bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Excluding Myself From What I Need the Most”: Experiences of Loneliness in People With Inflammatory Arthritis: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Nordkamp Annika , Midtgaard Julie , de Thurah Annette , Glintborg Bente , Aadahl Mette , Cromhout Pernille Fevejle , Vestergaard Sofie Bech , Lau Lene , Yilmaz Connie , Esbensen Bente Appel
Published: January 2025

Objective

Despite advancements in pharmacological treatments, living with inflammatory arthritis (IA) (including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA)) can make it challenging to engage in social activities, which may increase the risk of loneliness. Although loneliness is predominantly prevalent in IA, its origin and impact on mental health status on daily life with IA remain unexplored. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the experiences of people with IA in relation to loneliness.

Methods

Semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with purposefully sampled participants who reported loneliness. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied to analyze data.

Results

The interviews included fourteen participants (RA (n = 5), PsA (n = 5), and AxSpA (n = 4)) with median age of 47 (range 25–76). We developed three themes: (1) “Loneliness amplifies the negative impact of IA,” illustrating the experience of loneliness as an integrated part of the participants' struggles; (2) “Excluding myself from what I need the most,” detailing participants' awareness of their need but inability to engage in social activities; and (3) “Longing for loneliness to be addressed,” expressing unfulfilled wishes for health professionals to address loneliness.

Conclusion

Participants in our study reported that loneliness had a profound impact on their overall well‐being and self‐management. Overall, there is a critical need to address loneliness as an essential issue for people with IA, highlighting the necessity for increased support and recognition. By addressing loneliness, health professionals can protect patients' mental health and help them navigate social connections, enhancing their self‐management and overall well‐being.
Performance of individual criteria of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) intraabdominal injury prediction rule
Authors: Arnold Cosby G. , Ishimine Paul , McCarten‐Gibbs Kevan A. , Yen Kenneth , Atigapramoj Nisa , Badawy Mohamed , Ugalde Irma T. , Chaudhari Pradip P. , Upperman Jeffrey S. , Kuppermann Nathan , Holmes James F.
Published: January 2025

Objective

The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) derived and externally validated a clinical prediction rule to identify children with blunt torso trauma at low risk for intraabdominal injuries undergoing acute intervention (IAIAI). Little is known about the risk for IAIAI when only one or two prediction rule variables are positive. We sought to determine the risk for IAIAI when either one or two PECARN intraabdominal injury rule variables are positive.

Methods

We performed a planned secondary analysis of a prospective, multicenter study that included 7542 children (<18 years old) with blunt torso trauma evaluated in six emergency departments from December 2016 to August 2021. Patients with only one or two PECARN rule variables positive were included. The outcome was IAIAI (IAI undergoing therapeutic laparotomy, angiographic embolization, blood transfusion, or two or more nights of intravenous fluids).

Results

Among the 7542 children enrolled, 2986 (39.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 38.5%–40.7%) had one or two PECARN variables positive and were included. Of this subpopulation, 227 (7.6%, 95% CI 6.7%–8.6%) had intraabdominal injuries. In the 1639 patients with only one rule variable positive, 21 (1.3%, 95% CI 0.8%–2.0%) had IAIAI. In the 1347 patients with two rule variables positive, 27 (2.0%, 95% CI 1.3%–2.9%) had IAIAI. Risk for IAIAI for each variable was highest for Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score <14 (16/291, 5.5%, 95% CI 3.2%–8.8%) and abdominal wall trauma (three of 321, 0.9%, 95% CI 0.2%–2.7%). Risk for IAIAI when two variables were present was highest when decreased breath sounds (three of 44, 6.8%, 95% CI 1.4%–18.7%) and GCS <14 (10/207, 4.8%, 95% CI 2.3%–8.7%) were present with one other variable.

Conclusions

Few children with blunt torso trauma and one or two PECARN predictor variables present have IAIAI. Those with GCS score <14, however, are at highest risk for IAIAI.
‘I've heard of it but had nothing… not much to do with it’: The experience of older people and their families with the Resident of the Day (ROD) process in Victorian aged care facilities
Authors: Mahoney Anne‐Marie , Clune Samantha , McAuliffe Linda , Rayner Jo , Fetherstonhaugh Deirdre
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To explore the experiences of older people living in Australian residential aged care facilities (RACFs) and families of older people living in RACFs, regarding the process of Resident of the Day (ROD; sometimes referred to as a resident review) and their knowledge of how these assessments inform care planning.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were used to engage residents and families in conversations about their experiences and knowledge of the assessment associated with ROD and subsequent care planning. A reflexive thematic analysis was used to generate findings.

Results

Twenty‐six interviews were conducted in four RACFs across Victoria, diverse in terms of geographic location and provider type. Those residents who had some awareness of the ROD described the process only in superficial terms. Connections between ROD and care planning were unable to be made by most residents. Family members had a greater level of awareness of the ROD, although they were unable to describe the process or purpose and did not connect it to care planning.

