bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear erasing of propagating spin-wave pulses in thin-film Ga:YIG
Authors: Breitbach D. , Bechberger M. , Heinz B. , Hamadeh A. , Maskill J. , Levchenko K. O. , Lägel B. , Dubs C. , Wang Q. , Verba R. , Pirro P.
Published: February 2024

Nonlinear phenomena are crucial for magnon-based information processing, but the nonlinear interaction between two spin-wave signals requires their spatiotemporal overlap, which can be challenging for directional processing devices. Our study focuses on a gallium-substituted yttrium iron garnet film, which exhibits an exchange-dominated dispersion relation and, thus, provides a particularly broad range of group velocities compared to pure YIG. Using time- and space-resolved Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy, we demonstrate the excitation of time-separated spin-wave pulses at different frequencies from the same source, where the delayed pulse catches up with the previously excited pulse and outruns it due to its higher group velocity. By varying the excitation power of the faster pulse, the outcome can be finely tuned from a linear superposition to a nonlinear interaction of both pulses, resulting in a full attenuation of the slower pulse. Therefore, our findings demonstrate the all-magnonic erasing process of a propagating magnonic signal, which enables the realization of complex temporal logic operations with potential application, e.g., in inhibitory neuromorphic functionalities.
Size dependence of luminescence decay process in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals
Authors: Suzuki Yura , Yamamoto Sekika
Published: February 2024

Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have superior luminescence properties compared to classical semiconductor NCs and they are considered promising materials for next-generation emitters. In this work, we measured the size and temperature dependence of the luminescence decay curve in CsPbBr3 NCs. To reproduce the experimental results, a simple model including one and two-phonon transitions between the exciton fine structures is introduced. It is found that the temperature dependence of the decay rates in small NCs is better reproduced by the two-phonon model rather than by the one-phonon model. However, the one-phonon process becomes more important for large NCs as the bright-dark splitting decreases.
Explosive synchronization in a turbulent reactive flow system
Authors: Joseph Amal , Pavithran Induja , Sujith R. I.
Published: February 2024

The occurrence of abrupt dynamical transitions in the macroscopic state of a system has received growing attention. We present experimental evidence for abrupt transition via explosive synchronization in a real-world complex system, namely, a turbulent reactive flow system. In contrast to the paradigmatic continuous transition to a synchronized state from an initially desynchronized state, the system exhibits a discontinuous synchronization transition with a hysteresis. We consider the fluctuating heat release rate from the turbulent flames at each spatial location as locally coupled oscillators that are coupled to the global acoustic field in the confined system. We analyze the synchronization between these two subsystems during the transition to a state of oscillatory instability and discover that explosive synchronization occurs at the onset of oscillatory instability. Further, we explore the underlying mechanism of interaction between the subsystems and construct a mathematical model of the same.
Single-photon emission from silicon-vacancy color centers in polycrystalline diamond membranes
Authors: Flatae Assegid Mengistu , Sledz Florian , Kambalathmana Haritha , Lagomarsino Stefano , Wang Hongcai , Gelli Nicla , Sciortino Silvio , Wörner Eckhard , Wild Christoph , Butz Benjamin , Agio Mario
Published: February 2024

Single-color centers in thin polycrystalline diamond membranes allow the platform to be used in integrated quantum photonics, hybrid quantum systems, and other complex functional materials. While single-crystal diamond membranes are still technologically challenging to fabricate as they cannot be grown on a non-diamond substrate, free-standing polycrystalline diamond membranes can be conveniently fabricated at large-scale from nanocrystalline diamond seeds on a substrate that can be selectively etched. However, their practical application for quantum photonics is so far limited by crystallographic defects, impurities, graphitic grain boundaries, small grain sizes, scattering loss, and strain. In this paper, we report on a single-photon source based on silicon-vacancy color centers in a polycrystalline diamond membrane. We discuss the spectroscopic approach and quantify the photon statistics, obtaining a g2(0) ≈ 0.04. Our findings hold promise for introducing polycrystalline diamond to quantum photonics and hybrid quantum systems.
Linear stability analysis of a droplet under an axisymmetric thermal gradient
Authors: Mansilla R. A. , Perazzo C. A. , Gomba J. M.
Published: February 2024

We study the linear stability of a droplet placed at the center of a horizontal disk under the effect of surface stress promoted by an axisymmetric thermal gradient. Since the fluid volume is constant, we solve the non-steady base flow and the perturbation simultaneously as they evolve over time. The numerical results show that the base state migrates from a droplet to a ring shape, with the front position and maximum thickness following power laws with time. The perturbations travel with the same velocity as the advancing front and develop their maxima close to the contact line. All of them initially decrease their amplitudes, later showing an increment with the growth rates depending on the wavenumber and time. The dominant wavenumber increases with time, in agreement with recent experimental work.
Comprehensive study on the penetration behavior of cement slurry under high-frequency pulsating pressure
Authors: Tang Lubo , Chen Xiaobin , Luo Jiarui , Zhang Xinxin , Zhu Zhijing , Xie Xiaorong , Dong Xiaobin , Su Dingli , Wang Mi
Published: February 2024

