bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
JUDGING OF THE COMPETITIONS IN MEN'S ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS
Authors: Семенова Лиана Олеговна
Published: May 2021

Статья посвящена описанию судейства соревнований по мужской художественной гимнастике. В работе проведен анализ правил соревнований и сравнение судейства мальчиков и девочек в художественной гимнастике. Данные в статье помогут точно и грамотно разобраться в системе подсчета оценок на соревнованиях по художественной гимнастике у мальчиков, так как данный вид программы представлен на официальных стартах Чемпионата и Первенства России [1].

The article is devoted to the description of judging competitions in men's rhythmic gymnastics. The paper analyzes the rules of competitions and compares the judging of boys and girls in rhythmic gymnastics. The data in the article will help you accurately and competently understand the system of scoring in rhythmic gymnastics competitions for boys, as this type of program is presented at the official starts of the Championship and the Championship of Russia.
HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AND ITS ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Абрамян Мария Владимировна , Свиридова Алина Викторовна , Веселова Елена Николаевна
Published: May 2021

Велика ли роль инфекции Helicobacter pylori на патогенез неалкогольной жировой болезни печени (НАЖБП)? Последние данные свидетельствуют о наличии их взаимосвязи [1, 2]. Однако до сих пор данная тема остается под вопросом. Цель данной работы - исследовать возможную связь и клиническое значение Helicobacter pylori в патогенезе неалкогольной жировой болезни печени.

Is the role of Helicobacter pylori infection on the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) significant? Recent data indicate the presence of their relationship [1, 2]. However, until now, this topic remains in question. The aim of this work is to investigate the possible relationship and clinical significance of Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
THE STRUCTURE OF CADETS' READINESS FOR PROFESSIONAL INTERACTION IN A POLYCULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Пинчукова Оксана Сергеевна
Published: May 2021

В данной статье рассматривается структура готовности курсантов военных вузов к профессиональному взаимодействию в поликультурной среде. Описан ряд компонентов и выделены базовые характеристики данного взаимодействия.

This article discusses the structure of cadets’ readiness of military universities for professional interaction in a multicultural environment. A number of components are described and the basic characteristics of this interaction are highlighted.
FEATURES OF THE PERFORMANCE OF NOTARIAL ACTS IN INTERNATIONAL CIRCULATION
Authors:   PhD Student Department of “History” Faculty of Humanities Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute, Mamazhonova Intizor Turdimatovna
Published: May 2021

Among the law enforcement agencies of our country, the state notary is of great importance. Notarial actions effectively ensure the protection and protection of indisputable rights and interests in the event that these actions are performed in accordance with the rules established in advance by law. Documents drawn up abroad with the participation of officials of the competent authorities of other states or outgoing from them are accepted by a notary, subject to their legalization by the body of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Without legalization, such documents are accepted by the notary in cases where it is provided for by the legislation and international treaties of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
IMPROVEMENT OF LADIES MANAGEMENT AT THE ESSENTIAL IN BANGLADESH: A ANALYSIS OF ITS FRAME, CONDITIONSAND PERFORMANCE
Authors:   Department Of History And Social Science, Ocean University Of Sri Lanka, Imran H. Md.
Published: May 2021

This paper attempts to unwind the examination question: what were the constructions, settings and cycles that created ladies administration in bangladesh the paper depends on content examination strategy. the discoveries of the examination disentangled that ladies initiative in a nation becomes through different financial, political and legitimate cycles, constructions and settings that permitted ladies playing position of authority. liberal worth framework, vote based administration, headway of schooling, science, data and correspondence advances information and communication technologies, diverse socio-political developments, ladies' associations and systems administration, good enactment and so on, can give positive stimulus to uniting ladies' authority. from a genuine perspective, financial components assumed urgent part for arising ladies initiative in the essential based neighbourhood government in bangladesh. it was apparent that working in non-governmental organizations non-governmental organizations tremendous number of ladies accomplished financial liberation and conscientization by including themselves in different pay creating exercises and created huge social capital at the essential level which buttressed ladies initiative in bangladesh.
ABSORPTION OF DISPOSITION IN ARCHAIC INDIAN CRAFT AND ITS COMMUNAL PURPOSE
Authors:   Department Of History, Lucknow University , India, Shukla Shailesh , Singh Abhimanyu ,   Department Of History, Patna University , India
Published: May 2021

This article attempts to clarify the perspective as contained in the old Indian craftsmanship where disposition and human life are so weaved with one another that they become the fundamental piece of the other and this comprehensiveness gets back the point that they are not totally unrelated as is considered in present day times. Old Indian craftsmanship represents this coordinated methodology and one may discover the absorption of disposition in each structure considered and portrayed in that.
INSTRUCTIVE STANDARDS AND THE ENGLISH ACCENT EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM IN HONG KONG INTERMEDIATE ACADEMY SINCE 1975
Authors:   Department Of Philological University Of Lampung , Indonesia, M. Dasani
Published: May 2021

English is a significant accent. In Hong Kong, a worldwide city situated on the southern shoreline of the People's Republic of China that, for more than 150 years to 1997, was a British settlement. This paper depicts and investigations changes in instructing strategies in the English accent. Educational program officially proposed for Hong Kong junior optional academy’s from 1975 to the current day, to concentrate how the educational program improvements reflect interrelated social, political, financial, and social components of the period and the philosophy in instructive circles that was pre-famous at that point.
ANALYSIS OF NATO STANDARDS PERTAINING TO THE CONFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF PIECES OF ARMAMENT AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF RESISTANCE TO CLIMATIC FACTORS
Authors: Lappo I. , Chervotoka О. , Herashchenko M.
Published: May 2021

