bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ten-Day Vonoprazan-Amoxicillin Dual Therapy as a First-Line Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection Compared With Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Therapy
Authors: Qian Hai-Sheng , Li Wen-Jie , Dang Yi-Ni , Li Lu-Rong , Xu Xiao-Bing , Yuan Lin , Zhang Wei-Feng , Yang Zhen , Gao Xin , Zhang Min , Li Xuan , Zhang Guo-Xin
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION:

No study has investigated the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy compared with bismuth quadruple therapy (B-quadruple). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 10-day vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy as a first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection compared with B-quadruple and to explore the optimal dosage of amoxicillin in the dual therapy.

METHODS:

A total of 375 treatment-naive, H. pylori-infected subjects were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio into 3 regimen groups including VHA-dual (vonoprazan 20 mg twice/day + amoxicillin 750 mg 4 times/day), VA-dual (vonoprazan 20 mg + amoxicillin 1,000 mg twice/day), and B-quadruple (esomeprazole 20 mg + bismuth 200 mg + amoxicillin 1,000 mg + clarithromycin 500 mg twice/day). Eradication rates, adverse events (AEs), and compliance were compared between 3 groups.

RESULTS:

The eradication rates of B-quadruple, VHA-dual, and VA-dual were 90.9%, 93.4%, and 85.1%, respectively, by per-protocol analysis; 89.4%, 92.7%, and 84.4%, respectively, by modified intention-to-treat analysis; 88.0%, 91.2%, and 82.4%, respectively, by intention-to-treat analysis. The efficacy of the VHA-dual group was not inferior to the B-quadruple group (P < 0.001), but VA-dual did not reach a noninferiority margin of −10%. The AEs rates of the B-quadruple group were significantly higher than those of the VHA-dual (P = 0.012) and VA-dual (P = 0.001) groups. There was no significant difference in medication compliance among 3 treatment groups (P = 0.995).

CONCLUSIONS:

The 10-day VHA-dual therapy provided satisfactory eradication rates of >90%, lower AEs rates, and similar adherence compared with B-quadruple therapy as a first-line therapy for H. pylori infection. However, the efficacy of VA-dual therapy was not acceptable.
Impact of Chronotherapy on 6-Mercaptopurine Metabolites in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Pilot Crossover Trial
Authors: Swanson Garth R. , Biglin Mary , Raff Hannah , Chouhan Vijit , Jochum Sarah , Shaikh Maliha , Francey Lauren , Bishehsari Faraz , Hogenesch John , Keshavarzian Ali
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Chronotherapy is the timing of medication according to biological rhythms of the host to optimize drug efficacy and minimize toxicity. Efficacy and myelosuppression of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine (AZA/6-MP) are correlated with the metabolite 6-thioguanine, while the metabolite 6-methylmercaptopurine correlates with hepatotoxicity.

METHODS:

This was a single-center, 10-week prospective crossover trial involving 26 participants with inactive inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on a stable dose and time of AZA or 6-MP therapy. Participants were switched to the opposite delivery time (morning or evening) for 10 weeks, and metabolite measurements were at both time points.

RESULTS:

In the morning vs evening dosing, 6-thioguanine levels were 225.7 ± 155.1 vs 175.0 ± 106.9 (P < 0.01), and 6-methylmercaptopurine levels were 825.1 ± 1,023.3 vs 2,395.3 ± 2,880.3 (P < 0.01), with 69% (18 out of 26) of participants had better metabolite profiles in the morning. Participants with optimal dosing in the morning had an earlier chronotype by corrected midpoint of sleep.

DISCUSSION:

In the first study on a potential role of chronotherapy in IBD, we found (i) morning dosing of AZA or 6-MP resulted in more optimal metabolite profiles and (ii) host chronotype could help identify one-third of patients who would benefit from evening dosing. Circadian regulation of metabolic enzymes of AZA/6-MP activity in the liver is the likely cause of these differences. This pilot study confirms the need to incorporate chronotherapy in future multicenter clinical trials on IBD disease.
Automated In Vivo High-Resolution Imaging to Detect Human Papillomavirus–Associated Anal Precancer in Persons Living With HIV
Authors: Brenes David , Kortum Alex , Carns Jennifer , Mutetwa Tinaye , Schwarz Richard , Liu Yuxin , Sigel Keith , Richards-Kortum Rebecca , Anandasabapathy Sharmila , Gaisa Michael , Chiao Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION:

In the United States, the effectiveness of anal cancer screening programs has been limited by a lack of trained professionals proficient in high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) and a high patient lost-to-follow-up rate between diagnosis and treatment. Simplifying anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or more severe (AIN 2+) detection could radically improve the access and efficiency of anal cancer prevention. Novel optical imaging providing point-of-care diagnoses could substantially improve existing HRA and histology-based diagnosis. This work aims to demonstrate the potential of high-resolution microendoscopy (HRME) coupled with a novel machine learning algorithm for the automated, in vivo diagnosis of anal precancer.

METHODS:

The HRME, a fiber-optic fluorescence microscope, was used to capture real-time images of anal squamous epithelial nuclei. Nuclear staining is achieved using 0.01% wt/vol proflavine, a topical contrast agent. HRME images were analyzed by a multitask deep learning network (MTN) that computed the probability of AIN 2+ for each HRME image.

RESULTS:

The study accrued data from 77 people living with HIV. The MTN achieved an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.84 for detection of AIN 2+. At the AIN 2+ probability cutoff of 0.212, the MTN achieved comparable performance to expert HRA impression with a sensitivity of 0.92 (P = 0.68) and specificity of 0.60 (P = 0.48) when using histopathology as the gold standard.

