bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diseño y creación: modelo integral de desarrollo empresarial (MIDE)
Authors: Flores-Sandoval Andrés , Escudero-Acuña Javier , Lois-Silva Diego , Sandoval-Moreno Felipe , Valdés-Contreras Javier
Published: July 2021

La temática se circunscribe en los diferentes estándares de desarrollo en el control, planificación y la gestión de las organizaciones en las que identificamos, entre otros, bajos niveles en diseño del modelo de negocio (coherencia y definición de la propuesta de valor) incluyendo procesos claves y de apoyo ineficaces que impactan directamente en los clientes. La carencia de automatización, baja migración en aspectos tecnológicos, poca autonomía, carencia de medición en la gestión, poca relevancia en las competencias del capital humano; todo lo anterior incide en la eficiencia y sostenibilidad de la organización.Por eso, el objetivo de la herramienta MIDE es que permita evaluar, diagnosticar y proponer acciones de mejora, en forma rápida y fundamentada, con la finalidad de medir el grado de desarrollo de los sistemas o mecanismos de control de gestión de las empresas, contribuyendo a las acciones de mejora de su gestión. El modelo desarrollado es innovador y sustentado principalmente en Kaplan y Norton respecto al mapa y sus cuatro perspectivas estratégicas (aprendizaje y crecimiento, Procesos, clientes y finanzas) además de la aplicación de metodologías como Design Thinking, Ciclo de Deming y el método Lean Startup entre otras relevantes con el propósito de la obtención de resultados que tengan una forma lógica, coherente y en consecuencia una herramienta nueva para el ámbito de las organizaciones con y sin fines de lucro, midiendo a su vez también, aspectos tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos sobre estas mismas dimensiones respecto a involucramiento, control y gestión de resultados, es decir, en términos más prácticos, ayuda a conocer el grado de eficiencia desde lo más micro a lo más macro y marca la hoja de ruta con todas las oportunidades de mejora.
TO STUDY THE RISK FACTOR OF POST-PARTUM HEMORRHAGE IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTH WEST RAJASTHAN
Authors: Khajotia Santosh , Choudhary Kavita , Khichar Moolchand , Gupta Manoj , Sharma Madhuri , Bijarniya Mamta
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Present study was conducted to evaluate the risk factor of PPH. 

Methodology: Study group comprises of 100 females attending obstetrics and gynecology department in S.P. Medical College, Bikaner. Delivered women ? 28 weeks seen during the first hour of PPH with visual blood loss >500 ml in normal vaginal delivery and > 1000 ml during LSCS were included in the study. 

Results: Out of 100 cases, 17(17%) had multiparity followed by 7(7%) each had previous LSCS and prolonged labor, 5(5%) each had multiple pregnancy and macrosomia, 3(3%) each had placenta previa and previous 2 LSCS, 2(2%) each had postdatism and precipitate labor and 1(1%) had breech.

Conclusion: Multiparty was most common risk factor.

Keywords: Hemorrhage, Post-partum, Risk factor
LA MARJAL
Authors: Navarro de Lemus José
Published: July 2021

Texto dramático breve
ESCENARIOS PARA EL PROGRESO: EL BALLET EXCELSIOR EN LA EXPOSICIÓN UNIVERSAL DE BARCELONA DE 1888
Authors:   UCM, Gómez Cifuentes Blanca
Published: July 2021

Durante la Exposición Universal de Barcelona de 1888, el Teatro Novedades estrenó el ballet Excelsior, una de las obras más im-portantes del ballet clásico y símbolo de la defensa del progreso cientí-fico como instrumento de paz en la sociedad decimonónica. El éxito del ballet colocó a Barcelona a la altura de otras ciudades como Milán o París en cuanto a su calidad artística y dancística, convirtiéndose este en uno de los episodios más interesantes de la historia de la danza en nuestro país.
Health Risks to the Russian Population from Weather Extremes in 2010—2020. Part 2. Floods, Typhoons, Ice Rain, Droughts
Authors: Grigorieva Elena A. , Revich Boris A.
Published: July 2021

Climate change and climate-sensitive disasters caused by hydrological, meteorological, and climatic hazards have a significant and increasing direct and indirect impact on human health, leading to an increased risk of death, disease, and injury. Due to its vast area, complex geographical and ecological environment, and various climatic conditions, Russia is one of the countries that suffer a lot from frequent climate and weather hazards. The review provides information about weather extremes in Russia in 2010—2020 — floods, typhoons, freezing rain, droughts, and their impact on the health and livelihoods of the population. It is concluded that while most of the dangerous hydrometeorological events cannot be completely avoided, many health impacts can potentially be prevented through early warning systems and public health preparedness and response measures, through the establishment of climate-resilient health systems and other management structures.
Challenges of Integration Risk Management of Sustainability of Business Processes to Corporate Governance of the Company
Authors: Vereshchagin Victor V. , Shemyakina Tatyana Yu.
Published: July 2021

