bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ab initio calculations of aluminium clustering on aluminium surfaces
Authors: Kuz’menko A.P. , Khokhlov N.A. , Ko Ko Lin , Than Myo Min , Petrov A.S.
Published: March 2020

Aluminium (Al) nanofilms have been extensively used as interconnection wires, electrodes, and other components in nanoelectronics. In this paper, elementary processes of Al atom clustering on aluminium substrate are considered and corresponding ab initio calculations are performed with the ABINIT package in frames of the density functional theory (DFT). Structure geometries of aluminium clusters A1N (N = 1-5) on the single crystal most packed faces (100), (110), and (111) surfaces were obtained. The calculation scheme was tested on free clusters A1N (N = 1-5), bulk aluminium and the most packed faces (100), (110), and (110) of the aluminium single crystal. The computed bond energies and lengths are in good agreement with the experimental data and results of other authors. The basic processes of the magnetron film formation by small aluminium clusters were considered. The presented results provide some preliminary data essential for a microscopic description of the aluminium nanofilm formation in the magnetron sputtering process at low-pressure argon plasma and in similar processes favoring small cluster deposition. We consider microscopic conditions that determine a primary mode of aluminium thin-film growth (layer-by-layer, island formation, or layer-plus-island). We show that small cluster deposition may be a perspective well-controlled method for production of high-quality single crystal Al nanofilms.
Characterization on the reduction of burst release via biodegradable polymers from chlorhexidine-release on coated Foley urinary catheter by chlorhexidine-loaded micelles
Authors: Srisang Siriwan , Nasongkla Norased
Published: March 2020

In this work, chlorhexidine-loaded block copolymer was fabricated into micelles (CHX-micelles) and was then coated on foley urinary catheter by dip technique. The number cycles of coating were alternated the bilayers between (CHX-micelles) and poly(acrylic acid) which presented the suitable cycles of coating at 90 bilayers. This cycle of coating presented enough CHX quantity on coated catheter but their still showed burst CHX-release in early stage at first day. Hence, poly (lactic acid), PLA and poly (ϵ-caprolactone), PCL were also used to coat on top of 90 bilayers of catheter surface to reduce the burst release. The CHX quantity was then investigated on coated catheter and were studied the CHX-release. Results showed that the coated catheters at 90 bilayers and then coated the PLA and PCL presented the reduction of burst CHX-release from 80% to 42% for PLA coating and 38% for PCL. Moreover, coating PCL nanospheres (PCL-NS) on coated of 90 bilayers (CHX-micelles/PAA) can assist to reduce the burst release of CHX and prolonged the CHX-release up to two weeks. Thus, this strategy can be reduced the burst CHX-release on coated urinary catheter at early stage and can be prolonged the CHX-release.
Effect of Chitosan Surfactant Concentration on the Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Al2O3 + CNT Hybrid Nanofluid
Authors: Tilak Abhilash K. , Patil Ranjit S.
Published: March 2020

In this paper, the effect of chitosan surfactant concentration on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of Al2O3 + CNT/water hybrid nanofluid is reported. SEM was used to characterize the nanoparticles. The hybrid nanofluid of 0.01% volume fraction was prepared with 1:1 ratio of Al2O3& CNT nanoparticles. Different concentrations of chitosan surfactant as 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and, 1.25 wt.% are employed as stabilizers. Zeta potential measurements were carried out to check the stability of prepared hybrid nanofluid. Thermal conductivity and viscosity of hybrid nanofluid were measured at a constant temperature of 25°C. Finally, the optimum concentration of surfactant using the results obtained is determined.For the most stable suspension, thermal conductivity ratio is 1.0065 and viscosity is 30.2% more than that of the base fluid.
Large-Scale Fabrication of Optically Active Plasmonic Arrays via Displacement Talbot Lithography
Authors: Balaur Eugeniu , Sadatnajafi Catherine , Abbey Brian
Published: March 2020

Periodic nanoapertures fabricated in thin metal films exhibit a range of interesting properties in the presence of electromagnetic waves including phenomena such as extraordinary optical transmission (EOT). Fundamentally, these effects are mediated by plasmons and have been shown to have a vast range of applications, including, colour filtering, chemical sensing, and as components in solar cells. In the majority of cases, the high spatial resolution required for precise fabrication of these structures is limited to direct writing techniques such as Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and Electron beam lithography (EBL), which only cover relatively small, micron-sized, areas. In this article, we describe and demonstrate the fabrication of plasmonically active devices in the visible range using Displacement Talbot Lithography (DTL). This method allows nanometre-resolution photolithography to be performed over very large areas (whole wafers) without any significant degradation in quality. We present experimental results for a range of different structures including periodic, aperiodic and hexagonal configurations in silver films.
Modified Simple Chemical Plume Tracing Algorithm
Authors: Gaurav Kumar , Singh Ramanpreet , Kumar Ajay
Published: March 2020

