bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction and analysis of EDM performances considering random multiple-pulse discharges based on geometric optimization modeling
Authors: Ni Qin , Zhang Yan , Zhou Kebing , Wang Guoqian , Ji Lei , Yang Wentao
Published: August 2021

Continuous electrical discharge machining (EDM) is characterized by random discharge positions, uncertain discharge energy, extremely short discharge time, extremely narrow tool-workpiece gaps, etc. Theoretical research into the mechanisms leading to thermal erosion of material and the associated surface morphology has become urgent to allow the continued development and application of EDM technology. Firstly, multi-pulse theory and geometric optimization are utilized to derive an expression for the material removal rate and surface roughness in multi-pulse EDM. Secondly, Based on the characteristics of multi-pulse discharge, a multi-pulse numerical simulation model was established to predict the material removal volume, surface roughness and thickness of recast layer. Finally, the results predicted by the geometric and numerical models are compared with the experimental results. Experimentally, 0.176 mg of material is removed in the multi-pulse EDM; the theoretical calculation and numerical simulation of the same produce errors of 5.11% and 11.36%, respectively. The analogous results for the surface roughness are 1.623 µm, 8.93%, and 1.23%. The experimentally determined thickness of the recast layer was 5.31 µm, which corresponds to an error in the simulation error of 7.53%.
None zero circulation of electrostatic field around a partly electrostatic shielded loop
Authors: Yang Yannan
Published: August 2021

In this article, a loop that is partly electrostatic shielded is analyzed. It is found that the line integral of electrostatic field around this loop is not zero. This is against the theorem that the line integral of electrostatic field around any closed loop is zero and the curl of electrostatic field is zero. When the loop is made of conductor wire, there is no electric current flowing around the loop although the line integral of electric field is not zero. A loop current driven by electrostatic field will break the law of energy conservation, so it is expected and reasonable that we cannot observe a current in the loop.
Identification and fine mapping of qPBR10-1, a novel locus controlling panicle blast resistance in Pigm-containing P/TGMS line
Authors: Wu Yunyu , Xiao Ning , Li Yuhong , Gao Qiang , Ning Yuese , Yu Ling , Cai Yue , Pan Cunhong , Zhang Xiaoxiang , Huang Niansheng , Zhou Changhai , Ji Hongjuan , Liu Jianju , Shi Wei , Chen Zichun , Liang Chengzhi , Li Aihong
Published: August 2021

Background
Rice blast is one of the most widespread and devastating diseases in rice production. Tremendous success has been achieved in identification and characterization of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring seedling blast resistance, however, genetic studies on panicle blast resistance have lagged far behind.
Results
In this study, two advanced backcross inbred sister lines (MSJ13 and MSJ18) were obtained in the process of introducing Pigm into C134S, and showed significant differences in the panicle blast resistance. One F2 population derived from the crossing MSJ13/MSJ18 was used to QTL mapping for panicle blast resistance using Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) method. A total of 7 QTLs were identified, including a major QTL qPBR10-1 on chromosome 10 that explaining 24.21% of phenotypic variance with LOD scores of 6.62. Furthermore, qPBR10-1 was verified via the BC1F2 and BC1F3 population and narrowed to a 60.6-kb region with six candidate genes predicted, including two genes encoding exonuclease family protein, two genes encoding hypothetical protein, and two genes encoding transposon protein. The nucleotide variations and the expression patterns of the candidate genes were identified and analyzed between MSJ13 and MSJ18 through sequence comparison and RT-PCR approach, and results indicated that ORF1 and ORF2 encoding exonuclease family protein might be the causal candidate genes for panicle blast resistance in the qPBR10-1 locus.
Conclusions
A total of 7 QTLs conferring panicle blast resistance was identified from one F2 population derived from the crossing between two advanced backcross inbred sister lines MSJ13 and MSJ18, which harbored the broad-spectrum resistance gene Pigm. A major QTL qPBR10-1 was fine mapped in a 60.6-kb region with six candidate genes predicted, and ORF1 and ORF2 encoding exonuclease family protein might be the causal candidate genes for panicle blast resistance in the qPBR10-1 locus through sequence comparison and RT-PCR approach.
The Protocol-Personalized Perioperative Hemodynamic Management as Part of the ERAS Protocol in Abdominal Surgeries
Authors: Kharlamov K. Е. , Yadgarov M. Ya. , Likhvantsev V. V.
Published: August 2021

One of the options for solving the problem of a “non-standard” patient undergoing a major and traumatic operation, perhaps, is the protocol-personalized approach to hemodynamic management.

The objective: to study the efficacy and safety of using a modified protocol-personalized approach to hemodynamic management during surgical interventions on abdominal organs in elderly and senile patients.

Subjects and Methods. A randomized prospective-retrospective clinical trial was conducted in parallel groups: Group 1 (control) - standard management of the perioperative period; Group 2 - standard management supplemented by the protocol-personalized approach to hemodynamic management.

Results. Patients in the main group had the best parameters as per MACE outcomes (RR: 0.462, [95% CI: 0.251-0.850] p = 0.038). In the intra- and postoperative period, patients in the control group had a relatively higher risk of arrhythmias (RR: 2.517 [95% CI: 1.218; 5,200] p = 0.017).

