bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Residual Risk of HBV in African Blood Banks: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Maulot-Bangola D. , Mangala C. , Fokam J. , Nkoa T.
Published: July 2021

Background: Blood transfusions carry the risk of transmitting blood-borne infections. A precise estimate of the transfusion risk of viral infection will help to determine the effect of new and current safety measures in sub-Saharan Africa. This study proposes to estimate the residual risk of HBV in blood banks in African countries and to compare them to other countries in the South.

Methods: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar and Zotero were accessed. The eligibility criteria were based on published studies that had blood donors as participants, looking at the residual risk of HBV in developing countries and the technique was based on the search for HBsAg or Hepatitis B Core Antibodies or Nucleic Acid (DNA) testing. The Cochrane tool was used to assess the risk of bias.

Results: Twelve articles comprising 71,207 allogeneic and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative blood donations were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 4912 HBsAg negative African donation including (51.0%) new donors and (49.0%) from regular donors. 80.8% of them were male and the median age was 28 years. Of 1225 HBV strains (47% and 53.4% incident cases) were frequencies in sub-Saharan Africa and in other Southern countries respectively. Considering the twelve participating blood centres as a whole, the incidence rate of new infections was high (4905.1) in sub-Saharan Africa than (869.7) in other Southern countries per 100,000 person-years. In contrast, the estimated residual risk in sub-Saharan Africa (5913 in 1 million donations) was five times higher than estimated in other Southern countries (1048.4 in 1 million donations).

Conclusion: Blood donations with HBsAg undetectable by routine testing and low levels of HBV DNA are extremely common in sub-Saharan Africa, at a rate of 5913 per 1 million donations. Given that at least several of these samples could reflect contamination or a false negative result, elimination of infection by a test limited to HBsAg does not prevent transmission.
Lymphangioma Presenting as Sudden Proptosis in a Toddler
Authors: Arvinth Rajagopal , Subrayan Visvaraja , Zahari Mimiwati , Narayanan Prepagaren , Reddy Sagili Chandrasekhara
Published: July 2021

Orbital lymphangioma commonly occurs in the first decade of life.  It is usually congenital, slow growing and can lead to orbital haemorrhage, ptosis, orbital cellulitis, proptosis and compressive optic neuropathy.  A 14-months-old male child was brought to the eye clinic with sudden protrusion of the left eye for the past two days. On examination of left eye, a non-axial, non-pulsatile proptosis with ptosis and inferior eyelid ecchymosis were noted. Anterior segment and fundus were normal.  Pupil was normal and reacted briskly to light. Intraocular pressure measured with Tonopen was 16 mm Hg.  Right eye: anterior segment, fundus, and intraocular pressure were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging of orbits and brain showed left sided multicystic intraconal mass with area of  haemorrhage. The diagnosis of left orbital lymphangioma was made. The initial treatment with Propranolol syrup did not reduce the proptosis. Left nasal endoscopic  aspiration of blood and orbital decompression was done by the otolaryngologist. The child was followed up for one year and the proptosis was found to be reduced markedly on the left side. Although various modalities of treatment are available for this condition, unfortunately there are no definitive curative treatments currently. In view of its rarity, this case is reported.
Multi-Mean Scout Particle Swarm Optimization (MMSCPSO) based Reactive Power Optimization in Large-Scale Power Systems
Authors: Bananeza Christophe , Mugemanyi Sylvère , Nshimyumukiza Théogène , Niyodusenga Jean Marie Vianney , Munyaneza Jean De Dieu
Published: July 2021

The particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a population-based algorithm belonging into metaheuristic algorithms and it has been used since many decades for handling and solving various optimization problems. However, it suffers from premature convergence and it can easily be trapped into local optimum. Therefore, this study presents a new algorithm called multi-mean scout particle swarm optimization (MMSCPSO) which solves reactive power optimization problem in a practical power system. The main objective is to minimize the active power losses in transmission line while satisfying various constraints. Control variables to be adjusted are voltage at all generator buses, transformer tap position and shunt capacitor.  The standard PSO has a better exploitation ability but it has a very poor exploration  ability. Consequently, to maintain the balance between these two abilities during the  search process by helping particles to escape from the local optimum trap, modifications were made where initial population was produced by tent and logistic maps and it was subdividing it into sub-swarms to ensure good distribution of particles within the search space. Beside this, the idle particles (particles unable to improve their personal best) were replaced by insertion of a scout phase inspired from the artificial bee colony in the standard PSO. This algorithm has been applied and tested on IEEE 118-bus system and it has shown a strong performance in terms of active power loss minimization and voltage profile improvement compared to the original PSO Algorithm, whereby the MMSCPSO algorithm reduced the active power losses at 18.681% then the PSO algorithm reduced the active power losses at 15.457%. Hence, the MMSCPSO could be a better solution for reactive power optimization in large-scale power systems.
Synthetic Advances against Coronaviruses: A Short Review of the Recent Literature on Newly Synthetized Derivatives and Recently Developed Strategies
Authors: Hussein Weiam , Alheibshy Fawaz , Alshammari Farhan
Published: July 2021

