bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Lung Cancer Prediction in IoT and Cloud Platform
Authors: Tejaswi Gottumukkala Thanmaya , Srinivasu Nulaka , Gottumukkala Pardha Saradhi Varma
Published: January 2025

Lung cancer is a chronic disease that leads to the most common deaths worldwide because lung cancer is not detected during early detection and classification. Therefore, several research works are being carried out based on early-stage lung cancer prediction using artificial intelligence (AI) technology. With the advancement of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques, several techniques have been developed for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. This survey paper considers the numerous research papers developed to predict lung cancer. The survey paper focused on predicting lung cancer in the following ways: a detailed survey on pre-processing and segmentation techniques used in lung cancer prediction, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prediction techniques ML, and DL approaches utilized for lung cancer prediction. A detailed survey on the use of various datasets in lung cancer prediction is included in this paper. The application and challenges of the lung cancer prediction model are also explored in this survey paper through the various existing methods. This survey is used to analyze the various limitations of the lung cancer model. The survey analysis is helpful in developing new lung cancer prediction techniques and solving the existing lung cancer model issues.
A Novel Hybrid Convolution and Multiscale Dilated EfficientNetB7-Based Plant Disease Detection and Classification with Adaptive Segmentation Procedures
Authors: Patil Manesh P. , Borse Indrabhan S.
Published: January 2025

The economic success of the country is mainly dependent on crop growth. Diseases in crops are the greatest obstacle to food production. Early recognition of plant diseases is critical in the universe. In the standard diagnosis method, biologists directly assess each individual plant via onsite examinations. Nevertheless, physical crop illness examinations have some restrictions due to decreased precision and inadequate employee availability. To resolve these issues, there is a need to create automated systems that can recognize and classify the plant illnesses. New pathogens on the leaves of plants constantly appear because of plant structure and farming practices. Consequently, reliable identification and classification of leaf-related illnesses at their initial phases helps to prevent infection progression and promote plant productivity. The abundance of moderately strong data in the image environment and front, the significant color similarities in the unaffected and infected plant regions, the presence of distortion in sample images, and alterations in the location and dimension of foliage make plant leaf disease detection a challenging task. Therefore, an efficient deep model-based plant disease discovery and classification model is executed in this research work. Initially, the required image is acquired from online databases. The gathered images are then specified as input to the segmentation phase in which the Adaptive and Attention-aided Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (AAM-RCNN) is utilized. For enhanced segmentation performance, the parameters in the AAM-RCNN are optimized with the aid of the Boosted Random Parameter-based Golden Tortoise Beetle Optimizer (BRP-GTBO). The segmented images are taken for detection and classification process takes place with the aid of Hybrid Convolution Two-Dimension/One-Dimension (2D/1D) and Multi-scale Dilated EfficientnetB7 (HC-MDEB7). In the Hybrid Convolution (2D/1D) model, the color and morphological features are provided as input to the 1D convolutional layer, whereas the texture patterns are used by the 2D convolutional layer. Finally, the detected and classified outcome is obtained from the HC-2D/1D-MDEB7 model. Experimental verification is carried out to prove the efficacy of the recommended framework.
Personalized Recommendation Using Deep Reinforcement Learning for Educational Content
Authors: Su You
Published: January 2025

The implementation of personalized recommendations of educational content contributes to enhancing the efficiency of resource utilization in education. However, during the recommendation process, it is challenging to extract feature vectors of educational content, which can lead to inaccuracies in the recommendation results. To address this issue, a personalized recommendation algorithm using deep reinforcement learning for educational content is proposed. First, basic user data and educational content resource data are collected, user preference is calculated, multiple features of the educational content are extracted, and feature vectors are constructed. Second, under the influence of deep reinforcement learning, user preference is defined as the state space, and educational content feature vectors are defined as the action space. State value functions and action value functions are computed separately, followed by the calculation of state transition probabilities, the setting of a reward function, and iterative updates based on the reward values generated from user selection of educational content, which then output preliminary recommendation results. Finally, considering the proportion of personalized recommendations, a personalized adjustment function is designed to output accurate personalized educational content recommendation results. Experiments conducted on the Coursera-Course dataset demonstrate that, compared to traditional methods, the proposed method yields an average recall of 96%, and an average sparsity of 22.36%, effectively providing users with accurate personalized educational content recommendations.
SAug: Structural Imbalance Aware Augmentation for Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Chen Ke-jia , Mu Wenhui , Liu Zulong , Liu Zheng
Published: January 2025

