bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pollenallergie gegen Ambrosia: Belastungen, Merkmale und Umgang mit einem importierten Allergieverursacher in Europa
Authors: Traidl-Hoffmann Claudia
Published: April 2019

Ambrosia artemisiifolia, also known as common or short ragweed, is an invasive annual flowering herbaceous plant that has its origin in North America. Nowadays, ragweed can be found in many areas worldwide. Ragweed pollen is known for its high potential to cause type I allergic reactions in late summer and autumn and represents a major health problem in America and several countries in Europe. Climate change and urbanization, as well as long distance transport capacity, enhance the spread of ragweed pollen. Therefore ragweed is becoming domestic in non-invaded areas which in turn will increase the sensitization rate. So far 11 ragweed allergens have been described and, according to IgE reactivity, Amb a 1 and Amb a 11 seem to be major allergens. Sensitization rates of the other allergens vary between 10 and 50%. Most of the allergens have already been recombinantly produced, but most of them have not been characterized regarding their allergenic activity, therefore no conclusion on the clinical relevance of all the allergens can be made, which is important and necessary for an accurate diagnosis. Pharmacotherapy is the most common treatment for ragweed pollen allergy but fails to impact on the course of allergy. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only causative and disease-modifying treatment of allergy with long-lasting effects, but currently it is based on the administration of ragweed pollen extract or Amb a 1 only. In order to improve ragweed pollen AIT, new strategies are required with higher efficacy and safety.
Merkmale von Lungenkrebs bei Patienten mit idiopathischer Lungenfibrose und interstitieller Lungenerkrankung
Authors: Drakopanagiotakis Fotios , Günther Andreas
Published: April 2019

Background: Lung Cancer is occasionally observed in patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). We sought to describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of lung cancer for patients with IPF and other interstitial lung disease (ILD) using institutional and statewide data registries. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of IPF and non-IPF ILD patients from the ILD center registry, to compare with lung cancer registries at the University of Pittsburgh as well as with population data of lung cancer obtained from Pennsylvania Department of Health between 2000 and 2015. Results: Among 1108 IPF patients, 31 patients were identified with IPF and lung cancer. The age-adjusted standard incidence ratio of lung cancer was 3.34 (with IPF) and 2.3 (with non-IPF ILD) (between-group Hazard ratio = 1.4, p = 0.3). Lung cancer worsened the mortality of IPF (p  <  0.001). Lung cancer with IPF had higher mortality compared to lung cancer in non-IPF ILD (Hazard ratio = 6.2, p = 0.001). Lung cancer among IPF was characterized by a predilection for lower lobes (63% vs. 26% in non-IPF lung cancer, p  <  0.001) and by squamous cell histology (41% vs. 29%, p = 0.07). Increased incidence of lung cancer was observed among single lung transplant (SLT) recipients for IPF (13 out of 97, 13.4%), with increased mortality compared to SLT for IPF without lung cancer (p = 0.028) during observational period. Conclusions: Lung cancer is approximately 3.34 times more frequently diagnosed in IPF patients compared to general population, and associated with worse prognosis compared with IPF without lung cancer, with squamous cell carcinoma and lower lobe predilection. The causality between non-smoking IPF patients and lung cancer is to be determined.
Incident Mobility Disability, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Mortality in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Yu Lei , Boyle Patricia A. , Leurgans Sue E. , Wilson Robert S. , Bennett David A. , Buchman Aron S.
Published: April 2019

Background/Aims: Mobility disability and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are common in aging and both are associated with risk of death. This study tested the hypothesis that risk of death differs by the order in which mobility disability and MCI occurred. Methods: One thousand two hundred and sixty-two community-dwelling older adults were unimpaired at baseline and followed annually. Mobility disability was based on measured gait speed, and MCI was based on cognitive performance tests. A multistate Cox model simultaneously examined incidences of mobility disability and MCI to determine whether the order of their occurrence is differentially associated with risk of death. Results: The average age was 75.3 years and 70% were female. While mobility disability occurred more frequently than incident MCI, the subsequent risk of death was higher in participants who developed MCI alone compared to those who developed mobility disability alone (hazard ratio [HR] 1.70, p = 0.018). Of the participants who initially developed mobility disability, about half subsequently developed MCI that doubled their risk of death (HR 2.17, p < 0.001). By contrast, over two-third who developed MCI subsequently developed mobility disability, which did not further increase their risk of death. Conclusion: Mobility disability occurs more frequently in community-dwelling older adults, but MCI is more strongly associated with mortality.
Proteasome Levels and Activity in Pregnancies Complicated by Severe Preeclampsia and Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, and Thrombocytopenia (HELLP) Syndrome
Authors: Berryman Kathryn , Buhimschi Catalin S. , Zhao Guomao , Axe Michelle , Locke Megan , Buhimschi Irina A.
Published: April 2019

Excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins was recently demonstrated in preeclampsia. We examined levels and activity of circulatory proteasome and immunoproteasome (inflammatory subtype) in preeclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and thrombocytopenia (HELLP) syndrome. We analyzed samples from women with hypertensive pregnancy disorders (n=115), including preeclampsia with severe features (sPE) and HELLP syndrome, and normotensive controls (n=45). Plasma proteasome and immunoproteasome immunoreactivity were determined by quantifying the α-subunit of the 20S core and β5i (proteasome subunit beta 8 [PSMB8]), respectively. Plasma proteasome activity was analyzed with fluorogenic substrates. MG132, lactacystin, and ONX0914 were used to inhibit the circulating proteasome and immunoproteasome, respectively. Plasma cytokine profiles were evaluated by multiplex immunoassay. Placental expression of β5 (constitutive proteasome) and β5i (immunoproteasome) was interrogated by immunohistochemistry. Women with sPE had increased plasma 20S levels (
P
<0.001) and elevated lytic activities (chymotrypsin-like 7-fold, caspase-like 4.2-fold, trypsin-like 2.2-fold;
P
<0.001 for all) compared with pregnant controls. Women with features of HELLP displayed the highest plasma proteasome levels and activity, which correlated with decreased IFN-γ (interferon-γ), and increased IL (interleukin)-8 and IL-10. In sPE and HELLP, chymotrypsin-like activity was suppressed by proteasome inhibitors including ONX0914. Compared with gestational age-matched controls, sPE placentas harbored increased β5 and β5i immunostaining in trophoblasts. β5i signal was elevated in HELLP with predominant staining in villous core, extravillous trophoblasts in placental islands, and extracellular vesicles in intervillous spaces. Pregnancy represents a state of increased proteostatic stress. sPE and HELLP were characterized by significant upregulation in circulating levels and lytic activity of the proteasome that was partially explained by placental immunoproteasome upregulation.
Serum MicroRNA-Based Risk Prediction for Stroke
Authors: Sonoda Takumi , Matsuzaki Juntaro , Yamamoto Yusuke , Sakurai Takashi , Aoki Yoshiaki , Takizawa Satoko , Niida Shumpei , Ochiya Takahiro
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose—

Numerous studies have shown that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can be used as noninvasive biomarkers of various diseases. This study aimed to identify serum miRNAs that predict the risk of stroke.

Methods—

The cases were individuals who had been diagnosed with cerebrovascular disorder by brain imaging. The controls were individuals with no history of stroke who had undergone a medical checkup. Serum miRNA profiling was performed for all participants using microarray analysis. Samples were divided into discovery, training, and validation sets. In the discovery set, which consisted of control samples only, serum miRNAs that correlated with the predicted risk of stroke, as calculated using 7 clinical risk factors, were identified by Pearson correlation analysis. In the training set, a discriminant model between cases and controls was constructed using the identified miRNAs, Fisher linear discrimination model with leave-one-out cross-validation and DeLong test. In the validation set, the predictive accuracy of the constructed model was calculated.

Results—

First, in 1523 control samples (discovery set), we identified 10 miRNAs that correlated with a predicted risk of stroke. Second, in 45 controls and 87 cases (training set), we identified 7 of 10 miRNAs that significantly associated with cerebrovascular disorder (miR-1228-5p, miR-1268a, miR-1268b, miR-4433b-3p, miR-6090, miR-6752-5p, and miR-6803-5p). Third, a 3-miRNA combination model (miR-1268b, miR-4433b-3p, and miR-6803-5p) was constructed in the training set with a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 98%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.92–0.98). Finally, in 45 controls and 86 cases (validation set), the 3-miRNA model achieved a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 82%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.83–0.95) for cerebrovascular disorder.

Conclusions—

We identified 7 serum miRNAs that could predict the risk of cerebrovascular disorder before the onset of stroke.
The Secret War of Intelligence: The Mysterious Mission of “Jack Strong” and its Impact on the Cold War in the 1970s and 1980s
Authors: Żuk Piotr
Published: April 2019

For nearly a decade, a colonel on the Polish General Staff, Ryszard Kukliński, provided invaluable information about Soviet and Warsaw Pact military activities to the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) under the codename “Jack Strong.” Along with Soviet Colonel Oleg Penkovsky, who cooperated with the CIA in the late 1950s and early1960s until he was arrested and executed by the Soviet regime, Kukliński has gone down in history as one of the most valuable U.S. intelligence sources in Eastern Europe during the Cold War. This essay examines Kukliński's case in light of three recent Polish-language books written from divergent perspectives.
New eremaeozetid mites (Acari: Oribatida: Eremaeozetoidea) from the south-western Pacific region and the taxonomic status of the Eremaeozetidae and Idiozetidae
Authors: COLLOFF MATTHEW J.
Published: April 2019

Four new species of Eremaeozetidae are described from Australia: Eremaeozetes schatzi sp. nov. and E. darwinensis sp.nov. from the Northern Territory; E. malleensis sp. nov. from South Australia, and Rogerzetes samueli sp. nov. fromNorfolk Island. Eremaeozetes spathulatus Balogh, 1968 from Papua New Guinea is recombined to Rogerzetes.Eremaeozetes undulatus Mahunka 1985 sensu Aoki 2006 from the Ryukyu Islands is a previously undescribed species. Itis differentiated from E. undulatus Mahunka 1985 from St. Lucia and named Eremaeozetes aokii sp. nov. Retrozetes gen.nov. is proposed, containing the type species, R. koghisensis sp. nov., R. mirabilis sp. nov. and R. novaecaledoniae sp.nov. from New Caledonia, as well as R. fernandezi sp. nov. from Papua New Guinea. Eremaeozetes hanswursti Mahunka,1999 from Singapore is recombined to Retrozetes. A new species of Idiozetes, I. hagenensis sp. nov., is described fromPapua New Guinea. Idiozetidae is considered to be a junior synonym of Eremaeozetidae, which is re-defined and containsthe genera Eremaeozetes, Idiozetes, Mahunkaia, Retrozetes and Rogerzetes. Seteremaeozetes P. Balogh, 1988 is made ajunior subjective synonym of Eremaeozetes. Keys are provided to the genera of Eremaeozetidae and species of Retrozetes. A basic synthesis is presented of the biogeography of the Eremaeozetidae of the south-west Pacific region.
The limits of understanding in biological systematics
Authors: FITZHUGH KIRK
Published: April 2019

