bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antiproliferative and Antibacterial Potentials of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Bangladeshi Medicinal Plant Tinospora Cordifolia
Authors: Murshid Gazi Monjur , Sohrab Md Hossain , Ahmed Khondoker Shahin , Masud Mohammad Mehedi , Mazid Md Abdul
Published: December 2022

Endophytes provide mutual benefits and produce various biologically active secondary metabolites in plants. Our study was designed to isolate and identify fungal endophytes from fresh leaf and bark of Tinospora cordifolia, coupled with their bioactivity and preliminary chemical screening. Six endophytic fungi were isolated using surface sterilization technique. The fungi were identified by microscopic and molecular characterization and confirmed TCLE-1 as Fusarium perseae, TCLE-2 as Fusarium keratoplasticum, TCLE-3 as fusarium macrosporum, TCBE-1 as Fusarium falciforme and TCBE-2 as well as TCBE-3 leaving unidentified. Isolated strains were cultured in large scale on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and were extracted using ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity of fungal extracts was performed by disc diffusion method and cytotoxicity using HeLa cell line by MTT assay. In antimicrobial test, all the fungal extracts except TCBE-2 showed moderate to potent activity in comparison to the standard kanamycin. All, except TCBE-2, demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity on HeLa cell. Preliminary chemical profiling using thin liquid chromatography (TLC) and analytical high performance liquid chromatography techniques indicated the presence of secondary metabolites in fungal extracts. In conclusion, endophytic fungi reside in the T. cordifolia, a native medicinal plant in Bangladesh, could be a potent source of putative antibacterial and anticancer compounds.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 183-194, 2022 (December)
Economic Activity as an Object of Research
Authors: Kornilova Anna Yu.
Published: December 2022

A study of labor in economic theory has taken an important place until the beginning of the XXI century. The comprehension of labor as a factor of production within the framework of the neoclassical paradigm and the basis of society in the Marxist paradigm led to a contradiction between the creation of economic benefits and the preservation of the world in which a human exists. There has been a need to interpret human activity to explain the influence of economic processes on the external world since the idea of labor in economics does not solve such problems. Economic activity was reviewed by scientists as an act towards a society. At the same time, the theory of activity emphasizes the importance of activity as an object of research and the intentions of people as factors influencing it. It is concluded that in economics it is necessary to consider a human as a part of nature and to investigate his relationship which pursues economic benefits with the elements of nature. The content of economic activity is reviewed in the article and it is concluded that economic activity includes idealization and changing the state of the external world. Idealization is the basis for the cognition of economic phenomena by economic agents and an important method of cognition in modern economics. It anticipates all acts of activity of economic agents, therefore, an understanding of the values that exist in society as a factor that forms an awareness of economic reality. A teleological approach was used in determining of economic activity and the need to study economic reality and to build economic models with a preliminary account of the goal of creating an economic system for the development of humanity in the future was emphasized. The unity of the relationship of a person with other people and nature and the study of it from the standpoint of the possibilities of harmonious and long-term interaction is the basis for the development of socio-economic activity. An important role for the formation of objective knowledge and goals of human activity is played by the economists’ comprehension of the research’s results in the field of philosophy.
The Women Poet: Exploring the Existence of Women and Feminist Values from the Song of Songs 3:1-5
Authors: Pattiserlihun Selvone Christin
Published: December 2022

Aren't humans created equally? in every situation, they are equal whatever the situation. Humans are social creatures who always depend on groups and cannot live alone to the fullest. Biologically, humans are classified based on sex in two forms, namely male (male) and female (female). Both men and women, humans still have the same awareness to express their existence in society. However, the awareness to accept existence (existence) is based on several conditions. The Bible is a place to describe the existence of women in society in terms of religion (Christianity). Women have always been objects and do not have the same existence as men, which was once based on public awareness (which was very patriarchal). One of the love poems, the Song of Solomon, records the existence of women and describes it clearly that women had a unique existence in society at the time of the writing of the Bible even before Jesus. This paper aims to explain the existence of women in Kidung Agung using a feminist literary criticism approach as a writer. The author would like to emphasize that the poem “Dream of the Bride” in Song of Solomon 3:1-5 was written by a woman. In the end, this paper will provide moral values ​​for women today.
Predictors of Quality of Life of Family Caregiver in A Community Setting: Breast and Cervical Cancer Impacts
Authors: Sari Ni Putu Wulan Purnama , Bura Mare Agustina Chriswinda
Published: December 2022

