bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous extracellular dopamine regulation in the subregions of the olfactory tubercle
Authors: Park Jinwoo , Wakabayashi Ken T. , Szalkowski Caitlin , Bhimani Rohan V.
Published: May 2017

Recent studies show that dense dopamine (DA) innervation from the ventral tegmental area to the olfactory tubercle (OT) may play an important role in processing multisensory information pertaining to arousal and reward, yet little is known about DA regulation in the OT. This is mainly due to the anatomical limitations of conventional methods of determining DA dynamics in small heterogeneous OT subregions located in the ventral most part of the brain. Additionally, there is increasing awareness that anteromedial and anterolateral subregions of the OT have distinct functional roles in natural and psychostimulant drug reinforcement as well as in regulating other types of behavioral responses, such as aversion. Here, we compared extracellular DA regulation (release and clearance) in three subregions (anteromedial, anterolateral, and posterior) of the OT of urethane‐anesthetized rats, using in vivo fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry following electrical stimulation of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic cell bodies. The neurochemical, anatomical, and pharmacological evidence confirmed that the major electrically evoked catecholamine in the OT was DA across both its anteroposterior and mediolateral extent. While both D2 autoreceptors and DA transporters play important roles in regulating DA evoked in OT subregions, DA in the anterolateral OT was regulated less by the D2 receptors when compared to other OT subregions. Comparing previous data from other DA rich ventral striatum regions, the slow DA clearance across the OT subregions may lead to a high extracellular DA concentration and contribute towards volume transmission. These differences in DA regulation in the terminals of OT subregions and other limbic structures will help us understand the neural regulatory mechanisms of DA in the OT, which may elucidate its distinct functional contribution in the ventral striatum towards mediating aversion, reward and addiction processes.

image
Understanding the impact of haemodialysis on UK National Health Service patients’ well‐being: A qualitative investigation
Authors: Jones Daniel JW , Harvey Kate , Harris John P , Butler Laurie T , Vaux Emma C
Published: May 2017

Aims and objectives

While haemodialysis is an effective treatment for end‐stage renal disease, the requirements and restrictions it imposes on patients can be onerous. The aim of this study was to obtain UK National Health Service patients’ perspectives on the challenges arising from haemodialysis with the intention of identifying potential improvements.

Background

Depression rates are particularly high in those with end‐stage renal disease; however, there is limited insight into the range of stressors associated with haemodialysis treatment within the National Health Service contributing to such high rates, particularly those of a cognitive or psychological nature.

Design

A qualitative approach was used to obtain rich, patient‐focused data; one‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews were conducted with twenty end‐stage renal disease at a UK National Health Service centre.

Methods

Patients were interviewed during a typical haemodialysis session. Thematic analysis was used to systematically interpret the data. Codes were created in an inductive and cyclical process using a constant comparative approach.

Results

Three themes emerged from the data: (i) fluctuations in cognitive/physical well‐being across the haemodialysis cycle, (ii) restrictions arising from the haemodialysis treatment schedule, (iii) emotional impact of haemodialysis on the self and others. The findings are limited to predominantly white, older patients (median = 74 years) within a National Health Service setting.

Conclusions

Several of the experiences reported by patients as challenging and distressing have so far been overlooked in the literature. A holistic‐based approach to treatment, acknowledging all aspects of a patient's well‐being, is essential if optimal quality of life is to be achieved by healthcare providers.

Relevance to clinical practice

The findings can be used to inform future interventions and guidelines aimed at improving patients’ treatment adherence and outcomes, for example, improved reliable access to mental health specialists.
Cook Cervical Ripening Balloon successfully prevents excessive hemorrhage combined with ultrasound‐guided suction curettage in the treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy
Authors: Wu Chaoying , Li Yong , Ye Wenfeng , Ma Wenqin , Zhao Danmei
Published: May 2017

Aim

Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare occurrence of ectopic pregnancy. CSP incidence has increased significantly as a result of the increase in cesarean section rates. At present, there are no standard treatment guidelines for CSP; therefore, we report a minimally invasive treatment method for patients diagnosed with CSP.

Methods

This study included 15 women who were diagnosed with CSP. Ultrasound‐guided suction curettage was performed on all patients. The Cook Cervical Ripening Balloon was used to tamponade and prevent hemorrhage during the procedure. In 12 patients, the balloon was placed immediately following ultrasound‐guided suction curettage; in two patients, the balloon was placed when excessive bleeding occurred post‐curettage; and in one patient, the balloon was placed after the gestational sac evacuated by itself, and then suction aspiration was performed on day 5, following the evacuation. Human chorionic gonadotropin levels were evaluated three days after the procedure.

Results

Placement and inflation of the Cook Cervical Ripening Balloon was well tolerated by all patients. The balloon tamponade effectively reduced or prevented vaginal bleeding in all patients, and none of the patients had an estimated blood loss higher than 1000 ml.

