bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Bases in Water
Authors: Fraile José M. , Herrerías Clara I. , Mayoral José A.
Published: June 2010

The number of examples that can be considered as green efforts towards the use of bases in combination with water is rather small. The chapter has been divided in two main blocks, that is, liquid‐liquid processes (base dissolved in the reaction medium) and solid‐liquid processes (use of a solid base), showing in each case the use of stoichiometric or catalytic amounts of base.
Green Reduction in Water
Authors: Wu Xiaofeng , Xiao Jianliang
Published: June 2010

This chapter summarizes the major advances in aqueous‐phase reduction made in the past several years. The coverage includes water‐soluble ligands and catalysts, hydrogenation, and transfer hydrogenation, drawing examples from both achiral and chiral reactions, and a brief discussion of the role of water. Various functional groups are featured, including CC, CO, CN, CO
2
, and arenes. Although homogeneous metal catalysts are the focal point, examples of heterogeneous reduction are also highlighted, as are biomimetic catalysts.
“On Water” for Green Chemistry
Authors: Liu Li , Wang Dong
Published: June 2010

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Pericyclic Reactions

Addition of Heteronucleophiles to Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds

Enantioselective Direct Aldol Reactions

Coupling Reactions

Transition Metal‐catalyzed Cross‐coupling Reactions

Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions

Oxidation

Bromination Reactions

Miscellaneous Reactions

Nucleophilic Substitution

Functionalization of
SWNTs

Theoretical Studies

Conclusion
Pericyclic Reactions in Water. Towards Green Chemistry
Authors: Klijn Jaap E. , Engberts Jan B.F.N.
Published: June 2010

This chapter provides an overview of the recent progress in performing synthetically important pericyclic reactions in (and “on”) water. In the past, these reactions were almost exclusively carried out in organic solvents to avoid problems arising from the limited solubility of the reagents in aqueous media. In the early eighties of last century, however, it was found that, rather unexpectedly, many types of pericyclic transformations possess greatly enhanced rates and often more favorable stereochemistry in water. Detailed mechanistic studies have now revealed how these advantages of aqueous reaction media depend on the type of the reaction and on the structural features of the initial state (IS) and activated complex (AC) of the various cycloadditions. This work is reviewed in some detail. Enforced hydrophobic interactions of the IS as well as hydrogen‐bond stabilization of the AC, characteristic for water as the reaction medium, were, in most cases, identified as major reasons for the observed kinetic and stereochemical phenomena. More recently it was found that there are also good possibilities for catalyzing pericyclic reactions in water. Particularly enantioselective Lewis acid‐catalyzed Diels‐Alder reactions have been investigated in detail. Green chemistry greatly benefits from these developments since water is the ultimate green solvent for enviromentally friendly chemical transformations. The future for aqueous organic chemistry looks bright.
Non‐conventional Energy Sources for Green Synthesis in Water (Microwave, Ultrasound, and Photo)
Authors: Polshettiwar Vivek , Varma Rajender S.
Published: June 2010

The most important goal for chemists is to ensure that the next generation of synthetic protocols for drugs and fine chemical synthesis is more sustainable and greener than the current generation. This can be achieved using non‐conventional energy sources, such as microwave, ultrasound, and photochemical chemistry, in conjugation with aqueous reaction media, which dramatically reduce chemical waste and reaction times. This chapter summarizes recent developments in this area.
Functionalization of Carbohydrates in Water
Authors: Scherrmann Marie‐Christine , Lubineau André , Queneau Yves
Published: June 2010

Carbohydrate chemistry and chemistry in water go well with each other for three main reasons. First, the synthesis of carbohydrate derivatives of biological relevance has profited from the advances in the use of aqueous media as solvents, leading to new compounds with improved reactivity and selectivity. Second, carbohydrates, being water soluble, have been used as water solubility inducers for water‐promoted reactions. Third, part of the chemistry devoted to the use of carbohydrates as raw materials, as an alternative to fossil resources, is performed in water. Indeed, it is now strategic to combine different key principles of green chemistry, namely the use of clean solvents and the use of renewable starting materials in synthetic chemistry. Moreover, it can be connected with the design of new derivatives with improved environmental properties. The chapter focuses on the chemistry of small carbohydrates (not polysaccharides), reviewing CC bond formation reactions involved in multi‐step syntheses of complex structures or in direct processes towards functional derivatives, CN and CO bond formation reactions. The latter aspect, which deals with the reactivity of sugars as polyols, is an extremely large topic, and for reasons of conciseness the main issues of this chemistry will be illustrated by focusing on the example of sucrose, the most available small carbohydrate. Also, some approaches in which a carbohydrate serves as a polar appendage which provides the water solubility necessary to take advantage of hydrophobic effects are described, in addition to the use of aqueous solutions of sugars as media in which hydrophobic effects are intensified.
Water Under Extreme Conditions for Green Chemistry
Authors: Savage Phillip E. , Rebacz Natalie A.
Published: June 2010

