bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ECM and tissue architecture are major determinants of early invasion mediated by E-cadherin dysfunction
Authors: Melo Soraia , Guerrero Pilar , Moreira Soares Maurício , Bordin José Rafael , Carneiro Fátima , Carneiro Patrícia , Dias Maria Beatriz , Carvalho João , Figueiredo Joana , Seruca Raquel , Travasso Rui D. M.
Published: November 2023

Germline mutations of E-cadherin cause Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC), a highly invasive cancer syndrome characterised by the occurrence of diffuse-type gastric carcinoma and lobular breast cancer. In this disease, E-cadherin-defective cells are detected invading the adjacent stroma since very early stages. Although E-cadherin loss is well established as a triggering event, other determinants of the invasive process persist largely unknown. Herein, we develop an experimental strategy that comprises in vitro extrusion assays using E-cadherin mutants associated to HDGC, as well as mathematical models epitomising epithelial dynamics and its interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM). In vitro, we verify that E-cadherin dysfunctional cells detach from the epithelial monolayer and extrude basally into the ECM. Through phase-field modelling we demonstrate that, aside from loss of cell-cell adhesion, increased ECM attachment further raises basal extrusion efficiency. Importantly, by combining phase-field and vertex model simulations, we show that the cylindrical structure of gastric glands strongly promotes the cell’s invasive ability. Moreover, we validate our findings using a dissipative particle dynamics simulation of epithelial extrusion. Overall, we provide the first evidence that cancer cell invasion is the outcome of defective cell-cell linkages, abnormal interplay with the ECM, and a favourable 3D tissue structure.
Strategies for mainstreaming nature-based solutions in urban governance capacities in ten European cities
Authors: Hölscher Katharina , Frantzeskaki Niki , Collier Marcus John , Connop Stuart , Kooijman Esmee D. , Lodder Marleen , McQuaid Siobhan , Vandergert Paula , Xidous Dimitra , Bešlagić Lejla , Dick Gillian , Dumitru Adina , Dziubała Agnieszka , Fletcher Isobel , Adank Cristian Garcia-Espina , Vázquez María González , Madajczyk Natalia , Malekkidou Eleni , Mavroudi Maria , Loizou Eleftherios , Osipiuk Agnieszka , Pasic Belma , González Antonio Prieto , Quartier Mien , Schepers Selina , Suljević Nermina , Trendafilov Ivaylo , Van De Sijpe Katrien , Velikova Velichka , Vos Peter
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the institutional mainstreaming of nature-based solutions (NBS) to advance a process-based understanding about how to strategically develop the governance capacities needed for systemic, localised and inclusive NBS. To this end, it reports how policy officers in ten European cities have started to mainstream NBS by interacting with and changing incumbent governance arrangements when experimenting with novel governance processes and mechanisms to plan, deliver and steward NBS. Based on these activities of the policy officers, the analysis identifies three strategies, associated stepping stones and changes in governance conditions, to mainstream NBS in governance capacities: institutionalising (a) a systems’ approach to link NBS to policies, regulations, and departments across goals and sectors, (b) inclusive collaborations for localised and inclusive interventions, and (c) reflexivity and learning about how NBS interact with the (institutional, ecological, social, etc.) contexts and create impacts. The strategies illustrate institutional entrepreneurship in interacting with incumbent governance contexts, and how starting from NBS as a type of systemic innovation can promote broader shifts in urban governance arrangements.
Simultaneous determination of 27 pesticides in corn and cow matrices by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Hao Fengjiao , Luo Yuanyuan , Dong Fengshou , Pan Xinglu , Wu Xiaohu , Zheng Yongquan , Xu Jun
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we developed a sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method to determine pesticide residues in corn and cow related matrices quantitatively.
Molecular modification of MAPbI3 surface: insights from first-principles theory studies
Authors: Ye Xin , Ou Wen , Ai Bin , Zhou Yecheng
Published: November 2023

A systematic first-principles investigation of molecular perovskite surface modification based on a series of representative functional groups.
Denitrogenation of tosylhydrazones: synthesis of aryl alkyl sulfones catalyzed by a phenalenyl-based molecule
Authors: Kumar Shiv , Datta Paramita , Bhunia Anup , Mandal Swadhin K.
Published: November 2023

An efficient method is developed for the photoinduced generation of a radical species based on the smallest odd alternant polyaromatic hydrocarbon phenalenyl, and its application in redox catalysis for denitrogenative sulfonylation of tosylhydrazones.
Sensitive detection of microRNA by dynamic light scattering based on DNAzyme walker-mediated AuNPs self-assembly
Authors: Liu Haiyun , Ren Na , Gao Yi , Wu Tingfan , Sui Boren , Liu Zhen , Chang Bin , Huang Man , Liu Hong
Published: November 2023

Based on the continuous mechanical motion characteristics of DNAzyme walker, a miRNA detection strategy for self-assembly of AuNPs induced by the hairpin probe-guided DNAzyme walker “enzyme cleavage and walk” was established.
Copper and silver heterometallic iodoantimonates: structure, thermal stability, and optical properties
Authors: Shentseva Irina A. , Usoltsev Andrey N. , Korobeynikov Nikita A. , Sokolov Maxim N. , Adonin Sergey A.
Published: November 2023

