bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon black/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene composite material incorporated with silver nanoparticles: A new sensitive and cost‐effective electrochemical platform for trace lead detection in seawater samples
Authors: do Nascimento Suéllen F. L. , de Faria Lucas V. , da S. Cabral Taíssa , P. Lisboa Thalles , de S. Borges Pedro H. , Nossol Edson , S. Semaan Felipe , Dornellas Rafael M. , Pacheco Wagner F.
Published: December 2023

A novel composite material based on acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) and carbon black (CB) was proposed here. Different ratios between CB and ABS (40 : 60–60 : 40 %, w/w) were studied to obtain a substrate with improved electrochemical properties. These materials were characterized by techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopies and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Under the CB/ABS substrate (50 : 50 %, w/w), a lower charge transfer resistance (854 Ω) and a higher heterogeneous electron transfer constant (K0=1.551×10−3 cm s−1) were found, indicating a kinetically more favorable reaction. To improve the electroanalytical performance of the CB/ABS electrode (50 : 50 %, w/w), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were electrodeposited using recycled silver from photographic waste, whose presence was confirmed by SEM imaging and Raman spectra. A method using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) and Pb2+ as model species was developed, where a wider linear working range (4.0 to 40.0 μg L−1) and lower detection limit (0.4 μg L−1) were achieved for the modified electrode. The electrode modification process was highly reproducible (RSD=9.7 %, n=9, inter‐electrode), with precise electrochemical responses (RSD=3.6 %, n=9, intra‐electrode). The applicability was demonstrated in two seawater samples, where recovery levels between 94 and 106 %, as well as statistically similar results to those obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy, attested to the reliability of the analysis. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that an appropriate selectivity was achieved even in the presence of other metallic species. The proposed composite material is low‐cost, robust, versatile, and can be a promising tool for additive manufacturing of electrochemical sensors.
Site‐specific response spectra developed by considering near‐fault motion with finite‐fault simulation in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Jyun‐Yan , Chao Shu‐Hsien , Lin Che‐Min , Chou Chung‐Che , Loh Chin‐Hsiung , Wu Chiun‐Lin
Published: December 2023

A new methodology is proposed for developing a scenario‐based site‐specific response spectrum (RS) considering near‐fault effects in Taiwan. First, source parameters, together with reference rock site conditions, are defined according to the available geological and geophysical information at a target site close to a potential active fault in northern Taiwan. Secondly, the scenario‐based response spectrum for a reference rock site condition is developed theoretically through an empirical approach by using a ground motion prediction equation (GMPE). The effect of the pulse period and the occurrence probability of near‐fault pulse‐like ground motion on RS is evaluated by using the ground motion simulation (GMS) technique, in which the stochastic finite‐fault simulation method is validated and applied for evaluating velocity pulse. Third, site‐specific site amplification is incorporated into RS through a site transfer function calculated from the measured horizontal‐to‐vertical Fourier spectral ratio through the microtremor (MHVR) of the target site. Finally, the design spectrum of the target site is compared with the derived site‐specific RS to evaluate the impact of the neighbor fault on the structure of the target site.
A wellbore fluid performance parameters–temperature–pressure coupling prediction model during the managed pressure cementing injection stage
Authors: Liu Jinlu , Li Jun , Yang Hongwei , Li Hui , Liu Gonghui
Published: December 2023

Managed pressure cementing (MPC) is a new technology based on managed pressure drilling, which has a greater advantage in facing narrow density window formations. However, the existing pressure prediction models during MPC injection stage consider fewer factors and have lower accuracy. To this end, combined with the characteristics of the injection stage, a predictive model of the distribution of annular fluid type was first proposed. Then, based on the experimental results, fluid density and rheology as a function of temperature and pressure were fitted. The governing equation of temperature‐pressure field was established. Eventually the fluid performance parameters–temperature–pressure coupling prediction model was developed in this paper. By comparing the predicted pump pressure with the measured pump pressure, the maximum relative error is not more than 10%. Using this model, the fluid type distribution, temperature field distribution, and pressure field distribution were investigated. The results indicated that the distribution of fluid types in the wellbore presented a complex variation, with up to 10 fluids in the casing and up to five fluids in the annulus. The trend of temperature field is complex, with three turning points. The larger the formation temperature gradient, the higher the fluid temperature in the annulus. The influence law of fluid heat conduction coefficient is reversed at 6750 m. Decreasing drilling fluid density will trigger gas channeling, while increasing drilling fluid density will increase the risk of fracturing formation, and safe operation can be realized by MPC. The variation of the static pressure in the casing is more complicated than in the annulus and the annular circulation pressure in the eccentric casing is smaller than that of the concentric casing, which is due to the smaller annular friction pressure. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the prediction of hydrodynamic parameters during the MPC injection stage.
Early detection of white matter hyperintensities usingSHIVA‐WMHdetector
Authors: Tsuchida Ami , Boutinaud Philippe , Verrecchia Violaine , Tzourio Christophe , Debette Stéphanie , Joliot Marc
Published: December 2023

