bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epoxy terminated polysiloxane blended with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A. 1: Curing behavior and compatibility
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Weizhen , Chen Kaimin , Gan Wenjun , Wang Cheng
Published: September 2018

An epoxypropoxypropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (DMS‐E09) is blended with a commercial epoxy resin [diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA)], using methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride as a curing agent in the presence of the accelerator N, N‐dimethyl benzyl amine. The co‐curing behaviors, glass‐transition temperature (Tg) are studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and curing kinetic parameters are calculated by Kissinger and Ozawa methods. It is found that the apparent activation energy for DMS‐E09 is slightly lower than that of the DGEBA by 9–10 kJ mol−1. Dynamic mechanical analysis is subsequently employed and reveals that the value of Tg (peak of tan δ at higher temperature) consists with the result of DSC very well. With the increase of DMS‐E09 content, storage modulus and the values of Tg and Tβ (peak of tan δ at lower temperature) all have a tendency of decreasing monotonically. Furthermore, Tg and Tβ follow Fox and Gordon‐Taylor expression well, indicating compatible networks in certain level are obtained. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46891.
Chitosan/polyaniline hybrid for the removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solutions
Authors: Minisy I. M. , Salahuddin N. A. , Ayad M. M.
Published: September 2018

Nanostructured chitosan/polyaniline (CH/PANI) hybrid was synthesized via in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of chitosan. The CH/PANI hybrid was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The CH/PANI hybrid had a nanofibrous structure with an average diameter of 70 nm. This hybrid was employed as an ecofriendly and efficient adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for the removal of Acid Green 25 (AG) and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. AG and MB were used as anionic and cationic model dyes, respectively. The CH/PANI adsorbent showed high dependence on the pH of the medium with an excellent adsorption performance and regeneration manner. The kinetics and adsorption isotherms were studied. The CH/PANI hybrid follows the pseudo second‐order adsorption kinetics and Temkin isotherm model for the adsorption of both AG and MB dyes. This assumes that the enthalpy of dyes molecules decreases with the adsorption on heterogeneous surface with various kinds of adsorption sites and as well as the ability to form multilayers of the dye. Also, intraparticle diffusion was found to play an important role in the adsorption mechanism. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 240.4 mg g−1 of AG at pH 4 and 81.3 mg g−1 of MB at pH 11. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47056.
Multi‐messenger studies of γ‐ray bursts and their cosmic environment
Authors: Pinter S.
Published: September 2018

Recent results of the international High Energy Astronomy Research Team (HEART, a Czech, Japanese, American, and Hungarian collaboration) are presented. Our multi‐messenger investigations revealed the properties of γ‐ray bursts (GRB) and their host environments. We analyzed Fermi measurement data with our ADWO method, which appeared as a handy tool for identifying short and intermediate‐long GRBs, such as GRB170817. By studying the GRBs' spatial distribution, we discovered two of the largest known formations in the Universe: the Giant GRB Ring, and the Hercules‐Corona Borealis Great Wall. We used faar infrared imaging photometry data to resolve the fine structure and composition of the Galactic foreground interstellar medium (ISM) in the direction of GRBs. This resulted in an increase in the precision of calculating the column density of intrinsic ISM at the GRBs in their host galaxies.
Photometric analysis of globular clusters using modified Richardson–Lucy algorithm—comparison with DAOPHOT
Authors: Blazek M. , Pata P.
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we show the comparison tests of a standard DAOPHOT photometric algorithm with new WHIDE method based on Richardson–Lucy deconvolution for the case of globular stellar cluster cores where the overlapping signal from nearby bright stars hides the fainter stars. Tests are performed on the globular clusters M53 ((V−R) color–magnitude diagram) and M92 (astrometric stellar positions).
Testing the nonlinearity of the Moravian Instruments G4‐16000 CCD camera
Authors: Karpov S. , Cunniffe R. , Ebr J. , Janeček P.
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we present the results of characterizing the properties of the Moravian Instruments G4‐16000 CCD cameras, based on the Kodak KAF‐16803 chip. Such cameras are widely used in several robotic telescope projects, as well as by amateurs. We demonstrate both large light response nonlinearity (up to tens of percents) and significant bias level instability of these cameras, and outline possible ways of overcoming these problems.
VZLUSAT‐1: Health monitoring system, preliminary results
Authors: Nentvich O. , Urban M. , Stehlikova V. , Sieger L. , Inneman A.
Published: September 2018

The health monitoring (HM) system placed on VZLUSAT‐1 nondestructively measures the mechanical and thermal properties of the newly developed carbon fiber material for space usage. The carbon material is exposed to the vacuum, radiation, and temperature changes in space. It can be used as a substitute for the currently used aluminum alloys because it has lower mass density and better mechanical properties compared to aluminum. The HM payload evaluates the quality changes of a material according to the difference in Young's modulus. Young's modulus of elasticity is a characteristic property of every solid material, and on VZLUSAT‐1 it is measured in terms of the eigenfrequencies of a free‐hanging beam. In this paper we present the first data measured in orbit – the eigenfrequencies, attenuation, and six temperatures from a carbon fiber panel. Based on these data, the quality of the mechanical properties and time stability are determined over the VZLUSAT‐1's life span.
Analyse des Tragverhaltens eines Deckensystems infolge eines Naturbrandszenarios für den Deckenhohlraum
Authors: Schaumann Peter , Meyer Patrick , Mensinger Martin , Koh Suet Kwan
Published: September 2018

