bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase I Study of the Novel Investigational NEDD8-Activating Enzyme Inhibitor Pevonedistat (MLN4924) in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma or Lymphoma
Authors: Shah Jatin J. , Jakubowiak Andrzej J. , O'Connor Owen A. , Orlowski Robert Z. , Harvey R. Donald , Smith Mitchell R. , Lebovic Daniel , Diefenbach Catherine , Kelly Kevin , Hua Zhaowei , Berger Allison J. , Mulligan George , Faessel Hélène M. , Tirrell Stephen , Dezube Bruce J. , Lonial Sagar
Published: November 2015

Purpose: Evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetic profile, pharmacodynamic effects, and antitumor activity of the first-in-class investigational NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor pevonedistat (TAK-924/MLN4924) in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma or multiple myeloma.

Experimental Design: Patients with relapsed/refractory myeloma (n = 17) or lymphoma (n = 27) received intravenous pevonedistat 25 to 147 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, 8, 9 (schedule A; n = 27) or 100 to 261 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, 8, 11 (schedule B; n = 17) of 21-day cycles.

Results: Maximum tolerated doses were 110 mg/m2 (schedule A) and 196 mg/m2 (schedule B). Dose-limiting toxicities included febrile neutropenia, transaminase elevations, muscle cramps (schedule A), and thrombocytopenia (schedule B). Common adverse events included fatigue and nausea. Common grade ≥3 events were anemia (19%; schedule A), and neutropenia and pneumonia (12%; schedule B). Clinically significant myelosuppression was uncommon. There were no treatment-related deaths. Pevonedistat pharmacokinetics exhibited a biphasic disposition phase and approximate dose-proportional increases in systemic exposure. Consistent with the short mean elimination half-life of approximately 8.5 hours, little-to-no drug accumulation in plasma was seen after multiple dosing. Pharmacodynamic evidence of NAE inhibition included increased skin levels of CDT-1 and NRF-2 (substrates of NAE-dependent ubiquitin ligases), and increased NRF-2-regulated gene transcript levels in whole blood. Pevonedistat–NEDD8 adduct was detected in bone marrow aspirates, indicating pevonedistat target engagement in the bone marrow compartment. Three lymphoma patients had partial responses; 30 patients achieved stable disease.

Conclusions: Pevonedistat demonstrated anticipated pharmacodynamic effects in the clinical setting, a tolerable safety profile, and some preliminary evidence that may be suggestive of the potential for activity in relapsed/refractory lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res; 22(1); 34–43. ©2015 AACR.
Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Patients Are Associated with Class 1 and 2 Integrons
Authors: Lavakhamseh Hamid , Mohajeri Parviz , Rouhi Samaneh , Shakib Pegah , Ramazanzadeh Rashid , Rasani Afshin , Mansouri Majid
Published: November 2015

Background:Escherichia coli isolates displaying multidrug-resistance (MDR) are a major health care problem that results in mortality and morbidity. Integrons are DNA elements in E.coli that are related to antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to determine class 1 and 2 integrons and MDR in E. coli isolates obtained from patients in two Sanandaj hospitals, located in Iran. Materials and Methods: 120 isolates of E. coli were obtained from clinical specimens (from November 2013 to April 2014), and the susceptibility of E. coli antimicrobial agents was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to the CLSI. PCR were applied for detection of class 1 and 2 integrons in E. coli isolates. SPSS software v16 and the χ2 test were used for statistical analysis in order to calculate the association between antibiotic resistance and the presence of integrons (p < 0.05). Results: In a total of 120 E. coli isolates, 42.5% had MDR. Integrons were found in 50.9% of the MDR isolates, and included 47.05% class 1 and 3.92% class 2 integrons. The strains did not have both classes of integrons simultaneously. An association between resistance to antibiotics and integrons was found. Conclusion: Our results showed that int1 and int2 genes present in E. coli isolates obtained from patients cause MDR in this isolates. Since such bacteria are a reservoir for the transmission of MDR bacteria, appropriate programs are necessary to reduce this problem.
Bovine (Bos taurus) Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Cell Differentiation to Adipogenic and Myogenic Lineages
Authors: Ramírez-Espinosa Jesus J. , González-Dávalos Laura , Shimada Armando , Piña Enrique , Varela-Echavarria Alfredo , Mora Ofelia
Published: November 2015

Purpose: We evaluated the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists on the differentiation and metabolic features of bovine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells induced to adipogenic or myogenic lineages. Methods: Cells isolated from 7-day-old calves were cultured in basal medium (BM). For adipogenic differentiation, cells were cultured for one passage in BM and then transferred to a medium supplemented with either rosiglitazone, telmisartan, sirtinol or conjugated c-9, t-11 linoleic acid; for myogenic differentiation, third-passage cells were added with either bezafibrate, telmisartan or sirtinol. The expression of PPARγ (an adipogenic differentiation marker), myosin heavy chain (MyHC; a myogenic differentiation marker) and genes related to energy metabolism were measured by quantitative real-time PCR in a completely randomized design. Results: For adipogenic differentiation, 20 µM telmisartan showed the highest PPARγ expression (15.58 ± 0.62-fold, p < 0.0001), and differences in the expression of energy metabolism-related genes were found for hexokinase II, phosphofructokinase, adipose triglyceride lipase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase α(ACACα) and fatty acid synthase (p < 0.001), but not for ACACβ (p = 0.4275). For myogenic differentiation, 200 µM bezafibrate showed the highest MyHC expression (73.98 ± 11.79-fold), and differences in the expression of all energy metabolism-related genes were found (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Adipocyte and myocyte differentiation are enhanced with telmisartan and bezafibrate, respectively, and energy uptake, storage and mobilization are improved with both.
Effects of Fluoride on the Expression of Beclin1 and mTOR in Ameloblasts
Authors: Lei Shuang , Zhang Ying , Zhang Kaiqiang , Li Jian , Liu Lu
Published: November 2015