Conclusion. The use of the protocol-personalized approach results in better MACE outcomes (RR: 0.462, 95% CI: 0.251-0.850; p = 0.038) during surgical interventions on the abdominal organs in elderly and senile patients, and also, reduces the risk of arrhythmias (RR: 2.517, 95% CI:1.218; 5.200) p = 0.017.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura as a Rare Etiopathogenetic Cause of Cerebral Infarction and Extracerebral Thrombosis
Authors: Аvidzba А. R. , Saskin V. A. , Nedashkovskiy E. V.
Published: August 2021

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is a disease from the group of thrombotic microangiopathies, the early diagnosis of which is a real challenge in clinical practice. The article presents a clinical case that clearly illustrates the multisystem nature of the damage against the background of thrombotic microangiopathy, specific parameters of diagnosis, and emergency therapy Timely initiation of specific treatment significantly increases the chances of survival in this category of patients.
BREAST-CONSERVING SURGERY AFTER NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Bosieva A. R. , Ermoshchenkova M. V. , Volchenko N. N. , Zikiryahodjaev A. D.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study was to present the most recent data on the outcomes of breast-conserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer patients.

Material and methods. We analyzed relevant publications available in the pubmed, cochrane library, e-library databases between 1990 and 2020, and 24 of them were used to write this review.

Results. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer patients is currently a widespread treatment option. The main advantage of this type of treatment for patients with early stage breast cancer is the feasibility of performing breast-conserving surgery in cases of partial or complete clinical response and, therefore, the improvement of the quality of life of patients with equivalent rates of disease-free survival compared to radical mastectomies.

Conclusion. Numerous studies have shown that breast-conserving surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the safe surgery with good oncologic outcomes and an alternative to radical mastectomies in breast cancer patients. However, further studies are required to determine the optimal safe resection margin width in patients with complete and partial responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
ROLE OF MODERN IMAGING TECHNIQUES IN ADDITIONAL VIZUALISATION OF BREAST CANCER: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Ainakulova A. S. , Kaidarova D. R. , Zholdybai Zh. Zh. , Inozemtceva N. I. , Gabdullina M. O. , Karibayev I. M.
Published: August 2021

Background. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Despite advances in treatment of breast cancer, early-stage breast cancer detection is limited by screening mammography and often requires additional breast imaging.

The purpose of the study was to analyze available data on modern imaging techniques of additional breast visualization used for improving breast cancer screening.

Material and methods. The review includes data from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyzes on the effectiveness of breast imaging techniques for early-stage breast cancer detection. The search was carried out in pubmed, Web of science, scopus and cochrane library databases. Out of 100 publications published over the past 7 years, 51 were included in the presented review.

Results. Breast cancer screening using various imaging techniques has been carried out in the world for more than 30 years, and over the past 10 years significant progress has been made in improving X-ray, ultrasound and magnetic resonance technologies in the early breast cancer detection. At present, healthcare organizers are faced with the question of choosing a vector for improving the breast cancer screening program by introducing digital tomosynthesis, contrast spectral mammography, or accelerated mri. According to the current results of the analysis of literature data, contrast spectral mammography and accelerated mri have the highest sensitivity, but studies of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (ppv, npv) are ongoing.

Conclusion. The data presented in the review confirm the necessity for finding the vector for improving the breast cancer screening program using multicenter prospective trials.
Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Using 3-Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane Functionalized Magnetic MWCNT-Based Nanocomposite for Selective and Efficient Preconcentration of Pb2+ with FAAS Determination
Authors: dos Santos Paula , Tarley César , Corazza Marcela
Published: August 2021

A novel nanocomposite based on magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated with SiO2 and functionalized with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-MPTMS) was prepared for the efficient extraction and quantification of lead ions from water samples. The adsorption capacity of this adsorbent could reach 1.995 mg g-1 Pb2+ in an equilibrium time of 30 min. Under optimized conditions derived using the 25-1 fractional factorial design, a 45 mL aliquot of the sample was preconcentrated onto 90 mg of nanocomposite during 4 min. The lead ions adsorbed on the nanocomposite were eluted using 2 mol L-1 HNO3. The proposed method provided a preconcentration factor of 15.25 times, yielding limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 0.56 and 1.86 µg L-1, respectively, and a linear range between 1.86 and 100.00 µg L-1. The relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 10), determined using solutions of Pb2+ at 10 and 120 µg L-1, were 2.3 and 2.1%, respectively. A high tolerance toward potentially foreign ions was observed. The proposed method was successfully applied to the rapid extraction of Pb2+ ions from different water samples, confirming good recovery values (90.33-109.53%); the accuracy of the method was evaluated through graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) as a reference technique.
The board work experience diversity and the performance of Russian companies
Authors:   Institute for Industrial and Market Studies, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Dergunova Irina V. , Dolgopyatova Tatiana G. ,   Institute for Industrial and Market Studies, National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: August 2021

