bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green production of biologically active Ag and Ag-Cu nanoparticles from Prosopis cineraria pod waste extract and their application in epoxidation
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Sharma Praveen Kumar , Chaturvedi Shivani , Singh Suman , Tripathi Shreya , Fatima Huma , Grover Minakshi , Mohapatra Priyabrat , Chanotiya Chandan Singh , Rout Prasant Kumar
Published: September 2022

Bio-nanotechnologically produced nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing waste materials have been the main focus of the current research. There is a need for developing an advanced technology to reduce waste in an eco-friendly way. Therefore, presently the discarded aqueous portion of Prosopis cineraria pods was used after boiling to synthesize Ag and Ag-Cu NPs. FT-IR spectra illustrated the presence of phenyl propenoids and flavonoids were displaying capping and reducing properties. TEM and SEM imaging exhibited an average size of Ag NPs (14 nm) and Ag-Cu NPs (27 nm). The crystallinity nature was confirmed by XRD, and the Cu in Ag-Cu NPs was validated through energy dispersive X-ray analysis. According to the antimicrobial data, Saccharomyces cerevisiae displayed a zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 42.85% (Ag NPs) and 33.98% (Ag-Cu NPs) at lower concentrations (0.0321 mg/ml), while Bacillus subtilis was found most susceptible (85% ZOI) to Ag NPs at 0.5 mg/ml concentration. Further, these NPs (Ag and Ag-Cu) were utilized in the epoxidation of alkene moieties. Ag NPs showed lower conversion (65%) while, Ag-Cu NPs were very active for epoxidation of linalool (93% conversion), suggesting the presence of Cu was facilitated epoxidation. To the best of our knowledge for the first time, the aqueous waste was applied to prepare green NPs for using as antimicrobial agents and synthesis of platform chemical (epoxide) for industrial aspects. These inexpensive ways of producing green NPs is utilized several times and have found potential applications in nano-medicine, therapeutics, modification of monoterpenoids to fine fragrance, etc.
Solvent pre-selection for binary mixtures based on the infinite dilution at activity coefficients in deep eutectic solvent: Tetraethylammonium chloride + Ethylene glycol
Authors: Yang Xueqin , Wang Qiang , Li Jing , Yalikun Nuerbiya , Xu Liang , Ding Zhen
Published: September 2022

The values of activity coefficient at infinite dilution () were reported of 27 solutes in the tetraethylammonium chloride + ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent at a certain molar ratio 1:2 by inverse gas chromatography (IGC) method at intervals of 10 K from 303.15 to 333.15 K. Then the measured values were used to determine the thermodynamic functions ( and ). The values of selectivity () and capacity () for five extraction problems (e.g. heptane/toluene, benzene/methanol, heptane/thiophene, acetone/ethanol, cyclohexane/benzene, and cyclohexane/ethanol.) were calculated from experimental values as well as compared to literature values of other solvents for the same separation problems. The results indicated that the studied DES is a potential extractant for separation cyclohexane/ethanol and heptane/thiophene problems. The Flory-Huggins interaction parameters () and the gas-to-liquid partition coefficients () were used to evaluate the miscibility between DES and organic probes, and the results showed that alcohols have the best solubility in tested DES. Additionally, the Hildebrand solubility parameters () for tested DES were calculated, and the values of decreased with the increase of temperature.
Minimizing Visible Edges in Polyhedra
Authors: Tóth Csaba D. , Urrutia Jorge , Viglietta Giovanni
Published: September 2022

We prove that, given a polyhedron $\mathcal P$ in $\mathbb{R}^3$, every point in $\mathbb R^3$ that does not see any vertex of $\mathcal P$ must see eight or more edges of $\mathcal P$; this bound is tight. More generally, this remains true if $\mathcal P$ is any finite arrangement of internally disjoint polygons in $\mathbb{R}^3$.
Evaluation of Stresses on Mandible Bone and Prosthetic Parts in Fixed Prosthesis by Utilizing CFR-PEEK, PEKK and PEEK Frameworks
Authors: Shash Yomna H. , Elwakad Mohamed T. , Eldosoky Mohamed A. A. , Dohiem Mohamed M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Fixed prosthesis is an appropriate solution for edentulous patients. In fixed prostheses, following “All on four”, titanium frameworks are commonly used to support the implants. However, the limitations of titanium have prompted the researchers to search for alternative materials (e.g. polymers). The success of fixed prosthesis is predicted to be influenced also by bone quality, particularly spongy bone density. Purpose: This study applied finite element investigations to evaluate the stress distribution in the parts of fixed prosthesis and the surrounding bone tissue, using polymeric frameworks in place of titanium, and different densities of spongy bone.Materials &Methods: Fixed prosthesis was constructed on edentulous mandible, then different frameworks (CFR-PEEK 60%, CFR-PEEK30%, PEKK, and PEEK) were stimulated instead of titanium, using different densities of spongy bone, under 300N unilateral force. Results: The choice of framework material depended on the density of spongy bone. Moreover, PEEK framework showed the lowest stress values on bone tissues and the highest stress values on the mucosa. Conclusions: All frameworks could be used in the fixed prosthesis, in the cases of normal and high densities of spongy bone. In low-density case, soft frameworks (PEKK & PEEK) were recommended to reduce the stresses generated on bone tissues.
The Usefulness of Serial Ultrasound in Thyroid Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma
Authors: Zhang Xiumei , Boxiong Wei , Nong Lin , Zhang Hong , Gao Ying , Ou Jinping
Published: September 2022

