bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Os fundamentos de uma Pedagogia Social Crítica
Authors: Ryynänen Sanna
Published: April 2015

A construção e o desenvolvimento da pedagogia social tem sido atribuído a três perspectivas meta-teóricas: positivista ou técnica, hermenêutica ou interpretativa e critica ou emancipadora, cada uma com a sua própria história de reflexão teórica e, como tal, as suas próprias características enquanto uma prática educacional e social. No artigo, procuramos esclarecer os fundamentos de pedagogia social crítica analisando as suas variadas raízes, com o objetivo de entender melhor o seu significado no Século XXI. Na discussão, abordamos o reformismo social do final do Século XIX; a teoria crítica da Escola de Frankfurt; a virada crítica da pedagogia social na Alemanha depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial; e a pedagogia da libertação dos anos 1960 na América Latina. Entendemos esses assuntos como componentes que têm contribuído na construção da abordagem que denominamos de pedagogia social critica, e concluímos que a sua essência é esta: a pedagogia social crítica carrega fundamentos políticos e ideológicos que lhe orienta para a transformação social rumo a uma sociedade mais justa e mais igualitária, com os processos educacionais dialógicos e anti-hierárquicos que se baseiam nos ideais do encontro entre os sujeitos iguais e da reflexão crítica.
As orientações para o ensino de matemática nos Relatórios das Delegacias Regionais de São Paulo, período de 1930 a 1940
Authors: Silva Martha Raíssa Iane Santana
Published: April 2015

No presente trabalho analisamos as orientações contidas nos relatórios das delegacias regionais de ensino, para o ensino de matemática. Tais relatórios foram produzidos em tempos nos quais o modelo de escola paulista se organizou e se comprometeu em dar visibilidade às práticas que deveriam constituir referência para as demais escolas do país, possibilitando, assim, a imitabilidade, ao mesmo tempo que produziam mecanismos que garantissem a vigilância dessas práticas, e de todos os aspectos que deveriam compor a escola ideal. As análises empreendidas referem-se a questões de metodologia, concepção de ensino e de formação de professores, observa-se uma centralidade concedida à matéria de Aritmética, e a existência de mecanismos acionados para o enfrentamento de problemas pela crescente reprovação nessa matéria, condicionando, assim, a organização de currículos, concepção de ensino, exames, etc.
The Provision of Visitable Housing in Australia: Down to the Detail
Authors: Ward Margaret , Franz Jill
Published: April 2015

In response to the ratification of the United Nations Convention of the Rights of People with Disabilities (CRPD), Australian housing industry leaders, supported by the Australian Government, committed to transform their practices voluntarily through the adoption of a national guideline, called Livable Housing Design. They set a target in 2010 that all new housing would be visitable by 2020. Research in this area suggests that the anticipated voluntary transformation is unrealistic and that mandatory regulation will be necessary for any lasting transformation to occur. It also suggests that the assumptions underpinning the Livable Housing Design agreement are unfounded. This paper reports on a study that problematised these assumptions. The study used eleven newly-constructed dwellings in three housing contexts in Brisbane, Australia. It sought to understand the logics-of-practice in providing, and not providing, visitable housing. By examining the specific details that make a dwelling visitable, and interpreting the accounts of builders, designers and developers, the study identified three logics-of-practice which challenged the assumptions underpinning the Livable Housing Design agreement: focus on the point of sale; an aversion to change and deference to external regulators on matters of social inclusion. These were evident in all housing contexts indicating a dominant industry culture regardless of housing context or policy intention. The paper suggests that financial incentives for both the builder and the buyer, demonstration by industry leaders and, ultimately, national regulation is a possible pathway for the Livable Housing Design agreement to reach the 2020 goal. The paper concludes that the Australian Government has three options: to ignore its obligations under the CRPD; to revisit the Livable Housing Design agreement in the hope that it works; or to regulate the housing industry through the National Construction Code to ensure the 2020 target is reached.
Reconceptualizing the “Publicness” of Public Housing: The Case of Brussels
Authors: Aernouts Nele , Ryckewaert Michael
Published: April 2015

This article brings together various spatial and political theorizations on the commons as a broader project to understand multiple dimensions of the inclusive nature of public housing. By picking up theorizations on the commons, the article feeds the debate on the loss of “publicness” of public housing and removes attention from what is seen as a state related business. Four core-dimensions are identified: ownership, participation, community activity and physical configuration. The article takes a sample of public housing estates in the Brussels capital region as case studies to test the capacity of this framework to detect the degree of “publicness” of various forms of public housing. The preliminary results—based on this limited sample of cases studied through interviews with privileged informers and a literature study—suggest that approaches where individual households are actively involved in the organization of the dwelling environment work best to compensate for the loss of “publicness” that has occurred since the decline of the welfare state. In that respect, these approaches tie in with some early predecessors of “public” housing, mainly cooperatively organized garden city developments. Further in-depth case study research should shed more light on the validity of this hypothesis, as well as on the precise mechanisms and features that determine this regained “publicness”.
PROBLEMS OF FUNCTIONAL APPROACH IN MODERN DESIGN CULTURE
Authors: TABAEVA E. V
Published: April 2015

