bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Mutational Load Is Not Due to Synergistic Epistasis or Mutator Alleles in Mutation Accumulation Lines of Yeast
Authors: Jasmin Jean-Nicolas , Lenormand Thomas
Published: November 2015

Much of our knowledge about the fitness effects of new mutations has been gained from mutation accumulation (MA) experiments. Yet the fitness effect of single mutations is rarely measured in MA experiments. This raises several issues, notably for inferring epistasis for fitness. The acceleration of fitness decline in MA lines has been taken as evidence for synergistic epistasis, but establishing the role of epistasis requires measuring the fitness of genotypes carrying known numbers of mutations. Otherwise, accelerating fitness loss could be explained by increased genetic mutation rates. Here we segregated mutations accumulated over 4800 generations in haploid and diploid MA lines of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found no correspondence between an accelerated fitness decline and synergistic epistasis among deleterious mutations in haploid lines. Pairs of mutations showed no overall epistasis. Furthermore, several lines of evidence indicate that genetic mutation rates did not increase in the MA lines. Crucially, segregant fitness analyses revealed that MA accelerated in both haploid and diploid lines, even though the fitness of diploid lines was nearly constant during the MA experiment. This suggests that the accelerated fitness decline in haploids was caused by cryptic environmental factors that increased mutation rates in all lines during the last third of the lines’ transfers. In addition, we provide new estimates of deleterious mutation rates, including lethal mutations, and highlight that nearly all the mutational load we observed was due to one or two mutations having a large effect on fitness.
The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents
Authors: Rosenfield Robert L.
Published: November 2015

Consensus has recently been reached by international pediatric subspecialty societies that otherwise unexplained persistent hyperandrogenic anovulation using age- and stage-appropriate standards are appropriate diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescents. The purpose of this review is to summarize these recommendations and discuss their basis and implications. Anovulation is indicated by abnormal uterine bleeding, which exists when menstrual cycle length is outside the normal range or bleeding is excessive: cycles outside 19 to 90 days are always abnormal, and most are 21 to 45 days even during the first postmenarcheal year. Continued menstrual abnormality in a hyperandrogenic adolescent for 1 year prognosticates at least 50% risk of persistence. Hyperandrogenism is best indicated by persistent elevation of serum testosterone above adult norms as determined in a reliable reference laboratory. Because hyperandrogenemia documentation can be problematic, moderate-severe hirsutism constitutes clinical evidence of hyperandrogenism. Moderate-severe inflammatory acne vulgaris unresponsive to topical treatment is an indication to test for hyperandrogenemia. Treatment of PCOS is symptom-directed. Cyclic estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives are ordinarily the preferred first-line medical treatment because they reliably improve both the menstrual abnormality and hyperandrogenism. First-line treatment of the comorbidities of obesity and insulin resistance is lifestyle modification with calorie restriction and increased exercise. Metformin in conjunction with behavior modification is indicated for glucose intolerance. Although persistence of hyperandrogenic anovulation for ≥2 years ensures the distinction of PCOS from physiologic anovulation, early workup is advisable to make a provisional diagnosis so that combined oral contraceptive treatment, which will mask diagnosis by suppressing hyperandrogenemia, is not unnecessarily delayed.
Food Allergy in Infants With Atopic Dermatitis: Limitations of Food-Specific IgE Measurements
Authors: Spergel Jonathan M. , Boguniewicz Mark , Schneider Lynda , Hanifin Jon M. , Paller Amy S. , Eichenfield Lawrence F.
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Children with atopic dermatitis (AD) have a higher risk for development of food allergies. The objective of this study was to examine incidence of food allergy development in infants with AD and the predictive value of food-antigen–specific immunoglobulin E measurements.

METHODS:

This trial examined the long-term safety and efficacy of pimecrolimus cream 1% in >1000 infants (3–18 months) with mild-to-severe AD without a history of food allergy. Food allergy development was followed throughout a 36-month randomized double-blind phase followed by an open-label (OL) phase up to 33 months. Additionally, sIgE for cow’s milk, egg white, peanut, wheat, seafood mix, and soybean was measured by ImmunoCAP at baseline, end of the double-blind phase, and end of OL phase.

RESULTS:

By the end of the OL phase, 15.9% of infants with AD developed at least 1 food allergy; allergy to peanut was most common (6.6%), followed by cow’s milk (4.3%) and egg white (3.9%). Seafood, soybean, and wheat allergies were rare. Levels of sIgE for milk, egg, and peanut increased with severity of AD, as determined by Investigator’s Global Assessment score. We assigned sIgE decision points for the 6 foods and tested their ability to predict definite food allergy in this population. Positive predictive values for published and newly developed sIgE decision points were low (<0.6 for all values tested).