The strategic course towards the integration of Ukraine into the European economic space provides for the introduction of appropriate quality standards in the production of domestic products, including military ones. The state leadership has declared the transition of the Ukrainian defense–industrial complex to the standards of the European Union and NATO until 2022. The introduction of these standards should ensure the compatibility of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the NATO countries armies. Since the development of high-precision armament and military equipment leads to the need to create a new generation of specialized systems for monitoring their characteristics and parameters during testing, the primary need is to improve the testing system, the normative base of which is the system of standards. As a result, first of all, the standards governing the preparation and testing of new and modernized armament and military equipment are subject to revision.

In order to intensify the work on the revision of standards, as well as to ensure regulatory support of the life cycle of armament and military equipment for a full transition to the use in production of international, European and NATO standards, amendments are being made to the national legislation of Ukraine. The purpose of this process is to create a mechanism for the implementation of NATO standards or their provisions in the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the main provisions in NATO standards for testing the impact of climatic factors in order to implement them in the system of testing pieces of armament and military equipment.

During the research general scientific methods of processing and systematization of information, in particular system analysis and synthesis of organizational and technical systems, were applied.

In connection with the abolition of the state military standards of the GOST B system, which established the values quality level and the composition, sequence, general requirements for testing equipment, instruments, devices for military purposes, there was an urgent need for regulatory support for the organization and testing of armament and military equipment. It was determined that one of the main directions of solving the problem of normative support for the organization and testing of armament and military equipment is the adoption of international military standards as the state ones.

The main provisions of the standards that ensure the organization and conducting of military equipment climatic tests were analysed, the structure and content of these standards were considered.
Pelatihan Strategi E-Commerce Bagi Pelaku Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah di Kecamatan Bubutan Kota Surabaya
Authors: Yani Prawita , Susila Muktar Redy , Nugroho Wawan Cahyo , Putri Rizfanni Cahya
Published: May 2021

Untuk memperkuat daya saing Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) diperlukan suatu strategi guna memperluas marketing dari penjualan produk. Salah satu jalur distribusi dari penjualan produk saat iniÂ  adalah e-commerce. Di era modern ini, penjualan produk bisa dijual melalui platform digital atau atau yang biasa dikenal dengan sebutan e-commerce. Kecamatan Bubutan merupakan salah satu kecamatan yang ada di Kota Surabaya yang terdiri dari banyak para pelaku usaha yang usianya terbilang sudah tidak muda lagi. Oleh karena itu pelatihan e-commerce dan strateginya mutlak diperlukan bagi pengembangan dan kelangsungan usaha. Para pelaku usaha di Kecamatan Bubutan telah dilatih dengan materi strategi e-commerce untuk menjalankan usahanya. Setelah dilakukan monitoring dan evaluasi, para pelaku UMKM memiliki bekal yang cukup baik dalam memperluas jalur distribusi pemasarannya melalui media digital sehingga bisa menjual secara global. Namun, untuk bisa mendapatkan manfaat yang lebih berkesinambungan, pelatihan sejenis dan dengan materi yang lebih mendalam serta durasi yang lebih lama perlu dilakukan.
Pemberdayaan UMKM Rosela Asri Kelurahan Pacar Kembang Kecamatan Tambaksari Kota Surabaya
Authors: Yonowati Tri , Mildawati Titik , Budi Riharjo Ikhsan , Khuzaini
Published: May 2021

Kelompok UMKM Kerajinan Tangan Rosela Asri yang berada di Kelurahan Pacar Kembang, Kecamatan Tambaksari Kota Surabaya merupakan salah satu UMKM dengan skala usaha mikro memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan. Kerajinan tangan yang diproduksi antara lain kreasi flannel dan katun, daur ulang, box hantaran, tas, dan dompet. Seperti pada umumnya usaha mikro, permasalahan yang dihadapi selama ini adalah pengelolaan keuangan usaha yang masih tercampur menjadi satu dengan keuangan keluarga dan pemasaran produk. Pengelolaan administrasi keuangan selama ini belum dapat dijalankan secara optimal sehingga berapa pendapatan yang diterima dan pengeluaran usaha belum dapat diidentifikasi dengan jelas. Peningkatkan penjualan produk dengan menggunakan teknologi akan menjadi solusi terbaik untuk membantu pemasaran produk yang dihasilkan UMKM Rosela Asri. Pemasaran melalui media sosial akan memudahkan UMKM untuk menyusun strategi pemasaran yang tepat dan didukung pengelolaan keuangan yang baik diharapkian dapat menjaga kelangsungan usaha saat ini pada masa pasca pandemi covid 19 dan new normal serta kedepannya. Berdasarkan permasalahan yang ada diperlukan pelatihan dan pendampingan tentang pembukuan sederhana dan strategi pemasaran yang baik. sehingga bermanfaat bagi peningkatan kesejahteraan hidup pengusaha mikro .
ҚАЗАҚСТАННЫҢ ОҢТҮСТІК ОБЛЫСТАРЫНДА ҚОЙДАҒЫ ЭХИНОКОККОЗ КЕЗІНДЕГІ ПАТОМОРФОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ ӨЗГЕРІСТЕРДІҢ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕР
Authors: Мауланов А , Усмангалиева C , Бредихина Е
Published: May 2021