DISCUSSION:

When used in combination with HRA, this system could facilitate more selective biopsies and promote same-day AIN2+ treatment options by enabling real-time diagnosis.
Pencegah Penyalahgunaan Izin Tinggal Kunjungan Warga Negara Asing Oleh Kantor Imigrasi Semarang
Authors: Ninage Mega Bintang , Diamantina Amalia
Published: February 2023

Setiap negara mempunyai tatanan dan kewenangan sendiri untuk mengatur batas izin tinggal bagi warga negara asing. Tidak menutup kemungkinann warga negara asing melakukan penyalahgunaan batas waktu izin tinggal demi mewujudkan kepentingan pribadi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis tugas dan kewenangan Kantor Imigrasi Semarang dalam melakukan pencegahan terhadap pelanggaran batas izin tinggal kunjungan warga negara asing. Metode yang digunakan adalah hukum empiris yakni didasarkan  fakta-fakta yang diperoleh dari hasil hasil wawancara yang dilakukan dengan pihak Imigrasi Semarang. Penelitian ini menunjukan adanya kendala dalam mencegah penyalahgunaan Izin Tinggal Kunjungan seperti wilayah Kota Semarang yang cukup luas yang mengakibatkan keterbatasan jangkauan pengawasan terhadap WNA, kurangnya jumlah pekerja dari pihak Imigrasi, kurangnya komunikasi dua arah atau lemahnya koordinasi di antara instansi terkait, minim partisipasi dari masyarakat untuk melapor dan membantu pihak Imigrasi mencegah penyalahgunaan Izin Tinggal Kunjungan warga Negara Asing.
Kebijakan Formulasi Sanksi Pidana Dalam Undang-Undang Narkotika Yang Akan Datang (Ius Constituendum)
Authors: Putra Risqi Perdana , Pujiyono Pujiyono
Published: February 2023

Kejahatan narkotika berada pada tingkat yang membahayakan terhadap kehidupan sosial masyarakat Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan formulasi pidana dalam Undang Undang Narkotika yang akan datang (ius constituendum). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa kebijakan tentang sanksi pidana khususnya pidana mati dalam Undang-Undang Narkotika di Indonesia yang ada selama ini belum mewujudkan ide keseimbangan/monodualistik sebagai nilai - nilai dasar dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Kebijakan formulasi pidana dalam Undang Undang Narkotika yang akan datang (Ius Constituendum) harus mengutamakan tindakan - tindakan perawatan yang bertujuan memperbaiki guna mewujudkan dan mengimplementasikan ide keseimbangan / monodualistik.
Analisis Penghapusan Syarat Tidak Bertentangan dengan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Dalam Penggunaan Diskresi Pada Omnibus Law Cipta Kerja
Authors: Narindra Janitra Syena , Ispriyarso Budi
Published: February 2023

Pengaturan baru tentang diskresi, menghapuskan syarat “tidak bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan” pada Pasal 175 ayat (2) UU Cipta Kerja menimbulkan pro kontra karena Indonesia merupakan negara hukum dan sekaligus merupakan negara kesejateraan yang dalam mencapainya diperlukan tindakan yang bersifat responsif. Tujuan penelitian ini mendiskripsikan dan menganalisis pengaturan baru diskresi  beserta implikasinya. Metode yang digunakan berupa yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertama, pengaturan diskresi yang baru membuka perluasan atas penggunaan diskresi sehingga bertentangan dengan konsep negara hukum. Kedua, aturan baru diskresi berimplikasi terbentuknya Keputusan Tata Usaha Negara yang menghilangkan asas kepastian dan asas tidak menyalahgunakan kewenangan namun disisi lain pengaturan ini ditujukan untuk menunjang pemecahan masalah secara responsif terlebih kondisi darurat seperti pandemi Covid-19. Pemerintah daerah dengan konsep desentralisasi fiskal bagian dari konsep otonomi daerah, melalui diskresi diyakini lebih efektif dan efisien.
Perlindungan Hak Cipta Terhadap Gambar Yang Telah Diunggah Pada Media Sosial Instagram
Authors: Zahida Shafira Inan , Santoso Budi
Published: February 2023

Penjual yang menggunakan gambar hasil dari pencurian terhadap Hak Cipta baik berupa gambar, kaligrafi atau sebagainya di media sering terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum terhadap kekayaan intelektual gambar yang terlah diunggah ke instagram dan mengetahui sanksi bagi penjual online yang mengambil kekayaan intelektual seseorang tanpa izin. Permasalahan tersebut akan dibahas dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa pemegang hak cipta atas Kekayaan Intelektual yang telah diunggah ke media sosial dilindungi baik hak ekonomi juga hak moralnya. Sanksi hukum bagi pihak penjual online yang melanggar hak cipta akan mendapatkan sanksi pidana berupa pidana denda dan pidana penjara sebagaimana ketentuan Pasal 113 Undang - Undang Hak Cipta. Selain itu, instagram sebagai salah satu tempat jual beli online juga telah memiliki regulasi tersendiri terhadap pelanggar hak cipta. Hasil kajian menyimpulkan bahwa foto, kaligrafi atau sebagainya yang telah diunggah di instagram akan dilindungi oleh hak cipta namun masih banyak terjadi pelanggaran, maka perlu adanya tindakan yang tegas bagi para pelanggar dan meningkatkan pengetahuan pengguna media sosial terhadap pentingnya melindungi hak cipta.
PROBLEMATIKA PENGATURAN “KERUGIAN LANGSUNG” DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PEMILIHAN (STUDI KASUS PILKADA HALMAHERA UTARA 2020)
Authors: Tauda Gunawan A.
Published: February 2023