CONCLUSIONS:

In a large cohort of infants at risk for development of food allergy, sIgE levels were not clinically useful for predicting food allergy development.
Parasitic infections of two invasive fish species, the Caucasian dwarf goby and the Amur sleeper, in Hungary
Authors: Antal László , Székely Csaba , Molnár Kálmán
Published: November 2015

In recent years and decades, two new fish species, the Caucasian dwarf goby (Knipowitschia caucasica) and the Amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii) have become members of the Hungarian fish fauna. In a 14-month study on the parasite fauna of these species, the authors detected 11 parasite species in the Caucasian dwarf goby and 17 species in the Amur sleeper. All parasites found in dwarf goby belong to species commonly occurring also in native Hungarian fishes, but three species (Goussia obstinata, Gyrodactylus perccotti and Nippotaenia mogurndae) collected from the Amur sleeper are introduced species new for the Hungarian fauna.
Effects of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate and human chorionic gonadotropin on the formation of antral follicle-like structures by bovine cumulus—oocyte complexes
Authors: Ono Tetsushi , Takaoka Asako , Morita Yasuhiro , Do Lanh Thi Kim , Tanihara Fuminori , Taniguchi Masayasu , Otoi Takeshige
Published: November 2015

This study evaluated the effect of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophos-phate (dbcAMP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the formation of antral follicle-like structures (AFLSs) and on the meiotic status of bovine cumulus– oocyte complexes (COCs) embedded in collagen gel. Supplementation with dbcAMP increased the mean diameter of AFLSs during days 4–8 of culture compared with that of control COCs, irrespective of the concentration of dbcAMP used (0.5–2.0 mM). When the embedded COCs were cultured for 8 days with hCG, the diameters of AFLSs after 4 days of culture tended to be lower in the supplemented COCs than in the control COCs without hCG, irrespective of the concentration used (1–100 IU/mL). Supplementation with 10 IU/mL hCG increased the concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone but not progesterone and oestradiol in the culture medium after 4 days of culture. Almost all oocytes collected from AFLSs had resumed meiosis by the end of culture, irrespective of supplementation of dbcAMP and hCG. These results indicate that although dbcAMP had a positive effect on AFLS formation and development, supplementation with hCG was detrimental. Moreover, hCG supplementation did not influence the luteinisation of granulosa cells in the AFLS for 4 days after the start of culture.
Detection and partial genetic characterisation of a novel variant of Avian nephritis virus in Indian poultry flocks showing diverse clinical signs
Authors: Gowthaman Vasudevan , Singh Sambu Dhayal , Dhama Kuldeep , Barathidasan Rajamani , Srinivasan Palani , Saravanan Sellappan , Gopalakrishnamurthy Thippichettypalayam Ramasamy , Deb Rajib , Mathapati Basavaraj , Ramakrishnan Muthannan Andavar
Published: November 2015

Avian nephritis virus (ANV) infects poultry flocks worldwide, but no confirmed cases have been reported from India so far. In the current study, disease investigation was carried out in 21 broiler flocks at different parts of India with clinical signs of nephritis, uneven and stunted growth, diarrhoea, reduced body weight, and mortality up to 9.72%. Out of the 21 flocks screened, two were found positive for ANV in RT-PCR assay. BLAST analysis revealed that the ANV of Indian origin was closely related to ANV-1 strains reported from Japan, Hungary and China. However, comparison of a small portion (~12% of nucleotides, i.e. ~60 nts, common site for ANV-1 and ANV-3, position 2200–2260 of ORF 1a gene) of the Indian ANV sequence with ANV-3 sequences revealed 89–93% identities with different ANV-3 isolates. Phylogenetically, ANV-1 forms three clades, and the Indian ANV clustered under clade II. This study confirms the existence of ANV in Indian poultry flocks and is the first report on the molecular detection and genetic characterisation of ANV from India.
Long-distance dispersal of a sedentary Andean flycatcher species with a small geographic range, Ochthoeca piurae (Aves: Tyrannidae)
Authors: Baumann Matthew J. , Beckman Elizabeth J. , Bautista Emil , Witt Christopher C.
Published: November 2015

We report a Piura Chat-Tyrant (Ochthoeca piurae) ~300 km south of its known range. This record was unanticipated because the species is sedentary and restricted to a narrow eco-climatic zone in valleys of the dry western Andes of northwestern Peru. Southward dispersal would require crossing broad areas of unsuitable habitat. Riparian zones of the western Andes have been heavily impacted by humans over millennia. This observation suggests that native songbirds may be able to expand their distributions along the flanks of the Andes if woody vegetation is protected or restored.
Floristic List from a Caatinga Remnant in Poço Verde, Sergipe, Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Erivania Virtuoso Rodrigues , Prata Ana Paula Do Nascimento , Mello Anabel Aparecida de
Published: November 2015

A study of the vegetation in a 71,42 ha fragment of Caatinga in Poço Verde, state of Sergipe, was carried out, and the occurrence of 170 species, 129 genera and 46 botanical families was recorded. Fabaceae (25 spp.); Euphorbiaceae (16 spp.); Solanaceae (nine spp.); Poaceae (eight spp.); Malvaceae (seven spp.); and Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae, Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae (six spp.) were the most represented families, corresponding to 55.8% of the sampled flora. The genera which represented greater floristic richness were: Croton (eight spp.), Solanum (six spp.), Senna and Mimosa (four spp.). We found 39 species of trees, 47 of shrubs, 15 of lianas and 69 of herbs. Among the species found in the studied area, 10.2% are considered endemic to the Caatinga. Compared to other areas of Caatinga, the studied area is characterized by a dry and dense forest which has suffered a medium impact due to plant extraction, being found today in a natural state of regeneration.
Metazoan parasite fauna of two peacock-bass cichlid fish in Brazil
Authors: Yamada Fabio Hideki , Takemoto Ricardo Massato
Published: November 2015

