bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Totò e Carolina and the encumbrances of post-war film censorship
Authors: White Christopher B.
Published: March 2013

This article explores the relationship between censorship and comic cinema in Italy in the late 1940s and 1950s through Mario Monicelli's films starring the legendary Neapolitan actor Antonio De Curtis (Totò). Although key figures in the Christian Democrat administration and
the Catholic Church expressly discouraged the production of neo-realist films, restrictions on film content also hindered the development of Italian comedy by limiting the extent to which film-makers could reference pressing social issues or satirize Italian institutions. This study closely
considers the case of Totò e Carolina/Totò and Carolina (Monicelli, 1955), one of the most heavily censored films in the history of Italian cinema, and the effects of modifications to the film on the social criticism in the version approved for public screening. Despite the fact
that the censors mangled Totò e Carolina, they did not entirely eliminate its attack on hypocrisy and prejudice or prevent the film from setting the stage for the bitter comedies of the commedia all'italiana/Italian style comedy associated with the economic boom that began towards the
end of the decade.
Sardinia in fascist documentary films (1922–1945)
Authors: Carta Silvio
Published: March 2013

This article begins by looking at the context of production of newsreels and documentaries under fascism, and offers a discussion of the most important documentaries of the fascist period devoted to the città di fondazione (New Towns) in Sardinia: Carbonia, Mussolinia and Fertilia.
Attention is given to the ways in which the fascist celebration of progress constructs Sardinia as a virginal land through a Promethean narrative that grants positional superiority to the projects of the regime. The argument made in the article is that these documentary films present Sardinia
as a nude territory on which the demiurge-like project of fascist modernization inscribes its own history. The films should be interpreted as examples of colonial narratives of penetration into new-found-lands in order to revivify their population and wasted soils.
Italian university radio: An explorative study
Authors: Cavallo Tiziana
Published: March 2013

The main objective of this article is to describe the medium of university radio, specifically web radio, in an Italian context through analysis of international and Italian literature on the topic. Additionally, the results of a survey submitted to Italian university radio station
managers will be analysed in detail. The outcomes of the survey are used to underline specific features of Italian projects, especially the features involving the main creators, costs and reasons for creation of the stations, as well as their objectives, contents and critical aspects. The
survey also helps to alleviate a lack of specific studies on this topic in the Italian scenario. Experiences that come under the term university media experiment with language and form, express a desire to communicate values, patterns and reflections and represent a new generation, a community,
of young consumers and journalists. The sense of community is a strategic concept and university radio can be included in the category of community media. However, there are some particular aspects that make university radio a unique form of media. One of these aspects is education, a facet
of university radio that is strongly linked to digital environments such as the Internet.
NOTES
Authors: Turco Daniela , Toscano Marco , Moliterni Ivan
Published: March 2013

FILMCRITICA: THE LONG JOURNEY BY THE ‘BAND OF OUTTSIDERS’

BIANCO E NNERO

RIVISTA DI SSTUDI IITALIANI

DUELLANTI – MONTTHLY MAGAZINE OF CINEMA AND VISUAL CULTTURE

BOBBIO WORKSHOP

PROVO.CULTAND GARGANO FILM FESTIVAL, 5TH ANNUAL GARGANO FILM FESTIVAL, 11-13
AUGUST 2012
Distant suffering, proper distance: Cosmopolitan ethics in the film portrayal of trafficked women
Authors: Arthurs Jane
Published: March 2013

This article contributes to a developing body of critical work on the ethical and political issues raised by anti-trafficking films and campaigns through a focus on two films, Lilya 4-ever (Luke Moodysson, Sweden/Denmark 2002) and Sex Traffic (David Yates, UK/Canada 2004), which are
about young women trafficked to work in the sex industry in Europe. It evaluates the degree to which these films meet the criteria for ‘proper distance’ that are required for a ‘cosmopolitan’ aesthetics of spectatorship as proposed by Lilie Chouliarki (2006) in which
our philanthropic compassion for ‘distant suffering’ is accompanied by a reflexive engagement with political questions about causes and solutions. It also argues for a ‘proper distance’ for film analysis that includes how texts are circulated and interpreted within
particular discursive contexts, in this case NGO and government anti-trafficking campaigns in the United Kingdom and Sweden. Finally, a move outside trafficking as a discursive frame draws attention to critical perspectives on the ideological assumptions embedded in these campaigns and to
alternative conceptions of our ethical relation to migrant labour that are obscured as a consequence. In line with Rosi Braidotti’s (2006) critique of humanist conceptions of cosmopolitanism, it argues for a ‘nomadic ethics’ that avoids voyeuristic ways of seeing these women
as objects of our compassion, and takes into account their point of view, agency and right to mobility rather than imposing our own, more powerful, perspective, however sincerely held.
Somalia: Media law in the absence of a state
Authors: Stremlau Nicole
Published: March 2013

