bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alabama
Authors: Hill Brandt
Published: February 2021

This case reviewed and conclusively determined the proper venue in which to file appeals from decisions by the Alabama Surface Mining Commission (the “Commission”). The Commission issued a surface-coal-mining permit to Black Warrior Minerals, Inc. (“Black Warrior”), allowing Black Warrior to mine land in northern Jefferson County, Alabama. In response, three. individuals who owned property nearby appealed the permit’s issuance with the Commission’s Department of Hearings and Appeals, and a hearing officer affirmed the issuance. The property owners then petitioned the Commission for review of the officer’s decision, but their petition was never taken up and thus was denied by operation of law.
Ohio
Authors: Watts Gregory W.
Published: February 2021

In recent years, as a result of Ohio’s Utica shale boom, Ohio courts have confronted the issue of how to apply the Ohio Marketable Title Act. As with many statutes, there are generally two questions to answer: (1) does the particular statute apply to the particular facts of the case? and (2) if the statute applies in the first instance, how does a court apply the statute to the particular facts of the case?
Wyoming
Authors: Eggers Walter F.
Published: February 2021

Wyoming currently ranks eighth nationally in both crude oil and natural gas production. In 2018, Wyoming produced 87.9 million barrels of crude oil, up from 75.7 million barrels in 2017. Wyoming produced 1.81 billion MCF (thousand cubic feet) of natural gas, increasing from 1.80 billion MCF produced in 2017.
California
Authors: Baker Joshua L.
Published: February 2021

Although California continues to transition away from its historical status as one of the nation’s most important oil and gas-producing states, California is still among the top-ten states in oil production and produces a significant amount of natural gas. California has a long history of oil and gas exploration, production, refinement, and marketing, and as a result, well-established common law principles and statutory and regulatory laws are in place that govern all facets of the industry. The following update summarizes key changes in California oil and gas law for the survey period from January 1, 2019 to October 15, 2019.
Modalities, Challenges, and Possibilities
Authors: Yu Peter K.
Published: February 2021

On October 25, 2019, the Texas A&M Journal of Property Law and the Center for Law and Intellectual Property at Texas A&M University School of Law jointly organized the “Pharmaceutical Innovation, Patent Protection, and Regulatory Exclusivities” Symposium. Although none of the organizers and participants could predict what was to come in the next few months, there was a wide consensus that the rapid changes in the pharmaceutical landscape and our continuous struggle to strike a proper balance between proprietary protection and public access in the public health arena deserves scholarly, policy, and regulatory attention.

To help contextualize the articles included in this special issue and to inform readers about the inspirations and motivations behind the Symposium, Part II of this Introductory Article explores the different modalities of protection—in particular the role of patents and regulatory exclusivities in providing the needed incentives to pharmaceutical developers. Part III identifies three sets of challenges that affect the future of pharmaceutical innovation at both the domestic and international levels. Part IV utilizes a very recent event—the COVID-19 pandemic—to illustrate the wide array of policy options and possibilities both within and outside the intellectual property system. This Part makes salient the nexus between the domestic and international debates on pharmaceutical innovation.
Is Biopharma Ready for the Standard Wars?
Authors: Contreras Jorge L.
Published: February 2021

This symposium contribution sheds new light on Momenta v. Amphastar, a case in which issues relating to standardization and patent disclosure that have previously been observed in the semiconductor, computing, and telecommunications sectors found their way into a dispute between two biosimilar manufacturers. One such manufacturer, Momenta, participated in the development of a standard for testing the purity of generic enoxaparin under the auspices of the United States Pharmacopeial Convention but failed to disclose that it had applied for a patent on the testing method. When Momenta later sued Amphastar for patent infringement by using the method in accordance with the FDA’s approval of its own generic version of enoxaparin, Amphastar raised waiver and equitable estoppel as defenses, then brought antitrust claims against Momenta and its distribution partner Sandoz. Amphastar prevailed at the district court, obtaining a ruling that Momenta’s patent was unenforceable. This case demonstrates that issues surrounding the acquisition and disclosure of patents on standardized technologies have more salience in the biopharma sector than commonly believed. As such, standards organizations operating in this sector should ensure that their policies and procedures are robust enough to delineate clearly the obligations of participants with respect to patents covering standardized technologies, and organizations that participate in biopharma standards-development should heed the valuable lessons offered by more than three decades of litigation and policy making in the technology sector.
Imperativ Ponovne Integracije: Djeca Povratnici Na Zapadnom Balkanu
Authors: Shtuni Adrian
Published: February 2021

