bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the changes of ADRP+ cell population in the process of pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Tan Wei , Wang Yaru , Chen Yuhua , Chen Cheng
Published: May 2020

Background

ADRP is a marker of lung lipofibroblasts. Lipofibroblasts play an important role in assist type 2 alveolar epithelial cells function in peripheral lung tissue. Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by continuous irreversible destruction of peripheral lung tissue. The expression of ADRP and the role of ADRP+ cells in pulmonary fibrosis are of interest to us.
Methods

Quantitative PCR as well as immunohistochemical multiplex staining were used to analyze the expression of ADRP during lung development, bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and identify the type and function of ADRP+ cells during pulmonary fibrosis lesions.
Results

ADRP+ cells were found to decrease gradually from birth to adulthood. During pulmonary fibrosis, the expression of ADRP increased gradually, while another marker of lipofibroblast, the expression of PDGFRα decreased. There was a co-localization relationship between macrophage marker CD68 and ADRP. Both M1-type and M2-type macrophages can express ADRP in the early stage of pulmonary fibrosis. While in the subsequent pulmonary fibrosis process, M1-type ADRP+ macrophages gradually decrease, while the ADRP+ cells were mainly M2-type macrophages. ADRP+ M2-type macrophages can release S100A4 and distribute around the lesion area of pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis gradually developed as M2-polarized macrophages replaced M1 to become the main population of pulmonary ADRP+ macrophages
Conclusion

In the process of pulmonary fibrosis, a large number of ADRP+ cells are macrophages, including M1 and M2 types successively. The aggregation site of ADRP+ M2-type macrophages indicates that fibrosis damage is about to or has already occurred. This study may provide a new research direction for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Carrageenan oligosaccharides and their degrading bacteria induce intestinal inflammation in germ-free mouse
Authors: Yin Yeshi , Li Miaomiao , Gu Weizhong , Zeng Benhua , Liu Wei , Zhu Liying , Pi Xionge , Primerano Donald A , Yu Hongwei D , Wei Hong , Yu Guangli , Wang Xin
Published: May 2020

Background: Carrageenans (CGNs) are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the safety of CGNs is still under debate, because degraded CGNs have been reported to promote an intestinal inflammatory response in animal models. Here, we studied the relationship among CGNs, human gut microbiota, and the host inflammatory response.Methods: TLC was selected for detecting the degradation of KCPs by human gut microbiota in vitro batch fermentation system. PCR-DGGE and real time PCR were used for studying bacterial community. ESI-MS was used for KCPs structure analysis. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA-seq were used to evaluated the KCPs on host inflammation response in germ-free mice.Results: Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) data showed that CGNs with a molecular weight (Mw) higher than 100 kDa are not degraded by human fecal microbiota, but low Mw CGNs with an Mw around ~4.5 kDa (KCOs) could be degraded by seven of eight human fecal microbiota samples. KCO degrading B. xylanisolvens was isolated from fecal samples, and PCR-DGGE profiling with band sequencing suggested that B. xylanisolvens was the key KCO degrader in the human gut. Two putative κ-carrageenase genes were identified in the genome sequence of B. xylanisolvens. However, their function on KCO degrading was not verified in vitro. And the sulfate group from KCO is not removed after in vitro degradation by human fecal microbiota, as shown by ESI-MS analysis. The effects of KCO and KCO degrading bacteria on the inflammatory response were investigated in germ-free mice. Increased numbers of P-P38-, CD3a-, and CD79a-positive cells were found in the colon and rectum in mice fed with KCO plus KCO degrading bacteria than in mice fed with only KCO or only B. xylanisolvens and E. coli, as shown by RNA-Seq analysis, HE staining, and IHC. Conclusion: Our data suggested that the presence of KCO degrading bacteria promote the pro-inflammatory effects of CGNs.
Competitive exclusion and metabolic dependency among microorganisms structure the cellulose economy of agricultural soil
Authors: Wilhelm Roland C , Pepe-Ranney Charles , Weisenhorn Pamela , Lipton Mary , Buckley Daniel H.
Published: May 2020

