bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Describing and Mapping the Research Trend of Scientific Publications on Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy Across Four Decades: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Mo Leitong , Sia Ching‐Hui , Lin Weiqin , Zheng Xifeng , Peng Kaiyi
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To perform a bibliometric analysis of publications of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) from 1981 to 2023 to summarize the current publications and explore frontiers on this topic.

Methods

We integrated the scientific publications on ARVC in the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database from January 1981 to September 2023, using the retrieval strategy of medical subject headings combined with keywords. We focused on articles and reviews that were published in English. Relevant information such as the journal and publisher, the title, authors, organizations, abstract, keywords, published date, and number of citations, were collected. Bibliometric analysis was performed and visualized by the R software and Microsoft Excel.

Results

The results revealed a total of 4792 records related to ARVC from the WOS database, and 2992 original articles or reviews which were selected for bibliometric analysis. There were 79 countries and regions, 3724 research institutions, and 12 157 scholars who have published in this topic. The number of scientific publications of ARVC increased year‐by‐year, with an annual growth rate of 12.12%. We also investigated the top 10 contributing countries, organizations with affiliations, most influential researchers, highest‐cited articles, and highest‐frequency keywords. In addition, the most active areas of research on ARVC included that of fatal complications, molecular pathological mechanisms, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis respectively according to the keywords trend analysis.

Conclusions

Our study reports the publication landscape of ARVC during the past four decades based on bibliometric analysis. This study provides a deeper understanding of the published literature on ARVC.
Design and Synthesis of Unsymmetric Benzils, Quinoxalines, and Evaluations of their Anticancer Activities against Human Non‐Small Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Hsu Ping‐Chih , Hsu Yu‐Hsin , Chang Chuan‐Hsin , Shih Tzenge‐Lien
Published: November 2024

Quinoxaline and its derivatives exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activity, making them valuable for various therapeutic applications. However, most quinoxalines are synthetically produced due to their scarcity in nature. In this article, a series of unsymmetric benzils were synthesized and subsequently condensed with 1,2‐diaminobenzene to produce unsymmetric quinoxalines. The novel synthetic benzils and quinoxalines were evaluated for their anticancer activities against human non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells harboring different gene mutations, to explore their potential as anticancer agents. Among these synthesized molecules, compound 5 g demonstrated inhibitory effects comparable to those of cisplatin.
Prediction Model for Polyneuropathy in Recent‐Onset Diabetes Based on Serum Neurofilament Light Chain, Fibroblast Growth Factor‐19 and Standard Anthropometric and Clinical Variables
Authors: Maalmi Haifa , Nguyen Phong B. H. , Strom Alexander , Bönhof Gidon J. , Rathmann Wolfgang , Ziegler Dan , Menden Michael P. , Roden Michael , Herder Christian ,   GDS Group
Published: November 2024

Background

Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) is often asymptomatic and remains undiagnosed. The ability of clinical and anthropometric variables to identify individuals likely to have DSPN might be limited. Here, we aimed to integrate protein biomarkers for reliably predicting present DSPN.

Methods

Using the proximity extension assay, we measured 135 neurological and protein biomarkers of inflammation in blood samples of 423 individuals with recent‐onset diabetes from the German Diabetes Study (GDS). DSPN was diagnosed based on the Toronto Consensus Criteria. We constructed (i) a protein‐based prediction model using LASSO logistic regression, (ii) an optimised traditional risk model with age, sex, waist circumference, height and diabetes type and (iii) a model combining both. All models were bootstrapped to assess the robustness, and optimism‐corrected AUCs (95% CI) were reported.

Results

DSPN was present in 16% of the study population. LASSO logistic regression selected the neurofilament light chain (NFL) and fibroblast growth factor‐19 (FGF‐19) as the most predictive protein biomarkers for detecting DSPN in individuals with recent‐onset diabetes. The protein‐based model achieved an AUC of 0.66 (0.59, 0.73), while the traditional risk model had an AUC of 0.66 (0.61, 0.74). However, combined features boosted the model performance to an AUC of 0.72 (0.67, 0.79).

Conclusion

We developed a prediction model for DSPN in recent‐onset diabetes based on two protein biomarkers and five standard anthropometric, demographic and clinical variables. The model has a fair discrimination performance and might be used to inform the referral of patients for further testing.
Dyadic Psychopathology and Adjustment to Parenthood in Families With and Without Eating Disorder History—Findings From a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Throm Jana Katharina , Dörsam Annica Franziska , Micali Nadia , Preissl Hubert , Giel Katrin Elisabeth
Published: November 2024

Objective

Transition to parenthood is a vulnerable period for individual health and partnership quality. This study investigated parental health and partnership after childbirth in families with and without maternal eating disorder (ED) history. We report longitudinal data on parental ED psychopathology, depressive symptoms, and adjustment, including dyadic associations.

Method

Data derived from the prospective multi‐method cohort study EMKIE. Women with (n = 24) and without (n = 33) ED history and their partners took part from late pregnancy to 10 months postpartum and completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes Questionnaire or the paternal equivalent.

Results

ED psychopathology increased in mothers in both groups. Mothers in the ED group had more severe ED psychopathology, higher depression scores, and lower levels of adjustment to motherhood compared to the control group across all measurement points. No group differences emerged between partners, but ED psychopathology increased in partners of women with ED history over time. A negative correlation between maternal ED severity and paternal adjustment was observed in the ED group.