Ernst Mayr’s (1961, Science 131: 1501–1506) distinction between proximate and ultimate causation in biology is examined with regard to the acquisition of understanding in biological systematics. Rather than a two-part distinction, understanding in systematics is characterized by relations between three explanatory components: descriptive (observation statements)—proximate (ontogenetic hypotheses)—ultimate (e.g. specific and phylogenetic hypotheses). Initial inferential actions in each component involve reasoning to explanatory hypotheses via abductive inference, providing preliminary understanding. Testing hypotheses, to critically assess understanding, is varied. Descriptive- and proximate-level hypotheses are routinely tested, but ultimate hypotheses present inherent difficulties that impose severe limits, contrary to what is usually claimed in the systematics literature. The problem is compounded by imprecise considerations of ‘evidence’ and ‘support.’ For instance, in most cases, the ‘evidence’ offering ‘support’ for phylogenetic hypotheses, as cladograms, is nothing more than the abductive evidence (premises) used to infer those hypotheses, i.e. character data and associated phylogenetic-based theories. By definition, such evidence only offers initial, trivial understanding, whereas the pertinent evidence sought in the sciences is test evidence, which cannot be supplanted by character data. The pursuit of ultimate understanding by way of spurious procedures such as contrived testing, Bremer support, and resampling methods are discussed with regard to phylogenetic hypotheses.
Erratum: Anker A. (2011) “Six new species and three new records of infaunal alpheid shrimps from the genera Leptalpheus Williams, 1965 and Fenneralpheus Felder & Manning, 1986 (Crustacea, Decapoda)”. Zootaxa, 3041, 1–38.
Authors: ANKER A.
Published: April 2019

(Erratum)
A new cryptic species allied to Plestiodon japonicus (Peters, 1864) (Squamata: Scincidae) from eastern Japan, and diagnoses of the new species and two parapatric congeners based on morphology and DNA barcode
Authors: OKAMOTO TAKU , HIKIDA TSUTOMU
Published: April 2019

A new species of scincid lizard allied to Plestiodon japonicus (Peters, 1864) was described as P. finitimus sp. nov., fromthe eastern part of Honshu and Hokkaido, Japan. A previous DNA study reported the taxonomic status of the easternJapanese populations of Plestiodon as an undescribed species on the basis of their collective genetic distinctness from aparapatric congener P. japonicus sensu strict from the western part of mainland Japan. We present the diagnostic featuresof P. finitimus compared to P. japonicus and P. latiscutatus Hallowell, 1861, the other parapatric species occurring in theIzu Peninsula and Izu Islands of central Japan, on the basis of morphological characteristics and DNA barcode patterns.Both P. finitimus and P. japonicus have a small postnasal and large anterior loreal that contacts the supralabials. In contrast,the Izu Peninsular populations of P. latiscutatus, which had no known diagnostic features relative to the other two species,usually have a large postnasal and small anterior loreal, with the latter separated from the supralabials by the former, ormay otherwise lack a postnasal. In most populations of P. finitimus, the right and left prefrontals are usually isolated fromeach other, whereas they exhibit medial contact in most populations of P. japonicus. Although all the above characters arevariable both within and between populations, 60–90% of the specimens from each locality on mainland Japan werecorrectly identified using a combination of these characters. Based on these characters, the Russian Far East populationof Plestiodon was also identified as P. finitimus. The interspecific sequence differences in the standard DNA barcoderegion (a 658 base pair fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene of mitochondrial DNA) were distinct, andeach of the three species was exclusively clustered in a neighbor-joining tree. The limited hybridization among the threespecies indicated by previous studies suggests that DNA barcodes could provide a reliable key for their correctidentification. The implications for the biogeography and speciation of the three parapatric lizard species are briefly discussed.
Apocuma (Cumacea: Bodotriidae): two new species from the West-Atlantic and a significant extension of the known distribution of this genus in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: ROCCATAGLIATA DANIEL , ALBERICO NATALIA A. , HEARD RICHARD W.
Published: April 2019

Two new species of the genus Apocuma are described and illustrated: A. gerkenae n. sp. and Apocuma iorgui n. sp. Bothspecies were found off the coast of Brazil, but A. gerkenae was also recorded off the coasts of Georgia and Florida (bothon the Atlantic Ocean and in the Gulf of Mexico). Additionally, specimens of A. brasiliense collected off the coast of Riode Janeiro were examined. These three species differ mainly by (1) the presence / absence of a rudimentary exopod on thethird pereopod of the female, (2) the sculpture of the carapace, and (3) the uropod setation. The distribution of this genusin the Atlantic Ocean is substantially extended based mainly on an unpublished database compiled by the late Norman S. Jones.
The genus Processa in the vicinity of Carrie Bow Cay (Belize) with description of a new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Processidae)
Authors: DE GRAVE SAMMY , FELDER DARRYL. L.
Published: April 2019

