bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suffixing, prefixing, and the functional order of regularities in meaningful strings
Authors: Ramscar Michael
Published: January 2014

The world?s languages tend to exhibit a suffixing preference, adding
inflections to the ends of words, rather than the beginning of them. Previous
works has suggested that this apparently universal preference arises out of
the constraints imposed by general purpose learning mechanisms in the brain,
and specifically, the kinds of information structures that facilitate
discrimination learning (St Clair, Monaghan, & Ramscar, 2009). Here I show
that learning theory predicts that prefixes and suffixes will tend to promote
different kinds of learning: prefixes will facilitate the learning of the
probabilities that any following elements in a sequence will follow a label,
whereas suffixing will promote the abstraction of common dimensions from a
set of preceding elements. The results of the artificial language learning
experiment support this analysis: When words are learned with consistent
prefixes, participants learned the relationship between the prefixes and the
noun labels, and the relationship between the noun labels and the objects
associated with them, better than when words were learned with consistent
suffixes. When words were learned with consistent suffixes, participants
treated similarly suffixed nouns as being more similar than nouns learned
with consistent prefixes. It appears that while prefixes tend to make items
more predictable and to make veridical discriminations easier, suffixes
tended to make items cohere more, increasing the similarities between them.
Semantic relations and compound transparency: A regression study in CARIN theory
Authors: Pham Hien , Baayen Harald
Published: January 2014

According to the CARIN theory of Gagn? and Shoben (1997), conceptual
relations play an important role in compound interpretation. This study
develops three measures gauging the role of conceptual relations, and pits
these measures against measures based on latent semantic analysis (Landauer &
Dumais, 1997). The CARIN measures successfully predict response latencies in
a familiarity categorization task, in a semantic transparency task, and in
visual lexical decision. Of the measures based on latent semantic analysis,
only a measure orthogonal to the conceptual relations, which instead gauges
the extent to which the concepts for the compound?s head and the compound
itself are discriminated, also reached significance. Results further indicate
that in tasks requiring careful assessment of the meaning of the compound,
general knowledge of conceptual relations plays a central role, whereas in
the lexical decision task, attention shifts to co-activated meanings and the
specifics of the conceptual relations realized in the compound?s modifier
family.
Smolucka cave: Unpublished chipped stone artifacts from excavations in 1987
Authors: Saric Josip
Published: January 2014

Investigations carried out in Smolucka cave in the 1980s pointed to the presence of an important Middle Paleolithic station thus broadening our meagre knowledge about that period in the territory of Serbia. Owing to circumstances, material has not been completely published so we are presenting, in this work, a rather small group of chipped stone artifacts from the Eneolithic and Middle Paleolithic period in order to complete evidence about finds from the Smolucka cave.
Risk factors for severe dental anxiety among medical students
Authors: Jankovic Slobodan , Aleksic Dragana , Bahtijari Zulfer , Jelic Anica , Klacar Jelena , Kovacevic Aleksandra , Mijailovic Natasa , Milovanovic Olivera , Petrovic Aleksandra , Radovanovic Ana , Sovrlic Miroslav , Ruzic-Zecevic Dejana
Published: January 2014

Background/Aim. Severe dental anxiety (SDA) is the most severe form of dental
anxiety, thus the aim of this study was to determine the factors associated
with SDA in students of health-related disciplines. Methods. In this
case-control study the cases were students with severe dental anxiety. The
study was conducted at the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of
Kragujevac, Serbia. The participants were undergraduate students attending
lectures during spring semester 2010/2011 (n = 1,812). A random sample of 800
students was assessed for the association between various risk factors and
the severe dental anxiety. The main outcome measures were the data on
demographics, dental anxiety, habits concerning oral hygiene, nutrition,
general anxiety and (co)morbidity which were collected from the study
participants by semi-structured questionnaire. Results. Less frequent visits
to the dentist (OR adjusted = 7.02 [2.65; 18.60]) and visiting the dentist
only when there is a dental problem (OR adjusted = 8.08 [1.28; 50.93]) were
associated with severe dental anxiety. The same was true for improper oral
hygiene (OR adjusted = 4.25 [1.16; 15.60]). Factors as changing toothbrush
more frequently (OR adjusted = 0.33 [0.14; 0.76]) and having chronic disease
(OR adjusted = 0.01 [0.00; 0.09]) were inversely associated with severe
dental anxiety. The level of education of students was not associated with
severe dental anxiety. Conclusion. Inappropriate oral hygiene, less frequent
changes of a toothbrush and less frequent visits to the dentist are important
risk factors for severe dental anxiety.
Clinical aspects of reconstruction of the lower third of the leg with fasciocutaneous flap based on peroneal artery perforators
Authors: Terzic Zoran , Djordjevic Boban
Published: January 2014

