bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FACTORS OF INCREASING THE STRATEGIC COMPETITIVENESS OF THE INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE OF THE REGION
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm branch, Fedoseeva S. , Sсheglov E. ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm branch
Published: October 2021

In this article, the authors consider the key factors of increasing the strategic competitiveness of the industrial structure of the region, which determine the current trends in the spatial development of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the research is determined by its significance from a scientific and practical point of view, as it is due to the trends of globalization, the formation of Industry 4.0, the introduction of breakthrough innovations and radical technologies, and so on. To achieve the research goal, the methods of generalization of scientific knowledge, system-structural and comparative analysis, analytical and graphical interpretation of data were used. The study analyzed some structural changes in the industry of the Russian Federation, the regions of the Volga Federal District, as well as the dynamics of the development of key indicators of the economic development of the Perm Region, including the gross regional product and the structure of commodity exports of industries. Trends in the development of industrial structures in the region were identified, which the authors evaluated based on the dynamics of the industrial production index. It is determined that the specifics of the spatially polycentric industrial structure of the Perm Region are a key factor of strategic competitiveness in the face of modern challenges. The thesis is formulated about the premature deindustrialization of the economy of the Russian Federation, which must be countered by an active regional structural policy of spatial and sectoral development. Based on the systematization of the characteristic features, the directions of increasing the strategic competitiveness of the industrial structure of the Perm Region are proposed. The results of the work carried out are of a systematic nature, potentially in demand in the practice of industry and regional management
Phosphates of the Streltsovsky ore field of South-Eastern Transbaikalia (Part 3)
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Pavlenko Yu.
Published: October 2021

The conclusions’ reliability of geologists who created the largest uranium ore base in the country on the territory of the Streltsovsky ore field (SOF) in the South-Eastern Transbaikalia, about the belonging of spatially isolated phosphate mineralization and powerful industrial mineralization to a final stage of Late Mesozoic tectonomagmatitic activation, is clarified. The relevance of the research lies in the need to study the geological materials at the SOF and the surrounding area to assess the prospects for involving in the exploitation of phosphate mineralization developed on the flanks of uranium deposits developed under the state program of the TOP. The object of study is the “blind” Argunskoye and Zherlovoye deposits and their western flanks on the surface, and the subject is the phosphate mineralization developed in the block of terrigenous-carbonate rocks. The purpose of the research is to clarify the time and features of the formation of phosphates, and the task is to assess the industrial significance of phosphate mineralization for decision-making. The methodology of scientific research is based on the interpretation of geological facts given in the literature and stock materials, use of concepts, terms, creation of hypotheses and their consequences, consistency of the comparison of which with the established facts determines the relatively high reliability of geological results. The author has used a descriptive method that takes into account a system of interrelated consistent positions, and a method of theoretical modeling, which raises the strategic goals of nature cognition to a higher scientific level. The results of the research are presented in three articles (parts). In the second part, phosphates of the region and SOF are characterized. It is established that the Talan manifestation of apatites belongs to the phosphate sorption-biogenic metalliferous formation of the Precambrian metamorphic rocks complex and combines the promising second and third most important industrial types of deposits. It is recommended to perform geological exploration at the evaluation stage and to test the electrothermal method for producing fused phosphate-magnesium fertilizers. In the third part, the known types of phosphogenesis and the genetic features of their manifestation in PSA are considered. Attention is drawn to the advantage of the recommended electrothermal method for processing apatite-carbonate and apatite-silicate rocks of the Talan manifestation
Strategies for the rational and integrated use of mineral raw materials based on the best available technologies and life cycle assessment of mining waste
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Shumilova L. , Khatkova A. ,   Transbaikal State University, Razmakhnin K. ,   Institute of Mining named after N. A. Chinakal SB RAS, Cherkasov V. ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: October 2021

