bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cellular distribution of the Fragile X mental retardation protein in the inner ear: a developmental and comparative study in the mouse, rat, gerbil, and chicken
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Fan Qiwei , Yu Xiaoyan , Wang Yuan
Published: October 2022

The Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is an mRNA binding protein that is essential for neural circuit assembly and synaptic plasticity. Loss of functional FMRP leads to Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by sensory dysfunction including abnormal auditory processing. While the central mechanisms of FMRP regulation have been studied in the brain, whether FMRP is expressed in the auditory periphery and how it develops and functions remains unknown. In this study, we characterized the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of FMRP immunoreactivity in the inner ear of mice, rats, gerbils, and chickens. Across species, FMRP was expressed in hair cells and supporting cells, with a particularly high level in immature hair cells during the prehearing period. Interestingly, the distribution of cytoplasmic FMRP displayed an age‐dependent translocation in hair cells, and this feature was conserved across species. In the auditory ganglion (AG), FMRP immunoreactivity was detected in neuronal cell bodies as well as their peripheral and central processes. Distinct from hair cells, FMRP intensity in AG neurons was high both during development and after maturation. Additionally, FMRP was evident in mature glial cells surrounding AG neurons. Together, these observations demonstrate distinct developmental trajectories across cell types in the auditory periphery. Given the importance of peripheral inputs to the maturation of auditory circuits, these findings implicate involvement of FMRP in inner ear development as well as a potential contribution of periphery FMRP to the generation of auditory dysfunction in FXS.
Automated Supramolecular Polymerization in a Microflow: A Versatile Platform for Multistep Supramolecular Reactions
Authors: Yamashita Kae , Numata Munenori
Published: October 2022

This work reports a basic microflow system capable of performing multistep supramolecular polymerization. In this system, injection of the monomer, directional supramolecular copolymerization, removal of the unreacted monomer, and purification of the product supramolecular diblock copolymers are realized along a three‐stream flow. When injecting a supramolecular polymer into the central stream of the three‐stream flow, the supramolecular polymerization always occurs in the central flow, with the two lateral flows serving as supply and removal lines for the monomer. Employing two kinds of perylene bisimide derivatives as monomers, we confirmed that the reaction occurred selectively at the forward‐facing terminus of the supramolecular polymer, along with recovery of the unreacted monomer, ultimately leading to a high‐purity supramolecular diblock copolymer. Diblock copolymers are basic units for preparing multicomponent supramolecular block copolymers. Thus, connecting the present system in series would, in principle, result in a “microplant” capable of producing supramolecular polymers having desired inner complexity.
Prenatal cannabis exposure problems do not wear off by adolescence
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2022

Research from the large scale Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study sponsored by the National Institutes of Health has found evidence of a host of adverse outcomes to children when women use cannabis while pregnant. According to a research letter published September 12 in JAMA Pediatrics, these adverse effects are particularly alarming because of the recent dramatic increases in cannabis use during pregnancy.
Global insect decline is the result of wilful political failure: A battle plan for entomology
Authors: Donkersley Philip , Ashton Louise , Lamarre Greg P. A. , Segar Simon
Published: October 2022

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment assessed ecosystem change, human wellbeing and scientific evidence for sustainable use of biological systems. Despite intergovernmental acknowledgement of the problem, global ecological decline has continued, including declines in insect biodiversity, which has received much media attention in recent years. Several roadmaps to averting biological declines have failed due to various economic and political factors, and so biodiversity loss continues, driven by several interacting human pressures. Humans are innately linked with nature but tend to take it for granted. The benefits we gain from the insect world are broad, yet aversion or phobias of invertebrates are common, and stand firmly in the path of their successful conservation. Providing an integrated synthesis for policy teams, conservation NGOs, academic researchers and those interested in public engagement, this article considers: (1) The lack of progress to preserve and protect insects. (2) Examples relating to insect decline and contributions insects make to people worldwide, and consequently what we stand to lose. (3) How to engage the public, governmental organizations and researchers through “insect contributions to people” to better address insect declines. International political will has consistently acknowledged the existence of biodiversity decline, but apart from a few narrow cases of charismatic megafauna, little meaningful change has been achieved. Public values are reflected in political willpower, the progress being made across the world, changing views on insects in the public should initiate a much‐needed political sea‐change. Taking both existing activity and required future actions, we outline an entomologist's “battle plan” to enormously expand our efforts and become the champions of insect conservation that the natural world needs.
Discovery of nitrogenous derivatives of dihydromyricetin in cell culture medium
Authors: Zhang Haolin , Wang Minglong , Liang Yuanwei , Lv Xiaomei , Xie Ruiwei , Chen Xiaojia , Xiao Jianbo
Published: October 2022

Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a health‐beneficial flavanonol in the family of flavonoids, extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata (Hand.‐Mazz.) W. Wang. When investigating the stability of DMY in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) solution at 37°C by LC‐MS/MS, four nitrogenous derivatives of DMY were found except for the previously known dimers, oxidized products, and ring‐cleavage products of DMY. Compound 1 (N‐DMY) was identified to be 4′‐amino (NH2)‐DMY based on MS and NMR data. The formation mechanism of N‐DMY was thought to include two steps. First, the pyrogallol moiety on the ring B of DMY was prone to be oxidized to quinone. Second, quinone might further participate in the Strecker degradation of amino acids in DMEM to form N‐DMY and corresponding aldehydes. Correspondingly, compounds 2–4 might be formed by the Strecker degradation reaction of amino acids in DMEM with quinones from the oxidation of DMY dimers and DMY ring‐cleavage products. Consistent with the formation mechanism, it was observed that flavonoids with a catechol or pyrogallol moiety readily form their nitrogenous derivatives during the incubation in DMEM at 37°C, which might be because catechol or pyrogallol are easily oxidized to quinones. In addition, the nitrogenous derivatives of flavonoids may have a potential to participate in the metabolism of flavonoids during in vitro and in vivo experiments. Therefore, flavonoid nitrogenous derivatives may play a significant role in the actual effects of flavonoids, which need to be further investigated in the future.
Computational Insights on Periodicity in Bonding and Lewis Acidity and Basicity of the p‐Block Trispyrazolylborate Complexes
Authors: Prakash Rini , Mohamed Amina , Jemmis Eluvathingal D. , Venugopal Ajay
Published: October 2022

Hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands are a popular class of ligands to stabilize both Lewis acidic and Lewis basic main group compounds. In this work we analyze the low‐valent group 13–15 compounds of hydrotris(3,5‐dimethyl‐pyrazolyl)borate ligand, [Tp*E]x, 1–15 (E=group 13 element, x=0; E=group 14 element, x=1+ ; E=group 15 element, x=2+) based on density functional theory. A periodic increment in intrinsic Lewis acidity is observed down the group due to increased E−N bond polarization towards nitrogen, resulting in lower energy secondary binding sites. However, global Lewis acidity measures in terms of FIA and IIA indicate the dependency on the choice of the nucleophile. In general, this study underscores the potential of the Tp* ligand in stabilizing the reactive low‐valent p‐block elements.
The relationship of environmental concern with public and private pro‐environmental behaviours: A pre‐registered meta‐analysis
Authors: Lou Xiaobin , Li Liman Man Wai
Published: October 2022

Previous meta‐analyses identified a gap between environmental concern and pro‐environmental behaviours. However, the failure to differentiate these behaviours and the influence of contextual factors may limit understanding of the gap. This pre‐registered meta‐analysis evaluated the magnitudes of the correlations of environmental concern, as measured by the New Environmental Paradigm of thinking, with public and private pro‐environmental behaviours and investigated the moderating roles of sociocultural contexts. Environmental concern was found positively correlated with public pro‐environmental behaviour (k = 10, N = 4636; r = 0.27) and private pro‐environmental behaviour (k = 31, N = 20,907; r = 0.35). These two pooled correlations did not differ significantly. Institutionalization of environmental protection did not moderate these correlations, while cultural factors, including individualism, long‐term orientation, and external control, did. These findings maintain the utility of environmental concern in facilitating different pro‐environmental behaviours and highlight the lack of research attention on public pro‐environmental behaviour.
The Ethanol–Ethyl Acetate System as a Biogenic Hydrogen Carrier
Authors: Mevawala Chirag , Brooks Kriston , Bowden Mark E. , Breunig Hanna M. , Tran Ba L. , Gutiérrez Oliver Y. , Autrey Tom , Müller Karsten
Published: October 2022

Liquid organic hydrogen carriers will likely be a key element of a future hydrogen economy by enabling the storage and transport of large quantities of hydrogen. Ethanol is a liquid organic hydrogen carrier that is readily available from biological resources, which undergoes a reversible reaction to yield hydrogen and ethyl acetate. The objective of the present study is to obtain a better understanding of the thermodynamic and environmental suitability of the ethanol–ethyl acetate cycle for hydrogen storage applications. The analysis covers three aspects: thermodynamics of the chemical reaction, energy balance of the process, and a first‐order assessment of greenhouse gas emissions. Thermodynamics of the reaction are characterized by a standard Gibbs energy of reaction close to zero which allows the reaction to be shifted between hydrogenation and dehydrogenation within a moderate window of temperature and pressure conditions. The energy demand for dehydrogenation is comparatively small, resulting in an overall system efficiency of 88%. A life cycle greenhouse gas analysis over a 20‐year storage system lifetime gives a carbon intensity of 7.0 kg‐CO2eq/kg‐H2 delivered. These results indicate that the ethanol–ethyl acetate system has considerable promise as a hydrogen carrier and should be the subject of further research.
Navigating the academic ladder as an early career researcher in earth and environmental sciences
Authors: Alderson Danielle , Clarke Lucy , Schillereff Daniel , Shuttleworth Emma
Published: October 2022