The problems arising from the dominance of the functional approach to architecture and design engineering are viewed. The views of contemporary architects and designers on the issue are analysed. Arts ignoring as one of the causes of the crisis of project culture is presented.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AERATORS FOR WASTEWATER PURIFICATION AND UNIFIED AERATION CRITERIA
Authors: SERPOKRYLOV N. S , SMOLYaNIChENKO A. S , LESNIKOV I. I
Published: April 2015

The article shows that it is only reasonable to compare and choose aerators for biological wastewater purification using a set of unified aeration criteria, based on oxygen mass transfer coefficient, oxidizing capacity and aeration efficiency.
ANALYSIS OF CONDITION AND PERSPECTIVES OF INTEGRATED USE OF PONDS OF SAMARA
Authors: SELIVERSTOV V. A , ShABANOV V. A , ShABANOVA A. V
Published: April 2015

Water objects form an essential part of the city. The functions of Samara ponds are analyzed (ecological, recreational, etc.). Dynamics of the process of drying up of ponds is studied. The prospects of use of ponds of Samara for the purposes of fire suppression with use of methods of fuzzy sets are evaluated.
RESOURCE SAVING TECHNOLOGY OF POURING OF MASSIVE FOUNDATION SLAB
Authors: DOLADOV Yu. I. , DOLADOVA I. P
Published: April 2015

The article is devoted to massive foundation slab concrete pouring technology in civil housing construction. With this technology equal strength is provided at the whole mas-
PROBLEMS OF HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS CLASSIFICATION
Authors: GENERALOV V. P , GENERALOVA E. M
Published: April 2015

Intensive construction of high-rise buildings and complexes requires a typological systematization and their distinctive classification both according to their function and to their altitude. The authors suggest that a separate classification according to altitude should be introduced for residential buildings and multifunctional residential complexes as well as for high-rise buildings for public use including high-rise multifunctional buildings.
Predators drive community structure in coral reef fish assemblages
Authors: Boaden A. E. , Kingsford M. .J
Published: April 2015

The importance of top‐down effects in structuring ecological communities has been widely debated by ecologists. One way in which to examine these processes is to study the secondary effects of predator removal on communities. This study examined the role of predatory fishes in structuring communities of coral reef fishes, by using a network of marine reserves (the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park) as a natural experiment. We hypothesized that reefs with high densities of piscivores (marine reserves) would have distinct fish communities from those where piscivores have been depleted through fishing, due to variation in predation pressure. We predicted that predator depletion would result in “prey release”, and a corresponding increase in prey densities along a gradient of fishing intensity, causing a change in the community composition of reef fishes. To address this, fish counts and habitat surveys were conducted at four locations on the Great Barrier Reef. At each location, comparisons were made amongst three marine park zones that varied in their exposure to fishing practices; no‐ take marine reserves, limited fishing areas, and open fishing areas.

The density and biomass of predators varied consistently among zones at each location. Furthermore, we found strong evidence for prey release at all four locations, resulting in distinct fish assemblages amongst zones. Reefs open to fishing had much lower densities of piscivores, and higher densities of prey and herbivorous fishes compared to marine reserves. This broad pattern was consistent amongst locations, and persisted at the level of species, trophic groups, families and communities. Habitat characteristics did not vary significantly amongst zones in a consistent manner amongst locations. Although habitat relationships were strong for specialist species such as butterflyfishes, densities of predators were stronger predictors of prey density for most species, and the trophic composition of reef fish communities differed significantly amongst zones at all locations. Results from this study support the concept that top‐down effects can be strong divers of prey populations and influence community structure in highly diverse systems. These data emphasize the vital role of predators, and reinforce the importance of preserving and restoring top‐down trophic interactions in ecological systems.
Estimating ecological production from biomass
Authors: Jenkins David G.
Published: April 2015

Productivity‐diversity relationships (P/D) are a vital theme in ecology, but productivity is typically not measured directly in that research. Instead, biomass (B) is the most common proxy for productivity, often as a 1:1 substitute. Unfortunately, this practice may cause error and uncertainty in P/D research, due to the fundamental difference between B and P and variable P/B ratios among and within systems. As a result, P/D research often measures a B/D relationship but interprets it as P/D. Fortunately, plausible, statistically legitimate and predictive P/B relationships can be found with careful analyses based on model selection of alternative allometric scaling equations and tests of model assumptions. Analyses are presented here for P/B relationships of 19 data sets, ranging from plant and animal populations and assemblages to ecosystems and biomes, representing over 2,300 analyzed P/B data. Models included standardized major regression (SMA) and ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions. Simple linear 1:1 P/B relationships are never supported. Instead, logP‐logB transformed data, consistent with allometric scaling approaches, are far more common as the most plausible, statistically legitimate and predictive models. Given these relationships, many P/D studies with only B data may now better estimate P with SMA models, while studies with P and B data in some plots may estimate P in parallel plots with B and D data by using OLS models. Two grassland examples are re‐analyzed to evaluate the importance of this approach to P/D research when B was used as a proxy for P; in one case, P had been underestimated by 20%; in the other case, P had been overestimated by 20%. The difference is related to underlying sampling methods and obtained data. The approach presented here may help productivity‐diversity research resolve some uncertainty to better understand effects of ecological diversity on biomass production.
Ciprofloxacin-Induced Extensor Tendon Rupture in the Hand
Authors: DeWolf Matthew C. , Warhold Lance G.
Published: April 2015