Background/Aim. Fasciocutaneous flaps are tissue flaps that include the skin,
subcutaneous tissue and underlying fascia, and are based on the
septocutaneous system of blood vessels. They have a number of characteristics
that give them an advantage in many cases, especially in treatment of lower
extremity defects. The aim of this study was to clinically analyse the
outcomes of patients surgically treated with a. peroneae perforator-based
reverse flaps of the lower leg. Methods. This prospective study was conducted
on a group of 22 patients with tissue defects in the lower third of the lower
leg and foot. All the 22 patients underwent standard diagnostic procedures
and the preoperative preparation for spinal anesthesia. During the surgery,
the location of the recipient site with a future flap and an accompanying
vascular stem was marked. Having prepared the recipient site in accordance
with the surgical principles, the lobe was prepared, rotated and positioned
in the defect region. Results. The proportion of male to female patients in
our study group was 19 (86%) to 3 (14%), respectively. The maximal defect
frequency (14 or 63%) was found in the age group of 30-50 years, i.e.
working-age people. Trauma in 16 (72%) of patients was the most common reason
for surgical treatment. The most common defects our patients had were found
in the distal third of the leg (5, 22%), medial malleolus (4, 18%), the
dorsum of the foot (3, 13%) and the foot (4, 18%). The number of lobes (18,
81%) applied in the course of our clinical study was statistically more
significant (p < 0.05) than the number of lobes applied along with the skin
autografts (4, 19%). During the final follow-up of the applied lobes, 6
(27.2%) of early and 2 (9%) of late complications were observed, making a
total of 36.2% of complications occurring in the applied lobes, of which only
1 was lost. Conclusion. Clinical application of a.suralis superficialis
mediani-based reverse flap is justified by a high percentage (95.5%) of
preserved lobes. Functional recovery of Achilles tendon injuries treated with
the fasciocutaneous flap appeared to be effective. The results obtained
during the clinical investigation can be very helpful in using this flap more
optimally and more often in a wide range of different reconstructive surgical
procedures in the field of plastic surgery.
Evaluating the bioactive effects of flavonoid hesperidin: A new literature data survey
Authors: Kuntic Vesna , Brboric Jasmina , Holclajtner-Antunovic Ivanka , Uskokovic-Markovic Snezana
Published: January 2014

nema
Endovascular repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Sarac Momir , Marjanovic Ivan , Tomic Aleksandar , Sarac Sanja , Bezmarevic Mihailo
Published: January 2014

Introduction. Rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially
lethal state. Only half of patients with ruptured AAA reach the hospital
alive. The alternative for open reconstruction of this condition is
endovascular repair (EVAR). We presented a successful endovascular reapir of
ruptured AAA in a patient with a number of comorbidities. Case report. A
60-year-old man was admitted to our institution due to diffuse abdominal
pain with flatulence and belching. Initial abdominal ultrasonography showed
an AAA that was confirmed on multislice computed tomography scan angiography
which revealed a large retroperitoneal haematoma. Because of patient?s
comorbidites (previous surgery of laryngeal carcinoma and one-third
laryngeal stenosis, arterial hypertension and cardiomyopathy with left
ventricle ejection fraction of 30%, stenosis of the right internal carotid
artery of 80%) it was decided that endovascular repair of ruptured AAA in
local anaesthesia and analgosedation would be treatment of choice.
Endovascular grafting was achieved with aorto-bi-iliac bifurcated excluder
endoprosthesis with complete exclusion of the aneurysmal sac, without
further enlargment of haemathoma and no contrast leakage. The postoperative
course of the patient was eventless, without complications. On recall
examination 3 months after, the state of the patient was well. Conclusion.
The alternative for open reconstruction of ruptured AAA in haemodynamically
stable patients with suitable anatomy and comorbidities could be emergency
EVAR in local anesthesia. This technique could provide greater chances for
survival with lower intraoperative and postoperative morbidity and
mortality, as shown in the presented patient.
Antioxidant and Antigenotoxic Activities of the Brazilian Pine Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze
Authors: Souza Márcia , Branco Cátia , Sene Juliane , DallAgnol Rafaela , Agostini Fabiana , Moura Sidnei , Salvador Mirian
Published: January 2014

Polyphenols are natural products with recognized potential in drug discovery and development. We aimed to evaluate the polyphenolic profile of Araucaria angustifolia bracts, and their ability to scavenge reactive species. The antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects of A. angustifolia polyphenols in MRC5 human lung fibroblast cells were also explored. The total polyphenol extract of A. angustifolia was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and the chemical composition was confirmed by HPLC. Reactive oxygen species’ scavenging ability was investigated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and superoxide dismutase- and catalase-like activities. The protective effect of the extract in MRC5 cells was carried out by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method and the determination of oxidative lipids, protein, and DNA (alkaline and enzymatic comet assay) damage. Total phenolic content of the A. angustifolia extract was 1586 ± 14.53 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g of bracts. Catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, and apigenin were the major polyphenols. The extract was able to scavenge DPPH radicals and exhibited potent superoxide dismutase and catalase-like activities. Moreover, A. angustifolia extract significantly protected MRC5 cells against H2O2-induced mortality and oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA. Therefore, A. angustifolia has potential as a source of bioactive chemical compounds.
Combined MicroRNA-340 and ROCK1 mRNA Profiling Predicts Tumor Progression and Prognosis in Pediatric Osteosarcoma
Authors: Cai Haiqing , Lin Lijun , Cai Haikang , Tang Mingjie , Wang Zhigang
Published: January 2014

