bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Anti-Inflammatory Potential of N-Arylcinnamamide Derivatives
Authors: Hošek Jan , Kos Jiří , Strhársky Tomáš , Černá Lucie , Štarha Pavel , Vančo Ján , Trávníček Zdeněk , Devínsky Ferdinand , Jampílek Josef
Published: December 2019

A series of sixteen ring-substituted N-arylcinnamanilides, previously described as highly antimicrobially effective against a wide spectrum of bacteria and fungi, together with two new derivatives from this group were prepared and characterized. Moreover, the molecular structure of (2E)-N-(2-bromo-5-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-enamide as a model compound was determined using single-crystal X-ray analysis. All the compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory potential, and most tested compounds significantly attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB activation and were more potent than the parental cinnamic acid. (2E)-N-[2-Chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-phenylprop-2-enamide, (2E)-N-(2,6-dibromophenyl)- 3-phenylprop-2-enamide, and (2E)-N-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-enamide demonstrated the highest inhibition effect on transcription factor NF-κB at the concentration of 2 µM and showed a similar effectiveness as the reference drug prednisone. Several compounds also decreased the level of TNF-α. Nevertheless, subsequent tests showed that the investigated compounds affect neither IκBα level nor MAPKs activity, which suggests that the N-arylcinnamanilides may have a different mode of action to prednisone. The modification of the C(2,5)ʹ or C(2,6)ʹ positions of the anilide core by rather lipophilic and bulky moieties seems to be preferable for the anti-inflammatory potential of these compounds.
Correction: Łyczko, J. et al. HS-SPME Analysis of True Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) Leaves Treated by Various Drying Methods. Molecules 2019, 24, 764
Authors: Łyczko Jacek , Jałoszyński Klaudiusz , Surma Mariusz , Masztalerz Klaudia , Szumny Antoni
Published: December 2019

The author wishes to make the following corrections to this paper [...]
The Meta-Position of Phe4 in Leu-Enkephalin Regulates Potency, Selectivity, Functional Activity, and Signaling Bias at the Delta and Mu Opioid Receptors
Authors: Cassell Robert J. , Sharma Krishna K. , Su Hongyu , Cummins Benjamin R. , Cui Haoyue , Mores Kendall L. , Blaine Arryn T. , Altman Ryan A. , van Rijn Richard M.
Published: December 2019

As tool compounds to study cardiac ischemia, the endogenous δ-opioid receptors (δOR) agonist Leu5-enkephalin and the more metabolically stable synthetic peptide (d-Ala2, d-Leu5)-enkephalin are frequently employed. However, both peptides have similar pharmacological profiles that restrict detailed investigation of the cellular mechanism of the δOR’s protective role during ischemic events. Thus, a need remains for δOR peptides with improved selectivity and unique signaling properties for investigating the specific roles for δOR signaling in cardiac ischemia. To this end, we explored substitution at the Phe4 position of Leu5-enkephalin for its ability to modulate receptor function and selectivity. Peptides were assessed for their affinity to bind to δORs and µ-opioid receptors (µORs) and potency to inhibit cAMP signaling and to recruit β-arrestin 2. Additionally, peptide stability was measured in rat plasma. Substitution of the meta-position of Phe4 of Leu5-enkephalin provided high-affinity ligands with varying levels of selectivity and bias at both the δOR and µOR and improved peptide stability, while substitution with picoline derivatives produced lower-affinity ligands with G protein biases at both receptors. Overall, these favorable substitutions at the meta-position of Phe4 may be combined with other modifications to Leu5-enkephalin to deliver improved agonists with finely tuned potency, selectivity, bias and drug-like properties.
Volatile Compounds in Fruit Peels as Novel Biomarkers for the Identification of Four Citrus Species
Authors: Zhang Haipeng , Wen Huan , Chen Jiajing , Peng Zhaoxin , Shi Meiyan , Chen Mengjun , Yuan Ziyu , Liu Yuan , Zhang Hongyan , Xu Juan
Published: December 2019

