bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN MANGROVE (Rhizophora apiculata) ASAL PESISIR SUKADANA TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli (INHIBITION THE LEAF EXTRACT OF Rhizophora apiculata FROM THE SUKADANA COAST AGAINST Escherichia coli)
Authors: Wibowo Muhamad Agus , Sari Ninda Kumala , Ardiningsih Puji , Jayuska Afghani
Published: October 2023

Rhizophora apiculata is a plant that is widely found in mangrove forests in Sukadana subdistrict, and has the potential to inhibit of Escherichia coli. This research aims to determine the activity of R. apiculata which grows in the Sukadana mangrove forest in inhibiting E. coli. The leaves of R. apiculata were macerated with methanol solvent, partitioned into three fractions (n-hexane fraction, dichloromethane fraction, and methanol fraction), and tested for phytochemical screening. The results of phytochemical screening of R. apiculata leaves were positive for flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins. The potential of R. apiculata leaf samples in inhibiting bacterial growth was measured by the size of the clear zone in the antibacterial test with the agar well diffusion method that uses variations in concentration, namely 250 mg/mL, 125 mg/mL, and 62.5 mg/mL. Based on the research results, it is known that R. apiculata leaves can inhibit the growth of the test bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration for methanol extract of 250 mg/mL. The methanol and dichloromethane fractions had minimum inhibitory concentrations of 125 mg/mL and 250 mg/mL respectively, while the n-hexane fraction did not inhibit at all test concentrations. So it can be concluded that the leaves of R. apiculata have the potential as an alternative for antibacterial active compounds
Deep colour tuneability of heteroleptic Ir(III) complexes through second sphere coordination
Authors: Blight Barry , Balónová Barbora , Jones T. Harri , True Allison E. , Hetherington Sydney
Published: October 2023

Novel iridium (III) complexes with different systems of cyclo-metallating ligands bearing the general formula [Ir(C^N)2(N^N)] were synthesized, characterized and their photophysical properties measured. Incorporation of guanidine moieties into iridium complexes allows us to introduce a hydrogen-bonding array for the formation of self-assembled iridium hydrogenbonded systems. Through a series of UV-vis binding studies we demonstrated the host-guest chemistry of these systems display high levels of colour tuneability. The introduction of these hydrogen-bond modifications was also shown to have significant impacts on chromaticity, quantum yields and lifetimes with emphasis on energy transfer studies based on secondsphere coordination methodology.
Analysis of Berth Allocation Problems of Mainline and Feeder Vessels due to Ship Delays
Authors: He Baowei
Published: October 2023

With the development of the shipping industry, port terminals are becoming increasingly busy. As an essential resource at the front of the terminal, berths are responsible for connecting the seaside and landside of the port. The efficiency of loading and unloading operations depends very much on the berth allocation. However, due to certain events such as weather factors and ship failures, ships are often delayed in arriving at the port, which severely impacts the berth allocation plan. To effectively deal with the effects of ship delay on the berth allocation plan, this paper studies the berth allocation problem of mainline and feeder vessels, considering the impact of uncertainty.
Increasing Students' Understanding in Learning Hadith with the Direct Instruction Model in Class VII E MTs Walisongo Ngabar Putri
Authors: Faridhotul Mukarromah Hanny , Rohani Imam
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine how effective the direct instruction model is in improving the understanding of VII E grade students of MTs Wali Songo Ngabar Putri in Hadith subjects through the application of the direct instruction method or direct instruction method. The research subjects were class VII E MTs Wali Songo Putri Ngabar, totaling 24 female students.. This research is a classroom action research method (CAR) which consists of two cycles with the design of each cycle consisting of four stages, namely the first stage is planning, the second stage is acting (implementing), observing and the third stage is reflecting. Research data is obtained during action research until the final assessment of the action. The results showed that the results of the initial test after the action in the first cycle of 24 students there were 13 students (54.17%) declared complete, while for the other 11 students (45.83%) were declared incomplete. In the second cycle the number of students who completed as many as 20 students (83.3%), while the other 4 students had not completed (16.7%). Thus, it can be proven that the application of the direct instruction model in Hadith subjects for class VII E MTs Wali Songo Ngabar Putri about sneezing etiquette and yawning manners have a positive impact on increasing student understanding.
Türkiye’de Devletin Tarımda 100 Yıllık Örgütleniş Süreci ve Yakın Geleceğe İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: TAŞDOĞAN Bilgen
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin son yüzyılda tarım politikalarındaki dönüşüm ve/veya eğilimlerine değinilerek yakın gelecekteki tarımsal ticaret potansiyeli; iç ve dış ticaret hadleri üzerinden öngörülmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada 1961-2021 dönemine ait kırsal nüfusun toplam nüfusa oranı (RURPOPR), kişi başı tahıl üretim miktarı (PERPROCREAL), tarımsal dış ticaret haddi (AGDTH), tarım sektörünün hizmet sektörü göreli oranı (AGTOSER) ve tarım sektörünün sanayi sektörü göreli oranı (AGTOIND) olarak tanımlanan değişkenler ARMA, ARIMA ve ANN modelleri ile analiz edilmiş ve bir Hibrid Model kullanılarak söz konusu değişkenlerin 2028 yılına kadar eğilimleri hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre 2021-2028 döneminde kırsal nüfusun toplam nüfusa oranının azalmaya devam edeceği, iç ve dış ticaret hadlerinin ise tarım lehine döneceği öngörülmüştür. Son dönemde tarım ürünleri fiyatlarındaki artış nedeniyle ortaya çıkan tarım ticaret hadlerindeki iyileşmenin tarım üreticilerine de yansıması gerektiği ve günümüzde stratejik bir sektöre dönüşen tarım ve gıda sektörünün yeniden ayağa kaldırılabilmesi için bir fırsat dönemi ile karşılaşıldığı düşünülmektedir.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of Automatic Lathes Using the OEE and FMEA Methods
Authors: Maulana Muhammad Bagus , Widyaningrum Dzakiyah
Published: October 2023

