bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of migration in the Brazilian state of Goiás and the Federal District in the last decades
Authors: Amaral Ernesto F. L. , Rodrigues Roberto do Nascimento , Fígoli Moema Gonçalves Bueno
Published: July 2018

Title in Portuguese: Síntese da migração em Goiás e no Distrito Federal nas últimas décadasAbstract: This article presents research about migratory movements in Goiás and Distrito Federal, Brazil. It synthesizes a picture of larger population attraction areas in the Centro-Oeste, Goiânia micro-regions, and Distrito Federal's Entorno. Initially, it indicates a migratory redriving to the region in the 70's, originated from capital development in agriculture, with agriculture mechanization and alteration of social relations of production. Such changes in the previous situation of population absorption, gives place to a larger worker’s flow towards the cities. The final part of the article brings a migration profile of these regions, based on literature categories for migration flows and territory redefinition both induced by agriculture modernization. Also, the authors utilize techniques of migration analyses and compare trends of the two fundamental areas with data of 16 Goiás micro-regions.Resumo: O artigo trata dos movimentos migratórios em Goiás e no Distrito Federal, sintetizando o panorama que se forma nas áreas de maior atração de contingentes populacionais na Região Centro-Oeste, as microrregiões de Goiânia e Entorno do Distrito Federal. De início, localiza nos anos setenta um redirecionamento migratório na região, decorrente do desenvolvimento do capital na agricultura, que mecaniza lavouras e altera as relações sociais de produção. O predomínio no período anterior, da absorção de excedentes populacionais de outras regiões, dá lugar, nos anos seguintes, a um maior fluxo de trabalhadores em direção às cidades. Na última parte, os autores traçam um perfil da migração nas regiões estudadas, recorrendo a classificações da literatura para fluxos migratórios e a redefinições do território provocadas pela modernização agrícola. Também sustentam o estudo, técnicas de análise de migração e comparações das tendências nas duas áreas principais com os dados das 16 microrregiões de Goiás.
Probabilistic Patents
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

Economists often assume that a patent gives its owner a well-defined legalright to exclude others from practicing the invention described in thepatent. In practice, however, the rights afforded to patent holders arehighly uncertain. Under patent law, a patent is no guarantee of exclusionbut more precisely a legal right to try to exclude. Since only 0.1% of allpatents are litigated to trial, and since nearly half of fully litigatedpatents are declared invalid, this distinction is critical to understandingthe economic impact of patents. The growing recognition among economistsand legal scholars that patents are probabilistic property rights hassignificant implications for our understanding of patents in four importantareas: (1) reform of the system by which patents are granted; (2) the legaltreatment of patents in litigation; (3) the incentives of patent holdersand alleged infringers to settle their disputes through licensing orcross-licensing agreements rather than litigate them to completion; and (4)the antitrust limits on agreements between rivals that settle actual orthreatened patent litigation.
TOURISM IMPLICATIONS ON LOCAL WASTE MANAGEMENT. CASE STUDY: NEAM COUNTY, ROMANIA
Authors: MIHAI Florin Constantin
Published: July 2018

The paper examines tourism as a potential source of waste generation inurban and rural areas from Neam County. An assessment method is proposed andthe final result is mapping the process at local scale. In order to analyzethe tourismimpact on the local waste management system, the waste generated by tourists(estimated values) is related to local household waste generation. Thispaper outlines the disparities within cities and communes and it alsoanalyses the bad practices of tourists supported by field observations
What is Grey About the ‘Grey Market’ in Antiquities
Authors: Yates Donna
Published: July 2018

The global market in antiquities has been described as a ‘grey market’ in discussions by various commentators of the problem of illicit cultural property. In this contribution, we set out to interrogate that terminology, ultimately providing (we hope) a definitive breakdown of the meanings and implications of the idea of ‘greyness’ as it applies to this particular illicit market. As we shall see, the term ‘grey market’ has been rather liberally applied by researchers working on illicit markets in cultural objects, and is in danger of becoming a generic but unrefined synonym for the interface between certain illicit practices in excavation and the public antiquities trade. It would seem helpful therefore at this point in the development of the research evidence base on illicit antiquities – and particularly in the context of the theme and other contributions in this book – to pause and reflect on what we mean when we observe greyness in this market.
Selling Out: The Inauthenticity Discount in the Craft Beer Industry
Authors: Frake Justin
Published: July 2018

This paper investigates why audiences devalue organizations that behaveinauthentically. One explanation is that inauthenticity leads to lowerperceptions of product quality. This stems from the audience's doubt of aninauthentic actor's capability and commitment to produce high qualitygoods. Another explanation is that audiences discount the symbolic value --or what the good represents -- of goods from inauthentic actors. Iempirically test each of these mechanisms in the craft beer industry.First, I exploit exogenous variation in consumers' knowledge of craftbrewers' inauthentic identity (whether they are owned by a corporatebrewer) to empirically demonstrate an inauthenticity discount. Next, Idecompose audience evaluations to show that knowledge of a producer'sinauthenticity does not have a statistically significant impact onevaluators' sensory experience of the product, but that it does affectaudience evaluations of the product's symbolic value.
How Fair Use Can Help Solve the Orphan Works Problem
Authors: Urban Jennifer
Published: July 2018