Graph machine learning (GML) has made great progress in node classification, link prediction, graph classification and so on. However, graphs in reality are often structurally imbalanced, that is, only a few hub nodes have a denser local structure and higher influence. The imbalance may compromise the robustness of existing GML models, especially in learning tail nodes. This paper proposes a selective graph augmentation method to solve this problem. Firstly, a Pagerank-based sampling strategy is designed to identify hub nodes and tail nodes in the graph. Secondly, a selective augmentation strategy is proposed, which drops the noise neighbors of hub nodes on one side, and discovers the latent neighbors and generates pseudo neighbors for tail nodes on the other side. Also, it can alleviate the structural imbalance between two types of nodes. Finally, a GNN model is retrained on the augmented graph. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly improve the backbone GNNs and achieve superior performance to its competitors of graph augmentation methods and hub/tail aware methods.
A Smartphone to the Rescue: Detecting Counterfeit Powdered Food Products
Authors: Yun Jonghyuk , Lee Kyoosik , Lee Kichang , Sun Bangjie , Jeon Jaeho , Ko JeongGil , Hwang Inseok , Han Jun
Published: January 2025

The rise in popularity of powdered food products, from dietary supplements to specialized nutritional formulas, is driven by their convenience, cost-effectiveness, and long shelf life. For instance, infant formula, often available in powdered form, is especially important as it is designed to serve as a substitute for breast milk. As a result of these benefits, the global demand for infant formula is projected to grow significantly, with the market value expected to reach approximately 174 billion by 2032 [1].
Metabolic Engineering of Yeast
Authors: Shi Shuobo , Chen Yu , Nielsen Jens
Published: January 2025

Microbial cell factories have been developed to produce various compounds in a sustainable and economically viable manner. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a platform cell factory in industrial biotechnology with numerous advantages, including ease of operation, rapid growth, and tolerance for various industrial stressors. Advances in synthetic biology and metabolic models have accelerated the design–build–test–learn cycle in metabolic engineering, significantly facilitating the development of yeast strains with complex phenotypes, including the redirection of metabolic fluxes to desired products, the expansion of the spectrum of usable substrates, and the improvement of the physiological properties of strain. Strains with enhanced titer, rate, and yield are now competing with traditional petroleum-based industrial approaches. This review highlights recent advances and perspectives in the metabolic engineering of yeasts for the production of a variety of compounds, including fuels, chemicals, proteins, and peptides, as well as advancements in synthetic biology tools and mathematical modeling.
Personality Disorders: Current Conceptualizations and Challenges
Authors: Widiger Thomas A. , Smith Michelle
Published: January 2025

The personality disorders are said to be at the vanguard in the shift to a dimensional model of classification, as exemplified in the Alternative Model of Personality (AMPD) presented in Section III of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) for emerging models and in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Considered herein are some limitations and challenges. For the DSM-5 AMPD trait model, these include problematic placements, inadequate coverage, perceived complexity, and lack of cutoff points. For the DSM-5 AMPD Level of Personality Functioning (LPF), they include the complexity, the questionable presumption that the LPF defines the core of personality disorder, the presumption that the LPF identifies what is unique to the personality disorders, and the premise that the LPF is distinct from the maladaptive traits. Limitations and challenges of the ICD-11 model are the absence of lower-order facet scales and the fact that only the level of severity is required. This review suggests that the trait of depressivity belongs with negative affectivity and suspicion belongs within antagonism, that maladaptive traits from all 10 poles of the five domains should be provided, and that cutoff points based on social-occupational impairment and/or distress should be provided. The review summarizes research that questions whether the LPF represents the core of personality disorder, identifies what is unique to the personality disorders, and is distinct from maladaptive traits. Finally, the review suggests that the ICD-11 should require the assessment of the traits and include facet scales.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Across the Lifespan
Authors: Tafolla Maira , Singer Hannah , Lord Catherine
Published: January 2025

Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects individuals worldwide throughout their lives. Copious advances in research have enhanced our understanding of autism significantly since Dr. Leo Kanner's first description of the condition in 1943. This review aims to provide an overview of our current knowledge of autism, examining its manifestations across age, race, gender, and co-occurring conditions (e.g., intellectual disability) from childhood through adulthood. We also focus on the identification and diagnosis of autism, long-term outcomes with a spotlight on adulthood, and appropriate supports and interventions across different developmental stages for autistic individuals and their families. We stress the importance of a lifespan perspective that considers the evolving needs of individuals with autism as they age, and we highlight the role of longitudinal research.
Intensive Longitudinal Models
Authors: Ployhart Robert E. , Bliese Paul D. , Strizver Sam D.
Published: January 2025

Intensive longitudinal models (ILMs) allow researchers to analyze nested data collected through frequent measurements—typically 20 or more repeated occasions—over densely spaced durations. Rather than being a single statistical approach, ILMs encompass various models unified by their capability to handle densely collected longitudinal data. We briefly summarize the nature of intensive longitudinal designs and why such designs require the use of ILMs. We then provide a classification typology to help readers understand the features of an ILM they should adopt. This classification typology provides the structure for a narrative review of existing ILM research. We conclude with specific recommendations for using ILMs to enhance theory, design, and analysis. Altogether, ILMs are a fairly straightforward extension of longitudinal models many researchers already use, and so we encourage their application to a broader range of theories and topics.
Algorithmic Management in Organizations? From Edge Case to Center Stage
Authors: Keegan Anne , Meijerink Jeroen
Published: January 2025

