bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unit Weight and Elastic Modulus of Concrete utilizing Volcanic Stone Waste as Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Salain Alit , Ciawi Yenni , Sutapa Agung
Published: September 2023

Unit weight and elastic modulus of concrete utilizing volcanic stone waste (VSW) as coarse aggregate have been studied at 28 days of hydration. The origin of VSW was the residual of volcanic stone processing for making the handmade ornaments of traditional Balinese buildings. Three types of concrete mixture compositions were made by varying the proportion of cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate in concrete. Each mixture composition stirred using four variations of water/cement (w/c) ratio. For each variation in w/c, five cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 150 mm and a height of 300 mm were made to measure the unit weight and modulus of elasticity of concrete specimens after 28 days of hydration. The result shows that the unit weight and the elastic modulus of concrete decrease with increasing w/c at fixed proportions of cement and aggregates and increase with increasing proportion of aggregates at fixed w/c. The increase in elastic modulus with an increase in the a/c ratio for a fixed w/c ratio is more noticeable for a w/c ratio of more than 0.6. Moreover, the elastic modulus increases correspondingly with an increase in unit weight for a given a/c ratio.
Stable Distribution of Multivariate Data
Authors: Ho Dang Phuc , Vo Thi Truc Giang
Published: September 2023

The main theorem of the paper states that every stable random vector with marginal skewness parameters different from ±1 can be turned into a sub-Gaussian random vector by using an appropriately tailored transformation in multidimensional space. The theorem is used to create a formula on probability density function of stable random vector and to perform a procedure of testing the stable distribution of multivariate data. A dataset collected from the Nasdaq stock market is used to illustrate the proposed procedure.
Evaluation of the Transmission Rate, the Mortality Rate, and the Level of Endemicity Due to Visceral Leishmaniasis at Marsabit County Referral Hospital
Authors: Guyo Elias , Dr.Tum Isaac Kipkosgei  , Dr.Mathew K. Kosgei
Published: September 2023

The disease Visceral leishmaniasis is a tropical infection spread by female sandflies. This leishmaniasis affects the spleen, the liver, and bone marrow. Globally, between 0.7 million and 1 million cases of visceral leishmaniasis arise yearly. In Kenya, 4000 cases are reported yearly, while 5 million individuals are at risk of infection. If untreated, the visceral leishmaniasis death rate is more than 95%. The study aims to evaluate the mortality and the transmission rate among visceral leishmaniasis patients referred to the Marsabit County referral hospital. The study adopted a retrospective cohort design. The study used secondary data obtained from the Marsabit County referral hospital. The Susceptible, Infected, and Recovered (S.I.R) Model, was incorporated to evaluate the mortality rate, the transmission rate, and the level of endemicity. The findings revealed that the mortality rate, the transmission rate, and the level of endemicity were estimated at 13.19%, 13.67%, and 0.0141, respectively. In conclusion, the mortality rate increases as the transmission rate increase and there is a need for urgent responses from health personnel to reduce the transmission rate to reduce subsequent morbidity and mortality. The study recommended adopting the following measures; the mortality rate was 13.19%, and the prevalence of the disease was higher in males than among females which subsequently increases mortality among males therefore, there is a need to put more attention to males when creating awareness. The transmission rate was 13.67%, this rate can be reduced by reducing risk factors that are responsible for the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis. Creating awareness at the community level and seeking medication on time to reduce mortality from visceral leishmaniasis in Marsabit County.
Peningkatan Disolusi dan Stabilitas Efavirenz Menggunakan Beberapa Metode Dispersi Padat
Authors: Sutoro Meylani , Wardhana Yoga Windhu , Panatarani Camellia
Published: September 2023

Efavirenz merupakan obat terapi AIDS yang memiliki beberapa bentuk polimorf. Beberapa bentuk polimorf akan memiliki perbedaan dalam disolusi dan stabiltasnya. Dispersi padat merupakan dispersi bahan aktif farmasi kedalam pembawa yang hidrofilik, yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan disolusi dan stabilitasnya. Beberapa metode dispersi padat efavirenz pada penelitian sebelumnya yang berpotensi dalam meningkatkan kelarutan, disolusi, dan stabilitas efavirenz diantaranya hot melt extrusion, penguapan pelarut, pengeringan semprot, pengeringan beku, dan pengadukan (kneading). Diantara kelima metode dispersi padat yang dapat dirujuk diantara metode lainnya dalam meningkatkan kelarutan, disolusi, dan stabilitas adalah hot melt extrusion karena telah dilakukan uji kelarutan dan disolusi dengan peningkatan kelarutan rentang hingga 5,45 kali dan peningkatan disolusi hingga 9 kali dibandingkan efavirenz murni, serta pengujian stabilitas tetap stabil setelah dilakukan selama 1-6 bulan. Namun metode lainnya terkecuali penguapan pelarut (karena tidak meningkatkan profil disolusi meskipun stabil dalam penyimpanan 1 bulan), seperti pengeringan semprot, pengeringan beku, dan pengadukan (kneading) dapat dijadikan rujukan untuk pengembangan dispersi padat untuk meningkatkan kelarutan, disolusi, dan stabilitas efavirenz. Peningkatan stabilitas setelah penyimpanan salah satunya ditandai dengan stabil dalam bentuk amorf, stabil atau serupa dalam kelarutan, profil pelepasan dan kandungannya. Perbaikan stabilitas penyimpanan dispersi padat perlu disesuaikan antara parameter metode dispersi padat (terutama suhu dan perilaku mekanis) dengan sifat pembawa dan atau eksipien lain yang akan digunakan (seperti pelarut, plastizer dsb.).
Penilaian Risiko Kontaminasi Silang pada Area Produksi pada Salah Satu Industri Farmasi di DKI Jakarta
Authors: Damayanti Christina , Hasanah Aliya Nur
Published: September 2023

