bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Features, Management, and Outcomes of Chest Trauma at a Tertiary-Care Centre in India: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Walia Bhupinder Singh , Dugg Pankaj , Sharma Sanjeev
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Chest is one of the main sites of injuries in trauma being a part of the torso. Many important organs lie in rib cage. However, data on chest injuries are scarce. Methods. A retrospective study was carried out for chest trauma patients including polytrauma (n = 184) from hospital records for five years (2016–2020). Various parameters including demographic profile, mode of injury, management, and outcomes were studied. Results. Mean age of patients was 37 ± 16 years with a male to female ratio of 2.4 : 1. Road traffic injuries remained the most common cause of trauma followed by assaults. Most of the patients were managed conservatively (55.43%). Mortality was seen in only 1.63% patients. Conclusion. Young male patients are usually affected by trauma. Road traffic injuries are the commonest cause. However, most patients can be managed by conservative treatment and mortality is seen only in polytrauma patients in the present study.
Detecting Electromagnetic Geographical Environment Changes Based on the Frequency‐Intensity Curve
Authors: Huang Yi , Wang Mengyi , Qiu Qianqian , Miao Lizhi , Zhang Haiping , Qin Jiarui , Min Xiangqiang , Sheng Yehua
Published: November 2021

Electromagnetic geographic environment is closely related to human life. With continuous popularization of public infrastructures and daily electronic instruments, such as electric power communication systems and household appliances, electromagnetic radiation sources have increased sharply in the geographic environment, which leads to increasingly serious electromagnetic radiation pollution. Thus, it is significant to monitor, evaluate, and analyze the electromagnetic radiation condition and explore its changing law in the environment. However, the traditional monitoring method can only detect anomalies within certain frequencies in the fixed stations. To fill this gap, this research first develops a vehicle‐mounted electromagnetic environment monitoring system to collect both spatial positioning data and electromagnetic data of the whole frequency range. The acquired data are then used to construct the location‐based frequency‐intensity curve to reflect the variation of electromagnetic radiation at different frequency ranges. On this basis, a curve similarity measurement method is introduced to analyze the similarity of different curves, which is effective to diagnose time‐varying sources from both global and local perspectives. This research provides a real‐time mobile monitoring method, which is significant to know the dynamic variation of local electromagnetic environment and promotes subsequent comprehensive geographic analyses.
Imaging α-GalCer–Activated iNKT Cells in a Hepatic Metastatic Environment
Authors: Babes Liane , Shim Raymond , Kubes Paul
Published: November 2021

Patients with colorectal cancer frequently develop liver metastases after, and perhaps as a consequence of, lifesaving surgical resection of the primary tumor. This creates a potential opportunity for prophylactic metastatic treatment with novel immunostimulatory molecules. Here, we used state-of-the-art intravital imaging of an experimental liver metastasis model to visualize the early behavior and function of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells stimulated with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). Intravenous α-GalCer prior to tumor cell seeding in the liver significantly inhibited tumor growth. However, some seeding tumor cells survived. A multiple dosing regimen reduced tumor burden and prolonged the life of mice, whereas tumors returned within 5 days after a single dose of α-GalCer. With multiple doses of α-GalCer, iNKT cells increased in number and granularity (as did NK cells). As a result, the total number of contacts and time in contact with tumors increased substantially. In the absence of iNKT cells, the beneficial effect of α-GalCer was lost. Robust cytokine production dissipated over time. Repeated therapy, even after cytokine dissipation, led to reduced tumor burden and prolonged survival. Serial transplantation of tumors exposed to α-GalCer–activated iNKT cells did not induce greater resistance, suggesting no obvious epigenetic or genetic immunoediting in tumors exposed to activated iNKT cells. Very few tumor cells expressed CD1d in this model, and as such, adding monomers of CD1d–α-GalCer further reduced tumor growth. The data suggest early and repeated stimulation of iNKT cells with α-GalCer could have direct therapeutic benefit for patients with colorectal cancer who develop metastatic liver disease.
Tecnologias assistivas e deficiência: um encontro das mulheres-mães com a fabricação digital nos Fab Labs
Authors: Soares Juliana Maria Moreira , Campos Paulo Eduardo Fonseca de
Published: November 2021

O espaço que as novas tecnologias têm ocupado no cotidiano das pessoas é cada vez mais amplo. No entanto, tal ocupação não tende a ser democrática e igualitária. Partindo desse olhar, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar percepções a respeito das vivências realizadas em um projeto desenvolvido sobre os seguintes pilares: mulheres-mães, deficiência e desenvolvimento de Tecnologia Assistiva em espaços conhecidos como Fablabs. Através de uma abordagem de cunho exploratório e natureza qualitativa, esse estudo introduz um panorama geral da pesquisa, seguido das explorações e reflexões sobre as atividades realizadas. Em suas etapas práticas, entre outros, foram utilizados métodos de caráter etnográfico e Design Research. O grupo de mulheres, mães de crianças com deficiência, cujo número de integrantes foi variável durante as práticas (de duas a cinco pessoas), realizou atividades de desenvolvimento de produtos de tecnologia assistiva utilizando ferramentas de manufatura digital em um laboratório público da Rede Fablab Livre SP, na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. As reflexões deste estudo se relacionam com as questões de interpretação dos significados das atividades nesses espaços para o grupo e suas identificações com as tarefas tecnológicas performadas. Dessa forma, procura-se contribuir para um debate com relação à ocupação de ambientes do tipo Fablab, vocacionados a uma entrada social e plural de seus usuários e usuárias.
O compartilhamento de saberes sobre o uso da modelagem paramétrica e da fabricação digital entre contextos formativos e profissionais de arquitetura: relato de caso
Authors: Pires Janice de Freitas , Silva Adriane Borda Almeida da , Silva Alexandre Berneira da , Leandro Ramile da Silva
Published: November 2021

