bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological Perspectives on Interrogation
Authors: Vrij Aldert , Meissner Christian A. , Fisher Ronald P. , Kassin Saul M. , Morgan Charles A. , Kleinman Steven M.
Published: September 2017

Proponents of “enhanced interrogation techniques” in the United States have claimed that such methods are necessary for obtaining information from uncooperative terrorism subjects. In the present article, we offer an informed, academic perspective on such claims. Psychological theory and research shows that harsh interrogation methods are ineffective. First, they are likely to increase resistance by the subject rather than facilitate cooperation. Second, the threatening and adversarial nature of harsh interrogation is often inimical to the goal of facilitating the retrieval of information from memory and therefore reduces the likelihood that a subject will provide reports that are extensive, detailed, and accurate. Third, harsh interrogation methods make lie detection difficult. Analyzing speech content and eliciting verifiable details are the most reliable cues to assessing credibility; however, to elicit such cues subjects must be encouraged to provide extensive narratives, something that does not occur in harsh interrogations. Evidence is accumulating for the effectiveness of rapport-based information-gathering approaches as an alternative to harsh interrogations. Such approaches promote cooperation, enhance recall of relevant and reliable information, and facilitate assessments of credibility. Given the available evidence that torture is ineffective, why might some laypersons, policymakers, and interrogation personnel support the use of torture? We conclude our review by offering a psychological perspective on this important question.
Managing sarcoma: where have we come from and where are we going?
Authors: Bleloch Jenna S. , Ballim Reyna D. , Kimani Serah , Parkes Jeannette , Panieri Eugenio , Willmer Tarryn , Prince Sharon
Published: September 2017

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms of mesenchymal origin. Approximately 80% arise from soft tissue and 20% originate from bone. To date more than 100 sarcoma subtypes have been identified and they vary in molecular characteristics, pathology, clinical presentation and response to treatment. While sarcomas represent <1% of adult cancers, they account for approximately 21% of paediatric malignancies and thus pose some of the greatest risks of mortality and morbidity in children and young adults. Metastases occur in one-third of all patients and approximately 10–20% of sarcomas recur locally. Surgery in combination with preoperative and postoperative therapies is the primary treatment for localized sarcoma tumours and is the most promising curative possibility. Metastasized sarcomas, on the other hand, are treated primarily with single-agent or combination chemotherapy, but this rarely leads to a complete and robust response and often becomes a palliative form of treatment. The heterogeneity of sarcomas results in variable responses to current generalized treatment strategies. In light of this and the lack of curative strategies for metastatic and unresectable sarcomas, there is a need for novel subtype-specific treatment strategies. With the more recent understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of some of these tumours, the treatment of sarcoma subtypes with targeted therapies is a rapidly evolving field. This review discusses the current management of sarcomas as well as promising new therapies that are currently underway in clinical trials.
Cytomegalovirus infection masquerading as gastric carcinoma in an immune-compromised host
Authors: Wong Yu Jun , Tan Ban Hock , Leow Wei Qiang , Mesenas Steven Joseph
Published: September 2017

A 63-year-old man post-renal transplantation on immunosuppressants presented with reflux symptoms for one month. Significant medical history included a history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease. Barium meal showed a large plaque-like lesion along greater curvature suspicious of malignancy. Gastroscopy revealed a large polyploidal gastric mass which was biopsied. Histological result showed numerous cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral inclusions within hyperplastic gastric mucosa without dysplasia or neoplasm. The findings were consistent with CMV gastric polyp. Following treatment with antiviral therapy and reduction in immunosuppressants, the CMV gastric polyp became smaller. This highlights the importance of considering CMV as a differential of gastric mass in an immunosuppressed host as treatment options varied between surgery and antiviral therapy.
Cascade of care among HIV patients diagnosed in 2013 in Georgia: Risk factors for late diagnosis and attrition from HIV care
Authors: Ruadze Ekaterine , Chkhartishvili Nikoloz , Chokoshvili Otar , Tsertsvadze Tengiz
Published: September 2017

Introduction:

The major challenge in the HIV epidemic in Georgia is a high proportion of undiagnosed people living with HIV (estimated 48%) as well as a very high proportion of late presentations for care, with 66% presenting for HIV care with CD4 count <350 and 40% with <200 cells/mm3, in 2013. The objectives of this study was to evaluate patient engagement in the continuum of HIV care for HIV patients diagnosed in 2013 and, within this cohort, to evaluate factors associated with late diagnosis and attrition from care.

Methods:

Factors associated with late diagnosis were analyzed through binary logistic regression. Exposure variables were the mode of HIV transmission (injecting drug use, male-to-male contact, and heterosexual contact), gender (male vs female), and age (categorized by median value ≤36 vs >36). In addition, CD4 count at diagnosis (cells/mm3) (≤350 or >350) together with all above factors were tested for the association with attrition through Poisson regression.