Exposure to high levels of fluoride (F-) can result in dental fluorosis in different individuals, but the mechanism of dental fluorosis remains unclear. Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular digestion process that degrades damaged organelles and protein aggregates. This study examined the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the expression of Beclin1 and mTOR to elucidate the development mechanisms of dental fluorosis. HAT-7 cells were incubated with various concentrations of NaF, and autophagic vacuoles were studied by transmission electron microscopy. At both mRNA and protein level, expression of Beclin1, which is required for autophagosome formation and decreases the expression of mTOR, an autophagy-related complex, was increased at 1.2 mmol/l NaF compared to baseline (0 mmol/l NaF). Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis was performed on paraffin-embedded rat incisor sections to identify the expression of Beclin1 and mTOR proteins in vitro. Highly significant differences were detected compared to controls. In summary, our results demonstrate unequivocally that excessive amounts of fluoride cause autophagy of HAT-7 cells, indicating that autophagy is involved in dental fluorosis.
Contribuição dos Recursos Estratégicos nos Processos de Criação da Inovação em uma Rede de Cooperação Hoteleira
Authors: Zonatto Vinícius Costa da Silva , Schuh Clari , Zonatto Patrinês Aparecida França
Published: November 2015

A visão baseada em recursos é uma das principais vertentes teóricas relacionadas à estratégia organizacional, que busca explicar o desenvolvimento de recursos mais valiosos e a geração de vantagens competitivas nas empresas. No entanto, esta temática tem sido pouco investigada em redes de cooperação. Neste contexto, o estudo objetiva analisar a contribuição dos recursos estratégicos nos processos de criação da inovação em uma rede de cooperação hoteleira. Estudo de múltiplos casos, de natureza descritiva, foi realizado em uma rede de cooperação empresarial do setor hoteleiro. A partir da realização de entrevistas em profundidade com três proprietários de empresas associadas à rede pesquisada e utilizando-se da técnica de análise de conteúdo, procurou-se identificar os recursos estratégicos desenvolvidos pela rede estudada e suas contribuições nos processos de criação da inovação. Os resultados encontrados mostram que a rede pesquisada desenvolveu recursos estratégicos relacionados à gestão do conhecimento, tecnologia da informação e comunicação, marketing integrado, compartilhamento de investimentos, redução de custos e riscos e inovação colaborativa. Os recursos estratégicos identificados na pesquisa contribuíram positivamente para o desenvolvimento dos processos de criação da inovação na rede pesquisada, fortalecendo as organizações participantes da rede, a partir do acesso a recursos escassos ou inexistentes antes do seu ingresso na rede e do desenvolvimento de uma cultura colaborativa nas empresas. Conclui-se que o desenvolvimento de recursos estratégicos pode contribuir nos processos de criação da inovação em redes de cooperação hoteleiras, estabelecendo vantagem competitiva sustentável e agregando valor às organizações participantes da rede.Palavras-chave: Recursos estratégicos, inovação, redes de cooperação hoteleiras.
Hospitalidade Sob a Vertente Rural: uma reflexão acerca de sua reconstituição simbólica
Authors: Carvalho Alissandra Nazareth de
Published: November 2015

O presente artigo visa discutir a atividade turística rural e suas implicações à essência da hospitalidade. Busca refletir acerca de uma compreensão preliminar do turismo no meio rural, visto que esse assunto demanda uma abordagem um pouco mais profunda em ambientes conceituais mais amplos do que aqueles em que se estudam o turismo rural no Brasil. Algumas das considerações apresentadas neste artigo são fruto da tese de doutorado intitulada “Análise da relação simbólica da hospitalidade: desdobramentos e apropriações em fazendas históricas inseridas em espaços rurais” cujo objetivo principal foi analisar a relação contraditória estabelecida entre a hospitalidade doméstica de outrora e a hospitalidade comercial da contemporaneidade, tendo como objeto de estudo fazendas históricas paulistas, que hoje se comportam como turísticas, tendo sido adaptadas com vistas a um atendimento voltado para a qualidade e o serviço. No presente artigo, objetivou-se discutir a reconstituição simbólica da hospitalidade, interpretando-a enquanto produto e refletindo sobre a comercialização do rústico e da ruralidade, da simplicidade e do “caipira”, que vem a ser trabalhada de uma forma requintada, luxuosa e comercializável, segundo critérios de qualidade e serviço, em atendimento às regras da hospitalidade. Para um melhor entendimento temático, discutiu-se a respeito do ambiente doméstico familiar e suas características, buscando compreender quais características são representativas para o desenvolvimento futuro de uma atividade turística e suas respectivas motivações.
Der Begriff σημεῖον im Johannesevangelium
Authors: Förster Hans
Published: November 2015

