bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiological Imaging Findings of Walker-Warburg Syndrome
Authors: KIZILOĞLU Hüseyin Alper
Published: January 2024

Walker-Warburg Syndrome creates a W-shaped appearance in the brainstem.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Gujarati Version of Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale for Assessing Cognition in Elderly Population
Authors: Agrawal Mohit , Sutariya Zil
Published: January 2024

Background: The Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) has less educational bias when compared to other cognitive assessment scales like MMSE and MoCA. But its performance has not been adequately addressed in Indian population. Moreover, there are very less scales for cognition which are available in Guajarati language which can be taken in elderly population. Therefore, the reliability and validity of Gujarati-RUDAS in elderly population needs to be tested.
Purpose: To determine the reliability and validity of the translated Gujarati version of Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) for assessing cognition in elderly population.
Methodology: A total of 60 subjects were included in this study according to the inclusion criteria. After gaining cross-cultural adaptations, reliability was assessed with intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, analyzed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Validity was assessed with content validity, analyzed by content validity index (CVI),
Result: Intra-rater reliability was having good reliability with ICC value of 0.757 and inter-rater reliability was found to be moderately reliable with ICC value of 0.700. Content validity was found to be good with CVI of 1.
Conclusion: The Gujarati version of RUDAS (G-RUDAS) is a reliable and valid tool for the screening of cognitive impairment among elderly population.

Keywords: Cognition, Validation, Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS), Gujarati version, Geriatrics, Psychometric properties, cross-cultural adaptation.
Влияние специальной военной операции на процессы социальной консолидации в Белгородской области
Authors: Реутов Евгений Викторович
Published: January 2024

Социальная консолидация рассматривается как многоуровневый и нелинейный процесс, сущность которого заключается в укреплении социальных связей, ценностного консенсуса и в усилении коллективной идентичности в территориальных сообществах, социальных группах иного рода, общества в целом. На основании результатов регионального социологического исследования выявляется тенденция к консолидации регионального социума в контексте специальной военной операции одновременно с усилением потенциала ценностных расколов и конфликтности. При этом одна из наиболее заметных линий ценностных расхождений и оценок ситуации имеет межпоколенческий характер.
RAMAN ANALYSIS OF NANOCRYSTALS BASED ON ZINC SELENIDE
Authors: Akylbekova A. D. , Sarsekhan G. G. , Dauletbekova A. K. , Baimukhanov Z. K. , Usseinov A. B.
Published: January 2024

This paper presents the results that were synthesized by nanocrystals based on zinc selenide by thermal synthesis and studied using micro-Raman spectroscopy before and after thermal annealing at 800 ℃ and 1000 ℃. The heat treatment of the synthesized samples was carried out in the AVERON electric vacuum furnace, lasting 60 minutes. The optical properties of the samples – photoluminescence (PL) and raman spectra – have been studied. Photoluminescence spectra were measured at room temperature using a CM2203 spectrofluorimeter. Raman spectra were measured using a Raman spectrometer (NT-MDT). The spectrometer used a solid-state laser with a wavelength of 473 nm. Raman spectra of zinc selenite (ZnSeO3) nanocrystals before annealing showed modes 665, 695, 825 and 973 cm−1. After thermal annealing, a downward shift of peaks was observed. In addition, the Raman spectra showed LO shifts with the duration of the deposition time. The Raman spectra of zinc selenide at room temperature showed the main peaks at 199, 247, 498 and 501 cm−1. During heat treatment of ZnSe at 800 °C and 1000 °C, an expansion of asymmetry was observed for horizontal optical (TO)-phonon and longitudinal optical (LO)-phonon modes with an increase in annealing temperature and redshifts in the shapes of Raman lines. The photoluminescence spectra of zinc selenide, depending on temperature, were represented by wide bands located at wavelengths of 350–650 nm. The PL spectra were recorded at room temperature from 300 to 800 nm in 5 nm increments using a xenon lamp. Zinc selenide before heat treatment showed photoluminescence bands at 1.93, 2.3, 2.56, 2.75 and 2.97 eV. The volume radiation of ZnSe at the boundary of the nearest band corresponded to the band of strong radiation at 2.84 eV. 3.2 eV is associated with the absorption of ZnO nanoparticles through the edge of the band. ZnSeO3 samples before annealing show one wide band of photoluminescence in the blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum about 2.82 eV. After thermal annealing at 1000 °C, a transition to a longer wave region with a wavelength of 2.86 eV is observed. Since thermal annealing is suitable for crystallization, it has led to an increase in luminescent efficiency. 60 minutes of high-temperature firing of the samples resulted in a loss of Se due to the effect of temperature on the zinc selenide content. Thermal combustion of zinc selenide-based nanocrystals was characterized by an increase in FWHM and a decrease in intensity in the photoluminescence spectra with increasing temperature.
Evaluating the Role of Private Institutions in Shaping the Future of Higher Education
Authors: Vikram Bajaj, Et. al
Published: January 2024