[Montenegrin] Od 2012. godine, 1070 državljana zemalja Zapadnog Balkana otišlo je da živi i bori se na teritorijama pod kontrolom terorističkih organizacija u Siriji i Iraku. Oko 200 njih su bili maloljetni u vrijeme odlaska. Tokom godina, u sirijskom i iračkom teatru sukoba rođeno je još mnogo djece čiji su roditelji državljani Zapadnog Balkana. Do kraja 2019. godine, oko 485 osoba se vratilo kući, što Zapadni Balkan čini regionom sa najvećom koncentracijom povratnika iz Sirije i Iraka u Evropi. Još stotine, uglavnom maloljetnika, ostaju zarobljeni u nesigurnim uslovima u Siriji, sa neizvjesnim izgledima za repatrijaciju. Brojne zemlje se bore sa tim šta da rade sa državljanima koji su otišli da žive i bore se u takozvanom „kalifatu“ Islamske države (IS). Međutim, iskustvo i razumijevanje onoga što omogućava efikasno angažovanje u pogledu povratnika iz Sirije, naročito djece povratnika, u ranoj je fazi. Ova napomena o politici pruža preporuke o načinima za pristupanje rehabilitaciji i reintegraciji (R&R) djece povratnika na Zapadni Balkan, kombinujući novonastale dobre prakse sa vodećim principima konvencija, sporazuma i protokola usmjerenih na prava djece.
Ekstremizmi Online: Sfidat dhe Mundësitë në Ballkanin Perëndimor
Authors: Comerford Milo , Dukic Simeon
Published: February 2021

Ballkani Perëndimor përballet me një sfidë të dyfishtë si pasojë e ekstremizmit online. Platformat online po lehtësojnë shënjestrimin specifik të rajonit nga narrativa të ndryshme ekstremiste ndërkombëtare. Ndërkohë, historia dhe gjeopolitika rajonale po përvetësohen për të justifikuar veprimet dhe narrativat ekstremiste në mbarë botën. Sidoqoftë, ky fenomen është pjesë e një tendence më të gjerë, e cila vë në dukje sfidën gjithnjë e më të madhe që paraqet përhapja e ideologjive ekstremiste transkombëtare në platformat online, si ato xhihadiste të dhunshme ashtu edhe ato të ekstremit të djathtë. Në Ballkanin Perëndimor, kjo paraqet një sërë rreziqesh specifike.
Fluoxetine-Induced Reversible Galactorrhea and Hyperprolactinemia: A Case Report
Authors: ÖRÜM Mehmet Hamdi
Published: February 2021

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors can lead to increased prolactin levels and galactorrhea. Herein, we reported a 40-year-old female patient who developed galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia two weeks after initiation of fluoxetine 20 mg/day. Galactorrhea was discontinued after the fifth week of fluoxetine withdrawal and prolactin levels reached normal limits. The patient's depressive symptoms disappeared with citalopram 40 mg/day and no similar side effects were observed during follow-up. Clinicians should be aware of the hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea adverse effects of fluoxetine.
Meme Kanseri Cerrahisinde Metilen Mavisi Düşündüğümüz Kadar Masum Mu?
Authors: ERÖZGEN Fazilet , CANTÜRK Alp Ömer , İKİZCELİ Türkan
Published: February 2021

Meme kanseri cerrahisinde aksiller durumu belirlemekte metilen mavisi dünyada yaygın olarak kullanılan güvenli bir yöntemdir. Aksilla değerlendirilirken metilen mavisi işaretlemesi sonrası sentinel lenf nodu incelenmesi önerilen bir yaklaşımdır. Metilen mavisinin meme cerrahisinde aksiller durumu tespit etmede hem ucuz hem de efektif bir yöntemdir. Az da olsa risk içermektedir. Hatta bazı durumlarda tekrarlayan cerrahi girişimler gerektirecek ciddi sonuçlara yol açabilmektedir. Bazen ciddi nekrozlara bazen ise yara yerinde eritem ve enfeksiyona yol açabilmektedir. Bu yönüyle metilen mavisinin sadece mortaliteye yol açmayan komplikasyonlara neden olmakta kalmayıp, bazen de kozmetik kötü sonuçlara yol açabilmektedir.

