bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disruption of diapause induction by TALEN-based gene mutagenesis in relation to a unique neuropeptide signaling pathway in Bombyx
Authors: Shiomi Kunihiro , Takasu Yoko , Kunii Masayo , Tsuchiya Ryoma , Mukaida Moeka , Kobayashi Masakazu , Sezutsu Hideki , Ichida Takahama Masatoshi , Mizoguchi Akira
Published: October 2015

The insect neuropeptide family FXPRLa, which carries the Phe-Xaa-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 sequence at the C-terminus, is involved in many physiological processes. Although ligand–receptor interactions in FXPRLa signaling have been examined using in vitro assays, the correlation between these interactions and in vivo physiological function is unclear. Diapause in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, is thought to be elicited by diapause hormone (DH, an FXPRLa) signaling, which consists of interactions between DH and DH receptor (DHR). Here, we performed transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-based mutagenesis of the Bombyx DH-PBAN and DHR genes and isolated the null mutants of these genes in a bivoltine strain. All mutant silkworms were fully viable and showed no abnormalities in the developmental timing of ecdysis or metamorphosis. However, female adults oviposited non-diapause eggs despite diapause-inducing temperature and photoperiod conditions. Therefore, we conclude that DH signaling is essential for diapause induction and consists of highly sensitive and specific interactions between DH and DHR selected during ligand–receptor coevolution in Bombyx mori.
Environmental neurotoxin interaction with proteins: Dose-dependent increase of free and protein-associated BMAA (β-N-methylamino-L-alanine) in neonatal rat brain
Authors: Karlsson Oskar , Jiang Liying , Ersson Lisa , Malmström Tim , Ilag Leopold L. , Brittebo Eva B.
Published: October 2015

β-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is implicated in the aetiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Neonatal exposure to BMAA induces cognitive impairments and progressive neurodegenerative changes including intracellular fibril formation in the hippocampus of adult rats. It is unclear why the neonatal hippocampus is especially vulnerable and the critical cellular perturbations preceding BMAA-induced toxicity remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to compare the level of free and protein-associated BMAA in neonatal rat brain and peripheral tissues after different exposures to BMAA. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that BMAA passed the neonatal blood-brain barrier and was distributed to all studied brain areas. BMAA was also associated to proteins in the brain, especially in the hippocampus. The level in the brain was, however, considerably lower compared to the liver that is not a target organ for BMAA. In contrast to the liver there was a significantly increased level of protein-association of BMAA in the hippocampus and other brain areas following repeated administration suggesting that the degradation of BMAA-associated proteins may be lower in neonatal brain than in the liver. Additional evidence is needed in support of a role for protein misincorporation in the neonatal hippocampus for long-term effects of BMAA.
Joint Effect of Genotypic and Phenotypic Features of Reproductive Factors on Endometrial Cancer Risk
Authors: Wang Zhanwei , Risch Harvey , Lu Lingeng , Irwin Melinda L. , Mayne Susan , Schwartz Peter , Rutherford Thomas , De Vivo Immaculata , Yu Herbert
Published: October 2015

Prolonged estrogen exposure is believed to be the major cause of endometrial cancer. As possible markers of estrogen exposure, various menstrual and reproductive features, e.g., ages at menarche and menopause, are found to be associated with endometrial cancer risk. In order to assess their combined effects on endometrial cancer, we created the total number of menstrual cycles (TNMC) that a woman experienced during her life or up to the time of study and two genetic risk scores, GRS1 for age at menarche and GRS2 for age at menopause. Comparing 482 endometrial cancer patients with 571 population controls, we found TNMC was associated with endometrial cancer risk and that the association remained statistically significant after adjustment for obesity and other potential confounders. Risk increased by about 2.5% for every additional 10 menstrual-cycles. The study also showed that high GRS1 was associated with increased risk. This relationship, however, was attenuated after adjustment for obesity. Our study further indicated women with high TNMC and GRS1 had twice the risk of endometrial cancer compared to those low in both indices. Our results provided additional support to the involvement of estrogen exposure in endometrial cancer risk with regard to genetic background and lifestyle features.
Interaction between PVY HC-Pro and the NtCF1β-subunit reduces the amount of chloroplast ATP synthase in virus-infected tobacco
Authors: Tu Yayi , Jin Yongsheng , Ma Dongyuan , Li Heng , Zhang Zhenqian , Dong Jiangli , Wang Tao
Published: October 2015

The photosynthetic rate of virus-infected plants is always reduced. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. The helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) of Potato virus Y (PVY) was found in the chloroplasts of PVY-infected tobacco, indicating some new function of HC-Pro in the chloroplasts. We generated HC-Pro transgenic plants with a transit peptide to target the protein to chloroplast. The HC-Pro transgenic tobacco showed a decreased photosynthetic rate by 25% at the light intensity of 600 μmol m−2 s−1. Using a yeast two-hybrid screening assay to search for chloroplast proteins interacting with HC-Pro, we identified that PVY HC-Pro can interact with the chloroplast ATP synthase NtCF1β-subunit. This interaction was confirmed by GST pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays. HC-Pro didn’t interfere with the activity of assembled ATP synthase in vitro. The HC-Pro/NtCF1β-subunit interaction might affect the assembly of ATP synthase complex. Quantitative western blot and immunogold labeling of the ATP synthase indicated that the amount of ATP synthase complex was decreased in both the HC-Pro transgenic and the PVY-infected tobacco. These results demonstrate that HC-Pro plays an important role in reducing the photosynthetic rate of PVY-infected plants, which is a completely new role of HC-Pro besides its multiple known functions.
SKLB-677, an FLT3 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, displays potent activity in models of FLT3-driven AML
Authors: Ma Shuang , Yang Ling-Ling , Niu Ting , Cheng Chuan , Zhong Lei , Zheng Ming-Wu , Xiong Yu , Li Lin-Li , Xiang Rong , Chen Li-Juan , Zhou Qiao , Wei Yu-Quan , Yang Sheng-Yong
Published: October 2015