*Abstract: *Many works that libraries, archives, and historical societies would like to digitize are “orphan works,” that is, works for which the copyright holder either is unknown or cannot be located after a diligent search. Due to copyright risk if an owner later shows up, nonprofit libraries and similar institutions have been reluctant to digitize and make these works available, greatly limiting access to important cultural and historical information.While a legislative fix may soon be proposed, this Article argues that legislation is not necessary to enable some uses of orphan works by nonprofit libraries and archives. Instead, U.S. copyright law’s fair use doctrine, which allows certain unpermissioned uses of copyrighted works, provides a partial solution.Though it is an incomplete solution, fair use has some significant advantages over other approaches through which libraries and archives could make publicly beneficial uses of orphan works. Under fair use, there is no need to develop a licensing system, significantly reducing administrative and transactional costs, and eliminating socially wasteful license fees for works that are not on the market, and for which an owner is unlikely to exist. Second, fair use has the flexibility to accommodate change over time as libraries and archives discover the best ways to search for owners, preserve works, and make them available. Finally, allowing fair use of orphans by libraries and archives helps fulfill copyright’s critical purposes of promoting the dissemination of knowledge and supporting speech and free expression.Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2089526
Videos virales en Chile
Authors: Rosselot Javiera
Published: July 2018

Currently, it is increasingly common to watch viral videos and use their phrases in everyday life. Whether through memes, social networks or orally, viral videos have reached much of the population in Chile. Especially, it is part of the life of young people, who are the basis of informants used for this article. However, there are practically no academic studies on the subject, at least in Chile. This article then, although in no way tries to exhaust the different dimensions that reach the viral videos in Chile, serves as a first approximation to legitimize viral videos in the juvenile daily life as a matter of social sciences. Also, helps to see how this logic operates. ¿What is behind viral videos?, ¿why are they used?
Social Science Genetics and Fertility
Authors: Tropf Felix C
Published: July 2018

To what extent do genes influence the age at which you have your first child and the total number of children that you have? Does the (social) environment change genetic effects on fertility? Do genes lead to spurious associations between life outcomes such as education and age at first birth? The social sciences have been reticent to integrate a genetic approach to the study of fertility choice and behaviour, resulting in theories and findings that are largely socially deterministic. This dissertation investigates genetic and environmental influences on human fertility—aswell as their interplay—using both twin data as well as molecular genetic data of more than 31,000 genotyped individuals from 6 countries.
Factors contributing the outcome of Schizophrenia in developing and developed countries: A brief review
Authors: Rahman Mahmudur
Published: July 2018

AbstractAccording to WHO,schizophrenia is a severe form of mental illness affecting about 7 per thousandof the adult population, mostly in the age group 15-35 years. Though theincidence is low (3-10,000), the prevalence is high due to chronicity. Schizophrenia is occurring in both developingand developed countries.The remission rate is higher in developing countries compared to the developedones. There are some compelling factors that may influence the outcome ofschizophrenia includes gender, employment, marital status, family support,illness myths, family burden, duration of untreated psychosis etc. In this review we have discussed the epidemiology,pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and finally the factors that influencethe outcome of schizophrenia in developing and developed countries. Mahmudur Rahman B. Pharm. (Hons.), M. Pharm (Thesis), M.Sc. in Pharm (Thesis), RegPharmBDPhD StudentSouthern Cross Plant Science | Southern Cross UniversityLismore, NSW 2480, Australiahttp://scu.edu.au/scps/index.php/166Assistant Professor (on leave),Department of Pharmacy. Northern University Bangladesh. 24, Mirpur Road, Globe Centre, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.http://www.nub.ac.bd/pims/faculty-member/mr28vw4a/mr.-mahmudur-rahmanURL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mahmudur_Rahman3?hl=enhttps://scholar.google.com./citations?hl=en&user=17qL1a8AAAAJCallSend SMSCall from mobileAdd to SkypeYou'll need Skype Credit
Examining Patent Examination
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

The USPTO receives more applications today than it ever has before. Whathappens to those applications? Patent prosecutors all have stories andpersonal experiences. Until quite recently, however, this sort of“anecdata” was all that was available, because the law prevented anyonefrom every finding out what happened to patent applications that did notultimately issue as patents.That changed in 2001, when the PTO began publishing data on pendingapplications, and when the PAIR system allowed the public to track the fateof those applications in real time. In this paper, we use those changes toreport – for the first time ever – systematic data on the fate ofapplications in the PTO. We are able to confirm much received wisdom, butalso to offer some surprising results.
Conceptual Overlap between Stimuli Increases Misattribution of Internal Experience
Authors: Ecker Yael , Bar-Anan Yoav
Published: July 2018