The relevance is explained by the need to expand the functionality of the mining and environmental concept of waste-free production. The purpose of the study is to develop a new one Strategy for the rational and integrated use of mineral raw materials based on the best available technologies (BAT) and an assessment of the life cycle of mining waste. The object of research is the Best Available Technologies, BAT (Best Available Technologies) of mining enterprises. The subject of the study is the relationship of the basic principles of the selection of BAT from alternative technology options with the assessment of the life cycle of mining waste. Method and methodology of research – theoretical analysis, system analysis, development of flowcharts and the new one Strategies for rational and integrated use of mineral raw materials. Results and discussion: a multi-stage comparative analysis of waste management systems in the EU and in the Russian Federation was carried out, which showed that in Russia, for the effective functioning of this system, it is necessary to find and implement such management methods that will allow mining enterprises to interact with the biosphere with the least impact on the environment; it is established that the comparison of alternative versions of BAT is the most effective solution for ensuring an overall high level of environmental protection, saving material and energy resources, taking into account the economic feasibility of implementation. During the EIA, in order to select economically optimal BAT from alternative technology options, enterprises should perform a number of calculations according to the recommended methods and taking into account the nine principles of BAT. Conclusions: the life cycle assessment of mining waste should be integrated into a single management system; a new Strategy for the rational and integrated use of mineral raw materials has been developed based on the best available technologies and the life cycle assessment of mining waste, which allows for waste-free or low-waste production within the framework of the mining and environmental concept
Improvement of the technology for processing siderite ore from the Bakal deposit
Authors:   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Degodya Е. , Sedinkina N. ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Shavakuleva О. ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Gmyzina N. ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University
Published: October 2021

The Urals is one of the unique iron ore provinces of the world, including all the variety of iron ores. Siderite ores are represented by the Bakal group of deposits, in which siderite in mineralogical terms is not a chemically pure iron carbonate, but has an isomorphic admixture of magnesium and calcium, forming sideroplesite and pistomesite. The main iron ore mineral of the siderite ore of this deposit is an isomorphic mixture of iron, magnesium and manganese carbonates, which occur in different quantitative ratios. A scheme for ore dressing is proposed, which includes crushing to a size of 10-0 mm and dry magnetic separation in a suspended state at a magnetic field strength of 52 k/m. The study of dry magnetic separation of siderite ore was carried out on a suspended separator with a constant magnetic field and on an electromagnetic separator 138T-SEM. The resulting magnetic fraction is sent to the baking, subsequent crushing to a size of 2-0 mm and dry magnetic separation in the suspended state. To increase the mass fraction of iron and reduce the mass fraction of magnesium oxide, the magnetic fraction is sent for grinding and wet magnetic separation. The results of the experiments have showed that the enrichment using high-intensity dry magnetic separation of siderite ore from various sections of the deposit, the mass fraction of MgO decreased from 9.4-12.3% to 8.0-10.1%, and the mass fraction of iron increased from 28.8-33.4% to 31.4-40.8%. As a result, a product with a mass fraction of iron 59.3-60.1% and magnesium oxide 10.0-11.3% has been obtained. The developed enrichment technology allows us to obtain conditioned raw materials, which can serve as a promising raw material for PJSC Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (PJSC MMK)
Image of social and religious security in the region of thе Russian-Chinese border in the domestic scientific literature
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Romanova I. , Kononov S. ,   Far Eastern Higher Combined Arms Command School named after Marshal of the Soviet Union K.K. Rokossovsky, Shevchenko М. ,   Transbaikal State University, Shevchenko Yu. ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the study is to conceptualize the essence of the ideas about the social security of the regions of the Russian-Chinese border in the domestic scientific discourse dedicated to Russian-Chinese interaction. The novelty of the article lies in fixing the contradictions between the concept, according to which any actions of the Chinese are considered by the threat to Russian society, and the concept, according to which China’s influence contributes to the development of the social infrastructure of the border regions. The authors first draw their attention to the fact that one of the factors of social security of the Russian-Chinese border is the content of research concepts that form images of the “threat of China” or the images of “equal interaction” with China. The result of the article has become a proposal of the social security model of the Russian-Chinese border, where the dynamics of the influence of the threat factors, factors of constructive interaction, and the factors of the influence of China would be taken into account
FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROCESS OF SOIL AND ROCK MASSIF DESTRUCTION
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Geller Yu.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the process of impact destruction of solid and frozen soils and rocks. The classification of factors influencing the energy efficiency of excavation and mining is presented. The main attention in the study is paid to the analysis of rock mass destruction by single and double percussion tools. The schemes of the deformations development in the massif as a result of the impact on it with one or two indenters under impact action are considered. The schemes of the destruction phases’ development of soil and rock massif, both with single and paired impact of percussion instruments, are considered step by step. It is noted that when a double percussion tool is applied to a destructible medium, the efficiency of rock mass destruction increases due to the intensive formation of a general stress field between the indenters, which leads to the formation of a compaction core in this zone with the subsequent destruction of the monolith. It was found that the optimal distance between indenters operating in pairs is a constant value for each rock and does not depend on the indenter diameter. The schemes of dynamic loads propagation from the sources to the operator with the rigid connection of the working body and the working body equipped with an additional connection are presented. Analysis of rock mass destruction by percussion tools made it possible to propose constructive solutions for the executive bodies of earth-moving machines that ensure the redistribution of the reactive forces arising from the impact into the zone of destruction of the soil or rock mass, which significantly reduces the effect of dynamic loads on the base machine and the operator. On the example of a percussion ripper with a balancing weight, an analytical dependence is presented in which the impact energy is redistributed to the zone of destruction of the massif
POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE RUSSIAN REGIONAL POLITICAL PROCESS
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Beydina T. , Zimina N. ,   Transbaikal State University, Novikova A. ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: October 2021

