bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Soil Water Regime and Water Balance in a Transplanted Rice Field Experiment with Reduced Irrigation
Authors: Li Yong , Šimůnek Jirka , Wang Shuang , Yuan Jiahui , Zhang Weiwei
Published: April 2017

Available water resources for agricultural irrigation have decreased worldwide in recent decades, prompting advances in water saving methods. In this study, soil water regime and water balance in a transplanted rice field with reduced irrigation (multiple shallow depth irrigations) in the Taihu Lake Basin of East China were observed and then evaluated using Hydrus-1D model during two consecutive growing seasons. During the 2008 season, irrigation water accounted for 48% of the total water input (TWI, 94.6 cm), but only 20% of TWI (120.4 cm) during the 2009 season. Due to heavy rainfalls during the wet 2009 season, surface runoff accounted for about 6.4% of the TWI, whereas during the much drier 2008 season with higher controlled irrigation inputs, no surface runoff occurred. Simulated evapotranspiration during the 2008 and 2009 seasons accounted for 67.4% and 54.9% of TWIs, respectively. Measured and simulated results indicate that water percolation (approximately 32.5% and 37.6% of TWIs during the 2008 and 2009 seasons, respectively) was the main path of water losses from the transplanted rice fields, suggesting that long and high standing water during the 2009 season increased water percolation. Water productivities evaluated from total irrigations and TWIs were 2.08 and 0.99 kg·m−3 during the 2008 season and 3.85 and 0.77 kg·m−3 during the 2009 season, respectively, and were 1.47 and 1.40 kg·m−3, respectively, when evaluated from modeled evapotranspiration fluxes. The cultivation method with multiple shallow depth irrigation efficiently used rainfall water and reduced the losses due to water percolation and surface runoff by stabilizing rice yields.
Les grands phénomènes karstiques français par les chiffres
Authors: Chabert Claude
Published: April 2017

A l'aide de listes de grandes cavités (dénivellations, développements, volumes), nous essayons de mettre en | évidence quelques paradoxes propres à la spéléologie. Nous confrontons succintement deux points de vue, le spatial i et le temporel : c'est dans le temps que l'on parvient à mieux connaître l'espace, souterrain. Un jour viendra où la réalité karstique sera exprimable par le nombre. Aujourd'hui, il devient possible de donner par les chiffres une approche du concept de "grande cavité" en multipliant les listes de cavités, dans i l'attente, hypothétique, de pouvoir calculer avec précision leur volume.
Le karst de Bourgogne
Authors: Delance Jean- Henri
Published: April 2017

Entre les karsts du Bassin de Paris, auxquels il se rattache au Nord et à l'Ouest, et ceux du Jura, le karst de Bourgogne constitue une entité originale en rapport étroit avec la structure géologique de la région qui a déterminé sa distribution, sa densité et l'amplitude des réseaux.

Le karst bourguignon est creusé dans les formations calcaires marines du Jurassique et du Crétacé supérieur (craie). Les paysages karstiques de Bourgogne sont essentiellement marqués par l'abondance des vallées sèches. Les formes karstiques hypogées caractérisées par une faible dénivellation (inférieure à 100 m) et le développement important des réseaux actifs, peuvent être réparties en trois catégories : mésokarstiques, holokarstiques et cutanées. Les plus importants réseaux, en dénivellation et en développement (jusqu'à 22 km), sont de type holokarstique. L'âge du karst est pour l'essentiel, miocene à pléistocène ; les grottes cutanées se sont creusées durant les épisodes froids du Pléistocène. Les remplissages des cavités sont importants ; les formes les plus remarquables en sont les brèches ossifères quaternaires riches d'informations paléontologiques et
Le karst du compartiment oriental de la Basse Cévenne carbonatée (Gard)
Authors: Martin Philippe
Published: April 2017

This text summarizes 10 years exploration and study of the eastern karst of the Gardon river basin above Alès. Karst concerns 5 fades : Trias, Hettangian-Sinémurian (rich in mineral with limonite and pyrites), upper Bajocian-lower Bathonian (rich in mineral with pyrites), upper Jurassic and Barremian. This lager is broken into more or less rolling panels which have collapsed towards the Alès rift. Tridimensional systems draining this karst are considered to be evolving toward be tier performance, it is a remarkable case of natural organisation.

Structure is deduced from fonction. A morphologic approach explicits the systems history.Three of the four identified karstic systems are simple. They are partial a natural models of the fourth : the Fonts karstic system. We describe on detail some elements of its structure (caves for ex.) and of its functioning (hydro dynamic, hydro chemistry) . We show through pumping that the Cauvel river feeds the Fonts spring and the Carabiole spring. The effect of geological and geomorphological characteristics of the spring site on ivater output is mentioned.

