bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tackling the Neurological Wilson Disease with Other Spectrum of Presentations: A Case Series
Authors: Akter Benojeer , Tonmoy Mahmudunnabi , Chowdhury Mohammed Baieas , Sarker Gourabdey , Paul Nandita , Ahmed Akhlak
Published: June 2024

Wilson’s disease (WD) is an inherited autosomal recessive, potentially treatable disorder of copper metabolism that produces neurologic, psychiatric, and liver manifestations, alone or in combination. It is caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene encoding a P-type ATPase. WD has a worldwide prevalence of ~1 in 30,000, with a mutation carrier frequency of 1 in 90. About half of WD patients (especially younger) present with liver abnormalities. The remainder present with neurologic disease (with or without underlying liver abnormalities), and a small proportion have hematologic or psychiatric problems at disease onset. Pathological copper accumulation causes a range of symptoms, most commonly hepatic and a wide spectrum of neurological symptoms including tremor, dystonia, chorea, parkinsonism, dysphagia, dysarthria, gait and posture disturbances. To reduce copper overload, medications are used that improve liver function and neurological symptoms. However, in some WD patients, treatment introduction leads to neurological deterioration, and in others, neurological symptoms persist with no improvement or improvement only after several years of treatment. Based on case and series reports, current recommendations and expert opinion, WD treatment is focused mainly on drugs leading to negative copper body metabolism (chelators or zinc salts) and copper-restricted diet. Treatment of WD neurological symptoms should follow general recommendations of symptomatic treatment. Patients should be always considered individually, especially in the case of severe, disabling neurological symptoms.Here we discuss 03 cases of WD with neurological and other manifestations treated accordingly, 02 patients responded to treatment while we lost another unfortunately.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2024; Vol. 35, No. 2, Supplementation: 167
A Rare Case of Antiphospholipid Syndrome in a 28-year-old Male with Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Islam Farzana , Rasel Mohammad , Ghose Susmita , Das Sujan Kumar , Hossain Mohammad Zaid , Rouf Mostafa Kamal
Published: June 2024

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by thromboembolic events associated with antiphospholipid antibodies. While thrombosis is the most well-known pathogenic mechanism in this disorder, the relevance of some other mechanisms such as arterial stenosis is being increasingly recognized. The underlying patho-physiology of stenotic arterial vasculopathy is not fully understood but some recent studies revealed APS presenting with new insights into the molecular mechanism behind this endothelial cell activation in APS. We present a case of a 28-year-old male who presented with painful digital ischemia and generalized hyperpigmented papulo-necrotic cutaneous lesions. The presence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) antibody and skin biopsy consistent with DLE, confirmed the diagnosis of APS secondary to DLE. And the CT angiogram showed stenosis of radial and ulnar arteries and no evidence of thrombosis.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2024; Vol. 35, No. 2, Supplementation: 179-180
Sex-based differences of the gut and salivary gland indices in the Cockroach, Periplaneta americana
Authors: Venkatareddy V. , Ramamurthi R. , Venkataramanaiah P. , Raghavaiah K. , Murthy M. Sreeramachandra , Reddy V. Doraswamy , Haranath V. B. , Satyam P. , Chandrasekharam V.
Published: June 2024

Gravimetric studies on the cockroach Periplaneta americana reveal remarkably high weight and histomatic index of salivary apparatus in the female as compared to the male.
Oriental species of Xorides (Gonophonus) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Gupta V. K. , Girishchandra
Published: June 2024

A revision of the oriental species of Xorides(gonophonus) is given. X. (gonophonns) exquisitus (tosquinet) is redescribed. A new species, X.(g) karnaticus and a new subspecies, X. (g.) exqisitus ceytonicus are described.
New aphids (Homoptera, Aphididae) from the Northwest India
Authors: Chakrabarti S.
Published: June 2024

Two new species of aphids viz. Aphis Paraverbasci and Macrosiphum (Sitobion) pseudoalipecuri collected from Simla Himalayas. Northwest India are described.
Pelatihan Pemahaman Konsep Bisnis bagi Siswa Menengah Atas dengan Metode Pendekatan Partisipatif dan Tindakan
Authors: Sustaningrum Rakhdiny , Laksmidewi Dwinita , Winarno Stefano Capriati
Published: June 2024

