bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Street Medicine: A Scoping Review of Program Elements
Authors: Enich Michael , Tiderington Emmy , Ure Andrea
Published: December 2022

Globally, homelessness has grown over the past decade due to a diverse range of social and economic factors, including lack of affordable housing and retrenchment of social programs. People experiencing homelessness (PEH) experience markedly higher disease burdens than housed populations, as well as reduced access to healthcare. Street Medicine is a promising form of healthcare delivery that seeks to address the healthcare needs of this population despite known structural barriers to access. However, there is limited empirical literature describing Street Medicine practice and program elements. To address this gap, scoping review methods were used to review two major academic databases, web-based literature, and sources provided by content experts. Studies had to specifically reference “Street Medicine” as healthcare delivery and at least one of the review’s primary focuses: definitions, philosophies, or program elements. We conducted qualitative analysis to identify relevant themes. Of 1,016 unique sources identified, 349 met inclusion criteria. Six practice categories were identified: direct care, wraparound health services, harm reduction services, psychosocial case management, provision of life necessities, and education/research/advocacy. Despite a shared definition, there are a wide variety of Street Medicine program elements in use. This review sets parameters around which future research on effectiveness of these elements could be based.
Kıraatlerle İstişhâdın Nahiv Konularının Anlaşılmasındaki Rolü (Şerhu İbn ‘Akîl Örneği)
Authors: ACAR Mehmet Maşuk
Published: December 2022

İslâmî ilimler tarihinde ilk istişhâd uygulamalarına Kur’ân-ı Kerim'in garîp kelimelerini tefsir etmek amacıyla başlandığı bilinmektedir. Böylece bu kavramın gelişimi için henüz erken sayılan bir dönemde Kur’ân’la istişhâd ameliyesi başlamış olmaktadır. Bu süreçten sonra dilbilimciler tarafından Kur’ân’ı Kerîm’in yanı sıra hadis ve Arap şiiriyle de istişhâdda bulunulmuştur. Özellikle gramer kurallarının temellendirilmesi için kullanılan Kur’ân kıraatleri bu anlamda çok etkili olmuştur. Buna bağlı olarak dil kurallarının tespitinde Kur’ân ve onun kıraatleriyle şâhid getirilip bu konuda onların her bakımdan birincil kaynak olarak görülmesinde hiçbir âlimin itirazı olmamıştır. Çalışmadaki amacımız, kıraatlerin nahiv konularını temellendirmesindeki rolünü ortaya koymak olduğundan dilciler arasından söz konusu ihtimamı azami derecede gösteren Bahâüddîn İbn ‘Akîl (ö. 769/1367) çalışmanın konusu olarak tercih edilmiştir. Nitekim o, Şerhu İbn ‘Akîl adlı eserinde sahih kabul edilen on kıraatin yanı sıra bunların dışında kalan ve şâz diye isimlendirilen bazı kıraatlerle de istişhâdda bulunmuştur. Çalışmamıza konu olan bu eserin pek çok yerinde nahiv kurallarının söz konusu kıraat farklılıklarıyla temellendirilmeye çalışıldığı görülmektedir. Bu kıraatlerin mahiyet itibariyle ağırlıklı olarak ‘aşere imamlarından seçilmiş olması ise İbn ‘Akîl’in sahih-şâz tasavvurunu ortaya koymaktadır. Buna göre İbn ‘Akîl’in sayısal anlamda on kıraatin dışındakileri şâz kabul ettiği söylenmelidir. Ancak söz konusu eserde İbn ‘Akîl tarafından ihticâc edilen kıraatlerden bazısının ‘aşerenin dışında kalanlardan seçilmiş olması onun dil kurallarına verdiği önemin bir nişanesi olarak kıraatler arasında ayırım yapmadığını göstermektedir.
Desafios da permanência de cotistas em instituições públicas brasileiras: uma meta-análise de dados baseada em teses da área da Educação
Authors: Guedes Elizabeth da Silva , Moreira Laélia Portela
Published: December 2022

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre cotas em Instituições de Ensino Superior públicas, com base em uma análise de teses defendidas em Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação no período de 2012 a 2018, à luz do conceito de equidade no Ensino Superior, de McCowan, em diálogo com a literatura sobre ações afirmativas e com a Proposta do Ativismo Transformador, de Stetsenko. Os resultados mostram a relevância da Lei de Cotas, os argumentos éticos e morais sustentados pelos autores das teses para a manutenção e o aperfeiçoamento dessa lei, as dificuldades, internas às instituições, bem como as recomendações relacionadas ao acesso e à permanência dos cotistas.
A Prospective Study of Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Eclampsia in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Prasad Sampada
Published: December 2022