Seven heterometallic iodoantimonates with the general formula (Cat)2{[Sb2M2I10]} (M = Cu(i) (1–6), Ag(i) (7)) were prepared.
Hybrid thermo-electrochemical conversion of plastic wastes commingled with marine biomass to value-added products using renewable energy
Authors: Williams Jonah M. , Nitzsche Michael P. , Bromberg Lev , Qu Zifeng , Moment Aaron J. , Hatton T. Alan , Park Ah-Hyung Alissa
Published: November 2023

Surface plastics and microplastics commingled with biomass are emerging pollutants in the marine environment.
Characterizing Bacillus globigii as a Bacillus anthracis surrogate for wastewater treatment studies and bioaerosol emissions
Authors: Durden Leigh , Eckhoff Kyle , Burdsall Adam C. , Youn Sungmin , Andújar-Gonzalez Cindy , Abu-Niaaj Lubna , Magnuson Matthew , Harper Willie F.
Published: November 2023

Is Bacillus globigii a suitable surrogate for Bacillus anthracis?
S-vacancy-assisted fast charge transport and oriented ReS2 growth in twin crystal ZnxCd1−xS: an atomic-level heterostructure for dual-functional photocatalytic conversion
Authors: Yu Guiyang , Gong Ke , Li Xiang , Guo Luyang , Li Xiyou , Wang Debao
Published: November 2023

An atomic-level heterostructure with ReS2 positioning at the S vacancy in twin-crystal Zn0.5Cd0.5S solid solution (ReS2/Sv-ZCS) achieves the improved charge kinetic behavior and efficiency for dual-functional photocatalytic conversion.
Growing sp2 materials on transition metals: calculated atomic adsorption energies of hydrogen, boron, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms, C2 and BN dimers, C6 and (BN)3 hexamers, graphene and h-BN with and without atomic vacancies
Authors: Seitsonen Ari Paavo , Greber Thomas
Published: November 2023

Growth and stability of graphene and h-BN are studied with density functional theory. The energetics of adsorbed atoms, dimers and hexamers, and the stability of the strained mono-layers are predicted from the creation energies of mono-vacancies.
Boosting plasmon-enhanced electrochemistry by in situ surface cleaning of plasmonic nanocatalysts
Authors: Wang Yu , Sang Xueqing , Wu Fengxia , Pang Yuanhao , Xu Guobao , Yuan Yali , Hsu Hsien-Yi , Niu Wenxin
Published: November 2023

An in situ electrochemical surface cleaning strategy is developed for the plasmonic nanocatalysts, which exhibit remarkable performance in plasmon-enhanced electrooxidation of glucose with an enhancement of 445%.
Acid-induced conversion of nitrite to nitric oxide at the copper(ii) center: a new catalytic pathway
Authors: Bhardwaj Prabhakar , Kulbir  , Devi Tarali , Kumar Pankaj
Published: November 2023

Acid-catalyzed conversion of nitrite to nitric oxide at the copper(ii) center: a new catalytic pathway.
Recent advances in polyoxometalate-based materials and their derivatives for electrocatalysis and energy storage
Authors: Zhang Yao , Li Yanyan , Guo Haoran , Guo Yunqiao , Song Rui
Published: November 2023

This review highlights the significant roles of POMs in electrocatalysis and energy storage, and summarizes the recent advances of POM-based materials and their derivatives in water-splitting, the CO2RR, the NRR, SCs, and rechargeable batteries.
Highly sensitive detection of circulating tumour cells based on an ASV/CV dual-signal electrochemical strategy
Authors: Wang Gang , Han Dan , Zhang Qingyu
Published: November 2023

Highly sensitive electrochemical detection of circulating tumour cells using a dual-signal strategy.
Two novel low molecular weight gelator-driven supramolecular metallogels efficient in antimicrobial activity applications
Authors: Dhibar Subhendu , Pal Suchetana , Karmakar Kripasindhu , Hafiz Sk Abdul , Bhattacharjee Subham , Roy Arpita , Rahaman S. K. Mehebub , Ray Soumya Jyoti , Dam Somasri , Saha Bidyut
Published: November 2023

A low molecular weight gelator citric acid-based supramolecular Cd(ii) and Hg(ii)–metallogel offers efficient antibacterial activity against deadly Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Electroreduction of dissolved carbon dioxide on roughened molybdenum microelectrodes
Authors: Yahya Siti Hajjar , Al-Lolage Firas A. , Mahat Mohd Muzamir , Ramli Muhammad Zahir , Syamsul Mohd , Falina Shaili , Ahmad Ruzaidi Dania Adila , Danial Wan Hazman , Shafiee Saiful Arifin
Published: November 2023

SiC roughened Mo microdisk electrodes show a higher electrocatalytic activity than smoothened Mo electrodes.
Engineering TADF, mechanochromism, and second harmonic up-conversion properties in regioisomeric substitution space
Authors: Chatterjee Abhijit , Chatterjee Joy , Sappati Subrahmanyam , Tanwar Riteeka , Ambhore Madan D. , Arfin Habibul , Umesh Rintu M. , Lahiri Mayurika , Mandal Pankaj , Hazra Partha
Published: November 2023

