bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Adsorption of Cu Species onto Pyrite Surface and Its Effect on Pyrite Flotation
Authors: Yang Bo , Tong Xiong , Deng Zhengbin , Lv Xiangwen
Published: January 2016

The adsorption of Cu species onto pyrite surface and its effect on flotation were investigated by using microflotation tests, first-principle calculations, and XPS surface analysis. The results indicated that the flotation of pyrite appears to be activated with CuSO4only at alkaline pH, while being depressed at acidic and neutral pH. The adsorption of copper ions on pyrite surface was pH-dependent, and the adsorption magnitude of copper ions at alkaline pH is higher than that at acidic and neutral pH due to a strong interaction between O atom in Cu(OH)2and surface Fe atom except for the interaction between Cu atom and surface S atom. At acidic and neutral pH, there is only an interaction between Cu atom and surface S atom. The adsorption was relatively weak, and more copper ions in solution precipitated the collector and depressed the flotation of pyrite. XPS analysis confirmed that more copper ionic species (Cu(I) and Cu(II)) are adsorbed on the pyrite surface at alkaline pH than that at acidic and neutral pH.
Simulating the Energy and Water Fluxes from Two Alkaline Desert Ecosystems over Central Asia
Authors: Jing Chang-Qing , Li Long-Hui
Published: January 2016

The Central Asia region is covered by vast desert ecosystems, where the characteristic of energy and water fluxes is different from other humid ecosystems. The application of land surface models (LSMs) in arid and semiarid ecosystems was largely limited. This paper presents a detailed evaluation of Common Land Model (CoLM) at two eddy covariance (EC) sites in alkaline desert ecosystems over Central Asia. Simulations of the net radiation (Rnet), latent heat flux (Qle), sensible heat flux (Qh), and soil temperature showed that refined estimate of roughness length (Z0m) significantly improved the performance of CoLM in simulating turbulent heat fluxes.Qlewas increased butQhwas decreased, which were in better agreement with the observations from EC system. The results indicated that accurate parameterization ofZ0mis of crucial importance for predicting energy and water fluxes in LSM when applied in Central Asia desert ecosystems. Sensitivity analysis regarding leaf area index (LAI),Z0m, and albedo (α) showed thatRnetis very sensitive toαbutQle,Qh, and soil temperature (Tsoil) are sensitively varying with the estimate ofZ0mat the two EC sites over Central Asia.
Is It Time to Review Guidelines for ETT Positioning in the NICU? SCEPTIC—Survey of Challenges Encountered in Placement of Endotracheal Tubes in Canadian NICUs
Authors: Sakhuja Pankaj , Finelli Michael , Hawes Judy , Whyte Hilary
Published: January 2016

Objectives. To examine current opinions and practices regarding endotracheal tube placement across several Canadian Neonatal Intensive Care Units.Design. Clinical directors from Canadian Neonatal Network affiliated NICUs and Neonatal-Perinatal Programs across Canada were invited via email to participate in and disseminate the online survey to staff neonatologists, neonatal fellows, respiratory therapists, and nurse practitioners.Result. There is wide variability in the beliefs and practices related to ETT placement. The majority use “weight +6” formula and “aim to black line” on ETT at vocal cords to estimate the depth of an oral ETT and reported estimation as challenging in ELBW infants. The majority agreed that mid-trachea is an ideal ETT tip position; however their preferred position on chest X-ray varied. Many believe that ETT positioning could be improved with more precise ETT markings.Conclusion. Further research should focus on developing more effective guidelines for ETT tip placement in the ELBW infants.
Finite Time Control for Fractional Order Nonlinear Hydroturbine Governing System via Frequency Distributed Model
Authors: Wang Bin , Yin Lin , Wang Shaojie , Miao Shirui , Du Tantan , Zuo Chao
Published: January 2016

This paper studies the application of frequency distributed model for finite time control of a fractional order nonlinear hydroturbine governing system (HGS). Firstly, the mathematical model of HGS with external random disturbances is introduced. Secondly, a novel terminal sliding surface is proposed and its stability to origin is proved based on the frequency distributed model and Lyapunov stability theory. Furthermore, based on finite time stability and sliding mode control theory, a robust control law to ensure the occurrence of the sliding motion in a finite time is designed for stabilization of the fractional order HGS. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme.
Circulating Visfatin in Hypothyroidism Is Associated with Free Thyroid Hormones and Antithyroperoxidase Antibodies
Authors: Sawicka-Gutaj Nadia , Zybek-Kocik Ariadna , Klimowicz Aleksandra , Kloska Michał , Mańkowska-Wierzbicka Dorota , Sowiński Jerzy , Ruchała Marek
Published: January 2016

