bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lightning occurrences and intensity over the Indian region:
Long-term trends and future projections
Authors: Chakraborty Rohit , Chakraborty Arindam , Basha Ghouse , Ratnam Madineni Venkat
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Lightning activities constitute the major destructive component of thunderstorms over India. Hence, understanding the long-term variabilities of lightning occurrence and intensity and their inter-relation with various causative factors is required. Long-term (1998–2014) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite-based lightning observations depict the most abundant lightning occurrences along the Himalayan foothills, the Indo-Gangetic plains and coastal regions, while the intensity of these lightning strikes are found to be strongest along the coastal regions and Bay of Bengal. In addition, both the lightning properties show a very strong intensification (~1–2.5 % annually) across all Indian regions during 1998–2014 with the maximum trends along the coasts. Accordingly, a detailed statistical dominance analysis is performed which reveals total column water vapor (TCWV) to be the dominant factor behind the intensification in lightning events, while instability, measured by the convective available potential energy (CAPE), and aerosols optical depth (AOD) jointly control the lightning frequency trends. An increase in surface temperatures has led to enhanced instability hence stronger moisture transport to the upper troposphere lower stratosphere regions especially in the along the coasts. This transported moisture helps deplete the ozone concentration leading to reduced temperatures and elevated equilibrium levels which finally results in stronger and more abundant lightning events as also evidenced from the trend analysis. Consequently, the relationship between lightning and its causative factors have been expressed in form of multi-linear regression equations which are then employed on multiple global circulation models (GCM) to understand the long-term impact of urbanization on lightning over a period of 1950–2100. The analysis reveals a uniform increase in lightning occurrences, and intensity from both urbanization scenarios; however, an accelerated growth is observed in the RCP8.5 projections after the year 2050 as also observed from the surface warming trends. As a result, lightning frequency and intensity values across the Indian region are expected to increase alarmingly by ~10–25 % and 15–50 %, respectively, by the end of this century with highest risks along the coasts and hence it requires immediate attention from policy makers.
Consistency of total column ozone measurements between the
Brewer and Dobson spectroradiometers of the LKO Arosa and
PMOD/WRC Davos
Authors: Gröbner Julian , Schill Herbert , Egli Luca , Stübi René
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Total column ozone measured by Brewer and Dobson spectroradiometers at Arosa and Davos, Switzerland, have systematic seasonal variations of around 1.5 % using the standard operational data processing. Most of this variability can be attributed to the temperature sensitivity of approx. +0.1 %/K of the ozone absorption coefficient of the Dobson spectroradiometer (in this study D101). While the currently used Bass&Paur ozone absorption cross-sections produce inconsistent results for Dobson and Brewer, the use of the ozone absorption cross-sections from Serdyuchenko et al. (2013) in conjunction with an effective ozone temperature dataset produces excellent agreement between the investigated four Brewers (of which two double Brewers), and Dobson D101. Even though other ozone absorption cross-sections available in the literature are able to reduce the seasonal variability, all of those investigated produce systematic biases in total column ozone between Brewer and Dobson of 1.1 % to 3.1 %. The highest consistency of total column ozone from Brewers and Dobson D101 at Arosa/Davos of 0.1 % is obtained by applying the Rayleigh scattering cross-sections from Bodhaine et al. (1999), the ozone absorption cross-sections from Serdyuchenko et al. (2013), the effective ozone temperature from either ozonesondes or ECMWF, and the measured line-spread functions of Brewer and Dobson. The variability between Brewer and Dobson for single measurements of 0.9 % can be reduced to less than 0.5 % for monthly means and 0.3 % on yearly means. As show here, the proposed methodology produces consistent total column ozone datasets between Brewer and Dobson spectroradiometers of better than 1 %. For colocated Brewer and Dobson spectroradiometers, as is the case for the Arosa/Davos total column ozone times series, this allows the merging of these two distinct datasets to produce a homogeneous time series of total column ozone measurements. Furthermore, it guarantees the long-term future of this longest total column ozone time-series, by proposing a methodology how to eventually replace the ageing Dobson spectroradiometer with the state-of-the art Brewer spectroradiometer.
First ground-based FTIR observations of HFC-23 at Rikubetsu,
Japan, and Syowa Station, Antarctica
Authors: Takeda Masanori , Nakajima Hideaki , Murata Isao , Nagahama Tomoo , Morino Isamu , Toon Geoffrey C. , Weiss Ray F. , Mühle Jens , Krummel Paul B. , Fraser Paul J. , Wang Hsiang-Jui
Published: January 2021