The sustainability of risk management process discussed in this article is a business process that supports the company’s sustainability goals and aims to align sustainability with risk management based on corporate risk management principles. The associated risks are determined by the ESG practice of the company’s business, its strategy and the sector of the economy in which it operates. The Committee on Sustainable Development of FERMA in ESG considers environmental risks (climate, resources, pollution), social risks (people and communications, products and services, external and internal shareholders) and management risks (corporate governance, business ethics and behavior). Companies in the “sustainable development” phase take a corporate approach to ESG risks and link them to common strategic objectives. In the process of identifying ESG risks, it is possible to follow different approaches, in particular, maintaining a risk register, including ESG risks, or discussing the company’s various sustainability prospects with top management and shareholders and, associated risks, or sorting risks related to strategic, operational and external, taking into account the impact on the state of sustainability of the company and, finally, in-depth analysis of all sustainability risks can be performed, and identified risks can be tracked in a common registry along with other business risks. The risk assessment phase aims at potential risk by quantifying its probability of occurrence and impact. At the same time, the assessment of sustainability should be broader and multidimensional, the potential consequences for the company, its reputation and durability should be taken into account.
FEATURES OF A NETWORK ORGANIZATION OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY
Authors: Buniak Nadiia
Published: July 2021

The article examines the features of a network organization of innovative activity. A definite trend of development of a knowledge economy is the shift towards partnerships in the innovation sphere. In the work it is determined that many problems associated with creating an enabling environment for activating innovative processes on the basis of network interaction are still poorly studied. It makes appropriate to carry out further research in this sphere. The network form of interaction bases on the principles of equal partnership, agreed in time and space of behavior of participants. It brings together the whole process of developing, producing and disseminating innovations. A typical network structure is an open system that consists of a set of interconnected elements (participants). They interact and exchange information to create and enhance competitive advantage, have roughly equal access to core resources, and have equal direct relations with other participants. They all get benefit from network interaction, regardless of their size and type of activity. The formation of innovation networks is a complex process that involves the selection and voluntary integration of stakeholders into a single network. Modern innovation networks are based on the concept of open innovation, which involves the use of external ideas and technologies while allowing other stakeholders to use their own ideas. The process of formation of innovation networks involves the emergence of the initiator bringing together a number of enterprises in the efficient production of innovation. The network structure is a modern model for the redistribution of tangible and intangible assets, allowing its participants to reduce time and material costs to adapt to market conditions. The presence of horizontal links and the sharing of available resources significantly accelerates the process of transforming scientific knowledge into innovation and its commercialization. Increasing the interaction between participants leads to the accumulation of innovation potential and the activation of innovative processes.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE FORMS OF ACCOUNTING IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kononenko Lesya , Nazarova Halyna ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kuts Victoria ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: July 2021

The article describes the study and forecasting of the basic directions of transformation of forms of accounting in the context of digital technologies development. The research methodology is based on the general scientific methods of cognition: historical, logical, systemic, induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, classification, grouping. Mankind is at the edge of the fourth industrial revolution – based on the digital technologies rapid development and fundamentally changes all the life spheres. Digital technologies development primarily benefits those economic sectors that are associated with the provision of services where thinking, creativity, human participation is needed. Such areas include accounting, which is transformed under the digital technologies influence. This is what determines the relevance of the study. The article researches main digital technologies, such as Artificial intelligence, Cloud technologies and computing, Big Data, Blockchain, the development of which has the greatest impact on the system and forms of accounting. The article states that the definition where the form of accounting is analyzed as an algorithm of information processing from the moment the primary document receiving to reporting is the most reasonable. It is proved that the use of digital technologies is a priority in the development of accounting, which leads to transformations in the "algorithm of information processing from the moment the primary document receiving to reporting" (accounting form), significantly improves the quality of accounting information processing, optimizes costs, expands the access of stakeholders to financial information, provides higher speed of work with accounting information in the real-time regime, provides an increase in the level of customers trust, leads to an increase in the storage of accounting data. The main problems points using digital technologies are the protection of information, the possibility of cyber-attacks, the lack of legal regulation. This causes the slow introduction of these technologies by domestic enterprises. Prospects for further research are the analysis of effective tools to minimize the risks caused by digital technologies in accounting.
Melatonin promotes gastric healing by modulating the components of matrix metalloproteinase signaling pathway: a novel scenario for gastric ulcer management
Authors: Majumder Romit , Datta Madhuri , Chattopadhyay Aindrila , Bandyopadhyay Debasish
Published: July 2021

