bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conflictos vecinales y mediación social en los condominios populares de Lima (Perú)
Authors: Müllauer-Seichter Waltraud
Published: November 2019

En los últimos años se ha observado un continuo aumento en la aparición de los llamados condominios populares, urbanizaciones cerradas de bajo precio, con espacios y servicios comunes para sus vecinos, que se constituyen en unidades con personalidad propia dentro de la ciudad. Este boom constructivo se debe a una iniciativa estatal centrada en subvencionar la creación de nuevos fondos hipotecarios para la adquisición de viviendas sociales, destinadas, de forma preferente, a las clases media y baja de la población peruana, lo que, junto al incremento sostenido de los salarios, ha permitido su traslado a áreas más céntricas de la urbe. El fenómeno ha generado estrategias de movilidad social ascendente ligadas al cambio de domicilio. Pero esta movilidad no ha estado libre de la aparición de nuevos conflictos vecinales, como reconoce cerca del 70 % de la población limeña. En el presente trabajo, centrado en la ciudad de Lima, abordamos estos nuevos conflictos, tanto a nivel interpersonal como estructural, además de ofrecer una clasificación preliminar de los mismos. El estudio presta también atención a aquellas políticas sociales que pueden mejorar la situación y calidad de vida de los vecinos, como es la implantación de mediadores sociales en los que se ha centrado el trabajo de campo, ya que por su labor en diversos condominios ofrecen una amplia y crítica visión del tema.
Deux scénarios numériquement outillés visant la créativité : est-ce favoriser des affects positifs et des apprentissages ?
Authors: Fenoglio Prisca , Anthony Sarah
Published: November 2019

Cette étude de cas, dans le milieu universitaire canadien du français langue seconde (FLS), propose d’analyser deux scénarios pédagogiques numériquement outillés dont les consignes visent à encourager la créativité, du point de vue des affects positifs et des apprentissages qu’ils pourraient entraîner et de leur impact motivationnel. Si le lien entre créativité, affects positifs et motivation apparait clairement, la présence des outils numériques fait naitre des affects plus duels. Quant aux apprentissages, ils ressortent de nos analyses, mais les étudiants perçoivent surtout les savoirs, au détriment des savoir-être et des savoir-faire. Ainsi, il s’agit de proposer un contrat pédagogique qui favoriserait le développement de savoir-être et de savoir-faire et les valoriserait auprès des apprenants. Ce travail permet aussi de dégager des pistes didactiques quant à l’intégration stratégique des outils du web 2.0 dans des scénarios pédagogiques visant la créativité.
« Avec de bons draps bien assortis... »
Authors: Lupo Sébastien
Published: November 2019

Au cours de la décennie 1780, le volume des exportations de draps languedociens vers Smyrne s’effondre. Mais, comme l’avaient déjà suggéré Charles Carrière et Michel Morineau, la crise était en fait latente depuis 1750. Les archives de la maison Roux de Marseille en apportent la confirmation. L’étude de ses correspondances éclaire le déclin des étoffes languedociennes à Smyrne. Si la dégradation des marchandises et la difficulté des retours ont déjà été documentées, ce cas montre que la chaîne de distribution vient contraindre l’offre. La saturation du marché levantin après la guerre de Sept ans s’avère également décisive. Elle achève de déséquilibrer les rapports de force entre négociants et drapiers engrenant une progressive involution de l’activité.
Les agents économiques et le déclin hollandais en Méditerranée entre 1763 et 1780
Authors: Allain Thierry
Published: November 2019

L’enquête se base sur 478 manifestes de chargement de navires hollandais, au départ ou à destination de Smyrne. Le pavillon de la République tenait toujours une grande place dans le trafic du port anatolien, malgré les difficultés des maisons de commerce hollandaises. Sensibles à une navigation sécurisée ainsi qu’à la liberté du commerce avec les Provinces-Unies, les marchands ottomans ont rendu des arbitrages favorables à l’armement maritime hollandais. Les capitaines d’Amsterdam et de Rotterdam, dans un climat oscillant entre concurrence et coopération, ont également saisi les opportunités offertes par la caravane méditerranéenne. Dans une période de restructuration séparant deux conflits majeurs, l’élargissement de l’offre hollandaise d’armement a su rencontrer une demande dynamique.
The coral trade in Smyrna at the end of the 17th century as seen through several of François Garnier’s business deals
Authors: Raveux Olivier
Published: November 2019

L’analyse des ventes de corail en grains du marchand marseillais François Garnier et de son commissionnaire François Tiran à Smyrne autour de l’année 1680 donne à voir la variété des maillons et des moyens de la circulation des marchandises dans le commerce eurasiatique de l’époque moderne. Elle permet de saisir les ressorts de l’activité commerciale dans la principale échelle levantine du xviie siècle finissant et de cerner les capacités d’action des hommes qui en ont la charge. L’objectif est d’approcher au plus près les acteurs du négoce, d’examiner leurs pratiques marchandes et les rouages complexes de l’échange. Ce travail se penche notamment sur le travail des négociants marseillais et arméniens dans une niche commerciale difficile mais lucrative.
Relationships Between Mental Workload, Burnout, and Job Performance
Authors: Akca Meltem , Küçükoğlu Mübeyyen Tepe
Published: November 2019