A simple chemical plume tracing algorithm has been modified and presented in this paper. This algorithm traces the plume based on maximum concentration of chemical/odor cues received by simulated omnidirectional gas sensors. Herein it is proposed to place the sensors in two different arrangements to facilitate the functioning of algorithm. These arrangements of sensors are namely, circular (rosette) type and rectangular, have been proposed to explore its effect on success rate of algorithm. A differential drive mobile robot has been considered around which these sensors are placed to trace the plume. Arena in which plume tracing algorithm has been implemented is a simulated environment based on time averaged Gaussian plume model. Variable wind conditions have been generated to validate the implementation of algorithm. In addition to success rate, number of steps taken to reach the source is taken as an underlying factor of performance measure.
The effect of surfactants on the properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanoweb by electrospinning
Authors: Metanawin Tanapak , Panutumrong Praripatsaya , Techno Boonsak , Metanawin Siripan
Published: March 2020

Poly(vinyl alcohol) nanowebs were prepared by electrospoinning technique. The electrospinning technique produced nanometer scale of polymer fibres. This technique used the electrostatic force draw the polymer solution from the needle tip and deposited on substrate to from nanowebs. The PVA nanowebs were prepared with various surfactant types (anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactant). The cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, polyethylene glycol sorbitanmonolaurate, polyoxyethylenesorbitanmonolaurate, sodium lauryl sulfate were employed as surfactants. The morphology of PVA nanowebs were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM micrograph shows that PVA nanowebs with all surfactants were successfully prepared with no beat. Thermal properties were measured by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the %crystalline of PVA with SLS surfactant was slightly decreased. The mechanical property of nanowebs were measured using universal testing machine. The structure of nanowebs were analyzed by x-ray diffraction technique.
To Study the Effect of Particle Size of Sand and Magnesium Powder on conversion of Sand to Nano-silicon
Authors: Singh Shweta , Ravipati Disha , Dedaniya Darshan , Fadadu Jay , Patel Jay Kumar , Patel Vikas , Dalai Sridhar
Published: March 2020

Silicon is an interesting candidate to be used as an anode material for the next generation Li-ion battery. Silicon due to its high specific capacity (mAh/g) among the known anode materials for Li-ion battery is expected to fulfill the existing demands of the market. It is also abundant and cheap. Unfortunately, significant breaking impact during lithiation procedure of lithium in continuous charge-release process that causes structural degradation, in this way losing specific capacity and contact amongst electrolyte and cathode. To overcome the results noteworthy achievements have been made in creating silicon nanosheets. Thermic reduction of SiO2 can be done by few known methods that includes carbothermal, magnesiothermic, aluminothermic, and calciothermic lessening. In this work, we have synthesized silicon nanosheets by using magnesiothermic reduction. Magneisothermic reduction of sand by furnace heating was found successful to produce silicon nanosheets at 600°C. According to results, we have observed that the silicon nanosheets have a leaf-like sheet morphology ranging from a few ten to hundred nanometer.
Modeling And Design Of Nano Scale Cmos Controller Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy For Speed Control Of Dc Shunt Motor
Authors: Sujatha K. , Godhavari T. , Shafiya Shaik , Srividhya V. , Sai krishna P.
Published: March 2020

The main aim of this work is to control the speed of the DC shunt motor by using a nano scale Complimentary Metallic oxide Field Effect Transistor (CMOS) inverter with Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy based method for optimal parameter selection. The speed of the DC shunt motor can be varied by varying armature voltage with field current constant and varying the field current with armature voltage constant. It is found that the speed is said to increase with increase in armature voltage for which the graph is a linear in case of armature controlled method. Whereas for the field control method the speed is said to increase with decrease in field current with armature voltage to be constant. The stated condition is cross verified by plotting the graphs for conventional and proposed nano scale CMOS inverter with ANFIS optimization scheme. A novel technique for modeling and devising a nano scale CMOS circuit using adaptive neuro-fuzzy network for controlling and tuning the switching characteristics of the circuit so that it is symmetric with equal values of rise time and fall time with equal output for propagation delay during low to high and high to low outputs. This control over the CMOS switching characteristics using ANFIS controller offers an effective speed control for DC shunt motors. The designed scheme for 45nm process technology is simulated using MATLAB. The results for nano scale CMOS inverter with ANFIS optimization scheme proved to be accurate with an accuracy of 97.5% to 100% which is compared with experimentation results obtained in laboratory using conventional speed control techniques like field and armature control methods.
Photocatalytic Reduction of Nickel using Synthesized nano Titanium Oxide - Acidified neem saw dust Composite from Battery waste
Authors: Surendra B. , Sai Santosh S. , Nikhil Palli , Sree Venkat M. , Thanusha Punugoti , Donepudi Anudeep , Vangalapati Meena
Published: March 2020

The heavy metals, present in the battery waste water released from industries are extremely toxic and pose a serious threat to public health. The physical adsorption methods are effective, but require an additional adsorbent regeneration step. The degradation of heavy metals in industrial effluents through chemical remediation has also gained tremendous attention due to its enormous applications. Photo catalytic degradation using renewable UV / sun light is one of the most promising techniques due to its simplicity and economy. Till date, various metallic/bimetallic oxides such as TiO2, ZnO, Fe2O3 have been tested for degradation of photo catalytic components due to their superior activity, low price. Attempts have been made to study the photo catalytic degradation of heavy metals using nano Titanium Oxide and Acidified neem saw dust (nTO/ANSD) composite as a photo catalyst.