Somalia is often described as ‘lawless’ or ‘the world’s most failed state’, a characterization that overlooks the way law and governance actually works in the absence of a capable central government. This article will explore the role of xeer law, or customary
law, in regulating media, including both older media, such as poetry, and newer media, such as mobile phones, in Somalia’s complex legal environment. While Somalia remains one of the most dangerous regions of the world for journalists, dozens of radio stations are broadcasting in South-Central
Somalia and there is a competitive newspaper industry in Somaliland. In addition, the telecoms industry is booming with some of the best connections and lowest rates on the continent for the internet and mobile phones. Various authorities govern media and resolve conflicts across the Somali
territories. To understand media ‘law’ in this region we must look beyond the formal state structures.
The knowledge deficit: Liquid words as neo-liberal technologies
Authors: Hassan Robert
Published: March 2013

The essay argues that the dynamic conjunction of neo-liberal globalization and the information technology revolution has created not only a new relationship with time – which itself is having an immensely consequential (if under-theorized) effect – but also a transformed
relationship with the written word. Today reading and writing are increasingly conducted through liquid crystal display – a new technological form of the ancient technology of the printed word. The printed word has become liquid. This essay argues that liquid and accelerated and burgeoning
volumes of words that are overwhelmingly oriented towards market-driven instrumentalized ends are creating a deficit in the accumulation and tradition of critical knowledge production and its dissemination. The negative effects of the knowledge deficit are manifold, but the most salient is
in the realm of politics, where questions of power, agency and the democratic process become increasingly problematic.
Mediating genocide: Cultural understanding through digital and print media stories in global communication
Authors: Wessels Bridgette , Anderson Bob , Durrant Abigail , Ellis Julie
Published: March 2013

The rise of digital media is creating new ways for media producers and users to engage with stories from around the world. The use of stories is a common way for content to be shared. The global communication space for sharing stories is referred to as the mediapolis, and it incorporates
networked interactions mediated through digital technology and traditional media such as print media. The mediapolis generates ways for users to engage with media stories, and its international reach raises concerns about how stories from across the globe can be mutually understood. To address
the various ways in which users engage in events of global and ethical significance we discuss the relationship between media (digital and print), media stories and how users are positioned to engage with stories. We explore how the media environment can foster shared understanding amongst
users through the use of stories in the mediapolis. To do this we examine memorialisation, focussing on the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. We analyse the print- and web-based stories produced by the Kigali Genocide Memorial (KGM) in Rwanda. We discuss how the medium and the story engender different
types of engagement in relation to an event. We develop the concept of the ‘hybrid-engager’ to show how media users engage with media stories in different ways fostering various levels of understanding. This paper is a positioning exercise for grounding further conceptual development
and empirical studies.
‘One of us’: The queer afterlife of Margaret Thatcher as a gay icon
Authors: Janes Dominic
Published: March 2013

In recent years Margaret Thatcher has come to be represented as a gay icon by a number of prominent right-wing gay men in Britain. This appears to clash with her record in office, on the basis of which she has previously been seen as a staunch enemy of gay liberation. The origins of
a queer presentation of the former Prime Minister lie in the attacks made upon her during her time in office which portrayed her as androgynous and perverse. Such attacks were based on the complicated and ambivalent position she occupied by virtue of being a radical pioneer in her career and
a believer in traditional moral standards. Aspects of her ambiguous image were subsequently available for appropriation by interest groups, such as Conservative gay men, who wished to obscure the political record of her government in the context of attempts to legitimate their status within
their party in the twenty-first century. There has been extensive study of the ways in which movie stars and other public figures have been established as inspirational figures for the gay community, but the example of Thatcher is exceptional in that she was previously widely attacked for
presiding over an allegedly homophobic government. The study of the queer afterlife of Margaret Thatcher as a gay icon, therefore, develops understanding of the ways in which the canon of gay iconicity is a contested cultural field.
The strategic use of metaphors by political and media elites:The 2007–11 Belgian constitutional crisis
Authors: Cammaerts Bart
Published: March 2013

On 9 December 2011 a new Belgian government was sworn in after a record-breaking 541 days of negotiations between all democratic political forces with the aim to alter the constitution and provide more autonomy to the different regions that make up Belgium. In this article, the frequent
use of political metaphors by North-Belgian politicians and journalists is analysed through a critical metaphor analysis (CMA) that approaches the different metaphors at a descriptive, an interpretative and a motivational level. Four meta-categories of metaphors were identified – sports
and games metaphors, war metaphors, culinary metaphors and transport metaphors. The different metaphors fed into six core frames: expressing immobility, attributing blame, the need for unity, bargaining and teasing, the end is nigh and finally lack of direction and leadership. Metaphors were
instrumental in strategies to present the Flemish demands as unquestionable and common sense, while the counter-demands of the French-speaking parties were positioned as unreasonable, impossible to accept. In other words, the strategic use of metaphors, some of which resonated throughout the
long period of analysis, not only served to represent complex political issues in an easily digestible language, but also shaped and influenced the negotiations through their various mediations and the ideological intentions embedded within the metaphor.
The digital divide versus the ‘digital delay’: Implications from a forecasting model of online news adoption and use
Authors: Nguyen An
Published: March 2013

