bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elektronische Patientenakte: Datenschutzbeauftragter auf Konfrontationskurs
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: September 2020

Ein Freund der elektronischen Patientenakte (ePA) war Ulrich Kelber noch nie. Doch nun belässt es der Bundesbeauftragte für Datenschutz und Informationsfreiheit (BfDI) nicht mehr nur bei harschen Worten. Als Aufsichtsbehörde für 65 gesetzliche Krankenkassen droht er mit aufsichtsrechtlichen Vorgaben für die Kassen, sollte die ePA in der geplanten Form kommen.
DGKK-Übernahme: Alexianer auf Wachstumskurs
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: September 2020

Mit der Übernahme der Dernbacher Gruppe Katharina Kasper (DGKK) stehen die Alexianer vor ihrem nächsten großen Coup. Er ist Teil einer klaren Strategie des katholischen Gesundheitskonzerns.
Krankenhausplanung: Katalysator für den Kurswechsel
Authors: Hirsch Christian F.
Published: September 2020

Brandbeschleuniger, Katalysator, Weckruf: Die Corona-Pandemie gibt der Debatte um die Finanzierung und die zukünftige Struktur der Kliniklandschaft in Deutschland neuen Schwung. Welche Lehren sind zu ziehen? Sind weniger Kliniken wirklich die Lösung? Was bietet Schutz bei der nächsten Pandemie? Ein Stimmungsbild.
Pflegepersonalbemessungsinstrument: Der Ball liegt immer noch in der Spielfeldhälfte des Bundesgesundheitsministeriums
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: September 2020

Im Zuge der Konzertierten Aktion Pflege (KAP) arbeiteten die Deutsche Krankenhausgesellschaft (DKG), Verdi und der Deutsche Pflegerat (DPR) bei der Erstellung eines neuen Personalbemessungsinstruments eng zusammen. Das Ergebnis, die PPR 2.0, wurde Mitte Januar dem Bundesgesundheitsminister vorgelegt. Wie der Stand der Dinge hierzu ist, fragt kma bei DKG-Präsident Dr. Gerald Gaß nach.
Steigende Haftungsrisiken für Klinikgeschäftsführung: So stellen Sie rechtzeitig die entscheidenden juristischen Weichen
Authors: Stein Michael , Christopher Peine
Published: September 2020

Kurzarbeit, Staatshilfen, Stationsschließungen: Die Corona-Krise hat wider Erwarten besonders Kliniken wirtschaftlich getroffen. Im Zuge dessen steigen die Haftungsrisiken für Geschäftsführer weiter. Lesen Sie in diesem Beitrag, worauf Sie in diesen ungewöhnlichen Zeiten besonders achten müssen.
Serviceroboter: Pandemie führt zu verstärkter Nachfrage
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: September 2020

In der Covid-19-Pandemie hat das Interesse an Desinfektions- und Transportrobotern in Krankenhäusern zugenommen. Schließlich können sie Aufgaben übernehmen, die für das Personal zu riskant sind.
Two conceptions of consciousness and why only the neo-Aristotelian one enables us to construct evolutionary explanations
Authors: Smit Harry , Hacker Peter
Published: September 2020

Descartes separated the physical from the mental realm and presupposed a causal relation between conscious experience and neural processes. He denominated conscious experiences ‘thoughts’ and held them to be indubitable. However, the question of how we can bridge the gap between subjective experience and neural activity remained unanswered, and attempts to integrate the Cartesian conception with evolutionary theory has not resulted in explanations and testable hypotheses. It is argued that the alternative neo-Aristotelian conception of the mind as the capacities of intellect and will resolves these problems. We discuss how the neo-Aristotelian conception, extended with the notion that organisms are open thermodynamic systems that have acquired heredity, can be integrated with evolutionary theory, and elaborate how we can explain four different forms of consciousness in evolutionary terms.
Physical vapor deposition using a coaxial ion acceleration method
Authors: Kobayashi D. , Asai T. , Ashizawa Y.
Published: September 2020

A novel physical vapor deposition method involving electromagnetic acceleration using a set of coaxial electrodes has been developed. In this study, the coaxial ion acceleration method is applied for a diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin film formation. In the developed method, the central electrode made of the deposition material is sputtered by the noble gas plasma current and accelerated toward the deposition chamber. Because the sputtered ions are accelerated by the Lorentz self-force, the ion injection energy can be controlled separately from the plasma temperature. In addition, the gaseous hydrocarbon, which is commonly used for DLC formation, is not required since a noble gas is used as the discharge gas.
Energy transfer under natural incoherent light: Effects of asymmetry on efficiency
Authors: Jung Kenneth A. , Brumer Paul
Published: September 2020

