bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production and anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of sphaeralgin from transformed and non-transformed cells in suspension cultures of Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cav.) G. Don
Authors: Reyes-Pérez Rogelio , Nicasio-Torres Pilar , González-Cortazar Manáses , Arellano-García José De Jesús , Montiel-Ruiz Rosa Mariana , Vargas-Ruiz Rodrigo , Pérez-García Ma. Dolores , Perez-Hernandez Juanita
Published: March 2024

Sphaeralcea angustifolia is a plant with confirmed anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and gastroprotective effects. These properties can be attributed to scopoletin, tomentin, sphaeralcic acid, iso-sphaeralcic acid and 8-methyl-iso-sphaeralcic acid compounds isolated from cells in suspension and hairy root cultures. Genetic transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes can be used in S. angustifolia cell cultures to increase the production of active secondary metabolites and stimulate the production of other compounds. We observed that non-transformed cells in a suspension of S. angustifolia had a higher growth index after two and three weeks of culture (9.29 and 11.84, respectively) compared with cells in suspension transformed with A. rhizogenes. Both cultures produced sphaeralcic acid, and boosted production was detected in the transformed cells (0.19 and 0.16 mg/g, respectively). In addition, transformed and non-transformed cells produced a new compound identified as sphaeralgin (dicumarine); a higher yield of sphaeralgin was detected in the transformed cells (2.21 mg/g dry biomass). The anti-inflammatory effects of sphaeralgin in edema models induced with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and ʎ-carrageenan inhibited edema formation in a dose-dependent manner, with a mean effective dose (ED50) of 0.25 mg/ear and 64.56 mg/kg, respectively. During the late phase of the formaline test, sphaeralgin had an antinociceptive effect, with an ED50 of 1.35 mg/kg. Statistically, a 1 mg/kg dose of sphaeralgin (49%) had a similar effect to that of 10 mg/kg indomethacin (52%).
Magnitude and factors associated with surgical site infections post caesarian sections in an urban district hospital, Kigali-Rwanda
Authors: Kamanutse Habimana A. , Mochama Monica , Gbadamosi Mojeed A.
Published: March 2024

Background
One-third to two-thirds of patients operated in low-and-middle-income countries acquire surgical site infection (SSI), which is eight times higher compared to high-resource countries. Identifying the incidence and risk factors contributing to surgical site infection post caesarean section (post-CS) is a step ahead for reducing and preventing the problem. Nevertheless, the distribution of SSI post-CS in Kigali, where CS delivery is high compared to the other parts of Rwanda, needs to be investigated. This study assessed SSI incidence and risk factors among caesarean deliveries at Muhima Hospital, Kigali.
Methods
A hospital-based retrospective chart review was conducted among 373 women who gave birth by cesarean delivery systematically selected from the theatre room and medical records from August 2019 to August 2022. SPSS Version 27 was used for all analyses. Descriptive statistics were used to determine SSI post-CS, and bivariate chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with SSI post-CS. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
The mean (standard deviation) age of the 373 mothers was 30.36 (6.06) years. The incidence of SSI post-CS was 11.3% (95% CI 7.80–14.18). Maternal age ≥ 35 years (AOR = 5.12, 95% CI (1.10-23.95), p = 0.038) was the only independent risk factor for SSI post-CS. Five independent protective factors for SSI post-CS were urban residence (AOR = 0.01, 95% CI (0.003–0.08) p < 0.001), Ubudehe (Income) category 2, (AOR = 0.06, 95%CI (0.01–0.33) p = 0.001), procedure duration less than 45 minutes (AOR = 0.05, 95% CI (0.008–0.34), p = 0.002), pre-operative random glycaemia ≥ 70 mg/dl (AOR = 0.08, 95%CI (0.01–0.69, p = 0.020), pre-operative hematocrit ≥ 33% (AOR = 0.09, 95% CI (0.01–0.59), p = 0.013).
Conclusion
This study found an incidence of SSIs post-CS at Muhima District Hospital at 11.39%. Maternal age was the only independent risk factor for SSI post-CS in this study. Protective factors for SSI post-CS were the urban residence, Ubudehe (income) category, procedure duration, pre-operative random glycaemia, and pre-operative hematocrit. Maternal health care providers, workers, and policymakers must prioritize SSI prevention for older mothers.
Evaluation and SAR Analysis of Low Frequency and Broadband Electric Field Exposure Measurement Values in the Home Environment
Authors: mutlu mustafa
Published: March 2024

In this study, the effective value of low frequency (50 Hz) and high frequency (700-2500 MHz) broadband electric field exposures were measured for 24 hours in four different selected environments in a house. All statistical values of 1000 data recorded with two measuring devices for 24 hours in each environment are calculated, the most appropriate curves are fitted to the data, and the curves are plotted by expressing their changes with respect to time. All statistical and parametric values of the density and cumulative probability functions of the curves are calculated and plotted. In broadband measurements, the broadband is divided into fifteen sub-bands, but the data are available in only six of these sub-bands. The six-layer human head model is created by using the middle frequencies of the six sub-bands used, and taking the permittivity (Ԑr) and conductivity (σ) of each layer into consideration. The specific absorption rate (SAR) value in the brain is calculated by using total transmission coefficient of six layers. SAR value surrounding the head is obtained. These SAR values are interpreted by considering the federal communications commission (FCC) and the community european (CE) occupational and general public the SAR limits.
Sub-attosecond-precision optical-waveform stability measurements using electro-optic sampling
Authors: Hussain Syed A. , Hofer Christina , Högner Maximilian , Schweinberger Wolfgang , Buberl Theresa , Bausch Daniel , Huber Marinus , Krausz Ferenc , Pupeza Ioachim
Published: March 2024