Kewirausahaan dianggap sebagai pendorong utama pertumbuhan ekonomi, karena wirausaha memiliki jiwa inovatif, proaktif, dan keberanian mengambil risiko. Penanaman karakter berwirausaha sejak usia sekolah menjadi krusial untuk membentuk pola pikir dan niat yang kuat. Maka pengabdian dilakukan dengan metode pendekatan partisipastif dan tindakan untuk siswa   SMA, di mana siswa sering terbatas pada pemahaman jual-beli barang tanpa memahami unsur-unsur berwirausaha yang esensial. Pengabdian dilakukan melalui praktik dan diskusi interaktif, memperkenalkan karakter berwirausah, motivasi dan pengenalan elemen model bisnis kanvas. Hasilnya menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman materi berwirausaha, tercermin dari kreativitas produk yang dihasilkan oleh siswa namun masih perlunya peningkatan motivasi berwirausaha. Pengabdian ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya pendekatan berwirausaha dalam pendidikan untuk mendukung kemajuan ekonomi.
PERUBAHAN PERAN MASJID DI KOTA AMBON MASA SEBELUM DAN SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Bey Safitri ana , Rajab H. , Rahanjamtel Muhamad
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini membahas tentang peran masjid dalam pembinaan pendidikan Islam di kota Ambon yang terjadi sebelum pandemi Covid-19 dan saat terjadinya pandemi Covid-19 serta untuk mengetahui faktor penunjang dari perubahan tersebut. Tipe yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan studi komparasi. Dalam pengumpulan data penulis menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Peran masjid dalam pembinaan pendidikan Islam di kota Ambon sebelum terjadinya pandemi Covid-19 telah dilaksanakan dengan baik dalam bentuk aktivitas keagamaan dan program pembinaan sesuai dengan lokasi masjid itu berada, akan tetapi saat pandemi Covid-19 pada tahun 2020 hingga awal tahun 2021 peran masjid hanya dimaksimalkan sebisa mungkin untuk tetap menjalankan shalat lima waktu berjamaah dengan prokotol kesehatan yang ketat pada masa itu. Perubahan peran masjid dalam pembinaan pendidikan Islam terdapat pada teknis pelaksanaan dan penyelenggaraan pembinaan pendidikan Islam tersebut. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari perbedaan dan persamaan peran masjid dalam pembinaan pendidikan Islam di kota Ambon sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19. Faktor penunjang terjadinya perubahan peran masjid dalam pembinaan pendidikan Islam di kota Ambon sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19 diantaranya: adanya kebijakan, peraturan maupun fatwa dari pemerintah dan lembaga swadaya masyarakat Islam, kesadaran dan pemahaman masyarakat terhadap penularan virus Covid-19 serta resiko dan ancamannya bagi kesehatan dan keselamatan jiwa, pengawasan dan kunjungan oleh pihak gugus tugas percepatan penanganan Covid-19, dan adanya himbauan pengurus masjid serta kerja sama dengan masyarakat untuk selalu menerapkan protokol kesehatan.Kata Kunci: Peran Masjid, Pembinaan Pendidikan Islam, Pandemi Covid-19
KONTEKSTUALISASI AL-QUR’AN DAN HADIS TERHADAP PEMBARUAN HUKUM ISLAM MENURUT FAZLUR RAHMAN
Authors: Nurfatihah Amalia
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this writing is to determine Fazlur Rahman's views or understanding of the study of the contextualization of the Al-Qur'an and Hadith towards Islamic legal reform.  In this research, an in-depth analysis of the reform of Islamic law was initiated by Fazlur Rahman by contextualizing the Al-Qur'an and Hadith as basic reference sources.  So, the author uses a descriptive approach to make systematic, factual and accurate research regarding data as a step in clearly defining the approach and data collection used regarding the contextualization of the Al-Qur'an and Hadith according to Fazlur Rahman's understanding, then analyzed  to come to a conclusion.  In data collection techniques, the author uses the Library Research method.  The results of this research are a contextual interpretation of the Al-Qur'an and Hadith offered by Fazlur Rahman regarding the reform of Islamic law as a logical consequence of his views.
ETNOCSIENCE DAKWAH ORANG BASUDARA DI MALUKU
Authors: Syarifuddin Syarifuddin
Published: June 2024

This research deals with the study and ectnoteknology etnoscience preaching on indigenous peoples in the State Tulehu Central moluccas Province. The research problem is 1. how etnoscience collision and preaching etnoteknology with the construction of modern technology in the Moluccas; 2.how impact of modern technology on etnoscience and ectnoteknology preaching. This study uses a qualitative method. The collection technique using Focus Group dicussion and in-depth interviews on traditional leaders, and community. This study found that etnoscience and etnoteknology indigenous preaching in Tulehu very important role to provide imagery of religious social resilience to offset garbage information produced by the mass media. Etnoscience and etnoteknology preaching can prevent waste circulation of negative information that could potentially disturb the minds of people in religious teaching, understanding, and faith. Etnoscience traditions and communities in the State etnotechnology Tulehu Patawala Maluku Province (Calling People Family); system deployment or social construction at the family level by using language etno- communication. Pasaware (customary homage) is usually done in the mosque for holy days of Islam. Tabaos The statutes; Tabaos commandment serves as a medium for the publication of the social construction of the messages king was resolved in Baileo (traditional house). Through etnoscience and etnoteknology tradition to maintain, nurture, culture etno-communication as social the power tradition in Maluku. The higher the communication process etnoscience and etnoteknologi preaching in a society increasingly lower production of waste and garbage industry thinking.
TRADISI ALE RASA BETA RASA SEBAGAI PERAWAT KERUKUNAN UMAT BERAGAMA DI INDONESIA TIMUR
Authors: Muslim Abu Abu
Published: June 2024

