bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nasal Septum Changes in Adolescents Treated with Tooth-Borne and Bone-Borne Rapid Maxillary Expansion: A CBCT Retrospective Study Using Skeletal Tortuosity Ratio and Deviation Analysis
Authors: Ronsivalle Vincenzo , Carli Elisabetta , Lo Giudice Antonino , Lagravère Manuel , Leonardi Rosalia , Venezia Pietro
Published: November 2022

Background: Using three-dimensional (3D) images, this study evaluated the impact of Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) on changes in Nasal Septal Deviation (NSD). Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan of 40 children with transverse maxillary deficiency, who received tooth-borne (TB) RME or bone-borne (BB) RME, were included in this investigation. Two CBCT scans were performed: one before to appliance installation (T0) and one after a 6-month retention period (T1). The analysis was performed by dividing the actual length of the septum by the desired length in the mid-sagittal plane to measure NSD based on the tortuosity ratio (TR). Results: Subjects in the TB group showed a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) of the TR value from T0 to T1, according to the paired Student t test. Subjects in the BB group showed similar findings, with a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) of the TR value from T0. No statistically significant differences were found between the mean changes of TR between TB group and BB group. Conclusions: RME may have some effects in reducing the degree of NSD; however, no differences were found between RME performed with TB and BB anchorage systems.
High-Entropy Alloy for Thin Film Application: A Review
Authors: Muhammad Nadzri Nur Izzati , Halin Dewi Suriyani Che , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa , Joseph Sudha , Mohd Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar , Vizureanu Petrica , Burduhos-Nergis Diana-Petronela , Sandu Andrei Victor
Published: November 2022

High entropy alloy (HEA) involves the addition of five or more elements into the materials system. This provides a multidimensional configuration space that is limitless in terms of its properties and functions. Some high-entropy alloys have already been shown to have superior properties over conventional alloys, especially the CoCr-based HEA materials. Better high-entropy alloy applications may be discovered, especially in micro- and nano-level structures, hence the development of thin film/coating -based HEA materials. Therefore, in this review paper, we are aiming to provide recent studies on the thin film/coating-based high-entropy alloy on fundamental issues related to methods of preparation, phase formation and mechanical properties. We found that sputtering has been extensively used to grow thin-film-based HEAs as it allowed parameters to be controlled with homogeneous growth. The evolution from bulk to thin samples can also be observed with the mechanical properties has exceeded the bulk-based HEA expectations, which are high hardness, better interfacial bonding and tribological behaviour and higher corrosion resistant.
Karyotypes and COI Gene Sequences of Chironomus agilis2, Ch. balatonicus, and Camptochironomus tentans (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Kurchatskoe Lake, Tyumen Region, Russia
Authors: Bolshakov Viktor , Movergoz Ekaterina , Stolbov Vitaly
Published: November 2022

Chironomids can inhabit a large variety of water bodies. They contribute to the process of biological purification of water bodies, and they are a high-quality food for commercial fish. Any comprehensive study of biodiversity in water bodies begins with the investigation of chironomids, which are typically variable and difficult to identify through morphology. Similar species are called sibling-species. For precise identification, we used a comprehensive approach, including morphology, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics. In one sample from Kurchatskoe Lake (Tyumen reg.), with mineralized water of 7‰, we found three Chironomus species. Karyological analysis revealed seven banding sequences in Chironomus agilis2, eight in Ch. balatonicus, and seven in Camptochironomus tentans. The combination of balD1.2 was found in all Ch. balatonicus larvae. All the found banding sequences are typical for the studied region, and have previously been recorded in European and Altai populations. All the estimated genetic distances of COI gene sequences in the studied larvae of each species are much lower than the commonly accepted threshold of 3% in species of the genus Chironomus.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Pleural Effusion following Radioiodine Remnant Ablation Post Lobectomy for Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Qiu Xian , Wang Pengwen , Sa Ri , Cheng Lin , Jin Yuchen , Song Hongjun , Chen Libo
Published: November 2022

Radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA) was previously demonstrated to be a safe and effective alternative to completion thyroidectomy for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, its side effects have not been fully investigated, particularly in patients with lobectomy. We reported a young euthyroidal female who underwent RRA post lobectomy and lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid cancer, whose post-ablation 131I-whole-body scan accidentally showed diffuse radioiodine distribution on chest-mimicking pulmonary metastases. Immediately-added single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), nevertheless, revealed a 131I-accumulating swollen left thyroid lobe and emerging pleural effusion, which relieved after short-term treatment with prednisone. In summary, acute pleural effusion ascribed to RRA-induced thoracic duct compression was reported for the first time. 131I-lobectomy-induced pleural effusion could be precisely diagnosed by SPECT/CT and efficiently manipulated via treating radiation thyroiditis with the short-term administration of corticosteroid.
Eplet-Predicted Antigens: An Attempt to Introduce Eplets into Unacceptable Antigen Determination and Calculated Panel-Reactive Antibody Calculation Facilitating Kidney Allocation
Authors: Wu Wenrui , Zhang Huanxi , Tan Jinghong , Fu Qian , Li Jun , Wu Chenglin , Huang Huiting , Xu Bowen , Ling Liuting , Liu Longshan , Su Xiaojun , Wang Changxi
Published: November 2022

