bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Basic Approach to Equations of States for Studying the Real Behavior of Noble Gases
Authors: Langhals Heinz
Published: January 2025

The relation between the pressure and molar concentration (in mol/L) of real gases in a low- to medium-pressure range is precisely described by a logarithmic two-parameter equation. Increasing the concentration caused an increase in pressure and also the weakening of the effect due to intermolecular interactions, forming the basis for an equation with an adjusted parameter. Exceeding a critical concentration by a further increase caused a switch to another set of parameters in the same equation. At high pressure, a second switch to an exponential term was observed. This equation of state, defined segment by segment, was attributed to three different structures of the medium. The validity of the equations found was verified with experimental data reported in the literature for helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon and is discussed in more detail for argon. The temperature dependence of the parameters of the equations is reported and the formation of a liquid phase is discussed.
1-(2,3,5,6-Tetramethylphenyl)ethan-1-one
Authors: Cordes David B. , Smellie Iain A. , Chalmers Brian A.
Published: January 2025

X-ray crystallography was used to characterize 1-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)ethan-1-one (acetyldurene) for the first time.
Efficient Photoelectrochemical Reduction of CO2 in Seawater with Cheap and Abundant Cu2O/Al2O3/TiO2 Electrode
Authors: Parzuch Aleksandra , Kuder Katarzyna , Nikiforow Kostiantyn , Wróbel Piotr , Kaproń Grzegorz , Bieńkowski Krzysztof , Solarska Renata
Published: January 2025

The photoelectrochemical (PEC) reduction of carbon dioxide to environmentally friendly fuels is a promising strategy to address the challenge of clean energy demand. Semiconductor photocathodes such as Cu2O enable the reduction of carbon dioxide, but their main drawback is their instability and susceptibility to photocorrosion. In this work, Al2O3 and TiO2 were utilized to enhance stability, photoelectrochemical activity, and charge transport facilitation, resulting in a 2.8-fold increase in generated photocurrent density (1.4 mA/cm2 at −0.2 V vs. RHE). The experiments were conducted in a 0.5 M NaCl solution, simulating seawater conditions, to evaluate the performance and stability of the system in an environment closer to real-world applications
Dynamic Performance Analysis and Fault Ride-Through Enhancement by a Modified Fault Current Protection Scheme of a Grid-Connected Doubly Fed Induction Generator
Authors: Talani Rameez Akbar , Kaloi Ghulam Sarwar , Ali Aamir , Bijarani Muhammad Ali , Abbas Ghulam , Hatatah Mohammed , Mercorelli Paolo , Touti Ezzeddine
Published: January 2025

With the increase in reliance on doubly fed induction generator-based wind energy conversion systems (DFIG-WECSs), extracting maximum power from wind energy and enhancing fault ride-through (FRT) techniques meeting the grid code requirements is the foremost concern. This paper proposes a modified control scheme that operates in normal running conditions and during faults as a dual mode. The proposed control scheme operates in a coordinated wind speed estimation-based maximum power point tracking (WSE-MPPT) mode during normal running conditions to extract maximum power from wind energy and enhances the crowbar rotor active impedance-based FRT mode during faults. The proposed technique controls the rotor side converter (RSC) parameters during faults by limiting the transient surge in the rotor and stator currents. In this study, the transient behavior of the proposed technique is analyzed under a three-phase symmetrical fault with a severe voltage dip, and it is observed that, when the fault is over and the RSC is activated and connected to the system, a large inrush current is produced with transient oscillations; the proposed scheme suppresses this post-fault inrush current and limits the transient oscillation. During the FRT operating mode under a symmetrical fault, the simulation results of the proposed technique are validated by the conventional crowbar strategy. In contrast, during the WSE-MPPT operating mode under normal running conditions, a smooth achievement of system parameters after starting the inrush period to a steady state at fixed wind speed is observed.
Phase Evolution of Molybdenum Concentrate During the Vacuum Distillation Process
Authors: Mi Haoguang , Ren Qian , Wang Fei
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a method for purifying molybdenum concentrate through vacuum distillation and examines the phase evolution of MoS2 during the process. First, the forms in which impurities exist in molybdenum concentrate and the feasibility of their volatilization are analyzed, while the structural changes of MoS2 in a vacuum environment are discussed and verified through theoretical calculations. Next, experiments are conducted to study the effects of holding temperature, holding time, and other influencing factors on the transformation process of the molybdenum concentrate. The feasibility of impurity volatilization and the structural evolution of MoS2 are further evaluated through experimental analysis of the condensates and residues in the temperature interval of 1273–1623 K. The results demonstrate that impurities can be effectively removed without compromising the natural structure of MoS2.
Study on Stress Corrosion Cracking Mechanism of Steel Wires with Different Strength Levels
Authors: Zhao Guangze , Ma Xu , Ma Ke
Published: January 2025