FLT3 has been identified as a valid target for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and some FLT3 inhibitors have shown very good efficacy in treating AML in clinical trials. Nevertheless, recent studies indicated that relapse and drug resistance are still difficult to avoid and leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are considered one of the most important contributors. Here, we report the characterization of SKLB-677, a new FLT3 inhibitor developed by us recently. SKLB-677 exhibits low nanomolar potency in biochemical and cellular assays. It is efficacious in animal models at doses as low as 1mg/kg when administrated orally once daily. In particular, SKLB-677 but not first-generation and second-generation FLT3 inhibitors in clinical trials has the ability to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling; Wnt/β-catenin signaling is required for the development of LSCs, but not necessary for the development of adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). This compound indeed showed considerable suppression effects on leukemia stem-like cells in in vitro functional assays, but had no influence on normal HSCs. Collectively, SKLB-677 is an interesting lead compound for the treatment of AML and deserves further investigations.
Induction of Gametogenesis in the Cnidarian Endosymbiosis Model Aiptasia sp.
Authors: Grawunder Désirée , Hambleton Elizabeth A. , Bucher Madeline , Wolfowicz Iliona , Bechtoldt Natascha , Guse Annika
Published: October 2015

Endosymbiosis is widespread among cnidarians and is of high ecological relevance. The tropical sea anemone Aiptasia sp. is a laboratory model system for endosymbiosis between reef-building corals and photosynthetic dinoflagellate algae of the genus Symbiodinium. Here we identify the key environmental cues to induce reproducible spawning in Aiptasia under controlled laboratory conditions. We find that simulating a lunar cycle with blue-wavelength light is necessary to promote abundant gamete production and synchronous release in well-fed animals. Sexual reproduction rates are genetically determined and differ among clonal lines under similar conditions. We also find the inverse difference in rates of asexual reproduction. This study provides the requisite basis for further development of the Aiptasia model system, allowing analysis of basic cellular and molecular mechanisms in the laboratory as well as investigations of broad questions of ecological and evolutionary relevance.
Gold Nanoparticle Aggregation as a Probe of Antifreeze (Glyco) Protein-Inspired Ice Recrystallization Inhibition and Identification of New IRI Active Macromolecules
Authors: Mitchell Daniel E. , Congdon Thomas , Rodger Alison , Gibson Matthew I.
Published: October 2015

Antifreeze (glyco)proteins are found in polar fish species and act to slow the rate of growth of ice crystals; a property known as ice recrystallization inhibition. The ability to slow ice growth is of huge technological importance especially in the cryopreservation of donor cells and tissue, but native antifreeze proteins are often not suitable, nor easily available. Therefore, the search for new materials that mimic this function is important, but currently limited by the low-throughout assays associated with the antifreeze properties. Here 30 nm gold nanoparticles are demonstrated to be useful colorimetric probes for ice recrystallization inhibition, giving a visible optical response and is compatible with 96 well plates for high-throughout studies. This method is faster, requires less infrastructure and has easier interpretation than the currently used ‘splat’ methods. Using this method, a series of serum proteins were identified to have weak, but specific ice recrystallization inhibition activity, which was removed upon denaturation. It is hoped that high-throughput tools such as this will accelerate the discovery of new antifreeze mimics.
Tiagabine Protects Dopaminergic Neurons against Neurotoxins by Inhibiting Microglial Activation
Authors: Liu Jie , Huang Dongping , Xu Jing , Tong Jiabin , Wang Zishan , Huang Li , Yang Yufang , Bai Xiaochen , Wang Pan , Suo Haiyun , Ma Yuanyuan , Yu Mei , Fei Jian , Huang Fang
Published: October 2015

Microglial activation and inflammation are associated with progressive neuronal apoptosis in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, has recently been shown to play an inhibitory role in the immune system. Tiagabine, a piperidine derivative, enhances GABAergic transmission by inhibiting GABA transporter 1 (GAT 1). In the present study, we found that tiagabine pretreatment attenuated microglial activation, provided partial protection to the nigrostriatal axis and improved motor deficits in a methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. The protective function of tiagabine was abolished in GAT 1 knockout mice that were challenged with MPTP. In an alternative PD model, induced by intranigral infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), microglial suppression and subsequent neuroprotective effects of tiagabine were demonstrated. Furthermore, the LPS-induced inflammatory activation of BV-2 microglial cells and the toxicity of conditioned medium toward SH-SY5Y cells were inhibited by pretreatment with GABAergic drugs. The attenuation of the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and the inhibition of the generation of inflammatory mediators were the underlying mechanisms. Our results suggest that tiagabine acts as a brake for nigrostriatal microglial activation and that it might be a novel therapeutic approach for PD.
Catalase-peroxidase (KatG) Structure and Function
Authors: Fita Ignacio , Carpena Xavi , Loewen Peter C.
Published: October 2015