The coronavirus pandemic is a modern social emergency and the biggest global challenge since the Second World War. Since the pandemic began in China at the end of 2019, the disease spread to every landmass except Antarctica. The effect of antiviral drugs on the new corona virus has been tested, but no basic and complete cure has been found, although there are many drugs such as  interleukin-6 inhibitor,  monoclonal antibody and corticosteroid which remarkably reduced mortality of critically ill COVID-19 patients in a major clinical trial. Although not enough experimental data has been released yet, many researchers have hailed the result as a step in the right direction. In this review, a series of the newly chemical derivatives were synthesized and evaluated against human coronavirus. Many derivatives found to be active in inhibiting the cellular infection of human coronavirus which causes the SARS-CoV-2pandemic. This mini- review summarizes the synthesis of these new antiviral derivatives that target coronaviruses and describes general current strategies and models for developing antiviral drugs. The review aims to provide a starting point for medicinal chemists to synthesize necessary and effective drugs against coronaviruses.
Biofilm Formation and Multiplex PCR detection of icaABCD Operon in Staphylococcus capitis
Authors: Abdul-Aziz Aziyah , Abdullah Mohamad Faiz Foong , Mohamad Sharifah Aminah Syed
Published: July 2021

Aims: The ability to form biofilm is a major virulence factor in the virulence of the Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) group of bacteria. Being the most predominant member of CoNS, the ability of S. epidermidis in causing biofilm-associated infections has been well established. On the other hand, S. capitis and has always been regard as a non-pathogenic species although recently it was found to be responsible in a variety of infections. Hence, this study aimed to determine the biofilm formation capabilities and the presence of icaABCD genes in clinical isolates of S. capitis, which have emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen in clinical settings.

Methodology: S. capitis was isolated and identified from 17 out of 200 clinical samples. Biofilm formation assay was performed quantitatively using a microtitre plate method. Mulitplex PCR primers for icaABCD genes were designed from DNA sequences coding for the icaA, B, C, and D structural genes of S capitis JF930147.1 which was compared together with five other species of Staphylococcus. Amplification of the icaABCD genes was performed using the designated primers.

Results: From the 17 strains of S. capitis clinical isolates, 14 were identified as S. capitis subsp capitis while the remaining three were identified as S. capitis subsp ureolyticus. Except for two of the S. capitis subsp capitis isolates, the remaining strains were able to form biofilm, with majority of them were strong biofilm formers. Multiplex PCR was successful in amplifying the four icaABCD genes which was demonstrated in all the S. capitis isolates, including the two non-biofilm forming isolates.

Conclusion: Majority of the S. capitis isolates were able to form biofilm phenotypically suggesting the possibility in causing opportunistic infections through indwelling medical devices. Multiplex PCR however was able to detect the presence of the icaABCD genes in all the S. capitis isolates. This suggests that the biofilm assessment on microtitre plate is not a definitive tool in determining the production of polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA) but the production of the icaABCD genes could be a better assessment in determining biofilm production in Staphylococcus.
Biological Activities of Ethanol Extract from Karanda (Carissa carandas L.) Fruits
Authors: Sudjaroen Yuttana , Petcharaporn Kanyapat , Moolwong Jutamas , Jodnok Khiseo , Kakatum Narin
Published: July 2021

Carissa carandas L. fruits are is contain high amount of iron, vitamin C and pectin. These fruits have been applied for folk medicine in the reliving of human disorders; and reported for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory and lipase 1 activity. Aims of this study were to determine antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation activities of ethanol extract from karanda fruits. Fresh fruits were cleaned, air dried, and extracted with 95% ethanol by maceration. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid measurements (TFC) of karanda fruit extract was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and colorimetric method. 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity of extract was evaluated and compared with ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol, respectively. In vitro inflammatory activity was evaluated by monitoring of degraded-albumin reduction and compared with diclofenac diethylammonium. Anti-microbial activity of was evaluated against pathogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, and Staphylococcus aureus; and pathogenic yeasts, Candida albicans by disc diffusion method. TPC and TFC of ethanol extract were 11.39±0.18 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 9.15±1.31 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g, respectively. DPPH and NO radical scavenging activities of karanda fruit extract were preferable (IC50 = 0.56±0.05 and 50.95±14.29 mg/ml). However, this extract was poorly inhibited lipid peroxidation (IC50 > 1,000 mg/ml), and lack of anti-inflammation activity. Karanda fruit extract was slightly inhibited S. mutans and S. aureus, therefore there was unable to inhibited C. albicans. The results may support application of karanda fruit for oral anti-septic and sore-throat relieving herb.
Hand Hygiene during Pandemic
Authors: Hiware Aditya
Published: July 2021

After authoritatively announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), radical measures to limit human developments to contain the COVID-19 contamination are utilized by the greater part of the nations. Keeping up high close to home cleanliness by continuous handwashing and being cautious of clinical signs are generally prescribed to diminish the sickness trouble. The public and global wellbeing organizations, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the WHO, have given rules to counteraction and treatment ideas. Here, in this short article, in view of accessible clinical data, the writer examines why handwashing could be defensive of COVID-19 contaminations. Albeit a definite and inside and out conversation of different preventive and defensive measures is past the extent of this article, this survey will zero in on the utility of continuous handwashing in limiting the danger of spreading COVID-19 contamination
Symptomatic Hypocalcemiain Neonates Due to Maternal Hypovitaminosis D in Rural Tertiary Care Center: A Case Series
Authors: Lingayat Nitin S. , Manwani Saloni , Mishra Bratati S.
Published: July 2021

