bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate projection of Lake Superior under a future warming scenario
Authors: Matsumoto Katsumi , Tokos Kathy S. , Rippke Joseph
Published: July 2019

In a future warming world, a fully dynamical model of Lake Superior projects that the lake will undergo significant physical and biological changes by the middle of the 21st century with important implications for the surrounding region. Projections for the winter include drastically reduced ice and very weak water column stratification. In contrast, the summertime surface warming is projected to begin earlier, last longer, and be more enhanced. In concert, summertime biological production is projected to shift earlier and become larger. These changes have potentially important consequences for stakeholders with interests in shipping, coastal habitability, fishing, water quality, and recreation. Perhaps more fundamentally, the projected changes imply that Lake Superior may change into a different kind of lake with a dramatically weakened dimictic behavior.
Effect of liner on the marginal integrity of resin composite restorations after selective caries excavation: An In Vitro study
Authors: Datta Shailaja , Suprabha Baranya Shrikrishna , Suman Ethel , Shenoy Ramya , Rao Arathi , Nandita K. P.
Published: July 2019

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of cavity liner on marginal adaptation and microleakage of resin composite restorations placed with and without selective caries excavation. Materials and Methods: Class II cavities were prepared in 64 extracted upper premolar teeth followed by microbiological caries induction to simulate deep carious lesions. Composite restorations were performed: Group 1A: without liner and Group 1B: with resin-modified glass ionomer liner after nonselective caries excavation; Group 2A: without liner and Group 2B: with resin-modified glass ionomer liner after selective caries excavation. Maximum gap thickness was measured using a scanning electron microscope to assess the marginal adaptation, and dye penetration method was used for microleakage assessment. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in maximum gap thickness based on the type of caries excavation (P < 0.001) but not for the placement of liner. Selective caries excavation groups had higher values at all margins. Microleakage between the groups was significantly different, both at the occlusal (P = 0.006) and gingival margins (P < 0.001), with Groups 2A and 2B showing higher microleakage. Conclusion: Resin composite restorations performed after selective caries excavation showed decreased marginal integrity and liner application did not contribute to any significant improvement in the same.
Primary Care Occupational Therapy: How Can We Get There? Remaining Challenges in Patient-Centered Medical Homes
Authors: Pape Sharon B. , Muir Sherry
Published: July 2019

Passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in 2010 mandated reform of the United States’ existing primary care system. As part of this reform, advanced practice models, including the Patient-Centered Medical Home model, expanded, with the goal of increasing the use of interprofessional teams. Integrating occupational therapy was promoted as an opportunity to enhance the value of care provided in these redesigned primary care practices. However, occupational therapy’s presence in primary care is still extremely limited.
Statistical theory of probabilistic hazard maps: a probability distribution for the hazard boundary location
Authors: Hyman David M. , Bevilacqua Andrea , Bursik Marcus I.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The study of volcanic flow hazards in a probabilistic framework centers around systematic experimental numerical modeling of the hazardous phenomenon and the subsequent generation and interpretation of a probabilistic hazard map (PHM). For a given volcanic flow (e.g., lava flow, lahar, pyroclastic flow, ash cloud), the PHM is typically interpreted as the point-wise probability of inundation by flow material. In the current work, we present new methods for calculating spatial representations of the mean, standard deviation, median, and modal locations of the hazard's boundary as ensembles of many deterministic runs of a physical model. By formalizing its generation and properties, we show that a PHM may be used to construct these statistical measures of the hazard boundary which have been unrecognized in previous probabilistic hazard analyses. Our formalism shows that a typical PHM for a volcanic flow not only gives the point-wise inundation probability, but also represents a set of cumulative distribution functions for the location of the inundation boundary with a corresponding set of probability density functions. These distributions run over curves of steepest probability gradient ascent on the PHM. Consequently, 2-D space curves can be constructed on the map which represents the mean, median, and modal locations of the likely inundation boundary. These curves give well-defined answers to the question of the likely boundary location of the area impacted by the hazard. Additionally, methods of calculation for higher moments including the standard deviation are presented, which take the form of map regions surrounding the mean boundary location. These measures of central tendency and variance add significant value to spatial probabilistic hazard analyses, giving a new statistical description of the probability distributions underlying PHMs. The theory presented here may be used to aid construction of improved hazard maps, which could prove useful for planning and emergency management purposes. This formalism also allows for application to simplified processes describable by analytic solutions. In that context, the connection between the PHM, its moments, and the underlying parameter variation is explicit, allowing for better source parameter estimation from natural data, yielding insights about natural controls on those parameters.
Machiavelli e i conflitti. Le interpretazioni politiche italiane
Authors: Di Pierro Mattia
Published: July 2019

L’obiettivo di questo articolo è quello di indagare il senso e i limiti delle interpretazioni radicali italiane del pensiero di Niccolò Machiavelli. Letture che si sono diffuse negli ultimi decenni attraverso alcuni autori di riferimento e che hanno posto al centro del loro interesse il paradigma del conflitto. La storia del marxismo e del post-marxismo è il contesto utile a comprendere queste interpretazioni e a cogliere il significato di questo dibattito nel quadro della filosofia politica in Italia. L’inizio del presente saggio è una breve analisi degli aspetti più peculiari delle interpretazioni in oggetto. In seguito l’attenzione è posta su alcuni autori e opere particolarmente significativi.
Ortega y Gasset y Eugenio d’Ors intérpretes de Maquiavelo
Authors: Ghia Walter
Published: July 2019

A principios del siglo XX (1904) Maquiavelo ya es un autor celebrado por Ortega y Gasset, que aborrece el siglo XIX como conclusión de una época, pero que admira sobremanera el Renacimiento. Solo veinte años después –en España invertebrada– la admiración hacia Maquiavelo, se plantea de forma específica y las páginas de El Príncipe se interpretan como el comentario genial “de un italiano a los hechos de dos españoles”, Fernando el Católico y César Borja.

