bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plateaus and Afterglows: Theorizing the Afterlives of Gayborhoods as Post-Places
Authors: Coffin Jack
Published: March 2021

A number of commentators have acknowledged the decline of gayborhoods and the concomitant emergence of non-heteronormative diasporas in societies where sexual and gender diversity is normalized (Ghaziani 2015; Nash and Gorman-Murray 2017; Bitterman 2020). Academic studies tend to focus on the new lives that are being led beyond the gayborhood and the diminished distinctiveness of the territories left behind (e.g. Ghaziani 2014). In contrast, this chapter explores the possibility that gayborhoods can continue to influence sociospatial dynamics, even after their physical presence has diminished or disappeared altogether. Individuals and collectives may still be inspired by the memories, representations, and imaginaries previously provided by these erstwhile places. Indeed, the metaphor of a non-heteronormative diaspora relies on an ‘origin’ from which a cultural network has dispersed. In this sense gayborhoods can continue to function as post-places, as symbolic anchors of identity that operate even if they no longer exist in a material form, even if they are used simply as markers of ‘how far the diaspora has come’. The proposition that gayborhoods are becoming post-places could be more fully theorized in a number of ways, but the approach here is to adapt Deleuze and Guattari’s (1987: 22) notion of plateaus, which denote a “region of intensities whose development avoids any orientation towards a culmination point or external end”. From this perspective gayborhoods are not spatial phenomena that reach a climax of concentration and then disappear through dissipation. Instead, they can be described as becoming more intense and concrete in the latter half of the twentieth century before gradually fading after the new millennium as they disperse gradually into a diaspora as memories, habits, and so forth. Put another way, non-climactic gayborhoods leave ‘afterglows’, affects that continue to exert geographical effects in the present and near future. This conceptualization is consequential for theory, practice, and political activism, and ends the main body of this edited volume on a more ambitious note.
A Tale of Three Villages: Contested Discourses of Place-Making in Central Philadelphia
Authors: Niedt Greg
Published: March 2021

As the acceptance of queer identities has proceeded in fits and starts over the last few decades, the question has been raised, is it still necessary to have dedicated queer spaces? City dwellers often reason that with supposed improvements in safety and social mixing, the “gay ghettos” that form a transitional stage in neighborhood revitalization should now become common areas. Yet the capitalist logic that drives this thinking often trades the physical threat of exclusion or violence for an existential one, jeopardizing a distinctive culture that remains valuable in the self-realization process of local queer citizens. This is visible not only in changing demographics, but also in the production of discourse across multiple levels; language and semiotics help to constitute neighborhoods, but also toconceptualizethem. This chapter examines how public signs and artifacts reify and sustain three competing narratives of a single central Philadelphia neighborhood in flux: the traditionally queer “Gayborhood” that developed shortly after World War II, the officially designated “Washington Square West,” and the realtor-coined, recently gentrifying “Midtown Village.” I argue that the naming and describing of these spaces, and how their associated discourses are reflected by their contents, continues to play a role in the ongoing struggle for queer acceptance. Combining observational data of multimodal public texts (storefronts, flyers, street signs, etc.) and critical discourse analysis within the linguistic/semiotic landscapes paradigm, I present a critique of the presumed inevitability of queer erasure here. This is supplemented with a comparison of grassroots, bottom-up, and official, top-down documents in various media (maps, brochures, websites, social media, etc.) that perpetuate the different discourses. Ultimately, a change in urban scenery and how a neighborhood is envisioned only masks the fact that spaces of queer expression, marked by their eroding distinctiveness rather than their deviance, are still needed.
Toward Process Variability Management in Online Examination Process in German Universities: A State of the Art
Authors: Heidari Maryam , Arnold Oliver
Published: March 2021

In contemporary organizations, multiple variants of the same business process are often considerable. Such business process variability has caused considerable challenges, both while modeling processes and in their execution. In order to develop a new approach to managing process variants, or extend an existing one, in this research, we review the state of the art in a particular area: online examination processes. We show to what extent variability should be considered in exam processes, whether this is due to special legal restrictions and regulations, different exam frameworks, or even different technical infrastructure. This could be the foundation for developing an approach to managing process variability in the field of e-assessment. Initial findings indicate that examination processes have many similarities, but also considerable differentiation. Therefore, there an appropriate model needs to be developed in order to manage variability in e-assessment and the developed approach must then be validated in identifying faculties. This paper constitutes a first step in this direction.
Efficient Bounded Model Checking of Heap-Manipulating Programs using Tight Field Bounds
Authors: Ponzio Pablo , Godio Ariel , Rosner Nicolás , Arroyo Marcelo , Aguirre Nazareno , Frias Marcelo F.
Published: March 2021

Software model checkers are able to exhaustively explore different bounded program executions arising from various sources of non-determinism. These tools provide statements to produce non-deterministic values for certain variables, thus forcing the corresponding model checker to considerallpossible values for these during verification. While these statements offer an effective way of verifying programs handling basic data types and simple structured types, they are inappropriate as a mechanism for nondeterministic generation of pointers, favoring the use of insertion routines to produce dynamic data structures when verifying, via model checking, programs handling such data types.

