bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the performance evaluation of Cu-Cr tool fabricated by powder metallurgy during electrical discharge machining of EN9 steel
Authors: Shard Abhinav , Garg Mohinder Pal , Gupta Vishal
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the machining characteristics of electrical discharge machining (EDM) when a tool is fabricated using powder metallurgy. Because pure Cu tools obtained using conventional machining pose problems of high tool wear rate, tool oxidation causes loss of characteristics in tool shape.

Design/methodology/approach

The research investigation carried out experiments planned through Taguchi’s robust design of experiments and used analysis of variance (ANOVA) to carry out statistical analysis.

Findings

It has been found that copper and chromium electrodes give less metal removal rate as compared to the pure Cu tool. Analytical outcomes of ANOVA demonstrated that MRR is notably affected by the variable’s polarity, peak current, pulse on time and electrode type in the machining of EN9 steel with EDM, whereas the variables pulse on time, gap voltage and electrode type have a significant influence on EWR. Furthermore, the process also showed that the use of powder metallurgy tool effectively reduces the value of SR of the machined surface as well as the tool wear rate. The investigation exhibited the possibility of the use of powder metallurgy electrodes to upgrade the machining efficiency of EDM process.

Research limitations/implications

There is no major limitation or implication of this study. However, the composition of the powders used in powder metallurgy for the fabrication of tools needs to be precisely controlled with careful control of process variables during subsequent fabrication of electrodes.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the effectiveness of copper and chromium electrodes/tools fabricated by means of powder metallurgy in EDM of EN9 steel. The effectiveness of the tool is assessed in terms of productivity, as well as accuracy measures of MRR and surface roughness of the components in EDM machining.
Revolutionizing indoor emergency evacuation prediction with machine learning: A Hand‐searching technique and content analysis on Random Forest algorithm
Authors: Syed Abdul Rahman Syed Ahmad Fadhli , Abdul Maulud Khairul Nizam , Mazlan Muhammad Fadhli Mustaqim
Published: September 2023

Machine learning and emergency evacuation prediction share a meaningful association in the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era, given that machine learning can potentially enhance emergency evacuation prediction processes. Machine learning has the potential to revolutionise emergency evacuation prediction by providing a data‐driven approach that aids decision‐making and response time in emergencies. The complexity of emergency situations can lead to tragic accidents, as individual behaviour heavily influences evacuation time. While some researchers have explored emergency evacuation, existing computer evacuation models lack detailed analysis. To address this gap, this study focuses on reviewing the Random Forest algorithm, an advanced machine learning algorithm based on Decision Trees, in the application of forecasting emergency evacuation time. Through a qualitative research approach using the innovative Hand‐searching technique, we conducted a systematic review employing Content Analysis Theory. Multiple sources were examined, including Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia e‐Journal System. The study's findings shed light on the performance, prediction factors, advantages, and limitations of Random Forest in identifying impacts during an emergency evacuation. These insights hold significant implications for emergency responders, building designers, and policymakers.
Impact of rural settings on the interpersonal and personal processes associated with young people supporting a peer who experienced a traumatic event
Authors: Dolan Erin , Cosgrave Catherine , Killackey Eóin , Allott Kelly
Published: September 2023

Introduction

There is limited research into informal support processes amongst young people supporting a peer through a traumatic event and how this process occurs specifically within a rural setting.

Objective

The aim of this research was to understand how the contextual environment impacts on the personal and interpersonal processes of rural‐based young people supporting a peer who experienced a traumatic event.

Design

Qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 young people (aged 14–19), who resided in Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. A substantive theory was developed using Charmaz's (1) Constructivist grounded theory methodology.

Findings

Young people who shared responsibility for supporting their peer went back to life as normal and felt connected to their community, whereas young people who maintained sole responsibility, experienced mental health problems, disconnected from their community and felt like an outsider. The contextual environmental factors (i.e., service accessibility, limited transport, and internet blackspots) impacted both negatively and positively on young people's ability to provide support as well as influenced whether they felt safe share responsibility.

Discussion

This theory implies that providing pathways to reconnecting with place and community, are essential in guiding young people back to their foundations of support.

Conclusion

Integrating these insights can create new service models in rural areas, whilst also creating opportunities to form healthy foundations of support.
Defence against the intergenerational cost of reproduction in males: oxidative shielding of the germline
Authors: Birch Graham , Meniri Magali , Cant Michael A. , Blount Jonathan D.
Published: September 2023

Reproduction is expected to carry an oxidative cost, yet in many species breeders appear to sustain lower levels of oxidative damage compared to non‐breeders. This paradox may be explained by considering the intergenerational costs of reproduction. Specifically, a reduction in oxidative damage upon transitioning to a reproductive state may represent a pre‐emptive shielding strategy to protect the next generation from intergenerational oxidative damage (IOD) – known as the oxidative shielding hypothesis. Males may be particularly likely to transmit IOD, because sperm are highly susceptible to oxidative damage. Yet, the possibility of male‐mediated IOD remains largely uninvestigated. Here, we present a conceptual and methodological framework to assess intergenerational costs of reproduction and oxidative shielding of the germline in males. We discuss variance in reproductive costs and expected payoffs of oxidative shielding according to species' life histories, and the expected impact on offspring fitness. Oxidative shielding presents an opportunity to incorporate intergenerational effects into the advancing field of life‐history evolution.
The fossil record of freshwater Gastropoda – a global review
Authors: Neubauer Thomas A.
Published: September 2023