Fine-tuning of TADF, mechanochromic luminescence (MCL), and second harmonic generation (SHG) properties among three donor–acceptor based regio-isomers have been explored in this research article based on both theoretical and experimental outcomes.
Penetrant shape effects on activated dynamics and selectivity in polymer melts and networks based on self-consistent cooperative hopping theory
Authors: Mei Baicheng , Schweizer Kenneth S.
Published: November 2023

We generalize and apply the microscopic self-consistent cooperative hopping theory for activated penetrant dynamics in polymer melts and crosslinked networks to address the role of highly variable non-spherical molecular shape.
A review of recent research and development on GLP-1 receptor agonists-sustained-release microspheres
Authors: Gao Zejing , Wei Yi , Ma Guanghui
Published: November 2023

This review provides key points in the development of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist-loaded microspheres from three aspects: preparation methods, strategies to maintain peptide bioactivity, and control the drug release from microspheres.
Fibrovascular Change and Sulcus Vocalis: A Case for Voice Therapy
Authors: Kagan Sydney , Clark Roseanne
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

A clinical case of right posteromedial true vocal fold sulcus is presented with case history, auditory perceptual analysis and accompanying audio files and ratings, laryngoscopic files and ratings, and acoustic analysis, as well as impressions and plan for treatment.

Method:

A single clinical case of right posteromedial true vocal fold sulcus is presented for learning purposes.

Results:

Clinical keys are provided for learning.

Conclusion:

Learners will be able to follow a clinical case to aid in perceptual, laryngoscopic, acoustic, and voice assessment and goal and treatment planning.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24470056
Kinetic modelling of β‐cell metabolism reveals control points in the insulin‐regulating pyruvate cycling pathways
Authors: Rahul Rahul , Stinchcombe Adam R. , Joseph Jamie W. , Ingalls Brian
Published: November 2023

Insulin, a key hormone in the regulation of glucose homoeostasis, is secreted by pancreatic β‐cells in response to elevated glucose levels. Insulin is released in a biphasic manner in response to glucose metabolism in β‐cells. The first phase of insulin secretion is triggered by an increase in the ATP:ADP ratio; the second phase occurs in response to both a rise in ATP:ADP and other key metabolic signals, including a rise in the NADPH:NADP+ ratio. Experimental evidence indicates that pyruvate‐cycling pathways play an important role in the elevation of the NADPH:NADP+ ratio in response to glucose. The authors developed a kinetic model for the tricarboxylic acid cycle and pyruvate cycling pathways. The authors successfully validated the model against experimental observations and performed a sensitivity analysis to identify key regulatory interactions in the system. The model predicts that the dicarboxylate carrier and the pyruvate transporter are the most important regulators of pyruvate cycling and NADPH production. In contrast, the analysis showed that variation in the pyruvate carboxylase flux was compensated by a response in the activity of mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDm) resulting in minimal effect on overall pyruvate cycling flux. The model predictions suggest starting points for further experimental investigation, as well as potential drug targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Bioinformatics identification of a T‐cell‐related signature for predicting prognosis and drug sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Dianqian , Ding Dongxiao , Ying Junjie , Qin Yunsheng
Published: November 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal disease with poor clinical outcomes. T cells play a vital role in the crosstalk between the tumour microenvironment and HCC. Single‐cell RNA sequencing data were downloaded from the GSE149614 dataset. The T‐cell‐related prognostic signature (TRPS) was developed with the integrative procedure including 10 machine learning algorithms. The TRPS was established using 7 T‐cell‐related markers in the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort with 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐year area under curve values of 0.820, 0.725 and 0.678, respectively. TRPS acted as an independent risk factor for HCC patients. HCC patients with a high TRPS‐based risk score had a higher Tumour Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion score, lower PD1 and CTLA4 immunophenoscore and lower level of immunoactivated cells, including CD8+ T cells and NK cells. The response rate was significantly higher in patients with low‐risk scores in immunotherapy cohorts, including IMigor210 and GSE91061. The TRPS‐based nomogram had a relatively good predictive value in evaluating the mortality risk at 1, 3 and 5 years in HCC. Overall, this study develops a TRPS by integrated bioinformatics analysis. This TRPS acted as an independent risk factor for the OS rate of HCC patients. It can screen for HCC patients who might benefit from immunotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy.
Exploration and isolation of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in post-landslide sandy and clayey silt for eco-friendly remediation
Authors: H Sittadewi Euthalia , G Tejakusuma Iwan , Handayani Titin , Tohari Adrin , Lailati Masfiro , Zakaria Zulfiadi , Fakhrus Shomim Achmad , Mulyono Asep
Published: November 2023

