bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QUALITY MODEL OF MEDIA SYSTEMS WITH INFOGRAPHIC DATA
Authors: KUDRIASHOVA Alona , OLIYARNYK Taras
Published: January 2025

The study of the quality of media systems development, which incorporates a large volume of infographic data, is a highly relevant task, as the increasing amount of information demands new approaches to its presentation that ensure rapid and efficient perception. This paper is dedicated to analyzing the factors influencing the quality of media systems development and constructing a model of prioritized factor influence, which will serve as the foundation for further research into predictive quality evaluation.
The article employs graph theory tools and systems analysis methods, specifically the mathematical hierarchy modeling method. Based on expert evaluation, a set of factors influencing the quality of media systems development has been identified, including the target audience, content, interactivity, layout, prototype, typography, and data visualization. The influences and dependencies between these factors have been visualized using a directed graph. The priorities of the factors were determined through the method of mathematical hierarchy modeling, which involves the formation of a binary factor reachability matrix and the construction of iterative tables. These iterative tables contain information on the ordinal number of the factor in the set, the subset of reachable vertices, the subset of predecessor vertices, and the intersection of the subsets. It was found that the highest rank belongs to the factors “target audience” and “content”, while the lowest rank was assigned to the “typography” factor. Based on the data obtained during the iteration process, a model of prioritized factor influence on the quality of media systems development with infographic data was synthesized.
The constructed model will assist in more effectively allocating resources, such as time and funds, across the key stages of media systems creation. Additionally, it will help minimize risks associated with the product’s mismatch with the target audience's needs, thereby reducing additional costs in the development process.
THE CONCEPT OF AI-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF LEARNING FOREIGN WORDS
Authors: PAVLOVA Olga , KOZYRA Artur
Published: January 2025

In the modern world, information systems based on artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly used to automate learning and improve the educational process. One of the perspective areas of AI application is foreign language learning, particularly vocabulary acquisition. By integrating AI components, specifically those utilizing machine learning algorithms to analyze large volumes of data and provide automated recommendations to enhance the learning process, users gain constant access to self-assessment tools and automatic adjustment of cognitive workload.This paper examines the key role and significance of information systems for analyzing foreign language vocabulary acquisition with the help of AI. It investigates the working principles of such systems, their advantages, and various strategies used to enhance the efficiency of language learning, aiming for optimal results in acquiring new linguistic knowledge and improving learning outcomes. Learning new foreign terms is often a challenging task for many students, leading to a loss of motivation or slow progress, highlighting the urgent need for solutions that enhance material retention. Adapting to individual users, AI-based information systems have developed a range of services and platforms with global potential for language learning worldwide. These systems function by analyzing user behavior and success, based on specific indicators and metrics, whose numerical values are interpreted to identify patterns and correlations between user behavior and its impact on the system. The advantages of AI-based information systems for language learning are significant, offering an objective, reliable method for assessing learning achievements, eliminating the need for human intervention in many cases. Data collected by these systems serve as a valuable resource for analyzing user productivity, detecting common mistakes, creating effective study plans, and more. However, it's important to note that AI has not yet reached the level of understanding semantics or the cultural and historical nuances of certain words, complicating the implementation of more comprehensive functionality for evaluating and adjusting the learning process. This requires developers to prepare additional data through proprietary sources or gain useful input from user interactions with the system.
MODEL OF AN ENHANCED COMPUTER GAME SERVER IN MULTIPLAYER ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: OBELOVSKA Kvitoslava , HRYTSIV Artur , LISKEVYCH Oleh , ABZYATOV Andriy , LISKEVYCH Rostyslav
Published: January 2025

The rapid evolution of multiplayer gaming has led to increasingly complex virtual environments that require precise synchronous movement mechanics to be competitive. One of the main challenges of interacting with large numbers of users in real-time in a multiplayer environment is the effect of network delays on character movements. In addition to the constant component, network delays have a variable component that is random and at the same time can be different on different network segments when the server interacts with different clients. The article examines the operation of a computer game server and proposes a model of advanced character movement control for multiplayer environments that provides smooth transitions between animation states through the concept of client-side prediction. The model is based on the state transition diagram of the server and describes its operation during a multiplayer game. To analyze the processes implemented by the server, we defined its five states: listening state, packet delay check state, mobility check state, client data update state, and preauthorization data update state. The object of modeling is a random process characterized by discrete states and continuous time, the model of which is presented as a system of differential equations. The results of solving this system of equations are analytical expressions for estimating the probabilities of a computer game server being in each of the possible states depending on the intensity of transitions between states. The presented mathematical apparatus describes the influence of incoming requests of different intensities on maintaining the necessary quality of system operation. The resulting formulas can be used for further analysis of the server's operation in various scenarios. Based on them, recommendations for improving data exchange algorithms in the system can be developed.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC A ND MANAGERIAL FACTORS OF FARMERS ON THE SUCCESS OF AGROFORESTRY MODEL FARMING AGRISILVICULTURE PATTERN
Authors: Wibawa Ismail Supriyatna , Dasipah Euis , Mulyana Tatang
Published: January 2025