Political parties today are important elements of the regional political process. Parties, along with other political institutions, participate in the implementation of state policy within the region. The practice of recent years shows a negative trend in the creation of political parties, but those parties that are already registered and are actively fighting for political power at all stages of the Russian elections. Political parties participate in the regional political process to embrace the advantages of the political party space. These advantages are due to both objective factors (territorial potential, the economy of the region) and subjective reasons (personal factors associated with the rating of the leader, both the governor and the party coordinator, the nature of his acquaintance with the central financial department, and more). The study of the organization of power in the regions allows us to talk about its various modifications due to these factors. Political parties are a political institution, they represent an ideological, conceptual, personnel and electoral resource of any government. Regional branches of political parties in today’s political situation fully personify the needs of the regions and represent them at elections. They reflect regional interests, as well as the degree of democracy of the regional government
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN MODERN RUSSIA: A POLITICAL SCIENCE ANALYSIS
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Zimina N.
Published: October 2021

The basis of the political analysis of political parties is the observance of the relevant norms regulating the activities of the party, the formation of their goals and objectives. Political parties have their own organizational and legal basis, have their own charter, program, leaders, their own goals and objectives and perform certain functions. One of the goals of any political party is to participate in the political life of society, in solving its issues. One of the tasks of the party is to participate in public administration by representing the interests of the population during the elections of various levels. The legislative field regulating political parties is constantly being updated; laws are being amended in accordance with the realities of society’s life. The adopted amendments to the federal legislation on elections and on political parties have radically changed a number of conditions regulating the procedure for the creation and functioning of political parties, setting their goals and defining tasks. Today, approaches to the formation and activity of political organizations, including parties, have been largely changed, for example, the procedure for creating a political party has been changed, now only 500 members are needed when creating it; approaches to voting have been changed. These changes correspond to the state of the modern political process and are aimed at the development of political institutions, including political parties. The definition of the goals and objectives of the party is within the competence of its statutory documents and is reflected in the party’s program. In general, the setting of the goals and objectives of the party determines its main areas of activity and its essence
TRANSFORMATIONAL FACTORS OF THE FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL OF THE REGIONAL ECONOMY
Authors:   Perm Institute (branch) of the Russian Economic University named after G. V. Plekhanov, Oborin M.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of the development of the innovative potential of regional economic systems, which determines the vector and the intensity rate of the formation of competitive goods, services and innovation environment. The object of the study is the factors of regional influence on the change in the innovation potential. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of the human factor in the system of transforming and transforming innovative potential as a driving force of socio-economic development. The research objectives are related to the increasing importance of human capital in solving complex strategic problems. The main research methods: system and situational approaches, analysis of statistics on the development of the intellectual potential index. Determining the conditions for the favourable development of the innovation process of the economic system was carried out on the basis of determining the factors that contribute to the effective development of innovations, conditionally divided into transformational and transactional. The greatest importance in this study is given to intangible assets created as a result of human intellectual activity: the foundations of intellectual potential. The active realization of intellectual potential in various socio-economic spheres creates opportunities for regional development, intensification and innovative progress. The analysis of intellectual activity was carried out on the basis of indicators of the Southern Federal District, as a result, a weak level of development and influence on the domestic product was established. Despite a sufficient number of favorable factors, the district can provide high growth rates with the participation of state support for human potential. The technical factor that affects the development of the innovative potential of the economic system is situationally manifested in high-tech industries that depend on the modernization of industry elements, which may differ in the rate of re-equipment and determine the directions of integration of the regions of the district in different ways. The results of the innovation process and the success of their integration into the real sector of the economy determine the effectiveness of digitalization of various types of economic activities and the development of more flexible innovative approaches
OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY OF COPPER ORES OF THE UDOKAN DEPOSIT
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Fatyanov А. , Scheglova S. ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: October 2021