As the Internet becomes increasingly cheap to access and easy to use, some scholars and industrial figures have argued that the digital divide – the information and democratic gap between different socio-economic segments of societies – will by itself shrink over time and
eventually disappear. This paper will employ a forecasting model of online news adoption and use, to argue that, even if the Internet becomes accessible and easy for virtually everybody in the future, such a ‘digital delay’ thesis will not materialise. The digital divide is a social
rather than technologically driven phenomenon, caused by variation in many factors beyond access and skills. In addition, the ‘logic of upgrade culture’ of the Internet means that users have to continuously acquire new resources and skills to keep up with its evolution and, therefore,
there are always people who are well in advance and those far behind. These are well reflected in the area of online news, where the intertwined effect of Internet experience, news orientation/behaviour, innovativeness and perception of online news attributes render the online news gap between
SES (socio-economic status) groups likely to widen, rather than narrow, in the years and decades ahead.
Ideological production, print media, and the internet: The case of the British monarchy in 2012
Authors: Blain Neil
Published: March 2013

Much scepticism exists about the transformative effects of the Internet, frequently seen to replicate existing patterns of finance and control, including of the media. Yet there is evidence, not least at international state level, of awareness of the potential for divergence or dissent
from ideologies reproduced by older media. Using chiefly the instance of the representation of the Royal Jubilee of 2012 in the United Kingdom as its central example but also mediation of the gay marriage debate in the same period, this article explores the question of ideological production
in the context of change in delivery platforms. It asks two questions in particular: One is whether, alongside the leakage of revenue as media organizations move activities online, there also occurs ideological leakage. The second question is to what extent the ideological world is significantly
augmented by online news and current affairs-related production and comment. Through analysis of media coverage of these two cases from 2012, the article argues that the ideological production of Internet news sites and other online news and opinion sources need not be written off as doomed
to subordination to a larger pattern of ideological dominance.
Access and history: The digitisation of the Danish broadcasting archives and its cultural heritage
Authors: Jensen Erik Granly
Published: March 2013

Like many other major European media corporations, the Danish Broadcasting Corporation (DR) has begun the digitisation of its audio-visual archives. This transformation from analogue to digital archives raises a number of questions regarding the archive-specific character, history and
content of the broadcast material. Furthermore, the digitisation process renders visible a number of problems. This includes possible access for researchers, general availability of the content and permission to present archival material in the public domain, problems all related to intellectual
property rights. The article will present the historical broadcast archive from a cultural historical and media policy perspective, suggesting that the cultural heritage of state-owned audio-visual archives remains a contested area due not only to the existing copyright laws but to aspects
of historical contextualisation as well. The article presents this perspective through a case study consisting of 48 radio programmes all related to the clearing of the children’s playground Byggeren in Copenhagen in May 1980. The case study underlines the complicated institutional and
cultural political implications in which the historic audio-visual source material is situated.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Calvi Pablo , Ganter Sarah Anne , Kania-Lundholm Magdalena
Published: March 2013

LATINAMERICANISM AFTER 9/11, JOHN BEVERLEY (2011) Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 166 pp., ISBN 9780822351146, (pbk), $22.95THE DIGITAL PUBLIC SPHERE. CHALLENGES FOR MEDIA POLICY, GRIPSRUD, JOSTEIN AND MOE, HALLVARD (EDITORS) (2010) Göteborg: Nordicom, 167 pp., ISBN
9789186523022 (pbk), € 25,– MEDIA NATIONS. COMMUNICATING BELONGING AND EXCLUSION IN THE MODERN WORLD, MIHELJ, SABINA (2011) Basingstoke: Palgrave. 232 pp., ISBN: 9780230231856, £57.50 (hbk), ISBN: 9780230231863, £20.99 (pbk)
Vietnam in 2012
Authors: Fforde Adam
Published: April 2013

The paper reviews political and other trajectories in Vietnam in 2012, concluding that a systemic political crisis continues. Trying to rule over an increasingly open and globalizing society with unreformed Communist political institutions, the Vietnamese Communist Party has seen its institutional authority evaporate, so that it no longer functions as a coherent source of sovereign power.
Indonesia in 2012
Authors: Gunn Geoffrey C.
Published: April 2013

Two sides of the debate on Indonesia's future turn on the tension between sustained economic growth fueled by demand for Indonesia's natural resources and the highly skewed distribution of wealth. With the Indonesia boosters forecasting a vertiginous rise of Southeast Asia's largest economy, the naysayers point to the deadweights of corruption, lack of transparency, and poor governance. With democratic electoralism revived in a post-authoritarian setting, such issues can no longer be swept under the carpet: they are matched by a relatively open media and burgeoning civil society.
China in 2012
Authors: Zheng Yongnian
Published: April 2013

For China, the year 2012 was politically significant with a once-a-decade power transfer taking place. However, the year was full of political scandals and rumors. From the top elite circles to the grassroots, Chinese feel increasingly anxious and frustrated. This paper examines what has gone wrong with China’s elite politics, and how Chinese social groups have responded.
Japan in 2012
Authors: Inoguchi Takashi
Published: April 2013