Conclusions

Ultrasound‐guided suction curettage is effective in the treatment of CSP. The Cook Cervical Ripening Balloon is easy to place and inflate and successfully prevented bleeding or assisted in the management of bleeding complications. We recommend the Cook Cervical Ripening Balloon as an adjuvant method for ultrasound‐guided suction curettage for the treatment of CSP.
Real‐time three‐dimensional jaw tracking in temporomandibular disorders
Authors: da Cunha D. V. , Degan V. V. , Vedovello Filho M. , Bellomo D. P. , Silva M. R , Furtado D. A. , Andrade A. O. , Milagre S. T. , Pereira A. A.
Published: May 2017

When a dysfunction occurs in any component of the stomatognathic system, temporomandibular disorders (TMD) may originate. The aim of this study was to compare the deviations, displacement and the execution speed of mandibular movements among asymptomatic participants and those with TMD. Convenience sampling was used; forty participants diagnosed by clinical evaluation following the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders were divided into three groups: arthropathy (GART, 10 participants, 40% men), myopathy (GMYO, 10 participants, 30% men), and the control group (CG, 20 asymptomatic participants, 25% men). Participants were asked to perform the movements of free maximal mouth opening and closing, right and left lateral excursions, and protrusion with sliding teeth contacts. The mandibular trajectory was recorded using opto‐electronic devices tracking reflective markers placed in front of the ‘soft tissue pogonion point’. The movements were analysed on the following axis: x – medial‐lateral, y – vertical, z – antero‐posterior. Significative differences were found in CGxGART – unassisted maximal mouth opening and closing projection on y‐axis (OCY), CGxGMYO – unassisted maximal mouth opening and closing projection on x‐axis (OCX), and in the measures Opening lateral deviation on x‐axis (OLDX), closing lateral deviation on x‐axis (CLDX) and in the measures of speed for both. In regard to GARTxGMYO, a significative difference was found in Protrusion lateral deviation on x‐axis (PLDX) ‘Conover‐Iman Test of Multiple Comparisons Using Rank Sums’ using Bonferroni correction (P < 0·05). In conclusion, the total opening movements in individuals with TMD tended to have higher deviation than in those asymptomatic individuals and a reduction in the speed of movements.
Development of a sequence‐characterized amplified region marker using inter‐simple sequence repeats for detection of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
Authors: Wang Shuhe , Chu Bingyao , Liu Qi , Luo Yong , Ma Zhanhong
Published: May 2017

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is the most devastating wheat disease in China. Early and accurate detection of the pathogens would facilitate effective control of the diseases. DNA‐based methods now provide essential tools for accurate plant disease diagnosis. In this study, inter‐simple sequence repeats (ISSR) technique has been successfully applied to develop a sequence‐characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker for diagnosis of stripe rust of wheat and detection of Pst. In this study, one fragment unique to Pst was identified by ISSR and then sequenced. Based on the specific fragment, a pair of SCAR primers (616AF/616AR) was designed to amplify a 299‐bp DNA fragment within the sequenced region. The primers can amplify a unique DNA fragment for all tested isolates of Pst but not for the other pathogens of wheat leaves and the uninfected leaves. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay could detect as low as 0.1 ng of genomic DNA in a 25.0 μl PCR reaction mixture and detect the pathogen from asymptomatic wheat leaves inoculated with Pst under glasshouse conditions.
Higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B vs chronic hepatitis C after achievement of virologic response
Authors: Kim G.‐A. , Han S. , Kim H.‐D. , An J. , Lim Y.‐S.
Published: May 2017

It is unclear whether the achievement of virologic response modifies the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) differently in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Our aim was to compare the risk of HCC between patients with CHB and CHC who achieved virological response. We analysed data from patients with CHB treated with entecavir (n=2000) or CHC treated with peg‐interferon and ribavirin (n=733) at a tertiary hospital from 2004 to 2011. Virological response was defined as serum HBV DNA<15 IU/mL at 1 year of treatment for CHB or the achievement of sustained virologic response for CHC. Virological response was achieved in 1520 patients with CHB (76.0%) and 475 patients with CHC (64.8%). During the median follow‐up period of 6 years, 228 patients with CHB (11.4%) and 59 patients with CHC (8.0%) developed HCC. Among patients with virological response, CHB was independently associated with a significantly higher incidence of HCC (hazard ratio, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.30‐3.63; P=.003) than CHC. Among patients without virological response, there were no differences in HCC incidence between the two cohorts (P=.52). In patients with cirrhosis at baseline, the incidence of HCC did not differ between the two cohorts even after achieving virological response (P>.99). In conclusion, patients with CHB treated with entecavir were associated with a higher risk of HCC compared to patients with CHC treated with peg‐interferon and ribavirin after achieving virological response. However, the risk of HCC did not differ between the two cohorts if the patients had cirrhosis at baseline, even if virological response was achieved.
Improving outcome of fungal diseases – Guiding experts and patients towards excellence
Authors: Cornely Oliver A. , Lass‐Flörl Cornelia , Lagrou Katrien , Arsic‐Arsenijevic Valentina , Hoenigl Martin
Published: May 2017

