bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in understanding and managing pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Vittorio Jennifer , Lavine Joel E.
Published: May 2020

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of disease that can range from isolated macrovesicular hepatocellular steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with or without fibrosis to cirrhosis. The prevalence of NAFLD has increased over several decades, mirroring the global obesity pandemic. NAFLD currently represents the most common etiology of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents worldwide. Disease presentation in childhood strongly suggests that these children may have unique susceptibilities and more severe long-term consequences. Emerging data demonstrate that the pathogenesis of early-onset NAFLD is secondary to a complex interplay involving genetic, metabolic, environmental, and microbiological factors. Such influences may begin in utero. Dietary and lifestyle modifications remain the primary effective therapeutic interventions, although long-term efficacy is limited by poor adoption or adherence. Advances in the development and validation of non-invasive biomarkers and imaging modalities will facilitate diagnosis for affected children and adolescents and facilitate long-term natural history studies and the development of therapeutic interventions.
Metafory konceptualne: fenomeny umysłu czy konstrukty kognitywistyczne? Cz. II
Authors: Kiklewicz Aleksander
Published: May 2020

CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS: PHENOMENA OF THE MIND OR COGNITIVE CONSTRUCTS? PART II

The author reviewed experimental studies of language metaphor, starting with the pioneer publication of Roman Jakobson from 1965. It has been shown that experimental studies confirm the postulates of G. Lakoff’s and M. Johnson’s cognitive theory of metaphor to varying degrees (more or less). The author also presents the results of a psycholinguistic experiment involving 280 respondents. The experiment based on the verbal-nominal constructions of the modern Polish language showed low consistency of answers, as well as the lack of arguments that the interpretation of metaphorical expressions (i.e. with the participation of polysemant) by respondents is not based on so-called conceptual metaphors.
O znaczeniu przymiotnika nieszczęsny we współczesnej polszczyźnie
Authors: Wołk Mariola
Published: May 2020

ON THE MEANING OF THE ADJECTIVE NIESZCZĘSNY ‘LUCKLESS’ IN CONTEMPORARY POLISH

The aim of this paper is to perform a semantic analysis of the expression nieszczęsny ‘luckless’, which functions at the non-denotational level of language description. As a metatextual adjective, it is different both from the old expression of the same shape, and from contemporary adjectives which are often wrongly equated with it semantically, e.g. pechowy ‘unlucky’, żałosny ‘pitiful’, niefortunny ‘unfortunate’. The paper contains a survey of dictionary definitions of both homonymous units (i.e. the old and the contemporary adjective nieszczęsny), a characterization of the collocation of the expression nieszczęsny, as well as of words that are semantically associated with it (including the adjective nieszczęśliwy ‘unhappy’). Moreover, the article discusses problems which directly affect the findings regarding the semantic specificity of nieszczęsny (the issue of the subject of predication, the question of reference). It concludes with a proposal of explication of the meaning of the analysed unit.
Funkcje wyrazów o postaci jak by w nieoficjalnych i oficjalnych wypowiedziach mówionych. Na podstawie badań korpusowych
Authors: Majewska-Tworek Anna , Zaśko-Zielińska Monika
Published: May 2020

FUNCTIONS OF WORDS OF THE JAKBY-TYPE IN UNOFFICIAL AND OFFICIAL SPOKEN UTTERANCES: BASED ON CORPUS ANALYSIS

The goal of the paper is to describe the function of words of the jakby-type in unofficial and official utterances, compared to their lexicographic descriptions. The analysis has been based on transcripts of oral examination interviews, and unofficial conversations. It revealed the differences in the functional load of words of the jakby-type in these two types of conversations.
Wariancje semantyczne pojęcia "kołtuna" w wybranych tekstach kultury polskiej i litewskiej
Authors: Sawaniewska-Mochowa Zofia , Kasner Małgorzata
Published: May 2020

SEMANTIC VARIATIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF KOŁTUN ‘POLISH PLAIT’ IN SELECTED TEXT OF POLISH AND LITHUANIAN CULTURES

The paper discusses semantic changes and stylistic derivation of the cultural concept of kołtun ‘Polish plait’ (Plica polonica) in Polish and Lithuanian. Although today it is impossible to meet a person with a kołtun on their head, the concept itself, as an element of socially established knowledge of the world, has survived and is still used in various discourses (ranging from dialectal texts and folklore, belles-lettres and journalistic writing, to contemporary Internet messages), to communicate different meanings, both literal and metaphorical.There are similarities and differences between the conceptualizations of kołtun in texts of Polish and Lithuanian cultures. The unifying element is the perception of kołtun as a formation of entangled hair or a mysterious disease that is inscribed into the folk system of beliefs and magical rituals. On the other hand, what sets the analysed concept apart in the two languages, is a much richer resource of folk and colloquial forms (compounds, hybrid words, phrasemes) in Lithuanian, and in addition, the lack of negative evaluation of kołtun in Lithuanian, whereas in Polish the word is often used to describe a backward, small-minded person.
Os espaços dos bebês na creche: o que dizem os documentos do Ministério da Educação
Authors: Masson Giseli Alcassas , Fernandes Jarina Rodrigues
Published: May 2020

