bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D‐Printed Osteoinductive Polymeric Scaffolds with Optimized Architecture to Repair a Sheep Metatarsal Critical‐Size Bone Defect
Authors: Garot Charlotte , Schoffit Sarah , Monfoulet Cécile , Machillot Paul , Deroy Claire , Roques Samantha , Vial Julie , Vollaire Julien , Renard Martine , Ghanem Hasan , El‐Hafci Hanane , Decambron Adeline , Josserand Véronique , Bordenave Laurence , Bettega Georges , Durand Marlène , Manassero Mathieu , Viateau Véronique , Logeart‐Avramoglou Delphine , Picart Catherine
Published: September 2023

The reconstruction of critical‐size bone defects in long bones remains a challenge for clinicians. A new osteoinductive medical device is developed here for long bone repair by combining a 3D‐printed architectured cylindrical scaffold made of clinical‐grade polylactic acid (PLA) with a polyelectrolyte film coating delivering the osteogenic bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2). This film‐coated scaffold is used to repair a sheep metatarsal 25‐mm long critical‐size bone defect. In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the film‐coated PLA material is proved according to ISO standards. Scaffold geometry is found to influence BMP‐2 incorporation. Bone regeneration is followed using X‐ray scans, µCT scans, and histology. It is shown that scaffold internal geometry, notably pore shape, influenced bone regeneration, which is homogenous longitudinally. Scaffolds with cubic pores of ≈870 µm and a low BMP‐2 dose of ≈120 µg cm−3 induce the best bone regeneration without any adverse effects. The visual score given by clinicians during animal follow‐up is found to be an easy way to predict bone regeneration. This work opens perspectives for a clinical application in personalized bone regeneration.
Azacyclic Anchor‐Enabled Cohesive Graphite Electrodes for Sustainable Anion Storage
Authors: Kang Jieun , Lee Seungho , Hwang Jinwoo , Kim Sungho , Lee Sangyeop , Yoo Seokkeun , Han Jeong Woo , Ryu Ja‐Hyoung , Ryu Jaegeon , Park Soojin
Published: August 2023

Advanced energy‐storage devices are indispensable for expanding electric mobility applications. While anion intercalation‐type redox chemistry in graphite cathodes has opened the path to high‐energy‐density batteries, surpassing the limited energy density of conventional lithium‐ion batteries , a significant challenge remains: the large volume expansion of graphite upon anion intercalation. In this study, a novel polymeric binder and cohesive graphite cathode design for dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) is presented, which exhibits remarkable stability even under high voltage conditions (>5 V). The innovative binder incorporates an acrylate moiety ensuring superior oxidative stability and self‐healing features, along with an azide moiety, which allows for azacyclic covalent bonding with graphite and interchain crosslinking. A simple 1‐h ultraviolet treatment is sufficient for binder fixation within the electrode, leading to the covalent bond formation with graphite and the creation of a robust three‐dimensional network. This modification facilitates deeper and more reversible anion intercalation, leading to improved capacity, extended lifespan, and sustainable anion storage. The binder design, exhibiting exceptional adhesive properties and effective stress mitigation, enables the construction of ultrathick graphite cathodes. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of advanced binders, paving the way for high‐performance DIBs.
Tuning Coordination Structures of Zn Sites Through Symmetry‐Breaking Accelerates Electrocatalysis
Authors: Sun Yuntong , Fan Wenjun , Li Yinghao , Sui Nicole L. D. , Zhu Zhouhao , Zhou Yingtang , Lee Jong‐Min
Published: August 2023

Manipulating the coordination environment of individual active sites in a precise manner remains an important challenge in electrocatalytic reactions. Herein, inspired by theoretical predictions, a facile procedure to synthesize a series of symmetry‐breaking zinc metal–organic framework (Zn‐MOF) catalysts with well‐defined structures is presented. Benefiting from the optimized coordination microenvironment regulated by symmetry‐breaking, Zn‐N2S2‐MOF exhibits the best performance of nitrogen (N2) reduction reaction (NRR) with NH3 yield rate of 25.07 ± 1.57 µg h−1 cm−2 and Faradaic efficiency of 44.57 ± 2.79% compared with reported Zn‐based NRR catalysts. X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure shows that the symmetry‐breaking distorts the coordination environment and modulates the delocalized electrons around the Zn sites, which favors the formation of unpaired low‐valence Znδ+, thereby facilitating the adsorption/activation of N2. Theoretical calculations elucidate that low‐valence Znδ+ in Zn‐N2S2‐MOF can effectively lower the energy barrier of potential determining step, promoting the kinetics and boosting the NRR activity. This work highlights the relationship between the precise coordination environment of metal sites and the catalytic activity, which offers insightful guidance for rationally designing high‐efficiency electrocatalysts.
A Flexible Broadband Visible Light Plasmon‐Absorber Based on a 2D Monolayer of Au‐Nanoparticle/TiO2‐Nanowire Core–Shell Heterostructures
Authors: Ko Wen‐Yin , Yeh Shin‐Chwen , Hsu Yun‐Chen , Chu Hsiao‐Wen , Lin Kuan‐Jiuh
Published: September 2023

