bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological Resilience Interventions for Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Xing Jingwen , Xu Xiaofeng , Li Xing , Luo Qing
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had severe mental health effects on adolescents. Psychological resilience is the ability to recover quickly from adversity and can help adolescents cope with the stress and dangers brought by the pandemic better. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the developmental pattern of psychological resilience in adolescents and to find the sensitive period for psychological resilience intervention to promote resilience in adolescents during the pandemic. The study measured the psychological resilience of a total of 559 adolescents using the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) in four grades: grade 7 and grade 8 in a junior high school, and grade 10 and grade 11 in a high school. It was found that the resilience level of the adolescents decreased in grade 10 and then increased significantly in grade 11 (F = 4.22, p = 0.006). A 4-week resilience intervention was conducted in the four grades using both psychological course training and physical training. The results revealed that the psychological course training was effective in promoting resilience in the 7th (F = 4.79, p = 0.03) and 8th (F = 4.75, p = 0.03) grades, but not in the 10th and 11th grades. The result suggests that the 7th and 8th grades may be a critical period for psychological resilience interventions for adolescents.
Exploring the Benefits of Virtual Reality Adoption for Successful Construction in a Developing Economy
Authors: Oke Ayodeji Emmanuel , Kineber Ahmed Farouk , Elshaboury Nehal , Ekundayo Damilola , Bello Samuel Ariyo
Published: June 2023

Existing literature has shown that Virtual Reality (VR) is widely utilized in advanced economies to enhance sustainable construction practices. However, its adoption in developing economies remains limited. To this end, this study aims at exploring the potential benefits of implementing VR technology in a developing country. The study collected information on the beneficial aspects of VR from previous research and conducted questionnaire surveys to gather relevant insights from construction project experts in Nigeria. The collected data were analyzed using the Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking According to the Compromise Solution (MARCOS) method and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The MARCOS method revealed that the key potential benefits of VR include improved communication and collaboration, enhanced project performance, risk identification, digitalization, and safety planning. Furthermore, the study conducted an in-depth investigation of the beneficial areas of VR using EFA, which identified six component groups: pre-contract stage planning, post-contract stage planning, quality control and sustainability, design flexibility and reputation, resource management, and risk management and digitalization. The study provides a comprehensive discussion of the advantages of implementing virtual building methods in developing countries.
Bending Analysis of Stepped Rectangular Plates Resting on an Elastic Half-Space Foundation
Authors: Wu Jian , Zhang Jinpeng , Li Xue
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the bending behavior of rectangular plates with stepped thickness resting on an elastic half-space foundation is investigated through an analytic method. Combined with the bending theory of the rectangular thin and moderately thick plate, the stepped rectangular plate is divided into upper and lower plates, and the Fourier series is used to obtain the analytical solution of the deflection of the plate and the interaction force between the plate and foundation. The influence of the elastic modulus of the plate, plate theory, and the dimension of the plate on the deflection of the stepped rectangular plate is also discussed. The results show that the analytical solution is basically the same as the existing research results, and it is also verified by the analysis results of the models established by ABAQUS software. The deflection at the center of the stepped rectangular plate increases with the increase of the elastic modulus of the upper plate and the decrease of the side length of the upper plate, while the plate theory has little effect on the deflection of the plate. This method not only overcomes some of the disadvantages of numerical methods but also eliminates the assumptions of the Winkler foundation model and the two-parameter foundation model, thus obtaining a more reasonable and accurate bending performance of the stepped rectangular plate resting on the elastic half-space foundation.
Analysis and Evaluation of Indoor Environment, Occupant Satisfaction, and Energy Consumption in General Hospital in China
Authors: Sun Yukai , Kojima Shoichi , Nakaohkubo Kazuaki , Zhao Jingqi , Ni Shenbo
Published: June 2023

Different functional areas within general hospitals have varying environmental requirements, with relatively high energy consumption. A comprehensive evaluation of the operational performance’s rationality is of great significance in hospitals’ energy conservation efforts. This study conducted an annual post-occupancy evaluation of a general hospital located in a hot summer and cold winter area in east of China. Two hundred and seventy-eight valid online satisfaction questionnaires, sixty valid point-to-point questionnaires, indoor environment data of each typical season, and energy consumption data were obtained. The overall indoor environment of the selected hospital met the standard requirements. The results showed that occupant satisfaction was influenced by gender, working hours, and length of stay. The annual energy consumption level of this building was 84.7 kWh/m2, which is significantly lower than that of other public general hospitals in China and general hospitals in developed countries. The energy consumption of the inpatient department was directly related to the hospital days, with an increase of 12.2 kWh/m2 for every 1000 additional hospital days. A new indoor environment quality (IEQ) model and a new comprehensive evaluation model for energy efficiency were established. Overall, the outpatient department exhibited superior performance compared to the inpatient department. These evaluation models can help owners and decision-makers in the identification of environmental performance in hospitals.
Method and Experimental Study of Oscillator Frequency Optimization of Distributed Tuned Mass Dampers for Broadband Multimodal Vibration Mitigation of Reinforced Concrete Wall
Authors: Chu Meng , Yin Wenhan , Dong Fei , Sun Feifei , He Songhang , He Yamei
Published: June 2023