Kontaminasi silang dapat mempengaruhi mutu dan keamanan produk yang diproduksi oleh industri farmasi. Metode FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) merupakan metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai risiko terjadinya kontaminasi silang. Penilaian risiko ini dilakukan dengan tahapan identifikasi risiko, analisis risiko, dan evaluasi risiko yang menggunakan pengkategorian berdasarkan Risk Priority Number (RPN). Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dilakukan penelitian berupa penilaian risiko kontaminasi silang pada area produksi pada salah satu industri farmasi di DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini menunjukkan 38 risiko dengan kategori berdasarkan RPN yaitu rendah, sedang, tinggi, dan sangat tinggi dari keseluruhan proses produksi. Nilai RPN terendah sebesar ≤30 dan tertinggi sebesar ≥150. Berdasarkan nilai tersebut, didapatkan risiko dengan nilai RPN 30-60 (sedang), 75-100 (tinggi), dan lebih dari 150 (sangat tinggi) yang menjadi prioritas untuk menentukan tindakan pengendalian terhadap risiko yang telah teridentifikasi. Oleh karena itu, industri farmasi tersebut dapat segera menentukan dan melaksanakan tindakan pengendalian untuk mengurangi risiko keberulangan kontaminasi silang, seperti teknik pembersihan yang dimodifikasi serta pembungkusan peralatan kotor dan peralatan bersih yang tidak dilakukan. Tindakan pengendalian dapat dilakukan dengan pelatihan personil, perbaikan SOP, serta peningkatan fasilitas pembersihan sehingga mutu produk yang diproduksi tetap terjaga.
Senyawa Peningkat Penetrasi pada Sistem Penghantaran Obat Topikal Berdasarkan Lipofilisitas Senyawa Obat
Authors: Christinne Nikita , Amalia Eri
Published: September 2023

Formulasi obat merupakan faktor penting yang menentukan penghantaran obat secara optimal ke target terapi pada semua bentuk sediaan dan rute pemberiannya. Terutama pada sediaan dengan rute pemberian topikal, tidak hanya bahan aktif farmasi namun peran bahan tambahan dalam formulasi juga sangat penting. Hal ini karena obat topikal harus melewati beberapa lapisan kulit untuk mencapai aliran darah dan memberikan efek obat sehingga efikasinya bergantung pada tingkat penetrasi ke kulit. Kemajuan teknologi telah berhasil menemukan cara meningkatkan penetrasi obat baik secara kimia maupun fisika yang dapat dipilih berdasarkan tujuan terapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan informasi mengenai senyawa peningkat penetrasi, termasuk sifat dan mekanismenya yang saat ini telah digunakan untuk senyawa obat dengan lipofilisitas berbeda. Data berasal dari 56 literatur yang diperoleh melalui pencarian pada database NCBI, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, dan PubMed dengan kata kunci “penetration enhancer AND mechanism”, “penetration enhancer AND polar OR non polar”, “lipophilicity AND topical drug”, dan “penetration enhancer mechanism”. Hasil penelusuran informasi menunjukkan bahwa senyawa peningkat penetrasi polar seperti alkohol dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan penetrasi senyawa obat yang bersifat hidrofilik dengan cara mengganggu struktur lipid bilayer antar sel, yaitu dengan berinteraksi dengan gugus kepala polar dari lipid bilayer atau interkalasi. Sedangkan, senyawa peningkat penetrasi non polar seperti asam lemak, terpen, glikol, atau sulfoksida dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan penetrasi senyawa obat hidrofobik dengan cara berinteraksi dengan rantai hidrokarbon pada lipid bilayer yang mengakibatkan fluidisasi. Surfaktan dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan penetrasi senyawa obat hidrofilik dan hidrofobik dengan cara dengan mengganggu susunan keratin intraseluler.
Sistem Penghantaran Obat Limfatik: Peningkatan Bioavailabilitas Obat dengan Nanopartikel
Authors: Tsamarah Dinda Firanitha , Izzaturrahmi Ahda Salsabila , Sopyan Iyan
Published: September 2023