Haseki Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde 2015-2020 yılları arasında meme kanseri cerrahisi operasyonu geçirmiş olan 682 hastamız derlendi. Bu operayonların 372’sinde sentinel lenf nodu örneklemesi gerekmiştir. Bu yazıda aksiller sentinel lenf nodu örneklemesi esnasında kullanılan metilen mavisinin sonucunda gelişmiş 2 adet komplikasyonu sunuldu.
DOES FOREST DISTURBANCE MATTER TO CLIMATE DEGRADATION? EVIDENCE FROM TOP ASIAN ECONOMIES
Authors: Haseeb Muhammad , Staniewski Marcin , Mihardjo Leonardus Wahyu Wasono , Awruk Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between forestry and climate degradation in the modern era. Specifically, the study aimed to examine how forest areas are influencing environmental degradation. Given the inevitable link between forests and carbon dioxide (CO2), the current study focused on examining the impact of changes in forestry on the levels of CO2 emissions in top Asian economies, including China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. To this end, the current study was quantitative in nature and utilized advanced methodology such as econometrics of quantile-on-quantile (Q-Q) regression to investigate the forests-environmental degradation link. In particular, we examined the effect of quantiles of forest areas on the quantile of climate change in top Asian economies using the time series data from 1990 to 2018. The findings confirmed that forest areas have a negative and significant impact on climate degradation in the majority of the groups of quantiles for all countries. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of forests in controlling environmental degradation in Asian economies. Lastly, the study recommends the respective government bodies to intervene and provide assistance in environmental initiatives to improve forestry levels.
Impact of Knowledge and Attitude on Saudis’ Physical Activity Practice and Inactivity Barriers: A Questionnaire-based Study
Authors: Albalawi Naif , Alshehri Moath M. , Al-ghamdi Moshari A. , Alshehri Mohammed A. , Abdel-Maksoud Mohamed S. , Al-Gayyar Mohammed M. H.
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Community participation in physical activity is considered a major public health preference of WHO. Saudi Arabia in the last decades faced many tremendous economic changes leading to adoption of western dietary habits associated with sedentary lifestyle.
AIM: We aimed to study the relationship between both physical activity knowledge and attitude of community to the practice of individuals.
METHODS: We used a questionnaire consists of a mixture of closed-ended questions. Participants were recruited through direct meetings in local markets, schools, and workplaces. Seven hundred and sixty six individuals agreed to participate.
RESULTS: Overall correct answers to questions about importance of physical activity were 76.58%. The predominance of participants’ attitude was to establish public places for physical activity in each neighborhood (92.1%). Participants acknowledged that they exercise to improve their health (47.5%). Participants mainly perform light exercises (47.2%) on basis of 1–3 times weekly (48.9%). About 90.8% of participants admitted that they like to increase duration of their physical activity.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall physical activity practice of participants’ needs encourage overcoming obstacles that prevent individuals from practicing especially lack of time.
A Case of Seronegative Pulmonary-renal Syndrome: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge
Authors: Muharremi Shkelqim , Poposki Aleksandar , Kovaceska Vangelka , Tozija Liljana , Petrusevska Gordana , Gerasimovska Biljana , Bexheti Blerim , Gjorgjievski Nikola , Janevski Zoran , Saidi Muhamed , Spasovska Adrijana , Poposka Bojana , Selim Gjulsen
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary renal syndrome (PRS) is not a single entity but is caused by varied etiologies, including anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), associated small vessel vasculitis (such as Wegener’s granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, and Churg-Strauss vasculitis), Goodpasture’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, cryoglobulinemia, and rare causes such as druginduced vasculitis and subacute endocarditis.
CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 51-year-old man who was referred to our hospital with a 2-month history of breathing difficulties, mild hemoptysis, and deteriorated renal function with a serum creatinine of 269 μmol/L. Serological testing was negative for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) and anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody, and also all cultures, including blood and urine, remained negative. In the renal biopsy, not linear deposition of IgG along the GBM and crescents at varying stages with extracapillary glomerulonephritis emphasizes the possibility of a double-seronegative pulmonary renal syndrome. Regarding therapeutic dilemmas, on the 3rd day of hospitalization, we initiated immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids as well as plasma exchange (5 treatments). Under immunosuppressive therapy and plasma exchange, the patient’s status continually improved; there was no pulmonary bleeding, but the serum creatinine remained high and renal function remained in stage 4 chronic kidney disease. Four weeks later, he was hospitalized again, and we faced a new therapeutic dilemma because of the rapid relapse during immunosuppressive therapy and renal function deterioration that required hemodialysis treatment. Despite repeatedly negative results for anti-GBM and ANCA, initial immunosuppressive therapy with plasma exchange (9 treatments) was included again. The patient was discharged 30 days after admission in a stable general condition, with the maintenance immunosuppressive therapy with mycophenolate mofetil and hemodialysis 3 times/week. After 24 months, we have received information from the hemodialysis center that he is on regular hemodialysis and that he is in good condition.
CONCLUSION: We think that in this atypical case, intensive plasma exchange and immunosuppressive therapy are crucial in the early stage and maintenance therapy is necessary for vasculitis in remission. This reported case has important clinical implications because pulmonary-renal syndrome with negative ANCAs and anti-GBM antibodies is extremely rare and no treatment recommendations have been established yet.
Clinical Application Prospect of Human Synovial Tissue Stem Cells from Osteoarthritis Grade IV Patients in Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Rahmadian Rizki , Adly Marlina , Dilogo Ismail Hadisoebroto , Revilla Gusti
Published: February 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint problem that continues to increase in prevalence as life expectancy increases. OA can affect any joint, especially those that support body weight such as the knee and hip joint. Although both primary and secondary OA have the same clinical symptoms, it can be caused by different etiologies. OA is no longer considered a degenerative disease, although age is still a major factor. Various attempts have been made to regenerate joint cartilage damaged by OA. The use of stem cells in OA therapy is a very promising opportunity. Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells and are multipotent to differentiate into specific cells. In principle, local stem cells are the best source of stem cells to regenerate the surrounding tissue. The synovial membrane is a tissue in the joint that can regenerate. After synovectomy surgery, repair, and growth of synovial tissue occur rapidly. Synovial tissue as a source of stem cells only provides a limited amount. One source of synovial tissue that can be used is tissue taken from the total knee replacement process in grade 4 OA patients. However, it is necessary to prove the potential of synovial tissue stem cells originating from old-age donors.
De l’éducation des élèves présentant un polyhandicap (PIMD)
Authors: Maes Bea , Penne Anneleen , Vastmans Katrijn
Published: February 2021

