bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syrian provinces of the Ottoman Empire in the focus of Russian diplomacy and intelligence (1831-1840)
Authors: Жантиев Д.Р.
Published: December 2023

В статье рассматривается деятельность русских военных разведчиков и дипломатов в сирийских провинциях Османской империи в период оккупации османской Сирии войсками египетского наместника Мухаммада Али-паши (1831-1840). В фокусе исследования – поездки в Сирию в 1830-е гг. российского генерального консула в Египте А. О. Дюгамеля, полковника П. П. Львова, капитана И. О. Дайнезе, а также ранний период деятельности российского консула в Беруте К. М. Базили. Представленные ими сведения о состоянии дел в Сирии указывают то, что император Николай I и правительство Российской империи обращали пристальное внимание на ситуацию в сирийских провинциях Османской империи и придавали Сирии важное стратегическое значение. На случай развала Османской империи под ударами Мухаммада Али-паши Николай I допускал возможность направления войск в Сирию под лозунгом защиты местных православных христиан в целях недопущения аналогичных односторонних действий Великобритании и Франции. Данный замысел прорабатывался вплоть до завершения Второго египетского кризиса (1839-1841) и возвращения Сирии под власть османского правительства. Кроме того, направление в сирийские провинции Османской империи опытных российских разведчиков и дипломатов положило начало научному изучению Сирии в российском практическом востоковедении.

The article deals with the activities of Russian military intelligence officers and diplomats in the Syrian provinces of the Ottoman Empire during the occupation of Ottoman Syria by the troops of the Egyptian governor Muhammad Ali Pasha (1831-1840). The focus of the study is trips to Syria in the 1830s. made by Russian Consul General in Egypt A. O. Dugamel, Colonel P. P. Lvov, Captain I. O. Dainese, as well as the early period of activity of the Russian Consul in Berut K. M. Bazili. The information they provided on the situation in Syria indicates that Emperor Nicholas I and the government of the Russian Empire paid close attention to the Syrian provinces of the Ottoman Empire and attached great strategic importance to Syria. In the event of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire under the blows of Muhammad Ali Pasha’s army, Nicholas I admitted the possibility of sending troops to Syria under the slogan of protecting local Orthodox Christians to prevent similar unilateral actions by Great Britain and France. This plan was worked out until the end of the Second Egyptian Crisis (1839-1841) and the return of Syria under the rule of the Ottoman government. In addition, sending experienced Russian intelligence officers and diplomats to the Syrian provinces of the Ottoman Empire on important missions marked the beginning of the scientific study of Syria in Russian practical oriental studies.
K.D. Petkovich: «Russia has significant interests in Syria…». Quarter of a century as the Consul General in Beyrouth (1869–1896)
Authors: Копоть Е.М.
Published: December 2023

В отечественной историографии К.Д. Петкович представлен как выдающийся дипломат и исследователь Ближнего Востока. Привлечение документов Российского государственного исторического архива, Архива внешней политики Российской империи, Российского государственного военно-исторического архива, Отдела рукописей РНБ, хронологически охватывающих весь период службы К.Д. Петковича в Бейруте (1869–1896), позволяет существенно дополнить эту характеристику, осветив основные проблемы российской консульской службы в Большой Сирии. К.Д. Петкович происходил из богатого болгарского рода, что предопределило его взгляд на греко-арабский конфликт. Он не имел востоковедной подготовки, но при этом за 27 лет пребывания на своем посту не проявил интереса к изучению арабского языка. На протяжении долгого времени К.Д. Петкович не посещал внутренние районы страны, проводя практически все время в Бейруте и Ливане. С течением времени генеральный консул полностью оказался в руках своих драгоманов из семьи Шахаде. Социальное положение действительного статского советника выражалось в надменном характере отношений к русским подданным и дистанцированию от местного населения. Дипломатическая деятельность К.Д. Петковича носила на себе отпечаток этнического и социального происхождения, а также была подвержена негативному влиянию института драгоманов.

In Russian historiography K.D. Petkovich is presented as an outstanding diplomat and explorer of the Middle East. Involvement of The Russian State Historical Archive, The Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Empire, The Russian State Military Historical Archive, The Department of Manuscripts of the National Library of Russia documents chronologically covering the entire K.D. Petkovich period of service in Beirut (1869-1896) whichmakes it possible to significantly supplement this characterization by highlighting the main problems of the Russian consular service in Greater Syria. K.D. Petkovich came from a wealthy Bulgarian family, which predetermined his view of the Greco-Arab conflict. He had no training in oriental studies, but at the same time, during his 27 years in office, he showed no interest in learning the Arabic language. For a long time K.D. Petkovich did not visit the interior of the country, spending almost all his time in Beirut and Lebanon. Over time, the Consul General found himself completely in the hands of his dragomans from the Shahade family. The social position of a real state councilor was expressed in the arrogant nature of relations with Russian subjects and distancing from the local population. K.D. Petkovich diplomatic activity bore the imprint of the ethnic and social origin, and was also subject to the negative influence of the institute of the dragomanate.
By Order of the Tsar and with the Blessing of the Patriarch: Hieromonk Arseny in the Middle East
Authors: Кириллина С.А.
Published: December 2023

