bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avatares del Sistema Cooperativo en el Perú y Propuesta para su Revaloración
Authors: Cevallos de Barrenechea Carlos Manuel Antenor
Published: April 2023

In Peru, with the new paradigms, pressures and challenges created; it compels shapes more energetic forms need human solidarity in order to contribute to facilitate one more equitable distribution of the benefits of the globalization.

It arises then, the necessity to rescue the use of the cooperative model and the necessity and to revalue it, promoting its development, recognizing its im- portance for the use creation, the mobilization of resources and generation of investments that contribute to the economy of the country.

Lamentably in Peru, the cooperativism comes being delayed, orienting them- selves towards its extinction, although the cooperativism is connect with our incaico past pre, like ““Ayllu”.

In the world, the first cooperative in 1844 arose as a cooperative of consump- tion, with twenty eight weaverss of Rochdale who fougth to improve their wag- es, and in 1852 the first cooperative of credit of Germany organized itself.

In our reality, human solidarity in a cooperative model does not have to sepa- rate that must conserve its universal principles, but adapting them to our reali- ty, forging solid and competitive institutions, avoiding its extinction.
Centro Cultural Turístico Vivencial Afroperuano, para repotenciar la Identidad del Distrito de Zaña
Authors: Cuzcano Rentería Karen Elita , Lisboa Otoya Milagros Rosmery , Itabashi Montenegro Eduardo Alfredo , Rivadeneyra Céspedes Carlos Omar , Rivadeneyra Huaroto Karina , Soza Carillo David Victor Enrique , Vargas Salazar Mario Uldarico
Published: April 2023

A raíz de una larga investigación de la “cultura Afro-peruana”, la finalidad del siguiente trabajo de investigación es demostrar que la cultura afro se debe repotenciar debido a toda la memoria-historia, y folklor que esta contiene, buscando alternativas de solución que contribuya a darle mayor importancia, a sus tradiciones, costumbres e historia que aún se encuentran en manifiesto, pero que en diferentes tiempos se han ido desaprovechando, buscando destacar sus particularidades que la caracterizan. La investigación fue de tipo cualitativa, critica, proyectiva. Los resultados son las potencialidades con las que cuenta el distrito de Zaña y ponerlas en manifiesto, con la finalidad de que el poblador se sienta orgulloso por su cultura, proponiéndole estrategias de revalorización y re potencialización, ya que actualmente no cuenta con oportunidades para promover su legado cultural. Palabras claves: Cultura afroperuana, Re potencialización, Revaloración, Legado cultural
Centro de reciclaje y mitigación de efectos negativos, para afectaciones por desaprovechamiento de residuos sólidos inorgánicos en José Leonardo Ortiz, Chiclayo.
Authors: Díaz Contreras Franklin , Seclen Herrera, Jhairo , Vargas Salazar, Mario , Rivadeneyra Céspedes Carlos , Sosa Carrillo David , Itabashi Montenegro Eduardo
Published: April 2023

Este estudio tiene como finalidad analizar la problemática tanto ambiental como social de José Leonardo Ortiz desde la perspectiva de la generación y tratamiento de desechos sólidos inorgánicos municipales; diseñar un centro de reciclaje y promover cultura ambiental en el distrito, así responder a las grandes demandas de esta era globalizada y de esta forma atenuar la informal segregación de residuos y deficiente gestión ambiental del distrito José Leonardo Ortiz. Por ello, se hizo un estudio de campo para verificar el estado actual del distrito, se descubrió la ubicación de los botaderos informales y la condición actual de los habitantes frente a esta problemática.
Regional Weather Variations and Yields Achieved in Soybean Crops
Authors: Machado Marcos V. M. , Maggi Márcio F. , Hachisuca Antonio M. M. , Mercante Erivelto , Silva Franciléia O.
Published: April 2023

Monitoring weather conditions during soybean cultivation is essential in agricultural planning. The variation of these conditions, such as temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and soil moisture directly influence the productive performance of crop.With this, the objective of the work was to verify the effects of weather conditions on the soybean yield, carrying out the survey of the minimum, maximum and average temperature and the total precipitation during the cultivation of the soybean and collecting the data of productivity reached in the agricultural harvests of 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 of soybeans in a commercial area with 15.5 ha, located in the Céu Azul City, Paraná State, Brazil. Regarding the results for the three soybean harvests, the air temperature remained adequate for the development of the crop in most of the cycle. And the values observed for precipitation indicated the occurrence of well-distributed rainfall in the 2019/2020 harvest, and in the 2017/2018 harvest there was irregular rainfall distribution, however there were no periods without precipitation. However, the large precipitation deficit occurred in the 2018/2019 harvest, where the lack of rain occurred in 28 days, between 12/03/2018 and 12/30/2018, indicating a drought in this period. The soybean yield obtained in the area in the 2019/2020 harvest was 3.727 t ha-1, higher than the other two soybean harvests, being that 2018/2019 harvest reaching the lowest value, 2.394 t ha-1, indicating the influence of the weather in the soyben yield achieved.
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF APHID COMPLEX INFESTING RABI SORGHUM
Authors: Meena S K , Bhamare V K
Published: April 2023