Abstract. We have developed a procedure for retrieving atmospheric abundances of HFC-23 (CHF3) with a ground-based Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and analysed the spectra observed at Rikubetsu, Japan (43.5° N, 143.8° E), and at Syowa Station, Antarctica (69.0° S, 39.6° E). The FTIR retrievals were carried out with the SFIT4 retrieval program, and the two spectral windows of 1138.5–1148.0 cm−1 and 1154.0–1160.0 cm−1 in the overlapping ν2 and ν5 vibrational-rotational transition bands of HFC-23 were used to avoid strong H2O absorption features. We considered O3, N2O, CH4, H2O, HDO, CFC-12 (CCl2F2), HCFC-22 (CHClF2), PAN (CH3C(O)OONO2), HCFC-141b (CH3CCl2F), and HCFC-142b (CH3CClF2) as interfering species. Vertical profiles of H2O, HDO, and CH4 are preliminarily retrieved with other independent spectral windows because these profiles may induce large uncertainties in the HFC-23 retrieval. Each HFC-23 retrieval has only one piece of vertical information with sensitivity to HFC-23 in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere. The retrieval errors mainly arise from the systematic uncertainties of the spectroscopic parameters used to obtain the HFC-23, H2O, HDO, and CH4 abundances. For comparison between FTIR-retrieved HFC-23 total columns and surface dry-air mole fractions provided by AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment), the FTIR-retrieved HFC-23 dry-air column-averaged mole fractions (XHFC-23) were calculated. The FTIR-retrieved XHFC-23 at Rikubetsu and Syowa Station have negative biases compared to AGAGE datasets. The trend derived from the FTIR-retrieved XHFC-23 data at Rikubetsu for December to February (DJF) data over the 1997–2010 period is 0.817 ± 0.087 ppt (parts per trillion) year−1, which is in good agreement with the trend derived from the annual global mean datasets of the AGAGE 12-box model for the same period (0.820 ± 0.011 ppt year−1). The trend of the FTIR-retrieved XHFC-23 data at Rikubetsu for DJF data over the 2007–2020 period is 0.894 ± 0.099 ppt year−1, which is smaller than the trend in the AGAGE in-situ measurements at Trinidad Head (41.1° N, 124.2° W) for the 2007–2019 period (0.984 ± 0.002 ppt year−1). The trend computed from the XHFC-23 datasets at Syowa Station over the 2007–2016 period is 0.823 ± 0.075 ppt year−1, which is consistent with that derived from the AGAGE in-situ measurements at Cape Grim (40.7° S, 144.7° E) for the same period (0.874 ± 0.002 ppt year−1). Although there are systematic biases on the FTIR-retrieved XHFC-23 at both sites, these results indicate that ground-based FTIR observations have the capability to monitor the trend of atmospheric HFC-23.
Spectral Calibration of the MethaneAIR Instrument
Authors: Staebell Carly , Sun Kang , Samra Jenna , Franklin Jonathan , Chan Miller Christopher , Liu Xiong , Conway Eamon , Chance Kelly , Milligan Scott , Wofsy Steven
Published: January 2021