The study demonstrates that higher education in India is profoundly pertinent, as it actively contributes to the advancement of the economy, facilitates social mobility, and fosters cultural development. Private institutions are vital in influencing the future of higher education through their contributions in expanding accessibility, promoting innovation, and sustaining industry relationships. Ensuring a harmonious equilibrium between these positive contributions and obstacles such as cost-effectiveness and guaranteeing good standards is crucial for the ongoing improvement of the higher education system in India. This study investigates the diverse and complex impact of private institutions on the direction of higher education and the formation of its future environment. The research seeks to shed light on the influence of private institutions in various important areas, such as access, innovation, infrastructure, global collaboration, research and development, entrepreneurship, and governance, through a thorough assessment. By combining current research and empirical assessments, the study offers valuable insights into the advantages and difficulties linked to private higher education institutions. The findings emphasise the role of these institutions in enhancing accessibility, addressing industry demands, and making progress in curriculum development and teaching methods. This research enhances our understanding of the influence of private institutions on the changing higher education system. It provides valuable insights for policy, regulation, and future advancements in the field.
El papel del jurista de prisiones
Authors: Solar Calvo Puerto
Published: January 2024

El papel del jurista de prisiones es mucho más amplio de lo que habitualmente se explica. Las posibilidades de intervención, no solo tratamental, sino también jurídica,que se abren una vez recaída la sentencia, son inmensas y no siempre se aprovechan. El presente trabajo propone líneas de actuación para que la labor de los juristas de prisiones no se limite a esperar a que lleguen las fechas relevantes de cumplimiento.
¿La edad como criterio de triaje? Una discusión sobre el triaje ex ante y el criterio fair-innings
Authors: Tuñón Corti María Lucila
Published: January 2024

En este trabajo se presenta la problemática del triaje ex ante desde el punto devista de la dogmática del Derecho penal y su relación con la bioética. En los últimosaños se ha producido un cambio de perspectiva en la teoría del Derecho penal encuanto a los criterios que deberían jerarquizar los deberes de actuar de un médicoque tiene que elegir a qué paciente tratar en una emergencia sanitaria como la delCovid-19. Uno de los criterios más controvertidos, aunque aplicado en algunos países,es el criterio de la edad. En este artículo se expondrán dos propuestas desarrolladasen la bioética para tener en cuenta la edad en las decisiones de triaje: una desdeun punto de vista consecuencialista y otra desde la ética deontológica. En particular,se considerará que esta última perspectiva es la más prometedora de las dos, aunquela discusión recién ha comenzado.
Seminario: «Alcalá y su patrimonio. Una visión desde la justicia penal: cárceles, galeras y prisiones» La experiencia penal en los establecimientos de primeros del siglo xx. Modelos penitenciarios y su inicio en Alcalá
Authors: Sanz Delgado Enrique
Published: January 2024

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「文學」與「歷史」的對話之旅——重讀李喬《結義西來庵》
Authors: 明田川聰士 明田川聰士
Published: January 2024

本論文聚焦討論李喬1977年的《結義西來庵》，該作品以1915年臺灣大規模武裝抗日的西來庵事件為主題，是李喬首部以歷史素材創作的長篇小說。筆者從1978年及1979年的4 篇評論出發，重新探索、評價《結義西來庵》這部作品。本文企圖藉由此重新閱讀的過程思考李喬如何在臺灣戒嚴時期的官方出版品中書寫歷史，運用人物角色的配置與敘事結構一步步追尋認同、根源及在地情感，創造「文學」與「歷史」的對話空間。李喬的《結義西來庵》不僅只是七〇年代國民政府以抗日敘事宣揚中華民族精神的官方讀物，更是他作家生涯中思索事實／真實及文學／歷史的重要契機，不論作品本身或其創作過程均為李喬日後的歷史素材小說提供了重要起點。

 

This paper focuses on the reexamination of Lee Chiao’s debut historical novel, "Friends at Xilai Temple" (Jieyi Xilai’an 結義西來庵) (1977). By revisiting the character dynamics and narrative structure within the context of textual analysis, this study aims to uncover how Lee Chiao approached historical writing within the constraints of official publication during Taiwan’s martial law era. The significance of Friends at Xilai Temple, released in 1977, surpasses its role as a mere tool for the Kuomintang government’s political agenda; it serves as a pivotal juncture in Lee Chiao’s writing trajectory. Within this work, Lee Chiao embarks on an exploration of the intersections between history/literature and reality/truth. Furthermore, it serves as a gateway to his profound investigation of identity, local consciousness, and subjectivity.

