bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A pristine record of outer Solar System materials from asteroid Ryugu’s returned sample
Authors: Ito Motoo , Tomioka Naotaka , Uesugi Masayuki , Yamaguchi Akira , Shirai Naoki , Ohigashi Takuji , Liu Ming-Chang , Greenwood Richard C. , Kimura Makoto , Imae Naoya , Uesugi Kentaro , Nakato Aiko , Yogata Kasumi , Yuzawa Hayato , Kodama Yu , Tsuchiyama Akira , Yasutake Masahiro , Findlay Ross , Franchi Ian A. , Malley James A. , McCain Kaitlyn A. , Matsuda Nozomi , McKeegan Kevin D. , Hirahara Kaori , Takeuchi Akihisa , Sekimoto Shun , Sakurai Ikuya , Okada Ikuo , Karouji Yuzuru , Arakawa Masahiko , Fujii Atsushi , Fujimoto Masaki , Hayakawa Masahiko , Hirata Naoyuki , Hirata Naru , Honda Rie , Honda Chikatoshi , Hosoda Satoshi , Iijima Yu-ichi , Ikeda Hitoshi , Ishiguro Masateru , Ishihara Yoshiaki , Iwata Takahiro , Kawahara Kosuke , Kikuchi Shota , Kitazato Kohei , Matsumoto Koji , Matsuoka Moe , Michikami Tatsuhiro , Mimasu Yuya , Miura Akira , Mori Osamu , Morota Tomokatsu , Nakazawa Satoru , Namiki Noriyuki , Noda Hirotomo , Noguchi Rina , Ogawa Naoko , Ogawa Kazunori , Okada Tatsuaki , Okamoto Chisato , Ono Go , Ozaki Masanobu , Saiki Takanao , Sakatani Naoya , Sawada Hirotaka , Senshu Hiroki , Shimaki Yuri , Shirai Kei , Sugita Seiji , Takei Yuto , Takeuchi Hiroshi , Tanaka Satoshi , Tatsumi Eri , Terui Fuyuto , Tsukizaki Ryudo , Wada Koji , Yamada Manabu , Yamada Tetsuya , Yamamoto Yukio , Yano Hajime , Yokota Yasuhiro , Yoshihara Keisuke , Yoshikawa Makoto , Yoshikawa Kent , Fukai Ryota , Furuya Shizuho , Hatakeda Kentaro , Hayashi Tasuku , Hitomi Yuya , Kumagai Kazuya , Miyazaki Akiko , Nishimura Masahiro , Soejima Hiromichi , Iwamae Ayako , Yamamoto Daiki , Yoshitake Miwa , Yada Toru , Abe Masanao , Usui Tomohiro , Watanabe Sei-ichiro , Tsuda Yuichi
Published: August 2022

Volatile and organic-rich C-type asteroids may have been one of the main sources of Earth’s water. Our best insight into their chemistry is currently provided by carbonaceous chondritic meteorites, but the meteorite record is biased: only the strongest types survive atmospheric entry and are then modified by interaction with the terrestrial environment. Here we present the results of a detailed bulk and microanalytical study of pristine Ryugu particles, brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. Ryugu particles display a close compositional match with the chemically unfractionated, but aqueously altered, CI (Ivuna-type) chondrites, which are widely used as a proxy for the bulk Solar System composition. The sample shows an intricate spatial relationship between aliphatic-rich organics and phyllosilicates and indicates maximum temperatures of ~30 °C during aqueous alteration. We find that heavy hydrogen and nitrogen abundances are consistent with an outer Solar System origin. Ryugu particles are the most uncontaminated and unfractionated extraterrestrial materials studied so far, and provide the best available match to the bulk Solar System composition.
Global food insecurity and famine from reduced crop, marine fishery and livestock production due to climate disruption from nuclear war soot injection
Authors: Xia Lili , Robock Alan , Scherrer Kim , Harrison Cheryl S. , Bodirsky Benjamin Leon , Weindl Isabelle , Jägermeyr Jonas , Bardeen Charles G. , Toon Owen B. , Heneghan Ryan
Published: August 2022

Atmospheric soot loadings from nuclear weapon detonation would cause disruptions to the Earth’s climate, limiting terrestrial and aquatic food production. Here, we use climate, crop and fishery models to estimate the impacts arising from six scenarios of stratospheric soot injection, predicting the total food calories available in each nation post-war after stored food is consumed. In quantifying impacts away from target areas, we demonstrate that soot injections larger than 5 Tg would lead to mass food shortages, and livestock and aquatic food production would be unable to compensate for reduced crop output, in almost all countries. Adaptation measures such as food waste reduction would have limited impact on increasing available calories. We estimate more than 2 billion people could die from nuclear war between India and Pakistan, and more than 5 billion could die from a war between the United States and Russia—underlining the importance of global cooperation in preventing nuclear war.
Cytotoxic effects of halogenated tin phosphinoyldithioformate complexes against several cancer cell lines
Authors: Balogová Michaela , Sharma Shubham , Cherek Paulina , Ólafsson Sigurjón N. , Jónsdóttir Sigrídur , Ögmundsdóttir Helga M. , Damodaran Krishna K.
Published: August 2022