The non-equilibrium stationary coherences that form in donor–acceptor systems are investigated to determine their relationship to the efficiency of energy transfer to a neighboring reaction center. It is found that the effects of asymmetry in the dimer are generally detrimental to the transfer of energy. Four types of systems are examined, arising from combinations of localized trapping, delocalized (Forster) trapping, eigenstate dephasing, and site basis dephasing. In the cases of site basis dephasing, the interplay between the energy gap of the excited dimer states and the environment is shown to give rise to a turnover effect in the efficiency under weak dimer coupling conditions. Furthermore, the nature of the coherences and associated flux is interpreted in terms of pathway interference effects. In addition, regardless of the cases considered, the ratio of the real part and the imaginary part of the coherences in the energy-eigenbasis tends to a constant value in the steady state limit.
When more is less: Nonmonotonic trends in adsorption on clusters in alloy surfaces
Authors: Monasterial Abigale P. , Hinderks Calla A. , Viriyavaree Songkun , Montemore Matthew M.
Published: September 2020

Single-atom alloys can be effective catalysts and have been compared to supported single-atom catalysts. To rationally design single-atom alloys and other surfaces with localized ensembles, it is crucial to understand variations in reactivity when varying the dopant and the ensemble size. Here, we examined hydrogen adsorption on surfaces embedded with localized clusters and discovered general trends. Counterintuitively, increasing the amount of a more reactive metal sometimes makes a surface site less reactive. This behavior is due to the hybridization and splitting of narrow peaks in the electronic density of states of many of these surfaces, making them analogous to free-standing nanoclusters. When a single-atom alloy has a peak just below the Fermi energy, the corresponding two-dopant cluster often has weaker adsorption than the single-atom alloy due to splitting of this peak across the Fermi energy. Furthermore, single-atom alloys have qualitatively different behaviors than larger ensembles. Specifically, the adsorption energy is a U-shaped function of the dopant’s group for single-atom alloys. Additionally, adsorption energies on single-atom alloys correlate more strongly with the dopant’s p-band center than with the d-band center.
A “backtracking” correction for the fewest switches surface hopping algorithm
Authors: Miao Gaohan , Bian Xuezhi , Zhou Zeyu , Subotnik Joseph
Published: September 2020

We propose a “backtracking” mechanism within Tully’s fewest switches surface hopping (FSSH) algorithm, whereby whenever one detects consecutive (double) hops during a short period of time, one simply rewinds the dynamics backward in time. In doing so, one reduces the number of hopping events and comes closer to a truly fewest switches surface hopping approach with independent trajectories. With this algorithmic change, we demonstrate that surface hopping can be reasonably accurate for nuclear dynamics in a multidimensional configuration space with a complex-valued (i.e., not real-valued) electronic Hamiltonian; without this adjustment, surface hopping often fails. The added computational cost is marginal. Future research will be needed to assess whether or not this backtracking correction can improve the accuracy of a typical FSSH calculation with a real-valued electronic Hamiltonian (that ignores spin).
Decoherence-corrected Ehrenfest molecular dynamics on many electronic states
Authors: Esch Michael P. , Levine Benjamin G.
Published: September 2020

Decoherence corrections increase the accuracy of mixed quantum–classical nonadiabatic molecular dynamics methods, but they typically require explicit knowledge of the potential energy surfaces of all occupied electronic states. This requirement renders them impractical for applications in which large numbers of electronic states are occupied. The authors recently introduced the collapse to a block (TAB) decoherence correction [M. P. Esch and B. G. Levine, J. Chem. Phys. 152, 234105 (2020)], which incorporates a state-pairwise definition of decoherence time to accurately describe dynamics on more than two electronic states. In this work, TAB is extended by introduction of a scheme for efficiently computing a small number of approximate eigenstates of the electronic Hamiltonian, eliminating the need for explicit knowledge of a large number of potential energy surfaces. This adaptation of TAB for dense manifolds of states (TAB-DMS) is systematically improvable by increasing the number of computed approximate eigenstates. Application to a series of one-dimensional model problems demonstrates that TAB-DMS can be accurate when even a very modest number of approximate eigenstates are computed (four in all models tested here). Comparison of TAB simulations to exact quantum dynamical simulations indicates that TAB is quite accurate so long as the decoherence correction is carefully parameterized.
Asymptotically sharp two-sided estimate for domains of univalence of holomorphic self-maps of a disc with an invariant diameter
Authors: Kudryavtseva O. S. , Solodov A. P.
Published: September 2020

Holomorphic self-maps of the unit disc with two fixed diametrically opposite boundary points and an invariant diameter are investigated. Asymptotically sharp estimates for domains of univalence are obtained for functions in such classes, which depend on the product of the angular derivatives at the boundary fixed points.