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Background

Properties of
HTW

Process Engineering Considerations

Theoretical, Computational, and Experimental Methods

Classical Theory

Molecular and Computational Modeling

Experimental Methods

p
H
Effects

Recent Progress in
HTW
Synthesis

Hydrogenation

C

C
Bond Formation

Friedel–Crafts Alkylation

Heck Coupling

Nazarov Cyclization

Condensation

Hydrolysis

Rearrangements

Hydration/Dehydration

Elimination

Partial Oxidation to Form Carboxylic Acids

C

C
Bond Cleavage

H
–
D
Exchange

Amidation

Acknowledgments
Water as a Green Solvent for Bulk Chemicals
Authors: Joó Ferenc , Kathó Ágnes
Published: June 2010

Bulk chemicals industry rely mostly on heterogeneous catalysis; nevertheless, there are also several homogeneous processes applying soluble catalysts. This chapter describes those transition metal complex‐catalyzed processes for bulk chemicals in which the use of water as a solvent is a key element of technology and catalyst recovery. Water is used as the solvent in the biphasic hydroformylation of propene with a water‐soluble rhodium–sulfonated triphenylphosphine catalyst (the Ruhrchemie–Rhône‐Poulenc process) and in the telomerization of butadiene and water with a water‐soluble Pd(II)–phosphine catalyst (Kuraray process). These processes are described in detail and compared with those in which organic solvents are used. Other hydroformylation processes treated in this chapter use water as a solvent for induced phase separation and/or extraction. In general, the use of water allowed efficient catalyst recovery and recycle with losses in the lower ppb range and dramatic simplifications of technologies. In addition to its other advantageous properties, the non‐flammability and high heat capacity of water are outstandingly important characteristics for safety and in designing technological process details in the production of large quantities of chemicals. The overall result is characterized by improved economics and substantially reduced environmental impact.
The Green Synthesis of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Deetlefs Maggel , Seddon Kenneth R.
Published: June 2010

The sections in this article are

TheStatus Quoof Green Ionic Liquid Syntheses

Ionic Liquid Preparations Evaluated for Greenness

Which Principles of Green Chemistry are Relevant to Ionic Liquid Preparations?

Atom Economy and theE‐factor

Atom Economy

TheE‐factor

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) Analyses

Conductive Heating Preparation of 1‐Alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Halide Salts

Purification of 1‐Alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Halide Salts

SWOTAnalysis: Conductively Heated Preparation of 1‐Alkyl‐3‐Methylimidazolium Halide Salts and Their Subsequent Purification

Ionic Liquid Syntheses Promoted by Microwave Irradiation

Microwave‐assisted Versus Traditional Ionic Liquid Preparations

SWOTAnalysis: Microwave‐promoted Syntheses of Ionic Liquids

Syntheses of Ionic Liquids Promoted by Ultrasonic Irradiation

SWOTAnalysis: Ultrasound‐promoted Syntheses of Ionic Liquids

Simultaneous Use of Microwave and Ultrasonic Irradiation to Prepare Ionic Liquids

SWOTAnalysis: Simultaneous Use of Microwave and Ultrasonic Irradiation to Prepare Ionic Liquids

Preparation of Ionic Liquids Using Microreactors

SWOTAnalysis: Preparation of Ionic Liquids Using Microreactors

Purification of Ionic Liquids with Non‐halide Anions

Purification of HydrophobicVersusHydrophilic Ionic Liquids

SWOTAnalyses: Purification of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Ionic Liquids

Decolorization of Ionic Liquids

SWOTAnalysis: Decolorization of Ionic Liquids

Conclusion

Acknowledgments
Green Organic Synthesis in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Wasserscheid Peter , Joni Joni
Published: June 2010