Steady pressure grouting exhibits the problems of low efficiency and uneven penetration. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel high-frequency pulsating grouting method to improve these problems. Through extensive experimentation and numerical simulations, the impact of pulsating parameters (grouting frequency, pressure amplitude), soil parameters (porosity, particle size), grouting pressure, water–cement ratio, and slurry rheological parameters on slurry penetration is investigated. The results indicate that the stone body grouted by the pulsating pressure is significantly more uniform and has longer penetration distances. During steady pressure grouting, as the grouting pressure or the water–cement ratio increases, the slurry is more prone to flow upward along the interface between the grouting pipe and the soil, which makes the grouted body uneven. When high-frequency pulsating grouting is employed, the slurry tends to flow into the soil, resulting in a more uniform grouted body. In the operating conditions described in this paper, the optimal pulsating frequency is around 3–4 Hz, and the optimal pulse amplitude is approximately 60% of the constant pressure. The results also show that the pulsating grouting method can increase the width by up to 68%. With the increase in porosity and particle size, the percentage of distance increase first increases and then decreases. The percentage of distance increase increases with the increase in viscosity and decreases with the increase in the Bingham rheological parameters (μp and τ0). This implies that the pulsating grouting needs certain resistance conditions to achieve optimal penetration performance. The mechanism of pulsating grouting is also analyzed. Pulsating pressure can clear blocked particles and lead to more uniform penetration of the slurry. This study can provide reference for the development of new grouting methods and equipment.
Homogenization of Inconel 625 based periodic auxetic lattice structures with varying strut thickness
Authors: Mishra Akshansh , Jatti Vijaykumar S. , Sefene Eyob Messele , Makki Emad
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this research is to analyze the mechanical behavior of auxetic re-entrant-based metamaterials with properties similar to Inconel 625 using homogenization techniques. Through a thorough analysis, this study investigates the displacement patterns exhibited in various materials throughout a range of thicknesses. The examination also includes analyzing how the Young’s modulus changes with varying strut thickness after homogenization. This detailed investigation provides information on the stiffness and deformation response of the material. This research advances our knowledge of the complex mechanical properties of re-entrant-based auxetic metamaterials that resemble Inconel 625 by interpreting these displacement and Young’s modulus patterns.
When stroke survivors’ self-ratings are inconsistent with the ratings of others: a cohort study examining biopsychosocial factors associated with impaired self-awareness of functional abilities
Authors: Cameron Kate V. , Ponsford Jennie L. , McKenzie Dean P. , Stolwyk Renerus J.
Published: February 2024

Background Stroke survivors’ self-ratings of functional abilities are often inconsistent with ratings assigned by others (e.g. clinicians), a phenomenon referred to as ‘impaired self-awareness’ (ISA). There is limited knowledge of the biopsychosocial contributors and consequences of post-stroke ISA measured across the rehabilitation journey. This multi-site cohort study explored biopsychosocial correlates of ISA during subacute rehabilitation (inpatient) and at 4 months post-discharge (community-dwelling). Methods Forty-five subacute stroke survivors participated (Age M (s.d.) = 71.5 (15.6), 56% female), and 38 were successfully followed-up. Self-assessments were compared to those of an independent rater (occupational therapist, close other) to calculate ISA at both time points. Survivors and raters completed additional cognitive, psychological and functional measures. Results Multivariate regression (multiple outcomes) identified associations between ISA during inpatient admission and poorer outcomes at follow-up, including poorer functional cognition, participation restriction, caregiver burden, and close other depression and anxiety. Regression models applied cross-sectionally, including one intended for correlated predictors, indicated associations between ISA during inpatient admission and younger age, male sex, poorer functional cognition, poorer rehabilitation engagement and less frequent use of non-productive coping (adjusted R2 = 0.60). ISA at community follow-up was associated with poorer functional cognition and close other anxiety (adjusted R2 = 0.66). Conclusions Associations between ISA and poorer outcomes across the rehabilitation journey highlight the clinical importance of ISA and the value of assessment and management approaches that consider the potential influence of numerous biological and psychosocial factors on ISA. Future studies should use larger sample sizes to confirm these results and determine the causal mechanisms of these relationships.
Recognising the importance of shellfish to First Nations peoples, Indigenous and Traditional Ecological Knowledge in aquaculture and coastal management in Australia
Authors: Gibbs Mitchell C. , Parker Laura M. , Scanes Elliot , Ross Pauline M.
Published: February 2024

