bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2-Deoxy-d-glucose Inhibits Replication of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) with Adverse Effects on Host Cell Metabolism
Authors: Malgotra Vikas , Sharma Varun
Published: July 2021

The treatment of viral infections is challenging owing to the intricate structure and metabolism of the viruses. In addition, they can highjack host cellular metabolism, mutate and adapt to harsh environmental conditions. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) displays further resilient attributes, making its eradication even more difficult. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus whose replication can be targeted by limiting the substrates available for structural incorporation. One such molecule that limits substrate availability and has received much attention lately is 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG). SARS-CoV-2 infection induces glycolysis, impairs mitochondrial function, and damages the infected cells. Administration of 2-DG can inhibit increased glycolytic flux and some other metabolic processes to cause the cessation of viral replication. This article provides a review of the mechanism of action and safety concerns associated with administering 2-DG in the treatment of COVID-19. The drug can have adverse effects on normal cell metabolism since it targets cells non-selectively, possibly in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the drug has limited use in SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with stroke, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and critical illness.
HIOP-Reader: Automated Data Extraction for the Analysis of Manually Recorded Nycthemeral IOPs and Glaucoma Progression
Authors: Agorastou Vaia , Schoen Julian , Verma-Fuehring Raoul , Dakroub Mohamad , Hillenkamp Jost , Puppe Frank , Loewen Nils A.
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Nycthemeral (24-hour) glaucoma inpatient intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring has been used in Europe for more than 100 years to detect peaks missed during regular office hours. Data supporting this practice is lacking, partially because it is difficult to correlate manually drawn IOP curves to objective glaucoma progression. To address this, we deployed automated IOP data extraction tools and tested for a correlation to a progressive retinal nerve fiber layer loss on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT). Methods: We created and deployed a machine-learning image analysis software to extract IOP data from hand-drawn, nycthemeral IOP curves of 225 retrospectively identified glaucoma patients. The relationship between demographic parameters, IOP and mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) data to SDOCT data was analyzed. Sensitivities and specificities for the historical cut-off values of 15 mmHg and 22 mmHg in detecting glaucoma progression were calculated. Results: IOP data could be extracted efficiently. The IOP average was 15.2±4.0 mmHg, nycthemeral IOP variation was 6.9±4.2 mmHg, and MOPP was 59.1±8.9 mmHg. Peak IOP occurred at 10 AM and trough at 9 PM. Disease progression occurred mainly in the temporal-superior and -inferior SDOCT sectors. No correlation could be established between demographic, IOP, or MOPP parameters and SDOCT disease progression. The sensitivity and specificity of both cut-off points (15 and 22 mmHg) were insufficient to be clinically useful. Outpatient IOPs were non-inferior to nycthemeral IOPs. Conclusion: IOP data obtained during a single visit make for a poor diagnostic tool, no matter whether obtained using nycthemeral measurements or during outpatient hours.
Conversion of Bivalve Shells to Advanced Calcium Phosphate Materials: A Simple, Rapid, Environmentally Benign, and Cost-effective Approach to Recycle Seafood Wastes
Authors: Seesanong Somkiat , Boonchom Banjong , Chaiseeda Kittichai , Boonmee Wimonmat , Laohavisuti Nongnuch
Published: July 2021

The search for sustainable resources remains a subject of global interest and the conversion of the abundantly available bivalve shell wastes to advanced materials is an intriguing method. By grinding, each shell of bivalves (cockle, mussel, and oyster) was transformed to the same crystal type of calcite phase of CaCO3, revealed by FTIR and XRD results. Each individual shell powder was reacted with H3PO4 and H2O to prepare Ca(H2PO4)2•H2O giving an anorthic crystal structure. The mixture of each shell powder and its produced Ca(H2PO4)2•H2O was heated at 900 °C for 3 h, giving rhombohedral crystal -Ca3(PO4)2 powder. FTIR and XRD results of the CaCO3, Ca(H2PO4)2•H2O, and Ca3(PO4)2 prepared from each shell powder are quite similar showing no impurities. Thermal behaviors of CaCO3 and Ca(H2PO4)2•H2O produced from each shell are slightly different. Particle sizes and morphologies of all products are significantly different, affected by the kind of shells used. Overall, the bivalve shell wastes were successfully converted to CaCO3, Ca(H2PO4)2•H2O, and Ca3(PO4)2 by a simple, rapid, environmentally benign, and cost-effective approach, which can be a huge potential in many industries providing both economic and ecological benefits according to the Bio-Circular-Green Economy (BCG) model.
Outcomes and Timing of Bedside Percutaneous Tracheostomy of COVID-19 Patients Over a Year in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Tetaj Nardi , Maritti Micaela , Stazi Giulia , Marini Maria Cristina , Centanni Daniele , Garotto Gabriele , Caravella Ilaria , Dantimi Cristina , Fusetti Matteo , Santagata Carmen , Macchione Manuela , De Angelis Giada , Giansante Filippo , Busso Donatella , Di Lorenzo Rachele , Scarcia Silvana , Carucci Alessandro , Cabas Ricardo , Gaviano Ilaria , Petrosillo Nicola , Antinori Andrea , Palmieri Fabrizio , D'Offizi Gianpiero , Ianniello Stefania , Campioni Paolo , Pugliese Francesco , Vaia Francesco , Nicastri Emanuele , Ippolito Giuseppe , Marchioni Luisa
Published: July 2021