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de ações que visam compartilhar experiências de reconhecimento e apropriação de técnicas de projeto paramétrico e fabricação digital com escritórios de arquitetura, desenvolvidas no âmbito de um projeto de extensão. Tais ações têm investido no estabelecimento de um diálogo com profissionais de arquitetura, de um contexto local, sobre as potencialidades de tais técnicas para a resolução de problemas de projeto junto a este contexto específico, no dia a dia da prática de arquitetura. Além da própria formação dos estudantes envolvidos no projeto em questão, os participantes das ações tiveram a oportunidade de refletir sobre as possibilidades de compartilhamento por meio das práticas dos estágios obrigatórios e da extensão curricularizada, considerados como veículos já institucionalizados e próprios para trocas efetivas de conhecimento e potencialização mútua dos referidos contextos.
Variações formais em um sistema generativo: o sintagma como hipótese de controle semântico
Authors: Engel Pedro
Published: November 2021

A definição dos meios para controlar o processo generativo em um sistema computacional que aspira automação em projeto depende de como entendemos e organizamos as informações codificadas no programa. Trata-se de um problema que deve ser considerado à luz de questões contingentes, como propósito e definição do usuário. Vinculado a uma estratégia de pesquisa pelo projeto, este artigo aborda a elaboração de uma definição de Rhinoceros/Grasshopper como apoio ao ensino de projeto ilustrando as relações entre elementos de fachada em edifícios de estrutura independente. O processo generativo produz variações compositivas por meio da seleção e deslocamentos de elementos arquitetônicos. O desenvolvimento do módulo de controle do algoritmo implica em considerar o principal propósito pedagógico deste projeto: promover compreensão da manipulação formal ressaltando o vínculo entre operações sintáticas e a dimensão semântica da arquitetura. Será apresentada hipótese para endereçar este problema: uma reorganização do módulo controle aprimorando um sistema de filtros desenvolvido anteriormente. Seguindo princípios da Linguagem dos Padrões, de Alexander et al. (1977), buscou-se contornar o problema do tratamento independente das variáveis aproximando precedentes arquitetônicos, cuja combinação de elementos atua em conjunto, criando respostas coerentes a problemas de projeto com demandas múltiplas e conflitantes. A modalidade, denominada “controle por sintagma” – conceito da linguística que se refere a conjunto de palavras ordenado segundo regras sintáticas – busca controlar variações usando padrões combinatórios pré-definidos com base nos precedentes estudados.
Accuracy of printed models obtained from intraoral scanning
Authors: Igai Fernando , Steagall Junior Washington , Tortamano Neto Pedro
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To compare the accuracy of two methods for the manufacturing of physical models: I) intraoral scanning and resin-printed models; and II) addition silicone impression and gypsum model. Materials and methods: A dental manikin was used as the master model and compared with five gypsum models (g1) and five resin printed models (g2) by analyzing linear measurements at four sites (M1, M2, M3, and M4) using an image measuring instrument. The mean values of the experimental models were compared to those of the master model using one-sample t-test. The samples of each group at the same site were compared with an independent t-test. For all tests, a significance level of 5% (0.05) was considered. Results: The confidence intervals from M1, M2, and M4 sites for both gypsum and resin models presented statistically lower linear distance when compared to the reference values. At m3, the mean value for the gypsum models was not statistically different from the reference mean value (p > 0.05); however, resin-printed models presented a statistically different mean value (p < 0.05), as well as lower values of linear distance. Conclusions: When compared to gypsum models, resin- printed models differed greatly from the master model, indicating the need for standardizing the printing protocol, for its variables may influence printed models accuracy.
Oral soft-tissue sarcomas diagnosed in an oral pathology service: a 16year experience
Authors: Pina Paulo Sérgio Souza , Bergamini Mariana Lobo , Coracin Fábio Luiz , Sousa Suzana Cantanhede Orsini Machado de
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study analyzed the prevalence and clinic-pathological features of soft-tissue sarcomas diagnosed in a single-center of oral pathology from a School of Dentistry in Brazil. Materials and methods: All consecutive cases of intra-oral soft-tissue sarcomas diagnosed between January of 2002 and December of 2018 were retrieved from the files; patient data (sex, age and race) and characteristics of the lesions (site, size, clinical aspect and duration of injury) were collected. Results: Among a total of 62,255 biopsies diagnosed in the studied period, soft-tissue oral sarcomas comprised 76 cases (0.12%). Kaposi sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma encompassed 64.5% of the cases, and 53% of these were diagnosed as Kaposi Sarcoma. Male patients were more affected (59.2%) and white patients comprised 50%. In general, 39.4% of the patients were between 21-40yo. Conclusion: Soft-tissue sarcomas are rare in oral soft-tissue and in our pathology service, they comprised only 0.12% of all diseases diagnosed in the studied period. Kaposi sarcoma was the most frequent, followed by leiomyosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Thus, it is important for stomatologists and pathologists to be aware of their characteristics when examining oral mucosa, mainly their peculiarities regarding patient’s age, clinical appearance, and site of occurrence.
O que as mãos não ousam tocar: Revisão crítica das “premissas musicais” do livro Feitiço Decente de Carlos Sandroni.
Authors: Brandão Ricardo Augusto
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho propõe uma análise crítica de conceitos e ideias presente no livro de Carlos Sandroni: Feitiço Decente de 2001, sobretudo do capítulo intitulado premissas musicais. A partir de uma postura política procura-se aprofundar a discussão sobre certos equívocos metodológicos na forma como o autor utiliza conceitos musicais, especialmente rítmicos, presentes na música popular brasileira e de matriz africana: como a síncope, as claves e linhas guias, e as métricas aditivas e divisivas. Através da revisão de certa bibliografia, é possível observar autores que se aproximam das visões de Sandroni sobre o tema, e deixam transparecer o caráter ideológico por trás de tal postura analitica: como a supervalorização da percepção individual; do apelo às diferenças e à alteridade; e a recusa em usar o ferramental analitico tradicional nas pesquisas sobre a música popular e de matriz africana. O que se pretende demonstrar é como algumas premissas ideológicas de uma certa musicologia ‘nova’ podem turvar e limitar a visão  sobre expressões musicais não hegemônicas.
O pecador - para sagrada comunhão
Authors: Emboaba Fernando
Published: November 2021