The composition of the mineral raw materials of the Udokan copper deposit has been studied. It is established that the copper minerals antlerite and brochantite are represented both in the form of ordinary and crystal hydrate forms, the properties of which are reflected in the flotation process. Studies were carried out on sulfide, mixed and oxidized samples of ores from the Udokan deposit. A unified flotation scheme for processing such ores with the production of sulfide and mixed copper concentrate with subsequent hydro- and pyrometallurgical methods is recommended. The objects of research are sulfide, mixed and oxidized copper ores of the Udokan deposit. The subject of the study is the technology of processing copper ores. Research objectives: – study of the mineral, material, and chemical composition of copper ores of the Udokan deposit; – study of existing technologies for processing copper ores; – conducting laboratory experiments on sulfide, mixed and oxidized ore samples of the Udokan deposit; – recommendation of a unified enrichment scheme for all types of copper ores of the Udokan deposit. Research methods. The work was carried out on the basis of studying the available sources on the occurrence, composition and structure of copper ores of the Udokan deposit, methods of their processing. In the course of laboratory studies, a flotation method of mineral enrichment was used with the use of operations to stabilize the energy state of the dispersed system (with Eh control) and subsequent electrochemical treatment of the pulp. The authors emphasize that the recommended scheme for processing copper ores from the Udokan deposit will optimize the processing technology and increase the efficiency of mining this deposit. Hydro- and pyrometallurgical methods are the most optimal for processing the obtained sulfide and mixed concentrates
The current demographic situation of the Transbaikal Territory: dynamics and orientation of the main indicators
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Romanov V. , Romanova I. ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: October 2021

Relevance. The conflict, which has become especially acute in recent years, associated with the growing contradictions between regional demographic problems and the objective needs for population reproduction, actualizes the problem of identifying and analyzing demographic events affecting the population, which is extremely important in the light of the strategic directions of the Transbaikal Territory development. The object of the study is the current demographic situation of the Transbaikal Territory, the subject is the dynamics and orientation of the main indicators characterizing the demographic situation. The purpose of the study is to identify and assess the dynamics and direction of the main indicators characterizing the demographic situation of the Transbaikal Territory. The task is to determine the direction of changes in the main demographic indicators for the period 2018-2020, characterizing the demographic situation of the Transbaikal Territory. The methodological basis of the research is a systematic approach as a set of general scientific methodological principles, which are based on the consideration of objects as a system, as well as a structural and functional approach based on the allocation of their structure in integral systems. The solution of the problem was carried out on the basis of the use of general logical methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction. Results. Based on a comparative analysis of the period 2018-2020 and partially 2021 with the use statistical data, the trend of a significant natural decline in the population of the Transbaikal Territory, associated with childbirth due to the annual loss of women of the main reproductive cohorts, was revealed; a sharp increase in the marriage/divorce ratio to 88.1% is significantly lower than the maximum critical value (2.15) of the total fertility rate adopted in world practice to assess the sustainability of population reproduction. The forecast for 2021 of the natural decline of the population of the Transbaikal Territory is given, mainly more than 3 thousand people. The epidemic contribution to the mortality of the population in 2020 is estimated and the first half of 2021. It is shown that migration for the population of the Transbaikal Territory is unprofitable, an alarming fact is the decline of the working – age population-about 10 thousand people in three years. It is established that foreign labour migration does not have any noticeable quantitative impact on the population of the Transbaikal Territory and only simplifies its qualitative structure, strengthening the component, primarily focused on low-productivity physical labour
Analysis of the ecological and economic efficiency of the boiler modernization project
Authors:   Baikal State University, Bergen D.
Published: October 2021

The current set of problems in the field of heat power engineering has remained unresolved for many years. Ecological modernization of fixed assets of heat supply enterprises is defined as the main direction of ensuring the activities of regional heat supply systems in this article. The subject of the research is a set of theoretical, methodological and practical issues of the analysis of indicators of the ecological and economic efficiency of the boiler house modernization project. The purpose of the study is to analyze the ecological and economic efficiency of the project for the modernization of boiler houses to replace coal with more environmentally friendly fuels. The study has been carried out using a set of methods: comparative analysis, analysis of structure, financial analysis. The use of solid biofuels makes it possible to reduce the anthropogenic load from heat supply enterprises. The ecological effect consists in the reduction of total emissions into the atmosphere by 69 times or by 321 tons per year of the boiler house on bit fuel compared to a similar boiler house on coal. The economic effect for the boiler house lies in the possibility of saving on fees for the negative impact on the environment, depending on the fuel used. The calculations show that payments for negative impact on the environment have a small share in the cost of steam and hot water production by boiler houses. In this connection, this cannot become a motive for reducing the negative impact. It is necessary to establish standards for the negative impact and waste disposal at a minimum level in order to form a material interest among economic entities in reducing the anthropogenic load on the environment. The author has calculated the environmental and economic indicators of the project for the modernization of regional heat supply systems, based on the transition from using coal as the main fuel. This calculation can become the basis for the state program for the modernization of thermal energy
Influence of Alcoholic and Malolactic Fermentation on the Level of Biogenic Amines in Wine
Authors: Ageyeva Natalia , Shirshova Anastasia , Tikhonova Anastasia
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The concentration of biogenic amines is an important indicator of the safety of food products, especially winemaking. In grape wines, this concentration varies widely depending on the grape variety, its microbiological state, processing technology, the race of yeast and bacteria of malolactic fermentation, conditions of alcoholic and malolactic fermentation, etc. This research is aimed at determining the effect of the production technology of dry white and red wines on the concentration of biogenic amines.

