bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Decline on the Efficacy and Safety of Clopidogrel With Aspirin in Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Zhou Yilun , Pan Yuesong , Wu Yu , Zhao Xingquan , Li Hao , Wang David , Johnston S. Claiborne , Liu Liping , Wang Chunxue , Meng Xia , Wang Yilong , Wang Yongjun ,   on behalf of the CHANCE Investigators
Published: October 2016

Background and Purpose—

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a particularly high risk for ischemic and bleeding events. Limited data exist as to the efficacy and safety of clopidogrel in stroke patients with renal dysfunction. Therefore, we sought to assess the impact of decreased kidney function on clinical outcomes for stroke patients on clopidogrel–aspirin treatment.

Methods—

Patients in the CHANCE trial (Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients With Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events) were randomized to clopidogrel–aspirin or aspirin-alone treatment. The primary efficacy outcome was new stroke during 90 days, whereas bleeding was the safety outcome. Patients were stratified according to estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Results—

Dual clopidogrel–aspirin therapy was associated with a marked reduction in new strokes compared with the therapy of aspirin alone in patients with normal renal function (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.60–0.98;
P
=0.02) and mild CKD (hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.45–0.79;
P
<0.01), whereas in patients with moderate CKD, no significant benefit from clopidogrel therapy was detected (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–2.35;
P
=0.99). There was no clear difference in bleeding episodes by treatment assignment across categories of renal impairment.

Conclusions—

Clopidogrel plus aspirin could decrease new stroke in patients with normal kidney function and mild CKD, but no extra benefit was observed in those with moderate CKD. Bleeding risk from the dual therapy did not seem to increase in mild or moderate CKD patients.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00979589.
Twelve new species of the Asian plant bug genus Ernestinus Distant (Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae: Eccritotarsini), with emphasis on unique biology and descriptions of three additional new eccritotarsine species
Authors: Yasunaga Tomohide , Ishikawa Tadashi
Published: October 2016

The Asian eccritotarsine plant bug genus Ernestinus Distant is diagnosed, redescribed and discussed, on the basis of reevaluation on the effective taxonomic characters including the genitalic structures of both sexes as well as the unique biology. Nineteen congeners are now known, including a dozen of new species herein described from Indonesia (from the Sundaland to the Wallacea), SW Japan, Laos, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. All the new species were observed to inhabit leaves (mostly abaxial surfaces) of the Araceae monocots (particularly of the subfamily Aroideae), on which the adults and every instar immature forms are frequently gregarious together. In addition, three new species in three eccritotarsine genera, Diocleroides Stonedahl & Hernandez, Dioclerus Distant and Harpedona Distant, confirmed during examinations of related materials from Nepal and Thailand, are described. Annotated checklist of all the congeners and a key to all currently known species are provided, to facilitate species identifications.
Variability, host range, delimitation and neotypification of Amanita simulans (Amanita section Vaginatae): collections associated with Helianthemum grasslands, and epitypification of A. lividopallescens
Authors: VIZZINI ALFREDO , ZOTTI MIRCA , TRAVERSO MIDO , ERCOLE ENRICO , MOREAU PIERRE-ARTHUR , KIBBY GEOFFREY , CONSIGLIO GIOVANNI , CULLINGTON PENNY , ARDRON PAUL , MOINGEON JEAN-MARC , PEINTNER URSULA
Published: October 2016

Several collections of Amanita species from section Vaginatae have been reported to be strictly associated with Helianthemum plants growing in grasslands, a still largely under-explored ectomycorrhizal habitat. The main aim of this study was to investigate the taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of strictly Helianthemum-associated Amanita sect. Vaginatae taxa, informally named Amanita “helianthemicola”. Collections from Italy, England and France were included in this study. The morphologically closely related species complex A. lividopallescens was also examined. Analyses were carried out based on both morphological and molecular data (phylogenetic analysis of the nrITS sequences). All investigated Amanita collections, which are strictly associated with Helianthemum nummularium, turned out to be conspecific with A. simulans. Amanita simulans was recently described from Sardinia (Italy) from Populus nigra habitats based on morphological characters only. As the holotype of A. simulans was lost, a neotype is designated here based on a voucher from the original collecting area. Amanita simulans is re-described, and an extensive discussion on the morphological variability, host species range, distribution and related taxa is provided. Amanita lividopallescens was confirmed as a good species, and re-delimited based on our phylogenetic analysis; moreover, it was epitypified with a recent and well-documented collection from Corse (France). Amanita stenospora is a synonym of A. lividopallescens, being a colour form of the latter without taxonomic value.
A new subfamily, Styracurinae, and new genus, Styracura, for Himantura schmardae (Werner, 1904) and Himantura pacifica (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941) (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes)
Authors: CARVALHO MARCELO R. DE , LOBODA THIAGO S. , SILVA JOÃO PAULO C. B. DA
Published: October 2016