We describe the realization of a pumping station driving subterranean Cauvel river water a 100 m back and point out the usefulness of speleological informations.
Le peuplement animal des karsts de France (deuxième partie : éléments de biogéographie pour les Invertébrés terrestres)
Authors: Ginet René , Juberthie Christian
Published: April 2017

Analysant les données de la bibliographie, ce texte, présenté en deux parties, donne un bilan schématique de la i répartition biogéographique des animaux Invertébrés, signalés jusqu'en 1985 dans les karsts français. Le peuplement animal des karsts est très varié, surtout dans la moitié sud de la France. Pour beaucoup de groupes, son étude montre des liens évidents avec l'histoire géologique et la paléo-écologie. La 1ère partie (cf. Karstologia n°10) énumère d'abord les groupes aquatiques (des Spongiaires aux Crustacés, ces derniers étant les plus divers et les plus nombreux dans les eaux karstiques). Il expose les problèmes posés, et les solutions envisagées, concernant les voies suivies par les ancêtres des groupes actuels, qui sont soit d'origine dulçaquicole superficielle, soit d'origine marine Tertiaire ; les aires initiales ont été ensuite modifiées par l'impact des glaciations du Quaternaire. Cette 2ème partie concerne les groupes terrestres ; la pénétration souterraine a utilisé des voies différentes, parmi lesquelles le Milieu Souterrain Superfi-ciel (M. S. S.) joue un rôle évident ; ce dernier montre que beaucoup de troglobies ne sont pas limités, dans l'espace souterrain, au seul domaine des cavernes et au seul karst. Les Arthropodes, et parmi eux les Insectes, sont évidemment les plus variés et aussi les mieux connus. Leurs répartitions biogéographiques expriment les problèmes de spéciation, d'écologie, d'endémisme, qui sont évoqués dans le texte.
Selecting the most effective alternative of waterproofing membranes for multifunctional inverted flat roofs
Authors: KALIBATAS Darius , KOVAITIS Vytautas
Published: April 2017

There are many various methods, techniques and materials for constructing multifunctional inverted flat roofs now. However, in practice, the constructed roofs of this type often have various defects, whose elimination is rather costly. To solve this problem, the analysis of multifunctional inverted flat roofs has been performed and their advantages and disadvantages, as well as building defects and mistakes made in the course of construction, have been demonstrated. Damp-proofing materials available on the market for making waterproofing membranes for multifunctional inverted flat roofs have been evaluated. The problem of choosing the most effective membrane alternative for the investigated type of roofs is solved by analysing ten alternatives with the help of multi-criteria evaluation method, SAW and three game theory rules determined by Hurwicz, Laplace and Bayes, as well as LEVI 3.0 program. The analysis of the results has shown that the alternative No. 5 is the best membrane alternative among the ten considered options.
Community and Morality in the Digital Age
Authors: Szécsi Gábor , Koller Inez
Published: April 2017

The aim of this essay is to show that the expansion of the electronic communication technologies leads to the appearance of new forms of communities the function of which are to foster communities of interest and equality of status all work to enhance social capital, despite their lack of direct physical orientation. Mediated individuals treat these mediated communities as real. That is, the role of communication as value-based in mediated communities works to create traditional forms of communities as well. To understand why these new forms of communities can be regarded as moral entities, we wish to highlight how communal existence affects our moral decisions and judgements in the information age.
Lizard Activity and Abundance Greater in Burned Habitat of a Xeric Montane Forest
Authors: Fouts Kevin L. , Moore Clinton T. , Johnson Kristine D. , Maerz John C
Published: April 2017

Restoring the natural or historical state of ecosystems is a common objective among resource managers, but determining whether desired system responses to management actions are occurring is often protracted and challenging. For wildlife, the integration of mechanistic habitat modeling with population monitoring may provide expedited measures of management effectiveness and improve understanding of how management actions succeed or fail to recover populations. Southern Appalachia is a region of high biodiversity that has undergone dramatic change as a result of human activities such as historic logging, exotic invasions, and alteration of disturbance regimes—including reduction in application of fire. Contemporary efforts to restore fire-maintained ecosystems within southern Appalachian forests require tools to assess the effects of fire management practices on individual animal fitness and relate them to corresponding influences on species abundance. Using automated sensing equipment, we investigated the effects of burned forests on reptile habitat suitability within the western portion of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee. Specifically, we used microclimate measurements to model northern fence lizard Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus diurnal activity budgets in unburned and variable burn age (3–27-y) forest stands. We estimated northern fence lizard occurrence and abundance along transects through burned and unburned forests. Burned forest stands had microclimates that resulted in longer modeled daily activity periods under most conditions during summer. S. undulatus abundance was 4.75 times greater on burned stands compared to paired unburned stands, although the relationship between burn age and abundance was not well determined. Results suggest the more open habitat structure of burned areas within these xeric pine–oak forests may benefit S. undulatus.
Indicator-Driven Conservation Planning Across Terrestrial, Freshwater Aquatic, and Marine Ecosystems of the South Atlantic, USA
Authors: Pickens Bradley A. , Mordecai Rua S. , Drew C. Ashton , Alexander-Vaughn Louise B. , Keister Amy S. , Morris Hilary L.C. , Collazo Jaime A.
Published: April 2017