This article describes Japanese Prime Minister Noda Yoshihiko's policy-focused struggles in an environment where voters swing, then swing away soon.
South Korea in 2012
Authors: Sohn Yul , Kang Won-Taek
Published: April 2013

An election year in South Korea witnessed a rise in deep discontent and distrust with the current political system that failed to address a growing demand for rebalancing in both domestic and foreign policies. Conservative successes led by Park Geun-hye in two elections demonstrate that South Korean voters do not support the opposition’s promise for radical reform. But the most significant message of the 2012 elections was that existing party politics could not be sustained without some fundamental political reforms, expressed by the “Ahn syndrome” yearning for new politics.
Taiwan in 2012
Authors: Chen Ming-Tong
Published: April 2013

Beginning with an election triumph for incumbent President Ma Ying-jeou, 2012 proved a difficult year for both Taiwan and Ma; his second term got off to a dismal start. The island’s economy experienced stagflation, while a series of controversies created a governance crisis during which the president’s approval rating hit historic lows.
Afghanistan in 2012
Authors: Felbab-Brown Vanda
Published: April 2013

As the 2014 transition of the U.S. out of Afghanistan approaches, progress has been made in weakening the Taliban insurgency and strengthening Afghan forces’ capacity. But the Taliban still remains entrenched, negotiations have not taken off, the Afghan government suffers from a profound legitimacy crisis, and Afghanistan’s economic future seems fraught with instability.
India in 2012
Authors: Chadda Maya
Published: April 2013

The year 2012 began for India with a steep decline in the economy, disarray in politics, and paralysis in policy. While there were more immediate causes for this state of affairs, each malady reflected a deeper dilemma created by widespread corruption, a weakening central state, declining discipline within the ruling coalition, a loss of economic momentum caused by an unresolved balance between equity and growth, and a failure to harness popular support for reforms. Each dilemma called for a fundamental change in the power equation between different parts of the state and between state and society.
Sri Lanka in 2012
Authors: Goodhand Jonathan
Published: April 2013

Since the end of the civil war in May 2009, Sri Lanka’s government has continued to consolidate the unitary state and centralize power by combining political reform, patronage, and economic development. However, two forces countering such unity and centralization became evident during the course of the year. First, tensions and contradictions associated with the simultaneous pursuit of political centralization alongside rapid economic development and liberalization. Second, there has been an intensification of external pressures to bring about a political settlement with the Tamils and to address government accountability, including its alleged involvement in war crimes.
Bangladesh in 2012
Authors: Ahmad Ahrar
Published: April 2013

The year 2012 began well for Bangladesh. Economic performance was impressive, and there were some notable political developments, such as the starting of the War Crimes Trial. However, corruption remained a pressing issue, the rule of law and human rights in the country became increasingly tenuous, and the political environment continued to be turbulent and uncertain. Moreover, issues regarding the country’s relationship with both India and the U.S. were poorly resolved.
Myanmar in 2012
Authors: Holliday Ian
Published: April 2013

In 2012, Myanmar experienced another tumultuous year of reform. Executive, legislative, and civic institutions advanced, but public administration and the judiciary remained largely unchanged. While some ethnic relations improved, others descended into bitter conflict. Economic and social development was patchy. Links with the U.S. and its allies strengthened considerably.
Factors Affecting Neonatal Thyroid Function in Preterm Infants
Authors: Williams Fiona , Delahunty Caroline , Cheetham Tim
Published: April 2013

Thyroxine is essential for optimal brain development during gestation and for the first 2 years postnatally. Maintaining adequate thyroid hormone levels is vital, as low levels (even transiently low) are associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Thyroid hormone levels are gestationally age related, and levels vary appreciably between term infants and those born preterm; so much so, that interpretation of levels in preterm infants is most appropriately done against norms specific to the gestation at birth. Several factors, other than gestation, can alter levels of thyroid hormones, thyroid stimulating hormone/thyrotropin, and thyroid binding globulin; knowledge of these factors is helpful for interpretation and when considering the need for replacement therapy.

This review focuses on preterm infants and describes the influences of gestation, critical illness, infection, specific neonatal conditions, prescribed drug usage, iodine deficiency, and iodine excess on levels of neonatal thyroid hormones, thyroid binding globulin, and thyroid stimulating hormone/thyrotropin.
The Genetics of Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia
Authors: Mohamed Zainaba , Hussain Khalid
Published: April 2013

Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) is characterized by failure to suppress insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cell in the presence of hypoglycemia. Severe persistent hypoglycemia in infants can lead to permanent brain damage resulting in developmental delay. Early identification and careful management of these patients who have HH is therefore vital to prevent permanent neurological insult. Congenital forms of HH are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of conditions caused by mutations in nine different genes (ABCC8, KCNJ11, GLUD1, CGK, HADH, SLC16A1, HNF4A, HNF1A, and UCP2). The most severe forms are due to mutations in ABCC8 and KCJN11, which encode the two components of pancreatic β-cell adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium channel. The clinical heterogeneity is manifested in varying severity ranging from extremely severe life-threatening disease to very subtle symptoms of hypoglycemia. Furthermore, clinical response to medical and surgical management is extremely variable. Histologically, two subtypes (diffuse and focal) of congenital hyperinsulinism have been described. Recent advancement in understanding the genetic etiology, histological characterization into focal and diffuse forms combined with improved imaging (such as fluorine 18 L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography 18F-DOPA-PET scanning) and surgical techniques have greatly improved management leading to a complete cure in focal forms of congenital hyperinsulinism by focal lesionectomy. This review outlines the genetic mechanisms of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia.
Neonatal Radiation Exposure
Authors: Vachharajani Akshaya , Vachharajani Neeta A. , Najaf Tasnim
Published: April 2013