Abstract. MethaneAIR is the airborne simulator of MethaneSAT, an area-mapping satellite currently under development with the goal of locating and quantifying large anthropogenic point CH4 sources as well as diffuse basin-scale emissions. Built to closely replicate the forthcoming satellite, MethaneAIR consists of two imaging spectrometers. One detects CH4 and CO2 absorption around 1.65 and 1.61 μm, respectively, while the other constrains the optical path in the atmosphere by detecting O2 absorption near 1.27 μm. The high spectral resolution and stringent retrieval accuracy requirements of greenhouse gas remote sensing in this spectral range necessitate a reliable spectral calibration. To this end, on-ground laboratory measurements were used to derive the spectral calibration of MethaneAIR, serving as a pathfinder for the future calibration of MethaneSAT. Stray light was characterized and corrected through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)-based Van Cittert deconvolution. Wavelength registration was examined and found to be best described by a linear relationship for both bands with a precision of ~0.02 spectral pixel. The instrument spectral spread function (ISSF), measured with fine wavelength steps of 0.005 nm near a series of central wavelengths across each band, was oversampled to construct the instrument spectral response function (ISRF) at each central wavelength and spatial pixel. The ISRFs were smoothed with a Savitzky-Golay filter for use in a lookup table in the retrieval algorithm. The MethaneAIR spectral calibration was evaluated through application to radiance spectra from an instrument flight over the Colorado Front Range.
Additional carbon inputs to reach a 4 per 1000 objective in
Europe: feasibility and projected impacts of climate change
based on Century simulations of long-term arable
experiments
Authors: Bruni Elisa , Guenet Bertrand , Huang Yuanyuan , Clivot Hugues , Virto Iñigo , Farina Roberta , Kätterer Thomas , Ciais Philippe , Martin Manuel , Chenu Claire
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The 4 per 1000 initiative aims to promote better agricultural practices to maintain and increase soil organic carbon stocks for soil fertility, food security and climate change adaptation and mitigation. The most straightforward way to enhance soil organic carbon stocks is to increase carbon inputs to the soil. In this study, we assessed the amount of organic carbon inputs that are necessary to reach a target of soil organic carbon stocks increase by 4 ‰ per year on average, for 30 years. We used the Century model to simulate soil organic carbon stocks in 14 European long-term agricultural experiments and assessed the required level of carbon inputs increase to reach the 4 per 1000 target. Initial simulated stocks were computed analytically assuming steady state. We compared modelled carbon inputs to different treatments of additional carbon used on the experimental sites (exogenous organic matter addition and one treatment with different crop rotations). We then analyzed how this would change under future scenarios of temperature increase. The model was calibrated to fit the control plot, i.e. conventional management without additional carbon inputs, and was able to reproduce the SOC stocks dynamics. We found that, on average among the selected experimental sites, annual carbon inputs will have to increase by 43.15 ± 5.05 %, which is 0.66 ± 0.23 MgC ha−1 per year (mean ± standard error), with respect to the control situation. The simulated amount of carbon inputs required to reach the 4 ‰ SOC increase was lower or similar to the amount of carbon inputs actually used in the majority of the additional carbon input treatments of the long-term experiments. However, Century might be overestimating the effect of additional C inputs on the variation of SOC stocks in some sites, since we found that treatments with additional carbon inputs were increasing by 0.25 % on average among the experimental sites. We showed that the modeled carbon inputs required to reach the target depended linearly on the initial SOC stocks. We estimated that annual carbon inputs would have to increase further due to temperature increase effect on decomposition rates, that is 54 % for a 1 °C warming and 120 % for a 5 °C warming.
Sustainable use of water resources in a Wadi system facing climate
change impacts and growing groundwater demand
Authors: Mahmoodi Nariman , Kiesel Jens , Wagner Paul D. , Fohrer Nicola
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Understanding current and possible future alterations of water resources under climate change and increased water withdrawal allows for better water and environmental management decisions in arid regions. This study aims at analyzing the impact of groundwater withdrawals and climate change on groundwater sustainability and hydrologic regime alterations in a Wadi system in central Iran. A hydrologic model is used to assess streamflow and groundwater recharge of the Halilrood Basin on a daily time step under different scenarios over a model setup period (1979–2009) and for two future scenario periods (near future: 2030–2059 and far future: 2070–2099). The Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) with a set of 32 parameters are used in conjunction with the Range of Variability Approach (RVA) to evaluate hydrologic regime change in the river. The results show that groundwater recharge is expected to decrease, and is not able to fulfil the increasing water demand in the far future scenario. The Halilrood River will undergo low and moderate flow alteration under both stressors during the near future as RVA alteration is classified as high for only three indicators, while in the far future, 11 indicators lie in high range. Absolute changes in hydrologic indicators are stronger when both climate change and withdrawals are considered in the far future simulations, since 27 indicators show significant changes and RVA show high and moderate level of changes for 18 indicators. Considering the evaluated RVA changes, future impacts on the freshwater ecosystems in the Halilrood Basin will be severe. The developed approach can be transferred to other Wadi regions for a spatially-distributed assessment of water resources sustainability.
A Bayesian approach to understanding the key factors influencing
temporal variability in stream water quality: a case study in the
Great Barrier Reef catchments
Authors: Liu Shuci , Ryu Dongryeol , Webb J. Anugs , Lintern Anna , Guo Danlu , Waters David , Western Andrew W.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Stream water quality is highly variable both across space and time. Water quality monitoring programs have collected a large amount of data that provide a good basis to investigate the key drivers of spatial and temporal variability. Event-based water quality monitoring data in the Great Barrier Reef catchments in northern Australia provides an opportunity to further our understanding of water quality dynamics in sub-tropical and tropical regions. This study investigated nine water quality constituents, including sediments, nutrients and salinity, with the aim of: 1) identifying the influential environmental drivers of temporal variation in flow event concentrations; and 2) developing a modelling framework to predict the temporal variation in water quality at multiple sites simultaneously. This study used a hierarchical Bayesian model averaging framework to explore the relationship between event concentration and catchment-scale environmental variables (e.g., runoff, rainfall and groundcover conditions). Key factors affecting the temporal changes in water quality varied among constituent concentrations, as well as between catchments. Catchment rainfall and runoff affected in-stream particulate constituents, while catchment wetness and vegetation cover had more impact on dissolved nutrient concentration and salinity. In addition, in large dry catchments, antecedent catchment soil moisture and vegetation had a large influence on dissolved nutrients, which highlights the important effect of catchment hydrological connectivity on pollutant mobilisation and delivery.
Cost-benefit analysis of coastal flood defence measures in the North
Adriatic Sea
Authors: Amadio Mattia , Essenfelder Arthur H. , Bagli Stefano , Marzi Sepehr , Mazzoli Paolo , Mysiak Jaroslav , Roberts Stephen
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The combined effect of global sea level rise and local subsidence phenomena poses a major threat to coastal settlements. Flooding events are expected to grow in frequency and magnitude, increasing the potential economic losses and costs of adaptation. In Italy, a large share of the population and economic activities are located along the coast of the peninsula, although risk of inundation is not uniformly distributed. The low-lying coastal plain of Northeast Italy is the most sensitive to relative sea level changes. Over the last half a century, the entire north-eastern Italian coast has experienced a significant rise in relative sea level, the main component of which was land subsidence. In the forthcoming decades, sea level rise is expected to become the first driver of coastal inundation hazard. We propose an assessment of flood hazard and risk linked with extreme sea level scenarios, both under historical conditions and sea level rise projections at 2050 and 2100. We run a hydrodynamic inundation model on two pilot sites located in the North Adriatic Sea along the Emilia-Romagna coast: Rimini and Cesenatico. Here, we compare alternative risk scenarios accounting for the effect of planned and hypothetical seaside renovation projects against the historical baseline. We apply a flood damage model developed for Italy to estimate the potential economic damage linked to flood scenarios and we calculate the change in expected annual damage according to changes in the relative sea level. Finally, damage reduction benefits are evaluated by means of cost-benefit analysis. Results suggest an overall profitability of the investigated projects over time, with increasing benefits due to increased probability of intense flooding in the next future.
Mapping	and evaluating kinematics and stress/strain field at active faults and fissures: a comparison between field and drone data at NE Rift,	Mt Etna (Italy)
Authors: Tibaldi Alessandro , Corti Noemi , De Beni Emanuela , Bonali Fabio Luca , Falsaperla Susanna , Langer Horst , Neri Marco , Cantarero Massimo , Reitano Danilo , Fallati Luca
Published: January 2021