UD AMJ Jaya Teknik is a manufacturing company that produces various kinds of construction products and spare parts, one of which is boshing products made using an automatic lathe. This research aims to identify the performance of automatic lathe machines to measure the productivity of automatic lathe machines using Overall Equipment Effectiveness and using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis method. Based on the advantages of OEE, further analysis is carried out to calculate the six big losses. The results obtained from the OEE calculation of 68.22%, this value does not meet the standard ideal OEE value of 85.00%. Meanwhile, the results of the six big loss calculations obtained large values and influenced the effectiveness of the lathe to be minimized, namely process defect loss, reduce speed loss, idling and minor stoppages, and setup and adjustment loss. For the results of the FMEA analysis, the largest RPN value was obtained, namely 336 for the Man factor, with the failure mode that occurred being workers who lacked focus and lack of experience. From the research results of the above calculations, it can be seen that the effectiveness of the UD AMJ Jaya Teknik workshop still needs to be improved, where UD AMJ Jaya Teknik can find out and take corrective action in aspects of machine maintenance and workforce awareness.
On conformally Killing vector fields on a 2-symmetric indecomposable Lorentzian manifold
Authors: Gnedko M. E. , Oskorbin D. N. , Rodionov E. D.
Published: October 2023

A natural generalization of Killing vector fields are conformally Killing vector fields which play an important role in the study of the group of conformal transformations of manifolds, Ricci flows on manifolds, and the theory of Ricci solitons. In this paper, we study conformally Killing vector fields on 2-symmetric indecomposable Lorentzian manifolds. It is established that the conformal factor of the conformal analogue of the Killing equation on them depends on the behavior of the Weyl tensor. In addition, in the case when the Weyl tensor is equal to zero, non-trivial examples of conformally Killing vector fields with a variable conformal factor are constructed using the Airy functions.
Topological Characterization of Hexagonal Network and Non-Kekulean Benzenoid Hydrocarbon
Authors: Kanj Hassan , Iqbal Hifza , Aftab Muhammad Haroon , Raza Hasnain , Jebreen Kamel , Sowaity Mohammed Issa
Published: October 2023

Graph theory has great deal of application in disciplines like biology, computer science, informatics, engineering, mathematics, social science, linguistics and medicine. Topological indices are created by labeling the chemical structure through numerical parameters. These notations link chemical compounds physicochemical features such as boiling temperature, stability, strain energy etc, to its molecular structure. Different topological features of chemical structure have been explored. One of the molecular graphs topological indices are the connection indices defined on the number of connection between vertices of distance two. In this work, we compute the first Zagreb connection index, second Zagreb connection index, and modified first Zagreb connection index for hexagonal network and non kekulean benzenoid hydrocarbon.
$J^2$-Hop Domination in Graphs: Properties and Connections with Other Parameters
Authors: Hassan Javier , Bakkang Alcyn R. , Sappari Amil-Shab S.
Published: October 2023

A subset $T=\{v_1, v_2, \cdots, v_m\}$ of vertices of an undirected graph $G$ is called a $J^2$-set if$N_G^2[v_i]\setminus N_G^2[v_j]\neq \varnothing$ for every $i\neq j$, where $i,j\in\{1, 2, \ldots, m\}$.A $J^2$-set is called a $J^2$-hop dominating in $G$ if for every $a\in V(G)\s T$, there exists $b\in T$ such that $d_G(a,b)=2$. The $J^2$-hop domination number of $G$, denoted by $\gamma_{J^2h}(G)$, is the maximum cardinality among all $J^2$-hop dominating sets in $G$. In this paper, we introduce this new parameter and wedetermine its connections with other known parameters in graph theory. We derive its bounds with respect to the order of a graph and other known parameters on a generalized graph, join and corona of two graphs. Moreover,we obtain exact values of the parameter for some special graphs and shadow graphs using the characterization results that are formulated in this study.
Numerical Solutions of Some Classes of Partial Differential Equations of Fractional Order
Authors: ALdarawi Iman , Maayah Banan , Aldabbas Eman , Abuteen Eman
Published: October 2023