Bibliography: 16 titles.
PIK3CA C-terminal frameshift mutations are novel oncogenic events that sensitize tumors to PI3K-α inhibition
Authors: Spangle Jennifer M. , Von Thanh , Pavlick Dean C. , Khotimsky Arina , Zhao Jean J. , Roberts Thomas M.
Published: September 2020

Significance

While
PIK3CA
hotspot mutations frequently occur in solid cancers and in some contexts are therapeutically actionable, numerous other
PIK3CA
genomic alterations have been observed but remain uncharacterized. The authors identify C-terminal
PIK3CA
frameshift mutations as oncogenic driver events dependent on p85 binding in breast cancer and other cancers. Breast cell lines and tumors expressing
PIK3CA
frameshift mutations are sensitive to PI3K inhibition via alpelisib treatment. Patients with tumors characterized by these mutations may derive clinical benefit from p110α-selective inhibition.
Exploring the landscape of model representations
Authors: Foley Thomas T. , Kidder Katherine M. , Shell M. Scott , Noid W. G.
Published: September 2020

Significance

Physical phenomena can often be described by surprisingly few order parameters. Unfortunately, it is challenging to identify these essential degrees of freedom. Here we develop a statistical physics framework for exploring the landscape of order parameters, or coarse-grained representations, for a microscopic protein model. We employ Monte Carlo methods to statistically characterize this landscape. We define metrics assessing the intrinsic quality of each representation for preserving the configurational information and large-scale motions of the underlying microscopic model. Interestingly, these metrics are anticorrelated in low-resolution representations. Moreover, below a critical resolution, a phase transition qualitatively distinguishes superior and inferior representations. Finally, we relate our work to recent approaches for clustering graphs and detecting communities in networks.
A CRISPR homing gene drive targeting a haplolethal gene removes resistance alleles and successfully spreads through a cage population
Authors: Champer Jackson , Yang Emily , Lee Esther , Liu Jingxian , Clark Andrew G. , Messer Philipp W.
Published: September 2020

Significance

CRISPR gene drives have sparked considerable interest among scientists and the public alike due to their potential for genetic alteration of entire species. However, despite the initial hype, experiments soon revealed that such drives suffer from a critical flaw—the rapid evolution of resistance alleles. These alleles are frequently formed when CRISPR-induced cleavage is repaired by end joining and will hinder the spread of the drive. Here, we present a CRISPR homing drive that was able to successfully spread to all individuals in a laboratory cage study in
Drosophila melanogaster
without any apparent evolution of resistance. The drive achieves this by targeting a haplolethal gene, resulting in individuals with resistance alleles being nonviable due to disruption of the target gene.
ORAI1 and ORAI2 modulate murine neutrophil calcium signaling, cellular activation, and host defense
Authors: Grimes Derayvia , Johnson Ryan , Pashos Madeline , Cummings Celeste , Kang Chen , Sampedro Georgia R. , Tycksen Eric , McBride Helen J. , Sah Rajan , Lowell Clifford A. , Clemens Regina A.
Published: September 2020

Significance

Neutrophils are essential for host defense against pathogens. Although calcium signals direct numerous cell functions, the molecular machinery that orchestrates calcium influx into neutrophils is poorly defined. We demonstrate that ORAI1 and ORAI2 are key components of the mouse neutrophil calcium release-activated calcium channel and are essential for neutrophil bactericidal function. We find that neutrophils separate into two populations with distinct regulation of the membrane potential during calcium influx, which influences the magnitude of SOCE and the effect of ORAI isoform deficiency. These findings advance understanding of the mechanics of neutrophil calcium signaling, identify neutrophil subpopulations where the cell-membrane potential modulates the calcium response, and suggest mechanisms that regulate neutrophil function during infection and inflammation.
Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activates O
2
by electron transfer
Authors: Bathellier Camille , Yu Li-Juan , Farquhar Graham D. , Coote Michelle L. , Lorimer George H. , Tcherkez Guillaume
Published: September 2020

Significance

Despite its enormous evolutionary success (it is the carboxylating enzyme of all photosynthetic pathways from microorganisms to higher plants), Rubisco is rather inefficient due to wasteful competitive inhibition by molecular oxygen. Quite critically, the intimate mechanism of O
2
addition is unknown. We show here that isotope effects (
13
C,
18
O,
25
Mg, or
2
H) and high level computations of redox potential are all consistent with oxygen acting as an oxidant in a redox reaction generating superoxide which then attacks the substrate. Our results explain why the elimination of oxygenation by enzymatic bioengineering is so difficult, because it would require a drastic change in electrostatic and/or redox potential of the substrate, and this would alter carboxylation activity.
Late lactation in small mammals is a critically sensitive window of vulnerability to elevated ambient temperature
Authors: Zhao Zhi-Jun , Hambly Catherine , Shi Lu-Lu , Bi Zhong-Qiang , Cao Jing , Speakman John R.
Published: September 2020

Significance

Models of future climate change have tended to focus on changes in average temperature, which in physiological terms are relatively trivial. Of more physiological importance is the future elevated risk of heat waves. We show here that during peak lactation in two species of small rodent the upper lethal temperature is reduced by around 3 to 6 °C, making this time a critically sensitive period to hot ambient temperatures. If these effects are confirmed in studies of wild rodents, they would point to large potential population impacts that are ignored in current models. Studies of the impact of high temperatures on wild small rodents are urgently required to fill this knowledge gap.
Kindlin-3 loss curbs chronic myeloid leukemia in mice by mobilizing leukemic stem cells from protective bone marrow niches
Authors: Krenn Peter William , Koschmieder Steffen , Fässler Reinhard
Published: September 2020

