bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus: Impfung kann steigenden Erkrankungszahlen entgegenwirken
Authors: Pleyer Uwe
Published: October 2024

Herpes zoster (HZ) is caused by reactivation of latent infection of varicella zoster virus (VZV) in sensory (cranial, dorsal root) ganglia. Major risk factors for HZ are increasing age and immunosuppression. HZ ophthalmicus (HZO) is a subset of HZ with involvement of the ophthalmic division of the fifth cranial trigeminal nerve. Approximately 4–20% of patients with HZ develop HZO. Approximately 50% of patients with HZO develop ocular disease, among whom up to 25% develop chronic or recurrent disease. Common manifestations of ocular disease include conjunctivitis, keratitis, and uveitis, whereas optic neuropathy and retinitis are uncommon. Due to the potential for vision impairment, ocular involvement requires urgent ophthalmic consultation. Early recognition and timely treatment with antivirals may prevent ocular complications. HZO is preventable by vaccination against HZ. Vaccine efficacy/effectiveness studies have been largely conducted for HZ with few studies assessing HZO. Both the recombinant adjuvanted vaccine (RZV) and live-attenuated vaccine (ZVL) significantly reduce the incidence of HZ and HZO in older adults. RZV is more effective than ZVL. Data on the effectiveness of vaccines for prevention of recurrent disease in patients with HZO are limited; however, vaccination is recommended. Despite recommendations to vaccinate individuals likely to benefit from an HZ vaccine, coverage for adults remains suboptimal. Barriers to vaccination include patient beliefs about HZ or HZ vaccines, and factors related to healthcare providers. In particular, the lack of a recommendation from their primary care physician is often cited by patients as a reason for remaining unvaccinated. By encouraging vaccination against HZ, physicians not only prevent HZ and HZO but also potential vision loss due to HZO.
Cerebrovascular Events in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Review
Authors: Patel Kush P. , Rathod Krishnaraj S. , Lansky Alexandra J. , Prendergast Bernard , Kharbanda Rajesh K. , Mathur Anthony , Perry Richard , Baumbach Andreas
Published: October 2024

Cerebrovascular events (CVEs) are a dreaded complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). They are associated with significant mortality, morbidity, and reduced quality of life and impose a significant burden to health care systems. Although the rates of clinical stroke have reduced since the advent of TAVR, it remains an important complication, particularly as TAVR is increasingly utilized. CVE may occur at the time of the TAVR, as a direct consequence of the procedure, or may occur later, related to thrombosis of the prosthetic valve, atrial fibrillation, and other comorbidities. Imaging of the brain has revealed a high prevalence of subclinical cerebral infarcts (68%–98%) associated with the TAVR procedure. Although their clinical significance has not been fully established, clinically evident CVE ranges between 3% and 5% in patients considered at high operative risk to between 1% and 3% in low operative risk patients. Periprocedural CVEs are largely the result of embolization of the thrombus and tissue derived from the valve, vasculature, or myocardium. Cerebral embolic protection devices have been studied in multiple trials, with some evidence supporting a reduction in new cerebral lesion volume, number, and potentially disabling strokes. However, thus far, there is no robust evidence that they reduce the overall stroke rate. The number and severity of comorbidities, in particular, new-onset atrial fibrillation, are associated with CVEs. Valve thrombosis diagnosed using computed tomography as areas of hypoattenuated leaflet thickening has been identified in 10% to 15% of patients. This is a dynamic process associated with an increase in CVEs, but that resolves with anticoagulation or sometimes without it. Routine use of anticoagulation compared with a single antiplatelet agent is associated with an increased risk of bleeding, without any additional alleviation in risk of thromboembolism.

Future studies to improve risk stratification could facilitate the tailoring of preventive therapies to patients at high risk of CVE, who stand to gain the most benefit.
Mediastinal Hematoma as a Potential Complication of Endovascular Intracranial Intervention
Authors: Gutierrez‐Aguirre Salvador F. , De Toledo Otavio F. , Freitas Eduarda M. , Benalia Victor H.C. , Aghaebrahim Amin , Hanel Ricardo A. , Sauvageau Eric
Published: October 2024

Objective

To highlight the rare incidence of mediastinal hematoma as a complication associated with transradial access, as reported in both cardiovascular and neurovascular fields. Interventionists must be aware of this potential risk and the strategies to manage it.

Case Presentation

A 66‐year‐old woman presented to an outside hospital's emergency department with 2 months of dizziness and vertigo. A right posterior communication artery aneurysm was discovered incidentally on workup images. On discussing potential options, including observation, the patient opted for endovascular intervention. The aneurysm was treated using a Woven Endobridge Single‐Layer Sphere (SLS) intrasaccular flow disrupter device. After the procedure, the patient was extubated but subsequently required reintubation because of the context of stridor. Radiologic evaluation revealed a mediastinal hematoma, which was suspected to be a direct complication from the transradial access. This required immediate treatment with coil embolization of the perforated vessel at the subclavian artery originating from the costocervical trunk.