Study of the Ale Rasa Beta Rasa, made by combining descriptive approach qualitative research-based reading of the phenomenon-a phenomenon that occurs in people with a review of documents that depicted in the news and social media, is a form of 'invitation' top scientific inspiration of local wisdom that develops in a the public system to the next can be 'used' to create and care for religious harmony, especially in Eastern Indonesia. This study saw that the real Ale Rasa Beta Rasa, is a symbolization nurse harmony if dijewantahkan is positive is the embodiment of the values of local unifying social is also found in some areas in eastern Indonesia, although in the form and articulation of different, but the spirit and the same meaning, ie, as the momentum of prevention of all forms of 'invitation' negative developed in the community, and turn it into a 'taste' the humanity and justice, in the embodiment of the spirit of harmony.
RELIGIUSITAS DALAM RITUAL AROHA DI PELAUW
Authors: Rumahuru Yance Z.
Published: June 2024

This article aims to explain in a ritualistic religiosity Aroha, a typical ritual Muslim community in the State Hatuhaha Pelauw Haruku Island District of Central Maluku district to honor the Prophet Muhammad, Islam ancestors and broadcasters. It is assumed that there is an attitude in the ritual religiosity into a wealth of traditions and diversity of religious practices of Islam in Indonesia. This paper is built from the author's observation on the implementation of ritual Aroha in 2011 and interviews with several informants in Pelauw State. Analysis of the implementation of these rituals using interpretation models developed by Clifford Geertz. Encountered that first, the implementation of Aroha is a moment to evaluate the behavior of any person or citizens of the country or the people, and fix it in everyday life, which in this study is understood as part of the local community religiosity. Second, Aroha becomes effective in order to understand the dialectic of tradition and religion, as in the implementation of Aroha each person carrying out the teaching of religion and custom together, and make the values Aroha as a guide in building individual and group life. In this regard Aroha has the meaning "purification" or "born again", and can be also related with the tradition of forgiveness or atonement in religious practices in general.
COVER AND TABLE OF CONTENT
Authors: Table of Content Cover and
Published: June 2024

Matematika dan Pembelajaran
MATHEMATICS LEARNING ASSESSMENT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC (A CASE STUDY OF MIDDLE SCHOOL TEACHERS IN WEST SULAWESI PROVINCE)
Authors: Hakim Fauziah , Amanda Dila , Nurfadilah Nurfadilah , Fitriani Fitriani
Published: June 2024

This qualitative research aimed to describe the efforts and obstacles of teachers in carrying out mathematics learning assessments during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research data were obtained from unstructured interviews with 10 middle school mathematics teachers spread across 4 districts in West Sulawesi Province. The results showed some of the efforts made by the teacher in conducting assessments, namely (1) for the cognitive domain, the teachers used several types of platforms, asked students to come to school by implementing health protocols, and used essay test form, (2) for the psychomotor domain, the teachers paid attention to students’ opinions/ comments during online learning and used performance task, and (3) for the affective domain it was done by observing students’ discipline both in collecting assignments and taking part in online learning. The obstacles faced include not all students submitting assignments and exams due to internet network problems and the emergence of teacher doubts about the originality of student work results. For psychomotor and affective assessments, teachers were very constrained because the majority of teachers only use non-video-based applications, while for psychomotor and affective assessments are usually carried out by observation.
CHARACTERISTICS REPRESENTATION OF EQUATION MATHEMATICS PROBLEMS SOLVING IN STUDENTS
Authors: Netti Syukma , Mastuti Ajeng Gelora
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan karakteristik representatif persamaan pada siswa kelas VII dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika. Subjek penelitian adalah 4 orang siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 14 Padang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metoda penelitian kualitatif. Data kemampuan representatif matematis siswa diperoleh dengan meminta siswa mengerjakan satu buah soal matematika. Hasil kerja siswa dianalisis dengan memperhatikan teorema dan algoritma yang dituliskan siswa dan dengan dukungan data hasil wawancara. Wawancara dilakukan mengonfirmasi hasil kerja siswa. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini tidak ada representasi persamaan siswa yang benar dan terdapat dua bentuk karakteristik representasi persamaan siswa, yaitu benar dan tidak sesuai dan tidak benar tidak sesuai.

Kata kunci: Representasi matematis, masalah matematika, Bilangan bulat
HUBUNGAN ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS DENGAN KINERJA DOKTER RSUP Dr. TADJUDDIN CHALID
Authors: Andi Niartiningsih  , Munsir Noviani , Nurul Hidayah Nur  , Mene Paradilla  , Nurfitriani  , Muhammad Takwa
Published: June 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan organizational factors dengan kinerja dokter RSUP Dr. Tadjuddin Chalid. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan studi observasional dengan desain cross sectional study. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan Organizational Factors dengan kinerja dokter dengan hasil uji statistik diperoleh nilai p = 0,000, karena nilai p<α = 0,000 < 0,05. Disarankan kepada pihak manajemen rumah sakit agar meningkatkan dengan mengadakan general briefing secara rutin, kepala ruangan atau instalasi mengembangkan hubungan antar karyawan, lebih menanggapi dan memberi dukungan terhadap bawahannya agar terciptanya hubungan yang baik antara atasan dan bawahan.
Generalized Focal Loss WheatNet (GFLWheatNet): Accurate Application of a Wheat Ear Detection Model in Field Yield Prediction
Authors: Guan Yujie , Pan Jiaqi , Fan Qingqi , Yang Liangliang , Xu Li , Jia Weikuan
Published: June 2024