(1) Background: Benefits and timing of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) COVID-19 patients are still controversial. PDT is considered a high risk procedure for transmission of SARS CoV-2 to health care workers (HCWs). The present study analyzed optimal timing of PDT, clinical outcomes of patients undergoing PDT and safety of HCWs performing PDT. (2) Methods: 133 COVID-19 patients underwent PDT in our ICU from April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021, 23 patients were excluded and 110 patients were enrolled. A trained medical team was dedicated to the PDT procedure. Demographic, clinical history and outcome data were collected. Patients who underwent PDT were stratified into two groups: early group, PDT ≤ 12 days from orotracheal-intubation (OTI) and late group, >12 days from OTI; HCW surveillance program was performed. (3) Results: Early group included 57 patients and late group included 53 patients. Early group patients showed shorter ICU length of stay and fewer days of mechanical ventilation than the late group (p<0.001). At day 7 after tracheostomy, early group patients required fewer intravenous anesthetic drugs and experienced an improvement of ventilation parameters, PaO2/FiO2-Ratio, PEEP and FiO2 (p<0.001). No difference in case fatality ratio between the two groups was reported. No SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in HCWs performing PDT. (4) Conclusions: PDT was safe and effective for COVID-19 patients, since it improved respiratory support parameters, reduced ICU length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation, and optimized the weaning process. The procedure was safe for all HCWs involved in the dedicated medical team. The development of standardized early PDT protocols should be implemented and PDT procedure could be considered as first line approach in ICU COVID-19 requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation.
Secondary School Teachers' Self-Perception of Digital Teaching Competence in Spain Following COVID-19 Confinement
Authors: Prieto-Ballester Jorge-Manuel , Revuelta-Domínguez Francisco-Ignacio , Pedrera-Rodríguez María-Inmaculada
Published: July 2021

The education system has become even more complex following the global pandemic, which saw face-to-face teaching transition to virtual teaching. To cope with this abrupt transition, it is essential that teachers had a sufficient level of digital teaching competence. This article aims to increase awareness of teachers' self-perception of their digital teaching competences in the educational field. Specifically, this study explores Spanish secondary school teachers’ knowledge and use of different ICT tools by evaluating their competence based on different areas proposed by The National Institute of Technology and Professional Development (Instituto Nacional de Tecnologías Educativas y de Formación del Profesorado, INTEF), Madrid, Spain. From the results of the questionnaires, we have determined that teachers consider themselves to have an upper intermediate level of digital teaching competence, although there are still shortcomings that need to be addressed in order to improve this level of competence, and its true integration in the teaching–learning process.
Modeling and Managing Flash Flood Hazards in the State of Kuwait.
Authors: Hassan Ahmed , A Albanai Jasem , Goudie Andrew
Published: July 2021

Flash flooding is one of the most devastating natural events that leads to enormous and recurring loss of life. Kuwait was subjected to severe rainstorms in the winter of 2018 and 2020 followed by an extreme violent flood that had not been known in Kuwait since 1976. It resulted in several geomorphological and environmental impacts in urban and desert areas. This produced some positive results, such as geomorphological activity in landforms, the flow of some valleys and the prosperity of wildlife in the Kuwaiti desert. Negative results included some problems in the metropolitan area and destruction of some road networks that intersect the main valleys, and which were not equipped with crossings for avoiding floods. There was also the emergence of some problems in the infrastructure. Study of flash floods requires the involvement of all scientific and executive bodies to avoid environmental risk. The study aims to: 1- Monitor geomorphological and environmental changes. 2- Assess the impact of floods in the urban areas and on infrastructure. 3- Modeling the impact. 4- Creating solutions and adaptions to the flash flood. The study uses several methods such as remote sensing (RS), geographic information systems (GIS), hydrologic modeling and fieldwork to evaluate the impact of flash flood hazards on the sustainable urban development of Kuwait state. This approach is rarely used in Kuwait. We propose a novel method that could help decision-makers and planners in determining inundated flood zones before planning future urban developments in Kuwait, and help them to manage flood water, by identifying the most appropriate places for storage to exploit water in agriculture and drinking.
An Efficient HVAC Network Control for Safety Enhancement of a Typical UPS Battery Storage Room
Authors: Lencwe Mpho J. , Chowdhury SP Daniel , Mahlangu Sipho , Sibanyoni Maxwell , Ngoma and Louwrance
Published: July 2021

