bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiencia para la actualización continua del plan de estudio de Bibliotecología y Gestión de la Información, de la Escuela de Bibliotecología, Documentación e Información de la Universidad Nacional en 2022
Authors: Montero Bustabad Pedro
Published: May 2024

An investigation was carried out with the objective of defining the main national and international trends in the labor market for the continuous updating of the current study plan, contributing to the graduation of the graduates of the career as part of the research project Continuous updating of the career of Library Science and Information Management of the National University linked to the Program of Quality Assurance and continuous improvement of the Library Science and Information Management career of the National University of the School of Library Science, Documentation and Information (EBDI) of the Universidad Nacional in Costa Rica. This descriptive academic exercise was carried out with a mixed approach considering the following variables: main labor trends at the national level, main labor trends at the international level, current professional profile and a 10-year projection, current occupational profile and a projection to 10 years. This implied the treatment of a variety of kinds of information sources and the application of a series of qualitative and quantitative research techniques and instruments for the
Ética digital: Dilema u oportunidad en las organizaciones de educación superior inteligentes
Authors: Corrales Escalante Xinia
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this essay is to generate thinking on digital ethics as an essential agent to promote values, principles, and practices in higher education organizations and to stimulate healthy and safe digital behaviors in the people involved in the educational act, for an appropriate use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). For this purpose, an analysis of the relationship between ICT and ethics is presented, which will constitute an opportunity to establish human relations in universities based on respect, justice, inclusion, transparency, and responsibility, for the benefit of a complex, technologically active, and impacted society by the COVID-19 coronavirus disease pandemic. It begins with a technological description of the global and local reality, then some theoretical and practical elements related to intelligent organizations, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), are explained. In addition, digital ethics is approached from a theoretical approach, considering whether this is a dilemma or an opportunity to generate change from the perspective of intelligent organizations. Finally, a proposal is provided with guidelines to promote digital ethics in universities that contribute to a healthy coexistence focused on the common good, with the use of digital technologies.
Peculiarities of the principles of criminal and administrative law during the provision of the right to education in the conditions of the introduction of martial law: legal regulation and international standards
Authors: Chorna Alina , Leheza Yevhen , Merdova Olha , Vlasenko Denys , Davlatov Shavkat
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the research is to consider the essence of principles of criminal law and the particularities of their implementation under conditions of war. It has been substantiated that the main idea of criminal law principles consists of their systematic, balanced, comprehensive performance in relation to subjects of criminal legal concerns. The mentioned principles apply to law-making and law enforcement, both in peacetime and wartime. The methodological basis of the research is presented as comparative-legal and systematic analysis, formal-legal method, interpretation method, hermeneutic method, and methods of analysis and synthesis. A conclusion has been made about the necessity to observe human rights standards in prosecuting persons who have committed crimes against humanity and have been involved in such crimes. The civilized world must meet civilized standards and ensure security through civilized means.
Realizing Restorative Justice Through Rehabilitation For Narcotics Abuse As An Implementation Of The Principle Of Dominus Litis
Authors: Kania Dede , Anggraeniko Litya Surisdani
Published: May 2024

Rehabilitation is one form of restorative justice in Indonesia's criminal justice system. The rehabilitation practice also able to reach drug abusers. The condition of correctional institutions that are overcapacity is the reason for the importance of alternative punishment for narcotics cases. On the other hand, narcotics is the category of victimless crimes, so the victims and perpetrators must be protected to reduce other impacts. This research uses the juridical-normative method by studying legislation and principles of criminal law. The results represent that the prosecutor's office has an important role in realising restorative justice in drug cases based on the dominus litis principle. The use of rehabilitation is limited to drug abusers who commit criminal acts against themselves. It is still necessary to reorient the policy of terminating cases of narcotics abuse by the prosecutor's office so that the implementation of rehabilitation is truly compatible with the principle of victim protection in punishment.
Endowment Sukuk (Shares) to Finance Scientific Services in Universities (A Comparative law Study)
Authors: Eid Bleek Adel Abdel-Fadel
Published: May 2024

The endowment was one of the most important means of scientific, intellectual and cultural progress for the Islamic countries throughout the years of our civilization; as it contributed to building the edifices of science and culture, and publishing them through mosques, schools, institutes and libraries. A large group of scholars, innovators, and researchers graduated from these endowment scientific institutions in various branches of human and cultural knowledge. Today, the endowment plays a prominent leading role in the scientific renaissance and knowledge advancement in the Islamic society. Also, many universities in Islamic and non-Islamic countries rely on the endowment to finance their scientific and research activities, and to raise the level of their research, researchers, and graduates. This study aims to clarify the importance of endowment Sukuk to provide cash liquidity for educational services, and to provide the necessary tools for these services, and the possibility of providing scientific competencies specialized in the various fields of teaching and scientific research, to contribute to scientific and social progress. This research study also combines the deductive and inductive approaches, in addition to following the comparative jurisprudential research methodology, by studying, analyzing and deducing in the light of the writings of scholars and researchers.
Indian Judiciary on Domestic Violence: Decoding Recent Trend
Authors: Yadav Maneesh , Sahil Gurudev , Yadav Pratistha , Goel Ayush
Published: May 2024