Abstract. We collected drone data to quantify the kinematics at extensional fractures and normal faults, integrated this information with seismological data to reconstruct the stress field, and critically compared the results with previous fieldwork to assess the best practice. As key site, we analysed a sector of the North-East Rift of Mt Etna, an area affected by continuous ground deformation linked to gravity sliding of the volcano's eastern flank and dyke injection. The studied sector is characterized also by the existence of eruptive craters and fissures and lava flows. This work shows that this rift segment is affected by a series of NE-striking, parallel extensional fractures characterized by an opening mode along an average N105.7° vector. Normal faults strike parallel to the extensional fractures, although they tend to bend slightly when crossing topographic highs corresponding to pyroclastic cones. The extensional strain obtained by cumulating the net offset at extensional fractures with the fault heave gives a stretching ratio of 1.003 in the northeastern part of the study area and 1.005 in the southwestern part. Given a maximum age of 1614 yr AD for the offset lavas, we obtained an extension rate of 1.9 cm/yr for the last 406 yr. The stress field is characterised by a σHmin trending NW-SE. Results indicate that Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry applied to drone surveys allows to collect large amounts of data with a resolution of 2–3 cm, a detail comparable to field surveys. In the same amount of time, drone survey can allow to collect more data than classical fieldwork, especially in logistically difficult rough terrains.
Zinc lability and solubility in soils of Ethiopia – an isotopic dilution study
Authors: Mossa Abdul W. , Gashu Dawd , Broadley Martin R. , Dunham Sarah J. , McGrath Steve P. , Bailey Elizabeth H. , Young Scott D.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a widespread nutritional problem in human populations, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The Zn concentration of crops consumed depends in part on the Zn status of soil. Improved understanding of factors controlling the phyto-availability of Zn in soils can contribute to potential agronomic interventions to tackle Zn deficiency, although there are major knowledge gaps for many soil types in SSA. Soil samples (n = 475) were collected from a large part of the Amhara Region of Ethiopia where there is widespread Zn deficiency. Zinc status was quantified by measuring several fractions: pseudo-total (Aqua-Regia digestion; ZnTot), available (DTPA-extractable; ZnDTPA), soluble (dissolved in 0.01 M Ca(NO3); ZnSoln) and isotopically exchangeable Zn using the enriched stable Zn isotope 70Zn (ZnE). Soil geochemical properties were assessed for their influence on Zn lability and solubility. ZnTot ranged from 14.1 to 291 mg kg−1 (median = 100 mg kg−1) whereas ZnDTPA in the majority of soil samples was less than 0.5 mg kg−1 indicating widespread phytoavailable Zn deficiency in these soils. The labile fraction of Zn in soil (ZnE as %ZnTot) was low, with median and mean values of 4.7 % and 8.0 % respectively. Labile Zn partitioning between the solid and the solution phases of soil was highly pH-dependent where 94 % of the variation in the partitioning coefficient of 70Zn was explained by soil pH. Similarly, 86 % of the variation in ZnSoln was explained by soil pH. Zinc distribution between adsorbed ZnE and ZnSoln was pH controlled. Notably, Zn isotopic exchangeability increased with soil pH. This contrasts with literature on contaminated and urban soils and may arise from covarying factors such as contrasting soil clay mineralogy across the pH range of the soils used in the current study. These results could be used to improve agronomic interventions to tackle Zn deficiency in SSA.
Phaeocandelabrum pseudocallisporum sp. nov. from Brazil
Authors: Careli Dos Santos Diogo , Pascholati Gusmão
Published: January 2021

Phaeocandelabrum pseudocallisporum, collected on decaying twigs in the Brazilian Cerrado of Mato Grosso do Sul State, is described and illustrated as a new species. The fungus is characterized by complex conidia with two brown central cells and 4–6 secondary cells that
produce 4–5 tertiary cells at the apex. This species is easily distinguished from P. callisporum by the presence of stellate tertiary cells that produce five radial projections.
Quadracaea mediterranea, a new record from Kumaun Himalaya region, India
Authors: Dubey Manish Kumar , Upadhyay Ram Sanmukh , Shah Zoya , Arya Dhani , Gupta Ramesh Chandra
Published: January 2021

Quadracaea mediterranea was collected during our continuing mycological survey of saprobic conidial fungi on decaying leaf litter of Quercus floribunda from the Ramgarh forest, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. Detailed taxonomic information on Q. mediterranea includes
morphological description, geographical distribution, comments, illustrations, and a comparison with allied taxa. This finding extends the geographic distribution of the species, previously recorded only in China, Italy, and Brazil.
Trapelia calyciformis sp. nov. from China
Authors: Dou Ming-Zhu , Zhao Xin , Jia Ze-Feng
Published: January 2021