This study aims to Influence Farmers' Socio-Economic and Managerial Factors on the Success of Farming with Agroforestry Models with Agrisilvicultural Patterns. (A Case of Farmers around the Kiarapayung Regional Forest. The respondent determination technique was carried out by census as many as 65 respondents. The analysis technique used was path analysis. The results obtained were the performance of the socio-economic factors of farmers who were active in the agroforestry model of agrisilvicultural patterns in the forests of the Kiarapayung area which included: age; education; experience; family dependents; land area; and capital obtained 48.78% achievement criteria Enough. This illustrates the socio-economic factors of farmers seen from age are old age (54 years); low education mostly elementary school graduates; family dependents of 2 people, narrow land 0.26 ha, and low capital Managerial performance of agroforestry farmers in agricultural patterns around the Kiarapayung forest area obtained an achievement level of 73.07% good criteria Consisting of technical managerial achievements obtained 83.37% very good criteria and business managerial 65.49% good criteria. Successful performance of an agroforestry model farming agrisilvicultural pattern of farmers around the forest area of Kiarapayung which consists of Social Aspects 66.54% Good criteria; Economic Aspect 63.46% Good Criteria and Ecological Aspect 64.42% Good Criteria. The overall level of achievement obtained 64.91% criteria Good. There is a real and strong positive correlation between socio-economic factors and managerial agroforestry farmers with agrisilvicultural patterns, which is indicated by the correlation coefficient r = 0.365, it can be interpreted that the better the socio-economic factors, the better the managerial farmers. The hypothesis is proven that the socio-economic and managerial factors of farmers have a positive effect on the success of the agroforestry model of the agrisilvicultural pattern, either simultaneously or partially. The total influence of the two variables is 67.00% which is contributed by the total influence of socio-economic factors 9.32% and the total managerial influence of farmers is 57.69%, the remaining 37.00% is influenced by other factors. Efforts need to be made to increase the productivity of the types of seasonal crops cultivated by increasing the amount of use of organic fertilizers, and coaching for follow-up and control so that farmers remain interested and continue to apply the agroforestry farming model.
Assessment of the quality of Polygonati Odorait Rhizoma powder prepared by different processes and investigation of its additive properties in steamed buns
Authors: Xu Yao , Li Huimin , Jia Fan , Wu Yuhang , Jiang Jiani , Zheng Hui , Zheng Tao , He Kai , Yang Yong
Published: January 2025

Background: Polygonati Odorait Rhizoma(PO) is the dried rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce, which is a popular traditional health food ingredient in China and Southeast Asia. Strips and sheets are the main traditional processing products of PO, which limit the health application. Powder milling technology is helpful to improve the application value and comprehensive utilization of PO. 
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different processing methods on the physicochemical properties of PO powders, especially enzymatically modified PO powder (EM). In addition, the study investigated the additive properties of PO powder in steamed buns.
Methods: In this study, four different PO powders were prepared using different processes named Enzyme Modified PO Powder (EM), Vacuum Microwave-Dried PO Powder (VM), Vacuum Freeze-Dried PO Powder (VF), and Traditionally Processed PO Powder (TP). Comparison of the physical properties, chemical composition and inhibitory activity against α-amylase of four different PO powders. The effects of the addition of the four PO powders on the quality of steamed buns were also compared.
Results: The results showed that the content of some functional components such as total saponin, total polysaccharide and total polyphenol, and the total flavonoid content of EM increased significantly by 74%, 127.8%, 91.2% and 125.4%, respectively, compared with TP. Among the steamed buns with PO powder added, the steamed buns with EM added had the best sensory score, ageing characteristics and fermentation characteristics. All four PO powders reduced the reducing sugar content (RSC) of the steamed buns to different extents compared to the blank steamed buns. In particular, EM reduced the RSC of the steamed buns by 27.2% compared to the blank group.
Conclusion: Overall, complex enzymatic digestion could effectively improve the functional quality and application of PO powder. EM powder showed the best performance in terms of functional quality and additive properties of steamed buns.
Novelty: This experiment was the first to compare the physical properties and functional content of PO powders in different processing methods. It was found that enzymatic modification could effectively improve the physical properties and functional content of PO powders. The sensory evaluation of steamed bread can be improved by PO powders to steamed bread.
Keywords: Polygonati Oodrait Rhizoma powder, steamed buns, enzymatic modification, physicochemical properties, quality characteristics
Safeguarding Large Language Models in Real-time with Tunable Safety-Performance Trade-offs
Authors: Fonseca Joao , Bell Andrew , Stoyanovich Julia
Published: January 2025