La postura de D’Ors es muy diferente. A pesar de que él, en 1920, abogue en favor de Maquiavelo contra el “juicio vulgar” –en cuanto “venganza simbólica y perdurable de la Inteligencia contra la Astucia”–, por cierto concluye colocándose entre los críticos más radicales: según D’Ors, Maquiavelo reitera en la Modernidad el paganismo del emperador Juliano, y anticipa –contra Dante y su teoría del imperio– el destino de una Europa fragmentada, donde pelean ideas y naciones, sin referencia alguna a una autoridad de alcance universal.
Health Information Technology and Accountable Care Organizations: A Systematic
Review and Future Directions
Authors: Balio Casey P. , Apathy Nate C. , Danek Robin L.
Published: July 2019

Background: Since the inception of Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs), many
have acknowledged the potential synergy between ACOs and health information technology
(IT) in meeting quality and cost goals.Objective: We conducted a systematic review of
the literature in order to describe what research has been conducted at the intersection
of health IT and ACOs and identify directions for future research.Methods: We identified
empirical studies discussing the use of health IT via PubMed search with subsequent
snowball reference review. The type of health IT, how health IT was included in the
study, use of theory, population, and findings were extracted from each study.Results:
Our search resulted in 32 studies describing the intersection of health IT and ACOs,
mainly in the form of electronic health records and health information exchange. Studies
were divided into three streams by purpose; those that considered health IT as a factor
for ACO participation, health IT use by current ACOs, and ACO performance as a function
of health IT capabilities. Although most studies found a positive association between
health IT and ACO participation, studies that address the performance of ACOs in terms
of their health IT capabilities show more mixed results.Conclusions: In order to better
understand this emerging relationship between health IT and ACO performance, we propose
future research should consider more quasi-experimental studies, the use of theory, and
merging health, quality, cost, and health IT use data across ACO member
organizations.
Regression of Renal Cyst in a NSCLC Patient Treated with Crizotinib
Authors: Okauchi Shinichiro , Kawai Koji , Miyazaki Kunihiko , Yamada Hideyasu , Satoh Hiroaki
Published: July 2019

Dear Editor [...]
Common Concepts of Immanuel Kant's "The Perpetual Peace" and The Charter of the United Nations
Authors: Musiał Aleksandra
Published: July 2019

The essay compares selected Kantian ideas stated in The Perpetual Peace with the institutions established by the Charter of the United Nations and the Statute of the International Court of Justice. The concept of a nation and its position in international law in view of the Charter will be presented and linked with the Kantian theory of sovereignty of Nations. The core of the paper is an afterthought on the supremacy of three separate powers over the Nations, hence the question of the rules of procedure held by the International Court of Justice will be regarded as the consequence of the idea of sovereign equality. The Kantian concept: "Nations, as states, may be judged like individuals”: (Kant, 1917, p. 128) is observed from the perspective of state’s demand for independence. The institution of the International Court of Justice is presented as a universal supreme body. The key issue of the essay is the federative character of union as a guarantee of eternal peace seen as common point in both of the documents discussed.
A formação de juízes: o desafio de formar novas competências
Authors: Campos Cláudia Suely de Almeida
Published: July 2019

Este artigo analisa a atuação da Escola Judicial Desembargador Edésio Fernandes do TJMG no desenvolvimento de competências dos Juízes. Foi realizada uma pesquisa utilizando o método de estudo de caso, a coleta de dados feita através de análise documental e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados revelaram que a Escola Judicial mineira contribui positivamente no desenvolvimento das competências relacionadas aos conhecimentos técnico-jurídicos, mas os juízes acreditam ser necessário a Escola trabalhar as competências humano-sociais, para o exercício da função. Existe também a necessidade do juiz acompanhar a evolução tecnológica, mas a pesquisa revelou aspectos dificultadores. Características inerentes às organizações burocráticas como centralização de poder, hierarquia, controle, são transpostas para as salas de aula, dificultando a relação professor-aluno.
Atenção básica em saúde: um estudo de caso no município de Canguaretama/RN
Authors: Ferreira Lima Maria Wiedelania , Brito Guerra Lenin Cavalcanti , Campos Mendonça Cláudio Márcio
Published: July 2019

