bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic analysis of radiative chemical species with non-Newtonian fluid flow over an exponentially curved stretching sheet
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Saqlain , Shaheen Aqila , Abbas Nadeem , Shatanawi Wasfi
Published: September 2024

In this study, we explored the flow of non-Newtonian fluid over an exponentially stretching curved surface and investigated the effects of homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical species. The model is developed based on flow assumptions and formulated as differential equations. For simplicity, these equations are converted to dimensionless ordinary differential equations. The obtained mathematical model is cracked using a numerical scheme. This study investigates the influence of key factors including temperature, concentration, velocity and physical properties such as Sherwood number, Nusselt number and skin friction. The temperature function shows a decrease as M increases. This reduction occurs due to the Lorentz force, which affects the motion of electrically conducting fluids in the presence of a magnetic field. Furthermore, as Rd increases, the temperature function decreases. By examining these determinants, our research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics of non-Newtonian fluid flow. It also reveals phenomena such as magnetic effects and thermal radiation, ultimately advancing knowledge in the field.
Sexual and domestic violence enquiry: A national exploratory survey of asking and telling in sexual health services in the UK
Authors: Meyrick Jane , Bennett Amy , McGovern Kyle , Kite Charlotte
Published: September 2024

Background

Gender-based violence in the form of domestic and sexual abuse represent a worldwide public health and civil rights issue. Healthcare and sexual health have a central role to play in prevention, particularly in the identification of sexual and domestic violence/abuse within a frontline service in which it often presents. Survivors of sexual violence and abuse commonly pass through sexual health services without being asked about their victimisation. Healthcare should be able to identify survivors, provide first line support, refer to specialist services and link to comprehensive post assault care.

Methods

In the first joint study of its kind, the Univeristy of the West of England worked with the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) and their Sexual Violence Specialist Interest Group (SVSIG). We report the findings of a snapshot, non-probability, exploratory survey of current comparative sexual and domestic violence/abuse enquiry practice in Genito Urinary Medicine services across the UK.

Results

Sixty-two responding services evidenced variable practice around asking, collating data, referral, training and staff supervision.

Conclusions

This benchmarking study of practice in the UK sets a bar against which all services can measure and improve current practice on gender-based violence identification, a crucial role of sexual health services in reducing the inequalities driven harm of undisclosed trauma.
Climatic response of Juniperus monticola Martinez, a multi-century alpine shrub from the high mountains of central Mexico
Authors: Vázquez-Selem Lorenzo , Franco-Ramos Osvaldo , Villanueva-Díaz José , Cerano-Paredes Julián , Stahle David W.
Published: September 2024

The mountain juniper Juniperus monticola Martinez, a decumbent alpine shrub found at elevations up to 4600 m a.s.l. on the high mountains of central Mexico, is the woody species growing at highest elevation in North America. It reaches an age close to a millenium, which probably makes it the oldest alpine shrub in the world. We conducted a dendrochronological study of this species at Pico de Orizaba volcano, the highest peak in Mexico, to analyze its dendroclimatic potential and the influence of ocean-atmospheric forcing on the interannual variability of radial growth. A ring-width chronology was developed extending from 1178 to 2016 (839 years). Climate data from a local weather station and from CRU TS version 4.01 were used to determine the climatic response of J. monticola. The species is positively correlated to the average maximum temperature of May–June ( r = 0.38, p < 0.05) and negatively to the March-April precipitation ( r = −0.44, p < 0.05) of the local weather station. Gridded drought indices (PDSI, SPEI) were used to analyze the combined effect of rising temperatures and evapotranspiration on ring-width. A significant negative response ( r = −0.354, p < 0.01) was found between the instrumental PDSI records (June, July, August) and the ring-width series; similarly, a negative correlation was obtained for the SPEI from December of the previous year to June of the current year ( r = −0.4, p < 0.01). These negative correlations suggest that higher temperatures occurring in recent decades are favoring increases in radial growth. The ring-width chronology is significantly correlated, although weakly, with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation, consistent with the influence of those phenomena on PDSI and SPEI over central Mexico.
Emergency Interruption of the Inferior Vena Cava: A Debatable Issue
Authors: Ricco J.B. , Bouin-Pineau M.H. , Camiade C. , Blecha L.M. , Reynaud P. , Faroy F. , Marchand C.
Published: September 2024

In spite of improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of thromboembolic disease, pulmonary embolism continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Anticoagulation remains the preferred therapy for deep venous thrombosis; however, this form of treatment is either ineffective or contraindicated for some patients. For these patients, partial interruption of the inferior vena cava via percutaneous filter placement has become the procedure of choice to protect against fatal pulmonary embolism.

