bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Radial and Axial Temperature Fields of Coal Roadway under Seasonal Fluctuation Boundary
Authors: Song Huaitao , Qin Yueping , Wu Jiansong , Wang Gongzhong , Li Sen , Niu Cong , Wu Zeqi
Published: August 2019

The underground ventilation in coal mine comes from the ground air so that the seasonal fluctuation of atmospheric temperature inevitably has influence upon its climate. The paper obtains a simplified mathematical calculation method of the radial and axial temperature fields to furnish a supplement to air temperature prediction of coal roadway with the emphasis on the influence of seasonal characteristic of inlet airflow. The results reveal that the propagation of radial and axial temperature wave has the similar characteristic of amplitude decay and phase delay. In the radial direction, the main factor is the dimensionless annual cycle time; and in the axial direction, it is influenced by the location‐related dimensionless time, the Nusselt number, the Biot number, and the dimensionless annual cycle time. In addition, for the wave amplitude, they present the negative exponential trend as the location increases, the overall shape of which resembles a folded page; for the delayed phase, they present the linear variation trend as the location increases, the overall shape of which resembles a parallelogram. In the paper, the evolution mechanism of temperature field of coal roadway under seasonal fluctuation boundary is profoundly comprehended, which has important guiding significance for the field engineer.
A Validity Index for Fuzzy Clustering Based on Bipartite Modularity
Authors: Liu Yongli , Zhang Xiaoyang , Chen Jingli , Chao Hao
Published: August 2019

Because traditional fuzzy clustering validity indices need to specify the number of clusters and are sensitive to noise data, we propose a validity index for fuzzy clustering, named CSBM (compactness separateness bipartite modularity), based on bipartite modularity. CSBM enhances the robustness by combining intraclass compactness and interclass separateness and can automatically determine the optimal number of clusters. In order to estimate the performance of CSBM, we carried out experiments on six real datasets and compared CSBM with other six prominent indices. Experimental results show that the CSBM index performs the best in terms of robustness while accurately detecting the number of clusters.
Improved Malware Detection Model with Apriori Association Rule and Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Adebayo Olawale Surajudeen , Abdul Aziz Normaziah
Published: August 2019

The incessant destruction and harmful tendency of malware on mobile devices has made malware detection an indispensable continuous field of research. Different matching/mismatching approaches have been adopted in the detection of malware which includes anomaly detection technique, misuse detection, or hybrid detection technique. In order to improve the detection rate of malicious application on the Android platform, a novel knowledge-based database discovery model that improves apriori association rule mining of a priori algorithm with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to optimize the random generation of candidate detectors and parameters associated with apriori algorithm (AA) for features selection. In this method, the candidate detectors generated by particle swarm optimization form rules using apriori association rule. These rule models are used together with extraction algorithm to classify and detect malicious android application. Using a number of rule detectors, the true positive rate of detecting malicious code is maximized, while the false positive rate of wrongful detection is minimized. The results of the experiments show that the proposed a priori association rule with Particle Swarm Optimization model has remarkable improvement over the existing contemporary detection models.
Clinical and Technical Characteristics of Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Coronary Interventions Performed before and after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement with a Balloon-Expandable Valve
Authors: Ferreira-Neto Alfredo Nunes , Puri Rishi , Asmarats Lluis , Vilalta Victoria , Guimaraes Leonardo , Delarochellière Robert , Paradis Jean-Michel , Mohammadi Siamak , Dumont Eric , Rodés-Cabau Josep
Published: August 2019

Objectives. To report on the feasibility and technical differences between coronary procedures performed before and after TAVR with the balloon-expandable Edwards-SAPIEN or the SAPIEN XT valves. Background. Coronary artery disease (CAD) and aortic stenosis often coexist. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is emerging as a treatment for younger and lower surgical risk patients who might not present with clinically evident CAD before TAVR. The demand for performing post-TAVR coronary angiograms (CAs) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) will thus increase, posing new technical challenges. Methods. Over 1000 TAVRs were performed at the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, of which 616 with the abovementioned valves. Of these, 28 patients had an analyzable pre- and post-TAVR CAs and 13 patients had pre- and post-TAVR PCIs performed. Procedural characteristics were gathered from all coronary procedures and subsequently compared amongst the same type of procedure performed at these two distinct time periods. Results. Neither CAs‐nor PCIs‐performed after valve implantation revealed significant differences regarding arterial access site, catheter diameter, number of diagnostic or guiding catheters used, procedural duration, fluoroscopy time, or achievement of selective coronary injection. Lesion location and classification, as well as the preference of using a drug-eluting stent, remained unchanged. During post-TAVR CA, the amount of contrast delivered and the radiation dose area product were significantly lower compared with pre-TAVR CA values. Conclusions. Performance of CA and PCI after TAVR with a balloon-expandable valve appears unaffected by its presence.
Synthesis of Binary Bi2S3/ZnO Nanorod Array Heterostructure and Their Photoelectrochemical Performance
Authors: AL-Zahrani Asla A. , Zainal Zulkarnain , Talib Zainal Abidin , Lim Hong Ngee , Mohd Fudzi Laimy , Holi Araa Mebdir , Sarif @ Mohd Ali Mahanim
Published: August 2019

