bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility Assessment of Symbiotic Processes Between Hydrogen and CO2 Storage in Coal Seams of Various Ranks
Authors: Jiang Chuanzhong , Liu Jishan , Elsworth Derek
Published: October 2024

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) can be symbiotically stored in coal seams, as an effective method for storing H2 to facilitate the transition from fossil-based energy systems to renewable sources and for sequestering growing amounts of captured CO2 to meet carbon neutrality goals. The key challenge in this process lies in determining the interactions between different fluid components and the interactions between fluids and coal rocks, a typical dual-porosity medium.

This research first derives governing equations to depict the flow behavior of multi-component gases in coal fracture and matrix. The effect of unconventional effective stress (UES) on reservoir deformation in the presence of multicomponent gases are also characterized by control equations. Then the UES-dependent porosity and permeability models were developed to explicitly quantify such interactions. A fully coupled numerical reservoir model was established to characterize the reservoir response when H2 and CO2 are symbiotic stored. We subsequently validate the model through experimental data on the flow of multicomponent gases in coal seams, and then use this model to simulate the cyclic operations of such a symbiotic storage process in coal seams.

The model results for cyclic injection and production of reservoirs support the symbiotic storage of H2 and CO2 in coal seams. The main conclusions are: 1. The injection of cushion CO2 increases reservoir pressure and prevent a significant amount of H2 waste; 2. Under the gas stripping effect, CO2 desorbs from the matrix and transfers into the fracture system and then mix with H2. This mixing phenomenon becomes increasingly pronounced with the progression of injection and production cycles, leading to a gradual decrease in the purity of the withdrawn H2; 3. The reservoir permeability increases during H2 injection and decreases during H2 recovery; 4. The larger the adsorption strain constant of H2, the greater the corresponding fictitious stress, resulting in smaller fluctuations in reservoir permeability during the injection and production processes; 5. Low-rank coal seams exhibit the best H2 injectivity and productivity performance, while high-rank coal seams have the highest unit storage capacity for H2 and CO2.

The results demonstrate that this model can be used to characterize the interaction between working gas and cushion gas, as well as between fluids and reservoir rocks. This research also proofs the feasibility of symbiotic storage of H2 and CO2 in coal seams.
New Understanding of Non-Uniform Extension Mechanism of Horizontal Fractures in Shallow Hypertonic Reservoirs and Research on Main Controlling Factors
Authors: Qiao Yan , Zhang Yang , Bai Jie , Shang Litao , Wei Dongya , Hu Xuhui , Ren Guangcong , Bai Haoli
Published: October 2024

The Changyuan block of Daqing oilfield in China has a shallow reservoir depth (<1000m), high permeability (>100mD), is in the late stage of development, and has a high moisture content (>95%). Currently, fracturing has now been used to reduce water content and enhance production. Microseismic monitoring indicated that the fracturing produced non-uniformly expanding horizontal fractures. Current studies provide little information on the mechanism and main controlling factors of non-uniform extension of such horizontal fractures.

In this paper, we proposed the expansion pattern index to characterize the horizontal fracture expansion, and the influence factor to characterize the influence size of each factor. Based on FracMan and other software, we investigated the mechanism of influencing horizontal fracture formation and non-uniform expansion mechanism, and then clarified the horizontal fracture expansion law and the main controlling factors through the changes of different geological factors and engineering factors.

The study results show that horizontal fractures will be formed when the horizontal maximum principal stress > horizontal minimum principal stress ≥ vertical stress in the reservoir. The extension direction of horizontal fractures will be along the direction of large fracture initiation stress difference (Fracture initiation stress difference is the difference between horizontal minimum principal stress and vertical stress). Horizontal fracture extension is mainly affected by the net pressure of construction, plugging distance, pumping scale, the fracture initiation stress difference and the non-homogeneity of the fracture initiation stress difference. The oil production after fracturing is mainly affected by the net pressure, oil saturation, pumping scale, plugging distance and formation pressure. With the increase of pumping scale, the horizontal fracture inflow capacity increases, the length-short axis ratio increases, and the cumulative oil production increases; with the increase of fracture initiation stress difference non-homogeneity, the horizontal fracture inflow capacity increases, the length-short axis ratio of fracture area increases, and the cumulative oil production increases. The microseismic monitoring results of two wells show that the horizontal fracture extension correlates well with the microseismic response, which verifies the correctness of the results of this study.

In this study, we found for the first time the law of non-uniform extension of horizontal fractures in shallow hypertonic reservoirs, which provides a reference for the design of the later block development program and the formulation of reservoir reforming process.
Enhancing Knowledge Exchange to Improve Performance in a Drilling & Well Portfolio on the Norwegian Continental Shelf
Authors: Akhmetova O. , Hansford P. A. , Labrousse S. , Tharavaj F.
Published: October 2024

This paper aims at presenting the tool and the set of methods developed to enhance knowledge exchange across dispersed drilling and well teams working for various projects on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). This solution has a low threshold for entries, and it fills the gap between isolated project knowledge and high-level corporate project management solutions. The goal is to enhance knowledge sharing to improve performance.

