bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping of flumioxazin tolerance in a snap bean diversity panel leads to the discovery of a master genomic region controlling multiple stress resistance genes
Authors: Saballos Ana I. , Brooks Matthew D. , Tranel Patrick J. , Williams Martin M.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Effective weed management tools are crucial for maintaining the profitable production of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Preemergence herbicides help the crop to gain a size advantage over the weeds, but the few preemergence herbicides registered in snap bean have poor waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) control, a major pest in snap bean production. Waterhemp and other difficult-to-control weeds can be managed by flumioxazin, an herbicide that inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO). However, there is limited knowledge about crop tolerance to this herbicide. We aimed to quantify the degree of snap bean tolerance to flumioxazin and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

We investigated the genetic basis of herbicide tolerance using genome-wide association mapping approach utilizing field-collected data from a snap bean diversity panel, combined with gene expression data of cultivars with contrasting response. The response to a preemergence application of flumioxazin was measured by assessing plant population density and shoot biomass variables.

Results

Snap bean tolerance to flumioxazin is associated with a single genomic location in chromosome 02. Tolerance is influenced by several factors, including those that are indirectly affected by seed size/weight and those that directly impact the herbicide's metabolism and protect the cell from reactive oxygen species-induced damage. Transcriptional profiling and co-expression network analysis identified biological pathways likely involved in flumioxazin tolerance, including oxidoreductase processes and programmed cell death. Transcriptional regulation of genes involved in those processes is possibly orchestrated by a transcription factor located in the region identified in the GWAS analysis. Several entries belonging to the Romano class, including Bush Romano 350, Roma II, and Romano Purpiat presented high levels of tolerance in this study. The alleles identified in the diversity panel that condition snap bean tolerance to flumioxazin shed light on a novel mechanism of herbicide tolerance and can be used in crop improvement.
STAT: schema therapy for addiction treatment, a proposal for the integrative treatment of addictive disorders
Authors: Lacy Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

The nature and origins of addictions and of their adjunctive behaviors, as well as their chronicity, call for treatments that conceptualize and treat them as the long-term and complex processes that they are. Addictions are often comorbid with personality problems and with trauma histories. Patients suffering from these disorders often show poor engagement with treatment and high rates of relapse, possibly because available treatments have yet to address the patient suffering from addiction in a more integrated or holistic manner. In particular, comprehensive treatment models for addictive disorders – like treatments for personality disorders or trauma – are likely to require the integration of behavioral, cognitive, and emotion-focused interventions within a facilitative therapeutic relationship. However, most current treatment models, including ones which are highly effective in stabilization or behavioral change, lack one or more components of treatment that could sustain longer term recovery, wellness, and health for a higher percentage of patients. In this article, I propose approaching addictions and their treatment from the perspective of schema therapy, an integrative, developmental model with a strong track record of positive outcomes in addressing personality disorder symptoms and long-standing trauma histories, commonly comorbid with addictive disorders. In advancing this proposal, I begin by providing some background tying together addictions, attachment, and personality, suggesting they be treated simultaneously to achieve improved outcomes. Then, after briefly reviewing the leading approaches to the treatment of addictions, I introduce the idea that schema therapy is well-situated – both theoretically and practically – to address many of the shortcomings of existing treatment options. In particular, I note how addictive and co-occurring colluding behaviors are deeply intertwined with both early and continued frustration of core developmental needs. I illustrate how the addictive cycle is perpetuated through the process of schema reinforcement and through the operation of schema modes. I then demonstrate how these key terms (i.e., needs, schemas, and modes) inform the patient’s assessment and case formulation, guiding treatment interventions from a strong therapeutic relationship that focuses on integrating recovery behavior change, healing dysfunctional schemas and modes, and preventing relapse.
Quality of work life and associated factors among health professionals working at private and government health institutions in Awi zone, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia, 2022: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Ayalew Agumas Fentahun , Ma Wei , Tamir Workineh , Mitiku Kefale
Published: July 2024

Background

Quality of work-life issues significantly impact the economic, physical, and psychological well-being of health professionals and their families. Enhancing QWL aims to foster a conducive environment and improve work performance. This study evaluated the quality of work life of health professionals in government and private health institutions in the Awi zone, Ethiopia.

Methods

A comparative cross-sectional approach was employed, with study participants selected via the lottery method in 2022. Socio-demographic and organizational-related data were collected, coded, cleaned, and entered into Epi-Data version 3.1, then analyzed using SPSS version 27. Candidate variables were selected using bivariable logistic regression (p < 0.20). We used multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with quality of work life, presenting AOR with a 95% CI at a 5% significance level.

Results

The study included 385 private health professionals and 395 government health professionals, with response rates of 90.38 and 92.72%, respectively. Overall quality of work-life satisfaction was 53.08% (95% CI: 49.2–57.0), with private health institution workers reporting satisfaction at 42.3% (95% CI: 37.4–47.30) and government health professionals at 63.54% (95% CI: 58.78–68.31). The difference between the two groups was 21.2% (95% CI: 14.3, 27.9). Factors significantly associated with quality of work life included type of health institutions (AOR = 2.272; 1.684, 3.065), family size (AOR = 1.536; 1.122, 2.103), personnel protective equipment (AOR = 1.369; 1.006, 1.863), eye protection (AOR = 2.090; 1.514, 2.885), engineering control (AOR = 1.563; 1.140, 2.143), and accessibility of alcohol (AOR = 1.714; 1.219, 2.410).