A new subfamily (Styracurinae, subfam. nov.) and genus (Styracura, gen. nov.) are erected for Trygon schmardae Werner, 1904 (type species) and Dasyatis pacificus Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941, species placed in Himantura Müller & Henle, 1837 since 1953 but which differ significantly from it and all dasyatid genera in many morphological features. Recent molecular phylogenetic hypotheses based on the entire protein-coding mitochondrial genome have recovered Styracura as the sister group of the Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygonidae), agreeing with previous morphological and molecular phylogenies. The Styracurinae, subfam. nov., is therefore placed in the Potamotrygonidae to reflect the current phylogenetic view. Morphological characters of phylogenetic relevance of the dermal denticles, ventral lateral-line canals, hyoid arch, cranial musculature, and pectoral and pelvic girdles are discussed and compared to other stingrays, in particular to dasyatids and potamotrygonins (now ranked as a subfamily). Inferred derived characters of Styracura and potamotrygonins require homoplasy (they are absent from Paratrygon and Heliotrygon), and ventral lateral-line canal patterns and morphology of the scapular process and pelvic girdle generally reveal an affinity to different dasyatid genera, but one most likely based on plesiomorphies or independent evolution; Styracura is considered more closely related to potamotrygonins.
Policing immigrants: Using a randomized control trial of procedural justice policing to promote trust and cooperation
Authors: Murphy Kristina , Mazerolle Lorraine
Published: October 2016

Immigrants are often less trusting of police than non-immigrants because they can feel ill-served by police and the laws they enforce. Procedural justice policing has been regarded as central to improving public trust and confidence in police. Using survey data from citizens exposed to the world’s first randomized field trial of procedural justice policing (Queensland Community Engagement Trial), we found that trust in police, but not willingness to report crime to police, was higher among those exposed to the procedural justice condition compared to the control condition. Interestingly, the effect of procedural justice on trust and crime reporting was moderated by age and immigrant status; procedural justice had a more positive effect for immigrants, particularly those younger than 26 years of age.
Experimental comparison of a macroscopic draping simulation for dry non-crimp fabric preforming on a complex geometry by means of optical measurement
Authors: Mallach Annegret , Härtel Frank , Heieck Frieder , Fuhr Jan-Philipp , Middendorf Peter , Gude Maik
Published: October 2016

Scope of the presented work is a detailed comparison of a macroscopic draping model with real fibre architecture on a complex non-crimp-fabric preform using a new robot-based optical measurement system. By means of a preliminary analytical process design approach, a preforming test centre is set up to manufacture dry non-crimp-fabric preforms. A variable blank holder setup is used to investigate the effect of different process parameters on the fibre architecture. The real fibre architecture of those preforms is captured by the optical measurement system, which generates a three-dimensional model containing information about the fibre orientation along the entire surface of the preform. The measured and calculated fiber orientations are then compared with the simulation results in a three-dimensional overlay file. The results show that the analytical approach is able to predict local hot spots with high shear angles on the preform. Macroscopic simulations show a higher sensitivity towards changes in blank holder pressure than reality and limit the approach to precisely predict fibre architecture parameters on complex geometries.
Relaxation behavior of prestressing basalt fiber-reinforced polymer tendons considering anchorage slippage
Authors: Shi Jianzhe , Wang Xin , Huang Huang , Wu Zhishen
Published: October 2016

Relaxation is a key factor that controls the application of prestressing fiber-reinforced polymer tendons. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the relaxation behavior of newly developed basalt fiber-reinforced polymer tendons through an approach considering anchorage slippage. A series of relaxation tests on basalt fiber-reinforced polymer tendons subjected to three levels of initial stresses (0.4 fu, 0.5 fu, and 0.6 fu, where fu = ultimate strength) were conducted using a specially designed test setup that eliminates the impact of slippage at the anchor zone. An additional group of tests was conducted to validate the enhancement effect of pretension on the relaxation behavior. The relaxation rates at one million hours were predicted based on experimental fitting. Finally, the relaxation rates at 1000 h were predicted using the correlation between the relaxation and creep and were validated with the experimental relaxation rates. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed setup in measuring the relaxation loss of specimens and reveal that the relaxation rates of untreated basalt fiber-reinforced polymer tendons at 1000 h are 4.2%, 5.3%, and 6.4% at 0.4 fu, 0.5 fu, and 0.6 fu, respectively. Pretension treatment performs effective in relaxation loss controlling. BFRP tendons are recommended to be applied at an initial stress of 0.5 fu after pretension treatment, with one-million-hour relaxation rate equal to 6.7%. Furthermore, the relaxation rate at 1000 h can be predicted accurately based on the creep behavior. The conclusions of this study can provide guidance for the prestressing applications of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer tendons.
The Sin of Prediction
Authors: Petrocelli John V. , Rubin Asher L. , Stevens Ryan L.
Published: October 2016