Distributed tuned mass dampers (dTMD) can effectively mitigate the broadband vibration of a structure. However, when the vibration frequency in question reaches several hundred hertz, traditional optimization methods represented by fixed point theory are difficult to apply due to dense modal density, complex boundary conditions, and vibration inputs. This paper proposes the minimax method based on modal damping to optimize the oscillator’s frequency. Two typical wall panel specimens are tested to evaluate the proposed method. The mode shape of the uncontrolled wall and the vibration mitigation effect of the stacked sandwich-damped TMD under single-point bidirectional excitation is tested. The correlation between the modal damping and the vibration mitigation effect is evaluated. The results show that the RC wall panel has a dense mode when the frequency of interest reaches 300 Hz and above; the distributed stacked sandwich-damped TMDs can effectively mitigate the vibration of the RC wall panel in the frequency range of 200~450 Hz; and that the idea of optimizing the frequency of dTMD based on modal damping is feasible.
Optimization of Supply Air Parameters Control Based on Gappy POD Method for Creating Non-Uniform Temperature Fields
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Yuhong , Cao Zhiyin , Li Dekang , Zhao Jinchi , Weng Wenbing
Published: June 2023

This paper explores the implementation and application of non-uniform ambient fields from two perspectives: constant heat source and abrupt heat source variation. On the one hand, the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method is used to find the optimum air supply parameters for different target temperatures at multiple demand points. The one-parameter, two-parameter and three-parameter cases were considered, respectively, and the parameters obtained from the search for optimisation were verified, yielding mean deviations of 0.405 K, 0.368 K and 0.380 K and mean errors of 1.48%, 1.61% and 1.68%, respectively. The accuracy of the reconstructed results of the POD method and the reliability of the POD method for finding the best results are verified step by step with the help of the experimental platform. The validation results show that the average error between the reconstructed data and the experimental data for the POD method does not exceed 5%; the average errors between the measured and set demand temperatures at the target point are 1.2% and 0.8%. On the other hand, the gappy POD method is used to accurately fill in the elements of the system with arbitrary missing data and to reconstruct the flow field in the presence of missing (gappy) data with a limited number of sensors combined with POD. The errors of the gappy POD method reconstruction are 0.54% and 1.75%. POD and gappy POD methods can better create non-uniform temperature fields in practical scenarios according to actual needs. The results of the study can provide a methodological reference for real-time reconstruction and real-time control of the indoor flow field environment. It also serves as a help and suggestion for the actual project in terms of end-regulation system and reverse design method.
Research Attitude and Interest among Cancer Survivors with or without Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Ng Ding Quan , Chan Daniella , Acharya Munjal M. , Grill Joshua D. , Chan Alexandre
Published: June 2023

Background: We examined the research attitudes and willingness to participate in clinical research among cancer survivors with varying degrees of cognitive function. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data collected through the University of California Irvine Consent-to-Contact registry. Cancer survivors completed the Cognitive Function Instrument (CFI), the Research Attitudes Questionnaire (RAQ), and willingness to participate (WTP) in certain research procedures. Perceived cognitive impairment (CI) was defined as the worst 20% CFI scores. Results: Here, 265 CI and 909 cognitively non-impaired (CNI) participants’ data were analyzed. Mean age and sex distribution were similar, with fewer non-Hispanic Whites and education years among CI participants. More CI participants self-reported past diagnoses of Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, stroke, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and alcohol abuse (all p < 0.05). CI participants were significantly more interested in studies investigating approved medications (92% vs. 87%, p = 0.030), lumbar puncture (47% vs. 38%, p = 0.027), and autopsy (78% vs. 69%, p = 0.022). After removing survivors with co-existing neuropsychiatric conditions, interest in autopsy studies remained statistically higher among CI (79% vs. 69%, p = 0.022). Conclusions: Participants with cancer and CI are open to research procedures and interventions that are traditionally less utilized, which may facilitate the discovery of the pathogenesis and interventions for cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI).
Radical Prostatectomy and Anatomical Controversies: The Urethral Sphincter and the Elusive Continence Mechanisms
Authors: Gyftopoulos Kostis
Published: June 2023

Prostate cancer incidence is rising [...]
Emerging Biosensing Methods to Monitor Lung Cancer Biomarkers in Biological Samples: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Chinnappan Raja , Mir Tanveer Ahmad , Alsalameh Sulaiman , Makhzoum Tariq , Alzhrani Alaa , Alnajjar Khalid , Adeeb Salma , Al Eman Noor , Ahmed Zara , Shakir Ismail , Al-Kattan Khaled , Yaqinuddin Ahmed
Published: June 2023