Plasmon‐induced hot carrier transfer is a promising approach for photoelectric applications, but its practical application is often hindered by its relatively narrow absorption bandwidth and low light harvesting at visible wavelengths. This work reports a broadband visible light plasmon‐absorber based on a dandelion‐like hierarchical metal‐semiconductor Au‐TiO2 core–shell nanostructure where each Au nanoparticle (AuNP) core is covered by an optically transparent mesh‐shell composed of TiO2 nanowires (TNWs) (denoted as AuTNW‐dCS). These AuTNW‐dCSs are assembled to form a 2D arrayed plasmonic monolayer by connecting adjacent AuNPs with cross‐linked TiO2 NWs, which can induce a remarkable broadband absorption in the visible spectrum of 500–700 nm. Driven by a wide light adsorption range, improved hot‐electron carriers, and excellent analyst's immobilization capability, the AuTNW‐dCS based photoelectric immunosensor owns excellent performance for alpha‐fetoprotein detection in human serum, with a practical linear range of 0.1–1000 ng mL−1, a low detection limit of 0.1 ng mL−1, and satisfying selectivity under visible light‐emitting diode light irradiation. This work enlightens the prospective research on the use of metal/semiconductor core–shell heterostructures as photoactive materials for sensing applications. Additionally, it gives an impetus for developing flexible nanofilms based on plasmonic metal/semiconductor nanohybrids, beneficial for building wearable point‐of‐need platform.
Designing Next‐Generation Molecular Logic Circuits: Photonic Concatenation in Upconverting Nanocrystals
Authors: Zanella Sofia , Hernández‐Rodríguez Miguel A. , Fu Lianshe , Shi Rui , Carlos Luís D. , Ferreira Rute A. S. , Brites Carlos D. S.
Published: September 2023

Computers and computing systems are getting an increasingly essential role in society, as revealed by the current emergence of Artificial Intelligence. The further increase in computer systems and digitalization of society will certainly demand innovative computing systems with higher processing speeds at low energetic and capital costs. Remarkable developments in the last five years have been reported for quantum computing; nevertheless, photonic and molecular computing has also been evolving with the potential of reaching the maximum possible miniaturization by using molecules as building blocks for basilar logic systems. One of the main challenges for molecular logic is the logical connection between molecular elements, called concatenation. Until now, concatenation of molecular logic gates has been exclusively reported using chemical species, with obvious practical limitations. In this work, the first photonic concatenation of a NAND with an AND molecular logic gate is presented. The logic system is implemented on nanoplatforms of Yb3+/Er3+ core@shell Sr2YF7 nanocrystals that are used to define combinatory logic gates and temperature‐reconfigurable logic systems. The results show that upconverting nanocrystals are promising platforms for the development of solid‐state molecular logic devices. These devices can reproduce the logical operations that are currently implemented in electronic devices.
Longitudinal Manipulation of Scalar to Vector Vortex Beams Evolution Empowered by All‐Silicon Metasurfaces
Authors: Li Hui , Duan Shouxin , Zheng Chenglong , Li Jie , Xu Hang , Song Chunyu , Yang Fan , Liu Yanyan , Shi Wei , Zhang Yating , Shen Yun , Yao Jianquan
Published: September 2023

Manipulating the trend of polarization profiles in the propagation direction, especially the evolution from homogeneous to inhomogeneous distribution, can provide subtle implements for light‐matter interactions. The implementation of conventional stacked structures in the terahertz (THz) band to maneuver polarization states within a finite distance will result in large insertion losses due to inherent material absorption or Fabry–Perot resonance. Metasurfaces have proved to possess many extraordinary properties and propelled the integration of THz functional devices. Herein, the evolution from scalar vortex to vector vortex beams in the longitudinal direction is experimentally demonstrated using all‐silicon metasurfaces generated by spin‐polarization multiplexing encoding techniques. The coaxial universalized phase design scheme with extended focal length provides a paradigm for polarization manipulation that is not limited to the THz band. As a conceptual investigation of the working mechanism, a series of all‐silicon samples are fabricated to experimentally evaluate the conversion capability from scalar to vortex beams, that is, homogeneous to inhomogeneous polarization profiles. The mode weight recorded in the effective region is utilized to further analyze the setting laws of topological charges in orthogonal channels, providing great opportunities for fundamental applications in emerging fields, such as singular optics and quantum science.
Be2+‐Induced Red Emission Enhancement in CaAl12O19:Mn4+ for Wide Color Gamut Display: Suppressing Self‐Reduction of Mn4+ to Mn2+
Authors: Zheng Liwen , Zhang Liangliang , Fang Limin , Wu Hao , Wu Huajun , Pan Guo‐Hui , Yang Yuxin , Luo Yongshi , Hao Zhendong , Zhang Jiahua
Published: September 2023

Mn4+‐activated CaAl12O19 (CAO: Mn4+) is recognized as a promising candidate for red phosphor used in wide color gamut displays. However, the spontaneous self‐reduction of Mn4+ to Mn2+ occurs for charge compensation through Mn2+‐Mn4+ substitution for Al3+‐Al3+, lowering the quantum efficiency of Mn4+. To suppress the self‐reduction, some divalent metal ions, including Ba2+, Sr2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, and Mg2+, are added for charge compensation instead of Mn2+, but only small luminescence enhancement is observed. In this paper, remarkable luminescence enhancement in CAO: Mn4+ via co‐doping Be2+ is reported. The photoluminescence properties are studied as a function of Be2+ doping concentration, and the optimal Be2+ concentration of 0.01 is found. The internal quantum efficiency of 74.9% and external quantum efficiency of 56.3% are achieved under UV excitation, higher than those via co‐doping other divalent metal ions. This study indicates that the addition of Be2+ dominates the charge compensation because Be2+ is closer to Al3+ in size than Mn2+ and other divalent metal ions. The backlight light‐emitting diodes using CAO: Mn4+, Be2+ are fabricated, exhibiting a 110.1% Nation Television Standards Committee (NTSC) color gamut, wider than both the current commercial backlight using K2SiF6: Mn4+ (KSF) red phosphor and the conventional one using YAG yellow phosphor.
Highly Quantum Efficient and Thermally Stable Near‐Infrared‐Emitting K‐β‐Al2O3:Cr3+ Phosphor
Authors: Dou Chao , Cai Chuxin , Song Zhen , Liu Quanlin
Published: September 2023