В 1649 г. по распоряжению царя Алексея Михайловича и по благословению патриарха Московского Иосифа настоятель московского Богоявленского монастыря иеромонах Арсений Суханов (ок. 1600–1668) был направлен на Ближний Восток, совершил хождение в Святую Землю и вернулся домой в 1653 г. Возложенное на него государем и первоиерархом Русской Православной Церкви ответственное поручение детально ознакомиться с греческой обрядовой практикой он исполнил успешно. Итогом этого странствия стал «Проскинитарий» («Поклонник»), шедевр русской путевой литературы, обладающий неоспоримой историко-культурной ценностью. В нем паломник-писатель представил свое индивидуальное видение самобытного этноконфессионального мира Османской империи. Особый блок «Проскинитария» составляет собранная иеромонахом Арсением информация военно-стратегического характера. Как благочестивый христианин Арсений Суханов искренне радел за «истинную веру», а как царский посол он неуклонно отстаивал российские государственные и церковные интересы и защищал честь Родины.

In 1649, the actual head of the Epiphany Monastery in Moscow, Hieromonk Arseny Sukhanov (c. 1600–1668) was sent to the Middle East and made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land by order of the Tsar Aleksey Mikhailovcih and with the blessing of Patriarch Joseph of Moscow. During his travels, which lasted until 1653, he successfully fulfilled the task to learn more about the Greek Orthodox ritual practice. This important mission was entrusted to him by the Russian Sovereign and the First Hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church. This journey is described in his book entitled «Proskinitarium» («Pilgrimage Guide»), a masterpiece of Russian travel literature, which has an indisputable historical and cultural value. The ethno-confessional world of the Ottoman Empire, as it is presented by the pilgrim-writer, is vibrant, diverse, and multicultural. «Proskinitarium» also includes a valuable information of military and strategic nature. As a pious Christian, Arseny Sukhanov stood up for the «true faith», and as a Tsar’s envoy, he persistently defended Russian State and Church interests and protected the honor of his Motherland.
Pengaruh Kegiatan Marketing Public Relations “Saturday Barbeque Night” Terhadap Pembentukan Citra Swiss Bel Inn Hotel Karawang
Authors: Abidin Zainal , Nursanti Siti , Hakim H. Lukmanul , Saragih Putri Uli Handayani Br.
Published: December 2023

Berawal dari ketertarikan peneliti untuk mengangkat bagaimana Swiss Bel Inn membentuk citranya dengan menggunakan kegiatan marketing public relations. Kegiatan marketing public relations yang diangkat oleh Swiss Bel Inn ini berbentuk special event berjudul Saturday Barbeque Night yang diadakan secara rutin oleh Swiss Bel Inn Karawang pada Sabtu malam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kegiatan Marketing Public Relations berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan citra perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekaatan kuantitatif dengan analisis data path analysis dengan dukungan dari teori Integrated Marketing Communication. Teori Integrated Marketing Communications adalah teori yang menerangkan bahwa terdapat strategi dalam proses bisnis yaitu seputar membuat perencanaan, pembangunan, pengeksekusian, dan pengevaluasian pelaksanaan program komunikasi merek yang terkordinasi pada konsumen, pelanggan, atau sasaran lain yang relevan dengan audiens ekternal dan internal. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa bentuk, isi dan frekuensi kegiatan marketing public relations yang dilakukan oleh Swiss Bel Inn Karawang yaitu special event Saturday Barbeque Night berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan citra Swiss Bel Inn Karawang bagi responden dilihat dari segi presepsi, kognisi, afeksi serta motivasi.Kata Kunci: Marketing Humas, Event, Citra
Representasi Bandung TV Sebagai Media Pelestari Budaya Sunda Melalui Program Tayangan Bentang Parahyangan
Authors: Sariwaty Syaripudin Yulia , Retnasary Maya , Arief Basuki Mukhamad
Published: December 2023

Bentang Parahyangan merupakan acara musik pop Sunda di Bandung TV, yang dibuat sebagai apresiasi terhadap seniman Jawa Barat, khususnya seniman Sunda. Melalui program acara Bentang Parahyangan diharapkan masyarakat dapat turut serta melestarikan dan mengembangkan potensi budaya Sunda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis program acara Bentang Parahyangan sebagai media pelestari budaya Sunda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi naratif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukan, program acara Bentang Parahyangan menjembatani eksistensi para budayawan Sunda dalam upaya melestarikan adat tradisi melalui bahasa, pakaian adat dan perkembangan musik pop Sunda, serta sebagai media edukasi mengenai kebudayaan Sunda.
How Constructive Journalism Helps the Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Awanila Lulu , Rubbah Nabila Zummrah , Rizki Nurul Amalia
Published: December 2023