People make sense of their internal experiences by attributing them to objects (I am excited because he is here). This attribution decision influences one’s opinion of the object (I like him). Misattribution occurs when the internal experience is triggered by one object (a prime), but attributed to another (a target). The present research used the Affect Misattribution Procedure to examine the influence of conceptual overlap between the prime and the target on misattribution of valenced internal experiences. For instance, would people misattribute the pleasure activated by a flower prime to a target flower more than to a person? We argue that the valence of the internal experience does not enter the attribution process alone, but is rather accompanied by semantic properties related to the object that generated the experience. Consequently, misattribution occurs more when prime and target are conceptually similar. Four experiments (Total N = 3,183) supported that prediction, using diverse primes and targets. The results suggest that the semantic properties of the internal experience help guide the attribution process.
Academic inbreeding and publication activities of Russian faculty
Authors: Alipova Olga , Lovakov Andrey
Published: July 2018

The literature on the consequences of academic inbreeding shows ambiguous results: some papers show that inbreeding positively influences research productivity measured by the quantity and quality of publications, while others demonstrate the opposite effect. There are contradictory results both in the studies of different countries and within countries. This variety of results makes it impossible to transfer the findings from one academic system to another, and in Russia this problem has been under-explored. This paper focuses on the relationship between inbreeding and publication activity among Russian faculty. The research was conducted using the data from the ‘Monitoring of educational markets and organizations’ survey. The results show that there is no significant effect of academic inbreeding on publication productivity: no substantial and robust differences in publication activity between inbreds and non-inbred have been found. The paper finishes with the discussion of possible explanations inherent in the Russian academic system.
Rotten, stale, fresh: three flavors of heritability
Authors: Gamma Alex , Liebrenz Michael
Published: July 2018

The concept of heritability in behavioral genetics is different from the more standard concept used in biology. The former is a statistical measure of the proportion of genetic variance relative to the total phenotypic variance of a trait in a population, the latter refers to the transmission of phenotypic traits across generations via the transmission of an underlying causal substrate (genes). It will be argued that the behavioral-genetic concept is a generally useless quantity, while the standard biological concept is overly narrow and implies a false picture of the significance of genes in development. By suitably expanding standard heritability into a general causal concept based on its role in evolution, we will arrive at a general view of development that recognizes the causal parity of all determinants of phenotypic traits and shows why the behavioral genetic dichotomy of genes vs environment is fundamentally misguided. Some implications for criminology and the social sciences will be addressed.
Some Cautionary Tales About Collective Licensing
Authors: Butler Brandon Collins , Band Jonathan
Published: July 2018

Collective licensing occurs where a single agent is empowered to license uses on behalf of many individual copyright holders. Agents can be empowered voluntarily, with copyright holders opting in to permit licensing of their works, or they can be established or empowered by statute. Collective licensing has been suggested as a possible solution for the obstacle copyright law places in the path of new uses of works enabled by innovative technologies. Collective licensing does have the potential to reduce transaction costs when a large number of works are licensed to a large number of users, thereby benefiting both rightsholders and users. However, the track record of collective organizations (CROs), the entities that manage collective licenses, reveals that they often fail to live up to that potential. Although there are a wide variety of CROs operating under divergent legal frameworks, many unfortunately share the characteristic of serving their own interests at the expense of artists and the public. In discussions of copyright policy, lawmakers generally consider two broad stakeholder groups: authors on the one hand and the general public on the other. This paper will examine how CROs have done significant harm to each of the groups they are supposed to help.
濫用される国際比較調査と日本の世論形成: International Fertility Decision-making Survey と少子化社会対策大綱
Authors: Tanaka Sigeto
Published: July 2018

Paper read at the 61st meeting of Japan Association for Mathematical Sociology. This paper criticizes International Fertility Decision-making Study (IFDMS) about its validity and comparability, mainly based on the Japanese version questionnaire.
On the way to the creation of hybrid forms of human: human organs in animals
Authors: Kozhevnikova Magdalena
Published: July 2018

The article reviews the most recent research in the field of human organs grown in animals. The primary aim of such researches is therapeutic and involves xenotransplantation development. Yet, these experiments open the door to the creation of hybrid form of human. The author scrutinizeslegislative regulations recently introduced in the United Kingdom and a range of ethical problems related to the creation of chimaeras of human and animal in therapeutic purposes.
Marxist Explanations for Financialization: A Critical Review
Authors: Guven Baris
Published: July 2018

