bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Naturally acquired diarrhea in calves from birth to 25 days of age: incidence, clinical Signs, and response to treatment
Authors: Aparecida de Souza Luciana , de Cássia Campbell Machado Botteon Rita , Lage Leopoldino Bruna , Souza Ferreira Albuquerque Bianca , Keren do Carmo Ribeiro Ana , Cominato Vanessa , Oliveira Soares Gabrielle , Magalhães Campos Mariana
Published: January 2024

Diarrhea has a multifactorial etiology and is one of the main diseases affecting dairy calves, promoting high mortality rates in the first weeks of life. This study aimed to assess diarrhea incidence and clinical aspects, as well as clinical responses to treatment (oral and intravenous) with electrolyte solutions. A total of 40 crossbred newborn calves were subjected to daily physical examination until 25 days. Calves with diarrhea (score 3) and dehydration (8% to 10%) received electrolyte replacement therapy orally or intravenously, according to estimated fluid loss, as well as a maintenance volume (oral). Blood and urine samples were collected between 16 and 24 hours after birth and at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days; in diarrheic animals, these materials were collected immediately after the identification of diarrhea and at 2, 12, 24, and 48 hours after treatment initiation. Globular Volume (GV) and Total Plasma Proteins (TPP) were evaluated, in addition to physicochemical urine characteristics. Failures in the transfer of passive immunity may have contributed to the occurrence of diarrhea in 30 calves (75%), which maintained good body condition with no complications. Urine analysis showed a higher pH in non-diarrheic calves (6.7) compared to diarrheic calves (6.2) (p=0.0029), indicating acidification; higher GV, TPP, and urine density were found for diarrheic calves, with reductions 2 hours after hydration and slight variations up to 48 hours, indicating the effectiveness of hydration and acidosis correction.
Equine Rhinosporidiosis: a case report in brazilian midwestern
Authors: Assis Braga Ísis , Borges Duarte Raiany , Souza Prates Letícia , Henrique Ferreira Hugo , Adriana Fernandes da Fonseca Lara , Arantes Ataíde-Júnior Gilmar , Guilherme de Souza Ramos Dirceu , Moreira de Freitas Vantuil
Published: January 2024

This is the first report of equine nasal rhinosporidiosis in Mineiros, Goiás, diagnosed through the histopathological analysis of granulomatous masses removed from a horse’s nostril of a 12-year-old male horse, through a surgical procedure. Microscopy revealed a papillomatous tissue lesion covered by moderately hyperplastic squamous epithelium, rich, loose fibrocollagenous tissues, well vascularized, accompanied by an accentuated inflammatory reaction constituted by a mixture of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasmocytes, and smaller number of neutrophils, and numerous round to oval structures with a unilamellar wall and a central nucleus surrounded by basophilic granular material, which were morphologically compatible with Rhinosporidium spp. sporangia.
Effect of Dexketoprofen on the Disposition Kinetics of Moxifloxacin in Plasma and
Lung in Male and Female Rats
Authors: Erdogan Teslime , Oguz Halis , Corum Orhan
Published: January 2024

Background:

The simultaneous use of NSAIDs and antibiotics is recommended for bacterial dis-eases in human and veterinary medicine. Moxifloxacin (MFX) and dexketoprofen (DEX) can be used simul-taneously in bacterial infections. However, there are no studies on how the simultaneous use of DEX affects the pharmacokinetics of MFX in rats.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of DEX on plasma and lung pharmacokinetics of MFX in male and female rats.

Methods:

A total of 132 rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: MFX (n=66, 33 males/33 females) and MFX+DEX (n=66, 33 females/33 males). MFX at a dose of 20 mg/kg and DEX at a dose of 25 mg/kg were administered intraperitoneally. Plasma and lung concentrations of MFX were determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography-UV and pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated by non-compartmental analysis.

Results:

Simultaneous administration of DEX increased the plasma and lung area under the curve from 0 to 8 h (AUC0-8) and peak concentration (Cmax) of MFX in rats, while it significantly decreased the total body clearance (CL/F). When female and male rats were compared, significant differences were detected in AUC0-8, Cmax, CL/F and volume of distribution. The AUC0-8lung/AUC0-8plasma ratios of MFX were calculated as 1.68 and 1.65 in female rats and 5.15 and 4.90 in male rats after single and combined use, respectively.

Conclusion:

MFX was highly transferred to the lung tissue and this passage was remarkably higher in male rats. However, DEX administration increased the plasma concentration of MFX in both male and female rats but did not change its passage to the lung. However, there is a need for a more detailed investigation of the difference in the pharmacokinetics of MFX in male and female rats.
Analysis of the Expression of PRDX6 in Patients with Hepatocellular
Carcinoma and its Effect on the Phenotype of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Cells
Authors: Mu Runhong , Chang Mingzhu , Feng Chuanbo , Cui Yunhe , Li Tingyu , Liu Chang , Wang Yilin , Guo Xiao
Published: January 2024

Objective:

This research aimed to study the expression of PRDX6 mRNA in hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC) and its effect on the prognosis of HCC. Moreover, the effect of PRDX6
gene knockdown on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 cells mediated by lentivirus
was also examined. This study offers a theoretical and experimental basis for further research
on the mechanism of PRDX6 in liver cancer and new methods for clinical diagnosis and
treatment.