We present a technique to improve model checking of programs handling heap-allocated data types, by taming the explosion of candidate structures that can be built when non-deterministically initializing heap object fields. The technique exploits precomputedrelational bounds, that disregard values deemed invalid by the structure’s type invariant, thus reducing the state space to be explored by the model checker. Precomputing the relational bounds is a challenging costly task too, for which we also present an efficient algorithm, based on incremental SAT solving.

We implement our approach on top of the bounded model checker, and show that, for a number of data structures implementations, we can handle significantly larger input structures and detect faults that is unable to detect.
Probabilistic and Systematic Coverage of Consecutive Test-Method Pairs for Detecting Order-Dependent Flaky Tests
Authors: Wei Anjiang , Yi Pu , Xie Tao , Marinov Darko , Lam Wing
Published: March 2021

Software developers frequently check their code changes by running a set of tests against their code. Tests that can nondeterministically pass or fail when run on the same code version are called flaky tests. These tests are a major problem because they can mislead developers to debug their recent code changes when the failures are unrelated to these changes. One prominent category of flaky tests is order-dependent (OD) tests, which can deterministically pass or fail depending on the order in which the set of tests are run. By detecting OD tests in advance, developers can fix these tests before they change their code. Due to the high cost required to explore all possible orders (n! permutations for n tests), prior work has developed tools that randomize orders to detect OD tests. Experiments have shown that randomization can detect many OD tests, and that most OD tests depend on just one other test to fail. However, there was no analysis of the probability that randomized orders detect OD tests. In this paper, we present the first such analysis and also present a simple change for sampling random test orders to increase the probability. We finally present a novel algorithm to systematically explore all consecutive pairs of tests, guaranteeing to detect all OD tests that depend on one other test, while running substantially fewer orders and tests than simply running all test pairs.
Digitalisierung – Status quo und ungenutzte Potenziale
Authors: Proff Harald , Ahrens Claudia , Neuroth Wencke , Proff Heike , Knobbe Florian , Szybisty Gregor , Sommer Stefan
Published: March 2021

Dieses Kapitel stellt Ziel und Aufbau des Buches vor.
Nutzung der Chancen der Digitalisierung durch digitale Leistungen – Technologien und Prozesse, Angebote und Geschäftsmodelle verbessern oder verändern
Authors: Proff Harald , Ahrens Claudia , Neuroth Wencke , Proff Heike , Knobbe Florian , Szybisty Gregor , Sommer Stefan
Published: March 2021

Wir wollen in diesem Kapitel zeigen, wie Unternehmen die Chancen der Digitalisierung nutzen können:

durch Verbesserung oder Veränderung

zunächst der unternehmerischen Prozesse (z. B. durch die digitale Fabrik bzw. Industrie 4.0) und der dahinter liegenden digitalen Technologien (z. B. ein mehrschichtiges Fertigungsmanagement, MES), als den „Digital Activities“.

dann der Angebote, d. h. Produkte und Dienstleistungen (z. B. ein Angebot von Digitalkameras), die Unternehmen in Geschäftsmodelle – einzeln umsetzen oder verbindlich ausgerichtet auf einen definierten Kreis von Partnern (in einem Ecosystem) - umsetzen, als den „Digital Businesses“.

durch radikale Veränderungen der Leistungen, die sehr viel weitreichender sind, als eine Verbesserung oder eine inkrementelle Veränderung der Technologien, Prozesse, Angebote und Geschäftsmodelle. Denn sie bedeuten die Entwicklung völlig neuer Geschäftsmodelle bzw. Geschäftsmodellinnovationen, die sich als neue Wege des Denkens auf völlig neue Angebote am Markt beziehen und auf neuartige Technologien und Prozesse stützen.

Damit ermöglicht die Digitalisierung eine Neuausrichtung der unternehmerischen Leistungen (Digital Performance) und treibt die Transformation von Unternehmen.

Dabei gilt, dass die Gewinnwirkung umso höher ist, je stärker Unternehmen dadurch Technologien, noch stärker Prozesse, mehr noch Angebote und am meisten Geschäftsmodelle verändert werden.
On the interplay between magnetic field and anisotropy in holographic QCD
Authors: Gürsoy Umut , Järvinen Matti , Nijs Govert , Pedraza Juan F.
Published: March 2021