A parasitological study of two freshwater cichlid fish of the genus Cichla (C. kelberi and C. piquiti) from six different aquatic ecosystems in Brazil was performed. Based on the survey, a checklist of the component community of the metazoan parasites of each of the two peacock-bass fish species was produced. Fish were collected from May 2009 to April 2011 in six Brazilian aquatic ecosystems using gillnets of different mesh sizes or angling using standardized effort. In total, six groups of parasites were collected: Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda, Copepoda and Branchiura. Among the groups of parasites found, nematodes presented the greatest number of species, with seven. The study lists new records of parasites in C. kelberi and C. piquiti, and new biogeography records of parasites in six different aquatic ecosystems in Brazil. The present paper collaborates with the study of conservation biology by adding new records of parasite species.
Fishes (Osteichthyes: Actinopterygii) from igarapés of the rio Acre basin, Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Claro-García Alexander , Vieira Lisandro Juno Soares , Jarduli Lucas Ribeiro , Abrahão Vitor Pimenta , Shibatta Oscar Akio
Published: November 2015

This study presents a list of species from igarapés tributaries of the rio Acre, Acre State, Brazil. Fish assemblages were sampled in October 2009, August and October 2010, using standard ichthyological gear, along fifteen sampling sites. A total of 11,395 specimens, distributed in 94 species, 24 families and six orders were collected. The most species-rich orders were Characiformes with 45 species (48.4%) and Siluriformes with 33 species (34.7%); from which Serrapinnus gr. microdon (22.4%), Otocinclus vittatus (20.4%), Phenacogaster pectinatus (10.9%), Brachychalcinus copei (5.8%) and Knodus sp. (5.3%) represented 64.8 % of the specimens captured. The species accumulation curve does not present a stabilization tendency, indicating that, additional sampling can increase the number of species. This study has a high importance for the knowledge of the rio Acre fish fauna composition and adds 52 new records of species to the fish fauna of the rio Purus.
Checklist of Crustacea parasitizing fishes from Brazil
Authors: Luque José L. , Vieira Fabiano M. , Takemoto Ricardo M. , Pavanelli Gilberto C. , Eiras Jorge C.
Published: November 2015

Here we provide a checklist of the crustacean species parasitizing both marine and freshwater fishes from Brazil. We list a total of 134 species of parasitic crustaceans associated with 205 species of fishes in Brazil. The data from this study added to the checklist of Copepoda in Brazilian fishes published in 2007 give a total of 251 species of parasitic crustaceans associated with 279 fish species currently known in Brazil. The majority of species of Crustacea listed as parasites of Brazilian fishes are Copepoda with 186 species registered. A total of 741 parasite-host associations were observed. Copepoda was the group with more host-parasite associations, totaling 419 associations. When comparing these data with those recorded for the fishes from other parasite hotspots of Neotropics (Mexico and Caribbean), it is possible to affirm that the fauna of parasitic crustaceans of Brazilian fishes is the richest in the region.
Monogenea (Platyhelminthes) parasites from the gills of Hoplias aff. malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) (Pisces: Erythrinidae) in the Upper Paraná River Floodplain, states of Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Graça Rodrigo J. da , Ueda Bruno H. , Oda Fabrício H. , Takemoto Ricardo M.
Published: November 2015

In this paper, nine species of Monogenea were recorded parasitizing the gills of Hoplias aff. malabaricus from the Upper Paraná River. The host were collected by gillnets in different regions to the Upper Paraná River Floodplain between March 2010 and March 2011. The parasites were quantified, fixed and preserved according with specialized literature. All hosts analyzed were parasitized by monogeneans. The monogeneans species were recorded Urocleidoides malabaricusi, U. cuiabai, U. eremitus, U. brasiliensis, Cosmetocleithrum bulbocirrus, Vancleaveus janauacaensis, Anacanthorus sp., Dactylogyridae gen. sp. and Dactylogyridae gen. 1. sp.
Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, Sphaenorhynchus prasinus Bokermann, 1973: First record of the genus and species for the State of Alagoas, Brazil
Authors: Silva Guilherme Ramos da , De Luna-Dias Cyro , Carvalho e Silva Sergio Potsch de
Published: November 2015

Sphaenorhynchus prasinus is a medium sized frog belonging to the genus. The geographic distribution comprises southeast and northeast of Brazil. Herein, we report for the first time the occurrence of Sphaenorhynchus prasinus and of the genus is the State of Alagoas.
Xylena czernilai Volynkin, 2011: New data on the distribution and description of female (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Volynkin Anton , Knyazevsity Svyatoslav
Published: November 2015

A poorly-known noctuid species Xylena czernilai Volynkin, 2011 is recorded from North-West Altai and East Sayan (Russian Federation, Southern Siberia: Altai Territory and Buryatia Republic). The new locations proved its wide distribution in the mountains of Southern Siberia. The female of the species is described for the first time.
Three new records of Pristimantis (Amphibia: Anura: Craugastoridae) for Brazil and a comment of the advertisement call of Pristimantis orcus
Authors: López-Rojas Jhon J. , Ramalho Werther Pereira , Susçuarana Monik Da Silveira , Souza Moisés Barbosa de
Published: November 2015