Trapelia calyciformis is described from China as a new species. The lichen is characterized by its gray-white thallus, zeorine apothecium with black disc and cracked excipulum, narrow paraphyses branched near the tip, 8-spored asci, aseptate ascospores with one vacuole, and the
presence of gyrophoric acid. The specimens examined were deposited in LCUF. A key to the species of Trapelia reported in China is presented.
Bactrodesmium chinense and B. lushanense spp. nov. and B. novageronense newly recorded from China
Authors: Shi Xu-Gen , Xu Zhao-Huan , Sun Wen-Xiu , Xia Ji-Wen , Zhang Xiu-Guo , Castañeda-Ruíz Rafael F. , Ma Jian
Published: January 2021

Three specimens of Bactrodesmium were collected on dead branches of unidentified plants from subtropical forests in Jiangxi, China. Two represent new species: B. chinense is distinguished by its ellipsoidal to broadly fusiform 9–11-euseptate verrucose reddish brown
conidia with pale brown to subhyaline end cells; B. lushanense is characterized by its variably shaped (obovoid, clavate, ellipsoid) verrucose dark brown to black conidia with 3–6 dark-banded eusepta and paler basal cells. The third specimen represents, B. novageronense,
a new record for China. The three species are described, illustrated, and compared with similar taxa.
Medvirkning, danning og demokrati i barnehagen: En casestudie av et prosjektarbeid om bærekraftig utvikling
Authors: Pettersvold Mari
Published: January 2021

Temaet for denne artikkelen er barns medvirkning i barnehagen. Datamaterialet er hentet fra et prosjektarbeid om bærekraftig utvikling blant barn i alderen tre til fem år, som jeg har fulgt over en periode på et halvt år. Prosjektarbeidet er basert på boka Den gamle mannen og hvalen av Stian Hole. Kort fortalt beskriver casestudien hvordan barna tar del i det dramaet som utspiller seg når bokas hovedperson, Cornelius, dukker opp i levende live i barnehagen. Anledningen er at han er på letingetter hvalen han i sin tid reddet. Forskningsspørsmålene er rettet mot barnas erfaringer med demokratisk deltakelse som følge av å delta i prosjektarbeidet, blant annet hvordan erfaringene kan ha bidratt til barnas danningsprosesser. Studiens analytiske tilnærming er basert på Jürgen Habermas’ begreper livsverden og system, kommunikativ og strategisk handling samt Basil Bernsteins begreper svak og sterk klassifisering og innramming. I analysen benyttes også begreper fra Hannah Arendt og Cornelius Castoriadis’ politiske filosofi. Hensikten med artikkelen er å bidra med empirisk og teoretisk kunnskap om barns medvirkning, samt å rette oppmerksomheten mot forbindelsen mellom medvirkning,danning og demokrati.
Voksne i dialog med femåringer som på eget initiativ produserer tekster i barnehagen
Authors: Semundseth Marit , Hopperstad Marit Holm
Published: January 2021

Hver dag foregår det et mangfold av dialoger mellom barn og voksne om ulike temaer i barnehagen. I denne artikkelen retter vi søkelyset mot voksnes deltakelse i spontane dialoger fra barnehagens hverdagsliv. Vi studerer dialogsamspill mellom femåringer og voksne som omhandler barns egeninitierte tekstproduksjon og drøfter hvilken betydning de voksnes bidrag i dialogene kan ha for barns tekstproduksjon og tidlige skriving. Barnas tekster er både tegning og skriftlige uttrykk laget på papirmed tusjer og fargeblyanter.
Mental wellbeing of healthcare workers working in quarantine centers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar
Authors: Wadoo Ovais , Latoo Javed , Iqbal Yousaf , Kudlur Chandrappa Nirvana Swamy , Chandra Prem , Masoodi Naseer Ahmad , Rahman S. Al-Maslamani Muna A. , Alabdulla Majid
Published: January 2021

Background: Healthcare workers managing Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) patients are at increased risk of poor mental wellbeing. The available literature on the psychological impact in the Arabian Gulf region is limited, and a more in-depth analysis of factors affecting frontline healthcare workers’ mental wellbeing is warranted. The aim of this study was to evaluate and explore healthcare workers’ wellbeing working in quarantine centers in Qatar.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, web-based survey conducted on healthcare workers managing patients in designated quarantine centers. Healthcare workers associated with 51 COVID-19 quarantine centers were eligible to participate in this survey from April 19 to May 3, 2020. The primary outcome of interest was mental wellbeing as measured by the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS).

Results: A total of 127 of 169 contacted staff members completed the survey, with a participation rate of 75%. Approximately 17.4% of participants had well-being scores of less than 45, indicating suboptimal wellbeing and a high risk of psychological distress and depression. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that nurses are associated with increased risk (more than the fivefold higher risk of having WEMWBS score < 45) of adverse mental wellbeing (adjusted OR 5.65; 95% CI 0.57, 56.4; p = 0.140).