Systematic conservation planning, a widely used approach to identify priority lands and waters, uses efficient, defensible, and transparent methods aimed at conserving biodiversity and ecological systems. Limited financial resources and competing land uses can be major impediments to conservation; therefore, participation of diverse stakeholders in the planning process is advantageous to help address broad-scale threats and challenges of the 21st century. Although a broad extent is needed to identify core areas and corridors for fish and wildlife populations, a fine-scale resolution is needed to manage for multiple, interconnected ecosystems. Here, we developed a conservation plan using a systematic approach to promote landscape-level conservation within the extent of the South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative. Our objective was to identify the highest-ranked 30% of lands and waters within the South Atlantic deemed necessary to conserve ecological and cultural integrity for the 10 primary ecosystems of the southeastern United States. These environments varied from terrestrial, freshwater aquatic, and marine. The planning process was driven by indicators of ecosystem integrity at a 4-ha resolution. We used the program Zonation and 28 indicators to optimize the identification of lands and waters to meet the stated objective. A novel part of our study was the prioritization of multiple ecosystems, and we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this approach. The evaluation of indicator representation within prioritizations was a useful method to show where improvements could be made; some indicators dictated hotspots, some had a limited extent and were well represented, and others had a limited effect. Overall, we demonstrate that a broad-scale (408,276 km2 of terrestrial and 411,239 km2 of marine environments) conservation plan can be realized at a fine-scale resolution, which will allow implementation of the regional plan at a local level relevant to decision making.
T-Spanner Problem
Authors: Moharam Riham , Morsy Ehab , Ismail Ismail A.
Published: April 2017

The t-spanner problem is a popular combinatorial optimization problem and has different applications in communication networks and distributed systems. This chapter considers the problem of constructing a t-spanner subgraph H in a given undirected edge-weighted graph G in the sense that the distance between every pair of vertices in H is at most t times the shortest distance between the two vertices in G. The value of t, called the stretch factor, quantifies the quality of the distance approximation of the corresponding t-spanner subgraph. This chapter studies two variations of the problem, the Minimum t-Spanner Subgraph (MtSS) and the Minimum Maximum Stretch Spanning Tree(MMST). Given a value for the stretch factor t, the MtSS problem asks to find the t-spanner subgraph of the minimum total weight in G. The MMST problem looks for a tree T in G that minimizes the maximum distance between all pairs of vertices in V (i.e., minimizing the stretch factor of the constructed tree). It is easy to conclude from the literatures that the above problems are NP-hard. This chapter presents genetic algorithms that returns a high quality solution for those two problems.
Data Storage Security Service in Cloud Computing
Authors: Abo-alian Alshaimaa , Badr Nagwa. L. , Tolba Mohamed F.
Published: April 2017

Cloud computing is an emerging computing paradigm that is rapidly gaining attention as an alternative to other traditional hosted application models. The cloud environment provides on-demand, elastic and scalable services, moreover, it can provide these services at lower costs. However, this new paradigm poses new security issues and threats because cloud service providers are not in the same trust domain of cloud customers. Furthermore, data owners cannot control the underlying cloud environment. Therefore, new security practices are required to guarantee the availability, integrity, privacy and confidentiality of the outsourced data. This paper highlights the main security challenges of the cloud storage service and introduces some solutions to address those challenges. The proposed solutions present a way to protect the data integrity, privacy and confidentiality by integrating data auditing and access control methods.
Workload Management Systems for the Cloud Environment
Authors: Maghawry Eman A. , Ismail Rasha M. , Badr Nagwa. L. , Tolba Mohamed F.
Published: April 2017

Workload Management is a performance management process in which an autonomic database management system on a cloud environment efficiently makes use of its virtual resources. Workload management for concurrent queries is one of the challenging aspects of executing queries over the cloud. The core problem is to manage any unpredictable overload with respect to varying resource capabilities and performances. This chapter proposes an efficient workload management system for controlling the queries execution over a cloud. The chapter presents architecture to improve the query response time. It handles the user's queries then selecting the suitable resources for executing these queries. Furthermore, managing the life cycle of virtual resources through responding to any load that occurs on the resources. This is done by dynamically rebalancing the queries distribution load across the resources in the cloud. The results show that applying this Workload Management System improves the query response time by 68%.
Enzyme Function Classification
Authors: Sharif Mahir M. , Tharwat Alaa , Hassanien Aboul Ella , Hefny Hesham A.
Published: April 2017

Enzymes are important in our life and it plays a vital role in the most biological processes in the living organisms and such as metabolic pathways. The classification of enzyme functionality from a sequence, structure data or the extracted features remains a challenging task. Traditional experiments consume more time, efforts, and cost. On the other hand, an automated classification of the enzymes saves efforts, money and time. The aim of this chapter is to cover and reviews the different approaches, which developed and conducted to classify and predict the functions of the enzyme proteins in addition to the new trends and challenges that could be considered now and in the future. The chapter addresses the main three approaches which are used in the classification the function of enzymatic proteins and illustrated the mechanism, pros, cons, and examples for each one.
Enhancement of Data Quality in Health Care Industry
Authors: Abdo Asmaa S. , Salem Rashed K. , Abdul-Kader Hatem M.
Published: April 2017