Background Microorganisms that degrade cellulose utilize extracellular processes that yield free intermediates which promote interactions with non-cellulolytic organisms. We hypothesized that these interactions determine the ecological and physiological traits governing the fate of cellulosic carbon (C) in soil. We used data from a metagenomic-SIP experiment to perform comparative genomics and characterize the attributes of cellulolytic and non-cellulolytic taxa accessing 13C from cellulose. We hypothesized that cellulolytic taxa would exhibit competitive traits to limit access, while non-cellulolytic taxa would display metabolic dependency, such as signatures of adaptive gene loss. We tested our hypotheses by evaluating genomic traits indicative of competitive exclusion or metabolic dependency, such as antibiotic production, growth rate, surface attachment, biomass degrading potential and auxotrophy.Results The most 13C-enriched taxa were cellulolytic Cellvibrio (Gammaproteobacteria) and Chaetomium (Ascomycota), which exhibited a strategy of self-sufficiency (prototrophy), rapid growth, and competitive exclusion via antibiotic production. Auxotrophy was more prevalent in cellulolytic Actinobacteria than in cellulolytic Proteobacteria, demonstrating differences in dependency among cellulose degraders. Non-cellulolytic taxa that accessed 13C from cellulose (Planctomycetales, Verrucomicrobia and Vampirovibrionales) were highly dependent, as indicated by patterns of auxotrophy and 13C-labeling (i.e. partial labelling or labeling at later-stages). Major 13C-labeled cellulolytic microbes (e.g. Sorangium, Actinomycetales, Rhizobiales and Caulobacteraceae) possessed adaptations for surface colonization (e.g. gliding motility, hyphae, attachment structures) signifying the importance of surface ecology in decomposition. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that access to cellulose was accompanied by ecological trade-offs characterized by differing degrees of metabolic dependency and competitive exclusion. These trade-offs influence microbial growth dynamics on particulate organic carbon and reveal that the fate of carbon is governed by a complex economy within the microbial community. We propose three ecological groups to describe participants in this economy: (i) independent primary degraders, (ii) integrated primary degraders and (iii) mutualists, opportunists and parasites. The relative importance and taxonomic composition of these groups reported here should be considered context dependent, likely reflecting disturbance and management practices common to agricultural soils.
Elevated plasma Sirtuin2 level predicts heart failure after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Zheng Meili , Zhao Lei , Sun Hao , Chen Mulei , Yang Xinchun
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives: There is currently no evidence regarding the role of plasma Sirtuin2 (SIRT2) level in heart failure after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) yet. This study assessed the relationship between plasma SIRT2 level and AMI, and also investigated the association of plasma SIRT2 level with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and heart failure after AMI. Methods and Results: A total of 129 AMI patients were included in the present study. The major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and heart failure were recorded during hospitalization and follow-up (12 months) after discharge. According to the 75th percentile value of plasma SIRT2 level, we divided all the AMI patients into two groups: high level group (plasma SIRT2 level≥109.0pg/ml) and low level group (plasma SIRT2 level <109.0pg/ml). Compared with the low level group, the high level group had higher prercentage of Killip class≥3 (P<0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) <50% (P=0.007) or even <40% (P=0.012), use of breathing machine(P=0.003), and higher plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level (P=0.006). Multivariate regression analysis showed that there were higher risks of MACE (hazard ratio (HR)=11.20 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.18-39.52, P<0.001]) and heart failure (HR=27.10 [95%CI 4.65-157.83, P<0.001]) in the high level group. Conclusions: The present study suggested that plasma SIRT2 level is a promising biomarker to predict heart failure and MACE after AMI.
Improving the machining accuracy of low-rigid details on the computer numerically controlled lathe machine
Authors: Starostin Andrey Pavlovich
Published: May 2020

The article describes a method for calculating the motion trajectory of a turning tool on a numerically controlled machine to compensate elastic strain when processing a raw part. When sharpening rotary bodies with low rigidity, elastic strain occurs under the action of the cutting force Py, that has a negative impact on the accuracy of the machined surface. As a result, a fault appears in the barrel-shaped and saddle-shaped form, or a combination of these faults, depending on the rigidity of the machine and its individual parts. Based on a mathematical model of elastic strain with a constant cutting depth, this fault had been determined, which was subsequently compensated by the use of a modiﬁed trajectory. Thus, when processing, the required diameter is obtained with minimal defects, which in turn will have a positive impact on the reduction of the processing steps of the entire detail, as well as the reduction of mold defect and improving the quality of part process.
Comparison analysis of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin induced Autophagy mechanisms in Macrophages Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and THP-1
Authors: Zhu Mengyi , Hong Danping , Li Ouyang , Hassan Ahmed Salah , Li Yanqin , Alam Nafee-ul , Ou Wen-Bin , Wu Yuehong
Published: May 2020

Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health problem and the leading cause of mortality by a single infectious agent. TB is a chronic infectious disease that is primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Macrophage (Mφ) are the main hosts of Mtb, the interaction between Mtb and Mφ plays an important role in the pathogenesis of TB.Summary The macrophages used in the current study are mostly derived from tumor cell lines or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), but the application of such cells still have many problems needed to be sloved, such as the loss of function due to changes in genetic structure and the difficulty in cell acquisition. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS) represent an innovative source for the standardized in vitro generation of Mφ, and show novel promise in exploring disease pathogenesis, particularly TB. Current studies have revealed that autophagy plays a central role in the interaction between Mtb and Mφ, but the molecular mechanism involoved remains unclear and the exact role of hiPS-derived macrophages (hiPS-Mφ) in regulating autophagy induced by Mtb also remains unclear. To investigate the similarities and differences in hiPS-Mφ and THP-1-Mφ in anti-tuberculosis immunity, this study successfully obtained macrophages derived from hiPS and THP-1, then explored the mechanism behind Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-induced autophagy through transcriptome sequencing analysis, qPCR, Western Blot Analysis and cell submicroscopic structure observation etc.. Our findings revealed that BCG infection of hiPS-Mφ and THP-1-Mφ would promote autophagy by regulating the expression of autophagy-related genes, which also indicated that the BCG-induced autophagy in hiPS-Mφ and THP-1-Mφ may be associated with PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. However, there are some differences in the mechanism by which BCG infects macrophages from different sources and induces autophagy. Considering the above findings, we have provided novel insights into the role of macrophages along with autophagy in the anti-tuberculosis immune mechanism and the possibility of establishing an in vitro hiPS-Mφ-TB disease model.
Covid-19 infection without respiratory symptoms: case report of diagnosing a 14 year-old patient with acute abdomen
Authors: Goshayeshi Ladan , Milani Nasrin , Bergqueist Robert , Sadrzadeh Sayyed Majid , Rajabzadeh Farnood , Hoseini Benyamin
Published: May 2020