Case:

An eighty-one-year-old man had begun taking ciprofloxacin one week prior to the sudden inability to extend the metacarpophalangeal joint of the ring finger of the dominant right hand. He presented to us three months after he initially noticed this finding.

Conclusion:

Ciprofloxacin-induced tendon rupture appears to be possible in the extensor digitorum communis tendons of the hand. Our patient was managed operatively and had a good functional outcome.
Trephine Use During Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty Resulting in Diaphyseal Osteonecrosis and Stress Fracture
Authors: Conrad David N. , Dennis Douglas A.
Published: April 2015

Case:

A fifty-three-year-old woman presented with a fracture of an extensively porous-coated femoral component. Revision was performed with use of trephine reamers to remove the distal portion of the stem. Despite radiographs that showed an acceptable position of the revision stem, she experienced substantial thigh pain at four months postoperatively, which persisted at twelve months. A technetium-99m bone scan demonstrated a 5-cm photopenic region, suggestive of thermal osteonecrosis. Two months later, there was evidence of callus formation, which is consistent with a stress fracture. The fracture was treated with protected weight-bearing; it healed with nonoperative management and resolution of the pain.

Conclusion:

A diaphyseal stress fracture secondary to thermal osteonecrosis associated with trephine use developed after removal of a broken femoral component; it healed without surgical intervention.
Optimization Design and Experimental Study of Two‐Phase Integrated Sludge Thickening and Digestion Reactor
Authors: Hu Xuebin , Luo Kun , Wang Jianai , Wu Zhengsong , Liang Yanjie , Ling Jianjun
Published: April 2015

In this study, FLUENT software was used to simulate the flow regime of an integrated sludge thickening and digestion reactor. To optimize the flow regime, the combinational effect of key parameters of the reactor structure was investigated with an L16 (45) orthogonal test. The reactor was then redesigned based on the optimization results, and a series of experiments was conducted to study the treatment effect with sludge dosage rates of 12, 18, 24, and 30%. The operation results showed that the reactor obtained the best treatment efficiency when the sludge dosage rate was 24%. At this dosage, the water content of the sludge decreased from 99.1% to 91.8%, with organic matter content (volatile solids [VS]/total solids) decreasing to 21.2% and average gas production (CH4 62.66%, CO2 11.56%, N2 23.91%, O2 1.59%) reaching 231.3 L/kg VS. Therefore, the results implied that the optimized reactor has good effects on sludge thickening and digestion.
Estimation of Contaminant Loads from the Sacramento‐San Joaquin River Delta to San Francisco Bay
Authors: David N. , Gluchowski D. C. , Leatherbarrow J. E. , Yee D. , McKee L. J.
Published: April 2015

Contaminant concentrations from the Sacramento‐San Joaquin River watershed were determined in water samples mainly during flood flows in an ongoing effort to describe contaminant loads entering San Francisco Bay, CA, USA. Calculated PCB and total mercury loads during the 6‐year observation period ranged between 3.9 and 19 kg/yr and 61 and 410 kg/yr, respectively. Long‐term average PCB loads were estimated at 7.7 kg/yr and total mercury loads were estimated at 200 kg/yr. Also monitored were PAHs, PBDEs (two years of data), and dioxins/furans (one year of data) with average loads of 392, 11, and 0.15/0.014 (OCDD/OCDF) kg/yr, respectively. Organochlorine pesticide loads were estimated at 9.9 kg/yr (DDT), 1.6 kg/yr (chlordane), and 2.2 kg/yr (dieldrin). Selenium loads were estimated at 16 300 kg/yr. With the exception of selenium, all average contaminant loads described in the present study were close to or below regulatory load allocations established for North San Francisco Bay.
Zero-term rank inequalities and their extreme preservers
Authors: Song Seok-Zun , Heo Seong-Hee
Published: April 2015

The zero-term rank of a matrix A over a semiring S is the least number of
lines (rows or columns) needed to include all the zero entries in A. In this
paper, we characterize linear operators that preserve the sets of matrix
ordered pairs which satisfy extremal properties with respect to zero-term
rank inequalities of matrices over nonbinary Boolean algebras.
Fuzzy posets with fuzzy order applied to fuzzy ordered groups
Authors: Seselja Branimir , Tepavcevic Andreja , Udovicic Mirna
Published: April 2015

