bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Uterine Blood Flow in Non‐Pregnant Women by Electromagnetic Flowmeter: Effect of oxytocin
Authors: Klingenberg Inge
Published: December 2009

Abstract.Blood flow in one uterine artery was measured by the electromagnetic flowmeter method in non‐pregnant women undergoing surgery. Due to difficulties in dissecting and exposing the uterine artery, statisfactory signals for estimating blood flow were obtained in only 10 out of 22 patients. Most of them had uterine myomas. Mean blood flow in one uterine artery was found to be 53.5 ml/min. After injection of oxytocin blood flow was reduced to 22 to 74% of controls, except in one patient, where no flow change was observed. Methergin administered in 3 patients caused no changes in uterine blood flow.
Fetal Chromosome Analysis After Transcervical Placental Biopsies During Early Pregnancy
Authors: Kullander S. , Sandahl B.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. With an endocervicoscope 5 mm in diameter, and a fibre‐optic system, it was possible to biopsy the chorion through the cervical canal, during early human pregnancies from 8 to 20 weeks of duration. 39 patients who applied for legal abortion were examined. Growth in tissue culture, with a sufficient number of mitotic figures for sexing and chromosomal analysis was obtained in 20 out of 41 tests after 2–3 weeks. The karyotypes from the biopsy specimens were found to be normal and agreed with respect to sex with the legally aborted fetuses. 19 cases observed for between 7 and 43 days following the biopsy did not show any disturbance of the pregnancy during that time. The practical usefulness of this technique, which was also tried in two cases of imminent abortion, is discussed.
Serum Levels of FSH and LH Following Normal Parturition
Authors: Said Sami A. H. , Wide Leif
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Follicle‐stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing hormones (LH) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 133 serum samples after parturition from 10 normal healthy women. All cases were investigated at weekly intervals till resumption of menstruation and during the first menstrual cycle. The postpartum period, defined as the time between delivery and resumption of menstruation, was divided into: lactation, partial lactation and non‐lactation periods. Low or non‐detectable FSH values were found during the first 2 weeks post partum. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was detected in the samples obtained during the first 2 weeks after delivery. During the remaining period of sampling, both FSH and LH concentrations were within the range found in the normal menstrual cycle excluding the midcycle peak. No LH values in the range of the midcycle peak could be detected in any of the samples obtained during the three periods. The average serum FSH value during lactation was significantly lower than that found during the period of non‐lactation. This significant difference was attributed to the low FSH levels found during the first 2 weeks after delivery. During non‐lactation the mean serum FSH concentration was significantly higher than that of the luteal phase but similar to that of the follicular phase of the ovulatory control cycles.
The Transfer of Diazepam Across the Placenta During Labour
Authors: Erkkola R. , Kangas L. , Pekkarinen A.
Published: December 2009

The transfer of diazepam through the placenta during labour was studied by the gas chromatographic method developed by us using a Ni63‐electron capture detector. 10 mg of diazepam was given intramuscularly to 37 patients during the first stage of labour 5‐401 min before delivery, after which blood samples were immediately collected from the umbilical cord and the maternal vein. Diazepam was found in all the plasma samples with very great individual variation in the concentrations. In one particular case, in which the delivery took place 5 minutes after the diazepam injection, the corresponding diazepam concentrations in the cord plasma and in the maternal plasma were 506 ng/ml and 504 ng/ml. In 31 cord plasma samples collected 26‐401 min after the diazepam injection the mean diazepam concentration was 70 ng/ml, and in the maternal plasma was 38 ng/ml. The average foetal/maternal concentration ratio during the same time period was 2.0 and in the whole series 1.8. Neither the diazepam concentrations in the cord plasma nor the foetal/maternal ratios of the concentrations had any significant influence on the Apgar scores of the newborns. The cause of the diazepam accumulation in the foetal circulation is unclear. The better binding of diazepam with the foetal plasma proteins is discussed. The importance of individual drug doses to parturients according to their weight is emphasized.
Response to Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Factor (LRF) in Normal Subjects and Anovulatory Patients
Authors: Nakano Ryosuke , Kotsuji Fumikazu , Mizuno Tadayoshi , Hashiba Nobuyuki , Washio Motoo , Tojo Shimpei
Published: December 2009

Recently the following decapeptide sequence for porcine luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF) was proposed by Schally's group: (Pyro) Glu‐His‐Trp‐Ser‐Gly‐Leu‐Arg‐Pro‐Gly‐NH2. The polypeptide corresponding to this structure has been synthetized and this synthetic LRF is now available for clinical study. Intravenous administration of synthetic LRF in dose of 200 μg stimulated a rise in serum LH and FSH in normal subjects. Most anovulatory patients showed approximately the same degree of response to LRF. No rise in serum LH or FSH occurred in an anovulatory patient with panhypopituitarism following injection of 200 μg of LRF. It may be concluded that synthetic LRF is convenient means for testing the integrity of the human pituitary for LH and FSH secretion.
The Effect of Paracervical Block on Cervical Dilatation and Uterine Activity
Authors: Jenssen Helge
Published: December 2009

Abstract. This investigation was carried out to determine whether paracervical block (PCB) has any effect on the duration of the first stage of labour, relating the speed of cervical dilatation to uterine activity. Uterine activity was measured by internal tocometry and calculated in Montevideo units (MU).