We report Pristimantis achuar, Pristimantis delius, and Pristimantis orcus as three new records from Brazil, extending their known geographic distributions from Ecuador, Colombia, and Perú. Additionally we comment on the vocalizations of Pristimantis orcus.
Cnemidophorus vacariensis Feltrim and Lema, 2000 (Squamata: Teiidae): A new record for the state of Paraná, southern Brazil
Authors: Filho Gilberto Alves de Souza
Published: November 2015

Cnemidophorus vacariensis (Teiidae) is endemic to southern Brazil, occurring in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná. In the state of Paraná, this species has only been recorded in the municipality of Candói, central-south region of the state. Herein, a new record of one individual of C. vacariensis is reported for the municipality of Tibagi, located in the central-eastern region of Paraná. This record represents the northern limit of distribution of the species.
First report of four characiform fishes (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) for Uruguay
Authors: Serra Wilson S. , Zarucki Matías , Duarte Alejandro , Burress Edward D. , Teixeira-de-Mello Franco , González-Bergonzoni Iván , Loureiro Marcelo
Published: November 2015

In this article the authors present the first report of four characiform fish species for Uruguay, extending their current distribution to the middle and lower Uruguay River basin: Astyanax saguazu Casciotta, Almirón and Azpelicueta, 2003; Hypobrycon poi Almirón, Casciotta, Azpelicueta and Cione, 2001; Leporinus amae Gody, 1980; Cyphocharax saladensis (Meinken, 1933). These species were previously recorded from either the upper Uruguay River, Patos-Merín lagoon system or Paraná River. Color pattern in life for A. saguazu and H. poi are described for the first time.
Occurence of Elaphoidella grandidieri (Guerne and Richard, 1893) (Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida) in Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Fuentes-Reines Juan M. , Roa Evelyn Zoppi de
Published: November 2015

The occurrence of Elaphoidella grandidieri (Guerne and Richard 1893) in Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia, is reported for the first time. The specimens are described and compared with literature data. The Colombian specimens are similar to those of previously described from Japanese populations, presenting strong spinulation of P2 exopod and absent inner seta on the first endopodal segment of P4. Nevertheless, this species presents some differences with the previous report. The present observations support the theory that Elaphoidella grandidieri might be a complex of species, reinforcing the necessity of a revision of the species.
First record of Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida Swainson, 1832) (Aves: Emberizidae) in Costa Rica
Authors: Aguilar Steven , Sánchez Julio E. , Martínez Daniel
Published: November 2015

We present the first record of the Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida) in Costa Rica. An adult bird was recorded ca. 900 Km south of its common wintering range. This represents the first record of the species for the country and for southern Central America.
Leopardus pajeros (Desmarest, 1816) (Carnivora: Felidae) in Northern Peru: first record for the department of Piura, at the Mangroves San Pedro de Vice, and geographic extention
Authors: García-Olaechea Álvaro , Chávez-Villavicencio César , Cova Jorge Novoa
Published: November 2015

On October 1st, 2006, at the Mangroves San Pedro de Vice –MSPV (Sechura, Piura - Peru) the first visual record of Leopardus pajeros was made in the southern part of the area (05°31’09” S, 80°53’28” W). Subsequently, between August and December of 2010, different tracks were recorded. On December 4th, 2010, the first photographic record was taken at the MSPV with two nights/trap, being the first record for Piura department, the westernmost coordinates, the lowest altitude above sea level (0 m), and the first associated with a wetland in Peru.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Nano-Graphite Oxide for Enzyme Free Detection of Cholesterol
Authors: Bhatia Vasuda , Singh Bhawana , Jain Vinod K.
Published: November 2015

Nano-graphite oxide has been synthesized from graphite flakes using modified Hummer’s method. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) data, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed functionalization of the synthesised nano-graphitic platelets with oxygenated bonds. Using thermal embedding technique for the fabrication of self-assembled films, electrodes of nano-graphite oxide have been fabricated for enzyme free detection of cholesterol electrochemically. The electrodes provided a linear response for the enzyme less detection in the range of 50mg/dl to 500mg/dl with a correlation coefﬁcient, R, of 0.99784 and sensitivity of 1.0587 µA/mg.
Biomimetic Ceramics and Composites
Authors: Calvert Paul
Published: November 2015

An obvious parallel of structure and function exists between a rhinoceros and a tank, and between a beetle shell and the skin of an aircraft. We can also draw comparisons at the microstructural level between these biological and synthetic materials. Significant differences also exist, however, and the rigid biological materials such as bone and shell have much to teach us. In particular, they are distinctly composite structures. Although they bear loads in much the same way as synthetic composites or ceramics, they have far more complex architectures.

The goal in considering the group of mineralized biological materials as described, for example, in the article by Fink et al. in this issue, and in devising modifications of them, which is the focus of this article and of Mann's, is to learn to devise arrangements of synthetic materials that work more efficiently than the homogeneous substances of simple composites that we use now. In addition to designing better microstructural arrangements we may also learn, again by analogy to the biological materials, how best to process these structures and how to recycle them after use.

