bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Changing British Political System
Authors:   John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (Poland), Ronek Grzegorz
Published: October 2019

The British political system is unusual in many aspects. First of all, Britain lacks a written constitution. The country’s political system has long appeared a model of stability in a changing world. It should be noted that European integration has had a considerable impact on the British political system. However, the election of Tony Blair government in 1997 was a starting point towards serious constitutional reforms. One of the most important was the devolution and The House of Lords reform. Apart from it Human Rights and Freedom of Information Act were introduced. In 2000 a directly elected mayor of London was elected. In 2010 a coalition government was established with David Cameron as the Prime Minister from the Conservative Party. The second were the Liberal Democrats. This coalition in itself was unusual in Britain’s post-war history. The set of changes in the British political system was an important part of the coalition agreement. The first stage was The Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 which provided for a referendum on the voting system for UK Parliament and reduced the number of constituencies. The second was The Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 which set the date of the next general election as 7th May 2015 and on the first Thursday in every fifth year there after. There are only two circumstances when early elections can be held. The Monarch no longer dissolves Parliament, but the Act does not affect her/his power to prorogue Parliament. In 2011 proposed reforms to the royal succession were also announced. They changed the rules of succession and the fi rst-born child of a monarch would be heir apparent regardless of gender. Apart from it there were plans to reform the House of Lords again. Its current serving members were to be replaced by a semi-elected house of as few as 300 members (240 elected and 60 appointed). The plans failed, because they did not gain acceptance. Constitutional changes since 1997 have been extensive, but there was no holistic view on the reform process. Nowadays the country faces the possible separation of Scotland, which could lead to the breakup of the United Kingdom. It could be a revolutionary change of the British political system. However, there are close links between Scotland and the rest of the country and in all probability the status quo will prevail.
The Mass Media in Modern Armed Conflict. The case of Iraq in 2003–2010
Authors:   University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland), Stankiewicz Wojciech
Published: October 2019

The Article reflects on the influence and distortion of mass media in modern days. Its original role of a bearer of truth, accurate information and its role, nowadays, used mainly to manipulate the audience to achieve a specific reaction. The overwhelming forces of media are illustrated on the examples of the American conflict with Iraq from 2003 to 2010 starting with the World Trade Centre Attack and ending with the opinion of the polish audience concerning the American-Iraqi confl ict. Th e article is divided in two parts, analyzing mass media and the foreign policy of George W. Bush over Iraq aft er September 11, 2001 and the role of US and Polish media in the process of citizens’ preparation for the conflict in Iraq. Th e first part approaches the importance of mass media for U.S. foreign policy against Iraq, created by President George W. Bush, especially after the September 11, 2001. It shows also how far society is involved in the maintaining of this policy. The article focuses on the influence of media during conflicts and how the public opinion and military actions influence one another. The second part focused on the supposed role of media to inform and prepare the people for conflicts. Instead, the society is overwhelmed with information so the risk shows, that the necessary news get partially lost. To prove this distortion a survey was made showing an accordance to the given information with different newspapers, radio and TV stations. Regarding the increasing of fear and misleading public opinion the Polish media did not react differently than the American. This process resulted in the opinion of polish society that their military forces should join the conflict in order to protect their freedom and safety.
International Sport in the Struggle for Political Cooperation
Authors:   University of Łódź (Poland), Marcin Kobierecki Michał
Published: October 2019

Political significance of sport is usually bound with international rivalry and conflict. However, sport tends to have a role in fostering international dialogue and cooperation as well. The aim of the article is to present the most important examples of this role of international sport. There is a number of examples verifying the hypothesis about consensual role of sport in international politics. Despite political signifi cance, sport is not purely a part of the world of politics. This situation grants sport with an advantage in possibility of establishing international cooperation. Some actions that could seem completely impossible concerning political reality, turned out to be possible in sport. Sports contacts can pave the way for a further, political agreements. For instance a number of specific ‘sports diplomacies’ have taken place, that were used by some countries in order to enhance their capabilities of impacting the international political system.
The Controversy between the United States of America and Brazil on Soluble Coffee. An Example of (another) Blemish on the Alliance for Progress?
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland), R. Chudziak Mateusz
Published: October 2019

The paper refers to a diplomatic controversy between Brazil and the United States that took place in the late sixties of the 20th century. The reason of the dispute layed in a fact of exporting processed soluble coffee by Brazil to the USA at very competitive prices. The US processors didn’t have access to law grade coffees, which served as a raw material to fabrication of soluble powder. The US processors forced the Department of State to counteract that situation. As a result the USA government blamed Brazil of discriminatory trade practices and violating free trade. The controversy was put under the consideration of the International Coffee Organization. The proceedings coincided with the twilight of the American aid programme for Latin America called Alliance for Progress. The controversy was an instance of growing suspicions and deteriorating relations between Latin America and the USA, which changed its foreign policy in that region from supporting development of democracy in the continent toward backing up military regimes.
Habermas’ Communicative Action and its Platonic, Biblical and Metaphysical Consolidation. An Introduction to Democratical Political Philosophy
Authors:   University of Warsaw (Poland), Paradowska Wiera , Paradowski Ryszard ,   University of Warsaw (Poland)
Published: October 2019