Fourty patients were selected and allocated in random manner to a PCB or a control group, the patients in the latter receiving other kinds of analgesia. Oxytocin was given when required, to assure a steady and fairly high degree of uterine activity. Four patients were excluded.

The mean duration of the first stage of labour, from cervical dilatation 2 to 10 cm, was 161 minutes in the PCB group, 237 minutes in the control group.

Uterine activity, calculated as total MU needed for each cm of cervical dilatation, was reduced after PCB, the differences being statistically significant for increments from 3 to 8 cm cervical dilatation inclusive.

PCB caused a transient reduction in frequency of contractions, and a relative fall in amniotic pressure between contractions.

It is concluded that PCB facilitates cervical dilatation by inhibiting muscular contraction in the lower uterine segment.
Fetal and Maternal pH Measurements
Authors: Rooth G. , McBride R. , Ivy B. J.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Maternal and fetal acid‐base changes in a series of 56 normal cases from Edmonton, Canada, are compared with a similar series from Lund, Sweden, published by Jacobson. During labour, pH in the mother and in the fetus falls in Lund, but not in Edmonton. The mothers labour hard in Lund and are more sedated in Edmonton. The pH difference (δpH) between the maternal and fetal blood is about 0.10 in both series.

In another series of 61 cases classified as abnormal because of changes in fetal heart rate or meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, the mean δpH was 0.15. δpH was correlated to the fetal scalp pO2 and oxygen saturation and there was a significant drop in fetal oxygenation when ≤pH increased.

It is suggested that fetal preacidosis be redefined as δpH 0.15–0.19 and acidosis δpH≤0.20 pH units.
Adjustments of the Circulation to Orthostatic Reaction and Physical Exercise During the First Trimester of Primipregnancy
Authors: Sandström Bo
Published: December 2009

Abstract.The orthostatic pulse reaction, physical working capacity on the bicycle ergometer, total haemoglobin content and the heart volume in the supine position were determined on two different occasions in ten primigravidae, all of whom were in the first trimester of pregnancy at the first examination. The second examination was performed 2 weeks after legal abortion. The orthostatic reaction on standing upright for a period of 8 min was more pronounced during pregnancy than following abortion. The physical working capacity at a pulse rate of 170/min was lower during pregnancy than 2 weeks after abortion. There was no difference in the heart volume in the supine position, nor in the total haemoglobin content at the times in question. The circulatory haemodynamics seem to be changed in early pregnancy so as to resemble those of the vasoregulatory asthenia syndrome.
The Simultaneous Function of Catechol‐O‐Methyltransferase and Monoamine Oxidase in Human Placenta
Authors: Castrén O. , Saarikoski S.
Published: December 2009

Abstract.Norepinephrine (NE) metabolism in 18 fresh, healthy and full‐term placentas was studied. It was found that, in vitro, metabolism takes place in an oxygen atmosphere mainly through the action of monoamineoxidase (MAO). A reduction in the oxygen component pressure weakened the activity of MAO but not significantly that of catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT). Increase in acidity also reduced MAO activity, but its fall to a level as low as pH 8.4 did not significantly affect the activity of either enzyme. After the addition of MgCl2and Sadenosyl methionine a significant increase in the NMN share during 10 min incubation was noted. However, these additions did not improve the decomposition of NE but reduced the proportion of DOMA. Pyrogallol failed to inhibit COMT but produced a significant reduction in the proportion of dihydroxymandelic acid (DOMA). Increase in acidity and CO2and the fall in O2content, all found in the placenta in connection with foetal asphyxia, individually reduced the decomposition of NE.
Value of Determination of F.D.P. During Pregnancy by Immunochemical and Latex Agglutination Inhibition Methods
Authors: Svanberg Lars , Hedner Ulla , Åstedt Birger
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In toxaemia, hepatosis, placental insufficiency, and other complications of pregnancy, fibrin deposits occur in the kidney, liver and placenta. When broken down these products appear in the blood as fibrin degradation products (F.D.P.). The value of repeated immunochemical determinations of F.D.P. was investigated in the serum of 705 pregnant women. F.D.P. in concentrations of 5 to 40 μg/ml were found in 78% patients who later developed clinical complications, particularly toxaemia and hepatosis. Further, a rapid latex‐agglutination‐inhibition test was evaluated. At concentrations of F.D.P. above 15 μg/ml complete agreement was found between the results of this test and those of the immunochemical method.
Determination of Biparietal Diameter by the Ultrasonic B‐Scan Technique
Authors: Aantaa K. , Forss M.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. One thousand four hundred and forty‐eight biparietal measurements were performed on 1 062 un‐selected patients between the 24th‐42nd weeks of gestation. 869 patients had a single measurement and 193 patients had two or more measurements. The B‐scan method was used for the measurements. The fetal age estimated from the biparietal measurement was compared with the calculated maturity based on the last menstrual cycle.
Changes in Hemoglobin Concentration and Hematocrit During the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Vellar Odd D.
Published: December 2009