O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar um levantamento sobre o que dizem os documentos oficiais brasileiros do Ministério da Educação (MEC), a respeito da temática dos espaços dos bebês na creche. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa documental no sítio oficial do MEC, a partir de aportes metodológicos da pesquisa bibliográfica e da análise de conteúdo. Como resultados, identificou-se que todos os nove documentos analisados fazem referência aos espaços para a educação infantil como um todo (de 0 a 5 anos) e cinco deles fazem referências especificamente aos espaços dos bebês (de 0 a 1 ano e meio). Estes resultados demonstram com relação à temática estudada, que a categoria bebê vem ganhando expressividade nos documentos que orientam a educação nacional.
BEBÊS E CRIANÇAS BEM PEQUENAS NO DEBATE SOBRE CULTURA INFANTIL
Authors: Moruzzi Andrea Braga , Alonso Giovana
Published: May 2020

Este artigo busca apresentar o modo pela qual os bebês e as crianças bem pequenas estão inseridos no debate acadêmico sobre cultura e cultura infantil. Sob inspiração cartográfica e permeando o campo dos Estudos da Infância, apresenta-se o recorte de uma pesquisa que vem sendo desenvolvida junto à um Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação. Dentre seus resultados, comenta-se o modo como estes sujeitos são caracterizados pela subalternidade em perspectivas e estudos que não consideram suas agências e sua potência criadora, assim como suas linguagens e formas específicas de produzir cultura. Outros olhares sobre a infância tornam-se emergentes neste cenário.
Aventuras (des)formativas no agenciamento dançarino-criança
Authors: Elias Andrea Nascimento
Published: May 2020

O texto problematiza os processos formativos na trajetória da Cia de Dança Teatro Xirê, que emergem da experiência de corpos postos em contato (de dançarinos e de crianças) mediados por uma linguagem que encontra na dança contemporânea sua possibilidade de existência. Tomando a ideia de vazio como categoria de experiência, o texto estabelece relações entre a ideia de vazio-pleno, proposta por Lygia Clark em sua obra, e a ideia de vazio encontrada num corpo feito “saco plástico” na obra “Dingling”, criada pela Cia Xirê para crianças de 2 a 6 anos, evidenciando o projeto político (des)formativo presente na (des)pretensiosa tarefa de dançar para crianças quase bebês.
A SOLIDÃO PROFISSIONAL DE PROFESSORAS DE BEBÊS
Authors: Santos Marlene Oliveira dos
Published: May 2020

com a intenção de refletir sobre uma temática crescente no âmbito da docência em Educação Infantil, este artigo discute a solidão profissional vivida por professoras de bebês, a partir dos resultados de uma pesquisa sobre currículos praticados com bebês. A pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritiva, ouviu seis professoras que exerciam a docência com bebês na rede municipal de ensino de uma cidade brasileira. As narrativas de cada docente foram escutadas em encontros denominados Tertúlias Narrativas. O que é vivido no cotidiano de cada Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil (CMEI) é ressonância da qualidade e do alcance das políticas públicas destinadas à Educação Infantil, em nível nacional e local. Concluiu-se que a solidão profissional de professoras de bebês possui interfaces com as políticas públicas impregnadas da lógica produtivista-mercantil e de mercado.
Direct estimation of NIR reflection spectra utilizing a snapshot-type spectrometer with photonic crystal multi-spectral filter arrays
Authors: Ohtera Yasuo , Ikeda Nao , Takaya Tomohisa , Shinoda Kazuma
Published: May 2020

We fabricated 16-, 25-, 36-, and 64-channel distributed passband-type multi-spectral filter arrays by utilizing a multilayer-type photonic crystal and integrated them onto a CCD to form a snapshot-type spectroscopic sensor. Reflection spectra from target objects (fruits) under broadband light illumination were estimated directly using the Wiener estimation method. A root mean square error of the reflectivity on the order of

2
∼
5
%

was obtained under optical shot noise with

6
×
6

pixel binning. A number of constituent filters of 36 was sufficient for this type of fruit spectral measurement. We also visualized reflection images at specified wavelengths by applying the estimation method to a multiple filter region on the sensor.
Quantum hybrid optomechanical inertial sensing
Authors: Richardson Logan , Hines Adam , Schaffer Andrew , Anderson Brian P. , Guzman Felipe
Published: May 2020

We discuss the design of quantum hybrid inertial sensor that combines an optomechanical inertial sensor with the retroreflector of a cold atom interferometer. This sensor fusion approach provides absolute and high-accuracy measurements with cold atom interferometers, while utilizing the optomechanical inertial sensor at frequencies above the repetition rate of the atom interferometer. This improves the overall measurement bandwidth as well as the robustness and field deployment capabilities of these systems. We evaluate which parameters yield an optimal acceleration sensitivity, from which we anticipate a noise floor at nano-

g

levels from DC to 1 kHz.
Multiple spatial and wavelength conversion operations based on a frequency-degenerated intermodal four-wave mixing process in a graded-index 6-LP few-mode fiber
Authors: Zhang H. , Bigot-Astruc M. , Sillard P. , Millot G. , Kibler B. , Fatome J.
Published: May 2020

We report on the experimental observation of a simultaneous threefold wavelength and spatial conversion process at telecommunication wavelengths taking place in a 6-LP-mode graded-index few-mode fiber. The physical mechanism is based on parallel and phase-matched frequency-degenerated intermodal four-wave mixing (FD-IFWM) phenomena occurring between the fundamental mode and higher-order spatial modes. More precisely, a single high-power frequency-degenerated pump wave is simultaneously injected in the four spatial modes

L
P

01

,

L
P

11

,

L
P

02

, and

L
P

31

of a 1.8-km long graded-index few-mode fiber together with three independent signals in the fundamental mode. By means of three parallel phase-matched FD-IFWM interactions, these initial signals are then simultaneously spatially and frequency-converted from the fundamental mode to specific high-order modes. The influence of the differential modal group delay is also investigated and shows that the walk-off between the spatially multiplexed signals significantly limits the bandwidth of the conversion process for telecom applications.
Simple and fast field curvature measurement by depth from defocus using
electrowetting liquid lens
Authors: Jung Gyu Suk , Won Yong Hyub
Published: May 2020