In this present research, nTO/ANSD composite was synthesized and assessed for photo-chemical degradation of nickel in presence of UV light. It was observed that 96.4% Nickel was reduced using photo catalytic process. The X-Ray Diffraction(XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for nTO/ANSD studies were also performed. The recovery process of the nTO/ANSD composite photo catalyst is easier and reusability studies shows that the catalyst can be reused to remove the traces of heavy metals with slight reduction in efficiency.
Anti Cataract Activity Of Synthesized Silver Nano Particles From Skin Of Allium Cepa Species
Authors: Sruthi T , Koteshwara rao Ch. , Surya prakash D V , Anand kumar N , Monica nissy S , Sasikala V , Vangalapati Meena
Published: March 2020

Allium cepa (Onion) is considered as the most used vegetable in the world. The most common disease that turns chronic is the cataract disease. The occurrence of blurry vision which requires a surgery, is major ophthalmic disorder. This paper focuses on the therapeutic application of the flavonoid extract from the skin of Allium Cepa. The extraction of flavonoids from onion peel and their combination with silver particles showed the activity at its rest as nano particles. The “lipid peroxidase” test at the lab were tested against the cataract cell lines, which therefore resulted: only onion peel - 1.47 μmoles MDA / gmFW; Nano sized skin of Allium cepa - 3.25 μmoles MDA / gmFW. From the observations, Anti cataract activity of the silver nano particles from skin of Allium cepa showed better results than skin of Allium cepa. The nano particles were analyzed using SEM and XRD.
Density and Molar Volume of Bismuth Oxide Doped Lithium Lead Borate Glass System
Authors: Kolavekar Sangeeta B. , Ayachit N. H.
Published: March 2020

This work mainly focuses on the study of the density and molar volume of bismuth oxide doped lithium lead borate coded as LPBB glass system. These glasses were prepared by conventional melt quench method, in order to study their structure. Variation in the value of both density and molar volume as the mole concentration of bismuth content in lead-borate glasses was studied. Variation of density of present glasses is exactly opposite to that of molar volume with increasing mole concentration of bismuth oxide. The F.T.I.R Analysis of LPBB glasses discovered that the network structure mainly depends on the BO3 and BO4 units. Because of the role played by PbO as a glass modifier the transformation of [BO3] units to [BO4] units takes place.
A Review On Viscous Fingering Pattern Formation In Lifted Hele- Shaw Cell
Authors: Singh Akhileshwar , Singh Yogesh , Pandey Krishna Murari
Published: March 2020

Saffman–Taylor (ST) instability is also called viscous fingering (VF). It arises when the low viscous fluid is invaded into the high viscous fluid ina Hele-Shaw cell (HSC).The application of VF pattern is in oil recovery, hydrology, filtration and tissue engineering. Mainly radial HSC and lifted HSC arrangements are installed for rich variety of VF pattern formation. But In this paper, we consider theoretical and experimental works related to VF in lifted HSC. In the lifted Hele-Shaw cell (HSC), a thin film of high viscous stationary fluid is sandwiched between two circular or rectangular transparent glass plates. One of the glass plates is stationary and other plate is moved linearly to maintaining the linearity between the plates. Due to this action surrounding air (less viscous fluid) enters into the cellthrough the periphery and penetrates inside the high viscous fluid. After that, air fingers appear at the interface of fluids in the cell.
Solution-Processed Amorphous Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistor Based NAND Gate
Authors: Omprakash S S , Naveen Kumar S K
Published: March 2020

Herein, we discuss the synthesis and deposition of thin films amorphous zinc oxide (a: ZnO) by custom-designed spray pyrolysis unit for Thin Film Transistor (TFT) application towards NAND gate fabrication. Top gate top contact TFT was fabricated on a glass substrate, a: ZnO as the channel layer, PVA as gate dielectrics material and Al as electrodes. Electrical properties of a: ZnO TFT (W/L = 500/200μm) were probed. The individual transistor with a threshold voltage (Vth = 2.1 V), off and on current (Ioff = order of 10-8A; Ion = 10-3) and Ion / Ioff ratio (order of 105). The linear mobility is calculated and obtained as 3 cm-2/Vs. NAND gate is one of the universal and basic building blocks of a digital circuit. The fabricated NAND gate is subjected to the logic operation in the range of 0 to 10 V was tested. The result implies that it can be utilized for logical circuit operation.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of sintered Al 2024 hybrid MMCs
Authors: Kumaraswamy H S , Vishnu P , Bharath V , Krishna Rao T
Published: March 2020