Discussion

After childbirth, mothers with ED history experienced mental health deterioration and adjustment difficulties and fathers struggled with paternal adjustment if their partner was affected by severe ED symptoms. These results emphasize the need for close monitoring and consistent care of women with ED during this vulnerable period and highlight adjustment needs of partners of severely affected women. Further qualitative approaches are needed to deepen the knowledge of paternal experiences during this period.
Network pharmacology and molecular docking study on the potential mechanism of Tongqiao–Biyan granule in treatment of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Song Zheying , Yang Yujuan , Zhai Zhaoxue , Zhang Yu , Song Xicheng
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a pervasive global health problem, imposing a major economic burden and causing disability worldwide. Tongqiao–Biyan granule (TBG) has gained popularity in China for the treatment of AR. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying TBG's efficacy in treating AR.

Methods

The Traditional Chinese Medicine pharmacological database was utilized to identify the main ingredients in TBG and their corresponding target genes. AR‐related target genes were identified using the GeneCards, OMIM, and DrugBank databases. The Gene Ontology (GO) network, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and target protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were employed to analyze the molecular mechanisms. The top five hub genes were selected for molecular docking with the top five ranked compounds to confirm their interaction in TBG when used in the treatment of AR.

Results

A total of 7 active ingredients from TBG, 784 predicted targets of TBG, and 945 AR targets were obtained. Analysis via the GO and KEGG databases revealed that TBG can act on AR by modulating inflammatory responses and promoting cell migration. PPI network analysis and molecular docking results suggested that phellopterin, quercetin, luteolin, denudatin B, and cleomiscosin A in TBG may alleviate the AR symptoms by interacting with key proteins such as TNF, AKT1, STAT3, VEGFA, and EGFR.

Conclusions

TBG modulates numerous targets across diverse signaling pathways in the AR therapy. Our results furnish a theoretical foundation for further exploring TBG's pharmacological mechanism in AR treatment.
Epidemiology of hospitalized heart failure in France based on national data over 10 years, 2012–2022
Authors: Olié Valérie , Isnard Richard , Pousset Françoise , Grave Clémence , Blacher Jacques , Gabet Amélie
Published: November 2024

Aims

We aim to describe the incidence of HF hospitalization in France in the post‐pandemic era, the prevalence of HF cases and patients' characteristics, management and outcomes while focusing on sex, age and socio‐economic differences and to analyse time‐trends between 2012 and 2022.

Methods and results

Based on the French health care database providing medical information for almost the whole French population, patients hospitalized for acute decompensated HF without history of HF in the 5 years were identified by the International Classification of Diseases – 10th revision (ICD‐10) codes. In 2022, the estimated prevalence of HF was 1.7% in France and has increased until the COVID‐19 pandemic and decreased thereafter. The incidence of acute HF decompensation reached 201.4 per 100 000 inhabitants and has decreased since 2012 (−1% per year). A significant increase of the HF incidence was found in men aged <45 years. Women aged <65 years were less likely to be admitted in a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) unit and had higher probability of one‐year mortality compared with men of the same age. One‐year mortality was significantly increased in patients from the most deprived area among extreme age group only (under 65 and ≥85 years). One‐year rehospitalization rates have decreased significantly, particularly in men aged <75 years. A decrease in ACE/ARBs deliveries was observed in both men and women.

Conclusions

Despite the decrease in acute HF decompensation incidence and improvements in the management, the prevalence of HF remains stable in France and prognosis remains poor.
New cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with advanced cancer – A prospective study comparing MR‐proADM, MR‐proANP, copeptin, high‐sensitivity troponin T and NT‐proBNP
Authors: Anker Markus S. , Lück Laura C. , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Porthun Jan , Hadzibegovic Sara , Lena Alessia , Wilkenshoff Ursula , Weinländer Pia , Evertz Ruben , Totzeck Matthias , Mahabadi Amir A. , Rassaf Tienush , Anker Stefan D. , Bullinger Lars , Keller Ulrich , Karakas Mahir , Landmesser Ulf , Butler Javed , von Haehling Stephan
Published: November 2024

Aims

Traditional cardiovascular (CV) biomarkers (high‐sensitivity troponinT [hsTnT] and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide [NT‐proBNP]) are important to monitor cancer patients' cardiac function and to assess prognosis. Newer CV biomarkers (mid‐regional pro‐adrenomedullin [MR‐proADM], C‐terminal pro‐arginine vasopressin [copeptin], and mid‐regional pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide [MR‐proANP]) might outperform traditional biomarkers.