This article offers a comprehensive review of the literature on algorithmic management (AM), focusing on insights from human resource management (HRM), organizational psychology (OP), and organizational behavior (OB). It examines how AM is conceptualized in the contexts of platform work and the gig economy, revealing unique challenges and implications. AM functions as a holistic system, primarily in online labor platforms, where it creates a gray zone in which workers exist in an ambiguous space, neither fully inside nor outside organizational boundaries. This gray zone strategically blurs the lines between employees and freelancers, allowing platforms to circumvent traditional employment regulations. As a result, AM poses a unique challenge for HRM, OP, and OB scholars, whose frameworks typically rely on clear distinctions between employment and freelancing, often overlooking the complexities of this gray zone. The article identifies key themes emerging from the literature, highlighting the impact of AM on both individuals and organizations. It reviews AM in HRM systems, highlighting the interlocking nature, dispersion to new actors, and strategic misalignment of AM-based HRM activities. Its review of AM and careers surfaces the role of algorithmic bosses, multi-actor signaling, and identity challenges that arise from the gray zone. In conclusion, the article summarizes its findings and proposes an agenda for future research. It calls on HRM, OP, and OB scholars to engage with the expanding gray zone of work and careers shaped by platform-based ecosystems and AM, urging them to reconsider traditional boundaries and develop more nuanced approaches to understanding work in this evolving landscape.
Recent Advances in Ozone Photochemistry: A Lambda Doublet Propensity and Spin-Forbidden Channels
Authors: Aardema Megan N. , North Simon W.
Published: January 2025

Recent studies on ozone photodissociation in the Hartley and Huggins bands have provided new insights into the dissociation dynamics and product state distributions. A Λ-doublet propensity in the photodissociation has been identified through experiment and theory as the origin of the oscillatory O2(a1Δg) rotational distributions and provides a promising diagnostic for determining the relative contributions of 3
A′ and 3
A″ states in Huggins band spin-forbidden processes. Recent experiments on spin-forbidden dissociation have provided detailed information about the vibrational and rotational distributions of the O2 products and the branching ratios between the O2 electronic states, serving as a motivation for high-level theory.
How I Do It: Management of Pleural-attached Pulmonary Nodules in Low-Dose CT Screening for Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhu Yeqing , Yankelevitz David F. , Henschke Claudia I.
Published: January 2025

At low-dose CT screening for lung cancer, updated guidelines (International Early Lung Cancer Action Program, Lung Screening Reporting and Data System 2022) now consider pleural-attached pulmonary nodules with specific features likely benign and recommend annual follow-up rather than short-term follow-up.
Congenital Inborn Errors of Metabolism: Clinical and Imaging Pearls
Authors: Gerrie Samantha K. , Navallas María , Marie Eman , Inarejos Clemente Emilio , Castle Alison M. R. , Branson Helen M.
Published: January 2025

Pediatric neurometabolic disorders have key clinical, imaging, and laboratory marker features that help narrow the differential diagnosis, and several imaging patterns may serve as guides for reporting these conditions.
Embolization of Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformations: Interventional Approaches according to the Yakes Classification System
Authors: Halut Marin , Dubois Josée , Giroux Marie-France , Gilbert Patrick , Holderbaum do Amaral Ricardo , Nikolic Maja , Zhang Li Xin , Mahsouli Amin , Thérasse Éric , Soulez Gilles
Published: January 2025

The Yakes classification system is used to categorize extracranial arteriovenous malformations according to the arteriographic architecture and number of feeding arteries and draining veins and is helpful for planning interventional treatment and finding the best approach.
Prospective Validation of an Automated Hybrid Multidimensional MRI Tool for Prostate Cancer Detection Using Targeted Biopsy: Comparison with PI-RADS-based Assessment
Authors: Chatterjee Aritrick , Yousuf Ambereen N. , Engelmann Roger , Harmath Carla , Lee Grace , Medved Milica , Jamison Ernest B. , Lorente Campos Abel , Gundogdu Batuhan , Gerber Glenn , Reynolds Luke F. , Modi Parth K. , Antic Tatjana , Giurcanu Mihai , Eggener Scott , Karczmar Gregory S. , Oto Aytekin
Published: January 2025

This study demonstrates that hybrid multidimensional MRI has the potential to improve MRI/US fusion biopsy results, provide more reliable detection of prostate cancer, and add complementary information to Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System–based evaluation by expert radiologists.
MRI-assessed Dynamic Hyperinflation Induced by Tachypnea in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The SPIROMICS-HF Study
Authors: Zhang Xuzhe , Cooper Christopher B. , Prince Martin R. , Ambale-Venkatesh Bharath , Agarwal Prachi P. , Backman Michael C. , Bluemke David A. , Couper David , Dashnaw Stephen M. , Finn John P. , Hansel Nadia N. , Hoffman Eric A. , Jambawalikar Sachin , Kitzman Dalane W. , Krishnan Jerry A. , Lee Yoo Jin , Lima João A. C. , Liu Jing , Menchaca Martha G. , Ohar Jill , Ortega Victor E. , Paine Robert , Peters Stephen P. , Schroeder Joyce D. , Vogel-Claussen Jens , Woodruff Prescott G. , Barr R. Graham , Shen Wei
Published: January 2025