Near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors are enablers for NIR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs). However, fewer NIR‐emitting phosphors with both high internal/external quantum efficiency (IQE/EQE) and thermal stability are discovered, which obstructs the promotion of NIR pc‐LEDs. Herein, by partially replacing Al3+ in K‐β‐Al2O3:2Cr3+ with Ga3+, the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the solid solution K1+δ(Al0.4Ga0.6)11O17:2Cr3+, (KA0.4G0.6O:Cr) phosphor is increased 2.75 and 1.25 times that of end‐members K1+δAl11O17:2Cr3+ (KAO:Cr) and K1+δGa11O17:2Cr3+ (KGO:Cr). The IQE/EQE of optimal KA0.4G0.6O:Cr reaches 88.9%/50.8% with high thermal stability (77.4%@150 °C). The PL intensity enhancement is due to the Al/Ga‐6O octahedral volume and distortion variation caused by the substitution of Ga3+ for Al3+ in K1+δ(Al1‐y,Gay)11O17:2Cr3+ (KA1‐yGyO:Cr), which leads to the forbidden d–d transition being broken and crystal field strength varied. Finally, a NIR pc‐LED device fabricated based on KA0.4G0.6O:Cr NIR‐emitting phosphor and blue chip reaches an electro‐optical efficiency of 16.3% under a drive current of 100 mA. Meanwhile, non‐destructive detection and plant germination applications of the NIR pc‐LED are demonstrated. These results prove that KA0.4G0.6O:Cr is a promising NIR phosphor for diverse applications.
Organocatalytic Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Diels‐Alder Reaction between 2,4‐Dienals and α,β‐Unsaturated Esters
Authors: Kim Byungjun , Lee Sukwoo , Yunmi Lee Sarah
Published: September 2023

Despite advances in the development of catalytic asymmetric Diels‐Alder reactions, introducing α,β‐unsaturated esters as dienophiles remains challenging owing to their low reactivity. Herein, we report that a chiral aminocatalyst in conjunction with a chiral isothiourea catalyst or a Brønsted acid can promote enantio‐ and diastereoselective Diels‐Alder reactions between 2,4‐dienals and α,β‐unsaturated esters. This method proceeds through the formation of chiral trienamine intermediates for the exo‐cycloaddition with activated dienophiles, α,β‐unsaturated acylammonium species or protonated N‐heteroaryl‐substituted alkenes. Through synergistic activation of both dienes and ester dienophiles, densely functionalized cyclohexenes bearing multiple stereocenters can be afforded with up to >25:1 dr and >99% ee. Moreover, we show that variation of the configurations of the chiral catalysts and the olefin geometry allows the stereodivergent preparation of four stereoisomers of the enantiopure exo‐products.
Copper Indium Sulfide Quantum Dots as Nanomanometers: Influence of Size and Composition
Authors: Aldaz‐Caballero Leyre , Rodríguez‐Mendoza Ulises R. , Lavín Víctor , Canton Patrizia , Benayas Antonio , Marin Riccardo
Published: September 2023

Mechanical forces control the function of organisms and mediate the interaction between biological systems and their environments. Knowledge of these forces will increase the understanding of biological processes and can support the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Although techniques like atomic force microscopy and droplet insertion method allow measuring forces over a broad range of values, they are invasive and lack versatility. A promising way to overcome these hurdles is luminescent nanomanometry. Quantum dots (QDs) specifically have optical properties that depend on their size because of the quantum confinement, which makes them responsive to applied forces. Yet, a fine understanding of how fundamental parameters affect the response to applied stress is required before a QD family can be credibly proposed as luminescent nanomanometers. Here, a thorough study is conducted on how size and stoichiometry affect the nanomanometry performance of CuInS2 QDs. The studied QDs feature pressure‐dependent photoluminescence in the red/near‐infrared range, which can enable the measurement of mechanical forces in the range of physiological relevance in a remote and minimally invasive way. It is shown that tuning size and stoichiometry can simultaneously enhance the CuInS2 QDs’ brightness and response to applied pressure, thus providing guidelines for better luminescent nanomanometers.
Cavitation‐Mediated Transcutaneous Delivery of Protein and Nucleotide‐based Antigen for Rapid High‐level Immune Responses
Authors: Hettinga Johanna K , Lyons Brian , Balkaran Joel , Rijal Pramila , Dunn‐Lawless Darcy , Caproni Lisa , Gray Michael , Suslick Kenneth S. , Coussios Constantin C , Carlisle Robert C
Published: September 2023

Alternatives are needed to remove the pain, injury, cross‐infection, and hazardous waste associated with needle and syringe (N+S)‐based vaccination. Reported here is the use of novel ultrasound‐responsive protein cavitation nuclei (pCaN), formed using the model antigen bovine serum albumin (BSA), to achieve effective transcutaneous delivery. Upon exposure to ultrasound (US), these pCaN instigate cavitation events which propel themselves and co‐located DNA vectors into the skin. US parameters as well as pCaN and DNA concentration are refined to achieve optimal expression of encoded luciferase transgene. Twenty‐four hours post‐treatment, luciferase expression in the skin, by IVIS imaging,  was 1.67 × 106 ±941943, photons per sec for N+S intradermal injection and 1.49 × 106 ±261832 for cavitation‐mediated delivery (p>0.05). Hence, there is no significant difference in luciferase level achieved, but improved homogeneity and reproducibility of expression are evident in mice treated using US‐mediated cavitation. Despite this equivalence in luciferase levels, a >5× higher level (p<0.02) of anti‐luciferase antibodies is achieved when cavitation is used versus N+S injection. Antibody levels against BSA, resulting from the use of BSA pCaN, are equivalent for the two groups. PCaN can be formed from a range of antigenic proteins and DNA can encode a range of antigenic proteins, so this approach has wide‐ranging implications for needle‐free vaccination.
Supercavity Modes Excited by Bessel‐Type Plasmon Polaritons
Authors: Peng Ruiguang , Wen Jingda , Gan Yuner , Zhao Qian
Published: September 2023

