bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyclopolymerization of unconjugated dienes
Authors: Trossarelli L. , Guaita M. , Priola A.
Published: September 2014

The experimental results of an investigation on the products obtained from the free radical polymerization of some unsymmetrical unconjugated dienes, such as N‐allyl‐methacrylamide, N‐allylacrylamide, allyl methacrylate, and allyl acrylate, are presented and discussed, reference being made to some general relationships between monomer concentration and eyclopolymer composition (from the point of view of the possible structural units). Data on the relative reactivities of the two double bonds of these monomers toward the attacking radicals are obtained which allow us to get some interesting informations about the intramolecular and intermolecular steps of the cyclopolymerization process.
Geophysically Realistic, Ellipsoidal, Analytically Tractable (GREAT) coordinates for atmospheric and oceanic modelling
Authors: Staniforth Andrew , White Andy
Published: September 2014

Suitable models of Earth's geopotential field provide foundations for developing geopotential coordinate systems for modelling Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Earth's geopotential surfaces are traditionally represented as spheres. However, the suitability of this spherical representation for state‐of‐the‐science models is debatable: the geopotentials are more accurately approximated by ellipsoids. A new, ellipsoidal, geopotential approximation is proposed. It is not based on confocal or similar ellipses (as used in previous studies) but is nevertheless relatively simple and analytically tractable. It properly represents the underlying physics, and gives geophysically realistic horizontal and vertical variation of apparent gravity. Exploiting this geopotential approximation, an orthogonal, ellipsoidal, geopotential coordinate system for atmospheric and oceanic modelling is developed analytically and in a self‐consistent manner. By construction, the horizontal coordinate surfaces coincide with geopotential surfaces. This ensures that there is no component of apparent gravity in any direction tangential to coordinate surfaces. Accurate representation of intrinsic horizontal and vertical force balances, such as geostrophic and hydrostatic balance, is thereby facilitated. The proposed coordinate system has the potential not only to improve the quality of terrestrial model forecasts in the future, but to be used to model the atmospheres and oceans of mildly oblate planetary bodies, and also for space weather simulation.
Deformation of compensated piled raft foundations with deep embedment in super‐tall buildings of Shanghai
Authors: Yongjing Tang , Xihong Zhao
Published: September 2014

This paper presents a synergetic approach based on a statistical‐empirical method, conservation of energy method and superstructure‐foundation interaction theory, and this paper aims to estimate the deformation level of a compensated piled raft foundation. The advantages and main characteristics of such a compensated piled raft foundation are described, and a history of the heave, recompression deformation and final settlement data measurements is provided. Case studies of four super‐tall buildings, the 88‐story Jinmao Building, 66‐story Henglong Plaza, 101‐story Shanghai World Financial Center and 121‐story Shanghai Center Tower in Shanghai, all of which are engineering projects that the second author participated in, are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of different calculations for heave, recompression deformation and final settlement. This study demonstrates that the deformation process can be reasonably projected for a piled raft foundation with deep embedment in Shanghai using superstructure‐foundation interaction methods, statistical‐empirical formulas and a method based on the conservation of energy. The coefficients in the statistical‐empirical method are also further optimized. This deformation estimation considering compensation for deep embedment unloading is reasonable and can be used to avoid excessively conservative designs, and the synergetic approach is applicable to any compensated piled raft foundation with deep embedment in Shanghai. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Choline but not its derivative betaine blocks slow vacuolar channels in the halophyte Chenopodium quinoa: Implications for salinity stress responses
Authors: Pottosin Igor , Bonales-Alatorre Edgar , Shabala Sergey
Published: September 2014

Activity of tonoplast slow vacuolar (SV, or TPC1) channels has to be under a tight control, to avoid undesirable leak of cations stored in the vacuole. This is particularly important for salt‐grown plants, to ensure efficient vacuolar Na+ sequestration. In this study we show that choline, a cationic precursor of glycine betaine, efficiently blocks SV channels in leaf and root vacuoles of the two chenopods, Chenopodium quinoa (halophyte) and Beta vulgaris (glycophyte). At the same time, betaine and proline, two major cytosolic organic osmolytes, have no significant effect on SV channel activity. Physiological implications of these findings are discussed.
Disturbed biopterin and folate metabolism in the Qdpr‐deficient mouse
Authors: Xu Feng , Sudo Yusuke , Sanechika Sho , Yamashita Junpei , Shimaguchi Sho , Honda Shun-ichiro , Sumi-Ichinose Chiho , Mori-Kojima Masayo , Nakata Rieko , Furuta Tadaomi , Sakurai Minoru , Sugimoto Masahiro , Soga Tomoyoshi , Kondo Kazunao , Ichinose Hiroshi
Published: September 2014

Quinonoid dihydropteridine reductase (QDPR) catalyzes the regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a cofactor for monoamine synthesis, phenylalanine hydroxylation and nitric oxide production. Here, we produced and analyzed a transgenic Qdpr
−/− mouse model. Unexpectedly, the BH4 contents in the Qdpr
−/− mice were not decreased and even increased in some tissues, whereas those of the oxidized form dihydrobiopterin (BH2) were significantly increased. We demonstrated that unlike the wild‐type mice, dihydrofolate reductase regenerated BH4 from BH2 in the mutants. Furthermore, we revealed wide alterations in folate‐associated metabolism in the Qdpr
−/− mice, which suggests an interconnection between folate and biopterin metabolism in the transgenic mouse model.
Saturated fatty acid‐induced miR‐195 impairs insulin signaling and glycogen metabolism in HepG2 cells
Authors: Yang Won-Mo , Jeong Hyo-Jin , Park Seung-Yoon , Lee Wan
Published: September 2014