Methods:

RNA sequence data of 369 HCC patients were screened through the TCGA database,
and the expression and clinical characteristics of PRDX6 mRNA were analyzed based on high-
-throughput RNA sequencing data. HepG2 cells were divided into WT, sh-NC and sh-PRDX6
groups. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of the PRDX6
gene and protein, respectively. CCK8 method was used to detect the proliferation activity of Hep-
G2 cells, scratch healing test was used to detect the migration ability, Transwell chamber was
used to detect the invasion ability, and Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of
PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and Notch signaling pathway-related proteins.

Results:

The expression of PRDX6 was significantly correlated with the gender, race, clinical
stage, histological grade, and survival time of HCC patients (P < 0.05). Compared with that in
WT and sh-NC groups, the expression level of PRDX6 protein in HCC patients was significantly
lower (P < 0.01), the proliferation activity of HCC cells was significantly decreased (P < 0.05),
and the migration and invasion ability was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the sh-PRDX6
group. The expression levels of PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR, Notch1, and Hes1 proteins in the sh-
PRDX6 group were significantly lower than those in WT and sh-NC groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The expression of PRDX6 may be closely related to the prognosis of HCC. Lentivirus-
mediated PRDX6 knockdown can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC
cells, which may be related to its regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Notch1 signaling pathways.
PRDX6 is expected to be a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.
Deciphering Neuroprotective Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L.
(syn. Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.) through Preclinical and Clinical Studies
Authors: Oresanya Ibukun O. , Orhan Ilkay E.
Published: January 2024

Rosmarinus officinalis L. (RO, rosemary) is a well-known medicinal, aromatic, and
culinary herb with traditional use in European folk medicine against memory deficits and neurodegenerative
disorders.

:

This review highlights the different neuroprotective activities of RO investigated in both preclinical
and clinical studies, as well as in silico molecular docking of bioactive compounds found in
RO.

:

The neuroprotective effect of RO was searched through databases including PubMed, Web of Science
(WoS), Scopus, and Clinical Trials using the keywords “Rosmarinus officinalis, rosemary,
neuroprotective effect, memory, cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer’s disease.”

:

RO, which is rich in secondary metabolites that have memory-enhancing potential, has displayed
neuroprotection through different molecular mechanisms such as inhibition of cholinesterase, modulation
of dopaminergic and oxytocinergic systems, mediation of oxidative and inflammatory proteins,
involved in neuropathic pain, among others. RO extracts exhibited antidepressant and anxiolytic
activities. Also, the plant has shown efficacy in scopolamine-, lipopolysaccharide-, AlCl3-,
and H2O2-induced amnesia as well as amyloid-beta- and ibotenic acid-induced neurotoxicity and
chronic constriction injury-related oxidative stress memory and cognitive impairments in animal
models. A few clinical studies available supported the neuroprotective effects of RO and its constituents.
However, more clinical studies are needed to confirm results from preclinical studies further
and should include not only placebo-controlled studies but also studies including positive controls
using approved drugs.

:

Many studies underlined that constituents of RO may have the potential for developing drug candidates
against Alzheimer’s disease that possess high bioavailability, low toxicity, and enhanced
penetration to CNS, as revealed from the experimental and molecular docking analysis.
Modeling the Antiviral Activity of Ginkgo biloba Polyphenols against
Variola: In Silico Exploration of Inhibitory Candidates for VarTMPK and
HssTMPK Enzymes
Authors: Sarra Hamdani , Salim Bouchentouf , Hocine Allali
Published: January 2024

Background::

The aim of this study is to use modeling methods to estimate the antiviral
activity of natural molecules extracted from Ginkgo biloba for the treatment of variola which is a
zoonotic disease posing a growing threat to human survival. The recent spread of variola in nonendemic
countries and the possibility of its use as a bioterrorism weapon have made it a global
threat once again. Therefore, the search for new antiviral therapies with reduced side effects is necessary.

Methods::

In this study, we examined the interactions between polyphenolic compounds from Ginkgo
biloba, a plant known for its antiviral activity, and two enzymes involved in variola treatment,
VarTMPK and HssTMPK, using molecular docking.

Results::

The obtained docking scores showed that among the 152 selected polyphenolic compounds;
many ligands had high inhibitory potential according to the energy affinity. By considering
Lipinski’s rules, we found that Liquiritin and Olivil molecules are the best candidates to be developed
into drugs that inhibit VarTMPK because of their high obtained scores compared to reference
ligands, and zero violations of Lipinski’s rules. We also found that ginkgolic acids have good affinities
with HssTMPK and acceptable physicochemical properties to be developed into drugs administered
orally.