High‐index dielectric resonators are favorable to enhance light‐matter interaction with the advantages of low loss and multipolar resonances. However, realizing a high‐Q factor in a single dielectric cavity remains a challenge especially in lossy systems such as that in plasmonics. Here, the resonant modes of a dielectric cylinder excited is explored by bessel‐type plasmon polaritons and reveal the general dependence of its eigenfrequency on the physical size. Based on this fundamental a universal and robust approach is proposed to find the high‐Q supercavity modes, which arise in the vicinity of the resonance crossing features of two coupled resonant modes in the same radiation channel. Following the proposed principle, one cannot only construct a series of high‐Q modes, but also predict their corresponding size parameters and resonant frequencies without relying on the heavy computations of parameter scanning. Such high‐Q mode can be easily extended from visible wavelengths to other frequency regime due to scale invariance of the eigenfrequency and the insensitivity of the Q‐factor to the permittivity (real part) of the plasmonic substrate. The findings provide guideline for the engineering of high‐Q modes and may open up a pathway to design resonant meta‐optics devices in lossy dielectric‐metal composite system.
Advancements in High‐Throughput Screening and Machine Learning Design for 2D Ferromagnetism: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Xin Chao , Song Bingqian , Jin Guangyong , Song Yongli , Pan Feng
Published: September 2023

2D intrinsic magnetic materials possess unique physical properties distinct from bulk materials, providing an ideal research platform for the development of low‐dimensional spintronics. The traditional approach to developing new materials involves a “trial‐and‐error” method, which is inherently flawed due to long development cycles and high costs. In recent years, with the rapid improvement in computational power, the high throughput (HTP) first‐principles calculation based on density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning (ML) method have provided a highly effective means for the design of novel intrinsic ferromagnetic materials and the study of their magnetic properties. This article reviews the recent research progress in 2D ferromagnetic materials, with particular emphasis on the significant role played by HTP first‐principles calculations and ML in the exploration and fabrication of two‐dimension ferromagnetic (2DFM) materials. Finally, the future development and challenges of 2DFM materials are discussed.
Rational Materials and Structure Design for Improving the Performance and Durability of High Temperature Proton Exchange Membranes (HT‐PEMs)
Authors: Song Jingnan , Zhao Wutong , Zhou Libo , Meng Hongjie , Wang Haibo , Guan Panpan , Li Min , Zou Yecheng , Feng Wei , Zhang Ming , Zhu Lei , He Ping , Liu Feng , Zhang Yongming
Published: September 2023

Hydrogen energy as the next‐generation clean energy carrier has attracted the attention of both academic and industrial fields. A key limit in the current stage is the operation temperature of hydrogen fuel cells, which lies in the slow development of high‐temperature and high‐efficiency proton exchange membranes. Currently, much research effort has been devoted to this field, and very innovative material systems have been developed. The authors think it is the right time to make a short summary of the high‐temperature proton exchange membranes (HT‐PEMs), the fundamentals, and developments, which can help the researchers to clearly and efficiently gain the key information. In this paper, the development of key materials and optimization strategies, the degradation mechanism and possible solutions, and the most common morphology characterization techniques as well as correlations between morphology and overall properties have been systematically summarized.
A Review on the Features and Progress of Silicon Anodes‐Based Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Song Amin , Zhang Wujiu , Guo Haotian , Dong Lei , Jin Ting , Shen Chao , Xie Keyu
Published: September 2023

Advanced battery systems based on solid electrolytes promise superior energy storage performance and better security than current liquid electrolytes‐based Li‐ion batteries (LiBs). Li‐metal anode solid‐state batteries (SSBs) have been extensively studied, but chemically active Li seems to be incompatible with SSB systems featuring high safety and stability. This contradiction runs through the whole process of electrode fabrication, cell stacking, and battery operation. Poor chemical stability in air results in high manufacturing costs, dendritic formation, and uncontrolled interfacial reactions, increasing the risk of thermal runaway. Silicon anodes, characterized by high capacity, low working potential, mild chemical properties, and abundant natural resources, have been successfully applied in commercial liquid battery systems. Research on Si anodes‐based SSBs (Si‐SSBs) is of great significance given that the rapid development of energy storage field has put forward higher demands for energy density and safety. However, publications that comprehensively summarize studies of Si‐SSBs, from fundamentals to practical applications are scarce. Therefore, this review is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of current research, involving the material, electrode, cell, and battery package of Si‐SSBs, and then propose prospects for the future direction of scientific research and industrial development of SSBs.
A Magnetically Controlled Guidewire Robot System with Steering and Propulsion Capabilities for Vascular Interventional Surgery
Authors: Fu Shixiong , Chen Binghan , Li Dong , Han Jianguo , Xu Sheng , Wang Shu , Huang Chenyang , Qiu Ming , Cheng Si , Wu Xinyu , Zhang Li , Du Shiwei , Xu Tiantian
Published: September 2023

Magnetically manipulated interventional robotic systems offer outstanding advantages for improving vascular interventions, including minimizing radiation exposure to physicians and increasing the controllability of magnetic interventional devices in hard‐to‐reach vessels. However, automatic control of magnetic guidewires (MGs) is still challenging in terms of modeling of guidewires and trajectory planning. Herein, a magnetically controlled guidewire robotic system (MCGRS) with steering and propulsion capabilities is proposed based on adequate modeling and trajectory planning methods. The steering kinematics of MG is first modeled by constant curvature theory. Then, a continuum mechanics model is built to predict the deformation of the magnetic tip by combining the dipole model and the Cosserat‐rod model. Moreover, a trajectory planning algorithm is developed to navigate the MG through vessels. Furthermore, trajectory following experiments within three vascular phantoms confirm that the proposed model and algorithm are reliable and capable of navigating the MG through the desired trajectory. Finally, two extra navigation experiments are implemented in 3D vascular phantom, which show that the MCGRS can be remotely controlled to manipulate the MG to actively steer and reach the target site. The system and methods will build the foundation for automatic control of MG and help to improve the autonomy.
High‐Resolution Range Profile Sequence Recognition Based on Transformer with Temporal–Spatial Fusion and Label Smoothing
Authors: Wang Xiaodan , Wang Peng , Song Yafei , Xiang Qian , Li Jingtai
Published: September 2023