This paper explores the solutions of certain fractional partial differential equations using two methods; the first method involves separation of variables, which is a common technique for solving partial differential equations. However, since many equations cannot be separated in this way, the tensor product of Banach spaces method is applied to find the atomic solutions. To solve the resulting ordinary differential equations, the reproducing Kernel Hilbert space method is used to find numerical solutions, which are then used to find the numerical solution of the partial differential equation. The residual errors indicate that this method is effective and powerful. In summary, this paper presents a study on the solutions of certain fractional partial differential equations using two methods and demonstrates the effectiveness of these methods in finding numerical solutions.
Integral Resonant Controller for Suppressing Car’s Oscillations and Eliminating its Inherent Jump Phenomenon
Authors: Kandil Ali , Hamed Y. S.
Published: October 2023

This work deals with modeling and controlling the oscillations of a horizontally-supported car under the effect of a nonlinear spring, a damper, and a harmonic excitation external force. The proposed controller is the integral resonant controller (IRC) which is a first order oscillator coupled the car via a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) and a servo-controlled linear actuator(SCLA). The multiple scales perturbation method is used to obtain an approximate solution and stability analyses are carried out. Based on the stability analysis, the optimum values of the controller parameters are recommended in this work for a better control operation. Several response curves are plotted for clarifying the concept of the proposed integral resonant control algorithm.A numerical simulation of the car’s motion is achieved by numerically integrating the model equations with the 4th order Rung-Kutta algorithm. The applied controller can treat the severe jumps in the oscillation amplitude where it is suppressed at different conditions of forward and backward sweeping of the amplitude and frequency of the external excitation force.
State of copulative function in patients after endovideosurgical adenomectomy.
Authors:   Saint Luke clinical hospital, state budgetary health institution of Saint-Petersburg, Popov S.V. ,   Saint-Petersburg,   Russia, Neymark A.I. ,   the Department of Urology and Andrology, Altai State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia; Barnaul, Russia, Neymark B.A. ,   the Department of Urology and Andrology, Altai State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia; Barnaul, Russia, Orlov I.N. ,   Saint Luke clinical hospital, state budgetary health institution of Saint-Petersburg; Saint-Petersburg; Russia, Topuzov T.M. ,   the Urology Department No1 City Centre Endoscopic Urology and New Technologies Clinical Hospital of St. Luke; Saint-Petersburg; Russia, Grin E.A. ,   the Urology Department No1 City Centre Endoscopic Urology and New Technologies Clinical Hospital of St. Luke; Saint-Petersburg; Russia, Sushina I.V. ,   the Urology Department No1 City Centre Endoscopic Urology and New Technologies Clinical Hospital of St. Luke; Saint-Petersburg; Russia, Malevich S.M. ,   urological department No1 of City. Centre Endoscopic Urology and New Technologies Clinical Hospital of St. Luke; Saint Petersburg, Russia, Tyumenev R.R. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Department of Urology; 47, Piskarevsky Ave., St. Petersburg, 195067, Russian Federation; Saint Petersburg, Russia, Orlov A.R. ,   I.P.Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is one of the most common diseases of elderly and senile men, for the treatment of which a large number of surgical methods of treatment have been developed, however, the dependence of the frequency of various disorders of copulative function on the type of surgical intervention is poorly reflected in the literature. Our study is devoted to assessing the effect of endovideosurgical adenomectomy on copulatory function. Materials and methods. The study involved 120 patients in whom copulatory function was assessed on the basis of IIEF-15, AMS and scale of evaluation of male copulatory function, bulbocavernosus reflex was also examined, performed actigraphy the content of total and free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin were determined. Patients were examined before surgery, 6 and 12 months after it. Results. A decrease in the frequency of erectile dysfunction was revealed 6 and 12 months after surgery. The frequency of retrograde ejaculation was lower compared to the preoperative value 12 months after surgery. Improvement of reflex and hormonal status in operated patients was noted. Conclusion. Endovideosurgical adenomectomy has a positive effect on the state of copulative function and hormonal background neuroreflex status in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, which is reflected in improving erectile function and reducing the frequency of retrograde ejaculation.
Evaluasi Kondisi Konsumsi Ikan Pada Masyarakat Kabupaten Bekasi Serta Strategi Peningkatannya
Authors:   Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, Tirta Septya Saka , Supriyono Eddy ,   Departemen Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, IPB University, Sulistyowati Lilik ,   Program Studi Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Terbuka
Published: October 2023