UMKM memiliki peran yang penting untuk menopang perekonomian di Indonesia dan merupakan pernggerak pertembuhuhan aktivitas ekonomi nasional.Disisi lain, peran UMKM juga sangat penting karena mampu mengembangkan perdagangan, mengurangi kemiskinan dan membuka lapangan pekerjaan. Namun sayangnya belum banyak UMKM yang mampu mengenalkan produknya kepada masyarakat luas. Untuk itu, dari sinilah peran jurnalisme dibutuhkan untuk membantu para pengusaha menyalurkan hasil usahanya. Untuk menganalisis kami menggunakan metode data dengan mewawancari secara lamgsung beberapa narasumber dibidang jurnalisme dan pengusaha. Penelitian ini telah membuktikan bahwa jurnalisme dapat membantu pengusaha dalam hal disini yang dimaksud adalah UMKM dalam mengembangkan usahanya dan membantu UMKM dalam mencapai tujuannya.

MSMEs have an important role to support the economy in Indonesia and are the driving force for the growth of national economic activity. On the other hand, the role of MSMEs is also very important because they are able to develop trade, reduce poverty and create jobs. But unfortunately not many MSMEs are able to introduce their products to the wider community. For this reason, this is where the role of journalism is needed to help entrepreneurs distribute their business results. To analyze we used the data method by directly interviewing several sources in the field of journalism and entrepreneurs. This research has proven that journalism can help entrepreneurs, in this case what is meant here is MSMEs in developing their businesses and helping MSMEs in achieving their goals.
Substantiation of the "Horticultural therapy" method for the correction and prevention of deviant behavior
Authors: Peskov Vadim , Kuzevanov Viktor
Published: December 2023

The problems of correction and prevention of deviant behaviour are one of the main issues and challenges for modern society. Such deviant behaviour as aggression, drug addiction, crime, sexual deviation and other antisocial manifestations has a negative impact on various spheres of people's lives, including family, education, work and society as a whole. Various pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical approaches are examined to manage or reduce deviant behaviour. The purpose of this research, based on our own findings, as well as on a number of results of national and foreign experience, is to substantiate the possibility of wider application of "Horticultural therapy" as an interdisciplinary non-pharmacological method of correction and prevention of deviant behaviour. The authors based their research on the methods of interdisciplinary studies at the intersection of biology, botany, social sciences and psychology, as well as on the study of the experience of "Horticultural therapy" in more than 200 botanical gardens and their analogues in 32 countries of the world, the practice of application to children and adolescents requiring special methods of upbringing, as well as convicted persons detained in the institutions of the Federal Service for the Execution of Punishments. Research results and practical experience revealed that "Horticultural therapy" as a non-pharmacological method has a significant potential in working with persons with deviant behaviour. Its applicability is due to the fact that regular participation in special horticultural sessions contributes to the development of skills to overcome stress, cope with life challenges, strengthens self-regulation and self-control skills, develops patience, diligence and constancy. This enables participants to develop disciplined and responsible behaviour, communication skills and abilities to cooperate, skills of constructive social interaction. The possibility of applying "Horticultural therapy" for people with special causes of deviant behaviour, including participants and veterans of war, and members of their families, is substantiated. The authors make a conclusion about the perspectives and possibility of its use for adaptation and rehabilitation of this category of persons, who are assisted in finding positive and healthy ways to cope with post-traumatic and life challenges.
Implementation of information systems for regional management to ensure post-war economic recovery in Ukraine
Authors: Bоhuslаvskа Svitlana
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation of information systems in regional management to ensure post-war economic recovery in Ukraine. The systematic approach, as well as methods of hierarchy analysis, economic and program-target forecasting, abstract-logical, and monographic are used. The article identifies five main groups of information systems that currently used in Ukraine. The advantages of the cartographic method over methods of presenting results and modeling in information systems of regional management agencies are substantiated. The article identifies shortcomings and limitations of existing regional management information systems that hinder the effective functioning of regional management bodies. A mechanism for the creation of a regional information system is developed and visualized. This mechanism, in particular, allows the collection, analysis, and synthesis of data obtained from regional management bodies and local self-government. The need for the establishment of a situation center to organize and coordinate the implementation and functioning of the regional information system is justified. Conditions for the development and implementation of monitoring and management information systems at the regional level are determined. Ways of cooperation between regional management bodies and business structures, state enterprises, and organizations in the process of creating a unified information system are outlined. The advantages of implementing a regional program for the creation of a regional management information system are substantiated. The measures of such a program are defined. The necessity of the creation the unified cartographic regional environment was substantiated. This process predict using electronic topographic maps of all territories developed based on ground observations, aviation, and other types of survey. Such approach ensure the collection, processing, and use of various types of data based on a single regional situation center reflecting the security and development of the region as well as modernization the information support of regional management processes.
Priorities and movement vectors for further development of the foreign exchange market of Ukraine
Authors: Boldova Antonina
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Ukraine continues to work on strengthening the role, importance and participation in European integration processes, improving the image of the national currency and stabilizing its exchange rate. In order to continue to be a participant in international trade operations, it is necessary to continue to form an effective foreign exchange market, because its normal functioning is an important component of the further development of the economy of Ukraine. Even under difficult modern conditions, international financial activity remains an important factor that determines the development of the currency market of Ukraine today and affects the ecosystem. Only thanks to external support, it is possible to stabilize and balance the currency market in the country.
Purpose. The purpose of this article is an attempt to analyze the current state of the foreign exchange market of Ukraine in order to identify the main priorities and movement vectors for the further development of currency policy, in particular in the field of exchange rate regulation and to determine the main criteria for choosing the most appropriate currency regulation regime at this stage.
Methodology. In the process of work, methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and comparison, and scientific abstraction were used.
Results. This article summarizes some analytical data on the peculiarities of the current state of the currency market of Ukraine as a component of international economic relations and the impact of the war on it and a number of negative factors caused by it. The article also highlights a number of problems of both stabilization and development of the foreign exchange market of Ukraine and describes the policy of the National Bank of Ukraine to overcome them and outlines the ways to international cooperation and support as a key aspect of overcoming modern threats in the specified sphere. The article also recommends ways to develop the foreign exchange market and provides certain measures to eliminate existing threats in view of state policy and the work of relevant financial institutions. It also outlines the activities of the mono-regulator in the field of international cooperation with financial institutions and institutions with the aim of establishing support for the world and international financial institutions for the regulation of the foreign exchange market according to all key criteria of its development.
The Red Army's Offensive in the Sychevsky Direction
during Operation «Mars»
Authors: Ivanova Olga
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the offensive of the Red Army in the Sychev direction during Operation «Mars» in November-December 1942.