Gastropoda are an exceptionally successful group with a rich and diverse fossil record. They have conquered land and freshwater habitats multiple times independently and have dispersed across the entire globe. Since they are important constituents of fossil assemblages, they are often used for palaeoecological reconstruction, biostratigraphic correlations, and as model groups to study morphological and taxonomic evolution. While marine faunas and their evolution have been a common subject of study, the freshwater component of the fossil record has attracted much less attention, and a global overview is lacking. Here, I review the fossil record of freshwater gastropods on a global scale, ranging from their origins in the late Palaeozoic to the Pleistocene. As compiled here, the global fossil record of freshwater Gastropoda includes 5182 species in 490 genera, 44 families, and 12 superfamilies over a total of ~340 million years. Following a slow and poorly known start in the late Palaeozoic, diversity slowly increased during the Mesozoic. Diversity culminated in an all‐time high in the Neogene, relating to diversification in numerous long‐lived (ancient) lakes in Europe. I summarise well‐documented and hypothesised freshwater colonisation events and compare the patterns found in freshwater gastropods to those in land snails. Furthermore, I discuss potential preservation and sampling biases, as well as the main drivers underlying species diversification in fresh water on a larger scale. In that context, I particularly highlight the importance of long‐lived lakes as islands and archives of evolution and expand a well‐known concept in ecology and evolution to a broader spectrum: scale‐independent ecological opportunity.
Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment in oral health settings: A scoping review
Authors: Zerden Lisa D.S. , Guan Ting , Burgess‐Flowers Jamie L.
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is an effective evidence‐based model to provide early intervention and treatment to people with substance use disorders across diverse health settings. Yet, how SBIRT has been implemented within oral health settings and its associated outcomes has not been explored. This scoping review assessed how SBIRT has been implemented in oral health settings in the U.S. and discusses the implications for SBIRT integration in dentistry and oral health research, education and practice.

Methods

Five scholarly databases were searched using a scoping review methodology for relevant literature, yielding seven articles that met inclusion criteria.

Results

Findings from seven U.S. studies show that SBIRT has been implemented into oral health settings in three distinct ways: through education/training, as an intervention and in one national survey. Findings of this scoping review support the inclusion of SBIRT education for oral health professionals in both practice and clinical environments and offer examples of existing models for future implementation and study.

Conclusions

The scant literature on SBIRT intervention effects in dental settings—both within and outside of the U.S.—underscores the need for more empirical work to better understand how SBIRT impacts dental providers' knowledge, practices, referrals and ultimately, patient outcomes.
Quambalaria eucalypti found on Eucalyptus in Indonesia
Authors: Tarigan Marthin , Wingfield Michael J. , Marpaung Yosep M. A. N. , Durán Alvaro , Pham Nam Q.
Published: September 2023

The Eucalyptus plantation industry in Indonesia has expanded rapidly during the last few decades. During routine nursery disease surveys, symptoms of a leaf and shoot blight disease were detected on Eucalyptus mother plants. Isolates were obtained from symptomatic tissues and identified using DNA sequence analyses. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the isolates were those of Quambalaria eucalypti. Pathogenicity tests were conducted with isolates of Q. eucalypti on clones of E. pellita and E. grandis × E. pellita hybrids. These resulted in symptoms similar to those observed on naturally infected plants. Eucalyptus genotypes tested showed variation in their susceptibility, highlighting the potential to select and breed for resistance and thus to manage future outbreaks of the disease. This is the first report of the pathogen in Indonesia as well as in Southeast Asia.
Detection of epileptic seizure events using pre‐trained convolutional neural network, VGGNet and ResNet
Authors: Thara D. K. , Premasudha B. G. , Krivic Senka
Published: September 2023

Epilepsy is a life threatening neurological disorder. The person with epilepsy suffers from recurrent seizures. Sudden emission of electrical signal in the nerves of the human brain is called seizure event. The most widely used method for diagnosing epilepsy is analysing electroencephalogram signals in short called as EEG signals collected from the scalp of the patient. The EEG data are normally used for seizure detection. If the recurrent seizure signals are detected in the input EEG dataset, then it can be considered as the presence of epilepsy disorder. Manual inspection of seizure signals in the EEG data is a laborious process. An automated system is very crucial for the neurologists to identify seizures. In this paper, an automated seizure detection method is presented using deep learning method, pre‐trained convolutional neural network architecture. Freely available EEG dataset from Temple University Hospital database is used for the study. The pre‐trained CNN networks, VGGNet and ResNet are used for classifying the seizure activities from non‐seizure activities. CNNs are extremely good in learning the features of the input data. A very large dataset from TUH is provided as input to the multiple layers of CNN model. The same data is fed to VGGNet and ResNet models. The results of CNN, VGGNet and ResNet models are assessed using performance metrics accuracy, AUC, precision and recall. All the three models gave extremely good performance compared to state‐of‐the‐art works in the literature. In comparison VGGNet performed with little higher results giving 97% accuracy, 96% AUC, 97% precision and 79% recall.
Environmental Controls and Geomorphic Importance of a High‐Magnitude/Low‐Frequency Snow Avalanche Event in Bødalen, Nordfjord, Western Norway
Authors: Laute Katja , Beylich Achim A.
Published: September 2023