Catalase-peroxidases, or KatGs, are fascinating multifunctional enzymes the first of which, from Escherichia coli, was characterized in 1979. The first crystal structure of a KatG from Haloarcula morismortui was reported in 2002 as a homodimer in which the N- and C-terminal domains of each subunit are structurally very similar. The core structure and heme cavity of the N-terminal domain bear a strong resemblance to plant peroxidases, and the catalytic ability is provided by a crosslinked structure involving the side chains of a methionine, a tyrosine and a tryptophan in a reversible association with a mobile arginine. The indole N–H of the tryptophan of the Met-Tyr-Trp adduct is reversibly modified with a perhydroxy modification (Trp–OOH) formed in a rapid reaction with molecular oxygen or as an intermediate in the catalytic reaction cycle. KatGs also activate the anti-tubercular pro-drug isoniazid or isonicotinic acid hydrazide by converting it to isonicotinyl-NAD. Several isoniazid binding sites have been identified in different KatGs, all in locations where electron transfer can feed electrons to the heme for superoxide synthesis, required in the activation process, and the peroxidatic reaction.
Multi-functional Hemoglobin Dehaloperoxidases
Authors: Franzen Stefan , Ghiladi Reza A. , Lebioda Lukasz , Dawson John
Published: October 2015

The protein known as dehaloperoxidase-hemoglobin (DHP) from the terebellid polychaete Amphitrite ornata has provided us with an example of a multi-functional protein that challenges many of the assumptions behind the structure–function correlation owing to its dual roles as an oxygen transport globin and a peroxidase. In this chapter, we will present an overview of the peroxidase function of DHP, and will describe the mechanism of the oxidative dehalogenation reaction carried out by this enzyme when initiated from both the ferric and oxyferrous states by the addition of hydrogen peroxide. The structural and electronic properties of the heme active site will also be discussed in the context of the proximal and distal cavities and the corresponding charge relays. The question of small molecule binding will be addressed, with a particular emphasis on the inhibitor binding site and the current understanding of internal versus external substrate binding. Finally, the deactivation of DHP and its physiological role will be presented.
The Peroxidase and Cyclooxygenase Activity of Prostaglandin H Synthase
Authors: Kudalkar Shalley N. , Rouzer Carol A. , Marnett Lawrence J.
Published: October 2015

Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a homodimeric enzyme that catalyzes the oxygenation of arachidonic acid (AA) in the committed step of prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis. Two isoforms of COX exist: COX-1, a housekeeping enzyme that maintains homeostatic PG synthesis, and COX-2, an inducible form involved in inflammatory and mitogenic processes. COX-2 can also oxygenate the endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) and arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA) to their respective PG glyceryl ester and ethanolamide derivatives, respectively. PG biosynthesis occurs through COX's two distinct, interdependent peroxidase and cyclooxygenase activities. Hydroperoxides play a multifaceted role in COX catalysis by acting as substrates for the peroxidase reaction, initiators or activators for the cyclooxygenase reaction, and inactivators of enzymatic activity. Thus, regulation of peroxide levels, primarily by glutathione peroxidase, suppresses PG biosynthesis, while peroxides generated during the cyclooxygenase reaction impose an upper limit on PG production through enzyme inactivation. Within this context, functional differences between the COX isoforms with regard to their peroxide-dependent activation allow differential control of PG biosynthesis, even when both enzymes are present in the same intracellular compartment. Furthermore, substrate-specific differences in sensitivity to peroxide tone may play a role in determining the relative rate of oxygenation of AA versus the endocannabinoids.
Peroxidases as Potential Industrial Biocatalysts
Authors: Ayala Marcela , Torres Eduardo
Published: October 2015

Oxidation is a central transformation reaction in synthetic chemistry. For decades, oxidation reactions were carried out with stoichiometric toxic reagents such as chromates. For the past few decades, biocatalysis with heme peroxidases and peroxygenases have emerged as an additional pillar for environmentally benign oxidation catalysis. Biocatalytic oxidations that use hydrogen peroxide are highly desired for applications in the area of pharmaceuticals. Additionally, biocatalytic reactions offer advantages over many chemocatalytic counterparts, their selectivity being the most important. Heme peroxidases have the potential to be widely used as oxidative biocatalysts in many industrial fields. This is because they are enzymes capable of performing a wide variety of oxidation reactions, ranging from radical coupling reactions, to oxygen atom insertion into substrates, to several types of halogenation processes. The types of catalytic activity exhibited by heme peroxidases are associated with the redox potential of the active species formed in the catalytic cycle, the accessibility of the substrates to their heme active site or to solvent-exposed residues acting as alternative oxidation sites, as well as the possibility to generate diffusible halogenating and oxidating species. In this chapter a brief overview of potential applications will be discussed.
Structure and Reactivity of the Dye-decolorizing Peroxidase (DyP) Family
Authors: Rahmanpour Rahman , Bugg Timothy D. H.
Published: October 2015

The dye-decolorizing peroxidases are a recently discovered family of bacterial and fungal peroxidases that are structurally unrelated to the previously studied mammalian and plant peroxidases, but show novel reactivity for oxidation of anthraquinone dyes, phenolic substrates, Mn(ii) and in some cases polymeric lignin. The chapter discusses the discovery of this family of peroxidases, their classification into four sub-families via phylogenetic analysis, and the crystal structures of members of each sub-family. The reactivity of each sub-family is discussed, and the catalytic mechanism of the DyP peroxidases, which differ from conventional peroxidases in having an active site aspartic acid as a proton donor, in place of histidine. Possible applications of the novel reactivities of the DyP enzymes are discussed.
Chicken, beams, and Campylobacter: rapid differentiation of foodborne bacteria via vibrational spectroscopy and MALDI-mass spectrometry
Authors: Muhamadali Howbeer , Weaver Danielle , Subaihi Abdu , AlMasoud Najla , Trivedi Drupad K. , Ellis David I. , Linton Dennis , Goodacre Royston
Published: October 2015