Background: The term eclampsia is derived from a Greek word, meaning like a flash of lightening. The onset of convulsions in a woman with pre-eclampsia that cannot be attributed to other causes is termed eclampsia. It is a major cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity in our country. The management of eclampsia is still challenging to the obstetrician, requiring the greatest skill, judgement, and patience. Methods and Materials: Our study is an observational and prospective study of 58 cases admitted with eclampsia in Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (MGIMS), Sewagram. The study was extended from January 2020 to December 2021. The inclusion criteria were all the cases of eclampsia (antepartum and postpartum), primigravida and multigravida, duration of gestation>20 weeks. Patients with convulsion during pregnancy or in puerperal period attributed to epilepsy or other causes were excluded from the study. Results: In our study majority of cases (58.6 %) belong to the younger age group /= 37 weeks). 55.2% had antepartum eclampsia, 36.2% postpartum and 8.6% had intrapartum eclampsia. Most common complication observed was need of blood or blood products transfusion (35 %), Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes Low Platelets (HELLP) syndrome (21%), prolonged Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission (19%) followed by abruption, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC), Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES), hypertensive retinopathy, pulmonary edema. Majority of patients (57%) underwent cesarean section, most common indication being poor bishop’s score with deteriorating maternal condition (54.5%). Out of 58 cases, 84.4% were live births and 15.6% were still born. 63.2% of all live births were small for gestational age, 44.8% had Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and 8% had early neonatal death. Conclusion: Early pregnancy registration, good antenatal care and counselling about warning symptoms, early identification of pre-eclampsia and its complications, and timely intervention can reduce the incidence of eclampsia. Early identification of high-risk cases at primary healthcare facilities including severe pre-eclampsia, impending eclampsia and eclampsia and immediate referral to tertiary care centre equipped with multidisciplinary team, ICU and NICU facilities, might reduce fetal morbidities like prematurity, neonatal intensive care unit admission etc. and maternal morbidities like prolonged hospitalisation, AKI, DIC , pulmonary edema, multi organ dysfunction syndrome etc. and mortality.
Stage Directions and the Insistent Narrator in Brian Friel
Authors: Looby Robert
Published: December 2022

This is a study of the covert narrator in Brian Friel’s plays and is part of a growing interest in narratology in theater. The covert narrator is revealed to readers by means of stage directions, divided into two types: those that can reach the audience and those that must stay with the reader. The character of the covert narrator is revealed principally in directions that are impossible to carry out, which contain free indirect discourse and which editorialize—things only readers can fully appreciate but which are still relevant to the production of the play since the covert narrator is in effect a character in the play. The article presents a close reading of plays from virtually all stages of Friel’s career to demonstrate that it is at those points when communication between on-stage characters breaks down that the covert narrator comes closest to revealing his hand.
“Popping into Your Mind’s Eye”: Covert Multimodality in David Foster Wallace’s “The Soul Is Not a Smithy”
Authors: Delazari Ivan , Polley Jason S.
Published: December 2022

The article reads David Foster Wallace’s short story “The Soul Is Not a Smithy” (2004) as a sample of covert multimodality—implementation of several sensorial and/or semiotic modes in an apparently monomodal medium. Unlike the thoroughly theorized genre of the multimodal novel, Wallace’s narrative does not materially incorporate any visual images, remaining “purely” verbal—even hyperverbal, considering the author’s reputation for supplemental detours and deferrals. In “The Soul Is Not a Smithy,” one narrative strand is a comic strip the schoolkid protagonist pictures entirely in his head, projecting it onto a classroom windowpane while other events transpire. Alternating between reports of imaginary comic panels and fragments from other subplots, Wallace stimulates the reader’s capacity to visualize layered literary storyworlds. Because our “sensations,” in Lars Elleström’s nomenclature, matter more than material “sense-data” in the establishment of a multimodal experience, the comic provides the narrative with a distinct visual interface.
Assessment of Level of Stress in Undergraduate Medical Students of a Private Medical College in Pakistan
Authors: Umbrin Izza , , Shah Sana , Siddiqui Sana , Rehman Saadia , Asad Washma , Ambreen Unaiza
Published: December 2022