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to be susceptible to _jailbreak attacks_, or adversarial attacks used to illicit high risk behavior from a model. Jailbreaks have been exploited by cybercriminals and blackhat actors to cause significant harm, highlighting the critical need to safeguard widely-deployed models. Safeguarding approaches, which include fine-tuning models or having LLMs “self-reflect”, may lengthen the inference time of a model, incur a computational penalty, reduce the semantic fluency of an output, and restrict “normal” model behavior. Importantly, these Safety-Performance Trade-offs (SPTs) remain an understudied area. In this work, we introduce a novel safeguard, called SAFENUDGE, that combines Controlled Text Generation with “nudging,” or using text interventions to change the behavior of a model. SAFENUDGE _triggers during text-generation while a jailbreak attack is being executed_, and can reduce successful jailbreak attempts by 30% by guiding the LLM towards a safe responses. It adds minimal latency to inference and has a negligible impact on the semantic fluency of outputs. Further, we allow for tunable SPTs. SAFENUDGE is open-source and available through https://pypi.org/, and is compatible with models loaded with the Hugging Face transformerslibrary.
AI-Driven Security Posture Management: A Revolutionary Approach to Multi-Cloud Enterprise Security
Authors: Srinivas Reddy Cheruku
Published: January 2025

The landscape of cloud security has undergone a transformative evolution, driven by the complexity of modern digital infrastructures and the escalating sophistication of cyber threats. This comprehensive article explores an innovative AI-driven Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) framework that transcends traditional security methodologies. By leveraging advanced machine learning algorithms, neural network architectures, and intelligent automation, the framework offers a proactive, adaptive approach to cybersecurity that addresses the multifaceted challenges of multi-cloud environments. The article demonstrates how intelligent systems can dynamically analyze network interactions, predict potential vulnerabilities, and implement rapid, context-aware response mechanisms, fundamentally reshaping how organizations conceptualize and implement security strategies.
The Impact of Cloud Technology and Integration Solutions on Public Sector Regulatory Systems
Authors: Nethaji Kapavarapu
Published: January 2025

The integration of cloud technology and advanced digital solutions has revolutionized public sector regulatory systems, transforming traditional paper-based processes into efficient, automated operations. This transformation encompasses comprehensive frameworks for compliance monitoring, enforcement mechanisms, and public service delivery. The implementation of sophisticated API architectures and real-time monitoring capabilities has enhanced system interconnectivity while ensuring robust security protocols. The adoption of cloud-based platforms has significantly improved citizen engagement through intuitive interfaces and streamlined application processes. Integration challenges, including data sovereignty and legacy system compatibility, have been addressed through structured migration strategies and enhanced security frameworks. Looking ahead, emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and Internet of Things are shaping the future of regulatory management, enabling predictive compliance monitoring and automated enforcement actions while maintaining transparency and accountability in public sector operations.
Enhancing Application Monitoring Through AI-Driven Alert Correlation
Authors: Vaidyanathan Sivakumaran
Published: January 2025

This comprehensive article explores the evolution and implementation of AI-driven alert correlation systems in modern application monitoring environments. The article examines the transformation from traditional monitoring approaches to sophisticated AI-powered solutions, highlighting key challenges and advancements in alert management. It explores the impact of artificial intelligence on various aspects of monitoring, including pattern recognition, dynamic thresholds, and automated response mechanisms. The article demonstrates how AI-driven correlation techniques have revolutionized incident detection, root cause analysis, and overall operational efficiency. Through a detailed examination of best practices and technical requirements, the article provides insights into successful implementation strategies while exploring future trends in AI-powered monitoring solutions.
Understanding Agentic Frameworks in AI Development: A Technical Analysis
Authors: Sreeram Reddy Thoom
Published: January 2025

This technical article examines the evolution and implementation of agentic frameworks in artificial intelligence development, focusing on their transformative impact across multiple industries. The article explores the fundamental architectural components, implementation methodologies, and practical applications of these frameworks in manufacturing, financial services, and healthcare sectors. By investigating the core components, including perception systems and decision architectures, alongside the Belief-Desire-Intention model and advanced learning mechanisms, this article provides comprehensive insights into how agentic frameworks are revolutionizing autonomous decision-making capabilities. The article also addresses critical technical challenges in scalability and safety while offering potential solutions and future directions for development, highlighting the growing importance of these frameworks in shaping the future of AI technology.
Revolutionizing Healthcare: Spatial Computing Meets Generative AI
Authors: Sankara Reddy Thamma
Published: January 2025