Frasa “hak peserta pemilihan dirugikan secara langsung” merupakan frasa yang krusial dalam keterpenuhan kedudukan hukum pemohon pada sengketa proses pemilihan. Berkaca pada kontestasi Pemilihan Bupati dan Wakil Bupati Kabupaten Halmahera Utara Tahun 2020 lalu, kajian konseptual ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengaturan konsep kerugian langsung terkait kedudukan hukum pemohon dalam Perbawaslu Sengketa Proses Pemilihan mengenyampingkan penegakan hukum, dan pemenuhan aspek keadilan dan kepastian hukum pemilihan, karena itu pengaturannya perlu direkonstruksi. Rekonstruksi pengaturan mengenai konsep kerugian langsung pemohon dalam permohonan penyelesaian sengketa proses pemilihan idealnya dilakukan dengan cara memperluas makna kerugian langsung dalam verifikasi materiil terkait objek sengketa permohonan, atau berupa penghapusan frasa “yang menyebabkan hak peserta Pemilihan dirugikan secara langsung” dalam Pasal 4 ayat (1) Perbawaslu Sengketa Proses, dan Petunjuk Teknis Penyelesaian Sengketa Proses Pemilihan.
Application of nonlinear clustering optimization algorithm in web data mining of cloud computing
Authors: Zhang Yan
Published: February 2023

To improve data mining and data clustering performance to improve the efficiency of the cloud computing platform, the author proposes a bionic optimized clustering data extraction algorithm based on cloud computing platform. According to the Gaussian distribution function graph, the degree of aggregation of the categories and the distribution of data points of the same category can be judged more intuitively. The cloud computing platform has the characteristics of large amount of data and high dimension. In the process of solving the distance between all sample points and the center point, after each center point update, the optimization function needs to be re-executed, the author mainly uses clustering evaluation methods such as PBM-index and DB-index. The simulation data object is the Iris dataset in UCI, and N = 500 samples are selected for simulation. The experiment result shows that when P is not greater than 15, the PBM value changes very little, and when P = 20, the PBM performance of all the four clustering algorithms decreased significantly. When the sample size is increased from 50,000 to 100,000, the DB performance of this algorithm does not change much, and the DB value tends to be stable. In terms of clustering operation time, the K-means algorithm has obvious advantages, the DBSCAN algorithm is the most time-consuming, and the operation time of wolf pack clustering and Mean-shift is in the middle. In the actual application process, the number of samples for each training can be dynamically adjusted according to the actual needs, in order to improve the applicability of the wolf pack clustering algorithm in specific application scenarios. Flattening in cloud computing for data clusters, this algorithm is compared with the common clustering algorithm in PBM. DB also shows better performance.
Robot-assisted therapy for upper limb impairments in cerebral palsy: A scoping review and suggestions for future research
Authors: Jouaiti Melanie , Dautenhahn Kerstin
Published: February 2023

A growing number of studies investigate the use of robotics therapy for motor (re)habilitation with children with cerebral palsy (CP). Most of these studies use functional robots in very repetitive sessions. While the therapy is effective, very few studies employ social robots, which appears to be a missed opportunity to design more compelling and enjoyable sessions for the children. In this article, we will review robot-assisted upper limb motor (re)habilitation for children with CP. Previous reviews of robot-assisted therapy for CP had mostly focused on lower limbs, or the review was made from a medical point of view, with the sole concern being the therapy’s effectiveness. Here, we focus our review on robot-assisted upper limb (re)habilitation and address human–robot interaction considerations. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE databases and argue that although this area of research is promising and already effective, it would benefit from the inclusion of social robots for a more engaging and enjoyable experience. We suggest four scenarios that could be developed in this direction. The goal of this article is to highlight the relevance of the past work and encourage the development of new ideas where therapy will socially engage and motivate children.
Egy sikeres képzés háttere ̶ Falu- és tanyagondnoki képzés a PTE Kultúratudományi, Pedagógusképző és Vidékfejlesztési Karán
Authors: Koltai Zoltán
Published: February 2023

Városi lakosként, vagy egyszerűen csak népesebb településen élő emberként ritkán szembesülünk azzal, hogy lakóhelyünkön hiányt szenvednénk a mindennapi szükségleteinkhez szorosan hozzátartozó javakból. Természetesnek vesszük az élelmiszerboltok széles választékát, elérhető a patika, helyben rendel az orvos, működnek a hivatalok. Biztosított számunkra a kulturális és szabadidős intézmények gazdag kínálata, a gyermekek számára rendelkezésre áll az óvoda és az iskola. Ezzel egyidőben a kistelepüléseken élők számára gyakran elérhetetlenek ezek a társadalmi alapfunkciók. Különösen problematikus mindez azokban az elöregedő, szociális gondokkal is küzdő kisközösségekben, ahol a saját gépjármű hiánya, a megritkult tömegközlekedési kapcsolatok szinte lehetetlenné teszik a teljes értékű életet. Számukra a falugondnok jelentheti az elszigeteltség csökkentésének egyedüli esélyét. A Baranya Megyei Önkormányzat megbízása alapján a Pécsi Tudományegyetem Kultúratudományi, Pedagógusképző és Vidékfejlesztési Karán valósult meg 2022. április és augusztus között a Baranya megyei falugondnokok Falu- és tanyagondnoki képzése. A tanulmány az egyetem életében újszerű képzési program tapasztalatait mutatja be, melyhez kapcsolódási pontot biztosít a magyarországi települések versenyképességét elemző országos, rétegzett kérdőíves kutatásunk.
Interrelationships Between Multiple Speed Tests in Youth Soccer: Are Players Equally Efficient at Performing Different Sprint and Change of Direction Tasks?
Authors: Freitas Tomás T. , Pereira Lucas A. , Alcaraz Pedro E. , Cadore Eduardo L. , Grazioli Rafael , Azevedo Paulo H.S.M. , Jeffreys Ian , Loturco Irineu
Published: February 2023