Vitamin D deficiency in neonates is not uncommon and is characterized by severe hypocalcemic symptoms. In babies with poor vitamin D resources, calcium, phosphorus, and homeostasis are affected, leading to neonatal hypocalcaemia clinical manifestations. Newborn babies with vitamin D deficiency are at risk of deficiency and hypocalcaemia. Therefore, vitamin D supplementation in pregnant and lactating mothers should be routinely considered. Of newborns with symptomatic hypocalcaemia admitted in Level III NICU in the rural part of western Maharashtra from October 2019 to September 2020 were reviewed. These babies were admitted to NICU due to several illnesses, including suspected sepsis, tachypnea, jaundice, etc. They were investigated for sepsis screen including Complete Blood count, CRP, Blood culture, CSF analysis. Cranial USG through anterior fontanelle and Neuro imaging and Electroencephalogram were done wherever necessary. This study intends to highlight the manifestation of maternal hypovitaminosis D on the mother and its effects on the neonate. Maternal hypovitaminosis leads to neonatal hypovitaminosis D and can present as hypocalcaemia.
Event‐triggered control for cyber‐physical systems with multiple transportation channels and denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Wei Jumei , Yan Xueyan , Zhu Xunlin , Xu Mingliang , Ma Rui , Du Haiping
Published: July 2021

Event‐triggered controllers are designed for cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) with multiple transmission channels in this article, including two cases: with and without denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. Through the design of switching controller and the use of linear matrix inequality‐based (LMI‐based) method, the global exponential stability of the CPSs with multiple transmission channels in both cases are proved, and the relationship of parameters of DoS frequency and duration with the sampling period is established. An example of unmanned ground vehicle under DoS attacks is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Novel Mg–Al–Sn–Zn–Y Alloys with Enhanced Strength−Ductility Combination Prepared by Hard‐Plate Rolling
Authors: Zha Min , Liu Jinming M. , Jia Hailong L. , Li Debei B. , Li Yongkang K. , Wang Cheng , Song Jiawang W. , Ma Pinkui K. , Wang Huiyuan Y.
Published: July 2021

Herein, novel high‐performance Mg–Al–Sn–Zn–Y (ATZ821−xY) alloys are developed via hard‐plate rolling (HPR). With the addition of Y, the heterogeneous grain structure of the HPRed ATZ821 alloy evolves to be more uniform, accompanied with significant weakening in basal texture. This is due to the faster dynamic recrystallization (DRX) induced by the particle‐stimulated nucleation (PSN) effect from the Al2Y particles, pinning effect from well‐dispersed submicrometer‐sized precipitates including Mg17Al12 and Mg2Sn, and the  slips activated by Y atoms in α‐Mg. Correspondingly, the HPRed ATZ821−1.0Y alloy shows a good combination of strength and ductility, that is, a yield strength (YS) of ≈248 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of ≈385 MPa, and a uniform elongation (UE) of ≈20%. The high YS is mainly due to grain boundary strengthening, which accounts for ≈70% of the total YS. The high UE is mainly attributed to the strong work hardening associated with weakened basal texture, well‐dispersed Mg17Al12 and Mg2Sn precipitates, as well as enhanced  slips induced by Y atoms in the solid solution.
Self‐Oxygenation of Tissues Orchestrates Full‐Thickness Vascularization of Living Implants
Authors: Farzin Ali , Hassan Shabir , Moreira Teixeira Liliana S. , Gurian Melvin , Crispim João F. , Manhas Varun , Carlier Aurélie , Bae Hojae , Geris Liesbet , Noshadi Iman , Shin Su Ryon , Leijten Jeroen
Published: July 2021

Bioengineering of tissues and organs has the potential to generate functional replacement organs. However, achieving the full‐thickness vascularization that is required for long‐term survival of living implants has remained a grand challenge, especially for clinically sized implants. During the pre‐vascular phase, implanted engineered tissues are forced to metabolically rely on the diffusion of nutrients from adjacent host‐tissue, which for larger living implants results in anoxia, cell death, and ultimately implant failure. Here it is reported that this challenge can be addressed by engineering self‐oxygenating tissues, which is achieved via the incorporation of hydrophobic oxygen‐generating micromaterials into engineered tissues. Self‐oxygenation of tissues transforms anoxic stresses into hypoxic stimulation in a homogenous and tissue size‐independent manner. The in situ elevation of oxygen tension enables the sustained production of high quantities of angiogenic factors by implanted cells, which are offered a metabolically protected pro‐angiogenic microenvironment. Numerical simulations predict that self‐oxygenation of living tissues will effectively orchestrate rapid full‐thickness vascularization of implanted tissues, which is empirically confirmed via in vivo experimentation. Self‐oxygenation of tissues thus represents a novel, effective, and widely applicable strategy to enable the vascularization living implants, which is expected to advance organ transplantation and regenerative medicine applications.
Structural Aspects of P2‐Type Na0.67Mn0.6Ni0.2Li0.2O2 (MNL) Stabilization by Lithium Defects as a Cathode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Liangtao , Kuo Liang‐Yin , López del Amo Juan Miguel , Nayak Prasant Kumar , Mazzio Katherine A. , Maletti Sebastian , Mikhailova Daria , Giebeler Lars , Kaghazchi Payam , Rojo Teófilo , Adelhelm Philipp
Published: July 2021