We hypothesized that regulation of visfatin in hypothyroidism might be altered by coexisting chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. This is a prospective case-control study of 118 subjects. The autoimmune study group (AIT) consisted of 39 patients newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism in a course of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. The nonautoimmune study group (TT) consisted of 40 patients thyroidectomized due to the differentiated thyroid cancer staged pT1. The control group comprised 39 healthy volunteers adjusted for age, sex, and BMI with normal thyroid function and negative thyroid antibodies. Exclusion criteria consisted of other autoimmune diseases, active neoplastic disease, diabetes mellitus, and infection, which were reported to alter visfatin level. Fasting blood samples were taken for visfatin, TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), antithyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb), antithyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), glucose, and insulin levels. The highest visfatin serum concentration was in AIT group, and healthy controls had visfatin level higher than TT (p=0.0001). Simple linear regression analysis revealed that visfatin serum concentration was significantly associated with autoimmunity (β=0.1014;p=0.003), FT4 (β=0.05412;p=0.048), FT3 (β=0.05242;p=0.038), and TPOAb (β=0.0002;p=0.0025), and the relationships were further confirmed in the multivariate regression analysis.
Classical and Bayesian Approach in Estimation of Scale Parameter of Nakagami Distribution
Authors: Ahmad Kaisar , Ahmad S. P. , Ahmed A.
Published: January 2016

Nakagami distribution is considered. The classical maximum likelihood estimator has been obtained. Bayesian method of estimation is employed in order to estimate the scale parameter of Nakagami distribution by using Jeffreys’, Extension of Jeffreys’, and Quasi priors under three different loss functions. Also the simulation study is conducted in R software.
Effects of Initial Drivers and Land Use on WRF Modeling for Near-Surface Fields and Atmospheric Boundary Layer over the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Junhua , Duan Keqin
Published: January 2016

To improve the simulation performance of mesoscale models in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, two reanalysis initial datasets (NCEP FNL and ERA-Interim) and two MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) land-use datasets (from 2001 and 2010) are used in WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) modeling. The model can reproduce the variations of 2 m temperature (T2) and 2 m relative humidity (RH2), but T2 is overestimated and RH2 is underestimated in the control experiment. After using the new initial drive and land use data, the simulation precision in T2 is improved by the correction of overestimated net energy flux at surface and the RH2 is improved due to the lower T2 and larger soil moisture. Due to systematic bias in WRF modeling for wind speed, we design another experiment that includes the Jimenez subgrid-scale orography scheme, which reduces the frequency of low wind speed and increases the frequency of high wind speed and that is more consistent with the observation. Meanwhile, the new drive and land-use data lead to lower boundary layer height and influence the potential temperature and wind speed in both the lower atmosphere and the upper layer, while the impact on water vapor mixing ratio is primarily concentrated in the lower atmosphere.
A Novel Nonsense Mutation of the AGL Gene in a Romanian Patient with Glycogen Storage Disease Type IIIa
Authors: Zimmermann Anca , Rossmann Heidi , Bucerzan Simona , Grigorescu-Sido Paula
Published: January 2016

Background. Glycogen storage disease type III (GSDIII) is a rare metabolic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance, caused by deficiency of the glycogen debranching enzyme. There is a high phenotypic variability due to different mutations in theAGLgene.Methods and Results. We describe a 2.3-year-old boy from a nonconsanguineous Romanian family, who presented with severe hepatomegaly with fibrosis, mild muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy, ketotic fasting hypoglycemia, increased transaminases, creatine phosphokinase, and combined hyperlipoproteinemia. GSD type IIIa was suspected. Accordingly, genomic DNA of the index patient was analyzed by next generation sequencing of the AGL gene. For confirmation of the two mutations found, genetic analysis of the parents and grandparents was also performed. The patient was compound heterozygous for the novel mutation c.3235C>T, p.Gln1079⁎(exon 24) and the known mutation c.1589C>G, p.Ser530⁎(exon 12). c.3235 >T, p.Gln1079⁎was inherited from the father, who inherited it from his mother. c.1589C>G, p.Ser530⁎was inherited from the mother, who inherited it from her father.Conclusion. We report the first genetically confirmed case of a Romanian patient with GSDIIIa. We detected a compound heterozygous genotype with a novel mutation, in the context of a severe hepatopathy and an early onset of cardiomyopathy.
The Causes of HIV-Associated Cardiomyopathy: A Tale of Two Worlds
Authors: Lumsden Rebecca H. , Bloomfield Gerald S.
Published: January 2016

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed the clinical profile of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from an acute infection with a high mortality into a treatable, chronic disease. As a result, the clinical sequelae of HIV infection are changing as patients live longer. HIV-associated cardiomyopathy (HIVAC) is a stage IV, HIV-defining illness and remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected individuals despite ART. Causes and clinical manifestations of HIVAC depend on the degree of host immunosuppression. Myocarditis from direct HIV toxicity, opportunistic infections, and nutritional deficiencies are implicated in causing HIVAC when HIV viral replication is unchecked, whereas cardiac autoimmunity, chronic inflammation, and ART cardiotoxicity contribute to HIVAC in individuals with suppressed viral loads. The initiation of ART has dramatically changed the clinical manifestation of HIVAC in high income countries from one of severe, left ventricular systolic dysfunction to a pattern of subclinical cardiac dysfunction characterized by abnormal diastolic function and strain. In low and middle income countries, however, HIVAC is the most common HIV-associated cardiovascular disease. Clear diagnostic and treatment guidelines for HIVAC are currently lacking but should be prioritized given the global burden of HIVAC.
A Single-Point-Fed Wideband Circularly Polarized Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna
Authors: Yang Deqiang , Zou Meng , Pan Jin
Published: January 2016