(1) Calculated panel-reactive antibody (CPRA) is a measure of sensitization based on unacceptable antigens (UAs). Determination of UAs based on single-antigen bead assays at allele or antigen levels may be inappropriate. We aimed to introduce eplets for better assessment of sensitization; (2) 900 recipients and 1427 donors were enrolled for candidate or donor pools, respectively. Eplets were from the HLA Epitope Registry. UAs were determined by anti-HLA antibodies identified using LIFECODES Single Antigen (LSA) kits. CPRA values were calculated using a simplified method of donor filtering; (3) HLA antigens containing all eplets of an HLA antigen in LSA kits (LSA antigen) were defined as eplet-predicted (EP) antigens, the reactivity of which could be predicted by that LSA antigen. High reactivity concordance was found between LSA and EP antigens. More HLA antigens were covered by EP antigens in the population than LSA antigens. CPRA values at the EP level were higher than at the allele level and lower than at the antigen level. The EP antigens facilitated UA determination for non-LSA antigens and avoided acute rejection; (4) UA determination using EP antigens can lead to more accurate assessment of sensitization, enabling a high probability of compatible organs and a low risk of adverse outcomes.
Effects of Learner Variables on Chinese Bilingual Undergraduates’ Intercultural Sensitivity and Effectiveness
Authors: Liu Meihua
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the effects of learner variables on Chinese bilingual undergraduates’ intercultural sensitivity and effectiveness. A total of 439 students from different universities answered a battery of questionnaires. Major findings were: (a) the participants reported a moderate to high level of intercultural sensitivity and a moderate level of intercultural effectiveness; (b) no significant gender difference occurred in intercultural sensitivity and effectiveness, except for Interaction Engagement and Respect for Cultural Differences; (c) intercultural sensitivity and effectiveness were significantly positively related to and predicted each other; (d) confidence in learning English, self-efficacy in learning English and English classroom anxiety significantly predicted students’ intercultural sensitivity; and (e) English classroom anxiety, English learning motivation, and self-efficacy in learning English significantly predicted students’ intercultural effectiveness. Based on these findings, a path model was constructed which explains the relations among affect, intercultural communication sensitivity, effectiveness and competence.
Comparative Evaluation of AI-Based Techniques for Zero-Day Attacks Detection
Authors: Ali Shamshair , Rehman Saif Ur , Imran Azhar , Adeem Ghazif , Iqbal Zafar , Kim Ki-Il
Published: November 2022

Many intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) have been introduced to identify suspicious activities. However, since attackers are exploiting new vulnerabilities in systems and are employing more sophisticated advanced cyber-attacks, these zero-day attacks remain hidden from IDPS in most cases. These features have incentivized many researchers to propose different artificial intelligence-based techniques to prevent, detect, and respond to such advanced attacks. This has also created a new requirement for a comprehensive comparison of the existing schemes in several aspects ; after a thorough study we found that there currently exists no detailed comparative analysis of artificial intelligence-based techniques published in the last five years. Therefore, there is a need for this kind of work to be published, as there are many comparative analyses in other fields of cyber security that are available for readers to review.In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the latest and most recent literature, which introduces well-known machine learning and deep learning algorithms and the challenges they face in detecting zero-day attacks. Following these qualitative analyses, we present the comparative evaluation results regarding the highest accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score compared to different datasets.
Speech Emotion Recognition Using Audio Matching
Authors: Chaturvedi Iti , Noel Tim , Satapathy Ranjan
Published: November 2022

It has become popular for people to share their opinions about products on TikTok and YouTube. Automatic sentiment extraction on a particular product can assist users in making buying decisions. For videos in languages such as Spanish, the tone of voice can be used to determine sentiments, since the translation is often unknown. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to classify sentiments in speech in the presence of environmental noise. Traditional models rely on pretrained audio feature extractors for humans that do not generalize well across different accents. In this paper, we leverage the vector space of emotional concepts where words with similar meanings often have the same prefix. For example, words starting with ‘con’ or ‘ab’ signify absence and hence negative sentiments. Augmentations are a popular way to amplify the training data during audio classification. However, some augmentations may result in a loss of accuracy. Hence, we propose a new metric based on eigenvalues to select the best augmentations. We evaluate the proposed approach on emotions in YouTube videos and outperform baselines in the range of 10–20%. Each neuron learns words with similar pronunciations and emotions. We also use the model to determine the presence of birds from audio recordings in the city.
A Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Refractive Index Sensor on a Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton Waveguide
Authors: Zhang Yawei , Liu Yuzhu , Xi Haoyan , Meng Tianhua , Zhao Guozhong
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we experimentally and numerically confirm a planar Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) device for sensing dielectric samples based on a spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) waveguide. The MZI system is constructed using two different ultrathin transmission lines with distinct dispersion units supporting SSPPs. After SSPPs propagate a certain propagation distance, a resonant dip is formed at a specific frequency due to destructive interference, whose displacement enables the SSPP to be modulated by one of the MZI arms loaded with dielectric samples. We investigate how the variations in the permittivity and thickness of dielectric samples affect the sensibility. Through an error analysis between the experimental measurements and numerical calculations, it is demonstrated that the plasmonic sensor based on the MZI has a high precision. The proposed technique is compact and robust and paves a versatile route toward the chip-scale functional devices in microwave circuits.
Spectral Radiation Characteristic Measurements of Absorption and Scattering Semitransparent Materials—A Review
Authors: Liu Meng , Du Shenghua , Ai Qing , Gong Jiaming , Shuai Yong
Published: November 2022