Kesadaran konsumsi ikan di kalangan masyarakat Bekasi masih dibawah rata-rata. Bagaimanapun ikan adalah makanan yang ekonomis, gampang ditemukan, dan bergizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola konsumsi ikan, menganalisis persepsi dan preferensi responden terhadap ikan, serta meningkatkan strategi konsumsi ikan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menganalisis data primer mengenai pola konsumsi ikan yang dipengaruhi oleh persepsi dan preferensi terhadap produk ikan melalui wawancara secara langsung terhadap 110 anggota rumah tangga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif, analisis logit, analisis kuantitatif dengan uji chi-square, analisis SWOT dan analisis Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Mengacu pada temuan penelitian tersebut, strategi peningkatan konsumsi ikan di Kabupaten Bekasi antara lain: 1) Memberikan pengetahuan kepada kelompok masyarakat perikanan tentang cara mengelola dan menangani GMP dengan benar melalui pelatihan atau peningkatan kesadaran, 2) Menerapkan sistem untuk menjamin kualitas produk ikan yang sehat dan aman melalui cara pengolahan yang steril sesuai standar GMP dan SOP, 3) Mempromosikan penerapan teknologi produksi dan penjualan yang lebih efektif melalui media periklanan yang ada, 4) Penyuluhan dan edukasi kepada nelayan, petani ikan dan UMKM pengolah ikan, 5) Mendorong hasil pengembangan teknologi pengolahan produk perikanan, khususnya produk yang tidak mempunyai nilai ekonomi.
Optimalisasi Edukasi Perilaku Konsumsi Berkelanjutan pada Anak Sekolah Dasar
Authors:   Mahasiswa Program Master Ilmu Keluarga dan Perkembangan Anak, Sekolah Pascasarjana IPB University, Fildzah Andini Putri , Noor Yuliati Lilik ,   Departemen Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, Fakultas Ekologi Manusia, IPB University
Published: October 2023

Peningkatan jumlah penduduk di Indonesia diiringi dengan semakin meningkatkan pemenuhan kebutuhan individu dalam kehidupannya. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan upaya untuk menjaga ketersediaan sumber daya alam bagi kehidupan. Adapun upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan sosialisasi guru di sekolah dasar tentang perilaku konsumsi berkelanjutan melalui pembelajaran buku tema pada beberapa mata pelajaran yang relevan. Proses belajar mengajar yang disampaikan oleh guru sudah cukup baik, akan tetapi sosialisasi guru ini belum mampu secara langsung mempengaruhi perilaku konsumsi berkelanjutan pada siswa. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan upaya bersama untuk optimalisasi edukasi pada anak sekolah sebagai generasi yang akan datang.
Gaya Penulisan Teks Baris pada Kendaraan Angkutan Barang
Authors: Almiana Atika , Burhanuddin  , Asyhar Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk dan fungsi teks baris pada kendaraan angkutan barang. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa tulisan berbentuk teks baris pada kendaraan angkutan barang. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data yaitu metode dokumentasi dan metode simak. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis padan intralingual dan padan ekstralingual. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada 23 data teks baris pada kendaraan angkutan barang yang telah dikumpulkan, ditemukan tiga gaya penulisan dalam bentuk teks baris, yaitu (1) bentuk quotes sebanyak 13 data, (2) wacana persuasif sebanyak 4 data, dan (3) bentuk perimaan sebanyak 6 data. Adapun fungsi teks baris yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu 5 fungsi bahasa yang terdiri dari (1) fungsi instrumental sebagai fungsi menyebabkan suatu peristiwa terjadi sebanyak 3 data, (2) fungsi regulasi sebagai fungsi pengaturan sebanyak 2 data, (3) fungsi pemerian untuk menunjukkan maksud dan tujuan tertentu sebanyak 6 data, (4) fungsi personal untuk mengekspresikan emosi tertentu sebanyak 1 data, dan (5) fungsi imajinatif sebagai bentuk kesenangan pribadi sebanyak 11 data.
Response of paddy area to price and Time elements A functional study
Authors:   Research Assitant, Faculty of Agricultural Economics, Tamilnaadu, S.R SUBRAMANIAN , V MEENAKSHISUNDARAM ,   Assitant Lecture in Agricultural Economics, Tamilnaadu
Published: October 2023

The principal focus of this study was to measure the influence of price and time elements on the area under paddy in Coimbatore district over a period of 21 years from 1940-41 to 1960-'61 and to empirically verify the hypothesis that peasants in less developed countries do not generally respond or respond very little or negatively to price movements. Similar studies were undertaken by Rajkrishna (1963) for the Punjab region. Coimbatore district was chosen for the study on account of the competing claims of commercial crops like Sugarcane and Cotton over food crops like paddy and millets due to industrialisation of the district. Moreover, since agriculture is a location bound industry the real alternatives faced by the farmers can be formulated and the relevant variables defined more appro- priately for a region than for an aggregate of heterogeneous regions.
The Effect of Micro-Nutrients on the Growth and Yield of Paddy (TKM. 6) with and without Green Leaf Manure
Authors:   Assitant Plant Physiology, Agricultural College And Research, Coimbatore 3, K.M PILLAT , K.K VADIVELU ,   Assitant Plant Physiology, Agricultural College And Research, Coimbatore 3, VASUDEVAN VINODINI ,   Assitant Plant Physiology, Agricultural College And Research, Coimbatore 3
Published: October 2023

In Madras State the rice crop is found to respond well with green manures and also with the application of major nutrient fertilizers. Recent studies on micronutrients in crop production have thrown conflicting results (Harrison et al, 1917; Joshi et al, 1952; Nagarajan et al, 1963; Lal et al, 1954; Narayanan el al, 1955; Raheja et al, 1959; Pillai, 1966) and in many cases no response to added micro- nutrient fertilizers was recorded (Datta et al, 1960). A study was therefore undertaken to assess the response of paddy TKM. 6 to micronutrient salts.
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate A Fertilizer to Paddy
Authors:   Assitant Paddy Breeding Station Coimbatore 3, B BALASUBRAMANIAM , T KALYANI KUTTY ,   Assitant Agronomist, Rice Scheme,Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, V SRINIVASAN ,   Paddy Specialist, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, K.M PALANISWAMY ,   Statistical Officer,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, G PURUSHOTHAMAN ,   Post Graduate Student Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore
Published: October 2023