The present investigation was conducted on aphid complex at the Post Graduate experimental field of Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Campus Latur, during 2020-21. The results revealed that the aphid Melanaphis sacchari reached its maximum in 4th SMW (166.66 aphids /plant). Correlation coefficients revealed that none of the weather parameters had significant effect on M. sacchari . Rhopalosiphum maidis reached its peak incidence in 5th SMW (40 aphids/ plant). Correlation studies revealed that the before noon relative humidity correlated positively, while wind speed correlated negatively with incidence of R. maidis.
A Checklist of Termite Fauna (Isoptera) of Kurukshetra, Haryana
Authors: Bhanupriya  , Kakkar Nidhi , Kumar Gupta Sanjeev
Published: April 2023

This study is aimed to know the termite community of the Kurukshetra through sampling by the random hand-picking method, and identified with the keys given by Roonwal and Chhotani, (1989) and Chhotani (1997). A total of 11 species belonging to two families (Termitidae and Rhinotermitidae), two subfamilies (Macrotermitinae and Coptotermitinae) and three genera (Odontotermes, Microtermes and Coptotermes) were observed. Out of these two species are new records from Kurukshetra i.e. Coptotermes kishori and Odontotermes profeae. Termitidae is the most diverse of the two families, and the study reveals the presence of total of 19 species under five genera, four subfamilies and two families.
THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) TERMS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE
Authors: Kenges B. Е. , Kurmanbayuly Sh.
Published: April 2023

The paper aims to identify the level of usage of information technology terms in the Kazakh language. Research within the fields of sociolinguistics and applied linguistics was conducted to accomplish this goal.

As part of the sociolinguistic direction, a survey was conducted to determine quantitative indicators of the level of public use of terms. Representatives of various fields took part in the survey. The survey questions are based on the basic terms of the IT industry: тінтуір ~mouse~тышқан~мышка, пернетақта~клавиатура~keyboard, қатқыл диск~қатты диск~жесткий диск~hard disk, software~программное обеспечение~бағдарламалық қамтым~бағдарламалық жасақтама~бағдарламалық қамту~бағдарламалық қамтамасыздандыру. Approved terms, such as related and competing terms, were also selected.

A feature of the survey is that 88.4% of the participants are native speakers of the Kazakh language. The results of the survey revealed such difficulties as: ―the level of use of terms in the Russian language is higher than in the Kazakh language‖, ―some terms in the Kazakh language are not used at all‖ and ―several variants of the same term appear and synonyms are formed‖.

In the context of applied linguistics, an analysis was made of the use of approved terms in the textbook "Computer Science", written in Kazakh for grades 4 to 7. The study showed that the established terms related to the field of computer science in the termincom.kz database is not used in textbooks; instead, other terms are used that denote the same concept. Some terms in textbooks related to computer science are not covered by termincom.kz databases. Other findings include the use of certain terms concerning other industries, the primary spelling of terms in Russian, as well as the indication of terms in Kazakh in brackets. 

The paper reveals the extra linguistic factors underlying the identified problems and analyzes the research papers written to date related to the terminology of information technology.

Summarizing the above, based on the results of the research, the authors conclude that terminologists create highquality terms, and pay attention to the use of these terms in the field of education. It is necessary to work in the direction of promoting the language of science through social networks.
LANGUAGE REPRESENTATIONS OF THE CONCEPTS OF POSITIVE CHARACTER TRAITS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE
Authors: Baissydyk I. B. , Kuderinova K. B.
Published: April 2023

Thе paper prеsеnts аn аnаlysis with thе аim of crеаting а complеtе thеsаurus of dеnominаtions of positivе chаrаctеr trаits in thе Kаzаkh lаnguаgе, dividing into lеxicаl-sеmаntic groups, idеntifying concеpts rеlаtеd to thе chаrаctеr to dеtеrminе thе linguoculturologicаl bаsis of dеnominаtions of thе chаrаctеr trаits. In thе coursе of study, dеnominаtions of positivе chаrаctеr trаits of thе Kаzаkh nаtion wеrе collеctеd bаsеd on publishеd works, including thе opinions аnd viеws of psychologists, tеаchеrs, philologists, thinkеrs аnd philosophеrs, аnd systеm of linguistic concеpts wаs crеаtеd. Currеntly, thе words аnd phrаsеs, provеrbs аnd phrаsеologicаl units аrе collеctеd, rеvеаling thе concеpt from thе 15-volumе "Dictionаry of thе Kаzаkh litеrаry lаnguаgе" publishеd in 2006-2013, аnd othеr sourcеs. Wе аnаlyzеd thе collеctеd vocаbulаry in а linguoculturologicаl contеxt. Thus, wе еxаminеd thе dеnominаtions of positivе chаrаctеr trаits of thе Kаzаkh pеoplе in rеlаtion to othеrs аnd to thеmsеlvеs within thе frаmеwork of linguoculturologicаl concеpts. Duе to thе volumе of thе аrticlе, wе hаvе considеrеd only linguistic rеprеsеntаtivеs of concеpts such аs modеsty, humаnity, rеsponsivеnеss, modеsty, humility, bеnеvolеncе, libеrаlity, kindnеss, gеnеrosity, dеcеncy, courtеsy, intеlligеncе, consistеncy аnd courаgе.