Conclusion

Mediastinal hematoma is a rare complication after neurointerventional procedures by transradial access. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are critical to managing this potentially lethal condition.
Russia's Invasion of Ukraine and the Modern History of Belarusian Statehood
Authors: Troian Pavlo
Published: October 2024

This article examines the evolution of Belarusian statehood, highlighting the transition from its independence in 1991 to the increasingly authoritarian regime under President Aleksandr Lukashenka. It scrutinizes the complex relationship between Lukashenka and Russian President Vladimir Putin and the repeated breaches and renegotiations of their political contract. The analysis covers Belarus’ oscillation between integration with Russia and attempts at Western engagement, particularly noting the period of soft Belarusification from 2014 to 2020 as a response to fears of Russian annexation. The 2020 presidential elections marked a turning point, with mass protests against Lukashenka’s claimed victory leading to severe crackdowns and the erosion of Belarusian sovereignty. The article argues that Belarus’ support for Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine signifies a further decline in its autonomy. It advocates for a strategic approach by the West, bolstering the Belarusian opposition, supporting independent media, and exploiting moments of Russian weakness to restore and secure Belarusian democracy and independence. The author suggests that through comprehensive support for Ukraine and a proactive stance on Belarus, the West can counteract the Kremlin’s influence and prevent Russia's complete absorption of Belarus.
Comprehensive Airway Quality Improvement Program: Reducing Life-Threatening Airway Complications
Authors: Helmen Zachary M. , Larkin Riley , Peifer Sophia , Escanelle Miguel A. , Hall Alexander W. M. , Luka Thomas , De Varona Carlos , Hombreiro Pilar , Farrell Jennifer , McClure Brittany , Harris Michele , Ruche Alexander , Levy Diana , Falise Joseph P. , Ashley Doreen , Gabrielli Andrea , Sosa Marie Anne , Sargi Zoukaa , Ruiz Jose W. , Arnold David J. , Ferreira Tanira , Nicolli Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

Objective:

There is often unfamiliarity with the care of artificial airway devices (ie, endotracheal tubes, tracheostomies, and laryngectomies). The objective of this study was to design an Airway Quality Improvement Program (AQIP) to improve airway care.

Methods:

This was a retrospective chart review of a prospectively-initiated AQIP. The AQIP has 3 parts: 1) Mandatory “airway signs” 2) In-service teaching with a corresponding order set and 3) an overhead “Surgical Airway Emergency” page involving automatic pages to Anesthesia, Otolaryngology, and Respiratory Therapy. Pre- and post-intervention survey data was collected. The incidence of airway emergency was the primary patient outcome and was hypothesized to decrease after AQIP intervention.

Results:

Airway emergencies decreased 8.4% after AQIP ( P = .45). Length of stay decreased after AQIP, 47.0 ± 76.5 days compared to 23.5 ± 23.6 ( P = .004). Two hundred eight-one nurses and 76 respiratory therapists were educated. Pre-AQIP comfortability scores improved for the routine care of endotracheal tubes, tracheostomies, and laryngectomies, 4.3 ± 0.9, 4.3 ± 0.8, and 3.5 ± 1.2, compared to 4.7 ± 0.6, 4.5 ± 0.7, and 4.4 ± 0.7 post-AQIP ( P = .0006, P = .02, P = .0001). The same improvement was noted for emergency airway care. Tracheostomy vs. laryngectomy recognition increased from 66.5 to 97.0% ( P = .0001). Quiz questions regarding emergency airway management for laryngectomies improved from 76.2 to 93.8% ( P = .0001).

Conclusion:

The AQIP was associated with decreased length of hospital stay and improved competency in airway care among hospital staff. Further application of AQIP is needed for replication in other institutions and long-term application.
Combining Infrared Refraction and Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy
Authors: Mayerhöfer Thomas G. , Costa William D.P. , Popp Jürgen
Published: October 2024

We have specified and obtained a ZnSe prism with an unconventional face angle cut to 30°. This prism, with internal incidence angles ranging from 30° to 48°, allows users to record internal reflection spectra below the critical angle and attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectra above the critical angle without the need to change optics or move or replace the sample. We demonstrate its capabilities using 102 spectra of benzyl benzoate taken with s- and p-polarization at different angles of incidence. The subcritical spectra were analyzed to obtain n∞, a key parameter for correcting the ATR spectra. These corrected spectra were subsequently used to determine the complex refractive index for all ATR measurements. The averaged complex refractive index function shows excellent agreement with that obtained through ATR spectroscopic ellipsometry.
Interpretation of the Standardized Mean Difference Effect Size When Distributions Are Not Normal or Homoscedastic
Authors: Hedges Larry V.
Published: October 2024

The standardized mean difference (sometimes called Cohen’s d) is an effect size measure widely used to describe the outcomes of experiments. It is mathematically natural to describe differences between groups of data that are normally distributed with different means but the same standard deviation. In that context, it can be interpreted as determining several indexes of overlap between the two distributions. If the data are not approximately normally distributed or if they have substantially unequal standard deviations, the relation between d and overlap between distributions can be very different, and interpretations of d that apply when the data are normal with equal variances are unreliable.
Two-stage optimal PMU placement for distribution systems
Authors: Wang Xiuru , Xia Taibao , Li Yong , Mao Wangqing
Published: October 2024