Mental workload is a popular topic for ergonomics, psychology, and organizational behavior-related studies. Difficulties and differences in defining and measurement of mental workload engage the attention of scholars to the concept. Furthermore, the importance of mental workload on performance and burn out increases attention to the topic for empirical studies. In this chapter, the authors reveal the relations between mental workload, burnout, and job performance. Data were obtained from 144 academicians in Turkey. Results demonstrated that mental workload has a 1) positive impact on burn out and 2) negative impact on job performance of academicians. Moreover, it was found that burn out and job performance are negatively correlated. Finally, findings reported that there are differences among some demographic variables in accordance with mental workload, burn out, and job performance.
Indicators for Measuring Changeover Activities
Authors: Vega Yuridia , Romero-López Roberto , Barboza-Tello Norma Alicia , Pimentel-Mendoza Alex Bernardo , Rosel-Solis Manuel Javier
Published: November 2019

At present, the manufacturing industries require the implementation of more efficient and flexible fabrication processes to offer high-quality products. The changeover methodologies can be used to reduce the setup times, allowing the industries to be more competitive. The application of changeover methodologies is mainly influenced by the 4Ps model, which is composed of organizational and design factors, such as people, practices, product, and processes. However, this model is not useful in determining the relationship between each one of the Ps and the changeover activities. In this chapter, the authors have developed an exhaustive review of the references to establish the indicators to design an instrument composed of 79 items and divided into the five constructs of the 4P model, which was statistically validated using the Kendall W indicator and the Cronbach´s alpha indicator.
Online Tools With Synchronous Learning Environments
Authors: Richardson Kerri
Published: November 2019

In this chapter, the author highlights the tools used in an online environment geared toward practicing teachers earning their master's degree. The focus will be on web-based platforms and the importance of both synchronous and asynchronous online learning. The author offers existing and new online instructors' ideas on how to structure their own synchronous learning environments. She will support her suggestions with relevant research references. Samples of teachers' representations used during class sessions will be included so the reader has a visual understanding of how the tools work. Asynchronous ideas will also be discussed for those who integrate both styles in their teaching.
Using the SAMR and UDL Models to Differentiate Online Instruction
Authors: Caniglia Joanne , Meadows Michelle
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss two frameworks that are useful for integrating and differentiating technology within online learning environments for students with disabilities: Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition Model (SAMR). Following a review of the literature of each framework, the interactive software program, Desmos®, will be used to demonstrate how to integrate these two models. Finally, the authors make recommendations that will support all students to benefit from an online environment and engage in inclusive learning experiences.
An Analysis of Turkey's Recent Middle School Mathematics Teaching Programs Within the Context of the Learning-Teaching Processes
Authors: Incikabi Lutfi , Uysal Ramazan
Published: November 2019

The current study compares recent middle school mathematics teaching programs in Turkey based on teaching-learning processes (student characteristics, teacher characteristics, learning-teaching approaches, and measurement and evaluation approaches). Being qualitative in nature, this study was conducted by performing document analysis. The data source of this study comprises the middle school mathematics teaching programs published in 1998, 2005, and 2013. The obtained data were presented using tables and were compared in terms of similarities and differences. According to the results, programs since 1998 had provided different definition of an active student. Moreover, the use of strategies and techniques, which are student-centred and enable students to actively participate in the learning process, is striking since the 2005 program. In addition, the most important change in the measurement-evaluation processes is the adoption of the result- and process-oriented measurement and evaluation concept instead of the result-oriented measurement and evaluation approach.
Non-Thermal Preservation of Dairy Products
Authors: Koker Alperen , Okur İlhami , Ozturkoglu-Budak Sebnem , Alpas Hami
Published: November 2019

Dairy products include carbohydrates, protein, fatty acids, and different micronutrients, such as minerals and vitamins. Thermal treatment is generally used in dairy products to provide product safety and increase shelf life. But it can also lead to undesirable effects on dairy products such as protein denaturation, maillard reaction, and loss of vitamins. Non-thermal technology is an alternative method in the preservation of food products due to improving product safety and shelf life without any negative effects on food nutritional content. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP), pulsed electric field (PEF), ultrasound, cold plasma (CP), and pulsed light (PL) are the main non-thermal techniques that are used in the food industry. This chapter gives general principles of the non-thermal techniques, current applications in the dairy products, and recent advances in the dairy industry.
Study of Light Scattering by TiO2, Ag, and SiO2 Nanofluids with Particle Diameters of 20-60 nm
Authors: Chai Jasman Y.H. , Wong Basil T.
Published: November 2019