Sistem limfatik saat ini telah banyak digunakan sebagai jalur penghantaran obat terutama pada terapi antikanker, antivirus, dan imunologi. Jalur ini juga telah terbukti memiliki keunggulan yang dapat memberikan efek terapi yang lebih baik. Akan tetapi, sediaan farmasi untuk obat-obatan bertarget di limfatik kini termasuk pada Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) kategori II, yaitu sediaan dengan kelarutan yang rendah dan permeabilitas yang baik. Hal ini akan berdampak pada bioavailabilitas dan efektivitas suatu sediaan untuk mencapai efek terapeutiknya. Masalah ini dapat diatasi dengan formulasi nanopartikel. Artikel ini akan membahas upaya peningkatan bioavailabilitas suatu sediaan dengan nanopartikel. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur jurnal internasional yang dipublikasikan pada Pubmed dan Scopus dengan batas waktu 10 tahun terakhir. Berdasarkan hasil beberapa penelitian terkait, nanopartikel seperti liposom, solid lipid nanoparticle, SMEDDS, dan beberapa nanopartikel lainnya telah teruji dapat meningkatkan bioavailabilitas sediaan farmasi yang bertarget pada sistem limfatik dan dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut agar memberikan hasil yang lebih maksimal.
Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Penentuan Nilai SPF Ekstrak Etanol Tanaman Patikan Kebo (Euphorbia hirta L.) Dalam Sediaan Krim Tabir Surya
Authors: Sahertia Yuriga Salsya , Putri Selly Harnesa , Chaerunnisaa Anis Yohana
Published: September 2023

Patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta L.) merupakan tanaman gulma yang biasa tumbuh disekitar pekarangan rumah atau pinggir jalan. Patikan kebo mengandung senyawametabolit sekunder golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, fenolik, dan tannin. Golongan senyawaflavonoid dan fenolik berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Antioksidan dapat mencegahdampak negatif yang ditimbulkan oleh radiasi sinar UV dan memberikan perlindunganterhadap sinar UV karena memiliki ikatan rangkap terkonjugasi yang dapat beresonansiketika terkena sinar UV sehingga bersifat fotoprotektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan nilai SPF ekstrak etanol tanaman patikan kebodalam menghambat radikal bebas serta mengetahui pengaruh penambahankonsentrasi ekstrak tanaman patikan kebo terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia dan nilaiSPF dalam sediaan krim tabir surya. Pengambilan senyawa metabolit dilakukan denganekstraksi maserasi. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak tanaman patikan kebomenggunakan metode DPPH dengan kontrol positif vitamin C. Analisis data dilakukandengan metode deskriptif dan statistik menggunakan regresi linear. Berdasarkan hasilpenelitian, ekstrak etanol tanaman patikan kebo dapat menghambat radikal bebasdengan nilai IC50 sebesar 19,53 ppm yang termasuk kategori antioksidan sangat kuat.Nilai SPF ekstrak etanol patikan kebo sebesar 19,30 pada konsentrasi 300 ppm yangtermasuk kategori proteksi ultra. Formula sediaan krim tipe minyak dalam airmenghasilkan karakteristik fisikokimia yang baik dengan nilai pH sebesar 4,8, viskositas20273 cPs, daya lekat 5,4 detik, daya sebar 2,8 cm, dan nilai SPF tertinggi sebesar5,46 yang termasuk kategori proteksi sedang.
Effect of Hump Configurations of Porous Square Cavity on Free Convection Heat Transfer
Authors: Fadhil Ahmed A. , Dawood Jumaah Itimad , Mahbubul I.M. , Hasannuzaman M.
Published: September 2023

Free convection is widely used in engineering applications, including solar energy, electronic devices, nuclear energy, and heat exchangers. A computational simulation utilizing Ansys Fluent-CFD was employed to examine the natural convection heat transfer inside a square cavity filled with pure water and saturated metal foam as a porous medium (porosity ɛ =0.9). The enclosure's lower wavy wall exhibits a high temperature (Th), while the side and upper walls have a low temperature (Tc). For different Rayleigh numbers, the study examines hump configuration and the bottom wall hump number (N). The predominant design of heat transmission was improved using the circular hump design parameters of ɛ=0.9, N=4 and Tc= 25C˚ for different Ra. This resulted in significant improvements in heat transfer enhancement and energy enhancement which were enhanced by 1.13 times, for both. The authenticity research included determining the optimal design for the square enclosure. This involved estimating the effects of hump configure and number of humps for bottom wall of enclosure. These parameters have not been studied yet. The optimum case showed the highest heat transfer coefficient (h) at circular hump, N=4 and Ra = 30´103. While the standard case had N=0 and Ra = 5´103. The CFD simulation results indicate that the primary objective of the study was achieved through the optimal design, which resulted in a significant enhancement of hydrothermal performance for both heat transfer enhancement and energy enhancement 1.13 times compared to standard case.
Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel After Exposure to Elevated Temperature
Authors: Ganem Salah , Mahmood Mohammed , J. Khalifa Hutheifa
Published: September 2023

Stainless steel has been widely used in the building industry as load-bearing elements such as beams and columns. Many fire accidents in stainless steel buildings were recorded, but only a few have collapsed entirely. These buildings can be rehabilitated and the undamaged parts can be reused, which reduces the economic losses in buildings exposed to fire. The residual mechanical properties of stainless steel after the fire, are the primary determinant of the validity of the stainless steel structure. In this paper, the effect of high temperatures and the time of exposure and cooling method on the mechanical properties of S304 stainless steel was studied. The specimens were heated to 800°C and 1000°C for different heating times (30, 60,90 and 120 minutes) and cooling methods (air-cooled and water-cooled). Results showed that the post-fire yield stress was reduced by 24% and 18% after heating to 800°C for 120minutes and cooled in water and air respectively. However, heating to 1000°C showed a marginal effect on the yield stress of air-cooled specimens and a clear reduction (29%) in the water-cooled specimens. Elongation capacity increased with heating time for 1000oC specimens but decreased for 800oC specimens in both cooling methods.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Heat Transfer of a Helical Coil Heat Exchanger Utilized α-Al2 O3 nanofluid
Authors: Abdullah Mustafa S. , Hussein Adnan M.
Published: September 2023