Background. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is expanding worldwide. Although it seems to be a purely respiratory disease, occasional reports of lesions in other organs have been published. We report here an asymptomatic child Covid-19 patient with the main symptom of abdominal pain distension and without any respiratory symptoms.Case presentation. A 14 year-old male patient without respiratory involvement but with main complaints of fever, malaise, anorexia, and severe abdominal pain was admitted to a hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Following general anaesthesia, laparotomy revealed distension of the small intestine and an adhesive ileo-caecal band that had produced ileum herniation without free fluid in the abdomen. The band was surgically severed and the patient referred to the recovery room. Because of pulse rate of 36-40 per min and respiratory rate of 140 and a saturated O2 of 86%, the patient was referred to the intensive care unit. Chest X-ray and high-resolution computed tomography of the lungs showed bilateral, diffuse, peripheral dense areas of ground-glass appearance. A nasopharyngeal swab for Covid-19 diagnosis, ordered due to lymphopenia together with these diffuse lung infiltrations, showed a positive result. This led to drug treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, ribavirin/oseltamivir and meropenem. The patient was febrile and developed tachycardia on the third day accompanied with a respiratory rate of 44/min. At this point, tracheal intubation was done but the patient died after 3 hours due to cardiac arrest.Conclusions. The case report brings forth the hypothesis that the gastrointestinal manifestation may be untypical symptoms of Covid-19 infection, and highlights the importance for the diagnosis to be based on combined laboratory-based data and scanning imagery.
O ALCANCE DO DIREITO AO “ESQUECIMENTO” NO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO EM RELAÇÃO AO CONTROLE DE DADOS DAS PESSOAS FÍSICAS NA INTERNET
Authors: FERREIRA Rafaella Couto
Published: May 2020

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar o alcance do direito ao esquecimento na internet tendo em vista o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e os dados pessoais da pessoa física. Para isto, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, pelo método hipotético dedutivo, conclui-se que a ausência de uma previsão legal específica não constitui óbice ao seu reconhecimento. No entanto, ressalta-se a importância de estabelecer um instrumento legal específico para uma maior efetivação deste direito, de modo a estabelecer também as suas limitações e prevenir o risco de discricionariedade em sua aplicação, em prol da liberdade de expressão, direito à informação e memória coletiva.
O PAPEL DO ADVOGADO NA GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA ATRAVÉS DO COMPLIANCE E DA GESTÃO DE RISCOS
Authors: ANDRADE Priscilla De , RODRIGUES Maria Rafaela Junqueira Bruno
Published: May 2020

Fato notório em dias atuais é a presença de riscos nas empresas e a necessidade de mudança de postura para que haja seu melhor enfrentamento; com vistas a apresentar uma possibilidade para que essa realidade ocorra, a presente pesquisa visou estabelecer o papel do advogado na governança corporativa através da criação de programas de compliance e da gestão de riscos pelas empresas brasileiras. A adoção de programas de compliance e o importante papel do advogado para que haja sua implantação tem respaldo na legislação vigorante, que tentou regulamentar a situação fática, devendo não somente o tema, mas a legislação serem cada vez mais conhecidos e estudados, com vistas às melhorias de manutenção econômica das empresas, que reflete na sociedade de forma positiva. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa consistiu no levantamento teórico interdisciplinar bibliográfico sobre à temática, consubstanciado em referenciais teóricos, artigos científicos dos cursos de Administração e Direito, para se estabelecer os conceitos necessários para compor o objetivo e o objeto da pesquisa e demais materiais encontrados via Web. Essa pesquisa trata do papel do advogado na governança corporativa, uma análise sobre os programas de compliance e modelos de governança corporativa com ênfase nos aspectos jurídicos. No entanto, em que pese o resultado ter sido alcançado, pois, o advogado terá através de seu desempenho profissional com relação à implantação do compliance nas empresas um papel extremamente importante para o contexto empresarial, social e econômico, não houve pretensão de se esgotar a temática, mas simplesmente apresentar um viés de possibilidade ao enfrentamento dos problemas que hoje se evidenciam nas empresas, pela falta de programas dessa natureza.
Are quasicrystals really so rare in the Universe?
Authors: Bindi Luca , Dmitrienko Vladimir E. , Steinhardt Paul J.
Published: May 2020

Until 2009, the only known quasicrystals were synthetic, formed in the laboratory under highly controlled conditions. Conceivably, the only quasicrystals in the Milky Way, perhaps even in the Universe, were the ones fabricated by humans, or so it seemed. Then came the report that a quasicrystal with icosahedral symmetry had been discovered inside a rock recovered from a remote stream in far eastern Russia, and later that the rock proved to be an extraterrestrial, a piece of a rare CV3 carbonaceous chondrite meteorite (known as Khatyrka) that formed 4.5 billion years ago in the pre-solar nebula. At present, the only known examples of natural quasicrystals are from the Khatyrka meteorite. Does that mean that quasicrystals must be extremely rare in the Universe? In this speculative essay, we present several reasons why the answer might be no. In fact, quasicrystals may prove to be among the most ubiquitous minerals found in the Universe.
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in Children: An Updated Review
Authors: Leung Alexander K.C. , Barankin Benjamin , Leong Kin Fon
Published: May 2020

Background:

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is an IgA-mediated systemic smallvessel
vasculitis with a predilection for the skin, gastrointestinal tract, joints, and kidneys. It is the
most common form of systemic vasculitis in children.