Аs а rеsult of thе аnаlysis, it wаs found thаt thе Kаzаkh pеoplе put morе vаluе on such positivе chаrаctеr trаits аs:

sincеrity, rеstrаint, prudеncе in rеlаtion to othеrs, аnd not to thеmsеlvеs, thаt in thе first plаcе is thе obsеrvаncе of еthicаl stаndаrds thаt tаkе plаcе in thе vаluе systеm, idеnticаl to systеms of concеpts in rеlаtion to thе humаn chаrаctеr, аnd positivе chаrаctеr trаits of thе Kаzаkh nаtion coincidе with spirituаl vаluеs in Islаm.
COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES EXPRESSED BY INTERROGATIVE SPEECH ACTS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE
Authors: Yelikbayev B. K. , Koshikbayeva G. D. , Ybyrayim A. O.
Published: April 2023

Any speech act is based on the communicative purpose of the speaker and is aimed at expressing the communicative strategy and tactics, pragmatics, and emotional and expressive point of view of the addressee. At the same time, the paper aims to determine the pragmatics of the interrogative speech act and the communicative strategies conveyed by interrogative sentences.

In the course of the study, the following communicative strategies of the interrogative speech act in the Kazakh language were identified: request (exchange) of information, clarification of information, greeting, search, knowledge of another person's opinion, knowledge of someone else's intention of approval/disapproval, demonstration of one's numerous knowledge, striving for understanding, attracting attention (interest), determining the winner, request, consultation (advice), proposal, request for permission, verification, investigation, counterattack, justify, warning, refusal, accusation (reproach), ordering, forbidding, intimidation and mixed strategy. 

The communicative strategies used in the interrogative speech act in the Kazakh language are not limited to those listed above. Since all human language communication consists of informative, interrogative, and imperative sentences, interrogative sentences make up a quarter of these speech acts. Of course, informative offers carry a lot of weight. Nevertheless, interrogative sentences also have the great function of establishing universal language communication.

The results of the study are of great scientific and practical importance in the field of pragmatics, theory of speech act, etc., which are new areas in Kazakh linguistics.
Cybercitizen’s Experience on Cyber Attacks and
Threats from Online Platforms Amidst Pandemic and
Community Lockdown
Authors: Muico Earl Jones G. , Villasin Marjo Neil R. , Casia Kate , Macunlay Kimberly B.
Published: April 2023

This study sought to uncover the experience cybercitizen’s who experienced cyberattacks
amidst pandemic and community lockdown. More specifically, it focused on the
experience of the youth, coping strategies, and insights on cyberbullying. The study is
qualitative by nature with 7 identified participants. The results show various means of cyberbullying
experienced by the participants. Moreover, the participants also shared different
coping strategies to deal with their experience. Furthermore, participants shared insights on
their experiences.
Identifying and Introducing the Soils of Faryab Province
Authors: Moqimzai Omid , Faizi Ahmad Omid
Published: April 2023

Soil is a natural body that is located on the surface of the earth and contains various mixtures of decomposed stone materials, minerals and decayed organic materials, which provides the right amount of water, air and minerals to plants. In short, it can be said that soil directly and indirectly plays an important role in improving the living conditions of living organisms. From the point of view of a farmer, soil is the place where plants grow, which is used by humans. According to an engineer, soil is a natural phenomenon on which all buildings are built.

The purpose of conducting this research (identifying and introducing the soils of Faryab Province and determining the pH and its nature) was to inform the farmers about the soils of Faryab Province, and the nature of the soils of this province was introduced to them, and also the proper use of the soils.

The research is citation and descriptive type; Then it was analyzed in the laboratory, and as a result of the laboratory analysis and interviews, it was found that the soils of Faryab Province are among the loamy soils and its nature is sandy loam, which is suitable for growing fertile plants.
Language Learning Strategies and Grammatical Competence of the English-Major Students in Zamboanga del Norte HEIs
Authors: Rodriguez Elmira
Published: April 2023

Language learning requires strategies that increase our competence in communication. This study identified the language learning strategies and the grammatical competency level of the Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSED) English major students at Jose Rizal Memorial State University (JRMSU), School Year 2017-2018. This research is mixed methods since it determined the language learning strategies mostly used by the students and identified the grammatical competency level of the respondents. The researcher triangulated the data from the survey using the focus group discussion through semi-structured interviews. It further examined whether there is a significant relationship between language learning strategies and the grammatical competence level of the BSED-English. The respondents of this study were the 138-3rd year BSED-English major students of JRMSU chosen through simple random sampling by the lottery technique. The students took the Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) survey questionnaire, developed by Oxford (1990), and the grammatical competence test. Twelve students from the group participated in the focus group discussion. The data were checked, tallied, and analyzed utilizing the weighted mean, ranking, and percentage. The researcher employed Spearman's Rho test to find the relationship between language learning strategies and grammatical competency levels. She then transcribed and coded the data from the focus group discussion. The results of this study showed that language learning strategies usually used by the BSED-English major students were metacognitive, social, cognitive, affective, and compensation strategies. In addition, it showed that the overall grammatical competence level of the students is competent, which revealed their higher competence level in word formation and syntax but less competence in spelling, pronunciation, and vocabulary. The results showed a significant relationship between language learning strategy use and grammatical competence level, indicating that the more language learning strategies are mostly used by the students, the higher their grammatical competence level.
Epizootiology of Fasciolosis in Sheep (Ovis aries) Raising in Geoclimatic Setting of Poonch District of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Mushtaq Anisa , Ahmad Nisar , Shamim Asim , Hassan Murtaz-Ul-
Published: April 2023