There is growing concern in Higher Education around job security, work–life balance and inequalities, and early career researchers (ECRs) must make difficult trade‐offs and life choices. Literature confirms that women navigating academia face additional challenges compared to their male counterparts. Few studies connected contractual circumstances, employment priorities and their impacts on the life choices of individual academics. We report results from a survey exploring the experiences of 37 ECRs who completed PhDs in the United Kingdom (UK) navigating the academic ladder in geomorphology and earth/environmental science, and contextualize these findings by drawing on personal experiences and wider literature. We find evidence of multi‐directional pressures that have materially negative effects on individuals' life choices, including concern that academic employment is a barrier to living where and with whom one may want to. The level of precarity amongst survey respondents is stark in terms of number of years they have held fixed‐term contracts (maximum 10 years), the number of individual contracts held (maximum 14) and number of different institutions worked at (maximum six). Women respondents were less prepared to be employed on precarious contracts and put more emphasis on job security when applying for academic posts, with men being generally more satisfied by financial aspects of university employment; which will amplify the leaky pipeline and gender gaps at more senior levels. We also find that perceived institutional prestige was a surprisingly low priority for the majority of respondents, and there were notable divergences between career advice given by more senior colleagues and the priorities of ECRs seeking guidance. We put forward a set of key considerations: improving policies on parental leave and flexible working; formalizing and improving mentorship; more considerate recruitment procedures; reducing contract precarity; and, transparency on pay and promotion. We believe these are within the scope of action by departments, laboratories and research groups.
The purification and identification of antioxidants and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides from whey protein hydrolysates
Authors: Yuanrong Zheng , Jiakun Pang , Zhenmin Liu
Published: October 2022

In the present study, whey protein was enzymatically hydrolyzed using an ultrahigh‐pressure synergistic enzymolysis method. The antioxidant activities and DPP‐IV inhibitory activities of the enzymatic hydrolysates were measured. Three‐layer isolation and purification were conducted on the enzymatic hydrolysates with antioxidant activity and DPP‐IV inhibitory activity by gel filtration chromatography and RP‐HPLC. The amino acid sequences were determined by LC‐MS/MS. The identified amino acid sequences were then synthesized, and their antioxidants and DPP‐IV inhibitory activities were determined. The results showed that 3 of the 14 polypeptides of N3‐8 exhibited high antioxidant activity. Among them, peptide DDQNPHSSN had both high antioxidant activity and DPP‐IV inhibitory activity. When the concentration was 1 mg/mL, then the ABTS radical scavenging rate, DPPH radical scavenging rate and reducing power were prominent, reaching 91.42%, 88.76%, and 0.637%, respectively, and DPP‐IV inhibitory activity reached 66.28%. Whey protease hydrolysates are expected to be commercially developed as functional peptides.
Liver Metastasis Modulate Responses of Suppressive Macrophages and Exhausted T Cells to Immunotherapy Revealed by Single Cell Sequencing
Authors: Zhang Qiming , Liu Siyuan , Liu Yedan , Bhatt Dev , Estrada Juan , Belmontes Brian , Ren Xianwen , Canon Jude , Ouyang Wenjun
Published: October 2022

Liver metastasis is associated with immunotherapy resistance, although the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. By applying single cell RNA‐sequencing to a concurrent subcutaneous and liver tumor murine model to recapitulate liver metastases, it is identified that subsets within tumor‐infiltrating exhausted CD8+ T (Tex) cells and immunosuppressive tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) display opposite responses to concurrent liver tumors and anti‐PD‐1 treatment, suggesting a complex immune regulating network. Both angiogenic and interferon‐reactive TAMs show increased frequencies in implanted liver tumors, and anti‐PD‐1 treatment further elevates the frequencies of angiogenic TAMs. Such TAMs frequencies negatively correlate with the proportions of cytotoxic T cell subsets. Further, expression of interferon‐stimulated genes in TAMs is dramatically reduced under effective anti‐PD‐1 treatment, while such tendencies are diminished in mice with implanted liver tumors. Therefore, the study indicates that liver metastases could increase immunosuppressive TAMs frequencies and inhibit Tex responses to PD‐1 blockade, resulting in compromised systemic antitumor immunity and limited immunotherapy efficacy.
Endocannabinoid signaling in microglia
Authors: Marinelli Sara , Marrone Maria Cristina , Di Domenico Marina , Marinelli Silvia
Published: October 2022

Microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), execute their sentinel, housekeeping and defense functions through a panoply of genes, receptors and released cytokines, chemokines and neurotrophic factors. Moreover, microglia functions are closely linked to the constant communication with other cell types, among them neurons. Depending on the signaling pathway and type of stimuli involved, the outcome of microglia operation can be neuroprotective or neurodegenerative. Accordingly, microglia are increasingly becoming considered cellular targets for therapeutic intervention. Among signals controlling microglia activity, the endocannabinoid (EC) system has been shown to exert a neuroprotective role in many neurological diseases. Like neurons, microglia express functional EC receptors and can produce and degrade ECs. Interestingly, boosting EC signaling leads to an anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective microglia phenotype. Nonetheless, little evidence is available on the microglia‐mediated therapeutic effects of EC compounds. This review focuses on the EC signals acting on the CNS microglia in physiological and pathological conditions, namely on the CB1R, CB2R and TRPV1‐mediated regulation of microglia properties. It also provides new evidence, which strengthens the understanding of mechanisms underlying the control of microglia functions by ECs. Given the broad expression of the EC system in glial and neuronal cells, the resulting picture is the need for in vivo studies in transgenic mouse models to dissect the contribution of EC microglia signaling in the neuroprotective effects of EC‐derived compounds.
Xenotransplantation—reflections on the bioethics
Authors: Zhai Xiaomei
Published: October 2022

Background

Similar to most countries in the world, China has a severe shortage of human organs, and this is one of the main issues restricting the application of organ transplantation technology. In 2019 alone, only 19,454 (23.90%) of the 81,410 people waiting were able to receive organ transplants. There is an increasing focus from both the medical profession and society on how to fill the gap between supply and demand.