Background: There is a growing trend for those with a terminal illnesses to be cared for by their families at home. Globally, there is a growing governmental policy to engage caregivers, families, and communities in the healthcare delivery system. Family caregivers (FCG) have taken responsibility for the day-to-day care of their ill loved ones at home. A cancer diagnosis is a major event for the person diagnosed and also for his or her family and caregivers. The caregiving activity has a significant impact on FCG’s quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to analyze the best predictor of FCG’s QOL of female cancer patients in a community setting.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved five Public Health Centers (PHCs) among 63 PHCs in Surabaya (7.94%), Indonesia, which were selected by one-stage cluster random sampling. There were 60 FCGs of female cancer patients who participated in this study (n = 60). The Caregiver Quality of Life – Cancer (CQOLC) was a valid and reliable instrument that was used to collect the data. Linear regression and one-way ANOVA tests were used in data analysis (α < .05). Ethical clearance was issued.Results: Most respondents were middle-aged married men with sufficient educational background and still actively working with sufficient income. Their QOL was mostly at a moderate level (Mean ± SD = 62.57 ± 16.23). Burden (p < 0.000), disruptiveness (p = 0.001), and financial concern (p < 0.000) were significantly different between the low, moderate, and high FCG’s QOL. The best predictor of FCG’s QOL of female cancer patients in a community setting was disruptiveness (R2 = 0.622; p < 0.000) compared to burden (R2 = 0.531; p < 0.000) and financial concern (R2 = 0.184; p = 0.001), especially when other family members have not shown interest in caregiving (R2 = 0.539; p < 0.000). Conclusions: FCG’s QOL of female cancer patients in a community setting is at a moderate level. Disruptiveness, burden, and financial concern could predict FCG’s QOL significantly. The other family members’ disinterest in caregiving which belongs to the disruptiveness domain is the best predictor of FCG’s QOL of female cancer patients in a community setting, which accounted for 53.9% variance of QOL in this population
A Case Report of Double Primer Cancer: Malignant Phyllodes Tumor and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
Authors: Sinuraya Lauraine Wijayaningtyas , Yarso Kristanto Yuli
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Multiple primaries have been reported in patients with breast cancer in the range of 4.1% to 16.4%. This report followed the standard Surgical Case Report (SCARE) and discussed two histologically distinct breast cancer malignancies. This paper also explored the risk factor, pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis of multiple primary malignancies in the same organs, especially in the breasts.Case Presentation: The patient was a 45-year-old woman with a lump in the left and right breasts for five years. The patient claimed that the lump was enlarged and painless. The tumor size of the left breast was 3 x 2 x 3 cm, the right breast was 4 x 2 x 4 cm, and the patient had no enlargement of lymph nodes. The patient underwent a biopsy examination of the left breast showing invasive ductal carcinoma NST (No Special Type) 3rd grade with LV1 (+). The biopsy examination of the right breast showed malignant phyllodes tumor. Thus, the patient must undergo chemotherapy and mastectomy as definitive therapy. The patient has already completed the treatment and is currently under evaluation.Conclusion: This report looked for the rare case of double primary malignancies in the breasts. It highlighted double primary cancers starting to increase these days but in a particular way because it happens in the same organ, the breasts. However, medical literature rarely presented a synchronous malignancy case, prompting the publishing of this case. With improved cancer treatment and more prolonged survival, the number of patients with double cancers is increasing.
Study of the Anti-inflammatory Activity of New Dosage Forms with Acyzol
Authors: Golovanenko A. L. , Rudakova I. P. , Berezina E. S. , Alekseeva I. V. , Molokhova E. I.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The defeat of hard tissues of the tooth, accompanied by inflammatory processes, remains today an urgent medical and social problem for the population. Inflammatory processes cause acute pain and often lead to loss of teeth, which causes significant damage to the aesthetic and functional state of the dental system. Despite the large number of drugs created to date, methods for their use, the search and testing of new drugs for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the oral cavity does not lose its relevance and relevance in practical healthcare.

Aim. The purpose of this study was to study the anti-inflammatory activity of new dental dosage forms with Acyzol.

Materials and methods. Serial samples of gels and films with an active pharmaceutical substance – acyzol bis-(1-vinylimidazole)zincdiacetate (ФС 000286 191211.2011, LLC "Makiz-Pharma", Russia, 101218, shelf life 3 years) were used for the study; basic and gel-forming components – Na-KMTs C75 (TU 2231-002-50277563-2000, LLC "Chemical Products Base "Yugreaktiv", Russia, 151119, shelf life 3 years), glycerol (FS.2.2.0006.15 "Glycerin", JSC "Kupavnareaktiv", Russia, 082019, shelf life 3 years), purified water (FS.2.2.0020.18 "Purified water"), nipagin (LLC "Alfa-Veta.com", Russia, 092018, shelf life 3 years), nipazol (LLC "ECOCHEM-INNOVATION", Russia, 071518, shelf life 3 years). The studies were carried out on a model of carrageenan edema during external application of the studied dosage forms of Acyzol, modified taking into account the specifics of the dosage forms.

Results and discussion. An acute inflammatory reaction was induced by subplantar injection of 0.1 ml of a 1 % solution of carrageenin into the hind paw of a rat. An increase in the volume of the foot, indicating the development of edema, was assessed oncometrically before and 3 hours after the administration of the phlogogenic agent. The studied objects in the amount of 0.3 g were applied to the skin of the foot 0.5 hours before the introduction of carrageenan. Statistical processing was carried out according to Student's method using Microsoft Office Excel 2010 Professional software. Based on the results obtained, the effect of inflammation inhibition was determined as a percentage of the control level. The presence of anti-inflammatory action was judged by the severity of inhibition of the inflammatory response. If this indicator was more than 30 %, the result was taken into account as positive.

