bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resilient Learners, Learning Resilience: Contemplative Practice in the Sustainability Classroom
Authors: Goralnik Lissy , Marcus Sonia
Published: March 2020

Through literature review, anecdote, and empirical case study, this chapter explores the role of contemplative practice—yoga, meditation, reflection, breathwork—in the sustainability classroom as a way to increase both learner resilience and learner capacity to engage the challenging content of socio‐ecological resilience.
Faculty Integration of Sustainability Learning Outcomes Into Curriculum: A Case Study of a Faculty Learning Community and Teaching Practices
Authors: Natkin Lisa W. , Hill Laura M.
Published: March 2020

This chapter describes how faculty at the University of Vermont are trained to teach their university‐wide sustainability general education requirement and how they execute teaching in the classroom.
The Ideal Outcome of Education for Sustainability: Transformative Sustainability Learning
Authors: Michel Jessica Ostrow , Holland LeAnn M. , Brunnquell Claudine , Sterling Stephen
Published: March 2020

This chapter presents an overview of transformative learning theory while illuminating its connections to education for sustainability.
Observing once‐in‐a‐lifetime weather: the winter of 1981–1982 in Tenbury Wells
Authors: Sholl Alan
Published: March 2020

The severe winter weather that prevailed during the period between 7 December 1981 and 18 January 1982 was truly a once‐in‐a‐lifetime experience. During this six‐week period, two episodes of heavy snowfall were followed by clearing skies and exceptionally low temperatures, both by day and by night. This account reports the author's recollections of observing daily weather conditions in rural Worcestershire during this memorable winter.
The geometric Standard Model Effective Field Theory
Authors: Helset Andreas , Martin Adam , Trott Michael
Published: March 2020

Abstract

We develop the geometric formulation of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). Using this approach we derive all-orders results in the $$ \sqrt{2\left\langle {H}^{\dagger }H\right\rangle }/\Lambda $$

2

H
†

H

/
Λ
expansion relevant for studies of Electroweak Precision and Higgs data.
New limits on neutrino non-unitary mixings based on prescribed singular values
Authors: Flieger Wojciech , Gluza Janusz , Porwit Kamil
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Singular values are used to construct physically admissible 3-dimensional mixing matrices characterized as contractions. Depending on the number of singular values strictly less than one, the space of the 3-dimensional mixing matrices can be split into four disjoint subsets, which accordingly corresponds to the minimal number of additional, non-standard neutrinos. We show in numerical analysis that taking into account present experimental precision and fits to different neutrino mass splitting schemes, it is not possible to distinguish, on the level of 3-dimensional mixing matrices, between two and three extra neutrino states. It means that in 3+2 and 3+3 neutrino mixing scenarios, using the so-called α parametrization, ranges of non-unitary mixings are the same. However, on the level of a complete unitary 3+1 neutrino mixing matrix, using the dilation procedure and the Cosine-Sine decomposition, we were able to shrink bounds for the “light-heavy” mixing matrix elements. For instance, in the so-called seesaw mass scheme, a new upper limit on |Ue4| is about two times stringent than before and equals 0.021. For all considered mass schemes the lowest bounds are also obtained for all mixings, i.e. |Ue4|, |Uμ4|, |Uτ4|. New results obtained in this work are based on analysis of neutrino mixing matrices obtained from the global fits at the 95% CL.
Human host defense peptide LL-37 facilitates double-stranded RNA pro-inflammatory signaling through up-regulation of TLR3 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Dahl Sara , Cerps Samuel , Rippe Catarina , Swärd Karl , Uller Lena , Svensson Daniel , Nilsson Bengt-Olof
Published: March 2020

Objective

The importance of human host defense peptide LL-37 in vascular innate immunity is not understood. Here, we assess the impact of LL-37 on double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) signaling in human vascular smooth muscle cells.

Materials and methods

Cellular import of LL-37 and synthetic dsRNA (poly I:C) were investigated by immunocytochemistry and fluorescence imaging. Transcript and protein expression were determined by qPCR, ELISA and Western blot. Knockdown of TLR3 was performed by siRNA.

Results

LL-37 was rapidly internalized, suggesting that it has intracellular actions. Co-stimulation with poly I:C and LL-37 enhanced pro-inflammatory IL-6 and MCP-1 transcripts several fold compared to treatment with poly I:C or LL-37 alone. Poly I:C increased IL-6 and MCP-1 protein production, and this effect was potentiated by LL-37. LL-37-induced stimulation of poly I:C signaling was not associated with enhanced import of poly I:C. Treatment with poly I:C and LL-37 in combination increased expression of dsRNA receptor TLR3 compared to stimulation with poly I:C or LL-37 alone. In TLR3 knockdown cells, treatment with poly I:C and LL-37 in combination had no effect on IL-6 and MCP-1 expression, showing loss of function.

Conclusions

LL-37 potentiates dsRNA-induced cytokine production through up-regulation of TLR3 expression representing a novel pro-inflammatory mechanism.
Shoulder injuries in polytraumatized patients: an analysis of the TraumaRegister DGU®
Authors: Briese Thorben , Theisen Christina , Schliemann Benedikt , Raschke Michael J. , Lefering Rolf , Weimann Andre
Published: March 2020

Background

The aim of the present study was to analyze the prevalence, epidemiology and relevance of shoulder injuries in polytraumatized patients in a large national trauma database.