We described in this paper results obtained with the available permanent filters and complications of these filters described in the literature. We highlighted the interest of temporary filters in patients whose thromboembolic risk is temporary, finally we insist on recognised indications for vena cava filters when anticoagulation is contraindicated or ineffective.
Clinical Spectrum of Raynaud's Phenomenon in Patients Referred to Vascular Clinic
Authors: Knapik-Kordecka M. , Wysokinski W.E.
Published: September 2024

Difficulties to establish general characteristics of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, especially frequency, rates and predisposing factors of the evolution of primary to secondary cases probably originate from substantial variation of evaluated cohorts. We conducted a prospective study using standardised diagnostic procedures in order to look for the specificity of patients referred to the vascular centre; moreover, we assayed anticardiolipin antibodies in these patients using double ELISA and compared its frequency to sex and age matched a control group of 50 healthy individuals. 124 patients (20 men), mean age at onset 35.5 yr, range 9–69 yr, had confirmed diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon. Ninety nine patients were found to have secondary phenomenon, 72% of them had trophic changes of fingers and/or toes. Anticardiolipin antibodies assay was positive in seven patients and four healthy donors. Vascular diseases constituted about 20%, and connective tissue diseases 50% of secondary cases, but SLE (17 cases) not a scleroderma (11 cases) was the most frequent clinical entity in the latter group. There were only two patients with Buerger's disease and one with atherosclerosis as an underlying disease for vasospastic disorder. We concluded in the vascular medicine centre that there were a lot of patients with ischemic necrosis or other type of trophic changes, and very little primary, benign Raynaud's disease cases; surprisingly, peripheral arterial occlusive disease was very seldom responsible for vasospastic episodes. Primary or secondary antiphospholipid syndrome is not associated with Raynaud's phenomenon.
The Effectiveness of Ischemic Preconditioning on Myocardial Protection and Comparison with K+ Cardioplegia
Authors: Dernek Sadettin , Ikizler Murat , Uyguç Özer , Alatas Özkan , Kural Tuǧrul
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of ischemic preconditioning on myocardial protection and to compare this method to K + crystalloid cardioplegia. Langendorff perfused isolated working rat hearts were used in the following groups. After 20 min of stabilisation, 30 hearts were divided into three groups. In group I (control, n = 10), hearts were arrested with cold (+ 4°C) Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution, in group II (cardioplegia, n = 10) hearts were arrested with cold K+ cardioplegia solution, and in group III (preconditioning, n = 10) hearts were subjected to 5 min normothermic ischemia followed by 5 min reperfusion then arrested with cold K-H solution. All hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia (24°C) and 40 min of reperfusion. Hemodynamic measurements were performed with a left ventricular latex balloon using a data acquisition system. Creatine kinase (CK-MB) washout and Troponin I (cTnl) levels were determined from the coronary effluents. There was no significant difference among the three groups in any of the parameters (hemodynamic and biochemical) measured at the end of stabilisation period. During reperfusion, functional recovery and coronary flow were significantly improved in K+ cardioplegia and preconditioned groups compared with control group. CK-MB washout and cTnl levels were significantly lower in groups II and III compared with group I at the reperfusion. However no significant difference was observed between K+ cardioplegia and preconditioned groups among biochemical and hemodynamic parameters and coronary flow at the post-ischemic period. In conclusion, ischemic preconditioning is as effective as K+ cardioplegia on myocardial protection and recovery of myocardial function during reperfusion.
Endovascular Repair Using Vein-Covered Stents in the Carotid Artery Bifurcation
Authors: Martin J.B. , Bednarkiewicz M. , Christenson J.T. , Rüfenacht D.A.
Published: September 2024

The treatment of a bleeding carotid artery pseudoaneurysm in a patient using endovascular repair is described. Vein-covered stents were successfully employed. There were no neurological complications and no recurrent bleeding during 8 months follow up and carotid artery continuity was achieved.

Stents covered with saphenous vein may be considered a treatment option for endovascular repair of pseudoaneurysm of the carotid artery.
Surgical Approach to Military Vascular Injuries
Authors: Demirkiliç U. , Kuralay E. , Yilmaz A. T. , Özal E. , Tatar H. , Öztürk Ö. Y.
Published: September 2024

Purpose of study:

Vascular injuries caused by high-velocity military missiles are associated with bone fracture, soft-tissue, nerve and tendon injuries. In this study we will discuss the surgical strategy and results of vascular injuries, which require a different approach from primary and elective surgical procedure. Basic

Methods:

Surgical interventions were performed in 116 patients. Vascular lesions were localized on the lower extremity in 53, upper extremity in 55, and nine were in other regions. Vascular injuries were concomitant with bone fracture in 46 and nerve injuries in 36 patients. Vascular repair was performed after orthopedic stabilization in vessels with an ischemic period of less than 4 hours.

Principal findings:

Fasciotomy was performed after vascular repair in the 22 cases that had arrived after 8 hours. Amputation was required in two cases. There was one mortality.