Abstract

We investigate the combined effects of anisotropy and a magnetic field in strongly interacting gauge theories by the gauge/gravity correspondence. Our main motivation is the quark-gluon plasma produced in off-central heavy-ion collisions which exhibits large anisotropy in pressure gradients as well as large external magnetic fields. We explore two different configurations, with the anisotropy either parallel or perpendicular to the magnetic field, focusing on the competition and interplay between the two. A detailed study of the RG flow in the ground state reveals a rich structure where depending on which of the two, anisotropy or magnetic field, is stronger, intermediate geometries with approximate AdS4× ℝ and AdS3× ℝ2factors arise. This competition is also manifest in the phase structure at finite temperature, specifically in the dependence of the chiral transition temperature on anisotropy and magnetic field, from which we infer the presence of inverse magnetic and anisotropic catalyses of the chiral condensate. Finally, we consider other salient observables in the theory, including the quark-antiquark potential, shear viscosity, entanglement entropy and the butterfly velocity. We demonstrate that they serve as good probes of the theory, in particular, distinguishing between the effects of the magnetic field and anisotropy in the ground and plasma states. We also find that the butterfly velocity, which codifies how fast information propagates in the plasma, exhibits a rich structure as a function of temperature, anisotropy and magnetic field, exceeding the conformal value in certain regimes.
Shear-induced crystallization of polyamide 11
Authors: Jariyavidyanont Katalee , Mallardo Salvatore , Cerruti Pierfrancesco , Di Lorenzo Maria Laura , Boldt Regine , Rhoades Alicyn M. , Androsch René
Published: March 2021

Shear-induced formation of crystal nuclei in polyamide 11 (PA 11) was studied using a conventional parallel-plate rheometer. Crystallization of PA 11 after shearing the melt at different rates for 60 s was followed by the evolution of the complex viscosity. The sheared samples showed in an optical microscope a gradient structure along the radius, due to the increasing shear rate from the center to the edge. The critical shear rate for shear-induced formation of nuclei was identified at the position where a distinct change of the semicrystalline superstructure is observed, being at around 1 to 2 s−1. Below this threshold, a space-filled spherulitic superstructure developed as in quiescent-melt crystallization. Above this value, after shearing at rates between 1 and 5 s−1, an increased number of point-like nuclei was detected, connected with formation of randomly oriented crystals. Shearing the melt at even higher rates led to a further increase of the nuclei number and growth of crystals oriented such that the chain axis is in parallel to the direction of flow. In addition, optical microscopy confirmed formation of long fibrillar structures after shearing at such condition. The critical specific work of flow of PA 11 was calculated to allow a comparison with that of polyamide 66 (PA 66). This comparison showed that in the case of PA 11 more work for shear-induced formation of nuclei is needed than in the case of PA 66, discussed in terms of the chemical structure of the repeat unit in the chains.

Graphical abstract
A Finite Element/Neural Network Framework for Modeling Suspensions of Non-spherical Particles
Authors: Minakowska Martyna , Richter Thomas , Sager Sebastian
Published: March 2021

An accurate prediction of the translational and rotational motion of particles suspended in a fluid is only possible if a complete set of correlations for the force coefficients of fluid-particle interaction is known. The present study is thus devoted to the derivation and validation of a new framework to determine the drag, lift, rotational and pitching torque coefficients for different non-spherical particles in a fluid flow. The motivation for the study arises from medical applications, where particles may have an arbitrary and complex shape. Here, it is usually not possible to derive accurate analytical models for predicting the different hydrodynamic forces. The presented model is designed to be applicable to a broad range of shapes. Another important feature of the suspensions occurring in medical and biological applications is the high number of particles. The modelling approach we propose can be efficiently used for simulations of solid-liquid suspensions with numerous particles. Based on resolved numerical simulations of prototypical particles we generate data to train a neural network which allows us to quickly estimate the hydrodynamic forces experienced by a specific particle immersed in a fluid.
A copula-based multivariate hidden Markov model for modelling momentum in football
Authors: Ötting Marius , Langrock Roland , Maruotti Antonello
Published: March 2021

We investigate the potential occurrence of change points—commonly referred to as “momentum shifts”—in the dynamics of football matches. For that purpose, we model minute-by-minute in-game statistics of Bundesliga matches using hidden Markov models (HMMs). To allow for within-state dependence of the variables, we formulate multivariate state-dependent distributions using copulas. For the Bundesliga data considered, we find that the fitted HMMs comprise states which can be interpreted as a team showing different levels of control over a match. Our modelling framework enables inference related to causes of momentum shifts and team tactics, which is of much interest to managers, bookmakers, and sports fans.
Community Legal Systems: Targeting PrEP and HIV Education to Decrease Risk of HIV Transmission
Authors: Whiteside-Mansell Leanne , Sockwell LaTunja , Knight Daniel , Crone Cynthia
Published: March 2021

The southern U.S. has both high HIV and incarceration rates in comparison to its population. As in the rest of the country, HIV prevention is based on education, behavior change, and biomedical efforts, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This study examined the implementation of an educational intervention and supportive services to obtain PrEP in a population of individuals (N = 218) involved in an Adult Drug Court (ADC) or on probation or parole (P-P). Nearly all ADC and P-P participants self-reported risk behaviors linked to HIV acquisition. Results supported the acceptance and usefulness of the intervention as rated by participants. Participants showed increased knowledge of HIV risks and testing post-education. In multivariate analysis, predictors of interest in using PrEP included low stigma beliefs, specifically their level of prejudice views, high depressive symptoms, and white race. The intervention shows promise. Given the high risk documented for ADC and P-P individuals, HIV prevention is a critical component for increased protective behaviors.
The Paradox of Predictability
Authors: Gijsbers Victor
Published: March 2021