Methods

Xenotransplantation using animal organs is being considered as one option to make up for the shortage of human organs for transplantation. For some years now, the international medical community has been examining the possibility of using animal organs for human transplant. However, the research has faced two important types of challenges: scientific and ethical issues.

Results

In January 2021, the first clinical trial of transgenic pig heart transplantation into a human recipient was completed by the Medical Center of the University of Maryland in the United States. This has stimulated enthusiasm and interest in xenotransplantation.

Conclusions

The trend towards xenotransplantation has highlighted global problems such as the severe shortage of organ transplant donors and the high cost of organ transplantation. China needs to consider how to cope with the scientific, public health, and social ethics challenges of xenotransplantation clinical trials.
Role of immune‐inflamed phenotype in the prognosis of hypopharyngeal carcinoma following primary surgery
Authors: Chen Renhui , Cai Qian , Lin Peiliang , Liang Faya , Han Ping , Zhang Long , Song Pan , Zhang Tingzhen , Huang Xiaoming
Published: October 2022

Background

The immune profile in primary resected hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) and its prognostic value remain to be defined.

Methods

We enrolled 100 patients with HPSCC underwent primary surgical resection at our department. HPSCC samples were examined using immunohistochemistry for the expressions of CD8, Foxp3, CD163, CD66B, programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1), and interferon (IFN)‐γ. The immune pattern of the tumor microenvironment (TME) was discriminated into inflamed and non‐inflamed tumors based on the presence or absence of parenchymal CD8+ T cells.

Results

We found that 74% of HPSCC cases in our cohort were characterized by an immune‐inflamed TME. Immune‐inflamed patterns demonstrated an inferior survival with a significantly increased density of CD163+ tumor‐associated macrophages and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Additionally, the inflamed tumor showed increased expression of PD‐L1, without IFN‐γ upregulation.

Conclusions

The immune‐inflamed pattern is the predominant preexisting immune phenotype in HPSCC and demonstrates immunosuppressive immune cell recruitment.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck: Patterns of recurrence and implications for intensity‐modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Gao Robert W. , Routman David M. , Harmsen William S. , Ebrahimi Sasha , Foote Robert L. , Ma Daniel J. , Neben‐Wittich Michelle , McGee Lisa A. , Patel Samir H. , Moore Eric J. , Choby Garret W. , Tasche Kendall K. , Price Katharine A. , Gamez Mauricio E. , Lester Scott C.
Published: October 2022

Background

We seek to inform radiotherapy (RT) delivery for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck (ACC) by evaluating RT techniques and recurrence patterns.

Methods

We identified patients with ACC treated with curative‐intent RT from 2005 to 2021. Imaging was reviewed to determine local recurrence (LR).

Results

Ninety‐one patients were included. The 5‐year LR risk was 12.2% (6.6–22.7). One patient each experienced a marginal and out‐of‐field recurrence. Patients receiving >60 Gy postoperatively had a 5‐year LR risk of 0% compared to 10.7% (4.2–27.2) with ≤60 Gy. Those receiving 70 and <70 Gy definitively had a 5‐year LR risk of 15.2% (2.5–91.6) and 33.3% (6.7–100.0), respectively. No patients had regional nodal failure.

Conclusions

Modern, conformal RT for ACC results in low rates of LR. Doses >60 and 70 Gy may improve control in the postoperative and definitive settings, respectively. Elective nodal treatment can be omitted in well‐selected patients.
HCV direct acting antiviral treatment leads to highly durable rates of ALT and AST lower than 30/19 criteria and improved APRI and FIB‐4 scores
Authors: Huynh Tung , Ma Stephanie , Hu Ke‐Qin
Published: October 2022

Direct acting antiviral treatment (DAA) has been the standard of care for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but its long‐term benefits in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) improvement and hepatic fibrosis assessed by aspartate aminotransferase–to–platelet ratio index (APRI) and Fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4) scores remain unknown. The purpose of the present study was to assess DAA's long‐term benefits, including frequencies of posttreatment week 96 ALT/AST < 30 (males)/19 (females) (<30/19), improvement of APRI and FIB‐4 scores, and the associated factors. This was a single‐center, retrospective study on 157 patients with HCV with DAA‐mediated sustained virological response (SVR) 12. At posttreatment week (post‐Rx wk) 96, 75.4% had ALT < 30/19; 62.7%, AST < 30/19; and 60.1%, both ALT/AST < 30/19. ALT/AST < 30/19 at post‐Rx wk 96 was associated with ALT/AST < 30/19 at post‐Rx wk 12 (p = 0.026), independently of Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh < 6 (p = 0.862), platelets ≤ 120 × 109/L (p = 0.343). Improvement rates of APRI < 0.5 and FIB‐4 < 1.45 from baseline to post‐Rx wk 96 were from 30.9% to 80.5%, and from 23% to 37.8%, respectively. Both APRI and FIB‐4 improvement was associated with both ALT/AST < 30 (males)/19 (females) at post‐Rx wk 12 (p = 0.012 and 0.011, respectively). Conclusion: The present study showed that DAA‐mediated SVR12 in patients with HCV resulted in (1) high and durable rates of ALT (75.4%), AST (62.7%), and both ALT/AST (60.1%) < 30/19, and (2) high rates of APRI < 0.5 (80.5%) and FIB‐4 < 1.45 (37.8%) at post‐Rx wk 96, demonstrated clinical value of ALT/AST < 30/19 and excellent long‐term outcomes of DAA‐mediated SVR12 in these patients.
Performance of first‐trimester ultrasound in detection of structural abnormalities in Indian women: A prospective observational study
Authors: Singh Chanchal , Shahnaz Gazala , Dagar Savita , Shastri Aditi , Kurana Deeksha , Thakur Seema
Published: October 2022