Conclusion: The psychological impact of working in quarantine centers on healthcare workers was less than what has been reported globally. Nurses are the most vulnerable group. It is essential that health services monitor the psychological impact on its workforce and puts appropriate mitigation strategies in place.
Dignidad humana y la emergencia del combate de la esclavitud moderna en Brasil
Authors: Trevisam Elisaide , Trevisam Braga Julio
Published: January 2021

En vista de la garantía y protección de la dignidad humana y el trabajo digno, esta investigación tiene como objetivo presentar una reflexión sobre el carácter de emergencia en el combate a la esclavitud moderna en Brasil a través de mecanismos internacionales e internos, que garanticen los derechos fundamentales de la persona, para que el Estado pueda sostener el título de Estado Democrático de Derecho. Para lograr los fines esperados, la metodología utilizada será documental y exploratoria, utilizando el método deductivo, con carácter bibliográfico y documental para evaluar las premisas establecidas en la investigación
Derechos sociales y justicia restaurativa laboral: ¿Una realidad posible de lograr el acceso a la justicia?
Authors: Diehl Rodrigo Cristiano , Porto Rosane Teresinha Carvalho , Reckziegel Tania Regina Silva
Published: January 2021

El propósito de este artículo es traducir los elementos encontrados en torno a la aplicación de la justicia restaurativa en el derecho laboral como un elemento para concretar el acceso a la justicia y garantizar los derechos sociales. En este contexto, surge el siguiente problema de investigación que marcó toda la extensión del estudio: ¿cuáles son los límites y las posibilidades para implementar la justicia restaurativa en conflictos individuales y colectivos en el campo laboral? Para esta construcción, se utilizó el método de enfoque hipotético-deductivo, el método de procedimiento monográfico crítico y las técnicas de investigación bibliográfica y documental. De esta manera, es posible concluir, preliminarmente, que la justicia restaurativa, aplicada a los conflictos en la justicia laboral, se muestra como una herramienta importante para garantizar el acceso a la justicia y mejorar la prestación de servicios públicos a los ciudadanos, entre ellos, los derechos sociales.
Impacto de la COVID-19 en la formación y práctica de valores del profesional de Enfermería
Authors: Wong Matos Jennifer , Samillán Yncio Gabriela , Huaman Lanazca Elba , Limaylla Villanueva Alisson Maryorith
Published: January 2021

La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha ocasionado una crisis en los sistemas de cada país; especialmente en los estados en desarrollo como el Perú, generó graves consecuencias en el sector salud, que afectó no solo a las personas que reciben atención, sino también a los profesionales que se encuentran en primera línea, sobre todo al profesional de Enfermería quien se encarga de brindar el cuidado integral al paciente, familia y comunidad. El cuidado es la esencia de Enfermería, conjuga conocimientos, habilidades y una serie de valores personales y profesionales, que son inherentes al quehacer laboral y dependen de la formación del profesional. El presente ensayo pretende generar reflexión ante la crisis y convertirla en una oportunidad para mejorar la formación en valores del enfermero y fortalecer su identidad moral, teniendo en cuenta que estos son esenciales para la práctica del cuidado, más aún frente a una situación adversa.
Organizational and Technological Modeling of Industrial Facility Redeployment
Authors: Lapidus Azariy
Published: January 2021

Redeployment of industrial facilities allows companies to optimize their structure while also creating a competitive environment in the service sector. In addition, during the redeployment process, the property complex undergoes optimization. Because of releasing production, the costs could be reduced by preserving, selling, and leasing production space.  However, to achieve and strengthen long-term competitiveness, companies are forced to adjust their activities with an emphasis on the changing demands of the period. Since the world is constantly changing, it is very important to respond to these changes expediently and quickly. So far, international practice and experience of redeployment in the Russian Federation have shown that it is one of the most difficult managerial tasks. During this process, many restrictions and unique characteristics of the company, where they are implemented, should be considered. Consequently, it must be performed only in the presence of the clearly defined goals, redeployment concept, and an understanding of each stage and the methods to be observed. This is a relevant study because the model of the work performed during redeployment allows this process to go as smoothly and efficiently as possible allowing the company to adapt to new market conditions. However, the topic of the study is poorly covered nowadays. In fact, many sources consider a redesigning strategy only as a special case study of a restructuring strategy or a strategy for updating the fixed assets. Therefore, regulatory documentation for capital construction projects as well as redeployment facilities should be improved
Analysis and Modeling of Corruption among Entrepreneurs
Authors: Xiaohu Zhou , Heydari Mohammad , Keung Lai Kin , Yuxi Zheng
Published: January 2021

Bribery may eradicate social welfare. In the current research, we inspected the mechanism of bribery behaviour based on the (NASH Theory or Non-Cooperative static game theory) which stated by John Forbes Nash Jr. in 1978. With the general hypothesis of “Rational Player,” two bimatrix game models are settled to evaluate the briber and the bribee strategy choice. After discussing the cost-benefit of the (Participants or players), some useful conclusions and dissolve analysis are drawn out. The current study provides three novel experiments that put both metaphors to the test. Overall, a little quantitative study has investigated sequential unethical behaviour. Insomuch prior studies focus on third-party observers’ acceptance of continuous vs. abrupt immoral acts, or the role of self-control and ethical disengagement in the slippery slope of lesser cheating acts empirical investigation contrasting ongoing to the abrupt occurrence of corruption is missing altogether. Recent advances in empirical corruption studies methodology allow the first examination of these different procedures while preserving the economic costs and benefits constant. In the current study, we used a recently improved corruption game by [Köbis, van Prooijen, Righetti, Van Lange, 2015].
Information Technologies and Reaching to Information Society
Authors: Nesip Öğün Mehmet , ÖZNACAR Behcet , TATAR Ali , DEBEŞ Gülyüz
Published: January 2021