Study objects and methods. The mass concentration of biogenic amines was determined by the method of high-performance capillary electrophoresis using a Kapel 105R in laboratory-obtained samples of dry white wine from the Chardonnay grape variety and table dry red wine from the Cabernet-Sauvignon grape variety.

Results and discussion. The dry white wine samples revealed high concentrations of tyramine (1.12 mg/dm³), phenylethydamine (0.58 mg/dm³), and histamine (0.57 mg/dm³), while the red wine samples demonstrated tyramine (0.62 mg/dm³), histamine (0.45 mg/dm³), putrescine (0.43 mg/dm³), and cadaverine (0.38 mg/dm³). The white wine samples had optimal pH values (3.2–3.6) with minimal formation of biogenic amines. The red wine samples, especially those obtained by heat treatment, had a lower concentration of biogenic amines, especially volatile biogenic amines, i.e. methylamine and phenylethylamine. The greatest formation of biogenic amines occurred during the acid reduction process: under the effect of enzymes of malolactic bacteria, biogenic amines formed as a result of decarboxylation of amino acids.

Conclusion. The technology of production of table dry white and red wines affects the concentration of biogenic amines. To reduce the level of biogenic amines in the finished product, each stage of vinification has to be controlled, especially the stages of fermentation and acid reduction (temperature and pH). The race of yeast and lactic acid bacteria cannot include those that produce biogenic amines or introduce them in minimal quantities.
Improvement of Technological Indicators of Semi-Finished Products of Sugar Production from Bacterially Infected Sugar Beet
Authors: Belyaeva Lubov , Pruzhin Michail , Ostapenko Alla , Gurova Valentina
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Technological aids play a special role in sugar production technology, but their complex effectiveness requires a comprehensive and in-depth study. The research objective was to establish the patterns of change in the technological indicators of semi-finished products obtained from bacterially infected sugar beets with the combined use of an enzyme preparation, antimicrobial agent, and defoamer.

Study objects and methods. The study involved such semi-finished products as juice (diffusion, pre-defecated, first and second saturation) and syrup, the quality of which was determined according to standard methods. The laboratory experiment was carried out on the basis of the second-order D-optimal Box-Behnken plan for three factors at three levels.

Results and discussion. The research revealed positive dynamics of the following technological indicators: sucrose content, deposition rate, turbidity, chromaticity, and general purification effect. The sugar beet had the second degree of infection with mucous bacteriosis. Purified juice underwent lime-carbon dioxide purification and thickening under the combination of enzyme preparation Dextrasept 2, antimicrobial agent Betasept, and antifoam agent Voltes FSS 93. The greatest increase in sucrose at the level of 1.1% by DM weight was confirmed by a higher overall effect of purification of diffusion juice (2.2 %). The values of turbidity of the purified juice and syrup were below the threshold values. The low values resulted from the increase in the sedimentation rate of the pre-defective juice and the juice of the first saturation by an average of 4.1 and 3.2 times, respectively, due to the effective removal of high molecular weight compounds. The share of the enzyme preparation was 40–71%, antimicrobial agent – 19–49%, defoamer – 1.6–6.5%. The values of the multicriteria optimization parameter corresponded with technological indicators. The optimal combination (per 1000 tons of beets) included 6–8 kg of Dextrasept 2, 1.5–2.0 kg of Betasept, and 15–20 kg of Voltes FSS 93. As a result, the yield of white sugar increased by 0.25%.

Conclusion. The regression dependencies can be recommended for predicting the main technological indicators of semi-finished products. The resulting data makes it possible to determine the effectiveness of the combined use of an enzyme preparation, antimicrobial agent, and defoamer in sugar production. Further research will identify the patterns of multifactorial interaction of these preparations.
Properties of Starter Cultures Based on Non-Traditional Flours
Authors: Gur'ev Sergey , Popov Vitaly
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Bread and bakery products contain nutritional components that make an integral part of human diet. Starter cultures are a promising way to prepare bakery products. The research objective was to study the effect of non-traditional flours and their wheat mixes on the activity, sensory, and physicochemical properties of starter cultures.