Results:

Overall, 317 patients retained in care, representing 65% of those diagnosed (n = 488). Out of eligible 295 patients, 89.5% were on treatment and 84% of those viral load count was measured after 6 months of antiretroviral treatment initiation had HIV-1 viral load <1000 copies/mL. Patients reporting injecting drug use as a route-of HIV transmission had two times the odds (95% confidence interval = 1.34–3.49) to be diagnosed late and patients reporting male-to-male contact as a way of HIV transmission had half the odds (odds ratio = 0.46 (95% confidence interval = 0.26–0.81)) of late diagnosis compared to patients acquiring HIV through heterosexual contact. Patients older than 36 years were more likely to being diagnosed late.

Conclusion:

More attention should be given to injecting drug users as they represent the most at-risk population for late diagnosis together with older age and attrition.
Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Right-Sided Aorta From the Left-Sided Morphologically Right Ventricle in the Setting of Discordant Atrioventricular Connections
Authors: Talwar Sachin , Anderson Robert H. , Bhoje Amolkumar , Crucean Adrian , Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Choudhary Shiv Kumar , Airan Balram
Published: September 2017

We describe the anatomic findings in a 2-year-old patient with double outlet right ventricle with right-sided aorta in the setting of usual atrial arrangement and discordant atrioventricular connections, making comparison with a specimen from the pathological archive of the Birmingham Children’s Hospital in the United Kingdom having this rare combination of anatomic features. We discuss the challenges involved in diagnosis and management.
Evaluation of Calcium Release from Pulp-capping Material Using International Organization for Standardization Guidelines
Authors: Masabni Omar , Wheater Michelle
Published: September 2017

Aims and Objectives:

Cytotoxicity assays are one of the methods used to assess the biocompatibility of dental materials. The objective of this study was to determine if surface area/volume ratios designated by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for biological evaluation of medical devices affects cytotoxicity and calcium release in an endodontic pulp-capping materials.

Material and Methods:

Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFb) were treated with extractables derived from the calcium silicate pulp-capping material TheraCal LC at pellet surface area/culture medium volume ratios of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 cm2/mL. A colorimetric cytotoxicity assay (MTT) and phase-contrast microscopy was used to assess biocompatibility against the fibroblasts. The concentration of calcium leached into culture medium from TheraCal LC at pellet surface area/culture medium volume ratios of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 cm2/mL after 24 hours was determined by colorimetric assay.

Results:

Both MTT assays and microscopy demonstrate that at a pellet surface area/culture medium volume ratio of 1.0 cm2/mL TheraCal LC extractable challenge to fibroblasts results in a significant decrease in cell viability ( P < 0.001) compared to control. TheraCal LC calcium release into culture medium varied with the surface area/volume ratio, with concentrations ranging from 2 to 8 times the calcium concentration in culture medium.

Conclusion:

Pellet surface area/culture medium volume ratios impacted parameters of TheraCal LC used in in vitro studies to determine biocompatibility with oral tissues. The ISO guidelines should be followed for all in vitro cytotoxicity studies of dental materials.
Oral Care Effect on Intubated Patient with 0.2 per cent Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Tooth Brushing in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Khan Mohammad , Mohamed Zeehaida , Ali Saedah , Saddki Norkhafizah , Masudi Sam’an Malik , Sukminingrum Ninin
Published: September 2017

Aims and Objectives:

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the effectiveness of oral care with both tooth brushing and 0.2 per cent chlor-hexidine gluconate compared to 0.2 per cent chlorhexidine gluconate alone for the intubated patient in an intensive care unit (ICU).

Materials and Methods:

Patient screening was done over a period of two months. After taking informed consent, those ICU patients were divided into two groups. Only nine subjects were enrolled. During the study, the experimental group (N = 4) got oral care that consisted of both tooth brushing and 0.2 per cent chlorhexidine gluconate thrice a day. The control group got oral care with 0.2 per cent chlorhexidine gluconate alone thrice a day. The data were analysed by IBM statistical software SPPS, version 24.

Results:

Preliminary results suggest that the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intubated patients can be reduced by maintaining thrice-daily oral care involving both tooth brushing and 0.2 per cent chlorhexidine gluconate.

Conclusion:

Thrice-daily oral care consisted of both tooth brushing and 0.2 per cent chlorhexidine gluconate might be a promise as a ventilator-associated pneumonia-reduction strategy in ICU. Furthermore, more studies are required for its application widely.
Simplified Method of Detection of Dialister invisus and Olsenella uli in Oral Cavity Samples by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Kugaji Manohar S. , Bhat Kishore G. , Joshi Vinayak M. , Pujar Madhu , Mavani Pratik T.
Published: September 2017

Aims and Objectives:

The oral microbial flora is highly complex and diverse with obligate anaerobic bacteria as the predominant component. Most of these are not yet cultivated/difficult to cultivate due to technical limitations. In this study, we aim to detect two novel oral bacterial species Dialister invisus and Olsenella uli by simplified and economical procedure of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and study their association with primary and persistent endodontic infections.

Material and Methods:

The study involved 60 patients that included 30 patients of primary endodontic infections and 30 with persistent endodontic infections. The sample collection from the root canal was performed by universally accepted protocol by using sterile paper points. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction was done, followed by PCR with species specific primers. We made several changes to the protocol mentioned by original authors. We adopted a one-step protocol for amplification of bacterial DNA, omitting the 16SrDNA amplification step with universal primers.