Ensuring data quality is a growing challenge, particularly when emerging big data applications. This chapter highlights data quality concepts, terminologies, techniques, as well as research issues. Recent studies have shown that databases are often suffered from inconsistent data, which ought to be resolved in the cleaning process. Data mining techniques can play key role for ensuring data quality, which can be reutilized efficiently in data cleaning process. In this chapter, we introduce an approach for dependably generating rules from databases themselves autonomously, in order to detect data inconsistency problems from large databases. The proposed approach employs confidence and lift measures with integrity constraints to guarantee that generated rules are minimal, non-redundant and precise. Since healthcare applications are critical, and managing healthcare environments efficiently results in patient care improvement. The proposed approach is validated against several datasets from healthcare environment. It provides clinicians with automated approach for enhancing quality of electronic medical records. We experimentally demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves significant enhancement over existing approaches.
Investigation of Software Reliability Prediction Using Statistical and Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Wahid Abdul
Published: April 2017

Software reliability is a statistical measure of how well software operates with respect to its requirements. There are two related software engineering research issues about reliability requirements. The first issue is achieving the necessary reliability, i.e., choosing and employing appropriate software engineering techniques in system design and implementation. The second issue is the assessment of reliability as a method of assurance that precedes system deployment. In past few years, various software reliability models have been introduced. These models have been developed in response to the need of software engineers, system engineers and managers to quantify the concept of software reliability. This chapter investigates performance of some classical and intelligent machine learning techniques such as Linear regression (LR), Radial basis function network (RBFN), Generalized regression neural network (GRNN), Support vector machine (SVM), to predict software reliability. The effectiveness of LR and machine learning methods is demonstrated with the help of sixteen datasets taken from Data & Analysis Centre for Software (DACS). Two performance measures, root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is compared quantitatively obtained from rigorous experiments.
Directional Multi-Scale Stationary Wavelet-Based Representation for Human Action Classification
Authors: Al-Berry M. N. , Salem Mohammed A.-M. , Ebeid H. M. , Hussein A. S. , Tolba Mohamed F.
Published: April 2017

Human action recognition is a very active field in computer vision. Many important applications depend on accurate human action recognition, which is based on accurate representation of the actions. These applications include surveillance, athletic performance analysis, driver assistance, robotics, and human-centered computing. This chapter presents a thorough review of the field, concentrating the recent action representation methods that use spatio-temporal information. In addition, the authors propose a stationary wavelet-based representation of natural human actions in realistic videos. The proposed representation utilizes the 3D Stationary Wavelet Transform to encode the directional multi-scale spatio-temporal characteristics of the motion available in a frame sequence. It was tested using the Weizmann, and KTH datasets, and produced good preliminary results while having reasonable computational complexity when compared to existing state–of–the–art methods.
A Preparation Framework for EHR Data to Construct CBR Case-Base
Authors: El-Sappagh Shaker , Elmogy Mohammed Mahfouz , Riad Alaa M. , Zaghloul Hosam , Badria Farid A.
Published: April 2017

Diabetes mellitus diagnosis is an experience-based problem. Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is the first choice for these problems. CBR depends on the quality of its case-base structure and contents; however, building a case-base is a challenge. Electronic Health Record (EHR) data can be used as a starting point for building case-bases, but it needs a set of preparation steps. This chapter proposes an EHR-based case-base preparation framework. It has three phases: data-preparation, coding, and fuzzification. The first two phases will be discussed in this chapter using a diabetes diagnosis dataset collected from EHRs of 60 patients. The result is the case-base knowledge. The first phase uses some machine-learning algorithms for case-base data preparation. For encoding phase, we propose and apply an encoding methodology based on SNOMED-CT. We will build an OWL2 ontology from collected SNOMED-CT concepts. A CBR prototype has been designed, and results show enhancements to the diagnosis accuracy.
Detecting Significant Changes in Image Sequences
Authors: Mashtalir Sergii , Mikhnova Olena
Published: April 2017

In this chapter the authors propose an overview on contemporary artificial intelligence techniques designed for change detection in image and video sequences. A variety of image features have been analyzed for content presentation at a low level. In attempt towards high-level interpretation by a machine, a novel approach to image comparison has been proposed and described in detail. It utilizes techniques of salient point detection, video scene identification, spatial image segmentation, feature extraction and analysis. Metrics implemented for image partition matching enhance performance and quality of the results, which has been proved by several estimations. The review on estimation measures is also given along with references to publicly available test datasets. Conclusion is provided in relation to trends of future development in image and video processing.
Recent Survey on Medical Image Segmentation
Authors: Salem Mohammed A.-M. , Atef Alaa , Salah Alaa , Shams Marwa
Published: April 2017

