bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Disruption
Authors: Dell'Erba Marco
Published: February 2024

This chapter provides an analysis of initial coin offerings, their development in the market, and their role in shaping the development of the cryptoeconomy. It identifies the initial ICO ‘structural’ pattern and its subsequent evolutions. It then characterizes ICOs in three major jurisdictions—the United States, Europe, and Switzerland. Furthermore, this chapter considers specific unsolved issues as they emerged in the markets and legal systems. In doing so, it focuses on the lack of a definitive approach for regulating ICOs, as well as on specific promises that ICOs breached, in particular with respect to financial inclusion, disintermediation, and infrastructural transformations. Finally, this chapter identifies the main consequences brought by ICOs, with an emphasis on capital market structures and digital securities, which triggered multiple transformations at multiple levels, including corporate governance, development of digital assets, and non-fungible tokens.
First Conversation
Authors: Pattison George
Published: February 2024

Continuing the previous chapter, Dostoevsky explains how the widowed husband of A Gentle Spirit might escape despair by acknowledging his guilt, a principle spelled out in The Brothers Karamazov as ‘each is guilty of everything, before everyone, and I most of all’. Attention is paid as to whether guilt is something we need to be freed from or to embrace. The transition from despair to faith is further discussed in terms of Dostoevsky’s dialectical method and a parallel is drawn with Hegel and his possible influence on the Russian writer. The meaning of the suicide in A Gentle Spirit is considered further.
Fifth Conversation
Authors: Pattison George
Published: February 2024

The narrator encounters Dostoevsky in Glasgow’s Kelvingrove Park. He has been handed a pamphlet in the cause of Scottish independence. This occasions a discussion of nationalism and Dostoevsky’s view that the experience of brotherhood, lacking in the West, is a defining feature of Russia and its historical significance. He explains his support for Russia’s intervention in the Balkan Wars. The narrator worries that this is an exclusive view, implying that Russians have a superior access to truth. They are joined by the philosopher V. S. Solovyov, who argues that Dostoevsky’s view of humanity is not nationalistic but universal. However, he and Dostoevsky disagree about the Church. Dostoevsky and Solovyov explain to the narrator that human history is the progressive fulfilment of a process of life discernible already in the life of nature.
Commentary on the First Conversation, Part One
Authors: Pattison George
Published: February 2024

This commentary relates to the first part of the first Conversation and discusses the themes of the conversation under the rubrics: the metaphysics of suicide; life beyond death; and lies, literature, and sin. Suicide is represented as a metaphysical problem in Dostoevsky in the figure of the nihilist Kirillov, who believes he can become God by committing suicide and demonstrating his power over his own life. However, Dostoevsky moderates the Church’s teaching that suicide is a sin, promoting mercy and prayer for suicides. Dostoevsky’s speculations on life after death are discussed in connection with notes he made after his first wife’s death that are echoed in A Gentle Spirit. The view that all literature is a species of lying is associated with the saying of the Russian poet Tiutchev—‘the thought once uttered is a lie’. The commentary connects Dostoevsky’s fascination with lying to the social displacements experienced by Russian society in his time and the rise of the money economy.
Commentary on the Sixth Conversation
Authors: Pattison George
Published: February 2024

The chapter restates Dostoevsky’s views on Jews and Judaism from the Diary of a Writer and examines the portrayal of Jews in his fiction. There is clear evidence of anti-Semitism, but the fictional nature of the texts must be borne in mind and it is questionable whether Dostoevsky believed, as some have argued, in the blood libel against Jews. The phenomenon of Russian Jewish commentators on Dostoevsky is discussed. The commentary next proceeds with a second discussion of Dostoevsky’s politics, showing how his thoughts were appropriated by leading figures of the conservative revolution in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s. However, it is also argued that they represent only one part of the reception of Dostoevsky in this time and his work also appealed to those of the opposite political persuasion.
Introduction
Authors: Hardwick Alexandra
Published: February 2024

The introduction sets out the importance of off-stage groups in drama, and outlines existing scholarship in this area. In particular, it highlights the complexity of analysing off-stage groups through the viewpoints of characters on stage. It then sets this book in the context of scholarly trends in related areas: groups in the ancient world, narrative in drama, politics and democracy in drama, and choruses. The introduction also lists and analyses the meanings of various terms for ‘group’ in ancient Greek, including malleable terms such as plêthos and ochlos. Finally, it explains the division of material thematically across chapters, and outlines the contents of this book’s six chapters.
Motifs of Group Psychology in Classical Greek Prose
Authors: Hardwick Alexandra
Published: February 2024

Chapter 1 outlines the portrayal of groups in prose texts, contemporary or near-contemporary with extant Athenian drama. This chapter surveys the works of Herodotus, Thucydides, the Attic orators, the sophists, Plato, and the Old Oligarch to compile an overall picture of the motifs typically associated with groups. It establishes that groups are often imagined as collective psychological units in fifth-century Greek prose; furthermore, it charts the stereotypical tropes used to portray group thought as different to individual thought (such as anger, fear, readiness to find scapegoats, decision-making through collective noise). This establishes the background of motifs against which off-stage groups in Athenian drama will be compared.
The Role of Platforms in the Collection of Consumption Taxes in the Digital Economy
Authors: Hellerstein Walter
Published: February 2024