Radar high‐resolution range profile (HRRP) is widely used in radar automatic target recognition due to its advantages such as easy availability, convenient processing, and small storage space. Current recognition methods for HRRP sequences mainly focus on the temporal information of HRRP sequences, which cannot fully utilize the temporal and spatial information contained in HRRP sequences. Moreover, most of these methods fail in long‐range modeling and global information extraction of HRRP sequences. To solve above problems, a HRRP sequence recognition method based on transformer with temporal–spatial fusion and label smoothing (TSF–transformer–LS) is proposed. TSF–transformer–LS contains temporal transformer blocks and spatial transformer blocks, which are used to extract deep global features of HRRP sequences in the time domain and space domain, respectively. Then, an attention fusion mechanism is developed to realize the adaptive fusion of temporal and spatial features. Moreover, label smoothing is used to add noise to sample labels, which can solve the overfitting problem of transformer caused by a large amount of noise hidden in HRRP in real scenes. Experiments on MSTAR, a standard dataset, show that the proposed method outperforms other methods in recognition performance. Furthermore, the effectiveness and interpretability of the method are explored.
Atlantoaxial instability associated with ALDH18A1 mutation
Authors: Lucas Alexandra T. , Lin Angela E. , Cohen Andrew , Muñoz William , Kahle Kristopher T. , Shin John H. , Buch Karen , Sahai Inderneel , Carroll Ryan W.
Published: September 2023

We report a 10‐year‐old boy with a de novo pathogenic variant in ALDH18A1, a rare form of metabolic cutis laxa, which was complicated by atlantoaxial instability and spinal cord compression following a fall from standing height. The patient required emergent cervical spine fusion and decompression followed by a 2‐month hospitalization and rehabilitation. In addition to the core clinical features of joint and skin laxity, hypotonia, and developmental delays, we expand the connective tissue phenotype by adding a new potential feature of cervical spine instability. Patients with pathogenic variants in ALDH18A1 may warrant cervical spine screening to minimize possible morbidity. Neurosurgeons, geneticists, primary care providers, and families should be aware of the increased risk of severe cervical injury from minor trauma.
Understanding conviviality in Australian suburbs with high Muslim concentrations: A qualitative case study in Melbourne
Authors: Dekker Karien , Haw Ashleigh
Published: September 2023

This article explores the concept of conviviality: the practice and negotiation of sharing space in suburbs with diverse populations. Australia has a growing Muslim population and reports of Islamophobia remain widespread. While there is some evidence, however, that forming intercultural connections can foster more positive attitudes toward religious minority groups, we know little about how Muslim and non‐Muslim communities share space in Australia. This paper presents the findings of a qualitative investigation into how conviviality is perceived in Australian suburbs with high concentrations of Muslim residents. Following qualitative, thematic analysis of 15 interviews with multicultural service providers who work with Muslims in Melbourne, Victoria, we conclude that conviviality is fostered by a sense of community between people who share similar backgrounds as well as increased opportunities to form intercultural social connections. We discuss the scholarly and policy implications of these findings, with consideration of existing arguments about the practices of sharing space in Australian cities.
Influence of amyloid and diagnostic syndrome on non‐traditional memory scores in early‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bushnell Justin , Hammers Dustin B. , Aisen Paul , Dage Jeffrey L. , Eloyan Ani , Foroud Tatiana , Grinberg Lea T. , Iaccarino Leonardo , Jack Clifford R. , Kirby Kala , Kramer Joel , Koeppe Robert , Kukull Walter A. , La Joie Renaud , Mundada Nidhi S. , Murray Melissa E. , Nudelman Kelly , Rumbaugh Malia , Soleimani‐Meigooni David N. , Toga Arthur , Touroutoglou Alexandra , Vemuri Prashanthi , Atri Alireza , Day Gregory S. , Duara Ranjan , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Honig Lawrence S. , Jones David T. , Masdeu Joseph , Mendez Mario , Musiek Erik , Onyike Chiadi U. , Riddle Meghan , Rogalski Emily , Salloway Steven , Sha Sharon , Turner Raymond S. , Wingo Thomas S. , Wolk David A. , Carrillo Maria C. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Apostolova Liana G. , Clark David G. ,   the LEADS Consortium
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION

The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) is a useful neuropsychological test for describing episodic memory impairment in dementia. However, there is limited research on its utility in early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). We assess the influence of amyloid and diagnostic syndrome on several memory scores in EOAD.

METHODS

We transcribed RAVLT recordings from 303 subjects in the Longitudinal Early‐Onset Alzheimer's Disease Study. Subjects were grouped by amyloid status and syndrome. Primacy, recency, J‐curve, duration, stopping time, and speed score were calculated and entered into linear mixed effects models as dependent variables.

RESULTS

Compared with amyloid negative subjects, positive subjects exhibited effects on raw score, primacy, recency, and stopping time. Inter‐syndromic differences were noted with raw score, primacy, recency, J‐curve, and stopping time.

DISCUSSION

RAVLT measures are sensitive to the effects of amyloid and syndrome in EOAD. Future work is needed to quantify the predictive value of these scores.