The Greek term σημεῖον is a central term in the Gospel of John where it is used in a characteristic way. It seems that the use of this term in documentary texts might shed light upon its meaning. The sense in the documentary texts comprises “distinguishing mark” to be used in the personal description of an individual. In this sense it can also be used for the circumcision of a non-Jewish person. Thus, the everyday use of the term first and foremost is “mark” and not “sign.” The conclusion of this observation is that the meaning of the term σημεῖον might be misconceived also in the Gospel of John in case that it is translated as “sign.” Part of the central hypothesis is that the semantic content of σημεῖον is also close to the semantics of the Hebrew term אוֹת.
Les Idrissides à la lumière de fulūs frappes à Volubilis et Tahert
Authors: Benchekroun Chafik T. , Liétard Ludovic
Published: November 2015

L’existence de fulūs frappés à Volubilis et Tahert par Rāšid b. Qādim avait d’abord poussé des historiens coloniaux à identifier le personnage avec un gouverneur abbasside, avant que des archéologues marocains ne préfèrent l’identification avec un prince local. La présente étude vise à démontrer que Rāšid b. Qādim ne peut être que le « régent » d’Idrīs ii appelé simplement Rāšid par les sources médiévales. Car les fulūs au nom de Rāšid b. Qādim frappés à Volubilis et à Tahert sont analogues (type et légendes) aux fulūs frappés à Volubilis au nom d’Idrīs ii (175/791-213/828) et à Tahert et Tlemcen par le Rustumide ʿAbd al-Wahhāb b. Rustum (r. 167/784-199/824). Ce type de fulūs est clairement différent de tous les types de monnayage du Maghreb de l’époque et il n’est représenté que par ces ateliers idrissides et rustumides.
Les trois premières sections perdues ou manquantes de Badāʾiʿ al-zuhūr fī waqāʾiʿ al-duhūr d’Ibn Iyās
Authors: Al Amer Ahmad
Published: November 2015

L’existence ou non des trois premières sections de Badāʾiʿ al-zuhūr fī waqāʾiʿ al-duhūr est un sujet qui a fait couler beaucoup d’encre. Devant l’absence de ces sections, certains historiens et spécialistes affirment qu’elles ont existé, d’autres, au contraire, nient cette hypothèse. Dans cet article, nous essayerons de montrer, à partir des éléments récoltés dans les sections existantes des Badāʾiʿ, qu’Ibn Iyās a effectivement écrit les trois premières sections de la chronique. Ibn Iyās, lui-même, déclare à plusieurs reprises dans sa chronique avoir traité de thèmes relatifs à l’histoire préislamique ailleurs que dans les Badāʾiʿ, donc dans des parties dont nous ne disposons pas actuellement. Nous allons donc comparer dans cet article un opuscule que nous avons trouvé en Égypte, avec les sections existantes des Badāʾiʿ al-zuhūr pour tenter de montrer qu’il pourrait bien s’agir d’une des premières sections perdues de la chronique et, plus particulièrement, de la première.
The View from Beyond
Authors: Civantos Christina
Published: November 2015

Ilyās Khūrī’s 1994 novel Majmaʿ al-asrār builds a fictional world around a letter “sent” by the Nasar family that has settled in Colombia in Gabriel García Márquez’s Crónica de una muerte anunciada (Chronicle of a Death Foretold), to cousins who remained in Lebanon. The tale that Khūrī spins around this phantom letter refracts the émigré experience through the perspective of one who stayed, using intertextuality and metanarrative to treat issues of migration and estrangement. Within Lebanese narrative fiction, given the country’s high number of émigrés and transnationals, there is a concentration of texts written by authors who have not (yet) emigrated but that portray an émigré community and/or the community left behind that lives with the absence of its émigrés. Such texts can be understood as part of a broader category termed “Migration Literature,” a category defined by the themes of the texts rather than the geographic location or language of expression of the author. As Khūrī’s novel plays with shifts in perspective via intertextuality and a structure that highlights metanarrativity, it provides a shift in perspective on the émigré experience. I argue that through this shift Khūrī destabilizes one of the cornerstones of traditional representations of the mahjar experience, telling the émigré story from the other side and through intertextual relationships. Through García Márquez’s Crónica and Imrūʾ al-Qays’ muʿallaqah, among other texts, Khūrī’s novel deconstructs the concept of pure, stable origins that is central to discourses of immigrant nostalgia.
Differential Treatment: Migration in the Work of Yto Barrada and Bouchra Khalili
Authors: Chubb Emma
Published: November 2015

Much like their literary peers, contemporary artists across the Mediterranean and Arabic-speaking world have turned their attention to migration in recent years. This migratory turn has prompted many artists, art historians, critics, and curators to celebrate the migrant as a new figure for universality or the human while eliding migration writ large with a specific form of migration, that of clandestine movement from the “global South” into Western Europe. In so doing, these celebrations of the migrant evidence what I call “migratory orientalism,” which I define as the dominant frame for representing and analyzing migration in contemporary art today. A theory of migratory orientalism points to the ways in which representations of migrants in contemporary art and its discourse frequently rely on visible markers of racial, linguistic, and geographic difference in ways that recall earlier Orientalist and colonialist representations of the “Other.” To analyze how migratory orientalism manifests both in an artwork’s conception and its reception, the article compares recent photographic and video works by Moroccan-French artists Yto Barrada (b. 1971) and Bouchra Khalili (b. 1975). I argue that rather than taking a similar approach to migration, as critics often suggest, these artists evidence opposed ways of representing migration. Khalili’s video series, The Mapping Journey Project (2008-2011), which focuses exclusively on the migrant’s journey, depicts the African or Middle Eastern migrant as anonymous, ahistorical, and always Europe-bound. In contrast, Yto Barrada’s series of photographs, A Life Full of Holes: The Strait Project (1999-2006), takes migration as a starting point for a broader consideration of migrants’ multiple destinations and its social, economic, and political underpinnings.
New species of Preussia with 8-celled ascospores (Sporormiaceae, Pleosporales, Ascomycota)
Authors: Kruys Åsa
Published: November 2015