Conclusion. It has been established that the films and the gel have an anti-inflammatory effect, which was found in the model of carrageenan edema. The results obtained indicate the feasibility of further pharmacological studies and make it possible to recommend the gel and films as an effective tool for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases.
On the Issue of the Effectiveness of the Department for Registration of Medicines
Authors: Foteeva A. V. , Koneva N. A. , Rostova N. B.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. New requirements for the registration of generic drugs after the entry of the Russian Federation into the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the signing of the Agreement on Common Principles and Rules for the Circulation of Medicinal Products identified a number of problems and opportunities that specialists in drug registration and working with regulatory authorities. The presented prospects for drug registration predetermine the list of tasks for the reorganization of the work of the department for work with regulatory authorities and the need to improve the competence of the employees of the manufacturers in order to carry out effective work.

Aim. Assessing critical steps in the generic drug registration process to improve the efficiency and organization of the Regulatory Affairs department.

Materials and methods. The materials of the study were available publications in peer-reviewed journals on thematic queries compiled according to the keywords of the chosen subject, official websites, regulatory legal acts regulating the procedure for registering drugs in the Russian Federation, the EAEU and foreign countries.

Results and discussion. A brief overview of regulatory issues on drug registration according to the requirements of the Eurasian Economic Union is presented. The critical stages of the drug registration process and the tasks that need to be solved in order to ensure the effective work of the department for working with regulatory authorities in the implementation of drug registration processes in the Russian Federation, the EAEU and other countries were identified. The role of professional qualifications of specialists involved in the preparation of the registration dossier and the processes of registration of medicines is indicated.

Conclusion. Changes in the legal regulation of the registration process and the imperfection of the requirements for specialists who carry out the procedures for preparing the registration dossier determine the need to develop organizational technologies and measures at the organization level aimed at standardizing all processes and forming professional specialized competencies of personnel.
Antihypoxic Activity of 2,5-diaryl-8,8-dimethyl-3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[4,3,2-de]quinnolin-3-ones
Authors: Zykova S. S. , Namyatova K. V. , Gankova K. L. , Lystsova E. A. , Shavrina T. V. , Shurov S. N.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The state of hypoxia, causing damage and cell death, underlies many pathological processes. In addition, hypoxia induces a state of free radical oxidation, which enhances the damaging effect of hypoxic damage. This necessitates the synthesis of new compounds and the creation on their basis of drugs with antihypoxic activity.

Aim. The aim of this study is the synthesis and study of the antihypoxic activity of 2,5-diaryl-8,8-dimethyl-3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2Н-pyrido[4,3,2-de] quinnolin-3-ones.

Materials and methods. Compounds of the 2,5-diaryl-8,8-dimethyl-3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[4,3,2-de]quinnolin-3-ones series were obtained as a result of the interaction of 2-aryl-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxylic acids c o-tolyl-, p-tolyl-, p-fluoro-, p-nitro-, 2,4,6-trichlorophenylhydrazines. As a result, 10 substances were synthesized, the structure of which was confirmed by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The study of the antihypoxic activity of the obtained compounds was carried out using the method of normobaric hypoxia with hypercapnia («hypoxia in a jar»).

Results and discussion. The studied compounds have different effects on the lifespan of mice under conditions of acute normobaric hypoxia with hypercapnia. Compounds IIIi and IIId, respectively, increased the lifespan of mice most significantly by 26.36 % and 25.64 %, respectively, compounds IIIa, IIIb, IIIg were less significant, compounds IIIc and IIIf had no effect, and compound IIIj had a prohypoxic effect.

Conclusion. Compounds with the most pronounced antihypoxic and antioxidant properties have been identified. Thus, further synthesis and study of 2,5-diaryl-8,8-dimethyl-3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[4,3,2-de]cinnolin-3-ones is reasonable.
Study of Antioxidant Activity and Quantum-chemical Calculations of 2-aminopyrroles
Authors: Zykova S. S. , Gankova K. L. , Shustov M. V. , Igidov N. M. , Borisevich S. S. , Ilyina M. G.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Modern therapy defines oxidative stress as one of the key links in the pathogenesis of different diseases, which makes the search for new low molecular weight antioxidants actual [1]. The widely used methods are imperfect, since they reflects reactivity of the sample under artificial conditions [2–4]. The proposed technique of using the "Ecolum" biosensor makes it possible to preserve the advantages of in vitro methods and improve the accuracy of determination through the use of biological reactions of cells [5, 6].

Aim. Studying of the antiradical and antioxidant activity of 2-aminopyrroles, using in vitro methods and quantum-chemical calculations.

 Materials and methods. Earlier, derivatives of 2-aminopyrroles were obtained. Antiradical activity of the compounds was studied using the DPPH test (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Antioxidant activity was evaluated on the model of oxidative stress using the «Ecolum» biosensor. The calculation data of the indices of reactivity in the approximation of the gas phase were obtained using quantum-chemical methods.