This offensive was one of the bloodiest battles among all the private diversionary battles of Operation «Mars». It was here, northeast of Sychevka, that the troops of the 20th Army, focusing on the mass use of tanks reduced to tank corps, tried to cut the Sychevka-Rzhev railway, which would inevitably lead to the fall of

Rzhev. However, the enemy, who had guessed the plan of the Soviet command, took serious measures to organize anti-tank defence, for the first time applied new effective means of combating Soviet tanks. This allowed him to achieve superiority over the Soviet tank corps, which tried in vain to break through the heavily fortified German positions. The positional deadlock formed near Sychevka became victorious for the enemy (he defended Sychevka and the railway to Rzhev).

For the Red Army, the battles near Sychevka turned into great losses. Tactically, the troops of the 20th Army did not achieve their goal and did not fulfill their combat mission. However, operationally, they fought fierce battles exhausting the enemy throughout the operation, requiring constant reinforcements from him.

As a result of Operation «Mars», the Red Army shackled huge enemy forces, including reserves that never fell under Stalingrad. In this regard, she successfully fulfilled her strategic task, contributing to the defeat of the Germans on the Volga.
The Role of Indirect Communication in Forming the Image of the Bank: Working with Negative Customer Feedback
Authors: Botsoroga Karolina , Terskikh Marina
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the consideration of tools for positioning banking services, analysis of the structure of response to a negative customer review, systematization of ways to resolve a conflict situation and strengthening a positive image of the organization in the minds of the target audience. Particular attention is paid to the typology of strategies and tactics aimed at resolving a conflict that caused a negative feedback from a client. The material of the study was advertising and PR texts initiated by Pochta Bank (2016–2022), as well as texts of customer reviews of Pochta Bank and responses from employees of the bank in question on the Banki.ru portal (more than 500 messages).

When analyzing the material, the following methods were used: descriptive-analytical method; classification method, comparative analysis, content analysis; conceptual analysis. The study showed that through advertising and PR activitie Pochta Bank seeks to form the following image-forming (positioning) categories in the minds of the target audience: accessibility, profitability, reliability, stability of financial services provided, social orientation of the bank.

As a result of analyzing the responses of bank employees, the authors came to the conclusion that when resolving conflict situations, Pochta Bank does not use neutral (ignoring, silence, silence) and destructive (pressure, demands, refusal, indignation) strategies. The following communication strategies and tactics

are in the arsenal of bank employees: strategy of accession (tactics of consent,concession, attracting attention); cooperation strategy (tactics of sympathy, support, persuasion, suggestions, consent); compromise strategy (tactics of persuasion, consent, encouragement).
Legends about Prusian Cities
Authors: Kulakov Vladimir
Published: December 2023