The rapid growth of distributed energy resources has highlighted the importance of monitoring the system state of distribution networks. One key technology that enhances observability in distribution systems is the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU). However, there are still challenges in effectively deploying PMUs in practice. One challenge is the solution multiplicity in optimal PMU placement (OPP). Another challenge arises from the limited deployment space available at distribution nodes, leading to incomplete observability and the need for optimization to ensure node observability. To address the challenge of solution multiplicity, this work proposes a two-stage OPP approach that considers critical node observability. The first stage optimization model determines the minimum number of PMUs required to meet observability requirements. The second stage model identifies the solution with the greatest observability redundancy while satisfying practical constraints. To validate the effectiveness of our approach, this work conducts simulations using both IEEE testing systems and a real-world distribution feeder. These simulations provide empirical evidence of the benefits of the proposed OPP model and demonstrate its applicability in practical scenarios.
Negative Campaigning and Vote Choice: Rationale, Trends, and Future Research
Authors: Makulilo Alexander
Published: October 2024

Negative campaigning is a worldwide phenomenon. As a strategy for mobilizing support, it affects the electorate and democracy. However, its effectiveness varies across space and time. While some studies assert that negativity depresses voter turnout, thereby delegitimizing the electoral process, others provide conflicting results that such campaigns mobilize voters since they supply information critical for their participation. There are three nuanced outcomes resulting from negative campaigning: the target electoral support diminishes; the attacker in a negative campaign experiences a backlash; or, when multiple candidates or parties compete, a negative effect on the target of the attack, coupled with a backlash effect on the attacker, may benefit the other candidates, who refrained from going negative. This article reviews the state of the scholarship on negative campaigning and its impact on democracy. It sheds light on a rapidly evolving field of political science and communication research.
A prior knowledge-embedded deformable convolutional network for vision-based fabric defect detection
Authors: Zhu Zixun , Zhang Jie , Wang Junliang
Published: October 2024

The vision-based defect detection of textile surface is an essential problem in evaluating the appearance quality. In previous studies on vision-based defect detection, the following two points were neglected: (1) The proportion of defects on fabric is small, resulting in a low signal-to-noise ratio of defect images and a lack of sampling features; (2) the irregular shape of defects can overlap in position, leading to localization difficulty. In this paper, we propose a prior knowledge-embedded deformable convolutional network (PKE-DCNet) based on deep learning to address these two issues. First, a feature extraction method with prior information is designed with a shape-matching deep clustering module and a region-biased sampling module for detecting defects with complex shape. Then, a defect boundary boxes adaptive generation method is proposed with an anchor-free search mechanism and irregular edge contour computation to detect the key points in the region. Extensive experiments with mixed fabric defect datasets demonstrated that PKE-DCNet reached an overall mAP of 95.36% for six types of defects within a detection speed of 322 FPS, which was better than state-of-the-art methods.
Design and experimental verification of an S-shaped continuous weft insertion system for soft–hard blended preform narrow channels
Authors: Xing Lipeng , Dong Jiuzhi , Jiang Xiuming
Published: October 2024

To address the limitations of the existing weft insertion technology in inserting carbon fiber bundles into the narrow channels of soft–hard blended preform, a proposed solution is to use a continuous weft insertion trajectory based on an S-shaped path for narrow channels. A weft insertion system that meets the process requirements has been designed. The analysis of the functional requirements for the continuous weft insertion system has identified five key nodes for the system, and the motion paths of each mechanism have been established. Through design methods such as analytical methods, rigid inversion methods, and mechanical analysis, the modular design of the system and the planning of the timing sequence for multiple mechanisms have been completed. Weft insertion experiments have been conducted on a continuous weft insertion system experimental platform, and the results demonstrate that the weft insertion system can effectively introduce carbon fiber bundles into the narrow channels, forming the expected S-shaped continuous weft insertion trajectory. This study verifies the feasibility of the designed weft insertion system and the accuracy of the continuous weft insertion theory, providing a viable solution for continuous weft insertion in the narrow channels of soft–hard blended preforms.
Research on the development and performance of flexible protective fabrics with knitted structure
Authors: Jiang Fei , Cong Honglian , Duan Yunfei , Huang Xian
Published: October 2024