In civil engineering, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a common cause of premature failure in steel wires, and effective solutions are currently limited. Investigating the SCC behavior of steel wires with different strength levels is crucial for understanding its fracture mechanism and developing potential solutions. This study examines the SCC behavior of wire rods with three strength grades (Steel A, B, and C) through stress corrosion experiments. The results show that high-strength wire rods have smaller pearlite interlamellar spacing. Steel C has the highest tensile strength (2303 MPa), while Steel A has the lowest (1830 MPa). Regarding stress corrosion sensitivity, the SCC mechanism of Steel C is dominated by hydrogen embrittlement, while Steels A and B primarily exhibit anodic dissolution as the cracking mechanism. Although Steel C has the smallest pearlite interlamellar spacing and superior corrosion resistance, its SCC failure time is the shortest due to hydrogen embrittlement. In contrast, for the anodic dissolution cracking mechanism, Steel B has a smaller pearlite interlamellar spacing, which enhances its corrosion resistance, and exhibits higher local stress stability due to its higher strength, resulting in the best SCC resistance (failure time: 3.81 h). This study reveals the synergistic effects of microstructure and strength on the SCC behavior of wire rods, offering theoretical guidance for the application of high-strength wire rods.
Effect of Al-5Ti-1B-xCe Refiner on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cast Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu Alloys
Authors: Cui Shenshen , Lu Qiang , Wang Qudong , Li Dezhi , Lei Chuan
Published: January 2025

The effects of Ce content on the microstructure and phase composition of the Al-5Ti-1B refiner and the refining effect of the Al-5Ti-1B-xCe (x = 0, 1, 5, 10 wt.%) refiner on the grain size, microstructure, and mechanical properties of Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu alloys were studied. The results show that the addition of 1.0 wt.% Ce in the Al-5Ti-1B refiner changes the TiAl3 phase from block to strip, and the massive Ti2Al20Ce phase is formed. When the Ce content of the Al-5Ti-1B refiner increases to 5.0 wt.%, the plate-like TiAl3 phase is surrounded by the Ti2Al20Ce phase, and the reticulate Al4Ce phase is formed. With the Ce content of the Al-5Ti-1B refiner further increasing to 10.0 wt.%, a lot of network distribution Al4Ce phase is formed. The volume of the Mg32(AlCuZn)49 phase of the as-cast Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu alloys is reduced after refining with the Al-5Ti-1B-xCe refiner. The Al-5Ti-1B-1Ce refiner has the best refining effect on as-cast Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu alloys, and the grain size of as-cast Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu alloys refined by the Al-5Ti-1B-1Ce refiner is reduced by 43% compared with as-cast Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu alloys refined by the Al-5Ti-1B refiner. Compared to the aged Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu alloys refined by the Al-5Ti-1B refiner, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and fracture elongation of aged Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu alloys refined by the Al-5Ti-1B-5Ce refiner are improved by 4.0%, 4.6%, and 25.6%, respectively. Therefore, it can be seen that Al-5Ti-1B-1Ce refiner and Al-5Ti-1B-5Ce refiner have broad application prospects.
Capacitance–Voltage Studies on Electrostatically Actuated MEMS Micromirror Arrays
Authors: Chen Jiahao , Yang Xiaohui , Iskhandar Mustaqim Siddi Que , Hasan Md. Kamrul , Baby Shilby , Qasim Muhammad Hasnain , Löber Dennis , Liu Shujie , Donatiello Roland , Liebermann Steffen , Xu Guilin , Hillmer Hartmut
Published: January 2025

This article presents the electrostatic actuation performance of micromirror arrays for intelligent active daylight control and energy management in green buildings using a capacitive–voltage (C-V) measurement technique. In order to understand how geometric hinge parameters, initial opening angles, and materials affect the overall efficiency and functionality of the system, micromirror arrays have been analyzed using C-V measurements considering (i) full and broken hinge structures, (ii) 90° and 130° initial tilt angles (Φ), and (iii) different material layer combinations. The measurement results indicate that both an increase in the Young’s modulus of the applied materials and increasing the initial tilt angles increase the threshold voltages during the closing process of the micromirrors.
Can Wastewater Surveillance Enhance Genomic Tracking of Climate-Driven Pathogens?
Authors: Van Poelvoorde Laura A. E. , Karlsson Erik A. , Dupont-Rouzeyrol Myrielle , Roosens Nancy H. C. J.
Published: January 2025

Climate change heightens the threat of infectious diseases in Europe, necessitating innovative surveillance methods. Based on 390 scientific papers, for the first time, this review associates climate-related pathogens, data related to their presence in wastewater, and associated available genomic detection methods. This deep analysis reveals a wide range of pathogens that can be tracked through methods such as quantitative and digital PCR, as well as genomic pathogen enrichment in combination with sequencing and metagenomics. Nevertheless, significant gaps remain in the development of methods, particularly for vector-borne pathogens, and in their general harmonization relating to performance criteria. By offering an overview of recent advancements while identifying critical gaps, we advocate for collaborative research and validation to integrate detection techniques into surveillance frameworks. This will enhance public health resilience against emerging infectious diseases driven by climate change.
The Preparation of Cyclic Binary Block Polymer Using Bimolecular Homodifunctional Coupling Reaction and Characterization of Its Performance as a Drug Carrier
Authors: Kang Guiying , Lu Muxin , Zhou Kang , Yu Cuiyun , Wei Hua
Published: January 2025

