bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subfertile Chinese patients with diminished ovarian reserve: An analysis of pregnancy outcomes of ART cycles
Authors: Wang Zeng-Yan , Huang Shu-Xing , Yang Jing-Di , Li Dan-Ping , Xu Yan-Wen
Published: January 2023

Objective: To analyze the pregnancy outcomes of patients presenting with infertility solely due to diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and treated by assisted reproductive technology (ART), including artificial insemination by husband (AIH) and in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Methods: This was a retrospective study of subfertile patients due to DOR attending the Center for Reproductive Medicine in Guangzhou, China, between January 2010 and October 2015. Patients were assigned into either the AIH or IVF group. Within each group, these patients were further subgrouped based on their serum basal follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH) level (10 ≤ bFSH ≤ 12IU/L and bFSH > 12IU/L) and age (20–30, 31–35, 36–40, and 41–45 years). The live birth rates were compared among these groups and subgroups.

Results: A total of 1,003 patients with a median age of 38.91 (21–45) years were enrolled in the study. The live birth rate following AIH was 5.61% (25/446), which was significantly lower than that following IVF (25.13%; 140/557). In the subgroup analysis, the cumulative live birth rates in AIH group were significantly lower than those in the IVF groups (in the 10–12 IU/L bFSH subgroup, 13.74% vs. 41.13% (P<0.05) for patients aged ≤35 years, and 4.82% vs. 19.77% (P<0.05) for patients aged >35 years; in the >12 IU/L bFSH subgroup, 9.52% vs. 29.91% (P<0.05) for patients aged ≤35 years, and 5.71% vs. 20.55% (P<0.05) for patients aged >35 years). Longitudinal analysis showed that majority of live births, in AIH or IVF groups, were achieved in the first two cycles.

Conclusions: In subfertile women with DOR, live birth rates following AIH were significantly lower than IVF, especially for the aged women. Considering the low efficacy of AIH and that majority of live births were achieved in the first two cycles, we suggest no more than two AIH treatment attempts for the aged women with DOR.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6226

How to cite this: Wang ZY, Huang SX, Yang JD, Li DP, Xu YW. Subfertile Chinese patients with diminished ovarian reserve: An analysis of pregnancy outcomes of ART cycles. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6226

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Defining the role of the antineoplastic drug bleomycin based on toxicogenomic-DNA damage inducing (TGx-DDI) genomic biomarkers data: A meta-analysis using next-generation knowledge discovery method
Authors: Pushparaj Peter Natesan , Rasool Mahmood , Naseer Muhammad Imran , Gauthaman Kalamegam
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Accurately identifying the cellular, biomolecular, and toxicological functions of anticancer drugs help to decipher the potential risk of genotoxicity and other side effects. Here, we examined bleomycin for cellular, molecular and toxicological mechanisms using next-generation knowledge discovery (NGKD) tools.

Methods: This study was conducted at the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in October 2022. We first analyzed the raw Toxicogenomic and DNA damage-inducing (TGx-DDI) gene expression data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (GSE196373) of TK6 cells treated with 10 µM bleomycin and TK6 cells treated with DMSO for four hours using the GEO2R tool based on the Linear Models for Microarray Analysis (limma) R packages to derive the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, iPathwayGuide was used to determine differentially regulated signaling pathways, biological processes, cellular, molecular functions and upstream regulators (genes and miRNAs).

Results: Bleomycin differently regulates the p53 pathway, transcriptional dysregulation in cancer, FOXO pathway, viral carcinogenesis, and cancer pathways. The biological processes such as p53 class mediator signaling, intrinsic apoptotic signaling, DNA damage response, and DNA damage-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling and molecular functions like ubiquitin protein transferase and p53 binding were differentially regulated by bleomycin. iPathwayGuide analysis showed that the p53 and its regulatory gene and microRNA networks induced by bleomycin.

Conclusion: Analysis of TGx-DDI data of bleomycin using NGKD tools provided information about toxicogenomics and other mechanisms. Integration of all “omics” based approaches is crucial for the development of translatable biomarkers for evaluating anticancer drugs for safety and efficacy.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7321

How to cite this: Pushparaj PN, Rasool M, Naseer MI, Gauthaman K. Defining the role of the antineoplastic drug bleomycin based on toxicogenomic-DNA damage inducing (TGx-DDI) genomic biomarkers data: A meta-analysis using next-generation knowledge discovery method. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7321

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A scoping and web-based review of current practices and lessons learnt in development and sustainability of global health emergency medicine fellowships
Authors: Khan Haniya , McKnight Alex , Gamble Kathleen , Puchalski Ritchie Lisa M
Published: January 2023

Background: Despite significant interest in advanced global health training among Canadian emergency medicine trainees, only one global health emergency medicine (GHEM) fellowship existed in Canada at the time of this review. We conducted a scoping and web-based review to summarize the components of, and lessons learnt through development and implementation of global health emergency medicine fellowship programs to date, to inform program development.