Scriven’s paradox of predictability arises from the combination of two ideas: first, that everything in a deterministic universe is, in principle, predictable; second, that it is possible to create a system that falsifies any prediction that is made of it. Recently, the paradox has been used by Rummens and Cuypers to argue that there is a fundamental difference between embedded and external predictors; and by Ismael to argue against a governing conception of laws. The present paper defends a new diagnosis of the roots of the paradox. First, it is argued that the unpredictability has to be understood in the light of Turing’s famous results about computability, in particular his proof that there is no solution to the ‘halting problem.’ This allows us to see that previous analyses of the paradox were either mistaken or not fully adequate. Second, the sense of paradox that nevertheless remains is traced to the idea that rational behaviour is not dependent on contingent environmental circumstances: that it is always up to us to engage in activities such as rational prediction or rational belief. The paradox of predictability teaches us that this idea, natural though it may be, is mistaken.
Advances in Glycation: from food to human health and disease
Authors: Taniguchi Naoyuki , Murata Masatsune
Published: March 2021

This Special Issue on “Advances in Glycation: from food to human health and disease” was planned after the XXV International Symposium on Glycoconjugates (Glyco25) in Milan in order to ask special attention of importance of glycation to glycoscience community. In addition, we also celebrate the 30th anniversary of JMARS (Japan Maillard Reaction Society), and dedicated to one of the pioneers of this field, Professor Vincent Monnier, MD. He contributed enormously to studies on glycation related to aging and diseases to date and also he contributed to establish IMARS (International Maillard Reaction Society) as well as JMARS.
Curricular fit perspective on motivation in higher education
Authors: Kickert R. , Meeuwisse M. , Stegers-Jager K. M. , Prinzie P. , Arends L. R.
Published: March 2021

In this article, we present a curricular perspective that can be used to understand students’ focus on assessment in higher education. We propose that the degree of alignment between the objectives and assessment of the curriculum plays a crucial role in students’ motivation. In case of perfect alignment, all objectives have an equitable probability of being assessed. Thus, all learning contributes to performance equitably. Consequently, the motivation to perform and the motivation to learn should result in the same learning behaviour and performance. However, in reality, a certain degree of cognitive and operant misalignment of the assessment with the objectives is present. Hence, some objectives will not need to be mastered in order to pass certain assessments. Consequently, a distinction arises between assessed and unassessed learning, and only the assessed learning contributes to performance. Thus, the probability of performing well on assessments is higher when students focus their effort on the assessed learning only, instead of dividing their effort between the assessed and unassessed learning. Therefore, students who are motivated to perform have a motivation that fits in a misaligned curriculum. The article concludes with implications of this curricular fit perspective for assessment practices, as well as for motivational research.
Efficient stochastic optimisation by unadjusted Langevin Monte Carlo
Authors: De Bortoli Valentin , Durmus Alain , Pereyra Marcelo , Vidal Ana F.
Published: March 2021

Stochastic approximation methods play a central role in maximum likelihood estimation problems involving intractable likelihood functions, such as marginal likelihoods arising in problems with missing or incomplete data, and in parametric empirical Bayesian estimation. Combined with Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms, these stochastic optimisation methods have been successfully applied to a wide range of problems in science and industry. However, this strategy scales poorly to large problems because of methodological and theoretical difficulties related to using high-dimensional Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms within a stochastic approximation scheme. This paper proposes to address these difficulties by using unadjusted Langevin algorithms to construct the stochastic approximation. This leads to a highly efficient stochastic optimisation methodology with favourable convergence properties that can be quantified explicitly and easily checked. The proposed methodology is demonstrated with three experiments, including a challenging application to statistical audio analysis and a sparse Bayesian logistic regression with random effects problem.
Nowhere to Play: Available Open and Green Space in Greater London Schools
Authors: Shoari Niloofar , Ezzati Majid , Doyle Yvonne G , Wolfe Ingrid , Brauer Michael , Bennett James , Fecht Daniela
Published: March 2021