This study is focused on the rapid differentiation of multipleCampylobacterspecies down to sub-species level, which may provide critical information and knowledge of risk factors, virulence, and distribution of these major foodborne pathogens.
Determination of triazine pesticides in honey by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution isotope dilution mass spectrometry combined with dispersive micro-solid phase extraction
Authors: Zhang Yiping , Chen Dawei , Zhao Yunfeng
Published: October 2015

An effective DMSPE procedure with PCX sorbent has been developed for the rapid analysis of triazine pesticides in honey.
Efficient separation of boron using solid-phase extraction for boron isotope analysis by MC-ICP-MS
Authors: He Maoyong , Jin Zhangdong , Lu Hai , Ren Tongxiang
Published: October 2015

An experimental apparatus for ion exchange solid-phase extraction (SPE) was designed to separate boron for boron isotope analysis by MC-ICP-MS. Using the SPE under a pump pressure of up to 0.04 MPa, boron can be efficiently separated from >10 mL water samples with a low boron content.
A polydopamine nanosphere based highly sensitive and selective aptamer cytosensor with enzyme amplification
Authors: Fan Daoqing , Wu Changtong , Wang Kun , Gu Xiaoxiao , Liu Yaqing , Wang Erkang
Published: October 2015

With CCRF-CEM as the model cell, a highly sensitive and selective cytosensor was developed by taking advantage of polydopamine nanospheres for the first time.
Cp*Co(IPr): synthesis and reactivity of an unsaturated Co(i) complex
Authors: Andjaba John M. , Tye Jesse W. , Yu Pony , Pappas Iraklis , Bradley Christopher A.
Published: October 2015

Coordinatively unsaturated Cp*Co(IPr) (2) has been isolated and displays reactivity consistent with a Cp*CoL fragment, undergoing ligand addition/NHC displacement and oxidative addition of dihydrogen.
The asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-N-acetyl norloline
Authors: Ye Jian-Liang , Liu Yang , Yang Zhi-Ping , Huang Pei-Qiang
Published: October 2015

The asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-N-acetyl norloline, the putative biogenic precursor of all known loline alkaloids, has been achieved in 12 steps from a commercially available compound.
Ultrafine Pt nanoparticle-decorated robust 3D N-doped porous graphene as an enhanced electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation
Authors: Qin Yong , Chao Lei , Yuan Jie , Liu Yang , Chu Fuqiang , Kong Yong , Tao Yongxin , Liu Meilin
Published: October 2015

Pt nanoparticles with an average diameter of 3 nm are loaded on a robust 3D N-doped graphene crosslinked with covalent bonds. The resulting composite material exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic activity and long-term stability toward methanol oxidation.
Catalytic asymmetric chemoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of an azomethine ylide with isatin-derived imines: diastereo- and enantioselective construction of a spiro[imidazolidine-2,3′-oxindole] framework
Authors: Wang Yue-Ming , Zhang Hong-Hao , Li Can , Fan Tao , Shi Feng
Published: October 2015

The title reaction has been established to construct biologically important spiro[imidazolidine-2,3′-oxindole] frameworks in high diastereo- and enantioselectivities.
TADDOL-based phosphorus(iii)-ligands in enantioselective Pd(0)-catalysed C–H functionalisations
Authors: Pedroni Julia , Cramer Nicolai
Published: October 2015

Monodentate TADDOL-derived phosphoramidites and phosphonites are versatile chiral ligands for enantioselective Pd(0)-catalysed C–H functionalisations.
Boron clusters in luminescent materials
Authors: Mukherjee Sanjoy , Thilagar Pakkirisamy
Published: October 2015

Recent advancements in luminescent materials containing polyhedral boron clusters are summarised in this review article.
The one-step synthesis and surface functionalization of dumbbell-like gold–iron oxide nanoparticles: a chitosan-based nanotheranostic system
Authors: Kostevsek Nina , Locatelli Erica , Garrovo Chiara , Arena Francesca , Monaco Ilaria , Nikolov Ivaylo Petrov , Sturm Saso , Zuzek Rozman Kristina , Lorusso Vito , Giustetto Pierangela , Bardini Paola , Biffi Stefania , Comes Franchini Mauro
Published: October 2015

The first one-step synthesis of dumbbell-like gold–iron oxide nanoparticles has been reported here. Surface functionalization with a biocompatible chitosan matrix allowed us to obtain a novel targetable diagnostic and therapeutic tool.
Hetero-bimetallic metal–organic polyhedra
Authors: Teo Jesse M. , Coghlan Campbell J. , Evans Jack D. , Tsivion Ehud , Head-Gordon Martin , Sumby Christopher J. , Doonan Christian J.
Published: October 2015

Porous metal–organic polyhedra (MOPs), constructed from heterometallic PdII–MII (M = Cu, Ni, Zn) paddlewheel nodes and 5-tert-butyl-1,3-benzenedicarboxylate organic links, were prepared in which the PdII ions preferentially line the inner surface of the cage molecules.
Cryogenic abnormal thermal expansion properties of carbon-doped La(Fe,Si)13 compounds
Authors: Li Shaopeng , Huang Rongjin , Zhao Yuqiang , Wang Wei , Li Laifeng
Published: October 2015