In this research, we detailed how the following factors affect the scattering of light by nanofluids: (1) nanoparticle sizes, (2) volume fraction of nanoparticles, and (3) nanoparticle materials. Mie theory was used to calculate the radiative properties of the nanofluids. The radiative properties were then applied into the Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) to solve for the transmittance and reflectance of light through the nanofluids. The RTE was solved using the Monte Carlo method. Results showed that when the size of nanoparticles and the volume fraction increase, absorption and scattering coefficients increase as well. For silver nanofluids, absorption and scattering coefficients decrease beyond nanoparticle size of about 50 nm. Transmittance of light decreased when nanoparticle sizes increased. When comparing between TiO2, Ag, and SiO2 nanofluids, Ag nanofluids exhibit the highest light absorption followed by TiO2 and SiO2.
Properties Studies of Silver Nanoparticles Colloids in Ethanol Prepared by Means Pulses Laser
Authors: Alnayli Raad Sh. , Alkazaali Hanan
Published: November 2019

In this work we study the influence of the laser pulses silver nanoparticles productivity during laser ablation of silver immersed in liquid. Ag nanoparticles were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of Ag targets in ethanol using the (1064 nm, Q-switched, Nd:YAG) laser with energy of 140 mJ per pulse. UV-Visible absorption spectra were used for the characterization and comparison of products. The non-linear refractive index and absorption coefficient of silver nanoparticles were investigated using a single beam z-scan technique; the excitation source was a continuous wave (CW) of 650 nm diode laser with a beam power of 50 mW. All investigated samples showed negative-induced non-linear refractive indices.
Semaphorin 3E Regulates the Response of Macrophages to Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Mohammed Ashfaque , Okwor Ifeoma , Shan Lianyu , Onyilagha Chukwunonso , Uzonna Jude E. , Gounni Abdelilah S.
Published: November 2019

Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) is a secreted protein that was initially discovered as a neuronal guidance cue. Recent evidence showed that Sema3E plays an essential role in regulating the activities of various immune cells. However, the exact role of Sema3E in macrophage function, particularly during inflammation, is not fully understood. We studied the impact of Sema3E gene deletion on macrophage function during the LPS-induced acute inflammatory response. We found that Sema3E-deficient (Sema3e−/−) mice were better protected from LPS-induced acute inflammation as exemplified by their superior clinical score and effective temperature control compared with their wild-type littermates. This superior control of inflammatory response in Sema3e−/− mice was associated with significantly lower phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, STAT3, and NF-κB, and a concomitant reduction in inducible NO synthase expression and production of TNF and IL-6 compared with their Sema3e+/+ littermates. Sema3e−/− mice also contained significantly higher numbers of activated macrophages compared with their Sema3e+/+ littermates at both baselines and after LPS challenge. In vivo–specific deletion of the Sema3E high-affinity receptor, plexinD1, on macrophages led to the improvement in clinical disease following exposure to a lethal dose of LPS. Collectively, our data show that Sema3E plays an essential role in dampening the early inflammatory response to LPS by regulating macrophage function, suggesting an essential role of this pathway in macrophage inflammatory response.
Мгновенное разрушение versus локальная разрешимость задачи Коши для двумерного уравнения полупроводника с тепловым разогревом
Authors: Korpusov Maxim Olegovich , Panin Alexander Anatolyevich
Published: November 2019

Рассматривается задача Коши для одного модельного уравнения третьего порядка
в частных производных с нелинейностью вида $|\nabla u|^q$. В работе доказано, что при $q\in(1,2]$ локального во времени слабого решения задачи Коши в $\mathbb{R}^2$ нет для достаточно широкого класса начальных функций, в то время как при $q>2$ локальное слабое решение существует.
Библиография: 20 наименований.
Антисимметричные парамодулярные формы веса 3
Authors: Gritsenko Valerii Alekseevich , Wang Haowu
Published: November 2019

Задача о построении антисимметричных парамодульных форм канонического веса 3 была поставлена в 1996 г. (см. [13]). Любая параболическая форма этого типа определяет каноническую дифференциальную форму на любой гладкой компактификации пространства модулей куммеровых поверхностей, отвечающих $(1,t)$-поляризованным абелевым поверхностям. В этой статье мы строим первое бесконечное семейство антисимметричных парамодулярных форм веса 3 как автоморфные произведения Борчердса, чьи первые коэффициенты Фурье-Якоби являются тета-блоками.
Библиография: 32 названия.
О граничных значениях решений эллиптического уравнения
Authors: Gushchin Anatolii Konstantinovich
Published: November 2019

Работа посвящена исследованию граничного поведения решений эллиптического уравнения второго порядка. При тех же условиях на коэффициенты уравнения, при которых доказана однозначная разрешимость задачи Дирихле с граничной функцией из $L_p$, $p>1$, установлены критерии существования граничного значения решения однородного уравнения. В частности, доказан аналог известной теоремы Ф. Рисса (о граничных значениях аналитической функции): если семейство норм в пространстве $L_p$ следов решения на "параллельных" границе поверхностях ограничено, то данное семейство следов сходится в $L_p$. Это означает, что рассматриваемое решение уравнения является решением задачи Дирихле с некоторым граничным значением из $L_p$. Для такого решения справедливы оценки некасательной максимальной функции и аналога интеграла площадей Лузина, которые позволяют утверждать, что граничное значение принимается в существенно более сильном смысле.
Библиография: 57 названий.
Пространства типа $S$ и деформационное квантование
Authors: Soloviev Michael Alexandrovich
Published: November 2019