The goal of this study is to empirically assess the influence of the board of directors’ work experience diversity on the performance of Russian non-public companies. The board work experience diversity is measured by the diversity index proposed by the authors, as well as by the number of work experience types and categories. Russian boards are characterized by a low level of diversity, directors with work experience in the same company prevail, on the second and third places is the experience in other enterprises in the industry and the experience in the group of related companies. It has been established that there are no prevailing combinations of experience in industrial companies. A positive influence of the directors’ work experience diversity on the increase of companies’ return on capital from 2017 to 2019 was found. The analysis is based on the data from a 2018 survey of industrial managers conducted by the Higher School of Economics.
Capacitive deionization: a promising technology for water defluoridation: a review
Authors: Alfredy Tusekile , Elisadiki Joyce , Jande Yusufu Abeid Chande
Published: August 2021

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is among the promising technologies employed for water purification. CDI has been studied for the removal of various ionic species from water including fluoride ion (F−) with promising results. However, there is no comprehensive literature that summarizes the use of CDI for water defluoridation applications. Therefore, this review paper critically analyzes different electrode materials that have been studied for water defluoridation, their electrosorption capacities and F− removal efficiencies. It further discussed the parameters that influence CDI efficiency during defluoridation and point out the issues of F− selectivity when co-existing with other ions in the solution. We can conclude that different electrode materials have shown different abilities in electrosorption of F−. The carbon-based materials possess high surface area and good electrical conductivity which is paramount for ion adsorption but gives lack selectivity for F− removal. Metal oxides and hydroxides have been reported with improved electrosorption capacity and high selectivity to F− due to the ion exchange between the F− and the hydroxyls surface of the metal oxides/hydroxides. Apart from the good performance of these materials for defluoridation, the discovery of actual practical use of the electrode materials for defluoridation for commercial scale is still a need.
Treatments to refine one’s bodily beauty according to the teachings of Trota of Salerno
Authors: Glusiuk Anna
Published: August 2021

Trotula of Salerno lived in eleventh century Italy and was one of the few women who received an excellent education. Trotula was an unusual woman who, thanks to her talents, became famous not only in Salerno, but also in the whole of Italy and outside of the country. Her name can be found in various medieval writings, as for example in the Canterbury Tales written by Geoffrey Chaucer. She was not only a doctor, but also the author of medical treatises. One of her works, entitled De ornatu mulierum, shows what kind of “cosmetics” the women of medieval Salerno used. Thanks of her writings, it is known how the women of the time took care of their bodies. She taught how to remove unwilling hair, and that it was necessary to have white, healthy teeth, smooth skin, and long black or blonde hair.
The regulations in the field of criminal law in the statute of Sochaczew of 27 April 1377
Authors: Herod Patrycja
Published: August 2021

This article is the first comprehensive overview of the criminal regulations of the first Statute of Mazovia, which was announced by Prince Siemowit III of Masovia on April 27, 1377 in Sochaczew. The authoress examines 11 criminal laws, which cover more than half of the act. The article presents the legal and penal regulations concerning: the conditions of taking revenge, villainy (robbery and persistent thievery), broadly defined rape on a person, the amount of were-gild for murdering a Włodyka (a representative of lower knighthood) and a well-to-do peasant, complicity, the defamation of people of high rank (i. e. the rebuke of nobility), the requirements on which one can exonerate themselves in court, as well as the amount of compensatory damages for beating or wounding a well-to-do peasant. While discussing specific legal articles, the author explains the basic notions concerning mazovian criminal law both substantive and procedural, in particular: the penalty of proscription, a vendetta, the penalty of infamy, the rebuke of nobility, exoneration, were-gild and punitive damages. At the same time, the article presents the issue of the death penalty and confiscation of one’s property, which were the most severe penalties for convicted criminals. The article concludes with the summary of the conducted research.
Illness and death behind the walls of the convent of the Norbertine Sister in Imbramowice in the light of the Chronicles of Sophia Grothówna from the years 1703-1741
Authors: Mierzejewska Milena
Published: August 2021

The article describes illness and death behind the walls of the convent of the Norbertine in Ibramowice in light of The Chronicle Sophia Grothówna from the years 1703-1741. Health problems and death in human life are two inevitable events. As a people we know this is unavoidable and we will meet every existence. Sisters of Mary also were afflicted with minor or major health problems. The nuns lived in damp conditions. At the monastery Imbramowice flows flows the river Dłubnia, causing a humid environment. Nuns in Imbramowice had to contend with difficult housing conditions after a fire in 1710. Norbertine’s coped with the diseases in various ways:leaving for treatment to spas (with the consent of the bishop and the abbess), or waiting for assistance of a barber, doctors came less frequently. The article contains also diseases to which the sisters suffered. In the second part, the paper describes the death of sisters and everything that is associated with it. Every act of dying featured in the pages of The Chronicle abbes Grothówna was dramatic. After the death of a Norbertine followed by a funeral, if the nun exercised a high function at the monastery burial was very solemn and distinguished guests arrived. The Sisters of Mary also organized refreshments for the poor people, to help the dead and prayed for a specified period of time. The article includes a list of all the sisters residing at the monastery in Imbramowice over the years 1703-1741. The table presents information: date of commencement of the novitiate, professed, perpetual function each nun and date of death.
The autograph book of visitors in Podhorce castle in the years 1923–1930
Authors: Paduch Katarzyna
Published: August 2021

