bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of top management support and organizational capabilities in achieving e-business entrepreneurship
Authors: Al-Omoush Khaled Saleh
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of top management support and organizational capabilities in achieving e-business entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from 26 manufacturing firms with a sample of 282 respondents. Data were analyzed using SmartPLS.

Findings

The results show a significant impact of top management support on e-business entrepreneurship. The findings also show a direct impact of organizational capabilities, involving organizational agility and organizational learning on the e-business entrepreneurship. Moreover, the results of the study highlight the pivotal role of top management in preparing an organizational environment that fosters organizational learning and organizational agility capabilities to establish e-business entrepreneurship.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the body of knowledge and understanding of e-business entrepreneurship and the pivotal role of top management support in today’s very dynamic environment. Furthermore, the present study offers new insights into the impact of organizational capabilities on establishing e-business entrepreneurship.
Can CrossFit aid in addiction recovery? An exploratory media analysis of popular press
Authors: Lautner Shelby C. , Patterson Megan S. , Ramirez Melitza , Heinrich Katie
Published: April 2020

Purpose

CrossFit has been popularized for the high intensity workouts it provides and the sense of community it facilitates; however, its potential as an adjunctive treatment for addiction is unknown, as is has not been published in traditional peer-reviewed literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the potential for CrossFit to benefit individuals in addiction recovery.

Design/methodology/approach

A search was conducted using the search terms “CrossFit,” “addiction” and “addiction recovery.” A tool was created to categorize key information within articles such as type(s) of addiction described, mention of support/community, main narrative type (personal story, information about a treatment centers, etc.), mental health described as a comorbidity, and if the exercise program(s) was(were) used to prevent, sustain or support recovery.

Findings

Nearly half of the articles reviewed (48 per cent) described personal stories related to using CrossFit as a means to overcome addiction, and 26 per cent were about CrossFit gyms targeting addiction recovery. A key finding was that 62 per cent of all articles mentioned the community and social component of CrossFit as an important mechanism of the recovery process. Finally, 33 per cent of articles recognized mental health as a comorbidity to addiction and therefore also proposed CrossFit as a suitable way to improve mental health.

Research limitations/implications

Although this was a review of gray literature, the findings reveal how CrossFit may be an innovative approach for supporting addiction recovery.

Practical implications

The potential benefits identified in the articles demonstrate the positive impact that CrossFit may have on recovering addicts. Empirical research is needed to objectively study the impact of key aspects that CrossFit can provide to individuals overcoming addiction.

Originality/value

This study provides an example of how anecdotal evidence of addiction recovery can be used for analysis, thus providing a strategy to be implemented in addiction treatment facilities. CrossFit has been widely popularized by the fitness community, but the social support and exercise it provides may be a leverage point for supporting individuals in recovery.
Vote or not? How various information cues affect helpfulness voting of online reviews
Authors: Deng Weihua , Yi Ming , Lu Yingying
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The helpfulness vote is a type of aggregate user representation that, by measuring the quality of an online review based on certain criteria, can allow readers to find helpful reviews more quickly. Although widely applied in practice, the effectiveness of the voting mechanism is unsatisfactory. This paper uses the heuristic–systematic model and the theory of dynamics of reviews to shed light on the effect of various information cues (product ratings, word count and product attributes in the textual content of reviews) on online reviews’ aggregative voting process. It proposes a conceptual model of seven empirically tested hypotheses.

Design/methodology/approach

A dataset of user-generated online hotel reviews (n = 6,099) was automatically extracted from Ctrip.com. In order to measure the variable of product attributes as a systematic cue, the paper uses Chinese word segmentation, a part-of-speech tag and word frequency statistics to analyze online textual content. To verify the seven hypotheses, SPSS 17.0 was used to perform multiple linear regression.

Findings

The results show that the aggregative process of helpfulness voting can be divided into two stages, initial and cumulative voting, depending on whether voting is affected by the previous votes. Heuristic (product ratings, word count) and systematic cues (product attributes in the textual content) respectively exert a greater impact on the two stages. Furthermore, the interaction of heuristic and systematic cues plays an important role in both stages, with a stronger impact on the cumulative voting stage and a weaker one on the initial stage.

Practical implications

This paper’s findings can be used to explore improvements to helpfulness voting by aligning it with an individual’s information process strategy, such as by providing more explicating heuristic cues, developing different methods of presenting relevant cues to promote the voting decision at different stages, and specifying the cognitive mechanisms when designing the functions and features of helpfulness voting.

Originality/value

This study explores the aggregative process of helpfulness votes, drawing on the study of the dynamics of online reviews for the first time. It also contributes to the understanding of the influence of various information cues on the process from an information process perspective.
“Circles of support”: social isolation, targeted assistance, and the value of “ageing in place” for older people
Authors: Bolton Emma , Dacombe Rod
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This study aims to explore the experiences of older people “ageing in place”, focussing on the implementation of “Circles of Support”, a pilot intervention aimed at mitigating the risk of hospitalisation amongst socially-isolated older people.

Design/methodology/approach

The study draws on qualitative research, taking in semi-structured interviews with participants in the intervention and with community networkers involved in delivering the programme.