Methods and results

Overall, 442 hospitalized cancer patients without significant CV disease or current infection were enrolled (61 ± 15 years, 52% male, advanced cancer stage: 85%) and concentrations of CV biomarkers were analysed. Differences in echocardiographic, clinical, laboratory parameters were assessed. Patients were followed for up to 69 months for all‐cause mortality. In univariable analyses, MR‐proADM, hsTnT, copeptin, MR‐proANP, and NT‐proBNP predicted all‐cause mortality. In multivariable analyses (adjusted for sex, age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], C‐reactive protein, anti‐cancer therapy, reason for hospitalization, cancer stage and type), only MR‐proADM remained an independent predictor of mortality (MR‐proADM per 1 ln: hazard ratio [HR] 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47–3.50], p < 0.001). MR‐proADM had the highest area under the curve (AUC) using receiver operating characteristic analysis (AUC [95% CI] 0.74 [0.69–0.79]; hsTnT: AUC 0.69; copeptin: AUC 0.66; MR‐proANP: AUC 0.63; NT‐proBNP: AUC 0.62). Optimal cut‐point for mortality prediction with MR‐proADM was 0.94 nmol/L (HR 2.43 [95% CI 1.92–3.06], p < 0.001). Patients with MR‐proADM >0.94 nmol/L were older, more often had cancer stage IV, showed reduced performance status, eGFR, haemoglobin, diastolic left ventricular function, and elevated systolic pulmonary artery pressure.

Conclusion

MR‐proADM is an independent predictor of mortality in advanced stage, hospitalized cancer patients without significant CV disease or current infection. The optimal MR‐proADM cut‐point for mortality prediction was 0.94 nmol/L with hazards for mortality being approximately 2.5 times higher. There was a continuous increase in mortality risk with stepwise increase of MR‐proADM concentrations. Elevated concentrations of MR‐proADM were also associated with reduced performance status and mildly reduced left ventricular diastolic function as well as higher age and more often cancer stage IV.
Discontinuation and reinitiation of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Landucci Laura , Faxén Ulrika Ljung , Benson Lina , Dahlström Ulf , Carrero Juan J. , Savarese Gianluigi , Lund Lars H.
Published: November 2024

Aims

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) improve outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) but are underused. Point prevalent use has been described, but the kinetics of discontinuation and the extent of reinitiation have not been studied.

Methods and results

Patients with HFrEF enrolled in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry between 2006 and 2021 were linked to the Prescribed Drug Register. The rate of discontinuation during the first year of treatment and reinitiation the year after discontinuation were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the predictors of discontinuation. Of 11 474 MRA new users, 71% remained on therapy at 1 year. Baseline characteristics independently associated with discontinuation were: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 ml/min/1.73 m2 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34–2.27), hyperkalaemia (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.25–2.40), eGFR 30–60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.37–1.66), age ≥80 years (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.10–1.43), enrolment as inpatient (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.14–1.38), a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.10–1.39), living alone (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.13–1.34), ischaemic heart disease (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09–1.31), anaemia (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07–1.29), diabetes mellitus (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.04–1.27) and New York Heart Association class III–IV (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.24). Reinitiation within a year occurred in 46% of cases, mostly within 3 months after discontinuation.

Conclusion

Among patients with HFrEF initiated on MRA, 71% remained on therapy at 1 year. Discontinuation occurred early and was more common in patients with advanced kidney disease, hyperkalaemia, lack of follow‐up in specialty care, more severe heart failure, comorbidities, and markers of sociodemographic frailty. Among those who discontinued, almost half reinitiated treatment the year following discontinuation.
Asymmetrically Fused Nanographene‐Porphyrin Architectures
Authors: Oleszak Christoph , Ritterhoff Christian L. , Meyer Bernd , Jux Norbert
Published: November 2024

A strategy to combine three standalone aromatic building blocks in one coherent, fully conjugated molecule is presented. Namely, benzene, pyrene, and hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) are assembled around a central porphyrin core in an ABAC type of geometry and interconnected under oxidative Scholl conditions to achieve merging of the individual π‐systems. The three asymmetric porphyrin conjugates obtained this way exhibit intriguing absorption features, namely strongly red‐shifted and broadened spectra. The presented series of molecules demonstrates the ability to control and influence these optical properties with high precision by altering the size of the aromatic system in a controlled manner. Density functional theory calculations gave more profound insights into the electronic structure and optical transitions of the investigated fused architectures.
Beck Depression Inventory‐II Response Following Parathyroidectomy for Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses
Authors: Chitnis Om S. , Wagner Sabrina K. , Caraway J. Joseph , Watson Nora L. , Allard Rhonda J. , Orestes Michael I.
Published: November 2024

Background

There is currently a lack of consensus regarding neuropsychiatric symptoms as an indication for parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta‐analyses of pre‐ and postoperative Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) scores in patients with pHPT undergoing parathyroidectomy.

Methods

A search of the literature was performed using Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and OvidAll EBM Reviews. Studies were included if they evaluated BDI‐II scores in pHPT patients before and after parathyroidectomy.

Results

The literature search returned 1554 studies, of which nine articles met criteria for inclusion. Baseline BDI‐II scores were significantly higher in pHPT patients compared to control patients. pHPT patients experienced a statistically significant decrease in BDI‐II scores at ≤ 1 and 6 months postoperatively.