A single-point-fed circularly polarized (CP) rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with wide CP bandwidth is presented. By usingTE111andTE113modes of the rectangular DRA, a wideband CP performance is achieved. The coupling slot of the antenna contains a resistor loaded monofilar-spiral-slot and four linear slots. Design concept of the proposed antenna is demonstrated by simulations, and parameter studies are carried out. Prototype of the proposed antenna was fabricated and measured. Good agreement between the simulation and measurement is obtained. The measured impedance bandwidth (|S11|<-10 dB) and 3 dB axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth are 51.4% (1.91–3.23 GHz) and 33.0% (2.15–3.00 GHz), respectively.
The Vertical Distribution of Sediment Archaeal Community in the “Black Bloom” Disturbing Zhushan Bay of Lake Taihu
Authors: Fan Xianfang , Xing Peng
Published: January 2016

Using the Illumina sequencing technology, we investigated the vertical distribution of archaeal community in the sediment of Zhushan Bay of Lake Taihu, where the black bloom frequently occurred in summer. Overall, the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group (MCG), Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vent Group 6 (DHVEG-6), andMethanobacteriumdominated the archaeal community. However, we observed significant difference in composition of archaeal community among different depths of the sediment. DHVEG-6 dominated in the surface layer (0–3 cm) sediment.Methanobacteriumwas the dominating archaeal taxa in the L2 (3–6 cm) and L3 (6–10) sediment. MCG was most abundant in the L4 (10–15 cm) and L5 (15–20 cm) sediment. Besides, DHVEG-6 was significantly affected by the concentration of total phosphorus (TP). And loss on ignition (LOI) was an important environmental factor forMethanobacterium. As the typical archaeal taxa in the surface layer sediment, DHVEG-6 andMethanobacteriummight be more adapted to abundant substrate supply from cyanobacterial blooms and take active part in the biomass transformation. We propose that DHVEG-6 andMethanobacteriumcould be the key archaeal taxa correlated with the “black bloom” formation in Zhushan Bay.
Two Simulated Annealing Optimization Schemas for Rational Bézier Curve Fitting in the Presence of Noise
Authors: Iglesias Andrés , Gálvez Akemi , Loucera Carlos
Published: January 2016

Fitting curves to noisy data points is a difficult problem arising in many scientific and industrial domains. Although polynomial functions are usually applied to this task, there are many shapes that cannot be properly fitted by using this approach. In this paper, we tackle this issue by using rational Bézier curves. This is a very difficult problem that requires computing four different sets of unknowns (data parameters, poles, weights, and the curve degree) strongly related to each other in a highly nonlinear way. This leads to a difficult continuous nonlinear optimization problem. In this paper, we propose two simulated annealing schemas (the all-in-one schema and the sequential schema) to determine the data parameterization and the weights of the poles of the fitting curve. These schemas are combined with least-squares minimization and the Bayesian Information Criterion to calculate the poles and the optimal degree of the best fitting Bézier rational curve, respectively. We apply our methods to a benchmark of three carefully chosen examples of 2D and 3D noisy data points. Our experimental results show that this methodology (particularly, the sequential schema) outperforms previous polynomial-based approaches for our data fitting problem, even in the presence of noise of low-medium intensity.
Experimental Study on the Dynamic Performance of a New High-Speed Spindle Supported by Water-Lubricated Hybrid Bearings
Authors: Wang Lin , Xu Hua
Published: January 2016

The dynamic performance of a new high-speed spindle supported by water-lubricated hybrid bearings is experimentally studied on a test rig. The present design allows the speed of the spindle up to 30,000 rpm, with a bearing internal diameter of 40 mm, which makes it possible to simulate many actual machining processes. Some experiments have been presented to study the mechanical and thermal behaviors of the spindle and its supporting hybrid bearings. The maximum temperature rise is less than 15°C with a speed of 30,000 rpm and a water supply pressure of 2.5 MPa. The spindle radial run-out of the rotational frequency is about 1 µm. Stability of the spindle system has been improved. The experimental results indicate that water-lubricated hybrid bearings are valuable choices to replace ceramic bearings and air bearings as support for spindles under high-speed, high-precision, and heavy-load machining conditions.
Adherence and Associated Factors towards Antidiabetic Medication among Type II Diabetic Patients on Follow-Up at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Abebaw Mastewal , Messele Anteneh , Hailu Mignote , Zewdu Fisseha
Published: January 2016

Background. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is rising worldwide and is more in the developing countries which unfortunately are already suffering from communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to assess adherence and associated factors towards antidiabetic medication among type II diabetic patients in University of Gondar Hospital, Diabetic Clinic, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted. Systematic sampling technique was used. Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) scores were used for labeling patients as adherent or nonadherent. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. To see the association of variables logistic regression with OR and 95% CI was done. Results. A total of 288 study participants were interviewed with response rate of 100%. The level of adherence was found to be 85.1%. Factors found to be significantly associated with antidiabetic medication adherence were level of education (AOR = 14.27, 95% CI = 3.0, 67.82), duration of diabetes (AOR = 6.10, 95% CI = 2.03, 18.34), and knowledge about DM and its medications (AOR = 28.05, 95% CI = 8.96, 87.8). Conclusions and Recommendations. Large proportion of respondents in this study were found to be adherent to their antidiabetic medications. Level of education, duration of diabetes, and knowledge about DM and its medication were significantly associated with antidiabetic medication adherence of patients. Health education including adherence counseling to create awareness towards DM and its medications is mandatory.
Modeling of Point Defects Annihilation in Multilayered Cu/Nb Composites under Irradiation
Authors: Fadda Sarah , Locci Antonio Mario , Delogu Francesco
Published: January 2016