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are well‐established markers of cerebral small vessel disease, and are associated with an increased risk of stroke, dementia, and mortality. Although their prevalence increases with age, small and punctate WMHs have been reported with surprisingly high frequency even in young, neurologically asymptomatic adults. However, most automated methods to segment WMH published to date are not optimized for detecting small and sparse WMH. Here we present the SHIVA‐WMH tool, a deep‐learning (DL)‐based automatic WMH segmentation tool that has been trained with manual segmentations of WMH in a wide range of WMH severity. We show that it is able to detect WMH with high efficiency in subjects with only small punctate WMH as well as in subjects with large WMHs (i.e., with confluency) in evaluation datasets from three distinct databases: magnetic resonance imaging‐Share consisting of young university students, MICCAI 2017 WMH challenge dataset consisting of older patients from memory clinics, and UK Biobank with community‐dwelling middle‐aged and older adults. Across these three cohorts with a wide‐ranging WMH load, our tool achieved voxel‐level and individual lesion cluster‐level Dice scores of 0.66 and 0.71, respectively, which were higher than for three reference tools tested: the lesion prediction algorithm implemented in the lesion segmentation toolbox (LPA: Schmidt), PGS tool, a DL‐based algorithm and the current winner of the MICCAI 2017 WMH challenge (Park et al.), and HyperMapper tool (Mojiri Forooshani et al.), another DL‐based method with high reported performance in subjects with mild WMH burden. Our tool is publicly and openly available to the research community to facilitate investigations of WMH across a wide range of severity in other cohorts, and to contribute to our understanding of the emergence and progression of WMH.
Impacted spike frequency adaptation associated with reduction of KCNQ2/3 exacerbates seizure activity in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Jiang Shicheng , Liu Bei , Lin Kaiwen , Li Lianjun , Li Rongrong , Tan Shuo , Zhang Xinyu , Jiang Lei , Ni Hong , Wang Yuanyuan , Ding Haihu , Hu Jing , Qian Hao , Ge Rongjing
Published: December 2023

Numerous epilepsy‐related genes have been identified in recent decades by unbiased genome‐wide screens. However, the available druggable targets for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) remain limited. Furthermore, a substantial pool of candidate genes potentially applicable to TLE therapy awaits further validation. In this study, we reveal the significant role of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3, two M‐type potassium channel genes, in the onset of seizures in TLE. Our investigation began with a quantitative analysis of two publicly available TLE patient databases to establish a correlation between seizure onset and the downregulated expression of KCNQ2/3. We then replicated these pathological changes in a pilocarpine seizure mouse model and observed a decrease in spike frequency adaptation due to the affected M‐currents in dentate gyrus granule neurons. In addition, we performed a small‐scale simulation of the dentate gyrus network and confirmed that the impaired spike frequency adaptation of granule cells facilitated epileptiform activity throughout the network. This, in turn, resulted in prolonged seizure duration and reduced interictal intervals. Our findings shed light on an underlying mechanism contributing to ictogenesis in the TLE hippocampus and suggest a promising target for the development of antiepileptic drugs.
Investigating consumer stated preferences for orange juice: The influence of behavioral traits
Authors: Orivri Glory E. , Kassas Bachir , Lai John , House Lisa , Nayga Rodolfo M.
Published: December 2023

This study aims to investigate consumer acceptance of gene‐edited orange juice, focusing on the influence of behavioral traits. Specifically, we conducted an online survey of US orange juice consumers, using a choice experiment to elicit consumers' preferences for gene editing (GE) versus gene modification (GM) in orange juice. We find that consumers require a significantly larger discount for GM than for GE, and this preference for GE is influenced by multiple behavioral traits. We used a latent cla4ss approach to further analyze choice behavior among consumer segments. Findings indicate significant heterogeneity in preferences across consumer segments, which can be explained by behavioral traits and individual‐specific characteristics.
Correlation between membrane proteins and sizes of extracellular vesicles and particles: A potential signature for cancer diagnosis
Authors: Zhai Chunhui , Xie Feng , Xu Jiaying , Yang Yuting , Zheng Weiqiang , Hu Haiyan , Ding Xianting , Yu Hui
Published: December 2023

Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are recognized as ideal liquid biopsy tools for cancer detection, and membrane proteins are commonly used EVP biomarkers. However, bulk analysis of EVP membrane protein biomarkers typically fails to meet the clinical requirement for diagnostic accuracy. We investigated the correlation between the membrane protein expression level, the binding kinetics to aptamers and the sizes of EVPs with interferometric plasmonic microscopy (iPM), and demonstrated the implementation of the correlative signature to determine cancer types. Using EVPs collected from both cell model and clinical plasma samples with liver, lung, breast, or prostate cancer, we found that the selective set of membrane protein expression levels of five protein markers and their binding kinetics were highly heterogeneous across various sizes of EVPs, resulting in the low overall accuracy (<50%) in cancer classification with bulk analysis of all populations. By grouping the EVPs into three subpopulations according to their sizes, the overall accuracy could be increased to about 70%. We further grouped the EVPs into subpopulations with a 10 nm interval in sizes and analysed the correlation between the membrane proteins and sizes with a machine learning algorithm. The results show that the overall accuracy to discriminate cancer types could be improved to 85%. Therefore, this work highlights the significance of size‐dependent subtyping of EVPs and suggests that the correlation between the selective set of membrane proteins and sizes of EVP can serve as a signature for clinical cancer diagnosis.
Single‐particle analysis of circulating bacterial extracellular vesicles reveals their biogenesis, changes in blood and links to intestinal barrier
Authors: Ou Zihao , Situ Bo , Huang Xinyue , Xue Yicong , He Xiaojing , Li Qianbei , Ou Dejin , He Bairong , Chen Jing , Huang Yiyao , Deng Lulu , Zhang Minying , Wang Qian , Zheng Lei
Published: December 2023