Conclusions

Despite being undertaken in all Victorian RACFs, residents and families have little or no knowledge of the ROD process, purpose or what happens to the information collected.
Economic Freedom and Presidential Elections: A Bayesian Spatial Probit Hierarchical Modeling Approach
Authors: Lacombe Donald J. , Shaughnessy Timothy
Published: January 2025

There is a growing consensus that spatial effects can help to explain electoral outcomes. Additionally, the concept of economic freedom is also correlated with many different economic outcomes. This paper combines these two ideas using a Bayesian hierarchical spatial probit econometric model. Hierarchical models have a long history in the Bayesian literature and allow for the estimation of Level 1 (county) and Level 2 (state) variables. In this study, we use county‐level data on county‐level votes for Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential election and control for state‐level economic freedom using a newly developed Bayesian hierarchical spatial probit model. The results indicate that state‐level economic freedom contributed positively to Donald Trump's vote at the county level.
‘Screening should not be based on ability to pay’: Australian healthcare providers' and consumers' perspectives on public funding for non‐invasive prenatal testing
Authors: Pynaker Cecilia , Johnston Molly , Mills Catherine , Vasey Katie , Taylor‐Sands Michelle , Bowman‐Smart Hilary , Hui Lisa
Published: January 2025

Background

Non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) does not receive any Medicare rebate. This study investigated the views of Australian healthcare providers and consumers on public funding of NIPT.

Materials and methods

Two anonymous online, cross‐sectional surveys were conducted from September 2022 to January 2023. Surveys targeted maternity healthcare professionals (‘providers’), and individuals who had recently conceived a pregnancy (‘consumers’). Quantitative data were analysed using χ2 test. Free‐text responses were analysed by inductive content analysis.

Results

Responses from 381 providers and 630 consumers were analysed. The overwhelming majority of providers (96.8%) identified financial cost as a consumer barrier to NIPT access. Public funding for NIPT was supported by 86.4% of providers and 90.4% of consumers, with free‐text responses citing equity, clinical, health economic, reproductive autonomy, and ethical justifications. Of the 145 consumers who did not use NIPT in a recent pregnancy, 63.1% rated cost as an ‘important/very important’ factor in foregoing NIPT. NIPT non‐users were younger, had lower household income and education, and were more likely to live in a rural or remote area than consumers who used NIPT.

Conclusion

Maternity healthcare providers and consumers are highly supportive of public funding for NIPT as a first‐line screening test on clinical, equity, health economic, and ethical grounds. Our results confirm the presence of significant socioeconomic disparities between NIPT users and non‐users, with cost being the most important factor impeding equitable access to best practice in prenatal screening. Further research and advocacy are needed to achieve equitable access to best practice in antenatal care.
Ultrafast multicellular calcium imaging of calcium spikes in mouse beta cells in tissue slices
Authors: Dolenšek Jurij , Pohorec Viljem , Skelin Klemen Maša , Gosak Marko , Stožer Andraž
Published: January 2025

Background

The crucial steps in beta cell stimulus‐secretion coupling upon stimulation with glucose are oscillatory changes in metabolism, membrane potential, intracellular calcium concentration, and exocytosis. The changes in membrane potential consist of bursts of spikes, with silent phases between them being dominated by membrane repolarization and absence of spikes. Assessing intra‐ and intercellular coupling at the multicellular level is possible with ever‐increasing detail, but our current ability to simultaneously resolve spikes from many beta cells remains limited to double‐impalement electrophysiological recordings.

Methods

Since multicellular calcium imaging of spikes would enable a better understanding of coupling between changes in membrane potential and calcium concentration in beta cell collectives, we set out to design an appropriate methodological approach.

Results

Combining the acute tissue slice method with ultrafast calcium imaging, we were able to resolve and quantify individual spikes within bursts at a temporal resolution of >150 Hz over prolonged periods, as well as describe their glucose‐dependent properties. In addition, by simultaneous patch‐clamp recordings we were able to show that calcium spikes closely follow membrane potential changes. Both bursts and spikes coordinate across islets in the form of intercellular waves, with bursts typically displaying global and spikes more local patterns.

Conclusions

This method and the associated findings provide additional insight into the complex signaling within beta cell networks. Once extended to tissue from diabetic animals and human donors, this approach could help us better understand the mechanistic basis of diabetes and find new molecular targets.
Real‐time detection of somatostatin release from single islets reveals hypersecretion in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yang Mingyu , Mandal Kousik , Södergren Moa , Dumral Özge , Winroth Lena , Tengholm Anders
Published: January 2025

Aim

Somatostatin from pancreatic δ‐cells is a paracrine regulator of insulin and glucagon secretion, but the release kinetics and whether secretion is altered in diabetes is unclear. This study aimed to improve understanding of somatostatin secretion by developing a tool for real‐time detection of somatostatin release from individual pancreatic islets.

Methods

Reporter cells responding to somatostatin with cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) changes were generated by co‐expressing somatostatin receptor SSTR2, the G‐protein Gα15 and a fluorescent Ca2+ sensor in HeLa cells.