The obtainment of spectral radiation characteristics of semitransparent materials mainly includes the use of a theoretical method or experimental method. As the experimental method can better characterize the real radiation transmission results inside the material, it is generally considered more reliable and used as the basis for the verification of theoretical results. In this paper, the absorbing and scattering semitransparent materials are taken as the analysis object to illustrate the research status and future development direction in the field of measurement and identification of spectral radiation characteristics. According to the physical quantities measured and the temperature range, research status is discussed for the spectral radiation characteristic measurements of absorbing and scattering semitransparent materials, which specifically involves the measurement principle, measuring system, measuring physical quantity, identification model and application range. This research will have guiding significance for the following research directions in the field of the acquisition of spectral radiation characteristic parameters of other new materials in the future.
Bioactive Compounds from Eruca sativa Seeds
Authors: Pagnotta Eleonora , Ugolini Luisa , Matteo Roberto , Righetti Laura
Published: November 2022

Eruca sativa Miller (Brassicaceae) is an insect-pollinated diploid annual species which grows spontaneously in the entire Mediterranean basin from semi-arid to arid-hot conditions and is cultivated in Northern America, Europe, and Asia as either salad or oilseed crop. Here, some essential background was provided on this versatile crop, summarizing the present status of Eruca sativa research focusing on the wealth of bioactive ingredients in its seeds, which may find exploitation in agriculture, in the food industries and as nutraceuticals for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Fatty acids of Eruca sativa seed oil, gums, glucosinolates and soluble and insoluble phenol and flavonoid fractions in the defatted press cake are the main bioactive compounds considered to date by the scientific literature and that deserve attention for their physical and biological activities.
Evaluation of Color Anomaly Detection in Multispectral Images for Synthetic Aperture Sensing
Authors: Seits Francis , Kurmi Indrajit , Bimber Oliver
Published: November 2022

In this article, we evaluate unsupervised anomaly detection methods in multispectral images obtained with a wavelength-independent synthetic aperture sensing technique called Airborne Optical Sectioning (AOS). With a focus on search and rescue missions that apply drones to locate missing or injured persons in dense forest and require real-time operation, we evaluate the runtime vs. quality of these methods. Furthermore, we show that color anomaly detection methods that normally operate in the visual range always benefit from an additional far infrared (thermal) channel. We also show that, even without additional thermal bands, the choice of color space in the visual range already has an impact on the detection results. Color spaces such as HSV and HLS have the potential to outperform the widely used RGB color space, especially when color anomaly detection is used for forest-like environments.
Transcriptome Level Reveals the Triterpenoid Saponin Biosynthesis Pathway of Bupleurum falcatum L.
Authors: Li Yuchan , Zhao Jun , Chen Hua , Mao Yanping , Yang Yuping , Feng Liang , Mo Chuanxin , Huang Lin , Hou Dabin , Yu Ma
Published: November 2022

Bupleurum falcatum L. is frequently used in traditional herbal medicine in Asia. Saikosaponins (SSs) are the main bioactive ingredients of B. falcatum, but the biosynthetic pathway of SSs is unclear, and the biosynthesis of species-specific phytometabolites is little known. Here we resolved the transcriptome profiles of B. falcatum to identify candidate genes that might be involved in the biosynthesis of SSs. By isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) analyses of the whole plant, a total of 26.98 Gb of nucleotides were obtained and 124,188 unigenes were identified, and 81,594 unigenes were successfully annotated. A total of 1033 unigenes of 20 families related to the mevalonate (MVA) pathway and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway of the SS biosynthetic pathway were identified. The WGCNA (weighted gene co-expression network analysis) of these unigenes revealed that only the co-expression module of MEmagenta, which contained 343 unigenes, was highly correlated with the biosynthesis of SSs. Comparing differentially expressed gene analysis and the WGCNA indicated that 130 out of 343 genes of the MEmagenta module exhibited differential expression levels, and genes with the most “hubness” within this module were predicted. Manipulation of these genes might improve the biosynthesis of SSs.
Quality Grading Algorithm of Oudemansiella raphanipes Based on Transfer Learning and MobileNetV2
Authors: Li Tongkai , Huang Huamao , Peng Yangyang , Zhou Hui , Hu Haiying , Liu Ming
Published: November 2022