Мақалада Қазақстанның Алматы облысындағы қойлардың эхинококкозы кезіндегіклиникалық көріністері мен патоморфологиялық өзгерістерімен ағзалар мен тіндерді зерттеунәтижелері ұсынылған. Эхинококктармен ішкі ағзалардың зақымдану қарқындылығыжануардың жасына қарай арта түсетіні анықталды. 2,5-3 жасқа дейінгі қойларда ішкімүшелерге әлсіз және орташа дәрежеде эхинококктар әсер етеді.
Роль университета в сохранении этнокультурной самобытности и предотвращении этнических и религиозных конфликтов
Authors: Pospelova A. I.
Published: May 2021

В статье рассматриваются актуальные вопросы образовательной этнокультурной политики как необходимого условия сохранения, воспроизводства и развития традиционной культуры как основы этнической самобытности. На основе эмпирических данных социологического исследования 2020 г. анализируются некоторые возможные варианты этноконфессиональных конфликтов в регионе. Обосновывается роль университета в предотвращении этнических и религиозных конфликтов, практике сохранения этнической самобытности, разрешения пассивных этнических конфликтов, а также в реализации российских и международных законов и решений по проблемам свободы совести и прав человека. Анализируются основные подходы в этнокультурном образовании. Целью исследования является уточнение роли, места, мотивации этнокультурного образования в комплексе университета. Методология настоящего исследования включает в себя сравнительный анализ представлений о самоидентичности, которые были выявлены в хоте социологического исследования, о роли этнического фактора и этнокультурных программ в деятельности университета Источниковая база исследования представлена двумя группами материалов. Первая — это личные архивы автора, составленные на основе включенного наблюдения мероприятий, проводимых в СВГУ, и копии документов и материалов по этнокультурному образованию региона. Вторая часть источников — научные статьи, публикации в СМИ. Выводы заключаются в том, что: 1. СВГУ является единственным высшим заведением, которое играет ключевую роль в этнообразовании полиэтнического региона. 2. Стратегические направления развития этнокультурного образовательного пространства региона направлены на реализацию двух взаимосвязанных целей: этническая идентификация и общекультурная национальная интеграция.
Важность взаимосвязи образовательного и научного процессов как для преподавателей, так и для студентов в высшей школе
Authors: Rudomyotova L. I.
Published: May 2021

В статье представлен анализ взаимосвязи образовательного и научного процессов для преподавателей и для студентов в высшей школе. Доказана важность и эффективность данных процессов как для преподавательского состава вуза, так и для студентов всех курсов. В докладе обозначены сложность и многоаспектность образовательного и научного процессов, описаны их влияние на профессиональную подготовку будущих специалистов. В работе анализируется внедрение дистанционного обучения в систему высшей школы как образовательного процесса и описан личный педагогический опыт применения такой формы обучения на примере работ на 1-м и 2-м курсах как очной, так и заочной формы обучения. Приведены примеры взаимосвязи образовательного и научного процессов на примере преподавания дисциплин «Иностранный язык» и «Профессиональный иностранный язык» в вузе.
Позиционирование университетов Крайнего Севера в меняющемся мире
Authors: Savvinov V. M.
Published: May 2021

Разнообразие природно-географических, социально-экономических, этнолингвистических, демографических и иных условий, неопределенность, динамичность и многомерность развития внешней среды обусловливают многообразие моделей развития образовательных организаций высшего образования. Среди них особое место занимают университеты, действующие на территории Крайнего Севера. В статье на примере Северо-Восточного федерального университета раскрываются институциональные изменения и изменения роли вуза в развитии макрорегиона, связанные с происходящими трансформационными процессами в мире. Представлены концептуальные основания, принципы и механизмы реализации программы развития университета. Миссия СВФУ — формирование нового поколения профессионалов, реализующих ценности и цели устойчивого развития Севера и Дальнего Востока, оказывающих влияние на решение глобальных проблем человечества. В работе показан имеющийся научно-педагогический, кадровый и организационный задел для реализации новой модели университета, раскрыты основные направления, ключевые принципы трансформациии университета с учетом идеологии устойчивого развития.
Влияние факторов окружающей среды на характер трансформации нефти в Амурском лимане
Authors: Stukova O. Yu
Published: May 2021

В статье рассматривается активность бактериобентоса по отношению к нефтяным углеводородам разного строения на различных участках Амурского лимана. Исследования трансформации нефтяной пленки проводили в модельных условиях, используя в качестве источника углерода сырую нефть. Влияние солености на скорость трансформации нефтяных углеводородов определяли в экспериментах с внесением соли NaCI (1%, 3%) в питательную среду для культивирования микробных комплексов. Анализируются факторы, влияющие на скорость трансформации нефтяной пленки в зоне смешения морских и пресных вод. В момент приливов и отливов, сопровождающихся сменой режима солености, качественный состав водорастворимых ароматических соединений будет существенно изменяться. Скорость биодеградации нефтяных углеводородов зависела от активности и адаптированности бактериобентоса к природным условиям среды обитания в присутствие различных токсикантов.
Международная деятельность Северо-Восточного государственного университета как элемент глобальной конкурентоспособности региона
Authors: Narbut E. V. , Korsun R. P.
Published: May 2021