The stark malignancy of domestic violence which is also referred as intimate partner violence on the state of women hood can be determined by the prevalence of it in the present society. It bears to push women to the brink and fringes of deemed societal ladders.  The brunt of domestic violence lead to exploitation of women be it in the form of physical or be it mental and occurs chiefly in their matrimonial homes. The detrimental effect of this abuse and exploitation regrettably imprints itself not only on the suffering females but to the entire family including children which in turn causes monetary, health and societal issue and concerns.  What separates domestic violence from other crimes and abuses is that in Domestic violence there is familial interrelatedness and hence the victim is a known of the complainant. In contrast to the modern trends of raising the bar of rights for women the domestic violence is considered as a major road block and its waning as precursor for the society to bring female rights at par. However, on the other spectrum an alarming fact has been observed by the judiciary about the registration of sham cases against the husband or his family members or both for the purposes of harassment or extorting money. To carry off the said object the complaints are registered by overstating the facts, by addition of conjectures, overplaying the financial conditions of the husband or his family and misrepresenting relevant facts and materials. The supreme court opined in Rajesh Sharma v. State of U.P. that the bulk of the cases are filed impetuously and over trifling matters.   To comprehend the say of Indian judiciary on instances of false domestic violence and sham complaints registered by the complainant, secondary data-based research is conducted. Landmark Judgement from the apex court and different High Courts are also analyzed. Endeavor has been made to appreciate the liabilities and legal rights of both the parties in the cases of intimate partner violence which is perpetrated towards one another.
Red Book: 2024–2027 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases
Authors:   Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: May 2024

For more than 85 years, health care professionals have “referred to the Red Book” for trustworthy guidance on pediatric infectious disease prevention, management, and control. The new 33rd edition continues this tradition of distinction with the latest clinical guidance on the manifestations, etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of more than 200 childhood infectious diseases. Available for purchase at https://www.aap.org/Red-Book-2024-Report-of-the-Committee-on-Infectious-Diseases-33rd-Edition-Paperback. [Note: Some users may have access to the Red Book Online site individually or through your institution. Access Red Book Online at https://publications.aap.org/redbook. Updates and Errata to this edition of Red Book are available at https://publications.aap.org/redbook/resources/15805.]
Antireflux Procedures in Children With Neurologic Impairment: A National Survey of Physician Perspectives
Authors: Dewan Tammie , Avinashi Vishal , Beaudry Paul , Doré-Bergeron Marie-Joëlle , Gaucher Nathalie , Nelson Kate
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

Decision-making about antireflux procedures (ARPs) to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease in children with neurologic impairment and gastrostomy tubes is challenging and likely influenced by physicians’ experience and perspectives. This study will explore physician attitudes about ARPs and determine if there are relationships to clinical practice and personal characteristics.

METHODS

This is a national observational cross-sectional study that used an electronic questionnaire addressing reported practice, attitudes regarding the ARPs, and responses to clinical vignettes. Participants were physicians in Canadian tertiary-care pediatric settings. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze physician attitudes. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to determine associations between physician and practice characteristics and likelihood to consider ARP.

RESULTS

Eighty three respondents represented 12 institutions, with a majority from general or complex care pediatrics. There was a wide disparity between likelihood to consider ARP in each clinical scenario. Likelihood to consider ARP ranged from to 19% to 78% depending on the scenario. Two scenarios were equally split in whether the respondent would offer an ARP. None of the demographic characteristics were significantly associated with likelihood to consider ARP. Often, gastrojejunostomy tubes alone were considered (56% to 68%).

CONCLUSIONS

There is considerable variability in physician attitudes toward and recommendations regarding ARPs to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease. We did not find a significant association with clinical experience or location of practice. More research is needed to define indications and outcomes for ARPs. This is a scenario where shared decision-making, bringing together physician and family knowledge and expertise, is likely the best course of action.
Photosynthetic potential of Malus domestica columnar group
Authors: Havryliuk O. S. , Kondratenko T. Y. , Mezhenskyj V. M. , Shevchuk L. M. , Baranovska O. D. , Tonkha O. L. , Litvinov D. V. , Mazur B. M.
Published: May 2024