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in insulin signaling and insulin secretion, but the role of miRNAs in the association between obesity and hepatic insulin resistance is largely unknown. This study reports that saturated fatty acid (SFA) and high fat diet (HFD) significantly induce miR‐195 expression in hepatocytes, and that the insulin receptor (INSR), not insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1), is a direct target of miR‐195. Furthermore, the ectopic expression of miR‐195 suppresses the expression of INSR, thereby impairing the insulin signaling cascade and glycogen synthesis in HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that the dysregulation of miR‐195 by SFA is a detrimental factor for hepatic insulin sensitivity.
A taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of Penicillium section Aspergilloides
Authors: Houbraken J. , Visagie C.M. , Meijer M. , Frisvad J.C. , Busby P.E. , Pitt J.I. , Seifert K.A. , Louis-Seize G. , Demirel R. , Yilmaz N. , Jacobs K. , Christensen M. , Samson R.A.
Published: September 2014

Species belonging to Penicillium section Aspergilloides have a world-wide distribution with P. glabrum, P. spinulosum and P. thomii the most well-known species of this section. These species occur commonly and can be isolated from many
substrates including soil, food, bark and indoor environments. The taxonomy of these species has been investigated several times using various techniques, but species delimitation remains difficult. In the present study, 349 strains belonging to section Aspergilloides were subjected
to multilocus molecular phylogenetic analyses using partial β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) sequences. Section Aspergilloides is subdivided into 12 clades and 51 species. Twenty-five species are described
here as new and P. yezoense, a species originally described without a Latin diagnosis, is validated. Species belonging to section Aspergilloides are phenotypically similar and most have monoverticillate conidiophores and grow moderately or quickly on agar media. The most
important characters to distinguish these species were colony sizes on agar media, growth at 30 °C, ornamentation and shape of conidia, sclerotium production and stipe roughness.
Reconstructing the Timing of Flash Floods Using10Be Surface Exposure Dating at Leidy Creek Alluvial Fan and Valley, White Mountains, California–Nevada, USA
Authors: Fuchs Markus , Reverman Rebecca , Owen Lewis A. , Frankel Kurt L.
Published: September 2014

Large alluvial fans characterize the piedmonts of the White Mountains, California–Nevada, USA, with large boulders strewn across their surfaces. The boulders are interpreted as flash floods deposits with an unclear trigger for the transport process. Several triggers are possible, including glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), thunderstorms or rainfall on snow cover. From a paleoenvironmental perspective, the origin of the flash floods is of fundamental importance. The alluvial fans that flank the White Mountains at Leidy Creek display particularly impressive examples of these deposits. The boulder deposits and the source catchment at Leidy Creek were examined using10Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) surface exposure dating to help elucidate their age and origin. All boulders dated on the alluvial fans date to the Holocene. This is in accordance with the geomorphic analyses of the Leidy Creek catchment and its terraces and sediment ridges, which were also dated to the Holocene using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and10Be surface exposure. The results suggest that the boulders on the alluvial fan were deposited by flash floods during thunderstorm events affecting the catchment of the Leidy Creek valley. Paleomonsoonal-induced mid-Holocene flash floods are the most plausible explanation for the discharges needed for these boulder aggradations, but a regional dataset is needed to confirm this explanation.
Fluid migration between confined aquifers
Authors: Pegler Samuel S. , Huppert Herbert E. , Neufeld Jerome A.
Published: September 2014

We study the two-dimensional flow and leakage of buoyant fluid injected at a constant volumetric rate into a fluid-saturated porous medium confined vertically by horizontal boundaries. The upper boundary contains a localized vertical fracture that allows fluid to leak into an open or partially confined porous layer above. The rate of leakage is modelled as proportional to the combined action of the gravitational hydrostatic head of the current below the fracture and the background pressure introduced by the injection. After the injected current reaches the fracture, leakage is initially controlled kinematically by the rate at which injected fluid flows towards the fracture. Once the rate at which buoyant fluid flows towards the fracture exceeds a critical value, the current overshoots the fracture and leakage switches to being controlled dynamically by the pressure drop across the fracture. Two long-term regimes of flow can emerge. In one, the current approaches a steady height above the lower boundary and essentially all fluid injected into the medium leaks at long times. In the other, the current accumulates to fill the entire depth of the medium below the fracture. Only a fraction of the injected fluid then leaks at long times, implying significantly greater long-term storage than has been proposed from studies of leakage from unconfined media. An understanding of the flow regimes is obtained using numerical solutions and analysis of long-term similarity solutions. The implications of our results to the geological storage of carbon dioxide is discussed.
Mach number effects on the global mixing modes induced by ramp injectors in supersonic flows
Authors: Massa Luca
Published: September 2014