A known strategy for improving the properties of layered oxide electrodes in sodium‐ion batteries is the partial substitution of transition metals by Li. Herein, the role of Li as a defect and its impact on sodium storage in P2‐Na0.67Mn0.6Ni0.2Li0.2O2 is discussed. In tandem with electrochemical studies, the electronic and atomic structure are studied using solid‐state NMR, operando XRD, and density functional theory (DFT). For the as‐synthesized material, Li is located in comparable amounts within the sodium and the transition metal oxide (TMO) layers. Desodiation leads to a redistribution of Li ions within the crystal lattice. During charging, Li ions from the Na layer first migrate to the TMO layer before reversing their course at low Na contents. There is little change in the lattice parameters during charging/discharging, indicating stabilization of the P2 structure. This leads to a solid‐solution type storage mechanism (sloping voltage profile) and hence excellent cycle life with a capacity of 110 mAh g‐1 after 100 cycles. In contrast, the Li‐free compositions Na0.67Mn0.6Ni0.4O2 and Na0.67Mn0.8Ni0.2O2 show phase transitions and a stair‐case voltage profile. The capacity is found to originate from mainly Ni3+/Ni4+ and O2‐/O2‐δ redox processes by DFT, although a small contribution from Mn4+/Mn5+ to the capacity cannot be excluded.
Characterizing the Genetic Architecture of Parkinson's Disease in Latinos
Authors: Loesch Douglas P. , Horimoto Andrea R. V. R. , Heilbron Karl , Sarihan Elif I. , Inca‐Martinez Miguel , Mason Emily , Cornejo‐Olivas Mario , Torres Luis , Mazzetti Pilar , Cosentino Carlos , Sarapura‐Castro Elison , Rivera‐Valdivia Andrea , Medina Angel C. , Dieguez Elena , Raggio Victor , Lescano Andres , Tumas Vitor , Borges Vanderci , Ferraz Henrique B. , Rieder Carlos R. , Schumacher‐Schuh Artur , Santos‐Lobato Bruno L. , Velez‐Pardo Carlos , Jimenez‐Del‐Rio Marlene , Lopera Francisco , Moreno Sonia , Chana‐Cuevas Pedro , Fernandez William , Arboleda Gonzalo , Arboleda Humberto , Arboleda‐Bustos Carlos E. , Yearout Dora , Zabetian Cyrus P. ,   the 23andMe Research Team, Cannon Paul , Thornton Timothy A. , O'Connor Timothy D. , Mata Ignacio F. ,   the Latin American Research Consortium on the Genetics of Parkinson's Disease (LARGE‐PD)
Published: July 2021

Objective

This work was undertaken in order to identify Parkinson's disease (PD) risk variants in a Latino cohort, to describe the overlap in the genetic architecture of PD in Latinos compared to European‐ancestry subjects, and to increase the diversity in PD genome‐wide association (GWAS) data.

Methods

We genotyped and imputed 1,497 PD cases and controls recruited from nine clinical sites across South America. We performed a GWAS using logistic mixed models; variants with a p‐value <1 × 10−5 were tested in a replication cohort of 1,234 self‐reported Latino PD cases and 439,522 Latino controls from 23andMe, Inc. We also performed an admixture mapping analysis where local ancestry blocks were tested for association with PD status.

Results

One locus, SNCA, achieved genome‐wide significance (p‐value <5 × 10−8); rs356182 achieved genome‐wide significance in both the discovery and the replication cohorts (discovery, G allele: 1.58 OR, 95% CI 1.35–1.86, p‐value 2.48 × 10−8; 23andMe, G allele: 1.26 OR, 95% CI 1.16–1.37, p‐value 4.55 × 10−8). In our admixture mapping analysis, a locus on chromosome 14, containing the gene STXBP6, achieved significance in a joint test of ancestries and in the Native American single‐ancestry test (p‐value <5 × 10−5). A second locus on chromosome 6, containing the gene RPS6KA2, achieved significance in the African single‐ancestry test (p‐value <5 × 10−5).

Interpretation

This study demonstrated the importance of the SNCA locus for the etiology of PD in Latinos. By leveraging the demographic history of our cohort via admixture mapping, we identified two potential PD risk loci that merit further study. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:353–365
Fluoride Chemistry in Tin Halide Perovskites
Authors: Pascual Jorge , Flatken Marion , Félix Roberto , Li Guixiang , Turren‐Cruz Silver‐Hamill , Aldamasy Mahmoud H. , Hartmann Claudia , Li Meng , Di Girolamo Diego , Nasti Giuseppe , Hüsam Elif , Wilks Regan G. , Dallmann André , Bär Marcus , Hoell Armin , Abate Antonio
Published: July 2021

Tin is the frontrunner for substituting toxic lead in perovskite solar cells. However, tin suffers the detrimental oxidation of SnII to SnIV. Most of reported strategies employ SnF2 in the perovskite precursor solution to prevent SnIV formation. Nevertheless, the working mechanism of this additive remains debated. To further elucidate it, we investigate the fluoride chemistry in tin halide perovskites by complementary analytical tools. NMR analysis of the precursor solution discloses a strong preferential affinity of fluoride anions for SnIV over SnII, selectively complexing it as SnF4. Hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy on films shows the lower tendency of SnF4 than SnI4 to get included in the perovskite structure, hence preventing the inclusion of SnIV in the film. Finally, small‐angle X‐ray scattering reveals the strong influence of fluoride on the colloidal chemistry of precursor dispersions, directly affecting perovskite crystallization.
Composition‐Dependent Long‐Term Stability of Mosaic Solid‐Electrolyte Interface for Long‐Life Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Rao Rikka Vallabha , Ranjan Sahu Sumit , Chatterjee Abhijit , Gopalan R. , Sundararajan G. , Prakash Raju
Published: July 2021