One of the most effective strategies to improve the photoconversion efficiency in the photoelectrochemical cell is by using an assembly of heterostructures. To do so, a simple and inexpensive method, that is successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR), is used to deposit the narrow band gap energy semiconductor Bi2S3 on ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs) at different SILAR cycles. The obtained binary heterostructure thin films were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis Spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and linear sweep voltammogram (LSV) to prove the crystal structure, optical properties, band gap energy, morphological structure, composition of elements, and electrical properties. The XRD revealed that ZnO NRAs possessed a single wurtzite crystal structure while Bi2S3 possessed an orthorhombic crystal structure. The as-fabricated Bi2S3/ZnO heterostructure exhibited enhanced visible light absorption and charge separation efficiency of photoinduced electron-hole pairs. The band gap energy of binary heterostructure Bi2S3/ZnO NRAs is 3.11, 3.00, 2.33, 1.96, and 1.89 eV at 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 SILAR cycles, respectively, confirming the substantial improvement of ZnO NRA optical properties. The highest photocurrent density has been achieved by 1.92 mA/cm2 of Bi2S3/ZnO NRAs fabricated at 7 cycles, exhibiting sixfold enhancement compared to that of intrinsic ZnO NRAs (0.336 mA/cm2). This impressive enhancement was ascribed to the significant improvement in morphological structure, crystallinity, and optical properties of heterostructure photoanodes. Significant improvement was achieved in the photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) performance attributed to the fast separation, low recombination rate, and low impedance of the photoinduced electron-hole pairs as shown throughout the electrochemical impedance spectra.
Leishmaniasis in Northern Morocco: Predominance of Leishmania infantum Compared to Leishmania tropica
Authors: Hakkour Maryam , El Alem Mohamed Mahmoud , Hmamouch Asmae , Rhalem Abdelkebir , Delouane Bouchra , Habbari Khalid , Fellah Hajiba , Sadak Abderrahim , Sebti Faiza
Published: August 2019

In Morocco, Leishmania infantum species is the main causative agents of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). However, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to L. infantum has been reported sporadically. Moreover, the recent geographical expansion of L. infantum in the Mediterranean subregion leads us to suggest whether the nonsporadic cases of CL due to this species are present. In this context, this review is written to establish a retrospective study of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in northern Morocco between 1997 and 2018 and also to conduct a molecular study to identify the circulating species responsible for the recent cases of leishmaniases in this region. Data concerning leishmaniases cases were collected from the Epidemiology and Disease Control Directorate from 1997 to 2018. Human samples obtained from peripheral laboratories were examined using PCR-ITS1 method. The ITS1 products were subjected to digestion with the restriction endonuclease Mn1-I. Between 1997 and 2018, a total of 1,255 cases of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis were recorded in Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima Region, i.e., 1.56% of the reported cases in Morocco (1,255/80,299). Concerning the geographical study covering the period 2007-2018, 79.5% (105/132) of the sectors were affected by leishmaniases. The molecular results showed that Humans were found to be infected with the L. infantum species with a high infection rate compared to L. tropica infection. Moreover, molecular characterization using ITS1 PCR-RFLP showed that the density of L. infantum was significantly higher (n = 68/81; 84%) than that of L. tropica (n = 13/81; 16%) (P-value 9.894e-10). While regarding visceral leishmaniasis, L. infantum was the only species responsible of this form. These findings of this study showed the emergence of L. infantum in Morocco and suggest that this species might be more prevalent than previously thought. Furthermore, the molecular determination of L. infantum will be helpful for control strategies by taking into consideration the reservoir of this species.
Label-Free Proteomics Revealed Oxidative Stress and Inflammation as Factors That Enhance Chemoresistance in Luminal Breast Cancer
Authors: Pires Bruno R. B. , Panis Carolina , Alves Vinícius Dias , Herrera Ana C. S. A. , Binato Renata , Pizzatti Luciana , Cecchini Rubens , Abdelhay Eliana
Published: August 2019

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated death among women worldwide. Its high mortality rate is related to resistance towards chemotherapies, which is one of the major challenges of breast cancer research. In this study, we used label-free mass spectrometry- (MS-) based proteomics to investigate the differences between circulating proteins in the plasma of patients with chemoresponsive and chemoresistant luminal A breast cancer. MS analysis revealed 205 differentially expressed proteins. Furthermore, we used in silico tools to build protein-protein interaction networks. Most of the upregulated proteins in the chemoresistant group were closely related and tightly linked. The predominant networks were related to oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, and the complement cascade. Through this analysis, we identified inflammation and oxidative stress as central processes of breast cancer chemoresistance. Furthermore, we confirmed our hypothesis by evaluating oxidative stress and performing cytokine profiling in our cohort. The connections among oxidative stress, inflammation, and the complement system described in our study seem to indicate a pivotal axis in breast cancer chemoresistance. Hence, these findings will have significant clinical implications for improving therapies to bypass breast cancer chemoresistance in the future.
Open‐Closed‐Loop PD Iterative Learning Control with a Variable Forgetting Factor for a Two‐Wheeled Self‐Balancing Mobile Robot
Authors: Dong Jian , He Bin , Zhang Chenghong , Li Gang
Published: August 2019

