bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 Outcomes in Patients With Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases Compared to the General Population: A US Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: D’Silva Kristin M. , Jorge April , Cohen Andrew , McCormick Natalie , Zhang Yuqing , Wallace Zachary S. , Choi Hyon K.
Published: December 2020

Objective

Patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) continue to be concerned about risks of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes. This study was undertaken to evaluate the risks of severe outcomes in COVID‐19 patients with systemic ARDs compared to COVID‐19 patients without systemic ARDs.

Methods

Using a large multicenter electronic health record network, we conducted a comparative cohort study of patients with systemic ARDs diagnosed as having COVID‐19 (identified by diagnostic code or positive molecular test result) compared to patients with COVID‐19 who did not have systemic ARDs, matched for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (primary matched model) and additionally matched for comorbidities and health care utilization (extended matched model). Thirty‐day outcomes were assessed, including hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy, ischemic stroke, venous thromboembolism, and death.

Results

We initially identified 2,379 COVID‐19 patients with systemic ARDs (mean age 58 years; 79% female) and 142,750 comparators (mean age 47 years; 54% female). In the primary matched model (2,379 patients with systemic ARDs and 2,379 matched comparators with COVID‐19 without systemic ARDs), patients with systemic ARDs had a significantly higher risk of hospitalization (relative risk [RR] 1.14 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.03–1.26]), ICU admission (RR 1.32 [95% CI 1.03–1.68]), acute renal failure (RR 1.81 [95% CI 1.07–3.07]), and venous thromboembolism (RR 1.74 [95% CI 1.23–2.45]) versus comparators but did not have a significantly higher risk of mechanical ventilation or death. In the extended model, all risks were largely attenuated, except for the risk of venous thromboembolism (RR 1.60 [95% CI 1.14–2.25]).

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that COVID‐19 patients with systemic ARDs may be at a higher risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, acute renal failure, and venous thromboembolism when compared to COVID‐19 patients without systemic ARDs. These risks may be largely mediated by comorbidities, except for the risk of venous thromboembolism.
Student perceptions of an inquiry‐based molecular biology lecture and lab following a mid‐semester transition to online teaching
Authors: Hsu Jeremy L. , Rowland‐Goldsmith Melissa
Published: December 2020

The transition to online learning in spring 2020 was abrupt for both students and instructors. While many instructors moved to asynchronous classes, some institutions relied more heavily on synchronous online courses. Here, we evaluate student perceptions of an inquiry‐based molecular biology lecture and lab course following this transition by comparing student survey responses from spring 2019, when the lecture and lab were fully in person, to spring 2020, when the lecture and lab started in person before transitioning to a synchronous online format. Students were asked to identify the main factors that supported their learning in lecture and lab, characterize the main barriers to learning in those courses, and discuss their preference of having an inquiry‐based lab or a traditional “cookbook” lab with pre‐determined answers. We coded these responses and provide one of the first studies to examine the impact of this online transition on student perceptions of learning in an inquiry‐based molecular biology lecture and lab course.
Brain imaging features in schizophrenia with co‐occurring auditory verbal hallucinations and depressive symptoms—Implication for novel therapeutic strategies to alleviate the reciprocal deterioration
Authors: Zhuo Chuanjun , Fang Tao , Chen Ce , Chen Min , Sun Yun , Ma Xiaoyan , Li Ranli , Tian Hongjun , Ping Jing
Published: December 2020

Background

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) and depressive symptoms are highly prevalent in schizophrenia, and recent progress has been made in understanding the reciprocal deterioration of both symptoms through structural and functional brain imaging studies. To date, there is limited literature on this topic. In this review, we synthesized the recent literature on the neuroimaging features of schizophrenia patients with concurrent AVHs and depressive symptoms.

Methods

A literature search was conducted with the major databases using the keywords, mainly including schizophrenia, AVHs, depression, neuropsychiatric disorders, brain imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

The existing studies have shown that AVHs and depressive symptoms reciprocally deteriorate in patients with schizophrenia, which has challenged the conventional treatment of the disease. Interestingly, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) therapies have emerged as two efficacious brain stimulation treatments that can normalize the brain regions associated with the symptoms, as shown through functional and structural brain imaging studies. In light of these important findings, there is an urgent need to conduct in‐depth neuronal mechanistic studies to identify targets for stimulation therapy.

Conclusions

These new findings may elucidate the pathological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia with concurrent AVHs and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, this review has important clinical implications for developing novel therapeutic strategies to alleviate the reciprocal deterioration AVHs and depressive symptoms of schizophrenia patients.
Racial disparities in receipt of standard chemoradiation in anal squamous cell carcinoma, an analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Bian Shelly X. , Chen Dennis H. , Lin Eugene
Published: December 2020

Background

Standard treatment for locally advanced anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) consists of concurrent chemoradiation. We evaluated whether racial differences exist in the receipt of standard treatment and its association with survival.

Methods

From the National Cancer Database, we identified patients diagnosed with anal SCC (Stages 2–3) between 2004 and 2015. Using logistic regression, we evaluated racial differences in the probability of receiving standard chemoradiation. We used Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate associations between race, receipt of standard therapy and survival.