Significance

Current leukemia treatments focus on targeting leukemic cells and neglect the influence of the malignant BM environment, which is modified to nurture and protect LSCs. By abrogating K3-mediated integrin adhesion of LSCs to BM niches, either through genetics or an LSC-specific RNA aptamer-mediated K3-siRNA delivery, we impaired integrin-mediated niche retention of LSCs, slowed down the course of leukemia in vivo, and prolonged the survival of mice suffering from CML. Therefore, delivering K3-depleting compounds via tumor-specific surface receptors represents a strategy to abolish the function of multiple integrin classes on LSCs and interactions with numerous niche components at once.
Interfacial plasticity facilitates high reaction rate of
E. coli
FAS malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase, FabD
Authors: Misson Laetitia E. , Mindrebo Jeffrey T. , Davis Tony D. , Patel Ashay , McCammon J. Andrew , Noel Joseph P. , Burkart Michael D.
Published: September 2020

Significance

The essential role of acyltransferases (ATs) in fatty acid synthase (FAS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) pathways, namely the selection and loading of starter and extender units onto acyl carrier proteins (ACPs), relies on catalytically productive ACP–AT interactions. Here, we describe and interrogate the structure of a type II FAS malonyl-CoA:ACP-transacylase (MAT) in the covalent complex with its cognate ACP. We combine structural, mutational, crosslinking, and kinetic data with molecular dynamics simulations to describe a highly flexible and robust protein–protein interface, substrate-induced active site reorganization, and key subdomain motions that likely govern AT function. These findings strengthen a mechanistic understanding of molecular recognition between ACPs and partner enzymes and provide insights for engineering AT-dependent biosynthetic pathways.
Victorin, the host-selective cyclic peptide toxin from the oat pathogen
Cochliobolus victoriae
, is ribosomally encoded
Authors: Kessler Simon C. , Zhang Xianghui , McDonald Megan C. , Gilchrist Cameron L. M. , Lin Zeran , Rightmyer Adriana , Solomon Peter S. , Turgeon B. Gillian , Chooi Yit-Heng
Published: September 2020

Significance

Studies of the 1940s Victoria blight of oats epidemic discovered that some fungal pathogens secrete HSTs responsible for symptom development and specificity of the associated disease. The causal necrotrophic pathogen of Victoria blight,
C. victoriae
, secretes the peptide HST victorin, which was, subsequently, shown to constitute a novel class of effectors that exploit host immunity pathways aimed at repelling biotrophic pathogens. Although these discoveries have broadened our mechanistic understanding of plant-pathogen interactions, the genetic and biochemical origins of victorin have remained elusive. Here, we solve this decades-old mystery by demonstrating that victorin is produced ribosomally, not, as assumed, by nonribosomal peptide synthetase. Furthermore, we identify a CAO enzyme responsible for converting victorin to its active form.
Untethered control of functional origami microrobots with distributed actuation
Authors: Novelino Larissa S. , Ze Qiji , Wu Shuai , Paulino Glaucio H. , Zhao Ruike
Published: September 2020

Significance

Over the past decade, origami has unfolded engineering applications leading to tunable, deployable, and multifunctional systems. Origami-inspired structures currently rely on the use of actuation methods that are pneumatic, mechanical, stimuli-responsive, etc. These actuation strategies commonly lead to bulky actuators, extra wiring, slow speed, or fail to provide a local and distributed actuation. In this work, we introduce a magnetically responsive origami system to expand its shape-changing capability for multifunctionality. We anticipate that the reported magnetic origami system is applicable beyond the bounds of this work, including robotics, morphing mechanisms, biomedical devices, and outer space structures.
Geodesic fibrations for packing diabolic domains
Authors: Kamien Randall D. , Machon Thomas
Published: September 2020

Significance

Throughout nature, materials split into local domains. Understanding how these domains may fit together is key to understanding the materials. We describe a theory of hyperboloid “diabolic” domains in liquid crystalline systems. We show how these diabolic domains pack together, deriving a set of mathematical rules based on the Lorentz transformations of special relativity, and the complex geometry of four-dimensional space. We demonstrate that these diabolic domains may form the basis for a number of phases of matter.
Fine pattern formation with solder paste using screen printing with stainless steel mesh-cut screen mask
Authors: Nomura Ken-ichi , Horii Yoshinori , Koshi Tomoya , Yoshida Manabu , Ushijima Hirobumi , Matsuo Hiroyuki , Ouchida Takayuki , Kotsubo Yoshiharu , Kurata Yuji
Published: September 2020