Highlights

RAVLT patterns characterize various presentations of EOAD and EOnonAD

Amyloid impacts raw score, primacy, recency, and stopping time

Timing‐based scores add value over traditional count‐based scores
Supramolecular Memristor Based on Bistable [2]Catenanes: Toward High‐Density and Non‐Volatile Memory Devices
Authors: Xie Yu , Wang Cai‐Yun , Chen Ningyue , Cao Zhou , Wu Guangcheng , Yin Bangchen , Li Yuan
Published: August 2023

The ever‐increasing demand for data storage and neuromorphic computing calls for innovative, high‐density solutions, such as resistive random‐access memory (RRAM). However, the integration of resistive switching and rectification at the nanoscale remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we introduce a bistable [2]catenane‐based supramolecular junction that simultaneously functions as a resistive switch and a diode. All supramolecular junctions are highly stable and reproducible over thousands of resistive switching cycles, because the nano‐confinement of two mechanically interlocked rings can stabilize the radical states of pyridinium moieties under ambient conditions. The successful realization of supramolecular junctions in functionality with a thickness of approximately 2 nm presents a promising avenue for the development of molecule‐scale based RRAM for a better solution to high density and energy efficiency.
Superparamagnetic Composite Nanobeads Anchored with Molecular Glues for Ultrasensitive Label‐free Proteomics
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Ghalandari Behafarid , Wang Aiting , Li Sijie , Chen Youming , Wang Qingwen , Jiang Lai , Ding Xianting
Published: September 2023

Mass spectrometry has emerged as a mainstream technique for label‐free proteomics. However, proteomic coverage for trace samples is constrained by adsorption loss during repeated elution at sample pretreatment. Here, we demonstrated superparamagnetic composite nanoparticles functionalized with molecular glues (MGs) to enrich proteins in trace human biofluid. We showed high protein binding (>95 %) and recovery (≈90 %) rates by anchor‐nanoparticles. We further proposed a Streamlined Workflow based on Anchor‐nanoparticles for Proteomics (SWAP) method that enabled unbiased protein capture, protein digestion and pure peptides elution in one single tube. We demonstrated SWAP to quantify over 2500 protein groups with 100 HEK 293T cells. We adopted SWAP to profile proteomics with trace aqueous humor samples from cataract (n=15) and wet age‐related macular degeneration (n=8) patients, and quantified ≈1400 proteins from 5 μL aqueous humor. SWAP simplifies sample preparation steps, minimizes adsorption loss and improves protein coverage for label‐free proteomics with previous trace samples.
Two different routes to prepare porous biodegradable composite membranes containing nanoclay
Authors: Zanini Noelle C. , Ferreira Rafaela R. , Barbosa Rennan F. S. , de Souza Alana G. , Camani Paulo H. , Oliveira Sueli A. , Mulinari Daniella R. , Rosa Derval S.
Published: September 2023

The method employed for membrane preparation and nanoparticle incorporation in membrane systems can affect their properties. This work aims to compare the better strategy to obtain membranes from the preparation of PBAT [Poly(butylene adipate co‐terephthalate)] containing nanoclay Cloisite® 20A (C20A) (0, 0.5, and 1 wt.%) by combined Evaporation/Non‐solvent Induced Phase Separation (EIPS/NIPS) or dip coating methods. The SEM, TGA, contact angle measurements, FTIR, XRD, mechanical testing, and cost analysis characterized EIPS/NIPS to dip coating membranes. EIPS/NIPS membranes had smaller pores (0.3–0.5 μm), with a more homogeneous pore diameter distribution due to C20A nanoclay insertion. PBAT/0.5% C20AEIPS/NIPSwas the more hydrophilic membrane (37°) with better mechanical properties proven by statistical analysis. The cost analysis showed that EIPS/NIPS membranes production cost per square meter (m2) was lower (US$ 73.4–73.8) than dip coating (US$ 89.0–99.2). The EIPS/NIPS method was the most economically and statistically advantageous, and its properties can favor future applications for PTEs removal in aqueous media.
Ecomorphology and sensory biology of bats
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , Santana Sharlene E. , Eiting Thomas P.
Published: September 2023

This special issue of The Anatomical Record is inspired by and dedicated to Professor Kunwar P. Bhatnagar, whose lifelong interests in biology, and long career studying bats, inspired many and advanced our knowledge of the world's only flying mammals. The 15 articles included here represent a broad range of investigators, treading topics familiar to Prof. Bhatnagar, who was interested in seemingly every aspect of bat biology. Key topics include broad themes of bat development, sensory systems, and specializations related to flight and diet. These articles paint a complex picture of the fascinating adaptations of bats, such as rapid fore limb development, ear morphologies relating to echolocation, and other enhanced senses that allow bats to exploit niches in virtually every part of the world. In this introduction, we integrate and contextualize these articles within the broader story of bat ecomorphology, providing an overview of each of the key themes noted above. This special issue will serve as a springboard for future studies both in bat biology and in the broader world of mammalian comparative anatomy and ecomorphology.
Virtuous search: A framework for intellectual virtue in online search
Authors: Gorichanaz Tim
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a conceptual framework for the intellectual virtues in the context of online search. Intellectual virtues are dispositions and skills that enable good thinking and wise reasoning, such as intellectual humility and attentiveness. Despite their importance, today the intellectual virtues tend to be underdeveloped across society. In light of the institutional role that online search plays in life today, there is an opportunity (perhaps an obligation) for online search to facilitate the development of intellectual virtue. The framework presented in this paper locates this development in three areas: the Searcher, the System, and Society. Major issues in information ethics and virtue epistemology are discussed for each of these areas, leading to recommendations for education, design, and research. This paper provides specific suggestions in this regard along with an agenda for future research at the intersection of ethics, epistemology, and online search.
Exploring the Divergent Reactivity of Vinyl Radicals Emanating from Alkynes and Thiols via Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Kumar Sourav , Ali Shah Bhahwal
Published: September 2023

Organic chemistry has seen a surge in visible‐light‐driven transformations, which offer unique reaction pathways and access to new synthetic possibilities. We aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of state‐of‐the‐art photo‐mediated alkyne functionalization, with a focus on the reactive behavior of vinyl radicals. This review outlines our contributions to the field, including developing new methods for forming carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bonds.
Über die kathodische Reduktion der Ketone am Beispiele des Menthons
Authors: Schall C. , Kirst W.
Published: August 2023

Der elektrolytische Reduktionsverlauf des von Law nur kurz untersuchten Menthons ergab bei l‐Menthon an möglichst reinen Pb, Hg, Cd in saurer Lösung durchweg, und hierin abweichend von den Tafelschen Erfahrungen mit Caffein, Succinimid, keine Depolarisation (außer schwach an Cu). Sondern Anstieg bis zu einem Maximum des Kathodenpotentials (bei Cd verlangsamt gegen Pb, Hg) und Abfall bei Menthonverarmung. Ähnlich das Verhalten des Tafelschen Nutzeffektes.