Results

Somatostatin induced dose‐dependent [Ca2+]i increases in reporter cells with half‐maximal and maximal effects at 1.6 ± 0.4 and ~30 nM, respectively. Mouse and human islets induced reporter cell [Ca2+]i elevations that were inhibited by the SSTR2 antagonist CYN154806. Depolarization of islets by high K+, KATP channel blockade or increasing the glucose concentration from 3 to 11 mM evoked concomitant elevations of [Ca2+]i in islets and reporter cells. Exposure of islets to glucagon, GLP‐1 and ghrelin also triggered reporter cell [Ca2+]i responses, whereas little effect was obtained by islet exposure to insulin, glutamate, GABA and urocortin‐3. Islets from type 2 diabetic human donors induced higher reporter cell [Ca2+]i responses at 11 mM and after K+ depolarization compared with non‐diabetic islets, although fewer δ‐cells were identified by immunostaining.

Conclusion

Type 2 diabetes is associated with hypersecretion of somatostatin, which has implications for paracrine regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion. The new reporter cell assay for real‐time detection of single‐islet somatostatin release holds promise for further studies of somatostatin secretion in islet physiology and pathophysiology.
Chronodisruption that dampens output of the central clock abolishes rhythms in metabolome profiles and elevates acylcarnitine levels in the liver of female rats
Authors: Arora Shiyana , Houdek Pavel , Čajka Tomáš , Dočkal Tereza , Sládek Martin , Sumová Alena
Published: January 2025

Aim

Exposure to light at night and meal time misaligned with the light/dark (LD) cycle—typical features of daily life in modern 24/7 society—are associated with negative effects on health. To understand the mechanism, we developed a novel protocol of complex chronodisruption (CD) in which we exposed female rats to four weekly cycles consisting of 5‐day intervals of constant light and 2‐day intervals of food access restricted to the light phase of the 12:12 LD cycle.

Methods

We examined the effects of CD on behavior, estrous cycle, sleep patterns, glucose homeostasis and profiles of clock‐ and metabolism‐related gene expression (using RT qPCR) and liver metabolome and lipidome (using untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic profiling).

Results

CD attenuated the rhythmic output of the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus via Prok2 signaling, thereby disrupting locomotor activity, the estrous cycle, sleep patterns, and mutual phase relationship between the central and peripheral clocks. In the periphery, CD abolished Per1,2 expression rhythms in peripheral tissues (liver, pancreas, colon) and worsened glucose homeostasis. In the liver, it impaired the expression of NAD+, lipid, and cholesterol metabolism genes and abolished most of the high‐amplitude rhythms of lipids and polar metabolites. Interestingly, CD abolished the circadian rhythm of Cpt1a expression and increased the levels of long‐chain acylcarnitines (ACar 18:2, ACar 16:0), indicating enhanced fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria.

Conclusion

Our data show the widespread effects of CD on metabolism and point to ACars as biomarkers for CD due to misaligned sleep and feeding patterns.
Can fecal characteristics be used to predict the digestibility of certain macro minerals in dry and lactating cows?
Authors: Yilmaz Emre , Uysal Soner
Published: January 2025

This study aims to evaluate the relationship between mineral digestibility and fecal characteristics and compare digestibility in dry and late‐lactating cows. A total of 107 multiparous Holstein and Simmental cows were included, with 66 cows in late lactation and 41 cows in the dry period. The apparent digestibility of key macro minerals, dry matter content in feces, dirtiness scores, fecal characteristics, and serum macro mineral levels were determined. Cows consuming the same diet were arranged according to a completely randomized design. Results showed that, compared to the late lactation group, the dry period group had a significantly lower total dirtiness score, higher phosphorus digestibility, and elevated serum calcium levels (p < 0.05). Additionally, fecal consistency and fecal height were greater in the dry period group (p < 0.05). However, the increased phosphorus digestibility observed during the dry period was not significantly associated with fecal consistency (r = +0.225, p < 0.05) or the total contamination score (r = −0.339, p < 0.05). Consequently, this study reveals that understanding the differences in mineral digestibility between different physiological stages can enhance nutritional approaches for better dairy cow management.
A comparison of risk factors for canine leptospirosis and seropositivity in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Griebsch C , Kirkwood N , Norris JM , Ward MP
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to identify and compare risk factors associated with canine leptospirosis and Leptospira seropositivity in New South Wales, Australia. Seventy‐nine canine cases of confirmed leptospirosis (clinical cases) and 16 healthy dogs seropositive to Leptospira (seropositive cases) were included in the study; these were separately compared to 394 healthy dogs seronegative to Leptospira (controls) in at‐risk areas. A questionnaire investigated rat contact, stagnant water, dog park access and household number of dogs and cats. Associations between these factors, signalment and risk of leptospirosis or Leptospira seropositivity were screened using Pearson Chi‐Square test and logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios of association. Significantly associated with both leptospirosis risk and seropositivity risk was rat contact (P < 0.01) which increased the risk 4.3‐ and 4.5‐fold, respectively. Other factors significantly associated with leptospirosis risk were breed (P < 0.01) and age (P < 0.01). Being a herding dog or Terrier increased leptospirosis risk 27.2‐fold and 8‐fold, respectively and being a young adult dog increased leptospirosis risk 3.9‐fold. Frequenting dog parks decreased leptospirosis risk (OR 0.12). In contrast, no other significant risk factors were identified for seropositivity risk. Exposure to Leptospira through contact with reservoir hosts resulted in seropositivity as well as clinical leptospirosis. However, host factors like breed and age seem to be important factors in determining if exposure results in clinical disease. Increased urbanisation and landscape fragmentation could result in increased exposure to reservoir hosts. Environmental sampling is needed to identify sources of infection. Risk mitigation includes reducing contact with reservoir hosts and contaminated environments and increased pest control.
Early Years Practitioners' and Public Health Consultants' Perspectives on the Use of Interactive Electronic Devices in Young Children: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Azevedo Liane B. , Downes Megan , Eastburn Sara , Covell Jane , Bissell Paul
Published: January 2025