Como parte integrante e inerente à atividade musicológica, a recuperação e reconstituição de manuscritos é aquela que desperta grande fascínio ao pesquisador, fomentado pelo descobrimento de diversas perspectivas históricas e divulgação de um passado muitas vezes esquecido. Tendo isso em vista, nos voltamos para reconstituição e edição de um manuscrito do compositor Florêncio José Ferreira Coutinho – compositor em diversas irmandades atuando concomitantemente com atividade militar provinda do Regimento dos Dragões no último quartel do século XVIII e início do século XIX em Vila Rica, atual Ouro Preto (Estado de Minas Gerais) – pertencente ao acervo de partituras do Museu da Inconfidência no Anexo III – Casa do Pilar, denominado O pecador - Para Sagrada Comunhão. Em suma, neste recorte, pretendemos, por meio de uma metodologia exploratória e procedimento documental, remontar todo o processo de reconstituição do manuscrito, desde nosso primeiro contato com o documento até sua editoração e análise, pontuando as decisões musicológicas que enfrentamos até sua conclusão.
Os benefícios do ensino musical na formação e desenvolvimento humano
Authors: Albano Sonia , Braz Ana Lucia
Published: November 2021

O texto em questão tem como objetivo demonstrar em que medida a música, enquanto área de conhecimento, pode contribuir na formação e no desenvolvimento integral dos indivíduos e quais as zonas do corpo físico e psíquico que podem ser acionadas no contato com a música. A fundamentação teórica está embasada nos textos de Maria Cândida Moraes (2003), A. Storr (2002), S Viellard e E. Bigan (2005), entre outros, na maioria, pesquisadores focados na cognição musical.
A aula de música on-line no ensino superior: considerações emergenciais sobre pedagogia e motivação em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Bomfim Cássia Carrascoza , Sulpício Eliana , Corvisier Fátima , Berg Silvia
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo apresenta algumas considerações sobre pedagogia e motivação nas aulas de música no Ensino Superior, abordando atividades realizadas nos anos letivos de 2020 e 2021, período correspondente à pandemia do Covid 19. Para tal, comentamos os termos relacionados à pedagogia e à motivação e descrevemos atividades aplicadas e vivenciadas nas aulas, que ilustram esta prática em interações emergenciais on-line .
Meneleu Campos - Os Quartetos de Cordas
Authors: Paula Odair Aparecido de , Cruz Claudio
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo aborda os quartetos de cordas de Octavio Meneleu Campos (1872-1927), obras do repertório camerístico brasileiro: Quarteto nº 1 em Sol maior (1899), Quarteto nº 2 em Lá maior (1899), Quarteto nº 3 em Ré maior (1901) e Quarteto nº 4 em Mi maior (1902). Na metodologia temos as diversas fontes primárias fornecidas pelo Museu da Universidade Federal do Pará, realizamos uma edição crítica que está em estágio de editoração, bem como uma busca nos periódicos de época sobre a trajetória do compositor e seu repertório, especialmente os quartetos de cordas. Evidenciamos a maestria do compositor na confecção dos quartetos e a importância de sua inclusão no repertório camerístico brasileiro. Discutimos ainda os problemas na recepção de sua obra.
Atrioventricular Longitudinal Mechanics Using Novel Speckle-Tracking Improved Risk Stratification Beyond Baseline Thyroid Hormone in Asymptomatic Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Authors: Huang Wen-Hung , Sung Kuo-Tzu , Kuo Jen-Yuan , Chen Ying-Ju , Huang Chun-Ta , Chien Shih-Chieh , Tsai Jui-Peng , Lo Chi-In , Hsiao Chih-Chung , Lin Jiun-Lu , Tsai I-Hsien , Yun Chun-Ho , Su Cheng-Huang , Hung Ta-Chuan , Yeh Hung-I , Hung Chung-Lieh
Published: November 2021

Background:

Hypothyroidism is reportedly associated with increased cardiovascular risk and heart failure. We aimed to elucidate the mechanistic influence of atrio-ventricular deformations and their prognostic utilizations in asymptomatic subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH).