Die brandschutztechnischen Regelungen fordern zusätzlich zum üblichen Feuerwiderstand an ein Deckensystem in Verbundbauweise für die stählerne Tragkonstruktion der Fußbodentragschicht im Deckenhohlraum die Feuerwiderstandsklasse R30. Um diese Feuerwiderstandsklasse zu erreichen, sind bisher Brandschutzmaßnahmen für die Stahlquerschnitte erforderlich. Solche Brandschutzmaßnahmen erschweren die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Deckensystemen in Verbundbauweise. Fraglich ist, ob die vorhandenen Brandlasten im Deckenhohlraum und die Ventilationsverhältnisse überhaupt ein Brandszenario ermöglichen, das mit der Temperaturentwicklung der Einheits‐Temperaturzeitkurve vergleichbar ist. Diese Frage war ein zentrales Thema des Forschungsprojekts P1139. Im Ergebnis wurde ein Naturbrandszenario für den Hohlraum von Deckensystemen entwickelt, welches auf realen Brandlasten und Ventilationsbedingungen basiert. Unter Verwendung dieses Naturbrandszenarios wurden zwei Großbrandversuche mit einem innovativen vorgespannten Verbunddeckensystem durchgeführt, um den Einfluss auf das Tragverhalten bei einer Brandbeanspruchung im Hohlraum des Deckensystems beurteilen zu können.

In diesem Beitrag werden die experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchungen zum Erwärmungs‐ und Tragverhalten des Deckensystems infolge des Naturbrandszenarios für den Hohlraum beschrieben. Zusätzlich zu den experimentellen Untersuchungen wird ein numerisches 3‐D‐Modell in Abaqus erstellt, das mit den Versuchsdaten validiert wird und mit dessen Hilfe die Systemtragwirkung des Deckensystems vertiefend untersucht wird.
Zur Einschätzung der Duktilität von Holztafeln
Authors: Kessel Martin , Anheier David , Sieder Mike
Published: September 2018

Die Modellierung von Holztafelkonstruktionen erfolgt heutzutage üblicherweise mit der Schubfeldträgermethode. Die Anwendung der Schubfeldträgermethode auf Wandtafeln führt dazu, dass bei der Modellbildung nur Konstruktionen oder Bereiche von Konstruktionen berücksichtigt werden, die als ideale Schubfelder ausgebildet sind.

Für Holztafeln ist geläufig, dass sich diese bei scheibenartiger Beanspruchung sehr duktil verhalten, da sie aufgrund des ausgeprägt nichtlinearen Verhaltens des Verbunds von Rippe und Beplankung große Verformungen ertragen können, bevor sie versagen.

In diesem Beitrag wird über Untersuchungen zur Einschätzung der genannten Duktilität berichtet. Im Wesentlichen werden die Unterschiede im Last‐Verformungsverhalten unterschiedlicher Tafelkonfigurationen mithilfe des FE‐Modells von Hall herausgearbeitet.

Der Beitrag zeigt, dass eine ausgeprägte Duktilität nur dann vorhanden ist, wenn es Beanspruchungen senkrecht zu den Plattenrändern gibt. Bei Konstruktionen mit idealen Schubfeldern treten bei ideal‐elastisch‐plastischem Materialverhalten lediglich nahezu konstante Beanspruchungen des Verbunds parallel der Plattenränder auf, sodass sich nur geringe plastische Reserven ergeben. Bei Konstruktionen mit freien Plattenrändern treten hingegen zusätzlich Beanspruchungen des Verbunds senkrecht zu den Plattenrändern auf, die gegenüber dem elastischen Grenzzustand wesentliche plastische Reserven ergeben. Derartige Tafeln verhalten sich daher sehr duktil.
Mortality factors in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A systematic review
Authors: Vieira Rute , Pearse Rachel , Rankin Judith
Published: September 2018

Background

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a malformation of the diaphragm accounting for 8% of all major congenital anomalies. Although many clinical factors of survival in children with CDH have been established, limited research exists on the role of sociodemographic and other factors. We aimed to systematically identify and summarize all available international literature, published from January 2000 to July 2017, evaluating specific mortality factors for children with prenatally diagnosed, isolated, left‐sided CDH.

Methods

MEDLINE, PROSPERO, EMBASE, Scopus, The Cochrane Library databases, and the table of contents for the past 5 years for relevant journals were searched systematically. The risk factors of interest were as follows: birth weight, gestational age (GA) at diagnosis, GA at birth, infant sex, maternal age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and plurality. The primary outcome measure was survival. Data were extracted on study design, study quality, participant data, and survival‐related effect estimates.

Results

Seven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In total, 347 children were included in the review. Birth weight, GA at diagnosis, and GA at birth were evaluated in five studies each, infant sex in two, and maternal age in one. None of these factors were significantly associated with survival. No studies evaluated the influence of plurality, ethnicity or SES.