The abnormal thermal expansion properties of La(Fe,Si)13 compounds have been optimized by means of doping interstitial carbon atoms.
DOS and electron attachment effects in the electron-induced vibrational excitation of terphenylthiol SAMs
Authors: Houplin J. , Amiaud L. , Dablemont C. , Lafosse A.
Published: October 2015

Low energy electron scattering on terphenylthiol (TPT, HS-(C6H4)2-C6H5) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) deposited onto gold was investigated using high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) by recording specular elastic and inelastic excitation functions.
Effect of particle size on magnetic and electric transport properties of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 coatings
Authors: Zhou Yu , Zhu Xinde , Li Shengli
Published: October 2015

The temperature dependent resistivity data fitted through three conduction mechanisms for the LSMO samples were markedly affected by particle sizes.
Understanding the fundamentals of redox mediators in Li–O2 batteries: a case study on nitroxides
Authors: Bergner Benjamin J. , Hofmann Christine , Schürmann Adrian , Schröder Daniel , Peppler Klaus , Schreiner Peter R. , Janek Jürgen
Published: October 2015

An electrochemical model is derived for the charging of Li–O2 batteries with dissolved redox mediators and applied to selected nitroxides.
Spatial frequency heterodyne imaging of aqueous phase transitions inside multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Schunk F. M. , Rand D. , Rose-Petruck C.
Published: October 2015

Spatial frequency heterodyne imaging of aqueous phase transitions in carbon nanotubes demonstrates the applicability of thermodynamics to nano-confined water.
Light harvesting in photonic crystals revisited: why do slow photons at the blue edge enhance absorption?
Authors: Deparis O. , Mouchet S. R. , Su B.-L.
Published: October 2015

Enhanced absorption in TiO2 inverse opals with blue-edge slow photons is explained by loose field confinement in thin TiO2 skeleton.
Fluorescence emissions of imide compounds and end-capped polyimides enhanced by intramolecular double hydrogen bonds
Authors: Kanosue Kenta , Ando Shinji
Published: October 2015

Enhancement of the fluorescence quantum yield of imide compounds by introducing intramolecular double hydrogen bonds.
Sign change of magnetoresistance in Gd-doped amorphous carbon granular films
Authors: Ding Shihao , Jin Chao , Fan Ziwei , Li Peng , Bai Haili
Published: October 2015

Three temperature regions correspond to three MR mechanisms.
A theoretical study of O2 activation by the Au7-cluster on Mg(OH)2: roles of surface hydroxyls and hydroxyl defects
Authors: Jia Chuanyi , Fan Weiliu
Published: October 2015

Oxygen activation and dissociation by the Au7-cluster supported on the perfect and hydroxyl defective Mg(OH)2(0001) surface were investigated.
Solvation effects on the band edge positions of photocatalysts from first principles
Authors: Ping Yuan , Sundararaman Ravishankar , Goddard III William A.
Published: October 2015

Continuum solvation theories predict large shifts in band positions of photocatalysts from vacuum to solution, in agreement with experiment.
Contact angles and wettability of ionic liquids on polar and non-polar surfaces
Authors: Pereira Matheus M. , Kurnia Kiki A. , Sousa Filipa L. , Silva Nuno J. O. , Lopes-da-Silva José A. , Coutinho João A. P. , Freire Mara G.
Published: October 2015

Experimental and theoretical approaches were combined and a new extended list for the contact angles of ionic liquids on three surfaces is provided.
Natural supramolecular protein assemblies
Authors: Pieters Bas J. G. E. , van Eldijk Mark B. , Nolte Roeland J. M. , Mecinović Jasmin
Published: October 2015

Structural and functional studies on a diverse set of natural supramolecular protein assemblies are systematically presented in this Tutorial Review.
Raman and infra-red microspectroscopy: towards quantitative evaluation for clinical research by ratiometric analysis
Authors: Kumar Srividya , Verma Taru , Mukherjee Ria , Ariese Freek , Somasundaram Kumaravel , Umapathy Siva
Published: October 2015

We demonstrate how ratioing spectral bands can circumvent experimental artefacts, and present a library of ratios from the biomedical literature.
Phosphidoboratabenzene–rhodium(i) complexes as precatalysts for the hydrogenation of alkenes at room temperature and atmospheric pressure
Authors: Perez Viridiana , Audet Pierre , Bi Wenhua , Fontaine Frédéric-Georges
Published: October 2015

The synthesis and characterization of a phosphido-boratabenzene rhodium complex is reported. The species acts as a precatalyst for the hydrogenation of alkenes at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
Understanding gate adsorption behaviour of CO2 on elastic layer-structured metal–organic framework-11
Authors: Hiraide Shotaro , Tanaka Hideki , Miyahara Minoru T.
Published: October 2015

We demonstrate that CO2 gate adsorption behaviour of elastic layer-structured metal–organic framework-11 can be described by a thermodynamic model by free energy analysis with the aid of an adsorption experiment and a molecular simulation.
Particle size distribution of workplace aerosols in manganese alloy smelters applying a personal sampling strategy
Authors: Berlinger B. , Bugge M. D. , Ulvestad B. , Kjuus H. , Kandler K. , Ellingsen D. G.
Published: October 2015