Background

Interactive electronic devices (IEDs) are ubiquitous in young children's lives. However, research on their impact on learning and development is still limited. The aim of this study was to understand the perspectives of early years practitioners (EYPs) and public health consultants (PHCs) on the use of IEDs in children aged 3–5.

Methods

Using purposive sampling techniques, we recruited four EYPs and two PHCs from children's nurseries and a government organisation in the northwest of England. Semi‐structured interviews were used to collect data, which were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and anonymised. Data were analysed using reflective thematic analysis.

Results

EYPs and PHCs noted that although IEDs could negatively impact child development and behaviour, they could also aid in learning. EYPs expressed concerns about the impact of parents' own IED habits on children's communication and social skills. On the other hand, PHCs stressed that substituting outdoor play with the use of these devices could affect children's social and physical skills and reduce physical activity levels, which are crucial for development. Finally, both EYPs and PHCs agreed that there was a need to improve parents' and EYP's knowledge and to develop interactive interventions to promote an understanding of how IEDs should be used with young children.

Conclusion

EYPs and PHCs acknowledge the potential advantages of using IEDs as a teaching tool for children. However, they have concerns about the long‐term effects on communication, social and physical skills and how children are impacted by their parents' use of these devices. To support policy statements, future research should offer further evidence of the benefits and harms of IED use.
C3/C3aR Bridges Spinal Astrocyte‐Microglia Crosstalk and Accelerates Neuroinflammation in Morphine‐Tolerant Rats
Authors: Peng Xiaoling , Ju Jie , Li Zheng , Liu Jie , Jia Xiaoqian , Wang Jihong , Ren Jihao , Gao Feng
Published: January 2025

Aims

Communication within glial cells acts as a pivotal intermediary factor in modulating neuroimmune pathology. Meanwhile, an increasing awareness has emerged regarding the detrimental role of glial cells and neuroinflammation in morphine tolerance (MT). This study investigated the influence of crosstalk between astrocyte and microglia on the evolution of morphine tolerance.

Methods

Sprague‐Dawley rats were intrathecally treated with morphine twice daily for 9 days to establish morphine‐tolerant rat model. Tail‐flick latency test was performed to identify the analgesic effect of morphine. The role of microglia, astrocyte and C3‐C3aR axis in morphine tolerance were elucidated by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence.

Results

Chronic morphine treatment notably promoted the activation of microglia, upregulated the production of proinflammatory mediators (interleukin‐1 alpha (IL‐1α), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and complement component 1q (C1q)). Simultaneously, it programed astrocytes to a pro‐inflammatory phenotype (A1), which mainly expresses complement 3 (C3) and serping1. PLX3397 (a colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor), Compstain (a C3 inhibitor) and SB290157(a C3aR antagonist) could reverse the above pathological process and alleviate morphine tolerance to different extents.

Conclusion

Our findings identify C3‐C3aR axis as an amplifier of microglia‐astrocyte crosstalk, neuroinflammation and a node for therapeutic intervention in morphine tolerance.
Incidence Trends in Head and Neck Cancer Subsites: A National Population‐Based Study (2001–2020)
Authors: Clements Kelten , McMahon Alex D. , Bhatti Lesley , Smith Craig , Paterson Claire , Douglas Catriona M. , Conway David I.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This descriptive epidemiological study aims to investigate trends in head and neck cancer (HNC) within the anatomical divisions of laryngeal, oropharyngeal, and oral cavity cancers over the past two decades.

Design

Retrospective population‐based observational study.

Setting

Scotland, a constituent country of the United Kingdom, with a population of 5.5 million.

Participants

Newly diagnosed HNC patients in Scotland registered in the Scottish Cancer Registry from 2001 to 2020.

Main Outcome Measures

Trends in age‐standardised incidence rates from 2001 to 2020 for each HNC subsite, anatomical division, and individual sociodemographic using joinpoint regression analysis and Poisson regression analysis.

Results

Overall, HNC incidence rates have remained stable, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 0.29% (p = 0.34). However, oropharyngeal cancer showed a significant increase in incidence rates with an AAPC of 3.76% (p < 0.001); the tonsils (C09) and the base of the tongue (C01) experienced the greatest increases in AAPC of 4.63% (p = 0.001) and 4.79% (p < 0.001), respectively. Conversely, laryngeal cancer rates declined significantly, with an AAPC of −2.56% (p < 0.001). This decline was primarily influenced by annual reductions of −2.40% (p = 0.09) in cancers affecting the glottis (C32.0). Incidence rates for oral cavity cancer remained mostly stable, with an AAPC of −0.60% (p = 0.08).