Aluminium 2024 based Boron fibre and Graphite-based particle reinforced Metal matrix composite (MMC) has been produced by Powder metallurgy (P/M) technique. Four different MMC with composition Al 2024 with 4% and 8% wt.% Boron fiber and 1% of Graphite has been prepared. Die has been designed and fabricated with D3 die steel. ANSYS analysis is carried out to ensure safe working of the die. Optical microscope and SEM analysis was carried out to ensure the uniform distribution of particles. XRD analysis is carried to ensure the composition of the reinforcement particles. The compacting of powders has been done at 550 MPa and sintered in electric muffle furnace at 500°C for 90 minutes. Microstructure and SEM analysis is carried out to investigate the distribution of reinforcement on matrix. It has been found that the reinforcement is distributed uniformly in the matrix. Effects of content (wt. %) on the physical and mechanical properties of composites were determined by measuring the density, hardness and Compression strength values. Both theoretical and actual density has been calculated for MMCs. Also, Porosity has determined and it has been found that as the reinforcement addition increases porosity also increases Microhardness carried out for the MMCs. It has been found that addition of Boron fibre as reinforcement Microhardness increased. Compression test was also carried out and it has been concluded the addition of boron fibre has an effect on the compressive strength but addition Graphite does not contribute much to the compressive strength. The MMCs with 8% wt. Boron fibres has highest compressive strength among the prepared MMCs
Design and Analysis of Double End Drive Machine for Automation of Circular Welding Process
Authors: Chavan Mr. Govind , Satpute Dinesh , Mahajan Gokul , Bhavsar Mr. Mikhil , Bhirud Niteen , Wagh Brijeshwar
Published: March 2020

Welding is a joining process used to join materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. This is mostly done by melting the work-pieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material that cools to become a strong joint, with pressure sometimes used in association with heat, or by itself, to produce the weld. The present work deals with a live task to design Double End Drive machine a SPM for manufacturing industry. The main aim is to design a machine to automate the circular welding process with the help of automatic drive. We have designed and analyzed various components of Double End drive machine and it is found that the newly designed machine is performing its intended function with expected effectiveness and efficiency. The newly designed machine automates the process of welding thereby reducing the work fatigue, Monotonous work and complexity of the process. The paper presents the details of design and analysis of components as well as pneumatic circuit to automate the welding process.
DFMA and Sustainability Analysis in Product Design
Authors: Antony Kishore M , Arunkumar S
Published: March 2020

Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA) is a proven and established technique in product design for minimizing the number of components and time of assembly. This approach is particularly important for automotive industry where the design changes frequently happen. The ultimate aim of DFMA is to reduce the cost and maximize the profit of the company without compromising on the quality of the product. DFMA means design the component or system for the ease of manufacture and assembly. This paper deals about exemplifying the application of DFMA aspects like, re-designing parts and optimize the design to ensure reliability, safety, the minimum number of parts, less time to market and customer satisfaction. This work the emphasizes on exemplifying the implications of DFMA approach on the product design. This is accomplished through few standard case studies. In addition, the DFMA analysis of a component and its impact on environment is also performed. Improvements in the product using DFMA, can lead to significant cost savings and reducing the probability offailures.
Suitability Of Geocomposite Layer For Fly Ash Ponds
Authors: Kommu Suresh , Asadi SS.
Published: March 2020

At present main source of energy in India are thermal power plants that run on coal for energy production. An estimated total fly-ash produced as by-product from these electric plants yearly accounts to 100 million tons. Fly ash utilisation has picked up by cement factories and others but still percentage is unsatisfactory. This fly-ash is pumped into the ash pond which with time escapes into the environment at the bottom level or from surface. Thus the hazardous waste is a critical challenge to the environment and water bodies, therefore, must be managed at the earliest. Recent GCL or HDPE bottom lining layers are a suggestive solution for preventing toxic materials from seepage into the surrounding areas.
Microstructural Analysis of CaO-Fe2O3 Heat Treated at Different Temperature
Authors: Pandey Vijay Kumar. , Jatav Sunil Kumar. , Pandel U. , Duchaniya R. K.
Published: March 2020

In present paper a study has been carried out to analyze the thermophysical properties and microstructural behavior of CaO.Fe2O3.A binary eutectic sample material is taken in the ratio of 22:78 by Wt. % in mixed powder form prepared manually. The sample powder is heat-treated at 950°C, 1050°C, and 1150°C for three hour holding time in programmable furnace. Further, the characterization is done with the help of different characterization technique like DSC, XRD, TGA to analyze its thermophysical properties and microstructural changes. This studies became necessary to analyze and interpret the data collected from prototype material found from nuclear severe accident occurred in the past. As heat transfer phenomena plays the crucial role in nuclear severe accident due to high temperature gradient developed inside the reactor vessel. Hence a non-prototype material is needed to study about heat transfer phenomena and in context of this study the material CaO.Fe2O3 is being considered. This study bears the first stage to validate the given material is simulant material. In the current study, heat absorbed, phase analysis, unit cell volume, melting point, crystallite size, dislocation density, and weight loss have been reported and analyzed.
Mechanical and Tribological Performance of Polymer Composite Materials: A Review
Authors: Sharma Ravi Prakash , Kumar Mukesh
Published: March 2020