This chapter presents a survey on the techniques of medical image segmentation. Image segmentation methods are given in three groups based on image features used by the method. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods are evaluated, and the motivations to develop new techniques with respect to the addressed problems are given. Digital images and digital videos are pictures and films, respectively, which have been converted into a computer-readable binary format consisting of logical zeros and ones. An image is a still picture that does not change in time, whereas a video evolves in time and generally contains moving and/or changing objects. An important feature of digital images is that they are multidimensional signals, i.e., they are functions of more than a single variable. In the classical study of the digital signal processing the signals are usually one-dimensional functions of time. Images however, are functions of two, and perhaps three space dimensions in case of colored images, whereas a digital video as a function includes a third (or fourth) time dimension as well. A consequence of this is that digital image processing, meaning that significant computational and storage resources are required.
Swarm Intelligence Based on Remote Sensing Image Fusion
Authors: Gharbia Reham , Hassanien Aboul Ella
Published: April 2017

This chapter presents a remote sensing image fusion based on swarm intelligence. Image fusion is combining multi-sensor images in a single image that has most informative. Remote sensing image fusion is an effective way to extract a large volume of data from multisource images. However, traditional image fusion approaches cannot meet the requirements of applications because they can lose spatial information or distort spectral characteristics. The core of the image fusion is image fusion rules. The main challenge is getting suitable weight of fusion rule. This chapter proposes swarm intelligence to optimize the image fusion rule. Swarm intelligence algorithms are a family of global optimizers inspired by swarm phenomena in nature and have shown better performance. In this chapter, two remote sensing image fusion based on swarm intelligence algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and flower pollination algorithm are presented to get an adaptive image fusion rule and comparative between them.
PAGeneRN
Authors: Elsayad Dina , Ali A. , Shedeed Howida A. , Tolba Mohamed F.
Published: April 2017

The gene expression analysis is an important research area of Bioinformatics. The gene expression data analysis aims to understand the genes interacting phenomena, gene functionality and the genes mutations effect. The Gene regulatory network analysis is one of the gene expression data analysis tasks. Gene regulatory network aims to study the genes interactions topological organization. The regulatory network is critical for understanding the pathological phenotypes and the normal cell physiology. There are many researches that focus on gene regulatory network analysis but unfortunately some algorithms are affected by data size. Where, the algorithm runtime is proportional to the data size, therefore, some parallel algorithms are presented to enhance the algorithms runtime and efficiency. This work presents a background, mathematical models and comparisons about gene regulatory networks analysis different techniques. In addition, this work proposes Parallel Architecture for Gene Regulatory Network (PAGeneRN).
A Fragile Watermarking Chaotic Authentication Scheme Based on Fuzzy C-Means for Image Tamper Detection
Authors: Hamouda Kamal , Elmogy Mohammed Mahfouz , El-Desouky B. S.
Published: April 2017

In the last two decades, several fragile watermarking schemes have been proposed for image authentication. In this paper, a novel fragile watermarking authentication scheme based on Chaotic Maps and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering technique is proposed. In order to raise the value of the tamper localization, detection accuracy, and security of the watermarking system the hybrid technique between Chaotic maps and FCM are introduced. In addition, this scheme can be applied to any image with different sizes not only in the square or even sized images. The proposed scheme gives high values especially in security because the watermarks pass through two levels to ensure security. Firstly, The FCM clustering technique makes the watermark dependent on the plain image. Secondly, the Chaotic maps are sensitive to initial values. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves superior tamper detection and localization accuracy under different attacks.
PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA ALFABETIZADORA À LUZ DA PSICOLOGIA HISTÓRICO-CULTURAL E DA PEDAGOGIA HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICA
Authors: MARSIGLIA ANA CAROLINA GALVÃO , Saviani Dermeval
Published: April 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar aspectos da prática pedagógica alfabetizadora com base nas contribuições sobre a periodização do desenvolvimento e a construção social da escrita a partir de autores da psicologia histórico-cultural, bem como assinalar sua relação com a base teórico-pedagógica histórico-crítica. Entendemos que a alfabetização desponta como processo fundamental para que os indivíduos participem de forma efetiva da sociedade, podendo atuar em suas transformações e que a realização da atividade pedagógica alfabetizadora depende de um projeto sistematizado, intencional e que vise o máximo desenvolvimento dos seres humanos. Nesse sentido, a educação se coloca como processo revolucionário que contribui na transformação também revolucionária da sociedade. Logo, o papel da educação e, mais especificamente, o papel de uma educação revolucionária, passa pela socialização dos bens materiais e imateriais a todos os indivíduos, como enfatizam a psicologia histórico-cultural e a pedagogia histórico-crítica, que deve ser traduzida para a prática educativa emancipadora dos seres humanos.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A DIMENSÃO HUMANA NO CURSO DE GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Ribeiro Sandra Fogaça Rosa , Pinheiro Eliana De Fátima Catussi , Martins Cátia Paranhos , Ruiz Adriano Rodrigues
Published: April 2017