The solid‐electrolyte interface (SEI) layer determines the fast charging capability and cycle life of a lithium‐ion battery. In‐depth investigation of the mosaic SEI layer‘s formation, growth, and stability are of utmost importance to obtain a stable electrochemical performance over cycles. We investigate the stability of the mosaic SEI layer during cycling at a high C‐rate (0.5 C). The composition of the SEI layer is governed by the current density‐dependent formation of inorganic and organic compounds. The inorganic compounds rich outer SEI layer and organic compounds rich inner SEI layer formed after the first lithiation helps in preventing SEI breakdown and growth during cycling. The SEI layer densifies during cycling as a result of the decomposition of the entrapped electrolyte. The composition‐dependent stability of the mosaic SEI layer stability opens up new possibilities for extending the cycle life of lithium‐ion batteries.
Sustainable product attributes and firm performance: The moderating role of marketing resource intensity
Authors: Ullah Zeeshan
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to study the performance implications of sustainable product attributes (SPA) of US manufacturing firms. Specifically, it analyzes the influence of aggregate and disaggregated SPA on firm profitability. The study further explores the moderating influence of marketing resource intensity on aggregate and disaggregated SPA and firm profitability relationships. The fixed‐effect regression analysis of 433 US manufacturing firms' panel dataset reveals that aggregate and disaggregated SPA positively influence the firm profitability. The moderation analysis also confirms the positive influence of marketing resource intensity on aggregate and disaggregated SPA and firm profitability relationship. The current paper contributes to the triple‐bottom‐line and theory‐of‐the‐firm literature streams by empirically studying the influence of aggregate and disaggregated SPA on firm profitability. Furthermore, this study uses the resource‐based view to complement theory‐of‐the‐firm model of SPA and empirically study the moderating role of marketing resource intensity between aggregate and disaggregated SPA and firm profitability. Finally, the findings inform the managers of the increased firm profitability by aggregate and disaggregated SPA, and the pivotal role of marketing resource intensity in strengthening the positive influence of aggregate and disaggregated SPA on US manufacturing firms' profitability.
Probing the Role of Chirality in Phospholipid Membranes
Authors: Martin Hannah S. , Podolsky Kira A. , Devaraj Neal K.
Published: July 2021

Nucleotides, amino acids, sugars, and lipids are almost ubiquitously homochiral within individual cells on Earth. While oligonucleotides and proteins exist as one natural chirality throughout the tree of life, two stereoisomers of phospholipids have separately emerged in archaea and bacteria, an evolutionary divergence known as “the lipid divide”. Within this review, we focus on the emergence of phospholipid homochirality and compare the stability of synthetic homochiral and heterochiral membranes in vitro. We discuss chemical probes designed to study the stereospecific interactions of lipid membranes in vitro. Overall, we aim to highlight studies that help elucidate the determinants of stereospecific interactions between lipids, peptides, and small molecule ligands. Continued work in understanding the drivers of favorable interactions between chiral molecules and biological membranes will lead to the design of increasingly selective chemical tools for bioorthogonal labeling of lipid membranes and safer membrane‐associating pharmaceuticals.
Coronary perforation during insertion of a long stent in a severely calcified lesion
Authors: Murasato Yoshinobu , Meno Kyohei , Mori Takahiro , Takenaka Katsuhiko
Published: July 2021

We reported a case that the insertion of a 48‐mm‐long stent in a calcified coronary lesion after rotational atherectomy led to stent stacking and S‐shaped flection, resulting in longitudinal coronary perforation without stent inflation. Its flexibility and length pose a possible risk of deformation inside the vessel during stent insertion.
Endocarditis‐induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura mimicking preeclampsia: A case report
Authors: Issa Abdulmoez , Kouli Moudar , Awwameh Randa , Alasadi Lugien , Alrstom Ali , Arssan Alshadid Omar , Alsuliman Tamim , Sulaiman Ameen
Published: July 2021

TTP, Preeclampsia have similar manifestations in pregnancy. Establishing the right diagnosis is essential as the treatment is different. Endocarditis‐induced TTP should be suspected when neurological symptoms, thrombocytopenia are present.
Clinical patterns of endothelial damage and thrombotic events in two patients with COVID‐19: A case report
Authors: Moghimi Minoosh , Khodadadi Kasra , Sarvandi Mehdi
Published: July 2021

Endotheliopathy causes COVID‐19 conflicting complications.
Immediate aortic dissection after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Rujirachun Pongprueth , Junyavoraluk Apichaya , Jakrapanichakul Decho , Wongpraparut Nattawut , Chunhamaneewat Narathip , Maneesai Adisak , Sakiyalak Pranya
Published: July 2021

‐Aortic dissection of descending aorta was detected by intraoperative TEE in a case of 67‐year‐old man with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis after TAVR.