The sections in this article are

General Aspects

The Extremely Low Vapor Pressure of Ionic Liquids

Stability of Ionic Liquids in Organic Reactions

Liquid–Liquid Biphasic Organic Reactions

Tunable Solubility Properties

Product Isolation from Organic Reactions with Ionic Liquids

Reactive or Catalytic Ionic Liquids in Organic Synthesis

Friedel–Crafts Alkylation

Introduction and Technical Background

Ionic Liquids in Friedel–Crafts Reaction ‐ the Unique Selling Point

Liquid–Liquid Biphasic Catalysis

Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) Friedel–Crafts Catalysis
Transition Metal Catalysis in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Wasserscheid Peter
Published: June 2010

The sections in this article are

Solubility and Immobilization of Transition Metal Complexes in Ionic Liquids

Ionic Liquid–Catalyst Interaction

Activation of Transition Metal Complexes by Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquids

In SituCarbene Complex Formation

Distillative Product Isolation from Ionic Catalyst Solutions

New Opportunities for Biphasic Catalysis

Green Aspects of Nanoparticle and Nanocluster Catalysis in Ionic Liquids

Green Aspects of Heterogeneous Catalysis in Ionic Liquids

Green Chemistry Aspects of Hydroformylation Catalysis in Ionic Liquids

Feedstock Solubility

Catalyst Solubility and Immobilization

Use of Phosphite Ligands in Ionic Liquids

Halogen‐containing Ionic Liquids Versus Halogen‐free Ionic Liquids in Hydroformylation

Hydroformylation inscCO2–Ionic Liquid Multiphasic Systems

Reducing the Amount of Ionic liquid Necessary – the Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) Catalyst Technology in Hydroformylation

Conclusion
Ionic Liquids in the Manufacture of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural from Saccharides. An Example of the Conversion of Renewable Resources to Platform Chemicals
Authors: Stark Annegret , Ondruschka Bernd
Published: June 2010

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Areas of Application forHMFand its Derivatives

Direct Uses ofHMF

Derivatives ofHMF

Summary: Application ofHMFand Its Derivatives

HMFManufacture

General Aspects ofHMFManufacture

Methods of Manufacture ofHMFfrom Fructose

Methods of Manufacture ofHMFfrom Sugars Other Than Fructose

Deficits inHMFManufacture

Goals of Study

HMFManufacture in Ionic Liquids – Results of Detailed Studies in the Jena Laboratories

Temperature

Concentration and Time

Effect of Water

Effect of Purity

Effect of the Choice of Ionic Liquid

Other Saccharides

Continuous Processing ofHMF

Conclusion
Cellulose Dissolution and Processing with Ionic Liquids
Authors: Vagt Uwe
Published: June 2010

The sections in this article are

General Aspects

Dissolution of Cellulose in Ionic Liquids

Rheological Behavior of Cellulose Solutions in Ionic Liquids

Regeneration of the Cellulose and Recycling of the Ionic Liquid

Cellulosic Fibers

Cellulose Derivatives

Fractionation of Biomass with Ionic Liquids

Conclusion and Outlook
Green Separation Processes with Ionic Liquids
Authors: Meindersma Wytze (G. W.) , Onink Ferdy (S. A. F.) , de Haan André B.
Published: June 2010

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Liquid Separations

Extraction

Metal Extraction

Extraction of Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Proteins

Extractive Distillation

Conventional Process

Ionic Liquids in Extractive Distillation

Conclusions

Environmental Separations

Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Fuels

Conventional Desulfurization

Desulfurization with Ionic Liquids

Oxidative Desulfurization

Conclusions

Combination of Separations in the Liquid Phase with Membranes

Conclusions

Gas Separations

Conventional Processes

CO2Separation with Standard Ionic Liquids

CO2Separation with Functionalized Ionic Liquids

CO2Separation with Ionic Liquid (Supported) Membranes

Olefin–Paraffin Separations with Ionic Liquids

Conclusions

Engineering Aspects

Equipment

Hydrodynamics

Mass Transfer

Conclusions

Design of a Separation Process

Introduction

Application ofCOSMO‐RS

Conclusions

Conclusions
Applications of Ionic Liquids in Electrolyte Systems
Authors: Pitner William R. , Kirsch Peer , Kawata Kentaro , Shinohara Hiromi
Published: June 2010

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Electrolyte Properties of Ionic Liquids

Electrochemical Stability

Dye‐sensitized Solar Cells
Ionic Liquids as Lubricants
Authors: Uerdingen Marc
Published: June 2010

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Why Are Ionic Liquids Good Lubricants?