Findings

The research provides indicative findings supporting the idea that social isolation is linked to health issues amongst older people. It also suggests that targeted interventions can go some way to mitigating this problem. The findings presented here also indicate the importance of a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of socially-isolated older people in designing and delivering interventions.

Originality/value

The study contribution is in three areas. It presents findings based on the pilot programme relating to the experiences of older people at risk of social isolation and provides an indication of the value of interventions aimed at tackling social isolation, connecting these to the risk of hospitalisation.
Disentangling the steps of the infection process responsible for juvenile disease susceptibility
Authors: Izhar Rony , Gilboa Chen , Ben‐Ami Frida
Published: April 2020

Juveniles of diverse host taxa, including vertebrates, invertebrates and plants, are more susceptible to parasitic infections than adults, a phenomenon still poorly understood.

To shed light on the mechanisms underlying this host age effect, we investigated its expression during different steps of the infection process of a bacterial parasite of the planktonic crustacean Daphnia. To do so, we infected juvenile and adult Daphnia magna with the bacterium Pasteuria ramosa and monitored parasite development in experiments specific to different steps of the infection process.

We did not find an effect of host age on parasite attachment, but found a strong increase in the penetration time of the parasite into hosts with increasing age. Host age at exposure also affected within‐host parasite development, which was delayed in old adult D. magna in comparison to young adults and juveniles. Furthermore, parasite clearance was observed only in old adults, suggesting that old hosts have a better immune response than young adults and juveniles.

Our results reveal a step‐specific effect of host age on disease progression, giving support for different hypotheses explaining high juvenile disease susceptibility. While these mechanisms are likely to work independently from each other, earlier steps of the infection process influence later steps, and thus may respond more readily to selection than later steps.

Our results also highlight that clearance can occur both during early parasite establishment and surprisingly at progressed infection phases, an undocumented phenomenon in invertebrates, where late infections are often considered chronic, lasting until host death.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
MR enterography – Impact on image quality between single‐ versus split‐dose Buscopan
Authors: Rao Akshay , Sitheeque Fariha , Gustafson Sonja , Lu Macy , Prior Marita
Published: April 2020

Introduction

MR enterography (MRE) is the most common imaging modality used to assess small bowel pathology, particularly patients with suspected Crohn's disease. Spasmolytic agents, most commonly Buscopan, are routinely used to reduce or cease movement/bowel activity in order to reduce blurring of the images which would otherwise reduce its diagnostic quality. The purpose of this study was to determine if administering an evenly split dose of Buscopan would improve the quality of images obtained relative to the standard single dose performed at our institution.

Methods

Cine sequences through the anterior and mid‐abdomen were performed to assess and document small bowel peristalsis. Additional analysis was performed by the use of digital subtraction and measuring the signal‐to‐noise ratio value on the subtracted image, which was used to compare the amount of small bowel movement.

Results

A total of 34 patients who presented to the Department of Medical Imaging between October 2018 and April 2019 were included. In the anterior section, those in the split‐dose group had a mean difference of 2.4 lower number of peristalsing bowel loops compared to the single‐dose group (P = 0.001), while in the mid‐section, those in the split‐dose group had a mean difference of 2.5 lower number of peristalsing bowel loops compared to the single‐dose group (P‐value = 0.001).

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that split‐dose Buscopan significantly reduced peristalsis compared to single‐dose Buscopan, and a reduction in peristalsis reduces one aspect of motion artefact, which translates to better images.
Real‐life experience with non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in patients undergoing elective cardioversion of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Itäinen‐Strömberg Saga , Hekkala Anna‐Mari , Aro Aapo L. , Vasankari Tuija , Airaksinen Kari Eino Juhani , Lehto Mika
Published: April 2020

Background

Nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are increasingly used in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing elective cardioversion (ECV). The aim was to investigate the use of NOACs and warfarin in ECV in a real‐life setting and to assess how the chosen regimen affected the delay to ECV and rate of complications.

Methods

Consecutive AF patients undergoing ECVs in the city hospitals of Helsinki between January 2015 and December 2016 were studied. Data on patient characteristics, delays to cardioversion, anticoagulation treatment, acute (<30 days) complications, and regimen changes within one year were evaluated.

Results

Nine hundred patients (59.2% men; mean age, 68.0 ± 10.0) underwent 992 ECVs, of which 596 (60.0%) were performed using NOACs and 396 (40.0%) using warfarin. The mean CHA2DS2‐VASc score was 2.5 (±1.6). In patients without previous anticoagulation treatment, NOACs were associated with a shorter mean time to cardioversion than warfarin (51 versus. 68 days, respectively; p < .001). Six thromboembolic events (0.6%) occurred: 4 (0.7%) in NOAC‐treated patients and 2 (0.5%) in warfarin‐treated patients. Clinically relevant bleeding events occurred in seven patients (1.8%) receiving warfarin and three patients (0.5%) receiving NOACs. Anticoagulation treatment was altered for 99 patients (11.0%) during the study period, with the majority (88.2%) of changes from warfarin to NOACs.

