bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Feasibility Study of a Program Integrating Mindfulness, Yoga, Positive Psychology, and Emotional Intelligence in Tertiary-Level Student Musicians
Authors: Bartos L. Javier , Funes María J. , Ouellet Marc , Posadas M. Pilar , Immink Maarten A. , Krägeloh Chris
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Higher education student musicians face high physical, psychological, and emotional demands affecting their well-being and academic experience. This study examined the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of the so-called CRAFT program, based on mindfulness, yoga, positive psychology, and emotional intelligence, to improve psychological well-being, psychological distress, emotional regulation, and physical flexibility amongst tertiary education student musicians.

Methods

Using a single-arm pre-post study design, student musicians (n = 25) at a royal conservatory of music in Spain followed a 25-week CRAFT program that was curricularly implemented during the academic year 2018/2019, once a week for 50 min. The outcome measures included were the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the Subjective Psychological Well-Being Subscale (SPWS), the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Sit and Reach Test (SRT).

Results

Paired samples t-test and practical significance analyses revealed significant improvements for the total scale of the FFMQ (g = 0.28), the Observe (g = 0.44) and Describe (g = 0.38) subscales of the FFMQ, the SPWS (g = 0.32), the Reappraisal subscale of the ERQ (g = 0.43), and the SRT (g = 0.39). A similar pattern of results was observed in a filtered sample (n = 15) when excluding participants simultaneously engaged in yoga/meditation activities other than the CRAFT program.

Conclusions

These results indicated that the CRAFT program is a promising intervention for improving mindfulness skills and health and well-being states and abilities amongst higher education student musicians. Further research is needed to substantiate these findings and extend them to similar settings and populations with complex psychophysical concerns.
A competition system with nonlinear cross-diffusion: exact periodic patterns
Authors: Kersner Robert , Klincsik Mihály , Zhanuzakova Dinara
Published: September 2022

Our concern in this paper is to shed some additional light on the mechanism and the effect caused by the so called cross-diffusion. We consider a two-species reaction–diffusion (RD) system. Both “fluxes” contain the gradients of both unknown solutions. We show that–for some parameter range– there exist two different type of periodic stationary solutions. Using them, we are able to divide into parts the (eight-dimensional) parameter space and indicate the so called Turing domains where our solutions exist. The boundaries of these domains, in analogy with “bifurcation point”, called “bifurcation surfaces”. As it is commonly believed, these solutions are limits astgoes to infinity of the solutions of corresponding evolution system. In a forthcoming paper we shall give a detailed account about our numerical results concerning different kind of stability. Here we also show some numerical calculations making plausible that our solutions are in fact attractors with a large domain of attraction in the space of initial functions.
Three term relations for multivariate Uvarov orthogonal polynomials
Authors: Aktaş Rabia , Area Iván , Pérez Teresa E.
Published: September 2022

Three term relations for orthogonal polynomials in several variables associated to a moment linear functional obtained by a Uvarov modification of a given moment functional are studied. Existence of Uvarov orthogonal polynomials is analyzed, stating conditions to ensure it. The matrices of the three term relations of the Uvarov orthogonal polynomials are explicitly given in terms of the matrices of the three term relations satisfied by the original family. Two examples are presented in order to show that the results are valid for positive definite linear functionals and also for some quasi definite linear functionals which are not positive definite.
Causal Inference with Case-Only Studies in Injury Epidemiology Research
Authors: Rundle Andrew G. , Bader Michael D. M. , Branas Charles C. , Lovasi Gina S. , Mooney Stephen J. , Morrison Christopher N. , Neckerman Kathryn M.
Published: September 2022

Purpose of Review

We review the application and limitations of two implementations of the “case-only design” in injury epidemiology with example analyses of Fatality Analysis Reporting System data.

Recent Findings

The term “case-only design” covers a variety of epidemiologic designs; here, two implementations of the design are reviewed: (1) studies to uncover etiological heterogeneity and (2) studies to measure exposure effect modification. These two designs produce results that require different interpretations and rely upon different assumptions. The key assumption of case-only designs for exposure effect modification, the more commonly used of the two designs, does not commonly hold for injuries and so results from studies using this design cannot be interpreted. Case-only designs to identify etiological heterogeneity in injury risk are interpretable but only when the case-series is conceptualized as arising from an underlying cohort.

The results of studies using case-only designs are commonly misinterpreted in the injury literature.
Das Übergangstraining als Maßnahme bei der Wiedereingliederung im professionellen Bühnentanz nach Arbeitsunfall: Untersuchungen des Feedbacks von Tänzer*innen – ein Pilotprojekt
Authors: Wanke Eileen M. , Matt Christopher , Ohlendorf Daniela , Holzgrefe Fabian , Schmidt Mike
Published: September 2022

Einleitung

Das Übergangstraining kommt in der Phase zwischen allgemeinen Maßnahmen einer Rehabilitation und dem Wiedererreichen der vollständigen Arbeitsfähigkeit im Tanzberuf zum Einsatz. Durch die Tanzspezifik führt das Übergangstraining verletzte Tänzer*innen in die tatsächliche berufliche, technisch spezifische und tägliche Tätigkeit zurück. Bisher fehlen weitgehend Daten zum Nutzen dieser Maßnahme. Ziel der vorliegenden Pilotstudie war daher eine erste retrospektive Evaluation zu subjektiven Erfahrungen.