Wheat ear counting is crucial for calculating wheat phenotypic parameters and scientifically managing fields, which is essential for estimating wheat field yield. In wheat fields, detecting wheat ears can be challenging due to factors such as changes in illumination, wheat ear growth posture, and the appearance color of wheat ears. To improve the accuracy and efficiency of wheat ear detection and meet the demands of intelligent yield estimation, this study proposes an efficient model, Generalized Focal Loss WheatNet (GFLWheatNet), for wheat ear detection. This model precisely counts small, dense, and overlapping wheat ears. Firstly, in the feature extraction stage, we discarded the C4 feature layer of the ResNet50 and added the Convolutional block attention module (CBAM) to this location. This step maintains strong feature extraction capabilities while reducing redundant feature information. Secondly, in the reinforcement layer, we designed a skip connection module to replace the multi-scale feature fusion network, expanding the receptive field to adapt to various scales of wheat ears. Thirdly, leveraging the concept of distribution-guided localization, we constructed a detection head network to address the challenge of low accuracy in detecting dense and overlapping targets. Validation on the publicly available Global Wheat Head Detection dataset (GWHD-2021) demonstrates that GFLWheatNet achieves detection accuracies of 43.3% and 93.7% in terms of mean Average Precision (mAP) and AP50 (Intersection over Union (IOU) = 0.5), respectively. Compared to other models, it exhibits strong performance in terms of detection accuracy and efficiency. This model can serve as a reference for intelligent wheat ear counting during wheat yield estimation and provide theoretical insights for the detection of ears in other grain crops.
Evaluating the Clinical Relevance of Antibodies against Non-Human Leukocyte Antigen in Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Bhutani Shiv , Harris Shelley , Carr Michelle , Russell-Lowe Marcus , Worthington Judith , Wu Henry H. L. , Chinnadurai Rajkumar , Poulton Kay
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Kidney transplantation is the preferred modality of kidney replacement therapy for eligible patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), given that it has been found to reduce mortality rates, improve quality of life, and is cost-effective compared to dialysis. Recent advancements in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing and donor-specific antibody (DSA) detection have helped to reduce the risk of rejection, but antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) can still occur without DSA. Previous studies suggest that rejection can be attributed to antibodies against Non-Human Leucocyte Antigens (non-HLAs). We aimed to acquire further understanding of the prevalence and distribution of non-HLA antibodies in our local population and attempt to correlate these findings with graft outcomes, as well as assess whether non-HLA antibodies can be utilized to determine graft impairment and dysfunction. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study involving kidney transplant recipients between January 2010 and December 2020. All included individuals were aged over 18 and underwent kidney-alone transplants; were ABO- and HLA-compatible; and were matched at A, B, and DR loci (mismatch 0:0:0). HLA testing was negative at the time of transplantation. The samples from both cases of early graft rejection and the control group were tested for non-HLA antibodies using One Lambda LABScreenTM, Autoantibody kit groups 1, 2, and 3, as well as the Immucor LIFECODES non-HLA autoantibody assay. Results: A total of 850 kidney transplant recipients were included, in which 12 patients experienced early graft rejection within the first month post transplant and 18 patients who did not experience graft rejection were selected as study controls. Our study reported no correlation between the total burden of non-HLA antibodies and early rejection, most likely as the result of a small sample size. Nevertheless, a sub-analysis revealed that specific high-frequency pre-transplant non-HLA antibodies such as GSTT, CXCL11, CXCL10, and HNR, detected by LIFECODES, were associated with rejection (Fisher’s exact test with Bonferroni correction, p < 0.001). Most pre-transplant non-HLA antibody levels were reduced after transplantation, which was attributed to immunosuppression. Conclusion: The ‘high frequency’ non-HLA antibodies displayed an association with graft rejection, though the overall associations between the burden of non-HLA antibodies and rejection episodes remain inconclusive. Further work is needed to establish the rebound phenomenon of non-HLA antibodies, the development of de novo non-HLA antibodies in the long run, and their implications on graft survival.
GSH and Ferroptosis: Side-by-Side Partners in the Fight against Tumors
Authors: Jiang Yulang , Glandorff Christian , Sun Mingyu
Published: June 2024

Glutathione (GSH), a prominent antioxidant in organisms, exhibits diverse biological functions and is crucial in safeguarding cells against oxidative harm and upholding a stable redox milieu. The metabolism of GSH is implicated in numerous diseases, particularly in the progression of malignant tumors. Consequently, therapeutic strategies targeting the regulation of GSH synthesis and metabolism to modulate GSH levels represent a promising avenue for future research. This study aimed to elucidate the intricate relationship between GSH metabolism and ferroptosis, highlighting how modulation of GSH metabolism can impact cellular susceptibility to ferroptosis and consequently influence the development of tumors and other diseases. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the physiological functions of GSH, including its structural characteristics, physicochemical properties, sources, and metabolic pathways, as well as investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying GSH regulation of ferroptosis and potential therapeutic interventions. Unraveling the biological role of GSH holds promise for individuals afflicted with tumors.
Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Unbalanced Samples Using Optimized Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Huo Yan , Guan Diyuan , Dong Lingyan
Published: June 2024