Results

Our analysis included 19,835 patients. Patients receiving standard chemoradiation had better survival than patients receiving nonstandard therapy (hazard ratio [HR] 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61–0.68; p < 0.001). Compared to White patients, Black patients were less likely to receive standard therapy (odds ratio [OR] 0.85; 95% CI 0.76–0.96; p < 0.008). We observed no statistical difference in mortality between Black and White patients overall (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.97–1.15; p = 0.24). However, for the subgroup of patients receiving nonstandard therapy, Black patients had an increased mortality risk compared to White patients (HR 1.17, CI 1.01–1.35; p = 0.034). We observed no survival differences in the subgroup of patients receiving standard treatment (HR 1.00, CI 0.90–1.11, p = 0.99).

Conclusion

Standard treatment in anal SCC is associated with better survival, but Black patients are less likely to receive standard treatment than White patients. Although Black patients had higher mortality than White patients in the subgroup of patients receiving nonstandard therapy, this difference was ameliorated in the subset receiving standard therapy.
The expanding role of percutaneous mechanical thrombus debulking and extraction in the treatment of critical pulmonary embolism
Authors: Topaz On
Published: December 2020

Key Points

Massive and sub‐massive pulmonary embolism require expeditious management of the cumulative deleterious effects caused by rapidly deteriorating hemodynamic condition, severely compromised cardiac performance, and associated respiratory failure that carry a predictable catastrophic outcome.

The FlowTriever thrombectomy system as applied in 34 patients for massive and submassive pulmonary embolism resulted in 90% success rate including adequate reduction of the PA pressures, improved RV performance, increased CI, improved BP, and heart rates and decreased the need for vasopressors support within 24 hr.

The role of percutaneous mechanical thrombus debulking and extraction continue to expand, and the yield of the FlowTriever thrombectomy system should be considered when determining which intervention is best suited to patients with massive and submassive pulmonary embolism.
Times up to demonstrate a difference is current DES platforms
Authors: Chaudry Hannah , Abbott J. Dawn
Published: December 2020

Key Points

Current generation durable polymer DES have sustained efficacy and safety out to 5 years.

The Orsiro DES has both a bioresorbable polymer and ultra thin struts and has the potential to improve the safety of DES.

In this all comers trial, 3 year outcomes with Orsiro DES were similar to the durable polymer zotarolimus eluting stent.
Catastrophic intracranial hemorrhage associated with eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiitis in a patient after Fontan operation
Authors: Ezaki Hiroki , Muneuchi Jun , Imamoto Naoyuki
Published: December 2020

A 29‐year‐old man after the Fontan operation had a catastrophic intracranial hemorrhage associated with eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiitis. Despite combination therapy with cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone, he was dead at 6 months after the onset. The clinical course was worse owing to underlying coagulopathy and endothelial dysfunction associated with congenital heart disease.

Key Clnical Massage

The majority of patients with complex congenital heart disease survive into adulthood. Potential endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathy can attribute to unexpected clinical manifestations of other extracardiac disease among them.
Successful treatment of Serratia Marcescens peritonitis in a patient receiving peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Yang Ning , Li Longkai
Published: December 2020

An old man receiving peritoneal dialysis was diagnosed with Serratia marcescens peritonitis, a rare case with poor prognosis. Powerful antibiotics based on culture results and enough duration cured the case successfully despite its high virulence.
2D Heterojunction Between Double Perovskite Oxide Nanosheet and Layered Double Hydroxide to Promote Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Battery Performance
Authors: Mondal Surajit , Majee Rahul , Arif Islam Quazi , Bhattacharyya Sayan
Published: December 2020

The role of two‐dimensional (2D) materials in electrocatalytic energy conversion reactions is unprecedented among which the earth‐abundant metal oxide nanosheets (NSs) that could promote bifunctional electrocatalytic oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER) remain elusive. <20 nm thick double perovskite oxide, Pr0.5Ba0.5Mn1.8‐xNbxCo0.2O6‐δ(PBMNC‐x, x=0–0.3, δ=0.38–0.59) NSs having a lateral spread of ∼300 nm were designed with exsolved metallic Co and Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) anchored to the NS surface. PBMNC‐0.1 NSs demonstrate the best ORR/OER bifunctional activity among all PBMNC‐x samples with a bifunctionality index (BI) of 1.36 V, which is the combined OER and ORR overpotential (η) at 10 and−3 mA/cm2 current density, respectively. To promote the OER performance, chemically attached 2D heterojunctions of PBMNC‐0.1 NS and ymol % of NiFe (3 : 1) layered double hydroxide (NiFe‐LDH) were hydrothermally synthesized. Among the PBMNC/LDH‐y heterojunctions, PBMNC/LDH‐20 shows the lowest BI of 1.06 V because of an electronic reorganization at the heterojunction as evidenced from Mott‐Schottky analysis. Proof of concept rechargeable zinc‐air battery (r‐ZAB) with PBMNC/LDH‐20 cathode exhibits a specific capacity of 695.6 mA.h/gZn and roundtrip charge‐discharge stability for 100 h at 5 mA/cm2, surpassing the performance of state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C‐RuO2 couple.
Nanocomposite Hydrogel of Pd@ZIF‐8 and Laponite®: Size‐Selective Hydrogenation Catalyst under Mild Conditions
Authors: Sutar Papri , Bakuru Vasudeva Rao , Yadav Pooja , Laha Subhajit , Kalidindi Suresh Babu , Maji Tapas Kumar
Published: December 2020