In the framework of lattice valued structures we investigate fuzzy sub-posets
of a given poset, in which the underlying set ornand the order are fuzzy and
the reflexivity is specially defined. We introduce and investigate particular
fuzzy sub-posets, e.g, fuzzy up-sets and down-sets, fuzzy convex sub-posets,
fuzzy intervals etc. We describe the structure of the lattice of all fuzzy
orders contained in a given crisp ordering. Then we apply these in defining a
fuzzy ordered subgroup of an ordered group. Main features of fuzzy ordered
subgroups are introduced and investigated like fuzzy positive and negative
cone and fuzzy convex subgroups.
Groups with the same set of orders of maximal abelian subgroups
Authors: Ahanjideh Neda , Iranmanesh Ali
Published: April 2015

Let n > 3 be an even number. In this paper, we show how the orders of maximal
abelian subgroups of the finite group G can influence on the structure of G.
More precisely, we show that if for a finite group G,M(G) = M(Bn(q)), then
G ? Bn(q). Note that M(G) is the set of orders of maximal abelian subgroups
of G. Let ?(G) denote the non-commuting graph of G. As a consequence of our
result, we show that if G is a finite group with ?(G) ? (Bn(q)), then G ? Bn(q).
A new variation of Weyl type theorems and perturbations
Authors: Shen Junli , Chen Alatancang
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we introduce the new property (aR), which extends property (R)
introduced by Aiena and his collaborators. We investigate the property (aR)
in connection with Weyl type theorems, and establish sufficient and necessary
conditions for which property (aR) holds. We also study the stability of
property (aR) under perturbations by finite rank operators, by nilpotent
operators, by quasi-nilpotent operators and by algebraic operators commuting
with T.
Intrauterine Tuberculosis Manifesting as Acute Chorioamnionitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Taweevisit Mana , Nisagornsen Charuwan , Thorner Paul Scott
Published: April 2015

Congenital tuberculosis involving the placenta is an infrequent diagnosis, and the typical features of tuberculous placentitis involve a granulomatous reaction, reflecting a delayed hypersensitivity immune response in the host. However, the first reaction of the placenta to organisms hematogenously transmitted from the maternal circulation typically involves the innate immune response, manifesting as an acute neutrophilic villitis or intervillositis or both. This acute pattern of response to mycobacteria has only been documented rarely. We present a case of acute mycobacterial infection occurring in a preterm female with 28-weeks gestation, who was delivered by cesarean section because of fetal distress and who was subsequently confirmed to have congenital tuberculosis. The placenta showed an acute chorioamnionitis associated with acid-fast bacilli consistent with Mycobacteria tuberculosis. The mother was found to have a necrotizing granulomatous deciduitis, and that was postulated to have resulted in the direct spread of mycobacteria to the amniotic cavity. Thus, our case extends the acute placental response to mycobacteria to include chorioamnionitis. Although extremely rare, mycobacteria should be considered in the differential diagnosis of infectious agents causing acute chorioamnionitis, especially in geographic areas where tuberculosis is more prevalent.
Absorbance response of graphene oxide coated on tapered multimode optical fiber towards liquid ethanol
Authors: Girei S. H. , Shabaneh A. A. , Lim H. M. , Huang N. M. , Mahdi M. A. , Yaacob M. H.
Published: April 2015

The investigation of graphene oxide (GO) for sensing applications is attractive due to its nanoscale structure and its sensing properties has yet to be fully understood. In this paper, optical response of GO coated optical fiber sensor towards ethanol is described. GO was coated onto a multimode tapered optical fiber by drop-casting technique. The coated fiber was exposed to 5–40% of ethanol in water. The films were characterized with field emission scanning electron microscope, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The sensing is based on changes following the absorbance of the GO coated optical fiber upon exposure to ethanol. The developed sensor shows fast response and recovery with duration of 22 and 20 s, respectively. The sensor also displays high repeatability and reversibility.
Effect of Different Omega-6/Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratios on the Formation of Monohydroxylated Fatty Acids in THP-1 Derived Macrophages
Authors: Keeren Kathrin , Huang Dan , Smyl Christopher , Fischer Andreas , Rothe Michael , Weylandt Karsten-H.
Published: April 2015

Omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 and n-3 PUFA) can modulate inflammatory processes. In western diets, the content of n-6 PUFA is much higher than that of n-3 PUFA, which has been suggested to promote a pro-inflammatory phenotype. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of modulating the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio on the formation of monohydroxylated fatty acid (HO-FAs) derived from the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA) and the n-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in THP-1 macrophages by means of LC-MS. Lipid metabolites were measured in THP-1 macrophage cell pellets. The concentration of AA-derived hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) was not significantly changed when incubated THP-1 macrophages in a high AA/(EPA+DHA) ratio of 19/1 vs. a low ratio AA/(EPA+DHA) of 1/1 (950.6 ± 110 ng/mg vs. 648.2 ± 92.4 ng/mg, p = 0.103). Correspondingly, the concentration of EPA-derived hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids (HEPEs) and DHA-derived hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids (HDHAs) were significantly increased (63.9 ± 7.8 ng/mg vs. 434.4 ± 84.3 ng/mg, p = 0.012 and 84.9 ± 18.3 ng/mg vs. 439.4 ± 82.7 ng/mg, p = 0.014, respectively). Most notable was the strong increase of 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) formation in THP-1 macrophages, with levels of 170.9 ± 40.2 ng/mg protein in the high n-3 PUFA treated cells. Thus our data indicate that THP-1 macrophages prominently utilize EPA and DHA for monohydroxylated metabolite formation, in particular 18-HEPE, which has been shown to be released by macrophages to prevent pressure overload-induced maladaptive cardiac remodeling.
Modular Synthesis of Heparin-Related Tetra-, Hexa- and Octasaccharides with Differential O-6 Protections: Programming for Regiodefined 6-O-Modifications
Authors: Baráth Marek , Hansen Steen , Dalton Charlotte , Jayson Gordon , Miller Gavin , Gardiner John
Published: April 2015