Critical lands are formed after landslides due to the erosion and stripping of the surface soil in the depletion zone and the formation of accumulation zones, requiring remediation efforts. Indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi help rehabilitate degraded lands, including post-landslide sites, by adapting to native soil conditions. This study investigates mycorrhiza’s presence in post-landslide areas with sandy silt in Cililin and clayey silt in Citatah. Soil samples are collected at 30 cm depth using a corer near Dysoxylum macrocarpum in Citatah and Gmelina arborea in Cililin. Mycorrhiza isolation involves wet sieving and centrifugation. Local mycorrhiza genera identified are Glomus, Gigaspora, Acaulospora, and Scutellospora. Sandy silt soil 2 exhibits the highest spore density of 178 per 100 grams, while clayey silt soil 1 has the lowest density of 148 per 100 grams. Glomus dominates in sandy silt with a 93 per 100 grams concentration and a 38–45 µm size. Scutellospora is scarce in clayey silt, with only 1 per 100 grams, 90-170 µm size. Isolated mycorrhiza can serve as compatible and adaptive inoculum. The discovery of mycorrhiza tolerant to post-landslide conditions is expected to play an important role in the remediation process of critical lands caused by landslides.
Cyberpreneurship Resistance in Advocating Digital Inclusion Towards Socio-Cultural Sustainability
Authors: Sidek Syamsuriana , Hasbolah Hazrina , Nur Syafiqah A. Samad , Zoraimi Nurul Husnina Najwa , Abdullah Zailani , Mohamed Khadri Nurul Azwa , Hassin Nor Hizami
Published: November 2023

Cyberpreneurship has been recognized as a key driver for inclusive digital ecosystems worldwide. However, various factors can hinder its effectiveness in promoting digital inclusion and socio-cultural sustainability. This quantitative research aims to examine the factors of cyberpreneurship resistance underpinned by Innovation Resistance Theory (IRT) for advocating digital inclusion towards socio-cultural sustainability. The study seeks to further investigate the functional and psychological barriers that cyberpreneurs encounter in their efforts to foster digital inclusion, ultimately contributing to socio-cultural sustainability. This research utilizes a sample of 384 respondents, including cyberpreneurs, business owners, and business managers involved in various types of business operations. Data was collected through surveys, and statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to analyze the collected data. These analyses aimed to identify key resistance factors hindering cyberpreneurs' endeavours and understand their impact on digital inclusion and socio-cultural sustainability goals. The findings not only shed light on a deeper understanding of cyberpreneurship resistance in the context of advocating digital inclusion and socio-cultural sustainability but also inspire policymakers, entrepreneurs, and stakeholders to formulate evidence-based strategies for fostering inclusive digital ecosystems and promoting sustainable socio-cultural development.
Adsorption of Cu2+ Ions using Rubber-Based Hydrogel
Authors: Jamaluddin Siti Salihah , Mohd Ghazi Rozidaini , Nik Yusoff Nik Raihan , Yusoff Siti Fairus Mohd
Published: November 2023

Hydrogels are one of the most powerful adsorbents for removing heavy metal ions among all adsorbents. However, most of today's hydrogels are synthetic polymers with high costs, non-environmentally friendly, and have low stability. Therefore, in this study, natural rubber (NR) was used as the basic material for hydrogels due to its high mechanical properties, plasticity or viscosity, elasticity, and tensile strength. This study is focusing on the Cu adsorption method using a rubber-based hydrogel that is prepared with a combination of acrylic acid (AA) and methylenebisacrylamide (MBA). The rubber-based hydrogel was immersed in the synthetic Cu wastewater, and the percentage removal was calculated. Cu initial concentration, contact time, and rotation speed were the three independent variables used for optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). With an initial Cu concentration of 47.66 mg/L, a contact time of 10 hours, and a rotation speed of 91.32 rpm, RSM optimization shows that the best conditions for Cu removal are 72.19%. The SEM-EDX micrograph of the hydrogel before adsorption shows numerous pores, but after adsorption it is smoother and has fewer holes. This study will contribute to the development of a new method to remove Cu from wastewater.
Integrating Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques for Accurate Mapping and Analysis of Paddy Field Distribution in Kelantan: A Case Study
Authors: Mohd Aris Nur Atikah , Daliman Shaparas , Rendra Pradnya Paramarta Raditya , Sukiyah Emi , Hadian Mohamad Sapari Dwi , Sulaksana Nana
Published: November 2023

This research focuses on studying the distribution of paddy fields in Kelantan between 2016 and 2021, utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) and satellite imagery from Landsat 8 acquired through remote sensing. The primary objective is to examine the spatial distribution of paddy fields within a specific area in Kelantan and analyze changes that occurred during the mentioned time frame. By combining satellite images, GPS technology, the study aimed to offer comprehensive insights into distribution patterns and changes in paddy fields, which can inform decisions related to paddy field production and agricultural management. Maps of Kelantan were obtained from Earth Explorer websites, processed, and analyzed to calculate vegetation indices like Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Normal Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). The study's key findings reveal the distribution of paddy fields in Kelantan, with an area of 27,420.88 hectares in 2021, marking a 2.31% decrease compared to the previous year's 28,863.91 hectares. The research successfully achieved its goals, assessing vegetation indices and creating a distribution map of paddy fields in Kelantan. These findings have the potential to contribute to effective agricultural management and decision-making processes in the study area.
Ingenuity Incision in Traditional Malay Wood Carving Calligraphy Motif
Authors: Muhammad Siti Aisyah , Rosdi Normaisarah Mohd
Published: November 2023

