bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do voters in developing and transitional democracies care about income inequality? the role of media freedom
Authors: Amri Puspa Delima , Bouvet Florence
Published: November 2022

Is there a relationship between income inequality and the electoral success of incumbent governments in developing and transitional democracies, and if so, what explains its variations? Using a large N study of national legislative elections in 38 developing and transitional democracies from 1987 to 2016 and controlling for economic growth, inflation, and unemployment rates, this paper tests: (i) whether change in income inequality is negatively associated with the vote share for the incumbent party and (ii) whether the level of media freedom affects the extent of economic voting. Overall, we find evidence that increasing income inequality is negatively and significantly related to the vote share for the incumbent but only in countries with free or somewhat‐free media. Furthermore, consistent with past studies, the most robustly significant economic factor in affecting incumbent vote shares remains economic growth.
Effect of fasting on short‐term visual plasticity in adult humans
Authors: Animali Silvia , Steinwurzel Cecilia , Dardano Angela , Sancho‐Bornez Veronica , Del Prato Stefano , Morrone Maria Concetta , Daniele Giuseppe , Binda Paola
Published: November 2022

Brain plasticity and function is impaired in conditions of metabolic dysregulation, such as obesity. Less is known on whether brain function is also affected by transient and physiological metabolic changes, such as the alternation between fasting and fed state. Here we asked whether these changes affect the transient shift of ocular dominance that follows short‐term monocular deprivation, a form of homeostatic plasticity. We further asked whether variations in three of the main metabolic and hormonal pathways affected in obesity (glucose metabolism, leptin signalling and fatty acid metabolism) correlate with plasticity changes. We measured the effects of 2 h monocular deprivation in three conditions: post‐absorptive state (fasting), after ingestion of a standardised meal and during infusion of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), an incretin physiologically released upon meal ingestion that plays a key role in glucose metabolism.

We found that short‐term plasticity was less manifest in fasting than in fed state, whereas GLP‐1 infusion did not elicit reliable changes compared to fasting. Although we confirmed a positive association between plasticity and supraphysiological GLP‐1 levels, achieved by GLP‐1 infusion, we found that none of the parameters linked to glucose metabolism could predict the plasticity reduction in the fasting versus fed state. Instead, this was selectively associated with the increase in plasma beta‐hydroxybutyrate (B‐OH) levels during fasting, which suggests a link between neural function and energy substrates alternative to glucose. These results reveal a previously unexplored link between homeostatic brain plasticity and the physiological changes associated with the daily fast‐fed cycle.
Regenerative inflammation: When immune cells help to re‐build tissues
Authors: Caballero‐Sánchez Noemí , Alonso‐Alonso Sergio , Nagy Laszlo
Published: November 2022

Inflammation is an essential immune response critical for responding to infection, injury and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Upon injury, regenerative inflammation promotes tissue repair by a timed and coordinated infiltration of diverse cell types and the secretion of growth factors, cytokines and lipids mediators. Remarkably, throughout evolution as well as mammalian development, this type of physiological inflammation is highly associated with immunosuppression. For instance, regenerative inflammation is the consequence of an in situ macrophage polarization resulting in a transition from pro‐inflammatory to anti‐inflammatory/pro‐regenerative response. Immune cells are the first responders upon injury, infiltrating the damaged tissue and initiating a pro‐inflammatory response depleting cell debris and necrotic cells. After phagocytosis, macrophages undergo multiple coordinated metabolic and transcriptional changes allowing the transition and dictating the initiation of the regenerative phase. Differences between a highly efficient, complete ad integrum tissue repair, such as, acute skeletal muscle injury, and insufficient regenerative inflammation, as the one developing in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), highlight the importance of a coordinated response orchestrated by immune cells. During regenerative inflammation, these cells interact with others and alter the niche, affecting the character of inflammation itself and, therefore, the progression of tissue repair. Comparing acute muscle injury and chronic inflammation in DMD, we review how the same cells and molecules in different numbers, concentration and timing contribute to very different outcomes. Thus, it is important to understand and identify the distinct functions and secreted molecules of macrophages, and potentially other immune cells, during tissue repair, and the contributors to the macrophage switch leveraging this knowledge in treating diseases.
Quod vadis? The effect of youth unemployment and demographic pressure on migration in the MENA region
Authors: Redlin Margarete
Published: November 2022

Recent trends in international migration reveal increasing migration outflows from Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries. This development is accompanied by a massive rise in youth unemployment and a major increase in the young population in this region. This paper provides a quantitative assessment of migration patterns and analyses the interacting effect of the unfavourable combination of youth unemployment and demographic pressure on migration decisions. Based on an assessment of bilateral migration flows from 19 MENA to 34 OECD countries between 1995 and 2020, we find that youth unemployment plays a significant role in explaining emigration flows from MENA countries. We also find that the migration‐generating effect of youth unemployment is contingent upon demographic pressure in the youth cohorts and increases with an increasing number of youths.
Supporting skill integration in an intelligent tutoring system for code tracing
Authors: Huang Yun , Brusilovsky Peter , Guerra Julio , Koedinger Kenneth , Schunn Christian
Published: November 2022

Background

Skill integration is vital in students' mastery development and is especially prominent in developing code tracing skills which are foundational to programming, an increasingly important area in the current STEM education. However, instructional design to support skill integration in learning technologies has been limited.