The Prussian settlements contain archaeological information that can be enriched with data from folk legends about these fortified settlements. In the proposed article, several legends of Sambia (the Kaliningrad peninsula of the Kaliningrad region) are selected, the analysis of which allowed us to draw the following conclusions: in the names of the settlements there are rudiments of the Prussian language, which disappeared from local use in the beginning of the 18th century . In the array of legends about the Prussian settlements, some of which arose already in the 17th century, there are several sorts / types of texts. They have both local, Prussian, and external, Germanic origin. Some of the legends of Sambia are an echo of finds made not earlier than the time of the order on the sites of settlements or near them (treasures, individual valuable artifacts, sacrificial stones, etc.). Indirectly, this indicates that the authors of the legends and their narrators reported that the settlements were once the habitats of the local population. All of the above allows us to consider the legends about the Prussian settlements of Sambia as a special, but, nevertheless, interesting and important source of the settlement history of the center of the Prussian tribal area.
Analysis of The Influence of Burnout, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment on Turnover Intention of Electronic Manufacturer Employees in Indonesia
Authors: Ariawan Joko , Budi Akhmad Tarigan  , Ainil Mardiah  , Febri Sari Siahaan  , La Mema Parandy
Published: December 2023

With organizational commitment acting as an intermediary variable in the study's analysis of the relationship between burnout and job satisfaction and intention to leave, employees. Nonprobability sampling methods with saturated sampling types are used in this sampling methodology. Using a Likert scale with five categories, the questionnaire asks for information. The data analysis method employed in this inquiry is the route analysis method. The analysis used in this study includes a validity test, a reliability test, a normality test, a coefficient of determination test, an f-test, a t-test, and a Sobel test to determine the mediating effect. The study's results show that burnout affects organizational commitment, job satisfaction affects organizational commitment, burnout and job satisfaction both affect organizational commitment, burnout affects turnover intention, job satisfaction affects turnover intention, organizational commitment affects turnover intention, and burnout toward work affects organizational commitment.
Comparative Analysis of The Performance of State-Owned and National Private Companies in The Banking Sub-Sector Using the RGEC Model
Authors: Mahdi Mahdi , Ribka Sari Butar-Butar  , Henky Hendrawan  , Merissa Fermica Iskandar  , Imam Hanafi
Published: December 2023

The goal of this study was to evaluate the profitability and soundness of state, national, and foreign private banks using the one-way ANOVA test and analyze the impact of RGEC ratios on profitability using the panel data regression statistical test using the random effect model. Issuers in the banking sub-sector from 2017 to 2022 make up the study's sample. The simultaneous panel data regression results (prob. F of 0.00) show that RGEC ratios have an influence on profitability as proxied by ROA. Partially, the independent variables NPL, PDN, and GCG have an influence on ROA, while LDR and CAR have no effect on ROA. The results of the one-way ANOVA test show that there are differences in bank profitability and health between state, national, and foreign private banks. Post-hoc analysis shows that state banks have better profitability than national and foreign private banks.
Peluang dan Tantangan Pengelolaan Sekolah Islam Terpadu: Perspektif Total Quality Management
Authors: Rustandi Feri , Nova Ismawati  , Gozali
Published: December 2023

Perkembangan Sekolah Islam Terpadu sejak mulai berdirinya tahun 2003 terlihat sangat progres, tercatat per tahun 2023 berjumlah 2.460 sekolah yang tersebar di seluruh provinsi Indonesia. artinya animo peminatnya cukup banyak terutama di kalangan masyarakat muslim perkotaan. Sekolah Islam Terpadu menawarkan warna tersendiri bagi Pendidikan di Indonesia yaitu mengintegrasikan kurikulum nasional dengan kurikulum agama sehingga memunculkan kekhasan tersendiri dan menghadirkan konsep Pendidikan yang holistik yang selama ini orang harapkan tidak ada dikotomi Pendidikan (ilmu umum dan ilmu agama).
Tujuan penelitian ini ingin mengetahui dan menganalisis terkait tantangan dan peluang dalam pengelolaan Sekolah Islam Terpadu perspektif Total Quality Management. Melalui kajian Pustaka yang cermat peneliti melakukan analisis deskriptif dan menemukan apa saja peluang dan tantangannya, dan dikaji melalui konsep Total Quality Management terutama Implementasi dalam bidang Pendidikan. Ditemukan peluang yang paling fundamental adalah konsep pendidikan terpadu bukan lagi sebagai alternatif tapi jadi prioritas bagi sebagian orang dan SIT dengan konsep boarding school diminati dan menjangkau pasar yang lebih luas antar daerah . Sedangkan tantangannya adalah biaya sekolah tinggi dibanding sekolah umum dan regulasi pemerintah dan tantangan zaman selalu berubah dan dinamis.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF INHIBITIONED RAPSE OIL FOR PROTECTION OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN THE PRESENCE OF SULFUR DIOXIDE IN THE ATMOSPHERE
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute for Usе machinery and Petroleum products in Agriculture, Knyazeva Larisa
Published: December 2023