Field curvature, also called “Petzval field curvature,” is a defect in
the lens in which the object of a flat plane is not focused on the
image surface. Field curvature measurement is important in lens
performance tests. This paper presents an electrowetting liquid lens
based on the depth from defocus method for measuring field curvature.
This method uses only a pair of defocused images for a patterned flat
object, which are captured using the focus tuning function of the
electrowetting liquid lens. Image processing for calculating field
curvature is carried out using MATLAB. The results of the measurement
experiment demonstrated high accuracy of the 12 µm root mean square
error between the captured image surface and fitted curved image
surface. There is no need for complex equipment such as lasers,
microscopes, and telecentric systems. Because this system has no
mechanical movement for focus tuning, it is simple and shows fast
measurement time compared with other conventional methods.
Spatially polarization-modulated ellipsometry based on the vectorial optical field and image processing
Authors: Gao Chao , Lei Bing
Published: May 2020

We report a new (to the best of our knowledge) ellipsometric measurement scheme called spatially polarization-modulated ellipsometry (SPME), which is based on the vectorial optical field and digital image processing. A zero-order vortex half-wave retarder (ZVHR) is employed to generate the vectorial optical field and analyze the elliptically polarized light reflected by a thin film; further, an analyzer is set after the ZVHR to form an hourglass intensity pattern due to the spatially polarization modulation; then, the film’s ellipsometric angles can be obtained by processing the hourglass intensity image. By analyzing the working principle of SPME, we have found that the film’s ellipsometric angles are determined by the bright areas’ azimuth angle and contrast of the modulated images, and their mathematical relationships have been deduced and provided. To reduce the adverse effects of image noise and improve the measurement precision, an improved operation mode of SPME is presented by processing the modulated images with their bright areas’ azimuth locating at near 45° or 135° and 0° or 90°. Numerical analyzing studies have been carried out on the

S
i
O

2

films to validate the feasibility of SPME, and the simulation experiments indicate that the SPME can operate well, even though obvious noise has been added to the modulated intensity image and the measuring error of film thickness and refractive index were less than 0.1 nm and 0.001, respectively.
Procedure and protocols for optical imaging of cerebral blood flow and hemodynamics in awake mice
Authors: Li Yuandong , Rakymzhan Adiya , Tang Peijun , Wang Ruikang K.
Published: May 2020

We describe a method and procedure that allows for the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and intrinsic optical signal imaging (IOSI) of cerebral blood flow and hemodynamics in fully awake mice. We detail the procedure of chronic cranial window preparation, the use of an air-lift mobile homecage to achieve stable optical recording in the head-restrained awake mouse, and the imaging methods to achieve multiparametric hemodynamic measurements. The results show that by using a collection of OCTA algorithms, the high-resolution cerebral vasculature can be reliably mapped at a fully awake state, including flow velocity measurements in penetrating arterioles and capillary bed. Lastly, we demonstrate how the awake imaging paradigm is used to study cortical hemodynamics in the mouse barrel cortex during whisker stimulation. The method presented here will facilitate optical recording in the awake, active mice and open the door to many projects that can bridge the hemodynamics in neurovascular units to naturalistic behavior.
Neural correlates of economic decision making in the frontal cortex mapped by functional near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Wanniarachchi Hashini I. , Wang Xinlong , Lang Yan , Nerur Sridhar P. , Chen Kay-Yut , Liu Hanli
Published: May 2020

An economic decision-making protocol was employed to investigate human brain responses in the frontal areas with multi-channel fNIRS from 27 human subjects. The results showed significant activations in dorsolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex.
Does the diffuse optical tomography have more spatial sensitivity than fMRI to measure functional changes at cerebral gyri level?
Authors: Estefania Hernandez-Martin. , Cristian Modroño. , Niels Janssen. , Jose.Luis González-Mora.
Published: May 2020

DOT spatial resolution system in a group of 8 healthy subjects during the performance of motor tasks showed greater fidelity of the cerebral activation at gyri level than cerebral activations provide by fMRI.(/p)(p)The authors provide permission and attribution for any trademarked or copyright images
A General Approach to Design, Optimize, and Analyze Modular Functional Near-infrared Brain Imaging Probes
Authors: Vanegas Morris , Fang Qianqian
Published: May 2020

We developed a generalized workflow to automatically design modular fNIRS head-probes over user-specified regions with optimized channel counts, brain sensitivity, and sampling-rate metrics, allowing to compare full-head probes composed of vastly different elementary module designs.
A deep learning approach to remove motion artifacts in fNIRS data analysis
Authors: Gao Yuanyuan , Cavuoto Lora , Yan Pingkun , Kruger Uwe , Schwaitzberg Steven , De Suvranu , Intes Xavier
Published: May 2020

We established a neural network model to efficiently remove motion artifacts during fNIRS data processing.
Low cost wireless cerebral oximeter using Bluetooth Low Energy technology
Authors: Wu Kuan-Cheng , Tamborini Davide , Peruch Adriano , Stephens Kimberly , Salat David , Franceschini Maria Angela
Published: May 2020

Cerebral oximeters have been used in the clinic for almost three decades to monitor patients in critical conditions. We have developed a wearable, wireless consumer CW-NIRS device to allow community health monitoring.
Fast, high-density functional speckle contrast optical tomography of the adult brain
Authors: Dragojević T. , Hollmann J. L. , Vidal Rosas E. E. , Pasquinelli K. , Cusini I. , Culver J. P. , Villa F. , Durduran T.
Published: May 2020