Lead-acid batteries utilised in electrical substations release hydrogen and oxygen when these are charged. These gases could be dangerous and cause a risk of fire if they are not properly ventilated. Therefore, this research seeks to design and implement a network control panel for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems (HVACS). This is done using a specific range of controllers, which have more than thirty loops of proportional, integral and derivative (PID) control to achieve a cost-effective design. It performs the required function of extracting hydrogen, oxygen, and maintaining the desired temperature of the battery storage room within the recommended limits (i.e. 25°C ±1°C tolerance) without compromising quality as set out in the user requirement specification in Appendix-A. The system control panel allows the user to access control parameters such as changing temperature set-points, fan-speed, sensor database amongst others. The hardware is configured to detect extreme hydrogen and oxygen gas content in the battery room and ensure that the HVACS extract the gas content to the outside environment. The results of the system show that the network control panel effectively operates as per the recommended system requirements. Therefore, the effective operation of the HVACS ensures sufficient gas ventilation, thus mitigating the risk of fire in a typical battery storage room. Furthermore, the effective operation of HVACS enhances battery lifespan because of regulated operating temperature, which is conducive to minimise the effect of sulfation in lead acid Batteries (LABs).
Light-weight Physical Layer Aided Key Agreement and Authentication for the Internet of Things
Authors: Han Seungnam , Lee Yonggu , Choi Jinho , Hwang Euiseok
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we propose a lightweight physical layer aided authentication and key agreement (PL-AKA) protocol in the internet of things (IoT). Conventional evolved packet system AKA (EPS-AKA) used in long-term evolution (LTE) systems may suffer from congestions in core networks by the large signaling overhead as the number of IoT devices increases. Thus, in order to alleviate the overhead, we consider a cross-layer authentication by integrating physical layer approaches to cryptography-based schemes. To demonstrate the feasibility of the PL-AKA, universal software radio peripheral (USRP) based tests are conducted as well as numerical simulations. The proposed scheme shows a significant reduction in signaling overhead compared to the conventional EPS-AKA in both simulation and experiment. Therefore, the proposed lightweight PL-AKA has the potential for practical and efficient implementation of large-scale IoT networks.
Spherically Symmetric Exact Vacuum Solutions in Einstein-Aether Theory
Authors: Oost Jacob , Mukohyama Shinji , Wang Anzhong
Published: July 2021

We study spherically symmetric spacetimes in Einstein-aether theory in three different coordinate systems, the isotropic, Painlev\`e-Gullstrand, and Schwarzschild coordinates, and present both time-dependent and time-independent exact vacuum solutions. In particular, in the isotropic coordinates we find a class of exact static solutions characterized bya single parameter $c_{14}$ in closed forms, which satisfies all the current observational constraints of the theory, and reduces to the Schwarzschild vacuum black hole solution in the decoupling limit ($c_{14} = 0$). However, as long as $c_{14} \not= 0$, a marginally trapped throat with a finite non-zero radius always exists, and in one side of it the spacetime is asymptotically flat, while in the other side the spacetime becomes singular within a finite proper distance from the throat, although the geometric area is infinitely large at the singularity. Moreover, the singularity is a strong and spacetime curvature singularity, at which both of the Ricci and Kretschmann scalars become infinitely large.
Network of Smart Tip-Timing Sensors in Distributed Blade Health Monitoring System
Authors: Rokicki Edward , Kotkowski Jerzy , Przysowa Radoslaw , Filipkowski Piotr
Published: July 2021

Blade Health Monitoring (BHM) is often necessary in power plants and in aviation to prevent excessive blade vibration and cracks. This article proposes a network of blade tip timing sensors operated in a distributed BHM system. A number of cooperating agents is implemented in smart conditioning units which can autonomously operate in an adverse environment and communicate with other nodes via a serial interface. The project uses special versions of reduced instruction set chips that are able to operate near the hot section of the engine. Due to the limited number of types of microprocessors available in the extended temperature range grading, it was necessary to fully utilize the limited hardware resources and implement preemptive multitasking. For this purpose, a custom operating system and communication protocol were designed. The protocol hosts the middle layer which hides the implementation of the distributed system. The presented architecture ensures the sufficient computational capacity in individual nodes of the network operated in adverse conditions. It is scalable and resistant to transmission errors.
RNA Interference and CRISPR/Cas Gene Editing for Crop Improvement: Paradigm Shift Towards Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Rajput Meenakshi , Choudhary Khushboo , Kumar Manish , Chawade Aakash , Ortiz Rodomiro , Vivekanand Vivekanand , Pareek Nidhi
Published: July 2021