Throughout the world, there is a growing recognition of the importance and need for incorporation of Indigenous and Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) of First Nations peoples in shellfish aquaculture and coastal management. In Australia, however, the incorporation of First Nations TEK of shellfish aquaculture and coastal management is in its infancy. This is a concern because the combined perspectives of Indigenous knowledge and Western Science are needed to restore culturally and economically significant shellfish and create successful, respectful and sustainable outcomes. The aims of this perspective piece are first to describe the evidence for the importance of shellfish aquaculture and management to First Nations peoples of Australia and second to highlight the opportunity to incorporate First Nations TEK in shellfish restoration and aquaculture in Australia. Already, models of successful incorporation of TEK of shellfish exist in Aotearoa, which provide an example for incorporation of TEK of shellfish in Australia. First Nations peoples of Australia hold a deep cultural connection with shellfish and Sea Country that has persisted for millennia. If we are to appropriately sustain and restore shellfish and manage our coasts, we must incorporate First Nations TEK and views, and respect and protect their ongoing connections to Sea Country.
Modeling neurodevelopmental disorder-associated humanAGO1mutations inCaenorhabditis elegansArgonautealg-1
Authors: Duan Ye , Li Li , Panzade Ganesh Prabhakar , Piton Amélie , Zinovyeva Anna , Ambros Victor
Published: February 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNA) associate with Argonaute (AGO) proteins and repress gene expression by base pairing to sequences in the 3′ untranslated regions of target genes. De novo coding variants in the human AGO genesAGO1andAGO2cause neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) with intellectual disability, referred to as Argonaute syndromes. Most of the altered amino acids are conserved between the miRNA-associated AGO inHomo sapiensandCaenorhabditis elegans, suggesting that the human mutations could disrupt conserved functions in miRNA biogenesis or activity. We genetically modeled four humanAGO1mutations inC. elegansby introducing identical mutations into theC. elegans AGO1homologous gene, alg-1. Thesealg-1NDD mutations cause phenotypes inC. elegansindicative of disrupted miRNA processing, miRISC (miRNA silencing complex) formation, and/or target repression. We show that thealg-1NDD mutations are antimorphic, causing developmental and molecular phenotypes stronger than those ofalg-1null mutants, likely by sequestrating functional miRISC components into non-functional complexes. Thealg-1NDD mutations cause allele-specific disruptions in mature miRNA profiles, accompanied by perturbation of downstream gene expression, including altered translational efficiency and/or messenger RNA abundance. The perturbed genes include those with human orthologs whose dysfunction is associated with NDD. These cross-clade genetic studies illuminate fundamental AGO functions and provide insights into the conservation of miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms.
The ALOG domain defines a family of plant-specific transcription factors acting during Arabidopsis flower development
Authors: Rieu Philippe , Beretta Veronica Maria , Caselli Francesca , Thévénon Emmanuel , Lucas Jérémy , Rizk Mahmoud , Franchini Emanuela , Caporali Elisabetta , Paleni Chiara , Nanao Max H. , Kater Martin M. , Dumas Renaud , Zubieta Chloe , Parcy François , Gregis Veronica
Published: February 2024

The ALOG (Arabidopsis LIGHT-DEPENDENT SHORT HYPOCOTYLS 1 (LSH1) and Oryza G1) proteins are conserved plant-specific Transcription Factors (TFs). They play critical roles in the development of various plant organs (meristems, inflorescences, floral organs, and nodules) from bryophytes to higher flowering plants. Despite the fact that the first members of this family were originally discovered in Arabidopsis, their role in this model plant has remained poorly characterized. Moreover, how these transcriptional regulators work at the molecular level is unknown. Here, we study the redundant function of the ALOG proteins LSH1,3,4 from Arabidopsis. We uncover their role in the repression of bract development and position them within a gene regulatory network controlling this process and involving the floral regulators LEAFY, BLADE-ON-PETIOLE, and PUCHI. Next, using in vitro genome-wide studies, we identified the conserved DNA motif bound by ALOG proteins from evolutionarily distant species (the liverwort
Marchantia polymorpha
and the flowering plants Arabidopsis, tomato, and rice). Resolution of the crystallographic structure of the ALOG DNA-binding domain in complex with DNA revealed the domain is a four-helix bundle with a disordered NLS and a zinc ribbon insertion between helices 2 and 3. The majority of DNA interactions are mediated by specific contacts made by the third alpha helix and the NLS. Taken together, this work provides the biochemical and structural basis for DNA-binding specificity of an evolutionarily conserved TF family and reveals its role as a key player in Arabidopsis flower development.
A billion years of evolution manifest in nanosecond protein dynamics
Authors: Heckmeier Philipp J. , Ruf Jeannette , Rochereau Charlotte , Hamm Peter
Published: February 2024