Background: Extensive and demanding medical curriculum manifests itself as stress in medical students. Different individuals perceive stress differently. Stress greatly affects academic performance and mental health of medical students. Levels of stress vary with gender, year of study and living conditions of students. Objective: This study was performed to evaluate stress levels of undergraduate medical students in Pakistan. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Duration: Two months from December 2021 to January 2022. Setting: Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan. Methods: First year, second year, third year, fourth year and final year MBBS students from Multan Medical and Dental College (MMDC), Pakistan were selected through census sampling. Students were asked to fill Perceived Stress Scale Questionnaire (PSSQ-10). After quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive studies, all students were divided into three groups: low stress, moderate stress, and high stress bearers. Results: Among 427 students, 54 (12.65%) students had low stress, 311 (72.83%) students had moderate stress and 62 (14.52%) students had high stress. Females were more stressed compared to males. Among high stress group, 18% females were affected compared to 9% males. 73.94% females had moderate stress compared to their male counterparts i.e., 71.08%. Male boarders were less stressed compared to female boarders. Students of first year had lowest perceived stress (M=9, SD=3.82), whereas final year students had highest stress (M=30.5, SD= 2.8), followed by third year, fourth year, second year and first year students. Practical implication: This study is intended to give an insight into level of stress that medical students are encountering. Early intervention by concerned authorities for high levels of stress can enable students to handle stress in a better way in years to come and prevent them from developing any psychiatric disorders. Students with mild and moderate stress levels can be helped to prevent more serious stress conditions. A less stressful environment is congenial for students for academics and mental health. Conclusion: The study highlights the issue of prevalence of perceived stress among medical students, which is affecting their academic performance and health. Keywords: Moderate Stress, Under-Graduate Perceived Stress Scale ,, Discomfort, Academic,
Conditions Diagnosed on Bladder Biopsy in Adult Female Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) Refractory to Medical Treatment
Authors: Rehman Hafiz Abdul , Ahmad Abeer Aftab , Sahi Fahd Asif , Ahmed Masroor
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The incidence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) as the sole presenting symptom for bladder cancer has traditionally been reported to be low. Refractory LUTS are a well-recognized initial presenting symptom in a small percentage of patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer. Traditionally, patients who present with refractory LUTS are thought to have carcinoma in-situ (CIS) at diagnosis. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the evaluate the Conditions diagnosed on bladder biopsy in adult female patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) refractory to medical treatment. Materials and Methods: We queried our database of bladder cancer patients in the hospital to identify patients who presented solely with LUTS and were subsequently diagnosed with bladder cancer. Demographic, clinical, and pathologic variables were examined. Results: 4.1% (14/340) of bladder cancer patients in our series presented solely with LUTS. Mean age and Charlson Co-morbidity Index of these patients was 66.4 years. Of the 14 patients in our data presenting with LUTS, 9 (64.3%), 4 (28.6%), and 1 (7.1%) patients presented with clinical stage Ta, carcinoma in Situ (CIS), and T2 disease. At a follow up of 6 months, recurrence occurred in 7 (50.0%) patients with progression occurring in 1 (7.1%) patient. 11 (78.6%) patients were alive and currently disease free, and 3 (21.4%) patients had died, with only one (7.1%) death attributable to bladder cancer. Practical implication: This study suggests that urologists should have a low threshold for evaluating patients with unexplained LUTS for underlying bladder cancer. Conclusions: It is concluded that incidence of LUTS as the sole presenting symptom in patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer. Keywords: UTI, Bladder, Patients, Hyperplasia, LUTS, Cancer
Effects of Caffeine on Mood, Memory and Attention
Authors: Saleem Abdul Rafay , Iftikhar Rabia , Ali Kazmi Syed Messum , Majeed Ayesha
Published: December 2022

Aim: The Experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of caffeine and caffeine withdrawal on mood, memory and mindful attention awareness of the students of Government College University, Lahore. Methodology: A total number of 24 participants aged between 18-26 years were recruited for the study from government college university among which there were 12 participants in the experimental and 12 participants in the control group. Furthermore, pretest and posttest equivalent group design was applied. Firstly, the standard progressive matrices (SPM) was used as a screening tool and then, to measure the effects of caffeine on attention awareness, memory and mood, the mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS), Wechsler memory scale (WMS) and brief mood introspection scale (BMIS) were applied. Results: The within group analysis was carried out by applying Friedman test which yielded the effects of caffeine and caffeine withdrawal on all the variables of the study. The lowest score of experimental group participants in posttest1 on these subscales indicates the impact of caffeine withdrawal while the score of participants on some subscales of these tests was not affected due to it. Conclusion: The findings of the experimental study helped to investigate the effects on caffeine and caffeine withdrawal on mood, memory and mindful attention awareness of university students. Most of the results of the present study were according to the results of researches that were conducted previously on caffeine but a few differed as well. The experimental study has implications for students, our society in general, researchers as well as for the parents of students. Keywords: Caffeine, withdrawal, effects, mood, memory and mindful attention awareness
Frequency of Placenta Previa in Patients with Repeated C-Section
Authors: Dawood Faiza , Hanif Sadia , Pervaiz Sidra , Farooqi Komal , Rehman Maria , Afridi Nighat
Published: December 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of placenta previa and adverse outcomes in patients with repeated C-sections. Study Design: Descriptive/Observational study Place and Duration: Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar for the period from February 2021 to January 2022. Methods: There were 60 pregnant women had age 20-50 years were presented. Pregnant women with the history of c-section were included in this study. After getting informed written consent demographics of included patients i.e age, body mass index, gestational age, parity and gravidity were recorded. After delivery, association of placenta previa was recorded. Maternal and fetus outcomes were also assessed in this study. SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: Majority of the cases 28 (46.7%) were aged between 20-30 years, 20 (33.3%) had age 31-40 years and 12 (20%) patients were aged between 41-50 years. 34 (56.7%) cases had BMI >25kg/m2 and 26 (43.3%) patients had BMI <25kg/m2. Mean parity of the patients was 4.7±3.21 and mean gestational age was 36.13±14.61 weeks. Frequency of placenta previa was found in 15 (25%) cases in which majority 9 (60%) were males and 6 (40%) were females. Among 15 cases of placenta previa, low apgar score, low birth weight and ICU admission were the adverse outcomes among new borns. In mothers, frequent bleeding, pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes were the adverse events. Conclusion: The results of this research led us to the conclusion that the prevalence of placenta previa rises with an increasing number of prior caesarean sections and the associated negative fetomaternal outcome. Keywords: C-section, Placenta Previa, Adverse Events, Parity
Role of Minimally Invasive Surgery (Laparsocopic Surgery) in the Management of Acute Abdomen
Authors: Bakhtiar Nasir , Tayyeb Muhammad , Tahir Ahmad Arsalan , Ahmad Tufail , Ishfaq Muhammad , Khan Asad Ullah
Published: December 2022