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nano‐size particles secreted by bacteria that carry various bioactive components. These vesicles are thought to provide a new window into the mechanisms by which bacteria affect their hosts, but their fundamental proprieties within human remain poorly understood. Here, we developed a single‐vesicle analytical platform that enabled BEV detection in complex biological samples of host. Using this platform, we found the presence of BEVs in the host circulation and they were mainly derived from gut microbes. We showed that the levels of circulating BEVs in humans significantly increased with aging due to an age‐related increase in intestinal permeability. Significantly different levels of BEVs in blood were also found in patients with colorectal cancer and colitis. Together, our study provides new insights into circulating BEV biology and reveals their potential as a new class of biomarkers.
Psychosocial issues and coping strategies in families affected by long‐chain fatty acid oxidation disorders
Authors: Thiel Maren , Garbade Sven F. , Rosenbaum‐Fabian Stefanie , Spiekerkoetter Ute , Grünert Sarah C.
Published: December 2023

Long‐chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (lcFAODs) are associated with a high disease burden due to both the risk of metabolic decompensation as well as chronic, partly irreversible complications in some. Little research has been performed on the impact of these disorders on the daily life of parents and caregivers. We performed a web‐based questionnaire study among parents/caregivers of patients affected with lcFAODs. The questionnaire focused on challenges at different ages of the child, on disease management issues, schooling, family and social life as well as the parental job situation, and their overall attitude toward the disease and the future life of their child. Data were collected from parents/caregivers of 63 patients (87 respondents, 63% mothers, 36% fathers) with lcFAODs (median age of patients 8.0 years, range 0–25 years, long‐chain 3‐hydrocyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency 40%, mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency 14%, very long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency 41%, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 deficiency 5%). The overall disease burden of parents was considered highest during infancy and decreased with increasing age of their child. More than one third of parents were afraid that their child's disease might have an impact on his/her career choice and adult life. Negative effects of the child's disease on the job situation and career development were more commonly reported by mothers compared to fathers. Although the majority of parents considered their child's metabolic disorder a severe disease, most parents had a positive attitude toward their child's disease and seemed to cope well with their situation.
Unraveling green personal care: Exploring the shift in consumer values and stages of change toward green consumption
Authors: Szaban Marta , Szymkowiak Andrzej , Caniëls Marjolein C. J.
Published: December 2023

The personal care market has seen a significant increase in environmentally‐conscious or “green” products, driven by a heightened sensitivity to environmental issues. In this study, we broaden the scope of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by including constructs related to health consciousness (HC), concern with personal appearance (CPA), and environmental product value (EPV). Our research explores the complex relationship between purchase intention (PI) and the various stages of change (SOC) associated with the consumption of products in the green category. The investigation examines the unique factors that combine attitudes and intentions while simultaneously analyzing the socio‐demographic influences on the progressive stages of behavioral change. By employing techniques such as structural equation modeling and variance analysis on an extensive dataset collected from 679 participants, our findings reveal a positive correlation between PI and the SOC. Notably, aspects of HC, CPA, and the EPV significantly influence attitudes toward green personal care products (GPCPs). The conclusions drawn from this study resonate with deep theoretical implications and simultaneously provide a substantial and practical framework for commercial enterprises.
Understanding the impact of trade policy effect uncertainty on firm‐level innovation investment
Authors: Chen Daniel , Hu Nan , Liang Peng , Swink Morgan
Published: December 2023

Drawing on real options and resource dependence theories, this study examines how firms adjust their innovation investments to address trade policy effect uncertainty (TPEU), a type of firm‐specific, perceived environmental uncertainty capturing managers' difficulty in predicting the impacts of potential policy changes on business operations. To develop a context‐dependent, time‐varying measure of TPEU, we apply bidirectional encoder representations from transformers, an advanced deep learning technique. We analyze the texts of mandatory management discussion and analysis sections of annual reports from 3181 publicly listed Chinese firms. Our sample comprises 22,669 firm‐year observations spanning the years 2007 to 2019. The econometric analyses show that firms experiencing higher TPEU will reduce innovation investments. This effect is stronger for firms facing lower competition, involving more foreign sales, and not owned by the state. These findings provide clarity on previously inconclusive results by showcasing the significant influence of policy effect uncertainty, as opposed to policy state uncertainty, on firms' decisions regarding innovation investments. Additionally, these findings underscore the importance of resource dependence factors as crucial contextual factors in this decision‐making process.
Waveguide‐based Raman enhancement strategies
Authors: Zhao Junyi , Cao Xiumian , Xu Weiqing , Xu Shuping
Published: December 2023