Modern injectors for supersonic combustors (hypermixers) augment the fuel–air mixing rate by energizing the perturbation in the mixing layer. From an instability point of view, the increased perturbation growth is linked to the increased complexity of the equilibrium base flow when compared to the axisymmetric mixing layer. Common added features are streamwise vortex streaks, oblique recompression shocks and Prandtl–Meyer expansions. One of the main effects of such distortions of the mean flow is to transform the instability responsible for the creation of fine scales from a local amplified mode to a global self-sustained fluctuation. The focus of the present research is on the flow distortion induced by flushed ramps for free-stream Mach numbers in the range 2.5–3.5. The principal mean flow features are the recirculation region due to the recompression of the flow after the ramp, the shear layer over the recirculation region and the vortex streaks propagating from the ramp corners. A global three-dimensional stability analysis and three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of small perturbations of the mean flow are performed. The growth and energy distribution of the dominant and subdominant fluctuations supported by the three-dimensional steady laminar base flow are computed. The main results are the growth rates of the self-sustained varicose and sinuous modes and their correlation to the variation in the free-stream Mach number. The complex three-dimensional wavemaker is investigated by evaluating the three-dimensional eigenfunctions of the direct and adjoint modes, and the effects of the axial vorticity generated by the ramp corners are discussed.
Dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents and young adults: the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project
Authors: McCourt Hannah J. , Draffin Claire R. , Woodside Jayne V. , Cardwell Chris R. , Young Ian S. , Hunter Steven J. , Murray Liam J. , Boreham Colin A. , Gallagher Alison M. , Neville Charlotte E. , McKinley Michelle C.
Published: September 2014

Dietary pattern (DP) analysis allows examination of the combined effects of nutrients and foods on the markers of CVD. Very few studies have examined these relationships during adolescence or young adulthood. Traditional CVD risk biomarkers were analysed in 12–15-year-olds (n487; Young Hearts (YH)1) and again in the same individuals at 20–25 years of age (n487; YH3). Based on 7 d diet histories, in the present study, DP analysis was performed usinga posterioriprincipal component analysis for the YH3 cohort and thea prioriMediterranean Diet Score (MDS) was calculated for both YH1 and YH3 cohorts. In thea posterioriDP analysis, YH3 participants adhering most closely to the ‘healthy’ DP were found to have lower pulse wave velocity (PWV) and homocysteine concentrations, the ‘sweet tooth’ DP were found to have increased LDL concentrations, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure and decreased HDL concentrations, the ‘drinker/social’ DP were found to have lower LDL and homocysteine concentrations, but exhibited a trend towards a higher TAG concentration, and finally the ‘Western’ DP were found to have elevated homocysteine and HDL concentrations. In thea prioridietary score analysis, YH3 participants adhering most closely to the Mediterranean diet were found to exhibit a trend towards a lower PWV. MDS did not track between YH1 and YH3, and nor was there a longitudinal relationship between the change in the MDS and the change in CVD risk biomarkers. In conclusion, cross-sectional analysis revealed that some associations between DP and CVD risk biomarkers were already evident in the young adult population, namely the association between the healthy DP (and the MDS) and PWV; however, no longitudinal associations were observed between these relatively short time periods.
Bayesian model selection for multiple QTLs mapping combining linkage disequilibrium and linkage
Authors: JIANG DAN , MA GUODA , YANG RUNQING , LI KESHEN , FANG MING
Published: September 2014

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping is able to localize quantitative trait loci (QTL) within a rather small region (e.g. 2 cM), which is much narrower than linkage analysis (LA, usually 20 cM). The multilocus LD method utilizes haplotype information around putative mutation and takes historical recombination events into account, and thus provides a powerful method for further fine mapping. However, sometimes there are more than one QTLs in the region being studied. In this study, the Bayesian model selection implemented via the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is developed for fine mapping of multiple QTLs using haplotype information in a small region. The method combines LD as well as linkage information. A series of simulation experiments were conducted to investigate the behavior of the method. The results showed that this new multiple QTLs method was more efficient in separating closely linked QTLs than single-marker association studies.
Mycological study on cholesteatoma keratin obtained during primary mastoid surgery
Authors: Effat K G , Madany N M
Published: September 2014

Objective:

Established middle-ear cleft cholesteatoma is associated with keratinous debris, which is likely to be an ideal medium for saprophytic fungal colonisation. This prospective case study aimed to explore the incidence and nature of fungal elements in cholesteatoma keratin samples obtained during primary mastoid surgery.

Methods:

All cases of middle-ear cleft cholesteatoma treated with primary mastoid surgery at the El-Sahel Teaching Hospital over a seven-month period were included. Keratinous debris obtained from the mastoid antrum was subjected to mycological analysis at the Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. A literature search was performed to determine the clinical and pathological relevance of fungal colonisation in cholesteatoma.

Results:

Eighteen patients underwent primary mastoid surgery for cholesteatoma (nineteen ears in total) in a seven-month period starting 30 March 2013. Patients included 13 males and 5 females, with an age range of 9 to 45 years (mean 23 years). Fungal cultures were obtained from 17 keratin samples (89 per cent). Of these, five fungal isolates belonged to the dermatophyte group (21 per cent).