Diagnostic radiology is essential in the care of neonates. Survival of extremely preterm neonates and neonates with multiple birth defects inevitably results in a number of diagnostic radiologic procedures being performed in modern neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Harmful effects of radiation are well known. The number of radiographs performed on preterm neonates is described in several studies over the years. There is no estimate of the number of radiographs performed on neonates of all gestational ages admitted to a NICU. There are multiple dosimetry studies describing the radiation doses from plain chest and abdominal radiographs in preterm neonates. Some of the studies measure the doses imparted by contrast studies in neonates, not preterm neonates. Background natural radiation is estimated to be higher than the radiation from plain radiographs. The radiation from the contrast studies is not known. The article describes the units used to describe doses of radiation, the effects of radiation, and our experience with diagnostic radiographic procedures in neonates of all gestational ages.
A New Pediatrics for a New Century
Authors: Lantos John D. , Ward Neil A.
Published: April 2013

Is the field of pediatrics doing all that it can for the health of children? Many think that the field has gone off track and that we could do better. These articles highlight some different ways of judging the successes and failures of pediatrics in the United States today. The choices that we face are stark. To change the system, we would need to recalibrate the balance between utilitarian approaches to resource allocation, such as might be dictated by cost-effectiveness analyses, and deontologic approaches that prioritize unbreakable commitments or promises to individuals. These changes would entail large-scale social engineering projects to reshape our health care system, our educational system, and our public health system. A failure to change, however, might perpetuate a system that is not doing all it can for the health of America’s children and the society they will form.
Does Well-Child Care Have a Future in Pediatrics?
Authors: Coker Tumaini R. , Thomas Tainayah , Chung Paul J.
Published: April 2013

The most common adult chronic diseases affect 1 in 3 adults and account for more than three-quarters of US health care spending. The major childhood drivers of adult disease are distinctly nonmedical: poverty, poor educational outcomes, unhealthy social and physical environments, and unhealthy lifestyle choices. Ideally, well-child care (WCC) would address these drivers and help create healthier adults with more productive lives and lower health care costs. For children without serious acute and chronic medical problems, however, traditional pediatric preventive services may be largely ineffective in addressing the outcomes that really matter; that is, improving lifelong health and reducing the burden of adult chronic disease. In this article, we examine what role WCC has in addressing the major childhood drivers of adult disease and consider various models for the future of WCC within pediatrics.
Reforming Medicaid for Medically Complex Children
Authors: O’Donnell Randall
Published: April 2013

Children’s hospitals play a central role in our child health care system. These hospitals face unique challenges under health care reform. They care for children with the most complex medical problems but often are not reimbursed for good preventive care, care coordination, or quality. We discuss a proposal by children’s hospital leaders to create a network of Nationally Designated Children’s Hospitals. These would be Centers of Excellence on which states and families could rely to care for a uniquely vulnerable and uniquely costly population of children. On a federal level, the proposal is focused on 3 provisions: (1) creating and delivering a national coordinated delivery model for children with chronic and complex conditions in Medicaid and the State Child Health Insurance Program; (2) developing pediatric-specific care coordination guidelines, quality metrics, and network adequacy standards to improve pediatric care delivery; and (3) producing cost savings by reducing fragmentation in care delivery, while providing a payment model that provides a significant measure of budget certainty for states and the federal government, either through a bundled payment or a shared savings payment method. We believe that this approach will ensure access to appropriate care without compromising the quality of care. It will also provide enhanced budget certainty for Medicaid and the State Child Health Insurance Program.
Detection of Bartonella henselae DNA in clinical samples including peripheral blood of immune competent and immune compromised patients by three nested amplifications
Authors: Kawasato Karina Hatamoto , Oliveira Léa Campos de , Velho Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira , Yamamoto Lidia , Del Negro Gilda Maria Barbaro , Okay Thelma Suely
Published: April 2013