Study objects and methods. The research featured Lesaffre starter cultures (Saf-Levain LV1 and Saf-Levain LV4) with lentil flour and green buckwheat flour. It involved organoleptic, titrimetric, and photocolorimetric methods, as well as the “ball surfacing” method, to determine the fermentation activity of starter cultures and to assess the changes in their volume. The acid content of the flour was determined by titrating the aqueous solution of the sample. The amount of reducing sugars was determined by the photocolorimetric method based on the interaction of carbonyl groups of sugars in an alkaline medium with copper glycerate; the optical density of the resulting solution was performed using a photoelectrocolorimeter. The change in the volume of the starter cultures was determined by a non-standard method of using measuring cups in the process of thermostating. The research also included a sensory evaluation of the semi-finished products.

Results and discussion. Green buckwheat flour had a positive effect on the activity of starter cultures based on Saf-Levain LV4 and LV1. The sensory properties of starter cultures with non-traditional flours differed from the control samples in aroma, taste, appearance, and inflation rate. The acidity of the samples varied depending on the flour, its quantity, and the starting culture. The greatest accumulation of acids occurred in the sample with 50% of green buckwheat flour and the samples with 25 and 50% of lentil flour. The most intense reduction in the amount of reducing sugars was observed in the samples with 25 and 50% of green buckwheat flour (from 1.9 to 3.9 times, depending on the sample). In the samples with lentil flour, it was 75 and 100% (from 2.7 to 7.5 times, depending on the sample). The difference in the samples with LV1 was greater than in the samples with LV4, which can be explained by the differences in their microbial composition. The inflation rate was higher in the test samples than in the control.

Conclusion. The resulting starter cultures can be recommended for baking industry and further research. Starter cultures based on non-traditional flours will eventually reduce the fermentation time and produce bakery products with high consumer properties. The non-traditional flours can expand the range of bakery products and increase their nutritional value.
Effect of Dietary Supplement from Lymphoid Tissue of Chickens on Cell Viability
Authors: Kolberg Natalia , Tikhonova Nataliya , Tikhonov Sergey , Leontieva Svetlana
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Today, dietary supplements are an integral part of human diet. Some of them are made of hydrolysates of animal origin. Biologically active additives of immunomodulatory action can prevent various diseases. The research objective was to develop a dietary supplement from the bursa of Fabricius obtained from broiler chickens and evaluate its effect on cell viability in culture.

Study objects and methods. The study featured biologically active supplement obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of the bursa of Fabricius, immature stem cells, and adult differentiated cells of human dermal fibroblasts, HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells, and extract of the bursa of Fabricius.

Results and discussion. The research resulted in a new technology of dietary supplement production from the bursa of Fabricius of broiler chickens. It included washing, cutting, homogenization, proteolytic enzyme fermentation, and ultrafiltration. When introduced into the culture of mesenchymal stem cells, the dietary supplement caused a slight decrease in the cell viability at concentrations of 25 and 50%, which indicated a possible cytotoxic effect of the extract on mesenchymal cells. The extract did not affect the viability of human fibroblast culture and caused no cytotoxic effect. In MCF-7 culture, the extract had a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, which lowered the relative cell viability.

Conclusion. The new dietary supplement based on the bursa of Fabricius of broiler chickens had a cytotoxic effect on stem cell cultures. However, it did not affect the cell viability and had no cytotoxic effect on human dermal fibroblasts. The effect depended on the cell culture. In the case of HeLa, the supplement stimulated proliferative activity, and in the case of MCF-7, it had a cytotoxic effect. Therefore, the new dietary supplement demonstrated some prospects as an active ingredient for various biologically active additives and immunomodulatory drugs.
Formation of Indicators for Assessing the Effectiveness of the Use of Human Capital in the Food Industry
Authors: Skobliakova Irina , Efremova Svetlana
Published: October 2021

Introduction. No standard methodological approach has yet been developed for an objective assessment of the value of the human resource from the position of its effect on the results of the related industry. Food industry is a strategically important branch of the National Economy. It has its specific requirements for labor resources, which can be used as indicators of their effective use in the production process. The on-going transformation of the food industry structure requires customization of such indicators. The present research objective was to form a group of indicators to assess the efficiency of the use of human capital in food industry.