The generation of laser pulses with controlled optical waveforms, and their measurement, lie at the heart of both time-domain and frequency-domain precision metrology. Here, we obtain mid-infrared waves via intra-pulse difference-frequency generation (IPDFG) driven by 16-femtosecond near-infrared pulses, and characterise the jitter of sub-cycle fractions of these waves relative to the gate pulses using electro-optic sampling (EOS). We demonstrate sub-attosecond temporal jitter at individual zero-crossings and sub-0.1%-level relative amplitude fluctuations in the 10-kHz-to-0.625-MHz band. Chirping the nearly-octave-spanning mid-infrared pulses uncovers wavelength-dependent attosecond-scale waveform jitter. Our study validates EOS as a broadband (both in the radio-frequency and the optical domains), highly sensitive measurement technique for the jitter dynamics of optical waveforms. This sensitivity reveals outstanding stability of the waveforms obtained via IPDFG and EOS, directly benefiting precision measurements including linear and nonlinear (infrared) field-resolved spectroscopy. Furthermore, these results form the basis toward EOS-based active waveform stabilisation and sub-attosecond multi-oscillator synchronisation/delay tracking.
Translation, Cultural Adaption and Validation of the Indonesian Version of Withdrawal Assessment Tool Version-1 as a Diagnostic Tool for Iatrogenic Withdrawal Syndrome in Children
Authors: Puspaningtyas Niken Wahyu , Gustiany Erida , Mutifa Juanda , Primacakti Fitri , Pudjiadi Antonius Hocky , Priesley Fuka
Published: March 2024

Background
Sedative and analgesic medications are commonly administered in the treatment of critically ill children in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). However, their use may result in complications such as Iatrogenic Withdrawal Syndrome (IWS), which poses challenges for diagnosis. The Withdrawal Assessment Tool Version-1 (WAT-1) questionnaire has been proven to be a valid and reliable diagnostic tool for IWS, however it is not yet available in the Indonesian language.
Objective
To validate and assess the reliability of the Withdrawal Assessment Tool Version-1 questionnaire in the Indonesian language.
Methods
This study is a prospective observational cross-sectional study that was done in two phases. The initial phase of the study involved translating the WAT-1 instrument into Indonesian. The validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of WAT-1 were tested on 30 patients who received sedative and analgesic medications for at least 5 consecutive days in the PICU Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Results
The Indonesian version of WAT-1 was proven to be a valid and reliable assessment tool, with an r value in the training nurse above 0.361, and Cronbach's alpha values of 0.708 and 0.716 for assessments by PICU nurses and nurses trained in WAT-1, respectively. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) used to measure the consistency of assessments showed very good (trained nurse group, r = 0.878, 95% CI 0.743–0.942) to excellent (PICU nurse group, r = 0.956, 95% CI 0.886–0.974) values.
Conclusion
The Indonesian version of WAT-1 is a valid and reliable diagnostic tool.
Trematode Infestations in Ruminants and Their Snail Hosts across varied Agro-Ecological zones in Ethiopia: Implication for Public Health Risk
Authors: Megersa Bekele , Hussien Bilisuma , Shemsu Jemila , Kassahun Redeat , Merera Olana , Moje Nebyou , Edao Bedaso Mammo , waktole Hika , Ashenafi Hagos , Ayana Dinka
Published: March 2024

The occurrence of trematodes among ruminants and their snail vectors is a major concern across various agro-ecological regions of Ethiopia. Trematodes pose significant threats to animals, causing considerable economic losses and impacting public health. In this study, we have investigated 784 ruminant fecal samples, and 520 abattoir samples, alongside the collection and identification of snail vectors from various agro-ecological regions. Fecal examinations revealed Fasciola, Paramphistomum and Schistosoma species infected 20.5% (95% CI: 17.6, 23.8), 11.7% (95% CI: 9.6, 14.2), and 6.3% (95% CI: 4.1, 9.1) of the animals, respectively. The overall prevalence of trematodes among ruminants was 28.8% (95% CI: 25.7, 32.1%), with 6.0% (95% CI: 4.3, 7.7) showing mixed infections. Fasciola was more prevalent in Asela (26%) compared to Batu (19%) and Hawassa (11.5%), while a higher proportion of animals in Batu were infected with Paramphistomum. Schistosoma eggs were detected only in Batu (12.5%), but not in other areas. Sheep and cattle exhibited higher infection rates with Fasciola, Paramphistoma, and Schistosoma compared to goats. Significant associations were observed between trematode infections and risk factors including agro-ecology, animal species, body condition score, and deworming practices. About 20.8% and 22.7% of the slaughtered animals harbored Fasciola and Paramphistomum flukes, respectively, with a higher prevalence in Asela and Hawassa abattoirs compared to Batu abattoir. Additionally, a total of 278 snails were collected from the study areas and identified as lymnae natalensis, lymnae trancatula, Biomphalaria pffiferi, Biomphlaria sudanica, and Bulinus globosus. In conclusion, the study highlights the widespread occurrence of trematode infections, emphasizing the need for feasible control measures to mitigate their economic and public health impacts.
Bone Health in Newly Diagnosed Female Breast Cancer Patients in China: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Wu Juan , Liang Xin-yu , Hu Lei , Li Ying , Ran Liang , She Rui-ling , Qu Xiu-quan , Peng Bai-qing , Wu Kai-nan , Kong Ling-quan
Published: March 2024