Synopsis

First‐trimester screening is an invaluable opportunity for early identification of fetal structural defects irrespective of maternal body mass index.
Vesicocutaneous fistula due to vesical diverticulitis with stones: A case report and literature review
Authors: Akatsuka Jun , Suzuki Kyota , Ikuma Shunsuke , Yanagi Masato , Endo Yuki , Takeda Hayato , Toyama Yuka , Dohi Teruyuki , Kimura Go , Kondo Yukihiro
Published: October 2022

Introduction

We encountered an extremely rare case of a vesicocutaneous fistula due to vesical diverticulitis with stones.

Case presentation

A 78‐year‐old male patient presented to our department with complaints of suppurative discharge in the suprapubic area. Computed tomography revealed an enlarged prostate, a vesical diverticulum with stones located on the ventral side, and an aberrant connection between the anterior bladder wall and the external surface of the skin. The patient was diagnosed with a vesicocutaneous fistula due to vesical diverticulitis and was successfully treated with a multidisciplinary approach including vesical diverticulectomy with stone removal and nonviable tissue debridement. The patient continues to receive regular outpatient follow‐ups with urinary catheter changes.

Conclusion

Vesicocutaneous fistulas due to vesical diverticulitis with stones are extremely rare. We should be aware that a vesical diverticulum with stones located on the ventral side might pose a high‐risk factor for the formation of a vesicocutaneous fistula in elderly patients.
Sonographic features of secondary involvement of skin and subcutaneous tissues by hematologic malignancies
Authors: Lyu Heng , Chen Xiang Mei , Yu Guang Yin , Wang Hong Jin , Sun De Sheng , Shi Yu , Xie Hai Qin
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the sonographic features of secondary involvement of skin and subcutaneous tissues by hematologic malignancies.

Methods

A review of the ultrasound and pathology databases yielded 10 cases with 13 skin and subcutaneous tissue lesions secondary to hematologic neoplasms, which were confirmed by pathology. We used ultrasound to assess the number, location, size, depth of involvement, echogenicity, and vascularity of the lesions.

Results

The study involved five male and five female patients, including four leukemia, two multiple myeloma, and four lymphoma patients. The average age was 45 years (17–66 years). Three patients presented with one lesion, four with two lesions, and three with more than two lesions. All the lesions were located in the trunk and extremities. The lesions ranged from 1.2 to 8.3 cm in size. A total of 10 lesions involved subcutaneous fat tissue. A total of 10 lesions displayed hypoechoic foci within a hyperechoic background, and three appeared hypoechoic, and most of them exhibited abundant vascularity (12 of 13 lesions).

Conclusions

Secondary involvement of skin and subcutaneous tissues by hematologic malignancies often present with multiple palpable masses showing the following ultrasound features: (1) subcutaneous fat infiltration, (2) hypoechoic foci with a hyperechoic background, and (3) abundant vascularity.
Global characterization of chemical compounds in Shidan granule and their metabolites in rat plasma using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Hu Wei , Wang Min , Gu Yi , Li Huan , Xu Tingting , An Zhentao , Tian Yaozhou , Xi Zhaohong
Published: October 2022

Shidan granule is an in‐hospital traditional Chinese medicine prescription with obvious clinical effects in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis. Characterizing the compounds of Shidan granule and exploring the absorbed prototype constituents and metabolites in the blood is significant to understand its effective compounds. In this work, a reliable approach based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was performed for systematic analysis of chemical substances of Shidan granule and their metabolites in rat plasma. The compounds were rapidly characterized using integrated filtering methods, including mass defect filtering, neutral loss filtering, and diagnostic fragment ions filtering. As a result, 87 compounds were tentatively or unambiguously characterized. In rat plasma, a total of 79 components, including 21 prototype constituents and 58 metabolites, were preliminarily determined. And flavonoids‐related, phenolic acids‐related, saponins‐related and terpenoids‐related compounds were the main precursors of these metabolites. Phase I reactions (methylation, demethylation, hydroxylation, hydrogenation, and oxidation) and phase II reactions (glucuronidation, glucosidation, and sulfation) were observed as the major metabolic pathways of Shidan granule. It is the first comprehensive study on the metabolism of Shidan granule in vivo, which could offer a solid scientific basis for exploring the multiple effects and therapeutic mechanisms of Shidan granule.
Facile Catalyst‐Free Approach toward Fully Biobased Reprocessable Lignin Thermosets
Authors: Buzoglu Kurnaz Leman , Bension Yishayah , Tang Chuanbing
Published: October 2022