Personal protective textiles (PPTs) protect humans from sharp objects. However, PPTs are designed primarily for protective performance, and their stiff material and single function make them unsuitable for long-term wear. In this study, we developed flexible protective textiles using advanced flat knitting technology. These textiles offer excellent cut resistance, good abrasion resistance, high flexibility, and warmth-retention properties. A flexible protective fabric (FPF) with knitted structure was designed with an outer layer that provides cut and abrasion resistance, an intermediate layer, and an inner layer for heat storage. The study examined the cut resistance, abrasion resistance, flexibility, thermal management, breathability and stability of the developed fabrics. FPF has excellent abrasion and cut resistance. The cut resistance of the fabric was tested in three directions. The warp cutting load was 2145 gf, while the weft cutting load was 2347 gf. The diagonal cutting load was the largest at 2364 gf, resulting in an A5 cutting grade for high cutting hazards. Compared with other protective fabrics available on the market, FPF stands out due to its softness and the smallest bending stiffness in both the warp and weft directions. Additionally, it has excellent thermal management performance and breathability, providing 53% insulation and 146 mm/s breathability. Stability tests have shown that FPF has excellent color fastness to perspiration, good cleaning stability and aging stability for cut resistance, flexibility, warmth-retention properties and breathability.
Assessing Student Preferences for Quantitative Methods Courses Using Discrete Choice Experiments
Authors: Zangger Christoph
Published: October 2024

Understanding how students choose quantitative methods courses is important for both instructors and departments: Meeting student preferences increases motivation and engagement, enhances learning, can contribute to reducing statistics anxiety, and ensures enrollment. This article uses a discrete choice experiment to causally assess sociology students’ course preferences. In contrast to existing experimental interventions, choice experiments allow for an estimation of treatment effects prior to implementing an instructional design. Using data collected at a German university as a case study, this contribution provides insights and discusses practical implications of student preferences for quantitative methods courses. In the study, students prefer courses that use hands-on forms of assessment, follow a regular schedule, offer more credit points, and mix undergraduate and graduate students. The accompanying online material provides a step-by-step introduction to the design of discrete choice experiments, allowing a replication of the study and an implementation of the methodology in other contexts.
A Single-Session Wellness Initiative for Black College Women: Integrating Expressive Arts, Spirituality, and Political Resistance
Authors: Pierce Raven , Parker Janise S.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to understand how four Black women undergraduate students experienced a single-session wellness initiative that integrated expressive arts, spirituality, and political resistance. After participating in the group wellness session, the researchers conducted individual interviews with each participant to understand their interpretation of their paintings and their perceptions of the expressive arts group. All interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data were analyzed using a structured coding process. Three themes emerged from the cross-case analysis of the semi-structured interviews: (1) Black Women Connecting, (2) Appreciation for the Session Topic, and (3) Systemic Efforts to Promote Black Women’s Wellness. Conducting this study with undergraduate Black women from a predominantly white institution (PWI) yields recommendations for providing culturally responsive wellness programming at university counseling centers.
Comparative study of improved control strategies for DFIG in wind energy conversion systems: A dSpace real-time implementation approach
Authors: Kadri Ameni , Marzougui Hajer , Bacha Faouzi
Published: October 2024

This research paper focuses on the comparison of two distinct strategies for direct power control (DPC) of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) in wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). The study places particular emphasis on algorithms based on low-pass filters for the estimation of stator and rotor flux, which have demonstrated good performance characteristics. Detailed theoretical analysis and implementation procedures of the proposed methods are presented. To evaluate and compare the performance of the control strategies, MATLAB/Simulink software is utilized for comprehensive analysis. The obtained results, both quantitative and qualitative, from this comparative analysis are expected to be of great interest to researchers engaged in the field of DFIG-based WECSs. Furthermore, real-time validation is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, specifically focusing on the DPC approach based on stator flux estimation. A dSpace 1104 real-time card is employed and tested with a wind turbine emulator. The experimental results obtained through this validation process provide evidence of the efficiency and validity of the proposed control strategy. Overall, this research contributes to the advancement of DPC strategies for DFIG-based WECS by comparing and evaluating different control methods, providing in-depth theoretical analysis, and validating the proposed approach through real-time experimentation. The findings affirm the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, further establishing its value in practical applications.
Comparing Closure Techniques for Pharyngeal Mucosa After Total Laryngectomy: Manual Suture, Linear Stapler, and Thyroid Gland Flap—A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Han Bo , Hou LiZhen , Hao Sen , Han Zhengxue , Fang Jugao , Wu Jixiang
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aimed to compare the clinical effectiveness of manual suture (group A), linear stapler (group B), and thyroid gland flap (group C) for pharyngeal mucosal closure after total laryngectomy (TL) in laryngeal cancer patients. Methods: The data of laryngeal cancer patients who underwent TL between January 1, 2017, and December 1, 2021, were analyzed. Patients were categorized into group A, group B, and group C based on the closure technique. Various parameters, including general data, hospitalization days, total cost, pharyngeal closure time, pharyngeal fistula, pre- and post-surgical calcium levels, and thyroid function indexes, were compared. Results: The study included 81 patients (mean age: 64.09 ± 9.20 years), the general data of the 3 groups of patients were comparable. Tumor stage and primary tumor location varied significantly among the groups ( P = .002 and P < .001, respectively). Group A was more commonly used for advanced-stage tumors with widespread invasion. Group B was primarily used for early-stage tumors localized to the larynx. Group C was preferred for cases with mucosal defects or extensive hypopharyngeal invasion. Group B presented a significantly shorter operation time and slightly lower total cost ( P = .006). Pharyngeal fistula incidence was 17.28% (14/81), with comparable rates among the groups [12.35% (10/50) in group A, 12.5% (2/16) in group B, and 13.3% (2/15) in group C]. No dysphagia complications were observed during the 2-to-5-year follow-up. Blood calcium levels and thyroid function indicators showed no significant differences before and after surgery among the 3 groups ( P > .05). Conclusion: Thyroid gland flap is a safe option that can be used to repair mucosal defects and close the pharyngeal cavity after TL surgery, but in the absence of mucosal defects and widespread tumor invasion, linear staplers are the most time-efficient method.
Shifts in Residential Mobility Predict Shifts in Culture
Authors: Buttrick Nicholas , Cha Youngjae , Oishi Shigehiro
Published: October 2024