Conclusion::

Based on the obtained scores and Lipinski’s rules, Liquiritin, Olivil, and ginkgolic acids
molecules showed interesting results for both studied enzymes, indicating the existence of
promising and moderate activity of these polyphenols for the treatment of variola and for possible
multi-targeting. Liquiritin has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects on various inflammation-
related diseases such as skin injury, hepatic inflammatory injury, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Olivil has been shown to have antioxidant activity. Olivil derivatives have also been studied for
their potential use as anticancer agents. Ginkgolic acids have been shown to have antimicrobial and
antifungal properties. However, ginkgolic acids are also known to cause allergic reactions in some
people. Therefore, future studies should consider these results and explore the potential of these
compounds as antiviral agents. Further experimental studies in-vitro and in-vivo are required to validate
and scale up these findings.
Investigating the Antioxidant Capacity of Newly Synthesized Flavonoids
via DPPH Assay
Authors: Shah Umang , Patel Samir , Patel Mehul , Patel Sandip
Published: January 2024

Background:

Numerous naturally occurring and artificially synthesized flavonoids have
garnered attention for their impressive ability to combat oxidative stress and scavenge free radicals
when evaluated in laboratory settings. The core aim of our investigation revolved around assessing
the antioxidant potential of a diverse range of synthesized flavonoids through in vitro experiments.

Method:

We crafted 29 distinct flavonoids using the aldol condensation mechanism via a chalcone
intermediate to accomplish this. We meticulously characterized these newly formed compounds using
a variety of spectroscopic techniques. We employed the widely recognized DPPH free radical
method for the crucial antioxidant evaluation, a benchmark in such studies.

Result:

The radical scavenging efficacy of our synthesized flavonoids was then meticulously compared
to that of the positive control, ascorbic acid, renowned for its antioxidant prowess, and the IC50
values for each compound were calculated and examined. Surprisingly, our results showed that the
flavonoids we tested had a wide range of antioxidant activity, with IC50 values that ranged from 75.8
± 8.30 to 397 ± 25.10 μg/mL.

Conclusion:

Intriguingly, compounds US5, US13, US16, US17, US18, and US21 outshone even
ascorbic acid in their antioxidant potential, displaying remarkable scavenging abilities against free
radicals. This discovery holds promise for further exploration of these compounds as potential antioxidants
with potential applications in health and wellness.
Exploring Scientific Validation of Millets in Contemporary Healthcare: A
Traditional Food Supplement
Authors: Singh Harjeet , Aalam Zubair , Baheti Sandip R , Chaudhary Anurag , Sharma Alok , Murthy S N
Published: January 2024

Millets, small-seeded grasses, are gaining interest for their nutrition and health benefits.
This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of millets' pharmacological activities,
highlighting their rich bioactive compounds. These compounds, including phenolic compounds,
flavonoids, and dietary fibers, contribute to antioxidant effects, safeguarding against
chronic diseases. Millets also possess anti-inflammatory properties, potentially alleviating
conditions, like arthritis and asthma. They show anti-carcinogenic potential, possibly preventing
various cancers' development through mechanisms, like apoptosis induction and inhibiting
tumor growth. Moreover, millets offer hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects, beneficial for
managing conditions, such as dyslipidemia and diabetes. Their high dietary fiber and resistant
starch content regulate blood lipids and glucose, reducing the cardiovascular risk. Additionally,
millets act as antimicrobials, inhibiting pathogens and serving as natural alternatives to synthetic
antimicrobials. They exhibit immunomodulatory effects, enhancing immune function
and response. Overall, millets' pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory,
anti-carcinogenic, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory
traits, position them as functional foods with varied health benefits. Further research
can integrate millets into preventive and therapeutic approaches for diverse diseases.
Analisis Pengelolaan Dana Partai Terhadap Masa Depan Partai Politik: Sebuah Kajian Penguatan Party-ID Terhadap Partai Politik Baru 2019
Authors: Rakhman Moh. Arief , Muhammad Hatta Abdi
Published: January 2024

This article tries to look at the opportunities that new political parties in Indonesia have to provide political education related to the issue of political finance transparency as social capital in increasing participation to electoral support in society. The Law on Public Information Openness (UU KIP) and the Law on Political Parties have obliged political parties to manage their finances with the principles of transparency and accountability, but most have not yet revealed the reporting of political party financial reports that are publicly published. Focusing on the emergence of 4 (four) new political parties that participated in the 2019 election contestation, gave rise to opportunities to be able to attract voter sympathy in order to gain electoral potential by demonstrating internal financial management, bringing transparency through clear financial reports. With a descriptive qualitative approach it was found that the relationship between the identity of political parties and the management of political party funds towards 4 (four) new political parties was still weak. This phenomenon is a result of still being "blurred" and covered by issues of transparency and accountability of funding by new political parties.
Studi Pemanfaatan Data Satelit CHIRPS untuk Analisa Kekeringan Meteorologi dengan Metode Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) di Sub DAS Kadalpang
Authors: Tazkia Ainayyah Ananda , Donny Harisuseno  , Sri Wahyuni
Published: January 2024