Objective: The study's goal is to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of non-invasive surgery (laparoscopy) in the treatment of acute abdomen. Methods: This is an observational study, conducted in Peshawar Medical College Group of Hospitals, Peshawar from January, 2020 to July, 2021. Total 60 patients presented with acute abdomen were included in the study. Patients underwent Laparoscopic surgery after initial work-up. The outcome of Laparoscopy was assessed in terms of diagnostic accuracy, conversion rate, inadvertent injury, hospital stay, wound infection and pain score. Result: Total 60 patients with acute abdomen underwent Laparoscopy during study period. Male to female ratio 1: 1.2 (27:33) while mean age was 36.18 years (12-75). In 93% (56/60) cases per-operative diagnosis was compatible with pre-operative diagnosis. The conversion rate from laparoscopic to open surgery was 1.6%. The average length of hospital stay was 1.45 days (1-4 days). On a visual analogue scale, the mean pre-operative pain level was 6.28. (3-9). On the first post-operative day, the mean post-operative pain score on a visual analogue scale was 1.68. (1-4). Infection at the port site occurred in 3.3% (2/60). Conclusion: Laparoscopy is a safe and effective method of diagnosing and treating acute abdomen so it can be safely adopted in patients presenting with acute abdomen as Laparoscopy eliminates diagnostic delays and unneeded laparotomy and its complications. Keywords: Acute Abdomen, Laparoscopy, Minimally Invasive Surgery, Laparotomy
Outcome Comparison Between Tocilizumab and Pulse Solumedrol in Severe Covid Disease Among Resource Depleted Areas
Authors: Sahi Qasim Nawaz , Ahmad Muhammad , Kiran Mehwish , Iqbal Arslan , Durrani Arsalan Ahmad Khan , Rizwan Hafiz Muhammad
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has recently emerged. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the outcome comparison between tocilizumab and pulse solumedrol in severe COVID disease among resource depleted areas. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Central Park Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lahore and the duration of this study was from August 2021 to March 2022. The data was collected through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. The data was collected into two groups. Men and non-pregnant women over 18 years old COVID diagnosis confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) Pao2 / FIO2 <200 Laboratory: high sensitivity C reactive protein> 5 mg / L; lactic dehydrogenase (LDH ) > 245 U / l; Ferritin> 300; D-dimer> 1500; Interleukin-6> 7.0 pg / ml were included. Results: The data was collected from 300 patients, 150 in each group. There were 72.9% male aged 41–60 years 45.8% were female with a mean age of 55.4 ± 10.6 years. Diabetes and hypertension was the most common comorbidity in selected patients. Tocilizumab group had more number of males (P = 0.017), with higher incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD, P = 0.008). Conclusion: It is concluded that Tocilizumab decreased the propensity of severe COVID-19 patients to require invasive mechanical ventilation when compared to high-dose solumedrol pulse, especially in those with severe ARDS, but this did not translate to improved 30-day survival in them.
Efficacy of Follys Catheter Intrauterine Balloon Temponade for the Control of Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Dawood Faiza , Bibi Razia , Pervaiz Sidra , . Salma , Hanif Sadia , Afridi Nighat
Published: December 2022

Objective: This research aims to determine how well balloon temponade works as a treatment for postpartum bleeding. Study Design: Retrospective Study Place and Duration: Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar for the duration from February 2021 to January 2022. Methods: Total 118 women had age 18-40 years were presented in this study. Patients who were diagnosed with, or who were admitted to the hospital for treatment of primary postpartum haemorrhage caused by uterine atony were included. Gestational age and parity among all females were recorded. Folly catheter intrauterine ballon tamponade was used and its effectiveness among all cases was assessed. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: Among 118 cases, 40 (33.9%) cases had age 18-25 years, 55 (46.6%) females had age 26-30 years and 23 (19.8%) cases had age >30years. 75 (63.6%) had BMI <25kg/m2 and 43 (36.4%) had BMI >25kg/m2. Mean gestational age of the females was 36.55±6.72 and mean parity was 3.11±6.9. Mean blood loss was 1208.5±227.9 ml. Mean pulse rate was 106.8±4.97 bpm. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 88.41±12.7 mmHg and 56.14±8.4 mmHg. Efficacy of balloon tamponade was found in 108 (91.5%) cases. Complications were found in 3 (3.5%) cases. Conclusion: We conclude that follys intrauterine catheter balloon tamponade controls postpartum bleeding. There should be a low threshold for using balloon tamponade as it is effective, easy to use, easily available, has a low complication rate, and is an economical modality to control non-traumatic postpartum haemorrhage, especially in resource-limited settings, and sustain reproductive potential. Keywords: Balloon Temponade, PostPartum Haemorrhage, Efficacy, Complications
Frequency of Dentine Hypersensitivity and their Associated Risk Factors Amongst the Patients Visiting the Dental Outpatient Department
Authors: Zeb Akhtar , Amirzadah Shandana , Ahmad Fawad , Afridi Fatima , Ullah Nahmeed , Munir Akhtar
Published: December 2022