In this paper we would like to present a certain philosophical concept, which may be related to some contemporary philosophical controversies (and to political philosophy’ controversies included) concentrated around such problems as, the meaning of metaphysics and as the understanding of freedom. We are going also to say a word about the particularity of the philosophical understanding of reality, including the status of intention for agreement. The concept we present further for additional foundation of the Habermas’ idea of communicative action is a compound of metaphysics itself, and of our own concept of metaphysics, and of the two particular questions – interpretation of Plato’s philosophy as well as interpretation of the Biblical message about anthropogenesis.
Citizen and His Role in Shaping the Political System. Report from the Third Polish Conference of Chairs and Departments of Political Systems
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland), Osmólska Zuzanna
Published: October 2019

The Third Polish Conference of Chairs and Departments of Political Systems was held in the Palace in Ostromecko near Bydgoszcz on April 3 – 4. This time this event was organized by the Chair of the Political System of the Republic of Poland of the Faculty of Political Sciences and International Studies at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń in cooperation with The Fund for International Cooperation Support n.a. Professor Czesław Mojsiewicz, Adam Marszałek Publishing House, and Eastern Studies Center. The event was held under the scientific patronage of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń and Polish Political Science Association, while PiK Radio provided media patronage. Prof. Danuta Plecka (NCU) acted head of science, while Zuzanna Osmólska, MA, Katarzyna Miętkiewicz, MA and Paweł Jaroniak, MA were secretaries during the conference. The organizers suggested “Citizen and His Role in Shaping the Political System” as main theme of this year’s meeting. The plan of the conference included two lectures of valued experts on political systems theory and discussions. Among the speakers were the outstanding experts on the subject matter: Prof. Andrzej Antoszewski from the University of Wrocław and Prof. Tadeusz Godlewski from the Nicolaus Copernicus University. However, among participants were representatives of almost all university centres in Poland dealing with political systems. Amongst nearly fifty guests were scientists from the University of Warsaw, the University of Gdańsk, the University of Wrocław, the University of Silesia in Katowice, the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, the University of Łódź, the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, the University of Rzeszów, the University of Zielona Góra, the Kazimierz Wielki University, the University of Szczecin, the Pedagogical University of Cracow, the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, and, of course, the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń.
Book Review: Patryk Wawrzyński, Prezydent Lech Kaczyński. Narracje niedokończone [President Lech Kaczyński. The Unfinished Narratives], Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2012
Authors:   Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Medical College (Poland), Zabdyr–Jamróz Michał
Published: October 2019

With these words of Mark Antony – as a motto – Patryk Wawrzyński could start his book. Published in 2012, the work is titled, President Lech Kaczynski. The unfinished narratives (Prezydent Lech Kaczyński. Narracje niedokończone), and it is just such an attempt of doing justice to the tragically deceased president of the Republic of Poland. The author has undertaken the task of presenting the views of Lech Kaczynski as they actually were – separating them from incorrect interpretations and opinions attributed by other actors of the Polish political scene: his opponents as well as allies. The book presents what the president actually said and wrote, and not his image created in the minds of contemporaries. This also means that it is concerned not with the president’s actions, but his own narratives. The author points out, however – in accordance with the approach of social constructivism – that these narratives affect political reality. Wawrzyński suggests considering Kaczynski’s own words as part of a transmission belt “between national culture and the international community.” This allows the author to illustrate “how cultural narratives, unique to given countries, are transferred – through the political behaviour of its leaders – to the international level and universalized in order to be understood independently from the particular heritage”.
Kontynuuj czytanie Dynamics and Development Trends of Contemporary Political Theory
Authors:   University of Gdańsk (Poland), Nocoń Jarosław
Published: October 2019

In article, author pay attention to the potential and scope of the impact of new forms of communication on the form and content of theoretical research. In principle, such an effect can be seen in two related, but different dimensions of analysis. In the first place it concerns the scope of the political theory, which is enriched with new areas and issues revealing previously unknown or not perceived problems, phenomena and processes that guide the interests of contemporary researchers. On the other hand, global mass communication techniques significantly shape, and thus change the existing forms of theoretical discourse and the structure of the theory itself. These changes in the perspective of plurality and decentralization of theoretical discourse subjects, as well as the emergence of new research areas which aspire to the status of scientific discipline, gain innovative importance especially from the point of view of the attempts to achieve meta-synthetic accumulation of social knowledge.
European Federation as a Systemic Response to the Crisis of Leadership in Europe?
Authors:   University of Opole (Poland), Ociepa Marcin
Published: October 2019