Conclusion:

Fungal colonisation in middle-ear cleft cholesteatoma probably plays a significant role in disease progression. Moreover, saprophytic fungal colonisation in cholesteatoma keratin may be responsible for the fetor commonly associated with the ear discharge.
COMMON REASONING IN GAMES: A LEWISIAN ANALYSIS OF COMMON KNOWLEDGE OF RATIONALITY
Authors: Cubitt Robin P. , Sugden Robert
Published: September 2014

We present a new class of models of players’ reasoning in non-cooperative games, inspired by David Lewis's account of common knowledge. We argue that the models in this class formalize common knowledge of rationality in a way that is distinctive, in virtue of modelling steps of reasoning; and attractive, in virtue of being able to represent coherently common knowledge of any consistent standard of individual decision-theoretic rationality. We contrast our approach with that of Robert Aumann (1987), arguing that the former avoids and diagnoses certain paradoxes to which the latter may give rise when extended in particular ways.
Daily variations inEscherichia coliO157 shedding patterns in a cohort of dairy heifers at pasture
Authors: WILLIAMS K. J. , WARD M. P. , DHUNGYEL O. P.
Published: September 2014

Escherichia coliO157 is a human pathogen carried asymptomatically by cattle and shed in their faeces. Infection can occur from the consumption of contaminated beef or by direct contact. Large variations ofE. coliO157 shedding in cattle exist and vary in the number of cattle positive forE. coliO157 and the amount of bacteria (c.f.u./g faeces) shed by positive animals. To investigateE. coliO157 shedding and super-shedding (>104 c.f.u./g) we used daily sampling over two 8-day periods; in January 2013 (n = 12) and February 2013 (n = 21). Samples were tested by direct faecal culture for enumeration and by immunomagnetic separation to detect lower levels of shedding. We identified three patterns of shedding, similar to previously observed descriptions: intermittent, transient and consistent. The most commonly observed pattern was intermittent shedding and variation in the level of shedding could be large. This extreme variation is demonstrated by a heifer from whichE. coliO157 could be not detected one day, was super-sheddingE. coliO157 the next and was detected as shedding >100 c.f.u./g the following day. Recto-anal mucosal swab testing did not predict super-shedding in this cohort of heifers. The variable individual patterns of shedding suggest that a common mechanism of infection may not operate within such a herd when considering previously described patterns and the inferred mechanisms. The sporadic and intermittent nature of shedding is a challenge to identifying risk factors and potential intervention strategies.
Myocarditis in drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
Authors: Ho Cynthia H. , Uzunyan Merujan Y.
Published: September 2014

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms is a drug hypersensitivity reaction. Hepatitis and nephritis are the most common visceral manifestations. Myocarditis is important to recognise, given the high mortality rate. We describe a child with drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms and discuss the role of N-terminal pro-hormone of basic natriuretic peptide in early recognition of associated myocarditis.
THE SOCIALLY-EMBEDDED MARKET AND THE FUTURE OF ENGLISH CAPITALISM IN ANTHONY TROLLOPE’STHE WAY WE LIVE NOW
Authors: Lovett Denise
Published: September 2014

With its biting portraitof mid-Victorian greed, foolishness, and the obsessive pursuit of wealth, Anthony Trollope'sThe Way We Live Nowis often read as both a eulogy for traditional English society and an attack on rapacious capitalist values, particularly as they manifest themselves in the market for finance capital. Indeed, in the novel, the market mechanism seems to have run amok: social status, titles, and reputations circulate like commodities in a sea of new money that swamps traditional distinctions between creditworthiness and social capital, investment and speculation, and commerce and graft. The pervasive sense that everything has its price extends to intimate social relations, including courtship and marriage. Penniless, pretty women of good families, such as Julia Triplex (later Lady Monogram) and Lady Carbury, much like penniless, titled men such as Lord Nidderdale and Lady Carbury's handsome son Felix, recognize that, for them, marriage is a business arrangement in which the pretense of sentiment between the parties is little more than a social convention. Yet, the novel also suggests that the frenzy that free-for-all market forces have unleashed will exhaust itself, just as the speculative price bubble in railway shares central to the narrative eventually collapses. Countering its satire of capitalist excess is the novel's more optimistic treatment of exchange, which implies that fraud in the share market can be contained through the imposition of standards of behavior that foster honest commerce.
ROMANCE NARRATIVE IN HARDY’SA PAIR OF BLUE EYES
Authors: Farrell John P.
Published: September 2014

Thomas Hardy came to the writer’s lifewith prodigious endowments and little self-confidence. His struggle with this unlikely predicament shows up repeatedly in his career, but nowhere so often as in its early stages. The“Studies and Specimens” Notebook, completed in the mid-1860s, bears touching witness to the labor of a greatly gifted writer teaching himself the very rudiments of literary form. The editors of the notebook speak accurately of the “diligence and doggedness” of his striving (Dalziel and Millgate xv). At the time his striving was dedicated to mastering poetry, the first and always most favored of his muses. But in 1867 “under the stress of necessity” he shifted his focus to “a kind of literature in which he had hitherto taken but little interest – prose fiction” (Life and Work of Thomas Hardy58). With varying results he turned to writing novels, still testing his vocation until 1873 when he publishedA Pair of Blue Eyes, which, together with his impending marriage, fixed his literary course for decades to come.
From constitutional to human rights: On the moral structure of international human rights
Authors: MÖLLER KAI
Published: September 2014