Background: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an extranodal lymphoma with an indolent natural course. The thyroid gland is an uncommon site of involvement. We aimed to investigate serial ultrasound features during the clinical course of thyroid MALT lymphoma.Methods: We searched our hospital’s pathology database (5418 patients with thyroid malignancy) between January 2000 and July 2022. The medical records and serial ultrasounds of 11 patients with 12 thyroid MALT lymphoma foci were analyzed retrospectively. from Results: An enlarging neck mass, dyspnea, B symptoms, and neck lymphadenopathy were seen at diagnosis in 9 (9/11, 81.8%), 3 (3/11, 27.3%), 2 (2/11, 18.2%), and 9 (9/11, 81.8%) cases respectively. Eleven cases were concomitant Hashimoto thyroiditis. Common ultrasound features included bilateral or unilateral asymmetric goiter or large, solid, and very hypoechoic nodules (11/12, 91.7%) interspersed with linear, reticular hyperechoic, and enhanced posterior echoes (11/12, 91.7%), and neck lymph node involvement (10/11, 90.9%). The Thyroid Imaging and Reporting Data System (TIRADS) categories showed higher diagnostic accuracy (11/12, 91.7%) than real-time ultrasound (2/12, 16.7%) in evaluating thyroid lesions for recommendation of fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Serial ultrasound showed self-limiting changes in three cases, relapse in three cases after subtotal thyroidectomy and chemotherapy, large cell transformation (LCT) in one case after left lobectomy, partial remission in one case, and complete remission after chemo/radiation in four cases; progression to enlarged thyroid nodules occurred in three cases without treatment, with no obvious change observed after diagnosis. Three patients died during follow-up.Conclusion: On sonograms, solid large thyroid nodules or goiter with very hypoechoic and enhanced posterior echoes in the setting of Hashimoto thyroiditis should raise suspicion for MALT lymphoma. TIRADS categories could improve the ultrasound diagnostic efficacy for malignancy. Serial ultrasound examinations demonstrated self-limiting and indolent natures of thyroid MALT lymphoma.
Structure-adapted multi-channel matching pursuit for seismic trace decomposition
Authors: Zhao Zhencong , Rao Ying , Wang Yanghua
Published: September 2022

While the single-channel matching pursuit decomposes a seismic trace into a series of wavelets, the multi-channel matching pursuit examines the lateral coherence of the seismic traces as a constraint to improve the lateral continuity of the decomposition. However, the presence of structures in the subsurface negatively affects the performance of the multi-channel matching pursuit. We proposed a structure-adapted matching pursuit method that uses a dynamic time-warping (DTW) algorithm to estimate the similarity between adjacent seismic traces and extract an optimal wavelet along the dip plane. This structure-adapted implementation would significantly speed up the convergence of the decomposition process. We modified the DTW algorithm by combining the Euclidean distance of the seismic trace and the first-order temporal derivative of the seismic trace. We also updated the amplitudes of all extracted wavelets simultaneously using the least-squares principle. This DTW-based, structure-adapted, multi-channel, least-squares matching pursuit would improve the robustness and accuracy of the seismic trace decomposition.
Bioinformatics study of PCDHB6 as a prognostic marker for gastric cancer
Authors: Huang Lingyu , Liang Wenken , Wei Jianfen , Xu Ziwei , Sha Yu , Deng Yecheng , Ou Minglin
Published: September 2022

Background
Gastric cancer is a common and fatal disease with the highest incidence and mortality in men. Protocadherin beta 6 (PCDHB6) has not been reported much in tumors and the role of PCDHB6 in gastric cancer is not yet clear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the expression of PCDHB6 in gastric cancer infiltration, invasion and metastasis and to assess the prognostic and functional significance of PCDHB6 in gastric cancer.
Methods
Based on TCGA, GEO database, bioinformatics analysis of PCDHB6 gene was performed from gene expression, survival analysis, gene mutation, immune infiltration, DNA methylation and enrichment analysis. In addition, Real-Time PCR was used to further confirm the role of PCDHB6 in gastric cancer.
Results
PCDHB6 gene was highly expressed in gastric cancer and positively correlated with poor patient prognosis. Real-Time PCR results also showed high expression of PCDHB6 in gastric cancer. PCDHB6 expression was positively correlated with tumor-associated fibroblasts, Basophils, CD4 + memory T-cells, CD8 + T- cells, Eosinophils, Macrophages, Regulatory T-cells and Type 2 T-helper cells were positively correlated with immune infiltration. KEGG and GO enrichment analysis showed that PCDHB6 gene was mainly involved in the regulation of Herpes simplex virus 1 infection, Hippo signaling pathway and cell adhesion pathway.
Conclusions
Our study comprehensive summary and analysis revealed for the first time that PCDHB6 is highly expressed in gastric cancer and is an oncogene. PCDHB6 can be used as a potential prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer and provides a powerful therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Two-Party Quantum Dialogue Protocol with Two-Server in Cross-domain Environment using Double-GHZ-Like Linked Method
Authors: Ma Xiyuan , Gu Mulin , Du Ning , Zhu Hongfeng , Hur Junbeom
Published: September 2022