Conclusion

Health professionals in private health institutions exhibited lower quality of work-life satisfaction than government health institutions. Quality of work life was significantly associated with the type of health institutions, family size, availability of personal protective equipment, eye protection, engineering control, and accessibility of alcohol. Regular monitoring and evaluation of the quality of work life, ensuring the availability of appropriate personal protective equipment, and providing sufficient materials and equipment for both groups were recommended based on the findings.
Evaluation of three different bottom boards in honeybee hives for the control of Varroa destructor
Authors: Juri Pablo , Nogueira Enrique , Anzola José , Rodríguez-Batista Valentina , Branchiccela Belén , Invernizzi Ciro
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Varroa destructor stands as the primary global pest of honey bees, inflicting direct harm on bees while also acting as a vector for a multitude of viruses. Integrated pest management is widely recognized as the optimal strategy for minimizing acaricide application. Designed bottom boards that can limit the growth of the mite population by removing them from the hive and preventing their return and reinfestation of the colony show promising potential.

Methods

The aim of this study was to compare Varroa population growth by employing three different types of bottom boards. An apiary of 55 colonies was randomly divided into five groups according to the bottom board they had: 1) tubular bottom board, 2) screen bottom board, 3) sticky bottom board, 4) conventional bottom board with a permanent treatment with acaricide (positive control), and 5) conventional bottom board (negative control). Varroa infestation level in bees, colony strength (bee and brood population), and honey reserves were determined between April and December (between autumn and spring in the southern hemisphere).

Results

Colonies that had sticky bottom boards had approximately 50% less Varroa infestation than colonies with conventional bottom boards at the end of the study. Varroa infestation levels did not differ significantly between the tubular, screen, and conventional bottom boards. Colony strength was similar in all groups. No differences were observed in honey production between colonies from different groups.

Discussion

The use of sticky bottom boards was the most promising board to limit Varroa population growth and prevent colonies' reinfestation. This result encourages future studies to analyze the incorporation of this strategy in integrated pest management programs.
Biochemical profile differences during the transition period based on different levels of non-esterified fatty acids at 7 weeks before parturition in Mediterranean Italian dairy buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Lisuzzo Anastasia , Mazzotta Elisa , Cappelli Giovanna , Martucciello Alessandra , Monteiro Bruno Moura , Sales José Nélio Sousa , Di Vuolo Gabriele , De Donato Immacolata , Schiavo Lorena , De Carlo Esterina , Rossi Pasquale , Contiero Barbara , Fiore Enrico , Vecchio Domenico
Published: July 2024

Metabolic adaptations to negative energy balance, as well as lipomobilization, influence inflammatory responses, immune function, and oxidative stress in animals. This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical profile of Mediterranean buffaloes with different levels of lipomobilization from the prepartum to the postpartum period. A total of 76 Mediterranean buffaloes were enrolled, and a weekly blood sample was taken from 7 weeks before to 6 weeks after calving. The concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) was determined in serum and was used to categorize buffaloes into three lipomobilization groups 7 weeks before calving: mild (NEFA-I; NEFA ≤ 0.29 mEq/L; n = 18), medium (NEFA-II; 0.29 < NEFA < 0.57 mEq/L; n = 20), and severe (NEFA-III; NEFA ≥ 0.57 mEq/L; n = 38). Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess changes within and between the groups and over time. Significant differences were found in the concentration levels of NEFA, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, protein profile, oxygen radicals, antioxidants, lysozyme, complement, and minerals. These results suggest that both medium and severe lipomobilization groups are associated with metabolic alterations. In conclusion, buffaloes with higher NEFA levels (>0.29 mEq/L; NEFA-II and NEFA-III) at 7 weeks before calving should be monitored more closely to reduce the risk of metabolic diseases. Furthermore, the medium (NEFA-II) and severe (NEFA-III) lipomobilization groups could be associated with differences in the animals’ ability to manage their metabolic status. Specifically, the severe mobilization group was most associated with a greater energy deficit during both the prepartum and postpartum periods without oxidative stress. On the contrary, the medium mobilization group was associated with a less severe energy deficit but was also associated with an inflammatory status and oxidative stress during the prepartum period. These distinctions highlight the need for tailored management strategies to address varying levels of metabolic stress in dairy buffaloes.
Chlorophyllin Supplementation of Medicated or Unmedicated Swine Diets Impact on Fecal Escherichia coli and Enterococci
Authors: Feye Kristina M. , Rasmussen Mark A. , Yeater Kathleen M. , Anderson Robin C. , Crippen Tawni L. , Harvey Roger B. , Poole Toni L. , Ricke Steven C.
Published: July 2024