Conclusions

Based on the results of this study, a BDI‐II score ≥ 14 could potentially advocate for parathyroidectomy in patients with pHPT.
Effects of technological issues on session evaluation in metaverse counseling: The role of psychological symptoms using HLM analysis
Authors: Kang Jieun , Tsai Chin‐Chung , Lee Sang Min
Published: November 2024

The main objective of this study was to examine the role of psychological symptoms in the relationship between technological issues and session evaluation within the context of metaverse counseling. Evaluating the effectiveness of sessions within virtual counseling environments and understanding how psychological factors influence clients’ sensitivity to technological issues during these sessions seemed important. Dataset comprising 148 sessions with 25 South Korean clients and 6 counselors was used for analysis. The findings indicated that technological issues negatively influenced each session's evaluation (between session levels), but these issues did not significantly affect the overall session evaluation among clients (between‐client levels). Interestingly, clients with more severe psychological symptoms tended to be less satisfied with each counseling session when faced with more technological difficulties than clients who faced fewer psychological symptoms. The theoretical and practical implications of this study were further discussed, along with suggestions for future research.
Exploring adolescents' and stakeholders' perceptions of online and school‐based mental health provision
Authors: Bell Beth T. , Fox Laura , Salhi Louisa , Fitton Daniel
Published: November 2024

Background

Adolescents' engagement with online mental health support (e.g., apps, social media) may affect their engagement with traditional support, including in schools. However, research has typically considered engagement with online‐ and school‐based mental health support separately meaning the mesosystemic interaction between the two is overlooked. Using co‐produced exploratory qualitative methods, the present study explored adolescents' and adult stakeholders' perceptions of how and why adolescents engage with school‐based and online mental health support, the interaction between these two modalities, and the associated risks and opportunities.

Methods

A youth advisory board (n = 4; Age = 18–25) co‐created data collection methods, ethics procedures, and data analysis. For the main phase of data collection, 27 adolescents (Age M = 15.42, SD = 1.58, Range = 12–18, Girls = 73.1%, White = 84.6%) with mental health difficulties who had engaged with online support while at school were recruited from across England. Participants chose to participate in an interview (n = 10) or focus group (n = 17, 5 groups). In addition, interviews were conducted with 12 adult stakeholders who worked in fields related youth mental health.

Results

Data was analysed using template analysis resulting in four themes; (a) Support is abundant, but accessing what you need when you need it is tough, (b) Human connection is vital and can be achieved in diverse ways, (c) Striving for autonomy and control, (d) Navigating credibility and trust across contexts.

Conclusions

Different types of support met adolescents' needs in different ways, and each offered relative strengths and weaknesses. Findings highlight how adolescents value autonomy and choice when engaging with support, using multiple different sources of support in complementary and self‐directed ways to meet their needs. Several challenges were identified across settings, which could be overcome through increased collaboration. This improved collaboration has potential to improve the quality of support available to adolescents.
Tenascin C deletion impairs tendon healing and functional recovery after rotator cuff repair
Authors: Tashjian Robert Z. , Zitnay Jared , Kazmers Nikolas H. , Veerabhadraiah Shivakumar R. , Zelada Antonio C. , Honeggar Matthew , Smith Matthew C. , Chalmers Peter N. , Henninger Heath B. , Jurynec Michael J.
Published: November 2024

The biological factors that affect healing after rotator cuff repair (RCR) are not well understood. Genetic variants in the extracellular matrix protein Tenascin C (TNC) are associated with impaired tendon healing and it is expressed in rotator cuff tendon tissue after injury, suggesting it may have a role in the repair process. The purpose of the current study was to determine the role of TNC on tendon healing after RCR in a murine model. The supraspinatus tendon was transected and repaired on the left shoulder of wild‐type (WT‐RCR), Tenascin C null (Tnc−‐RCR) and Tnc heterozygous (Tnc+/−‐RCR) mice. Controls included the unoperated, contralateral shoulder of WT‐RCR, Tnc—RCR, Tnc+/−‐RCR mice and unoperated shoulders from age and genotype matched controls. We performed histologic, activity testing, bulk RNA‐seq, and biomechanical analyses. At 8‐weeks post‐RCR, Tnc− and Tnc+/− mice had severe bone and tendon defects following RCR. Tnc−‐RCR mice had reduced activity after RCR including reduced wheel rotations, wheel duration, and wheel episode average velocity compared with WT‐RCR. Loss of Tnc following RCR altered gene expression in the shoulder, including upregulation of sex hormone and WNT pathways and a downregulation of inflammation and cell cycle pathways. Tnc− mice had similar biomechanical properties after repair as WT. Further research is required to evaluate tissue specific alterations of Tnc, the interactions of Tnc and sex hormone and inflammation pathways as well as possible adjuvants to improve enthesis healing in the setting of reduced TNC function.
Serum S100A8/A9 Correlates to Surgery‐Free Interval in Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Mafla Laura M. , So Raymond J. , Abd‐Elazem Ibrahim , Collins Samuel L. , Chan‐Li Yee , Lilly Gabriela , Lina Ioan A. , Gelbard Alexander H. , Hillel Alexander T. , Motz Kevin M.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a progressive fibrotic condition of the subglottis that presents in women of northern European descent. Endoscopic dilation is a common surgical approach to management of iSGS. The surgery‐free interval, or the time between endoscopic dilation procedures is considered an indicator of disease severity. Variations in surgery‐free intervals among iSGS patients underscore the necessity for prognostic biomarkers. The objective of this study was to explore serum levels of the damage‐associated molecular pattern S100A8/A9 as a prognostic biomarker in iSGS.

Methods

Serum from 20 iSGS patients and eight healthy controls was collected and S100A8/A9 levels were quantified using an ELISA. Patient data, including demographics and surgery‐free intervals, were obtained from medical records. Serum S100A8/A9 levels were compared to surgery‐free intervals. S100A8/A9 was also assessed using gene expression and immunofluorescence in iSGS specimens.