We hypothesize a high prevalence of shoulder injuries in traffic accidents and a high prevalence of concomitant injuries of the thorax leading to an aggravated clinical course and higher Injury Severity Score (ISS). Furthermore, we hypothesize an increased rate of surgical treatment with the severity of the injury.

Materials and methods

The retrospective analysis is based on the database (2002–2013) of the TraumaRegister DGU® and includes statistical data from 608 hospitals. The severity of injuries and trauma were scaled using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), and the Injury Severity Score (ISS), respectively. Patients with an ISS ≥ 16 were included in the study, and injuries were subdivided according to their anatomical involvement and analyzed with respect to the trauma mechanism and the resulting injuries.

Results

In this study, 54,076 cases of patients with an ISS ≥ 16 were analyzed. Shoulder injuries occurred in 15,115 patients (27.9%). Of these, 68.5% were caused by traffic accidents, especially in motorbike, bicycle, and pedestrian accidents. We found more shoulder injuries in blunt trauma mechanisms. Moreover, patients with shoulder injuries spent on average 1.7 more days on the intensive care unit (ICU), or intermediate care unit (IMCU), according to the severity of the injury, and had longer overall hospital stays (26.2 vs. 24.1 days) than patients without shoulder injuries. The overall ISS was increased in patients with shoulder injuries, whereas an increase of mortality could not be identified. Concomitant thoracic injuries occurred significantly more often in patients with shoulder injuries (82.9% vs. 69.6%). Injuries of the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremity showed no correlation with shoulder injuries, whereas head and spine injuries showed a significant correlation.

Conclusion

Shoulder injuries are very common in polytraumatized patients. Together with their distinctive concomitant injuries, they have an aggravating impact on the clinical progress. Our data confirm the correlation with thoracic injuries. Furthermore, we identified an increased risk of shoulder injuries in motorbike, bicycle, and pedestrian accidents. An increase in mortality could not be identified.
Models for autoregressive processes of bounded counts: How different are they?
Authors: Kim Hee-Young , Weiß Christian H. , Möller Tobias A.
Published: March 2020

We focus on purely autoregressive (AR)-type models defined on the bounded range $$\{0,1,\ldots , n\}$$

{
0
,
1
,
…
,
n
}

with a fixed upper limit $$n \in \mathbb {N}$$

n
∈
N

. These include the binomial AR model, binomial AR conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) model, binomial-variation AR model with their linear conditional mean, nonlinear max-binomial AR model, and binomial logit-ARCH model. We consider the key problem of identifying which of these AR-type models is the true data-generating process. Despite the volume of the literature on model selection, little is known about this procedure in the context of nonnested and nonlinear time series models for counts. We consider the most popular approaches used for model identification, Akaike’s information criterion and the Bayesian information criterion, and compare them using extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, we investigate the properties of the fitted models (both the correct and wrong models) obtained using maximum likelihood estimation. A real-data example demonstrates our findings.
Cold and heavy: grasping the temperature–weight illusion
Authors: Kuhtz-Buschbeck Johann P. , Hagenkamp Johanna
Published: March 2020

The apparent heaviness of weights placed on the skin depends on their temperature. We studied the effects of such a temperature–weight illusion (TWI) on perception and action in 21 healthy volunteers. Cold (18 °C), thermal-neutral (32 °C, skin temperature) and warm (41 °C) test objects were placed onto the palm of the non-dominant hand. Their veridical mass was 350 g (light) or 700 g (heavy). Perception of heaviness was assessed with two psychophysical experiments (magnitude estimation, cross modal matching). Cold heavy objects felt about 20% heavier than thermal-neutral objects of the same mass, shape and material. In a subsequent grip-lift experiment, the test objects were grasped with a precision grip of the dominant hand and lifted off the palm of the non-dominant hand. The grip and lift forces exerted by the fingertips were recorded. The temperature of the objects had significant effects (ANOVA, p < 0.05) on the peak grip and lift forces and on the peak grip force rate (i.e., the initial force incline). The peak grip force was about 10% higher when cold heavy objects were grasped and lifted, compared to lifts of otherwise identical thermal-neutral objects. The TWI was less pronounced when light objects or warm objects were handled. In conclusion, cooling of an object increases its apparent heaviness (perception) and influences scaling of the fingertip forces during grasping and lifting (action).
Spectroscopic studies on the molecular interactions of curcumin and piperine
Authors: Traxler Florian , Schinnerl Johann , Brecker Lothar
Published: March 2020

The diarylheptanoid curcumin is the yellow coloring agent accumulated in the rhizome of the common spice turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). It has gathered a lot of pharmaceutical interest over the last decades due to some positive effects on human health. However, the use of curcumin as a drug is prevented by its low bioavailability and solubility in water. Interestingly, piperine, the pungent constituent of household pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is able to increase the bioavailability of curcumin up to 20-fold without any known adverse effects. The mechanism responsible for this piperine-based increase of curcumin bioavailability is, however, not fully understood. In a recent publication, a quantum chemical study suggested the formation of a molecular complex between curcumin and piperine being responsible for this effect. The present work now revealed that indeed a 1:1 complex formation can be observed in NMR titration experiments and by mass spectrometry, but the complex strength is rather low (K ~ 1.5 dm3/mol). Furthermore, it is shown that the presence of piperine does not increase the water solubility of curcumin, which makes it rather improbable that such a complex is the main reason for an enhanced curcumin bioavailability.