Invasive fungal infections are on the rise and during recent years understanding the epidemiology of fungal infections improved. Over 1 billion people are affected and 25 million patients are at imminent risk of severe organ damage or death due to fungal infection. The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM), founded in 1993, is the roof organisation of 23 National Medical Mycology Societies in Europe. ECMM fights fungal infections at various levels, by creating and distributing scientific knowledge and promoting scientific exchange. In response to the increasing prevalence and management complexity of invasive fungal infections, ECMM recently launched three additional initiatives (https://www.ecmm.info/). (i) ECMM together with other European infectious diseases societies created a comprehensive set of European guidelines for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of invasive fungal infections. (ii) ECMM founded the ECMM Academy awarding fellow status (FECMM) to outstanding researchers who advanced medical mycology. The academy aims at strengthening networking activities between these researchers. (iii) Centres throughout the world can apply for ECMM Excellence Center Status. Following such application on site auditing of up to three levels of mycological work (clinical, microbiological, epidemiological/clinical trials) evaluates the excellence of a centre along predefined criteria. All three initiatives share a common ambition; they aim at improving outcome of fungal diseases through guiding experts and patients towards excellence. Acknowledging fungal infections as a global problem, all three initiatives explicitly reach out beyond European borders.
Arabidopsis ZED1‐related kinases mediate the temperature‐sensitive intersection of immune response and growth homeostasis
Authors: Wang Zhicai , Cui Dayong , Liu Jing , Zhao Jingbo , Liu Cheng , Xin Wei , Li Yuan , Liu Na , Ren Dongtao , Tang Dingzhong , Hu Yuxin
Published: May 2017

Activation of the immune response in plants antagonizes growth and development in the absence of pathogens, and such an autoimmune phenotype is often suppressed by the elevation of ambient temperature. However, molecular regulation of the ambient temperature‐sensitive intersection of immune response and growth is largely elusive.

A genetic screen identified an Arabidopsis mutant, zed1‐D, by its high temperature‐dependent growth retardation. A combination of molecular, cytological and genetic approaches was used to investigate the molecular basis behind the temperature‐sensitive growth and immune response in zed1‐D.

A dominant mutation in HOPZ‐ETI‐DEFICIENT 1 (ZED1) is responsible for a high temperature‐dependent autoimmunity and growth retardation in zed1‐D. The autoimmune phenotype in zed1‐D is dependent on the HOPZ‐ACTIVATED RESISTANCE 1 (ZAR1). ZED1 and some ZED1‐related kinases (ZRKs) are induced by elevated temperature and function cooperatively to suppress the immune response by modulating the transcription of SUPPRESSOR OF NPR1‐1 CONSTITUTIVE 1 (SNC1) in the absence of pathogens.

Our data reveal a previously unidentified role of ZRKs in the ambient temperature‐sensitive immune response in the absence of pathogens, and thus reveals a possible molecular mechanism underlying the temperature‐mediated intersection of immune response and growth in plants.
Person‐centred care dialectics—Inquired in the context of palliative care
Authors: Öhlén Joakim , Reimer‐Kirkham Sheryl , Astle Barbara , Håkanson Cecilia , Lee Joyce , Eriksson Marjukka , Sawatzky Richard
Published: May 2017

Although a widely used concept in health care, person‐centred care remains somewhat ambiguous. In the field of palliative care, person‐centred care is considered a historically distinct ideal and yet there continues to be a dearth of conceptual clarity. Person‐centred care is also challenged by the pull of standardization that characterizes much of health service delivery. The conceptual ambiguity becomes especially problematic in contemporary pluralistic societies, particularly in the light of continued inequities in healthcare access and disparities in health outcomes. Our aim was to explicate premises and underlying assumptions regarding person‐centred care in the context of palliative care with an attempt to bridge the apparently competing agendas of individualization versus standardization, and individuals versus populations. By positioning person‐centredness in relation to the hermeneutics of the self according to Paul Ricœur, dialectics between individualization and standardization, and between individuals and populations were constructed. The competing agendas were related in a dialectic manner in the way that population health is of importance for the individual, and standardization is of importance for the population. The analysis suggests that person‐centred care is an ethical stance, which gives prominence to both suffering and capability of the individual as a person. The dialectic analysis points towards the importance of extending person‐centred care to encompass population and societal perspectives and thereby avoiding a problematic tendency of affiliating person‐centred care with exclusively individualistic perspectives. Considerations for person‐centred palliative care on micro‐, meso‐ and macrolevels conclude the paper.
MutMapPlus identified novel mutant alleles of a rice starch branching enzyme IIb gene for fine‐tuning of cooked rice texture
Authors: Nakata Masaru , Miyashita Tomomi , Kimura Rieko , Nakata Yuriko , Takagi Hiroki , Kuroda Masaharu , Yamaguchi Takeshi , Umemoto Takayuki , Yamakawa Hiromoto
Published: May 2017