Kabupaten Pasuruan telah diidentifikasi sebagai daerah yang termasuk dalam kategori kering kritis berdasarkan pemetaan yang dilakukan oleh BPBD Jawa Timur pada tahun 2022. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kekeringan meteorologi menggunakan metode Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) di Sub DAS Kadalpang Kabupaten Pasuruan dengan memanfaatkan data hujan satelit CHIRPS untuk menghasilkan peta sebaran kekeringan sebagai langkah antisipasi dalam menghadapi bencana kekeringan. Pada tahap kalibrasi data hujan satelit CHIRPS, didapatkan nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0.853 pada Stasiun Wilo dan 0.880 pada Stasiun Prigen. Berdasarkan analisis kekeringan meteorologi menggunakan metode SPI, ditemukan bahwa kekeringan paling parah terjadi selama periode defisit 3 bulanan pada tahun 2019, dengan nilai indeks sebesar -4.590 yang termasuk dalam klasifikasi "Amat Sangat Kering". Peta sebaran kekeringan di Sub DAS Kadalpang yang diperoleh melalui penggunaan metode interpolasi IDW pada tahun 2007, sebagai tahun dengan kejadian kering terbanyak, menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 23 desa yang mengalami kekeringan.
Methods and algorithms of intellectual support in making managerial decisions in the implementation of security alarm tasks at objects of special importance
Authors: Tolstykh O. V. , Isaev O. V.
Published: January 2024

Objective. Currently, there is a problem of developing low-cost and functional SOTC controllers with support for algorithms for controlling the totality of elements of life support systems and subsystems of HMB OOV, for example, access control and management systems (ACS), as well as the possibility of integrating the proposed SOTC solutions into existing HMB facilities. This article proposes circuit engineering and software approaches to the organization of promising STS implemented on the basis of programmable microcontrollers. Method. To achieve this goal, a systematic approach has been applied, and obtaining a quantitative assessment of the probabilistic characteristics of detecting an intruder is based on the use of mathematical modeling methods. Result. A completed circuit design for a special-purpose COTS controller has been developed, capable of solving highly specialized tasks in OOV, and also characterized by an obvious balance of functional characteristics and cost indicators. Conclusion. The developed SOTS based on universal microcontrollers makes it possible to ensure ease of implementation of security complexes and, if necessary, change the composition of the modules used to transform the intended purpose of the OTS device while maintaining the parametric indicators of the quality of the information system, helps to optimize control and automation processes at OOV in conditions of minimizing costs.
Stability of a compressed-tensioned rod of variable cross-section with combined loading
Authors: Kulterbaev H. P. , Payzulaev M. M.
Published: January 2024

Objective. The purpose of the study is to determine the stability of a straight rod of variable cross-section under combined axial loading. Method. The longitudinal bending of the rod is described by the classical theory using Bernoulli’s hypothesis, and the critical forces are determined from the Euler problem with appropriate assumptions. Result. An algorithm for a numerical method for solving the problem of determining the eigenvalues of the differential equation for longitudinal bending of a rod is proposed. External loads are considered “dead”. The functions of changing the variable cross-sectional area, variable stiffness and distributed load are considered given. The curved axis of the rod after bifurcation is described using a linear ordinary differential equation. Conclusion. The implementation of the numerical method was carried out by the finite difference method using numerical methods and modern computer software.
Prospects for the use of a membrane refrigeration unit for the production of cold as an alternative to absorption
Authors: Shamarov M. V. , Stepanova E. G. , Kolinko A. V. , Shamarov A. M.
Published: January 2024

Objective. The purpose of the study is to determine the prospects for using a membrane refrigeration unit for the production of cold as an alternative to absorption. Method. The study was carried out using a numerical experiment and verification of the results obtained on an experimental bench. Result. An analysis was made of the use of a traditional absorption refrigeration machine and a membrane refrigeration machine from the point of view of energy efficiency and the number of working elements. Presented for comparison are methods for calculating the separation process of the “absorbent-refrigerant” mixture based on reverse osmosis processes and a water-ammonia absorption refrigeration unit. Conclusion. The use of separation processes in membrane apparatuses for the production of cold in mixed refrigeration machines, as an alternative to absorption refrigeration machines, will ensure a more stable process for obtaining refrigerant from the mixture, reduce material costs for the production of a refrigeration unit and increase the energy efficiency of a refrigeration unit operating on mixed components.
Optimization method of investment package based on Markowitz portfolio theory
Authors: Baydalin A. D.
Published: January 2024