Selon la Convention des Nations unies relative aux droits des personnes handicapées (2006), chaque enfant a le droit de recevoir une éducation. L’éducation des enfants en âge d’aller à l’école et présentant un polyhandicap (en anglais Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities – PIMD) reste toutefois problématique. Cet article présente un modèle heuristique susceptible de renseigner la participation et le potentiel d’apprentissage de ces élèves. Ce modèle comprend les variables concernant les entrées ( input ), le processus ( process ), les résultats ( outcome ) et un contexte. Il peut servir de ligne directrice aux enseignants, à d’autres professionnels et aux dirigeants d’établissements scolaires pour analyser et adapter le cadre pédagogique afin de répondre au mieux aux besoins éducatifs particuliers des élèves polyhandicapés.
Inequalities, social justice and the web of social interactions
Authors: Fleurbaey Marc
Published: February 2021

L’analyse empirique des inégalités porte en général sur les ressources, tandis que les théories philosophiques de la justice se divisent entre celles qui se concentrent sur les ressources et les opportunités, d’un côté, et celles qui se focalisent sur les relations sociales, de l’autre. Cet article propose une représentation de la société qui intègre à la fois les ressources et les relations sociales au sein d’un réseau d’interactions sociales qui déterminent dans quelle mesure les individus s’épanouissent ou non au cours de leur vie. Cette représentation invite à repenser l’analyse des inégalités et de la justice sociale, et suggère qu’il est possible d’identifier des tensions et des synergies entre les différentes composantes du réseau social.
Arthroscopic Superior Capsular Reconstruction for Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: A Simple Alternative Technique
Authors: Elmorsy Sameh , Tang Quen O. , Tayyem Mohammed , Amirthanayagam Tressa , Ravenscroft Matt , Makki Daoud
Published: February 2021

The use of acellular dermal allograft in arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction is a promising treatment option for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears. However, indications are limited to a subset of patients, so it is not routinely performed. Therefore, the surgery is technically demanding, although it has evolved in recent years. The authors present a simple alternative technique that addresses common pitfalls. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(3):e458–e462.]
A novel hybrid AGWO-PSO algorithm in mitigation of power network oscillations with STATCOM
Authors: Devarapalli Ramesh , Bhattacharyya Biplab
Published: February 2021

The assimilation of flexible AC transmission (FACTS) controllers to the existing power network outweigh the numerous alternatives in enhancing the damping behavior for the inter-area /intra-area system oscillations of a power network. This paper provides a rigorous analysis in damping of oscillations in a power network. It utilizes a shunt connected voltage source converter (VSC) based FACTS device to enhance the system operating characteristics. A comprehensive system mathematical modelling has been developed for demonstrating the system behavior under different loading conditions. A novel hybrid augmented grey wolf optimization-particle swarm optimization (AGWO-PSO) is proposed for the coordinated design of controllers static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and power system stabilizers (PSSs). A multi-objective function, comprising damping ratio improvement and drifting the real part to the left-hand side of S-plane of the system poles, has been developed to achieve the objective and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms have been analyzed by monitoring the system performance under different loading conditions. Eigenvalue analysis and damping nature of the system states under perturbation have been presented for the proposed algorithms under different loading conditions, and the performance evaluation of the proposed algorithms have been done by means of time of execution and the convergence characteristics.
Monopolistic Business Practices
Authors: Rahman Md.Jahidur , Marjerison Rob Kim
Published: February 2021

Monopolistic business practices result is a situation that, while it creates a unique set of challenges, can also be a compelling opportunity for new ventures to enter the market. This chapter aims to explore the market conditions that enable and encourage monopolistic behavior, specifically in the accounting and audit services sector. The big four auditing firms, as industry leaders, have been identified as creating monopolistic market conditions. The integrated literature review approach is used to explore the existing research on the topic. Findings indicate that there are three causes of monopolies in this sector: partner's compensation, revenue-generating purpose, and better auditing service and disclosure advice compared to other companies. The influence of the increasing prices in the audit industry and fraud are included in the work. The chapter contributes to the body of knowledge related to an understanding of how monopolies can occur, and how new ventures can seek to enter into competition with those firms.
Contracting Dynamics in Acquiring or Awarding Decisions for Projects and Tenders
Authors: Elbardiny Mohamad Raafat
Published: February 2021