This study focused on investigating the impact of α-Al2O3 nanoparticles on heat transfer in shell and helical coiled tube heat exchangers. The objective was to analyze the influence of various geometrical characteristics, specifically the coil pitch, on the Nusselt numbers of both sides using a combination of numerical simulations and experimental methods. The working fluid for the hot side was water. The research encompassed an examination of the friction factor for three different coils, exploring the effects of pitch spacing on heat transfer, and assessing the influence of nanoparticles on heat transfer on the inner side of the coil. The findings of the current work indicated significant improvements in heat transfer parameters when employing water-α-Al2O3 nanoparticles as the cold fluid. Comparing this heat exchanger to one without the inclusion of α-Al2O3 nanoparticles revealed a remarkable efficiency enhancement of 7.68 percent. This increase strongly suggests a notable acceleration in the rate of heat transmission within the heat exchanger. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the utilization of α-Al2O3 nanoparticles in enhancing heat transfer in shell and helical coiled tube heat exchangers. The results highlight the potential benefits of incorporating nanoparticles into such systems, leading to improved performance and more efficient heat exchange processes.
Inclination Effect of Cyclic Load Synchronous with Lateral Static Load on Pile Group in Sandy Soil
Authors: S. Gummar Amal , A. Abbas Jasim
Published: September 2023

In general Pile foundations are often subject to more than one load in nature. Two loadings, when simultaneous, cause serious problems in the bearing capacity. Therefore, the major objective of this study is to assessment the performance of piles under inclined cyclic loads simultaneous with static lateral loads in sandy soil with a relative density of 70%. A laboratory investigates were conducted to determine effect of several factors on group pile performance model (2×2), including: the ratio of spaces between piles (i.e. 3D, 5D, 7D), influence of inclination angles of cyclic loading (i.e. 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°), the cyclic load ratio (i.e. 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%) and the effect of the presence of a static lateral load on the cyclic load.  In light of the findings, the presence of the static load with the inclined lateral cyclic load has a positive effect on the deep foundations where the lateral deflection was reduced by an average of 54% for the three spaces. Also the lateral deflection at combined lateral loading decreases with increasing pile spacing, the percentages of decreases in the lateral deflection were (16%, 73%, 75% ) for spacing (3D, 5D, 7D ) respectively
Assessment of The Geotechnical Properties of Municipal Solid Waste and Its Effect on The Surrounding Soil: A Review
Authors: Shaaban Sofi Tawrez , Ismail Kakrasul Jamal , Sharif Qurtas Sherwan
Published: September 2023

Due to rapid growing of population and active lifestyle, massive amounts of municipal solid waste (MSW) are produced worldwide. The MSW can harm the environment and threaten the land if the dumping sites are not managed scientifically. The geotechnical properties of MSW are the key parameters required in the landfill operations and waste management facilities. Hence, presence of the geotechnical properties data of the waste can assist engineers in selecting possible solutions for extension of the landfill and obtaining prior background data for the evaluation and design of landfills. MSW disposal changes the geotechnical properties of soil. Also, alterations in the geotechnical properties of soils may contribute to the physical and physico-chemical interactions between soil and contaminants of the dumping sites. As leachate, which is generated by the waste, penetrates into the soil, it moves pollutants into the soil and influences the strength and stability of the soil. The main objective of this research is to summarize the most recent literature of the physical and mechanical properties of MSW, and their influence on the geotechnical properties of soil. The findings of numerous investigations on the physical and mechanical characteristics of MSW and soil influenced by MSW are presented and discussed. Depending on the reviewed research studies, it can be observed that the engineering characteristics of MSW are complicated and varied for various reasons. The waste components and degradation process can cause an increase in moisture content and unit weight, and a decrease in organic content, hydraulic conductivity and compressibility of MSW. Additionally, MSW sites significantly impact the physical and mechanical characteristics of underlain and surrounding soil and deteriorate the soil quality. Further, it was noticed that the influence of dumping on soil is reduced with depth due to less interaction between the soil and waste
Zeta Potential Optimization of Nano Chitason/SrCl2/MgO Suspension for Electrophoretic Deposition Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Jasim Rusatm Mustfa , Hasan Ahmed F. , A. Khadom Anees , B. Mahood Hameed
Published: September 2023

The stability of Electro Phoretic Deposition (EPD) suspensions containing nanoparticles relies on the impact of Zeta Potential (ZP or ). This property ensures that the nanoparticles have a consistent and stable surface charge, resulting in a uniform and stable coating. This research has been conducted as an experimental study and used the Taguchi method to design experiment optimization of the Zeta potential values, which were obtained by preparing nine suspensions. The study aimed to determine the optimal ZP value for the EPD suspension created with three materials mixed: nanochitason, Chitason/SrCl2/MgO, and a constant value of hydroxyapatite (HA) with consideration of the pH effect. After conducting an analysis, it was found that the suspension's Zeta Potential is negatively charged below a pH value of 8.22. Between 8.22 and 9.7, the ZP has a positive charge. The suspension's isoelectric point (IEP) is 8.22, with a high correlation coefficient indicating the model's reliability in predicting responses. The analysis showed that SrCl2 has the most significant impact on the suspension's ZP, followed by Chitason (CH), with MgO having the least impact. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this analysis in determining the optimum ZP value for various solutions prepared from different biomaterial particles
Efficient Routing in VANETs Using MRRP Algorithm
Authors: Almajmaie Layth Kamil , Mahmood Wisam A. , Raheem Ahmed Raad , Albawi Saad , Bayat Oguz
Published: September 2023