As a traditional edible and medicinal fungus in China, Oudemansiella raphanipes has high economic benefits. In order to achieve the automatic classification of Oudemansiella raphanipes into four quality levels using their image dataset, a quality grading algorithm based on neural network models was proposed. At first, the transfer learning strategy and six typical convolution neural network models, e.g., VGG16, ResNet50, InceptionV3, NasNet-Mobile, EfficientNet, and MobileNetV2, were used to train the datasets. Experiments show that MobileNetV2 has good performance considering both testing accuracy and detection time. MobileNetV2 only needs 37.5 ms to classify an image, which is shorter by 11.76%, 28.57%, 46.42%, 59.45%, and 79.73%, respectively, compared with the classification times of InceptionV3, EfficientNetB0, ResNet50, NasNet-Mobile, and VGG16. Based on the original MobileNetV2 model, four optimization methods, including data augmentation, hyperparameter selecting, an overfitting control strategy, and a dynamic learning rate strategy, were adopted to improve the accuracy. The final classification accuracy can reach as high as 98.75%, while the detection time for one image is only 22.5 ms and the model size is only 16.48 MB. This quality grading algorithm based on an improved MobileNetV2 model is feasible and effective for Oudemansiella raphanipes, satisfying the needs in the production line.
The Risk Factors for Radiolucent Nephrolithiasis among Workers in High-Temperature Workplaces in the Steel Industry
Authors: Lu I-Cheng , Yang Chen-Cheng , Huang Chi-Hsien , Chen Szu-Ying , Lin Chi-Wei , Lin Chia-Hsiang , Chuang Hung-Yi
Published: November 2022

Workers in high-temperature workplaces with inadequate water supply may exhibit symptoms of chronic dehydration and have increased risk of nephrolithiasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of radiolucent stone formation among workers in a high-temperature workplace and the related risk factors associated with the condition. We collected data from 1681 workers in a steel factory in Southern Taiwan who underwent regular health examinations. Radiolucent stones were defined as positive findings on ultrasound with negative radiographic images. The prevalences of nephrolithiasis and radiolucent stones in this study were 12.0% and 5.1%, respectively. Heat exposure and age were two major risk factors influencing the probability of radiolucent stones. We combined the age and heat exposure into four groups (over and under 35 years of age with and without heat exposure) in a logistic regression. For workers younger than 35 years, the odds ratio of radiolucent stones was 2.695 (95% confidence interval: 1.201–6.049) in workers with heat exposure compared to workers without. Our investigation further demonstrated that heat exposure was a main risk factor for radiolucent stone formation. In conclusion, our identification of heat exposure as an independent factor for radiolucent stone development in steel workers highlights the need for attention to be paid to those working in similar environments.
The Structural Relationship between Exercise Passion, Sports Confidence, and Exercise Continuation Intention for Taekwondo Players: Moderating the Effect of the Coach’s Support
Authors: Kim Byung-Min
Published: November 2022

This study examined the relationship between “exercise passion”, sports confidence, exercise continuation intention, and the moderating effect of the coach’s support to provide basic data for Taekwondo players and instructors. A total of 428 data items were obtained using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation model analysis, and moderating effect analysis via SPSS and AMOS version 24.0. It was found that “harmony passion” had a positive effect on all variables of sports confidence. Additionally, two variables of exercise passion had a positive effect on exercise continuation intention. Furthermore, sports confidence was identified as a variable that increased the intention to continue exercising. The coach’s support played a partial role as a moderating variable for exercise passion, sports confidence, and exercise continuation intention. It was concluded that the athlete’s passion for sports and sports confidence were important variables that increased Taekwondo athletes’ exercise continuation intention. Moreover, the active support and interest of a coach who is able to meet the athlete’s needs and exercise situation are also required.
The Short-Term Consequences of COVID-19 on Mental Health: State of the Art from Available Studies
Authors: Sampogna Gaia , Pompili Maurizio , Fiorillo Andrea
Published: November 2022

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the consequences on mental health have been found to be considerable, with potential effects on the general population and in high-risk groups, with a variety of physiopathological mechanisms [...]
The Transformative Nature of Residential Immersive Life Skills Programs: Integrating Findings from a Five-Year Prospective Study of Program Opportunities, Youth Experiences, and Outcomes
Authors: King Gillian , McPherson Amy C. , Kingsnorth Shauna , Gorter Jan Willem
Published: November 2022