The paper provides a critical review of the main Marxist explanations for financialization of the US economy. It also contributes to the Marxist literature by emphasizing the link between neoliberalism and financialization, and flexible accumulation and financialization. Specifically, we argue that investment bankers played a leading role in initiating the constitution of neoliberalism in the face of the geographical reorientation of the industrial capital, and that the shareholder principle that came to dominate the corporate governance has led to the changes in the organizational and employment structure of big corporations contributing to the formation of flexible labor market structure.
Is the Sky Falling on the Content Industries?
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

Content owners claim they are doomed, because in the digital environment,they can't compete with free. But they've made such claims before. Thisshort essay traces the history of content owner claims that newtechnologies will destroy their business over the last two centuries. Nonehave come to pass. It is likely the sky isn't falling this time either. Isuggest some ways content may continue to thrive in the digital environment.
Does Trust in Government Increase Support for Redistribution? Evidence from Randomized Survey Experiments
Authors: Peyton Kyle
Published: July 2018

Why have decades of high and rising inequality in the United States not increased public support for redistribution? An established theory in political science holds that Americans’ distrust of government decreases their support for redistribution, but empirical support draws primarily on regression analyses of national surveys. I discuss the untestable assumptions required for identification with regression modeling and propose an alternative design that uses randomized experiments about political corruption to identify the effect of trust in government on support for redistribution under weaker assumptions. I apply this to three survey experiments and estimate the effects that large, experimentally-induced increases in political trust have on support for redistribution. Contrary to theoretical predictions, estimated effects are substantively negligible, statistically indistinguishable from zero, and comparable to estimates from two placebo experiments. I discuss implications for theory-building about causes of support for redistribution in an era of rising inequality and eroding confidence in government.
Hook Up Culture: Setting a New Research Agenda
Authors: Wade Lisa
Published: July 2018

Summarizing the major findings of literature on hook up culture, we propose a new research agenda focusing on when and why this sexual subculture emerged. We explore a series of hypotheses to explain this sexual paradigm shift, including: college and university policies; the gender distribution of students; changes in the nature of alcohol use; access to and consumption of pornography; the increased sexual content of non-pornographic media; rising self-objectification and narcissism; new marriage norms; and perceptions of sexual risk. We then recommend new directions for research, emphasizing the need to explore structural and psychological as well as cultural factors, the role of discrete events alongside slowly-emerging social change, the need for intersectional research and studies of non-college-attending and post-college youth, and the benefits of longitudinal and cross-college designs.
Sow the wind, reap the whirlwind? Mobilization cascades in direct democratic initiatives
Authors: Kovic Marko
Published: July 2018

Caveat emptor: I have retired this manuscript. I will not improve on it any more, and it will not be published in a peer-reviewed journal.This paper explores the possibility of mobilization cascades in direct democratic popular initiatives. A mobilization cascade is a salience-based mobilizing effect whereby one popular initiative has a positive mobilizing effect on a subsequent popular initiative that deals with with a similar policy issue. The existence of a mobilization cascade would imply that voters develop salience for and positive attitudes towards policy issues merely through direct-democratic exposure to those policy issues in the recent past. In order to explore the mobilization cascade, I analyze three popular initiative pairs from Switzerland from the years 2012, 2013 and 2014. In each year, two initiatives dealt with similar policy issues, and the second initiative in each pair was making more far-reaching demands. The results suggest that a mobilization cascade might exist, but that it is probably a weak effect.
Emotional Value Attribution and Comparative Value Assessment – Analytical Elements for a Sociology of Valuation and Evaluation
Authors: Krueger Anne K. , Reinhart Martin
Published: July 2018

The sociology of valuation and evaluation is a ‘booming field’ (Meer and Lamont, 2016: 8) that provides the thematic framework for a plethora of different empirical phenomena. Yet, current debates lament deficiencies in a clear analytical focus and a profound theoretical conceptualization. In this article, we therefore strive for more analytical and theoretical clarity, first, by suggesting an analytical differentiation of value, values, value attribution, and value assessment as the objects of study within this research field. Second, we propose a theoretical conceptualization of valuation as emotional value attribution and evaluation as comparative value assessment. Assuming that value is nothing objectively given, we highlight the role of emotions for answering the question how value attribution relates to the comparative value assessment of persons, practices, ideas, and objects.
Dobrogea School of Economics
Authors: ARTENE Alin
Published: July 2018

At present, we have all the necessary elements to be able to claim that "Dobrogea Economics School in Constanta" really exists in the Romanian and European academic landscape. Among these elements, we take into account those related to tradition, university education programs, valuable teaching staff, material basis, results / scientific visibility, etc. This article provides an approach to the establishment and further development of the Faculty of Economics at "Ovidius" University of Constanta. The continuous development of the collaboration relations with other universities - Romanian and foreign -, with governmental or private institutions, with the business environment, etc. confirms that today there is a Dobrogean School of Economics and, moreover, it has all the chances to last forever.
An archaeology of domestic life in early byzantine Gortyna: stratigraphy, pots and contexts
Authors: Costa Stefano
Published: July 2018