Platforms play a central role in the effectuation of the sale of goods and services in the digital economy. National taxing jurisdictions across the globe have responded to this development by enlisting platforms in the collection of consumption taxes—value-added taxes (VATs) and goods and services taxes (GSTs)—imposed on sales involving platforms. Although the United States does not impose a national consumption tax, 45 of the 50 subnational states impose retail sales taxes (RSTs), and the challenges that jurisdictions confront in effectuating the effective collection of consumption taxes on cross-border sales are similar in the international VAT/GST and the US subnational RST contexts. This chapter describes the US states’ response to these challenges and identifies their implications for the analogous challenges in the international VAT/GST contexts. The chapter summarizes state platform legislation, including the definition of platforms with tax collection obligations, the obligations of such platforms, the respective obligations of platforms and those who sell over platforms, and the simplification of compliance obligations.
Some Thoughts on the Relationship between the Destination-Based Cash Flow Tax and VAT
Authors: Schön Wolfgang
Published: February 2024

In recent years, a move for destination-based taxes on business profits has become visible around the world. The most revolutionary and sophisticated model for international tax reform is the ‘Destination-Based Cash Flow Tax’ (DBCFT), which is meant to replace the traditional corporate income tax and to shift international taxing rights with regard to business profits from the country of origin to the country of destination. This justifies an attempt to compare the DBCFT with value-added tax (VAT)—as VAT is levied on a destination basis as well. This chapter analyses the conceptual differences and similarities between a DBCFT and a VAT from an economic and a legal perspective. It raises the issue of whether VAT and DBCFT are different when it comes to their respective compatibility with World Trade Organization law. Finally, the chapter discusses policy options for the United States and the European Union.
The Holy Grail of International Consistency in VAT Administration
Authors: Xu Yan , Walpole Michael
Published: February 2024

The global economy has become increasingly digitalized over recent decades. Value-added tax (VAT), a tax on consumption, has also been developing rapidly. It is now implemented in over 170 jurisdictions. At the international level, while most existing VATs follow the destination principle to tax cross-border transactions, the digitalized economy has posed challenges to implementing destination-basis taxation with regard to cross-border digital supplies of services. This chapter examines the state of play in global VAT practices affecting supply of services across international borders through electronical means with a focus on tax administration. It argues that administrative capacity could be an important factor preventing consistent implementation of destination-basis taxation on cross-border digital supplies of services and that capacity building and development is needed, particularly for developing jurisdictions, if international consistency is preferred for the global economy in the 21st century.
Procuring Wrongs
Authors: Goudkamp James
Published: February 2024

In certain circumstances, tort law imposes liability for procuring the commission of wrongs. This chapter focuses on one such instance the origin of which is the High Court’s decision in Marex Financial Ltd v Sevillja. In that case, it was held that it was sufficiently arguable for the purposes of securing jurisdiction that it was tortious intentionally and knowingly to induce a violation of rights in a judgment debt. Subsequent cases have confirmed the tort’s existence on the basis that it finds a close analogy with the tort of inducing a breach of contract. This chapter examines the evolution of this new head of liability and its scope. It also explores some of its wider implications for the law of torts.
The External Shield of a Contract—Torts, Equity, and Restitution
Authors: Cohen Nili
Published: February 2024

This chapter looks into the notions of torts, equity, and restitution as the external shield of a contract. The chapter cites the importance of Lumley v Gye, a landmark decision in English private law, establishing the tort of inducing breach of contract, and a meeting point of contract, torts, and property. It discusses the application of general tort liability protecting any contract from external interference, as well as that of restitution liability following the tort of inducing breach. Paradoxically following social and technological changes the contract for personal services which served as a vehicle for the fortification of other types of contractual rights, ended up as the weakest type of contract from the point of view of legal enforceability.
Introduction
Authors: Lazar Leah
Published: February 2024

The introduction explains the book’s new approach to Athenian power, centred on negotiation, flexibility, and regionality, and the key categories of evidence under analysis. After beginning with a discussion of the famous tribute quota lists, the inscribed financial documents attesting to the Athenian imperial tribute system, the introduction offers a brief overview of past scholarship on the Athenian empire, and the new directions laid out in recent years. It explores how the concept of negotiation, which has been successfully applied to the study of other empires, can offer a new approach to analysis of Athenian power. It then lays out the strengths and limitations of the different categories of evidence utilized in the book, including literary sources and Athenian epigraphic evidence.
Conclusion
Authors: Lazar Leah
Published: February 2024