Protein dynamics form a critical bridge between protein structure and function, yet the impact of evolution on ultrafast processes inside proteins remains enigmatic. This study delves deep into nanosecond-scale protein dynamics of a structurally and functionally conserved protein across species separated by almost a billion years, investigating ten homologs in complex with their ligand. By inducing a photo-triggered destabilization of the ligand inside the binding pocket, we resolved distinct kinetic footprints for each homolog via transient infrared spectroscopy. Strikingly, we found a cascade of rearrangements within the protein complex which manifest in time points of increased dynamic activity conserved over hundreds of millions of years within a narrow window. Among these processes, one displays a subtle temporal shift correlating with evolutionary divergence, suggesting reduced selective pressure in the past. Our study not only uncovers the impact of evolution on molecular processes in a specific case, but has also the potential to initiate a field of scientific inquiry within molecular paleontology, where species are compared and classified based on the rapid pace of protein dynamic processes; a field which connects the shortest conceivable time scale in living matter (10

−
9

s) with the largest ones (10

16

s).
Development of EFL reading rate in adolescents in Japan
Authors: Yamashita Junko , Kusanagi Kunihiro , Shiotsu Toshihiko
Published: February 2024

This longitudinal study employed latent growth curve modeling to investigate the development of EFL reading rate in a sample of L1-Japanese adolescents from Grade 9 to 11. It also examined the contributions of four components (word recognition, phonological processing, orthographic processing and vocabulary breadth) to the reading rate with word recognition as a mediator. The growth trajectory was non-linear with steeper gains between Grades 9 and 10 than Grades 10 and 11. The components contributed to the reading rate in complex ways, either directly or through the mediation of word recognition. Although some catching up by slower readers was observed, the advantage the faster readers had at the outset remained after two years, indicating the importance of the achievement levels at early stages for later development.
Subjectification and conativity
Authors: Octavio de Toledo y Huerta Álvaro S. , Camarero Mar Garachana
Published: February 2024

Conative constructions have enjoyed considerable attention over the past decade from a typological perspective.
However, the historical development of conativity in individual languages has been largely neglected to date. In this paper, we
put forth an exhaustive diachronic analysis of the Spanish verbal construction tratar de + INF (currently ‘to
attempt to INF’, whereby tratar originally means ‘handle’). We show that, unlike many periphrases, tratar
de + INF does not originate in a single construction, but emerges via the conflation of separate members in a
constructional network whose meanings slowly converged (in the manner of mutually supporting constructions) around a volitional
meaning to generate a conative structure. The discussion sheds light on likely constructionalization paths for the development of
conative meaning and highlights the role of non-periphrastic constructions as a principal means of conveying certain core modal
contents in particular languages.
Vete a freír cristales
Authors: Ivorra Ordines Pedro , López Meirama Belén
Published: February 2024

The constructional idiom [IRSE/ANDAR(SE)[imperative] a CLAUSE[infinitive]] (e.g., Vete a freír espárragos, lit. ‘go to fry asparagus’; Iros a tomar viento, lit. ‘go to get wind’) is commonly used in Spanish to convey the speaker’s strong rejection, and is a hallmark of colloquial language. This makes it an excellent candidate for exploring the phenomenon of extravagance, both because of these characteristics and its structure, which includes an empty slot filled with a clause headed by an infinitive. This structural aspect contributes to variability, as its high token frequency also results in high type frequency. The corpus analysis (Sketch Engine) presented in this paper allows us to illustrate the relationship between creativity and intensification, as well as between innovation and convention. Besides, it underscores the gradual nature of creativity, culminating in extravagance, which speakers employ to gain salience and, in turn, amplify the expressiveness and emotional impact of their statements.
Nutrients: Signal 4 in T cell immunity
Authors: Raynor Jana L. , Chi Hongbo
Published: February 2024

T cells are integral in mediating adaptive immunity to infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. Upon immune challenge, T cells exit from a quiescent state, followed by clonal expansion and effector differentiation. These processes are shaped by three established immune signals, namely antigen stimulation (Signal 1), costimulation (Signal 2), and cytokines (Signal 3). Emerging findings reveal that nutrients, including glucose, amino acids, and lipids, are crucial regulators of T cell responses and interplay with Signals 1–3, highlighting nutrients as Signal 4 to license T cell immunity. Here, we first summarize the functional importance of Signal 4 and the underlying mechanisms of nutrient transport, sensing, and signaling in orchestrating T cell activation and quiescence exit. We also discuss the roles of nutrients in programming T cell differentiation and functional fitness and how nutrients can be targeted to improve disease therapy. Understanding how T cells respond to Signal 4 nutrients in microenvironments will provide insights into context-dependent functions of adaptive immunity and therapeutic interventions.
Gravitational repulsion in an expanding ball of dust
Authors: P L Bragança Diogo
Published: February 2024

In general relativity, there is a velocity dependent term in the gravitational acceleration of a test particle for an observer at infinity. Depending on the direction of motion and the speed, that term can be repulsive. We show that this is also the case in the Parametrized Post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism. We compute the magnitude of that repulsive term for an expanding sphere of dust observed at infinity, and find that it could mimic the effect of a cosmological constant. The time evolution of such an expanding ball of dust for an observer at infinity is calculated, and compared with the standard ΛCDM model. We find that the so-called coincidence problem does not exist for such a model as the energy density attributed to the expansion is always of the same order as the matter energy density.
Innovating in-situ characterization: a comprehensive measurement system for measuring the ZT and the contact resistance of vertical thermolegs exploiting the vertical transfer length method
Authors: Sherkat Negin , Kattiparambil Sivaprasad Athira , Pelz Uwe , Woias Peter
Published: February 2024