Metronome-paced tachypnea during real-time cine pulmonary MRI is a newly proposed technique to measure dynamic hyperinflation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which yielded reproducible results.
Prevalence and endoscopic features of colorectal non-polypoid lesions: a single-center retrospective study from a large cohort of FIT-positive screening patients in Northern Italy
Authors: Pezzoli Alessandro , Buttitta Francesco , Palmonari Caterina , Simoni Marzia , Pierantoni Chiara , Merighi Alberto , Ricciardiello Luigi
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Colorectal non-polypoid lesions (NPLs) are flat, hard-to-detect and mainly right-sided lesions. We aimed to assess the prevalence and endoscopic features of NPLs lesions in a large cohort of screening patients in Northern Italy.
Methods. FIT-positive subjects between 50 and 69 years old who had undergone at least a screening colonoscopy from March 2005 to December 2017 at the Endoscopy Unit of Ferrara were included. We selected only non-diminutive (>5 mm) and neoplastic polyps (i.e.: adenomas, serrated adenomas and carcinomas). Patients’ demographics and polyps’ endoscopic-histopathological data were collected. Categorical variables were compared using the Pearson’s χ2 test and Fisher’s Exact Test, while odd Ratios and confidence intervals were estimated with univariate analysis.
Results. 6,676 FIT-positive subjects underwent 7,616 colonoscopies during the study period. Total lesions were 3,231, of which 133 were NPLs and among these 123 were neoplastic. Prevalence of NPLs among total lesions was 4.1% while prevalence of neoplastic NPLs among total neoplastic lesions was 4.6%. Prevalence of NPLs and neoplastic NPLs among total colonoscopies was 1.7% and 1.6%, respectively. Neoplastic NPLs were more frequent between 60 and 64 years old (p=0.03) and associated with other colonic polyps in subjects older than 60 years (p=0.016). Cancerized NPLs were more likely in younger patients (50-59 years old, p=0.04).
Conclusions. Prevalence of NPLs is low among screening population, but NPLs are frequently associated with other colonic polyps in patients older than 60 years and carry a higher risk of cancer in patients younger than 60 years old.
Prognostic impact of immunophenotypic variation in subcapsular sinus endothelium of sentinel lymph nodes in invasive breast carcinoma
Authors: Derben Jonas , Oeruem Markus , Blasberg Carolin , Hattesohl Akira , Jank Paul , Kalder Matthias , Denkert Carsten , Westhoff Christina C.
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Several studies demonstrated the de novo-formation of lymphatic vessels in tumor-draining lymph nodes (LN), partly preceding lymphatic metastases. This “lymphovascular niche” supposedly facilitates survival of metastatic tumor cells. This study aims at evaluating the previously observed immunophenotypic variations of subcapsular endothelial cells (SEC) in a larger cohort by software-assisted image analysis.
Methods
Suitable cases with sentinel-LN (SLN) of invasive breast cancer were identified in the Institute of Pathology, corresponding data was extracted. LN of 231 patients were stained for HE, D2-40, CD31 and Prox1. QuPath software was used for assessing the immunohistochemical stained area of endothelial cells of the subcapsular sinus. The Cutoff Finder web application was used for identification of the best cutoff for continuous parameters according to overall survival (OS). Collected data was statistically evaluated for available data.
Results
A larger area of CD31-positive SEC was significantly associated with worse OS (p=0.001), as was a higher proportion of D2-40-stained subcapsular sinus (p=0.045). Larger area of D2-40-/CD31-/Prox1-positive SEC and higher proportion of D2-40 stained subcapsular sinus were independent marker for worse OS in multivariate analysis in the whole cohort, for D2-40- and CD31-positive SECs as well as higher proportion of D2-40-stained sinus including nodal-negative status, respectively.
Conclusion
QuPath-assisted evaluation of immunophenotypic variation in subcapsular sinus endothelium in SLN essentially confirmed and extended our previous findings. Larger positive area of D2-40 and CD31-positive SECs emerged as a strong independent negative prognostic factor, even before evident nodal metastasis. The potential function of alterations in D2-40-/CD31-expression in SECs has yet to be elucidated.
Impact of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase enzyme activity in neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Mancini Camilla , Pecora Giulia , Salerno Gerardo , Lionetto Luana , De Bernardini Donatella , Costanzi Giuseppe , Gabrielli Saverio , Veroli Domenico , Visco Vincenzo , Simmaco Maurizio , Zamponi Virginia , Mazzilli Rossella , Faggiano Antongiulio
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) converts L-tryptophan (T) to L-kynurenine (K) resulting in an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Aim of the current study is to evaluate in patients with neuroendocrine tumor (NET): 1) T and K concentrations; 2) correlation with clinical outcome; 3) relationship between IDO activity and inflammatory cytokines.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the IDO pathway in patients in follow-up for NET. Clinico-pathological features, serum levels of K and T through liquid chromatography and serum assay of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, TNF-α) through MAGPIX were evaluated.