Stencil contact printing is widely used to fabricate conductive patterns, and it is particularly used with solder paste to create interconnections. However, stencil contact printing is becoming inefficient for electronic components owing to the ever decreasing size of the components. An alternative method for fine pattern formation is screen printing, i.e. gap printing with a screen mask, which exploits the thixotropic characteristics of solder paste. Nevertheless, the mesh of the screen mask prevents the paste from permeating, resulting in irregular patterns. To address this issue, we propose gap printing with a mesh-cut screen mask. In this paper, we describe the fabrication procedure of the mask, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed printing in the formation of fine and thick circular patterns; the patterns are shown to have low variations in size compared with conventional printing methods. The proposed method is expected to contribute to the further miniaturisation of electronic devices.
Fabrication and characterization of a fully conventionally machined, high-performance porous-media electrospray thruster
Authors: Natisin M R , Zamora H L , McGehee W A , Arnold N I , Holley Z A , Holmes M R , Eckhardt D
Published: September 2020

While electrospray devices have been used in a variety of applications for decades, they have recently seen a surge in research within the field of electric propulsion. These research efforts have helped significantly improve the understanding of electrospray thruster operation and optimization, however they have primarily been focused on capillary-based, droplet emitting devices due to the more readily available manufacturing techniques. In contrast, ion emitting, porous-media-based electrospray devices are less developed both theoretically and experimentally. Presented here are fabrication methods and thruster characterization results for an entirely conventionally machined, high performance porous-media electrospray thruster. The goal of this work was to explore the performance capabilities of an ion-mode electrospray thruster which could be fabricated and tested rapidly using techniques readily available to virtually any institution, with the hope of enabling more academic and industrial development of this technology. The thruster described here consisted of 576 emitters conventionally machined out of porous borosilicate glass and is able to maintain stable operation up to ± 700 µA of emitted ion current. The overall thruster design is described, and detailed fabrication steps are presented for this device. Additionally, performance characteristics are discussed for both positive and negative ion emission, including I–V curves and direct thrust measurements, as well as measurements of the emitted ion angular, 2D spatial, mass, and energy distributions. Examples of the performance of this device compared to other devices found in the literature are also discussed.
On cold atmospheric-pressure plasma jet induced DNA damage in cells
Authors: Gaur Nishtha , Kurita Hirofumi , Oh Jun-Seok , Miyachika Saki , Ito Masafumi , Mizuno Akira , Cowin Allison J , Allinson Sarah , Short Robert D , Szili Endre J
Published: September 2020

To investigate the potential role of the hydroxyl radical (•OH) in cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) jet treatment, two fluorescence-based methodologies are utilised to measure DNA strand breaks. The first comprises a model system of a double-stranded DNA oligomer, where the respective strand ends are tagged with fluorophore and quencher molecules; and the second, a cell culture system reporting DNA strand breaks using the γ-H2AX assay. During the various CAP jet treatments, optical emission spectroscopy is used to detect the •OH in the gas phase and electron spin resonance is used to detect the •OH in solution. The CAP jet production of the •OH is shown to correlate to CAP jet induced DNA damage both with the DNA model and in biological cells. Results indicate that the CAP jet induces a higher degree of DNA damage when the CAP plume is in contact with the target solution. The potential of a ‘plasma screen’ based upon a hydrogel film, as a method to remove the DNA-damaging •OH species from reaching skin cells, is shown to significantly reduce DNA damage whilst facilitating the delivery of hydrogen peroxide. These findings could aid in the development of CAP jet-based applications where DNA damage is the objective (e.g. in cancer treatment) and others where it is to be avoided, e.g. in open-wound treatment and dermatology.
XAD-2 resin modified by nanosecond pulsed discharge to improve the adsorption capacity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Wang Hongli , Yang Dezheng , Xu Qingnan , Yuan Hao , Zhou Xiongfeng , Wang Wenchun
Published: September 2020

In this study, nanosecond pulsed discharge plasma is employed to treat the XAD-2 resins in the purpose of improving its adsorption capacity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The discharge images, waveforms of pulse voltage and discharge current, and optical emission spectra are measured to investigate the plasma characteristics. The scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are employed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of raw and modified XAD-2 resins. It is found that the adsorption capacity of modified XAD-2 resins for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is obviously improved. The adsorption capacity of XAD-2 resins modified by plasma increased by 70% in 10 min adsorption time under the optimal conditions of 20 min treatment time and artificial air. The reason for the improved adsorption capacity is attributed to the increase of specific surface area, the number of 28–33 nm micro-mesopores, and relative intensity of oxygen-containing functional groups (C=O, C–O, and COOH). The possible mechanism of plasma modification of XAD-2 resin is also proposed.
Machine learning for condensed matter physics
Authors: Bedolla Edwin , Padierna Luis Carlos , Castañeda-Priego Ramón
Published: September 2020

Condensed matter physics (CMP) seeks to understand the microscopic interactions of matter at the quantum and atomistic levels, and describes how these interactions result in both mesoscopic and macroscopic properties. CMP overlaps with many other important branches of science, such as chemistry, materials science, statistical physics, and high-performance computing. With the advancements in modern machine learning (ML) technology, a keen interest in applying these algorithms to further CMP research has created a compelling new area of research at the intersection of both fields. In this review, we aim to explore the main areas within CMP, which have successfully applied ML techniques to further research, such as the description and use of ML schemes for potential energy surfaces, the characterization of topological phases of matter in lattice systems, the prediction of phase transitions in off-lattice and atomistic simulations, the interpretation of ML theories with physics-inspired frameworks and the enhancement of simulation methods with ML algorithms. We also discuss in detail the main challenges and drawbacks of using ML methods on CMP problems, as well as some perspectives for future developments.
A microcontroller-based interface circuit for non-linear resistive sensors
Authors: Reverter Ferran
Published: September 2020