‐Transesophageal echocardiogram after TAVR procedure is helpful to detect this rare complication.
Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome with macroglossia as the most significant manifestation: A case report
Authors: Lamfoon Shatha , Abuzinada Sondos , Yamani Ahmad , Binmadi Nada
Published: July 2021

Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome is a complex multisystem disorder that requires collaboration of medical and dental teamfor its diagnosis and management. We present a dental overview and an update of the clinical and molecular diagnoses of Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome and its management with emphasis on macroglossia.
In Situ Characterization and Phase‐Filed Modeling of the Interaction between Dendrites and Gas Bubbles during an Electrochemical Process
Authors: Gao Li Ting , Huang Pingyuan , Feng Jiemin , Zhu Ruidie , Guo Zhan‐Sheng
Published: July 2021

The extrusion of dendrites and gas bubbles can lead to the appearance of dead lithium, which seriously reduces the coulomb efficiency, hindering the rapid development of high‐energy batteries. Therefore, it is very important to study the internal mechanism of the interaction between lithium dendrites and gas bubbles during electrochemical processes. In this paper, we have designed and developed a special in situ observation device for investigating the dendrite behavior. We also modified the phase‐field model to study the growth of lithium dendrites on the electrode with bubbles. The cantilever beam theory was applied to study the interaction between lithium dendrites and gas bubbles. The observed effects comprise the coalescence of gas bubbles, changing of lithium‐ion transport path on graphite electrode surface near the gas bubble, and bending of dendrites in front of the bubble. The local variation in the lithiation speed can be attributed to the insulating properties of the gas bubbles. Phase‐field simulation results of the interaction between dendrites and gas bubbles were consistent with the experimental results. A deeper insight into the gas‐bubble behaviors during dendrite growth with the presented simulation and experiment techniques becomes possible, which could be helpful to choose an appropriate structural design for reducing bubbles and lithium dendrites.
Syntheses, Structures, Reactivities, and Basicities of Quinolinyl and Isoquinolinyl Complexes of an Electron Rich Chiral Rhenium Fragment and Their Electrophilic Addition Products
Authors: Castillo Molina Dante A. , Wititsuwannakul Taveechai , Hampel Frank , Hall Michael B. , Gladysz John A.
Published: July 2021

Reactions of Li+ [(η5‐C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)]− with 2‐ and 4‐chloroquinoline or 1‐chloroisoquinoline give the corresponding σ quinolinyl and isoquinolinyl complexes 3, 6, and 8. With 3 and 8 there is further protonation to yield HCl adducts, but additions of KH give the free bases. Treatment of 3 with HBF4⋅OEt2 or H(OEt2)2+ BArf− gives the quinolinium salts [(η5‐C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(C(NH)C(CH)4C(CH)(CH))]+ X− (3‐H+ X−; X−=BF4−/BArf−, 94–98 %). Addition of CF3SO3CH3 to 3, 6, or 8 affords the corresponding N‐methyl quinolinium salts. In the case of [(η5‐C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(C(NCH3)C(CH)4C(CH)(CH))]+ CF3SO3− (3‐CH3+ CF3SO3−), addition of CH3Li gives the dihydroquinolinium complex (SReRC,RReSC)‐[(η5‐C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(C(NCH3)C(CH)4C(CHCH3)(CH2))]+ CF3SO3− ((SReRC,RReSC)‐5+ CF3SO3−, 76 %) in diastereomerically pure form. Crystal structures of 3‐H+ BArf−, 3‐CH3+ CF3SO3−, (SReRC, RReSC)‐5+ Cl−, and 6‐CH3+ CF3SO3− show that the quinolinium ligands adopt Re⋅⋅⋅C conformations that maximize overlap of their acceptor orbitals with the rhenium fragment HOMO, minimize steric interactions with the bulky PPh3 ligand, and promote various π interactions. NMR experiments establish the Brønsted basicity order 3>8>6, with Ka(BH+) values >10 orders of magnitude greater than the parent heterocycles, although they remain less active nucleophilic catalysts in the reactions tested. DFT calculations provide additional insights regarding Re⋅⋅⋅C bonding and conformations, basicities, and the stereochemistry of CH3Li addition.
Radicals and Anions of Siloles and Germoles
Authors: Reinhold Crispin R. W. , Schmidtmann Marc , Tumanskii Boris , Müller Thomas
Published: July 2021

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Thomas Müller at the University of Oldenburg. The image shows the calculated spin distribution of a persistent silacyclopentadienyl radical. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202101415.
Phosphorus Use Trends to Inform 4R Nutrient Stewardship and Reducing Losses from Cropland
Authors: Jones John D.
Published: July 2021

Phosphorus (P) loss pathways should be considered in the context of how management strategies interact with soil and field characteristics. Investigations of P use, soil test P, and P use efficiency have provided some help in navigating through the plight of reducing P losses while maintaining profitable yield levels. The extent to which tillage practices and cover crops are utilized should inform P management strategies and how agronomic, economic, and environmental success are attained. Earn 1 CEU in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/1007.
Making Hemp a 21st Century Commodity in Oregon—and Beyond
Authors: Steiner Jeffrey
Published: July 2021

With passage of the 2018 farm bill, hemp has been re‐established as a legal crop, and with that has come a resurgent enthusiasm for its production. The Global Hemp Innovation Center (GHIC) was launched in June of 2019 as the largest and most comprehensive hemp research center in the nation. Since its launch, the GHIC has been busy engaging the many industry sectors that touch on all aspects of hemp supply chains and organizing faculty around these sectors to help solve the challenges hemp faces to become a 21st century commodity. Following are general observations about hemp specifically grown in Oregon but with reference to production elsewhere. Earn 1.5 CEUs in Crop Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/996.
RPL rank based‐attack mitigation scheme in IoT environment
Authors: Boudouaia Mohammed Amine , Abouaissa Abdelhafıd , Ali‐Pacha Adda , Benayache Ayoub , Lorenz Pascal
Published: July 2021