Experiential and associative learning are essential to optimal decision making. However, research shows that, even when exposed to repeated trials, people often fail to learn probabilities and cause/effect covariations. Consistent with the counterfactual inflation hypothesis, it is proposed that counterfactuals can interfere with memory of repeated exposures and therefore inhibit learning. Five experimental studies tested counterfactual thinking as a potential mechanism underlying this learning deficit using a simple, biased coin flipping paradigm. Participants were instructed to either simply observe or to predict and observe outcomes of a biased coin being flipped in multiple trials (Experiments 1-4). In all four experiments, counterfactual thought frequency mediated the relationship between task instructions and the extent of bias detection (i.e., learning). Experiment 5 showed that mental simulations of alternative outcomes were especially deleterious to learning and decision making. Findings are discussed in light of experiential learning theory and applied implications.
Pharmaceutical and Clinical Aspects of Lipid Injectable Emulsions
Authors: Driscoll David F.
Published: October 2016

The first clinically successful lipid injectable emulsion was marketed in 1961, consisting of soybean oil triglycerides in sterile water for injection. Since that time, numerous products have entered the market, with the main difference being changes in the oil composition with triglycerides of plant and marine oil origin. With this change, the fatty acid profiles are unique, coming from medium‐ and long‐chain triglycerides. The fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated, having different pharmaceutical and metabolic activities that affect the safety and efficacy of these unique pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Evaluation of sodium tetradecyl sulfate and polidocanol as sclerosants for leg telangiectasia based on histological evaluation with clinical correlation
Authors: Bush Ronald , Bush Peggy
Published: October 2016

Introduction

This study was designed to determine by histological evaluation and clinical correlation the most effective sclerosant concentration of Sotradecol® (sodium tetradecyl sulfate) and Asclera® (polidocanol) for the treatment of leg telangiectasia.

Methods

Histological studies were completed on 40 patients, all of whom were female with a mean age of 53. After sclerotherapy with varying concentrations of sclerosant solutions for the treatment of 0.8 mm and 1 mm leg telangiectasia, histological specimens were examined for the following criteria: luminal changes, subintimal changes, smooth muscle wall alterations, and vessel wall integrity. Six patients from this group were also treated with sodium tetradecyl sulfate foam 0.1%–0.2% or polidocanol foam 0.31% for the treatment of 2 mm reticular veins. In a second group of 20 patients, clinical results after treatment with sodium tetradecyl sulfate 0.15% and polidocanol 0.31% were evaluated.

Results

Histological findings in patients treated with sodium tetradecyl sulfate 0.05% and polidocanol 0.25% were minimal. Sclerosant concentrations of sodium tetradecyl sulfate ≥0.2% revealed intraluminal debris and greater smooth wall damage. Polidocanol 0.5% was equivalent in strength to sodium tetradecyl sulfate 0.2% on histological evaluation. Sodium tetradecyl sulfate 0.15% and polidocanol 0.31% had similar findings on histological examination with mild smooth muscle wall changes, endothelial cell lysis, and subintimal layer damage. Reticular veins treated with 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.2% sodium tetradecyl sulfate foam and 0.31% polidocanol foam produced identical histological findings.

Conclusion

Sodium tetradecyl sulfate 0.15% and polidocanol 0.31% based on histological evaluations and clinical correlation are the best sclerosant concentrations for 0.8 mm to 1 mm leg telangiectasia. Sodium tetradecyl sulfate foam is comparable to polidocanol foam at these concentrations as well.
YouTube as a potential source of information on deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Bademci Mehmet Ş , Yazman Serkan , Güneş Tevfik , Ocakoglu Gokhan , Tayfur Kaptanderya , Gokalp Orhan
Published: October 2016

Background

No work has been reported on the use of video websites to learn about deep vein thrombosis and the value of education using them. We examined the characteristics and scientific accuracy of videos related to deep vein thrombosis on YouTube.

Methods

YouTube was surveyed using no filter and the key words ‘deep vein thrombosis’ and ‘leg vein clot’ in June 2016. The videos evaluated were divided into three groups in terms of their scientific content, accuracy, and currency: useful, partly useful, and useless.

Results

Of the 1200 videos watched, 715 (59.58%) were excluded with the exclusion criteria. Although most of the videos uploaded (22.9%, n = 111) were created by physicians, the number of views for website-based videos was significantly higher (p = 0.002). When the uploaded videos were assessed in terms of their usefulness, videos from physicians and hospitals were statistically more useful than other videos (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

For videos created by medical professionals to be of higher quality, we believe they should be more up-to-date and comprehensive, and contain animations about treatment modalities and early diagnosis in particular.
Factors Associated with Timely Physician Follow-up after a First Diagnosis of Psychotic Disorder
Authors: Anderson Kelly K. , Kurdyak Paul
Published: October 2016

Objective:

Physician follow-up after a first diagnosis of psychotic disorder is crucial for improving treatment engagement. We examined the factors associated with physician follow-up within 30 days of a first diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Method:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked health administrative data to identify incident cases of schizophrenia between 1999 and 2008 among people aged 14 to 35 years in Ontario. We estimated the proportion of patients who had physician follow-up within 30 days of the index diagnosis. We used multilevel logistic regression models to examine the factors associated with any physician follow-up and follow-up by a psychiatrist.