Graphic abstract
Ethical Consumption Communities Across Physical and Digital Spaces: An Exploration of Their Complementary and Synergistic Affordances
Authors: Hoelscher Vera , Chatzidakis Andreas
Published: March 2020

While there is an extensive body of literature about the impact of sharing physical space on ethical consumption, and a growing body of literature that addresses the impact of digital technologies on ethical consumption, there is little research on the increasing intersections between the physical and digital realms. This study explores the distinct affordances of physical and digital spaces and how they may work in both complementary and synergistic fashions. Drawing on an ethnographic study of two ethical consumption communities in North London, UK, we explore how ethical consumers navigate and negotiate both physical and digital spaces, taking advantage of such affordances. We develop the notion ofchorophilia, or love for physical space, explore digital commitments and synergistic affordances of scaling up, and advancepolytopes,which focus on the relationality of digital-physical spaces. Implications and avenues for future research are also discussed.
Willingness to Pay for $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ Emission Reductions in Passenger Car Transport
Authors: Hulshof Daan , Mulder Machiel
Published: March 2020

Passenger car transportation is a major contributor to global carbon emissions. Despite a range of policy measures, the European passenger car fleet remains largely running on fossil fuels. It is questionable whether the lack of emission reductions can be attributed to a lack of consumer preferences for low-emission cars because consumers may have imperfect information about cars’ emissions and the availability of clean cars remains limited. This paper investigates the preferences of consumers for emission reductions in passenger car transport. We estimate the willingness to pay of passenger car buyers for$$\hbox {CO}_2$$CO2emission reductions by means of a choice experiment amongst a sample of 1471 individuals that represents the Dutch adult population with the intention to buy a car. The main results are that the mean willingness to pay for emission reductions equals €199 per tonne, and that the majority of individuals is willing to pay more than the current market premium for two selected hybrid types. These results suggest there is a large market potential for emission reductions in passenger car transport. Our findings imply that providing consumers with trustworthy information can be considered a key policy tool for achieving emission reductions in passenger car transport.
Applying the exposome concept in birth cohort research: a review of statistical approaches
Authors: Santos Susana , Maitre Léa , Warembourg Charline , Agier Lydiane , Richiardi Lorenzo , Basagaña Xavier , Vrijheid Martine
Published: March 2020

The exposome represents the totality of life course environmental exposures (including lifestyle and other non-genetic factors), from the prenatal period onwards. This holistic concept of exposure provides a new framework to advance the understanding of complex and multifactorial diseases. Prospective pregnancy and birth cohort studies provide a unique opportunity for exposome research as they are able to capture, from prenatal life onwards, both the external (including lifestyle, chemical, social and wider community-level exposures) and the internal (including inflammation, metabolism, epigenetics, and gut microbiota) domains of the exposome. In this paper, we describe the steps required for applying an exposome approach, describe the main strengths and limitations of different statistical approaches and discuss their challenges, with the aim to provide guidance for methodological choices in the analysis of exposome data in birth cohort studies. An exposome approach implies selecting, pre-processing, describing and analyzing a large set of exposures. Several statistical methods are currently available to assess exposome-health associations, which differ in terms of research question that can be answered, of balance between sensitivity and false discovery proportion, and between computational complexity and simplicity (parsimony). Assessing the association between many exposures and health still raises many exposure assessment issues and statistical challenges. The exposome favors a holistic approach of environmental influences on health, which is likely to allow a more complete understanding of disease etiology.
Worldview Under Stress: Preliminary Findings on Cardiovascular and Cortisol Stress Responses Predicted by Secularity, Religiosity, Spirituality, and Existential Search
Authors: Schnell Tatjana , Fuchs Dietmar , Hefti René
Published: March 2020

This study reports preliminary findings on the hypothesis that worldview can predict cardiovascular and cortisol responses to social stress. Based on theory and previous findings, we assumed that worldview security would provide a basis for stress resilience. Accordingly, religious and atheist individuals were expected to show higher stress resilience than spiritual and agnostic participants. Likewise, dimensional measures of religiosity and atheism were hypothesized to predict decreased, and existential search—indicating worldview insecurity—was hypothesized to predict increased physiological stress responses. Subjects included 50 university students who completed online questionnaires and took part in a standardized social stress test (Trier Social Stress Test). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), heart rate (HR), and salivary cortisol (SC) were assessed at baseline, immediately after stress testing, and during a forty-minute recovery period. Worldview comparisons revealed lower cardiovascular stress responses among religious than among atheist and spiritual participants and particularly high baseline SC among spiritual participants. Across the entire sample, existential search showed substantial positive correlations with SBP, HR, and SC stress parameters. The findings suggest that worldview security might partly explain the health benefits often associated with religion.
An EQ-5D-5L Value Set for Vietnam
Authors: Mai Vu Quynh , Sun Sun , Minh Hoang Van , Luo Nan , Giang Kim Bao , Lindholm Lars , Sahlen Klas Goran
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The objective of this study was to develop an EQ-5D-5L value set based on the health preferences of the general adult population of Vietnam.