Methods: We conducted a scoping and web-based review by systematically searching electronic databases from inception to 2021 for articles and websites (2022) describing global health emergency medicine training programs based in high income countries.

Results: From 2957 articles and 62 websites identified, eight articles and 43 websites were included in the review. Fellowships are generally structured as follows: 1–2 years duration curriculum including clinical skills, and course and field work focused on education, research or administration, funded by fellows’ clinical hours. Details on trainees’ experiences, international work, and program outcomes were lacking.

Conclusions: This review highlights the need for information on lessons learnt through development and implementation of GHEM fellowship programs, and experiences and outcomes of trainees to date, to inform program improvements to optimize the benefits of GHEM fellowship training.

Registration: Open science framework; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UAH35 February 19th, 2018.
Oppidum. The meaning of the term and the role of the urban centre in the structure of the settlement network of Silesia
Authors: Kosieradzka Angelika , Ludwig Bogna
Published: January 2023

This article attempts to clarify the meaning of the term oppidum used in Silesian documents. Certain aspects of the urban structure of that period have been illuminated by analysing the different senses of the term as applied in the 13th and 14th century chancellery writings. The research was conducted on the example of Silesia on the basis of available archival sources. They have shown that the term underwent semantic changes over the two centuries, which reflected in a significant way the transformations of the settlement network.
Pamiętnik Zjazdu
Authors: Dubas Elżbieta
Published: January 2023

W dniach 27–28 czerwca 2022 r. w Łodzi odbył się IV Ogólnopolski Zjazd Andragogiczny „Edukacja dorosłych – w stronę zrównoważonego rozwoju”. W tekście zostały omówione założenia Zjazdu i jego przebieg. Zawiera on także refleksje zbudowane wokół tego wydarzenia oraz wystąpień uczestników Zjazdu, tj. bardzo dobre „czytanie” współczesności przez polskich andragogów, praktykowanie edukacji przez całe życie w codzienności jako fakt i ważny temat badań andragogicznych, aktualność pytań egzystencjalnych w badaniach andragogicznych
Wpływ mediów społecznościowych na poziom kompetencji cyfrowych polskich internautów
Authors: Jatkiewicz Przemysław , Cholewiński Piotr
Published: January 2023

Artykuł zawiera omówienie badań ankietowych mających na celu zweryfikowanie hipotezy, że korzystanie z mediów społecznościowych ma negatywny wpływ na poziom kompetencji cyfrowych. Autorzy na podstawie wstępnych obserwacji stwierdzili, że media społecznościowe są dedykowane do pracy na mobilnych platformach sprzętowych, a częste użytkowanie specyficznego oprogramowania z nimi związanego może niekorzystnie wpływać na podstawowe umiejętności cyfrowe. Platformy społecznościowe, choć łatwe w podstawowym użyciu, zawierają jednak funkcje konfiguracyjne, które zazwyczaj nie są łatwo dostępne.W wyniku przeprowadzonych testów statystycznych stwierdzono korelację między dziennym czasem, jaki użytkownicy poświęcają mediom społecznościowym, i częstotliwością ich użytkowania a poziomem kompetencji cyfrowych. Nieco słabsza korelacja występuje między wiekiem respondentów a poziomem kompetencji cyfrowych.Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły na obalenie postawionej hipotezy oraz na sformułowanie nowej, odwrotnej, że intensywność korzystania z mediów społecznościowych korzystnie wpływa na kompetencje cyfrowe, której potwierdzenie wymaga jednak przeprowadzenia dodatkowych, szerszych badań, uwzględniających poziom wykształcenia oraz doświadczenia w pracy zawodowej.
How does Emotional Salary Influence Job Satisfaction? A Construct to be Explored.
Authors: Díaz-García Gustavo , Almorza-Gomar David , González-Arrieta Gerson
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de esta investigación académica es explorar el vínculo empírico entre las dimensiones de salario emocional y la satisfacción laboral en la época del COVID-19, cuyos estudios estadísticos son bastantes escasos en el entorno de los mercados emergentes. Para abordar este gap existente en la literatura se ha llevado a cabo una encuesta a 190 directivos de empresas de Costa Rica en el primer semestre del 2021. Dicho análisis se ha efectuado mediante un modelo jerárquico múltiple y ecuaciones estructurales con la finalidad de demostrar empíricamente que las dimensiones creación de valor, estratégica, motivación y humana del constructo salario emocional de Quintero y Betancur (2018) inciden sobre la dimensión satisfacción laboral del capital humano de Costa Rica. Los resultados muestran que existen una relación significativa entre cada una de las dimensiones señaladas anteriormente del salario emocional con la dimensión satisfacción laboral.
Bibliometric Analysis, Evolution and Trends of Happiness Management in Scientific Literature.
Authors: Rando-Cueto Dolores , Núñez-Sánchez José-Manuel , Fernández-Díaz Elena , De-las-Heras-Pedrosa Carlos
Published: January 2023