Podhorce is one of the greatest aristocratic residences. The owners of the palace were members of the families: Koniecpolscy, Sobiescy, Rzewuscy and Sanguszko. Waclaw Rzewu-ski (1709-1779) created in Podhorce a huge collection of works of art, he founded an armory, an archive and a library. Whereas Leon Rzewuski (1808-1869) gave museum character to the collection gathered in the palace. After visiting the residence the guests signed in the guest book of the palace. Based on the analysis of the guestbook from the years 1923-1930 it can be concluded that the palace was visited by representatives of different social strata. The largest group were the excursions organized by scholarly institutions (school children, scouts, students). The document includes signatures of the representatives of the polish gen-try, distinguished professors, scientists, researchers and senior clerics. The presented book contains about one thousand seven hundred autographs, that had been placed in the book for seven years of its conduct. A significant number of signatures in the document confirms the enormous interest in the Podhorce collection in the twentieth century.
In re obscura versantes. The complex hagiography of the martyrs of Amiternum and new ways of its interpretation
Authors: Capannolo Luca
Published: August 2021

The biography of the eighty-three Martyrs of Amiternum has always been a source of controversy among scholars of hagiography. Scant data and lack of research on the topic have made the complex hagiography of the Martyrs of Amiternum even more difficult to understand. The aim of this paper is not to solve the issue, but only to collect the available hagiographic material and use the few reliable fact about the lives of the Martyrs of Amiternum to offer new perspectives for further hagiographic study.
Letters of Recommendation of Sidonius Apollinaris – the Legacy of Tradition and the Challenge of Transformations
Authors: Skibiński Tomasz
Published: August 2021

The article presents the letters of Sidonius Apollinaris - Gallo-Roman aristocrat, poet and bishop. The study aims at analysing the letters of Sidonius from the point of view of their purpose, the models used, the argumentation, and the list of recipients to whom the letters are addressed. On the one hand, it shows that Sidonius remaining faithful to his masters in epistolography (Cicero, Pliny the Younger, Symmachus), while on the other hand, was able to change the form of letters according to the situation. The paper also allows us to discern the changes that took place in the works of Sidonius after his ordination.
Education of girls in the 14th century according to Francesco da Barberino
Authors: Głusiuk Anna
Published: August 2021

Francesco da Barberino is the author of one of the few female etiquette texts written in the Middle Ages. In this period, a number of texts on court etiquette had been written but the most of them were addressed to the male reader and only few of them were written specifically for women.

In his works, Francesco da Barberino shows the rules of court etiquette appropriate for a girl from a family of high social status the age of marriage. Thanks to his work, we have knowledge on which virtues were appreciated, what was allowed, and what type of conduct was not accepted by the society of the time.
The legislative activity of the Duke of Mazovia Janusz I of Warsaw 1381-1429
Authors: Herod Patrycja
Published: August 2021

The article presents the legislative activity of Janusz I of Warsaw who from 1381 was an independent ruler of the Eastern Mazovia. It also offers an analysis of 15 legal instruments including 14 statutes and one landed privilege, which is the oldest known act of this type from the region of Mazovia delivered 21st June 1414 in Nowe Miasto for both the Czersk and Warsaw nobility. The article further deals with the division of specific regulations into criminal and private law, which includes marriage and family law, the law of succession, property law, obligations, the right of peasants to leave a village belonging to a feudal master as well as court proceedings. The article finishes with the presentation of the research results.
The state of research history of the Kampinos Forest
Authors: Sukiennik Edgar
Published: August 2021

Kampinos Forest, also known as the Kampinos National Park, is a large forest complex located north-west of Warsaw. This is a unique natural heritage resource full of various forms of wildlife and many types of animals. In this remarkable natural monument are also to be found traces of human activity. Forest areas remained untouched for a long time, but since the 15th century people have begun the first settlements and villages. Within a few hundred years there has been created in this area many towns, parishes and centres of agricultural and forestry. During the Polish uprisings of the 19th and 20th centuries, the forest terrain was favourable to guerilla actions and is now a place of burial for several thousand people who are buried in military cemeteries. These topics were studied by historians, who wanted and still want to show the area of human activity and the evolution of the relationship between nature and man. The Kampinos Forest is seen in many publications as the place for daily life of inhabitants from the Middle Ages to the present day. This article is an attempt to discuss the current trends of historical research in this part of Mazovia. It also shows the perception of events by the authors. The issues of nature, landscape formation, geological processes and environmental protection are not included, because they belong to other fields of science and have a separate research methodology.
“Arbitrators, but not only that...”: The clergy in the magistrates’ book of the City of Płock between 1489 and 1517
Authors: Graczyk Waldemar
Published: August 2021

Entries made in the Płock magistrates’ book between 1489 and 1517 mention a total of nineteen clergymen, who were primarily associated with the local church environment. Evident in these entries is the clergy’s involvement as arbitrators in legal disputes. They are also mentioned as executors of testaments or recipients of legacies, parties in deeds of sale, holders of deposits, and prudent stewards of church property. Entries in the Płock magistrates’ book involving the local clergy seem to indicate that that the representatives of the Catholic Church were greatly trusted and esteemed by the local community.
Stephen IV of Moldavia: an unknown page in the history of Polish-Moldavian relations in the 16th
Authors: Kozieł Patryk
Published: August 2021