Objective. The aim of the study is to implement and evaluate the optimization method based on the Markowitz portfolio theory. Method. The model is built using the Python programming language and the necessary libraries. Also, to solve the problem, the principles of financial theory were used - the calculation of the risk of the purchased asset, portfolio diversification and the principle of optimality. These principles form the basis of financial theory and help you make informed decisions related to investment, financing, and risk management. Result. A model of the program has been compiled, which accepts historical data on changes in the value of shares of different companies as input. After that, the optimal portfolio is calculated and displayed in the terminal of the user-investor. Markowitz portfolio theory helps to determine the optimal portfolio that provides the maximum return for a given level of risk or the minimum risk for a given return. The optimal portfolio is tangent to the risk-free asset curve and is the best choice for the investor, given his preferences. Conclusion. The method of forming an investment portfolio developed by Harry Markowitz, aimed at the optimal choice of assets, proceeds from the required ratio of profitability/risk. The ideas formulated by him form the basis of modern portfolio theory. Portfolio theory Markowitz defines an efficient set, which is all possible portfolios with different combinations of assets that provide the same level of risk. Investors can choose portfolios from this set depending on their personal goals and limitations. The variety of assets in a portfolio helps reduce the overall level of risk and improve the risk-reward ratio.
Investigation of the Effectiveness of Programs Optimization Methods for Parallel Computing Systems with GPU
Authors: Bezruchenko A. Yu. , Egunov V. A.
Published: January 2024

Objective. The paper defines the relevance of the task of increasing the efficiency of software, which in this case is understood as reducing the operating time of the designed software in the process of solving computationally complex problems. Method. As an example of such a task, the implementation of the singular value decomposition by the Jacobi method is used. This task finds its application in various fields from signal and image processing to artificial intelligence systems. Parallel computing systems equipped with GPU are chosen as the target computing architecture. The paper discusses methods for improving the efficiency of software for target computing architectures using CUDA. Result. The existing analytical models for evaluating the effectiveness of computer programs are described. The influence of various optimizations, such as optimization of data transfers, use of the unified memory system, the number of threads, memory access patterns, and a number of others on the efficiency of the resulting software is considered. The process of optimizing the SVD implementation program is described, the results of computational experiments are presented. Conclusion. As the number of threads increases, performance may increase more than the number of threads. Impact of memory access pattern: When the memory access sequence is optimal, performance improves noticeably. Adjusting the share of memory used for L1 cache and shared memory does not have a significant impact on performance
Richthofen en Hettema. Een ongemakkelijke visite in 1834
Authors: Popkema A.T.
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung. Im Sommer und Herbst 1834 begab sich Karl Freiherr von Richthofen als 23-Jähriger auf eine Forschungsreise durch Nordwest-deutschland sowie in die Niederlande, auf der Suche nach mittelalterlichen friesischen Rechtshandschriften, die größtenteils 1840 in seiner monumentalen Ausgabe Friesische Rechtsquellen herausgegeben wurden. Überall fand er angeblich freundliche Unterstützung, dennoch hatte er in Leeuwarden ein anscheinend eher unfreundliches Treffen mit seinem Fachkollegen Montanus Hettema. Zwar hatte Hettema guten Zugang zur ausgezeichneten Sammlungvon (zehn) Rechtshandschriften der Wierdsma-Familie, dennoch scheint Richthofen sie letztendlich nur sehr sparsam verwendet und verarbeitet zu haben. Was ist passiert? Leider gibt es keine zeitgenössischen Archivalien zu diesem Besuch, so dass die Sache lediglich aus den Publikationen der beiden Gelehrten abgeleitet werden muss. Glücklicherweise geben sie ausreichend Auskunft, um eine Rekonstruktion versuchen zu können.
Study of Photodegradation of Thiazion Dye Methylene Blue under Exposure to a Laser for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Rasseko D. S. , Pugachevskii M. A. , Zhakin A. I.
Published: January 2024

Purpose. To study the process of photodegradation of methylene blue under the influence of laser radiation with a wavelength of 660 nm, used for photodynamic therapy installations, for the formation of reactive oxygen species, in particular short-lived hydroxyl radicals, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.

Methods. The residual concentration of methylene blue during photodegradation was determined using an HR2000 spectrometer. The formation of hydroxyl groups was detected using an EPR spectrometer SPINSCAN X.

Results. Analysis of data on the photodegradation of methylene blue shows that under the influence of laser radiation with a wavelength of 660 nm, the structure of methylene blue is destroyed, manifested in the gradual discoloration of the dye solution. When trypaflavin is added to the solution, the rate of photodegradation of methylene blue slows down significantly. Analysis of ESR spectroscopy data shows that when methylene blue is exposed to a red laser, (OH’) radicals begin to intensively form in the solution. Their content increases significantly with increasing irradiation power.

Conclusion. Irradiation of an aqueous solution of the thiazion dye methylene blue by a laser source with a power of 0.3÷1 W and a wavelength of 660 nm leads to its active photodegradation. The addition of trypaflavin leads to a slowdown in the process of photodegradation of methylene blue when irradiated with red light due to the consumption of part of the generated oxygen-containing radicals for the degradation of trypaflavin. According to EPR spectroscopy data using DMPO spin traps, it has been proven that when methylene blue is irradiated with a red laser, active formation of hydroxyl OH' radicals occurs. It was found that with increasing laser radiation intensity, the amount of generated hydroxyl radicals (OH') increases significantly. The presented results may contribute to the development of effective photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of tumor tumors.
Observation of Long-Lived Plasma Formations in a Toroidal air Vortex under Normal Conditions
Authors: Ivanov A. S.
Published: January 2024

Purpose. Experimentally investigate the difference between the characteristic lifetime of plasma formations in a stationary and rotating toroidal air volume under normal ambient conditions.