Fasciolosis is wide spread parasitic disease of herbivores outcomes in the form of financial losses in livestock looking in the form of deaths, infected livers, reduced growth, milk, meat and wool production. The presentinvestigation was intended to find out prevalence of ovine Fasciolosis in (Poonch) Rawalakot Azad Kashmir. For said determination, 300 sheep belong todifferent age groups and genders were randomly selected. Out of these, 101(33.6%) animals were found positive for Fasciolosis through coprological examination. The results demonstrated that 34.6% prevalence of Fasciolosis in female sheep and 30.6%in male sheep. There was insignificant variance in prevalence of Fasciolosis based on gender of sheep. Significant difference infrequencyof fasciolosis (P < 0.05) was found amongst sheep of different age groups. It was concluded that Fasciolosis is prevalent is sheep in and around Rawalakot Azad Jammu & Kashmir and is continuous threat to the health and production of sheep.
Documentation of Indigenous Storage Practices of Pulse Seed
Authors:   Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Rahman M. S. , Jahan T. , Sarker P. C. , Reza M. S. , Adhikary S. , Islam M. M. ,   Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture
Published: April 2023

Storage of pulse seed is a crucial postharvest operation. But storage practices vary over local natural resources, climate and culture of the society. This study assessed indigenous storage system of pulse seeds in six selected pulse growing districts in Bangladesh. Data were collected from 180 sample farmers through survey method and multistage stratified random sampling technique was followed to select these farmers. It was observed that farmers mostly cultivated mungbean, grass pea, lentil, chickpea, blackgram and pea of which mungbean, lentil and grasspea covered 84% of the total pulse crop cultivation. Sun drying was found to be the most commonly practiced traditional seed drying system, accounting for 100% of the respondents. A number of storage materials were used in the survey areas of which plastic drum was found to be the mostly adopted storage materials. Survey farmers were found to treat seed before storing it for future use. Overall, 42% of the total surveyed farmers used neem leaves as treating materials while 24% did not apply any treatment. These indigenous methods are useful for sustenance and compose a prominent role in the development of agriculture. It would be wise to keep an eye and encourage indigenous practices extensively for self-sustenance with a goal to diminish paucity and starvation among native folks and enhance use of locally available cheaper sources where it is adoptable, cost effective and prolong storage life of seed.
POST-TERM GEBELİKLER ve EBELERİN SORUMLULUKLARI
Authors: KARAÇAM Zeynep Dilşah , DİNÇ KAYA Hüsniye
Published: April 2023

Post-term gebelik, 42 ve üzeri gebelik haftasına kadar devam eden gebelikler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Post-term gebeliklerde fetal, neonatal ve maternal olarak pek çok komplikasyon ortaya çıkmaktadır. Dünyada post-term gebelik insidansı %1 ile %10 arasında değişmektedir. Post-term gebelik insidansının tüm dünyada değişiklik göstermesinin sebebi ise kullanılan rutin bir kılavuzun olmaması ve obstetrik uygulamaların ülkeden ülkeye farklılık göstermesidir. Bu derlemenin amacı; öncelikle post-term gebeliğin tanımı, tanımlanmasında kullanılan kavramlar, dünyada ve ülkemizde görülme sıklıkları, bu alanda yapılan güncel araştırmalardan bahsedilerek post-term gebenin bakımında ebelerin üzerine düşen rol ve sorumluluklar mevcut çalışmalar ışığında gözden geçirmektir.
Emergence of a New Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: 26 Cases of the Human Version of Mad-Cow Disease, Days After a COVID-19 Injection
Authors: Perez Jean-Claude , Moret-Chalmin Claire , Montagnier Luc
Published: April 2023

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, the formerly rare but universally fatal prion disease in humans, normally progresses over several decades before it leads to death. In the Appendix to this paper, we highlight the presence of a prion region in the spike protein of the original SARS-CoV-2, and in all the “vaccine” variants built from the Wuhan virus. The prion region in the spike of SARS-CoV-2 has a density of mutations eight times greater than that of the rest of the spike, and, yet, strangely that entire prion region disappears completely in the Omicron variant. In the main body of our text, we present 26 cases of Creuzfeldt-Jacob Disease, all diagnosed in 2021 with the first symptoms appearing within an average of 11.38 days after a Pfizer, Moderna, or AstraZeneca COVID-19 injection. Because the causal progression, the etiopathogenesis, of these atypical and new cases of human prion disease — cases of what is apparently a totally new form of rapidly developing Creuzfeldt-Jacob Disease — we focus on the chronology of the symptomatic development. We consider it from an anamnestic point of view — one in which we compare the typical development of pre-COVID cases of Creuzfeldt-Jacob Disease to the extremely accelerated development of similar symptoms in the 26 cases under examination. By such an approach, we hope to work out the etiopathogenesis critical to understanding this new and much more rapidly developing human prion disease. By recalling the sequential pathway of that the formerly subacute and slowly developing disease followed in the past, and by comparing it with this new, extremely acute, rapidly developing prion disease — one following closely after one or more of the COVID-19 injections — we believe it is correct to infer that the injections caused the disease in these 26 cases. If so, they have probably also caused a many other cases that have gone undiagnosed because of their rapid progression to death. By late 2021, 20 had died within 4.76 months of the offending injection. Of those, 8 died suddenly within 2.5 months confirming the rapid progression of this accelerated form of Creuzfeldt-Jacob Disease. By June 2022, 5 more patients had died, and at the time of this current writing, only 1 remains still alive.
Overview of Preparation for Good Corporate Governance Accreditation at the Secretariat Unit at Siaga Raya Orthopedic Hospital in 2022.
Authors: Pramudita Faressa Aurelia , Nabila Anggun
Published: April 2023