The health industry is experiencing change, the newest forerunner of which is being propelled by spatial computing and generative AI. Spatial computing simply refers to the ability to interface with physical space through computation and digital devices; on the other hand, generative AI means using advanced machine learning to generate new output. This paper examines the roles and the combined possibilities of these two technologies with the view of transforming health care and diagnostics in the field of patient care. Precision medicine unveils new opportunities of integrating precise spatial computing components and generative artificial intelligence to provide a personalized treatment for patients and data visualization for surgeons. The paper examines major use cases, concerns, and future of this convergence specifically in the fields of medicine.
ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND CYBERSECURITY IN AGRIBUSINESS IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC FINANCIALIZATION
Authors:   State Biotechnology University, Melnyk Rostyslav
Published: January 2025

The article substantiates that digital transformation and cybersecurity development in agribusiness are essential components of the modern agro-industrial complex, especially in the context of economic financialization observed in both Ukraine and EU countries. It is argued that in Ukraine, despite the active implementation of digital technologies, the process of digital transformation lags behind the European Union, where the adoption of integrated management and data protection systems is progressing more rapidly due to more stable financing and established cybersecurity standards. The period from 2018 to 2023 was a turning point for Ukraine’s agribusiness sector, which, in the context of economic financialization and the rise of international cyberattacks, began adopting European practices for protecting information systems and modernizing digital infrastructure. It is asserted that the main cybersecurity challenges for agribusiness in Ukraine remain insufficient funding, limited investment, and the need to adapt to rapid technological changes, particularly amid the intensifying military conflict. The article underscores that collaboration with European partners and the attraction of international aid are key factors in strengthening cyber protection and improving the effectiveness of digital solutions in Ukraine's agricultural sector. Projections for 2024–2026 indicate that Ukraine will continue gradual digital transformation with a focus on information system security, though cybersecurity funding will likely remain at an average of 10–12% of the operational budget of agricultural enterprises, significantly lower than European benchmarks. Thus, it is concluded that while Ukraine is moving closer to European cybersecurity standards in agribusiness, it is likely to remain behind in the implementation of advanced technologies, such as blockchain, IoT, and artificial intelligence, due to limited resources. The European Union is expected to maintain its lead over Ukraine in digital transformation and cybersecurity, supported by increasing investments, integrated protection systems, and broader use of innovative technologies to ensure security and optimize agricultural production processes.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ELECTRONIC COMMERCE: KEY ASPECTS, DIRECTIONS, THREATS
Authors:   University of Customs and Finance, Romanchuk Lyubov , Shchytov Dmytro ,   University of Customs and Finance, Mormul Mykola ,   University of Customs and Finance
Published: January 2025

This article explores the multifaceted role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the realm of e-commerce, with a comprehensive focus on its key aspects, diverse applications, and potential threats. The AI services that are in the greatest demand among Ukrainian consumers have been compiled and analyzed: ChatGPT, Midjourney, Grammarly, Notion AI, DALL-E, Stable Diffusion. A significant emphasis is placed on the myriad advantages that AI offers businesses. Enhanced business efficiency is achieved through data-driven decision-making, predictive analytics, and streamlined operations. Improved customer interactions are realized through personalized recommendations, chatbots, and virtual assistants, which not only increase customer satisfaction but also drive sales and loyalty. Furthermore, the article discusses the scalability of AI solutions, allowing businesses to adapt to changing market conditions swiftly. However, the integration of AI in e-commerce is not without its challenges and risks. The article addresses critical issues such as data privacy and security concerns, which are paramount in an age where consumer data is extensively collected and analyzed. The potential for fraud and cyberattacks is also examined, highlighting the need for robust security measures and ethical practices in AI deployment. The article also delves into the challenges that companies encounter during the implementation of AI technologies. These include resistance to change, the necessity for substantial investments in technology and training, and the complexity of integrating AI into existing systems. To navigate these challenges effectively, a series of strategic recommendations aimed at ensuring a safe, efficient, and ethical integration of AI in e-commerce operations are proposes. To provide a practical basis, a detailed algorithm and Python code to create a commodity demand forecasting simulation model that simulates the implementation of artificial intelligence in e-commerce is presented. This model serves as a valuable tool for businesses seeking to understand and predict consumer behavior through AI-driven insights.
Knowledge of Local Toll-road Pricing in Oslo
Authors: Egner Lars Even , Fearnley Nils
Published: January 2025

We investigated knowledge of local toll roads among Oslo residents with a valid driver’s license and access to a car through a survey (N = 419; sample: e-scooter users). Knowledge of prices, rules, and rush hour times is limited. Only 0.5-3% of respondents indicate a correct price (±1 NOK) for toll-passings. Correct answers regarding monthly and hourly payment caps are 10% and 17%, respectively. Finally, 4-44% of respondents indicated the correct time when peak hours start or stop.
RELATIONSHIP OF THE CULLING OF FIRST-BORN COWS FROM THE HEARD WITH THE SCORE OF LINEAR TYPE TRAITS UNDER VARIOUS HOUSING
Authors:   Livestock farming institute of NAAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, ADMINA Natalia , ADMIN Olexandr
Published: January 2025