Snow avalanches are common phenomena in western Norway. During the winter–spring period 2011/2012 an extreme snow avalanche occurred within the upper valley part of a steep and glacier‐connected mountain catchment (Bødalen) in western Norway. Compared with annually occurring regular snow avalanches, so‐called ‘extreme snow avalanche events’ are more difficult to monitor and to study as they are characterized by recurrence intervals often longer than a decade. Morphometric and meteorological controls of a high‐magnitude/low‐frequency snow avalanche event, its geomorphic effects as well as its related relative role in mass transport compared with the annually monitored snow avalanche activity within the Bødalen catchment were explored. Maximum values of snow height, velocity and pressure were predicted by applying a numerical run‐out simulation. The formation of this snow avalanche resulted from the combination of extraordinary meteorological conditions and a favourable morphometric setting of the source area. The snow avalanche path covered a total distance of 2900 m, including a stretch of 850 m where the snow avalanche slid downwards on top of the Bødalsbreen outlet glacier. Within the run‐out zone, directly located in front of the Bødalen outlet glacier, 2032 stones with b‐axes >5 cm were remobilized which corresponds to a total transferred debris mass of 460 t. Compared with annually occurring snow avalanches within the Bødalen drainage basin the relative importance of extreme‐sized snow avalanches is comparably low with respect to direct erosion and sediment transfer along rockwalls at higher slope areas. However, extreme‐sized snow avalanches play a significant role with respect to the remobilization of debris/sediment at lower slope areas as well as to down‐valley transport of sediment, including recognizable transfers of debris into the main stream channels of the drainage basin system whenever extreme snow avalanches reach the main channel.
Determination of low‐temperature stress during the vegetative stage as a tool to predict plant yield in rice genotypes with contrasting tolerance levels
Authors: Michelini María Carolina , Gazquez Ayelén , Checovich Mariana Leonela , Tamayo Andy Salazar , Maiale Santiago Javier , Menéndez Ana Bernardina , Rodríguez Andrés Alberto
Published: September 2023

In this study, the first aim was to develop a rapid and non‐destructive method for analysing rice genotypes' tolerance to low temperatures (LT) during the seedling stage. Using a growth parameter and a physiological parameter, a discriminant formula was developed to differentiate between tolerant and sensitive genotypes based on their LT tolerance score. The study identified several benefits of the discriminant formula, including its low classification error rate, scalability, and ability to be used in controlled and reduced environments. Additionally, a second study was conducted, which found a strong correlation between the LT tolerance score during the seedling stage and plant yield at the ripening stage in plants grown under field LT during the vegetative stage. Panicle weight was the main mediator of the effect of the LT tolerance score on plant yield, but the number of panicles per plant also played a role. Overall, the results suggest that the LT tolerance score can serve as an indirect selection factor for plants for both LT tolerance and plant yield. This is especially relevant for rice‐growing regions with temperate climates and LT at the beginning of the cultivation season.
Interplay of diet and sympatry in the morphological evolution of noctilionoid bats
Authors: López‐Aguirre Camilo , Ratcliffe John M. , Silcox Mary T.
Published: September 2023

Aim

The remarkable ecomorphological diversity of the bat superfamily Noctilionoidea is the result of a diet‐mediated adaptive radiation. Stemming from a putatively insectivorous ancestor, noctilionoid bats diversified to adapt to the widest range of dietary ecologies among mammals. The high concentration of noctilionoid diversity in the Neotropics raises the question as to whether competitive ecological interactions influenced their diversification. However, patterns of morphological diversification along gradients of coexistence in Noctilionoidea are understudied. Here, we assessed the effect of dietary adaptations on patterns of morphological divergence associated with coexistence in noctilionoid bats.

Location

The Americas and the Caribbean.

Taxon

Bat superfamily Noctilionoidea.

Methods

Using a set of five dental morphological traits and a sample of 108 species, we quantified morphological distances between noctilionoid species pairs to reveal patterns of morphological divergence along gradients of range overlap and dietary similarity. We incorporate phylogenetic information to control for the effects of species' relatedness on morphological distances.