Rumah Sakit sebagai salah satu institusi pelayanan kesehatan memiliki fungsi penting dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat sehingga dituntut untuk selalu meningkatkan mutu pelayanan yang diberikan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, beberapa dekade terkahir ini munculah istilah akreditasi untuk menilai kualitas suatu organisasi termasuk Rumah Sakit. Secara umum akreditasi adalah pengakuan terhadap mutu pelayanan Rumah Sakit setelah dilakukan penilaian bahwa Rumah Sakit telah memenuhi standar akreditasi yang disetujui oleh Pemerintah. Tujuannya untuk mendapatkan gambaran seberapa jauh Rumah Sakit di Indonesia telah memenuhi berbagai standar yang telah ditentukan, dengan demikian mutu pelayanan Rumah Sakit dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Dengan ini, akreditasi memerlukan Tata Kelola Rumah Sakit sebagai salah satu konsep yang dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas organisasi dan kinerja Rumah Sakit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat gambaran persiapan akreditasi tata kelola Rumah Sakit melalui pendekatan sistem (input-proses-output), dengan menggunakan metode survei pra akreditasi, self assessment, dan survei akreditasi yang dilakukan oleh surveyor.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI KOMBINASI EKSTRAK HERBA KUMIS KUCING (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.) DAN DAUN SALAM (Eugenia polyantha Wight.) PADA TIKUS JANTAN PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus L.)
Authors: Ma’rah Nurul Hidayatul , Waskita Kuncara Nata
Published: April 2023

Inflamasi merupakan reaksi lokal pada jaringan vaskular terhadap cedera yang ditandai dengan gejala seperti rubor (kemerahan), kalor (panas), dolor  (nyeri), dan turgor (pembengkakan). Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antiinflamasi kombinasi ekstrak herba kumis kucing dan daun salam pada volume udem kaki tikus jantan putih yang diinduksi karagenin 1%.Metode pembuatan ekstrak dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Sejumlah 25 ekor tikus putih jantan galur wistar dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Masing-masing kelompok diberi perlakuan secara oral dengan CMC 1% (kontrol negatif), natrium diklofenak 1,12 mg/kgBB (kontrol postif), kombinasi ekstrak herba kumis kucing dan daun salam dengan dosis 122,5 mg/kgBB : 125 mg/kgBB, 183,75 mg/kgBB : 62,5 mg/kgBB, 61,25 mg/kgBB : 187,5 mg/kgBB. Perlakuan 1 jam sebelum kaki tikus diinduksi dengan karagenin secara subplantar. Pengukuran volume kaki tikus dilakukan tiap 60 menit selama 5 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi ekstrak herba kumis kucing dan daun salam mempunyai efek antiinflamasi pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar dengan daya anti inflamasi sebesar 48.29%, 41.41%, dan 43.46%. Rata-rata volume udem digunakan untuk menghitung AUC, hasil AUC yang diperoleh untuk menghitung DAI (Daya Anti Inflamasi). Data DAI di analisis statistik dengan uji kruskall wallis nilai p=0,000 (p>0,05) dan kemudian untuk mengetahui perbedaan tiap kelompok dilakukan uji post hoc dengan mann whitney.  Dari hasil %DAI menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi ekstrak dengan dosis 122,5 mg/kgBB: 125 mg/kgBB memiliki efek antiinflamasi yang paling baik.
China’s special economic zones and the industrialisation of Africa
Authors:   Université de Montréal, Canada, Chen Lijuan
Published: April 2023

Africa’s interest in the Chinese experience of industrialisation has led to the development of SEZs on the continent. The past two decades have witnessed an evolution of Africa from relying on traditional industrial zones to implementing numerous modern international SEZs, and from having only seven China–Africa Economic and Trade Cooperation Zones to possessing modern African SEZs of various developers and operators. The African SEZs inspired by China are increasingly widespread. As a new strive for development, African industrialisation through SEZs is characterised by underlining export promotion and the preference for the labour-intensive manufacturing industry based on well-developed infrastructure and an active role of the state. China has been supporting African SEZs in the whole process from financing, construction, and management to industrial transfer and investments. Despite the significant opportunities that SEZs offer, African countries still face several limitations in implementing them successfully. African policy-makers and other actors involved in the SEZs can better adapt to the new approach of industrialisation by making relevant adjustments.
Formation en Chine et employabilité des diplômés camerounais de retour au pays
Authors:   Université de Yaoundé I, Cameroun, Guiaké Mathias , Gonondo Jean ,   Université de Maroua, Cameroun, Béché Emmanuel ,   Université de Maroua, Cameroun
Published: April 2023

La présente contribution s’intéresse à l’employabilité des diplômés Camerounais après leurs études en Chine. Elle cherche à déterminer la plus-value de la formation en Chine sur l’insertion professionnelle de retour au Cameroun. Elle se base principalement sur la méthode qualitative, employant ainsi l’entretien approfondi semi-structuré comme technique. Au total, 37 Camerounais ayant obtenu une Licence, un Master ou un PhD en Chine et de retour au Cameroun ont été interviewés. Les résultats montrent que la majorité des répondants ont obtenu un emploi au Cameroun soit depuis la Chine soit immédiatement à leur arrivée au Cameroun. Certains de ces répondants ont obtenu un emploi dans l’intervalle de un à six mois de temps de recherche ; très peu d’entre eux ont mis entre 7 et 9 mois avant d’obtenir leur emploi. Ils exercent pour la plupart dans l’enseignement du chinois et l’interprétariat/traduction. Des recommandations ont été formulées à l’endroit des étudiants camerounais en Chine et du gouvernement camerounais.
« Initiative la Ceinture et la Route » et le developpement en Afrique
Authors:   Zhejiang Normal University, China, Diallo Yoro
Published: April 2023