With the rapid population growth, there is an urgent need for innovative crop improvement approaches to meet the increasing demand for food. Classical crop improvement approaches involve, however, a backbreaking process that cannot equipoise with increasing crop demand. RNA based approaches i.e. RNAi-mediated gene regulation and site-specific nuclease based CRISPR/Cas9 system for gene editing has made advances in the efficient targeted modification in many crops for the higher yield and resistance to diseases and different stresses. In functional genomics, RNA interference (RNAi) is a propitious gene regulatory approach that plays a significant role in crop improvement by permitting down-regulation of gene expression by small molecules of interfering RNA without affecting the expression of other genes. Gene editing technologies viz. clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) have appeared prominently as a powerful tool for precise targeted modification of nearly all crops genome sequence to generate variation and accelerate breeding efforts. In this regard, the review highlights the diverse roles and applications of RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 system as powerful technologies to improve agronomically important plants to enhance crop yields and increase tolerance to environmental stress (biotic or abiotic). Ultimately, these technologies can prove to be important in view of global food security and sustainable agriculture.
Recent Progress of SERS Nanoprobe for pH Detecting and its Application in Biological Imaging
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhao Qianqian , Jiang Zhitao , Shen Jingjing , Wu Weibing , Liu Xingfen , Fan Quli , Huang Wei
Published: July 2021

pH value almost affects the function of cells and organisms in all aspects, so in biology, biochemical and many other research fields, it is necessary to apply simple, intuitive, sensitive, stable detection of pH and base characteristics inside and outside the cell. Therefore, many research groups have explored the design and application of pH probes based on surface enhanced Raman scattering（SERS）. In this review article, we discussed the basic theoretical background of explaining the working mechanism of pH SERS sensors, and also briefly described the significance of cell pH measurement, and simply classified and summarized the factors that affected the performance of pH SERS probes. Some applications of pH probes based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in intracellular and extracellular pH imaging and the combination of other analytical detection techniques are described. And finally, the development prospect of this field is prospected.
Nestedness-Based Measurement of Evolutionarily Stable Equilibrium of Global Production System
Authors: Ren Jiaqi , Han Yu , Xing Lizhi , Dong Xianlei
Published: July 2021

Nested structure is a structural feature that is conducive to system stability formed by the co-evolution of species in mutualistic ecosystems, and reflects the ability of ecosystem stability to be restored to a stable state again after being destroyed. The co-opetition relationship and value flow between industrial sectors in the global value chain are similar to the mutualistic ecosystem, and the pattern of the global economic system is always changing in dynamic equilibrium. Nestedness theory is used in this article to define the generalist and specialist sectors in the global value chain to analyze the changes in the global supply pattern. Then we study the mechanism of the global economic system to reach a stable equilibrium and the role of different sectors in the steady of the economic system, so as to provide countermeasures for enhancing the stability of the global economic system. At the end of the article, the domestic trade network, export trade network and import trade network of each country are extracted, and an econometric model is designed to analyze how the microstructure of the production system affects a country’s macroeconomic performance, thereby deriving the conclusion that the stability of the international trade network is crucial to a country's economic development.
Forecast of the demand for electric mobility for Rome-Fiumicino International Airport
Authors: Acri Romano Alberto , Barone Silvia , Cambula Paolo , Cecchini Valter , Falvo Maria Carmen , Lepore Jacopo , Manganelli Matteo , Santi Federico
Published: July 2021

Following electrification of automotive transport, studies on the penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) are widespread, especially in defined contexts, e.g. cities. As major transport hubs, airports fall within contexts worth of interest. In this work, a forecast of the demand for electric mobility in an Italian international airport (Rome, Fiumicino) is presented. First, a wide review of proposed sce-narios on the penetration of EVs at international and national level and available data on local automotive transport are presented, as preliminary study for the definition of reference scenarios for the local context. Then the methodology proposed is presented and applied to the specific case study. Finally, a preliminary sizing of the required charging infrastructure is reported. The proposed approach can be considered as reference for similar studies on electrical mobility in other airport areas around the world.
Towards Making Predictive Maintenance System Adaptive and Interpretable
Authors: Yu Wenbo , Li Xuejiao , Sun Yong
Published: July 2021

Using data-driven models to solve predictive maintenance problems has been prevalent for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). However, such models fail to solve two tasks that OEMs are interested in: (1) Making the well-built failure prediction models working on existing scenarios (vehicles, working conditions) adaptive to target scenarios. (2) Finding out the failure causes, furthermore, determining whether a model generates failure predictions based on reasonable causes. This paper investigates a comprehensive architecture towards making the predictive maintenance system adaptive and interpretable by proposing (1) an ensemble model dealing with time-series data consisting of a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network and Gaussian threshold to achieve failure prediction one week in advance and (2) an online transfer learning algorithm and a meta learning algorithm, which render existing models adaptive to new vehicles with limited data volumes. (3) Furthermore, the Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) interpretation tool and super-feature methods are applied to interpret individual and general failure causes. Vehicle data from Isuzu Motors, Ltd., are adopted to validate our method, which include time-series data and histogram data. The proposed ensemble model yields predictions with 100% accuracy for our test data on engine stalling problem and is more rapidly adaptive to new vehicles with smaller error following application of either online transfer learning or the meta learning method. The interpretation methods help elucidate the global and individual failure causes, confirming the model credibility.
MMTV Prevalence in Breast Cancer Samples in Romania- Do Major Geographical Differences Exist in the World Population?
Authors: Fekete Zsolt , Terțan Bristena Octavia , Ráduly Lajos , Eniu Dan Tudor , Buiga Rareș , Galatâr Mihaela , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana
Published: July 2021