Background: Medical practitioners often encounter dentine hypersensitivity, which is a challenging problem to manage. Dentine hypersensitivity is characterized by acute, transient discomfort from an exposed dentin region in response to stimuli that is unrelated to any other disease. Objective: To assess the frequency of dentine hypersensitivity and their associated risk factors amongst the patients visiting the dental outpatient department Methodology: The current study was cross-sectional, carried out at the dental outpatient department of Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex, Nowshera for duration of six months from January 2022 to June 2022. The survey questionnaire included queries about patient’s age, gender, dentine hypersensitivity presence/absence awareness and factors associated with the dentine hypersensitivity. Data analysis was carried out by using IBM SPSS version 23. Results: The overall frequency of dentine hypersensitivity was observed in 98 (35%) patients. Based on gender, dentine hypersensitivity was observed in 35 (27.77%) males and 63 (40.90%) females. The major risk factors of tooth sensitivity were ice cream in 118 (42.14%) participants followed by iced water in 64 (22.86%) participants. Practical implication: There is little information available in Pakistan on how much the general public is familiar of dentine hypersensitivity. Therefore, this study will help to determine the prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity amongst patients who visited the dental outpatient clinic at the Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex in Nowshera and to analyze the various risk factors associated with it. Conclusion: Our study concludes that dentine hypersensitivity is highly prevalent in patients visiting the dental outpatients department. Dentine hypersensitivity was frequently observed in females as compared to males. Ice cream and iced water were the major risk factors in our study. Keywords: Dentine hypersensitivity; Frequency; Outpatient department; Risk factors
Platelet Spleen Index is a Noninvasive Technique to Detect Esophageal Varices in Cirrhotics
Authors: Iltaf Muhammad , Jan Naeem , Khan Zardost , . Nowsherwan , Khan Atta Muhammad , Ali Amjad
Published: December 2022

Background: noninvasive esophageal parameters may prevent the need for an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Liver cirrhosis patients may benefit from the PC/SD ratio and the platelet count to spleen diameter (PC/SD) ratio, both of which are noninvasive yet useful indicators of liver cirrhosis progression. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the platelet spleen index for the diagnosis of gastric varices in patients with cirrhosis, using esophagogastroduodenoscopy as the reference standard. Methodology: A-Cross-sectional descriptive validation The study was conducted over the course of three months, from October, 2019 to December 2019. At the Gastroenterology A tertiary care hospital. The study comprised 90 participants. In addition to the requisite blood tests, abdominal ultrasonography was used to evaluate the size of the spleen. TYPE SIZE The sensitivity is 83%, the specificity is 66%, and the accuracy is 83% Variations were found in 24% of cirrhotic individuals. Cirrhosis was defined in accordance with the operational definition. Patients' blood samples were collected at the hospital laboratory for a complete blood count, abdominal ultrasound was performed in the Radiology department, and upper GI endoscopy was performed in the endoscopic suite for screeningpurposes. Results: With reverence to study the ages of the study's patients varied from 55.0 to 89.8. Ninety patients (44.7%) were women, while the remaining 48 (55.3%) were males. Hepatitis C was the most common diagnosis (almost 50%), followed by hepatitis B, cryptogenic cirrhosis, and Wilson's disease. Hepatitis A and B accounted for the remaining cases. (1.2% of the total). There were three distinct severity levels for esophageal varices. 12 patients (14.2%), 23 patients (27.7%), 32 patients (37.7%), and 38 esophageal varies (21.8%). Out of the total 90, 69.5% were determined to be in Child's Pugh stage A, 24.9% in stage B, and 4.7% in grade C. In a two-by-two table, we calculated the likelihood ratio (sensitivity plus specificity plus positive and negative predictive values) of the platelet spleen index for the diagnosis of gastro esophageal varices, and it came out to 78%. A ROC curve was also generated. The patients were stratified according to their age, gender, the cause of their cirrhosis, and the severity of their condition. Practical implications: This study will provide data to the health care workers to use non-invasive technique to lower procedure costs and associated complications to detect Esophageal varices in cirrhotics Conclusion: It is possible that the amount of unnecessary esophagogastroduodenoscopies may be reduced if a noninvasive method for diagnosing gastroesophageal varices were widely used. keywords: Esophageal varies, Cirrhosis, Platelet spleen index, Non invasive method, esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Detection of Plasmodium DNA in Saliva of ICT Positive Malaria Patients
Authors: Farid Asma , Saadat Fatima , Asia Marina , Waseem Shahid , Gul Wali
Published: December 2022