The idea of European federation keeps recurring in politicians' and intellectuals' discourses on the future of the European Union. The logic of global rivalry of “large territories” favors this in particular, as it somehow forces Europe’s states to enter into a tighter integration if they want to realize their politics. The biggest challenge which the Union faces is the problem of leadership, understood both in the context of internal policy and relationally towards the surrounding. The problem, however, is the diversity of the member states and the unrelenting tension between particular concern about a national interest and European universalism. European federation sensu stricto, just because of this diversity has still been a utopian project. The future of the European Union most probably lies in a new intermediate model, as unique as the European Commonwealths used to be in the 1950s.
The Settlement of the Russian–Chinese Border Dispute
Authors:   University of Gdańsk (Poland), Dmochowski Tadeusz
Published: October 2019

The establishment of the PRC opened the new chapter in the Sino–Soviet/Russian relations. For many years the existence of the problem of the common border was not openly expressed. In 1957 the first announcements about the territorial disputes between USSR and PRC were issued in China. And in 1960 Zhou Enlai stated that there were insignificant disrepancies in the Russian and Chinese maps, very easy to solve. Over the next nearly 30 years the problem of determination of the border has become a victim of tense and hostile Soviet-Chinese relations and unproductive talks. Gorbachev's rise to power in the Kremlin enabled to negotiate a solution to the Soviet–Chinese border problem. And consequently to sign “The agreement on the eastern section of the Sino-Soviet state border” on May 16, 1991. The agreement on the western section of the border was signed on September 3, 1994. The demarcation of the western section of the border was finished by Joint Russian–Chinese Demarcation Commission on September 10, 1998. After six years of negotiations on October 14, 2004 the Complementary Agreement on the Eastern Section of the China–Russia Boundary was signed in Beijing. On its basis the Russian side ceded the whole of Tarabarov island (ch. Yinlongdao), half of Bolshoy Ussuriyski (ch. Heixiazidao) and half of Bolshoy (ch. Abagaitu) island. Another halves of Bolshoy Ussuriyski and Bolshoy islands were kept by Russia. Both sides shared disputed territory almost equally. The ceremony of installation of the border landmarks between Russia and China on Bolshoy Ussuriyski island (on October 14, 2008) finished the long process of demarcation of the Russian–Chinese border.
Boycott of the Los Angeles 1984 Olympic Games as an Example of Political Play–Acting of the Cold War Superpowers
Authors:   University of Łódź (Poland), Marcin Kobierecki Michał
Published: October 2019

Sports boycott is one of the most important dimension of sport colliding with politics. The subject of the article is the boycott of the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1984, one of the most spectacular boycotts, which was conducted by communist countries. It is widely recognized, that Los Angeles Olympics were boycotted as a result of a similar action by Western countries towards Moscow Olympics in 1980. However, evidence proves that there was no decision concerning communist boycott of Los Angeles Olympics until a few months before the Games. Preparations to the Olympics were on their way, but unexpected change of Soviet leader resulted in the boycott. Safety reasons were the declared reason for the boycott of the Soviet Union and 13 other communist countries. Nevertheless, it is evident that the real reasons were connected with the political game of USSR. The probable actual aims were the desire to hit the first ever privately financed Olympic Games and to make it harder for American president Ronald Raegan to be reelected. Naturally, at least partly it was also a matter of revenge for boycotting the Moscow Games.
Social Policy in Fact of Contemporary Global Processes
Authors:   University of Gdańsk (Poland), Chodubski Andrzej
Published: October 2019

In reflection summary it can be stated that social policy is both a possibility and a barrier in the development of a new corporate culture–civilization, referred to as globalization. Main forces shaping the new global reality, and the face of social policy are: technical and scientific progress, international laws and education focused on raising awareness of global change. Quick pace of civilization reveals an inability to adapt to a wide range of society the realities of the world of IT and information, and consequently the phenomenon of exclusion and widening of social pathologies. The image shaping social policy sets out the special role of participatory unit. The implementation of the project of European integration reveals a large gap between the assumptions and practice of social life. Standards of social policy remain in the realm of vision, a declaration of hope, the boundaries between the real world and virtual information and disinformation and manipulation. An important role in this regard play the media, which in its action shall submit to the effectiveness of the delivering authentic information about contemporary social realities and social policy pursued in its various structural dimensions.
Urban Movements as an Expression of Contemporary
Authors:   University of Łódź (Poland), Kobiernacka Agata
Published: October 2019

Urban movements are nowadays a frequent example of civic activity. They are becoming an inseparable element of both contemporary democracy as well as local governments. Taking into consideration the fact of growing popularity of this kind of civic activity it is worth to analyze the specifics of this phenomena and possible future impact on local governments' policy. The aim of this article is to examine the urban movements' phenomena and their actual possible influence on local governments' policy directions.
The Role of the Principle of Subsidiarity in the Third Sector in the Republic of Poland
Authors:   University of Opole (Poland), Pudło Waldemar
Published: October 2019