To investigate the association of combined microRNA-340 (miR-340) and ROCK1 mRNA profiling with clinicopathologic features and prognosis in pediatric patients with osteosarcoma. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to detect expression levels of miR-340 and ROCK1 mRNA in cancerous and noncancerous bone tissues from 92 children treated for primary osteosarcomas. Compared with noncancerous bone tissues, the expression levels of miR-340 and ROCK1 mRNA were, respectively, downregulated and upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues (both p < 0.001), which was consistent with the results of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry analysis. The downregulation of miR-340 was negatively correlated with the upregulation of ROCK1 mRNA in osteosarcoma tissues (r = −0.78, p = 0.001). In addition, the combined miR-340 downregulation and ROCK1 upregulation (miR-340-low/ROCK1-high) occurred more frequently in osteosarcoma tissues with positive metastasis (p < 0.001) and poor response to pre-operative chemotherapy (p = 0.002). Moreover, miR-340-low/ROCK1-high expression was significantly associated with both shortest overall survival (p < 0.001) and progression-free survival (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis further confirmed that miR-340-low/ROCK1-high expression was an independent prognostic factor of unfavorable survival in pediatric osteosarcoma (for overall survival: p = 0.006, for progression-free survival: p = 0.008). Our data offer convincing evidence, for the first time, that the combined miR-340 downregulation and ROCK1 upregulation may be linked to tumor progression and adverse prognosis in pediatric osteosarcoma.
Prestressed CFRP Strips with Gradient Anchorage for Structural Concrete Retrofitting: Experiments and Numerical Modeling
Authors: Michels Julien , Martinelli Enzo , Czaderski Christoph , Motavalli Masoud
Published: January 2014

This paper presents a study on the load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with externally bonded (EB) carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips prestressed up to 0.6% in strain. At the strip ends, the innovative gradient anchorage is used instead of conventional mechanical fasteners. This method, based on the epoxy resin’s ability to rapidly cure under high temperatures, foresees a sector-wise heating followed by a gradual decrease of the initial prestress force towards the strip ends. The experimental investigation shows a promising structural behavior, resulting in high strip tensile strains, eventually almost reaching tensile failure of the composite strip. Additionally, ductility when considering deflection at steel yielding and at ultimate load is satisfying, too. From a practical point of view, it is demonstrated that premature strip grinding in the anchorage zone is not beneficial. In addition, a non-commercial 1D finite element code has been enlarged to an EB reinforcement with prestressed composite strips. A bilinear bond stress-slip relation obtained in earlier investigations is introduced as an additional failure criterion to the code. The numerical code is able to almost perfectly predict the overall structural behavior. Furthermore, the calculations are used for comparison purposes between an initially unstressed and a prestressed externally bonded composite reinforcement. The increase in cracking and yielding load, as well as differences in structural stiffness are apparent.
High Spatial Resolution WorldView-2 Imagery for Mapping NDVI and Its Relationship to Temporal Urban Landscape Evapotranspiration Factors
Authors: Nouri Hamideh , Beecham Simon , Anderson Sharolyn , Nagler Pamela
Published: January 2014

Evapotranspiration estimation has benefitted from recent advances in remote sensing and GIS techniques particularly in agricultural applications rather than urban environments. This paper explores the relationship between urban vegetation evapotranspiration (ET) and vegetation indices derived from newly-developed high spatial resolution WorldView-2 imagery. The study site was Veale Gardens in Adelaide, Australia. Image processing was applied on five images captured from February 2012 to February 2013 using ERDAS Imagine. From 64 possible two band combinations of WorldView-2, the most reliable one (with the maximum median differences) was selected. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values were derived for each category of landscape cover, namely trees, shrubs, turf grasses, impervious pavements, and water bodies. Urban landscape evapotranspiration rates for Veale Gardens were estimated through field monitoring using observational-based landscape coefficients. The relationships between remotely sensed NDVIs for the entire Veale Gardens and for individual NDVIs of different vegetation covers were compared with field measured urban landscape evapotranspiration rates. The water stress conditions experienced in January 2013 decreased the correlation between ET and NDVI with the highest relationship of ET-Landscape NDVI (Landscape Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) for shrubs (r2 = 0.66) and trees (r2 = 0.63). However, when the January data was excluded, there was a significant correlation between ET and NDVI. The highest correlation for ET-Landscape NDVI was found for the entire Veale Gardens regardless of vegetation type (r2 = 0.95, p > 0.05) and the lowest one was for turf (r2 = 0.88, p > 0.05). In support of the feasibility of ET estimation by WV2 over a longer period, an algorithm recently developed that estimates evapotranspiration rates based on the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from MODIS was employed. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between ETMODIS and ETWV2 (r2 = 0.9857, p > 0.05). This indicates that the relationship between NDVI using high resolution WorldView-2 imagery and ground-based validation approaches could provide an effective predictive tool for determining ET rates from unstressed mixed urban landscape plantings.
Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks: Advances and Future Trends in Physical, MAC and Routing Layers
Authors: Climent Salvador , Sanchez Antonio , Capella Juan , Meratnia Nirvana , Serrano Juan
Published: January 2014