A presente pesquisa possui como objetivo analisar a adequação dos serviços oferecidos nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde, na ótica dos pacientes, segundo o Manual de Estrutura da UBS do SUS e a Política Nacional de Atenção Básica (PNAB), em Canguaretama, município localizado no interior do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. No referencial teórico, a partir de autores como Secchi (2013), Carvalho (2013) e Souza (2003), dentre outros, foram abordados os temas relacionados à definição, o ciclo e avaliação de políticas públicas, bem como a criação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). No tocante à metodologia, a pesquisa foi exploratória e quantitativa, tendo ouvido 100 pacientes de quatro UBS do município, escolhidos por amostra não probabilística por conveniência, através de formulários, além de entrevistar uma enfermeira de cada unidade. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que, na ótica dos pacientes, há adequação dos serviços como consulta médica, enfermagem e odontologia, com os requisitos exigidos pelo SUS, mas os mesmos indicaram a necessidade de melhorias no atendimento e condições de infraestrutura das UBS.
Liberté, Egalité... y ¿cómo se llamaba el tercero, hermano?
Authors: Vergés Gifra Joan
Published: July 2019

En este artículo nos planteamos dos propósitos. En primer lugar, trazar una distinción entre la fraternidad y la solidaridad. En segundo lugar, intentamos averiguar qué relación mantienen la fraternidad y la justicia. Para ello, presentamos una tipología de posibilidades. Finalmente, sugerimos una explicación conceptual de por qué el concepto de fraternidad cayó en declive.
Gratuidad y subsidiariedad: una mirada política a la fraternidad católica
Authors: Gamper Sachse Daniel
Published: July 2019

El concepto de fraternidad en la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia entiende la naturaleza humana en términos relacionales. Los deberes fraternos son consustanciales a la naturaleza humana y por tanto el conflicto entre libertad e igualdad queda atenuado. En el contexto de la economía globalizada, la fraternidad, vinculada al principio de gratuidad y a la lógica del don, se propone como vía para lograr una humanización de una economía que amenaza con independizarse del control político. En términos católicos, esta fraternidad se acoge al principio de subsidiariedad. Frente a las concepciones contractualistas de la fraternidad que parten del conflicto, la fraternidad católica mantiene una antropología relacional que naturaliza la motivación para el ejercicio de los deberes fraternos.
Cooperación y fraternidad civil
Authors: García Arnaldos María Dolores
Published: July 2019

La crisis en la que estamos inmersos tiene entre sus causas una profunda crisis de relaciones entre las personas y los Estados. Si superamos esta crisis de relaciones, asumiendo nuevos paradigmas políticos y sociales, aseguraremos la base de una nueva convivencia democrática, integradora y solidaria, que responda al reto de la globalización y la interdependencia. Sólo se saldrá de la crisis de relaciones desde valores basados en la solidaridad, asentada en la confianza mutua. Algunas propuestas para regenerar el sistema de valores apelan el paradigma de la fraternidad: la globalización de la solidaridad como respuesta a la crisis de la globalización.
Corpus-based Critical Translation Studies: Research Areas and Approaches
Authors: Hu Kaibao , Li Xiaoqian
Published: July 2019

This paper discusses the origin, features, research areas, and approaches, as well as the implications, of corpus-based critical translation studies (CCTS), with a view to establishing a theoretical framework. It is argued that CCTS, born of corpus-based translation studies and critical translation studies, will serve to unveil ideological factors behind the translated texts and the process involved. The birth of CCTS has not only revolutionized the methodology of critical translation studies, but has also broadened its scope.
Explicitation, Unique Items and the Translation of English Passives in Thai Legal Texts
Authors: Kenny Dorothy , Satthachai Mali
Published: July 2019

Despite growing interest in the study of translation in Thailand, relatively little has been published on contemporary Thai translation practices. This study presents a first attempt to explore legal translation into Thai, using both a purpose-built parallel corpus of international treaties translated from English into Thai, and a monolingual corpus of non-translated Thai legislation. Drawing on previous corpus-based studies concerned with general features of translation, we ask whether there is evidence of explicitation (Becher 2010a) in our translated data and whether “unique items” (Tirkkonen-Condit 2002) are underrepresented. We pursue these questions through a study of the translation of the passive voice into Thai, and focus in particular on the Thai passive markers ถูก /thùuk/, โดน /doon/, and ได้รับ /dai-rup/, which we consider unique items in Thai. The study finds that, despite some writers’ antipathy to the passive voice in Thai, most English passives are translated into Thai using the passive voice, and that in those instances where the active voice is used in the translation, there is rarely any explicitation involved, as explicit agents are rarely added in Thai. We do not find any evidence to support the hypothesis that unique items are underrepresented in translation. On the contrary, the unique items studied appear to be overrepresented in translation into Thai.
Is photography really limited in its capacity to communicate thought? A response to Hopkin
Authors: Atencia Linares Paloma
Published: July 2019

In The Real Challenge to Photography (as a communicative representational art), Robert Hopkins claims that a particular and significant kind of photography – what he calls ‘authentic’ photography – cannot exploit the same range of resources as non-photographic images when it comes to communicating thoughts. In this paper, I question this claim by raising concerns regarding the conditions Hopkins poses for something to qualify as communication of thoughtand, more importantly, by arguing that there are indeed techniques in ‘authentic’ photography that allow the artist to exploit the vehicle properties of the medium independently of the content
Quantitative mapping of protein-peptide affinity landscapes using spectrally encoded beads
Authors: Nguyen Huy Quoc , Roy Jagoree , Harink Björn , Damle Nikhil P , Latorraca Naomi R , Baxter Brian C , Brower Kara , Longwell Scott A , Kortemme Tanja , Thorn Kurt S , Cyert Martha S , Fordyce Polly Morrell
Published: July 2019

