bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An empirical investigation of the demand for bananas in Germany
Authors: Burrell Alison Burrell , Henningsen Arne
Published: August 2024

We use econometric methods to investigate consumer demand for bananas and for other fruit in Germany. Monthly household survey data for the period 1986-1998 are analysed. Demand for bananas is significantly responsive to own price, suggesting that policy-induced price increases generate the usual dead-weight losses. Demand is also responsive to income changes, indicating that there is scope for further market expansion as incomes grow. There is evidence that other categories of fruit are both gross and net substitutes for bananas.
Organic Farming in Austria
Authors: Freyer Bernhard , Eder Michael , Schneeberger Walter , Darnhofer Ika , Kirner Leopold , Lindenthal Thomas , Zollitsch Werner
Published: August 2024

Until now, organic farming in Austria saw its largest growth in the period between 1994 and 1998. The following factors all contributed to Austria achieving the highest percentage of organic farms in Europe: the early addition of guidelines for organic crop production and animal husbandry to the Austrian Codex Alimentarius, the government support for organic farms during and after conversion through compensatory payments, favourable market conditions through the entrance of supermarket chains, the establishment of a marketing company, an active policy by the organic associations and the development of advisory services. However, this dynamic development has not persisted in the late nineties. Whether the crises in conventional production will provide organic farming with a stimulus through the ongoing strong demand for organic products cannot yet be ascertained. Although economic analyses for selected farms and regions have demonstrated the competitiveness of this farming method, under the current environment various barriers and a general reluctance remain, hampering a strong increase in the number of organic farms. In the framework of a high export rate, redoubled efforts are necessary if Austria is to remain among the countries with the highest rates of organic farms. Various initiatives aim to stimulate both the rate of conversion, particularly in cash crop areas, and the demand for organic products.
Economic Situation and Development Perspectives of Farms in Poland - An Analysis Based on Survey Data from Selected Polish Voivodships and a Comparison with German Farms
Authors: Petrick Martin , Spychalski Grzegorz , Switlyk Michal , Tyran Ewa
Published: August 2024

The aim of this paper is to present an analysis of farm-level data collected in a survey of 464 Polish farms in 2000. Performance indicators of farms in three Polish voivodships are compared with farm accountancy data from two German Länder. The results show that Polish farms are much less profitable than their German counterparts. The gap in income levels is much higher between persons employed in the agricultural sector than between average working persons in the two countries. Living standards of the Polish farm population in the north-west exceed those in the south-east of the country. The analysis suggests that the lower profitability of farms has two major reasons. First, farms in the German regions receive much higher levels of subsidies. Second, there are pronounced structural deficiencies due to a quite unfavourable workforce-land ratio on Polish farms. These farms are less productive and less specialised than the German farms analysed. There is a generally conservative attitude among Polish farmers that prefers the continuation of farming over leaving the sector. Nevertheless, income from agriculture is to a substantial extent complemented by off-farm employment in the southern regions. Our overall conclusion is that Polish farms currently are in the midst of a regional, economic, and social differentiation process fuelled by severe imbalances in terms of income levels between rural and urban population groups. This process is however seriously slowed down or even halted by a number of effective institutional barriers, particularly with regard to rural labour markets. These barriers should be properly addressed by a formulation of future policies in order to avoid further social frictions in the course of the Polish EU accession.
Die regionale Agrarumweltpolitik in Deutschland unter dem Einfluss der Förderangebote der Europäischen Union
Authors: Osterburg Bernhard , Stratmann Ursula
Published: August 2024

Regional Agri-Environmental Policy in Germany under the Influence of the Financial Promotion Offered by the European Union The article addresses the role the European Union plays in the agri-environmental policy and considers the co-financing of agri-environmental programmes in Germany. First, the development of measures taken under this policy is described from the 1980ies until the present Agenda 2000, taking especially into account the effects of financial promotion by the EU. In addition, a view on nature conservation and water protection reveals the sometimes conflicting interactions between agri-environmental measures and other areas and instruments of environmental policy. In a second part, three sections describe identified problems resulting from the influence of the EU: the effects on the choice and design of agri-environmental policy instruments in the Federal States of Germany, the uncertainties and contradictions resulting in the area of property rights, and the controversially rated income effects. The results are brought together and discussed with reference to the current debate on the disentanglement of agri-environmental policy. Finally, conclusions are drawn for the practical design of agri-environmental policy.
Die Zukunft der Direktzahlungen an die Landwirtschaft
Authors: Köhne Manfred
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
The Influence of Per-hectare Premiums on Prices for Rented Agricultural Area and on Agricultural Land Prices
Authors: Fuchs Clemens
Published: August 2024