Свойства обобщенных пространств $S^{b_n}_{a_k}$ Гельфанда-Шилова исследуются в контексте деформационного квантования. Основной результат состоит в характеризации соответствующих им алгебр мультипликаторов относительно скрученной свертки в терминах отношения включения между этими алгебрами и пространствами, сопряженными пространствам поточечных мультипликаторов, с явным описанием этих функциональных пространств. Доказательство теоремы включения использует существенным образом соотношение $S^{b_n}_{a_k}=S^{b_n}\cap S_{a_k}$.
Полиномы Белла в системе Mathematica и асимптотические решения интегральных уравнений
Authors: Marichev Oleg Igorevich , Slavyanov Sergei Yur'evich , Brychkov Yurii Aleksandrovich
Published: November 2019

Рассматривается возможность решения функциональных уравнений, возникающих при интегрировании однородных интегральных уравнений Фредгольма второго рода с быстро осциллирующим ядром, с применением полиномов Белла. Дан обзор различных типов и свойств полиномов Белла. Направленность статьи - способствовать использованию средств пакета по полиномам Белла в системе Mathematica для решения конкретных задач электродинамики.
Sulfate formation during heavy winter haze events and the potential contribution from heterogeneous SO2 + NO2 reactions in the Yangtze River Delta region, China
Authors: Huang Ling , An Jingyu , Koo Bonyoung , Yarwood Greg , Yan Rusha , Wang Yangjun , Huang Cheng , Li Li
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Rapid sulfate formation is recognized as a key
characteristic of severe winter haze in China. However, air quality models
tend to underestimate sulfate formation during heavy haze periods, and
heterogeneous formation pathways have been proposed as promising mechanisms
to reduce gaps between observation and model simulation. In this study, we
implemented a reactive SO2 uptake mechanism through the SO2+NO2 heterogeneous reactions in the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with
Extensions (CAMx) to improve simulation of sulfate formation in the Yangtze
River Delta (YRD) region. Parameterization of the SO2+NO2
heterogeneous reactions is based on observations in Beijing and considered
both the impact of relative humidity and aerosol pH on sulfate formation.
Ammonia is reported to be critical for the formation of secondary inorganic
aerosols. Estimation of ammonia emissions is usually associated with large
uncertainties and models tend to underestimate ammonia concentrations
substantially. Sensitivity tests were conducted to evaluate the influence of
the SO2+NO2 heterogeneous reactions as well as ammonia
emissions on modeled sulfate concentrations during a period with several
heavy haze episodes in the YRD region. Base case model results show large
underestimation of sulfate concentrations by 36 % under polluted
conditions in the YRD region. Adding the SO2+NO2 heterogeneous
reactions or doubling ammonia emissions alone leads to slight model
improvement (∼6 %) on simulated sulfate concentrations in
the YRD region. However, model performance significantly improved when both
the SO2+NO2 heterogeneous reactions and doubled ammonia
emissions were included in the simulation: predicted sulfate concentrations
during polluted periods increased from 23.1 µg m−3 in the base
scenario to 29.1 µg m−3 (representing an increase of 26 %).
Aerosol pH is crucial for the SO2+NO2 heterogeneous reactions,
and our calculated aerosol pH is always acidic and increased by 0.7 with
doubled ammonia emissions. Modeling results also show that this reactive
SO2 uptake mechanism enhanced sulfate simulations by 1 to 5 µg m−3 for the majority of the eastern and central parts of China, with more
than 20 µg m−3 increase in sulfate concentrations over the
northeastern plain. These findings suggest that the SO2+NO2
heterogeneous reactions could be potentially important for sulfate formation
in the YRD region as well as other parts of China. Further studies are
needed to constrain the uncertainties associated with the parameterization
of the SO2+NO2 heterogeneous reactions based on local data
as well as to evaluate this mechanism in other regions. In addition, ammonia
emissions were found to be a key driving variable of the spatial patterns of
sulfate enhancement due to the new pathway. Substantial efforts are needed
to improve the accuracy of the ammonia emission inventory.
Wintertime aerosol properties in Beijing
Authors: Zamora Misti Levy , Peng Jianfei , Hu Min , Guo Song , Marrero-Ortiz Wilmarie , Shang Dongjie , Zheng Jing , Du Zhuofei , Wu Zhijun , Zhang Renyi
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Severe wintertime haze events with exceedingly high levels of aerosols have occurred frequently in China in recent years, impacting human health, weather, and the climate. A better knowledge of the formation mechanism and aerosol properties during haze events is helpful for the development of effective mitigation policies. In this study, we present field measurements of aerosol properties at an urban site in Beijing during January and February 2015. A suite of aerosol instruments were deployed to measure a comprehensive set of aerosol chemical and physical properties. The evolution of haze events in winter, dependent on meteorological conditions, consistently involves new particle formation during the clean period and subsequently continuous growth from the nucleation mode particles to submicron particles over the course of multiple days. Particulate organic matter is primarily responsible for producing the nucleation mode particles, while secondary organic and inorganic components jointly contribute to the high aerosol mass observed during haze events. The average effective density and hygroscopic parameter (κ) of ambient particles are approximately 1.37 g cm−3 and 0.25 during the clean period and increase to 1.42 g cm−3 and 0.4 during the polluted period, indicating the formation of secondary inorganic species from the continuous growth of nucleation mode particles. Our results corroborate that the periodic cycles of severe haze formation in Beijing during winter are attributed to the efficient nucleation and secondary aerosol growth under high gaseous precursor concentrations and the stagnant air conditions, highlighting that reductions in emissions of aerosol precursor gases are critical for remedying secondary aerosol formation and thereby mitigating haze pollution.
Marine productivity and synoptic meteorology drive summer-time variability in Southern Ocean aerosols
Authors: Alroe Joel , Cravigan Luke T. , Miljevic Branka , Johnson Graham R. , Selleck Paul , Humphries Ruhi S. , Keywood Melita D. , Chambers Scott D. , Williams Alastair G. , Ristovski Zoran D.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Cloud-radiation interactions over the Southern Ocean are not well constrained in climate models, in part due to uncertainties in the sources, concentrations and cloud-forming potential of aerosol in this region. To date, most studies in this region have reported measurements from fixed terrestrial stations or a limited set of instrumentation, and often present findings as broad seasonal or latitudinal trends. Here, we present an extensive set of aerosol and meteorological observations obtained during an austral summer cruise across the full width of the Southern Ocean south of Australia. Three episodes of continental-influenced air masses were identified, including an apparent transition between the Ferrel atmospheric cell and the polar cell at approximately 64° S. During the other two episodes, synoptic-scale weather patterns diverted air masses across distances greater than 1000 km from the Australian and Antarctic coastlines, respectively, indicating that a large proportion of the Southern Ocean may be periodically influenced by continental air masses. In all three cases, a highly cloud-active accumulation mode dominated the size distribution, with up to 93 % of the total number concentration activating as cloud condensation nuclei. In contrast, sampling periods influenced by marine air masses frequently demonstrated a correlation between air mass trajectories over regions of high biological productivity and subsequent enhancement of an Aitken mode centred at approximately 30 nm and contributing an average of 71 % of the total aerosol number concentration. Although these small diameters limited their contribution to cloud condensation nuclei concentrations, Aitken number concentrations and diameters were highly variable. A detailed investigation of the marine air masses revealed that this variability may be attributed to the availability of biogenic precursors, the competing influence of condensation sinks (such as sea spray aerosol) and vertical transport between the marine boundary layer and the free troposphere. This variability of the marine Aitken mode as well as the instances of long-range transport were governed by synoptic-scale weather systems, through their influence on air mass trajectories and both generation and depletion of condensation sinks. These results demonstrate the highly dynamic nature of Southern Ocean aerosol and their complex dependence on both biological productivity and synoptic-scale weather systems.
Validity and limitations of simple reaction kinetics to calculate concentrations of organic compounds from ion counts in PTR-MS
Authors: Holzinger Rupert , Acton W. Joe F. , Bloss William J. , Breitenlechner Martin , Crilley Leigh R. , Dusanter Sébastien , Gonin Marc , Gros Valerie , Keutsch Frank N. , Kiendler-Scharr Astrid , Kramer Louisa J. , Krechmer Jordan E. , Languille Baptiste , Locoge Nadine , Lopez-Hilfiker Felipe , Materić Dušan , Moreno Sergi , Nemitz Eiko , Quéléver Lauriane L. J. , Sarda Esteve Roland , Sauvage Stéphane , Schallhart Simon , Sommariva Roberto , Tillmann Ralf , Wedel Sergej , Worton David R. , Xu Kangming , Zaytsev Alexander
Published: November 2019