The increasing range of faults encountered by mechanical systems has brought great challenges for conducting intelligent fault diagnosis based on insufficient samples, in recent years. To tackle the issue of unbalanced samples, an improved methodology based on a generative adversarial network that uses sample generation and classification is proposed. First, 1D vibration signals are transformed into 2D images considering the features of the vibrating signals. Next, the optimized generation adversarial network is constructed for adversarial training to synthesize diverse fake 2D images according to actual sample characteristics with the generative model as a generator and the discriminative model as a discriminator. Our model uses an attenuated learning rate with a cross-iteration batch normalization layer to enhance the validity of the generator. Last, the discriminative model as a classifier is used to identify the fault states. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed strategy efficiently improves fault identification accuracy in the two cases of sample imbalance.
Effect of Near Ultraviolet Radiation on Varroa Destructor Using Digital Holographic Interferometry
Authors: Silva-Acosta José Luis , Saucedo-Anaya Tonatiuh , Mendoza-Santoyo Fernando , Hernández-Montes María Del Socorro , Guerrero-Mendez Carlos , Gaytán-Saldaña Daniel , Saucedo-Orozco Bruno
Published: June 2024

The incessant threat posed by the Varroa destructor mite to bee colonies has spurred extensive research into control strategies. One of these strategies involves ultraviolet radiation, aiming to harness the damaging effects that this type of radiation induces in arthropods. This study focuses on investigating the potential influence of near ultraviolet (UVA) radiation on the surface damage incurred by Varroa destructor. To address this inquiry, multiple specimens were continuously irradiated with UVA while digital holograms were recorded. To assess surface damage, these holographic records were processed and analyzed. It was found that exposure to radiation induces subtle swelling, around a few tenths of micrometers, which is more pronounced around the anal shield and genital shield of the mite. These alterations could impact the health and viability of this parasitic mite. This is the first time that the measurement and quantification of this superficial damage is reported, contributing to the understanding of the impact of UVA irradiation on the external structure of the mite.
Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine with a Variable Injection Rate
Authors: Chen Jun , Shi Guanyu , Wu Jinzhe , Cao Chenghao , Zhou Lei , Xu Wu , Wang Sheng , Li Xiaofeng
Published: June 2024

Diesel engine combustion is dependent mainly on the fuel injection characteristics, particularly the injection pressure and rate, which directly affect the engine efficiency and emissions. Herein, an electrically controlled supercharger is added to a traditional high-pressure common rail system to form an ultrahigh-pressure common rail system. Then, the variations in the spray, combustion, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine with a variable fuel injection rate are analyzed. Moreover, a simulation model for a diesel engine combustion chamber is built and verified by experimental results for numerical analysis. The results reveal that the injection rate can be flexibly adjusted via regulation when the solenoid valves are opened on the electrically controlled supercharger. Specifically, (1) the boot-shaped injection rate has greater potential than the traditional rectangular injection rate in terms of combustion and emission; (2) the main injection advance angle at the boot-shaped injection rate can be properly increased to improve combustion; and (3) the pilot injection quantity and advance angle are strongly coupled with the boot-shaped injection rate, potentially enhancing the mixing efficiency of fuel and air in the cylinder to achieve favorable emission results. This paper provides good guidance for the reliable design and optimization of noble-metal-based diesel engines.
Research on Longitudinal Thermoelastic Waves in an Orthotropic Anisotropic Hollow Cylinder Based on the Thermoelastic Theory of Green–Naghdi
Authors: Zhou Jinjie , Zhang Xingwang , Zheng Yang , Shen Xingquan , Li Yuanxin
Published: June 2024

At present, many high-temperature pipelines need to carry out non-stop detection under high-temperature conditions, and an ultrasonic guided wave is undoubtedly one of the solutions with the highest potential to solve the problem. However, there is a lack of research on the propagation characteristics of longitudinal guided wave modes in high-temperature pipelines. Based on the Green–Naghdi (GN) generalized thermoelastic theory, a theoretical model of thermoelastic guided waves in an orthotropic hollow cylinder with a temperature field is established by using the Legendre polynomial series expansion method. Firstly, based on the GN thermoelastic theory, the coupling equations expressed by displacement and temperature are established by introducing the rectangular window function. The curves of dispersion, displacement, and temperature of the guided wave are numerically solved by using this equation. Subsequently, the influence of the diameter-to-thickness ratio on the dispersion of the longitudinal thermoelastic guided wave is analyzed at the same temperature. Finally, the effect of temperature field variation on the phase velocity dispersion is discussed, which provides a theoretical basis for the study of the dispersion characteristics of hollow cylindrical pipes containing temperature fields.
Synthesis and Characterization of Iron-Based Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Valorization
Authors: Bakratsa Alexandra , Zacharopoulou Vasiliki , Karagiannakis George , Zaspalis Vasileios , Kastrinaki Georgia
Published: June 2024