Methoden

Retrospektive Querschnittbefragung (online) bein = 21 (w: 57,1 %, m: 42,9 %) Tänzer*innen nach Arbeitsunfall.

Ergebnisse

Das Übergangstraining wurde von den Teilnehmenden als sehr hilfreich eingestuft. 38,1 % bewerteten es sogar als die hilfreichste Maßnahme, gefolgt von der Physiotherapie und dem Gyrotonic Expansion System®. Die nahezu ungeteilte, höhere Aufmerksamkeit durch den oder die Pädagog*in (81 %), das im Vergleich zum Training im Ensemble entspannte und stressfreie Arbeiten (81 %) sowie die Berücksichtigung der individuellen Verletzung und den damit verbundenen Einschränkungen (81 %) wurden von den Teilnehmenden dieses Pilotprojektes als Vorteile des Übergangstrainings besonders häufig genannt. 52,3 % bewerteten die subjektive Leistungsfähigkeit als mindestens genauso hoch wie vor der Verletzung.

Diskussion und Fazit

Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass ein Übergangstraining im Rahmen der Rehabilitation und Wiedereingliederung professioneller Tänzer*innen nach Verletzungen einen wichtigen Beitrag darstellt. Jedoch sollten weitere Studien folgen, die diese ersten Ergebnisse unterstützen bzw. das Wissen erweitern helfen.
Interviewing preschool children in Greece about their usage of mobile devices at home
Authors: Pogiatzi Maria , Bardoutsou Iro , Lavidas Konstantinos , Komis Vassilis
Published: September 2022

The time children spend with mobile devices has increased in recent years. Preschoolers’ home usage of mobile devices has mainly been investigated through parents’ perceptions. Listening to the children’s voices can help us understand this matter more directly. Therefore, in this study, a convergent mixed methods approach was employed to help us investigate the home usage of mobile devices by young children, focusing on children’s comments. The participants were 55 Greek children aged 4–6, attending two public kindergartens in Patras. Children described in detail their activities on mobile devices, through semi-structured interviews. The results indicated that the most popular activity for the children was playing digital games. The children were able to demonstrate and describe activities for educational purposes (letters, numbers, digital puzzles, documentaries, etc.) during the home usage of mobile devices. The circumstances in which they are allowed to use their mobile devices is when their parents want to keep them calm during quiet hours or in public places. Implications for introducing mobile learning activities in Greek education are discussed.
Cerebral venous thrombosis in adolescence
Authors: Gomes Sara Madureira , Figueiredo Rita , Morais Ricardo , Soares Sérgia , Fonseca Jacinta , Melo Cláudia , Sampaio Mafalda , Sousa Raquel
Published: September 2022

Behçet's disease (BD) is a rare systemic vasculitis with multisystemic involvement. Neurological involvement, called neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD), mostly involves the central nervous system and ce-rebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is the predominant neurological manifestation in the pediatric age.

A 12-year-old female with a past medical history of a CVT, without an identifiable etiology, was admitted with a five-day right fronto-orbital headache. Neuroimage showed a subacute thrombosis of a right superficial sylvian vein, with indirect signs of intracranial hypertension and no imaging signs of vasculitis. Prothrombotic screening and immunologic study were normal. She was started on acetazol- amide and hypocoagulation with progressively improving. She had a history of frequent oral aphthae and an episode of a genital ulcer three months before admission. Pathergy test was negative. HLA-B51 was positive. She was diagnosed with NBD and started therapy with colchicine and infliximab. After discharge, the patient remains without symptoms, hypocoagulated, and on infliximab regimen, without complications to report.

This case, only diagnosed in the second episode of CVT, is paradigmatic of the difficulty in establishing the diagnosis of BD.
Predictors of Non-Response to a Sexual Health Survey in a North American Preconception Cohort Study
Authors: Bond Julia C. , Abrams Jasmine , Wesselink Amelia K. , White Katharine O. , Rothman Kenneth J. , Wise Lauren A.
Published: September 2022

Background

Refusal to participate in studies related to sexual health can compromise the internal and external validity of findings. Research examining non-response to sexual health studies has primarily focused on predictors such as specific sexual attitudes and behaviors.

Aim

Evaluate predictors of non-response to a supplemental sexual health survey added to a web-based cohort study, focusing on predictors that may be important in epidemiologic studies of sexual health.

Methods

In March 2021, we added the “Sexual Health and Wellbeing Questionnaire” (SQ), an optional supplemental sexual health survey, to the protocol for Pregnancy Study Online , a web-based North American prospective cohort study. Eligible participants identified as female and were aged 21–45 years, actively trying to conceive, and in a relationship with a male partner. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire at enrollment and follow-up questionnaires every 8 weeks. Participants were invited to complete the SQ 30 days after baseline questionnaire completion. The analytic sample included all Pregnancy Study Online participants who enrolled between March 2021 and December 2021 and was divided into 3 mutually-exclusive groups: (i) those who completed the baseline questionnaire only (ie, did not complete a follow-up questionnaire or the SQ), (ii) those who completed at least 1 follow-up questionnaire but not the SQ, and (iii) participants who completed the SQ (with or without a follow-up questionnaire). We compared sociodemographic, medical, lifestyle, and reproductive factors across these groups.