Results:

We identified 20,096 people with a first diagnosis of schizophrenia. Approximately 40% of people did not receive any physician follow-up within 30 days, and nearly 60% did not receive follow-up by a psychiatrist. Males had lower odds of receiving any physician follow-up, and the odds of psychiatrist follow-up decreased with increasing age and were lower for those living in rural areas. Both prior contact with a general practitioner for a mental health reason and prior contact with a psychiatrist were strongly associated with higher odds of receiving both types of follow-up.

Conclusions:

Many people do not have any physician contact within 30 days of the first diagnosis of schizophrenia, and patients without prior engagement with mental health services are at highest risk. We need information on the reasons behind this lack of physician follow-up to inform strategies aimed at improving engagement with services during the early stages of psychosis.
Compressive behaviour of fibre reinforced plastic with random fibre packing and a region of fibre waviness
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Shufeng , Jiang Yuanxiang , Tao Junyong , Chen Xun
Published: October 2016

A critical limitation of fibre reinforced plastic is its large variability on mechanical performance, especially the longitudinal compressive strength. The influence of fibre random packing and waviness on the compressive strength of UD fibre reinforced plastic is studied in this paper. Three-dimensional geometrically non-linear finite element model is constructed to investigate the compressive behaviour, and an improved approach named Latin hypercube sampling based on random sequential expansion is proposed to generate random fibre distribution across the cross-section. Latin hypercube sampling based on random sequential expansion provides high computation efficiency and good distribution characteristics in comparison to previously proposed methods. Fibre waviness defect with different misalignment angles is also incorporated in the finite element model. It is shown that random fibre packing tends to result in a stochastic detriment of fibre reinforced plastic compressive strength in comparison with uniform fibre packing condition, and the stochastic variation of compressive strength tends to follow normal or lognormal distribution.
Higher bars for incumbents and experience
Authors: Gersbach Hans , Müller Markus
Published: October 2016

This paper focuses on the introduction of higher re-election bars for office-holders. In particular, we assess which re-election bars are optimal when incumbents gain socially valuable experience in office. We develop a two-period model in which the output of a public good depends on an office-holder’s effort, ability and experience. When campaigning for election to an open seat in the first period, candidates can make binding offers of the minimum share of the votes they must obtain to be re-elected in the second period, should they win in the first. We prove that, in equilibrium, both candidates offer the same vote-share threshold, that it exceeds 50%, and that it is socially optimal. The higher threshold increases the expected effort over both periods and tends to raise the expected level of ability of office-holders in the second. Together, these effects outweigh the expected loss of incumbents’ acquired experience, which results from their reduced chances of getting re-elected with the higher bar. The socially optimal vote threshold is increasing in the value of experience. All of the above conclusions would hold if the optimal threshold were set instead by law.
The debate between postmodernism and historiography: An accounting historian’s manifesto
Authors: Tyson Thomas N , Oldroyd David
Published: October 2016

Garry Carnegie recently concluded that ‘the key development in accounting historiography between 1983 and 2012 has been the advent of new accounting history’. We agree and believe that the debate in accounting reflects a greater debate between postmodern and traditional historians – one which questions both the nature of historiography and the historian’s role in society. As a participant in this debate, Michael Gaffikin criticized traditionalists (in accounting) for failing to assess developments in the general history literature. This article responds to Gaffikin’s critique. We initially describe the key issues in the debate between postmodern and traditional historians. We review the current general history literature and then recount how the debate played out in three distinct episodes in accounting historiography in which the authors directly participated. We conclude by assessing the current state of accounting historiography.
Energy-optimal configuration selection for manycore chips with variation
Authors: Langer Akhil , Totoni Ehsan , Palekar Udatta , Kalé Laxmikant V
Published: October 2016

Operating chips at high energy efficiency is one of the major challenges for modern large-scale supercomputers. Low-voltage operation of transistors increases the energy efficiency but leads to frequency and power variation across cores on the same chip. Finding energy-optimal configurations for such chips is a hard problem. In this work, we study how integer linear programming techniques can be used to obtain energy-efficient configurations of chips that have heterogeneous cores. Our proposed methodologies give optimal configurations as compared with competent but sub-optimal heuristics while having negligible timing overhead. The proposed ParSearch method gives up to 13.2% and 7% savings in energy while causing only 2% increase in execution time of two HPC applications: miniMD and Jacobi, respectively. Our results show that integer linear programming can be a very powerful online method to obtain energy-optimal configurations.
Graphical visualisation assist analysis of indoor environmental performance: Impact of atrium spaces on public buildings in cold climates
Authors: Li Junjie , Lu Shuai , Wang Qingguo
Published: October 2016