Results

S100A8/A9 was significantly elevated (p = 0.0413) in the serum of iSGS patients compared to controls (312.75 vs. 181.49 ng/mL). Linear regression analysis revealed a correlation (p = 0.009) between S100A8/A9 levels and endoscopic surgery‐free interval. S100A8/A9 was significantly elevated (p = 0.0011) in patients with surgery‐free intervals less than 1 year (455.2 ± 60.45 ng/mL; n = 8) compared to patients with intervals over 1 year (292.5.93 ± 162.4; n = 6).

Conclusion

S100A8/A9 is increased in the serum and tissue of patients with iSGS. In this cohort of iSGS patients, serum S100A8/A9 was associated with surgery‐free intervals, potentially representing a prognostic biomarker. Further research within a larger cohort is needed to confirm these findings.

Level of Evidence

Level 3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Silicon‐Nitride‐Integrated Hybrid Optical Fibers: A New Platform for Functional Photonics
Authors: Yan Zhengyu , Xie Shangran , Wang Caoyuan , Xiong Cong , Yu Ruowei , Linghu Shuangyi , Gu Fuxing , Xu Hongtao , An Zhenhua , Wu Ming , Liu Ai‐Qun , Hua Ping , Peacock Anna C. , Xiao Limin
Published: November 2024

Hybrid optical fibers that integrate exotic materials within more traditional silica glass architectures open a route for the development of highly functional all‐fiber photonic systems. Here, a compact hybrid optical fiber platform is reported formed by depositing a silicon nitride (SiNx ‐ nitride‐rich) nanolayer onto the surface of fused‐silica microfibers via plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The SiNx thickness can be precisely tuned over a range of tens of nanometers, while maintaining an ultra‐smooth deposition surface, allowing for tunable coupling between the modes guided predominantly in the nanolayer and the fiber core. The effective indices of the hybrid modes display an anti‐crossing behavior under resonant conditions, resulting in a rich dispersion landscape that can be tailored via adjusting the SiNx thickness. By fabricating a SiNx‐silica hybrid microfiber with precise dispersion engineering and a low insertion loss, a flat supercontinuum spectrum spanning >1.5 octaves (−20 dB level) has been generated. The results demonstrate that SiNx‐silica hybrid microfibers can offer a unique combination of broadband transmission and wide tunablity of the mode properties, while still retaining the benefits of robust integration with conventional silica glass fiber networks, providing a rich playground for hybrid fiber‐based photonic systems.
Polyharmonic fields and Liouville quantum gravity measures on tori of arbitrary dimension: From discrete to continuous
Authors: Schiavo Lorenzo Dello , Herry Ronan , Kopfer Eva , Sturm Karl‐Theodor
Published: November 2024

For an arbitrary dimension , we study:

the polyharmonic Gaussian field on the discrete torus , that is the random field whose law on given by
where is the Lebesgue measure and is the discrete Laplacian;

the associated discrete Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) measure associated with it, that is, the random measure on
where is a regularity parameter.

As , we prove convergence of the fields to the polyharmonic Gaussian field on the continuous torus , as well as convergence of the random measures to the LQG measure on , for all .
The first eigenvalue of one‐dimensional elliptic operators with killing
Authors: Dai Kang , Sun Xiaobin , Wang Jian , Xie Yingchao
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we investigate the first eigenvalue for one‐dimensional elliptic operators with killing. Two‐sided approximation procedures and basic estimates of the first eigenvalue are given in both the half line and the whole line. The proofs are based on the ‐transform, Chen's dual variational formulas, and the split technique. In particular, a few examples are presented to illustrate the power of our results.
Anisole Processible n‐Type Conjugated Polymers Synthesized via C─H/C─H Oxidative Direct Arylation Polycondensation for Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Yu Zerui , Jiang Xingyu , Shi Cheng , Shi Yibo , Huang Lizhen , Han Yang , Deng Yunfeng , Geng Yanhou
Published: November 2024

The development of n‐type polymers for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) has lagged significantly behind their p‐type counterparts. Moreover, these polymers are often synthesized via Stille polycondensation. Herein, three polymers with thiazole‐flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole is synthesized as the monomer through C─H/C─H oxidative direct arylation polycondensation (Oxi‐DArP). This protocol employs unfunctionalized (C─H terminated) monomers, and the generated byproducts are environmentally benign. The electron‐deficient polymer backbone confers these polymers with LUMO energy levels below −4.20 eV, enabling all of them to exhibit n‐type behavior in OECTs. Additionally, the resulting polymers are soluble in the green solvent anisole. With an optimized alkyl spacer between oligo(ethylene glycol) side chain and conjugated backbone, the polymer gTzDPP‐C8 showed the best device performance with geometry normalized transconductance (gm,norm) up to 6.31 S cm−1 and µC* up to 23.1 F V−1 cm−1 s−1. This work has successfully proved that C─H/C─H Oxi‐DArP is a promising method for synthesizing n‐type OMIECs to fulfill high‐performance OECTs.
A Heat Sensitivity Scale for People with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Hunt Andrew P. , Pagnussat Aline Souza , Lehn Alexander , Moore Daniel , Schweitzer Daniel , Laakso E‐Liisa , Hennig Ewald , Morris Meg E. , Kerr Graham , Stewart Ian
Published: November 2024

Background

People living with Parkinson's disease (PD) commonly experience heat sensitivity—worsening symptoms and restricted daily activities in heat.