Three species of the genus Processa are reported from shallow waters of Belize. Processa manningi, sp. nov., a newmember of the burrow-dwelling group, was most commonly found in burrows of the callianassid Neocallichirusgrandimana on a lower intertidal unvegetated sand flat. Both sexes of the new species, sometimes as mated pairs, wereobtained along with the host during sampling of burrows with yabby pumps. Processa bermudensis (Rankin) and Processafimbriata Manning & Chace occurred frequently in sweep net samples taken nocturnally in seagrass beds, but were alsotaken occasionally from interstices of eroded conch shells and other shallow rubble collected in daylight. Coloration is documented, and its utility as a character discussed. The genus has not been previously reported from Belize.
On the validity of Pelvicachromis sacrimontis Paulo, 1977 (Perciformes, Cichlidae), with designation of a neotype, and redescription of the species
Authors: LAMBOJ ANTON , PICHLER CHRISTOPHER
Published: April 2019

Pelvicachromis sacrimontis Paulo, 1977 was originally described on the basis of an iconotype in an aquarium journal.Herein, the validity of the name as well as the species status is discussed, an updated diagnosis and description of thespecies is given, and a neotype and a series of paraneotypes is designated. The species differs from congeners in acombination of coloration features including a broad dark midlateral band, the absence of blue and reddish dots in the caudal fin of males, and the specific coloration of the dorsal fin in females.
Review of the genus Scutylenchus Jairajpuri, 1971 (Nematoda: Tylenchida), with description of Scutylenchus dongtingensis n. sp. from rhizosphere soil of grass in China
Authors: XU CHUN–LING , XIE HUI , ZHAO CHUAN–BO , ZHANG SONG–BAI , SU XIU–MIN
Published: April 2019

The genus Scutylenchus Jairajpuri 1971 (Nematoda: Tylenchida) is reviewed, and a compendium of the most importantdiagnostic characters with a key to the species are given. A new species, Scutylenchus dongtingensis n. sp., is describedfrom China, extracted from rhizosphere soil around grass near Dongting Lake in Hunan province. The new species ischaracterized by having body cuticle with 16–20 longitudinal striae forming blocks; lateral field with 6 incisures forming5 bands without areolation or any other decoration; a slightly offset head with 7 striae; slender stylet 22–25μm long, withcone about three fifths of stylet length; excretory pore inconspicuous under light microscope, located in region of anteriorpart of gland bulb in lateral view; female vulva slit transverse with small epiptygma in lateral view; conspicuous dot-likephasmid located at about one third of tail length posterior to anus; female tail subcylindrical, terminus round, annulated,terminal cuticle thickened; spicule slender, well developed, 27–32μm long, usually not protruded from cloaca;gubernaculum crescent-shaped, may be protruded from cloaca; bursa conspicuous, extending over tail terminus in ventral view.
Erratum: Anker, A. (2011) “Four new infaunal decapod crustaceans (Caridea: Alpheidae and Gebiidea: Axianassidae) from Lizard Island, Australia, one of them also occurring in Moorea, French Polynesia”. Zootaxa, 2734, 1–22.
Authors: ANKER A.
Published: April 2019

(Erratum)
Coboldus chazaroi, a new species of iphimediid amphipod (Amphipoda, Gammaridea, Iphimediidae) from a submarine cave, north Cuba
Authors: ORTIZ MANUEL , WINFIELD IGNACIO , VARELA CARLOS
Published: April 2019

The amphipods of Coboldus are considered as antipolar members of iphimediids with loss of a maxilla 1 palp article 2. Anew amphipod species of the genus Coboldus (Family Iphimediidae) collected from soft bottom in a submarine cave,Northern Cuba, is described. Coboldus chazaroi sp. nov., differs from all other known species by the following characters:pereonal dorsal processes bifid and equal in length, coxa 1 ventrally acute and bifid, article 5 of gnathopod 2 longer than6, dactylus longer than palm, posterior margin of pleonal epimeron 3 with 3 teeth, mandibular palp article 2 with 1 subdistal plumose seta, molar poorly developed with 1 basal seta, lacinia mobilis rectangular and finely serrate.
A new species of Adelophryne Hoogmoed and Lescure 1984 (Amphibia: Anura: Eleutherodactylidae) from the Atlantic rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil
Authors: LOURENÇO-DE-MORAES RICARDO , SOLÉ MIRCO , TOLEDO LUÍS FELIPE
Published: April 2019

We describe a new species of Adelophryne for the municipalities of Ilhéus, Itacaré and Una, Bahia state, Brazil (typelocality: Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Nova Angélica, municipality of Una, state of Bahia, Brazil,15º15’03.2” S, 39º04’51.0” W, 79 m elevation). This new species is characterized by having small size, anal flap, andpointed tips of all fingers. The advertisement call consists of a single note with average duration of 29.5 ms (22–34 ms).The new species was found under dense leaf litter in primary and disturbed ombrofilous Atlantic rainforest, but in lower abundance in the latter and exclusively in shaded areas.
Phalangopsidae crickets from the Indian Region (Orthoptera, Grylloidea), with the descriptions of new taxa, diagnoses for genera, and a key to Indian genera
Authors: DESUTTER-GRANDCOLAS LAURE , JAISWARA RANJANA
Published: April 2019