In order to optimize their system design and manufacturing processes, it is crucial to undertake a thorough electrical and thermal characterization of micro thermoelectric generators (µTEGs). To address this need, a highly advanced and fully integrated in-situ measurement system has been developed. The main objectives of this system are to (1) enable the measurement of ZT and thereby of all thermoelectric (TE) properties of thermolegs made from powder-based TE materials and (2) at the same time accurately measure the contact resistance between the TE material and the electrical contacts. The µTEG fabrication concept used in this study is based on copper-cladded printed circuit board (PCB) material as a substrate, using the Cu layers for easy contact formation. In a first step, an innovative measurement concept, based on a distinctive vertical rendition of the well-established transfer length method, has been realized, allowing for the in-situ measurement of contact resistance between the TE material and the copper conductors on the PCB substrate. This enables a comprehensive assessment of the impact exerted by the applied force and temperature during e.g. a hot-pressing step for compacting the powder-based thermolegs during the manufacturing process. In a second step, a comprehensive measurement platform, referred to as the ZT-Card, has been devised to facilitate the evaluation of all relevant TE material properties—Seebeck voltage, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity (all measured in vertical cross-plane orientation)—inherent to a highly miniaturized thermoleg. Additionally, the ZT-Card also allows for the assessment of contact resistance between the copper contacts and the TE material. Successful testing of this measurement system inspires confidence in the capabilities of the platform and will aid in future µTEG development.
Measurement of medium-voltage AC air arc temperature and particle number density based on dual-wavelength Moiré deflection technology
Authors: Zhou Tong , Yang Qing , Yuan Tao , He Hengxin , Liu Hongwen
Published: February 2024

AC air arcs are generated in medium-voltage (MV) power systems under the effect of harsh weather conditions, equipment aging, and high penetration of distributed generation, threatening equipment and public safety. The arc current and temperature are low due to the wide application of arc suppression devices. In this scenario, the MV AC air arc does not satisfy the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) condition. In addition, the repeated arcing and extinguishing processes further complicate the arc discharge mechanism, which bring challenges in the modeling and detection of MV AC air arcs. Experimental methods are a direct and efficient approach to determine the properties of arc plasmas. In this study, a dual-wavelength Moiré deflection diagnostic system was established to determine the time evolution of the particle density and radial distribution of the temperature in an MV AC air arc without relying on the LTE assumption. The electron number density and heavy particle number density change transiently during the arc discharge process and change gradient along the radial direction. The heavy particle temperature and electron temperature were then calculated based on the measured particle number density. During the arcing stage, the temperature of the electrons exceeded that of the heavy particles significantly, and the arc deviated from LTE. Finally, the limitations of the traditional single-wavelength Moiré deflection method are analyzed. The classic single-wavelength Moiré deflection method, while capable of estimating heavy particle temperature in plasma, exhibits a significant error in electron density estimation compared to the dual-wavelength Moiré deflection method.
Robust approximation rules for critical electric field of dielectric gas mixtures
Authors: Garland N A , Muccignat D L , Boyle G J , White R D
Published: February 2024

A semi-analytic method for quickly approximating the density-reduced critical electric field for arbitrary mixtures of gases is proposed and validated. Determination of this critical electric field is crucial for designing and testing alternatives to SF6 for insulating high voltage electrical equipment. We outline the theoretical basis of the approximation formula from electron fluid conservation equations, and demonstrate how for binary mixtures the critical electric field can be computed from the transport data of electrons in the pure gases. We demonstrate validity of the method in mixtures of N2 and O2, and SF6 and O2. We conclude with an application of the method to approximate the critical electric field for mixtures of SF6 and HFO1234ze(E), which is a high interest mixture being actively studied for high voltage insulation applications.
High-K isomers in a self-consistent mean-field approach with the Gogny force
Authors: Robledo L M
Published: February 2024

High-K isomeric states in even–even nuclei are described within a mean-field framework with full blocking and using the finite range Gogny force. Theoretical calculations of low energy spectra of several nuclei across the nuclear chart are compared with equal filling approximation results and experimental data. Despite the global character of the employed interactions, a good agreement between the different many-body methods and experimental data is found.
A fast, matrix-based method to perform omnidirectional pressure integration
Authors: Zigunov Fernando , Charonko John J
Published: February 2024