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el concepto de “Gestión de la felicidad” en la literatura científica debido al creciente interés por los aspectos relacionados con la gestión de la felicidad en los ámbitos social y profesional, que se ha traducido en investigaciones recientes. Se realiza una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones con el fin de examinar la situación actual en términos de producción científica y analizar la evolución y tendencias en el estudio. Además, utilizando la base de datos Scopus y el software VOS viewer, se obtuvieron registros a partir de los cuales se realizó un análisis bibliométrico. Entre los resultados obtenidos destaca el posicionamiento de España como país de referencia en la literatura internacional sobre “Gestión de la felicidad” y la influencia de COVID-19 en la difusión y citación de las publicaciones. Las aportaciones científicas sobre este tema y su influencia en futuras investigaciones es un campo de estudio creciente y de interés para la mejora de la calidad de vida y el bienestar organizacional.
Underdogs and One-Hit Wonders: When Is Overcoming Adversity Impressive?
Authors: Denrell Jerker , Liu Chengwei , Maslach David
Published: January 2023

Success tends to increase and failure tends to decrease the chances of future success. We show that this impact of past outcomes can change how diagnostic success or failure are regarding the competence of an individual or a firm. Succeeding under adverse circumstances is especially impressive when initial failure reduces the chances of success more for low-quality agents than for high-quality agents. Succeeding after initial failure (being a “successful underdog”) can also indicate higher expected quality than succeeding twice if initial success increases the chances of success of all agents to a high level. In different circumstances, the outcome after success can be especially informative about quality, implying that failing after an initial success (a “one-hit wonder”) indicates lower quality than failing twice does. We find effects consistent with our model in data on Canadian professional hockey players and on data from the Music Laboratory experiment: Initial failure combined with eventual success is associated with high quality. The results help to clarify when failure should be attributed to the person in charge or to the situation, when underdogs and individuals who overcome adversity are especially impressive and when a naïve “more is better” heuristic for evaluating performance can be misleading.

This paper was accepted by Isabel Fernandez-Mateo, organizations.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4630 .
New Algorithms for Hierarchical Optimization in Kidney Exchange Programs
Authors: Delorme Maxence , García Sergio , Gondzio Jacek , Kalcsics Jörg , Manlove David , Pettersson William
Published: January 2023

New Exact Approaches Tailored for Kidney Exchange Programs with Hierarchical Objectives

Kidney exchange programs increase the rate of living donor kidney transplantation. Whereas effective integer programming models aimed at maximizing the total number of transplants have been proposed in the literature, these cannot always be extended to handle a hierarchy of objectives, which is often a requirement in practice. In “New Algorithms for Hierarchical Optimization in Kidney Exchange Programs,” Delorme, García, Gondzio, Kalcsics, Manlove, and Pettersson introduce a new integer programming framework to solve large-size instances of kidney exchange programs. The authors use an ad hoc preprocessing and a reduced-cost variable fixing algorithm to dramatically decrease the size of the models, and they devise a diving algorithm that exploits the hierarchical structure of the problem to significantly reduce the number of integer programs that need to be solved. They also show that it is possible to transition between models as different layers are traversed in the hierarchy, allowing each layer to be solved with the most effective model. Experiments on three different European kidney exchange programs show that running times can be reduced by up to three orders of magnitude.
Facilitators and barriers regarding the implementation and interprofessional collaboration of a first contact physiotherapy service in primary care in Wales: a qualitative study
Authors: Lewis Matthew William , Gill Paul
Published: January 2023

Background/Aims

Future primary care services in Wales are likely to face higher demand for musculoskeletal ailments because of an ageing population and difficulties retaining and recruiting general practitioners. First contact physiotherapists provide specialist musculoskeletal management within primary care and offer a solution to this issue; however, no studies have yet explored first contact physiotherapist services in Wales. Consequently, little is known about the experience of working as a first contact physiotherapist in Wales. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of first contact physiotherapists in primary care in south east Wales regarding the implementation, interprofessional collaboration and the facilitators and barriers to providing the service.

Methods

A qualitative, Heideggerian hermeneutical phenomenological study was performed. A purposive sample of eleven physiotherapists were recruited for the study from an NHS health board in south east Wales, comprising three different first contact physiotherapist models. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was conducted via a three-step format.

Results

Participants viewed the first contact physiotherapist role as positive as it represented role and career advancement. Adequate training and mentorship were not provided to support the role. Participants perceived that patients and the wider multidisciplinary team did not fully understand the role of the first contact physiotherapist. Inappropriate use of services was common, with first contact physiotherapists often acting as the second contact practitioner, leading to duplication of effort and the development of unnecessary waiting lists. The degree of interprofessional collaboration appeared to influence the clarity of the role of the first contact physiotherapist, with a reduced clarity of role in models where first contact physiotherapists were not often present. Burnout was perceived as a risk for participants with low levels of experience in advanced practice and was dependent on the model worked in. Participants perceived a lack of specific aims for the first contact physiotherapy service and ambiguity over who was responsible for service leadership, leading to inappropriate use of services.