Within the framework of decreasing support for agricultural incomes by market measures, the per-hectare premiums (ha-premiums) clearly have the task and the effect to stabilise farm incomes. Before direct aids were introduced, there had been periods with decreasing prices for agricultural land and for rented agricultural area in real terms, according to the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) data base (specialised crop farms in 53 regions for 11 years) and EUROSTAT data (B, DK, D-W, F, NL in the period 1975 to 1999).Regression analysis is used to show the relationship between ha-premiums, land rental prices and other relevant economic variables, such as land prices, rental share, livestock density, the price index of agricultural products and farm income. The analysis shows increasing price effects due to the introduction of ha-premiums on prices for agricultural land and on rental prices. Landlords received a share of about 6 % to 18 % of the ha-premiums (depending on the data source). An in-sample simulation, 1999-continuation scenario, and scenarios of further CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) reforms are used for the assessment of the ex-post and ex-ante developments. The ongoing reforms of the CAP (Agenda 2000, Mid-term Review) and EU enlargement certainly have implications for the land markets.
Basic Considerations of a Decoupling of Direct Payments within the EU
Authors: Breustedt Gunnar
Published: August 2024

This paper analyses theoretically the consequences of decoupling and argues for a wider discussion among agricultural economists and the public. Quantitative work on forecasting the consequences seems to be problematic in general. We ask, if the allocation of land will change that dramatically, in particular, we wonder whether set-aside will increase that much as some research and statements argue if direct payments are abolished or decoupled from land use. Taking into account economies of scale that can be realised because of faster change in the farming structure, adapted behaviour of farmers due to dramatic changes in the subsidisation scheme, technological progress, and price changes of factors and products in farmers’ benefit we conclude that most quantitative forecasts probably overestimate the changes in land allocation. Social objectives that may be incorporated with agricultural land use are analysed as well as the efficiency of direct payments to achieve these objectives. Distributional effects of income are taken into consideration, too. We recommend that politicians should decide as soon as possible to abolish or adirect payments stepwise over some years. Farmers should be aware of an end for the direct payments and should keep high flexibility to adapt to the future as easy as possible. Therefore, they should avoid investments with a high portion of sunk costs and they should analyse their capital use, especially on marginal land. Further on, they should try to reduce costs by increasing the size of farms and acres.
Aufbau und Anwendung des FAL-Modellverbunds für die Politikberatung
Authors: Bertelsmeier Marcus , Kleinhanss Werner , Offermann Frank
Published: August 2024

Structure and Application of the FAL’s Economic Modelling Group for Policy AssessmentThe FAL model group combines several market, regional and farm models for comprehensive policy impact assessments. Since 1996, policy impact analyses have been provided at the request of the German Agricultural Ministry with respect to the design of direct payments, the Agenda 2000, the Mid-term Review, the Enlargement of the EU as well as several other policy measures. This article gives an overview of the models available as part of the model group, specifically describes the design of the representative farm group model, and provides results with respect to the impacts of the Mid-term Review. The paper ends with a discussion of the experiences gained in model based policy consulting and the implications for future developments.
Coupling of Agricultural Economic and Hydrological Models
Authors: Gömann Horst , Kreins Peter , Kunkel Ralf , Wendland Frank
Published: August 2024

The objective of the paper is to show the potential of interdisciplinary model networks consisting of agricultural economic and natural science models performing integrated impact assessments of agri-environmental policies. The potentials are exemplified using a coupling of the agricultural sector model RAUMIS with the hydrological models GROWA98 and WEKU in the scope of diffuse agricultural nitrogen immission into waterbodies. A brief classification of applied indicators is given. A key element for policy impact analyses are the relationships between the environmental indicator categories Driving Force, State and Response. The major relationships within this environmental scope as well as the modeling are explained. The presented model network represents a first area wide, regionally differentiated, consistent link-up between the Driving Force indicator “nitrogen balance surplus”, the State indicator “nitrogen(nitrate)concentration” and the response indicators. The results show that due to the local characteristics quite different shares of the agricultural nitrogen surplus finally enters the ground and surface waters. Hence, assessing the trade-offs of agri-environmental water protection measures requires an inclusion of natural local characteristics. The integrated consideration of the complex relationships and a comprehensive implementation of local characteristics allows to develop more efficient water pollution control measures.
Wechsel in der Schriftleitung der AGRARWIRTSCHAFT
Authors: Von Witzke Harald
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Bewertung nicht-marktfähiger Leistungen der Landwirtschaft - eine Herausforderung für die Forschung
Authors: Holm-Müller Karin
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Die Doha-Entwicklungsrunde:
Gut oder schlecht für Entwicklungsländer?
Authors: Mönnich Christina
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Marktintegration ohne Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik: Auswirkungen einer Einbeziehung von Agrarprodukten in die Zollunion mit der EU auf den türkischen Agrarsektor
Authors: Grethe Harald
Published: August 2024