Four principles are followed: (1) A digital ecosystem that facilitates the knowledge exchange process is created. It includes a web application compatible with laptop and mobile usage, storage space, access and notification management, dashboards. (2) Metadata associated with entries are compatible with metadata used in other business systems. (3) Knowledge is classified along three different levels: experience, lesson learned, best practice. This enhances systematization and aggregation of insights. (4) A process supports the capture and the treatment of entries. It ensures content is reviewed, a digest is presented regularly, and value is extracted.

The platform was run with the sole involvement of project engineers for one year. This first step was aimed at populating the database, developing workflows and adjusting hardware. During the second year, the field population was involved. Work processes were formalized. As population of the database continues, a second phase has now started where value creation is the focus with two main goals: (1) Identify areas that require deeper engineering studies. (2) Facilitate an exchange of local best practices. The next step is to leverage on machine learning and natural language processing technologies. Specifically, the team is now working on how to improve the identifications of connections between contents: single entries that may appear insignificant, once connected to others, show the development of weak signals that need to be addressed. The solution proves to be working, it is stable and fully scalable. After two years, the objectives are deemed successfully achieved: experience from the ground is gathered across projects; it is treated via formal processes before being made available to all projects of the company on the NCS. Finally, while performance increased, other units expressed interest in deploying the solution. In response, the tool was recently launched at a global level to simplify and enrich knowledge sharing between integrated projects.

With this paper, we show an example of a cross-project knowledge sharing solution which builds on readily available digital tools. Its low-threshold mindset and the workflows developed enable detection and treatment of weak signals. The solution is a knowledge exchange tool tailored to the field which compliments higher-level corporate solutions with the goal of contributing to a relentless increase in performance.
The Anisotropic Horizontal Stress Estimated Using Well Logs Sonic Data in Deep Longmaxi Shales
Authors: Jia Lichun , Lu Dengyun , Xu Wen
Published: October 2024

It is necessary to understand the geomechanical characteristics of deep Longmaxi shale for safety drilling and hydraulic fracturing. The horizontal stress in shale formations estimated using the vertical transverse isotropy (VTI) model requires five independent elastic stiffness coefficients. From velocity measurements, the five elastic stiffnesses can be obtained from five velocities with three plug samples at 0°, 90°, and 45° direction. But for well-log-based methods, only three out of five stiffness coefficients (C33, C44, and C66) can be estimated from acoustic well logs. To obtain remaining two stiffnesses C11 and C13, the empirical models such as the ANNIE, modified ANNIE (M-ANNIE) models are needed in well-log-based methods. On the other hand, the Biot's poroelastic parameter also exhibits anisotropy, the vertical αv and horizontal αh, respectively, which are not equal and neither is equal to 1. In addition, the formation temperature of deep shale is higher than that of shallow shale formation, which would have an effect on the horizontal stress prediction.

Here, this paper estimates the anisotropic horizontal stress using well logs sonic data in a well of deep Longmaxi shales with consideration of poroelastic effect and temperature. Firstly, a series of ultrasonic velocity measurements and static triaxial tests are performed on core plugs of deep Longmaxi shale for obtaining correlations between the dynamic and static elastic properties. Then the well log-based as well as laboratory measurements are used to predict depth-by-depth horizontal stresses. The results show that the static stiffness coefficients are smaller than their corresponding dynamic results but the static Biot's coefficient is higher than dynamic value. And there are good linear regression correlations between above dynamic and static parameters. In the evaluation of log-based models, the ANNIE model is inapplicable here because ratio of νv/νh is not always greater than 1 while the M-ANNIE model improves the prediction of C13, which demonstrate that M-ANNIE model is applicable to shale. In the prediction of horizontal stresses, one hand the relative error significantly decreases after using static parameters, on the other hand the isotropic model underestimates the horizontal stresses compared with VTI model. The Biot's coefficient has a significant impact on predicting horizontal stresses while the effect of thermal stress on horizontal stress is extremely small. The outcomes of this work can potentially improve predictions of elastic properties and horizontal stresses for geomechanical elastic model analysis in anisotropic deep Longmaxi formation.
Bionic Surface Textured Stator for Deep/Ultra-Deep Well Oil Production Progressing Cavity Pump
Authors: Shi Bairu , Yang Qinghai , Hao Zhongxian , Wei Songbo , Fu Tao
Published: October 2024

Progressing cavity pump (PCP) are characterized by their simple structure, high transmission efficiency, and broad adaptability. They have been used in drilling and oil extraction engineering since the 1980s and have now developed into one of the most important lifting equipment in oil production [1, 2]. Currently, there are more than 11,000 ground-driven screw pump wells in China, with an average pump inspection cycle of about 700 days.

PCP is composed of a metal rotor and a rubber stator, during the operation of the PCP, there is continuous contact and friction between the rubber stator and rotor, which causes wear on the rubber stator. According to the failure statistics on the oilfield site, the wear of the stator and rotor is one of the main reasons affecting the performance and service life of screw pumps, accounting for approximately 30% of total failures. At present, there is no effective solution for the wear of the rubber stator, so it is necessary to carry out research on lubrication, wear reduction, and resistance reduction of the stator and rotor of the PCP.