An organotina compund based on phosphonyl-dithioformate inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces programmed cell death depending on cell type and shows greater selectivity and potency than cisplatin, affecting DNA in a different way.
Identification of the U(v) complex (C5Me5)2UVI(NSiMe3) in the reaction of (C5Me5)2UIIII(THF) with N3SiMe3
Authors: Wedal Justin C. , Ziller Joseph W. , Evans William J.
Published: August 2022

The U(v) compound (C5Me5)2UVI(NSiMe3) was crystallographically characterized from the reaction of (C5Me5)2UIIII(THF) with N3SiMe3.
Simultaneously enhanced energy density and discharge efficiency of (Na0.5Bi0.5)0.7Sr0.3TiO3-La1/3(Ta0.5Nb0.5)O3 lead-free energy storage ceramics via grain inhibition and dielectric peak flattening engineering
Authors: Wang Yuesha , Chen Yanhong , Zhao Daen , Wang Hua , Zheng Qiaoji , Fan Guifen , He Xuemei , Lin Dunmin
Published: August 2022

Energy storage ceramics are widely favored for their rapid charging/discharging speed, good temperature stability and large power density.
Exploring the mechanism of Shendi Bushen capsule in anti-renal fibrosis using metabolomics theory and network analysis
Authors: Meng Tianwei , Chang Hong , Meng Hongyu
Published: August 2022

Shendi Bushen capsule (SDBS) is a Chinese patent medicine used for the treatment of renal fibrosis (RF).
Design of self-assembling mesoscopic Goldberg polyhedra
Authors: Horvath Istvan , Wales David J. , Fejer Szilard N.
Published: August 2022

Simple coulombic and excluded volume interactions can give rise to highly symmetric shells, including tetravalent Goldberg polyhedra, in a model inspired by the shape and interactions of palladium ions complexed with nonlinear bidentate ligands.
Efficient catalyst-free direct amidation of non-activated carboxylic acids from carbodiimides
Authors: Mart Mehmet , Jurczak Janusz , Karakaya Idris
Published: August 2022

This study includes a new direct amidation reaction of carboxylic acids with carbodiimides acting as a reagent instead of an activating agent under green reaction conditions providing products in up to 95% yield.
Particle-size-dependent biological distribution of gold nanoparticles after interstitial injection
Authors: Sun Huizhen , Han Dong , Gao Ya , Yan Tun , Li Tingting , Shi Yahong , Gao Songkun , Li Zhongxian , Guo Yuting , Shi Xiaoli
Published: August 2022

There are significant differences in the biological distribution of AuNPs48 and AuNPs88 after interstitial injection, suggesting that we should consider the size effect of drugs when designing nanodrugs through interstitial injection.
Reference-star differential imaging on SPHERE/IRDIS
Authors: Xie Chen , Choquet Elodie , Vigan Arthur , Cantalloube Faustine , Benisty Myriam , Boccaletti Anthony , Bonnefoy Mickael , Desgrange Celia , Garufi Antonio , Girard Julien , Hagelberg Janis , Janson Markus , Kenworthy Matthew , Lagrange Anne-Marie , Langlois Maud , Menard François , Zurlo Alice
Published: August 2022

Context. Reference-star differential imaging (RDI) is a promising technique in high-contrast imaging that is thought to be more sensitive to exoplanets and disks than angular differential imaging (ADI) at short angular separations (i.e., <0.3’). However, it is unknown whether the performance of RDI on ground-based instruments can be improved by using all the archival data to optimize the subtraction of stellar contributions.

Aims. We characterize the performance of RDI on SPHERE/IRDIS data in direct imaging of exoplanets and disks.

Methods. We made use of all the archival data in H23 obtained by SPHERE/IRDIS in the past 5 yr to build a master reference library and perform RDI. To avoid biases caused by limited test targets under specific conditions, 32 targets were selected to obtain the average performances of RDI under different conditions, and we compared the performances with those of ADI.

Results. In the point-source detection, RDI can outperform ADI at small angular separations (<0.4’) if the observing conditions are around the median conditions of our master reference library. On average, RDI has a gain of ~0.8 mag over ADI at 0.15’ separation for observations under median conditions. We demonstrate that including more reference targets in the master reference library can indeed help to improve the performance of RDI. In disk imaging, RDI can reveal more disk features and provide a more robust recovery of the disk morphology. We resolve 33 disks in total intensity (19 planet-forming disks and 14 debris disks), and 4 of them can only be detected with RDI. Two disks are resolved in scattered light for the first time. Three disks are detected in total intensity for the first time.

Conclusions. RDI is a promising imaging technique for ground-based instruments such as SPHERE. The master reference library we built in this work can be easily implemented into legacy or future SPHERE surveys to perform RDI, achieving better performance than that of ADI. To obtain optimal RDI gains over ADI, we recommend future observations be carried out under seeing conditions of 0.6’–0.8’.
Klinische Anatomie des Fußes
Authors: Peuker Elmar
Published: August 2022