Ceramic finds from the Byzantine Quarter near the Pythion in Gortyna (Crete) are primarily linked to domestic spaces, particularly during the 7th and 8th century. Specific contexts gave the opportunity to investigate the use life of pottery in such domestic spaces, within the changes that happen both in the quarter and in the city as a whole. Submitted for publication in the proceedings volume of the LRCW5 conference (Alexandria, 2014).
Persistence of Prejudice: Estimating the Long Term Effects of Redlining
Authors: Krimmel Jacob
Published: July 2018

As part of a New Deal initiative to minimize home foreclosure, federal government officials and local real estate professionals graded each neighborhood in America’s largest cities on its perceived credit risk. Using recently digitized maps that precisely show neighborhoods marked with red ink (highest risk) or yellow ink (slightly lower risk), I document that surveyors disproportionately assigned the most restrictive credit rating to neighborhoods with black residents. Nearly 90 percent of African Americans in 1940 lived in a census tract marked for credit redlining. Comparing credit-restricted "redlined" census tracts to adjacent "yellow-lined" tracts, I estimate the long-run effects of redlining on housing and neighborhood outcomes. Between 1940 and 1970, redlining was associated with large differential declines in housing supply and population density; homeownership rates and racial composition did not change differentially from their 1940 baseline though. Once discriminatory lending was outlawed during the mid-1970s, there was moderate convergence in homeownership rates and racial composition. However, housing supply and population density remain persistently lower in formerly credit-restricted census tracts relative to their credit-favored neighbors. Although African-American neighborhoods were much more likely to be redlined, I show the effects do not vary by a neighborhood’s initial share of African American residents. Results also hold when restricting the sample to neighborhoods without any black residents in 1940. Taken together, these findings suggest redlining impacted neighborhood housing supply and population independent of pre-war patterns of racial segregation.
Too Many Papers? Slowed Canonical Progress in Large Fields of Science
Authors: Chu Johan S. G. , Evans James
Published: July 2018

We argue that paradigmatic progress may be slowed as scientific fields grow large. This assertion is supported by evidence from citation patterns across 251 fields—over 1 billion citations among 57 million papers over 54 years—covered by the Web of Science dataset. A deluge of papers in a scientific field does not lead to quick turnover of central ideas, but rather to the ossification of canon.
Opioid Deaths by Race in the United States, 2000–2015
Authors: Alexander Monica , Barbieri Magali , Kiang Mathew Vinhhoa
Published: July 2018

The opioid-related mortality rate in the United States more than tripled between 2000 and 2015. However, there were stark differences in the trend for the non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white populations. In this paper we assess differences in opioid deaths by race. We analyze patterns and trends in multiple cause-of-death data to gain a better understanding of how deaths differ by race and what has contributed to changes over time. The trend in race-specific opioid death rates over 2000–2015 can be divided into two periods: 2000–2010 and 2010–2015. The increase in 2000–2010 was more substantial for the white population and was driven by prescription painkillers. Since 2010, the rates of opioid-mortality increase for both the white and black populations have been similar and largely due to heroin and fentanyl-type opioids. For the white population, death rates due to heroin and fentanyl-type drugs decrease with age, but for the black population, the opposite is true. In addition, the number of deaths that involve more than one opioid drug has increased over time, with the rate of increase coinciding with the overall rate of increase in opioid deaths.
Plotinus and Aristotle on the Simplicity of the Divine Intellect
Authors: Greig Jonathan
Published: July 2018

Aristotle and Plotinus both demonstrate the existence of a first principle as cause of the existence of all things. Aristotle puts forward that this first principle is a divine intellect which thinks on itself, and in being the highest being in complete actuality and without potentiality, it is also absolutely simple. Plotinus, on the other hand, sees reason to assert that the divine intellect can not be absolutely simple but a duality of some sort. Thus for Plotinus the first principle, as a cause of unity for all things, must be beyond the divine intellect and beyond being as an absolutely simple principle. Comparing Plotinus to Aristotle, Plotinus’ position appears odd at the outset given that he also holds to the divine intellect being completely in act and that it thinks on itself. Why thinking should be dual even when it is self-referential and unified in its activity is not apparent, and so Aristotle’s position seems the more coherent one. Yet, through an analysis of both positions, this dissertation proposes that Plotinus better accounts for the problem of self-intellection as requiring some form of distinction in thought while maintaining an identity between the subject and object of thought. If absolute simplicity is an essential attribute to being the first principle, Plotinus’ position is ultimately more consistent in positing a first principle beyond the divine intellect while also holding to a more coherent understanding of thinking with his understanding of divine intellect as a duality instead of an absolute simplicity.[MSc thesis for the University of Edinburgh, completed Aug. 14, 2013.][This is an early work that I am interested to revise and update further, especially in light of recent papers on the issue in Plotinus. I welcome any feedback or comments.]
Does Religion Suppress Gender Differences in Values? A Cross-National Examination
Authors: Schnabel Landon
Published: July 2018