Objectives

The current work presents the development and empirical evaluation of instructional design targeting students' difficulties in code tracing particularly in integrating component skills in the Trace Table Tutor (T3), an intelligent tutoring system.

Methods

Beyond the instructional features of active learning, step‐level support, and individualized problem selection of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), the instructional design of T3 (e.g., hints, problem types, problem selection) was optimized to target skill integration based on a domain model where integrative skills were represented as combinations of component skills. We conducted an experimental study in a university‐level introductory Python programming course and obtained three findings.

Results and Conclusions

First, the instructional features of the ITS technology support effective learning of code tracing, as evidenced by significant learning gains (medium‐to‐large effect sizes). Second, performance data supports the existence of integrative skills beyond component skills. Third, an instructional design focused on integrative skills yields learning benefits beyond a design without such focus, such as improving performance efficiency (medium‐to‐large effect sizes).

Major Takeaways

Our work demonstrates the value of designing for skill integration in learning technologies and the effectiveness of the ITS technology for computing education, as well as provides general implications for designing learning technologies to foster robust learning.
The clinical paradox: Acting in two worlds in parallel
Authors: Fröhlich Thomas
Published: November 2022

Background: Centred around the thesis that for those engaged in clinical practice there are two worlds present in parallel, this article defines the characteristics of the supposed second, qualitative world. Contrasting these characteristics to those of the world as seen in continuous metric dimensions of space and time, we derive the nature of the qualitative elements and their coherent interaction, as well as the rules governing these dynamic elements' interactions. Results: The second world claimed to exist turns out to be made of individual worlds centred in coherent perspectival interaction. Its polycentric agency enacts individual perspectives and mutual information uptake. This hermeneutical approach conforms with some recent developments in theory, such as that of Nobel Prize winner Elinor Ostrom, or the enactment theory of cognitive science. Conclusions: Following this theoretical process, two practical consequences are drawn. The first consists of an advanced model of biopsychosocial interaction, as extensively published throughout the years. The second presents the concept of quality‐oriented self‐aid groups open to all exposed to or working in care and healthcare. The corresponding training helps practitioners to consciously and deliberately move, perceive, and perform in the duplicity of worlds, the one the conventional quantifying, metric one, the other the mostly rationally unknown world emerging from qualifying interactive agency.
Re‐visiting the ‘mysterious myth of attention deficit’: A systematic review of the recent evidence
Authors: Burack J. A. , Friedman S. , Lessage M. , Brodeur D.
Published: November 2022

Based on the inclusive and methodologically rigorous framework provided by Ed Zigler's developmental approach, we previously challenged what we called, ‘the mysterious myth of attention deficit’, the fallacy of attention as a universal deficit among persons with intellectual disability (ID). In this latest update, we conducted a systematic review of studies of essential components of attention among persons with ID published in the interim since the last iteration of the mysterious myth narrative was submitted for publication approximately a decade ago. We searched the databases PubMed and PsycINFO for English‐language peer‐reviewed studies published from 1 January 2011 through 5 February 2021. In keeping with the developmental approach, the two essential methodological criteria were that the groups of persons with ID were aetiologically homogeneous and that the comparisons with persons with average IQs (or with available norms) were based on an appropriate index of developmental level, or mental age. Stringent use of these criteria for inclusion served to control for bias in article selection. Articles were then categorised based on aetiological group studied and component of visual attention. Based on these criteria, 18 articles were selected for inclusion out of the 2837 that were identified. The included studies involved 547 participants: 201 participants with Down syndrome, 214 participants with Williams syndrome and 132 participants with fragile X syndrome. The findings from these articles call attention to the complexities and nuances in understanding attentional functioning across homogeneous aetiological groups and highlight that functioning must be considered in relation to aetiology; factors associated with the individual, such as developmental level, motivation, styles and biases; and factors associated with both the task, such as context, focus, social and emotional implications, and levels of environmental complexity.
Measles in non‐human primates
Authors: Dogadov Dmitriy I. , Kyuregyan Karen K. , Goncharenko Alexandra M. , Mikhailov Mikhail I.
Published: November 2022