The principle of subsidiarity not only has formed many of provisions in the act on Public Benefit and Volunteer Work (particularly those related to social consultations and transferring of public tasks), but is also a directive forming the cooperative habits between the public and non-public sectors. This is a matter of great importance taking into account that the subsidiarity in Poland is not effectively implemented as it could be because of limited autonomy of the self–government and frequently occurring interference of the State. Unfortunately it results in limiting of ability to decide on the type and methods of performing tasks. In addition, financial resources usually are not sufficient. It would be desirable to maintain and develop this course because about 61% of the polish society finds the third sector more effective than the public one. More and more often (43%) the contribution of the non-governmental organisations on solution of local problems is perceived, although still near the half of respondents (48%) doubt that they would have an important impact on the solution of important social problems. There are also real concerns about corruption, other law abuses, or giving priority to private interest instead of communal one
Energy Imports and Growth Perspective: The Case of Turkey
Authors:   Celal Bayar University in Manisa (Turkey), Yaprakli Halil , Taş Taner ,   Celal Bayar University in Manisa (Turkey), Çagri Yilmaz Kubilay ,   Celal Bayar University in Manisa (Turkey)
Published: October 2019

In recent years, the main macroeconomic problem of Turkey is current deficits. In order to realize sustainable growth, the balance of payment should be kept under control. This control system is directly depends on minimization of current deficits. One of the main reasons of Turkey's current account deficits is energy imports. By applying the Johansen co–integrated analysis, this paper aims to identify the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth by using the data set between the years 1984–2012 with reference to VAR (Vector Auto Regression). Furthermore, unit root test was applied to the data which is the traditional unit root tests ADF (Augmented Dickey Fuller), PP (Phillip–Perron) and KPSS (Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin) and taking into account the structural break test was performed Zivot–Andrews. In addition to examining the long–term relationship between the two variables, taking into account the structural break in the cointegration test Engle–Granger and taking into account the structural break Hatemi–J cointegration test were applied. According to the results of the analysis, we reached that there is a relationship between energy consumption and economic growth.
Multi-agent Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Certain General-sum Stochastic Games
Authors: Lin Xiaomin , Adams Stephen C. , Beling Peter A.
Published: October 2019

This paper addresses the problem of multi-agent inverse reinforcement learning (MIRL) in a two-player general-sum stochastic game framework. Five variants of MIRL are considered: uCS-MIRL, advE-MIRL, cooE-MIRL, uCE-MIRL, and uNE-MIRL, each distinguished by its solution concept. Problem uCS-MIRL is a cooperative game in which the agents employ cooperative strategies that aim to maximize the total game value. In problem uCE-MIRL, agents are assumed to follow strategies that constitute a correlated equilibrium while maximizing total game value. Problem uNE-MIRL is similar to uCE-MIRL in total game value maximization, but it is assumed that the agents are playing a Nash equilibrium. Problems advE-MIRL and cooE-MIRL assume agents are playing an adversarial equilibrium and a coordination equilibrium, respectively. We propose novel approaches to address these five problems under the assumption that the game observer either knows or is able to accurately estimate the policies and solution concepts for players. For uCS-MIRL, we first develop a characteristic set of solutions ensuring that the observed bi-policy is a uCS and then apply a Bayesian inverse learning method. For uCE-MIRL, we develop a linear programming problem subject to constraints that define necessary and sufficient conditions for the observed policies to be correlated equilibria. The objective is to choose a solution that not only minimizes the total game value difference between the observed bi-policy and a local uCS, but also maximizes the scale of the solution. We apply a similar treatment to the problem of uNE-MIRL. The remaining two problems can be solved efficiently by taking advantage of solution uniqueness and setting up a convex optimization problem. Results are validated on various benchmark grid-world games.
Determination of low temperature tolerances of some tomato genotypes
Authors: TEPE Akın , KABAŞ Aylin
Published: October 2019