Women are typically more liberal than men. But on some issues related to “traditional moral values”—including sexuality and the beginning and end of life—women are just as if not more conservative than men. This study examines the role of religion in complicating the relationship between gender and values cross-nationally, with particular attention to variation across religious groups and contexts. Using data from a diverse set of 56 countries in the World Values Survey (N=85,181), I find that religiousness suppresses what would otherwise be larger and more consistent gender differences in values among Christians. Among most other groups, including Jews, Hindus, Buddhists, Taoists, and Muslims in non-Muslim contexts, religiousness does not greatly alter gender differences in values. However, among Muslims in Muslim-majority contexts—where men tend to be more religious than women—religiousness amplifies what would otherwise be smaller gender differences in values. Accordingly, gender differences in values tend to be larger among Muslims than Christians. I conclude that religions are complex and powerful social structures with heterogeneous social consequences.
Μονοπάτια αγώνα & έρευνας: πτυχές ερευνητικών μεθόδων εργατικής, αγωνιστικής και συμμετοχικής έρευνας δράσης.
Authors: KESISOGLOU GEORGIOS
Published: July 2018

Συνήθως διαπιστώνεται μια μεγάλη απόσταση ανάμεσα στον αγώνα για τη χειραφέτηση της εργατικής τάξης και στην έρευνα που παράγεται στα πανεπιστημιακά πλαίσια. Ακόμα και αν, ως κοινωνική, η έρευνα έχει ως αντικείμενο τις συνθήκες εργασίας και ζωής της εργατικής τάξης, ο συνηθισμένος κανόνας είναι η αντικειμενοποίηση των υποκειμένων της τάξης, η εξουδετέρωση της κίνησης και της δράσης τους, η εξ-ουδετέρωση της δράσης και της κίνησης των ερευνητών, η απομάκρυνση ή δεοντική απαγόρευση της όποιας προοπτικής συνεργασίας, συν-έρευνας, ή κοινών συμφερόντων ερευνητών - ερευνώμενωνi. Στο άρθρο λοιπόν αυτό θα υπάρξει μια προσπάθεια για μια ενδεικτική επισκόπηση των μονοπατιών που συνδυάζουν την ερευνητική επιστημονική προσπάθεια με τον χειραφετητικό αγώνα.
The Future of Cultural Anthropology: A Review of Cannibal Metaphysics
Authors: Smolenski Natalie
Published: July 2018

*Cannibal Metaphysics*, by Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, raisesincontrovertibly the question of what cultural anthropology is—and what itshould be. De Castro places his combative cultural politics at the centerof the theory he builds; his declared cultural enemies are Westernmodernity and science—more broadly, any "mononaturalist" episteme whichposits a shared, objectively knowable world. In opposition to these, headvances a theory of "perspectivism" and "multinaturalism" which isallegedly founded in part on Amerindian "cosmophilosophy." It bearsrepeating, however, that the structural necessity of regional ontologies asan inevitable outgrowth of the indeterminate trajectories of humancollectivities removed from each other at various degrees of distance doesnot preclude at all an anthropology whose purpose is to build a universalhuman understanding of culture and social life. This review was writtenbecause the alternative, which has been gaining extraordinary appeal withinthe discipline, is a-trajective—it leads to listing, without compass, in amorass of virtual exchanges, without building anything that can beconferred and refined as knowledge over time.
Immigrant Fertility in Comparative Perspective: South Africa and the United States
Authors: Aguilera Guadalupe , Korinek Kim
Published: July 2018

International migration spurs demographic change in premier destinations through the proportion of immigrants but also through their fertility levels, as they are often higher than that of native-born women. The context of each migration stream influences the composition thereof and is reflected in the fertility behavior of immigrant women. Data from Statistics South Africa and the United States Census Bureau are used to analyze the odds of giving a birth in the past year for the top three most prominent immigrant groups in each country. Odds ratios from logistic regressions indicate that the fertility differences between nativity subgroups are partially due to the compositional effects of age, marital status, and educational attainment. However, interaction terms and predicted probabilities suggest similar fertility behavior between foreign- and native-born women across different levels of educational attainment in each destination country. The nativity subgroups where fertility differentials exist may be attributable to immigrant subcultures.
Hedging Activities Information and Risk Management Committee Effectiveness: Malaysian evidence
Authors: Abdullah Azrul Bin , Ismail Ku Nor Izah Ku
Published: July 2018