Conclusions

Clear operational leadership and strategies to increase interprofessional collaboration are required to increase the clarity about the roled of the first contact physiotherapist and ensure service efficacy. There is a need in Wales for a professional development, mentorship and governance framework to ensure sustainability and efficacy of first contact physiotherapy services.
The effect of parent-based occupational therapy on parents of children with cerebral palsy: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Akyurek Gokcen , Gurlek Sedanur , Ozturk Leyla Kaya , Bumin Gonca
Published: January 2023

Background/Aims

Parents of children with cerebral palsy face higher levels of stress, anxiety and depression, sadness, exhaustion and burnout. Parent-based therapies have been found to increase parents' satisfaction with therapy, parent–child interactions and reduced parental stress. This study examined the effects of parent-based occupational therapy on stress levels, coping skills, and emotional skills and competencies of parents of children with cerebral palsy.

Methods

A total of 15 children and their parents who were admitted to the paediatric rehabilitation unit for occupational therapy were divided into two groups (control group: n=7, study group: n=8) using the coin toss randomisation method. The control group received standard occupational therapy, while the study group received parent-based occupational therapy for 45 minutes a session, twice a week, until 10 sessions had been completed. Participants were evaluated before and after the intervention.

Results

The study group showed a decrease in stress levels (P=0.034) and increases in coping skills (P=0.016), and emotional skills and competencies (P=0.036). In addition, only an improvement in parents' stress levels (P=0.046) was observed in the control group.

Conclusions

The parent-based occupational therapy programme was more effective regarding stress levels, coping skills, emotional skills and competencies of the families of children with cerebral palsy compared to classical occupational therapy. This study is important in terms of demonstrating the benefits of parent-based occupational therapy for parents of children with cerebral palsy.
The UK Kidney Association Transition to Young Adult Specialist Interest Group: delivering patient empowerment, shared decision-making and transition
Authors: Nagra Arvind , Tse Yincent
Published: January 2023

Studies continue to show that young people report being dissatisfied with the process of moving to adult services. What can be done to improve their experience?
Wellbeing and lifestyle in transplantation (WALT): selected themes from a qualitative study
Authors: Johansson Lina R , Surendran Shone , Croker Helen , Dronsfield Swetal , Goff Louise , Hutchinson James , Thomas Nicola , Willicombe Michelle , Belsi Athina
Published: January 2023

Background: Lifestyle impacts the health of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) who are at risk of weight gain, post-transplantation diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. Their capacity to self-care is key to adapting the lifestyle choices that impact their health. Aims: This qualitative study aimed to understand KTRs’ lifestyle choices in relation to their post-transplant life and explore the impact of support provided by healthcare professionals (HCPs) and significant others on KTR's self-care. Methods: The project involved 33 participants who were involved in one of five focus groups, or 15 one-to-one semi-structured interviews. The participants were KTRs who had received a transplant over 6 months or more ago, their significant others and healthcare professionals. Participants were all selected from one UK transplant centre. Purposive sampling ensured both a diversity of KTRs and a range of professionals participating, with data analysed using thematic framework analysis. Findings: The authors report on a number of selected themes. These themes draw from a larger, more extensive analysis and conceptual framework concerning health, wellbeing and lifestyle, and they identify how effective health communicative interactions and health literacy plays an integral role in developing KTRs’ self-care. Conclusion: Supporting KTR's lifestyle choices post-transplant involves building self-care capacity through effective health communication and health literacy.
Colostrum quality and composition
Authors: Lindley George , Booth Richard , Mahendran Sophie , Wathes Claire , Blackie Nicola
Published: January 2023

Colostrum, the first milk produced by the cow before calving, is functionally and compositionally distinct from whole milk. Differences in fat, carbohydrate, protein, vitamin and mineral concentrations provide nutrition for the neonate. A high lipid content is an indispensable source of energy, while protein aids development and vitamins and minerals that are poorly transferred across the placenta can be provided orally. Immunoglobulins within colostrum are essential for the transfer of passive immunity, since the calf is born agammaglobulinaemic. Biologically active factors, including antimicrobial compounds, hormones, growth factors and immune-enhancing compounds, may contribute to immune development, intestinal growth and energy metabolism after birth. Bioactive substances may also direct the maturation of specific tissues via epigenetic effects that occur after parturition has occurred. An appreciation of the differences between colostrum and milk composition may be useful for all stakeholders interested in optimising early life feeding regimens for neonatal calves.
Response to Magnetic Field-Induced Stress on the Demographics and anti-ROS Activity of Aphid Macrosiphum rosae L. (Hemiptera:Aphididae)
Authors:   College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, PR China, He Juan , Liu Jiarui ,   College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, PR China, Cheng Meiqi ,   College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, PR China, Sun Jingyu ,   College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, PR China, Chen Wei ,   College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, PR China, Pan Weidong ,   Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: January 2023