The extensive release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere is associated with the detrimental impacts of the global environmental crisis. Consequently, the valorization of CO2 from industrial processes holds great significance. Transforming CO2 into high added-value products (e.g., CH4, C1-C3 deoxygenated products) has attracted considerable attention. This is feasible through the reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reactions; CO is initially formed and then hydrogenated, resulting in the production of hydrocarbons. Iron-based materials have a remarkable ability to catalyze both RWGS and FTS reactions, enhancing the olefinic nature of the resulting products. Within this context, iron-based nanoparticles, unsupported and supported on zeolite, were synthesized and physico-chemically evaluated, applying multiple techniques (e.g., BET, XRD, FT-IR, Raman, SEM/TEM, DLS, NH3-TPD, CO2-TPD). Preliminary experiments show the potential for the production of C2+ deoxygenated products. Among the tested samples, supported Fe3O4 and Na-Fe3O4 (A) nanoparticles on HZSM-5 are the most promising for promoting CO2 valorization into products with more than two carbon atoms. Results demonstrate that product distribution is highly affected by the presence of acid sites, as low-medium acid sites and medium acidity values enable the formation of C2+ hydrocarbons.
Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Osteoarthritis Require Integrative Understanding and Management
Authors: Mocanu Veronica , Timofte Daniel Vasile , Zară-Dănceanu Camelia-Mihaela , Labusca Luminita
Published: June 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive chronic disease affecting the articular joints, leading to pain and disability. Unlike traditional views that primarily link OA to aging, recent understanding portrays it as a multifactorial degenerative disease of the entire joint. Emerging research highlights metabolic and immune dysregulation in OA pathogenesis, emphasizing the roles of obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in altering joint homeostasis. Recent studies have increasingly focused on the complex role of white adipose tissue (WAT) in OA. WAT not only serves metabolic functions but also plays a critical role in systemic inflammation through the release of various adipokines. These adipokines, including leptin and adiponectin, have been implicated in exacerbating cartilage erosion and promoting inflammatory pathways within joint tissues. The overlapping global crises of obesity and metabolic syndrome have significantly impacted joint health. Obesity, now understood to contribute to mechanical joint overload and metabolic dysregulation, heightens the risk of developing OA, particularly in the knee. Metabolic syndrome compounds these risks by inducing chronic inflammation and altering macrophage activity within the joints. The multifaceted effects of obesity and metabolic syndrome extend beyond simple joint loading. These conditions disrupt normal joint function by modifying tissue composition, promoting inflammatory macrophage polarization, and impairing chondrocyte metabolism. These changes contribute to OA progression, highlighting the need for targeted therapeutic strategies that address both the mechanical and biochemical aspects of the disease. Recent advances in understanding the molecular pathways involved in OA suggest potential therapeutic targets. Interventions that modulate macrophage polarization, improve chondrocyte function, or normalize adipokine levels could serve as preventative or disease-modifying therapies. Exploring the role of diet, exercise, and pharmacological interventions in modulating these pathways offers promising avenues for reducing the burden of OA. Furthermore, such methods could prove cost-effective, avoiding the increase in access to healthcare.
Feasibility of Predicting Surgical Duration in Endometriosis Using Numerical Multi-Scoring System of Endometriosis (NMS-E)
Authors: Ichikawa Masao , Shiraishi Tatsunori , Okuda Naofumi , Matsuda Shigeru , Nakao Kimihiko , Kaseki Hanako , Ichikawa Go , Akira Shigeo , Toyoshima Masafumi , Kuwabara Yoshimitu , Suzuki Shunji
Published: June 2024

Background: Endometriosis is a multifaceted gynecological condition that poses diagnostic challenges and affects a significant number of women worldwide, leading to pain, infertility, and a reduction in patient quality of life (QoL). Traditional diagnostic methods, such as the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (r-ASRM) classification, have limitations, particularly in preoperative settings. The Numerical Multi-Scoring System of Endometriosis (NMS-E) has been proposed to address these shortcomings by providing a comprehensive preoperative diagnostic tool that integrates findings from pelvic examinations and transvaginal ultrasonography. Methods: This retrospective study aims to validate the effectiveness of the NMS-E in predicting surgical outcomes and correlating with the severity of endometriosis. Data from 111 patients at Nippon Medical School Hospital were analyzed to determine the correlation between NMS-E scores, including E-score—a severity indicator—traditional scoring systems, surgical duration, blood loss, and clinical symptoms. This study also examined the need to refine parameters for deep endometriosis within the NMS-E to enhance its predictive accuracy for disease severity. Results: The mean age of the patient cohort was 35.1 years, with the majority experiencing symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and chronic pelvic pain. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the NMS-E’s E-score and the severity of endometriosis, particularly in predicting surgical duration (Spearman correlation coefficient: 0.724, p < 0.01) and blood loss (coefficient: 0.400, p < 0.01). The NMS-E E-score also correlated strongly with the r-ASRM scores (coefficient: 0.758, p < 0.01), exhibiting a slightly more excellent predictive value for surgical duration than the r-ASRM scores alone. Refinements in the methodology for scoring endometriotic nodules in uterine conditions improved the predictive accuracy for surgical duration (coefficient: 0.752, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the NMS-E represents a valuable preoperative diagnostic tool for endometriosis, effectively correlating with the disease’s severity and surgical outcomes. Incorporating the NMS-E into clinical practice could significantly enhance the management of endometriosis by addressing current diagnostic limitations and guiding surgical planning.
Comparative Neurological and Behavioral Assessment of Central and Peripheral Stimulation Technologies for Induced Pain and Cognitive Tasks
Authors: Mujib Muhammad Danish , Rao Ahmad Zahid , Hasan Muhammad Abul , Ikhlaq Ayesha , Shahid Hira , Bano Nargis , Mustafa Muhammad Usman , Mukhtar Faisal , Nisa Mehrun , Qazi Saad Ahmed
Published: June 2024