Turkey entered a customs union (CU) with the EU in January 1996. Agricultural trade is not covered by this CU but it is subject to extensive preferential trade rules. In this article, the effects of an inclusion of agricultural products in the CU as well as alternative policy options on the Turkish agricultural sector are analysed. To this aim, a comparative-static, partial equilibrium model of the Turkish agricultural sector is developed. The complete liberalization of the agricultural sector is found to lead to significant comparative static welfare gains of about Euro 670 million as compared to the the status quo. It appears that for most products, with few but significant exceptions, the inclusion of agriculture in the CU with the EU is very similar to the complete liberalization of agricultural trade.
Perspektiven der ländlichen Entwicklungspolitik in der EU - Implikationen für die agrarökonomische Forschung
Authors: Wehrheim Peter
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Aspekte der Agrarpolitik 2005
Authors: Grethe Harald , Häger Astrid , Kirschke Dieter
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Markenführung in der Fleischwirtschaft – zum Markentransferpotenzial der Marke Wiesenhof –
Authors: Lüth Maren , Spiller Achim
Published: August 2024

The meat sector is the largest branch in the German food economy. It is characterized by a dominance of cost leadership. Against the background of an increasingly ruinous predatory pricing policy, we analyze the potential of brands introduced into new markets by brand extension. Therefore, consumption-psychological (strength of the parent brand, perceived quality of the parent brand, perceived transfer-fit) as well as economic (conjoint analysis) approaches are applied. The results reveal a group of 25 % of consumers who show a price inelastic buying behaviour and who can be seen as a suitable target group for manufacturer’s brands. The example of the poultry brand Wiesenhof shows that brand extensions are an appropriate tool to introduce brands into the financially weak red meat sector.
CAP-reform and the provision of non-commodity outputs in Brandenburg
Authors: Happe Kathrin , Damgaard Martin , Osuch Amanda , Sattler Claudia , Zander Peter , Uthes Sandra , Schuler Johannes , Piorr Annette
Published: August 2024

This paper presents an attempt to model the response of selected farms to decoupled direct payments and the associated impact on the provision of a defined set of non-commodity outputs (NCO’s) using a combined modelling approach consisting of the AgriPoliS and MODAM models. AgriPoliS focuses on the socio-economic dimension of multifunctionality at the individual farm and regional levels and explicitly models heterogeneous farms (in size, location and efficiency) within a competitive and dynamic environment. The linear-programming model MODAM allows a detailed representation of production processes and their impact on the environmental dimension of multifunctionality at the farm level. We simulate the impact of a uniform area payment and a fully decoupled single farm payment. Our case study region is the district Ostprignitz-Ruppin in Brandenburg. Results show that the decoupling schemes create a trade-off between the NCO’s and that adjustment reactions differ between farms depending on their legal form, size, and production.
Do the Scandinavian consumers pay a ‘fair’ price for premium German white wines?
Authors: Bentzen Jan , Smith Valdemar
Published: August 2024

The aim of this paper is to analyse the retail prices of premium German white wines sold in the Scandinavian countries. German white wines account for approximately 5-6 per cent of the total sale of wines – both red and white wines - in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. However, the market shares of German wines in Scandinavia have been declining for a number of years. Diminishing market shares may reflect changes in consumer taste or simply ‘wrong’ prices, the latter related to both the level of wine prices (German wines being relatively expensive) and the structure of wine prices. In general, country-specific price differences for identical wines may be caused by differences in taxes, different import prices, transportation costs as well as other costs - and also different competitive conditions at the retail level in the respective countries. Still, differences in wine prices across countries do not always reflect the above mentioned factors. The aim of this paper is to analyse further the relationship between the prices of German white wines in the Scandinavian countries and the prices in the country of production (Germany) by direct comparison (price level) and by using a hedonic price function approach (price structure). Using a sample of 150 German white wines being supplied on at least one of the national markets in Scandinavia the analyses suggest that the prices on German premium white wines on the Scandinavian markets are fair – both in terms of absolute average prices and in terms of relative prices.
Bestimmungsfaktoren für das Erwerbsverhalten von Landwirten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Unternehmereigenschaften
Authors: Harsche Johannes
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a Probit model explaining the expansion of part-time farming in the German State of Hesse. Particular emphasis is placed on the personality traits of the agricultural entrepreneur and the labour market. The regression is based on a cross-section data from 74 Hessian farms. The results suggest statistical significance of the personality traits on employment decisions. Other significant variables include the number of adult household members and the intensity of agricultural land use.
An integrated model platform for the economic assessment of agricultural policies in the European Union
Authors: Pérez Domínguez Ignacio , Gay Stephan Hubertus , M’Barek Robert
Published: August 2024

A number of economic models have been applied to analyse the Common Agricultural Policy. The partial equilibrium models CAPRI, ESIM, AGLINK, AGMEMOD and CAPSIM and the general equilibrium models GLOBE and GTAP are currently integrated in a modelling platform for Agro-Economic Policy Analysis in the premises of the Joint Research Centre in Seville in close collaboration with Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development. Each of the models included has a specific focus, enlarging the capacity for complex policy analysis within this platform. This can be done by comparing the results of different models or by linking them, where several methodological options are available. This paper gives some insights on current applications in the field of model integration for agricultural policy analysis.
Art or science? The challenges of publishing peer reviewed papers based on linked models
Authors: Burrell Alison
Published: August 2024