This paper reviews the effects of various reinforcements with the various thermoplastic polymer matrices. The articles contain the various thermoplastic polymers such as ABS, HDPE, LDPE, PP, PEEK, PC, PA, PI, UHMWPE and PMMA etc. The review contains the evaluation of tribological properties such as sliding wear and coefficient of friction (COF) of polymer matrix composites (PMCs). This review also evaluation of mechanical properties such as tensile strength, compressive strength, young modulus and hardness of polymer matrix composites (PMCs). The thermoplastic polymer composite used in various applications such as automotive industry, food processing machine industry, household appliance, military, structural and aerospace industry etc. The properties of thermoplastic polymer composite are varying with the fabrication techniques of composite.
Interdecadal variability of tropical cyclone genesis frequency in western North Pacific and South Pacific ocean basins
Authors: Shan Kaiyue , Yu Xiping
Published: March 2020

Variability of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis frequency in the western North Pacific and South Pacific ocean basins in the interdecadal scale is studied. It is demonstrated that the TC genesis frequency in these ocean basins experienced an abrupt decrease near the end of the 20th century. The decreased occurrence of TC genesis in the two recent decades is mainly located in the low-latitude regions at the eastern side of the two ocean basins. It is also shown that a significant part of the decreased TC genesis occurred during October to December, i.e. the post-peak season in the western North Pacific ocean basin and the pre-peak season in the South Pacific ocean basin. The interdecadal trend of variation in the TC genesis frequency in these adjacent two ocean basins seems to be mainly due to a common mechanism, i.e. the variation in the atmospheric vorticity. In contrast to the decrease in the total TC genesis, the intense typhoon occurrence frequency experienced an interdecadal increase during the same period. This trend for intense typhoons is particularly clear in the western North Pacific ocean basin. The zonal distribution of the increased number in the intense typhoon occurrence shows a similar pattern to the increased value of the sea surface temperature. It is then suggested that the variation in the intense typhoon occurrence frequency in the western North Pacific ocean basin is related to a change in the La Niña-like sea surface warming pattern.
A Direct Comparison Between Poly(vinylidene) Flouride and Polysulfone Flat Sheet Membrane; Characterization and Mechanical Strength
Authors: Febriasari A. , Purnawan I. , Chalid M. , Ismojo I. , Kartohardjono S.
Published: March 2020

Selecting a proper material is the first key step for determining suitable membrane application. Hence, the comparison of membrane properties is urgently required to be conducted. This work aimed to compare two common materials of polymer flat sheet membranes, i.e poly(vinylidene) fluoride (PVDF) and polysulfone (PSf), from preparation to characterization. Phase inversion method was applied for both materials using different solvent. PVDF was dissolved in N, N, dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) whereas PSf was dissolved in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) with the same composition ratio of polymer and solvent. The properties of membranes were investigated by FTIR, FE-SEM, water contact angle, and Universal pull machine. FE-SEM result indicates that PSf membrane has larger pores than PVDF membrane. Meanwhile, water contact angle analysis describes that PVDF membrane is more hydrophilic than PSf membrane.
Analysis of enzymatic extraction of saponin by experiment design methodology
Authors: Chen I-C , Fidela  , Chen M-T , Chung T-W
Published: March 2020

Sapindus mukorossi (soapberry) is widely distributed in Taiwan, India, China and Japan. Its fruit contain saponin, which consist of two main part, the aglycone (sapogenin) and the polysaccharides (sugar moiety) which connected through glyosidic linkage. It has many pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, etc. Thus, this plant become one of high added value bioresources for pharmaceutical field. There are many methods to extract saponin. In this experiment, enzyme extraction is used to extract the saponin that known as high efficiency and specify method. Then, we analyzed its by-product, total polysaccharides content and its antioxidant properties through total polyphenol content. With Response Surface Methodology (RSM), we obtained the optimum condition for the best total saponin, total polysaccharides content, and total polyphenol content. Based on RSM analyses, with solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, extraction time of 3 hours, and enzyme concentration of 0.55%, we obtained the total saponin is 115.794 mg/mL, the total polysaccharides is 155.3 mg/mL and total polyphenol content is 1.309 mg/ml.
Laboratory evaluation of curing period for stabilized expansive soil by a new paper/timber industry waste based cementing material
Authors: Ijaz Nauman , Dai Fuchu , Rehman Zia ur , Ijaz Zain , Zahid Muhammad
Published: March 2020

