bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compactor storage for the fossil marine reptile collections at the Natural History Museum
Authors: Stevens L. , Chapman S. , Hughes C.
Published: August 2022

Moving museum collections never seems to happen in the same way twice. The differences in specimen types, scale, distance, timescale, funding, staff resource, governance and scope seem to render lessons learned from previous moves almost pointless. Surely there must be a finite number of things that can go wrong, things to bear in mind and things never to do again? This report details our experiences in the hope that one day someone will conduct a specimen move in which all goes to plan.
Large reptiles, localised solutions: investigating alternative delivery systems for the treatment of oversized pyritic specimens
Authors: Petrera Lucia , Allington-Jones Lu , Miles Kieran
Published: August 2022

Ethanolamine thioglycolate and sepiolite paste is a traditional method for localised treatment of pyrite oxidation products, but there are drawbacks to the technique. The paste can be difficult to apply, especially on non-horizontal surfaces, and is occasionally ineffective. This article documents trials of solvent gel delivery systems and proposes Laponite RD (a synthetic colloidal clay) as an effective alternative.
The benefits of regional collection-based undergraduate projects: an example from Nottingham
Authors: Smith A. S. , Owen F. J. , Strickson E. C. , Horne J. R. E. , Wiggins Z. C.
Published: August 2022

Hands-on access to natural history museum collections is often limited for undergraduates. An ongoing collaboration between staff at the Nottingham Natural History Museum, Wollaton Hall, and staff and students at the School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, was established in 2013 to allow final year undergraduate students to undertake collections-based research projects. A successful pilot project conducted on dinosaur fossils in 2013-14 led to subsequent projects based on the geological collections. The projects provide mutual benefits to students, university staff, and museum curators and their collections. In particular, students benefit from hands-on practical learning engagement with collections, university staff benefit from using the collection as a teaching resource, and the museum collections benefit from increased usage and identification or reidentification of specimens. Overall, the only notable cost is the time commitment required to develop and facilitate projects, however, this investment is richly rewarded by numerous positive outcomes.
The long walk from the Carboniferous: mysterious fossil tracks are rediscovered after 87 years
Authors: Mehling Carl M. , Buta Ronald J.
Published: August 2022

An unmarked crate stored for many years in the American Museum of Natural History's Division of Paleontology was opened in 2005 and found to contain large slabs of small (one- to a few-centimetre-sized) fossil tetrapod footprints that were clearly geologically very old. The lack of data on or in the crate left the contained specimens orphaned and mysterious and nothing was definitively gleaned about their age, provenance or history for over a dozen years. But when a new book on an extraordinary assemblage of Carboniferous trackways in Alabama was published in 2016, it was found to contain a few sentences that gave clues to the origin of the specimens and soon illuminated the hidden story. Not only had the tracks been amassed by George Gaylord Simpson, one of the foremost vertebrate paleontologists of the 20th Century, many are exquisitely preserved and quite important scientifically. The story of their rediscovery and ongoing interpretation is an intriguing mix of luck, revelations and probing of both the geologic and paper records.
Rocking the boat: geological collections and social change
Authors: Hide Liz
Published: August 2022

As experts in geological collections, we know well the important role our collections can play in engaging a wide range of people with geoscience themes, including understanding the natural environment, evidencing climate change and encouraging young people to consider STEM careers. In the context of increasing social inequality, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, we should also consider how our geological collections can address social challenges such as inequality and low social mobility. By developing a good understanding of our audiences and carefully targeting our activities and resources, we can use our public engagement work to contribute to outcomes directly relating to specific audience needs. Using examples from the work of the Sedgwick Museum and the University of Cambridge Museums, I demonstrate how a strategic approach can better align with wider social priorities and strengthen advocacy for our collections. This paper was originally given as a presentation at the Geological Curators Group AGM in November 2020.
21st Century Rex: maximising access to a privately owned Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton in the digital age
Authors: Larkin Nigel R.
Published: August 2022

A ~60-70% complete Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton known as Stan recently sold for 31.8 million US dollars to an unknown buyer (announced in March 2022 as the Natural History Museum Abu Dhabi), pushing up the price of all such skeletons way beyond the budget of most museums. Wealthy private individuals who purchase expensive fossil specimens sometimes put them on public display but leave them in an intellectual limbo, unable to be studied and published. However, a partial T. rex skeleton known as Titus was excavated in Montana in 2018, shipped to the UK in 2020, and had casts of Stan's bones added to complete the skeleton during mounting. It was loaned to the Nottingham Natural History Museum, Wollaton Hall, as the centrepiece to a temporary exhibition called Titus: T. rex is King. This was the first time a mounted T. rex skeleton containing fossil bones had been on display in England for many decades. Importantly, before the mounting process began, all the real bones were 3D scanned in detail using photogrammetry. The resulting digital 3D models were sent to palaeontologists in America who studied them and produced a paper describing the palaeopathology before the mounting process was even complete. Replicas of all the identifiable bones were 3D printed for display in the exhibition and were accessioned into the museum collections, along with the 3D digital models and all associated data. This ensured that physical as well as digital replicas of the bones would remain accessible, and in theory publishable, forevermore.
Preserving the Nieuwdonk collection, a hidden Pleistocene mammal assemblage from the Flemish Valley (Berlare - Belgium)
Authors: Hellemond Anthonie , Van Hauwermeiren Shana , Nolis Kevin , De Bock François , Van Uytfanghe Sven
Published: August 2022