The composite hydrogel of a nanoscale metal–organic framework (NMOF) and nanoclay has emerged as a new soft‐material with advanced properties and applications. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of a hydrogel nanocomposite by charge‐assisted self‐assembly of Pd@ZIF‐8 nanoparticles with Laponite® nanoclay which coat the surface of Pd@ZIF‐8 nanoparticles. Such surface coating significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the ZIF‐8 compared to the pristine framework. Further, the Pd@ZIF‐8+LP hydrogel nanocomposite shows better size‐selective catalytic hydrogenation of olefins than Pd@ZIF‐8 nanoparticles based on selective diffusion of the substrate.
A Series of Bisamide‐Substituted Diacetylenes Exhibiting a Terminal Alkyl Odd/Even Parity Effect on Mechanoactivated Photopolymerization
Authors: Qi Jiajun , Kim Yuna , Takahashi Kiyonori , Aoki Ken'ichi , Hisaki Ichiro , Nakamura Takayoshi , Tamaoki Nobuyuki
Published: December 2020

Diacetylene derivatives exhibit solid‐state polymerization to polydiacetylene initiated by UV light or γ‐ray irradiation. The activation of the photopolymerization relies on the monomer diynes arrangement. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the first mechanoresponsive bisamide substituted diacetylenes (DAs) show dramatic switching from light‐inert to light‐reactive states at a given pressure. The origin of this unique phenomenon was apparently related to the pressure‐sensitive crystalline transition in DAs, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. To obtain more insight, herein a series of DAs with varying terminal alkyl spacer length is presented, and their molecular structural effect on the intermolecular hydrogen bonding and steric repulsion is examined. In pristine states, even‐parity DAs were inactive upon UV irradiation (λ=254 nm) unless external pressure was applied. By contrast, odd‐parity DAs were easily polymerized upon UV irradiation without pressure application. However, the pressure‐induced crystalline phase transition exhibiting photopolymerization was valid for all DAs regardless of their alkyl spacer length. A systematic investigation revealed that the terminal alkyl spacer length, especially its odd/even parity plays a key role in determining the intrinsic intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding nature of DA crystals and the resultant molecular packing. In addition, the relevant thermochromic behavior was also observed from photopolymerized polydiacetylenes.
Bildgebende UV/VIS‐Spektroskopie zur Untersuchung des Einflusses der Fluiddynamik auf die Entstehung von Haupt‐ und Nebenprodukt in schnellen konkurrierenden konsekutiven Gas‐Flüssig‐Reaktionen
Authors: Kexel Felix , von Kameke Alexandra , Oßberger Martin , Hoffmann Marko , Klüfers Peter , Schlüter Michael
Published: December 2020

Zur Bildung vieler Bulk‐Chemikalien müssen gasförmige Stoffe mit einer kontinuierlichen flüssigen Phase vermischt und zur Reaktion gebracht werden. Häufig kommt es dabei zur Entstehung unerwünschter Nebenprodukte. Wie die Entstehung eines Nebenprodukts einer schnellen konkurrierenden Folgereaktion durch die Zeitskalen der Vermischung beeinflusst werden kann wird untersucht. Zum Einsatz kommt ein Taylor‐Blasen‐Experiment, bei dem die Zeitskalen der Vermischung systematisch und reproduzierbar variiert werden können. Es zeigt sich, dass der Vermischung in der Wirbelschleppe einer Blase hinsichtlich der Entstehung von Nebenprodukten eine maßgebliche Bedeutung zukommt.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Carbon‐Carbon Bond Activation in Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Bi Xiufen , Zhang Qiuchi , Gu Zhenhua
Published: December 2020

Catalytic asymmetric transformations involving carbon‐carbon bond cleavages open intriguing strategies for the synthesis of chiral complex molecules. The transient organometallic species mainly generate from the oxidative addition of cyclic compounds with low valence metals or from β‐carbon elimination of tert‐alkoxyl metals. This overview covers the recent advances in transition‐metal‐catalyzed carbon‐carbon bond activation in asymmetric synthesis.
A Divergent Paired Electrochemical Process for the Conversion of Furfural Using a Divided‐Cell Flow Microreactor
Authors: Cao Yiran , Knijff Jasper , Delparish Amin , d'Angelo Maria Fernanda Neira , Noёl Timothy
Published: December 2020

Furfural is a prominent, non‐petroleum‐based chemical feedstock material, derived from abundantly available hemicellulose. Hence, its derivatization into other useful biobased chemicals is a subject of high interest in contemporary academic and industrial research activities. While most strategies to convert furfural require energy‐intensive reaction routes, the use of electrochemical activation allows to provide a sustainable and green alternative. Herein, a disparate approach for the conversion of furfural is reported based on a divergent paired electrochemical conversion, enabling the simultaneous production of 2(5H)‐furanone via an anodic oxidation, and the generation of furfuryl alcohol and/or hydrofuroin via a cathodic reduction. Using water as solvent and NaBr as supporting electrolyte and electron‐mediator, a green and sustainable process was developed, which maximizes productive use of electricity and minimizes byproduct formation.
Synergistic interaction between B vitamins and statins to counter nociception in rats
Authors: Skiold López‐Canales Jorge , Estefania Ruiz‐Pedraza Paola , Carolina García‐Paz María Paola , Mery López‐Mayorga Ruth , Fernando Castillo‐Henkel Enrique , Jair Lozano‐Cuenca
Published: December 2020