Productivity is one of the primary economic and biological characteristics of an apple tree variety; it is this characteristic that determines the value and economic feasibility of the variety. The photosynthetic activity of the leaf surface of plants plays a leading role in forming the potential productivity of the apple tree. By "potential productivity," we mean the productivity of plants under conditions of ideal agroenvironment, optimal nutrition, and absence of diseases. To diagnose the potential productivity of cultivars we used an indicator of chlorophyll fluorescence induction–induction coefficient (Кі). According to our data, the Кі of leaves of columnar cultivars ranged from 0.720 to 0.740, indicating a high level of efficiency of photophysical processes near the photosystem II (PS II) reaction centers. For plants of columnar cultivars, the viability index ranged from 1.78 to 2.19. It has been established that individual age sections of tree trunks form different productivity potentials. Thus, based on the chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence induction index, a higher intensity of photosynthesis was observed in the leaves of the cultivars ‘Valuta’, ‘Favoryt’, and ‘Bilosnizhka’ on seven to nine-year-old trunks. In contrast, for ‘Tantsivnytsia’, the highest intensity was observed on the oldest spur formation (14–19 years old). In traditional apple cultivars, the intensity of photosynthesis, as indicated by Кі, decreased with the age of spur formation; however, such a decline was not observed in columnar cultivars. The leaves of plants from the traditional cultivar ‘Idared’, situated on a homogeneous shoot, exhibited the highest photosynthetic intensity based on the F680γt / F680βt light intensity. Conversely, in the leaves of three-year-old spur formations, a 25.3% decrease in photosynthetic intensity was observed, falling to a 45.7% decrease in six-year-olds. With the optimal combination of agroecological factors for columnar cultivars, stability in the photosynthetic potential across various complex spur formations is observed. In typical apple cultivars, the age of spur formation leads to a suppression of photosynthetic intensity. The cultivar ‘Bilosnizhka’ is characterized by the highest Chl a/ Chl b content, indicating lower adaptability. In the leaves of this cultivar, the amount of Chl a exceeded Chl b by three times; in contrast, in the cultivars ‘Sparta’ and ‘Tantsivnytsia’, the difference was 2.5 times higher. This value (2.5x) correlates with increased adaptability to the conditions in which they were studied. The highest level of leaf net productivity of photosynthesis (NPP) is observed in plants of the ‘Valuta’ cultivar (13.9 g/m² for day); in the cultivars ‘Bilosnizhka’, ‘Favoryt’, ‘Bolero’, ‘Sparta’, ‘Tantsivnytsia’, and ‘Papirovka’, the accumulation of dry matter is lowered by 32.6–40.6%.
The content of leukocytes in the blood of recipient rabbits after allogeneic transfusion of packed red blood cells
Authors: Malyuk M. О. , Yehorov O. V. , Kharkevych I. O. , Klymchuk V. V. , Savchuk T. L.
Published: May 2024

Researching how the immune system reacts to stimuli such as blood transfusion of alloantigens on models of different species of laboratory animals, in particular rabbits, is important for understanding the mechanisms through which post-transfusion reactions develop. In this study, we identified the absolute and relative contents of white blood cells in blood of the recipient rabbits, and also their subpopulations after allogenic transfusion of packed red blood cells (pRBCs). Allogeneic transfusion of pRBCs without leukoreduction was conducted once, in the calculation of 5.5 mL/kg of body mass of the experimental animals. The material for the studies were samples of blood serum, collected from 5 rabbits on the 3rd, 7th, and 23rd days after pRBC administration. Allogeneic transfusion of pRBCs to the recipient rabbits caused development of leukocytosis in their blood: compared with the initial condition, the absolute content of leukocytes in the blood of the experimental animals increased 27.0% on the 3rd day after transfusion, equaling 8.94 109/L; 40.1% on the 7th day, accounting for 9.86 109/L; and 34.1% on the 23rd day, measuring 9.44 109/L. Leukocytosis resulted from increased content of granulocytes in the blood compared with the initial state: the absolute content of granulocytes surged 66.9% on the 3rd day after transfusion, measuring 4.54 109/L, 2.21-fold on the 7th day, equaling 6.02 109/L, and 1.87-fold on the 23rd day, equaling 5.08 109/L. Allogeneic transfusion of pRBCs to the recipient rabbits caused decrease in the relative content of Т-lymphocytes and increase in the content of В-lymphocytes in their blood. Compared with the initial condition, the relative content of Т-lymphocytes in the blood of the experimental animals declined 20.6% on the 3rd day of the study, accounting for 58.0%; 30.1% on the 7th day, equaling 51.0%; and 25.8% on the 23rd day, equaling 54.2%. Compared with the initial state, the relative content of В-lymphocytes spiked 94.7% on the 3rd day of the study, measuring 22.2%, 2.23-fold on the 7th day, accounting for 25.4%, and 2.51-fold on the 23rd day, equaling 28.6%.
Erectile dysfunction and quality of life of men affected by hostilities in the Russian-Ukrainian war
Authors: Vorobets D. Z. , Fafula R. V. , Chaplyk V. V. , Vorobets M. Z. , Onufrovych O. K. , Besedina A. S. , Vorobets Z. D.
Published: May 2024

Erectile dysfunction and the associated quality of life are a pressing social and medical problem for millions of people. The basis of the work was the results of a survey of 298 men injured as a result of combat operations (shrapnel and bullet wounds) using the questionnaires of the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) and the SF-36 Health Status Survey (SF-36) questionnaire to characterize the quality of life. The research group was divided into two: men aged 20-39 years (group 1) and men aged 40-53 years (group 2). The control group consisted of 48 clinically healthy men without complaints of sexual dysfunction or cardiac, neurological or endocrinological pathology. It is shown that men aged 20-39 years have a mild form of ED where the total score is 19.57 ± 0.44. Men of the 2nd group aged 40-53 years also have a mild form of ED, but the total score is much lower and is 17.74 ± 0.41. Patients of both age groups affected by hostilities suffer from both mental and physical health components. Indicators such as general health, role functioning due to physical condition, and pain intensity have probably lower values compared to the contol group. Lower indicators of role functioning due to physical condition indicate limitations in everyday life due to unsatisfactory physical condition. The decrease in the physical functioning index has statistically significant differences only in patients of the 2nd observed group. Thus, a mild form of erectile dysfunction is observed in men injured as a result of hostilities. No significant differences in the severity of erectile dysfunction were found between male war victims of two age groups. All IIEF-5 domains were significantly reduced in men affected by combat operations. It has been proven that the physical and mental components of health suffer in victims of hostilities. Against the background of a decrease in all indicators on the scales of the physical component of health, general health and role functioning caused by physical condition lag behind the most. In the psychological domain, the most pronounced changes are recorded in such components as mental health, vital activity and social functioning. Сorrelation analysis revealed the significant correlation between physical functioning and role functioning caused by emotional state (r = +0.64; P < 0.05).
Erucic acid treatment in lipopolysaccharide-induced anxiety and depression using ADMET properties / behaviour paradigms / interleukins pathways in rats
Authors: Sayyed N. , Hafeez A. , Kumar U. , Deva V. , Ahmad S. , Kazmi I.
Published: May 2024