Experiencing outdoor space, especially natural space, during childhood and adolescence has beneficial physical and mental health effects, including improved cognitive and motor skills and a lower risk of obesity. Since school-age children typically spend 35–40 hours per week at schools, we quantified their access to open (non-built-up) space and green space at schools in Greater London. We linked land use information from the UK Ordnance Survey with school characteristics from the Department for Education (DfE) for schools in Greater London. We estimated open space by isolating land and water features within school boundaries and, as a subset of open space, green space defined as open space covered by vegetation. We examined the relationship of both school open and green space with distance to Central London, whether the school was fee-paying, and the percentage of pupils eligible for free school meals (as a school-level indicator of socioeconomic status). Almost 400,000 pupils (30% of all pupils in London) attended schools with less than ten square metre per pupil of open space—the minimum recommended area by DfE—and 800,000 pupils attended schools with less than ten square metre per pupil of green space. Of the latter, 70% did not have any public parks in the immediate vicinity of their schools. School green space increased with distance from Central London. There was a weak association between the school-level socioeconomic indicator and the amount of open and green space. Fee-paying schools provided less open space compared to non-fee-paying schools in central parts of London, but the provision became comparable in suburban London. Many London schools do not provide enough open and green space. There is a need to ensure regular contact with green space through safeguarding school grounds from sales, financially supporting disadvantaged schools to increase their outdoor space and providing access to off-site facilities such as sharing outdoor space with other schools.
Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei) Emergence from Ground Fruits Across Varying Altitudes and Climate Cycles, and the Effect on Coffee Tree Infestation
Authors: Constantino Luis Miguel , Gil Zulma Nancy , Montoya Esther Cecilia , Benavides Pablo
Published: March 2021

During coffee harvest, picked berries fall to the ground where they serve as a reservoir for the coffee berry borer (CBB) which then infest coffee berries on the trees. This study tested the effect of fallen CBB-infested coffee berries on the infestation of coffee trees (Coffea arabica). Three-year-old trees were treated with either 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, or 20 CBB-infested berries placed on the root vicinity. The CBB infestation of coffee trees was sampled every 30 days during 6 months for four coffee productive cycles. The experiment was set up at four different locations comprising different altitudes (1,218; 1,381; 1,470; and 1,700 m.a.s.l.) and the measurements were taken during 4 years where the climatic events of El Niño, La Niña, Neutral, and transitions El Niño/La Niña were present. The results show that CBB-infested berries left on the ground are a reservoir of CBB for 140 ± 8.2 days and infest developing healthy coffee berries. In a climate Neutral year, one CBB-infested ground berry left on the ground infested on average 590.2 ± 142.2 berries in coffee trees grown at 1,218 m.a.s.l. At the same altitude, one CBB-infested ground berry resulted in 151.5 ± 29.1 infested tree berries during La Niña year and 959.0 ± 89.6 during El Niño year. The CBB infestation was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with altitude (R2= 0.99 andR2= −0.96, respectively). This study highlights the importance of careful harvesting practices to prevent berries from falling to the ground, followed by ground sanitation to limit later infestation of the coffee crop.
Fusarium basal rot: profile of an increasingly important disease in Allium spp.
Authors: Le Dung , Audenaert Kris , Haesaert Geert
Published: March 2021

Fusarium basal rot (FBR) is a soil-borne disease that affects Allium species worldwide. Although FBR has long been recognized as a major constraint to the production of economically important Allium species, information that could support disease management remains scattered. In this review, the current knowledge on the causal agents, symptomology and epidemiology, impact, and management strategies of FBR is synthesized. We highlight that FPR is associated with different complexes of several Fusarium species, of which Fusarium oxysporum and F. proliferatum are the most prevalent. These pathogenic complexes vary in composition and virulence, depending on sites and hosts, which can be challenging for disease management. Research to improve disease management using chemical pesticides, resistance cultivars, biocontrol agents, and cultural practices has achieved both promising results and limitations. Finally, research needs and future directions are proposed for the development of effective FBR management strategies.
A worthy technique for transcanal drilling during endoscopic ear surgery
Authors: Kamal Sheikh Shawkat
Published: March 2021

Objective

To evaluate the necessity and effectiveness of a preplanned technique for drilling during transcanal endoscopic ear surgery.

Methods

Study design: Retrospective case series study from June 2011 to June 2015. Setting: Private tertiary care hospital. Patients: Eighty‐five ears of 78 patients, age ranging from 9 to 57 years underwent transcanal endoscopic drilling for various types of pathology in their middle and external ear. Interventions: Application of a preplanned technique for transcanal drilling in endoscopic ear surgery that involved short timed drilling with use of intermittent irrigation and suction. Every events of the procedure were done one after another with the single hand of the surgeon. An attachment providing protecting sheath around rotating burr was used during each time of drilling. Main outcomes measure: Efficacy of such drilling technique in single handed endoscopic ear surgery. Presence of any postoperative thermal injury of facial nerve and any lacerated injury of skin of external ear.

Results

This preplanned technique was found suitable for transcanal endoscopic drilling with the single hand of the surgeon. Postoperative facial nerve palsy or laceration of skin of external ear was not noted in any patient.