Transient, regulated binding of globular protein domains to Short Linear Motifs (SLiMs) in disordered regions of other proteins drives cellular signaling. Mapping the energy landscapes of these interactions is essential for deciphering and perturbing signaling networks but is challenging due to their weak affinities. We present a powerful technology (MRBLE-pep) that simultaneously quantifies protein binding to a library of peptides directly synthesized on beads containing unique spectral codes. Using MRBLE-pep, we systematically probe binding of calcineurin (CN), a conserved protein phosphatase essential for the immune response and target of immunosuppressants, to the PxIxIT SLiM. We discover that flanking residues and post-translational modifications critically contribute to PxIxIT-CN affinity and identify CN-binding peptides based on multiple scaffolds with a wide range of affinities. The quantitative biophysical data provided by this approach will improve computational modeling efforts, elucidate a broad range of weak protein-SLiM interactions, and revolutionize our understanding of signaling networks.
Unique-region phosphorylation targets LynA for rapid degradation, tuning its expression and signaling in myeloid cells
Authors: Brian Ben F , Jolicoeur Adrienne S , Guerrero Candace R , Nunez Myra G , Sychev Zoi E , Hegre Siv A , Sætrom Pål , Habib Nagy , Drake Justin M , Schwertfeger Kathryn L , Freedman Tanya S
Published: July 2019

The activity of Src-family kinases (SFKs), which phosphorylate immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs), is a critical factor regulating myeloid-cell activation. We reported previously that the SFK LynA is uniquely susceptible to rapid ubiquitin-mediated degradation in macrophages, functioning as a rheostat regulating signaling (Freedman et al., 2015). We now report the mechanism by which LynA is preferentially targeted for degradation and how cell specificity is built into the LynA rheostat. Using genetic, biochemical, and quantitative phosphopeptide analyses, we found that the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl preferentially targets LynA via a phosphorylated tyrosine (Y32) in its unique region. This distinct mode of c-Cbl recognition depresses steady-state expression of LynA in macrophages derived from mice. Mast cells, however, express little c-Cbl and have correspondingly high LynA. Upon activation, mast-cell LynA is not rapidly degraded, and SFK-mediated signaling is amplified relative to macrophages. Cell-specific c-Cbl expression thus builds cell specificity into the LynA checkpoint.
Insulin-like peptides and the mTOR-TFEB pathway protect Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites from mating-induced death
Authors: Shi Cheng , Booth Lauren N , Murphy Coleen T
Published: July 2019

Lifespan is shortened by mating, but these deleterious effects must be delayed long enough for successful reproduction. Susceptibility to brief mating-induced death is caused by the loss of protection upon self-sperm depletion. Self-sperm maintains the expression of a DAF-2 insulin-like antagonist, INS-37, which promotes the nuclear localization of intestinal HLH-30/TFEB, a key pro-longevity regulator. Mating induces the agonist INS-8, promoting HLH-30 nuclear exit and subsequent death. In opposition to the protective role of HLH-30 and DAF-16/FOXO, TOR/LET-363 and the IIS-regulated Zn-finger transcription factor PQM-1 promote seminal-fluid-induced killing. Self-sperm maintenance of nuclear HLH-30/TFEB allows hermaphrodites to resist mating-induced death until self-sperm are exhausted, increasing the chances that mothers will survive through reproduction. Mothers combat males’ hijacking of their IIS pathway by expressing an insulin antagonist that keeps her healthy through the activity of pro-longevity factors, as long as she has her own sperm to utilize.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing interneurons are impaired in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome
Authors: Goff Kevin M , Goldberg Ethan M
Published: July 2019

Dravet Syndrome (DS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by pathogenic loss of function variants in the gene SCN1A which encodes the voltage gated sodium (Na+) channel subunit Nav1.1. GABAergic interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV-INs) and somatostatin (SST-INs) exhibit impaired excitability in DS (Scn1a+/-) mice. However, the function of a third major class of interneurons in DS – those expressing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP-IN) –is unknown. We recorded VIP-INs in brain slices from Scn1a+/-mice and wild-type littermate controls and found prominent impairment of irregular spiking (IS), but not continuous adapting (CA) VIP-INs, in Scn1a+/- mice. Application of the Nav1.1-specific toxin Hm1a rescued the observed deficits. The IS vs. CA firing pattern is determined by expression of KCNQ channels; IS VIP-INs switched to tonic firing with both pharmacologic blockade of M-current and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation. These results show that VIP-INs express Nav1.1 and are dysfunctional in DS, which may contribute to DS pathogenesis.
The bereaved parent
Authors: Wallace Edward
Published: July 2019

The impacts of grief are long-lasting, but support from colleagues provides some relief.
Different neurocognitive patterns of conflict control in Tibetans living above and below 4,000 m
Authors: Ma Hailin , Han Buxin , Wang Yan
Published: July 2019

Background

The existence of a particular threshold of hypoxia severity, beyond which neuropsychological functioning is compromised, is unclear. We investigated the neurocognitive profile related to conflict control in healthy young Tibetans born and living at three different altitudes (2,700 m, 3,700 m, and 4,500 m) in Tibet to investigate the existence of this threshold.