Waveguide‐enhanced Raman scattering (WERS) is a powerful branch of enhanced Raman technologies that has gained significant progress in recent years because of its advantages, such as reproducibility and robustness. As a complementary tool to surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), WERS provides a powerful solution for reproducible quantification of analytes. According to different Raman enhancement mechanisms, five major WERS implementation strategies, namely, (1) single‐mode dielectric waveguide, (2) liquid core waveguide, (3) metal cladding waveguide, (4) resonance mirror waveguide, and (5) double metal cladding waveguide, are classified and described in detail in this review. The flexibility of WERS structures makes them easy to be integrated with 2D devices to obtain a complete on‐chip detection scheme, allowing the WERS chip to combine excitation, detection, and data analysis in integrated chips, providing a powerful prospect for real‐time and on‐site analysis of target samples. This article highlights the principles, implementations, and application scenarios of WERS techniques and evaluates their advantages and limitations, respectively. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of WERS techniques are summarized, and promising future applications are proposed. This review provides a panoramic view for researchers interested in waveguide‐enhanced Raman technology.
Multidimensional Ultrasound Evaluation of Diastasis Recti Abdominis During Different Gestational Periods
Authors: Guo Xiao‐Han , Wang Hua , Chen Sheng‐Jiang , Xie Yu‐Juan , Liu Rui‐Rui
Published: December 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study is to explore the application value of two‐dimensional ultrasound and shear wave elastography (SWE) in the multidimensional evaluation of diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) during different gestational periods.

Methods

A cohort of 202 gravidas that were examined in our hospital between June 2021 and September 2022 were selected for the purpose of the study, which included 26 cases with <14 weeks of pregnancy, 36 cases in the 14th–27th week of pregnancy, 36 cases in the 28th–34th week of pregnancy, 32 cases in the 35th–38th week of pregnancy, 45 cases at 42 days postpartum, and 27 cases at 3 months postpartum. The inter‐rectus distance (IRD) and the thickness in each gestational period were measured, and Young's modulus of the rectus abdominis at different gestational periods was measured using SWE by two sonographers. The differences in IRD, thickness, and elasticity characteristics during different periods, and the correlation between rectus abdominis elasticity and IRD, thickness, body mass index (BMI), neonatal weight, and delivery mode were analyzed and compared. The consistency of SWE parameters obtained by different sonographers was also compared.

Results

There were significant differences in IRD, thickness, and Young's modulus during different gestational periods (P = .000, P < .001, P < .001). Early postpartum IRD and Young's modulus did not restore to the level of early pregnancy (P < .001, P < .001), while the thickness of rectus abdominis was not significantly different from that of early pregnancy (P = .211). The Young's modulus of rectus abdominis was negatively correlated with the IRD (r = .515), positively correlated with the thickness of rectus abdominis (r = .408), and weakly negatively correlated with maternal BMI (r = −.296). There was no significant correlation with neonatal weight or delivery mode (P = .147, .648). The Bland–Altman plot showed that the two sonographers had good consistency in evaluating the elasticity of rectus abdominis by SWE.

Conclusion

The multidimensional evaluation of DRA by ultrasound is feasible and IRD and Young's modulus can be used to evaluate the postpartum recovery of DRA. The combination of the two can objectively reflect the severity of DRA morphology and function.
Associations Between Social Vulnerability Indicators and Pediatric Tonsillectomy Outcomes
Authors: Nieri Chad A. , Davies Camron , Luttrell Jordan B. , Sheyn Anthony
Published: December 2023

Objective

To investigate the impact of neighborhood‐level social vulnerability on pediatric tonsillectomy outcomes.

Methods

This single‐center retrospective cohort study included tonsillectomies performed on children aged 1 to 18 between August 2019 and August 2020. Geographic information systems were used to geocode addresses, and spatial overlays were used to assign census‐tract level social vulnerability index (SVI) scores to each patient. For categorical variables, two‐sided Pearson chi‐square tests were used, whereas for continuous variables, paired t‐tests, means, and standard deviations were calculated. SVI and its four subthemes were investigated using binomial logistic regressions to determine their impact on post‐T&A complications and readmissions.

Results

The study included 397 patients, with 52 having complications (13.1%) and 33 (8.3%) requiring readmissions due to their complications. Controlling for age, gender, race, insurance status, surgical indication, comorbidities, obesity, and obstructive sleep apnea, postoperative complications were associated with high overall SVI (odds ratio [OR] 5.086, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.128–22.938), high socioeconomic vulnerability (SVI theme 1, OR 6.003, 95% CI 1.270–28.385), and high house composition vulnerability (SVI theme 2, OR 6.340, 95% CI 1.275–31.525). Readmissions were also associated with high overall SVI (10.149, 95% CI 1.293–79.647) and high housing/transportation vulnerability (SVI theme 4, OR 5.657, 95% CI 1.089–29.396).

Conclusion

Social vulnerability at the neighborhood level is linked to poorer surgical outcomes in otherwise healthy children, suggesting a target for community‐based interventions. Because of the increased risk, it may have implications for preoperative decision‐making, treatment plans, and clinic follow‐ups.