A novel iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm for a two‐wheeled self‐balancing mobile robot with time‐varying, nonlinear, and strong‐coupling dynamics properties is presented to resolve the trajectory tracking problem in this research. A kinematics model and dynamic model of a two‐wheeled self‐balancing mobile robot are deduced in this paper, and the combination of an open‐closed‐loop PD‐ILC law and a variable forgetting factor is presented. The open‐closed‐loop PD‐ILC algorithm adopts current and past learning items to drive the state variables and input variables, and the output variables converge to the bounded scope of their desired values. In addition, introducing a variable forgetting factor can enhance the robustness and stability of ILC. Numerous simulation and experimental data demonstrate that the proposed control scheme has better feasibility and effectiveness than the traditional control algorithm.
The Common Missed Handwashing Instances and Areas after 15 Years of Hand-Hygiene Education
Authors: Wong J. S. W. , Lee J. K. F.
Published: August 2019

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) claimed the lives of 286 Hong Kong people in 2003. Since then, the Hong Kong government has been promoting the benefits of proper hand hygiene. There are few studies that explore the general quality of handwashing and the hand-hygiene practices of the public of Hong Kong; given this, the aim of this study is to explore this neglected topic. This study is a quantitative study that was conducted in January 2018. The results show that the majority of participants only wash their hands after using the toilet (87%) or handling vomitus or faecal matter (91%). The mean duration of handwashing was 36.54 seconds (SD = 18.57). The areas of the hand most neglected during handwashing were the fingertips (48.1%), medial area (30.5%), and back of the hand (28%). A multiple logistic regression shows that participants who have reached third-level education or higher often tend to be more hand hygienic than those who have not reached third-level education (p≤0.001, B = 1.003). Thus, participants aged 30 and above tend to neglect 5 more areas of the hand than those aged below 30 (p=0.001, B = 4.933).
Live Cell Imaging Supports a Key Role for Histone Deacetylase as a Molecular Target during Glioblastoma Malignancy Downgrade through Tumor Competence Modulation
Authors: Menezes Aline , dos Reis Gustavo Henrique , Oliveira-Nunes Maria Cecília , Mariath Fernanda , Cabanel Mariana , Pontes Bruno , Gonçalves Castro Newton , de Brito José Marques , Carneiro Katia
Published: August 2019

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive tumor of the central nervous system, and the identification of the mechanisms underlying the biological basis of GBM aggressiveness is essential to develop new therapies. Due to the low prognosis of GBM treatment, different clinical studies are in course to test the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors (iHDACs) in anticancer cocktails. Here, we seek to investigate the impact of HDAC activity on GBM cell behavior and plasticity by live cell imaging. We pharmacologically knock down HDAC activity using two different inhibitors (TSA and SAHA) in two different tumor cell types: a commercial GBM cell line (U87-MG) and primary tumor (GBM011). Upon 72 hours of in vitro iHDAC treatment, GBM cells presented a very unusual elongated cell shape due to tunneling tube formation and independent on TGF-β signaling epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Live cell imaging revealed that voltage-sensitive Ca++ signaling was disrupted upon HDAC activity blockade. This behavior was coupled to vimentin and connexin 43 gene expression downregulation, suggesting that HDAC activity blockade downgrades GBM aggressiveness mostly due to tumor cell competence and plasticity modulation in vitro. To test this hypothesis and access whether iHDACs would modulate tumor cell behavior and plasticity to properly respond to environmental cues in vivo, we xenografted GBM oncospheres in the chick developing the neural tube. Remarkably, upon 5 days in the developing neural tube, iHDAC-treated GBM cells ectopically expressed HNK-1, a tumor-suppressor marker tightly correlated to increased survivor of patients. These results describe, for the first time in the literature, the relevance of iHDACs for in vivo tumor cell morphology and competence to properly respond to environmental cues. Ultimately, our results highlight the relevance of chromatin remodeling for tumor cell plasticity and shed light on clinical perspectives aiming the epigenome as a relevant therapeutic target for GBM therapy.
Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Interleukin 6, and C-Reactive Protein with the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Rural Thais
Authors: Lainampetch Jirayu , Panprathip Pornpimol , Phosat Chanchira , Chumpathat Noppanath , Prangthip Pattaneeya , Soonthornworasiri Ngamphol , Puduang Somchai , Wechjakwen Naruemon , Kwanbunjan Karunee
Published: August 2019