Objective:

The study aimed to familiarize physicians with the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations,
evaluation, and management of children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

Methods :

A PubMed search was conducted in January 2020 in Clinical Queries using the key terms
“Henoch-Schönlein purpura” OR “IgA vasculitis” OR “anaphylactoid purpura”. The search
strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies,
and reviews published within the past 10 years. Only papers published in the English literature
were included in this review. This paper is based on, but not limited to, the search results.

Results:

Globally, the incidence of HSP is 10 to 20 cases per 100, 000 children per year. Approximately
90% of cases occur in children between 2 and 10 years of age, with a peak incidence at 4 to
7 years. The diagnosis should be based on the finding of palpable purpura in the presence of at least
one of the following criteria, namely, diffuse abdominal pain, arthritis or arthralgia, renal involvement
(hematuria and/or proteinuria), and a biopsy showing predominant IgA deposition. Most
cases are self-limited. The average duration of the disease is 4 weeks. Long-term complications are
rare and include persistent hypertension and end-stage kidney disease. Therapy consists of general
and supportive measures as well as treatment of the sequelae of the vasculitis. Current evidence
does not support the universal treatment of HSP patients with corticosteroids. Oral corticosteroids
may be considered for HSP patients with severe gastrointestinal pain and gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Conclusions:

Most cases of HSP have an excellent outcome, with renal involvement being the most
important prognostic factor in determining morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, early steroid
treatment does not reduce the incidence and severity of nephropathy in children with HSP. In HSP
children who have severe nephritis or renal involvement with proteinuria of greater than 3 months,
an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker should be considered in
addition to corticosteroids to prevent and/or limit secondary glomerular injury.
Expulsion from the Motherland: Association between Depression & Health-Related Quality of Life for Ethnic Rohingya Living with Refugee Status in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain K M Amran , Walton Lori M. , Arafat S. M. Yasir , Maybee Nidiorin , Sarker Rubel Hossen , Ahmed Shahoriar , Kabir Feroz
Published: May 2020

Background:

The Rohingyas are an ethnic minority group from Myanmar who have experienced severe forms of violence such as murder, rape, humanitarian defilement and forcible expellation from their motherland. Exposure to trauma has a long-lasting impact on psychological well-being and Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL).

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of depression and association with HRQoL for Rohingya displaced persons.

Methodology:

This was a prospective, cross-sectional study in two refugee camps in Southern Bangladesh, with a structured and language validated questionnaire.

Results:

The study indicates the prevalence of depression was 70% (n=150 respondents), with 8.7% reporting “severe depression” in PHQ-9. WHOQOL-BREF scores were inversely associated with symptoms on the depression scale with a strong and significant correlation (r= 0.652; p<0.01) in total and physical health; psychological (r= 0.757, p<0.01), social relationship (r= 0.479, p<0.01), environment (r= 0.443, p<0.01), increasing age (r= 0.272, p<0.01), severity of depression (r= 0.489, p<0.01). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant correlation with overall quality of life with same variables subsequently (r =0.600, 0.309, 0.482, 0.170, 0.103, 0.272, 0.339; p<0.01), also correlation was observed between married individuals and severity of depression in PHQ (r= 0.346), physical state (r= 0.353), psychological state (r= 0.358), and with social relationship (r= 0.435), with statistical significance (p= <0.01).

Conclusion:

There are higher incidence rates of moderate to severe depression than the population norms and low health-related quality of life than published population norms for Rohingya displaced persons living in refugee camps. Depression rates were inversely associated with HRQoL for Rohingya displaced persons living in refugee camps. Future research may consider the prevention of related medical issues for long term program implementation.
Agammaglobulinemia: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Phenotype, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management
Authors: Pashangzadeh Salar , Yazdani Reza , Nazari Farzad , Azizi Gholamreza , Abolhassani Hassan , Aghamohammadi Asghar
Published: May 2020

Agammaglobulinemia is a type of primary antibody deficiencies, characterized by severe
reduction in serum level of all types of immunoglobulins level and absence of B cells in the peripheral
blood. X-linked and various autosomal recessive/dominant mutations have been identified underlying
the pathogenesis of this disorder. Affected patients present a broad range of clinical manifestations,
including respiratory infections, gastrointestinal complications, Enterovirus infections, autoimmunity,
and malignancies. This disease can be controlled by different therapeutic strategies. In this review, we
describe different aspects of agammaglobulinemia such as epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical phenotype,
diagnosis, management, and prognosis of congenital agammaglobulinemia.
Impaired Cardiovascular Function in Male Rats with Hypo- and Hyperthyroidism: Involvement of Imbalanced Nitric Oxide Synthase Levels
Authors: Yousefzadeh Nasibeh , Jeddi Sajad , Ghasemi Asghar
Published: May 2020

Background and Objective:

All three isoforms of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) are
targets for thyroid hormones in the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to assess the effects
of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on inducible (iNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and neural (nNOS) NOS
levels in aorta and heart tissues of male rats.