Considering that certain catabolic products of anaerobic chlorophyll degradation inhibit efflux pump activity, this study was conducted to test if feeding pigs a water-soluble chlorophyllin product could affect the antibiotic resistance profiles of select wild-type populations of fecal bacteria. Trial 1 evaluated the effects of chlorophyllin supplementation (300 mg/meal) on fecal E. coli and enterococcal populations in pigs fed twice daily diets supplemented without or with ASP 250 (containing chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine and penicillin at 100, 100 and 50 g/ton, respectively). Trial 2, conducted similarly, evaluated chlorophyllin supplementation in pigs fed diets supplemented with or without 100 g tylosin/ton. Each trial lasted 12 days, and fecal samples were collected and selectively cultured at 4-day intervals to enumerate the total numbers of E. coli and enterococci as well as populations of these bacteria phenotypically capable of growing in the presence of the fed antibiotics. Performance results from both studies revealed no adverse effect (p > 0.05) of chlorophyllin, antibiotic or their combined supplementation on average daily feed intake or average daily gain, although the daily fed intake tended to be lower (p = 0.053) for pigs fed diets supplemented with tylosin than those fed diets without tylosin. The results from trial 1 showed that the ASP 250-medicated diets, whether without or with chlorophyllin supplementation, supported higher (p < 0.05) fecal E. coli populations than the non-medicated diets. Enterococcal populations, however, were lower, albeit marginally and not necessarily significantly, in feces from pigs fed the ASP 250-medicated diet than those fed the non-medicated diet. Results from trial 2 likewise revealed an increase (p < 0.05) in E. coli and, to a lesser extent, enterococcal populations in feces collected from pigs fed the tylosin-medicated diet compared with those fed the non-medicated diet. Evidence indicated that the E. coli and enterococcal populations in trial 1 were generally insensitive to penicillin or chlortetracycline, as there were no differences between populations recovered without or with antibiotic selection. Conversely, a treatment x day of treatment interaction observed in trial 2 (p < 0.05) provided evidence, albeit slight, of an enrichment of tylosin-insensitive enterococci in feces from the pigs fed the tylosin-medicated but not the non-medicated diet. Under the conditions of the present study, it is unlikely that chlorophyllin-derived efflux pump inhibitors potentially present in the chlorophyllin-fed pigs were able to enhance the efficacy of the available antibiotics. However, further research specifically designed to optimize chlorophyll administration could potentially lead to practical applications for the swine industry.
Unravelling the Effectiveness of Anthelmintic Treatments on Equine Strongyles on Irish Farms
Authors: Elghryani Nagwa , Lawlor Amanda , McOwan Trish , de Waal Theo
Published: July 2024

Over the preceding decades, the widespread dependence on anthelmintic drugs for managing nematodes in grazing equids has given rise to resistance against commonly used anthelmintics in various countries. This study explores the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance across 44 horse farms in Ireland. Anthelmintic efficacy was evaluated through fecal egg count reduction (FECR) tests employing the mini-FLOTAC technique. Resistance to benzimidazoles was identified in 12 out of 14 farms (FECR range: 0.00% to 86.2%). Ivermectin resistance was observed on two farms, one with an FECR of 80.70% and another with an FECR of 96.10% (lower 95% high probability density interval (HPD) <90%, 11.70%). On the remaining six farms, the reduction with ivermectin still exceeded 95%. The reduced efficacy of moxidectin was noted on two farms (FECR = 86.90% and 93.50%) and on a third farm with an FECR of 99.50 and a lower HPD interval < 90% at 24.00%. In summary, these findings emphasize the urgent need for alternative strategies in equine strongyle control that reduce reliance on anthelmintics and prioritize effective management practices on Irish equine farms to hinder the impending development of drug-resistant parasite populations.
Cory’s Shearwater (Calonectris borealis): Exploring Normal Head Anatomy through Cross-Sectional Anatomy, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Morales-Espino Alejandro , Déniz Soraya , Paz-Oliva Pablo , Roldán-Medina Natalia , Encinoso Mario , Suárez-Cabrera Francisco , Jaber Jose Raduan
Published: July 2024

Cory’s shearwater, or Calonectris borealis, stands out as a symbolic figure in the world of seabirds, playing a crucial role in marine ecosystems globally. Belonging to the Procellariidae family, it is singularized by its imposing wingspan and intricate migration patterns connecting it to various regions from the North Atlantic to the Pacific. Its role in the marine food chain, specialized diet and adaptation for nesting in the Canary Archipelago underscore its ecological importance. However, Cory’s shearwater also faces important threats, such as the invasion of foreign species, highlighting the need for its conservation. Among the conservation issues, studies on its biology, the main threats it faces and its normal anatomy are essential to preserve marine biodiversity. Additionally, a variety of imaging techniques, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance, facilitates the understanding of the bird’s neuroanatomy and opens future research possibilities in comparative neuroscience. Moreover, this approach proves particularly relevant given the increasing attention these seabirds receive in environments such as zoos, rehabilitation centers and their natural habitat, where veterinarians play a crucial role in their care and well-being.
Exploring the Effect of Gastrointestinal Prevotella on Growth Performance Traits in Livestock Animals
Authors: Kou Xiyan , Ma Qingshan , Liu Yihong , Khan Muhammad Zahoor , Wu Boxian , Chen Wenting , Liu Xiaotong , Wang Changfa , Li Yan
Published: July 2024