 
ՎԱՐՉԱԿԱՆ ԱԿՏԻ ՕՐԻՆԱԿԱՆՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ՊԱՏՇԱՃ ՎԱՐՉԱՐԱՐՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԻՆՍՏԻՏՈՒՏԻ ՀԱՄԱՏԵՔՍՏՈՒՄ/ LEGALITY OF AN ADMINISTRATIVE ACT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE INSTITUTION OF GOOD GOVERNANCE/ ЗАКОННОСТЬ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНОГО АКТА В КОНТЕКСТЕ ИНСТИТУТА НАДЛЕЖАЩЕГО АДМИНИСТРИРОВАНИЯ
Authors: Smbatyan Zaven
Published: January 2024

The article discusses in detail the administrative act as an element enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Armenia and an integral part of proper administration.:

The purpose of this article is to consolidate common judgments on the legality of an administrative act as a tool to guarantee the proper administration of administrative bodies based on legal research, as well as a clear consolidation of this concept in the current legislative field of the Republic of Armenia based on theoretical and practical experience:

The article discusses an issue that has been reflected to one degree or another in the works of various authors, but has not been the subject of a separate comprehensive scientific discussion and legal analysis of the problems arising around the institute that makes up the content of the topic, which was an attempt to do in this work:

The value and practical significance of this work, as well as the novelty, are manifested in the separation of the constitutional-legal and administrative-legal perception of the institution of proper administration, as a result of the discussion of the proposal of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, the formulation of common perceptions based on the identification and evaluation of the element of proper administration and optimization of existing regulations.
Upper limb ischemia at birth
Authors: Al-Ahmadi Abrar , Jayar Lamiaa
Published: January 2024

The aim of this case report: is to present and discuss the clinical features, diagnostic challenges, management strategies, and outcomes of two cases involving upper limb ischemia in neonates. By examining these cases, we aim to contribute to the understanding of the underlying causes, diagnostic pathways, and potential interventions for neonates presenting with upper limb ischemia, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management to minimize complications and enhance patient outcomes. Discussion Summary: ABS presents a range of fetal abnormalities caused by fibrous bands in the womb, leading to deformities and developmental interruptions. Limb constriction rings are common, potentially resulting in limb loss or digit deformities. Neonatal limb ischemia, particularly acute limb ischemia, is rare but associated with catheterization. In utero compression ischemia, often affecting the brachial artery, can lead to limb ischemia. Risk factors include maternal conditions like diabetes, dehydration, and more. Proper delivery planning is crucial for macrosomic infants. Diagnosis and management of neonatal limb ischemia are challenging. Doppler ultrasound is the primary diagnostic tool, with fetal CT enhancing prenatal assessment. Thrombolytic therapy, including alteplase and heparin, is a common treatment.
Evaluation of Collaborative Decision-making Effectiveness in Terms of Accuracy and Reliability
Authors:   Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria, Kasper Lukas , Konopka Dzvenyslava ,   Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
Published: January 2024

A lack of understanding of the nature of decision-making in organisations results in a behavioural pattern of poor decision-making strategies and tactics. Сollaborators must recognize the strengths and weaknesses within their own efforts. This paper addresses the need for more research on why and how to evaluate collaborative rationality-based decisions, setting the stage for future studies in developing holistic evaluation solutions. Theoretical and empirical work suggests that collective decisions can be more accurate than individual decisions. As compared to individuals, groups tend to show a decision advantage in their response accuracy. The results obtained demonstrate that the conventional view of the wisdom of crowds may not be informative in complex and realistic environments, and that being in small groups can maximize decision accuracy across many contexts. The article also propose that decision-making style will moderate the relationship between knowledge creation process and organizational performance. We discuss means of managing some pitfalls on this way and make recommendations on how to ensure better group decisions.
Escrever e tentar de novo e fracassar de novo e fracassar melhor
Authors: Rodrigues Elisandro , Da Costa Luciano Bedin
Published: January 2024

Este ensaio teórico disserta sobre a escrita acadêmica, não aquela salvacionista e que promete mundo, mas aquela que navega em tornos de possíveis e agencia-se com e pela arte e literatura. Fala-se aqui de uma escrita-saúde, de uma escrita desejante, de uma escrita menor. Coloca-se em movimento o pensamento e a escrita através da imagem que configura-se como uma função estética, que também seja ética e com um viés político, pois assim, cria-se um outro modo de viver a escrita [e a vida]. Ensaia-se uma escrita que fracassa enquanto potência, enquanto entre, enquanto montagem do pensamento.
aʔkwaⁿdaʔtsǫⁿgyaʔ—We All Made Pottery: A Wendat Perspective to Ancestral Wendat Pottery Making
Authors: Dorland Steven G. H. , Braun Greg V. , Kwan Daniel H. , Smith David G.
Published: January 2024

This article investigates ancestral Wendat pottery making in southern Ontario through the Wendat perspective of Sǫhahiyǫh, a Wendat potter. Our study is based on eyewitness accounts of Sǫhahiyǫh making pots, along with detailed photographs and his own artistic reflections on his gestures related to all stages of pottery making. To create a detailed description that sheds light on ancestral Wendat potting communities and their practices, we investigate the entanglement of material interactions, personalized embodied knowledge of a highly skilled potter, and Wendat practices and beliefs. Our research provides an enhanced understanding of ceramic traditions and demonstrates the opportunities that arise from building relationships with Indigenous community members and centering Indigenous perspectives to study past material practices in the Lower Great Lakes region.
Research on "One-stop" Student Community Comprehensive Management Model
Authors: Chen Xueling
Published: January 2024