(1) Background: Mouse-mammary tumor virus (MMTV) might play a role in the etiology of some breast cancers in humans. The purpose of our study was to identify MMTV DNA sequences in breast tissue samples from breast cancer patients operated in our regional center from Romania. (2) Methods: We have selected 75 patients with non-metastatic breast cancer treated with curative intent and searched with PCR the MMTV-like DNA sequence in the breast cancer tissue and normal breast tissue obtained from the same patients. (3) Results: None of the examined samples was positive for MMTV-like target sequences on PCR. (4) Conclusions: We could not prove that MMTV plays a role in the etiology of breast cancer in our patient group. This finding is similar to findings of other geographically related research groups and might be due to the fact that only the Mus musculus domesticus mouse species was proven to carry infectious MMTV, but not the Mus musculus musculus species, which is specific to South-Eastern Europe and some parts of Asia.
Analysis of a Mechanical Vibration Filter and Amplifier for Sounding Rocket Applications
Authors: Dąbrowski Adam , Krawczuk Szymon
Published: July 2021

Determining the vibration environment is crucial to analyzing a design of any mechanical system, especially such dynamic systems as sounding rockets. Accuracy of measurement using accelerometers could be improved by application of mechanical vibration filtering and amplifying devices. This work presents a theoretical description of a tunable filter and amplifier. Principle of work is provided as well as results from application of the device on a sounding rocket are provided. It is shown that implementation of such devices allowed for enhancing the accuracy of acceleration measurements. Conclusions on future implementations are also provided.
Level Autonomy of Muhammadiyah Junior High Schools In Sleman Regency of Indonesia
Authors: Susilo Mohamad Joko , Junanah Junanah , Dewantoro Muhammad Hajar
Published: July 2021

The school autonomy is authority of schools without any intervention from other parties, ranging from management to curriculum, facilities and infrastructure, financing, implementation of teaching and learning process, teachers and staffs, and assessment. Thus, school is able to innovate in developing school branding, making it a top choice for the community. This study aimed to assesses school autonomy level, especially in Muhammadiyah schools. This survey using LCBT evaluation instrument model. The subject is Muhammadiyah Junior High School in Sleman Region, include: 254 person consist of 4 principals, 115 teachers and staffs, and 135 students grade 8 and 9. Data collecting technique using questionnaires, interview, and documentation. Data analysis using qualitative and quantitative descriptive technique. The results of study showed that SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Gamping has an autonomy score of 365.30 with strong category; SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Minggir has an autonomy score of 394.58 with very strong category; SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Kalasan has an autonomy score of 354.56 with strong category; and SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Depok has an autonomy score of 364.66 with strong category. Finally, it can be concluded that all of school are autonomy as can be realized with the branding of each school, outstanding achievements, school culture that has been ingrained in the heart all of school community, and high public interest.
Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Testing and Pooling Strategies for Screening of Asymptomatic Individuals - The Philippine Children's Medical Center Experience
Authors: Gonong Danielle Anne , Misiona Grig , Sionzon Melani , Santiago Farrah Kristine , Lira Aquiles Joseph , Lo Raymundo
Published: July 2021

Background. The availability of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is limited by the scarcity of resources prompting the use of pooling strategies. Evaluated in this study is the Philippine Children’s Medical Center’s (PCMC) experience in pooled testing done in asymptomatic population.
Objectives. Review the pooled SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results and case investigation forms (CIF) in asymptomatic population. Determine the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic population and compare all the individual and pooled tests results. Determine the number of saved test kits and identify clustering in the community.
Methodology. This is a retrospective study that reviewed the pooled and individual SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results using Allsheng Auto-Pure 32a extraction kit, Sansure Biotech PCR machine and Maccura Sars-CoV-2 test kits. The pooling protocol used by the institution followed the recommendation by Lo et al in the study entitled “An Evaluation of Pooling Strategies for RT-qPCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection.”
 Results. There are 1828 samples which resulted to 165 negative, 68 indeterminate, and 137 positive pools. There are 157, 135, and 68 pools containing 5 individual samples that were classified as negative, positive and indeterminate pools, respectively. Additionally, the negative pools contained 8 pools with 3 individual samples and the positive pools contained 2 pools with 2 individual samples. Deconvolution of the positive and indeterminate pools resulted to 227 and 74 positive individuals, respectively. In this review, the laboratory saved 24% of the test kits and shorten the overall turnaround time by 23 hours.
Conclusions and Recommendations. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in the population is higher compared to the prevalence of infection in the country. Pooled testing conserved test kits and congruence of pooled and individual ORF Ct-values was observed. An in-depth study including other genes is recommended and assessment of pooling in other population may be pursued.
Cost-Effectiveness of Limited Screening Panel for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Diagnosis in a Resource-Limited Setting
Authors: Medalla Ivy Mae , Gepte Maria Beatriz , Pido Qareem , Ang Daphne
Published: July 2021