Does residential mobility change cultures, or is it merely a downstream indicator for other forces? Using large-scale surveys of citizens of 18 industrialized nations, we find that increased rates of residential mobility predict living in a more dynamic society at least 10 years in the future: one in which residents are more satisfied with their lives, have greater optimism, endorse more individualistic concepts, are more open to new ideas, have a greater sense of freedom of action, feel able to make friends more easily, express a more cosmopolitan identity, believe that their society rewards merit, and hold their community to a higher standard for treatment of minorities. These findings are echoed in the experience of Americans who have themselves recently moved, where we find that having successfully moved predicts a future sense of personal thriving, optimism, and a belief that merit is rewarded.
Reporting to audiences in crisis: Disruption, criticism and absent hope in TV journalisms’ rendering of the impactful UK energy price rises
Authors: Matthews Julian
Published: October 2024

How does journalism communicate to audiences who are experiencing crisis? Existing literature suggests that journalists use reporting templates and related practices to report crises with elite narratives and myths (and some ‘disruptive factors’, on occasion). Their news audiences, it follows, are understood as observers of abstracted crisis rather than as those who are experiencing crisis impacts as immediate and affecting. Such thinking becomes challenged by the emerging UK energy crisis. Analysing the corresponding TV journalism shows its reporting responds to several unique disruptive aspects of the crisis (i.e. its ‘seriality’, ‘unpredictability’ and ‘impacts’) rather than reproduce expected myths and authority skew. Additionally, it forms potentially transformative coverage with an included critical commentary on elite inaction and profiteering. Still, omitted at the same time is any relevant explanation and assistance for those audiences affected by the soaring energy costs. The paper argues, subsequently, that this journalism is producing a crisis subjectivity that serves only to reflect back accounts of ‘close suffering’ and uncertainty to audiences, without any sense of hope, support or meaningful action.
Are women more progressive than men? Attitudinal gender gaps in West European democracies
Authors: Langsæther Peter Egge , Knutsen Carl Henrik
Published: October 2024

We assess gender gaps in attitudes to several important and distinct policy areas, including economic left–right issues, gender equality, immigration, environmentalism and traditional ‘moral issues’. Drawing on comprehensive survey data from 14 established democracies in Western Europe, we document that women have more progressive attitudes than men do on all the five attitudinal dimensions that we consider. These patterns are similar (albeit not identical) across West European countries, despite cross-country differences in political cultures and systems. We also elaborate on potential implications of our findings for other political outcomes of interest, including voting behaviour and the functioning of representative democracy, and point to avenues for future research in detailing the mechanisms that contribute to the observed gender gaps.
Global policy diffusion as a socially constructed process: Insights from UNESCO Creative Cities Network’s shift towards the Global South
Authors: Zhu Biyun , Li Xuefei
Published: October 2024

This study examines the diffusion of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network, focusing on the dynamics of four core diffusion mechanisms and reinterpreting them within a multi-agent framework. This approach enhances understanding of policy diffusion as a socially constructed process, emphasizing the heterogeneous pathways that various agents navigate within a single mechanism. Such variances are vital for grasping the complexities of why policies diffuse or fail, aspects that often escape traditional quantitative methods. In tracing the UNESCO Creative Cities Network’s diffusion from the Global North to South, we highlight UNESCO’s pivotal role in steering diffusion to reflect its evolving priorities; how cities appropriate the UNESCO Creative Cities Network to legitimize their policy goals and actions; the differing capabilities of cities from the Global North and Global South in negotiating and adopting such a global policy; and the tendency of global policies to diffuse among countries that are culturally proximate, as demonstrated by cultural distance index.
A systematic literature review on the obstacles to workplace success among visually impaired individuals
Authors: Gulyamova Saodat Tolibovna , Manap Jamiah , Sofia Amin Aizan , Hairi Omar Nik
Published: October 2024