Results and discussion. The antioxidant activity test indicated a higher antioxidant potential of 2a, compared to 2b. Antiradical activity test revealed a greater antiradical potential of 2b. Quantum-chemical calculations showed that 2b is characterized by a higher ionization potential, which may indicate its greater resistance to oxidation compared to 2a.

Conclusion. The study of the antiradical and antioxidant activity of 2-aminopyrroles showed the importance of developing a methodology for the search for new antioxidants, because of antiradical activity test deviations, compared to living cell reactions.
Study of Antifungal Activity of Experimental Soft Dosage Form Based on the Hydrazone Derivative of Getarylamide 4-phenyl-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid
Authors: Sobin F. V. , Pulina N. A. , Novikova V. V.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Recently, there has been a significant increase in fungal infections. The most common is vulvovaginal candidiasis, affecting millions of women worldwide. Resistance is formed to existing antifungal drugs, and they are not devoid of side effects. Previously, we have shown high antimicrobial activity of derivatives of 4-R-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-butenic acids. The creation of soft dosage forms based on them and the study of antifungal action is promising.

Aim. To develop experimental soft dosage forms based on one of the most active derivatives of 4-R-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-butenic acids and to evaluate the effect of the ointment composition of the ointment composition on the severity of antifungal action.

Materials and methods. As a pharmacologically active component, a hydrazone derivative of 4-phenyl-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid synthesized by us was used, which has pronounced antifungal activity. 8 experimental soft dosage forms based on hydrophobic and hydrophilic character have been developed. The active substance in a concentration of 1 % was introduced by standard technological methods according to the rules for the manufacture of dermatological ointments. To determine the antifungal activity of the ointments obtained, a three-nesting variant of the agar diffusion method was used. Comparison preparations are 2 % cream "Pimafucin" and 1 % cream "Clotrimazole".

Results and discussion. All the studied experimental soft dosage forms showed antifungal effects of varying degrees of severity. The greatest pharmacological effect was found in ointment compositions based on hydrophilic components of sodium-carboxymethylcellulose and polyethylene oxides. Their antifungal effect is comparable or exceeds the effect of comparison drugs.

Conclusion. 8 experimental soft dosage forms based on a derivative of 4-phenyl-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-butenic acid have been developed. Their antifungal activity has been studied. Two most active samples of experimental ointments were selected for further in-depth study.
Development and Validation of Conditions for the Determination of Residual Organic Solvents – Acetic Acid in the Silver Salt Substance 4-[4-(atsetilaminosul'fonil)fenil]-6-(4-bromfenil)-5-(2-nitrofenil)-3,5-digidropirrolo[3,4-с]pirazol-3-ona
Authors: Lyust E. N. , Bobrovskaya O. V. , Gein V. L.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. For new synthesized pharmacologically active compounds, already at the stage of standardization, it is necessary to develop methods for determining their quality indicators, normalized by a pharmacopoeial article for pharmaceutical substances. One of these indicators is the residual organic solvents, for the analysis of which chromatographic methods are suitable, for example, gas-liquid chromatography.

Aim. To develop conditions for the determination of residual organic solvents - acetic acid in a new pharmacologically active compound (substance of silver salt 4-[4-(acetylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]-6-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol-3-one), to validate the developed method.

Materials and methods. The substance of the silver salt 4-[4-(acetylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]-6-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-3-one, synthesized at the Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy. The study was carried out by the gas chromatographic method (gas-liquid chromatograph Chromatec-Crystal 5000, JSC SDO «Chromatec», Russia).

Results and discussion. This paper reflects the results of the choice of gas chromatographic conditions for determining the residual organic solvent (acetic acid) in the substance, these conditions are evaluated according to the validation indicators required for analytical methods.

Conclusion. A procedure has been developed for determining the residual organic solvent in the substance of the silver salt 4-[4-(acetylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]-6-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-3-one, the methodology was validated.
Development of Quality Control Parameters for Standardization of Herb of the Cultivated Plant Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm.
Authors: Boyarshinov V. D. , Zorina E. V.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Alchemilla herb is proposed for introduction into pharmaceutical practice, for obtaining extracts with various pharmacological activity. To expand, resource base of Alchemilla it has been proposed to use a high biomass cultivated plant – Alchemilla mollis (Buuser) Rothm. In terms of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the chemical composition Alchemilla mollis herb is comparable to the samples of raw materials of wild-growing Alchemilla. The presence of chemotaxonomic features necessitates the preparation of regulatory documentation for the introduction of this plant as a source of medicinal raw materials.

Aim. Development of a methodology for assessing the main group of biologically active substances and the quantitative determination of flavonoids in Alchemilla mollis herb.

Materials and methods. As objects of study, we used Alchemilla mollis herb harvested from plants cultivated in the Perm Krai. The chromatographic parameters of raw material authenticity were determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC). To develop the parameters for the quantitative determination of flavonoids in Alchemilla mollis herb, a modification of the method proposed for Alchemilla herb was carried out.