Conclusions:

The best results are obtained when a multidisciplinary and emergency approach are used by the team of vascular, orthopedic, plastic and neurosurgeons who are experienced in military injuries.
Transcranial Cerebral Oximetry during Carotid Endarterectomy: Agreement between Frontal and Lateral Probe Measurements as Compared with an Electroencephalogram
Authors: de Letter J. A. M. , Sie T. Han , Moll F. L. , Algra A. , Eikelboom B. C. , Ackerstaff R. G. A.
Published: September 2024

Objective:

Transcranial cerebral oximetry, which is considered a novel technique, was evaluated during carotid endarterectomy. For practical reasons, the use of a single probe attached to the forehead and overlying the territory of the anterior cerebral artery is recommended. Other monitoring systems (transcranial Doppler, electroencephalograms (EEG)) focus more on the territory of the middle cerebral artery. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a probe in the frontal area is as representative for monitoring cerebral ischaemia during carotid cross-clamping as a probe in the lateral area.

Design:

Clinical prospective study.

Materials:

Sixty patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy were studied with continuous and simultaneous EEG and transcranial cerebral oximetry. Forty-three patients (72%) simultaneously underwent frontal and lateral transcranial cerebral oximetry. The lateral probe was only used in 17 patients.

Methods:

The percentage decrease of transcranial cerebral oximetry was calculated during cross-clamping. Using the EEG findings as the gold standard in order to detect cerebral ischaemia during carotid cross-clamping, the relationship with transcranial cerebral oximetry was described in terms of sensitivity, specificity and the area under the curve in a receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results:

The 95% confidence interval of the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic of the lateral probe was 0.61–1.00 and that of the frontal probe was 0.65–1.00; therefore there is virtually no difference between the two methods. In 18% of the cases the lateral transcranial cerebral oximetry was hindered by practical failures.

Conclusion:

Considering the lack of additional information and the practical problems experienced with the lateral probe, it was concluded that transcranial cerebral oximetry with a single frontal probe is a practical non-invasive monitoring system and is at least as representative for monitoring cerebral ischaemia during carotid cross-clamping as a lateral probe.
Prevention of Limb Loss in Critical Ischaemia by Arterialization of the Superficial Venous System: An Experimental Study in Dogs
Authors: Kopelman D. , Hirshhorn G. , Hashmonai M.
Published: September 2024

The possibility of ischaemic limb salvage by arterializing the superficial venous system was examined in a canine study. The experiment was carried out on four healthy dogs in three stages. In the first stage, collateral circulation to the hind limb was abolished. In the second stage, all branches of the common femoral artery were ligated, which created a model of ischaemia incompatible with limb survival. Revascularization was achieved by anastomosing the valvulotomized long saphenous vein to the common femoral artery, proximal to its ligation. The dogs were monitored for 2 weeks. All limbs maintained tissue oxygenation similar to that of the control contralateral limb. In the third stage, the artery was ligated proximal to the femoro-saphenous anastomosis and the limb monitored for 7 hours. Acute loss of motor function of the limb resulted. In the present study, arterialization of the valvulotomized long saphenous vein prevented limb loss in critical ischaemia.
Moderately Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Selective Cerebral Perfusion in Ascending Aorta and Aortic Arch Surgery. Preliminary Experience in Twenty-Two Patients
Authors: Testolin L. , Roques X. , Laborde M. N. , Roques F. , Mukai S. , Baudet E.
Published: September 2024

Deep hypothermic cardiocirculatory arrest is the commonest method of brain protection during transverse aortic arch surgery. Its principle drawbacks consist in the limited safe ischemic period and in the coagulative, renal and pulmonary complications related to low body temperatures and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time. Different selective cerebral perfusion techniques have recently raised the interest of some surgical teams in an effort to obviate these problems. The authors' initial experiences with 22 patients, ranging in age from 19 to 78 years (mean, 55 ± 15 years), who underwent ascending aorta and/or aortic arch replacement using selective cerebral perfusion and moderately hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass are reported here. Acute aortic dissection and atherosclerotic aneurysm were the commonest lesions observed: ascending aorta associated with partial or complete arch replacement was the most widely performed procedure. With regard to the perfusion technique, after regular cardiopulmonary bypass had been established through the iliac vessels, selective cerebral perfusion was started after aortic arch vessels cannulation (innominate artery, bilateral common carotid artery, innominate artery and left common carotid artery, or right common carotid artery) using a single roller pump separately from the systemic circulation, and brain perfusion was achieved by blood cooled at 30°C, at a flow rate that ranged from 300 ml/min to 1500 ml/min, at a perfusion pressure of ∼65 mmHg, with the patient maintained at moderate hypothermia (30°C rectal). To perform distal aortic repair, if transverse aortic arch or proximal descending aorta cross-clamping was not feasible, cardiopulmonary bypass flow was lowered to 300–350 ml/min and an open anastomosis was performed, while independently assuring cerebral perfusion (six patients). There were three hospital deaths (mortality rate of 13.6%; s.d. 6.0–25.5%; 70% confidence limit), but none because of cerebral accident. No paraplegia occurred. One patient suffered from right hemiparesis, neither renal nor pulmonary complications were observed. Two chest reexplorations were necessary for bleeding, which were partially related to hemocoagulative disorders. In our experience, the technique of moderately hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and selective cerebral perfusion in aortic surgery has provided good results with regard to cerebral protection and organ function preservation. Therefore, allowing a prolonged distal aortic reconstruction period, it may be considered as a safe alternative to profound hypothermia associated with cardiocirculatory arrest in aortic arch surgery.
Endothelial Damage Due to Ischemia and Reperfusion is Prevented with SIN-1
Authors: Johnson D. , Freischlag J. A. , Lesniak R. , Kelly H. , Mudaliar J. H. , Cambria R. A. , Seabrook M. D. G. R. , Towne J. B.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Acute ischemia followed by reperfusion results in direct endothelial damage characterized by cell swelling, increased permeability and loss of acetylcholine-mediated vasorelaxation. Ischemia followed by reperfusion in a New Zealand white rabbit hindlimb has been shown to result in loss of acetylcholine-induced relaxation of superficial femoral arteries. This loss of relaxation in response to acetylcholine is a reflection of the decreased nitric oxide availability that occurs with reperfusion injury. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of SIN-1, a direct nitric oxide donor, on this endothelial injury.