Malay woodcarvings are an ornament that symbolizes the identity and creativity of the Malay community at the house or palace. The difference will be in the design complexity and the number of ornaments used to decorate the palaces. Motif is considered one of the primary elements behind the creation of woodcarving and is included visually in various arts and crafts categories. Thus, the purpose of this study was to present an analytical study to investigate the visual forms of calligraphy motifs on the ornamentation wood carving at Istana Tengku Long, Terengganu. The study utilized the qualitative methodology in collecting data besides the field study at the selected palace and in-depth interviews with related persons. The Fractal Dimension Analysis (FDA) was applied to measure the complexity of the intricacy of the calligraphy panel. The finding indicated that the Islamic belief in the daily activities and local culture has assimilated to produce such intricate calligraphy motifs in Istana Tengku Long. The combination was carved in two compositions together with relief which, non-relief forms and floral motifs were the types of motifs that dominated the woodcarving at Istana Tengku Long. The Quranic verse of the calligraphy motifs gives the implied meaning to the royalty status and socio-culture of the Malay during that period. The knowledge gained from the study presents the Malay royalty's belief that the verses would influence their daily life and the palace as a place of residence. This study will contribute to the understanding of cultural assimilation and its impact on the architectural component revolution, specifically the ornamentation of the building. Preserving the calligraphy motif with indigenous incision shows the sustainability of Malay craftsmanship in wood carving. It emphasizes the inheritance of the aesthetic ornamentation in the traditional timber palaces in Malaysia that potentially involved heritage tourism and education prospects.
Differences in treatment of stage I colorectal cancers: a population-based study of colorectal cancers detected within and outside of a screening program
Authors: Toes-Zoutendijk Esther , Breekveldt Emilie C. H. , van der Schee Lisa , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Elferink Marloes A. G. , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris , Moons Leon M. G. , van Leerdam Monique E.
Published: November 2023

Background Screen-detected colorectal cancers (CRCs) are often treated less invasively than stage-matched non-screen-detected CRCs, but the reasons for this are not fully understood. This study evaluated the treatment of stage I CRCs detected within and outside of the screening program in the Netherlands.

Methods Data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry for all stage I CRCs diagnosed between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2020 were analyzed, comparing patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics of screen-detected and non-screen-detected stage I CRCs. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between treatment (local excision only vs. surgical oncologic resection) and patient and tumor characteristics, stratified for T stage and tumor location.

Results Screen-detected stage I CRCs were relatively more often T1 than T2 compared with non-screen-detected stage I CRCs (66.9 % vs. 53.3 %; P < 0.001). When only T1 tumors were considered, both screen-detected colon and rectal cancers were more often treated with local excision only than non-screen-detected T1 cancers (odds ratio [OR] 2.19, 95 %CI 1.93–2.49; and OR 1.29, 95 %CI 1.05–1.59, respectively), adjusted for sex, tumor location, lymphovascular invasion (LVI) status, and tumor differentiation.

Conclusions Less invasive treatment of screen-detected stage I CRC is partly explained by the higher rate of T1 cancers compared with non-screen-detected stage I CRCs. T1 stage I screen-detected CRCs were also more likely to undergo less invasive treatment than non-screen-detected CRCs, adjusted for risk factors such as LVI and tumor differentiation. Future research should investigate whether the choice of local excision was related to unidentified cancer-related factors or the expertise of the endoscopists.
Synthesis of Ser-Ala-Ala Cyclic Desmosine
Authors: Usuki Toyonobu , Satoh Shogo , Baut Daria A. , Hirao Moena , Watanabe Daisuke , Suzuki Rina
Published: November 2023

Elastin is present in the extracellular matrix of various tissues, most abundantly in the aorta and major vascular vessels, and is formed by self-assembly followed by concomitant crosslinkers of tropoelastin, an elastin precursor. Desmosine is a pyridinium-based tetrafunctional amino acid that serves as an important crosslinker to bind the polymeric chains of peptides in the 3D network of elastin. Despite its significance, the detailed structure of elastin has not been elucidated. In this work, the synthesis of a cyclic desmosine peptide designed to mimic elastin, which could serve as a compound for mass spectrometric analysis to elucidate crosslinking structures is reported. The synthesis involved stepwise and regioselective palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings, and inter- and intramolecular condensations.
Expeditious Synthesis of the Hexasaccharide Repeating Unit of the Capsular Polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 7A
Authors: Sahaji Samim , Shit Pradip , Misra Anup Kumar , Jana Swapan Kumar
Published: November 2023

The hexasaccharide repeating unit corresponding to the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 7A has been synthesized in good yield using [3+2+1] block synthetic strategy. The synthetic strategy involved a number of challenging stereoselective glycosylation steps, which include β-selective glycosylation of l-rhamnosyl thioglycoside donor, α-selective glycosylations of 2-azido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosyl thioglycoside donor and d-galactopyranosyl donor together with the formation of β-glycoside of d-galactosamine moiety and α-glycoside of l-rhamnosyl moiety. Suitably functionalized thioglycosides have been used as glycosyl donors and a combination of N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf­) has been used as glycosylation promoter.
Single-centre experience with autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy: case series and literature review
Authors: Lorenzoni Paulo José , Kay Cláudia Suemi Kamoi , Ducci Renata Dal-Pra , Fustes Otto Jesus Hernandez , Rodrigues Paula Raquel do Vale Pascoal , Hrysay Nyvia Milicio Coblinski , Arndt Raquel Cristina , Werneck Lineu Cesar , Scola Rosana Herminia
Published: November 2023