In order to minimize the geological disaster triggered by expansive soil, and promote environmentally sustainable utilization of industrial-waste, a new composite cementing material was proposed for the expansive soil stabilization based on paper/timber industry waste. In this article, laboratory evaluation is conducted to establish the effect of curing-period for the stabilized expansive soil with newly proposed composite cementing admixture (CCA) and compared it with lignosulphonate (LS) alone, in perspective of various engineering properties, i.e., volume change behaviour, hydraulic-conductivity and strength parameters. Results showed that the curing-period has a notable impact on the performance of CCA. For the soil stabilized with CCA, swelling potential was completely eradicated after seven days of curing; whereas, the strength parameters exhibited improvement till twenty-eight day of curing with some variation in hydraulic-conductivity. Conversely, LS treated expansive soil remained prone to potential swelling after seven days of curing. Further, LS exhibited an insignificant amelioration of hydraulic-conductivity and strength parameters with the curing-period. Based on the test results, it is concluded that the CCA stabilization method is far superior than LS stabilization. Moreover, based on laboratory evaluation, twenty-eight days of time is recognized as the optimum curing-period for CCA treated soil to achieve better engineering properties.
Development of Shape Memory Natural Rubber through prevulcanisation method
Authors: Yu Yang Kow , Ai Bao Chai , Hou Ho Jee
Published: March 2020

This article propose a simple method to develop shape memory natural rubber (SMNR) by crosslinking natural rubber latex with fatty acid soap using the prevulcanisation method. By mixing the chemical compounds in the dispersion form, it shorten the fabrication process by reducing the maturation duration. The effect of various crosslink density and fatty acid soap on the SMNR were investigated. To analyse the shape memory behaviours, four types of prevulcanised SMNRs: low crosslink palmitic acid SMNR, high crosslink palmitic acid SMNR, low crosslink stearic acid SMNR and low crosslink pure SMNR were prepared and tested in the strain control mode test under various programming and recovery temperature range. It was found that high crosslink density SMNR exhibit poor shape fixity but possesses shape recovery which is similar to the low crosslink density specimens. It is because crosslink density constrains the growth of strain-induced crystalization during shape programming process. Besides that, the trigger temperature of fatty acid pre-vulcanised SMNR have increased up to their melting temperature of fatty acid. Compared with the shape memory parameters under different temperatures, shape memory effect is highly relying on the temperature of programming process and recovery process.
The Effect of Palmitic Acid Loadings on the Shape Memory Cycle of Shape Memory Natural Rubber
Authors: Yu Yang Kow , Ai Bao Chai , Hou Ho Jee
Published: March 2020

This article investigates the effect of palmitic acid loadings on the shape memory cycle testing of shape memory natural rubber (SMNR) fabricated via prevulcanisation method. By incorporating the palmitic acid, the strain-induce crystal (SIC) formation between the SMNR molecules possess the ability of demonstating the shape memory effect (SME) above the room tempeature. To analyse the SIC formation on prevulcanised SMNR, the shape memory cycling tests were investigated as a function of palmatic acid loadings under strain control mode. From the observation of TGA results, various palmitic acid contents of SMNR were fabricated under prevulcanisation method but the palmitic acid loading is different from the palmitic acid amount used in the mixing process. Furthermore, it was also found that shape fixity of the SMNR developed can be improved by increasing the palmitic acid loadings but the shape fixity results starts to decline with increasing number of shape memory cycle due to the bleeding of palmatic acid. It indicates that the palmitic acid content has signficant influence on the SIC formation. On the other hand,the specimens still remain the elastic property which reform back to orginal length upon recovery process even after repeatative shape memory test. It is believed that the material properties of SMNR still were dominated by the natural rubber network during the recovery process.
Review of industry 4.0 with focus on products
Authors: Fotouhi N , Sorooshian S
Published: March 2020

The primary aim of this article is to review industrial revolutions. It reveals that the industry 4.0 interconnected with product designs. This article, by reviewing the existing online information, explains that with the help of industrial revolution, worthy product can be designed and produced. Nowadays, in industry 4.0, people should get design and quality conscious for products. Industry 4.0 will provide better flexibility in product manufacturing and designing with higher quality, lower cost, and/or higher speed. Furthermore, as discussed in this paper, attractions of industry 4.0 are considerable for industrialists. This article will provide a deeper understanding of Industry 4.0 for practitioners and researchers.
Current Situation of Water pollution in Vietnam and Some Recommendations
Authors: Tan Hoi Huynh
Published: March 2020

The problem of environmental pollution not only directly affects the health and life of people but also affects the offspring and offspring. Over the years, the legal system of environmental protection and environmental management system has been increasingly strengthened, but many aspects still have not met the requirements of reality. Environmental pollution in general and water pollution in particular are becoming more and more serious. The paper addresses the current situation of water pollution in Vietnam based on relevant journal documents. A number of solutions have also been proposed to contribute to making our earth a more livable place.
The strain energy development on subsoil-embankment because of seismic wave direction
Authors: Namdar Abdoullah
Published: March 2020

The strain energy is associated with seismic embankment resistance and it needs more examine for understanding types of embankment collapse owing to the morphology of nonlinear deformation occurrence on the subsoil-embankment because of the applied seismic wave at different directions. In this study, a numerical simulation was performed to assess the strain energy function on subsoil-embankment because of the seismic wave in different directions. The seismic wave of three directions separately numerically was applied on the embankment-subsoil model and the strain energy development at each model was compared. This type of embankment seismic design has not been described in the literature by means of ABAQUS, for assessing the embankment seismic failure mechanism. The results reveal that the strain energy morphology associated with the direction of the seismic wave controls the failure mechanism of the subsoil-embankment. The direction seismic wave could be produced strain energy up to 10%, and this strain energy causes the morphology of nonlinear deformation of the model. The founding of this simulation is supportive in understanding a relationship between strain and seismic wave types of embankment collapse.
Magnetic Field Finite Element Analysis of a Novel Diverging Stepped Magnetic Fluid Seal
Authors: Sun Peng , Yang Xiaolong , Hao Fuxiang
Published: March 2020