The results obtained in breeding plants indicate the influence of the technology of housing primiparous cows on their score of linear type traits. The influence of this factor ranged from 0.4% (p<0.01) to 2.9% (p<0.001). It was found that when stall housing, animals with a high assessment of body depth, angularity, and rear legs had a lower percentage of abandonment from the herd compared to animals with an average and low assessment of these traits (p<0.05). The results obtained when determining the percentage of abandonment of cows with different score of fore udder attachment indicate a greater staybility of first-born cows with a high assessment of this trait, which was 7.5-11% higher compared to animals with a lower score. The assessment of the central ligament of the udder (1.3%; p<0.05) and the depth of the udder (1.3%; p<0.05) had a probable impact on the abandonment of first-born cows from the herd. The number of animals that left the herd during the study period with a low assessment of the central udder ligament was higher by 0.7-13% compared to animals with a high and average assessment. A similar relationship between the loss of animals was established with the assessment of the depth of the udder (by 8.8-17.1%). The culling of first-born cows depending on the assessment of body structure traits in free housing, according to our data, probably depended only on one factor – the slope of the sacrum. The strength of the impact of the assessment of this trait was 2.9%. It is important to note that the percentage of animals leaving the herd with an average assessment of the slope of the sacrum was the lowest. When comparing the trends in the influence of the body structure traits of first-born cows on the level of their loss from herds under different methods of maintenance, it was found that, unlike tied housing, under free housing, there was a tendency to increase the percentage of culling first-born cows with a high growth assessment. Also, cows with a wide chest and a deep body had the highest risk of culling compared to the group of animals with average linear score indicators. There was a slight decrease in the percentage of culling of first-born cows with an increase in the score for the dairy type in both housing methods, animals with the desired posture of the hind limbs and a high score of the central ligament of the udder and body condition.
PRODUCTIVITY AND METABOLISM OF SUBSTANCES IN THE BODY OF BULLS BY OPTIMIZING THEIR PROTEIN NUTRITION
Authors:   Institute of Agriculture of Polissya NAAS, Zhytomyr, Ukraine, KOVALEVA Svitlana , SAVCHUK Ivan ,   Institute of Agriculture of Polissya NAAS, Zhytomyr, Ukraine
Published: January 2025

The issue of optimizing the protein nutrition of bulls by keeping them in the territory belonging to the III zone of radioactive contamination due to the Chernobyl accident is considered. Experimental studies on young cattle of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed were conducted in the conditions of the physiological yard of the Institute of Agriculture of the Polissya NAAS. For the experiment, 2 groups of experimental animals were formed: Group I (control) – protein deficiency in the diet was provided by feeding 1.02 kg of pea shoots (Pisum sativum L.), and in Group II (experimental) – the same amount of field peas (Pisum sativum, var arvence). Since different types and amounts of feed were used for feeding the bulls, optimization of the nutritional value of the feed rations was carried out monthly. The experimental animals were kept in the same room according to the adopted technology – in stalls on a leash. The feeding and watering regime, microclimate parameters in both groups were the same.

Optimization of protein nutrition of fattening bulls due to various high-protein feeds has a positive effect on productivity (875-1023 g) and feed conversion (103.0-120.4 MJ), does not have a negative effect on the slaughter qualities of animals. At the same time, the use of field peas compared to peas to ensure the normalized need of young cattle in digestible protein contributed to an increase in the average daily gain of live weight of animals by 16.9% (P>0.95) while reducing the expenditure of metabolic energy per unit of gain by 14.5%. The introduction of field peas into the diet of fattening bulls compared to the use of peas contributed to better digestion of dry matter by 0.2% abs., crude protein – 3.9 (P>0.95) and fiber – by 0.9% abs. Experimental animals of group II digested crude fat (by 1.4% abs.) and BER (by 0.3% abs.) somewhat worse than their peers of group I. At the same time, the Nitrogen balance in the body was better in the experimental group bulls compared to the control by 2.9%.
Spatial environment drives land-based social associations in a central-place foraging seabird
Authors: Morel Antoine , Vander Wal Eric , Bitton Pierre-Paul
Published: January 2025