Background: Flow cytometry is an invaluable tool in the diagnostic evaluation of acute leukemia and post therapy monitoring; however, majority of Filipino population cannot afford the cost. The use of a minimal screening panel which is both cost-effective and provides an accurate diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia is seen as an alternative.
Objectives: We aim to determine the cost-effectiveness and accuracy of using a minimal screening panel for the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Methodology: We selected a limited panel of 9 antibodies comprising of CD45/CD19/CD20/CD10/HLA-DR/CD34/cCD3/cCD79a/cTdt and retrospectively reviewed newly diagnosed cases of B-cell and T-cell ALL from September 2016 to December 2019 using this panel.
Results: Out of 719 bone marrow aspirates submitted for basic leukemia flow cytometric analysis we identified 268 ALL cases (239 B-ALL and 29 T-ALL).
In all cases, a diagnosis was established using the limited panel. Compared to the current cost of our comprehensive panel (₱ 9,903.60). This limited panel cost ₱ 3,062.29, that offers a 69.08% savings per test, which translated to a ₱1.2 million savings a year (for an average of 180 annual cases).
Conclusion: We underscore the utility of a limited panel for the diagnosis of ALL. Although this panel remains to be assessed with a larger validation cohort, its application in resource-limited developing countries is diagnostically useful and cost-effective.
Recommendation: The use of a limited panel of 9 antibodies is recommended as a screening panel for patients who are highly suspected of having ALL both clinically and initial bone marrow smear assessment.
Growth Performance of Arsi, Borana, Harar and HF-Crossbred bulls finished under similar feeding condition
Authors: Musa Ahmedin Abdurehman , Mummed Yesihak Yusuf , Kurtu Mohammed Yusuf , Temesgen Melese , O’Quinn Travis Gene
Published: July 2021

Background: The study was conducted to evaluate the fattening performance of Arsi, Borana, Harar and Holstein Friesian crossbred bulls finished under similar feeding condition at the beef farm in Haramaya University. A total of 24 bulls with age categories of 2–3 and 4–5 years were used in the complete block design for the experiment. Total mixed ration was provided at 3% of their body weight during experimental periods.Results: The average daily weight gain of the four breeds range from 0.49 to 0.71 kg. Feed conversion efficiency also ranges from 0.11–0.15. Simple linear regression models were used to explore the relationship between live body weight change and change in body condition score as well as seven linear body measurements for all age groups. An average change for a unite of body condition score was equivalent to 20.3, 20.61, 22.42 and 27.78kg for Borana, Arsi, Harar and Holstein Friesian crossbred bulls respectively. Body condition score was significantly influenced by breeds. There was a significant breed by age interaction effect on the initial body condition score of the four breeds. There was a significant and positive strong association between change in body weight and body condition score. There was a significant and strong correlation between change in body weight and change in Total topline, neck length, heart girth, flank circumference and rump length having correlation coefficient ranges from 0.57 to 0.97. Higher net profit of 7,380.47 ETB per head was recorded by Borana bulls followed by Harar bulls, Arsi and Holstein Friesian crossbred with net profit of 5,406.86, 5193.29 and 3,384.98 ETB per head respectively.Conclusion: Borana bulls are more superior in weight gain and net profite. Body weight change could be predicted based on body condition score change during fattening period.
Based on Transcriptome Sequencing: Clinicians Need to Pay Attention to Fever Caused by Common Respiratory Pathogens During the Global Outbreak of COVID-19
Authors: Yin Sheng , Wang Zeyou , Wang Min , Wang Wenlong
Published: July 2021

Objectives:During the COVID-19 pandemic, clinicians and public health decision-makers especially focus on fever patients. Other common pathogens that may cause fever are easily overlooked. We aimed to describe the pathogen infection and epidemic trend of non-SARS-CoV-2 occurring in hospitalized patients.Methods:An observational cohort study of 733 consecutive patients admitted to Hospital Clinic of the Second Xiangya Hospital for COVID-19. All samples of a pharyngeal swab from patients with fever have been tested for nucleic acid and immune antigens of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A/B virus. 649 fever patients have been tested for nucleic acid in ten respiratory pathogens. Macrotranscriptome sequencing was performed on 26 samples.Results:Of a total of 733 patients with fever, 2.05% patients had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. Fever patients with common respiratory pathogens in fever patients was 8.78%. There is no integration phenomenon between SARS-Cov-2 and the human genome. SARS-CoV-2 positive samples will also be infected with other viruses, especially adenovirus. Macrotranscript analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the species and genus levels of pathogens between Covid-19 patients and other fever patients. The main pathways that affect human metabolism after SARS-Cov-2 infection are the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis I and D-galactose degradation V.Conclusions:Most patients have a fever caused by common respiratory pathogens. Clinicians still need to pay more attention to infections of common respiratory pathogens in addition to SARS-CoV-2. China's public health measures to stop the spread of the epidemic have proven effective.
Wire EDM Parameter Optimization of AlSi10Mg Alloy Processed by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: P Vaidyaa , J Jefrin John , M Puviyarasan , T Ram Prabhu , N Eswara Prasad
Published: July 2021