In the midst of the coronavirus pandemic, the municipality of Berlare (East Flanders, Belgium) acquired an important collection of Late-Pleistocene remains from the former Nieuwdonk quarry (near Uitbergen and Overmere, province of East Flanders). This previously private collection comprises a diverse assemblage of Pleistocene mammals from the Flemish valley and covers an important part of Belgium's Quaternary fossil record, offering a window into the regional biodiversity of the last Ice Age and Interglacials (ca. 10 Ka - 126 Ka). Within the collection, various remains (318 specimens) of roughly 20 different taxa are represented, as well as reworked Tertiary ichnofossils and Stone Age artefacts, including a bone tool. Although sampling bias occurred during collecting in the 1970s, it still counts as one of the most complete Pleistocene collections from this classic location within the Scheldt basin and Unesco Global Geopark (Schelde Delta). As a result of years of poor storage conditions, almost all of the specimens suffered from desiccation and pyrite decay. A restoration project was set up during the coronavirus pandemic with restrictions imposed by the Belgian government on daily activities. In this article, we focus on the lessons we learned from both the restoration and inventorisation project during the pandemic, as well as the challenges faced in transitioning a former private collection into a public one.
The Dendermonde Mammoth: fighting pyrite decay and the preservation of unique paleontological heritage
Authors: Hellemond Anthonie
Published: August 2022

The Dendermonde mammoth is a unique skeleton of a woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) which was found between 1968-1969, in the area around the city of Dendermonde (Oost-Vlaanderen - Belgium). This 29,000 year old skeleton was mounted in 1975 by its finder Hugo De Potter in the attic of the 'Vleeshuismuseum'. The skeleton consists of ca. 74 original elements. Some of these elements originate from the Hofstade collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels (RBINS). Since 1990 the skeleton has not been chemically treated and no monitoring of temperature or relative humidity took place. As a result of years of exposure and lack of any treatment, the bones of the Dendermonde mammoth were covered with a thick layer of dust and affected by pyrite decay. The skeleton was showing several visual outbursts of pyrite blooming out of the fossilised cartilage as well as numerous desiccation cracks. By the end of March 2017 the Belgian Paleontological Association (BVP), the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS) and the city museum of Dendermonde (Stedelijk museum Dendermonde) decided to restore the skeleton in order to preserve an important piece of Belgian paleontological heritage.
Is Neck Circumference A Better Measure for Determining Obesity? A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study to Assess Its Validity in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patient
Authors: Sankar Gowthaman , A Meriton Stanly , Katam Indraja , Raja Arun
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Several anthropometric measurements like Body mass index (BMI), skin fold thickness, Waist circumference (WC), waist-height ratio (WHtR), and Waist hip ratio (WHR) are available for diagnosing obesity at the population level. But each of them has its disadvantage as well. Neck circumference, which has been the recent anthropometric tool of interest can be used as an alternative to these measurements.
Objective: To determine the validity of neck circumference as an anthropometric parameter of obesity and to estimate the cut-off points for obesity in type II diabetes mellitus patients.
Material & Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was done among 141 Type II diabetes patients attending rural and urban health training center Non-communicable disease clinic of Sri Ramachandra Institute of higher education and research, Chennai. After obtaining informed consent, their anthropometric measurements like NC, BMI, WC, HC, and WHR was measured.
Results:  Neck circumference ≥36.5cm in males and ≥33.2cm in females is conceivably the perfect cut-off point for diagnosing overweight/Obesity in Type II diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion: This analytical study deduced that NC is a valid anthropometric measurement for diagnosing obesity among Type II diabetes mellitus with plausible sensitivity and specificity.
Determinants Of Maternal Mortality: An Empirical Study of Indian States Based on The Random Effect Model Analysis
Authors: Patterkadavan Fasalurahman P K , Syed Hasan Qayed
Published: August 2022

Background: Healthcare for mothers and children is a significant indicator of a country's well-being. India is one of the nations that were experiencing a rather slow improvement in maternal and child health.
Aims: The objective of this study is to analyse the changes in maternal healthcare in India from 2010-11 in health inputs like health infrastructure and government expenditure, health outcomes like antenatal care, postnatal care, institutional delivery, and health impact like Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR).
Methodology: The study is based on secondary data. It employs Average Increasing Rate (AIR) and Average Reduction Rate (ARR), as well as a panel data random effect model, on key health indicators for Indian states.
Results: Empirical results say MMR has a statistically significant inverse relationship with female literacy, Per capita Net State Domestic Product (PNSDP), and institutional delivery. The study concludes that after the introduction of NRHM and its constituent elements like JSY and JSSK, government expenditure on health, infrastructure, the percentage of antenatal care, post-natal care, and institutional delivery increased in most of the Indian states, thus helping to increase the pace of the reduction of MMR. However, state performance varies greatly.
Conclusions: Policy alone will not provide the desired results; it is also critical to focus on education, particularly female literacy, and economic empowerment. We can make a difference in the health sector if these come together.
Teachers’ Display and Referential Questions in Speaking Class: A Descriptive Study at UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh
Authors: Ayouni Nour
Published: August 2022