Methods

The EQ-VT protocol version 2.1 was applied. Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was employed to recruit a nationally representative sample. Both composite time trade-off (C-TTO) and discrete choice experiment (DCE) methods were used. Several modelling approaches were considered including hybrid; tobit; panel and heteroscedastic models. First, models using C-TTO or DCE data were tested separately. Then possibility of combining the C-TTO and DCE data was examined. Hybrid models were tested if it was sensible to combine both types of data. The best-performing model was selected based on both the consistency of the results produced and the degree to which models used all the available data.

Results

Data from 1200 respondents representing the general Vietnamese adult population were included in the analyses. Only the DCE Logit model and the regular Hybrid model that uses all available data produced consistent results. As the priority was to use all available data if possible, the hybrid model was selected to generate the Vietnamese value set. Mobility had the largest effect on health state values, followed by pain/discomfort, usual activities, anxiety/depression and self-care. The Vietnam values ranged from − 0.5115 to 1.

Conclusion

This is the first value set for EQ-5D-5L based on social preferences obtained from a nationally representative sample in Vietnam. The value set will likely play a key role in economic evaluations and health technology assessments in Vietnam.
Drift estimation for a Lévy-driven Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process with heavy tails
Authors: Gushchin Alexander , Pavlyukevich Ilya , Ritsch Marian
Published: March 2020

We consider the problem of estimation of the drift parameter of an ergodic Ornstein–Uhlenbeck type process driven by a Lévy process with heavy tails. The process is observed continuously on a long time interval [0, T], $$T\rightarrow \infty $$

T
→
∞

. We prove that the statistical model is locally asymptotic mixed normal and the maximum likelihood estimator is asymptotically efficient.
Connecting Diffraction-Based Strain with Macroscopic Stresses in Laser Powder Bed Fused Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Mishurova Tatiana , Artzt Katia , Haubrich Jan , Evsevleev Sergei , Evans Alexander , Meixner Matthias , Munoz Itziar Serrano , Sevostianov Igor , Requena Guillermo , Bruno Giovanni
Published: March 2020

The laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) production process often results in large residual stress (RS) in the parts. Nondestructive techniques to determine RS are badly needed. However, a reliable quantification of macro-RS (i.e., stress at the component level) by means of diffraction-based techniques is still a great challenge, because the link between diffraction-based strain and macro-RS is not trivial. In this study, we experimentally determine (by means ofin-situsynchrotron radiation diffraction) this link for LPBF Ti-6Al-4V. We compare our results with commonly used models to determine the so-called diffraction elastic constants (DECs). We show that LPBF materials possess different DECs than wrought alloys, simply because their microstructural and mechanical properties are different. We also show that the existing models can be used to calculate DECs only if high accuracy of the RS values is not required. If the peculiarities of the microstructure have to be taken into account (as is the case of additively manufactured materials), a radically new approach is desirable.
Investigation on influence of drilling unloading on wellbore stability in clay shale formation
Authors: Ding Yi , Liu Xiang-Jun , Luo Ping-Ya
Published: March 2020

Wellbore collapse frequently happens in the clay shale formation. To maintain wellbore stability, appropriate mud pressure is a vital factor. When clay formation is opened, drilling unloading occurs, modifying rock structure and strength at the wall of borehole, which affects the selection of mud pressure. Currently, mechanism of drilling unloading is still poorly understood which in return will bring a concern to wellbore stability. Therefore, in this study, a combination of triaxial compressive test and ultrasonic wave test has been used to simulate drilling unloading and analyze its mechanism. Results indicate that more void space is created inside the clay shale sample due to unloading. This structure change leads to a decline of strength and acoustic amplitude. Additionally, unloading influence is depended on varying drilling unloading parameters. Small unloading range and fast unloading rate are able to enhance stability. With various degrees of unloading impact, collapse pressure equivalent density has a clear modification, proving that unloading is a non-negligible influencing factor of wellbore stability. Besides, the unloading effect is much stronger in large confining pressure, implying that more attention should be given to unloading when drilling is in extreme deep or high geostress formation. Findings in this paper can offer theoretical guidance for drilling in the clay shale formation.
A two-step method to apply Xu–Payne multi-porosity model to estimate pore type from seismic data for carbonate reservoirs
Authors: Li Hong-Bing , Zhang Jia-Jia , Cai Sheng-Juan , Pan Hao-Jie
Published: March 2020

Carbonate reservoirs exhibit strong heterogeneity in the distribution of pore types that can be quantitatively characterized by applying Xu–Payne multi-porosity model. However, there are some prerequisites to this model the porosity and saturation need to be provided. In general, these application conditions are difficult to satisfy for seismic data. In order to overcome this problem, we present a two-step method to estimate the porosity and saturation and pore type of carbonate reservoirs from seismic data. In step one, the pore space of the carbonate reservoir is equivalent to a single-porosity system with an effective pore aspect ratio; then, a 3D rock-physics template (RPT) is established through the Gassmann’s equations and effective medium models; and then, the effective aspect ratio of pore, porosity and fluid saturation are simultaneously estimated from the seismic data based on 3D RPT. In step two, the pore space of the carbonate reservoir is equivalent to a triple-porosity system. Combined with the inverted porosity and saturation in the first step, the porosities of three pore types can be inverted from the seismic elastic properties. The application results indicate that our method can obtain accurate physical properties consistent with logging data and ensure the reliability of characterization of pore type.
Applying Lithium-Ion Second Life Batteries for Off-Grid Solar Powered System—A Socio-Economic Case Study for Rural Development
Authors: Falk Joern , Nedjalkov Antonio , Angelmahr Martin , Schade Wolfgang
Published: March 2020