Youth with disabilities often experience limited opportunities to acquire the life skills needed in adulthood. As a result, life skills programs are provided to support life skill development; however, little is known about the active ingredients of these programs, and the sustainability of their effects over time. Accordingly, the aim was to synthesize the findings of a five-year study examining the opportunities, experiences, and outcomes of residential immersive life skills (RILS) programs for youth with disabilities. A multi-method prospective study was conducted involving 38 youth ages 14 to 21 with disabilities (e.g., cerebral palsy, spina bifida) attending one of three RILS programs held over three summers. Program opportunities, youth experiences, and outcomes (self-determination, self-efficacy) were assessed pre- and post-program and 3 and 12 months post-program using standardized questionnaires. Pre-program, 3-month, and 12-month follow-up interviews were held with youth and parents. This research synthesis integrates the findings from nine published articles that used a variety of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. RILS programs provided rich opportunities for youth to experience meaningful social connections, psychological engagement, and choice and control, which were associated with changes over time in multiple domains related to personal growth and preparation for adulthood. Overall, the findings point to the transformative power of RILS programs to propel new life directions for some youth. By creating opportunities for meaningful, challenging, and supportive experiences fulfilling basic needs for relatedness, competency, and autonomy, RILS programs motivate youth to grow and change. More study is needed of program opportunities and capacity-enhancing experiences, as well as longitudinal studies of youth life outcomes. RILS programs have appreciable value in preparing youth for the transition to adult roles and responsibilities.
Effects of Heavy Metal Stress on Physiology, Hydraulics, and Anatomy of Three Desert Plants in the Jinchang Mining Area, China
Authors: Gao Tianpeng , Wang Haoming , Li Changming , Zuo Mingbo , Wang Xueying , Liu Yuan , Yang Yingli , Xu Danghui , Liu Yubing , Fang Xiangwen
Published: November 2022

The physiological mechanisms and phytoremediation effects of three kinds of native quinoa in a desert mining area were studied. We used two different types of local soils (native soil and tailing soil) to analyze the changes in the heavy metal content, leaf physiology, photosynthetic parameters, stem hydraulics, and anatomical characteristics of potted quinoa. The results show that the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of Kochia scoparia were decreased, but intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was increased under heavy metal stress, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was decreased due to non-stomatal limitation. The gas exchange of Chenopodium glaucum and Atriplex centralasiatica showed a decrease in Pn, stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (E) due to stomatal limitation. The three species showed a similar change in heavy metal content; they all showed elevated hydraulic parameters, decreased vessel density, and significantly thickened vessel walls under heavy metal stress. Physiological indicators such as proline content and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased, but the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), as well as catalase (CAT) activity, decreased in these three plants. Therefore, it can be concluded that these three species of quinoa, possibly the most dominant 30 desert plants in the region, showed a good adaptability and accumulation capacity under the pressure of heavy metal stress, and these plants can be good candidates for tailings remediation in the Jinchang desert mining area.
A Scoping Review of Approaches to Improving Quality of Data Relating to Health Inequalities
Authors: Moorthie Sowmiya , Peacey Vicki , Evans Sian , Phillips Veronica , Roman-Urrestarazu Andres , Brayne Carol , Lafortune Louise
Published: November 2022

Identifying and monitoring of health inequalities requires good-quality data. The aim of this work is to systematically review the evidence base on approaches taken within the healthcare context to improve the quality of data for the identification and monitoring of health inequalities and describe the evidence base on the effectiveness of such approaches or recommendations. Peer-reviewed scientific journal publications, as well as grey literature, were included in this review if they described approaches and/or made recommendations to improve data quality relating to the identification and monitoring of health inequalities. A thematic analysis was undertaken of included papers to identify themes, and a narrative synthesis approach was used to summarise findings. Fifty-seven papers were included describing a variety of approaches. These approaches were grouped under four themes: policy and legislation, wider actions that enable implementation of policies, data collection instruments and systems, and methodological approaches. Our findings indicate that a variety of mechanisms can be used to improve the quality of data on health inequalities at different stages (prior to, during, and after data collection). These findings can inform us of actions that can be taken by those working in local health and care services on approaches to improving the quality of data on health inequalities.
Why Do Drivers’ Collision Avoidance Maneuvers Tend to Cause SUVs to Sideslip or Rollover on Horizontal Curve and Grade Combinations?—An Analysis of the Causes Based on a Modified Multibody Dynamics Model
Authors: Xu Jinliang , Lv Wenzhen , Gao Chao , Bi Yufeng , Mu Minghao , E Guangxun
Published: November 2022

The extent to which drivers’ collision avoidance maneuvers affect the safety margins of sideslip and rollover is not captured by road geometric design theory. To quantify the effects of drivers’ collision avoidance maneuvers on the safety margins of sport utility vehicles (SUVs) on horizontal curve and grade combinations, a modified 8-degree-of-freedom multibody model based on SUVs was developed. The model was then used to calculate the design safety margins of sideslip and rollover for steady states and the actual safety margins for collision avoidance maneuvers. Subsequently, the design safety margin reduction rate (the difference between the design and actual safety margins divided by the design safety margin) was calculated and used to assess the safety margins. The results showed that the safety margins of SUVs were significantly reduced by braking, lane changing, and lane changing with braking. The marginal effects indicated that the greater the deceleration and the shorter the lane change duration, the greater the effect on the safety margins, particularly the sideslip safety margin. Furthermore, when the SUV was driven at 80 km·h−1 on grades with a horizontal curve radius of 270 m and 400 m, the sideslip safety margin with emergency braking (deceleration over −4.5 m·s−2) was reduced by 71% and 21%, and the rollover safety margin was reduced by 11% and 5%, respectively. Under these conditions, an emergency lane change (lane change duration less than 2 s) caused the SUV to sideslip and reduced the rollover safety margin by 47% (curve radius 270 m) and 45% (curve radius 400 m). Therefore, drivers’ collision avoidance maneuvers are a factor that cannot be neglected in alignment design.
Learning Circles: A Collaborative Approach to Enhance Local, Healthy and Traditional Foods for Youth in the Northerly Community of Hazelton/Upper Skeena, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: McEachern Louise W. , Harris Sandra , Valaitis Renata , Watson Anissa , Yessis Jennifer , Zupko Barbara , Hanning Rhona M.
Published: November 2022