Microorganisms in the rumen play a crucial role in determining the most efficient utilization rate of nutrients. Among these microorganisms, Prevotella stands out as one of the most representative bacteria within the rumen biological system. Prevotella is a common strict anaerobic bacterium that is found in the gastrointestinal tract of livestock. Prevotella plays a crucial role in breaking down and metabolizing complex nutrients like cellulose and protein during food digestion. Moreover, it is capable of working together with other bacteria in the body’s digestive system. Several studies have shown a strong correlation between the abundance of Prevotella and livestock growth performance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current research on the function, mechanisms, and applications of Prevotella in the gastrointestinal tract. The insights provided in this review could serve as a theoretical basis for accurately classifying Prevotella, further investigating its effects and potential mechanisms on livestock growth performance, and exploring its practical applications.
Numerical Analysis of Structural Vibrations in Masts—A Practical Study Applied to a 28-Meter Tugboat
Authors: Silva-Campillo Arturo , Pérez-Arribas Francisco
Published: July 2024

This article investigates the vibration analysis of the mast on the bridge top of a 28 m tugboat, in the quasi-static regime. The study aims to determine the natural frequencies using an equivalent dynamic model of the mast and considers the accelerations of different degrees of freedom of the vessel. Practical design and reinforcement strategies for the local bridge top structure are proposed, utilizing numerical and analytical tools. The investigation explores various alternatives to optimize the structural arrangement. By analyzing the modal behavior, insights are provided for efficient design and reinforcement. The results contribute to understanding the mast’s vibration characteristics, offering guidance for similar structures. This study employs numerical and analytical methods, enhancing the optimization of the mast’s behavior. It determines natural frequencies, proposes practical design strategies, and explores alternatives for structural optimization. The findings provide insights for shipbuilding and mast design applications in other vessels and industries such as radar mast, compass deck, and guyed mast.
Rebound Tremor Frequency as a Potential Diagnostic Marker for Delayed Therapy Escape after Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Essential Tremor—Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Frommer Marvin L. , Walz Isabelle D. , Aiple Franz , Schröter Nils , Maurer Christoph , Rijntjes Michel , Prokop Thomas , Reinacher Peter C. , Coenen Volker A. , Sajonz Bastian E. A.
Published: July 2024

Delayed therapy escape (DTE) is frequent after thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor, leading to reduced quality of life, often with ataxic symptoms, and early recognition is challenging. Our goal was to examine whether a low-frequency rebound tremor of the left hand after switching off stimulation is useful as a diagnostic marker for DTE. In this cross-sectional study with additional retrospective analysis, we examined 31 patients with bilateral thalamic DBS ≥ 12 months for essential tremor, using quantitative assessments including video-based motion capture, Fahn–Tolosa–Marin Tremor Rating Scale (FTMTRS), and scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA). If available, preoperative (preOP) and 12-month postoperative assessments were included in the analysis. Evaluations occurred with DBS activated (ON) and deactivated (OFF). A higher ratio FTMTRS nowON/preOP indicated DTE. Preoperative FTMTRS scores were available for 16 patients, including 5 patients with DTE. The receiver operating characteristic analysis found an area under the curve of 0.86 (p = 0.024) for identification of DTE by low-frequency rebound tremor (i.e., OFF) on the left. In conclusion, it could serve as a potential diagnostic marker.
The Role of Ion Channels and Intracellular Signaling Cascades in the Inhibitory Action of WIN 55,212-2 upon Hyperexcitation
Authors: Maiorov Sergei A. , Laryushkin Denis P. , Kritskaya Kristina A. , Zinchenko Valery P. , Gaidin Sergei G. , Kosenkov Artem M.
Published: July 2024

Gi-coupled receptors, particularly cannabinoid receptors (CBRs), are considered perspective targets for treating brain pathologies, including epilepsy. However, the precise mechanism of the anticonvulsant effect of the CBR agonists remains unknown. We have found that WIN 55,212-2 (a CBR agonist) suppresses the synchronous oscillations of the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ ions (epileptiform activity) induced in the neurons of rat hippocampal neuron-glial cultures by bicuculline or NH4Cl. As we have demonstrated, the WIN 55,212-2 effect is mediated by CB1R receptors. The agonist suppresses Ca2+ inflow mediated by the voltage-gated calcium channels but does not alter the inflow mediated by NMDA, AMPA, and kainate receptors. We have also found that phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase C (PKC), and G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channels (GIRK channels) are involved in the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory action of CB1R activation against epileptiform activity. Thus, our results demonstrate that the antiepileptic action of CB1R agonists is mediated by different intracellular signaling cascades, including non-canonical PLC/PKC-associated pathways.
Evaluating the Effectiveness, Tolerability, and Safety of Eptinezumab in High-Frequency and Chronic Migraine in Real World: EMBRACE—The First Italian Multicenter, Prospective, Real-Life Study
Authors: Barbanti Piero , Orlando Bianca , Egeo Gabriella , d’Onofrio Florindo , Doretti Alberto , Messina Stefano , Autunno Massimo , Messina Roberta , Filippi Massimo , Fiorentini Giulia , Rotondi Cristina , Bonassi Stefano , Aurilia Cinzia
Published: July 2024