Methods. Experimental study of plasmoids was carried out by videotaping with a high-speed camera with subsequent frame-by-frame processing of the recording. Generation of plasmoids was performed by mechanical rupture of the plasma cord of the welding arc in the field of permanent magnets. The creation of toroidal rotation of the plasma formation in air occurs when it passes through a hole in a solid screen. Numerical estimation of mechanical forces acting on ions in the air vortex is performed by order of magnitude using experimental data.

Results. Two different in design laboratory installations for observation of plasma formations in air under normal external conditions have been created. The lifetime of such "long-lived" plasmoids in air is equal to about two milliseconds, which significantly exceeds the lifetime of a plasma-forming welding arc in the free state under the same conditions. The increase in plasmoid lifetime is considered and explained within the framework of mechanical ideas about spatial separation of heavy and light ions inside the plasma under the action of inertia forces as a result of rotational motion of air. The proposed mechanical model of the phenomenon is obviously simplified and does not take into account diffusion, recombination and other related phenomena, since the main and only difference between the observed "longlived" and "ordinary" plasmoids lies in the nature of the mechanical motion of the medium.

Conclusion: Two experimental setups allowing to generate and observe the behavior of plasma formations with a characteristic lifetime of the order of two milliseconds are created and described. The results of observations indirectly confirm a simple mechanical hypothesis about the connection between the lifetime of a free plasma formation and the rotational motion of the gas inside it.
Model of a Magnetoactive Elastomer with Structure Parameter
Authors: Stolbov O. V. , Raikher Yu. L.
Published: January 2024

Purpose. To propose a simple and physically reasonable way to describe basic properties of magnetoactive elastomers under the action of magnetic field and/or mechanical loading.

Methods. A phenomenological approach is developed, in the framework of which the aggregation of ferroparticles in a magnetoactive elastomer is interpreted as the appearance of an order parameter whose physical meaning resembles, although does not coincide entirely with, the number of the particles dwelling in aggregates normalized by the total number of the particles. The corresponding functional contribution to the free energy of the system is constructed in the form similar to that of the Landau-de Gennes expansion, as it is used in the theory of phase transitions. Depending on the presence of the cubic term in this expansion, the transition may develop along the scenarios of either I or II order.

Results. In a model 1D calculation it is shown that the dependences of the main characteristics of the composite, viz. magnetization and deformation, on the applied field and mechanical load, might be in a unified manner described as being entailed by the evolution of the above-introduced order parameter. A specific feature manifested by the model system is its ability to display quasi-plastic response that exists as long as the external field is on, and to get back to elastic behavior as soon as the field is switched off.

Conclusions. The results obtained are found to be in good agreement with the data obtained from the direct numerical modelling of the mesoscopic variant of the considered problem. In qualitative aspect, the discovered specific features of the rheological bahavior closely resemble the results of experimental studies om mechanical loading of magnetoactive composites consisting of a silicone rubber filled with micron-size particles of carbonyl iron.
Viscosity Anomalies of Magnetic Fluid Stabilized by a Double Layer of Surfactant in Water
Authors: Lebedev A. V.
Published: January 2024

Purpose to study the temperature dependence of the viscosity of a water-based magnetic fluid.

Method. Consists of measuring the dynamic viscosity of a magnetic fluid based on cobalt ferrite particles stabilized in water by a double layer of surfactant. Lauric acid (first layer) and a mixture of lauric acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate (second layer) were used as a stabilizer. Measurements were performed using a Brookfield DV-II+Pro rotational viscometer equipped with a coaxial cylinder system. The measuring system of the viscometer was thermostated using a KRIO-VT-12-1 thermostat.

Results. The temperature dependences of dynamic viscosity were measured for three samples of magnetic fluid based on cobalt ferrite particles of various concentrations in the temperature range 0–90C°. The obtained temperature dependences of viscosity are radically different from the temperature dependences both predicted by known theories and experimentally observed for kerosene-based magnetic fluids. According to well-known theoretical models, the ratio of the viscosity of the magnetic fluid to the viscosity of the base medium is a certain universal function of particle concentration. Different models offer different types of this feature. But it clearly follows from them that the viscosity ratio should not depend on temperature. For magnetic fluids based on kerosene, it has been experimentally established that its relative viscosity decreases with increasing temperature. However, according to the results obtained, the relative viscosity of a water-based magnetic fluid does not decrease with increasing temperature, but increases significantly. That is, the viscosity of a water-based magnetic fluid decreases more slowly with increasing temperature than the viscosity of water.