Reprocessable and biobased thermosets are prepared from two renewable feedstocks, lignin and polyamine (Priamine 1071). Lignin is oxidized to produce polycarbonyl and further reacts with polyamine to form a crosslinked network of imines. The thermoset materials are formed under heat and pressure in the absence of any catalysts. The mechanical strength and thermal properties of thermosets are tunable by changing feedstock ratios. The dynamic imine crosslinks can be associatively reformed.
NBR/CR‐Based High‐Damping Rubber Composites Containing Multiscale Structures for Tailoring Sound Insulation
Authors: Zeng Xiankui , Li Gaowei , Zhu Jinmei , Sain Mohini , Jian Ranran
Published: October 2022

High‐damping acoustic composites with unique sound insulation feature is reported, demonstrating surprisingly stable soundproof properties over a wide bandwidth of frequency (63–6300 Hz) with good mechanical properties. The extraordinary acoustic properties are attributed to the multiscale synergy of lamellar and hollow structures by multifillers adding. The acoustic composites are designed and fabricated through a low‐temperature one‐time rubber mixing process using nitrile butadiene rubber(NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR) as matrix and mica powder (MP), hollow glass beads (HGB), and montmorillonite (MMT) as multifillers. The soundproof mechanism is discussed in detail. Results indicate that the synergism of damping and sound absorption behaviors in the composition has a considerable impact on the acoustic characteristics, which can be controlled by the blending ratio of NBR/CR matrixes and the multiscale structures of MP/HGB/MMT multifillers. The designed multifillers acoustic composites can adapt to broadband engineering noise control including walls in express train constructions, panels of vessel or aircraft cabins, and large transportation pipelines.
A Homogenous, Photocrosslinkable Poly(dimethylsiloxane‐co‐methylvinylsiloxane) Solution in an Acrylate Monomer
Authors: Park Seung Koo , Park Bong Je , Shin Eun Jin , Choi Meejeong , Park Suntak , Shin Hyung Cheol
Published: October 2022

In this study, a simple photocuring method is proposed for preparing PDMS elastomers using a homogenous poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) solution in tert‐butyl acrylate (tBA) as an alternative way of mechanically blending two kinds of PDMS respectively containing vinyl and hydridosilyl groups over a platinum catalyst. Poly(dimethylsiloxane‐co‐methylvinylsiloxane) (PDMSc) with 30 mol% of vinyl moieties is synthesized. The functionalized PDMS is estimated to be soluble in tBA from theoretical calculations of solubility parameters of PDMS and several liquid monomers. The PDMS solution is satisfactorily photocured under a conventional photoinitiator. Initial modulus and strain of the photocured films increase from 144 to 552 MPa and decrease from 3.96 to 1.84, respectively, as the tBA content rises from 5 to 30 wt%. They are extremely transparent in a visible region (T > 94%) regardless of the amount of tBA. The unreacted vinyl groups in PDMSc are inter‐ or intrareacted near 200 °C and γ‐hydrogen transfer reactions from the tert‐butyl groups in poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) occur over 250 °C. One of the photocrosslinked films exhibits outstanding performance as an electroactive polymer in application. In essence, this study will initiate a new methodological research into provision of PDMS elastomers using an easily formulated photocrosslinkable PDMS solution.
Virtual is so real! Consumers' evaluation of product packaging in virtual reality
Authors: Branca Generoso , Resciniti Riccardo , Loureiro Sandra Maria Correia
Published: October 2022

Virtual Reality (VR) is shaping all human activities, and with the advent of the metaverse, buyers are going to experience new ways of doing shopping. What would happen if consumers will be asked to assess a product's attribute, i.e., packaging, in a virtual environment, instead of being able to physically hold the product, like in a traditional purchasing process? The aim of this study is to analyze consumers' evaluation of packaged products in immersive VR, manipulating packaging structural and haptic cues, and clarify potential differences with the consumers' responses in the real life. We conducted two focus groups (Study 1), with 16 participants, a mixed design experiment (Study 2), involving 167 consumers, to analyze consumers' attitudes, and a choice‐based conjoint analysis (Study 3), with 41 individuals, to study actual choice behavior. The main findings reveal that consumer behavior in VR is consistent with everyday life, except for minor variations. VR proves to be an efficient and rigorous research environment, also suitable for testing sensory cues and non‐tangible attributes. Finally, the article suggests managers can effectively use VR for product and packaging development, through a more sustainable process that requires fewer resources and time compared to traditional tests.
Autophagy in non–immune‐mediated rhabdomyolysis: Assessment of p62 immunohistochemistry
Authors: Acosta Ignacio Javier , Stenzel Werner , Hofer Monika , Brady Stefen
Published: October 2022

Introduction/Aims

p62 immunochemistry (IHC) has been shown to aid diagnosis with distinct patterns of muscle fiber staining observed in some inflammatory, hereditary, and degenerative myopathies, such as immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). The pattern of p62 staining may help narrow the pathological differential diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. However, there is a lack of information on the pattern of p62 IHC in non–immune‐mediated rhabdomyolysis. In this study we aim to describe histopathological findings in non–immune‐mediated rhabdomyolysis, with particular emphasis on the pattern of p62 IHC.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the histopathological features of patients with a confirmed diagnoses of non–immune‐mediated rhabdomyolysis referred to our center.