Conclusion

This analysis highlights that behind a stable HNC incidence rate over the past 20 years, there are differential trends among various anatomical divisions with an overall increasing burden of oropharyngeal cancer and declining rates of laryngeal cancer.
E‐Learning Design Based on E‐Learning Readiness
Authors: Parlakkiliç Alaattin
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the e‐learning readiness of Turkish family physicians and to obtain the views of program instructors to design the e‐learning system. An online questionnaire was applied, and 1172 family physicians answered, and a semi‐structured interview was done with the program educators. Infrastructure and equipment readiness was 77.64%, and there was a need for quantitative and qualitative improvements. Online learning readiness was 75.13%, and efforts were needed to develop education and online culture. Information technology readiness was 74.47%, and there was a need to develop information technology knowledge. Attitude readiness was 64.22%, and it was insufficient; it was understood that behaviour and desire need to be developed more to improve. Considering demographic characteristics, age was the strongest and most significant predictor of e‐learning readiness. In the interviews with the program trainers, e‐learning training, development of human resources capacity, increasing enthusiasm for technology, use of asynchronous course format, and development of online culture were indicated for improving an e‐learning system for trainers. It was concluded that information technology readiness moderately affected online learning and attitude readiness but slightly affected equipment and infrastructure readiness. As a result, it showed that 72.80% of Turkish family physicians were ready for e‐learning and needed several improvements for sufficient e‐learning readiness.
Age‐associated differences in FIRES: Characterizing prodromal presentation and long‐term outcomes via the web‐based NORSE/FIRES Family Registry
Authors: Kazazian Karnig , Gaspard Nicolas , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Kellogg Marissa , Hocker Sara E. , Wong Nora , Farias‐Moeller Raquel , Eschbach Krista , Gofton Teneille E.
Published: January 2025

Febrile infection–related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a rare clinical presentation of refractory status epilepticus following a febrile infection. This study analyzes data from the NORSE/FIRES Family Registry, an international web‐based registry available in six languages with data entered by patients, families, and clinicians to explore clinical presentations, survivorship, and long‐term outcomes in adult and pediatric FIRES patients. We characterize and examine differences in demographics, prodromal symptoms, seizure frequency, anti‐seizure medications (ASMs), quality of life, cognition, mood, and anxiety in adults vs pediatric populations with FIRES. Eighty‐six participants were included in the study. Pediatric patients (n = 54) were predominantly male (77.8%) and experienced a significantly higher post‐FIRES seizure burden than adult survivors (67.7% ≥12 seizures/month in pediatrics vs 11.8% in adults, p <.001). Adults (n = 32) were more likely to be female (59.4%) and have flu‐like prodromal symptoms (90.6%). At ≥6 months post‐FIRES, both groups exhibited high ASM use, with the majority (87.5%) taking three or more medications. Pediatric patients reported worse mood and anxiety outcomes compared to adults (p <.005). Self‐reported quality of life and cognition were rated as moderate across in adults (5.2/10) and pediatric (4.7/10) patients, although pediatric patients indicated poorer cognition. Our findings highlight the challenges in managing post‐FIRES outcomes across different age groups, particularly in pediatric patients who face a higher seizure burden and report worse cognitive outcomes.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping of iron deposition in sporadic cerebral cavernous malformation–related epilepsy
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Liu Yang , Ma Li , Yuan Jing , Wu Chunxue , Wang Shuo
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate iron deposition patterns in patients with cerebral cavernous malformation–related epilepsy (CRE) using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) for detailed analysis of iron distribution associated with a history of epilepsy and severity.

Methods

This study is part of the Quantitative Susceptibility Biomarker and Brain Structural Property for Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Related Epilepsy (CRESS) cohort, a prospective multicenter study. QSM was used to quantify iron deposition in patients with sporadic cerebral cavernous malformation (CCMs). Lesions were segmented into intralesional, perilesional, and extralesional areas, with mean susceptibility values calculated for each subregion and analyzed in relation to epilepsy severity and duration.

Results

Among the 46 patients studied, those with a history of epilepsy had significantly higher iron deposition values in the perilesional (p =.012) and extralesional areas (p =.01), as well as a greater extent of iron deposition (p <.001) compared to those without epilepsy. The extent of iron deposition effectively distinguished patients with and without epilepsy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.901 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.816–0.985). Among patients with epilepsy, iron deposition in the extralesional area was positively correlated with the severity of epilepsy (r2 = 0.181, p =.043), and the extent of iron deposition was positively correlated with the duration of epilepsy (r2 =.214, p =.026).