The paper presents a theory of the moral structure of international human rights. It proceeds by drawing on recent scholarship on the philosophy of national constitutional rights, which has shown that there is now an emerging global consensus on certain structural features of constitutional rights; in previous work I have summarized this under the label ‘the global model of constitutional rights’. Starting from the theory of rights underlying the global model, the paper asks what modifications, if any, are required to turn that theory into a suitable theory of international human rights. In particular, it examines the widely held view that international human rights are more minimalist than national constitutional rights. Discussing recent work by Ronald Dworkin (on political/constitutional versus human rights) and Joseph Raz (on legitimate authority versus national sovereignty), the paper concludes that it is not possible to make rights more minimalist than they already are under the global model. It follows that the moral structures of national constitutional rights and international human rights are identical. The final section of the paper examines some implications of this result, addressing the issues of the workability of the proposed conception of international human rights in practice, its point and purpose, and discussing the obligations of states to participate in international mechanisms for the protection of human rights.
A sensitive method for the quantification of virion-sense and complementary-sense DNA strands of circular single-stranded DNA viruses
Authors: Rodríguez-Negrete Edgar A. , Sánchez-Campos Sonia , Cañizares M. Carmen , Navas-Castillo Jesús , Moriones Enrique , Bejarano Eduardo R. , Grande-Pérez Ana
Published: September 2014

Circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses are the smallest viruses known to infect eukaryotes. High recombination and mutation rates have conferred these viruses with an evolutionary potential that has facilitated their emergence. Their damaging effects on livestock (circoviruses) and crops (geminiviruses and nanoviruses) and the ubiquity of anelloviruses in human populations and other mammalian species, have resulted in increased interest in better understanding their epidemiology and infection mechanisms. Circular ssDNA viral replication involves the synthesis of dsDNA intermediates containing complementary-sense (CS) and virion-sense (VS) strands. Precise quantification of VS and CS accumulation during viral infections can provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying viral replication and the host invasion process. Although qPCR protocols for quantifying viral molecules exist, none of them discriminate VS and CS strands. Here, using a two-step qPCR protocol we have quantified VS and CS molecule accumulation during the infection process of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae). Our results show that the VS/CS strand ratio and overall dsDNA amounts vary throughout the infection process. Moreover, we show that these values depend on the virus-host combination and that most CS strands are present as double-stranded molecules.
Tailoring the assembly, interfaces, and porosity of nanostructures toward enhanced catalytic activity
Authors: Nguyen Thanh-Dinh , Dinh Cao-Thang , Do Trong-On
Published: September 2014

The evolution of nanotechnology has inspired materials scientists to invent nanostructures with achievements in numerous practical applications, particularly in catalysis.
Chemical-responsive control of lower critical solution temperature behavior by pillar[10]arene-based host–guest interactions
Authors: Chi Xiaodong , Xue Min
Published: September 2014

A new water-soluble thermoresponsive pillar[10]arene with tri(ethylene oxide) groups was synthesized and its cloud point could be reversibly controlled based on a chemical-responsive host–guest system.
Synthesis of iron oxide coated fluoridated HAp/Ln3+ (Ln = Eu or Tb) nanocomposites for biological applications
Authors: Pan Jie , Zhang Juchen , Wang Lili , Wan Dong
Published: September 2014

Fluorescent-magnetic iron oxide coated fluoridated HAp/Ln3+ (Ln = Eu or Tb) nanocomposites were prepared for cellular imaging.
Hydrogen-mediated affinity of ions found in compressed potassium amidoborane, K[NH2BH3]
Authors: Magos-Palasyuk Ewelina , Palasyuk Taras , Zaleski-Ejgierd Patryk , Fijalkowski Karol
Published: September 2014

The paper reports on the experimental and theoretical investigation of bonding properties of potassium amidoborane, (K[NH2BH3]), which is one of the most promising compounds for hydrogen storage material among metallated derivatives of ammonia borane (NH3BH3).
Reversible reconstructive transition of the [CuZn(CN)4]− framework host induced by guest exchange
Authors: Nishikiori S.
Published: September 2014

The framework host [CuZn(CN)4]− exhibits a reversible reconstructive transition in the solid-state between a cristobalite-like framework and a tridymite-like one induced by guest exchange.
Differential effects of ionic and non-ionic surfactants on lysozyme fibrillation
Authors: Kumar E. Kiran , Prabhu N. Prakash
Published: September 2014

Micellar concentrations of ionic surfactants inhibit lysozyme fibrillation, but not the non-ionic surfactant.
Photoelectron–photoion coincidence spectroscopy for multiplexed detection of intermediate species in a flame
Authors: Krüger Julia , Garcia Gustavo A. , Felsmann Daniel , Moshammer Kai , Lackner Alexander , Brockhinke Andreas , Nahon Laurent , Kohse-Höinghaus Katharina
Published: September 2014

Photoelectron–photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy at a single fixed photon energy can resolve multiple species in complex reactive environments such as a flame.
Effects of kinetic and transport phenomena on thermal explosion and oscillatory behaviour in a spherical reactor with mixed convection
Authors: Gonçalves de Azevedo Filipa , Griffiths John F. , Cardoso Silvana S. S.
Published: September 2014

Thermal explosion and oscillatory behaviour in the presence of coupled forced and natural convection in a spherical reactor.
Single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with nanowatt excitation
Authors: Darby Brendan L. , Etchegoin Pablo G. , Le Ru Eric C.
Published: September 2014

Bi-analyte experiments demonstrate that single-molecule detection via SERS can be achieved at ultra-low excitation powers.
The influence of NaYF4:Yb,Er size/phase on the multimodality of co-encapsulated magnetic photon-upconverting polymeric nanoparticles
Authors: Challenor Michael , Gong Peijun , Lorenser Dirk , House Michael J. , Woodward Robert C. , St. Pierre Timothy , Fitzgerald Melinda , Dunlop Sarah A. , Sampson David D. , Iyer K. Swaminathan
Published: September 2014