The construction sector is large; it engages a variety of professions thus it is a main provider of employment and has a diverse market. The construction sector has a reputation for being conservative, problematic, and inefficient. This should change as we are moving toward industry 4.0 and smart cities that is injecting new tools and business dynamics. This chapter is trying to find methodologies to make an equilibrium between value produced by the contract, the flexibility of contract terms and contracting conditions thus contractors can be controlled in a reasonable matter. We are in here applying concepts and techniques from statics science and structural engineering to calculate PORD or PRCD (the Percentage Profit On Realistic Cashflow Duration) as a new financial modeling parameter that can help financial planners and decision makers to take more realistic decision. This parameter can be used jointly with other financial parameters such as ROI, IRR and NPV.
Leading Through a Crisis
Authors: Piorun Mary , Raboin Regina Fisher , Kilham Jessica , Meacham Martha , Okyere Vivian
Published: February 2021

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Lamar Soutter Library was faced with moving off campus and into a remote work environment. As the crisis unfolded, it was critical for staff to experience a unified leadership team that was dedicated to their well-being, empathetic to the unprecedented situation, and committed to providing exceptional service. At that time, library leaders made a conscious decision to apply the principles of servant leadership as the framework for how, as a team, the library would see its way through the pandemic. What follows is a case study in the application of servant leadership in an academic health sciences library during the COVID-19 crisis.
Measures and Initiatives Adopted by Indian University Libraries During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Vaidya Priya , Ali P. M. Naushad
Published: February 2021

In times of global health emergency and nation-wide lockdown due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the smooth functioning of the academic system has been poorly affected or suspended in India from the middle of March 2020. However, the entire operations of libraries are compensating with the applications of information and communication technologies (ICTs). In this chapter, the authors adopted the mixed-method approach, which brings out the methods, policies initiated by libraries in 'new normal', and to know the status of library operations during the lockdown. Authors mapped out the experiences of professionals during 'work from home'. Findings of the chapter show that the libraries are struggling to sustain their services to cater to the needs of the university students whose academics has been shoddily affected. Further, it reveals that majority of the respondents have adopted unique initiatives and precautionary measures in the 'new normal'. The librarians call themselves 'information warriors' which showed an optimistic attitude while struggling in an unprecedented situation.
Automated Detection of SQL Injection Attack on Blockchain-Based Database
Authors: Sinha Keshav , Keshari Amit Kumar
Published: February 2021

In the era of computing, where the data are stored in a cloud or distributed environment, the privacy of data is one of the challenging tasks. The attacks like denial of service attacks (DoS), insider attack compromised the security of the system. In this chapter, the authors discussed a blockchain-based database, where data are encrypted and stored. The Web API is used as an interface for the storage and sharing of data in the blockchain system. There are several types of attacks that are performed by the adversary on the database to destroy the vulnerability of the system. Here, the authors are mainly focused on the SQL injection attack which is performed by the adversary on Web API. To cope with this problem, they present the case study based on the Snort and Moloch for automated detection of SQL attack, network analysis, and testing of the system.
Military Enterprises and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Ojo Sanya
Published: February 2021

The main aim of this chapter is to advance a structure for understanding the notion of military-run enterprise/entrepreneurship. The chapter appraises the macro-level of military entrepreneurship rather than the micro-level (e.g., veteran, military families, or military intrapreneurs) to uncover the paradoxes underpinning this genre of military entrepreneurship. Through a critical review of literature, the presence of “extrepreneurship,” which represents a crossbreed idea located between the concepts of entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship, is revealed. Extrepreneurs manage/operate for-profit spin-off organizations on behalf of their non-profit parent organizations to generate incomes/profits, among other requirements.
Military Enterprise and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Ojo Sanya , Fakokunde Mogbekeloluwa Oluyinka
Published: February 2021

The chapter investigates military enterprise and entrepreneurship through the prism of the Nigerian Armed Forces Resettlement Centre, Lagos. Through a mixed methodology, the chapter unveils innovative schemes and entrepreneurship culture in the centre. However, some tension exists between the military culture and entrepreneurship culture at the centre. Suggestions are offered to improve on the centre's service delivery. Generally, there is a need for NAFRC to further enhance its dynamic collaborative efforts, involve more in skills mapping of both its trainers and trainees, boost its mentoring capacity, and provide employment support through rigorous articulation of the value of retired military personnel to potential employers or funders. It is also suggested that NAFRC should liaise with other relevant stakeholders to support projects that deliver long-term solutions to the challenges faced by the retired military personnel community. The combination of all these activities will enable NAFRC to realise its vision and mission.
Nigerian Defence Academy and Military Entrepreneurship
Authors: Audu Bem Japhet , Danga Jamiu Yusuf
Published: February 2021