Sulfur dioxide, present in the atmospheres of agricultural production, is an active stimulator of corrosion processes. We studied the protective effectiveness of compositions based on rapeseed oil (RM) and Emulgin as a corrosion inhibitor (CI) in the corrosion of carbon steel St3 in a 0.5 M NaCl solution in equilibrium with sulfur dioxide depending on the exposure time of the electrodes in the working environment. Model atmospheres were created in sealed plastic containers. The initial concentration of sulfur dioxide in the range from 0.1 to 10 vol.%, the ratio of the volumes of the gas and liquid phases, equal to 1.4 were chosen. It has been established from viscosity-temperature curves that Emulgin has a thickening effect in relation to PM, due to the formation of micellar structures. It has been established that the mass transfer of moisture through the oil films of RM with Emulgin increases with an increase in the SO2 concentration and the duration of the experiment and decreases with an increase in the Emulgin concentration. The corrosion rate of carbon steel in the gas and liquid phases increases with an increase in the initial concentration of sulfur dioxide in the air. It has been established that films of non-inhibited PM provide the protective effectiveness of carbon steel in a 0.5 M NaCl solution in equilibrium with the gas phase, containing up to 0.001 vol.% sulfur dioxide, in 92-93%. 7 - 10 wt.% Emulgin, it is advisable to introduce into the protective film at an equilibrium concentration of sulfur dioxide in the gas phase of more than 0.001 vol. %.
INCREASING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE BOILER BY OPTIMIZING THE OPERATION OF THE GAS BURNER
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute for Use of Machinery and Petroleum Products in Agriculture, Shuvalov Anatoliy , Mashkov Alexey ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Use of Machinery and Petroleum Products in Agriculture, Popov Mikhail ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Use of Machinery and Petroleum Products in Agriculture
Published: December 2023

The use of natural gas in the heat treatment of feed reduces the cost of livestock products and increases competitiveness in the foreign market. An analysis of various modifications of gas-using digesters with a wide range of performance and design, offered by the foreign market, showed that their common disadvantage is the lack of automatic gas flow control in proportion to the heat flow used to heat the feed to boiling and during boiling. An energy-saving fodder boiler with an automatic gas flow control system in proportion to the consumed heat flow has been developed. The studies were carried out on an experimental sample of a feed boiler, in which an automated gas flow control system based on semiconductor thermoelectric elements acts on the actuator without intermediate output signal amplifiers. The efficiency of the automated energy supply system was studied by experimental studies of the dynamics of gas consumption in the process of thermal processing of feed in automatic and manual modes. It was found that the total gas consumption for the preparation of 100 kg of feed in automatic mode with gas flow control proportional to the consumed heat flow is 1.2 times less than when the boiler is in manual mode. The most optimal mode for saving fuel is provided when setting the gas burner in the initial period of heating up to a power of 14 kW for a digester with a volume of 100 liters. Gas overrun up to 20% occurs for boilers with more powerful gas burners (22 kW).
ON THE ISSUE OF HEAT TREATMENT OF GINGER SEEDS FOR USE IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute for Use of Machinery and Petroleum Products in Agriculture, Filippova Olga , Mashkov Alexey ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Use of Machinery and Petroleum Products in Agriculture, Frolov Alexander ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Use of Machinery and Petroleum Products in Agriculture, Betin Alexander ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Use of Machinery and Petroleum Products in Agriculture
Published: December 2023

Ginger seed (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) is a promising oilseed crop for use in animal husbandry. Ginger seed oil contains a large amount of fatty polyunsaturated acids, which are an indispensable component of nutrition, as they participate in many biochemical reactions of the animal body. The study of the content of fatty acids in ginger seeds after their heat treatment by micronization, which were later used in experimental feeding of dairy cows. An advanced device for heat treatment of grain and beans was used for micronization of seeds. Several processing modes were used depending on the number of halogen lamps included. A study of the quantitative composition of fatty acids in the milk of cows fed with heat-treated ginger seeds was carried out. When using one or two cassettes with halogen lamps during temperature treatment, the ratio of the total amount of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in seed oil does not change significantly. The content of palmitic acid after treatment increased by about 8%, stearic acid – by 3%, linoleic acid – by 2%. The content of oleic acid decreased by 3%, eicosenic acid – by 1%. The feeding of heat–treated ginger seeds to dairy cows as part of the feed mixture did not significantly change the species composition of fatty acids in milk, but contributed to an increase in the amount of some particularly valuable fatty acids for the body - linoleic (1.3 times) and linolenic (2.7 times).
THE IMPACT OF THE WEIGHT OF THE HARVESTER ON THE VERTICAL EFFECTS OF THE WHEELS OF THE COMBINE HARVESTER ON THE SOIL
Authors:   Rosinformagrotekh. Pravdinsky Township, Skorlyakov Victor , Revenko Valery ,   Rosinformagrotekh. Pravdinsky Township
Published: December 2023