Results

Overall, we found a significant association between morphological divergence, coexistence and diet. Decomposing the correlation between morphological divergence and sympatry across dietary groups, our results revealed distinctive patterns consistent with both character convergence and divergence. Specifically, we found evidence of character convergence in herbivorous species and character divergence in omnivorous species.

Main Conclusions

Our results indicate that the morphological diversification of noctilionoid bats followed parallel evolutionary trajectories of directional (both divergent and stabilising) and nonselective evolution linked to dietary adaptations.
Therapeutic effects of medicinal plants and their constituents on lung cancer, in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence
Authors: Memarzia Arghavan , Saadat Saeideh , Asgharzadeh Fereshteh , Behrouz Sepide , Folkerts Gert , Boskabady Mohammad Hossein
Published: September 2023

The most common type of cancer in the world is lung cancer. Traditional treatments have an important role in cancer therapy. In the present review, the most recent findings on the effects of medicinal plants and their constituents or natural products (NP) in treating lung cancer are discussed. Empirical studies until the end of March 2022 were searched using the appropriate keywords through the databases PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. The extracts and essential oils tested were all shown to effect lung cancer by several mechanisms including decreased tumour weight and volume, cell viability and modulation of cytokine. Some plant constituents increased expression of apoptotic proteins, the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase and subG0/G1 phase, and Cyt c levels. Also, natural products (NP) activate apoptotic pathways in lung cancer cell including p‐JNK, Akt/mTOR, PI3/ AKT\ and Bax, Bcl2, but suppressed AXL phosphorylation. Plant‐derived substances altered the cell morphology, reduced cell migration and metastasis, oxidative marker production, p‐eIF2α and GRP78, IgG, IgM levels and reduced leukocyte counts, LDH, GGT, 5′NT and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Therefore, medicinal plant extracts and their constituents could have promising therapeutic value for lung cancer, especially if used in combination with ordinary anti‐cancer drugs.
Conditional knockout of ITGB4 in bronchial epithelial cells directs bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Chen Yu , Jiang Wang , Wang Jin‐Mei , Ma Xiao‐Di , Wu Di , Liu Le‐Xin , Ji Ming , Qu Xiang‐Ping , Liu Chi , Liu Hui‐Jun , Qin Xiao‐Qun , Xiang Yang
Published: September 2023

Neonatal respiratory system disease is closely associated with embryonic lung development. Our group found that integrin β4 (ITGB4) is downregulated in the airway epithelium of asthma patients. Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory illness in childhood. Therefore, we suspect whether the deletion of ITGB4 would affect fetal lung development. In this study, we characterized the role of ITGB4 deficiency in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). ITGB4 was conditionally knocked out in CCSP‐rtTA, Tet‐O‐Cre and ITGB4f/f triple transgenic mice. Lung tissues at different developmental stages were collected for experimental detection and transcriptome sequencing. The effects of ITGB4 deficiency on lung branching morphogenesis were observed by fetal mouse lung explant culture. Deleting ITGB4 from the airway epithelial cells results in enlargement of alveolar airspaces, inhibition of branching, the abnormal structure of epithelium cells and the impairment of cilia growth during lung development. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the airway epithelial cilia of the β4ccsp.cre group appear to be sparse, shortened and lodging. Lung‐development‐relevant factors such as SftpC and SOX2 significantly decreased both mRNA and protein levels. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that multiple ontogenesis‐regulating‐relevant pathways converge to FAK. Accordingly, ITGB4 deletion decreased phospho‐FAK, phospho‐GSK3β and SOX2 levels, and the correspondingly contrary consequence was detected after treatment with GSK3β agonist (wortmannin). Airway branching defect of β4ccsp.cre mice lung explants was also partly recovered after wortmannin treatment. Airway epithelial‐specific deletion of ITGB4 contributes to lung developmental defect, which could be achieved through the FAK/GSK3β/SOX2 signal pathway.
Development of a machine learning multiclass screening tool for periodontal health status based on non‐clinical parameters and salivary biomarkers
Authors: Deng Ke , Zonta Francesco , Yang Huan , Pelekos George , Tonetti Maurizio S.
Published: September 2023

Aim

To develop a multiclass non‐clinical screening tool for periodontal disease and assess its accuracy for differentiating periodontal health, gingivitis and different stages of periodontitis.

Materials and Methods

A cross‐sectional diagnostic study on a convenience sample of 408 consecutive subjects was conducted by applying three non‐clinical index tests estimating different features of the periodontal health–disease spectrum: a self‐administered questionnaire, an oral rinse activated matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (aMMP‐8) point‐of‐care test (POCT) and determination of gingival bleeding on brushing (GBoB). Full‐mouth periodontal examination was the reference standard. The periodontal diagnosis was made on the basis of the 2017 classification of periodontal diseases and conditions. Logistic regression and random forest (RF) analyses were performed to predict various periodontal diagnoses, and the accuracy measures were assessed.