This survey aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current researchon underwater wireless sensor networks, focusing on the lower layers of the communicationstack, and envisions future trends and challenges. It analyzes the current state-of-the-art onthe physical, medium access control and routing layers. It summarizes their security threadsand surveys the currently proposed studies. Current envisioned niches for further advances inunderwater networks research range from efficient, low-power algorithms and
An Ionic-Polymer-Metallic Composite Actuator for Reconfigurable Antennas in Mobile Devices
Authors: Lin Yi-Chen , Yu Chung-Yi , Li Chung-Min , Liu Chin-Heng , Chen Jiun-Peng , Chu Tah-Hsiung , Su Guo-Dung
Published: January 2014

In this paper, a new application of an electro-active-polymer for a radio frequency (RF) switch is presented. We used an ionic polymer metallic composite (IPMC) switch to change the operating frequency of an inverted-F antenna. This switch is light in weight, small in volume, and low in cost. In addition, the IPMC is suitable for mobile devices because of its driving voltage of 3 volts and thickness of 200 μm. The IPMC acts as a normally-on switch to control the operating frequency of a reconfigurable antenna in mobile phones. We experimentally demonstrated by network analysis that the IPMC switch could shift its operating frequency from 1.1 to 2.1 GHz, with return losses of than −10 dB at both frequencies. To minimize electrolysis and maximize the operation time in air, propylene carbonate electrolyte with lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) was applied inside the IPMC. The results showed that when the IPMC was actuated over three months at 3.5 V, the tip displacement fell by less than 10%. Therefore, an IPMC actuator is a promising choice for application to a reconfigurable antenna.
An updated checklist of aquatic plants of Myanmar and Thailand
Authors: Ito Yu , Barfod Anders
Published: January 2014

The flora of Tropical Asia is among the richest in the world, yet the actual diversity is estimated to be much higher than previously reported. Myanmar and Thailand are adjacent countries that together occupy more than the half the area of continental Tropical Asia. This geographic area is diverse ecologically, ranging from cool-temperate to tropical climates, and includes from coast, rainforests and high mountain elevations. An updated checklist of aquatic plants, which includes 78 species in 44 genera from 24 families, are presented based on floristic works. This number includes seven species, that have never been listed in the previous floras and checklists. The species (excluding non-indigenous taxa) were categorized by five geographic groups with the exception of to reflect the rich diversity of the countries' floras.
A Rare Case of Chronic Ectopic Pregnancy Presenting as Large Hematosalpinx
Authors: Nacharaju Madhavi , Vellanki Venkata Sujatha , Gillellamudi Sarath Babu , Kotha Vamsi Krishna , Alluri Abhinaya
Published: January 2014

Ectopic pregnancy is defined as implantation and subsequent development of an embryo outside the uterine lining. It has wide range of presentation from acute hemoperitoneum to chronic ectopic pregnancy. This is an unusual case of chronic ectopic pregnancy with large hematosalpinx without classical symptoms. A 22-year-old South Indian woman reported to the outpatient clinic with irregular spotting for a duration of 2 months which was not associated with pain. There was no preceding amenorrhea and previous menstrual cycles were regular. Clinically, the patient was hemodynamically stable but severely anemic. The abdomen was soft on palpation, cervical movements were not tender, and human chorionic gonadotropin was absent in the urine. Ultrasound revealed a complex adnexal mass. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large hematosalpinx. Laparoscopic left salpingectomy was conducted and histopathology confirmed ectopic pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy presents diagnostic dilemmas in the absence of classical symptoms. MRI and laparoscopy are important tools in such a diagnostic dilemma.
Innate Immunity Interactome Dynamics
Authors: Elzawahry Asmaa , Patil Ashwini , Kumagai Yutaro , Suzuki Yutaka , Nakai Kenta
Published: January 2014