Cette année 2023 marque le dixième anniversaire de l’ « Initiative la Ceinture et la Route » (ICR). Lancée en septembre 2013 par le Président Chinois Xi Jinping, l’ICR est considérée aujourd’hui comme un nouveau modèle de développement mondial. En effet, dix ans après son lancement, l’ICR est passée d’un concept à une importante plate-forme qui s’est avérée politiquement et économiquement efficace. L’article qui a été consacré à ce sujet dans ce numéro nous a invité à en faire le thème de notre introduction.
Response of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L) to Plant Spacing
Authors: Ibrahim Babkir A , Eldey Entisar M. , Ishag Adam A. , Naim Ahmed M. El
Published: April 2023

Agriculture is an important sector of Sudan economy and is the backbone of growth, poverty reduction, and sustainable development. Sunflower has become an important crop for both farmers and consumers in Sudan, fits well in the local cropping system and is considered the most important cash crop of the country. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Farm, University of Kassala (New Halfa) of Sudan, to investigate the influence of cultivars and planting Spacing on plant growth and yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L). It consisted of two cultivars (pannar-735 and Damazin-1) and three plant spacing’s (10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm). Treatments were arranged in a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD), in three replications. The results revealed, the cultivar, pannar- 735, early flowering, significantly highest hundred seed weight, seeds number per disc, seed yield (g/plant) and final yield (3.00 ton/ha). The Intra-row spacing of 30 cm had a thicker stem diameter, a highest number of seeds per head, 100-seed weight, seed yield per plant and final seed yield (3.34 ton/ha). The study revealed that the sunflower hybrid pannar-735 and plant spacing 30 cm apart is the best for New Halfa Eastern of Sudan.
Primary School PE Teachers Classroom Teaching Difficulties and Countermeasures
Authors: Xiong Jinghui
Published: April 2023

Physical education teachers are an important part of primary school teachers. As an important subject, physical education has a direct impact on the quality and level of physical education in China in terms of knowledge and skills. Therefore, physical education has received more and more attention. Physical education teachers are the key factors that determine the effectiveness of physical education. Through the investigation of the teaching situation of PE teachers in remote primary schools, it is found that most of them are part-time teachers. They are tired of teaching ideas, heavy teaching tasks and traditional teaching methods, which can not meet the needs of the rapid development of sports today. Through field investigation, this study explains the difficulties in the teaching of primary school physical education teachers, finds out the causes, and puts forward some feasible suggestions for these specific problems.
The Application of Behavior Contract in Education
Authors: Liu Lin , Liu Yong , Wang Tao , Liu Yanxia
Published: April 2023

Behavior contract is the agreement of the relationship between the completion of specific behavior and the acquisition and distribution of specific rewards. This method can be used in education for a variety of behavior changes, such as to improve individual learning habits, academic performance, weight control, daily habits and so on. It is also conducive to the improvement of individual self-management ability. In the implementation of the behavior contract, the educator and the educated must respect each other and agree on the relevant content through the form of consultation. This helps them to enhance the self-binding behavior of the parties and make them more willing to comply with the terms of the contract. Whether to make the contract public or not, educators should handle it carefully according to the personality characteristics of the parties and the characteristics of the acts in the contract. Educators also need to obtain the consent of the parties before making public the deed of conduct.
Evaluation of Some Immunological Parameters in with Men Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Al-Haddad Senan Abd Al-Razaq , Jwad Saher Mahmood
Published: April 2023

The Aim: The study aims to the possibility of depending on some immunological criteria (monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1, MCP-3) and interleukin-18).

Study Design: The study is indicators for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and avoiding its development to advanced stages.

Place and Duration of Study: Endocrinology Center / Al-Sadr Medical City and also Al-Manathira General Hospital / Al-Najaf Governorate, their ages ranged between (30- 60) years old, and the study continued for the period from 1/10/2022 to 31/3/2023 after obtaining the consent of the two study groups.

Methodology: The study included the follow-up of (90) men, (30) healthy individuals and (60) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to periodic clinical examination ,the estimation of glycosylated hemoglobin ratio (HbA1c) and evaluation of immunological parameters represented in levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1 , MCP-3 ) and interleukin-18 .

Results: The study diagnosed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in glycosylated hemoglobin ratio, monocyte chemoattractant protein MCP-1, MCP-3) and interleukin-18 ,and in contrast to a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in men with diabetes mellitus type II compared to healthy men.

The study also showed a significant effect (P < 0.05) for the age groups on the glycosylated hemoglobin ratio and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-3), and conversely a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ,while no significant differences appeared (P > 0.05) in levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) and interleukin-18. Also, a notable impact (P < 0.05) was observed for the duration of diabetes mellitus on the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1 , MCP-3 ),whereas no substantial differences appeared (P > 0.05) in levels of glycosylated hemoglobin ratio, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and interleukin-18.