Biological structural materials are optimized for their high strength- or stiffness-to-weight ratio. Achieving this in synthetic materials for nonbiological application, for example in cars and airplanes, would be of obvious value. Our own interest here has focused on cuticle and bone as models for our synthetic work. Another property of biomineralized materials, for example biological ceramics, is their increased toughness. In this case we will discuss tooth enamel mimicking.
The Eros and Tragedy of Peace in Whitehead’s Philosophy of Culture
Authors: Jackson Myron
Published: November 2015

One of the most intriguing and underappreciated aspects of Alfred North Whitehead’s philosophy is his treatment of peace as a civilizational aim of culture. The problem of peace is the subject in the final chapter of Whitehead’s Adventures of Ideas. It is considered along with the other four qualities of civilized societies, “Adventure, Art, Beauty, and Truth.” Although his analysis is driven by examples from Western and Christian history, respectively, the treatment of peace developed is not limited to this or any specific experiential epoch. Peace is a transcultural value, the “harmony of harmonies,” which lies at the heart or in the “nature of things.” Whitehead designates the permanence-flux contrast of peace in human life as a tension between the “dream of youth” and “harvest of tragedy.” Our lives give way to the dance of the possible and actual that both unites and divides us. This article explains how Whitehead attempts to argue for peace by way of “balanced intensity” in response to the triumphs and tribulations of life. Section one deals with the ways in which youth and eros symbolize possibility and orient us toward the possible. Tragedy, or the determination of the individual in its own subjective realization and the consequent nature it produces through the “unity of adventure,” is the focus of the second section. In section three, the erotic-tragic contrast is presented in relation to peace as an “intuition of permanence.” In conclusion, Whitehead’s humanism will be offered as a viable alternative against the modern belief of progress or the quest for worldly success, in which prosperity becomes antithetical to the achievement of peace given its propensity to evade or outrun tragedy.
A Theory of the “Rights” Concept
Authors: Montanye James
Published: November 2015

This essay examines the evolutionary development of the “rights” concept. It argues that the concept is both relatively recent and fundamentally economic rather than abstractly philosophical. The essay is unique, not only in its explication of the concept, but also in the use of ngram data (i.e., the changing relative frequency of published words and phrases) to visualize the correspondence between the evolving rights concept and growing aggregate prosperity.
Differences in Non‐Cognitive Factors Influencing the Academic Achievement of Medical and Nursing Students: Focusing on Achievement Goal Orientation and Self‐Regulated Learning
Authors: Park Eun A , Chun Kyung Hee
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in non-cognitive factors, specifically achievement goal orientation (AGO) and self-regulated learning (SRL), influencing the academic achievement (AC) of medical and nursing students. 186 students, including 110 medical students and 76 nursing students, completed a survey, which addressed the factors of AGO and SRL. There were significant differences in the factors that affected the academic achievement of medical and nursing students. Multiple regression revealed that the AC of medical students was significantly more affected by mastery-approach AGO (p
Relationship between Academic Burnout of Medical and Graduate Students and Related Variables
Authors: Chun Kyung Hee
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of demographic data, academic demand, perfectionism, and academic failure tolerance on academic burnout of medical and graduate students at Yeungnam University. A mixed method study was conducted. Fourteen students participated in a focus group interview and 302 students, including 151 medical students and 151 graduate students, completed a survey, which addressed the factors of academic burnout, academic demand, perfectionism, and academic failure tolerance. There were significant differences in the academic burnout by age and year in school. The 2nd year medical & graduate students experienced significantly higher academic burnout than the other students. Multiple regression analysis revealed that academic burnout of medical and graduate students was significantly affected by academic demand (p
Curriculum Redesign for Excellence in Medical Education
Authors: Yang Eunbae
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the medical education system of Korea and to propose a method of curriculum redesign. Although there have been many attempts by medical educators to improve the quality of medical education, the results have not been fruitful. First, there exists a limitation to the dualistic curriculum design based on Flexnerianism, and thus, this model does not provide an integrated experience to medical students. Therefore, we propose a unidimensional model for curriculum redesign. Second, it is impossible to promote excellence in medical education without solving the structural problems of teaching and learning, such as the teaching competency of the faculty, large-scale lectures, and team teaching systems. A curricular strategy that emphasizes mutual interaction and teaching accountability is necessary to promote meaningful learning. Third, the current clinical training system, the circulation model, provides incomplete training as well as a lack of sequence and articulation experiences. This system needs to be redesigned in a way that allows only those students who have mastered both the knowledge and the application of medical education to advance to the next step. Fourth, norm-referenced assessments of a medical college distort the learning process and create unconstructive system energy. A criterion-referenced assessment that values cooperation, independent study, and intrinsic motivation is more important for the reliability and validity of the assessment. Medical students should not focus on formative and informative learning. Medical colleges should investigate the multifaceted potential of the students and provide transformative learning to grow students into change agents. For this to take place, curriculum redesign—not new methods of medical education—is required.
A New Paradigm for Education: Is Flipped Learning a Threat or an Opportunity?
Authors: Im Jin-Hyouk
Published: November 2015

