenarios.
Deoxynivalenol Exposure in Norway, Risk Assessments for Different Human Age Groups
Authors: Sundheim Leif , Lillegaard Inger , Fæste Christiane , Brantsæter Anne-Lise , Brodal Guro , Eriksen Gunnar
Published: February 2017

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common mycotoxin in Norwegian cereals, and DON is detected in most samples of crude cereal grain and cereal food commodities such as flour, bran, and oat flakes. The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety assessed the risk for adverse effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) in different age groups of the domestic population. This review presents the main results from the risk assessment, supplemented with some recently published data. Impairment of the immune system together with reduced feed intake and weight gain are the critical effects of DON in experimental animals on which the current tolerable daily intake was established. Based on food consumption and occurrence data, the mean exposure to DON in years with low and high levels of DON in the flour, respectively, were in the range of or up to two times the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) in 1-year-old infants and 2-year-old children. In years with high mean DON concentration, the high (95th-percentile) exposure exceeded the TDI by up to 3.5 times in 1-, 2- , 4-, and 9-year-old children. The assessment concluded that exceeding the TDI in infants and children is of concern. The estimated dietary DON intakes in adolescent and adult populations are in the range of the TDI or below, and are not a health concern. Acute human exposure to DON is not of concern in any age group.
Quand le concept de « formule » devient un obstacle épistémologique : la conception du stock de formules préfabriquées (Ire partie)
Authors: Bouvier David
Published: February 2017

La notion de formule est-elle un outil solide pour comprendre la formation de la poésie homérique ? Dans une conférence donnée en 1984, Albert B. Lord dénonçait comme un fait décourageant la référence constante dans les études sur la langue homérique à la notion d’un stock de formules préfabriquées. Il ajoutait que Milman Parry n’avait jamais avancé une telle hypothèse. Parcourant les travaux qui, avant 1984 et même après, ont fait référence à ces stocks de formules toutes faites, cette étude, en deux parties, veut questionner l’histoire d’un postulat qui a provoqué plusieurs malentendus dans la recherche. Contrairement à ce qu’affirme Lord, Milman Parry a contribué à ce malentendu. Sans doute, la complexité de la langue homérique était plus grande qu’on ne pouvait alors l’envisager.
Homère et le κυνικὸς τρόπος
Authors: Junqua Frédéric
Published: February 2017

On sait que les Cyniques pourfendaient âprement la paideia traditionnelle. Cela ne les empêche pourtant pas de citer abondamment les poètes de cette paideia

traditionnelle qu’ils rejettent par ailleurs, avec une prédilection pour son principal représentant, Homère – du moins, si l’on en croit les chries et les anecdotes que la tradition nous a transmises. Au-delà de l’apparent paradoxe d’une philosophie qui, d’un côté, prône le «raccourci » et rejette les egkuklia mathêmata et, de l’autre, manifeste sa connaissance intime de la culture qu’elle conspue, cet article s’intéresse à l’usage et à la fonction de la citation homérique chez les Cyniques (principalement dans les chries mettant en scène Diogène et Cratès) et cherche à en déterminer la spécificité.
La cicatrice di Odisseo e il ‘riflettore’ di Erich Auerbach
Authors: Lentini Giuseppe
Published: February 2017

Il primo capitolo di Mimesis di Erich Auerbach («La cicatrice di Odisseo») è uno stupefacente tour de force nel quale il grande filologo tedesco illustra i principi e gli strumenti critici del suo metodo. Ma è anche un sofisticato esempio di ‘ critica militante’ : in esso viene chiaramente sostenuto il primato della tradizione giudaica sulla cultura classica. L’articolo indaga alcune delle peculiarità della posizione anticlassicistica di Auerbach, che potrebbe essere perfino debitrice di qualche spunto a La nascita della tragedia di Friedrich Nietzsche.
THEIOS AOIDOS. A New Reading of the Lyre-Player Group of Seals
Authors: Franklin John Curtis
Published: February 2017