In addition to the foregoing, the trial recorded a significant influence (P < 0.05) of body mass index on the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-3),while no noticeable differences appeared (P > 0.05)in, the glycosylated hemoglobin ratio , glomerular filtration rate(GFR),and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1).

Moreover, a significant effect (P < 0.05) for stages of diabetic nephropathy was diagnosed on the glycosylated hemoglobin ratio, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1, MCP-3), interleukin-18 and glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Conclusion: It is possible to depend on the increased levels of some immunological indicators especially MCP-1, MCP-3 and interleukin-18 as predictive biomarkers to diagnose the progression to advance stages of the diabetic nephropathy if this coincides with a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate.
Serodiagnosis of map infection by latex agglutination test in slaugtered buffaloes of Malwa region (M.P., India)
Authors: Jatav Gaya Prasad , Jayraw Anantrao Kashiram , Shukla Supriya , Singh Shoor Vir , Chaubey Kundan Kumar , Shakya Mukesh
Published: April 2023

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of chronic enteritis which is commonly called as Johne’s disease (JD) in animals which is associated with several incurable, auto-immune diseases like Crohn’s disease in human beings. In the current study, 19 serum samples of buffaloes were collected irrespective of their age, sex and breed which were slaughtered at Cantonment board slaughterhouse, Mhow and Nagar Nigam, Indore. These animals were brought from different places of Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh. For detection of anti-MAP antibodies, the latex agglutination test was performed following the standard procedure (Cheong Koo et al., 2004). The present investigation recorded 52.63% MAP infection in slaughtered buffaloes.
Successful management of mid cycle estrus in Murrah buffaloes- A prelimnary case study
Authors: Gupta Chhavi , Kumar Subramanian Ganesh , Ramprabhu Raja , Satheshkumar Soundarapandian , Edwin Soosaimarian Cross
Published: April 2023

Two pleuriparous Murrah buffaloes were presented with the history of artificial insemination 9 days back and since early morning animal exhibiting signs of estrus. Per rectal and ultrasonographical examination revealed presence of dominant follicle and CL on different or same ovary at the same time, uterus was toned and oedematous with scanty thick cervico vaginal discharge on back retching. To study the hormonal milieu serum progesterone estimation was done in both mid cycle estrus buffaloes and in other two animals with normal estrous cycle in same stage (Day 9 from the last date of A.I.). The diameter of CL was larger in buffaloes exhibiting midcycle estrus than that of true estrus. In this case study, during mid-cycle estrus secretion of estrogen was higher from dominant follicle of first follicular wave and due lower progesterone concentration from insufficient CL animal exhibit signs of estrum in mid lutel phase.
Foetal mummification and its obstetrical management in a graded Murrah buffalo – A case report
Authors: Raju Suresh Kumar , Abdul Reshma , Karuppasamy Krishnakumar , Tulasiraman Sarath , Devarajan Reena , Sreerangan Rangasamy , Jeyakumar Umamageswari
Published: April 2023

Obstetrical management of a rare case of fetal mummification in a buffalo is reported and discussed.
Meconium aspiration pneumonia in Murrah buffalo calves
Authors: Kamdi Bhupesh , Singh Rajendra , Singh Vidya , Singh Shailendra , Kumar Pawan
Published: April 2023

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is caused due to respiratory distress to the fetus during or before parturition. As a result of asphyxia, the fetal gasping causes meconic amniotic fluid entry into the respiratory air passages and pulmonary complications, and sometimes death of the newborn. In the present study, two cases of MAS in murrah buffalo calves born full term by assisted delivery and died after few hours of delivery were received for routine postmortem examination. Necropsy examination revealed diffuse mosaic-pattern - like lesions in the lungs characterized by dark brown-to-red deflated (atelectatic) lobes and small irregular pale raised multi focal partially inflated tiny areas amidst the atelectatic lobes. The respiratory passages were filled with aspirated substances. Microscopically, bronchoalveloar lumen contained with keratin, squames and subtle meconium along with mild infiltration of neutrophils in the alveolar parenchyma. The MAS in murrah buffalo calves in the present study was similar in presentation with that reported in human babies due to the MAS. These cases add further information on MAS in the buffaloes to the scanty literature on this condition.
Scenario and strategies for sustainable buffalo production in Eastern region of India
Authors: Chandran Poolangulam Chinnakkan , Dey Amitava , Barari Samir Kumar , Kamal Reena
Published: April 2023

Rearing buffaloes is one of the important activities in low input livestock management system of Eastern region of India. The region possesses almost 20% of total buffalo population of the country though the population is declining in many states. Bihar and Jharkhand are the only states in which growth in buffalo population is witnessed. Most of the buffaloes in the Eastern region belong to riverine type. Performance of the buffaloes in terms of milk production traits, though varying, it is significant in many pockets in the region. Various strategies which comprise field, farm and laboratory activities have been discussed in this paper in order to improve the productivity of buffaloes vis-à-vis livelihood status of poor and needy farmers.
Successful management of post parturient complete prolapse of uterus in a non-descript buffalo - A case report
Authors: Mathew Kolangath Sujit , Bhaskar Chavan Nitin , Subhash Dube Yogesh , Abaji Khatke Prashant , Amrutrao Palve Ganesh
Published: April 2023