The linkage of obesity, inflammation, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been extensively investigated for over a decade. However, the association between inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and T2DM is still inconsistent and limited. Thus, this study is aimed at elucidating the association between inflammatory marker levels and the risk of developing T2DM in many aspects. Among 296 subjects enrolled in 2013, 248 non-T2DM subjects who were completely reinvestigated in 2014 and 2015 were included in a 2-year retrospective analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association of baseline inflammatory marker levels and variation with incidence of T2DM. After the 2-year follow-up, 18.6% of total subjects had developed T2DM. The risk of developing T2DM was significantly increased in subjects with a high level of baseline CRP (OR=4.02, 95% CI: 1.77-9.12,P=0.001), and a stronger impact was found with the combination of high CRP and IL-6 levels (OR=5.11, 95% CI: 1.27-20.49,P=0.021). One-year inflammatory marker variation analysis also revealed the significant association of elevated TNF-αand risk of developing T2DM (OR=4.88, 95% CI: 1.01-23.49,P=0.048). In conclusion, besides consideration of CRP levels alone, our findings suggested that IL-6 outstandingly plays a contributing role in T2DM progression and elevated TNF-αlevels over time could be a potential predictor of T2DM.
CDK4 Regulates Lysosomal Function and mTORC1 Activation to Promote Cancer Cell Survival
Authors: Martínez-Carreres Laia , Puyal Julien , Leal-Esteban Lucía C. , Orpinell Meritxell , Castillo-Armengol Judit , Giralt Albert , Dergai Oleksandr , Moret Catherine , Barquissau Valentin , Nasrallah Anita , Pabois Angélique , Zhang Lianjun , Romero Pedro , Lopez-Mejia Isabel C. , Fajas Lluis
Published: August 2019

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) is well-known for its role in regulating the cell cycle, however, its role in cancer metabolism, especially mTOR signaling, is undefined. In this study, we established a connection between CDK4 and lysosomes, an emerging metabolic organelle crucial for mTORC1 activation. On the one hand, CDK4 phosphorylated the tumor suppressor folliculin (FLCN), regulating mTORC1 recruitment to the lysosomal surface in response to amino acids. On the other hand, CDK4 directly regulated lysosomal function and was essential for lysosomal degradation, ultimately regulating mTORC1 activity. Pharmacologic inhibition or genetic inactivation of CDK4, other than retaining FLCN at the lysosomal surface, led to the accumulation of undigested material inside lysosomes, which impaired the autophagic flux and induced cancer cell senescence in vitro and in xenograft models. Importantly, the use of CDK4 inhibitors in therapy is known to cause senescence but not cell death. To overcome this phenomenon and based on our findings, we increased the autophagic flux in cancer cells by using an AMPK activator in combination with a CDK4 inhibitor. The cotreatment induced autophagy (AMPK activation) and impaired lysosomal function (CDK4 inhibition), resulting in cell death and tumor regression. Altogether, we uncovered a previously unknown role for CDK4 in lysosomal biology and propose a novel therapeutic strategy to target cancer cells.

Significance:

These findings uncover a novel function of CDK4 in lysosomal biology, which promotes cancer progression by activating mTORC1; targeting this function offers a new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
eIF4A Inhibitors Suppress Cell-Cycle Feedback Response and Acquired Resistance to CDK4/6 Inhibition in Cancer
Authors: Kong Tim , Xue Yibo , Cencic Regina , Zhu Xianbing , Monast Anie , Fu Zheng , Pilon Virginie , Sangwan Veena , Guiot Marie-Christine , Foulkes William D. , Porco John A. , Park Morag , Pelletier Jerry , Huang Sidong
Published: August 2019

CDK4/6 inhibitors are FDA-approved drugs for estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) breast cancer and are being evaluated to treat other tumor types, including KRAS-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, their clinical utility is often limited by drug resistance. Here, we sought to better understand the resistant mechanisms and help devise potential strategies to overcome this challenge. We show that treatment with CDK4/6 inhibitors in both ER+ breast cancer and KRAS-mutant NSCLC cells induces feedback upregulation of cyclin D1, CDK4, and cyclin E1, mediating drug resistance. We demonstrate that rocaglates, which preferentially target translation of key cell-cycle regulators, effectively suppress this feedback upregulation induced by CDK4/6 inhibition. Consequently, combination treatment of CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib with the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4A inhibitor, CR-1-31-B, is synergistic in suppressing the growth of these cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ER+ breast cancer and KRAS-mutant NSCLC cells that acquired resistance to palbociclib after chronic drug exposure are also highly sensitive to this combination treatment strategy. Our findings reveal a novel strategy using eIF4A inhibitors to suppress cell-cycle feedback response and to overcome resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition in cancer.
ApoC-III Glycoforms Are Differentially Cleared by Hepatic TRL (Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein) Receptors
Authors: Kegulian Natalie C. , Ramms Bastian , Horton Steven , Trenchevska Olgica , Nedelkov Dobrin , Graham Mark J. , Lee Richard G. , Esko Jeffrey D. , Yassine Hussein N. , Gordts Philip L.S.M.
Published: August 2019

Objective:

ApoC-III (apolipoprotein C-III) glycosylation can predict cardiovascular disease risk. Higher abundance of disialylated (apoC-III
2
) over monosialylated (apoC-III
1
) glycoforms is associated with lower plasma triglyceride levels. Yet, it remains unclear whether apoC-III glycosylation impacts TRL (triglyceride-rich lipoprotein) clearance and whether apoC-III antisense therapy (volanesorsen) affects distribution of apoC-III glycoforms.