Designing a reliable routing protocol for Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) poses considerable challenges due to certain unique challenges inherently present in Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) topology. Some of them are needed for vehicles acting as nodes having to abide by traffic rules, uncertain inter-vehicular speed variations that may affect link stability etc. Designing a routing protocol capable of dealing with multiple limiting conditions such as long congestion periods, link failures and handoffs is a challenging task, where most of the existing multipath routing protocol shows poor performance. In this paper, the proposed Multipath Route Restoration Protocol (MRRP)is aimed at providing a robust communication channel in case of link failure between nodes. This is realized by focusing on better route maintenance for the protocol. In a wireless network, a routing protocol determines the particular ways in which routers connect. In a wireless network, as the number of hops in a wireless communication path increases, various signal factors such as interference and path loss degrade the network performance. however, sending data over a longer distance will reduce throughput. Furthermore, link stability is substantially impacted by the unpredictable movement of vehicles. Multipath routing is regarded as a potential solution to improve packet delivery and end-to-end delay in VANETs.
Design of Nanofluid-Based Spring Water/Tap Water and Nanoparticles of Fe2O3/ZnO as a Coolant for the Engines
Authors: Faisal Kaiwan Musleh , Abdullah Mohammed Badiea
Published: September 2023

In this work, an experimental system was established to measure the heat transfer characteristics, including the heat transfer coefficient, overall heat transfer, Nusselt number, and thermal conductivity. The investigation focused on spring water and tap water-based nanofluids containing Fe2O3 and ZnO nanoparticles with particle sizes of 50 nm and 70 nm, respectively. The experiments were conducted inside an automobile engine, studying the effects of varying nanoparticle volume fractions at a constant temperature. Fe2O3 and ZnO concentration in the respective based fluids was verified between 0.02 % and 0.08 % v/v and 0.01 and 0.07 %, respectively.  The spring water is not so far used in the previous studies and is much more available in Kurdistan region. Reynolds numbers of nanofluids inside the engine were considered between 1000 to 8000 in a different range as that of the literature review. Reynolds analogy for heat and momentum has been employed in this study. It was observed that the thermo-physio-mechanical properties of nanofluids increased with increase in the concentration of nanoparticles and Reynolds number. However, the friction factor decreased with increasing Reynolds number but increased with an increasing volume concentration of nanoparticles. Generally, the results showed that the enhancement of the effective heat transfer of the nanofluids reached 46%, the overall heat transfer coefficient reached 39%, thermal conductivity reached 21.35% and Nusselt number reached to 38%. at 0.08% volume fraction of Fe2O3/spring water nanofluid. Based on all previous parameters estimated, the designed nanofluids in this study could be classified as a workable nanofluid in many industry applications
A Novel Device for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kunasegar Suren , Andre Sierra , Gotz Nathalie , Siokalo Megan
Published: September 2023

Gerontechnological devices are technologies that can assist older adults to successfully and comfortably age in place, within their own homes. Xen is a new gerontechnological device created by Neuvana, a neuroscience and biotechnology company based in the United States. This small device is controlled by a mobile app and works to send electrical signals to the vagus nerve through an ear piece. Such stimulation activates the parasympathetic nervous system, thereby reducing inflammation throughout the body. As such, Xen by Neuvana may serve as a powerful new gerontechnological device that can be used by older adults to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
The Use of TENG Technology in Speed Skating
Authors: Wei Ruobing , Syed Sayf , Kimber Aurora
Published: September 2023

Through speed skating, older adults can stay physically active to help maintain physical and mental health as they age. Using TENG technology, maintaining performance and improving technique in speed skating prevents injury and boosts enjoyment for the sport.
The Effect of Different Lime Forms on Cadmium Uptake of Durum Wheat Varieties
Authors: Ete Aydemir Özlem , Akgün Mehmet , Erdem Halil , Korkmaz Kürşat , Özkutlu Faruk
Published: September 2023

Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) and its human transport with food chain is a major environmental issue worldwide. The research was based on a pot experiment conducted on fifteen durum wheat cultivars, grown on acid soil pH 5.2. The effect of application of two different lime form (lime1=CaO; Calcium oxide and lime2=CaCO3; limestone) and on shoot dry weight and shoot concentrations of cadmium (Cd). Durum wheat cultivars were grown in strongly acid soil pH 5.2 treated with control (lime0), lime1 (CaO3 g kg-1 soil), lime2 (5.36 g CaCO3) and Cd (5 and 10 mg kg-1 soil) and harvested after 62 days of growth under greenhouse conditions. Durum wheat cultivars without lime fertilization caused decrease in shoot growth, in all durum wheat cultivars and at high Cd treatment. On the other hand, application of lime to the soil resulted in an increase in dry matter yield at both Cd5 and Cd10 doses. While average shoot dry matter yield of lime0 conditions of cadmium 10 dose was 47 mg plant-1, this yield increased to 120 mg plant-1 in lime1 application and to 111 mg plant-1 in lime2 application. Shoot Cd concentrations of durum wheat varieties caused a statistically significant decrease with lime1 and lime2 applications, whereas lime0 and lime2 applications of Cd5 dose caused 46% and 30% decrease in average Cd concentrations, respectively. The results indicated that all durum wheat cultivars were more susceptible to both without lime and Cd toxicity as compared to lime treatment. Cadmium toxicity in the shoot was relieved by lime1 and lime2 treatment. The results indicate that lime protects plants from Cd toxicity in durum wheat cultivars.
Effect of Different Hormones Concentration on In vitro Regeneration of Apricot Cultivars
Authors: İpek Muzaffer , Arıkan Şeyma , Eşitken Ahmet , Aras Servet
Published: September 2023

The use of modern breeding methods along with appropriate cultivation techniques facilitates the acquisition and multiplication of varieties that possess the desired characteristics. Therefore, efforts towards the in vitro propagation of woody plants are increasing day by day. Today, plants such as Malus, Prunus, Pyrus, Ribes, Rubus, etc., can be successfully propagated in vitro. Apricot stands out as a stubborn species among Prunus types for shoot regeneration and genetic transformation. In this context, this study aims to determine how different plant growth regulators affect shoot regeneration of some native apricot varieties, which hold significant importance in apricot cultivation in our country. In the conducted study, mature cotyledons of Kabaaşı, Hacıhaliloğlu, and Hasanbey apricot varieties were used along with the culture medium consisting of MS. Different doses and ratios of plant growth regulators, including BAP and TDZ, in combination with NAA and GA3, were added to the culture media. At the end of the in vitro study, the callus and primordium formation rate (%), bud and shoot formation rate (%) and number of shoots per explant were recorded. According to the results, the variety with the highest callus formation was Kabaaşı, followed by Hasanbey and Hacıhaliloğlu. In all three varieties, the rate of callus formation decreased in media containing GA3. Regarding the stage of shoot regeneration from callus, the highest shoot formation with an average of 4 shoots per explant was observed in the Kabaaşı variety in the TDZ (1.0 mgL-1) + NAA (0.25 mgL-1) and TDZ (1.0 mgL-1) + NAA (0.50 mgL-1) media. Looking at the other varieties, the highest number of shoots, 1.6 shoots per explant, was obtained from the TDZ (2.0 mgL-1) + NAA (0.25 mgL-1) medium in Hasanbey and Hacıhaliloğlu varieties. As a result of the findings, the Kabaaşı variety showed the best result in terms of the regeneration capacity of apricot varieties. In contrast the best regeneration medium was obtained from the combinations of TDZ and NAA.
Development of Homozygous Lines by In Vivo Doubled Haploid Technique in Hybrid Maize Breeding
Authors: Cerit İbrahim , Cömertpay Gönül , Çakır Bülent , Hatipoğlu Rüştü , Özkan Hakan
Published: September 2023

The maize breeding programs focuses on the development of homozygous parental lines for hybrid breeding to obtain heterosis. The Improvement of homozygous lines in a effective time is crucial for hybrid maize breeding. Objectives of this research were to obtain homozygous lines of maize in a short time by using of in-vivo maternal haploid (DH) technique and characterizing them morphologically. The experiments were carried out at the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute(EMARI). Inducers, RWS, RWK-76 and their hybrid RWS X RWK-76 were used as male parent. As female parent, 56 F2 segregated material obtained by selfing of 66 F1 hybrids developed in maize breeding program of Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute (EMARI) and 2 F2 segregated material selected from the open pollinated plants of 9 commercial maize variety. As a result of the experiment, 29 doubled haploid lines (DH) were developed. In the developed DH lines, days to tasseling, plant height, height of first ear , ear length, ear diameter, number of kernel per ear and thousand kernel weight varied as 57-78 days, 151-248 cm, 43-112 cm, 11.20-24.50 cm, 24-45 mm, 224-537 kernels/ear, and 180-320 g, respectively. In conclusion, in-vivo maternal DH technique is a highly effective method for obtaining homozygous lines
Residential Status and Challenges of Russian-speaking Immigrants in Cheongju City
Authors:   Institute for Russian and Altaic Studies, CBNU, Kim Tae Ok
Published: September 2023