There is an intuitive connection between GHZ-like states and Cross-domain architecture. Such a connector may lead to a novel way to construct mutual authentication and efficient key agreement protocols between any two clients in arbitrary domain. In this paper, we present a novel rule to link the double-GHZ-Like states which are prepared by the two domain servers respectively. The protocol involves four parties, including two servers and two participants. In this protocol, according to the measured correlation of three-particle entangled state, the communication parties realize mutual authentication by means of the three-particle GHZ-like state prepared by the server. In addition, with the measurement results published by the servers, the two participants perform the double CNOT operations on the corresponding particle sequence according to the negotiation results, and conduct quantum dialogue through the encrypted information held by each other. This is the first time to propose a four-party cross-domain combination of two three-particle GHZ-like states, and to realize the mutual authentication and quantum dialogue of the two-party participants through the corresponding rules. Security analysis shows that the new protocol can resist common external and internal attacks. Compared with the existing two-party or multi-party protocols, this protocol has feasible efficiency.
Prognostic significance of the cachexia index in patients with stages Ⅰ-Ⅲ colorectal cancer
Authors: Kamada Teppei , Haruki Koichiro , Nakashima Keigo , Takahashi Junji , Nakaseko Yuichi , Suzuki Norihiko , Ohdaira Hironori , Eto Ken , Ikegami Toru , Suzuki Yutaka
Published: September 2022

PurposeThe prognostic significance of cachexia index, a novel biomarker of cancer cachexia remains unclear in colorectal cancer (CRC); we evaluated its prognostic significance in CRC.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 306 patients with stage Ⅰ–Ⅲ CRC who underwent R0 resection between April 2010 and March 2020. The cachexia index was calculated as (skeletal muscle index [cm2/m2] × serum albumin level [g/dL])/neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model. ResultsA low cachexia index was obtained in 94 patients. The low-cachexia index group had significantly lower DFS rates than the high-cachexia index group (5-year survival rates, 86.3% vs. 63.1%, p<0.01). In the multivariate analysis, CA19-9 ≥27.9 ng/mL (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–3.05, p=0.045), stage III (HR: 4.06: 95% CI: 2.14–7.68, p<0.01), and low cachexia index (HR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.29–3.80, p=0.004) were significant independent predictors of DFS. The low-cachexia index group had significantly lower OS rates than the high-cachexia index group (87.9% vs. 67.2%, p<0.01). In the multivariate analysis, CA19-9 level ≥27.9 ng/mL (HR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.19–3.75, p=0.010), stage III (HR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.56-–5.67, p=0.001), and low cachexia index (HR: 2.40 95% CI: 1.35–4.29, p=0.003) were significant independent predictors of OS. A similar trend was observed in both stage I+II and stage III CRC patients.ConclusionA low cachexia index might be a long-term prognostic factor in CRC patients, including those with early-stage disease.
Predictive Evaluation of Currents For Nano Multi FinFETs Under Geometry Variations
Authors: Khan Shaheen , Khan Irshad , Ajay Ajay Kumar Dadoria
Published: September 2022

Scaling of the transistor is a prime thrust for development of semiconductor industries. In this paper we have evaluated the impact of ION and IOFF current by applying process variation on different device parameters from 20-7nm of FinFET technology and study the behaviour of the digital circuit with scaling of technology. Here the impact on ION and IOFF current is investigated with the variation of Fins in FinFET transistors for High Performance (HP) and Lower Standby Power (LSTP) models along with applying 10% deviation from nominal values in different device parameters. The simulation results shows that by applying 10% deviation from nominal values of the geometric parameters Length (L) Width (WFin), Hight (HFin), Work Function (WFF), Thickness (TFin), and Source and Drain doping, affects ION current in HP N-FinFET of 20nm technology and has lowest Normalize Standard Deviation of 7% and LSTP P-FinFET in 7nm technology has highest 27% of Normalize Standard deviation. Results also shows that with 3% Normalized Standard Deviation in both HP (N,P FinFET) and LSTP (N,P FinFET) in WFF has an enormous impact on IOFF current i.e. Normalize Standard Deviation of 117% compared to variation in other device parameters which causes maximum Normalize Standard Deviation of 51% and minimum of 5%. Here variations in parameters are done taking 2,4,8,16 fins in FinFET. These experiments are carried on HSPICE simulator at 27°C temperature by using 20-7nm Berkley Predictive Technology Module.
The temporal variation of blood lead levels in Chinese urban children: the China Nutrition and Health Survey (CNHS) 2002 to 2012
Authors: Liu Xiaobing , Gong Zhaolong , Zhang Yu , Zhang Huidi , Wang Jun , Tan Hongxing , Piao Jianhua , Yang Lichen , Yang Xiaoguang
Published: September 2022