The neuroimmune system plays a vital role in the etiology of anxiety and depression. In the current research, the aim was to investigate erucic acid's ability to counteract depression and anxiety induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. Erucic acid is known to have anti-inflammatory properties, and it was hypothesized that it would be able to reduce the inflammation and stress associated with LPS-induced anxiety and depression. The rats were distributed into five groups (n = 6). The impact of erucic acid with the dose administration of 10 and 20 mg/kg on anxiety depression-like behaviour was studied using the elevated plus maze test, staircase test, marble-burying behaviour, open field test, hyper emotionality, force swimming, and tail suspension test. Also, the biochemical parameters including cytokines i.e., interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 were performed. Swiss ADME, pkCSM, and ProTox-II served as as an integrated online platform for precise and complete predictions to determine ADME/T properties of erucic acid. LPS significantly increased anxiety and depression-like behaviour in rats. Erucic acid reduced the lengthening in time of immobility on LPS administration in the tail suspension test and forced swim test indicating the antidepressant type of action. Anti-anxiety effects of erucic acid were increased time spent in the open arms in the elevated plus maze test, decreased repetitive behaviors in the staircase test, marble-burying, and hyper emotionality tests. The high LD50 value (1.382) indicates that erucic acid is relatively non-toxic in acute oral exposures in rats. Erucic acid also prevented LPS-induced elevation of IL-6 and restored the IL-10 levels. It was demonstrated that erucic acid significantly attenuates LPS-induced depression and anxiety in rats. These findings suggest that erucic acid has potential antidepressant and anxiolytic effects, possibly through modulation of the neuroimmune system and inflammatory response. Erucic acid may be beneficial for neuropharmacological effects like anxiety and depression. Additionally, erucic acid may have potential benefits in treating other neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Further research is needed to better understand the potential therapeutic applications of erucic acid in neurological disorders.
Bleomycin-induced modulations of PARP 1 activity, NAD+ and PARG content in rat lung nuclei
Authors: Artsruni I. G. , Asatryan A. L. , Matinyan K. S.
Published: May 2024

Bleomycin-induced lung pathology in rodents is a well recognized animal model widely used for evaluation of new therapeutic approaches in treatment of lung inflammation and fibrotic diseases. It is documented that poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 activity has a significant role in development of inflammatory processes in the heart, liver and brain. Herein, we used biochemical and immunochemical methods for estimation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP 1) activity, NAD+ and poly(ADP-ribose)glycohydrolase (PARG) protein content in rat lung nuclei during the inflammatory phase in a bleomycin-induced one-hit rat model. To evaluate the influence of bleomycin – induced alterations in DNA structure on regulation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 activation pathways, we isolated DNA from nuclei of lung tissues in the phase of acute lung inflammation induced by bleomycin, and DNA melting profiles were investigated. In the present study we investigated whether naturally occurring water-soluble polyphenol tannic acid with widely accepted anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects can influence poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 activity, NAD+ and poly(ADP-ribose)glycohydrolase protein content in nuclear fraction isolated from rat lung tissues in a bleomycin-induced acute lung injury model. It was demonstrated that NAD+ level and poly(ADP-ribose)glycohydrolase protein content decreased in rat lung nuclei during the inflammatory phase in the bleomycin-induced acute lung injury model. Treatment of rats with tannic acid enhanced the effects displayed by bleomycin in lung nuclei, thus indicating synergistic interaction with the drug in the field covering PARP 1 activity, poly(ADP-ribose)glycohydrolase (PARG) protein and NAD+ content in lung nuclei. We observed PARP 1 inhibition in nuclei of lung tissue during the inflammatory phase in the bleomycin-induced acute lung injury rat model, which could be coupled with the drop of NAD+ level in nuclei. In the present study we highlighted that bleomycin (BLM) can induce DNA destabilization in lung nuclei. It was proposed that bleomycin-induced modulations in DNA structure could hamper PARP 1 binding with DNA and down-regulate the enzyme activating pathway in lung nuclei. The role of poly(ADP-ribose)glycohydrolase depletion in lung nuclei and sequential accumulation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymers in lung cells, which triggers their destruction and tissues damage, was proposed. It is suggested that in the light of synergistic interaction between bleomycin and tannic acid (TA) the anti-inflammatory role of tannic acid should be repurposed.
Antibacterial and anthelmintic activities of Xanthium strumarium (Asteraceae) extracts
Authors: Zazharskyi V. V. , Brygadyrenko V. V. , Boyko O. O. , Bilan M. V. , Zazharska N. M.
Published: May 2024