An präpiertem Pb entstand wesentlich l‐Menthol, an rauhem blanken Menthan (ohne Diaphragma erheblichere Pinakonerzeugung), an Cd in starker Säure fast ausschließlich Hexahydrocymol bis zu guter Strom‐ und Stoffausbeute gewinnbar. Die Isolation des neben erwähnten Produkten (je nach Temperatur, Stromstärke und Säure an Hg) zu erhaltenden, sehr zersetzlichen Hg‐Dimenthyls gelang durch ein eigentümliches Verhalten desselben, die Identifikation z. T. mikroanalytisch. Leicht Menthen und kathodisch Menthan liefernd.

Anzeichen des Auftretens noch instabilerer entsprechender Menthylmetalle an Pb, Cd‐Kathoden mit analoger Zersetzung führten zu einer allgemeinen Vorstellung über Radikalbildung bei H‐Anlagerung an Carbonylverbindungen. Als weitere Folgerung zu einer neuen Anschauung über Organometallentstehung als Kohlenwasserstoffquelle bei dieser Hydrierung, somit zu einem Beitrag zur Theorie der Reduktion überhaupt.
Über Die Geschwindigkeit der Wasserstoffionen in Gelen unter Stromwirkung
Authors: Isgarischew N. , Pomeranzewa A.
Published: August 2023

1. Es wurde die Wanderungsgeschwindigkeit der H· im Gelatinegel unter Stromwirkung untersucht in Gegenwart von verschiedenen Elektrolyten bei verschiedenen Versuchsbedingungen.

2. Es wurde eine eigentümliche „Trägheit”︁ der H· beim Übergang von einer Stromspannung zur andern beobachtet und diese Erscheinung dadurch erklärt, daß das Gel eine starre Struktur besitzt, in der auch Ionen einbegriffen sind, die ihren freien Zustand und ihre Fähigkeit zur fortschreitenden Bewegung teilweise verloren haben, wobei diese Struktur von der angewandten Spannung abhängig ist.

3. Der Einfluß der verschiedenen Kationen im Gel auf die Bewegung der H· steht in direktem Zusammenhang mit den Atomvolumina der betreffenden Kationen.

4. Es wurde versucht, den Mechanismus und die Ursache der Wirkung der Atomvolumina in ausführlicher Weise aufzuklären.

Die Arbeit wird fortgesetzt.
Elektrokristallisation von Metallen
Authors: Fischer Hellmuth
Published: August 2023

Phänomenologie der Elektrokristallisation: Einteilung in Formtypen. — Die Wachstumsschicht als Grundform. — Aktiver und inaktiver Teil der Kathodenoberfläche.

Theorie der Elektrokristallisation: Zeitlicher Ablauf des Abscheidungsmechanismus. — Diskussion der bekannten Theorien. — Mechanismus der Abscheidungsvorgänge an den aktiven und an den inaktiven Flächen der Wachstumsschicht und ihre Bedeutung für das Gesamtgeschehen. — Einfluß der Metall liefernden Ionen.
Die Rolle der Elektronenkonfiguration bei der elektrolytischen Abscheidung aus wäßrigen Lösungen IV. Äthylendiamin‐Komplexe des Kobalts
Authors: Lyons Ernest H.
Published: August 2023

Die Kobaltabscheidung aus dem„inner orbital”︁ Komplex (1) des Hexamminkobalt (III)‐Ions ist mit der die Reduktion zum zweiwertigen Kobalt begleitenden Umwandlung in einen„outer orbital”︁ Komplex verknüpft. Dieser erste Schritt der Reduktion ist, wie zu erwarten, irreversibel. In Gegenwart eines großen Überschusses von Äthylendiamin wird er jedoch reversibel. Es ist deshalb zu vermuten, daß durch den Überschuß des chelatbildenden Agens das Triäthylendiamin‐kobalt (II)‐Ion stabilisiert wird und einen inner orbital Komplex bildet. Die Beobachtung, daß die Reduktion zum metallischen Kobalt immer noch möglich ist, weist jedoch darauf hin, daß auch ein outer orbital Komplex des zweiwertigen Kobalts anwesend ist. Es wird eine Theorie vorgeschlagen, nach der der inner orbital Komplex in dem Maße in den outer orbital Komplex übergeht, wie dieser durch Abscheidung verbraucht wird, dabei aber stets in so hoher Konzentration erhalten bleibt, daß die Kinetik des ersten Reduktionsschrittes dadurch bestimmt ist.
Unterscheidung der verschiedenen Elektrodenmechanismen durch Messung der Übergangszeit bei konstantem Strom in ruhender Lösung
Authors: Gierst L. E.
Published: August 2023

Es wird der allgemeine Fall betrachtet, daß die Elektrolyse zur Verarmung an einem gelösten Teilchen A führt.
Die Kinetik der Reaktion von ClO2 mit NO2 in der Lösungsphase
Authors: Martin H. , Gareis R.
Published: August 2023

Der die Geschwindigkeit der Gasreaktion

bestimmende Schritt

benötigt trotz des langsamen Ablaufs der Reaktion bei Zimmertemperatur eine Aktivierungsenergie von nur 11 kcal. Das Ergebnis läßt sich auf der Grundlage der klassischen Stoßtheorie nicht ohne Zusatzannahmen, auf der Grundlage der Theorie der absoluten Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit (Eyring) jedoch ohne solche verstehen. Dieser Befund wird durch Untersuchung der Reaktion in der Lösungsphase und Vergleich mit der Gasphasenreaktion bestätigt.
Über den Mechanismus und die Kinetik der Farbkupplung von p‐Amino‐N‐dialkylanilinen in wäßriger Lösung
Authors: Eggers J.
Published: August 2023

In einem Überblick werden die bisherigen Anschauungen über den Mechanismus der oxydativen Farbkupplung wiedergegeben.