Level of Evidence

3. Laryngoscope, 134:954–962, 2024
Ecological improvement of takyric solonetz in northern China using modified ridge cultivation with drip irrigation
Authors: Zhu Wendong , Kang Yaohu , Wan Shuqin , Li Xiaobin
Published: December 2023

Soil salinization is one of the most important forms of land degradation in drylands of the world. As a typical type of saline‐sodic soil, takyric solonetz seriously jeopardizes the living environment of the inhabitants with severe consequences for regional ecology, agriculture, and the aeolian dust dynamics. Improving the vegetation and ecology status of takyric solonetz is essential but challenging because of its extremely drought conditions with low saturated hydraulic conductivities (ks <0.1 mm/day). Here, we conducted a three‐year field experiment by three‐stage drip irrigation to regulate the water and salt levels of the soil and improved ridge cultivation through sand as a water dispersal media strip for takyric solonetz in northern China. Results showed that the planting ridge was desalted after 3‐year treatments of drip irrigation. The electrical conductivity of a saturated soil paste extract reduced from 21.28 and 13.38 to below 3.00 dS/m, indicating a decrease of 91.50% and 88.50% in the 0–40 cm and 0–120 cm soil layers, respectively. The pH of the soil paste extract decreased from 11.13 to 9.78 in the 0–120 cm soil layer. The survival rate of the willow saplings planted for a shelterbelt was 91.60%. The height, diameter at breast height, and ground diameter of the willow increased slowly to 84.60 cm, 1.20 mm, and 2.02 mm in the first 2 years, respectively, but increased rapidly to 121.90 cm, 7.48 mm, and 12.02 mm, respectively, in the third year. Our treatment also substantially changed the understory vegetation status, in terms of vegetation coverage (89%), number of species (18), and density (600 plant m−2). The dominant plant family in the vegetation community shifted from the Amaranthaceae to the Poaceae. This study provides and validates a new technology for ecological improvement of takyric solonetz, supporting a theoretical and practical approach for ecosystem and vegetation improvement in takyric solonetz in the future.
Impact of Swelling on Macroscopic and Nanoscopic Mechanical Properties of Amphiphilic Polymer Co‐Networks in Non‐Selective and Selective Solvents
Authors: Fribiczer Nora , Hagmann Kevin , Bunk Carolin , Böhme Frank , von Klitzing Regine , Seiffert Sebastian
Published: December 2023

Amphiphilic polymer gels show environmentally sensitive mechanical properties depending on the solvent polarity, which makes them useful for applications in soft contact lenses, membranes, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering. To rationally design the material properties for such applications, a sound knowledge about the mechanical properties at different solvency states is necessary. To acquire such knowledge, amphiphilic networks are prepared by hetero‐complementary coupling of amine‐terminated tetra‐poly(ethylene glycol) (t‐PEG‐NH2) with 2‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐benzoxazinone terminated tetra‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (t‐PCL‐Ox). The mechanical properties are investigated on different length‐scales and under non‐selective and selective solvent conditions using shear rheometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The swelling as well as the modulus in good solvent are in accord with scaling laws found for other four‐arm star‐shaped polymer networks and theoretical predictions. The swelling in selective solvent reveals a concentration‐independent volume swelling degree and a nearly linear scaling of the modulus with concentration. The surface topography probed by AFM reveals microphase‐separated structures in the range of 20 nm. Similar modulus values are obtained for bulk films in water using the complementary methods of atomic force microscopy and rheometry. The data are compared with pure hydrophilic networks to identify the effect of amphiphilicity on the material properties.
Infinitary logic with infinite sequents: syntactic investigations
Authors: Tesi Matteo
Published: December 2023

The present paper deals with a purely syntactic analysis of infinitary logic with infinite sequents. In particular, we discuss sequent calculi for classical and intuitionistic infinitary logic with good structural properties based on sequents possibly containing infinitely many formulas. A cut admissibility proof is proposed which employs a new strategy and a new inductive parameter. We conclude the paper by discussing related issues and possible themes for future research.
Brownmillerite Calcium Ferrite, a Promising Perovskite‐Related Material in the Degradation of a Tight Dye under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Noori Zahra , Malekzadeh Azim , Poater Jordi
Published: December 2023

Evaluation of effective and low‐cost materials as catalysts to combat the threat of pollution is a significant and growing trend. With this aim, we have synthesized calcium ferrite brownmillerite by wet preparation approach as a catalyst for pollution. The structural analysis is established by the X‐ray diffraction of Ca2Fe2O5, whereas the tetrahedral and octahedral sites band stretching for ferrite specimen has been deduced using FTIR. The bandgap energy has been estimated by the Tauc relation (2.17 eV). Ca2Fe2O5 brownmillerite exhibits a BET surface area of 10 m2/g and a BJH pore volume of 0.121 cm3/g with the average particle size of 70 nm. Importantly, the alizarin Red S dye degradation has been studied using the prepared ferrite catalyst, under dark ambient conditions and without the presence of any acidic or basic additives. Degradation is also supported by both FTIR and TOC analysis. Surface properties of brownmillerite Ca2Fe2O5 have been characterized using electronic spectroscopy and CO2 temperature programmed desorption (TPD) analysis and revealed that the basic surface of brownmillerite Ca2Fe2O5 offers active sites that are suitable for degradation processes. All results show that the preparation of brownmillerite Ca2Fe2O5 via the Pechini method is suitable to produce fine surfaces and pores with nanosized particles.
Acid‐suppressive drugs: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis of their nocturnal acid‐inhibitory effect
Authors: Zou Shupeng , Ouyang Mengling , Cheng Qian , Shi Xuan , Sun Minghui
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims

Acid‐suppressive drugs (ASDs) are widely used in many gastric acid‐associated diseases. Nocturnal acid breakthrough has been a common problem of many ASDs, such as proton‐pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2‐receptor antagonists (H2RAs). Potassium‐competitive acid blockers (P‐CABs) are expected to solve this continuing conundrum. This article examined major ASDs and compared them with placebo in terms of nocturnal acid‐inhibitory effects, using a network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods

To compare the effectiveness of major ASDs, a Bayesian network meta‐analysis (NMA) was applied to process data extracted from RCTs. The plausible ranking for each regimen and some subgroups were assessed by surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA).

Results

Fifty‐five RCTs were conducted with 2015 participants. In terms of nocturnal acid‐inhibitory effects, the overall results showed that tegoprazan (SUCRA 91.8%) and vonoprazan (SUCRA 91.0%) had the best performance, followed by new PPIs (including tenatoprazole and ilaprazole) (SUCRA 76.6%), additional H2RAs once at bedtime (AHB) (SUCRA 61.3%), isomer PPIs (including esomeprazole and dexlansoprazole) (SUCRA 38.6%), revaprazan (SUCRA 34.7%), traditional PPIs (including omeprazole, rabeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole) (SUCRA 32.6%), H2RAs (SUCRA 23.1%), and placebo (SUCRA 0.3%). In some subgroups, the nocturnal acid‐inhibitory effect of vonoprazan or tegoprazan was better than most of the other regimens, even new PPIs and AHB.

Conclusions

This is the first study to compare the effect of ASDs on inhibiting nocturnal acid breakthrough. Overall, in terms of nocturnal acid‐inhibitory effect, vonoprazan and tegoprazan had an advantage against other regimens including H2RAs, isomer PPIs, traditional PPIs, AHB, and new PPIs. Even in some subgroups, such as language classification (English), types of study design (crossover‐RCT), age (≤40 years), BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), continent (Asia and North America), disease status (health), the duration of therapy (2 weeks), and time of administration (at daytime or at night‐time), the nocturnal acid‐inhibitory effect of vonoprazan or tegoprazan were better than most regimens, even AHB and new PPIs.
Applications for CO2 lasers in the automotive industry
Authors: May Louise
Published: December 2023

Since the inception of the moving production line by Henry Ford in 1913, automotive manufacturers have continuously pursued process optimization to reduce costs and enhance profits by minimizing assembly times. In contemporary automotive production, automation is pervasive, and robots have become integral to manufacturing processes. To further improve efficiency and versatility, lasers have emerged as indispensable tools, supplanting conventional methods and offering numerous advantages in the automotive manufacturing landscape.
SMaC sets new standards in coating and surface finishing
Authors: Grolms Martin , Glushych Viktor
Published: December 2023

The Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT has developed SMaC, a coating process that combines extreme high‐speed laser material deposition (EHLA) and mechanical post‐machining in a single process. Thanks to SMaC, high‐strength coating materials can be applied quickly and efficiently, and simultaneously finished by machining.
Shining a light on innovation
Authors: Weise Sylvia , Walch Manuel , Senninger Hermann
Published: December 2023

The automotive industry has undergone a revolution in lighting as LED technology has enabled new design opportunities, more brightness, and new imaginative effects. More of everything is possible, with the added advantages of greater resolution, enhanced control, and – at the cutting edge of design – ultrathin and 2.5D‐formable units that enable the impression of ‘light out of nowhere’.
See the light
Authors: Friedl Florian , Ghezzi Luigi
Published: December 2023

Many features in today's modern cars are designed to support drivers on their journeys all over the world. Working in the background and invisible to most, some of these hidden components provide us with increased comfort and safety no matter what the driving conditions are like.
Novel extended Kalman filter + H∞$$ {\mathbf{H}}_{\infty } $$ optimal output feedback control configuration for small satellites with high pointing stability requirements
Authors: Pecorilla Manuel , Stesina Fabrizio
Published: December 2023