The focus of this study is on Preussia sensu lato species with 8-celled ascospores. Two new species, P. alpina and P. octocylindrospora are introduced based on morphological characters and discussed in relation to similar species in the genus. New records are provided from Sporormiella corynespora, S. octomegaspora, P. octomera and P. octonalis. This greatly expands or reduces their geographical distribution ranges, as well as substrate preferences. In addition, a key to the coprophilous species with 8-celled ascospores is provided.
Investigation of mechanical, thermal and surface properties of nanoclay/HDPE nanocomposites produced industrially by melt mixing approach
Authors: Sepet Harun , Tarakcioglu Necmetin , Misra RDK
Published: November 2015

The main aim of this paper is to introduce mechanical, thermal and surface properties of produced industrially HDPE-based nanocomposites. For this purpose, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 wt.% loading of nanoclay-reinforced HDPE nanocomposites made from the HDPE matrix were prepared by the melt mixing method using a compounder system, which consist of industrial banbury mixer, single screw extruder and granule cutting. The effect of nanoclay on mechanical, thermal and surface properties of nanoclay/HDPE nanocomposites was investigated. The tensile and flexural strength of nanoclay/HDPE nanocomposite increased by about 5% and 7%, respectively, with addition of 1.0 wt.% nanoclay. But then it decreased slightly as the nanoclay content increased to 5.0 wt.%. The tensile modulus and tensile elongation were decreased with the addition of 1.0 wt.% nanoclay, but did not increase further as more nanoclay was added. The flexural modulus of HDPE was significantly improved after (from 1.0 wt.% up to 5.0 wt.%) addition of nanoclay. It was found that the scratch resistance of nanoclay/HDPE nanocomposite improved with addition of the nanoclay by SEM examination. Density, melting flow index (MFI), differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), and vicat softening temperature (VICAT) were used to characterize the physical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), the Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the structural characteristics of the nanocomposites. It is concluded that the addition of the nanoclay in HDPE has significantly influenced the mechanical, thermal, and surface properties of the nanocomposites.
Olfactory variation in mouse husbandry and its implications for refinement and standardization: UK survey of non-animal scents
Authors: López-Salesansky Noelia , Mazlan Nur H , Whitfield Lucy E , Wells Dominic J , Burn Charlotte C
Published: November 2015

With their highly sensitive olfactory system, the behaviour and physiology of mice are not only influenced by the scents of conspecifics and other species, but also by many other chemicals in the environment. The constraints of laboratory housing limit a mouse’s capacity to avoid aversive odours that could be present in the environment. Potentially odorous items routinely used for husbandry procedures, such as sanitizing products and gloves, could be perceived by mice as aversive or attractive, and affect their behaviour, physiology and experimental results. A survey was sent to research institutions in the UK to enquire about husbandry practices that could impact on the olfactory environment of the mouse. Responses were obtained from 80 individuals working in 51 institutions. Husbandry practices varied considerably. Seventy percent of respondents reported always wearing gloves for handling mice, with nitrile being the most common glove material (94%) followed by latex (23%) and vinyl (14%). Over six different products were listed for cleaning surfaces, floors, anaesthesia and euthanasia chambers and behavioural apparatus. In all cases Trigene™ (now called Anistel™) was the most common cleaning product used (43, 41, 40 and 49%, respectively). Depending on the attribute considered, between 7 and 19% of respondents thought that cleaning products definitely, or were likely to, have strong effects on standardization, mouse health, physiology or behaviour. Understanding whether and how these odours affect mouse welfare will help to refine mouse husbandry and experimental procedures through practical recommendations, to improve the quality of life of laboratory animals and the experimental data obtained.
Re-making a place-of-memory: The competition between representativeness and place-making knowledge in Gwangju, South Korea
Authors: Shin HaeRan
Published: November 2015

This paper looks at how place-making at a historic site via collective memory provokes and embraces issues of memory and representativeness. It examines how the power of place-making knowledge and the power of collective memory compete and negotiate in the city of Gwangju, South Korea. Through the analysis, primarily, of archives and in-depth interviews, the research investigates the case of conflicts surrounding the construction of the Asian Culture Complex in Gwangju. The construction included the demolition of the Byeolgwan, where ordinary protesters were killed in the 18 May democratic uprising of 1980. During public consultations and the consensus-making process, victims developed an adaptive preference and agreed to changes proposed without realising what exactly would happen. The controversy that emerged after they expressed their belated criticism clarified the collective memory of 18 May. Intellectuals challenged the power of the 5.18 organisations, bearing professional knowledge and appropriate manners in debates. The conflict contributed to the re-arrangement of power relations in the city and to the clarification of issues that had not been openly discussed before. The power of mourning and symbolising tragedy, usually located with the victims of such tragedy, is challenged by the power of place-making for the future.
The Gatekeepers of Contact
Authors: Tasca Melinda
Published: November 2015