This paper offers an integrated reading of a well-known body of archaeological evidence, the so-called Lyre-Player Group of Seals. I assemble the fifty-five different specimens that show the Lyre-Player in seventeen different scenes, and argue that they constitute a single coherent iconographic sub-system, with each Type taking its meaning from the others. I propose that this material, whose origin can now be confidently placed in eighth-century Cilicia, offers our most thorough iconographical evidence for a Divine Lyre, a figure known from both Kinnaru, the divinized lyre of Late Bronze Age Ugarit, and Kinyras of Cyprus, whom one set of traditions connected with Cilicia and Syria.
« Je suis tombé dans du lait ». À propos de formules dites orphiques
Authors: Lambin Gérard
Published: February 2017

Le chevreau, le taureau, le bélier de certaines lamelles d’or sont l’âme censée aller au ciel, où elle devient une étoile, dans la Voie lactée.
Nutrition et activité glycosidasique de deux Coléoptères Scolytidae parasites de l'Orme (Ulmus campestris)
Authors: Chararas Constantin , Chipoulet J.-M.
Published: February 2017

Nous étudions dans ce travail deux Scolytidae spécifiques de l'Orme, Scolytus scolytus et Scolytus multistriatus, insectes d'une très grande importance économique puisqu'ils véhiculent un Cryptogame (Ceratostitis ulmi) considéré comme le facteur essentiel du dépérissement de l'Orme en France. Simultanément, du fait de leurs morsures de nutrition, ces deux Scolytidae causent aux Ormes des dommages directs également considérables. En effet, les adultes mâles et femelles ne peuvent acquérir leur maturité sexuelle qu'après une phase de nutrition très intense sur des tissus frais et provoquent ainsi de très graves lésions physiologiques sur les arbres attaqués.

La question de la nutrition et des glycosidases n'ayant fait jusqu'à présent l'objet d'aucune étude chez ces deux insectes, les auteurs présentent ici les résultats de leurs recherches sur la nutrition et les activités glycosidasiques de Scolytus scolytus et Scolytus multistriatus, en résumant rapidement leurs caractéristiques biologiques les plus marquantes.

Les larves de ces deux insectes effectuent leur nutrition au dépens du liber riche en glucides en déterminant des lésions irréversibles sur les sujets attaqués. Ces larves ingèrent ainsi des oligosaccharides, des hétérosides et des polysaccharides, tels que l'amidon, la pectine, les hémicelluloses et la cellulose.

En ce qui concerne les oligosaccharides, les deux insectes hydrolysent activement le saccharose, le maltose, le lactose et le raffinose et à un moindre degré le mélézitose. L'activité sur l'α - méthyl glucoside et l'α - phényl glucoside apparaît en revanche relativement faible par rapport à l'hydrolyse des substrats précédents. Les larves possèdent donc un équipement enzymatique riche en α et β - glucosidases, des α et β - galactosidases, des α - mannosidases et des β - xylosidases.

Les larves des deux insectes possèdent également des polysaccharidases agissant sur l'amidon et sur diverses hémicelluloses, notamment l'arabogalactane, la xylane, la galactomannane et l'Hémicellulose B7 , mais restent sans action sur la cellulose pure.

Les hydrates de carbone jouent donc un rôle considérable dans le développement de ces deux Scolytidae.
Contribution à l'étude écologique des fleuves côtiers du Liban. I. Le Nahr-el-Kalb
Authors: Khalaf Gaby , Lahoud May
Published: February 2017

Pour la première fois une étude écologique d'un cours d'eau côtier est effectuée au Liban. Les auteurs mettent en évidence le caractère temporaire de ce cours d'eau et les variations physicochimiques et biocénotiques qui affectent ses trois parties : un cours supérieur où il y a écoulement permanent, un cours moyen qui se trouve à sec entre juillet et novembre, et un cours inférieur alimenté par une résurgence issue de la grotte de Jeïta. L'influence de ces caractères sur la faune des invertébrés et des poissons est mise en évidence.
Note sur le Purpuricenus globulicollis Muls. (Col. Cerambycidae)
Authors: Schaefer Léon
Published: February 2017

Le Purpuricenus globulicollis Muls. est très rare dans notre faune et plus ou moins méconnu. De récentes captures dans la région d'où il a été décrit ont permis de préciser les caractères le séparant spécifiquement de son congénère le P. kaehleri. Les localités françaises connues à ce jour sont signalées.
Le passage d'un espace aquatique à un espace semi-aquatique avec formation d'une tourbière à sphaignes : exemple de l'étang et des marais du Grand-Lemps (Isère)
Authors: Pautou Guy , Baier Pierre
Published: February 2017