We conducted a multicenter, prospective study (EMBRACE) evaluating the real-life effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of eptinezumab (100 mg/300 mg)—a monoclonal antibody targeting the calcitonin-gene-related peptide (anti-CGRP mAb)—in high-frequency episodic migraine (HFEM) or chronic migraine (CM). The primary endpoint was the change in monthly migraine days (MMD) for HFEM or monthly headache days (MHD) for CM at weeks 9–12 compared to baseline. The secondary endpoints included changes in monthly analgesic intake (MAI), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS), Migraine Interictal Burden Scale (MIBS-4), and responder rates. The safety analysis involved 44 subjects; the effectiveness analysis included 26 individuals. Eptinezumab was well-tolerated. In CM patients, eptinezumab significantly reduced MHD (−16.1 ± 9.9, p < 0.001), MAI, NRS, HIT-6, MIDAS, and MIBS-4. In HFEM patients, it significantly reduced NRS, HIT-6, MIDAS, and MIBS-4, though reductions in MMD (−3.3 ± 4.5) and MAI were not statistically significant. Overall, ≥50% and ≥75% response rates were 61.5% and 30.8%, respectively (60% and 30% in non-responders to subcutaneous anti-CGRP mAbs). The clinical change was rated as much or very much improved by 61.0% of the patients. Eptinezumab demonstrated high effectiveness, safety, and tolerability in real-life among hard-to-treat migraine patients with multiple treatment failures, including anti-CGRP mAbs.
Reply to Bourgeois, P. Comment on “Devoogdt et al. The Effectiveness of Fluoroscopy-Guided Manual Lymph Drainage as Part of Decongestive Lymphatic Therapy on the Superficial Lymphatic Architecture in Patients with Breast Cancer-Related Lymphoedema: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Cancers 2023, 15, 1545”
Authors: Tjalma Wiebren A. A. , Belgrado Jean-Paul , Thomis Sarah , Nevelsteen Ines , Gebruers Nick , Monten Chris , Hanssens Marianne , De Vrieze Tessa , Devoogdt Nele
Published: July 2024

We appreciate the commentary by Pierre Bourgeois [...]
Clinical Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Epithelial Appendiceal Neoplasms with Peritoneal Metastases
Authors: Frühling Petter , Moberg Louice , Ghanipour Lana , Birgisson Helgi , Graf Wilhelm , Ericsson Christer , Cashin Peter H.
Published: July 2024

Appendiceal tumors are uncommon and, at times, discovered incidentally during histological examination. The histopathological classification of the disease is complex and has generated some controversy. The analysis of circulating tumor cells can be used for the early detection of metastatic potential. The aim of the present study was to examine the prognostic value of circulating tumor cells in patients with appendiceal tumors and peritoneal metastases. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine CTCs in appendiceal tumors. We performed a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy between 2015 and 2019 at a HIPEC referral center. In total, 31 patients were included in the analysis, and circulating tumor cells were detected in 15 patients (48%). CTC positivity was not associated with overall or recurrence-free survival, nor was it correlated with PCI score or histopathological grading. Surprisingly, however, CTCs were found in almost half the patients. The presence or quantities of these cells did not, on their own, predict systemic metastatic potential during the observed time, and they did not appear to significantly correlate with the oncological outcomes recorded.
Polyamine Catabolism Revisited: Acetylpolyamine Oxidase Plays a Minor Role due to Low Expression
Authors: Ivanova Olga N. , Gavlina Anna V. , Karpenko Inna L. , Zenov Martin A. , Antseva Svetlana S. , Zakirova Natalia F. , Valuev-Elliston Vladimir T. , Krasnov George S. , Fedyakina Irina T. , Vorobyev Pavel O. , Bartosch Birke , Kochetkov Sergey N. , Lipatova Anastasiya V. , Yanvarev Dmitry V. , Ivanov Alexander V.
Published: July 2024

Biogenic polyamines are ubiquitous compounds. Dysregulation of their metabolism is associated with the development of various pathologies, including cancer, hyperproliferative diseases, and infections. The canonical pathway of polyamine catabolism includes acetylation of spermine and spermidine and subsequent acetylpolyamine oxidase (PAOX)-mediated oxidation of acetylpolyamines (back-conversion) or their direct efflux from the cell. PAOX is considered to catalyze a non-rate-limiting catabolic step. Here, we show that PAOX transcription levels are extremely low in various tumor- and non-tumor cell lines and, in most cases, do not change in response to altered polyamine metabolism. Its enzymatic activity is undetectable in the majority of cell lines except for neuroblastoma and low passage glioblastoma cell lines. Treatment of A549 cells with N1,N11-diethylnorspermine leads to PAOX induction, but its contribution to polyamine catabolism remains moderate. We also describe two alternative enzyme isoforms and show that isoform 4 has diminished oxidase activity and isoform 2 is inactive. PAOX overexpression correlates with the resistance of cancer cells to genotoxic antitumor drugs, indicating that PAOX may be a useful therapeutic target. Finally, PAOX is dispensable for the replication of various viruses. These data suggest that a decrease in polyamine levels is achieved predominantly by the secretion of acetylated spermine and spermidine rather than by back-conversion.
Thermal Expansion of Alkaline-Earth Borates
Authors: Bubnova Rimma , Yukhno Valentina , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria , Sizov Georgii , Filatov Stanislav
Published: July 2024