With the advent of informationization of education, massification of higher education, and the widespread popularity of credit system and course selection system, college students' reliance on and demand for student community is increasing, and student community is becoming the most frequent and stable place for students to communicate and interact, and an important educational position outside the classroom, and the status of student community is becoming more and more prominent in the system of education in colleges and universities. The construction of "one-stop" student community comprehensive management mode is an exploration of the way and path of nurturing, and is an important initiative to promote the comprehensive reform of " comprehensive nurturing" and to cultivate new talents of the times. Drawing on the experience of community construction in other universities, Southwest University for Nationalities is taking strong initiatives in twelve areas to promote the construction of the "one-stop" student community by combining the advantages and characteristics of the university. Since its popularization and application in 2019, it has become an important position for promoting the high-quality development of universities and has become a useful exploration that highlights the fundamental attributes and unique advantages of socialist universities with Chinese characteristics.
Interpretation of the First Sentence of “Rituals for the Meeting of the Scholars.”
Authors: Deng Qilong
Published: January 2024

This thesis compares the differences in content between the excavated and surviving versions of the two documents, further explores the glyph and the interpretations of some of the characters in “The I-YI”, solves the problems related to the confusion of the content of the text of “The I-YI” and the ambiguity of the annotations of the successive generations, and restores the original appearance of the Book of Rites as much as possible. By collating and interpreting the texts, focusing on the identification of forgeries in the contents of the texts, restoring the Confucian classics and reinterpreting Confucian thinking, etc., all of these have certain value. It is also intended to provide a small measure of assistance to scholars who will engage in related research in the future.
The Eligibility Analysis of Patent Rights as the Subject of Financing Leases
Authors: Wu Shenghua
Published: January 2024

With the development of patents, China has become a world leader in patent applications. However, the industrialization rate of patents is low, and there is an urgent need for viable patent financing options. Patent rights financing leasing, as a financing method that has evolved in the market, lacks clear legal provisions. Given the unique characteristics of intellectual property, it is worth exploring the eligibility of patents as the subject of financing leases from both a legal and practical perspective. Furthermore, relevant laws and regulations need further refinement to reduce compliance risks associated with patent rights financing leasing.
Research on the Innovative Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Context of Globalization
Authors: Zhao Jingyi
Published: January 2024

Globalization, as a significant trend in today's world development, is profoundly changing our way of life and cultural landscape. In this context, the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage (ICH), as the essence of national culture, face unprecedented challenges and opportunities. ICH, the precious wealth of a nation, a region, and even all of humanity, carries the history, culture, and traditions of a people. However, with the acceleration of globalization and modernization, many ICHs are at risk of disappearing. Therefore, how to innovatively develop ICH in the context of globalization has become an urgent issue. The innovative development of ICH under globalization is a complex and significant topic, requiring multiple perspectives and various measures and methods to promote its innovative development. Over time, better protection and inheritance of these precious cultural heritages can be achieved, allowing them to rejuvenate in the context of globalization, better adapt to the needs of the times, and provide new impetus for local economic and social development.
Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing (SAST)
Authors: Barabba Vince , Mitroff Ian
Published: January 2024

This chapter describes a particular method—Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing or SAST--for surfacing and critiquing the critical assumptions that underlie all important actions and decisions. It not only describes it via several examples, but outlines the conditions necessary for its successful use.
Dialogic Design Science
Authors: Kakoulaki Maria , Flanagan Thomas , Christakis Alexander
Published: January 2024

Dialogic Design Science (DDS) has been developed for the sole purpose to enable people from all walks of life to think and act systemically. In this chapter, the components of DDS are presented and connected in the context of the Domain of Science Model (DOSM) of John Warfield which encompasses four distinct and complementary domains for the evolution of any science. An application of the science in designing a Visionary Anticipation for 15 Wine Villages in the Republic of Cyprus is presented with the engagement of a variety of stakeholders. The prospective research for the evolution of DDS is also discussed through the development of a collective awareness platform, which is called iDemocreate.
Systemic Innovation
Authors: Lindhult Erik
Published: January 2024

This chapter outlines the scope and potentials of an emerging landscape of systemic innovation. Systemic innovation has emerged and been predominantly used in the innovation studies and management field, with limited reference to the literature on systems thinking or systems science. Different uses of the concept in five different domains is described to understand and focus on systemic aspects of innovation in various ways; (1) innovations dependent on complementary innovations and adjustment in larger system; (2) national/regional system of innovation supporting/restricting micro level innovation initiatives, (3) transformative change and system transition e.g. in sustainability, (4) collaboration in innovation networks and ecosystems, and (5) processes enabling innovating actors to think and act systemically. In the last, least developed use systems concepts and practices can empower innovation to change thinking, boundaries, relationships, interactions, and actions by creating new synergistic solutions and transformations. The chapter proceeds by identifying opportunities to enhance the theory and practice of systemic innovation by drawing upon the literature and the range of methodologies on systems thinking, e.g. by enabling stakeholder dialogue and value-based boundary reflection. An example is given where soft systems methodology is enabling systemic innovation processes of creation of business models among stakeholders in ecosystems. Furthermore, systems thinking can help to clarify the meaning of innovating systemically; to innovate not only products and services, but also boundaries and identities, relations and interaction dynamics, whole–part organization, and perspectives and framings in processes aimed at enhanced synergistic value creation. At the same time, innovation activity can embed systems thinking into innovation as a leading change and transformation praxis today pointing to fourth wave systems thinking. Systemic innovation can help to further a praxis-oriented development of innovating boundaries, systems, relationships, and perspectives in co-creative, synergistic value-creation processes to democratically transform our interconnected world to the better.
AMESH
Authors: Waltner-Toews David
Published: January 2024