Results:

It was seen that 7 (23.3 %) samples in primary endodontic infection group and 24 (80 %) samples in persistent endodontic infection group were positive for D. invisus. On the other hand, 11 (36.6 %) patients of primary endodontic infection showed positivity for O. uli in comparison to 9 (30 %) of persistent endodontic infection.

Conclusion:

The results from the present study showed efficient amplification of both O. uli and D. invisus in a single-step PCR. Hence, we conclude that the modified protocol used here with taq polymerase enzyme offers a faster and cheaper alternative to nested PCR without compromising the quality of amplification process.
Tooth Development Associated with Mutations in Hereditary Vitamin D–Resistant Rickets
Authors: Hanna A.E. , Sanjad S. , Andary R. , Nemer G. , Ghafari J.G.
Published: September 2017

Hereditary vitamin D–resistant rickets (HVDRR) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations at the level of the vitamin D receptor ( VDR) gene. The disease is characterized by refractory hypocalcemia, elevated serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D, retarded growth, sparse body hair (sometimes alopecia), premature tooth loss, enlarged pulp chambers, thin dentine, and hypoplastic enamel. The aims of this study were 1) to document the dental development of children with HVDRR in association with the mutation type within the VDR and 2) to evaluate the association between dental development and the timing of and response to HVDRR treatment. Genome analysis was performed for 4 affected children (2 y 2 mo to 6 y 8 mo) under treatment with high doses of vitamin D and calcium. Longitudinal records of clinical and radiographic data on their dental development were assessed in relation to genetic profile and response to treatment. Treatment success depended on the position of the mutation within the VDR protein: children with the p.R391S mutation had a favorable outcome but maintained alopecia totalis, while 1 child with the p.H397P mutation and normal hair had no response to very high doses of vitamin D. The primary incisors, formed prenatally and first to emerge, were missing in 3 children and mobile in 1 child; parents reported loss within months posteruption. Posterior teeth were present, having erupted after treatment initiation. Hypoplastic enamel in emerging teeth was associated with late treatment onset. Mutation type in the VDR gene appears to be related to differences in the disease phenotype and response to treatment. Dental development represents an indicator of the disease process, initially protected by maternal blood levels of calcium and later restored by therapeutic supplies that normalize these levels.

Knowledge Transfer Statement: Two novel mutations were associated with different HVDRR phenotypes, one of which responded positively to treatment. Early detection of the mutation should help pediatricians forecast treatment protocol and response. The results also highlight the direct relationship between dental development and blood calcium levels, underscoring the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of HVDRR to minimize the loss of primary teeth and reduce structural abnormalities of permanent teeth.
BRCA1 novel mutation V1736D and in silico analysis of SNP Q356R in Sudanese patients with breast cancer
Authors: Aabdein Mohamed Elmogtba Mouaweia Mohamed , Elimam Alsmawal Awad Mohammed , Altayb Hisham N. , Eldeen Mohamed El-Fatih Mohy , Gasemelseed Mosab Mohamed , FadlAlla Afra AbdElhamid , Osman Marwa Mohamed , Osman Soada Ahmed , Saeed Hajir Ali , Ali Mona ShamsAldeen , Siddig Tomador , Osman Reem Abdelrahman , Elhadi Rehab Ahmed , Hamid Muzamil Mahdi Abdel , Salih Mohamed Ahmed
Published: September 2017

Background: Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide. The BRCA1 deleterious mutation has a significant role in developing BC, and the risk has been estimated to be 46–87%. Many studies emphasize the need for mining BRCA1 gene mutations that might have a role in BC pathogenesis and could affect early disease onset. This study was conducted to screen for possible pathogenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BRCA1, targeting three regions: two in exon 11 and the third in exon 20. Methods: 45 blood samples were collected from patients diagnosed with BC. DNA was extracted and selected regions were amplified by PCR using three sets of primers - two within exon 11 and one within exon 20 of BRCA1. Subsets of 10 samples were selected for each primer set (30 PCR products) and sequenced. Sequences were analyzed using various bioinformatics tools. Results: Two missense mutations were found, Q356R (rs1799950) in one patient (27 years old) and a novel SNP, V1736D, in three premenopausal patients (≤45 years), which were located within exons 11 and 20, respectively. Both detected variants were heterozygous, a status found in all patients detected with such monoallelic variation. Both missense variants underwent in silico analysis. The well-known mutation, rs1799950, was predicted to alter the protein activity, conferred by a mutant residue (R-Arg), owing to the position with a bigger size and positive charge. The novel SNP, V1736D, was predicted to play a role in the pathogenesis of BC. Conclusion: Both variants require further investigation, firstly to assess their contribution to BC and secondly to determine their potential diagnostic value when assessed in a larger population.
Make researchers revisit past publications to improve reproducibility
Authors: Fiala Clare , Diamandis Eleftherios P.
Published: September 2017