Air samples were collected by personal sampling with five stage Sioutas cascade impactors and respirable cyclones in parallel among tappers and crane operators in two manganese (Mn) alloy smelters in Norway to investigate PM fractions.
Tailoring structure formation and mechanical properties of particle brush solids via homopolymer addition
Authors: Schmitt Michael , Hui Chin Ming , Urbach Zachary , Yan Jiajun , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Bockstaller Michael R.
Published: October 2015

Recent progress in the area of surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) has enabled the synthesis of polymer-grafted colloids with precise control over the architecture of grafted chains. The resulting ‘particle brush materials’ are of interest both from a fundamental as well as applied perspective because structural frustrations (associated with the tethering of chains to a curved surface) imply a sensitive dependence of the interactions between brush particles on the architecture of surface-tethered chains that offers new opportunities to design hybrid materials with novel functionalities. An important prerequisite for establishing structure–property relations in particle brush materials is to understand the role of homopolymer impurities that form, for example, by thermal self-initiation. This contribution presents a detailed discussion of the role of homopolymer additives on the structure and mechanical properties of particle brush materials. The results suggest that the dissolution of homopolymer fillers follows a two-step mechanism comprised of the initial segregation of homopolymer to the interstitial regions within the array and the subsequent swelling of the particle brush (depending on the respective degree of polymerization of brush and linear chains). Addition of even small amounts of homopolymer is found to significantly increase the fracture toughness of particle brush assembly structures. The increased resistance to failure could enable the synthesis of robust colloidal crystal type materials that can be processed into complex shapes using ‘classical’ polymer forming techniques such as molding or extrusion.
Biosynthesis of fungal meroterpenoids
Authors: Matsuda Yudai , Abe Ikuro
Published: October 2015

Biosynthetic pathways and mechanisms of biologically active and/or structurally intriguing fungal meroterpenoids are summarized and discussed.
Tailoring dye-sensitized upconversion nanoparticle excitation bands towards excitation wavelength selective imaging
Authors: Wu Xiang , Lee Hyungseok , Bilsel Osman , Zhang Yuanwei , Li Zhanjun , Chen Teresa , Liu Yi , Duan Chunying , Shen Jie , Punjabi Amol , Han Gang
Published: October 2015

A set of UCNPs that feature NIR dye characteristic excitation wavelengths were created for excitation wavelength selective security imaging.
An empirical study-based state space model for multilayer overlay errors in the step-scan lithography process
Authors: He Fuyun , Zhang Zhisheng
Published: October 2015

In semiconductor manufacturing, the multilayer overlay lithography process is a typical multistage manufacturing process; one of the key factors that restrict the reliability and yield of integrated circuit chips is overlay error between the layers.
Using hydrogen peroxide to mediate through a one-step hydrothermal method for the fast and green synthesis of N-CDs
Authors: He Jiangling , Lei Bingfu , Zhang Haoran , Zheng Mingtao , Dong Hanwu , Zhuang Jianle , Xiao Yong , Liu Yingliang
Published: October 2015

The strategy for the formation mechanism of N-CDs under high temperature and high pressure can be summarized as consisting of two parts including top-down and bottom-up. It can serve as an efficient way to express the detailed formation process of N-CDs.
Synthesis of Cu–MxOy/Al2O3(M = Fe, Zn, W or Sb) catalysts for the conversion of glycerol to acetol: effect of texture and acidity of the supports
Authors: Braga Tiago Pinheiro , Essayem Nadine , Valentini Antoninho
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this work is to study the relationships between the copper oxide structure, specific surface area, acidity of MxOy/Al2O3(M = Fe, Zn, W and Sb) supports and subsequently the catalytic proprieties of the solids.
Facile hydrothermal synthesis of flower-like Co-doped NiO hierarchical nanosheets as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Hui , Zeng Min , Li Jing , Tong Xiaoling
Published: October 2015

Co-doped NiO hierarchical nanosheets with a flower-like morphology were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal process and characterized systematically by a variety of test means.
Preparation and characterization of a novel tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin–graphene oxide nanocomposite and application in an optical sensor and determination of mercury ions
Authors: Zare-Dorabei Rouholah , Rahimi Rahmatollah , Koohi Asgar , Zargari Solmaz
Published: October 2015

Optical chemical sensor for determination of mercury ions.
Methane activation on Fe- and FeO-embedded graphene and boron nitride sheet: role of atomic defects in catalytic activities
Authors: Impeng Sarawoot , Khongpracha Pipat , Sirijaraensre Jakkapan , Jansang Bavornpon , Ehara Masahiro , Limtrakul Jumras
Published: October 2015

The influence of supporting materials, graphene and boron nitride sheets, on the reactivity of Fe and FeO active species have been unravelled by using a dispersion-corrected DFT (PBE-D2) method.
Synthesis and degradable properties of cycloaliphatic epoxy resin from renewable biomass-based furfural
Authors: Zhao Linni , Zhang Lin , Wang Zhonggang
Published: October 2015

Furfural-based diepoxide with acetal linkages is synthesized. The cured product can degrade in acidic solutions, showing applications in recovery of precious metal and carbon fiber from electronic waste and composite materials fabricated with it.
Kaempferide, the most active among the four flavonoids isolated and characterized from Chromolaena odorata, induces apoptosis in cervical cancer cells while being pharmacologically safe
Authors: Nath Lekshmi R. , Gorantla Jaggaiah N. , Joseph Sophia Margaret , Antony Jayesh , Thankachan Sanu , Menon Darsan B. , Sankar S. , Lankalapalli Ravi S. , Anto Ruby John
Published: October 2015