Results

Of the 1,491 enrolled participants, 302 (20.3%) completed the baseline questionnaire only, 259 (17.4%) completed a follow-up questionnaire but not the SQ, and 930 (62.4%) completed the SQ. Strong predictors of non-response (absolute difference in response >10% comparing SQ responders to baseline-only responders) included longer pregnancy attempt time at study entry, a history of infertility, and lower income and education. Compared with response to the follow-up questionnaire only, SQ response was lower among Hispanic/Latina participants and participants aged <25 years.

Clinical translation

The addition of sexual health surveys to established cohort studies may be an effective way to expand epidemiologic sex research efforts.

Strengths & limitations

Study strengths include the prospective design, geographic heterogeneity of the cohort, and use of online methods. Our findings may not generalize to clinic-based sex research.

Conclusion

We report that in an established North American cohort study, response to the SQ exceeded 60%. We observed few strong predictors for SQ non-response among engaged participants.
Evaluating Nebraska EMS Providers’ Ability and Willingness to Respond to Emergencies Resulting from Bioterrorist Attacks
Authors: Houser Ryan
Published: September 2022

Objective:

Previous studies have found that public health systems within the United States are inadequately prepared for an act of biological terrorism. As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues, few studies have evaluated bioterrorism preparedness of Emergency Medical Services (EMS), even in the accelerating environment of biothreats.

Methods:

This study utilized an Internet-based survey to assess the level of preparedness and willingness to respond to a bioterrorism attack and identify factors that predict preparedness and willingness among Nebraska EMS providers. The survey was available for 1 month in 2021 during which 190 EMS providers responded to the survey.

Results:

Only 56.8% of providers were able to recognize an illness or injury as potentially resulting from exposure to a biological agent. The provider Clinical Competency levels ranged from a low of 13.6% (ability to initiate patient care within his/her professional scope of practice and arrange for prompt referral appropriate to the identified condition(s)) to a high of 74% (the ability to respond to an emergency within the emergency management system of his/her practice, institution, and community). Only 10% of the respondents were both willing and able to effectively function in a bioterror environment.

Conclusion:

To effectively prepare for and respond to a bioterrorist attack, all levels of the health care system need to have the clinical skills, knowledge, and abilities necessary to treat patients exposed to biological agents. Policy changes and increased focus on training and drills are needed to ensure a prepared EMS system, which is crucial to a resilient state. EMS entities need to be aware of the extent of their available workforce so that the country can be prepared for the increasing threat of bioterrorism or other novel emerging infectious disease outbreaks. A resilient nation relies on a prepared set of EMS providers who are willing to respond to biological terrorism events.
Shape dynamics and rheology of dilute suspensions of elastic and viscoelastic particles
Authors: Sanagavarapu Phani Kanth , Subramanian Ganesh , Nott Prabhu R.
Published: September 2022

This paper examines the shape dynamics of deformable elastic and viscoelastic particles in an ambient Newtonian fluid subjected to simple shear. The particles are allowed to undergo large deformation, with the elastic stress determined using the neo-Hookean constitutive relation. We first present a method to determine the shape dynamics of initially ellipsoidal particles that is an extension of the method of Roscoe (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 28, issue 2, 1967, pp. 273–293), originally used to determine the shape at steady state of an initially spherical particle. We show that our method recovers earlier results for the in-plane trembling and tumbling dynamics of initially prolate spheroids in simple shear flow, obtained by a different approach. We then examine the in-plane dynamics of oblate spheroids and triaxial ellipsoids in simple shear flow, and show that they too, like prolate spheroids, exhibit time-periodic tumbling or trembling dynamics, depending on the initial aspect ratios of the particle and the elastic capillary number

$G \equiv \mu \dot {\gamma }/\eta$

, where

$\mu$

is the viscosity of the fluid,

$\eta$

is the elastic shear modulus of the particle and

$\dot {\gamma }$

is the shear rate. In addition, we find a novel state wherein the particle extends indefinitely in time and asymptotically aligns with the flow axis. We demarcate all the dynamical regimes in the parameter space comprising

$G$

and the initial particle aspect ratios. When the particles are viscoelastic, damped oscillatory dynamics is observed for initially spherical particles, and the tumbling–trembling boundary is altered for initially prolate spheroids so as to favour tumbling.
Transatlantic Catholic Gap: Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde and John Courtney Murray on State and Society - Discussed: Religion, Law, and Democracy: Selected Writings. By Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde. Edited by Mirjam Künkler and Tine Stein. Translated by Thomas Dunlap. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. Pp. 480. $65.00 (cloth); Oxford Scholarship Online by subscription (digital). ISBN: 9780198818632. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818632.001.0001.
Authors: Faggioli Massimo
Published: September 2022