Wear and Friction Behavior

Pressure Behavior

Thermal Stability

Viscosity Index and Pour Point

Corrosion

Electric Conductivity

Ionic Greases

Applications, Conclusion and Future Challenges
New Working Pairs for Absorption Chillers
Authors: Seiler Matthias , Schwab Peter
Published: June 2010

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Absorption Chillers

Requirements and Challenges

Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer

Crystallization Behavior

Corrosion Behavior

Viscosity

Thermal Stability

State of the Art and Selected Results

Abbreviations
Design of Inherently Safer Ionic Liquids: Toxicology and Biodegradation
Authors: Matzke Marianne , Arning Jürgen , Ranke Johannes , Jastorff Bernd , Stolte Stefan
Published: June 2010

The sections in this article are

Introduction

TheT‐SARApproach and the “Test Kit” Concept

Strategy for the Design of Sustainable Ionic Liquids

(Eco)toxicity of Ionic Liquids

Influence of the Side Chain

Influence of the Head Group

Influence of the Anion

Toxicity of Ionic Liquids as a Function of the Surrounding Medium

Combination Effects

(Quantitative) Structure–Activity Relationships and Modes of Toxic Action

Conclusion

Biodegradability of Ionic Liquids

Introduction

Testing of Biodegradability

Results from Biodegradation Experiments

Biodegradability of Ionic Liquid Anions

Biodegradability of Imidazolium Compounds

Pyridinium and 4‐(Dimethylamino)pyridinium Compounds

Biodegradability of Other Head Groups

Misleading Interpretation of Biodegradation Data

Metabolic Pathways of Ionic Liquid Cations

Abiotic Degradation

Outlook

Conclusion

Toxicity and (Eco)toxicity of Ionic Liquids

Biodegradability of Ionic Liquids

The Goal Conflict in Designing Sustainable Ionic Liquids

Final Remarks
Eco‐efficiency Analysis of an Industrially Implemented Ionic Liquid‐based Process – theBASFBASILProcess
Authors: Saling Peter , Maase Matthias , Vagt Uwe
Published: June 2010

The sections in this article are

The Eco‐efficiency Analysis Tool

General Aspects

The Methodological Approach

Introduction

What is Eco‐efficiency Analysis?

Preparation of a Specific Life‐cycle Analysis for All Investigated Products and Processes

The Design of the Eco‐efficiency Study ofBASIL

Selected Single Results

Energy Consumption

Global Warming Potential (GWP)

Water Emissions

The Ecological Fingerprint

Cost Calculation

The Creation of the Eco‐efficiency Portfolio

Scenario Analysis

Conclusion

Outlook
Perspectives of Ionic Liquids as Environmentally Benign Substitutes for Molecular Solvents
Authors: Ott Denise , Kralisch Dana , Stark Annegret
Published: June 2010

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Evaluation and Optimization ofR&DProcesses: Developing a Methodology

Solvent Selection Tools

LCAMethodology

TheECOMethod

The Key Objectives

The Evaluation and Optimization Procedure

Assessment of Ionic Liquid Synthesis – Case Studies

Synthesis of Ionic Liquids: Extract from the Optimization Procedure

Validation ofEFas an Indicator for Several Impact Categories of theLCAMethodology

Comparison of the Life Cycle Environmental Impacts of the Manufacture of Ionic Liquids with Molecular Solvents

Assessment of the Application of Ionic Liquids in Contrast to Molecular Solvents

Case Study: Diels–Alder Reaction

Evaluation of the Solvent Performance

Evaluation of the Energy FactorEF

Evaluation of the Environmental and Human Health FactorEHF‐ Examples

Evaluation of the Cost FactorCF

Alternative Ionic Liquid Choices

Decision Support

Conclusions
Exploiting all combinations of microphone sensors in overdetermined frequency domain blind separation of speech signals
Authors: Zhang Yonggang , Chambers Jonathon A.
Published: June 2010