Higher education is under unprecedented pressure for quality improvement and cost containment/reduction due to global competition and ever-increasing tuition costs. These twin challenges require an unconventional approach, and massive open online courses (MOOCs) and flipped learning have recently emerged as two promising educational alternatives not only to address the current problems but also to direct the future of education. This paper discusses the rapidly changing environment for education, MOOCs, and flipped learning as learning alternatives, the relationship between MOOCs and flipped learning, and course redesign for the implementation of flipped learning. The case of Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) is also discussed for benchmarking purposes since it has been pioneering an innovative educational methodology for teaching and learning IT-enabled active learning methods from its inception in 2009. It has redesigned almost 70 courses (20% of all the courses to offer) for flipped learning. The objectives of UNIST’s educational experiment are three-fold: improving the quality of education for students, improving teaching productivity for the faculty, and containing/reducing education costs for the university.
Relationship between ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction) Learning Motivation Factors and Class Effectiveness Inherent in Problem‐Based Learning Classes
Authors: Lee Mi Suk , Chae Soo Eun
Published: November 2015

The current study aimed to find the relationship between attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction (ARCS) learning motivation and class effectiveness inherent in problem-based learning (PBL) classes designed for dental and nursing students. Seventy-nine participants responded to survey items for motivation and class effectiveness after completion of their classes. The study findings were as follows. First, the differences among the dental**, clinical**, and nursing** PBL classes were identified in terms of class effectiveness (F=3.63, p
Foramen magnum decompression and arthrodesis in a septic, neuropathic elbow: A case report
Authors: L Maheshwar , D Sriramachandra , KK Kiran , KC Vamshi
Published: November 2015

Neuropathic arthropathy is a chronic progressive degenerative joint disorder associated with abnormal sensory innervation of a joint. This article presents a patient of a forty seven year old man who came with a swollen, painful, deformed elbow with discharging wound associated with fever. He had multiple consultations elsewhere for the same. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of elbow and open biopsy was done. He was advised above elbow amputation with a diagnosis of infected, ulcerated, giant cell tumour of tendon sheath. He refused amputation and presented to us with a request for limb salvage. Neurological examination revealed sensory and motor deficiencies in the left upper limb. His total leucocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were elevated. Culture of pus has shown growth of methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus. Resorption of the articulating surfaces with elbow dislocation and flecks of calcification in the diffuse soft tissue mass around the elbow were noted in the elbow radiograph. MRI of cervical spine revealed Chiari type I malformation with syringomyelia. Critical review and Second opinion of biopsy was suggestive of neuropathic arthropathy. Debridement and elbow arthrodesis was done under antibiotic cover. Foramen magnum decompression was done subsequently. Following the neuronal decompression neurological symptoms improved and bridging bony callus was noted across the elbow. To the best of our knowledge a rare presentation of septic, neuropathic elbow with Chiari malformation and syringomyelia treated successfully with elbow arthrodesis and foramen magnum decompression is not yet reported in the literature. Keywords: neuropathic arthropathy; syringomyelia; Chiari malformation; septic arthritis; arthrodesis; foramen magnum decompression
Long-term effects of proton pump inhibitors
Authors: Babu Sethu
Published: November 2015

This review summarizes the literature regarding long-term adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). There is widespread use of PPIs for a number of indications both in the inpatient and outpatient settings. While PPIs are generally considered safe and well tolerated, more serious adverse events have been reported. The risk of pneumonia was increased 27–39% in short-term use of PPIs in three meta-analyses. The use of PPIs is associated with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and appears to be dose related. Fractures and the impaired magnesium absorption associated with the use of PPIs have led the FDA to issue a warning regarding their use. Thrombocytopenia, iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, rhabdomyolysis and acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) have also been reported with the use of PPIs. Even though these adverse effects occur in small percentage of people, their impact should not be underestimated. PPIs are widely used and even a rare adverse effect may result in a large number of people being affected. Practitioners need to be vigilant about such adverse effects and counsel patients accordingly and use PPIs only when indicated. Keywords: proton pump inhibitors; pneumonia; Clostridium difficile
Clothing Systems in Operating Rooms – A Comparative Study
Authors: Ljungqvist Bengt , Reinmüller Berit , Gustén Jan , Nordenadler Johan
Published: November 2015

The number of airborne bacteria-carrying particles in the operating room is considered an indicator of the risk of infections to the patient undergoing surgery. When the supply air in the operating room is HEPA-filtered, the main source of microorganisms is people (patient and staff). The filtration efficacy of the fabric in operating clothing systems plays an important role. The design of the clothing systems also affects the number of particles emitted from people into the air of the operating room. In ultraclean operating rooms, the selection of clothing systems for the operating team should be considered in terms of patient safety. Examples of clothing systems evaluated in operating rooms will be presented. The predicted influence of different clothing systems in the operating room will be discussed.
American Society of Clinical Oncology 2015—Highlights of Non-colorectal Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: O'Reilly Eileen M ,   Medical Oncologist and Associate Director for Clinical Research, David M Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, US
Published: November 2015

This editorial covers the key highlights on Non-Colorectal Gastrointestinal Cancers from American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting 2015.
Genomics and Precision Cancer Medicine
Authors: Damodaran Senthilkumar , Roychowdhury Sameek ,   Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, US,   Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, US; 3. Department of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, US
Published: November 2015