Over the past few decades, since the induction of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) as a therapeutic tool in controlling gastropathy, a substantial decline in the incidence of gastric ulcer and its related manifestations has been achieved globally. However, there are a lot of skeptics on the steady rise in the list of complications following long-term use of these drugs, especially in chronic and elderly patients. Hence, the search for a sustainable cure for these gastropathies has never actually ended; this let us consider that melatonin, an endogenous antioxidant, might have a utility in this respect. Although researchers have linked melatonin with accelerated post ulcerative wound healing, many of these studies have failed to identify the confounding factors and plausible healing mechanisms. In this review, we attempt to identify the underline mechanisms as to the protective effects of melatonin on a variety of gastropathies.  Based on the evidence, we select the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to be the main targets of melatonin. MMPs play a key role in maintaining the balance between extracellular matrix degradation and tissue remodeling, therefore, they act as the integral connection between the ulcer manifestation and healing. Thus, gastric ulceration occurs where this balance is disrupted. Melatonin can preserve this balance during the onset of gastric ulcers. In this review, we have also discussed the effects of melatonin on the different isoforms of MMPs and their roles in gastric ulceration, respectively. We hope that this will bestow us with a better understanding of the development of the gastric ulcer, as well as its cure.
GONADAL AND EXTRA-GONADAL SPERM RESERVES OF KANO BROWN BUCKS AS INFLUENCED BY SEASON AND FEEDING REGIME IN SEMI-ARID ZONE OF NIGERIA
Authors: Nasir M. , Aliyu A. M. , Rotimi E. A.
Published: July 2021

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of season and feeding regime on reproductive parameters of Kano Brown bucks. A total of fourty eight (48) bucks were used for this study which comprised sixteen (16) bucks per season. At the end of this study twelve (12) bucks, three from each treatment were orchidectomised. Twenty-four right and left testes were harvested, testicular weight (g) and length (cm) were measured. Epididymis was carefully separated from the testes using scapel blade and then separated into three parts (carput, corpus and cauda epididymides) weight (g) and length (cm) were also measured. Testes and epididymis were used to determine gonadal and extra gonadal (x 106)/g/testis which was done in the laboratory. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using Completely Randomized Design. The results of gonadal sperm reserves (x 106)/g/testis differed significantly among the seasons, dry season recorded the highest mean value (2896.83 x106)/g/testis whereas rainy season had the lowest mean value (2350.15 x106)/g/testis. Similarly, for extra gonadal sperm reserves, dry season also recorded the highest values (1736.00 x 106) followed by harmattan season (1037.50 x 106). Based on the results of this study, it could be concluded that season and feeding regime had a significant effect on gonadal and extra gonadal sperm/spermatid reserves of Kano Brown bucks. Breeding bucks should be raised during rainy and harmattan seasons.
Editorial: BioCamb: 10 años contribuyendo al conocimiento de la biodiversidad en el Ecuador
Authors: Oleas Nora H. , Valencia Kevin , Peña Paola , Páez-Vacas Mónica , Salazar Laura , Tobes Ibon
Published: July 2021

Este editorial resume los 10 años de historia y los principales logros del Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb), de la Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica. El BioCamb fue creado el 15 de julio del 2011, en respuesta a la necesidad de conocer la diversidad biológica del Ecuador, incluyendo su interrelación con el ser humano. Estos años ha publicado más de 140 artículos en revistas indexadas en Scopus con investigadores de 48 países, de 412 instituciones. Estas investigaciones se han centrado en Ecuador y en los Andes y han descrito 53 nuevas especies. El BioCamb, con la Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, puso en marcha la Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, y las maestrías en Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático y en Gestión Ambiental. Además, ha impulsado la ciencia ciudadana, organizando, varios BioBlitz y el Desafío Naturaleza Urbana, y trabajos comunitarios integrados en proyectos de investigación o a través de la vinculación con la sociedad. El BioCamb ha conseguido integrar las tres funciones sustantivas de la educación superior, docencia, investigación y vinculación con la sociedad, aportando con conocimiento y profesionales que trabajen por el desarrollo sostenible de Ecuador y la conservación de su biodiversidad.
Experience with Rectangular Titanium Cages in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in a Single Unit of a Tertiary Level Hospital, Dhaka.
Authors: Islam Md Joynul , Ashadullah ATM , Elahy Fazle , Uddin Kazi Hafiz , Ahmad Misbah Uddin , Mondle Md Shamsuzzaman , Ali Md Masum , Saha Sanat Kumar , Asfia Kazi Nur , Rashid Mirza Md Hafizur
Published: July 2021

Background: Anterior cervical discectomy is a common procedure for treating patients for cervical disc prolapse. This study was conducted to evaluate the surgical outcome and demographic characteristics of patients who were treated for anterior cervical disc prolapse.
Methods: Study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery-spine, National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka. Study interval was 5 years from January, 2014 to 31st December, 2019. Total numbers of patients were 215. Males were 183 (85.1%) and females were 32 (14.9%). All the patients had undergone the procedure of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with RABEA Rectangular Titanium Cages (RTC). All the patients had plain MRI cervical spine done for diagnosis of anterior cervical disc prolapse. Surgical and Clinical preoperative evaluation and surgical outcomes were evaluated using pre- and postoperative Nurick, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), for Myelopathy, overall Odoms outcome scores, postoperative surgical complications, and fusion and subsidence rates.
Results: Total 215 patients underwent ACDF; the mean age of these patients was 44.66 years, and their preoperative VAS and NDI, scores were 8.09 and 35.38 respectively. Sixty seven percent of patients had one level, 25.1% had two-level, and 7.9% had three-level procedures. On preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI), foraminal stenosis was present in 68.4% of patients, whereas medullar stenosis was present in 43.7%. The rate of complications was 2.8%: two patients had postoperative implant migration (0.93%), three patients had postoperative transient dysphagia (1.4%) and one patients had temporary hoarseness of voice. Mean postoperative follow-up time was 6.7 months; postoperative VAS and NDI scores were 1.10 and 14.4, respectively. Postoperative fusion rate was 93.5%, and subsidence rate was 5.6%.
Conclusion: Results with Rectangular Titanium Cages are expectedly good. Symptoms resolved and fusion rate was 93.5% at 1 year follow up.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 10(2): 137-147
Surgery of atlantoaxial dislocation by Posterior Decompression Fusion & Fixation at Lateral Mass Screw of C1 & Pedicle Screw & Rod by C2: A Study of 30 Cases
Authors: Nath Haradhan Deb , Barua Kanak Kanti , Banyea Purusttam , Biswas Pulak Kumar , Halder Rathin , Ahsan Md Ashik
Published: July 2021