Scientific irreproducibility is a major issue that has recently increased attention from publishers, authors, funders and other players in the scientific arena.  Published literature suggests that 50-80% of all science performed is irreproducible.  While various solutions to this problem have been proposed, none of them are quick and/or cheap.  Here, we propose one way of reducing scientific irreproducibility by asking authors to revisit their previous publications and provide a commentary after five years. We believe that this measure will alert authors not to over sell their results and will help with better planning and execution of their experiments.  We invite scientific journals to adapt this proposal immediately as a prerequisite for publishing.
An overview of stoma care accessory products for protecting peristomal skin
Authors: Evans Samantha Helen , Burch Jennie
Published: September 2017

Stoma care can be complex and challenging. There are a number of complications that can have a serious physical and psychological impact for a person with a stoma, including contact dermatitis, mucocutaneous separation and parastomal herniation. Peristomal skin complications are often linked to appliance leakage, caused by an imperfect appliance seal and/or uneven peristomal skin. Sore skin and leaks can be treated with adhesive removers, barrier films, flange extenders, adhesive paste, powders, seals and protective pastes. Other accessories include support garments, discharge solidifying agents and deodorants. The stoma care nurse should help patients choose from the wide range of accessories available, as well as provide patient education and thorough, ongoing assessment.
Living well with a stoma: a descriptive evaluation
Authors: Haughey Sarah , McGroggan Grace
Published: September 2017

The increasing workloads placed on stoma nurses often put the focus on the practicalities of living with a stoma, with the result being that the emotional impact is overlooked. This research, carried out in Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland, attempts to capture the impact of a stoma on an individual's quality of life. Advertisements were placed in the press and online looking for ostomates to assist with research. Respondents contacted the clinical research team and were sent a lifestyle questionnaire to complete. The questionnaire was designed to capture both day-to-day stoma-related issues and the psychological impact that stoma-formation surgery has on individuals. In total, 547 questionnaires were returned, giving a return rate of >90%. Participants ranged from 18–92 years old, with postoperative times ranging from <1 to >30 years. While some describing life since surgery chose positive descriptors, such as better, healthier, happy and free, the vast majority reported some negative feelings, with the predominant words being restricted, embarrassing, difficult and inconvenient. This research highlighted the difficulties associated with predicting the psychological impact of a stoma.
Gradual physical decline characterises the illness trajectories of care home residents
Authors: Finucane Anne M , Stevenson Barbara , Murray Scott A
Published: September 2017

Background:

Three archetypal trajectories of physical decline have been identified: a short period of rapid decline; long-term limitations with intermittent acute periods; and a prolonged gradual decline. An understanding of illness trajectories can help clarify the evolving needs of people with progressive conditions, and inform the development of palliative care services to meet their needs. Many frail older people live and die in care homes; the present study is the first to explore the illness trajectories of residents in care home settings.

Aims:

To determine the prevailing trajectories of physical decline in care home residents; and to identify the dominant illness trajectories of residents in care homes in Lothian, Scotland.

Method:

Data were collected as part of a service development project to improve palliative care in eight care homes in south Edinburgh that provided 24-hour onsite nursing care.

Results:

Data on 120 residents were collected. The dominant illness trajectory, found in 78% of residents, was prolonged gradual decline. The majority of residents (67%) had two or more long-term conditions. Overall, 74% had dementia. Only 11% of residents died in hospital; of these, most died within 1 week of admission.

Conclusion:

Interventions to improve palliative care in care homes need to be modelled on the needs of residents who experience prolonged gradual decline characterised by frailty, dementia, multimorbidity and an uncertain prognosis.
Research roundup
Authors: Costello John
Published: September 2017

Synopses of a selection of recently published research articles of relevance to palliative care.
Treatment options for managing acne in primary care
Authors: Kochhar Suneeta
Published: September 2017

Suneeta Kochhar gives an introduction to providing an appropriate regime to treat this common condition
Old favourites stay as technology speeds up
Authors: Brodie Kathy
Published: September 2017

While technology has made its mark on early years resources, ‘real’ provision such as mud, play dough and junk modelling, have endured the test of time. Kathy Brodie ponders what the next 20 years could bring.
Children lead the way to create their own spaces
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: September 2017

Annette Rawstrone discovers how the concept of enabling environments has flourished and has led to the development of an open-ended approach, prioritising ‘real’ resources and child-led play and learning.
Best breakfast pancakes
Authors: Chapman Ailsa
Published: September 2017

This month Ailsa Chapman decided to cook the Scotch variety of pancakes, giving children a choice of toppings.
It's a knock out
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: September 2017

In the first of this three-part series, Jenni Clarke shares ideas for providing young children with opportunities to develop counting skills by using resources such as skittles, balloons and hoops.
‘Pizza per favore’!
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: September 2017

This month, as part of Judith Harries' series on introducing foreign languages, she travels to Italy. Use Italian foods such as pizza and ice cream as a theme for role-play to introduce vocabulary.
Space to grieve
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: September 2017

Children tend to move quickly through a range of emotions and reactions in response to the death of a loved one. It is important to answer all their questions honestly, says Annette Rawstrone.
Hallowe'en treats
Authors: White Hilary
Published: September 2017

Hallowe'en provides the perfect excuse to create edible treats, using culinary techniques that involve the development of fine motor skills. A great way to stimulate children's taste buds and imaginations!
‘If you're happy…’
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: September 2017