Methods:

New Zealand white rabbits underwent complete ischemia of the right hindlimb for 3 h followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Aliquots of 20 ml of either 0.88-mM SIN-1 or normal saline was infused via a lateral branch of the right common iliac artery during the first 20 min of reperfusion. Sham vessels were subjected to the S-h operative intervention to control for anesthetic effect. Control vessels were harvested from rabbits not exposed to ischemia or reperfusion. Superficial femoral artery rings were evaluated in vitro for endothelial cell-mediated relaxation. Rings were contracted with potassium chloride and norepinephrine and then exposed to standardized incremental doses of acetylcholine to measure percent relaxation. Artery sections were sent for hematoxylin and eosin staining.

Results:

No significant differences were seen in contraction caused by either potassium chloride or norepinephrine in all four experimental groups. Saline infused vessel rings relaxed a mean of 8.42 ± 2.39% and 49.57 ± 8.65% in response to acetylcholine doses of 3 × 10−8 M and 1 × 10−7M, respectively. In contrast, SIN-1 infused vessels relaxed a mean of 57.82 ± 2.65% and 100.23 ± 1.53% to the same doses of acetylcholine. Control and sham arteries showed a similar relaxation response as compared with SIN-1 infused vessels. Differences in relaxation when comparing saline infused vessels with SIN-1 infused, sham and control arteries, were significantly different at each dose of acetylcholine from 3 × 10−8M to 1 × 10−7M ( P < 0.05, ANOVA). Histologic examination of the vessels revealed no morphologic differences among the experimental groups. All vessels werestructurally normal with an intact endothelium.

Conclusion:

In this model of rabbit hindlimb ischemia, preservation of endothelial cell-mediated vasorelaxation occurs with administration of intra-arterial SIN-1 during reperfusion. This preservation of endothelial function cannot be explained by histologic changes in the arterial wall or attributed to altered arterial contractility in response to potassium chloride or norepinephrine.
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Reactive Diluent Modified Benzoxazine-based Phenolic Resin
Authors: Huang Mitchell T. , Ishida Hatsuo
Published: September 2024

The viscosity of a difunctional benzoxazine resin is reduced by use of a monofunctional benzoxazine monomer or a difunctional epoxy monomer as reactive diluents to further improve processability. With only 25 inole% reactive diluent modification, the viscosity is reduced to 20% of that of the neat resin. The influence of the monofunctional benzoxazine on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the modified polybenzoxazine is examined as a function of composition. Glassy state properties, such as stiffness at room temperature, are unaffected by the incorporation of the monofunctional benzoxazine. Thermal stability of the monofunctional modified polybenzoxazine below 200°C is not significantly affected. Properties sensitive to network structure, however, are affected by the presence of the monofunctional benzoxazine. The incorporation of the monofunctional benzoxazine reduces crosslink density and produces a looser network structure, while the difunctional epoxy increases crosslink density and produces a more connected network structure. A combined composition of the monofunctional benzoxazine and difunctional epoxy with the difunctional benzoxazine is also evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis to investigate the two opposing network structural influences.
The Effects of Stressed Environmental Exposure on the Durability of Automotive Composite Materials
Authors: Meyer Laura J. , Henshaw John M. , Houston Dan Q. , Hagerman Edward M.
Published: September 2024

The degradation of mechanical properties for a glass/polyurethane automotive composite due to exposure to various environments while under stress is reported. Two types of loading were compared: constant strain and nearly constant stress. Loads varied from 0 to 50% of the average tensile strength. The composite studied was a polyurethane resin reinforced with continuous strand E-glass mat, manufactured by the SRIM process. Novel fixtures applied tensile loads to dogbone specimens while exposed to automotive fluids. After 300 hours, the specimens were tensile tested to failure in air. Degradation in mechanical properties typically increased with stress level but was independent of the type of loading. This result is explained in terms of damage and deformation mechanisms in the material.
Measurements to Characterise the Uniaxial Orientation in Nylon 6-6 Fibres Caused by Thermal Treatments
Authors: Fouda I.M. , El-Sharkawy F.M.
Published: September 2024