Results and discussion. During chromatographic study of Alchemilla mollis herb were identified cinaroside, rutin, and quercetin. Cynaroside was referred to the marker substances. Ethyl acetate : acetic acid (85 : 15) was chosen as the optimal chromatographic system. A modification and validation of the method for the quantitative determination of flavonoids in Alchemilla herb was carried out. The change of the extractant, particle size, time and frequency of extraction for sample preparation and the optimal use of cynaroside as a standard substance are substantiated. The optimal conditions for the reaction of complex formation with aluminum chloride are established.

Conclusion. To determine the authenticity of Alchemilla mollis herb, it was proposed to use the identification of cynaroside by TLC. The modified method for the quantitative determination of flavonoids in terms of cynaroside for the Alchemilla mollis herb, reproducible, correct and can be used for standardization. When testing the methodology on samples of raw materials harvested in the Perm region, a range of values for the content of flavonoids was 3.14–4.84 %, with an average level of variability.
Validation Testing of Sabouraud Liquid Medium in Determining the Antifungal Activity of Newly Synthesized compounds by the Method of Two-fold Serial Dilutions
Authors: Novikova V. V. , Pulina N. A. , Luzhanin V. G. , Kurbatov E. R.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Due to the high prevalence and social significance of fungal infections, the search for new antifungal drugs is an actual direction t of modern pharmacology. One of the important components of preclinical microbiological studies is the culture media used in the process of a experiment.

Aim. To validate the use Sabouraud liquid medium as an alternative to RPMI 1640 medium to optimize the experimental conditions for the determination of antifungal activity of new compounds by the microserial dilution method.

Materials and methods. The micromethod of two-fold serial dilutions to study the antifungal activity of new molecules was used. Antifungal activity was studied against the reference test strain Candida albicans NCTC 885-653. The evaluation of the validation parameters was carried out according to the principles set forth in the General Pharmacopoeia Monograph.1.1.0021.18 «Validation of microbiological methods». A new compound from the group of 4-(het)aryl-2,4-dioxobutanoic acid amide derivatives was used for test the validated method.

Results and discussion. Results were obtained that meet the acceptance criteria for the studied validation parameters – trueness, precision, linearity, robustness and quantitation limit. The possibility of using Sabouraud's medium for the determination of antifungal activity was shown on the example of a new compound of the group of 4-(het)aryl-2,4-dioxobutanoic acid amide derivatives.

Conclusion. The tested alternative liquid Sabouraud medium can be recommended for use in determining the antifungal activity of the newly synthesized compounds with the microdilutions method because the proven its better growth properties for the investigated yeast strain and the convergence of the results of determining antifungal activity using alternative and reference media.
Aspects of Standardization in the Juice of the Herbs Alchemilla vulgaris
Authors: Cheremnykh E. V. , Zorina E. V. , Belonogova V. D.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The features of the chemical composition and the identified pharmacological activities of substances from fresh raw materials of the Alchemilla vulgaris allow us to predict the prospects for the use of juice from the herb Alchemilla vulgaris in medical practice. The creation of drugs based on juices from fresh herb Alchemilla involves the development of methods for their standardization.

Aim. To determine the methods of qualitative analysis for the identification and quantitative assessment of the main group of biologically active substances in Alchemilla vulgaris juice.

Materials and methods. The herb Alchemilla vulgaris for juice production was harvested during the flowering period in various habitats. The qualitative composition of the phenolic compounds of the juice was studied by paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The quantitative determination procedure was developed and validated on an SF-2000 spectrophotometer.

Results and discussion. Paper chromatography (CP) in the juice revealed derivatives of cinnamic and phenolcarboxylic acids, a group of flavonoids with a predominance of flavones and flavonols, rutin was identified among the dominant ones. The TLC in the butanol : acetic acid : water system (4 : 1 : 2), we achieved optimal separation of substances and identified rutin, which was proposed as the main substance in juice standardization. Correspondence of the configuration of the differential spectrum of the complex of cuff juice flavonoids with aluminum chloride to the spectrum of a similar complex of rutin SS and the results of TLC give grounds to use rutin as a standard. The best option when choosing an aliquot for quantitative determination of reliable results showed the use of 0.2 ml of juice. The content of flavonoids in the studied juice samples ranged from 2.15 ± 0.24 % to 7.34 ± 0.16 %.

Conclusion. TLC in the butanol-acetic acid-water system (4 : 1 : 2) can be used to authenticate the juice from the herb Alchemilla vulgaris. The parameters of the method of quantitative determination are developed taking into account the variation in the ratio of the water component and the dry residue in the juice. The method is valid and can be used to standardize juice from the herb Alchemilla vulgaris. The taxation of Alchemilla vulgaris juice samples showed the variability of the content of flavonoids in the juice depending on the growing conditions.
Treatment of congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Shim Gyu Hong
Published: December 2022