Pain is a multifaceted, multisystem disorder that adversely affects neuro-psychological processes. This study compares the effectiveness of central stimulation (transcranial direct current stimulation—tDCS over F3/F4) and peripheral stimulation (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation—TENS over the median nerve) in pain inhibition during a cognitive task in healthy volunteers and to observe potential neuro-cognitive improvements. Eighty healthy participants underwent a comprehensive experimental protocol, including cognitive assessments, the Cold Pressor Test (CPT) for pain induction, and tDCS/TENS administration. EEG recordings were conducted pre- and post-intervention across all conditions. The protocol for this study was categorized into four groups: G1 (control), G2 (TENS), G3 (anodal-tDCS), and G4 (cathodal-tDCS). Paired t-tests (p < 0.05) were conducted to compare Pre-Stage, Post-Stage, and neuromodulation conditions, with t-values providing insights into effect magnitudes. The result showed a reduction in pain intensity with TENS (p = 0.002, t-value = −5.34) and cathodal-tDCS (p = 0.023, t-value = −5.08) and increased pain tolerance with TENS (p = 0.009, t-value = 4.98) and cathodal-tDCS (p = 0.001, t-value = 5.78). Anodal-tDCS (p = 0.041, t-value = 4.86) improved cognitive performance. The EEG analysis revealed distinct neural oscillatory patterns across the groups. Specifically, G2 and G4 showed delta-power reductions, while G3 observed an increase. Moreover, G2 exhibited increased theta-power in the occipital region during CPT and Post-Stages. In the alpha-band, G2, G3, and G4 had reductions Post-Stage, while G1 and G3 increased. Additionally, beta-power increased in the frontal region for G2 and G3, contrasting with a reduction in G4. Furthermore, gamma-power globally increased during CPT1, with G1, G2, and G3 showing reductions Post-Stage, while G4 displayed a global decrease. The findings confirm the efficacy of TENS and tDCS as possible non-drug therapeutic alternatives for cognition with alleviation from pain.
Unlocking the Future of Drug Development: Generative AI, Digital Twins, and Beyond
Authors: Mariam Zamara , Niazi Sarfaraz K. , Magoola Matthias
Published: June 2024

This article delves into the intersection of generative AI and digital twins within drug discovery, exploring their synergistic potential to revolutionize pharmaceutical research and development. Through various instances and examples, we illuminate how generative AI algorithms, capable of simulating vast chemical spaces and predicting molecular properties, are increasingly integrated with digital twins of biological systems to expedite drug discovery. By harnessing the power of computational models and machine learning, researchers can design novel compounds tailored to specific targets, optimize drug candidates, and simulate their behavior within virtual biological environments. This paradigm shift offers unprecedented opportunities for accelerating drug development, reducing costs, and, ultimately, improving patient outcomes. As we navigate this rapidly evolving landscape, collaboration between interdisciplinary teams and continued innovation will be paramount in realizing the promise of generative AI and digital twins in advancing drug discovery.
Ineffective Learning Behaviors and Their Psychological Mechanisms among Adolescents in Online Learning: A Narrative Review
Authors: Li Ji , Fang Li , Liu Yu , Xie Jiayu , Wang Xiaoyu
Published: June 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries and regions experienced a surge in online learning, but the public complained about and questioned its effectiveness. One of the most important reasons for this was the inadequate metacognitive abilities of adolescents. Studies in learning sciences have identified various inefficient learning behaviors among students in online learning, including help abuse, help avoidance, and wheel spinning; all closely related to metacognition. Despite concerns about ecological validity, researchers in psychology have proposed the agenda-based regulation framework, the COPES model, and MAPS model, which may help explain the inefficient learning behaviors among adolescents in online learning. Future studies should aim to verify these theoretical frameworks within the context of online learning and elucidate the causes of inefficient learning behaviors; the design and optimization of online learning systems should be informed by theories in cognitive psychology.
The Impact of Seller Trust in a C2C Platform on Golf Club Purchase Intention and the Interaction Effect of Regulatory Focus
Authors: Choi Chulhwan , Lee Inyup , Yoo Hosuk
Published: June 2024