With the increase in the throughput of threshers offered on the market of combine harvesters and the expansion of the size range of headers recommended for them, taking into account differences in the bearing capacity of soils in specific farms, it is necessary to make a reasonable choice of the header width, taking into account the transfer of its weight to the soil through the front wheels of the combine. The impact of wheel propellers of combine harvesters on the soil, taking into account various options for their configuration with interchangeable adapters, was considered in the work. A calculation method for assessing the change in the pressure of the wheels of a combine harvester on the soil, depending on the weight characteristics of the recommended headers, is proposed. The essence of the method lies in the set of sequential actions to determine the weight and coordinates of the center of gravity of the selected header and combine, followed by finding the reaction of the supports from their force impact on the wheels. At the same time, additional weight distribution of combines is excluded and it is possible to quickly compare combine harvesters with different headers in terms of the impact of propellers on the soil. Using the developed calculation method, it was found that with an increase in the width of the harvester header from 7 to 9.2 m (accompanied by an increase in its mass by 650 kg), the vertical load on each drive wheel will increase by 6.7%, and the level of maximum pressure on the soil of the movers front axle - by 3.4%. These results were obtained for the option of using the header on the weight, which corresponds to the applied unsupported copying of the field surface. The developed method of express assessment allows solving the problem of a reasonable choice of a combine harvester with the least pressure on the soil, without weighing the combine with a filled hopper in each of the possible configurations with headers.
INVESTIGATION OF QUALITATIVE INDICATORS OF EVALUATION OF DOTTED– NEST SOWING METHOD
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute for Usе Machinery and Petroleum products in Agriculture, Strygin Sergei ,   Tambov State Technical University, Pustovarov Nikita ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Usе Machinery and Petroleum products in Agriculture, Khairullina Sabina ,   Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University, Konkina Victoria ,   Tambov State Technical University, Zavodnov Alexander ,   Tambov State Technical University
Published: December 2023

The key factors influencing the yield are the method of sowing, adherence to the set seeding rate and the accuracy of seed placement on the field surface. One of the promising sowing methods is dotted-nesting, when using it, the distance between seeds in a row initially differs, and the mathematical expectation of this distance is different from zero, which limits the use of the coefficient of variation as an indicator of the quality of the seeder. The purpose of the study is to determine the method for assessing the quality indicators of the operation of the sowing machine with the dotted-nested sowing method. Seeding discs with the following design parameters: the number of holes in the seeding disc - 54 pieces, the number of holes in the group - 3 pieces, the angle between the holes in the group - α=5°, the angle between the groups - β=10° were made for experimental studies. The rotational speed of the sowing disc varied from 15 rpm to 60 rpm. used: General and dynamic coefficients of variation, accuracy was used to determine the criterion for assessing the quality of the dotted-nested method of sowing. When determining the dynamic coefficient of variation, a calculation was made every 200 seeds, which, taking into account the seeding rate (20 pcs./m), corresponds to 10 meters of the path traveled by the sowing unit, the obtained values were compared with the theoretical one (0.355). The accuracy of the dotted-nested sowing method was determined by counting the number of seeds in a group, the distance between seeds and the distance to the next group of seeds. If the number of seeds did not correspond to the specified one (k=3) or the interval between seeds exceeded the standard error, then this group of seeds was rejected. Accuracy was calculated as a percentage of "correct nests" to their total number. The overall coefficient of variation did not exceed 2.9% compared to the theoretical one. However, considering the change in the coefficient of variation in dynamics, we found that the difference between theoretical and experimental reaches a maximum of 3.2% at 15 rpm and 7.9% at 40 rpm. The trend towards an increase in the coefficient of variation and a decrease in the accuracy of dotted-nested sowing with an increase in the frequency of rotation of the sowing disk was observed in all the studied variants.
RELATIONSHIP OF THE QUALITY OF TRIER GRAIN CLEANING WITH OPERATING MODES AND ADJUSTING PARAMETERS
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute for Use of Machinery and Petroleum Products in Agriculture, Tishaninov Nikolai , Anashkin Alexander ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Use of Machinery and Petroleum Products in Agriculture
Published: December 2023

The possibilities of reducing residual grain contamination and technological losses were investigated. The relationships between the qualitative indicators of the trier's operation and the speed of rotation of the cylinder, the parameters of the circulating segment and the setting of the output tray during the experiment with interval evaluation were established. The studies were carried out using a cyclic stand, which ensures the replacement of the traditional spatial physical model with a temporary one and a radical increase in the effectiveness of the experiment. The nature of the change in the process over time and the length of the cellular cylinder, which can be divided into three characteristic sections, has been established. In the first section, the intensity of the release of grains of the main crop increases linearly for all values of the mass of the circulating segment. It was found that the higher the mass of the circulating segment, the lower the initial value of the intensity of the release of grains of the main crop due to the predominance of the dynamic “eating” effect, and the period of stabilization of the process is longer. In the second section, the maximum value of the intensity of the release of grains of the main crop is achieved with circulation in the segment of 4 - 5 layers of grain and the predominance of the effect of inertial retention of the contacting layer. In the third section, the intensity of the release of grains of the main crop decreases parabolically identically for all mass values of the circulating segment at a given rotation frequency of the mesh cylinder and the angular position of the output tray. It has been established that when the rotation speed increases to 35 rpm, the initial contamination of the grain mixture has virtually no effect on the degree of release. The regulated level of technological losses of less than 5% at a tray installation angle of 40° is ensured by a high-speed operating mode of 40 rpm. The intensity of the emission of impurity particles into the output tray is proportional to the initial contamination of the grain mixture and the time of movement of the segment along the mesh cylinder. With an increase in the installation angle of the output tray in the range of 20° - 40°, the intensity of the emission of impurity particles decreases by 3.8 - 5.0 times.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC CLEANING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INJECTORS OF GASOLINE ENGINES
Authors:   Tambov state technical university, Dorovskikh Dmitriy , Lavrenchenko Anatolij ,   Tambov state technical university
Published: December 2023