Calcium ammonium nitrate is one of the new fertilizers manufactured on large scale in India. Chemically it is a homogenous mixture of ammonium nitrate with lime chiefly as calcium carbonate. It contains 20.5% nitrogen (half the quantity is in the nitrate form and the balance in the ammonical form) and 36% calcium carbonate. To assess the comparative efficacy of the new fertilizer with ammonium sulphate and uren, an experiment was conducted in different research stations of the State and the results obtained at Coimbatore are recorded in this paper.
Growth of Wheat and Gram Under Saline-Alkali Field Conditions
Authors:   Soil Scientist., University of Udaipur, K.V PALIWAL , B.S.R ANJANEYULU ,   Research Officer, Central Water and Power Commission New Delhi
Published: October 2023

Soluble salts above a critical limit produce harmful effects to plant growth. It may be either due to increased osmotic pressure of the soil solution or unavailability of water. Plant growth is also depressed when the soil is highly saturated with exchangeable sodium or by the toxicity of some specific ion like boron. The degree to which a plant can resist salinity, alkalinity or toxicity of boron is a characteristic property of a crop or its varieties. This property of the crop is generally kept in mind while selecting crops for growing under saline-alkali conditions. Salt tolerance property of crops has been found very useful in overcoming the hazardous effect of salts on plant growth and yield has been successfully utilised in managing arid and semiarid areas of western countries. Differences between species and varieties regarding salt tolerance have been reported by Ayers et al (1952), Richard (1954), Bernstein and Hayward (1958) and Hayward and Bernstein (1958). Similar information on agricultural crops in India is not available in relation to the severity and magnitude of the problem. Only recently some work on these lines has been reported by Desai et al (1957), Mehta and Desai (1959), Mehrotra and Gangwar (1964), Asana and Kale (1965) and Maliwal and Paliwal (1966). Most of the results on salt tolerance of crops are based on either germination or pot culture studies. It is, therefore, proposed to examine the effect of saline-alkali conditions on the growth of wheat and gram in the natural environment of the fields, and also to find out their limits of salinity, alkalinity and boron tolerance.
A Preliminary Study on the Relation Between Soil Nutrients and Yield of Irrigated Cambodia Cotton
Authors:   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, L MOHAMED GHOUSE , P MUTHUSWAMY ,   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003
Published: October 2023

Efforts to evolve a quantitative relationship between the final yield and growth factors were made from time to time by soil investi- gators. In Mitscherlich's equation log (A-Y)= log A-C (b + x) where A = maximum yield, Y = yield obtained when epsilon_{b} ^ * units of the nutrient are originally present in soil and 'x' units of it are added as fertilizers while 'C' is the efficiency factor of E * b' and ' x ^ * the soil growth factor 'b' was not analysed, but was calculated in terms of 'x' Spillman's modified equation X = A(1 - 10) also falls in the same line of conception.
Phytogametocidal action of F. W. 450 (Mendok) on the Characters of Madras Cambodia Uganda. 1. Cotton
Authors:   Assitant Cotton Specialist, Regional Reserach Station Kovilpatti, V.D GURUSWAMY RAJA
Published: October 2023

Exploitation of the phenomenon of hybrid vigour for increasing crop yield on a commercial scale is the most important step in agriculture. Technical difficulties like smallnes of flowers, laborious emasculation, hand pollination, and bagging have proved to be time consum- ing and increased the cost of hybrid seed production. Several methods have been suggested to overcome these difficulties and the use of male sterility as a possible measure was emphasized by Jain (1959). But, cytoplasmic genetic male sterility is not yet available in cotton to exploit successfully the hybrid vigour. Hence, a method for inducing a high degree of male sterility with a selective gametocide chemical assumes special importance. In recent years, several attempts have been made to induce male sterility by treating the cotton plants with a gametocide F. W. 450 or Mendok (Sodium 2, 3 dichloro- isobutyric acid) of different strengths. In this paper, the results on the effect of F. W. 450 spray on Madras Cambodia Uganda. 1. cotton, are presented and the possibility of inducing male sterility in breeding programmes is discussed.
A Preliminary Study on the Insect Fauna Feeding on Launce sp., an Obnoxious Weed, at Iehore with Special Reference to Lixocleonus incanus MSHI.
Authors:   Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Viswa Vidyala College of Agriculture Indore 452 001, R.R RAWAT , S.V DHAMDHERE ,   Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Viswa Vidyala College of Agriculture Indore 452 001
Published: October 2023