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection worldwide, the most common nongenetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss in children, and a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders in the brain. Infants with symptomatic congenital CMV infection may benefit from hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes, particularly if antiviral treatment is initiated within the first month of life. Infants with life-threatening symptoms are recommended to receive 2–6 weeks of intravenous ganciclovir and then switch to oral valganciclovir, and those without life-threatening symptoms are recommended to use oral valganciclovir during the entire 6-month period. During antiviral drug treatment, absolute neutrophil count, platelet count, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and liver function tests were performed to identify neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, and liver failure. This review investigated the evidence to date of treating congenital CMV infection.
In Vitro Evaluation of Two Novel Antimalarial Derivatives of SKM13: SKM13-MeO and SKM13-F
Authors: Trinh Thuy-Tien Thi , Kim Young-ah , Hong Hyelee , Le Linh Thi Thuy , Jang Hayoung , Kim Soon-Ai , Park Hyun , Kim Hak Sung , Yeo Seon-Ju
Published: December 2022

Antimalarial drugs play an important role in the control and treatment of malaria, a deadly disease caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium spp. The development of novel antimalarial agents effective against drug-resistant malarial parasites is urgently needed. The novel derivatives, SKM13-MeO and SKM13-F, were designed based on an SKM13 template by replacing the phenyl group with electron-donating (-OMe) or electron-withdrawing groups (-F), respectively, to reverse the electron density. A colorimetric assay was used to quantify cytotoxicity, and in vitro inhibition assays were performed on 3 different blood stages (ring, trophozoite, and schizonts) of P. falciparum 3D7 and the ring/mixed stage of D6 strain after synchronization. The in vitro cytotoxicity analysis showed that 2 new SKM13 derivatives reduced the cytotoxicity of the SKM13 template. SKM13 maintained the IC50 at the ring and trophozoite stages but not at the schizont stage. The IC50 values for both the trophozoite stage of P. falciparum 3D7 and ring/mixed stages of D6 demonstrated that 2 SKM13 derivatives had decreased antimalarial efficacy, particularly for the SKM13-F derivative. SKM13 may be comparably effective in ring and trophozoite, and electron-donating groups (-OMe) may be better maintain the antimalarial activity than electron-withdrawing groups (-F) in SKM13 modification.
Two Cases of Mange Mite (Sarcoptes scabiei) Infestation in Long-Tailed Goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) in Republic of Korea
Authors: Park Da Som , Choi Jin , Kim Hee-Jong , Kim Jin-Yong , Kim Min-Han , Lee Jin-Young , Moon Jeong Chan , Park Hee-Bok , Park KyungMin , Yun Jun Hee , Oh Yeonsu , Choe Seongjun , Na Ki-Jeong , Yoon Jongmin
Published: December 2022

The long-tailed goral, Naemorhedus caudatus (Mammalia: Bovidae), is one of the endangered animals in the Republic of Korea (Korea). Sarcoptic mange mites infested in diverse species of mammals, including humans, but no case has been reported in long-tailed gorals. We report 2 cases of mange mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, infestation in long-tailed gorals. Mange mites were sampled in the skin legions of the 2 long-tailed gorals, which were rescued in 2 different regions, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do and Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea. Our results showed that the ectoparasite was the itch mite that burrowed into skin and caused scabies on the morphological inspection and placed within the phylogenetic relations of the species. The present study confirmed for the first time in Korea that mange mites are pathogenic scabies of long-tailed goral. Closer surveillance of this pathogenic ectoparasite in zoonotic and infectious ecosystems is warranted.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika tentang Volume Bangun Ruang Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD)
Authors: Mahfudloh Mahfudloh
Published: December 2022

This research is a classroom action research conducted in two cycles. Each cycle has 4 steps, namely: Planning, Implementation, Observation and Reflection. The data source for this study was Class V students at MI Islamiyah Brokoh, Wonotunggal District, Batang Regency for the 2019/2020 academic year with a total of 22 students, consisting of 10 male students and 12 female  students.  Data  collection  techniques  by  observation,  ability  tests  and  learning  outcomes research  determine  the  volume  of  geometric  shapes.  The  data  analysis  technique  used  in  this research is qualitative descriptive statistics.Based  on  the  results  of  the  study  it  can  be  concluded  that  the  analysis  obtained  a significant increase from cycle I and cycle II. Study results determine the volume of the geometric shape. in pre-cycle I in the complete category was 59.09% the number of students who completed was 13 students. In cycle II there was an increase in the percentage of student learning outcomes in the complete category of 100%, while 22 students completed.The  results  of  this  study  suggest  for  students  to  be  more  active  so  that  fun  and meaningful  learning  can  be  achieved.  Suggestions  for  teachers  should  use  the  STAD  Type Cooperative approach  to  improve  learning  outcomes  in  determining  the  volume  of  geometric shapes. in order to measure the ability of students as a whole
Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Afektif pada Mata Pelajaran PAI
Authors: Hasim Fuad
Published: December 2022