Innate immune response involves protein–protein interactions, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)–protein interactions and signaling cascades. So far, thousands of protein–protein interactions have been curated as a static interaction map. However, protein–protein interactions involved in innate immune response are dynamic. We recorded the dynamics in the interactome during innate immune response by combining gene expression data of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated dendritic cells with protein–protein interactions data. We identified the differences in interactome during innate immune response by constructing differential networks and identifying protein modules, which were up-/down-regulated at each stage during the innate immune response. For each protein complex, we identified enriched biological processes and pathways. In addition, we identified core interactions that are conserved throughout the innate immune response and their enriched gene ontology terms and pathways. We defined two novel measures to assess the differences between network maps at different time points. We found that the protein interaction network at 1 hour after LPS stimulation has the highest interactions protein ratio, which indicates a role for proteins with large number of interactions in innate immune response. A pairwise differential matrix allows for the global visualization of the differences between different networks. We investigated the toll-like receptor subnetwork and found that S100A8 is down-regulated in dendritic cells after LPS stimulation. Identified protein complexes have a crucial role not only in innate immunity, but also in circadian rhythms, pathways involved in cancer, and p53 pathways. The study confirmed previous work that reported a strong correlation between cancer and immunity.
Mesoscale modeling of smoke transport over the Southeast Asian Maritime Continent: coupling of smoke direct radiative effect below and above the low-level clouds
Authors: Ge C. , Wang J. , Reid J. S.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. The online-coupled Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) is used to simulate the direct and semi-direct radiative impacts of smoke particles over the Southeast Asian Maritime Continent (MC, 10° S–10° N, 90–150° E) during October 2006 when a significant El Niño event caused the highest biomass burning activity since 1997. With the use of an OC (organic carbon) / BC (black carbon) ratio of 10 in the smoke emission inventory, the baseline simulation shows that the clouds can reverse the negative smoke forcing in cloud-free conditions to a positive value. The net absorption of the atmosphere is largely enhanced when smoke resides above a cloud. This led to a warming effect at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) with a domain and monthly average forcing value of ~ 20 W m−2 over the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. Smoke-induced monthly average daytime heating (0.3 K) is largely confined above the low-level clouds, and results in a local convergence over the smoke source region. This heating-induced convergence transports more smoke particles above the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), hence rendering a positive effect. This positive effect contrasts with a decrease in the cloud fraction resulting from the combined effects of smoke heating within the cloud layer and the more stable boundary layer; the latter can be considered as a negative effect in which a decrease of the cloud fraction weakens the heating by smoke particles above the clouds. During the nighttime, the elevated smoke layer lying above the clouds in the daytime is decoupled from the boundary layer, and the enhanced downdraft and shallower boundary layer lead to the accumulation of smoke particles near the surface. Because of monthly smoke radiative extinction, the amount of solar input at the surface is reduced by as much as 60 W m−2, which leads to a decrease in sensible heat, latent heat, 2 m air temperature, and PBLH by a maximum of 20 W m−2, 20 W m−2, 1 K, and 120 m, respectively. During daytime, the cloud changes over continents mostly occur over the islands of Sumatra and Borneo where the low-level cloud fraction decreases more than 10%. However, the change of local wind, including sea breeze, induced by the smoke direct radiative effect leads to more convergence over the Karimata Strait and the south coastal area of Kalimantan during both daytime and nighttime; consequently, the cloud fraction there is increased up to 20%. The sensitivities with different OC / BC ratios show the importance of the smoke single-scattering albedo for the smoke semi-direct effects. Lastly, a conceptual model is used to summarize the responses of clouds, smoke, temperature, and water vapor fields to the coupling of smoke direct effect below and above clouds over the Southeast Asian Maritime Continent.
Climatology of atmospheric PM10 concentration in the Po Valley
Authors: Bigi A. , Ghermandi G.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. The limits to atmospheric pollutant concentration set by the European Commission provide a challenging target for the municipalities in the Po Valley, because of the characteristic climatic conditions and high population density of this region. In order to assess climatology and trends in the concentration of atmospheric particles in the Po Valley, a dataset of PM10 data from 41 sites across the Po Valley have been analysed, including both traffic and background sites (either urban, suburban or rural). Of these 41 sites, 18 with 10 yr or longer record have been analysed for long term trend in de-seasonalized monthly means, in annual quantiles and in monthly frequency distribution. A widespread significant decreasing trend has been observed at most sites, up to few percent per year, by Generalised Least Square and Theil-Sen method. All 41 sites have been tested for significant weekly periodicity by Kruskal–Wallis test for mean anomalies and by Wilcoxon test for weekend effect magnitude. A significant weekly periodicity has been observed for most PM10 series, particularly in summer and ascribed mainly to anthropic particulate emissions. A cluster analysis has been applied in order to highlight stations sharing similar pollution conditions over the reference period. Five clusters have been found, two gathering the metropolitan areas of Torino and Milano and their respective nearby sites and the other three clusters gathering north-east, north-west and central Po Valley sites respectively. Finally the observed trends in atmospheric PM10 have been compared to trends in provincial emissions of particulates and PM precursors, and analysed along with data on vehicular fleet age, composition and fuel sales. Significant basin-wide drop in emissions occurred for gaseous pollutants, contrarily to emissions of PM10 and PM2.5, whose drop resulted low and restricted to few provinces. It is not clear whether the decrease for only gaseous emissions is sufficient to explain the observed drop in atmospheric PM10, or if the low drop in particulate emissions is indeed due to the uncertainty in the emission inventory data for this species.
Mapping hazards from glacier lake outburst floods based on modelling of process cascades at Lake 513, Carhuaz, Peru
Authors: Schneider D. , Huggel C. , Cochachin A. , Guillén S. , García J.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Recent warming has had enormous impacts on glaciers and high-mountain environments. Hazards have changed or new ones have emerged, including those from glacier lakes that form as glaciers retreat. The Andes of Peru have repeatedly been severely impacted by glacier lake outburst floods in the past. An important recent event occurred in the Cordillera Blanca in 2010 when an ice avalanche impacted a glacier lake and triggered an outburst flood that affected the downstream communities and city of Carhuaz. In this study we evaluate how such complex cascades of mass movement processes can be simulated coupling different physically-based numerical models. We furthermore develop an approach that allows us to elaborate corresponding hazard maps according to existing guidelines for debris flows and based on modelling results and field work.
Annual flood sensitivities to El Niño–Southern Oscillation at the global scale
Authors: Ward P. J. , Eisner S. , Flörke M. , Dettinger M. D. , Kummu M.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Floods are amongst the most dangerous natural hazards in terms of economic damage. Whilst a growing number of studies have examined how river floods are influenced by climate change, the role of natural modes of interannual climate variability remains poorly understood. We present the first global assessment of the influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on annual river floods, defined here as the peak daily discharge in a given year. The analysis was carried out by simulating daily gridded discharges using the WaterGAP model (Water – a Global Assessment and Prognosis), and examining statistical relationships between these discharges and ENSO indices. We found that, over the period 1958–2000, ENSO exerted a significant influence on annual floods in river basins covering over a third of the world's land surface, and that its influence on annual floods has been much greater than its influence on average flows. We show that there are more areas in which annual floods intensify with La Niña and decline with El Niño than vice versa. However, we also found that in many regions the strength of the relationships between ENSO and annual floods have been non-stationary, with either strengthening or weakening trends during the study period. We discuss the implications of these findings for science and management. Given the strong relationships between ENSO and annual floods, we suggest that more research is needed to assess relationships between ENSO and flood impacts (e.g. loss of lives or economic damage). Moreover, we suggest that in those regions where useful relationships exist, this information could be combined with ongoing advances in ENSO prediction research, in order to provide year-to-year probabilistic flood risk forecasts.
Short-lived tectonic switch mechanism for long-term pulses of volcanic activity after mega-thrust earthquakes
Authors: Lupi M. , Miller S. A.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Eruptive rates in volcanic arcs increase significantly after subduction mega-thrust earthquakes. Over short to intermediate time periods the link between mega-thrust earthquakes and arc response can be attributed to dynamic triggering processes or static stress changes, but a fundamental mechanism that controls long-term pulses of volcanic activity after mega-thrust earthquakes has not been proposed yet. Using geomechanical, geological, and geophysical arguments, we propose that increased eruption rates over longer timescales are due to the relaxation of the compressional regime that accompanies mega-thrust subduction zone earthquakes. More specifically, the reduction of the horizontal stress σh promotes the occurrence of short-lived strike-slip kinematics rather than reverse faulting in the volcanic arc. The relaxation of the pre-earthquake compressional regime facilitates magma mobilisation by providing a short-circuit pathway to shallow depths by significantly increasing the hydraulic properties of the system. The timescale for the onset of strike-slip faulting depends on the degree of shear stress accumulated in the arc during inter-seismic periods, which in turn is connected to the degree of strain-partitioning at convergent margins. We performed Coulomb stress transfer analysis to determine the order of magnitude of the stress perturbations in present-day volcanic arcs in response to five recent mega-thrust earthquakes; the 2005 M8.6, 2007 M8.5, and 2007 M7.9 Sumatra earthquakes; the 2010 M8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake; and the 2011 M9.0 Tohoku, Japan earthquake. We find that all but one the shallow earthquakes that occurred in the arcs of Sumatra, Chile and Japan show a marked lateral component. We suggests that the long-term response of volcanic arcs to subduction zone mega-thrust earthquakes will be manifested as predominantly strike-slip seismic events, and that these future earthquakes may be followed closely by indications of rising magma to shallower depths, e.g. surface inflation and seismic swarms.
Hyponatraemia—Evaluation of Prevalence in Patients Hospitalized in the Pulmonary Department and Prognostic Significance in Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Zarzecka Maja , Kubicki Piotr , Kozielski Jerzy
Published: January 2014