As gatekeepers, caregivers play a pivotal role in the facilitation of parental prison contact, and some caregivers may be more likely to take children to visit than others. To advance prior work, I used data collected from structured interviews with prisoners in Arizona to test two hypotheses. Specifically, I expected that children with grandmothers ( n = 684) and children with mothers ( n = 300) would be more likely to visit mothers and fathers in prison relative to other child–caregiver dyads. Logistic regression analyses confirmed these hypotheses in both maternal and paternal models, independent of controls. Child situational factors, prisoner characteristics, stressors, and institutional barriers also predicted visits; although effects differed depending upon which parent was in prison. By providing insight into the maintenance of family ties during confinement, this study informs research and policy with respect to prison contact and reentry.
Should Environmental Concern Pay Off? A Heideggerian Perspective
Authors: Painter-Morland Mollie , ten Bos René
Published: November 2015

Organizations often motivate their environmental efforts by arguing that ‘good ethics is good business’. Though instrumental arguments of this nature put environmental concerns firmly on the corporate agenda, it comes at a price. Such reasoning relies on age-old fact-value distinctions, from which perspective rational subjects must gather the facts on how to treat the environment as a useful object. According to this logic, means-to-an-end relationships are the primary motivation for all action. Drawing on the insights of Martin Heidegger, we show how the preoccupation with gathering facts to justify environmental initiatives on the basis of ‘efficiency’ impoverishes our thinking about what is essential to our existence. Heidegger’s thinking allows us to appreciate how our belonging to a particular ethos orientates us in the world in meaningful ways. We therefore advocate an approach to organizational environmentalism that goes beyond ‘the business case’, without appealing to abstract normative principles. This approach also provides new perspectives on what notions such as ‘ecological citizenship’ may entail.
Management of waste electrical and electronic equipment in Romania: A mini-review
Authors: Ciocoiu Carmen Nadia , Colesca Sofia Elena , Rudăreanu Costin , Popescu Maria-Loredana
Published: November 2015

Around the world there are growing concerns for waste electrical and electronic equipment. This is motivated by the harmful effects of waste electrical and electronic equipment on the environment, but also by the perspectives of materials recovery. Differences between countries regarding waste electrical and electronic equipment management are notable in the European Union. Romania is among the countries that have made significant efforts to comply with European Union regulations, but failed reaching the collection target. The article presents a mini review of the waste electrical and electronic equipment management system in Romania, based on legislation and policy documents, statistical data, research studies and reports published by national and international organisations. The article debates subjects like legislative framework, the electrical and electronic equipment Romanian market, the waste electrical and electronic equipment collection system, waste electrical and electronic equipment processing and waste electrical and electronic equipment behaviour. The recast of the European directive brings new challenges to national authorities and to other stakeholders involved in the waste electrical and electronic equipment management. Considering the fact that Romania has managed a collection rate of roughly 1 kg capita−1 in the last years, the new higher collection targets established by the waste electrical and electronic equipment Directive offer a serious challenge for the management system. Therefore, another aim of the article is to highlight the positive and negative aspects in the Romanian waste electrical and electronic equipment field, in order to identify the flows that should be corrected and the opportunities that could help improve this system to the point of meeting the European standards imposed by the European Directive.
Run(a)way bureaucrats? When a National Civil Aviation Authority meets global and European regimes
Authors: Johannessen Mathias
Published: November 2015

This case study of a national civil aviation authority focuses on how global and European regimes for aviation safety regulation impact the administrative behaviour of national-level agency officials when they apply aviation legislation. The organizational differences between the International Civil Aviation Organization and the European Union are reflected in the behaviour of national officials. Formally, the European Union enforces application of law through binding regulations and inspections, but enforcement is also informal. Although the International Civil Aviation Organization lacks the capacity to follow up in the same way, it also participates in and hosts many relevant activities. Using an organizational perspective, this article ascribes these differences to factors such as capacity, specialization, and demography. At the same time, empirical findings show similarities in contact patterns among important stakeholders when officials apply law. Institutional theory relates similarities in contact patterns to national authorities’ institutional heritage.
Modeling and capacitance effect analysis of the cable traction network of an electrified railway
Authors: Guo Xinxin , Li Qunzhan , Xie Shaofeng , Wang Hui , Yi Dong , Zhou Fulin
Published: November 2015

This paper models and analyzes the cable traction network (CTN) of a novel AC 110 kV-50 Hz cable traction power supply system (TPSS). First, we propose an equivalent model of the CTN that considers the charging current of the cables, in order to research the capacitance effect of the CTN. Then, three cases based on the novel TPSS are used to validate the proposed model, and to investigate the characteristics of the CTN. Simulation results show that the proposed model is effective in calculating both the charging current and the voltage on the cable system. Calculation results from case 2 show that the capacitance effect is mainly caused by the charging current flowing through the system's reactance, which consists of the reactance of the power system and the reactance of the main transformer. The reactance of the system, compensation coefficient and cable length can each influence the charging current and capacitance effect of the cable. Case 3 illustrates that the novel TPSS is very effective in supplying power and can greatly reduce the number of neutral sections; thus, it is suitable for application in future railway designs.
She should have died hereafter? When is death caused in law by breach of duty?
Authors: Feeny Charles , Samuel Ana , Austin Charles
Published: November 2015