Lead (Pb) pollution is a global public health problem and adversely affects children health across a wide range of exposure levels. This study was conducted to evaluate the blood Pb levels (BLLs) of Chinese urban children aged 6−11 years and to describe the temporal variations from the China Nutrition and Health Survey (CNHS) in 2002 and 2012. A total of 2182 (1036vs.1146) Chinese urban children were selected in the CNHS 2002 and the CNHS 2012 using the multistage stratified cluster random and probability proportional to size sampling method. The BLLs of urban children were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), whilst the prevalence of BLLs >50 µg/L and >100 µg/L were calculated, as well as the reference values (RV95s: the upper limit of 95% confidence interval of 95th percentile). From the CNHS 2002 to the CNHS 2021, the median BLLs of Chinese urban children had obviously changed from 67.4 µg/L to 36.9 µg/L, and the RV95s of BLLs had also descrended from 149.1 µg/L to 107.9 µg/L. In addition, the prevalence of BLLs with >50 µg/L and >100 µg/L had markedly decreased from 74.0% and 18.2% in the CNHS 2002 to 28.4% and 5.2% in the CNHS 2021. In conclusion, the BLLs of Chinese urban children had been definitely improved in the past 10 years. However, the findings of our study suggested that it is imperative to implement the monitoring and evaluating and to continue control Pb exposure.
Evaluating the synergy between water-energy-food nexus and decoupling pollution- agricultural growth for sustainable production in the agricultural sector
Authors: Naghavi Somayeh , Mirzaei Abbas , Sardoei Mohsen Adeli , Azarm Hassan
Published: September 2022

Today, growing the production of the agricultural sector in order to meet the increasing demand of food is happening through excessive consumption of water resources, energy, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, especially in developing countries. Therefore, the present study aims to design a new approach for sustainable management of resources and realization of clean production in the agricultural sector. In order to design the new approach of the present study, the integration of two concepts of water-energy-food (WEF) nexus and decoupling pollution- agricultural growth (DEC) was used. The proposed approach is modeled through the multi-objective programming model by optimizing the WEF and DEC indices, which is the first research effort in this field. In this regard, the performance of this approach was evaluated in Jiroft county in Kerman province, Iran. The results of the study showed that the consumption of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the optimal pattern with the simultaneous provision of WEF and gross margin (GM) goals (Optimal 1) is about 110 kg and 0.19 liters per hectare, respectively, more than the proposed pattern (Optimal 3). On the other hand, the consumption of water and energy resources in the optimal pattern with the simultaneous provision of DEC and GM goals (Optimal 2) is about 8785 cubic meters and 1108 MJ per hectare more than the proposed pattern (Optimal 3), respectively. Therefore, this approach, due to the simultaneous integration of two concepts of sustainable development in the agricultural sector, can overcome the weakness of the WEF nexus in not paying attention to the issues of environmental pollution affected by the use of chemical inputs and the weakness of separating pollution- agricultural growth in not paying attention to the management of water and energy resources in the agricultural sector.
CFD modeling of the turbulent airflow over open hilly terrain: Effect of inhomogeneous ABL in neutral conditions
Authors: AMAHJOUR Narjisse , Sofi Anas , Galvánc José Rafel Rodríguez , Khamlichi Abdellatif , kharrim Abderahman El
Published: September 2022

The implementation of the wind turbine is the major issues in the wind engineering sector. However, the presence of the wind turbines in the lower part of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) requires adequate study for the simulation of turbulent airflow the wind farm situated on hilly terrain. In this work, the inflow profiles with the wall treatment are examined and investigated to ascertain an equilibrium profile through the whole of the flat terrain. The purpose of this work is to present a general scalable wall-function roughness modification under a modify limitation for the CFD modeling of ABL flows by using the standard k-ε turbulence model in case of a neutral condition. In the otherwise, the application of the homogeneous conditions of the boundary layer in the presence of the complex topographic and the sensitivity studies of the inflow conditions for predicting the air velocity over hilly terrain are carried out. The methodology is implemented in the Finite Element (FE) commercial code COMSOL 5.4 by means of the User-Defined Equation (UDE). The numerical results are compared with CRIACIV boundary layer wind tunnel experimental data. We indicated that the approach used can be led to achieve a homogeneity of neutral ABL, which yields to give an accurate estimation for velocity and turbulence distribution on the presence of the hill. The obtained results are in good correlation with published experimental data in the case of the inhomogeneous surface, and it is observed that use of the scalable wall-function with roughness to solve the near wall region improves the forecast of flow.
SARS-CoV-2 is losing the CGG-CGG genetic footprint. Working sample of August 2022
Authors: Romeu Antonio R.
Published: September 2022