The thermal expansion of four alkaline-earth borates, namely Ca3B2O6 (0D), CaB2O4 (1D), Sr3B14O24 (2D) and CaB4O7 (3D), has been studied by in situ high-temperature powder X-ray diffraction (HTXRD). Strong anisotropy of thermal expansion is observed for the structures of Ca3B2O6 (0D) and CaB2O4 (1D) built up from BO3 triangles only; these borates exhibit maximal expansion perpendicular to the BO3 plane, i.e., along the direction of weaker bonding in the crystal structure. Layered Sr3B14O24 (2D) and framework CaB4O7 (3D) built up from various B–O groups expand less anisotropically. The thermal properties of the studied compounds compared to the other alkaline-earth borates are summarized depending on the selected structural characteristics like anion dimensionality, residual charge per one polyhedron (BO3 BO4), cationic size and charge, and structural complexity. For the first time, these dependencies are established as an average for both types of polyhedra (triangle and tetrahedron) occurring in the same structure at the same time. The most common trends identified from these studies are as follows: (i) melting temperature decreases with the dimensionality of the borate polyanion, and more precisely, as the residual charge per one polyhedron (triangle or tetrahedron) decreases; (ii) volumetric expansion decreases while the degree of anisotropy increases weakly when the residual charge decreases; (iii) both trends (i) and (ii) are most steady within borates built by triangles only, while borates built by both triangles and tetrahedra show more scattered values.
Impact of Temperature on Seebeck Coefficient of Nodal Line Semimetal in Molecular Conductor
Authors: Suzumura Yoshikazu
Published: July 2024

We examine the impact of temperature (T) on the Seebeck coefficient S, i.e., the T dependence of S for a single-component molecular conductor [Pd(dddt)2] (dddt = 5,6-dihydro-1,4-dithiin-2,3-dithiolate) with a half-filled band, where the coefficient is obtained from a ratio of the thermal conductivity to the electrical conductivity. The present paper demonstrates theoretically the novel result of large anisotropy in the Seebeck coefficient components of three-dimensional Dirac electrons in a molecular conductor. The conductor exhibits a nodal line with the energy variation around the chemical potential and provides the density of states (DOS) with a minimum. Using a threedimensional tight-binding (TB) model in the presence of both impurity and electron–phonon (e–p) scatterings, we study the Seebeck coefficient Sy for the molecular stacking and the most conducting direction. The impact of T on Sy exhibits a sign change, where Sy > 0 with a maximum at high temperatures and Sy < 0 with a minimum at low temperatures. The T dependence of Sy suggests that the contribution from the conduction (valence) band is dominant at low (high) temperatures. Further, it is shown that the the Seebeck coefficient components for perpendicular directions Sx and Sz are much smaller than Sy and present no sign change, in contrast to Sy. These results are analyzed in terms of the spectral conductivity as a function of the energy ϵ close to the chemical potential μ.
The Microstructure Characterization of a Titanium Alloy Based on a Laser Ultrasonic Random Forest Regression
Authors: Wu Jinfeng , Yuan Shuxian , Wang Xiaogang , Chen Huaidong , Huang Fei , Yu Chang , He Yeqing , Yin Anmin
Published: July 2024

The traditional microstructure detecting methods such as metallography and electron backscatter diffraction are destructive to the sample and time-consuming and they cannot meet the needs of rapid online inspection. In this paper, a random forest regression microstructure characterization method based on a laser ultrasound technique is investigated for evaluating the microstructure of a titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). Based on the high correlation between the longitudinal wave velocity of ultrasonic waves, the average grain size of the primary α phase, and the volume fraction of the transformed β matrix of the titanium alloy, and with the longitudinal wave velocity as the input feature and the average grain size of the primary α phase and the volume fraction of the transformed β matrix as the output features, prediction models for the average grain size of the primary α phase and the volume fraction of the transformed β matrix were developed based on a random forest regression. The results show that the mean values of the mean relative errors of the predicted mean grain size of the native α phase and the volume fraction of the transformed β matrix for the six samples in the two prediction models were 11.55% and 10.19%, respectively, and the RMSE and MAE obtained from both prediction models were relatively small, which indicates that the two established random forest regression models have a high prediction accuracy.
Distribution Profile of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Some Rivers of Yaoundé City and Its Surroundings Using Self Organizing Map and Indicator value methods
Authors: Temgoua Zemo Marie Anita , Foto Menbohan Samuel , Atchrimi Bernard Tossou , Assou Delagnon , Biram à Ngon Belmond Eric , Betsi Noel Christiane Wilfreid , Gwos Nhiomock Serge , Harissou  , Lactio Nathaniel Larry , Far Ndourwe Bolivar , Nwaha Mathias , Mbia Donald l’or Nyame , Tchouapi Laure Yvonne , Tchouta Ghislain Ulric , Mboye Blaise Rollinat , Dzavi Jean
Published: July 2024