Heparin and heparan sulphate (H/HS) are important members of the glycosaminoglycan family of sugars that regulate a substantial number of biological processes. Such biological promiscuity is underpinned by hetereogeneity in their molecular structure. The degree of O-sulfation, particularly at the 6-position of constituent D-GlcN units, is believed to play a role in modulating the effects of such sequences. Synthetic chemistry is essential to be able to extend the diversity of HS-like fragments with defined molecular structure, and particularly to deconvolute the biological significance of modifications at O6. Here we report a synthetic approach to a small matrix of protected heparin-type oligosaccharides, containing orthogonal D-GlcN O-6 protecting groups at programmed positions along the chain, facilitating access towards programmed modifications at specific sites, relevant to sulfation or future mimetics.
Covalent Modification of Human Serum Albumin by the Natural Sesquiterpene Lactone Parthenolide
Authors: Plöger Michael , Sendker Jandirk , Langer Klaus , Schmidt Thomas
Published: April 2015

The reactivity of parthenolide (PRT), a natural sesquiterpene lactone from Tanacetum parthenium (Asteraceae), with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by UHPLC/+ESI-QqTOF MS analysis after tryptic digestion of albumin samples after incubation with this compound. It was found that the single free cysteine residue, C34, of HSA (0.6 mM) reacted readily with PRT when incubated at approximately 13-fold excess of PRT (8 mM). Time-course studies with PRT and its 11β,13-dihydro derivative at equimolar ratios of the reactants revealed that PRT under the chosen conditions reacts preferably with C34 and does so exclusively via its α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety, while the epoxide structure is not involved in the reaction.
Cu (II)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Henry Reaction with a Novel C1-Symmetric Aminopinane-Derived Ligand
Authors: Filippova Liudmila , Stenstrøm Yngve , Hansen Trond
Published: April 2015

A novel C1-symmetric dinitrogen ligand was synthesized in high yield from commercially available (1R,2R,3R,5S)-(−)-isopinocampheylamine and 1-methyl-2-imidazolecarboxaldehyde. In combination with Cu(OAc)2H2O, this new ligand promote the reaction between nitromethane and aliphatic aldehydes with high yields (up to 97%) and moderate enantioselectivities (up to 67% ee). The reactions with benzaldehyde required prolonged reaction time that resulted in diminished yields, but accompanied with ee-values in the 55%–76% range.
Determination of the Primary Molecular Target of 1,2,4-Triazole-Ciprofloxacin Hybrids
Authors: Plech Tomasz , Kaproń Barbara , Paneth Agata , Kosikowska Urszula , Malm Anna , Strzelczyk Aleksandra , Stączek Paweł , Świątek Łukasz , Rajtar Barbara , Polz-Dacewicz Małgorzata
Published: April 2015

We have synthesized and examined the antibacterial activity, toxicity and affinity towards bacterial type II topoisomerases of a series of 1,2,4-triazole-ciprofloxacin hybrids. A number of these compounds displayed enhanced activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria when compared to ciprofloxacin. The toxic concentrations of the obtained derivatives, evaluated on HEK-293 cells using MTT assay, were much higher than concentrations required to produce antibacterial effect. Finally, the results of enzymatic studies showed that the analyzed compounds demonstrated other preferences as regards primary and secondary molecular targets than ciprofloxacin.
Mesh Optimization for Monte Carlo-Based Optical Tomography
Authors: Edmans Andrew , Intes Xavier
Published: April 2015