Wstęp: Z doświadczeń klinicznych wynika, że danym o obniżonym stężeniu sodu we krwi przypisuje się niewielką rolę. Celem niniejszej pracy jest ocena częstości występowania hiponatremii u pacjentów pulmonologicznych oraz jej wpływu na rokowanie u chorych na raka płuca. Materiał i metody: Badanie miało charakter retrospektywny i dotyczyło chorych diagnozowanych i/lub leczonych w Klinice Chorób Płuc. Badana grupa liczyła 449 chorych. Wyodrębniono dwie grupy pacjentów: chorych z rozpoznanym rakiem płuca (n-290) oraz pacjentów z hiponatremią wolnych od tego rozpoznania (n-159). Obliczono częstość występowania hiponatremii poszczególnych stopni w obu grupach pacjentów, w tym w przypadkach raka z podziałem na typy i podtypy histologiczne. W opracowaniu uwzględniono występowanie chorób współistniejących oraz stosowaną terapię. Wyniki: Hiponatremię stwierdzono u 46.9% chorych na raka płuca, w tym hiponatremię łagodną (Na 135–130 mmol/l), umiarkowaną (Na 129–125 mmol/l ) i ciężką (Na < 125 mmol/l) odpowiednio u 66.9%, 25%, 8.1% pacjentów. W grupie 159 chorych bez raka hiponatremię łagodną stwierdzono u 81.8%, umiarkowaną u 13.2%, a ciężką u 5% chorych (głównie wśród pacjentów z rozpoznaniem chorób śródmiąższowych i obturacyjnych). Hiponatremię rozpoznano u 52.6% chorych z rakiem drobnokomórkowym, u 45.2% chorych z rakiem niedrobnokomórkowym. Nie stwierdzono statystycznie istotnych różnic w częstości występowania hiponatremii w poszczególnych podtypach raka niedrobnokomórkowego. W grupie chorych z rakiem stwierdzono znamiennie statystycznie większą częstość zgonów wewnątrzszpitalnych u pacjentów z hiponatremią tj. 28.7% vs. 7.8% (p < 0.001). Wnioski: Hiponatremia jest zaburzeniem stwierdzanym w różnych chorobach płuc, najczęściej bo u około 50% chorych z rozpoznanym rakiem płuca. Wystąpienie hiponatremii istotnie wpływa na gorsze rokowanie w tej grupie chorych.
Ziarniniakowatość z Zapaleniem Naczyń—Obraz Kliniczny i Przegląd Aktualnych Opcji Terapeutycznych
Authors: Lembicz Marta , Batura-Gabryel Halina , Nowicka Agata
Published: January 2014