Malaria is one of the most common and dangerous tropical infections. WHO estimates 3 million people in 24 countries are at risk for malaria. Malaria eradication is a top global health priority. Mosquitos spread Malaria, WNV, and Dengue Fever. A female Anopheles mosquito bite transmits malaria. Night and dawn are peak times. Plasmodium falciparum, malaria, vivax, ovale, and knowlesi infect humans. The deadliest parasite is Plasmodium falciparum. Objective: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of blood and salivary PCR among malaria patients and assess saliva as a Malaria diagnostic medium. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March 2020 to May 2020 at Rafah Hospital Islamabad. After approval from the ethical review board, 100 subjects were approached from patients admitted to the medical /pediatrics ward, diagnosed with malaria by ICT or Microscopy. After Informed consent, ICT malaria was again performed on all of these subjects; each subject had taken paired blood and saliva samples. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 23 Results: The present study analyzed the prevalence of malarial DNA in the saliva of malaria- diagnosed patients and evaluated the efficiency of the saliva of malarial patients as an alternate medium for its diagnosis. Among 100 study participants, Blood PCR showed 100% Sensitivity and 51.9% specificity compared to salivary PCR among 100 study Participants. Moreover, Salivary PCR showed a Sensitivity of 65.8% and a Specificity of 27% compared to Blood PCR. Practical implication: This study will provide data about the comparison of sensitivity and specificity of blood and salivary PCR among malaria patients and assess saliva as a Malaria diagnostic medium. Conclusion: Our study concluded that Blood PCR has good sensitivity and specificity compared to saliva PCR keeping ICT as the Gold standard. Moreover, saliva can not be used as an effective medium for the Diagnosis of Malaria. Keywords: Malarial DNA, Saliva, Blood PCR, salivary PCR.
Alexithymia and its Association with Smartphone Addiction and Physical Activity in University Students of Islamabad
Authors: Nadeem Kashaf , . Tehreem , Zafar Ibraheem , Ahmad Naveed , Masood Ramsha , Shafique Muhammad Saad , Rafi Ashar
Published: December 2022

Objective: Determine the prevalence of alexithymia and its relationship with smartphone addiction and physical activity among university students of Islamabad. Methods: In this cross sectional study, a 20 item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Smartphone Addiction Scale-Long version (SAS-LV), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short form (IPAQ-SF) were administered to 377 students from 6 universities of Islamabad using convenient sampling technique and the data was analyzed through statistical package for social sciences 26. Results: Alexithymia was present in 29.7% of university students and it was positively correlated with smartphone addiction but not significantly associated with physical activity. The two factors in the subscales of alexithymia DIF and DDF were positively correlated with smartphone addiction whereas EOT was not significantly correlated. Moreover, other sociodemographic variables showed a positive relationship with alexithymia: age, gender, satisfaction with life and residential status. Practical implications: This study would increase the awareness about alexithymia and its associated factors in the local community which would further steer direction to seek help from healthcare practitioners. Conclusion: More than 1/4rth of the university students were suffering from alexithymia and the score of alexithymia increased with level of smartphone addiction. Keywords: Alexithymia, University students, Islamabad, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Long version, International Physical activity questionnaire.
Language Development in 2-to-4-year-old Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Kashif Hunia , Khan Muhammad Azzam , Zulkarnain Zunaira , Mansoor Abeeha Fatima , Saeed Bareera , Masood Fahad , Chugtai Arslan Saleem
Published: December 2022

One of the frequently occurring disabilities of early age is Cerebral Palsy. Impairments in speech, language and communication usually co-occur with CP. These arise from the auditory, sensory and visual disorders that accompany CP. Delay or impairments in the development of language in cerebral palsy can lead to different speech and language disorders. Objectives: Evaluating the development of language in children with cerebral palsy between 2-4 years of age. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was utilized. Data was collected from different healthcare centers, clinics and hospitals. Convenient-based sampling technique was used. Children with co-morbid conditions with CP were not included in the study sample. The assessment tool used for evaluation of language development was ‘PORTAGE – early education program.’ The language related questions of PEEP were included as the tool for data collection. The data for 108 patients of cerebral palsy between 2-4 years of age was compiled. The results have been divided into demographics and the levels of portage i.e., 0-1 years, 1-2 years, 2-3 years and 3-4 years. The receptive as well as expressive language has been evaluated for these children. Total 70 questions have been added from the portage guide for up to 4 years of age. Results: It is observed that a little more than half of the patients included in the study experience varying degrees of language difficulties. These difficulties are an accumulation of receptive as well as expressive impairments. On the contrary, a little under half of the patients (46.38%) have language abilities developed according to their age. Early identification of language impairment in children with Cerebral Palsy can lead to early intervention. This study evaluates the language development in young patients with CP. The results reveal the percentage of patients with language impairments. Hence, the study encourages early evaluation and treatment of language disorders in this population. Conclusion: The most vital period of language development ranges till 5 years of age. So, 2-4 years is an important period of time for language development in an individual. An in-depth assessment of speech, language, cognitive and motor skills should be conducted during this time for CP children. Keywords: Cerebral Palsy, Portage Early Education Program, Language Development, Language Impairment.
EARLY WARNING SYSTEM (PENGGUNAAN WHATSAPP BOT DI BIDANG KESEHATAN)
Authors: Dewi Riskha Dora Candra
Published: December 2022