This work should be seen as a timely delivery of results of a longitudinal study on the arginine codon usage bias in the arginine pair of the SARS-Cov-2 S protein polybasic furin cleavage site. The work sample was made up of virus sequences from NCBI Virus and GISAID databases, with August 2022 as release date. Bats harbour a number of emerging viruses, many of which are highly pathogenic in humans, including the closest relative of the SARS-CoV-2. Everything suggests that progenitor of SARS-CoV-2 jumped into humans, and during undetected human-to-human transmission, a SARS-CoV-2 progenitor acquired from human mRNA transcripts, a fragment of 12-nucleotides that properly inserted in the S gene gave rise to the SARS-CoV-2 polybasic furin cleavage site. This exogenous 12-nt-long sequence has the CGG-CGG genetic footprint that integrated into the S gene coding reading frame, lets encoded the furin site arginine dimer. In this region of S gene and/or S protein, an evolutionary pressure would operates in opposite directions. At the phenotype level, this arginine dimer must remain fixed or consolidated. However, at the genotype level, the virus optimizes the CGG-CGG arginine pair code to achieve more favourable arginine codons. Based on NCBI Virus and GISAID databases as a source of information, and using Perl scripts, here I show that 165 out of 126,727 (0.1302 %) NCBI Virus S protein sequences show synonymous base substitution in the furin site arginine dimer. I have also found this loss of the CGG-CGG code in 21 out of 18,750 (0.1120 %) GISAID S protein sequences. Results provide insight into the evolutionary effect on this strategic regions of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein.
WITHDRAWN: Trajectory tracking of a mobile robot using adaptive sliding mode control
Authors: Rostami Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini , Chupradit Supat , Danshina Svetlana , Wadday Ali K. , Dwijendra Ngakan Ketut Acwin , Majdi Hasan Sh. , Hadrawi Salema K. , Kavitha M.
Published: September 2022

This paper present a design for a control system that will ensure the stability and proper operation of a mobile four-wheeled robot. There are two types of control approaches applied to ensure this robot is stable, that its performance is appropriate, and that modeling errors and uncertainties are minimized. In the presence of external disturbances and parametric uncertainty, this algorithm uses the signals provided by the sensor from the trajectory to follow the predetermined trajectory. It was assumed in previous articles that the upper bound of uncertainty was known. In this paper, we assume that in most cases, we cannot know the extent of the upper band of uncertainties and interferences in robotic systems. This enables us to estimate upper band uncertainties online based on adaptive laws that were included in the law so that the law could be generalized into a robust adaptive sliding mode control. These results can be expressed as distinct theorems under this typology. MATLAB simulations demonstrate that the controller delivers optimal performance under external disturbances and parametric uncertainty with fewer fluctuations.
A Benchmark for Multi-Objective Routing in Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks Using The Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Silva Rodrigo , Lopes Heitor Silvério
Published: September 2022

The growing number of vehicles in cities has a great impact on our quality of life, such as air and noise pollution, traffic jams and traffic accidents. Cooperative Intelligent Transportation System (C-ITS) relies on communication technologies to provide innovative services and applications for transportation and traffic management. In the C-ITS context, users, roadside infrastructure and vehicles need to be connected and, for this purpose, a wide variety of wireless technologies can be used (e.g, vehicular WiFi, cellular and visible light communication). In this work we consider a VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork) using vehicular WiFi (based on 802.11p). The communications in VANET networks have been studied for years and several routing algorithms have been developed for such a kind of network. However, a benchmark to compare the performance of such algorithms is still lacking. To fill this gap, the present work proposes a benchmark composed by instances of data routing for different scenarios in the VANET. Moreover, we propose a multi-objective algorithm based on ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) to compare with such benchmark. The results of simulations show the impact of several factors in the VANET connectivity, such as vehicle density, geographical location, propagation and fading models. The results are promising and indicate the importance of choosing appropriated simulation models.
Rol de gendarmería en la reinserción laboral. Hacia un cambio de paradigma
Authors: Monsalve Basaúl Fernando
Published: September 2022

El presente artículo plantea que la reinserción social de los condenados a privación de libertad debe ser una tarea prioritaria del Estado, en tal sentido constituye una herramienta valiosa el trabajo en el contexto de la reinserción laboral, lo cual es destacado y fomentado por diversos instrumentos internacionales. Para alcanzar resultados positivos en la reinserción laboral se requiere, basado en experiencias de otros países, encomendar tal función a un ente especializado, dependiente del Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos, excluyendo a Gendarmería para que se aboque exclusivamente al cuidado y aplicación del régimen penitenciario.
Rootlessness and Whirlpool of Simulation in John Fowles’s The Magus
Authors: Avcu İsmail
Published: September 2022