In the first of a new series, Jenni Clarke shares ideas for exploring emotions through physical activities. Singing and dancing can be used to support a sense of belonging and build self-esteem.
First observations of a social wasp preying on termite workers
Authors: Starr Christopher K
Published: September 2017

The social wasp Polybia quadricincta is observed preying opportunistically on workers of the termite Nasutitermes corniger in Trinidad, West Indies.  Several Polybia spp. and other social wasps are known to prey on winged reproductive, but this appears to be the first report of any preying on workers.
Performance Reviews
Authors: Laird Paul R. , Pribyl Ashley M.
Published: September 2017

El Rey León, book by Roger Allers and Irene Mecchi, Spanish translation by Jordi Galceran, music and lyrics by Elton John and Tim Rice, music and additional lyrics by Lebo M, Mark Mancina, Jay Rifkin, Julie Ta ymor and Hans Zimmer, directed by Julie Ta ymor, Teatro Lope de Vega, Madrid, Spain, 17 January 2017

Pacific Overtures, book by John Weidman, lyrics and music by Stephen Sondheim, directed by John Doyle, Classic Stage Company, New York, 15 April 2017

Sunday in the Park with George, book by James Lapine, lyrics and music by Stephen Sondheim, directed by Sarna Lapine, Hudson Theatre, New York, 14 April 2017

Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, book by Hugh Wheeler, lyrics and music by Stephen Sondheim, directed by Bill Buckhurst, Barrow Street Theatre, New York, 16 April 2017
Existence results for a class of Kirchhoff type systems with Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg exponents
Authors: Afrouzi G. A. , Zahmatkesh H. , Shakeri S.
Published: September 2017

This paper is concerned with the existence of positive solutions for a class of infinite semipositone kirchhoff type systems with singular weights. Our aim is to establish the existence of positive solution for λ large enough. The arguments rely on the method of sub-and super-solutions.
Iterative calculus on tangent floors
Authors: Balan Vladimir , Rahula Maido , Voicu Nicoleta
Published: September 2017

Tangent fibrations generate a “multi-floored tower”, while raising from one of its floors to the next one, one practically reiterates the previously performed actions. In this way, the "tower" admits a ladder-shaped structure. Raising to the first floors suffices for iteratively performing the subsequent steps. The paper mainly studies the tangent functor. We describe the structure of multiple vector bundle which naturally appears on the floors, tangent maps, sector-forms, the lift of vector fields to upper floors. Further, we show how tangent groups of Lie groups lead to gauge theory, and explain in this context the meaning of covariant differentiation. Finally, we will point out within the floors special subbundles - the osculating bundles, which play an essential role in classical theories.
Positive solutions of nth-order impulsive differential equations with integral boundary conditions
Authors: Tokmak Fen Fatma , Yaslan Karaca Ilkay
Published: September 2017

This paper is concerned with the existence and nonexistence of positive solutions of nth-order impulsive boundary value problem with integral boundary conditions. The fixed point theorem of cone expansion and compression is used to investigate the existence of at least one positive solution. Also, an example is given to illustrate the effective of our results.
Exact controllability of fractional neutral integro-differential systems with state-dependent delay in Banach spaces
Authors: Kailasavalli S. , Baleanu D. , Suganya S. , Mallika Arjunan M.
Published: September 2017

In this manuscript, we have a tendency to execute Banach contraction fixed point theorem combined with resolvent operator to analyze the exact controllability results for fractional neutral integro-differential systems (FNIDS) with state-dependent delay (SDD) in Banach spaces. An illustration is additionally offered to exhibit the achieved hypotheses.
A local minimum theorem and critical nonlinearities
Authors: Bonanno Gabriele , D’Aguì Giuseppina , O’Regan Donal
Published: September 2017

In this paper the existence of two positive solutions for a Dirichlet problem having a critical growth, and depending on a real parameter, is established. The approach is based on methods which are totally variational, unlike the fundamental result of Ambrosetti, Brezis and Cerami where a clever combination of topological and variational methods is used in order to obtain the same conclusion. In addition, a numerical estimate of real parameters, for which the two solutions are obtained, is provided. Our main tool is a local minimum theorem.
Classification of Filiform Lie Algebras up to dimension 7 Over Finite Fields
Authors: Falcón Óscar J. , Falcón Raúl M. , Núñez Juan , Pacheco Ana M. , Villar M. Trinidad
Published: September 2017

This paper tries to develop a recent research which consists in using Discrete Mathematics as a tool in the study of the problem of the classification of Lie algebras in general, dealing in this case with filiform Lie algebras up to dimension 7 over finite fields. The idea lies in the representation of each Lie algebra by a certain type of graphs. Then, some properties on Graph Theory make easier to classify the algebras. As main results, we find out that there exist, up to isomorphism, six, five and five 6-dimensional filiform Lie algebras and fifteen, eleven and fifteen 7-dimensional ones, respectively, over ℤ/pℤ, for p = 2, 3, 5. In any case, the main interest of the paper is not the computations itself but both to provide new strategies to find out properties of Lie algebras and to exemplify a suitable technique to be used in classifications for larger dimensions.
On the weak limit of compact operators on the reproducing kernel Hilbert space and related questions
Authors: Saltan Suna
Published: September 2017