Mesh-based Monte Carlo techniques for optical imaging allow for accurate modeling of light propagation in complex biological tissues. Recently, they have been developed within an efficient computational framework to be used as a forward model in optical tomography. However, commonly employed adaptive mesh discretization techniques have not yet been implemented for Monte Carlo based tomography. Herein, we propose a methodology to optimize the mesh discretization and analytically rescale the associated Jacobian based on the characteristics of the forward model. We demonstrate that this method maintains the accuracy of the forward model even in the case of temporal data sets while allowing for significant coarsening or refinement of the mesh.
Fauna Europaea: Coleoptera 2 (excl. series Elateriformia, Scarabaeiformia, Staphyliniformia and superfamily Curculionoidea)
Authors: Audisio Paolo , Alonso Zarazaga Miguel-Angel , Slipinski Adam , Nilsson Anders , Jelínek Josef , Taglianti Augusto , Turco Federica , Otero Carlos , Canepari Claudio , Kral David , Liberti Gianfranco , Sama Gianfranco , Nardi Gianluca , Löbl Ivan , Horak Jan , Kolibac Jiri , Háva Jirí , Sapiejewski Maciej , Jäch Manfred , Bologna Marco , Biondi Maurizio , Nikitsky Nikolai , Mazzoldi Paolo , Zahradnik Petr , Wegrzynowicz Piotr , Constantin Robert , Gerstmeier Roland , Zhantiev Rustem , Fattorini Simone , Tomaszewska Wioletta , Rücker Wolfgang , Vazquez-Albalate Xavier , Cassola Fabio , Angelini Fernando , Johnson Colin , Schawaller Wolfgang , Regalin Renato , Baviera Cosimo , Rocchi Saverio , Cianferoni Fabio , Beenen Ron , Schmitt Michael , Sassi David , Kippenberg Horst , Zampetti Marcello , Trizzino Marco , Chiari Stefano , Carpaneto Giuseppe Maria , Sabatelli Simone , de Jong Yde
Published: April 2015

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including synonyms) of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. This represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education.

Coleoptera represent a huge assemblage of holometabolous insects, including as a whole more than 200 recognized families and some 400,000 described species worldwide. Basic information is summarized on their biology, ecology, economic relevance, and estimated number of undescribed species worldwide. Little less than 30,000 species are listed from Europe. The Coleoptera 2 section of the Fauna Europaea database (Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga and Polyphaga excl. the series Elateriformia, Scarabaeiformia, Staphyliniformia and the superfamily Curculionoidea) encompasses 80 families (according to the previously accepted family-level systematic framework) and approximately 13,000 species. Tabulations included a complete list of the families dealt with, the number of species in each, the names of all involved specialists, and, when possible, an estimate of the gaps in terms of total number of species at an European level. A list of some recent useful references is appended. Most families included in the Coleoptera 2 Section have been updated in the most recent release of the Fauna Europaea index, or are ready to be updated as soon as the FaEu data management environment completes its migration from Zoological Museum Amsterdam to Berlin Museum für Naturkunde.
A Urinary Incontinence Continuing Education Online Course for Community Health Nurses in South Korea
Authors: De Gagne Jennie C. , Park Sunah , So Aeyoung , Wu Bei , Palmer Mary H. , McConnell Eleanor S.
Published: April 2015

Background:

Although urinary incontinence is prevalent among older women living in rural Korea, a lack of awareness and education exists in this population and among health professionals. Geographic isolation and limited resources also contribute to having few educational offerings for rural nurses. The authors’ aim was to develop an online continuing education course on continence care for community health nurses and to examine its effectiveness.

Method:

A one-group, pretest–posttest design was used to detect changes in knowledge and attitudes after taking the online education course. Participant satisfaction was also measured at the end of the training.

Results:

A significant improvement in knowledge and attitudes toward continence care was noted. More than 95% of participants responded that they would recommend the online program to other health care providers and indicated the program would be helpful regarding continence care in their practice.

Conclusion:

The continuing education online course is a feasible strategy to support rural community health nurses’ learning to improve knowledge and attitudes toward urinary incontinence management and care.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2015;46(4):171–178.
Suicide Assessment and Action for Women Veterans
Authors: Conard Patricia L. , Armstrong Myrna L. , Young Cathy , Hogan La Micha
Published: April 2015

Many deployed women Veterans, as described in a previous article, have experienced similar combat exposure as their male counterparts in wars since 1990. Upon reintegration, many Veterans visit civilian health facilities with behavioral health issues, sometimes voicing and/or attempting suicide. Effective nursing assessment and actions are needed to specifically care for this unique population. Any suicide variables (e.g., ideation, attempts, completed) are concerning; therefore, all women Veterans from the Vietnam, Gulf I, Iraq, and Afghanistan wars should be assessed. The first priority is always patient safety. Timely and frequent screening for a variety of risk factors, documented for both men and women Veterans, and women specifically, are important. Symptomology may not become evident for 3 to 15 months into reintegration. Applicable dialogue can recognize changing thoughts, judgment, and behavior patterns. Health promotion efforts, interventions, and resourceful referrals are provided. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 53
(4), 33–42.]
Nuevos registros con notas ecológicas y taxonómicas de esponjas dulceacuícolas (Porifera, Spongillidae) en la cuenca del Duero
Authors: Morales Javier , Negro Ana Isabel
Published: April 2015