In this article, it is demonstrated that the lack of reality is attributed to a confused and disjointed understanding of historicity since the modern person is unable to connect in any way to the past. Therefore, a surface-level and copycat present tend to fill the chasm of rootlessness. Every postmodern individual in such a universe, where there is no room for any type of variation, ends up being identical to the millions of others, but alone. Therefore, the ordinary and uninteresting state of the modern world eventually gives rise to the world of hyperreality, where everything appears to be more fascinating and less dry than the alleged desert of the real outside. In the context of this study, it is asserted that the postmodern person tires of the apparent artificiality of hyperreality and either strives to re-discover the real or confronts the meaningless wasteland left in the wake of the real’s absence.
Therefore, the application of this study is valuable in demonstrating an understanding of the scope and impact of hyperreality, simulation, and simulacra on the postmodern individual and how it may be manageable. In a nutshell, this article aims to look into how John Fowles’s The Magus applied Jean Baudrillard’s idea of hyperreality, simulation, and simulacra. Another goal of the article’s examination of the novel is to demonstrate that there is still a chance to break out from the never-ending simulations that Baudrillard claims make up the majority of the modern universe.
The Roles of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor - from Neuronutrition to Energy Metabolism
Authors: Guo Huifang , Chen Peng , Luo Runfan , Zhang Yuting , Xu Xi , Gou Xingchun
Published: September 2022

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a pluripotent neurotrophic factor originally isolated from chicken embryo ciliary neurons. It has a powerful role in developing and maintaining the optic nervous system and has been used for many vision-related diseases. It also plays an important role in the neurogenesis, regeneration and survival of other neurons, including neural stem cells, dorsal root ganglion, sensory neurons and motor neurons. CNTF is related to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. In addition to its role in the nervous system, CNTF regulates the balance of energy metabolism and the administration of CNTF induces body weight loss. More CNTF functions have been found with the deepening of study, such as protecting and promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation. In addition, CNTF even participates in mental illness and inflammation suppressing. CNTF exerts multidirectional physiological activity by regulating the transcription of various genes through a variety of signalling pathways (including JAK/STAT, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT). This review summarizes the roles and mechanisms of CNTF in the optic nervous system, retinal-related diseases, neuronal protection, and especially nutrition, energy metabolism and other aspects.
A Comprehensive Review on Liver Targeting: Emphasis on Nanotechnology-
based Molecular Targets and Receptors Mediated Approaches
Authors: Sahoo Pravat Kumar , Mishra Ashwini Kumar , Pandey Mukesh , Dewangan Hitesh Kumar , SL Neha
Published: September 2022

Background:

The pathogenesis of hepatic diseases involves several cells which makes the delivery of pharmaceutical agents complicated. Many severe liver diseases affecting the worldwide population cannot be effectively treated. Major hindrance or challenges faced are natural physiological barriers and non-specific targeting of drugs administered leading to inefficient treatment. Hence, there is an earnest need to look for novel therapeutic strategies which can overcome these hindrances. Kind of literature have reported when a drug is incorporated inside or attached, to a polymeric material of either hydrophilic or lipophilic nature, drug safety and efficacy are incredibly raised. This has given the driving force to the dynamic investigation for development of novel biodegradable materials, drug delivery carriers, target specific drug delivery systems and many other novels approach.

Objective:

Present review is devoted to summarizing receptor-based liver cell targeting by the use of different modified novel synthetic drug delivery carriers. It also highlights recent progress in drug targeting to diseased liver mediated by various types of receptors including asialoglycoprotein, mannose and, galactose receptor, Fc receptor, low-density lipoprotein, glycyrrhetinic, and bile acid receptor. The essential consideration is given to the treatment of liver cancer targeting by the use of nanoparticulate systems, proteins, viral, and non-viral vectors, homing peptides and gene delivery.

Conclusion:

Receptors based targeting approach is one such approach that was explored by researchers to develop novel formulations which can ensure site specific drug delivery. Several receptors are present on the surfaces of liver cells which are reported to be highly overexpressed in the various disease conditions. Its all are helpful for the treatment of the liver cancer.
Digoxin and Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved
Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-
Analysis
Authors: Arasteh Omid , Mohammadpour Amir H. , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Hashemi-Shahri Seyed H. , Aghajanloo Ali , Ghavami Vahid , Reiner Željko
Published: September 2022

Background:

One of the major indications for digoxin use is the treatment of heart failure [HF]. Although clinical application of digoxin in long-term outcomes in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction [HFrEF] patients is well explained, the association between digoxin therapy and outcomes in patients with HF and preserved ejection fraction [HFpEF] is not very clear.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to show the clinical efficacy of digoxin on long-term outcomes in subjects with HFpEF.

Methods:

PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science [ISI] electronic databases were searched until May 2021 to obtain relevant studies. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality attributed to treatment with digoxin. The secondary outcomes were “all-cause hospitalization”, “hospitalization because of HF” and “all-cause mortality or hospitalization of HF”.

Results:

Seven studies with more than 23000 patients with HFpEF, of which more than 4900 were treated with digoxin, fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. Treatment with digoxin was associated with a neutral effect on all-cause mortality [HR 1.04, 95 % CI 0.91-1.20, I2 = 57.9 %], all-cause hospitalization [HR 0.97, 95 % CI 0.88-1.07, I2 = 0.0 %], HF-hospitalization [HR 0.96, 95 % CI 0.90-1.02, I2 = 41.4 %], and all-cause mortality or HF-hospitalization [HR 1.07, 95 % CI 0.91-1.26, I2 = 81.2 %]. In subgroup meta-analyses based on ejection fraction [EF] , treatment with digoxin did not significantly alter these outcomes in each subset of patients.