There is relatively little research on cyclic amphiphilic block polymers, having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments placed in the ring and thus resulting in a higher degree of topological restriction, as drug vehicles. Cyclic amphiphilic binary block polymer is synthesized by the click coupling reaction of bimolecular homodifunctional precursors. The results indicate that cyclization between linear polymer precursors is successful if the trace linear by-products generated are ignored, which also suggests that the small molecule bifunctional terminating agent applied in traditional bimolecular homodifunctional ring-closure process can be extended to large molecule. Moreover, the study on the self-assembly behavior of polymers shows that, compared with linear counterparts, the stability and drug loading capacity of micelles based on the resultant cyclic polymer are not significantly improved due to the influence of topological structure and linear impurities. Nevertheless, drug loaded micelles formed by the obtained cyclic polymers still exhibit superior cellular uptake ability. It can be seen that topological effects do play an irreplaceable role in the application performance of polymers. Therefore, the construction and synthesis of cyclic and its derivative polymers with moderate topological confinement and high purity may be a key direction for future exploration of polymer drug delivery carriers.
Preparation and Transformations of Acetophenone-Derived Enamino Ketones, BF2-β-Ketoiminates, and BF2-β-Diketonates
Authors: Brodnik Helena , Ciber Luka , Grošelj Uroš , Petek Nejc , Štefane Bogdan , Svete Jurij
Published: January 2025

A series of differently substituted β-enaminones 2a,b, 4a–i, 8a–d, and 9–13, their BF2-β-ketoiminate complexes 5a–d, and BF2-β-diketonate complexes 6a–d were prepared as model substrates for photochemical transformations. The attempted photochemical transformations of enaminones 2, 4, 8 and BF2-β-ketoiminate complexes 5 failed. On the other hand, irradiation of mixtures of BF2-β-diketonate complexes 6a–d and cycloalkanes with UV-A light (365 nm) gave the corresponding De Mayo reaction products 7a–f in 9–30% yields. The photochemical ring-expansion of acetyl tetralone-derived BF2-complex 6d gave novel diannulated cyclooctane derivatives 7e and 7f, which would be difficult to obtain using conventional cyclization methods.
Subclinical Carotid Disease Is Associated with Low Serum Vitamin D in Nondiabetic Middle-Aged Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Bulfone Luca , Vacca Antonio , Brosolo Gabriele , Da Porto Andrea , Bertin Nicole , Vivarelli Cinzia , Catena Cristiana , Sechi Leonardo A.
Published: January 2025

Subclinical carotid artery disease anticipates major cardiovascular events, and previous studies show that low vitamin D levels are associated with arterial stiffening in hypertension. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels with subclinical carotid disease in hypertensive patients. In 223 middle-aged, nondiabetic, primary hypertensive patients free of major cardiovascular and renal complications, we measured 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) and assessed subclinical carotid arteries changes by B-mode ultrasonography. The carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and presence of plaques were assessed together with measurements of indexes of carotid artery distensibility (coefficient of distensibility) or stiffening (Young’s elastic modulus; β-stiffness). Lower 25(OH)D levels were associated with older age (p < 0.001), longer duration of hypertension (p = 0.019), higher fasting plasma glucose (p = 0.037), and insulin (p = 0.044), Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index (p = 0.044), and PTH (p < 0.001). Insufficient and deficient 25(OH)D were associated with progressively greater carotid IMT (p < 0.001), frequency of carotid plaques (p = 0.026), Young’s elastic modulus (p = 0.002), and β-stiffness (p < 0.001), and progressively lower carotid coefficient of distensibility (p < 0.001). Serum levels of 25(OH)D were negatively correlated with age (p < 0.001), duration of hypertension (p = 0.006), fasting glucose (p < 0.001), HOMA index (p = 0.032), PTH (p < 0.001), carotid IMT (p < 0.001), Young’s elastic modulus (p = 0.025), and β-stiffness (p < 0.001), and positively related with carotid coefficient of distensibility (p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that both higher carotid IMT (p = 0.004) and lower coefficient of distensibility (p = 0.002) were related to lower 25(OH)D independent of age, severity, and duration of hypertension and metabolic variables. In conclusion, deficiency/insufficiency of 25(OH)D independently predicts subclinical carotid disease in uncomplicated, middle-aged, hypertensive patients and might predispose these patients to major cardiovascular complications.
Mango Consumption Is Associated with Increased Insulin Sensitivity in Participants with Overweight/Obesity and Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation
Authors: Pett Katherine D , Alex Peter Geevarghese , Weisfuss Casey , Sandhu Amandeep , Burton-Freeman Britt , Edirisinghe Indika
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with insulin resistance and poor glycemic control, leading to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study investigated the effect of regular mango intake on inflammation and insulin sensitivity in participants with overweight or obesity and chronic low-grade inflammation. Methods: A human clinical study was performed using a randomized, controlled, two-arm, parallel design with a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) administered before and after 4 weeks (4 W) of mango or control product intake (1 cup/twice a day). Fasting and time course blood sampling for 2 h post-OGTT were analyzed for effects on plasma metabolic and inflammation endpoints using analysis of covariance and repeated-measure approaches (SAS 9.4). Results: Forty-eight adults (37.6 ± 2.8 years, 30.5 ± 4.1 BMI kg/m2) completed the study. Markers of inflammation (IL-6, TNFα, hs-CRP) were not different at the end of 4 W (p > 0.05). The intervention did not significantly influence fasting glucose concentrations; however, insulin was significantly lowered with the mango compared to the control intervention (8.2 ± 1.2 vs. 15.3 ± 1.2 µIU/mL respectively, p = 0.05). Furthermore, the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), along with the disposition index (DI), was significantly improved in the mango compared to the control interventions (HOMA-IR, 2.28 ± 1.19 vs. 4.67 ± 1.21, p = 0.03; DI, 2.76 ± 1.02 vs. 5.37 ± 1.03, p = 0.04). Mean insulin concentrations were also significantly lower at W4 compared to W0 after the OGTT in the mango vs. control intervention (intervention × week effect, p = 0.04). Relative expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), a gene regulating endogenous antioxidant defense, was non-significantly increased twofold in the mango intervention (W4 vs. W0). Conclusions: Collectively, the data suggest that mango intake increased insulin sensitivity in individuals with chronic low-grade inflammation, possibly through activating Nrf-2 genes and increasing cellular antioxidant status. The data warrant further research on consuming mango fruit as part of a dietary pattern to address insulin resistance and the mechanisms underpinning the actions of mango intake.
Advanced Detection and Classification of Kelp Habitats Using Multibeam Echosounder Water Column Point Cloud Data
Authors: Nau Amy W. , Lucieer Vanessa , Schimel Alexandre C. G. , Kunnath Haris , Ladroit Yoann , Martin Tara
Published: January 2025