This work focuses on a mathematical modeling of the response to irradiation of a multilayer composite material. Nonstationary balance equations are utilized to account for production, recombination, transport, and annihilation, or removal, of vacancies and interstitials at interfaces. Although the model developed has general validity, Cu/Nb multilayers are used as case study. Layer thickness, temperature, radiation intensity, and surface recombination coefficients were varied systematically to investigate their effect on point defect annihilation processes at interfaces. It is shown that point defect annihilation at interfaces mostly depends on point defect diffusion. The ability of interfaces to remove point defects can be described by a simple map constructed using only two dimensionless parameters, which provides a general tool to estimate the efficiency of vacancy and interstitial removal in multilayer composite materials.
Anti-Parkinson Activity of Petroleum Ether Extract ofFicus religiosa(L.) Leaves
Authors: Bhangale Jitendra O. , Acharya Sanjeev R.
Published: January 2016

In the present study, we evaluated anti-Parkinson’s activity of petroleum ether extract ofFicus religiosa(PEFRE) leaves in haloperidol and 6 hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced experimental animal models. In this study, effects ofFicus religiosa(100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) were studied using in vivo behavioral parameters like catalepsy, muscle rigidity, and locomotor activity and its effects on neurochemical parameters (MDA, CAT, SOD, and GSH) in rats. The experiment was designed by giving haloperidol to induce catalepsy and 6-OHDA to induce Parkinson’s disease-like symptoms. The increased cataleptic scores (induced by haloperidol) were significantly (p<0.001) found to be reduced, with the PEFRE at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg (p.o.). 6-OHDA significantly induced motor dysfunction (muscle rigidity and hypolocomotion). 6-OHDA administration showed significant increase in lipid peroxidation level and depleted superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione level. Daily administration of PEFRE (400 mg/kg) significantly improved motor performance and also significantly attenuated oxidative damage. Thus, the study proved thatFicus religiosatreatment significantly attenuated the motor defects and also protected the brain from oxidative stress.
CFD Analysis of the Primary Cooling System for the Small Modular Natural Circulation Lead Cooled Fast Reactor SNRLFR-100
Authors: Zhao Pengcheng , Shi Kangli , Li Shuzhou , Feng Jingchao , Chen Hongli
Published: January 2016

Small modular reactor (SMR) has drawn wide attention in the past decades, and Lead cooled fast reactor (LFR) is one of the most promising advanced reactors which are able to meet the safety economic goals of Gen-IV nuclear energy systems. A small modular natural circulation lead cooled fast reactor-100 MWth (SNRLFR-100) is being developed by University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). In the present work, a 3D CFD model, primary heat exchanger model, fuel pin model, and point kinetic model were established based on some reasonable simplifications and assumptions, the steady-state natural circulation characteristics of SNCLFR-100 primary cooling system were discussed and illustrated, and some reasonable suggestions were proposed for the reactor’s thermal-hydraulic and structural design. Moreover, in order to have a first evaluation of the system behavior in accident conditions, an unprotected loss of heat sink (ULOHS) transient simulation at beginning of the reactor cycle (BOC) has been analyzed and discussed based on the steady-state simulation results. The key temperatures of the reactor core are all under the safety limits at transient state; the reactor has excellent thermal-hydraulic performance.
Anaesthetic Management of a Patient with Thyrotoxicosis for Nonthyroid Surgery with Peripheral Nerve Blockade
Authors: Buget Mehmet I. , Sencan Bilge , Varansu Giray , Kucukay Suleyman
Published: January 2016

Thyrotoxicosis is a hypermetabolic condition caused by an elevation in thyroid hormone levels. The disorder has a variety of causes, manifestations, and therapies. Several clinical features of thyrotoxicosis are due to sympathetic stimulation with increased beta-adrenoreceptor upregulation and sensitization to catecholamine. Anaesthetic management of thyrotoxicosis patients using neuraxial block has been described in literature; however, to our knowledge, there are no reports of peripheral nerve block utilization. Here, we report on the anaesthetic management of a patient with thyroiditis-associated thyrotoxicosis undergoing emergency surgery via a femoral and sciatic nerve block.
DNA Hypomethylation and Histone Variant macroH2A1 Synergistically Attenuate Chemotherapy-Induced Senescence to Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression
Authors: Borghesan Michela , Fusilli Caterina , Rappa Francesca , Panebianco Concetta , Rizzo Giovanni , Oben Jude A. , Mazzoccoli Gianluigi , Faulkes Chris , Pata Illar , Agodi Antonella , Rezaee Farhad , Minogue Shane , Warren Alessandra , Peterson Abigail , Sedivy John M. , Douet Julien , Buschbeck Marcus , Cappello Francesco , Mazza Tommaso , Pazienza Valerio , Vinciguerra Manlio
Published: January 2016