Fast high-density functional speckle contrast optical tomography (HD-SCOT) was developed to resolve transcranial three-dimensional changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF). It is demonstrated in a sensorimotor task showing good data fidelity, quantitative measure of CBF and the lateralization of the response.
Hardware and Computational Toolbox for 3D Partially Coherent Holography
Authors: Caira Nicholas W. , Xu Jiayi , Eybposh M. Hossein , Pégard Nicolas C.
Published: May 2020

We demonstrate a new holographic technique that couples high speed phase modulation with galvanometer mirrors and spatial amplitude patterning with a digital micromirror device. Experiments demonstrate high resolution light field synthesis in large 3D volumes.
High resolution laser Doppler holography of retinal blood flow by spatiotemporal eigenvalue filtering and rephasing
Authors: Puyo Leo , Fink Mathias , Paques Michel , Sahel José-Alain , Atlan Michael
Published: May 2020

We improved image quality in retinal blood flow imaging by laser Doppler holography by several post-processing methods : decluttering by eigenvalue decomposition of digital holograms, digital aberration compensation by sub-aperture correlation measurements, and iterative optimization of the quality of image features.
Clear Optically Matched Panoramic Access Channel Technique (COMPACT) for Large Volume Deep Brain Neurophotonic Interface
Authors: Wei Bowen , Wang Chenmao , Cheng Zongyue , Cui Meng
Published: May 2020

To investigate deep brain region, miniature optical probes are required. We report Clear Optically Matched Panoramic Access Channel Technique (COMPACT), which can effectively increase the probe’s tissue access volume by ~ three orders of magnitude.
Eye saccadic movements detection with a fast and precise retinal tracking device
Authors: Nowakowski M. , Tamborski S. , Meina M. , Gorgol J. , Wróbel K. , Bartuzel M. M. , Szkulmowska A. , Szkulmowski M.
Published: May 2020

Experimental goal of retinal tracker device was to show ability to detect retinal motions caused by eye drifts, saccades and microsaccades with an ultrafast optoelectronic device that provides up to 1240 retinal images per second. Moreover, high speed of the device, related to optical scanning and detection guarantees safe, non-invasive and objective measurements of the living eye.
Lens-Free Computational Epi-Fluorescence Microendoscopy
Authors: Shin Jaewook , Stroud Jasper R. , MacFarlane Neil , Alemohammad Milad , Foster Amy C. , Foster Mark A.
Published: May 2020

We demonstrate a single-shot 3D computational microendoscope employing a static coded aperture and a multicore fiber. This bend-insensitive probe demonstrates depth-resolved imaging with a 640-µm-wide field of view using a 270-µm-wide image circle fiber with 6000 cores.
Calculation of the disentropy of the Wigner function using the Lambert–Tsallis Wq function with non-integer q values
Authors: da Silva José leonardo Esteves , Ramos Rubens Viana
Published: May 2020

The Wigner function is a mathematical tool that provides important information about a quantum light state, like entanglement and quantumness. For example, in a recent work it was shown the disentropy of the Wigner function using the Lambert–Tsallis

W
q

function with

q
=

2

can be used as a measure of quantumness. When the value of

q

is non-integer, the disentropy and

W
q

function have fractional powers and, hence, a negative value of the Wigner function can result in a complex value for the disentropy. This prohibits the use of those functions in the calculation of the disentropy of the Wigner function of highly interesting states, such as Schrödinger cats. In order to overcome this problem, we propose a new disentropy equation inspired by the Rényi entropy. The advantages and disadvantages of this new disentropy are discussed and numerical examples are shown.
Cellular imaging of the cornea with a low-cost, portable confocal microscope
Authors: Gong Cheng , Chidambaram Jaya Devi , Kang Dongkyun
Published: May 2020

We tested the feasibility of imaging cellular features of the cornea using a low-cost portable confocal microscope (PCM). Preliminary PCM images clearly visualized characteristic cellular details throughout the entire thickness of the cornea.
Visualizing Morphodynamics and Metabolic Status of Immune Microenvironment with Harmonic Generation and Multiphoton Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Li Yue , Liu Tzu-Ming
Published: May 2020

We developed a morphological and functional imaging platform of immunocytes in vivo. Based on harmonic generation and multiphoton fluorescence imaging, the granularity, metabolic function, and activation status of immunocytes can be visualized in the context.
Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Breast Cells Using Quantitative Optical Imaging: A Novel Approach
Authors: Jermain Peter R. , Kandil Dina , Khan Ashraf , Yaroslavsky Anna N.
Published: May 2020

Fluorescence polarization (Fpol) of methylene blue (MB) stained human breast cells obtained from clinical samples was investigated. Results demonstrate average MB Fpol of malignant breast cells is significantly higher as compared to benign breast cells.
Resolution enhancement and speckle reduction in coherence imaging: a k-space model of optical coherence refraction tomography (OCRT)
Authors: Zhou Kevin C. , Qian Ruobing , Farsiu Sina , Izatt Joseph A.
Published: May 2020

We present a preliminary k-space-based analysis of OCT and our recently proposed extension, optical coherence refraction tomography (OCRT). Our theory provides insight into how angular compounding enhances resolution and reduces speckle in coherence imaging techniques.
Non-mechanical Axial Motion Compensation Using Master-Slave Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Fernández Adriàn , Marques Manuel J. , Bradu Adrian , Podoleanu Adrian
Published: May 2020