Abstract. In September 2017, we conducted a
proton-transfer-reaction mass-spectrometry (PTR-MS) intercomparison campaign at the CESAR observatory, a rural site in the central Netherlands near the village of Cabauw. Nine research groups
deployed a total of 11 instruments covering a wide range of instrument
types and performance. We applied a new calibration method based on fast
injection of a gas standard through a sample loop. This approach allows
calibrations on timescales of seconds, and within a few minutes an automated
sequence can be run allowing one to retrieve diagnostic parameters that indicate
the performance status. We developed a method to retrieve the mass-dependent transmission from the fast calibrations, which is an essential
characteristic of PTR-MS instruments, limiting the potential to calculate
concentrations based on counting statistics and simple reaction kinetics in
the reactor/drift tube. Our measurements show that PTR-MS instruments follow
the simple reaction kinetics if operated in the standard range for pressures
and temperature of the reaction chamber (i.e. 1–4 mbar, 30–120∘,
respectively), as well as a reduced field strength E∕N in the range of 100–160 Td. If
artefacts can be ruled out, it becomes possible to quantify the signals of
uncalibrated organics with accuracies better than ±30 %. The
simple reaction kinetics approach produces less accurate results at E∕N levels
below 100 Td, because significant fractions of primary ions form water
hydronium clusters. Deprotonation through reactive collisions of protonated
organics with water molecules needs to be considered when the collision
energy is a substantial fraction of the exoergicity of the proton transfer
reaction and/or if protonated organics undergo many collisions with water
molecules.
In Machines We Trust: Are Robo-Advisers More Trustworthy Than Human Financial Advisers?
Authors: Chia Hui Xian
Published: November 2019

This article examines the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning, specifically, to create financial robo-advisers. These machines have the potential to be perfectly honest fiduciaries, acting in their client’s best interests without conflicting self-interest or greed, unlike their human counterparts. However, the application of AI technology to create financial robo-advisers is not without risk. This article will focus on the unique risks posed by deep learning technology. One of the main fears regarding deep learning is that it is a “black box”, its decision-making process is opaque and not open to scrutiny even by the people who developed it. This poses a significant challenge to financial regulators, whom would not be able to examine the underlying rationale and rules of the robo-adviser to determine its safety for public use.