Results

Four‐hundred and eight subjects were enrolled in this study, including those with periodontal health (16.2%), gingivitis (15.2%) and stage I (15.9%), stage II (15.9%), stage III (29.7%) and stage IV (7.1%) periodontitis. Nine predictors, namely ‘gum disease’ (Q1), ‘a rating of gum/teeth health’ (Q2), ‘tooth cleaning’ (Q3a), the symptom of ‘loose teeth’ (Q4), ‘use of floss’ (Q7), aMMP‐8 POCT, self‐reported GBoB, haemoglobin and age, resulted in high levels of accuracy in the RF classifier. High accuracy (area under the ROC curve > 0.94) was observed for the discrimination of three (health, gingivitis and periodontitis) and six classes (health, gingivitis, stages I, II, III and IV periodontitis). Confusion matrices showed that the misclassification of a periodontitis case as health or gingivitis was less than 1%–2%.

Conclusions

Machine learning‐based classifiers, such as RF analyses, are promising tools for multiclass assessment of periodontal health and disease in a non‐clinical setting. Results need to be externally validated in appropriately sized independent samples (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03928080).
The interaction of mental health and race and ethnicity in juvenile justice placement decisions
Authors: Margherio Samantha M. , Schmidt Adam T. , Boekankamp Danielle , Espinosa Erin M.
Published: September 2023

We investigated the interaction of mental health needs and race and ethnicity on juvenile justice placement decisions. Mental health diagnoses and placement decisions were collected for a large (n = 9765) sample of justice‐involved youth in the state of Texas from 2007 to 2008. Analyses revealed Black and Hispanic youth were overrepresented in secure facilities, although race and ethnicity were not predictive of disposition decisions beyond legal variables. Substance use interacted with race and ethnicity such that Black and Hispanic youth with substance use diagnoses were less likely than non‐Hispanic White youth to be placed in secure settings. Youth with internalizing or externalizing mental health diagnoses received similar placement decisions regardless of race or ethnicity. Findings are in contrast to prior investigations of the interaction of race/ethnicity and mental health needs on placement decisions, perhaps due to the use of mental health diagnoses in the current study rather than other indicators of mental health need. Future research should investigate potential bias present within psychosocial evaluations and resulting mental health diagnoses within the juvenile justice system to inform their utility in the placement decision‐making process, and how these social identities interact to influence each step along the juvenile justice system pathway to identify potential points of biased decision making that may compound the adverse effects of juvenile justice system involvement for youth.
Examining the implications of early adolescent attachment on out‐of‐home placement and family courts
Authors: Miller Adrienne
Published: September 2023

Few scholars have examined early adolescent attachment in child welfare, where placement is a necessary but forced attachment disruption. The purpose of this nonexperimental quantitative study was to examine the responses of 18‐ to 24‐year‐olds (n = 83) who had been in out‐of‐home care, comparing early adolescent versus non‐early adolescent placement, placement setting, and sibling accessibility on attachment. Results showed early adolescents were almost half as likely to be securely attached postplacement than other age ranges and the importance of family‐like placements and maintaining peer relationships.
Efficient CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing in sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis)
Authors: Lin Zhelong , Chen Lei , Tang Shanjie , Zhao Mengjie , Li Tong , You Jia , You Changqing , Li Boshu , Zhao Qinghua , Zhang Dongmei , Wang Jianli , Shen Zhongbao , Song Xianwei , Zhang Shuaibin , Cao Xiaofeng
Published: September 2023

The lack of genome editing platforms has hampered efforts to study and improve forage crops that can be grown on lands not suited to other crops. Here, we established efficient Agrobacterium‐mediated clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) genome editing in a perennial, stress‐tolerant forage grass, sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis). By screening for active single‐guide RNAs (sgRNAs), accessions that regenerate well, suitable Agrobacterium strains, and optimal culture media, and co‐expressing the morphogenic factor TaWOX5, we achieved 11% transformation and 5.83% editing efficiency in sheepgrass. Knocking out Teosinte Branched1 (TB1) significantly increased tiller number and biomass. This study opens avenues for studying gene function and breeding in sheepgrass.
Psychological distress and convergence of own and proxy health‐related quality of life in carers of adults with an intellectual disability
Authors: Rudra S. , Ali A. , Powell J. M. , Hastings R. P. , Totsika V.
Published: September 2023

Background

In adults with an intellectual disability, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is often measured by proxy report. This cross‐sectional study investigated whether the mental health of proxy raters impacts the way they rate HRQoL.

Methods

In this study, 110 carers of adults with an intellectual disability completed measures of psychological distress (Kessler‐6) and HRQoL (EQ‐5D‐3L) about their own HRQoL and that of the care recipient. Differences between HRQoL scores as rated by the carer about themselves and the care recipient were calculated (convergence scores) and multiple regression models were fitted to estimate the association between proxy psychological distress and convergence scores for subjective/objective HRQoL controlling for support needs of the care recipient, carer age and gender of care recipient.