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is a group of myopathies that lead to progressive muscle weakness, predominantly involving the shoulder and pelvic girdles; it has a heterogeneous genetic etiology, with variation in the prevalence of subtypes according to the ethnic backgrounds and geographic origins of the populations. The aim of the present study was to analyze a series of patients with autosomal recessive LGMD (LGMD-R) to contribute to a better characterization of the disease and to find the relative proportion of the different subtypes in a Southern Brazil cohort. The sample population consisted of 36 patients with LGMD-R. A 9-gene targeted next-generation sequencing panel revealed variants in 23 patients with LGMD (64%), and it identified calpainopathy (LGMD-R1) in 26%, dysferlinopathy (LGMD-R2) in 26%, sarcoglycanopathies (LGMD-R3–R5) in 13%, telethoninopathy (LGMD-R7) in 18%, dystroglicanopathy (LGMD-R9) in 13%, and anoctaminopathy (LGMD-R12) in 4% of the patients. In these 23 patients with LGMD, there were 27 different disease-related variants in the ANO5, CAPN3, DYSF, FKRP, SGCA, SGCB, SGCG, and TCAP genes. There were different causal variants in different exons of these genes, except for the TCAP gene, for which all patients carried the p.Gln53* variant, and the FKRP gene, which showed recurrence of the p.Leu276Ile variant. We analyzed the phenotypic, genotypic and muscle immunohistochemical features of this Southern Brazilian cohort.
A Case of Symptomatic Common Carotid Artery Occlusion Treated by a Bridging Bypass Using Short Saphenous Vein Graft
Authors: Yamamoto Rikiyoshi , Iida Tomohiro , Oka Naoki , Kokuzawa Jouji , Kaku Yasuhiko
Published: November 2023

An 86-year-old woman with initially asymptomatic severe right common carotid artery stenosis had frequent transient left hemiparesis 2 years after the initial diagnosis. Magnetic resonance angiography and three-dimensional computed tomography angiography demonstrated short-segment occlusion of the right carotid bifurcation with significant circumferential calcification, while magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated no ischemic lesions. No collateral blood flow through the anterior communicating artery and posterior communicating artery was observed. A bridging bypass from the distal common carotid artery to the proximal cervical internal carotid artery using a saphenous vein graft was made. There were no ischemic symptoms following the procedure. Bridging bypass using the short saphenous vein graft might be useful for short-segment common carotid artery occlusion.
Auditory central pathways in children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Barbosa Dayane Aparecida Nascimento , Silva Liliane Aparecida Fagundes , Samelli Alessandra Giannella , da Paz José Albino , Matas Carla Gentile
Published: November 2023

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease. Auditory evoked potential studies have demonstrated conduction and neural processing deficits in adults with MS, but little is known about the electrophysiological responses in children and adolescents.

Objective to evaluate the central auditory pathway with brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and long-latency auditory evoked potentials (LLAEP) in children and adolescents with MS.

Methods The study comprised 17 individuals with MS, of both sexes, aged 9 to 18 years, and 17 healthy volunteers, matched for age and sex. All individuals had normal hearing and no middle ear impairments. They were assessed with click-BAEP and LLAEP through oddball paradigm and tone-burst stimuli.

Results Abnormal responses were observed in 60% of electrophysiologic assessments of individuals with MS. In BAEP, 58.82% of MS patients had abnormal responses, with longer wave V latency and therefore longer III-V and I-V interpeak latencies than healthy volunteers. In LLAEP, 52.94% of MS patients had abnormal responses. Although statistical differences were found only in P2-N2 amplitude, MS patients had longer latencies and smaller amplitudes than healthy volunteers in all components.

Conclusion Children and adolescents with MS had abnormal BAEP responses, with delayed neural conduction between the cochlear nucleus and the lateral lemniscus. Also, abnormal LLAEP results suggest a decrease in neural processing speed and auditory sensory discrimination response.
Diagnostic disclosure of Alzheimer's disease in Brazil: a national survey of specialized physicians
Authors: Souza Vitor Santos de , Guazzelli Sofia Brunchport , Cruz Leonardo Cardoso , Resende Elisa de Paula França , Souza Leonardo Cruz de , Barbosa Maira Tonidandel , Caramelli Paulo
Published: November 2023

Background: The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can bring financial and emotional consequences to patients and caregivers. Whether or not the diagnosis should be disclosed to patients is a matter of debate amongst physicians and can be influenced by culture and experience.

Objective: To investigate the current practice of physicians who attend and treat patients with dementia in Brazil regarding the disclosure of dementia diagnosis and compare the practice with what has been performed 15 years ago in the country.

Methods: Data were evaluated using an electronic questionnaire. The questions used to carry out this research were similar to the questions of the study carried out 15 years ago 9. The form was sent to the Brazilian Academy of Neurology, the Brazilian Association of Geriatrics and Gerontology, and the Brazilian Association of Psychiatry, which forwarded it to their members. Analyses were conducted through non-parametric statistical tests, with a post-hoc assessment.

Results: 397 physicians responded to the survey, of which 231 are neurologists, 124 geriatricians, 29 psychiatrists and 13 from other specialties. The mean age was 45.2 years. The majority (66.7%) of the physicians reveal the diagnosis of AD always or usually. The youngest group of neurologists were more likely to disclose the diagnosis than the oldest group with a significant difference between them. In comparison to the 2008 Brazilian study, the percentage of physicians who always or usually disclose the diagnosis has risen by 22%. On the other hand, 12.3% of the physicians rarely or never disclose the diagnosis, in comparison to 25,3% in 2008. The main reasons for not disclosing the diagnosis concern the patients' mental health.