Objective

This study aimed to develop a scale of heat sensitivity for people with PD.

Methods

Through a search of the scientific literature and online forums, we developed 41 items relating to experiences of heat for people with PD to assess heat sensitivity. A panel of experts was then consulted to review the scale items critically. After two rounds of review, the scale was refined to 36 items with an overall scale content validity index of 0.89. Via an online survey, 247 people with PD responded to the items.

Results

The items were examined with exploratory factor analysis to determine the underlying factors therein. After several iterations, a simple structure was achieved with 29 items loading uniquely onto one of four factors: daily activities, sweating and exercise, heat‐related illness, and symptoms and medications. The model had acceptable to excellent fit statistics (root mean square error of approximation = 0.073 [90% confidence interval 0.067–0.081], root mean square of the residuals = 0.03, comparative fit index = 0.93, and Tucker‐Lewis index = 0.91), and each factor showed high reliability (Cronbach's α ≥0.89). Factor and total scale scores were significantly higher among those reporting sensitivity to heat and poor health status.

Conclusion

This new heat sensitivity scale for people living with PD can enable health professionals and clients to assess the severity and impact of heat sensitivity.
Use of parenteral nutrition in the management of enterocutaneous fistula
Authors: Kumpf Vanessa J. , Yeh D. Dante
Published: November 2024

Nutrition plays an integral role in the management of patients with enterocutaneous fistula (ECF), but practice guidelines are often vague because of limited evidence. As a result, clinicians must rely on expert consensus and sound nutrition principles to guide practice. The initial phase of ECF management involves recognition (eg, fistula location and quantifying output) and stabilization (eg, source control and fluid and electrolyte balance). All patients with ECF should be considered at risk of malnutrition because of malabsorption, high gastrointestinal fluid and nutrient losses, and chronic inflammation. Strict bowel rest in conjunction with parenteral nutrition (PN) is typically warranted on initial presentation, but patients can often transition to oral diet or enteral nutrition if ECF output is low (<500 ml/day) and there is good control of ECF drainage at the skin level. Patients with high‐output ECF (>500 ml/day) may require PN to meet fluid, electrolyte, and nutrient requirements to support spontaneous or surgical closure of the ECF. Because the healing process can take months, transfer from the inpatient to home setting should be considered when a patient is medically stable. Preparing for discharge home requires stabilization of fluid and electrolyte balance, achievement of glycemic control, containment of ECF output, and patient and/or caregiver training. A long‐term PN treatment plan should be developed that incorporates outpatient monitoring, determination of target weight, and desired PN end point. The purpose of this article is to review the optimal use of PN in adult patients with ECF.
Updatable Signature Scheme With Weakened Token and No‐Directional Key Update
Authors: Zhou Jiacheng , Liu Zhenhua , Wang Baocang
Published: November 2024

Updatable signature (US) resists key compromise attacks and is integral in numerous fields that require authentication. However, previous US schemes granted excessive power to update token, which cannot achieve no‐directional key update. In this paper, we improve Cini et al.'s US scheme by weakening update token. The improvement lies in changing the mode of generating an update token, from the signer alone to the signer and the server cooperatively. Specifically, they first negotiate a secret value, which is then used by the signer to generate an update token. This mode ensures that only the entity who owns the secret value can use the update token to update a signature. Furthermore, we employ indistinguishability obfuscation to minimize information leakage through update token. These advancements make the improved updatable signature scheme achieve no‐directional key update and unidirectional signature update. Finally, we present an enhanced security model, where an adversary is permitted to freely corrupt update tokens and signing keys, except the signing key at challenge epoch, and then prove the improved scheme to be unforgeable based on CDH hardness.
Newly Synthesized Citral Derivatives Serve as Novel Inhibitor in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Gao Wei , Hua Xiaoju , Liao Shengliang , Xiahou Zhikai , Yang Haikuan , Hu Lifang , Chi Yunyang
Published: November 2024

2H‐pyran compound 1 synthesized from 6‐methylpyridine‐2,4‐diol and citral, has been used for Cu‐catalyzed N‐arylation with a range of arylboric acids to obtain arylated pyranopyridine core structure derivatives (yield up to 77 %). Among them, compound 3 h exhibited a much better inhibitory effect on HepG2 liver cancer cells compared to citral, and the IC50 value was 5.3 μM following exposure with the newly synthesized derivatives (herein named 3 h for short in this paper), which was lower than that of the cisplatin (6.5 μM). Meanwhile, the cell‐cycle arrest of HepG2 cells occurred in the S phase, and the apoptosis of HepG2 cells was significantly increased with increasing drug concentration. In addition, real‐time fluorescence quantification PCR and Western blotting experiments showed that the expression of apoptotic protein BAX was increased, while the expression of anti‐apoptotic protein BCL2 was inhibited in a dose‐dependent fashion. The results of these experiments indicated that apoptosis was promoted in HepG2 cells via apoptotic signaling pathway activated by 3 h. Furthermore, 3 h effectively decreased the phosphorylation levels of PI3 K, ATK and ERK, resulting in the inhibitions of MAPK/ERK and PI3 K/ATK signaling pathways. Briefly, 3 h has been found to show inhibitory effects on the survival of HepG2 liver cancer cells and may be used as anti‐cancer drug in the future.
Toward Polymeric Room Temperature Acid Generators
Authors: Roberts Joel W. , Lanzendorf Amie N. , Aguilar‐Romero Jazmin E. , Paterson Mara L. , Jalomo Catherine A. , Morado Ephraim G. , Zimmerman Steven C.
Published: November 2024