Ziarniniakowatość z zapaleniem naczyń (GPA) jest rzadką chorobą o nieznanej etiologii, cechującą się martwiczym zapaleniem małych i średnich naczyń oraz tworzeniem ziarniniaków. Choroba typowo zajmuje górne i dolne drogi oddechowe oraz nerki, może jednak występować w wielu innych lokalizacjach narządowych, dając często zaskakujący obraz kliniczny. U większości pacjentów stwierdza się autoprzeciwciała przeciwko cytoplazmie neutrofilów (ANCA), którym przypisuje się rolę patogenetyczną. Choroba dotyczy najczęściej osób w średnim i starszym wieku, z przewagą rasy białej. Przed erą leczenia immunosupresyjnego GPA była chorobą o wysokiej wczesnej śmiertelności. Obecnie dysponujemy leczeniem, które pozwala na uzyskanie remisji u większości chorych. Decyzję co do sposobu leczenia podejmuje się w zależności od postaci klinicznej choroby (miejscowa, uogólniona, oporna). Standardem w leczeniu indukującym remisję w postaciach uogólnionych choroby jest cyklofosfamid w połączeniu ze steroidoterapią. Taka terapia, jakkolwiek skuteczna, obarczona jest wieloma działaniami niepożądanymi. Ponadto, część chorych wykazuje oporność na standardowe leczenie, a połowa z nich doświadcza nawrotów choroby. Dlatego poszukuje się alternatywnych metod leczenia indukującego remisję oraz skutecznego leczenia podtrzymującego po jej uzyskaniu. Obecnie duże nadzieje budzą wprowadzone od kilku lat do terapii GPA leki biologiczne. Wśród nich dotychczas najlepiej przebadanym preparatem jest rytuksymab, który znalazł miejsce w zaleceniach EULAR, jako lek alternatywny dla chorych z postacią oporną GPA. W artykule omówiono obraz kliniczny GPA, zasady jej rozpoznawania oraz aktualnie zalecane postępowanie.
The Significance of Information in the Ordinary Conduct of Life
Authors: Newhard Robert
Published: January 2014

The information benefit provided to the general public by the developing telecommunications systems will be highly dependent upon the provider's perception of the current and potential role of information in the ordinary interests of life. Assessing this role cannot easily be done by standard questionnaire or survey methods because information does not have a conscious function in people's lives. Some paradigms from the past and present may, therefore, be of use in articulating the everyday importance of information.
News and Announcements
Authors: Aveny Brian
Published: January 2014

News and Announcements
Guest Editorial: Who Rules the Rules?
Authors: Dwyer James R.
Published: January 2014

Guest Editorial: Who Rules the Rules?
Checklist for Cassette Recorders Connected to CRTs
Authors: Woods Lawrence A.
Published: January 2014

Checklist for Cassette Recorders Connected to CRTs
Automatic Extraction of Figures from Scientific Publications in High-Energy Physics
Authors: Praczyk Piotr Adam , Nogueras-Iso Javier
Published: January 2014

Plots and figures play an important role in the process of understanding a scientificpublication, providing overviews of large amounts of data or ideas that are difficult to in-tuitively present using only the text. State of art in digital libraries, serving as gatewaysto knowledge encoded in scholarly writings, does not take full advantage of the graphicalcontent of documents. Enabling machines to automatically unlock the meaning of scien-tific illustrations would allow immense improvements in the way scientists work and theknowledge is being processed.    In this paper we present a novel solution for the initial problem of processing graphicalcontent, obtaining figures from scholarly publications stored in PDF format. Our methodrelies on vector properties of documents and as such, does not introduce additional errors,characteristic for methods based on raster image processing. Emphasis has been placed oncorrectly processing documents in High Energy Physics. The described approach makesdistinction between different classes of objects appearing in PDF documents and usesspatial clustering techniques to group objects into larger logical entities. A number ofheuristics allow the rejection of incorrect figure candidates and the extraction of differenttypes of metadata.
That Was Then, This Is Now: Replacing the Mobile-Optimized Site with Responsive Design
Authors: Bridges Laurie M. , Rempel Hannah Gashco
Published: January 2014