Koebele (1924) was the first who exploited the possibilities of control of weeds through insects as early as 1898. Very little work on the biological control of weeds seems to have been done in India. In this connection the work of Rao (1931) on Lantana weed, Ayyar (1931) prickly pears by Dactylopius indicus Green., and Dactylopius tomentosus (ckll) and Subramanyan (1964) on Lantana by Agromyza Lantana Froggot and successful introduction of Dactylopius ceylonicus (Indicus) Green from India to Australia against prickly pear (Rivett 1929) deserves special mention.
Effects of Stam F-34, Agroxone-3 and Spontox with and without cultural practices on the control of rice weeds
Authors:   Agricultural Research Institute, Sabour, Bihar, R.N THAKUR , S NEZAMUDDIN ,   Agricultural Research Institute, Sabour, Bihar, K.N ACARWAL ,   Agricultural Research Institute, Sabour, Bihar, N.N SHARMA ,   Agricultural Research Institute, Sabour, Bihar, M AKHTAR ,   Agricultural Research Institute, Sabour, Bihar
Published: October 2023

Results of earlier investigations on application of weedicides on rice crop indicate that post-emergence application of a number of 2, 4-D and M. C. P. A. derivatives have effectively controlled non-grass weeds and increased yield when applied five to six weeks after transplanting (Ryker, 1947; Vachhani and Chavdhari, 1955; Bhardwaj and Varma, 1959; Vachhani et. al., 1963; Sahu and Bhattacharya, 1964). However the dominant weed species infesting rice field in this region are mostly grasses. A newly introduced herbicide, Stam F-34 (3-4 dichloro- propionanilide) has been reported to offer a great promise of controlling both grasses and non-grasses, without injuring the rice crop (dewit, 1961; Van Rijn, 1963; Nair et. al., 1964; Smith, 1265; Mukhopadhyay, 1965). The present investigation was, therefore, planned to study the relative efficiency of different herbicide with and without interculturing in controlling the weeds associated with rice crop and their effects on the grain and straw yields.
Studies on the Control of the Castor Semilooper, Achaea janata Linn
Authors:   Assitant Lecture in Entomology,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, S CHELLIAH , M GOPALAN ,   Assitant Lecture in Entomology,Agricultural College  Madurai
Published: October 2023

Among the insect pests of castor plant, Ricinus communis L., the castor semilooper, Achaea janata L., is of major importance causing considerable damage to the crop. The first instar larva nibbles the epidermis of the leaves while the later instars completely defoliate the plants leaving only the veins. The full-grown caterpillar measures 55 mm. to 60 mm. in length and occurs in a wide variety of colour patterns. Field experiments on the control of this pest were conducted at the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore during 1964 and 1965 with news insecticides and their results are presented.
A study on the relationship between Nitrogen and Organic matter in Urban and Rural Composts
Authors:   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, R KRISHNAMURTHY , C RAMADOSS ,   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, K.M RAMANATHAN ,   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, BENNETT JEYASINGH ,   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, K.T NARASIMHAN ,   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003
Published: October 2023

In tropical and subtropical countries where the humus content of soils is poor due to to the high temperature and low moisture conditions, the problem of constantly replenishing the organic matter content to maintain the normal fertility of soil assumes greater importance. Besides improving the general tilth and moisture holding capacity of the soil, organic matter supplies nitrogen in a form which is not easily lost by rain, but at the same time becomes gradually available by a process of nitrification, Black and Goring (1953) have reported that the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents of organic materials are positively correlated. Ghosh (1959) has reported on the existence of a positive correlation between the organic matter and nitrogen contents in the compost produced by Municipalities of the Bihar State, from town-refuse and night-soil. He has also laid down that the calculated values of organic matter, obtained by multiplying the nitrogen values of compost samples by 17-7 were very proximate to those found experimentally. The present study was undertaken with a view to finding out whether any such correlation exists between organic matter and total nitrogen contents, on the one hand, between total nitrogen and organic carbon, and between organic matter and organic carbon in compost produced by Municipalities, Town Panchayats and panchyat unions of the Madras State, on the other. The results of the findings are reported below.
The role of Superior Cottons Certification Scheme in the marketing of improved varieties of Cotton in Madras State
Authors:   Gazattod Assitant to the Certification Officer, Rajapalayam, P.S CHANDRAMATHI , A NARASIMHAN ,   Certification Inspector, Rajapalayam
Published: October 2023

As a result of intensive research work, the chara Madras cottons has undergone enormous changes and is keeping pace with the increasing demands for the superior quality cottons of the textile industry. Thus the inferior short staple cottons that were in cultivation in 1930 to 1940 have been completely erased from the cotton map of Madras and in turn contributed to the development of textile industry and the connected subsidiary industries which added to the prosperity of the State. During the last four decades, the research workers were engaged in improving the quality of the irrigated cambodia and rainfed desi cottons by resorting to intensive plant breeding methods. To fall in line with the strides of cotton research, separate organisation for the supply of pure seeds of the above improved strains were also concurrently functioning in the State. Apart from the nucleus stock which was maintained at the breeders' plot, the onus of maintaining the purity of the different strains thereafter was vested with these seed multiplication and distribution centres. Bridging the gulf between cotton research worker and the actual cultivator, a separate cotton development wing is also functioning in the State. Apart from cotton research, multiplication, distribution and extension, the cotton improvement work in this State had extended its activities even to the marketing of the raw produce. The Superior Cotton Certification Scheme had been playing an important role for the past twelve years in maintaining the quality of the superior cottons right from the crop, upto the stage of marketing.
Droughts in the monsoon months of June to December at Coimbatore and their agricultural significance
Authors:   Department of Agricultural meteorology, Tamil Nadu agricultural university Coimbatore - 641 003, C BALASUBRAMANIAN
Published: October 2023