It is six decades since the measles vaccine was first introduced, and yet we continue to see frequent outbreaks of this disease occurring all over the world. Many non‐human primate (NHP) species, including apes, are susceptible to the measles virus. Spontaneous measles outbreaks have been described in a number of zoos and primate centers worldwide. Research into the spontaneous and experimental infection of laboratory primates with measles represents an invaluable source of information regarding the biology and pathogenesis of this virus and continues to be an irreplaceable and unique tool for testing vaccines and treatments. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize and analyze published data on the circulation of the measles virus among free‐living synanthropic and captive primate populations, as well as the results of experiments that have modeled this infection in NHPs.
“The efficacy and adverse effects of treatment options for facial pores: A review article”
Authors: Parvar Seyedeh Yasamin , Amani Maliheh , Shafiei Mohadeseh , Rastaghi Fatemeh , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Ahramiyanpour Najmeh
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Skin pores are enlarged openings of the pilosebaceous follicles that can be affected by age, gender, genetics, exposure to UV light, ethnicity, and sebum secretion. Many treatment modalities reduce facial pores’ count and area, including oral and topical medications as well as different wavelengths of lasers. Finding a safe and cost‐effective treatment protocol is necessary since facial pores are one of the main reasons for cosmetic complaints.

Aim

This review compares available treatment options for reducing facial pores’ number and area according to the published clinical trials.

Methods

A search on PubMed and Google Scholar was performed. Nineteen published clinical trials regarding treatment options for facial pores were included and reviewed based on the authors’ clinical experience.

Results

A total number of 591 cases (83.7% female) aged 18–80 years were included. Three assessment methods including digital imaging, physician assessment, and patient’ satisfaction were used in the studies to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of each modality. Furthermore, combining different modalities increased the efficacy of reducing pores’ size and number. Mild, reversible burning and erythema were common side effects.

Conclusion

Multiple sessions and combination therapies improve facial pores’ area and number. In young patients, the focus should be on controlling sebum production, while in older patients, the focus should be on rejuvenation in addition to the control of sebum production.
Abnormal nuclear expression of aquaporin‐3 in lesional and perilesional skin of vitiligo patients: A novel immunohistochemical finding
Authors: Gamil Hend , Assaf Magda , Khater Mohamad , Fawzy Manal
Published: November 2022

Background

Vitiligo is a skin disease characterized by a complex etiopathogenesis. Keratinocyte apoptosis may play a role in vitiligo pathogenesis. Aquaporin‐3 (AQP‐3) is an aqua‐glyceroporin that controls keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation.

Aim

To assess the immunohistochemical expression of AQP‐3 in lesional and perilesional skin of vitiligo patients compared to healthy control skin.

Methods

A total of 20 patients with generalized non‐segmental vitiligo and 20 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were included. Lesional and perilesional skin of vitiligo patients, as well as normal skin of control subjects, were biopsied. The immunohistochemical expression of AQP3 in the epidermis was examined.

Results

Compared to control skin, both lesional and perilesional skin showed a significant reduction in the intensity of membranous staining of AQP‐3 (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). Moreover, the membrano‐cytoplasmic pattern of AQP‐3 staining was significantly detected in 80% of lesions and 85% of perilesional biopsies, while it was absent in control skin (p < 0.001). Additionally, nuclear AQP‐3 expression was significantly detected in 35% of lesions and 55% of perilesional biopsies, while it was not detected in control skin (p = 0.012, p < 0.001, respectively). No statistically significant difference was detected between lesional and perilesional skin.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first immunohistochemical research to show a significant abnormal nuclear expression of AQP‐3 in lesional and perilesional skin of vitiligo patients. This abnormality may reflect impaired functions of AQP‐3, leading to keratinocyte apoptosis with subsequent melanocyte death and development of vitiligo.
Co‐administration of tacrolimus and low molecular weight heparin in patients with a history of implantation failure and elevated peripheral blood natural killer cell proportion
Authors: Shen Ping , Zhang Tao , Han Ru , Xie Huixia , Lv Qun
Published: November 2022

Aim

To investigate the therapeutic effect of co‐administration of tacrolimus (TAC) and low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) or LMWH only on pregnancy outcomes in the female with a history of implantation failure and elevated peripheral blood natural killer (pNK) cell proportion in frozen‐thawed embryo transfer cycles.

Methods

To evaluate the pregnancy parameters for 249 patients with ≥2 implantation failures and pNK cell proportion ≥12% by analyzing a retrospective observational cohort study. Sixty patients had received the co‐administration TAC and LMWH (TAC & LMWH group), 85 others had only taken LMWH (LWMH group), and the rest did not take any particular drugs (control group).

Results

The experimental finding indicated that the TAC & LMWH group and the LMWH group showed higher clinical pregnancy rates than the control group (p < 0.05), and TAC & LMWH group had a much higher live birth rate. According to the binary logistic regression analysis, the combination of TAC and LMWH was conducive to clinical pregnancy and live birth rate and reduced the possibility of miscarriage. It would not affect the result of spontaneous abortion and live birth, although the LMWH was only beneficial to clinical pregnancy. In addition, these findings were similar for these three groups' obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.