В данной статье Северо-Восточный государственный университет рассматривается как один из регионообразующих факторов, который играет большую роль не только в стабилизации, но и в поступательном развитии региона. Исходя из этого, определяется его роль в повышении конкурентоспособности Магаданской области не только внутри страны, но и на международной арене. Авторами приводятся примеры положительной динамики в решении задач развития университета, что напрямую влияет на жизнедеятельность всего региона. При этом на основе анализа современного социально-экономического состояния Магаданской области, а также выявленных не только положительных, но и отрицательных факторов, влияющих на научную и исследовательскую среду, уточняются векторы развития университета на ближайшую перспективу. Реализация связанных с этим проектов направлена на укрепление сотрудничества с региональными властями и бизнес-сообществом, что может повысить совместную конкурентоспособность не только на региональном, но и на международном уровне.
Общество знания: туторинг, клип-мышление, net-образование и КСИ
Authors: Plebanek O. V.
Published: May 2021

В статье рассматриваются элементы модели образования, комплементарные информационной технологии и обществу риска. Доступность информации, ее возросший объем и неустойчивость и нагруженность рисками среды делают несостоятельной образовательную модель, формировавшуюся для обеспечения потребностей механистической индустриальной цивилизации. Информационная технология потребовала иной образовательной модели, элементы которой уже присутствуют в современном мире
RESEARCH ON POLICIES OF POWER BATTERIES RECYCLE IN CHINA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LIFE CYCLE
Authors: Wang Di
Published: May 2021

As fueled by the rapid advancement of novel energies-based vehicles in our nation since 2015, Chinese production and ownership of novel energies-based vehicles in China have been leaping forward. According to 4—8 years’ service life of power batteries, China ushered into the large-scale scrapping phase of power batteries in 2019, so the power batteries recycle system should be urgently constructed. Given the life cycle perspective, the characteristics of each stage of the power battery life cycle are analyzed in the present study. As revealed from the results, the upstream end of the power batteries recycle system in China is not yet perfect, the production capacity at the midstream end tends to be excess, and the downstream end is in the exploratory phase. Moreover, the present study analyzes the policies throughout the life cycle of power batteries, and it is reported that the recycling policies at the midstream processing end are relatively concentrated, the upstream and downstream policies are comparatively deficient, the top-level legal construction is lacked, the recycling network is not perfect, and the incentive and guidance policies for echelon exploitation enterprises require modification, and relevant policy suggestions are proposed.
Identifying Planetary Transit Candidates in TESS Full-frame Image Light Curves via Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Olmschenk Greg , Ishitani Silva Stela , Rau Gioia , Barry Richard K. , Kruse Ethan , Cacciapuoti Luca , Kostov Veselin , Powell Brian P. , Wyrwas Edward , Schnittman Jeremy D. , Barclay Thomas
Published: May 2021

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission measured light from stars in ∼75% of the sky throughout its 2 yr primary mission, resulting in millions of TESS 30-minute-cadence light curves to analyze in the search for transiting exoplanets. To search this vast data trove for transit signals, we aim to provide an approach that both is computationally efficient and produces highly performant predictions. This approach minimizes the required human search effort. We present a convolutional neural network, which we train to identify planetary transit signals and dismiss false positives. To make a prediction for a given light curve, our network requires no prior transit parameters identified using other methods. Our network performs inference on a TESS 30-minute-cadence light curve in ∼5 ms on a single GPU, enabling large-scale archival searches. We present 181 new planet candidates identified by our network, which pass subsequent human vetting designed to rule out false positives. Our neural network model is additionally provided as open-source code for public use and extension.
Calibration of the Hα Age–Activity Relation for M Dwarfs
Authors: Kiman Rocio , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Cruz Kelle L. , Gagné Jonathan , Angus Ruth , Schmidt Sarah J. , Mann Andrew W. , Bardalez Gagliuffi Daniella C. , Rice Emily
Published: May 2021

In this work, we calibrate the relationship between Hα emission and M dwarf ages. We compile a sample of 892 M dwarfs with Hα equivalent width (Hα EW) measurements from the literature that are either comoving with a white dwarf of known age (21 stars) or in a known young association (871 stars). In this sample we identify 7 M dwarfs that are new candidate members of known associations. By dividing the stars into active and inactive categories according to their Hα EW and spectral type (SpT), we find that the fraction of active dwarfs decreases with increasing age, and the form of the decline depends on SpT. Using the compiled sample of age calibrators, we find that Hα EW and fractional Hα luminosity (L
Hα
/L
bol) decrease with increasing age. Hα EW for SpT ≤ M7 decreases gradually up until ∼1 Gyr. For older ages, we found only two early M dwarfs that are both inactive and seem to continue the gradual decrease. We also found 14 mid-type M dwarfs, out of which 11 are inactive and present a significant decrease in Hα EW, suggesting that the magnetic activity decreases rapidly after ∼1 Gyr. We fit L
Hα
/L
bol versus age with a broken power law and find an index of

for ages ≲776 Myr. The index becomes much steeper at older ages, but a lack of field age-calibrators (≫1 Gyr) leaves this part of the relation far less constrained. Finally, from repeated independent measurements for the same stars, we find that 94% of them have a level of Hα EW variability ≤5 Å at young ages (<1 Gyr).
Reconstructing the Extreme Ultraviolet Emission of Cool Dwarfs Using Differential Emission Measure Polynomials
Authors: Duvvuri Girish M. , Sebastian Pineda J. , Berta-Thompson Zachory K. , Brown Alexander , France Kevin , Kowalski Adam F. , Redfield Seth , Tilipman Dennis , Vieytes Mariela C. , Wilson David J. , Youngblood Allison , Froning Cynthia S. , Linsky Jeffrey , Parke Loyd R. O. , Mauas Pablo , Miguel Yamila , Newton Elisabeth R. , Rugheimer Sarah , Christian Schneider P.
Published: May 2021

