bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The practices of general and subspecialty internists in counseling about smoking and exercise.
Authors: Wells K B , Lewis C E , Leake B , Schleiter M K , Brook R H
Published: November 2008

We compared the practices of subspecialists and general internists in counseling about smoking and exercise, using data from a study of recent graduates of United States training programs in internal medicine. Information on the characteristics of physicians and their clinical practices was obtained from self-report questionnaires. The internists most likely to counsel smokers regardless of the presence or absence of diseases associated with smoking are cardiologists, pulmonary specialists, nephrologists, and generalists trained in a primary care residency funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation or Health Resources Administration. Most internists practice tertiary prevention by counseling a high percentage of smokers with heart or lung disease. Rheumatologists counsel a higher percentage of all patients with poor exercise habits but a lower percentage of such patients with heart disease than do other internists. The differences in counseling related to training are not explained by different levels of involvement as a primary care physician. Rather, these differences appear to reflect training and subspecialty-specific priorities for counseling.
The place of child-spacing as a factor in infant mortality: a recursive model.
Authors: Park C B
Published: November 2008

This study investigates the role of a preceding birth interval in infant mortality by considering a causal ordering of seven variables. Data are from the 1974 World Fertility Survey for Korea and cover the survival of 6,161 index children. A two-stage logit model was used. The analysis suggests that infant mortality is directly influenced by the preceding birth interval which, in turn, is influenced by five other explanatory variables: maternal age, birth order, immediately preceding infant's death, education of mother, and place of residence. Maternal age and prior infant death also exert direct effects on mortality. In terms of relative risk, prior infant death has the strongest effect of all the explanatory variables. A longer birth interval increases the odds of an infant's survival by 25 per cent, whereas the death of a preceding child decreases the odds by 45 per cent. However, infant deaths in Korea occur infrequently in comparison with short birth intervals. Thus, the two factors present comparable attributable risks in unadjusted measurements. The first-stage causal structure affecting a birth interval is more complicated than the second-stage structure affecting infant mortality.
An analysis of the costs of ambulatory and inpatient care.
Authors: Ancona-Berk V A , Chalmers T C
Published: November 2008

Savings resulting from the substitution of ambulatory for inpatient care have been widely reported. This study examined the hypothesis that these savings may result from a reduction of services provided to the ambulatory patient and/or from an incomplete evaluation of these services, when the market value of relatives' support services is not included. Cataract extraction was chosen as an example. Sixty-two medical records of patients admitted to Mount Sinai for cataract extraction in the first six months of 1980 were reviewed, and the cost of their stay was estimated. This cost was then compared to five simulations of home care costs. The simulations differed among themselves primarily as to the experience and training of the person providing nursing services--from an RN to an untrained relative. The quantity and type of service provided to inpatients were assumed to be provided to ambulatory patients in all five simulations. The results of the comparison of hospital costs to home costs were that, in the case of post-cataract extraction, home care is less costly than hospital care either if fewer services are provided to home patients or if the cost of some services assumed by relatives is not calculated.
THE OUTDOOR POOL
Authors: Craster Charles V.
Published: November 2008

That almost any bit of water will serve for a wading pool seems to be the idea in practice. Dr. Craster has tested such pools and finds that they need to be as well constructed as bathing pools and as well cared for. Chlorination is necessary when they can not otherwise be controlled.
VENEREAL DISEASE CONTROL IN CIVILIAN COMMUNITIES
Authors: Pierce C. C.
Published: November 2008

In the serious effort that is under way against venereal disease, in which the eyes of the people have been opened and their sympathy enlisted, there are many phases. This author presents a connected statement of the great broad work, its crying needs and the steps that have been taken to meet the need.
THE CHILDREN'S YEAR CAMPAIGN
Authors: Rude Anna E.
Published: November 2008

Miss Rude presents a ringing appeal for standardization and co-operation in child saving. She demonstrates that this work is fundamental in any well-conceived public health planning. She has a story of accomplishments which is backed by facts and figures.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE AVIAN PARATYPHOID BACILLI
Authors: Mulsow F. W.
Published: November 2008

This investigator presents a detailed discussion of certain types of avian bacteria, which will be of interest to specialists. He notes some reactions not observed before and the agglutinative relations.
NATURE OF THE TOXIC AGENT IN “MEAT POISONING”
Authors: Greenwald Isidor
Published: November 2008

This is only a report of progress, negative in parts, in a very elusive matter. Ptomaines are not responsible; microörganisms only partly so. Further investigation is suggested along the lines of a search for possible heat-labile toxins.
THE SCOPE OF A FEDERAL DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Authors: Bryce Peter H.
Published: November 2008

What an up-to-date Federal Health Department should undertake to do, is set down by Dr. Bryce in eight direct statements. Among the functions are; to direct legislation, collect information, educate the public, stimulate baby hygiene, establish nursing systems, look after immigrant inspection, and equip health research laboratories.
SCHOOLS AND SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Hallin Oscar W.
Published: November 2008