Results

There was a significant association between psychological distress and subjective HRQoL convergence scores (r = .92; P = 0.03; 95%; CI: −1.76 to −0.09). There was no association between psychological distress and objective HRQoL convergence scores (r = .01; CI −0.02 to 0.001; P = 0.08). The association between psychological distress and HRQoL scores was no longer present when models did not include convergence scores.

Conclusions

Carers experiencing more psychological distress tended to rate their own and the care recipients' subjective HRQoL more similarly. Objective HRQoL measures did not show this convergence in scores with increasing carer psychological distress. Findings differed when the analysis approach was changed, suggesting the results above require replication in future studies.
Outcomes of trauma‐informed care on the psychological health of women experiencing intimate partner violence: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chu Yi‐Chin , Wang Hsiu‐Hung , Chou Fan‐Hao , Hsu Yi‐Fen , Liao Kuei‐Lin
Published: September 2023

Accessible Summary

What is known on the subject?

Women are more likely to experience intimate partner violence (IPV) than men; 19.2%–69.0% of women have experienced IPV, and the percentage is increasing.

Survivors of IPV suffer from physical, psychological, social and reproductive health problems and numerous adverse health consequences such as post‐traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety. These are considered IPV comorbidities, especially among women.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

This study reviews and reinforces existing scientific knowledge regarding the application of trauma‐informed care (TIC), including intervention content or type, frequency, duration of session and length.

This study focused on the effects of TIC. Furthermore, it examines short‐term (3 months) and medium‐term (6 months) outcome effects, which are more significant for clinical practice.

What are the implications for practice?

Development of a standardized protocol to address specific needs for TIC in IPV care settings.

Among multidisciplinary teams, nurses are the ideal professionals to support women experiencing IPV. They can understand their traumatic experiences better, improve their therapeutic relationships and engage patients in collaborative care.

Introduction

Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety are considered intimate partner violence (IPV) comorbidities, especially among women. Trauma‐informed care (TIC) is the most common element of IPV care.

Aim

This study analysed the short‐term (3 months) and medium‐term (6 months) outcomes of TIC on PTSD, depression and anxiety in women experiencing IPV.

Method

The Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines were followed, and databases were searched from their inception to September 2022.

Results

Thirteen randomized controlled trials included 850 women randomly assigned to the TIC and usual care groups. Overall, TIC showed a superior psychological health‐improving effect. Depression and anxiety significantly improved after treatment and at three and 6 months. No difference was observed in PTSD between the two groups at 3 and 6 months.

Discussion

The growing evidence demonstrates that the lack of IPV intervention effects reported by reviews may be due to the attributes of PTSD, heterogeneity of TIC intervention design and components of TIC. Therefore, its clinical efficacy remains inconclusive.

Implications for Practice

We analysed studies by stratifying intervention frequencies of once or twice a week. Regardless of the intervention frequency, length and design, PTSD decreased immediately after the TIC intervention. However, a significant difference in depression was observed after a TIC intervention of above 9 weeks.
Accessing feminism
Authors: Bunce Becca
Published: September 2023

Access is a feminist issue. The role of access is critical to ensure the perspective of disabled women is heard, and ensuring disabled women gain power. Becca Bunce looks at ways the feminist movement at large can move away from the current negative framing of disability in the UK, and support campaigns for access and inclusion to help ensure the realisation of equality for disabled women.
Childhood poisonings: Effects of ambiguous product characteristics on preschool children's categorization of household chemicals
Authors: Bosshart Noah , Bearth Angela , Wermelinger Stephanie , Daum Moritz M. , Siegrist Michael
Published: September 2023

This study investigated preschool children's categorization and risk perception of products with ambiguous product characteristics (e.g., food‐like packaging). These characteristics make it difficult for preschool children to categorize household chemicals correctly. This, therefore, increases the risk of unintentional poisoning. We hypothesized that ambiguity arises from different product characteristics, such as the type of packaging, the products’ scent, or the packaging's color and transparency. In four behavioral tasks, N = 108 preschool children (M = 43 months, SD = 3) categorized different products and household chemicals with various types of packaging, colors, and scents. Individually wrapped dishwasher tablets were more likely to be categorized as edible than unwrapped ones. Furthermore, children who had interacted with any type of dishwasher tablet in the last 6 months performed better in identifying dishwasher tablets, regardless of packaging type. Household chemicals with a fruity scent were more likely to be categorized as drinkable than those with a chlorine scent. Finally, the children considered black bottles more dangerous and preferred them less than bottles of a different color. In contrast, bottle transparency generally did not seem to affect risk perception and preference. These findings confirm that ambiguous product characteristics influence children's categorization of unknown products and, thus, their risk perception and decision‐making. Manufacturers and caregivers are advised to reduce the ambiguity of household chemicals by designing more neutral product packaging and choosing products with more neutral elements, respectively.
Exploring and contextualizing the associations among political identification, vaccine risk and benefit perceptions, and vaccine acceptance
Authors: Chen Nien‐Tsu Nancy
Published: September 2023