In order to improve the anti pressure capability of magnetic fluid seal under the large gap condition, a novel diverging stepped magnetic fluid seal was designed and set the pole teeth on the stepped shaft. The magnetic field distribution in the gap of diverging stepped magnetic fluid seal were numerical simulations by the finite element method of magnetic field. The effects of axial pole teeth number, radial pole number, radial sealing gap height and axial sealing gap on the anti pressure capability of a novel diverging stepped magnetic fluid seal were studied. The results show that the anti pressure capabilities of magnetic fluid seal increase with the increase of axial pole teeth numbers. The anti pressure capabilities of magnetic fluid seal firstly decrease and then increase with the increase of radial pole teeth numbers. The anti pressure capability of magnetic fluid seal firstly decreases and then increase with the increase of radial sealing gap height. The anti pressure capabilities of magnetic fluid seal decrease with the increase of axial sealing gap width.
Finite Element Analysis and Ultrasonic Evaluation of Stresses in Q345 Plates
Authors: Zhu Yuhong , Tan Jidong , Song Cheng
Published: March 2020

This paper investigates and demonstrates the nondestructive capability of ultrasonic waves and magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) in stress evaluation of Q345 plates. A 10mm thick Q345 specimen was subject to a concentrated load by a stressing jack, known as three-point bending test. A finite element model of Q345 plate was established to verify the experimental results. The stresses have been measured by three nondestructive evaluation methods including ultrasonic techniques, magnetic Barkhausen noise method and strain gauge method. This paper gives the details of development of ultrasonic longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) wave based technique for stress measurement. The results show great agreement between finite element and three stress measurements which are accomplished nondestructively.
Super-Resolution Reconstruction of Single Image based on Multiscale Recursive Residual Network
Authors: Dong Mi , Huang Jian
Published: March 2020

In order to solve the problems of single image super-resolution algorithm based on convolutional neural network, such as shallow network structure, single feature extraction scale and fuzzy texture of reconstructed image, a single image super-resolution reconstruction method based on multi-scale convolutional neural network is proposed. The convolution of several different scales is used to check the original low-resolution image for feature detail extraction, and the recurrent residual network is used to gradually restore the high-frequency information of the image with fewer parameters. Finally, the final reconstructed image is obtained by fusion of the features extracted by different convolutional kernels. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has obtained better image super-resolution result, can obtain more detailed information, and get better visual effect. The classical reconstruction methods such as bicubic, SRCNN, FSRCNN, ESPCN, VDSR are compared, and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the structure similarity (SSIM) are higher than that of the existing algorithms.
Bus-Protection Device-Tank-type Vehicle System Collision Research
Authors: Zhang Guosheng , Zheng Haiyang , Chen Ye , Liu Hongli
Published: March 2020

Aiming at the problem of insufficient protective performance of the rear protection device, a new type of rear protection device with high protective performance is proposed and designed. A new type of tank-type vehicle rear protection device is used to establish the collision environment of bus- protection devices- tank-type vehicle system collision, and the dynamic response characteristics of the collision system were simulated and analyzed. The safety of the rear protection device was analyzed and evaluated by the real bus impacting tank-type vehicle, and compared with the simulation results. The research result shows that the protective performance of the square tube protection device is effective.
Research on Energy Absorption Characteristics of Protective Devices with Different Wall Thickness Structures
Authors: Zhang Guosheng , Wang Chunhui , Chen Ye , Du Linsen
Published: March 2020

As square tube type protective device as the object, selected on the basis of the results of the simulation test, design the crossbar and arm structure plan of the six groups of different wall thickness. Through bus rear-ended dangerous goods transport vehicle simulation test way, analyzes the deformation and energy absorption about the bus and six groups of protective device which has different wall thickness. Research results show that the main energy absorption part of square tube type protective device is the arm structure. The optimal design scheme is when the wall thickness of the arm is 4 mm and the wall thickness of the crossbar is 3 mm.
Simulation calculation of the effects of seal face width on mechanical seal performance
Authors: Wei Long , Fang Guifang , Zhang Penggao
Published: March 2020

In order to research and master the effects of seal face width on mechanical seal performance, based on the fractal models of average temperature, friction coefficient and leakage rate of seal faces, the influencing factors of seal face width on mechanical seal performance were analyzed by simulation calculation. The calculation results show that the average temperature of seal faces increased approximately linearly, the friction coefficient and leakage rate of seal faces decreased with the increasing seal face width. The decrease amplitudes of friction coefficient and leakage rate became smaller with the increasing seal face width. The effect degrees of seal face width on friction coefficient and leakage rate increased with the increasing sealed fluid pressure. The change of seal face width has little effect on leakage rate when the sealed fluid pressure was low.
Virtual Sample analysis of concomitance fork’s stability and passing capacity
Authors: Yue Jing-Tao , Tang Li
Published: March 2020