Encountering individuals with visual impairments at organisations has become more commonplace than before. As the proportion of visually impaired individuals rises inside companies, the obstacles to achieving workplace success become more apparent. A systematic literature review was conducted to present the obstacles individuals with vision impairment face in achieving workplace success. Three hundred ninety-eight relevant papers were collected from reputable databases, including Mendeley, Web of Science, Scopus, and Springer e-databases. The analysis focused on 12 non-duplicate, original (research), English-language, open-access, and full papers published between 2019 and 2023. These studies were selected and widely covered obstacles to workplace success among visually impaired individuals based on the eligibility criteria. Most focused on visually impaired individuals employed in the United States. These studies primarily used quantitative research methods and were published between 2021 and 2022. The significant obstacles to workplace success among individuals with vision impairment in the 12 selected studies were unfitting to the workplace environment, job insecurity, lack of reasonable accommodation and rehabilitation services, poor psychological conditions, and unsatisfactory wages.
Reliable infarction of the middle cerebral artery territory in C57BL/6 mice using pterygopalatine artery ligation and filament optimization – The PURE-MCAo model
Authors: Yoshimura Sodai , Dorok Maximilian , Mamrak Uta , Wehn Antonia , Krestel Eva , Khalin Igor , Plesnila Nikolaus
Published: October 2024

Current techniques for inducing intraluminal filamentous middle cerebral artery occlusion (fMCAo) in mice produce highly variable results and often cause additional infarcts in the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) territory. The aim of the current study was to develop a novel procedure to overcome these shortcomings. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 60 min of fMCAo with cerebral blood flow monitored by laser Doppler flowmetry. The influence of the length of the occlusion filament coating and the combination of common carotid artery (CCA) or pterygopalatine artery (PPA) ligation on lesion volume and functional outcome 24 h after reperfusion was evaluated. The use of appropriate filament and PPA ligation while maintaining CCA perfusion prevented the development of infarcts in the PCA area, resulted in pure MCA infarcts (68.3 ± 14.5 mm3) and reduced the variability of infarct volumes by more than half (from 26–38% to 14% standard deviation/mean). Using an improved fMCAo procedure, we were able to produce PCA area-unaffected reproducible (PURE) infarcts exclusively in the MCA territory. Thus PURE-MCAo reduced outcome variability by more than 50%. Our results may thus help to reduce the number of animals in preclinical stroke research and to increase the reproducibility of the fMCAo model.
Medin, a link between vascular pathology and dementia?
Authors: Altenburg Ilse S , Smets Nina G , Strijkers Gustav J , Bakker Erik NTP
Published: October 2024

Medin is a protein fragment derived from milk fat globule epidermal growth factor VIII (MFG-E8). Medin aggregates are present in the vessel wall of most subjects over 50 years of age. In this narrative review, we focus on the consequences of medin aggregation in relation to the development of dementia. Recent literature revealed medin as biomarker for dementia in CSF, specifically of a vascular subtype. Preclinical work showed that medin is associated with aging-related cerebral vascular dysfunction, vascular stiffening, hypertension, and. vascular amyloid β deposition. These findings position medin as a potential mechanistic link between aging, vascular pathology and dementia.
Clinical value of a radiomics model based on machine learning for the prediction of prostate cancer
Authors: Chen Zhen-Lin , Huang Zhang-Cheng , Lin Shao-Shan , Li Zhi-Hao , Dou Rui-Ling , Xu Yue , Jiang Shao-Qin , Li Meng-Qiang
Published: October 2024

Objective

Radiomics models have demonstrated good performance for the diagnosis and evaluation of prostate cancer (PCa). However, there are currently no validated imaging models that can predict PCa or clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Therefore, we aimed to identify the best such models for the prediction of PCa and csPCa.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of 942 patients with suspected PCa before they underwent prostate biopsy. MRI data were collected to manually segment suspicious regions of the tumor layer-by-layer. We then constructed models using the extracted imaging features. Finally, the clinical value of the models was evaluated.

Results

A diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) plus apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) random-forest model and a T2-weighted imaging plus ADC and DWI multilayer perceptron model were the best models for the prediction of PCa and csPCa, respectively. Areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.942 and 0.999, respectively, were obtained for a training set. Internal validation yielded AUCs of 0.894 and 0.605, and external validation yielded AUCs of 0.732 and 0.623.

Conclusion

Models based on machine learning comprising radiomic features and clinical indicators showed good predictive efficiency for PCa and csPCa. These findings demonstrate the utility of radiomic models for clinical decision-making.
Laparoscopic segmental colectomy with extensive D3 lymph node dissection for right transverse colon cancer
Authors: Huang Xing
Published: October 2024

Objective

We herein propose a novel approach, laparoscopic segmental colectomy with extensive D3 lymph node dissection (ED3LND), for right-sided transverse colon cancer (TCC).

Methods

Forty-two patients with right-sided TCC were randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 (segmental colectomy with D3LND) and Group 2 (segmental colectomy with ED3LND). Clinical characteristics, surgical and pathological outcomes, and oncological outcomes were retrospectively compared between the two groups.