This editorial reports on the abstract “Genomics and Precision Cancer Medicine” presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Congress, Chicago, Illinois, US, June 2015.
Significance of Ras Signaling in Cancer and Strategies for its Control
Authors: Gurung Arun Bahadur , Bhattacharjee Atanu ,   Researcher,   Assistant Professor, Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
Published: November 2015

Ras is a GTP-binding protein and is the most widely studied oncoprotein. To achieve its biological activity, it must undergo post-translation modification. Ras acts as a typical molecular switch. The GTP-bound Ras can activate several downstream effector pathways. Ras signaling regulates many important physiologic processes within a cell, such as cell cycle progression, survival, apoptosis, etc. Several studies have found mutation in Ras or its effectors in various types of tumors. Therefore, Ras or its downstream effectors can be attractive drug targets against various types of tumors in cancer therapeutics. Some therapeutic agents against Ras effectors, such as Raf, MEK1/2, PI3K, AKT etc., have successfully managed to enter into phase I and II trials. This targeted drug design could be envisaged in mainly four ways, such as prevention of Ras-GTP formation, covalent locking of the GDP-bound Ras, inhibition of Ras-effector interactions, or impairment of post-translational modification of Ras. In this review we summarize the normal Ras signaling as well its aberrant signaling in tumors and various strategies to inhibit Ras signaling.
"¿Non sapete que los siervos han de ser muy puntuales?": La lengua italiana en una mojiganga española del Siglo de Oro
Authors: Sbriziolo Carola
Published: November 2015

Este trabajo pretende estudiar el papel de la lengua italiana en la mojiganga "Los niños de la rollona y lo que pasa en las calles". Primero, se fija su fecha de composición y su autoría, ya que hasta hoy se ha atribuido la pieza a un Simón Aguado homónimo del verdadero autor, fechando por tanto erróneamente la mojiganga. En segundo lugar, se rastrean los orígenes, las funciones y los objetivos del italiano propuesto por el dramaturgo desde el punto de vista fonético, morfológico, léxico y sintáctico para ver hasta qué punto Aguado traduce, imita, reelabora o parodia este idioma.
"La ocasión": una novela en el eje de la vacilación
Authors: Durá Celma Rosa
Published: November 2015

El presente trabajo tiene como objeto el análisis de la estrategia narrativa que Juan José Saer adopta en la novela "La ocasión". Mediante la apropiación de una galería de personajes pertenecientes al imaginario colectivo de Argentina –claros mitos nacionales– pergeña un no menos mítico espacio brumoso e infranqueable como la pampa. La particular cartografía de la llanura que dibuja, no es solo un marco geográfico en el que el estanciero, el gaucho o el inmigrante se enfrentan tanto al entorno como a la alteridad, sino que se perfila como una metáfora de la condición general del hombre. Desde una orientación lacaniana, la segunda parte de este artículo examina la configuración del personaje principal a partir de un eje que gravita sobre la dicotomía materia-espíritu.
Enrique Jardiel Poncela y la “novela cosmopolita” de principios del siglo XX
Authors: François Cécile
Published: November 2015

Este artículo enfoca las relaciones entre la obra novelesca de Enrique Jardiel Poncela y el contexto de su producción. Iniciada en 1928, la trilogía jardielesca fue redactada durante los últimos tres años de una década marcada por un afán de apertura al exterior y un cosmopolitismo exacerbado. Entre los escritores más influyentes de la época destacan las figuras de Paul Morand y Maurice Dekobra. Del primero, Enrique Jardiel Poncela recupera, desorbitándolos, unos rasgos de la llamada “escritura cinemática” para encauzarla hacia el ámbito del humor y la ironía. Del segundo, recoge una serie de personajes y situaciones inspiradas en "La Madone des Sleepings", una de las novelas más populares y famosas de los años 20. Sin embargo, tras el hedonismo y la vitalidad de la trilogía asoma, a ratos, cierto desencanto que anuncia la visión amarga y pesimista que el autor plasmará en su última novela.
El narrador en la traducción de la literatura infantil y juvenil: las adaptaciones literarias de "El Quijote" al inglés
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez Beatriz M.ª
Published: November 2015

El análisis de traducciones y adaptaciones literarias de obras canónicas adultas dirigidas a un público infantil y juvenil revela modificaciones importantes. Estas modificaciones pueden implicar cambios en la estrategia narrativa que se deben evaluar teniendo en cuenta factores entre los que destacan el lector implícito del texto meta, una posible intención pedagógica y el género literario del texto meta. Este trabajo analiza las causas de las divergencias en cuanto a la figura del narrador identificadas en varias adaptaciones literarias al inglés de "El Quijote de la Mancha" (1605) para niños y jóvenes en las que la visibilidad del adaptador se refleja claramente en su estrategia narrativa, puesto en algunos casos el narrador se convierte en un personaje más del relato. Los cambios en la estrategia narrativa permiten acercar este clásico de las letras universales al receptor infantil y juvenil.
FERRUS ANTON, B. (2011). Mujer y literatura de viajes en el siglo XIX: entre España y las Américas. Valencia: Universitat de Valencia, 124 pp. (Biblioteca Javier Coy d’estudis Nord-Americans). ISBN: 978-84-370-8106-9
Authors: López Pellisa Teresa
Published: November 2015