Based on such factors as positioning parameters, quality characteristics, stiffness and damping of suspension, steering train, drive train and tire, a multiple-body dynamics model of 14 DOF for one accompanying forklift is established with the 3D models and ADAMS software. In view of the driving environments of classified highways and fourth-class roads, four parameters including the speed, tilt stabilization angle, vertical tilt stability angle and channel width of the accompanying forklift are calculated, and high-speed driving stability and channel pass ability are analyzed and predicted during the design stage. The analysis results are useful for the design optimization of the traction rod and can provide a theoretical basis for the development of similar products.
Research on Classification Method of Vehicle Body Surface Defects Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Wang Xing , Wu Mingming , Zhou Jinxia , Wang Jianguo
Published: March 2020

In order to classify the surface defects of the vehicle body, a classification method based on BP (back propagation) neural network is proposed. According to the characteristics of vehicle body defects, the gray, morphological and geometric features of various defects were extracted, and the defect feature database was established. The defect classifier was designed by using improved BP neural network algorithm. The experimental results show that the method is very feasible and effective in the identification of vehicle body defects.
Thermohydrodynamic performance of water-lubricated thrust bearing of mine high speed rescue pump
Authors: Bai Yuxing , Pan Bo , Shen Yong
Published: March 2020

In order to meet the requirement of axial force balance of mine rescue pump with high speed and big power, the capacity and reliability of water-lubricated thrust bearing of the pump unit should be improved. This paper presented a study on the capacity of water film and bearing bush deformation of water-lubricated thrust bearing based on the change of temperature in the motor chamber, which is under the actual operation condition of mine high speed rescue pump. In this study, the Reynolds equation was solved by MATLAB to get the thickness of water film, and the deformation of bearing bush was obtained through the joint solution of heat-fluid-solid coupling equation by ANSYS. The results show that the temperatures have little effect on the pressure distribution of water film and the deformation distribution of bearing bush. However, the maximum pressure of water film increases with the temperature. The research of the paper could provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the design of water-lubricated thrust bearings under big power and high speed conditions in the future.
Design of spraying robot end actuator and experimental study on motion trajectory simulation
Authors: Zhang Chen , Xu Xuewu , Wang Guoping , Men Jing
Published: March 2020

This paper aims to design the end actuator of the spraying robot for the six-axis industrial robot with the GSK RB08 as an example, and carry out the planning and simulation of the end trajectory of the painting robot, and verify its effectiveness and feasibility. Firstly, based on the end size and technical parameters of the GSK RB08 robot flange, the structure of the end actuator is designed in combination with the spray gun installation size. Secondly, based on the NURBS interpolation algorithm, the industrial robot spray path is planned by UG and imported into RobotAssist for 3D simulation; Finally, the end actuator is physically installed and debugged. The planning path is imported into the GSK RB08 robot to demonstrate the effectiveness of the end actuator and the planned spray path, providing a solution for the optimization of the spray path.
Research on Four Stroke Diesel Engine Starting Unload Mechanism
Authors: Hu Yongwen , Zhang Ying
Published: March 2020

In this article, we analysised the principles of starting air system, designed a starting air unload system, installed and tested on a diesel engine. The test result shows that, after applying this system, the starting air pressure is reduced sharply. Air consumption for each start cycle is also reduced
FANUC CNC vertical machining center “EX1016 - Low Air Pressure” fault diagnosis
Authors: Ai Cunjin , Cao Chuanchuan , Li Wen jiang , Yang Dakui
Published: March 2020

In this paper, the “EX1016 - low air pressure” alarm that occurs in the VDF-850 vertical machining center (FANUC-0i-Mate-MD system) produced by Dalian Dalian Machine Tool Factory causes the machine to fail to start the cycle as an example, and describes the generation of air pressure. Low working principle, troubleshooting method, modification of PMC ladder diagram, etc., and timely troubleshooting, to ensure normal teaching and production.
Corrosion resistance of optical diamond-like carbon film
Authors: Wang Shuyun , Liu Xu , Liu Yi , Zhang Weixin , Lu Yimin
Published: March 2020

KrF laser and Ti:Sapphire femto-second laser were used to deposit diamond-like carbon(DLC) films on silicon substrates which were double polished. Optical transmittance and corrosion resistance of these samples were compared. The transmittance of DLC film sample which was deposited by Ti:Sapphire laser in oxygen atmosphere was higher than the sample which was deposited by KrF laser in vacuum. Both samples could pass the salt solubility test and salt fog test. But when dipped in NaOH liquor, the result showed that surface of the sample deposited by Ti:Sapphire laser in oxygen atmosphere appeared corrosive spots first. Reasons were analyzed according to corrosive mechanism.