Abstract.In a series of 477 women of child‐bearing age, altogether 1270 blood samples were tested for hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (Hb, Hct and MCHC) and the results plotted against a normal menstrual cycle. There was a pronounced tendency towards an increase of Hb together with Hct from the early menstrual phase until the post‐ovulatory period, with a subsequent decrease towards the end of the cycle. No cyclical pattern of MCHC was observed. These variations in hematological parameters are in good agreement with present knowledge of the hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle.
DIETARY IRON ABSORPTION IN PREGNANCY‐A LONGITUDINAL STUDY WITH REPEATED MEASUREMENTS OF NON‐HAEME IRON ABSORPTION FROM WHOLE DIET
Authors: Svanberg Bernhard , Arvidsson Bertil , Björn‐Rasmussen Erik , Hallberg Leif , Rossander Lena , Swolin Birgitta
Published: December 2009

Abstract.In 22 healthy women the non‐haeme iron absorption (bone‐marrow smears and haematological parameters) was studied at the 12th, the 24th and the 36th week of gestation and two months after delivery.

In eight non‐pregnant women and in seven pregnant women (at the 36th week of gestation) the absorption of food iron was measured from different types of meals. The iron absorption was measured from radioironlabelled test meals using a whole‐body counter with a very high sensitivity.

During pregnancy the non‐haeme iron absorption increased continuously from Less than 1 % in early pregnancy to almost 15 % in late pregnancy. Calculations indicated that the amount of iron absorbed from the diet covered only about half of the demands.

The increasing absorption of food iron during pregnancy seems to be related to the still more increasing demands. However, the very low absorption values in early pregnancy was quite unexpected. The amount of iron absorbed was actually below the basal demands, which means that even in early pregnancy, for reasons unknown, there is a negative iron balance. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the significance of this finding.

Two months after delivery the absorption of iron from the diet was increased compared to in non‐pregnant women and exceeded the demands at that phase thus indieating that a positive iron balance was achieved.
The Hazards of Vacuum Aspiration in Late First Trimester Abortions
Authors: Moberg Peter , Sjöberg Bertil , Wiqvist Nils
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The incidence of somatic complications in connection with legal termination of pregnancy by vacuum aspiration was analysed in 1 123 hospital patients. Special attention was paid to complication rates in relation to gestational age. It was found that the incidence of major uterine haemorrhage increased with gestational period, being unexpectedly high in the 12th week. When anaesthesia was supplemented with halothane there was a significantly higher incidence of uterine haemorrhage than when this anaesthetic was avoided. The results indicate that strict principles for the operation procedure are mandatory to reduce blood loss and other complications. It is suggested that the end of the 12th week should not be considered as a “magic” time limit for vacuum aspiration but that the policy should aim at early intervention, preferably before the end of the 10th week. In the event of late first trimester abortions or “border line” cases it is of advantage to administer prostaglandin extra‐amniotically for pre‐operative dilatation of the cervix.
Fibrinogen‐Fibrin Degradation Products in Menstrual Blood from Women with Normal and Excessive Menstrual Blood Losses
Authors: Hahn Lennart , Rybo Göran
Published: December 2009

Abstract.Fibrinogen‐fibrin degradation products, FDP, in menstrual blood during the first three days of menstrual blood during the first three days of menstruation have been investigated. Two groups of women were studied, those with normal menstrual blood loss (15 women, mean loss 30 ml, range 8‐430 ml) and those with menorrhagia (14 women, mean loss 222 ml, range 107–729 ml). The following results were obtained: 1) The FDP concentrations decreased during menstruation in both groups. 2) The FDP concentrations in the two groups were compared for each day of the menstrual period. No differences were found between the two groups. A possible explanation of the results is given: there is a higher rate of coagulation and fibrinolysis in the endometrium of women with menorrhagia compared with women with normal blood losses. The hypothesis is supported by results of studies in which tranexamic acid, an inhibitor of fibrinolysis, was given to reduce the menstrual blood loss. 3) The FDP excretion patterns differed from woman to woman. There were no consistent differences between the menorrhagic and the control group.
Renographic Evaluation of Renal Excretion in Hydronephrosis of Pregnancy
Authors: Bergström H.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The functional significance of renographic delay in excretion observed in connection with chiefly unilateral “physiologic” hydronephrosis of pregnancy was analyzed in 10 cases. The delay was found to be entirely or predominantly due to the reservoir effect of the dilated urinary tract. A moderate reduction of urinary flow on the affected side was suggested to contribute to the impairment in only 3 of the 10 cases. Interpretation of the degree of urinary obstruction as judged by renography should be cautious. This applies especially to the assessment of complete obstruction, which should be diagnosed only after considering the reservoir effect of the dilated tract.
Diazepam as a Sedative in Induced Abortion
Authors: Nielsen Joachim Boss , Madsen Ole Guldberg , Campbell Ulla Dige
Published: December 2009