Conclusion: Advances in dementia knowledge and biomarkers availability probably explain the increase in the rate of disclosure. The main challenge is to reconcile the autonomy of affected individuals, mental health issues after the diagnosis and the family member's opinion.
Modulated distribution of vacancies within the post-irradiated bcc metals
Authors: Oliinyk O. V. , Tatarenko V. A.
Published: November 2023

The criterion of formation of a modulated structure by means of the spinodal mechanism in a spatial distribution of interacting vacancies (as strong concentrators of mechanical stresses) in metals as a target after irradiation is analyzed. For the irradiated body-centered cubic vanadium and tungsten, temperature dependences of the spatial periods of such a structure of the substitutional-vacancies’ subsystem are predicted taking into account the total mixing energies consisting of the energies of the (electro)chemical and strain-induced interactions between vacancies, which are cohesive by the nature in short distances and elastic by character at long distances, respectively.
Optical fiber strain sensor with high and tunable sensitivity
Authors: Yang Shiwei , Zhang Qiang , Li Xiaobo , Wang Quansen , Li Yongmin
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate a fiber-optic strain sensor with high and tunable sensitivity by constructing a Fabry–Perot interferometer with tunable stretching length. By improving the ratio of stretching length to interference length for the proposed sensor, the measured strain sensitivity is up to 1932 pm/με, which is an order of magnitude higher than the maximum value of reported fiber-optic strain sensors so far. The sensitivity for a prepared sensor could be also tuned conveniently by changing the stretching length, and experimental results show that the sensitivity could be tuned from 1932 to 978 pm/με by reducing the stretching length from 12 to 6 mm. Furthermore, the proposed device is economical, straightforward, robust, and reproducible. The advantages make the proposed device promising in practical applications.
The completely renewed and upgraded neutron reflectometer at the TU Delft Reactor Institute
Authors: Bannenberg Lars J. , Bresser Raymon , van der Ende Piet , van Exter Martin , van Goozen William , Naastepad Fred , Thijs Michel A. , Verleg Malte N. , de Vroege Kees , Waaijer Rien , van Well Ad A.
Published: November 2023

The horizontal time-of-flight neutron reflectometer at the reactor of the Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, has been completely renewed, relocated, and upgraded and allows for the study of air/liquid, solid/liquid, and solid/air interfaces. Innovations in the redesign include (i) a completely flexible double disk chopper system allowing to choose the optimal wavelength resolution with exchangeable neutron guide sections between the chopper disks to increase intensity, (ii) a movable second diaphragm just before the sample position to better control the beam footprint on the sample and effectively decrease counting times, and (iii) guides along the entire flight path of the neutron reflectometer. The performance of the renewed reflectometer is illustrated with measurements of hydrogen sensing materials.
Study on thermal effects of high-power laser-coupled water jets and the influence on the stability of water jets
Authors: Zhao Zhen , Zhang Guanghui , Lin Ze , Zhou Jia , Huang Ping , Jiao Hui , Shi Tielin , Huang Yuxing , Long Yuhong
Published: November 2023

In water-guided laser technology, the stability of water jets is crucial to ensure the efficient transmission of laser energy. However, the thermal effects generated when high-power lasers are coupled with water jets are bound to impact the stability of the water jets, thus becoming a critical issue that restricts the development of high-power water-guided laser technology. In addressing this issue, this paper establishes a temperature model for coupling high-power lasers with water jets. Subsequently, with validation of the model's effectiveness through experimental data, simulations are conducted to analyze the temperature distribution within the water jet. During the simulation process, lasers with different parameters were coupled with water jets to analyze the temperature variation law of the water jets. Additionally, the maximum laser power coupled with water jets of different lengths was solved. Based on the calculated temperature values of the water jet, simulate the evolution of its profile over time when it has an initial temperature gradient. Simultaneously, perform a three-dimensional reconstruction of the obtained perturbed profile and conduct ray tracing to analyze the laser's transmission losses within the perturbed profile. Finally, high-speed cameras are utilized to capture the profile of the water jet, validating the laser-induced fragmentation behavior in the water jet. The research findings will provide a significant reference value for selecting laser parameters and controlling thermal effects in water-guided high-power technology.
High-sensitivity atomic magnetometer realized by weak-value-amplification effect
Authors: Lin Shudong , Tang Junjian , Yuan Ziqi , Huang Binyue , Wang Yuhao , Zhai Yueyang
Published: November 2023

The weak-value-amplification (WVA) effect, which is also called weak measurement, has been developed extensively in various sensing systems. Here, we report the actual realization of the WVA effect in spin-exchange relaxation-free atomic magnetometer system, wherein the slight separation of transverse momentum of the probe light is amplified by introducing orthogonal pre- and post-selection states. A differential detector is used to obtain the transverse position of the probe light accurately in real time. The weak coupling of the magneto-optical interaction with atoms will be reflected in the differential signal. The WVA effect is observed and demonstrated directly and a high sensitivity of 8 fT/Hz is achieved. Also, we obtain the stable and distinct simulated magnetocardiography signal through our system. The present successful implementation of this probe method paves the way for further technical noise suppression and sensitivity improvement of quantum sensors.
Effect of inorganic particles on the rheological properties of nano-SiO2 grafted modified polymers
Authors: Shen Jingjing , Yang Hongbin , Liu Dexin , Kang Wanli , Jiang Haizhuang , Hao Jiting , Wang Huazheng , Lv Zhiqi , Turtabayev Sarsenbek
Published: November 2023