By applying the so-called Berezin symbols method we prove a Gohberg- Krein type theorem on the weak limit of compact operators on the non- standard reproducing kernel Hilbert space which essentially improves the similar results of Karaev [5]: We also in terms of reproducing kernels and Berezin symbols investigate the structure of invariant subspaces of compact operators.
Analysis of the energy decay of a viscoelasticity type equation
Authors: Atallah-Baraket Amel , Trabelsi Maryem
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we study the evolution of the energy density of a sequence of solutions of a problem related to a viscoelasticity model where the viscosity term is a pseudo-differential operator of order 2α with α ∈ (0, 1). We calculate the weak limit of the energy density in terms of microlocal defect measures and under special assumption we prove that the viscosity term prevents propagation of concentration and oscillation effects contrary to what happens in the wave equation.
Ostrowski Via a Two Functions Pompeiu's Inequality
Authors: Dragomir Silvestru Sever
Published: September 2017

In this paper, some generalizations of Pompeiu's inequality for two complex-valued absolutely continuous functions are provided. They are applied to obtain some new Ostrowski type results. Reverses for the integral Cauchy-Bunyakovsky-Schwarz inequality are provided as well.
Polynomial Harmonic Decompositions
Authors: Anghel Nicolae
Published: September 2017

For real polynomials in two indeterminates a classical polynomial harmonic decomposition (cf. (1) below) is extended from square-norm divisors to conic ones. The main result is then applied to obtain a full polynomial harmonic decomposition, and to solve a Dirichlet problem with polynomial boundary data.
On continuous dependence for the mixed problem of microstretch bodies
Authors: Marin M. , Abbas I. , Cârstea C.
Published: September 2017

We do a qualitative study on the mixed initial-boundary value problem in the elastodynamic theory of microstretch bodies. After we trans- form this problem in a temporally evolutionary equation on a Hilbert space, we will use some results from the theory of semigroups of linear operators in order to prove the continuous dependence of the solutions upon initial data and supply terms.
Isomorphism theorems of fuzzy hypermodules
Authors: Norouzi Morteza , Leoreanu-Fotea Violeta
Published: September 2017

In this paper we define and study a new class of subfuzzy hypermodules of a fuzzy hypermodule that we call normal subfuzzy hypermodules. The connection between hypermodules and fuzzy hypermodules can be used as a tool for proving results in fuzzy hypermodules. In this manner we analyse three isomorphism theorems for fuzzy hypermodules.
Classification of contact structures associated with the CR-structure of the complex indicatrix
Authors: Popovici Elena
Published: September 2017

By regarding the complex indicatrix as an embedded CR-hypersurface of the holomorphic tangent bundle in a fixed point, we analyze some aspects of the relations between its CR structure and the considered contact structure. Moreover, using the classification of the almost contact metric structures associated with a strongly pseudo-convex CR-structure, of D. Chinea and C. Gonzales, we determine the classes corresponding to the natural contact structure of the complex indicatrix and the new structures obtained under a gauge transformation.
On BI-Algebras
Authors: Saeid Arsham Borumand , Kim Hee Sik , Rezaei Akbar
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we introduce a new algebra, called a BI-algebra, which is a generalization of a (dual) implication algebra and we discuss the basic properties of BI-algebras, and investigate ideals and congruence relations.
Hardness Evolution and High Temperature Mechanical Properties of Laser Welded DP980 Steel Joints
Authors: Wan Zhandong , Guo Wei , Jia Qiang , Xu Lang , Peng Peng
Published: September 2017

DP980 steels were joined using fiber laser welding. The welded joint was characterized in terms of hardness distribution and tensile behavior at room temperature, 150 ℃, and 300 ℃, respectively. The fine-grained martensite in supercritical heat affected zone (HAZ) resulted in the highest hardness (428 Hv), while the tempered martensite contributed to the hardness decreasing (‒31 Hv). Both the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the base metal and welded joint decreased at 150 ℃, and then increased at 300 ℃ due to dynamic strain aging (DSA). The welded joint exhibited slightly higher yield strength and lower elongation at all the test temperatures compared to base metal due to the hardened fusion zone. The energy absorption reduced slightly with increasing temperature both for base metal and welded joint, and the weld posed a minor effect on the energy absorption. Deformation was one of the requirements for DSA effect. DSA enhanced the hardness of base metal (+78 Hv) and softened zone (+53 Hv). HAZ was not softened enough to become the weakest position during tensile test.
Equity versus equality norms of justice and organisational commitment: the moderating role of gender
Authors: Ramamoorthy Nagarajan , Stringer Donna
Published: September 2017

In the current study, using a sample of 467 employees from Ireland, we examined the effects of distributive justice perceptions, based on equity versus equality principles, on two forms of employee commitment: affective and normative. Furthermore, we also tested whether employees’ gender moderated the relationships between these two distributive justice perceptions and the two forms of commitment. Results indicated that equity perceptions positively influenced both forms of commitment and equality perceptions positively influenced only normative commitment. Additionally, results revealed that women reported greater affective and normative commitments than men when equity perceptions were higher than when they were lower. Gender did not moderate the relationship between equality perceptions and normative commitment. Women, however, reported lower affective commitment than men when equality perceptions were lower; there were no differences between men and women on affective commitment when equality perceptions were higher. Implications are discussed.
Finite $\smash{p}$\hbox{-}groups of conjugate type {1,p
3}
Authors: Naik Tushar Kanta , Yadav Manoj K.
Published: September 2017