In the conclusion, discussion of a cluster of inscriptions attesting to Athenian interaction with the island of Keos in the fourth century provides a means of summarizing the arguments of the monograph and of emphasizing their limitations. The argumentative themes of the monograph come together in this illuminating comparative case from the fourth century: polis-level negotiations, conducted by the Athenians on a bilateral basis with individual communities, a network of influential individuals, the use of honorific diplomacy, the complex role of democratic ideology and practice, the assertion of power through monumental inscription, and localized and targeted Athenian exploitation where opportunity presented. But the case of Keos also provides an important caveat: negotiation did not always work, the Athenians’ relationships with allied individuals had limitations, and, most of all, the Athenians did not necessarily feel the need to negotiate at all. The Athenians used negotiation and hands-off approaches to extraction when such strategies served them well, but they always existed alongside direct rapacity and violence.
Gender, Caste, and Patriarchy
Authors: Patil Smita M.
Published: February 2024

This chapter explores the anti-caste movements in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Maharashtra. It looks at the intersections of gender, caste, patriarchy, and religion in such anti-caste movements and how they combined to create conditions for the subjugation of women, particularly those from the lower castes. Analysing sources available in Marathi, the author examines the seminal writings and socio-legal interventions of intellectuals like Jotiba Phule, Savitribai Phule, Mukta Salve, and Tarabai Shinde and shows how their legacy was taken forward by Chhtrapati Shahu Maharaj and B. R. Ambedkar. More specifically, it looks at the gender question from the point of view of political ideologies and practices of such pioneering anti-caste intellectuals from colonial Maharashtra, who brought into focus the centrality of caste-based oppression. They also showed how caste intersected with religion and patriarchy to create new ideologies and forms of subordination especially for women from lower castes. The chapter ruptures the dominant assumption that the reform movements in colonial Maharashtra should be largely seen within the framework of religion. It highlights how anti-caste movements in the region not only challenged the Brahmanical orthodoxy and conservative Hindu efforts at reform but also paved the way for the emergence of a critical thought that sought to annihilate inequalities induced by caste, gender, and patriarchy, and their intersections.
Reversing of Gender
Authors: Nag Sajal , Lalsangpuii R.
Published: February 2024

Northeast India experienced some of the most violent resistance movements in India against British colonialism. Led by the tribes of the region, these movements were not all male endeavours, even though the regional tribal polities were fiercely patriarchal. There were several female chieftains who took up arms against the colonial military forces to thwart attempts to overrun the tribal habitats and subvert their sovereignty. This chapter discusses the role of such women chieftains among the Lushai (Mizo) tribe of Northeast India who surfaced once their chieftain husbands, brothers, and sons had been eliminated by the British forces. It reconstructs the histories of such female chieftains, rebels, and warriors who not only led their armies but also entered diplomatic negotiations with the colonial state. They mobilized people, formed militia, and tried to preserve their sovereignty by resisting the British invasion. It is interesting to note that the colonial state was viewed by the tribes as a brute masculine power against whom their resistance crumbled. However, when the female tribal chieftains fought against the colonial state, they were seen as masculine powers taking on another masculine entity. Women’s leadership of such anti-colonial movements momentarily reversed the gendered nature of politics in the related patriarchal tribal communities. However, such acts did not lead to any changes in the patriarchal structure of their societies. Their heroic resistance was neither celebrated nor recorded in the regional folklore and history, while Lushai chronicles are full of stories of the achievements of their male chiefs.
Adivasis, Gender, and Witch-Hunting in Early Colonial Chotanagpur and Santhal Parganas
Authors: Shekhar Sinha Shashank
Published: February 2024

Colonial Chotanagpur and Santhal Parganas constitute the state of Jharkhand today. This chapter examines gender tensions related to constructions of witches and witch-hunts among the Adivasis (a term commonly used for the tribes) of Chotanagpur and Santhal Parganas in the early colonial period, roughly between the 1820s and the 1860s. It underscores how the constructions of witchcraft in Adivasi myths and legends was intensely gendered. Likewise, witch-hunts constituted an area where patriarchal, gender, and communitarian tensions manifested in the most intense and visible ways in the everyday lives of the Adivasis. This chapter shows how socio-economic strains generated by colonialism created a climate of vulnerability where patriarchal and social tensions intersected with strains generated by colonialism to give new meanings and forms to witch-hunting. Furthermore, when the colonial administration brought in regulations and laws restricting and banning the practice of witch killings, these were strongly resisted by the Adivasis. During Adivasi movements, when the collectivity and solidarity of the tribes became more sharply defined and articulated vis-à-vis the perceived enemies/opponents, such intersecting tensions became magnified and were integrated with larger contours of resistance. In the case of the Santhal Uprising and the 1857 rebellion, two movements famously known for their anti-colonialism, witch-hunts became a part of the larger politics of anti-colonial resistance. The consequences were severely violent for women, as the region experienced mass witch killings, making them perhaps the first incidents of their kind in the history of anti-colonial movements in India.
Fragmentary Histories, Subaltern Sexualities, and Vernacular Archives
Authors: Gupta Charu
Published: February 2024