The rise of deep learning has been met with calls for ‘explainability’ of how deep learning agents make their decisions. This paper argues that greater explainability can be achieved by describing the ‘personality’ of deep learning robo-advisers, and further proposes a framework for describing the parameters of the deep learning model using concepts that can be readily understood by people without technical expertise. This regards whether the robo-adviser is ‘greedy’, ‘selfish’ or ‘prudent’. Greater understanding will enable regulators and consumers to better judge the safety and suitability of deep learning financial robo-advisers.
Virginia Eubanks (2018) Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor. New York: Picador, St Martin’s Press
Authors: Gordon Faith
Published: November 2019

Law, Technology and Humans book review editor Dr Faith Gordon reviews Virginia Eubanks (2018) Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor.
Doing Industry 4.0 – participatory design on the shop floor in the view of engineering employees
Authors: Pfeiffer Sabine , Lee Horan , Held Maximilian
Published: November 2019

La Industria 4.0 incorpora un grupo de tecnologías diversas. Implantarlas en las empresas requerirá una amplia participación. Las actuales formas de diseño participativo (métodos ‘Agile’, Design Thinking, innovación abierta…) suelen implicar más a los clientes pero no a los trabajadores de producción de las compañías. Los autores han investigado si la ingeniería de producción que implanta la Industria 4.0 quiere involucrar a sus colegas del taller y, en su caso, cómo lo harán. Se presentan resultados de entrevistas cualitativas, de una encuesta cuantitativa y de ordenamientos a partir del  método Q de encuestas, realizados a alrededor de 230 empleados de ingeniería de una planta de automoción. Se invitó a los ingenieros que han participado a que expresaran sus puntos de vista, sus experiencias y visiones sobre cómo los trabajadores de producción podrían ser involucrados en la implantación de la Industria 4.0. Por un lado, los datos sugieren una actitud positiva hacia las experiencias de participación. Por otro lado, la participación es muy exigente: los entrevistados señalan una falta de tiempo y de oportunidades para desarrollarla. Requerirá más imaginación e iniciativa para romper con los procesos formales, a menudo limitados a ir alcanzado simples mejoras productivas.
Lo ordinario digital: digitalización de la vida cotidiana como forma de trabajo
Authors: Lasén Díaz Amparo
Published: November 2019

El artículo explora aspectos de lo ordinario digital: la creciente digitalización de nuestra cotidianidad con la ubicuidad y generalización de los usos y prácticas digitales, así como la producción y almacenamiento de inscripciones digitales acerca de nuestras vidas, relaciones, afectos, opiniones y actividades, que se convierten en el contenido de las plataformas digitales, motores de búsqueda y apps, y también en la materia de la que se producen los datos, cuya mercantilización constituye la principal fuente de lucro, o modelo de negocio, de las empresas propietarias de estas plataformas y aplicaciones digitales. Las formas de sociabilidad y (re)presentación de la persona digitales presentan particularidades éticas y estéticas, así como constituyen formas de trabajo emocional, trabajo de cara y trabajo digital, objeto de reflexividad, vigilancia y control, que son descritas con ejemplos de investigaciones propias acerca de la producción e intercambio de imágenes como los selfies, así como de otras investigaciones y publicaciones.
AN NOVEL APPROACH TO PRIVACY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Maheswari Mahi
Published: November 2019

This paper addresses the problem of dealing with privacy management of confidential data stored by enterprises and other organizations. We describe an innovative solution based on an adaptive privacy management system. In this system (arbitrarily complex) data  are retrieved from standard data repositories, in such a way that parts of these data are obfuscated and associated with privacy preserving techniques. Confidential data are ";first class"; objects that can be sent to other parties. Entities that try to access their content can be different from those entities that retrieve these objects. In particular, a Privacy Management System decides what is visible at a given time for each specific request for content. The visibility of (and access to) the obfuscated data is adaptive, depending on the requestor, the context and purpose.
Is Informal Networks Influence Technological Innovation of R&D Team Member: A Topology, Measurement, and Consequences
Authors: Hung Chen Ming
Published: November 2019