Conclusion:

The results of this meta-analysis suggest that digoxin does not have any significant effect on long-term outcomes of HFpEF patients, including “all-cause mortality”, “all-cause hospitalization”, “hospitalization because of HF” and “all-cause mortality or hospitalization of HF”.
An Approach to COVID-19: Current Results, Perspectives and its Study with Mathematical and Computational Modeling Tools
Authors: Fraguela-Collar Andres , Soto-Bajo Moises , Felipe Sosa Raul
Published: September 2022

This chapter presents the COVID-19 pandemic as a complex problem, which has
resulted in multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research of unprecedented magnitude at the
international level. In particular, the important role that mathematical and computational modeling
has played throughout the different phases of the evolution of the pandemic is analyzed. Some of
the most notorious achievements and difficulties in obtaining results with the use of mathematical models and computational simulations are discussed, and some proposals are presented about
relevant and still pending tasks.
Social Inequalities in COVID-19
Authors: Gallestey Jorge Bacallao , Collado Alfonso Casado
Published: September 2022

Social inequalities have become an essential component of the health situation

analysis. Health statistics are incomplete if its basic indicators are not linked to socioeconomic,

sociodemographic, or sociocultural strata. The evaluation of health systems’ performance must

include global indicators along with their distribution in social strata.

The COVID-19 pandemic has not affected all countries to the same extent. Global statistics of

both, confirmed cases and deaths portray wide differences among countries.

Recent reports show wide differences associated with stratification criteria such as skin color

or ethnic groups, sex, age, education, socioeconomic condition, and geographic area. The web of

interactions between individual and contextual factors also influences the development of the new pandemic.

This chapter lays the conceptual basis for measuring social inequalities in health and presents

a basic set of the most common indices. It underscores the fact that a metric choice is not only

technical, but to a great extent depends on ethical and political considerations. We document social

inequalities in several health indicators associated with COVID-19 using public data or information

retrieved from recently published papers.

The first section of this chapter lays the conceptual foundations for measuring health

inequalities. The second one exposes selected results and findings in different settings, and a

brief analysis of the application of the inequality indices.
A Casa do Conde Dom Pedro: uma aproximação
Authors: Oliveira António Resende de
Published: September 2022

In Portugal, during the 14th century, members of the high nobility and of the royal family still held the exercise of political power in their own lands and estates, called «honras» or «coutos». Besides that, the coeval mind frame connected them with warfare, since they were supposed to play a major military role. Henceforth, the household of high nobles followed the model of organisation of the king’s court, as some documents testify. In this article, we will address the constitution and organisation of the household of D. Pedro, count of Barcelos, «alferes-mor» (Lord Protector) of kings Dinis and Afonso IV, who was also the most preeminent figure of early Portuguese culture. His oeuvre, produced during the reign of Afonso IV, when he estranged himself from the royal court, endeavoured to preserve the memory of both literary and warrior deeds of the Iberian aristocracy
FLUKTUASI POPULASI WERENG BATANG COKLAT Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) PADA PADI DI DESA SUMBERAGUNG KECAMATAN SUMBERBARU KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Firdaus Fairuzil , Haryadi Nanang Tri
Published: September 2022

Nilaparvata lugens Stål., sebagai hama penting tanaman padi memiliki peran sebagai vektor pembawa virus dan mengakibatkan penyakit kerdil. Penggunaan jadwal tanam yang tidak bersamaan oleh petani mengakibatkan beragamnya umur padi pada setiap petak di hamparan. Selain itu, sifat N. lugens Stal yang dapat bermigrasi mampu mempertahankan hidupnya dengan berpindah-pindah pada petak padi yang lebih muda dan menularkan virus dari tanaman padi sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari pola tanam serempak dan tidak serempak terhadap populasi N. lugens Stål. pada tanaman padi. Lokasi penelitian dipilih berdasarkan Purposive sampling, tepat di Desa Sumberagung Kecamatan Sumberbaru Kabupaten Jember. Variabel yang diamati berupa populasi N. lugens Stål pada light traps dan 10 rumpun padi, serta intensitas serangannya. Hasil analisis yang diperoleh fluktuasi N. lugens Stål pada pola tanam serempak dan tidak serempak tidak berbeda nyata pada penggunaan light traps maupun pada 10 rumpun padi. Sedangkan intensitas serangan berupa gejala kerusakan pada kedua lokasi penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh dari keberadaan N. lugens Stål. walaupun dalam tingkat rendah dengan nilai signifikasi (2-tailed) sebesar 0,038 < Sig. 0,05 dengan gejala kerusakan berkisar 0,9-6,0%.
Social skill assessment for transvestives through the implementation of social problem solving method
Authors: Aman Aman
Published: September 2022