Methods:

We assessed speckle-tracking of deformations among 4173 population-based asymptomatic individuals classified as euthyroid (0.25< thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] ≤4.0 μIU/mL, n=3799) or having mild (4< TSH ≤10.0 μIU/mL, n=349) or marked (TSH >10 μIU/mL, n=25) SCH. We further related deformational indices to outcomes of atrial fibrillation and heart failure.

Results:

Despite borderline differences in indexed left ventricular mass and left atrial volume (
P
=0.054 and 0.051), those classified as mild and marked SCH presented with modest but significant reductions of global longitudinal strain, and showed elevated E/tissue Doppler imaging (TDI)-e′, markedly diminished peak atrial longitudinal strain and higher left atrial stiffness (all
P
<0.05) when compared with euthyroid subjects. A higher TSH level was independently associated with reduced TDI-s′/TDI-e′, worse global atrio-ventricular strains (global longitudinal strain/peak atrial longitudinal strain), elevated E/TDI-e′, and worsened left atrial strain rate components (all
P
<0.05). Over a median 5.6 years (interquartile range, 4.7–6.5 years) follow-up, myocardial deformations yielded independent risk prediction using Cox regression in models adjusted for baseline covariates, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, E/e′, and treatment effect. Incorporation of global atrio-ventricular strain (global longitudinal strain/peak atrial longitudinal strain) and strain rates further showed improved risk reclassification when added to the baseline TSH strata (classified as euthyroid and mild and marked SCH; all
P
<0.05). Cox regression models remained significant with improved risk reclassification beyond TSH-based strata by using slightly different deformational cutoffs after excluding marked SCH group.

Conclusions:

Hypothyroidism, even when asymptomatic, may widely influence subclinical atrio-ventricular mechanical functions that may lead to higher heart failure and atrial fibrillation risk. We proposed the potential usefulness and prognostic utilization of myocardial strains in such population.
Increased COVID-19 Mortality in People With Previous Cerebrovascular Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Lazcano Uxue , Cuadrado-Godia Elisa , Grau María , Subirana Isaac , Martínez-Carbonell Elisenda , Boher-Massaguer Marc , Rodríguez-Campello Ana , Giralt-Steinhauer Eva , Fernández-Pérez Isabel , Jiménez-Conde Jordi , Roquer Jaume , Ois Ángel
Published: November 2021

Background:

The aim of the study was to determine the association between previous stroke and mortality after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) according to sex, age groups, and stroke subtypes.

Methods:

Prospective population-based cohort study including all COVID-19 positive cases between February 1 and July 31, 2020. Comorbidities and mortality were extracted using linked health administration databases. Previous stroke included transient ischemic attack, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, and combined stroke for cases with more than one category. Other comorbidities were obesity, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, cirrhosis, dementia, individual socioeconomic index, and deprivation index. Cases were followed up until December 31, 2020. Primary outcome was mortality of any cause after COVID-19 positivity. Cox proportional regression analysis adjusted for comorbidities was used. Stratified analyses were performed for sex and age (<60, 60–79, and ≥80 years).

Results:

There were 91 629 COVID-19 cases. Previous strokes were 5752 (6.27%), of which 3887 (67.57%) were ischemic, 1237 (21.50%) transient ischemic attack, 255 (4.43%) combined, 203 (3.53%) hemorrhagic, and 170 (2.96%) subarachnoid hemorrhage. There were 9512 deaths (10.38%). Mortality was associated with previous stroke (hazard ratio [HR]=1.12 [95% CI, 1.06–1.18];
P
<0.001), in both sexes separately (men=1.13 [1.05–1.22];
P
=0.001; women=1.09 [1.01–1.18];
P
=0.023), in people <60 years (HR=2.97 [1.97–4.48];
P
<0.001) and 60 to 79 years (HR=1.32 [1.19–1.48];
P
<0.001) but not in people ≥80 years (HR=1.02 [0.96–1.09];
P
=0.437). Ischemic (HR=1.11 [1.05–1.18];
P
=0.001), hemorrhagic (HR=1.53 [1.20–1.96];
P
=0.001) and combined (HR=1.31 [1.05–1.63];
P
=0.016) strokes were associated but not transient ischemic attack. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was associated only in people <60 years (HR=5.73 [1.82–18.06];
P
=0.003).