Low temperature is one of the most important environmental stress
factors. In this study, 9 of pure lines at the F9 stage which
belonged to Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute (BATEM) were used as a
plant material to determine the lines tolerant to low temperatures. Low
temperature applications were carried out in vegetative and generative stages. Solanum hirsutum (LA 1777) and 2
commercial varieties; (Cigdem F1 and Anit F1) used as
tolerant genotypes (Control). The tomato seeds were germinated and grown in a mixture
of peat and perlite (1:1 v/v). When the seedlings reached two true leaf
stages, they were taken to the temperature, humidity and light controlled
growth chamber for low temperature applications in vegetative test. At the
vegetative test, plants were exposed to the 5±1°C, at light intensity
350 μmol m-2 sec-1 for five days. In the
generative tests, the genotypes were selfed in the growth chamber with 5±1°C
and 180 μmol m-2 sec-1 of light intensity
and taken to the greenhouse for fruit set after three days. As a result, it was
determined that genotypes 5 and 6 were found as tolerant to the low
temperatures in terms of dry matter production and seed amount both in
vegetative and generative stages.
Türkiye piyasasında satışa sunulmuş olan bitkisel yağlar ve tereyağlarında polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbon miktarının tespit edilmesi
Authors: KIRALAN S. Sezer , TOPTANCI İsra
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışma, Türkiye piyasasında satışa
sunulan tereyağları ve bitkisel yağların (zeytinyağı, palm yağı, ayçiçek yağı,
badem yağı, fındık yağı ve kahve yağı) PAH4 (benz[a]antrasen, krisen,
benzo[b]fluoranthene ve benzo[a]piren) miktarlarını belirlemek amacıyla
yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada marketlerden temin edilen 15 adet bitkisel yağ ve
tereyağı analiz edilmiştir. Analiz edilen bitkisel yağ örneklerinde en yüksek
PAH4 miktarı (20.76 µg kg-1) ayçiçek yağında tespit
edilmiş olup, bunu sırasıyla zeytinyağı (9.51 µg kg-1),
palm yağı (6.05 µg kg-1), kahve yağı (5.25 µg kg-1)
ve badem yağı (1.95 µg kg-1) izlemiştir. Analiz edilen
tereyağlarında PAH miktarı tespit edilmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye
piyasasında yer alan çeşitli bitkisel yağlarda farklı miktarlarda PAH4
bulunabilmektedir ve ayçiçek yağı dışındaki örneklerin PAH4 miktarları Türk
Gıda Kodeksi limit değerinin altında olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
A Coherent Framework for Predicting Emerging Market Credit Spreads with Support Vector Regression
Authors: Anderson Gary , Audzeyeva Alena
Published: October 2019

We propose a coherent framework using support vector regression (SRV) for generating and ranking a set of high quality models for predicting emerging market sovereign credit spreads. Our framework adapts a global optimization algorithm employing an hv-block cross-validation metric, pertinent for models with serially correlated economic variables, to produce robust sets of tuning parameters for SRV kernel functions. In contrast to previous approaches identifying a single "best" tuning parameter setting, a task that is pragmatically improbable to achieve in many applications, we proceed with a collection of tuning parameter candidates, employing the Model Confidence Set test to select the most accurate models from the collection of promising candidates. Using bond credit spread data for three large emerging market economies and an array of input variables motivated by economic theory, we apply our framework to identify relatively small sets of SVR models with su perior out-of-sample forecasting performance. Benchmarking our SRV forecasts against random walk and conventional linear model forecasts provides evidence for the notably superior forecasting accuracy of SRV-based models. In contrast to routinely used linear model benchmarks, the SRV-based models can generate accurate forecasts using only a small set of input variables limited to the country-specific credit-spread-curve factors, lending some support to the rational expectation theory of the term structure in the context of emerging market credit spreads. Consequently, our evidence indicates a better ability of highly flexible SVR to capture investor expectations about future spreads reflected in today's credit spread curve.
Da (in)justiciabilidade dos direitos fundamentais sociais: o direito à saúde e o acesso gratuito
Authors: Schneider Yuri , Dalberto Camila
Published: October 2019

A presente pesquisa aborda a judiciabilidade dos direitos fundamentais sociais, analisando o papel do Estado na efetivação e disponibilização dos direitos fundamentais previstos na Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Nesse respeito, visa analisar o direito ao acesso à saúde, levando em conta os pressupostos fundamentais da dignidade da pessoa humana e do direito à vida. É sabido que compete ao Estado o dever de fornecer o acesso gratuito à saúde para toda população, respeitando seu limite orçamental denominado reserva do possível. Para tanto, será feita uma análise jurisprudencial sobre a efetividade e a concessão do acesso gratuito á determinados serviços que não são prestados na forma gratuita pelo governo, sob a ótica do posicionamento e intervenção dos tribunais de justiça na prestação à saúde, como forma de efetivação da garantia constitucional. Assim, o embasamento teórico da pesquisa se fundamenta nos princípios constitucionais, principalmente com relação à dignidade da pessoa humana e da saúde como elemento essencial para a manutenção e pleno exercício da vida. Também será abordada a dificuldade de subjetivação dos direitos fundamentais sociais, bem como sua normatização. A pesquisa foi realizada pelo método bibliográfico.
Eficácia direta e imediata do princípio constitucional da sustentabilidade
Authors: Freitas Juarez
Published: October 2019

O princípio constitucional da sustentabilidade, reconhecido em sua eficácia direta e imediata, acarreta profundas alterações no processo das escolhas públicas, porque o Estado resulta obrigado a orientar, induzir, adequar e regular as condutas, no rumo daquele desenvolvimento propício à proteção dos direitos fundamentais das gerações presentes e futuras. Em todas as etapas da tomada da decisão pública (da fase interna até a implementação), cumpre realizar o escrutínio, baseado em evidências, do acatamento da sustentabilidade como dever fundamental, não mera faculdade (exposta a juízos de conveniência ou oportunidade). Impõe-se, em outras palavras, cobrar as políticas públicas que transformem os modos de produção e consumo, de maneira a instaurar o ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, mediante ponderação justificada de custos e benefícios, diretos e indiretos.
Função social e responsabilidade social à luz da Constituição Federal de 1988
Authors: Jatobá Augusto César Maurício de Oliveira , Baracho Hertha Urquiza
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo analisa os conceitos da função social e da responsabilidade social observados através de um prisma interdisciplinar, dentro de um contexto legal, doutrinário e jurisprudencial. O objetivo principal encontra-se na formulação de um conceito jurídico constitucional sobre a responsabilidade social empresarial. O estudo caminha para reconhecer a responsabilidade social como um valor jurídico implícito assegurado pela Constituição Federal de 1988 na tentativa de garantir a dignidade da pessoa humana e a justiça social, finalidades da atividade econômica. Cumpre informar, quanto à metodologia utilizada, que se trata de pesquisa bibliográfica e, como métodos de procedimento, serão usados o histórico e o descritivo.
Sumário
Authors: Friedrich Denise
Published: October 2019