Beginning in about 1990 and continuing into the present, an international network of researchers has developed and tested a methodology for integrating complex systems theories into sustainable development projects. Drawing on a theoretical understanding of complex systems and combining it with Checkland’s Soft Systems Methodology and best practices of community engagement drawn from a wide variety of sources, we have developed a methodology that is theoretically sound and practically effective. AMESH, an Adaptive Methodology for Ecosystem Sustainability and Health, has emerged from, and been tested in, Nepal, Kenya, Canada, and Peru.
WSR
Authors: Zhu Zhichang
Published: January 2024

Evolving out from contemporary Chinese management practice, traditional Chinese thought and international academic encounters, the Wuli-Shili-Renli (WSR) approach urges knowing wuli (the technical-material), reflecting on shili (the mental-cognitive) and caring for renli (the social-emotional) in management decision making. Underlain by coherent ontology, epistemology and methodology, WSR has been used to assist formal engineering projects such as water resources management as well as informal coping which includes understanding social-economic reforms, improving business strategy and enriching the theory of the firm. As information complexity and value complexity grow rapidly within, and beyond, China, WSR should ideally develop into a multi-perspective, multi-method, multi-actor, general purpose management approach, as a useful tool for building an open, justice and prosperous society.
Systems Thinking and the Engineering Leader
Authors: Schreiner James , Gibson Hise , Morales Ricardo
Published: January 2024

Engineering Leadership (EL) is a dynamic undertaking which seeks the alignment of the many ‘ways and means’ to achieve organizational goals, and thus realize advancement in engineering and technological disciplines. This chapter examines the core competencies of the Engineering Leader, the role and ‘fit’ of Systems Thinking in EL, and how an organization might invest in a culture of EL growth. A historic and contemporary review of contributors in leadership and technical management theory are presented alongside applied vignettes. Mental model representations of core competencies and Systems Engineering in EL provide a graphical road-map to think about developing Engineering Leaders.
The Universal Cognitive Grammar of Systems Mapping
Authors: Castellanos Canales Arturo , Lucio Maymon Paulina , Cabrera Derek
Published: January 2024

It is well established that visualization is of paramount importance to individual and collective cognition, understanding, imagination, innovation, and knowledge creation. This paper explores the research, theory, and practice that helps us to define and explicate the processes of Systems Mapping. It provides three critical insights: (1) that "visualizing" is a proxy for numerous other functional operations such as: tactile or tangible manipulation and movement; object-orientation; social navigation; and, embodied learning; (2) that any definition of Systems Mapping that does not include an explication of the implicit cognitive structures is lacking; and, (3) that Systems Mapping, like Systems Thinking, must be derived from a universal cognitive grammar (UCG) that parallels physical structures in the universe. The paper concludes that a Rubric to Evaluate Systems Mapping Tools is needed to assess the necessary and sufficient features of any Systems mapping medium (i.e., internal thought, white or blackboarding, tactile manipulatives, software, group process, etc).
Effect of Educational Intervention on Neonatal Nurses Practices Regarding Oral Motor Stimulation on Early Transition from Tube to Oral Feeding in Preterm Infants
Authors: Naz Samina , Afzal Muhammad , Mukhtar Madiha
Published: January 2024