Conclusions

In this real‐life study, the rates of thromboembolic and bleeding complications were low in AF patients undergoing ECV. Patients receiving NOAC therapy had a shorter time to cardioversion and continued their anticoagulation therapy more often than patients on warfarin.
Hypothermic treatment for neonatal asphyxia in low‐resource settings using phase‐changing material—An easy to use and low‐cost method
Authors: Tran Hang T. T. , Le Ha T. T. , Tran Hanh T. P. , Khu Dung T. K. , Lagercrantz Hugo , Tran Dien M. , Winbladh Birger , Hellström‐Westas Lena , Alfvén Tobias , Olson Linus
Published: April 2020

Aim

To evaluate whether phase‐changing material can be used for therapeutic hypothermia of asphyxiated newborns in low‐resource settings.

Methods

Prospective interventional study of asphyxiated term infants fulfilling criteria for hypothermia treatment at Vietnam National Children's Hospital from September 2014 to September 2016. Hypothermia was induced within 6 hours after birth and maintained for 72 hours by a phase‐changing material mattress with melting point of 32°C. Rectal temperature was continuously measured, and deviations from target temperature range 33.5‐34.5°C were recorded.

Results

In total 52 infants (mean gestational age 39.3 ± 1.1 weeks) included and cooled, the median temperature at initiation of cooling was 35.3 (IQR 34.5‐35.9)°C. The median time to reach target temperature was 2.5 (IQR 2‐3) hours. The mean temperature during the cooling phase was 33.95 ± 0.2°C. Throughout the cooling phase, the target temperature range (33.5‐34.5°C) was maintained more than 80% of the time. Rate of rewarming was 0.5 ± 0.14°C/hour.

Conclusion

Phase‐changing material can be used as an effective cooling method. Though not a servo‐controlled system, it is easy to induce hypothermia, maintain target temperature and rewarm infants in a slow and controlled manner without need for frequent changes and minimum risk of skin injury.
The Impact of Suppliers’ Adoption of Voluntary Labour Codes/Certifications on Job Quality in Global Supply Chains: The Sri Lankan Case of Garments without Guilt
Authors: Jayasinghe Mevan , (Chip) Hunter Larry W.
Published: April 2020

Codes of conduct and certifications on labour standards are designed to distinguish export manufacturing suppliers offering higher quality jobs from those offering poor quality jobs. However, previous research suggests that such codes/certifications have a limited impact on job quality. These studies do not differentiate between ‘compliance‐based codes of conduct’ that retailers enforce on suppliers and ‘voluntary labour codes/certifications’ that suppliers adopt at their discretion. We examine the relationship between suppliers’ adoption of the Garments without Guilt (GwG) voluntary labour code/certification and job quality using fieldwork and longitudinal data on Sri Lankan export apparel suppliers. We find that GwG adoption is associated with higher base pay and safer work, while base pay is lower for GwG adopters that are simultaneously subject to retailers’ enforcement of compliance‐based codes.
Prenatal diagnosis of fetal aortopulmonary window by two‐ and four‐dimensional echocardiography with spatiotemporal image correlation
Authors: Tang Huiyu , Wang Yu , Sun Xue , Zhang Ying
Published: April 2020

Background

Aortopulmonary window (APW) is a rare congenital heart disease which challenges most screening sonographers. The current study aims to summarize the two‐dimensional (2D) and four‐dimensional (4D) sonographic features in the fetal diagnosis.

Methods

Ten cases of fetal APW were retrospectively reviewed, including 6 and 4 fetuses with distal and proximal defects, respectively. In addition, 40 normal fetuses with similar gestational age were also enrolled. The angle (α) between the pulmonary artery and aorta, and the length (D) of the ductus/pulmonary artery before its convergence with aorta were measured and compared between the normal and APW fetuses, respectively. Cardiac volumes of APW fetuses were acquired with spatial temporal image correlation (STIC) technique and post‐analyzed to obtain 4D rendered images.

Results

The D and the α were smaller and greater in distal APW fetuses than those in the normal fetuses, respectively (both P < .01), while no difference presented between the proximal APW fetuses and the normal fetuses. The ductus was absent for all distal APW fetuses, while it was normal for proximal APW fetuses. In 9 of 10 fetuses (90%), the 4D rendered image could be successfully obtained, which clearly showed the abnormal blood communication between the two great arteries in space.

Conclusion

It is essential to scan around the three‐vessel view and three‐vessel trachea view to identify fetal APW using grayscale and color Doppler echocardiography. Distal APW is always with an increasing angulation between aorta and the pulmonary artery, and without the presence of normal ductus. 4D STIC technique may provide additional spatial relationships of the great arteries and thus help the diagnosis and consultation.
Interactive climate factors restrict future increases in spring productivity of temperate and boreal trees
Authors: Zohner Constantin M. , Mo Lidong , Pugh Thomas A. M. , Bastin Jean‐Francois , Crowther Thomas W.
Published: April 2020