Evidence suggests that the antinociceptive activity of various drugs can be increased when administered in combination with B vitamins (BVs). The aim of this study was to examine the potential interaction between statins and BVs to counter nociception, the latter measured by the formalin test. Rats were orally administered atorvastatin (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg), pravastatin (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg), rosuvastatin (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg), BVs (31, 56, 100 and 180 mg/kg) or calculated combinations of BVs with each drug. The effective dose 30 (ED30) was calculated for each statin and BVs and subjected to isobolographic analysis, thus finding the ED30 of the combinations. The antinociceptive experimental ED30 values for BVs administered with atorvastatin, pravastatin or rosuvastatin were 1.53 ± 0.38, 6.74 ± 0.04 and 4.26 ± 0.39, respectively, being lower (p < .05) than the corresponding theoretical ED30: 28.02 ± 2.20, 28.17 ± 2.20 and 29.86 ± 2.21. Since BVs likely boost the antinociceptive effect of statins, these combinations could possibly be advantageous in pain management.
Central coherence and set‐shifting between nonunderweight eating disorders and anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Keegan Ella , Tchanturia Kate , Wade Tracey D.
Published: December 2020

Objective

This systematic review and meta‐analysis compared previously documented inefficiencies in central coherence and set‐shifting between people with nonunderweight eating disorders (bulimia nervosa and binge‐eating disorder) and people with anorexia nervosa.

Method

We performed random‐effects meta‐analyses on 16 studies (1,112 participants) for central coherence and 38 studies (3,505 participants) for set‐shifting. Random effects meta‐regressions were used to test whether the effect sizes for people with nonunderweight eating disorders were significantly different from the effect sizes for people with anorexia nervosa.

Results

People with anorexia nervosa (Hedge's g = −0.53, 95% CIs: −0.80, −0.27, p < .001) and bulimia nervosa (Hedge's g = −0.70, 95% CIs: −1.14, −0.25, p = .002), but not binge‐eating disorder, had significantly poorer central coherence than healthy controls. Similarly, people with anorexia nervosa (Hedge's g = −0.38, 95% CIs: −0.50, −0.26, p < .001) and bulimia nervosa (Hedge's g = −0.55, 95% CIs: −0.81, −0.29, p < .001), but not binge‐eating disorder, had significantly poorer set‐shifting than healthy controls. The effect sizes for people with nonunderweight eating disorders did not significantly differ from those for people with anorexia nervosa.

Discussion

Our meta‐analysis was underpowered to make definitive judgments about people with binge‐eating disorder. However, we found that people with bulimia nervosa clearly have central coherence and set‐shifting inefficiencies which do not significantly differ from those observed in people with anorexia nervosa. Clinically, this suggests that people with bulimia nervosa might benefit from adjunctive approaches to address these inefficiencies, such as cognitive remediation therapy.
Health professionals' familiarity and experience with providing clinical care for pediatric avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
Authors: Coelho Jennifer S. , Norris Mark L. , Tsai Stephen C. E. , Wu Yuwei J. , Lam Pei‐Yoong
Published: December 2020

Objective

The current study explored the experience and familiarity of pediatric health professionals with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), and assessed the application of diagnostic criteria in a series of clinical vignettes.

Method

Pediatric health professionals were invited to complete an online survey. Data from 93 health professionals from medical and allied health roles who completed the survey were analyzed.

Results

Respondents providing care for pediatric feeding/eating disorders were more likely to report familiarity with ARFID than those not typically providing care for feeding/eating disorders. Clinicians who had provided care for pediatric ARFID reported more confidence in clinical management of ARFID than did those who had not yet provided care for ARFID, though there were overall relatively low levels of confidence in providing care for ARFID. Respondents to the clinical vignettes were more likely to confer a diagnosis of ARFID when there were symptoms of both psychosocial impairment and weight loss than when there was psychosocial impairment alone.

Discussion

The results suggest variability in current application of diagnostic criteria for ARFID, low confidence in clinical management of ARFID, and ambiguity in clinicians' judgments regarding whether psychosocial impairment is sufficient to meet a diagnosis of ARFID.
Changes in chlorophyll a and its response to nitrogen and phosphorus characteristics over the past three decades in Poyang Lake, China
Authors: Ma Mingzhen , Jia Junjie , Hu Yang , Yang Jun , Lu Yao , Shi Kun , Gao Yang
Published: December 2020

In this study, we explore the relationship between changes in chlorophyll a (Chl a) content, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) characteristics from 1989 to 2018 in Poyang Lake, China, by applying Landsat Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper (TM/ETM) image data in combination with in situ monitoring data. Results showed that the average Chl a content in water over this 30‐year period was 5.77 μg/L. Although the water quality status of the lake was generally healthy, proportional Chl a content >10 μg/L (E10) has gradually increased, and the water quality in some areas of the lake has subsequently deteriorated over the past 30 years. Additionally, E10 was significantly positively correlated to the TN/TP. Changes in Chl a content were significantly positively correlated to the ratio of TN flux to TP flux from tributaries into the lake, but negatively correlated to TP flux. Results indicated that Lake can be categorized as phosphorus‐sufficient and nitrogen limited.
Co‐N‐doped hierarchically ordered macro/mesoporous carbon as bifunctional electrocatalyst toward oxygen reduction/evolution reactions
Authors: Meng Zihan , Chen Neng , Cai Shichang , Wang Rui , Guo Weibin , Tang Haolin
Published: December 2020