Nach Beschreibung der Methoden zur Untersuchung der Oxydations‐ und Kupplungsreaktion werden die aus den experimentellen Werten ermittelten Konzentrationsverhältnisse mit kinetischen Gleichungen verglichen, welche unter der Voraussetzung eines bestimmten Reaktionsmechanismus aufgestellt wurden. Durch Vergleich des zeitlichen Verlaufs der Farbbildungsgeschwindigkeit bei Verwendung von Kupplern, welche an der Kupplungesstelle mit Halogen oder der Sulfogruppe substituiert sind, mit der Zeitabhängigkeit der Konzentrationen der Oxydationsprodukte des p‐Amino‐N‐diäthylanilins kann entschieden werden, welches der oxydationsprodukte bei der oxydativen Farbkupplung unter den angegebenen Verhältnissen kuppelt.
Spektroskopische Bestimmung der pK‐Werte N‐heterocyclischer Verbindungen
Authors: Perkampus H.‐H. , Rössel Th.
Published: August 2023

Aus der pH‐Abhängigkeit der Absorptionsspektren des Acridins(I), 3‐oxy‐Acridins(II), Phenazins(III), 3‐oxy‐Phenazins(IV) und 4‐oxy‐Phenazins(V) werden die pK‐Werte der korrespondierenden Dissoziationsgleichgewichte ermittelt. Die Bestimmung erfolgt in wäßrigen Pufferlösungen, die zur Vermittlung der Löslichkeit dieser Verbindungen 10 Vol.‐% Methanol enthielten. Die Ergebnisse für T = 15,0 °C werden zusammengestellt. In der angegebenen Reihenfolge der Verbindungen lassen sich ein, zwei und drei pK‐Werte bestimmen. Die Auswertung der Spektren erfolgte nach drei bekannten Verfahren, die kurz erläutert werden.

Die Ergebnisse werden am Beispiel des Acridins un 3‐oxy‐Acridins an einem Termschema diskutiert, das erkennen läßt, daß der Grundkörper im Anregungszustand eine erhöhte Basizität besitzt, während die Einführung der OH‐Gruppe in 3‐Stellung das Gegenteil bewirkt. Qualitative Beobachtungen der Fluoreszenz dieser Verbindungen bieten eine experimentelle Stütze des angeführten Termschemas und der aus diesem Termschema erhaltenen pK‐Werte für den Anregungszustand.
Untersuchung der Passivität von Metallen durch Messung der Elektrodenimpedanz bei hohen Frequenzen
Authors: Kabanov B. N. , Leikis D. I.
Published: August 2023

Es werden Spannungs‐, Widerstands‐ und Impedanzmessungen beschrieben, die während der Passivierung von Blei in Schwefelsäure und Silber in Alkalilösungen durchgeführt wurden. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß die eigentliche Ursache der Passivierung in der kinetischen Hemmung des anodischen Prozesses und nicht in der Oberflächenbedeckung zu suchen ist.
Schabversuche an einer rotierenden Silberelektrode in alkalischer Lösung und Messung der Niveauladung bei intermittiert galvanostatischer Belastung
Authors: Ohse Roland W.
Published: September 2023

Es wird die Herstellung einer schichtfreien, von der Vorbehandlung unabhängigen Metalloberfläche durch Abschaben der Phasengrenzfläche am Beispiel Ag/KOH‐Lösung beschrieben. Dabei wird die zur Aufklärung von Elektrodenreaktionen an den Stoffsystemen Silber‐[1] [2], Blei‐[1] [2], Cadmium‐[3] [2], Eisen‐[4], Platin‐[5] und Kupfer/wäßrige Lösung [6] [2] schon mehrfach verwendete Meßmethode der intermittiert galvanostatischen Belastung mit oszillographischer Registrierung der Bezugsspannung zur Aufnahme von UH(t)I‐Kurven verwendet. Beispielsweise zeigt sich, daß eine anodisch primär gebildete Ag2O‐Schicht durch eine anschließende kathodische Belastung nicht vollständig reduziert wird. Die Untersuchungen der Niveauladungen zeigen, daß der Auf‐ und Abbau der Ag2O‐Schicht reversibel verläuft, aber etwas Ag2O aus AgO + Ag irreversibel entsteht. Aus dem zeitlichen Verlauf der Bezugsspannung ergaben sich Hinweise für die Bildung einer Sauerstoff‐Chemiesorptionsschicht und einer Silber‐Hydridschicht.
Spaltproduktdiffusion und Selbstdiffusion in Hochtemperaturkernbrennstoffen
Authors: Lindner Roland , Matzke Hansjoachim , Schmitz Franz
Published: September 2023

Die Bedeutung der Kenntnis von Selbstdiffusion und Spaltproduktdiffusion für die Anwendung von Hochtemperaturkernbrennstoffen wird diskutiert. Die Selbstdiffusion von Uran in UO2,0 wurde gemessen und die experimentelle Aktivierungsenergie zu 108 kcal/Mol bestimmt. Die Diffusion der radioaktiven Spaltedelgase Kr‐85 und Xe‐133 sowie von Rn‐222 wurde bestimmt an Oxyden des Urans, die Diffusion von Xe auch in Uranmonokarbid und Thoriumoxyd, die von Rn auch in Thoriumoxyd. Die Aktivierungsenergie der Xenondiffusion beträgt in UO2,0: 49, in U3O8: 20, in UC: 45 und in ThO2: 30 kcal/Mol. Die Kryptondiffusion in UO2,0 und U3O8 zeigt praktisch die gleichen Werte, während die Aktivierungsenergie der Radondiffusion in UO2,0 (59 kcal), U3O8 (26 kcal), ThO2 (51 kcal) jeweils erheblich größer ist als die der leichteren Edelgase