Methods

Using event-related potentials (ERPs), the conflict control functions of individuals in the three altitude groups were investigated by means of a flanker task, using congruent and incongruent stimuli. The data were analyzed using mixed-model analyses of variance.

Results

Although effect of altitude was not significant at a behavioral level (p > 0.05), the ERPs showed cognitive conflict modulation. The N2 difference wave (for incongruent minus congruent conditions) was smaller in the 4,500-m group than in the groups living below 4,000 m (p < 0.05). The study’s findings suggest that the influence of high altitude in the conflict monitoring stage becomes significant above 4,000 m. Thus, the altitude threshold for impairment of cognition may be 4,000 m.
Prevalence of Benign Breast Lesions, Epithelial Proliferations with or without Atypia in Calabar-A Retrospective Review
Authors: Ebughe G. A. , Ugbem T. I. , Ushie D. E. , Effewongbe S. , Udosen J. E. , Umoh M. S.
Published: July 2019

Aims: The aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of benign breast lesions and proliferative lesions which are associated with increase risk of breast cancer. This is aimed at influencing the hospital policy on mammographic screening.

Study Design: Descriptive retrospective study involving a trend analysis of benign breast lesion, proliferative analysed in the surgical pathology unit of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital between 1st of January 2012 to October 31st 2014.

Place and Duration of Study: Pathology Department of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. The study was carried out between March and April 2019.

Methodology: Descriptive retrospective study of trend analysis of benign and proliferative breast lesions over the period with literature review.

Results: Two hundred and seventeen 217 patients consisting of seven males and two hundred and ten females with a female: Male ratio of 1:0.04. Mean age was 26.4 ± 10.0 years, ranging from 10 to 70 years, with 21-30 (94, 43.5%), as the predominant age and less than 21 years (70, 32.4%) as the second common age group. Seventy four percent of (74%) of the breast lesions were benign non proliferative lesions while 26% were proliferative breast lesions. Of the proliferative lesions, five or 8.9% of the proliferative or 2.33% of the lesions were atypical ductal hyperplasia’s which have a high risk of progression to cancer.

Conclusion: Proliferative breast lesions and the premalignant lesions of the breast are not commonly reported in Calabar. An upscale of population screening and mammographic services may improve their yield which will help prevent some invasive breast cancers.
Kinetics Properties and Thermal Behavior of Pine Sawdust and Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: Omari Arthur M. , Kichonge Baraka , Chaula Zephania A.
Published: July 2019

Waste resulting from economic activities has been an integral part of every human society. Effective waste management is considered to be consistent with improved quality of life through removal of potential hazards of uncontrolled disposal. Recent years has witnessed a number of sustainable energy recovery technologies developed to divert solid waste destined for landﬁlls. Waste management is a global problem and therefore development of energy recovery technologies and at the same time serving dual purpose in its reduction has become a priority in recent years. The present study reports kinetics properties and thermal behavior of pine sawdust and municipal solid waste (MSW) using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thus providing theoretical basis for development of energy recovery technologies. Results of this study have shown that the activation energy of both MSW and pine sawdust varies with temperature. The analysis of pine sawdust shows that it has activation energy (Ea) values of 26.19 kJ/mol., 87.46 kJ/mol. and 54.46 kJ/mol. At respective temperature ranges between 350 – 400K, 550 – 650K and 700 800K.  MSW has activation energy between 72.91 kJ/mol. and 139.1 kJ/mol. at temperature ranges between 700 – 900 K and 500 – 600 K respectively. The estimated value of pre-exponential factor for pine sawdust was determined to have the values of 2.46 x 104, 1.6 x 1010 and 5.32 x 1016 (s-1) with temperature ranges between 350 – 400 K, 550 – 650 K and 700 800 K respectively. Municipal solid waste has the values of 3.01 x 1012 and 7.31 x 103 (s-1) with a temperature range of 500 – 600 K and 700 – 900 K respectively. From these findings, it has been determined that MSW and pine sawdust available in Arusha and Kilimanjaro possess energy recovery potentials.
The Evolving Knowledge Management Adult Learner
Authors: Stevens Jeff , Chen Jim , Zekany Kay , Adrian Mitch
Published: July 2019

This longitudinal study examines the perceptions, attitudes, and preferences of the adult learners in higher education institutions in the United States. A qualitative design was utilized, engaging respondents from six geographic regions in the United States. This three-year, longitudinal research results were compared and contrasted with the eight principles of the Council for Adult and Experiential Learning, and best practices for meeting the educational and professional needs of the adult learner were proposed [1]. Since Knowles [2] published his seminal work on adult learners and their unique characteristics, there have emerged a growing number of studies categorizing these students.  Also known as nontraditional students, these individuals have been identified as sharing distinctive commonalities, such as: (1) full time employment with part-time enrollment, (2) dependent support (whether married or single parent status), (3) flexibility in academic and professional advisement, (4) acknowledgement of work- and life-experiences, and (5) are constrained by time limitations [3,4,5].
Optimal Kiln Dry Allocation for Dry Timber Preparation to Minimize Cost
Authors: Theresia Juliet , Widyadana I Gede Agus , Wahjudi Didik
Published: July 2019