Education  is  carried  out to  explore  and  then  develop  various  competencies  that already  exist  in each student, these competencies include abilities in the scientific field, attitudes and skills. These three  competencies  should  be  developed  optimally  and  in a  balanced  way  both  in  the  learning process in class and in the implementation of assessments/evaluations. Facts on the ground show that affective domain assessment tends to be more difficult to implement and develop, in contrast to the cognitive and psychomotor competencies that are very commonly carried out by educators. Therefore,  this  study  aims  to  help  find  solutions  to  the  problems  of  affective  assessment  which have tended to be stagnant. This research includes library research using a qualitative descriptive approach  and  using  Permendikbud  Number  23  of  2016  concerning  Assessment  Standards  and Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 87 of 2017 concerning Strengthening Character  Education  as  the  primary  data  source  and  supported  by  several  other  supporting literature. The results of the study indicate that the affective domain assessment of students must be  carried  out  thoroughly  both  when  they  are  in  the  school,  family  or  community  environment around where they live. This assessment is carried out by observing the behavior of students and the observed behavior is the values of character education that have been stipulated in Presidential Decree Number 87 of 2017 concerning Strengthening Character Education. These values include religious, honest, tolerant, disciplined, hard working, creative, independent, democratic, curiosity, national  spirit,  love  of  the  motherland,  respect  for  achievement,  communicative,  love  of  peace, love  to  read,  care  for  the  environment,  care  for  social  And Responsibility.  These  values are observed and then converted into students' final scores on the affective/attitude aspects of students which are outlined in the form of Very Good, Good, Enough and Less values
Manajemen Blended Learning Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak pada Masa Pandemi
Authors: Sitam Sitam
Published: December 2022

MI Ma'arif NU 02 Karangpakis, Nusawungu District, Cilacap Regency, during the Covid 19 pandemic, applied a blended learning model to learning the Akidah Akhlak subject. The formulation of the problem, first is how to plan blended learning for the Akidah Akhlak subject at MI Ma'arif NU 02 Karangpakis, secondly how is the implementation of blended learning for the Akidah Akhlak subject at MI Ma'arif NU 02 Karangpakis and third how is the evaluation of blended learning for the Akidah Akhlak subject at MI Ma'arif NU 02 Karangpakis. This research is a qualitative research because it produces qualitative data. Collecting data using interviews, observation and documentation. Test the validity of the data using triangulation techniques. Data analysis used description techniques with the Miles and Huberman interaction analysis model with flows including data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study concluded, firstly planning for blended learning in the Akidah Akhlak subject at MI Ma'arif NU 02 Karangpakis includes planning at the institutional level, namely preparing facilities and infrastructure to support blended learning and planning at the teacher level, namely setting material, setting goals, compiling a syllabus, prepare learning implementation plans, determine strategies, methods and media, determine learning activities, plan evaluations and determine follow-up steps, the second is the implementation of blended learning, namely the delivery of material by the teacher to students through a series of activities to teach students actively, creatively, productively and fun with apply various strategies and methods as well as the use of media and visual aids to achieve learning objectives and the three evaluations of belended learning include evaluations of the implementation of blended learning and evaluation of student learning outcomes
Manajemen Pembelajaran dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa di MIN 1 Purbalingga
Authors: Himawan Taufiq
Published: December 2022

The research aims to reveal about the planning, implementation, and evaluation of learning in improving student achievement. This study uses a qualitative method. This research was conducted at MIN 1 Purbalingga, from March to June 2021. The informants in the study were madrasa heads, teachers, and students. Data collection techniques with interviews, observation and documentation. The validity of the data using triangulation. Data analysis uses the Miles & Huberman model, which consists of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the teachers carry out lesson planning by making a syllabus, annual program, semester program, KKM, time allocation, learning implementation plans, remedial and enrichment programs. (2) The implementation of learning is carried out by the teachers, including preliminary activities (apperception), core activities (including exploration, elaboration and confirmation) and final activities. Teachers use learning media and apply variations of learning methods. (3) Evaluation of learning is carried out by the teacher and by the head of the madrasah. The teacher carries out an assessment system in the form of learning processes and learning outcomes which involve three domains, namely: cognitive, psychomotor, and affective. The madrasa head supervises regularly to help improve teacher performance.
Percepções de graduandos da Modalidade EaD no pré Pandemia e perspectivas com a experiência de Ensino Remoto
Authors: Silva Érika Cruz , Santos Marli Regina dos
Published: December 2022

A experiência de ensino remoto emergencial, dada por ocasião da pandemia de Covid, trouxe ressignificações para o ensino e a aprendizagem das diversas disciplinas, nos diferentes níveis e modalidades. Considerando que ela também reverberou nas discussões e práticas relativas à EaD, neste artigo promovemos algumas aproximações entre ambas, refletindo sobre a percepção, previamente à pandemia, de estudantes de graduação da modalidade EaD quanto ao seu curso e, com base na análise das respostas e na discussão com autores que tratam da EaD e/ou do Ensino Remoto, sinalizamos correlações visando refletir sobre o ensino não presencial no pós pandemia, enfatizando o papel das TDIC na sua implementação e a importância da EaD na democratização do ensino.
The Overview of Anatomical Variations and Congenital Anomalies of the Uterine Tubes and Their Impact on Fertility
Authors: Csöbönyeiová M , Klein M , Feitscherová C , Pavlíková L , Kachlík D , Varga I
Published: December 2022

Anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of the uterine tubes (UTAVsCAs) are rare conditions, which are often undiagnosed, or accidentally diagnosed upon imaging, laparotomy, laparoscopy for unrelated condition, or during the Cesarean section. UTAVsCAs are often asymptomatic, but their clinical relevance lies in their possibly adverse impact on fertility. Since their rare occurrence, they are usually published as case reports. The most typically described are: agenesis of the uterine tubes (UTs), accessory UT (UT duplication), accessory UT ostium, and paratubal cysts (e.g. the hydatid cyst of Morgagni). UTAVsCAs are classified into an umbrella category of Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) which comprises anomalous development of all the organs developing from the paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts, i.e., UTs, uterus and upper portion of the vagina. Interestingly, most of the classification systems of MDAs discuss solely the uterine and vaginal anomalies, while the UTs are often utterly ignored. This probably originates from the fact that UTs are no longer interesting for many clinicians as they think of UTs as superfluous organs whose function can be easily replaced in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratory. Indeed, the modern reproductive medicine has been helping enormously with the conception of infertile couples. In many instances, the UTs are in fact successfully bypassed and a “test-tube” baby is born. Nevertheless, the UTs are still absolutely unique in providing suitable environment for fertilization and early embryo development - processes that hasn´t been still completely understood. This fact could partially explain why the success rate of IVF is “only” around 30-50 % depending on age. Therefore, the research of the UTAVsCAs is still clinically relevant in the context of reproductive medicine and should not be omitted from research endeavors.
Strategi Pengembangan Pembiayaan Mikro PT Bank Negara Indonesia Syariah Kantor Cabang Bekasi Menggunakan Metode SWOT Dan ANP
Authors: Masrur Putra Aditya , Isndandar Fajri Ryan
Published: December 2022

This study aims to provide recommendations for alternative strategic priorities in the context of developing microfinance for PT BNI Syariah Kantor Cabang Bekasi. This research method uses the SWOT matrix analysis method and the ANP (Analytic Network Process) method which is processed with super decision software and Microsoft Excel. Respondents in this study amounted to three internal practitioners from PT BNI Syariah Kantor Cabang Bekasi, namely business manager, micro account officer head and junior micro financing risk. The results showed that the human resource aspect of (0.421) was the influential aspect. That human resources are valuable assets in holding the success of a company or business. The problem shows that the lack of human resources who serve as micro AOs (Account Officers) is the main problem that has an important impact of (0.209) this can be seen from the number of only 2 people consisting of micro account officers and junior micro financing risk. While the priority alternative strategy with a value of (0.196) is to expand market share by conducting activities or opening outlets in trade centers, because if the market share of PT BNI Syariah Kantor Cabang Bekasi micro-financing products increases then of course demand will also increase.
STUDIES OF MEDICINAL VALUES OF THE COMPONENTS PRESENT IN PSIDIUM GUAJAVA (P GUAJAVA) LEAVES
Authors:   University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, Begum Habiyara , Ahmed Mohsin ,   Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University
Published: December 2022

Our present study on Psidium guajava to study phytochemical compounds present in its leaves and the medicinal value of the compounds. The P.guajava is an angiospermic plant belonging to the family Myrtaceae and it contains 150 genera and 3300 species. From the extraction data we conclude that we get the maximum percentage of extraction (crude extract) by methanol solvent which was about 7.3%. .Preliminary phytochemical studies showed maximum phytochemical compounds such as steroids , glycosides , phenolic compounds , tannins , carbohydrates , Saponins in the methanol extract. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of P.guajava leaf extract such as UV-Vis spectrum of crude extract of different solvents shows that absorption occurs at the visible region, thus we can use this compound as a photocatalyst in photocatalysis reactions. FTIR was used to identify the characteristic functional group in the crude Guava leaves powder .The absorption at 3425cm-1 is due to presence of hydroxyl group. The absorption at 1634 cm-1 is due to c=c stretching .The absorption at 1321 cm-1 is due to bending vibrations of C-H bonds of the methyl group. A strong and broad absorption band in the range 3000 − 3700 cm−1 , corresponding to the hydroxyl groups (O–H) stretching vibrations. This indicates the presence of alcoholic and phenolic groups with a wide variety of hydrogen bonding . Sharp peak at 2855 cm−1 and 2924 cm−1 associated with –C–H stretching vibrations of −CH2 and –CH groups, indicating the presence of aromatic ring (Ar–H) and glucose moieties (CH2OH) in tannins. The broad band in range 1200 − 1420 cm−1 and 764 − 820 cm−1 assigned to O– H in plane and out of plane blending, respectively . The sharp peak at 1604 cm−1 is attributed to the C=C stretching vibration in the phenolic groups. A small peak at 1700 cm−1 assigned to the carbonyl (–C=O) group indicates that an ester bond is formed between two galloyl groups. The peak at 900 − 1200 cm−1 is assigned to the C–O stretching vibration of phenolic groups. These phytochemical compounds can help in the pharmaceutical field.