Background and Purpose
Bone health problem is one of the important concomitant diseases of breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to investigate the status of bone health of newly diagnosed female BC patients in China.
Methods
The study included 636 newly diagnosed female BC patients and 268 physical examination women (control group). The status of bone mineral density and bone metabolism of participants were analyzed. The correlation between breast cancer and abnormal bone mass (ABM) was analyzed by logistic regression.
Results
Approximately 15.3% of BC patients resented with hypocalcemia after adjusting by albumin. 25-OHVitD deficiency or insufficiency was observed in 92.3% of BC patients. 63.2% of BC patients had ABM (38.0% osteopenia and 25.2% osteoporosis). ABM prevalence in BC patients under 40 was significantly higher at 40.8% compared to 8% in the age-matched control group. The severity of bone loss correlated with a more pronounced increase in bone transformation indexes. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of ABM and osteoporosis in newly diagnosed BC patients was 5.5-fold and 3.4-fold compared with control group, respectively. All subtypes of BC patients had a markedly higher risk of developing ABM than control group. The risk of ABM in BC patients under 45 was nearly 9 times higher than in the same age group.
Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, osteopenia, and osteoporosis were prevalent in newly diagnosed female BC patients. Regardless of age and breast cancer subtypes, breast cancer patients face a higher risk of abnormal bone mass compared to those physical examination women, especially among the young.
A new pathway to correlate the octahedral tilt coupling and spin-orbit reconstruction at oxide interfaces
Authors: DAS SUJIT , Dey Jayjit , Jagadish Koushik , Bandyopadhyay Arka , Chowdhury Sourav , Hoesch Moritz , Ahlawat Anju , Afaneh Feras , Keshri Aryan , Roul Basanta , Krupanidhi Saluru , Gupta Mukul , Choudhary Ram , Venkatesan Thirumalai , Narayan Awadhesh , Ravishankar N.
Published: March 2024

The direct experimental probing and detailed imaging of octahedral tilt, along with the control of magnetic ground state and spin-orbit occupancies in an artificially engineered heterointerface through the manipulation of strain via interface engineering, is the long-standing challenging issue addressed in this study. We introduce a novel methodology that involves the measurement of the projected O-O-O angles (OOOproj) between the neighboring in-plane BO6 octahedra of perovskite oxide (ABO3), demonstrating a precise quantification of strain-manipulated octahedral tilt in atomically engineered La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO)/LaCoO3 (LCO) bilayer interfaces. The pronounced octahedral tilt on SrTiO3 (STO) substrate (under tensile strain) compared to LaAlO3 (LAO) substrate (under compressive strain) correlates with the enhanced (suppressed) magnetism under tensile (compressive) strain in bilayer configuration, especially within the framework of bond angle geometry and spin-charge-orbital reconstructions, contrasting with strain effects reported on individual single-phase films. Interfacial orbital reconstruction, Co/Mn antiferromagnetic coupling and their manipulation under strain are quantified through X-ray linear dichroism (XLD) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements, further confirmed by both molecular orbital theory and Goodenough-Kanamori-Anderson rules. First principles calculations unveil a higher (lower) magnetic moment of individual magnetic atoms with tensile (compressive) strain, while also explaining the unusual interfacial antiferromagnetism arising from the interplay of out-of-plane and in-plane d-orbital occupations, and the role of bond angle geometry. This endeavor paves a potential method to manipulate the octahedral tilt and resultant perturbed crystal field energy to explore and tailor emergent phenomena at heterointerfaces via atomically precise strain-interface engineering.
Mapping the distribution of tuberculosis cases identified through routine program and community based active screening in Central Ethiopia
Authors: Wolde Habtamu Milkias , Getu Melak , Seid Getachew , Yewhalaw Delenasaw , Abebe Gemeda
Published: March 2024