Socio-economic development in the rural regions of Africa cannot succeed without suitable infrastructure. An essential key to this is electrification. Despite various national and international activities and expansion programmes, and a wide variety of actors, their implementation is progressing slowly. In order to supply remote areas with electricity, off-grid system technologies have become increasingly common in recent years. In this article, we present the use of a photovoltaic system in conjunction with a 85 kWh second life lithium-ion battery (LIB) as an off-grid hybrid system to electrify an island in Lake Victoria in Tanzania as a socio-economic case study.

This off-grid hybrid system was able to supply an average of 42.31 kWh of energy per day, with the daily demand of the key infrastructure successfully connected in the project, such as the local hospital and school, amounting to 18.75 kWh. The scaled annual production of 15,443.16 kWh offers enough potential to include private households as well as the local fishing industry in the power supply. Assuming an expected lifetime of 15 years, the described system amortises itself from the 4th year. In addition, this project should also serve as a possible second life scenario for batteries with regard to the rapidly developing global electromobility and the perspective return of used LIBs. An economic and an ecological evaluation shows a solution approach of using a second life lithium-ion battery compared to a conventional diesel generator solution. The consideration of health aspects is included in the evaluation.
Interest-driven video creation for learning mathematics
Authors: Huang Mark Cheng-Li , Chou Chih-Yueh , Wu Ying-Tien , Shih Ju-Ling , Yeh Charles Y. C. , Lao Andrew C. C. , Fong Herman , Lin Yu-Feng , Chan Tak-Wai
Published: March 2020

The teacher-directed approach characteristic of the traditional classroom normally adopted by mathematics teachers provides few opportunities for students to develop their mathematical problem-solving skills and little encouragement for them to engage in conversation. Furthermore, this approach might not be flexible to students’ individual learning needs and could generate low interest in mathematics among students. To reduce these learning problems, this study proposes a student-centered learning activity called interest-driven video creation, which adopts interest-driven creator (IDC) theory in its design. By viewing cognitive apprenticeship strategies as subcomponent concepts of the creation loop in IDC theory, this study could articulate and enrich the creation loop model of IDC design in mathematics. In an interest-driven video creation activity, students solved mathematics word problems through individual and group creation of tutorial videos. With these videos, students could teach their fellow classmates by discussing mathematics concepts and sharing ideas. The preliminary results reveal significant improvements in mathematics achievement and show that both high- and low-achieving students have positive attitudes and low anxiety regarding the activity and perceive both mathematics and the learning activity to be highly useful. In addition, the students’ perceptions of the benefits of the activity for learning are positive overall. Students also agree that they enjoy and engage in the video creation activity and that the activity helps them to learn mathematics better and improves their communication skills, teamwork skills, and filmmaking techniques.
Relationship between proximate analysis parameters and combustion behaviour of high ash Indian coal
Authors: Aich Subhajit , Behera Dibyajyoti , Nandi Barun Kumar , Bhattacharya Sumantra
Published: March 2020

This work presents the analysis of combustion characteristics of high ash Indian coal (28%–40%) collected from different mines of Singaurali coalfield, India. All the coal samples were characterized by proximate and gross calorific value analysis. Combustion performance of the coals were characterised using thermo-gravimetric analysis to identify the burning profile of individual coals. Various combustion kinetic parameters such as ignition temperature, peak temperature and burnout temperature, ignition index and burnout index, combustion performance index plus rate and intensity index of combustion process, activation energy were determined to analyse the combustion behaviour of coal. Further all these combustion properties were compared with the volatile matter, ash, fixed carbon and fuel ratio of each coal. Theoretical analysis shows that with increase in ash content, combustion performance initially increases and later descends. Further, coal with (25 ± 1.75)% volatile matter, 20%–35% ash and fuel ratio 1.4–1.5 were found to be optimum for coal combustion.
Organizational Factors in the Individual Ethical Behaviour. The Notion of the “Organizational Moral Structure”
Authors: Roszkowska Paulina , Melé Domènec
Published: March 2020

Various organizational factors reported in the hitherto literature affect individual (mis)behaviour within a company. In this paper, we conduct a literature review thereof, and propose a notion of the “Organizational Moral Structure” defined as a comprehensive framework of interrelated organizational factors that condition, incite or influence good or bad moral behaviour of individuals within the organization. Drawing from a wide bibliographical review and our own reflection on recent business scandals, we identify seven constituents of the “Organizational Moral Structure”: 1) leader’s values and character, 2) vision and exercise of power, 3) corporate control systems, 4) internal network of influence, 5) organizational culture, 6) internal and competitive pressures, and 7) external influences. The “Organizational Moral Structure” is proposed as a reflective framework for humanistic management and as an invitation to further research in this field. We provide recommendations on how a manager oriented towards humanistic management can use the OMS to secure and promote well-being and dignity of company’s employees.
Neues aus der Stoffwechselforschung 2019
Authors: Jörg Rebeka , Itariu Bianca-Karla
Published: March 2020