Conclusion

Although the factors of interest showed no significant association with survival, more evidence is required to confirm these findings. Understanding whether sociodemographic factors are associated with survival may help inform the development of public health interventions to improve survival rates for children with CDH.
Reaktionsharzgebundene Verbunddübel unter Dauerlast
Authors: Kränkel Thomas , Gehlen Christoph
Published: September 2018

Es wird ein rheologisches Modell zur Prognose des Kriechverhaltens von Verbunddübeln vorgestellt. Dieses basiert auf dem Burgers‐Modell, welches modifiziert wurde, um das nichtlinear viskoelastische Deformationsverhalten reaktionsharzgebundener Verbunddübel voraussagen zu können. Das Modell ist in der Lage, neben dem Bereich der Dauerstandfestigkeit auch den Zeitpunkt des Dauerstandversagens zu prognostizieren. Alle Modelleingangsparameter können durch Auszug‐, Kurzzeitkriech‐ und Degradationsversuche am Verbunddübel selbst ermittelt werden, sodass das Modell in der Praxis, z. B. für die Tragfähigkeits‐ oder Lebensdauerbemessung, angewendet werden kann. Es wird dargestellt, wie diese Modelleingangsparameter bestimmt werden können. Durch eine vergleichende Darstellung der Modellprognosen mit dem experimentell bestimmten Dauerstandverhalten wird dargestellt, wie präzise das rheologische Modell das Deformationsverhalten der Verbunddübel in Abhängigkeit von der Belastungsintensität bis in den Bereich des Dauerstandversagens prognostiziert.
Großversuche zur Querkrafttragfähigkeit bestehender Spannbetonbrücken an der Saalebrücke Hammelburg
Authors: Gehrlein Sebastian , Fischer Oliver
Published: September 2018

Aufgrund des zunehmenden Alters des Brückenbestands, steigender Verkehrslasten und veränderter normativer Grundlagen und Bemessungsvorschriften ist die Querkrafttragfähigkeit bestehender Spannbetonbrücken mit geringer Querkraftbewehrung seit Längerem Gegenstand verschiedener Forschungen. Der Lehrstuhl für Massivbau der Technischen Universität München (TUM) konnte im Rahmen eines vom Bundesministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur (BMVI) geförderten Forschungsvorhabens im Jahr 2017 einzigartige in‐situ Querkraftversuche an der 1955 erbauten Saalebrücke Hammelburg durchführen. Speziell bei den vor 1966 erbauten Betonbrücken treten bei systematischen Nachrechnungen hinsichtlich der Querkrafttragfähigkeit in Längsrichtung meist große rechnerische Defizite auf, die oftmals am realen Bauwerk nicht bestätigt werden können. Ziel dieser zerstörenden Untersuchungen an der zum Rückbau vorgesehenen Brücke war es deshalb, das Verhalten von realen Spannbetonbrücken unter Querkraftbeanspruchungen zu untersuchen, um einen Beitrag zu einer wirklichkeitsnäheren Bemessung von älteren Bestandsbrücken zu liefern. In Teil 1 zu den Großversuchen wurden die untersuchte Bestandsbrücke sowie die Konzeption und Durchführung der in‐situ Versuche und die verwendete Messtechnik beschrieben. Im vorliegenden zweiten Teil werden das Messprogramm und die Ergebnisse der experimentellen Untersuchungen dargestellt. Weiterhin werden die Messdaten und die beobachteten Trag‐ und Versagensmechanismen diskutiert und die erreichten maximalen Versuchslasten mit den Ergebnissen verschiedener theoretischer Berechnungsansätze verglichen.
Reverse transduction can improve efficiency of AAV vectors in transduction‐resistant cells
Authors: Lee Esther J. , Robinson Tawana M. , Tabor Jeffrey J. , Mikos Antonios G. , Suh Junghae
Published: September 2018

Reverse transduction, also known as substrate‐mediated gene delivery, is a strategy in which viral vectors are first coated onto a surface that subsequently comes into contact with mammalian cells. The cells internalize the surface‐attached vectors, resulting in transgene expression. We hypothesized that forcing the interaction between cells and adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors through a reverse transduction format would increase in vitro gene delivery efficiencies of the vectors in transduction‐resistant cells. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the gene delivery efficiencies of three AAV serotypes using either standard or reverse transduction approaches. Our study reveals reverse transduction of AAV7 and AAV9 can significantly improve their delivery efficiencies. In contrast, AAV2 does not perform better under the reverse transduction format. Interestingly, increased vector uptake by cells does not provide a complete explanation for the increased transduction efficiency. Our findings offer a simple and practical method for improving transduction outcomes in vitro in cell types less permissive to a particular AAV vector.
Dynamic mass spectrometry probe for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry monitoring of bioreactors for therapeutic cell manufacturing
Authors: Chilmonczyk Mason A. , Kottke Peter A. , Stevens Hazel Y. , Guldberg Robert E. , Fedorov Andrei G.
Published: September 2018

Large‐scale manufacturing of therapeutic cells requires bioreactor technologies with online feedback control enabled by monitoring of secreted biomolecular critical quality attributes (CQAs). Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) is a highly sensitive label‐free method to detect and identify biomolecules, but requires extensive sample preparation before analysis, making online application of ESI‐MS challenging. We present a microfabricated, monolithically integrated device capable of continuous sample collection, treatment, and direct infusion for ESI‐MS detection of biomolecules in high‐salt solutions. The dynamic mass spectrometry probe (DMSP) uses a microfluidic mass exchanger to rapidly condition samples for online MS analysis by removing interfering salts, while concurrently introducing MS signal enhancers to the sample for sensitive biomolecular detection. Exploiting this active conditioning capability increases MS signal intensity and signal‐to‐noise ratio. As a result, sensitivity for low‐concentration biomolecules is significantly improved, and multiple proteins can be detected from chemically complex samples. Thus, the DMSP has significant potential to serve as an enabling portion of a novel analytical tool for discovery and monitoring of CQAs relevant to therapeutic cell manufacturing.
Fed‐batch production of l‐tryptophan from glycerol using recombinant Escherichia coli
Authors: Tröndle Julia , Trachtmann Natalia , Sprenger Georg A. , Weuster‐Botz Dirk
Published: September 2018