This chapter attempts to reclaim fragmentary histories of subaltern sexualities in early twentieth-century north India, more specifically the United Provices (present-day Uttar Pradesh, hereafter, UP), by positing three disparate sites of inquiry. First, it looks at the emerging normative notions of masculinity and manhood in the period and shows how discussions around homosexuality and distribution of cheaply priced ‘dirty books’ disturbed the dominant, heterosexual, and procreative imperative. Second, through the writings of Yashoda Devi, a leading Ayurvedic practitioner in colonial north India, it underlines some indigenous and popular biomedical notions of sexuality. Third, it studies representations of Dalit sexualities in colonial pasts and contemporary times to highlight related upper-caste anxieties. Issues of Dalit identity formation also feature in this discussion. In some ways these diverse registers are connected in that they pertain to marginal sexualities as well as ‘perverse’ bodies. The chapter also explores different subaltern subjects and arenas, as they offer keys to understanding the complexities of sexuality, gender, class, and caste in the period under consideration. It also underlines how the intersections between various archives, official and vernacular, further allow one to see interconnections between elite and subaltern sexualities as well as female desire and reproduction.
Doing Care, Making Socialities on the Move
Authors: Palriwala Rajni
Published: February 2024

How are care and concomitant social ties shaped by migration trajectories and characteristics and by socio-economic divisions among migrants? How do migration and gendered responsibilities for familial care work and livelihoods affect each other? What do they mean for the making and shaping of familial and community relations and socialities of migrants? In reverse, how do they differentiate and tie social strata and classes together, wherein the dynamics of community and state and market institutions shape migrants’ aspirations, contradictions, exploitations, and hardships? This chapter addresses such questions by foregrounding the sociality of care in migration and framing care as mutuality of being. It starts from the idea that movement is part of the normal social order, evident in historical and contemporary literature, while forms may change and be multiple in any time period. It focusses on two streams of internal spatial mobility—transferable employees and long-term migrants—and briefly looks at seasonal migration. The chapter highlights specificities in the intertwining dynamics of gender, class, paid and unpaid care relations, and agency in the migration trajectories and argues that, despite changes in care arrangements, pre-existing hierarchies and gender divisions of work across migrants and classes are not transformed.
Introduction
Authors: Franklinos T. E. , Ingleheart Jennifer
Published: February 2024

The Introduction begins by laying out the complexity and range of elegiac poetry at Rome, with particular reference to the works of two of its most famous and most experimental practitioners, Propertius and Ovid. Both were interested in exploring and expanding the possibilities of the genre of Latin love elegy, after beginning their careers writing in this genre. The Introduction then explains how the volume analyses Roman elegy’s treatment of power (erotic, political, and authorial), its religious and mythological aspects, and its influence, which can be seen to outlast the brevity of its late Republican and early imperial efflorescence to a considerable degree. It outlines the structure, methods, intertextualities, and emphases of the volume.
Possessive pronouns in Latin love elegy
Authors: Jolowicz Daniel
Published: February 2024

This essay attempts to energize discussion about a crucial but neglected aspect of elegiac, especially Propertian, language. It takes as its starting point the observation that possessive pronouns of the class meus/tuus/suus (but especially the first-person meus), used of a beloved, constitute a fundamental verbal feature of Latin elegy. §1.1 demonstrates that elegy is the first genre to develop the predicative (as opposed to attributive) use of the pronoun, which §1.2 argues to be a defining element of elegiac amor in Propertius (as well as Ovid and the Appendix Tibulliana). §1.3 moves from literary to sociocultural implications and sets out how Propertius’ predicative use of the possessive pronoun, especially in Books 1–2, offers a window on recent traumatic events, namely the triumviral land confiscations and subsequent anxiety about property rights in the late 40s bc (as articulated in Virgil Eclogues 1 and 9).
Sowing the seeds of love
Authors: Armstrong Rebecca
Published: February 2024

The Sementiuae, one of very few feriae conceptiuae (movable feasts) mentioned in the Fasti, is the one most overtly and playfully framed as being out of place within this poem of fixed dates. The festival’s intrusion offers an opportunity for the poet to continue his oblique reflections on the meaning of time in the agricultural context and the mixing of nature and culture it entails. Yet, while the time to sow belongs to wider cycles of annual recurrence, the description of the festival itself is pointedly woven into the linear progressions of allusion, most markedly to the Georgics and Tibullus 2.1. In the gaps between the composition of these central intertexts and the emergence of the Fasti, literary time has passed, and so too has the political situation shifted; Ovid can now both update and reignite Vergilian and Tibullan debates on the moralities of agriculture and war in the context of Augustan Peace and Concordia. Meanwhile, he also modifies and subtly reconfigures the relationship between Ceres and Tellus in a manner not found in either of his dominant poetic influences. Thus, throughout his account of this celebration of the sowing of grain, Ovid simultaneously highlights its lack of fixity and offers a variety of ways by which to anchor it both within the poem and within Roman literary and religious culture more widely.
Trying to make up for lost time with dear friends in Ovid, Tristia 3
Authors: Franklinos T. E.
Published: February 2024