Conclusion

After using the present technique, transcanal endoscopic drilling could be done easily and safely with single hand of the surgeon.
Generic chaos on dendrites
Authors: SNOHA ĽUBOMÍR , ŠPITALSKÝ VLADIMÍR , TAKÁCS MICHAL
Published: March 2021

We characterize dendritesDsuch that a continuous selfmap ofDis generically chaotic (in the sense of Lasota) if and only if it is generically${\varepsilon }$-chaotic for some${\varepsilon }>0$. In other words, we characterize dendrites on which generic chaos of a continuous map can be described in terms of the behaviour of subdendrites with non-empty interiors under iterates of the map. A dendriteDbelongs to this class if and only if it is completely regular, with all points of finite order (that is, if and only ifDcontains neither a copy of the Riemann dendrite nor a copy of the$\omega $-star).
Real-time virtual infection prevention and control assessments in skilled nursing homes, New York, March 2020—A pilot project
Authors: Ostrowsky Belinda E. , Weil Lauren M. , Olaisen R. Henry , Stricof Rachel L. , Adams Eleanor H. , Tsivitis Marie I. , Eramo Antonella , Giardina Rosalie , Erazo Richard , Southwick Karen L. , Greenko Jane A. , Lutterloh Emily C. , Blog Debra S. ,   for the New York COVID-19 Response Team:, Green Crystal , Carrasco Kimberly , Fernandez Rafael , Vallabhaneni Snigdha , Quinn Monica , Kogut Sarah J. , Bennett Joy , Chico David M. , Luzinas Martha
Published: March 2021

Objective:

To describe a pilot project infection prevention and control (IPC) assessment conducted in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) in New York State (NYS) during a pivotal 2-week period when the region became the nation’s epicenter for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Design:

A telephone and video assessment of IPC measures in SNFs at high risk or experiencing COVID-19 activity.

Participants:

SNFs in 14 New York counties, including New York City.

Intervention:

A 3-component remote IPC assessment: (1) screening tool; (2) telephone IPC checklist; and (3) COVID-19 video IPC assessment (ie, “COVIDeo”).

Results:

In total, 92 SNFs completed the IPC screening tool and checklist: 52 (57%) were conducted as part COVID-19 investigations, and 40 (43%) were proactive prevention-based assessments. Among the 40 proactive assessments, 14 (35%) identified suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases. COVIDeo was performed in 26 (28%) of 92 assessments and provided observations that other tools would have missed: personal protective equipment (PPE) that was not easily accessible, redundant, or improperly donned, doffed, or stored and specific challenges implementing IPC in specialty populations. The IPC assessments took ∼1 hour each and reached an estimated 4 times as many SNFs as on-site visits in a similar time frame.

Conclusions:

Remote IPC assessments by telephone and video were timely and feasible methods of assessing the extent to which IPC interventions had been implemented in a vulnerable setting and to disseminate real-time recommendations. Remote assessments are now being implemented across New York State and in various healthcare facility types. Similar methods have been adapted nationally by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Mothers had inadequate knowledge towards key essential nutrition action messages in mainly rural Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Gebremichael Bereket , Beletew Abate Biruk , Tesfaye Tewodros
Published: March 2021

Essential nutrition action (ENA) is one of the most effective preventive actions for combating nutritional problems in young children. There is, however, a paucity of evidence about mother's knowledge and attitude regarding key ENA messages. The objective of the present study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of mothers towards key ENA messages and associated factors. A representative sample of 563 mothers of children from birth up to 24 months in mainly rural North Ethiopia was included in the study. The findings showed that 66⋅4 % of the mothers have a good knowledge and 68⋅9 % have a good attitude. In the multivariable analysis using logistic regression, mothers who attended secondary school or higher education were six times more likely to have a good knowledge (AOR 6⋅1; CI 2⋅945, 12⋅719) compared with those who are illiterate. Besides, women who resided in an urban area (AOR 2⋅2; CI 1⋅14, 4⋅25), attended antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR 3⋅7; CI 2⋅421, 5⋅742), attended postnatal care (PNC) visits (AOR 2⋅2; CI 1⋅37, 3⋅4) and heard nutritional-related information (AOR 1⋅9; CI 1⋅14, 3⋅49) were found to have a good knowledge. On the other hand, mothers who attended ANC visits were almost four times (AOR 3⋅9; CI 2⋅7, 5⋅8) more likely to have a good attitude towards key ENA. Mothers who delivered at health institutions and who attended PNC visits were also more likely to have a good attitude. In conclusion, the present study determined the level of knowledge and attitudes of mothers about ENA and several factors that influence mother's knowledge and attitude regarding ENA.
Constitutional Reform and the Gender Diversification of Peak Courts
Authors: ARRINGTON NANCY , BASS LEEANN , GLYNN ADAM , STATON JEFFREY K. , DELGADO BRIAN , LINDBERG STAFFAN I.
Published: March 2021