Here is the opinion of a teacher. He attacks the problems of school hygiene from the practical viewpoint of a layman who is a daily worker in the schoolroom itself. He expresses some very radical opinions, but he gets at them honestly and through his own experience.
Tragedy, Surrogation and the Significance of African-American Culture in Postunification Germany: An Interpretation of 'Schultze Gets the Blues'
Authors: Pirro Robert
Published: November 2008

In the aftermath of unification, the loss of job security and other forms of social support under East Germany's comprehensive (if increasingly inefficient and corrupt) system of welfare state paternalism, coupled with a newfound dependence on West German financial largesse, not only disoriented former East Germans, but also led to pressures on them to repress their past experiences of solidarity and distinctiveness. Schultze Gets the Blues, the critically acclaimed box office hit from director Michael Schorr, relates the story of a retired mineworker and accordionist for a town band in the economic backwaters of eastern Germany who undergoes a lifechanging conversion to the Cajun folk music of Zydeco. Drawing from Joseph Roach's notion of surrogation and Cornel West's articulation of an African-American tragic sensibility, this article casts Schultze in the role of a postunification mediating figure reconciling East German solidarity and localism with West German individualism and multiculturalism.
Waldbesitzertypisierungen und ihre Relevanz für die Holzmobilisierung | Classifications of forest owners and their relevance for timber mobilization
Authors: Schaffner Stefan
Published: November 2008

Forestry science and practice are trying to reduce the diversity of private forest owners to a small number of descriptions of characteristics and comportments by creating categories of forest owners using a system based on combinations of these various characteristics. A comparison between various middle-European forest owner categories makes it clear that for the majority two main processes form the basis. The change in agrarian structures and the associated change from a tradition of owner management to a service industry alter the conditions which were previously valid for this division into categories. Analyses which explain the mechanisms behind observed effects in the newly developing service industry market and in its potential performance will gain in importance for forestry practice in the future.
Application of a continuum-mechanical model for the flow of anisotropic polar ice to the EDML core, Antarctica
Authors: Seddik Hakime , Greve Ralf , Placidi Luca , Hamann Ilka , Gagliardini Olivier
Published: November 2008

We present an application of the newly developed CAFFE model (Continuum-mechanical, Anisotropic Flow model based on an anisotropic Flow Enhancement factor) to the EPICA ice core at Kohnen Station, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica (referred to as the EDML core). A one-dimensional flow model for the site is devised, which includes the anisotropic flow law and the fabric evolution equation of the CAFFE model. Three different solution methods are employed: (1) computing the ice flow based on the flow law of the CAFFE model and the measured fabrics; (2) solving the CAFFE fabric evolution equation under the simplifying assumption of transverse isotropy; and (3) solving the unrestricted CAFFE fabric evolution equation. Method (1) demonstrates clearly the importance of the anisotropic fabric in the ice column for the flow velocity. The anisotropic enhancement factor produced with method (2) agrees reasonably well with that of method (1), even though the measured fabric shows a girdle structure (which breaks the transverse isotropy) in large parts of the ice core. For method (3), we find that the measured fabric is reproduced well by the model down to ∼2100 m depth. Systematic deviations at greater depths are attributed to the disregard of migration recrystallization in the model.
Antifeedant Activity Evaluation of Withanolides from Jaborosa integrifolia
Authors: Vaccarini Clarisa E. , Bonetto Gloria M.
Published: November 2008

Antifeedant activity of the 4-deoxi-27-hydroxi-withanolides (1, 2 y 3) isolated from Jaborosa integrifolia (Solanaceae) was investigated in caterpillar Spodoptera littoralis on Leaf Disk Choice Bioassay. Results indicate that the best feed inhibition effect is due to Jaborosalactone A.
Phytochemical Study of Condalia microphylla Cav.
Authors: Frontera M. A. , Tomás M. A. , Diez A. , Watson C. , Mulet C.
Published: November 2008

From the petroleum ether extract of the aereal part of Condalia microphylla Cav, hydrocarbons, sterols, alcohols, and fatty acids were isolated. From fruits of the same plant anthocyanins were also isolated and characterized by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods.
Broadband source model of the 2021 MW 7.1 Fukushima‐ken Oki earthquake in Japan based on seafloor and onshore strong‐motion records
Authors: Satoh Toshimi
Published: April 2024

The 2021 MW 7.1 Fukushima‐ken Oki earthquake was the largest down‐dip compressional intraslab earthquake since August 2016, which is when S‐net records from the seafloor started to be provided. In this study, the empirical Green's function method was used with strong‐motion records from S‐net on the seafloor and KiK‐net onshore to estimate the broadband (0.2–10 Hz) source model of this earthquake. Three strong‐motion generation areas (SMGAs) with very high stress drops were estimated around the edge of the fault. One SMGA with a stress drop of 125 MPa was located in the oceanic crust in the shallow part of the Pacific Plate. The other two SMGAs with stress drops of 313 and 188 MPa were located in the deep part where previous source models without S‐net estimated a small slip. The two deep SMGAs increased the contribution of S‐net to more than that of KiK‐net. The short‐period spectral level was as high as that of the 2011 MW 7.1 Miyagi‐ken Oki earthquake, which was also a down‐dip compressional intraslab earthquake. The estimated broadband source model simulated the horizontal and vertical motions well at stations within 200 km of the hypocenter, except for surface waves at a few S‐net stations.
Space Durable 3D Printed High‐Performance Polymers Based on Cyanate Ester/Extended‐Bismaleimide
Authors: Grossman Eitan , Atar Nurit , Bolker Asaf , Riggs Brian E. , Minton Timothy K. , Gouzman Irina , Vidavsky Yuval
Published: April 2024