Background: Atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) is a potentially fatal disturbance to the normal occipital-cervical anatomy that affects some populations disproportionately, which may cause permanent neurologic deficits or sagittal deformity if not treated in a timely and appropriate manner.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study, which was carried out at the Department of Neurosurgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from July 2010 to June 2017. We have studied 30 patients of atlantoaxial subluxation. After collecting patient admission data a brief history and clinical examinations were done. We have conducted a retrospective analysis of the outcomes of 30 consecutive spinal surgeries performed for AAS patients, by posterior decompression, fusion & fixation at lateral mass screw of C1 & pedicle screw & rod by C2 in all cases. We have compared our findings with a previous study. We also examined the factors related to poor outcomes.
Result: From a surgical method perspective, the patients underwent post decompression, fusion & fixation at lateral mass screw of C1 & pedicle screw & rod by C2. After surgery, closed follow up was done. The highest age group was 21-40 years 40%. Most of the sufferer were male 80%. The commonest cause was road traffic accident 26.66%. The commonest clinical finding was quadriparesis 14(46.67%). The majority of the patients 24(80%) improved after surgery. In our present study after surgery neurological improvement rate is 83.33%, the rate of SSI was indeed high 10.00%, total death rate was 3.33%, the hardware failure rate was 3.33% and the reoperation rate reached 6.66%.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the C1/2 fixation technique exhibited effectiveness in terms of neurological recovery.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 10(2): 148-153
Medulloblastoma: A Common Pediatric Tumor: Experience of a Tertiary Care Cancer Center of Bangladesh.
Authors: Ghosh Ashis Kumar , Saha Sanat Kumar , Amin Abu Naser Mohammad Al , Das Gupta Sudeshna Priyadarshini , Islam Md Joynul
Published: July 2021

Background: Medulloblastoma is a common malignancy in the paediatric population, accounting for 25% of all childhood brain tumors. The increasing magnitude of childhood cancer has become a threatening problem in developing countries like Bangladesh. But we have not enough data regarding the diseases of the children of Bangladesh. There is no literature available to shed light on Clinico-pathological types, diagnostic facilities and treatment patterns of this childhood cancer in our population. So this study is an opportunity to have experience about pediatric medulloblastoma of Bangladesh.
Methods: The study conducted from January 2014 to December 2018 at National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH). Data are collected from admitted children aged under 18 years in the department of Pa ediatric Hematology and Oncology (PHO) and confirmed by histopathology and/or immunohistochemistry after collection of tissues from pathological lab. The data were obtained from statistical analysis by PSPP software
Results: During 2014 to 2018 total diagnosed cases of childhood meduloblastoma were 57 but data were analyzed from only 52 patients. Male female ratio was 1.9:1. Median age of our patients was 6.12 years. Most common clinical features at preoperative assessment were vomiting, headache, fever, convulsion, eye/vision involvement. Hydrocephalus was Present in 48 (92%) cases. Radiologically distal metastasis were found in 2 (3.85%) cases. Tumor resection was performed in all patients and total removal in 56.80% (N-25), gross total removal 25% (N-11), and partial removal 18.20% (N-8) and in 8 cases resection type were not elicited. Pathological grading were recorded in 52 patients , where all were Grade-IV (100 %).Within 22 months of follow up time absconded patients were 44.4%, partially treated cases are 9.6% with high death rate (23%). Regular treated cases with good outcome were 23%.
Conclusions: Medulloblastoma is a challenging condition for neurosurgeon, radiotherapist and oncologists of Bangladesh. We have to reduce the abandon cases; review the risk stratification by using molecular profile and enhance the support service to improve the survival rate. RT- radiotherapy, CT-Chemotherapy, UB-Urinary Bladder. All patients underwent preoperative Computed tomography (CT) or Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of head (Fig.1) But 90.4% (N-47) MRI/CT reports were able to given a proposed diagnosis like medulloblastoma or ependymoma, 5.7% (N-3) diagnosed as space occupying lesion (SOL) and 2 (3.9%) case didn’t make any remarks regarding the brain lesion (Table-3).Tumors arise from midline (Vermis) were 71.15% (N-37 ) and from hemisphere were 28.85% (N-15).
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 10(2): 154-162
Outcome of Surgery of Vestibular Schwannomas in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Kazi Hafiz , Islam Md Joynul , Ashadullah ATM , Elahy Fazle , Ahmad Misbah Uddin , Sonia Suraiya Jahan , Alam Shafiul , Rashid Mirza Md Hafizur
Published: July 2021