Do the processes states use to select judges for peak courts influence gender diversity? Scholars have debated whether concentrating appointment power in a single individual or diffusing appointment power across many individuals best promotes gender diversification. Others have claimed that the precise structure of the process matters less than fundamental changes in the process. We clarify these theoretical mechanisms, derive testable implications concerning the appointment of the first woman to a state’s highest court, and then develop a matched-pair research design within a Rosenbaum permutation approach to observational studies. Using a global sample beginning in 1970, we find that constitutional change to the judicial selection process decreases the time until the appointment of the first woman justice. These results reflect claims that point to institutional disruptions as critical drivers of gender diversity on important political posts.
Factors affecting presence and relative abundance of the Endangered volcano rabbit Romerolagus diazi, a habitat specialist
Authors: Osuna Felipe , Guevara Roger , Martínez-Meyer Enrique , Alcalá Raúl , Espinosa de los Monteros Alejandro
Published: March 2021

Habitat specialists are particularly vulnerable to extinction when habitat conditions are altered. Information on the habitat use of such species is thus important because it provides insight into factors that influence distribution and abundance, which is crucial for conservation. Here, we aimed to identify factors that influence the patterns of presence and abundance of the Endangered volcano rabbit Romerolagus diazi, a rare leporid with a patchy distribution. Through exhaustive sampling of its range in the Sierra Chichinautzin and Sierra Nevada volcanic fields, Mexico, and using generalized linear models, we found that the probability of patch occupancy was higher where bunchgrass cover exceeded 75%, rock cover exceeded 5%, no cattle grazing was observed and human settlements were at least 7 km away. Patches with greater relative abundance were those with similar characteristics, but located at elevations > 3,600 m, and with rock cover < 15%. Cattle grazing was identified as a major threat to local populations of the volcano rabbit, particularly in the Sierra Chichinautzin. Because of the significance of bunchgrasses for this species, the protection of the mountain grasslands is required in both volcanic fields.
TWO STORIES, ONE FATE: AGE-HEAPING AND LITERACY IN SPAIN, 1877-1930
Authors: Beltrán Tapia Francisco J. , Díez-Minguela Alfonso , Martinez-Galarraga Julio , Tirado-Fabregat Daniel A.
Published: March 2021

This study looks at human capital in Spain during the early stages of modern economic growth. We have assembled a new dataset for age-heaping and literacy in Spain with information about men and women from six population censuses and forty-nine provinces between 1877 and 1930. Our results show that, although age-heaping was less prevalent during the second half of the 19th century than previously thought, it did not decline until the early 20th century. Given that literacy increased throughout the whole period, our study thus unveils stark differences between age-heaping and literacy, which raises further questions regarding sources, methods and interpretation.
The role and function of jazz competitions in Belgium, 1932–1939
Authors: Heyman Matthias
Published: March 2021

This article focuses on a series of regional, national and international jazz competitions organised by the Jazz Club de Belgique between 1932 and 1939. In the early 1930s, contests for amateur jazz bands began to emerge in various European countries such as the UK, the Netherlands, and Belgium. Using the Belgian competitions as a case study, this article demonstrates that these were instrumental in the development of certain local jazz scenes, not only by offering budding talents an opportunity to be discovered, but more importantly in establishing a much-needed network of amateur and professional musicians, intermediaries, critics and fans. Furthermore, the argument is made that these events foreshadowed the first European jazz festivals to appear in the 1950s. Overall, it aims to demonstrate that the jazz contest is a valuable yet under-researched site for the promotion, socialisation, mediation, dissemination and popularisation of this music.
The country and Irish problem
Authors: Erraught Stan
Published: March 2021

Country music has been popular in Ireland since the 1960s, most notably in the work of homegrown performers. Despite the durability of this appeal in the face of huge changes in Ireland and in the Irish music industry over a half-century, it remains curiously underexamined in the literature on Irish popular music. In this paper, I wish to argue the following:

(1)

Country music did not simply arise ‘naturally’ in Ireland as a reflection of musical or national characteristics: it was promoted as such.

(2)

Both popular and academic literature on the subject have tended to unreflectively echo the narrative that was introduced alongside the music in order to fix its audience.

(3)

In so doing, the literature reproduces a set of anxieties about modernity as it arrived in Ireland, about the postcolonial condition and about authenticity, even as it attempts to locate Irish popular music within these concerns.
When the dial goes Dylan: ‘premium’ radio, hybrid authenticity and Theme Time Radio Hour
Authors: Fauteux Brian
Published: March 2021

This article explores the construction of hybrid authenticity by Bob Dylan's Theme Time Radio Hour, an XM Radio programme that aired between 2006 and 2009. Dylan's foray into radio presents compelling questions about the role of his star image in advancing a corporate strategy of premium radio that requires subscription access. Through narration and curation, a performed freeform radio format and fragments of radio history, Dylan's celebrity, voice and status as a vehicle for understanding the ‘American song tradition’ are solidified within the context of subscription satellite radio. In advance of the dominance of subscription streaming listening that companies like Spotify are now known for, Dylan's radio programme and recorded music of this period contribute to XM Radio's efforts to distinguish the satellite service from ‘traditional’ commercial format radio and to entice music listeners to become subscribers.
Actants and Fault Lines: Janakaraliya and Theatre for Peace Building in Sri Lanka
Authors: DE MEL NELOUFER
Published: March 2021