Exploring progressed activity and stability, electrocatalyst toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), has been the most considerable factor in extensive commercialization of metal‐air batteries and fuel cells. Herein, Co/N co‐doped 3D hierarchical porous bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst was synthesized using F127 as soft template and PMMA nanosphere as hard template to build hierarchically ordered macro/mesoporous porous nanostructure. The as‐obtained macro/mesoporous Co‐N‐doped carbon endowing its 3D ordered hierarchical porosity and satisfactory surface area, leading to superior performance for ORR, OER, and rechargeable Zn‐air battery. For ORR, the catalyst showed superior ORR activity with an attractive half‐wave potential of 0.85 V (vs RHE), remarkable methanol tolerance, and robust long‐term stability under alkaline electrolyte. For OER, the as‐synthetized electrocatalyst exhibited low overpotential of 1.67 V (vs RHE) under the current density of 10 mA/cm2. Moreover, the Zn‐air battery assembled from the hierarchical porous catalyst displayed a high peak power density of 146 mW/cm2.
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: Psychopathological similarities and differences in comparison to anorexia nervosa and the general population
Authors: Cañas Laura , Palma Carol , Molano Ana M. , Domene Lola , Carulla‐Roig Marta , Cecilia‐Costa Raquel , Dolz Montserrat , Serrano‐Troncoso Eduardo
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) categorises patients with selective and/or restrictive eating patterns in the absence of distorted cognition concerning weight, food, and body image.

Objective

To examine the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients with ARFID in comparison to those with anorexia nervosa (AN) and to a non‐clinical group (NCG).

Method

A descriptive, observational, comparative study made up of three groups (ARFID, AN and NCG). Ninety‐nine children and adolescents were analyzed by means of a semi‐structured diagnostic interview and questionnaires on depression, anxiety, clinical fears and general psychopathology.

Results

The ARFID group was significantly younger (10.8 vs. 14.1 years of age), with a greater proportion of males (60.6% vs. 6.1%), an earlier onset of illness (6.2 vs. 13.4 years of age), and a longer period of evolution of the illness (61.2 vs. 8.4 months) compared to the AN group. Clinically, patients with ARFID showed greater medical (42.4% vs. 12.1%) and psychiatric (81.8% vs. 33.3%) comorbidity—assessed with a semi‐structured diagnostic interview—greater clinical fear (p < 0.005), more attention problems (p < 0.005) and fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression (p < 0.005)—measured with self‐report questionnaires.

Conclusions

ARFID is a serious disorder with a significant impact on the physical and mental health of the pediatric population. Likewise, some of these physical and mental conditions may be a risk factor in developing ARFID. Attention problems and clinical fears in ARFID, and the greater presence of internalised symptoms in AN, were the main differences found in the psychopathological profiles.
Beneficial contribution of induced pluripotent stem cell‐progeny to Connexin 47 dynamics during demyelination‐remyelination
Authors: Mozafari Sabah , Deboux Cyrille , Laterza Cecilia , Ehrlich Marc , Kuhlmann Tanja , Martino Gianvito , Baron‐Van Evercooren Anne
Published: December 2020

Oligodendrocytes are extensively coupled to astrocytes, a phenomenon ensuring glial homeostasis and maintenance of central nervous system myelin. Molecular disruption of this communication occurs in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Less is known about the vulnerability and reconstruction of the panglial network during adult demyelination‐remyelination. Here, we took advantage of lysolcithin‐induced demyelination to investigate the expression dynamics of the oligodendrocyte specific connexin 47 (Cx47) and to some extent that of astrocyte Cx43, and whether this dynamic could be modulated by grafted induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐neural progeny. Our data show that disruption of Cx43‐Cx47 mediated hetero‐cellular gap‐junction intercellular communication following demyelination is larger in size than demyelination. Loss of Cx47 expression is timely rescued during remyelination and accelerated by the grafted neural precursors. Moreover, mouse and human iPSC‐derived oligodendrocytes express Cx47, which co‐labels with astrocyte Cx43, indicating their integration into the panglial network. These data suggest that in rodents, full lesion repair following transplantation occurs by panglial reconstruction in addition to remyelination. Targeting panglial elements by cell therapy or pharmacological compounds may help accelerating or stabilizing re/myelination in myelin disorders.
Stimulus transformation into motor action: Dynamic graph analysis reveals a posterior‐to‐anterior shift in brain network communication of older subjects
Authors: Rosjat Nils , Wang Bin A. , Liu Liqing , Fink Gereon R. , Daun Silvia
Published: December 2020

Cognitive performance slows down with increasing age. This includes cognitive processes that are essential for the performance of a motor act, such as the slowing down in response to an external stimulus. The objective of this study was to identify aging‐associated functional changes in the brain networks that are involved in the transformation of external stimuli into motor action. To investigate this topic, we employed dynamic graphs based on phase‐locking of Electroencephalography signals recorded from healthy younger and older subjects while performing a simple visually‐cued finger‐tapping task. The network analysis yielded specific age‐related network structures varying in time in the low frequencies (2–7 Hz), which are closely connected to stimulus processing, movement initiation and execution in both age groups. The networks in older subjects, however, contained several additional, particularly interhemispheric, connections and showed an overall increased coupling density. Cluster analyses revealed reduced variability of the subnetworks in older subjects, particularly during movement preparation. In younger subjects, occipital, parietal, sensorimotor and central regions were—temporally arranged in this order—heavily involved in hub nodes. Whereas in older subjects, a hub in frontal regions preceded the noticeably delayed occurrence of sensorimotor hubs, indicating different neural information processing in older subjects. All observed changes in brain network organization, which are based on neural synchronization in the low frequencies, provide a possible neural mechanism underlying previous fMRI data, which report an overactivation, especially in the prefrontal and pre‐motor areas, associated with a loss of hemispheric lateralization in older subjects.
Tuberculosis screening and management of latent tuberculosis infection prior to biologic treatment in patients with immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases: A longitudinal population‐based analysis using claims data
Authors: Iba Arisa , Tomio Jun , Yamana Hayato , Sugiyama Takehiro , Yoshiyama Takashi , Kobayashi Yasuki
Published: December 2020