Although a variety of acid‐generating molecules have been developed, the formation of toxic byproducts and the need for light‐activation or temperatures that may be incompatible with physiological conditions leave room for the optimization of biocompatible acid‐generators. Herein, we report 4‐hydroxybenzyl chloride derivatives that generate hydrochloric acid via hydrolysis at the benzylic position at room temperature in the absence of light. Utilizing the acetal protected 4‐hydroxybenzyl chloride scaffold, we access a myriad of compounds that generate acid at different rates.
Impact performance comparison of carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 and fast‐curing epoxy composites manufactured by resin transfer molding
Authors: Baskaran Maider , de la Calle Amaia , Harismendy Isabel , García‐Arrieta Sonia , Elizetxea Cristina , Aretxabaleta Laurentzi , Aurrekoetxea Jon
Published: November 2024

In the present paper, we manufactured carbon fiber‐reinforced polyamide‐6 composite (CF‐PA6) by resin transfer molding and compared their impact performance with an equivalent automotive grade epoxy‐matrix composite (CF‐Epoxy). Such comparison is pertinent as the new thermoplastic composite will compete with the traditional thermosetting composite, so impact characterization carried out at the same conditions is necessary for evaluating the possibilities of the new material. The energy dissipation capacity of the CF‐PA6 was 27% higher, the maximum impact‐peak load was 5% smaller, and the damage threshold was similar for both composites. Regarding residual post‐impact properties of samples damaged by a 25 J impact energy, CF‐PA6 retained 62% of its stiffness, 84% of its strength and 67% of its energy dissipation capacity. In contrast, CF‐Epoxy retained 46%, 44% and 40% respectively.

Highlights

Comparison of impact behavior between CF‐PA6 (RTM) and CF‐Epoxy (RTM).

The damage thresholds of both composites were similar (~2.5 J).

The penetration and perforation thresholds of CF‐PA6 were 48% and 27% higher.

Post‐impact residual property: CF‐PA6 retained 60% of its stiffness.
Damage simulation and experimental analysis of the repaired composite laminates with mortise‐and‐tenon‐lap joint
Authors: Wang Qian , Han Dong , Jia Caixia , Li Zhixin , Qiu Yunpeng , Yan Chao
Published: November 2024

In this paper, a mortise‐and‐tenon structural design was introduced into composite maintenance to create a new type of joint between the repair patches and the parent structure, where both the patches and the structure were carbon fiber composites. Effects of different joints, including step‐lap and mortise‐and‐tenon‐lap joints, on the bending failure of the repaired composites were simulated and then verified through experiments. Results showed that compared with the traditional step‐lap method, the mortise‐and‐tenon connection changed the direction of damage extension from a simple single path to complex multiple paths, which effectively inhibited the damage expansion and enhanced the structural damage tolerance. Therefore, the flexural strength of the repair with the new joint was improved by 19.9%. However, the mortise‐and‐tenon‐lap joint resulted in a poor moisture‐heat resistance of the repaired structure. Interestingly, although the flexural strength of the mortise‐and‐tenon repair decreased by 10.45% after the hygrothermal treatment, it was still higher than that of the step‐lap repair without hygrothermal treatment.

Highlights

A novel joint, mortise‐and‐tenon, was introduced into composite maintenance.

Damage extended along multiple paths in the new joint and was inhibited.

Flexural strength of the repair was higher than that of traditional step‐lap repair.
Discriminant analysis of occupational performance characteristics in patients with major depressive disorders and healthy individuals
Authors: Hayasaka Tomonari , Nagashima Izumi , Hoshino Miku , Teruya Koji , Matumoto Yasuyuki , Murao Masami , Maruki Taku , Watanabe Masako , Katagiri Takeshi , Imamura Yayoi , Kurihara Mariko , Oe Yuki , Takaesu Yoshikazu , Tsuboi Takashi , Watanabe Koichiro , Sakurai Hitoshi
Published: November 2024

Aim

Assessing symptoms and daily functioning in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) can be challenging, as their limited self‐monitoring abilities may result in behavior observed during structured interviews not accurately reflecting their daily lives. This study aimed to determine if specific occupational behaviors could distinguish individuals with MDD from healthy individuals.

Methods

Baseline data were collected from medical records and activity programs. Three occupational therapists conducted content analysis to assess occupational performance characteristics. Chi‐squared tests compared the prevalence of these characteristics between patients with MDD and healthy controls. Multivariable logistic regression controlled for potential confounders, with independent variables selected based on clinical relevance and sample size (p < 0.01). Discriminant analysis was used to enhance group differentiation, assessing prediction rates using area under the curve (AUC) values.