Abstract.In 136 patients, who underwent induced abortion by the vacuum curettage method under local anaesthesia (paracervical block), the effect of 10 mg diazepam intravenously as preoperative sedative was investigated for its ability to abolish the subjective experience of pain. The trial was carried out as a paired sample, random allocation, double‐blind, fixed dose trial, and the statistical method was sequential analysis. Thirty‐six pairs showed no difference and were excluded. After 32 pairs (24 A preferences and 8 O preferences), diazepam showed a significant superiority to placebo (p<0.05) (Fig. 1.) Amnesia for the procedure was reported by about one‐quarter of the diazepam‐treated patients, and in practically all cases the sedative effect had subsided 1–3 hours after the operation.
Studies in Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Authors: Johnson P. , Olegård R. , Samsioe G. , Gustafson A.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The influence of cholestasis of pregnancy (CP) on liver lipid synthesis as reflected by the composition of serum phosphoglycerides was studied in 28 pregnant women in the last trimester by means of gas‐liquid‐chromatography (GLC). All patients complained of pruritus and had immunologically detectable lipoprotein‐X (LP‐X) in serum. Twenty women with uncomplicated pregnancies served as a control series. In lecithin, low palmitic acid (16:0) and high oleic acid (18: 1 (n‐9)) were found which appear to be characteristic for CP. The increased oleic acid suggests an enhanced liver lecithin synthesis through the cytidine‐diphosphate di‐glyceride pathway. Measurement of the concentrations of lecithin from the gas‐liquid‐chromatograms was made possible by the use of an internal standard fatty acid added, which gave a linear relation to direct determination of lecithin. For further studies of influences of cholestasis of pregnancy on the relative fatty acid composition, lecithin was chosen because differences between lecithin (PC) and phosphoglycerides (GPL) were found, evidently due to mutual variations among the three components in GPL (lecithin, cephalin and lyso‐lecithin).
The Diagnostic Value of Renography in Suspected Obstruction of the Urinary Tract During, Pregnancy
Authors: Bergström H.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The renographic pattern of excretion in 93 pregnant women with clinically suspected obstruction of the urinary tract was not found to differ significantly from what could be expected on the basis of previous reports concerning “normal” pregnancy. It is concluded that in pregnancy the renographic diagnosis of possible “pathological” urinary tract obstruction is seriously impeded by the very high incidence of impaired excretion of “physiological” character, especially on the right side. In cases of pain suggesting urinary tract obstruction, the finding of even severely impaired excretion does not conclusively establish an etiological relationship. The main importance of renography is to exclude or confirm abnormalities of renal uptake function which may require further investigation or treatment during, or after, pregnancy. Immediately following delivery, persisting renographic impairment of excretion suggests an obstruction of “pathological” significance.
ANALYSIS OF A MULTICENTRE TRIAL OF A NEW LOW‐DOSE ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE IN GREAT BRITAIN
Authors: Bye P. G. T.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. An oral contraceptive containing D‐norgestrel 150 μg. and ethinol oestradiol 30 μg. (Neovletta®) was tested in 682 British women during more than 6,000 cycles. The pregnancy rate was 0.2 per 100 womanyears with the exclusion of pregnancies that followed admitted errors of tablet‐taking, and 0.8 per 100 woman‐years when they were included. 92.2 per cent of cycles were within 28 ± 3 days. Withdrawal‐bleeding was missed in 3.3 per cent of cycles. Spotting occurred in 9.3 per cent of cycles and breakthrough bleeding in 5.8 per cent. Total bleeding averaged 4.71 days per cycle. Concurrent symptoms likely to be attributable to the pill were few and only 10.3 per cent of subjects withdrew because of them. It can be concluded that this formulation is extremely well tolerated and highly effective.
Decrease in the Mortality Rates for Low‐Birth‐Weight Infants After Phenobarbitone Treatment
Authors: Trolle Dyre
Published: December 2009