Aging is a major risk factor for progression of liver diseases to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cellular senescence contributes to age-related tissue dysfunction, but the epigenetic basis underlying drug-induced senescence remains unclear. macroH2A1, a variant of histone H2A, is a marker of senescence-associated heterochromatic foci that synergizes with DNA methylation to silence tumor-suppressor genes in human fibroblasts. In this study, we investigated the relationship between macroH2A1 splice variants, macroH2A1.1 and macroH2A1.2, and liver carcinogenesis. We found that protein levels of both macroH2A1 isoforms were increased in the livers of very elderly rodents and humans, and were robust immunohistochemical markers of human cirrhosis and HCC. In response to the chemotherapeutic and DNA-demethylating agent 5-aza-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), transgenic expression of macroH2A1 isoforms in HCC cell lines prevented the emergence of a senescent-like phenotype and induced synergistic global DNA hypomethylation. Conversely, macroH2A1 depletion amplified the antiproliferative effects of 5-aza-dC in HCC cells, but failed to enhance senescence. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype and whole-transcriptome analyses implicated the p38 MAPK/IL8 pathway in mediating macroH2A1-dependent escape of HCC cells from chemotherapy-induced senescence. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed that this hepatic antisenescence state also required active transcription that could not be attributed to genomic occupancy of these histones. Collectively, our findings reveal a new mechanism by which drug-induced senescence is epigenetically regulated by macroH2A1 and DNA methylation and suggest macroH2A1 as a novel biomarker of hepatic senescence that could potentially predict prognosis and disease progression. Cancer Res; 76(3); 594–606. ©2016 AACR.
A Breakthrough: Macrophage-Directed Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Mills Charles D. , Lenz Laurel L. , Harris Robert A.
Published: January 2016

Successful immunotherapy of cancer is becoming a reality aided by the realization that macrophages play an important role in the growth or regression of tumors. Specifically, M2/repair-type macrophages predominate in human cancers and produce growth-promoting molecules that actively stimulate tumor growth in much the same way they help wounds heal. However, modulating M2/repair-type macrophages to M1/kill-type can slow or stop cancer growth. The effects involve direct activity of M1 kill-type as well as the ability of M1-type macrophages to stimulate Th1-type cytotoxic T cells and other effector cells. Macrophage responses can also predict cancer susceptibility; individuals with a high M1/kill to M2/repair ratio are less prone. That macrophages/innate immunity can be modulated to play a central role in directly or indirectly combating cancer is a breakthrough that seems likely to finally make successful immunotherapy of cancer a reality. Cancer Res; 76(3); 513–6. ©2016 AACR.
RON Nuclear Translocation under Hypoxia Potentiates Chemoresistance to DNA Double-Strand Break–Inducing Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Chang Hong-Yi , Chang Ting-Chia , Huang Wen-Ya , Lee Chung-Ta , Yen Chia-Jui , Tsai Yuh-Shyan , Tzai Tzong-Shin , Chen Shu-Hui , Chow Nan-Haw
Published: January 2016

Tumor hypoxia is associated with radioresistance, chemoresistance, and metastasis, which eventually lead to cancer progression and a poor patient prognosis. RON [also known as macrophage-stimulating protein receptor (MST1R)] belongs to the c-MET [also known as hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR)] receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) superfamily. To identify the interaction partners of RON nuclear translocation in response to hypoxia, the nuclear extract of TSGH8301 bladder cancer cells was immunoprecipitated for tandem mass profiling analysis. Nuclear RON interacted with adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent DNA helicase 2 (Ku70) and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) to activate nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair. The interaction was time dependent, extending 3 to 24 hours posthypoxia or until the components had been exposed to the chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin and epirubicin. Stable knockdown experiments in vitro suggest the importance of RON for the chemoresistance of cancer cells under hypoxia. In addition, the tyrosine kinase domain of nuclear RON is crucial for interaction with Ku70 under hypoxia. J82 cells transfected with RON showed a survival advantage in the presence of epirubicin and hypoxia. This suggests that nuclear RON activates NHEJ repair by interacting with Ku70/DNA-PKcs and inhibiting RON activity to increase cancer cell chemosensitivity. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(2); 276–86. ©2016 AACR.
Inhibition of Class I Histone Deacetylases 1 and 2 Promotes Urothelial Carcinoma Cell Death by Various Mechanisms
Authors: Pinkerneil Maria , Hoffmann Michèle J. , Deenen René , Köhrer Karl , Arent Tanja , Schulz Wolfgang A. , Niegisch Günter
Published: January 2016