Methods:

Rats were divided into control, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid groups; hypo- and hyperthyroidism
were induced by adding propylthiouracil (500 mg/L) and L-thyroxine (12 mg/L) to drinking
water for a period of 21 days. On day 21, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular developed
pressure (LVDP), peak rate of positive and negative (±dp/dt) changes in left ventricular pressure as
well as NO metabolites (NOx) and iNOS, eNOS, and nNOS protein levels in aorta and heart, were all
measured.

Results:

Compared to controls, LVDP and ±dp/dt were lower in both hypo- and hyperthyroid rats.
Compared to controls, heart rate and systolic blood pressure were lower in hypothyroid and higher in
hyperthyroid rats. NOx levels in the heart of hypothyroid rats were lower (53%), whereas that in hyperthyroid
rats were higher (56% and 40%) than controls. Compared to controls, hypothyroid rats had
lower levels of eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS in the aorta (16%, 34%, and 15%, respectively) and lower
iNOS and higher nNOS in heart tissue (27% and 46%). In hyperthyroid rats, eNOS levels were lower
(54% and 30%) and iNOS were higher (63%, and 35%) in the aorta and heart while nNOS was lower
in the aorta (18%).

Conclusion:

Hypothyroidism increased while hyperthyroidism decreased the ratio of eNOS/iNOS in
aorta and heart; these changes of NOS levels were associated with impaired cardiovascular function.
Performance Evaluation of a Vapor Compression Refrigeration System Using Oxide Nano-particles: Experimental Investigation
Authors: Hussain Taliv , Ahmad Waquar , Quadri Intekhab
Published: May 2020

Background:

Nowadays, the era is of saving energy by working efficiently and effectively.
As the temperature of the atmosphere increases globally, there is a keen demand for a vapor
compression refrigeration system among people, especially in a region which has fervent climatic
conditions. The technology is advancing day by day, thus using the vapor compression refrigeration
system efficiently is a way to contribute to saving energy.

Objective:

Previously, a lot of work is carried out to boost the performance by changing the design
of the evaporator, using different refrigerants, and by adopting different methods. We are now being
equipped with nanotechnology in the field of refrigeration in a better way as it was earlier,
nanofluids have far better heat transfer properties as compared to the vintage fluid.

Methods:

In this paper, the performance improvement of a vapor compression refrigeration system
has been accomplished by using Al2O3, TiO2, and CuO nanoparticles in the deionised water (DIW)
as a base fluid. Three different concentrations 0.01%, 0.005% and 0.001% by wt. of oxide nanoparticles
have been used at three different operating temperatures i.e. 29°C, 33°C and 37°C.

Results:

The results showed that CuO nanofluids show better performance as compared to Al2O3, TiO2 nanofluids, and normal water.

Conclusions:

CuO nanofluids show better results as compared to Al2O3, TiO2 nanofluid, and normal
water. Therefore, we should prefer CuO nanofluid to save power consumption.
Milagros Flores Román
Authors: Hayakawa Casas José
Published: May 2020

Historiadora. Presidenta del Comité Científico Internacional del Icomos sobre Fortificaciones y Patrimonio Cultura. Miembro del Grupo de Trabajo del Icomos para Cambio Climático. Sirve como consultora y experta en Fortificaciones del Caribe para la Unesco, Icomos e Icofort. Coordinadora y coautora de la Carta de Icofort sobre fortificaciones y patrimonio relacionado. Guía para la protección, conservación e interpretación.
Cusco: tradición y modernidad. La industrialización, el comercio y sus protagonistas
Authors: Gonzales Carranza Rosa
Published: May 2020

El libro Cusco: tradición y modernidad. La industrialización, el comercio y sus protagonistas, como su nombre indica, ofrece una síntesis de la historia regional y productiva del Cusco, especialmente de la acontecida entre 1850 y 1950. El gran aporte de este libro radica en que, en palabras de los autores, «se valore el esfuerzo, ingenio y tenacidad de muchos emprendedores que fueron pioneros en la agroindustria y la industrialización o activos comerciantes, sin excluir el fundamental aporte de los intelectuales» (Samanez Argumedo y Kuon Arce, 2018, p. 13).
Virtualizando el Patrimonio Cultural Rupestre: El caso del Sector “X” en Toro Muerto – Arequipa, Perú
Authors: Gonzales Liz Magali , Brondi Rueda Fabian , Wołoszyn Janusz , Imbertis Herrera Abraham
Published: May 2020