Conclusions:

Previous stroke was associated with a higher mortality in people younger than 80 years. The association occurred for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke but not for transient ischemic attack. These data might help healthcare authorities to establish prioritization strategies for COVID-19 vaccination.
Therapeutic Mechanism of Chinese Medicine on the Healing of Early and Middle Fractures in Rabbits Under the Expression Level of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) in Bone Tissue
Authors: Xu Hegui , Liu Yang , Li Yuxiong , Luo Wenbing , Liu Zhenyang , Jian Yuekui
Published: November 2021

In order to explore the therapeutic mechanism of Chinese medicine on the healing of rabbits early and middle fractures, a rabbit fracture model was established in this study. The study was divided into several groups, i.e., treatment group (TG) (fed with Chinese medicine Capsule) and
control group (CG) (fed with normal saline (NS)). The materials were collected at 1, 3, and 5 weeks after the start of the experiment for analysis. The experiment content included: callus Hematoxylin-Eosin staining (HE staining); Bone Morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) protein level detection;
Type I and type II bone collagen (BC) detection; and serum biochemical factors detection. The experimental results showed that the formation of callus in the TG was better than in the CG; the BMP-2 protein expression level in the TG was higher than in the CG, and there were statistically significant
differences (SSDs); the type I and type II BC levels in the TG were higher than the CG, there were SSDs; the levels of serum calcium (SC), phosphorus ion (PI), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the TG were also higher than in the CG, and there were SSDs.
Screening of Translocation Ets-Leukemia-Acute-Myeloid-Leukemia-1 Fusion Gene and Expression Pattern of Multidrug Resistance Protein Protein in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Li Jiandi , Shou Xiaoqun
Published: November 2021

The study aimed to investigate the positive rate of TEL-AML 1 fusion gene in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) children and the clinical characteristics of ALL patients with TEL-AML 1 fusion gene positively expressed, as well as the expression level of MRP-1. 40 ALL children were selected,
with their medical records collected. The TEL-AML 1 fusion gene was screened by nested RTPCR. Bone marrow specimens were taken for G-banded karyotype analysis and flow cytometry immunophenotyping of the marrow chromosome. A semi-quantitative RT-PCR method was used to study the mRNA expression
level of MRP 1. The results showed that the positive rate of TEL-AML 1 fusion gene in ALL patients was 22.5% (9/40). The positive group exhibited lower gene expression level, the hepatosplenomegaly degree, the total number of peripheral white blood cells, the absolute count of naive cells,
and the Hb level at the first visit, indicating that the tumor burden of children in the positive group was lower. The complete remission rate of the positive group was higher (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression level of MRP 1 gene positive group was lower. In conclusion, patients with
positive TEL-AML 1 fusion gene were more sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs, and their treatment responses and prognosis were better.
Analysis of Pathogenic Bacteria of Mooren’s Ulcer and T Lymphocyte Activation
Authors: Zhao Yafang , Zhang Lizhi , Jin Tao , Xu Yincong , Shi Lin , Chen Jing
Published: November 2021

To analyze the distribution and types of pathogenic bacteria of Mooren’s ulcer and the activation mechanism of T lymphocytes to provide reference for the treatment of Mooren’s ulcer, 156 patients (162 eyes) who were in the hospital were rolled into the observation group.
During the same period, 134 healthy people were rolled into the control group. The distribution of infectious pathogens in the observation group was identified. Then, flow cytometry was adopted to separate and detect the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients, and RT-PCR was used to detect
levels of the transcription factor T-bet, GATA-3, and Stat5 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). It was found that fungal pathogens accounted for 43.59%; the bacterial infection rate was 40.38%. In the observation group, the CD4, CD8, and C25 were expressed more (P < 0.01),
and the CD45 and CD45R were expressed less than the control group (P < 0.05); the proportion of Th1 cells was obviously higher (P < 0.01); the expression of T-bet and GATA-3 was obviously higher (P < 0.05), the percentage of HLA-DR in CD4+ and HLA-DR, CD-25, and
CD69 in CD8+ positive cells was obviously higher (P < 0.05). In conclusion, fungal infection rate of Mooren’s ulcer is relatively high, peripheral blood T cells and their subgroups are abnormally activated, and T cell activation is related to the pathogenesis of Mooren’s
ulcer.
Inhibitory Effect of Gliquidone on Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal-Transition of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Under Diabetic Nephropathy Mouse Model
Authors: Liu Ting , Chen Jie , Ying Yiying , Shi Ling , Chen Zhengyue
Published: November 2021

This research aimed to study the inhibitory effect of Glurenorm (gliquidone) on epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells based on the diabetic nephropathy (DN) model. In this study, 30 specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice were selected to construct DN
model and randomly rolled into groups A, B, and C, with 10 mice in each group. Low-dose, mediumdose, and high-dose Glurenorm were administered intragastrically. The results showed that the serum urea nitrogen content (7.23±0.39 mmol/L, 6.18±0.46 mmol/L) of control and C group
was considerably inferior to A group (8.01±0.48 mmol/L), and the content of C group was greatly lower than controls (P < 0.05). The creatinine clearance rate (2.97±0.44 mL/min, 4.02±0.31 mL/min) of mice in control and C group was notably superior to A group (2.18±0.38
mL/min), and that of C group was obviously higher versus controls (P < 0.05). After 5 weeks of intragastric intervention by Glurenorm, the body mass of the mice in control and C group was evidently lower relative to A group, and that of C group was obviously higher versus controls
(P < 0.05). Mice in control and C group were remarkably lower in body mass at the 7th week after Glurenorm intervention versus A group, and C group was relatively lower versus controls (P < 0.05). In short, EMT played an important role in promoting the occurrence and progression
of renal fibrosis. Glurenorm can reduce the progression of renal fibrosis, inhibit EMT of renal tubular epithelial cells, and effectively protect kidney function.
Sensitization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitors Induced by Radiotherapy Combined with Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) Inhibitors
Authors: Cao Hui , Xu Wen , Shao Xianshu , Zhang Zhihong
Published: November 2021