Characterizing the atmospheres of planets orbiting M dwarfs requires understanding the spectral energy distributions of M dwarfs over planetary lifetimes. Surveys like MUSCLES, HAZMAT, and FUMES have collected multiwavelength spectra across the spectral type’s range of T
eff and activity, but the extreme ultraviolet (EUV, 100–912 Å) flux of most of these stars remains unobserved because of obscuration by the interstellar medium compounded with limited detector sensitivity. While targets with observable EUV flux exist, there is no currently operational facility observing between 150 and 912 Å. Inferring the spectra of exoplanet hosts in this regime is critical to studying the evolution of planetary atmospheres because the EUV heats the top of the thermosphere and drives atmospheric escape. This paper presents our implementation of the differential emission measure technique to reconstruct the EUV spectra of cool dwarfs. We characterize our method’s accuracy and precision by applying it to the Sun and AU Mic. We then apply it to three fainter M dwarfs: GJ 832, Barnard’s star, and TRAPPIST-1. We demonstrate that with the strongest far-ultraviolet (FUV, 912–1700 Å) emission lines, observed with the Hubble Space Telescope and/or Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer, and a coarse X-ray spectrum from either the Chandra X-ray Observatory or XMM-Newton, we can reconstruct the Sun’s EUV spectrum to within a factor of 1.8, with our model’s formal uncertainties encompassing the data. We report the integrated EUV flux of our M dwarf sample with uncertainties of a factor of 2–7 depending on available data quality.
Revisiting Attenuation Curves: The Case of NGC 3351*
Authors: Calzetti Daniela , Battisti Andrew J. , Shivaei Irene , Messa Matteo , Cignoni Michele , Adamo Angela , Dale Daniel A. , Gallagher John S. , Grasha Kathryn , Grebel Eva K. , Kennicutt Robert C. , Linden Sean T. , Östlin Göran , Sabbi Elena , Smith Linda J. , Tosi Monica , Wofford Aida
Published: May 2021

Multiwavelength images from the far-UV (∼0.15 μm) to the submillimeter of the central region of the galaxy NGC 3351 are analyzed to constrain its stellar populations and dust attenuation. Despite hosting a ∼1 kpc circumnuclear starburst ring, NGC 3351 deviates from the IRX–β relation, the relation between the infrared-to-UV luminosity ratio and the UV continuum slope β that other starburst galaxies follow. To understand the reason for the deviation, we leverage the high angular resolution of archival near-UV-to-near-IR Hubble Space Telescope images to divide the ring into ∼60–180 pc size regions and model each individually. We find that the UV slope of the combined intrinsic (dust-free) stellar populations in the central region is redder than what is expected for a young model population. This is due to the region’s complex star formation history, which boosts the near-UV emission relative to the far-UV. The resulting net attenuation curve has a UV slope that lies between those of the starburst attenuation curve (Calzetti et al. 2000) and the Small Magellanic Cloud extinction curve; the total-to-selective attenuation value,

R
′

(V) = 4.93, is larger than both. As found for other star-forming galaxies, the stellar continuum of NGC 3351 is less attenuated than the ionized gas, with E(B − V)star = 0.40 E(B − V)gas. The combination of the “red” intrinsic stellar population and the new attenuation curve fully accounts for the location of the central region of NGC 3351 on the IRX–β diagram. Thus, the observed characteristics result from the complex mixture of stellar populations and dust column densities in the circumnuclear region. Despite being a sample of one, these findings highlight the difficulty of defining attenuation curves of general applicability outside the regime of centrally concentrated starbursts.
The Mass and Age Distribution of Halo White Dwarfs in the Canada–France Imaging Survey
Authors: Fantin Nicholas J. , Côté Patrick , McConnachie Alan W. , Bergeron Pierre , Cuillandre Jean-Charles , Dufour Patrick , Gwyn Stephen D. J. , Ibata Rodrigo A. , Thomas Guillaume F.
Published: May 2021

We present optical spectroscopy for 18 halo white dwarfs identified using photometry from the Canada–France Imaging Survey and Pan-STARRS1 DR1 3π survey combined with astrometry from Gaia DR2. The sample contains 13 DA, 1 DZ, 2 DC, and 2 potentially exotic types of white dwarf. We fit both the spectrum and the spectral energy distribution in order to obtain the temperature and surface gravity, which we then convert into mass and then age using stellar isochrones and the initial-to-final mass relation. We find a large spread in ages that is not consistent with expected formation scenarios for the Galactic halo. We find a mean age of