Conclusions

The combination of TAC and LMWH can improve clinical pregnancy and live birth rates and reduce the risk of spontaneous miscarriage in patients with a history of implantation failure and elevated pNK ratio. LMWH is also beneficial to clinical pregnancy.
In the Riptide of Control and Trust: Emergence of Control Practices, Suspicion, and Distrust in New Technology Deployment
Authors: Hurmelinna‐Laukkanen Pia , Niemimaa Elina , Rantakari Anniina , Helander Nina
Published: November 2022

In this study, we focus on the unintended consequences of new technology deployment for control‐trust dynamics. When addressing these dynamics, managers and management researchers often focus on consciously designed and implemented controls and management actions that build, repair, or preserve trust. At the same time, unowned processes – processes that have no single source or purpose – easily go unnoticed. These processes may have effects that are inadvertent and sometimes detrimental. A close‐up ethnographic study of a technology deployment provides insight into the emergence of unintended control practices and shifts in trust. Our findings demonstrate how deployment of new technology prompted a shift in the loci and forms of control and how trust, suspicion, and distrust surfaced asymmetrically as organizational members interpreted in different ways how others were using the new technological features. These developments contributed to the emergence of four unintended control practices: incidental monitoring, organizational surveillance, individual concealment, and collective resistance. Our study highlights the role of unowned processes in the control‐trust dynamics and emphasizes that whether or not control and trust are consciously addressed, both play interactive and evolving roles in organizations.
The Resilience of Clergywomen?: Gender and the Relationship between Occupational Distress and Mental Health among Congregational Leaders
Authors: Holleman Anna
Published: November 2022

Religious leaders face unique vocational challenges that place their mental health at risk. As the clergy as a profession has traditionally been male‐dominated, clergywoman experience greater occupational stress than their clergymen colleagues, putting their mental health at additional risk. However, past research offers varied evidence on the gendered nature of clergy health, suggesting that clergywomen may be especially resilient to some difficulties of clergy work. Using panel data from the Clergy Health Initiative, a sample of United Methodist pastors from 2010 to 2021, this study examines clergy‐specific occupational stress and its gendered relationship with depression. I find that, while clergywomen experience higher levels of occupational stress, the relationship between occupational stress and depression is weaker for clergywomen as compared to clergymen. This study thus offers a new perspective on the gendered nature of the pastorate: that clergywomen may be able to more effectively cope with vocational difficulties than clergymen.
Popular Resistance against Israeli Territorial Expropriation: Beita as a Model
Authors: Jabali Oqab
Published: November 2022

The Israeli‐Palestinian conflict dates back to the early 1930s. The most crucial factor that prolongs it and prevents any glimmer of hope is Israel's insistence on displacing the Palestinians from their lands and implanting Israeli citizens in their place. Motivated by inference theory, this study aims at investigating the latest wave of popular civil resistance against territorial expropriation in the town of Beita. The study shows that territorial confiscation is carried out systematically by Israeli settlers, aided by the army. It also shows that Beita's nonviolent approach to resistance enhances its legitimacy domestically and internationally and encourages a wider base of grassroots participation. Beita has always employed popular types of civil resistance, such as weekly protests and night‐confusion tactics at Jabal Sabih, to defend itself and expel settlers. Despite the high price Beita has paid and the settlers’ evacuation of the outpost, the Israeli military has turned the site into a base. The conclusion is that popular civil resistance has the potential to challenge occupiers in a powerful way.
The Evolution of Environmentalism in Turkey
Authors: Demir Sertif
Published: November 2022

Environmental problems, caused by and affecting human life, are multifaceted and often interconnected with social and economic factors, and they do not recognize political borders. Like other countries, Turkey has faced severe environmental problems over the last six decades. The state's environmental policy and behavior has been shaped by a combination of economic necessity, international discourse, the EU membership process, and growing national and local awareness. This article analyzes the evolution of environmentalism in Turkey, first by tracing the evolution of environmental sentiment and the expansion of green politics, in general and in Turkey specifically. The study then focuses on the prospects and challenges of environmentalist policy and practices. Turkey has understood the importance of environmental protection and its unwanted impacts on all species, including humans. However, it is still under pressure to boost economic growth to meet the current generation's needs. Climate action is further challenged by the patriarchal state structure and influential interest groups. Therefore, the government tries to find the best way for environmental action to coexist with divergent policy preferences among many stakeholders.
Obesity is a major contributing cause of breathlessness in the population
Authors: Ekström Magnus
Published: November 2022