We present a novel technique for accurate, non-mechanical, axial motion compensation for OCT in both ophthalmology and dermal imaging through the combination of MS-OCT for imaging and a LCI for the motion detection.
Spectroscopic OCT imaging of ordered fibrous tissues
Authors: Ge Xin , Liu Linbo
Published: May 2020

The backscattered spectra of highly ordered nanocylinders exhibit characteristic red shift in the near-infrared region in contrast to other tissues. We report the numerical and experimental evidences using OCT and explore its potential applications.
Space Division Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Jerwick Jason , Huang Yongyang , Dong Zhao , Liu Guoyan , Brucker Alexander , Zhou Chao
Published: May 2020

Space division multiplexing optical coherence tomography (SDM-OCT) is a high speed parallel imaging approach that has been demonstrated with acquisitions up to 800 kHz. Here we demonstrate high speed angiography utilizing the SDM-OCT technique.
The visible-light optical coherence tomography fibergram
Authors: Miller David A. , Grannonico Marta , Liu Mingna , Kuranov Roman , Liu Xiaorong , Zhang Hao F.
Published: May 2020

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon degeneration precedes RGC soma death in retinal neuropathies. We developed the visible-light optical coherence tomography fibergram and a novel quantification technique to monitor the health of RGC axons in vivo.
Tunable bifunctional terahertz metamaterial device based on Dirac semimetals and vanadium dioxide
Authors: Wang Tongling , Zhang Huiyun , Zhang Yong , Zhang Yuping , Cao Maoyong
Published: May 2020

A tunable bifunctional terahertz (THz) metamaterial device based on Dirac semimetal films (DSFs) and VO2 is presented. The insulator-to-metal phase transition of VO2 enables bifunctional asymmetric transmission and dual-directional absorption to be switched in the THz range. When VO2 serves as a dielectric, tunable broadband asymmetric transmission of linearly polarized THz waves can be achieved. When VO2 is in a metallic state, the proposed device acts as a tunable dual-directional absorber with perfect absorption in both illumination directions. In each case, the response can be tuned by varying the Fermi energy of the DSFs. This offers a new pathway for the development of tunable multifunctional THz metamaterial devices.
Real-time object tracking using a leaky THz waveguide
Authors: Amarasinghe Yasith , Mendis Rajind , Mittleman Daniel M.
Published: May 2020

We demonstrate a 2D radar system for the THz region using a leaky parallel-plate waveguide, which can support real-time object tracking. The system can track a target within 200 ms with an accuracy of 1 mm in range and 1.4° in angle. Because the system is based on broadband excitation, it can locate multiple objects simultaneously. The broadband excitation also enables sensing of objects for which there is no direct line-of-sight path to the waveguide, via detection of a non-line-of-sight path.
K-means clustering of coherent Raman spectra from extracellular vesicles visualized by label-free multiphoton imaging
Authors: Sun Yi , Chen Ethan W. , Thomas Jalen , Liu Yuan , Tu Haohua , Boppart Stephen A.
Published: May 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as potential biomarkers in cancer research and for clinical diagnosis. Little is known, however, about their spatial distributions in tissue and the different subpopulations that may exist. Here we report the use of label-free nonlinear optical imaging techniques to provide spatially resolved chemical information of EVs within untreated tissues. A multimodal nonlinear optical imaging system incorporating multiphoton autofluorescence and hyperspectral coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging was built to visualize the spatial tissue distribution and probe the spectra of EVs. K-means clustering is performed on the CARS spectra from EVs in rat mammary tissues and human breast tumor tissue to reveal both the spatial distribution of EV clusters and their different chemical signatures. Correlations are identified between EV clusters and metabolic information.
Ultrawide bandgap AlN metasurfaces for ultraviolet focusing and routing
Authors: Hu Zelin , Long Linyun , Wan Rongqiao , Zhang Chen , Zhang Lei , Yan Jianchang , Duan Huigao , Wang Liancheng
Published: May 2020

All-dielectric metasurfaces offer a promising way to control amplitude, polarization, and phase of light. However, ultraviolet (UV) component metasurfaces are rarely reported due to significant absorption loss for most dielectric materials and the required smaller footprint or feature size. Here, we demonstrate broadband UV focusing and routing in both transmission and reflection modes in simulations by adopting aluminum nitride (AlN) with ultrawide bandgap and a waveplate metasurface structure. As for experiments, the on-axis, off-axis focusing characteristics in transmission mode have been investigated at representative UVA (375 nm) wavelength for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Furthermore, we fabricated a UV transmission router for monowavelength, guiding UV light to the designated different spatial positions of the same or different focal planes. Our work is meaningful for the development of UV photonics components and devices and would facilitate the integration and miniaturization of UV nanophotonics.
The Curse of Big Data in Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Tomography: The LUCA approach
Authors: Dehghani Hamid , Wojtkiewicz Stanislaw
Published: May 2020

NIR technologies now allow large scale data capture; therefore, computational and image recovery tools face new challenges to allow accurate and real-time applications. Key significant advancements as developed under NIRFAST will be presented together with clinical examples.
An integrated detection scheme for fast, embedded measurement of deep tissue blood flow with Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Biswas Arindam , Parthasarathy Ashwin B.
Published: May 2020

We demonstrate compact low-noise measurements of deep tissue blood flow with an embedded unbiased photodiode using diffuse speckle contrast analysis.
Water Probing in Dental Tissues Using Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: He Wencai , Yang Shan , Duan Yuanyuan
Published: May 2020