This study examines the extent of information about hedging activities disclosures within the annual reports of Main Market companies listed on Bursa Malaysia. The extent of hedging activities disclosures is captured through a 32-item-template, which consists of a mandatory and voluntary disclosure scores. The results of this study indicate that the extent of information on hedging activities disclosure is still insufficient among the sampled companies even though the disclosure scored is quite high. This study also examines the relationship between the existence of risk management committee (RMC), its characteristics and the extent of information on hedging activities disclosure in two separate statistical models. The regression results imply that the existence of RMC is positive but does not significantly influence the extent of information on hedging activities disclosure. However its characteristics (i.e. RMC independence and RMC meeting) have a significant influence. The findings may provide some meaningful insights to regulators, policymakers and researchers, towards the establishment of RMC as a part of the internal corporate governance mechanisms. In addition to its existence, the effectiveness of RMC also needs to be emphasised.
Journal of the History of Economic Thought Preprints - Keynes, Public Debt and the Complex of Interest Rates
Authors: Aspromourgos Anthony
Published: July 2018

John Maynard Keynes consistently offered qualified endorsement of Abba Lerner’s “functional finance” doctrine – the qualifications particularly turning on Keynes’s attentiveness to policy management of the psychology of the debt market. This article examines Keynes’s understanding of the possible influence of public debt on interest rates, from 1930 forward. With the multiplier a mechanism whereby debt-financed public investment generates matching private saving (net of private investment) plus public saving, it becomes possible for Keynes to conclude that increasing public debt need not place upward pressure on the level of interest rates, so long as policy can successfully manage the psychology of the debt market. This particularly concerns long interest rates and hence, the term structure of rates. His theory of the term structure enables Keynes’s conviction that policy can manage and shape long rates. The conclusion considers also whether Keynes’s caution concerning public debt and interest rates retains relevance today.
Special quantitative methods for orienteering training in areas without orienteering map
Authors: Zhang HaoLing
Published: July 2018

The objective of this study was to deal with the training problem of orienteering in the areas that suitable for orienteering but lack orienteering map since current training methods do not quantify the level of orienteering athletes. This study proposes to use the decomposition method to divide the problem of foot-orienteering into sub-parts and use the special quantitative methods to solve specific sub-problems. Experiments results show that the proficiency of the participants’ sub-skills is increasing. All participants took part in the Orienteering Competition of the National Student, and the team performance increased by nearly 13% and the proportion of the normal athletes who gain the ranking was increased from 0% to 60%. The results of this study demonstrate that applying the decomposition method and the above training methods are effective and reasonable, it also offers a useful solution for coaches to operate training and quantify easily.
Population Exchange and the Politics of Ethno-Religious Fear: the EU-Turkey Agreement on Syrian Refugees in Historical Perspective
Authors: Goalwin Gregory
Published: July 2018

In March, the EU and Turkey reached an agreement in which all refugees who reach Greece through unauthorized means would be returned to Turkey. The deal is the latest effort to ‘stem the tide’ of refugees who have fled the Middle East. Yet this is not the first time negotiations between Europe and Turkey have resulted in an agreement to exchange problematic populations. As part of the negotiations ending WWI, Turkey and Europe agreed to an exchange of populations in which Christians in Turkey would be sent to Greece in exchange for Greece’s small population of Muslims. This project draws upon historical research and contemporary policy to compare the 2016 EU-Turkey Refugee Agreement and the 1923 Greco-Turkish population exchange. A comparative approach reveals the European response to this refugee crisis is not merely an echo of past sentiments, but the product of patterns of prejudice that have structured relationships between majority populations and religious minority and refugee populations, in Europe and Turkey alike.
Leadership and Learning in-between Politics and Practice
Authors: Hultman Glenn
Published: July 2018

This article reports on a study of leadership and learning processes in a complex environment. It concerns the interspaces where politics meets administration, towards the "flows and interaction in multi-organisational contexts". A study of processes in the overlap between the political intentions and their practical realisation, between political actions and everyday leadership. In this case the relationship between politicians, board administration and principals i. e. a triad.An ethnography of a structure in a municipal within the educational/school area, primary and secondary level. Participant observation in two such triads in a larger municipal in southern Sweden over a year every week, most of the days in each week. And interviews during the process and at the end.The study is composed of an active engagement from the participants in the study, being perceived as co-constructors in the research process. An interview does not merely become a "collection of data" with feed-back, but informants are parties in a knowledge-creation conversation, to a certain extent a reciprocal process.This way of "seeing" leadership has not been studied frequently. Yet some researchers, have studied aspects of these triads and contributed with interpretations of use for this study. I make the assumption that it can be productive to see an actor's learning and creation of meaning in terms of "hard data and evaluations" and/or "interactions and encounters". In the triad, this actor is part of a system that comprises the other actors in the triad. A complex system of meaning-making processes is created, and research shows that it is the "interaction"-dimension that dominates the work of leaders. This system can be understood in terms of relations, negotiations and loose-couplings as a manifestation of cultures. I suggest that leadership can be understood as "The Art of Leading Others who Lead Themselves". It is in that "relationships" politics and leadership are enacted.
No Homo: Gendered Dimensions of Homophobic Epithets Online
Authors: Pascoe CJ , Diefendorf Sarah
Published: July 2018