l‐tryptophan is an essential amino acid of high industrial interest that is routinely produced by microbial processes from glucose as carbon source. Glycerol is an alternative substrate providing a variety of economic and metabolic advantages. Process performance of the recombinant
l‐tryptophan producer
Escherichia coli NT367 was studied in controlled fed‐batch processes. The chromosome of the recombinant
l‐tryptophan producer was equipped with additional genes coding for enzymes of the aromatic amino acids biosynthetic pathway and
l‐serine biosynthesis, including genes for feedback‐resistant enzyme variants (
trpE
fbr,
aroFBL, and
serA
fbr
), deletions of enzymatic steps for the degradation of precursors or the product
l‐tryptophan (
sdaB and
tnaA), and alterations in the regulation of
l‐tryptophan metabolism (deletion of
trpL and
trpR). The impact of glycerol supply rates as well as the application of a multicopy plasmid (pF112‐
aroFBL
‐kan) were investigated in fully controlled stirred‐tank bioreactors on a 15 L scale. The combination of
E. coli NT367 carrying pF112‐
aroFBL
‐kan and an appropriate biomass‐specific glycerol supply‐rate resulted in the highest final product concentration of 12.5 g L
−1
l‐tryptophan with the lowest concentrations of other aromatic amino acids. Fed‐batch production of
l‐tryptophan from glycerol was shown for the first time with recombinant
E. coli.
The torg ratio of C3–C7 in African Americans and European Americans: A skeletal study
Authors: Ezra David , Slon Viviane , Kedar Einat , Masharawi Youssef , Salame Khalil , Alperovitch‐Najenson Deborah , Hershkovitz Israel
Published: September 2018

The ratio between the sagittal diameter of the spinal canal and the sagittal diameter of the vertebral body, known as the “Torg ratio”, is often used to test for spinal canal narrowing. Here, we investigate this ratio in a large population, consisting of two ethnicities, both sexes and three age groups. Measurements were taken on the dry cervical verterbrae (C3–C7) of 277 individuals using a digital apparatus allowing for the recording of 3D coordinates of a set of landmarks on the vertebral body. Vertebral body and vertebral foramen lengths were compared across the different subgroups. Vertebral body and vertebral foramen lengths differ significantly between males and females and between African Americans and European Americans. With age, the vertebral body length increases while the foramen length does not undergo significant changes. These anatomical differences are reflected in differences in the Torg ratio calculated for the different subgroups. In conclusion, our findings suggest that a hard cutoff on the Torg ratio used to define a pathological narrowing of the cervical spine should be adapted to the population the patients come from. Clin. Anat. 32: 84‐89, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pd Nanoparticles‐Polyethylenemine‐Lipase Bionanohybrids as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Aromatic Alcohols
Authors: O'Brien Pearse , Lopez‐Tejedor David , Benavente Rocio , Palomo Jose M.
Published: September 2018

A new kind of bionanohybrids, synthesized by using 63 kDa‐lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) in the presence of polyethyleneimine (PEI) by in situ formation of Pd (0) nanoparticles (PdNPs) in aqueous media at room temperature were obtained. Addition of Triton X‐100 as additive was also used. XRD confirmed the formation of crystalline Pd (0) as metal species. TEM analyses revealed PdNPs ranging from 6 to 8 nm, whereas using Triton X‐100 the size range of the nanoparticles was 9 to 24 nm (mainly being 13 nm). PdNPs of biohybrid created only with Triton X‐100 ranged from 8 to 21 nm. The different heterogeneous nanobiohybrids were applied as catalyst in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol under mild conditions. In all cases, they were selective to the synthesis of alcohol to benzaldehyde without traces of carboxylic acid. More than >99 % conversion was obtained in THF at 50 °C under air as oxidant. The addition of hydrogen peroxide improved the conversion initially but the reaction was stopped at around 50–68 % conversion after 24 h in the best of cases. These new nanocatalysts synthesized using PEI showed a very high recyclability, maintaining >95 % activity after 5 cycles of use. Also successful results were obtained in the oxidation of other aromatic primary and secondary alcohols. The new PEI‐nanobiohybrids conserved the enzymatic activity and showed excellent results in metallic‐enzymatic domino reaction.
Reversible Photocontrol of DNA Melting by Visible‐Light‐Responsive F4‐Coordinated Azobenzene Compounds
Authors: Dudek Marta , Deiana Marco , Pokladek Ziemowit , Pawlik Krzysztof , Matczyszyn Katarzyna
Published: September 2018

Spatiotemporal control over the regulation of intra‐ and intermolecular motions in naturally occurring systems is systematically studied to expand the toolbox of mechanical operations in multicomponent nanoarchitectures. DNA is ideally suited for programming light‐powered processes that are based on a minimalist molecular design. Here, the noncovalent incorporation of bistable photoswitches into B‐like DNA moieties is shown to trigger the thermal transition midpoint of the duplexes by converting visible light into directed mechanical work by orchestrating the collective actions of the photoresponsive chromophores and the host DNA nanostructures. Besides its practical applications, the resulting hybrid nanosystem bears unique features of modulability, biocompatibility, reversibility, and addressability, which are key components for developing molecular photon‐controlled programmed materials.
Earth‐Abundant Transition‐Metal‐Based Electrocatalysts for Water Electrolysis to Produce Renewable Hydrogen
Authors: Li Ailong , Sun Yimeng , Yao Tingting , Han Hongxian
Published: September 2018