This work reports a high wavenumber Raman analysis in human hard dental tissues, spectral differences regarding CH and OH bands between enamel and dentin, and various locations of enamel were observed and discussed.
Mapping Cortical Activations Underlying Naturalistic Language Generation Without Motion Censoring Using HD-DOT
Authors: Schroeder Mariel L. , Sherafati Arefeh , Ulbrich Rachel L. , Fishell Andrew K. , Svoboda Alexandra M. , Culver Joseph P. , Eggebrecht Adam T.
Published: May 2020

This study measures cortical activity underlying covert and overt verb generation using high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT). Results demonstrate HD-DOT captures activations comparable to fMRI and is resistant to speech-related motion artifact.
Functional monitoring of lung tissue using a hybrid hyperspectral Time-Resolved GASMAS system: a systematic study on ex vivo sample.
Authors: Lacerenza M. , Pacheco A. , Sekar S. Konugolu Venkata , Nogueira M. Saito , Buttafava M. , Tosi A. , Pifferi A. , Contini D. , Andersson-Engels S.
Published: May 2020

A portable hybrid system of three optical techniques GASMAS (Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy), TR-NIRS (time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy) and CWBS (continuous wave broadband spectroscopy) have been proposed to monitor optical properties and gas concentration during the gas exchange in an ex vivo bovine lung. Increasing levels of lung inflation at different pressures showed significant changes in optical properties and gas dynamics, providing valuable insights for non-invasive monitoring of lung function.
Development of a Mobile Fluorescence Tomography-guided System for Pre-clinical Radiotherapy Research
Authors: Hardy Luke , Sforza Daniel , Iordachita Iulian , Xu Xiangkun , Wong John W. , Wang Ken Kang-Hsin
Published: May 2020

We proposed to build a mobile fluorescence tomography (mFT) system as an image-guided platform for pre-clinical radiotherapy research. The mFT system is expected to localize functional target/tumor, guide irradiation, and provide longitudinal treatment assessment.
Hematocrit Significantly Confounds Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy Measurements of Blood Flow
Authors: Sathialingam Eashani , Williams Evelyn Kendall , Lam Wilbur A. , Buckley Erin M.
Published: May 2020

We demonstrate the confounding influence of hematocrit on diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measurements of blood flow using a novel tissue-simulating platform that consists of hundreds of microvascular sized microfluidic channels.
Increased SNR in acousto-optic imaging via coded ultrasound transmission
Authors: Levi Ahiad , Monin Sagi , Hahamovich Evgeny , Lev Aner , Sfez Bruno G. , Rosenthal Amir
Published: May 2020

We develop a new approach for increasing the SNR of pulse-mode acousto-optic imaging via coded acoustic transmission. Using a 19-element sequence, over a 2-fold reduction in noise is demonstrated, in agreement with the theoretical prediction.
LUCA Device: a Multi-Wavelength Time-Resolved Spectroscopy and Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy Device with an Integrated Clinical Ultrasound Module/Probe
Authors: Cortese Lorenzo , Presti G. Lo , Zanoletti M. , Buttafava M. , Renn M. , Contini D. , Mora A. Dalla , Pifferi A. , Taroni P. , Tosi A. , Aranda G. , Janer S. Ruiz , Squarcia M. , Hanzu F. , Porta M. Mora , Wojtkiewicz S. , Dehghani H. , Weigel U. M. , de Fraguier S. , Nguyen-Dihn A. , Rosinski B. , Durduran T.
Published: May 2020

We present the LUCA-device combining two diffuse optical techniques, time-resolved and diffuse correlation spectroscopies, with simultaneous ultrasound imaging for improved cancer screening. In particular for thyroid cancer.
Transient Light Waveguides Deep Into Scattering Media by Transversal Ultrasound
Authors: Cherkashin Maxim N. , Brenner Carsten , Schmitz Georg , Hofmann Martin R.
Published: May 2020

We present the concept of ultrasound-induced light waveguides based on transient ultrasound waves to partially offset strong light scattering. The extent and configuration of such waveguides is fundamentally limited only by ultrasound propagation losses.
Reference target with synthesized A2E for visible-light OCT quantitative fundus autofluorescence imaging
Authors: Atkinson Khaleel , Nafar Zahra , Jiao Shuliang
Published: May 2020

Retinal lipofuscin was quantified with respect to a customized fluorescent reference target consisting of synthesized A2E. The target was implemented into VIS-OCT-FAF as a reference for both OCT and FAF and successfully tested in vivo.
Optical readout of voltage indicators using an improved targeted direct patterning concept.
Authors: Whiteley Isabell , Song Chenchen , Knöpfel Thomas , Rowlands Christopher J
Published: May 2020

An improved method for the optical readout of voltage indicators is presented, whereby fluorescence from the whole surface of a neuron is integrated onto a single detector, dramatically increasing the recording bandwidth over conventional techniques.
Simulation Investigation of the Spatial Arrangement of Optodes in Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Liao Andy Ying-Chi , Lai Yu-Min , Sung Kung-Bin
Published: May 2020

There is a lack of comparisons for layouts of similar density used in fNIRS. A comparison of five proposed layouts showed Sqr1 and Hex1 as having the best localization error and resolution respectively.
Compression-induced hemodynamic features of tumors in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy: a longitudinal case study
Authors: Kabeer Aiza , Saksena Mansi A. , Cormier Jayne , Carp Stefan A. , Deng Bin
Published: May 2020

A dynamic diffuse optical tomographic system, in conjunction with digital breast tomosynthesis, is used to study the hemodynamics in breast tissue under full and partial mammographic compression to evaluate tumor response to therapy.
Depth-Sensitive Tissue Measurements Using a Multi-Pixel Photodetector Probe
Authors: Woods Callie Marie , Senlik Ozlem , Greening Gage , Muldoon Timothy J , Jokerst Nan Marie
Published: May 2020