Magnetic field plays an essential role for many species, including the migratory pest aphid. Our previous study investigated the long-term exposure of static magnetic fields on the growth development and productivity of the aphid Macrosiphum rosae, however, it is necessary to expand the knowledge of short-term exposure on the insects for a wider spectrum of magnetic field radiation. To achieve this, aphid nymphs were exposed to four magnetic field of induction at 0.065T, 0.1T, 0.176T and 0.28T for 4min under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the short-term magnetic radiation significantly prelonged the four instar development while shortened the first, second and third instar period. 0.28 T radiations caused significantly difference in the parameters of TPOP, adult longevity and total longevity (3.2d, 7.07d, and 8.82d, compared with the control of 4.94d, 8.06d, and 10.23d, respectively). Population parameter of r was 0.057d-1 with 0.28 T compared with the control of 0.150 d-1. The SOD, CAT and POD activity increased more than 30% in static magnetic fields compared with the controls. Our study presents a feasible evidence showing the growth development change as a representative disturbing symptom for short-term exposure to magnetic fields, and the static magnetic field applied being capable of modifying the fitness components and antioxidant defense in aphids.
New Report of Curvularia pseudobrachyspora Causing Brown Spot on Costa Rican Pitahaya Fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) in Thailand
Authors:   Agricultural Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkla 90110 Thailand, Latehnuering Fakih , Pornsuriya Chaninun ,   Agricultural Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkla 90110 Thailand, Wonglom Prisana ,   Faculty of Technology and Community Development, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, 93210 Thailand, Ruangwong On-Uma ,   Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand,   Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Sunpapao Anurag ,   Agricultural Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkla 90110 Thailand
Published: January 2023

In J une 2021, brown spots was observed on Costa Rican pitahaya fruits (Hylocereus costaricensis) in a dragon fruit cultivation in Phatthalung province, southern Thailand. Infected dragon fruits showed small, circular, brown spots that expanded later to irregular shapes and the center of the symptomatic spot becoming dark brown with age. The fungus was isolated and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) for morphological observation. Based on the macroscopic and microscopic features and phylogenetic tree of combined glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and large subunit (LSU) sequences, this isolate was identified as Curvularia pseudobrachyspora. Pathogenicity tests by agar plug method revealed that this fungal isolate caused brown spot disease on Costa Rican pitahaya fruits with observations similar to the natural infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. pseudobrachyspora causing brown spot disease on Costa Rican pitahaya fruits in Thailand.
Analysing the stability of advocacy coalitions and policy frames in Ghana’s oil and gas governance
Authors: Osei-Kojo Alex
Published: January 2023

Political associations and public discourse on policy issues are essential components of any democratic system. Yet, their characteristics, particularly those concerning change or stability over time, remain largely understudied, especially outside western jurisdictions. By applying the advocacy coalition framework (ACF) to the context of Ghana’s oil and gas governance, this article seeks to reduce these limitations by analysing coalition stability at the micro- and meso-levels as well as examining the stability of policy frames as expressions of policy beliefs. Applying analysis of variance and network analysis, these objectives are pursued using news media data collected between 2007 and 2019. The results show coalition stability at the meso-level but instability at the micro-level. In addition, some policy frames appear more stable while others seem less stable. This article contributes to existing knowledge by proposing two levels of coalition stability analysis, augmenting the number of ACF applications beyond western jurisdictions, facilitating comparative analysis, and producing more generalisable knowledge.
The financial, health, and social crisis in Europe. Developments and challenges from the Social Work perspective.
Authors: Arredondo Quijada Rafael , Palma García María de las Olas , Ruiz Mosquera Ana Cristina
Published: January 2023