A new approach to overdetermined frequency domain blind source separation (BSS) of speech signals which exploits all combinations of observations and hence varying inter microphone spacings is proposed. The observations are divided into subgroups so that conventional frequency domain BSS algorithms can be used. By evaluating the separation performance obtained from each group on the basis of approximately measuring the independence of separated signals, the output of the group that has the best performance among all groups on a frequency‐by‐frequency basis is chosen as the overall output. The separated signals of the overall system are then obtained by transforming their frequency domain representations into the time domain. Simulation results based on speech signals confirm that the proposed approach has better performance based on the performance index (PI) as compared with a conventional scheme using only one microphone group and an existing overdetermined frequency domain BSS algorithm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
H∞ filtering for continuous‐time singular systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Zhu Xunlin , Wang Youyi , Gan Yong
Published: June 2010

This paper focuses on H∞ filter design for continuous‐time singular systems with time‐varying delay. A delay‐dependent H∞ performance analysis result is first established for error systems via a novel estimation method. By combining a well‐known inequality with a delay partition technique, the upper bound of the derivative of the Lyapunov functional is estimated more tightly and expressed as a convex combination with respect to the reciprocal of the delay rather than the delay. Based on the derived H∞ performance analysis results, a regular and impulse‐free H∞ filter is designed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A numerical example is given to demonstrate the merits of the proposed method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cationic Polyelectrolyte Amplified Bead Array for DNA Detection with Zeptomole Sensitivity and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Selectivity
Authors: Wang Chun , Zhan Ruoyu , Pu Kan‐Yi , Liu Bin
Published: June 2010

A highly sensitive strand specific DNA assay, which consists of a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe, a cationic conjugated polymer (PFVP), and self‐assembled polystyrene beads in microwell arrays on silicon chip, is reported. PFVP, as an efficient signal amplifier and signal reporter, has been specially designed and synthesized to be compatible with commercial confocal microscopes for sensing on solid substrates. The assay operates on the net increase in negative charge at the PNA surface that occurs upon single‐stranded DNA hybridization, which subsequently allows complex formation with the positively charged PFVP to favor energy transfer between the polymer and Cy5‐labeled target. With maximized surface contact provided by bead arrays and signal amplification provided by PFVP, this assay allows detection of ∼300 copies of Cy5‐labeled DNA using a commercial confocal microscope. In addition, the same strategy is also extended for label‐free DNA detection with a detection sensitivity of 150 attomole. Excellent discrimination against single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is also demonstrated for both Cy5‐labeled and label‐free target detection. This study indicates that cationic conjugated polymers have great potential to be incorporated into the widely used microarray technology for simplified process with improved detection sensitivity.
Surface Nanometer‐Scale Patterning in Realizing Large‐Scale Ordered Arrays of Metallic Nanoshells with Well‐Defined Structures and Controllable Properties
Authors: Yang Shikuan , Cai Weiping , Kong Lingce , Lei Yong
Published: June 2010

Surface patterns of nanoshell arrays play an important role in diverse applications including surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors, lithium‐ion batteries, solar cells, and optical devices. This paper describes an innovative surface nanopatterning technique for realizing large‐scale ordered arrays of metallic spherical nanoshells with well‐defined structures. Ag nanoshell arrays are prepared using polystyrene sphere templates by an electrophoretic process in Ag colloidal solutions. The fabricated Ag nanoshell arrays have a high controllability of the structural parameters, including the diameter, the surface roughness, and the intershell spacing, giving rise to the tunable properties of nanoshell arrays. As an example, tunable SERS and localized surface plasmon resonance of the nanoshell arrays are demonstrated by controlling the structural parameters. The surface nanopatterning technique shown in this paper is a general fabrication process in achieving not only metallic nanoshell arrays, but also nanoshell arrays of semiconductors and metallic oxides.
A Molecular Brush Approach to Enhance Quantum Yield and Suppress Nonspecific Interactions of Conjugated Polyelectrolyte for Targeted Far‐Red/Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Cell Imaging
Authors: Pu Kan‐Yi , Li Kai , Liu Bin
Published: June 2010

A red‐fluorescent conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE, P2) is grafted with dense poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains via click chemistry and subsequently modified with folic acid to form a molecular brush based cellular probe (P4). P4 self‐assembles into a core–shell nanostructure in aqueous medium with an average size of 130 nm measured by laser light scattering. As compared to P2, P4 possesses not only a substantially higher quantum yield (11%), but also reduced nonspecific interactions with biomolecules in aqueous medium due to the shielding effect of PEG. In conjunction with its high photostability and low cytotoxicity, utilization of P4 as a far‐red/near‐infrared cellular probe allows for effective visualization and discrimination of MCF‐7 cancer cells from NIH‐3T3 normal cells in a high contrast, selective, and nonviral manner. This study thus demonstrates a flexible molecular brush approach to overcome the intrinsic drawbacks of CPEs for advanced bioimaging applications.
New applications of approximate methods in fluid mechanics
Authors: Ziabakhsh Z. , Domairry G. , Domiri Ammar , Moghimi S. M.
Published: June 2010