A densely-packed, custom multi-pixel photodetector probe permits spatially resolved diffuse reflectance (SRDR) measurements of phantoms of varying thicknesses, showing high signal contrast between thin phantoms and high depth sensitivity.
Reconstruction chromophore concentration directly by Photo-Magnetic Imaging: simulation study
Authors: Algarawi Maha , Luk Alex , Erkol Hakan , Almudhry Mohammed , Unlu Burcin M. , Gulsen Gultekin , Nouizi Farouk
Published: May 2020

Tomographically recovering chromophore concentrations usually requires the intermediate step of reconstructing absorption maps at different wavelengths first. Here, we present a method that allows to obtain these concentrations directly from measured magnetic resonance temperature maps.
Tracking objects in a diffusive medium with time domain near infrared optical tomography
Authors: Jiang Jingjing , di Costanzo Aldo , Lindner Scott , Wolf Martin , Kalyanov Alexander
Published: May 2020

We tested our recently developed time domain near infrared optical tomography system on a diffusive medium with a moving object embedded. The moving object was correctly located throughout a measurement in ~2s.
Optical Design of a Laser Scanning Microscope for TPM.
Authors: Kessler David
Published: May 2020

The design presented is capable of fields of 30 mm and more and high NA. The design is telecentric and reflective, with no off-axis aberrations, and a large working distance
Oxygen Saturation and Blood Flow Measured as a Function of Time During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Benson Emilie J. , Volk Lindsay E. , Ko Tiffany S. , Belbegra Samy , Baker Wesley B. , Padawer-Curry Jonah A. , Andersen Kristen N. , Schmidt Alexander L. , Lin Yuxi , Roberts Anna L. , Delso Nile , Landis William P. , Hallowell Thomas , Kilbaugh Todd J. , Licht Daniel J. , Yodh Arjun G.
Published: May 2020

Near-infrared spectroscopy and diffuse correlation spectroscopy were applied to measure oxygen saturation and blood flow changes in the brain at four timepoints in swine models during cardiopulmonary bypass.
Improving the Accuracy of Continuous-Wave Hyperspectral Near Infrared Spectroscopy with Spatially-Resolved Measurements and Tikhonov Regularization
Authors: Abayomi Naomi , Diop Mamadou
Published: May 2020

We posit that supplementing continuous-wave hyperspectral near infrared spectroscopy with spatially-resolved measurements and Tikhonov regularization will improve accuracy. In-silico experiments were conducted to test this hypothesis and the results confirm our postulate.
Long-Term Monitoring of Capillary Flow to Measure Hypoxic Effects of Capillary Flow Disruptions
Authors: Giblin John , Kiliҫ Krvılcım , Jiang John , Chen Anderson , Li Baoqiang , Sakadžić Sava , Devor Anna , Boas David A.
Published: May 2020

Cerebral blood flow is critical to supporting healthy brain metabolism. Here we demonstrate the ability to monitor capillary flux and oxygenation in up to 20 capillaries using Phosphorescence Lifetime Imaging (PLIM) for 10 minutes.
Quantifying Ocular Mechanical Properties using Optical Coherence Elastography and Bruillion Spectroscopy
Authors: Ambekar Yogeshwari , Raghunathan Raksha , Zhang Jitao , Scarcelli Giuliano , Larin Kirill V.
Published: May 2020

The alternation of biomechanical properties of many tissues could indicate onset and progression of diseases. In this paper we combine dynamic Optical Coherence Elastography with 3D Bruillion Spectroscopy for truly quantitative elastography of ocular tissues.
Investigation of 1064-nm Laser Fluence Within Tissue Phantoms for Better Prediction of Transcranial Photobiomodulation Depth
Authors: Pruitt Tyrell , Parvez Hasan , Wang Xinlong , Liu Hanli
Published: May 2020

Due to the small amount of experimental data present on 1064-nm fluence, this study used a tissue phantom to measure fluence at varying depths. Analytical solutions and experimental data were found to be highly consistent
Towards Monitoring Blood Flow During Fifth Metatarsal Fracture Healing with Speckle Contrast Optical Tomography
Authors: Majeski Joseph B. , Dar Irfaan A. , Ramirez Gabriel A. , Choe Regine
Published: May 2020

A speckle contrast optical tomography (SCOT) system was developed for longitudinal monitoring of bone fractures. This system was then validated using optical phantoms with heterogenous flow and in-vivo arm and leg cuff occlusion experiments.
Identifying Brain Injury from Widefield Calcium Images Using Convolution Neural Networks
Authors: Koochaki Fatemeh , Bibineyshvili Elena , Margolis David J. , Najafizadeh Laleh
Published: May 2020

We utilize convolutional neural networks (CNN) to develop models for the classification of injury and non-injury cortical images obtained via widefield calcium imaging in Thy1- GCaMP6s reporter mice.
A Theoretical Model of Acousto-Optic Modulated Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Robinson Mitchell B , Sakadžić Sava , Carp Stefan A , Boas David A , Franceschini Maria Angela
Published: May 2020

In-vivo, optical measurements of cerebral blood flow are confounded by superficial blood flow. Here, we present acousto-optic modulated diffuse correlation spectroscopy (AOM-DCS) for blood flow monitoring, showing good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental results.
Swift light sheet volumetric charting of large human brain portions
Authors: Gavryusev Vladislav , Pesce Luca , Laurino Annunziatina , Mazzamuto Giacomo , Sancataldo Giuseppe , Scardigli Marina , Roffilli Matteo , Silvestri Ludovico , Costantini Irene , Pavone Francesco Saverio
Published: May 2020