Due to the new technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT), connected objects have become smart interactive devices. However, despite their imminent advantages, whether for the daily life of users or in professional contexts, and the various security solutions proposed in literature in particular, the security of IoT networks is still a paramount issue given to the amount of confidential data that circulates through these technologies. In other words, among the IoT protocols that suffer from security issues, routing protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL) is considered to be one of the most widely used protocols in the deployment of constrained IoT networks with limited resources (storage and energy constraints for example). On this basis, this article investigates in the first part a security flaw in the RPL protocol by carrying out an attack against the rank value of the RPL in an IoT environment. In the second part, a mitigation scheme to avoid it using a trust threshold is proposed. The malicious behavior of the attack and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme were assessed by detailed simulations using the Cooja simulator, in terms of successful detection rate, average network hops and global energy consumption. To conclude, a fair comparison between the different simulation results has been adopted using the Friedman statistical test, and a discussion has been presented with some future works concerning security against rank attack.
Dynamics of microglia and dendritic spines in early adolescent cortex after developmental alcohol exposure
Authors: Wong Elissa L. , Strohm Alexandra , Atlas Jason , Lamantia Cassandra , Majewska Ania K.
Published: July 2021

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder patients suffer from many cognitive disabilities. These include impaired auditory, visual, and tactile sensory information processing, making it more difficult for these patients to learn to navigate social scenarios. Rodent studies have shown that alcohol exposure during the brain growth spurt (BGS) can lead to acute neuronal apoptosis and an immunological response by microglia in the somatosensory cortex. Since microglia have critical physiological functions, including the support of excitatory synapse remodeling via interactions with dendritic spines, we sought to understand whether BGS alcohol exposure has long‐term effects on microglial or dendritic spine dynamics. Using in vivo two‐photon microscopy in 4–5 week old mice, we evaluated microglial functions such as process motility, the response to tissue injury, and the dynamics of physical interactions between microglial processes and dendritic spines. We also investigated potential differences in the morphology, density, or dynamics of dendritic spines in layer I/II primary sensory cortex of control and BGS alcohol exposed mice. We found that microglial process motility and contact with dendritic spines were not altered after BGS alcohol exposure. While the response of microglial processes toward tissue injury was not significantly altered by prior alcohol exposure, there was a trend suggesting that alcohol early in life may prime microglia to respond more quickly to secondary injury. Spine density, morphology, stability, and remodeling over time were not perturbed after BGS alcohol exposure. We demonstrate that after BGS alcohol exposure, the physiological functions of microglia and excitatory neurons remain intact in early adolescence.
Optimal foraging by a large ungulate in an extreme environment: Wild mountain reindeer select snow‐free feeding habitats in winter
Authors: Romtveit Lena , Strand Olav , Mossing Anders , Kastdalen Leif , Hjeltnes Arne W. , Bjerketvedt Dag K. , Odland Arvid , Heggenes Jan
Published: July 2021

Optimal foraging models predict that individual animals will optimize net energy gain by intensifying forage activity and/or reducing forage energy cost. Then, the free distribution model predicts an animal's distribution in a patchy landscape will match the distribution of the resources. If not modified by other factors, such patterns may be expected to be particularly explicit in variable and extreme, forage‐limited, and patchy environments, notably alpine and Arctic environments during winter. The large ungulate wild mountain reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) surviving in such environments is used as a model during the forage‐limited winter season. The largest wild reindeer area in Western Europe (Hardangervidda, 8130 km2) is actively managed to sustain 10,000–12,000 wild reindeer. Since 2001, 104 different individuals have been GPS‐tracked at 3‐hr intervals. In winter, mountain reindeer may either choose to seek out and forage in patchy snow‐free habitats, typically on top of wind‐blown ridges, or use energy‐demanding digging through the snow to reach ground forage (cratering). We use late April satellite data from Landsat 5 and 8 (30 × 30 m), airborne laser scanning subsampling (processed to 1 × 1 m grid), and topographic information (1 m resolution) derived from digital aerial photographs (0.25 × 0.25 m resolution) to delineate snow‐free patches, constituting less than 694 km2. By overlaying recorded wild reindeer GPS positions winters 2001–2017 (188,942 positions), we document a strong positive selection for snow‐free patches, which were used about four times more frequently than expected from a “random walk” model. On a daily basis, the preference for snow‐free areas was slightly stronger in the evenings. In the sustainable management of wild mountain reindeer, the area of snow‐free patches is an important predictor of winter forage availability and important winter source areas. It may be derived from remote sensing data.
Environmental variability affects optimal trade‐offs in ecological immunology
Authors: Kirk Devin , Greischar Megan , Mideo Nicole , Krkošek Martin
Published: July 2021