Plants of the Asteraceae family are broadly used against microorganisms pathogenic to people and animals, although their potential has not been studied completely so far. In an in vitro experiment, we tested ethanolic, ethyl-ether, and dimethyl-sulfoxide extracts from the fruits, leaves, shoots, and roots of Xanthium strumarium L. for their effects on 13 species of bacteria and larvae of 3 species of nematodes. Over-8-mm-wide growth-inhibition zones of the colonies around disks saturated with ethanolic extracts from the fruits were observed for 11 bacteria: Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumonia ssp. rhinoscleromatis, K. pneumonia ssp. ozaenae, K. aerogenes, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. Ethanol extract from the leaves inhibited growth of the colonies of 10 bacteria: E. cloacae, K. pneumonia ssp. rhinoscleromatis, K. pneumonia ssp. ozaenae, S. enterica, E. coli, Proteus vulgaris, E. faecalis, E. faecium, S. aureus, and B. subtilis. Ethanol extract from the stem inhibited growth of the colonies of only 6 bacteria: K. aerogenes, E. cloacae, P. vulgaris, E. faecium, S. aureus, and B. subtilis. Ethanol extract from the root inhibited growth of 10 bacteria: E. cloacae, K. pneumonia ssp. rhinoscleromatis, K. pneumonia ssp. ozaenae, K. aerogenes, S. enterica, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. faecalis, E. faecium, and S. aureus. We analyzed the effects of extracts based on ethyl ether and dimethyl sulfoxide, finding no antiparasitic activity or expressed anthelmintic properties of various extracts from the fruits, leaves, stem, and roots of X. strumarium against larvae of the nematodes Strongyloides papillosus, Haemonchus contortus, and Muellerius capillaris.
Meat productivity and quality of meat and liver of broiler chickens after consuming diet with mineral supplements containing chelates of cuprum, iron, zinc, and manganese
Authors: Razanova O. P. , Ohorodnichuk G. M. , Holubenko T. L. , Skoromna O. I. , Novgorodska N. V. , Solomon A. M. , Ovsienko S. M.
Published: May 2024

Poultry farming plays an important role as a producer of high-quality animal protein, which can solve issues of protein deficit among the population. Genetic growth potential of broiler chickens can be maximized through regular supply of microelements, especially chelate aminoacids. Those compounds improve metabolic processes in the body and increase increments in live mass and slaughter-yield of meat. The main objective of the study was identifying effects of mineral supplements with chelate microminerals on meat productivity of broiler chickens, quality of breast and thigh muscles, and content of mineral compounds in meat and liver. The studies were carried out on Kobb-500 broiler chickens, divided into three groups, each comprising 25 individuals. The experiment lasted from day 1 to day 42 of raising poultry. Broilers of the control group received the basic diet balanced in nutrients; the diet of birds of the second group was supplemented with Kronotsyd-L with chelates of copper, iron, zinc, and manganese in calculation of 0.25 mL/L of water, and chickens of the third consumed a diet with copper glycinate in calculation of 0.30 mL/L of water. Subject to mineral supplements with chelate microelements, the chickens had the highest mean-daily increments of live mass, slaughter yield, and yield of breast muscles. Use of mineral supplements in the diet of broiler chickens affected the quality of their meat, in particular its chemical composition. Those supplements led to changes in mineral composition of meat, influencing the concentrations of individual minerals in the tissues of the birds. Since minerals are important components of protein metabolism, the supplements augmented the content of dry matter and protein in meat. In the broiler chickens that had been receiving copper glycinate, the breast muscles had statistically significant increases in the mass shares of dry matter and protein. We found decrease in the content of fat in the breast and thigh muscles and the liver subject to copper glycinate and Kronotsyd-L with chelates of copper, iron, zinc, and manganese. This indicates improvement of the quality of meat and the liver. Use of mineral supplements with chelated microelements increased the ash content in dry matter because of higher concentrations of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese.
Methods of assessing emissions of contaminants from sties into the air
Authors: Boiko О. V. , Nebylytsja M. S. , Honchar О. F. , Osokina T. G. , Lesyk Y. V. , Gutyj B. V.
Published: May 2024

Provision of competitiveness in the sphere of animal farming in Ukraine requires the introduction of innovative systems of technological support involving modern microprocessor control-measurement systems and devices. The method of continuous automatic record of emissions of contaminants from animal premises reveals patterns in emissions of the main air contaminants and allows their mass concentrations and dynamics of emissions to be tracked over 24 h period. By employing this method, we determined the coefficients of 24 h emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from premises for fattening young swine. The coefficients of 24 h emission of ammonia were found to be significantly lower in the sty with a slatted floor in pens for the winter, spring, and autumn periods compared with the sties with concrete floor. However, coefficients of 24 h emission of methane were significantly higher by 76.1–286.9% in the sty with a slatted floor, which is associated with the peculiarities of technology of the self-cleaning system. Two-times removal of manure from the sty with concrete floor significantly reduced the average annual coefficients of emission of carbon dioxide, ammonia, and methane, by 12.1%, 22.4%, and 13.5%, respectively. Analysis of emission of the main contaminants from the sties with slatted and concrete floor in pens indicated a significant effect of this factor on the amount of emission, structure, and presence of seasonal and daily variability in those parameters. Accumulation of experimental materials regarding emission of contaminants will allow average actual parameters of emissions from small pig farms to be identified, which will allow adequate assessment of the effect their activity has on the environment, particularly in residential areas, and substantiate the minimal allowable distances to sanitary-protective zones.
АТОМНО-АБСОРБЦІЙНЕ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ХРОМУ У КУХОННІЙ СОЛІ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ЕКСТРАЦІЙНОГО ВІДДІЛЕННЯ МАТРИЦІ І ДІЇ УЛЬТРАЗВУКУ
Authors: Юрченко Олег І. , Черножук Тетяна В. , Кравченко Олексій А. , Бакланов Олександр М.
Published: May 2024