Freitas, TT, Pereira, LA, Alcaraz, PE, Cadore, EL, Grazioli, R, Azevedo, PHSM, Jeffreys, I, and Loturco, I. Interrelationships between multiple speed tests in youth soccer: Are players equally efficient at performing different sprint and COD tasks? J Strength Cond Res 37(4): 848–853, 2023—We investigated the relationships between linear and multidirectional sprint tests in elite young soccer players, using different speed measurements and their associated deficits. Twenty-three under-17 and 17 under-16 soccer players performed, on the same day, 17-m linear sprint (with 10-m split times), curve sprints for “good” and “weak” sides (CSGS and CSWS, respectively), and zigzag and 505 change of direction (COD) tests. The Pearson’s product moment test was used to determine the relationships among the tested variables. Significance level was set at p < 0.05. Large and very large significant correlations were observed between CSGS and CSWS and 10-m (r = 0.73 and r = 0.53, respectively; p < 0.0001) and 17-m sprint velocity (r = 0.84 and r = 0.74, respectively; p < 0.0001). Moderate and significant associations were identified between zigzag and 17-m sprint performances (r = 0.40; p = 0.02). No significant relationships were found between 505 performance and 17-m sprint velocity and between the different COD tasks (p > 0.05). Significant correlations were observed between sprint performance at 10- and 17-m and both CS and COD deficits (r values ranging from 0.37 to 0.54; p < 0.05). In general, higher linear sprinting velocities were associated with superior performances in smoother multidirectional tasks (i.e., CS and zigzag tests) but not in more aggressive COD maneuvers (i.e., 505). Faster athletes in linear actions presented greater CS and COD deficits. No associations were detected between the different COD measurements, supporting the notion that the technical and mechanical demands of COD actions are angle and velocity dependent. From a practical perspective, comprehensive speed testing batteries (i.e., incorporating linear sprints, CS, and different COD assessments) should be administered to young soccer players, to better understand their ability to change direction and sprint over multiple trajectories.
The Relationship Between Partial and Full Range of Motion Deadlift 1-Repetition Maximum: A Technical Note
Authors: Gillingham Brad , Bishop Alan , Higa Grant K. , Adams Kent J. , DeBeliso Mark
Published: February 2023

Gillingham, B, Bishop, A, Higa, GK, Adams, KJ, and DeBeliso, M. The relationship between partial and full range of motion deadlift 1-repetition maximum: a technical note. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—The full range of motion (FROM) or partial range of motion (PROM) deadlift (DL) are often included in resistance training (RT) programs and are performed by strength athletes in competition. This study examined the relationship between the FROM and PROM 1-repetition maximum (1RM) DL and if the PROM 1RM DL can be estimated by the FROM 1RM DL. Eighteen National Collegiate Athletic Association wrestlers (20.8 ± 1.2 years, 176.0 ± 5.2 cm, 78.9 ± 10.6 kg) performed a warm-up followed by the assessment of the FROM and PROM 1RM DLs. The FROM DLs were executed with a starting position of the bar resting on the lifting platform. Partial range of motion DLs were executed in a power rack with the bar starting position at ≈2.54 cm above the patella. Regression analysis was employed to estimate PROM 1RM DL based on FROM 1RM DL, body height, and mass. A Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was used to compare the PROM 1RM DL with FROM 1RM DL. A dependent t test was used to compare the PROM 1RM DL and FROM 1RM DL scores (α < 0.05). The PROM 1RM DL scores (226.0 ± 40.6 kg) were significantly greater than the FROM 1RM DL scores (191.7 ± 37.2 kg) (p < 0.05: effect size = 0.92). The PCC between the PROM and FROM 1RM DL was r = 0.85 (p < 0.05). The regression coefficient for the FROM 1RM DL was significant (p < 0.05; R = 0.85, R
2 = 0.73). The regression coefficients for body mass and height were not significant (p > 0.05). The PROM and FROM DL may be interchangeable modalities within an RT program, and the PROM 1RM DL can be accurately predicted by the FROM 1RM DL.
Enhanced Maximal Upper-Body Strength Increases Performance in Sprint Kayaking
Authors: Kristiansen Mathias , Pedersen Ann-Marie Sydow Krogh , Sandvej Ghita , Jørgensen Patrick , Jakobsen Jarl Venneberg , de Zee Mark , Hansen Ernst Albin , Klitgaard Kent K.
Published: February 2023

Kristiansen, M, Sydow Krogh Pedersen, A-M, Sandvej, G, Jørgensen, P, Jakobsen, JV, de Zee, M, Hansen, EA, and Klitgaard, KK. Enhanced maximal upper-body strength increases performance in sprint kayaking. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): e305–e312, 2023—The association between upper-body strength and performance in 200-m flat-water sprint kayak is not fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of study 1 was to investigate the relationship between upper-body strength and kayaking performance. In study 2, the aim was to perform a randomized training intervention to investigate whether a causal relationship was present between an increase in strength and an actual change in 200-m kayaking performance. In study 1, 37 (22 men and 15 women) elite kayak paddlers performed tests of maximal power output, isometric force, 1 repetition maximum (1RM), and 40 seconds of maximal repetition number in bench press and bench pull and a 30-second all-out on-water sprint kayak test. In study 2, 26 (16 men and 10 women) national elite junior A, U23, and senior kayak paddlers were allocated into 2 groups: a training group (TRAIN) and a maintenance group (MAIN). Each group completed a 6-week strength training intervention with the purpose of either increasing 1RM in bench press (TRAIN) or maintaining strength (MAIN). Pre- and posttests were performed in 200-m kayak ergometer sprint, 1RM bench press, and 1RM bench pull. In study 1, 1RM in bench press was the best predictor of 30-second on-water kayaking performance with a regression coefficient of 0.474. In study 2, TRAIN significantly increased 1RM strength in bench press (pre: 87.3 ± 21.2 kg, post: 93.9 ± 21.3 kg, p = 0.001) and bench pull (pre: 84.2 ± 15.3 kg, post: 86.0 ± 15.1 kg, p = 0.025). In the 200-m kayak ergometer sprint test, TRAIN significantly decreased the time to complete the test (pre: 44.8 ± 4.3 seconds, post: 44.3 ± 4.3 seconds, p = 0.042). In bench press, 1RM was the best predictor of 200-m kayaking, and an increase in bench press 1RM resulted in increased kayaking performance.
A Self-Selected 16:8 Time-Restricted Eating Protocol Improves Fat Oxidation Rates, Markers of Cardiometabolic Health, and 10-km Cycling Performance in Middle-Age Male Cyclists
Authors: Witt Craig R. , Grozier Corey D. , Killen Lauren G. , Renfroe Lee G. , O'Neal Eric K. , Waldman Hunter S.
Published: February 2023