The methodology used in a linked model system is generally too voluminous and of insufficient interest to form the basis of a peer-reviewed journal article. To be readily acceptable to an economics journal, the simulation results should provide economic insight and contribute to the economics literature.
Der Weinmarkt in der Welt
Authors: Hoffmann Dieter
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Bei welchen Problemstrukturen sind Data-Envelopment-Analysen sinnvoll? Eine kritische Würdigung
Authors: Mußhoff Oliver , Hirschauer Norbert , Herink Michael
Published: August 2024

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is widely used to compare the empirical performance of decision making units such as firms or public bodies. With a view to the recent boom of applications to a very wide range of different problems, this paper shows for which data and problem structures DEA represents an appropriate analytical tool for generating knowledge. The paper stresses the point that an efficiency analysis such as DEA which does not use prices to weigh different inputs and outputs is, first of all, adequate if several input and/or output prices are unknown or if they cannot be "trusted" to reveal the relative scarcity of resources and goods. In all other circumstances, stand-alone DEA generates less knowledge than standard approaches which resort to classical economic performance criteria that measure the resources used (inputs) and the goods and services produced (outputs) in monetary units. If prices are known, DEA is only useful if it is used as an additional tool to decompose economic performance weaknesses into a technical component (mismanagement of technological processes) and allocative components (maladjustments to prices on the factor and product markets).
Wirtschaftszahlen
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Aspekte der Agrarpolitik 2010
Authors: Zier Patrick , Petrick Martin , Glauben Thomas
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
The Impact of Climate Change on the Economics of Dairy Farming – a Review and Evaluation
Authors: Martinsohn Maria , Hansen Heiko
Published: August 2024

The impact of climate change has become a major concern within the agricultural profession. While many studies on Climate Change Impact Assessment (CCIA) deal with crop farming, little has been done with regard to livestock farming. This paper aims to shed light on the present state of research in the field of dairy farming, one of the major sectors in agriculture, in a three-fold manner. First, potential climate change impacts in dairy farming are discussed qualitatively. Second, challenges and methodological approaches in economic CCIA are presented, with a closer look at the issue of climate data and farm-level adaptation. Third, an overview and assessment of available studies on economic CCIA in dairy farming along a set of evaluation criteria is provided. The paper concludes with further research opportunities in this field.
The Pattern of Austrian Dairy Farm Household Strategies
Authors: Krammer Monika , Larcher Manuela , Vogel Stefan , Lautsch Erwin
Published: August 2024

Developments in the agriculture sector, such as the European Union (EU) Common Agricultural Policy reforms and the increasing volatility of the markets due to liberalisation processes, pose far-reaching challenges to farm household development, and especially the most affected sectors, such as dairy farming. It is assumed that individual farmers develop strategic approaches to their future farming activities (farm household strategies) in order to react to these developments. This involves reconsidering existing approaches and developing new strategies, both on and off the farm. In order to evaluate these developments, it is necessary to first evaluate the current pattern of farm household strategies. This paper identifies and examines the farm household strategies of Austrian dairy farmers in order to better understand farm household development. Secondary data analyses on the basis of a survey of Austrian dairy farms conducted by the Federal Institute of Agricultural Economics Vienna provided the required information for the em-pirical identification of various types of farm household strategy. The analyses revealed a pattern of six types of farm household strategy within Austrian dairy farms: (1) genuine specialisation, (2) concentration, (3) horizontal diversification, (4) lateral diversification, (5) stable reproduction, and (6) disengagement. The study underlines the significance of socio-economic as well as demographic and farm characteristics which were used to identify and describe types of farm household strategy.
Der Markt für Zucker
Authors: Nolte Stephan , Grethe Harald
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Contract Management of Dairies after Phasing out of the Milk Quota
Authors: Schlecht Stephanie , Steffen Nina , Spiller Achim
Published: August 2024

As a result of the expiry of the EU milk quota on April 1st 2015, raw milk procurement in the German dairy industry faces major changes. Delivery contracts between dairy farmers and milk processors are the basic coordination mechanism of business relationships and need thus to be adapted to the altered market situation. We analyze empirically the farmers’ preferences for different stipulations (pricing systems, volume control and the duration of the contract) and test if their attitudes towards contracting in general have an influence on contract choice. Results illustrate that farmer-suppliers’ preference for cooperatives, trust in prices and a focus on entrepreneurial goals increases the likelihood to choose the classical cooperative contract. Based on the results, we discuss implications for contract management in dairies.
Price Promotions and Psychological Pricing in German Grocery Retailing
Authors: Hoffmann Angela , Hackelbusch Kerstin
Published: August 2024