The Indian region is presently the second region after the Neotropics in terms of diversity of phalangopsid crickets. Yet their study is impeded by the lack of necessary taxonomic tools for taxon identification. In the present paper, all generic diagnoses are clarified, using morphological and genitalic characters; female genitalia are described and illustrated for all genera with known females. New taxa are described from southern India: Kempiola flavipunctatus Desutter-Grandcolas n. sp., Opiliosina meridionalis Desutter-Grandcolas n. gen., n. sp., Phalangopsina bolivari Desutter-Grandcolas n. sp., P. chopardi Desutter-Grandcolas n. sp., P . gravelyi Desutter-Grandcolas n. sp., and Speluncasina Desutter-Grandcolas n. gen. The list of phalangopsid crickets from the Indian Region is updated, and a key to phalangopsid genera proposed. A lectotype and a paralectotype are designated to fix the name of Phalangopsina dubia (Bolivar, 1900). Opilionacris annandalei Chopard, 1928, previously transferred to the African genus Phaeophilacris Walker, 1871, is transferred to the genus Speluncasina Desutter-Grandcolas n. gen., while Larandopsis jharnae Bhowmik, 1981 and L. newguineae Bhowmik, 1981 described from New Guinea are transferred to the eneopterine genus Lebinthus Stål, 1877. Finally Luzaropsis confusa Chopard, 1969 is removed from its synonymy with L. ferruginea Walker, 1871.
A new species of Anepholcia Prout, 1922 from Nepal: postscript to the revision of Pantheinae, Contribution IV (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
Authors: BEHOUNEK G. , KONONENKO V. S.
Published: April 2019

After publication of the revision of the genus Anepholcia Prout, 1922 (Behounek & Kononenko 2011) the authors examined extensive amounts of material for the genus from different parts of the Oriental Region from various museum and private collections. As a result of this study a new species of Anepholcia from Nepal and more specimens of A. philippina Behounek & Kononenko 2011 from Palawan were found. In spite of relatively detailed study of the Nepal Noctuidae fauna (Yoshimoto 1992–1995; Hreblay & Ronkay 1998), no species of Anepholcia was reported from the region. A series of the new species of Anepholcia from Central Nepal was found in the private collection of Franz Hofer (Austria), comprising 15 specimens collected in the vicinity of Pokhara on 15 July 1995. The description of the new species is presented below. The holotype and one paratype are preserved in the collection of Gottfried Behounek (Germany, Grafing), and will be deposited in the Zoologische Staatssammlung Munich. Thirteen paratypes are preserved in the collection of Franz Hofer (Austria).
Hebesuncus mollispinus (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae), a new species from maritime Antarctica
Authors: PILATO GIOVANNI , MCINNES SANDRA J. , LISI OSCAR
Published: April 2019

A new species of eutardigrade, Hebesuncus mollispinus sp. nov. is described from Charcot Island, maritime Antarctica.The three known species of Hebesuncus are either widespread with questionable reports from the Antarctic (H.conjungens) or endemic to maritime and continental Antarctica (H. ryani and H. schusteri). Hebesuncus mollispinus sp.nov. differs from its congeners in terms of egg morphology and is further differentiated from H. ryani via a longer buccopharyngeal tube, claw shape and length; and from H. schusteri via a narrower bucco-pharyngeal tube and shorter claws.
Three new species of genus Mecopoda Serville, 1831 from China (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Mecopodinae)
Authors: LIU YUN-FEI , SHEN CHU-ZE , GONG PU , ZHANG LING , HE ZHU-QING
Published: April 2019

Only six species or subspecies of genus Mecopoda have been recorded with two species recorded from China prior to this study. We describe 3 new species, M. hainanensis He sp. nov., M. fallax He sp. nov. and M. marmorata He sp. nov. from Yunnan and Hainan. Although M. hainanensis is similar to M. niponensis, M. fallax is similar to M. elongata elongata, their songs can be used for identification. The result of molecular study also supports the validity of three new species. The type specimens are deposited in Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU).
Six new species of Otacilia from southern China (Araneae: Phrurolithidae)
Authors: LIU KEKE , XU XIANG , XIAO YONGHONG , YIN HAIQIANG , PENG XIANJIN
Published: April 2019

Six new ground sac spider species of the family Phrurolithidae were collected from southern China: Otacilia ailan sp. nov. (♀), O. daweishan sp. nov. (♂, ♀), O. fabiformis sp. nov. (♂, ♀) and O. jiandao sp. nov. (♀) from Hunan Province; and O. nonggang sp. nov. (♂, ♀) and O. yinae sp. nov. (♂) from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. All species are described and illustrated with photographs and line drawings.
First records of the corinnid genera Allomedmassa Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2014 and Medmassa Simon, 1887 from China, with the description of a new genus (Araneae: Corinnidae)
Authors: JIN CHI , ZHANG HONGLI , ZHANG FENG
Published: April 2019