Class I histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2 contribute to cell proliferation and are commonly upregulated in urothelial carcinoma. To evaluate whether specific inhibition of these enzymes might serve as an appropriate therapy for urothelial carcinoma, siRNA-mediated knockdown and specific pharmacologic inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC2 were applied in urothelial carcinoma cell lines (UCC) with distinct HDAC1 and HDAC2 expression profiles. HDACs and response marker proteins were followed by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. Effects of class I HDAC suppression on UCCs were analyzed by viability, colony forming, and caspase-3/7 assays; flow cytometry, senescence and lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assays; and immunofluorescence staining. Whereas single knockdowns of HDAC1 or HDAC2 were impeded by compensatory upregulation of the other isoenzyme, efficient double knockdown of HDAC1 and HDAC2 reduced proliferation by up to 80% and induced apoptosis-like cell death in all UCCs. Clonogenic growth was cell line– and HDAC-dependently reduced, with double knockdown of HDAC1 and HDAC2 being usually most efficient. Class I HDAC-specific inhibitors, especially the more specific HDAC1/2 inhibitors romidepsin and givinostat, significantly reduced proliferation of all UCCs (IC50, 3.36 nmol/L–4.59 μmol/L). Romidepsin and givinostat also significantly inhibited clonogenic growth of UCCs, with minor effects on nontumorigenic controls. Intriguingly, these compounds induced primarily S-phase disturbances and nonapoptotic cell death in UCCs. Thus, although both ways of inhibiting HDAC1/2 share mechanisms and efficaciously inhibit cell proliferation, their modes of action differ substantially. Regardless, combined inhibition of HDAC1/2 appears to represent a promising strategy for urothelial carcinoma therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(2); 299–312. ©2016 AACR.
The New Combination Docetaxel, Prednisone and Curcumin in Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Pilot Phase II Study
Authors: Mahammedi Hakim , Planchat Eloise , Pouget Mélanie , Durando Xavier , Curé Hervé , Guy Laurent , Van-Praagh Isabelle , Savareux Laurent , Atger Marc , Bayet-Robert Mathilde , Gadea Emilie , Abrial Catherine , Thivat Emilie , Chollet Philippe , Eymard Jean-Christophe
Published: January 2016

Objectives: Favorable phase I results justified this pilot phase II study to assess the efficacy of docetaxel/curcumin in patients with chemotherapy-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Methods: Thirty patients with progressing CRPC and a rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) received docetaxel/prednisone in standard conditions for 6 cycles in combination with per os curcumin, 6,000 mg/day (day -4 to day +2 of docetaxel). The co-primary endpoint was the overall response rate determined by PSA and target assessments. An ancillary study assessed the seric values of chromogranin A (CgA) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Results: Twenty-six patients received the scheduled treatment, 2 progressed and 2 died before the end of treatment. A PSA response was observed in 59% of patients (14% of PSA normalization) and achieved within the first three cycles for 88% of responders. Partial response was reached for 40% of evaluable patients. The regimen was well tolerated, and no adverse event was attributed to curcumin. Twenty patients were 100% curcumin compliant. The PSA level and objective response rate were not correlated with the serum values of CgA and NSE. Conclusion: This study produced additional data on curcumin as a treatment for cancer, with a high response rate, good tolerability and patient acceptability, justifying the interest to conduct a randomized trial.
The Role of Renal Progenitors in Renal Regeneration
Authors: Meyer-Schwesinger Catherine
Published: January 2016

The adult kidney has a remarkable ability to survive injury and restore function despite a limited turnover of cells under physiologic conditions. This accounts both for the tubular and to a lesser extent for the glomerular compartment. It is an ongoing debate whether renal repair is carried out by self-duplication/de-differentiation of mature resident renal cells, or by specialized renal progenitors residing in specific niches or by circulating bone marrow-derived stem cells. In this review, the existence of renal progenitor cells and their contribution for regeneration of the tubular and the glomerular compartment are discussed, highlighting landmark publications of recent years.
In Search of a Cure for Sepsis: Taming the Monster in Critical Care Medicine
Authors: Okeke Emeka B. , Uzonna Jude E.
Published: January 2016

In spite of over half a century of research, sepsis still constitutes a major problem in health care delivery. Although advances in research have significantly increased our knowledge of the pathogenesis of sepsis and resulted in better prognosis and improved survival outcome, sepsis still remains a major challenge in modern medicine with an increase in occurrence predicted and a huge socioeconomic burden. It is generally accepted that sepsis is due to an initial hyperinflammatory response. However, numerous efforts aimed at targeting the proinflammatory cytokine network have been largely unsuccessful and the search for novel potential therapeutic targets continues. Recent studies provide compelling evidence that dysregulated anti-inflammatory responses may also contribute to sepsis mortality. Our previous studies on the role of regulatory T cells and phosphoinositide 3-kinases in sepsis highlight immunological approaches that could be explored for sepsis therapy. In this article, we review the current and emerging concepts in sepsis, highlight novel potential therapeutic targets and immunological approaches for sepsis treatment and propose a biphasic treatment approach for management of the condition.
Changes in Total Lesion Glycolysis Evaluated by Repeated F-18 FDG PET/CT as Prognostic Factor in Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer Patients Treated with Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Chang Samuel , Koo Phillip J. , Kwak Jennifer J. , Kim Seong-Jang
Published: January 2016

Aims: The present study was aimed to investigate whether volumetric parameters measured by sequential F-18 fluoro-D-glucose (F-18 FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) could be used as prognostic factors in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (LAEC) who received preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Methods: A total of 61 patients with LAEC were included in the current study. All patients were evaluated by F-18 FDG PET/CT before and after 46 Gy of radiotherapy with a concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Initial, second, and percent changes (Δ, %) of semiquantitative and volumetric parameters were used to calculate recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). The median values of each parameter were used as cutoff values. The prognostic significance was assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Results: Cox proportional hazard regression analyses revealed that change in total lesion glycolysis (ΔTLG) was a potent predictor of RFS and OS. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed better prognosis in higher ΔTLG. Conclusion: Our data suggest that ΔTLG measured by sequential F-18 FDG PET/CT after preoperative CRT could provide prognostic information in LAEC patients.
Good Governance Obligations in International Economic Law: A Comparative Analysis of Trade and Investment
Authors: Mitchell Andrew D. , Sheargold Elizabeth , Voon Tania
Published: January 2016