Approach and Results:

To measure the abundance of human apoC-III glycoforms in plasma over time, human TRLs were injected into wild-type mice and mice lacking hepatic TRL clearance receptors, namely HSPGs (heparan sulfate proteoglycans) or both LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) and LRP1 (LDLR-related protein 1). ApoC-III was more rapidly cleared in the absence of HSPG (t
1/2
=25.4 minutes) than in wild-type animals (t
1/2
=55.1 minutes). In contrast, deficiency of LDLR and LRP1 (t
1/2
=56.1 minutes) did not affect clearance of apoC-III. After injection, a significant increase in the relative abundance of apoC-III
2
was observed in HSPG-deficient mice, whereas the opposite was observed in mice lacking LDLR and LRP1. In patients, abundance of plasma apoC-III glycoforms was assessed after placebo or volanesorsen administration. Volanesorsen treatment correlated with a statistically significant 1.4-fold increase in the relative abundance of apoC-III
2
and a 15% decrease in that of apoC-III
1
. The decrease in relative apoC-III
1
abundance was strongly correlated with decreased plasma triglyceride levels in patients.

Conclusions:

Our results indicate that HSPGs preferentially clear apoC-III
2
. In contrast, apoC-III
1
is more effectively cleared by LDLR/LRP1. Clinically, the increase in the apoC-III
2
/apoC-III
1
ratio on antisense lowering of apoC-III might reflect faster clearance of apoC-III
1
because this metabolic shift associates with improved triglyceride levels.
Refining the Association Between Body Mass Index and Atrial Fibrillation: G‐Formula and Restricted Mean Survival Times
Authors: Conner Sarah C. , Lodi Sara , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Casas Juan P. , Lubitz Steven A. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Anderson Christopher D. , Huang Qiuxi , Coleman Justin , White Wendy B. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Trinquart Ludovic
Published: August 2019

Background

Previous studies assessing the association between body mass index (
BMI
) and atrial fibrillation (
AF
) did not account for time‐varying covariates, which may be affected by previous
BMI
. We illustrate how the g‐formula can account for time‐varying confounding.

Methods and Results

We included 4392 participants from the Framingham Heart Study who were AF free at ages 45 to 55 years, and followed them for up to 20 years. We estimated hazard ratios (
HR
s) comparing time‐varying nonobese versus obese with Cox models. We used the g‐formula to compare nonobese versus obese and 10% annual decrease in
BMI
(until normal weight is reached) versus natural course. We estimated
HR
s and differences in restricted mean survival times, the mean difference in time alive and
AF
free. We adjusted for sex, age, and time‐varying risk factors. Cox models indicated that nonobese participants had a decreased rate of
AF
versus obese participants (
HR
, 0.83; 95%
CI
, 0.72–0.97). G‐formula analyses comparing everyone had they been nonobese versus obese yielded stronger associations (
HR
, 0.73; 95%
CI
, 0.58–0.91). The restricted mean survival time was 19.22 years had everyone been nonobese and 19.03 years had everyone been obese (difference, 2.25 months; 95%
CI,
−0.66 to 5.16). When assessing a 10% annual decrease in
BMI
, the association was weaker (
HR
0.96; 95%
CI
, 0.86–1.08).

Conclusions

Decreased
BMI
was associated with a lower rate of
AF
after accounting for time‐varying covariates that depend on previous exposure using the g‐formula, which Cox models cannot accommodate. Absolute measures like the restricted mean survival time difference offer context to relative measures of association.
Brain Activity and Cerebral Oxygenation After Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke Are Associated With Neurodevelopment
Authors: Wagenaar Nienke , van den Berk Daphne J.M. , Lemmers Petra M.A. , van der Aa Niek E. , Dudink Jeroen , van Bel Frank , Groenendaal Floris , de Vries Linda S. , Benders Manon J.N.L. , Alderliesten Thomas
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—

In infants with perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS), early prognosis of neurodevelopmental outcome is important to adequately inform parents and caretakers. Early continuous neuromonitoring after PAIS may improve early prognosis. Our aim was to study early cerebral electrical activity and oxygenation measured by amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) and near-infrared spectroscopy in term neonates with PAIS and relate these to the development of cerebral palsy and cognitive deficit.

Methods—

aEEG patterns and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO
2
) levels of both hemispheres were studied for 120 hours from the first clinical symptoms of PAIS (ie, seizures) onward. Multivariable analyses were used to investigate the association between aEEG, near-infrared spectroscopy, clinical variables, and neurodevelopmental outcome.

Results—

In 52 patients with PAIS (gestational age, 40.4±1.4 weeks; birth weight, 3282±479 g), median time to a continuous background pattern was longer in the ipsilesional compared with the contralesional hemisphere (13.5 versus 10.0 hours;
P
<0.05). rScO
2
decreased over time in both hemispheres but less in the ipsilesional one, resulting in a rScO
2
asymmetry ratio of 4.5% (interquartile range, −4.3% to 5.9%;
P
<0.05) between hemispheres from day 3 after symptoms onward. Both time to normal background pattern and asymmetry in rScO
2
were negatively affected by gestational age, size of the PAIS, use of antiepileptic drugs, and mechanical ventilation. After correction for size of the PAIS on magnetic resonance imaging, a slower recovery of background pattern on ipsilesional aEEG and increased rScO
2
asymmetry between hemispheres was related with an increased risk for cognitive deficit (<−1 SD) at a median of 24.0 (interquartile range, 18.4–24.4) months of age.