In comparing the works of two major Catholic thinkers, John Courtney Murray (1904–1967) and Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde (1930–2019), one finds an example of the divergences between European-continental Catholic and US Catholic concepts of the state and society. This divergence has become more evident in the context of the rise of American Catholics in politics and in the context of the crisis of the post–World War II liberal political order, but they have been at the heart of different Catholic intellectual traditions for quite some time. A comparative analysis of Murray and Böckenförde helps to explain the role of US Catholicism in the crisis of American democracy and the complexity of the reception of Vatican II in political theology in different Catholic Churches around the world.
Gaphara – Minna villa Marci- Ras Chacra – Gasr Jafara : processus de changements toponymiques au fil des siècles ou diversité de sites ?
Authors: Abdouli Hafed , Ahmed Muftah
Published: September 2022

Crossing literary evidence with archaeological data, we discuss the history of a site known as ‘Marsa Djazira’ by following the evolution of its toponym. During the Phoenician-Punic era, this site was described as a city/urban establishment with a harbour known as ‘Gaphara’. In late Roman times its name was most likely changed to ‘Minna Villa Marsi’, as the Marsi family of the aristocracy of Leptis Magna probably built a luxury residence (villa) and exploited the port to export olive products from its estates in the hinterland of Leptis Magna. In the Middle Ages, the site underwent another toponymic change to ‘Ras Chacra’ and became an official maritime station (port) on the shipping lanes. In the late Middle Ages, the ancient toponym ‘Gaphara’ reappeared again with a slight distortion as ‘Gasr Jafara/Djefara’. This last name was known when the site was already ruined and abandoned.
Markov blankets as boundary conditions: Sweeping dirt under the rug still cleans the house
Authors: Sánchez-Cañizares Javier
Published: September 2022

Bruineberg et al. underestimate the ontological weight of Markov blankets as actual boundaries of systems and lean toward an instrumentalist understanding thereof. Yet Markov blankets need not be deemed mere tools. Determining their reality depends on the fundamental problem of distinguishing between system and environment in physics, which, in turn, demands a metaphysical bedrock backed by a realist stance on science.
Boundaries and borders gone! But life goes on
Authors: Nave Kathryn
Published: September 2022

Unlike machines, living systems are distinguished by the continual destruction and regeneration of their boundaries and other components. Stable Markov blankets may be a real feature of the world, or they may be merely a construction of particular models, but they are neither a feature of organisms nor of any model that can capture the necessary conditions of their existence.
Causal surgery under a Markov blanket
Authors: Yon Daniel , Corlett Philip Robert
Published: September 2022

Bruineberg et al. provide compelling clarity on the roles Markov blankets could (and perhaps should) play in the study of life and mind. However, here we draw attention to a further role blankets might play: as a hypothesis about cognition itself. People and other animals may use blanket-like representations to model the boundary between themselves and their worlds.
Enough blanket metaphysics, time for data-driven heuristics
Authors: Rorot Wiktor , Korbak Tomasz , Litwin Piotr , Miłkowski Marcin
Published: September 2022

Bruineberg and colleagues criticisms' have been received but downplayed in the free energy principle (FEP) literature. We strengthen their points, arguing that Friston blanket discovery, even if tractable, requires a full formal description of the system of interest at the outset. Hence, blanket metaphysics is futile, and we postulate that researchers should turn back to heuristic uses of Pearl blankets.
The world is not enough: New diplomacy and dilemmas for the World Heritage Convention at 50
Authors: Meskell Lynn , Liuzza Claudia
Published: September 2022

In this article, we reflect on the current socio-political context of the 1972 World Heritage Convention after 50 years rather than its significant achievements and trials throughout its turbulent history. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has already documented and publicized these formative episodes. Instead, we consider the World Heritage milieu today, embedded as it is within a much broader landscape of non-governmental organizations and civil society preservation initiatives than it was five decades ago. Like other United Nations agencies, UNESCO now faces challenges arising from various types of re-spatialization beyond the nation-state that further impact its effectiveness. Those challenges encompass not only the expansive force of globalization but also regionalization and localization, all of which have given rise to a new diplomacy. We discuss the proliferation of competing international agencies and individual donors, then describe the dilemmas facing World Heritage, including the rise of non-state actors and post-conflict remediation in the Middle East, the limited recognition of Indigenous Peoples and their role in decision making, and the persistent failures to remedy the inequitable position of Africa as a priority region.
The Impact of Assisted Hatching on Monozygotic Twinning is Related to Female Age and Insemination Method: A New Perspective
Authors: Liu Chengjun , Su Ketong , Liu Gensheng , Shang Wei , Wang Xuefang , Li Chunjin , Chen Lu , Zhou Xu
Published: September 2022