The article examines the law surrounding causation in situations when a death could be said to have been accelerated with particular reference to the case of Davies v Countess of Chester Hospital [2014] EWHC 4294 (QB). In doing so, the authors will argue that there are two options available to the courts, one that is an arbitrary time limit and the second which focuses on materiality.
Effect of various W-beam guardrail post spacings and rail heights on safety performance
Authors: Teng Tso-Liang , Liang Cho-Chung , Tran Thanh-Tung
Published: November 2015

W-beam guardrails are the most widely used road safety barriers worldwide. They are used for protecting vehicle occupants on dangerous areas of roadways. All road safety barriers used on European highways are designed according to the European standard EN 1317. Conventionally, such road safety barriers have the following dimensions: a 750-mm height from the top of the W-beam to the ground and a 1.33-, 2-, or 4-m post spacing. This study applied the finite element code LS-DYNA for evaluating the safety performance of an AG04-2.0 A-type barrier, which was designed using three post spacings and various rail heights, when impacted by a 900-kg small passenger car. Eight crash test simulations were conducted for evaluating the crashworthiness of the AG04-2.0 barrier according to the European Standard EN 1317. A baseline model was developed and validated against the existing crash test models. The results showed that the various post spacings (1.33, 2, and 4 m) and rail heights (600, 650, 700, 750 and 800 mm) enabled the AG04-2.0 barrier to withstand the impact of the 900-kg car, satisfying the EN 1317 criteria (i.e. TB11 test). The 2000-mm post spacing and 700-mm rail height were considered the optimal dimensions for AG04-2.0 road safety barriers.
Oral antibiotics increase blood neutrophil maturation and reduce bacteremia and necrotizing enterocolitis in the immediate postnatal period of preterm pigs
Authors: Nguyen Duc Ninh , Fuglsang Eva , Jiang Pingping , Birck Malene M , Pan Xiaoyu , Kamal Shamrulazhar BS , Pors Susanne E , Gammelgaard Pernille L , Nielsen Dennis S , Thymann Thomas , Levy Ofer , Frøkiær Hanne , Sangild Per T
Published: November 2015

Immature immunity may predispose preterm neonates to infections and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Intravenous antibiotics are frequently given to prevent and treat sepsis, while oral antibiotics are seldom used. We hypothesized that oral antibiotics promote maturation of systemic immunity and delay gut bacterial colonization and thereby protect preterm neonates against both NEC and bacteremia in the immediate postnatal period. Preterm pigs were given formula and administered saline (CON) or broad-spectrum antibiotics orally (ORA) or systemically (SYS) for 5 d after birth. Temporal changes in blood parameters and bacterial composition in the intestine, blood and immune organs were analyzed. Newborn preterm pigs had few blood neutrophils and a high frequency of progenitor cells. Neutrophils gradually matured after preterm birth with increasing CD14 and decreasing CD172a expressions. Preterm neutrophil and monocyte TLR2 expression and TLR2-mediated blood cytokine responses were low relative to adults. ORA pigs showed enhanced blood neutrophil maturation with reduced cell size and CD172a expression. Only ORA pigs, but not SYS pigs, were protected from a high density of gut Gram-positive bacteria, high gut permeability, Gram-positive bacteremia and NEC. Neonatal oral antibiotics may benefit mucosal and systemic immunity via delayed gut colonization and enhanced blood neutrophil maturation just after preterm birth.
Wearable Performance Devices in Sports Medicine
Authors: Li Ryan T. , Kling Scott R. , Salata Michael J. , Cupp Sean A. , Sheehan Joseph , Voos James E.
Published: November 2015

Context:

Wearable performance devices and sensors are becoming more readily available to the general population and athletic teams. Advances in technology have allowed individual endurance athletes, sports teams, and physicians to monitor functional movements, workloads, and biometric markers to maximize performance and minimize injury. Movement sensors include pedometers, accelerometers/gyroscopes, and global positioning satellite (GPS) devices. Physiologic sensors include heart rate monitors, sleep monitors, temperature sensors, and integrated sensors. The purpose of this review is to familiarize health care professionals and team physicians with the various available types of wearable sensors, discuss their current utilization, and present future applications in sports medicine.

Evidence Acquisition:

Data were obtained from peer-reviewed literature through a search of the PubMed database. Included studies searched development, outcomes, and validation of wearable performance devices such as GPS, accelerometers, and physiologic monitors in sports.

Study Design:

Clinical review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Results:

Wearable sensors provide a method of monitoring real-time physiologic and movement parameters during training and competitive sports. These parameters can be used to detect position-specific patterns in movement, design more efficient sports-specific training programs for performance optimization, and screen for potential causes of injury. More recent advances in movement sensors have improved accuracy in detecting high-acceleration movements during competitive sports.