Досліджено використання ультразвуку при визначенні Xpoму в кухонній солі з використанням екстракції макрокомпоненту. Метод екстракційного відділення основи дозволяє проводити визначення вмісту Хрому у кухонній солі без руйнування органічних речовин. Експериментально встановлені оптимальні умови розчинення основи в гідроген пероксиді (90 %): температура – від –20 дo –25 0 C, частота ультразвуку 18–44 кГц, інтенсивність 0.5–0.8 Вт/cм2, час дії – 20–25 c відпoвіднo. В цих умовах досягається максимально можлива розчинність xлopиду нaтpію в гідроген пepoкcиді – дo 42 г/100 мл. Встановлено, що використання одночасної дії ультразвуку високої частоти (1.0–2.0 МГц, 0.25–0.50 Вт/cм2 ) і ультразвуку низької частоти (18–100 кГц, 0.15–0.25 Вт/cм2 ) дозволяє підвищити розчинність хлориду натрію у пероксиді водню з 42 до 47 г/100 мл, підвищити ступінь вилучення введеної частини Xpoму з 94–95 до 98–99 %. Розроблені методики визначення вмісту Xpoму в кухонній солі з використанням ультразвуку низької частоти, а також одночасної дії ультразвуку високої та низької частот з поліпшеними метрологічними характеристиками результатів аналізу кухонної солі.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВИРОБНИЦТВА ТВЕРДОГО ПАЛИВА З ПЛОДІВ ГІРКОКАШТАНУ ЗВИЧАЙНОГО
Authors: Іващук Олександр С. , Атаманюк Володимир М. , Чижович Роман А. , Манастирська Владислава А. , Барабах Сергій А. , Собечко Ірина Б.
Published: May 2024

У роботі подано результати експериментальних досліджень використання плодів гіркокаштану звичайного (Aesculus hippocastanum) для виготовлення брикетованого альтернативного твердого палива. Для досліджень було використано два види подрібнених сумішей плодів гіркокаштана звичайного: ядра та зовнішньої оболонки плоду та лише ядра. Проведено калориметричні дослідження визначення основних параметрів несформованого та сформованого матеріалу: вищої теплотворної здатності, зольності, залишкової вологості. Встановлено, що середнє значення вищої теплотворної здатності для несформованого матеріалу становить: для суміші ядра та зовнішньої оболонки плоду ~17549 кДж/кг, для для суміші ядра ~18351 кДж/кг. Для сформованих брикетованих взірців показники вищої теплотворної здатності становлять відповідно ~18835 кДж/кг та ~18878 кДж/кг. Одержані дані близькі до значень сировини рослинного походження, що широко використовується для одержання альтернативного твердого палива.
ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ПРОЦЕСУ ЗНЕЗАРАЖЕННЯ ПИТНОЇ ВОДИ ХЛОРВМІСНИМИ СПОЛУКАМИ В УМОВАХ МІСЬКВОДОКАНАЛУ
Authors: Груздєва Олена В. , Позднякова Уляна О. , Голуб Владислав В.
Published: May 2024

Розглянуто перехід виробництва з покупного рідкого хлору на гіпохлорит натрію. Показано переваги та недоліки різних дезінфектантів, які можна використовувати на стадії знезараження питної води. Акцентована увага на недоліках використання рідкого хлору: небезпеку в ході дозування, транспортування, зберігання та утворення хлорорганічни сполук, серед яких переважають тригалометани, перш за все - хлороформ, що зумовлюють виражений мутагенний вплив та канцерогенний ризик. Проаналізовано матеріали Смолінського водопровідно-каналізаційного господарства обласного комунального водопровідно-каналізаційного підприємства «Дніпро-Кіровоград» щодо технології знезараження природної води, якості вихідних питних вод. Визначена доцільність використання на стадії знезараження питної води покупного розчину гіпохлориту натрію. Показано на прикладах, що частину проблем, які пов’язані із використанням покупного розчину гіпохлориту натрію, можна забезпечити, запустив власне виробництво. Запропоновано зміни до чинної технологічної схеми із метою зниження побічних продуктів хлорування та покращення органолептичних властивостей питної води.
N-БЕНЗИЛОКСИ-N-МЕТОКСИСЕЧОВИНА. СИНТЕЗ ТА БУДОВА
Authors: Аніщенко Андрій О. , Штамбург Василь Г. , Клоц Євген О. , Шишкіна Світлана В. , Кравченко Світлана В. , Мазепа Олександр В. , Соколова Ліна О. , Крищик Оксана В.
Published: May 2024