Das Fußskelett hat mit 26 Knochen nur einen Knochen weniger als das
Handskelett; der Aufbau ist allerdings ähnlich komplex, wobei die
Funktionsschwerpunkte gänzlich anders sind. Im Gegensatz zur Hand
spielen Greifbewegungen beim Menschen keine große Rolle; Hauptfunktionen
des Fußes sind das Tragen der Last sowie Propriozeption und
Exterozeption zur Gleichgewichtswahrung bei der Anpassung an das
Gelände. Erfahrungsgemäß sind die anatomischen und
funktionellen Kenntnisse zum Fuß bei vielen Therapeuten deutlich weniger
präsent als beispielsweise diejenigen zur Hand. Das ist umso
verwunderlicher, weil der Fuß oft Störungen aufweist und
mittelbar an Gesundheitsstörungen beteiligt ist, die zum Teil
räumlich weit entfernt auftreten. In diesem Artikel soll versucht
werden, die in der Praxis relevanten funktionell-anatomischen Inhalte
zusammenzufassen.
Liebe Leserinnen, lieber Leser,
Authors: Agarwal Kamayni
Published: August 2022

endlich auf eigenen Füßen stehen – was für ein wunderbarer Moment in unserem Leben!
Und dann müssen wir darauf aufpassen, dass wir „niemandem auf die Füße treten“, weil
wir verstanden haben, dass es sich um ein sehr wichtiges und doch so vulnerables
Körperteil handelt, das wir leider sehr häufig vernachlässigen, weil wir uns nicht
bewusst werden, was es im täglichen Leben alles für uns verrichtet, solange es seine
Dienste leistet.
Keratoprothesen: letzte Hoffnung bei schwersten Hornhauterkrankungen
Authors: Bachmann Björn , Schaub Friederike , Cursiefen Claus
Published: August 2022

Eine Vielzahl an Hornhauterkrankungen geht mit einem hohen Versagensrisiko von Hornhauttransplantaten einher. Häufig handelt es sich um Patienten mit beidseitig hornhautbedingter Blindheit
ohne Aussicht auf Besserung. In diesen, eigentlich aussichtslosen Situationen können Keratoprothesen häufig sehr schnelle und erstaunliche Sehverbesserungen erzielen, die aber mit einem
hohen Risiko für schwerwiegende Komplikationen erkauft werden.
Transient Small Bowel Angio-oedema Secondary to Intravenous Iodinated Contrast Medium
Authors: Kalam Amjada A. , Ramaswamy Praveen Kesav
Published: August 2022

We report the clinical profile and computed tomography (CT) findings of a rare case of transient angio-edema of the small bowel following intravenous administration of non-ionic iodinated contrast material in a 36-year-old woman. The pre-contrast CT showed normal small bowel and large bowel wall thickness. Findings included long segment, circumferential bowel wall thickening involving the duodenum, jejunum, and almost the entire ileum on CT scan obtained following the intravenous contrast material injection. The large bowel wall appeared normal in post contrast images also. There was no mesenteric fat stranding, ascites or significant lymphadenopathy. This entity, like most contrast-induced adverse reactions, has a favorable clinical outcome with aggressive clinical monitoring and supportive measures.
Multicentric Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Goyal Mayank , Rozaih Komerisetty , Bhargava Salil , Sheth Swapnil , Ghuman Samarjit Singh , Buxi Tarvinder B. S.
Published: August 2022

Multicentric fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma has not been reported yet in the world as of our knowledge. A Medline search for the term “multicentric fibrolamellar HCC” did not return any results. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of multi-centric fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We present the case of a 22-year-old male patient who had complaints of epigastric pain for 1 month. His general physical examinations were normal. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed multiple hyper-enhancing space-occupying lesions, one of which showed a central scar. The final diagnosis of the case was multicentric fibrolamellar HCC, which was biopsy proven.
Review on bio-based shape-stable phase change materials for thermal energy storage and utilization
Authors: Wang Chongwei , Cheng Chuanxiao , Jin Tingxiang , Dong Hongsheng
Published: August 2022

Thermal energy storage using phase change materials (PCMs) plays a significant role in energy efficiency improvement and renewable energy utilization. However, pristine PCMs suffer from liquid leakage, low thermal conductivity, and single function. Bio-based porous materials are low-cost, environmentally friendly, and widely available, which can be used as support materials to prepare shape-stable PCMs effectively. In this article, the sources of bio-based porous materials are divided into plant-based porous materials and animal-based porous materials. To make full use of bio-based porous materials, their processing methods are systematically reviewed, including direct carbonization, hydrothermal carbonization, and activation. In addition, bio-based shape-stable PCMs in various fields, including solar energy storage, building thermal management, industrial waste heat recovery and storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, and other applications, have been summarized. Finally, the challenges and future potential of bio-based shape-stable PCMs are discussed. The utilization of bio-based PCMs may carry thermal energy storage to a new realm and prosperity with more significant economic and environmental benefits.
A photo-switchable assay system for dendrite degeneration and repair in
Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Liu Han-Hsuan , Hsu Chien-Hsiang , Jan Lily Y. , Jan Yuh-Nung
Published: August 2022

Neurodegeneration arising from aging, injury, or diseases has devastating health consequences. Whereas neuronal survival and axon degeneration have been studied extensively, much less is known about how neurodegeneration affects dendrites, in part due to the limited assay systems available. To develop an assay for dendrite degeneration and repair, we used photo-switchable caspase-3 (caspase-Light–Oxygen–Voltage-sensing [caspase-LOV]) in peripheral class 4 dendrite arborization (c4da) neurons to induce graded neurodegeneration by adjusting illumination duration during development and adulthood in
Drosophila melanogaster
. We found that both developing and mature c4da neurons were able to survive while sustaining mild neurodegeneration induced by moderate caspase-LOV activation. Further, we observed active dendrite addition and dendrite regeneration in developing and mature c4da neurons, respectively. Using this assay, we found that the mouse Wallerian degeneration slow (Wld
S
) protein can protect c4da neurons from caspase-LOV–induced dendrite degeneration and cell death. Furthermore, our data show that Wld
S
can reduce dendrite elimination without affecting dendrite addition. In summary, we successfully established a photo-switchable assay system in both developing and mature neurons and used Wld
S
as a test case to study the mechanisms underlying dendrite regeneration and repair.
Billiard-ball paradox for a quantum wave packet
Authors: Bishop Lachlan G , Ralph Timothy C , Costa Fabio
Published: August 2022