This work attempts to optimize the multi-objective characteristics of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) in SLM fabricated AlSi10Mg through a hybrid artificial neural network (ANN) coupled Genetic algorithm approach. The SLM is unambiguously one of the most effective commercially viable successful additive manufacturing (AM) technologies that have the potential to replace many traditional methods of manufacturing. However, the highly intricate metallic support structures created in SLM are too strong to be eliminated by hands for which precision machining operations such as WEDM are widely employed for post-processing of SLM-AlSi10Mg. The Taguchi experimental design, considering the three most influencing factors, was performed to obtain micro-hardness and surface roughness results. The input factors for optimization are discharge current, discharge voltage, and pulse time-on in the WEDM process. The multi-objective optimization is performed using the ANN coupled (GA) approach where the ANN model has been generated first and the results of the best model are fed to GA for optimization. For this, five variants of three-layered, multi-perceptron models with feed-forward (BP) neural structures are also developed. The current model is supplemented with a Levenberg-Marquart algorithm that uses Logarithmic Sigmoid (Logsig) and Linear (Purelin) transfer functions. Finally, the response values from the best ANN model (3-10-2) are employed for multi-objective optimization using GA. The present study establishes the following optimized process parameters. 12 A discharge current, 42 V discharge voltage, and 12 µs time-on for maximized microhardness of 478 VHN and minimized surface roughness of 4.3 µm, both with greater than 98% confidence level. The present study reports briefly phase characterization such as the presence of Si particles, α-Al, and Mg2Si phases on the re-cast surface. The surface quality of the optimized specimen exhibits superior surface quality than its other experimental counterparts.
Human-nature connectedness as a pathway to sustainability: a global meta-analysis
Authors: Barragan-Jason Gladys , de Mazancourt Claire , Parmesan Camille , Singer Michael , Loreau Michel
Published: July 2021

Internationally-agreed sustainability goals are being missed. Here, we document a potential reason for this failure and show how the extent to which humans see themselves as part of nature – known as human-nature connectedness (HNC) – can be used as a leverage point for increasing public engagement towards sustainability targets. We conduct the first global quantitative analysis of the HNC literature, with meta-analyses of 59 experimental and 147 correlational studies. Meta-analysis of experiments documents significant increases in HNC after manipulations involving contact with nature and "mindfulness" practices (focusing on oneself and surroundings in the present moment). By contrast, estimated effects on HNC of environmental education and virtual nature experience were minimal. Meta-analysis of correlational studies documents that individuals with high HNC had higher levels of physical contact with nature, more engagement in mindfulness and more pro-nature behaviours. They also felt significantly happier and healthier than those with low HNC. Thus, HNC is positively linked to mindsets that value sustainability and behaviours that enhance it. Further, we show that HNC can be enhanced by interventions and we identify techniques most likely to succeed. These results suggest that enhancing HNC, via promotion of targeted practices, can improve sustainability.
Intrinsic Zero-Linear and Zero-Area Compressibility over an Ultra-Wide Pressure Range within a “Gear-Spring” Structure
Authors: Jiang Dequan , Wen Ting , Song Huimin , Jiang Zimin , Li Chen , Liu Ke , Yang Wenge , Mao Ho-Kwang , Wang Yonggang
Published: July 2021

Materials with zero-linear compression (ZLC) and zero-area compression (ZAC) hold great promises for specific applications retaining constant in specific directions or planes under external impaction. Up to now, no more than ten ZLC/ZAC materials have been reported, most of which are of very limited working pressure ranges (< 10 GPa). Herein, we report the observation of concurrent ZLC and ZAC in Li2Ti(IO3)6 with a “Gear-Spring” type structure over an ultra-wide pressure range (0 ~ 40 GPa). Structure analysis reveals that the rotatable metal coordination polyhedra (gears) and extremely compressible metal chains (springs) work together to form an exquisite mechanical unloading device with intrinsic ZLC and ZAC behavior. Moreover, Li2Ti(IO3)6 sets a record-wide ZLC/ZAC working pressure range (up to 40 GPa) among anisotropic compression materials. The demonstration of intrinsic and long-lasting ZLC/ZAC with a “Gear-Spring” mechanism paves the way to shock-resistant precision optics applied under extreme conditions.
Cold Gas in Massive Galaxies as A Critical Test of Black Hole Feedback Models
Authors: Shi Jingjing , Peng Yingjie , Diemer Benedikt , Stevens Adam , Pillepich Annalisa , Renzini Alvio , Dou Jing , Gao Yu , Gu Qiusheng , Ho Luis , Kong Xu , Lagos Claudia , Li Di , Li Jiaxuan , Maiolino Roberto , Mannucci Filippo , Xie Lizhi , Zhang Chengpeng
Published: July 2021