Optimization models are increasingly developed for planning and scheduling in manufacturing of natural resources. However, the uncertainty of material from natural resources makes it more difficult to develop a model.  In this paper, we concern about the cost of dry timber preparation for finishing process in a wood-board manufacturer. Based on characteristics of the material and wood-board production process, we develop two models to minimize transportation and drying cost of wood supply. The models consider the capacity of facilities, distances among facilities, and timber specification-based drying periods. The model is solved using linear programming, result in drying allocation of kiln dry’s chambers that gives the minimum cost of the process. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to demonstrate the effect of variation of internal capacity and external capacity to the objective function value. The results show that the total cost is more sensitive to the variation of the external capacity of kiln dry than the variation of the internal capacity.
Smart Compound Eyes Enable Tunable Imaging
Authors: Ma Zhuo‐Chen , Hu Xin‐Yu , Zhang Yong‐Lai , Liu Xue‐Qing , Hou Zhi‐Shan , Niu Li‐Gang , Zhu Lin , Han Bing , Chen Qi‐Dai , Sun Hong‐Bo
Published: July 2019

Compound eyes are natural multiaperture optical imaging systems and have substantial potential in the field of modern optics. However, both natural and artificial compound eyes are composed of ommatidia with fixed focal lengths, and thus incapable of variable‐focus imaging. In this study, inspired by the tunable crystalline lens of human eyes, smart stimuli‐responsive compound eyes based on the bovine serum album (BSA) protein are fabricated via femtosecond laser direct writing. Due to the swelling and shrinking effect of BSA under different pH conditions, a tunable field of view (FOV, 35°–80°) and variable focal length of ommatidia are achieved. In addition to the direct prototyping of an entire protein‐based compound eye, the ability to flexibly integrate the smart protein ommatidia with a conventional optical lens (an SU‐8 lens in this study) to form a composite compound eye is shown. The composite compound eye achieves nearly 400% of focal length tuning at a fixed FOV. It is anticipated that femtosecond laser fabrication and the integration of smart protein‐based compound eyes may emerge as an enabler for fabricating miniature tunable imaging systems.
Patterning Si at the 1 nm Length Scale with Aberration‐Corrected Electron‐Beam Lithography: Tuning of Plasmonic Properties by Design
Authors: Manfrinato Vitor R. , Camino Fernando E. , Stein Aaron , Zhang Lihua , Lu Ming , Stach Eric A. , Black Charles T.
Published: July 2019

Patterning of materials at single nanometer resolution allows engineering of quantum confinement effects, as these effects are significant at these length scales, and yields direct control over electro‐optical properties. Silicon is by far the most important material in electronics, and the ability to fabricate Si‐based devices of the smallest dimensions for novel device engineering is highly desirable. The work presented here uses aberration‐corrected electron‐beam lithography combined with dry reactive ion etching to achieve both: patterning of 1 nm features and surface and volume plasmon engineering in Si. The nanofabrication technique employed here produces nanowires with a line edge roughness (LER) of 1 nm (3σ). In addition, this work demonstrates tuning of the Si volume plasmon energy by 1.2 eV from the bulk value, which is one order of magnitude higher than previous attempts of volume plasmon engineering using lithographic methods.
Controllable Configuration of Sensing Band in a Pressure Sensor by Lenticular Pattern Deformation on Designated Electrodes
Authors: Jeong Chanho , Lee Ju Seung , Park Byeonghak , Hong Chang Seob , Kim Jong Uk , Kim Tae‐il
Published: July 2019

Resistive‐type pressure sensor, which are mainly utilized in industry, are easy to manufacture and are not significantly affected by external electromagnetic fields, unlike capacitive type. However, the produce signal is not linear, and it is also difficult to measure a wide range of pressures using such a sensor. Therefore, before being utilized, the extracted nonlinear data from them need to be processed by. A resistive sensor that is capable of measuring a wide range of pressure of up to 4 MPa with constant linearity is presented. Moreover it can selectively control the sensing pressure band, or act as an on/off switch, without the need for any additional computer processing.
Beneficial Role of Organolead Halide Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3/SnO2 Interface: Theoretical and Experimental Study
Authors: Zhang Siyu , Su Jie , Lin Zhenhua , Tian Ke , Guo Xing , Zhang Jincheng , Chang Jingjing , Hao Yue
Published: July 2019

Understanding the interfacial properties of perovskite/SnO2 interface is important for perovskite solar cell design and optimization. Here, interfacial structure and transport properties of CH3NH3PbI3/SnO2 interfaces are investigated comprehensively by density functional theory and experiment. Forming CH3NH3PbI3/SnO2 interfaces weakens the gap states induced by CH3NH3PbI3 surfaces. The interfacial transport properties are strongly dependent on the interface atomic configurations. The CH3NH3PbI3/SnO2 interface with PbI and O terminations is more beneficial for hole blocking and electron transporting due to the largest valence band offset compared to the CH3NH3PbI3/SnO2 interface with other terminations. Moreover, it exhibits a larger electrostatic potential difference compared with CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 interface, leading to the higher electron transfer efficiency. Hence, higher power conversion efficiency is achieved based on CH3NH3PbI3/SnO2 compared to CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 structure in experiments. In addition, CH3NH3PbI3/SnO2 interfaces with PbI terminations are more stable than those with CH3NH3I terminations, suggesting PbI2 layer may be preferentially formed on SnO2 substrate during CH3NH3PbI3 fabrication process. Such results could provide a useful understanding on CH3NH3PbI3/SnO2 interface and contribute to new strategies for the interface optimization.
Structure of Nonsolvent‐Quenched Block Copolymer Solutions after Exposure to Electric Fields during Solvent Evaporation
Authors: Dreyer Oliver , Wu Mei‐Ling , Radjabian Maryam , Abetz Clarissa , Abetz Volker
Published: July 2019