Two corinnid genera, Allomedmassa Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2014 and Medmassa Simon, 1887, are recorded from China for the first time, including five species, four of which are new to science: Allomedmassa mae Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2014, A. bifurca sp. nov., A. crassa sp. nov., A. matertera sp. nov. and Medmassa torta sp. nov.. A new genus, Paramedmassa gen. nov., is erected with the type species P. day (Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2014) comb. nov., which is transferred from Allomedmassa.
Intestinal ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) in Brazilian domestic horses (Equus caballus L.) and a review on the ciliate communities associated with horses around the world
Authors: CEDROLA FRANCIANE , BORDIM SUYANE , D’AGOSTO MARTA , DIAS ROBERTO JÚNIO PEDROSO
Published: April 2019

The aims of this study were to identify and quantify the gastrointestinal ciliates from Brazilian domestic horses, to compare the data obtained with previous studies and to review data on ciliate communities associated with horses around the world. We used eight domestic horses, kept under extensive management. Fecal samples were obtained immediately after defecation of animals and fixed in 18.5% formaldehyde. We identify 24 species of endosymbiotic ciliates, distributed in two subclasses, two orders, five families and 13 genera. The ciliate composition was similar among the animals analyzed. The family Blepharocorythidae presented the higher prevalence and the family Buetschliidae was observed in greater abundance and density. Among the species identified, Cycloposthium dentiferum was observed for the first time in Central and South America and Bundleia elongata, B. inflata, B. piriformis, B. vorax and Cycloposthium psicauda, were observed for the first time in the American continent. In addition, the species Buissonella tapiri, which was originally discovered in fecal contents of the American tapir (Tapirus terrestris) in Brazil was observed for the first time associated to Equus caballus. The review on the ciliate communities associated with horses around the world demonstrated that the equine ciliates are a very diversified group with representatives in two subclasses, Suctoria and Trichostomatia, totaling 78 species distributed in three orders and six families, having been registered in different equine hosts (Equus asinus, Equus caballus and Equus quagga) and geographic locations (USA, China, Russia, Taiwan, Mexico, Cyprus, Turkey, Kyrgyzstan and Brazil).
A review of the genus Systolederus Bolivar (Orthoptera: Metrodorinae) from China
Authors: DENG WEI-AN , LU XIANG-YI , ZHAO CONG-LIN , WU FEI-PENG
Published: April 2019

The tetrigid genus Systolederus Bolivar, 1887 from China is taxonomically reviewed. The genus now includes 16 species from China, in which one new species is described and illustrated, namely: Systolederus aspinus Deng, sp. nov.. Their distribution and an annotated identification key to Chinese species are provided.
Description of new apterous winter species of Leuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) based morphology and DNA barcoding and further records to stonefly fauna of the Caucasus, Georgia
Authors: TESLENKO VALENTINA A. , PALATOV DMITRY M. , SEMENCHENKO ALEXANDER A.
Published: April 2019

Leuctra adjariae sp. n. and Leuctra georgiae sp. n. (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) are described as two new apterous stonefly species from the Meskheti Range (Lesser Caucasus) in southwestern Georgia. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for both sexes and diagnostic characters are discussed. Males and females of the two species are associated by DNA barcodes. Comparisons with corresponding regions of COI between L. adjariae sp. n. and L. georgiae sp. n. produced K2P genetic distances of 8.38%, values well associated with interspecific variation. The well-supported monophyly as well as results of an ABGD analysis confirms the validity of both new species. Capnioneura gouanerae Vinçon & Sivec, 2011, previously described and known only from Turkey, is reported for the first time for the Caucasus.
Evolution of an Axisymmetric Tropical Cyclone before Reaching Slantwise Moist Neutrality
Authors: Peng Ke , Rotunno Richard , Bryan George H. , Fang Juan
Published: April 2019

In a previous study, the authors showed that the intensification process of a numerically simulated axisymmetric tropical cyclone (TC) can be divided into two periods denoted by “phase I” and “phase II.” The intensification process in phase II can be qualitatively described by Emanuel’s intensification theory in which the angular momentum (M) and saturated entropy (s*) surfaces are congruent in the TC interior. During phase I, however, the M and s* surfaces evolve from nearly orthogonal to almost congruent, and thus, the intensifying simulated TC has a different physical character as compared to that found in phase II. The present work uses a numerical simulation to investigate the evolution of an axisymmetric TC during phase I. The present results show that sporadic, deep convective annular rings play an important role in the simulated axisymmetric TC evolution in phase I. The convergence in low-level radial (Ekman) inflow in the boundary layer of the TC vortex, together with the increase of near-surface s* produced by sea surface fluxes, leads to episodes of convective rings around the TC center. These convective rings transport larger values of s* and M from the lower troposphere upward to the tropopause; the locally large values of M associated with the convective rings cause a radially outward bias in the upper-level radial velocity and an inward bias in the low-level radial velocity. Through a repetition of this process, the pattern (i.e., phase II) gradually emerges. The role of internal gravity waves related to the episodes of convection and the TC intensification process during phase I is also discussed.
Arctic Sea Ice Volume Variability over 1901–2010: A Model-Based Reconstruction
Authors: Schweiger Axel J. , Wood Kevin R. , Zhang Jinlun
Published: April 2019