El trabajo supone la primera contribución al conocimiento ibérico de las esponjas de agua dulce (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spongillidae) en la cuenca del Duero. Se encontraron ejemplares en 24 (+) de 32 transectos, repartidos en 16 estaciones de muestreo. El estudio se desarrolló en 6 subcuencas fluviales de la meseta norte y fueron obtenidos datos sobre su ecología y distribución en 25 tramos fluviales vadeables (20+/5−) y en 7 humedales profundos (4+/3−). Se localizaron ejemplares vivos durante las épocas de estiaje y se identificaron mediante la observación al microscopio de las espículas silíceas cuatro especies: Ephydatia fluviatilis, E. muelleri, Heteromeyenia baileyi y Spongilla lacustris. La máxima riqueza de especies se presentó en el curso medio del río Negro, donde se hallaron tres especies en simpatría. E. muelleri fue localizada por primera vez en la cuenca del Duero en un tramo del río Aliste. H. baileyi mostró preferencia por aguas someras y corrientes, y únicamente se localizó sobre rocas duras (cuarzitas). S. lacustris y E. fluviatilis fueron localizadas tanto sobre sedimentos compactados, rocas o maderas sumergidas y en un amplio rango de profundidades. E. fluviatilis no se localizó en lagunas de alta montaña, siendo una especie habitual en ríos. H. baileyi y S. lacustris mostraron preferencia por ríos de aguas ácidas y baja mineralización; mientras que ambas especies de Ephydatia se hallaron en aguas algo mineralizadas. Se discute la influencia de estos parámetros ambientales en la distribución encontrada y su presencia en sintopía con otros invertebrados indicadores de condiciones de oligotrofia, acidez y elevada oxigenación
User Engagement in Feedback Sharing through Social Influence
Authors: Stibe Agnis , Oinas-Kukkonen Harri
Published: April 2015

Organizations continuously strive to engage customers in the services development process. The Social Web facilitates this process by enabling novel channels for voluntary feedback sharing through social media and technologically advanced environments. This chapter explores how social influence design principles can enhance the effectiveness of socio-technical systems designed to alter human behavior with respect to sharing feedback. Drawing upon social science theories, this chapter develops a research framework that identifies social influence design principles pertinent to persuasive systems that facilitate user engagement in feedback sharing. The design principles are then implemented in an information system and their effects on feedback sharing are explored in an experimental setting. The main findings of this chapter contribute to research related to social influences on user behavior and to the practice of designing persuasive information systems.
Material and Tribology Issues of Self-Lubricating Copper Matrix Composite
Authors: Ma Wenlin , Shang Jian , Lu Jinjun , Meng Junhu
Published: April 2015

This chapter addresses fundamental issues (i.e. material issue and tribology issue) of the self-lubricating copper matrix composite under dry sliding contact. The development of metal matrix composites for tribological applications relies largely on a trial-and-error method because no adequate knowledge from tribology is involved. To make good metal matrix composites for tribological applications, knowledge from both materials science and tribology are required. This chapter comprehensively introduces the tribological aspect of self-lubricating copper matrix composites for tribological applications. The main mission of this chapter is to introduce the tribological consideration in fabricating copper matrix composite (Cu- graphite and Cu-SiO2 composites as examples) for tribological application. Material aspect (e.g. mixing method, sintering temperature) is briefly reviewed. The main concern is variations of chemical composition, microstructure, and property of tribo-layer of copper matrix composites sliding against different counter-face materials and under different operating conditions.
Tribology and Aluminium Matrix Composites
Authors: Mohan Sunil , Gautam Rakesh Kr. , Mohan Anita
Published: April 2015

Knowledge of tribology is very old but much attention has been paid only in the 20th century. It is science and technology of interacting surfaces in sliding, rolling, or any other kind of motion. Tribology includes knowledge of wear, friction, and lubrication, which is of much importance in designing of machine components. This chapter deals with an overview of friction, sliding friction, and contributing factors such as adhesion, ploughing, deformation, third body, time dependence, and mechanisms of friction in metallic materials. It also provides an overview of adhesive and abrasive wear and wear mechanism in mild and severe wear regime for metallic materials. Important material properties, environmental effects, and operating parameters have also been highlighted. In the last section, the importance of Particle Aluminium Matrix Composites (PAMCs) with soft and hard dispersion is explained with the help of operative wear mechanisms.
Advanced Machining Techniques for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Singh Inderdeep , Debnath Kishore
Published: April 2015

This chapter addresses the issues and challenges associated with the conventional drilling of Fiber-Reinforced Plastics (FRPs). The status of the work reported in the area of conventional drilling of FRPs has also been reviewed. Further, the opportunities with the advanced machining techniques have been reported. A state-of-the-art research review has been presented in light of the capability of advanced machining techniques for machining of FRPs. Advanced machining techniques, such as Electric Discharge Machining (EDM), Electrochemical Machining (ECM), Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM), laser beam drilling, vibration-assisted drilling, and Ultrasonic Machining (USM) for FRPs has been discussed. The limitations associated with the advanced machining of FRPs have also been highlighted.
Simulation of Fragmentation Technique Using ANSYS Software
Authors: Hassan Abdarazag , Alotaibi J. G. , Shalwan A. , Yousif B. F.
Published: April 2015