This chapter treats the understudied third book of Ovid’s Tristia. It argues that the collection is carefully structured and considers how the poet uses the arrangement of poems and inter- and intratextual engagement to explore the expectations of friendship and relationship in 3.3–3.6, and to assert defiantly that his literary oeuvre will be known to posterity, even if he himself dies. Attention is paid to Ovid’s recapitulation of some of the concerns of his first book of exile poetry: his preoccupation with similar concerns points to the seeming inability of time to progress while the poet is in exile. This temporal stasis is thematised in Tristia 3, and may even point to the poet’s lack of progress with the Fasti (also known as his Tempora). This purported inability to keep versifying is reflected in the advice Ovid offers to his fellow poets in Tr. 3.4a, as he draws on his experiences in life and in writing and articulates, in Propertian and Lucretian terms, his warning that magna nomina should be avoided. That Ovid had his Fasti in mind as he penned Tristia 3 is made clear by the intertext with its treatment of the title of Augustus (Fast. 1.608–16) in the opening poem of the book (3.1.33–40), and in similarities between Tr. 3.2 and the Carmentalia in Fasti 1; it is possible too that, in revisiting the Fasti later in his exile, Ovid reworked these passages of his calendar in the light of parts of Tristia 3.
Prisoner of Alibeg
Authors: Dutt Sandeep , Hayat Faisal , Ritika
Published: February 2024

This chapter unfolds the horrifying sufferings of a 10-year-old boy, Bal Krishan Gupta who was captured among those 20,000 people by the Pak Army when they attacked Jammu and Kashmir in Oct 1947 which was under the rule of Maharaja Hari Singh. Read about the soul-trembling scenarios from the days of torture and torment he and others had to suffer in the prison of Alibeg. How he wished death every single day, but the fate kept him alive to suffer more and more atrocities. And how by the time, Red Cross arrived, there were merely 1,600 people were left to be rescued. The story, Prisoner of Alibeg is a very unsettling tale of the wait … for death.
Ink of Peace
Authors: Dutt Sandeep , Hayat Faisal , Ritika
Published: February 2024

The chapter narrates the story of Khursheeda Naquvi, a retired teacher who remembers two things about her father: he owned a gun and a lot of books. Growing up near the shrine of Bu Ali Shah Qalandar, Karnal, she fondly misses the annual fair at the shrine during Ramadan. Read about her migration journey that happened in a Military Truck thanks to her father’s cordial relations with Liaquat Ali Khan, hoping to get through a safe passage but the fate was yet to unfold something eerie that would scar the family forever. The story is about a wish to rewrite the history with a pen filled with the Ink of Peace.
Ways of God
Authors: Dutt Sandeep , Hayat Faisal , Ritika
Published: February 2024

The chapter unfolds the story of a Muhajir (refugee), Talib Hussain, who was not familiar with the same word until it went on to dictating his identity later. Born in Sultanpur, in the Doaba region of Punjab, he fondly remembers the letters his father used to write from China while working there. He also remembers his old home and how lack of faith between the communities forced them to leave after their village became a constant victim of the extremists’ attacks. This story, Ways of God, sheds light on the struggles faced by refugees at that time who had not only lost their homes but the empathy of their own people.
Spoils of War
Authors: Dutt Sandeep , Hayat Faisal , Ritika
Published: February 2024

The chapter narrates the story of Muhammad Haneef. Having received agricultural skills in his inheritance, he used to work with his father in the fields of Ajnala. This is the story of an angry young boy, who learned the lesson of patience and calm in the most disturbing times. For eight days, he had to wait at the bank of river Ravi to get on a ferry to get to the other side. This chapter also gives a glimpse of the attitude of the Christian families living in Shahkot towards the refugees. It argues on how regimes’ decisions dictate the fate of people who if survive become, the Spoils of War.
Folklore Monsters
Authors: Dutt Sandeep , Hayat Faisal , Ritika
Published: February 2024

The chapter unravels the story of Rajkumari Taneja who remembers her native village Astana by the Chenab that was more famously known for the folk legends of Heer-Ranjha whose stories she grew up listening to. She remembers the carefree strolling she used to have with her friend after sundown even when there were no streetlights, the dark was not scary but still safe. She still fails to understand how things have changed so drastically. This story, the Folklore Monsters, narrates the story of a nine-year-old for whom the bloodthirsty monsters of the stories she used to hear, had come to life, that no light could banish them to hell.
Last Comfort
Authors: Dutt Sandeep , Hayat Faisal , Ritika
Published: February 2024