Background
Smear positive TB cases greatly contribute to community level transmission of the disease. Locating hotspots would make it easier to prioritize and target control interventions. This study is aimed at assessing the spatial distribution of smear positive index TB cases and their secondary cases and the predictors of clustering of smear positive TB cases.
Methods
The study was conducted in Silti Zone of Central Ethiopia from 2020–2022. Data of smear positive index TB cases were collected from the unit TB registers of healthcare facilities. Contacts of all index TB cases were screened in the community and tested to identify secondary TB cases. We performed spatial analysis including Moran’s I statistic, Getis-Ord Gi* statistic and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to assess the global distribution, local clustering and the predictors of clustering of smear positive TB cases respectively. Additionally, we used inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation to predict the distribution of smear postive TB cases and develop a continuous raster map for places with no data.
Results
Spatial autocorrelation results showed that the distribution of the smear positive TB cases showed signficant clustering (Moran’s I = 0.70029; p-value < 0.000). The Getis-Ord Gi* output indicated the presence of statistically significant hotspots as well as cold spots in the study area. Statistically significant hotspots were found in 11 Kebeles of Silti, Dalocha and Misrak Silti districts. Signficant coldspots were also found in five kebeles of the Silti and Misrak districts. GWR analysis revealed that no education, primary education, family size and thatched roof houses were significant predictors of the spatial clustering of the smear positive TB cases. We also found that majority of the secondary TB cases were found in the hotspot areas identified through the spatial analysis.
Conclusion
Our study showed that the distribution of smear positive TB cases in the study area was heterogenous and both statistically significant hotspots and coldspots were identified. Location based targeted interventions could improve TB control performances including reduction in the transmission of TB. Educational status, family size and housing type were some of the factors with significant influence on the spatial distribution of smear positive TB in the study area. Distribution of the secondary TB cases found through household contacts screening coincided with the identified hotspots indicating higher transmission of the disease in these places.
Risk Factors Associated With Covid-19 Transmission: The Influence of Print and Electronic Social Media on Prevention Behavior of People in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Siddiqa Maryam , Shah Gulzar , Ijaz Muhammad , Kamal Asifa , Amna Mahnoor
Published: March 2024

Objective
The current study sought to explore SARS-CoV-02 infection risk factors as well as the impact of media communications on adherence to preventative strategies in Pakistan's Punjab Province.
Methods
A prospective, cross-sectional study was undertaken in the province of Punjab, Pakistan, from November 2020 to February 2021 for primary data collection of 1100 people, with a case to control ratio of 1 to 1. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to find potential predictors of COVID 19 by analyzing the socio-demographic and preventive attitudinal factors. Participants' attitudes towards the media in terms of infection prevention were also evaluated.
Results
The majority of participants were aware of COVID 19, and the majority obtained information via print and social media. Participants were less likely to become infected with COVID-19 if they had heard of it before (AOR, 0.099) or had read any health-related literature about it (AOR, 0.132). Persons those with comorbidity (AOR, 15.32) and having medical history (AOR 2.815) having high risk of getting infected.
Conclusion
The study concluded that people's perceptions of COVID-19 prevention measures in Pakistan were influenced by the media. To control the spread of COVID-19, government public health officials can use media (print, electronic, social) as an influential tool across communities in Pakistan to raise awareness about basic preventive behaviours and encourage the public to adopt precautionary measures.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock: A Multicenter Observational Study: Results from the RESCUE Registry
Authors: Lim Chewan , Chung Young Hak , Ahn Chul-Min , Cho Sungsoo , Yang Jeong Hoon , Kang Tae Soo , Lee Sang-Hyup , Lee Yong Joon , Lee Seung Jun , Hong Sung Jin , Kim Jung Sun , Kim Byeong Keuk , Ko Young Guk , Choi Donghoon , Gwon Hyeon Cheol , Hong Myeong Ki , Jang Yangsoo
Published: March 2024

Backgrounds:
Cardiogenic shock (CS) frequently leads to multiorgan failure, potentially necessitating either continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies investigating the association between CRRT and ECMO in patients with CS. This study aimed to assess the effects of CRRT and ECMO in Korean patients with CS.
Methods
A total of 1,247 patients with CS were enrolled from the RESCUE (Retrospective and Prospective Observational Study to Investigate Clinical Outcomes and Efficacy of Left Ventricular Assist Device for Korean Patients With Cardiogenic Shock) registry, a multicenter, observational cohort enrolled between January 2014 and December 2018. The primary outcomes, including the 72-hour and 30-day all-cause mortality rates, were analyzed in relation to the use of ECMO and CRRT among CS patients.
Results
Among the cohort of 751 patients who did not undergo ECMO, 90 (12%) received CRRT, while among the 496 patients who underwent ECMO, 195 (39.3%) received CRRT. Irrespective of ECMO utilization, patients receiving CRRT exhibited elevated 30-day mortality rates. Nonetheless, among ECMO patients, those who received CRRT had a lower 72-hour mortality rate than did those who did not (19.6% versus 12.3%; p = 0.045). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the lactate level and vasoactive-inotrope score were consistent independent predictors of both 72-hour and 30-day mortality, regardless of ECMO or CRRT administration. However, CRRT emerged as a significant factor in mitigating the risk of 72-hour mortality among ECMO patients (hazard ratio 0.44; 95% confidence interval 0.21–0.91; p = 0.027).
Conclusion
Patients with CS who underwent CRRT had higher 30-day all-cause mortality rates than those who did not, irrespective of ECMO utilization. Among CS patients undergoing ECMO, CRRT was more frequently administered, suggesting that implementing CRRT might potentially improve early in-hospital mortality.
Clinical Trial Registration
: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02985008. 2016.12.05.
Mixed-dimensional Heterojunction by 3D CdS Nanowire Arrays Bridged with 2D WSe2 for Ultrafast Photoelectric Gas Sensor
Authors: Zhang Jun , Pinna Nicola , Liu Xianghong , Zheng Wei , Hu Yinhua , Lu Guocai , Fan Shilei
Published: March 2024