Bacteria of the genus Bartonella are emerging pathogens detected in lymph node biopsies and aspirates probably caused by increased concentration of bacteria. Twenty-three samples of 18 patients with clinical, laboratory and/or epidemiological data suggesting bartonellosis were subjected to three nested amplifications targeting a fragment of the 60-kDa heat shock protein (HSP), the internal transcribed spacer 16S-23S rRNA (ITS) and the cell division (FtsZ) of Bartonella henselae, in order to improve detection in clinical samples. In the first amplification 01, 04 and 05 samples, were positive by HSP (4.3%), FtsZ (17.4%) and ITS (21.7%), respectively. After the second round six positive samples were identified by nested-HSP (26%), eight by nested-ITS (34.8%) and 18 by nested-FtsZ (78.2%), corresponding to 10 peripheral blood samples, five lymph node biopsies, two skin biopsies and one lymph node aspirate. The nested-FtsZ was more sensitive than nested-HSP and nested-ITS (p < 0.0001), enabling the detection of Bartonella henselae DNA in 15 of 18 patients (83.3%). In this study, three nested-PCR that should be specific for Bartonella henselae amplification were developed, but only the nested-FtsZ did not amplify DNA from Bartonella quintana. We conclude that nested amplifications increased detection of B. henselae DNA, and that the nested-FtsZ was the most sensitive and the only specific to B. henselae in different biological samples. As all samples detected by nested-HSP and nested-ITS, were also by nested-FtsZ, we infer that in our series infections were caused by Bartonella henselae. The high number of positive blood samples draws attention to the use of this biological material in the investigation of bartonellosis, regardless of the immune status of patients. This fact is important in the case of critically ill patients and young children to avoid more invasive procedures such as lymph nodes biopsies and aspirates.
Viability and molecular authentication of Coccidioides spp. isolates from the Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo culture collection, Brazil
Authors: Cavalcanti Sarah Desirée Barbosa , Vidal Mônica Scarpelli Martinelli , Sousa Maria da Glória Teixeira de , Del Negro Gilda Maria Barbaro
Published: April 2013

Coccidioidomycosis is an emerging fungal disease in Brazil; adequate maintenance and authentication of Coccidioides isolates are essential for research into genetic diversity of the environmental organisms, as well as for understanding the human disease. Seventeen Coccidioides isolates maintained under mineral oil since 1975 in the Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo (IMTSP) culture collection, Brazil, were evaluated with respect to their viability, morphological characteristics and genetic features in order to authenticate these fungal cultures. Only five isolates were viable after almost 30 years, showing typical morphological characteristics, and sequencing analysis using Coi-F and Coi-R primers revealed 99% identity with Coccidioides genera. These five isolates were then preserved in liquid nitrogen and sterile water, and remained viable after two years of storage under these conditions, maintaining the same features.
Health problems awareness during travel among faculty members of a large university in Latin America: preliminary report
Authors: Tome Ana Cristina Nakamura , Canello Thaís Brandi , Luna Expedito José de Albuquerque , Andrade Junior Heitor Franco de
Published: April 2013

Health safety during trips is based on previous counseling, vaccination and prevention of infections, previous diseases or specific problems related to the destination. Our aim was to assess two aspects, incidence of health problems related to travel and the traveler's awareness of health safety. To this end we phone-interviewed faculty members of a large public University, randomly selected from humanities, engineering and health schools. Out of 520 attempts, we were able to contact 67 (12.9%) and 46 (68.6%) agreed to participate in the study. There was a large male proportion (37/44, 84.1%), mature adults mostly in their forties and fifties (32/44, 72.7%), all of them with higher education, as you would expect of faculty members. Most described themselves as being sedentary or as taking occasional exercise, with only 15.9% (7/44) taking regular exercise. Preexisting diseases were reported by 15 travelers. Most trips lasted usually one week or less. Duration of the travel was related to the destination, with (12h) or longer trips being taken by 68.2% (30/44) of travelers, and the others taking shorter (3h) domestic trips. Most travelling was made by air (41/44) and only 31.8% (14/44) of the trips were motivated by leisure. Field research trips were not reported. Specific health counseling previous to travel was reported only by two (4.5%). Twenty seven of them (61.4%) reported updated immunization, but 11/30 reported unchecked immunizations. 30% (9/30) reported travel without any health insurance coverage. As a whole group, 6 (13.6%) travelers reported at least one health problem attributed to the trip. All of them were males travelling abroad. Five presented respiratory infections, such as influenza and common cold, one neurological, one orthopedic, one social and one hypertension. There were no gender differences regarding age groups, destination, type of transport, previous health counseling, leisure travel motivation or pre-existing diseases. Interestingly, the two cases of previous health counseling were made by domestic travelers. Our data clearly shows that despite a significant number of travel related health problems, these highly educated faculty members, had a low awareness of those risks, and a significant number of travels are made without prior counseling or health insurance. A counseling program conducted by a tourism and health professional must be implemented for faculty members in order to increase the awareness of travel related health problems.
RRH: envenoming syndrome due to 200 stings from Africanized honeybees
Authors: Silva Guilherme Almeida Rosa da , Pires Karina Lebeis , Soares Diogo Cerqueira de Salles , Ferreira Marcos Rosa , Ferry Fernando Raphael de Almeida , Motta Rogerio Neves , Azevedo Marcelo Costa Velho Mendes de
Published: April 2013