Les auteurs décrivent une séquence d'atterrissement d'un étang s'individualisant par l'installation de sphaignes dans un groupement de Cypéracées à base de Cladium mariscus et de Carex lasiocarpa. Ils montrent comment la composition floristique des phanérogames et de quelques groupes d'algues vertes unicellulaires évolue au cours du déroulement de cette succession par fermeture du plan d'eau et croissance verticale des dépôts organiques. L'installation d'espèces ligneuses comme le Bouleau blanc et le Pin sylvestre indique une tendance locale au boisement.
Phaedon fulvescens Weise (Col. Chrysomelidae Chrysomelinae), un auxiliaire possible dans le contrôle des Rubus aux tropiques
Authors: Jolivet Pierre
Published: February 2017

Le Coléoptère Chrysomelide Phaedon fulvescens Weise, originaire de Chine, Taiwan et Nord Vietnam, semble avoir toutes les qualités pour la lutte biologique contre les Rubus en zone tropicale : multiples générations, pas de diapause, sélectivité excellente, et moyens de défense efficaces.
Twenty microsatellite markers for the endangered Vatica mangachapoi (Dipterocarpaceae)
Authors: Guo Jun‐Jie , Shang Shuai‐Bin , Wang Chun‐Sheng , Zhao Zhi‐Gang , Zeng Jie
Published: February 2017

Premise of the study:

Microsatellite markers were developed for Vatica mangachapoi (Dipterocarpaceae), an endangered species indigenous to Southeast Asia and southern China.

Methods and Results:

Twenty microsatellite markers, including 12 polymorphic markers, were identified from V. mangachapoi using high‐throughput sequencing. Polymorphism at each marker was evaluated using 87 individuals from three natural populations. The number of alleles per polymorphic locus ranged from six to 15, and the observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.000 to 0.926 and from 0.177 to 0.864, respectively. These markers were transferred successfully to the endangered species V. guangxiensis.

Conclusions:

These markers may be used to investigate the genetic diversity and gene flow of V. mangachapoi and V. guangxiensis.
Articulated Actions of the Family Health Strategy Teams and their Centres of Support in the State of Piauí, Brazil
Authors: Almeida Belas Izaias , Alves da Rocha Jorge Henrique , Melo da Silva Filipe , Batista Lustosa João Victor , Soares Carneiro Wendell , Gondim Valença Ana Maria , Saraiva da Silva Erisonval , Rodrigues Jailson Alberto
Published: February 2017

Objective: From the perspective of professionals acting in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in the state of Piauí, Brazil, the aim of this study was to asses the articulated actions of technical-pedagogical and clinical-care support offered by the Family Health Support Centres (FHSC) to the FHS’s professionals.

Methodology: This is an analytical census retrospective study, with a cross sectional design developed in a quantitative approach with a descriptive and exploratory nature. The research data was collected through the Program of Improvement in Quality of Access in Primary Care (PIAQ-PC) in Brazil, on its second cycle in 2013, and were analysed by using descriptive statistics.

Results: The actions of clinical-care support has been further developed by FHSC, all with frequency greater than 85%. In Piauí, the fields where FHSC has showed to be the nutritional care, rehabilitation and maternal and child care and also non-communicative diseases NCD that showed frequency higher than 85%.

Conclusion: The FHSC initiative contributes significantly with their services to the FHS to achieve its goals. However, to make the work of these teams more effective there must be ownership of Primary Care Services by its user and appreciation of it by the managers. The developed actions are being supported and agreed on among the matrix support teams.