In recent years, bionic surface texturing technology, as an effective means to reduce friction, wear, and improve the load-bearing capacity of the friction pair's liquid film, has attracted widespread attention from domestic and foreign tribologists. The excellent characteristics of bionic non-smooth surfaces such as detachment, wear reduction, and resistance reduction have been verified and applied in many engineering fields [3–5].
Geomechanical Risk Assessment of Injection Test for a CCS Site Appraisal, Offshore Northern Territory
Authors: Asadi Sadegh , Khaksar Abbas , White Adrian , Coelho Guil , Rahmanseresht Raed
Published: October 2024

In the context of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) site appraisal procedures, the assessment of geomechanical risks associated with injection tests is important. Assessments can calculate injection pressure thresholds and guard against formation fracturing and solids production during fall-off tests or due to unplanned shut-in occurrences.

The Bonaparte CCS project (West Peron), situated northeast of the Petrel Field, offshore Northern Territory, serves as a pertinent case. Two vertical appraisal wells are included in the appraisal work scope, complemented by an extensive data acquisition program. The primary scope of appraisal drilling is to fully characterise the storage site, focusing on confirming the storage reservoir and cap rock continuity and properties along with the assessment of matrix injectivity within the storage reservoir.

A geomechanical study has been conducted to assess the risk of formation fracturing and sanding during a water injection test. Existing well data and supplementary core testing data from the nearby Petrel Field have been used to develop a comprehensive 1D geomechanical model for the storage reservoir and cap rock formations in the area under assessment for CCS feasibility. Considering the temperature difference between the storage formation and the injection fluid, the cooling effects could lead to a reduction of almost 15% in fracture initiation pressure (FIP). Notably, the FIP for perforations aligned parallel to the azimuth of the maximum horizontal stress is lower than for those aligned parallel to the azimuth of the minimum horizontal stress. This configuration signifies that while injection pressures surpassing FIP might trigger tensile fracturing in specific perforations, fracture propagation from the wellbore remains unlikely if the injection pressure remains below the minimum horizontal stress.

The pressure requirements for current envisaged matrix injection rates fall below the estimated FIPs. Consequently, the risk of formation fracturing during the injection test is deemed low. The propensity of sanding during flowback, considering a range of rock weakening and thermal effects of water injection, is also found to be low.
Integrated Approach for Understanding Overpressure Mechanism and Dynamic Pore Pressure Calibration Using Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD)
Authors: Chatterjee A. , Ghosh A.
Published: October 2024

As more exploration prospects move to deeper, high temperature high pressured reservoirs (HPHT), accurate pore pressure prediction is crucial for well planning. In such challenging environment, understanding pore pressure generating mechanism and pore pressure prediction plays a key part, particularly when no analogues are available for calibration purposes. This paper presents methodology and best practices to attune the existing pore pressure prediction methods using dynamic pore pressure data derived from Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD).

Presented methodologies includes maintaining desired bottom hole pressure (BHP) by surface Back Pressures (SBP). This was achieved by conducting dynamic flow checks and adjusting the dynamic mud weights (MWs) based on the response of flow behavior in trip tank. The bounds of the pore pressure are further tuned based on the response from gas behavior and drilling Equivalent circulating density (ECD)- Equivalent static density (ESD) contrasts. The dynamic formation integrity tests were also conducted successfully to estimate the upper limit of the drilling operating window. The petrophysical logs and pressure data from MPD were used in understanding the overpressure generation.

The conventional pore pressure estimation methods helped in identifying the depth of overpressure depth but failed to constrain the magnitude and rate of increase of pore pressure which was close to ~17.2 ppg. Hence to re-calibrate the model, pore pressure in shales were inferred from dynamic pressure tests using MPD. This was done by regular flow checks followed by monitoring the gain/return in flow and gas trends. Accordingly, the required back pressure (~a maximum of 600-700 psi) was applied in steps from the surface to balance the well plus keeping the safety margin. The pore pressure ramped up below the hydrostatic pressure depth to more than 17 ppg within 200-300 m of depth interval. The dynamic FIT was also performed with MPD in steps with increasing back pressures to define the maximum allowable mud weights and ECD. This enables dynamic adjustments to the drilling settings in response to dynamic pore pressure measurements and dynamic formation integrity data. The pore pressure derived from MPD was used in velocity-effective stress cross plot to understand the overpressure mechanism. The analysis verified the depth of unloading surface in the overpressured zone which is consistent with 120°C temperature threshold.

Proper application of these methodologies and procedures helped in HPHT well drilling plan with minimal offset geological and petrophysics information. MPD allows reasonable accuracy of the pore pressure prediction without compromising well integrity and operational safety.
Decommissioning Using Reverse Reeling
Authors: Ripley A. , Roux A. , Young S.
Published: October 2024

With numerous offshore facilities coming to the end of their operational life cycle, operators are looking at options to extend the life of their aging assets or where no viable alternative exists, complete decommissioning of the field. Decommissioning in Australia involves the removal of all surface and subsurface infrastructure used to support the oil and gas industry and is a requirement under the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, where titleholders are responsible for the full costs and safe removal of all offshore infrastructure, (NOPSEMA, 2020).