Heterojunctions are of essential importance for electronic sensors due to their unique properties at the junctions. However, a planar junction made of two-dimensional (2D) materials commonly suffers from slow response and irreversible recovery because of slow physisorption and desorption rates. Herein, we present a unique design of a mixed-dimensional heterojunction built from patterned growth of 3D n-type CdS nanowire arrays and p-type 2D WSe2 nanosheets for photoelectric gas sensor. This heterojunction sensor showed highly selective and reversible response to NO2 and NH3 with detection limits of 60 and 54 ppb, respectively, under UV illumination at room temperature. Notably, the sensor exhibited ultrafast response time of less than 1s to 1 ppm NO2 and NH3, which outperforms most previous reports on NO2 and NH3 detection at room temperature. The outstanding sensing performance are attributed to the tuning of the Schottky barrier at the CdS/WSe2 heterojunction through the gas adsorption/desorption under UV excitation. The hybrid junction structure proposed herein will pave the way to engineer new electronic devices from a broad selection of materials to achieve improved sensing performances at room temperature.
Drainage and irrigation on demand decreases severe septic complications and mortality in pancreatic resections
Authors: Gluth Alexander , Preissinger-Heinzel Hubert , Schmitz Katharina , Hallenscheidt Thomas , Beyna Torsten , Lauenstein Thomas , Hartwig Werner
Published: March 2024

Purpose
The necessity of routine drain placement in pancreatic resections is controversial. Some randomized controlled trials have shown that the omission of drainage is safe for some patients, whereas reintervention rates and mortality rates are substantial for others. The present study aimed to assess fistula-associated outcomes in the setting of routine drain placement and drain irrigation on demand.
Methods
Between 01/2017 and 12/2022, perioperative and outcome data from patients who underwent consecutive pancreatoduodenectomies (PD, n = 253) or distal pancreatectomies (DP, n = 72) were prospectively collected in the electronic StuDoQ database and analyzed. All patients underwent intraoperative drain placement. Drains were removed starting at postoperative day 2 in PD or at day 5 in DP after testing for amylase concentration. In case of high amylase levels or macroscopically evident fistulas, drain irrigation was started. Nondrained fluid collections underwent percutaneous radiologic or transluminal endoscopic evacuation.
Results
Clinically relevant fistulas were detected in 53 of 325 patients (POPF grade B 16.3%, grade C 1.2%), and interventional or endoscopic drainage was necessary in 14 and 5 patients, respectively (overall 5.8%). Fistulas that required drainage were observed in 4.0% of patients with PD and in 12.5% with DP (p = 0.009). Delayed fistula-associated postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH) was present in 1.2% (4/325) of patients. The fistula- and delayed PPH-associated reoperation rate was 1.5% (5/325). The 30-day and in-hospital mortality rates were both 1.5% (5/325), and the rate of fistula-associated mortality was 0.6% (2/325).
Conclusion
In pancreatectomies, a standardized drainage protocol including on-demand drain irrigation results in very low fistula-associated morbidity and mortality and an infrequent need for interventional or surgical reintervention.
Fault-slip distribution characteristics and seismogenic tectonics of the M w 7.0 earthquake on 23 January 2024 in Wushi County, Xinjiang, revealed by InSAR
Authors: Yu Shuyuan , Li Zhejun , Zhao Peng , Luo Jiaji , Yang Yuanyuan
Published: March 2024

Satellite data of the Sentinel-1 of a Mw7.0 earthquake on 23 January 2024, in Wushi County, Xinjiang, was used to obtain the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) co-seismic deformation field by inverting the kinematic parameters of the seismogenic fault and the fine slip distribution characteristics. Finally, Coulomb stress characteristics and regional tectonic background research results were synthesised to assess the seismic hazard around the Kepingtage fold-and-thrust belt. The deformation field generated had a long axis-oriented NEE occurring in the Kepingtage fold-and-thrust belt. The line-of-sight uplift deformation promoted the uplift of the Kepingtage fold-and-thrust belt. The seismogenic fault was assumed to be the Maidan Fault exposed in the piedmont of the Kepingtage fold-and-thrust belt. The depth of the main earthquake rupture was ~ 0–(16 ± 3) km, controlled by the NEE-oriented extrusion stress. The main rupture led to the dislocation of the horizontal slip layer in the Palaeozoic sedimentary cover of the Kepingtage fold-and-thrust belt. Calculations of static Coulomb stress changes indicated a reduced risk of future earthquakes in the Maidan Fault, while the potential rupture risk of the Wensu North Fault needs to be considered. The InSAR deformation field of the aftershocks reflected that the deformation field of the two strong 5.7-magnitude aftershocks was 15 km south of the mainshock. The aftershock's seismogenic fault was a thrust fault in the middle of the Wushi Basin. This was a branch fault of the main shock; i.e., a forward spreading fault developed at the front end under the continuous thrust of the Maidan Fault.
A National Perspective: Integrating Medical Humanities to Address Burnout and Stress in Chinese Medical Education
Authors: Zhai Huiwen , Xue Jiaolong , Wu Haotan , Liao Shuang , Lavender Christopher , Lv Yangludan , Xie Wanfei , Cheng Yu
Published: March 2024