 Keywords: Primary Health Care; Health  Promotion; Family Health.
Palliative Care To The Elderly Patient With Cancer: Speech Of Nurses
Authors: Carvalho da Silva Irany , Serpa de Souza Batista Patrícia , Carvalho dos Santos Platel Indiara , Da Costa Silv Jessyka Cibelly Minervina , Rodrigues Alves de Lima Débora , Alves da Silva Wiliana Aparecida , De Freitas Farias Priscilla , Bezerra da Rocha Alves Alany , Ferreira da Costa Thaíza , Sena de Lima Dereck , Jovino Borja Thayana
Published: February 2017

Palliative care is aimed at people with diseases without perspective of cure or terminally, aiming to provide a better quality of life. This study aims to investigating the discourse of nurses about their understanding of palliative care to elderly patient with cancer and identify strategies used by nurses to promote palliative care to the elderly cancer patient. It is an exploratory research of a qualitative nature, carried out with thirteen nurses from a philanthropic institution in the city of João Pessoa, through a questionnaire.

The empirical material was subjected to thematic content analysis, resulting in three categories: design of nurses to assist the elderly in Palliative Care: promoting comfort and minimizing the suffering, the importance of palliative care in humanized care to the elderly with cancer and strategies for the Promotion of Care of the Elderly with Cancer.

Participants highlighted the palliative care as essential in the humanization of care, ensuring the dignity and quality of life among the elderly with cancer without possibilities of cure, adding such assistance, the family.

Keywords: Palliative Care; Nurse; Elderly; Cancer.
INDIVIDUAL MEAN-VARIANCE RELATION AND STOCK-LEVEL INVESTOR SENTIMENT
Authors: KIM Jun Sik , KIM Da-Hea , SEO Sung Won
Published: February 2017

This research studies the effect of stock-level investor sentiment on individual stock returns’ mean-variance relation. Using unique buy and sell volume data of retail investors in Korean stock market, we find that a positive mean-variance relation is undermined among high-sentiment stocks, but holds among low-sentiment stocks. We adopt buy-sell imbalances of retail investors for individual stocks as a measure of stock-level investor sentiment. Further, our findings provide empirical evidence of a strong riskreturn trade-off among stocks with low retail concentration (e.g., large capitalization, high-priced, and growth stocks). Existing research only analyzes market-wide investor sentiment. However, we study the effect of stock-level investor sentiment on individual stock returns. Therefore, our findings suggest novel implications about the investment strategy that the stock-level investor sentiment is important when constructing portfolios based on variance.
MULTIDIMENSIONAL AND COMPARATIVE STUDY ON INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE
Authors: URBAN Boris , JOUBERT Gabriël Coenraad Daniël Stoltz
Published: February 2017

Intellectual capital (IC) as the knowledge‐based equity of organizations is increasingly recognised as an important value contributor to performance. By building on previous research, the study examines the IC components of human capital, structural capital and relational capital as they relate to organisational performance. Following past international studies, a model is developed and statistically tested. A survey is administered to firms across several industries and data is analysed employing structural equation modelling. Recognising that replications and extensions of IC studies are vital to knowledge development, comparisons with international studies are made. The results provide support for the hypotheses where relationships between the IC components and performance are evident. These findings suggest that it is crucial for an organisation to optimise the utilisation of its human capital for the sake of optimising its structural capital, which leads to higher performance. By positioning the study in terms of IC literature, the study offers the ability to compare the present study findings with similar findings across countries.
Global Energetics of Solar Flares. V. Energy Closure in Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Aschwanden Markus J. , Caspi Amir , Cohen Christina M. S. , Holman Gordon , Jing Ju , Kretzschmar Matthieu , Kontar Eduard P. , McTiernan James M. , Mewaldt Richard A. , O’Flannagain Aidan , Richardson Ian G. , Ryan Daniel , Warren Harry P. , Xu Yan
Published: February 2017

In this study we synthesize the results of four previous studies on the global energetics of solar flares and associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which include magnetic, thermal, nonthermal, and CME energies in 399 solar M- and X-class flare events observed during the first 3.5 yr of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) mission. Our findings are as follows. (1) The sum of the mean nonthermal energy of flare-accelerated particles (

), the energy of direct heating (

), and the energy in CMEs (

), which are the primary energy dissipation processes in a flare, is found to have a ratio of