Social media has taken on a new function in recent years, serving as both a source of information and a way to participate and communicate. A same scenario happened with WhatsApp; many people use it to obtain updates on Covid-19's health. The goal of this project is to use a WhatsApp Bot to investigate the health sector's early warning system. This study employs a literature review method, which entails examining scholarly publications, books, and research journals. Articles from 2019 to 2021 were selected as inclusion criterion. The findings of the study demonstrate that the usage of WhatsApp Bot in the health industry is critical for early warning systems, particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic. The use of this Whatsapp bot is aimed at assisting healthcare professionals in spotting early warning signs of critically unwell patients in an inpatient hospital, before their clinical state worsens
PEMIDANAAN TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA MELARIKAN WANITA YANG BELUM CUKUP UMUR PUTUSAN /36/Pid.B/2019 PN GST
Authors: Nuriyah Sinta , Mahyani Ahmad
Published: December 2022

This type of crime against human freedom in Chapter II Chapter XVIII of the Criminal Code, which is specifically investigated in Article 332 of the Criminal Code, which means running away from an underage woman. This study explains the criminal responsibility of elderly women who have run away and legal considerations for judges deciding crimes where elderly women are not sufficient. This study uses normative research, due to criminal acts that run away from immature women. The application of punishment is not in accordance with Article 332 of the Criminal Code, namely the conflict between Article 332 of the Criminal Code and the judge's decision. People who run away with too few women can only be held accountable if they meet the criteria of criminal responsibility, in this case they can be sentenced to a maximum of 7 years in prison according to Article 332 Paragraph (1) 1st of the Criminal Code. The basis for the opinion of the judge to give a decision in the case of running away from a girl who is not yet an adult is a matter of legal consideration based on legal facts in court to prove the guilt of the defendant
STRATEGI PEMBANGUNAN DESA MANDIRI DI DESA BOJONG KAMAL KABUPATEN TANGERANGDALAM PERSPEKTIF BISNIS LOKAL
Authors: Pratala Esaka
Published: December 2022

The background of this writing is the implementation of the work program of the Institute for Research and Community Service of the Yuppentek College of Social and Political Sciences in Bojong Kamal Village, as the fostered village. In realizing an independent village, a strategy is needed as a step towards the desired expectations. Through a strategic management study, the results of the research describe what strategies, programs and activities are needed to make Bojong Kamal Village become an independent village, especially from a local business perspective
IMPLEMENTASI WAJIB PENDIDIKAN DASAR 12 TAHUN DI KOTA TANGERANG
Authors: Subagia Dodi
Published: December 2022

The policy of the Tangerang City Government in increasing compulsory basic education that must be taken by its people from 9 years to 12 years, especially in increasing the number of senior high school public schools, is felt by private school managers to be a threat to its continued implementation, with an indication of a decrease in the number of people interested in school in schools that are managed by the private sector. The results of the analysis show that the existence of this policy must be responded positively by private school managers to further improve the quality of learning in schools. In fact, the decline in the number of students in private schools is more dominant by the emergence of new schools that offer a much better quality of learning
SOSIALISASI PENGGUNAAN APD PADA SAAT PRAKTEK KLINIK KEPADA SISWA SMK KESEHATAN TNI AL MAKASSAR
Authors: Talli Rosmaladewi , Goeliling Ariyani
Published: December 2022

The need for health services is increasing in line with population growth and increasing public knowledge and awareness about the importance of health. This increase in need concerns the increase in the number and size of a health facility, including a dental clinic, which impacts increasing the number of workers, where these workers have a high chance of potentially hazardous health hazards. According to the World Organizational organization, one of the efforts to provide labour protection for Occupational Safety and Health in the dental clinic is providing personal protective equipment. With the socialization of the use of (PPE), it is hoped that the Makassar Navy Health Vocational School students will protect themselves in their clinical practice. And evaluation. The result of the implementation of this socialization is an increase in the knowledge of the Makassar Navy Health School students regarding PPE used during clinical practice
PENGUATAN RELATIONSHIP CAPITAL PADA PELAKU IKM INDUSTRI TENUN DI KABUPATEN DONGGALA
Authors: Asngadi Asngadi , Nurdin Djayani , Kasim Muh. Yunus , Husnah Husnah , Nugraha Mohammad Ega , Palawa Muhammad Riswandi
Published: December 2022

One challenge for the development of SMEs is the lack of access to financial institutions and markets, so it is difficult for SMEs to develop. Difficult access to financial resources will impact the limitations of business expansion which has an impact on the weakness to expand business volume. On the other hand, weak market access also impacts the small size of the market controlled by IKM, which impacts the slight growth in product demand. The weakness factor attached to IKM is the direct access to business development. This service program is intended to provide knowledge on how to manage relational capital for IKM businesses so that they will be able to grow in the long term. Especially for IKM weaving in Towale village, a tourist village being developed by the Dongggala Regency government. Implementation time is one month. With research outputs in the form of articles published in devotional journals, banned and activity videos
PELATIHAN KETRAMPILAN BERBICARA BAHASA INGGRIS PADA “GIVING & ASKING DIRECTION” BAGI IBU-IBU PURI BURAN INDAH KARANGANYAR
Authors: Anindita Widyashanti Kunthara
Published: December 2022