Conclusion. The observed dependencies completely contradict the known patterns, both theoretical and experimentally established for kerosene-based magnetic fluids. The results obtained may be useful for the further development of the theory of aqueous colloidal solutions with particle stabilization by a double layer of surfactants.
Barriers and Implications of 5G Technology Adoption for Hospitals in Western China: Integrated Interpretive Structural Modeling and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Analysis
Authors: Zhou Linyun , Jiang Minghuan , Duan Ran , Zuo Feng , Li Zongfang , Xu Songhua
Published: January 2024

Background

5G technology is gaining traction in Chinese hospitals for its potential to enhance patient care and internal management. However, various barriers hinder its implementation in clinical settings, and studies on their relevance and importance are scarce.

Objective

This study aimed to identify critical barriers hampering the effective implementation of 5G in hospitals in Western China, to identify interaction relationships and priorities of the above-identified barriers, and to assess the intensity of the relationships and cause-and-effect relations between the adoption barriers.

Methods

This paper uses the Delphi expert consultation method to determine key barriers to 5G adoption in Western China hospitals, the interpretive structural modeling to uncover interaction relationships and priorities, and the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method to reveal cause-and-effect relationships and their intensity levels.

Results

In total, 14 barriers were determined by literature review and the Delphi method. Among these, “lack of policies on ethics, rights, and responsibilities in core health care scenarios” emerged as the fundamental influencing factor in the entire system, as it was the only factor at the bottom level of the interpretive structural model. Overall, 8 barriers were classified as the “cause group,” and 6 as the “effect group” by the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method. “High expense” and “organizational barriers within hospitals” were determined as the most significant driving barrier (the highest R–C value of 1.361) and the most critical barrier (the highest R+C value of 4.317), respectively.

Conclusions

Promoting the integration of 5G in hospitals in Western China faces multiple complex and interrelated barriers. The study provides valuable quantitative evidence and a comprehensive approach for regulatory authorities, hospitals, and telecom operators, helping them develop strategic pathways for promoting widespread 5G adoption in health care. It is suggested that the stakeholders cooperate to explore and solve the problems in the 5G medical care era, aiming to achieve the coverage of 5G medical care across the country. To our best knowledge, this study is the first academic exploration systematically analyzing factors resisting 5G integration in Chinese hospitals, and it may give subsequent researchers a solid foundation for further studying the application and development of 5G in health care.
Assessing ChatGPT’s Mastery of Bloom’s Taxonomy Using Psychosomatic Medicine Exam Questions: Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Herrmann-Werner Anne , Festl-Wietek Teresa , Holderried Friederike , Herschbach Lea , Griewatz Jan , Masters Ken , Zipfel Stephan , Mahling Moritz
Published: January 2024

Background

Large language models such as GPT-4 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4) are being increasingly used in medicine and medical education. However, these models are prone to “hallucinations” (ie, outputs that seem convincing while being factually incorrect). It is currently unknown how these errors by large language models relate to the different cognitive levels defined in Bloom’s taxonomy.

Objective

This study aims to explore how GPT-4 performs in terms of Bloom’s taxonomy using psychosomatic medicine exam questions.

Methods

We used a large data set of psychosomatic medicine multiple-choice questions (N=307) with real-world results derived from medical school exams. GPT-4 answered the multiple-choice questions using 2 distinct prompt versions: detailed and short. The answers were analyzed using a quantitative approach and a qualitative approach. Focusing on incorrectly answered questions, we categorized reasoning errors according to the hierarchical framework of Bloom’s taxonomy.

Results

GPT-4’s performance in answering exam questions yielded a high success rate: 93% (284/307) for the detailed prompt and 91% (278/307) for the short prompt. Questions answered correctly by GPT-4 had a statistically significant higher difficulty than questions answered incorrectly (P=.002 for the detailed prompt and P<.001 for the short prompt). Independent of the prompt, GPT-4’s lowest exam performance was 78.9% (15/19), thereby always surpassing the “pass” threshold. Our qualitative analysis of incorrect answers, based on Bloom’s taxonomy, showed that errors were primarily in the “remember” (29/68) and “understand” (23/68) cognitive levels; specific issues arose in recalling details, understanding conceptual relationships, and adhering to standardized guidelines.

Conclusions

GPT-4 demonstrated a remarkable success rate when confronted with psychosomatic medicine multiple-choice exam questions, aligning with previous findings. When evaluated through Bloom’s taxonomy, our data revealed that GPT-4 occasionally ignored specific facts (remember), provided illogical reasoning (understand), or failed to apply concepts to a new situation (apply). These errors, which were confidently presented, could be attributed to inherent model biases and the tendency to generate outputs that maximize likelihood.
Evaluation and Measurement Properties of a Patient-Reported Experience Measure for Home Dialysis
Authors: Rivara Matthew B. , Prince David K. , Leuther Kerstin K. , Hussein Wael F. , Mehrotra Rajnish , Edwards Todd , Schiller Brigitte , Patrick Donald L.
Published: January 2024

Background

No previously validated patient-reported experience measures exist for use among patients undergoing home dialysis. We tested the Home Dialysis Care Experience survey, a newly developed 26-item experience measure, among patients from 30 dialysis facilities in the United States.