We conducted a descriptive documentary review study using a sequential design of the assessable indicators of European social policies developed between 2008 and 2019. The period between the 2008 financial crisis and the current COVID-19 health crisis was studied using Eurostat indicators to compare variables related to social risk and the governmental response offered by the sample countries to provide social protection. We attempted to understand the current crisis by examining the key social factors and potential connections with previous trends in the development of social policies in the European Union. On this basis, we identified effective strategies for managing the crisis. The data suggest that, in general, the European social protection model has not prevented the growth of inequality and social risk, thus calling for new ways and approaches to the design, implementation, and assessment of public policies to ensure their effectiveness. These new strategies involve re-envisioning social work as a key profession and discipline to promote social transformation.
Diabetes mellitus y envejecimiento. Implicaciones del autocuidado para la salud en mujeres adultas mayores.
Authors: Cuevas Muñiz Bárbara Lizeth , Cabello Garza Martha Leticia
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer desde la perspectiva del adulto mayor los conocimientos y aprendizajes sobre el autocuidado para la salud en la etapa inicial del tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus. El enfoque de investigación cualitativo permitió analizar los datos proporcionados por 12 mujeres mayores de 60 años a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Todas ellas contaban con seguridad social y fueron seleccionadas por muestreo intencional. Los resultados mostraron que ellas reconocieron algunos signos y síntomas de la enfermedad cuando fueron diagnosticadas. De este modo, el haber participado en el cuidado de un familiar con Diabetes Mellitus permitió que las mujeres adquirieran conocimientos y aprendizajes generales de la enfermedad, sobre todo en lo referente al medicamento, la alimentación saludable y sobre la práctica de la actividad física. Los conocimientos científicos que se generan respecto al autocuidado para la salud desde el momento del diagnóstico de la enfermedad contribuyen a facilitar, o bien a obstaculizar, el cambio hacia comportamientos saludables, reconociendo que las personas son agentes activos en la toma de decisiones de salud; resultando indispensable el apoyo de un equipo especializado multidisciplinario donde la participación activa del profesional del Trabajo Social es esencial para la prevención de enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles y la promoción de la salud.
Revisión bibliográfica sobre la Vulnerabilidad Social y los procesos de hospitalización: una mirada desde el Trabajo Social sanitario.
Authors: Morro Fernández Laura , Vicente Mochales Concha , Pineda Perez Ingrid , Guilanyá Casas Josep , Puig Cruells Carmina
Published: January 2023

En las últimas décadas se ha escrito mucho acerca de la vulnerabilidad y sus correlatos con el Trabajo Social en cuanto a planificación, prevención y atención a la ciudadanía en el ámbito sanitario. El objeto de esta revisión bibliográfica es la descripción de la cuantificación de los ítems que conforman la variable de vulnerabilidad social en los procesos de hospitalización de personas adultas. Metodología: Aplicando las palabras clave “vulnerabilidad social”, determinantes sociales de la salud”, “población adulta”, “ítems” y “escala” se identificaron 2369 artículos en diferentes bases de datos (Scopus, Web of Science, DialNet, Academic Search Ultimate, CINAHL, Psichodoc y PubMed). Resultados: Se consideraron relevantes para nuestro estudio 154 artículos, y mediante su análisis se cuantificaron 33 ítems o factores relacionados con la vulnerabilidad social en el ámbito de la hospitalización, siendo los más prevalentes la situación económica, el nivel educativo, el acceso a la sanidad, inestabilidad / situación de la vivienda y el apoyo social. Conclusión: La vulnerabilidad es un término dinámico y complejo que engloba diferentes factores sociales los cuales impactan en el proceso de la hospitalización en adultos/as y se deben tener en cuenta en la práctica del Trabajo Social en el ámbito sanitario.
Speckle autocorrelation separation for multi-target scattering imaging
Authors: Lu Dajiang , Feng Yuliu , Peng Xiang , He Wenqi
Published: January 2023

Imaging through scattering media remains a big challenge in optics while the single-shot non-invasive speckle autocorrelation technique (SAT) is well-known as a promising way to handle it. However, it usually cannot recover a large-scale target or multiple isolated small ones due to the limited effective range of the optical memory effect (OME). In this paper, we propose a multi-target scattering imaging scheme by combining the traditional SA algorithm with a Deep Learning (DL) strategy. The basic idea is to extract each autocorrelation component of every target from the autocorrelation result of a mixed speckle using a suitable DL method. Once we get all the expected autocorrelation components, a typical phase retrieval algorithm (PRA) could be applied to reveal the shapes of all those corresponding small targets. In our experimental demonstration, up to five isolated targets are successfully recovered.
High-speed and high-resolution YAG fiber based distributed high temperature sensing system empowered by a 2D image restoration algorithm
Authors: Liu Xu , Jie Ruimin , Bera Subhabrata , Yan Taiyu , Peng Wei , Zhou Ciming , Rao Yunjiang , Liu Bo
Published: January 2023

High temperature monitoring is critical to the health and performance of vital pieces of infrastructure such as jet engine, fuel cells, coal gasifiers, and nuclear reactor core. However, it remains a big challenge to realize reliable distributed high temperature sensing system with high speed, high spatial and temperature resolution simultaneously. In this work, a Raman distributed high temperature sensing system with high temperature resolution and high spatial resolution was realized in a single-crystal YAG fiber. The sensing system demonstrated operation from room temperature up to 1400°C with a spatial resolution of 7 cm and response time of 1 millisecond in a 1m long YAG fiber. The average temperature sensitivity of the system is about 7.95 × 10−4/°C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the best spatial resolution and response time reported in literature. In this system, a 2D image restoration was used to boost the signal to noise ratio of sensor. Empowered by the algorithm, the average temperature standard deviation along the sensing fiber of 7.89 °C was obtained based on a single frame data in 1 millisecond. A new record of temperature resolution of 0.62 °C was demonstrated in only 1 second frame data traces, which enables a fast response capacity.
All-parameter calibration method of the on-orbit multi-view dynamic photogrammetry system
Authors: Liu Qilin , Dong Mingli , Sun Peng , Yan Bixi , Wang Jun , Zhu Lianqing
Published: January 2023