, compared with the dissipated magnetic free energy

, which confirms energy closure within the measurement uncertainties and corroborates the magnetic origin of flares and CMEs. (2) The energy partition of the dissipated magnetic free energy is: 0.51 ± 0.17 in nonthermal energy of

electrons, 0.17 ± 0.17 in nonthermal

ions, 0.07 ± 0.14 in CMEs, and 0.07 ± 0.17 in direct heating. (3) The thermal energy is almost always less than the nonthermal energy, which is consistent with the thick-target model. (4) The bolometric luminosity in white-light flares is comparable to the thermal energy in soft X-rays (SXR). (5) Solar energetic particle events carry a fraction

of the CME energy, which is consistent with CME-driven shock acceleration. (6) The warm-target model predicts a lower limit of the low-energy cutoff at

, based on the mean peak temperature of the differential emission measure of T
e = 8.6 MK during flares. This work represents the first statistical study that establishes energy closure in solar flare/CME events.
Properties of Dense Cores Embedded in Musca Derived from Extinction Maps and 13CO, C18O, and NH3 Emission Lines
Authors: Machaieie Dinelsa A. , Vilas-Boas José W. , Wuensche Carlos A. , Racca Germán A. , Myers Philip C. , Hickel Gabriel R.
Published: February 2017

Using near-infrared data from the Two Micron All Sky Survey catalog and the Near Infrared Color Excess method, we studied the extinction distribution in five dense cores of Musca, which show visual extinction greater than 10 mag and are potential sites of star formation. We analyzed the stability in four of them, fitting their radial extinction profiles with Bonnor–Ebert isothermal spheres, and explored their properties using the J = 1–0 transition of 13CO and C18O and the J = K = 1 transition of NH3. One core is not well described by the model. The stability parameter of the fitted cores ranges from 4.5 to 5.7 and suggests that all cores are stable, including Mu13, which harbors one young stellar object (YSO), the IRAS 12322-7023 source. However, the analysis of the physical parameters shows that Mu13 tends to have larger A
V, n
c, and P
ext than the remaining starless cores. The other physical parameters do not show any trend. It is possible that those are the main parameters to explore in active star-forming cores. Mu13 also shows the most intense emission of NH3. Its 13CO and C18O lines have double peaks, whose integrated intensity maps suggest that they are due to the superposition of clouds with different radial velocities seen in the line of sight. It is not possible to state whether these clouds are colliding and inducing star formation or are related to a physical process associated with the formation of the YSO.
Pale Orange Dots: The Impact of Organic Haze on the Habitability and Detectability of Earthlike Exoplanets
Authors: Arney Giada N. , Meadows Victoria S. , Domagal-Goldman Shawn D. , Deming Drake , Robinson Tyler D. , Tovar Guadalupe , Wolf Eric T. , Schwieterman Edward
Published: February 2017

Hazes are common in known planetary atmospheres, and geochemical evidence suggests that early Earth occasionally supported an organic haze with significant environmental and spectral consequences. The UV spectrum of the parent star drives organic haze formation through methane photochemistry. We use a 1D photochemical-climate model to examine production of fractal organic haze on Archean Earth-analogs in the habitable zones of several stellar types: the modern and early Sun, AD Leo (M3.5V), GJ 876 (M4V), ϵ Eridani (K2V), and σ Boötis (F2V). For Archean-like atmospheres, planets orbiting stars with the highest UV fluxes do not form haze because of the formation of photochemical oxygen radicals that destroy haze precursors. Organic hazes impact planetary habitability via UV shielding and surface cooling, but this cooling is minimized around M dwarfs, whose energy is emitted at wavelengths where organic hazes are relatively transparent. We generate spectra to test the detectability of haze. For 10 transits of a planet orbiting GJ 876 observed by the James Webb Space Telescope, haze makes gaseous absorption features at wavelengths < 2.5 μm 2–10σ shallower than a haze-free planet, and methane and carbon dioxide are detectable at >5σ. A haze absorption feature can be detected at 5σ near 6.3 μm, but a higher signal-to-noise ratio is needed to distinguish haze from adjacent absorbers. For direct imaging of a planet at 10 pc using a coronagraphic 10 m class ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared telescope, a UV–blue haze absorption feature would be strongly detectable at >12σ in 200 hr.
The X-Ray Binary Population of the Nearby Dwarf Starburst Galaxy IC 10: Variable and Transient X-Ray Sources
Authors: Laycock Silas , Cappallo Rigel , Williams Benjamin F. , Prestwich Andrea , Binder Breanna , Christodoulou Dimitris M.
Published: February 2017