PIOMAS-20C, an Arctic sea ice reconstruction for 1901–2010, is produced by forcing the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS) with ERA-20C atmospheric data. ERA-20C performance over Arctic sea ice is assessed by comparisons with measurements and data from other reanalyses. ERA-20C performs similarly with respect to the annual cycle of downwelling radiation, air temperature, and wind speed compared to reanalyses with more extensive data assimilation such as ERA-Interim and MERRA. PIOMAS-20C sea ice thickness and volume are then compared with in situ and aircraft remote sensing observations for the period of ~1950–2010. Error statistics are similar to those for PIOMAS. We compare the magnitude and patterns of sea ice variability between the first half of the twentieth century (1901–40) and the more recent period (1980–2010), both marked by sea ice decline in the Arctic. The first period contains the so-called early-twentieth-century warming (ETCW; ~1920–40) during which the Atlantic sector saw a significant decline in sea ice volume, but the Pacific sector did not. The sea ice decline over the 1979–2010 period is pan-Arctic and 6 times larger than the net decline during the 1901–40 period. Sea ice volume trends reconstructed solely from surface temperature anomalies are smaller than PIOMAS-20C, suggesting that mechanisms other than warming, such as changes in ice motion and deformation, played a significant role in determining sea ice volume trends during both periods.
The Effects of Academic Giftedness and Gender on Developmental Trajectories of Hopelessness Among Students Living in Economically Disadvantaged Neighborhoods
Authors: Bolland Anneliese C. , Besnoy Kevin D. , Tomek Sara , Bolland John M.
Published: April 2019

Although there is much research on adolescent poverty, research related to youth living in communities characterized by extreme poverty who are also identified as academically gifted is lacking. This study explores the development of hopelessness in these youths, compared with peers not identified as gifted, using data from the Mobile Youth and Poverty Study. Specifically, trajectories of hopelessness as a function of gifted status and gender are explored. Results indicate that boys experience greater feelings of hopelessness than girls, regardless of their gifted status, and students identified as gifted have lower levels of hopelessness than their peers not identified as gifted. These latter differences are particularly pronounced during early adolescence (age 10 years) but decline over time and largely disappear by later adolescence (age 18 years). Results suggest that boys may be particularly vulnerable to declining effects of gifted classification as a protector against hopelessness across age and that disadvantaged students who are identified as gifted may benefit from gifted programs that continue at an intense level through their high school years.
Evaluation and optimization of parameters in the measurement for airborne scanner using response surface method
Authors: Zhang Ding-bang , Zhang Yi , Shen Zheng , Cheng Tao , Bai Yongtao
Published: April 2019

This paper aims to evaluate the working parameters and try to make an optimized use of the parameters which affect the measurement accuracy of airborne scanner. First, based on response surface method, three levels of configuration values of each parameter are selected, respectively, and 53 response surface experiments are designed. Second, three-dimensional coordinate errors of the scan points in each response surface experiment are calculated by comparing the coordinates measured by airborne scanner and common measuring apparatus. Third, by analyzing the experimental error through response surface method, the optimum configuration values of the parameters are determined. Meanwhile, the configuration characteristics and change laws of each parameter on three-dimensional coordinate errors are also realized. Results show that the most influencing parameters are flight height, flight speed, ground feature, aspect angle, scan frequency, and course angle. The optimum values for these parameters are found to be 46.14 m/s for flight speed, type 2 for ground feature, 88 Hz for scan frequency, 54.4° for course angle, 24.12° for aspect angle, and 215.92 m for flight height. The verification experiments showed that the predicted values from the response surface method are quite close to the experimental values, which validate the proposed approach.
Research on beam bunching and deflection characteristics of low-power laser under the electromagnetic effect
Authors: Zhang Chi , Lu Yonghua , Li Jing , Wang Rui
Published: April 2019

The bunching and deflection characteristics of low-power laser beam were investigated under electromagnetic field. On the basis of the Faraday effect, the cylindrical electromagnetic cavity was designed and implemented in the experiments. Several types of the magneto-optical elements were placed in the electromagnetic cavity individually. In the test of the deflection characteristics of low-power laser, the rotating angle, the polarization plane of linearly polarized light which passed through electromagnetic cavity, was measured by polarization extinction. We focus on the relation between the coil current and the rotating angle. The experimental data show that when the coil current varies in the range of 0–5 A, the rotating angles changed from 0° to 24.1°. Then, a fitting formula about the coil current and the rotating angle was obtained from the experimental data using the least square algorithm. The analysis shows that the rotating angle is proportional to the excitation current and the correlation coefficient is more than 0.9995. In order to study the beam bunching characteristics of low-power laser, the area of the laser facula was measured after the low-power laser passed through the electromagnetic cavity. The experiment data show that the laser facula area changes in a small range and the experimental data meet 3σ criteria.
Civil society and exposure to domestic terrorist attacks: Evidence from a cross-national quantitative analysis, 1970–2010
Authors: Davis Andrew P , Zhang Yongjun
Published: April 2019

This article examines the connection between a nation’s level of civil society organizational openness and the number of domestic terrorist attacks across 167 countries from 1970 to 2010. Following the contentious politics approach, we conceptualize terrorist organizations as engaged in high-risk movement activity and sensitive to organizational opportunities that make contention more likely. Panel fixed-effects negative binomial regression models support our hypothesis that a nation’s level of civil society openness increases exposure to domestic terrorist attacks. This work connects social movement theory with the cross-disciplinary literature working to understand terrorism by offering an explanation for terrorist attacks that are rooted in the organizational opportunity paradigm. It provides us a useful tool for future work on cross-national social movements in a cross-national perspective, as well as further work on terrorist organizations.
Children’s rights and residential care in Taiwan: An exploration of the tensions between global standards and culturally situated practices
Authors: Chiu Wan-Yu , Charnley Helen
Published: April 2019