This article focuses on the Polish-Moldavian relations during the reign of Stephen IV of Moldavia as a largely marginalized theme in Polish historiography. The majority of Polish historical studies make brief mentions of Stephen’s reign at best. Stephen’s ascension to the Moldavian throne fell during the Turkish expansion in the Balkans, with Moldavia struggling to retain the remnants of its independence. For Poland, the region played a key role as a buffer against the Tatar threat and a commercial gateway to the Black Sea basin. Thus, King Sigismund I the Old strove to maintain his influence in Moldavia, at the same time preventing it from annexation by Turkey. Sigismund’s overtures, however, faced a number of obstacles, which are recounted in this article.
Empreendedorismo e Marketing: perspectivas de discentes do curso de Odontologia da Universidade de Vassouras.
Authors: Huthmacher Catharina , Oswaldo Luiz Cecilio Barbosa  , Luiz Felipe Gilson de O. Rangel  , Carla Cristina Neves Barbosa
Published: August 2021

A Odontologia, assim como diversas outras áreas da saúde, vem evoluindo consideravelmente não só no que diz respeito às técnicas, mas também na forma de enxergar o novo modelo de mercado de trabalho cada vez mais concorrido. O empreendedorismo tem forte impacto social juntamente aos conhecimentos sobre marketing que auxiliam no destaque desses profissionais. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a diferença do perfil empreendedor e conhecimentos de marketing dos discentes do Curso de Graduação em Odontologia da Universidade de Vassouras, entre as turmas de terceiro período, quinto período e sétimo período, por meio de uma pesquisa descritiva do tipo transversal. Os dados foram coletados a partir de um formulário do Google Forms, contendo questionário para avaliação do perfil empreendedor e outro questionário a respeito de conhecimento de estratégias de marketing e sua importância para a vida profissional. Esses dados foram tabulados e submetidos à análise estatística descritiva. Participaram do estudo 64 estudantes dos três períodos. Em relação ao perfil empreendedor, os alunos de ambos os períodos foram classificados por “muitas características empreendedoras” de acordo com a pesquisa. Sobre conhecimentos de marketing, os alunos afirmaram conhecer e acreditar na importância do marketing na vida profissional. Com isso, mostrou-se o quão apto estes discentes dos períodos citados estão para engajar no mercado de trabalho.
Feminino: uma construção a partir do não ser
Authors: Feres Allícya , Queiroz Doro Dias Clarissa , Batista Silveira Bárbara , Cabral Samico Fernanda
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar algumas contribuições da psicanálise de Freud à Lacan sobre o enigma que é a mulher, partindo da fase pré-edipiana, bem como o complexo de castração e o complexo de Édipo, direcionando a pesquisa aos avanços teóricos que Lacan nos apresenta com suas conceitualizações das fórmulas quânticas de sexuação. Abordaremos, ainda, o campo do feminino e suas respectivas modalidades de gozo e de amor. Em seguida, discutiremos as influências dessas modalidades na forma feminina de amar. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica de textos concernentes ao tema e o argumento norteador parte dos estudos de Lacan que dizem que não existe, no campo do Outro, um significante que signifique o que é ser mulher ou o que é o sexo feminino. O que há é um furo, e isso faz com que a mulher possa transitar entre dois campos, um fálico e outro não-todo. Como consequência dessa não definição do que é ser mulher, de alguma forma, resta a ela uma busca por algo que delineie sua existência e dê algum contorno à sua feminilidade, o que pode desencadear uma trama de amor e ódio com seu representante materno, e futuramente com seus parceiros. Partindo disso, Lacan lança o conceito de devastação. Para as mulheres, o amor e a devastação andam lado a lado e atravessam diretamente suas vidas, trazendo desdobramentos significativos nas relações amorosas que elas irão assumir posteriormente, o que reflete em nossa sociedade de forma direta.
Upregulated Long Non-coding RNA ALMS1-IT1 Promotes Neuroinflammation by Activating NF-κB Signaling in Ischemic Cerebral Injury
Authors: Lu Peng , Zhang Ye , Niu Huanjiang , Wang Yirong
Published: August 2021

Background:

ALMS1-IT1, a recently identified lncRNA, has been proven to play a crucial role in
regulating tumor progression and predicting the survival time of tumor patients. Data analysis from the Human
Body Map (HBM) revealed that ALMS1-IT1 is expressed mainly in brain tissues.

Methods:

In this study, the role of ALMS1-IT in regulating neuro-inflammation and functional recovery was investigated
after ischemic cerebral damage. To this end, the rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion
(tMCAO) was constructed, the cell model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was established using
BV2 microglial cells, and the aberrant expression of ALMS1-IT1 was assessed in brain tissues. After ALMS1-
IT1 knockdown through intrathecal injection of Lv-shALMS1-IT1, neuro-inflammatory response and functional
tests including a modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and a foot-fault test were assessed.