There is considerable research on the influence of political partisanship on vaccine acceptance. However, the current study is one of the first to investigate how political identification is related to risk and benefit perceptions vis‐à‐vis vaccines. Based on survey data collected in the United States regarding four different vaccines at three points in time (n = 383 for April–June 2012; n = 364 for March 2020; n = 334 for April–May 2020), Democrats were found to have more positive attitudes toward vaccinations in general and hold more favorable risk and benefit perceptions of pandemic and routine vaccines overall compared to Republicans. However, the onset of a pandemic can serve as an equalizing force and motivate similar risk and benefit perceptions across party lines, but this force can wane quickly when the information environment is politicized. For political partisans who are ideologically oriented to be more hesitant toward vaccines, two conditions can help sustain their favorable vaccine perceptions during a pandemic: (a) when they identify with the governing political party, and (b) when there are consistent reassurances of vaccine safety and effectiveness from their partisan leadership. Given that risk and benefit perceptions were found to be consistently associated with vaccine acceptance across contexts in this study, communication aimed at encouraging vaccinations should always address the risks and benefits of a vaccine in ways that are tailored for individuals with different political affiliations.
Accuracy of respiratory gas variables, substrate, and energy use from 15 CPET systems during simulated and human exercise
Authors: Van Hooren Bas , Souren Tjeu , Bongers Bart C.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Various systems are available for cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), but their accuracy remains largely unexplored. We evaluate the accuracy of 15 popular CPET systems to assess respiratory variables, substrate use, and energy expenditure during simulated exercise. Cross‐comparisons were also performed during human cycling experiments (i.e., verification of simulation findings), and between‐session reliability was assessed for a subset of systems.

Methods

A metabolic simulator was used to simulate breath‐by‐breath gas exchange, and the values measured by each system (minute ventilation [V̇E], breathing frequency [BF], oxygen uptake [V̇O2], carbon dioxide production [V̇CO2], respiratory exchange ratio [RER], energy from carbs and fats, and total energy expenditure) were compared to the simulated values to assess the accuracy. The following manufacturers (system) were assessed: COSMED (Quark CPET, K5), Cortex (MetaLyzer 3B, MetaMax 3B), Vyaire (Vyntus CPX, Oxycon Pro), Maastricht Instruments (Omnical), MGC Diagnostics (Ergocard Clinical, Ergocard Pro, Ultima), Ganshorn/Schiller (PowerCube Ergo), Geratherm (Ergostik), VO2master (VO2masterPro), PNOĒ (PNOĒ), and Calibre Biometrics (Calibre).

Results

Absolute percentage errors during the simulations ranged from 1.15%–44.3% for V̇E, 1.05–3.79% for BF, 1.10%–13.3% for V̇O2, 1.07%–18.3% for V̇CO2, 0.62%–14.8% for RER, 5.52%–99.0% for Kcal from carbs, 5.13%–133% for Kcal from fats, and 0.59%–12.1% for total energy expenditure. Between‐session variation ranged from 0.86%–21.0% for V̇O2 and 1.14%–20.2% for V̇CO2, respectively.

Conclusion

The error of respiratory gas variables, substrate, and energy use differed substantially between systems, with only a few systems demonstrating a consistent acceptable error. We extensively discuss the implications of our findings for clinicians, researchers and other CPET users.
Quality improvement review of O positive blood in emergency transfusion
Authors: Chowdhury Rakin , Williams Bronwyn A. , Williams Sue , Casey John
Published: September 2023

Background

We recently introduced a policy to use O positive red cells in emergency transfusions for males >16 years of age and females >50 years of age. Here, we investigate changes in emergency transfusion practice and rates of red cell alloimmunization with the use of O positive blood for emergency transfusion.

Study Design and Methods

State‐wide retrospective review of emergency transfusions between June 2020 and June 2021. The laboratory information system and patient medical records were used to collect demographic details, indications for transfusion, usage of O positive and O negative blood and rates of alloimmunization.

Results

There were 2354 red cell units transfused to 1013 patients (male = 59%, average age = 53 years) during the 12‐month period. O positive units accounted for 46.9% (1103 units) of emergency transfusions. However, 726 (30.8%) O negative units were transfused to patients without a mandatory indication for O negative blood. Twenty‐eight patients (2.9%) had a red cell alloantibody prior to transfusion including anti‐E (n = 10), anti‐D (n = 4), and anti‐K (n = 4). One patient with prior anti‐D had mild delayed hemolysis. There were 19 patients (4.3%, median follow‐up 22 days) who developed a red cell alloantibody after emergency transfusion and include anti‐E (n = 10), anti‐D (n = 7), and anti‐C (n = 5).