Study objects and methods. Food industry ensures domestic food security and provides the rational use of all resources in the production process. The research featured indicators of human capital assessment adopted in international financial reporting, as well as methods of statistical and mathematical data analysis.

Results and discussion. The present article introduces a new methodological approach to determine the impact of human capital on the socio-economic efficiency of a food industry enterprise. The calculation of the integrated human capital index was based on statistical indicators of demand and the intellectual component in the industry, e.g. indices of employment, education, and industrial production. According to the proposed approach, the indicative function was performed by an integrated indicator of socio-economic development, which included indices reduced to a comparable form. The indices reflected the ecological, economic, and social efficiency of food production. The method was tested at a local cereal-producing company. An average increase in costs for the development of human capital by 1% increased the indicators of the socio-economic development from 4 to 5%. The objectivity of the assessment depended on the provision of a given level of human capital development and the choice of target criteria for the development of the food industry.

Conclusion. The proposed method can facilitate labor management decisions in food industry. The list of indicators can be expanded in accordance with the objectives and installations of scientific research.
Properties of Polyphenols and Xylooligosaccharides Obtained Biotechnologically from Processed Millets
Authors: Zyaynitdinov Damir , Evteev Alexandr , Bannikova Anna
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Thousands of tons of millet grain are processed annually in the world. Husk is the main waste of millet processing and can produce biologically valuable components. The present research offers a new biotechnology for the production of biologically active substances (BAS), namely polyphenols and xylooligosaccharides (XOS), from millet husk.

Study objects and methods. Millet husk was tested for the mass fraction of protein, moisture, starch, fiber, and reducing substances, as well as for antiradical activity, qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic substances, fractional composition of carbohydrates, monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides, qualitative and quantitative compositions of XOS concentrates.

Results and discussion. The obtained BAS concentrates contained 0.90% of protein and 91.50% of carbohydrates, including 68.50% of XOS with prebiotic properties and 6.30% of ash. The concentrate of polyphenols was represented to a greater extent by ferulic acid (33.47%) with antioxidant activity up to 74.0%. The process of enzymatic hydrolysis demonstrated a significant change in the fractional composition of the extracted oxycinnamic acids, which make up the polyphenolic compounds of millet husk. In the polyphenol concentrate, the yield of ferulic acid increased by 19%, and that of gallic acid – by 2.5%, whereas the yield of chlorogenic acid decreased by 13%. The XOS concentrate mainly consisted of XOS fragments with prebiotic properties – up to 78% in absolutely dry matter. The fractional composition of the XOS concentrate revealed the presence of di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentaxylo-oligosaccharides. Xylotriose and xylotetrose prevailed in the KOS concentrates: 15.83 and 16.23%, respectively. The waste of enzymatic husk processing proved to be a concentrate of valuable dietary fiber that can be used as an independent product in the technologies of balanced and dietary nutrition.

Conclusion. Millet husk is an excellent source of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant and prebiotic properties and can be used in functional food production.
Assessment of Exchange Options for Attracting External Financing by Small and Medium Businesses
Authors: Starchenko Elena , Verzhitskii Danil
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The choice and justification of options for attracting investments are relevant for the development of any organization. The research objective was to assess exchange-traded options for attracting investment by small and medium businesses in the food and processing industry.

Study objects and methods. The research featured small and medium businesses in the food and processing industry and their exchange options for attracting external financing. The study was based on system, situational, structural-functional, and process approaches, as well as methods of comparative and factor analysis, grouping, and sociological research techniques.

Results and discussion. The authors described, analyzed, and classified ways to attract external financing by small and medium businesses. Exchange-traded options proved to be associated with the circulation of securities that differ in liquidity, direct access to the owners of funds, and access to a potentially unlimited amount of investment capital. The authors analyzed the existing exchange infrastructure for the businesses under consideration and assessed their potential for issuing securities. Based on such indicators as Average EBIT Margin and Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), small and medium food-related enterprises can issuer securities, especially exchange-traded bonds. Exchange-traded bonds demonstrated a number of serious disadvantages, compared to a traditional bank loan. However, issuers of securities receive guaranteed advantages, e.g. more flexible conditions for raising funds on the exchange, the right to state subsidies for the payment of coupon income, partial compensation for the costs of placing securities, the absence of collateral, a wide range of private investors, etc. Using some real cases, the authors evaluated the liquidity of exchange-traded bonds of small and medium businesses in the food and processing industry according to a number of indicators of profitability and liquidity of securities.