9.03

−
2.03

+
2.13

Gyr and a dispersion of

4.21

−
1.58

+
2.33

Gyr for the inner halo using a maximum-likelihood method. This result suggests an extended star formation history within the local halo population.
Magnetic Fields in Massive Star-forming Regions (MagMaR). I. Linear Polarized Imaging of the Ultracompact H ii Region G5.89–0.39
Authors: Fernández-López M. , Sanhueza P. , Zapata L. A. , Stephens I. , Hull C. , Zhang Q. , Girart J. M. , Koch P. M. , Cortés P. , Silva A. , Tatematsu K. , Nakamura F. , Guzmán A. E. , Nguyen Luong Q. , Guzmán Ccolque E. , Tang Y.-W. , Chen H.-R. V.
Published: May 2021

We report 1.2 mm polarized continuum emission observations carried out with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array toward the high-mass star formation region G5.89–0.39. The observations show a prominent 0.2 pc north–south filamentary structure. The ultracompact H ii region in G5.89–0.39 breaks the filament into two pieces. Its millimeter emission shows a dusty belt with a mass of 55–115 M
⊙ and 4500 au in radius, surrounding an inner part comprising mostly ionized gas, with dust emission only accounting for about 30% of the total millimeter emission. We also found a lattice of convex arches that may be produced by dragged dust and gas from the explosive dispersal event involving the O5 Feldt’s star. The north–south filament has a mass between 300 and 600 M
⊙ and harbors a cluster of about 20 mm envelopes with a median size and mass of 1700 au and 1.5 M
⊙, respectively, some of which are already forming protostars. We interpret the polarized emission in the filament as mainly coming from magnetically aligned dust grains. The polarization fraction is ∼4.4% in the filaments and 2.1% at the shell. The magnetic fields are along the North Filament and perpendicular to the South Filament. In the Central Shell, the magnetic fields are roughly radial in a ring surrounding the dusty belt between 4500 and 7500 au, similar to the pattern recently found in the surroundings of Orion BN/KL. This may be an independent observational signpost of explosive dispersal outflows and should be further investigated in other regions.
The Reconstruction of Dark Energy with the Ridge Regression Approach
Authors: Huang Long , Yang Xiaofeng , Liu Xiang
Published: May 2021

Whether or not dark energy evolves with time may be determined by the nonparametric method. In order to avoid instability of the derivative for the functional data, we linearize the luminosity-distance integral formula in near-flat space by adopting Lagrange interpolation for the numerical integral, and proposing a method of combining principal component analysis (PCA) and biased estimation on the basis of ridge regression analysis to reconstruct the regression parameters. We also present a principal component selection criterion to better distinguish between ΛCDM and w(z) ≠ −1 models by reconstruction. We define the type I error as the situation where w
true = −1 but w
recon ≠ −1, and the type II error as the situation where w
true ≠ −1 but w
recon = −1; we use the various w(z) functions to test the method. The preliminary test results demonstrate that the PCA-biased method can be used to determine the most probable behavior of w(z). Finally, we apply this method to recent supernova measurements, reconstructing the continuous history of w(z) out to redshift z = 1.5.
Chemical Tagging N-rich Field Stars with High-resolution Spectroscopy
Authors: Yu Jincheng , Tang Baitian , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Geisler Douglas , Yan Hongliang , Soto M.
Published: May 2021

We measure chemical abundances for over 20 elements of 15 N-rich field stars with high-resolution (R ∼ 30,000) optical spectra. We find that Na, Mg, Al, Si, and Ca abundances of our N-rich field stars are mostly consistent with those of stars from globular clusters (GCs). Seven stars are estimated to have [Al/Fe ] > 0.5, which is not found in most GC “first generation” stars. On the other hand, α element abundances (especially Ti) could show distinguishable differences between in situ stars and accreted stars. We discover that one interesting star, with consistently low [Mg/Fe], [Si/Fe], [Ca/Fe], [Ti/Fe], [Sc/Fe], [V/Fe], and [Co/Fe], show similar kinematics and [Ba/Eu] as other stars from the dissolved dwarf galaxy “Gaia–Sausage–Enceladus.” The α-element abundances and the iron-peak element abundances of the N-rich field stars with metallicities − 1.25 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ − 0.95 show consistent values with Milky Way field stars (we refer to Milky Way field stars as Milky Way halo field stars unless otherwise specified in this paper) rather than stars from dwarf galaxies, indicating that they were formed in situ. In addition, the neutron-capture elements of N-rich field stars show that most of them could be enriched by asymptotic giant branch stars with masses around 3–5 M
⊙.
Rejection rate and reasons for rejection after peer review: a case study of a Russian economics journal
Authors: Balyakina Evgueniya A , Kriventsova Ludmila A
Published: May 2021

 Background:  Peer review remains the only way of filtering and improving research. However, there are few studies of peer review based on the contents of review reports, because access to these reports is limited.

Objectives: To measure the rejection rate and to investigate the reasons for rejection after peer-review in a specialized scientific journal.

 Methods:  We considered the manuscripts submitted to a Russian journal, namely ‘Economy of Region’ (Rus Экономика региона), from 2016 to 2018, and analysed the double-blind review reports related to rejected submissions in qualitative and quantitative terms including descriptive statistics.