Climate warming is currently advancing spring leaf‐out of temperate and boreal trees, enhancing net primary productivity (NPP) of forests. However, it remains unclear whether this trend will continue, preventing for accurate projections of ecosystem functioning and climate feedbacks. Several ecophysiological mechanisms have been proposed to regulate the timing of leaf emergence in response to changing environmental cues, but the relative importance of those mechanisms remains unclear. Here, we use 727,401 direct phenological observations of common European forest trees to examine the dominant controls on leaf‐out. Using the emerging mechanisms, we forecast future trajectories of spring arrival and evaluate the consequences for forest carbon dynamics. By representing hypothesized relationships with autumn temperature, winter chilling, and the timing of spring onset, we accurately predicted reductions in the advance of leaf‐out. There was a strong consensus between our empirical model and existing process‐based models, revealing that the advance in leaf‐out will not exceed 2 weeks over the rest of the century. We further estimate that, under a ‘business‐as‐usual’ climate scenario, earlier spring arrival will enhance NPP of temperate and boreal forests by ~0.2 Gt per year at the end of the century. In contrast, previous estimates based on a simple degree‐day model range around 0.8 Gt. As such, the expected NPP is drastically reduced in our updated model relative to previous estimates—by a total of ~25 Gt over the rest of the century. These findings reveal important environmental constraints on the productivity of broad‐leaved deciduous trees and highlight that shifting spring phenology is unlikely to slow the rate of warming by offsetting anthropogenic carbon emissions.
Dermatological manifestations of Epstein‐Barr virus systemic infection: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ciccarese Giulia , Trave Ilaria , Herzum Astrid , Parodi Aurora , Drago Francesco
Published: April 2020

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus spread in childhood by contact with saliva. In all populations, the great majority of people are infected by middle age. EBV can cause asymptomatic infection, nonspecific symptoms or, especially in adolescents and young adults, the infectious mononucleosis (IM), characterized by pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, fatigue, and fever. Two main types of skin rashes, accounted as atypical exanthems, occur in patients with acute IM: a faint erythematous maculopapular eruption of 24–48 hours duration (5–15% of the patients) or a pruritic maculopapular rash in almost all patients receiving ampicillin or amoxicillin. Moreover EBV acute infection has been related to other cutaneous manifestations, such as Gianotti‐Crosti syndrome, unilateral laterothoracic exanthem (especially in children), and others. In this study, we reported a case of atypical exanthem with an erythematous‐papulovesicular pattern in a 22‐year‐old female patient with IM and performed a review of the literature of the cutaneous and mucosal eruptions occurring during EBV acute infections.
The southernmost record and an update of the geographical range of the Atlantic chupare, Styracura schmardae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes)
Authors: Sales Manuela Alves Nobre , Freitas João Eduardo Pereira de , Cavalcante Carlos Costa , Santander‐Neto Jones , Charvet Patricia , Faria Vicente Vieira
Published: April 2020

The present study established the southernmost distribution range for the Chupare stingray Styracura schmardae based on a specimen caught on the easternmost portion of Ceará State, northeastern Brazil. Identification was based on diagnostic morphological characters and molecular data (sequence of the mitochondrial DNA gene nd2; 1046 bp). This record expands the known distribution range for this species by more than 1200 km and confirms that S. schmardae is distributed in more than one biogeographical province.

Significance statement

There are few records of the Atlantic Chupare stingray for Brazil and most of them are associated with the Amazon River mouth. New records indicate that this species is also present in the South Atlantic portion of the Brazilian coast. Apparently having a low abundance throughout its range, these new records increase the range of occurrence of this species.
The potential for natural flood management to maintain free discharge at urban drainage outfalls
Authors: Ferguson Charlie R. , Fenner Richard A.
Published: April 2020

This study examines whether catchment‐scale natural flood management (NFM) interventions could help to manage water levels in downstream urban watercourses and promote free discharge from surface drainage outfalls. A coupled modelling approach consisting of Dynamic TOPMODEL, HEC‐RAS, and Infoworks ICM models is used to characterise the response from a small Cambridgeshire catchment. Four different NFM scenarios (consisting of in‐channel woody debris and wider catchment afforestation) are defined. The attenuation of catchment response created by these measures is evaluated for an historic event and six different design storms. The consequent moderation of water depths at two downstream drainage outfalls is investigated with respect to maintaining free discharge from a surface drainage system. The case study results show that greatest reductions in the time of outfall inundation from NFM occur during frequent storm events (e.g., up to 5.75 hr during a 5‐year event). These reductions diminish with increasing storm severity but, by slightly desynchronising rural and urban responses, upstream interventions continue to have modest benefit for downstream drainage performance (e.g., preventing system capacity being exceeded during a 100‐year event). These results may interest water companies (increasingly involved in catchment‐scale NFM projects) looking to improve performance of surface water drainage.
Paradoxical bulging of mentalis after botulinum toxin type A injection
Authors: Yu Nanze , Liu Yutong , Chen Cheng , Dong Ruijia , Yang Elan , Wang Xiaojun
Published: April 2020

Background

Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injection is a widely‐used procedure to correct cosmetic problems caused by muscular hyperactivity. “Cobblestone chin” refers to the appearance of remarkable chin creases caused by mentalis contraction.

Aims

The aim of this case report is to raise the awareness of paradoxical bulging after BTA injection in mentalis.

Patient/Methods

A 26‐year‐old female asked for cosmetic correction of the “cobblestone chin”. BTA injection was performed routinely to the mentalis muscle. However, on the second day after injection, an unusual paradoxical bulging at chin was presented.