Kelps are important habitat-forming species in shallow marine environments, providing critical habitat, structure, and productivity for temperate reef ecosystems worldwide. Many kelp species are currently endangered by myriad pressures, including changing water temperatures, invasive species, and anthropogenic threats. This situation necessitates advanced methods to detect kelp density, which would allow tracking density changes, understanding ecosystem dynamics, and informing evidence-based management strategies. This study introduces an innovative approach to detect kelp density with multibeam echosounder water column data. First, these data are filtered into a point cloud. Then, a range of variables are derived from these point cloud data, including average acoustic energy, volume, and point density. Finally, these variables are used as input to a Random Forest model in combination with bathymetric variables to classify sand, bare rock, sparse kelp, and dense kelp habitats. At 5 m resolution, we achieved an overall accuracy of 72.5% with an overall Area Under the Curve of 0.874. Notably, our method achieved high accuracy across the entire multibeam swath, with only a 1 percent point decrease in model accuracy for data falling within the part of the multibeam water column data impacted by sidelobe artefact noise, which significantly expands the potential of this data type for wide-scale monitoring of threatened kelp ecosystems.
A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of Hot and Cool Executive Functions in Reward and Competition
Authors: Lin Hsin-Yu , Fung Hoki , Wang Yifan , Ho Roger Chun-Man , Chen Shen-Hsing Annabel
Published: January 2025

Social and environmental influences are important for learning. However, the influence of reward and competition during social learning is less understood. The literature suggests that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is implicated in hot executive functioning (EF), while the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is related to cool EF. In addition, reward processing deficits are associated with atypical connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and the dorsofrontal regions. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine the role of hot and cool EF in reward processing and their relationship to performance under social competition. We adapted a reward-based n-back task to examine the neural correlates of hot and cool EF and the reward influence on performance during competition. A total of 29 healthy adults showed cortical activation associated with individual differences in EF abilities during fMRI scans. Hot and cool EF activated distinct networks in the right insula, hippocampus, left caudate nucleus, and superior parietal gyrus during the no-competition task, while they differentially activated the right precuneus and caudate nucleus in the competition condition. Further analysis revealed correlations between the Hot–Cool network and reward sensitivity and risk-taking behaviour. The findings provided further insights into the neural basis of hot and cool EF engagement in the socio-emotional regulation for learning.
Exploring the Morpho-Physiological Dormancy and Germination Potential of Paeonia peregrina Mill. Seeds In Vitro
Authors: Sarropoulou Virginia , Maloupa Eleni , Grigoriadou Katerina
Published: January 2025

Herbaceous peonies, specifically the Balkan–Anatolian Paeonia peregrina Miller, are species with various uses such as ornamental and garden purposes, or they can be cut as flowers or potted, or they can be eaten or used for medicinal purposes due to the rich nutritional content of their seeds. However, conventional propagation methods, including rhizome division, grafting, and layering, are slow, while seed propagation is challenging due to double morpho-physiological dormancy. This study therefore evaluated the in vitro germination potential of P. peregrina seeds in darkness under different culture conditions, including different temperature regimes (constant at 15 °C or alternating from 22 °C to 15 °C); incubation periods [120 days: 22 °C (14 d) to 15 °C (0–105 d); 120 days: 22 °C (33 d) to 15 °C (0–87 d); 90 or 140 days at 15 °C]; seed cold storage period (none; 30 days; 3 months; or 2, 5, and 8 years); and gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg L−1), as dormancy release methods. The results indicated that 60-day-stored seeds (30 d at 15 °C and 30 d cold-storaged at 4–5 °C) exhibited 100% germination within an 80-day culture under 250 mg L−1 GA3 at 15 °C. A lower and constant temperature of 15 °C, a shorter 30-day seed cold storage period, and the lowest GA3 concentration of 250 mg L−1 comprised the most effective combination treatment for dormancy release and germination acceleration. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms of seed dormancy removal is imperative for successful germination, growth rate and seedling establishment, shortened breeding cycles, and germplasm conservation, leading to the field cultivation and economic production of these peony plants.
Multi-Criteria Decision Making for Risk Management in Quality Management Systems
Authors: Yazo-Cabuya Eliana Judith , Ibeas Asier , Rey-Caballero Rossanna
Published: January 2025