1. Social and spatial environments shape the way individuals associate and thus impact their social network structure. However, nowhere are social and spatial mechanisms more likely to be simultaneously entangled and potentially misinterpreted than in central-place foragers. 2. We interrogated the spatial-social interface for a central-place forager in their colony. To do so we tested how the distance between individuals in a colony affected (i) their probability of association, (ii) their community structure, and (iii) and dyadic weight. 3. We used the Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica), a central-place forager that has limited movements on land, to determine the contribution of the social and spatial environments to the social network structure. We colour-banded 124 individuals, geo-localised their burrows and tracked their associations at the colony using focal observations during the breeding season. 4. We found that the spatial environment strongly influenced the social network structure of the Atlantic puffin. Individuals formed communities and associated significantly more than expected by chance with their close nesting neighbours, suggesting that the presence/absence of neighbours determined the association patterns. Additionally, we found evidence that distant associations with conspecifics were not all random, suggesting that individuals may seek each other out, if it provides mutual benefits, or have similar spatial and temporal requirements. 5. Our study demonstrates the importance of considering social and spatial environments in unison in studying social network structures and provides new evidence for the influence of these mechanisms on central-place foragers.
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN FISH (HETEROTIS NILOTICUS) IN IGBOKODA RIVER, ONDO STATE NIGERIA
Authors: Ediagbonya T. Faraday , Uche Joseph I. , Arogbola Daniel O.
Published: January 2025

Polychlorinated biphenyls are composed of 209 possible chlorinated compounds or congeners with lipophilic properties. They are bioaccumulative, persistent pollutants that have been related to a variety of negative human health effects, including cancer. Humans can be exposed to PCBs by eating contaminated foods such as fish, pig, and dairy products. The purpose of this study was to quantify PCB contents in heterotis niloticus using an electron capture detector in gas chromatography (GC-ECD). The presence of PCBs in the fish's head, tail, and centre was determined. The average total PCB concentration was 4.27g/g in the centre, 6.43g/g in the tail, and 2.42g/g in the head. PCBs 8, 18, 28, 44, 156, and 170 were discovered in the fish's head, middle, and tail, except for PCB 8, which was not found in either the head or the tail. The concentration of PCBs in this study found that, except for the middle, which had a mean value of 0.01, there was no PCB8 in the fish's head or tail. The least amount of total PCB was found in the fish head, while the highest concentration was detected in the tail. Except for PCB8, which was not calculated since it only occurred in one location of the fish, the various PCB homologs showed statistical spatial variations. According to the distribution of PCB homologs in fish samples, triPCBs were present in the majority of fish components, whereas tetraPCBs were found in the middle and tail at low levels.
PROFITABILITY AND CONSTRAINTS OF AGRICULTURAL COMMERCIALIZATION AMONG SMALLHOLDER RICE FARMERS IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Usman M. B. , Ademola O. T. , Oni B. O.
Published: January 2025

This study analysed the profitability of smallholder rice farmers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 300 rice farmers for the study. The primary data utilized for the study were collected using structured questionnaires. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and farm budgetary techniques. The result of the study revealed that rice production in the study area is profitable with gross margin of N103, 876.17/ha. The most important problems identified were inadequate supportive institutions, poor access to credit, and poor rural infrastructure. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that provision of adequate and improved agricultural supportive institutions such as research, financial and marketing as well as extension services should be strengthened in order to improve smallholder rice profitability in the study area.
ChatGPT and World History Essays
Authors: Rice Kelsey
Published: January 2025

This article describes an assignment used in a 100-level college world history class that requires students to produce history essays using ChatGPT and then annotate and assess those essays according to how well they analyze topics covered in the course. The article first demonstrates how the assignment has proved a useful tool in promoting student learning objectives and assessing their mastery of course content. The second section of the article offers quantitative analysis of the content of the 57 ChatGPT essays submitted by students in the spring semester of 2023. That data demonstrates that ChatGPT produces history essays with a strong Eurocentric and Anglocentric bias. This essay thus has two conclusions: first, that ChatGPT can productively be used in a college history course to encourage student learning and critical thinking. Second, that it is imperative for educators to impart to our students the significant limitations of generative AI’s knowledge-production abilities, as algorithms trained on large language models (LLMs) reproduce historic inequalities.
Imagining the Past
Authors: Megan VanGorder
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the potential of AI image generation as a creative learning tool to enhance traditional source analysis in history education. By integrating AI generated visualizations into the interpretive process, students can unlock new narratives and perspectives, furthering their understanding of historical dispositions. The proposed assignment and protocol guide students in crafting prompts that synthesize descriptive details from source materials, critically evaluating AI capabilities and limitations, and iteratively refining their outputs. This process fosters the development of essential skills such as contextual analysis, ethical reasoning, and an understanding of how data inputs shape AI-generated outcomes.
Furthermore, the assignment encourages students to interrogate the credibility and responsible production of AI images, situating these visualizations within broader discourses on innovation ethics, human experience, and desirable technological change. By engaging with shared readings and reflecting on AI's societal impacts, students contribute to the training of algorithms that produce more equitable representations of humanity's diversity while respecting educational objectives and cultural sensitivities.
The intersection of AI image generation and history education cultivates an invaluable combination of interpretive analysis, creative expression, and critical thinking about society and progress. This approach positions students as both creators and critics of AI imagination, fostering digital literacies and equipping them to become ethical, innovative AI citizens. As AI capabilities rapidly evolve, exercises like this keep humans in the loop and contribute to the ongoing exploration of whether AI-generated images can challenge colonial or neocolonial biases by incorporating diverse perspectives and imagining an inclusive past.
Roleplaying Legal Disputes
Authors: Perez-Villa Angela
Published: January 2025