Results

We speculated that the imbalanced relaxation of mentalis caused by improper injection and uneven diffusion of BTA is responsible for the bulging. After a supplementary injection of BTA in the remaining hyperactive muscle fibers based on the ultrasound examination, the bulging was relieved and chin contour improved significantly.

Conclusion

Injection of BTA in mentalis should cover the whole thickness of the muscle to prevent imbalanced paralysis and paradoxical chin bulging, especially in severe mentalis hyperactivity cases.
Risk relevance of psychometric assessment and evaluator ratings of dynamic risk factors in high‐risk violent offenders
Authors: Higgs Tamsin , Olver Mark E. , Nunes Kevin , Cortoni Franca
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Relatively little research has been conducted with high‐risk violent (non‐sexual) offenders to establish whether measures administered to evaluate change during offending behaviour programmes contain risk relevant information. The present study aims to contribute to the evidence base relevant to decisions concerning whether or not psychometric assessments indicate how the violence risk presented by an individual may be understood differently pre‐ to post‐treatment.

Methods

Two hundred and twenty‐seven persistently violent offenders participating in Correctional Service of Canada’s Violence Prevention Program were assessed on measures of anger, impulsivity, and dynamic items of the Violence Risk Scale (VRS; Wong & Gordon, 1999–2003; Violence Risk Scale, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, CA) prior to and after programme completion and subsequently followed up in the community for an average of 3 years. Data were examined using receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses employing fixed follow‐ups.

Results

With pre‐treatment status controlled, change on few of the measures convincingly predicted violent or general recidivism. An exception was that changes in VRS dynamic score were associated with decreased general (but not violent) recidivism, controlling for baseline pre‐treatment risk.

Conclusions

The measures tested are widely used to evaluate progress in violence interventions yet the implicit assumption that they contain risk relevant information has not been empirically validated. Since reduction in dynamic risk factors translates into reduced likelihood of reoffending, but psychometric measures provide little indication of change in recidivism risk, treatment providers are advised to carefully contextualize pre‐ to post‐treatment change within a comprehensive evaluation of static and dynamic risk using a measure such as the VRS. Present results are discussed further in terms of implications for policy and clinical practice, as well as future research directions.
Local Evolutionary Debunking Arguments
Authors: Cosker‐Rowland Rach
Published: April 2020

Evolutionary debunking arguments in ethics aim to use facts about the evolutionary causes of ethical beliefs to undermine their justification. Global Evolutionary Debunking Arguments (GDAs) are arguments made in metaethics that aim to undermine the justification of all ethical beliefs. Local Evolutionary Debunking Arguments (LDAs) are arguments made in first‐order normative ethics that aim to undermine the justification of only some of our ethical beliefs. Guy Kahane, Regina Rini, Folke Tersman, and Katia Vavova argue for skepticism about the possibility of LDAs. They argue that LDAs cannot be successful because they over‐extend in a way that makes them self‐undermining and yield a form of moral skepticism. In this paper I argue that this skepticism about the possibility of LDAs is misplaced.
Intrasinus bolstering of traumatic maxillary sinus fractures by using Foley catheter balloons in two foals
Authors: Gardner Alison K. , Santschi Elizabeth M. , Mudge Margaret C. , Belknap James K. , Metzler Anne G.
Published: April 2020

Objective

To describe the repair of unstable facial fractures by using Foley catheter balloons as intrasinus bolsters.

Study design

Case report

Animals

Two weanling foals with unilateral fractures of the sinus and orbit secondary to kick injuries. Preoperative imaging that included positive contrast dacrocystorhinography and computed tomography confirmed severe comminution of facial fractures and nasolacrimal duct disruption in both foals.

Methods

Small bone fragments were surgically removed, and large fragments were retained even when denuded of periosteum. Repair procedures included nasolacrimal canaliculosinusotomy and suturing fracture fragments together with polydioxanone sutures. After fixation, the fracture fragments could be depressed into the sinus with manual pressure, so two intrasinus Foley catheters were placed to bolster the sinus wall, with the tubing exiting through a frontal sinus trephine. The skin was completely closed over the fractures. Catheters and nasolacrimal stenting were maintained in place during fracture healing.

Results

One foal prematurely dislodged catheters and nasolacrimal stent 11 days after fixation. The catheters and stenting were removed as planned 4 weeks after surgery in the second foal. Wound, fracture healing, and overall cosmesis was good in both foals, and epiphora resolved. Surgical site infection, sinusitis, and sequestration did not occur. Both foals became high‐level performance horses with acceptable cosmetic outcome and good bilateral nasal airflow.

Conclusion

Foley catheter balloons supported sinus fracture repair and maintained stability of the surgical reconstruction during convalescence.