In the monsoon months of June to December two monsoons seasons are included. They are the South-west Monsoon season (June to September) and North-east Monsoon season (October to December). The possibi- lity of one of these two monsoons being favourable when the other one fails is not entirely ruled out (3). But the North-east Monsoon period is more well-defined and dependable for rains than that of the South-west Monsoon (1).. In the year 1963 sufficient soaking rains of the order of 1.50" were not received on any three or four consecutive days in the period 13th July to 23rd August in the South-west Monsoon season to take up the Adi pattam sowing of dry land cholam crop. Similarly in the month of October in the North-east Monsoon season in 1963 sufficient rains were not received to now dry land Karunganni Cotton crop. The net result was that the area under these two major dry land crops in and round about Coimbatore was considerably low in 1963, particularly in the case of cholam crop. To know as to whether similar agricultural failure of rains in the critical periods of both the monsoon seasons has occurred previously at Coimbatore, the daily rainfall data, collected in the Observatory, located at the Agricultural College and Research Institute in the period 1907 to 1963 (57 years) were compiled and critically examined with special reference to the occurrence of droughty weeks in general and spells of continuously droughty weeks of four and above in particular. If the rainfall in a week is equal to half the normal rainfall or less, then that week is considered as a week of drought'. Drought has great agri- cultural significance when it lasts for four or more consecutive weeks (2)
A Study on the chemical composition of compost produced by the local bodies of the Madras State during the Years 1960-1963
Authors:   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, C RAMADOSS , R KRISHNAMURTHY ,   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, BENNETT JEYASINGH ,   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, K.M RAMANATHAN ,   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, E.M BALAKRISHNAN ,   Research Assitant Soil Science, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,  Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

Compost manure, has, of late, assumed greater importance in Indian agriculture. Many notable advances have taken place in the field of composting ever since Hutchinson and Richards (1921) enunciated the scientific principles of composting. The Bangalore method of composting evolved by Acharya (1939) is adopted by the local bodies of the Madras State, with suitable modifications, for the preparation of compost manures. The urban compost scheme is in operation in the Madras State for the past six years and the local bodies, under this, are given incentive for compost production. To ensure good quality of compost, samples of compost are collected periodically from them and tested for their quality. Based on the quality of compost produced by the local bodies during the years 1960-'63 as judged from their total nitrogen and phosphoric acid contents, certain conclusions have been drawn. The results of the findings are presented in this paper.
Extension principles and practices as guide to Agricultural Production
Authors:   Cotton Development Officer Coimbatore, A RADHAKRISHNAN
Published: October 2023

Agriculture constitutes the basic industry in India and provides the means of livelihood to majority of the population. It is a key industry which strengthens the national economy and creates wealth. The entire country is fully conscious of the gap that continues to exist between the production and self-sufficiency, not only in food output but also in producing raw-materials for the development of the industries. Agriculture being the primary source for the development of the industry, significance is being given by assigning priorities in all our national and state plans. The food production and raw-material production are not keeping pace with the population growth as well as industrial advancement. In addition to keep pace, the country has to create exportable surplus to earn foreign exchange.
Co. 32. An improved rice strain in Thiruchengode samba
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, V SRINIVASAN , P ANNAMALAI ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

The new rice strain Co. 32 isolated from variety Thiruchengode samba will benefit an area of about 40,000 acres in Kalingarayan channel ayacut of Erode taluk, Lower Bhavani project area and parts of Salem district. It has medium grain and white rice with a duration of 135 days from sowing to harvest and is suitable for growing during August-December season. It has recorded an average grain yield of 1653 kg. per acre at Paddy Breeding Station, Coimbatore and 1840 kg. of grain per acre in the district trials. Besides it has also better outturn of rice in hulling recording 78.5 per cent of rice to paddy by weight with an increase of 3.5 per cent over ryots' bulk. It also possesses desirable cooking qualities with an expansion of 4.2 times by weight and 5.5 times by volume, on cooking.
Water Requirement of Rice Crop in Madras
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, J CHANDRA MOHAN
Published: October 2023

A brief review of the irrigation experiments on rice conducted in Madras Stato is prosented. These experiments dealt with four aspects of the water requirement of rice i.e., intensity, frequency and quantum of irrigation water and the duty of water for rice crop in project areas. Smaller quantities of water in shorter intervals have producod higher yields in rice than larger quantities in longer intervals. In general two inches of standing water always maintained in the field has given maximum yields.
Studies on Grasses with particular reference to their Winter Fodder Production in the Nilgiris
Authors:   Assitant Botanist,Soil Conservation Scheme, Ootachamund, S MADHAVA RAO , C RAMALINGAM ,   Assitant Botany,Soil Conservation Scheme, Ootachamund
Published: October 2023