Alternative Metriken (Altmetriken) messen die Reichweite einer wissenschaftlichen Publikation in sozialen Medien, Blogs, Nachrichtenportalen usw. Quantität und unmittelbare Aktivität stehen über der Qualität und sind nicht unbedingt Ausdruck eines nachhaltigen Interesses. Trotzdem bietet sich hier ein neues Mittel zum Zweck, um Eindrücke zu schaffen und Vernetzungen zwischen ÄrztInnen/WissenschaftlerInnen zu ermöglichen. Weiters wird ein Raum geschaffen, um die Wissensvermittlung in der Gesellschaft zu erleichtern. Themen wie Ernährung und Bewegung hatten in der Stoffwechselforschung im Jahr 2019 eine zentrale Rolle inne, zumindest durch den Filter der Altmetriken. Unser Ziel ist es, Arbeiten hervorzuheben, die besonders viel Interesse generiert haben, und dadurch auch das Bewusstsein für Altmetriken im Bereich der Endokrinologie zu stärken.
Diagnostisches Urteilen als informationsverarbeitender Prozess – Wie nutzen Lehrkräfte ihr Wissen bei der Identifizierung und Gewichtung von Anforderungen in Aufgaben?
Authors: Rieu Andreas , Loibl Katharina , Leuders Timo , Herppich Stephanie
Published: March 2020

Bei der Auswahl von Aufgaben für einen adaptiven Unterricht schätzen Lehrkräfte deren fachliche Anforderungen ein. Im Rahmen eines Modells der Informationsverarbeitung wird angenommen, dass bei solchen diagnostischen Urteilen über Aufgaben auf Basis fachdidaktischen Wissens schwierigkeitsgenerierende Merkmale identifiziert und diese hinsichtlich ihres Einflusses auf die Aufgabenschwierigkeit gewichtet werden. Dabei erfolgt die Verarbeitung von Oberflächen- und Tiefenmerkmalen unterschiedlich schnell und ist daher abhängig von der verfügbaren Zeit. Anliegen der Studie ist es, diese Annahmen über die kognitiven Prozesse bei der Urteilsbildung zu prüfen, indem Aufgabenmerkmale systematisch variiert und fachdidaktisches Wissen als Personenmerkmal sowie Zeitdruck als Situationsmerkmal experimentell variiert werden. Zur Prüfung der Modellannahmen werden bei Lehramtsstudierenden (N = 175) zwei Bedingungen verglichen: Einer Experimentalgruppe wird spezifisches fachdidaktisches Wissen über schwierigkeitsgenerierende Aufgabenmerkmale vermittelt. Ihre aufgabendiagnostischen Urteile werden durch paarweise Schwierigkeitsvergleiche erfasst und mit einer Kontrollgruppe verglichen – jeweils mit hoher und mit geringer Zeitrestriktion. Es zeigt sich, dass fachdidaktisches Wissen dazu führt, dass schwierigkeitsgenerierende Aufgabenmerkmale signifikant besser identifiziert und gewichtet werden, Zeitdruck hingegen hat signifikant negative Auswirkungen auf die Urteilsgüte. Die beschriebene Merkmalsvariation schlägt sich demnach hypothesenkonform in der Urteilsakkuratheit nieder, wobei die Prozesse der Identifizierung und der Gewichtung von schwierigkeitsgenerierenden Aufgabenmerkmalen unterschieden werden. Diese Ergebnisse erlauben Rückschlüsse auf die Bedeutung von spezifischem fachdidaktischem Wissen für diagnostische Urteile und geben damit Impulse für die Lehrkräfteaus- und -fortbildung. Die Unterscheidung der kognitiven Prozesse beim Einschätzen von Aufgabenschwierigkeit mit und ohne Zeitdruck legt nahe, dass sich Lehrkräfte hierüber während der Unterrichtsplanung (ohne Zeitdruck) und im Unterrichtsgeschehen (mit Zeitdruck) bewusst sein sollten, um reflektiert damit umgehen zu können.
Union of Scaphoid Waist Fractures in Adults Despite No or Minimal Immobilization—a Report of Five Cases
Authors: Adolfsson Lars , Hallgren Hanna Björnsson , Tegner Yelverton
Published: March 2020

Traditionally scaphoid waist fractures have been treated with a long period, 10–12 weeks, of immobilization in a plaster cast until radiological union. The long period of immobilization sometimes infers great discomfort for the patients. To avoid this, surgical treatment with screw fixation has for the last decade been advocated as an option also for undisplaced fractures. In this report, we present five cases with undisplaced scaphoid waist fractures that have healed both radiologically and clinically without any immobilization at all or after a very short period of protection in a cast. These observations challenge the current treatment guidelines.
Understanding the perception of stakeholders in reducing adolescent‐to‐parent violence/aggression
Authors: Shanholtz Caroline E. , O'Hara Karey L. , Duchschere Jennifer E. , Beck Connie J. , Lawrence Erika
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Adolescent‐to‐parent violence/aggression (APV/A) is an understudied yet increasingly common social problem for adolescents and families, particularly those involved in the juvenile justice system. The current study focused on improving interventions for this population by gathering qualitative data from stakeholders to inform treatment targets.