The aroma quality of citrus fruit is determined by volatile compounds, which bring about different notes to allow discrimination among different citrus species. However, the volatiles with various aromatic traits specific to different citrus species have not been identified. In this study, volatile profiles in the fruit peels of four citrus species collected from our previous studies were subjected to various analyses to mine volatile biomarkers. Principal component analysis results indicated that different citrus species could almost completely be separated. Thirty volatiles were identified as potential biomarkers in discriminating loose-skin mandarin, sweet orange, pomelo, and lemon, while 17 were identified as effective biomarkers in discriminating clementine mandarins from the other loose-skin mandarins and sweet oranges. Finally, 30 citrus germplasms were used to verify the classification based on β-elemene, valencene, nootkatone, and limettin as biomarkers. The accuracy values were 90.0%, 96.7%, 96.7%, and 100%, respectively. This research may provide a novel and effective alternative approach to identifying citrus genetic resources.
Study on the Sequential Combination of Bioethanol and Biogas Production from Corn Straw
Authors: Kotarska Katarzyna , Dziemianowicz Wojciech , Świerczyńska Anna
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study was to obtain two types of fuels, i.e., bioethanol and biogas, in a sequential combination of biochemical processes from lignocellulosic biomass (corn straw). Waste from the agricultural sector containing lignocellulose structures was used to obtain bioethanol, while the post-fermentation (cellulose stillage) residue obtained from ethanol fermentation was a raw material for the production of high-power biogas in the methane fermentation process. The studies on obtaining ethanol from lignocellulosic substrate were based on the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) method, which is a simultaneous hydrolysis of enzymatic cellulose and fermentation of the obtained sugars. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (D-2) in the form of yeast cream was used for bioethanol production. The yeast strain D-2 originated from the collection of the Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology. Volatile compounds identified in the distillates were measured using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). CH4 and CO2 contained in the biogas were analyzed using a gas chromatograph in isothermal conditions, equipped with thermal conductivity detector (katharometer) with incandescent fiber. Our results show that simultaneous saccharification and fermentation enables production of bioethanol from agricultural residues with management of cellulose stillage in the methane fermentation process.
Coupling the Antimalarial Cell Penetrating Peptide TP10 to Classical Antimalarial Drugs Primaquine and Chloroquine Produces Strongly Hemolytic Conjugates
Authors: Aguiar Luísa , Biosca Arnau , Lantero Elena , Gut Jiri , Vale Nuno , Rosenthal Philip J. , Nogueira Fátima , Andreu David , Fernàndez-Busquets Xavier , Gomes Paula
Published: December 2019

Recently, we disclosed primaquine cell penetrating peptide conjugates that were more potent than parent primaquine against liver stage Plasmodium parasites and non-toxic to hepatocytes. The same strategy was now applied to the blood-stage antimalarial chloroquine, using a wide set of peptides, including TP10, a cell penetrating peptide with intrinsic antiplasmodial activity. Chloroquine-TP10 conjugates displaying higher antiplasmodial activity than the parent TP10 peptide were identified, at the cost of an increased hemolytic activity, which was further confirmed for their primaquine analogues. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry suggest that these drug-peptide conjugates strongly bind, and likely destroy, erythrocyte membranes. Taken together, the results herein reported put forward that coupling antimalarial aminoquinolines to cell penetrating peptides delivers hemolytic conjugates. Hence, despite their widely reported advantages as carriers for many different types of cargo, from small drugs to biomacromolecules, cell penetrating peptides seem unsuitable for safe intracellular delivery of antimalarial aminoquinolines due to hemolysis issues. This highlights the relevance of paying attention to hemolytic effects of cell penetrating peptide-drug conjugates.
Binding of Gold(III) Porphyrin by the Pro-metastatic Regulatory Protein Human Galectin-3
Authors: Bogoeva Vanya , Rangelov Miroslav , Todorova Nadezhda , Lambert Annie , Bridot Clarisse , Yordanova Anna , Roos Goedele , Grandjean Cyrille , Bouckaert Julie
Published: December 2019

Gold(III) porphyrin presents an attractive alternative to the use of, for example, cisplatin in chemotherapy. However, approaches that allow to selectively target cancer cells are highly sought. Many plant and mammalian lectins have been shown to bind oligosaccharide sequences of the aberrant glycosylation pattern found on cancerous tumors. For example human galectin-3, of the galectin family specific for β-galactoside, is overexpressed in the extracellular matrix of tumorigenous and metastatic tissues. We searched for non-carbohydrate ligands for galectin-3 that can guide a cytotoxic drug to the cancer cells by maintaining its affinity for tumor associated carbohydrate antigens. Previous findings showed that zinc tetrasulfonatophenylporphyrin can bind galectin-3 with sub-micromolar affinity without disturbing lactose binding. Gold(III) porphyrin is not only cytotoxic to cancer cells, it knows also a potential application as photosensitiser in photodynamic therapy. We investigated the binding of gold(III) porphyrin to galectin-3 using different biophysical interaction techniques and demonstrated a low micromolar affinity of human galectin-3 for the cytotoxic compound. Co-crystallization attempts in order to understand the binding mode of gold porphyrin to galectin-3 failed, but molecular docking emphasized a highly populated secondary binding site that does not hinder lactose or Thomsen Friendenreich disaccharide binding. This suggests that gold(III) porphyrin might significantly enhance its concentration and delivery to cancer cells by binding to human galectin-3 that keeps its orientation towards tumor associated carbohydrate antigens.
Graphenic Materials for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Plachá Daniela , Jampilek Josef
Published: December 2019

Graphene-based nanomaterials have been intensively studied for their properties, modifications, and application potential. Biomedical applications are one of the main directions of research in this field. This review summarizes the research results which were obtained in the last two years (2017–2019), especially those related to drug/gene/protein delivery systems and materials with antimicrobial properties. Due to the large number of studies in the area of carbon nanomaterials, attention here is focused only on 2D structures, i.e. graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide.
Facile Synthesis of Mn4+-Activated Double Perovskite Germanate Phosphors with Near-Infrared Persistent Luminescence
Authors: Du Jiaren , Poelman Dirk
Published: December 2019