Conclusions—

Recovery of background pattern on aEEG and cerebral oxygenation are both affected by PAIS and related to neurocognitive development. Both measurements may provide valuable early prognostic information. Additionally, monitoring cerebral activity and oxygenation may be useful in identifying infants eligible for early neuroprotective interventions and to detect early effects of these interventions.
Effectiveness and Safety of Rivaroxaban 15 or 20 mg Versus Vitamin K Antagonists in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Blin Patrick , Fauchier Laurent , Dureau-Pournin Caroline , Sacher Frédéric , Dallongeville Jean , Bernard Marie-Agnès , Lassalle Regis , Droz-Perroteau Cécile , Moore Nicholas
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—

We compared the 1-year safety and effectiveness of rivaroxaban 15 mg (R15) or rivaroxaban 20 mg (R20) to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

Methods—

New user cohort study of patients dispensed R15 or R20 versus VKA in 2013 or 2014 for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, followed 1 year in the French Système National des Données de Santé (66 million people). R15 and R20 users were matched 1:1 with VKA users on sex, age, date of first drug dispensing, and high-dimensional propensity score. Hazard ratios (95% CIs) for stroke and systemic embolism, major bleeding, and death were computed using Cox proportional hazards or models by Fine and Gray during exposure.

Results—

In 31 171 matched R20 and VKA, mean age, 71; 62% men; 76% with CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc ≥2; 5% HAS-BLED >3 (hypertension, abnormal renal and liver function, stroke, bleeding, labile INR, elderly, drugs or alcohol); incidence rates for stroke and systemic embolism were 1.5% and 1.9% (hazard ratio, 0.79 [0.69–0.90]); major bleeding, 1.5% and 2.2% (0.67 [0.59–0.77]); death, 3.9% and 5.8% (0.67 [0.61–0.73]). In 23 314 matched R15 and VKA patients, mean age, 80; 47% men; 93% with CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc ≥2 and 9% with HAS-BLED >3; incidence rates of stroke and systemic embolism were 2.3% and 2.1% (1.05 [0.92–1.21]); major bleeding, 2.4% and 2.9% (0.84 [0.74–0.96]); death, 9.1% and 10.8% (0.85 [0.79–0.90]). Numbers needed to treat to observe one fewer death (NNT) were 46 for R15 and 61 for R20.

Conclusions—

In real life in France over 2013 to 2015, R15 and R20 were at least as effective and safer than VKA.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.encepp.eu
. Unique identifier: EUPAS14567.
Potential Predictability of North China Summer Drought
Authors: Zhang Lixia , Zhou Tianjun , Wu Peili , Chen Xiaolong
Published: August 2019

Any skillful prediction is of great benefit to North China, a region that is densely populated and greatly impacted by droughts. This paper reports potential predictability of North China summer drought 1 month ahead based on hindcasts for 1961–2005 from the “ENSEMBLES” project. Correlation scores of the standardized precipitation–evapotranspiration index and standardized precipitation index reach 0.49 and 0.39, respectively. The lower-level northwestern Pacific cyclonic circulation anomaly (NWPCCA) and East Asian upper-tropospheric temperature (UTT) cooling are the crucial circulations with regard to summer drought. Two sources of predictability are identified: 1) Pacific–Japan and Silk Road teleconnections forced by well-established eastern Pacific Ocean El Niño sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in summer, when the two key circulations are both well predicted because of a good prediction of enhanced equatorial central Pacific (CP) rainfall and Indian rainfall deficit, and 2) the subtropical atmosphere–ocean coupling associated with CP El Niño developing, when the skill mainly arises from the reasonable prediction of NWPCCA. In observations, the NWPCCA persists from the preceding spring to summer through a wind–evaporation–SST feedback related to the Pacific meridional mode (PMM). In predictions, the persistence of the NWPCCA is mainly forced by the enhanced convection over the subtropical central North Pacific due to the persistence of the PMM-related meridional SSTA gradient over the CP. This predicted SSTA suppresses the equatorial Pacific rainfall, contributing to low prediction skill for the East Asian UTT cooling. This study demonstrates the importance of extratropical signals from the preceding season in North China summer drought prediction.
Modulation of ENSO on Fast and Slow MJO Modes during Boreal Winter
Authors: Wei Yuntao , Ren Hong-Li
Published: August 2019