This article proposes a circuit based on a microcontroller unit (MCU) for the direct measurement and linearization of non-linear resistive sensors, such as thermistors. The measurement relies on an embedded digital timer and does not require (either embedded or external) operational amplifiers or an analog-to-digital converter, thus resulting in a low-cost, low-power design solution. The circuit includes a known resistor with a twofold function: it is a reference for circuit auto-calibration purposes, and it is in parallel with the non-linear resistive sensor for linearization purposes. A prototype is implemented with an 8-bit MCU (ATtiny 2313) applied to a commercial thermistor, and the results show a non-linearity error smaller than 1% full-scale span.
Ultra-porous Co foam supported FeCoP electrode for high efficiency hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Pei Yuantao , Zhang Haijun , Han Lei , Huang Liang , Dong Longhao , Jia Quanli , Zhang Shaowei
Published: September 2020

Development an alternative approach to efficiently and economically produce hydrogen from water to replace non-renewable fossil fuels is one of the great challenges in the energy field. In this paper, a Co foam (CF) with 90% porosity and pore size of a few tens of micrometers was prepared, on which FeCoP nanoflowers were in-situ formed. Such a combination was used as a new electrocatalyst/self-supporting electrode for high efficiency hydrogen evolution reaction. Thanks to the larger surface area (and thus many more active sites), and quicker mass transfer through the porous structure, the CF supported FeCoP electrode exhibited much better hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance than the commercial Ni foam supported counterpart prepared under identical conditions. In the case of the former, only −44 mV overpotential was required to achieve a geometric current density of −10 mA cm−2, and the electrode showed a high stability at a current density < −500 mA cm−2. The electrode developed in this work could be potentially used as a novel electrode for future large-scale production of hydrogen. In addition, the novel strategy reported here could be similarly used to develop many other types of self-supporting electrodes with further improved HER performance.
Evolution mechanism of principal modes in climate dynamics
Authors: Zhang Yongwen , Fan Jingfang , Li Xiaoteng , Liu Wenqi , Chen Xiaosong
Published: September 2020

Eigen analysis has been a powerful tool to distinguish multiple processes into different simple principal modes in complex systems. For a non-equilibrium system, the principal modes corresponding to the non-equilibrium processes are usually evolving with time. Here, we apply the eigen analysis into the complex climate systems. In particular, based on the daily surface air temperature in the tropics (30° S–30° N, 0° E–360° E) between 1979-01-01 and 2016-12-31, we uncover that the strength of two dominated intra-annual principal modes represented by the eigenvalues significantly changes with the El Ni

n

̃

o/southern oscillation from year to year. Specifically, according to the ‘regional correlation’ introduced for the first intra-annual principal mode, we find that a sharp positive peak of the correlation between the El Ni

n

̃

o region and the northern (southern) hemisphere usually signals the beginning (end) of the El Ni

n

̃

o. We discuss the underlying physical mechanism and suppose that the evolution of the first intra-annual principal mode is related to the meridional circulations; the evolution of the second intra-annual principal mode responds positively to the Walker circulation. Our framework presented here not only facilitates the understanding of climate systems but also can potentially be used to study the dynamical evolution of other natural or engineering complex systems.
Distinguishing false and true positive detections of high frequency oscillations
Authors: Gliske Stephen V , Qin Zihan , Lau Katy , Alvarado-Rojas Catalina , Salami Pariya , Zelmann Rina , Stacey William C
Published: September 2020

Objective. High frequency oscillations (HFOs) are a promising biomarker of tissue that instigates seizures. However, ambiguous data and random background fluctuations can cause any HFO detector (human or automated) to falsely label non-HFO data as an HFO (a false positive detection). The objective of this paper was to identify quantitative features of HFOs that distinguish between true and false positive detections. Approach. Feature selection was performed using background data in multi-day, interictal intracranial recordings from ten patients. We selected the feature most similar between randomly selected segments of background data and HFOs detected in surrogate background data (false positive detections by construction). We then compared these results with fuzzy clustering of detected HFOs in clinical data to verify the feature’s applicability. We validated the feature is sensitive to false versus true positive HFO detections by using an independent data set (six subjects) scored for HFOs by three human reviewers. Lastly, we compared the effect of redacting putative false positive HFO detections on the distribution of HFOs across channels and their association with seizure onset zone (SOZ) and resected volume (RV). Main results. Of the 15 analyzed features, the analysis selected only skewness of the curvature (skewCurve). The feature was validated in human scored data to be associated with distinguishing true and false positive HFO detections. Automated HFO detections with higher skewCurve were more focal based on entropy measures and had increased localization to both the SOZ and RV. Significance. We identified a quantitative feature of HFOs which helps distinguish between true and false positive detections. Redacting putative false positive HFO detections improves the specificity of HFOs as a biomarker of epileptic tissue.
Searches for pair production of charginos and top squarks in final states with two oppositely charged leptons at CMS experiment
Authors: Chazin B
Published: September 2020