This paper specifically examines the residency status of Russian-speaking immigrants, including the ethnic Korean diaspora, living in Cheongju City. Throughout this study, it addresses several challenges related to immigrant settlement and social integration. Among foreign nationals of ethnic descent, there has been a noticeable shift in the last five years. The proportion of Chinese and American nationals among foreign compatriots has declined, while there is an increasing trend in the number of diaspora from Central Asian countries, particularly ethnic Koreans from Russia. If the foreigner-to-total population ratio exceeds 5%, it is commonly acknowledged that the country has transitioned into a multicultural society. By this standard, our society could also be described as multicultural. As of March 2023, the number of registered Russian-speaking immigrants residing in Cheongju City was recorded at 6,435. Considering the fact that around 20% of domestic foreigners are unregistered, it is estimated that there are approximately 7,700 residents with Russian-speaking backgrounds, including ethnic Koreans, in Cheongju City.
The attraction of foreign immigrant populations in the era of low birth rates and an aging society has become an inevitable reality, leading to active discussions even about the establishment of an immigration agency. For the rapidly increasing Russian-speaking immigrant community in Cheongju City, individually tailored support measures have now reached a stage of review and reevaluation. Urgent efforts are needed to establish a Task Force (TF) consisting of relevant government and private organizations, including Cheongju City Hall, Chungbuk Provincial Office, Immigration Office, Education Office, universities, and the Small and Medium Business Association. Comprehensive information gathering and extensive network-building for Russian-speaking immigrants residing in Cheongju City should also be pursued, based on collaborative research in the fields of sociology, geography, and humanities. It is essential for the culture of Cheongju City, South Korea, to mature into a harmonious and mutually beneficial coexistence with the cultures of Russian-speaking immigrants, and this requires the collective attention and endeavors of all of us.
Festival as a Diaspora Cultural Network: a Focus on the Buryat Altargana
Authors:   Institute for Russian and Altaic Studies, CBNU, Kim Hye Jin
Published: September 2023

The primary dwelling for the Buryat diaspora resides within Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia. The emergence of the Buryat diaspora can be traced back to the migration of Buryats seeking refuge from Soviet authority during the Civil War that followed the Socialist Revolution, along with the escalating political persecution during the 1930s. As stringent border controls were imposed in the 1930s, and sustained political repression targeted counter-revolutionaries and their families within the Soviet Union and the diaspora's new host countries, interactions between the Buryat diaspora and mainland Buryats remained relatively limited. The Buryat diaspora has undergone a process of assimilation within their respective countries of residence, and has long been detached from their ancestral homeland, nonetheless, it still retains certain aspects of its original traditions and customs.
Mongolia's Buryat diaspora embarked on a mission to revive the Altargana Festival from historical memory. The Altargana Festival featured Buryat folk songs and traditional sporting events, naturally fostering a sense of shared identity and encouraging its expression both within and outside the community. This festival garnered significant response and support among the Buryat diaspora, gradually extending its influence to the wider Buryat community beyond Mongolia. What sets Altargana apart is that it is not led by the compatriots in Russia or organized by the government (of Burytia), but rather initiated by a small diaspora community, ultimately evolving into an international event. Altargana, which has been restored from tradition, perhaps now more appropriately described as created, is gradually changing. Altargana goes beyond a simple festival and serves as a cultural network that connects the Buryat diaspora.
The View of Death and the Funeral Protocols of Orok in the Far East
Authors:   Institute for Russian and Altaic Studies, CBNU, Eom Soon Cheon
Published: September 2023

This paper examines the death view and customs of the orok, which belong to the three major indigenous peoples of Sakhalin Island along with the paleoasiatic nivh and tungusic evenki. The orok link life and death with the presence or absence of a soul. Life is a state in which the soul resides in the body, and death is a state in which the soul is separated from the body. The funeral protocols encompasses the entire process from death, funeral, y, and the soul transfer rites. Although shamans do not participate in funeral, do participate in the soul transfer rites. In the past, funerals for children were absolute. The size and procedure of adult funerals vary depending on the deceased's surname, age, social status, and cause of death. The funeral is gradually converted into a rites for the soul of the deceased, a rites for the middle realm between the soul of the deceased and an ancestor spirit, and a rites for an ancestor spirit. Three or four years after the funeral, the soul transfer rites is held near to the tomb, led by a shaman, to guide the soul of the deceased to the underworld. After the soul transfer rites, the souls of the deceased are completely integrated into the underworld, and after a certain period of time, they are reincarnated into their own clan. The funeral protocols of the orok are a complex ritual in which mixed and fused of various tribes of different ancestry, such as the neighboring paleoasiatic nivh, tungus nanai, ulchi, evenki, russian, chinese, etc. In addition, various layers of ideas from different eras, such as shamanism, animism, the soul view, and the cosmic view, are mixed and fused here.
Mythopoetics of Images in Olonkho "Nyurgun Bootur the Swift" by K. Orosin and P. Oyunsky
Authors: Savvinova Gul'nara Egorovna
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the mythopoetics of images in the Yakut heroic epic olonkho "Nyurgun Bootur the Impetuous" – an archaic version of the storyteller K. G. Orosin and the author's version of olonkho "Nyurgun Bootur the Impetuous" by the Yakut writer, poet P. A. Oyunsky. Comparative analysis of archaic and author's olonkho texts does not involve consideration of the volumes of olonkho, which differ greatly in the style of presentation and detail in them; there is no goal to determine the algorithm of comparative characteristics, since the texts have different chronological, historical conditions of creation.The purpose of the study is to determine the role and significance of the mythopoetics of images in the olonkho "Nyurgun Bootur the Swift" by K. G. Orosin and P. A. Oyunsky. Special attention is paid to the interpretation of traditional images in Olonkho. The scientific novelty of the presented research consists in an attempt to analyze and compare the images in the olonkho "Nyurgun Bootur the Impetuous" by K. G. Orosin and P. A. Oyunsky with the definition of their significance in the conceptual picture of the world reflecting the ethical and aesthetic representations of the people, their ethno-cultural consciousness. It is known that in the epic science of the same name olonkho K. Orosin and P. Oyunsky are assigned to the group of the central local tradition of Yakutia. At the same time, the conducted research has shown that olonkho has a complex historical origin, as evidenced by the revealed differences in the creation of mythological images-characters.
International standards of customs control regulation: modern assessment
Authors: Agamagomedova Saniyat
Published: September 2023