Studies conducted on the Nilgiris on the different grasses with special reference to winter fodder production are reported in this article. Five grasses have been recommended as suitable for the purpose.
The Cotton Package Programme for the Summer Cambodia Tract of Madras State
Authors:   Assitant Cotton Development Officer Srivilliputhur, S.D PETER
Published: October 2023

The Government of India recommended the Package Programme for increasing the production of raw cotton in Madras State during 1962-63 and also offered to give additional help to the State for implementing the scheme in specified areas. It was however, recommended that the specified area should, as far as possible, have assured water supply for irrigation and that such areas should have well developed Co-operatives and Panchayat Institutions and be free from natural hazards, problems of drainage, salinity and susceptibility to floods. Based on this recommenda- tion, the Madras Government sanctioned the Cotton Package Scheme from 1-9-1962. This report presents the progress of work done in the Cotton Package Programme implemented in the 3,000 acres of summer Cambodia cotton in Tirunelveli and Ramanathapuram districts during 1963-64. The problems encountered in the actual implementation and the extent to which it was tackled are also discussed with some suggestions for future work.
Studies on a Catena in Coimbatore District II. Physical Properties
Authors:   Assitant Lecturer in Chemistry ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,  Coimbatore  641 003, P KANDASWAMY , G.V KOTHANDARAMAN ,   Assitant Lecturer in Chemistry ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,  Coimbatore  641 003, A DHANAPALAN MOSI ,   Lecturer in Chemistry ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,  Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

In the previous paper, the physical setting of the catena and morphological features of eight profiles dug in the catena have been presented. The physical properties and their inter-relationships are discussed in the present paper. The physical properties such as texture, true and apparent densities, maximum water-holding capacity, pore space and volume expansion on swelling show relationship not only to the chemical, physico- chemical and bio-chemical properties of soils but also among themselves. Such relationships are useful in characterising soils. When the relationship is highly significant, the soil property may be used to predict other properties.
Cashew cultivation in Madras State
Authors:   State Marketing Officer, Madras, K SRIRAMAN
Published: October 2023

In this paper, a comprehensive account of area, cultivation, production and marketing of cashew in Madras stato has been given with suggestions for further development of this crop. which is n dollar enrner for the nation.
Ammonium chloride and Urea as Fertilizer for Rice
Authors:   Paddy Specialist, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, V SRINIVASAN , K.M BALASUBRAMANIAN ,   Research Assitant, Faculty in Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

The results of the trials conducted at the Agricultural Research Stations, Aduthurai, Pattukottai and Thirurkuppam to study the efficacy of application of nitrogenous fortilizers in the form of ammonium sulphate, ammonium chlorido and urea are reported in this paper.
A comparative study of Clusterbeans (Cyamopsis tetragonalaba Taub) as grain and vegetable crop
Authors:   Post Graduate Student, Faculty of Plant Breeding and Genectics, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, S PREMSEKAR
Published: October 2023

A comparative study of clustorbeans as grain and vegetable crop undertaken at the Millots Breeding Station, Coimbatore and evaluation of different varieties made are discussed in this paper.
Studies on Anthracnose Disease of Dolichos lab-lab
Authors:   Assitant Mycologist, Regional Research Station Aduthurai, RAMAKRISHNAN LAKSHMI
Published: October 2023

Dolichos lab-lab var. typicus is affected by anthraenoso disonse caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Alomerella lindemuthianum). The infection was vory sovero on the pods, resulting in drying and shrivelling up of young pods and caused spotting on the mature pods, thus making them unfit for consumption. The intensity of infection varied in different varieties of D. lab-lab from 13% to 40%. As a prophylactic measuro, Dithane Z. 78 0.15% effectively controlled anthracnoso discaso of D. lab-lab.
The Biology of the Buprestid Leaf Miner, Trachys sp a new pest on Barleria cristala Linn
Authors:   Assitant Lecture in Entomology,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, B VASANTHARAJ DAVID , A.V RANGARAJAN ,   Assitant Entomology,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, P.S NARAYANASWAMY ,   Entomologist,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

The biology of a Buprostid-leaf miner, Trachys sp. (near virescens Korr.) noted for the first time as a post on Barleria cristata Linn. in South India is doscribed in this article.
Studies on Grain Shedding in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)
Authors:   Faculty of Plant Breeding and Genectics, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, K.K VIDYADHARAN , B.W.X PONNAIYA ,   Professor of Plant Breeding and Genectics, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003
Published: October 2023

The results gathered from a study of inheritance of shedding involving three strains of paddy viz., ADT. 16, Co. 13 and PTB. 10 are presented in this paper. The non shedding trait was observed to be dominant over shedding in F, and in the F a greater frequency of non-shedding segregates was noted.
A Survey on Sago in Salem District
Authors:   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, P SAVITHRI
Published: October 2023

A survey conducted by the author on Sago in Salem district of Madras State during a study tour is reported in this paper. The survey covered aspects on the history of development of the sago industry, techniques of manufacture, cost of production and marketing problems. Nearly 84% of the consumers' rupee is shared by the producer according to the survey.