Physicochemical properties of storage starch largely determine rice grain quality and food characteristics. Therefore, modification of starch property is effective to fine‐tune cooked rice textures. To obtain new resources with modified starch property as breeding materials, we screened a mutant population of a japonica cultivar Nipponbare and found two independent mutant lines, altered gelatinization (age)1 and age2, with moderate changes in starch gelatinization property. A combination of conventional genetic analyses and the latest mapping method, MutMapPlus, revealed that both of these lines harbour novel independent mutant alleles of starch branching enzyme IIb (BEIIb) gene. In age1, amino acid substitution of Met‐723 to Lys completely abolished BEIIb enzyme activity without significant reduction in its protein level. A transposon insertion in an intron of BEIIb gene reduced BEIIb protein level and activity in age2. Production of a series of the mutant lines by combining age alleles and indica‐type starch synthase IIa allele established stepwise alteration of the physicochemical properties of starch including apparent amylose content, thermal property, digestibility by α‐amylase and branched structures of amylopectin. Consistent with the alteration of starch properties, the results of a sensory evaluation test demonstrated that warm cooked rice of the mutants showed a variety of textures without marked reduction in overall palatability. These results suggest that a series of the mutant lines are capable of manipulation of cooked rice textures.
High efficient multisites genome editing in allotetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) using CRISPR/Cas9 system
Authors: Wang Pengcheng , Zhang Jun , Sun Lin , Ma Yizan , Xu Jiao , Liang Sijia , Deng Jinwu , Tan Jiafu , Zhang Qinghua , Tu Lili , Daniell Henry , Jin Shuangxia , Zhang Xianlong
Published: May 2017

Gossypium hirsutum is an allotetraploid with a complex genome. Most genes have multiple copies that belong to At and Dt subgenomes. Sequence similarity is also very high between gene homologues. To efficiently achieve site/gene‐specific mutation is quite needed. Due to its high efficiency and robustness, the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 system has exerted broad site‐specific genome editing from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. In this study, we utilized a CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate two sgRNAs in a single vector to conduct multiple sites genome editing in allotetraploid cotton. An exogenously transformed gene Discosoma red fluorescent protein2(DsRed2) and an endogenous gene GhCLA1 were chosen as targets. The DsRed2‐edited plants in T0 generation reverted its traits to wild type, with vanished red fluorescence the whole plants. Besides, the mutated phenotype and genotype were inherited to their T1 progenies. For the endogenous gene GhCLA1, 75% of regenerated plants exhibited albino phenotype with obvious nucleotides and DNA fragments deletion. The efficiency of gene editing at each target site is 66.7–100%. The mutation genotype was checked for both genes with Sanger sequencing. Barcode‐based high‐throughput sequencing, which could be highly efficient for genotyping to a population of mutants, was conducted in GhCLA1‐edited T0 plants and it matched well with Sanger sequencing results. No off‐target editing was detected at the potential off‐target sites. These results prove that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is highly efficient and reliable for allotetraploid cotton genome editing.
Inducing unconscious stress: Cardiovascular activity in response to subliminal presentation of threatening and neutral words
Authors: van der Ploeg Melanie M. , Brosschot Jos F. , Verkuil Bart , Gillie Brandon L. , Williams DeWayne P. , Koenig Julian , Vasey Michael W. , Thayer Julian F.
Published: May 2017

Stress‐related cognitive processes may occur outside of awareness, here referred to as unconscious stress, and affect one's physiological state. Evidence supporting this idea would provide necessary clarification of the relationship between psychological stress and cardiovascular (CV) health problems. We tested the hypothesis that increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) and decreases in heart rate variability (HRV) would be larger when threatening stimuli are presented outside of awareness, or subliminally, compared with neutral stimuli. Additionally, it was expected that trait worry and resting HRV, as common risk factors for CV disease, would moderate the effect. We presented a subliminal semantic priming paradigm to college students that were randomly assigned to the threat (n = 56) or neutral condition (n = 60) and assessed changes from baseline of MAP, TPR, and HRV. Level of trait worry was assessed with the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. The findings indicate that CV activity changed according to the hypothesized pattern: A higher MAP and TPR and a lower HRV in the threat condition compared with the neutral condition were found with practically meaningful effect sizes. However, these findings were only statistically significant for TPR. Furthermore, changes in CV activity were not moderated by trait worry or resting HRV. This is the first study to explicitly address the role of subliminally presented threat words on health‐relevant outcome measures and suggests that unconscious stress can influence peripheral vascular resistance.
Health promotion for people with intellectual disabilities – A concept analysis
Authors: Roll Anne E.
Published: May 2017

Background

Whereas ‘health promotion’ is a well‐known concept for healthcare professionals, the concept of ‘health promotion for people with intellectual disabilities’ and its unique associated challenges are not well understood.

Aims and Objective

This article provides a systematic analysis of how health promotion is being conceptualised for people with intellectual disabilities and how health promotion can work best in the light of this group's specific needs and limitations.

Design

Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis.

Method

MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and SocINDEX were searched using the search terms ‘health promotion’, ‘people with intellectual disabilities’ and ‘developmental disabilities’. This review includes studies published between 1992 and 2014. A total of 52 articles were included.

Results

Health promotion for people intellectual disabilities, as discussed in the literature, focuses on four aspects, namely supporting a healthy lifestyle, providing health education, involving supporters and being person‐centred. Antecedents of the concept ‘health promotion for people with intellectual disabilities’ were healthcare access and sensitised healthcare providers. The outcomes were improved health, being empowered, enhanced quality of life and reduced health disparities.