See related article
Lake dynamics in an Early Jurassic desert: Evidence from the Clarens Formation in southern Africa
Authors: Head Howard V. , Bordy Emese M.
Published: November 2022

Interdune deposits are sensitive to climatic fluctuations and ancient interdune lacustrine systems can reveal the drivers of erg dynamics through time and space. This southern African study details the dynamics of interdune deposition in a vast ancient desert system that was active over Pangaea in the Middle Mesozoic and formed part of one of the largest known sand seas in Earth's history. Focusing on the Sinemurian to Pliensbachian Clarens Formation in the main Karoo Basin (south‐west Gondwana), three facies associations were identified that formed in meso‐scale and macro‐scale lakes amongst aeolian dunes and sand sheets of the Clarens erg system. The northern facies association is restricted to interdune hollows within an actively climbing dune system. High‐sediment availability and high‐wind speeds limited the space available for these meso‐scale lakes to expand. Here, migrating dunes outpaced the water table rise promoting the formation of discontinuous lenses of lake deposits, as is typical in erg centres. The southern facies associations developed both in spatially isolated meso‐scale lakes, where flooding was controlled by groundwater inundation (water table rise), as well as in macro‐scale lakes, where flooding was related to groundwater inundation and floods (surface runoff) that induced terminal splays. Relative to the north, the southern facies associations, with their more significant thickness and lateral extent, show that, here, the basin was characterized by a higher rate of relative subsidence. Moreover, the southern lake systems were established along the erg's margin, where the interdunes expanded during pluvial phases. Ultimately, the facies associations in the Clarens Formation show that the widespread arid conditions in the Early Jurassic of south‐west Gondwana were subjected to prolonged and repeated pluvial phases in an otherwise harsh environment. Given the prominence of Jurassic aeolianites across Pangea, this study provides a southern African perspective on global palaeo‐erg dynamics and Early Jurassic climatic shifts.
Potential role of AIM2 inflammasome in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Uresti‐Rivera E. E. , García‐Hernández M. H.
Published: November 2022

SARS‐CoV‐2 is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The disease presents different degrees of severity related to the antiviral response of the host. According to clinical manifestations, patients could show mild, moderate and severe COVID‐19. Regarding immunological aspects, an increased interferon (IFN) response in COVID‐19 patients with mild and moderate symptoms were observed; however, in severe COVID‐19, IFN response is decreased. Patients with severe COVID‐19 display a hyperinflammatory disorder that leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Interestingly, the expression and activation of AIM2, a receptor induced by IFN, play an important role in the onset of antiviral response. In this review, we discuss the possible role of AIM2 during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We summarize the studies reporting the expression and activity of proteins involved upstream and downstream of AIM2‐inflammasome activation, such as IFN, ASC, Caspase‐1, IL‐1β, IL‐18, free‐dsDNA, IFI16, as well as SARS‐CoV‐2 viral load, cell death in groups of COVID‐19 patients with different clinical outcomes to infer the possible contribution of AIM2 in antiviral response of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Growing and distinct: The Unaffiliated voter as unmoored voter
Authors: Bitzer J. Michael , Cooper Christopher A. , Manzo Whitney Ross , Roberts Susan
Published: November 2022

Objective

We examine the size, characteristics, and attitudes of Unaffiliated party registrants as they compare to registrants from the two major parties.

Methods

We analyze voter registration files, voter history files, and public opinion data from North Carolina.

Results

Unaffiliated registrants are not simply shadow partisans but, on average, are distinct from two major parties in terms of demographics, political behavior, and political attitudes.

Conclusion

Voters who eschew party labels are best understood as unmoored voters—often hovering close to their ideological docks but with no institutional constraint to keep them from drifting as the political tides shift.
Identification of the novel HLA‐DRB1*11:308 allele in a Greek individual
Authors: Zamanakou Maria , Vatsiou Sophia , Batsaki Panagiota , Fortis Sotirios P. , Germenis Anastasios E.
Published: November 2022

We report here the identification by next‐generation sequencing of a novel HLA allele, DRB1*11:308, in a Greek individual as a part of a research project investigating diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in head and neck cancer (BIOKARETRA).
Coexpression network and trans‐activation analyses of maize reproductive phasiRNA loci
Authors: Zhan Junpeng , O'Connor Lily , Marchant D. Blaine , Teng Chong , Walbot Virginia , Meyers Blake C.
Published: November 2022