To accomplish the potential of the New‐Space emerging era and facilitate scientific and commercial space exploration, the development of versatile, customized, and affordable space technologies is essential. 3D printing is established as a disruptive technology, enabling the production of complex and lightweight structures with enhanced performance. However, the harsh conditions of the space environment, including atomic oxygen (AO), extreme temperatures, and ionizing radiation, pose significant challenges to the durability and longevity of additive manufacturing‐produced polymers. Until now, there are no additive‐manufacturing polymeric materials that are specifically developed and qualified to withstand space hazards. To address these challenges, novel materials for additive manufacturing, composed of cyanate ester and extended‐bismaleimide are engineered to withstand the extreme conditions in space. The developed materials demonstrate superior thermo‐mechanical properties (flexural stress of 72 MPa and Tg = 260 °C), enhanced durability to AO erosion, ionizing radiation (10 years in orbit), and thermal stability (Td5% = 360 °C). Moreover, it is found that printing orientation governs the AO erosion, thus guiding optimal printing designs for enhanced durability to AO. The materials show improved performance, endurance, and reliability, thus contributing to the development of space‐qualified components and enabling the advancement of additive manufacturing for future space missions.
Anchored Cobalt Nanoparticles on Layered Perovskites for Rapid Peroxymonosulfate Activation in Antibiotic Degradation
Authors: Wang Yaobin , Li Dong , Ge Xinlei , Yu Jianghua , Zhao Yunxia , Bu Yunfei
Published: April 2024

In the Fenton‐like reaction, revealing the dynamic evolution of the active sites is crucial to achieve the activity improvement and stability of the catalyst. This study reports a perovskite oxide in which atomic (Co0) in situ embedded exsolution occurs during the high‐temperature phase transition. This unique anchoring strategy significantly improves the Co3+/Co2+ cycling efficiency at the interface and inhibits metal leaching during peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The Co@L‐PBMC catalyst exhibits superior PMS activation ability and could achieve 99% degradation of tetracycline within 5 min. The combination of experimental characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidates that the electron‐deficient oxygen vacancy accepts an electron from the Co 3d‐orbital, resulting in a significant electron delocalization of the Co site, thereby facilitating the adsorption of the *HSO5/*OH intermediate onto the “metal‐VO bridge” structure. This work provides insights into the PMS activation mechanism at the atomic level, which will guide the rational design of next‐generation catalysts for environmental remediation.
Rhein‐based Pickering emulsion for hepatocellular carcinoma: Shaping the metabolic signaling and immunoactivation in transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: Liang Xiaoliu , Liu Hui , Chen Hu , Peng Xuqi , Li Zhenjie , Teng Minglei , Peng Yisheng , Li Jiwei , Ding Linyu , Mao Jingsong , Chu Chengchao , Cheng Hongwei , Liu Gang
Published: April 2024

The efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been limited by insufficient embolization and a high incidence of tumor recurrence. Herein, we identified that aberrant metabolic reprogramming and immunosuppression contribute to TACE refractoriness and Rhein, as a potential glycolytic metabolism inhibitor and immunoactivation inducer, was optimized to sensitize tumors to TACE therapy. To achieve efficient embolization, we developed an oil‐in‐water lipiodol embolic emulsion by stabilizing the self‐assembled Rhein nanogel. The assembled Rhein exhibited a nanofiber network, and its integration enhanced the mechanical stability and viscoelasticity of the lipiodol embolic agent. With the synergistic advantages of solid and liquid embolic agents, this carrier‐free Pickering emulsion exhibits efficient embolization and sustained drug release in models of unilateral renal artery embolization, rabbit ear tumor embolization, rabbit orthotopic liver cancer, and rat orthotopic liver cancer. Compared to conventional three‐way catheter mixing methods, multimodal imaging corroborates a marked enhancement in local drug retention and tumor suppression. Importantly, the incorporation of Rhein‐mediated synergistic immunoembolization in this strategy achieved efficient embolization while robustly activating anti‐tumor immune responses, including inducing immunogenic cell death, dendritic cell activation, and major histocompatibility complex class I presentation to CD8+ T cells for tumor killing. Together, these findings reveal a novel strategy for the application of self‐assembled Rhein nanofiber‐stabilized lipiodol emulsion to control metabolic signaling and immunoactivation in TACE.
A new look at the fluorescent protein‐based approach for identifying optimal coding sequence for recombinant protein expression in E. coli
Authors: Zabolotskii Artur I. , Riabkova Natalia S.
Published: April 2024