The buffer effect provided by an atrium is one typical passive strategy used in sustainable building design. Based on a comprehensive evaluation framework that includes both satisfaction and comfort, this research develops two types of graphical visualisation info-graphs. One is a compass reflecting the occupant satisfaction voting, which conveys the level of satisfaction occupants have with the architectural design. The results reflect the health level of the occupants, as well as how efficiently resources are used. The second info-graph is a data cloud that can be used to display a building’s physical environment, and thus convey the distribution of the characteristics of physical environment, such as thermal comfort, lighting, and the acoustic and indoor air quality throughout the entire building. This data cloud directly displays the impact of the passive space on the main building space. Its results illustrate how effectively the building’s indoor environment provides the required levels of occupant comfort and quality of life. Finally, this research uses an example of a green building in a cold climate in China to display its unique method of graphical visualisation analysis. The results highlight the level of environmental performance of the object building in two kinds of info-graphs, as well as optimised possibilities for the atrium and the entire building in both the design and renovation phases.
Cultivating subjects in the Neo-Assyrian empire
Authors: Rosenzweig Melissa S
Published: October 2016

This article, which centers upon the Neo-Assyrian empire of the early first millennium BCE, presents agriculture as a field of political intervention and transformation in the creation of imperial subjectivities. As part of the expansion process into territories of Upper Mesopotamia, Neo-Assyrian rulers (ca. 900–600 BCE) relied on settled agriculture to produce and promote imperial subjects bound to the authorities for whom they tilled and toiled. However, archaeobotanical data from Tušhan, a provincial capital of the empire, reveals that people under Neo-Assyria’s control did not fully conform to the idealized agrarian lifeways construed by officials to uphold Assyrian power and dictate subject conduct. Evidence for semi-nomadic pastoralism at Tušhan exposes the slippage between ideal agrarian subject and actual agrarian practice in the Neo-Assyrian empire, wherein lies the contestation over politically oriented subjectivities and their instantiation through land-use.
Adaptive instruction for medical training in the psychomotor domain
Authors: Sottilare Robert , Hackett Matthew , Pike William , LaViola Joseph
Published: October 2016

The adaptive instruction provided by Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) tailors direction, support, and feedback to enhance/maintain the learning needs (e.g., lack of knowledge or skill) of each individual. Today, ITSs are generally developed to support desktop training applications, with the most common domains involving cognitive problem solving tasks (e.g., mathematics and physics). In recent years, implementations of game-based tutors authored using the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT), an open-source tutoring architecture, provided tailored training experiences for military tasks through desktop applications (e.g., games including Virtual Battlespace and Virtual Medic). However, these game-based desktop tutors have also been limited to adaptive instruction for cognitive tasks (e.g., problem solving and decision-making). The military requires adaptive instruction to extend beyond the desktop to be compatible with the physical nature of many tasks performed by soldiers, sailors, and airmen. This article examines how commercial sensor technologies might be adapted to work with GIFT and support tailored computer-guided instruction in the psychomotor domain for a military medical training task, specifically hemorrhage control. Toward this goal, we evaluated the usability and system features of commercial smart glasses and pressure-sensing technologies. Smart glasses were selected as the focus of this study over handheld mobile devices in order to promote a hands-free experience during the training of hemorrhage-control tasks on a mannequin. Pressure sensors were selected to provide direct measures of effectiveness during the application of tourniquets and pressure bandages. Each set of technologies (smart glasses and pressure sensors) was evaluated not with respect to each other, but with respect to their capabilities to support adaptive instruction in the wild at the learner’s point-of-need and criteria based on established usability heuristics. Instruction in the wild is training provided in an environment outside the classroom and areas where tracking and sensing infrastructure are available (e.g., deployed areas of operation). We examined a wide range of features and capabilities, and evaluated their compatibility with the hemorrhage-control task, to answer the following question: what system design features (e.g., usability and interaction) are needed to support adaptive instruction for this individual psychomotor task at the point-of-need in locations where no formal training infrastructure is available?
Prevention Starts With Awareness: Adoptive Adolescents at High Risk for Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Morgan Leslie
Published: October 2016

Adolescents are at higher risk for suicide attempts than other age groups. Suicide is now the second leading cause of death in the United States for ages 12 to 18; moreover, the risk of suicide is significantly higher for adoptive teens. In fact, adoptive teenagers have a four times higher rate of suicide attempts than biological children, perhaps due to the underlying nature of adoption, which can involve a pervasive sense of grief and loss for the adoptee. Unresolved anger and sadness from feelings of abandonment—especially when transitioning to adolescence—can cause a seemingly functional child to dissociate through self-harm and eventually demonstrate suicidal behavior. Little evidence-based research exists on the risk factors for adoptive teens who resort to suicidal behavior. Thus, it is vitally important for school nurses to understand the emotional stressors that adolescent adoptees face throughout life to help identify teens at risk for suicide. School districts and registered nurses are well positioned to address this critical health issue through education, assessment, and intervention.
Microblogging in higher education: Digital Natives, knowledge creation, social engineering, and intelligence analysis of educational tweets
Authors: Cleveland Simon , Jackson Barcus C , Dawson Maurice
Published: October 2016