Teachers’ questions play vipotal role in facilitating language learning by which the teachers often ask students to practice vocabulary, grammatical rules, or some expressions in the target language. Hence, this paper addresses types of questions explored by English lecturers in teaching speaking to English department students of UIN Ar-raniry Banda Aceh and investigate the most common type ocuured during the lesson. The data was collected through a recorded teaching session of Speaking class which then transcribed and analyzed by using Mile’s and Huberman’s (1992) model of data analysis consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The analysis revealed that the lecturer employed both display and refential questions to invite students’ speaking and engagement in the classroom. Further, referential questions is the the most frequent type of questions that occured in the classroom during the teaching and learning process. This study suggests that more referential questions can be maximized in language class to promote students’ speaking proficeincy and active learning.
Hvordan arbeide med elevmangfold?
Authors: Bruin Marieke , Haug Peder , Jahnsen Hanne , Johannessen Øystein Lund , Nergaard Svein Erik , Rosnes Ellen Vea , Roth Solveig Iren , Sikveland Marita , Tveitnes Marianne Sandvik
Published: August 2022

Hvordan kan man skape en bedre skole for en mangfoldig elevgruppe? Denne boka bidrar med flerfaglige perspektiver på dette spørsmålet. Bokas utgangspunkt er at elevmangfoldet, som gjør seg gjeldene i alle fag og på tvers av fag i skolehverdagen, er både en realitet, en ressurs og en utfordring. De ulike kapitlene i boka bidrar til å forstå konsekvensene av elevmangfold, samt utfordringene mangfoldet reiser. Boka gir eksempler på måter å arbeide med elevmangfold på, og kapitlene omfatter både teoretiske og empiriske aspekter ved mangfold og inkludering i utdanningsfeltet.  
De som arbeider i skolen, de som utdanner lærere og de som forsker på skolen har en felles oppgave i å bidra til at den mangfoldige elevgruppen kan få en bedre skole. For å lykkes med det, trenger vi forskningsbasert kunnskap. Hvordan arbeide med elevmangfold? vil derfor være nyttig for praktikere, lærerstudenter, lærerutdannere og forskere. 
Bidragsyterne i boka er alle medlemmer av det tverrfaglige programområdet «Mangfold inkludering og utdanning» og knyttet til UNESCO Chair ved Fakultet for utdanningsvitenskap og humaniora ved Universitetet i Stavanger, i samarbeid med VID vitenskapelige høgskole i Stavanger. I tillegg bidrar Peder Haug, professor emeritus ved Høgskulen i Volda, med et oppsummerende kapittel der ulike perspektiver på inkludering belyses og knyttes sammen med mangfold.
Uji Pembakaran Biobriket Tongkol Jagung dan Sekam Padi Menggunakan Perekat Sagu
Authors: Suratin Dedi Mardeni , Barata La Ode Ahmad , Aminur Aminur
Published: August 2022

The main source of energy for humans is Human Resources which comes from carbon fossils. This energy has been deficient so it needs to be energy differentified. Biobriquettes are charcoal bars using soft materials that are processed into hard charcoal materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of a good mixture (not easily destroyed) based on the compressive strength of the Corn Cob and Rice Husk biobrikets and to determine the flame temperature of the Corn Cob biobriket and Rice Husk. The method carried out in this study is the analysis of the flame temperature and compressive strength contained in the briquettes. The analysis carried out in this study was carried out with 5 variations in composition, namely ( corn cobs 25% : rice husks 75% : sago 15%, corn cobs 75% : rice husks 25% : sago 15%, corn cobs 50% : rice husks 50% : sago 15%, corn cobs 100% : rice husks 0% : sago 15%, and corn cobs 0% : rice husks 100% : sago 15%). From the results that have been obtained, briquettes that have good quality are found in corn cobs 25%: Rice husks 75%: sago 15% with a temperature value of 500 °C and a maximum load strength value of 159,060 with a compressive strength value of 1.0404624 N / mm2.Keywords: Corn cobs, rice husks, and flame temperature
Investigation the angulation of maxillary impacted canines by using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Laçin Nihat , Yalçın Mustafa
Published: August 2022

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the angulation and localization of unilaterally impacted canines by using CBCT.
Methodology: Seventy-two images were included in the study based on the inclusion criteria. Demographic information (age and gender), localization and angulation of the impacted canine teeth were recorded. Canine angulation was measured between the two lines drawn on the coronal section of CBCT, with the first line drawn from the crista galli to the anterior nasal spine and the second line drawn along the long axes of the impacted canine teeth.
Results: The mean age was 35.42±12.29 years in men and 31.10±11.09 years in women. In women, 16 of the impacted canines were on the right and 23 were on the left side, while in men, 21 of them were on the right and 12 were on the left side. Mean angulation was 34.6° (range, 17.6°-64.4°) for women and 36.2° (range, 21.4°-56.3°) for men. A weak negative correlation was found between patient age and angulation (p=0.49, rho = - 0.233).
Conclusion: Angulation of maxillary impacted canines is an important predictive factor in orthodontic treatment. In the present study, no significant difference was found between angulation and canine localization and gender.
 