Significance

This study highlights QSM as a non‐invasive tool for assessing iron deposition in CRE, identifying distinct subregional iron deposition patterns linked to epilepsy status and severity.
Sexual Selection and Predator Response in a Male‐Polymorphic Livebearing Fish
Authors: Castillo Crystal , Brown Hannah K. , Knudsen Amy P. , Olivera–Angon Elvira , Brewster Rob , Kolluru Gita R.
Published: January 2025

Sexual polymorphism describes discrete variation among individuals of one sex, often involving conspicuously colored, displaying male morphs and inconspicuous, sneaking male morphs. Sexual polymorphism may be maintained over evolutionary time if the displaying morph is favored by sexual selection and the sneaking morph experiences reduced predation. We tested these ideas using 3D printed models and live males in the sexually polymorphic poeciliid fish, Girardinus metallicus. Females did not prefer the displaying black morph; however, black morphs exhibited more male–male aggression, and dominant black morph males achieved higher mating success than all plain morph males, suggesting a sexual selection advantage. Predatory blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) did not show a preference for either morph, suggesting no plain morph advantage in this regard that would maintain the polymorphism. It is possible that the polymorphism is instead maintained because as black morphs become common, aggressive interference among them causes their fitness to decline, thereby keeping black morphs rare relative to plain morphs, but not eliminating them entirely. Our results underscore the need to further explore the function of the black morph display, as it appears not to be sexually selected via female choice, in contrast to mating displays in similar species.
Pharyngeal Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis: A 16S rRNA Sequencing Study
Authors: Zhang Tian , Shi Jianxin , Li Xinxin , Liu Huan , Wei Yuegang , Li Hongmin
Published: January 2025

While recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of the skin and gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), the influence of pharyngeal microbiota on AD remains unclear. This study aims to explore disparities in the composition of pharyngeal flora among AD patients and their potential role in the pathogenesis of AD. Between March and May 2023, 30 patients with AD at the outpatient department of Jiangsu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital were recruited, along with 20 healthy subjects, underwent 16S rRNA sequencing on pharyngeal swabs. Pharyngeal taxonomic biomarkers of AD were identified using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), and phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt2) was employed to predict potential functional metabolic pathways of bacteria with differential abundance. Significant variations were observed in the microbiota composition between the two study groups. The Pharynx of AD patients exhibited a notably higher relative abundance of Granulicatella, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter compared to healthy volunteers. Conversely, the relative abundance of Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Campylobacter, Lactobacillaceae, Treponema, Megasphaera, Selenomonas, and Oribacterium was lower in AD patients. According to the metabolic functional enrichment annotations predicted by PICRUSt2, bacteria with differential abundance may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD through two metabolic pathways, namely chondroitin sulfate degradation and chitin derivatives degradation. AD patients displayed distinctive microbiota profiles compared to healthy controls. These findings imply a pivotal role of pharyngeal microbiota in the pathogenesis of AD, offering novel perspectives for AD treatment strategies.
Age and Growth of the Shortfin Mako Shark, Isurus oxyrinchus (Rafinesque, 1810), in the Ecuadorian Pacific Ocean
Authors: Vera‐Mera Smith , Mejía Diego , Mera Christopher , Vélez‐Soledispa Michael , Briones‐Mendoza Jesús , Galván‐Magaña Felipe , Tamayo‐Vega Steven
Published: January 2025

The shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) is a widely distributed predatory species. However, critical aspects of its biology remain poorly understood in several regions, including the Ecuadorian Pacific Ocean, where it is one of the most commonly captured shark species. Vertebral samples of 238 specimens were analyzed, including 119 females (82–228 cm TL; 0–15 years), 115 males (76.4–248 cm TL; 0–16 years), and 4 unsexed individuals (194–215 cm TL; 10–14 years). The von Bertalanffy model provided the best fit for males (L∞  271.31 cm TL, L0 = 75.85 cm TL, k = 0.10 year−1), and females (L∞  347.53 cm TL, L0 = 76.04 cm TL, k = 0.06 year−1). The results indicated sexual dimorphism, with females reaching a larger size and exhibiting slower growth rates compared with males. The shortfin mako shark in the Ecuadorian Pacific Ocean grew slow, and based on its life history characteristics, is vulnerable to overexploitation, thereby necessitating harvest management to sustain a fishery.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) From a Human at Low Risk for Alzheimer's Disease Improves Short‐Term Recognition Memory and Increases Neuroinflammation in a 3xTg AD Mouse Model
Authors: Chevalier Claire , Tournier Benjamin B. , Marizzoni Moira , Park Rahel , Paquis Arthur , Ceyzériat Kelly , Badina Aurélien M. , Lathuiliere Aurelien , Saleri Samantha , Cillis Floriana De , Cattaneo Annamaria , Millet Philippe , Frisoni Giovanni B.
Published: January 2025