Youth health, long-term food sovereignty and the reclamation of traditional food-related knowledge are areas of concern within Indigenous communities in Canada. Learning Circles: Local Healthy Food to School (LC:LHF2S) built on an exemplar program in four predominantly Indigenous communities. In each, the initiative worked with interested community members to plan, implement and evaluate a range of activities aimed at enhancing access to local, healthy and traditional foods for schools and youth. This case study describes the context, process, outcomes and perceptions of implementation in one of the communities, Hazelton/Upper Skeena, located in northern British Columbia. Data were collected between 2016–2019 and included semi-directed interviews with community members and LCEF (n = 18), process reporting (e.g., LCEF reports, emails, conference calls and tracking data), photographs and video footage, and photovoice. Data were analyzed thematically. Hazelton/Upper Skeena has an active local and traditional food culture. Indigenous governance was supportive, and community members focused on partnership and leadership development, gardens, and food skills work. Findings point to strengths; traditional food, knowledge and practices are valued by youth and were prioritized. LC:LHF2S is a flexible initiative that aims to engage the broader community, and exemplifies some of the best practices recommended for community-based initiatives within Indigenous communities. Results indicate that a LC is a feasible venture in this community; one that can facilitate partnership-building and contribute to increased access to local and traditional food among school-aged youth. Recommendations based on community input may help the uptake of the model in similar communities across Canada, and globally.
The Impact of Public Health Education on Migrant Workers’ Medical Service Utilization
Authors: Zhou Deshui , Cheng Lanyan , Wu Hainan
Published: November 2022

Based on the dynamic monitoring survey data of China’s migrant population (CMDS) in 2017, this study analyzes the impact of public health education on migrant workers’ medical service utilization. The study found that public health education can significantly promote the utilization of migrant workers’ medical services and has a greater effect on the older generation groups, those who received secondary and higher education, and those working in first-tier cities. By distinguishing different types of public health education, it is found that smoking control education has the most obvious effect. Further differentiating disease types, the study found that the promotion effect of receiving occupational disease education is the highest, while the effect of receiving STD/AIDS education is relatively low. The mechanism test indicates that public health education has significantly improved migrant workers’ utilization of medical services by influencing their health literacy, social network, and psychological integration.
High Achievers from Low Family Socioeconomic Status Families: Protective Factors for Academically Resilient Students
Authors: Yan Yan , Gai Xiaosong
Published: November 2022

Students with low family socioeconomic status (SES) often have lower academic achievement than their peers with high family SES, as has been widely demonstrated. Nevertheless, there is a group of students beating the odds and achieving academic excellence despite the socio-economic background of their families. The students who have the capacity to overcome adversities and achieve successful educational achievements are referred to as academically resilient students. This study’s purpose was to identify the protective factors among academically resilient students. A total of 46,089 students from 303 primary schools in grade 6, 55,477 students from 256 junior high schools in grade 9, and 37,856 students from 66 high schools in grade 11 in a city in northeast China participated in the large-scale investigation. Students completed a structured questionnaire to report their demographic information, psychological characteristics, and three academic tests. A causal comparative research model was applied to determine significant protective factors associated with resilient students (referring to students are resilient if they are among the 25% most socio-economically disadvantaged students in their city but are able to achieve the top 25% or above in all three academic domains). Multivariable logistic regression analyses found that the intrinsic protective factors for resilient students included higher proportion of academic importance identity, higher proportion of achievement approaching motivation, longer-term future educational expectation, and more positive academic emotion compared with non-resilient students; the extrinsic protective factors included parents’ higher proportion of positive expectations for their children’ future development, as well as more harmonious peer and teacher–student relationships. The results of this study provide important targets for psychological intervention of disadvantaged students, and future intervention studies can increase their likelihood of becoming resilient students by improving their recognition of the importance of learning, stronger motivation for achievement approaching, longer-term expectations for future academic careers, and positive academic emotions and harmonious teacher–student relationships.
TULA-Family Regulators of Platelet Activation
Authors: Kunapuli Satya P. , Tsygankov Alexander Y.
Published: November 2022