Abstract.A daily dosage of 100 mg phenobarbitone administered orally to pregnant women for three days or more immediately before delivery has reduced the various mortality rates for low‐birth‐weight infants by 50% or more. Since it is hardly possible to treat all pregnant women in this way it is recommended to administer phenobarbitone to women with high‐risk pregnancies such as former stillborn infant, former premature delivery, pregnancy complications, and planned induction of premature labour before the 37th week and until delivery takes place. If the mothers of low‐birth‐weight infants have not been adequately treated it is recommended that the newborn infant be given phenobarbitone injections immediately after birth and at 8‐hour intervals, 10 injections in all.
Blood Flow in Myomatous Uteri as Measured by Intra‐Arterial 133Xenon
Authors: Forssman Lars
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Uterine blood flow has been studied using intra‐arterial 133Xenon. Compartment analysis was used for calculation of blood flow from the wash‐out curves. In 7 myomatous uteri the mean blood flow was 11.6·1.70 ml·min−1· 100 g−1. In 8 control cases the mean blood flow was 20.1·2.27 ml·min−1· 100 g−1. The difference is statistically significant on the 1% level. From the present study it cannot be decided how the uterine blood flow is distributed between myomata and surrounding myometrium.
Alpha‐Fetoprotein Concentration in Amniotic Fluid During the Last Trimester in Normal Pregnancies and in Pregnancies with Severe Fetal Abnormalities
Authors: Nørgaard‐Pedersen B. , Jørgensen P. I. , Trolle Dyre
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The concentration of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) in the amniotic fluid was studied during the last trimester of pregnancy. 129 samples of amniotic fluid were collected by transabdominal amniocentesis in 94 pregnant women. Only women with uncomplicated pregnancies giving birth to normal infants at term were included. The 90% reference interval was calculated and a distinct decrease in the amniotic fluid AFP concentration was found during the last trimester. An AFP concentration above the 90% reference interval was found in 8 out of 10 cases of anencephaly. Normal AFP concentration was found in a case of congenital heart disease with severe oedema, and a low concentration was found in a case of Down's syndrome (Trisomy 21).
Prevention of Intraperitoneal Adhesions by Dextran, Hydrocortisone and Chymotrypsin: An Experimental Study
Authors: Järvinen P. A. , Nummi S.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The purpose of an experimental study in guineapigs was to prevent adhesion formation in the intraabdominal space by simultaneous intraperitoneal infusion of hydrocortisone, dextran and chymotrypsin. An examination made three weeks after the operation revealed a highly significant (p>0.001) difference in favour of the dextran, dextran‐chymotrypsin and dextran‐chymotrypsin‐hydrocortisone groups when compared with the NaCl and control groups.
THE INFLUENCE OF PRESSURE UPON THE FETAL HEAD DURING LABOUR
Authors: Lindgren Lennart
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In contracted pelvis, moulding of the skull bones is caused by the force of the amniotic fluid pressure and the resistance of the pelvis. In normal labour and abnormal uterine action the moulding of the skull bones is caused by the head to cervix pressure, as has been demonstrated by intra‐uterine tokometry. By contrast, in the contracted pelvis there are no mouldings between the two parietal bones. In breech presentation during the first stage of labour the moulding of the skull bones is explained. by the differing resistance of the various skull bones against the amniotic fluid pressure.
EFFECT OF ALKOXYGLYCEROLS ON THE FREQUENCY OF INJURIES FOLLOWING RADIATION THERAPY FOR CARCINOMA OF THE UTERINE CERVIX
Authors: Brohult Astrid , Brohult Johan , Brohult Sven , Joelsson Ingemar
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The incidence of injuries following intracavitary and external radiation therapy is markedly decreased in all stages of the disease by the administration of alkoxyglycerols. Complex injuries (due to radiation injury and tumour growth in combination) were reduced to about 1/3 in a group receiving alkoxyglycerols prophylactically, i.e. before, during and after radiation treatment, when compared with a control group. Using non‐prophylactic administration of alkoxyglycerols, i.e. during and after radiation treatment, no effect was observed on complex injuries, while—as for the prophylactic group—the injuries due to radiation only, were significantly decreased. The use of so called “increased amount” of radium in the intracavitary irradiator was followed by an unexpectedly high incidence of radiation injuries, which was considerably reduced, however, by alkoxyglycerols, especially when administered prophylactically.
The Immediate Effect of A β‐Adrenergic Agonist (Salbutamol) on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Lunell N. O. , Joelsson I. , Larsson A. , Persson B.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The responses of plasma insulin and the C‐peptide of proinsulin, glucose, lactate, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, D‐β‐hydroxybutyrate and alanine to a β2‐adrenergic agonist (salbutamol) were determined in 5 patients during the last trimester of pregnancy before labor. Salbutamol was given as an infusion in the same dosage as is used to inhibit uterine contractions in cases of premature labor and in obstetric emergencies. The infusion of salbutamol was given for 45 min, accompanied by repeated sampling of arterial blood. All patients developed moderate tachycardia and exhibited metabolic effects following salbutamol infusion, implying marked increases in plasma levels of insulin, C‐peptide, glucose and lactate. An increased rate of lipolysis was evident from the rises of FFA, glycerol and D‐β‐hydroxybutyrate. Plasma levels of alanine declined, possibly due to stimulation of glu‐coneogenesis. It is unlikely that these acute maternal metabolic changes would have significant adverse effects on the fetus.
The Cervical Balloon Method for Induction of Labor
Authors: Leiberman J. R. , Piura B. , Chaim W. , Cohen A.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The cervical balloon (Embrey & Mollison) was used to induce labor in a study group of 87 patients. The control group included 97 patients, where induction of labor was performed using oxytocin‐drip. In the study group oxytocin‐drip was added in 34 patients. The cases of the study and control groups were classified as “favorable” or “unfavorable” cervix. The patients classified as “unfavorable” cervix showed a shorter mean induction‐delivery interval in the study group, and a shorter mean duration of oxytocin‐drip in the cases of the study group where it was needed. It was concluded that the cervical balloon is a convenient method for the induction of labor, for its effectivity, simplicity and innocuity, especially in the “unfavorable” cervix cases.
THE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF POST‐MENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS
Authors: Marshall D. H. , Horsman A. , Nordin B. E. C.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In 6 groups of peri‐and post‐menopausal women, there was an inverse relation between the urinary sediment smear maturation value and the fasting urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio. Administration of ethinyloestradiol and Progynova both reduced urinary hydroxyproline into the pre‐menopausal range, the fail being proportional to the starting value. Oestrogen therapy also produced a significant fail in plasma ionised calcium. In a prospective trial, oestrogen therapy prevented post‐menopausal bone loss but calcium therapy was less effective. It is suggested that a high fasting urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio might be taken as an indication for oestrogen therapy in post‐menopausal women. In established post‐menopausal osteoporosis, pre‐disposing risk factors appear to be low calcium intake, malabsorption of calcium and low oestrogen status. These patients appear to represent the fast bone‐losers in the postmenopausal population. The accelerated bone loss can be wholly or partially corrected by hormone replacement therapy and by calcium supplements given to those with normal absorption only. These therapies also prevent loss of height due to further crush fractures. The malabsorption of calcium is very resistant to vitamin D therapy but responds to α‐OHD3. Balance data suggest that the most effective therapy may be a combination of lα‐OHD3, with oestrogen.
Transcutaneous Monitoring of PO2 in Different Skin Areas in the Neonate and in the Scalp of the Fetus During Labor‐Methodological and Physiological Observations
Authors: Jacobson Lennart , Löfgren Olof
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The reliability and physiological significance of continuous non‐invasive PO2 recording by means of skin electrodes was studied by comparing simultaneous tracings from different skin areas in a series of 40 newboms with normal labor and birth.