With the rise of Web 2.0, microblogging has become a widely accepted phenomenon for sharing information. Moreover, the Twitter platform has become the tool of choice for universities looking to increase their digital footprint. However, scant research addresses the viability of microblogging as a tool to facilitate knowledge creation practices among higher education students. This paper proposes a model to explain how students, as digital natives, leverage the features of the Twitter microblogging for the transfer of knowledge. Finally, the paper examines the dark side of Twitter as a privacy-leaking platform and issues a call to higher institutions for specific security policies to prevent nefarious use.
A systematic, inquiry-based 7-Step Virtual Worlds Teacher Training
Authors: Nussli Natalie Christina , Oh Kevin
Published: October 2016

Eighteen special education teachers explored one prominent example of three-dimensional virtual worlds, namely Second Life. This study aimed to (a) determine their perception of the effectiveness of a systematic 7-Step Virtual Worlds Teacher Training workshop in terms of enabling them to make informed decisions about the usability of virtual worlds for students with social skills challenges and (b) determine whether there was a teacher change of attitude resulting from engagement in this systematic workshop. The seven steps are described in detail. The teachers’ change of attitude was statistically significant with a large effect size. The teachers’ feedback on the effectiveness of the training program resulted in 14 practical guidelines, which informed the revised 4-Step Virtual Worlds Teacher Training model that can be used both in general and special education with minor adjustments depending on the teacher and student population.
Adverse Impact in der Personalauswahl einer deutschen Behörde: Eine Analyse ethnischer Subgruppendifferenzen
Authors: Stumpf Siegfried , Leenen Wolf Rainer , Scheitza Alexander
Published: October 2016

Während die englischsprachige Personalforschung in den letzten Jahren zunehmend differenzierte Ergebnisse zum Adverse Impact in Auswahlverfahren vorlegen konnte, fehlen solche Untersuchungen zu Subgruppenunterschieden in der Personalauswahl deutscher Organisationen. Am Beispiel einer großen deutschen Behörde wird ein mehrstufiger Personalauswahlprozess im Hinblick auf das Abschneiden von Bewerbern mit versus ohne Migrationshintergrund analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die in einer frühen Auswahlphase zum Einsatz kommenden Testverfahren zur Messung der kognitiven Fähigkeiten sowie der Rechtschreibung erhebliche Subgruppendifferenzen aufweisen. Differenzen zwischen den Bewerbern mit versus ohne Migrationshintergrund sind auch trotz der Vorselektion mit den Tests in dem in einer späteren Auswahlphase durchgeführten Assessment Center nachweisbar. Dabei wird der Erfolg in allen Phasen des Auswahlverfahrens von der Art des Migrationshintergrundes beeinflusst: Während bei ausländischen Staatsbürgern die größte Diskrepanz zu den Bewerbern ohne Migrationshintergrund auftritt, liegen die Ergebnisse von Bewerbern, die von Geburt an Deutsche sind, aber einen ausländischen Vater und/oder eine ausländische Mutter haben, nahezu auf dem Niveau der Bewerber ohne Migrationshintergrund. Diese Befunde werden auf dem Hintergrund der internationalen Forschungslage zum Adverse Impact analysiert. Abschließend werden Maßnahmen zur Reduktion von Subgruppendifferenzen bei der Personalauswahl von Organisationen am Beispiel der betrachteten Behörde diskutiert.
Who is attracted by teamwork? Evidence of multidimensional sorting from a real-effort experiment
Authors: Bäker Agnes , Pull Kerstin
Published: October 2016

We analyze the factors that drive an individual’s self-selection decision between (1) working individually and being paid for individual performance and (2) working on a team and being paid for team performance. While the literature has focused on task-specific ability as a self-selection criterion, we also investigate the effects of teamwork skills, expectations concerning the task-specific ability and teamwork skills of potential teammates, and task type. Thus we account for multidimensional sorting. Considering these additional factors might explain the empirical puzzle that some studies have found a positive relation between an individual’s task-specific skills and the propensity to join a team, and others found a negative relation. Confronting our predictions with data from a real-effort pen-and-paper experiment, we find that the less able are attracted by teamwork and team incentives, but teamwork skills and expectations concerning the ability of potential teammates might in fact compensate for this adverse self-selection effect. Regarding task type, we find that teamwork is more attractive if the task offers a high potential for complementarities between team members.
Next-generation multiple myeloma treatment: a pharmacoeconomic perspective
Authors: Rajkumar S. Vincent , Harousseau Jean Luc
Published: October 2016

Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma have come at a rapid pace, especially with several new drugs entering the market in the last few years. However, access to and affordability of new treatments poses a major challenge, both in the United States and around the world. High costs of life-saving drugs are detrimental to both the personal finances of the individual patient, as well as society which must bear the increasing costs in terms of increased health insurance premiums, taxes, or both. The challenges are not unique to myeloma, but are commonly encountered in several other cancers as well. But to some extent these pharmacoeconomic concerns are amplified in myeloma due to the need for multidrug regimens that combine 2 or more expensive new drugs, continuous therapy, and the prolonged disease course in most patients. We examine current myeloma therapy from a pharmacoeconomic perspective, and discuss the costs involved. We outline the underlying reasons why cancer drugs are so expensive, the measures that are required to lower cost, and propose potential ways in which costs can be reduced while still delivering high-quality care.
Imaging of Hemorrhagic Stroke
Authors: Hakimi Ryan , Garg Ankur
Published: October 2016

Purpose of Review: Hemorrhagic stroke comprises approximately 15% to 20% of all strokes. This article provides readers with an understanding of the indications and significance of various neuroimaging techniques available for patients presenting with hemorrhagic strokes of distinct causes.