This chapter specifically focuses on military entrepreneurship to explore the entrepreneurial activities of Nigerian Defence Academy Consult Ltd, focusing on problems and prospects of military institutions in Nigeria as spaces for entrepreneurial activities. By blending research on recent literature on military entrepreneurship, the chapter draws upon data from NDA Consult Ltd and interviews from consumers of NDA consult products. It is the case that military institutions are setting up various ventures through the incorporation of companies, and this has broad implications for military professionalism.
Quantum Cryptography
Authors: Lakshmi S. Venkata , Krishnamoorthy Sujatha , Khan Mudassir , Kumar Neeraj , Sahni Varsha
Published: February 2021

Cryptography is used for the secure communication in which two parties are involved. The most popular cryptographic issue is the transmission of confidential messages. The privacy is maintained using the cryptographic protocol. The security of quantum cryptography relies more on physics including quantum mechanics and statistics rather than on solving mathematical problems. A well-known application of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution (QKD) that is used to establish communication by generating cryptographic keys. Moreover, it is based on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle that ensures the security and prevents from eavesdropping. Basically, quantum cryptography with faint laser pulses, polarization coding, phase coding, and frequency coding have been discussed.
Recent Progress in Quantum Machine Learning
Authors: Bhatia Amandeep Singh , Wong Renata
Published: February 2021

Quantum computing is a new exciting field which can be exploited to great speed and innovation in machine learning and artificial intelligence. Quantum machine learning at crossroads explores the interaction between quantum computing and machine learning, supplementing each other to create models and also to accelerate existing machine learning models predicting better and accurate classifications. The main purpose is to explore methods, concepts, theories, and algorithms that focus and utilize quantum computing features such as superposition and entanglement to enhance the abilities of machine learning computations enormously faster. It is a natural goal to study the present and future quantum technologies with machine learning that can enhance the existing classical algorithms. The objective of this chapter is to facilitate the reader to grasp the key components involved in the field to be able to understand the essentialities of the subject and thus can compare computations of quantum computing with its counterpart classical machine learning algorithms.
Green IoT (G-IoT) Ecosystem for Smart Cities
Authors: Ponnusamy Vasaki , Sharma Bobby , Nadeem Waqas , Hock Guan Goh , Jhanjhi N. Z.
Published: February 2021

We are in the era of Industry 4.0 with the world going towards everything, everywhere, and anytime with “things” being enablers of technology. Our world is becoming smarter with everything (mobile phones, cars, TVs) connected to each, having unique addresses and communication mechanisms. It is foreseen that by 2025 every little thing, like pen, paper, food packages, etc., would be operated over the internet by internet of things (IoT) towards a smarter world. However, in order to enable the smart world to be sustainable, IoT should be embarking into energy efficient (green) paradigms. Since IoT is also a key enabler for smart cities, a green-aware design of smart cities could see a potential to create a green IoT ecosystem for smart cities. This ecosystem would comprise the green IoT lifecycle, the six pillars of smart cities, and focusing on the green infrastructure, green applications, and green energy. This conceptual study would motivate researchers embarking into smart city projects and keeping green concepts intact in their design and implementations.
Accounting Conservatism and Corporate Governance: Firm-Level Evidence From Turkey
Authors: Özcan Ahmet
Published: February 2021

In this chapter, the impacts of corporate governance mechanisms on accounting conservatism are examined by using a sample that includes 85 non-financial firms quoted in Borsa Istanbul during the years of 2013 to 2018. The results of empirical analysis indicate that board size, board independency, institutional ownership, and firm size are positively related with accounting conservatism. However, leverage is negatively related with accounting conservatism, while there is no statistically significant association between CEO duality and accounting conservatism. This chapter contributes to limited literature on the association between accounting conservatism practices and corporate governance in the emerging market.
Impact of Advanced Technologies on Consumer Finance and Retail Investment
Authors: Nourallah Mustafa , Öhman Peter
Published: February 2021

This chapter sheds light on two advanced technologies related to consumer finance and retail investment. The chapter discusses the importance of mobile bank applications and robo financial advisors as well as loyalty and initial trust among young bank customers and young retail investors, respectively. It also highlights some public statistics from Sweden and Malaysia, two countries representing FinTech hubs, to illustrate the development of FinTech solutions. The chapter emphasises proposals for a continued direction for research.
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Digital Business Sector
Authors: Tehseen Shahnaz , Muneeb Dilnaz , Mahmoud Ali B. , Hack-Polay Dieu , Yeong Hui Yan , Nawaz Faisal
Published: February 2021