Witt, CR, Grozier, CD, Killen, LG, Renfroe, LG, O’Neal, EK, and Waldman, HS. A self-selected 16:8 time-restricted eating protocol improves fat oxidation rates, markers of cardiometabolic health, and 10-km cycling performance in middle-age male cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 37(5): 1117–1123, 2023—The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of 4 weeks, 16:8 time restricted eating (TRE) on markers of metabolic health and 10-km time trial (TT) performance in middle-age male cyclists. Subjects (n = 12; age, 40–60 years; V̇o
2peak, 41.8 ± 5.6 ml·kg−1·min−1) consisting of individuals following a habitual Western diet completed a familiarization and 2 experimental trials [PRE] and [POST]. Following habitual Western diet without TRE, anthropometric measures were assessed, followed by completion of a graded exercise test and 10-km TT. Subjects then adhered to a 4-week TRE protocol where all calories had to be consumed within a self-selected 8-hour window and then returned for repeat testing. Although self-reported caloric intake did not statistically change PRE to POST, body mass (PRE, 83.2 ± 13.4 vs. POST, 80.7 ± 12.6 kg), fat mass (∼2.5 kg), and blood pressure (systolic, 8 mm Hg; diastolic, 4 mm Hg) were all significantly lower POST (all p < 0.05), with no changes in fat-free mass. Furthermore, fat oxidation significantly increased (PRE, 0.36 ± 0.03 vs. POST, 0.42 ± 0.03 g·min−1; p = 0.04) following the TRE intervention and 10-km TT performance improved by ∼2 minutes POST (PRE, 29.7 ± 7.3 vs. POST, 27.4 ± 5.5 minutes; p = 0.02). Overall, our data demonstrated that middle-age male cyclists adhering to a 4-week TRE protocol can improve their body composition profile and 10-km TT performance without detriments to fat-free mass.
Application of the Ratings of Perceived Exertion-Clamp Model to Examine the Effects of Joint Angle on the Time Course of Torque and Neuromuscular Responses During a Sustained, Isometric Forearm Flexion to Task Failure
Authors: Smith Robert W. , Housh Terry J. , Anders John Paul V. , Neltner Tyler J. , Arnett Jocelyn E. , Schmidt Richard J. , Johnson Glen O.
Published: February 2023

Smith, RW, Housh, TJ, Anders, JPV, Neltner, TJ, Arnett, JE, Schmidt, RJ, and Johnson, GO. Application of the ratings of perceived exertion-clamp model to examine the effects of joint angle on the time course of torque and neuromuscular responses during a sustained, isometric forearm flexion to task failure. J Strength Cond Res 37(5): 1023–1033, 2023—The present study used the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)-clamp model during a sustained, isometric forearm flexion task to failure to determine the effects of joint angle on torque and neuromuscular responses. Twelve college-aged women performed two 3-second maximal voluntary isometric contractions at elbow joint angles (EJ) of 75°, 100°, and 125° before sustained, isometric, forearm flexions anchored to RPE = 7 to task failure (defined as RPE > 7, or the torque was reduced to zero) at EJ75, EJ100, and EJ125. The amplitude (AMP) and frequency (MPF) of the electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) signals from the biceps brachii were recorded. Repeated-measures ANOVAs and post hoc comparisons were used to examine differences across time and between joint angles for torque and neuromuscular parameters. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. For each joint angle, there was a decrease (p < 0.05) in torque across the sustained, isometric task. Collapsed across joint angle, there were decreases (p < 0.001,

= 0.378) in EMG AMP from 30 to 100% time to task failure. No changes were observed, however, for the other neuromuscular responses. The subjects voluntarily reduced torque to maintain RPE = 7 for each joint angle, and we hypothesize that RPE was maintained by afferent feedback from group III/IV motor neurons and corollary discharge (efferent copy of an internal signal that develops from central motor commands). The RPE-Clamp Model may be extended to athletes recovering from injury because a self-selected exercise intensity may be perceived as more enjoyable and promote adherence.
Effects of High-Intensity Position-Specific Drills on Physical and Technical Skill Performance in Elite Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Cuong Le Cao , Ma'ayah Fadi , Nosaka Kazunori , Hiscock Daniel , Latella Christopher
Published: February 2023