Whether assisted hatching (AH) is associated with a higher incidence of monozygotic twinning (MZT) in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology remains controversial; the aim of the study was to demonstrate the relationship between AH and MZT. A total of 8900 clinical pregnancies were selected among embryo transfer cycles from January 2011 to October 2019. Women receiving day (D) 3 embryos were divided into groups A–C: group A (n = 1651) and group B (n = 1045) included women aged ≤37 or ≥38 years, respectively, with zona pellucida (ZP) thinning; group C (n = 3865) included women aged ≤37 years without AH. Women aged ≤37 years who underwent blastocyst transfer and/or blastocyst ZP breaching were included in group D (n = 2339). The incidence of MZT was compared among groups A, B and C, and between groups C and D. The incidence of MZT in group B (2.2%) was significantly higher than in group A (1.0%), especially following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), while the incidence of MZT in group A (1.0%) was significantly lower than in group C (2.2%). The MZT rate with in vitro fertilization was higher in group D (2.8%) than in group C (2.2%), but the MZT rate following ICSI was not significantly different between the two groups. ZP thinning of D3 embryos may increase the risk of MZT in older women (≥38 years), but decrease it in younger women (≤37 years). ZP breaching may be useful to reduce the incidence of MZT in ICSI-generated blastocysts.
Liposomes as carriers of resveratrol and vitamin E: Evaluating ameliorative antioxidant effect using chemical and cellular test systems
Authors: Kenchappa Vanaja , Wahl Martin , Heinle Helmut
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Resveratrol (RES) in combination with antioxidant vitamins is reported to be more effective in protecting the cells from oxidative stress rather than any of these antioxidants alone. In continuation to our previous work using resveratrol and vitamin C, our main aim was to evaluate the antioxidant restorative effect using chemical and cellular test systems on resveratrol co-encapsulated vitamin E (VE) within liposomes. Z-average size was less than 135 nm, polydispersity index < 0.3; zeta potential > than ± 30 mV and encapsulation efficiency of RES and VE > 90% and 79% respectively. Chemiluminescence measurement indicated that the antioxidative activity of RES could be increased when VE was additionally loaded into liposomes. Inhibition of AAPH induced luminol enhanced chemiluminescence displayed 90% improvement (P < 0.001) in comparison to control; on the other hand 70% luminescence inhibition of ROS production in isolated blood leukocytes (P < 0.001) was observed. Intracellular oxygen-derived radicals measured by flow cytometry using 2’-7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate demonstrated about 1.7 fold (P < 0.05) and 1.5 fold (P < 0.001) enhancement of radical scavenging activity in buffy coats under basal conditions and human umbilical vein endothelial cells after stimulation by H2O2respectively. The cellular systems evidenced the ability of liposome loaded antioxidants to scavenge ROS in the extra and intracellular space, confirming enhanced antioxidative effectivity of RES in the presence of VE, which did not occur in combination with vitamin C. Hence it might be possible to improve the antioxidative effectivity of RES by other/additional antioxidants.
Validation of the Dutch Version of the Plymouth Sensory Imagery	Questionnaire
Authors: Woelk Mandy , Hagenaars Muriel A. , Krans Julie
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Mental imagery plays an important role in the onset and maintenance of psychological disorders as well as their treatment. Therefore, a reliable and valid measure of mental imagery is essential. Andrade and colleagues (2014) developed the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire (PsiQ), which contains 35 items (long version) or 21 items (shortened version) measuring the vividness of mental imagery in seven different modalities: vision, sound, smell, taste, touch, bodily sensation, and emotion. Andrade et al. reported a seven-factor structure corresponding to the different modalities for both versions rather than a one-factor model measuring general mental imagery. The current paper reports on the translation and validation of the Dutch version of the PsiQ (PsiQ-NL-35 and PsiQ-NL-21). In two independent samples (student and mixed), the PsiQ-NL-35 showed excellent internal consistency, adequate model fit for the seven-factor model, and a poor fit for the one-factor model. Test-retest reliability (Study 1, student sample) was good. Construct validity (Study 2, mixed sample) was adequate. The PsiQ-NL-21 also showed excellent internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, adequate seven-factor model fit, and adequate construct validity. Measurement invariance between the Dutch and the English version was found, implying that both versions measure the same construct.
The Impact of Different Methods to Correct for Response Styles on the	External Validity of Self-Reports
Authors: Scharl Anna , Gnambs Timo
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Response styles (RSs) such as acquiescence represent systematic respondent behaviors in self-report questionnaires beyond the actual item content. They distort trait estimates and contribute to measurement bias in questionnaire-based research. Although various approaches were proposed to correct the influence of RSs, little is known about their relative performance. Because different correction methods formalize the latent traits differently, it is unclear how model choice affects the external validity of the corrected measures. Therefore, the present study on N = 1,000 Dutch respondents investigated the impact of correcting responses to measures of self-esteem and the need for cognition using structural equation models with structured residuals, multidimensional generalized partial credit models, and multinomial processing trees. The study considered three RSs: extreme, midpoint, and acquiescence RS. The results showed homogeneous correlation patterns among the modeled latent and external variables, especially if they were not themselves subject to RSs. In that case, the IRT-based models, including an uncorrected model, still yielded consistent results. Nevertheless, the strength of the effect sizes showed variation.
Measuring Growth Mindset
Authors: Rammstedt Beatrice , Grüning David J. , Lechner Clemens M.
Published: September 2022