How to cite this article:
Laçin N, Yalçın M. Investigation the angulation of maxillary impacted canines by using cone-beam computed tomography. Int Dent Res 2022;12(1):9-13. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2022.vol11.no1.2
 
Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
The effect of cold drinks on the coloration of resin-containing restorative materials
Authors: Altıparmak Elif Tuğba , Oktay Elif Aybala , Karaoğlanoğlu Serpil , Aydın Numan , Ersöz Bilge , Özarslantürk Savaş
Published: August 2022

Aim: Resin-containing restorative materials are widely used in the restoration of teeth. Our aim in this study is to examine the color change of beverages consumed cold on resin-containing restorative materials.
Methodology: Samples were prepared using composite resins and resin-based CAD/CAM blocks. All prepared samples were kept in cold tea, cold coffee, coke, energy drink, and distilled water after polishing. The color values of the samples were measured with a spectrophotometer at the beginning, on the 1st, 7th and 30th days, and the color change values were calculated with the CIEDE2000 formula. Statistical analysis of color change values was performed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparison tests (p<0.05).
Results: While there was no statistically significant difference in the color changes of the resin-containing dental materials at the end of the 1st day (p>0.05), at the end of the 7th and 30th days, cold tea caused the statistically highest color change (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the color change values of cold coffee, coke and energy drink on the materials in all time periods (p>0.05). Composite resins showed more color change than resin-based CAD/CAM blocks (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Cold tea causes the most discoloration on resin-based materials. While the resin-containing CAD/CAM blocks showed a color change under the AT value in all cold drinks, the composite resins showed a color change above the AT value in cold tea and coffee.
 
How to cite this article:
Altıparmak ET, Aybala Oktay E, Karaoğlanoğlu S, Aydın N, Ersöz B, Özarslantürk S. The effect of cold drinks on the coloration of resin-containing restorative materials. Int Dent Res 2022;12(1):14-20. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2022.vol12.no1.3
 
Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI BERDASARKAN SAK EMKM PADA DIAN LAUNDRY SANGATTA
Authors: Kusumah Angga , Fauli Henri , Jannah Raudatul
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine whether Dian Laundry Sangatta implemented the preparation of financial statements based on SAK EMKM. This research is a comparative descriptive study, with more of a description of the results of interviews and documentation studies as well as comparing theory and reality in the field. The data that has been obtained will be analyzed qualitatively and described in descriptive form. Based on the research that has been done, Dian Laundry has not carried out journal recording and summarization activities in accordance with existing accounting standards, so there needs to be improvements and additions to the activities of this stage and Dian Laundry also does not have and prepare financial reports in accordance with SAK EMKM.
Comprehensive service quality evaluation of public transit based on extension cloud model
Authors: Hu Xinghua , Chen Xinghui , Zhao Jiahao , Yu Kun , Long Bing , Dai Gao
Published: August 2022

Prioritizing the development of public transit and enhancing its attractiveness is an important way to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion and achieve sustainable development. To improve the service quality and overall opera-tional efficiency of urban public transit, an evaluation index system related to the comprehensive experience of pas-sengers, service supply quality of public transit enterprises, and supervision of management departments was intro-duced from both the demand and the supply of public transit travel services. Based on the data distribution characteris-tics of the boxplot in statistics, the evaluation level and corresponding value range of each index were determined, and the comprehensive weight of the index was determined using the linear weighting method combining the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy weight method, so as to reduce the influence of single weighting method on the evaluation results of comprehensive service quality of public transit. An evaluation method of public transit compre-hensive service quality based on the extension cloud model was established. The evaluation results of the model were obtained by calculating the cloud affiliation and comprehensive certainty, and a reliability factor was used to test the evaluation results, which solved the problem of randomness and fuzziness in the process of comprehensive service quality evaluation of public transportation and made the evaluation results closer to the reality. Finally, the estab-lished comprehensive evaluation model was applied to a city for example analysis, and the corresponding evaluation level was obtained as good. The value of the reliability factor in the model was less than 0.01, indicating that the model has good applicability and a certain application value for the comprehensive service quality evaluation of public transit. The evaluation method fully considered a variety of evaluation indicators, specified the evaluation level of comprehensive service quality of public transit, and the evaluation results provide a theoretical basis for public transport enterprise to make targeted improvement measures.
Machine learning algorithms for the problem of optimizing the distribution of parcels in time-dependent networks: the case study
Authors: Tarapata Zbigniew , Kulas Wojciech , Antkiewicz Ryszard
Published: August 2022

In the paper we present machine learning algorithms for the problem of optimizing the distribution of parcels in sto-chastic time-dependent networks, which have been built as a part of some Distribution Optimization System. The prob-lem solved was a modified VRPTW (Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows) with many warehouses, a heteroge-neous fleet, travel times depending on the time of departure (stochastic time-dependent network) and an extensive cost function as an optimization criterion. To solve the problem a modified simulated annealing (SATM) algorithm has been proposed. The paper presents the results of the algorithm learning process: the calibration of input parameters and the study of the impact of parameters on the quality of the solution (calculation time, transport cost function value) de-pending on the type of input data. The idea is to divide the input data into classes according to a proposed classifica-tion rule and to propose several strategies for selecting the optimal set of calibration parameters. These strategies consist in solving some multi-criteria optimization tasks in which four criterion functions are used: the length of the designated routes, the computation time, the number of epochs used in the algorithm, the number of designated routes. The subproblem was building a network model of travel times that is used in constructed SATM algorithm to determine the travel time between recipients, depending on the time of departure from the start location. An attempt has been made to verify the research hypothesis that the time between two points can be estimated with sufficient accuracy depending on their geographical location and the time of departure (without reference to the micro-scale, i.e. the detailed structure of the road network). The research was conducted on two types of data for Warsaw: from transport companies and one of the Internet traffic data providers. Learning the network model of travel times has produced very promising results, which will be described in the paper.
Refleksje nad procesem stanowienia prawa podatkowego
Authors: Modzelewski Witold
Published: August 2022