The chapter is a systematic literature review of fundamental theories about small and medium business (SME) success. The chapter examines how they specifically impact digital SMEs. The chapter examined six theories: dynamic capability view (DCV), composition-based view of firm growth (CBV), resource-based view (RBV), resource dependence theory (RDT), upper echelon theory (UET), strategic contingency theory (SCT). The results showed that RBV, DCV, and UET become relevant in articulating the value inherent to the internal resources in SMEs (which render their capabilities dynamic). In contrast, the SCT framework and the RDT model show more significance in relation to uncertainty and contingency. CBV was found to be a more pertinent framework to predict the success of SMEs. The results support CBV's hypothesis that SMEs (including digital SMEs) are able to be competitive without extensive resource advantage, too complicated technologies, or market power. The increased deployment of CBV can be advocated as a critical determinant of digital SME success.
Impact of Information and Communication Readiness on the Tourism Industry
Authors: Lin Woon Leong , Song Bee Lian
Published: February 2021

This study examines the impact of ICT readiness on the tourism industry and how it leads to growing competitiveness by deploying three-panel data analysis techniques (pooled OLS, fixed effects, dynamic GMM) with 177 nations for the period 2011 to 2019. ICT readiness is gauged using the World Economic Forum's Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index, whereas tourism's contribution towards economic progress is gauged by overall international traveler arrival. The observations indicate that ICT readiness causes a statistically significant effect on tourism's role in economic progress. Tourism policy effects and guidelines for future works are discussed as well.
Exploring the Potential of an Extensible Domain-Specific Web Corpus for “Layfication”
Authors: Santini Marina , Shih Min-Chun
Published: February 2021

This article presents experiments based on the extensible domain-specific web corpus for “layfication”. For these experiments, both the existing layfication corpus (in Swedish and in English) and a new addition in English (the NHS-PubMed subcorpus) are used. With this extended corpus, methods to classify lay-specialized medical sublanguages cross-linguistically using small data and noisy web documents are investigated. Sublanguage is a language variety used in specific domains. Here, the authors focus on two medical sublanguages, namely the “patientspeak” (lay) and the medical jargon (specialized). Cross-lingual sublanguage classification is still largely underexplored although it can be crucial in downstream applications for digital health and cyber-physical systems. Classification models are built using small and noisy training sets in Swedish and evaluated on English test sets. The performance of Naive Bayes classifiers—built with stopwords and with Bag-of-Words—is compared with convolutional neural network classifiers leveraging on MUSE multi-lingual word embeddings. Results are promising and nuanced. These results are proposed as a first baseline for cross-lingual sublanguage classification.
A Low-Cost Experimental Testbed for Energy-Saving HVAC Control Based on Human Behavior Monitoring
Authors: Ye Zhijing , Hu Fei , Zhang Lin , Chu Zhe , O'Neill Zheng
Published: February 2021

Heating, ventilation, and cooling (HVAC) is the largest source of residential energy consumption. Occupancy sensors' data can be used for HVAC control since they indicate the number of people in the building. HVAC/sensor interactions show the essential features of a typical cyber-physical system (CPS). However, there are communication protocol incompatibility issues in the CPS interface between the sensors and the building HVAC server. Through either wired or wireless communication links, the server always needs to understand the communication schedule to receive occupant values from sensors. This paper proposes two hardware-based emulators to investigate the use of wired/wireless communication interfaces for occupancy sensor-based building CPS control. The interaction scheme between sensors and HVAC server will be discussed. The authors have built two hardware/software emulation platforms to investigate the sensor/HVAC integration strategies. The first emulator demonstrates the residential building's energy control by using sensors and Raspberry pi boards to emulate the functions/responses of a static thermostat. In this case, room HVAC temperature settings could be changed in real-time with a high resolution based on the collected sensor data. The second emulator is built to show the energy control in commercial building by transmitting the sensor data and control signals via BACnet in HVAC system. Both emulators discussed above are portable (i.e., all hardware units can be easily taken to a new place) and have extremely low cost. This research tests the whole system with YABE (Yet Another BACnet Explorer) and WebCTRL.
Key Factors for Green IS Acceptance in Banking Segment
Authors: Singh Monika , Sahu Ganesh P.
Published: February 2021

Almost all service organizations are now well aware about global warming and advantages of green information systems (Green IS) in order to gain social and economic profit at the cost of no harmful effect on environment. Recurrent annotations in the literature have explored that for successful Green IS adoption certain keys factors are required to be considered and followed in various organizations. This paper reviews, analyzes, and corroborates 11 key factors empirically that are accountable for successful adoption of Green IS and performance improvement achievement of banking segments with special reference to the banks positioned at Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Eleven key factors are identified via in-depth literature review and examined using UTAUT2 and T-O-E models. Analysis of Moment Structure 21.0-Structural Equation Modeling tool is used in the study for data analysis and corroboration. The study will enrich the literature review in this field; also, it will be helpful to the decision makers and practitioners in different segments for successful adoption of Green IS in organizations.
Efficient Local Cloud-Based Solution for Diabetic Retinopathy Detection
Authors: Pruthviraja Dayananda , Anil B. C.  , Sowmyarani C. N.
Published: February 2021