Conclusion

This analysis provides a solid foundation for healthcare stakeholders' planning, implementing and evaluating health‐promotion activities for people with intellectual disabilities at the policy level and in the community.
Metagenomics analysis of red blood cell and fresh‐frozen plasma units
Authors: Lau Pierre , Cordey Samuel , Brito Francisco , Tirefort Diderik , Petty Thomas J. , Turin Lara , Guichebaron Arthur , Docquier Mylène , Zdobnov Evgeny M. , Waldvogel‐Abramowski Sophie , Lecompte Thomas , Kaiser Laurent , Preynat‐Seauve Olivier
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

Although the risk of transmitting infectious agents by blood transfusion is dramatically reduced after donor selection, leukoreduction, and laboratory testing, some could still be present in donor's blood. A description of metagenomes in blood products eligible for transfusion represents relevant information to evaluate the risk of pathogen transmission by transfusion.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Detection of viruses, bacteria, and fungi genomes was made by high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) of 600 manufactured blood products eligible for transfusion: 300 red blood cell (RBC) and 300 fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) units.

RESULTS

Anelloviruses and human pegivirus, frequent in the blood of healthy individuals, were found. Human papillomavirus type 27 and Merkel cell polyomavirus, present on the skin, were also detected. Unexpectedly, astrovirus MLB2 was identified and characterized in a FFP unit. The presence of astrovirus MLB2 was confirmed in donor's blood and corresponded to an asymptomatic acute viremia. Sequences of bacteria and fungi were also detected; they are likely the result of environmental contamination.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates that HTS is a promising tool for detecting common and less frequent infectious pathogens in blood products
Improved physical control of glyphosate‐resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) on rice paddy levees in Japan
Authors: Handayani Valentina Dwi Suci , Tanno Yuki , Yamashita Masayuki , Tobina Hiroyuki , Ichihara Minoru , Ishida Yoshiki , Sawada Hitoshi
Published: May 2017

Italian ryegrass (
Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a non‐native annual winter grass that has seriously infested rice paddy levees and wheat fields in Japan. Recently, glyphosate‐resistant Italian ryegrass was found on paddy levees in central Japan, thereby making control of the grass by using glyphosate less effective. In this study, physical control methods were tested that combined the timing and frequency of mowing in order to more effectively control glyphosate‐resistant Italian ryegrass on rice paddy levees. A 3 year field experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2014 in a western region of Shizuoka Prefecture, where glyphosate‐resistant Italian ryegrass has become dominant. Five treatments were tested: (i) mowing once before the flowering of the grass (i.e. conventional mowing measure); (ii) mowing once during flowering; (iii) mowing twice during flowering; (iv) glyphosate application before flowering (i.e. one of the conventional mowing measures); and (v) no treatment. The above‐ground biomass, seed production, soil seed bank and seedling occurrence of Italian ryegrass were measured to determine the effectiveness of these treatments. Mowing during the flowering period resulted in reduced above‐ground biomass, seed production and soil seed bank when compared with the other treatments. Additionally, mowing twice during the flowering period resulted in a lower seedling density than mowing once. The results suggest that, in this region, physical control by mowing during the flowering period would be more effective than conventional measures for controlling glyphosate‐resistant Italian ryegrass.
Differences in growth and herbicide sensitivity among Cyperus esculentus clones found in Belgian maize fields
Authors: De Cauwer B , De Ryck S , Claerhout S , Biesemans N , Reheul D
Published: May 2017

Cyperus esculentus is an invasive troublesome neophyte in many arable crops in Belgium. Applied weed control varies from field to field. One of the possible reasons for this variability might be a differential vegetative and reproductive behaviour among Belgian C. esculentus clones. In this study, growth characteristics and herbicide sensitivity of C. esculentus clones collected in Belgian maize (Zea mays) fields were evaluated. In a morphology Experiment, 25 clones were screened for growth characteristics and ability to set viable seeds under outdoor conditions. Dose–response experiments were conducted in the glasshouse to evaluate the effectiveness of two foliar‐applied herbicides (bentazon and glyphosate) and two pre‐sowing soil‐incorporated herbicides (S‐metolachlor and dimethenamid‐P) for controlling 14 C. esculentus clones. Response variables were aboveground dry biomass, tuber number, tuber dry biomass and individual tuber dry weight. Clones exhibited large differences in shoot number (up to 3.1‐fold), tuber dry biomass (up to 4.7‐fold), tuber number (up to 3.4‐fold), individual tuber dry weight (up to 4.8‐fold), inflorescence number and capacity to set viable seeds. Large interclonal differences in herbicide sensitivity (up to 8.3‐ and 4.0‐fold for aboveground dry biomass and tuber dry biomass, respectively) were observed. Contrary to foliar‐applied herbicides, soil‐incorporated herbicides were very effective and provided season‐long C. esculentus control at doses below the recommended maximum field dose. However, low doses stimulated tuber formation. Future C. esculentus management strategies should take into account differential growth characteristics and herbicide sensitivity of C. esculentus clones.
Training to Be an Early Childhood Professional: Teacher Candidates’ Perceptions about Their Education and Training
Authors: Brown Carmen Sherry , Cheddie Tracy N , Horry Lynell F , Monk Julia E
Published: May 2017