Due to the degeneracy of the genetic code, most amino acids are encoded by several codons. The choice among synonymous codons at the N‐terminus of genes has a profound effect on protein expression in Escherichia coli. This is often explained by the different contributions of synonymous codons to mRNA secondary structure formation. Strong secondary structures at the 5'‐end of mRNA interfere with ribosome binding and affect the process of translation initiation. In silico optimization of the gene 5’‐end can significantly increase the level of protein expression; however, this method is not always effective due to the uncertainty of the exact mechanism by which synonymous substitutions affect expression; thus, it may produce nonoptimal variants as well as miss some of the best producers. In this paper, an alternative approach is proposed based on screening a partially randomized library of expression constructs comprising hundreds of selected synonymous variants. The effect of such substitutions was evaluated using the gene of interest fused to the reporter gene of the fluorescent protein with subsequent screening for the most promising candidates according to the reporter's signal intensity. The power of the approach is demonstrated by a significant increase in the prokaryotic expression of three proteins: canine cystatin C, human BCL2‐associated athanogene 3 and human cardiac troponin I. This simple approach was suggested which may provide an efficient, easy, and inexpensive optimization method for poorly expressed proteins in bacteria.
Glean lessons in leadership from Elvis Presley
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: April 2024

I’ve always loved the album Graceland by Paul Simon. It came out when I was in my 20s. I listened to those songs on vinyl. My favorite song, of course, was the title song, “Graceland.” I knew it was a place in Memphis, Tennessee, but didn’t really pay much attention to it.
Protect student‐athletes, limit institutional risk arising from NIL deals with outside medical entities
Authors: Neal Timothy
Published: April 2024

In the fast‐moving arena of name, image, and likeness opportunities, it isn’t hard to fathom student‐athletes making NIL deals with physicians, hospitals, and physical therapy/sports medicine clinics similar to the sponsorship deals that athletics departments have made with medical professionals.
Understand potential implications of recent NIL ruling
Authors: Stein Callan G. , Lowe Michael S. , Broczkowski Brett , Brolley Christopher M.
Published: April 2024

Much about the legal aspects of the name, image, and likeness world changed in February when the U.S. District Court of the Eastern District of Tennessee granted a request by the Tennessee and Virginia attorneys general for a preliminary injunction enjoining the NCAA from enforcing certain of its NIL rules.
AD strives to develop game‐changers — beyond sport
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: April 2024

For athletics administrators to succeed in the rapidly changing world of college sports, it's critical to remember your why, which should center on engaging student‐athletes. That's according to Courtney Lovely Evans, M.S., Director of Athletics at Palm Beach Atlantic University.
Haplo‐insufficiency of Profilin1 in vascular endothelial cells is beneficial but not sufficient to confer protection against experimentally induced atherosclerosis
Authors: Allen‐Gondringer Abigail , Gau David , Dutta Partha , Roy Partha
Published: April 2024

Actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in various aspects of atherosclerosis, a key driver of ischemic heart disease. Actin‐binding protein Profilin1 (Pfn1) is overexpressed in atherosclerotic plaques in human disease, and Pfn1, when partially depleted globally in all cell types, confers atheroprotection in vivo. This study investigates the impact of endothelial cell (EC)‐specific partial loss of Pfn1 expression in atherosclerosis development. We utilized mice engineered for conditional heterozygous knockout of the Pfn1 gene in ECs, with atherosclerosis induced by depletion of hepatic LDL receptor by gene delivery of PCSK9 combined with high‐cholesterol diet. Our studies show that partial depletion of EC Pfn1 has certain beneficial effects marked by dampening of select pro‐atherogenic cytokines (CXCL10 and IL7) with concomitant reduction in cytotoxic T cell abundance but is not sufficient to reduce hyperlipidemia and confer atheroprotection in vivo. In light of these findings, we conclude that atheroprotective phenotype conferred by global Pfn1 haplo‐insufficiency requires contributions of additional cell types that are relevant for atherosclerosis progression.
Esophageal submucosal hematoma during transnasal endoscopy: A rare case report
Authors: Kanamori Atsushi , Nadatani Yuji , Kushiyama Nahoko , Nakata Akinobu , Higashimori Akira , Ominami Masaki , Kimura Tatsuo , Fukumoto Shinya , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Watanabe Toshio
Published: April 2024

Esophageal submucosal hematoma is a rare, often incidental complication of therapeutic endoscopic procedures marked by disrupted blood vessels beneath the esophageal mucosa, forming a hematoma. We report the unique case of a severely thin and alcoholic 38‐year‐old woman with a history of reflux esophagitis who developed an esophageal submucosal hematoma during an unsedated transnasal endoscopy for health check‐up. During the procedure, the patient experienced strong vomiting reflexes and vomited blood, leading to the initial suspicion of either Mallory‐Weiss syndrome or epistaxis. However, subsequent sedated endoscopy revealed an esophageal submucosal tumor‐like lesion and a mucosal laceration with blood clots, prompting a dual diagnosis of esophageal submucosal hematoma and Mallory‐Weiss syndrome. The bleeding was not severe enough to require hemostatic intervention. The patient opted for conservative treatment with vonoprazan, which resulted in the improvement and healing of the hematoma within 28 days. This is the first report of an esophageal submucosal hematoma during transnasal endoscopy and emphasizes the importance of including an esophageal submucosal hematoma and Mallory‐Weiss syndrome in the differential diagnosis of hematemesis encountered in similar scenarios. Factors such as severe thinness, daily alcohol consumption, and reflux esophagitis may have possibly contributed to the development of the esophageal submucosal hematoma in this patient.
Synthesis of Optically Pure Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex‐Peptide Hybrids and Their Anticancer Activity
Authors: Kanbe Azusa , Yokoi Kenta , Umezawa Masakazu , Tsuchiya Koji , Aoki Shin
Published: April 2024