Fundamentals of water electrolysis, and recent research progress and trends in the development of earth‐abundant first‐row transition‐metal (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu)‐based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution (HER) electrocatalysts working in acidic, alkaline, or neutral conditions are reviewed. The HER catalysts include mainly metal chalcogenides, metal phosphides, metal nitrides, and metal carbides. As for the OER catalysts, the basic principles of the OER catalysts in alkaline, acidic, and neutral media are introduced, followed by the review and discussion of the Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, and perovskite‐type OER catalysts developed so far. The different design principles of the OER catalysts in photoelectrocatalysis and photocatalysis systems are also presented. Finally, the future research directions of electrocatalysts for water splitting, and coupling of photovoltaic (PV) panel with a water electrolyzer, so called PV‐E, are given as perspectives.
Carbohydrates and Charges on Oligo(phenylenethynylenes): Towards the Design of Cancer Bullets
Authors: Mancuso Aurora , Barattucci Anna , Bonaccorsi Paola , Giannetto Antonino , La Ganga Giuseppina , Musarra‐Pizzo Maria , Salerno Tania M. G. , Santoro Antonio , Sciortino Maria Teresa , Puntoriero Fausto , Di Pietro Maria Letizia
Published: September 2018

Two new tetralkylammonium‐OPEs, bearing one or two positively charged groups directly linked to the aromatic residues and two β‐d‐glucopyranose terminations, were synthesized. Their peculiar structural features, joining the biologically relevant sugar moieties, flat aromatic cores and positive charges, make these luminescent dyes soluble in aqueous media and able to strongly interact with DNA. As a result of UV/Vis spectral variations, DNA melting temperature measures, viscometric titrations and induced CD, we propose a partial insertion of the OPEs aromatic core into the helix, stabilized by glucose H‐bonding with the groups accessible from the grooves. This interaction leads to the quenching of the OPE luminescence due to guanine reduction. The biocompatibility of the monocationic OPE with healthy and cancer cells, and the reduction of proliferation in HEp‐2 cancer cells induced by the dicationic one, make this class of compounds promising for future biological applications.
Aqueous Assembly of Zwitterionic Daisy Chains
Authors: Aeschi Yves , Drayss‐Orth Sylvie , Valášek Michal , Häussinger Daniel , Mayor Marcel
Published: September 2018

The synthesis and characterization of zwitterionic molecular [c2]‐ and [a2]‐daisy chains are described, relying on recognition of a positively charged cyclophane and a negatively charged oligo(phenylene‐ethynylene) (OPE) rod in aqueous medium. For this purpose, syntheses of an acetylene‐functionalized macrocyclic receptor and a water‐soluble OPE‐rod as the guest component are presented, from which a heteroditopic daisy chain monomer was prepared. This monomer aggregated strongly in water/methanol 4:1 and formed molecular daisy chains, which were isolated as interlocked species from a stoppering reaction at 1 mm concentration. The cyclic dimer [c2] was the main product with an isolated yield of 30 % and consisted of a mixture of diastereomers, as evidenced by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Properties Design: Prediction and Experimental Validation of the Luminescence Properties of a New EuII‐Based Phosphor
Authors: García‐Fuente Amador , Baur Florian , Cimpoesu Fanica , Vega Andrés , Jüstel Thomas , Urland Werner
Published: September 2018

A theoretical model that allows to predict, for the first time, the luminescence properties of a new phosphor (BaSnSi3O9:Eu2+) is presented. The predicted emission wavelength, 488 nm with a 64 nm bandwidth, was confirmed by subsequent experimental work. The method consists in a multi‐electron Hamiltonian parametrized from ab initio calculations. The luminescence properties of other similar compounds (i.e., BaHfSi3O9:Eu2+ and BaZrSi3O9:Eu2+), for which there is already experimental information, were also correctly reproduced.
Molecular genetic alterations in thyroid transcription factor 1–negative lung adenocarcinoma in cytology specimens: A subset with aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis
Authors: Rodriguez Erika F. , VandenBussche Christopher J. , Chowsilpa Sayanan , Maleki Zahra
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Patients with thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1)–negative pulmonary adenocarcinoma (ADC) have been reported to have a worse prognosis and to lack epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. This study describes a series of cytology specimens from patients with clinically confirmed pulmonary carcinoma negative for TTF1.

METHODS

A search for TTF1‐negative ADC from 2010 to 2017 was performed. Each patient’s clinical history, pathology specimens, and molecular results were noted. Two hundred ten patients with TTF1‐positive pulmonary ADC formed the control group.