Nurses working in neonatal nursery units play a crucial role in assessing the preterm infants feeding readiness cues for initiation of oral feeding and implementing the evidence-based intervention to support the development of feeding skills. Objectives: To assess the effect of educational intervention on neonatal nurses’ practices regarding oral Motor stimulation on early transition from to oral oral feeding in preterm infants. Methods: A quasi-experimental single group study conducted in Children Hospital Lahore from May to July 2023. Pre and post intervention data was collected through the observational checklist from 36 nurses working in Neonatology. Nurses were educated through PowerPoint presentation and direct demonstration on infants. Results: Descriptive statistics showed that Majority of nurses were having diploma in nursing, 4-10 years’ experience and belonged to 31-45 years age category. In inferential statistics Paired sample t-test revealed that the majority of nurses (100%, n=36) had incompetent practices before training which were improved (91.6%, n=33) after educational intervention with significant p-value<0.05. Conclusions: The nurses who received training revealed competent practices so we conclude that educational intervention was effective to improve the nurses’ practices.
Comparison between the Young and Elderly Diagnosed Patients of Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Khan Ramsha , Javed Umar , Ur Rehman Atiq
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer presents a significant health challenge in Pakistan, marked by high incidence rates and specific cultural and societal barriers to early detection and treatment. Objective: To compare diagnosed cases of CA breast in younger and older  patients in terms of mode of presentation, TNM stage at presentation, histological variety and hormonal status. Methods: In our prospective comparative study conducted at the Department of Surgery, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, we included a total of 220 breast cancer patients aged 20 years and above. Patients were stratified into two distinct age groups for comparison: younger patients (aged less than or equal to 35 years) and older patients (aged more than 35 years). Modes of presentation, histological types, and hormonal receptor statuses were compared between the both groups. Results: In a study of 220 breast cancer patients with a mean age of 42.97 years, younger patients (≤35 years) constituted 24%, while older patients (>35 years) made up 76%. The most common presentation was lump formation (78.18%), mainly in older patients. Ulceration was evenly distributed across age groups. Histologically, invasive ductal carcinoma Grade III was more frequent in older patients, whereas Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) was exclusive to younger patients, underscoring distinct age-related disease patterns. Conclusions: Our study revealed significant age-related differences in breast cancer presentation among Pakistani patients. Older patients (>35 years) predominantly presented with lump formation, suggesting diagnostic delays, while all younger patients (≤35 years) had DCIS, indicating possible early detection or unique tumor biology. Additionally, older patients exhibited higher ER and PR positivity.
Digital resurrection of historical figures: A case study on Mary Sibley through customized ChatGPT
Authors: Hutson James , Huffman Paul , Ratican Jeremiah
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the emerging realm of digital resurrection, focusing on Mary Sibley (1800–1878), the esteemed founder of Lindenwood University. The core objective was to demonstrate the capability of advanced artificial intelligence, specifically a customized version of ChatGPT, in revitalizing historical figures for educational and engagement purposes. By integrating comprehensive diaries from Sibley with Claude 2.0, the research utilized a substantial autobiographical dataset to develop a GPT beta version that replicates her distinct voice and tone. The incorporation of her official portrait and diaries into the GPT Builder was pivotal, creating an interactive platform that accurately reflects her perspectives on critical issues such as gender roles, women’s education, and religious beliefs. This approach signifies a considerable advancement from previous methods of historical engagement, offering a more dynamic and immersive learning experience. The collaboration with the university archivist was instrumental in refining the AI to align closely with the known worldview of the subject, showcasing the significance of expert input in achieving authenticity in digital recreations. The successful implementation of this project illuminates the potential for future research in digital resurrections, especially for historical figures with extensive personal writings. It underscores the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration, involving both historical expertise and technological innovation, to ensure the accuracy and ethical representation of such figures. The results from this study contribute significantly to the field of digital humanities, proposing a novel approach to historical education and interactive learning.
Perspectives On and Of Livy’s Tarpeia
Authors: Welch Tara
Published: January 2024

This essay examines the exemplary force of the women in Livy’s first book. A close reading of the Tarpeia and Horatia episodes reveals that Livy does not permit his reader to come to any firm conclusion about the moral lesson these stories offer. On the contrary: the historian emphasizes the indeterminacy of these episodes in two ways. First, Livy positions Tarpeia and Horatia both as Roman daughters and as potential allies to the foreign men who claim their allegiance; they thus are simultaneously insiders and outsiders and assist Rome’s assimilation of others while also threatening Rome’s integrity. Second, Livy mentions multiple and conflicting versions of the stories themselves, leaving it to the reader to choose and construct a narrative. Like Tarpeia and Horatia, Livy’s readers are faced with a fragmented and fragmentary picture that resists exemplary categorization as good/imitable or bad/inimitable.
Les bouclettes d’Encolpe (Sat. 109.9) : une critique pétronienne du néo-alexandrinisme ovidien ?
Authors: Klein Florence
Published: January 2024

Cet article se propose de voir dans l’elegidarion capillorum d’Eumolpe, qui fait l’éloge de la chevelure perdue d’Encolpe et de Giton, une attaque contre les afféteries stylistiques des poètes néo-callimachéens dont Ovide était, à l’époque impériale, considéré comme le modèle. Pour cela, le texte du Satiricon s’appuie sur une métaphore genrée de la critique littéraire qui caractérise comme efféminé un style inutilement alambiqué, avec l’image de la coiffure, des bouclettes et des frisottis d’une écriture trop précieuse. Dans cette « petite élégie capillaire » qui vise conjointement ses deux modèles « génériques », l’élégie d’Amours I, 14 et la Coma Berenices, nous observerons le jeu intertextuel complexe qui se noue par rapport à la poésie ovidienne, à laquelle Eumolpe emprunte non seulement l’utilisation métapoétique du thème de la coiffure en Am. I, 14, mais aussi la distinction genrée entre coiffure virile et coiffure féminine (ou efféminée) prônée par le magister amoris dans l’Art d’Aimer : en superposant ces deux hypotextes, l’elegidarion capillorum retourne le modèle ovidien contre lui-même, en faisant de la chevelure, qui figurait chez Ovide une poétique callimachéenne érudite et raffinée, la métaphore de l’écriture artificielle et creuse des compositions néo-alexandrines.
Alcune considerazioni sul trattato attribuito a Metrodora: le ricette cosmetiche
Authors: Calà Irene , Chesi Giulia Maria
Published: January 2024