Past studies of the billiard-ball paradox, a problem involving an object that travels back in time along a closed timelike curve (CTC), typically concern themselves with entirely classical histories, whereby any trajectorial effects associated with quantum mechanics cannot manifest. Here we develop a quantum version of the paradox, wherein a (semiclassical) wave packet evolves through a region containing a wormhole time machine. This is accomplished by mapping all relevant paths on to a quantum circuit, in which the distinction of the various paths is facilitated by representing the billiard particle with a clock state. For this model, we find that Deutsch's prescription (D-CTCs) provides self-consistent solutions in the form of a mixed state composed of terms which represent every possible configuration of the particle’s evolution through the circuit. In the equivalent circuit picture (ECP), this reduces to a binomial distribution in the number of loops of time machine. The postselected teleportation prescription (P-CTCs) on the other hand predicts a pure-state solution in which the loop counts have binomial coefficient weights. We then discuss the model in the continuum limit, with a particular focus on the various methods one may employ in order to guarantee convergence in the average number of clock evolutions. Specifically, for D-CTCs, we find that it is necessary to regularise the theory’s parameters, while P-CTCs alternatively require more contrived modification.
Direct growth of hBN/Graphene heterostructure via surface deposition and segregation for independent thickness regulation
Authors: Liu Wenyu , Li Xiuting , Wang Yushu , Xu Rui , Ying Hao , Wang Le , Cheng Zhihai , Hao Yufeng , Chen Shanshan
Published: August 2022

Hexagonal boron nitride/graphene (hBN/G) vertical heterostructures have attracted extensive attention, owing to the unusual physical properties for basic research and electronic device applications. Here we report a facile deposition-segregation technique to synthesize hBN/G heterostructures on recyclable platinum (Pt) foil via low pressure chemical vapor deposition. The growth mechanism of the vertical hBN/G is demonstrated to be the surface deposition of hBN on top of the graphene segregated from the Pt foil with pre-dissolved carbon. The thickness of hBN and graphene can be controlled separately from sub-monolayer to multilayer through the fine control of the growth parameters. Further investigations by Raman, scanning Kelvin probe microscopy and transmission electron microscope show that the hBN/G inclines to form a heterostructure with strong interlayer coupling and with interlayer twist angle smaller than 1.5°. This deposition-segregation approach paves a new pathway for large-scale production of hBN/G heterostructures and could be applied to synthesize of other van der Waals heterostructures.
Transfer-free, scalable vertical heterostructure FET on MoS2/WS2 continuous films
Authors: Acar Merve , Ertuğrul Mehmet , Gür Emre
Published: August 2022

Taking into account the novel layered structure and unusual electronic properties of MoS2 and WS2 on the side the lack of dangling bonds between these two components and donor–acceptor linkage effects, growth of the MoS2/WS2 vertical heterojunction film on the amorphous SiO2/Si substrate have created high demand. In this study, we reported the continuous, scalable, and vertical MoS2/WS2 heterostructure film by using a sputtering without a transfer step. The WS2 film was continuously grown on MoS2 and eventually led to the formation of the MoS2/WS2 vertical heterojunction film. Dozens of FETs fabricated on MoS2/WS2 continuous heterojunction film were created on the same substrate in a single lithographic fabrication step, allowing them to be commercialized and not only used in research applications. RAMAN spectra proved the formation of the MoS2/WS2 heterostructure film. In XPS measurements, it was shown that a separate MoS2 and WS2 layer was grown instead of the alloy structure. The polarity behavior of the MoS2/WS2 heterostructure FET was found to be modulated with different drain voltages as p-type to ambipolar and finally n-type conductivity because of the transition of band structure and Schottky barrier heights at different drain voltages. Electron mobility (7.2 cm2 V.s−1) and on/off ratio (104–105) exhibited by the MoS2/WS2 heterostructure FETs displayed a more improved electrical performance than that of individual WS2, MoS2 devices. It was observed that the mobility value of MoS2/WS2 FET was approximately 514 times greater than WS2 FET and 800 times greater than MoS2 FET. Additionally, the MoS2/WS2 FET on/off ratio was larger than 2 order MoS2 FET and 1 order WS2 FET. The film of continuous vertical heterojunctions as in the MoS2/WS2 currents in the study would be a promising candidate for nanoelectronics fields. This work demonstrated the progress towards realizing carrier-type controlled high-performance MoS2/WS2 heterojunction-based FETs for future logic devices.
Accurate determination of MFM tip’s magnetic parameters on nanoparticles by decoupling the influence of electrostatic force
Authors: Wu Xiqi , Zhang Wenhao , Wang Wenting , Chen Yuhang
Published: August 2022

Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) has become one of the most important instruments for characterizing magnetic materials with nanoscale spatial resolution. When analyzing magnetic particles by MFM, calibration of the magnetic tips using reference magnetic nanoparticles is a prerequisite due to similar orientation and dimension of the yielded magnetic fields. However, in such a calibration process, errors caused by extra electrostatic interactions will significantly affect the output results. In this work, we evaluate the magnetic moment and dipole radius of the MFM tip on Fe3O4 nanoparticles by considering the associated electrostatic force. The coupling of electrostatic contribution on the measured MFM phase is eliminated by combining MFM and Kelvin probe force microscopy together with theoretical modeling. Numerical simulations and experiments on nickel nanoparticles demonstrate the effectiveness of decoupling. Results show that the calibrated MFM tip can enable a more accurate analysis of micro-and-nano magnetism. In addition, a fast and easy calibration method by using bimodal MFM is discussed, in which the acquisition of multiple phase shifts at different lift heights is not required.
Multi-scale structures of electric current generated by collisionless trapped-electron-mode turbulence
Authors: Chen Xiang , Lu Zhixin , Cai Huishan , Ye Lei , Chen Yang , Li Ding , Liu Jian , Liu Zhaoyuan
Published: August 2022

The spatial structure and amplitude of the current induced by collisionless trapped-electron-mode (CTEM) turbulence are investigated by gyrokinetic simulations. It is shown that the barely passing electrons play a crucial role in determining the magnitude and direction of the current density. Two characteristic radial scales of the current density are found. The fine structure (a few ion Larmor radius) of the turbulence-induced current is observed near the rational surfaces. Furthermore, the mesoscale structure (tens of ion Larmor radii) of the turbulence-induced current related to the zonal flow shear is confirmed, especially for the high toroidal mode number (n) CTEM. For the strongly driven CTEM, the zonal flow shear effect on the turbulence-induced current is significant, while it is not visible for the weakly driven CTEM. We show that the magnitude of the CTEM turbulence-induced current density features a moderate local magnitude comparable to the bootstrap current density near rational surfaces, as demonstrated by nonlinear simulations with multi-n modes.
Optimizing doping parameters of target to enhance direct-drive implosion
Authors: Zheng Guannan , Tao Tao , Jia Qing , Yan Rui , Zheng Jian
Published: August 2022

To enhance direct-drive implosion performance while keeping the risk of hydrodynamic instability at a low level, we have designed a procedure to optimize the parameters of the target doped with mid- or high-Z material. In the procedure, a one-dimensional implosion process is simulated, while the effect of high-dimensional instability on its implosion performance is simultaneously evaluated. To find the optimal doping parameters, the procedure is performed in the framework of a global optimization algorithm, where we have used particle swarm optimization in the current work. The opacity of mixture materials quickly obtained by using an interpolation method shows a good agreement with the data of TOPS, a widely-used doping program developed in the Los Alamos National Laboratory. To test the procedure, optimization has been carried out for the CH ablator in the double-cone ignition scheme (Zhang et al 2020 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 378 20200015) by doping with Si and Cl. Both one- and two-dimensional simulations show that doping with either Si or Cl can efficiently mitigate the Rayleigh–Taylor instability during the acceleration phase and does not result in significant degradation of the peak areal density. The results from one- and two-dimensional simulations qualitatively match each other, demonstrating the validity of our optimization procedure. This optimization process will be a valuable tool in assisting us in the design of the target and in furthering our understanding of direct-drive implosion physics.
The exact solutions for Kudryashov and Sinelshchikov equation with variable coefficients
Authors: CR Jisha , Dubey Ritesh Kumar , Benton Dudley , A Rashid
Published: August 2022

The Kudryashov and Sinelshchikov (KS) equation address pressure waves in liquid-gas bubble mixtures while considering heat transport and viscosity. This study mainly includes two types of generalized solutions: polynomial function traveling wave solutions and rational function traveling wave solutions. In this study, we constructed the KS equation’s exact traveling and solitary wave solutions with variable coefficients by the generalized unified method (GUM). These newly created solutions play a significant role in mathematical physics, optical fiber physics, plasma physics, and other applied science disciplines. We illustrated the dynamical behavior of the discovered solutions in three dimensions. We proposed the possibility of discussing wave interaction and other wave structures using bilinear form related to the Hirota method for the fractional solutions.
First-principles calculation of the parameters used by atomistic magnetic simulations
Authors: Mankovsky Sergiy , Ebert Hubert
Published: August 2022

While the ground state of magnetic materials is in general well described on the basis of spin density functional theory (SDFT), the theoretical description of finite-temperature and non-equilibrium properties require an extension beyond the standard SDFT. Time-dependent SDFT (TD-SDFT), which give for example access to dynamical properties are computationally very demanding and can currently be hardly applied to complex solids. Here we focus on the alternative approach based on the combination of a parameterized phenomenological spin Hamiltonian and SDFT-based electronic structure calculations, giving access to the dynamical and finite-temperature properties for example via spin-dynamics simulations using the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert (LLG) equation or Monte Carlo simulations. We present an overview on the various methods to calculate the parameters of the various phenomenological Hamiltonians with an emphasis on the KKR Green function method as one of the most flexible band structure methods giving access to practically all relevant parameters. Concerning these, it is crucial to account for the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) by performing relativistic SDFT-based calculations as it plays a key role for magnetic anisotropy and chiral exchange interactions represented by the DMI parameters in the spin Hamiltonian. This concerns also the Gilbert damping parameters characterizing magnetization dissipation in the LLG equation, chiral multispin interaction parameters of the extended Heisenberg Hamiltonian, as well as spin–lattice interaction parameters describing the interplay of spin and lattice dynamics processes, for which an efficient computational scheme has been developed recently by the present authors.
Experimental and numerical evaluation of formability in three-layer metallic sheets with various layer arrangements
Authors: Pazand Kamran , Moarrefzadeh Aiien , Morovvati Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2022