Background and Aim

Screening for tuberculosis before treating with biologic agents is recommended in patients with immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). We conducted this study to identify adherence to the recommended practice in a real‐world setting in Japan.

Methods

We used a community‐based insurance claims database in a city in the Greater Tokyo Area in Japan. Between July 2012 and January 2019, we enrolled patients with IMIDs in the age range 15 to 74 years who had initiated biologic therapy. Tuberculosis screening was defined as (a) interferon‐γ release assay and/or a tuberculin skin test (IGRA/TST) and (b) IGRA/TST and X‐ray and/or CT scan (X‐ray/CT) within 2 months before starting biologic agents. We analyzed the proportions of patients who underwent tuberculosis screening and their association with the patient‐ and treatment‐related factors and treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).

Results

Of 421 patients presumed to have initiated biologic therapy, 202 (48%) underwent IGRA/TST and 169 (40%) underwent IGRA/TST and X‐ray/CT. Patients aged 65 to 74 years were more likely to undergo tuberculosis screening than those aged 45 to 64 years. Compared to infliximab, IGRA/TST was less frequently performed in patients treated with etanercept, adalimumab, golimumab, abatacept, and tocilizumab. Treatment for LTBI was provided to 67 (16%) patients. Proportions of patients receiving LTBI treatment did not significantly differ according to the screening status.

Conclusion

There was low adherence to the recommendations for tuberculosis screening and prophylactic treatment before biologic therapy. It is necessary to continue alerting clinical practitioners to the importance of screening for tuberculosis and treatment for LTBI.
Maternal and neonatal anthropometric analyses: Determining birth outcomes in low‐risk pregnancies at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki
Authors: Ezemagu Uchenna K. , Uzomba Godwin C. , Chuwkuemeka Ubochi , Rachel Ogbu , Friday Egba C. , Onuora Olisa
Published: December 2020

Objective

To assess the input of maternal and neonatal body physique anthropometries to birth outcomes.

Methods

A prospective study of 177 full‐term births at Alex Ekwueme Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki from July to December, 2019. Maternal and neonatal anthropometric parameters and birth outcomes: mode of delivery and Apgar score were considered in this study. The measurements followed the guidelines outlined by the Institute of Medicine.

Results

The prevalence of low birth weight (6.21%), cesarean delivery (14.12%), and abnormal Apgar score (9.04%) was relatively low in the study. Birth weight was dependent on maternal age, weight, body mass index, percentage body fat, and waist and hip circumference (P < 0.05). Normal Apgar score at 1 min after birth of male neonates was dependent on maternal BMI and neonatal head circumference whereas abnormal Apgar score in male and female neonates was dependent on maternal age and waist:hip ratio, respectively (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Maternal and neonatal body physique anthropometries can be used to identify mothers and neonates at risk of having birth complications. This provided a practical alternative means to know the possible risk of undesirable birth outcomes with spontaneous vaginal delivery in low‐risk pregnancies.
Combining shrinkage and sparsity in conjugate vector autoregressive models
Authors: Hauzenberger Niko , Huber Florian , Onorante Luca
Published: December 2020

Conjugate priors allow for fast inference in large dimensional vector autoregressive (VAR) models. But at the same time, they introduce the restriction that each equation features the same set of explanatory variables. This paper proposes a straightforward means of postprocessing posterior estimates of a conjugate Bayesian VAR to effectively perform equation‐specific covariate selection. Compared with existing techniques using shrinkage alone, our approach combines shrinkage and sparsity in both the VAR coefficients and the error variance–covariance matrices, greatly reducing estimation uncertainty in large dimensions while maintaining computational tractability. We illustrate our approach by means of two applications. The first application uses synthetic data to investigate the properties of the model across different data‐generating processes, and the second application analyzes the predictive gains from sparsification in a forecasting exercise for U.S. data.
Protective effects ofNigella sativaextract against H2O2‐induced cell death through the inhibition of DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)
Authors: Farshori Nida N. , Saquib Quaiser , Siddiqui Maqsood A. , Al‐Oqail Mai M. , Al‐Sheddi Ebtesam S. , Al‐Massarani Shaza M. , Al‐Khedhairy Abdulaziz A.
Published: December 2020