Results

Five patients were identified. Rhabdomyolysis was determined to be due to statin‐associated toxicity in three patients, alcohol overuse in one patient, and intensive exercise in one patient. All patients showed increased numbers of necrotic and regenerating muscle fibers. Diffuse and finely granular sarcoplasmic positive p62 staining was present in scattered non‐necrotic muscle fibers in all patients.

Discussion

Disturbance of autophagy appears to be a common mechanism in non–immune‐mediated rhabdomyolysis. Our results show p62 IHC is sensitive but lacks specificity. Therefore, the pattern of p62 staining does not distinguish non–immune‐mediated rhabdomyolysis from histopathologically similar IMNM.
Association between attachment and hoarding behavior: Mediation of anthropomorphism and moderation of hoarding beliefs among Chinese adolescents
Authors: Liu Xueting , Cai Ying , Tao Yanqiang , Hou Wenxin , Niu Haiqun , Liu Xiaoyan , Xie Tong , Li Yuting
Published: October 2022

The impact of insecure attachment on hoarding behavior (HB) has been supported by empirical evidence. However, scant literature has focused on how anthropomorphism (attributing human‐like traits, characteristics, or emotions to nonhuman objects) and hoarding beliefs (motivations for ownership) affect the relationship between insecure attachment and HB, especially among Chinese adolescents. Using a cross‐sectional study, we reserved 903 participants (561 males, 342 females, M = 20.20, SD = 1.85, age range = 18–24 years) to complete self‐report questionnaires about close relationships, anthropomorphism, saving beliefs, and saving inventory to investigate the mediating role of anthropomorphism and the moderating role of hoarding beliefs in the relationship between insecure attachment and HB. Attachment anxiety and avoidance had a positive relationship with HB, and anthropomorphism is a mediating factor in the association between attachment anxiety and HB. In addition, hoarding beliefs moderated the relationship between attachment anxiety and HB. This study further elaborated on the relationships between insecure attachment, anthropomorphism, hoarding beliefs, and HB, which might shed some light on adolescent clinical interventions.
Development and validation of case‐finding algorithms to identify acute pancreatitis in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Wang Louise L. , Dobkin Jane , Salgado Sanjay , Kaplan David E. , Yang Yu‐Xiao
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a frequently encountered adverse drug reaction. However, the validity of diagnostic codes for AP is unknown. We aimed to determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of a diagnostic code‐based algorithm for identifying patients with AP within the US Veterans Health Administration and evaluate the value of adding readily available structured laboratory information.

Methods

We identified patients with possible AP events first based on the presence of a single hospital discharge ICD‐9 or ICD‐10 diagnosis of AP (Algorithm 1). We then expanded Algorithm 1 by including relevant laboratory test results (Algorithm 2). Specifically, we considered amylase or lipase serum values obtained between 2 days before admission and the end of the hospitalization. Medical records of a random sample of patients identified by the respective algorithms were reviewed by two separate gastroenterologists to adjudicate AP events. The PPV (95% confidence interval [CI]) for the algorithms were calculated.

Results

Algorithm 2, consisting of one ICD‐9 or ICD‐10 hospital discharge diagnosis of AP and the addition of lipase serum value ≥200 U/L, had a PPV 89.1% (95% CI 83.0%–95.2%), improving from the PPV of algorithm 1 (57.9% [95% CI 46.8–69.0]).

Conclusions

An algorithm consisting of an ICD‐9 or ICD‐10 diagnosis of AP with a lipase value ≥200 U/L achieved high PPV. This simple algorithm can be readily implemented in any electronic health records (EHR) systems and could be useful for future pharmacoepidemiologic studies on AP.
GRIN pad polishing
Authors: Fähnle Oliver , Kern Kerstin , Allaart Jan , Surberg Henrik , Bliedtner Jens , Schulze Christian , Henkel Sebastian , Heineck Volker , Bode Jürgen , Wagner Michael
Published: October 2022

A new concept for CNC polishing pads is given by the gradient index (GRIN) pad polishing tools. Instead of gluing polishing foils as a layer onto metallic tool holders that have the spherical surface to be polished, 3D‐printed GRIN pads are applied directly to the CNC tool axis.
Positionality in Information Studies Research of Visuality: Ethical and Epistemological Considerations
Authors: Lischer‐Katz Zack , Haines Jelina , Vamanu Iulian
Published: October 2022