We report the isolation and characterization of four compounds from a cytotoxic fraction F-17, isolated from the DCM extract ofC. odorataby bioactivity guided fractionation.
Influence of interface stabilisers and surrounding aqueous phases on nematic liquid crystal shells
Authors: Noh JungHyun , Reguengo De Sousa Kevin , Lagerwall Jan P. F.
Published: October 2015

Aqueous phases surrounding liquid crystal shells, and additives stabilizing the interfaces, affect the liquid crystal in ways previously not recognized.
A multifunctional Eu MOF as a fluorescent pH sensor and exhibiting highly solvent-dependent adsorption and degradation of rhodamine B
Authors: Meng Qingguo , Xin Xuelian , Zhang Liangliang , Dai Fangna , Wang Rongming , Sun Daofeng
Published: October 2015

A porous Eu MOF with pH-dependent fluorescent emission and exhibiting selective adsorption and degradation of rhodamine B was synthesized and characterized.
A Retrospective Examination of Prandial Aspiration in Preterm Infants
Authors: Ferguson Neina F. , Estis Julie , Evans Kelli , Dagenais Paul A. , VanHangehan James
Published: October 2015

Purpose

We conducted this retrospective study to identify potential signs of aspiration in preterm infants based on crib-side nursing documentation.

Study Design and Methods

A total of 2,590 bottle-feedings were examined for signs of distress across 41 preterm infants who were referred for a swallowing evaluation. All infants underwent either a videofluoroscopic swallow study (VSS) or upper gastrointestinal study (GIS). Physiologic and behavioral warning signs were coded across feedings 10 days prior to the imaging study. Presence or absence of documented aspiration during VSS/GIS was coded for each infant.

Results

Distress signs were documented in seven percent of oral feeding attempts. Aspiration was more common when the crib-side nurse documented coughing (LR+, 8.77; 95% CI, .99–77.09), compromised oxygen saturation levels (LR+, 2.15; CI, .86–5.47), and tachypnea (LR+, 2.15; CI, .28–3.01) during bottle-feeding.

Clinical Implications

Evidence-based distress signs that signal increased suspicion for prandial aspiration will facilitate correct clinical judgments at crib-side. Early identification and prevention of prandial aspiration improves health outcomes for preterm infants.
Design and evaluation of ANR algorithm for LTE real scenario with high interference
Authors: Ortega‐Sicilia D. , Cabrera Almeida F. , Sedeño Noda A. , Ayala‐Alfonso A.
Published: October 2015

The operation of mobile networks has three basic objectives to fulfil: quality–coverage–capacity, at a cost of efficient operation. Quality can be expressed as the network's ability to maintain a call or data session, which must be terminated at will by users. When the network is not able to fulfil this condition, dropped calls occur. To ensure quality and user mobility, it is necessary to design a proper neighbour cell list to allow transfer between cells. In this sense, the 3GPP standard considers the ANR (automatic neighbour relation) technique for LTE as an automatic method of defining neighbour lists that optimises network performance. Presented is a method to define an optimised neighbour cell list, which is designed and implemented in a real UMTS network of Telefónica within a high interference scenario, and which is easily extrapolated to the LTE network.
Moving dim target detection via density‐based cluster in infrared image sequences
Authors: Li Zhaohui , Liu Delian , Wang Xiaorui
Published: October 2015

A new approach for detecting moving dim targets in infrared image sequences is proposed. The approach adopts an innovative density‐based cluster to eliminate the interferences of heavy and slowly evolving clutters and extract pulse signals on temporal profiles that are generated by moving targets. Two infrared senses are processed by this approach and other conventional approaches. The results show the approach has high robustness to heavy and slowly evolving clutters.
Tunable balanced bandpass filter with high common‐mode suppression
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐Lan , Gao Li , Xu Jin‐Xu
Published: October 2015

This Letter presents a novel tunable balanced bandpass filter with high common‐mode (CM) suppression by using discriminating coupling. Four half‐wavelength resonators terminated with varactors are utilised to obtain the tunable responses. The high CM suppression is realised by discriminating coupling between feeding structures and resonators, which blocks the CM signals. An experimental tunable balanced bandpass filter is implemented which achieve the continuous tuning range from 0.84 to 1.15 GHz and more than 50 dB CM rejection levels.
Lattice reduction aided tabu search with channel‐dependent stopping criterion for MIMO systems
Authors: Gyamfi Kojo Sarfo , Baek Jonghyen , Lee Kyungchun
Published: October 2015

An initial solution based on lattice reduction (LR) and a novel stopping criterion for the tabu search (TS) detection algorithm are proposed for use in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna systems. LR aided‐detection is performed and its result is utilised as an initial solution to the TS algorithm, while a measure of the condition of the lattice‐reduced channel is used as a criterion for early termination of the algorithm. On the basis of the simulation results, this approach outperforms other initial solutions by about 3.5 dB at a BER of 10−3 for the 16‐QAM 16 × 16 MIMO with only a slight increment in computational cost. The proposed stopping criterion reduces the complexity further with virtually no loss in BER performance.
Piezoelectrets with well‐defined cavities produced from 3D‐printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene structures
Authors: Assagra Y.A.O. , Altafim R.A.P. , Altafim R.A.C. , Carmo J.P.
Published: October 2015