Urban sprawl leads to the degradation of aquatic environments and, consequently, to the destruction of biodiversity. With the aim of highlighting the distribution profile of benthic macroinvertebrates in the city of Yaoundé and its surroundings according to the level of degradation, this study was carried out in seven rivers. A total of 144 taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates, belonging to 74 families, 15 orders, five classes, and three phyla, were collected from seven rivers in urban, peri-urban, and forest environments on Yaoundé and its surroundings. The self-organizing map (SOM) analysis tool was used to group the collected taxa from all stations into three clusters or affinity cores. The indicator value analysis (IndVal) method was employed to determine, based on their ecological preferences, which organisms were most likely to belong to each group. Out of the 144 collected taxa, only 44 were indicated to represent the three different groups. Thus, three communities were defined: the Hydropsyche community, with Hydropsyche sp. as the predominant taxon in Group III, characterizing well-oxygenated and low-mineralized stations; the Hydrocyrius community, where the species Hydrocyrius sp. predominates in Group I, describing stations with low oxygenation and moderate mineralization; and the Lumbriculidae community, where Lumbriculidae is the taxon associated with environments with high mineralization and critical oxygenation. These two methods contribute to the biomonitoring of tropical aquatic environments, firstly by grouping organisms by affinity and then identifying those that reflect the environment conditions. This facilitates the detection of changes in the quality of hydrosystems and guides management and conservation efforts.
Episodic Visual Hallucinations, Inference and Free Energy
Authors: Collerton Daniel , Tsuda Ichiro , Nara Shigetoshi
Published: July 2024

Understandings of how visual hallucinations appear have been highly influenced by generative approaches, in particular Friston’s Active Inference conceptualization. Their core proposition is that these phenomena occur when hallucinatory expectations outweigh actual sensory data. This imbalance occurs as the brain seeks to minimize informational free energy, a measure of the distance between predicted and actual sensory data in a stationary open system. We review this approach in the light of old and new information on the role of environmental factors in episodic hallucinations. In particular, we highlight the possible relationship of specific visual triggers to the onset and offset of some episodes. We use an analogy from phase transitions in physics to explore factors which might account for intermittent shifts between veridical and hallucinatory vision. In these triggered forms of hallucinations, we suggest that there is a transient disturbance in the normal one-to-one correspondence between a real object and the counterpart perception such that this correspondence becomes between the real object and a hallucination. Generative models propose that a lack of information transfer from the environment to the brain is one of the key features of hallucinations. In contrast, we submit that specific information transfer is required at onset and offset in these cases. We propose that this transient one-to-one correspondence between environment and hallucination is mediated more by aberrant discriminative than by generative inference. Discriminative inference can be conceptualized as a process for maximizing shared information between the environment and perception within a self-organizing nonstationary system. We suggest that generative inference plays the greater role in established hallucinations and in the persistence of individual hallucinatory episodes. We further explore whether thermodynamic free energy may be an additional factor in why hallucinations are temporary. Future empirical research could productively concentrate on three areas. Firstly, subjective perceptual changes and parallel variations in brain function during specific transitions between veridical and hallucinatory vision to inform models of how episodes occur. Secondly, systematic investigation of the links between environment and hallucination episodes to probe the role of information transfer in triggering transitions between veridical and hallucinatory vision. Finally, changes in hallucinatory episodes over time to elucidate the role of learning on phenomenology. These empirical data will allow the potential roles of different forms of inference in the stages of hallucinatory episodes to be elucidated.
Study on the Stability of Complex Networks in the Stock Markets of Key Industries in China
Authors: Wang Zinuoqi , Zhang Guofeng , Ma Xiaojing , Wang Ruixian
Published: July 2024

Investigating the significant “roles” within financial complex networks and their stability is of great importance for preventing financial risks. On one hand, this paper initially constructs a complex network model of the stock market based on mutual information theory and threshold methods, combined with the closing price returns of stocks. It then analyzes the basic topological characteristics of this network and examines its stability under random and targeted attacks by varying the threshold values. On the other hand, using systemic risk entropy as a metric to quantify the stability of the stock market, this paper validates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as a widespread, unexpected event on network stability. The research results indicate that this complex network exhibits small-world characteristics but cannot be strictly classified as a scale-free network. In this network, key roles are played by the industrial sector, media and information services, pharmaceuticals and healthcare, transportation, and utilities. Upon reducing the threshold, the network’s resilience to random attacks is correspondingly strengthened. Dynamically, from 2000 to 2022, systemic risk in significant industrial share markets significantly increased. From a static perspective, the period around 2019, affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, experienced the most drastic fluctuations. Compared to the year 2000, systemic risk entropy in 2022 increased nearly sixtyfold, further indicating an increasing instability within this complex network.
The State-Dependent Channel with a Rate-Limited Cribbing Helper
Authors: Lapidoth Amos , Steinberg Yossef
Published: July 2024