This chapter addresses the proposal of fragmentation test and its simulation using ANSYS software owing to understand the interfacial adhesion of natural fibre with synthetic matrix. Date palm fibres and epoxy materials are selected for the study. The influence of NaOH concentration and fibre diameter on the interfacial adhesion of the fibre with the epoxy are studied. The results indicated that the addition of the fibre to the matrix significantly improved the mechanical properties of the composites. However, an optimum value for the chemical concentration and the fibre diameters should be considered in developing such materials. High NaOH concentration deteriorates the tensile strength of the fibre. Meanwhile, low NaOH concentration exhibits poor interfacial adhesion.
Motivational Patterns and the Performance of Entrepreneurs
Authors: Okafor Chinonye , Amalu Roy
Published: April 2015

Over the years many research works have examined the motivation of women into entrepreneurship. Evidence has shown that several factors have been responsible for women’s involvement in entrepreneurship. These factors have multiple effects on the enterprise, irrespective of its ownership and control. Therefore, the main thrust of this paper is to examine different dimensions of motivation and their relationship with the performance of women entrepreneurs in South-West Nigeria. Both primary and secondary sources were used in gathering the data required for this paper. The instrument of questionnaire was used in conducting this research. The models of correlation coefficient and chi-square were used in analyzing the questionnaire collected from the respondents. The results show that there is positive relationship between motivational factors and the performance of women entrepreneurs in South-West Nigeria. Among other things, it was recommended that irrespective of the factor(s) that motivate women entrepreneurs into business, there is need for them to go for training and other capacity building programme so as to be equipped with the required skills for running their businesses.
The Critical Success Factors of Agricultural Cooperatives in Mekong River Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Binh Cong , Zhang Biao Jun , Liu Zhi
Published: April 2015

In order to help farmers improve production, there is a need to link input and output operations, and agricultural cooperatives may be the best form. The cooperatives in Vietnam in general and in the Mekong River Delta in particular, however, still have certain drawbacks in their operation. The major objective of this paper is to find critical success factors of the agricultural cooperatives in the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam. Based on direct interviews with 125 agricultural cooperative chairmen in 5 surveyed provinces, the findings of this study found that factors such as operating environment, management, and resources were closely related to the success of these cooperatives. Specifically, this study found that the infrastructure and socioeconomic conditions where the cooperatives operated, the operational scale of the cooperatives, the size of cultivated areas, the capital amount, the educational attainment of cooperative managers, the ratio of trained managers and other related resources played an important role in the success of the cooperatives in the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam.
RDTA
Authors: Latreche Fateh , Belala Faiza
Published: April 2015

Web services are very dynamic, they are all around us and we use them every day without even knowing it. In this paper, the authors define a formal model for dynamic Web services composition and they investigate how it can be used to specify and analyse backward recovery procedures, updating partner services in case of failure. First, they propose Recursive and Dynamic Timed Automata (RDTA) model, interpreted over composite service configurations, which provide a natural way to design stateful and dynamic Web services. Then, the authors define the concurrent semantics of this timed automata extension in terms of real-time rewrite theories. Analysis of the model is carried out in the Real-Time Maude system, based on checking relevant properties.
Impaired NK Cell Responses to Pertussis and H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Antigens in Human Cytomegalovirus-Infected Individuals
Authors: Nielsen Carolyn M. , White Matthew J. , Bottomley Christian , Lusa Chiara , Rodríguez-Galán Ana , Turner Scarlett E. G. , Goodier Martin R. , Riley Eleanor M.
Published: April 2015

NK cells contribute to postvaccination immune responses after activation by IL-2 from Ag-specific memory T cells or by cross-linking of the low-affinity IgG receptor, CD16, by Ag–Ab immune complexes. Sensitivity of NK cells to these signals from the adaptive immune system is heterogeneous and influenced by their stage of differentiation. CD56dimCD57+ NK cells are less responsive to IL-2 and produce less IFN-γ in response to T cell–mediated activation than do CD56bright or CD56dimCD57− NK cells. Conversely, NK cell cytotoxicity, as measured by degranulation, is maintained across the CD56dim subsets. Human CMV (HCMV), a highly prevalent herpes virus causing lifelong, usually latent, infections, drives the expansion of the CD56dimCD57+NKG2C+ NK cell population, skewing the NK cell repertoire in favor of cytotoxic responses at the expense of cytokine-driven responses. We hypothesized, therefore, that HCMV seropositivity would be associated with altered NK cell responses to vaccine Ags. In a cross-sectional study of 152 U.K. adults, with HCMV seroprevalence rate of 36%, we find that HCMV seropositivity is associated with lower NK cell IFN-γ production and degranulation after in vitro restimulation with pertussis or H1N1 influenza vaccine Ags. Higher expression of CD57/NKG2C and lower expression of IL-18Rα on NK cells from HCMV seropositive subjects do not fully explain these impaired responses, which are likely the result of multiple receptor–ligand interactions. This study demonstrates for the first time, to our knowledge, that HCMV serostatus influences NK cell contributions to adaptive immunity and raises important questions regarding the impact of HCMV infection on vaccine efficacy.