We report on the synthesis of optically pure cyclometalated iridium(III) complex‐peptide hybrids as amphiphilic peptide conjugates (IPH‐ACs) and the effect of the stereochemistry with respect to their Ir(tpy)3 (tpy: 2‐(4′‐tolyl)pyridine) core on their cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Stereochemically pure IPH‐ACs were synthesized from Δ‐ and Λ‐Ir(tpyCO2H)3 by optical resolution via the diastereomeric intermediates that are conjugated with the chiral alcohol, (1R,2R)‐2‐aminocyclohexanol ((R,R)‐11), followed by the hydrolysis of the ester moieties, as we reported very recently, and their spectroscopic spectra are reported. It was found that both optically pure Δ‐ and Λ‐forms of IPH‐ACs induce paraptotic cell death in Jurkat cells and the EC50 values were evaluated by MTT assays. We also performed TEM (transmission electron microscope) analyses of Jurkat cells treated with Λ‐13 to observe morphological changes in paraptosis processes. The intracellular uptake of Λ‐forms of IPH‐ACs in the cells measured by ICP‐MS (inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry) was higher than those of Δ‐forms and the EC50 values of the Λ‐forms were smaller than those of the Δ‐IPH‐ACs. The analysis of these results suggests that the intrinsic cytotoxicity is almost equal for the Δ‐ and Λ‐forms and that the difference in cytotoxicity against Jurkat cells is due to the selectivity in the intracellular uptake of each stereoisomer.
Stability analysis and numerical simulations of the infection spread of epidemics as a reaction–diffusion model
Authors: Hariharan S. , Shangerganesh L. , Manimaran J. , Hendy A. S. , Zaky Mahmoud A.
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a spatiotemporal reaction–diffusion model for epidemics to predict how the infection spreads in a given space. The model is based on a system of partial differential equations with the Neumann boundary conditions. First, we study the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the model using the semigroup theory and demonstrate the boundedness of solutions. Further, the proposed model's basic reproduction number is calculated using the eigenvalue problem. Moreover, the dynamic behavior of the disease‐free steady states of the model for
is investigated. The uniform persistence of the model is also discussed. In addition, the global asymptotic stability of the endemic steady state is examined. Finally, the numerical simulations validate the theoretical results.
Global existence of solutions for a free‐boundary tumor model with angiogenesis and a necrotic core
Authors: Song Huijuan , Wang Zejia , Hu Wentao
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we study a free‐boundary problem modeling the growth of spherically symmetric tumors with angiogenesis and a necrotic core, where the Robin boundary condition is imposed for the nutrient concentration. The existence of a global solution is established by first reducing the free‐boundary problem into an equivalent initial boundary value problem for a nonlinear strongly singular parabolic equation on a fixed domain, then proving that an approximation problem admits a unique solution by the Schauder fixed point theorem combined with the
estimates for parabolic equations, and finally taking the limit. Compared with the Dirichlet boundary value condition problem, the Robin condition causes some new difficulties in making rigorous analysis of the model, particularly on the uniqueness of solutions to the approximation problem.
Identification, synthesis, and field evaluation of components of the female‐produced sex pheromone of Helopeltis cinchonae (Hemiptera: Miridae), an emerging pest of tea
Authors: Magsi Fida Hussain , Cai Xiaoming , Luo Zongxiu , Li Zhaoqun , Bian Lei , Xiu Chunli , Fu Nanxia , Li Jianlong , Hall David R , Chen Zongmao
Published: April 2024

Background

Helopeltis cinchonae (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a major pest of tea plantations in Asia. Conventional control of pests with pesticides is unsustainable. Therefore, safe and eco‐friendly alternatives, such as pheromones, are required to manage the pest.

Results

In gas chromatography–electroantennographic detection (GC–EAD) analysis of whole‐body extracts of virgin female H. cinchonae, two compounds elicited electroantennogram (EAG) responses from male antennae. These were identified as hexyl (R)‐3‐acetoxybutyrate and (R)‐1‐acetoxy‐5‐butyroxyhexane using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis compared to synthetic compounds. This is the first study to report 1‐acetoxy‐5‐butyroxyhexane as an insect pheromone component. The synthetic compounds elicited dose‐dependent EAG responses from the antennae of male H. cinchonae. In two field trapping experiments, the individual compounds were highly attractive to male H. cinchonae when dispensed from polyethylene vials. However, higher catches were obtained with blends of the two compounds in a 1:10 ratio. The blend of racemic compounds was as attractive as the blend of (R)‐enantiomers.