It is estimated that over the next few decades the majority of the oil and gas fields in Australia will be decommissioned and to align with the legislative act, operators are already taking steps to understand and address the decommissioning costs, requirements and methodologies, and in some instances have already started the process of retiring and removing their facilities.

The scale of the challenge is vast, the Centre of Decommissioning Australia, (CODA, 2020) has conducted a review on behalf of a number of the Australian operators and reported that in Australia alone, 6660km of export and infield pipelines and 1500km of umbilicals, excluding spools, flexible jumpers, risers, flying leads etc. have been installed and will be required to be removed or left in-situ with the agreement of the Australian legislative body, NOPSEMA. The cost associated with the decommissioning of the offshore assets is significant with government estimates of up to $60bn AUD, (Wood Mackenzie, 2020).
A Game Changer: Initiating a Massive Movement of Permanent Magnet Motor Application for Electric Submersible Pump Design in Remote Area Operation, Sangasanga Oil Field Indonesia
Authors: Ridlah Muhammad Rasyid , Amal Panji Ikhlasul , Hidayat Teguh Rachman , Almadani Nadir Faisal , Wijaya I. Pandu , Lobanov Andrei , Maltsev A. , Minniakhmetov Nail
Published: October 2024

The application of electric submersible pumps by transforming kinetic energy into boosting pressure is widely recognized in optimizing well performance. However, it becomes challenging under remote area operations due to limited electric power supply resources. Power supply failures result in additional pump maintenance, thus shortening ESP run life and increasing operational costs eventually. This paper will introduce a solution to this challenge, i.e., innovative permanent magnet motor technology (PMM), and present successful PMM applications in the ESP system to reduce power consumption and prevent ESP failure in a mature oil field in Sangasanga, Indonesia. Permanent magnet motor (PMM) technology is designed with magnetic material and unique apparatus for in-situ re-magnetize to generate a constant rotor magnetic field, thus resulting in greater torque and maximum pump rotation and ultimately reducing the power consumption. In addition, it works under high downhole temperatures of up to 480F without de-magnetization risk. In a three-year study, ESP design with PMM technology was implemented in several oil wells. ESP performance is evaluated and compared by parameters, i.e., annual power consumption, ESP run life, and production sustainability. The parameters are presented for three different case studies which compare three production wells equipped with conventional asynchronous ESP motors (AM) and PPM motor. The campaign for PMM installation was started in 2019. Now, 40 % of ESP wells in the Sangasanga field have been equipped with PMM. With conventional AM motors, the average power consumption for ESPs is around 117,582 kWh a year. The number decreases by about 24-30% with PMM. Meanwhile, the operating cost decreases linearly accordingly. Moreover, the installation of PMM shows a promising result in securing production sustainability since it prevents unplanned shutdowns due to power shortages. As a result, the improvement has delivered an additional value of about $ 111,650 for each well annually. In addition, compared to the conventional AM motor, ESP's run life has increased from 3.5 years to 4 years by using PMM. The decrease in electricity usage also creates a domino effect on carbon emissions for better environmental sustainability.
Trend Analysis for Calibrated Active System Volume and Differential Flow Significantly Reduces False Positive Kick Alarm During Drilling
Authors: Ding Danhong , Mei Yunyi , Ge Su , Yong Fengwei , Lu Yaozhong , Ge Yunhua
Published: October 2024

Rapid kick detection is an essential part of rig safety. Identifying potential kick events in time is valuable and is an urgent and critical task for rig personnel and remote Operation Support Center(OSC) users. A new monitoring system has been developed by firstly calibrating the active system volume for pipe and cuttings displacement during drilling and then by detecting a statistically significant trend in the observed data rather than to rely solely on absolute values and threshold crossing to maximize the sensitivity whilst minimizing the number of false alarms.

More than hundreds of historical kick alarms were reviewed and the corresponding mud logging data before the events occurred were displayed in log format against time for clear identification of anomalies in three different tracks: one track for pit volume, one for flow-in and flow-out, the third hole depth, bit depth and block position. By applying an automated rule-based system, the states of rig activities are also displayed simultaneously by detection of bit movement, pump, rotation status and other elements. It is noticed that the data absolute value, data noise, and rig operations such as sudden string movements and flow transients has significant interference to the detection of kick event and that the differential flow is more sensitive early kick indicator than pit volume in most of the historical cases.

A pit volume calibrated for drill pipe and cuttings displacement during drilling and a trend analysis by applying Page-Hinkley method for monitoring both active system volumes and differential flows are established and the monitoring system is updated. The system has been tested and refined with the data flows of the historical cases in labs to maximize the sensitivity whilst minimizing the number of false alarms. A significant reduction of false positive alarms is achieved by reducing triggering of 1-2 alarms per well per week while maintaining a 100% true positive identification rate by comparing 1-2 alarms per day per well in the old system which was relied solely on absolute values and threshold crossing.