To explore the effect of radiotherapy combined with programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors on the sensitization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, 76 patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were rolled into group A (lung adenocarcinoma, 55 cases) and
group B (lung squamous carcinoma, 21 cases). Another 63 healthy volunteers were set as controls (group C). Patients in group A were rolled into mutation group (15 cases) and wild group (22 cases) regarding the presence of EGFR mutations. The sPD-L1 protein in serum samples was determined via
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expressions of PD-L1, EGFR, and immune interferon (IFN-γ) in lung cancer cell lines (LCCL) mutant PC9 and HCC827, and wild-type A549 and H1299 were analyzed. After separation of T lymphocytes, four LCCLs and T lymphocytes were co-cultured
to detect the proliferation and apoptosis of T lymphocytes. The results showed that PD-L1 level in EGFR-sensitive mutant LCCLs PC9 and HCC827 after X-ray irradiation was obviously inferior to controls (P < 0.05). The proliferation of T cells in mutant LCCLs PC9 and HCC827 was substantially
superior to co-culture system (co-CS) (P < 0.05). After the PC9 co-CS was treated with X-rays, PD-L1 inhibitors, and X-rays combined with PD-L1 inhibitors, the secretion of IFN-γ was markedly increased versus controls (P < 0.05). In short, radiotherapy combined
with PD-L1 inhibitors can enhance the proliferation of T cells and inhibit their apoptosis, and greatly increase the secretion of IFN-γ by T cells.
Mechanism of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) in Choroidal Neovascularization in Macular Lutea of High Myopia
Authors: Xu Lishuai , Shi Qian , Liao Dan , Yang Zhen , Yang Xiaoli , Wang Minfeng
Published: November 2021

To explore the changes in the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the process of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in the macular area of cases with form deprivation myopia (FDM), in this study,
36 healthy mice were selected as research subjects for analysis. Specifically, they were randomly divided into test group (n = 18) and control group (n = 18). The right eye of the test group mice underwent form deprivation for 6 weeks to induce FDM, also known as FDM group. Five
mice were randomly selected from FDM group and control group at 6 time points (before photocoagulation, at 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, 28 d, and 35 d after photocoagulation), respectively, for fluorescein angiography and hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) staining to observe differences in the retina. It
was found that the retina of Control group mice was well-structured with clear stratification, while that of the test group mice was severely damaged with a disordered structure, manifested as edema and swelling and damaged Bruch membrane and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer. Furthermore,
macrophages and RPE cells were observed in the photocoagulation area, and there was a high-fluorescence area with a blurred margin in the fundus, indicating the formation of new blood vessels. The immunohistochemical experiment revealed that within three weeks after the surgery, HIF-1α
was highly expressed in the test group, and the expression level was obviously higher than the Control group. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results showed that the expression level of VEGF and HIF-α in the test group was obviously higher than the Control
group within three weeks after the surgery. The Western blot experiment was performed 1 week after the surgery, and it was noted that the expression level of VEGF and HIF-1α were higher in the test group versus the Control group. In summary, HIF-1α is instrumental
in ocular CNV, which is also associated with VEGF.
Novel Approach of Phyto-Mediated Thermo-Sensitive and Biocompatible Nano-Formulation to Improve Anti-Microbial Efficacy Against Pathogenic Bacterial for the Treatment of Wound Infections
Authors: Zhang Jing , Liu Jie , Yan Hui , Wang Xuyu , Dong Huiyan
Published: November 2021

Design and development of novel methods for the synthesis of metal nanopartilces (MNPs) was greatly attracted by research community due to various applications. We described a greener strategy for the synthesis of silver nanoformulation (Ag NF) using leaf extract of Ziziphus zizyphus
and then surface functionalized using P(NIPAM-co-MQ). The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy and Transmission electron microscopy. Further, the functionalized AgNPs were characterized XPS and x-ray diffraction studies. The design of bioactive and biocompatible
Ag nanoformulation preparations have been provide promising alternative source for bacterial-related therapies. The developed Ag NF have demonstrated predominant bactericidal action with highinhibition rate and long-term efficiency against clinically approved bacterial pathogens (S. aureus
and E. coli), which greatly contributed treatment of wound infections. The observations of the present study could provide new avenue for the antimicrobial treatment of wound therapy
Effect of Nerve Training Technology on Apoptosis of Cartilage and Osteoblasts and Expression of Aggrecan Protein in Osteoporotic Arthritis
Authors: Liu Wei , Huang Lili , Zhang Cuiying , Liu Zuozhong
Published: November 2021