Background: Presenting symptoms, treatment considerations, and outcome are strongly related to the extension of vestibular schwannomas (VS). The aim of the current retrospective study was to analyze the clinical features, microsurgical treatment, and outcome of VS with brainstem compression.
Methods: Seventy patients presented with VS who had undergone operative procedures performed in our unit from 2017 to 2019. The facial nerve function and hearing assessment was done according to House-Brackmann [HB] grading and pure tone audiometry (PTA) respectively. All patients were operated by retro-mastoid suboccipital approach.
Results: Most patients had large tumors and had no useful hearing (85%), had disabling cerebellar ataxia (92.86%) and presented with features of raised intracranial pressure (48.57%). Large sized tumors were in 32.86% and giant sized tumors were in 57.14% cases. Complete tumor excision was carried out 92.86% and anatomical preservation of facial nerve was achieved in 73.85% cases. Hearing preservation was achieved in 4 patients. Cerebrospinal fluid leak with or without meningitis and transient lower cranial nerve paresis were common complications. The mortality rate was 7.14%.
Conclusions: Complete tumor excision with good facial nerve preservation can be achieved in large vestibular schwannomas. Hearing preservation is difficult in larger tumors. Primary microsurgical resection is an appropriate management option for large VS. In our experience, this goal can be achieved safely and successfully by using the retrosigmoid approach.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 10(2): 175-181
Multiple Intraventricular Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma – A Rare Case Report
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Nazrul , Rashid Mohammad. Humayun , Mamun Abdullah Al , Hasan Mahmudul
Published: July 2021

Lymphoma of the central nervous system can present with a wide variety of clinical symptoms and imaging characteristics which can be challenging for radiologist as well as neurosurgeons to deal with. Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) accounts for 1% of all primary brain tumors which is a rare variant of extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. We report a case primary central nervous system Non-Hodgkins lymphoma presenting a multiple intraventricular and periventricular masses in a 14 years young man with severe headache, convulsion and unsteady gait. The diagnosis was obtained by image guided surgical biopsy. This is an unusual presentation of primary central nervous system lymphoma involving lateral ventricle and 3rd ventricle while the majority of the case presenting as solitary masses.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 10(2): 206-209
Anatomical vs Functional Preservation of Facial Nerve in a case of Petrous Apex Meningioma
Authors: Khan Robert Ahmed , Rahman Md Moshiur , Khan SIM Khairun Nabi , Kuddus Md Ruhul
Published: July 2021

Abstract not available
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 10(2): 216-222
Spinal Cystic Schwannoma: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Das Sukriti , Khan Akhlaque Hossain , Sarker Asit Chandra , Ghosh Dipankar
Published: July 2021

Spinal cystic Schwannomas are very rare tumors and have been reported in only a few case reports in literature. Our case, Mrs. Halima, a 48-year-old female was admitted in Neurosurgery department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital with the complaints of low back pain more at night occasionally radiating to right buttock and numbness and tingling of the right lower limb for 2 years. MRI of Lumbo-sacral spine revealed a large circumscribed and well delineated intradural extramedullary space occupying lesion of iso to hypointense appearance in T1WI with ring enhancement on administration of gadolinium. Per-operative observation and post-operative histopathological examination revealed schwannoma. Contrast enhanced MRI was very important for the diagnosis of this rare type of tumor and surgical planning. Surgical removal was complete and patient was recovered uneventfully.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 10(2): 223-225
Parametric Study on Co-Feeding of Municipal Solid Waste and Coal in an IGCC Power Plant with Pre-Combustion Carbon Capture
Authors: Hossain Md Shahriar , Kamal Suprio , Chowdhury Mahbub , Islam Md Tariful , Kirtania Kawnish
Published: July 2021

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the top contributors in greenhouse gas (i.e. methane) emissions - particularly from landfill disposals. However, it could be a remarkable source of renewable energy. In Bangladesh, generation of municipal solid waste is at least 2.7 million tonne per year in the major cities, implying a heavy environmental burden. On the other hand, there are several coal-based power plants are in the pipeline to meet the increasing energy demand in Bangladesh with the potential of significant CO2 emission. To find a remedy to the above situation, a power plant using Integrated Gasification and Combustion Cycle (IGCC) technology with pre-combustion carbon capture is considered in this study. IGCC has the advantage of producing high quality syngas from a wide variety of feed and assists in the capture of CO2 at a lower cost while providing high electric efficiency. The power plant was simulated by commercial simulation packages (Aspen PLUS™ and Aspen HYSYS™) using MSW and bituminous coal (Indonesian) as a combined feed. With a feed rate of 1800 tonne per day, Syngas produced from an entrained flow type gasifier was then treated for CO2 removal using mono-ethanol amine (MEA) solvent after necessary shift in a high temperature shift reactor. About 91% efficiency was achieved in the shift reactor while the CO2 capture efficiency was varied for this study from 30% to 85%. Further parametric variation was studied by varying the moisture content of MSW and MSW to coal feed ratio. Through combustion of the H2 rich syngas in a gas turbine and subsequent steam cycle with reheat resulted in 125 MW of electricity at an efficiency of 28.95% while capturing 50% of the CO2 generated in the process for an MSW to Coal feed ratio of 1:1. With variation in moisture content especially during monsoon season, the plant efficiency could be affected remarkably. On the other hand, it was observed that the energy requirement varied from 6 to 8 MW for every 10% increase in CO2 capture quantity. Overall, by capturing 50% of the generated CO2, it is possible to reduce the emission of a same size ultra-supercritical coal-based power plant from about 700 kg CO2/MWh to about 360 kg of net CO2/MWh incorporating co-feeding and pre-combustion capture in an IGCC power plant.