Damage of blood vessels in retina due to diabetes is known as diabetic retinopathy. It is one of the one of the important origins of blindness for adults. Loss of vision can be avoided by detecting damage of retina (leaking fluid or blood). Efficient local cloud-based solution for diabetic retinopathy detection is designed in the work, where convolution neural network is used for training and classification module and achieved an accuracy of 86% using kappa metric. Fundus images are used for training and classification. System network architecture is derived from VGGNet. Network is trained using 80,000 images. Since everything is automated, a doctor is only required for treatment, not for diagnosis.
On Elastic Incentives for Blockchain Oracles
Authors: Murimi Renita M. , Wang Grace Guiling
Published: February 2021

A fundamental open question for oracles in blockchain environments is a determination of the amount of trust to be placed in the oracle. Oracles serve as intermediaries between a trusted blockchain environment and the untrusted external environment from where the oracles fetch data. As such, it is important to understand the uncertainty introduced by the oracle in the trusted blockchain environment and the implications of this uncertainty on blockchain performance. This paper develops a model for commoditization of trust. The model provides for dynamic trust environments that incorporates oracle selfishness. The work also considers the equilibrium behavior for the demand and supply for trust and introduces elastic incentives for increasing the trust. These results are used to determine optimum size of the network that can be served by an oracle with varying degrees of selfishness. Key consequences and challenges of incorporating oracles in trusted distributed ledger environments are presented.
Impact of National Culture on E-Government Development
Authors: Kumar Sushant , Baishya Kuldeep , Sreen Naman , Sadarangani Pradip H. , Samalia Harsh Vardhan
Published: February 2021

E-government has become a growth engine for government. Despite splendid progress in information and communication technologies, e-government is developing at a slow pace. This study aims to examine the cultural factors responsible for e-government development. Drawing from customer focus theory and cultural theory, the study explores the relationship between the dimensions of national culture and e-government development. The study uses panel data of e-government development and per capita GDP from 2008 to 2018 of 78 countries to examine the relationship. The result shows that cultural dimensions and per capita GDP are significant predictors of e-government development. Per capita GDP, when examined with cultural dimensions, namely power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation, shows interactive effects on e-government development. This study contributes to the literature of e-government, the customer focus theory, and cultural theory. The paper also presents the practical implications of findings that are relevant to the policymakers and governments.
Social Networking Services and Social Trust in Social Commerce
Authors: Sohaib Osama
Published: February 2021

This study researches the mediating consequence of social trust (identification-based trust and information-based trust) on the relationship between social networking services (SNS) use and social commerce intention. The study also explores whether and how gender differences impact the use of SNS on endogenous constructs. The proposed research model is empirically examined using a sample of 170 consumers who have had a prior online shopping experience. The statistical analysis employs partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) methods such as PLS algorithm, model assessments, PLS predict, PLS goodness-of-fit, invariance assessment and multi-group analysis, and importance-performance map analysis. The study provides empirical insights into the effects of SNS on social trust towards s-commerce intention. Also, men and woman consumers are found to exhibit different emphases in using SNS to trust the s-commerce.
A Cross-National Study on the Perception of Algorithm News in the East and the West
Authors: Shin Donghee
Published: February 2021

Although algorithms have been widely used to deliver useful services, how users actually experience algorithm-driven news remains unclear. This study examines user attitude and perception of algorithmic journalism and identifies the similarities and differences in experience and satisfaction formation. A comparative study between the United States (U.S.) and South Korea was conducted to examine how the two countries' users experience the quality of algorithm-driven news services and how individuals perceive the topics of fairness, accountability, and transparency. The notable similarities and differences are found by performing a comparison of cognitive processes. The major attitudes toward algorithm news are similar between the two countries, although the weights placed on the qualities differ. South Korean users put more weight on performance qualities, and U.S. users place relatively greater emphasis on procedural features. Different patterns of algorithm news experience imply the contextual nature of algorithm: how users perceive and feel about topics in algorithm news and how they use and engage with algorithm news depend on the context where the experience is taking place. The analysis suggests the importance of user-perceived issues and the contextual nature of such issues.
The Impact of E-HRM Usage on HRM Effectiveness
Authors: Al-Harazneh Yaser M. , Sila Ismail
Published: February 2021

This study investigated the impact of electronic human resource management (e-HRM) implementation on the effectiveness of HRM system. The framework of this study was guided by three theories: unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, the social exchange theory, and the leader-member exchange theory. Covariance-based structural equation modelling was used to test the proposed model and hypotheses. The sample consisted of 282 responses from the employees of two telecommunications companies in Jordan. The research findings suggested that performance expectancy had a significant positive effect on behavioural intention to use an e-HRM system, whereas effort expectancy did not. Facilitating conditions had a positive significant impact on e-HRM system usage. Top management support and the HRM role of line managers positively affected behavioural intention to use e-HRM and actual usage of e-HRM, whereas the effect of HR professionals on e-HRM usage was negative. Finally, the actual usage of e-HRM had a significant impact on HRM system effectiveness.