Współczesny proces stanowienia prawa podatkowego w Polsce charakteryzują dwie trwałe cechy – nieprzewidywalność oraz rozbieżność między deklarowanymi i rzeczywistymi skutkami wprowadzanych zmian. Treść przepisów prawa podatkowego jest kształtowana przez cztery grupy wpływu:
1) interesariuszy, którzy są adresatami norm materialnego prawa podatkowego części szczegółowej;
2) liderzy „międzynarodowego” biznesu optymalizacyjnego, który na co dzień zajmuje się głównie ucieczką od opodatkowania swoich kontrahentów; ów biznes występuje tu w roli „ekspertów”;
3) biurokracja rządowa i wspólnotowa, która formalnie tworzy projekty przepisów prawa podatkowego;
4) klasa polityczna, która przynajmniej z założenia powinna rządzić całością procesu stanowienia prawa podatkowego.
Treść współczesnego prawa podatkowego jest bardzo często podporządkowana interesowi optymalizacyjnemu, którego strategia biznesowa składa się z trzech etapów:
1) „sprzedaży” usługi ucieczki od opodatkowania,
2) obsługi sporów z władzą publiczną w związku z skorzystaniem z tych usług,
3) doradztwa ratunkowego dla podmiotów, które przegrały na drugim etapie.
Prawdopodobnie treść przepisów prawa podatkowego jest kształtowana również pod wpływem beneficjentów oszustw podatkowych, a więc w złej wierze.
Efektywność fiskalna podatku dochodowego od osób prawnych (zagadnienia systemowe)
Authors: Radzikowski Krzysztof
Published: August 2022

Współcześnie rośnie znaczenie fiskalne podatków pośrednich, obciążających konsumpcję, maleje zaś – podatków dochodowych. Tendencja ta w większym stopniu dotyczy opodatkowania spółek i korporacji niż gospodarstw domowych i drobnych przedsiębiorców. W Polsce jest silniejsza i trwalsza niż w Europie Zachodniej.
Nowe ulgi na innowacje w podatku dochodowym od osób prawnych – ulga na robotyzację oraz ulga na prototyp
Authors: Błaszczak Barbara
Published: August 2022

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja dwóch nowych rozwiązań w polskim systemie podatkowym, wprowadzonych w ramach Polskiego Ładu1 – ulgi na prototyp i ulgi na robotyzację. Obie ulgi opierają się na możliwości dodatkowego odliczenia kosztów od podstawy opodatkowania, co zostało poddane w artykule analizie w ramach regulacji ustawy z dnia 15 lutego 1992 r. o podatku dochodowym od osób prawnych2. Ulga na prototyp ma na celu wspieranie twórczych procesów, które odbywają się w ramach prowadzenia działań badawczo-rozwojowych (B+R). Umożliwia ona przedsiębiorcom zarówno skonstruowanie prototypów na podstawie ich odkryć badawczych, jak i wprowadzenie ich do obrotu. Z kolei ulga na robotyzację ma zachęcać przedsiębiorców do nabywania robotów przemysłowych w celu poprawy własnej produktywności i konkurencyjności na rynku globalnym. Dlatego też w zamyśle obie regulacje mają wspierać innowacje w polskich przedsiębiorstwach. W niniejszej pracy autorka potwierdza i udowadnia potrzebę wprowadzenia takich rozwiązań w Polsce, zwłaszcza w czasach gospodarczego kryzysu. Jednakże ich efektywna implementacja może napotykać pewne przeszkody związane z nieodpowiednimi regulacjami, na które składają się niejasne definicje legalne. W artykule autorka przedstawia analizę obu ulg i poddaje krytycznej ocenie te obszary ich regulacji, które sprawiają, że te ulgi stają się trudne do implementacji w wielu przedsiębiorstwach.
Uproszczony sposób ustalania wartości celnej towarów
w międzynarodowym obrocie towarowym
Authors: Gwardzińska Ewa
Published: August 2022

W niniejszym artykule poddano analizie instytucję uproszczonego ustalania wartości celnej towarów, która jest
znacznym ułatwieniem dla przedsiębiorców w sytuacji, gdy nie można obliczyć wszystkich kosztów konstytuujących
wartość celną towarów w dniu przyjęcia zgłoszenia celnego na podstawie całkowitej płatności (czyli ceny
faktycznie zapłaconej lub należnej), która została lub ma zostać dokonana przez kupującego sprzedającemu lub
przez kupującego stronie trzeciej na korzyść sprzedającego za przywożone towary i która obejmuje wszystkie
płatności, które zostały lub mają zostać dokonane jako warunek sprzedaży przywożonych towarów.
Estrés y su impacto durante la pandemia covid-19.
Authors: Durán Pincay Yelisa Stefanía , Parrales Cevallos Valeria Michelle , Quimis Menoscal Jordan Edison , Chiquito Pionce Edwin Alexander
Published: August 2022