RESULTS

Fifty specimens were identified from 50 patients (26 females and 24 males). The median age was 58.5 years. The smoking history was as follows: 38 smokers/former smokers (76%), 10 nonsmokers (20%), and 2 patients with an unknown status (4%). Thirty‐nine patients (78%) had no previous history of malignancy. The clinical stages were as follows: stage I or II (n = 2 [4%]), stage III (n = 9 [18%]), stage IV (n = 37 [74%]), and unknown (n = 2 [4%]). Patients’ mean survival was 10.3 months. Molecular results were available in 43 cases. Twenty‐seven cases (63%) had no mutation identified; when they were compared with the control group, TTF1‐negative patients had overall shorter survival (P = .0047), even though no statistically significant difference was seen on the clinical stage. Known mutations were less frequent (P = .0095) in TTF‐negative tumors (KRAS mutations, n = 11 [25%]; anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ALK], n = 3 [7%]; and EGFR, n = 2 [5%]). This was particularly true for EGFR mutations (P = .047). However, ALK rearrangements were present at an increased frequency in the TTF1‐negative group (P = .018).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with TTF1‐negative lung ADC have worse overall survival, a lower frequency of known mutations, and a higher frequency of ALK alterations.
How much colour science is not too much?
Authors: Hirschler Robert , Csillag Paula , Manyé Pablo , Neder Mônica
Published: September 2018

The authors of this article (a chemical engineer, a designer, a visual artist, and an architect/designer) present their proposal for the main topics of a colour science course aimed at nonscientists. With examples taken from their own respective teaching practice, they describe and discuss the main topics they consider important to be included in the curriculum of future visual artists, designers, and architects. They also sample over a dozen text books written for this public audience and point out some of the most striking examples of misconceptions to be found in these.
Modeling and analysis of the performance of exascale photonic networks
Authors: Duro José , Pascual Jose A. , Petit Salvador , Sahuquillo Julio , Gómez María E.
Published: September 2018

Photonics technology has become a promising and viable alternative for both on‐chip and off‐chip interconnection networks of future Exascale systems. Nevertheless, this technology is not mature enough yet in this context, so research efforts focusing on photonic networks are still required to achieve realistic suitable network implementations. In this regard, system‐level photonic network simulators can help guide designers to assess the multiple design choices. Most current research is done on electrical network simulators, whose components work widely different from photonics components. In this work, we summarize and compare the working behavior of both technologies which includes the use of optical routers, wavelength‐division multiplexing and circuit switching among others. After implementing them into a well‐known simulation framework, an extensive simulation study has been carried out using realistic photonic network configurations with synthetic and realistic traffic. Experimental results show that, compared to electrical networks, optical networks can reduce the execution time of the studied real workloads in almost one order of magnitude. Our study also reveals that the photonic configuration highly impacts on the network performance, being the bandwidth per channel and the message length the most important parameters.
Fuzzy clustering recognition algorithm of medical image with multi‐resolution feature
Authors: Bo Wang , Ying Wang , Lijie Cui
Published: September 2018

Most current medical images are collected in the presence of interference by ignored interferences such as illumination, occlusion, etc. The recognition rate is low for multi‐resolution images in the case of color distortion. Therefore, a novel fuzzy clustering recognition algorithm of multi‐resolution medical image was proposed in this paper. First, medical images were analyzed from both acquisition time, shooting angle, resolution, natural light measurement, and background. Secondly, in order to avoid partial occlusion, region was recalculated by correlation between Fourier and Merlin transform. Moreover, Euclidean distance between samples were identified by standardized eigenvalues, where smallest distance obtained maximum degree of membership. Experiment results showed that the proposed method had higher recognition rate (accuracy 90.46% and sensitiveness 97.89%) and stronger anti‐interference than current methods.
Polyanionic Polydentate Europium Complexes as Ultrabright One‐ or Two‐photon Bioprobes
Authors: Sund Henri , Liao Yuan‐Yuan , Andraud Chantal , Duperray Alain , Grichine Alexei , Le Guennic Boris , Riobé François , Takalo Harri , Maury Olivier
Published: September 2018

A family of europium (III) complexes based on a polydentate ligand functionalized by charge‐transfer antennae presents remarkable one‐ and two‐photon photophysical proper‐ties in water or buffer. A detailed analysis of their emission properties suggests that the wrapping of the ligand around the central rare‐earth ion results in an overall Cs symmetry in agreement with the theoretical simulation and that about 65–70 % of the emission intensity is concentrated in the hypersensitive 5D0→7F2 transition at 615 nm. Their brightness is excellent, in the range of the best lanthanide bioprobes making them very attractive for bio‐imaging experiments.
Iridium α‐Carboxyimine Complexes Hyperpolarized with para‐Hydrogen Exist in Nuclear Singlet States before Conversion into Iridium Carbonates
Authors: Tickner Ben. J. , Iali Wissam , Roy Soumya S. , Whitwood Adrian C. , Duckett Simon B.
Published: September 2018

The formation and hyperpolarization of an [Ir(H)2(amine)(IMes)(η2‐imine)]Cl complex that can be created in a hyperpolarized nuclear singlet state is reported. These complexes are formed when an equilibrium mixture of pyruvate, amine (benzylamine or phenylethylamine), and the corresponding imine condensation product, react with preformed [Ir(H)2(amine)3(IMes)]Cl. These iridium α‐carboxyimine complexes exist as two regioisomers differentiated by the position of amine. When examined with para‐hydrogen the hydride resonances of the isomer with amine trans to hydride become strongly hyperpolarized. The initial hydride singlet states readily transfer to the corresponding 13C2 state in the labelled imine and exhibit magnetic state lifetimes of up to 11 seconds. Their 13C signals have been detected with up to 420 fold signal gains at 9.4 T. On a longer timescale, and in the absence of H2, further reaction leads to the formation of neutral carbonate containing [Ir(amine)(η2‐CO3)(IMes)(η2‐imine)]. Complexes are characterized by, IR, MS, NMR and X‐ray diffraction.
Explaining variability in therapist adherence and patient depressive symptom improvement: The role of therapist interpersonal skills and patient engagement
Authors: Snippe Evelien , Schroevers Maya J. , Tovote K. Annika , Sanderman Robbert , Emmelkamp Paul M.G. , Fleer Joke
Published: September 2018