Results: 78 NET patients were enrolled (66 lung, 12 pancreatic): 69.2% were in postoperative remission, 14.1% in stable disease and 16.7% in disease progression. T was significantly lower in patients older than 65 years (p=0.003). K and T were significantly lower in patients with progression (p=0.03, p=0.004, respectively). T was an independent predictor factor of progression in multivariable analysis (p=0.041). A cut-off of 7.74 μg/ml significantly differentiates patients with progression and those with stable disease. IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly associated with tumor progression on univariate analysis (p=0.005, p=0.001, respectively), but not at the multivariable. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between T and IL-10 (r=-0.366, p-value=0.04).
Conclusion: The K/T pathway may play a role as a potential predictor of tumor progression in NET. These findings need to be validated in large prospective studies investigating its metabolites as both prognostic and predictive factors for treatment response.
Association between early postnatal hydrocortisone and retinopathy of prematurity in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Petrishka-Lozenska Mariya , Pivodic Aldina , Flisberg Anders , Hansen-Pupp Ingrid , Smith Lois E.H. , Lundgren Pia , Hellström Ann
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Introduction
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of preventable childhood blindness. We investigated the association of early postnatal low-dose intravenous hydrocortisone used for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) with ROP-outcome among extremely preterm infants in a Swedish cohort.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included extremely preterm infants born before 28 weeks of gestational age (GA). Infants born September 2020 - August 2022, treated with low-dose intravenous hydrocortisone for prevention of BPD, were compared to untreated controls born September 2016 - August 2020. Hydrocortisone was administered postnatally with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg twice daily for seven days, followed by 0.5 mg/kg per day for three days.
Logistic regression, adjusted for GA, birth weight (BW), sex, and parenteral nutrition, was used in the primary analysis. For robustness we performed 1:1 propensity score (PS) matching followed by logistic regression.
Results
Of 245 preterm infants included, 65 were treated with low-dose hydrocortisone and 180 were untreated controls. Incidence of ROP treatment was reduced in the hydrocortisone group 18.5% (12/65) versus controls 32.2% (58 /180), p=0.038. One-to-one PS-matching (n= 62+62) confirmed the reduced incidence of ROP treatment in the hydrocortisone-treated infants (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16 - 0.88, p=0.025). After adjusting for GA, BW, sex, and parenteral nutrition ≥14 days the reduced risk of ROP treatment after early hydrocortisone treatment persisted (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.16 - 0.60, p=0.0005).
Conclusion
Early postnatal low-dose intravenous hydrocortisone used to prevent BPD may reduce the risk of ROP treatment among extremely preterm infants.
Multicenter Phase 2 Trial of Second-Line Regorafenib in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Progression on Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab (REGONEXT)
Authors: Cheon Jaekyung , Ryoo Baek-Yeol , Chon Hong Jae , Kim Hyung-Don , Ryu Min-Hee , Kim Kyu-Pyo , Kang Beodeul , Finn Richard S. , Chan Stephen Lam , Yoo Changhoon
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Atezolizumab-bevacizumab (Atezo-Bev) has become the standard first-line treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). However, data on subsequent treatment after Atezo-Bev failure are lacking. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of regorafenib for uHCC progression after first-line Atezo-Bev.
Methods: This investigator-initiated, single-arm, phase 2 trial involved two academic centers in Korea. Eligibility criteria included a diagnosis of HCC, prior treatment with at least 2 cycles of Atezo-Bev, and Child-Pugh A liver function. Eligible patients received regorafenib 160 mg once daily for 3 weeks of every 4-week cycle (i.e., 3 weeks on, 1 week off) until progressive disease or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included objective response rate, disease control rate according to RECIST v1.1, overall survival (OS), and treatment-related adverse events.
Results: Forty patients were enrolled from December 2021 through May 2023. The median follow-up duration was 10.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3-12.0). The median PFS was 3.5 months (95% CI, 3.0-3.9). The median OS was 10.5 months (95% CI, 7.1-13.8), and the 6-month OS rate was 65.0%. The objective response rate and disease control rate were 10.0% and 82.5%, respectively. The most common grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse event was thrombocytopenia (5.0%). When stratified according to time to progression on prior Atezo-Bev (first quartile [< 2.3 months] vs. second to fourth quartiles [≥ 2.3 months]), patients with longer time to progression on prior Atezo-Bev had better OS (15.0 vs. 3.6 months, p<0.001), objective response rate (13.3% vs. 0%, p=0.009), and a tendency toward better PFS with regorafenib (3.8 vs. 2.5 months; p=0.054).
Conclusions: Second-line regorafenib was effective for treating uHCC progression after first-line Atezo-Bev. The efficacy and safety outcomes from our study were consistent with those observed in the pivotal phase 3 RESORCE trial, which included sorafenib-tolerant/progressed patients.
Mutual Joy: The Critical Role of Shared Positive Emotions in the Development of Communication
Authors: Carpendale Jeremy Ian Maxwell , MacGillivray Tanya
Published: January 2025