We classify finite p-groups, up to isoclinism, which have only two conjugacy class sizes 1 and

p
3

{p^{3}}

. It turns out that the nilpotency class of such groups is 2.
Imaging of buried objects from multi-frequency experimental data using a globally convergent inversion method
Authors: Nguyen Dinh-Liem , Klibanov Michael V. , Nguyen Loc H. , Fiddy Michael A.
Published: September 2017

This paper is concerned with the numerical solution to a three-dimensional coefficient
inverse problem for buried objects with multi-frequency experimental data.
The measured data, which are associated with a single direction of an incident
plane wave, are backscatter data for targets buried in a sandbox.
These raw scattering data were collected using a microwave scattering facility at the University
of North Carolina at Charlotte.
We develop a data preprocessing procedure and
exploit a newly developed globally convergent inversion method for solving the
inverse problem with these preprocessed data.
It is shown that dielectric constants of the buried targets as well as their
locations are reconstructed with a very good accuracy. We also prove a new analytical
result which rigorously justifies an important step of the so-called
“data propagation” procedure.
Rigorous upper bounds on data complexities of block cipher cryptanalysis
Authors: Samajder Subhabrata , Sarkar Palash
Published: September 2017

Statistical analysis of symmetric key attacks aims to obtain an expression for the data complexity which is the number of plaintext-ciphertext pairs needed to achieve the parameters of the attack. Existing statistical analyses invariably use some kind of approximation, the most common being the approximation of the distribution of a sum of random variables by a normal distribution. Such an approach leads to expressions for data complexities which are
Das Tor nach Sub-Sahara Afrika? Kapstadts Potenzial als Gateway City für den Öl- und Gassektor
Authors: Scholvin Sören
Published: September 2017

Aufstrebende Wirtschaftsmächte sind Impulsgeber für den Globalen Süden. Weltstädte in diesen Ländern binden periphere Standorte in globale Güterketten ein und ermöglichen somit dort wirtschaftliche Entwicklung. In diesem Artikel wird das Konzept der „Gateway Cities“ entworfen und am Beispiel Kapstadts und des Öl- und Gassektors veranschaulicht. Konzepte, die den drei Ds – Density, Distance und Division – aus dem Weltentwicklungsbericht 2009 zugrunde liegen, sowie Linkages bilden den Ausgangspunkt, um die Rolle von Gateway Cities zu erklären.
Design and Applications of Sensitive Enzyme Immunoassays Specific for Clostridial Enoate Reductases
Authors: Krause Günter , Simon Helmut
Published: September 2017

Rabbit antisera raised against purified enoate reductase from Clostridium tyrobutyricum (DSM 1460) and horse-radish peroxidase-conjugated staphylococcal protein A or anti-rabbit immuno­ globulin G, respectively, were used to develop enzyme immunoassays. Sensitivity limits of the assay are about 250 pg antigen if the enzyme immunoassays are performed on membrane filters and examined visually, and 20 pg for tests in aqueous solution with spectrophotometrical evalua­tion. The procedures were applied for dot and Western blots as well as colony lifts. Immunologi­ cal distances between enoate reductases from different Clostridia were determined and the amounts of antigen present in bacterial crude extracts were estimated. In crude extracts of C. thermoaceticum a protein of approximately the size of the enoate reductase and its subunits from C. tyrobutyricum was immunologically detected. Gel filtration chromatography of identically pretreated crude extracts from C. thermoaceticum and C. tyrobuty­ricum produced immunological signals at similar molecular weights and revealed a lesser tendency of the presumed thermophilic enoatereductase from C. thermoaceticum to disintegrate into its subunits and fragments as compared to its mesophilic counterpart.
Survey of the Plant Kingdom for the Ability to Bind Heavy Metals through Phytochelatins
Authors: Gekeler Walter , Grill Erwin , Winnacker Ernst-Ludwig , Zenk Meinhart H.
Published: September 2017

Differentiated plants and suspension cultures of the taxonomic divisions Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, and Spermatophyta have been investigated as to their ability to detoxify heavy metals like Cd2+ through the formation of (γ-Glu -Cys)n-Giy peptides, the phytochelatins. Over 200 individual plants have been checked and there was not a single exception observed. Only in the order Fabales several species mainly of the tribus Fabaceae form upon exposure to Cd2+ ions peptides of the general structure (γ-Glu-Cys)n -β-Ala, the homo-phytochelatins. The existence of glutathione and homo-glutathione within a given species determines whether phytochelatins or their homo-derivatives are formed. The ability to form phytochelatins for metal homeostasis and metal detoxification is a principal feature of plant metabolism .
Sulphate Assimilation in Higher Plants: A Thioredoxin-Dependent PAPS-Reductase from Spinach Leaves
Authors: Schwenn J. D.
Published: September 2017