Recent Findings: The most common initial neuroimaging study is a noncontrast head CT, which allows for the identification of hemorrhage. Once an intracranial hemorrhage has been identified, the pattern of blood and the patient’s medical history, neurologic examination, and laboratory studies lead the practitioner to pursue further neuroimaging studies to guide the medical, surgical, and interventional management. Given that hemorrhagic stroke constitutes a heterogeneous collection of diagnoses, the subsequent neuroimaging pathway necessary to better evaluate and care for these patients is variable based on the etiology.

With an increasing incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation associated with the aging population and the introduction of three new direct factor Xa inhibitors and one direct thrombin inhibitor to complement vitamin K antagonists, oral anticoagulant use continues to increase. Patients on oral anticoagulants have a sevenfold to tenfold increased risk for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Furthermore, patients who have an ICH associated with oral anticoagulant use have a higher mortality rate than those with primary ICH. Despite the reduced incidence of hypertension-related ICH over the past decade, it is expected that the incidence of ICH will continue to increase.

Summary: Neuroimaging studies are integral to the identification of hemorrhagic stroke, determination of the underlying etiology, prevention of hematoma expansion, treatment of acute complications, and treatment of the underlying etiology, if indicated. Neuroimaging is essential for prognostication and thus directly impacts patient care.
Eyes shut homolog is required for maintaining the ciliary pocket and survival of photoreceptors in zebrafish
Authors: Yu Miao , Liu Yu , Li Jing , Natale Brianna N. , Cao Shuqin , Wang Dongliang , Amack Jeffrey D. , Hu Huaiyu
Published: October 2016

Mutations in the extracellular matrix protein eyes shut homolog (EYS) cause photoreceptor degeneration in patients with retinitis pigmentosa 25 (RP25). Functions of EYS remain poorly understood, due in part to the lack of an EYS gene in mouse. We investigated the localization of vertebrate EYS proteins and engineered loss-of-function alleles in zebrafish. Immunostaining indicated that EYS localized near the connecting cilium/transition zone in photoreceptors. EYS also strongly localized to the cone outer segments and weakly to the rod outer segments and cone terminals in primate retinas. Analysis of mutant EYS zebrafish revealed disruption of the ciliary pocket in cone photoreceptors, indicating that EYS is required for maintaining the integrity of the ciliary pocket lumen. Mutant zebrafish exhibited progressive loss of cone and rod photoreceptors. Our results indicate that EYS protein localization is species-dependent and that EYS is required for maintaining ciliary pocket morphology and survival of photoreceptors in zebrafish.
The Mechanism of Alkene Elimination from Protonated Toluenesulphonamides Generated by Electrospray Ionisation
Authors: Saidykhan Amie , Ebert Jenessa , Martin William H.C. , Gallagher Richard T. , Bowen Richard D.
Published: October 2016

The positive ion electrospray mass spectra of a range of sulphonamides of general structure CH3C6H4SO2NHR1 [R1 = C nH2 n+1 ( n = 1–7), C nH2 n-1 ( n = 3, 4), C6H5, C6H5CH2 and C6H5CH(CH3)] and CH3C6H4SO2NR1R2 [R1, R2 = C nH2 n+1 ( n = 1–8)] are reported and discussed. The protonated sulphonamides derived from saturated primary and secondary aliphatic amines generally fragment to only a limited extent unless energised by collision. Two general fragmentations are observed: firstly, elimination of an alkene, C nH2 n, obtained by hydrogen abstraction from one of the C nH2 n+1 alkyl groups on nitrogen; secondly, cleavage to form CH3C6H4SO2+. The mechanism by which an alkene is lost has been probed by studying the variation of the intensity of the [M + H – C nH2 n]+ signal with the structure of the alkyl substituent(s) on nitrogen and by monitoring the competition between the loss of different alkenes from protonated unsymmetrical sulphonamides in which two different alkyl groups are attached to nitrogen. This fragmentation is favoured by branching of the alkyl group at the carbon atom directly attached to nitrogen, thus suggesting that it involves a mechanism in which the stability of the cation obtained by stretching the bond connecting the nitrogen atom to the alkyl group is critical. This interpretation also explains the competition between alkene elimination and cleavage to form CH3C6H4SO2+ (and, in some cases, cleavage to form C6H5CH2+ or [C6H5CHCH3]+).
Human brain harbors single nucleotide somatic variations in functionally relevant genes possibly mediated by oxidative stress
Authors: Sharma Anchal , Ansari Asgar Hussain , Kumari Renu , Pandey Rajesh , Rehman Rakhshinda , Mehani Bharati , Varma Binuja , Desiraju Bapu K. , Mabalirajan Ulaganathan , Agrawal Anurag , Mukhopadhyay Arijit
Published: October 2016