Prolapse is a common ailment associated with parturition in cattle and buffaloes. An eight-year-old, non-descript buffalo with the history of aggressive assistance during parturition was presented at farmers doorstep for third degree complete uterine prolapse. The prolapsed mass haemorrhagic and soiled, the mass was cleaned maintaining all aseptic measures. Animal was restrained and using the three-step management reduction, reposition and retention of the prolapsed mass was undertaken. The blood parameters indicated anaemia, neutrophilia, and eosinophilia, while the serum profile indicated hypocalcaemia. The case was managed rationally by rehydration, supplementation of energy and calcium. The infection and trauma of uterus was managed with antibiotic therapy, analgesics and antiallergics. The animal recovered uneventfully without a relapse of the uterine prolapse.
Growth curves of swamp buffaloes (Bubalus b. carabanensis) under rearing in cow house
Authors: Raungprim Taweeporn , Sarataphan Nachai , Maitreejet Wisut , Laodim Thawee , Chansomboon Chatchai , Thongphrai Phornpon , Majarune Sutisa
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth curve of 525 monthly body weight data of 19 males (n=313) and 8 females (n=212) swamp buffaloes (Bubalus b. carabanensis), from birth to slaughter age (25 months). The nonlinear models used were: logistic, Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy and Brody. The parameters were estimated by NLIN procedure, and the criteria used to evaluate the adjustment given by the models were Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and coefficient of determination (R2). The results indicated that the better fit of Brody model than the Logistic, Gompertz, and Von Bertalanffy models to our data. The parameters estimate for Brody model [WT = α * (1-βe-k*AGE)] were α = 902.00±45.9912, β = 0,9727±0.0089, k = 0.0483±0.0044, R2 = 0.9748. The estimation of birth and slaughter weights were 24.6596±8.8367 and 639.6467 6.4019 kg, respectively as well as the maturation rate (k) to achieve the mature weigh (α) of 902.00±45.9912 kg was 0.0483±0.0044. Growth curve of weight vs. age of swamp buffalo rearing under intensive system from birth to 25 months old adjusted to the Brody nonlinear model showed growth in a sigmoid-curve model and more accurate in expecting the birth weight of these animals.
KARL MARX EN DE TAO
Authors: Vandamme Fernand
Published: April 2023

De politieke stromingen wisselen zeer snel. Dikwijls duiken dezelfde ideeën weer op onder een andere label. Het is dan ook wel interessant in deze ontwikkelingen de overeenkomsten en verschillen zowel oppervlakkig maar soms ook diepgaand in het oog te houden. Zo zien we in de politiek en de politieke ideologieën, termen als “links” en “rechts” veel gebruikt. Andere veel gebruikte termen zijn “sociaal”, “socialistisch”, “liberaal”, “individu-alistisch”, maar ook “democraat” en “republikein”, “nationaalsocialistisch”, “fascistisch”, “links liberaal” of “sociaal liberaal”, “rechts liberaal”, enz... Een nieuw element werd wel geïntroduceerd met de label “ecologisch” als een term die een verbreding is van de “sociaal” omvattende levende omgeving. Een andere nieuwe structurele inbreng krijgen we met termen als “feministisch”, “gender / trans-gender”, “hetero / homo…” die in het verleden eerder in de rand van de taboesfeer huisden, nu meer en meer het politieke landschap mee kleuren.
EUROPESE EUCULTURALISATIE?
Authors: Vandamme Fernand
Published: April 2023

Culturen zijn constructies van mensen om zich onderling te ontwikkelen, om te leven, zich aan te passen aan de omgeving (adaptatie), de omgeving aan te passen (accommodatie), inclusief aan andere groepen, ander leven, en aan de uitdagingen ter zake. Onderwijs, opleiding, studiebegeleiding zijn vitale instrumenten in de culturalisatie.
Collagen-Based Grafts and Autologous Dura Replacement in Patients with Dura Abnormalities: A Retrospective Comparative Evaluation
Authors: Waheed Zahra Mannan , Firdous Saima , Butt Fahad Rafiq , Khan Sana Afzal , Ndubuisi Chinonso , Hussain Abrar
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Accidental spinal anomalies of the spinal dura mater are the source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. Typically, dura abnormalities are identified in 3 percent of endoscopic lumbar discectomy cases. Objective: The purpose of the current research was to evaluate the results of autologous dura replacement versus collagen-based grafts in individuals with dura deformities. Methods: The Institute of Neurosurgery at Liaquat National Hospital Karachi undertook this randomized evaluation to identify the most effective therapy for dura mater defects. Employing non-probability random selection, 82 cases among both sexes were selected. Participants were divided randomly into two subgroups i.e. Group 1A received an autologous graft for dura restoration, whereas Group 2B received a semi-synthetic dura replacement. A skilled surgeon led a medical team of six people who completed the entire process. Results: The operation duration for semi-synthetic collagen was significantly reduced. There was a 40 minute variation in total time spent by the two groups. Autologous grafts showed ideal tightness and better flexibility and fair workability on the other hand semi-synthetic collagen showed better tightness and workability and ideal flexibility. Postoperative hospital stays were seen to be 26 + 2.5 hours in Group 1A whereas they were 23 + 2.5 hours for Group B. Conclusion: According to the aforementioned findings, an accessible, secure, and efficient substitution for an autologous graft for dura restoration in dura abnormalities is the use of a semi-synthetic collagen substitute. Keywords: semi-synthetic collagen substitute, cerebrospinal fluid, dura abnormalities, autologous graft.