Price promotions play a prominent role in German grocery retailing. Their purpose is to increase store traffic and strengthen customer loyalty. It is hypothesized that other marketing tools, like psychological pricing can add to the positive impact of price promotions on sales. Thus, we investigate the joint impact of price promotions and different pricing points on sales. Our empirical analysis shows that just-below prices tend neither to raise sales of regularly priced products nor of price promoted products. The only exception is significant price reductions combined with 99 ending prices (especially of private labels). While our results show no alternatives to regular 9 ending prices, price promotions should rather end in a 99 or be round. Moreover, repdigits (eye-catching price figures) can significantly increase sales of price promoted manufacturers’ labels when other cues of price promotions exist. However, German retailers, particularly discount stores, do rarely make use of such combined marketing tools. The results indicate that consumers pay less attention to the size of price reductions than to other cues of price promotions or displays, whereby psychological pricing can intensify the impact of other marketing tools on sales.
Segmentation of Customers of Horticultural Non-food Products in Southern Germany
Authors: Gabriel Andreas , Menrad Klaus
Published: August 2024

The paper aims to identify clusters of buyers of horticultural products (non-food sector) in Germany based on behavioral factors as well as to determine the relevance of the different discriminatory variables. Data were obtained from 320 face-to-face interviews conducted in Southern Germany. Cluster and discriminant analysis were used to analyze the data. Eight clusters of buyers of horticultural products are identified which show significant differences concerning their socio-demographic characteristics, purchase behavior and buying motives. Gender and the affirmation of the respondent to purchasing or non-purchasing bed, balcony or potted indoor plants are the most important discriminatory variables. The differing behavior and interests of the eight consumer clusters allows fine-tuning of marketing activities of horticultural products within the analyzed distribution channels. Traditional retail shops should aim to attract younger consumers in future. The paper extends previous consumer research by identifying consumer cluster for horticultural products based on behavioral factors.
Heterogeneous Farm Output and Technical Efficiency Estimates
Authors: Mamardashvili Phatima , Bokusheva Raushan , Schmid Dierk
Published: August 2024

Farmers in most OECD countries are engaged in different activities which go beyond agriculture. When assessing farm performance, it is appropriate to model these heterogeneous farm outputs separately. In this study, we use the distance function approach, which allows the consideration of technology with multiple outputs and multiple inputs. We compare estimates from single-output technology with estimates from multiple- output technology. Our empirical analysis is based on an unbalanced panel of dairy farms in the plain region of Switzerland for the period from 2003 to 2009. We choose the parametric estimation method and employ a translog specification of the production technology. The test of output separability favours a model that separately considers three different outputs: agricultural output; para-agricultural output; and direct payments. The separate modelling of direct payments has considerable influence on the estimated technology parameters as well as the technical efficiency scores. The consideration of direct payments as a separate output increases the elasticity of land by a factor greater than two and, accordingly, reduces the distance function elasticities of other inputs. The average technical efficiency estimates do not differ substantially when specifications differ. However, we reveal serious differences in the estimates of technical efficiency for individual farms. The estimated rank correlation coefficients show that the ranking of farms in terms of technical efficiency differs considerably when direct payments are modelled as a separate output.
Risk Attitude and Risk Perception of Dairy Farmers in Austria
Authors: Scharner Markus , Pöchtrager Siegfried , Larcher Manuela
Published: August 2024

Risk management measures to ensure successful strategic planning and long-term income stabilization are becoming increasingly important for agricultural enterprises. Dealing with risks and the willingness to pay for risk management measures are highly dependent on individual attitude towards and perception of risk. Against this background, the present paper examines the risk attitude and perception of Austrian farmers using dairy production as an example. The data consists of an online survey of 109 dairy producers. The results show that the producers' attitude – various psychological (self-assessment, business- related statements) and economic methods (Holt-and-Laury Lottery) were applied – is prevalent risk neutral. The measurement of subjective risk perception shows that Austrian dairy farmers are concerned with policy and market risks.
Flexible Load of Existing Biogas Plants: A Viable Option to Reduce Environmental Externalities and to Provide Demand-driven Electricity?
Authors: Schäfer David , Britz Wolfgang , Kuhn Till
Published: August 2024

The expansion of fluctuating renewable energies such as wind and solar increases the need for electricity produced on demand to stabilize the grid. Electricity from existing biogas plants in Germany allows flexible energy output and is increasingly marketed on demand requiring technical modifications such as increased gas storage and engine capacity. In this study we investigate an
Der Markt für Zucker
Authors: Haß Marlen
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Der Markt für Bioenergie
Authors: Langenberg Josef , Drittler Lara , Von Bierbrauer Theresa , Schaper Christian , Theuvsen Ludwig
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
How does the Risk Attitude affect the Bidding Behavior of Farmers? Results of an Experimental Auction
Authors: Holst Gesa Sophie , Musshoff Oliver , Vollmer Elisabeth
Published: August 2024

Auctioning off goods is a widespread practice in the agricultural sector. The revenue equivalence theorem predicts that independent of the type of auction, the revenues are identical under fulfillment of specific conditions. One of these conditions is that bidders must be risk neutral; this condition, however, often fails in reality. An experiment was carried out with farmers to investigate how the bid amount is influenced by the individual risk attitude. In the experiment, farmers were able to buy a good with a private value in four different auctions types. Results indicate that the revenues in auctions are affected by the risk attitude of the bidders. Moreover, the influence of the risk attitude depends on the auction type.
Programm der 58. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften des Landbaues e.V. 12.-14. September 2018 in Kiel
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Der Markt für Zucker
Authors: Haß Marlen
Published: August 2024