Assessment of polymeric nanoparticles incorporating NaYF4:Yb,Er and Fe3O4 as multimodal imaging probes in vitro.
Sonochemical redox reactions of Pu(iii) and Pu(iv) in aqueous nitric solutions
Authors: Virot Matthieu , Venault Laurent , Moisy Philippe , Nikitenko Sergey I.
Published: September 2014

The 20 kHz sonication of aqueous nitric solutions generates active species which can further react with Pu(iv) and Pu(iii) ions.
Bioavailability, distribution and clearance of tracheally instilled, gavaged or injected cerium dioxide nanoparticles and ionic cerium
Authors: Molina Ramon M. , Konduru Nagarjun V. , Jimenez Renato J. , Pyrgiotakis Georgios , Demokritou Philip , Wohlleben Wendel , Brain Joseph D.
Published: September 2014

Nanoparticulate and ionic cerium is cleared slowly from the lungs. Bioavailability from the gut is far lower than from the lungs.
Simple top-down preparation of magnetic Bi0.9Gd0.1Fe1−xTixO3nanoparticles by ultrasonication of multiferroic bulk material
Authors: Basith M. A. , Ngo D.-T. , Quader A. , Rahman M. A. , Sinha B. L. , Ahmmad Bashir , Hirose Fumihiko , Mølhave K.
Published: September 2014

The M–H hysteresis loops of the synthesized nanoparticles exhibit a single-phase-like magnetization behaviour.
A pH-responsive amphiphilic supramolecular graft copolymer constructed by crown ether based molecular recognition
Authors: Jie Kecheng , Zhou Yujuan , Ji Xiaofan
Published: September 2014

Based on the bis(m-phenylene)-32-crown-10/paraquat molecular recognition motif in water, we have successfully prepared an amphiphilic supramolecular graft copolymer by the combination of modified hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) and hydrophobic polystyrene. It could self-assemble into pH-responsive bilayer vesicles in water.
Solution plasma exfoliation of graphene flakes from graphite electrodes
Authors: Lee Hoonseung , Bratescu Maria Antoaneta , Ueno Tomonaga , Saito Nagahiro
Published: September 2014

Proposed mechanisms for the bubble formation on the graphite electrodes discharged in distilled water.
Fabrication and properties of lightweight ZrB2and SiC-modified carbon bonded carbon fiber composites via polymeric precursor infiltration and pyrolysis
Authors: Xu Baosheng , Zhou Shanbao , Hong Changqing , Zhang Xinghong , Han Jiecai
Published: September 2014

The lightweight UHTC-modified CBCF composites were prepared by PIP using B and Zr polymeric precursor. The mechanical properties, thermo properties and oxidation behavior were studied. They are important considerations for potential use in thermal protection system applications.
Clay nanomaterial thin film electrodes for electrochemical energy storage applications
Authors: Fatnassi M. , Solterbeck C.-H. , Es-Souni M.
Published: September 2014

Smectite clays can be advantageously used as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications affording cost-effectiveness together with environmental friendliness.
Hierarchical silicon nanostructured arrays via metal-assisted chemical etching
Authors: Lin Hao , Fang Ming , Cheung Ho-Yuen , Xiu Fei , Yip SenPo , Wong Chun-Yuen , Ho Johnny C.
Published: September 2014

Hierarchically configured nanostructures, such as nanograss and nanowalls, have been fabricatedviaa low-cost approach that combines metal-assisted chemical etching (MaCE), nanosphere lithography and conventional photolithography.
Facile and large-scale synthesis of poly(m-phenylenediamine) nanobelts with high surface area and superior dye adsorption ability
Authors: Meng Yun , Zhang Liyuan , Chai Liyuan , Yu Wanting , Wang Ting , Dai Shuo , Wang Haiying
Published: September 2014

PmPD nanobelts with high adsorption performance have been synthesized by using CTAP as oxidants.
Curvature effect of SiC nanotubes and sheets for CO2capture and reduction
Authors: Zhang P. , Hou X. L. , Mi J. L. , Jiang Q. , Aslan H. , Dong M. D.
Published: September 2014

CO2adsorption and reduction on SiC nanomaterials display a curvature effect.
Redox- and pH-responsive polymer gels with reversible sol–gel transitions and self-healing properties
Authors: Zhang Ping , Deng Fengyang , Peng Ya , Chen Hongbiao , Gao Yong , Li Huaming
Published: September 2014

Redox- and pH-responsive polymer gel with self-healing property was prepared by crosslinking of benzhydrazide-containing polytriazole with a disulfide-containing dialdehyde.
Cascade reactions initiated by radical addition of tetrahydrofuran to β-bromonitrostyrenes
Authors: Ge Xin , Le Mai Hoang Kim , Leow Min Li , Liu Xue-Wei
Published: September 2014

Silver(i) catalyzed addition of THF radical to β-bromonitrostyrenes under mild basic condition in the presence of air has been developed.
Azopyridine-functionalized benzoxazine with Zn(ClO4)2form high-performance polybenzoxazine stabilized through metal–ligand coordination
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Gamal , Su Wei-Chen , Lin Yung-Chih , Wang Chih-Feng , Chen Jem-Kun , Jeong Kwang-Un , Kuo Shiao-Wei
Published: September 2014