In this work, an electric field is incorporated during the solvent evaporation step of the block copolymer self‐assembly and nonsolvent induced phase separation (SNIPS) process. This study investigates the structure of nonsolvent‐quenched polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P2VP) and polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) diblock copolymer solutions after exposure to electric fields during solvent evaporation. The results indicate an emphasizing effect of the electric field, enhancing self‐assembly and compensating mediocre experimental parameters to a certain degree. However, the impact is found to be different for the two diblock copolymer membranes depending on the selection of experimental parameters as well as the segregation strength of the systems. In addition, an increasing length of the vertically aligned cylindrical pores by the electric field is observed for both membranes, scaling with the applied voltage. This effect is primarily attributed to the suppression of defects and ill‐alignment of polymer domains in the course of structure formation during SNIPS by the electric field. Scanning electron microscopy is used to image the surface and cross‐sectional morphology of the integral asymmetric membranes.
Cyclisation Reactions Involving Alkyl Enol Ethers
Authors: Lempenauer Luisa , Lemière Gilles , Duñach Elisabet
Published: July 2019

Enol ethers are a fascinating product class and valuable building blocks with versatile reactivities and synthetic applications. With the emergence of silyl enol ethers, the chemistry of simple alkyl enol ethers has received less attention and targeted reviews of their chemistry are scarce. Especially intramolecular reactions under participation of an enol ether function have never been specifically surveyed. The construction of cyclic scaffolds is arguably one of the most important and challenging tasks of the organic chemist and intramolecular cyclisations represent the most straight‐forward tool to achieve this goal. The potential of enol ether‐containing substrates to form oxygenated carbo‐ and heterocycles is obvious. The purpose of this review is to discuss their particular reactivity and to direct the reader's attention to how their unique properties have been harnessed by organic chemists for the construction of rings.

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1T′‐ReS2 Confined in 2D‐Honeycombed Carbon Nanosheets as New Anode Materials for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Biao , Li Huan , Liu Huaxiong , Wang Xinqian , Xie Fangxi , Deng Yida , Hu Wenbin , Davey Kenneth , Zhao Naiqin , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: July 2019

ReS2 (rhenium disulfide) is a new transition‐metal dichalcogenide that exhibits 1T′ phase and extremely weak interlayer van der Waals interactions. This makes it promising as an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries. However, achieving both a high‐rate capability and a long‐life has remained a major research challenge. Here, a new composite is reported, in which both are realized for the first time. 1T′‐ReS2 is confined through strong interfacial interaction in a 2D‐honeycombed carbon nanosheets that comprise an rGO inter‐layer and a N‐doped carbon coating‐layer (rGO@ReS2@N‐C). The strong interfacial interaction between carbon and ReS2 increases overall conductivity and decreases Na+ diffusion resistance, whilst the intended 2D‐honeycombed carbon protective layer maintains structural morphology and electrochemical activity during long‐term cycling. These findings are confirmed by advanced characterization techniques, electrochemical measurement, and density functional theory calculation. The new rGO@ReS2@N‐C exhibits the greatest rate performance reported so far for ReS2 of 231 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1. Significantly, this is together with ultra‐stable long‐term cycling of 192 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 4000 cycles.
Foliar water‐uptake strategies are related to leaf water status and gas exchange in plants from a ferruginous rupestrian field
Authors: Boanares Daniela , Kozovits Alessandra R. , Lemos‐Filho José P. , Isaias Rosy M. S. , Solar Ricardo R. R. , Duarte Alexandre A. , Vilas‐Boas Tiago , França Marcel G. C.
Published: July 2019

Premise

Fog is a frequent event in Brazilian rupestrian field and plays an important role in the physiology of several plant species. Foliar water uptake (FWU) of fog may be fast or slow depending on the species. However, fog water may negatively affect CO2 assimilation. Thus, the interference in the water and carbon balance as a result of different strategies of FWU was evaluated to verify whether fog may mitigate possible water deficit in leaves.

Methods

Four plant species with different FWU strategies were studied in a ferruginous rupestrian field with frequent fog. Gas exchange and water potential were measured before dawn and at midday during the dry and rainy seasons, separating foggy from non‐foggy days during the dry season.

Results

The FWU speed negatively influences CO2 assimilation in the dry season, possibly because of its negative relationship with stomatal conductance, since reduced stomatal aperture impairs carbon entrance. Fog presence increased leaf water potential both in early morning and midday during the dry season. However, during the rainy season, the values of leaf water potential were lower at midday, than during the dry season with fog at midday, which favors leaf gas exchanges.