MARLEN HAß
Thünen-Institut für Marktanalyse
Bundesallee 63, 38116 Braunschweig
E-Mail: marlen.hass@thuenen.de
Przyszłość wspólnej polityki rolnej po 2013 roku – próba podsumowania dyskusji
Authors: Wilkin Jerzy
Published: August 2024

Wspólna polityka rolna po 2013 roku.
Wyniki produkcyjne i ekonomiczne gospodarstw ekologicznych na tle konwencjonalnych
Authors: Komorowska Dorota
Published: August 2024

Celem opracowania jest porównanie wyników produkcyjnych i ekonomicznych gospodarstw ekologicznych z takimi samymi wynikami gospodarstw konwencjonalnych. Zaprezentowane w opracowaniu wyniki gospodarstw ekologicznych wskazują na znacznie niższy poziom produkcji zbóż, ziemniaków, roślin oleistych oraz żywca wieprzowego i drobiowego, wyższy produkcji warzyw, owoców i roślin białkowych. Gospodarstwa ekologiczne ponoszą jednak znacznie niższe koszty produkcji niż konwencjonalne, co w końcowym efekcie kształtuje przybliżone wyniki ekonomiczne ich działalności. Dopłaty do działalności produkcyjnej podwyższają znacząco poziom dochodów gospodarstw ekologicznych.
Koszty transakcyjne ponoszone przez ARiMR na pozyskiwanie wsparcia unijnego dla polskiej wsi i rolnictwa w latach 2004-2010
Authors: Drygas Mirosław
Published: August 2024

W artykule podjęto próbę oszacowania wielkości kosztów transakcyjnych ponoszonych przez ARiMR na pozyskanie wsparcia unijnego dla polskiej wsi i rolnictwa oraz efektywności i kosztochłonności tego procesu w latach 2004–2010. Analiza wykazała, że ARiMR lokuje się w grupie instytucji tego typu uznawanych za efektywne.
Rola instytucji w procesie promowania i rozwoju przedsiębiorczości na terenach wiejskich
Authors: Nurzyńska Iwona
Published: August 2024

Artykuł analizuje znaczenie instytucji w rozwoju przedsiębiorczości i wsparcia przedsiębiorstw na terenach wiejskich oraz wskazuje najważniejsze uwarunkowania instytucjonalne sprzyjające i hamujące powstawanie oraz rozwój przedsiębiorstw na wsi. Autorka na podstawie własnych badań postuluje konieczność wdrożenia innowacyjnej kompleksowej sieci wsparcia przedsiębiorstw od momentu kreowania pomysłu na biznes i kształtowanie kluczowych kompetencji biznesowych, poprzez wsparcie finansowe, do mentoringu dla istniejących już firm wiejskich. Do wdrożenia takiego systemu zaproponowano wykorzystanie Krajowej Sieci Obszarów Wiejskich (KSOW).
Wieś w programach polskich partii politycznych w okresie 1989-2011
Authors: Szpyt Małgorzata
Published: August 2024

Artykuł prezentuje wieś w programach partii politycznych w wyborach parlamentarnych w Polsce począwszy od 1989 roku. Są w nim prezentowane programy wyborcze partii, które weszły do Sejmu. Analizie poddano wybory w latach: 1989, 1991, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2007 oraz w 2011 roku. W podsumowaniu starano się wskazać obszary akcentowane przez partie i działania przez nie proponowane. Konkluzją jest pytanie, czy partie polityczne reprezentują interesy polskiej wsi i odpowiadają na problemy mieszkańców obszarów wiejskich.
Bydło w Karpatach Polskich – zróżnicowanie przestrzenne i dynamika zmian
Authors: Czekaj Marta , Wojewodzic Tomasz
Published: August 2024

Opracowanie podejmuje zagadnienia koncentracji i wycofywania się gospodarstw rolnych w Karpatach polskich z chowu bydła. Głównym celem badań było dokonanie delimitacji badanego obszaru ze względu na zmiany w skali chowu bydła w latach 2004-2009. W toku badań dokonano na podstawie danych Agencji Restrukturyzacji i Modernizacji Rolnictwa oceny zmian w pogłowiu i liczbie stad w poszczególnych gminach. Wskazano również na perspektyw chowu bydła w Karpatach polskich w warunkach zmieniającej się WPR. Obserwacja dynamiki zmian w pozwoliła stwierdzić, że we wszystkich gminach badanego obszaru nastąpiło zmniejszenie liczby stad, w większości gmin miało miejsce również zmniejszanie się pogłowia bydła. Omawiane procesy najsilniej przebiegały na obszarach górskich i pogórskich województwa podkarpackiego. Występujący w latach 2004-2009 spadek pogłowia bydła w Karpatach polskich sięgający 15,6%, przy spadku w tym samym okresie liczby stad o 26,6% można interpretować jako przejaw procesu koncentracji ekonomiczno-organizacyjnej (głównie zwiększanie liczebności zwierząt w stadach). Procesy koncentracji produkcji nie nadążają za procesami wycofywania się rolników z chowu zwierząt, co stanowi duże zagrożenie dla utrzymania walorów krajobrazu obszarów górzystych.
Predicción de la precipitación pluvial para prevención aplicando modelos ARIMA, Optimización Bayesiana y Modelo XGBoost
Authors: Tapia Arévalo Andrés Fernando , Galvis Correa Andrés Alejandro
Published: August 2024