This study investigates modulation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) propagation during boreal winter. Results show that the spatiotemporal evolution of MJO manifests as a fast equatorially symmetric propagation from the Indian Ocean to the equatorial western Pacific (EWP) during El Niño, whereas the MJO during La Niña is very slow and tends to frequently “detour” via the southern Maritime Continent (MC). The westward group velocity of the MJO is also more significant during El Niño. Based on the dynamics-oriented diagnostics, it is found that, during El Niño, the much stronger leading suppressed convection over the EWP excites a significant front Walker cell, which further triggers a larger Kelvin wave easterly wind anomaly and premoistening and heating effects to the east. However, the equatorial Rossby wave to the west tends to decouple with the MJO convection. Both effects can result in fast MJO propagation. The opposite holds during La Niña. A column-integrated moisture budget analysis reveals that the sea surface temperature anomaly driving both the eastward and equatorward gradients of the low-frequency moisture anomaly during El Niño, as opposed to the westward and poleward gradients during La Niña, induces moist advection over the equatorial eastern MC–EWP region due to the intraseasonal wind anomaly and therefore enhances the zonal asymmetry of the moisture tendency, supporting fast propagation. The role of nonlinear advection by synoptic-scale Kelvin waves is also nonnegligible in distinguishing fast and slow MJO modes. This study emphasizes the crucial roles of dynamical wave feedback and moisture–convection feedback in modulating the MJO propagation by ENSO.
Spatially Tracking Wave Events in Partitioned Numerical Wave Model Outputs
Authors: Jiang Haoyu
Published: August 2019

Numerical wave models can output partitioned wave parameters at each grid point using a spectral partitioning technique. Because these wave partitions are usually organized according to the magnitude of their wave energy without considering the coherence of wave parameters in space, it can be difficult to observe the spatial distributions of wave field features from these outputs. In this study, an approach for spatially tracking coherent wave events (which means a cluster of partitions originating from the same meteorological event) from partitioned numerical wave model outputs is presented to solve this problem. First, an efficient traverse algorithm applicable for different types of grids, termed breadth-first search, is employed to track wave events using the continuity of wave parameters. Second, to reduce the impact of the garden sprinkler effect on tracking, tracked wave events are merged if their boundary outlines and wave parameters on these boundaries are both in good agreement. Partitioned wave information from the Integrated Ocean Waves for Geophysical and other Applications dataset is used to test the performance of this spatial tracking approach. The test results indicate that this approach is able to capture the primary features of partitioned wave fields, demonstrating its potential for wave data analysis, model verification, and data assimilation.
The story against smoking: An exploratory study into the processing and perceived effectiveness of narrative visual smoking warnings
Authors: Ooms Joëlle A , Jansen Carel JM , Hoeks John CJ
Published: August 2019

Objectives:

This study compared the effects of two types of health warnings on cigarette packages: ‘narrative visual warnings’, showing an image portraying people plus a corresponding slogan that could evoke a story-like interpretation, and ‘non-narrative visual warnings’ with non-narrative content (i.e. body parts). Moreover, the mechanisms underlying the effects of these health warnings were explored.

Design:

A within-participants experiment was conducted comparing narrative and non-narrative visual warnings. Path analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between the narrative concepts transportation and identification, the emotions evoked by the health warning and the perceived effectiveness of the message.

Method:

Participants ( N = 200) were presented with one narrative warning and one non-narrative warning. After each warning, they answered questions on narrative perception, transportation, identification, emotions and perceived effectiveness.

Results:

The narrative warnings were seen as more story-like than the non-narrative warnings. There was a statistical trend for narrative warnings to be perceived as more effective than the non-narratives. The narrative warnings caused more transportation, fear, sadness, compassion and anger; the non-narrative warnings evoked more disgust and surprise. For the narrative warnings, both narrative concepts of transportation and identification were directly related to perceived effectiveness, and also indirectly via sadness. For the non-narrative warnings, transportation was related to perceived effectiveness, both directly and indirectly via disgust.

Conclusion:

Seeing a story in a still picture with a slogan helps to increase the effectiveness of the antismoking message. Both narrative and non-narrative visual warnings may persuade receivers directly, but also by the evoking of emotions, although the specific emotions responsible for the persuasive effects may differ.
Molar Bud-to-Cap Transition Is Proliferation Independent
Authors: Yamada S. , Lav R. , Li J. , Tucker A.S. , Green J.B.A.
Published: August 2019

Tooth germs undergo a series of dynamic morphologic changes through bud, cap, and bell stages, in which odontogenic epithelium continuously extends into the underlying mesenchyme. During the transition from the bud stage to the cap stage, the base of the bud flattens and then bends into a cap shape whose edges are referred to as “cervical loops.” Although genetic mechanisms for cap formation have been well described, little is understood about the morphogenetic mechanisms. Computer modeling and cell trajectory tracking have suggested that the epithelial bending is driven purely by differential cell proliferation and adhesion in different parts of the tooth germ. Here, we show that, unexpectedly, inhibition of cell proliferation did not prevent bud-to-cap morphogenesis. We quantified cell shapes and actin and myosin distributions in different parts of the tooth epithelium at the critical stages and found that these are consistent with basal relaxation in the forming cervical loops and basal constriction around enamel knot at the center of the cap. Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase, which is required for basal constriction in other systems, arrested the molar explant morphogenesis at the bud stage. Together, these results show that the bud-to-cap transition is largely proliferation independent, and we propose that it is driven by classic actomyosin-driven cell shape–dependent mechanisms. We discuss how these results can be reconciled with the previous models and data.
The Milwaukee Continuum: Older Veterans and Nonveterans Use Housing First to Exit Homelessness
Authors: Nelson David A. , Morzinski Jeff , Flower Mark
Published: August 2019