Results

The number of lymph nodes retrieved, apical lymph nodes retrieved, and apical lymph node metastases were significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2. No significant differences were observed in the operation time, length of hospital stay, estimated blood loss, lymph node metastases, postoperative lymphoceles, or other Clavien–Dindo grade ≥III postoperative complications between the two groups. The 3-year disease-free survival rate was 82.6% in Group 1 and 84.2% in Group 2, with no significant difference.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic segmental colectomy with ED3LND for right-sided TCC may offer better oncological outcomes than D3LND. A large-scale prospective randomized controlled study is needed to further validate the oncological benefits of this novel procedure.
Hot topics in genitourinary cancers: A multidisciplinary discussion on state-of-the-art and latest developments among international experts and patient advocacy
Authors: Rametta Alessandro , Ambrosini Paolo , Cavalli Chiara , Gusmaroli Eleonora , Claps Melanie , Giannatempo Patrizia , Guadalupi Valentina , Stellato Marco , Verzoni Elena , De Braud Filippo Maria Guglielmo , Procopio Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

Genitourinary cancers present significant challenges to oncologists, necessitating innovative approaches for improved patient outcomes. The ‘Controversies in Genitourinary Cancers’ congress, held in January 2024, convened international experts to address the complexities of prostate, bladder, renal and rare genitourinary cancers. Sessions explored current trends, novel treatments, and unmet needs, emphasizing collaborative efforts to advance knowledge and patient care. Through multidisciplinary engagement and patient advocacy, the congress underscored the imperative of collective action in navigating the complexities of genitourinary cancers, ultimately aiming to transform clinical practice and improve patient outcomes.
Enhanced patient journey associated with improved overall survival in colon cancer patients: A study by the Ligurian Oncology Network
Authors: Boutros Andrea , Diaz Gaitan Nidia Sofia , Orengo Giovanni , Blondeaux Eva , Pastorino Alessandro , Zacconi Monica , Ferrè Francesca , Boni Luca , Cardinali Barbara , Del Mastro Lucia
Published: October 2024

Background:

Colon cancer imposes a significant burden on global healthcare systems, necessitating efforts to improve oncology care quality and patient outcomes. We studied the correlation between care quality and survival outcomes among colon cancer patients within the Ligurian Oncology Network (Italy).

Methods:

We developed an Overall Quality Score (OQS) to evaluate the impact of oncology care quality on survival outcomes within the Ligurian Oncology Network. OQS indicators were selected through expert consensus, covering screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. A sample of colon cancer patients diagnosed in 2012 was randomly selected from administrative healthcare data. Analyses were performed using two models: a binary model (High and Low OQS) and a stratified model (Low, Medium, and High OQS). Statistical analysis involved survival curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards models using SAS 9.4.

Results:

Of 175 eligible colon cancer patients, 150 were included. Following a median follow-up of 7.6 years, a correlation between High-OQS (⩾ 65%) and prolonged disease-free survival was observed (unadjusted HR 0.57, 95%CI 0.33-0.99, log-rank p=0.041). The five-year disease-free survival rate for High-OQS patients was 70% (95%CI 57–80%), compared to 53% (95%CI 41–64%) for Low-OQS patients. Similarly, the five-year overall survival rate was 78% (95%CI 65-86%) for High-OQS patients, compared to 58% (95%CI 45–68%) for Low-OQS patients (unadjusted HR 0.56, 95%CI 0.31-1.00, log-rank p=0.048).

Conclusions:

Our findings highlight the potential impact of the patient journey on colon cancer survival outcomes. Optimising care pathways might improve patient outcomes in colon cancer management.
Pavement Distress Detection Based on the Staged Deep Learning Classifier Approach
Authors: Dipankar Amit , Suman Sanjeev Kumar
Published: October 2024

Pavement crack detection is a critical task that is essential to ensure the safety of roads and highways. Accurate detection and classification of pavement cracks can help transportation agencies to identify potential maintenance needs and plan appropriate interventions. In this project, we propose a staged deep learning classifier approach for pavement crack detection to provide accurate and comprehensive information about the pavement condition. In this proposed pavement crack detection model, there are four main phases: pre-processing, feature extraction, feature selection, and crack detection. Firstly, raw images are pre-processed through median filtering and histogram equalization for noise removal and contrast enhancement. Next, features such as the improved local binary pattern, gray-level co-occurrence matrix, and gray-level run length matrix are extracted from the pre-processed images. The optimal features are selected using a hybrid optimization model, the tuna customized honey badger optimization algorithm, which combines the honey badger algorithm and tuna swarm optimization. This new hybrid optimization model will enhance the search strategy for solving optimization problems. The loss function of an augmented convolutional neural network (A-CNN) is modified to compute the root mean square error instead of the entropy-based loss function. The final detected outcomes (presence or absence of cracks) are acquired from the A-CNN.
Real-Time Freeway Crash Detection Framework using Connected Vehicle Waypoint Data
Authors: Kandiboina Raghupathi , Ravichandra-Mouli Varsha , Basulto-Elias Guillermo , Knickerbocker Skylar , Hawkins Neal , Sharma Anuj
Published: October 2024