Este estudio se enfoca en proporcionar un modelo estadístico para las precipitaciones en la Estación Meteorológica de la Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi, cantón Tulcán, con el propósito de perfeccionar la capacidad de pronóstico y la resiliencia del sector agrícola regional. En consecuencia, este trabajo analiza las vulnerabilidades causadas por las variaciones meteorológicas en distintas regiones del Ecuador y resalta la importancia de la agricultura en este contexto. Para ello se propone un modelo estadístico que combina método ARIMA, optimización bayesiana y modelos XGBoost para predecir el comportamiento de la lluvia. Sobre la base de los resultados obtenidos en el estudio podemos prever el comportamiento adyacente de las precipitaciones en un margen temporal que colinda hasta el mes de diciembre del año 2024. Esto constituye un recurso imprescindible para la elección de decisiones más favorables y así beneficiar al área agrícola en la capacidad de adaptarse a eventos climáticos desfavorables.
Análisis de la resistencia a la tracción y elongación del no tejido de lana de oveja para elaborar sombreros de fieltro
Authors: CHAMORRO ORTEGA LUIS ADALBERTO , Esparza Encalada WILLAM RICARDO , JARAMILLO TITUAÑA BETTY ALEXANDRA
Published: August 2024

La investigación para obtener no tejido de lana de oveja (NWW) para la aplicación en sombreros de fieltro inicia desde el lavado de la lana de oveja (SW) se centrifuga y seca al ambiente, luego se abre y mezcla SW en la máquina abridora y mezcladora (O) para obtener una homogenización con promedio de 40mm, a continuación ingresa a la máquina carda (C) consiguiendo alinear las fibras en dirección de máquina (MD) y dirección contraria (CD) enrollado capa sobre capa sobre un cono con forma adecuada en grosor y tamaño. Posteriormente se coloca en una plancha vibradora (VP) al que ingresa vapor a 1200 C desde un caldero de vapor (SB) hacia la capa de SW, se amasa y frota con movimientos circulares de vaivén para compactar y enfieltrar formando el NWW colocando al ambiente y secar con diferentes formas y tamaños. Los datos encontrados se analizarón mediante el sofware Past 4 y tienen una confiabilidad del 95% (P>0,05), llegando a la conclusion que su elongación E en MD y CD tienen promedios de 59,56 y 58,27 % respectivamente, como tambien en resistencia a la tracción TS 335,846 MD y 392,218 CD newton, resaltando más la energia a la rotura EB con 20052,36 MD y 21951,38 CD joules cuando se aplica una fuerza.
Guardián Comunitario: Innovación en seguridad y respuesta rápida a emergencias
Authors: Parra Logroño Rommel Andrés , Guayanlema Fajardo Cristian Patricio , MONTOYA RAMIREZ NANCY MARITZA
Published: August 2024

El presente trabajo se enfoca en el desarrollo de una aplicación móvil tipo botón de pánico para satisfacer las necesidades de seguridad y respuesta rápida a emergencias en la comunidad de Ainche, provincia de Chimborazo. Para la investigación se utilizó una investigación de campo, para analizar la importancia de la aplicación y la satisfacción de los usuarios; también, se realizó una investigación bibliográfica sobre metodologías de desarrollo de software ágiles. Guardián Comunitario es una aplicación móvil desarrollada bajo la metodología SCRUM, que aporta a la seguridad y emergencias de la comunidad. Para evaluar su impacto se desarrolló una encuesta de satisfacción en donde el 60% de los encuestados considera que el aplicativo es sencillo de utilizar; el 80% percibe una mejora en la comunicación entre comuneros y servicios de emergencia; asimismo, el tiempo de respuesta a las emergencias se redujo de 20 a 10 minutos.
PRINSIP KOMUNIKASI YANG BAIK MENURUT DOKUMEN ETIKA DALAM KOMUNIKASI
Authors: Klau Adelina Bete , Loce Feronika Jenifer , Mayabubun Thadeo Devis , Pangalila Jufaldo
Published: August 2024

The article explored the meaning of effective communication according to the ethical principles outlined in the document "Ethics in Communication." It examined various ethical principles that underlie communication practices and attempts to answer the research question: How can one communicate effectively according to the principles outlined in the document "Ethics in Communication"? Through a comprehensive analysis of these principles, coupled with empirical evidence and a theoretical framework, this article aims to provide insight into strategies and approaches for achieving ethical and effective communication. By highlighting the relationship between ethics and communication excellence, this article contributes to the advancement of ethical communication practices in diverse contexts.
Factori de succes și riscuri asociate cu parteneriatele în afaceri
Authors: Condru Cristina
Published: August 2024