Abstract: A growth mindset is a belief that personal characteristics, specifically intellectual ability, are malleable and can be developed by investing time and effort. Numerous studies have investigated the associations between a growth mindset and academic achievement, and large intervention programs have been established to train adolescents to develop a stronger growth mindset. However, methodological research on the adequacy of the measures used to assess a growth mindset is scarce. In our study, we conducted one of the first comprehensive assessments of the psychometric properties of Dweck’s widely used three-item Growth Mindset Scale in two samples (adolescents aged 14–19 years and adults aged 20–64 years). We test the comparability (i.e., measurement invariance) of the scale across these age groups. Furthermore, using the same two samples, we identified and validated a single-item measure to assess growth mindset in settings with severe time constraints. Results reveal that both the three-item and the single-item scales have acceptable psychometric properties regarding reliability, comparability, and validity. However, the results did not support some of the central tenets of mindset theory, such as that a growth mindset is positively linked to goal regulation and achievement, calling for future research on the criterion validity of a growth mindset.
Evaluation of Biological Carbon Pump Metrics in the Subtropical Gulf of Aqaba, Northern Red Sea
Authors: Kienast Stephanie. S. , Torfstein Adi
Published: September 2022

The oceanic biological carbon pump modulates atmospheric CO2 concentrations by transporting carbon from the sunlit surface to greater depths. The efficiency of the biological pump and its response to warming temperatures are of great importance to future projections of global change. Here, we investigate a time series of organic carbon fluxes from a monthly resolved sediment trap mooring in the Gulf of Aqaba (GOA), northern Red Sea, between 2014 and 2016. We evaluate the attenuation of sinking organic carbon in the context of the seasonally changing euphotic zone and provide the first estimates of biological pump efficiency in this region. The base of the euphotic zone changed seasonally as the system transitioned from oligotrophic and stratified conditions in summer to mesotrophic conditions during the winter mixing period. Carbon attenuation assessed using a power law fit yields an average coefficient of b = 0.80 ± 0.37, lower than expected based on the warm temperatures in the GOA. Estimates of export efficiency decreased from 40% in summer to 20% in winter, and show the opposite seasonal pattern as transfer efficiencies, which increased from 50% in summer to ∼95% in winter. Overall, the efficiency of the carbon pump was close to ∼20% in both seasons. These observations challenge the notion of a globally uniform positive correlation between increasing temperature and increasing carbon attenuation in the ocean and imply that warm subtropical ecosystems can support moderately enhanced carbon pump efficiencies, possibly also related to increased, dust‐driven, mineral ballasting in low latitude regions such as the GOA.
Direct Evidence of Interchange Instabilities at Dipolarization Fronts
Authors: Yu Y. , Wang Z. , Fu H. S. , Cao J. B.
Published: September 2022

Using the high‐resolution measurements from magnetospheric multiscale mission, here we present the observational evidence of kinetic interchange instabilities (ICIs) at dipolarization fronts (DFs). Specifically, we present the observation of two DFs caused by ICI, and discover the sub‐ion scale magnetic depression caused by kinetic‐scale ICI at the second DF. By using multi‐spacecraft observation, the typical process inside the magnetic hole (MH)—by electron trapping process—is clearly shown in the magnetic depression, evidencing that the depression is a sub‐ion MH generated at DF by kinetic ICI. Based on observations and Minimum Variance Analysis (MVA) analysis, we present a two‐dimensional image of the ICI in the nonlinear stage. This observational study demonstrates the kinetic ICI at DFs, confirming the existence of MH generated by ICI at DF, and improves the understanding of dynamics at DFs.
Eruption Forecasting of Strokkur Geyser, Iceland, Using Permutation Entropy
Authors: Sudibyo Maria R. P. , Eibl Eva P. S. , Hainzl Sebastian , Hersir Gylfi Páll
Published: September 2022

A volcanic eruption is usually preceded by seismic precursors, but their interpretation and use for forecasting the eruption onset time remain a challenge. A part of the eruptive processes in open conduits of volcanoes may be similar to those encountered in geysers. Since geysers erupt more often, they are useful sites for testing new forecasting methods. We tested the application of Permutation Entropy (PE) as a robust method to assess the complexity in seismic recordings of the Strokkur geyser, Iceland. Strokkur features several minute‐long eruptive cycles, enabling us to verify in 63 recorded cycles whether PE behaves consistently from one eruption to the next one. We performed synthetic tests to understand the effect of different parameter settings in the PE calculation. Our application to Strokkur shows a distinct, repeating PE pattern consistent with previously identified phases in the eruptive cycle. We find a systematic increase in PE within the last 15 s before the eruption, indicating that an eruption will occur. We quantified the predictive power of PE, showing that PE performs better than seismic signal strength or quiescence when it comes to forecasting eruptions.
Modern Silicate Weathering Regimes Across China Revealed by Geochemical Records From Surface Soils
Authors: Guo Licheng , Wu Jiabin , Chen Yulu , Xiong Shangfa , Cui Jingyi , Ding Zhongli
Published: September 2022