This article examines the tension between the rhetoric of children’s rights and the realities of residential care for children in Taiwan. After reviewing Chinese and English literature, we present an empirical study of children’s experiences of life in residential care, drawing on participant observation, participatory arts-based activities and semi-structured interviews with 50 children in two homes. Breaking new ground, we reveal children’s accounts of happiness and unhappiness with institutional living, their strategies for developing resilience, and their understanding and experiences of children’s rights. We discuss the implications of these findings for social work policy, practice and research.
Influence of Choice Architecture on the Preference for a Pro-Environmental Hotel
Authors: Kim Jungkeun , Kim Seongseop (Sam) , Lee Jin-Soo , Kim Peter Beomcheol , Cui Yuanyuan (Gina)
Published: April 2019

This research examines a contextual trigger, namely, choice architecture, which induces pro-environmental behavior among travelers. In particular, we test whether decision modes (choice vs. rejection) affect travelers’ preference for a sustainable hotel over a less sustainable one, and if yes, how moral hypocrisy mediates the link between decision modes and preference. Results of a series of five experimental studies show that choice decision mode has increased travelers’ preference for a pro-environmental hotel, which is mediated by different types of information processing (elaborate vs. deliberative processing), thereby refuting the potential alternative explanations (i.e., mood) of the findings. This article contributes to the literature by introducing a critical factor, namely, choice architecture, which significantly affects travelers’ preferences for pro-environmental hotels. The implications of the findings are discussed for both practitioners and researchers.
Demographic and Psychosocial Predictors of Housing Security in Older Lesbian and Gay Australians
Authors: Alba Beatrice , Lyons Anthony , Waling Andrea , Minichiello Victor , Hughes Mark , Barrett Catherine , Fredriksen Goldsen Karen , Blanchard Michelle , Irlam Corey
Published: April 2019

This study examined housing security among 679 lesbian women and gay men aged 60 years and older living in Australia. We examined a range of potential demographic and psychosocial predictors of whether participants felt that their housing situation was secure. Overall, most participants (89%) felt that their housing situation was secure. We found that the sense of housing security was greater among those who were younger, had people they felt they could depend on, had better self-rated health, and had fewer experiences of sexual orientation discrimination over the past year. In addition, housing security was greater among those who owned their own home and had no mortgage, compared with those who had a mortgage, were renting, or had some other living arrangement. No other demographic variables were significant predictors of housing security. These results can be useful in targeting groups that may be particularly vulnerable to a lack of housing security.
Comprehension and production of narrative macrostructure in Swedish: A longitudinal study from age 4 to 7
Authors: Lindgren Josefin
Published: April 2019

This article reports results from a longitudinal study from age 4 to 7 of comprehension and production of narrative macrostructure in Swedish monolingual children ( N = 17). Baby Birds/ Baby Goats from the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (LITMUS-MAIN) were used to elicit narratives and ask comprehension questions at age 4;4, 5;10 and 7;4. Results showed a steep development from age 4;4 to 5;10 in both comprehension and production of macrostructure, but only some further development in comprehension to age 7;4. For the measures studied, children seem to reach a plateau around age 6. Consistent differences between comprehension and production (higher scores in comprehension) and between stories (higher scores on Baby Goats) were found across time points.
“Giant Toxic Lakes You Can See from Space”: A Theory of Multimodal Messages and Emotion in Legitimacy Work
Authors: Lefsrud Lianne , Graves Heather , Phillips Nelson
Published: April 2019

Organizations need to appear legitimate to access resources. Thus, actors often carry out legitimacy work to shape others’ evaluation of something as “desirable, proper or appropriate.” Such research has tended to focus on the cognitive appeal of words. Recently, research has also emerged on the persuasiveness of images, especially for creating emotional appeals. We develop a process model to explain the role of multimodal messages—combining words and images—in legitimacy work. With this model, we aim to answer: Why do certain combinations of multimodal messages (words and images) more forcefully evoke emotion and more reliably capture recipients’ attention, motivate them to process those messages, and (re)evaluate the legitimacy of an organization, its activities, and/or its industry? We conclude by discussing theoretical extensions and connections to other methods such as institutional work and values work.
Cooperative, Compromising, Conflictual, and Uninvolved Coparenting Among Teenaged Parents
Authors: Mallette Jacquelyn K. , Futris Ted G. , Brown Geoffrey L. , Oshri Assaf
Published: April 2019

Adolescent parents often maintain a coparenting relationship that is characterized by frequent conflict and unhealthy communication. However, in relationships with less conflict and more cooperation, adolescent mothers display well-being and greater self-acceptance, while young fathers are more likely to be involved with their children. Based on human, financial, and social capital theory that reinforces the influence of parents’ investments on family processes and well-being, we examined how capital was related to coparenting behaviors, and how coparenting related to parental functioning. We examined data from 125 adolescent mothers who attended a program for pregnant/parenting teens. Using a latent profile analysis, we (1) identified patterns of coparenting; (2) examined social, financial and human capital resources; and (3) evaluated between-group differences in parental functioning. Results indicated four unique patterns of coparenting based on adolescent mothers’ reports, which were associated with indicators of social, financial, and human capital and between-group differences in parental functioning.