English as the language of international communication today is significant to be learned by students and homemakers. Housewives, especially PBI (Puri Buran Indah) Rt.7/Rw.6 mothers also need to be given English lessons. This is so that they can increase confidence when they can practise speaking English if foreigners are confused in finding a tourist location or asking for help with an address. The CLT (Communicative Language Teaching) method emphasizes the interaction between learners and teachers in achieving predetermined learning goals in this direction. The results of this training mothers feel happy because they get knowledge and practice it directly. Although the Javanese accent of mothers is still there when speaking English but it is not a problem. Most importantly, PBI mothers have no problem with what they want to say or speak English in terms of directions
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENJUALAN USAHA KERAJINAN GERABAH PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID – 19
Authors: Diatmika Ida Ayu Susan Trisna , Yahya Afif Syarifudin
Published: December 2022

Banyuning Village is a center of pottery craft suppliers in Buleleng Regency. The pottery craft is usually used for traditional ceremonies and souvenirs. The pandemic Covid-19 has reduced the sales of craft. The purpose of community service activities is to help pottery artisans to increase sales during pandemic Covid-19 through used social media. The methods used are surveying pottery artisans not yet on social media, giving education utilization and profits using social media, product marketing the social media, and the monitor. The result shows that social media platforms important role in increasing sales during the pandemic Covid-19. Optimizing social media as product marketing can increase sales of pottery products up to 60% and reach the consumer on a broader scale
PERSEPSI SISWA MADRASAH DINIYAH DARUSSALAM DESA KASERANGAN KECAMATAN PONTANG PADA PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Puspitorini Puput , Faojiyah Faojiyah , Kurniyanto Rizki
Published: December 2022

This research aims to provide an overview of students' perceptions of online learning in the Covid-19 period and the negative impact of the spread of the virus on the implementation of learning by learners. The approach to this study is a descriptive case study. The research was conducted on the stairs from July 14 to August 20,  2021, in community service programs located in Kaserangan village of Pontang District of Serang Regency. This study presented  38 students class V in Madrasah  Diniyah  Darussalam as a research subject. Data is collected by conducting open interviews online through the  WhatsApp app. Data analysis techniques use the Bogdan and Biklen models with data reduction, formulating sub-themes, and finding relationships between each sub-theme on each theme. The findings suggest that  (1) technology is an essential key in the Covid-19 pandemic and a catalyst for learning that utilizes technology in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0; (2) the utilization of technology increases student engagement and makes learning possible anywhere and anytime; (3) online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic has not been running optimally; (4) barriers that arise in online learning are affected by gadgets and network conditions; (5) online learning harms the physical and mental of the student; and (6) the expectations of students in carrying out learning,  namely the reduction of the burden of tasks, explanation of return from teachers on the material, and the emergence of learning variations
PENGEMBANGAN HORTIKULTURA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT DESA PANA KECAMATAN ALLA KABUPATEN ENREKANG
Authors: Pasanda Erna , Beloan Bertha , Randa F.X. Resky , Patinggi A. G. , Pabutungan R. I. , Zeptian Zeptian
Published: December 2022

This service activity aims to increase people's income through the development of horticultural crops, especially spinach, long beans and chicory. The activity was carried out by 6 students and lecturers of the Indonesian Christian University Paulus. The program of activities was carried out in Pana Village, Alla District, Enrekang Regency. The technique of implementing service activities includes making gardens around the community's home yards including community preparation, nurseries, land preparation, planting and fertilizing plants. The results of the activities achieved include the availability of vegetables for the participants to consume and some can be sold to the nearest market
PENYUSUNAN SOP KAWASAN WISATA DUSUN SEGUNUNG, DESA CARANG WULUNG KECAMATAN WONOSALAM, KABUPATEN JOMBANG
Authors: Pristiana Ulfi , Susanti Nanis
Published: December 2022

The application of SOPs in service to the community needs to be considered between the organizational structure and the division of tasks within the government and is associated with several important things in the implementation of SOPs which include efficiency, consistency, error minimization, problem solving, protection of workers (employees), work maps and defense boundaries. Segunung Hamlet, Carangwulung Village, Wonosalam District, Jombang Regency. It is a tourism hamlet that has been running for 1.5 years and has been visited by many tourists, but in all the activities carried out it does not yet have an SOP about tourist villages in Segunung hamlet, Wonosalam, Jombang Regency.” The implementation of the service activities that have been carried out has resulted in a conclusion that the Segunung Indigenous Tourism Hamlet is a tourist area that has the opportunity to be developed, Good governance has been carried out, even though it is in improvised conditions and it is necessary to set a standard operating procedure that can be used as a standard in the development and implementation of activities for the creation of a Tourism Village that provides education to the community. Therefore, it is necessary to provide additional knowledge for the residents through increasing knowledge in each group which is divided into existing fields and sub-fields. In addition, better supporting facilities are needed, including developing infrastructure such as educational parks, bathrooms or toilets for visitors