The management of the social networks of individual technological innovation has been hampered by the lack of a comprehensive typology for categorizing of social networks. Based on social support and social exchange theory, this study develops a social networks typology that identifies three constructs type of social networks. This study also point to limitation with the measurement of individual innovation and outline the five constructs design to overcome these limitations. The study then examines the relationship between social networks and technological innovation. The results suggest that technological innovation was significantly influenced by the informal centrality and tie strength of all three social network types. Furthermore, the relationship can be explaining more variance by adding specificity asset as positive moderate variable. The theoretical framework of this study brings informal social network phenomenon into technological innovation management in individual level. Both the typology for conceptualizing the nature of social networks and the constructs for scaling the measurement of technological innovation of this study provide a solid foundation on exploring the application in new contexts.
Validation of Diagram Scale for Leaf Spot Caused by Pestalotiopsis sp. in Coconut Seedlings
Authors: Cardoso Aline Figueiredo , Louzano Fernanda Sarmento de Oliveira , Pinheiro Cássia Cristina Chaves , Lins Paulo Manoel Pontes , Da Silva Gisele Barata
Published: November 2019

The absence of a methodology to quantify Pestalotiopsis sp. in coconut plants (Cocos nucifera L.) justified the elaboration and validation of a diagrammatic scale containing seven values (2%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 40% and 60%) of disease severity, in a sampling under natural conditions of occurrence in the field. To elaborate the diagrammatic scale, 100 leaves of Cocos nucifera L. were obtained from an experimental field of Fazenda Reunidas Sococo in Santa Isabel, Pará. The images of these leaves were obtained with the aid of a digital camera. Subsequently, with the aid of Assess 2.0 APS software, the actual disease severity values were obtained in percentage terms. The validation of the proposed diagrammatic scale was performed by ten inexperienced evaluators who evaluated the projected images without the aid of the suggested scale, and later, with the aid of the scale. From the data obtained from the evaluators with and without scale, linear regression analysis was performed, relating the real severity and the estimated severity. The accuracy of the estimates was evaluated by the regression determination coefficient (R2) and the variance of the absolute errors. The accuracy of each evaluator was determined by the t-test applied to the angular coefficient of line (b) and the linear coefficient of line (a), both obtained by linear regression. Through the coefficient of determination values, It is possible to verify that the use of the scale gave greater accuracy to 100% of the evaluators with an average of 0.94 and 94% repeatability. The use of the diagrammatic spot scale for Pestalotiopsis sp. it enables future work with accuracy and precision, as well as optimizing disease control practices within a coconut tree nursery management program.
Own Grain Storage Structures: Is It Worth Investing?
Authors: Vaz Elisangela Domingues , Gimenes Régio Marcio Toesca , Borges João Augusto Rossi , Cavalheiro Rafael Todescato , Kremer Andréia Maria
Published: November 2019

Grain storage is strategic for agribusiness and therefore, it is important to consider the usefulness and benefits of its implementation. This study aims to identify the economic and financial viability of investing in grain storage structure at farm level using capital budgeting techniques. Considering the particularities of farms in the Midwest region of Brazil, the following investment valuation techniques were used: Net Present Value (NPV), Equivalent Uniform Annual Worth (EUAW), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR), Discounted Payback (DP), Profitability Index (PI), Benefit/ Cost Ratio (B/C), Sensitivity Analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. The results of NPV and EUAW were positive. The results of IRR was 14.08% and MIRR was 11.39%, with a payback of 11.81 years, an PI of US$ 1.31 and a B/C ratio of 3.16. From the risk analysis, it can be inferred that the investment is low risk since there is a 99.97% probability of NPV being greater than zero. Therefore, grain storage is a potentially viable alternative for increasing the competitiveness and wealth of Brazilian farmers, even in the context of an emerging economy.
Biostimulants in the Indicators of Yield and Industrial and Chemical Quality of Oat Grains
Authors: Silva José Antonio Gonzalez da , De Mamann Ângela Teresinha Woschinski , Scremin Osmar Bruneslau , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Pereira Laura Mensch , Lima Andressa Raquel Cyzeski de , Lautenchleger Francine , Basso Natiane Carolina Ferrari , Argenta Cláudia Vanessa , Berlezi Julio Daronco , Porazzi Felipe Uhde , Matter Ester Mafalda , Norbert Leonardo
Published: November 2019

The supply of glutamic acid-based biostimulants may represent an innovative technology to increase oat grain yield and quality. The objective of this study is to measure the effect of different biostimulants based on concentrations of glutamic acid and nutrients and their application on indicators of productivity and industrial and chemical quality of oat grains. The study was conducted in 2016 and 2017 in a randomized block design with four replications, considering 10 combinations of treatments for different application conditions and types of glutamic acid-based biostimulants, which were: 1. Control; 2. Zinplex (seed) + Biomol (grain filling); 3. Zinplex (seed) + Glutamin Extra (grain filling); 4. Zinplex (seed) + Biomol (thinning); 5. Glutamin Extra (1st fungicide application) + Glutamin Extra (2nd fungicide application); 6. Biomol (1st fungicide application) + Biomol (2nd fungicide application); 7. Zinplex (seed) + Vorax (grain filling); 8. Vorax (1st fungicide application) + Vorax (2nd fungicide application); 9. Biomol (thinning) + Vorax (grain filling) and 10. Biomol (thinning) + Glutamin Extra (grain filling). The foliar application of biostimulants with the presence of glutamic acid and nutrients may have positive effects on variables related to productivity and industrial and chemical quality of oat grains, however, depending on the agricultural year conditions. The application of Glutamin Extra in the 1st and 2nd fungicide application shows the best results in the vast majority of grain yield and quality variables, but the costs involving only biostimulants do not guarantee economic viability.
Living on the Edge or Forced into the Margins? Hunter-Herders in Jordan's Northeastern Badlands in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods
Authors: Akkermans Peter M. M. G.
Published: November 2019