Somatic variation in DNA can cause cells to deviate from the preordained genomic path in both disease and healthy conditions. Here, using exome sequencing of paired tissue samples, we show that the normal human brain harbors somatic single base variations measuring up to 0.48% of the total variations. Interestingly, about 64% of these somatic variations in the brain are expected to lead to non-synonymous changes, and as much as 87% of these represent G:C>T:A transversion events. Further, the transversion events in the brain were mostly found in the frontal cortex, whereas the corpus callosum from the same individuals harbors the reference genotype. We found a significantly higher amount of 8-OHdG (oxidative stress marker) in the frontal cortex compared to the corpus callosum of the same subjects (p<0.01), correlating with the higher G:C>T:A transversions in the cortex. We found significant enrichment for axon guidance and related pathways for genes harbouring somatic variations. This could represent either a directed selection of genetic variations in these pathways or increased susceptibility of some loci towards oxidative stress. This study highlights that oxidative stress possibly influence single nucleotide somatic variations in normal human brain.
DAMPER WITH POROUS ANISOTROPIC RING
Authors: Мукутадзе Александр , Mukutadze Aleksandr , Ахвердиев Камил , Akhverdiev Kamil , Флек Борис , Flek Boris
Published: October 2016

In the work on the basis of Darcy equations defining lubricant flow in porous layers, and of Reynolds modified equation the problem of an unsteady motion of viscous incompressible lubricant in the gap of a por-ous damper is under solution. A case is under consideration when a forced lubricant supply is carried out in circumferential and radial directions taking into account the influence of orthogonal anisotropy of a porous layer. As a result of the solution of the problem specified there is found a field of pressures in a porous and lubricating layer, and analytical dependences for efforts in an oil film are obtained. Besides, there is defined a module of an unbalance transmitted effort and also stationary and transient ratios of transfer. It is proved that at the forced lubricant feed in a circumferential or radial direction taking into account the influence of orthogonal anisotropy of a porous layer, a damper functions more steadily. The obtained specified calculated models al-lowed defining a number of supplementary factors and also carrying out a comparative analysis of results newly obtained and already existing ones. It confirmed a larger proximity of a new model an actual practice.
MODIFIED ENERGY MODEL OF FRICTION AND WEAR AS APPLIED TO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE TRIBOCOUPLINGS
Authors: Дойкин А. , Doykin A. , Гаврилов К. , Gavrilov K. , Лазарев В. , Lazarev V. , Секвард-Бэйж Й , Sekvard-Beyzh Y
Published: October 2016

For the description and wear prediction in tribicouplings there are theoretical formulae and also empirical models. Most of well-known regulations may be used only under specific conditions of contacting. The purpose of this work is the investigation of tribicoupling “piston guide – cylinder liner” in an internal combustion engine (ICE). In particular, for that there were carried out experimental investigations on a tribometer realizing a reciprocal motion of piston and cylinder liner samples. The results of experimental investigations were analyzed with the use of a wear model which is the most applicable for the description of this type of tribocouplings. This model is based on the combination of energetic theory and molecularmechanical method with a precise definition of friction surface topography parameters. Such a modified model of friction and wear allows combining the prognostication of a layer worn with fatigue theory that gives a possibility of its use as applied to the life analysis of any reciprocating tribosystem.
MAGNETIC LIQUID IN HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION MODE OF SPHERICAL SURFACES
Authors: Албагачиев Али , Albagachiev Ali , Данилов Владимир , Danilov Vladimir
Published: October 2016

From the position of the hydrodynamic lubrication theory are considered the peculiarities of magnetoliquid lubrication in a point contact determined with a complicated character of the interaction of hydrodynamic and magnetic forces in a lubrication layer. The pressure distribution in a lubrication layer of magnetic liquid is considered as a superposition of the augend and addend pr and pm induced with hydrodynamic and magnetic forces. The contribution of the constituent pr is described by Reynolds equation in accordance with the classic hydrodynamic theory. At the saturation of magnetic liquid the constituent pm is presented as a function of the magnetic field strength, saturation magnetization of magnetic liquid and its viscosity and also velocity of rolling. As a result of the solution of a hydrodynamic problem through a numerical method there are defined conditions under which a lubrication layer loses its stability that is followed with the loss of carrying capacity in areas with negative pressure. The dependences of resistance to rolling forces, and sliding ones in a contact of spherical surfaces.
THREAD-CUTTING PECULIARITIES IN HOLES WITH ULTRA-SMALL DIAMETERS
Authors: Куликов Михаил , Kulikov Mikhail , Ягодкин Максим , Yagodkin Maksim
Published: October 2016

The process of threadcutting process in holes with ultrasmall diameters is considered. It is revealed that because of the peculiarities arisen the thread-cutting conditions become tougher and bending loads in a tap operating arise.