A novel piezoelectret with well‐defined cavities produced by three‐dimensional printing technology is reported. This prototyping tool allows many samples to be prepared in a single printing step and provides the possibility to design voided structures with control of the cavity geometric parameters such as height, diameter and shape. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene piezoelectrets were fabricated by this method and measurements regarding their electrical response against time, temperature and pressure are presented. The samples show an average piezoelectric coefficient d33 of around 100 pC/N and 70% of this piezoelectricity remains after they were exposed to temperatures up to 85°C.
Compact circular polarised SIW array antenna with high gain and conical‐beam
Authors: Guan Dongfang , Zhang Yongsong , Qian Zuping , Zhang Jianguo
Published: October 2015

A substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity‐backed slot array antenna with circularly polarised (CP) conical beam is proposed. The antenna consists of four SIW cavities and four annular ring slots on each cavity as radiating part. Each antenna element radiates CP boresight beam and then conical beam can be obtained for the whole array. Without individual feed network, the proposed antenna has compact structure.
Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor 60 GHz power amplifier by in‐phase power combining and digitally assisted power back‐off efficiency enhancement
Authors: Li Nan , Hao Yu , Liang Yuan , Fei Wei , Li Xiuping , Liu Xiong
Published: October 2015

A two‐dimensional in‐phase power combining with digitally assisted self‐tuning is demonstrated in this study for complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) 60 GHz power amplifier (PA) to improve power efficiency. One digitally assisted 4‐way power‐combined PA prototype was implemented in 65‐nm CMOS process. The performance of measured results show output power of 17.2 dBm, power added efficiency of 11.3% with 1.2 V supply voltage, and up to 170–190% efficiency improvement during power back‐off for the entire 7 GHz band at 60 GHz.
Critical Values of Facet Joint Angulation and Tropism in the Development of Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: An International, Large-Scale Multicenter Study by the AOSpine Asia Pacific Research Collaboration Consortium
Authors: Samartzis Dino , Cheung Jason Pui Yin , Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan , Kawaguchi Yoshiharu , Acharya Shankar , Kawakami Mamoru , Satoh Shigenobu , Chen Wen-Jer , Park Chun-Kun , Lee Chong-Suh , Foocharoen Thanit , Nagashima Hideki , Kuh Sunguk , Zheng Zhaomin , Condor Richard , Ito Manabu , Iwasaki Motoki , Jeong Je Hoon , Luk Keith D. K. , Prijambodo Bambang , Rege Amol , Jahng Tae-Ahn , Luo Zhuojing , Tassanawipas Warat , Acharya Narayana , Pokharel Rohit , Shen Yong , Ito Takui , Zhang Zhihai , Aithala P Janardhana , Kumar Gomatam Vijay , Jabir Rahyussalim Ahmad , Basu Saumyajit , Li Baojun , Moudgil Vishal , Goss Ben , Sham Phoebe , Williams Richard
Published: October 2015

Study Design

An international, multicenter cross-sectional image-based study performed in 33 institutions in the Asia Pacific region.

Objective

The study addressed the role of facet joint angulation and tropism in relation to L4–L5 degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS).

Methods

The study included 349 patients (63% females; mean age: 61.8 years) with single-level DS; 82 had no L4–L5 DS (group A) and 267 had L4–L5 DS (group B). Axial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were utilized to assess facet joint angulations and tropism (i.e., asymmetry between facet joint angulations) between groups.

Results

There was a statistically significant difference between group A (left mean: 46.1 degrees; right mean: 48.2 degrees) and group B (left mean: 55.4 degrees; right mean: 57.5 degrees) in relation to bilateral L4–L5 facet joint angulations ( p < 0.001). The mean bilateral angulation difference was 7.4 and 9.6 degrees in groups A and B, respectively ( p = 0.025). A critical value of 58 degrees or greater significantly increased the likelihood of DS if unilateral (adjusted OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.2 to 5.5; p = 0.021) or bilateral facets (adjusted OR: 5.9; 95% CI: 2.7 to 13.2; p < 0.001) were involved. Facet joint tropism was found to be relevant between 16 and 24 degrees angulation difference (adjusted OR: 5.6; 95% CI: 1.2 to 26.1; p = 0.027).

Conclusions

In one of the largest studies assessing facet joint orientation in patients with DS, greater sagittal facet joint angulation was associated with L4-L5 DS, with a critical value of 58 degrees or greater increasing the likelihood of the condition for unilateral and bilateral facet joint involvement. Specific facet joint tropism categories were noted to be associated with DS.
2.2.3 Cyanation of Aryl Halides
Authors: Ouali A. , Taillefer M.
Published: October 2015

The cyanation of aryl halides (iodides, bromides, and chlorides) constitutes a very useful transformation in organic chemistry. Indeed, it allows the preparation of arenecarbonitriles, which are important intermediates and targets throughout life and material sciences. The most convenient methods for the cyanation of aryl halides (Ar1X) involve a transition-metal catalyst and a cyanide source, the most common ones being alkali metal cyanides, zinc cyanide, potassium hexacyanoferrate(II), and, to a lesser extent, cyanohydrins or trimethylsilyl cyanide. The main transition metals able to promote such reactions are nickel, palladium, and copper. The choice of the metal mainly depends on the nature of the aryl halide to be converted, with the reactivity of aryl halides decreasing from aryl iodides to aryl bromides to aryl chlorides. Nickel and palladium systems are able to activate all aryl halides, including the less expensive but less reactive chlorides, while copper catalysts can be used for cyanations of aryl iodides and bromides. In this chapter, emphasis is placed on palladium- and copper-based catalysts, taking into account their better ease of execution, their better sustainability, and the high number of systems reported, compared to their nickel counterparts.