Conclusion:

Wearable devices are valuable instruments for the improvement of sports performance. Evidence for use of these devices in professional sports is still limited. Future developments are needed to establish training protocols using data from wearable devices.
Understanding the “Cash-Less” Nature of Government-Sponsored Health Insurance Schemes
Authors: Rent Priyanka , Ghosh Soumitra
Published: November 2015

The public health spending in India has been hovering around 1% of gross domestic product (GDP), and it contributes only 28% of total health expenditure. Hence, out-of-pocket (OOP) payments continue to be the dominant source of health care financing in India. However, for providing protection from the economic effects of health shocks, last few years have seen a plethora of central and state government–sponsored private health insurance schemes for the deprived groups, particularly those working in the unorganized sector. The latest is the Rajiv Gandhi Jeevandayee Arogya Yojana (RGJAY), launched by the Government of Maharashtra in 2012. This study is an attempt to assess the extent to which RGJAY protects the families from making OOP expenditure while availing the tertiary care from the RGJAY accredited facilities. Both primary and secondary data were utilized for this study. Despite being enrolled in RGJAY, more than three fifths (63%) of the beneficiaries still incurred OOP payments for services when admitted in the hospital, and more worryingly, it was found that a significantly higher proportion of persons from Below Poverty Line (BPL) families (88.23%) reported paying for diagnostics, medications, or consumables. Furthermore, our study found that about a third of the beneficiaries experienced financial catastrophe if indirect expenditure is taken into consideration. This also implies that for the poor, ill-health has further deepened the existing poverty.
Cotton Dust Exposure and Resulting Respiratory Disorders Among Home-Based Garment Workers
Authors: Silpasuwan Pimpan , Prayomyong Somchit , Sujitrat Dusit , Suwan-ampai Plernpit
Published: November 2015

Cotton dust exposures and resulting respiratory disorders among Thai home-based garment workers in Bangkok were explored. Structured interviews focused on occupational health assessments of respiratory disorders; workflow process observations, lung function screening tests, and garment dust density assessments were used to gather data. Results revealed that garment workers in this study had worked in home-based tailoring an average of 14.88 years; 88.5% reported average health status, only 2.6% currently smoked cigarettes, and 8.6% had impaired lung function. The prevalence of respiratory disorders in this occupational group was 25%. Significant respiratory tract signs and symptoms were associated with lung function capacity (odds ratio [OR] = 52.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [6.49, 419.60]). Long work hours and few preventive behaviors were significantly associated with respiratory disorders (OR = 2.89 and OR = 10.183, respectively). Improving working conditions at home and minimizing fabric dust exposure among garment workers are recommended.
Falls in Older Adults With Cancer: Evaluation by Oncology Providers
Authors: Guerard Emily J. , Deal Allison M. , Williams Grant R. , Jolly Trevor A. , Nyrop Kirsten A. , Muss Hyman B.
Published: November 2015

The authors found that only 10% of older patients with cancer who self-reported a recent fall had appropriate medical record documentation.
Stability analysis of tractor mounted hydraulic elevator for horticultural orchards
Authors: Kolhe Kishor Purushottamrao
Published: November 2015

Konkan tractor mounted elevator is a semiautomatic harvesting mechanism recommended for harvesting mango and coconut orchards upto 12 m to 14 m tree height by Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth Dapoli, Dist:- Ratnagiri:- 415712. The mechanism is developed with financial support of Coconut Development Board, Ministry of Agriculture Government of India. The stability analysis of KONKAN Tractor Mounted Hydraulic Elevator was carried out to see the stability of elevator at various load condition and angles. The objective of undertaking this study was to increase stability of the proposed machine and avoid the overturning of the elevator bucket at maximum load and at maximum reach position. The results of stability analysis were considered while the design, development and fabrication of refined tractor mounted hydraulic elevator for coconut harvesting. The stability analysis of tractor mounted hydraulic elevator was carried out by using digital weighing bridge with capacity of 60 tonnes having connectivity of data cable attachment with computer for freely interference of data.
Case Report: ‘Z’ osteotomy - a novel technique of treatment in Blount’s disease
Authors: Karuppal Raju , Mohan Rahul , Marthya Anwar , TS Gopakumar , S Sandhya
Published: November 2015

Blount’s disease is a progressive form of genu varum due to asymmetrical inhibition of the postero medial portion of the proximal tibial epiphysis. The surgical treatments involved in correction of Blount’s disease are often technically demanding, complicated procedures.  These procedures can lead to prolonged recovery times and poor patient compliance. In such a context we are suggesting “fibulectomy with Z osteotomy” of the proximal tibia, a relatively simple and highly effective technique. This technique is based on correcting the mechanical axis of the lower limb thereby restoring growth from the medial physis of proximal tibia. We have used a new surgical technique, which includes fibulectomy followed by a Z-shaped osteotomy. We have used this simple technique in a 5 year-old boy with unilateral Blount’s disease. The femoro-tibial angle was corrected from 18.2° of varus to 4.2° of valgus. The angular correction obtained after operation was 22°. There were no postoperative complications. This technique has the advantages of correcting both angular and rotational deformities simultaneously.  The purpose of this case study is to introduce a new surgical technique in the treatment of Blount’s disease.
Ethnic differences in diabetes prevalence and ICT use
Authors: Umeh Kanayo , Mackay Michael , Le-Brun Stephanie Davis
Published: November 2015

Background:

Uptake of information and communication technology (ICT) by individuals with diabetes can assist nursing care delivery, and improve patient outcomes. However, it is unclear how such uptake relates to ethnic differences in diabetes risk.