This paper summarizes the current methods for the detection of kick event, the study and the findings from replay of historical kick alarm cases, the methods of calibrating pit volume during drilling operation, the algorithms for rig state detection, and the application of early kick detection methods of differential flow and flow-back fingerprint.
Having Sexual Partners Lowers the Risk of Glaucoma-A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zhuang hua , Zhang Wu-Zhen
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Previous paper suggested that engaging in sexual activity exacerbated glaucoma symptoms. However, we challenge this viewpoint and designed this Mendelian randomization(MR) study to uncover the truth.
Methods: To investigate the causal relationship between the two, this experiment utilized single nucleotide polymorphism(SNPs) related to "lifetime number of sexual partners" (LNSP) from the United Kingdom Biobank (UKB) and SNPs associated with glaucoma from the FinnGen Database. There were a total of 63 SNPs highly correlated with LNSP at the genome-wide significant level, which were merged with glaucoma-related SNPs. After removing their palindromic sequences, MR was conducted using the TwoSample-MR R package. Additionally, tests for heterogeneity and pleiotropy were performed using R programming.
Results: In the glaucoma group, MR analysis showed: inverse variance weighted(IVW)(OR=0.758, P=0.030), MR Egger(OR=0.654,P=0.475), simple mode (OR=0.854,P=0.657), weighted median (OR=0.819, P=0.221) and weighted mode(OR=0.803,P=0.501). In the primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) group, the result showed: IVW(OR=0.897,P=0.570), MR Egger(OR=0.425, P=0.335), simple mode(OR=1.659, P=0.412), weighted median(OR=1.052, P=0.855) and weighted mode(OR=1.464,P=0.533). Heterogeneity and pleiotropy were not detected in either group. The funnel plots for both groups were relatively symmetrical.
Conclusion: We reveal the truth that having sexual partners not only does not increase the overall incidence of glaucoma but, conversely, also lowers its incidence. Therefore, glaucoma patients should pursue a fulfilling sexual life with your partners with peace of mind.
Cross-species transcriptome analysis of the subthalamic and para-subthalamic nuclei reveal mRNA patterns unique to primate and relevant to neuropsychiatry
Authors: Dumas Sylvie , Ricci Alessia , Rubino Eleonora , Rosenkilde Marie Biviano , Francois Chantal , Karachi Carine , Wallen-Mackenzie Åsa
Published: October 2024

The ventromedial subthalamic nucleus (STN) is associated with affective function via limbic brain networks. Clinical data indicate the anterior aspect of ventromedial STN as an important target in Deep brain stimulation (DBS) intervention of psychiatric disorder, including Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), for which Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are prescribed. However, far from all patients respond to either SSRIs or DBS. Despite clinical relevance, the primate STN is lacking in molecular and anatomical detail. Here, transcriptome data generated in mice was implemented in comparative analysis with macaque and human. Remarkable species differences were observed. Serotonin receptor 2c (HTR2C) mRNA was identified in a distinct ventromedial STN profile in macaque and human, non-paralleled in mouse. This included the medial tip and anteromedial STN, where HTR2C was distributed in patterns matching reports of serotonergic innervation. In primates, but not mice, a previously undescribed far-anterior STN brain area was uncovered, and the anterior, but not posterior, STN was found to border the hypothalamic para-STN. In both mice and primates, gradients of HTR2C mRNA allowed para-STN to be subdivided into core and shell domains. Dorsal to STN, para-STN was partly embedded in the Medial forebrain bundle (MFB), a DBS target in OCD and depression. Transcriptome data visualized in serial sections and 3D brain fly-through videos challenge current atlases of STN, pSTN, and MFB anatomy in mice and primates. Differential mRNA patterns in the primate, including unique HTR2C profiles, may provide openings for drug discovery and enhanced anatomical precision, and uncover neurobiological underpinnings of psychiatric disorders.
Keratinocyte-Driven Dermal Collagen Formation in the Axolotl skin
Authors: Satoh Akira , Ohashi Ayaka , Sakamoto Hirotaka , Kuroda Junpei , Kondo Yohei , Kamei Yasuhiro , Nonaka Shigenori , Furukawa Saya , Yamamoto Sakiya
Published: October 2024

Type I collagen is a major component of the dermis and is formed by dermal fibroblasts. The development of dermal collagen structures has not been fully elucidated despite the major presence and importance of the dermis. This Lack of understanding is due in part to the opacity of mammalian skin and it has been an obstacle to cosmetic and medical developments. We succeeded in revealing the process of dermal collagen formation using the highly transparent skin of the axolotl and fluorescent collagen probes. We clarified that epidermal cells, not dermal fibroblasts, primarily contribute to dermal collagen formation. Fibroblasts play a role in modifying the collagen fibers already built by keratinocytes. We confirmed that collagen production by keratinocytes is a widely conserved mechanism in other model organisms. Our findings demand the current consensus about dermal collagen formation to change and lead to innovations in cosmetology and skin medication.
Perpetrating-Suffering Intimate Violence: Self-Harm-Suicide Thoughts and Behaviors, Mental Health, and Alcohol Use among Mexican Youth during COVID-19
Authors: Chainé Silvia Morales , Bacigalupe Gonzalo , García Rebeca Robles , López-Fuentes Alma Luisa , Romero Violeta Félix
Published: October 2024