We have monitored the Cassiopeia dwarf galaxy (IC 10) in a series of 10 Chandra ACIS-S observations to capture its variable and transient X-ray source population, which is expected to be dominated by High Mass X-ray Binaries (HMXBs). We present a sample of 21 X-ray sources that are variable between observations at the 3σ level, from a catalog of 110 unique point sources. We find four transients (flux variability ratio greater than 10) and a further eight objects with ratios >5. The observations span the years 2003–2010 and reach a limiting luminosity of >1035 erg s−1, providing sensitivity to X-ray binaries in IC 10 as well as flare stars in the foreground Milky Way. The nature of the variable sources is investigated from light curves, X-ray spectra, energy quantiles, and optical counterparts. The purpose of this study is to discover the composition of the X-ray binary population in a young starburst environment. IC 10 provides a sharp contrast in stellar population age (<10 My) when compared to the Magellanic Clouds (40–200 My) where most of the known HMXBs reside. We find 10 strong HMXB candidates, 2 probable background Active Galactic Nuclei, 4 foreground flare-stars or active binaries, and 5 not yet classifiable sources. Complete classification of the sample requires optical spectroscopy for radial velocity analysis and deeper X-ray observations to obtain higher S/N spectra and search for pulsations. A catalog and supporting data set are provided.
Testing the Large-scale Environments of Cool-core and Non-cool-core Clusters with Clustering Bias
Authors: Medezinski Elinor , Battaglia Nicholas , Coupon Jean , Cen Renyue , Gaspari Massimo , Strauss Michael A. , Spergel David N.
Published: February 2017

There are well-observed differences between cool-core (CC) and non-cool-core (NCC) clusters, but the origin of this distinction is still largely unknown. Competing theories can be divided into internal (inside-out), in which internal physical processes transform or maintain the NCC phase, and external (outside-in), in which the cluster type is determined by its initial conditions, which in turn leads to different formation histories (i.e., assembly bias). We propose a new method that uses the relative assembly bias of CC to NCC clusters, as determined via the two-point cluster-galaxy cross-correlation function (CCF), to test whether formation history plays a role in determining their nature. We apply our method to 48 ACCEPT clusters, which have well resolved central entropies, and cross-correlate with the SDSS-III/BOSS LOWZ galaxy catalog. We find that the relative bias of NCC over CC clusters is b = 1.42 ± 0.35 (1.6σ different from unity). Our measurement is limited by the small number of clusters with core entropy information within the BOSS footprint, 14 CC and 34 NCC clusters. Future compilations of X-ray cluster samples, combined with deep all-sky redshift surveys, will be able to better constrain the relative assembly bias of CC and NCC clusters and determine the origin of the bimodality.
An Exploration of Heating Mechanisms in a Supra-arcade Plasma Sheet Formed after a Coronal Mass Ejection
Authors: Reeves Katharine K. , Freed Michael S. , McKenzie David E. , Savage Sabrina L.
Published: February 2017

We perform a detailed analysis of the thermal structure of the region above the post-eruption arcade for a flare that occurred on 2011 October 22. During this event, a sheet of hot plasma is visible above the flare loops in the 131 Å bandpass of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory. Supra-arcade downflows (SADs) are observed traveling sunward through the post-eruption plasma sheet. We calculate differential emission measures using the AIA data and derive an emission measure weighted average temperature in the supra-arcade region. In areas where many SADs occur, the temperature of the supra-arcade plasma tends to increase, while in areas where no SADs are observed, the temperature tends to decrease. We calculate the plane-of-sky velocities in the supra-arcade plasma and use them to determine the potential heating due to adiabatic compression and viscous heating. Of the 13 SADs studied, 10 have noticeable signatures in both the adiabatic and the viscous terms. The adiabatic heating due to compression of plasma in front of the SADs is on the order of 0.1–0.2 MK/s, which is similar in magnitude to the estimated conductive cooling rate. This result supports the notion that SADs contribute locally to the heating of plasma in the supra-arcade region. We also find that in the region without SADs, the plasma cools at a rate that is slower than the estimated conductive cooling, indicating that additional heating mechanisms may act globally to keep the plasma temperature high.
First Measurement of the 19F(α, p)22Ne Reaction at Energies of Astrophysical Relevance
Authors: Pizzone R. G. , D’Agata G. , Cognata M. La , Indelicato I. , Spitaleri C. , Blagus S. , Cherubini S. , Figuera P. , Grassi L. , Guardo G. L. , Gulino M. , Hayakawa S. , Kshetri R. , Lamia L. , Lattuada M. , Mijatović T. , Milin M. , Miljanić D. Đ. , Prepolec L. , Rapisarda G. G. , Romano S. , Sergi M. L. , Skukan N. , Soić N. , Tokić V. , Tumino A. , Uroić M.
Published: February 2017