Multi-layer metallic sheets are composed of two or more metallic layers connected to each other to achieve desirable features based on the various properties of the constituent layers. This study attempted to predict the forming limits and deformation behavior of three-layer metallic sheets. Additionally, the effects of the layer arrangement on the forming limit diagram (FLD), stress triaxiality, and limiting dome height (LDH) were investigated using a finite element numerical approach. To this end, three-layer metallic sheets made of aluminum (AA3004), stainless steel (SUS304), and copper (Cu1011) bonded by polyurethane as the bonding layer were employed. The numerical results were validated using the experimental results of Nakajima stretch-forming tests. The numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental data. The results indicate that the formability of the three-layer sheet increased by placing the AA3105 layer as the inner layer in contact with the punch, the Cu1011 layer in the middle, and the SUS304 layer as the outer layer. Therefore, the formability of the Al-Cu-SUS sheet was higher than that of the other layer arrangements. Moreover, the results show that the material properties, particularly the tensile strength, play a key role in controlling the FLD of the three-layer sheets.
Physical Activity and Daily Stress Processes in Older Adulthood
Authors: Leger Kate A , Charles Susan T , Brown Colette J , Fingerman Karen L
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Older adults who are physically active report lower levels of stress. Less is known about the links between physical activity and exposure and reactivity to stressful events in daily life. The current study examined within-person associations between actigraphy-assessed daily physical activity and exposure and affective reactivity to naturally occurring interpersonal stressors.

Method

Older adults (N = 180) from the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study completed ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) every 3 hr for 5–6 days where they reported negative affect throughout the day and interpersonal tensions at the end of the day. They also wore Actical accelerometers to capture physical activity.

Results

Older adults reported greater numbers of interpersonal stressors on days when they spent less time being sedentary and engaged in more light physical activity. On days when older adults experienced more interpersonal stressors, they reported higher levels of negative affect, but this association was attenuated when they were more physically active that day.

Discussion

Physical activity may bolster older adults’ capabilities to manage affective responses to interpersonal stressors in a more successful way. These findings underscore the importance of assessing physical activity and stressful events in daily life and have implications for both physical and psychological well-being.
Fully Nonlinear Elliptic Equations with Gradient Terms on Hermitian Manifolds
Authors: Guan Bo , Nie Xiaolan
Published: August 2022

We derive a priori 2nd-order estimates for fully nonlinear elliptic equations that depend on the gradients of solutions on compact Hermitian manifolds, which is a crucial step in solving the equations. We introduce the concept of rank of the tangent cones at infinity to level hypersurfaces of the defining function of the equation to overcome difficulties caused by presence of the gradient terms. We were motivated by the fact that there had been increasing interests in fully nonlinear PDEs from complex geometry and aimed to develop general methods to cover a wide class of equations.
Work–family imbalance, social support and health: a population-based study
Authors: Arik Tasyikan H , Demiral Y
Published: August 2022

Background

Work–family imbalance is a crucial determinant of workers’ health. Studies examining the impact of multiple roles in the workplace, conducted in low- and middle-income countries, are limited.

Aims

To determine the association of work–family imbalance with self-perceived health (SPH) both in men and women, and to examine the interaction of social support with work–family imbalance on this association in a district in western Turkey.

Methods

This population-based cross-sectional study’s sample was randomly derived from working residents aged 30–64 living in Balcova District, Turkey. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted for the associations between SPH, social support at home and at work, work–family conflict (WFC) and family–work conflict (FWC). Social support variables were considered as possible effect modifiers.

Results

Work to family variables had an independent, significant association with poor SPH [odds ratio (OR) = 2.92 (95% CI 1.47–5.78) for WFC, and 2.38 (95% CI 1.22–4.67) for FWC] in only women. In advanced analyses, both social support at work and at home were effect modifiers of the association between FWC and SPH in women (P < 0.001). In men, SPH was significantly associated only with job insecurity [OR = 2.52 (1.22–5.21)].

Conclusions

Further studies should be conducted to implement effective population prevention strategies to establish work–family balance and to reduce this double burden on women, specifically in low- and middle-income countries.
Diagnostic Performance of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast-Enhanced Perfusion-Weighted Imaging in Differentiating Recurrence From Radiation Injury in Postoperative Glioma: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Hui-Mei , Huo Xiao-Bing , Wang Hua-Long , Wang Chen
Published: August 2022

Purpose

It is important to differentiate between radiation injury (RI) and tumor recurrence (TR) in patients with glioma after surgery and radiotherapy. Our objective was to evaluate the use of dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion-weighted imaging to distinguish between TR and RI in patients with glioma.

Methods

Relevant studies published until October 2021 were identified in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Stata v12.0 and RevMan 5.3 were used for meta-analysis.