O cuidado em saúde é a principal tarefa a que se destina um Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem, ampliando a saúde para além de cuidados ao corpo biológico. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a concepção de dimensão humana segundo os professores e o Projeto Político-Pedagógico de uma instituição de ensino superior pública, localizada numa cidade no norte do Paraná. A pesquisa foi de caráter qualitativo. Os participantes da pesquisa foram 13 docentes do curso de Enfermagem da instituição pesquisada. Como instrumentos de coleta utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada e análise documental. A análise e interpretação dos dados foram realizadas a partir do referencial teórico interdisciplinar articulando conhecimentos da Saúde Coletiva, Psicologia Social e Educação, procurando explicitar a dimensão humana por meio dessas lentes, permitindo perceber a especificidade dos fenômenos estudados e suas relações com a situação educacional. Os resultados foram apresentados por meio de cinco categorias: Relação Projeto Político-Pedagógico e atividades desenvolvidas, Relações Interpessoais no processo ensino-aprendizagem, Relações interpessoais nas aproximações entre ensino e serviços, Interações entre os professores, Dimensão humana. A dimensão humana foi concebida como uma prioridade, entretanto, a falta de integração entre os professores, compreensão dissociada entre os aspectos humanos e técnicos da formação e as condições de trabalho aquém do necessário desfavoreciam a sua potencialização.
VIVÊNCIAS EDUCATIVAS NA IDADE ADULTA MADURA: UMA ABORDAGEM BIOECOLÓGICA
Authors: Conzatti Fernanda De Brito Kulmann , Davoglio Tárcia Rita
Published: April 2017

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender os sentidos que os estudantes adultos maduros atribuíram à retomada da educação formal na educação de jovens e adultos (EJA) e as suas percepções sobre as mudanças decorrentes desse percurso educativo. Utilizou o método de estudo de caso coletivo, tendo como sujeitos quatro adultos, masculinos, com mais de 45 anos. Realizaram-se entrevista semiestruturada e construção da linha do tempo da história escolar de cada sujeito, além de observações em sala de aula e análise do projeto político-pedagógico da escola para a EJA. As informações foram submetidas à análise textual discursiva, dialogando com os estudos de Urie Bronfenbrenner e Peter Jarvis. Os resultados apontaram para a emergência de duas categorias reveladoras dos sentidos atribuídos à vivência educativa na EJA, refletindo mudanças cognitivas, comportamentais, psicossociais e de hábitos de vida dos entrevistados. Essa produção de sentidos foi mediada por intercomunicações constantes entre micro, meso, exo e macrossistema, representadas pelas relações recíprocas e o apoio social e afetivo na retomada do processo de educação formal. A perspectiva teórica adotada pretendeu trazer um novo viés na forma de abordar o educando adulto da EJA, destacando, numa abordagem sistêmica do desenvolvimento, o empoderamento individual e coletivo por meio das relações educativas assim como as potencialidades do ato educativo para os adultos maduros.
Actions of female sex workers who experience male condom failure during penetrative sexual encounters with clients in Cape Town: Implications for HIV prevention strategies
Authors: Mukumbang Ferdinand C.
Published: April 2017

Background: Condom failure has always been found to coexist with condom usage, especially among sex workers.Objective: To describe the actions of female sex workers when they are faced with situations of condom failure.Methods: Using the survey design, the participants were selected through the snowball sampling method. Their responses were obtained using a structured questionnaire. A total of 100 questionnaires were analysed.Results: With respect to the immediate actions of sex workers after condom failure, 36% of the respondents continued with the sexual encounter after noticing that the condom was broken. Another 36% stopped immediately when they noticed that the condom had failed, but replaced the condom; 13% of the participants stopped the sexual encounter completely; 3% applied vaginal spermicidal foam; and 5% of the respondents stopped immediately and took a douche when they had the chance. For the actions within the next 24 hours of experiencing condom failure with a client, 53% of the participants did nothing; 4% sought counsel from a professional; 3% of the respondents took alcohol or drugs to forget the incident, 25% went to the clinic for assistance and 8% offered other responses.Conclusion: While continuing the sexual encounter without replacing the condom, taking alcohol and drugs or doing nothing could increase the risk of contracting HIV; however, actions like stopping the sexual encounter completely and visiting a clinic or a professional could make a difference between staying HIV negative or seroconverting. There is a need for targeted intervention to address issues of inappropriate behaviours after experiencing condom failure.
Primaquine in Plasma and Methemoglobinemia in Patients with Malaria Due to Plasmodium vivax in the Brazilian Amazon Basin
Authors: Vieira José Luiz , Ferreira Michelle E. S. , Ferreira Michelle V. D. , Gomes Margarete M.
Published: April 2017