A search for pair production of supersymmetric particles in events with two oppositely charged leptons and missing transverse momentum is reported. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector during the 2016 data taking period at the LHC. No significant deviation is observed from the predicted standard model background. The results are interpreted in terms of several simplified models for chargino and top squark pair production, assuming R-parity conservation and with the neutralino as the lightest supersymmetric particle.
Global aridity changes due to differences in surface energy and water balance between 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming
Authors: Takeshima Akira , Kim Hyungjun , Shiogama Hideo , Lierhammer Ludwig , Scinocca John F , Seland Øyvind , Mitchell Dann
Published: September 2020

Increased aridity and drought risks are significant global concerns. However, there are few comprehensive studies on the related risks with regard to the differences between relatively weak levels of warming, including the recent targets of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) of 1.5 °C or 2 °C. The present study investigates the impacts of 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming on aridification and their non-linearity based on the relationship between available water and energy at the Earth’s terrestrial surface. Large multi-model ensembles with a 4000-model-year in total are sourced from the Half a degree Additional warming, Prognosis, and Projected Impacts (HAPPI) project. Results demonstrate that 2 °C warming results in more frequent dry states in the Amazon Basin, western Europe, and southern Africa, and a limited warming to 1.5 °C will mitigate aridification and increase the frequency of extreme dry-year in these regions. In the Mediterranean region, a significant acceleration of aridification is found from the 1.5 °C to 2 °C warming projections, which indicates a need to limit the warming by 1.5 °C. A substantial portion of Asia is projected to become increasingly humid under both 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming scenarios. In some geographic regions, such as Australia, a strong nonlinear shift of aridification is found as 2 °C warming results in shift to wetter state contrast to significant increases in aridity and dry-year frequency at the weaker level of warming. The results suggest that the responses of regional precipitation to global warming cause the aridity changes, but their nonlinear behaviors along with different warming levels should be assessed carefully, in particular, to incorporate the additional 0.5 °C warming.
Analysis of coastal state regulation impact on the capacity optimization of floating storage and offloading using multi criteria decision making
Authors: Susilowati H , Gurning R O S , Artana K B , Dinariyana A A B , Setiyono H A
Published: September 2020

Floating Storage and Offloading (FSO) that is opted by most of offshore company to directly resettle crude oil and/or gas from the well during exploitation period has been commonly known as the results of the tanker conversion due to technical similarity as well as time and cost consideration. Some of the users are not aware that the compliance with the Coastal State and/or State’s institutional body where FSO will be permanently operated can be triggered to a great impact within the building and operation stages. Hence, the optimization process to satisfy all aspects such as technical, economical, and regulatory need to be conducted properly. This paper is aimed to analyse the impact of the regulations issued by a Coastal State of where FSO will be permanently operated toward the vessel capacity in the optimization process. The method used to analyse impact of regulation in optimization process is multi criteria decision making (MCDM). The mandatory provisions to convert the ship domestically is put into the influence factor of the ship optimization. Analysis result shows that cost is the most determining criteria, while coastal state’s regulation among top three aspects that influence on FSO capacity optimization.
Pre-Feasibility Study of Business Stream that Utilizing Automatic Identification System (AIS) Data
Authors: Jusuf F , Artana K B , Pratiwi E
Published: September 2020

As maritime technology becomes more advance, it produces a large number of data with various information. The information could be obtained from the system which is transmitting data such as AIS (Automatic Integrated System), VTS (Vessel Traffic Services), IBS (Integrated Bridge System), LRIT (Long-Range Identification and Tracking), and so on. An integration of this data can produce useful form of information. It leads to an opportunity for parties whose can manage those information to become a new form of business. The idea is to manage data to become information which can support maritime stakeholders. This research proposes a process in developing various business models by integrating AIS data with other relevant data and then further evaluated using a Financial Analysis. This research is expected to be a reference in fulfilling the needs of maritime stakeholder and providing an overview of businesses which are feasible to be conducted.
Cause of Electricity Supply Disruption Casuistic Assessment
Authors: Fadhilah M A , Saut Gurning R O
Published: September 2020