Business partnerships are a popular form of collaboration between two or more companies to achieve a common goal. These collaborations can be highly beneficial, but also fraught with risk. In general, success factors for business partnerships include effective communication, close collaboration, a well-defined strategy and a solid legal agreement. On the other hand, risks associated with business partnerships include compatibility issues, misunderstandings and conflicts, financial problems and disclosure of confidential information. This article analyses the most important benefits and risks associated with business partnerships and provides relevant examples of companies both in the Republic of Moldova and abroad that have succeeded or failed because of partnerships.
Particularitățile procesului de producție în serie
Authors: Garea-Ciobanu Vladalina , Bodorin Jaclin
Published: August 2024

Serial production is a manufacturing process that involves the production of large quantities of identical products in a sequential and continuous manner. This process is commonly used in industries such as automotive, electronics, and consumer goods. In serial production, each step of the manufacturing process is carefully planned and executed with a focus on efficiency, consistency, and quality control. The production line is designed to allow for a continuous flow of materials and products, with each station in the line performing a specific task. This article provides an overview of the concept of serial production, its advantages and disadvantages, and the differences between serial production and other types of manufacturing processes such as batch production and job production. It also discusses some of the challenges that manufacturers may face when implementing a serial production system and provides recommendations for overcoming these challenges. Overall, this article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the concept of serial production and its role in modern manufacturing.
Strategia oceanului albastru - cadrul celor 4 acțiuni în aplicare
Authors: Vîrlan Ecaterina
Published: August 2024

„L'océan bleu” est un outil opérationnel utilisé par les entreprises pour se différencier et évoluer sur un marché rentable, libre de toute concurrence. Le cadre en quatre actions est un outil pour mettre en application une stratégie océan bleu efficace. Le choix du nouveau type de marketing se base sur ce outil. „Le cadre en quatre actions” indique quatre actions clés à prendre en compte pour affiner les produits existants. Ces sont : élever, réduire, éliminer et créer. L’application de ces quatre actions au marketing du consulting permet d’éclairer d’une lumière nouvelle des vérités anciennes. Une entreprise aura intérêt à réduire les éléments où l’entreprise n’est pas très bonne. A contrario, il faut augmenter l’importance des éléments où l’on est fort, ou de trouver des éléments à augmenter. Dans ce cadre, c’est surtout les notions d’exclusion et d’atténuation qui sont importantes puisque ce sont elles qui vont réellement bousculer le modèle économique en place et créer un nouvel espace stratégique.
Municipalization of public security: the role of the Municipal Guard in the jurisprudence of the STF and STJ
Authors: Câmara Igor , Lima Helton Carlos Praia de , Gomes Fabio Alves , Silva Iolete Ribeiro da
Published: August 2024

This text aims to discuss the performance of the municipal guard considering the Jurisprudence of the Federal Supreme Court and Superior Court of Justice on the subject. To this end, learn about the decisions of the STJ and STF regarding municipal public security. Analyze decisions to reflect the understanding of the bodies. Propose possible suggestions for improving the activity of the municipal guard. The method used is dialectics, considering that, through this perspective combined with the qualitative approach, it is possible to promote responses that lead to critical reflection on the topic. The results indicate that both the STF and the STJ understand that it is not up to the municipal guard to carry out investigations and investigations (police powers), as they do not have these responsibilities. The text is expected to promote concerns and academic contributions on the topic so that other academic research in the field of public security, citizenship and human rights can be developed in the Amazonian context.
Ecobrick dan Desalinasi Air Laut Menggunakan Solar still di Pesisir Pulau Sanrobengi Kabupaten Takalar
Authors: Sulastri Sulastri , Samputri Salma , Hastuti Hastuti , Fakhrannisa Nurul , Maulid Pangeran Akhmad
Published: August 2024

Pulau Sanrobengi di Kabupaten Takalar, Indonesia, menghadapi tantangan besar berupa pencemaran lingkungan akibat sampah plastik dan krisis air bersih. Pengabdian ini mengeksplorasi dua solusi inovatif untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut: Ecobrick dan teknologi desalinasi air laut menggunakan Solar still. Ecobrick adalah metode pengelolaan sampah plastik dengan menggunakannya sebagai bahan bangunan, sehingga mengurangi volume sampah plastik yang mencemari lingkungan. Solar still adalah perangkat desalinasi sederhana yang memanfaatkan energi matahari untuk mengubah air laut menjadi air tawar, menyediakan sumber air bersih yang terjangkau dan berkelanjutan. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menerapkan kedua solusi inovatif tersebut terbukti pesisir Pantai Pulau Sanrobengi telah bersih dan juga masyarakat pulau sanrobengi dapat memperoleh air bersih untuk dikonsumsi. Metodologi pengabdian meliputi studi literatur, eksperimen lapangan, dan wawancara dengan penduduk lokal.