Toro Muerto (valle del río Majes, Arequipa-Perú), es uno de los sitios arqueológicos más grandes del mundo y con mayor cantidad de expresiones petrográficas: en un área de 10 km2 se han registrado 2.584 bloques de rocas grabadas con representaciones geométricas, zoomórficas y antropomórficas. En el 2017, al realizarse las prospecciones de acuerdo con el Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica Toro Muerto (PIA-TM), en el extremo norte del sitio, se halló una colina con 92 petroglifos aun no estudiados (Sector X). En el 2018, se realizó un registro integral y preciso de todo el yacimiento: cada roca cuenta con fichas, fotografías calibradas, dibujos y algunos modelos 3D de rocas. Asimismo, se realizaron levantamientos geodésicos, fotogrametría del terreno, ortofotos, tecnomorfología y modelo 3D del sector y también excavaciones. El presente artículo trata sobre el estudio y la virtualización integral del patrimonio cultural rupestre del referido sector.
Self Efficacy And The Quality Of Life Of Schizophrenia Caregivers
Authors: Ners Mulyanti , Yulitasari Brune Indah
Published: May 2020

Self efficacy is an important factor to improve the quality of life of Schizophrenia caregivers. A caregiver’s quality of life affects treatment process which is an important key in curing Schizophrenia patient. This research aims to investigate the relation of self-efficacy to the quality of life.  This is a quantitative research with cross sectional approach. The research was conducted in the working area of Puskesmas Godean I, i.e. Desa Sidoluhur, Desa Sidoagung, Desa Sidomulyo, and Desa Sidomoyo on August 1 to September 15, 2018. There were 47 participants chosen using consecutive sampling technique. The dependent variable is the quality of life of Schizophrenia caregivers. Meanwhile, the independent variable is self-efficacy. Both variables were measured through questionnaire. The quantitative data was analyzed using chi square test. The characteristics of the research subjects are: female, middle aged, married, low-income earners, senior high school graduates, and have caring experience of more than 5 years. It is found that the self-efficacy of schizophrenia caregivers is in ‘strong’ category. There is a significant relation between the self-efficacy of Schizophrenia caregivers and their quality of life. The quality of life of Schizophrenia caregivers is influenced by high level of self-efficacy.

 
Impact of Intensive Care Unit Readmissions on Patient Outcomes and the Evaluation of the National Early Warning Score to Prevent Readmissions: Literature Review (Preprint)
Authors: Mcneill Heidi , Khairat Saif
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Intensive care unit (ICU) readmissions have been shown to increase a patient’s in-hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS). Despite this, no methods have been set in place to prevent readmissions from occurring.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the impact of ICU readmission on patient outcomes and to evaluate the effect of using a risk stratification tool, the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), on ICU readmissions.

METHODS

A database search was performed on PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. In the initial search, 2028 articles were retrieved; after inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 12 articles were ultimately used in this literature review.

RESULTS

This literature review found that patients readmitted to the ICU have an increased mortality rate and LOS at the hospital. The sample sizes in the reviewed studies ranged from 158 to 745,187 patients. Readmissions were most commonly associated with respiratory issues about 18% to 59% of the time. The NEWS has been shown to detect early clinical deterioration in a patient within 24 hours of transfer, with a 95% CI of 0.89 to 0.94 (P<.001), a sensitivity of 93.6% , and a specificity of 82.2%.

CONCLUSIONS

ICU readmissions are associated with worse patient outcomes, including hospital mortality and increased LOS. Without the use of an objective screening tool, the provider has been solely responsible for the decision of patient transfer. Assessment with the NEWS could be helpful in decreasing the frequency of inappropriate transfers and ultimately ICU readmission.
Perceptions of Mobile Apps for Smoking Cessation Among Young People in Community Mental Health Care: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Gowarty Minda A , Kung Nathan J , Maher Ashley E , Longacre Meghan R , Brunette Mary F
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Young adults with serious mental illness are over twice as likely to have tobacco use disorder than those in the general population and are less likely to utilize proven treatment methods during quit attempts. However, little research has evaluated the efficacy of interventions for this group. Smartphone apps may be an underutilized tool for tobacco use disorder among young adults with serious mental illness.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore attitudes toward smoking cessation apps and preferences regarding app design in young adult smokers with serious mental illness.

METHODS

Five focus groups involving 25- to 35-year-old adults with serious mental illness receiving treatment at a community mental health center were conducted between May 2019 and August 2019. Three researchers independently coded transcripts and identified themes using thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Participants (n=22) were individuals who smoke daily: 10 (46%) self-identified as female, 18 (82%) self-identified as White, and 9 (41%) had psychotic disorders. Key themes that emerged included a general interest in using health apps; a desire for apps to provide ongoing motivation during a quit attempt via social support, progress tracking, and rewards; a desire for apps to provide distraction from smoking; concerns about app effectiveness due to a lack of external accountability; and concerns that apps could trigger cravings or smoking behavior by mentioning cigarettes or the act of smoking.

CONCLUSIONS

Apps have the potential to support smoking cessation or reduction efforts among young adults with serious mental illness. However, they may require tailoring, optimization, and clinical support to effectively promote cessation in this population.
Effects of Goal Type and Reinforcement Type on Self-Reported Domain-Specific Walking Among Inactive Adults: 2×2 Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: McEntee Mindy L , Cantley Alison , Foreman Emily , Berardi Vincent , Phillips Christine B. , Hurley Jane C. , Hovell Melbourne F. , Hooker Steven , Adams Marc A.
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

WalkIT Arizona was a 2×2 factorial trial examining the effects of goal type (adaptive versus static) and reinforcement type (immediate versus delayed) to increase moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among insufficiently active adults. The 12-month intervention combined mobile health (mHealth) technology with behavioral strategies to test scalable population-health approaches to increasing MVPA. Self-reported physical activity provided domain-specific information to help contextualize the intervention effects.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to report on the secondary outcomes of self-reported walking for transportation and leisure over the course of the 12-month WalkIT intervention.