Oxidative stress is known to induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in endothelial cells and indorse development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this research was to assess the cytoprotective effects of ethanolic extract ofNigella sativa(NSE) against H2O2‐induced cell death in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and also study the probable mechanisms through which NSE exhibited cyto‐protection. The cytotoxicity was measured by exposing the HUVECs with NSE (10–200 μg/ml) and H2O2(25–1000 μM) for 24 h. Then, the HUVECs were pretreated with noncytotoxic doses (10–50 μg/ml) of NSE for 24 h before administration of 200 μM H2O2for 24 h. The MTT, NRU, and morphological assays were performed to assess the cytotoxicity and cyto‐protection. Potential antioxidant activity of NSE on oxidative stress marker (glutathione [GSH] and lipid peroxidation [LPO]) was also evaluated. The fluorescence probe, DCF‐DA, and Rh123 were applied to measure the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, flow cytometric analysis and comet assay were used to study the cell cycle arrest and DNA damage, respectively. The concentrations (10, 30, and 50 μg/ml) of NSE were found to protect HUVECs against H2O2(200 μM)‐induced cytotoxicity in HUVECs. Pretreatment of HUVECs with NSE significantly reduced the LPO and ROS levels and restored the GSH and loss of MMP induced by H2O2. Furthermore, NSE inhibited H2O2‐induced cell cycle arrest and cellular DNA damage in HUVECs. Altogether, these results suggest that NSE can prevent H2O2‐induced cell death, and NSE could be a potential candidate that can prevent HUVECs against toxicants.
When Being “Essential” Illuminates Disparities: Counseling Clients Affected by COVID‐19
Authors: Litam Stacey Diane Arañez , Hipolito‐Delgado Carlos P.
Published: December 2020

The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) has highlighted social disparities in the United States. This article examines how preexisting racial and ethnic disparities, exacerbated by COVID‐19, have negatively affected communities of color that tend to be overrepresented in lower socioeconomic groups, have limited access to health care and education, have an undocumented status, and work in jobs considered “essential.” Counselors are encouraged to use creative strategies to design and facilitate telecounseling and reduced‐ or no‐cost workshops in which attendees can participate safely. Specific cultural considerations, aspects of crisis management, and creative interventions that can be used with clients of color at an appropriate social distance are discussed. Counselors can also instill hope in their clients by promoting sociopolitical development. As the impact of COVID‐19 will be felt for years, it is crucial that counselors be prepared to address the needs of those disproportionately affected.
Exploring Counselor Experiences of Training in Relational Depth: An Interpretative Phenomenological Inquiry
Authors: Ray Dee C. , Lankford Cody T. , Malacara Audrey B. , Woehler Elliott , McCullough Rachel
Published: December 2020

Relational depth is an emergent counseling construct that captures the profound connection felt by client and counselor in moments of therapeutic encounter. We used interpretative phenomenological analysis to understand how 10 doctoral counseling students perceived curricular experiences designed to facilitate their ability to engage in relational depth. We identified the following themes: mutuality, counselor growth, externalized to internalized expectations, authenticity, impact of relational depth educational experiences, and relational depth reflection and articulation.
Guanylate‐binding protein 1 correlates with advanced tumor features, and serves as a prognostic biomarker for worse survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Wan Quanchao , Qu Jingming , Li Longfei , Gao Feng
Published: December 2020

Objective

Guanylate‐binding protein 1 (GBP1) is reported to promote tumor progression and treatment resistance in lung cancer, and presents as a prognostic biomarker in several solid tumors. However, the related research of GBP1 in clinical management of lung adenocarcinoma is still lacking. Therefore, the present study aimed to detect the clinical role of GBP1 in lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods

The clinical data of 221 lung adenocarcinoma patients were retrospectively analyzed, and then, their tumor tissue specimens and paired adjacent tissue specimens were retrieved for GBP1 detection via immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay.

Results

GBP1 expression was upregulated in tumor tissues compared with adjacent tissues (P < .001). Moreover, high tumor GBP1 expression was associated with larger tumor size (P = .030), positive lymph node (LYN) metastasis (P = .001), advanced TNM stage (P = .001), and abnormal preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (P = .026). Furthermore, tumor GBP1 high expression was correlated with reduced disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), and was of independent value in predicting worse DFS and OS. Additionally, data analysis of 1144 lung cancer patients derived from KMplot database (www.kmplot.com) further verified that GBP1 expression was negatively correlated with OS (P = .009).

Conclusion

GBP1 correlates with advanced tumor features and worse survival profiles, suggesting its value to be a prognostic biomarker in management of lung adenocarcinoma.
The “3 Es” of trauma‐informed care in a federally qualified health center: TraumaticEvent‐ andExperience‐related predictors of physical and mental healthEffectsamong female patients
Authors: Lathan Emma C. , Selwyn Candice N. , Langhinrichsen‐Rohling Jennifer
Published: December 2020

Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) are a fast‐growing source of healthcare for women with intersectional identities, or those most frequently exposed to and negatively impacted by interpersonal trauma. According to the “3 E” conceptualization of trauma, certainEvent‐ andExperience‐related characteristics of a trauma predict victims’ physical and mental healthEffects. The “3 Es” have yet to be studied in female FQHC patients. The current study examined the prevalence of interpersonal trauma and interrelationships among traumaticEvent‐related factors (e.g., cumulative trauma by victim‐perpetrator relationship),Experience‐related factors (e.g., betrayal, resilience), andEffects(e.g., somatic symptoms, posttraumatic stress (PTS), anxiety/depression, mistrust, reduced sense of safety) among 138 predominantly Black (89.1%) women receiving care at an FQHC in the southeastern U.S. Roughly 65% of participants (n = 86) endorsed exposure to at least one type of interpersonal trauma. More cumulative trauma was significantly correlated with more somatic, PTS, and anxious/depressive symptoms, and a reduced sense of safety.Experiencesof betrayal and/or resilience were better predictors of PTS and anxious/depressive symptoms and lack of safety thanEvent‐related factors. Findings support the need for the implementation of trauma‐informed care within community‐based health centers. Healthcare providers should consider women's subjective experience of trauma when screening for exposure and providing trauma‐sensitive care.
Osteoblast‐specific deficiency of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase or phosphodiesterase‐1 engenders insulin resistance in high‐fat diet fed mice
Authors: Roberts Fiona L. , Rashdan Nabil A. , Phadwal Kanchan , Markby Greg R. , Dillon Scott , Zoll Janna , Berger Julian , Milne Elspeth , Orriss Isabel R. , Karsenty Gerard , Le Saux Olivier , Morton Nicholas M. , Farquharson Colin , MacRae Vicky E.
Published: December 2020

Supraphysiological levels of the osteoblast‐enriched mineralization regulator ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase or phosphodiesterase‐1 (NPP1) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We determined the impact of osteoblast‐specific Enpp1 ablation on skeletal structure and metabolic phenotype in mice. Female, but not male, 6‐week‐old mice lacking osteoblast NPP1 expression (osteoblast‐specific knockout [KO]) exhibited increased femoral bone volume or total volume (17.50% vs. 11.67%; p < .01), and reduced trabecular spacing (0.187 vs. 0.157 mm; p < .01) compared with floxed (control) mice. Furthermore, an enhanced ability of isolated osteoblasts from the osteoblast‐specific KO to calcify their matrix in vitro compared to fl/fl osteoblasts was observed (p < .05). Male osteoblast‐specific KO and fl/fl mice showed comparable glucose and insulin tolerance despite increased levels of insulin–sensitizing under‐carboxylated osteocalcin (195% increase; p < .05). However, following high‐fat‐diet challenge, osteoblast‐specific KO mice showed impaired glucose and insulin tolerance compared with fl/fl mice. These data highlight a crucial local role for osteoblast NPP1 in skeletal development and a secondary metabolic impact that predominantly maintains insulin sensitivity.
The role of the calmodulin‐binding and calmodulin‐like domains of the epidermal growth factor receptor in tyrosine kinase activation
Authors: Abdelli Faten , Jellali Karim , Anguita Estefanía , González‐Muñoz María , Villalobo Eduardo , Madroñal Ivan , Alcalde Juan , Ben Ali Mamdouh , Elloumi‐Mseddi Jihene , Jemel Ikram , Tebar Francesc , Enrich Carlos , Aifa Sami , Villalobo Antonio
Published: December 2020

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) harbors a calmodulin (CaM)‐binding domain (CaM‐BD) and a CaM‐like domain (CaM‐LD) upstream and downstream, respectively, of the tyrosine kinase (TK) domain. We demonstrate in this paper that deletion of the positively charged CaM‐BD (EGFR/CaM‐BD∆) inactivated the TK activity of the receptor. Moreover, deletion of the negatively charged CaM‐LD (EGFR/CaM‐LD∆), leaving a single negative residue (glutamate), reduced the activity of the receptor. In contrast, substituting the CaM‐LD with a histidine/valine‐rich peptide (EGFR/InvCaM‐LD) caused full inactivation. We also demonstrated using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry that the chimera EGFR‐green fluorescent protein (GFP)/CaM‐BD∆, the EGFR/CaM‐LD∆, and EGFR/InvCaM‐LD mutants all bind tetramethylrhodamine‐labelled EGF. These EGFR mutants were localized at the plasma membrane as the wild‐type receptor does. However, only the EGFR/CaM‐LD∆ and EGFR/InvCaM‐LD mutants appear to undergo ligand‐dependent internalization, while the EGFR‐GFP/CaM‐BD∆ mutant seems to be deficient in this regard. The obtained results and in silico modelling studies of the asymmetric structure of the EGFR kinase dimer support a role of a CaM‐BD/CaM‐LD electrostatic interaction in the allosteric activation of the EGFR TK.
Dectin‐1–mediated suppression of RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis by glucan from baker's yeast
Authors: Hara Shiika , Nagai‐Yoshioka Yoshie , Yamasaki Ryota , Adachi Yoshiyuki , Fujita Yuko , Watanabe Kouji , Maki Kenshi , Nishihara Tatsuji , Ariyoshi Wataru
Published: December 2020

Immunoreceptors expressed on osteoclast precursor cells modify osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption activity. Dectin‐1 is a lectin receptor of β‐glucan and is specifically expressed in osteoclast precursor cells. In this study, we evaluated the bioactivity of β‐glucan on receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclastogenesis and observed that glucan from baker's yeast inhibited this process in mouse bone marrow cells and dectin‐1–overexpressing RAW264.7 (d‐RAW) cells. In conjunction, RANKL‐induced nuclear factor of activated T cell c1 expression was suppressed, subsequently downregulating TRAP and Oc‐stamp. Additionally, nuclear factor‐kappa B activation and the expression of c‐fos and Blimp1 were reduced in d‐RAW cells. Furthermore, glucan from baker's yeast induced the degradation of Syk protein, essential factor for osteoclastogenesis. These results suggest that glucan from baker's yeast suppresses RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and can be applied as a new treatment strategy for bone‐related diseases.