Methods

Participants (N = 23) comprised of court professionals (n = 7), parents/guardians (n = 9), and their male adolescent children (n = 7) in the United States. Parent and adolescent participants were recruited through monthly court‐mandated domestic violence education classes offered by the juvenile court. Parent/guardian participants were between the ages of 38 and 77 and consisted of four males and five females. Adolescents were between the ages of 14 and 17. Court professional participants consisted of judges, probation officers, and court psychologists. Semi‐structured interviews were analyzed qualitatively using grounded theory.

Results

Results indicated that, from the perspective of key stakeholders, an effective intervention to reduce APV/A likely involves a two‐pronged approach: (1) address specific and theoretically modifiable emotional, behavioral, and psychological factors at the adolescent‐level; and (2) induce change in the family system by addressing environmental barriers to seeking treatment and by creating positive family relationships.

Conclusions

The present study aimed to gather the perspectives of court professionals, adolescents, and parents/guardians regarding the development of an effective intervention for APV/A‐involved families. This study represents the first step toward the development of a feasible, acceptable, sustainable, and effective intervention for adolescents and their families who are involved in the juvenile justice system due to APV/A.
Recommended prophylactic and management strategies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in transplant recipients
Authors: Ju Chun‐Rong , Lian Qiao‐Yan , Zhang Jian‐Heng , Qiu Tao , Cai Zhi‐Tao , Jiang Wen‐Yang , Zhang Jing , Cheng Qin , Chen Gang , Li Ning , Wang Chun‐Yan , He Jian‐Xing
Published: March 2020

Since December 2019, increasing attention has been paid to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) epidemic in Wuhan, China. SARS‐CoV‐2 primarily invades the respiratory tract and lungs, leading to pneumonia and other systemic disorders. The effect of SARS‐CoV‐2 in transplant recipients has raised significant concerns, especially because there is a large population of transplant recipients in China. Based on the current epidemic situation, this study reviewed publications on this virus and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), analyzed common features of respiratory viral pneumonias, and presented the currently reported clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 in transplant recipients to improve strategies regarding the diagnosis and treatment of COVID‐19 in this special population.
VANISHING COEFFICIENTS IN QUOTIENTS OF THETA FUNCTIONS OF MODULUS FIVE
Authors: CHERN SHANE , TANG DAZHAO
Published: March 2020

Following recent investigations of vanishing coefficients in infinite products, we show that such instances are very rare when the infinite product is among a family of theta-quotients of modulus five. We also prove that a general family of products of theta functions of modulus five can always be effectively 5-dissected.
Rietveld refinement of Sm0.55Sr0.45Mn0.4Fe0.6O3
Authors: Murugesan G. , Nithya R. , Kalainathan S.
Published: March 2020

Single crystals of Sm0.55Sr0.45Mn0.4Fe0.6O3were grown by an optical floating zone technique in an oxygen atmosphere. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern for the grown crystal revealed single-crystalline nature. The lattice parameters and atomic structure were refined and indexed using a General Structure Analysis System (GSAS) to an orthorhombic structure with lattice parametersa= 5.4415 (32) Å,b= 7.6994 (27) Å,c= 5.43868 (28) Å, and space group Pnma.
Powder X-ray diffraction of fluorometholone, C22H29FO4
Authors: Gonzalez Diana , Golab Joseph T. , Kaduk James A. , Gindhart Amy M. , Blanton Thomas N.
Published: March 2020

Commercial fluorometholone, CAS #426-13-1, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 (#4) with a = 6.40648(2), b = 13.43260(5), c = 11.00060(8) Å, β = 92.8203(5)°, V = 945.517(5) Å3, and Z = 2. A reduced cell search in the Cambridge Structural Database yielded one previous structure determination, using single-crystal data at 292 K. In this work, the sample was ordered from the United States Pharmacopeial Convention (Lot # R032K0) and analyzed as-received. The room temperature (295 K) crystal structure was refined using synchrotron (λ = 0.412826 Å) powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory (DFT) techniques. Hydrogen positions were included as a part of the structure and were re-calculated during the refinement. The diffraction data were collected on beamline 11-BM at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, and the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the compound has been submitted to ICDD® for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™. The agreement of the Rietveld-refined and DFT-optimized structures is excellent; the root-mean-square Cartesian displacement is 0.060 Å. In addition to the O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds observed by Park et al. (Park, Y. J., Lee, M. Y., and Cho, S. I. (1992). “Fluorometholone,” J. Korean Chem. Soc. 36, 812–817), C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds contribute to the crystal energy.
Post-operative Brugada electrocardiographic pattern, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and sudden death in a child after administration of propofol anaesthesia
Authors: Uzun Duygu , Hassan Nimra , Kohli Utkarsh
Published: March 2020

A 9-year-old African-American girl presented with sudden cardiac arrest a few hours after adenotonsillectomy. She received anaesthesia which included propofol during the procedure. Her electrocardiogram (EKG) showed type 1 Brugada pattern, and genetic testing revealed a variant of unknown significance in desmoplakin (DSP) gene. We discuss the association between propofol, Brugada EKG pattern, and malignant ventricular arrhythmias.
INDUCTIVE LIMITS OF C*-ALGEBRAS AND COMPACT QUANTUM METRIC SPACES
Authors: AGUILAR KONRAD
Published: March 2020