Results

A total of 69 occupational performance characteristics were identified, with 12 showing significant differences between 27 patients with MDD and 43 healthy controls. Key discriminators included “Ask questions and consult” (p < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 0.051, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.009–0.283), “Concentrate on work” (p = 0.003, OR = 0.078, 95% CI = 0.015–0.416), “Choose simple work” (p = 0.004, OR = 17.803, 95% CI = 2.446–129.597), and “Punctual” (p = 0.017, OR = 0.030, 95% CI = 0.002–0.530). Discriminant analysis using these variables yielded a Wilks' λ of 0.493 (p < 0.001), achieving an 88.6% accuracy rate. The receiver operating characteristic curve's AUC value was 0.911 (sensitivity = 95.3%, specificity = 77.8%).

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of occupational performance characteristics in tailoring treatment strategies for MDD, providing insights beyond traditional assessment methods.
Validity of Pharmaceutical Claims Data for Determining Medication Exposure in Long‐Term Care Facilities
Authors: Pearce Emma , Rogers Geraint , Carpenter Lucy , Inacio Maria C. , Caughey Gillian E. , Shoubridge Andrew , Papanicolas Lito , Sluggett Janet K.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To compare the accuracy of pharmaceutical claims with medication administration chart data for individuals in long‐term care facilities (LTCFs).

Methods

Secondary analyses of a prospective cohort study (n = 279 residents, 5 LTCFs) were conducted. Details of medications charted for regular administration at study enrollment were extracted from administration charts and coded using Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification codes. Pharmaceutical claims for government‐subsidized medications dispensed in the 0–30, 0–60, 0–90, 0–120, and 0–180 days before study enrollment were compared to medication chart data (reference standard). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) and 95% CIs were determined at the 3‐ and 7‐digit ATC levels.

Results

149 (53.4% of total) residents with both medication chart and claims data available were included. The proportion of PPVs ≥ 75% for 3‐digit ATC level medications was 89.4% and 86.1% using exposure windows of 30 and 180‐days for claims, respectively. Using a 120‐day exposure window for claims, sensitivity was highest for diabetes agents, beta‐blocking agents, calcium channel blockers, agents acting on the renin‐angiotensin system, anti‐Parkinson drugs, psychoanaleptics, and airways disease agents (all ≥ 90%) and was lowest for vitamins (1.4%, 95% CI 0–7.7) and mineral supplements (10.3%, 95% CI 2.9–24.2). Specificity was ≥ 85% for all 3‐digit level medications within each exposure window other than antibacterials and analgesics.

Conclusion

Pharmaceutical claims data has good accuracy for determining prescription medication exposure in LTCFs. Exposure windows of 90‐120‐days are generally sufficient for determining exposure although longer periods may be required for large pack sizes.
Vancomycin population pharmacokinetic models: Uncovering pharmacodynamic divergence amid clinicobiological resemblance
Authors: Gandia Peggy , Chaiben Sahira , Fabre Nicolas , Concordet Didier
Published: November 2024

Vancomycin is an antibiotic used for severe infections. To ensure microbiological efficacy, a ratio of AUC/MIC ≥400 is recommended. However, there is significant interindividual variability in its pharmacokinetic parameters, necessitating therapeutic drug monitoring to adjust dosing regimens and ensure efficacy while avoiding toxicity. Population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models enable dose personalization, but the challenge lies in the choice of the model to use among the multitude of models in the literature. We compared 18 PopPK models created from populations with the same sociodemographic and clinicobiological characteristics. Simulations were performed for a 47 years old man, weighing 70 kg, with an albumin level of 35.5 g/L, a creatinine clearance of 100 mL/min, an eGFR of 106 mL/min/1.73 m2, and receiving an intravenous infusion of 1 g × 2/day of VCM over 1 h for 48 h. Simulations of time–concentration profiles revealed differences, leading us to determine the probability of achieving microbiological efficacy (AUC/MIC ≥ 400) with each model. Depending on some models, a dose of 1 g × 2/day is required to ensure microbiological efficacy in over 90% of the population, while with the same dose other models do not exceed 10% of the population. To ensure that 90% of the patients are correctly exposed, a dose of vancomycin ranging from 0.9 g × 2/day to 2.2 g × 2/day is necessary a priori depending on the chosen model. These differences raise an issue in choosing a model for performing therapeutic drug monitoring using a PopPK model with or without Bayesian approach. Thus, it is fundamental to evaluate the impact of these differences on both efficacy/toxicity.
Community Water Fluoridation a Cost–Benefit–Risk Consideration
Authors: Osmunson Bill , Cole Griffin
Published: November 2024

For over 70 years, the addition of fluoride to public water as community water fluoridation (CWF or fluoridation) with intent to prevent dental caries continues to be controversial, and risks are seldom included in monetary evaluations. Published operational costs and benefits of fluoridation are used, whereas published and clinical experience treating dental fluorosis are utilized to estimate treatment costs of patient‐perceived dental fluorosis and lost wages from lower IQ (intelligence quotient). Published estimated caries averted, less operational costs at $8 PPPY (per person per year) were used, compensation for functional and cosmetic dental fluorosis $126 PPPY, and lower earnings from presumed harm of developmental neurotoxicity estimated at $438 PPPY. Net loss from CWF is estimated at $556 PPPY, although some individuals will have significantly more or less loss. Previous economic evaluations of fluoridation have estimated caries averted and costs of operations; however, few evaluations include the costs of treating harm. Fluoridation is not cost‐effective if the cost of harm is included. Alternatives for the prevention of dental caries should be promoted, and the cessation of fluoridation is indicated.