Results:

The level of ALMS1-IT1 was promptly enhanced at 12 hours (h) following MCAO, peaking at 48 h,
and remaining high at day 14 compared to the sham group. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-
α) were increased after MCAO, whereas ALMS1-IT1 inhibition suppressed the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and
TNF-α in MCAO rats. The results from mNSS and foot-fault test showed that ALMS1-IT1 knockdown significantly
improved spatial learning and sensorimotor function of MCAO rats. Mechanistically, ALMS1-IT1
knockdown suppressed the activation of NF-κB signaling in vitro and in vivo, as evidenced by decreased p65
expression and p65 nuclear translocation. ALMS1-IT1 overexpression facilitated pro-inflammatory cytokines
expression in microglia, whereas the effect was blocked by treatment with JSH-23 (a specific NF-κB inhibitor).

Conclusions:

These data demonstrated that ALMS1-IT1 inhibition improved neurological function of MCAO
rats, at least in part by repressing NF-κB-dependent neuro-inflammation.
Predicting Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease with Measures of Striatal Dopaminergic Deficiency
Authors: Bishnoi Ram , Badir Marina C. , Surya Sandarsh , Youssef Nagy A.
Published: August 2021

Background:

The role of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons degeneration is well established in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. However, it is unclear if and how the degeneration of the dopamine pathways affects the manifestation of the neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging, a technique to measure the reduction in dopamine transporters is increasingly used as a tool in the diagnosis of PD.

Methods:

In this study, we examine if the baseline dopamine transporter density in the striatum
measured by the striatal binding ratio (SBR) is associated with the longitudinal onset and/or pro-
gression of NPS in PD as measured by part 1 of Movement Disorder Society - Unified Parkinson's
Disease Rating Scale, over four years. Data of patients with PD and an abnormal screening present
on 123I-ioflupane single-proton emission computed tomography were obtained from Parkinson's
Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. Latent Growth Modeling (LGM), a statistical tech-
nique that can model the change over time while considering the variability in the rate of change at
the individual level, was used to examine the progression of NPS over time.

Results:

The results indicate the SBR did not correlate with the baseline NPS but did correlate with
the rate of change of NPS (p<0.001) over the next four years, even after eliminating age-related
variance, which can be a significant confounding factor.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this study showed gradual worsening in NPS in patients with Parkinson’s disease, which inversely correlates with the density of the dopamine transporters as measured
by SBR at baseline.
An Imaging Measurement Study of Normal Knee Parameters in Southeast China
Authors: Liu Huitong , Xu Bingqiang , Feng Eryou , Liu Shizhang , Zhang Wei , Qiu Yusheng , Zhang Yiyuan
Published: August 2021

Background:

Imaging measurement of distal femur and proximal tibia has been the hot point in the research of total knee arthroplasty and prosthesis development, which is an important treatment for patients with advanced knee joint disease. This study retrospectively investigated the digital imaging measurement of normal knee parameters in southeast China and evaluated their clinical value.

Methods:

From February 2010 to May 2014, and in accordance with the inclusion criteria, a total of 677 knees (334 female knees and 343 male knees) were categorized into 3 age groups. Clinical and digital imaging data, including the distal Femoral Condyle Diameter (FCD), Tibial Plateau Diameter (TPD), the distance between the medial tibial plateau and fibular head (DPF), tibiofemoral valgus angle, distal femoral valgus angle, Proximal Tibia (PT) varus angle and the angle from femoral condyle to tibial perpendicular (FT), were measured by using AutoCAD 10.0 software. All measured variables were statistically analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 18.0).

Results:

Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. The normal female and male femoral condyle diameter was (7.69 ± 0.46) cm and (8.68 ± 0.55) cm, while the normal female and male tibial plateau diameter was (7.66 ± 0.46) cm and (8.60 ± 0.55) cm, respectively. The normal female and male DPF was (0.76 ± 0.36) cm and (0.79 ± 0.36) cm. For females and males, the tibiofemoral valgus angle and distal femoral valgus angle were (3.89 ± 2.20) ° and (3.29 ± 2.12) °, (9.03 ± 2.18) ° and (8.25 ± 2.20) °. As the two methods to measure tibial plateau varus angle, PT angle of normal female and male was (4.29 ± 1.86) ° and (4.84 ± 2.23) °, while the normal female and male FT angle was (5.34 ± 1.95) ° and (5.52 ± 2.07) °. Based on the data obtained, we found significant differences between the two genders in terms of the femoral condyle diameter and tibial plateau diameter in all age groups (P < 0.01). The DPF parameter showed an obvious difference between the young group and the middle-aged group (P < 0.05), and no significant difference was observed between the sides and genders (P > 0.05). The distal femoral valgus angle showed statistical differences between genders in the left side of the young group and middle-aged group (P < 0.05), while angle PT and FT showed no significant difference (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

A large number of knee measurements was obtained, and a local knee database was developed in this study. Imaging measurement prior to total knee arthroplasty is clinically important for increasing the accuracy and long-term efficacy of total knee arthroplasty. These data can also provide useful information for knee surgery and sports medicine as well as prosthesis development.
Quantitative Comparisons of Deep-learning-based and Atlas-based Auto-
segmentation of the Intermediate Risk Clinical Target Volume for Nasopharyngeal
Carcinoma
Authors: He Yisong , Zhang Shengyuan , Luo Yong , Yu Hang , Fu Yuchuan , Wu Zhangwen , Jiang Xiaoxuan , Li Ping
Published: August 2021

Background:

Manual segment target volumes were time-consuming and inter-observer
variability couldn’t be avoided. With the development of computer science, auto-segmentation had
the potential to solve this problem.