Photogrammetry (PG) can present accurate data to evaluate the functional performance of large space structures. For camera calibration and orientation, the On-orbit Multi-view Dynamic Photogrammetry System (OMDPS) lacks appropriate spatial reference data. A multi-data fusion calibration method for all parameters for this kind of system is proposed in this paper as a solution to this issue. Firstly, a multi-camera relative position model is developed to solve the reference camera position unconstrained problem in the full-parameter calibration model of the OMDPS in accordance with the imaging model of stars and scale bar targets. Subsequently, the problem of adjustment failure and inaccurate adjustment in the multi-data fusion bundle adjustment is solved using the two-norm matrix and the weight matrix to adjust the Jacobian matrix with respect to all system parameters (e.g., camera interior parameters (CIP), camera exterior parameters (CEP), and lens distortion parameters (LDP)). Finally, all system parameters can be optimized simultaneously using this algorithm. In the actual data ground-based experiment, 333 spatial targets are measured using the V-star System (VS) and OMDPS. Taking the measurement of VS as the true value, the measurement results of OMDPS indicated that the in-plane Z-direction target coordinates root-mean-square error (RMSE) is less than 0.0538 mm and the Z-direction RMSE is less than 0.0428 mm. Out-of-plane Y-direction RMSE is less than 0.1514 mm. The application potential of the PG system for on-orbit measurement tasks is demonstrated through the actual data ground-based experiment.
Low-threshold random lasers based on the DCM-DEG gain system with graphene nanosheets
Authors: Wan Yuan , Li Xiaoxue , Wang Yucan , Li Zhihao , Liu XianLong , Cai Yangjian
Published: January 2023

In this article, low-threshold random lasers based on DCM-DEG (DD) gain system with graphene nanosheets are studied. The experiment results show that the threshold of random lasers reduces rapidly when an appropriate amount of graphene nanosheets is added in DD solution. Meanwhile, the quantity and quality of random lasing modes raise significantly. We discussed the potential reasons why the graphene nanosheets can strengthen the sample's random lasing. And, the influence of the graphene nanosheet concentration on the radiation characteristics of random lasers is further studied. When the concentration of graphene nanosheets is 0.088wt%, the lasing threshold of DD samples with graphene nanosheets (GDD) is only about 31.8% of the lasing threshold of DD samples, and the quality of random lasing modes is five times higher than that of the DD sample. To further reduce the lasing threshold, the gold (Au) nanoparticles are added in the mixed solution to form the GDD solution with Au nanoparticles (GGDD). The results show that the lasing threshold of the GGDD sample is about 7.73 µJ/pulse, which is 5.2% of the lasing threshold of the DD sample. This experiment provides a new method to study low-threshold and high-quality random lasers based on graphene.
Closed-form analytical design of a beamforming reflective metagrating with a relatively low number of meta-atoms
Authors: Tan Zhen , Yi JianJia , Wang Shixiong , Chen Xiaoming , Burokur Shah Nawaz
Published: January 2023

Metagrating, a periodic metamaterial structure proposed in recent years, is characterized by its structural simplicity and sparsity, compared to a metasurface. It is able to guarantee very high efficiency, even for wide-angle beam deflections, where only a few meta-atoms are required. In such cases, numerical optimization can be avoided and our goal in this work is to provide a fully analytical design study of a metagrating containing only two meta-atoms in a supercell. A series of closed-form design formulas are given, such as the impedance density expression of the meta-atoms, the passive and lossless conditional equations, as well as equations for the power ratio control of the diffraction modes. Four metagratings composed of microstrip capacitor structures working at 10 GHz for wide-angle beam steering and beam splitting are numerically demonstrated. The simulation results agree well with the theoretical predictions, which validates the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed theoretical method.
Fast shaping control of x ray beams using a closed-loop adaptive bimorph deformable mirror
Authors: Alcock Simon , Nistea Ioana , Badami Vivek , Signorato Riccardo , fusco Matteo , Hu Lingfei , Wang Hongchang , Sawhney Kawal
Published: January 2023

  