Knowledge of modern kinetically limited (i.e., silicate weathering depends on temperature and precipitation) and supply‐limited (i.e., weathering is limited mainly by the supply of fresh material) weathering regimes is important for analyzing the weathering–CO2–climate system on geological timescales. However, on the global scale, there are large knowledge gaps in modern silicate weathering regimes and their possible shifts, due to the lack of spatial information on in situ weathering processes. Here, we present the first detailed compilation of the major element concentrations in bulk and fine fraction (<2 μm) samples of surface soils from across China, which we use to investigate modern silicate weathering regimes across China and possible shifts between regimes induced by tectonic uplift and climate changes. The results show that changes in climatic factors, especially precipitation, exert a first‐order control on spatial variations in silicate weathering intensity (expressed by the chemical index of alteration, CIA), with additional contributions from nonclimatic factors. Comparison of silicate weathering regimes with the CIA suggests that for bulk samples the supply‐limited weathering regime prevails in areas with CIA > 80, and the kinetically limited regime prevails in areas with CIA < 80. A significant inference from the results is that tectonic uplift and global warming could cause shifts between supply‐limited and kinetically limited weathering regimes in the active mountain belts and floodplains of southern China and in areas dominated by intermediate chemical weathering. However, no shifts would occur in some of the arid to extremely arid areas of northern China and in highland areas with extreme chemical weathering.
A Posteriori Learning for Quasi‐Geostrophic Turbulence Parametrization
Authors: Frezat Hugo , Le Sommer Julien , Fablet Ronan , Balarac Guillaume , Lguensat Redouane
Published: September 2022

The use of machine learning to build subgrid parametrizations for climate models is receiving growing attention. State‐of‐the‐art strategies address the problem as a supervised learning task and optimize algorithms that predict subgrid fluxes based on information from coarse resolution models. In practice, training data are generated from higher resolution numerical simulations transformed in order to mimic coarse resolution simulations. By essence, these strategies optimize subgrid parametrizations to meet so‐called a priori criteria. But the actual purpose of a subgrid parametrization is to obtain good performance in terms of a posteriori metrics which imply computing entire model trajectories. In this paper, we focus on the representation of energy backscatter in two‐dimensional quasi‐geostrophic turbulence and compare parametrizations obtained with different learning strategies at fixed computational complexity. We show that strategies based on a priori criteria yield parametrizations that tend to be unstable in direct simulations and describe how subgrid parametrizations can alternatively be trained end‐to‐end in order to meet a posteriori criteria. We illustrate that end‐to‐end learning strategies yield parametrizations that outperform known empirical and data‐driven schemes in terms of performance, stability, and ability to apply to different flow configurations. These results support the relevance of differentiable programming paradigms for climate models in the future.
Simulation and Observational Evaluation of Space Debris Detection by Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar
Authors: Wang Junyi , Yue Xinan , Ding Feng , Ning Baiqi , Jin Lin , Ke Changhai , Zhang Ning , Wang Yonghui , Yin Hanlin , Li Mingyuan , Cai Yihui
Published: September 2022

The Sanya incoherent scatter radar (SYISR) is a newly built active digital phased array, all solid‐state transmitting and digital receiving incoherent scatter radar in Sanya (18.3°N, 109.6°E). The radar frequency band is from 430 to 450 MHz. The Sanya site is a low latitude station in China dedicated for ionospheric investigation. Meanwhile, SYISR is also suitable for detecting a wide range of space debris because of its high power and flexible beam steering ability. In this paper, we first calculate the detectable lower limit size of space debris with respect to integration time and range based on SYISR parameters through theoretical simulation. Then, we selected several typical space debris, with a size near the theoretical detectable lower limit, to perform the experiment. We found that the estimated radar cross section versus range accorded well with the theoretical curve, which confirmed our simulation. Specifically, the detectable lower limit size of space debris is ∼8 cm in a range of 1,000 km given a threshold signal‐to‐noise ratio of 14 dB. This value decreases to ∼3 cm if a 200‐ms coherent integration is implemented. We further performed several experiments on objects with different inclinations using signals with 0.3 and 4 MHz under both static staring and tracking modes. In comparison with the two‐line element file predicted raw orbit, the tracking error of 0.3 and 4 MHz are 7 km and 400 m, respectively, without coherent integration in the processing. The study expands the function of the SYISR and should be beneficial to our ionospheric data inversion given the frequent occurrence of space debris around the SYISR.
Meteor Detection With a New Computer Vision Approach
Authors: Li Yanlin , Galindo Freddy , Urbina Julio , Zhou Qihou , Huang Tai‐Yin
Published: September 2022

A novel computer vision‐based meteor head echo detection algorithm is developed to study meteor fluxes and their physical properties, including initial range, range coverage, and radial velocity. The proposed Algorithm for Head Echo Automatic Detection (AHEAD) comprises a feature extraction function and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The former is tailored to identify meteor head echoes, and then a CNN is employed to remove false alarms. In the testing of meteor data collected with the Jicamarca 50 MHz incoherent scatter radar, the new algorithm detects over 180 meteors per minute at dawn, which is 2 to 10 times more sensitive than prior manual or algorithmic approaches, with a false alarm rate less than 1 percent. The present work lays the foundation of developing a fully automatic AI‐meteor package that detects, analyzes, and distinguishes among many types of meteor echoes. Furthermore, although initially evaluated for meteor data collected with the Jicamarca VHF incoherent radar, the new algorithm is generic enough that can be applied to other facilities with minor modifications. The CNN removes up to 98 percent of false alarms according to the testing set. We also present and discuss the physical characteristics of meteors detected with AHEAD, including flux rate, initial range, line of sight velocity, Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio, and noise characteristics. Our results indicate that stronger meteor echoes are detected at a slightly lower altitude and lower radial velocity than other meteors.
Reply to Comment on “On the Estimation of Potential Evaporation Under Wet and Dry Conditions” by Jozsef Szilagyi
Authors: Yang Yuting , Tu Zhuoyi , Roderick Michael
Published: September 2022