The costs of mounting and maintaining an immune response lead to trade‐offs with investment in (or maintenance of) other organ systems or functions such as reproduction, as has been observed in several taxa, including birds, insects, and mammals. Given these trade‐offs, optimal strategies can be affected by biotic and abiotic conditions; however, how these trade‐offs are affected by environmental variability remains unclear. Using a deterministic within‐host model of disease dynamics, we analyzed the effect of environmental variability (here, the coefficient of variation in the host’s background survival distribution) on the optimal resolution to a trade‐off between investment in reproduction and the immune system. We found that higher variability led to increased investment in the immune system at the cost of decreased early‐life reproduction when the immune investment strategy was assumed to be constant through life. Since we manipulated the distribution of lifespans while keeping the mean lifespan constant, our results suggest that even the small probability of living far past the mean lifespan for individuals in highly variable environments has a large effect on the optimal investment strategy. When immune investment was able to change over the age of the organism, the optimal investment strategies were again contingent on the level of environmental variability experienced by individuals. Our results support and extend previous work on optimal life‐history theory in variable environments by showing that in the context of ecological immunology, the most fit individuals in constant environments are not the most fit individuals in variable environments. The effects of environmental variability on optimal immune investment are likely to have consequences for other aspects of infectious disease such as transmission dynamics, virulence evolution, and the likelihood of epidemics occurring.
Triacylglycerols and Polar Lipids in Cow and Goat Milk are Differentially Affected by Various Lipid Supplemented Diets
Authors: Fougère Hélène , Delavaud Carole , Le Faouder Pauline , Bertrand‐Michel Justine , Bernard Laurence
Published: July 2021

This study characterizes milk triacylglycerol (TAG) and polar lipid (PL) fractions from cows and goats fed various lipid supplements modulating milk fat content. Twelve Holstein cows and 12 Alpine goats, at 86 ± 24.9 and 61 ± 1.8 days in milk, respectively, are allocated to one of 4 groups to receive diets supplemented with either corn oil [5% dry matter intake (DMI)] plus wheat starch (COS), marine algae powder (MAP; 1.5% DMI) or hydrogenated palm oil (HPO; 3% DMI), or a no‐added‐lipid control diet (CTL), according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 28 d experimental periods. Milk TAG and PL contents are determined by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Multivariate analysis and ANOVA demonstrate major between‐species differences in diet effects. In cows, COS specifically increases TAG 54:3 and 54:4 associated with milk fat depression (MFD), and increases the sum of phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylinositols (PI). In addition to causing a MFD, MAP diet increases long‐chain polyunsaturated TAG in both species, with higher magnitude in cows than in goats, and decreases the sum of PI in goats. HPO increases TAG 52:1 and the sum of PI in cows, but not in goats.

Practical applications: Feed strategies can quickly and efficiently modulate the ruminant milk fat production and composition to improve nutritional quality for consumers. Certain starch‐rich diets supplemented with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)‐rich vegetable oils and diets supplemented with marine products (long‐chain PUFA) reduce milk fat secretion and modify the milk fatty acid (FA) profile in cows, but not—or less so—in goats. Advanced analysis of both the TAG and PL fractions of milk fat is required to unravel these differences in lipid metabolism between cows and goats fed various lipid‐supplemented diets. This study brings new insight on using nutritional strategies to control milk lipid composition according to ruminant species.
PdRu/CNTs synthesized by microwave‐assisted method for high stable acidic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Qin Yingnan , Wang Zuochao , Fu Ziqi , Lai Jianping , Wang Lei
Published: July 2021

It is the most efficient way to solve the sluggish kinetics of anodic oxygen evolution reaction during water electrolysis and realize rapid high‐purity hydrogen production by designing high performance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Herein, we have designed a series of PdRu nanoparticles‐modified carbon nanotubes (PdRu/CNTs) by rapid solvent‐free microwave‐assisted method. In this process, CNTs were chosen as the substrate because of its highly stable structure and fast electron transfer. What's more, Pd and Ru have formed a PdRu alloy and occurred partial oxidation based on the analysis of X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectra spectrums. Through the regulation of composition, Pd69Ru31/CNTs exhibit excellent OER performance in 0.1 M HClO4 with a lowest overpotential of 225 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2. In the meanwhile, the current density of Pd69Ru31/CNTs was almost unchanged after 10 h i‐t test, and the overpotential only occurred to 10 mV positive shift after 5000 testing cycles. This work provides a feasible way to design high performance Pd‐based OER catalysts.
A one‐dimensionalCd‐Eucoordination polymer with open‐chain ether Schiff base ligand and 4,4′‐bipyridine: Synthesis, structure, luminescence property, and antioxidation activities
Authors: Dong Jianping , Li Ruixue , Jiang Yuxuan , Sun Fugang , Qu Yao , Wu Huilu
Published: July 2021

A new Cd‐Eu coordination polymer (CP) with open‐chain ether Schiff base ligand bis(3‐methoxysalicylidene)‐3‐oxapentane‐1,5‐diamine (H2L) and 4,4′‐bipyridine (bipy), with composition [CdEuL(bipy)(NO3)3]n, has been synthesized by interfacial diffusion method and further performed structural characterization. The structure analysis revealed that Cd‐Eu CP is an infinite one‐dimensional zigzag coordination polymer formed by CdEuL secondary units through symmetrical coordination bridging bipy. Luminescence property of the Cd‐Eu CP in solid state was also studied. It has been found that the emission spectra of the Cd‐Eu CP exhibit corresponding Eu(III) ion characteristic emission peaks. Antioxidation activities of the ligand and the Cd‐Eu CP were also studied, showing that the antioxidant activities of the Cd‐Eu CP were better than that of H2L. All provide an irreplaceable reference for the study of the properties of one‐dimensional chain d–f coordination polymers.