In this paper, we have modeled boundary layer flows induced by continuous stretched surfaces by implementing one of the newest analytical methods of solving nonlinear differential equations called homotopy analysis method (HAM), which gives us a vast freedom to choose the answer type. We have used an iterating analytical method to cope with the nonlinearity. A new adapting boundary condition is proposed in this work that is based on an initial guess and then it is developed to the solution expression. The analytic results are compared with the numerical solution (NS) and the comparison reveals that a good agreement exists between the NS and HAM solution. Also the convergence of the obtained HAM solution is discussed explicitly. The obtained approximate solutions are valid for all values of the dimensionless parameter β, as it is shown later in the paper. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bis(allyl)ruthenium(IV) Complexes Containing Water‐Soluble Phosphane Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Application as Catalysts in the Selective Hydration of Organonitriles into Amides
Authors: Cadierno Victorio , Díez Josefina , Francos Javier , Gimeno José
Published: June 2010

The novel mononuclear ruthenium(IV) complexes [RuCl2(η3:η3‐C10H16)(L)] [L=(meta‐sulfonatophenyl)diphenylphosphane sodium salt (TPPMS) (2 a), 1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13, 7]decane (PTA) (2 b), 1‐benzyl‐3,5‐diaza‐1‐azonia‐7‐phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13, 7]decane chloride (PTA‐Bn) (2 c), 3,7‐diacetyl‐1,3,7‐triaza‐5‐phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (DAPTA) (2 d), and 2,4,10‐trimethyl‐1,2,4,5,7,10‐hexaaza‐3‐phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13, 7]decane (THPA) (2 e)] have been synthesized by treatment of the dimeric precursor [{RuCl(μ‐Cl)(η3:η3‐C10H16)}2] (C10H16=2,7‐dimethylocta‐2,6‐diene‐1,8‐diyl) (1) with two equivalents of the corresponding water‐soluble phosphane. Reaction of 1 with one equivalent of the cage‐type diphosphane ligand 2,3,5,6,7,8‐hexamethyl‐2,3,5,6,7,8‐hexaaza‐1,4‐diphosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (THDP) allowed also the high‐yield preparation of the dinuclear derivative [{RuCl2(η3:η3‐C10H16)}2(μ‐THDP)] (2 f). All these new complexes have been analytically and spectroscopically (IR and multinuclear NMR) characterized. In addition, the structure of 2 b, 2 c, 2 d, and 2 f was unequivocally confirmed by X‐ray diffraction methods. Complexes 2 a–f are active catalysts for the selective hydration of nitriles to amides in pure aqueous medium under neutral conditions. The wide scope of this catalytic transformation has been evaluated by using the most active catalysts [RuCl2(η3:η3‐C10H16)(THPA)] (2 e) and [{RuCl2(η3:η3‐C10H16)}2(μ‐THDP)] (2 f). Advantages of using MW versus conventional thermal heating are also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of Perovskite Type Compounds, ALaMnTaO6 (A: Sr, Ba).
Authors: HORIKUBI T. , WATANABE H. , KAMEGASHIRA N.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Caesium Nickel(II) Trichloride, CsNiCl3 and Tricaesium Nickel(II) Pentachloride, Cs3NiCl5.
Authors: SASSMANNSHAUSEN M. , LUTZ H. D.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of LiNiO2 Prepared via an Aqueous Solution Technique.
Authors: GARCIA B. , PEREIRA‐RAMOS J. P. , CAURANT D. , BAFFIER N.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Interaction of Trimethylsilyl and Trimethylstannyl Substituents with C—O Bonds at the γ Position. Results from X‐Ray Structural Studies and Solvolysis Studies of (I)—(IV).
Authors: GREEN A. J. , PIGDON T. , WHITE J. M. , YAMEN J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective cis‐Dihydroxylation of Azulene and Related Non‐Aromatic Polyenes.