Results

In total, the meta-analysis incorporated 13 retrospective studies that included 513 patients with 522 lesions. Among the 522 lesions, 329 lesions were TRs and 193 lesions were RIs. The pooled relative cerebral blood volume value was significantly greater in the TR group (P < 0.00001) with significant heterogeneity (I
2 = 88%). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were 83% (95 confidence interval [CI], 77%–88%), 85% (95 CI, 77%–91%), 5.60 (95 CI, 3.61–8.70), and 0.20 (95% CI, 0.14–0.27), respectively. The heterogeneity of sensitivity (I
2 = 33.18%), specificity (I
2 = 24.01%), PLR (I
2 = 0.00%), and NLR (I
2 = 6.68%) is not significant. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88–0.93). The 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging, high-grade glioma, and Europe/America patient subgroups showed PLR greater than 5 and NLR less than 0.2. There was no significant indication of publication bias in the analysis (P = 0.496).

Conclusions

It is concluded that dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion-weighted imaging is effective for the diagnostic differentiation between TR and RI in patients with glioma.
A Retrospective Study Examining the Presentation and Management of Maxillofacial Soft Tissue Injuries Over 3 Years at a Regional Children’s Hospital and the Introduction of a Maxillofacial Laceration Grading Scale
Authors: Chundoo Shima , McMillan Kevin , Williams Rhodri
Published: August 2022

Pediatric trauma has been affected by COVID-19, school closures, and stay at home advice. Health seeking behavior has decreased. The aim of this study is to assess trends in the presentation of maxillofacial soft tissue injuries and subsequent management within a regional pediatric hospital.

Retrospective study over a 3-year period (from 2019 to 2021 between the months of January and April). Inclusion of all pediatric patients seen by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery team.

Between 2019 and 2021, the total number of patients dropped by over half. The average age dropped from 5.9 in 2019 to 3.8 in 2021. Males were more commonly seen. Falls are the most common cause of injuries across 2019 to 2021. Extraoral injuries increased by 21%. Intraoral injuries reduced by 8%. Lip lacerations accounted for most injuries. In 2020, there was 21% reduction in conservative management of injuries. Wound closure under local anesthetic peaked in 2020, by 12%. Wound closure under general anesthetic has increased by 5%, and accounts for nearly a third of all injuries in 2020 and 2021.

Patients are becoming younger and more likely to be male. Conservative management is most common but closure under local anesthetic and general anesthetic has increased. This may indicate an increase in the severity of soft tissue injuries or a trend toward operative management. We also introduce a laceration grading scale for clinician use to assist in assessing and documenting injury severity. Further research is needed to assess whether these trends continue or revert to prepandemic trends.
Diabetic Neuropathy Is Independently Associated With Worse Graft Outcomes and Incident Cardiovascular Disease After Pancreas Transplantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Boswell Laura , Ventura-Aguiar Pedro , Alejaldre Aida , Navarro-Otano Judith , Cofan Frederic , Serés-Noriega Tonet , Pané Adriana , Montagud-Marrahi Enrique , Molina-Andújar Alicia , Ruiz Montserrat , Cucchiari David , Musquera Mireia , Ferrer-Fàbrega Joana , Diekmann Fritz , Esmatjes Enric , Amor Antonio J.
Published: August 2022

Background.

Information about the impact of diabetic neuropathy (DN) on outcomes after pancreas transplantation (PT) is scarce. We assessed the independent relationship between DN markers with both graft survival and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) after transplantation.

Methods.

A cohort study in individuals with type 1 diabetes and end-stage kidney disease who underwent PT between 1999 and 2015 was conducted. DN was assessed with vibration perception thresholds (VPTs) and orthostatic hypotension (pre-PT and 6 mo, 2–3, 5–6, and 8–10 y after transplantation). Pretransplantation and posttransplantation DN markers were related with graft failure/dysfunction and incident CVD during follow-up.

Results.

We included 187 participants (70% men, age 39.9 ± 7.1 y, diabetes duration 27.1 y), with a median follow-up of 11.3 y. Abnormal VPTs (≥25 V) were observed in 53%. After transplantation, VPTs improved (22.4 ± 8.4 pretransplant versus 16.1 ± 6.1 V at 8–10 y post-PT; P < 0.001); additionally, the prevalence of abnormal VPTs decreased (53% pretransplant versus 24.4% at 8–10 y; P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, diabetes duration, blood pressure, body mass index, and previous CVD, pretransplant VPTs ≥25 V were independently associated with pancreas graft failure/dysfunction (hazard ratio [HR], 2.01 [1.01-4.00]) and incident CVD (HR, 2.57 [1.17-5.64]). Furthermore, persistent abnormal VPTs after 6 mo posttransplantation were associated with the worst outcomes (HR, 2.80 [1.25-6.23] and HR, 3.19 [1.14-8.96], for graft failure/dysfunction and incident CVD, respectively).

Conclusions.