Objective:

To evaluate the accuracy and stability of Atlas-based and deep-learning-based auto-segmentation
of the intermediate risk clinical target volume, composed of CTV2 and CTVnd, for nasopharyngeal
carcinoma quantitatively.

Methods and Materials:

A cascade-deep-residual neural network was constructed to automatically
segment CTV2 and CTVnd by deep learning method. Meanwhile, a commercially available software
was used to automatically segment the same regions by Atlas-based method. The datasets included
contrast computed tomography scans from 102 patients. For each patient, the two regions
were manually delineated by one experienced physician. The similarity between the two auto-segmentation
methods was quantitatively evaluated by Dice similarity coefficient, the 95th Hausdorff
distance, volume overlap error and relative volume difference, respectively. Statistical analyses
were performed using the ranked Wilcoxon test.

Results:

The average Dice similarity coefficient (±standard deviation) given by the deep-learning-
based and Atlas-based auto-segmentation were 0.84(±0.03) and 0.74(±0.04) for CTV2,
0.79(±0.02) and 0.68(±0.03) for CTVnd, respectively. For the 95th Hausdorff distance, the corresponding
values were 6.30±3.55 mm and 9.34±3.39 mm for CTV2, 7.09±2.27 mm and 14.33±3.98
mm for CTVnd. Besides, volume overlap error and relative volume difference could also predict
the same situations. Statistical analyses showed significant difference between the two auto-segmentation
methods (p<0.01).

Conclusions:

Compared with the Atlas-based segmentation approach, the deep-learning-based segmentation
method performed better both in accuracy and stability for meaningful anatomical areas
other than organs at risk.
An LC-MS/MS Method for the Pharmacokinetic and In Vitro Metabolism
Studies of Praeruptorin A in Rat
Authors: Kang An , Xu Zhuicheng , Shan Jinjun , Song Mengmeng , Xie Tong
Published: August 2021

Objective:

The study aims to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of Praeruptorin
A and khellactone and in vitro hydrolysis of praeruptorin A to khellactone in different biological
samples.

Methods:

A LC-MS/MS method was established. Analytes and internal standard (IS) were isolated
using the protein precipitation method and then separated on a Thermo BDS Hypersil C18
(2.1 mm×50 mm, 2.4μm) column using a mobile phase consisting of 0.05% formic acid solution
and acetonitrile. Samples were analyzed in positive electrospray-ionization (ESI) mode using
multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).

Results:

The calibration plots gave desirable linearity (r2>0.99) in the concentration range from
0.99-990.0 and 2.0-2000.0 ng/mL for Praeruptorin A and khellactone, respectively. In addition,
the LOQs of these analytes were sufficient for vivo pharmacokinetic study and vitro hydrolysis
study of Praeruptorin A. The intra-batch and inter-batch precision were all within 14.05%, and
the accuracy was between 89.39% and 109.50%. The extraction efficiency of PA and khellactone
ranged from 76.35 ~ 89.58%. The matrix effects of analytes and the IS were between
89.67% ~ 105.26%.

Conclusion:

The liver CYPs mediated by the metabolism of PA may contribute to the systemic
exposure of its active metabolite, khellactone, in rats.
A General Method for the Synthesis of 11H-Indeno[1,2-B]Quinoxalin-
11-Ones and 6H-Indeno[1,2-B]Pyrido[3,2-E]Pyrazin-6-One Derivatives
Using Mandelic Acid as an Efficient Organo-catalyst at Room Temperature
Authors: Banerjee Bubun , Sharma Aditi , Kaur Gurpreet , Singh Diksha , Gupta Vivek Kumar
Published: August 2021

Aims:

Synthesis of 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-ones as well as 6H-indeno[1,2-b]pyrido[3,2-e]pyrazin-6-one derivatives under greener conditions.

Background:

Quinoxaline and related skeletons are very common in naturally occurring bioactive compounds.

Objective:

Design a facile, green and organo-catalyzed method for the synthesis of 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-ones as well as 6H-indeno[1,2-b]pyrido[3,2-e]pyrazin-6-one derivatives.

Methods:

Both the scaffolds were synthesized via the condensation of ninhydrin and o-phenylenediamines or pyridine-2,3-diamines respectively by using a catalytic amount of mandelic acid as an efficient, commercially available, low cost, organo-catalyst in aqueous ethanol at room temperature.