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 21(2020) 37-42
Effect of Single and Mixed Inoculum on Biogas Yield During Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: Hossain Md Shahadat , Rahman Md Anisur , Karim Tahmid Ul , Onik Mahade Hassan , Yousuf Abu
Published: July 2021

Organic municipal solid waste (OMSW) - a potential energy source - is creating serious environmental hazards across Bangladesh, but it can be digested for biogas production to meet the ever-increasing energy demand of the country. The present study applied the dry anaerobic digestion (DAD) process for biogas production from OMSW with inoculum cow manure (CM) and anaerobic sludge (AS) in single and mixed modes. The performance of the DAD process was evaluated in batch digesters with a multilayer inoculum flow pattern maintained at the constant mesophilic condition of 37 °C. Firstly, CM and AS were studied individually, and later on, both of them were used together in different ratios (AS:CM = 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 2:1) to maximize the biogas yield from the DAD process. CM alone produced a total of 2.91 ml biogas/ g of biomass over 35 days of DAD while this yield was increased to 3.19 ml/g for mixed inoculum at the ratio of 1:3. These results imply that mixed-mode inoculums would be a promising option in the DAD process for biogas production which will reduce both the energy scarcity and the burden of municipal solid waste (MSW) management.

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 21(2020) 77-81
Heat and Mass Transfer Predictive 3D Model of Mango Kernel During Convection Oven Drying Process
Authors: Islam Md Shafiul , Ali Md Sumon , Rahman Mohammad Nurur , Das Pabitra Chandra
Published: July 2021

A large number of mangoes are utilized in process industries which produce a large amount of mango kernel that can be utilized effectively as a by-product. Processing and utilization of mango kernel flour is getting more scientific interest day by day. Drying is one of the major operations of flour processing where the moisture loss and heat transfer phenomena across the different portions of the products have to be pre-defined for better drying accuracy. The study was conducted to define a compatible predictive model that represents a 3D expression of heat penetration through the mango kernel slice (MKS) and moisture losses during drying with convective oven dryer using COMSOL Multiphysics with originated boundary conditions, excluding the changes of properties due to varying mangoes species. The model was validated using a convective drying process for varying thicknesses 4, 6 and 8 mm of MKSs having temperature elevated to 60oC and 1 ms-1 air velocity up to 5 hr. The developed model was concurred and correlated well with the experimental data and can be used in describing heat and mass transfer phenomena while drying the mango kernel.

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 21(2020) 82-87
Technical and Economic Aspects of Reusing Textile Effluent as Process Water: A Case Study of Denim Washing Factory
Authors: Ahmad Mesbah , Abir Majed Alam , Khan Mohidus Samad
Published: July 2021

Textile and apparel industries are the major role-players in the fast-growing economy of Bangladesh. However, the textile sector consumes a large amount of water for various wet processing operations. Currently 98% of the water used by local textile factories is groundwater, which is causing depletion of ground water levels at a high rate. Considering the gravity of groundwater crisis in future, Bangladesh Government and international brands and retailers are advocating local textile factories to reuse textile effluents and implement ZLD (zero liquid discharge) option in the upcoming years. However, it is a new concept for Bangladesh textile sector, and there is limited understanding regarding technical and economic issues associated to advanced treatment and reusing textile effluent. In this paper, a case study is presented to analyse the application of advanced membrane treatment of conventional ETP (effluent treatment plant) treated water of a denim washing factory. The corresponding technical and economic issues of water recycling and reusing were also analyzed. The selected denim washing factory runs a conventional biological effluent treatment plant (ETP) which satisfies the basic requirements of national and international standards. For advanced treatment, a mobile setup of ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) unit was used at factory premises to further treat ETP treated water. The advanced treatment was carried out for three different permeate to reject ratios to observe changes in the permeate and reject water quality. Capital expenditure and operational costs were also assessed to see the economic feasibility of the approach. This study will help local textile factories with real time data to understand the technical and economic issues associated to reusing textile wastewater as process water.