The chapter reveals the story of Haji Sabir Ali who was born in a Muslim-majority village of Karnal. He still remembers various cuisines exchanged by her mother with their Hindu neighbors. After the migration, he had to struggle a lot to make both ends meet for his family. He worked as a laborer in his later life, raised four sons; one of whom also served in the Pakistan Army. Even after all this time, whenever he closes his eyes, he finds himself back in the day as a child playing with his friends and lying his head in the lap of his mother one more time for one last comfort.
Memoir of Milkyway
Authors: Dutt Sandeep , Hayat Faisal , Ritika
Published: February 2024

The chapter unravels the story of Dhan Kaur, the daughter of a postman working in Sialkot, she used to travel with him on his bicycle. She got married in Lahore where her husband owned a shop at the Lahori Gate. This chapter gives a glimpse of post partition violence that had left the family scarred after migrating to a village near Batala. The family worked painstakingly hard to make both ends meet. Finally, they got settled in Tinsukia, Assam where her husband was famously called as Milk King. The story, Memoir of Milkyway is a reminder of how even torn hearts can still learn how to blossom.
Diversity Pedagogy and Methods Instruction—Some Thoughts on Pedagogical Applications in the Undergraduate Research Methods Course
Authors: Ishiyama John
Published: February 2024

This chapter outlines the general principles of diversity pedagogy and argues that it provides insights on how to more effectively teach undergraduate political science methodology to an increasingly diverse student population. Methodological pluralism should also take into account the pluralism of experiences and perspectives of students, particularly undergraduate students. To more effectively teach students political science methodology, and about the variety of tools that are available to address the questions about politics in the “tool box” instructors will need to consider the diversity of experiences and cultural lenses that students bring to our class rooms. This chapter suggests some pedagogical techniques that demystify methods and make the students take ownership of their own learning (so that they may activate their various ways of knowing and their previous knowledge) and are effective in dealing with a diverse body of students. The undergraduate research methods class is perhaps the singularly most important course in the undergraduate curriculum.
The Intellectual Benefits of Diversity
Authors: Clark Christopher J. , Block Jr. Ray , Johnson Kaneesha , Minta Michael , Baumgartner Frank R.
Published: February 2024

This chapter highlights the longstanding call for increased diversity, particularly in terms of gender, race, and socioeconomic backgrounds within the field of political science. It specifically focuses on the intellectual advantages of racial diversity in the discipline, contending that it enhances the quality of research. Racial diversity not only brings a variety of research themes but also a range of methodological approaches. Despite significant underrepresentation of Black scholars in political science, they have pioneered innovative research on new subjects and introduced novel methodological techniques. These contributions span various subfields, including international relations, political theory, and race and ethnic politics. The chapter highlights the striking lack of diversity in tenure-track faculty positions at leading PhD-granting institutions and the scarcity of PhDs awarded to Black scholars across various disciplines. The chapter also provides several examples of the theoretical richness and innovations stemming from Black scholars’ work and underscores how these insights may not have arisen from White scholars. It emphasizes the role of identity in shaping research questions, theoretical approaches, and the capability to investigate various topics. In conclusion, the chapter stresses that addressing the demographic imbalances within the profession will enrich political science by enhancing the diversity of theoretical questions, approaches, and the capacity to address crucial research inquiries. It also points out that political science lags behind many related disciplines in terms of demographic diversity, and similar intellectual benefits can be expected if these issues are addressed in other fields like economics, history, psychology, and sociology.
Bulls and bears: inscribing SOEs’ roles into the global climate agenda
Authors: Garanina Olga , Klishevich Daria , Panibratov Andrei
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore when and under what conditions state-owned enterprises (SOEs) become important players in orchestrating the global climate action and what their roles are as domestic or international (de)carbonizers.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual paper that aims to advance understanding of the role of SOEs in addressing the global climate challenge. The authors build on the institutional theory to capture the importance of home-country climate regulation mechanisms and advance knowledge on the internationalization of SOEs. The authors review the literature on the institutional boundaries that shape the environmental activities of firms at home and abroad and develop the argument on the influence of home country institutions and internationalization on the role of SOEs in the global climate agenda.

Findings

In this study, the authors elaborate the SOEs’ climate action matrix and offer three propositions based on the fact that SOEs’ environmental strategies are driven by the interests of the state as owner and the scope of SOEs’ internationalization. First, the authors propose that the level of home country’s climate policy ambition explains SOEs’ stance on climate action. Second, scope of internationalization explains SOEs’ stance on climate action. Third, the progressive/increasing involvement of SOEs in climate action enhances the country’s climate stance.

Originality/value

The authors incorporate the climate argument into international business (IB) studies of SOEs’ internationalization, a novel approach that helps us to advance the knowledge on the complex issue of corporate climate action. The authors argue for a dynamic and reciprocal relationship between home/host countries and SOEs’ climate engagement. In doing this, the authors contribute to the IB research and policy agenda by exploring SOEs’ engagement in advancing the global climate agenda.
Are there other fish in the sea? Exploring the hedge, diversifier and safe-haven features of ESG investments
Authors: Pedini Luca , Severini Sabrina
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aims to conduct an empirical investigation to assess the hedge, diversifier and safe-haven properties of different environmental, social and governance (ESG) assets (i.e. green bonds and ESG equity index) vis-à-vis conventional investments (namely, equity index, gold and commodities).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors examine the sample period 2007–2021 using the bivariate cross-quantilogram (CQG) analysis and a dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) experiment with several extensions.