Azopyridine-functionalized benzoxazine (PBZ) was prepared and then blended with zinc ion through metal–ligand coordination to form a high performance polybenzoxazine after thermal curing.
Electrochemical lithium storage of a ZnFe2O4/graphene nanocomposite as an anode material for rechargeable lithium ion batteries
Authors: Rai Alok Kumar , Kim Sungjin , Gim Jihyeon , Alfaruqi Muhammad Hilmy , Mathew Vinod , Kim Jaekook
Published: September 2014

A graphene-based ZnFe2O4nanocomposite synthesized using urea-assisted auto combustion synthesis shows improved electrode performance probably due to strong bonding and hence improved intrinsic conductivity of ZnFe2O4.
A new highly sensitive phosphor for carbon ion dosimetry
Authors: Kore Bhushan P. , Dhoble N. S. , Lochab S. P. , Dhoble S. J.
Published: September 2014

Dy3+-doped CaMg3(SO4)4 (CMS) phosphor was prepared by the acid distillation method and examined in detail with a thermoluminescence (TL) study whereby the phosphor was irradiated with γ-rays and a carbon ion beam.
Fabrication of magnetic amino-functionalized nanoparticles for S-arylation of heterocyclic thiols
Authors: Liu Yanhong , Zhou Lincheng , Hui Xinping , Dong Zhenwen , Zhu Hao , Shao Yanming , Li Yanfeng
Published: September 2014

The aminosilane coupling agent and polyethylene imine-600 were loaded onto magnetic nanoparticles to obtain magnetic nanoligands (MNLs) A, B, C and D.
A novel regrowth method to simply prepare Li-doped ZnO nanorods and improve their photoluminescence properties
Authors: Nam Giwoong , Kim Byunggu , Park Youngbin , Lee Cheoleon , Park Seonhee , Moon Jiyun , Leem Jae-Young
Published: September 2014

In this study, we report the fabrication of sol–gel prepared ZnO nanorods through the use of vapor-confined face-to-face annealing (VC-FTFA) in which mica was inserted between two films, followed by annealing using the FTFA method.
Highly efficient single fluorescent probe for multiple amine vapours via reaction between amine and aldehyde/dioxaborolane
Authors: Fu Yanyan , Gao Yixun , Chen Lei , He Qingguo , Zhu Defeng , Cao Huimin , Cheng Jiangong
Published: September 2014

A fluorescent probe with multiple reactive groups which can detect vapours of different primary amines and secondary amines simultaneously with fast response in seconds and high sensitivity at ppt–ppm levels was realized.
Nitrate uptake by p-phosphonic acid or p-(trimethylammonium)methyl calix[8]arene stablized laminar materials
Authors: Eggers Paul K. , Eroglu Ela , Becker Thomas , Chen Xianjue , Vimalanathan Kasturi , Stubbs Keith A. , Smith Steven M. , Raston Colin L.
Published: September 2014

Graphite, BN, MoS2 and WS2 are exfoliated and stablized in water with positively or negatively charged non-toxic calix[8]arenes. All 2D materials adsorb nitrate from waste effluent, precipitating once nitrate is bound, and can be regenerated.
Enantioselective oxidation of sulfides with H2O2 catalyzed by a pre-formed manganese complex
Authors: Dai Wen , Li Guosong , Wang Lianyue , Chen Bo , Shang Sensen , Lv Ying , Gao Shuang
Published: September 2014

A facile and environmentally friendly method is presented for the asymmetric oxidation of sulfides with H2O2 by an in situ-formed manganese complex, affording the corresponding chiral sulfoxides in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities.
Rechargeable organic lithium-ion batteries using electron-deficient benzoquinones as positive-electrode materials with high discharge voltages
Authors: Yokoji Takato , Matsubara Hiroshi , Satoh Masaharu
Published: September 2014

Electron-deficient benzoquinones bearing perfluoroalkyl groups were examined as cathode active materials in rechargeable batteries. The cells afforded higher discharge voltages than those using electron-rich benzoquinones.
Reduced graphene oxide decorated with CuO–ZnO hetero-junctions: towards high selective gas-sensing property to acetone
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhu Junwu , Liang Shiming , Bi Huiping , Han Qiaofeng , Liu Xiaoheng , Wang Xin
Published: September 2014

The CuO–ZnO/rGO ternary composite is successfully prepared, in which valid p–n junctions exist between CuO and ZnO nanoparticles with the aid of rGO sheets. The presence of p–n junctions enables such a composite to possess outstanding sensing properties to acetone.
Silica–PEG gel immobilization of mammalian cells
Authors: Reátegui Eduardo , Kasinkas Lisa , Kniesz Katrina , Lefebvre Molly A. , Aksan Alptekin
Published: September 2014

In this study, human foreskin fibroblasts and mouse embryonic fibroblasts were encapsulated in mechanically reversible, THEOS and THEOS–PEG gels that completely immobilized them restricting their motility, growth and proliferation.
Enzyme-catalyzed in situ forming gelatin hydrogels as bioactive wound dressings: effects of fibroblast delivery on wound healing efficacy
Authors: Lee Yunki , Bae Jin Woo , Lee Jin Woo , Suh Wonhee , Park Ki Dong
Published: September 2014