Clinical significance

Suture repair of comminuted sinus fractures can be supported by using Foley catheters, which are readily available.
Epidemiological study of Giardia duodenalis infection in companion dogs from the metropolitan area of São Paulo Brazil
Authors: Chiebao Daniela Pontes , Martins Camila Marinelli , Pena Hilda Fatima de Jesus , Gabriel Fábio Henrique de Lima , Turazza Juliana , Soares Herbert , Merlo Alexandre
Published: April 2020

Giardia duodenalis is a zoonotic pathogen associated with gastrointestinal disease that has a direct life cycle, with cysts eliminated in the faeces of an infected host being ingested by a susceptible host. In Brazil, studies of chronically infected adult dogs estimated a prevalence of 10%–20%. Diagnosis of giardiasis, as a cause of diarrhoea is important for the global One‐Health guidelines when controlling cyst dissemination in the environment. We investigated the prevalence of G. duodenalis in the pet dog population of the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, compared the efficacy of direct tests available to the veterinary clinical practice and attempted to identify possible risk factors associated with the parasite. Ten veterinary practices distributed throughout the municipality randomly performed the rapid SNAP ELISA test on canine faecal samples, and dog owners provided information specific to the animal via a questionnaire. The samples were also analysed using sucrose and zinc sulphate flotation techniques. Sensitivity and specificity of the tests were used to calculate required number of samples and true prevalence. Significance, agreement among tests, and odds ratio (OR) were assessed with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. The prevalence of G. duodenalis in dogs (n = 265) was 6.9% (CI 3.47–11.21). Positive tests were significantly more frequent in animals younger than 1 year, with an OR for G. duodenalis occurrence nearly 7‐fold that of older dogs. Direct diagnosis tests showed high agreement (96.1%, κ = 0.729; p < .0001) showing that the combined techniques provide a highly accurate diagnosis. Results indicated that the control of the pathogen has been improving in the pet dog population in metropolitan Sao Paulo, but management tools including diagnosis, immunization, and treatment, especially in puppies, must be continued in order to advance towards continuous decrease of the disease.
The effect of lifelong endurance exercise on cardiovascular structure and exercise function in women
Authors: Carrick‐Ranson Graeme , Sloane Nikita M. , Howden Erin J. , Bhella Paul S. , Sarma Satyam , Shibata Shigeki , Fujimoto Naoki , Hastings Jeffrey L. , Levine Benjamin D.
Published: April 2020

Key points

The beneficial effects of sustained or lifelong (>25 years) endurance exercise on cardiovascular structure and exercise function have been largely established in men.

The current findings indicate that committed (≥4 weekly exercise sessions) lifelong exercise results in substantial benefits in exercise capacity (), cardiovascular function at submaximal and maximal exercise, left ventricular mass and compliance, and blood volume compared to similarly aged or even younger (middle‐age) untrained women.

Endurance exercise training should be considered a key strategy to prevent cardiovascular disease with ageing in women as well as men.

This study was a retrospective, cross‐sectional analysis of exercise performance and left ventricular (LV) morphology in 70 women to examine whether women who have performed regular, lifelong endurance exercise acquire the same beneficial adaptations in cardiovascular structure and function and exercise performance that have been reported previously in men. Three groups of women were examined: (1) 35 older (>60 years) untrained women (older untrained, OU), (2) 13 older women who had consistently performed four or more endurance exercise sessions weekly for at least 25 years (older trained, OT), and (3) 22 middle‐aged (range 35–59 years) untrained women (middle‐aged untrained, MU) as a reference control for the appropriate age‐related changes. Oxygen uptake () and cardiovascular function (cardiac output (); stroke volume (SV) acetylene rebreathing) were examined at rest, steady‐state submaximal exercise and maximal exercise (maximal oxygen uptake, ). Blood volume (CO rebreathing) and LV mass (cardiac magnetic resonance imaging), plus invasive measures of static and dynamic chamber compliance were also examined. (p < 0.001) and maximal exercise and SV were larger in older trained women compared to the two untrained groups (∼17% and ∼27% for and SV, respectively, versus MU; ∼40% and ∼38% versus OU, all p < 0.001). Blood volume (mL kg−1) and LV mass index (g m−2) were larger in OT versus OU (∼11% and ∼16%, respectively, both P ≤ 0.015) Static LV chamber compliance was greater in OT compared to both untrained groups (median (25–75%): MU: 0.065 (0.049–0.080); OU: 0.085 (0.061–0.138); OT: 0.047 (0.031–0.054), P ≤ 0.053). Collectively, these findings indicate that lifetime endurance exercise appears to be extremely effective at preserving or even enhancing cardiovascular structure and function with advanced age in women.
Increased skin wetness independently augments cool‐seeking behaviour during passive heat stress
Authors: Vargas Nicole T. , Chapman Christopher L. , Ji Wenjie , Johnson Blair D. , Gathercole Rob , Schlader Zachary J.
Published: April 2020

Key points

Skin wetness occurring secondary to the build‐up of sweat on the skin provokes thermal discomfort, the precursor to engaging in cool‐seeking behaviour.

Associative evidence indicates that skin wetness stimulates cool‐seeking behaviour to a greater extent than increases in core and mean skin temperatures.

The independent contribution of skin wetness to cool‐seeking behaviour during heat stress has never been established.

We demonstrate that skin wetness augments cool‐seeking behaviour during passive heat stress independently of differential increases in skin temperature and core temperature.

We also identify that perceptions of skin wetness were not elevated despite increases in actual skin wetness.

These data support the proposition that afferent signalling from skin wetness enhances the desire to engage in cool‐seeking behaviour during passive heat stress.