Conclusions

FWU interferes negatively, but briefly with CO2 assimilation. Nevertheless, FWU prevents water loss through transpiration and increases the water status of plants in the dry season. That is, FWU results in a compensation between CO2 assimilation and foliar hydration, which, in fact, is beneficial to the plants of this ecosystem.
Clinical and molecular analysis in Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome
Authors: Machado Renato A. , Cuadra‐Zelaya Florence J. M. , Martelli‐Júnior Hercílio , Miranda Roseli T. , Casarin Renato C. V. , Corrêa Mônica G. , Nociti Francisco , Coletta Ricardo D.
Published: July 2019

Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome (PLS; MIM#245000) is a rare recessive autosomal disorder characterized by palmar and plantar hyperkeratosis, and aggressively progressing periodontitis leading to premature loss of deciduous and permanent teeth. PLS is caused by loss‐of‐function mutations in the CTSC gene, which encodes cathepsin C. PLS clinical expressivity is highly variable and no consistent genotype–phenotype correlation has been demonstrated yet. Here we report the clinical and genetic features of five PLS patients presenting a severe periodontal breakdown in primary and permanent dentition, hyperkeratosis over palms and soles, and recurrent sinusitis and/or tonsillitis. Mutation analysis revealed two novel homozygous recessive mutations (c.947T>C and c.1010G>C) and one previous described homozygous recessive mutation (c.901G>A), with parents carrying them in heterozygous, in three families (four patients). The fourth family presented with the CTSC c.628C>T mutation in heterozygous, which was inherited maternally. Patient carrying the CTSC c.628C>T mutation featured classical PLS phenotype, but no PLS clinical characteristics were found in his carrier mother. All mutations were found to affect directly (c.901G>A, c.947T>C, and c.1010G>C) or indirectly (c.628C>T, which induces a premature termination) the heavy chain of the cathepsin C, the region responsible for activation of the lysosomal protease. Together, these findings indicate that both homozygous and heterozygous mutations in the cathepsin C heavy chain domain may lead to classical PLS phenotype, suggesting roles for epistasis or gene–environment interactions on determination of PLS phenotypes.
Intravenous thrombolysis prior to mechanical thrombectomy in large vessel occlusions
Authors: Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Malhotra Konark , Goyal Nitin , Arthur Adam , Schellinger Peter D. , Köhrmann Martin , Krogias Christos , Turc Guillaume , Magoufis Georgios , Leys Didier , Ahmed Niaz , Khatri Pooja , Goyal Mayank , Alexandrov Andrei V. , Tsivgoulis Georgios
Published: July 2019

Objective

The substantial clinical improvement in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT), combined with the poor response of proximal intracranial occlusions to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), led to questions regarding the utility of bridging therapy (BT; IVT followed by MT) compared to direct mechanical thrombectomy (dMT) for AIS patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO).

Methods

We aimed to investigate the comparative safety and efficacy of BT and dMT in AIS patients. We included all observational studies and post hoc analyses from randomized controlled clinical trials that provided data on the outcomes of AIS patients with LVO stratified by IVT treatment status prior to MT.

Results

We identified 38 eligible observational studies (11,798 LVO patients, mean age = 68 years, 56% treated with BT). In unadjusted analyses, BT was associated with a higher likelihood of 3‐month functional independence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32–1.76), 3‐month functional improvement (common OR [cOR] for 1‐point decrease in modified Rankin Scale score = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.18–1.97), early neurological improvement (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.83–1.76), successful recanalization (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.02–1.46), and successful recanalization with ≤2 device passes (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.43–3.64) compared to dMT. BT was also related to a lower likelihood of 3‐month mortality (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.57–0.73). In the adjusted analyses, BT was independently associated with a higher likelihood of 3‐month functional independence (adjusted OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.26–1.91) and lower odds of 3‐month mortality (adjusted OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66–0.97) compared to dMT. The two groups did not differ in functional improvement (adjusted cOR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.89–1.74) or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (adjusted OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.61–1.25).

Interpretation

BT appears to be associated with improved functional independence without evidence for safety concerns, compared to dMT, for AIS patients with LVO. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:395–406
Tetraphenylporphyrin‐based dual‐functional medical agent for magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging
Authors: Jin Manyu , Zhang Yanqun , Gao Ge , Xi Qiaoyue , Tong Jie , Zhao Yongxia , Wu Cunqi , Zhou Hua , Yang Qiuxia , Yang Wei , Xu Jingwei
Published: July 2019

A bimodal magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent, TPP‐M‐Gd, was developed by modifying tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) with a small dendritic molecule as a ligand (M) to chelate gadolinium (Gd) ions. The ligand featured four carboxylate groups, which contributed to good water solubility and a strong combination with metal ions. The longitudinal relaxivity (R1) of the resulting agent was calculated to be 12.45 mM−1 s−1, which is much higher than that of DTPA‐Gd (4.49 mM−1 s−1). The magnetic resonance imaging experiments showed that the newly synthesized contrast agent could enhance T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging quality both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, TPP‐M‐Gd exhibited good fluorescent property as shown in cell imaging experiments. The cytotoxicity of TPP‐M‐Gd was even better than that of clinically approved DTPA‐Gd, which makes it a promising dual‐functional medical imaging agent to provide more detailed information about biological and disease‐related events.