Background
The significance of issues in medical humanities, such as empathy, professionalism, patient-orientation, disclosure of harms, and communication skills, has been widely acknowledged in previous studies. While these studies have showcased the impact of individual facets of medical humanities on clinical practice, there exists a dearth of comprehensive assessments that encompass these constructs and their relationship with burnout and distress among medical students. This study aims to fill these gaps by exploring Chinese medical students’ overall perceptions of medical humanities across different educational phases and shedding light on the intricate associations between perceptions of humanities, burnout, and stress.
Methods
We conducted a nationwide survey using a web-based questionnaire across 38 Chinese universities. The survey was administered using the snowball sampling method, with the data collection period running from September 8, 2022, to September 22, 2023. Participants included a national sample of 904 students (out of a total of 969) enrolled in medical schools.
Results
The student’s perception of medical humanities were significantly influenced by several factors: years of medical school education (β  = − .077; P = .045), work burnout (β  = − .208; P < .001), and perceived stress (β  = − .467; P < .001). Work burnout was impacted by clinical clerkship experience (β = .106; P = .001), whereas perceived stress was influenced by the number of years in medical school (β = 0.102; P = .002). Additionally, work burnout acts as an intermediate variable between clinical clerkship experience and students’ perception of medical humanities.
Conclusion
This study illuminated the complex relationship between medical education, burnout, stress, and students' perception of medical humanities issues. It underscores the critical importance of balancing technical proficiency with humanistic values in medical training. Implementing strategies that support students' well-being and foster empathy is essential in nurturing a compassionate and effective healthcare workforce.
Development and Evaluation of a Peer Equity Navigator Intervention for COVID-19 Vaccine Promotion and Uptake in African, Caribbean and Black Communities in Ottawa, Canada
Authors: Etowa Josephine , Hyman Ilene , Unachukwu Ubabuko
Published: March 2024

Background
African, Caribbean and Black Communities (ACB) have experienced an increased burden of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality as well as significant barriers to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake. Addressing the complex issues of vulnerable populations, such ACB communities, requires a multipronged approach and innovation. Peer-led approaches framed within critical health literacy (CHL) and critical racial literacy (CRL) discourses, along with collaborative and participatory equity learning processes, increased community capacity, empowerment, and practice outcomes. They may contribute to long-term improvements in health and health equity.
Methods
We developed and evaluated a peer-equity navigator intervention to increase vaccine confidence and acceptance in ACB communities using a modified Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) Framework. The evaluation drew upon multiple data sources, including tracking data, surveys with community members, and a focus group with peer equity navigators (PENs).
Results
We found that an innovative, community-informed and peer-led model designed to increase awareness and agency among ACB communities was feasible, acceptable, and effective for over 1500 ACB community members between Sept 16, 2022 and Jan 28, 2023. Consistent with the partnership approach, 8 trained PENS conducted over 56 community events. Peer equity navigators (PENS) and community members reported high levels of engagement, appreciation for peer-led community-based approaches and increased vaccine literacy.
Conclusions
The PEN approach is a feasible, acceptable, and effective intervention for reaching and engaging ACB community members in health-promoting actions and behaviors.
Children treated against lymphoid malignancies display diminished IFN-gamma producing T cells after polyclonal and Varicella zoster virus peptide activation
Authors: Tiselius Eva , Sundberg Emil , Andersson Hanna , Hobinger Anna , Jahnmatz Peter , Harila Arja , Palle Josefin , Nilsson Anna , Saghafian-Hedengren Shanie
Published: March 2024

Knowledge on the impact of hematological cancers and their treatment on children's memory T cells is limited. Memory T cells play a crucial role in defending against herpesviruses, particularly relevant in pediatric cancer care. We examined 40 children undergoing cancer or hematological disorder treatment and 13 healthy controls, focusing on memory T-cell subsets using flow cytometry and analyzed cytokine-secreting T cells in response to polyclonal and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) peptides. Children with lymphoid malignancies or post-allo-HSCT showed an accumulation of CD4 + T effector memory (TEM)/ T effector (TEFF) cells among CD3 + cells as follows; [51% (3.8–68.8%)] versus 5.5% (1.3–40.4%), p < 0.001]. Similarly, CD8 + TEM/TEFF proportions were elevated in patients treated for lymphoid malignancies. Following VZV stimulation, these children displayed a significantly lower number of cytokine-secreting cells (183 (30–3181) vs 47 (9–368), p < 0.05) compared to children with other cancer diagnosis/healthy controls. The former group also exhibited a diminished IFN-γ response upon VZV stimulation compared to healthy controls [2 (0–308) vs 53 (5–351), p < 0.001] also noted after polyclonal stimulation. This suggests qualitative differences in T-cell memory among children treated for lymphoid cancers, potentially increasing their susceptibility to severe viral infections, and impacting immunotherapy.
3D Printed Ventilation Tubes and their Effect on Biological Models
Authors: Carbajal-Castillo Sergio Alejandro , Castillo-López Irma Yolanda , Govea-Camacho Luis Humberto , Gonzalez-Ojeda Alejandro , Cervantes-Guevara Gabino , Cervantes-Pérez Enrique , Ramírez-Ochoa Sol , Vázquez-Sánchez Sergio Jiram , Fuentes-Orozco Clotilde , Delgado-Hernández Gonzalo , Tavares-Ortega Jaime Alberto
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Acute otitis media (AOM) causes inflammation and hearing loss. Ventilation tubes are key in treatment. 3D printing improves prostheses in otorhinolaryngology, offering precision and greater adaptability.
Material and Methods: An experimental study was conducted with Wistar rats from July to December 2020. 3D tympanostomy tube models were designed, with technical specifications and tests performed on inexpensive 3D printers. And the tympanostomy tube was inserted endoscopically. Results: Procedures were performed on five rats with implants in both ears. Pre-intervention pathologies, such as atical retraction and glue ear, were found. The PLA-printed tympanostomy tube showed improvement after adjustments. Histopathological results revealed significant middle and inner ear damage.
Conclusion: In our study, the design and 3D printing of implants fulfilled the desired functions when modified, with a height of 5 mm. Complications included PLA degradation and ear damage. There were no adverse events during observation, highlighting the need for further research on 3D printed implants.
Peri- and postoperative morbidity and mortality in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a matched-pair study
Authors: Safi Seyer , Gysan Maximilian Robert , Weber Dorothea , Behnisch Rouven , Muley Thomas , Allgäuer Michael , Winter Hauke , Hoffmann Hans , Eichhorn Martin
Published: March 2024