I frammenti attribuiti ad una donna medico di nome Metrodora sono particolarmente preziosi in quanto alcuni di essi riguardano la cosmetica antica, della quale purtroppo non ci sono rimaste molte testimonianze. Discuteremo qui quindi alcuni passi dall’opera perduta di Metrodora riguardanti la cosmetica, non prima di aver delineato, seppure a grandi linee, la personalità e il contesto culturale dell’autrice. Lo studio qui proposto infatti anticipa alcune considerazioni che verranno più ampiamente discusse nell’edizione critica da noi curata e di prossima pubblicazione.
The Classical Clitoris: Part I
Authors: Flemming Rebecca
Published: January 2024

This article provides a global and focused survey of the rich surviving evidence for the classical Greek and Roman clitoris (or nymph). It starts with the surviving anatomical descriptions, with the clitoris in its healthy, according to nature condition, and explores the different attitudes and understandings that were articulated in this context. Then it moves to the clitoris contrary to nature, examining the pathologies delineated in the medical tradition and their cures within their wider cultural and political settings. These therapies included clitoridectomy, the surgical removal of the nymph, putting the spotlight on questions of female sexuality and its control in the Roman world. There is a mismatch between the medical accounts of the clitoris in health and disease it is argued, driven in part by particular Roman imperial concerns about gender and sexuality, represented by the transgressive figure of the tribas.
Performing Foundation: the Gendered Role of Baking in Ovid’s Fasti
Authors: Newlands Carole E.
Published: January 2024

Ovid’s Fasti suggests that in Rome’s early times, the baking and sharing of bread and cakes, traditionally the most domestic of activities, offered a model of matronal authority that not only honoured the gods but emphasised the fundamental value of hospitality towards strangers and the needy; ritual and communal acts of giving and sharing bread demonstrated the social and religious power of women, young and old, humble and elite, within the state. Such female cults offer alternative foundation narratives to the violent origins promulgated through the better- known legends of Aeneas, Romulus and Remus, and Mars and Ilia, and in the Fasti they always have a political dimension.
Epicharis dans le De mulieribus claris (1375) de Boccace : paradigme de vertu humaniste ?
Authors: Pia-Comella Jordi
Published: January 2024

Cet article se propose d’étudier les implications littéraires, philosophiques et morales du personnage d’Epicharis au chapitre quatre-vingt-treize du De mulieribus claris. Nous tentons d’abord de montrer que par rapport à son modèle Tacite, Boccace amplifie l’ambivalence sexuelle, psychologique et morale d’Epicharis afin de susciter chez ses lectrices et lecteurs la stupéfaction. Par là, l’auteur cherche à susciter chez ses lectrices et lecteurs un véritable plaisir esthétique. Nous tentons ensuite de comprendre les raisons philosophiques et morales de cette perplexité. Le modèle paradoxal d’Epicharis doit conduire ses lecteurs à revoir la conception traditionnelle de la femme, mais aussi à sonder les mystères de la nature, qui place des vertus viriles dans des corps féminins et (prétendument) imparfaits. Enfin, le personnage d’Epicharis présente la particularité de susciter, dans un retournement des valeurs masculines et féminines saisissant, la stupéfaction et la honte. Elle seule incarne les vertus viriles de constance et de loyauté tandis que les conjurés romains, des hommes faisant partie de l’élite, ne se caractérisent que par leur pusillanimité. À travers cet exemple subversif, Boccace, tel le poisson torpille de Socrate, veut arracher ses lecteurs masculins de leur confort pour les pousser à une conversion morale radicale.
Tutela mulierum and the Augustan marriage laws
Authors: Morrell Kit
Published: January 2024

This paper evaluates the impact of the Augustan marriage legislation on the legal and financial freedom of Roman women, specifically, how the introduction of the ius liberorum (the “right of children”), which granted women freedom from tutela (guardianship), affected the freedom of Roman women to deal with their property as they chose. Scholars have offered diverging views on this topic: some see Augustus’ laws as a key moment in the “emancipation” of Roman women, while others suggest that, by freeing women from tutela, the laws essentially gave legal form to existing practice. As such, the question also has bearing on the larger question of how innovations during the Augustan principate were anchored in previous law and custom. In order to shed light on these questions, this paper seeks to reconstruct the operation of tutela mulierum, in its various forms, immediately before the passage of the Augustan laws. It also considers how many women were able to claim the ius liberorum, although the nature of the evidence does not allow firm conclusions. What emerges is that the reality of tutela and the potential benefit of the ius liberorum varied widely, depending on a woman’s individual circumstances, the type of tutor she had, and especially whether she was freeborn or a freedwoman subject to a male patron; moreover, while the Augustan laws paved the way for the further weakening of tutela for freeborn women, the gap between freeborn and freed increased.
Homo inter homines sum – The importance of age for freedmen’s construction of masculinity in Late Republican and Early Imperial Rome
Authors: Hagelin Lisa
Published: January 2024