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed of all cancers and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among men and women worldwide, causing 1.5 million deaths every year. Despite developments in cancer treatment technologies and new pharmaceutical products, high mortality and morbidity remain major challenges for researchers. More than 75% of lung cancer patients are diagnosed in advanced stages, leading to poor prognosis. Lung cancer is a multistep process associated with genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Rapid, accurate, precise, and reliable detection of lung cancer biomarkers in biological fluids is essential for risk assessment for a given individual and mortality reduction. Traditional diagnostic tools are not sensitive enough to detect and diagnose lung cancer in the early stages. Therefore, the development of novel bioanalytical methods for early-stage screening and diagnosis is extremely important. Recently, biosensors have gained tremendous attention as an alternative to conventional methods because of their robustness, high sensitivity, inexpensiveness, and easy handling and deployment in point-of-care testing. This review provides an overview of the conventional methods currently used for lung cancer screening, classification, diagnosis, and prognosis, providing updates on research and developments in biosensor technology for the detection of lung cancer biomarkers in biological samples. Finally, it comments on recent advances and potential future challenges in the field of biosensors in the context of lung cancer diagnosis and point-of-care applications.
Novel Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Deep Learning and Clinical Parameter Integration for the Prediction of Long-Term Biochemical Recurrence-Free Survival in Prostate Cancer after Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Lee Hye Won , Kim Eunjin , Na Inye , Kim Chan Kyo , Seo Seong Il , Park Hyunjin
Published: June 2023

Radical prostatectomy (RP) is the main treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). Biochemical recurrence (BCR) following RP remains the first sign of aggressive disease; hence, better assessment of potential long-term post-RP BCR-free survival is crucial. Our study aimed to evaluate a combined clinical-deep learning (DL) model using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for predicting long-term post-RP BCR-free survival in PCa. A total of 437 patients with PCa who underwent mpMRI followed by RP between 2008 and 2009 were enrolled; radiomics features were extracted from T2-weighted imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient maps, and contrast-enhanced sequences by manually delineating the index tumors. Deep features from the same set of imaging were extracted using a deep neural network based on pretrained EfficentNet-B0. Here, we present a clinical model (six clinical variables), radiomics model, DL model (DLM-Deep feature), combined clinical–radiomics model (CRM-Multi), and combined clinical–DL model (CDLM-Deep feature) that were built using Cox models regularized with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. We compared their prognostic performances using stratified fivefold cross-validation. In a median follow-up of 61 months, 110/437 patients experienced BCR. CDLM-Deep feature achieved the best performance (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.72), followed by DLM-Deep feature (HR = 4.37) or RM-Multi (HR = 2.67). CRM-Multi performed moderately. Our results confirm the superior performance of our mpMRI-derived DL algorithm over conventional radiomics.
Immunotherapy for Recurrent Glioma—From Bench to Bedside
Authors: Pu Yi , Zhou Guanyu , Zhao Kejia , Chen Yaohui , Shen Shensi
Published: June 2023

Glioma is the most aggressive malignant tumor of the central nervous system, and most patients suffer from a recurrence. Unfortunately, recurrent glioma often becomes resistant to established chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments. Immunotherapy, a rapidly developing anti-tumor therapy, has shown a potential value in treating recurrent glioma. Multiple immune strategies have been explored. The most-used ones are immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies, which are barely effective in monotherapy. However, when combined with other immunotherapy, especially with anti-angiogenesis antibodies, ICB has shown encouraging efficacy and enhanced anti-tumor immune response. Oncolytic viruses and CAR-T therapies have shown promising results in recurrent glioma through multiple mechanisms. Vaccination strategies and immune-cell-based immunotherapies are promising in some subgroups of patients, and multiple new tumor antigenic targets have been discovered. In this review, we discuss current applicable immunotherapies and related mechanisms for recurrent glioma, focusing on multiple preclinical models and clinical trials in the last 5 years. Through reviewing the current combination of immune strategies, we would like to provide substantive thoughts for further novel therapeutic regimes treating recurrent glioma.
Unlocking the Potential of Circulating miRNAs in the Breast Cancer Neoadjuvant Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tiberio Paola , Gaudio Mariangela , Belloni Silvia , Pindilli Sebastiano , Benvenuti Chiara , Jacobs Flavia , Saltalamacchia Giuseppe , Zambelli Alberto , Santoro Armando , De Sanctis Rita
Published: June 2023

The potential role of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers in breast cancer (BC) management has been widely reported. However, the numerous discrepancies between studies in this regard hinders the implementation of circulating miRNAs in routine clinical practice. In the context of BC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), the possibility of predicting NAC response may lead to prognostic improvements by individualizing post-neoadjuvant therapy. In this context, the present meta-analysis aims to clarify circulating miRNAs’ predictive role with respect to NAC response among BC patients. We conducted a comprehensive literature search on five medical databases until 16 February 2023. We pooled the effect sizes of each study by applying a random-effects model. Cochran’s Q test (p-level of significance set at 0.05) scores and I2 values were assessed to determine between-study heterogeneity. The PROBAST (Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool) tool was used to evaluate the selected studies’ risk of bias. Overall, our findings support the hypothesis that circulating miRNAs, specifically miR-21-5p and miR-155-5p, may act as predictive biomarkers in the neoadjuvant setting among BC patients. However, due to the limited number of studies included in this meta-analysis and the high degrees of clinical and statistical heterogeneity, further research is required to confirm the predictive power of circulating miR-21-5p and miR-155-5p.
A New Mixed-Metal Phosphate as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction
Authors: Chowdhury Avik , Bhattacharjee Sudip , Chongdar Sayantan , Malakar Bhabani , Maity Anindita , Bhaumik Asim
Published: June 2023