Primaquine is the only licensed drug available for the elimination of Plasmodium vivax hypnozoites. Methemoglobinemia is currently reported in the course of treatment. There is evidence that metabolites of primaquine formed by the cytochrome pathway are responsible for methemoglobin formation; a genetic polymorphism of cytochrome isoforms; and a potential influence of gender in the activities of these enzymes requiring the establishment of dose × response curves profiles in different population groups. Concentrations of primaquine in plasma and methemoglobin levels were investigated in 54 patients with malaria due to P. vivax during the course of the standard regimen of chloroquine with primaquine (0.25 mg/kg/day for 14 days). All study subjects lived in an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon Basin. The blood samples were collected before initiation of treatment and 3 hours (range 2–4 hours) after the administration of antimalarial drugs on days 2, 7, and 14. Plasma primaquine concentrations were similar in both genders (males: range = 164–191 ng/mL, females: range = 193–212 ng/mL). Methemoglobin levels ranged from 3.3% to 5.9% in males and from 3.1% to 6.5% in females. There were no significant correlations between the plasma primaquine concentrations or total dose and methemoglobin levels, suggesting that unidentified metabolites rather than parent drug were likely responsible for changes in methemoglobin levels. There was no significant influence of gender on primaquine concentrations in plasma or methemoglobin levels.
Common fixed point theorems for mappings satisfying (E.A)-property via C-class functions in b-metric spaces
Authors: Ozturk Vildan , Ansari Arslan Hojat
Published: April 2017

In this paper, we consider and generalize recent b-(E.A)-property results in [11] via the concepts of C-class functions in b- metric spaces. A example is given to support the result.
On quasi-uniform box products
Authors: Olela Otafudu Olivier , Sabao Hope
Published: April 2017

We revisit the computation of entourage sections of the constant uniformity of the product of countably many copies the Alexandroff one-point compactification called the Fort space. Furthermore, we define the concept of a quasi-uniformity on a product of countably many copies of a quasi-uniform space, where the symmetrised uniformity of our quasiuniformity coincides with the constant uniformity. We use the concept of Cauchy filter pairs on a quasi-uniform space to discuss the completeness of its quasi-uniform box product.
A new cardinal function on topological spaces
Authors: Sari Dewi Kartika , Zhao Dongsheng
Published: April 2017

Using neighbourhood assignments, we introduce and study a new cardinal function, namely GCI(X), for every topological space X. We shall mainly investigate the spaces X with finite GCI(X). Some properties of this cardinal in connection with special types of mappings are also proved.
On cardinalities and compact closures
Authors: Krebs Mike
Published: April 2017

We show that there exists a Hausdorff topology on the set R of real numbers such that a subset A of R has compact closure if and only if A is countable. More generally, given any set X and any infinite set S, we prove that there exists a Hausdorff topology on X such that a subset A of X has compact closure if and only if the cardinality of A is less than or equal to that of S. When we attempt to replace “than than or equal to” in the preceding statement with “strictly less than,” the situation is more delicate; we show that the theorem extends to this case when S has regular cardinality but can fail when it does not. This counterexample shows that not every bornology is a bornology of compact closure. These results lie in the intersection of analysis, general topology, and set theory. 
On the generalized asymptotically nonspreading mappings in convex metric spaces
Authors: Phuengrattana Withun
Published: April 2017

In this article, we propose a new class of nonlinear mappings, namely, generalized asymptotically nonspreading mapping, and prove the existence of fixed points for such mapping in convex metric spaces. Furthermore, we also obtain the demiclosed principle and a delta-convergence theorem of Mann iteration for generalized asymptotically nonspreading mappings in CAT(0) spaces.
A note on weakly pseudocompact locales
Authors: Dube Themba
Published: April 2017

We revisit weak pseudocompactness in pointfree topology, and show that a locale is weakly pseudocompact if and only if it is Gδ-dense in some compactification. This localic approach (in contrast with the earlier frame-theoretic one) enables us to show that finite localic products of locales whose non-void Gδ-sublocales are spatial inherit weak pseudocompactness from the factors. We also show that if a locale is weakly pseudocompact and its Gδ-sublocales are complemented then it is Baire.
Fixed points of α-Θ-Geraghty type and Θ-Geraghty graphic type contractions
Authors: Onsod Wudthichai , Kumam Poom , Cho Yoel Je
Published: April 2017

In this paper, by using the concept of the α-Garaghty contraction, we introduce the new notion of the α-Θ-Garaghty type contraction and prove some fixed point results for this contraction in partial metric spaces. Also, we give some examples and applications to illustrate the main results.
Transitions between 4-intersection values of planar regions
Authors: Bell Kathleen , Richmond Tom
Published: April 2017