Cuong Le, C, Ma’ayah, F, Nosaka, K, Hiscock, D, and Latella, C. Effects of high-intensity position-specific drills on physical and technical skill performance in elite youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 37(5): e332–e340, 2023—Soccer physical preparation has been extensively researched with previous emphasis on high-intensity interval running and small-sided games. However, neither approach considers positional differences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and short-term effects of a novel position-specific conditioning training (PSCT) paradigm on physical and technical abilities of young soccer players. Fifteen male Vietnamese professional youth soccer players (16.1 ± 0.4 years, 171.7 ± 4.8 cm, 63.9 ± 3.8 kg) undertook a 3-week control period followed by a 3-week intervention with PSCT drills performed twice per week. Position-specific conditioning training comprised purposely designed drills for attackers, defenders, and wingers, respectively. The intensity and duration were the same for all drills (4 × 4 minutes at ∼90% heart rate maximum [HRmax], separated by a 4-minute recovery at 70% HRmax) but differed in the technical and tactical actions performed. Outcome measures included Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1, repeated sprint ability, 10-m and 30-m sprint time, and the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test for technical skills in a fatigued and nonfatigued state. Position-specific conditioning training drills induced a desirable intensity for effective conditioning purpose (89.0 ± 2.1% HRmax) with low interplayer variability (coefficient of variation = 2.4%). Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 performance improved (p < 0.05) after the control (Δ178.7 ± 203.3 m) and intervention (Δ176.0 ± 225.7 m) periods without a difference between. These results confirmed the feasibility of PSCT as a novel high-intensity training approach for soccer players. Improvements in aerobic capacity were noted, despite no effect on other physical and technical measures. PSCT may be suitable for individual training, return-to-play stages of rehabilitation, during off-season, or in academy settings when time is not a constraint.
Velocity Loss Is Not an Accurate Predictor of the Percentage of Completed Repetitions During the Prone Bench Pull Exercise
Authors: Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , Miras-Moreno Sergio , Janicijevic Danica , García-Ramos Amador
Published: February 2023

Pérez-Castilla, A, Miras-Moreno, S, Janicijevic, D, and García-Ramos, A. Velocity loss is not an accurate predictor of the percentage of completed repetitions during the prone bench pull exercise. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—The primary aim of this study was to explore the goodness of fit and accuracy of both general and individual relationships between the magnitude of velocity loss (%VL) and the percentage of performed repetitions with respect to the maximal number of repetitions that can be completed to failure (%Rep) during the Smith machine prone bench pull exercise. Fifteen male sports science students completed a preliminary session to determine the bench pull one-repetition maximum (1RM) and 2 identical experimental sessions separated by 48–72 hours. In each experimental session, subjects randomly performed single sets of repetitions to failure separated by 10 minutes against the 60% 1RM, 70% 1RM, and 80% 1RM during the Smith machine bench pull exercise. Individual %Rep-%VL relationships presented a greater goodness of fit than general %Rep-%VL relationships at the 60% 1RM (R

2
= 0.85–0.97 vs. 0.79–0.85), 70% 1RM (R

2
= 0.84–0.99 vs. 0.77–0.84), and 80% 1RM (R

2
= 0.84–1.00 vs. 0.74–0.80). However, the accuracy (absolute errors) in estimating the %Rep during the second testing session based on the %Rep-%VL equations obtained in the first testing session did not differ between the individual and general %Rep-%VL equations in 8 of 9 comparisons (p ≥ 0.102). The absolute errors between the actual and predicted %REP were unacceptable (>10%) in 11 of 18 comparisons, and acceptable (5–10%) in 7 of 18 comparisons. These results highlight that the %Rep cannot be estimated with high degree of accuracy from VL recordings during the Smith machine bench pull exercise, regardless of whether individual or general Rep-%VL relationships are considered.
Improving Clinical Utility of Real-World Prediction Models: Updating Through Recalibration
Authors: Bullock Garrett S. , Shanley Ellen , Thigpen Charles A. , Arden Nigel K. , Noonan Thomas K. , Kissenberth Michael J. , Wyland Douglas J. , Collins Gary S.
Published: February 2023

Bullock, GS, Shanley, E, Thigpen, CA, Arden, NK, Noonan, TK, Kissenberth, MJ, Wyland, DJ, and Collins, GS. Improving clinical utility of real-world prediction models: updating through recalibration. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—Prediction models can aid clinicians in identifying at-risk athletes. However, sport and clinical practice patterns continue to change, causing predictive drift and potential suboptimal prediction model performance. Thus, there is a need to temporally recalibrate previously developed baseball arm injury models. The purpose of this study was to perform temporal recalibration on a previously developed injury prediction model and assess model performance in professional baseball pitchers. An arm injury prediction model was developed on data from a prospective cohort from 2009 to 2019 on minor league pitchers. Data for the 2015–2019 seasons were used for temporal recalibration and model performance assessment. Temporal recalibration constituted intercept-only and full model redevelopment. Model performance was investigated by assessing Nagelkerke’s R-square, calibration in the large, calibration, and discrimination. Decision curves compared the original model, temporal recalibrated model, and current best evidence-based practice. One hundred seventy-eight pitchers participated in the 2015–2019 seasons with 1.63 arm injuries per 1,000 athlete exposures. The temporal recalibrated intercept model demonstrated the best discrimination (0.81 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73, 0.88]) and R-square (0.32) compared with original model (0.74 [95% CI: 0.69, 0.80]; R-square: 0.32) and the redeveloped model (0.80 [95% CI: 0.73, 0.87]; R-square: 0.30). The temporal recalibrated intercept model demonstrated an improved net benefit of 0.34 compared with current best evidence-based practice. The temporal recalibrated intercept model demonstrated the best model performance and clinical utility. Updating prediction models can account for changes in sport training over time and improve professional baseball arm injury outcomes.
Neuromuscular Performance Changes in Elite Futsal Players Over a Competitive Season
Authors: Spyrou Konstantinos , Alcaraz Pedro E. , Marín-Cascales Elena , Herrero-Carrasco Rubén , Cohen Daniel D. , Freitas Tomás T.
Published: February 2023