The anther‐enriched phased, small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) play vital roles in sustaining male fertility in grass species. Their long non‐coding precursors are synthesized by RNA polymerase II and are likely regulated by transcription factors (TFs). A few putative transcriptional regulators of the 21‐ or 24‐nucleotide phasiRNA loci (referred to as 21‐ or 24‐PHAS loci) have been identified in maize (Zea mays), but whether any of the individual TFs or TF combinations suffice to activate any PHAS locus is unclear. Here, we identified the temporal gene coexpression networks (modules) associated with maize anther development, including two modules highly enriched for the 21‐ or 24‐PHAS loci. Comparisons of these coexpression modules and gene sets dysregulated in several reported male sterile TF mutants provided insights into TF timing with regard to phasiRNA biogenesis, including antagonistic roles for OUTER CELL LAYER4 and MALE STERILE23. Trans‐activation assays in maize protoplasts of individual TFs using bulk‐protoplast RNA‐sequencing showed that two of the TFs coexpressed with 21‐PHAS loci could activate several 21‐nucleotide phasiRNA pathway genes but not transcription of 21‐PHAS loci. Screens for combinatorial activities of these TFs and, separately, the recently reported putative transcriptional regulators of 24‐PHAS loci using single‐cell (protoplast) RNA‐sequencing, did not detect reproducible activation of either 21‐PHAS or 24‐PHAS loci. Collectively, our results suggest that the endogenous transcriptional machineries and/or chromatin states in the anthers are necessary to activate reproductive PHAS loci.
MRI and CT characteristics of a grade I meningioma with concurrent cribriform plate lysis in a dog
Authors: Petit Clifford V. , Chen Annie V. , Murthy Vishal D. , Roberts Gregory D. , Valerio‐López Carlos
Published: November 2022

A 6‐year‐old female spayed German Shepherd mixed‐breed dog was presented for treatment of a frontal lobe mass diagnosed on MRI, after an acute onset of generalized seizures and behavior changes. Computed tomography of the head was performed for radiation therapy planning and revealed concurrent cribriform plate lysis without nasal sinus invasion, and focal lysis of the left ventrolateral cranial fossa. Histopathology of the mass obtained via surgical excision was consistent with a grade I fibrous meningioma. The dog had a good outcome following surgery and radiation therapy.
Effect of climatic factors on farm income of rain‐fed and irrigated farming households in Vietnam
Authors: Ho Huu Phuong Chi , Nguyen Tuan Kiet , Vo Thanh Danh , Trinh Cong Duc , Nguyen Ngoc Lam , Arora Anchal
Published: November 2022

The paper provides new evidence of the effect of temperature and precipitation on crop profit of farmers applying different farming systems across different seasons as well as geographical regions in Vietnam for the period 2004–2016. The result finds that the effect of fluctuation in temperature and rainfall on the crop profit of farmers is not uniform across the three regions (North, Central and South) and also considerable variation across rain‐fed and irrigated farms. For the rain‐fed farming system, (i) rainfall in the dry season has a nonlinearly (⋂) association with the profit, but rainfall in the rainy season has no effect, and (ii) dry season temperature and rainy season temperature have, respectively, ⋂‐shaped and U‐shaped relationship with the profit. For the irrigated farming systems, the temperatures in the dry season and rainy season have a U‐shaped relationship with the profit. The findings show that the irrigated farming systems have been effective in the long term in the face of climate change. Therefore, in preparation for adaptation to climate change, the Vietnamese agricultural sector needs a complete irrigation system at both farm and regional levels.
Two Models of Speculative Bubbles Dynamics for Cryptocurrency Prices
Authors: Perepelitsa Mikhail
Published: November 2022

The problem of investing into a cryptocurrency market requires good understanding of the processes that regulate the price of the currency. In this paper we offer a view of the cryptocurrency market as an environment for realization of self-organized speculative schemes that result in the formation of a characteristic price bubble. We use a microscale, agent-based model to simulate the system behavior and derive a macroscale ordinary differential equation (ODE) model to estimate the price and the return rates observed in the simulated agent-based model. We provide a formula for the total risk of the system expressed as a sum of two independent components, one being characteristic of the price bubble and the other of the investor behavior.
Cyber-Theater as Another Dimension of Communication in Contemporary Performing Arts
Authors: Grynyshyna Maryna , Gusakova Nina , Boklan Mykola , Strelchuk Victoria , Ivaschenko Iryna
Published: November 2022

The relevance of this study is due to the expansion of various concepts of cyber-theater in the contemporary performing arts. The examples of the stage embodiment of cyber-drama and digital-performances prove that each stage work raises extraordinary artistic issues, and each technological innovation is accompanied by the emergence of the new audience opportunities and competencies. However, due to the fact that communication between the creators of the super-modern stage content and the ordinary viewers currently isn’t sufficiently arranged, there are gaps in the perception of the artistic messages, difficulties with the audience’s empathy for the events and actors of cyber-drama and digital-performance. The authors aimed to explore the communication barriers associated with cyber-theater performances and to present ways to solve problems in this context. The following methods were used: complex analysis and synthesis, comparative and descriptive methods, technique of communicative approach. Peculiarities of creating cyber-drama and organization of digital-performance are revealed, similarity, difference and interdependence of their means of expression are characterized. The tendencies of further development of cyber-theater and cooperation between its creators and the audience are determined. Various studies in the field of creative industry on the impact of the effectiveness of the audience’s perception of cyber-theater performance are analyzed. As the results of the research, the emblematic digital-performances of the 2010s are described, the effectiveness of various artistic proposals at this stage and possible directions for further development of the industry are determined.
Nursing students’ experiences of workplace violence in clinical practice: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Dafny Hila Ariela , Champion Stephanie , Pearson Vincent , Brown Shannon
Published: November 2022

Objective:

The objective of this review is to investigate the experience of workplace violence against nursing students on clinical placement.