Professionalism in the context of early care and education has received considerable attention in recent years (Caulfield, 1997; Harte, 2011; Tigistu, 2013). According to the 2010 National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) Standards for Initial & Advanced Early Childhood Professional Preparation Programs, teacher candidates prepared in early childhood degree programs should identify and conduct themselves as members of the profession, know and use ethical guidelines and utilize other professional standards related to early childhood practice (NAEYC, 2012). In their final journal entry for a student teaching practicum course, teacher candidates in an accredited early childhood program reflected on what it means to be an early childhood professional. In alignment with the 2010 NAEYC Standards, teacher candidates appeared to recognize that being an early childhood professional means having an understanding of the specialized knowledge required to be effective in early childhood education. They also appeared to be aware that providing responsive, supportive curricula, which acknowledges and respects the whole child and family and their cultural backgrounds, is an integral aspect of the early childhood profession. Implications from this inquiry suggest that the early childhood program should ensure the fidelity to the NAEYC Standards by aligning assignments that incorporate the language and expectations of the Standards.
On descending cohomology geometrically
Authors: Achter Jeffrey D. , Casalaina-Martin Sebastian , Vial Charles
Published: May 2017

In this paper, motivated by a problem posed by Barry Mazur, we show that for smooth projective varieties over the rationals, the odd cohomology groups of degree less than or equal to the dimension can be modeled by the cohomology of an abelian variety, provided the geometric coniveau is maximal. This provides an affirmative answer to Mazur’s question for all uni-ruled threefolds, for instance. Concerning cohomology in degree three, we show that the image of the Abel–Jacobi map admits a distinguished model over the rationals.
Analysis of Fractional Viscoelastic Material With Mechanical
Parameters Dependent on Random Temperature
Authors: Alotta G. , Colinas-Armijo N.
Published: May 2017

It is well known that mechanical parameters of polymeric materials, e.g., epoxy resin, are strongly influenced by the temperature. On the other hand, in many applications, the temperature is not known exactly during the design process and this introduces uncertainties in the prevision of the behavior also when the stresses are deterministic. For this reason, in this paper, the mechanical behavior of an epoxy resin is characterized by means of a fractional viscoelastic model at different temperatures; then, a simple method to characterize the response of the fractional viscoelastic material at different temperatures modeled as a random variable with assigned probability density function (PDF) subjected to deterministic stresses is presented. It is found that the first- and second-order statistical moments of the response can be easily evaluated only by the knowledge of the PDF of the temperature and the behavior of the parameters with the temperature. Comparison with Monte Carlo simulations is also performed in order to assess the accuracy and the reliability of the method.
Efficient Multiscale Modeling and Validation of Residual Stress Field in Cutting
Authors: Wang F. , Liu Z. Y. , Guo Y. B. , Zhao J. , Liu Z. Q.
Published: May 2017

Residual stress (RS) has significant impact on cutting process optimization. However, conventional process modeling approaches are limited to only single cutting pass on very short length and time scales due to the exceedingly high computational cost. This work provides a new concept of equivalent loading which enables an efficient modeling approach to predict RS in an actual machined surface by incorporating multiple cutting passes and crossing different length and time scales. The predicted residual stress profiles are validated in turning Inconel 718 superalloy under different edge geometries and process conditions.
Transient Flow Study of a Novel Three-Cylinder Double-Acting Reciprocating Multiphase Pump
Authors: Ma Yi , Luo Huashuai , Gao Tao , Zhang Zhihong
Published: May 2017

In petroleum industry, the stability of multiphase pumping is highly disturbed by the gas' presence with high content and variable working conditions. This paper is focused on studying the whole working cycle of the novel three-cylinder double-acting reciprocating multiphase pump. Based on the theoretical analysis, the method of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is adopted to simulate the oil–gas flow in reciprocating multiphase pump. The numerical methodology, involving multiphase model, dynamic grid technique and user defined functions (UDF), is used to deal with in the calculation. The transient flow characteristics in pump cavity are obtained, and the flow ripples of reciprocating multiphase pump are analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of different operating parameters, such as suction and discharge pressures, inlet gas volume fraction (GVFi) on the capacity, and stability of pump, are studied. The results could help to develop and optimize the high-efficiency multiphase pump system.
The Tribological Characteristics of Cu-Based Friction Pairs in a Wet Multidisk Clutch Under Nonuniform Contact
Authors: Zhao Er-hui , Ma Biao , Li He-yan
Published: May 2017

This work is devoted to investigate the effects of thermal buckling on the tribological characteristics of a Cu-based wet clutch by artificially modifying friction pairs into different contact ratios. A thermal lubrication model is provided, and corresponding experiments are conducted on the wet clutch comprehensive test bench. The friction results from measurements and simulations for such modified friction pairs are analyzed. The results show that, as the contact ratio reduces, surface temperature rises obviously, and friction coefficient increases dramatically, so that local friction torque and total output torque grow significantly. In addition, the vibration of the output torque becomes more severe as the contact ratio reduces. Therefore, the nonuniform contact after thermal buckling exacerbates the friction characteristics of friction pairs severely and accelerates the failure of wet clutches.
Complete Genome Sequences of 12 Isolates of Listeria monocytogenes Belonging to Serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b Obtained from Food Products and Food-Processing Environments in Canada
Authors: Mottawea Walid , Chen Shu , Saleh-Lakha Saleema , Belanger Sebastien , Ogunremi Dele
Published: May 2017