Tetravalent manganese doped phosphors are emerging as a new class of efficient near-infrared emitters for applications in a variety of areas, such as bioimaging and night-vision surveillance. Novel double perovskite-type La2MgGeO6:Mn4+ phosphors were successfully prepared using a microwave-assisted energy-saving solid state method. This simple technique involving the use of a microwave susceptor allows for a reduction of the preparation time compared to a conventional solid state reaction. The samples were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, as well as energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping, photoluminescence excitation/emission spectroscopy, persistent luminescence decay and temperature-dependent photoluminescence analysis. Substitution between isovalent Mn4+ and Ge4+ can be achieved without additional charge compensators in this germanate-based phosphor, which provides strong emission in the near-infrared spectral region, assigned to the characteristic transitions of tetravalent manganese ions. Additionally, the double perovskite-type germanate phosphor exhibits excellent luminescence thermal stability. Moreover, the spectroscopic properties, excitation wavelength-dependent and temperature-dependent persistent luminescence were studied. A series of thermoluminescence measurements were presented trying to give clear information on the charging process, afterglow behavior and the nature of the traps responsible for the persistent luminescence. The present investigation expands the range of available promising near-infrared emitting persistent phosphors for medical imaging.
Upgrading the Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Produced by Thermal Reduction toward Efficient ORR Electrocatalysts
Authors: Ramirez-Barria Carolina S. , Fernandes Diana M. , Freire Cristina , Villaro-Abalos Elvira , Guerrero-Ruiz Antonio , Rodríguez-Ramos Inmaculada
Published: December 2019

N-doped (NrGO) and non-doped (rGO) graphenic materials are prepared by oxidation and further thermal treatment under ammonia and inert atmospheres, respectively, of natural graphites of different particle sizes. An extensive characterization of graphene materials points out that the physical properties of synthesized materials, as well as the nitrogen species introduced, depend on the particle size of the starting graphite, the reduction atmospheres, and the temperature conditions used during the exfoliation treatment. These findings indicate that it is possible to tailor properties of non-doped and N-doped reduced graphene oxide, such as the number of layers, surface area, and nitrogen content, by using a simple strategy based on selecting adequate graphite sizes and convenient experimental conditions during thermal exfoliation. Additionally, the graphenic materials are successfully applied as electrocatalysts for the demanding oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Nitrogen doping together with the starting graphite of smaller particle size (NrGO325-4) resulted in a more efficient ORR electrocatalyst with more positive onset potentials (Eonset = 0.82 V versus RHE), superior diffusion-limiting current density (jL, 0.26V, 1600rpm = −4.05 mA cm−2), and selectivity to the direct four-electron pathway. Moreover, all NrGOm-4 show high tolerance to methanol poisoning in comparison with the state-of-the-art ORR electrocatalyst Pt/C and good stability.
Core Nanoparticle Engineering for Narrower and More Intense Band-Edge Emission from AgInS2/GaSx Core/Shell Quantum Dots
Authors: Hoisang Watcharaporn , Uematsu Taro , Yamamoto Takahisa , Torimoto Tsukasa , Kuwabata Susumu
Published: December 2019

Highly luminescent silver indium sulfide (AgInS2) nanoparticles were synthesized by dropwise injection of a sulfur precursor solution into a cationic metal precursor solution. The two-step reaction including the formation of silver sulfide (Ag2S) nanoparticles as an intermediate and their conversion to AgInS2 nanoparticles, occurred during the dropwise injection. The crystal structure of the AgInS2 nanoparticles differed according to the temperature of the metal precursor solution. Specifically, the tetragonal crystal phase was obtained at 140 °C, and the orthorhombic crystal phase was obtained at 180 °C. Furthermore, when the AgInS2 nanoparticles were coated with a gallium sulfide (GaSx) shell, the nanoparticles with both crystal phases emitted a spectrally narrow luminescence, which originated from the band-edge transition of AgInS2. Tetragonal AgInS2 exhibited narrower band-edge emission (full width at half maximum, FWHM = 32.2 nm) and higher photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) (49.2%) than those of the orthorhombic AgInS2 nanoparticles (FWHM = 37.8 nm, QY = 33.3%). Additional surface passivation by alkylphosphine resulted in higher PL QY (72.3%) with a narrow spectral shape.
Melt-Mixed 3D Hierarchical Graphene/Polypropylene Nanocomposites with Low Electrical Percolation Threshold
Authors: Gkourmpis Thomas , Gaska Karolina , Tranchida Davide , Gitsas Antonis , Müller Christian , Matic Aleksandar , Kádár Roland
Published: December 2019

Graphene-based materials are a family of carbonaceous structures that can be produced using a variety of processes either from graphite or other precursors. These materials are typically a few layered sheets of graphene in the form of platelets and maintain some of the properties of pristine graphene (such as two-dimensional platelet shape, aspect ratio, and graphitic bonding). In this work we present melt mixed graphene-based polypropylene systems with significantly reduced percolation threshold. Traditionally melt-mixed systems suffer from poor dispersion that leads to high electrical percolation values. In contrast in our work, graphene was added into an isotactic polypropylene matrix, achieving an electrical percolation threshold of ~1 wt.%. This indicates that the filler dispersion process has been highly efficient, something that leads to the suppression of the β phase that have a strong influence on the crystallization behavior and subsequent thermal and mechanical performance. The electrical percolation values obtained are comparable with reported solution mixed systems, despite the use of simple melt mixing protocols and the lack of any pre or post-treatment of the final compositions. The latter is of particular importance as the preparation method used in this work is industrially relevant and is readily scalable.
Design and Simulation of a Multi-Sheet Beam Terahertz Radiation Source Based on Carbon-Nanotube Cold Cathode
Authors: Zu Yifan , Yuan Xuesong , Xu Xiaotao , Cole Matthew T. , Zhang Yu , Li Hailong , Yin Yong , Wang Bin , Yan Yang
Published: December 2019