One of the most challenging subsystems for the CubeSats is the attitude determination and control system (ADCS) because it involves hardware and software integration, advanced strategies and algorithms to determine and control the attitude that impacts on space maneuvering and well working of a large set of payload (e.g., the optical payload). Although ADCS is largely studied, it still requires further investigations and analysis in order to achieve high‐performance and a reduced efforts. This paper presents an effective and reliable solution for the ADCS of CubeSats involved in Earth observation missions. The solution is based on an innovative framework that leverages the strengths of two distinct methodologies—H‐infinity optimal output feedback control and the extended Kalman filter (EKF)‐to significantly enhance the pointing stability of satellite systems. While H‐infinity optimal output feedback control is traditionally associated with partial state knowledge, we intentionally extend its application to scenarios with complete state information. The study includes a comparative performance analysis involving three algorithm configurations: the classic combination of EKF and model predictive control (MPC), the utilization of H‐infinity optimal output feedback control without EKF, and our proposed integrated approach. Performance evaluations are based on extrinsic indicators, demonstrating the advantages of our method in terms of pointing stability and overall control system performance. This research underscore the significance of combining innovative thinking with well‐established methodologies, unlocking new possibilities for stability enhancement in a range of engineering applications.
The Mechanism and Application of Computer-Assisted Full Facial Skin Imaging Systems
Authors: Zhang Yue , Pan Ruoxin , Gu Duoduo , Meng Xiaoqi , Liu Tingwei , Xu Yang
Published: December 2023

Computer-assisted full facial imaging systems are currently among the most widely used skin analysis instruments in dermatology and medical cosmetology. These systems offer objective quantitative evaluation of facial skin conditions, and as they are non-invasive, play an important role in assessing dermatological conditions such as pigmentation, inflammation, vascular diseases, skin texture, the severity of ageing, and therapeutic follow-up. Although computer-assisted full facial imaging systems enable quantitative analysis in the scope of medical treatment and cosmetic evaluation, their results may considerably vary because of the influence of environmental and postural factors for improper operation. Furthermore, manual observation is sometimes necessary for experimental work for more accuracy, and familiarity with the imaging principles and application points is necessary to best apply this technique. This report aims to discuss and interpret these systems' imaging mechanisms and explore the primary issues with their application.
Mechanism and Thermochemistry of Radical Driven Partial Chain Oxidation of p‐Benzylphenol
Authors: Poskrebyshev Gregory A.
Published: December 2023

The thermochemistry of radical driven chain oxidation of gaseous p‐benzylphenol is studied using the DFT (M062X,B3LYP,wB97XD,M08HX,MN15) approaches at 6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory. The values of ΔfHo(Y,MEAN) or ΔfHo(Yi,MEAN)RHp, used for the determination of ΔRxHo of considered reactions, are derived from the intersections of 3SEi intervals of values of ΔfHo(Yi,CORR) or ΔfHo(Yi,CORR)RHp, determined, respectively, using the corrected thermochemistry of atomization (ra) or homodesmotic (RHp) reactions. The linear calibration dependencies are used for the correction of their values of ΔraHo(Yi) and ΔRHpHo(Yi), derived from the calculated values of Ho.

According to calculations, the most thermochemically favorable product is benzophenone,4‐ol (ΔfHo298.15(benzophenone,4‐ol)=−126.0±7.6(±2σ) kJ/mol), while, the formation of PhCHPhO (ΔfHo298.15=151.3±7.8 kJ/mol) and PhC(OH)PhO (ΔfHo298.15=39.6±6.5 kJ/mol) is thermochemically unfavorable. The formation of benzophenone,4‐ol is due the tautomerization or dissociation of O−O bond of PhC(O2•)HPhOH (ΔfHo298.15=47.9±4.8 kJ/mol), produced, respectively, OH or PhC(O•)HPhOH (ΔfHo298.15=53.0±7.1 kJ/mol) radicals. However, the formation of PhC(O2•)HPhOH is exoergic only at T<500 K.

The formation of PhC(O2H)HPhOH (ΔfHo298.15=−104.2±5.9 kJ/mol) and PhC(OH)HPhOH (ΔfHo298.15=−177.8±5.3 kJ/mol) via transfer of H atom from p‐benzylphenol is also thermochemically favorable, but can only be important, respectively, at low (T<800 K) and at high T. In addition, the tautomerization of PhC(O⋅)HPhOH to PhC⋅ (OH)PhOH (ΔfHo298.15=−61.0±1.3 kJ/mol) is thermochemically favorable and slightly depends upon T.
A Comparative Study of Mixed Phosphate‐Pyrophosphate Materials for Aqueous and Non‐Aqueous Na‐ion Batteries
Authors: Gečė Gintarė , Zarrabeitia Maider , Pilipavičius Jurgis , Passerini Stefano , Vilčiauskas Linas
Published: December 2023