The quick development of information and communication technologies has made the countries using these technologies a step forward in the global competition. Thanks to the contributions of the public, private sector and non-governmental organizations all over the world since the beginning of the 1990s, there has been considerable progress in reaching the information society. The age we live in is called the information age. In this society where knowledge becomes power, a lot is expected from individuals. There is a need for individuals who can reach the information themselves, question the information they obtain, use them in line with their needs, and have the ability to think scientifically. In this study, analysis of written documents was used. In this respect, the analysis of written documents and documents is an information gathering method used in the qualitative research to support the information obtained both on its own and the interview and observation.
Features of regional investment policy
Authors: Astakhova Ekaterina V. , Vannikova Ekaterina E. , Astakhova Irina E
Published: January 2021

Current trends in the development of the economy during the period of an unexpected global critical situation caused by the coronavirus and resulting in the financial and economic crisis indicate that there is an accelerated world-wide deglobalization, and a comprehensive transformation of the world community and the economic environment. Modern society highlights the issue of regionalization of the economy. This confirms the relevance and significance of the research topic and issues under discussion, while opening up new facets of the formation of the concepts describing economic security of Russia as a member of the world community. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the implementation of investment policy in the region. The object of the study is the regional investment policy. The subject of the study is features of the regional investment policy of the Primorsky Territory. The paper uses general scientific methods of empirical research, methods of theoretical knowledge, general logical methods and techniques, as well as methods of system analysis, and statistical methods. The paper provides a systematization of the concepts from the category “regional investment policy”; views on the current positions of investment attractiveness of the Russian Federation and the Primorsky Territory are considered. The criteria, features and constituent elements of a regional investment policy are analysed. Factors of investment potential of Primorsky Territory, and also dynamics and volumes of investments in Primorsky Territory are considered.
Concentration Mechanisms of Rare Earth Element-Nb-Zr-Be Mineralization in the Baerzhe Deposit, Northeast China: Insights from Textural and Chemical Features of Amphibole and Rare Metal Minerals
Authors: Wu Mingqian , Samson Iain M. , Qiu Kunfeng , Zhang Dehui
Published: January 2021

The Early Cretaceous Baerzhe deposit in Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, hosts a world-class resource of rare earth elements (REEs), niobium, zirconium, and beryllium. In contrast to previous interpretations of the deposit as a multiphase, miaskitic alkaline granite, our observations of the relationships of various rock phases, the textural features and chemical evolution of amphibole, and the distribution of primary and secondary mineral assemblages suggest that the igneous phases evolved from a hypersolvus porphyritic granite, through a variably altered transsolvus granite, both of which are miaskitic, to a strongly altered, agpaitic, transsolvus granite that contained primary elpidite. All of these phases share a common igneous lineage. The Baerzhe deposit is characterized by five stages of rare metal mineralization, starting with the magmatic crystallization of elpidite (stage I). Elpidite was subsequently hydrothermally replaced by zircon and quartz to form pseudomorphs in stage II. Stage II is also characterized by Na metasomatism (albite and aegirine alteration of alkali feldspar and amphibole, respectively) and by snowball quartz that contains inclusions of albite, aegirine, and zircon. Sodium metasomatism, Zr mineralization, and snowball quartz are restricted to the agpaitic rocks. REEs, Nb, and Be occur as a variety of minerals that are disseminated through all the altered rocks and were precipitated in three sequential stages (stages III-V), with the formation of heavy REE-dominant phases generally preceding light REE-dominant phases. Moderate to pervasive hematization, which altered much of the transsolvus miaskitic granite and all the agpaitic granite, initiated late in stage II and accompanied most of the REE-Nb-Be mineralization in stage III. The stage-III mineralization, represented by hingganite-(Y), hingganite-(Ce), aeschynite-(Y), and columbite-(Fe), developed in two substages, with hingganite-(Y) preceding hingganite-(Ce); these REE-Nb-Be minerals are mainly contained in quartz-rich pseudomorphs (REE-Nb-Be–rich pseudomorphs) but also occur as partial replacement of earlier minerals. Stages IV and V represent a transition from F-absent assemblages that are characterized by euxenite-group minerals and monazite-(Ce) in stage IV-A, to light REE and F-rich minerals: bastnäsite-(Ce) in stage IV-B and fluocerite-(Ce) and synchysite-(Ce) in stage V. The low REE, Nb, and Be concentrations in amphibole and the fact that REE-Nb-Be assemblages never contain zircon as a constituent preclude leaching of preexisting amphibole or zirconosilicates as significant sources of REEs, Nb, or Be. Rather, these elements may have inherently been present in magmatic-hydrothermal fluids or have been leached from crystallized fluoride melts.
Orthopaedic In-Training Examination: History, Perspective, and Tips for Residents
Authors: Le Hai V. , Wick Joseph B. , Haus Brian M. , Dyer George S. M.
Published: January 2021