Understanding why therapists deviate from a treatment manual is crucial to interpret the mixed findings on the adherence–outcome association. The current study aims to examine whether therapists' interpersonal behaviours and patients' active engagement predict treatment outcome and therapist adherence in cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for depressive symptoms. In addition, the study explores rater's explanations for therapist nonadherence at sessions in which therapist adherence was low. Study participants were 61 patients with diabetes and depressive symptoms who were randomized to either CBT or MBCT. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory‐II. Therapist adherence, therapist interpersonal skills (i.e., empathy, warmth, and involvement), patients' active engagement, and reasons for nonadherence were assessed by two independent raters (based on digital video recordings). Therapist adherence, therapists' interpersonal skills, and patients' active engagement did not predict posttreatment depressive symptom reduction. Patients' active engagement was positively associated with therapist adherence in CBT and in MBCT. This indicates that adherence may be hampered when patients are not actively engaged in treatment. Observed reasons for nonadherence mostly covered responses to patient's in‐session behaviour. The variety of reasons for therapist nonadherence might explain why therapist adherence was not associated with outcomes of CBT and MBCT.
LLC resonant converter utilizing a step‐gap transformer structure for holdup time improvement
Authors: Lin Jing‐Yuan , Lee Sih‐Yi , Yueh Hsuan‐Yu
Published: September 2018

This letter presents a current‐controlled variable magnetizing inductance of transformer for further improving the holdup time on half‐bridge LLC converter. When the input voltage is failed, the magnetizing inductance of transformer can be decreased sharply; therefore, the LLC converter holdup time can be improved without adding additional auxiliary circuit. The mathematic model between magnetizing inductance and step‐gap structure of transformer is proposed, and the benefit effects using this step‐gap structure of transformer have been verified in this letter. Finally, a 180‐W, LLC converter utilizing step‐gap structure of transformer has been achieved, and detailed analysis and design of the proposed step‐gap structure are described.
Omentin‐regulated proteins combine a pro‐inflammatory phenotype with an anti‐inflammatory counterregulation in human adipocytes: A proteomics analysis
Authors: Niersmann Corinna , Hauck Stefanie M. , Kannenberg Julia M. , Röhrig Karin , von Toerne Christine , Roden Michael , Herder Christian , Carstensen‐Kirberg Maren
Published: September 2018

Aims

Experimental and epidemiological studies reported controversial data on the role of omentin in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to characterise the impact of omentin on the secretome of human adipocytes to analyse the enrichment of these proteins in metabolic and cellular signalling pathways underlying its physiological function.

Material/methods

Differentiated primary human adipocytes were treated without or with 500 or 2000 ng/mL omentin for 24 hours. The secretome was analysed by liquid chromatography coupled tandem‐mass spectrometry. Differences in protein secretion between untreated and omentin‐treated adipocytes were compared using a paired t‐test. Other potential upstream regulators and the overrepresentation in canonical pathways of omentin‐stimulated proteins were analysed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis.

Results

The supernatant of adipocytes contained 3493 proteins, of which 140 were differentially secreted by both concentrations of omentin compared with untreated adipocytes. Among the most strongly increased proteins, tumour necrosis factor‐inducible gene 6 protein (TNFAIP6) was increased by 140‐fold in the supernatant. Omentin‐regulated proteins were overrepresented in seven canonical pathways including eukaryotic initiation factor 2 signalling, complement system, and inhibition of matrix metalloproteases. We further identified 25 other potential upstream activators of omentin‐regulated proteins, mainly pro‐inflammatory cytokines and transcription regulators including NFκB.

Conclusions

In differentiated human adipocytes, the release of the anti‐inflammatory TNFAIP6 might be part of a counterregulatory response to the pro‐inflammatory action of omentin. Omentin‐regulated proteins were overrepresented in pathways indicating cellular stress, a pro‐inflammatory environment and a crosstalk with other organs. Other potential activators of omentin‐regulated proteins point towards a central role of NFκB activation in the omentin‐induced secretory process.
Endochondral ossification in hindlimbs during bufo gargarizans metamorphosis: A model of studying skeletal development in vertebrates
Authors: Gao Jinshu , Li Xinyi , Zhang Yuhui , Wang Hongyuan
Published: September 2018