En el año 2020, debido a la pandemia de COVID-19, la vida pública se restringió masivamente, incluida la prohibición total del aprendizaje/enseñanza presencial en las escuelas y universidades. En un corto período de tiempo, la población se adaptó  a sistemas digitales y en línea. La vida académica y privada se afectó por el impacto de las normas de contacto social e higiene. Para este estudio bibliográfico se analizaron 25 artículos científicos que fueron la base estructural de la investigación obtenidos de Scielo, PubMed y Redalyc, cuyo objetivo es  analizar el estrés y su impacto durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Los resultados más relevantes indicaron que, durante la época de pandemia entre el 10 y el 30 % del público en general manifestó temores importantes de contraer la enfermedad. A causa del confinamiento, se reportaron aumento en las emociones negativas y el nivel de morbilidad psiquiátrica. En China uno de los lugares donde se originó en teoría el virus encontró que entre 1210 encuestados, el 53,8 % calificó el impacto psicológico del brote como moderado o grave, el 16,5 % informó síntomas depresivos moderados a graves, el 28,8 % informó síntomas de ansiedad moderados a graves y el 8,1% reportó niveles de estrés moderados a severos. En conclusión, el estudio revela  variables psicológicas relacionadas con COVID-19. Si bien el distanciamiento social pudo hacer que las personas se sientan más seguras, también se aumentaron sus sentimientos de aislamiento, estrés y frustración hasta causar dificultades en su vida cotidiana.
Inheritance and mapping of QTLs for Ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum)
Authors: LEKHI DIVYA , KAUR AJINDER , RANI UPASANA , SOI SANGEETA , SINGH INDERJIT , BINDRA SHAYLA , PRATAP ADITYA , SINGH SARVJEET , BHARADWAJ C
Published: August 2022

There are very limited studies on the QTLs governing Ascochyta blight resistance which is a major problem in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown in North West Plain Zone of India in the cooler climates and world over. An interspecific mapping population consisting of 157 F2:3 lines developed by crossing a resistant parent ILWC129 (C. reticulatum) with a susceptible variety GL769 (C. arietinum L.), was evaluated (2019â€“20) and genotyped (2021) for genetic studies and mapping of resistance to Ascochyta rabiei (syn. Phoma rabiei), isolate 8(3968). The inheritance pattern gave 1R:2H:1S goodness of fit ratio with Ï‡2 value of 0.4 indicating that resistance against isolate 8 of the pathogen governed by a single gene. Out of 831 SSR markers screened, 86 were found polymorphic with 10.3% polymorphism from which only 41 markers segregated in 1:2:1 ratio and could be mapped. Eight linkage groups with a cumulative distance of 1042.31 cM were formed with an average distance of 25.42 cM. This is probably the first report of inheritance studies and tagging of A. rabei race 8 (arr8) resistance gene using molecular markers in an interspecific cross with C. reticulatum.
Interactive effect of thermal environments and bio-regulators on wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: LAKHRAN HANSA , SHARMA O M PRAKASH , BAJIYA ROHITASH , CHOUDHARY MEENA , KANWAR SUSHILA , CHOUDHARY JEET RAM
Published: August 2022

Wheat grain yield is affected by several biotic and abiotic factors. Among the abiotic factors heat stress is the most important factor that greatly affects the productivity of wheat. A study was carried out in loamy-sand soil to evaluate the effect of sowing at different thermal environments and its interaction with foliar spray of bio-regulators on growth indices and yield of wheat during rabi 2016â€“17 and 2017â€“18 at S K N Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with four replications consisting of 24 treatments. Wheat sown at 20ÂºC temperature, reported maximum growth indices i.e. LAD, CGR, RGR and NAR at 30â€“60 DAS and 60â€“90 DAS which were significantly higher than D1 (sowing at 18ÂºC) and D3 (sowing at 22ÂºC). The significantly higher LAI was recorded under B4 (SA @200 ppm) over all other treatments, while it remained at par with B3, B7 and B8 at 60 DAS and B6 and B8 at 90 DAS. At 30â€“60 DAS and 60â€“90 DAS, significantly higher LAD, CGR and RGR were noticed under the treatment B4 (SA @200 ppm) which superseded over rest of the treatments while it remained at par with B8 except CGR at 60â€“90 DAS. It is concluded that salicylic acid @200 ppm may be sprayed on 20ÂºC temperature sown crop, plays a major role in mitigating the abiotic stress via creation of favourable micro-climate; thereby increasing the productivity.
Agrometeorological evaluation of mustard (Brassica juncea) under organic production in North Western Indo-Gangetic Plains
Authors: JAT N K , SHAMIM M , KUMAR SUDHIR , RAVISANKAR N , YADAV R S , BABU SUBHASH , PANWAR A S
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate agrometeorological parameters associated with seed yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) varieties in an organic production system. During the study, significant variation was recorded in crop phenophases, growth, yield attributes, and seed yield of mustard. Varieties NRCHB-101 and Pusa Mustard-25 have taken significantly minimum days to commence flowering (46â€“48 days) and attaining physiological maturity (89â€“90 days). Variety RGN-48 being at par with RH-406 and RGN-229, recorded significantly higher plant height, while RGN-229 recorded the significantly highest biomass accumulation at all the growth stages. Varieties RH-406, Pusa Bold, and DRMRIJ-31 recorded significantly higher seeds per siliqua (16.2â€“16.5), whereas significantly higher test weight was recorded in Pusa Bold (6.3 g) and DRMRIJ-31 (6.0 g). In seed yield, variety RH-406 (1.97 t/ha) and DRMRIJ-31 (1.42 t/ha) were found significantly highest and lowest, respectively. A significant positive correlations of mustard seed yield was noticed with biomass accumulation at 30 DAS (r=441**), 60 DAS (r=0.614**), 90 DAS (r=0.620**) and biological yield at harvest (r=0.496**). Contrary to test weight, seeds per siliqua had shown a positive effect (r=0.266*) on the seed yield of the mustard. Seed yield of mustard was also influenced by some agrometeorological indices with correlation coefficients (r) of mean minimum temperature at flowering and physiological maturity and mean maximum temperature at physiological maturity were -0.207*, -0.249*, and -0.241*, respectively. Net solar radiation and cumulative temperature difference at physiological maturity also had significant and positive effects on the seed yield of mustard.
Physiological and biochemical responses of okra seed (Abelmoschus esculentus) to fungicides and containers
Authors: KUMAR SUNIL , JAKHAR SATBIR SINGH , MALIK ANIL KUMAR
Published: August 2022