This paper gives relations between a number of optical properties of nylon 6-6 fibres annealed at various temperatures. Their mechanical loss factors, densities, crystallinities and mean square density fluctuations are presented. The densities and mechanical loss factors were determined using an acoustic method. The changes in molecular orientation were evaluated from the resulting optical data by using a polarizing Pluta interference microscope. Relationships are given between the optical parameters as a function of temperature for these fibres. The results obtained were utilized for calculations of the isotropic refractive indices and polarizabilities per unit volume, and relationships between these new parameters under various thermal conditions are given. The value of [Formula: see text] (the ratio between the difference of the electric polarizability for one molecule and the isotropic polarizability) depends upon the molecular structure of the polymer and it remained constant. The results were used to calculate the form birefringence, virtual refractive index, harmonic mean polarizability of the dielectric, and the specific refractivity of the isotropic dielectric. The generalized Lorentz-Lorenz equation given by de Vries was used to determine nylon 6-6 fibre structural parameters. A comparison between the Hermans optical orientation function formula and the corrected formula by de Vries is given. The change in the refractive index profile of the annealed fibres is given. Illustrations are supplied using graphs and microintcrferograms.
Fibre Reinforced Plastics In Automotive Pedal Boxes
Authors: Sapuan S.M.
Published: September 2024

The benefits and disadvantages of fibre-reinforced plastics (FRP) for the construction of automotive pedal boxes are described. This review covers the methodologies for the design and manufacture of FRP pedal box systems and discusses the weight and cost savings that can be achieved.
Who Is Benefitted from Sustainable Performance? Evidence from the Industrial Sector
Authors: Lumb Aanchal , Vadlamudy Raveendra Saradhi
Published: September 2024

This empirical study aims to identify the impact of the previous year’s ESG (Environment, Social and Governance) ratings on firm performance, assuming a bidirectional and dynamic nature exists. The analysis suggests that if a firm is performing well, it will have an impact not only in the short run but also in the long run. The purpose is to identify the impact in the case of industries. This is an empirical study to identify the impact of ESG ratings on next year’s firm performance. We have used panel data for 10 years (2013–2022) for 568 companies from the industrial sector. Using two-stage least-squares regression analysis and a generalized method of moments, the study suggests a bidirectional relationship, suggesting that the dependent variable is dynamic. We have identified the impact of current and previous year performance on operating, market and financial performance in the industrial sector. The results are found to be significant for operating and market performance. In the case of lagged ESG performance, we have identified the impact on the current year’s financial performance. The results are consistent in the case of current as well as lagged performance. Each pillar of ESG has a different degree of impact in the short and long term.
Design, modeling, and characteristics of ring-shaped robot actuated by functional fluid
Authors: Mao Zebing , Bai Xuehang , Peng Yanhong , Shen Yayi
Published: September 2024

The controlled actuation of hydraulic and pneumatic actuators has unveiled fresh and thrilling opportunities for designing mobile robots with adaptable structures. Previously reported rolling robots, which were powered by fluidic systems, often relied on complex principles, cumbersome pump and valve systems, and intricate control strategies, limiting their applicability in other fields. In this investigation, we employed a distinct category of functional fluid identified as Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) fluid, serving as the pivotal element within the ring-shaped actuator. A short stream of functional fluid is placed within a fluidic channel and is then actuated by applying a direct current voltage aiming at shifting the center of mass of the robot and finally pushed the actuator to roll. We designed a ring-shaped fluidic robot, manufactured it using digital machining methods, and evaluated the robot’s characteristics. Furthermore, we developed static and dynamic models to analyze the oscillation and rolling motion of the ring-shaped robots using the Lagrange method. This study is anticipated to contribute to the expansion of current research on EHD flexible actuators, enabling the realization of complex robotic systems.
Comprehensive Analysis Identifies Hyaluronan Mediated Motility Receptor and Cell Division Cycle 25C as Potential Prognostic Biomarkers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Hongrui , Xu Yi , Han Haijun , Ye Xiongwei , Cheng Lu , Shen Yueshuang , Wan Xiaochen
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, but its pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the potential biomarkers underlying the diagnosis and treatment of HNSCC.

Methods

Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) followed by pathway enrichment analysis, analysis of infiltrating immune cells, survival analysis, and methylation analysis were applied to identify the potential hub genes underlying the prognosis of HNSCC. The expression of hub genes was validated by immunofluorescence staining.