Background Endochondral ossification, the process by which most of the skeleton is formed, is accurately regulated by many specific groups of molecules and extracellular matrix components. The molecular mechanisms of endochondral ossification have been extensively investigated in mammals. However, there are few studies about it in amphibians. Results Ossification of femur and tibiofibula was observed at Gs 40, and tarsals and metatarsals were ossified at Gs 42. Most of the skeletons in hindlimbs were completely ossified except for articular cartilages at Gs 46. Thirty‐two genes related to endochondral ossification were found in the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) library of hindlimbs, and nine of these genes were validated by qRT‐PCR during metamorphosis. Sox9 was expressed in the columnar, prehypertrophic, and upper hypertrophic zones, and the expression of Ihh was observed in prehypertrophic chondrocyte zone in hindlimbs of B. gargarizans. Conclusions The ossification of hindlimbs increased gradually, and the ossification sequence was from proximal to distal in B. gargarizans during metamorphosis. Thirty‐two genes found in the DEGs library were related to the regulation of endochondral ossification of hindlimbs in amphibians. The present study will provide a valuable genomic resource for the future study of endochondral ossification in amphibian. Developmental Dynamics 247:1121‐1134, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of collector type on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of polycaprolactone/gelatin/nano‐hydroxyapatite electrospun scaffold
Authors: Sattary Mansoureh , Rafienia Mohammad , Khorasani Mohammad Taghi , Salehi Hossein
Published: September 2018

Electrospinning is considered a powerful method for the production of fibers in the nanoscale size. Small pore size results in poor cell infiltration, cell migration inhibition into scaffold pores and low oxygen diffusion. Electrospun polycaprolactone/gelatin/nano‐hydroxyapatite (PCL/Gel/nHA) scaffolds were deposited into two types of fiber collectors (novel rotating disc and plate) to study fiber morphology, chemical, mechanical, hydrophilic, and biodegradation properties between each other. The proliferation and differentiation of MG‐63 cells into the bone phenotype were determined using MTT method, alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The rates for disc rotation were 50 and 100 rpm. The pore size measurement results indicated that the fibers produced by the disc rotation collector with speed rate 50 rpm have larger pores as compared to fibers produced by disc rotation at 100 rpm and flat plate collectors. A randomly structure with controlled pore size (38.65 ±0.33 μm) and lower fiber density, as compared to fibers collected by disc rotation with speed rate 100 rpm and flat plate collectors, was obtained. Fibers collected on the rotating disc with speed rate 50 rpm, were more hydrophilic due to larger pore size and therefore, faster infiltration of water into the scaffold and the rate of degradation was higher. These results demonstrate that PCL/Gel/nHA scaffolds made through a rotating disc collector at 50 rpm are more feasible to be used in bone tissue engineering applications due to appropriate pore size and increased adhesion and proliferation of cells, ALP activity and mineral deposits. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 933–950, 2019.
Synthesis and characterization of a bifunctional nanomagnetic solid acid catalyst (Fe3O4@CeO2/SO42−) and investigation of its efficiency in the protection process of alcohols and phenols via hexamethyldisilazane under solvent‐free conditions
Authors: Mohammadiyan Esmaeel , Ghafuri Hossein , Kakanejadifard Ali
Published: September 2018

In this research, Fe3O4@CeO2 (FC) was synthesized using the coprecipitation method and functionalized by an ammonium sulfate solution to achieve a heterogeneous solid acid Fe3O4@CeO2/SO42− (FCA) catalyst. The synthesized bifunctional catalyst was used in the protection process of alcohols and phenols using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) at ambient temperature under solvent‐free conditions. Due to its excellent magnetic properties, FCA can easily be separated from the reaction mixture and reused several times without significant loss in its catalytic activity. Excellent yield and selectivity, simple separation, low cost, and high recyclability of the nanocatalyst are outstanding advantages of this procedure. The characterization was carried out using different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM).
Detection of acetaminophen using cyclic voltammetry on MnFe2O4/polyaniline
Authors: Luk Hsiang‐Ning , Peng Hsin‐Yuan , Han Yan‐Wei , Lin Che‐Kuan , Lin Wang‐De , Wu Ren‐Jang
Published: September 2018

A novel sensing material, MnFe2O4/polyaniline (PANI), was fabricated by doping PANI to MnFe2O4 on a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). This sensing material was characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM). Using a cyclic voltammetry electrochemical‐sensing method, we tested MnFe2O4/PANI, and an acetaminophen concentration of 0.0625–5 mM was recorded. Furthermore, the sensor responses were 2.05–22.44. The detection limit was 2.23 × 10−7 M. Strong selectivity was observed for MnFe2O4/PANI, which is a possible sensing mechanism.
Fitting psychotherapy to patient coping style: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Beutler Larry E. , Kimpara Satoko , Edwards Christopher J. , Miller Kimberley D.
Published: September 2018

Over the course of 60 years of research, several personality traits have emerged as potential predictors of differential change in psychotherapy. Among them is the patient's coping style (CS), commonly distinguished between those who deal with change by looking inwardly (internalization) and those who deal with it outwardly (externalization). This study provides definitions of CSs, clinical examples, and frequent measures. We update a 2011 meta‐analytic review that revealed a consistent interaction between CSs and treatment focus—symptom focus versus insight focus. The current meta‐analysis of 18 studies revealed a medium to large effect (d = 0.60) and suggested that a symptom focus proves more effective for externalizing patient whereas an insight focus is generally more effective for internalizers. The article concludes with limitations of the research, diversity considerations, and therapeutic practices based on the meta‐analytic results.
Consulting the Past: Integrating Historians into History‐Based Leadership Studies
Authors: Gutmann Martin R.
Published: September 2018

Historical figures have long served as case studies for leadership lessons. The current article argues that authors of such works—whether leadership academics or popular writers—can neglect to consult the findings of professional historians and thus fail to contextualize their historical subjects appropriately. The current article highlights this phenomenon through an examination of two of the most popular historical leaders: Ernest Shackleton and Erwin Rommel.