Results: Of the 1653 submissions from 2016 to 2018, 324 (20%) were published, giving an average rejection rate of 80%. Content analysis of reviewer reports showed five categories of shortcomings in the manuscripts: breaches of publication ethics, mismatch with the journal’s research area, weak research reporting (a major group, which accounted for 66%of the total); lack of novelty, and design errors. We identified two major problems in the peer-review process that require editorial correction: in 36% of the cases, the authors did not send the revised version of the manuscript to the journal after receiving editorial comments and in 30% of the cases, the reviewers made contradictory recommendations.

Conclusions: To obtain a more balanced evaluation from experts and to avoid paper losses the editorial team should revise the journal’s instructions to authors, its guide to reviewers, and the form of the reviewer’s report by indicating the weightings assigned to the different criteria and by describing in detail the criteria for a good paper.
L’archipel des temps de la formation
Authors: Boutet Marc , Dasharnais Andrée , Royer Séréna
Published: May 2021

La reconnaissance de l’importance d’une formation par alternance et l’effort d’établir des liens entre cours et stages se traduit toujours par des choix d’organisation temporelle au sein des dispositifs de formation à l’enseignement. Que ce soit à l’occasion de l’élaboration des activités sur le terrain en formation pratique initiale, de la mise en place de modalités de mentorat au moment de l’insertion professionnelle ou de l’établissement d’une programmation de formation continue pour les enseignants en exercice, ces décisions sont souvent balisées par des contraintes d’ordres administratif, financier ou partenarial.
L’archipel des temps de la formation
Authors: Grave Bruno
Published: May 2021

Le travail en « binôme enseignant » est une pratique fréquente en enseignement : binôme tuteur/stagiaire, enseignant/enseignant spécialisé, enseignant/professeur documentaliste… Il concrétise une forme de « travail partagé » s’inscrivant dans une dimension collective de la professionnalité enseignante. Notre étude s’intéresse au travail en binôme enseignant professeur des écoles stagiaire/professeur des écoles (1 er  degré de l’enseignement scolaire en France), le second complétant le temps de service du premier, dans une même classe d’affectation, durant son « année de stage » (cinquième année post-bac dans un cursus de master 2). Nous cherchons à comprendre en quoi et comment se construit, se vit et s’opérationnalise l’expérience de travail partagé dans ce type de binômes enseignants, notamment pour le professeur des écoles débutants ? Qu’est-ce qui le favorise ou l’empêche ? Qu’en disent les acteurs ? D’après eux, quels rythmes et quelles temporalités en régissent la mise en œuvre ? L’enquête rapportée concerne deux promotions de professeurs-stagiaires et analyse ces effets à partir d’entretiens compréhensifs.
L’enseignement universitaire en milieu carcéral
Authors: Bessin Marc
Published: May 2021

Loin d’une logique de réussite, souvent brandie pour présenter les étudiants détenus, l’offre universitaire en prison s’inscrit dans un ensemble d’interventions sociales, sanitaires, culturelles et éducatives qui répondent à des besoins divers. Ces actions qui relèvent du care sont ici analysées en termes de présences sociales pour insister sur les enjeux temporels et sexués de ces processus ambivalents qui sont à l’œuvre dans toute intervention pour autrui, et notamment les ambivalences temporelles liées aux présences recluses. Pour présenter les tensions qui traversent les activités d’accompagnement des détenus, entre la protection et le contrôle, abordées dans une perspective temporelle, l’article se déploie en trois parties. L’auteur présente d’abord rapidement ses rapports à l’univers carcéral, à partir de ses propres recherches sur le service militaire et les soins en prison, et de celles qu’il a accompagnées portant sur l’institution pénitentiaire ou sur les dynamiques d’enfermement. Il expose ensuite le concept de présences sociales pour avancer l’idée que toute activité d’aide ou d’accompagnement s’inscrit dans une tension morale entre « surveiller » et « veiller sur », entre soutenir ou punir, entre protéger et contrôler. Il soutient enfin l’idée selon laquelle cette ambivalence devrait inciter à s’écarter de toute justification en termes de réussite ou d’efficacité pour défendre le droit aux études en prison.
L’enseignement universitaire en milieu carcéral
Authors: Borghini Andrea
Published: May 2021

La contribution illustre l’expérience de dix ans du centre pénitentiaire régional de Toscane. Née en 2010, avec un accord entre les universités toscanes, l’administration pénitentiaire régionale et l’administration régionale de Toscane, elle a progressivement acquis une centralité reconnue non seulement au niveau régional mais aussi au niveau national - en adhérant au CNUPP, la Conférence université nationale des prisons - et s’accréditer comme un outil fondamental pour garantir le droit d’étudier aux détenus. A travers la présentation des données des adhérents - en constante croissance -, des activités en cours et à venir, - du magazine régional du Pôle, des séminaires interdisciplinaires -, la contribution analyse également le sens que le Pôle a, tant pour les détenus que pour l’université, en mettant en avant le double défi auquel elle doit faire face : d’une part, rapprocher le monde universitaire de celui des exclus, d’autre part ouvrir la prison sur l’extérieur, permettre à certaines personnes, par l’étude, de se préparer au retour vers la société, et de passer du temps en prison d’une manière différente et de se percevoir non plus comme un objet mais comme un porteur de droits et de dignité.
L’enseignement universitaire en milieu carcéral
Authors: Negre Lionel
Published: May 2021