Experimentally-measured pressure fields play an important role in understanding many fluid dynamics problems. Unfortunately, pressure fields are difficult to measure directly with non-invasive, spatially resolved diagnostics, and calculations of pressure from velocity have proven sensitive to error in the data. Omnidirectional line integration methods are usually more accurate and robust to these effects as compared to implicit Poisson equations, but have seen slower uptake due to the higher computational and memory costs, particularly in 3D domains. This paper demonstrates how omnidirectional line integration approaches can be converted to a matrix inversion problem. This novel formulation uses an iterative approach so that the boundary conditions are updated each step, preserving the convergence behavior of omnidirectional schemes while also keeping the computational efficiency of Poisson solvers. This method is implemented in Matlab and also as a GPU-accelerated code in CUDA-C++. The behavior of the new method is demonstrated on 2D and 3D synthetic and experimental data. Three-dimensional grid sizes of up to 125 million grid points are tractable with this method, opening exciting opportunities to perform volumetric pressure field estimation from 3D PIV measurements.
Bearing fault diagnosis based on online symbolic aggregation approximation and streaming deep discriminant analysis
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Ye Fang , Zeng Jiusun
Published: February 2024

Rolling bearings are one of the important components of many industrial equipment, and the timely detection of faults in these bearings significantly contributes to ensuring equipment safety. To achieve real-time diagnosis of bearing faults, this paper proposes an online fault diagnosis framework that utilizes online symbolic aggregation approximation (SAX) and streaming deep discriminant analysis. This method uses the moving window approach to segment the vibration data collected online, and then uses SAX for symbolic representation. the obtained icons are input into stacked denoising convolutional autoencoder (AE) for classification. The model consists of several denoising convolutional AEs and a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) module. To accommodate online data changes, while fixing the main structure of the network, the streaming method is used to update the parameters of LDA. Compared with other traditional approaches for diagnosing bearing faults, the proposed method exhibits distinct advantages. Specifically, it utilizes a stable neural network model, updates classifier parameters in real-time, and demonstrates superior computational efficiency. The application results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Low-cost microstrip sensor based on coupled step line (CSL) resonator for blood plasma glucose determination
Authors: Amirian Mohsen , Karimi Gholamreza
Published: February 2024

In this paper, a microstrip sensor structure was designed and implemented to detect blood glucose levels (BGL) based on changes in resonant frequencies, achieved by creating couplings at sensitive regions. A coupled step line was used to create a sensitive region on the sensor suitable for BGL testing. Transmission matrix theory was employed for the mathematical analysis to obtain the resonant frequency. Received blood samples from 50 different patients were centrifuged, and their serums were extracted to study the performance of the microchip sensor. By placing individual serum samples (50 µl) at the sensitive region of the sensor, the scattering parameters of the sensor were measured to investigate the resonant frequency variation. In addition, the effects of basic blood parameters were analyzed based on the amount of frequency shift. High sensitivity, suitable quality (Q) factor, compact size, and acceptable reproducibility of the measured results are important features of the developed sensor.
An improved waveguide method for accurate complex permittivity measurement of medium/high-loss material
Authors: Wang Weijie , Jiang Wei , Yao Yelei , Wang Jianxun , Liu Guo
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we propose an improved method for accurately measuring medium/high-loss material permittivity to overcome the air gap problem in the conventional waveguide method. This method improves the sample fixture and has a high tolerance on the wide side air gap, which is a dominant factor affecting the accuracy of the conventional waveguide method. Meanwhile, the proposed method avoids the effects of tilting and displacement during sample assembly. In our study, a typical lossy material commonly used in vacuum tubes has been quantitatively analyzed in Ka-band. The simulation results show that the relative error of ϵr′ can be reduced from more than 10% to less than 1% compared with the conventional waveguide method with a 0.1 mm wide side tolerance. The relative error of tanδ can be reduced from over 20% to below 6%. In addition, different lossy materials are discussed. The accuracy improvement was verified by measuring different BeO-TiO2 samples using conventional and improved methods.
Analysis of the characteristics of silver nanowires (AgNW) random network for transparent heater applications
Authors: Duc Thinh-Vuong , Nguyen Van-Cuong , Kim Huyn-Chul
Published: February 2024

Transparent heaters (THs) find widespread application in various indoor and outdoor settings, such as LCD panels and motorcycle helmet visors. Among the materials used for efficient TH performance, the AgNW network stands out due to its high conductivity, substantial transmittance, and minimal solution requirement. Extensive research has been directed towards enhancing AgNW characteristics, focusing on smaller diameters and longer wires. In TH applications, the primary considerations include a rapid response and elevated temperature. Consequently, this research delves into investigating the impact of parameters like diameter, length, and density on random AgNW networks under varying applied voltages. The finite element method is employed for analyzing temperature changes in response to voltage application, particularly in scenarios involving small-scale setups with high-density and high-percolation AgNW networks. The results reveal a significant increase in the thermal transition rate, ranging from 28% to 36%, with varying densities in the random network. Within the same density, the AgNW network with larger diameters and lengths demonstrates the highest temperatures, aligning with previous calculations. Furthermore, a trade-off exists between optical properties in smaller diameters and electrical properties in larger diameters within a relatively narrow temperature range.
PVDF piezoelectric sensor based on solution blow spinning fibers for structural stress/strain health monitoring
Authors: Zou Xuexue , Zhu Ruijian , Chen Xing , Ran Qianping , Wang Zengmei
Published: February 2024