A new measuring equipment‐the Radiometer prototype unit TPM 1‐was used.

In addition, the applicability of the method to the fetus was tested in a primary series of 11 labor cases.

Certain technical and physiological factors that can influence the tracings were identified.
Endometrial Histology and Circulating Levels of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Mpa), Estradiol, Fsh and Lh in Women with Mpa Induced Amenorrhoea Compared with Women with Secondary Amenorrhoea
Authors: Jeppsson Sten , Johansson Elof D. B. , Ljungberg Otto , Sjöberg Nils‐Otto
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Circulating levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), estradiol, progesterone and gonadotropins were determined in 11 women on long‐term treatment with depot‐MPA (Depo‐Provera® DMPA) 150 mg i.m. every 12th week as a contraceptive. the women had amenorrhoea due to the treatment. Endometrial biopsy was performed one week after injection and at the end of the 12 week period. Blood samples were taken on the same occasions. the findings were compared with those in 12 untreated women having secondary amenorrhoea. MPA was still detectable in serum and the end of the 12 week period. Endometrial biopsies showed gestagenic effects in the second as well as in the first biopsy. No MPA was detectable in the untreated women with amenorrhoea, and no gestagenic effects could be demonstrated in their biopsies. the estradiol levels in the DMPA group were in the range of the early follicular phase of a normal menstrual cycle and showed a significant rise at the end of the 12 week period. On the last sampling occasion the estradiol levels did not differ from those in the untreated women with secondary amenorrhoea. the levels of progesterone and gonadotropins were in the range of the early follicular phase in both groups. These observations support that DMPA 150 mg i.m. every 12th week is a depot‐preparation with prolonged effect, and inhibits ovulation and produces endometrial changes by means of biologically active serum concentrations throughout the 12 week period.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Ovariectomized Women
Authors: Björkqvist S. E. , Lang A. H. , Punnonen R. , Rauramo L.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Electrophysiological parameters were studied in 32 gynecological patients before and after major gynecological surgery. No changes in maximal nerve conduction velocity or simple reaction time could be found after either hysterectomy or ovariectomy. of the 20 ovariectomized patients, 3 developed subjective symptoms and electrophysiological signs of the carpal tunnel syndrome within a few months after surgery. Thus the carpal tunnel syndrome, which is common in women of menopausal age, seems to be precipitated also by iatrogenic menopause. the present findings indicate that ovarian relaxin overproduction cannot be the basis of the carpal tunnel syndrome, but they are consistent with the view that the syndrome is a sign of hypothalamic‐hypophyseal overactivity or imbalance.
Changes of Placental Site Diagnosed by Repeated Ultrasonic Examination
Authors: Kurjak Asim , Baršić Bruno
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Over a period of two years, 7137 localisations of placenta were performed. In 67 patients on the first examination it was found that the lower margin of placenta reached the internal os of the uterus. All these patients were followed up by examinations every two or four weeks. In 63 of the 67 patients, placental migration was found involving a change in the level of the lower placental edge from the cervix towards the fundus. The change in this position varied from 3 to 9 cm. All four cases where the placenta extended from anterior to posterior wall ended as placenta praevia. Ultrasonic proof of placental migration shows the necessity for ultrasonic examination shortly before the birth, as only then is the final diagnosis of placenta praevia possible.
Ultrastructure and variations of human cervical mucus during pregnancy and the menopause
Authors: Chrétien F. C.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Ultrastructural aspect and variations of cervical mucus have been studied by scanning electron microscopy in 58 pregnant and 29 menopausal women. In both groups, a striking tightening of the ultrastructural glycoprotein framework was demonstrated. The phenomenon appears to occur very rapidly at the beginning of pregnancy while patients near the menopause show more variable patterns. The results are compared to the known evolution of cervical mucus ultrastructure during the ovarian cycle and discussed from a Theological point of view. Particular attention was paid to the eventual antibacterial role of cervical mucus in pregnancy, which was found to be very plausible.
REGRESSION OF TUMOUR GROWTH AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF ALKOXYGLYCEROLS
Authors: Brohult Astrid , Brohult Johan , Brohult Sven
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A regression of tumour growth is observed when alkoxyglycerols are administered prior to radiation treatment of patients suffering from cancer of the uterine cervix. This regression has been demonstrated by a change in the quotient between the incidence of early and advanced stages.
Conjoined twinning in sweden
Authors: Källén Bengt , Rybo Göran
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A small “epidemic” of conjoined twinning is reported occurring at the Skövde Central hospital in 1975–76. Three pairs were observed, the annual birth number is 2300. During a ten‐year period, 10 cases of conjoined twinning were reported to the Register of Congenital Malformations in Sweden, indicating a probable incidence of 1: 75 000 births. These 10 cases were distributed all over the country. Interviews with the three women who gave birth to the Skovde conjoined twins revealed no common factor which could be of aetiological significance.
Electrical Potential Difference Across the Mid‐Term Human Placenta
Authors: Stulc J. , Svihovec J. , Drabkova J. , Stnbrny J. , Kobilkova J. , And I. Vido , Dolezal A.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Electrical potential difference across the midterm human placenta was recorded during hysterotomy. The average value registered was 2.7 mV (S.E. of mean=0.4 mV, n=7), fetus negative. From this value and the concentrations of Na, K, Ca, CI and inorganic phosphate in maternal and fetal plasma the possible mechanisms of net transport from mother to fetus are inferred. It is concluded that of the above ions only the transport of Na is compatible with simple diffusion.
Doxycycline (Vibramycin®) in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Gjønnæss Halvard , Holten Eirik