Introduction:

Workplace violence affects nursing students during clinical placements in hospitals and other health care settings. Nursing students are uniquely vulnerable to workplace violence due to their limited experience and skills in challenging abusive behavior. Up to half of nursing students have reported experiencing horizontal or lateral physical or verbal violence during clinical placement, both from colleagues and patients. As a result of workplace violence, many students consider leaving nursing practice within their first year. This has implications for individual students’ progression and for health care systems that rely on nursing graduates to deliver health care services.

Inclusion criteria:

Only qualitative primary studies will be included. The population is registered nurse students, the phenomenon of interest is the experience of workplace violence, and the context is clinical placement.

Methods:

A comprehensive database search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science Core collection, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ERIC, ProQuest Central, ProQuest Social Science Premium Collection, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses will be conducted. Databases will be searched from inception to present for English-language qualitative literature of any study design that meets the inclusion criteria. A search of unpublished and gray literature will also be conducted. The JBI critical appraisal checklist for qualitative research will be used to assess the studies. Findings and illustrations will be extracted and assigned a level of credibility. Meta-aggregation of findings will be performed, and a ConQual Summary of Findings will be presented.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42022337674
Fly the Climate-Friendly Skies
Authors: Abrams Michael
Published: November 2022

Eliminating the climate impact of long-distance airline flights will require cutting fossil carbon from the aviation energy supply. Startups and established companies are scrambling to develop new energy technologies that would allow airlines and their passengers to fly the globe without contributing to its warming. There is, however, no consensus on the best way this can be accomplished.
Is that all the space you've got?
Authors: Keefe Joseph
Published: November 2022

A few case studies regarding small room architectural acoustics concerns are presented. These address problematic and unanticipated low-frequency room modes, constraints regarding vertical sound isolation in a tenant-space theater, and challenges pertaining to control of a chiller plant in commercial office space. Our approach to criteria, analyses, noise control recommendations, and lessons learned will be presented.
Geologic features at the continental shelf edge and their influence on acoustic propagation and scattering
Authors: Chaytor Jason
Published: November 2022

The continental shelf edge, encompassing the seaward edge of the continental shelf and the upper continental slope, is a region of significant variation in the physical, chemical, and biological character of the ocean and seabed. The surficial and shallow sub-surface geologic features across this transition from the seaward-dipping shelf to the steeper upper slope reflect a spectrum of modern and antecedent constructional and destructional processes, each affecting acoustic propagation and scattering. Geologic features across the shelf edge are created by eustatic and regional sea level change, glacial processes, development and abandonment of fluvial pathways, and variations in slope stability. These geologic features are further modified by seasonal and persistent water column and bottom-water boundary layer physical processes, diagenetic modification, and biological activity supported by nutrient rich upwelling. Using examples from the southern New England shelf edge (SNESE), the scale, morphology, formative processes of shelf edge features and their impact on acoustic propagation and scattering will be presented. The SNESE has been shaped by a combination of glacial and interglacial processes resulting in a region with a complex seabed environment characterized by features such as variable surficial sediment, pockmarks, landslide scars, and submarine canyons. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.]
Acoustic observations of nekton and zooplankton along the Northeast continental shelf break
Authors: Jech J. Michael
Published: November 2022

Observations of fish and squid (nekton) and crustacean and gelatinous animals (zooplankton) at the shelf break using active acoustic systems (e.g., echosounders) have been made along the United States shelf break from the mid-Atlantic to New England since the early 2000s as part of a biennial bottom trawl survey (NOAA’s Northeast Fisheries Science Center), since 2012 as part of the Atlantic Marine Assessment Program for Protected Species (AMAPPS), and recently as part of the Task Force Ocean New England Shelf Break Acoustic project. The shelf break can be a boundary between seabed-oriented species on the continental shelf and pelagic species in the open ocean, as well as transitional habitat for some species to exploit. These data have been collected using multifrequency, narrowband (e.g., 18, 38, 70, 120, and 200 kHz) and wideband (18–250 kHz) scientific echosounders with hull-mounted transducers to primarily map the prey species of mid- to upper-trophic level foragers and predators. Classification of acoustic data to biologically meaningful metrics and how these can be integrated with oceanographic features and spatial and temporal distributions of predators will be explored in relation to the broader goals of developing ocean acoustic networks. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.]
Application of long-term passive acoustic monitoring to evaluate spatial and temporal patterns of multi-species acoustic assemblages of marine mammals in the western North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Haver Samara , Corkeron Peter , Baumann-Pickering Simone , Cholewiak Danielle , Davis Genevieve , DeAngelis Annamaria , Frasier Kait , Martin Molly , Pegg Nicole , Posdaljian Natalie , Rafter Macey , Schoenbeck Clara , Solsona Berga Alba , Westell Annabel , Van Parijs Sofie
Published: November 2022

Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is an efficient method for large-scale marine mammal monitoring. PAM technologies concurrently sample multiple soniferous marine mammal species, and when coupled with verified detectors, provide information that can be used to evaluate community composition. This analysis used data collected by an array of high-frequency PAM recorders at eight sites between 30°0’N and 42°0’N along the shelf-break in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Daily acoustic presence of 13 known marine mammal species and grouped unknown odontocetes was determined for all months between June 2016 and May 2019. Classification trees were generated from monthly summaries of daily detections to identify community composition dissimilarities. Detections of Gervais’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon europaeus) represented the root node and split sites by latitude, grouping the three sites south of 34°0’N and the five sites north of 38°0’N. Tree nodes were further divided by other odontocetes. The presence of mysticetes also varied by site and season. Distinctive communities were identified for each site, with odontocetes being resident and mysticetes more migratory. The root and secondary splits were all driven by beaked whale species, demonstrating the importance of identifying these whales to species instead of aggregating them as is common for visual survey data.
Paul Langevin: His life and family
Authors: Duck Francis , Langevin Paul-Éric
Published: November 2022

2022 marks the 150th Anniversary of the birth of Paul Langevin, the originator of ultrasonics. He was born, lived, and died in Paris. His parents were of modest means. He was a humanist and a rationalist. Scientifically precocious, he was taught by Pierre Curie and spent a year at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge. He gained a professorship at the ESPCI eventually becoming Director there. He also was Professor at the Collége de France, where his talent as a teacher gained wide recognition. He married Jeanne Desfosses in1898 and his children were as important to him as his science. They had two sons, Jean and André, both physicists, and two daughters Madeleine and Hélène. Paul-Gilbert, son of his scientific co-worker Eliane Montel, became a physicist and musicologist. In the interwar years he was an anti-Fascist activist. Imprisoned in 1940, he was then placed under house arrest in Troyes. After escaping to Switzerland in 1944, he returned to huge acclaim in liberated Paris. Elected as a Councilor for the Communist Party, he led the Committee for the Reorganization of Education in France, in spite of failing health. He died in 1946 and is interred in the Pantheon.
Cell-like microparticles with tunable acoustic properties for calibrating devices
Authors: Tandar Clara E. , Dubay Ryan , Darling Eric , Fiering Jason
Published: November 2022

Mechanophenotype of biological cells has demonstrated correlation with biomolecular states and cell function. Hence, new methods to measure mechanophenotype at high throughput are of growing interest. Acoustophoretic microdevices can characterize cell mechanical features; however, calibration particles with physiologically relevant properties are needed to quantify and optimize device performance. Currently, conventional polymer microspheres are rigid and do not replicate cell deformation and compressibility. To address this, we developed monodisperse, tunable, cell-like microparticles (MPs) from polyacrylamide hydrogel, fabricated with a microfluidic droplet generator. Size and compressibility are adjusted by fabrication parameters, and density is adjusted by incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs). Here, we present for the first time microparticles of reduced density and acoustic contrast (lower than unloaded MPs) achieved by loading MPs with nanoparticles of low molecular weight alkanes. We produced the NPs by sonication and photopolymerization before addition to the MP precursor. NP-loaded MPs were less dense than unloaded MPs at 1005.9 and 1013.6kg/m3, respectively, and they exhibited negative acoustic contrast by acoustophoresis in aqueous medium while that of unloaded MPs was positive. These new particles extend the tunable range of acoustic contrast, mimicking and exceeding that of most biological cells and could also aid cell separation when conjugated to cells.
Phase speed and attenuation determination of a monodisperse liquid at the single bubble resonance using a single and two microphone transfer function method
Authors: Cheyne Stanley A. , Thurman H O. , Holt R G.
Published: November 2022

The phase speed and attenuation of a bubbly liquid were determined. The experimental configuration consisted of a vertical stainless steel tube partially filled with water and pressurized air flowing through a single hypodermic needle at the bottom. The sound source was located in the air-filled portion at the top of the tube. A SRS-785 spectrum analyzer was used to measure and calculate the transfer function. Once the impedance was found, the phase speed and attenuation was calculated from the complex wave number.