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 21(2020) 127-132
Study of Growth Kinetics of High Lipid Content Algae in Local Environment
Authors: Ferdous Anika , Khandaker Md Mursalin Rahman , Ahmad Farid , Munshi John Liton , Khan Mohidus Samad
Published: July 2021

In recent years algae has been receiving a lot of interest as an alternate source of biofuel. Fast growth and rich lipid content make algae a great candidate for producing eco-friendly and non-toxic biodiesel. The strain Chlorella vulgaris, has shown great potential as a source of oil. To optimize the mass culture of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, it is necessary to develop growth kinetic model of Chlorella vulgaris. This work presents a comparative study on growth kinetics of Chlorella vulgaris in batch cultures in four different media, namely- CH, modified CH, Bold’s Basal (BB), and modified Bold’s Basal (BB). Spectroscopic analysis was supported by visual change of color in the algal biomass solution and the microscopic imaging, and was validated with dry cell mass measurement in this study. The data were analyzed to produce growth curves to find exponential phase for each medium. Exponential phases are the best period to harvest the culture. Hence the duration of exponential phase and the final biomass concentration at the end of exponential phase are two important parameters to determine the most suitable medium for mass culture. In this study the overall specific growth, doubling time and biomass productivity of Chlorella vulgaris for CH, modified CH, BB and modified BB media were measured. This study will help to find a suitable media to culture Chlorella vulgaris, a high lipid content algae in the local environment. The information can be used to design a system for mass culture of the strain for biodiesel production.

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 21(2020) 133-138
Retroauricular Hairline Incision and V-Shaped Incision for Parotidectomy
Authors: Hong Ji Song , Ahn Dongbin , Lee Gil Joon , Sohn Jin Ho
Published: July 2021

Background and Objectives There have not been any studies that compared retroauricular hairline (RAH) and V-shaped incisions for parotidectomy. In this regard, we aimed to evaluate the results of RAH and V-shaped incisions.Subjects and Method Between 2016 and 2019, 81 patients who underwent parotidectomy using RAH (n=46) and V-shaped (n=35) incisions were included in this study. Patient characteristics, tumor profiles, surgical parameters, postoperative complications, and cosmetic results were assessed. Mann-Whitney U test and the chi-squared test were used to inspect differences in continuous and categorical variables between the groups, respectively.Results In the RAH and V-shaped groups, the patient age was 52.7 and 42.1 years, respectively (p=0.002), and the tumour size was 2.7 and 1.8 cm, respectively (p<0.001). All parotidectomies were successfully completed with no incision extension or major complications. There were no significant differences in surgical parameters and postoperative complications between the two groups. The subjective scar satisfaction scores assessed at 3 months postoperatively were 9.0 and 9.3 in the RAH and V-shaped groups, respectively (p=0.191). The scores of male patients were 8.9 and 9.5 in the RAH and V-shaped groups, respectively, (p=0.026), while those of the female patients were 9.2 and 9.2, respectively (p=0.906).Conclusion The RAH and V-shaped incisions yields comparable surgical and cosmetic outcomes, with high patient satisfaction. For male patients, the use of V-shaped incision, if indicated, would provide higher scar satisfaction than the use of RAH incision.
Two Cases of Cerebral Infarction after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Jo Ki Hun , Seo Yoon Soo , Kwon Jae Hwan , Kim Joo Yeon
Published: July 2021

Perioperative stroke is one of the most fatal complications for patients as well as for doctors. It is defined as a brain infarction or hemorrhage, occurring during or within 30 days after a surgical procedure. Most of the perioperative strokes have ischemic etiology while only 1% has hemorrhagic etiology, according to one study. The incidence of perioperative stroke is influenced by the complexity and type of the surgery. Generally, its incidence is very low, being about to 0.1-1.9%, with majority of the cases pertaining to cardiac, vascular, neurological surgeries. Based on our research, most cases are perioperative strokes that occur after cardiac and vascular surgeries. Here we report two cases of cerebral infarction after endoscopic sinus surgery, which are very rare.
Lobular Capillary Hemangioma of the Hypopharynx
Authors: An Tae Hoon , Park Seung Jin , Shin Min Jun , Song Yong Jin
Published: July 2021

Lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH) is a rapidly growing benign vascular neoplasm of unknown etiology. LCH usually occurs on the cutaneous and mucosal surfaces, such as gingiva, lips, fingers, and face. LCH was previously called ‘pyogenic granuloma (PG),’ because it was thought to be granulation of tissue occurring in reaction to an infectious etiology despite the fact that it demonstrates no infectious signs in histology or microbiology. Instead, its features seem more like angiomatous lesions rather than granulomatous lesions, so the term ‘LCH’ has been used thereafter. Reports of LCH of hypopharynx have been rare. Here we report a 63-yearold male patient with LCH of hypopharynx with a review of related literature.
Light diffraction in a plane-parallel layered structure with the parameters of a Pendry lens
Authors: Selina N V
Published: July 2021

The solution of Maxwell’s equations for a plane electromagnetic wave and a Gaussian beam propagating in a Pendry lens has been obtained. The mathematical form of the solution explains details of image formation in such a structure. It is shown that not only the plane wave but also the Gaussian beam in this case is characterized by the absence of diffraction, so the Gaussian beam does not expand when propagated in a multilayer Pendry lens of any size.
Rhizosphere P-Enzyme Activity, Mineral Nutrient Concentrations, and Microbial Community Structure Are Altered by Intra-Hole Cropping of Cowpea With Cereals
Authors: Jaiswal Sanjay K. , Maredi Mpelang P. , Dakora Felix D.
Published: July 2021