Results

A total of 10,274 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Through WGCNA, the yellow module ( R2 = 0.33, P = 2e-14) was confirmed to be the most significantly associated with the histological grade of HNSCC, and the “Cell Cycle” proved to be the most enriched signaling pathway. Based on the results of survival analysis and immune cell infiltration, 10 hub genes ( HMMR, CENPK, AURKA, CDC25C, FEN1, CKS1B, MAJIN, PCLAF, SPC25, and STAG3) were identified. Eight of these (excluding MAJIN and STAG3) were confirmed by performing survival analysis using another dataset (GSE41613). Further, we identified 4 methylation loci in 3 hub genes (cg15122828 and cg20554926 in HMMR, cg12519992 in CDC25C, and cg2655739 in KIAA0101/PCLAF) as being significantly related to survival. Finally, we demonstrated the high mRNA and protein expression of HMMR and CDC25C in HNSCC patients.

Conclusion

Two real hub genes ( HMMR and CDC25C) and 3 methylation loci were identified that could potentially serve as prognostic and therapeutic targets for HNSCC, which is significant for studying the pathological mechanisms underlying HNSCC and for developing novel therapies for this disease.
Human microglia polarization following infection with the Lyme disease spirochete
Authors: Akinlusi Idris , Kan Brian , Shi Ted , Barragan Jose , Bouchot Carlos , Cervantes Jorge
Published: September 2024

Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi can spread and cause central nervous system involvement, known as neuroborreliosis. Microglia phagocytose bacteria, mediate inflammation, and elicit an immune response toward the spirochete. Like other tissue macrophages, microglia can polarize into two different modulatory phenotypes, M1 and M2. We explored human microglial polarization changes upon infection with B. burgdorferi. HMC3 human microglia cell line was infected with B. burgdorferi for 24 h. Expression of polarization markers was evaluated via flow cytometry at 4 and 24 h. Secreted immunological mediators were evaluated using a multiplex ELISA system at 4, 18, and 24 h. An early decrease followed by a later increase in expression of M1 polarization marker iNOS was observed at 4 h, and 24 h, respectively. A decrease in M2 marker CX3CR1 occurred at 24 h. There were no changes in expression of M1 markers CD14, or in M2 markers CD163 and CD206. Multiplex ELISA evidenced an increase in secretion of activation markers MIP-1α, MIP- 1β, IP-10, chemotactic factor MCP-1, M1 polarization cytokine IL-8, and VEGF, at 4, 18, and 24 h. A decrease of iNOS at 4 h of infection suggests a diminished production of reactive nitrogen species that are a critical component of innate defense against infection. Increased iNOS and simultaneously decreased expression of CX3CR1 at 24 h, may suggest initiation of neuroprotective regulation of microglia recruitment to neuroinflammation. The dynamics of major inflammatory cytokines appear to be important in the microglial response to B. burgdorferi and should be further studied as these could become therapeutic targets in neuroborreliosis.
Association between acetaminophen and risk of mortality in patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: A retrospective cohort study from the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Yu Hui , Yang Ting , Liu Dongsong
Published: September 2024

The occurrence of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) predicts a worse prognosis. We aimed to assess the impact of acetaminophen use on short-term mortality in patients with SA-AKI. A total of 6563 patients diagnosed with SA-AKI from the 2008 to 2019 Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. The Cox regression model was utilized to analyze the associations of acetaminophen with 30-day mortality and in-hospital mortality. Additional propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed regarding patients with acetaminophen use versus those without. Of these patients, 30-day mortality occurred in 1421 (21.65%) patients and in-hospital mortality in 1246 (18.99%) patients. Patients who used acetaminophen were associated with a reduced risk of 30-day mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71–0.90) and in-hospital mortality (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.63–0.82). The PSM analysis demonstrated that acetaminophen use was still related to a reduced risk of 30-day mortality and in-hospital mortality. Subgroup analysis showed that the relationships between acetaminophen and 30-day mortality and in-hospital mortality were consistent across subgroups (p < 0.05). The use of acetaminophen has an association with lower short-term mortality in patients with SA-AKI.
Association of health status and hospitalization risk for peripheral artery disease in the PORTRAIT registry
Authors: Cleman Jacob , Romain Gaëlle , Scierka Lindsey E , Labrosciano Clementine , Bradley Brooklyn , Fitridge Robert , Beltrame John , Shishehbor Mehdi H , Spertus John A , Mena-Hurtado Carlos , Smolderen Kim G
Published: September 2024

Background:

Healthcare utilization for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) is high, but stratifying patients’ risk of hospitalization at initial evaluation is challenging. We examined the association between health status at PAD presentation and risk of (1) combined all-cause hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits and (2) all-cause hospital admissions.

Methods:

Patients with claudication enrolled at US sites in the PORTRAIT registry were included. Health status was assessed using the Peripheral Artery Questionnaire (PAQ), a PAD-specific patient-reported outcome measure. Crude overall and cause-specific hospital admissions and ED visits were reported by PAQ overall summary score (PAQ-OS) ranges (0–24, 25–49, 50–74, and 75–100). Kaplan–Meier survival and unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models examined the association between baseline PAQ scores and (1) combined all-cause hospital admissions or ED visits and (2) all-cause hospital admissions over 12 months.