We examine a case of homophobic language online, specifically the deployment of the phrase “no homo,” shorthand for “I’m not a homosexual.” An analysis of 396 instances (comprising 1061 individual tweets) of the use of the phrase “no homo” on the social media platform Twitter suggests that the phrase is a gendered epithet that conveys cultural norms about masculinity. The first finding is that the phrase is used more often by male tweeters than by female tweeters. The second, as predicted by the literature on homophobia, is that the phrase is used in a negative emotional context to convey disapproval for men’s homosexuality or behavior that is not gender normative. The third finding is that the modal use of the phrase “no homo” is in a positive emotional context, accompanying expressions of men’s pleasure, desire, affection, attachment, and friendship. Our analysis suggests that the phrase “no homo” is a gendered one, primarily used by men to facilitate a particularly masculinized construction of positive emotional expression. Our research adds to and complicates findings on the relationship between homophobia and masculinity that suggests that homophobia is an organizing principal of masculinity in western cultures.
Amazon Inc., BEPS, and the New Method of Risk Allocation: Comparing U.S. Jurisprudence and OECD Approaches to Risk Allocation in the Post-BEPS Era of Transfer Pricing
Authors: Lincoln Charles Edward Andrew
Published: July 2018

Will the United States Tax Court apply Action 9’s recommendations regarding risk allocation for transfer pricing purposes?In short, no.The U.S. Tax Court will not apply the OECD BEPS Action 9 Recommendation regarding risk allocation for three reasons. (1) Two Constitutional reasons: (a) the Constitutional cavalcade of hierarchy regarding international law in the United States—much less the precedential value of a secondary source, such as OECD reports. (b) The concept of stare decisis that is embedded in the common law system of the Anglo-American tradition relies on cases being decided as they have been decided in the past. The tradition of upholding prior precedent is not easily broken—except for egregious reasons, such as regarding slavery. (2) Given the status of international law and international secondary sources in the United States in addition to the concept of stare decisis, the U.S. Tax Court—as all courts in the United States—consistently build on judicial application of law. Four key transfer pricing cases since the 1986 transfer pricing tax reforms in the United States will be shown to support the concept of stare decisis.(3) Finally, the most recent transfer pricing case—Amazon—shows that the Court still upholds the prior precedential cases through stare decisis. Moreover—and perhaps more importantly in the international context regarding other countries’ decision to implement Action 9—had the IRS brought the argument of Action 9 forward, not only would the entire case would have been analyzed differently, but the prospect of bringing Action 9’s reasoning forward, the IRS would have for forfeited all claims to the pricing of the transferred intellectual property (IP) to the “empty company”—as will be shown later.
Resisting the Resistance: Resisting Copyright and Promoting Alternatives
Authors: Frosio Giancarlo
Published: July 2018

This article discusses the resistance to the Digital Revolution and the emergence of a social movement “resisting the resistance.” Mass empowerment has political implications that may provoke reactionary counteractions. Ultimately—as I have discussed elsewhere—resistance to the Digital Revolution can be seen as a response to Baudrillard’s call to a return to prodigality beyond the structural scarcity of the capitalistic market economy. In Baudrillard’s terms, by increasingly commodifying knowledge and expanding copyright protection, we are taming limitless power with artificial scarcity to keep in place a dialectic of penury and unlimited need. In this paper, I will focus on certain global movements that do resist copyright expansion, such as creative commons, the open access movement, the Pirate Party, the A2K movement and cultural environmentalism. A nuanced discussion of these campaigns must account for the irrelevance of copyright in the public mind, the emergence of new economics of digital content distribution in the Internet, the idea of the death of copyright, and the demise of traditional gatekeepers. Scholarly and market alternatives to traditional copyright merit consideration here, as well. I will conclude my review of this movement “resisting the resistance” to the Digital Revolution by sketching out a roadmap for copyright reform that builds upon its vision.
The Regulatory Turn in IP
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

We don’t want a "Mother, may I?" regulatory regime for innovation. Aregulatory regime that requires permission to enter the market or develop anew product is a problem for innovation because it relies on thegovernment, not the innovator, to decide the course of innovation. Givingprivate entities "Mother, may I?" control over entry is no better; whilemarket competition is efficient, private decisions by a single actorcontrolling a market generally aren't.Unfortunately, IP law increasingly looks like a regulatory regime, not acommon law mechanism for internalizing social costs. The Copyright Act hasmore and more regulatory characteristics, and copyright owners increasinglyseek to put the government in the position of having to approve new mediatechnologies. Patent law too seems to impose entry barriers, not just inthe pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, where governmentregulation expressly prevents entry, but also in the costs patentenforcement imposes on start-ups in the software industry. The turn towardsregulatory IP does not bode well for innovation and competition.