Results:

Mild reaction conditions, use of metal-free organocatalyst, non-toxic solvent, ambient temperature, and no column chromatographic separation are some of the notable advantages of our developed protocol.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, we have developed a simple, mild, facile and efficient method for the synthesis of structurally diverse 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one derivatives via the condensation reactions of ninhydrin and various substituted benzene-1,2-diamines using a catalytic amount of mandelic acid as a commercially available metal-free organo-catalyst in aqueous ethanol at room temperature. Under the same optimized reaction conditions, synthesis of 6H-indeno[1,2-b]pyrido[3,2-e]pyrazin-6-one derivatives was also accomplished with excellent yields by using pyridine-2,3-diamines instead of o-phenylenediamine.
A CASE OF NEONATAL SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY WITH SEPSIS LIKE PRESENTATION
Authors: Yilmaz Gondal Oznur , Yalin Imamoglu Ebru , Yuksel Karatoprak Elif
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a progressive neuromuscular disease causing degeneration of nerves at anterior horn of spinal cord. The most common and severe form is SMA type 1 which starts before 6 months of age. Patients do not survive more than 2 years and usually die of respiratory failure. Although there was no specific cure for the disease until the last 3 years, new treatment modalities, with the improving gene-technology have given good results in progression of the disease and early diagnosis and treatment gained importance. Case: A male 28-days-old baby visited our clinic for routine physical examination and was found to be slightly hypotonic. He had decreased strength in sucking and crying and had slowing in motion in the last 4-5 days. C-reactive protein level was slightly elevated. Since he had a sepsis-like presentation, he was referred to neonatal intensive care unit (ICU). He was given antibiotics and monitored. However, in follow-up he became more hypotonic and deep tendon reflexes were lost. He was diagnosed as SMA type I and was referred for nusinersen (antisense-oligonucleotide) treatment. After treatment, he showed a good progress in motor functions and still does not need any respiratory support. Conclusions: We presented this case to draw attention to SMA in differential diagnosis of hypotonic newborns with sepsis-like presentation and emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
THE EFFECT OF DURATION OF ACETYLCHOLINE-ESTERASE INHIBITOR ON MMSE, CDT AND BARTHEL INDEX SCORING ON PATIENTS WITH VASCULAR DEMENSIA
Authors: Rianawati Sri Budhi , Damayanti Ria , Al Rasyid Harun , Artha Megayasa Nyoman
Published: August 2021

Background: Vascular dementia is a cognitive decline with functional deterioration caused by cerebrovascular disease. It is the second leading cause of dementia. A number of screening questionnaires and models have been developed to help in assessing cognitive function and activity daily living (ADL) in patients with dementia. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT) and Barthel Index are instruments to evaluate cognitive function and ADL of vascular dementia patients. Objective: To determine the role of achetylcholine-esterase inhibitor therapy on cognitive function and ADL in patients with vascular dementia in Saiful Anwar General Hospital. Methods: This study is an analytical study assessing the improvement of cognitive function and ADL of patients with vascular dementia after administration of acethylcholine-esterase inhibitor by assessing the MMSE, CDT and Barthel Index scoring in 1, 3, 6 and 12 month period consecutively. Results: From 15 study subjects, individuals who have been given treatment for 12 months consecutively have the highest increase in MMSE and CDT whilst for Barthel Index has shown highest improvement in one month period. Conclusion: The administration of acetylcholine-esterase inhibitor drugs has the potential to improve and maintain cognitive function and improve ADL. The limited number of study subjects and the many confounding factors that we did not evaluate were the drawbacks of this study. The results of this study cannot be generalized to all patients with vascular dementia and only apply to 15 patients who were the subjects of this study.
EFFECT OF THREE MINUTE STEP TEST ON COGNITION AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Manadhar Srista , Chettri Sunit , Rajbhandari Pandey Karishma , Limbu Nirmala , Baral Dharanidhar , Raj Pandey Dipesh
Published: August 2021

Background: Regular physical exercise is linked to produce beneficial influence on cognitive functions. Cognition can be evaluated by Stroop test where a person's selective attention capacity, skills and processing speed are assessed. Limited work has been done to explore the acute effect of exercise on cognition. Objective: To assess whether acute exposure to submaximal aerobic exercise of three minutes can bring changes in the cognitive function (selective attention and cognitive processing ability). The secondary objective was to assess the physical fitness index of medical students. Methods: Twenty four apparently healthy third year male medical students of BPKIHS (B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences) having mean age of 22.33 ± 1.09 years, body height and weight of 170.10 ± 5.85 cm of 65.38 ± 8.84 kg respectively were recruited. A computer based online version of Stroop Test was done to identify cognitive performance in resting sitting position. Then participants were asked to perform 3 min step test. A recovery time of 5 min was given post exercise and Stroop Test was assessed again. Statistical analysis was done using Paired T test. Data are expressed in mean and SD. Level of significance is considered at p<0.05. Results: The reaction time to Stroop Test was significantly reduced after acute physical exercise (before exercise (43.37 ± 7.7s) vs after exercise (36.14 ± 3.6s), p = 0.001). However, no significant difference in the number of correct response to Stroop Test before (19.71 ± 1.08) and after (19.79 ± 0.51) the acute exercise (p=0.575) was observed. Conclusion: Acute bout of aerobic physical exercise improves attention and execution aspects of cognitive function as measured by Stroop Test in young medical students.