As mobile technologies continue to evolve, libraries seek sustainable ways to keep up with these changes and to best serve our users.  Previous library mobile usability research has examined tasks users predict they might be likely to perform, but little is known about what users actually do on a mobile-optimized library site.  This research used a combination of survey methodology and web analytics to examine what tasks users actually carry out on a library mobile site.  The results indicate that users perform an array of passive and active tasks and do not want content choices to be limited on mobile devices.  Responsive design is described as a long-term solution for addressing both designers and users’ needs.
The Recon Pilot Project: A Progress Report
Authors: Avram Henriette D.
Published: January 2014

A synthesis of the progress report submitted by the Library of Congress to the Council on Library Resources under an Officers Grant to initiate the RECON Pilot Project that gives an overview of the project and the progress made from August-November 1969 in the following areas: training, selection of material to be converted, investigation of input devices, and format recognition.
On-Line Serials System at Laval University Library
Authors: De Varennes Rosario
Published: January 2014

Description of a system, operational since June 1968, that provides control of all serials holdings in nine campus libraries, permits updating of the complete file every two or three days, and produces various outputs for library users and library staff from data in variable fields on disks (listings, statistics, etc.). The program, presently operating on an IBM 360/50 and utilizing an IBM 2314 disk-storage facility and three IBM 226 CRT terminals, is written in IBM System/360 Operating System Assembler Language and in PL/I; it could encompass a file of no more than 10 million records of variable length limited to 127/255 characters and subdivided in 25 or fewer fields.
An Algorithm for Variable-Length Proper-Name Compression
Authors: Dolby James L.
Published: January 2014

Viable on-line search systems require reasonable capabilities to automatically detect (and hopefully correct) variations between request format and stored format. An important requirement is the solution of the problem of matching proper names, not only because both input specifications and storage specifications are subject to error, but also because various transliteration schemes exist and can provide variant proper name forms in the same data base. This paper reviews several proper name matching schemes and provides an updated version of these schemes which tests out nicely on the proper name equivalence classes of a suburban telephone book. An appendix lists the corpus of names used for algorithm test.
A MARC Based SDI Service
Authors: Bierman Kenneth John , Blue Betty Jean
Published: January 2014

An operating SDI service utilizes the weekly MARC II tapes distributed by the Library of Congress. The history, creation, operation, uses, advantages, disadvantages, cost and future plans for the SDI service are discussed, and flow charts (system and detail) and sample output given.
Le « tout inclus » : contrôle du risque et de la durabilité
Authors: Giobbi Laura
Published: January 2014

Dans l’actuelle société postmoderne, les nombreuses options de consommation, la possibilité pour les individus de construire leurs propres biographies en suivant l’impulsion individualiste sans les contraintes de la société traditionnelle, ont inévitablement une incidence sur la pratique du tourisme. Le tourisme contemporain, dit post-tourisme, est aujourd’hui segmenté, flexible et offert sur mesure en fonction des souhaits individuels. Ainsi, la pratique du tourisme « tout inclus » est une variation postmoderne du tourisme de masse, dont les origines dans les années 1920 étaient liées à la sécurité des transports et de l’hôtellerie dans la pratique du tourisme. Cet article illustre comment, dans la période actuelle, le tout inclus prend une signification différente qui répond au climat d’incertitude qui entoure l’individu postmoderne au niveau individuel et collectif. Pleinement conscient de son statut ludique, en payant le voyagiste, le touriste du tout inclus obtient un séjour contrôlé et planifié qui lui permet de vivre une expérience sans risque mais qui rend difficile, en retour, une véritable connaissance mutuelle entre les peuples.

En soulevant les questions liées aux problèmes et paradoxes du tout inclus, cet article questionne la durabilité du concept.
Development and Validation of the Actionable Bladder Symptom Screening Tool for Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Burks Jack , Chancellor Michael , Bates David , Denys Pierre , MacDiarmid Scott , Nitti Victor , Globe Denise , Signori Manuel , Hudgens Stacie , Odderson Ib , Panicker Jalesh , Ross Amy Perrin
Published: January 2014

Bladder symptoms such as urinary urgency, frequency, and incontinence are common in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). These symptoms, which often result from neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO), can have a major impact on patients' day-to-day lives. However, in many cases they are over-looked in the clinical management of MS. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a reliable, sensitive, and specific screening tool for patients with bladder problems related to MS. We performed a literature review and then conducted a content validation study followed by a multisite observational study of a new screening tool, the Actionable Bladder Symptom Screening Tool (ABSST). All ABSST domains as well as the total score met the threshold for good internal consistency (Cronbach α ≥ 0.70), with a Cronbach α value of 0.95 for the total score and values ranging from 0.85 to 0.90 for the three domains. The validity of the ABSST was demonstrated by high correlation of the domains and total score with the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire Short Form (OAB-q SF) Symptom Severity and Total Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) scores (Spearman correlation coefficient ≥ 0.782). The predictive validity of the ABSST total score to identify patients who might receive a recommendation to see a urologist was strong. This new instrument, which was developed with input from clinicians as well as MS patients, meets the current content validity and psychometric testing thresholds established by the US Food and Drug Administration, with high sensitivity and specificity.