The escalating demand for the cost-effective synthesis of valuable fine chemicals has fueled the search for sustainable heterogeneous catalysts. Among these catalytic reactions, Knoevenagel condensation has emerged as a very demanding reaction due to its involvement in the synthesis of new C–C bond formation. Porous metal phosphates have attracted significant attention in catalysis due to their unique surface properties. In this study, we report the synthesis of a novel porous magnesium aluminum phosphate (MALPO) material through a hydrothermal template-free approach. MALPO exhibited very promising specific surface area and hierarchical porosity. Moreover, the plate-like morphology of the material can enhance the exposure of the catalytic sites located at the surfaces, leading to enhanced catalytic activity. MALPO demonstrated excellent catalytic performance, yielding a series of Knoevenagel products with up to 99% yield. Notably, the catalyst displayed remarkable recyclability, retaining its structural integrity throughout multiple reaction cycles. The findings highlight the potential of porous mixed-metal phosphates, exemplified by MALPO, as sustainable and efficient base catalyst for the synthesis of value-added chemicals, contributing to the growing demand of the chemical industry. Further investigations are warranted to explore their catalytic potential in diverse chemical transformations and optimize their performance for large-scale operations.
Mesoporous Copper-Cerium Mixed Oxide Catalysts for Aerobic Oxidation of Vanillyl Alcohol
Authors: Nazeer Silligandla , Sitaramulu Palli , Yogendra Kamma , Kumar Palnati Manoj , Reddy Benjaram M. , Venkateshwar Rao Tumula
Published: June 2023

The production of vanillin from lignin-derived vanillyl alcohol poses a great deal of research interest because of the availability of renewable lignin in abundant quantities. In the present study, a series of copper-doped ceria (CeO2) catalysts were prepared by a modified template-assisted method, characterized by various techniques, and explored for the oxidation of vanillyl alcohol to vanillin with molecular oxygen as the oxidant at normal atmospheric pressure. Interestingly, a 10% Cu-doped ceria (Cu0.1Ce0.9O2−δ) catalyst exhibited superior catalytic activity for the oxidation of vanillyl alcohol with 95% and 100% conversions at atmospheric and moderate pressures, respectively, with 100% vanillin selectivity in both cases. A thorough characterization (XRD, BET surface area, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, XPS, and H2-TPR) of the synthesized mesoporous oxides (CuO, CeO2, Cu0.05Ce0.95O2−δ, Cu0.1Ce0.9O2−δ, and Cu0.15Ce0.85O2−δ) revealed that mixed oxide catalysts exhibit more oxygen vacancies and better redox behavior in comparison to the single oxides, which lead to improved catalytic activity and selectivity. Reaction parameters, such as reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst amount, and the solvent, were also optimized for the reaction.
Superparamagnetic Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles as Visible-Light Active Photocatalyst for Efficient Degradation of Selected Textile Dye in Water
Authors: Ullah Rabid , Khitab Fatima , Gul Hajera , Khattak Rozina , Ihsan Junaid , Khan Mansoor , Khan Abbas , Vincevica-Gaile Zane , Aouissi Hani Amir
Published: June 2023

Photocatalysis is a promising technology for the degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants in water. In this study, superparamagnetic zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnFe2O4) were synthesized and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) of ZnFe2O4 were observed to have a photosensitive nature and showed characteristic visible-light-induced activation that was used for the photocatalytic degradation of a textile dye, Remazol brilliant violet 5R (RBV-5R). The effect of different operational parameters such as pH, H2O2, catalyst dosage, concentration of RBV-5R and the reusability of ZnFe2O4 as well as scavengers were investigated under visible irradiation. The almost complete degradation (99.9%) of RBV-5R was observed at pH 10, 0.1 g of ZnFe2O4 and 6 mM of H2O2 in 30 min. The photocatalytic degradation of RBV-5R followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The mineralization was calculated from total organic carbon (TOC) that was represented by 82% TOC removal in 30 min. The results revealed that visible-light-induced ZnFe2O4 photocatalysis may be a promising technology for the elimination of toxic organic dyes, such as RBV-5R, from water resources.
The Inflammatory Contribution of B-Lymphocytes and Neutrophils in Progression to Osteoporosis
Authors: Frase Drew , Lee Chi , Nachiappan Chidambaram , Gupta Richa , Akkouch Adil
Published: June 2023

Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by structural deterioration and low bone mass, leading to fractures and significant health complications. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which B-lymphocytes and neutrophils contribute to the development of osteoporosis and potential therapeutics targeting these immune mediators to reduce the proinflammatory milieu. B-lymphocytes—typically appreciated for their canonical role in adaptive, humoral immunity—have emerged as critical regulators of bone remodeling. B-lymphocytes communicate with osteoclasts and osteoblasts through various cytokines, including IL-7, RANK, and OPG. In inflammatory conditions, B-lymphocytes promote osteoclast activation and differentiation. However, B-lymphocytes also possess immunomodulatory properties, with regulatory B-lymphocytes (Bregs) secreting TGF-β1 to restrain pathogenic osteoclastogenesis. Neutrophils, the body’s most prevalent leukocyte, also contribute to the proinflammatory environment that leads to osteoporotic bone remodeling. In aged individuals, neutrophils display reduced chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and apoptosis. Understanding the delicate interplay between B-lymphocytes and neutrophils in the context of impaired bone metabolism is crucial for targeted therapies for osteoporosis.
Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Diagnostic Cytology and Genomic Testing for Hematologic Disorders
Authors: Gedefaw Lealem , Liu Chia-Fei , Ip Rosalina Ka Ling , Tse Hing-Fung , Yeung Martin Ho Yin , Yip Shea Ping , Huang Chien-Ling
Published: June 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly evolving field of computer science that involves the development of computational programs that can mimic human intelligence. In particular, machine learning and deep learning models have enabled the identification and grouping of patterns within data, leading to the development of AI systems that have been applied in various areas of hematology, including digital pathology, alpha thalassemia patient screening, cytogenetics, immunophenotyping, and sequencing. These AI-assisted methods have shown promise in improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, identifying novel biomarkers, and predicting treatment outcomes. However, limitations such as limited databases, lack of validation and standardization, systematic errors, and bias prevent AI from completely replacing manual diagnosis in hematology. In addition, the processing of large amounts of patient data and personal information by AI poses potential data privacy issues, necessitating the development of regulations to evaluate AI systems and address ethical concerns in clinical AI systems. Nonetheless, with continued research and development, AI has the potential to revolutionize the field of hematology and improve patient outcomes. To fully realize this potential, however, the challenges facing AI in hematology must be addressed and overcome.
Zinc-Doped Bioactive Glass/Polycaprolactone Hybrid Scaffolds Manufactured by Direct and Indirect 3D Printing Methods for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Elahpour Nafise , Niesner Isabella , Bossard Cédric , Abdellaoui Nora , Montouillout Valérie , Fayon Franck , Taviot-Guého Christine , Frankenbach Tina , Crispin Alexander , Khosravani Pardis , Holzapfel Boris Michael , Jallot Edouard , Mayer-Wagner Susanne , Lao Jonathan
Published: June 2023

A novel organic–inorganic hybrid, based on SiO2-CaO-ZnO bioactive glass (BG) and polycaprolactone (PCL), associating the highly bioactive and versatile bioactive glass with clinically established PCL was examined. The BG–PCL hybrid is obtained by acid-catalyzed silica sol–gel process inside PCL solution either by direct or indirect printing. Apatite-formation tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirm the ion release along with the hybrid’s bone-like apatite forming. Kinetics differ significantly between directly and indirectly printed scaffolds, the former requiring longer periods to degrade, while the latter demonstrates faster calcium phosphate (CaP) formation. Remarkably, Zn diffusion and accumulation are observed at the surface within the newly formed active CaP layer. Zn release is found to be dependent on printing method and immersion medium. Investigation of BG at the atomic scale reveals the ambivalent role of Zn, capable of acting both as a network modifier and as a network former linking the BG silicate network. In addition, hMSCs viability assay proves no cytotoxicity of the Zn hybrid. LIVE/DEAD staining demonstrated excellent cell viability and proliferation for over seven weeks. Overall, this hybrid material either non-doped or doped with a metal trace element is a promising candidate to be translated to clinical applications for bone regeneration.
The Metabotropic Glutamate 5 Receptor in Sleep and Wakefulness: Focus on the Cortico-Thalamo-Cortical Oscillations
Authors: Ngomba Richard Teke , Lüttjohann Annika , Dexter Aaron , Ray Swagat , van Luijtelaar Gilles
Published: June 2023

Sleep is an essential innate but complex behaviour which is ubiquitous in the animal kingdom. Our knowledge of the distinct neural circuit mechanisms that regulate sleep and wake states in the brain are, however, still limited. It is therefore important to understand how these circuits operate during health and disease. This review will highlight the function of mGlu5 receptors within the thalamocortical circuitry in physiological and pathological sleep states. We will also evaluate the potential of targeting mGlu5 receptors as a therapeutic strategy for sleep disorders that often co-occur with epileptic seizures.
RNA Methyltransferase METTL16’s Protein Domains Have Differential Functional Effects on Cell Processes
Authors: Talic Emily S. , Wooten Ashley , Zeczycki Tonya N. , Mansfield Kyle D.
Published: June 2023