The port has a big role as a means of transportation in supporting the mobility of goods and people. The port is a meeting point between land and sea so that makes the port very important in the economic growth of a region. So that the operation of ports for loading and unloading must not stop or be interrupted. In many cases, one of the most frequent disruptions experienced by ports is disruptions due to electricity supply. The purpose of this study is to find the main cause of power supply disruptions in one of the container terminals as research objects. There are two factors that influence electrical supply disruption, namely external factors and internal factors. Within these factors there are several categories such as weather based, flow of transmission line, lack of maintenance, electrical current stability and lack of human resources or standard operating procedures. By analyzing the flow of electricity supply distribution in the power plants to the terminal, author can find out the main agents that cause disruption of electricity supply and the impact to the terminal. This research is expected to be used as a reference to open up insights to see all the agent that have the potential to cause disruption to the electricity supply in the terminal, so that later they can take further action.
Risk Assessment Shipping Accident of Fishing Vessel
Authors: Irvana R , Fadillah A , Manullang S
Published: September 2020

The fisheries industry continues to be one of the main contributors to economic growth. The Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia reports that the total capture fisheries production rises every year. In 2016 it was recorded to produce 6.83 million tons. Comparison of safety records from the fishing industry with other industrial sectors shows that it continues to be the most dangerous occupation with a sizeable margin. The safety and efficiency of fishing vessel fleet activities is highly dependent on the quality of management decisions. The causal relationships from accidents involving fishing vessels are identified through an analysis of emergencies and fishing incidents. The purpose of this study is to improve the safety of shipping by applying the risk of accidents of fishing vessel by using Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) methodology. The result show that Mechanical failure has a highest risk followed by Vessel Foundering, Falling Overboard and Other. With the right control measure the cost can be minimized 10 – 50 %. The cause of accident is caused by human factor. Increasing the safety of the shipping is necessary with increase the competence of human and law enforcement of shipping activities especially.
Risk Evaluation of Ferry in the Bali Straits using FMEA Method
Authors: Zaman M B , Santoso A , Hasanuddin  , Busse W
Published: September 2020

Improving marine safety of transportation is very important. The Bali Straits is a strategic area that connects between Java island and Bali island. This strait is categorized as a busy strait. Bali straits also categorized as a tourist area. The strait separates Java Island (in the west) and Bali Island (in the east). The Bali Strait is connected by ferry services to the Gilimanuk Port (in Bali) and the Ketapang Port (in Java). Marine traffic safety has given benefit for life. Total ferry operating in one day is around 32 ferries. In this study we have analyzed and evaluated risk of maritime traffic. FMEA method was developed in this paper. RPN value was determined by considering the variables O (occurrence), S (severity) and D (detection). Development of scenario was established to analyze the behavior of the accident risks, with respect to changes in the surrounding traffic condition, meteorological and geographical.
Activity-Based Fuel Oil Consumption Estimation for Calculating Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) In an Indonesian Merchant Ship
Authors: Prastowo H , Pitana T , Kusuma H P
Published: September 2020

Global shipping accounts for nearly one million tonnes of CO2 emissions annually during 2013 – 2015 period, and could grow 50%-250% by 2050 if the condition is unchanged. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) as the specialized agency responded to this issue written in MEPC.304(72) about strategy of reducing green house gas (GHG) emissions from ships. Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) is a monitoring tool based on CO2 emissions proposed by IMO written in MEPC.282(70). The purpose of this research is to evaluate factors influencing the results of EEOI. Estimation of fuel oil consumption using proposed methods by Bialystocki and Konovessis and Moreno-Gutiérrez, et al. are compared with actual fuel oil consumption resulted in average error of 20.44% and 15.45%. The EEOI results is 0.000905 ton CO2/TEU-nm for MV Meratus Benoa and 0.000509 ton CO2/TEU-nm for MV Meratus Bontang. Benchmarking process using the same voyage route revealed that MV Meratus Benoa is less efficient than MV Meratus Bontang. MV Meratus Benoa carried less average cargo than MV Meratus Bontang, while having more average fuel oil consumption. Proposed improvement for better EEOI results is improving the cargo management especially for MV Meratus Benoa and evaluation in ship’s operational setting for any specific sea conditions.
Diversity of fish in different habitat type in urban mangrove estuaries Wonorejo, Surabaya – Indonesia
Authors: Ibadah A S , Saptarini D
Published: September 2020

Mangroves are vegetation that have morphological adaptation in root type to grow in coastal area. This root type adaptation makes mangrove provide habitat for various fauna. In this study we compare fish abundance in three types of mangrove habitat (vegetated area, mangrove fringe area and mangrove sea area) in urban mangrove estuaries area of Wonorejo, Surabaya – Indonesia. A total of 26 species fish species in 17 families were collected. In terms of number of species per family, Engraulidae was the most diverse (7 species), followed by Carangidae (3 species). ANOVA analysis showed that fish abundance varies significantly in three different mangrove habitat types. Habitat type that have highest diversity of fish is mangrove sea area, followed by fringe mangrove area and vegetated area. Some specific species exclusively recorded in certain habitat type, 10 species occurring exclusively in the mangrove sea area, 7 species occurring exclusively in the mangrove fringe area but there is no fish species that exclusively occur in vegetated area. The results indicate that urban mangrove estuary area in Wonorejo has potentially provide habitat for fish, but this potency was combined by a connection of vegetated area, mangrove fringe area and mangrove sea area, not only by vegetated area.