High-speed adaptive correction of optics, based on real-time metrology feedback, has benefitted numerous scientific communities for several decades. However, it remains a major technological challenge to extend this concept into the hard X-ray regime due to the necessity for active mirrors with single-digit nanometer height errors relative to a range of aspheric forms. We have developed the first high-resolution, real-time, closed-loop “adaptive” optical system for synchrotron and X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) applications. After calibration of the wavefront using X-ray speckle scanning, the wavefront diagnostic was removed from the X-ray beam path. Non-invasive control of the size and shape of the reflected X-ray beam was then demonstrated by driving a piezoelectric deformable bimorph mirror at ~ 1 Hz. Continuous feedback was provided by a 20 kHz direct measurement of the optical surface with picometer sensitivity using an array of interferometric sensors. This enabled a non-specialist operator to reproduce a series of pre-defined X-ray wavefronts, including focused or non-Gaussian profiles, such as flat-top intensity or multiple split-peaks with controllable separation and relative amplitude. Such changes can be applied in any order and in rapid succession without the need for invasive wavefront diagnostic sensors which block the X-ray beam for scientific usage. These innovations have the potential to profoundly change how X-ray focusing elements are utilized at synchrotron radiation and XFEL sources and provide unprecedented dynamic control of photon beams to aid scientific discoveries in a wide range of disciplines.
Non-equivalent, but still valid: Establishing the construct validity of a consumer fitness tracker in persons with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Polhemus Ashley , Sieber Chloé , Haag Christina , Sylvester Ramona , Kool Jan , Gonzenbach Roman , von Wyl Viktor
Published: January 2023

Tools for monitoring daily physical activity (PA) are desired by persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, current research-grade options are not suitable for longitudinal, independent use due to their cost and user experience. Our objective was to assess the validity of step counts and PA intensity metrics derived from the Fitbit Inspire HR, a consumer-grade PA tracker, in 45 persons with MS (Median age: 46, IQR: 40–51) undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. The population had moderate mobility impairment (Median EDSS 4.0, Range 2.0–6.5). We assessed the validity of Fitbit-derived PA metrics (Step count, total time in PA, time in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA)) during scripted tasks and free-living activity at three levels of data aggregation (minute, daily, and average PA). Criterion validity was assessed though agreement with manual counts and multiple methods for deriving PA metrics via the Actigraph GT3X. Convergent and known-groups validity were assessed via relationships with reference standards and related clinical measures. Fitbit-derived step count and time in PA, but not time in MVPA, exhibited excellent agreement with reference measures during scripted tasks. During free-living activity, step count and time in PA correlated moderately to strongly with reference measures, but agreement varied across metrics, data aggregation levels, and disease severity strata. Time in MVPA weakly agreed with reference measures. However, Fitbit-derived metrics were often as different from reference measures as reference measures were from each other. Fitbit-derived metrics consistently exhibited similar or stronger evidence of construct validity than reference standards. Fitbit-derived PA metrics are not equivalent to existing reference standards. However, they exhibit evidence of construct validity. Consumer-grade fitness trackers such as the Fitbit Inspire HR may therefore be suitable as a PA tracking tool for persons with mild or moderate MS.
Mitochondrial remodelling is essential for female germ cell differentiation and survival
Authors: Monteiro Vernon Leander , Safavian Darya , Vasudevan Deepika , Hurd Thomas Ryan
Published: January 2023

Stem cells often possess immature mitochondria with few inner membrane invaginations, which increase as stem cells differentiate. Despite this being a conserved feature across many stem cell types in numerous organisms, how and why mitochondria undergo such remodelling during stem cell differentiation has remained unclear. Here, using Drosophila germline stem cells (GSCs), we show that Complex V drives mitochondrial remodelling during the early stages of GSC differentiation, prior to terminal differentiation. This endows germline mitochondria with the capacity to generate large amounts of ATP required for later egg growth and development. Interestingly, impairing mitochondrial remodelling prior to terminal differentiation results in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lipid bilayer stress, Protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK)-mediated activation of the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) and germ cell death. Taken together, our data suggest that mitochondrial remodelling is an essential and tightly integrated aspect of stem cell differentiation. This work sheds light on the potential impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on stem and germ cell function, highlighting ER lipid bilayer stress as a potential major driver of phenotypes caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.
Malian children infected with Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium falciparum display very similar gene expression profiles
Authors: Tebben Kieran , Yirampo Salif , Coulibaly Drissa , Koné Abdoulaye K. , Laurens Matthew B. , Stucke Emily M. , Dembélé Ahmadou , Tolo Youssouf , Traoré Karim , Niangaly Amadou , Berry Andrea A. , Kouriba Bourema , Plowe Christopher V. , Doumbo Ogobara K. , Lyke Kirsten E. , Takala-Harrison Shannon , Thera Mahamadou A. , Travassos Mark A. , Serre David
Published: January 2023

Plasmodium parasites caused 241 million cases of malaria and over 600,000 deaths in 2020. Both P. falciparum and P. ovale are endemic to Mali and cause clinical malaria, with P. falciparum infections typically being more severe. Here, we sequenced RNA from nine pediatric blood samples collected during infections with either P. falciparum or P. ovale, and characterized the host and parasite gene expression profiles. We found that human gene expression varies more between individuals than according to the parasite species causing the infection, while parasite gene expression profiles cluster by species. Additionally, we characterized DNA polymorphisms of the parasites directly from the RNA-seq reads and found comparable levels of genetic diversity in both species, despite dramatic differences in prevalence. Our results provide unique insights into host-pathogen interactions during malaria infections and their variations according to the infecting Plasmodium species, which will be critical to develop better elimination strategies against all human Plasmodium parasites.