In Africa, intercropping and intra-hole cropping systems are common practices used by smallholder farmers to optimize land use and tap the benefits of plant-to-plant interactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate mineral nutrient concentrations, P-enzyme activity and changes in microbial communities in the rhizospheres of sole cropped and intra-hole planted cowpea (cvs. TVu 546 and PAN 311), maize (cv. ZM 521), and sorghum (cv. M48). Cowpea cv. TVu546 intra-hole planted with sorghum (i.e., TVu546+M48) produced the highest rhizosphere acid phosphatase (APase) activity (230.0 μg p-nitrophenol.g−1 soil.h−1). From 16S rRNA Miseq Illumina sequencing, the rhizosphere bacterial community structure was altered by intra-hole cropping, and was dominated by Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia, which together accounted for about >95% of the total sequences. The Sphingobacteria phylum was the dominant microbial group in the rhizosphere soil of all the cropping systems. The Proteobacteria phylum was the second most abundant in this study, which included the beneficial bacteria in all the rhizosphere soils studied. In contrast, typical pathogens like Ralsotonia and Agrobacterium were completely absent, indicating that the intra-hole cropping system can provide protection against soil-borne diseases possibly through elimination by antibiotics and/or phytoalexins present in plant and microbial exudates in the rhizosphere. Mucilaginibacter and Flavobacterium were however selectively present with intra-hole cropping.
Reconstruction of Secondary Metabolic Pathway to Synthesize Novel Metabolite in Saccharopolyspora erythraea
Authors: Ren Chong-Yang , Liu Yong , Wei Wen-Ping , Dai Junbiao , Ye Bang-Ce
Published: July 2021

Natural polyketides play important roles in clinical treatment, agriculture, and animal husbandry. Compared to natural hosts, heterologous chassis (especially Actinomycetes) have many advantages in production of polyketide compounds. As a widely studied model Actinomycete, Saccharopolyspora erythraea is an excellent host to produce valuable heterologous polyketide compounds. However, many host factors affect the expression efficiency of heterologous genes, and it is necessary to modify the host to adapt heterologous production. In this study, the CRISPR-Cas9 system was used to knock out the erythromycin biosynthesis gene cluster of Ab (erythromycin high producing stain). A fragment of 49491 bp in genome (from SACE_0715 to SACE_0733) was deleted, generating the recombinant strain AbΔery in which erythromycin synthesis was blocked and synthetic substrates methylmalonyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA accumulated enormously. Based on AbΔery as heterologous host, three genes, AsCHS, RgTAL, and Sc4CL, driven by strong promoters Pj23119, PermE, and PkasO, respectively, were introduced to produce novel polyketide by L-tyrosine and methylmalonyl-CoA. The product (E)-4-hydroxy-6-(4-hydroxystyryl)-3,5-dimethyl-2H-pyrone was identified in fermentation by LC-MS. High performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that knocking out ery BGC resulted in an increase of methylmalonyl-CoA by 142% and propionyl-CoA by 57.9% in AbΔery compared to WT, and the yield of heterologous product in AbΔery:AsCHS-RgTAL-Sc4CL was higher than WT:AsCHS-RgTAL-Sc4CL. In summary, this study showed that AbΔery could potentially serve as a precious heterologous host to boost the synthesis of other valuable polyketone compounds using methylmalonyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA in the future.
Effect of Pore Size on Cell Behavior Using Melt Electrowritten Scaffolds
Authors: Han Yu , Lian Meifei , Wu Qiang , Qiao Zhiguang , Sun Binbin , Dai Kerong
Published: July 2021

Tissue engineering technology has made major advances with respect to the repair of injured tissues, for which scaffolds and cells are key factors. However, there are still some issues with respect to the relationship between scaffold and cell growth parameters, especially that between the pore size and cells. In this study, we prepared scaffolds with different pore sizes by melt electrowritten (MEW) and used bone marrow mensenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), chondrocytes (CCs), and tendon stem cells (TCs) to study the effect of the scaffold pore size on cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. It was evident that different cells demonstrated different adhesion and proliferation rates on the scaffold. Furthermore, different cell types showed differential preferences for scaffold pore sizes, as evidenced by variations in cell viability. The pore size also affected the differentiation and gene expression pattern of cells. Among the tested cells, BMSCs exhibited the greatest viability on the 200-μm-pore-size scaffold, CCs on the 200- and 100-μm scaffold, and TCs on the 300-μm scaffold. The scaffolds with 100- and 200-μm pore sizes induced a significantly higher proliferation, chondrogenic gene expression, and cartilage-like matrix deposition after in vitro culture relative to the scaffolds with smaller or large pore sizes (especially 50 and 400 μm). Taken together, these results show that the architecture of 10 layers of MEW scaffolds for different tissues should be different and that the pore size is critical for the development of advanced tissue engineering strategies for tissue repair.