Strain monitoring is of great significance to the maintenance and safe operation of engineering structures. To address the shortcomings of piezoelectric ceramics such as high inflexibility and brittleness, in this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibrous films were prepared by a safe and efficient solution blow spinning technique. In the case of similar β-phase content, the preparing efficiency of PVDF fibers by the solution blow spinning method increased by about 8–10 times compared to that of electrospinning method in our previous work. The fibers with average diameter of 0.79 μm had the highest β-phase content, around 83%. A flexible piezoelectric fiber sensor with simple design for structural strain monitoring was prepared based on the PVDF fibers. The sensor responded well to strains as low as 23 μϵ, better than commercial strain gauges, with a high response accuracy of 1.11 mV/μϵ. And the piezoelectric properties of the sensors could charge a 4.7 μF capacitor to 3 V in 40 s, offering the potential for low-cost, self-powered structural health monitoring.
The influence of microwave pulse conditions on enantiomer-specific state transfer
Authors: Lee JuHyeon , Bischoff Johannes , Hernandez-Castillo A O , Abdiha Elahe , Sartakov Boris G , Meijer Gerard , Eibenberger-Arias Sandra
Published: February 2024

We report a combined experimental and theoretical study on the influence of microwave pulse durations on enantiomer-specific state transfer. Two triads of rotational states within a chiral molecule (1-indanol) are selected to address the possible scenarios. In the triad connected to the absolute ground state, the simplest triad that exists for all chiral molecules, the enantiomer-specific state transfer process simplifies into a sequence of two-level transitions. The second triad, including higher rotational states, represents a more generic scenario that involves multiple Rabi frequencies for each transition. Our study reveals that the conventional

π
2

−
π
−

π
2

pulse sequence is not the optimal choice, except for the ideal case when in the simplest triad only the lowest state is initially populated. We find that employing a shorter duration for the first and last pulse of the sequence leads to significantly higher state-specific enantiomeric enrichment, albeit at the expense of overall population in the target state. Our experimental results are in very good agreement with theory, substantiating the quantitative understanding of enantiomer-specific state transfer.
More-than-moore steep slope devices for higher frequency switching applications: a designer’s perspective
Authors: Chowdhury Joy , Sarkar Angsuman , Mahapatra Kamalakanta , Das J K
Published: February 2024

The progress in IC miniaturization dictated by Moore’s Law has taken a leap from mere circuit integration to IoT enabled System-on-Chip (SoC) deployments. Such systems are connoted by contemporary advancements in the semiconductor industry roadmaps namely, ‘More-Moore’ and ‘More-than-Moore’ (MtM). For meaningful integration of digital and non-digital blocks, a power performance tradeoff is essential for maximum and fruitful utilization of the silicon area. Using the techniques under the MtM nomenclature allows the use of unconventional steep slope devices like Tunneling FETs, Negative Capacitance (NC) FETs, Gate-all-around FETs (GAA) and FinFETs etc, which can exhibit reasonable performance with lower supply voltages. Following the Device Technology Co-optimization (DTCO) and System Technology Co-optimization (STCO) the advanced 3D heterogenous integration technologies allow sensors, analog/mixed signal and passive components to be assimilated within the same package as the CMOS blocks. Appropriate device engineering techniques like multi-gate architectures, vertical stacking transistors, compound semiconductors and alternate carrier transport phenomena are required to improve the current drive and scaling performance of advanced CMOS devices. CMOS based codesign is essential to realize new topologies for energy economical computation, sensing and information processing as the beyond CMOS steep slope devices are independently incapable of replacing conventional bulk CMOS devices. This article presents a detailed qualitative review of the various aspects of MtM beyond CMOS steep slope switches and their prospective integration technologies. For system level integration, various aspects of device performance and optimizations, related device-circuit interactions, dielectric technologies at the advance nanometer nodes have been probed into. Additionally, novel circuit topologies, synthesis algorithms and processor level performance evaluation using steep slope switches have been investigated. An exclusive compact overview for contemporary insights into integrated device-system development methodology and its performance evaluation is presented.
Two-component dimers of ultracold atoms with center-of-mass-momentum dependent interactions
Authors: Liu Yaru , Yang Shu , Zhang Peng
Published: February 2024