The subject of the study is the system of international standards regulating customs control, their impact on national legislation and law enforcement practice of customs control. The author examines the existing international treaties in the field of customs regulation, among which there are general and special acts dedicated to the regulation of customs control. Two main objectives of the development and adoption of such standards in the field of customs control are outlined: the unification and harmonization of customs control regulation and the establishment of a minimum for such regulation. Special attention is paid to the principles of customs control, which are reflected in international treaties, in particular in the Kyoto Convention. The author also assesses the impact of international customs control standards on national regulation and law enforcement in the context of increased sanctions pressure on Russia. The main conclusions based on the results of the study are the following provisions: 1.International standards of customs control regulation have a significant impact on national customs legislation, and in the context of economic integration – on the level of integration regulation of customs control. 2.The goals of developing universal standards for regulating customs control in the world are: maximum convergence of national regulation in various countries, including through the establishment of customs control principles; establishment of a minimum level of regulation of customs control. 3.International treaties on the regulation of customs control are differentiated into acts of a general nature (for example, the Kyoto Convention) and acts of a special nature (for example, the TRIPS Agreement). 4.There are three main methods of the modern customs control system in accordance with the Kyoto Convention: risk management, audit and information technology. 5.The institution of customs control under sanctions is being transformed and used by the state selectively in relation to various countries.
Some elements of the legal personality of an individual in private international law
Authors: Belozertseva Viktoriya Vladimirovna
Published: September 2023

This article is devoted to the study of the elements of the legal personality of an individual in private international law, the problems and features of conflict of laws regulation are identified and its characteristics in Russian private international law are given. The conducted research made it possible to identify a number of problems of conflict regulation, in particular, the use of different terminology in states regarding the same legal phenomenon, different understanding, interpretation and qualification of concepts. Such problems are inevitable due to the existence of different legal systems. It is possible to overcome this with the help of conflict-of-laws regulation, however, it does not solve all the issues and discrepancies that arise. The conflict of laws regulation of the legal personality of individuals differs in the following characteristic features: the legal personality of an individual is determined by his personal law; there are two rules of personal law – the law of citizenship and the law of residence, the law of citizenship is applied as a general rule, the law of residence regulates the legal personality of those persons in respect of whom it is difficult to find out with a certain degree of certainty the legal connection with the state on the basis of citizenship; when determining the procedure and grounds for limiting legal capacity recognizing a citizen as unfit or incapacitated, Russian law is applied, i.e. the legislator uses unilateral conflict of laws rules.
Choosing between human trash and trashed forests: Resilience in nonvolant Atlantic Forest small mammals
Authors: Gatto-Almeida Fernanda , Quadros Juliana , Marilia Tiepolo Liliani
Published: September 2023

Open pit rubbish dumps generate serious environmental problems both in Brazil and elsewhere. The goal of this study was to evaluate the occurrence patterns of an assemblage of small flightless mammals in the area of a landfill deactivated 19 years ago. During nine campaigns, three different sites located in a subtropical protected area near the city of Matinhos, Paraná coast, southern Brazil, were sampled. The selected places were an artificial clearing where urban waste had previously been dumped (Area 1), a site with less anthropic influence with tree species and a poorly developed understorey (Area 2), and a site with well-formed vegetation, with herbaceous, shrubby and tree strata well developed (Area 3). The total capture effort was 5210 trap-nights; 109 captures were made of 82 individuals from five species of Rodentia (all from the subfamily Sigmodontinae) and three species of marsupials (Order Didelphimorphia). The most conserved site (Area 3) had higher abundance than areas 1 and 2 (binomial test; P<0.05). Area 1, considered the most affected, showed less species richness (n=6) than the other two areas (7 and 8 species), although this may be affected by the lower number of captures. The diversity in Area 1, estimated by the Shannon index, was lower than in areas 2 and 3 (Hutcheson’s t tests; H’=1.26 for Area 1 vs. 1.76 and 1.68 for Areas 2 and 3, respectively), although the composition of the assemblage did not differ significantly between the areas (PERMANOVA; P=0.085). Our results show that even after 19 years of inactivity, the deposited waste is still having a negative impact on the environment, and highlight the resilience of some native small mammal species in exploiting the resources of degraded areas.
HT process for treatment of PET fabrics with chitosan containing recipes
Authors: Hoque Mohammad Toufiqul , Klinkhammer Kristina , Mahltig Boris
Published: September 2023

Polyester is the leading man-made fiber in the field of textiles and clothing. Polyester is usually dyed and finished using a process temperature in the range of 120 to 135 ºC. Such a process is known as a high-temperature (HT) process. The application of chitosan on cellulosic materials is an interesting approach to textile functionalization. In contrast, the application of chitosan by the HT process for the functional treatment of polyester is less investigated. With this background, the present study is related to the surface characteristics of different polyester fabrics with implemented chitosan after performing the HT process.