METTL16, a human m6A RNA methyltransferase, is currently known for its modification of U6 and MAT2A RNAs. Several studies have identified additional RNAs to which METTL16 binds, however whether METTL16 modifies these RNAs is still in question. Moreover, a recent study determined that METTL16 contains more than one RNA-binding domain, leaving the importance of each individual RNA-binding domain unknown. Here we examined the effects of mutating the METTL16 protein in certain domains on overall cell processes. We chose to mutate the N-terminal RNA-binding domain, the methyltransferase domain, and the C-terminal RNA-binding domain. With these mutants, we identified changes in RNA-binding ability, protein and RNA expression, cell cycle phase occupancy, and proliferation. From the resulting changes in RNA and protein expression, we saw effects on cell cycle, metabolism, intracellular transport, and RNA processing pathways, which varied between the METTL16 mutant lines. We also saw significant effects on the G1 and S phase occupancy times and proliferative ability with some but not all the mutants. We have therefore concluded that while METTL16 may or may not m6A-modify all RNAs it binds, its binding (or lack of) has a significant outcome on a variety of cell processes.
Climate Change Impact Assessment on Ski Tourism in Greece: Case Study of the Parnassos Ski Resort
Authors: Tsilogianni Dimitra , Cartalis Constantinos , Philippopoulos Kostas
Published: June 2023

The sustainability of ski tourism is directly related to the prevailing climatic conditions. This study investigates the impact of climate change on the sector of ski tourism in Greece. For this purpose, the current situation is assessed and the changes in underlying climatic parameters (temperature, snow cover, snow depth) are examined on the basis of a selected climatic scenario (RCP 4.5) for ski tourism in Greece in general, but also for the specific case of the Parnassos ski resort (PSR). The results refer to the period 2051–2060 compared to 1971–1980 and show a clear increase in temperature and a considerable decrease in snow cover and snowfall throughout the Greek territory, as well as in the special case of PSR. The results for specific snow indicators (duration of the snow season, number of days with an amount of at least 100 and 120 kg m−2 of natural, groomed, or managed snow, and potential snowmaking hours for wet bulb temperature lower than −2 and −5 °C) from climate projections for the 1971–2099 period further highlight the risk for mountain tourism in Greece. Decreasing trends for all examined parameters are found for the RCP 4.5 and the RCP 8.5 scenarios. In light of these findings, necessary adaptation measures against climate change are proposed in order to maintain the viability of the ski tourism sector in Greece.
Coastal Dynamics Analysis Based on Orbital Remote Sensing Big Data and Multivariate Statistical Models
Authors: da Silva Ferreira Anderson Targino , de Oliveira Regina Célia , Ribeiro Maria Carolina Hernandez , Grohmann Carlos Henrique , Siegle Eduardo
Published: June 2023

As the interface between land and water, coastlines are highly dynamic and intricately tied to the sediment budget. These regions have a high functional diversity and require enlightened management to preserve their value for the future. In this study we assess changes to the São Paulo State (SE Brazil) coastline over the last 36 years. The study innovatively employs big data remote sensing techniques and multivariate statistical models to evaluate and generate erosion/accretion rates (1985–2021) relative to beach orientation and slope. Shoreline change rates have been obtained for sandy beaches at 485 one-kilometer-spaced transects. Our findings capture the complexity and heterogeneity of the analyzed coastline, at a regional and local scale. No association was found between shoreline changes and beach face orientation. Nonetheless, a dependency relationship was found between dissipative beaches with moderate to high accretion. Beaches facing south, with relative stability, were prone to sediment accumulation. Locations with slow accretion, like sandy spits and tombolo-protected beaches, were associated with dissipative beaches with moderate to high accretion. The southeast-oriented beaches are more prone to erosion due to storm waves from the south. Results provide a broad, fast, and relatively low-cost methodology that can be used in any sandy beach context, bringing essential information for coastal management and decision-making related to the use and occupation of the coastal zones.
The Influence of Different Types of Expandable Graphite on the Thermal Resistance of Spruce Wood
Authors: Kmeťová Elena , Kačíková Danica , Jurczyková Tereza , Kačík František
Published: June 2023

In order to not limit the possibilities of using wood due to its flammability, the implementation of fire protection is an essential requirement. An integral part of the research on the fire protection of wood is the determination of the effectiveness of the applied protective means and their effect on changing its behavior under fire conditions. In this work, samples of spruce wood (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) (50 mm × 40 mm × 10 mm) were treated with an aqueous solution of sodium silicate and different types of expandable graphite flakes that were applied to the surface of the samples. The fire characteristics of the samples were studied using a non-standard test method, the radiant heat source test, which was used to determine the mass loss, burning rate, and ignition time of the test samples, and the measurement was carried out via visual recording with a thermal camera. The results of the laboratory test method showed a significant positive effect of the application of all types of expandable graphite flakes. The main insight is that a suitable wood modification using expandable graphite flakes in combination with water glass has the potential to reduce mass loss by at least 73 ± 3% and reduce the temperature rise on the surface of the sample. The lower temperature of the surface of the burning material reduces the possibility of heat transfer to the surrounding materials and thus reduces the rate of fire spread.
Interaction of Aluminum and Platinum Surfaces with the Ionic Liquids 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide
Authors: Krebs Fabien , Höfft Oliver , Endres Frank
Published: June 2023