This reflection essay describes my work designing and adapting a series of learning activities with a focus on role-playing for students who enrolled in a class about colonial Latin America in fall 2021, when the mode of instruction was still synchronous online. I describe the activities that I created based on one criminal court case and reflect on what I would do in the future to improve the activity for my students.
Teaching the History of Zionism in an Arab context: Empirical and Ethical Imperatives
Authors: Reimer Michael
Published: January 2025

Egyptian and Arab attitudes toward Israel remain negative, and anti-Semitic myth-making would seem to preclude a nuanced historical engagement with Zionism and Israeli society. Yet a popular history course taught at the American University in Cairo (AUC) is titled “Zionism and Modern Judaism.” A poll of students who took the course suggests some prior skepticism toward portrayal of Jews in Arab media, and desire for a knowledge of Jewish history that transcends stereotypes. In this context, an ethical imperative is empirical: circumventing prejudices by confronting students with Jewish voices, by using primary sources in discussion and research. Comparison is made between the experience of teaching the course in Egypt and the U.S., highlighting an enormous disparity in ethnoconfessional backgrounds and assumptions made about the existential position of Jews/Israelis, but also a striking commonality in the engagement of students’ families with the curriculum.
Estimating the ``"Breadwinner Impact" on Household Division of Labour
Authors: Siqueira Melissa
Published: January 2025

This study builds upon previous literature examining the determinants of the household bargaining process. By employing a regression-discontinuity design model, I find that breadwinner status can be used as a bargaining tool to avoid household labour. While this effect generally holds for male breadwinners, it does not for female breadwinners. Limiting the sample to just parents, the breadwinner impact differential between males and females becomes negligible, indicating a different dynamic in households with children.
The Effects of Unconventional Monetary Policy on Firm Capital Structure
Authors: Takahashi Jun
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the effects of unconventional monetary policy on firms' financing decisions using techniques drawn from corporate finance and monetary economics. The data set utilized contains 9,220 firms in 40 countries and 22 sectors from 1998 to 2018. The data is analysed through a variety of techniques including feasible generalized least squares with fixed effects with the Prais-Winsten estimator, reduced vector autoregression, and structural vector autoregression. This research determines that the effects of unconventional monetary policy on capital structure can vary amongst different groups. However, it also finds that most capital structure theories are applicable during periods of unconventional monetary policy. In addition, this work reveals that monetary policy transmission mechanisms differ across conventional and unconventional monetary policy schemes. Unconventional monetary policy most significantly impacts leverage ratios for large private enterprises and has spillover effects globally. The cross-country, cross-sector, cross-firm-type, and cross-firm-size variations suggest that there are group specific factors that determine the impacts of unconventional monetary policy on firm capital structure.
Pengaruh Artibut Produk dan Brand Trust terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Sunscreen Glad2Glow di Kota Surabaya
Authors: Pratama Ovitia Rerolia Fitria , Wardhani Nuruni Ika Kusuma
Published: January 2025

The younger generation in Indonesia is now becoming more concerned with the health of the skin, so the use of sunscreen is increasing. When someone decides to buy sunscreen, things like how good the product is and how much they trust a brand is crucial. The aim of this research is to see how Product Attributes and Brand Trust influence the Purchase Decision of Glad2Glow Sunscreen Products in Surabaya City. The sampling approach was targeted with a total of 90 survey respondents. This research method is a quantitative method with the Partial Least Square method. (PLS). The results of this study show that Product Attributes have a positive influence on Purchase Decisions, and Brand Trust has a positive effect on Purchasing Decision.
CAPITAL, INNOVATION, AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AS DETERMINANTS OF MSME PERFORMANCE IN TLOGOMAS VILLAGE
Authors: Dwi Susanti Rizki Aprilia , Dewi Novitawati Retno Ayu
Published: January 2025