The capacity of a memoryless state-dependent channel is derived for a setting in which the encoder is provided with rate-limited assistance from a cribbing helper that observes the state sequence causally and the past channel inputs strictly causally. Said cribbing may increase capacity but not to the level achievable by a message-cognizant helper.
A Critique of the Ambitions and Challenges of the Lifelong Learning Entitlement (LLE) from a Lifelong Learning Perspective
Authors: Mahoney Mary , Kiernan Annabel
Published: July 2024

In 2025, the English government will commence the roll out of a transformative new funding system for post-18 learners entitled the ‘Lifelong Learning Entitlement’ (LLE). This will be a single funding system for both higher and further education, which the government argues, will enable learners to pay for courses to develop new skills and gain new qualifications at a time that is right for them through full-time degree programmes, flexibly through part-time study, or by undertaking individual modules as and when they are needed. The focus is on training, retraining and upskilling at levels four to six (i.e., the first three years of a degree programme) and on high-value technical courses at levels four and five. Essentially, the LLE is a lifelong entitlement to access a loan fund to support higher level/higher education studies up to age 60. Some targeted maintenance grant funding will be provided to some students who require it to age 60 and beyond. The authors will provide a critical review of the LLE from a lifelong learning perspective. They will explore the complex multifaceted discourse embedded in LLE intentions, as presented in policy statements, some of which appear to be at odds with the claims made about the role of LLE, and identify the ways that it will need to be shaped to achieve the benefits sought by government. Using the critical themes underpinning this special edition of the journal, they will consider the role that education provided through the LLE ‘transformative agenda’ can play in enabling access by adult learners of all types and for multiple reasons. They will consider the interplay between these and neo-liberal values relating to the role of higher education in employment, training and skills-focused priorities. They will also reflect on the role that the HE sector will inevitably need to play in shaping course design and delivery to ensure that the LLE can deliver both the government’s goals and those of lifelong learners, particularly those from disadvantaged communities and backgrounds.
A Contoured Controller Bode-Based Iterative Tuning Method for Multi-Band Power System Stabilizers
Authors: Xu Hao , Jiang Chongxi , Gan Deqiang
Published: July 2024

An iterative tuning method for multi-band power system stabilizers is proposed, which utilizes the contoured controller Bode (CCBode) plot. The typical multi-band power system stabilizer, PSS4B, is conceptualized as a series connection of two filters: a band-pass filter and a phase compensator. The tuning process involves a space searching approach for the phase compensator to ensure its phase–frequency response remains within acceptable bounds. Subsequently, the CCBode plot is employed to adjust the magnitude–frequency response of the band-pass filter, thereby enhancing stability performance across a broad frequency range. The method proposed can be applied to the parameter design of the multi-band power system stabilizer PSS4B in the power system to suppress the low-frequency oscillations of the local mode and inter-regional mode in the system. The effectiveness of this proposed method is demonstrated through case studies of the four -machine/two-area system and the North China Power Grid.
Spatiotemporal Variations of Vegetation and Its Response to Climate Change and Human Activities in Arid Areas—A Case Study of the Shule River Basin, Northwestern China
Authors: He Xiaorui , Zhang Luqing , Lu Yuehan , Chai Linghuan
Published: July 2024

The Shule River Basin (SRB) is a typical arid area in northwest China with a fragile ecology. Understanding vegetation dynamics and its response to climate change and human activities provides essential ecological and environmental resource management information. This study extracted fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) data from 2000 to 2019 using the Google Earth Engine platform and Landsat satellite images, employing trend analysis and other methods to examine spatiotemporal changes in vegetation in the SRB. Additionally, we used partial correlation and residual analyses to explore the response of FVC to climate change and human activities. The main results were: (1) The regional average FVC in the SRB showed a significant upward trend from 2000 to 2019, increasing by 1.3 × 10−3 a–1. The area within 1 km of roads experienced a higher increase of 3 × 10−3 a–1, while the roadless areas experienced a lower increase of 1.1 × 10−3 a–1. The FVC spatial heterogeneity in the SRB is significant. (2) Partial correlation analysis shows that the FVC correlates positively with precipitation and surface water area, with correlation coefficients of 0.575 and 0.744, respectively. A weak negative correlation exists between the FVC and land surface temperature (LST). FVC changes are more influenced by precipitation than by LST. (3) The contributions of climate change to vegetation recovery are increasing. Human activities, particularly agricultural practices, infrastructure development, and the conversion of farmland to grassland, significantly influence vegetation changes in densely populated areas. (4) The area changes of different land types are closely related to climate factors and human activities. Increased construction, agricultural activity, and converting farmland back to grassland have led to an increase in the area proportions of “impervious surfaces”, “cropland”, and “grassland”. Climate changes, such as increased rainfall, have resulted in larger areas of “wetlands” and “sparse vegetation”. These results provide valuable information for ecosystem restoration and environmental protection in the SRB.