May the bones of my patron rest well; he wanted me to be a man among men, (Patrono meo ossa bene quiescant, qui me hominem inter homines voluit esse), Petron. Sat. 39.4. These are the words of the famous freedman Trimalchio, expressing that he is now able to enjoy the good life and that he is part of society, he is “a man among men”. But what does this “a man among men” mean and why was it important for a freedman to be seen as a man? In the Greco-Roman world the slave was seen as a boy and manumission was perceived as a maturity process, where the manumitted slave could be seen as coming of age. This article examines how age can be used as a means to study how Roman male freedmen were positioned in relation to the ideal Roman masculinity and how this positioning can be seen as an expression of (gender) identity and status. The article addresses these questions by doing a critical close reading of a sample of Late Republican and Early Imperial Roman textual, iconographic and epigraphic sources, applying masculinity theory and drawing on modern conceptions and constructions of masculinity. As a key concept to discuss the material, Connell’s concept “hegemonic masculinity”, as an ideal and normative masculinity, is used. The article provides conclusions on why age was important for Roman freedmen. It is also pointed out that, as a phenomenon, Roman freedmen are interesting when studying intersections of age and gender, because they illustrate the way age can be perceived as a social category.
Forme e spazi di autonomia femminile nella Gallia meridionale di età imperiale
Authors: Mastrorosa Ida Gilda
Published: January 2024

Tenendo conto di testimonianze epigrafiche relative soprattutto ai secoli iniziali dell’età imperiale e di attestazioni letterarie selezionate a partire dalla medesima epoca fino alla tarda-antichità, il contributo evidenzia come nella Gallia meridionale la condizione femminile registrò atteggiamenti riconducibili al modello romano consolidandosi in parallelo attraverso l’acquisizione di spazi di autonomia. Ciò si tradusse non solo nella valorizzazione del ruolo delle nutrici bensì – per le donne di ceto elevato – nella possibilità di interagire in modo sempre meno passivo all’interno di reti familiari talvolta allargate. In tale contesto esse assunsero talvolta un ruolo di primo piano nella cura dell’infanzia, nonché nella gestione e nella salvaguardia del patrimonio, riuscendo inoltre a ritagliarsi l’opportunità di coltivare interessi culturali e di dedicarsi a professioni concernenti anche il campo medico.
La Nouvelle Vague: The Liquid Feminine in Plato’s Republic
Authors: Han Irene
Published: January 2024

In this paper, I am interested by Plato’s three waves in Republic Book V, in which Socrates makes three daring proposals for his ideal city: first, inclusion of women in the guardian class and their education (Pl. Resp. 453e-454e); second, abolition of private property and family (Pl. Resp. 457b-c); lastly, that philosophers should be kings and kings, philosophers (Pl. Resp. 472c-e). I explore the unexploited potential and probe the significance of the liquid imagery by applying Deleuzian paradigms to Book V of Plato’s Republic, in order to shed new light on the ancient text, and, thereby, understand these waves to be truly sensuous and material. I intervene in a scholarly debate known as “Plato’s feminism” and identify the feminine principle of becoming and flux, exemplified by the fluid and cathartic presence of the waves. I argue that the presence of the sea, which opens up into feminine space and attracts bodies to itself, mediates the “utopian experience” and sets into motion what I identity to be a cinematic movement, a gendered movement. The sea creates the utopian aesthetic, which is also a cinematic one, because this medium, both fluid and sensuous, invites the reader into its landscape and links up a series of images into the narrative.
Stripping the Bark / Fleecing the Sheep: Rethinking glubit in Catullus 58
Authors: Weiner Jesse
Published: January 2024

Glubit is one of the more infamous words in the Catullan corpus and for good reason. The verb represents a rare (at least in extant literature) piece of Roman sexual slang and it delivers the punch line for an insult poem belonging to the Lesbia cycle. Scholarship on glubere in Catullus has tended to focus on its vulgarity and which (if any) specific sex act the word denotes. Here, I revisit the word to interpret the implications of its agricultural origins. My own concern is not over which particular sex act the verb signifies but rather for the polysemic meanings imported by the slang metaphor’s literal definition. I do not aim to challenge or supplant the efforts of others to define glubere but instead to suggest an additional layer of meaning to its usage. I offer that the verb glubit introduces the specter of violence into the poem and serves to intensify and invert dynamics of power, portraying Lesbia as an overly active, dominant, and dangerous sexual being while compromising the masculinity of the Roman men she services.
Seminal Verse: Atomic Orality and Aurality in De Rerum Natura
Authors: Pope Michael
Published: January 2024

In Lucretius’ thoroughgoing materialism, hearing, like sight or taste, is tactile. Atomic material must issue from a source, move through space, and enter a receptacle in order for these sense perceptions to operate. I argue that Lucretius uses sexual language and erotic figures to depict the mechanics of these atomic processes. However, what is perhaps more remarkable is the way in which Lucretius manipulates rather straightforward sexual imagery into a scandalous proposition: Mars, Memmius, and the largely male, Roman audience are turned into effeminized repositories of semen-like verse and philosophy. The source of this verbalized material is Lucretius, while ears and mouths become receptacles.