Background
Reports from case series suggest that operative outcomes are comparable amongst different age groups following surgery with curative intent for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this study was to compare morbidity and mortality after NSCLC surgery in elderly patients (≥ 75 years) versus younger patients (< 75 years) and identify independent predictive risk factors.
Methods
We identified 2015 patients with postoperative stages IA to IIIA according to AJCC/UICC 7th edition who had undergone NSCLC surgery with curative intent at a single specialized lung cancer center from January 2010 to December 2015. A matched-pair analysis was performed on 227 elderly patients and corresponding 227 younger patients. Short-term surgical outcomes were postoperative morbidity, length of hospital stay, 30-day and 90-day mortality. Long-term operative outcomes were disease-free and overall survival.
Results
454 patients were included in the matched-pair analysis. 36% of younger patients developed postoperative complications versus 42% in the elderly (p = 0.163). Age was not significantly associated with the occurrence of postoperative complications. Median length of hospital stay was 14 days in elderly and 13 days in younger patients (p = 0.185). 90-day mortality was 2.2% in younger patients compared to 4% in the elderly (p = 0.424). In the elderly impaired performance status (ECOG ≥ 1) was associated with decreased overall survival (HR = 2.15, CI 1.34–3.46), as were preoperative serum C-reactive protein / albumin ratio ≥ 0.3 (HR = 1.95, CI 1.23–3.11) and elevated preoperative serum creatinine levels ≥ 1.1 mg/dl (HR = 1.84, CI 1.15–2.95). In the younger cohort male sex (HR = 2.26, CI 1.17–4.36), postoperative stage III disease (HR 4.61, CI 2.23–9.54) and preoperative anemia (hemoglobin < 12 g/dl) (HR 2.09, CI 1.10–3.96) were associated with decreased overall survival.
Conclusions
Preoperative treatment decision-making in the elderly should primarily consider individual assessment of patients’ functional performance and general fitness. Patients should not be excluded from surgery for resectable NSCLC due to advanced age.
Carbonic Anhydrase IX Enzyme in Triple Negative Breast Carcinoma: Relationship with prognostic factors and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Solmaz Özgen Arslan , Kutluer Nizamettin , Bozan Mehmet Buğra
Published: March 2024

Purpose
Triple negative breast carcinoma is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2/neu receptor. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a tumor-associated cell surface glycoprotein that is involved in adaptation to hypoxia-induced acidosis and plays a role in cancer progression. This study aimed to investigate CA IX expression in TNBC and its relationship with treatment effect.
Methods
Immunohistochemical staining was performed on Tru cut biopsy materials with CA IX antibody. Positive staining was graded as low (< 10%) and high (> 10%). In addition, the relationship between tumor diameter, histological grade and the treatment effect on mastectomy materials performed after neoadjuvant treatment was evaluated.
Results
Immunohistochemical staining of CA IX in tumor tissues showed that 22,5% of patients (n = 9) had low staining, 77,5% (n = 31) had high staining. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between CA IX staining level and histological grade of the tumor, Ki-67 proliferation index (p = 0.003, and p = 0.008, respectively). However, CA IX staining level showed no significant relationship with patient age, tumor diameter and tumor localization (p = 0.975, p = 0.337 and p = 0.456, respectively). In the evaluation made using Miller Payne scoring(MPS), 9(22.5%) of the cases had a grade 2, 13(32.5%) of them had a grade 3, 12(30%) of them had a grade 4 and 6(15%) of them had a grade 5 treatment effect. Statistically, a significant difference was detected between MPS and CAIX expression (p = 0.005).
Conclusion
CAIX enzyme is a poor prognostic marker in TNBC cases and its overexpression reduces the response to treatment.
Application Based Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Block chain through Bibliometric-Content Analysis
Authors: Attri Mohit , Baliyan Rashi , Chaudhary Diwakar , Sugandha Sapna , Madhukar Khadilkar Sujay , Verma Subhash Kumar
Published: March 2024