Carbon nanotube (CNT) cold cathodes are proving to be compelling candidates for miniaturized terahertz (THz) vacuum electronic devices (VEDs) owning to their superior field-emission (FE) characteristics. Here, we report on the development of a multi-sheet beam CNT cold cathode electron optical system with concurrently high beam current and high current density. The microscopic FE characteristics of the CNT film emitter is captured through the development of an empirically derived macroscopic simulation model which is used to provide representative emission performance. Through parametrically optimized macroscale simulations, a five-sheet-beam triode electron gun has been designed, and has been shown to emit up to 95 mA at 3.2 kV. Through careful engineering of the electron gun geometric parameters, a low-voltage compact THz radiation source operating in high-order TM 5 , 1 mode is investigated to improve output power and suppress mode competition. Particle in cell (PIC) simulations show the average output power is 33 W at 0.1 THz, and the beam–wave interaction efficiency is approximately 10%.
Comparison of Different Approaches to Surface Functionalization of Biodegradable Polycaprolactone Scaffolds
Authors: Permyakova Elizaveta S. , Kiryukhantsev-Korneev Philipp V. , Gudz Kristina Yu. , Konopatsky Anton S. , Polčak Josef , Zhitnyak Irina Y. , Gloushankova Natalia A. , Shtansky D. V. , Manakhov Anton M.
Published: December 2019

Due to their good mechanical stability compared to gelatin, collagen or polyethylene glycol nanofibers and slow degradation rate, biodegradable poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanofibers are promising material as scaffolds for bone and soft-tissue engineering. Here, PCL nanofibers were prepared by the electrospinning method and then subjected to surface functionalization aimed at improving their biocompatibility and bioactivity. For surface modification, two approaches were used: (i) COOH-containing polymer was deposited on the PCL surface using atmospheric pressure plasma copolymerization of CO2 and C2H4, and (ii) PCL nanofibers were coated with multifunctional bioactive nanostructured TiCaPCON film by magnetron sputtering of TiC–CaO–Ti3POx target. To evaluate bone regeneration ability in vitro, the surface-modified PCL nanofibers were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF, 1×) for 21 days. The results obtained indicate different osteoblastic and epithelial cell response depending on the modification method. The TiCaPCON-coated PCL nanofibers exhibited enhanced adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, promoted the formation of Ca-based mineralized layer in SBF and, therefore, can be considered as promising material for bone tissue regeneration. The PCL–COOH nanofibers demonstrated improved adhesion and proliferation of IAR-2 cells, which shows their high potential for skin reparation and wound dressing.
Association between Depressive Symptoms and Food Insecurity among Indonesian Adults: Results from the 2007–2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey
Authors: Isaura Emyr Reisha , Chen Yang-Ching , Adi Annis Catur , Fan Hsien-Yu , Li Chung-Yi , Yang Shwu-Huey
Published: December 2019

Background: Depressive symptoms and food insecurity are two of the public health concerns in developing countries. Food insecurity is linked to several chronic diseases, while little is known about the association between food insecurity and depressive symptoms among adults. A person with limited or uncertain availability or access to nutritionally sufficient, socially relevant, and safe foods is defined as a food-insecure person. Materials and methods: Data were obtained from 8613 adults who participated in the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 2007 and 2014. The 10 items of the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were used in food consumption score analysis to assess food insecurity based on the concept of the World Food Program (WFP). Depressive symptoms were assessed using 10 items of the self-reported Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) questionnaire. A linear and multiple logistic regression model with a generalized estimating equation was used to test the hypothesis while accounting for the health behaviors and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Food consumption score was negatively associated with CES-D 10 score (β-coefficients: −9.71 × 10−3 to −1.06 × 10−2; 95% CIs: −7.46 × 10−3 to −1.26 × 10−2). The borderline and poor food consumption group was positively associated with the depressive symptoms, both in the unadjusted and adjusted models (exponentiated β-coefficients: 1.13 to 1.18; 95% CIs: 1.06 to 1.28). Conclusions: Depressive symptoms were positively significantly associated with food insecurity. Thus, health professionals must be aware of the issue, and should consider health and nutrition programs for adults at risk of food insecurity.
If You Don’t Eat Meat… You’ll Die. A Mixed-Method Survey of Health-Professionals’ Beliefs
Authors: McHugh Patrick , Smith Morgen , Wright Nicholas , Bush Sarah , Pullon Sue
Published: December 2019