This study is aimed to know: 1) how the steps of assessment instrumen building of social skill for transvestives through social problem solving method are, 2) instrument appropriateness of transvestives’ social skill assessment is. This study uses Research and Development method consisting of four stages, which are: (1) introduction stage, (2) design organizing stage of  social skill assessment instrument for transvestives as the development of initial product form, (3) trial, evaluation and revision stage, and (4) implementation stage.  The numbers of transvestives who become the sample in each trial in 2015 is 5 transvestives selected using purposive sampling. The data collection technique uses FGD, questionaire, observation, and documentation techniques. The data validation uses expert validation, while the accuracy of qualitative data uses source triangulation technique, theory and method. The quantitative data analysis is conducted using descriptive and qualitative data analytic technique with interactive model. Based on the research result, it is concluded as follow: 1) the steps of instrument building on social skill assessment for transvestives through the implementation of social problem solving model are through : a) introductory study to construct theoretical framework, b) plan and organize instrument through FGD and expert validation, c) limited trial or individual test, evaluation and revision of instrument. The guidelines of expert validation result instrument indicates average score as 3.89 which means that the guideline is good or appropriate to test. Also, based on the transvestivesassessment in individual trial indicates good result with average score of 3.69. Meanwhile, the character education model of Social Problem Solving (SPS) for transvestives as the effort to develop their social skill in Special Region of Yogyakarta indicates good result with average score of 3.80.
SERAT WEDATAMA AND CHARACTER EDUCATION
Authors: Murdiyastomo HY Agus
Published: September 2022

Many people understand that a character education is only related to politeness. This understanding is certainly too narrow because character in Javanese culture has broader meaning than just being polite. The ideas regarding character education have been presented by Mangkunegara IV through his work of Serat Wedatama. Problems arise when the work is written in the form of symbolic traditional songs, namely Pangkur, Sinom, Pocung, and gambuh. This paper aims at investigating the kinds of character messages presented in the first section of Serat Wedatama which was composed in the form of pangkur traditional songs. The method employed in this research is a historical research method, whose stages include heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Considering the object of the study is a manuscript, content analysis and semantic approaches are utilized. The approach was chosen merely to obtain the clarity of the meaning which are implicitly expressed in the form a traditional song of pangkur. The results are traditional songs describes the atmosphere, circumstances, or will to be achieved. The first section of pangkur traditional song, in general, contains a message about the guidance to achieve the perfection of which can be attained by abandoning worldly things. Among the 14 traditional songs of Pangkur, their first section presents some basic thoughts namely Angkara, Ngelmu, Atining Tatakrama, Lumuh asor kudu unggul, puruhita, and manembahKeywords: Character, Education, Wedatama.
Key Population Size Estimation to Guide HIV Epidemic Responses in Nigeria: Bayesian Analysis of 3-Source Capture-Recapture Data
Authors: McIntyre Anne F , Mitchell Andrew , Stafford Kristen A , Nwafor Samuel Uchenna , Lo Julia , Sebastian Victor , Schwitters Amee , Swaminathan Mahesh , Dalhatu Ibrahim , Charurat Man
Published: September 2022

Background

Nigeria has the fourth largest burden of HIV globally. Key populations, including female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and people who inject drugs, are more vulnerable to HIV than the general population due to stigmatized and criminalized behaviors. Reliable key population size estimates are needed to guide HIV epidemic response efforts.

Objective

The objective of our study was to use empirical methods for sampling and analysis to improve the quality of population size estimates of female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and people who inject drugs in 7 states (Akwa Ibom, Benue, Cross River, Lagos, Nasarawa, Rivers, and the Federal Capital Territory) of Nigeria for program planning and to demonstrate improved statistical estimation methods.

Methods

From October to December 2018, we used 3-source capture-recapture to produce population size estimates in 7 states in Nigeria. Hotspots were mapped before 3-source capture-recapture started. We sampled female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and people who inject drugs during 3 independent captures about one week apart. During hotspot encounters, key population members were offered inexpensive, memorable objects unique to each capture round. In subsequent rounds, key population members were offered an object and asked to identify objects received during previous rounds (if any). Correct responses were tallied and recorded on tablets. Data were aggregated by key population and state for analysis. Median population size estimates were derived using Bayesian nonparametric latent-class models with 80% highest density intervals.

Results

Overall, we sampled approximately 310,000 persons at 9015 hotspots during 3 independent captures. Population size estimates for female sex workers ranged from 14,500 to 64,300; population size estimates for men who have sex with men ranged from 3200 to 41,400; and population size estimates for people who inject drugs ranged from 3400 to 30,400.

Conclusions

This was the first implementation of these 3-source capture-recapture methods in Nigeria. Our population size estimates were larger than previously documented for each key population in all states. The Bayesian models account for factors, such as social visibility, that influence heterogeneous capture probabilities, resulting in more reliable population size estimates. The larger population size estimates suggest a need for programmatic scale-up to reach these populations, which are at highest risk for HIV.