Black hole feedback has been widely implemented as the key recipe to quench star formation in massive galaxies in modern semi-analytic models and hydrodynamical simulations. As the theoretical details surrounding the accretion and feedback of black holes continue to be refined, various feedback models have been implemented across simulations, with notable differences in their outcomes. Yet, most of these simulations have successfully reproduced some observations, such as stellar mass function and star formation rate density in the local Universe. We use the recent observation on the change of neutral hydrogen gas mass (including both H2 and H1) with star formation rate of massive central disc galaxies as a critical test of black hole feedback models across several simulations. We find that IllustrisTNG reproduces the observations significantly better than the other models that we have tested. This favors IllustrisTNG's treatment of active galactic nuclei---where kinetic winds are driven by black holes at low accretion rates---as the most physically plausible amongst those we test. In turn, this also supports the idea that the massive central disc galaxy population in the local Universe was likely quenched by AGN feedback.
Cell-cell Communication Inference from Single-cell RNA-Seq Data: a Comparison of Methods and Resources
Authors: Dimitrov Daniel , Türei Dénes , Boys Charlotte , Nagai James , Flores Ricardo Ramirez , Kim Hyojin , Szalai Bence , Costa Ivan , Dugourd Aurelien , Valdeolivas Alberto , Rodriguez Julio Saez
Published: July 2021

The growing availability of single-cell data has sparked an increased interest in the inference of cell-cell communication from this data. Many tools have been developed for this purpose. Each of them consists of a resource of intercellular interactions prior knowledge and a method to predict potential cell-cell communication events. Yet the impact of the choice of resource and method on the resulting predictions is largely unknown. To shed light on this, we created a framework, available at https://github.com/saezlab/liana/tree/biorxiv-clean, to facilitate a comparative assessment of methods for inferring cell-cell communication from single cell transcriptomics data and then compared 15 resources and 6 methods. We found few unique interactions and a varying degree of overlap among the resources, and observed uneven coverage in terms of pathways and biological categories. We analysed a colorectal cancer single cell RNA-Seq dataset using all possible combinations of methods and resources. We found major differences among the highest ranked intercellular interactions inferred by each method even when using the same resources. The varying predictions lead to fundamentally different biological interpretations, highlighting the need to benchmark resources and methods.
Quantitative research on kidney transplants over 10 years in Brazil
Authors: de Oliveira Marcella Thamirys Leles , Japiassu Renato Barbosa , Rached Chennyfer Dobbins Abi
Published: July 2021

Chronic Kidney Failure is a chronic-degenerative disease that causes irreversible renal pathological changes, paralyzing the vital functions of the kidneys. This study aims to carry out a survey of the absolute number of kidney transplants in Brazil in the period from 2010 to 2020. This work is a bibliographic research of an explanatory nature and quantitative approach, where it is intended to quantify the absolute number of Chronic Kidney Patients in a period 10 years, who underwent kidney transplantation in Brazil. In this study it is possible to identify the continuous growth in the absolute number of transplants in Brazil, but although there has been an increase in the number of transplants, it still does not meet the expected growth so that it can better meet the needs of the Brazilian population, since today the kidney disease and underlying diseases, such as diabetes and systemic arterial hypertension, have been increasing the number of cases of the disease, and the public service must equally meet these needs, especially regarding financial investments and guidance from the multidisciplinary team, always focusing on primary care of health.
Multilayer Site Ust-Menza 6 (Gruzdevaya): Preliminary Results of the Study of Cultural Layers 3 and 4
Authors:   Institute of Archeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Natalia O. Vikulova
Published: July 2021

The Chikoy archaeological expedition led by M. V. Konstantinova has been studying the Ust-Menzinsky archaeological complex in the territory of Western Transbaikalia since 1980. Particular attention is paid to the study of Paleolithic monuments within the framework of multilayer objects. They represent a unique opportunity for reconstructing the variability and continuity of paleotechnologies, as well as paleogeographic and paleoclimatic conditions of the Late Pleistocene. Of particular interest is the settlement of Ust-Menza-5, located on the IV terrace with a height of 20–22 m. In 2012, a systematic study of even higher levels of Ust-Menza began. As a result of these works, the sites Ust-Menza 6 (Gruzdevaya) and Ust-Menza 15 (Kedrovaya) were studied. In the framework of this article, we will consider the preliminary results of the study of cultural layers 3 and 4 of the multilayer site Ust-Menza 6 (Gruzdevaya). As a result of studies of the site, carried out at an altitude of 32 m above the Menza river edge, within the framework of an excavation of 100 m2, 7 cultural layers were identified, deposits 8 m thick were studied. Cultural layers 3 and 4 were attributed to two generations of ancient man in the middle pore of the upper Paleolithic in the range of 19–27 thousand years ago. This period is the least studied within the periodization of the Stone Age of Transbaikalia. The results of the study of cultural layers 3 and 4 of Ust-Menza 6 (Gruzdeva) make it possible to actualize and significantly supplement the ideas about the variability of the stone industries of Transbaikalia in the final of MIS 3 ‒ the first half of MIS 2. The author took an active part in fieldwork, office processing, preparation of scientific reports and analysis of the revealed materials. Keywords: Western Transbaikal, Ust-Menza 6 (Gruzdevaya), multilayer site, Middle period of the Upper Paleolithic, stone inventory, stratigraphy, absolute dating