Methods

Using mail and telephone survey modalities, we approached 1372 patients treated with peritoneal dialysis or home hemodialysis for participation. Using the results from completed surveys, we evaluated item calibration by assessing item floor and ceiling effects. We tested three sets of composite scores and used factor analysis to assess model fit for each. We evaluated associations of composite scores with global ratings and separately with patient and dialysis facility characteristics. Finally, we measured test–retest reliability in patients who completed the survey at two separate time points.

Results

Overall, 495 eligible patients completed at least one survey (response rate 36%). Of these, 49 completed the survey in Spanish and 61 completed a second survey within 30 days. We did not detect significant floor or ceiling effects, except for one item that demonstrated >90% responses at the top response option. Analyses supported one 12-item composite scale with high internal consistency reliability: Quality of Home Dialysis Care and Operations (Cronbach alpha=0.85). This scale strongly correlated with overall staff rating (r=0.73) and overall center rating (r=0.70). Patient demographic and dialysis facility characteristics were not consistently associated with composite scale scores or overall staff or center ratings. Intraclass correlation coefficients in the test–retest population were 0.74 for the Quality scale, 0.88 for overall staff rating, and 0.90 for overall center rating.

Conclusions

The Home Dialysis Care Experience survey is a 26-item measure that includes one composite scale and two global rating scores and is an informative tool to evaluate patient experience of care for home dialysis.
FROM NEEDS ANALYSIS TO COURSE DESIGN: TEACHING FORMATS OF ACADEMIC PRESENTATIONS BY USING WEB-BASED TECHNIQUES – SERBIAN AND LIBYIAN EXPERIENCES
Authors: Faraj Basim M. Abubaker , Stojković Nadežda
Published: January 2024

Teaching English for Specific Purposes presupposes two goals: enabling students to function successfully in the future professional surrounding, and preparing them for their possible further academic career. In that sense, an ESP course comprises English for Occupational/Vocational and English for Academic Purposes. For both directions, the authors of this text, both ESP lecturers and syllabus designers, conclude from their own teaching experience that teaching formats of academic presentations is a necessity if students are to perform well both in the professional and academic setting. Furthermore, the authors claim that those formats are crucial in all ESP profiles. Importantly, the authors claim that before starting teaching formats of academic presentations, it is crucial to offer a session of academic receptive skills in order to enhance the students’ comprehension ability and to enrich the academic input and exposure. This paper starts with theoretical elaborations on the rationale of teaching materials and a proposed teaching methodology for written and spoken formats of academic presentations as well as the role of receptive skills in the academic environment. The proof offered is the fact that the authors conduct such lecturing at two distinctly different faculties, namely, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Niš, Serbia, and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Benghazi, Al Marj, Libya. The practical illustration of these is a web-based program designed in the very manner of the segment of the syllabus design proposed here.
An Overview on Revolutionizing Multi Disease Prediction System: Opportunity through Artificial Intelligence
Authors: B Sangeetha Mary , Ulla Dr. Mohammed Mujeer
Published: January 2024

Abstract: A revolutionary change towards proactive and individualised healthcare management has been sparked by the introduction of machine learning technology in the modern healthcare environment. In order to predict numerous diseases at once, this study presents the numerous Disease Prediction System (MDPS), a novel method that uses cutting-edge machine learning techniques to concurrently predict the likelihood of diabetes (both Type 1 and Type 2), Parkinson's disease, and heart diseases and create a thorough health profile for each person, the MDPS incorporates data from a wide variety of sources, such as genetic information, health records, lifestyle factors, and environmental information. diseases. To this end, the system makes use of advanced machine learning models, including ensemble approaches, deep learning, and Bayesian networks. The interface is easy to use, making it easier for both individuals and healthcare professionals to interpret the results. This promotes proactive disease prevention, efficient resource allocation, customised healthcare programmes, and research possibilities to better understand complicated health dynamics.
The Curriculum of Islamic Religious Education in the Whirlwind of Independent Education and Its Implementation on Learning
Authors: Halim Abdul , Jamil Helmun , Miswanto Miswanto , Nur Rochbani Ita Tryas
Published: January 2024

The curriculum is an important tool in the learning process that should provide guidance and direction for educational performance. Islamic religious education as an effort to internalize fundamental, social, and moral values, urgently needs an effective and efficient curriculum. This research is a Library Research with literature studies related to the Islamic religious education curriculum and Independent Learning. The data analysis technique used is content analysis by categorizing data so that it can be formulated based on the problem under study. The collected data is analyzed by analytical descriptive methods. The approach used is a qualitative approach where the data is in the form of narratives or sentences, and this data is processed systematically to produce conclusions. This research is also a type of historical-philosophical research. The results showed that, first, the Islamic Religious Education curriculum in the vortex of independent education became a challenge in itself, where the rapid development of science and technology, changes in education ministry regulations that hinted at independent education, and the demands of the industrial revolution 4.0. Second, the implementation of the Islamic Religious Education curriculum in Independent Learning education must be adjusted to include the values of science and technology, social values, culture, and the demands of the industrial revolution 4.0. especially after the Covid 19 pandemic which has changed the paradigm of Islamic religious education.