Listeria monocytogenes
is the etiological agent for an often fatal foodborne illness known as listeriosis. Here, we present the complete genome sequences of 12
L. monocytogenes
isolates representing the three most common serotypes of this pathogen (1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b), collected in Canada from different food products and environmental sources.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus toyonensis VU-DES13, Isolated from
Folsomia candida
(
Collembola
:
Entomobryidae
)
Authors: Janssens Thierry K. S. , de Boer Tjalf E. , Agamennone Valeria , Zaagman Niels , van Straalen Nico M. , Roelofs Dick
Published: May 2017

We present here the draft genome of
Bacillus toyonensis
VU-DES13, which was isolated from the midgut of the soil-living springtail
Folsomia candida
. Previous research revealed the presence of gene clusters for the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites, including β-lactam antibiotics, in the host's genome. The genome data are discussed in the light of the antimicrobial properties against fungi and oomycetes and a high level of β-lactam resistance of the isolate.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Disinfectant Susceptibility Testing Reference Strain Staphylococcus aureus subsp.
aureus
ATCC 6538
Authors: Makarova Olga , Johnston Paul , Walther Birgit , Rolff Jens , Roesler Uwe
Published: May 2017

We report here the complete genome sequence of the methicillin-sensitive
Staphylococcus aureus
subsp.
aureus
strain ATCC 6538 (FDA 209, DSM 799, WDCM 00032, and NCTC 10788).
Analysis of an RNA-seq Strand-Specific Library from an East Timorese Cucumber Sample Reveals a Complete
Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus
Genome
Authors: Maina Solomon , Edwards Owain R. , de Almeida Luis , Ximenes Abel , Jones Roger A. C.
Published: May 2017

Analysis of an RNA-seq library from cucumber leaf RNA extracted from a fast technology for analysis of nucleic acids (FTA) card revealed the first complete genome of
Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus
(CABYV) from East Timor. We compare it with 35 complete CABYV genomes from other world regions. It most resembled the genome of the South Korean isolate HD118.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma bovis Strain 08M
Authors: Chen Shengli , Hao Huafang , Zhao Ping , Gao Pengcheng , He Ying , Ji Wenheng , Wang Zhanhui , Lu Zhongxin , Liu Yongsheng , Chu Yuefeng
Published: May 2017

Mycoplasma bovis
is a major bacterial pathogen that can cause respiratory disease, mastitis, and arthritis in cattle. We report here the complete and annotated genome sequence of
M. bovis
strain 08M, isolated from a calf lung with pneumonia in China.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp.
equisimilis
Strain C161L1 Isolated in Vellore, India
Authors: Babbar Anshu , Nitsche-Schmitz D. Patric , Pieper Dietmar H. , Barrantes Israel
Published: May 2017

Streptococcus dysgalactiae
subsp.
equisimilis
belongs to the β-hemolytic group C and G pyogenic group of streptococci. Here, we report the draft genome of the
S. dysgalactiae
subsp.
equisimilis
strain C161L1 from Vellore, a region in southern India with a high incidence rate of
S. dysgalactiae
subsp.
equisimilis
infection. This genome is 2.1 Mb long, with a 39.82% G+C content, and encodes 2,022 genes.
Medical Residents— Interest in and Current Status of Japanese Postgraduate Education in Acupuncture and Moxibustion: A Follow-Up Survey
Authors: Nakada Yoshinobu , Takashi Masanori , Arai Katsuhiko , Arai Makoto
Published: May 2017

Background

Japanese traditional medicine (Kampo medicine) is an important subject in Japanese medical schools. Acupuncture and moxibustion (AM), essential categories of Kampo medicine, are taught in a few medical schools today. However, the current state of postgraduate AM education is unknown.

Objective

To compare medical residents’ awareness of AM before their AM education in the 4th year of medical school with that after completion of their 2-year postgraduate medical residency.

Methods

We conducted a postal questionnaire survey of medical residents at the end of their 2-year residency. We required a signature on this questionnaire so that we could examine for changes in their awareness of AM with those determined by similar, signed, former questionnaire surveys conducted before and at the end of their 4th-year AM lectures in medical school (reported previously). The completed questionnaires were returned by mail or facsimile.

Results

Among 93 residents, there were 72 (77.4%) effective responses. Only three residents (4%) had opportunities to learn AM during residency. Among the 68 residents who were not afforded the opportunity to do so, after completing their two-year residency, 32(47%) stated that they would like to study AM. Interest in AM was significantly less than that of the proportion of medical students (81%) who were initially interested in AM when surveyed just before their fourth year lectures on AM.

Conclusions

Postgraduate AM education for medical residents appears to be relatively scarce in Japan. Moreover, medical residents’ levels of interest in AM were lower than those demonstrated before their 4th-year AM lectures in medical school.
Emergency corneal grafting in the UK: a 6-year analysis of the UK Transplant Registry
Authors: Hossain Parwez , Tourkmani Abdo Karim , Kazakos Dimitri , Jones Mark , Anderson David
Published: May 2017

Background

Corneal graft (CG) surgery is the most common and successful tissue transplant worldwide. A small and important group of patients are operated in emergency situations, typically to save a perforated eye. Our knowledge of the indications and outcomes of emergency corneal graft (eCG) is limited.

Methods

Retrospective, multifactorial analysis of all CGs registered by the UK Transplant Service from April 1999 to March 2005.