Spyrou, K, Alcaraz, PE, Marín-Cascales, E, Herrero-Carrasco, R, Cohen, DD, and Freitas, TT. Neuromuscular performance changes in elite futsal players over a competitive season. J Strength Cond Res 37(5): 1111–1116, 2023—A professional futsal season imposes a great amount of physiological and mechanical stress on players. The main aim of this study was to examine the changes in neuromuscular performance qualities across the season. Ten professional male players performed a 10-m sprint, standing long jumps (SLJs), and countermovement jumps (CMJs) during the competitive season (i.e., every ∼5 weeks from September to January). A one-way repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc pairwise comparisons and effect sizes (ESs) were used to analyze potential differences among these assessments. A significant and large decline was found in concentric peak power (p = 0.040; ES = 1.24). A nonsignificant and moderate decrease was observed in sprint ability (p = 0.155; ES = 1.03), CMJ height (p = 0.175; ES = 1.00), and SLJ distance (p = 0.164; ES = 1.03). Regarding other CMJ kinetic variables, nonsignificant and moderate changes were found. In summary, considering the neuromuscular performance tests and variables assessed, only concentric peak power in CMJ decreased significantly across the season; however, nonsignificant decrements were observed in sprinting time, SLJ, CMJ height, and other kinetic metrics. CMJ variables during the jump-land cycle should be incorporated alongside more traditional measures (e.g., jump height) to monitor performance during the season.
Effect of High-Volume Cluster Sets vs. Lower-Volume Traditional Sets on Accuracy of Estimated Repetitions to Failure
Authors: Davies Timothy B. , Li Jiuzhang , Hackett Daniel A.
Published: February 2023

Davies, TB, Li, J, and Hackett, DA. Effect of high-volume cluster sets vs. lower-volume traditional sets on accuracy of estimated repetitions to failure. J Strength Cond Res 37(6): 1191–1198, 2023—This study investigated the effects of resistance training using cluster (CLUS) vs. traditional (TRAD) set structures on the accuracy of estimated repetitions to failure (ERF). Nineteen healthy male resistance trainers (age 21.0 ± 4.4 years) were randomized into 1 of the 2 bench press training routines performed for 6 weeks. Cluster (n = 10) performed 6 sets of 5 repetitions at 85% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) with 30-second interrepetition rest and 3 minutes of interset rest. Traditional (n = 9) performed 3 sets of 5 repetitions at 85% 1RM with 5 minutes of interset rest. Maximum repetitions at 85% 1RM was performed before and after intervention to assess error in ERF and mean concentric velocity (MCV). The ERF, rating of perceived exertion, and maintenance of MCV were assessed throughout the intervention. Rating of perceived exertion was lower for sets 1–3 in CLUS compared with TRAD from weeks 1 to 4 (effect size [ES] = 0.8–2.4, p ≤ 0.04). The ERF was greater for sets 1–3 in CLUS than in TRAD during all intervention weeks (ES = 1.0–5.1, p ≤ 0.04). Maintenance of MCV was greater in CLUS compared with TRAD for all sets at week 1 (ES = 0.76, p = 0.002) and sets 4–6 at week 6 (ES = 0.77, p = 0.006). After the intervention, error in ERF did not change, and no differences were found between the groups. Findings indicate that accuracy of ERF does not improve after resistance training using set structures that induce different transient fatigue-related effects when using high loads in experienced resistance trainers.
Two-point Method Applied in Field Conditions: A Feasible Approach to Assess the Load-Velocity Relationship Variables During the Bench Pull Exercise
Authors: Miras-Moreno Sergio , García-Ramos Amador , Jukic Ivan , Pérez-Castilla Alejandro
Published: February 2023

Miras-Moreno, S, García-Ramos, A, Jukic, I, and Pérez-Castilla, A. Two-point method applied in field conditions: a feasible approach to assess the load-velocity relationship variables during the bench pull exercise. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—This study explored the between-session reliability and concurrent validity of the load-velocity (L-V) relationship variables obtained from different methods during the Smith machine bench pull exercise. In a counterbalanced order, 23 resistance-trained male subjects performed 2 sessions against 6 different loads in one week and 2 sessions against the lightest and heaviest loads in another week. The L-V relationship variables (load-axis intercept [L
0], velocity-axis intercept [v
0], and area under the L-V relationship line [A
line]) were obtained using the mean and peak velocity by the standard multiple-point (all 6 loads were used for the L-V modeling), modified multiple-point (the data point that most reduced the coefficient of determination was omitted from the L-V modeling), and 2-point (only 2 loads were used for the L-V modeling) methods. The reliability of the L-V relationship variables was acceptable for all methods (within-subjects coefficient of variation [CV] = 2.09–9.21%). The standard multiple-point and 2-point methods provided greater reliability for all L-V relationship variables compared with the modified multiple-point method (CVratio ≥ 1.27), while the 2-point method provided similar (CVratio = 1.04 for A
line) or greater (CVratio = 1.50 for L
0 and 1.62 for v
0) reliability than the standard multiple-point method. The concurrent validity of the modified multiple-point and 2-point methods was acceptable for the L-V relationship variables (effect size ≤ 0.62; r ≥ 0.76). These results suggest that the 2-point method is not only a valid procedure but also more reliable, simpler, faster, and less prone to fatigue than multiple-point methods for assessing maximal neuromuscular capacities through the L-V relationship.
Astaxanthin Supplementation Does Not Affect Markers of Muscle Damage or Inflammation After an Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Protocol in Resistance-Trained Males
Authors: Waldman Hunter S. , Bryant Andrea R. , Parten Alyssa L. , Grozier Corey D. , McAllister Matthew J.
Published: February 2023