Despite an ever-increasing burden of non-communicable diseases and overwhelming evidence that good nutrition improves outcomes it is difficult to know whether this evidence is reaching the general population. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether health professionals in Tairāwhiti have sufficient nutrition education for their roles in health education and promotion and whether nutrition beliefs held by health professionals were consistent with current literature. A particular interest was to enlist views on the harms, benefits, and possible barriers to following plant-based diets. A mixed-methods study involving health professionals completing a questionnaire and a subsequent focus group to collect data was used. Survey data were analysed using spreadsheet software, and thematic content analysis of focus group data was undertaken. Participants provided nutrition advice 2.4 times per day. Almost half of practitioners considered their nutrition knowledge to be inadequate, and most made poor use of references for provision of information. Plant-based diets were generally viewed as beneficial to health, improve quality of life, be filling, but were perceived as not as easy to follow. This study is in keeping with previous research that the health workforce would benefit from more formalised nutrition education and competencies to address common chronic disease.
Social Support, but Not Perceived Food Environment, Is Associated with Diet Quality in French-Speaking Canadians from the PREDISE Study
Authors: Carbonneau Elise , Lamarche Benoît , Robitaille Julie , Provencher Véronique , Desroches Sophie , Vohl Marie-Claude , Bégin Catherine , Bélanger Mathieu , Couillard Charles , Pelletier Luc , Bouchard Luigi , Houle Julie , Langlois Marie-France , Corneau Louise , Lemieux Simone
Published: December 2019

The objectives were to assess whether social support for healthy eating and perceived food environment are associated with diet quality, and to investigate if sociodemographic characteristics moderate these associations. A probability sample of French-speaking adults from the Province of Québec, Canada, was recruited in the context of the PREDISE study. Participants reported their perceptions of supportive and non-supportive actions related to healthy eating from close others at home and outside of home (n = 952), and of the accessibility to healthy foods (n = 1035). The Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI) was calculated based on three Web-based 24 h food recalls. Multiple linear regression models showed that supportive (B = 1.50 (95% CI 0.46, 2.54)) and non-supportive (B = −3.06 (95% CI −4.94, −1.18)) actions related to healthy eating from close others at home were positively and negatively associated with C-HEI, respectively, whereas actions from close others outside of home were not. The negative association between non-supportive actions occurring at home and C-HEI was stronger among participants with lower (vs. higher) levels of education (p interaction = 0.03). Perceived accessibility to healthy foods was not associated with C-HEI (p > 0.05). These results suggest that the social environment may have a stronger influence on healthy eating than the perceived physical environment. This adds support for healthy eating promotion programs involving entire families, especially for more socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals, whose efforts to eat healthily may be more easily thwarted by non-supportive households.
Sex Differences of Vitamin D Status across BMI Classes: An Observational Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Muscogiuri Giovanna , Barrea Luigi , Somma Carolina Di , Laudisio Daniela , Salzano Ciro , Pugliese Gabriella , de Alteriis Giulia , Colao Annamaria , Savastano Silvia
Published: December 2019

Growing evidence reported that vitamin D deficiency is a common finding in obesity. Vitamin D status also seems to be sex-related, although little is known regarding this association. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the sex-related differences of serum 25OH vitamin D (25OHD) concentrations across body mass index (BMI) classes and, if there were any differences, whether they could be explained by sex-related differences in body composition. We enrolled 500 subjects (250 males, age 37.4 ± 11.8 years; 250 females, age 36.6 ± 11.8 years). Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) phase-sensitive system. Serum 25OHD concentration was quantified by a direct, competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25OHD concentrations < 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L). Stratifying the sample population according to sex and BMI categories, 25OHD concentrations were significantly higher in males compared to females in all BMI classes and decreased along with the increase of BMI values. Females with vitamin D deficiency had higher fat mass (FM) % compared to males with vitamin D deficiency. The 25OHD concentrations inversely correlated with FM % in both sexes. In a multiple regression analysis model, sex, FM %, and BMI were predictive factors of 25OHD concentration. In conclusion, our study suggests that 25OHD concentrations were lower in females than males across all BMI categories. Given the tight correlation between 25OHD concentrations and FM %, it can be hypothesized that the lower 25OHD concentrations in females than males can be explained by the fact that females have a higher amount of fat than males.
Semen Cuscutae Administration Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Adiposity in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Moon Jiyoung , Ha Min Jin , Shin Min-Jeong , Kim Oh Yoen , Yoo Eun Hye , Song Juhyun , Chung Ji Hyung
Published: December 2019

Since arginase has been shown to compete with nitric oxide (NO) synthase, emerging evidence has reported that arginase inhibition improves obesity by increasing NO production. Semen cuscutae (SC), which is a well-known Chinese medicine, has multiple biological functions such as anti-oxidant function and immune regulation. In this study, we investigated whether the SC as a natural arginase inhibitor influences hepatic lipid abnormalities and whole-body adiposity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The lipid accumulation was significantly reduced by SC treatment in oleic acid-induced hepatic steatosis in vitro. Additionally, SC supplementation substantially lowered HFD-induced increases in arginase activity and weights of liver and visceral fat tissue, while increasing hepatic NO. Furthermore, elevated mRNA expressions of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1c), fatty-acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ)1, and PPAR-γ2 in HFD-fed mice were significantly attenuated by SC supplementation. Taken together, SC, as a novel natural arginase inhibitor, showed anti-obesity properties by modulating hepatic arginase and NO production and metabolic pathways related to hepatic triglyceride (TG) metabolism.
Effects of Stevia Extract on Postprandial Glucose Response, Satiety and Energy Intake: A Three-Arm Crossover Trial
Authors: Farhat Grace , Berset Victoria , Moore Lauren
Published: December 2019