The occurrence of deviations in the operation of the power system associated with coking of the fuel injectors is possible during long-term operation of vehicles. Most often, such a malfunction occurs when the car is additionally equipped with a liquefied gas (LPG) or compressed gas (CNG) power system. In this case, the standard injectors responsible for supplying gasoline operate for a short time and cannot self-clean during operation. An analysis of the design features of gasoline injectors affecting the number and shape of fuel jets was carried out. The main mechanisms of clogging and coking of gasoline injectors, as well as their impact on the operation of spark-ignition engines, are considered. A review of methods for testing and restoring the operating condition of gasoline injectors is presented, the results of testing 12 sets of injectors before and after cleaning are given. Analysis of the results shows that before cleaning, in 42% of cases one nozzle had a large deviation; in 25% of cases, two nozzles had a large deviation; in 17% of cases, 4 injectors were outside the median value; in 17% of cases the injectors were within normal limits. After cleaning, 75% of the injectors were within normal limits; in the remaining cases, although outside the normal range, an improvement in parameters was observed, with the exception of one case where a slight deterioration was observed. In most cases, ultrasonic cleaning allows the injectors to be restored to working condition, however, in isolated cases, a noticeable difference in the injector consumption is possible, implying their further rejection and replacement.
RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF A BIOREACTOR FOR PROCESSING ANIMAL BY-PRODUCTS
Authors:   Samara State Agrarian University, Kirov Yuri , Kopytin Viktor ,   Samara State Agrarian University, Petushkov Alexander ,   Samara State Agrarian University
Published: December 2023

Reusing livestock by-products can increase the profitability of an agricultural enterprise and improve the environmental situation around it. One of the ways to process organic waste is anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. An analysis of common designs of biogas plant mixing systems showed that their common disadvantages are: increased risk of depressurization due to the presence of moving parts in the bioreactor and their seals; significant time costs to comply with the technology; with a sectional bioreactor, several pumps are used. An automated hydraulic mixing system has been developed for an experimental sample of a biogas plant, including: a recirculation pump, suction and discharge pipelines, time relays, solenoid valves for water supply, pressure gauges, valves. The influence of technological parameters of the hydraulic mixing system on the intensity of the gas formation process was studied. A regression equation was obtained to determine the influence of the duration and frequency of mixing on the efficiency of the process of processing livestock by-products. It has been established that in the selected interval the process of gas formation, according to the results of this multifactorial experiment, is directly proportional to the frequency of mixing of the processed substrate. Periodic stirring of the fermented mass for 10 minutes every 4 hours is proposed to maintain stable and efficient operation of the biogas plant. These technological parameters make it possible to more effectively prevent the formation of floating crust and sediment, areas of different temperatures and pH inside the digester, and also contribute to the uniform distribution of the bacterial population in the volume of the bioreactor.
TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADDITIONAL WORKING BODIES FOR A MODERN CEREAL SEED TREATMENT FOR CLEANING THEM FROM DUST AND IMPURITIES
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Plant Protection, Vyalykh Vladimir , Burmistrov Alexander ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Plant Protection, Gulevsky Vyacheslav ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Plant Protection
Published: December 2023

The qualitative indicators of seed dressing in the pre-sowing autumn or spring periods depend on the degree of their contamination with impurities. The essence of the presented development is aimed at improving the technological process and working parts of modern seed treaters, ensuring the removal of dust and impurities from their flow when entering from the loading inclined auger into the bunker, by supplying and placing above it a receiving dust-air chamber in the form of a tetrahedral regular pyramid with oval corners. The pyramid is connected through a window to a loading auger and windows placed on two opposite side faces with sockets built into them - air intake and dust intake, connected by an elastic sleeve to a cyclone attached to the side of the hopper. Its upper part is connected through an air duct to an electric exhaust fan, and the lower part is connected to a removable dust collector. The degree of cleaning of seeds from dust and impurities in this position before they enter the dressing chamber promotes the penetration of drugs into the inside of the seed and, accordingly, increases their germination and the yield of the cultivated crop by 15-20%. In addition, the machine is easy to use both during operation and during maintenance in general, including storage.