The present study was carried out at Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar, Haryana during 2018â€“20, that comprised of seven fungicides used as seed treatment @2 gm/kg, viz. carbendazim, tebuconazole, difeconazole, flusilazole, chlorothalonil, azoxystrobin and vitavax power along with control. The freshly harvested okra seeds treated with these fungicides were stored in three different containers, viz. polythene bag, hermetic bag and metal box under ambient conditions up to a period of 18 months and their quality was assessed at a regular interval for three months. A significant decline in seed quality was observed in all the treatments as the period of ageing increased. Seeds treated with azoxystrobin and stored in metal box recorded significantly higher germination per cent (74.9%), shoot length (8.8 cm), root length (6.8 cm), seedling dry weight (0.230 g), vigour index-I (1171), vigour index-II (17.22), catalase (198.9 mg/protein/min), superoxidase dismustase (132.2 mg/protein/min), dehydrogenase (0.46 OD/g/ml) and peroxidise (676 mg/protein/min) and lower electrical conductivity (1.036 Î¼S/cm/g) after 18 months of storage as compared to control. Hence, the study recommends that use of appropriate packaging material and seed treatment would leads to prolong the longevity and health of okra seeds.
Vacuum drying: a new technique for drying ornamental flowers and bracts
Authors: B RAGHUPATHI , GANTAIT SUBHENDU S
Published: August 2022

The vacuum drying technology was standardized as a new way for drying of ornamental flowers and bracts for preparing value added dry flower products. The results of experiment concluded that embedding in silica gel and vacuum oven drying (temp. 55Â°C with 100 mmHg pressure) for 2.5 h was best suitable for drying of Wedelia trilobata flowers, 3 h was appropriate for Ixora chinensis flowers and Mussaenda erythrophylla bracts, and 5 h was found ideal for Ageratum conyzoides flowers.
Ploidy study of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) through PMCâ€™s method
Authors: BALA ANU , BALA MADHU , SRIVASTAVA PUJA , KHARE VIKRANT
Published: August 2022

Determination of the ploidy level of plants is utmost important for identification of species, selection of suitable parental lines and also to identify the relationships between species to determine the evolutionary patterns. In chrysanthemum species, chromosomes often have different degrees of differentiation, both between and within species. Total 30 genotypes of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) were used to study the cytology in the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping and Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PAU, Ludhiana during 2019 with the objective to find out the genetic variation among the diverse genotypes of chrysanthemum. The ploidy level of 30 chrysanthemum genotypes was studied through meiotic study of pollen mother cells and for this study of meiotic chromosomes, stage and timings of bud collection is very much important. A range of ploidy level was encountered in chromosomal study of selected chrysanthemum germplasm and ploidy level was 2n= 52â€“116. This study indicated that polyploidy variation was found in all varieties of chrysanthemum selected for study. The elucidation of ploidy level of various crops and species provides foundation for understanding their genetic background, therefore, the results of present study will be further helpful for germplasm conservation of chrysanthemum flower crop.
Influence of blanching and frozen storage on quality characteristics of vegetable soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: THAKUR ABHAY KUMAR , PAN RABI SHANKAR , SINGH INDU SHEKHAR , SHAMBHU VIDYA BHUSHAN
Published: August 2022

Effect of blanching on freezing and quality attributes during frozen storage of vegetable soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] was investigated during 2015–16 at ICAR-RCER, RC Ranchi. Seeds were blanched for 5 and 10 min in boiling water, steam and microwave. Freezing was carried out at -20oC and stored in frozen condition (-18oC) for 12 months. Quality attributes such as drip loss, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, hardness, colour, microbiological status and sensory trait were examined. Green seeds (58.3%) were recovered from harvested vegetable soybean pod, in which 54.8% were good seeds and 3.5% were physically damaged. Drip loss of frozen samples was between 3.68% and 5.54% during the storage period. A loss of 35.7% was found in ascorbic acid after blanching that further reduced to 71.9% after 12 months of frozen storage. Chlorophyll reduced to 21.9% due to blanching and freezing that furtherdecreased to 42.4% at the end of storage. Blanching treatments did not show significant variation in hardness while losses of hardness were significant during storage. Colour retention was better in samples blanched in boiling water or steam. Bacterial and fungal count at the end of 12 months frozen storage suggested that samples were microbiologically safe to consume. Sensory examination revealed that 10 min blanching either in boiling water or in steam was more acceptable vis-à-vis samples blanched in microwave.
Techno-Economic analysis of CAZRI Solar Dryer
Authors: PRAKASH OM , JAIN DILIP , SRIVASTAV SOMA , KISHORE PRABHAT
Published: August 2022