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are suggested to lower energy intake in the diet, but they have been paradoxically involved in the epidemic of obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Stevia is the least studied sweetener. This study aims to investigate the effect of stevia on postprandial glucose levels, appetite and food intake. Methods: 30 participants (20 females/10 males; 26.1 (10.56) years; body mass index (BMI) 23.44 (3.42) Kg/m2) took part in a three-arm crossover trial where they received preloads of water, sugar (60 g) and stevia (1 g) on three different days, followed by an ad libitum pizza lunch. Breakfast was standardised. A one-day diet diary was collected on each test day. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to assess subjective feelings of appetite. Blood glucose samples were collected at 30-min intervals until 120 min post lunch. Results: Energy intake did not significantly differ between preloads for ad libitum meals (p = 0.78) and overall day (p = 0.33). VAS scores for hunger and desire to eat (DTE) were lower following stevia preload compared to water (p < 0.05). After adjusting for the sugar preload and calorie content, postprandial glucose levels did not significantly differ between interventions. Conclusion: Stevia lowers appetite sensation and does not further increase food intake and postprandial glucose levels. It could be a useful strategy in obesity and diabetes prevention and management.
3D-Printed Solid Dispersion Drug Products
Authors: Chew Suet Li , Modica de Mohac Laura , Tolulope Raimi-Abraham Bahijja
Published: December 2019

With the well-known advantages of additive manufacturing methods such as three-dimensional (3D) printing in drug delivery, it is disappointing that only one product has been successful in achieving regulatory approval in the past few years. Further research and development is required in this area to introduce more 3D printed products into the market. Our study investigates the potential of fixed dose combination solid dispersion drug products generated via 3D printing. Two model drugs—fluorescein sodium (FS) and 5-aminosalicyclic acid (5-ASA)—were impregnated onto a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filament, and the influence of solvent choice in optimal drug loading as well as other influences such as the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the resultant filaments were investigated prior to development of the resultant drug products. Key outcomes of this work included the improvement of filament drug loading by one- to threefold due to solvent choice on the basis of its polarity and the generation of a 3D-printed product confirmed to be a solid dispersion fixed dose combination with the two model drugs exhibiting favourable in vitro dissolution characteristics.
Plasmodesmata Conductivity Regulation: A Mechanistic Model
Authors: Dorokhov Yuri L. , Ershova Natalia M. , Sheshukova Ekaterina V. , Komarova Tatiana V.
Published: December 2019

Plant cells form a multicellular symplast via cytoplasmic bridges called plasmodesmata (Pd) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that crosses almost all plant tissues. The Pd proteome is mainly represented by secreted Pd-associated proteins (PdAPs), the repertoire of which quickly adapts to environmental conditions and responds to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although the important role of Pd in stress-induced reactions is universally recognized, the mechanisms of Pd control are still not fully understood. The negative role of callose in Pd permeability has been convincingly confirmed experimentally, yet the roles of cytoskeletal elements and many PdAPs remain unclear. Here, we discuss the contribution of each protein component to Pd control. Based on known data, we offer mechanistic models of mature leaf Pd regulation in response to stressful effects.
In-Situ Bubble Stretching Assisted Melt Extrusion for the Preparation of HDPE/UHMWPE/CF Composites
Authors: Yin Xiaochun , Yin Youhua , Cheng Di , Feng Yanhong , Zhang Guizhen , Wen Jinsong
Published: December 2019

In this work, a novel melt extrusion method under synergy of extensional deformation and in-situ bubble stretching (ISBS) and corresponding apparatus were reported. The structure and working principle were introduced in detail. Polymer composites composed of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/carbon fiber (CF) were prepared by using this new method. Effects of CF and Azodicarbonamide (AC) contents on composites’ morphology, rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties were experimentally investigated. SEM results showed that the CFs dispersed evenly in the matrix when the AC content was relatively high. DSC results showed that co-crystallization of HDPE and UHMWPE occurred in the composites, and the Xc of the composites decreased with the addition of AC or under high CF loadings. TGA results showed that the thermostability of the composites increased markedly with increasing CF loading. Mechanical properties showed that tensile strength increased by 30% with 9 wt % CF and 0.6 wt % AC added. The results aforementioned indicate that the novel melt extrusion method is a green and effective way to prepare HDPE/UHMWPE/CF composites.
Grafting-Induced Structural Ordering of Lactide Chains
Authors: Glova Artyom D. , Melnikova Sofya D. , Mercurieva Anna A. , Larin Sergey V. , Lyulin Sergey V.
Published: December 2019

The structure of a grafted layer of lactide chains in the “dry brush” regime immersed in a melt of chemically similar polymer was examined while varying graft lengths. To this end, microsecond atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were performed. Almost no influence of graft length on the fraction of the grafted chains backfolded to the grafting surface was found. However, a structural ordering was unexpectedly observed in the system when the length of the grafted lactide chains was close to approximately 10 Kuhn segments. This ordering of the grafts is characterized by the formation of helical fragments whose structure is in good agreement with the experimental data for the α crystal of the lactide chains. Both the backfolding and the structural ordering may be viewed as the initial stage of the crystallization of the layer of grafted lactide chains. In contrast to the known behavior for conventional polymer brushes in the “dry brush” regime, the structure of the grafted lactide chains can be either amorphous or ordered, depending on the graft length N and the grafting density σ when their product Nσ is fixed.
Thiol-Affinity Immobilization of Casein-Coated Silver Nanoparticles on Polymeric Membranes for Biofouling Control
Authors: Dong Xiaobo , Shannon Halle D. , Amirsoleimani Atena , Brion Gail M. , Escobar Isabel C.
Published: December 2019