Discussion

The use of O positive blood for emergency transfusion has saved 1103 O negative red cell units with no detriment to patient outcome. There remains potential to optimize use of O positive blood in emergency transfusion and to understand red cell alloimmunization rates in a prospective fashion.
The Conventional Progressive: Sonata Strategies In Berwald's Sinfonie Singulière
Authors: Tarrant Christopher
Published: September 2023

This analysis of the first movement of Berwald's Third Symphony (Sinfonie Singulière) of 1845 incorporates elements of Hepokoski and Darcy's Sonata Theory as well as Caplin's theory of formal functions. At the same time, it stresses the importance of galant precedent at
both the formal and syntactical levels by drawing on Robert O. Gjerdingen's study of galant style. By contextualizing this movement within contemporaneous practice, this reading provides a historically situated corrective to our current understanding of Berwald's music while also focusing
long-overdue attention on this marginalized composer. The movement, which is in dialogue with Type-2 logic, can usefully be interpreted as an alternative response to the creative challenge of large-scale form. The analysis contrib utes to the discourse on sonata typologies and seeks to question
the prevailing narrative that the Type-3 paradigm was an evolution of the "primative" binary sonata forms. I posit that the innovative and original Type-2 sonata form problematizes and resists straight forward chronological narratives of historical progress in which the Type-3 sonata occu
pies a dominant position. This sets Berwald apart from his Nordic contemporaries, Gade and Svendsen, and positions him as an important and progressive mid-century voice.
Design Considerations for the Dimensional Synthesis of Cylindrical Developable Mechanisms
Authors: Vennard Henry , Greenwood Jacob , Butler Jared
Published: September 2023

Developable mechanisms provide unparalleled compactness and deployability. This paper explores the kinematic behavior of developable mechanisms that conform to regular cylindrical surfaces. Design considerations that aid in the dimensional synthesis of these mechanisms are developed and demonstrated through case studies. The design implications, limitations, and opportunities associated with regular cylindrical developable mechanisms are discussed through the lens of both an analytical and graphical methods.
Exploiting the Kinematic Redundancy of a (6 + 3)-Degree-of-Freedom Parallel Manipulator to Produce Unlimited Rotation of the Platform
Authors: Yiğit Arda , Breton David , Gosselin Clément
Published: September 2023

Mechanical interference and singularities within the reachable workspace often restrict the orientational workspace of parallel robots. Introducing kinematic redundancy can alleviate this limitation. This paper discusses the possibility to produce unlimited rotation of the platform of a tripedal (6 + 3)-degree-of-freedom kinematically redundant parallel robot. The articulated platform of such a robot has three degrees of mobility. The platforms considered here are planar linkages that contain either revolute or prismatic joints. It is shown that at least two revolute joints are required to produce unlimited rotation with appropriate design and initial configuration, while the platforms with two prismatic joints cannot produce such rotations without crossing a singularity.
The loss of microbial autotoxin degradation functions is associated with the decline of beneficial bacterial agents induced by phenolic acids
Authors: Wang Baoying , Lin Yulan , Yu Wenhao , Xia Qing , Ali Ahmad , Wei Fugang , Dai Chuanchao , Zhang Jinbo , Cai Zucong , Zhao Jun
Published: September 2023

Continuous cultivation of medicinal plants can disrupt the rhizosphere’s microbial community. There is still a need to know about the beneficial bacterial community, their putative drivers, and the potential functions they may have. This study used different growth years of Sanqi ginseng (
Panax notoginseng
) with root rot to look at the beneficial microbial community structure, the function of microbial carbon source utilization, and the function of rhizosphere soil metabolism. The beneficial bacterial community changed and the relative abundance of beneficial agents was suppressed significantly with the successive Sanqi ginseng plantings. The carbon source utilization capacity and diversity increased significantly, whereas three autotoxin degradation-related pathways (biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides, and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism) were downregulated considerably with planting year extended. The changes in the beneficial agents were driven by the shifts in phenolic acid profiles, and the decline of beneficial microbes led to the loss of microbial autotoxin degradation functions. Overall, these results provide insight into beneficial microbes, microbial functions, phenolic acids, and their interactions, and these findings are essential for maintaining healthy and sustainable cultivation of Sanqi ginseng.

IMPORTANCE

Sanqi ginseng is a valuable perennial Chinese herb with various benefits for human health. However, continuous cultivation causes a high incidence of root rot disease, which leads to decreased yield and serious economic losses and ultimately impedes the sustainable development of Chinese medicine production. The significance of this study is to reveal the pattern of changes in beneficial bacteria and their related functions in root rot diseased rhizosphere with the successive planting years of Sanqi ginseng. This study found that the decline of beneficial bacterial agents mediated by phenolic acid profiles appears to be associated with the loss of microbial autotoxin degradation functions. This result may have new implications for deciphering the causes of Sanqi ginseng’s continuous cropping obstacles.
Supplemental Material: Lateral and vertical characteristics of floodplain sedimentary alternations in the lower Eocene Willwood Formation, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA
Authors: Wang Youwei , et al.
Published: September 2023

Supplemental Text S1: More detailed workflow about CV calculation. Supplemental Text S2: More detailed workflow about compensational timescale identification. Table S1: Geostatistical features of thicknesses of different floodplain sedimentary alternations. Figure S1: Example data distribution and schematic illustration of variogram components. Figure S2: An example showing how CV is calculated.