The observational 19F abundance in stellar environments systematically exceeds the predicted one, thus representing one of the unsolved challenges for stellar modeling. It is therefore clear that further investigation is needed in this field. In this work, we focus our attention on the measurement of the

reaction in the astrophysical energy range, between 0.2 and 0.8 MeV (far below the Coulomb barrier, 3.8 MeV), as it represents the main destruction channel in He-rich environments. The lowest energy at which this reaction has been studied with direct measurements is ∼0.66 MeV, covering only the upper tail of the Gamow window, causing the reaction-rate evaluation to be based on extrapolation. To investigate lower energies, the

reaction has been studied by means of the Trojan horse method, applied to the quasi-free

reaction at E
beam = 6 MeV. The indirect cross section of the

reaction at energies ≲1 MeV was extracted, fully covering the astrophysical region of interest and overlapping existing direct data for normalization. Several resonances have been detected for the first time inside the Gamow window. The reaction rate has been calculated, showing an increase up to a factor of 4 with respect to the literature at astrophysical temperatures. This might lead to potential major astrophysical implications.
A Search for Interstellar Monohydric Thiols
Authors: Gorai Prasanta , Das Ankan , Das Amaresh , Sivaraman Bhalamurugan , Etim Emmanuel E. , Chakrabarti Sandip K.
Published: February 2017

It has been pointed out by various astronomers that a very interesting relationship exists between interstellar alcohols and the corresponding thiols (sulfur analog of alcohols) as far as the spectroscopic properties and chemical abundances are concerned. Monohydric alcohols such as methanol and ethanol are widely observed and 1-propanol was recently claimed to have been seen in Orion KL. Among the monohydric thiols, methanethiol (chemical analog of methanol) has been firmly detected in Orion KL and Sgr B2(N2) and ethanethiol (chemical analog of ethanol) has been observed in Sgr B2(N2), though the confirmation of this detection is yet to come. It is very likely that higher order thiols could be observed in these regions. In this paper, we study the formation of monohydric alcohols and their thiol analogs. Based on our quantum chemical calculation and chemical modeling, we find that the Tg conformer of 1-propanethiol is a good candidate of astronomical interest. We present various spectroscopically relevant parameters of this molecule to assist in its future detection in the interstellar medium.
Polarization Radiation with Turbulent Magnetic Fields from X-Ray Binaries
Authors: Zhang (张建福) Jian-Fu , Xiang (向福元) Fu-Yuan , Lu (卢炬甫) Ju-Fu
Published: February 2017

We study the properties of polarized radiation in turbulent magnetic fields from X-ray binary jets. These turbulent magnetic fields are composed of large- and small-scale configurations, which result in the polarized jitter radiation when the characteristic length of turbulence is less than the non-relativistic Larmor radius. On the contrary, the polarized synchrotron emission occurs, corresponding to a large-scale turbulent environment. We calculate the spectral energy distributions and the degree of polarization for a general microquasar. Numerical results show that turbulent magnetic field configurations can indeed provide a high degree of polarization, which does not mean that a uniform, large-scale magnetic field structure exists. The model is applied to investigate the properties of polarized radiation of the black-hole X-ray binary Cygnus X-1. Under the constraint of multiband observations of this source, our studies demonstrate that the model can explain the high polarization degree at the MeV tail and predict the highly polarized properties at the high-energy γ-ray region, and that the dominant small-scale turbulent magnetic field plays an important role for explaining the highly polarized observation at hard X-ray/soft γ-ray bands. This model can be tested by polarization observations of upcoming polarimeters at high-energy γ-ray bands.