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely studied for the control of biofouling on polymeric membranes due to their antimicrobial properties. However, nanoparticle leaching has posed a significant impediment against their widespread use. In this study, a one-step method of chemically embedding AgNPs on cellulose acetate (CA) membranes via their affinity to thiol group chemistry was investigated. The operational efficiency of the membranes was then determined via filtration and biofouling experiments. During filtration study, the average flux values of pure CA membranes was determined to be 11 ± 2 L/(m2·hr) (LMH), while membranes embedded with AgNPs showed significant increases in flux to 18 ± 2 LMH and 25 ± 9 LMH, with increasing amounts of AgNPs added, which is likely due to the NPs acting as pore formers. Leaching studies, performed both in dead-end and crossflow filtration, showed approximately 0.16 mg/L leaching of AgNPs after the first day of filtration, but afterwards the remaining chemically-attached AgNPs did not leach. Over 97% of AgNPs remained on the membranes after seven days of crossflow leaching filtration studies. Serratia marcescens were then used as target microorganisms in biofouling studies. It was observed that membranes embedded with AgNPs effectively suppressed the growth of Serratia marcescens, and specifically, membranes with AgNPs displayed a decrease in microbial growth by 59% and 99% as the amount of AgNP increased.
Polymeric Self-Assemblies Based on tetra-ortho-Substituted Azobenzene as Visible Light Responsive Nanocarriers
Authors: Roche Alejandro , Oriol Luis , Tejedor Rosa M. , Piñol Milagros
Published: December 2019

Most of reported polymeric light-responsive nanocarriers make use of UV light to trigger morphological changes and the subsequent release of encapsulated cargoes. Moving from UV- to visible-responsive units is interesting for the potential biomedical applications of these materials. Herein we report the synthesis by ring opening polymerization (ROP) of a series of amphiphilic diblock copolymers, into which either UV or visible responsive azobenzenes have been introduced via copper(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). These copolymers are able to self-assemble into spherical micelles or vesicles when dispersed in water. The study of the response of the self-assemblies upon UV (365 nm) or visible (530 or 625 nm) light irradiation has been studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) studies. Encapsulation of Nile Red, in micelles and vesicles, and Rhodamine B, in vesicles, and its light-stimulated release has been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal microscopy. Appreciable morphological changes have been induced with green light, and the subsequent release of encapsulated cargoes upon green light irradiation has been confirmed.
Mueller Matrix Measurement of Electrospun Fiber Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Fricke Dierk , Becker Alexander , Jütte Lennart , Bode Michael , de Cassan Dominik , Wollweber Merve , Glasmacher Birgit , Roth Bernhard
Published: December 2019

Electrospun fiber scaffolds are gaining in importance in the area of tissue engineering. They can be used, for example, to fabricate graded implants to mimic the tendon bone junction. For the grading of the tensile strength of the fiber scaffolds, the orientation of the fibers plays a major role. This is currently measured by hand in scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. In this work, a correlation between polarimetric information generated by measuring the Mueller matrix (MM) and the orientation of the fibers of electrospun fiber scaffolds is reported. For this, the MM of fiber scaffolds, which were manufactured with different production parameters, was measured and analyzed. These data were correlated with fiber orientation and mechanical properties, which were evaluated in an established manner. We found that by measurement of the MM the production parameters as well as the relative orientation of the fibers in space can be determined. Thus, the MM measurement is suitable as an alternative tool for non-contact, non-destructive determination of the production parameters and, thus, the degree of alignment of electrospun fiber scaffolds.
Development and Properties of Fish Gelatin/Oxidized Starch Double Network Film Catalyzed by Thermal Treatment and Schiff’ Base Reaction
Authors: Dong Yuhao , Chen Hao , Qiao Peng , Liu Zijing
Published: December 2019

In order to improve the properties of fish gelatin (FG), oxidized starch (OS) was adopted to form hetero-covalent linkage with it based on thermal treatment and the Schiff’ base reaction. The effects of different ratios of FG/OS (ranging from 10:1 to 2:1) on the properties of films were investigated. OS improved the mechanical and barrier properties of films significantly, while the moisture content decreased as OS concentration increased. The optimum concentration was obtained at the loading amount of 1.5% (w/v) OS. FT-IR spectra revealed the covalent cross-linking between FG and OS induced by Schiff’ base reaction. Moreover, composite films had superior preservation effect on blueberry, according to the results of weight loss, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and total anthocyanin content. Therefore, this study suggested that FG-OS double network films (FODF) has great potential in the packaging industry.
Highly Stretchable, Strain-Sensitive, and Ionic-Conductive Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Wearable Sensors
Authors: Tong Ruiping , Chen Guangxue , Tian Junfei , He Minghui
Published: December 2019