Arthritis and osteoporosis are two common disorders in the world, especially for the elder, but the current treatments have limited efficacy. Herein, we aimed to determine whether the novel technique, neurological training can alleviate osteoporosis complicated with arthritis in rat
model. Thirty rats were assigned into normal group, model group, and treatment group (treated with forsythin and neurological training) (n = 10) followed by assessment of chondrocytes and osteoblasts using Mankin score, apoptosis by TUNEL and flow cytometry, and IL-1β, TNF-α,
and Aggrecan levels. Apoptotic chondrocytes of treatment group (27.43±1.34) was lower than model group (p < 0.05), whereas amount of osteoblast was increased upon forsythin and neurological training, with lower Mankin’s score (6.38±0.76). Besides, the content
of IL-1β and TNF-α of treatment group was significantly lower but Aggrecan mRNA and protein expression was significantly higher. In conclusion, neurological training could protect and alleviate osteoporosis complicated with arthritis.
Exosome miR-155-5p Derived from Lung Cancer Hcc827 Promotes Macrophage Activation and Lung Cancer Progression
Authors: Ma Yanxin , Wang Dongmei , Luo Songzhi , He Zhiwei , Sun Jiannan
Published: November 2021

This stud intends to assess whether exosome miR-155-5p derived from human non-small cell lung cancer cells (Hcc827) activates macrophages in lung cancer. Lung cancer Hcc827 cells were assigned into control group and expeirmental group (cultured with macrophages, THP-1 activated by exosome
miR-155-5P derived from Hcc827) followed by analysis of macrophage markers inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), recombinant human CD163 (CD163), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), and E-cadherin by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RFQ-PCR), IL-10,
IL-6 and IL-8 levels by chemiluminescence, cell invasion by Transwell assay and related protein expression by Western blot. miR-155-5p treatment significantly reduced INOS and TNF-β expressions and increased CD163, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6 and IL-10 expressions along with
enhanced cell invasion. In addition, MMP9 and MMP2 expressions in experimental group were significantly increased and E-cdherin was reduced. In conclusion, exosome miR-155-5p derived from lung cancer Hcc827 cells activates macrophages and enhanced lung cancer cell invasion.
Effect of Salvianolate on Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury and Its Mechanism
Authors: Fu Liang , Zhao Jinlong , Ni Yinkai , Lu Zhexin , Chen Zonghui , Li Feng
Published: November 2021

Background:
 The paper investigated the H9c2 cardiomyocyte model induced by hypoxia. Cell viability was monitored by real-time unlabeled cell function analyzer to determine the levels of LDH, MDA and SOD in cell supernatant.

Material and Methods:
 The cytoskeleton staining was labeled by phalloidin staining. WB was applied to detect the expression of myocardial cytoskeleton microtubuleassociated protein and the expression of HIF-1α protein in each group.
After adding AMPK inhibitor Compound C, Hoechst 33342 was employed to detect the apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes, and WB was applied to detect the expressions of myocardial cytoskeleton-associated protein and p-AMPK.

Results:

Salvianolate can effectively improve cell viability, reduce LDH and MDA levels, increase SOD content, improve skeletal structure damage, reduce nuclear concentration, reduce cell debris, and promote the expressions of microtubule-associated protein, α-tubulin and β-tubulin,
MAP4, and microfilament-associated protein MLCK, p-MLC-2 in myocardial cytoskeleton microtubules after ischemia and hypoxia. The addition of AMPK inhibitor can inhibit the expressions of p-AMPK, tubulin MAP4, microfilament protein MLCK and p-MLC-2 up-regulated by Salvianolate.

Conclusion:
 Salvianolate can promote the expressions of microtubule-associated protein α-tubulin, β-tubulin,MAP4, microfilament-associated protein MLCK and p-MLC-2 in myocardial cytoskeleton after ischemia and hypoxia,
indicating that Salvianolate can protect the myocardial cytoskeleton after ischemia and hypoxia, and may protect the structure and function of microtubules and microfilaments in the myocardial cytoskeleton through the AMPK/MAP4 and AMPK/MLCK pathways.
Sustaining the unsustainable? The political sustainability of pensions in Finland and the Netherlands
Authors: Sorsa Ville-Pekka , van der Zwan Natascha
Published: November 2021

What makes a pension scheme sustainable? Most answers to this question have revolved around expert assessments of pension schemes’ affordability or adequacy. This study shifts focus from the financial or social sustainability of pension scheme designs to their political sustainability. Political sustainability refers to policymakers’ ability and willingness to sustain pension schemes in the face of perceived challenges. We seek to fill a key research gap concerning the political sustainability of pensions by highlighting the processes of parametric adjustment through which pension schemes are sustained. We show how capital, labour and state actors have been able to actively sustain collective defined benefit (DB) pension schemes in two coordinated market economies, Finland and the Netherlands. The two countries have managed to sustain their DB pensions for relatively long periods of time despite facing the same sustainability challenges that have motivated paradigmatic shifts in other pension systems. We find that sustaining has been successful thanks to a governance culture in which policymakers have been willing to keep all pension scheme parameters open for negotiation and an institutional context that made policymakers able to turn parametric pension reforms into power resources for further reforms. Our findings also explain recent changes in the Netherlands, which moved the Dutch system towards collective defined contribution pensions.
Critical discussion of the current environmental risk assessment (ERA) of veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) in the European Union, considering changes in animal husbandry
Authors: Haupt Ruth , Heinemann Céline , Hayer Jason Jeremia , Schmid Simone Magdalene , Guse Miriam , Bleeser Ramona , Steinhoff-Wagner Julia
Published: November 2021

Background

Veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) administered to livestock might affect the environment. Therefore, an environmental risk assessment (ERA) is conducted during the approval process of VMPs. In the European Union (EU), the ERA, which was established approximately 10 years ago, consists of two phases. In the present review, we examined the first phase. In this phase, VMPs are subjected to a decision-making process comprising 19 questions and several tables with default values published in the “Guideline on environmental impact assessment for veterinary medicinal products in support of the VICH guidelines GL6 and GL38 (European Medicines Agency 2016).”