Envenoming syndrome from Africanized bee stings is a toxic syndrome caused by the inoculation of large amounts of venom from multiple bee stings, generally more than five hundred. The incidence of severe toxicity from Africanized bee stings is rare but deadly. This report reveals that because of the small volume of distribution, having fewer stings does not exempt a patient from experiencing an unfavorable outcome, particularly in children, elderly people or underweight people.
Percepção dos alunos de uma universidade pública sobre o Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde
Authors: Pinto Anna Carolina Martins , Oliveira Isabela Viana , Santos Ana Luiza Soares dos , Silva Luiza Eunice Sá da , Izidoro Gabriela da Silva Lourelli , Mendonça Raquel de Deus , Lopes Aline Cristine Souza
Published: April 2013

Este estudo objetivou analisar, na perspectiva dos alunos, o Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde) de uma universidade pública de Belo Horizonte-MG em seu primeiro ano e seu impacto na formação dos discentes. Estudo de coorte prospectivo com os alunos participantes do PET-Saúde, com dados coletados por questionário estruturado e autoaplicado, aos seis e dez meses do programa, com questões sociodemográficas, de avaliação da metodologia, objetivos e impacto do programa. A maioria relatou que os objetivos propostos foram alcançados, destacando o trabalho interdisciplinar e a produção acadêmica voltada para as necessidades do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O programa também contribuiu para a formação profissional nas áreas de pesquisa, ensino e extensão, sendo que na segunda avaliação, os discentes relataram maior interação com equipamentos sociais. Acredita-se que o PET-Saúde constitui importante estratégia de formação de recursos humanos conforme as necessidades do SUS, por possibilitar o exercício do trabalho em equipe, da comunicação, agilidade e criatividade para lidar com situações adversas, bem como a vivência dos princípios da Atenção Primária integrados à comunidade.
The opinion of patients with COPD: the process of becoming chronically sick
Authors: Luz Elisabete Lamy , Basto Marta Lima
Published: April 2013

Many earlier studies have contributed to a general understanding of the symptoms and signs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet very little is known about the transition from a healthy to a chronically sick individual. The scope of this study was to understand how people live with their chronic illness, using Grounded Theory¹. Twenty-two participants with COPD were interviewed. Findings revealed "the basic social process" of becoming sick with COPD: The significance of living with COPD; Stages of becoming a sick individual; Strategies for management of the process used by participants. The conclusion reached is that understanding the process of "becoming sick" from the person's perspective assists nurses to develop personalized interventions with individuals suffering from COPD, focussing on the subject of care.
Estudo descritivo da homofobia e vulnerabilidade ao HIV/Aids das travestis da Região Metropolitana do Recife, Brasil
Authors: Sousa Patricia Juliana de , Ferreira Luiz Oscar Cardoso , Sá Janilson Barros de
Published: April 2013

O estudo buscou conhecer as vulnerabilidades ao HIV/Aids das travestis da Região Metropolitana do Recife. Optou-se por utilizar o método amostral conduzido pelo entrevistado, conhecido por Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS). Entre as 110 travestis foram encontrados altos índices de homofobia em locais como: serviços de segurança, locais de trabalho, ambiente familiar e religioso, vizinhança, escola, comércio, locais de lazer e nos serviços de saúde. Entre as situações de violência sofridas destacam-se a agressão verbal (81,8%) e física (68,2%). O teste de HIV realizado alguma vez na vida foi observado em 84,4%. Encontrou-se um alto nível de conhecimento sobre as formas de prevenção e transmissão da infecção pelo HIV. A maioria iniciou a vida sexual antes dos 15 anos e sem o uso do preservativo. No contexto da epidemia do HIV/Aids observa-se que as estratégias de promoção da saúde só poderão ser eficazes se forem considerados fatores que ampliam a compreensão da vulnerabilidade ao HIV/Aids, como a homofobia.
Representações sociais dos conselheiros municipais acerca do controle social em saúde no SUS
Authors: Shimizu Helena Eri , Pereira Marcio Florentino , Cardoso Antonio José Costa , Bermudez Ximena Pamela Claudia Dias
Published: April 2013

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as representações sociais dos conselheiros municipais de saúde acerca do controle social em saúde. Foram realizadas 60 entrevistas com os conselheiros de dezenove municípios da Região Integrada do Distrito Federal e Entorno (RIDE-DF). A análise foi feita com o software Analyse Lexicale par Context d' um Essemble de Segments de Texte (ALCESTE) que apreendeu dois eixos temáticos: o primeiro, que trata das fragilidades dos conselhos de saúde, constituídas por quatro classes (as limitações no poder de decisão, a burocratização das práticas cotidianas, as fragilidades da participação social; as limitações na prática da representação); e o segundo, que trata do sistema de saúde na RIDE-DF, constituído por apenas uma classe que expressa à precária organização da atenção à saúde na RIDE-DF. A representação social do controle com foco na participação social parece ser constrangida por um ritual - o da burocratização das políticas e práticas nos conselhos. Essa forma de organização e funcionamento dos conselhos, hierarquizada e burocratizada, ancoradas em modelos de gestão centralizadora, têm distanciado os conselheiros das discussões sobre as necessidades de saúde, voltados para a construção de Projeto de Saúde coletivos.
Compreensão de usuárias de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família sobre o exame Papanicolaou
Authors: Andrade Smalyanna Sgren da Costa , Silva Fernanda Maria Chianca da , Silva Maria do Socorro Sousa e , Oliveira Simone Helena dos Santos , Leite Kamila Nethielly Souza , Sousa Merifane Januário de
Published: April 2013