Conclusions

We reported that 1‐acetoxy‐5‐butyroxyhexane and hexyl 3‐acetoxybutyrate are components of the female‐produced sex pheromone of H. cinchonae, but further work is required on the blend and loading of pheromone and on trap design to provide an optimized system for monitoring and control of this pest. The results may also facilitate the identification of the pheromones of other Helopeltis species, which are major pests in many crops. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Volatiles from essential oils of three Lamiaceae plants repel the winged cotton aphid, disturb its feeding behavior and reduce its fecundity
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhang Tao , Wang Xinhang , Bian Zhipeng , Zhang Xiaofang , Yang Guoqing , Lu Yanhui
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Insects use odor detection to sense their surroundings. Use of volatile compounds, such as essential oils (EOs) of plants, to repel pests and disrupt their olfaction‐driven behaviors has great practical potential for use in integrated pest management. Despite the available information on the repellent effects of EOs on herbivorous insects, the olfaction‐based mechanisms remain unknown.

RESULTS

Y‐tube olfactometer tests showed that the EOs of three Lamiaceae plants – Mentha arvensis L., Mentha piperita L. and Lavandula angustifolia Mill. – were significantly repellent to winged cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) tests indicated the EOs reduced phloem feeding and increased the level of non‐productive probing by the aphids. The EOs also reduced the fecundity of winged Aphis gossypii. Electrophysiological bioassays and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) identified five physiologically active volatiles, that is menthone, isomenthone, neomenthol and menthol from Mentha piperita; menthone and menthol from Mentha arvensis; and linalool from L. angustifolia. Behavioral tests confirmed that all five compounds repelled winged Aphis gossypii. Under field conditions, the growth rate of aphid populations after 7 days was significantly lower in fields treated with these compounds than in the control fields.

CONCLUSION

Our findings demonstrated that three EOs not only repelled winged Aphis gossypii but also interfered with the aphid's feeding behavior and reduced its fecundity. These EOs and their active constituents have great potential as eco‐friendly control products for use against Aphis gossypii. The effects of these EOs also exceed other repellents that only keep pests away from host plants. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Data‐driven iterative learning cooperative trajectory tracking control for multiple autonomous underwater vehicles with input saturation constraints
Authors: Wu Chengxi , Karimi Hamid Reza , Shan Liang , Dai Yuewei
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the cooperative trajectory tracking (CTT) control problem of multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The multi‐AUV system is characterized by uncertain dynamics, being subjected to the impact about input saturation constraints and unmeasurable disturbances. First, a neural network‐based data‐driven control algorithm is proposed for the multi‐AUV system with unmeasurable disturbances and model parameters uncertain. The radial basis function neural network is employed to estimate the primary pseudo parameters of an equivalent data model, established through dynamic linearization methods. Subsequently, an iterative learning control approach based on adaptive gain is designed to act as a feedforward scheme along the iteration axis to enhance the tracking accuracy within a time constraint. Third, to prove that the resulting CTT control system fulfills the bounded stability under the proposed control approach, a formal stability analysis is provided. Finally, a simulation case study is conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed CTT control approach.
Understanding Macrophage‐Tumor Interactions: Insights from Single‐Cell Behavior Monitoring in a Sessile Microdroplet System
Authors: Lin Jiaxu , Zhang Qiang , Xie Tianze , Wu Zengnan , Hou Ying , Song Yang , Lin Yongning , Lin Jin‐Ming
Published: April 2024

Interaction between tumor‐associated macrophages and tumor cells is crucial for tumor development, metastasis, and the related immune process. However, the macrophages are highly heterogeneous spanning from anti‐tumorigenic to pro‐tumorigenic, which needs to be understood at the single‐cell level. Herein, a sessile microdroplet system designed for monitoring cellular behavior and analyzing intercellular interaction, demonstrated with macrophage‐tumor cell pairs is presented. An automatic procedure based on the inkjet printing method is utilized for the precise pairing and co‐encapsulation of heterotypic cells within picoliter droplets. The sessile nature of microdroplets ensures controlled fusion and provides stable environments conducive to adherent cell culture. The nitric oxide generation and morphological changes over incubation are explored to reveal the complicated interactions from a single‐cell perspective. The immune response of macrophages under distinct cellular microenvironments is recorded. The results demonstrate that the tumor microenvironment displays a modulating role in polarizing macrophages from anti‐tumorigenic into pro‐tumorigenic phenotype. The approach provides a versatile and compatible platform to investigate intercellular interaction at the single‐cell level, showing promising potential for advancing single‐cell behavior studies.
Deciphering the prognostic landscape of osteosarcoma: Integrating the roles of hippo pathway genes, programmed cell death, and the tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Ma Huayan , Zhang Yuxian , Li Jing , Xie Tiantian , Zhao Zhi
Published: April 2024

Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive cancer prevalent among adolescents and young adults, notorious for its tendency to metastasize to the lungs. This research delves into the molecular foundations of osteosarcoma by examining the role of the Hippo signaling pathway and its interaction with the tumor immune microenvironment (TME). Through analysis of transcriptomic data from the TARGET‐OS dataset and control samples from GTEx, we identified a set of 131 genes that link high expression profiles in osteosarcoma with the Hippo pathway. A focused examination through univariate Cox regression analysis revealed eight key genes (DLG5, WNT11, TGFB2, DLG4, WNT16, ID2, WNT10B, and WNT10A) with a significant correlation to patient outcomes. Hierarchical clustering of these genes delineated two distinct patient groups with significantly different survival rates, a finding supported by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Further investigation into immune cell infiltration and expression profiles of immunoregulatory factors uncovered a notable pattern of immune evasion in the group with poorer prognosis, marked by reduced effector immune cell activity and lower levels of immunostimulatory factors. Single‐cell sequencing highlighted the cellular diversity within osteosarcoma samples and identified markers differentiating malignant from nonmalignant cells, correlating these markers with prognostic risk scores. Our results emphasize the critical prognostic value of Hippo pathway genes and the TME in osteosarcoma, shedding light on new avenues for therapeutic intervention and patient‐specific treatment strategies.
Game changers in U.S. higher education
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: April 2024

This is not an article about trends in higher education in the United States. It is an article about developments in the way higher education in America is delivered and administered. Game changers, in the years to come, may, or may not, drastically impact how faculty and administrators conduct the business of educating students and how students pursue higher education after graduation from high school.
Risk perception and food safety practices among Slovenian pet owners: does raw meat feeding of pets make a difference?
Authors: Ovca Andrej , Bulochova Veronika , Pirnat Teja , Evans Ellen W.
Published: April 2024

Commercially produced and home-made raw meat-based pet diets are becoming increasingly popular and have been recognised as an emerging public health risk by the European Food Safety Authority. The aim of this study was to investigate risk perceptions and self-reported pet food preparation practices in the home setting among pet owners who feed raw meat-based diet to pets. An online questionnaire was distributed to pet owners through social media groups. Ultimately, 750 respondents were included in the detailed analysis, divided into two subgroups, a “raw group” consisted of pet owners who provided raw meat-based diets for pets (n = 382), while the “conventional group” consisted of pet owners who did not (n = 368). There was no significant difference between the two groups in overall risk perception. Only one third of respondents in both groups were aware of the potentially fatal consequences of food poisoning. Self-reported frequency of hand washing, and surface cleaning, were significantly higher (p = 0.000) in the raw group than the conventional group. Food safety malpractices were noted in the raw feeding group, with 47% reporting to rinsing raw peat meat before preparing it, and 42% thawing frozen raw peat meat at room temperature on the kitchen counter. The results provide information on the prevalence of feeding raw meat to pets among Slovenian pet owners and provides the basis for developing tailored food safety education campaigns to improve risk awareness and provide food safety recommendations for pet owners providing raw meat-based diets for pets in Slovenia.
A Fully Coupled Numerical Model for Unbonded Post-tensioned Timber Structures
Authors: Dinçer A. Ersin , Demir Abdullah
Published: April 2024

The paper presents a fully Lagrangian mesh-free solver to simulate the dynamic behavior of post-tensioned timber structures. Weakly Compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is employed to model both the timber and the tendon. An efficient and simple coupling method between the timber and the tendon is proposed by considering the numerical stability. Besides, the same coupling algorithm is used to model the interaction between column and beam elements. Although the column is treated as rigid in the simulations, the coupling algorithm accounts for the initial compression of the column resulting from post-tensioning. For the verification of the code for solids and material nonlinearity of timber, benchmark problems available in the literature are used. Finally, the solver's capability is demonstrated through dynamic analysis of post-tensioned timber structures. The solutions obtained for all the cases are in good agreement with the experimental and theoretical data, which indicates the applicability and accuracy of the solver.
Thermal annealing effect on phase evolution, physical properties of DC sputtered copper oxide thin films and transport behavior of ITO/CuO/Al Schottky diodes
Authors: Jagadish K. A. , Kekuda Dhananjaya
Published: April 2024

Herein, we report on the post-annealing temperature effect on the transport behavior of p-CuO/Al Schottky barrier diodes. In addition, the transformation of phase from Cu4O3 to CuO phase was studied. Copper oxide thin films were grown on soda lime glass substrates, and post-annealing temperature's influence on the films’ structural, chemical, morphological, and electrical characteristics was comprehensively examined. X-ray diffraction study revealed the development of polycrystalline tenorite phase (CuO) on annealing. Raman analysis also confirmed the formation of the tenorite phase (CuO) at higher annealing temperatures (400 °C and 500 °C). XPS study revealed the occurrence of the Cu4O3 phase for room temperature deposited sample and CuO phase at the higher annealing temperature. Using current–voltage analysis, the Chueng model, and the thermoelectric emission model, the Schottky behavior between the metal and semiconductor were investigated. The fabricated diode showed a rectification ratio of 103 at ± 2 V, with the barrier height ranging from 0.84 to 1.12 eV due to different annealing treatments. The attributes of the power law were employed to elucidate space charge-limited conduction and the process of tunneling across the density of interface traps in p-CuO/Al Schottky diodes. This study provides valuable insights into the behavior of the p-CuO/Al Schottky junction, enhancing our understanding of its characteristics.
(Data-) Cooperatives in health and social care: a scoping review
Authors: Lauer Romy , Merkel Sebastian , Bosompem Jennifer , Langer Henrike , Naeve Peter , Herten Benjamin , Burmann Anja , Vollmar Horst Christian , Otte Ina ,   on behalf of the Coop4Health.NRW Consortium, Brand Angela , Brand Helmut , Clemens Timo , Geller Simon , Hinzmann Alice , Huhnt Jönne , Kerstan Leah , Venne Julien
Published: April 2024

Aim

To gather information about the structure of cooperatives in health and social care, in general, and data cooperatives, in particular, to derive implications for their future implementation.