Wound treatment using injectable or sprayable fibroblast-encapsulated GH-hydrogels.
Polymerisable squaramide receptors for anion binding and sensing
Authors: Manesiotis P. , Riley A. , Bollen B.
Published: September 2014

Polymerisable squaramide receptors used as functional monomers in the preparation of imprinted polymers exhibiting high affinity and selectivity for anions.
Adaptive predistorter using NLMS algorithm for nonlinear compensation in visible‐light communication system
Authors: Kim Jin Kwan , Hyun Kwangmin , Park Sang Kyu
Published: September 2014

A predistortion method using the adaptive normalised least mean square (NLMS) algorithm is proposed for the estimation of light‐emitting diode distortion. The light emission characteristic could change nonlinearly depending on conditions of the physical environment, such as temperature variation, which cannot be ignored, especially in the case of high‐power emissions. Instead of using the fixed values of the conventional memory look‐up‐table (LUT) for nonlinearity compensation, the proposed adaptive NLMS‐based predistorter immediately estimates the distortion change according to environmental changes. The simulation results show that the proposed method has better performance than the conventional predistorter employing an LUT.
Channel estimation with iterative discrete Fourier transform‐based smoothing for orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing systems with non‐uniformly spaced pilots in channels with long delay spread
Authors: You Shingchern D.
Published: September 2014

An orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) system with non‐uniformly spaced pilots, such as worldwide interoperability for microwave access, voids virtually all discrete Fourier transform (DFT)‐based interpolation methods for channel estimation, because they all require pilots to be uniformly spaced. Therefore, we propose two iterative algorithms to solve this problem. In the proposed algorithms, the inverse discrete Fourier transform and DFT are iteratively used to smooth the channel frequency response estimated by linear interpolation (LI) or other means. To be complete, we also propose a method to truncate the channel impulse response for the proposed algorithms. The simulation results show that the proposed approach has much lower mean square error in a long delay channel than the LI method has, and it also outperforms a decision‐directed approach at high speed and/or lower signal‐to‐noise ratio environments. Overall, the proposed approach is a promising approach for channels with long delay spread in an OFDM system with non‐uniformly spaced pilots.
Connection‐graph‐based event‐triggered output consensus in multi‐agent systems with time‐varying couplings
Authors: Zhang Xu , Chen Maoyin , Wang Ling , Pang Zhonghua , Zhou Donghua
Published: September 2014

Event‐triggered strategies are effective to update local controllers in multi‐agent systems (MASs) at necessary discrete times. Based on graph theoretical reasoning, the authors study the distributed event‐triggered output consensus in MASs with time‐varying couplings. Graph theoretical reasoning provides us a Lyapunov function that fully utilises the properties of a graph such as the path between two arbitrary agents. With this function, the updating of local output‐feedback controllers is determined by connection‐graph‐based state‐dependent or time‐dependent event functions. Interesting enough, the proposed event‐triggered schemes can also be effectively extended to non‐linear MASs with time‐varying couplings. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations verify the main results.
Entropy maximisation histogram modification scheme for image enhancement
Authors: Wei Zhao , Lidong Huang , Jun Wang , Zebin Sun
Published: September 2014

Contrast enhancement plays an important role in image processing applications. The global histogram equalisation (GHE)‐based techniques are very popular for their simpleness. In the author's study, the authors originally divide the GHE techniques into two steps, that is, the pixel populations mergence (PPM) step and the grey‐levels distribution (GLD) step. In the PPM step, the pixel populations of adjoining grey scales to be mapped to the same grey scale are merged firstly in input histogram. Then, the new grey scales are redistributed according to a corresponding transformation function in the GLD step. This division is meaningful because the entropy of enhanced image is only determined by pixel populations regardless of grey levels. Then, they prove the entropy of enhanced image is reduced because of mergence. Inspired by GHE, they propose a novel entropy maximisation histogram modiﬁcation scheme, which also consists of PPM and GLD steps. However, the entropy is maximised, that is, the reduction of entropy is minimised under originally presented entropy maximisation rule in their PPM step. In the GLD step, they redistribute the grey scales in the merged histogram using a log‐based distribution function to control the enhancement level. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed method is effective.
Harmonic analysis based hourly solar radiation forecasting model
Authors: Fidan Mehmet , Hocaoğlu Fatih Onur , Gerek Ömer Nezih
Published: September 2014

In this study, a novel two‐step hourly solar radiation modelling procedure is developed. In the first step, hourly solar radiation data of a single day is considered and its periodic Fourier series coefficients are calculated. The first nine Fourier series coefficients are considered to accurately render the data. Among these nine coefficients, the yearly variations of the first two coefficients exhibit relatively large magnitudes and therefore are mathematically modelled. In the second step, various NN models are built to predict the solar behaviour using the Fourier model and the past data. The network inputs are the solar radiation data belonging to early sunrise hours of each day, and the model generated values of first two Fourier series coefficients. The NN outputs are the differences between actual and model values of first two Fourier series coefficients, together with the actual values of the following seven Fourier series coefficients. The NN models are trained and tested using different simulation parameters. Comparative results of the models are discussed in detail on hourly solar radiation data obtained from Izmir region of Turkey. It was observed that, once the model is constructed, it is possible to explain the behaviour of the solar radiation data in any day just by using the solar radiation data obtained early in the morning.