This panel, co‐sponsored by ASIS&T SIG‐VIS (Visualization, Images, & Sound) and SIG‐DL (Digital Libraries), has two purposes. First, it briefly discusses panelists' recent research projects on visual forms of knowledge production and documentation. Their approaches involve collecting visual forms of data or studying contexts in which information practices involve visual information formats or regimes of graphical information creation. Second, this panel draws attention to the importance of dialogic engagement and acknowledgment of the role of the embodied researcher as a critical methodological agent in generating research data related to visual practices. This central role of the researcher in visual research foregrounds ethical and epistemological aspects of their positionality. In particular, panelists will discuss the ethical challenges of information studies research that involves Indigenous knowledge communities. This panel will engage the audience in a discussion on the role played by a researcher's positionality in shaping qualitative information research methodologies and will discuss how the generation of visual forms of data and the study of visual information practices pose particular challenges for information studies research.
Game Development as Speculative Design: Teaching Data Science Ethics Using Decentralized Research Groups
Authors: Byun Mimi , Evans Sarah , Herman Bernease , Aragon Cecilia , Rojas‐Ponce Diana
Published: October 2022

This exploratory study investigates the use of game development as a speculative activity to teach data science ethics incorporating the Directed Research Groups (DRG) format, that decentralizes classroom dynamics, emulates real‐life working environments, and offers students creative choices driven by their own interests. This DRG focuses on creating a video game addressing an ethical issue in data science. Working in groups of peers from diverse backgrounds and education allows for multiple meanings to occur in a team‐based learning environment. This enriches the students' engagement with the material and by creating video games that have an impact on these social issues, itt also grounds their role as an active change agent for a future they envision.
A Preliminary Analysis of Geography of Collaboration in Data Papers by S&T Capacity Index
Authors: Chen Pei‐Ying , Li Kai , Jiao Chenyue
Published: October 2022

Geography is one of the defining factors in scientific collaboration. Despite the voluminous evidence for how geographical proximity shapes the formation of collaboration in research articles, it has been rarely examined in the emerging genre of data papers, one that describes research data and has enjoyed growing attention in the data‐driven paradigm of research. This poster presents preliminary findings from our project that aims to evaluate the geographical dynamics behind the production of data papers. We analyze how researchers from different countries collaborate with one another using 6,821 data papers published in Scientific Data and Data in Brief between 2014 and 2020. We found that data papers rely heavily upon domestic collaboration and the collaboration pattern largely mirrors that of research articles, although some distinctiveness was also observed. We discuss future work in conclusion, with the ultimate goal of opening a more meaningful conversation about the relationship between the data‐driven paradigm and knowledge production.
Predicting Search Task Difficulty through a Discrete‐Time Action Log Representation on Spectrum Kernel
Authors: Gacitúa Daniel , González‐Ibáñez Roberto
Published: October 2022

Predicting perceived difficulty on a web search task is an open problem in the interactive information retrieval field. A common approach to tackle it, is through features obtained from full search sessions, which are then used to train classification models. In this poster we attempt to predict perceived task difficulty at different stages of the search process. To do so, we use the spectrum kernel for support vector machine (SVM) classification. Our preliminary results suggest that by using behavioral data from the first query segment, it is possible to provide timely classifications of whether a search task is perceived as hard or easy.
Sustainable Development Goals and Public Libraries: An Exploratory Study in a Developing Country
Authors: Islam Md. Anwarul , Sultana Rafia , Widen Gunilla
Published: October 2022

The objectives of this study is to investigate how public libraries in Bangladesh work to achieve some of the UN SDGs and the strategies they adopt to work in line with the mission of UNSDGs. Data were gathered from 59 public librarians working in public libraries of Bangladesh who provided qualitative answers to three open‐ended questions in a survey questionnaire. SDG#1, 2, 3, 4 and 17 are the areas where public libraries are doing well and summarized their opinions how public libraries can do well further for other goals. Finally, authors put some recommendations to achieve other goals as well.
Revisiting Connotations of Digital Humanists: Exploratory Interviews
Authors: Ma Rongqian
Published: October 2022

This ongoing study revisits the connotations of “digital humanists” and explores the reasons why a researcher does or does not self‐identify as a digital humanist. Building on semi‐structured interview data collected from fourteen researchers and practitioners engaging in digital humanities (DH) projects, this poster illustrates researchers' various understandings of “digital humanist” as a term and research identity and highlights the complexity of “digital humanists” as a research community. This study contributes to DH scholarship with insights into the collective imaginations of the “digital humanist” as a research community one decade after the early attempts. Findings of this research study also facilitate a more thorough, timely, and dynamic discussion of the major workforce in digital humanities, potentially paving the way for future research on labor and collaboration in the DH research domain.
Give or Take?: Conceptualizations of Data and Its Creation in Information Science
Authors: Ridenour Laura , Moulaison‐Sandy Heather
Published: October 2022

In information science, what data itself is, how it is defined, and the distinctions between data and information are unclear, yet data is a foundational construct at the heart of the research enterprise. This poster probes the question of how data is conceptualized in information science through an analysis of works by Jonathan Furner, Birger Hjørland, and Michael Buckland, who have contributed substantially to this critical issue. It finds that notions of the nature of data vary widely, and are often contradictory. Complexities are identified in the approach to data as both documents and as records. In the process of this analysis, it identifies the essential question of whether [research] data is given or taken: Is data found/identified by the researcher, or is it created? Arguments for both approaches are fleshed out, providing a basis for further work in information science in this essential space.