Since a proportion of livestock husbandry systems is currently shifting toward ecological husbandry and free-range production systems, there is a lower risk of VMP consumption in general, but livestock excretions possibly containing VMPs might be directly released into the environment instead of being stored and applied as manure. In the present study, the first phase of the current ERA of VMPs in the EU was critically discussed with respect to the changes in animal husbandry. The large number of default values used in the ERA were checked for topicality. In a three-step approach, firstly trends and changes in animal husbandry in Europe that might be relevant for the ERA were collected, secondly, the interactions between Phase I and animal husbandry were evaluated and thirdly, the default values used in Phase I were verified in order to identify research gaps.

Results

Several default values used in the current ERA were identified as outdated. Together with the lack of valid data (e.g., on animal husbandry systems or VMP treatments), this may have an impact on the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) as the central decision threshold of the ERA.

Conclusions

The results of the present study indicate that an update of the ERA of VMPs in the EU is required to consider the changes in animal husbandry. Several aspects related to this issue are critically discussed.
Lens-induced hypopyon uveitis as the presenting manifestation of posterior lens nucleus dislocation following pars-plana vitrectomy: case report
Authors: Imen Ksiaa , Meriam Ben Hadj Tahar , Ilhem Sellem , Sonia Attia , Nesrine Abroug , Moncef Khairallah
Published: November 2021

A 57-year-old otherwise healthy male presented to our department seven days following uneventful pars-plana vitrectomy with gas tamponade for a superior bullous retinal detachment in the left eye. Ophthalmic examination revealed anterior segment inflammation with hypopyon and fibrinous exudate. Intra-ocular pressure was 28 mmHg. Posterior segment evaluation was difficult to assess due to the presence of anterior capsule opacification and gas bubble. A Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome was suspected, and the patient was treated with topical and oral corticosteroid medication in combination with anti-glaucomatous therapy. On follow-up, anterior segment inflammation and ocular hypertension improved. On day ten post-operatively, ocular ultrasonography demonstrated lens material inferiorly with attached retina. The final diagnosis of posterior lens nucleus dislocation with lens-induced uveitis was retained. The patient underwent an uneventful second vitrectomy with aspiration of the dislocated lens nucleus and sulcus three piece-lens implantation. On last follow-up, visual acuity was 20/50 with no relapsing of ocular inflammation and the retina remained reattached.
Breast cancer-associated opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome: a case report
Authors: Kostoglou Aikaterini , Vlastos Dimitrios , Bakalis Athanasios , Ghosh Debashis
Published: November 2021

Background

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes constitute rare neurological complications of malignant disease, manifesting in <1% of patients with cancer. Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) presents with chaotic ocular saccades (opsoclonus), spontaneous muscular jerking (myoclonus) that may be accompanied by ataxia, strabismus, aphasia, or mutism. Its paraneoplastic variant in the adult is most commonly associated with small-cell lung cancer, followed by breast cancer. Importantly, neurological symptoms usually precede the diagnosis of breast cancer and tend to recure after its treatment.

Case presentation

A 43-year-old premenopausal Caucasian woman with a medical history of hypertension was admitted following an episode of focal seizure. This progressed to generalised tonic-clonic seizures and she was subsequently loaded with phenytoin, valproate, and levetiracetam. Initial workup included whole body CT scan, viral and autoimmune serology. The CT scan revealed an enhancing right axillary lymph node, which in combination with Anti-Ri antibody positivity raised the spectre of paraneoplastic OMS. MRI of the head revealed subtle nonspecific white matter signal change within the centrum semiovale without any mass lesions, while MRI of the spine was unremarkable. An uncomplicated right mastectomy and axillary lymph node clearance was performed: histopathology revealed a 9-mm, grade 2, oestrogen receptor-positive, progesterone receptor-negative (ER8, PR0), Her2-negative invasive ductal carcinoma, and 4/6 positive lymph nodes (T1b N2 M0). Two months later, she was readmitted with vertigo, diplopia, facial weakness, and ataxia, setting the diagnosis anti-Ri syndrome recurrence. MDT recommended mammogram and ultrasound of the left breast, which were normal. Subsequently, four months after initial discharge, she suffered another neurological recurrence; due to concomitant abdominal pain, PET-CT was performed demonstrating a hypermetabolic right ovarian focus. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed as per gynaecology MDT and final histology showed normal tubes and ovaries. She has remained on remission since then, with a negative annual mammogram follow-up.

Conclusions

In conclusion, we report a case of OMS associated with breast cancer anti-Ri onconeural antibody. Its manifestations preceded the diagnosis of malignancy and it persisted after cancer treatment, underlining the importance for high clinical suspicion in cases of classical paraneoplastic neurological syndromes as well as the need for long-term clinical follow-up.