(1) Background: This study aimed to investigate the influence of seller trust on the purchase intention of consumers of used golf clubs in the context of increasing C2C transactions and further explore the interaction effect of regulatory focus. (2) Methods: Data were collected from 200 participants who had experience purchasing golf clubs through the Carrot Market platform, employing a 2 × 2 experimental design. An independent samples t-test was utilized to examine the effect of seller trust on purchase intention, followed by a two-way analysis of variance to assess the interaction effect of regulatory focus. (3) Results: The results revealed a significant difference in purchase intention based on seller trust, with higher purchase intentions observed when seller trust was high compared to when it was low. Additionally, the interaction effect of regulatory focus was found to be significant in the impact of seller trust on golf club purchase intention. Specifically, when seller trust was high, no significant differences were observed among control focus groups. However, when seller trust was low, promotion-focused consumers exhibited higher purchase intentions than prevention-focused consumers. (4) Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of seller trust in the context of an expanding market for online second-hand trading platforms.
“Leading through Crisis”: A Systematic Review of Institutional Decision-Makers in Emergency Contexts
Authors: D’Alessio Ivan , Quaglieri Alessandro , Burrai Jessica , Pizzo Alessandra , Mari Emanuela , Aitella Umberto , Lausi Giulia , Tagliaferri Ginevra , Cordellieri Pierluigi , Giannini Anna Maria , Cricenti Clarissa
Published: June 2024

This review aims to map studies on governmental and institutional decision-making processes in emergencies. The literature reveals various approaches used by governments in managing emergencies. Consequently, this article suggests the need for a systematic literature review to outline how institutional decision-makers operate during emergencies. To achieve this goal, the most widely used databases in psychological research were consulted, with a specific focus on selecting scientific articles. Subsequently, these studies were rigorously assessed for their relevance using a structured literature selection process following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. At the conclusion of the review process, nine studies were identified, each suggesting different methods by which governments manage emergencies. This diversity arises because emergency decision-making processes must account for numerous variables that change depending on the type of crisis and the specific context. However, several critical aspects have emerged, such as the centrality of pre-disaster planning to improve intervention practices and methods, attention to information gaps that inevitably arise during an emergency, and the importance of streamlining and delegating decision-making to emergency responders in the field to counter the phenomenon of centralized decision-making that often hampers crucial interventions during emergencies.
Understanding COVID-19-Related Behaviors, Worries, and Attitudes among Chinese: Roles of Personality and Severity
Authors: Liu Jie , Cao Chun , Zhang Yanyan
Published: June 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, people exhibited various forms of adjustments. This study examines how situational factors (i.e., the severity of COVID-19) and individual differences (i.e., the HEXACO traits) affect one’s COVID-19-related responses regarding behaviors (i.e., mask-wearing and hoarding), worries (i.e., worrying about infecting and spreading COVID-19), and attitudes (i.e., discrimination and empathy toward people infecting COVID-19) in China. With a sample of 927 participants, our results show that the severity of COVID-19 was predictive of all the responses, and its predictive value was more pronounced relative to personality traits. Concerning the association between personality traits and responses, Honesty-Humility and Conscientiousness were predictive of one’s behaviors, Emotionality was predictive of one’s worries, and almost all the HEXACO traits were associated with one’s attitudes toward people infected with COVID-19. This study sheds some light on understanding how situations and individual differences shape one’s responses in a time of emergency.
Adaptive Flexibility of the City’s Complex Systems
Authors: Rasheed Sara Abdul Aalie , Al-Hinkawi Wahda Shuker , Sherzad Mohammed Fareed
Published: June 2024

The city represents a complex adaptive system consisting of a set of interconnected subsystems within self-organization and flexible structures that give it the ability to adapt to continue operating over time. This research discusses the adaptive flexibility of the complex urban system by measuring the degree of complexity and adaptation of secondary systems within the general system depending on its kinetic and visual system, making it self-organized and within a coherent and harmonious unit. Thus, the research problem arises from “the lack of knowledge on how to determine the appropriate degree of complexity and adaptation for urban systems, providing them with adaptive flexibility that allows them to maintain their energy and ensure their survival and continuity over time”. This research aims to determine the adaptive flexibility of the complex urban system, which keeps it self-organized and able to survive depending on its kinetic and visual system that links the secondary systems of the general system based on the degree of complexity and adaptation ideal. The research adopted quantitative analysis, which includes calculating the adaptive dimensions of the complex system based on the kinetic and visual system, as well as the nodes connecting the parts of the secondary system, in addition to determining both the area and the perimeter of the study area. The historic Karkh area in Baghdad was selected for implementation because it includes a model of the complex system that originated and developed within different time stages. The system’s adaptive flexibility was calculated to determine its ability to survive and continue. This research found that it is possible to determine the strength of the urban format and its ability to survive or not, as well as the possibility of developing it, by understanding the ideal degree of adaptive flexibility for the format. This ideal degree is 1, achieved through visual and kinetic coherence among the nodes that make up the parts of the format. The farther the format is from this degree, the less adaptive flexibility it has, which affects its ability to survive and continue. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the strength of the interconnections between the parts of the kinetic and visual system and between the parts of the complex format, which directly affects its ability to self-regulate and survive.