This study is a quantitative research aiming to analyze how capital, innovation, and financial management influence the performance of MSMEs in Tlogomas Village. The sample consists of 35 respondents, representing MSME actors in the area. Data were collected through questionnaires completed by these MSME actors. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis.Based on the t-test results, it was concluded that the capital variable (X1) does not significantly affect MSME performance in Tlogomas Village. Meanwhile, the innovation variable (X2) has a significant effect on MSME performance. The financial management variable (X3) also has a significant effect on MSME performance, with a significance level of 0.003 0.05 and a t-value of 2.008. The F-test results indicate an F-value of 1.523 with a significance level of 0.228 0.05, suggesting that the variables of capital, innovation, and financial management have a simultaneous influence on MSME performance in Tlogomas Village.
PERANAN CO-CREATION PADA SME: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Pamungkas Benni Ahdiyana
Published: January 2025

Small Medium Enterprise (SME) is the biggest supporter of a country's economy but generally has limited resources. For this reason, co-creation is important for SME to create shared value and become a competitive advantage. This study aims to reveal the state-of-the-art of the role of co-creation in SMEs. A systematic literature review was carried out using the PRISMA approach and a total of 15 articles were selected for review. SMEs are very diverse in terms of industrial sectors, technological needs, and positions spread across every corner of the country. The entire article shows that co-creation and collaboration between actors in the SME ecosystem functions to create a climate of mutually beneficial innovation for all parties.
A Systematic Review On the Anatomy of the Descending Branch of the Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery and The Vascularization of Fascia Lata and Its Implication for The Upper Abdominal Wall Reconstruction with Pedicle Fascia Lata Flap: Our Case Series
Authors: Menichini Giulio , Sara Tamburello , AL Andreoli , N Alfonsi , F Mori , M Innocenti
Published: January 2025

Background: The use of pedicled flaps from the thigh for abdominal wall reconstruction has been documented, although supraumbilical defects were previously thought unreachable.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to assess the feasibility of upper abdominal wall reconstructions using pedicled fascia lata (FL) flaps and to conduct clinical cases based on these findings.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Embase databases, following the PRISMA statement. Studies examining the anatomy of the descending branch (DB) of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and the vascularization of the FL were reviewed. Five studies met the inclusion criteria, and three were further included for relevance. Additionally, five cases of large abdominal wall defect reconstructions, primarily in the central or upper quadrants, were selected following Mathes SJ's classification.

Results: Anatomical studies revealed perforators nourishing a wide area of the FL. The FL flap pedicle can extend up to 14-16 cm, which can be further increased by 3 cm by passing the flap beneath the rectus femoris and sartorius muscles and severing all relevant connections. All selected cases were successfully treated using a pedicled FL flap on the DB. Defect dimensions ranged from 10-15 cm in diameter, with pedicle lengths from 12-17 cm and flap sizes from 8 x 10 cm to 15 x 15 cm, surpassing the literature's average of 8.3 cm. Early complications were minimal, with one patient developing a small hernia at 10 months and another experiencing cutaneous dehiscence, both managed conservatively. All patients reported relief from pain or discomfort during exertion and regained satisfactory abdominal function. Follow-up periods ranged from 8 to 72 months.

Conclusions: The wide FL flap raised on DB perforators allows for a significant pedicle length to reach the supraumbilical area without tension, making it a viable option for upper abdominal wall reconstruction.
Effects of Adaptation to Intermittent High Altitude Hypoxia on Ischemic Ventricular Arrhythmias in Rats
Authors: Asemu G , Neckář J , Szárszoi O , Papoušek F , Ošťádal B , Kolář F
Published: January 2025

We compared the effects of adaptation to intermittent high altitude (IHA) hypoxia of various degree and duration on ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias in rats. The animals were exposed to either relatively moderate hypoxia of 5000 m (4 or 8 h/day, 2-3 or 5-6 weeks) or severe hypoxia of 7000 m (8 h/day, 5-6 weeks). Ventricular arrhythmias induced by coronary artery occlusion were assessed in isolated buffer-perfused hearts or open-chest animals. In the isolated hearts, both antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic effects were demonstrated depending on the degree and duration of hypoxic exposure. Whereas the adaptation to 5000 m for 4 h/day decreased the total number of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), extending the daily exposure to 8 h and/or increasing the altitude to 7000 m led to opposite effects. On the contrary, the open-chest rats adapted to IHA hypoxia exhibited an increased tolerance to arrhythmias that was even more pronounced at the higher altitude. The distribution of PVCs over the ischemic period was not altered by any protocol of adaptation. It may be concluded that adaptation to IHA hypoxia is associated with enhanced tolerance of the rat heart to ischemic arrhythmias unless its severity exceeds a certain upper limit. The opposite effects of moderate and severe hypoxia on the isolated hearts cannot be explained by differences in the occluded zone size, heart rate or degree of myocardial fibrosis. The proarrhythmic effect of severe hypoxia may be related to a moderate left ventricular hypertrophy (27 %), which was present in rats adapted to 7000 m but not in those adapted to 5000 m. This adverse effect can be overcome by an unknown protective mechanism(s) that is absent in the isolated hearts.