This study tested the hypothesis that elevations in skin wetness augments cool‐seeking behaviour during passive heat stress. Twelve subjects (6 females, age: 24 ± 2 y) donned a water‐perfused suit circulating 34 °C water and completed two trials resting supine in a 28.5 ± 0.4 °C environment. The trials involved a 20 min baseline period (26 ± 3% relative humidity (RH)), 60 min while ambient humidity was maintained at 26±3% RH (LOW) or increased to 67 ± 5% RH (HIGH), followed by 60 min passive heat stress (HS) where the water temperature in the suit was incrementally increased to 50 °C. Subjects were able to seek cooling when their neck was thermally uncomfortable by pressing a button. Each button press initiated 30 s of −20 °C fluid perfusing through a custom‐made device secured against the skin on the dorsal neck. Mean skin (Tskin) and core (Tcore) temperatures, mean skin wetness (Wskin) and neck device temperature (Tdevice) were measured continuously. Cool‐seeking behaviour was determined from total time receiving cooling (TTcool) and cumulative button presses. Tskin and Tcore increased during HS (P < 0.01) but were not different between conditions (P ≥ 0.11). Wskin was elevated in HIGH vs. LOW during HS (60 min: by + 0.06 ± 0.07 a.u., P ≤ 0.04). Tdevice was lower in HIGH vs. LOW at 40–50 min of HS (P ≤ 0.01). TTcool was greater for HIGH (330 ± 172 s) vs. LOW (225 ± 167 s, P < 0.01), while the number of cumulative button presses was greater from 40–60 min in HS for HIGH vs. LOW (P ≤ 0.04). Increased skin wetness amplifies the engagement in cool‐seeking behaviour during passive heat stress.
Design of Linear Parameter-Varying Based Sliding Mode Regulator for Limit Protection of Aero-Engines
Authors: Yang Shu-Bo , Wang Xi , Sun Peng-Hui
Published: April 2020

In aircraft engine control, replacing linear regulators by sliding mode control (SMC) regulators is considered as an effective approach to reducing the conservatism in the traditional treatment for limit protection. However, most of the relevant studies are based on linear descriptions, which cannot represent the nonlinear systems directly due to their limited valid range. Even if gain scheduling techniques are employed, the stability of the nonlinear systems cannot be theoretically guaranteed. In this paper, a sliding mode strategy for a class of uncertain linear parameter varying (LPV) systems is studied. LPV descriptions are applied to extend the valid range of the linear models covering the entire operation envelope with guaranteed performance and stability. The mismatch between LPV and the real systems is considered as uncertainties. With a sliding surface defined by the tracking errors, system properties on the surface are proved to be satisfactory. After that, a reaching law is designed to ensure global invariance of SMC. Based on a reliable model turbofan, simulation results show that the SMC method can fully exploit the limit margin and, compared to the traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control, has a faster response. In addition, stability and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified in a temperature protection case.
An Equivalent Constitutive Model of Cancellous Bone With Fracture Prediction
Authors: Salem Mohammad , Westover Lindsey , Adeeb Samer , Duke Kajsa
Published: April 2020

To simulate the mechanical and fracture behaviors of cancellous bone in three anatomical directions and to develop an equivalent constitutive model. Microscale extended finite element method (XFEM) models of a cancellous specimen were developed with mechanical behaviors in three anatomical directions. An appropriate abaqus macroscale model replicated the behavior observed in the microscale models. The parameters were defined based on the intermediate bone material properties in the anatomical directions and assigned to an equivalent nonporous specimen of the same size. The equivalent model capability was analyzed by comparing the micro- and macromodels. The hysteresis graphs of the microscale model show that the modulus is the same in loading and unloading; similar to the metal plasticity models. The strength and failure strains in each anatomical direction are higher in compression than in tension. The microscale models exhibited an orthotropic behavior. Appropriate parameters of the cast iron plasticity model were chosen to generate macroscale models that are capable of replicating the observed microscale behavior of cancellous bone. Cancellous bone is an orthotropic material that can be simulated using a cast iron plasticity model. This model is capable of replicating the microscale behavior in finite element (FE) analysis simulations without the need for individual trabecula, leading to a reduction in computational resources without sacrificing model accuracy. Also, XFEM of cancellous bone compared to traditional finite element method proves to be a valuable tool to predict and model the fractures in the bone specimen.
Wider vision capability provided by a curved surface sample holder for TOF-SIMS imaging
Authors: Iida Shin-ichi , Chang Hsun-Yun , Fisher Gregory L. , Miyayama Takuya , Tanaka Ibuki
Published: April 2020

The biggest advantage of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is imaging performance. TOF-SIMS is the only surface analysis technique which can provide the elemental and molecular ion images with high spatial resolution and high sensitivity. However, acquiring accurate images of uniform intensity from three-dimensional (3D) objects having curved surfaces is challenging because the ion extraction field in a TOF-SIMS system is ideally suited for the measurement of flat samples. When the authors observe the samples which have curved surfaces, the observable region is often restricted; it is, therefore, impossible to discuss the chemical abundance of components at various locations on the sample surface. Several methods to solve this problem have been proposed, e.g., delayed extraction or embedding the sample, but each has some disadvantages. Therefore, the authors have developed a curved surface sample holder for the uniform extraction of ions from 3D objects. This sample holder succeeded to expand the observable region dramatically without any significant drawbacks. In this article, the capability for uniform imaging afforded by the newly designed sample holder will be demonstrated.
A brief social-belonging intervention in college improves adult outcomes for black Americans
Authors: Brady Shannon T. , Cohen Geoffrey L. , Jarvis Shoshana N. , Walton Gregory M.
Published: April 2020