METHODS

A total of 512 participants aged 19 to 60 years (n=330 [64.5%] women; n=425 [83%] Caucasian/white, n=96 [18.8%] Hispanic/Latinx) were randomized into interventions based on type of goals and reinforcements. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form assessed walking for transportation and leisure at baseline, and at 6 months and 12 months of the intervention. Negative binomial hurdle models were used to examine the effects of goal and reinforcement type on (1) odds of reporting any (versus no) walking/week and (2) total reported minutes of walking/week, adjusted for neighborhood walkability and socioeconomic status. Separate analyses were conducted for transportation and leisure walking, using complete cases and multiple imputation.

RESULTS

All intervention groups reported increased walking at 12 months relative to baseline. Effects of the intervention differed by domain: a significant three-way goal by reinforcement by time interaction was observed for total minutes of leisure walking/week, whereas time was the only significant factor that contributed to transportation walking. A sensitivity analysis indicated minimal differences between complete case analysis and multiple imputation.

CONCLUSIONS

This study is the first to report differential effects of adaptive versus static goals for self-reported walking by domain. Results support the premise that individual-level PA interventions are domain- and context-specific and may be helpful in guiding further intervention refinement.

CLINICALTRIAL

Preregistered at clinicaltrials.gov: (NCT02717663) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02717663

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.1016/j.cct.2019.05.001
A Personalized Voice-Based Diet Assistant for Caregivers of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias: System Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Li Juan , Maharjan Bikesh , Xie Bo , Tao Cui
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

The world’s aging population is increasing, with an expected increase in the prevalence of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD). Proper nutrition and good eating behavior show promise for preventing and slowing the progression of ADRD and consequently improving patients with ADRD’s health status and quality of life. Most ADRD care is provided by informal caregivers, so assisting caregivers to manage patients with ADRD’s diet is important.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to design, develop, and test an artificial intelligence–powered voice assistant to help informal caregivers manage the daily diet of patients with ADRD and learn food and nutrition-related knowledge.

METHODS

The voice assistant is being implemented in several steps: construction of a comprehensive knowledge base with ontologies that define ADRD diet care and user profiles, and is extended with external knowledge graphs; management of conversation between users and the voice assistant; personalized ADRD diet services provided through a semantics-based knowledge graph search and reasoning engine; and system evaluation in use cases with additional qualitative evaluations.

RESULTS

A prototype voice assistant was evaluated in the lab using various use cases. Preliminary qualitative test results demonstrate reasonable rates of dialogue success and recommendation correctness.

CONCLUSIONS

The voice assistant provides a natural, interactive interface for users, and it does not require the user to have a technical background, which may facilitate senior caregivers’ use in their daily care tasks. This study suggests the feasibility of using the intelligent voice assistant to help caregivers manage patients with ADRD’s diet.
Acceptance of the HPV vaccine and suggested strategies to promote vaccine uptake: a qualitative study with a multi-ethnic sample of Latina mothers (Preprint)
Authors: Lindsay Ana Cristina , Valdez Madelyne J. , Delgado Vazquez Denisse , Restrepo Emily , Guzman Yessica M. , Granberry Phillip
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Parents play a critical decision-making role in vaccinating their age-eligible adolescent children against HPV. Despite evidence indicating that Latino adolescents have higher HPV vaccination rates than non-Hispanic whites, uptake of the HPV vaccine remains lower than the 80% goal set by the Healthy People 2020. Moreover, studies suggest that Latino adolescent males have lower rates of HPV vaccination than Latina adolescent females.

OBJECTIVE

Given the importance of the HPV vaccination as a cancer prevention strategy and the unique decision-making role parents play in vaccinating their children, this study was designed to explore Latina mothers’: (1) acceptance of the HPV vaccine, and (2) suggested strategies to promote vaccine uptake among Latino parents and their adolescent children.

METHODS

A descriptive qualitative research employing individual semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using a hybrid method of thematic analysis that incorporated deductive and inductive approaches.

RESULTS

Twenty-two, majority foreign-born (91%; n = 20) Latina mothers of adolescent girls (~ 60%; n = 23) and boys (~ 40%; n = 15) aged between 11 and 19 years (mean age of adolescents: 15.3 years) participated in the study. Results revealed mothers’ high acceptance of the HPV vaccine for their daughters and their positive beliefs about the direct benefits of the vaccine to protect their daughters’ health by preventing STI and future cervical cancer risk. Such positive beliefs influenced mothers’ high uptake and initiation of the vaccine for their daughters. In contrast, study findings revealed mothers’ low acceptance and uptake of the vaccine for their sons. Our findings showed that the majority of mothers did not perceiving HPV infection as a major risk to their sons’ health, and therefore, did not perceive direct health benefits of the HPV vaccine for their sons as they did for their daughters (i.e., prevention of cervical cancer).