Findings

The evidence shows that the analyzed ESG investments exhibit mainly diversifying features depending on the asset class taken as a reference, with some potential hedging/safe-haven qualities (for the green bond) in peculiar timespans. Therefore, the results suggest that investors might consider sustainable investing as a new measure of risk reduction, which has interesting implications for both portfolio allocation and policy design.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first that empirically investigates at once the dependence between different ESG investments (i.e. equity and green bond) with different conventional investments such as gold, equity and commodity market indices over a large sample period (2007–2021). Well-suited methodologies like the bivariate CQG and the DCC multivariate GARCH are used to capture the spillover effect and the hedging/diversifying nature, even in temporary contexts. Finally, a global perspective is used.
Contested informality in regional institutional design: A comparative analysis of ASEAN and the Quad
Authors: Cooper Andrew F. , Cannon Brendon J.
Published: February 2024

In terms of institutional positioning, the quartet of Indo‐Pacific states – Australia, India, Japan, and the United States – firmly endorse ASEAN. ‘ASEAN centrality’ is clearly highlighted in all Quad statements. Yet, the Quad presents an organizational and substantive challenge to the core institutional model of ASEAN. This competitive dynamic, with respect to style of associational methods (the how) as opposed to organizational purpose (the why), has not received the scholarly attention it deserves. If the literature does focus on the comparative approaches of ASEAN and the Quad, the prism is for the most part targeted on the differences with respect to the engagement with China. Our analysis is different and emphasizes the contrast between two types of institutional informality exhibited by ASEAN and the Quad. By situating our analysis in the context of contested informality, we point out that both ASEAN and the Quad are signposts showing that the foundational privilege of formal international organizations is under stress, albeit from a wide range of institutional designs. Only by detailing and evaluating the critical divergence in modes of informality can an appreciation of the nature and impact of the contest between ASEAN and the Quad be fully understood.
Real‐world hepatitis C prevalence and treatment uptake at opioid agonist therapy clinics in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Wolfson‐Stofko B. , Hirode G. , Vanderhoff A. , Karkada J. , Capraru C. , Biondi M. J. , Hansen B. , Shah H. , Janssen H. L. A. , Feld J. J.
Published: February 2024

Widespread screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is necessary for Canada to meet its HCV elimination goals by 2030. People who currently or previously injected drugs are at high risk for HCV. Opioid agonist therapy (OAT, such as methadone and buprenorphine) has been shown to help stabilize the lives of people who are opioid‐dependent. The distribution of OAT in North America typically requires daily, weekly, or monthly clinic visits and presents an opportunity for engagement, screening and treatment for those at high‐risk of HCV. In this study, HCV screening was conducted by staff at OAT clinics in Ontario from 2016 to 2020 and those with chronic infections were treated on‐site with direct‐acting antivirals. Point‐of‐care or dried blood spot (DBS) testing was used for antibodies, DBS or serum for HCV RNA and serum for HCV RNA at SVR12 (sustained virological response). Clinics screened 1954 people (mean age 40 years ±12, 63% male). Forty‐five percent were antibody positive, of whom 64% were HCV RNA+. Eighty percent of those RNA+ set an appointment in which 99% attended. Ninety‐six percent started treatment with 87% completing treatment. Sixty‐eight percent of people who completed treatment submitted a sample for SVR12 testing of which 97% achieved a virological cure. Results suggest that HCV screening and treatment at OAT clinics is feasible, effective and warrants expansion. Data suggest strong treatment adherence due to high rates of SVR12 comparable with other OAT‐based HCV treatment programs. The lack of SVR12 sampling could be addressed by either on‐site phlebotomy or incentivizing SVR12 sampling.
A rapid simplified method for determining tsunami inundation extent based on energy conservation
Authors: Kimpton Tate , Higuera Pablo , Whittaker Colin , Wotherspoon Liam , Zorn Conrad
Published: February 2024

This paper develops a tsunami inundation model, filling the current void between industry applied simplified methods (bathtub and attenuation) and comprehensive numerical modeling. The proposed model utilizes two‐dimensional equations established on hydraulic principles (energy conservation and friction loss) to produce the finite‐difference, two‐dimensional model. While the sophistication of depth‐averaged numerical modeling has not been entirely replicated, the incorporation of hydraulic roughness and gravitational effects (slope) through the Bernoulli energy equation, accompanied by suitable assumptions, significantly improves performance over simplified bathtub and attenuation methods. This improvement not only retains excellent efficiency (completing case studies in under 100 s) but also yields inundation results comparable to traditional numerical modeling, which typically takes multiple hours to days. This is the first application of such equations to a two‐dimensional tsunami inundation model, leading to simulations at Gisborne and Christchurch, New Zealand, for validation against the numerical model, COMCOT. F1 scores produced from inundation extent comparisons were upwards of 84%. Inundation depth discrepancies recorded 77% within a 1 m range, while over 93% within a 2 m range.
The Variational Principle of a Rotor Passage Shock in the Circumferential Average Through Flow Inverse Problem of the Axial Compressors and Applications
Authors: Luo Tianyi , Shan Peng , Yang Xiaohe
Published: February 2024