This study addresses risk management in quality management systems by analyzing risk prioritization using the multi-criteria methods Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The primary objective was to identify and evaluate key risks, considering emerging factors such as climate change, to strengthen organizational resilience in the long term. A panel of 42 experts prioritized the following risk typologies: (i) geopolitical, (ii) economic, (iii) social, (iv) technological, and (v) environmental. The results revealed an increase in the importance of geopolitical and economic risks for 2024 compared to 2020, while technological and environmental risks decreased. Additionally, risks were projected over the next 10 years, highlighting extreme climate events and biodiversity loss as the most relevant for 2034. The findings emphasize the need for a proactive approach to risk management, aligned with ISO 9001:2015 standards and its recent climate change amendment published in 2024, to adapt organizational strategies for a constantly evolving global environment and ensure long-term sustainability.
Assessing the Efficiency of Phragmites australis in Wastewater Treatment as a Natural Approach to Water Quality Improvement
Authors: Bouchaala Laid , Charchar Nabil , Grara Nedjoud , Amor Ilham Ben , Zeghoud Soumeia , Hemmami Hadia , Houhamdi Moussa , Szparaga Agnieszka , Murariu Otilia Cristina , Caruso Gianluca , Bellucci Stefano
Published: January 2025

The Oued Zénati, a vital waterway in Algeria, faces severe pollution from urban discharges, hospital wastewater, and agricultural activities, threatening both the ecosystem and public health. This pollution is characterized by high nutrient levels, suspended solids, and fecal contamination indicators, jeopardizing biodiversity and human well-being. To explore natural restoration solutions, this study assessed the purification potential of reeds (Phragmites australis) found in the Oued Zénati riverbed. Water quality was analyzed at three sites: a non-polluted control site (S1), a wastewater discharge area (S2), and a reed-dense area (S3). Results revealed a significant deterioration in water quality at site S2, with high concentrations of nutrients, suspended solids (SS), and fecal contamination indicators. However, a notable improvement in water quality was observed at site S3, downstream of the reed-dense area, with reductions in fecal coliforms (68.5%), fecal streptococci (92.3%), and phosphates (40.3%), and increased levels of dissolved oxygen (DO). These findings suggest that phytoremediation using P. australis could offer a cost-effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly solution for restoring the Oued Zénati. This study recommends establishing phragmifiltration stations, developing artificial wetlands, and enhancing sanitation systems, including hospital wastewater treatment. Public awareness campaigns promoting water and environmental protection are crucial for long-term success. This phytoremediation approach offers economic, ecological, and aesthetic advantages over conventional wastewater treatment techniques.
Value Chain Opportunities for Pacific Coastal Resources
Authors: Bennett Michael , March Antaya , Greer Ray , Failler Pierre
Published: January 2025

Oceanic tuna fisheries are a major contributor to the economic health of Pacific Island countries (PICs), with coastal fisheries underpinning the livelihoods of locals, providing food security, significant employment, culture, and human welfare. Livelihood development across various PICs is hindered by the inability to harness the maximum potential of coastal fishery resources, particularly through the lack of identifying targeted development needs. Development of coastal value chains facilitates resilience by reducing local reliance on tuna fisheries and associated vulnerability to tuna industry dynamics to support socio-economic development throughout the PICs while maintaining food security. The aim of this paper is to identify priority opportunities for developing coastal resource value chains in PICs, targeting increased local economic resilience and food security. A methodology developed by the World Bank was used to assist stakeholders and policymakers to coalesce around common strategies for the value chains. Six value chains were identified: beche-de-mer; ornamental black pearls and Trochus shell; fresh fish for the domestic market; reef fish exports; export of live lobsters; and export of aquarium fish products. Porter’s Five Forces framework was used for value chain analysis, and strategic repositioning considerations and areas for investment support within high-priority value chains were identified. Fisheries data collection, community-based sustainable management and aquaculture restocking programmes, habitat restoration, development of the cold chain, air freight logistics for export, and facilitating international market connections and market access were identified for external investment support.
DNA-Binding Activities of KSHV DNA Polymerase Processivity Factor (PF-8) Complexes
Authors: Travis Jennifer Kneas , Martin Megan , Costantini Lindsey M.
Published: January 2025

Kaposi’s Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of several human diseases. There are few effective treatments available to treat infection and KSHV oncogenesis. Disrupting the KSHV infectious cycle would diminish the viral spread. The KSHV lytic phase and production of new virions require efficient copying and packaging of the KSHV genome. KSHV encodes its own lytic DNA replication machinery, including the processivity factor (PF-8), which presents itself as an attractive target for antiviral development. We characterized PF-8 at the single molecule level using transmission electron microscopy to identify key molecular interactions that mediate viral DNA replication initiation. Our results indicate that PF-8 forms oligomeric ring structures (tetramer, hexamer, and/or dodecamer) similar to the related Epstein–Barr virus processivity factor (BMRF1). Our DNA positional mapping revealed high-frequency binding locations of PF-8 within the lytic origin of replication (OriLyt). A multi-variable analysis of PF-8 DNA-binding activity with three mutant OriLyts provides new insights into the mechanisms that PF-8 associates with viral DNA and complexes to form multi-ring-like structures. Collectively, these data enhance the mechanistic understanding of the molecular interactions (protein–protein and protein-DNA) of an essential KSHV DNA replication protein.
Reducing the Impacts of Withdrawals on the Water Distribution in Main Irrigation Canals Based on a Modified Smith Predictor Control Scheme
Authors: Mehallel Aissa , Feliu-Batlle Vicente
Published: January 2025