In individuals with type 1 diabetes and end-stage kidney disease, PT was associated with an improvement of VPTs. This simple and widely available DN study was independently associated with pancreas graft function and CVD posttransplantation.
Visualization for epidemiological modelling: challenges, solutions, reflections and recommendations
Authors: Dykes Jason , Abdul-Rahman Alfie , Archambault Daniel , Bach Benjamin , Borgo Rita , Chen Min , Enright Jessica , Fang Hui , Firat Elif E. , Freeman Euan , Gönen Tuna , Harris Claire , Jianu Radu , John Nigel W. , Khan Saiful , Lahiff Andrew , Laramee Robert S. , Matthews Louise , Mohr Sibylle , Nguyen Phong H. , Rahat Alma A. M. , Reeve Richard , Ritsos Panagiotis D. , Roberts Jonathan C. , Slingsby Aidan , Swallow Ben , Torsney-Weir Thomas , Turkay Cagatay , Turner Robert , Vidal Franck P. , Wang Qiru , Wood Jo , Xu Kai
Published: August 2022

We report on an ongoing collaboration between epidemiological modellers and visualization researchers by documenting and reflecting upon knowledge constructs—a series of ideas, approaches and methods taken from existing visualization research and practice—deployed and developed to support modelling of the COVID-19 pandemic. Structured independent commentary on these efforts is synthesized through iterative reflection to develop: evidence of the effectiveness and value of visualization in this context; open problems upon which the research communities may focus; guidance for future activity of this type and recommendations to safeguard the achievements and promote, advance, secure and prepare for future collaborations of this kind. In describing and comparing a series of related projects that were undertaken in unprecedented conditions, our hope is that this unique report, and its rich interactive supplementary materials, will guide the scientific community in embracing visualization in its observation, analysis and modelling of data as well as in disseminating findings. Equally we hope to encourage the visualization community to engage with impactful science in addressing its emerging data challenges. If we are successful, this showcase of activity may stimulate mutually beneficial engagement between communities with complementary expertise to address problems of significance in epidemiology and beyond. Seehttps://ramp-vis.github.io/RAMPVIS-PhilTransA-Supplement/.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Technical challenges of modelling real-life epidemics and examples of overcoming these’.
Fitting the reproduction number from UK coronavirus case data and why it is close to 1
Authors: Ackland Graeme J. , Ackland James A. , Antonioletti Mario , Wallace David J.
Published: August 2022

We present a method for rapid calculation of coronavirus growth rates and

R

-numbers tailored to publicly available UK data. We assume that the case data comprise a smooth, underlying trend which is differentiable, plus systematic errors and a non-differentiable noise term, and use bespoke data processing to remove systematic errors and noise. The approach is designed to prioritize up-to-date estimates. Our method is validated against published consensus

R

-numbers from the UK government and is shown to produce comparable results two weeks earlier. The case-driven approach is combined with weight–shift–scale methods to monitor trends in the epidemic and for medium-term predictions. Using case-fatality ratios, we create a narrative for trends in the UK epidemic: increased infectiousness of the B1.117 (Alpha) variant, and the effectiveness of vaccination in reducing severity of infection. For longer-term future scenarios, we base future

R
(
t
)

on insight from localized spread models, which show

R
(
t
)

going asymptotically to 1 after a transient, regardless of how large the

R

transient is. This accords with short-lived peaks observed in case data. These cannot be explained by a well-mixed model and are suggestive of spread on a localized network.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Technical challenges of modelling real-life epidemics and examples of overcoming these’.
Estimating SARS-CoV-2 variant fitness and the impact of interventions in England using statistical and geo-spatial agent-based models
Authors: Hinch Robert , Panovska-Griffiths Jasmina , Probert William J. M. , Ferretti Luca , Wymant Chris , Di Lauro Francesco , Baya Nikolas , Ghafari Mahan , Abeler-Dörner Lucie ,   The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Fraser Christophe
Published: August 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has been extended by the evolution of more transmissible viral variants. In autumn 2020, the B.1.177 lineage became the dominant variant in England, before being replaced by the B.1.1.7 (Alpha) lineage in late 2020, with the sweep occurring at different times in each region. This period coincided with a large number of non-pharmaceutical interventions (e.g. lockdowns) to control the epidemic, making it difficult to estimate the relative transmissibility of variants. In this paper, we model the spatial spread of these variants in England using a meta-population agent-based model which correctly characterizes the regional variation in cases and distribution of variants. As a test of robustness, we additionally estimated the relative transmissibility of multiple variants using a statistical model based on the renewal equation, which simultaneously estimates the effective reproduction number
R
. Relative to earlier variants, the transmissibility of B.1.177 is estimated to have increased by 1.14 (1.12–1.16) and that of Alpha by 1.71 (1.65–1.77). The vaccination programme starting in December 2020 is also modelled. Counterfactual simulations demonstrate that the vaccination programme was essential for reopening in March 2021, and that if the January lockdown had started one month earlier, up to 30 k (24 k–38 k) deaths could have been prevented.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Technical challenges of modelling real-life epidemics and examples of overcoming these’.
Compositional modelling of immune response and virus transmission dynamics
Authors: Waites W. , Cavaliere M. , Danos V. , Datta R. , Eggo R. M. , Hallett T. B. , Manheim D. , Panovska-Griffiths J. , Russell T. W. , Zarnitsyna V. I.
Published: August 2022

Transmission models for infectious diseases are typically formulated in terms of dynamics between individuals or groups with processes such as disease progression or recovery for each individual captured phenomenologically, without reference to underlying biological processes. Furthermore, the construction of these models is often monolithic: they do not allow one to readily modify the processes involved or include the new ones, or to combine models at different scales. We show how to construct a simple model of immune response to a respiratory virus and a model of transmission using an easily modifiable set of rules allowing further refining and merging the two models together. The immune response model reproduces the expected response curve of PCR testing for COVID-19 and implies a long-tailed distribution of infectiousness reflective of individual heterogeneity. This immune response model, when combined with a transmission model, reproduces the previously reported shift in the population distribution of viral loads along an epidemic trajectory.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Technical challenges of modelling real-life epidemics and examples of overcoming these’.