International trade and international investment agreements typically contain provisions requiring the parties to comply with good governance principles, such as procedural fairness and transparency. These provisions are increasingly the subject of disputes before international tribunals. The scope of these obligations is often unclear, as treaty provisions usually employ broad standards rather than specific rules. For example, the requirement to accord investors ‘fair and equitable treatment’ is common in international investment agreements, while WTO agreements demand the ‘reasonable and impartial administration of measures’. This article compares approaches in international investment and trade law to three aspects of good governance: procedural fairness, transparency, and reasonable administration of measures. Despite textual differences, the standards adopted by these two regimes are remarkably similar. Consequently, decisions from these two branches of international economic law may provide States, tribunals, market participants and scholars with valuable insights into the conduct required by good governance obligations.
The Scope of the EU Treaty-Making Power on Foreign Investment: Between Wishful Thinking and Pragmatism
Authors: Hinojosa-Martínez Luis M.
Published: January 2016

Since the Treaty of Lisbon introduced ‘foreign direct investment’ into the provisions on the common commercial policy of the European Union (EU), the scope of that competence has raised a lively debate. Much less attention, however, has been paid to the rules on the free movement of capital in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, although this area is highly relevant to clarify the blurred boundaries of the EU’s competence concerning foreign investment. This article reviews arguments from the chapter on the free movement of capital and from the recent European practice and case-law to shed light on the debate about the competence on foreign investment. It also depicts the circumstances in which the Court of Justice has to deliver its Opinion on the EU competence to sign and conclude the EU-Singapore Free Trade Agreement.
A partial revision of the Australian Eulimnadia Packard, 1874 (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata: Limnadiidae)
Authors: TIMMS BRIAN V
Published: January 2016

The worldwide genus Eulimnadia previously with only five species described from Australia, is known now to have at least 15 endemic species plus about 10 undescribed species detected by molecular means. Most have variable morphological features, though each has a distinctive resting egg morphology. Many occur in the known branchiopod hot spot of the Paroo/Bulloo catchments in western New South Wales and Queensland. Some are specific to gnammas (rock holes). Given the rarity of males, androdioecious reproduction is probable in most species. Keys are provided for all known Australian species.
A new species of Leptoderma Vaillant, 1886 (Osmeriformes: Alepocephalidae) from the Pacific coast of Central America
Authors: ANGULO ARTURO , BALDWIN CAROLE C. , ROBERTSON D. ROSS
Published: January 2016

A new species of Leptoderma Vaillant, 1886 is described from a single specimen trawled at 1368–1406 m depth off El Salvador, Central America, tropical eastern Pacific. Leptoderma ospesca n. sp. can be readily distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: dermal papillae absent along the lateral line, pectoral-fin rays 6, pelvic-fin rays 5, pre-dorsal length 54.9% of SL, both dorsal and anal fins separated from the caudal fin, dorsal- and anal-fin rays long, procurrent caudal-fin rays numerous and extending far forward on caudal peduncle, caudal-fin rays 16, and total pre-ural vertebrae 60. A key to the species of the genus is presented.
Complete larval development of Thor amboinensis (De Man, 1888) Decapoda: Thoridae) described from laboratory-reared material
and identified by DNA barcoding
Authors: BARTILOTTI CÁTIA , SALABERT JOANA , SANTOS ANTONINA DOS
Published: January 2016

Of the 12 species of Thor described until present date, only three (25%) have their complete larval development known. Present work describes the complete larval development of Thor amboinensis, based on laboratory-reared material. The spent females were identified through the analysis of the partial sequences of the mitochondrial DNA barcode, also used for the reconstruction of the phylogenetic relationships within the recently resurrected and recognized family Thoridae Kingsley, 1879. Eight zoeal stages and one decapodid complete this species larval development. In the genus Thor, the number of zoeal stages varies greatly from two (T. dobkini) to eight (T. amboinensis and T. floridanus). The larvae of T. ambionensis and T. floridanus are readily distinguished from each other by the ornamentation of the ventral margin of the carapace and the pereiopods development. The first zoeal stage of T. amboinensis described by Yang & Okuno (2004) and the one described in present study are very similar. A brief discussion on the morphological characters and on the number of zoeal stages of the genus, as well as of the previous larval descriptions is made. The phylogenetic analysis suggest cryptic speciation for geographical separated populations of T. amboinensis, paraphyly of the genus Eualus, and the reassignment of E. cranchii to a different genus.
Review of the genus Eugryllacris Karny, 1937 (Orthoptera: Gryllacridinae)
from China
Authors: BIAN XUN , SHI FUMING
Published: January 2016