Conclusion. Exchange options can be used to finance small and medium food-related businesses, based on the established ex-change infrastructure, government incentives, potential of the food sector, average EBIT profitability, and revenue growth.
Tolerance of Lactobacillus sakei to Osmotic Stress
Authors: Nikiforova Anna , Khazagaeva Sofia , Khamagaeva Irina
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The development of new technologies of bacterial cultures for fish products is an important area of re-search. Sodium chloride (NaCl) has an inhibitory effect on most microorganisms and is often used in fish industry. The present research objective was to study the effect of NaCl on the growth of lactic acid bacteria of the species Lactoba-cillus sakei.

Study objects and methods. The research featured strains of lactic acid bacteria L. sakei (L. sakei LSK-45 and L. sakei DSM 20017). The bacteria were cultivated in a semi-liquid MRS medium supplemented with sodium chloride at vari-ous concentrations. The optical density (OD) of the medium and the viable cell counts served as indicators of bacterial growth. The morphology of bacterial cells was studied by microscopic examination of Gram-stained bacteria.

Results and discussion. Both L. sakei strains proved tolerant to NaCl concentrations up to 6% as proved by the high density of the cell population – 109 CFU/cm3. When NaCl concentration reached 10%, L. sakei LSK-45 demonstrated the highest resistance to osmotic stress. At the end of cultivation, the population density dropped to 108 CFU/cm3, and the survival rate was 92%. The number of viable cells of L. sakei DSM 20017 decreased to 106 CFU/cm3, and the sur-vival rate reached 62%. The high resistance of L. sakei LSK-45 to osmotic stress was caused by cell cohesion, which increased with the growing NaCl concentration and was regulated by the quorum sensing system.

Conclusion. L. sakei showed a flexible response to the changes in NaCl concentration. L. sakei LSK-45 strain had the highest resistance to osmotic stress.
Effect of Water Contamination on the Preservation of Vitamins in Juices
Authors: Yustratov Vladimir , Timoshchuk Irina , Gorelkina Alena , Gora Natalia , Golubeva Nadezhda , Ostapova Elena
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Whey drinks, fruit nectars, and reconstituted juices are usually based on domestic water. This water may contain various contaminants, which can interact with vitamins in fruit drinks. The research objective was to study the impact of trichloromethane, hydroxybenzene, chlorophenol, trichloroethylene, and ethylene chloride on the state of vitamins in juice products.

Study objects and methods. The study featured aqueous fruit and berry concentrates, used in fruit nectar production. The control sample contained water without contaminants, while the test samples involved trichloromethane, trichloroethylene, ethylene chloride, hydroxybenzene, and chlorophenol. Capillary zone electrophoresis made it possible to determine bioactive substances (vitamins) in aqueous fruit and berry concentrates. Molecular absorption spectroscopy in visible spectrum was used to check the color intensity. Gas chromatography helped to analyze the content of contaminants.

Results and discussion. The experiment tested vitamin preservation in fruit nectars based on water contaminated with trichloromethane, trichloroethylene, ethylene chloride, hydroxybenzene, and chlorophenol. Trichloromethane did not react with bioactive substances. Trichloroethylene, ethylene chloride, hydroxybenzene, and chlorophenol lowered the content of ascorbic acid, carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, choline, and pyridoxine. Depending on the organic matter, water contamination led to a decrease in carotene by 7–35%, vitamin B1 – by 10–100%, B2 – by 11–100%, B4 – by 8–45%, and B6 – by 8–100 in the finished product. The paper introduces a theoretic substantiation of the interaction between the contaminants and the bioactive substances.

Conclusion. Water, contaminated with such organic substances as hydroxybenzene, chlorophenol, trichloroethylene, and ethylene chloride, proved to affect the vitamin preservation in juices, which was illustrated by chemical equations. Therefore, juice production requires preliminary water purification because toxic and cancerogenic substances can decrease the quality and food safety of the finished product.
Artist Books and Art Zines: Past and Present
Authors:   PhD Research scholar, Department of Fine Arts (College of Art), Faculty of Music and Fine Arts, University of Delhi, Sandhu Manmeet
Published: October 2021

The paper is a study of art zines, related ephemera and artist books as well as their historical and conceptual relevance in the study of art. The aim is to look into the precursors and influences to the same and how zines, especially art zine and artists’ books evolved to their contemporary state. Zines are magazine/ books like, though more content-specific, primarily self- published and are produced in limited editions. On the other hand, artists’ books can be self published or gallery/ patron sponsored with limited or sometimes no copies to maintain the exclusivity. The paper will look into similar examples from art history, before the contemporary terms were formulated, in order to understand their origin, conceptual and contextual relevance in the history of visual art.