Using a custom light sheet fluorescence microscope, we image large stained human brain portions, labelled for NeuN and GAD67 neuronal markers, discerning the inhibitory population via neural-network based image analysis and exposing the brain connectivity.
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy for Skin Tumor Margin Assessment
Authors: Zhang Yao , Moy Austin J. , Feng Xu , Nguyen Hieu T. M. , Reichenberg Jason S. , Markey Mia K. , Tunnell James W.
Published: May 2020

We assessed the utility of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for improving surgical guidance of skin tumor resections. Our results from 34 patients show a high ability to discriminate between carcinoma and normal surrounding skin.
Laser Microbiopsy for Minimally Destructive Soft-Tissue Harvest
Authors: King Jason B. , Katta Nitesh , Tunnell James W. , Milner Thomas E.
Published: May 2020

Lasers precisely cut tissue and are a candidate tool for minimally destructive tissue harvest. A Ho:YAG laser microbiopsy system, using two axicons and an aspheric focusing lens, successfully harvested submillimeter tissue sections from porcine skin.
Fibre-based ratiometric fluorescence imaging for contrast enhancement of spectrally similar signals in the lung
Authors: Parker Helen E. , Stone James , Marshall Adam D. L. , Choudhary Tushar R. , Thomson Robert R. , Dhaliwal Kevin , Tanner Michael G.
Published: May 2020

We present a widefield ratiometric fibred optical endomicroscopy platform capable of enhancing contrast between spectrally similar pathologically relevant fluorophores. We demonstrate the detection of fluorescently labelled bacteria in an autofluorescent ex vivo human lung model.
Vascular occlusion monitoring in the eye fundus by laser Doppler holography
Authors: Puyo Leo , Fink Mathias , Paques Michel , Sahel José-Alain , Atlan Michael
Published: May 2020

We compared laser Doppler holographic images of the eye fundus to fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographies in the case of central and branch retinal vein occlusions. Power Doppler maps reveal endoluminal blood flow responses with a wide dynamic range of velocities, suitable for the exploration of vascular pathologies.
Paired-agent imaging is comparative with gold standard immunohistochemistry but more time-efficient in frozen section of head and neck cancer
Authors: Wang Cheng , Folaron Margaret , Chen Eunice , Hoopes P. Jack , Tichauer Kenneth , Samkoe Kimberley
Published: May 2020

Paired agent imaging demonstrates comparable accuracy with immunohistochemistry, but more time-efficient, and labor-saving. It may open up a new chapter for biopsy screening and intra-operative margin detection.
Real-Time, In Vivo Projection of High-Risk Maps for Oral Biopsy Guidance
Authors: Coole Jackson B. , Mitbander Ruchika , Vohra Imran , Brenes David , Schwarz Richard A. , Tang Yubo , Carns Jennifer , Badaoui Hawraa , Gillenwater Ann M. , Richards-Kortum Rebecca
Published: May 2020

A system that acquires white-light and autofluorescence images of the oral cavity, generates a map of high-risk areas, and projects the map directly onto the tissue is introduced. The potential for biopsy guidance is discussed.
Efficient and mechanical stable laser machined optical fiber diffuser for clinical applications
Authors: Ströbl S. , Wäger F. , Domke M. , Sroka R.
Published: May 2020

By internally structuring optical fibers, using an ultrafast laser, diffusers for selective illumination of tissue regions can be obtained, while maintaining decoupling efficiencies of up to 83% and mechanical stabilities comparable to non-machined optical fibers.
Diffuse and Nonlinear Imaging for In Vivo Monitoring of Tumor Vascular Structure and Function
Authors: Karrobi Kavon , Tank Anup , Applegate Matthew B. , Vergato Cameron , Waxman David J. , Roblyer Darren
Published: May 2020

We present a novel preclinical imaging technique called Diffuse and Nonlinear Imaging (DNI), which combines Multiphoton Microscopy (MPM) with Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) to provide spatially coregistered datasets of tumor vascular structure and function.
Thermal fluctuation spectroscopy apply to red blood cells membrane: the effect of glucose on the micro rheological properties
Authors: Tapia J. , Vera N. , Aguilar Joao , Staforelli J. , González M. , Sánchez S. A. , Coelho P. , Miño G.
Published: May 2020

Our results account of mechanical and fluidity changes as the concentration of glucose increases up to 25mM. Fluctuation amplitude, curvature and viscosity modulus of the lipid bilayer increase, and bending modulus and tension value decrease.
The language of secessionist activism: Discourse and dialogue on Twitter1
Authors: Zamora-Martínez Patricia , Durántez-Stolle Patricia , Martínez-Sanz Raquel , Hernández-Herrarte María
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, Twitter is used by politicians to communicate directly with citizens, due to the Internet’s ability not only to inform, but to establish a dialogue and mobilize publics. The present research explores the use of Twitter as a medium of communication and debate in the rise of the Catalan independence movement. To attain this objective, the official profile of the Generalitat’s ex-president Carles Puigdemont is studied during the month before the referendum date. Through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of his tweets, it is observed if he seeks to mobilize the audience, as well as influence their opinion on the right to decide, and their voting intention. In addition, we aim to approach the response he obtains from the social audience. Based on citizens’ reactions to his tweets, the research analyses these users’ impressions; whether they support the separatist theses, and if the consequent debate entails a tone of rupture or tension.