Human microbiota‐associated murine models, using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from human donors, help explore the microbiome's role in diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study examines how gut bacteria from donors with protective factors against AD influence behavior and brain pathology in an AD mouse model. Female 3xTgAD mice received weekly FMT for 2 months from (i) an 80‐year‐old AD patient (AD‐FMT), (ii) a cognitively healthy 73‐year‐old with the protective APOEe2 allele (APOEe2‐FMT), (iii) a 22‐year‐old healthy donor (Young‐FMT), and (iv) untreated mice (Mice‐FMT). Behavioral assessments included novel object recognition (NOR), Y‐maze, open‐field, and elevated plus maze tests; brain pathology (amyloid and tau), neuroinflammation (in situ autoradiography of the 18 kDa translocator protein in the hippocampus); and gut microbiota were analyzed. APOEe2‐FMT improved short‐term memory in the NOR test compared to AD‐FMT, without significant changes in other behavioral tests. This was associated with increased neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, but no effect was detected on brain amyloidosis and tauopathy. Specific genera, such as Parabacteroides and Prevotellaceae_UGC001, were enriched in the APOEe2‐FMT group and associated with neuroinflammation, while genera like Desulfovibrio were reduced and linked to decreased neuroinflammation. Gut microbiota from a donor with a protective factor against AD improved short‐term memory and induced neuroinflammation in regions strategic to AD. The association of several genera with neuroinflammation in the APOEe2‐FMT group suggests a collegial effect of the transplanted microbiome rather than a single‐microbe driver effect. These data support an association between gut bacteria, glial cell activation, and cognitive function in AD.
Altered brain functional connectivity in patients with tension‐type headache
Authors: Zhao Mengqi , Chen Lanfen , Cheng Zhixiang , Wang Xizhen , Zhang Shuxian , Li Mengting , Hao Zeqi , Sun Xihe , Zhang Jianxin , Yu Yang , Ren Jun , Jia Xize
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate whether patients with tension‐type headache (TTH) exhibit abnormal brain functional connectivity compared to healthy controls.

Background

TTH is one of the most prevalent headache disorders throughout the world. The present study delves into brain functional connectivity in patients with TTH to enhance the understanding of its underlying pathophysiology.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted, enrolling patients with TTH diagnosed in line with the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition beta criteria and a cohort of healthy controls (HCs). We used four metrics—global brain functional connectivity, functional connectivity, Granger causality analysis, and dynamic functional connectivity—to evaluate alterations of functional connectivity patterns in patients with TTH from both static and dynamic perspectives. Furthermore, correlational analyses were performed to explore the relationships between abnormal brain activities and clinical characteristics.

Results

A total of 33 patients with TTH (mean age = 42.3; 13 males/20 females) and 30 HCs (mean age = 37.1; 13 males/17 females) were included in the current study. Compared to HCs, patients with TTH showed altered global brain functional connectivity in the right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus (SFGdor, t = 4.60). Abnormal functional connectivity was also detected between the right SFGdor and the right superior temporal gyrus (t = 4.56). Furthermore, the right SFGdor exhibited altered information flow with several brain regions, including the left precuneus (t = 5.16), right middle temporal gyrus (MTG, t = 4.72/−4.41), right inferior temporal gyrus (t = 4.64), right caudate nucleus (t = 4.09), and right thalamus (THA, t = −4.04). In terms of dynamic functional connectivity, disconnection was observed between the right SFGdor and the right MTG (t = −3.10), right Rolandic operculum (ROL, t = 3.60), left opercular inferior frontal gyrus (t = −3.48), and left medial superior frontal gyrus (t = −3.00). In addition, the correlation analyses revealed that activities in the MTG (r = 0.48), THA (r = −0.38), and ROL (r = 0.36) were significantly correlated with disease duration, while THA activity was associated with Visual Analogue Scale scores (r = 0.50).

Conclusions

This study revealed alterations in both static and dynamic brain functional connectivity in patients with TTH within regions implicated in sensory perception, emotional processing, cognition, and pain regulation. These results may promote the understanding of the neural networks involved in TTH and potentially inform future therapeutic approaches for the condition.
Higher Education and Disability: A Systematic Literature Review and Agenda for Research
Authors: Maurya Jyotesna , Swaroop Niharika , Sadar Priya , Misra Debananda
Published: January 2025

This systematic literature review provides a synthesis of what issues within disability have been researched, how universities respond to the issues to be inclusive to disabled students and the role of higher education environment and policy, in doing so. The review is motivated by the emphasis on inclusive and equitable quality education and reduced inequalities in sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the increasing attention on universities' role in promoting social change, justice and mobility for marginalised groups. Based on multistep methodology that included preliminary search, database selection and keyword‐based article retrieval, we conducted a descriptive thematic analysis of 204 research articles on disability in higher education. Our study advances existing literature reviews on the same topic by covering a much larger number of articles, including a broader set of disabilities than physical disability, uncovering a range of themes beyond students' experiences and including policy and managerial aspects corresponding to disability in higher education. We recommend future research areas that can fill the gaps in and advance existing research on disability in higher education.
Surgical outcomes of artificial urinary sphincter implantation in patients with a history of urethroplasty: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Yokoyama Takaaki , Horiguchi Akio , Shinchi Masayuki , Kenichiro Ojima , Segawa Yuhei , Hanazawa Takehiro , Suzuki Sadayoshi , Katsuta Jumpei , Watanabe Daisuke , Ito Keiichi
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Limited data exist on surgical outcomes following artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation in patients with a history of urethroplasty for urethral stricture. This study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes of AUS implantation in such patients, focusing on the risk of urethral erosion.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 14 male patients who developed severe urinary incontinence following urethroplasty for urethral stricture and subsequently underwent AUS implantation at our center between March 2012 and January 2024. Patients underwent either excision and primary anastomosis (EPA) or non‐transecting anastomotic urethroplasty (NTAU), followed by AUS implantation using either the standard or transcorporeal approach, depending on periurethral adhesions and corpus spongiosum condition. Outcomes were assessed regularly after AUS implantation, focusing on complications, especially urethral erosion.