The arid and desolate, basalt-strewn uplands of northeastern Jordan have been perceived as the natural home of pastoralist communities, which lie on the very fringes of the early urban polities of the eastern Mediterranean. However, current fieldwork in the area has revealed the presence of many and diverse sites from the late prehistoric to the early historic periods that were finely tuned to their harsh environment. Some of these sites include rich assemblages, including rock art and inscriptions on stone. This paper investigates the hunter-herder communities that successfully exploited the “margins” in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. It is argued that these desert populations were forced into obscurity by the Roman military intrusion in the region in the third century CE.
Questioning the Concept of Marginality: Early Modern Ethnography and Bronze Age Archaeology of the Foothills and Uplands of the Raganello Basin (Northern Calabria, Italy)
Authors: Attema Peter , Larocca Antonio , de Neef Wieke
Published: November 2019

For nearly 20 years now, the uplands and foothills of the Raganello basin in northern Calabria have been the subject of landscape archaeology research by the Groningen Institute of Archaeology. Recently, the authors started documenting the area's rich early modern ethnographic past to improve their interpretive framework. This article will present two key arguments, one theoretical and one methodological, that demonstrate why the study of early modern ethnography is relevant for our understanding of the archaeology of the Raganello basin. On a theoretical level, there is a need to challenge the traditional notion of marginality if we want to understand how archaeological landscapes such as this may have functioned. On the methodological level, the authors propose that more ethnographic and ethnoarchaeological studies must be conducted. As the case studies in this article demonstrate, the potential of ethnography as a tool to more fully understand the past is great.
Language disintegration under conditions of severe formal thought disorder
Authors: Tovar Torres Antonia , Schmeisser Nieto Wolfgang Sebastian , Garí Soler Aina , Morey Matamalas Catalina , Hinzen Wolfram
Published: November 2019

On current models of the language faculty, the language system is taken to be divided by an interface with systems of thought. However, thought of the type expressed in language is difficult to access in language-independent terms. Potential inter-dependence of the two systems can be addressed by considering language under conditions of pathological changes in the neurotypical thought process. Speech patterns seen in patients with schizophrenia and formal thought disorder (FTD) present an opportunity to do this. Here we reanalyzed a corpus of severely thought-disordered speech with a view to capture patterns of linguistic disintegration comparatively across hierarchical layers of linguistic organization: 1. Referential anomalies, subcategorized into NP type involved, 2. Argument structure, 3. Lexis, and 4. Morphosyntax. Results showed significantly higher error proportions in referential anomalies against all other domains. Morphosyntax and lexis were comparatively least affected, while argument structure was intermediate. No differential impairment was seen in definite vs. indefinite NPs, or 3rd Person pronouns vs. lexical NPs. Statistically significant differences in error proportions emerged within the domain of pronominals, where covert pronouns were more affected than overt pronouns, and 3rd Person pronouns more than 1st and 2nd Person ones. Moreover, copular clauses were more often anomalous than non-copular ones. These results provide evidence of how language and thought disintegrate together in FTD, with language disintegrating along hierarchical layers of linguistic organization and affecting specific construction types. A relative intactness of language at a procedural, morphosyntactic surface level masks a profound impairment in the referential functioning of language.
Re-pensando una pedagogía para la paz desde la Universidad, (Reflexiones)
Authors: Ayerdis García José Miguel
Published: November 2019

Este trabajo es un aporte que los académicos estamos haciendo desde la Universidad para el fomento de una cultura de paz y convivencia que, desde el 2018 está en agenda como consecuencia de la crisis política en la que se vio inmersa la sociedad nicaragüense. Esta propuesta problematiza acerca del lugar y el papel del docente universitario en la búsqueda de prácticas discursivas que canalicen las diferencias y/o contradicciones por cauces cívicos, sabiendo que la sociedad en general quiere paz para continuar mejorando sus condiciones de vida material y espiritual. Lo que pretende esta investigación, es responder a preguntas como, ¿estamos trabajando de verdad en una agenda individual y/o colectiva en función del fortalecimiento del liderazgo docente y contribuyendo de manera concreta a la solución de los problemas que enfrenta la sociedad nicaragüense a consecuencia de la crisis política iniciada el pasado 18 de abril? ¿Creemos en los valores de una cultura de paz (ya institucionalizada por medio del decreto de ley 985) como convergencia para el fortalecimiento del bien común? Por último, ¿estamos desarrollando estrategias pedagógicas en las aulas para el fomento de valores que contribuyan a una visión positiva, constructiva-propositiva y tolerante en los estudiantes, buscando contrarrestar los discursos destructivos que, las burbujas mediáticas, a diario inoculan en las mentes de los jóvenes?