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Using standardized laparoscopy technique, fluid was aspirated from the pouch of Douglas, from the Fallopian tubes and from ovarian cysts in 85 cases with clinical diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The concentration of doxycycline in the aspirates was measured after oral ingestion of 200 mg of doxycycline (Vibramycin®). A therapeutic level was achieved in the tubes and in ovarian cysts within a few hours, and on continuation of the treatment these values followed the plasma concentration closely, still being within the therapeutic range 24 hours after the final dose. The clinical effect was excellent, 94% (60/64) of the cases with verified PID being cured by doxycycline.
A Study on the Effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate on So‐Called Cervical Ripening
Authors: Mochizuki Matsuto , Honda Tomohiko , Deguchi Masaki , Morikawa Hajime , Tojo Shimpei
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) is now used for a dynamic test of placental function by many obstetricians. While practicing this test, the authors found that DHAS markedly promoted so‐called “cervical ripening”. To study this problem, DHAS of 50 or 100 mg in multiple doses were injected into 132 Japanese pregnant women in their 38th–42nd week of gestation. The change in Bishop score was carefully recorded. Bishop score in the injected groups of primiparae (100 mg) began to rise much sooner than the control groups (p<0.01 on seventh day and 14th day). However, such significant difference in the rise of Bishop score was not noted in the multiparae and primiparae with 50 mg. Although the rise of score is not significant, the duration (day) from injection to delivery was shorter in the injected group than the control group (t=2.1529, p<0.05 in primiparae with 50 mg, t=3.8829, p<0.01 with 100 mg, t=2.1029, p<0.05 in multiparae with 50 mg). In some of these cases, labor began or delivery was finished within 24 hrs. Among the factors of Bishop score, mainly the effacement, consistency and dilatation of the cervix were remarkably improved by DHAS injection (p<0.01 and <0.05). Side effects of any type were not seen in the mothers and foetuses. As a conclusion, DHAS injection is considered to produce favorable conditions for delivery in women with “unripe cervix” by softening the soft birth canal. Furthermore, it is suggested that DHAS might play an important role in triggering labor.
A Study of Smoking and Pregnancy with Special Reference to Fetal Growth
Authors: Persson Per‐Håkan , Grennert Lars , Gennser Gerhard , Kullander Stig
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A prospective study of the influence of smoking on pregnancy and its outcome was made of 5272 women in an urban community during 1974/75. Approximately 90 % of the pregnant women in the population took part in the programme. Ultrasonic measurements of the fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) were made from the 18‐20th week (early in the study the first BPD measurements were obtained at 28 weeks). Growth curves of BPD were constructed for each week, separately for the smoking groups (49 %) and the non‐smoking group (51 %) by compiling 5714 BPD measurements, only women subsequently delivered between 266 and 294 days after the last menstrual period were included to avoid erroneously skewed growth profiles. The BPD increased faster during gestation in the non‐smoking group, the difference from the smoking group being significantly apparent from the 28th week onwards and positively correlated to the average number of cigarettes smoked. There was a preponderance within the non‐smoking group for marriage, and preeclampsia; and within the smoking group for abruptio placentae, pre‐term delivery, low birth‐weight, short birth‐length, small head circumference, and small‐for‐gestational‐age. The low birth‐weights were independent of maternal prepregnant weight and weight gain. Compared with data obtained in a similar study in the same community, 1963/64, the prevalence of smoking among pregnant women had increased from 44 % to 49 %. The present study demonstrates the early onset of intrauterine growth retardation in pregnancies of smoking mothers. The results suggest that the fetal growth retardation is a direct pharmacological effect on the fetus rather than an influence resulting from nutritional deprivation and points to appearent inefficiency of the programme deterring women from smoking.
Monitoring of Fetuses with Retarded Bpd Growth
Authors: Persson P.‐H. , Maršál K. , Kullander Stig
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Retarded BPD growth (<5th centile) is associated with low birth weight, preterm delivery, and increased perinatal mortality. However, 50 % of the fetuses with deviating BPD growth in the 32nd week have normal weight at birth. In this study other biochemical and physical tests were applied to a group of fetuses with deviating BPD growth in order to improve the discriminatory rate between infants subsequently born AGA or SGA. Measurements of the ratio abdomen to head diameter were above the 50th centile in 72 % of the infants born AGA and below the 50th centile in 75 % of those born SGA. Circumference measurements were less useful in our hands. Urinary oestriol levels were not directly proportional to the intrauterine growth retardation. Recording of fetal breathing movements and nonstressed monitoring of fetal heart rate (FHR) had little or no predictive value in the individual case although the incidence of fetal breathing movements was significantly lower in the group with retarded BPD growth.
Serum beta‐human chorionic gonadotrophin levels in the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Lundström Viveca , Bremme Katarina , Eneroth Peter , Nygård Inga , Sundvall Margareta
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Beta‐HCG in serum was analysed in 64 cases of ectopic tubal pregnancy who were operated upon during 1974–1976. The case material was divided into three different groups; ruptured ectopic pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy accompanied by amenorrhea or adnexal mass and ectopic pregnancy without palpable adnexal mass and amenorrhea. The mean HCG levels for the three groups were 8 790IU/1, 2 580 IU/1 and 690 IU/1, respectively, which related more to the symptoms than to the estimated length of pregnancy. Eleven per cent of the women had an IUD and five per cent were taking low dose gestagens. Screening of cases with acute lower abdominal pain or irregular vaginal bleeding with beta‐HCG in serum will facilitate an early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy and be of special value in patients with less typical symptoms.
Complications of cerclage
Authors: Aarnoudse J. G. , Huisjes H. J.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The published results of cervical cerclage are almost invariably good and there is little mention of complications. Forty per cent of 52 pregnancies, with 38 early “prophylactic” and 14 late “therapeutic” operations, ended after 260 days' gestation. In 73 per cent a viable infant was born.