The main function of irrigation canals is to transport water efficiently from a source to target locations, but flow disturbances caused by farmer withdrawals often reduce water delivery efficiency to the destination. The dynamics of these canals involve a significant time delay. To address this, control systems based on the Smith predictor suitable for time-delayed systems have been proposed. However, the classical Smith predictor struggles with disturbance rejection, prompting recent modifications to enhance this capability. This paper addresses a new robust Smith predictor control scheme that outperforms previous modifications. Our study utilized a laboratory irrigation canal platform to identify its dynamics, including those caused by flow disturbances. The proposed control system was then designed and evaluated for disturbance rejection and robustness. Simulations comparing the scheme with other methods highlight its superiority, which was further validated through practical experiments, demonstrating the improved rejection of flow disturbance effects over the standard Smith predictor.
Análise do papel do gestor de tráfego em uma assessoria de marketing digital e seus impactos no fluxo de informações
Authors: Gonçalves Gabriel de Oliveira
Published: January 2025

No cenário atual, a análise do trabalho tornou-se essencial diante das mudanças constantes na organização e das inovações que afetam a maneira como conduzimos as atividades. Dessa forma, esse estudo concentra-se no setor de tráfego pago, dada sua relevância organizacional na assessoria de marketing digital, especialmente no que se refere à comunicação. Diante disso, o principal foco da análise foi a ineficiência na transmissão de informações, um problema relatado por todos os funcionários e que impacta todos os setores da empresa. Nesse contexto, o papel do Gestor de Tráfego se destaca, envolvendo-se na comunicação entre áreas internas e clientes. Assim, o objetivo primordial deste estudo foi resolver os desafios relacionados à transmissão de informações na Insider Mídia, integrando uma perspectiva ergonômica aos aspectos organizacionais. Essa meta foi alcançada por meio de uma análise das atividades de duas Gestoras de Tráfego, proporcionando uma visão detalhada de suas responsabilidades diárias, ferramentas utilizadas e interações. Além disso, as entrevistas semi-estruturadas foram fundamentais para identificar oportunidades de melhoria, visando otimizar o trabalho dos funcionários e aprimorar a eficiência da comunicação na organização.
Teaching methods for large student groups at a Chinese university
Authors: Holubnycha Liudmyla , Kostikova Ilona , Besarab Tetiana , Koshechkina Tetyana
Published: January 2025

The aim of teaching at tertiary level is to reinforce education by developing effective teaching methods and organizational forms as well as enhancing teacher-student interaction.
The purpose of this article is to share the authors’ experience of applying a contextual teaching approach as one of the main forms of interactive classroom technology within large groups of students at a Chinese university providing pre-service teacher training.
Methodology. The study applied general levels of theory (analysis, synthesis, and comparison) to find the most effective teaching methods for classroom interaction within large student groups, as well as methods of empirical level (supervision and discussion) to understand the characteristics of large student groups in China.
Results. Teaching the course “Teaching Methods of English” at Shangqiu Normal University in China, in 2023/24 academic year required an investigation into the most suitable teaching methods for effective interaction within large student groups (120 students). The decision was made in favour of interactive teaching technology, in particular a contextual teaching model. The reason for the choice was dictated by the necessity to keep such a large number of students motivated and engaged during lessons. Academic learning activity (in the form of interactive, problem-based lecture) and quasi-professional activity (in the form of role-playing, professional simulations and others) became the core of student activities.
Conclusions. The authors’ experience enables us to assert that interactive teaching technology, namely a contextual teaching approach is highly recommended for addressing large student groups.
COMPLEX MEASURES TO RESTORE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION IN WOMEN WITH POST-COVID-19
Authors: GOLOVCHAK I. S.
Published: January 2025

Objective. To determine the effectiveness of a complex of measures to restore reproductive function in women with post-COVID-19. Materials and methods. Recommended treatments include balanced nutrition, psychotherapy and psychocorrection, necessary hormone therapy, immunomodulators, means to improve folate metabolism, reduce homocysteine and melatonin metabolism, eliminate vitamin D deficiency, drugs with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and those that positively affect the vascular endothelium. One hundred patients with infertility and longCOVID-19 were examined: the main group - 50 women who used the recommended complex before ART programs and the comparison group - 50 women who did not use additional training. Results. As a result of the application of the recommended complex of therapeutic and preventive measures for women with infertility and long-COVID-19, the following was achieved: a decrease in the manifestations of SVD, clinical anxiety, and depression, balancing of the hormonal background and improvement of the condition of the vessels, which in the complex allowed to reduce the manifestations of long-COVID-19 significantly. The main result of the application of the recommended complex is an increase in the effectiveness of ART programs: the frequency of clinical pregnancy increased to 36.0 versus 20.0% (p < 0.05), and live birth was recorded in 36.0% versus 16.0% (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The high effectiveness of the proposed therapeutic and preventive complex for increasing the effectiveness of ART programs in women with long-COVID-19 allows us to recommend it for widespread use in human reproduction centers.
ASSESSMENT OF THE VOLUME OF PERINATAL CARE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN A SEPARATE REGION
Authors: ZHDANOVICH O.I. , SAVCHUK R.M.
Published: January 2025