Background
The COVID-19 epidemic had a deleterious impact on mental health and substance abuse as well as an increase in several forms of violence including self-harm, and interpersonal violence, among youth from low- and middle-income countries. However, the relationship among these variables and its directionality have not been established. The study describes the trends and relationship directionality between these variables among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico.
Methods
This longitudinal cohort study comprises an evolving group of young Mexican adults: 1,390 participants aged 18 in 2021, 654 aged 19 in 2022, and 442 aged 20 in 2023. Proportions by sex—50% were matched in every cohort, and the evolution-age sample accomplishment accounted for 47% in 2022 and 32% in 2023.
Results
According to a structural equation model, which fit the data from 195 iterations with 246 parameters (X² [2,722] = 8,327.33, p < 0.001), yielding a CFI of 0.946, a TLI of 0.943, and an RMSEA of 0.029 [0.028–0.029]), perpetrating intimate violence, preceded by suffering intimate violence, combined with suffering anxiety symptoms, was associated with self-harm suicide thoughts and behaviors (ShSTB), marked distress, dysfunction, and somatization symptoms. The relationship was stronger in women and 20-year-old Mexicans. In men, this pathway was exclusively associated with ShSTB. Suffering from intimate violence has been associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms, as well as harmful alcohol use.
Conclusion
During an epidemic, prevention programs should be designed to warn about self-harm-suicide thoughts and behavior, not only to ensure the safety of the victims of intimate-personal-violence victim but also to prevent the suicidal behavior of perpetrators.
Effect of duration of ECMO application on prolonged mechanical ventilation after lung transplantation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Tian Jing , Jin Ke , Wang Song , Zhang Jingyu , Cui Lan , Xu Hongyang
Published: October 2024

Background Lung transplantation is the optimal treatment choice, while extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides cardiopulmonary support during the perioperative period of lung transplantation. Currently, there is no reported research on the ECMO withdrawal and duration of mechanical ventilation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients undergoing lung transplantation. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the impact of ECMO duration on prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) time in patients, attempting to explore the relationship between the two. Methods This study included 170 patients with IPF who underwent lung transplantation under ECMO technology. The patients were divided into normal and delayed groups based on the ECMO application time of 72 hours. A multifactor logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the independent risk factors for prolonged mechanical ventilation time (more than 3 days), and restricted cubic spline was used to investigate the relationship between ECMO application time and MV time. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was further utilized to assess the performance of ECMO application time in predicting prolonged mechanical ventilation time for patients. Results The gender and ECMO application time of patients with IPF are independent risk factors for prolonged MV time. In post-lung transplant patients, for each additional hour of ECMO application time, the risk of MV exceeding 3 days increases by 0.15 times. A restrictive cubic spline plot of ECMO application time and MV time shows a nonlinear relationship between the two groups, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.854 (95% CI 0.796–0.913, P < 0.05). Conclusion After lung transplantation, there is a nonlinear relationship between the application time of ECMO and MV time in patients with IPF. The application time of ECMO can predict well the extension of MV in patients during ICU stay. Therefore, clinicians can assess the duration of MV in patients with IPF based on the application time of ECMO, further avoiding complications related to MV.
Laparoscopic right adrenalectomy: Is it necessary to use liver retraction trocar?
Authors: Soltani Mohammad Hossein , Hassani Hamed , Jadidi Sajedeh , Narouie Behzad , Darzi Mohammad Mehdi , Jowzi Ali , Dadpour Mehdi
Published: October 2024

Background and aims:
We aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes and complications in patients who underwent right laparoscopic adrenalectomy (RLA) with or without using a liver retractor trocar.
Materials and Methods
In this cohort study, all patients who were candidates for RLA were included. One surgeon did not use a liver retractor at all while it was used by the others. All the pre-operative, peri-operative and surgical complications including hospitalization, surgical duration, Hb drop and pack cell injection, conversion to open surgery, and ICU admission were compared between the two groups.
Results
A total of 228 patients were included in this study: 60 patients in the group without liver retraction and 168 patients in the group with liver retraction. There were no differences in pre-operative data including sex (p = 0.740), history of surgery (p = 0.618), age (0.682), BMI (0.864), risk of anesthesia (p = 0.418), and tumor size (p = 0.218) between two groups. There were also no significant differences in peri-operative data and surgical complications including pack cells injection (p = 0.882), re-hospitalization (0.682), conversion of procedure to open surgery (p = 0.990), ICU admission (p = 0.782), hemoglobin drop (p = 0.662), surgical duration (p = 0.188), hospitalization duration (p = 0.062) and pathology report (0.916) between the two groups
Conclusion
According to the results of this study, the use or non-use of liver retraction in laparoscopic right adrenalectomy by an expert surgeon has no significant impact on peri-operative and post-operative outcomes and surgical complications. We do not recommend the routine use of a liver retractor trocar for this surgery, but only when the surgeon feels the need for it intraoperatively, which is rare in experienced surgeons.
The landscape of the bacteriome and mycobiome at different stages of root caries and the cross-kingdom interactions of the core species
Authors: Ji Mengzhen , Xiong Kaixin , Fu Di , Chi Yaqi , Wang Ye , Yao Lin , Yang Xueqin , Yan Yujia , Zhu Hualing , Li Yanyao , Ren Biao , Zou Ling
Published: October 2024