We appreciate Dr. Szilagyi's interest in our work of recovering surface temperature and evaporation to a “hypothetical” saturated condition. Dr. Szilagyi criticized our approach by arguing that the recovered surface temperature is unphysically low. Here we reply to Dr. Szilagyi's concern by showing that our recovered surface temperature is not unphysically low and is physically attainable. In addition, our approach strictly follows the definition of potential evaporation by Wilfried Brutsaert (2015).
A novel stress-based intervention reduces cigarette use in non-treatment seeking smokers
Authors: Barnabe Alexandra , Gamache Karine , de Camargo João Vitor Paes , Allen-Flanagan Erin , Rioux Mathilde , Pruessner Jens , Leyton Marco , Nader Karim
Published: September 2022

Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable mortality worldwide. Since current smoking cessation aids show only modest efficacy, new interventions are needed. Given the evidence that stress is a potent trigger for smoking, the present randomized clinical trial tested whether stress could augment the effects of a memory updating (retrieval-extinction) intervention. Non-treatment seeking smokers (n = 76) were assigned to one of four conditions composed of either a stressful or non-stressful psychosocial challenge followed by either smoking or neutral cues. Ten minutes after this manipulation, all underwent a 60-minute extinction procedure during which they viewed smoking-related videos and images and manipulated smoking paraphernalia. Compared to participants who were not exposed to the laboratory stressor, the stressor-exposed groups exhibited greater psychophysiological responses during their intervention and greater decreases in cigarette use at two- and six-weeks follow-up independent of smoking cue exposure. Together, these findings suggest that the ability of stress to activate cigarette seeking processes can be exploited to decrease cigarette use. With replication, the stress-based intervention could become a novel strategy for decreasing cigarette use in non-treatment seeking smokers.

Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04843969.
Longitudinal liquid biopsy anticipates hyperprogression and early death in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Zulato Elisabetta , Del Bianco Paola , Nardo Giorgia , Attili Ilaria , Pavan Alberto , Boscolo Bragadin Andrea , Marra Ludovica , Pasello Giulia , Fassan Matteo , Calabrese Fiorella , Guarneri Valentina , Conte Pier Franco , Indraccolo Stefano , Bonanno Laura
Published: September 2022

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC), but a proportion of patients had no clinical benefit and even experienced detrimental effects. This study aims to characterise patients experiencing hyperprogression (HPD) and early death (ED) by longitudinal liquid biopsy.

Methods

aNSCLC receiving ICIs were prospectively enrolled. Plasma was collected at baseline (T1) and after 3/4 weeks of treatment, according to the treatment schedule (T2). Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was quantified and analysed by NGS. cfDNA quantification and variant allele fraction (VAF) of tumour-associated genetic alterations were evaluated for their potential impact on outcome. The genetic alteration with the highest VAF (maxVAF) at baseline was considered as a reference.

Results

From March 2017 to August 2019, 171 patients were enrolled. Five cases matched criteria for HPD and 31 ED were recorded; one overlapped. Quantification of cfDNA at T2 and its absolute and relative variation (T2–T1) were significantly associated with the risk of ED (P = 0.012, P = 0.005, P = 0.009). MaxVAF relative change (T2–T1/T1) was significantly associated with the risk of HPD (P = 0.02). After identifying optimal cut-off values, a two-step risk assessment model was proposed.

Discussion

Liquid biopsy performed early during treatment has the potential to identify patients at high risk of ED and HPD.
Exploiting dietary fibre and the gut microbiota in pelvic radiotherapy patients
Authors: Eaton Selina E. , Kaczmarek Justyna , Mahmood Daanish , McDiarmid Anna M. , Norarfan Alya N. , Scott Erin G. , Then Chee Kin , Tsui Hailey Y. , Kiltie Anne E.
Published: September 2022

With an ageing population, there is an urgent need to find alternatives to current standard-of-care chemoradiation schedules in the treatment of pelvic malignancies. The gut microbiota may be exploitable, having shown a valuable role in improving patient outcomes in anticancer immunotherapy. These bacteria feed on dietary fibres, which reach the large intestine intact, resulting in the production of beneficial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids. The gut microbiota can impact radiotherapy (RT) treatment responses and itself be altered by the radiation. Evidence is emerging that manipulation of the gut microbiota by dietary fibre supplementation can improve tumour responses and reduce normal tissue side effects following RT, although data on tumour response are limited to date. Both may be mediated by immune and non-immune effects of gut microbiota and their metabolites. Alternative approaches include use of probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Current evidence will be reviewed regarding the use of dietary fibre interventions and gut microbiota modification in improving outcomes for pelvic RT patients. However, data regarding baseline (pre-RT) gut microbiota of RT patients and timing of dietary fibre manipulation (before or during RT) is limited, heterogenous and inconclusive, thus more robust clinical studies are required before these strategies can be applied clinically.