Results

The median follow‐up period after AUS implantation was 46 months. Erosion occurred in 4 of 14 patients (28.6%), all of whom had undergone EPA, while no cases of erosion were observed in patients treated with NTAU. The 12‐, 36‐, and 60‐month AUS survival rates were 100.0%, 90.9%, and 71.6%, respectively. Patients who underwent the transcorporeal approach had comparable erosion rates to those who received the standard approach (p = 0.60).

Conclusion

Patients with a history of urethroplasty face a high risk of AUS erosion. Whether urethral transection during urethroplasty influences urethral erosion following AUS implantation requires further accumulation of cases.
Continental‐Scale α‐ and β‐Diversity Patterns of Terrestrial Eukaryotic Microbes: Effect of Climate and Microhabitat on Testate Amoeba Assemblages in Eurasian Peatlands
Authors: Su Jiahui , Mazei Yuri A. , Tsyganov Andrey N. , Mazei Natalia G. , Chernyshov Victor A. , Komarov Alexander A. , Babeshko Kirill V. , Mitchell Edward A. D. , Shimano Satoshi , Saldaev Damir A. , Yakimov Basil N.
Published: January 2025

Aim

The role of environmental factors that shape the large‐scale distribution of eukaryotic microbes remains understudied. We aimed to disentangle the impacts of latitudinal and longitudinal gradients on the distribution of Sphagnum‐dwelling testate amoebae in mires and to understand the influence of environmental factors related to both local habitats (hummock—lawn—hollows) and regional climates.

Location

A range from temperate to subarctic and from the European part to the Far East of Russia (51°–70°N, 32°–158°E).

Taxon

Testate amoeba (Arcellinida, Euglyphida, and Amphitremida).

Methods

We analysed the testate amoeba (TA) composition and abundance data from 816 samples collected in 75 peatlands. Linear mixed‐effects models and redundancy analysis were applied to determine the likely environmental drivers of TA α‐ and β‐diversity.

Results

We identified a significant reversed latitudinal gradient in α‐diversity which negatively correlated with the mean annual temperature. This gradient is microhabitat‐specific, being prominent in lawn and hollow microhabitats, but not in hummocks. Longitude, which corresponds mainly to a gradient of precipitation seasonality, was a significant predictor of TA β‐diversity, especially in hollows.

Main Conclusions

Our findings identify climatic factors (e.g., mean annual temperature and precipitation seasonality) as likely shaping the continental‐scale TA α‐ and β‐diversity patterns, emphasising the microhabitat‐specific nature of these relationships. The absence of pattern in hummocks is interpreted as evidence for a predominant microhabitat stress (i.e., low moisture and pH) in this habitat.
Low Attainment of Treatment Targets for Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Indonesian Adults With Established Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Arsyad Dian Sidik , Qalby Nurul , Qanitha Andriany , Mappangara Idar , Milayanti Wilis , Wahiduddin  , Ansariadi  , Visseren Frank L. J. , Cramer Maarten J. , Doevendans Pieter A. , Hageman Steven H. J.
Published: January 2025

Rationale

Established coronary artery disease (CAD) patients are at increased risk for recurrence of cardiovascular events and mortality due to non‐attainment of recommended risk factor control targets.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the attainment of treatment targets for risk factor control among CAD patients as recommended in the Indonesian CVD prevention guidelines.

Methods

Patients were consecutively recruited from the Makassar Cardiac Center at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Indonesia. Targets for systolic blood pressure (SBP < 140 mmHg), low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C < 1.8 mmol/L), body mass index (BMI: 20–25 kg/m2), non‐smoking status and antithrombotic use were assessed according to the national guideline. Attainment levels were evaluated in CAD population subgroups using logistic regression to identify patients who required more intensive monitoring.

Results

A total of 395 CAD patients (median age: 57 years (IQR: 49–65), 63.8% men) were recruited between February and June 2021. We observed that 1.8% of the CAD patients met all risk factor treatment targets. LDL‐C had the lowest attainment level (5.1%), followed by BMI (59.7%), SBP (62.8%), antithrombotic usage (76.7%) and non‐smoking status (94.4%). Apart from lower attainment of SBP control in the 50+ years age group (aOR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.35–0.94) and women (aOR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.34–0.83), the attainment levels of other risk factors were consistently low across age, sex, marital status and educational subgroups.

Conclusion

These findings emphasize the urgent need for effective management and heightened awareness, particularly for controlling LDL‐C in the CAD population. Action to address this issue is crucial for mitigating the CVD burden, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries such as Indonesia.