Sumário
Formulação de decisões administrativas em matéria de direitos humanos
Authors: Gomes Eduardo Biacchi , Flores Pedro Henrique Brunken
Published: October 2019

Na contemporaneidade os direitos humanos possuem um papel fundamental no mundo. Através da sua concepção contemporânea, mais especificamente após a metade do século XX, eles – direitos humanos – ganharam força com o seu discurso de proteção aos direitos do homem, elencando o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana como pedra angular de todos os sistemas jurídicos efetivamente preocupados com o bem-estar dos cidadãos. Nesse sentido, então, os Estados de Direito encontram-se vinculados à atividade de proteção e realização de tais direitos, devendo buscar sempre os melhores meios para atingir estes fins. É nesse sentido que o presente trabalho possui seu mote. Busca-se demonstrar, através, da análise do instituto do controle de convencionalidade pelos Tribunais a sua aplicabilidade e utilização também pela Administração Pública brasileira na formulação de políticas públicas, de tal sorte que as decisões administrativas levem em conta, para além das leis escritas e das normas e princípios constitucionais trazidos pela Constituição de 1988, os dispositivos constantes nos tratados e convenções internacionais de direitos humanos, garantindo, assim, decisões justas e de acordo com os anseios da modernidade. Para atingir tal fim, portanto, a pesquisa foi realizada através de levantamento bibliográfico sobre o tema, valendo-se do método dedutivo
Violência e controle social formal: reflexões sobre o sistema penal no Estado democrático de direito
Authors: Gabriel Guimarães Claudio Alberto
Published: October 2019

Objetiva-se discorrer sobre os fundamentos do Direito de Punir do Estado e, consequentemente, discorrer sobre os órgãos que exercem na prática tal poder, ou seja, sobre o sistema penal de controle social. Como ponto central da reflexão trazida no presente trabalho, busca-se observar a atuação de tal sistema e sua relação com a população, bem como os reflexos dessa relação sobre o monopólio do jus puniendi. Utilizam-se como premissas os sintomas de insatisfação do corpo social em relação às instituições encarregadas do provimento da justiça penal, buscando-se entender se os constantes ataques ao monopólio do controle social exercido pelo Estado, verificado no quadro de desordem social instalado no país, podem ser legitimados pela ineficácia dos órgãos do sistema penal.
“Reserva do possível” como argumento de limitação do Estado de bem-estar social? a Constituição de 1988 e o seu projeto de efetivação dos direitos fundamentais
Authors: Castro Matheus Felipe de , Zucchi Renan
Published: October 2019

Considerando que a crise econômica e fiscal intensificou a utilização, por parte de gestores e agentes públicos, do argumento da “reserva do possível” como gatilho de limitação da efetivação de direitos fundamentais, este artigo objetiva questionar se o argumento encontraria respaldo perante o tipo de Estado de Bem-Estar projetado na Constituição de 1988. Para tanto, procedeu-se ao levantamento bibliográfico das teorias explicativas da sua natureza e à sua comparação analítica com a Constituição vigente. Observou-se, por um lado, a utilização do argumento de forma binária (disponibilidade de orçamento-realização de direitos/não disponibilidade de orçamento-restrição de direitos) e por outro, a incompatibilidade desse procedimento com a ideologia constitucional, permitindo postular vias alternativas ao estado atual da matéria.
De Mariana a Brumadinho: a efetividade da responsabilidade civil ambiental para a adoção das medidas de evacuação
Authors: Rezende Elcio , Silva Victor Vartuli Cordeiro e
Published: October 2019