Na‐ion batteries based on abundant and sustainable materials might become one of the leading alternative technologies especially suitable for large‐scale stationary storage. Various (mixed)phosphate framework materials are attracting much interest mainly due to their high structural stability and diversity. In this study, we report on the successful synthesis of mixed phosphate‐pyrophosphate Na7V4(PO4)(P2O7)4, Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7, and Na4Mn3(PO4)2P2O7. The electrochemical properties of these materials are comprehensively characterized in different organic and aqueous electrolytes. The findings reveal that Na7V4(PO4)(P2O7)4 and Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 exhibit very good cycling performance and rate capability in organic solvent‐based electrolytes. However, their performance deteriorates significantly even in ‘water‐in‐salt’ aqueous electrolytes due to the rapid electrochemical degradation. Na4Mn3(PO4)2P2O7 demonstrates limited electrochemical activity in organic electrolytes and virtually no activity in ‘water‐in‐salt’ electrolytes, likely due to degradation processes resulting in blocking interphasial layers on electrode particles. These results underscore the need for further research to optimize the performance of these materials and identify potential strategies for enhancing their stability and activity in different electrolytes.
Biofunctional Inorganic Layered Double Hydroxide Nanohybrid Enhances Immunotherapeutic Effect on Atopic Dermatitis Treatment
Authors: Byun Min Ji , Seo Hee Seung , Lee Joonghak , Ban Kitae , Oh Serim , Lee Yun Young , Lim Jaesung , Lee Na Kyeong , Wang Chi‐Pin James , Kim Minjeong , Han Jun‐Hyeok , Park Juwon , Paik Taejong , Park Hee Ho , Park Tae‐Eun , Park Wooram , Kim Se‐Na , Park Dae‐Hwan , Park Chun Gwon
Published: December 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a widespread, recurrent, and chronic inflammatory skin condition that imposes a major burden on patients. Conventional treatments, such as corticosteroids, are associated with various side effects, underscoring the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. In this study, the possibility of using indole‐3‐acetic acid‐loaded layered double hydroxides (IAA‐LDHs) is evaluated as a novel treatment for AD. IAA is an auxin‐class plant hormone with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects. Following the synthesis of IAA‐LDH nanohybrids, their ability to induce M2‐like macrophage polarization in macrophages obtained from mouse bone marrow is assessed. The antioxidant activity of IAA‐LDH is quantified by assessing the decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. The anti‐inflammatory and anti‐atopic characteristics of IAA‐LDH are evaluated in a mouse model of AD by examining the cutaneous tissues, immunological organs, and cells. The findings suggest that IAA‐LDH has great therapeutic potential as a candidate for AD treatment based on its in vitro and in vivo modulation of AD immunology, enhancement of macrophage polarization, and antioxidant activity. This inorganic drug delivery technology represents a promising new avenue for the development of safe and effective AD treatments.
A Brief Overview of Silicon Nanoparticles as Anode Material: A Transition from Lithium‐Ion to Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fereydooni Alireza , Yue Chenghao , Chao Yimin
Published: December 2023

The successful utilization of silicon nanoparticles (Si‐NPs) to enhance the performance of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) has demonstrated their potential as high‐capacity anode materials for next‐generation LIBs. Additionally, the availability and relatively low cost of sodium resources have a significant influence on developing Na‐ion batteries (SIBs). Despite the unique properties of Si‐NPs as SIBs anode material, limited study has been conducted on their application in these batteries. However, the knowledge gained from using Si‐NPs in LIBs can be applied to develop Si‐based anodes in SIBs by employing similar strategies to overcome their drawbacks. In this review, a brief history of Si‐NPs' usage in LIBs is provided and discuss the strategies employed to overcome the challenges, aiming to inspire and offer valuable insights to guide future research endeavors.
Estimation of the ROC curve and the area under it with complex survey data
Authors: Iparragirre Amaia , Barrio Irantzu , Arostegui Inmaculada
Published: December 2023

Logistic regression models are widely applied in daily practice. Hence, it is necessary to ensure they have an adequate predictive performance, which is usually estimated by means of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under it (area under the curve [AUC]). Traditional estimators of these parameters are thought to be applied to simple random samples but are not appropriate for complex survey data. The goal of this work is to propose new weighted estimators for the ROC curve and AUC based on sampling weights which, in the context of complex survey data, indicate the number of units that each sampled observation represents in the population. The behaviour of the proposed estimators is evaluated and compared with the traditional unweighted ones by means of a simulation study. Finally, weighted and unweighted ROC curve and AUC estimators are applied to real survey data in order to compare the estimates in a real scenario. The results suggest the use of the weighted estimators proposed in this work in order to obtain unbiassed estimates for the ROC curve and AUC of logistic regression models fitted to complex survey data.
Experimental investigations of the bond strength between iron tailing concrete and steel bars
Authors: Chen Ruoyu , Duan Yajing , Yang Mingjing , Sun Jianheng
Published: December 2023

Fly ash, river sand, and ordinary gravel, which are used in concrete as the admixture, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate, respectively, were replaced by iron tailing powder, sand, and gravel. The influence of the iron tailings on the bond properties between concrete and steel bar was studied by conducting pull‐out tests on 16 groups and 48 specimens. At a curing age of 90 days, the splitting tensile strength of the iron tailing powder concrete (ITPC) for strength grades C25 and C30 was the lowest and was only 71.8% and 66.6% of the splitting tensile strength for the corresponding strength grade of conventional concrete (CC). The lower splitting tensile strength of ITPC caused the bond strength between the concrete and steel bar to be lower than that between the CC and steel bar, with a maximum difference of 14.67%. The bond strength between the iron tailing powder–sand concrete (ITPSC) and steel bar was slightly worse than that between the CC and steel bar, with a maximum difference of 6.88%, and better than that between the ITPC and steel bar. The bond strength between the full iron tailing concrete and steel bar was better than those between the CC and steel bar and between the ITPSC and steel bar. In addition, the bond slip characteristics were investigated.