This paper advances the study of the shock phenomena in axial flow compressors to that of the behavior and effects of the rotor passage shock. Based on the design results of the S2m streamline curvature through flow inverse problem and blading of the axial flow compressors, taking the relative supersonic streamlines of the rotor as equivalent to a group of layers of the quasi-one-dimensional duct flow, this paper deduced a variational principle of the normal passage shock, interrupting the flow actually, stationed inside each layer of the rotor passage. It is found that the factors affecting the stationarity of the rotor passage shock include the variable cross-sectional area, the frictional and other on way losses, and the variable rotational radius of the duct flow. According to the variational principle, the stationary locations of the shock in these equivalent duct flows affected by three factors are obtained by the momentum relaxation method, and the location stability of these shocks is analyzed. In the applications to various types of transonic axial compressor rotors, first, the discontinuous entropy generation loss distributions along the cascades of each supersonic layer are set, to consider the boundary layer, oblique shock, normal passage shock, shock boundary layer interference, and trail edge losses. Second, applying the variational principle to the duct flows affected by these three factors for each streamline, all the shock locations that possess location stability are detected. Third, by comparing with the flow field results of the direct problem of Computational Fluid Dynamics, the dimensionless distribution law of the real entropy generation loss along the layer cascades is decided. Finally, by combining the shock lines from each equivalent duct flow corresponding to each streamline, a curved surface structure of the normal passage shock in a rotor passage is established. In the given design examples of three kinds of axial compressor stages, the three-dimensional structures of the normal passage shock obtained by this method are consistently in good agreement with the results of the direct problem of Computational Fluid Dynamics. These afford a first-term verification to this method for its effectiveness and wide applicability. This method provides a theory and a technology, in the through flow and blading inverse problem design phase of an axial compressor, to quickly predict the location and the curved surface shape of the normal passage shock, and to characterize approximately and evaluate relatively whether the design surge margin of a transonic stage is sufficient.
Recording physiological history of cells with chemical labeling
Authors: Huppertz Magnus-Carsten , Wilhelm Jonas , Grenier Vincent , Schneider Martin W. , Falt Tjalda , Porzberg Nicola , Hausmann David , Hoffmann Dirk C. , Hai Ling , Tarnawski Miroslaw , Pino Gabriela , Slanchev Krasimir , Kolb Ilya , Acuna Claudio , Fenk Lisa M. , Baier Herwig , Hiblot Julien , Johnsson Kai
Published: February 2024

Recordings of the physiological history of cells provide insights into biological processes, yet obtaining such recordings is a challenge. To address this, we introduce a method to record transient cellular events for later analysis. We designed proteins that become labeled in the presence of both a specific cellular activity and a fluorescent substrate. The recording period is set by the presence of the substrate, whereas the cellular activity controls the degree of the labeling. The use of distinguishable substrates enabled the recording of successive periods of activity. We recorded protein-protein interactions, G protein–coupled receptor activation, and increases in intracellular calcium. Recordings of elevated calcium levels allowed selections of cells from heterogeneous populations for transcriptomic analysis and tracking of neuronal activities in flies and zebrafish.
Giant monkey facility could ease U.S. shortage
Authors: Reardon Sara
Published: February 2024

Breeder would be the country’s largest; locals and animal welfare advocates are concerned
Supplementary Table S2 from Estrogen Receptor Mutations as Novel Targets for Immunotherapy in Metastatic Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Goldberg Jonathan , Qiao Na , Guerriero Jennifer L. , Gross Brett , Meneksedag Yagiz , Lu Yoshimi F. , Philips Anne V. , Rahman Tasnim , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Roszik Jason , Chen Ken , Jeselsohn Rinath , Tolaney Sara M. , Peoples George E. , Alatrash Gheath , Mittendorf Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2024

Clinically Validated Peptides with IC50>500nM
Supplementary Table S1 from Estrogen Receptor Mutations as Novel Targets for Immunotherapy in Metastatic Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Goldberg Jonathan , Qiao Na , Guerriero Jennifer L. , Gross Brett , Meneksedag Yagiz , Lu Yoshimi F. , Philips Anne V. , Rahman Tasnim , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Roszik Jason , Chen Ken , Jeselsohn Rinath , Tolaney Sara M. , Peoples George E. , Alatrash Gheath , Mittendorf Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2024

Initial in-silico identification of 18 novel peptides with predicted high affinity to HLA-A*0201 (IC50<500 nM)