Os frequentes rompimentos de barragens de rejeitos com efeitos catastróficos do ponto de vista ambiental, social e econômico, dão relevância à discussão sobre a segurança e os riscos acarretados por essas estruturas. Os desastres ocorridos em Brumadinho e Mariana causaram grande indignação por causa da morte de trabalhadores das mineradoras e terceiros que residiam ou por qualquer outro motivo se encontravam no caminho da onda de ruptura. O grande número de vidas perdidas poderia ter sido muito menor se adotadas as medidas cautelares de evacuação, indubitavelmente. Diante desse fato, o presente trabalho enfoca a necessidade de implantação e utilização dessas medidas como forma de salvaguardar a vida e mitigar os danos, discutindo ainda a eficiência da responsabilidade civil como mecanismo capaz de reparar o meio ambiente e imbuir um comportamento cauteloso e preventivo nos operadores desses barramentos.
New trends in migratory and refugee law in Brazil: the expanded refugee definition
Authors: Tinker Catherine Jane , Sartoretto Laura Madrid
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to explore new trends in Brazilian refugee and migratory law in the last 20 years. In doing so it addresses the evolution of the definition of “refugee” in Brazil, expanding the eligibility grounds provided by the 1951 Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees (1951 Convention). Reviewing international and regional refugee law, the article analyzes the broader understanding of the notion of "refuge" and its complexity expressed in regional and national legal frameworks, taking account of lawyers, scholars and activists who criticize the narrow scope of the classical refugee definition from 1951 which has become distant from current refugee voices and struggles. At the domestic level, although the 1980 Aliens Statute (Act. n. 6815/80) is still in effect, there have been important changes in refugee law in Brazil since the implementation of the 1997 Refugee Statute (Act n. 9.474/97), influenced by the 1984 Cartagena Declaration (a regional soft law instrument) regarding the definition of “refugee”, Exploring the interconnection of the Refugee Statute and complementary forms of human rights protection which fall outside the scope of international refugee law, the article concludes that in the specific case of Haitians in Brazil, the broader protections of Brazilian refugee law should be available rather than the complementary system of humanitarian visas.
A Abordagem da Pesquisa Cientifica Envolvendo os Temas Emergentes no Cenário EAD e Formação Continuada
Authors: Gomes Teixeira da Silva Marco Antonio , Cardoso Sergio Luis
Published: October 2019

A educação como pilar da sociedade, necessita renovar-se constantemente, tendo como base a pesquisa científica. A investigação acadêmica deve propiciar a evolução científica e devolver à sociedade sua investigação materializada em publicações. Nesse sentido, este estudo, como parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado, buscou identificar como ocorrem as publicações em nível stricto sensu sobre a área de Educação a Distância (EaD) e formação continuada, no ambiente virtual, tendo como finalidade a capacitação dos docentes. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão sistemática com o objetivo de reconhecer nos estudos primários a tendência no contexto da capacitação docente no ambiente virtual. Para tal foi realizada a leitura dos títulos e resumos dos artigos publicados na revista da Associação Brasileira de Educação a Distância e também uma pesquisa na Base Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações com os temas referentes à EaD. Da análise desses documentos, foi possível constatar a convergência de cursos de formação continuada para o tema tecnologia em todo material selecionado. Entretanto, nos artigos, não é retratada a pesquisa acadêmica como origem de estudos stricto sensu.
Обзор систем торговых преференций для беднейших стран
Authors: Лард Сэм
Published: October 2019

Проанализировано оказание помощи беднейшим странам с целью повышения эффективности их торговых операций, осуществляемых на семи приоритетных рынках (Канады, Китая, Европейского Союза, Индии, Японии, Южной Кореи и США — посредством предоставления им преференциального режима доступа на указанные рынки).

Данная проблема рассмотрена не только в страновом аспекте, но и с точки зрения охвата производимой продукции, ограничений по отдельным программам преференций, оценки стоимости программ помощи, включая потенциал для внесения улучшений, и потенциальных последствий от завершения Доха-раунда ВТО.

Сформулированы некоторые предложения по программам помощи, чтобы они способствовали большему вкладу в сферу торговли НРС, в ускорение их экономического развития.
Analyzing Student’s Problem Solving Abilities of Direct Current Electricity in STEM-based Learning
Authors: Apriyani Rany , Ramalis Taufik Ramlan , Suwarma Irma Rahma
Published: October 2019

This research has been conducted to analyze students' problem-solving abilities in direct current electricity in STEM-based learning. The implementation of STEM in this research is to train the domain of scientific practices and engineering practices that are associated with model problems and project-based learning. The research method used was pre-experiment with the design of one group pretest-posttest. The subjects of the research consist of 27 students at the 10th grade of one of the Vocational Schools in Kabupaten Bandung Barat. The instrument of problem-solving ability in this study are four structured description questions, each of which consists of 5 questions, indicators of problem-solving ability, namely visualize the problem, describe the problem in physics description, plan the solution, execute the plan, and check and evaluate. As a result of the research, it was found that there was an increase in students' problem-solving abilities with the application of the integration model problem and project-based learning in STEM-based learning.
MENIMBANG MODEL PEMBELAJARAN (Kajian Teoretis-Kritis atas Model Pembelajaran dalam Pendidikan Islam)
Authors: Asyafah Abas
Published: October 2019