The processes at the interface between ionic liquids (ILs) and metals are a key factor for understanding especially in electrochemical deposition, nanoscale tribology applications and batteries. In the present work, the interfaces of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Py1,4]TFSI) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIm]TFSI) and platinum and aluminum were investigated by depositing thin IL films and studying them with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in ultrahigh vacuum. It is found that there is no evidence of a decomposition reaction of either IL on platinum; however, the imidazolium cation of [EMIm]TFSI shows a strong interaction with the surface in the monolayer regime. In contrast, [Py1,4]TFSI and [EMIm]TFSI show massive decomposition on the aluminum surface without applying any electrochemical potential. The spectra for the [TFSI]− anion components show cleavage of C-F or N-S bonds in both cases. Both cleavage of a single fluorine atom and complete cleavage were observed, leading to further decomposition reactions of the anion. Consequently, new components such as AlOOH, Al(OH)3, Al2S3, Al2(SO4)3 and AlF3 appear at the interface. In addition, there is also evidence of decomposition of the cation by the splitting off hydrogen atoms or parts of the alkyl chain in both ILs.
Analytical and Numerical Results for the Diffusion-Reaction Equation When the Reaction Coefficient Depends on Simultaneously the Space and Time Coordinates
Authors: Askar Ali Habeeb , Nagy Ádám , Barna Imre Ferenc , Kovács Endre
Published: June 2023

We utilize the travelling-wave Ansatz to obtain novel analytical solutions to the linear diffusion–reaction equation. The reaction term is a function of time and space simultaneously, firstly in a Lorentzian form and secondly in a cosine travelling-wave form. The new solutions contain the Heun functions in the first case and the Mathieu functions for the second case, and therefore are highly nontrivial. We use these solutions to test some non-conventional explicit and stable numerical methods against the standard explicit and implicit methods, where in the latter case the algebraic equation system is solved by the preconditioned conjugate gradient and the GMRES solvers. After this verification, we also calculate the transient temperature of a 2D surface subjected to the cooling effect of the wind, which is a function of space and time again. We obtain that the explicit stable methods can reach the accuracy of the implicit solvers in orders of magnitude shorter time.
Harnessing Antiviral Peptides as Means for SARS-CoV-2 Control
Authors: Zarkesh Khatereh , Akbarian Mohsen , Tayebi Lobat , Uversky Vladimir N. , Rubio-Casillas Alberto , Redwan Elrashdy M.
Published: June 2023

Several times during the past two decades, epidemic viral diseases created global challenges. Although many solutions have been proposed to deal with this tight spot, it is still believed that public vaccination represents the most effective strategy to handle it. So far, various kinds of vaccines including protein subunits, virus-like particles, inactivated, live attenuated, viral vectors, RNA, and DNA vaccines have been used in the prevention of COVID-19. Among the various categories of vaccines, peptide vaccines have created a new hope for quick and trustworthy access due to the development of proteomics equipment. This review specifically focuses on vaccines and peptide therapies in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). We consider here the efficacy and safety of subunit and synthetic peptides vaccine in clinical trial phases. Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies with the ability to suppress the development of SARS-CoV-2, those candidates that have entered into clinical trials until March 2023, were selected and evaluated.
Effects of Annealing on Surface Residual Impurities and Intrinsic Defects of β-Ga2O3
Authors: Wu Songhao , Liu Zichun , Yang Han , Wang Yeliang
Published: June 2023

In this study, the effects of annealing on the surface residual impurities and intrinsic defects of unintentionally doped (UID) β-Ga2O3 are investigated by adopting high-temperature thermal treatments at 1000 °C for 1 h under vacuum and O2 ambience. It is found that the recovery between the divacancies VGa+VO and interstitials (Oi) occurs during annealing, and the residual impurities are identified as Si and Cr, which are repelled toward the surface during annealing. Interestingly, these impurities occupy the formation of Ga vacancies (VGa) near the surface formed by oxygen annealing, consequently weakening the relevant impurity scattering and improving carrier mobility. Moreover, the carrier density of the samples is explored using temperature-dependent Hall measurements, which show a slight reduction in both vacuum and oxygen annealing. This reduction might be a result of the VGa pushing the Fermi level away from the conduction band. In addition, the activation energy of Si ions occupying VGa(I) is lower than that of the interstitial Si ions.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Anisakid Nematode Larvae (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in the Black Cusk eel Genypterus maculatus from the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru
Authors: Chero Jhon Darly , Ñacari Luis , Cruces Celso Luis , Lopez David Fermín , Cacique Edson , Severino Ruperto , Lopez Jorge , Luque José Luis , Saéz Gloria
Published: June 2023