Overview
The Industrial Revolution (IR)4.0 is driving the Digital Age, and the advancements in AI and block-chain technology are fueling their integration to bring about transformation.
Research Gap
:Despite the fact that there is study on the use and convergence of block-chain and AI, there is still a lack of consensus on the benefits of this integration for business. In order to close this gap, this paper attempts to describe the uses and benefits of blockchain-integrated AI systems across various corporate verticals.
Aim
This paper explores the potential applications of block chain integration with artificial intelligence (AI) for business, attempting to fill the identified research vacuum. In instance, this research study aims to pinpoint the unique research characteristics of the field and to clarify how, in the era of IR 4.0, the integration of block chain technology and artificial intelligence may benefit various business sectors respectively.
Methodology
:Based on publications, citations, and significance within the intellectual network, bibliometric analysis is used in this study to identify the most influential works on the topic.
Findings:
This study emphasizes the importance of doing more research to address the unanswered research issues on artificial intelligence (AI) and block chain integration from a business perspective in order to support future studies along similar lines. To sum up, this study shows that artificial intelligence (AI) and block chain integration are real, worldwide phenomena with enormous business potential.
Research on identification of critical factors and critical warning conditions under the perspective of safe groundwater exploitation ----- A Case Study on Safe Mining of Karst Water in Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Wei Yongyao , Tang Menghan , Li Zongchun
Published: March 2024

Compared with traditional groundwater, underground karst water has the attributes of high degree of enrichment, stable dynamics, ease of exploitation and good water quality. However, in recent years, with the rapid development of China's cities, the rapid growth of karst water mining has led to a series of karst collapse and other geological disasters. How to weigh the karst water resources both to exploit, but also to ensure geological safety, this invisible "double-edged sword" is placed in front of many researchers in the problem. By sorting out the intrinsic and extrinsic influencing factors during the development of karst soil caves in karst areas, and through the physical modeling test of karst soil cave evolution, the author has studied the influence of different factors on the amount of soil particles lost and the amount of displacement and deformation during the development of karst soil caves. And based on the sensitivity analysis method, it is concluded that the most sensitive ones are groundwater activity and air pressure difference effect. Then the mechanical theory and damage mechanism of the sensitivity factors on the development process of karst soil caves were studied, and the critical warning model of karst soil cave damage was established, and the critical warning conditions based on the sensitivity factors were analyzed and derived:(1) In the early gestation stage of karst soil cavities, soil particles in fine pores are subjected to positive and shear stresses. The positive stress is caused by the super-static pore water pressure, and the shear stress (drag force) is caused by the dynamic water pressure acting on the side of soil particles;(2) The water level fluctuation of groundwater is closely related to the superstatic pore water pressure, and the flow rate of groundwater is related to the dynamic water pressure, which exceeds the critical water level amplitude soil particles begin to spall, and exceeds the critical flow rate soil particles disintegrate and migrate;(3) The critical amplitude of water level fluctuation required for soil particle spalling was derived by studying the relationship between head loss during pore seepage at the early gestation stage of karst earth cavities and superporous water pressure and dynamic water pressure;(4) Based on the relationship between critical shear stress and critical flow rate, the expression for the critical flow rate required for soil particle migration was derived. The critical pumping volume can be converted to the critical pumping volume based on the relationship between the critical water level fluctuation amplitude and the critical flow rate in engineering applications, and then the pumping volume can be controlled to eliminate the formation of early soil hole prototypes.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of fermented red ginseng product (FRGP) for improving blood sugar and blood cholesterol: 12 week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Lim Jung-sun , Oh Bumjo , Lee Hobeom , Shin Eunyoung , Kim Ju Young , Park Myeongsoo , Ji Geun Eog , Cho Belong
Published: March 2024

Background: Recent experiments have suggested that fermented red ginseng (FRG) could benefit people with dyslipidemia and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). According to many studies, the intake of probiotic bacteria may improve glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, there are no studies on the benefits of fermented red ginseng products (FRGPs), which are a mixture of these products. This finding to be further validated.
Methods: A total of 83 people (20~75 years) with elevated blood lipids and fasting glucose levels were enrolled in a 12-week supplementation with FGRP extract-based formulations (n = 41) or a placebo (n = 42). However, 17 people were excluded, and statical analysis was performed on 65 people (FGRP extract-based formulation (n = 30) and placebo (n = 35)). All body mass index (BMI), vital sign and fasting blood test data were collected 3 times at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12weeks. The data obtained were analyzed using SAS software. The adverse effects of FRGP were also recorded.
Results: No group differences were found in baseline body weight, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or glucose levels. Compared with placebo, FRGP supplementation resulted in lower TG levels (-27.43± 63.18 mg/dl vs. 8.83± 46.40 mg/dl, P = 0.0099). The frequency of adverse events in the therapy group was not significantly greater than that in the placebo group.
Conclusions: Twelve weeks of FRGP supplementation could improve lipid metabolism in adults with dyslipidemia and IFG.
Trial registration: KCT0002583; September 26, 2017.