Higher plant leaf protein was investigated for the enzyme activity catalyzing a thioredoxin-dependent reduction of 3'-phosphoadenylylsulphate (PAPS) to sulphite. The enzyme became detectable when heterologous thioredoxin from Escherichia coli was used substituting for the hitherto unidentified plant thioredoxin. The enzyme's cross-reactivity with heterologous thioredo­ xin enabled the partial purification and brief characterization. The molecular weight of the en­ zyme as estimated by HPLC size exclusion and gel filtration was 68-72 k. The protein reduced PAPS only when thioredoxin was present as cosubstrate. The function of this enzyme in the assimilation of inorganic sulphate by higher plants is discussed in comparison to the function of the respective enzymes from Escherichia coli and Saccharom yces cerevisiae.
Muscle Hypertrophy: A Narrative Review on Training Principles for Increasing Muscle Mass
Authors: Howe Louis P. , Read Paul , Waldron Mark
Published: September 2017

DEVELOPING MUSCLE CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA HAS THE POTENTIAL TO ENHANCE PERFORMANCE FOR MANY ATHLETES. BECAUSE EMERGING EVIDENCE CHALLENGES TRADITIONAL BELIEFS REGARDING THE PRESCRIPTION OF HYPERTROPHY-FOCUSED TRAINING PROGRAMS, THIS REVIEW PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT LITERATURE RELATING, SPECIFICALLY, TO PROGRAMMING VARIABLES. EVIDENCE-BASED RECOMMENDATIONS ARE PROVIDED FOR THE DESIGN OF EFFECTIVE RESISTANCE-TRAINING PROGRAMS, WITH THE GOAL OF INCREASING AN ATHLETE'S SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS.
Quantification of Training Load and Training Response for Improving Athletic Performance
Authors: Campbell Bill I. , Bove Daniel , Ward Patrick , Vargas Andres , Dolan Jeff
Published: September 2017

ONE IMPORTANT RESPONSIBILITY OF A STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACH IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TRAINING PROGRAM THAT ENHANCES PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITIES, WITH THE GOAL OF IMPROVING ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE. TO ACHIEVE THIS GOAL, COACHES DESIGN TRAINING PROGRAMS THAT SUCCESSFULLY APPROPRIATE AND MANAGE TRAINING VOLUME AND INTENSITY DURING THE ATHLETE'S OFFSEASON, PRESEASON, AND IN-SEASON PERIODS. BY QUANTIFYING TRAINING LOADS AND RESPONSES, COACHES CAN BETTER PRESCRIBE TRAINING STIMULI WHILE ALSO MANAGING STRESS LEVELS. ATHLETE-MONITORING STRATEGIES PROVIDE A WAY FOR STRENGTH COACHES TO GATHER USEFUL INFORMATION REGARDING TRAINING DEMANDS AND ATHLETE FATIGUE.
Enhanced Nociception in Angelman Syndrome Model Mice
Authors: McCoy Eric S. , Taylor-Blake Bonnie , Aita Megumi , Simon Jeremy M. , Philpot Benjamin D. , Zylka Mark J.
Published: September 2017

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutation or deletion of the maternalUBE3Aallele. The maternalUBE3Aallele is expressed in nearly all neurons of the brain and spinal cord, whereas the paternalUBE3Aallele is repressed by an extremely long antisense transcript (UBE3A-ATS). Little is known about expression ofUBE3Ain the peripheral nervous system, where loss of maternalUBE3Amight contribute to AS phenotypes. Here we sought to examine maternal and paternalUbe3aexpression in DRGs neurons and to evaluate whether nociceptive responses were affected in AS model mice (global deletion of maternalUbe3aallele;Ube3am−/p+). We found that most large-diameter proprioceptive and mechanosensitive DRG neurons expressed maternalUbe3aand paternalUbe3a-ATS. In contrast, most small-diameter neurons expressedUbe3abiallelically and had low to undetectable levels ofUbe3a-ATS. Analysis of single-cell DRG transcriptomes further suggested thatUbe3ais expressed monoallelically in myelinated large-diameter neurons and biallelically in unmyelinated small-diameter neurons. Behavioral responses to some noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli were enhanced in male and female AS model mice; however, nociceptive responses were not altered by the conditional deletion of maternalUbe3ain the DRG. These data suggest that the enhanced nociceptive responses in AS model mice are due to loss of maternalUbe3ain the central, but not peripheral, nervous system. Our study provides new insights into sensory processing deficits associated with AS.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAngelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss or mutation of the maternalUBE3Aallele. While sensory processing deficits are frequently associated with AS, it is currently unknown whetherUbe3ais expressed in peripheral sensory neurons or whether maternal deletion ofUbe3aaffects somatosensory responses. Here, we found thatUbe3ais primarily expressed from the maternally inherited allele in myelinated large-diameter sensory neurons and biallelically expressed in unmyelinated small-diameter neurons. Nociceptive responses to select noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli were enhanced following global, but not sensory neuron-specific, deletion of maternalUbe3ain mice. These data suggest that maternal loss ofUbe3aaffects nociception via a central, but not peripheral mechanism, with implications for AS.