If A(t) and B(t) are subsets of the Euclidean plane which are continuously morphing, we investigate the question of whether they may morph directly from being disjoint to overlapping so that the boundary and interior of A(t) both intersect the boundary and interior of B(t) without first passing through a state in which only their boundaries intersect.  More generally, we consider which 4-intersection values---binary 4-tuples specifying whether the boundary and interior of A(t) intersect the boundary and interior of B(t)---are adjacent to which in the sense that one may morph into the other without passing through a third value.  The answers depend on what forms the regions A(t) and B(t) are allowed to assume and on the definition of continuous morphing of the sets.
Technical note: Relating functional group measurements to carbon types for improved model–measurement comparisons of organic aerosol composition
Authors: Takahama Satoshi , Ruggeri Giulia
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Functional group (FG) analysis provides a means by which functionalization in organic aerosol can be attributed to the abundances of its underlying molecular structures. However, performing this attribution requires additional, unobserved details about the molecular mixture to provide constraints in the estimation process. We present an approach for conceptualizing FG measurements of organic aerosol in terms of its functionalized carbon atoms. This reformulation facilitates estimation of mass recovery and biases in popular carbon-centric metrics that describe the extent of functionalization (such as oxygen to carbon ratio, organic mass to organic carbon mass ratio, and mean carbon oxidation state) for any given set of molecules and FGs analyzed. Furthermore, this approach allows development of parameterizations to more precisely estimate the organic carbon content from measured FG abundance. We use simulated photooxidation products of α-pinene secondary organic aerosol previously reported by Ruggeri et al. (2016) and FG measurements by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in chamber experiments by Sax et al. (2005) to infer the relationships among molecular composition, FG composition, and metrics of organic aerosol functionalization. We find that for this simulated system, ∼ 80 % of the carbon atoms should be detected by FGs for which calibration models are commonly developed, and ∼ 7 % of the carbon atoms are undetectable by FT-IR analysis because they are not associated with vibrational modes in the infrared. Estimated biases due to undetected carbon fraction for these simulations are used to make adjustments in these carbon-centric metrics such that model–measurement differences are framed in terms of unmeasured heteroatoms (e.g., in hydroperoxide and nitrate groups for the case studied in this demonstration). The formality of this method provides framework for extending FG analysis to not only model–measurement but also instrument intercomparisons in other chemical systems.
Sub 500 nm refractory carbonaceous particles in the polar stratosphere
Authors: Schütze Katharina , Wilson James C. , Weinbruch Stephan , Benker Nathalie , Ebert Martin , Weigel Ralf , Borrmann Stephan
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Eleven particle samples collected in the polar stratosphere during SOLVE (SAGE III Ozone loss and validation experiment) from January until March 2000 were characterized in detail by high-resolution transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM/SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. A total number of 4175 particles (TEM = 3845; SEM = 330) was analyzed from these samples which were collected mostly inside the polar vortex in the altitude range between 17.3 and 19.9 km. By particle volume, all samples are dominated by volatile particles (ammonium sulfates/hydrogen sulfates). By number, approximately 28–82 % of the particles are refractory carbonaceous with sizes between 20–830 nm. Internal mixtures of refractory carbonaceous and volatile particles comprise up to 16 %, individual volatile particles about 9 to 72 %. Most of the refractory carbonaceous particles are completely amorphous, a few of the particles are partly ordered with a graphene sheet separation distance of 0.37 ± 0.06 nm (mean value ± standard deviation). Carbon and oxygen are the only detected major elements with an atomic O / C ratio of 0.11 ± 0.07. Minor elements observed include Si, S, Fe, Cr and Ni with the following atomic ratios relative to C: Si / C: 0.010 ± 0.011; S / C: 0.0007 ± 0.0015; Fe / C: 0.0052 ± 0.0074; Cr / C: 0.0012 ± 0.0017; Ni / C: 0.0006 ± 0.0011 (all mean values ± standard deviation). High resolution element distribution images reveal that the minor elements are distributed within the carbonaceous matrix, i.e., heterogeneous inclusions are not observed. No difference in size, nanostructure and elemental composition was found between particles collected inside and outside the polar vortex. Based on chemistry and nanostructure, aircraft exhaust, volcanic emissions and biomass burning can certainly be excluded as source. The same is true for the less probable, but globally important sources: wood burning, coal burning, diesel engines and ship emissions. Rocket exhaust and carbonaceous material from interplanetary dust particles remain as possible sources of the refractory carbonaceous particles studied. However, additional work is required in order to identify the sources unequivocally.
Spatial variability of organic matter molecular composition and elemental geochemistry in surface sediments of a small boreal Swedish lake
Authors: Tolu Julie , Rydberg Johan , Meyer-Jacob Carsten , Gerber Lorenz , Bindler Richard
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The composition of sediment organic matter (OM) exerts a strong control on biogeochemical processes in lakes, such as those involved in the fate of carbon, nutrients and trace metals. While between-lake spatial variability of OM quality is increasingly investigated, we explored in this study how the molecular composition of sediment OM varies spatially within a single lake and related this variability to physical parameters and elemental geochemistry. Surface sediment samples (0–10 cm) from 42 locations in Härsvatten – a small boreal forest lake with a complex basin morphometry – were analyzed for OM molecular composition using pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry for the contents of 23 major and trace elements and biogenic silica. We identified 162 organic compounds belonging to different biochemical classes of OM (e.g., carbohydrates, lignin and lipids). Close relationships were found between the spatial patterns of sediment OM molecular composition and elemental geochemistry. Differences in the source types of OM (i.e., terrestrial, aquatic plant and algal) were linked to the individual basin morphometries and chemical status of the lake. The variability in OM molecular composition was further driven by the degradation status of these different source pools, which appeared to be related to sedimentary physicochemical parameters (e.g., redox conditions) and to the molecular structure of the organic compounds. Given the high spatial variation in OM molecular composition within Härsvatten and its close relationship with elemental geochemistry, the potential for large spatial variability across lakes should be considered when studying biogeochemical processes involved in the cycling of carbon, nutrients and trace elements or when assessing lake budgets.