In a previous paper [Phys. Rev. A
95, 060 701(R) (2017)], we demonstrated that a new type of two-body interaction, which depends on the center of mass (CoM) momentum, can be realized for ultracold atoms via laser-modulated magnetic Feshbach resonance (MFR). Further studies (e.g. L He et al, Phys. Rev. Lett.
120, 045 302 (2018)) show that various interesting phenomena, such as Fulde–Ferrell superfluids, can be induced by scattering between ultracold atoms with this interaction. In this work we investigate the shallow bound states of two ultracold atoms with this type of interaction. We show that when the magnetic field B is below the MFR point B
0, two shallow bound states can appear in this system. Namely, a ‘two-component dimer’ or a dimer with pseudo-spin 1/2 can be formed by two atoms. Furthermore, the dispersion curve of the dimer may have either single or double minimums in the CoM momentum space. The latter case can be explained as a result from significant pseudo-spin-orbital coupling (SOC) effects. Our results show that the ultracold gases with CoM momentum dependent interaction may be a candidate for quantum simulations with ultracold two-component molecules, especially the molecule gases with SOC.
On the Performances of Estimating Stellar Atmospheric Parameters from CSST Broad-band Photometry
Authors: Shi Rui-Feng , Huang Yang , Li Xin-Yi , Zhang Hua-Wei
Published: February 2024

Deriving atmospheric parameters of a large sample of stars is of vital importance to understand the formation and evolution of the Milky Way. Photometric surveys, especially those with near-ultraviolet filters, can offer accurate measurements of stellar parameters, with the precision comparable to that from low/medium resolution spectroscopy. In this study, we explore the capability of measuring stellar atmospheric parameters from Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) broad-band photometry (particularly in the near-ultraviolet bands), based on synthetic colors derived from model spectra. We find that colors from the optical and near-ultraviolet filter systems adopted by CSST show significant sensitivities to the stellar atmospheric parameters, especially the metallicity. According to our mock data tests, the precision of the photometric metallicity is quite high, with typical values of 0.17 and 0.20 dex for dwarf and giant stars, respectively. The precision of the effective temperature estimated from broad-band colors are within 50 K.
Attention-based deep learning approach for CSI feedback under 5G TDL channel
Authors: Peng Hanli
Published: February 2024

In 5G communication systems, accurate channel state information (CSI) is indispensable for signal detection and regulation at the base station side. However, frequent CSI feedback from users leads to excessive system overhead. To tackle this challenge, this paper puts forward a novel deep learning framework - HCNet based on attention mechanism and autoencoder, aiming to efficiently compress and reconstruct the high-dimensional time-varying CSI matrices in an end-to-end approach. The proposed framework incorporates a self-attention module in the encoder to explicitly capture global dependencies within the CSI matrix. Meanwhile, the decoder adopts gated recurrent unit networks to fully exploit inter-feature correlations and redundancy. To evaluate the performance, simulations are conducted using datasets conforming to current 5G time-varying TDL channel models. Results demonstrate superior performance over existing deep learning based feedback networks. Specifically, the proposed framework can reduce the normalized mean square error of CSI reconstruction by 4 dB under various compression ratios which confirms the effectiveness of the attention-enhanced autoencoder structure for compressive CSI sensing and feedback in practical dynamic communication systems.
Improving small sample medical image segmentation using CBAM: Insights from two datasets
Authors: Tan Yusheng
Published: February 2024

Medical image segmentation is one of the key tasks in the medical field and is crucial for accurate lesion detection and treatment planning. However, the small sample problem has been one of the challenges in medical image segmentation. In this study, the small sample medical image segmentation problem is evaluated experimentally based on two different datasets, the VOC dataset and the esophageal medical images. In the VOC dataset experiments, we used the code from the BAM project on GitHub as a benchmark and compared it. Additionally, we improved the benchmark code by adding the Attention Mechanism (CBAM), placing its position before the support set undergoes global average pooling. By comparing the experimental results, we found that the model with the added CBAM achieved better segmentation results under small sample conditions. In the esophageal medical image experiments, the code from the BAM project was also used as a benchmark and a similar experimental design was performed. We further added CBAM by placing it before the global average pooling of the support set. The experimental results show that the model with the addition of CBAM achieves a significant improvement in the small sample segmentation task of esophageal medical images. To summarize, this study validates the effectiveness of using the BAM model in the small-sample medical image segmentation task on two different datasets. By adding CBAM, our model exhibits better segmentation performance under small sample conditions. These findings provide useful insights for small-sample medical image segmentation and are important for future research and practice.
Explainer on GNN-based segmentation networks
Authors: Wu Shuaimin
Published: February 2024

Graph Neural Networks (GNN) are powerful tools for deep learning. Similar to other neural networks, GNNs are complex models, in which humans can’t understand the decision-making procedures of the models. Therefore, it brings the need to explainability of GNNs. Explainability is critical for deep learning to support its predictions. In this paper, we will investigate the Grad-Cam and Integrated-Gradients explaining methods. The Grad-Cam applies a global average pooling over the feature activation mapping, and then which was followed by a ReLU activation to obtain an attribution. The Integrated-Gradients explains models by taking a line integral between the baseline image (a black image) and the source image. We demonstrate how Grad-Cam and the Integrated-Gradients methods explain the graph-deep model in semantic segmentation tasks over the Cityscapes dataset. FCN and LRASSP-MobileNet are used as a comparison to the DualGCN in the experiment to show the explaining effect.