An evidence-based approach is needed to improve the quality of care for mothers and newborns, prevent infections, and combat pandemics. The aim is to assess the volume of perinatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic in a separate region of Ukraine (using the Ivano-Frankivsk region as an example). Materials and methods of research. Statistical analysis of cases was carried out based on data from the electronic integrated disease surveillance system (EIDSS) and data from the "Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Perinatal Center" (RPC). Data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and statistical documents from the Ministry of Health of Ukraine were used. Bibliosemantic, analytical, statistical, and conceptual methods were used. The research period is 2020–2023. Results. The shortcomings of providing perinatal medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic include incompleteness of statistical reporting, insufficient provision of diagnostic and treatment tools (test systems, means for respiratory support, etc.), inadequate methodological and informational support for doctors regarding the management of pregnant women with COVID-19 (especially in the initial stages of the pandemic), organizational shortcomings (insufficient compliance with sanitary and epidemiological regulations, as evidenced by 9 cases of pregnant medical staff and 8 cases of positive COVID-19 tests in newborns). Conclusion. The identified shortcomings indicate the need to improve the provision of perinatal care in the event of possible future pandemics.
INFLUENCE OF PRECONCEPTION CARE ON PERINATAL CONSEQUENCES IN STRESS DISORDERS IN FUTURE MOTHERS
Authors: ZHDANOVYCH O.I. , SEMENCHENKO O.I.
Published: January 2025

Aim of the study - to assess the influence of preconception care on perinatal consequences in stress disorders in future mothers. Materials and methods of the study. 60 pregnant women with stress disorders were comprehensively examined: the main group - 30 pregnant women who did not receive preconception training, and the control group - 30 pregnant women who received preconception training, received all recommendations. Results. With poor preconception care, women with stress disorders have a higher frequency of adverse factors. These are bad habits (15.7% of women smoked cigarettes, 6.7% drank alcohol), obesity (23.3%), unbalanced nutrition, insufficient physical activity, non-compliance with the work and rest regime, stress (38.0%). High frequency of gestational and perinatal complications: anemia (30.0%), early gestosis (33.3%), threat of interruption (30.0%), 1 (3.3%) patient had a miscarriage. Gestational diabetes was diagnosed in 16.7% of pregnant women, and the threat of premature birth in 18.0%. Signs of placental dysfunction were noted in 30.0% of those examined, which is manifested by fetal distress in 26.7% and fetal growth retardation in 16.7% of patients. Operative delivery was performed in 20.0% of patients, the frequency of premature birth was 16.7%, fetal distress during labor - 20.0%, in 10.0% - increased blood loss. 34.5% of children were born in a state of asphyxia, in 6.7% - severe asphyxia, 20.7% of newborns weighing less than 2500 g, in 10.3% - signs of intrauterine infection. In 37.9%, various disorders of neonatal adaptation were noted, increased jaundice (27.6%), CNS disorders (24.1%), respiratory distress syndrome (20.7%). Conclusion. The significant frequency of perinatal disorders will have an ambiguous effect on the increase in the morbidity of children in the future, the disruption of their physical and cognitive development, which determines the high social significance of the problem of preconception care for stress disorders in women.
GENERATION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES BY LEUKOCYTES IN ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING DURING PUBERTY
Authors: NAKONECHNA O.A. , VYGIVSKA L.A. , PLIEKHOVA O.O.
Published: January 2025

Abnormal uterine bleeding during puberty is a complex impairment affecting life quality and requiring an in-depth study of pathogenesis. AUB accounts for 50% of all gynecological diseases in the pubertal period. Purpose. To investigate the peculiarities of the intensity of generation of reactive oxygen species in leukocytes of peripheral blood during abnormal uterine bleeding in the pubertal period. Materials and methods of the study. The study involved 31 patients aged 10 to 17 years with AUB, who made up the main group (MG), and 12 somatically healthy girls (control group (CG)). Depending on the level of hemoglobin in the complete blood count, MG patients were further divided into three subgroups. The degree of anemia severity was determined by hemoglobin level in the clinical blood test and presentation of the patients (weakness, headache, dizziness, pale skin, decreased performance at school). With the help of flow cytometry, the level of ROS generation in leukocytes was assessed, the redox potential of the studied cells was determined,. Results. As a result of the conducted study, it was determined that in patients with AUBPP and grade I anemia, the generation of ROS in leukocytes did not differ from DCF MFI indicator in CG subjects. The generation of ROS in the blood leukocytes of patients with AUBPP and with grade II anemia significantly exceeded this indicator in CG and in patients with grade I anemia by 232.3% and 254.1%, respectively. The highest level of ROS generation in leukocytes was observed in patients with AUBPP and grade III anemia. The study showed an increase in the content of ROS in leukocytes by 13.5 and 14.4 times compared to CG and group 1, respectively. When compared with the DCF MFI indicator in leukocytes of Group 2 patients, the generation of ROS was 4.1 times higher. Conclusions. The highest level of ROS generation in leukocytes occurs in patients with AUBPP and II and III grade anemia. Increased generation of ROS in peripheral blood leukocytes contributes to cell death, which can subsequently lead to a decrease in the body's immune status and the development of acute and chronic pathological processes in the body.
DETERMINATION OF THE PRECONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOMETRIOS ON THE BASE OF THE CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS WITH DYSMANORRHEA
Authors: TANKO O.P. , BLAHOVESHCHENSKYI E.V. , SСHILLING M.V. , DANYLOVA Y.M.
Published: January 2025