The back cusk eel, Genypterus maculatus (Tschudi, 1846), (Ophiidiformes: Ophiididae) is one of the benthic-demersal fish usually consumed in northern Peru. Here, we identified the third stage (L3) Anisakidae sampled from 29 specimens of G. maculatus captured off the south American Pacific coast, Lambayeque Region, Peru. A total of 20 anisakid nematode larvae were collected on the visceral surface and divided morphologically into three types (Type I–III). These larvae were identified by mtDNA Cox2 sequences analysis, which indicated that corresponded to Anisakis pegreffii Campana-Rouget and Biocca, 1955, Skrjabinisakis physeteris (Baylis, 1923) and S. brevispiculata (Dollfus, 1966) Safonova, Voronova, and Vainutis, 2021, respectively. This is the first record of S. brevispiculata in Peru. The results obtained in this study provide knowledge on the diversity and distribution of Anisakis Dujardin, 1845 and Skrjabinisakis Mozgovoi, 1951, species in the south American Pacific waters and their relevance for public health. In addition, we suggest that combined use of molecular and morphological approaches is needed to characterize L3 anisakid larvae.
Microplastics Occurrence in Fish from Tocagua Lake, Low Basin Magdalena River, Colombia
Authors: Miranda-Peña Lindys , Urquijo Milena , Arana Victoria A. , García-Alzate Roberto , García-Alzate Carlos A. , Trilleras Jorge
Published: June 2023

Following global trends, research to determine the presence and abundance of microplastics (MPs) in environmental matrices in Colombia has focused on the coastal and marine environments. However, little scientific information is available on the impact of this pollutant on wetlands and fish. In this study, we provided scientific data on the occurrence and abundance of MPs in water and fish from Tocagua Lake, an important wetland in the Colombian Caribbean, and the unique habitat of wild cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). Water (72) and fish (228 individuals of six species) samples were collected during four sampling events and two climatic seasons (wet and dry). A total of 1174 microplastic particles were collected in water with an average abundance of microplastics at the six stations sampled during four sampling events of 0.96 ± 0.40 MPs/L, and 648 MPs were identified in the gastrointestinal tract of 191 individuals, corresponding to a frequency of occurrence of 83.7%. Black- and blue-colored fiber MPs were particles that predominated in both matrices (water and fish), and seven types of polymers were identified through attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The abundance, type, and color of MPs in water and fish were not significantly different between seasons.
Coexistence and Spatial Distribution of Invasive and Sylvatic Container-Breeding Mosquitoes in City–Forest Ecotone within the Brazilian Semi-arid
Authors: Rosa-Silva Hosana , Cardoso Julia G. , Reis-Júnior Ronaldo , Corgosinho Paulo H. C. , Faria Maurício L. , Ribeiro Sérvio P. , Abreu Filipe V. S. , Cuevas-Reyes Pablo , Borges Magno A. Z.
Published: June 2023

Aedes species are vectors of the most significant arboviruses in Brazil with the greatest health and economic impact in the country. However, little is known about the factors that influence the distribution of Aedes, as well as other container-breeding mosquitoes, especially on the border between urban and forest environments. Here, we tested the effect of three phytophysiognomies within the city–forest ecotone in the Brazilian semi-arid region on the spatial distribution of vector mosquitoes. We also investigated the effect of rainfall on the spatial distribution and abundance of mosquitoes and described the interspecific interactions between invasive and native mosquito species. Immatures were sampled during the rainy seasons of 2019–2020 (October 2019 to February 2020) and 2020–2021 (November 2020 to February 2021). In each sampled location, 30 ovitraps were installed in shaded areas. There was a predominance of the Aedes mosquitoes, especially Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti, while three species of Haemagogus (Hg. spegazzinii, Hg. janthinomys and Hg. leucocelaenus) were rarely found. The sylvatic mosquito Ae. terrens was abundant in areas with lower anthropic influence and during higher rainfall regimes with minimal pluviometric variation. This rainfall was also favorable for the presence of the predatory mosquito larvae Toxorhynchites theobaldi. The abundance of invasive Aedes species showed positive correlations with each other and negative correlations with the sylvatic Ae. terrens. Our results demonstrate that human occupation and the rainfall regime affect the interactions between invasive and sylvatic species of container mosquitoes.
Design for Additive Manufacturing: Recent Innovations and Future Directions
Authors: Egan Paul F.
Published: June 2023

Design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) provides a necessary framework for using novel additive manufacturing (AM) technologies for engineering innovations. Recent AM advances include shaping nickel-based superalloys for lightweight aerospace applications, reducing environmental impacts with large-scale concrete printing, and personalizing food and medical devices for improved health. Although many new capabilities are enabled by AM, design advances are necessary to ensure the technology reaches its full potential. Here, DfAM research is reviewed in the context of Fabrication, Generation, and Assessment phases that bridge the gap between AM capabilities and design innovations. Materials, processes, and constraints are considered during fabrication steps to understand AM capabilities for building systems with specified properties and functions. Design generation steps include conceptualization, configuration, and optimization to drive the creation of high-performance AM designs. Assessment steps are necessary for validating, testing, and modeling systems for future iterations and improvements. These phases provide context for discussing innovations in aerospace, automotives, construction, food, medicine, and robotics while highlighting future opportunities for design services, bio-inspired design, fabrication robots, and machine learning. Overall, DfAM has positively impacted diverse engineering applications, and further research has great potential for driving new developments in design innovation.