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is one of the major horticultural produce and an important source of income as well as livelihood in Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh and North-eastern part of India. However, it is also full of nutritional and functional health benefits. Despite all the advantages associated with the fruit, shorter shelf life is major hindrance in attaining its potential economic benefit to the farmers. Apricot drying is most common in these regions t raditionally done by the farmers. Solar dryer developed by ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI) at its regional station, Leh is helping in extending shelf life of apricot and its availability throughout the year. This study was carried out during 2017–19 aimed to estimate the techno-economic benefit on adoption of the dryer by individual farmer or processor. It is found that adopter need to make investment of `1.10 lakh in fixed capital and requires `1.22 lakh annually to process one metric tonnes of the fruit. The annual cost of production was determined as `133,000 with depreciation of `11,000 for project of 1 metric tonne fresh fruit. Estimates indicate that adopter could generate net income of `78,000 annually. Profitability analysis yielded net profit ratio, pay-back period, benefit-cost ratio and break-even point of 37%, 1.23 years, 1.52, and 123.50 kg, respectively.
Inter and intra-specific crossability studies on Mangifera species
Authors: MAHANTI KISHOR KUMAR , SRIVASTAV MANISH , SINGH SANJAY KUMAR , DINESH M R
Published: August 2022

Inter-specific and inter-varietal crosses were attempted using Mangifera indica cv. Amrapali as a female parent and M. odorata and M. indica cv. Vanraj as male donor parents (2016–19). Initial fruit set after 7 days of pollination (DAP) was 81.48%, which reduced to 2.48% at harvest. However, in inter-specific crosses, initial fruit set was 79.89%, which reduced to 0.45% at the time of harvesting. Progenies obtained from inter-varietal and inter-specific crosses were subjected to confirmation of parentage using SSR markers. Eight polymorphic SSR markers were used to estimate the paternity, maternity and new alleles in the hybrids. Based on fragment analysis, the paternity, maternity and new alleles of 12 inter-specific and 17 inter-varietal hybrids were estimated by finding a similar number of alleles between the offsprings and parents. Among inter-specific hybrids, AO2, AO7, AO11, and AO12 showed ≥50% of paternal allele inheritance, while AO1, AO2, AO4, AO5, AO7, AO8, AO9, AO10 and AO12 showed ≥50% of maternal allele inheritance. Inter-specific hybrids such as AO1, AO3, AO5, AO9, AO10 and AO11 inherited new alleles. Among inter-varietal hybrids, AV1, AV2, AV4, AV5, AV6, AV10, AV11, AV12, AV13, AV14, AV15 and AV17 possessed ≥50% paternal allele, while, AV1, AV2, AV3, AV5, AV6, AV7, AV8, AV10, AV11 and AV15 had ≥50% maternal allele. Three inter-varietal hybrids, viz. AV8, AV9 and AV16 inherited new alleles. It is concluded that SSRs markers are useful in ascertaining the parentage of hybrids obtained from inter-specific and inter-varietal crosses in mango.
Effect of fertigation strategies on growth and production of soilless cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
Authors: RANDHE RAVINDRA D , HASAN MURTAZA , SINGH D K , KUMAR S NARESH , KUMAR PRAMOD , ALAM WASI , PANDEY RAKESH
Published: August 2022

Weight-based fertigation scheduling strategies optimized for cucumber production in coco-peat grow bag under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted using treatments comprised of four different levels of nutrient solution replenishment based on weight loss of growing bags along with plants, viz. full replenishment, 10% and 20% less replenishment and 20% more replenishment. Significantly, maximum cucumber yield (96.88–104.89 t/ha), number of fruits per plant (25–25.33) and yield per plant (2.42–2.62 kg/plant) were observed under full replenishment of nutrient solution against weight loss. It was also at par with treatment, which received 20% more nutrient solution as compared to full replenishment. The physiological attributes, viz. plant height (184 cm), number of nodes per plant (29.33), dry biomass and root parameters were observed higher in the full replenishment strategy which received 100% fertigation against the weight loss. Water use efficiency was found higher in the full replenishment followed by 20% less replenishment and lowest (811.38 kg/ha-mm) in 20% more replenishment of nutrient solution. Fertigation strategy which received the 100% nutrient solution against the weight loss, allowed the plant to grow fully with maximum yield and water use efficiency (WUE). Hence, 100% and more replenishment of nutrient solution against weight loss were found to be highly suitable strategies for controlling the fertigation scheduling through the weightbased sensing system.
Educación Física para la formación en salud de los estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Guapi Fausto , Morcillo Romario , Falcones Elizabeth , Chila Juan
Published: August 2022

La Educación Física como asignatura es comprendida como un área del saber que se identifica como la pedagogía, cuyo objeto de estudio está encaminado integrar conocimientos de diferentes ciencias. Todo ello permite descubrir las bases filosóficas, pedagógicas, biológicas y organizativas del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Para Vera (2020), “la importancia de la salud es un hecho que no entiende de edades”, si bien, “es durante la infancia y adolescencia cuando hay que instaurar una serie de hábitos que permitan mantener un estilo de vida saludable a lo largo de toda la ella”. (p. 23)