The two members of the UBASH3/TULA/STS-protein family have been shown to critically regulate cellular processes in multiple biological systems. The regulatory function of TULA-2 (also known as UBASH3B or STS-1) in platelets is one of the best examples of the involvement of UBASH3/TULA/STS proteins in cellular regulation. TULA-2 negatively regulates platelet signaling mediated by ITAM- and hemITAM-containing membrane receptors that are dependent on the protein tyrosine kinase Syk, which currently represents the best-known dephosphorylation target of TULA-2. The biological responses of platelets to collagen and other physiological agonists are significantly downregulated as a result. The protein structure, enzymatic activity and regulatory functions of UBASH3/TULA/STS proteins in the context of platelet responses and their regulation are discussed in this review.
Treatment with EV-miRNAs Alleviates Obesity-Associated Metabolic Dysfunction in Mice
Authors: Castaño Carlos , Meza-Ramos Aline , Batlle Montserrat , Guasch Eduard , Novials Anna , Párrizas Marcelina
Published: November 2022

Most cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be detected circulating in blood. We and others have shown that the microRNA contents of these vesicles induce transcriptomic changes in acceptor cells, contributing to the adjustment of metabolic homeostasis in response to environmental demands. Here, we explore the potential for modulating obesity- and exercise-derived EV-microRNAs to treat the metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity in mice. Treatment with EV-miRNAs alleviated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in obese mice to an extent similar to that of high-intensity interval training, although only exercise improved cardiorespiratory fitness and decreased body weight. Mechanistically, EV-miRNAs decreased fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways in the liver, reducing hepatic steatosis and increasing insulin sensitivity, resulting in decreased glycemia and triglyceridemia. Our data suggest that manipulation of EV-miRNAs may be a viable strategy to alleviate metabolic dysfunction in obese and diabetic patients who are unable to exercise, although actual physical activity is needed to improve cardiorespiratory fitness.
Insect-Microorganism Interaction Has Implicates on Insect Olfactory Systems
Authors: Ai Shupei , Zhang Yuhua , Chen Yaoyao , Zhang Tong , Zhong Guohua , Yi Xin
Published: November 2022

Olfaction plays an essential role in various insect behaviors, including habitat selection, access to food, avoidance of predators, inter-species communication, aggregation, and reproduction. The olfactory process involves integrating multiple signals from external conditions and internal physiological states, including living environments, age, physiological conditions, and circadian rhythms. As microorganisms and insects form tight interactions, the behaviors of insects are constantly challenged by versatile microorganisms via olfactory cues. To better understand the microbial influences on insect behaviors via olfactory cues, this paper summarizes three different ways in which microorganisms modulate insect behaviors. Here, we deciphered three interesting aspects of microorganisms-contributed olfaction: (1) How do volatiles emitted by microorganisms affect the behaviors of insects? (2) How do microorganisms reshape the behaviors of insects by inducing changes in the synthesis of host volatiles? (3) How do symbiotic microorganisms act on insects by modulating behaviors?
Assessment of Chestnut Gall Toughness: Implications for a Biocontrol Agent
Authors: Ferracini Chiara , Pogolotti Cristina , Giacosa Simone , Fontana Eleonora Vittoria , Rolle Luca , Alma Alberto
Published: November 2022

(1) Torymus sinensis, the biocontrol agent of the Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus, is univoltine, but in NW Italy a small percentage of individuals exhibits a prolonged diapause, mainly as late instar larva. (2) In 2020, the diapause was investigated to evaluate its trend over the years. Due to the low survival rate of diapausing T. sinensis adults, the seasonal variation in the galls’ toughness was evaluated, thus assuming that dry galls over time can negatively affect emergence. The window of vulnerability of the gall wasp galls was also evaluated in controlled conditions. (3) The results showed that the average number of second year T. sinensis emerging per 100 cells was 0.41 ± 0.05, and dead adults accounted for 4.1 ± 0.23 per 100 cells. Gall toughness resulted in lower values for galls collected in May and June, and then gradually increased over time. In general, no difference was detected in the wall toughness of galls formed during the previous year when compared to current-year dry galls. Oviposition was recorded on all the tested galls collected in May and June, and no difference in the number of oviposition events was detected. Conversely, no oviposition was observed in July. Comparing the number of oviposition events by T. sinensis and the gall toughness, a negative correlation was found (R2 = −0.99). (4) The present findings contribute descriptive information on this gall’s structural traits, and the influence on gall wasp management is also discussed.
Four New Species of Macquartia (Diptera: Oestroidea) from China and Phylogenetic Implications of Tachinidae
Authors: Li Henan , Zhang Baihui , Pei Wenya , Sun Haoran , Chen Jinliang , Gao Xinzhang , Peng Honglin , Zhang Dong , Zhang Chuntian
Published: November 2022