The most frequent complication was premature rupture of the membranes (12 cases), followed by slipping suture (7) and premature delivery (6). Intra‐uterine infection was fairly common. The implications and possible causes of this high rate of complications are discussed.
CIRCULATORY AND METABOLIC EFFECTS OF ACUTE BETA1‐BLOCKADE IN SEVERE PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Lunell N. O. , Persson B. , Aragon G. , Fredholm B. B. , Åström H.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Five mg of a beta1‐adrenoceptor antagonist (atenolol) was given i.v. to 5 women with severe preeclampsia in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. There was a significant decrease of both mean systolic blood pressure, from 171 to 155 mm Hg, and mean diastolic blood pressure, from 116 to 107 mm Hg. The mean maternal heart rate decreased significantly from 90 to 74 and mean fetal heart rate significantly from 145 to 138 beats per min. There were no significant changes in the plasma levels of cyclic AMP, insulin, glucose, free fatty acids, 3‐hydroxy‐butyrate or glycerol.
PREGNANCY IN A NON‐COMMUNICATING, RUDIMENTARY UTERINE HORN
Authors: Kirschner Rolf , Löfstrand Tord , Mark Joachim
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Anatomical aberrations in the female genital tract are due to maldevelopment of the Müllerian duct system. Various degrees of malformations are described (9). Some of these malformations are discovered during the investigation of amenorrhea, persistent dysmenorrhea or infertility, while others are discovered in connection with obstetrical problems. The incidence of uterine malformations is quoted as 1:1 500‐2 000 (8, 11), the incidence of uterus unicollis bicornis being as rare as 1:100 000 (3). There is no unified nomenclature for the rarer types of genital malformations. Semmens describes a group consisting of functional uteri of single Müllerian origin, labelled uterus unicollis bicornis with one rudimentary horn (8). Most rudimentary horns are hollow and allow the expansion of an up to 20 weeks pregnancy (3). Few cases of pregnancy in a rudimentary horn have been seen, causing complications during pregnancy and delivery, and when performing therapeutic abortions (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12).
ABSCESS FORMATION OF A GARTNER'S DUCT CYST WITH CERVICAL COMMUNICATION IN A CASE OF BICORNUATE UTERUS ASSOCIATED WITH AN IPSILATERAL RENAL AGENESIS
Authors: De Grandi P. , Janecek P. , Lambercy J. M.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. One case of abscess formation of a Gartner's duct cyst communicating with the cervix of a bicornuate uterus is presented in a case of ipsilateral renal agenesis. The embryonic origin and the incidence of associated genital and urologic malformations are discussed. Marsupialization is recommended as an adequate method of treatment.
FERTILITY FOLLOWING LEGALLY INDUCED ABORTION
Authors: Obel Erik B.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate if decreased fertility could be shown in women whose previous pregnancy had been terminated by a legally induced abortion.

In 7 270 pregnant women fertility was measured as the time elapsed from the couple started sexual intercourse without using contraception to the present pregnancy. This interval was called “the latent period” and fertility was defined as reduced if it was longer than one year.

In women whose previous pregnancy had been terminated by legally induced abortion subsequent decreased fertility could not be shown when compared with women whose previous pregnancy had ended in a live birth, the frequency of a latent period longer than one year not differing between these groups.

When induced abortion had been complicated by pelvic inflammatory disease the frequency of a latent period more than one year was found to be higher than in women without this complication.