Background
The unbalanced oral microbiome is considered the key pathogenic agent for root caries, the most common tooth disease in elderly individuals; however, the bacteriome and mycobiome at different stages of root caries, especially from the same individual, are not clear.
Results
In this study, superficial and deep root caries plaques from thirty patients with different levels of root caries simultaneously in the oral cavity were collected, whereas sound root surface plaques from their healthy teeth served as caries-free controls. The full-length sequencing results of 16S and 18S rDNA analysis via the self-controlled method on the basis of the same patients indicated that the different stages of root caries represented different microbiota, including Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces sp. HMT448 in superficial root caries and Prevotella sp. in deep root caries. Candida albicans was the most abundant fungal species from all the plaques, while it showed strong interspecies interactions with S. mutans and Actinomyces sp. Their interactions were closely associated with the different stages of root caries. An in vitro model further confirmed that C. albicans was able to increase the growth, biofilm formation and cariogenicity of S. mutans and A. viscosus through the activation of the arginine biosynthesis pathway, indicating its key roles in the development of root caries.
Conclusion
Our study revealed the first landscape of the microbiome from different stages of root caries and indicated that targeting the interactions of core species may be a practical way to prevent and treat clinical root caries.
Multi-resistant ST 258 Klebsiella pneumoniae presenting a hypermucoviscous phenotype
Authors: Souza Alessandra Beatriz dos Santos Rondon , Pinheiro Felipe Ramos , Dávila Alberto Martín Rivera , Chagas Thiago Pavoni Gomes , Penna Bruno de Araújo , Pereira Renata Freire Alves , Aguiar-Alves Fábio
Published: October 2024

To characterize phenotypically and genotypically a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 isolated from an immunosuppressed patient treated at a University Hospital in Brazil, it was performed Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Analysis of the Ability to form Biofilm, Genome Sequencing and String Test. The sample was characterized as a non-biofilm-forming, multi-resistant and hypermucoviscous strain. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of resistance genes, virulence genes and plasmids. This is the first report of hypervirulent hypermucoviscous KPC ST258 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. KPC ST258 represents a significant global health threat due to the limited available treatment to fight these infections. This observation poses a threat to the community and hospital environments, highlighting the need for increased surveillance to detect these strains.
Multi-parametric MRI combined with radiomics for the diagnosis and grading of endometrial fibrosis
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Zhu Li , Zhu Hui , Meng Jie , Liang Huanhuan , Li Danyan , Hu Yali , Zhou Zhengyang
Published: October 2024

Background Accurate evaluation of endometrial fibrosis can help clinicians schedule individual treatment. This study aims to explore the application value of multi-parametric MRI (MP-MRI) combined with radiomics in the diagnosis and grading of endometrial fibrosis, aiming to construct models that can effectively distinguish endometrial fibrosis and compare the diagnostic performance of radiomics models established by different machine learning algorithms. Methods A total of 74 patients with severe endometrial fibrosis(SEF), 41 patients with mild to moderate fibrosis (MMEF)confirmed by hysteroscopy, and 40 healthy women of reproductive age were prospectively enrolled. All participants underwent T2 and DWI sequence scans during the periovulatory period. By freely delineating the volume of interest (VOI) of the endometrium in three subgroups, radiomic features were extracted and selected. Two feature selection methods and four machine learning classifiers were combined in pairs to establish five prediction models [model1 (T2 + ADC + clinical data), model2 (T2 + ADC), model3 (T2), model4 (ADC), and model5 (clinical data)], resulting in a total of 40 classification models. The predictive performance of all models was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), F1 score, and accuracy (ACC). Results Among the 40 classification models, the "UFS-LR" model, which combined unsupervised feature selection (UFS) with the logistic regression (LR) classifier, performed the best, with an average AUC of 0.92 on the test set. Among the five models constructed via UFS-LR, model1 exhibited the best performance, with average AUC, F1 score, and ACC values of 0.92, 0.79, and 0.81, respectively. The T2-related models had higher average AUC values than model4 and model5 did, especially in the MMEF and SEF groups. Among the optimal features selected from different models, T2-related features accounted for the largest number and had the highest weight. Conclusions Machine learning-based MP-MRI radiomics analysis exhibited excellent performance in grading endometrial fibrosis and has great potential for providing robust support for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
A retrospective cohort study of gastrografin in the management of adhesive small bowel obstruction during pregnancy
Authors: Li Qiu , Lou Huihua , Peng Rong , Zheng Xiaosong , Wang Chenwei , He Xiaojun
Published: October 2024

Adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) during pregnancy is extremely dangerous and has not been well researched. The aim of this study was to resolve the difficulties faced in the management of ASBO during pregnancy through the dual role of the diagnosis and treatment of gastrografin. All patients with ASBO during pregnancy whose medical records were retrospectively analyzed between September 2018 and September 2023 were categorized into two groups based on the type of treatment they received: conventional and gastrografin. The two groups did not differ statistically significantly in terms of demographic information, fundamental patient features, or side effects. On the other hand, the gastrografin group outperformed the convention group in terms of improving the rate of success for conservative treatment, lowering the need for surgical procedures, reducing hospital stays, lowering medical costs, and aiding in diagnosis. Gastrografin can be safely used in the pregnant population, where its efficient therapeutic efficacy and accurate diagnostic role are key to resolving the difficulties of ASBO during pregnancy.
Integrated gene expression and alternative splicing analysis in human and mouse models of Rett Syndrome
Authors: Gioiosa Silvia , Gasparini Silvia , Presutti Carlo , Rinaldi Arianna , Castrignanò Tiziana , Mannironi Cecilia
Published: October 2024

Background
Mutations of the MeCP2 gene lead to Rett syndrome (RTT), a rareX-linked developmental disease causing severe intellectual and physical disability. How the loss or defective function of MeCP2 mediates RTT is still poorly understood. MeCP2 is a global gene expression regulator, acting at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Although several transcriptomic studies have been performed in human RTT biosamples and Mecp2mutant mouse models, few genes or pathways have been consistently associated with MeCP2 mutations. Despite the known regulatory role of MeCP2 in splicing mechanisms, the contribution of alternative splicing dysregulation to RTT pathophysiology has received little attention. To gain insight into common molecular pathways that might be dysregulated in RTT, we explore and integrate publicly available RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from human RTT patients and Mecp2-mutant mouse models, processing data for gene expression and alternative splicing.
Methods
We downloaded from the Sequence Read Archive 100 samples (SRA-experiments) from 5 independent BioProjects on human Rett Syndrome patients, and 130 samples from 9 independent BioProjects on MeCP2 mutant mouse models. We performed a massive bioinformatics re-analysis of raw data, applying single, standardized pipelines for differential gene expression and alternative splicing analysis.
Results
Our comparative study across datasets indicates common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially alternatively spliced (DAS) genes shared by human or mouse datasets. We observed that genes dysregulated either in their expression or splicing are involved in two main functional categories: cell-extracellular matrix adhesion regulation and synaptic functions, the first category more significantly enriched in human datasets. A low overlap between human and mouse DEGs and DAS genes was observed.
Limitations
The main limitation of our analysis is the inclusion in the study of highly heterogeneous RNA-seq datasets, deriving from various RTT tissues and cells, and carrying different MeCP2 mutations.
Conclusions
Our massive bioinformatics study indicates for the first time a significant dysregulation of alternative splicing in human RTT datasets, suggesting the crucial contribution of altered RNA processing to the pathophysiology of Rett syndrome. Additionally, we observed that human and mouse DEGs and DAS genes converge into common functional categories related to cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and synaptic signaling.
Influenza A virus continues to circulate among children in Linyi, northern China, after the relaxation of COVID-19 control measures
Authors: Lv Tiegang , Chen Jie , Li Huafeng , Chen Xiaoyan , Zhang Na , Ma Chunling , Zhang Yanli , You Pengfei
Published: October 2024

Following the relaxation of control measures for COVID-19 in China in December 2022, there was a resurgence of influenza A among children in Linyi. This research aims to analyze the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of influenza A viruses circulating among children in Linyi from April 2022 to March 2024. Throat swab specimens were collected from children with influenza-like illness (ILI), and the types of influenza were identified. The hemagglutinin (HA) genes of influenza A viruses were amplified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and then sequenced. Subsequently, the gene characteristics and phylogenetics of these sequences were analyzed. A total of 6258 cases of influenza A were tested from 54926 children with ILI over two years, showing three epidemic waves: one in summer 2022 and two in spring and winter 2023. The epidemic waves in summer 2022 and winter 2023 were caused by influenza A(H3N2) viruses. In spring 2023, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses accounted for 77.1% and A(H3N2) viruses accounted for 22.9%, respectively. The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses belonged to clade 6B.1A.5a.2a, while the influenza A(H3N2) viruses evolved from clade 3C.2a1b.2a.1a to 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.1. Compared with the vaccine strain of the Northern Hemisphere of the current year, multiple amino acid substitutions and glycosylation sites changes were observed in the HA protein that most likely resulted in antigenic drift. The influenza A viruses have been circulating and evolving persistently in Linyi from 2022 to 2024. Continuous surveillance is essential for comprehending the dynamics of influenza in the post-COVID-19 era.