Background: Homelessness is about survival and more than an issue of bricks and mortar. It is not a static dimension and alludes to a troubled age and brokenness of society. Despite dramatic declines in numbers of people presently homeless, the issue continues to be a public health issue. The number of veterans currently homeless continues to be of national concern despite application of resources. More needs to be done to better understand the concerns of veterans, once homeless and now housed. Method: Qualitative research in the form of interviews provided insights from the veterans on their experience around achieving housing. Qualitative methods are often used in evaluations as they speak of the experience of the program being evaluated by capturing and then communicating the narratives of the participants. This study was grounded in community-based participatory research where a member of community was a part of all phases of the research process. Results: Seven interviews with formerly homeless veterans were conducted. Themes included the following: Burnt Brides and Regrets, Survival, Spirituality, Recovery and Stress, Supportive Care, Reunite Family, and Sickness and Health. Discussion: The themes provide insight into the experience of the veterans and a means to better understand the healing process. Understanding of the healing process includes the following: Acknowledging the Courage to go Deep, Time, Veterans Giving Back, and Recovery is Ongoing. Despite what was learned, further research is needed to better understand the long-term implications of people formerly homeless now housed.
Comparison of the Relationship Between Death Anxiety and Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms Among Norwegian and Turkish Female Psychology Students
Authors: Oker Kemal , Schmelowszky Ágoston , Reinhardt Melinda
Published: August 2019

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between death anxiety and depressive and anxiety symptoms among Norwegian and Turkish female psychology students. For this purpose, 304 participants were recruited, of whom 127 were Norwegian and 177 were Turkish. Participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 35 years. The Beck Depression Inventory, the trait anxiety subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Death Anxiety Scale were used to examine these relationships. The findings showed that death anxiety was significantly related to depressive and anxiety symptoms in both countries. Furthermore, Turkish participants scored higher on both death anxiety and depressive and anxiety symptoms than their Norwegian counterparts. The findings encourage researchers to focus more on the relationship between death anxiety and depressive and anxiety symptoms in a cross-cultural frame.
Teaching Replication to Graduate Students
Authors: Stojmenovska Dragana , Bol Thijs , Leopold Thomas
Published: August 2019

Replicating published studies promotes active learning of quantitative research skills. Drawing on experiences from a replication course, we provide practical tips and reflections for teachers who consider incorporating replication in their courses. We discuss teaching practices and challenges we encountered at three stages of a replication course: student recruitment, course structure and proceedings, and learning outcomes. We highlight that by engaging in replication, students learn from established scholarly work in a collaborative and reflective manner. Students not only improve their quantitative literacy but also learn more generally about the scientific method and the production of research.
The Voice of Cognition: Active and Passive Voice Influence Distance and Construal
Authors: Chan Eugene Y. , Maglio Sam J.
Published: August 2019

English passages can be in either the active or passive voice. Relative to the active voice, the passive voice provides a sense of objectivity regarding the events being described. This leads to our hypothesis that passages in the passive voice can increase readers’ psychological distance from the content of the passage, triggering an abstract construal. In five studies with American, Australian, British, and Canadian participants, we find evidence for our propositions, with both paragraphs and sentences in the passive voice increasing readers’ felt temporal, hypothetical, and spatial distance from activities described in the text, which increases their abstraction in a manner that generalizes to unrelated tasks. As such, prose colors how people process information, with the active and passive voice influencing the reader in ways beyond what is stated in the written word.
White Coats at the Coalface: The Standardizing Work of Professionals at the Frontline
Authors: Wilhelm Hendrik , Bullinger Bernadette , Chromik Jessica
Published: August 2019

This study advances theory on professionals by introducing a novel ‘coalface perspective’ to study frontline professionals’ standardizing work. Our multimethod quantitative and qualitative approach explores when, why and how medical professionals in German university hospitals actively maintain care pathway enactment – a technique to standardize day-to-day medical work – in their everyday patient treatment. Professionals’ actively standardizing their work is an understudied yet highly relevant phenomenon that the established ‘autonomy perspective’ – which covers how professionals resist standardization – falls short of explaining. Introducing a coalface perspective overcomes this shortcoming by uncovering novel links between professionals’ day-to-day problem-driven motivations for standardizing work, the characteristics of everyday situations of frontline professional work and practices of standardizing work at the frontline. This study has implications for research on frontline professionals and coalface-perspective research in general.
A Research Note on Income Pooling in Partnerships: Incorporating Nonresident Children
Authors: Eickmeyer Kasey J. , Guzzo Karen Benjamin , Manning Wendy D. , Brown Susan L.
Published: August 2019

Income pooling is a common behavior among couples. However, cohabiting and married individuals in more complex families, namely those with stepchildren, are less likely to pool incomes. Similarly, income pooling might be unlikely when there are nonresident children, who could potentially draw resources outside the household, yet prior work has largely overlooked the role of nonresident children. We take advantage of a unique data set, the Family and Relationships Study, which allows us to not only identify shared and unshared children (i.e., stepchildren) within the household but also unshared children outside the household. Focusing on cohabiting and married individuals ( N = 4,408), we find that those with resident unshared children are less likely to pool incomes but that nonresident children are unrelated to income pooling. The results confirm that household-level complexity is a key factor in couples’ economic decision making.