For black Americans, addressing worries about belonging early in college supported a better trajectory into adult life.
Mathematical prediction of clinical outcomes in advanced cancer patients treated with checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy
Authors: Butner Joseph D. , Elganainy Dalia , Wang Charles X. , Wang Zhihui , Chen Shu-Hsia , Esnaola Nestor F. , Pasqualini Renata , Arap Wadih , Hong David S. , Welsh James , Koay Eugene J. , Cristini Vittorio
Published: April 2020

A mathematical model of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy yields patient-specific prognosis of tumor kill and patient survival.
The vertebrate-specific VENTX/NANOG gene empowers neural crest with ectomesenchyme potential
Authors: Scerbo Pierluigi , Monsoro-Burq Anne H.
Published: April 2020

Vertebrate-specific
ventx/nanog
genes are essential for vertebrate neural crest multipotency and ectomesenchyme formation.
Evolutionary trade-off in reproduction of Cambrian arthropods
Authors: Ou Qiang , Vannier Jean , Yang Xianfeng , Chen Ailin , Mai Huijuan , Shu Degan , Han Jian , Fu Dongjing , Wang Rong , Mayer Georg
Published: April 2020

An evolutionary trade-off between quantity and quality of offspring is demonstrated in two closely related Cambrian arthropods.
Structural monitoring of a transient intermediate in the hemagglutinin fusion machinery on influenza virions
Authors: Benhaim M. A. , Mangala Prasad V. , Garcia N. K. , Guttman M. , Lee K. K.
Published: April 2020

Structural mass spectrometry enables dissection of a transient activated ensemble in influenza hemagglutinin fusion machinery.
Intracellular delivery of Parkin rescues neurons from accumulation of damaged mitochondria and pathological α-synuclein
Authors: Chung Eunna , Choi Youngsil , Park Jiae , Nah Wonheum , Park Jaehyung , Jung Yukdong , Lee Joonno , Lee Hyunji , Park Soyoung , Hwang Sunyoung , Kim Seongcheol , Lee Jongseok , Min Dongjae , Jo Junghwan , Kang Shinyoung , Jung Minyong , Lee Phil Hyu , Ruley H. Earl , Jo Daewoong
Published: April 2020

Cell-permeable Parkin ameliorates Parkinson’s disease-like phenotypes induced by mitochondrial poisons and aggregated α-synuclein.
Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli in Wheat Flour: Detection and Serotyping by a Quasimetagenomic Approach Assisted by Magnetic Capture, Multiple-Displacement Amplification, and Real-Time Sequencing
Authors: Forghani Fereidoun , Li Shaoting , Zhang Shaokang , Mann David A. , Deng Xiangyu , den Bakker Henk C. , Diez-Gonzalez Francisco
Published: April 2020

Enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
(EHEC) and
Salmonella
are of serious concern in low-moisture foods, including wheat flour and its related products, causing illnesses, outbreaks, and recalls. The development of advanced detection methods based on molecular principles of analysis is essential to incorporate into interventions intended to reduce the risk from these pathogens. In this work, a quasimetagenomic method based on real-time sequencing analysis and assisted by magnetic capture and DNA amplification was developed. This protocol is capable of detecting multiple
Salmonella
and/or
E. coli
organisms in the sample within less than a day, and it can also generate sufficient whole-genome sequences of the target organisms suitable for subsequent bioinformatics analysis. Multiplex detection and identification were accomplished in less than 20 h and additional whole-genome analyses of different nature were attained within 36 h, in contrast to the several days required in previous sequencing pipelines.
A Fog-Irrigated Soil Substrate System Unifies and Optimizes Cyanobacterial Biocrust Inoculum Production
Authors: Nelson Corey , Giraldo-Silva Ana , Garcia-Pichel Ferran
Published: April 2020

Biocrust inoculum production for use in dryland rehabilitation is a powerful tool in combating the degradation of dryland ecosystems. However, the facilities and effort required to produce high-quality inoculum are often a barrier to effective large-scale implementation by land managers. By unifying and optimizing the two foremost methods for cyanobacterial biocrust inoculum production, our work improves on the ease and cost with which biocrust restoration technology can be translated to practical widespread implementation.
Genome Sequences of Three Colombian Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated from Tolimense Patients
Authors: Guevara Alix A. , Torres Roberto C. , Suaréz John J. , Castro-Valencia Fabian L. , Parra Giovanna , Torres Javier , Carvajal Carmona Luis , Echeverry de Polanco M. Magdalena , Bohórquez Mabel E.
Published: April 2020

We present the complete genome sequences of threeHelicobacter pyloristrains isolated from patients who resided in Tolima Department, Colombia, diagnosed with chronic gastritis. The genomes present an average length of 1.6 Mbp and 1,546 genes and correspond to differentH. pylorisubpopulations.