Aim:

To assess the moderating effects of ICT uptake on South Asian excess diabetes prevalence over a specific elapsed timeframe, accounting for selected environmental, socio-economic, and behavioural risk factors.

Method:

Archived data from a UK Office for National Statistics household survey 2006-2011 (120 621 partly non-orthogonal participant records) were analysed using hierarchical binary logistic regression analyses.

Results:

ICT uptake qualified ethnic differences in diabetes prevalence. Non-smoking diabetes cases living in terraced housing with a home computer were more likely to be South Asian than Caucasian. By contrast, such cases were more likely to be Caucasian if a computer was unavailable (OR: 0.61; CI: 0.43–0.86; P=0.005). Furthermore, diabetes cases from low-income, mobile-dependent homes were probably South Asian (OR: 0.05; CI: 0.00–0.50; P=0.012).

Conclusions:

Home computing was linked to better tobacco control among South Asians with diabetes living in terraced properties. Mobile phone dependence was pronounced in those that received income support. Implications for nursing care are considered.
Reaffirming the need for good communication
Authors: Gracia Michelle
Published: November 2015

Michelle Gracia wasn't looking forward to her placement in a mental health hospital. Yet it turned out to be one of her most fulfilling, not least for what it taught her about communication
Preceptors' views on their role in supporting newly qualified nurses
Authors: Tracey Julie M , McGowan Iain W
Published: November 2015

Background:

Retention, stress and difficult transition are issues associated with new graduates entering the workforce. International literature has suggested there is a problem and preceptorship models have been introduced to assist new registrants. It is recognised that new registrants require support from a preceptor, however, the literature appears to focus attention on the preceptee's views, rather than the preceptor's.

Research Question:

How do preceptors perceive their role in supporting newly qualified nurses/midwives?

Aim:

The aim of this article is to review the literature pertaining to preceptorship and explore the perceptions held by preceptors in relation to their role supporting newly qualified registrants.

Method:

A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using a purposive sample. Interviews were used to capture the data.

Findings and Discussion:

The data analysis identified that overall preceptors do feel prepared for their role, however, they highlighted the benefits of preceptor updates and regular support. Preceptors identified rewards and challenges associated with this role.

Conclusions:

The first 6 months of being a registrant has challenges for both the preceptee and the preceptor. The implementation of preceptorship models that include preparation and support for preceptors is essential to alleviate issues of transition, retention and stress. Preceptors identified areas for improvement such as regular update sessions, formal peer support, and protected time to discuss and complete the documentation.
Wound exudate assessment and management: a challenge for clinicans
Authors: Tickle Joy
Published: November 2015

The production of wound exudate is a natural and normal consequence of healing. However, it is when the constituents, volume and consistency of the exudate alter that problems can occur. This article discusses the different types of exudate, particularly highly viscous exudate, its impact on both the patient and the clinician, and appropriate exudate assessment, effective management and dressing selection.
Static and dynamic root stability evaluations with inclinometer, and the examination of the roots
Authors: BUZA Ágnes Kinga
Published: November 2015

A városias környezetben lévő fák biztonságossága fontos kérdés. Kár keletkezhet többek között a fa tövestül kifordulásakor, aminek az esélye a gyökérzet stabilitásától függ. Ennek vizsgálatára jelenleg egyetlen, kellőképpen megbízható eredményeket adó mérési módszer ismeretes, a dőlésméréses húzóvizsgálat. Munkánk célja a húzóvizsgálat kiváltása más, új mérésekkel, illetve a kiválthatóság vizsgálata volt. Két módszert vizsgáltunk. Az egyikben a dőlésmérőt és a húzó acélkötelet helyettesítettük lézeres elmozdulás-méréssel illetve szélméréssel. A másik módszer a gyökérzet feltérképezése. A lézeres elmozdulás-mérés megfelelőnek bizonyult, helyettesítheti a nagyobb tehetetlenségű dőlésméréses eljárást. A szélben történő mérés szabadon álló fák esetében helyettesítheti a húzóvizsgálatot. A gyökértérképezés sikeres volt, azonban a számított eredmények a húzóvizsgálathoz képest konzisztensen alacsonyabbak lettek, ezért ez a módszer még finomításra szorul. 
Heat insulation capacity of oak, poplar and black locust bark
Authors: MOHÁCSINÉ RONYECZ Ildikó , PÁSZTORY Zoltán
Published: November 2015

Magyarországon évente közel 600 000 m3 kéreg keletkezik az elsődleges fafeldolgozás során. A legtöbb esetben melléktermék szerepbe szoruló kéregapríték hőszigetelő képessége megfelelő előkészítés mellett alig marad el az általánosan használt szálas és habosított szigetelőanyagokétól. Az ismertetett kutatás során a tölgyfa (Quercus robur L.), a fehér akác (Robinia pseudoacacia) és a nyárfa (Populus euramericana cv. Pannónia) aprított kérgének hőszigetelő képességét vizsgáltuk különböző mértékű tömörítés mellett. A hőáramok iránya miatt a próbatest vastagsági méreteihez viszonylag nagy szélességi méreteket választottunk, hogy az oldalirányú hőáramokat a szigeteléssel csökkentsük. A kísérleti eredmények azt igazolták, hogy a tömörítés mértéke befolyásolja a kéreg-levegő keverék hővezetési tényező értékét.

 