Мета. Синтез N-бензилокси-N-метоксисечовини метанолізом N-ацетокси-N-бензилоксисечовини. Рентгеноструктурне дослідження будови N-бензилокси-N-метоксисечовини. Методи. Мас-спектрометрія, 1H та 13C ЯМР спектроскопія, ІЧ-спектроскопія, рентгеноструктурний аналіз. Результати. Синтезовано з високим виходом N-бензилокси-N-хлоросечовину хлоруванням N-бензилоксисечовини трет-бутилгіпохлоритом.  Ми показали, що взаємодія N-бензилокси-N-хлоросечовини з ацетатом натрію в середовищі ацетонітрилу за кімнатної температури призводить до утворення N-ацетокси-N-бензилоксисечовини з помірним виходом. Знайдено, що метаноліз N-ацетокси-N-бензилоксисечовини за кімнатної температури є зручним методом синтезу N-бензилокси-N-метоксисечовини. Структуру синтезованих N-бензилокси-N-хлоросечовини, N-ацетокси-N-бензилоксисечовини та N-бензилокси-N-метоксисечовини підтверджено даними 1H і 13C ЯМР спектроскопії, ІЧ-спектроскопії та мас-спектрометрії.
Проведено рентгеноструктурне дослідження будови N-бензилокси-N-метоксисечовини. В N-бензилокси-N-метоксисечовині атом азоту (N2) групи O–N–O є sp3 гібридизованим і має пірамідальну конфігурацію. Карбамоїльний атом азоту (N1) має планарну конфігурацію. Ми знайшли значне подовження амідного зв’язку BnO(MeO)N(2)–C(=O) N-бензилокси-N-метоксисечовини порівнянно з тим же зв’язком в незаміщеній N-бензилоксисечовині та порівнянно з H2N(1)–C(=O)-зв’язком саме N-бензилокси-N-метоксисечовини. Молекулярне пакування в кристалах N-бензилокси-N-метоксисечовини і N-бензилоксисечовини є різним. Висновки. Синтезовано аномерні N-бензилокси-N-хлоросечовину, N-ацетокси-N-бензилоксисечовину та N-бензилокси-N-метоксисечовину. Досліджено будову N-бензилокси-N-метоксисечовини.
ПРОБІОТИКИ ТА ПРЕБІОТИКИ – ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНІ ІНГРЕДІЄНТИ ДЛЯ КОНДИТЕРСЬКОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ
Authors: Коркач Ганна В. , Котузаки Олена М. , Хвостенко Катерина В. , Макарова Ольга В.
Published: May 2024

В останні роки поряд з широко розповсюдженими «хворобами цивілізації» загострилась проблема захворювань шлунково-кишкового тракту. Проблема дисбактеріозу привертає пильну увагу багатьох вчених, адже майже 90 % населення в тій чи іншій мірі страждає від нього, й це свідчить про дуже велике соціальне та екологічне значення вказаної проблеми. Профілактика і лікування дисбактеріозу пов’язані з відновленням нормальної мікрофлори кишечника за допомогою фармакопейних препаратів, біологічно активних добавок, функціональних продуктів харчування, що містять пробіотики і пребіотики. Тому сучасний розвиток харчової промисловості вимагає розробки якісно нових функціональних продуктів харчування, здатних впливати на нормалізацію мікробіоценозу кишечника. Ці продукти допоможуть запобігти дисбактеріозу, зберегти та покращити здоров'я, регулюючи та нормалізуючи роботу організму людини з урахуванням її фізіологічного стану та віку. В статті охарактеризовано функціональне харчування, розглянуто його місце в структурі сучасного харчування, проаналізовано доцільність використання про- та пребіотиків як функціональних інгредієнтів для надання кондитерським виробам фізіологічних властивостей. Розглянуто сучасний ринок кондитерської продукції з використанням про- та пребіотиків, показано перспективи їх використання як основних функціональних інгредієнтів у технології кондитерських виробів. Такий підхід дозволить розробити функціональні продукти, споживання яких буде ефективним для нормалізації мікрофлори кишечника та профілактики дисбіотичних станів.
Bildning i idrott och hälsa: Gymnasieelevers uppfattningar om kunskap, lärande och bedömning
Authors:   ,   Linnaeus University, Modell Nina
Published: May 2024

The aim of this thesis is to better our understanding of the relationship between physical education and health as a school subject and the school's overall mission. Drawing on an educational perspective, the intention is to interrogate students' perceptions of knowledge, learning and assessment in the subject. With this thesis, I want to contribute to the ongoing discussion about what constitutes knowledge in physical and health and open up for reflections on alternative perspectives on knowledge in the subject. The thesis is a compilation consisting of three empirical studies presented in four articles, study one and the first two articles are also part of my licentiate thesis. In study two, two classes at an upper secondary school were followed during their physical education and health classes for one whole school term. The data in study two consists of interviews, observations, informal conversations and teacher-student grade discussions. Study three comprises observations and conversations with students from two classes participating in six lessons each on ball games.The data analysis in both study two and three are based on non-affirmative theory where both subject-specific knowledge and generic knowledge are central. The analysis shows that the students perceive that they learn subject-specific knowledge as well as generic knowledge but, for the most part, reproductive and affirmative learning is associated with subject specific knowledge. However, the studies also show that the students may use this affirmative (sporting) knowledge in a final individual “healthproject” and somewhat alter the reproduced and affirmative content, to achieve their personal health goals and this learning may then be seen as more non-affirmative. At the same, some students are not able to achieve this reproductive and affirmative learning, which can mean that their knowledge “toolbox” is more limited for the final health project and, by extension, health in a lifelong perspective. In order to enrich and enhance the educational outcomes for students in physical education and health, the pervasiveness of reproductive and affirmative knowledge needs to be challenged by a more non-affirmative way of thinking.
Assessing Residency and Site Fidelity in Bottlenose Dolphins: A Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Huesca-Domínguez Israel , Morteo Eduardo , Abarca-Arenas Luis G. , Balmer Brian C. , Cox Tara M. , Delfín-Alfonso Christian A. , Hernández-Candelario Isabel C.
Published: May 2024