Results:

Of 796 patients, 349 (44%) had a hospital admission or ED visit over 12 months. Patients in the lowest (PAQ-OS = 0–24) versus the highest range (PAQ-OS = 75–100) had higher rates of 12-month (53.3% vs 22.4%) hospital admission and ED visits. In the adjusted model, each 10-point decrease in PAQ-OS was associated with a higher risk of all-cause hospital admission and ED visits (HR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.1–1.2, p < 0.0010) and all-cause hospital admission (HR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.1–1.2, p < 0.0010) at 12 months.

Conclusion:

PAD-specific health status is associated with an increased risk of healthcare utilization. Baseline health status may help stratify risk in patients with PAD, although replication and further validation of results are necessary.
Self-compassion and death distress among individuals affected by the February 6, 2023, Türkiye Earthquake: The mediating role of doomscrolling and resilience
Authors: Kaya Yağmur , Osmanoğlu Naile , Satıcı Seydi Ahmet , Deniz M Engin
Published: September 2024

Large-scale events like natural disasters and epidemics can have significant impacts on individuals’ mental health worldwide. Thus, it is crucial to examine the psychological effects of such events on people. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-compassion, death distress, doomscrolling, and resilience, among individuals affected by earthquakes. A total of 364 Turkish adults affected by the earthquakes that occurred in Türkiye on February 6, 2023, participated in the study. Structural equation modeling was utilized to explore the mediating roles of doomscrolling and resilience in the association between self-compassion and death distress. The results of the structural equation modeling indicated that both doomscrolling and resilience mediated the relationship between self-compassion and death distress in earthquake-affected individuals. These findings contribute to understanding the interplay between self-compassion, death distress, doomscrolling, and resilience in the context of earthquakes and are expected to inform future research endeavors.
Video analysis of music therapy interaction for children experiencing neurodevelopment delay
Authors: Cipriani Gianni , Antichi Lorenzo , Carapelli Laura , Ciannamea Giorgia , Repetti Silvana
Published: September 2024

Children experiencing neurodevelopmental delay have motor, linguistic, and cognitive problems that affect their skills in various domains, especially interpersonal ones. Since music therapy is based on musical exchange, these three case studies explore how child–music therapists’ interactions change within and between sessions. Moreover, we evaluated whether the children’s and parents’ musical interaction changed in everyday life. Three children experiencing neurodevelopmental delay participated in 70 psychodynamic music therapy sessions, relying primarily on musical improvisation techniques. The initial (i.e. pre-test) and final sessions (i.e. post-test) were video recorded and codified with the Kategoriensystem Musik Therapie (KAMUTHE) in the 10th and 30th minutes. Videos were analyzed using the Behavioral Observation Research Interactive Software (BORIS). In addition, parents completed the Music in Everyday Life (MEL) Scale to evaluate how they experienced musical activities with their children. Reliable Change Indexes (RCIs) were calculated to assess significant changes in everyday musical activities. Based on video analysis, three children were more active at the 30th minute and the post-test, while Music Therapists stimulated them less. In addition, therapists adapted the activities and stimuli based on the children’s responses. Based on RCIs, parents reported an increased musical engagement with two children. Music therapy might help children experiencing neurodevelopmental delays modify their interaction style and improve motor and interpersonal skills.
Rethinking challenges of a holographic world: Towards a quantum ontology for global governance
Authors: Pan Chengxin
Published: September 2024

About 25 years ago, James Rosenau called for a new ontology for global governance; 25 years on, this call remains relevant, because one of the main sources of many ‘global’ challenges (and their potential solutions) ultimately lies in the way we think, at the core of which is ontology or the fundamental assumption about reality. As the Newtonian atomistic ontology of independent things continues to dominate the theory and practice of global governance, this article proposes quantum holography as an alternative ontological framework. Treating parts as embodying the whole and lacking their own separate status, quantum holography draws on the radical ontology of quantum holism to dissolve the boundaries between matter and meaning, nature and human, whole and part, global and local/national. The article argues that to better understand and more effectively deal with the many challenges of the complex and volatile world, fostering a quantum holographic consciousness is essential.
Factors Behind Contemporary Rape Myths in Europe: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hyży Pamela , Mitka Marlena
Published: September 2024

Rape myths are social constructs, deeply rooted in European society. They play a role in maintaining false beliefs about sexual violence and are one of the main factors in sexual abuse behavior. In this review article, the authors focused on the factors influencing the perpetuation and spread of false beliefs regarding sexual violence, its victims, and perpetrators. The goal of the study is to achieve a more profound comprehension of the cultural and social dimensions linked to this occurrence. In conducting the systematic literature review, three databases have been used to search for pertinent articles: ProQuest, Scopus, and ERIH Plus. Only peer-reviewed scientific articles in English published between 2013 and 2023 were deemed eligible. Furthermore, inclusion criteria stipulated that articles must present empirical research of European origin, focusing on the keywords: “myths about rape,” “myths about sexual violence,” and “myths about rape.” In total 2,507 articles were initially identified, with 79 ultimately meeting the inclusion criteria. The analysis revealed the presence of several factors influencing the function of rape myths. These were categorized into sociodemographic, individual, and systemic. The general populace of European society commonly holds beliefs in rape myths. Moreover, numerous studies point to large legal and systemic inequalities that lead to social inequalities and, consequently, to the perpetuation of rape culture through victimization and victim blaming. This review demonstrates the need for future research on sex education as a factor in preventing rape myths.
Association of Childhood Sexual Abuse with Adolescent’s Psychopathology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hashim Mohammad , Iqbal Naved , Halligan Sarah , Alimoradi Zainab , Pfaltz Monique , Farooqi Saif R , Khan Irum , Galán Chardée A. , Vostanis Panos
Published: September 2024

Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA) poses a significant risk to mental health, especially among adolescents. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the association between CSA and adolescent psychopathology. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, we conducted an extensive search across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Embase, and ProQuest, resulting in 27,207 observational studies. From this pool, 87 studies ( n: 189,393) were included in the qualitative synthesis and 78 studies were included in meta-analysis, discussing CSA and adolescent’s psychopathology Random effect model with Cohen’s d values were used to analyze data. To assess publication bias, funnel plots, Egger’s regression test, and the fill and trim method were employed, with no significant bias found. The results indicated a positive correlation between CSA and adolescent psychopathology, for example, depression, anxiety, PTSD, suicidal ideation, nonsuicidal self-injury, anger, substance use, and sexrelated behaviors (Pooled association: 0.13–0.25, 95% CI [0.04, 0.28]). Subgroup analysis showed the strongest association in clinical samples. Furthermore, the moderator analysis suggested minimal influence of study-level variables, as well as men showing higher levels of anger and suicidal ideation. The positive correlation between CSA and psychopathological outcomes highlights the detrimental effects of CSA on adolescents’ mental health. To mitigate these effects, increased awareness, prevention efforts, and targeted interventions are essential.
Radiocarpal Fracture Dislocations: A Retrospective Review on Operative Fixation and Postoperative Range of Motion
Authors: Greco Victor E. , Akelman Matthew , Childress Morgan , Wood Taylor R. , Nunez Fiesky , Li Zhongyu J.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Radiocarpal dislocation (RCD) and radiocarpal fracture dislocation (RCFD) are rare but severe injury patterns with multiple types of fixation techniques described. The purpose of this study was to determine the outcomes of RCD and RCDF treated at our institution.

Methods:

Patients were identified using our institution’s electronic medical records between 2013 and 2022. Seventeen patients met criteria who suffered either RCD or RCFD. Patient charts were reviewed retrospectively with a focus on demographics, mechanism of injury, smoking status, open injury, direction of dislocation, Moneim and Dumontier classification, procedures, complications, final range of motion and subsequent surgeries.

Results:

Seventeen patients met criteria with an average age of 38.5 years. Thirteen patients sustained dorsal dislocations while 4 sustained volar dislocations. Four were Dumontier type I and 13 were type II. Twelve were Moneim type I and 5 were type II. Fourteen of the 17 patients had at least 6-month follow-up. The average flexion and extension at time of last follow-up was 33.6° and 39.5°, respectively. Average pronation and supination was 80.6° and 63.1°, respectively. Fourteen patients underwent subsequent surgeries, mainly hardware removal, and 5 had complications resulting in unplanned return to the operating room. There was no significant difference in post operative range of motion, complications, or subsequent surgeries based on Moneim or Dumontier classification ( P > 0.11).

Conclusions:

Radiocarpal dislocation and RCFD are challenging and rare injuries with multiple patterns and variance. With proper fixation and recognition of associated injuries, patients with these injuries can expect to return to work and achieve functional range of motion.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and disulfidptosis co-regulate neuronal cell in neuropathic pain based on bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Ge Hejia , Zhou Hongmei , Song Liuyi , Tao Yuqing , Hu Li
Published: September 2024

Neuropathic pain (NP) affects approximately 6.9–10% of the world’s population and necessitates the development of novel treatments. Mitochondria are essential in the regulation of cell death. Neuroimmune mechanisms are implicated in various forms of cell death associated with NP. However, the specific involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction and disulfidptosis in NP remains uncertain. Further research is required to gain a better understanding of their combined contribution. Our comprehensive study employs a variety of bioinformatic analysis methods, including differential gene analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, machine learning, functional enrichment analysis, immune infiltration, sub-cluster analysis, single-cell dimensionality reduction and cell-cell communication to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms behind these processes. Our study rationally defines a list of key gene sets for mitochondrial dysfunction and disulfidptosis. 6 hub mitochondrial genes and 3 disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) were found to be associated with NP. The key genes were predominantly expressed in neurons and were lowly expressed in the NP group compared to SHAM. In addition, our macrophages used the APP (Amyloid precursor protein)-CD74 (MHC class II invariant chain) pathway to interact with neurons. These results suggest that NP is interconnected with the mechanistic processes of mitochondrial dysfunction and disulfidptosis, which may contribute to clinically targeted therapies.