Introduced in 1963, the orthopaedic in-training examination (OITE) is a standardized, national test administered annually to orthopaedic residents by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. The examination consists of 275 multiple-choice questions that cover 11 domains of orthopaedic knowledge, including basic science, foot and ankle, hand, hip and knee, oncology, pediatrics, shoulder and elbow, spine, sports medicine, trauma, and practice management. The OITE has been validated and is considered predictive of success in both orthopaedic surgery residency and on the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery part I examination. This article provides a historical overview of the OITE, details its current structure and scoring system, and reviews currently available study materials. For examination preparation, the residents are encouraged to (1) start the examination preparation early, (2) practice on old OITE or self-assessment examination questions, (3) focus on the questions answered incorrectly, (4) focus on comprehension over memorization, and (5) recognize and avoid burnout. Finally, the residents should have a systemic way of approaching each multiple-choice question, both during practice and on the actual examination.
Variáveis dendrométricas e produção de Eucalyptus benthamii em diferentes espaçamentos
Authors: Farinha Watzlawick Luciano , Carla Benin Cristiane
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of planting spacing on production and dendrometric variables, in experimental planting with improved E. benthamiiseeds, at six years of age. The experimental design adopted was in randomized blocks, with four replications of twenty trees. The treatments were four planting spacing 3 x 2 m, 3 x 3 m, 3 x 4 m and 4 x 4 m. After the field procedures (forest inventory, sampling and cubage of 79 trees), the main dendrometric parameters were obtained in each spacing. The heights were determined by a hypsometric relationship and the volume ofother trees in the stand was estimated by the model of Schumacher and Hall (1933). The dendrometric variables showed a high correlation with the spacing. The wider spacing favored the diameter, height, transversal area and the individual volume, while the smaller vital spaces were responsible for the highest values of basal area and volume per hectare. Production ranged from 238.90 m³ ha-1in the largest spacing to 392.08 m³ ha-1in the smallest spacing. It was concluded that there was an effect of the planting spacing, and that with the trends observed regarding the higher production per hectare in the denser spacing, it is opportune to plan the forest production according to the planting spacing adopted.
Kalman Filter Harmonic Bank for Vostok Ice Core Data Analysis and Climate Predictions
Authors: Hodzic Migdat , Kennedy Ivan
Published: January 2021

The Vostok ice core data cover 420,000 years indicating the natural regularity of Earth’s surface temperature and climate. Here, we consider four major cycles of similar duration, ranging from 86,000 to 128,000 years, comprising 15% of periods for the warming interglacials compared to some 85% of cooling periods. Globally, we are near the peak of a rapid warming period. We perform a detailed frequency analysis of temperature and CO2 cycles, as a primary stage in building a logical Climate Prediction Engine (CPE), illustrated with specific harmonics. This analysis can be repeated for all harmonics and various cycle combinations. Our time correlation estimates the CO2 time lag for temperature at 400–2300 years, depending on the cycle, longer on average than previously concluded. We also perform Fast-Fourier transform analysis, identifying a full harmonic spectrum for each cycle, plus an energy analysis to identify each harmonic amplitude − to achieve further prediction analysis using a Kalman filter harmonic bank. For Vostok data we can use combinations of different cycles compared to the most recent for learning and then the current ongoing cycle for testing. Assuming causal time regularity, more cycles can be employed in training, hence reducing the prediction error for the next cycle. This results in prediction of climate data with both naturally occurring as well as human forced CO2 values. We perform this detailed time and frequency analysis as a basis for improving the quality of our climate prediction methodologies, with particular attention to testing alternative hypotheses of the possible causes of climate change. These include the effect on albedo of suspended dust and increasing water vapor with temperature in initiating interglacial warming, the effect of temperature and pH values of surface water on ambient level of CO2 in the atmosphere and finding a larger latent heat capacity in the atmosphere required to sustain its circulatory motions, leading to friction and turbulent release of heat in boundary layer. All these potentials can be examined in an effective CPE.
On Telecommunications Thorn Path to the IP World: From Cybersecurity to Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Sneps-Sneppe Manfred
Published: January 2021

The chapter is devoted to the discussion of the telecommunications development strategy. Communication specialists all around the world are facing the problem: how to shift from circuit switching to packet switching. The same problem is the main challenge for the US Department of Defense. We discuss the Defense Information System Network move from circuits to packets, namely, “Joint Vision 2010” doctrine - the implementation of signaling protocol #7 and Advanced Intelligent Network, and “Joint Vision 2020” - the network transformation by the transition to Assured Services Session Initiation Protocol and Multifunctional SoftSwiches. We describe some packet switching shortcomings during the implementation of Joint Vision 2020, namely, the failed GSM-O contract and Joint regional security stacks failures. The Defense Department’s newly released cloud strategy positions the general-purpose Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure (JEDI) cloud initiative as the foundation. The strategy emphasizes a cloud hierarchy at DoD, but JEDI cloud strategy leaves a series of unanswered questions relating to the interoperability of clouds. The JEDI cloud strategy has based on Artificial Intelligence Initiative. We conclude that the long-term channel - packet coexistence seems inevitable, especially in the face of growing cyber threats.