CONCLUSIONS

Findings identified the need for increased efforts to raise awareness and knowledge among Latino parents of the direct benefits of the vaccine for their sons and the cancer prevention benefits of the vaccine for HPV-associated cancers that affect not only females but also males. Finally, findings underscore the need for improved healthcare providers' communication and recommendation of the HPV vaccine for Latino adolescent males. Future research should intervene upon findings identified in this study in order to address barriers that remain and affect Latino parents’ acceptance and uptake of the HPV vaccine for their children, and in particular, for their sons.

CLINICALTRIAL

n/a
Acceso a la información y desastres naturales: El caso de los sismos de septiembre de 2017 en México
Authors: Torres Martínez Natalia , Cejudo Guillermo M.
Published: May 2020

Tras los sismos del 7 y 19 de septiembre de 2017 y hasta el 31 de enero de 2018, las plataformas de acceso a la información a nivel federal y estatal recibieron más de 3,700 solicitudes sobre los mismos. La información agregada de esas solicitudes nos permite responder tres preguntas: ¿para qué usan las personas su derecho de acceso a la información en un desastre natural?, ¿qué tipo de respuesta reciben? y, a la luz de este análisis, ¿qué oportunidades existen para mejorar el acceso a la información durante desastres naturales?La revisión de una muestra de solicitudes realizadas sobre los sismos señala que, aunque casi todas las personas oficialmente recibieron una respuesta por parte del gobierno (99.4%), pocas recibieron toda la información que requerían (37.4%), principalmente porque no la solicitaron a la instancia adecuada (en 75.1% de las solicitudes que no entregaron la información solicitada, el sujeto obligado declaró que era por razones de incompetencia). A partir de este análisis, se sugieren acciones para preparar una mejor respuesta ante desastres naturales.
Hacia una ontología política posmetafísica. Notas sobre política y escritura en Georges Bataille
Authors: Martínez Olguín Juan José
Published: May 2020

Con objeto de identificar lo que creemos constituye una ontología política posmetafísica en el pensamiento de Bataille –fuertemente vinculada a la práctica de la escritura–, el presente trabajo intenta situar la especificidad teórica que ocupa el exceso como problema ontológico en su filosofía, a partir del desarrollo de un recorrido que reflexiona sobre el estatuto de dicho exceso en Lévi-Strauss y el posestructuralismo, por un lado, y en el pensamiento político posfundacional, por otro
La política pública de inclusión digital en México (2012-2018)
Authors: Trejo-Quintana Janneth
Published: May 2020

Este artículo expone la estrategia de inclusión digital que impulsó Enrique Peña Nieto durante su administración como presidente de México. Además, identifica la perspectiva sobre la Sociedad de la Información y el Conocimiento que predominó en los programas de la estrategia, a partir de un análisis de fuentes documentales primarias. También señala que dicho gobierno fracasó en impulsar la inclusión digital, debido a que en varios casos las políticas se quedaron en la dimensión enunciativa
Tendencias antiliberales en el discurso político de la izquierda estadounidense
Authors: Dávila Aguilar Carlos Alfredo
Published: May 2020

El presente ensayo revisa varios ejemplos recientes de cómo se han extendido discursos y demandas políticas sobre los derechos de las minorías en la izquierda estadounidense que podrían calificarse como antiliberales; y que se han popularizado durante las últimas décadas, principalmente entre los universitarios. La idea es vincular esta tendencia con fenómenos como la creciente polarización política, la relegación de las clases bajas del debate público y el
resultado de las elecciones presidenciales de 2016
Mapping forest areas threatened by fires and windthrows (on the example of the Ural territory)
Authors: Shikhov A.N. , Abdullin R.K. , Semakina A.V.
Published: May 2020

The authors discuss the methods and results of mapping the forest susceptibility to wildfires and windthrows on the example of the Ural region. We used the previously published database of fire-and wind-related forest damages in the Ural region for 2000–2016 as input data. The method of mapping is based on the analysis of the relationships of fire- and wind-damaged area with forest species composition, landscape and climatic variables, and with some indicators of anthropogenic development of the territory. The predominant forest species make the main factor determining the exposure to wildfires and windthrows. So, the calculations were performed separately for forests with various predominant species. As a result, the maps of forest susceptibility to wildfires and windthrows were created for the entire territory of the Ural, Perm region and separately for the Krasnovishersk district of the mentioned region. The obtained estimates can be used both in forestry planning and improving the monitoring of wildfires and windthrows.
MODEL MANAJEMEN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH ORGANIK RUMAH TANGGA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN NILAI TAMBAH EKONOMIS SERTA MENJAGA KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP
Authors: Noor Agus Hasbi , Rosita Tita
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan sebuah model pemberdayaan masyarakat yang telah berhasil dikembangkan melalui pengelolaan sampah organik rumah tangga di daerah perkotaan dengan melibatkan sejumlah ibu rumah tangga yang tergabung dalam Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) Sauyunan di RW 03 Kelurahan Sarijadi Kota Bandung, metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif  kualitatif yang diolah dari hasil observasi, wawancara dan kajian dokumentasi. Temuan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan KWT Sauyunan dalam menggerakkan potensi di lingkungannya merupakan salah satu model pemberdayan yang dapat diuji cobakan di tempat lain.