Macquartia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae, Tachininae) represents one of the most ancient evolutionary lineages of tachinids, parasitizing Chrysomelidae larvae. We found four new Macquartia species collected by malaise traps, namely M. brunneisquama sp. nov., M. chinensis sp. nov., M. flavifemorata sp. nov., and M. flavipedicel sp. nov. These new species are described and illustrated, and their comparison with congeners as well as an identification key to the 12 species of Macquartia from China known to date are included. To determine the significance of the mitogenome architecture and evolution across different tachinid lineages of this primitive taxonomic group, four complete mitochondrial genomes were sequenced, annotated, and analyzed. The gene arrangements are consistent with the ancestral insect mitogenomes. The full-length sequences and protein-coding genes (PCGs) of the mitogenomes of the four species are all AT-biased. Analyses of Ka/Ks and overall p-genetic distance demonstrated that nad5 showed the highest evolutionary rate and nad1/nad4L were the most conserved genes among the four species. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on 13 PCGs strongly supported the monophyly of Macquartia, and the relationships of the four species are (M. flavifemorata + (M. flavipedicel + (M. brunneisquama + M. chinensis))). This study will help enhance our understanding of the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships in Tachinidae.
Combination of Spirulina platensis, Ganoderma lucidum and Moringa oleifera Improves Cardiac Functions and Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Biomarkers in Preclinical Models of Short-Term Doxorubicin-Mediated Cardiotoxicity: New Frontiers in Cardioncology?
Authors: Quagliariello Vincenzo , Basilicata Manuela Giovanna , Pepe Giacomo , De Anseris Raffaele , Di Mauro Annabella , Scognamiglio Giosuè , Palma Giuseppe , Vestuto Vincenzo , Buccolo Simona , Luciano Antonio , Barbieri Massimiliano , Bruzzese Francesca , Maurea Carlo , Pumpo Rossella , Ostacolo Carmine , Campiglia Pietro , Berretta Massimiliano , Maurea Nicola
Published: November 2022

Anthracyclines are essential adjuvant therapies for a variety of cancers, particularly breast, gastric and esophageal cancers. Whilst prolonging cancer-related survival, these agents can induce drug-related cardiotoxicity. Spirulina, Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) and Moringa are three nutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory effects that are currently used in cancer patients as complementary and alternative medicines to improve quality of life and fatigue. We hypothesize that the nutraceutical combination of Spirulina, Reishi and Moringa (Singo) could reduce inflammation and cardiotoxicity induced by anthracyclines. Female C57Bl/6 mice were untreated (Sham, n = 6) or treated for 7 days with short-term doxorubicin (DOXO, n = 6) or Singo (Singo, n = 6), or pre-treated with Singo for 3 days and associated with DOXO for remaining 7 days (DOXO–Singo, n = 6). The ejection fraction and radial and longitudinal strain were analyzed through transthoracic echocardiography (Vevo 2100, Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan). The myocardial expressions of NLRP3, DAMPs (galectin-3 and calgranulin S100) and 13 cytokines were quantified through selective mouse ELISA methods. Myocardial fibrosis, necrosis and hypertrophy were analyzed through immunohistochemistry (IHC). Human cardiomyocytes were exposed to DOXO (200 nM) alone or in combination with Singo (at 10, 25 and 50 µg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. Cell viability and inflammation studies were also performed. In preclinical models, Singo significantly improved ejection fraction and fractional shortening. Reduced expressions of myocardial NLRP3 and NF-kB levels in cardiac tissues were seen in DOXO–Singo mice vs. DOXO (p < 0.05). The myocardial levels of calgranulin S100 and galectin-3 were strongly reduced in DOXO–Singo mice vs. DOXO (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry analysis indicates that Singo reduces fibrosis and hypertrophy in the myocardial tissues of mice during exposure to DOXO. In conclusion, in the preclinical model of DOXO-induced cardiotoxicity, Singo is able to improve cardiac function and reduce biomarkers involved in heart failure and fibrosis.
Hemodynamic Analysis Shows High Wall Shear Stress Is Associated with Intraoperatively Observed Thin Wall Regions of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Veeturi Sricharan S. , Patel Tatsat R. , Baig Ammad A. , Chien Aichi , Monteiro Andre , Waqas Muhammad , Snyder Kenneth V. , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Tutino Vincent M.
Published: November 2022

Background: Studying the relationship between hemodynamics and local intracranial aneurysm (IA) pathobiology can help us understand the natural history of IA. We characterized the relationship between the IA wall appearance, using intraoperative imaging, and the hemodynamics from CFD simulations. Methods: Three-dimensional geometries of 15 IAs were constructed and used for CFD. Two-dimensional intraoperative images were subjected to wall classification using a machine learning approach, after which the wall type was mapped onto the 3D surface. IA wall regions included thick (white), normal (purple-crimson), and thin/translucent (red) regions. IA-wide and local statistical analyses were performed to assess the relationship between hemodynamics and wall type. Results: Thin regions of the IA sac had significantly higher WSS, Normalized WSS, WSS Divergence and Transverse WSS, compared to both normal and thick regions. Thicker regions tended to co-locate with significantly higher RRT than thin regions. These trends were observed on a local scale as well. Regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation between WSS and thin regions and a significant negative correlation between WSSD and thick regions. Conclusion: Hemodynamic simulation results were associated with the intraoperatively observed IA wall type. We consistently found that elevated WSS and WSSNorm were associated with thin regions of the IA wall rather than thick and normal regions.