Na tentativa de prevenir o câncer de colo uterino, foram instituídas várias ações de prevenção, dentre as quais, o Exame Papanicolaou que cumpre com a função de detecção precoce de células cancerosas ou de seus precursores. Portanto, objetivou-se investigar o discurso sobre a compreensão, os sentimentos e as expectativas de mulheres em relação ao Exame Papanicolaou. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, realizado junto a dez usuárias de uma Unidade Integrada de Saúde da Família, no município de João Pessoa (PB). A coleta de dados se deu em abril de 2011, através de entrevista gravada. Foram identificadas oito ideias centrais: prevenção de doenças; busca por conta própria; busca por estímulo de outra pessoa; sentimento de vergonha e constrangimento; sensação de dor; sentimento de satisfação; conversas durante o exame e troca de conhecimentos acerca da saúde da mulher. Frente aos relatos, muitas são as dificuldades a serem vencidas para proporcionar melhor adesão das mulheres ao exame Papanicolaou.
Controle social no SUS: discurso, ação e reação
Authors: Oliveira Ana Maria Caldeira , Ianni Aurea Maria Zöllner , Dallari Sueli Gandolfi
Published: April 2013

Este artigo se propõe a descrever e analisar a dinâmica da participação social, a partir das representações sociais dos Conselheiros Municipais de Saúde de Belo Horizonte sobre os sentidos do controle social. Foram utilizadas técnicas de entrevistas baseadas em roteiro semiestruturado e de observação participante. Decorridos três anos da realização da pesquisa, recorreu-se à técnica de pesquisa documental para verificar a existência de sinais de reação institucional visando minimizar as dificuldades relatadas. Verifica-se que a instituição política Conselho Municipal de Saúde, reflexivamente, aciona diversos mecanismos para aprimorar seus modos de ação e organização e, também, o comprometimento dos atores para com esse fórum.
Vínculo e práticas de cuidado: correlações entre políticas de saúde e formas de subjetivação
Authors: Bernardes Anita Guazzelli , Pelliccioli Eduardo Cavalheiro , Marques Camilla Fernandes
Published: April 2013

Este artigo analisa o vínculo como estratégia das práticas de cuidado das políticas públicas de saúde. A análise ampara-se nas ferramentas foucaultianas de verdade e formas de governo que constituem políticas de subjetivação. A discussão é feita a partir da correlação entre a Política Nacional de Atenção Básica e outros documentos das políticas públicas como parte deste arquivo que permite pensar a articulação do vínculo com as práticas de cuidado. A reflexão considera o vínculo como um foco de experiência constituído pela correlação entre formação de saberes, normatividade de comportamentos e formas de subjetivação no que diz respeito a uma pragmática do sujeito em suas diferentes modalidades de relação consigo mesmo.
Daquilo que os médicos quase não falam: transe e êxtase na cena de parto. Experiências e percepções dissidentes de saúde e de bem-estar na contemporaneidade
Authors: Carneiro Rosamaria
Published: April 2013

Para os grupos de mulheres adeptas de outros modos de parir que não a cesárea e o modelo tecnocrático-hospitalar, a dor do trabalho de parto parece operar em outro registro, que não o da desordem e de algo a ser evitado. Dispostas a "sentir o parto", parecem ir ao encontro das contrações, das emoções e do descontrole, dando passagem para percepções de saúde que seriam atravessadas pela sexualidade e pela espiritualidade, por noções de êxtase e de transe. Diante disso, pretende-se explorar se e de que maneiras tais experiências e percepções têm desalojado a prática médica da "biopolítica", tematizando, para tanto, suas impressões e atitudes à luz da lógica das intensidades e dos afetos, de novos modos de subjetivação e da possibilidade de outras moralidades, que não mais a da histeria e a da fragilidade dos corpos das mulheres.
A randomized clinical trial on the effects of remote intercessory prayer in the adverse outcomes of pregnancies
Authors: Rosa Maria Inês da , Silva Fabio Rosa , Silva Bruno Rosa , Costa Luciana Carvalho , Bergamo Angela Mendes , Silva Napoleão Chiaramonte , Medeiros Lidia Rosi de Freitas , Battisti Iara Denise Endruweit , Azevedo Rafael
Published: April 2013

The scope of this article was to investigate whether intercessory prayer (IP) influences the adverse outcomes of pregnancies. A double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted with 564 pregnant women attending a prenatal public health care service. The women were randomly assigned to an IP group or to a control group (n = 289 per group). They were simultaneously and randomly assigned to practice prayer off-site or not. The following parameters were evaluated: Apgar scores, type of delivery and birth weight. The mean age of the women was 25.1 years of age (± 7.4), and the average gestational age was 23.4 weeks (± 8.1). The average number of years of schooling for the women was 8.1 years (± 3.1). The women in the IP and control groups presented a similar number of adverse medical events with non-significant p. No significant differences were detected in the frequency of adverse outcomes in pregnant women who practiced IP and those in the control group.