Accurate and timely detection of traffic accidents is crucial for transportation agencies seeking swift responses and effective traffic management, particularly on freeways where crash severity and traffic flow disruptions are amplified. While several methods have been developed using cameras or infrastructure-mounted sensors, these approaches may face challenges in geographical scalability. To address this issue, a novel approach has been developed that leverages real-time connected vehicle trajectories at a market penetration rate of 4%–9%. The method involves extracting five key features from individual journeys that sense the speed and acceleration fluctuations. The results demonstrate promising outcomes, achieving an overall accuracy of 63.5% with 4.1% false detections and 33.4% non-detections. This accuracy surpasses the speed-alone model using the same data by 24%. Furthermore, higher traffic volumes lead to even greater accuracy, exceeding 80% at level of service D and 90% at level of service E. The developed algorithm also exhibits precision in crash detection, with a mean latency of only 2.5 min after the actual incidents. The entire processing time may additionally add up to 1 min. The robustness of the model is tested for a single day on one of the interstates, providing promising results. This study highlights the potential of connected vehicle data in enhancing crash prediction methods and underlines its value for the safety and efficiency of future transportation systems.
“I Don’t Know What I’m Going to Meet Today”: Home Care Workers’ Decision-Making About Safety During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kruger Katherine , Kuhnmuench Christina , Ikari Ryoko , Gates Karen , Bell Sue Anne
Published: October 2024

The home care workforce provides supportive healthcare services to older adults. The COVID-19 pandemic heightened the need for knowledge that can better support this high-risk and understudied group of essential workers. The study aimed to understand decision-making about safety and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study design used a descriptive qualitative study approach, and 34 participants completed individual video or phone interviews. The results were organized into three themes specific to decision-making around safety and well-being for home care workers (HCWs) during the pandemic: 1) Responsibility, commitment, and dedication to their clients led HCWs to continue to provide essential services, 2) Safety concerns did not prevent HCWs from reporting to work, and 3) HCWs expressed more concern about clients than their own safety. Understanding the experiences of HCWs can offer important insights for developing strategies and policies to address the safety of these essential yet often overlooked healthcare professionals.
Sociodemographic and Health Determinants of Loneliness in Older Immigrants in Canada: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Guruge Sepali , Sidani Souraya ,   The ICOI Team
Published: October 2024

The COVID pandemic brought to light the pressing issues of social isolation and loneliness for older adults. Immigrant older adults’ experience of loneliness is even more exacerbated by factors, such as, language barriers, and the loss of cultural community. Key determinants of loneliness in older immigrants are not clear in the literature. A cross-sectional study was conducted in nine cities across Canada to: describe the experience of emotional, social and overall loneliness; and examine the determinants of loneliness among Punjabi, Mandarin, and Arabic-speaking older immigrants. A total of 647 older immigrants participated in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to describe their experience of loneliness, and multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the determinants of loneliness. Most participants had a post-secondary education, were married, and had been in Canada for about 16 years. On average, the participants reported good physical and mental health, and moderate levels of emotional, social, and overall loneliness. Ethnocultural group, emotional wellbeing, and depression were associated with emotional loneliness. Social loneliness was associated with education, depression, psychological distress, age, and ethnocultural group. Determinants of overall loneliness were age, gender, ethnocultural group, self-rated mental health, emotional wellbeing, depression, and psychological distress. Community based interventions that target these key factors must be designed to address loneliness experienced by older immigrants.
Utilization of NIRS Monitor to Compare the Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation Between Dexmedetomidine and Propofol Sedation in Mechanically Ventilated Critically ill Patients with Sepsis- A Prospective Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Patidar Atul Kumar , Khanna Puneet , Kashyap Lokesh , Ray Bikash R. , Maitra Souvik
Published: October 2024

Aim & Background

Delirium frequently occurs in the acute phase of sepsis and is associated with increased ICU and hospital length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and higher mortality rates. We utilized the Near-Infrared Spectroscopy monitor to measure and compare the regional cerebral oxygen saturation in mechanically ventilated patients of sepsis receiving either dexmedetomidine or propofol sedation and assessed the association between delirium and regional cerebral oxygen saturation.

Methods

A single center prospective randomized control trial conducted over a period of two years, 54 patients were included, equally divided between propofol and dexmedetomidine groups. Patients received a blinded study drug, propofol (10 mg/mL) or dexmedetomidine (5 mcg/mL) via infusion pump according to randomization. Infusion rates were adjusted every 10 min based on weight-based titration tables, aiming for target sedation (RASS −2 to 0). Management components included pain monitoring using the CPOT score and delirium assessment using CAM-ICU score.

Results

Dexmedetomidine group showed higher mean regional cerebral oxygen saturation as compared to propofol group ( P = .036). No significant differences were found in mechanical ventilation or ICU stay durations, delirium-free days, or sedation cessation reasons. Delirium occurred in 36 patients, with lower mean regional cerebral oxygen saturation as compared to non-delirious patients.

Conclusion

The dexmedetomidine group had higher regional cerebral oxygen saturation compared to the propofol group. Delirious patients showed lower cerebral oxygen saturation than non-delirious patients, suggesting a link between sedation type, cerebral oxygenation, and delirium. CTRI registration: REF/2021/11/048655 N