FERRÚS ANTÓN, B. (2011). Mujer y literatura de viajes en el siglo XIX: entre España y las Américas. Valencia: Universitat de València, 124 pp. (Biblioteca Javier Coy d’estudis Nord-Americans). ISBN: 978-84-370-8106-9.
CUBILLO DE ARAGON, A. (2012). El invisible príncipe del Baúl. Edición, introducción y notas de Francisco Domínguez Matito. Vigo: Academia del Hispanismo, 228 pp. ISBN: 978-84-15175-09-4
Authors: Balmaseda Maestu Enrique
Published: November 2015

CUBILLO DE ARAGÓN, Á. (2012). El invisible príncipe del Baúl. Edición, introducción y notas de Francisco Domínguez Matito. Vigo: Academia del Hispanismo, 228 pp. ISBN: 978-84-15175-09-4.
Elaboração e caracterização físico-química e microbiológica da farinha da palma (Opuntia fícusindica Mill) em diferentes temperaturas
Authors: Severo D. S. , Araújo A. S. , Deodato J. N. V. , Silva C. C. M. , Alves G. S.
Published: November 2015

A Palma forrageira (Opuntia fícusindica Mill) é uma cactácea originária do México, porém bastante cultivada na região semiárida do nordeste. Na alimentação humana, geralmente, são usados em preparações culinárias os brotos de palma, os frutos in natura ou processados. Uma das maneiras de diversificar o uso da palma forrageira seriam a secagem e sua transformação em farinhas para incorporação em diversos produtos. Desta forma o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade físico-química e microbiológica da farinha. As amostras foram coletadas na zona rural e transportadas para o laboratório do Centro Vocacional e Tecnológico /UFCG – Campus Pombal – PB, as mesmas foram desidratadas até a total retirada da umidade em estufa de circulação de ar nas seguintes temperaturas: 70, 80 e 90 °C, posteriormente passaram por um liquidificador industrial, em seguida por um moinho de facas para a obtenção da farinha. Após a obtenção foram realizadas as análises microbiológicas e analises físico-químicas. O emprego na alimentação humana, a palma forrageira é um grande potencial produtivo do Semiárido com alternativas sustentadas de desenvolvimento.

Preparation and physical chemistry and microbiological characterization of flour palm ( Opuntia fícusindica Mill ) at different temperatures
Abstract: The Spineless cactus ( Opuntia fícusindica Mill ) is a cactaceous originally from Mexico, but rather grown in semi-arid region of the northeast. For human consumption, generally, they are used in culinary preparations the palm shoots, os frutos in natura ou processados. One way to diversify the use of cactus would be drying and processing into meal for incorporation into various products. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the physical - chemical and microbiological quality of the flour. The samples were collected in the countryside and transported to the laboratory and Technological Vocational Center / UFCG - Campus Pombal - PB, they have been dewatered to the full withdrawal of moisture in air circulating oven at the following temperatures: 70, 80 and 90 ° C, subsequently passed through an industrial blender, then by a slicer to obtain the flour. After obtaining it was conducted microbiological analyzes and physicochemical analysis. Employment in food , the cactus is a great productive potential with the Semi-Arid alternatives sustained development.
EXPERIMENTAL RATIONALE FOR THE CHOICE OF FILLING MATERIAL FOR TREATMENT ROOT CARIES
Authors: Нагаева М. , nagaeva M. , Скворцова А. , Skvortsova A. , Безкровная С. , Bezkrovnaya S.
Published: November 2015

High prevalence of root caries and high frequency of defects fit the seals makes the problem of filling materials choice for treatment root caries relevant. To justify the treatment of root caries by optimizing the choice of filling material. For our study, when filling cavities, the most commonly used filling materials of different classes, were chosen: nanohybrid composite with an adhesive system, triple curing hybrid glass ionomer cement, packable self-curing high strength glass ionomer cement. In experiment, marginal permeability of studied materials towards hard tissue (enamel, dentin, and root cement) were assessed on a five-point system Khera S.C, Chan K.C. 45 sampleswas investigated in total (for 15 samples in each group).
Clinical Pearls in Anesthesia for Xeroderma Pigmentosum: A Case Report
Authors: Shah S.B. , Hariharan U. , Naithani B.K. , Bhargava A.K.
Published: November 2015

Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive (AR) disease characterized by hypersensitivity of
the skin to ultra violet (UV) radiation, resulting in a high frequency of UV induced skin tumors and progressive neurological
complications at an early age. Through the following case report we emphasize that perioperative management of
xeroderma patients entails meticulous evaluation for neurological abnormalities, shielding the skin from OT (operation
theatre) lights by using protective clothing, sunscreen and UV blocking film as well as avoidance of genotoxic drugs like
volatile anaesthetics and paracetamol. One must be prepared for the possibility of difficult mask ventilation (we used a
mask one size larger), difficult intubation and prolonged effect of muscle relaxants (as in our case) due to skin atrophy,
neoplasia, joint contracture and neuronal dysfunction.