Abstract. This article examines the learning model. This study departs from the fact that there are some people who still need a reference to weigh a learning model. A common problem to be answered through this study is how to weigh a learning model. This study uses a descriptive method because the researcher is analyzing the current problem and uses a qualitative approach. Through library, the author concludes that a good learning model must be assessed in terms of validity, practical use, and effectiveness. In weighing a learning model, we must first understand the concepts / theories about the learning model as a whole. If there is still a gap between the theory and the model, it means that the learning model must be revised and developed again.Abstrak. Artikel ini mengkaji tentang model pembelajaran. Kajian ini berangkat dari fakta bahwa masih ada kalangan yang masih membutuhkan suatu acuan untuk menimbang suatu model pembelajaran. Masalah umum yang ingin dijawab melalui kajian ini adalah bagaimana cara menimbang suatu model pembelajaran?. Kajian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif karena peneliti sedang menganalisis permasalahan yang sedang terjadi saat ini dan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Melalui studi kepustakaan (library research), penulis berkesimpulan bahwa sebuah model pembelajaran yang baik harus dapat dinilai dari sisi validitas (kesahihan), keprak-tisan/keterpakaian, dan efektivitasnya. Untuk menimbang sebuah model pembelajaran, kita terlebih dahulu harus memahami konsep/teori tentang model pembelajaran secara utuh dan lengkap. Bila masih ditemukan kesenjangan antara teori dengan model tersebut berarti model pembelajaran tersebut masih harus direvisi dan dikembangkan lagi.
GEOGRAPHY OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES OF THE CITY OF KYIV
Authors: Glybovets V.
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the distribution of criminal offenses in the territory of Kyiv city in 2015-2018. The purpose of the article is to reveal the topic of crime in the city of Kyiv, as one of the most important problems of its further development as a European capital. The author focuses on the place of Kyiv in various international rankings, such as the rating of the international consulting company Mercer, the rating of the world’s largest database of cities and countries of the world, Numbeo et al. Using statistics from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the author compiled several tables: “The number of criminal offenses reported in the districts of the city of Kyiv in 2015-2018”, “Number of criminal offenses reported by the city of Kyiv by individual types in 2015-2018”, “Crime peculiarities of the city of Kyiv by regions in 2015-2018”, “Criminality of Kyiv City in different areas by regions in 2015-2018”, “Number of detected persons who committed criminal offenses in the city of Kyiv by districts in 2015-2018”. Based on the analysis of these tables, the rating of districts of the city of Kyiv for each of the studied years was drawn up, as well as the rating for four years together, the types of criminal offenses the number of which is the largest and the smallest in the city was selected. The author presents the probable reasons that lead to the predominance of theft, as well as grave and especially grave crimes, fraud and robbery over other types of crimes in the city. Using the rank method, the author identified the largest and least criminal districts of the city of Kyiv for each of the studied years. The article provides statistics on murders in capitals of different countries, including Kyiv, for 2012. The author emphasizes that educated people leave the country for Europe, Canada, the United States, China and other countries, reducing the number of intellectuals, who are less prone to commit crimes, and also offers measures to prevent the increase in the number of criminal offenses in the districts of Kyiv.
The 30 November 2018 Mw 7.1 Anchorage Earthquake
Authors: West Michael E. , Bender Adrian , Gardine Matthew , Gardine Lea , Gately Kara , Haeussler Peter , Hassan Wael , Meyer Franz , Richards Cole , Ruppert Natalia , Tape Carl , Thornley John , Witter Rob
Published: October 2019

The Mw 7.1 47 km deep earthquake that occurred on 30 November 2018 had deep societal impacts across southcentral Alaska and exhibited phenomena of broad scientific interest. We document observations that point to future directions of research and hazard mitigation. The rupture mechanism, aftershocks, and deformation of the mainshock are consistent with extension inside the Pacific plate near the down‐dip limit of flat‐slab subduction. Peak ground motions >25%g were observed across more than 8000  km2, though the most violent near‐fault shaking was avoided because the hypocenter was nearly 50 km below the surface. The ground motions show substantial variation, highlighting the influence of regional geology and near‐surface soil conditions. Aftershock activity was vigorous with roughly 300 felt events in the first six months, including two dozen aftershocks exceeding M 4.5. Broad subsidence of up to 5 cm across the region is consistent with the rupture mechanism. The passage of seismic waves and possibly the coseismic subsidence mobilized ground waters, resulting in temporary increases in stream flow. Although there were many failures of natural slopes and soils, the shaking was insufficient to reactivate many of the failures observed during the 1964 M 9.2 earthquake. This is explained by the much shorter duration of shaking as well as the lower amplitude long‐period motions in 2018. The majority of observed soil failures were in anthropogenically placed fill soils. Structural damage is attributed to both the failure of these emplaced soils as well as to the ground motion, which shows some spatial correlation to damage. However, the paucity of instrumental ground‐motion recordings outside of downtown Anchorage makes these comparisons challenging. The earthquake demonstrated the challenge of issuing tsunami warnings in complex coastal geographies and highlights the need for a targeted tsunami hazard evaluation of the region. The event also demonstrates the challenge of estimating the probabilistic hazard posed by intraslab earthquakes.