The Chinese species of Eugryllacris are reviewed. One new combination and six new species from China are described: Eugryllacris cylindrigera (Karny, 1926) com. nov., Eugryllacris bifoliata Bian & Shi sp. nov., Eugryllacris elongata Bian & Shi sp. nov., Eugryllacris fanjingshanensis Bian & Shi sp. nov., Eugryllacris lobulis Bian & Shi sp. nov., Eugryllacris longifissa Bian & Shi sp. nov. and Eugryllacris xiei Bian & Shi sp. nov.. A key to the species of Eugryllacris from China and a distribution map are presented. This paper is based on the material from the collection of the Museum of Hebei University.
Eusynnada, a resurrected genus of Ochyromerina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Tychiini), with description of a second species from India and Thailand
Authors: KOJIMA HIROAKI , AYRI SHALOO , RAMAMURTHY V. V.
Published: January 2016

Eusynnada is resurrected as a valid genus of Ochyromerina and includes the type species E. plaxoides Heller and a related second new species, E. canariumi sp. nov., from Andaman Island (India) and Thailand.
Hydrolutos piaroa sp.n. (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae), a new semiaquatic Lutosini species from south-western Venezuelan lowland streams
Authors: DERKA Tomáš , SVITOK MAREK , FEDOR PETER
Published: January 2016

Hydrolutos piaroa, a new species of Lutosini (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae) from Tobogán de la Selva (Puerto Ayacucho region, SW Venezuela) is described and figured. Inhabiting aquatic environment it represents an unusual orthopteran with sternal and pleural area covered by fine microtrichia, forming a plastron. This is the first known Hydrolutos species sampled in lowland streams of Venezuelan Guayana.
Adherence to a depression self-care intervention among primary care patients with chronic physical conditions: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: McCusker Jane , Cole Martin G. , Yaffe Mark , Strumpf Erin , Sewitch Maida , Sussman Tamara , Ciampi Antonio , Lavoie Kim , Belzile Eric
Published: January 2016

Objective:

Among primary care patients with chronic physical conditions and comorbid depressive symptoms, to assess (1) the effect of lay telephone coaching on adherence to a psycho-educational intervention for depression, (2) demographic characteristics that predict adherence and (3) the association between adherence and 6-month outcomes.

Design:

Single blind randomised pragmatic trial of a lay telephone-supported depression self-care intervention compared to an unsupported intervention.

Methods:

All patients received a multimedia toolkit of paper and audiovisual materials on depression that provided education on depression and on self-care for depression. Core tools included a cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)-based workbook and a mood monitoring notebook, with opportunities for written exercises and notes, and a video. Intervention group patients were additionally offered telephone coaching. Self-reported use of the materials was assessed at 3 and 6 months post-randomisation; 6-month outcomes were patient satisfaction and change from baseline in depression severity.

Results:

In all, 223 patients were randomised; 165 (74.0%) completed follow-up. Coached versus uncoached patients reported significantly greater use of the workbook, but not of other tools. Men used more audiovisual tools; women used more paper tools. Self-reported completion of written exercises and a greater number of coach contacts were associated with greater satisfaction, but not with improvement in depression.

Conclusion:

Telephone coaching can increase adherence to CBT-based tools for depression self-care; however, use of these tools may not improve depression outcomes. Many patients are capable of self-directed use of self-care educational materials. Sex differences in patterns of tool use may be helpful in the targeting of tools.
Time Sharing Between Robotics and Process Control
Authors: Wickens Christopher Dow , Gutzwiller Robert S. , Vieane Alex , Clegg Benjamin A. , Sebok Angelia , Janes Jess
Published: January 2016

Objective:

The aim of this study was to validate the strategic task overload management (STOM) model that predicts task switching when concurrence is impossible.

Background:

The STOM model predicts that in overload, tasks will be switched to, to the extent that they are attractive on task attributes of high priority, interest, and salience and low difficulty. But more-difficult tasks are less likely to be switched away from once they are being performed.

Method:

In Experiment 1, participants performed four tasks of the Multi-Attribute Task Battery and provided task-switching data to inform the role of difficulty and priority. In Experiment 2, participants concurrently performed an environmental control task and a robotic arm simulation. Workload was varied by automation of arm movement and both the phases of environmental control and existence of decision support for fault management. Attention to the two tasks was measured using a head tracker.

Results:

Experiment 1 revealed the lack of influence of task priority and confirmed the differing roles of task difficulty. In Experiment 2, the percentage attention allocation across the eight conditions was predicted by the STOM model when participants rated the four attributes. Model predictions were compared against empirical data and accounted for over 95% of variance in task allocation. More-difficult tasks were performed longer than easier tasks. Task priority does not influence allocation.

Conclusions:

The multiattribute decision model provided a good fit to the data.

Applications:

The STOM model is useful for predicting cognitive tunneling given that human-in-the-loop simulation is time-consuming and expensive.
Geometric algebra in electronics and information engineering: An introduction
Authors: Zou Lin , Lasenby Joan , Wan Qun , He Zishu , Lv Ming
Published: January 2016

To be a qualified engineer, or to pursue further studies in electronics and information engineering, undergraduate students should attempt to broaden their horizons in their professional fields. Particularly important are emerging mathematical theories or tools that produce relevant mathematical formalism for modelling the nature of physical space as simply and compactly as possible. In this article, we illustrate that geometric algebra provides just such a simplified and elegant representation or description of physical space. The basics of geometric algebra are explained and concrete examples in the plane and in 3D space are given. This article also provides two examples where geometric algebra has been found to provide an improved description of coordinate rotations and the Maxwell equations.