De nouveaux textes ont été rédigés en 2019/2020 pour éclaircir missions et objectifs de l’enseignement en milieu pénitentiaire. Pour répondre au plus près aux besoins d’un public de plus en plus hétérogène, les Unités Locales d’Enseignement développent aujourd’hui une offre de formation variée et riche. L’enseignement pénitentiaire est singulier à bien des titres. Il s’adresse à un public très hétérogène en termes de langues, de niveaux et d’âges. Les élèves y sont soit sous obligation scolaire (de 13 à 18 ans en EPM ou en QM) soit sur la base du volontariat (pour les majeurs). Certains sont très éloignés du système scolaire et depuis très longtemps, d’autres ont un parcours scolaire sans faute et une appétence scolaire importante. Les enseignants doivent donc individualiser au maximum et offrir des parcours pédagogiques singuliers à chaque détenu. La posture d’enseignant dans ce milieu pénitentiaire mérite elle aussi d’être interrogée car il faut faire preuve d’une extrême polyvalence et d’une extraordinaire adaptabilité. Le recrutement des enseignants est parfois difficile : il est nécessaire de valoriser et reconnaître davantage l’enseignement en milieu pénitentiaire afin qu’il reste attractif pour les enseignants.
Leurre et malheurs du quota genre au Burkina Faso. Une analyse à partir des élections législatives de novembre 2015
Authors: Rouamba Lydia , Soré Zakaria
Published: May 2021

Pendant longtemps, les femmes ont été sous-représentées dans les sphères de décision au Burkina Faso. Pour inverser cette situation perçue comme une injustice sociale, plusieurs démarches ont été entreprises et plusieurs stratégies mises en œuvre par les gouvernements successifs, en collaboration avec les structures de défense des droits des femmes. Cette dynamique a abouti, en 2009, à l’adoption de la Loi N° 010-2009/AN portant fixation de quotas aux élections législatives et municipales au Burkina Faso. Cette loi qui fait obligation aux partis et formations politiques d’avoir au moins 30 % de femmes sur leurs listes visait à assurer la présence des femmes dans les instances électives. Après plus de deux mandats d’application, elle peine toujours à atteindre ses objectifs. Quels sont les contextes politiques et sociaux qui rendent l’application de cette loi difficile ? Comment les partis politiques rusent-ils avec cette loi ?
Outcomes of Bilateral Congenital and Developmental Cataracts Following IOL Implantation in Preschool Children
Authors: Xiao Wei , Song Zixun , Wang Mingyue
Published: May 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate the different ocular outcomes and the potential factors affecting visual acuity in bilateral congenital cataracts and developmental cataracts after intraocular lens implantation in preschool children.

Methods:

In a retrospective study, 86 eyes (51 congenital and 35 developmental cataract cases) of 43 children aged 6 years and younger who were diagnosed as having bilateral cataracts and underwent cataract aspiration combined with primary or secondary foldable intraocular lens implantation between 2003 and 2018 were reviewed. A minimum of 1 year of follow-up was required. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the factors associated with visual results were explored.

Results:

The postoperative BCVA in the developmental cataract group (0.20 ± 0.19 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) was significantly better than that in the congenital cataract group (0.57 ± 0.31 logMAR) (
P
< .001). The mean refractive error was 3.61 ± 3.03 diopters in the congenital cataract group and 2.15 ± 1.82 diopters in the developmental cataract group. All cases of strabismus and nystagmus were found in the congenital cataract group. In the congenital cataract group, the variables age at cataract extraction and refractive error were significantly associated with BCVA (
P
< .001,
P
= .001, respectively). These variables had little effect on the developmental cataract group (
P
= .971,
P
= .576, respectively). Postoperative complications were recorded in 18 eyes: 4 in the developmental cataract group and 14 in the congenital cataract group.

Conclusions:

The BCVA in the developmental cataract group was significantly better than that in the congenital cataract group. The therapeutic effects of patients with congenital cataracts and developmental cataracts should be evaluated separately.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(3):180–187.]
Clinical Utility of Electroretinograms for Evaluating Vigabatrin Toxicity in Children
Authors: Strong Anne D. , Sturdy Ashley , McCourt Emily A. , Braverman Rebecca S. , Singh Jasleen K. , Enzenauer Robert W. , Jung Jennifer L.
Published: May 2021

Purpose:

To determine changes in the clinical treatment of pediatric patients taking vigabatrin for seizure control in response to results of electroretinogram (ERG) performed for retinal toxicity screening.

Methods:

The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who received ERGs at Children's Hospital of Colorado from 2009 to 2012. Age, indication for ERG, ERG data, and clinical management of vigabatrin were extracted from the records. ERGs were interpreted according to LKC Technologies normative values. A physician trained in ERG analysis interpreted each ERG.

Results:

One hundred seventy ERGs were performed during the study period, and 147 ERGs were available for analysis. Every patient received general anesthesia for the procedure. Thirty-three ERGs were performed in 29 patients specifically as screening for retinal toxicity due to vigabatrin use, and 30 were available for analysis. Within this cohort, only 2 ERGs were normal (6.6%), and 28 were abnormal (93.3%). In patients who received abnormal results, 1 patient discontinued vigabatrin in response to the screening.

Conclusions:

In this study cohort, clinical management generally did not change in response to an abnormal screening result. Given the need for general anesthesia in the pediatric population receiving ERG testing, and minimal change in clinical decision-making in the face of abnormal results, ERG screening for retinal toxicity due to vigabatrin in the pediatric cohort should be reconsidered.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(3):174–179.]