Subject and methods

Health and social care systems are currently under pressure due to rising costs and demands. Many hopes lie on digitization, digitalization, and the potentials of health data. A scoping review was conducted searching nine databases and grey literature. Data on information about aim, type, and structure of the cooperatives, member structure, founding process, and their way of financing were extracted.

Results

All searches resulted in 9080 articles and websites. Overall, we included 26 cooperatives and categorized them as follows: (1) worker cooperatives with focus on workers’ rights and service provision to clients, (2) consumer cooperatives, (3) consumer and worker cooperatives, (4) cooperatives of institutions, (5) general practitioner (GP) cooperatives, (6) cooperatives as health insurance models, and (7) health data cooperatives.

Conclusions

Information provided on (data) cooperatives differed greatly in detail. Their common goal is to tackle and overcome existing barriers in their field such as working conditions or unequal health care. We identified five challenges: (1) salary structures; (2) cooperating with other providers and surrounding institutions; (3) building an identity and recruiting potential members; (4) motivation of members to participate actively; and (5) distinction from other types. Benefits are: (1) improvement of conditions; (2) being stronger together; (3) support of research; and (4) data governance. When successful and competent, (data) cooperatives can be powerful tools on public, scientific, and political levels.
Susceptibility of optic nerve head in children with posture-related elevation of intraocular pressure
Authors: Lüke Jan Niklas , Gietzelt Caroline , Enders Philip , Dietlein Johanna , Lappa Alexandra , Lüke Vincent , Widder Randolf Alexander , Dietlein Thomas S.
Published: April 2024

Background/Aims

This work aimed to investigate changes in optic nerve head (ONH) morphometry based on Bruch membrane opening in children with extensive nocturnal intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations.

Methods

The course of Bruch membrane opening-based optic nerve head (ONH) morphometry was analysed in thirty-two patients younger than 18 years with evaluable SD-OCT examinations of the ONH and nocturnal posture-dependent IOP elevation above 25 mmHg. Longitudinal changes in neuroretinal rim tissue, as measured by Bruch Membrane opening minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, were assessed.

Results

One year after the 24 h IOP measurement, global BMO-MRW (− 1.61 ± 16.8 µm, n.s.; p = 0.611) and RNFL (+ 0.64 ± 3.17 µm; n.s.; p = 0.292) measurements were not significantly different from the baseline. No significant BMO-MRW reduction (− 3.91 ± 24.3 µm; n.s. p = 0.458) or deviation in RNFL thickness (+ 1.10 ± 3.52 µm) was observed at the four-year follow-up. Absolute IOP values measured in the supine position did not correlate with changes in global BMO-MRW or RNFL thickness.

Conclusion

Posture-dependent IOP elevations do not seem to influence retinal nerve fibre layer thickness or Bruch membrane opening-based morphometric data in childhood.
Heavy metal leaching from wood ash before and after hydration and carbonation
Authors: Ottosen Lisbeth M. , Sigvardsen Nina M.
Published: April 2024

Wood ashes can be used, e.g., as soil fertilizer or in construction materials; however, it is important to ensure that such use will not cause spreading of heavy metals and subsequent harm to the environment. Wood fly ashes (WFAs) generally have higher concentrations of heavy metals than wood bottom ashes. This paper focuses on the leaching of heavy metals from WFA, specifically identifying WFA characteristics that influence the leaching and changes in leaching caused by hydration and carbonation in ambient air. Chemometric modeling based on characteristics for eight different WFAs suggested that the leaching of Cr and Zn was associated with the concentration of K and the leaching of SO42−, indicating a connection to the soluble K2(SO4) commonly found in WFAs. During the aging, both pH and conductivity of the WFAs decreased showing the formation of new phases. The leaching of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb was low initially and decreased to non-measurable after the aging. So did the leaching of Zn except from one of the WFAs. Thus, the part of the heavy metals, which were leaching originally, was built into the newly formed phases. The Cr leaching also showed a general decrease during the aging, however, not to similarly low levels. This means that the leaching Cr fraction was either not influenced by the aging processes or the formed phases contained water-soluble Cr. The continued leaching of Cr needs more attention as it may be the toxic and carcinogenic Cr(IV). As the chemistry and mineralogy of WFAs, inclusive of the mobility of the heavy metals, are subject to changes, increased knowledge on the chemistry determining these changes is needed to choose environmentally sound recycling options.