Authors: BOWERS N. I. , BOYD D. R. , SHARMA N. D. , KENNEDY M. A. , SHELDRAKE G. N. , DALTON H.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Variant of the Takai—Utimoto Reaction of Acrolein Acetals with Aldehydes Catalytic in Chromium: A Highly Stereoselective Route to anti Diol Derivatives.
Authors: BOECKMAN R. K. JUN. , HUDACK R. A. JUN.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bicyclo[3.3.0]octanone Formation by Fe(III) Mediated Ring Expansion‐Transannular Cyclization Reactions of Cyclopropyl Ethers.
Authors: BOOKER‐MILBURN K. I. , DAINTY R. F.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Disulfides by the Oxidative Coupling of Thiols with Calcium Hypochlorite and Silica Gel in Hexane.
Authors: HIRANO M. , YAKABE S. , URAOKA N. , MORIMOTO T.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Oxidation of Silyl Enol Ethers with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Methyltrioxorhenium.
Authors: STANKOVIC S. , ESPENSON J. H.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypercoordination of Boron and Aluminum: Synthetic Utility as Chelating Lewis Acids.
Authors: OOI T. , URAGUCHI D. , KAGOSHIMA N. , MARUOKA K.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel(0)‐Catalyzed Couplings of Vinyl‐alanes and ‐zirconocenes with Chloromethylated Heteroaromatics: A Route to E‐Allylated Heterocycles.
Authors: LIPSHUTZ B. H. , KIM S.‐K. , MOLLARD P. , BLOMGREN P. A. , STEVENS K. L.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stille Coupling versus Cine Substitution. Electronic Effects also Influence Coupling Sterically Hindered Stannanes.
Authors: FLOHR A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Allylation and Reduction on an Ephedrine‐Derived Template: Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐Hydroxy Acids and Derivatives.
Authors: PANSARE S. V. , RAVI R. G. , JAIN R. P.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Both (R)‐ and (S)‐2‐Mercaptosuccinic Acids.
Authors: CHEN B.‐C. , BEDNARZ M. S. , KOCY O. R. , SUNDEEN J. E.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (E)‐Nitro Olefins by Copper Mediated Addition—Elimination Reaction of Organometallics to 2‐Nitro‐1‐phenylthiopropene.
Authors: STANETTY P. , KREMSLEHNER M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Difluoromethylation of Methyl N‐Aryldithiocarbamates.
Authors: PETKO K. I. , YAGUPOL'SKII L. M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (R)‐2‐Phenylpropanal: A Potentially New Route Towards Chiral 2‐Phenylalkanals.
Authors: BOTUHA C. , HADDAD M. , LARCHEVEQUE M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of m‐Acylaniline Derivatives by the Reaction of Tricarbonyl(cyclohexadienone O‐benzyloxime)iron Complex and Higher Order Cuprates
Authors: BAN S. H. , HAYASHI Y. , NARASAKA K.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lipase‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of 2‐Acyloxy‐2‐(pentafluorophenyl)acetonitrile
Authors: SAKAI T. , MIKI Y. , NAKATANI M. , EMA T. , UNEYAMA K. , UTAKA M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of 1,1,2,3,3‐Pentakis(arylthio)‐1‐propenes from Tris(arylthio)cyclopropenyl Cations and Their Conversion into 1,1,2,5,6,6‐Hexakis(arylthio)‐(3E)‐1,3,5‐hexatriene.
Authors: MATSUMURA N. , SHIMIZU Y. , YAGYU Y. , INOUE H. , MIZUNO K. , ADACHI T.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tl2CuAsO4, an Intermediate Phase in the Oxidation of Tl/Cu/As Alloys with Oxygen.
Authors: MOSER P. , JUNG W.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Layer Structure of Tl[CuAsO4] and Tl[CuPO4] with Layers of Thallium(I) with Stereoactive Lone Pair.
Authors: MOSER P. , SCHWUNCK H.‐M. , JUNG W.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Optical Properties of New Quaternary Metal Chalcogenides of Group 5: Cs2AgVS4, K2AgVSe4, Rb2AgVSe4, Rb2AgNbS4, and Cs2AgNbSe4.
Authors: TILLINSKI R. , RUMPF C. , NAETHER C. , DUERICHEN P. , JESS I. , SCHUNK S. A. , BENSCH W.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of the Isostructural Iodate Hydrates M(IO3)2×4H2O (M: Mg, Ni, Co). Crystal Structure of Cobalt Iodate Tetrahydrate.