The mutual enjoyment infants and caregivers experience when interacting with each other forms the foundation for human forms of communication, which then make human languages and thinking possible. We explore the role of emotions in structuring the relationships in which communication emerges. Understanding communicative development is facilitated by reflecting on the social and emotional cradle infants experience consisting of the shared enjoyment in interaction in which infants and their caregivers engage. We build on work suggesting that enjoyable interaction with others becomes a goal in itself, and infants learn new ways to achieve this goal using their own actions such as clowning as well as using objects to engage others’ attention. This interaction plays a role first in the emergence of gestures, and then language, which is crucial in making human forms of thinking possible. Furthermore, this enjoyment in interacting with others is also central in the development of prosocial and moral action.
The Role of Instagram in the Performativity of Post-digital Authorship in the Comic, Zine, and Art Publishing Community
Authors: Preston Louisa
Published: January 2025

Insights have been developed into social media influencers and marketing strategies which aid book discovery and sales. However, less is known about the distinctions in the use of social media platforms in the comic, zine, and art publishing sectors. Focusing on the author’s use of Instagram in her artist-publisher-researcher practice, this article analyses the role of the platform and conceptualizes its use in the performativity of post-digital authorship. The article introduces the concept of post-digital authorship, in which a process-based performance of content aims to build identity, participation, and recognition connected to live and virtual events and digital and print formats of micropublishing. The contribution of this paper is the relative un-performance of the author on Instagram, amidst the micropublishing strategies in the community of comic, zine, and art publishing, in comparison with authors in other sectors of the publishing industry.
The Contribution of Translingual Writers to the Diversity of British and American Children’s Book Markets
Authors: Orel Brigita
Published: January 2025

Thousands of new children’s titles are published in the UK and the US each year, yet only between two and three per cent of those books are translations from other languages. However, it is vital for children in today’s multicultural societies to see cultural and linguistic diversity represented in books. Any translation of a foreign text is advantageous in this respect, but there is a segment of texts that may offer an even more unadulterated representation of non-UK and non-US cultures. These are texts by authors who write in English although that is not their primary language. These authors often introduce ‘foreign’ cultural concepts in their works published in the UK and the US. With the help of content analysis, I examine the text, illustrations, and peritext of 30 books by translingual writers to assess their contribution to children’s literature in terms of its diversity and inclusivity.
Two Highly Unexpected Emails and a Tap on the Shoulder
Authors: Aspaas Per Pippin
Published: January 2025

Open access is one of the most heated topics in the world of scholarly publishing. Humanities scholars sometimes critique electronic publishing – and Creative Commons licences in particular – as a threat to the publication format that they cherish the most, viz. the monograph. This article argues otherwise. Based on personal experience, its author argues that open sharing of monograph-size theses and dissertations in repositories facilitates uptake by serious academic book publishers. Moreover, publishing an open access monograph with a Creative Commons licence paves the way for translations into other languages at no cost whatsoever. Humanities scholars should embrace open access instead of seeing it as a threat and explore new possibilities offered by the emerging diamond open access model.
From basic scientific research to the development of new drugs for pulmonary arterial hypertension: insights from activin-targeting agents
Authors: Guignabert Christophe
Published: January 2025

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disorder of the pulmonary vasculature leading to right ventricular failure. This pulmonary vascular remodelling leads to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and high pulmonary arterial pressures. Despite the development of new therapies, many patients continue to experience significant morbidity and mortality. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of PAH pathophysiology, with a focus on key mechanisms that contribute to pulmonary endothelial cell dysfunction and the pathological accumulation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, mesenchymal cells and inflammatory cells in the walls of remodelled small pulmonary vessels, three processes central to the progression of PAH. In particular, it highlights recent developments in targeting the activin signalling pathway, a novel therapeutic approach that shows promise in modulating these pathological processes. The review also addresses the ongoing challenges in translating preclinical findings into effective clinical treatments, emphasising the importance of integrating human data with preclinical models and adopting innovative strategies to bridge the gap between research and clinical practice.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for adults with respiratory failure secondary to cardiorespiratory disease: evolving indications and clinical practice
Authors: Mortimer Ocean Nicola , Patel Brijesh V. , Garfield Benjamin
Published: January 2025

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can support patients with severe cardiorespiratory failure presenting with hypoxia who would otherwise have not survived. Patient selection for ECMO is challenging and relies on the integration of physiological variables with an assessment of reversibility of the underlying condition or suitability for transplantation. In this review, we focus on patients with cardiorespiratory disease who may present with severe hypoxia. We will discuss the indications and contraindications for ECMO; the evidence for ECMO, which is limited to a small number of clinical trials and registry data; the complications of ECMO; expanding technologies and indications; the development of a multidisciplinary ECMO network; and future research. The aim is to increase knowledge of this important area for respiratory physicians.
Self-medication pattern among medical students in Middle Delta, Egypt
Authors: Hassan Nadira Mansour , Koabar Shimaa Mohamed Mohamed
Published: January 2025

Background

Self- medication leading to wastage of limited resources in developing countries, prolonged suffering, increase resistance to drugs and may result in significant medical complications such as adverse drug responses and dependence. Self-medication is extensively used by health professionals. Undergraduate medical students as being the future physicians representing a main pillar in health care system thus have special significance. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-medication and identify its pattern among medical students in Tanta university, Egypt.