This article provides a contextual analysis of Janakaraliya (‘Theatre of the People’), a theatre company acclaimed for its excellence in theatre for social justice and peace building in Sri Lanka. It discusses the governing conditions that enable its practice and evaluates its impact, whether this be the biopower of the state and non-state actors during periods of political violence, donor funding frameworks, or the Janakaraliya archive itself as an actant shaped by donor rationalities. Drawing on a recent research project entitled The Theatre of Reconciliation, the article builds an argument for changing the terms on which the arts in peace building are evaluated, and for a shift in the dominant narrative on Janakaraliya which collapses its sophisticated aesthetics to a binary of Sinhala–Tamil ethnic relations. The logic of this revision would be fuller acknowledgement of the troupe's aesthetic forms and styles as a more robust signifier of the pluralities that constitute Sri Lankan society today and therefore of post-war reconciliation itself.
Online Social Networking and Mental Health among Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chen Erica , Wood Devin , Ysseldyk Renate
Published: March 2021

As the number of older adults is expected to increase exponentially within the next few decades, loneliness, social isolation, and depression among seniors are growing public health concerns. Although formal treatment options, such as therapy and medication, can be helpful for depression, they can also be expensive and sometimes ineffective. It is therefore important to consider other potential treatment options and social interventions. Alternative methods for addressing mental health issues are especially important for older adults, as they may encounter barriers associated with aging such as limited mobility and decreased social networks. In these circumstances, online social networking may offer a potential “social cure” to alleviate loneliness, social isolation, and depression. The purpose of this scoping review was to gather and summarize the current literature on associations between online social networking and mental health outcomes (e.g., depression, life satisfaction, loneliness) among older adults. An initial search of 3,699 articles resulted in 52 articles that met criteria for inclusion. Five common themes were identified: (1) enhanced communication with family and friends, (2) greater independence and self-efficacy, (3) creation of online communities, (4) positive associations with well-being and life satisfaction, and (5) decreased depressive symptoms. Implications for older adults’ mental health, social connectedness, programs and policies are discussed.
Outcomes in hospitalisations of women with Turner syndrome compared to women without Turner syndrome
Authors: Singh Isani , Duca Lindsey M. , Kao David , Chatfield Kathryn C. , Khanna Amber D.
Published: March 2021

Objective:

To evaluate outcomes in patients with Turner Syndrome, especially those with cardiac conditions, compared to those without Turner syndrome.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study utilising hospitalisation data from 2006 to 2012. Conditional logistic regression models are used to analyse outcomes of interest: all-cause mortality, increased length of stay, and discharge to home.

Participants:

We identified 2978 women with Turner syndrome, matched to 11,912 controls by primary diagnosis.

Results:

Patients with Turner syndrome were more likely to experience inpatient mortality (odds ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval 1.02–2.02, p = 0.04) and increased length of stay (OR 1.31, CI 1.18–1.46, p = 0.03) than primary diagnosis matched controls, after adjusting for age, race, insurance status, and Charlson comorbidity index. Patients with Turner syndrome were 32% less likely to be discharged to home (OR 0.68, CI 0.60–0.78, p < 0.001). When restricting the sample of patients to those admitted with a cardiac diagnosis, the likelihood of mortality (OR 3.10, CI 1.27–7.57, p = 0.01) and prolonged length of stay (OR 1.42, CI 1.03–1.95, p = 0.03) further increased, while the likelihood of discharge to home further decreased (OR 0.55, CI 0.38–0.80, p = 0.001) in Turner syndrome compared to primary diagnosis matched controls. Specifically, patients with congenital heart disease were more likely to have prolonged length of stay (OR: 1.53, CI 1.18–2.00, p = 0.002), but not increased mortality or decreased discharge to home.

Conclusions:

Hospitalised women with Turner syndrome carry a higher risk of adverse outcomes even when presenting otherwise similarly as controls, an important consideration for those treating them in these settings.
Priming and persistence in bilinguals: What codeswitching tells us about lexical priming in sentential contexts*
Authors: Johns Michael A. , Rodrigo Laura , Guzzardo Tamargo Rosa E. , Winneg Aliza , Dussias Paola E.
Published: March 2021

Most studies on lexical priming have examined single words presented in isolation, despite language users rarely encountering words in such cases. The present study builds upon this by examining both within-language identity priming and across-language translation priming in sentential contexts. Highly proficient Spanish–English bilinguals read sentence-question pairs, where the sentence contained the prime and the question contained the target. At earlier stages of processing, we find evidence only of within-language identity priming; at later stages of processing, however, across-language translation priming surfaces, and becomes as strong as within-language identity priming. Increasing the time between the prime sentence and target question results in strengthened priming at the latest stages of processing. These results replicate previous findings at the single-word level but do so within sentential contexts, which has implications both for accounts of priming via automatic spreading activation as well as for accounts of persistence attested in spontaneous speech corpora.