Residency and site fidelity are important parameters in population ecology for many species as they indicate the temporal and spatial use for individuals. Although both terms are clearly different, they are used interchangeably due to lack of clarity in their definitions and the ways to assess them, especially in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.). Individuals with well-defined patterns of residency and site fidelity may be more vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances; thus, the study of these parameters may help to better assess such impacts. However, interspecific differences and logistical restrictions for the study of dolphins have prevented consensus. We set out to investigate the factors that have influenced measurements of residency and site fidelity in bottlenose and a set of other dolphin species through a retrospective (~30 y: 1990 to 2019) literature review. We found 117 scientific papers with a two-fold increasing trend approximately every 15 years, with 50% published in only four journals. Most of the studies were developed in the United States, followed by Australia and Europe, likely due to strict policies for marine mammal conservation. Author collaboration network analysis showed highly atomized national groups in which North American organizations formed the biggest cluster, followed by Australia, Africa, and Europe. However, large worldwide gaps still exist, possibly because of the heterogeneity in marine mammal sampling efforts and limited information availability in the North Pacific, Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and the Indian Ocean. We found 30 different classification methods in which 12 were based on defined categories. We provide conceptual aid to distinguish between the use of both terms, as well as guidance to tackle the challenge of defining patterns of temporal use due to the variability of thresholds for classifying individuals. A paradigm shift is needed to create comprehensive, standardized, and generalized assessments of residency and site fidelity, which can be compared based on their performance across different populations of bottlenose dolphins around the world.
Avaliação dos resultados dos últimos 5 anos (2018-2022) da prova do Título de Especialista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões
Authors: PEREIRA JÚNIOR GERSON ALVES , HAMAMOTO-FILHO PEDRO TADAO , RASSLAN ROBERTO , BENEVENUTO DYEGO SÁ , SILVA EDUARDO NACUR , OLIVEIRA ALEXANDRE FERREIRA , PORTARI FILHO PEDRO EDER
Published: May 2024

RESUMO O artigo aborda a evolução da prova de título de especialista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões (CBC), destacando a importância de avaliar não apenas o conhecimento teórico, mas também as habilidades práticas e o comportamento ético dos candidatos. A prova foi instituída em 1971, inicialmente com apenas a fase escrita, e posteriormente foi incluída a prova prática oral, a partir da 13ª edição em 1988. Em 2022, foi aprimorado o processo de avaliação, incluindo na prova prática o uso de estações simuladas, visando avaliar habilidades práticas e de comunicação, além do raciocínio clínico, buscando garantir a excelência da avaliação da formação dos cirurgiões. O objetivo deste estudo é demonstrar o desempenho dos candidatos nos últimos cinco anos da Prova de Título de Especialista e comparar os resultados dos desempenhos entre os diferentes grupos de formação cirúrgica dos candidatos. Foram analisados os resultados obtidos pelos candidatos das diversas categorias inscritas na prova nas edições de 2018 a 2022. Ficou evidente e estatisticamente significativa a diferença entre os médicos que fizeram três anos de residência reconhecida pelo MEC em relação aos demais categorias de candidatos ao Título de Especialista.
Por que as Sociedades Médicas devem cada vez mais cuidar de suas provas de Título de Especialista e porque os profissionais médicos devem obtê-lo?
Authors: PEREIRA JÚNIOR GERSON ALVES , COLLEONI NETO RAMIRO , SILVA LEONARDO EMILIO , BAHTEN LUIZ CARLOS VON , FERNANDES CÉSAR EDUARDO , PORTARI-FILHO PEDRO EDER
Published: May 2024

RESUMO As Sociedades Médicas devem manter padrões elevados de competência e qualidade na concessão dos Títulos de Especialista, com definição dos critérios de certificação, considerando as necessidades e realidades do sistema de saúde e da prática médica.
Why should Medical Societies increasingly attend to their Specialist Title exams and why should medical professionals obtain it?
Authors: PEREIRA JÚNIOR GERSON ALVES , COLLEONI NETO RAMIRO , SILVA LEONARDO EMILIO , BAHTEN LUIZ CARLOS VON , FERNANDES CÉSAR EDUARDO , PORTARI-FILHO PEDRO EDER
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Medical societies must maintain high standards of competence and quality when awarding specialist titles, defining the certification criteria, taking into account the needs and realities of the health system and medical practice.