Methods

A four-month cross-sectional study was carried out among Egyptian undergraduate medical students at Tanta University, from first to final year. (November 2023 – February 2024). The students were chosen using a two-stage cluster sampling method, and data on sociodemographic and self-medication patterns were collected using a predesigned semi-structured self-administered questionnaire.

Results

The prevalence of self-medication was 71%. The key determinants of self-medication was students’ medical knowledge from self- experience and studies (55.9%). Headache was a common complaint for self-medication (80.4%). Majority of them (88.3%) use pharmaceutical products where analgesics lies on top (92.4%). The degree of popularity of the medicine was the primary reason for drug selection (52.5%) and recommendation of the pharmacist was the main determinate of selecting type of drug (43.6%). However, 30.2% experienced side effects, of which 50% went to private physician and 33.5% stopped taking their medications. Half of the students took antibiotics for self-medication.

Conclusions

Self-medication is a common practice among medical students. where headache was the common symptom and the most commonly utilized medications for self-medication were analgesics. There is a need to augment the value of diagnosis, awareness and seriousness of this practice.
Do individuals with inflammatory arthritis receive minimally adequate treatment for incident depression and anxiety: A population-based study
Authors: Howren Alyssa , Sayre Eric C. , Avina-Zubieta J. Antonio , Puyat Joseph H. , Da Costa Deborah , Xie Hui , Davidson Eileen , Gupta Amit , De Vera Mary A.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Describe patterns of pharmacotherapy and psychological treatment and evaluate receipt of minimally adequate treatment for incident depression and anxiety in individuals with inflammatory arthritis (IA).

Methods

We used population-based linked administrative health databases from British Columbia, Canada to evaluate pharmacotherapy and psychological treatments for incident depression and/or anxiety among individuals with IA and without IA (‘IA-free controls’). We defined minimally adequate pharmacotherapy as antidepressant prescriptions filled with ≥ 84 days’ supply and adequate psychological treatment as ≥ 4 counselling/psychotherapy services. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the odds of individuals with IA receiving minimally adequate pharmacotherapy and/or psychological treatment compared to IA-free controls.

Results

6,951 (mean age 54.8 ± 18.3 years; 65.5% female) individuals with IA had incident depression and 3,701 (mean age 52.9 ± 16.8 years; 74.3% female) had incident anxiety. Minimally adequate pharmacotherapy and psychological treatment for depression was respectively observed in 50.5% and 19.6% of those with IA, proportions similar to IA-free controls (pharmacotherapy: aOR 1.10, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.21; psychological: aOR 1.07, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.21). Results were similar regarding anxiety treatment. Individuals with IA had a significantly greater likelihood of dispensing ≥ 1 benzodiazepine (anxiety: IA 45.0%, IA-free controls 39.0%, p-value < 0.001) and ≥ 1 tricyclic antidepressant prescription (anxiety: IA 12.8%, IA-free controls 7.8%, p-value < 0.001). Significantly higher average days’ supply of benzodiazepines was observed for IA (anxiety: IA 123.7 days, controls 112.4 days, p-value = 0.003).

Conclusions

A substantial proportion of individuals with IA were not receiving adequate mental health treatment for depression and anxiety, a finding similar for IA-free controls. The undertreatment of mental disorders for people with IA has well-known negative implications for the provision of effective rheumatology care. It remains fundamental to expand publicly funded health care to include mental health services in an effort to address unmet counselling needs.
A framework for flow time measured by Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Kenny Jon-Emile S.
Published: January 2025

The duration of mechanical systole—also termed the flow time (FT) or left ventricular ejection time (LVET)—is measured by Doppler ultrasound and increasingly used as a stroke volume (SV) surrogate to guide patient care. Nevertheless, confusion exists as to the determinants of FT and a critical evaluation of this measure is needed. Using Doppler ultrasound of the left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (LVOT VTI) as well as strain and strain rate echocardiography as grounding principles, this brief commentary offers a model for the independent influences of FT. This framework establishes that systolic duration is directly proportional to the distance traversed by a single cardiac myocyte and indirectly proportional to its shortening velocity. Grossly, this translates to a direct relationship between FT and the LVOT VTI (i.e., SV) and an indirect relationship with mean ejection velocity. Thus, changes in the systolic time can infer SV change, so long as other cardiac parameters are considered.
PRV-1b and PRV-3a infection is associated with the same clinical disease in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) farmed in Chile: unraveling the pathogenesis of the orthoreoviral cardiomyopathy and hemolytic jaundice (OCHJ)
Authors: Rozas-Serri Marco , Ildefonso Ricardo , Peña Andrea , Jaramillo Victoria , Correa Rodolfo , Barrientos Soraya , Muñoz Ariel , Maldonado Lucerina , Peñaloza Estefanía
Published: January 2025

Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is a virus that is widely distributed among global aquaculture populations of salmonid species. The coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) is a species of increasing productive and economic importance in Chile. The presence of PRV has generated concern about its impact on the health and welfare of this species. The objective of this study was to comparatively describe the clinical manifestations, pathological changes, and pathogenesis associated with PRV infection in two different farms of farmed coho salmon in Chile through a prospective longitudinal descriptive observational study. The results demonstrated that PRV-1b and PRV-3a are independently associated with the same clinical and pathological presentation in farmed coho salmon. Microscopic pathology of the disease associated with PRV-1b and PRV-3a was primarily characterized by degenerative and inflammatory findings in the heart and liver. Hematological and blood biochemistry biomarkers in fish exhibited alterations, manifesting as hemolytic anemia and prehepatic jaundice likely due to indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Pathogenesis of infection associated with both PRV-1b and PRV-3a would indicate a specific tropism for erythrocytes and cardiomyocytes of the spongy myocardium. It is noteworthy that despite a notable reduction in viral load of both PRV subgroups in tissues, the frequency of macroscopic lesions increased during the final phase of the study. In conclusion, the results indicate a strong correlation between infection by both PRV subgroups and the proposed orthoreoviral cardiomyopathy and hemolytic jaundice (OCHJ) disease. Further research on the pathogenesis and surveillance of PRV-1b and PRV-3a subgroups is pivotal to develop effective strategies for the control of OCHJ in farmed coho salmon.
Factors influencing virtual lab adoption in marginalized rural schools: insights from South Africa
Authors: Shambare Brian , Jita Thuthukile
Published: January 2025

Teaching in rural schools is frequently marked by challenges ranging from restricted technological infrastructure and geographical remoteness to sparse professional development. Guided by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), this paper reports findings from a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study that investigated Virtual Lab (VL) adoption in rural South African schools. Data collected through a questionnaire (N = 186) and semi-structured interviews (N = 4) involving life sciences teachers were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The study revealed surprising trends in VL adoption, indicating that family and friends have a greater influence than colleages. Contrary to conventional wisdom on teacher motivation, this paper underscores learners’ enthusiasm as pivotal. Despite reservations regarding facilitating conditions, improved technology access challenges prior assumptions of scarcity in rural schools. Nevertheless, while challenges such as low competence and inadequate professional development persist, rural school teachers express readiness for adoption, signalling potential increased usage under favourable conditions.
Quantitative accuracy of preclinical in ovo PET/MRI: influence of attenuation and quantification methods
Authors: Balber Theresa , Benčurová Katarína , Mayrhofer Manuela , Friske Joachim , Haas Martin , Kuntner Claudia , Helbich Thomas H. , Hacker Marcus , Mitterhauser Markus , Rausch Ivo
Published: January 2025

Aim

The combination of positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides an innovation leap in the use of fertilized chicken eggs (in ovo model) in preclinical imaging as PET/MRI enables the investigation of the chick embryonal organ-specific distribution of PET-tracers. However, hybrid PET/MRI inheres technical challenges in quantitative in ovo PET such as attenuation correction (AC) for the object as well as for additional hardware parts present in the PET field-of-view, which potentially contribute to quantification biases in the PET images if not accounted for. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the different sources of attenuation on in ovo PET/MRI and assess the accuracy of MR-based AC for in ovo experiments.

Method

An in-house made chicken egg phantom was used to investigate the magnitude of self-attenuation and the influence of the MRI hardware on the PET signal. The phantom was placed in a preclinical PET/MRI system and PET acquisitions were performed without, and after subsequently adding the different hardware parts to the setup. Reconstructions were performed without any AC for the different setups and with subsequently incorporating the hardware parts into the AC. In addition, in ovo imaging was performed using [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor, and PET data was reconstructed with the different AC combinations. Quantitative accuracy was assessed for the phantom and the in ovo measurements.

Results

In general, not accounting for the self-attenuation of the egg and the hardware parts caused an underestimation of the PET signal of around 49% within the egg. Accounting for all sources of attenuation allowed a proper quantification with global offsets of 2% from the true activity. Quantification based on % injected dose per cc (%ID/cc) was similar for the in ovo measurements, regardless of whether hardware parts were included in AC or not, when the injected activity was extracted from the PET images. However, substantial quantification biases were found when the self-attenuation of the egg was not taken into account.

Conclusion

Self-attenuation of the egg and PET signal attenuation within the hardware parts of the MRI substantially influence quantitative accuracy in in ovo measurements. However, when compensating for the self-attenuation of the egg by a respective AC, a reliable quantification using %ID/cc can be performed even if not accounting for the attenuation of the hardware parts.