The aim of the study is to study the anamnestic data and clinical characteristics of adolescent girls with dysmenorrhea and to determine possible prerequisites for the development of endometriosis in these patients. Materials and methods. 157 adolescent girls aged from 12 to 17 years were examined (30 healthy girls; 65 patients with primary dysmenorrhea, 62 with secondary dysmenorrhea. The diagnostic complex included an analysis of the antenatal and early neonatal periods, a general clinical examination with determination of the severity of amenorrhea on a point scale; special gynecological, ultrasound examination with assessment of the contractile activity of the myometrium; methods of statistical analysis. Results and discussion. As a result of the research, the presence of pathological conditions in the antenatal and early neonatal periods was established in teenage girls with dysmenorrhea; predominance of severe and extremely severe manifestations of dysmenorrhea when assessed on a point scale; violation of the contractile activity of the uterus in patients with secondary dysmenorrhea and clinical and ultrasound manifestations of endometriosis. Conclusion. Identified violations may be the basis for the development of endometriosis in adolescence
Propuesta de talleres metodológicos para la prevención de abuso sexual en adolescentes
Authors: Noa-Salvazán Liubal , Creagh-Almiñán Yoasmy , Noa-Creagh Emma Thalia , Pérez-Nariño Ydileidis
Published: January 2025

Se elaboró un sistema de talleres científicos metodológicos producto a la sistematización teórico-práctica de una tesis doctoral. El objetivo es favorecer la preparación metodológica sobre el tratamiento al contenido de la prevención del abuso sexual en la adolescencia en la Disciplina Psicología Médica de la carrera de Medicina en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Guantánamo. Algunos de los métodos y técnicas de investigación científica utilizados, fueron: analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, análisis de documentos y el criterio de expertos. Las principales variables tenidas en cuenta fueron: taller, actividades metodológicas, taller científico metodológico, contenido de la prevención del abuso sexual en la adolescencia. Como principal resultado se favoreció, desde un sistema de talleres científicos metodológicos, la preparación teórica, procedimental y actitudinal del colectivo docente de la disciplina. A partir del aprovechamiento de sus contenidos básicos se ofrece tratamiento al contenido de la prevención del abuso sexual en la adolescencia.
Concepto de torque
Authors: Sánchez Trigo Francisco Horacio , Sañudo Corrales Francisco de Borja
Published: January 2025

Este vídeo educativo está diseñado para facilitar la comprensión del concepto de torque, un tema fundamental en la asignatura de Biomecánica del Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte. Mediante recursos audiovisuales, el vídeo ilustra cómo las fuerzas aplicadas a diferentes distancias respecto a un eje de rotación generan movimientos angulares, destacando las relaciones mecánicas involucradas y su aplicación práctica en el análisis del movimiento humano.

La función principal de este recurso es servir como herramienta didáctica para facilitar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del concepto de torque. Está dirigido a los estudiantes del Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte que cursan la asignatura de Biomecánica (más de 120 alumnos cada año). Su formato audiovisual permite explicar de manera clara y dinámica cómo las fuerzas generan rotaciones en torno a un eje, ayudando a los alumnos a comprender la importancia del torque en la mecánica del movimiento corporal. Este recurso también resulta valioso para profesionales interesados en analizar y optimizar el rendimiento físico mediante la biomecánica aplicada.

El recurso es idóneo para explicar el concepto de torque, un principio fundamental en biomecánica que describe cómo una fuerza aplicada a una cierta distancia de un eje de rotación genera un movimiento angular.
Prisonniers et prisonnières politiques dans les pénitenciers du IIIe Reich : l’émergence d’une identité transcendant le genre
Authors: Willmann Nadine
Published: January 2025

Cet article recensera d’abord les différences dans le traitement et le ressenti des détenu.e.s, ainsi que dans les expédients utilisés pour contrecarrer les effets de l’enfermement. On s’aperçoit que les divergences ne sont pas majoritaires. Elles sont perceptibles par exemple dans les travaux imposés aux détenu.e.s, les châtiments, le comportement des gardien.ne.s ou les soins médicaux. Cependant, les similarités entre prisonniers et prisonnières l’emportent largement, dans les trois domaines évoqués. Elles se remarquent notamment dans l’alimentation, l’hygiène, les conditions du travail forcé, la souffrance due à la solitude, le changement de personnalité, les sources de réconfort, le sentiment de solidarité ou les actions de résistance. En conséquence, il semble que l’on puisse définir une identité originale du détenu politique sous le IIIe Reich, indépendante du genre.