Given a unital inductive limit of C*-algebras for which each C*-algebra of the inductive sequence comes equipped with a Rieffel compact quantum metric, we produce sufficient conditions to build a compact quantum metric on the inductive limit from the quantum metrics on the inductive sequence by utilizing the completeness of the dual Gromov–Hausdorff propinquity of Latrémolière on compact quantum metric spaces. This allows us to place new quantum metrics on all unital approximately finite-dimensional (AF) algebras that extend our previous work with Latrémolière on unital AF algebras with faithful tracial state. As a consequence, we produce a continuous image of the entire Fell topology on the ideal space of any unital AF algebra in the dual Gromov–Hausdorff propinquity topology.
Seismic Anisotropy in the Java‐Banda and Philippine Subduction Zones and its Implications for the Mantle Flow System Beneath the Sunda Plate
Authors: Wang Lingling , He Xiaobo
Published: March 2020

The Sunda Plate is a minor tectonic plate bounded by tectonically active convergent boundaries, below which are subducting: the Philippine Sea Plate to the east and the Indo‐Australian Plate to the south and west. It is thus an ideal tectonic setting for investigating the interaction between subduction and asthenospheric flow. To better understand mantle interactions within the two nearly perpendicular subduction zones, we characterize seismic anisotropy by conducting a source‐side sS splitting analysis, which allows us to improve spatial resolution of anisotropic fabrics, in particular underneath the backarc regions, which are poorly constrained by previous studies. In the backarc of the Java‐Banda subduction zone, a gradual fast‐axis rotation from trench normal in the west to trench parallel in the east is clearly observed. We attribute this rotation to the interactions between the 2‐D corner flow in the Java wedge and a squeezed asthenospheric flow by the highly arcuate Banda slab. In the backarc of the Philippine subduction zone, the fast‐axis direction transitions from trench normal in the central south to trench oblique in the north; the trench normal is attributed to the mantle wedge corner flow, whereas the trench oblique is likely deflected by the eastward subduction of the South China Sea Plate. Hence, the mantle flow system beneath the Sunda Plate is composed of various types of flow developed in the mantle wedges. Their interactions play an important role in influencing greatly the regional geodynamics in the upper mantle above the 670‐km discontinuity.
Site-specific molecular analysis of the bacteriota on worn spectacles
Authors: Fritz Birgit , März Melanie , Weis Severin , Wahl Siegfried , Ziemssen Focke , Egert Markus
Published: March 2020

Regularly touched surfaces are usually contaminated with microorganisms and might be considered as fomites. The same applies for spectacles, but only little is known about their microbial colonization. Previous cultivation-based analyses from our group revealed a bacterial load strongly dominated by staphylococci. To better account for aerotolerant anaerobes, slow growing and yet-uncultivated bacteria, we performed an optimized 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach targeting the V1-V3 region. 30 spectacles were swab-sampled at three sites, each (nosepads, glasses and earclips). We detected 5232 OTUs affiliated with 19 bacterial phyla and 665 genera. Actinobacteria (64%), Proteobacteria (22%), Firmicutes (7%) and Bacteroidetes (5%) were relatively most abundant. At genus level, 13 genera accounted for 84% of the total sequences of all spectacles, having a prevalence of more than 1% relative abundance. Propionibacterium (57%), Corynebacterium (5%), Staphylococcus (4%), Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas and Lawsonella (3%, each) were the dominant genera. Interestingly, bacterial diversity on the glasses was significantly higher compared to nosepads and earclips. Our study represents the first cultivation-independent study of the bacteriota of worn spectacles. Dominated by bacteria of mostly human skin and epithelia origin and clearly including potential pathogens, spectacles may play a role as fomites, especially in clinical environments.
Enhanced glycolysis and HIF-1α activation in adipose tissue macrophages sustains local and systemic interleukin-1β production in obesity
Authors: Sharma Monika , Boytard Ludovic , Hadi Tarik , Koelwyn Graeme , Simon Russell , Ouimet Mireille , Seifert Lena , Spiro Westley , Yan Bo , Hutchison Susan , Fisher Edward A. , Ramasamy Ravichandran , Ramkhelawon Bhama , Moore Kathryn J.
Published: March 2020

During obesity, macrophages infiltrate the visceral adipose tissue and promote inflammation that contributes to type II diabetes. Evidence suggests that the rewiring of cellular metabolism can regulate macrophage function. However, the metabolic programs that characterize adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) in obesity are poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that ATM from obese mice exhibit metabolic profiles characterized by elevated glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, distinct from ATM from lean mice. Increased activation of HIF-1α in ATM of obese visceral adipose tissue resulted in induction of IL-1β and genes in the glycolytic pathway. Using a hypoxia-tracer, we show that HIF-1α nuclear translocation occurred both in hypoxic and non-hypoxic ATM suggesting that both hypoxic and pseudohypoxic stimuli activate HIF-1α and its target genes in ATM during diet-induced obesity. Exposure of macrophages to the saturated fatty acid palmitate increased glycolysis and HIF-1α expression, which culminated in IL-1β induction thereby simulating pseudohypoxia. Using mice with macrophage-specific targeted deletion of HIF-1α, we demonstrate the critical role of HIF-1α-derived from macrophages in regulating ATM accumulation, and local and systemic IL-1β production, but not in modulating systemic metabolic responses. Collectively, our data identify enhanced glycolysis and HIF-1α activation as drivers of low-grade inflammation in obesity.