Waldman, HS, Bryant, AR, Parten, AL, Grozier, CD, and McAllister, MJ. Astaxanthin supplementation does not affect markers of muscle damage or inflammation after an exercise-induced muscle damage protocol in resistance-trained males. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): e413–e421, 2023—It is well documented that exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) decreases exercise performance by elevated inflammation and subjective discomfort. Due to its potent antioxidative properties, astaxanthin (AX) may serve as a potential dietary supplement strategy for mitigating delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and enhancing recovery and performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AX on markers of muscle damage, inflammation, DOMS, and anaerobic performance and substrate metabolism. Thirteen resistance-trained men (mean ± SD, age, 23.4 ± 2.1 years) completed a double-blind, counterbalanced, and crossover design with a 1-week washout period between 2, 4-week supplementation periods at 12 mg·d−1 of AX or placebo. After each supplementation period, subjects completed 2 trials, with trial 1 including a graded exercise test (GXT) and a 30-second Wingate and trial 2 including an EIMD protocol followed by the collection of fasting blood samples (pre-post) to measure creatine kinase, advanced oxidative protein products, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, insulin, and cortisol. Astaxanthin supplementation had no statistical effects on markers of substrate metabolism during the GXT, Wingate variables, or markers of muscle damage, inflammation, or DOMS when compared with placebo (all p > 0.05). However, 4 weeks of AX supplementation did significantly lower oxygen consumption during the final stage of the GXT (12%, p = 0.02), as well as lowered systolic blood pressure (∼7%, p = 0.04), and significantly lowered baseline insulin values (∼24%, p = 0.05) when compared with placebo. Collectively, these data suggest that 4 weeks of AX supplementation at 12 mg·d−1 did not affect markers of muscle damage, inflammation, or DOMS after an EIMD protocol in a resistance-trained male cohort.
Common High-Speed Running Thresholds Likely Do Not Correspond to High-Speed Running in Field Sports
Authors: Freeman Brock W. , Talpey Scott W. , James Lachlan P. , Opar David A. , Young Warren B.
Published: February 2023

Freeman, BW, Talpey, SW, James, LP, Opar, DA, and Young, WB. Common high-speed running thresholds likely do not correspond to high-speed running in field sports. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): 1411–1418, 2023—The purpose of this study was to clarify what percentage of maximum speed is associated with various running gaits. Fifteen amateur field sport athletes (age = 23 ± 3.6 years) participated in a series of 55-meter running trials. The speed of each trial was determined by instructions relating to 5 previously identified gait patterns (jog, run, stride, near maximum sprint, and sprint). Each trial was filmed in slow motion (240 fps), whereas running speed was obtained using Global Positioning Systems. Contact time, stride angle, and midstance free-leg knee angle were determined from video footage. Running gaits corresponded with the following running speeds, jogging = 4.51 m·s−1, 56%Vmax, running = 5.41 m·s−1, 66%Vmax, striding = 6.37 m·s−1, 78%Vmax, near maximum sprinting = 7.08 m·s−1, 87%Vmax, and sprinting = 8.15 m·s−1, 100%Vmax. Significant (p < 0.05) increases in stride angle were observed as running speed increased. Significant (p < 0.05) decreases were observed in contact time and midstance free-leg knee angle as running speed increased. These findings suggest currently used thresholds for high-speed running (HSR) and sprinting most likely correspond with jogging and striding, which likely underestimates the true HSR demands. Therefore, a higher relative speed could be used to describe HSR and sprinting more accurately in field sports.
Concurrent Validity and Reliability of Different Technologies for Sprint-Derived Horizontal Force-Velocity-Power Profiling
Authors: Cormier Patrick , Tsai Ming-Chang , Meylan César , Agar-Newman Dana , Epp-Stobbe Amarah , Kalthoff Zach , Klimstra Marc
Published: February 2023

Cormier, P, Tsai, M-C, Meylan, C, Agar-Newman, D, Epp-Stobbe, A, Kalthoff, Z, and Klimstra, M. Concurrent validity and reliability of different technologies for sprint-derived horizontal force-velocity-power profiling. J Strength Cond Res 37(6): 1298–1305, 2023—This study evaluated the validity and reliability of common systems to assess sprint-derived horizontal force-velocity-power (FVP

H
) profile metrics. Two double constellation athlete monitoring systems (STATSports Apex, Catapult Vector S7) and one timing gate system were compared with a radar gun for the computation of FVP

H
metrics. Intersystem validity was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Pearson's correlation coefficients (R

2
), and Bland-Altman plots with absolute and percent agreement. Intrasystem reliability was assessed with agreement bias and ICC. STATSports demonstrated moderate agreement for F
0, P
max, τ, and D
rf (8.62, 6.46, -9.81, and 9.96%, respectively) and good agreement for V
0 and MSS (−2.18 and −1.62%). Catapult displayed good agreement across all metrics (F
0, V
0, P
max, MSS, τ, and D
rf: −0.96, −0.89, −1.85, −0.84, 0.38, and −0.27%, respectively). Timing gates demonstrated good agreement with V
0 and MSS (−2.62 and −1.71%) and poor agreement with F
0, P
max, τ, and D
rf (19.17, 16.64, −20.49, and 20.18%, respectively). Intrasystem reliability demonstrated good agreement (<2% bias) with very large to near-perfect ICC (0.84–0.99) for Catapult and STATSports systems. Overall, GPS/GNSS 10 Hz technology is reliable across devices and can provide moderate-to-good accuracy of FVP

H
metrics in single maximal effort sprints. However, Catapult provided better agreement for more FVP

H
metrics than STATSports, which may be related to differences in proprietary algorithms. Also, modeling timing gate data using current FVP

H
profiling techniques results in poor bias that requires greater investigation. GPS/GNSS data can be used for FVP

H
profiling, which could inform performance and rehabilitation processes.