Authors: PRACHT G. , NAGEL R. , SUCHANEK E. , LANGE N. , LUTZ H. D.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vacuum‐UV Fluorescence Spectroscopy of PX3 (X: Cl, Br) in the Range 9—25 eV.
Authors: BOYLE K. J. , JARVIS G. K. , TUCKETT R. P. , BAUMGAERTEL H. , JOCHIMS H.‐W.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Tetraphosphorus Hexaoxide Diselenide P4O6Se2.
Authors: JANSEN M. , TELLENBACH A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfates and Hydrogensulfates of Erbium: Er(HSO4)3‐I, Er(HSO4)3‐II, Er(SO4)(HSO4), and Er2(SO4)3.
Authors: WICKLEDER M. S.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The New Antimonides ZrNiSb and HfNiSb: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties in Comparison to ZrCoSb and HfCoSb.
Authors: KLEINKE H.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Permethylated Cyclodextrins as Chiral Solvating Agents for the Determination of the Enantiomeric Composition of Apolar Substrates by NMR.
Authors: UCCELLO‐BARRETTA G. , BALZANO F. , CUZZOLA A. , MENICAGLI R. , CAPORUSSO A. M. , SALVADORI P.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyphenylbiphenyls and Polyphenylfluorenes.
Authors: TONG L. , LAU H. , HO D. M. , PASCAL R. A. JUN.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Amine Derivatives Through Enantioselective Hydrogenation with a Highly Effective Rhodium Catalyst Containing a Chiral Bisaminophosphine Ligand.
Authors: ZHANG F.‐Y. , PAI C.‐C. , CHAN A. S. C.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Diels—Alder Reactions of Highly Hindered Dienophiles.
Authors: HUBBARD R. D. , MILLER B. L.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Opening of Carboxy‐Substituted Isoxazolidines: Synthesis of Lactones and α‐Hydroxy‐γ‐Lactams.
Authors: CASUSCELLI F. , DI BELLA M. R. , FICARRA R. , MELARDI S. , ROMEO G. , CHIACCHIO U. , RESCIFINA A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Beckmann Rearrangement of Oximes with AlCl3 in the Solid State.
Authors: GHIACI M. , IMANZADEH G. H.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Carbonyl Reduction of Functionalized Aldehydes and Ketones to Alcohols with Sodium Dithionite.
Authors: SINGH J. , KAD G. L. , SHARMA M. , DHILLON R. S.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydrohalogenation of Haloalkanes Promoted by Metal Halides. Hydrogen Halometalates Formation and Their Use as Hydrohalogenating Agents.
Authors: SUAREZ A. R. , MARTIN S. E. , MARTINELLI M. , DOMINE M. E. , MAZZIERI M. R.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Allenylation of Pyrrole, Di‐ and Triazoles with Propargyl Bromide in the System KOH—DMSO.
Authors: TARASOVA O. A. , SHMIDT E. YU. , KLYBA L. V. , SINEGOVSKAYA L. M. , MIKHALEVA A. I. , KRIVDIN L. B. , TROFIMOV B. A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Promoted Regioselective Friedel—Crafts Acylation of Electron Rich Arenes.
Authors: MESHRAM H. M. , REDDY G. S. , REDDY M. M. , YADAV J. S.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Efficient Tetrahydropyranylation of Alcohols.
Authors: CHA K. H. , KANG T. W. , LEE H.‐W. , KIM E.‐N. , CHOI N.‐H. , KIM J.‐W. , HONG C. I.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Organozinc Carbenoids from Acetals and Ketals.
Authors: MOTHERWELL W. B. , O'MAHONY D. J. R. , POPKIN M. E.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Synthesis of Protected Polyamines and Facile Synthesis of Polyamine Derivatives Using O‐Alkyl‐O′‐(N‐succinimidyl)carbonates.
Authors: ADAMCZYK M. , FISHPAUGH J. R. , HEUSER K. J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Hydroxy Carboxylic Acids: Direct Conversion of α‐Oxocarboxylic Acids to Enantiomerically Enriched α‐Hydroxy Carboxylic Acids via Neighboring Group Control.
Authors: WANG Z. , LA B. , FORTUNAK J. M. , MENG X.‐J , KABALKA G. W.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.