Results

A total of 12 976 CGs were performed. 1330 (11.4%) were eCGs including 433 regrafts. Actual perforation occurred in 876 (65.9%) patients. 420 (31.5%) grafts were for tectonic purposes alone and 217 (16.3%) were also grafted for visual rehabilitation. The main diagnostic categories were infection (39.4%), non-infectious ulcerative keratitis (32.2%) and other causes (ectasias, previous ocular surgery, injury, dystrophies and opacification). Graft survival of first eCG at 1, 2 and 5 years was 78%, 66% and 47%, respectively. Best-corrected visual acuity of surviving grafts at 1 year was: 6/12 or better in 29.9%, 6/18 to 6/60 in 38.4%, counting finger to LP in 30.6% and NPL in 1%, with worsening of vision in only 8.7% of the patients.

Conclusion

This study which is the largest of its kind shows that despite the seriousness of the critical corneal pathology and the surgical challenges that it poses, the outcomes of eCG are favourable with most patients keeping their eyesight and avoiding immediate rejection. These clinical outcomes show the value of eye banking facilities that are developed to support corneal tissue supply for eCG.
Comparison of enteral versus intravenous potassium supplementation in hypokalaemia in paediatric patients in intensive care post cardiac surgery: open-label randomised equivalence trial (EIPS)
Authors: Rehman Siddiqu Naveed ur , Merchant Quratulain , Hasan Babar S , Rizvi Arjumand , Amanullah Muneer , Rehmat Amina , ul Haq Anwarul
Published: May 2017

Objectives

The primary objective was to compare the efficacy of enteral potassium replacement (EPR) and intravenous potassium replacement (IVPR) as first-line therapy. Secondary objectives included comparison of adverse effects and number of doses required to resolve the episode of hypokalaemia.

Trial design

The EIPS trial is designed as a randomised, equivalence trial between two treatment arms.

Study setting

The study was conducted at the paediatric cardiac intensive care unit (PCICU) at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.

Participants

41 patients (aged 1 month to 15 years) who were admitted to PCICU post cardiac surgery were recruited (23 IVPR arm and 18 EPR arm).

Intervention

Intervention arms were block randomised on alternate weeks for IVPR and EPR.

Outcome measure

Change in serum potassium levels in (mmol/L) and percentage change after each event of potassium replacement by the intravenous or enteral route.

Results

Both groups (41 patients) had similar baseline characteristics. Mean age was 4.7 (SD±4) years while the most common surgical procedure was ventricular septal defect repair (12 patients, 29.3%). No mortality was observed in either arm. Four episodes of vomiting and one arrhythmia were seen in the EPR group. After adjusting for age, potassium level at the beginning of the episode, average urine output, inotropic score and diuretic dose, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference in change in potassium levels after EPR and IVPR: 0.86 mmol/L (±0.8) and 0.82 mmol/L (±0.7) respectively (p=0.86, 95% CI −0.08 to 1.10), or percentage change in potassium level after enteral and intravenous replacement: 26% (±30) and 24% (±20) (95% CI −3.42 to 4.03, p=0.87).

Conclusion

EPR may be an equally efficacious alternative first-line therapy in treating hypokalaemia after surgery in selective patients with congenital heart disease.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by Ethics Review Committee at AKU.

Trial registration number

NCT02015962.
Automated control of mechanical ventilation during general anaesthesia: study protocol of a bicentric observational study (AVAS)
Authors: Schädler Dirk , Miestinger Georg , Becher Tobias , Frerichs Inéz , Weiler Norbert , Hörmann Christoph
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Automated control of mechanical ventilation during general anaesthesia is not common. A novel system for automated control of most of the ventilator settings was designed and is available on an anaesthesia machine.

Methods and analysis

The ‘Automated control of mechanical ventilation during general anesthesia study’ (AVAS) is an international investigator-initiated bicentric observational study designed to examine safety and efficacy of the system during general anaesthesia. The system controls mechanical breathing frequency, inspiratory pressure, pressure support, inspiratory time and trigger sensitivity with the aim to keep a patient stable in user adoptable target zones. Adult patients, who are classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I, II or III, scheduled for elective surgery of the upper or lower limb or for peripheral vascular surgery in general anaesthesia without any additional regional anaesthesia technique and who gave written consent for study participation are eligible for study inclusion. Primary endpoint of the study is the frequency of specifically defined adverse events. Secondary endpoints are frequency of normoventilation, hypoventilation and hyperventilation, the time period between switch from controlled ventilation to assisted ventilation, achievement of stable assisted ventilation of the patient, proportion of time within the target zone for tidal volume, end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide as individually set up for each patient by the user, frequency of alarms, frequency distribution of tidal volume, inspiratory pressure, inspiration time, expiration time, end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide and the number of re-intubations.

Ethics and dissemination

AVAS will be the first clinical study investigating a novel automated system for the control of mechanical ventilation on an anaesthesia machine. The study was approved by the ethics committees of both participating study sites. In case that safety and efficacy are acceptable, a randomised controlled trial comparing the novel system with the usual practice may be warranted.

Trial registration

DRKS DRKS00011025, registered 12 October 2016;clinicaltrials.govID.NCT02644005, registered 30 December 2015.