To extend the applications of natural polymer-based hydrogels to wearable sensors, it is both important and a great challenge to improve their mechanical and electrical performance. In this work, highly stretchable, strain-sensitive, and ionic-conductive cellulose-based hydrogels (CHs) were prepared by random copolymerization of allyl cellulose and acrylic acid. The acquired hydrogels exhibit high stretchability (~142% of tensile strain) and good transparency (~86% at 550 nm). In addition, the hydrogels not only demonstrate better sensitivity in a wide linear range (0–100%) but also exhibit excellent repeatable and stable signals even after 1000 cycles. Notably, hydrogel-based wearable sensors were successfully constructed to detect human movements. Their reliability, sensitivity, and wide-range properties endow the CHs with great potential for application in various wearable sensors.
The Use of Lignin as a Microbial Carrier in the Co-Digestion of Cheese and Wafer Waste
Authors: Pilarska Agnieszka A. , Wolna-Maruwka Agnieszka , Pilarski Krzysztof , Janczak Damian , Przybył Krzysztof , Gawrysiak-Witulska Marzena
Published: December 2019

The aim of the article was to present the effects of lignin grafted with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a microbial carrier in anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of cheese (CE) and wafer waste (WF). Individual samples of waste cheese and wafers were also tested. The PVP modifier was used to improve the adhesive properties of the carrier surface. Lignin is a natural biopolymer which exhibits all the properties of a good carrier, including nontoxicity, biocompatibility, porosity, and thermal stability. Moreover, the analysis of the zeta potential of lignin and lignin combined with PVP showed their high electrokinetic stability within a wide pH range, that is, 4–11. The AcoD process was conducted under mesophilic conditions in a laboratory by means of anaerobic batch reactors. Monitoring with two standard parameters: pH and the VFA/TA ratio (volatile fatty acids-to-total alkalinity ratio) proved that the process was stable in all the samples tested. The high share of N–NH4+ in TKN (total Kjeldahl nitrogen), which exceeded 90% for WF+CE and CE at the last phases of the process, proved the effective conversion of nitrogen forms. The microbiological analyses showed that eubacteria proliferated intensively and the dehydrogenase activity increased in the samples containing the carrier, especially in the system with two co-substrates (WF+CE/lignin) and in the waste cheese sample (CE/lignin). The biogas production increased from 1102.00 m3 Mg−1 VS (volatile solids) to 1257.38 m3 Mg−1 VS in the WF+CE/lignin sample, and from 881.26 m3 Mg−1 VS to 989.65 m3 Mg−1 VS in the CE/lignin sample. The research results showed that the cell immobilization on lignin had very positive effect on the anaerobic digestion process.
Cellulose-Cyclodextrin Co-Polymer for the Removal of Cyanotoxins on Water Sources
Authors: Gomez-Maldonado Diego , Vega Erramuspe Iris Beatriz , Filpponen Ilari , Johansson Leena-Sisko , Lombardo Salvatore , Zhu Junyong , Thielemans Wim , Peresin Maria S.
Published: December 2019

With increasing global water temperatures and nutrient runoff in recent decades, the blooming season of algae lasts longer, resulting in toxin concentrations that exceed safe limits for human consumption and for recreational use. From the different toxins, microcystin-LR has been reported as the main cyanotoxin related to liver cancer, and consequently its abundance in water is constantly monitored. In this work, we report a methodology for decorating cellulose nanofibrils with β-cyclodextrin or with poly(β-cyclodextrin) which were tested for the recovery of microcystin from synthetic water. The adsorption was followed by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), allowing for real-time monitoring of the adsorption behavior. A maximum recovery of 196 mg/g was obtained with the modified by cyclodextrin. Characterization of the modified substrate was confirmed with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).
Preparation and pH Controlled Release of Fe3O4/Anthocyanin Magnetic Biocomposites
Authors: Jiang Xizhi , Guan Qingbao , Feng Min , Wang Mengyang , Yan Nina , Wang Min , Xu Lei , Gui Zhongzheng
Published: December 2019

Anthocyanins are a class of antioxidants extracted from plants, with a variety of biochemical and pharmacological properties. However, the wide and effective applications of anthocyanins have been limited by their relatively low stability and bioavailability. In order to expand the application of anthocyanins, Fe3O4/anthocyanin magnetic biocomposite was fabricated for the storage and release of anthocyanin in this work. The magnetic biocomposite of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle-loaded anthocyanin was prepared through physical intermolecular adsorption or covalent cross-linking. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermal analysis were used to characterize the biocomposite. In addition, the anthocyanin releasing experiments were performed. The optimized condition for the Fe3O4/anthocyanin magnetic biocomposite preparation was determined to be at 60 °C for 20 h in weak alkaline solution. The smooth surface of biocomposite from SEM suggested that anthocyanin was coated on the surface of the Fe3O4 particles successfully. The average size of the Fe3O4/anthocyanin magnetic biocomposite was about 222 nm. Under acidic conditions, the magnetic biocomposite solids could be repeatable released anthocyanin, with the same chemical structure as the anthocyanin before compounding. Therefore, anthocyanin can be effectively adsorbed and released by this magnetic biocomposite. Overall, this work shows that Fe3O4/anthocyanin magnetic biocomposite has great potential for future applications as a drug storage and delivery nanoplatform that is adaptable to medical, food and sensing.