Polymer flooding technology has become the most widely utilized chemical flooding technology in the world. The polymer structure gradually grows from linear to branched and hyperbranched as reservoir variability increases and polymer flooding technology advances. In this study, the nano-SiO2 was first controllably modified, and subsequently, a series of nano-SiO2 grafted modified polymers (MNSP) were synthesized using homogeneous aqueous solution polymerization with modified nano-SiO2 and another functional monomer. The rheological properties of MNSP were analyzed by using the MCR 301 rheometer; then, the mechanism of the influence of the concentration and the modification degree of nano-SiO2 on the rheological properties of MNSP was explored from the microscopic standpoint. The results demonstrate that at a salinity of 3 × 104 mg/L and temperature of 85 °C, the viscosity of the MNSP polymer is superior to that of the standard amphiphilic polymer APC16 whose synthesized monomers do not include nano-SiO2. When the concentration and the modification degree of nano-SiO2 were increased, the solution viscosity first increased and then decreased, and this is mostly due to the addition of inorganic nanoparticles, which stimulates the creation of a three-dimensional network structure and improves the solution characteristics of MNSP. However, too much modified SiO2 addition will interfere with polymerization between various monomers. The modification degree of the nano-SiO2 mostly influences the density of the polymer-formed network structure, the active sites on the modified nano-SiO2 surface rise as the degree of modification increases, as does spatial site resistance, resulting in inferior polymer characteristics. The findings of the experiments reveal fresh ideas for inorganic particles compounding organic polymers and expand the use area of polymers in the oilfield.
Managing biological, economic and social trade-offs in the Australian Southern and Eastern Scalefish and Shark Fishery
Authors: Briton Florence , Thébaud Olivier , Macher Claire , Gardner Caleb , Little Lorne Richard
Published: November 2023

Context Maximum sustainable yield and maximum economic yield are often advocated as desirable biological and economic objectives for fisheries management, and the analysis of trade-offs associated is often absent from scientific advice. Aims This work aims to demonstrate an operational approach for comparing trade-offs of not only biological, and economic objectives, but also social objectives, in this case for maintaining affordable fish prices for the Australian public. Methods We use a simulation model of the multi-species, the Australian Southern and Eastern Scalefish and Shark Fishery, characterised by technical and economic interactions among harvested stocks, and apply an eco-viability approach to identify catch limits on two key species of the fishery (tiger flathead and pink ling). Key results Several trade-offs are highlighted related to the distribution of benefits among vessel owners, fishing crews and consumers. Maximising the economic returns to vessel owners, which is the current management objective of the fishery, correspondingly reduces social benefits of providing employment as fishing crews and raises consumer prices. Conclusions Maximising fishery profits as a management objective comes at a social cost for crew members and fish consumers. Implications Analysing trade-offs with an eco-viability approach helps inform decisions regarding fisheries management, fully accounting for the different dimensions of biological, economic and social sustainability.
‘A sense of self, empowerment and purposefulness’: professional diversification and wellbeing in Australian general practitioners
Authors: Benson Jill , Prentice Shaun , Need Penny , Pitot Michelle , Elliott Taryn
Published: November 2023

Background Burnout and workforce shortages comprise a vicious cycle in medicine, particularly for Australian general practitioners (GPs). Professional diversification, whereby individuals work multiple roles across their week, may help address this problem, but this strategy is under-studied. Methods We surveyed 1157 Australian GPs using qualitative and quantitative questions examining professional diversification, values, autonomy, and wellbeing. Quantitative data were analysed using inferential statistics, whilst qualitative data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. We triangulated the data by using the qualitative findings to inform further quantitative testing. Results Approximately 40% of the sample had diversified. Although diversifying was not significantly associated with wellbeing, the qualitative data indicated that diversification supported GPs’ wellbeing by enhancing career sustainability, accomplished through various pathways (e.g. value fulfilment, autonomy, variety). Subsequent quantitative analyses provided evidence that these pathways mediated the relationship between diversification and wellbeing. To diversify, GPs needed particular personal qualities, external supports, flexibility, and serendipity. Barriers to diversifying mirrored these factors, spanning individual (e.g. skillset) and situational levels (e.g. autonomy, location). Conclusions Diversification can support GPs’ wellbeing if it meets their needs. Organisations should focus on publicising opportunities and accommodating requests to diversify.
Involvement in sex work is associated with muscle dysmorphia symptomatology among a sample of Canadian adolescents and young adults
Authors: Ganson Kyle T. , Pang Nelson , Testa Alexander , Rodgers Rachel F. , Jones Jori , Nagata Jason M.
Published: November 2023

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the association between lifetime sex work involvement and muscle dysmorphia symptomatology. Methods Data from the Canadian Study of Adolescent Health Behaviours (N = 912) were analysed. Multiple adjusted linear regression models were estimated with lifetime sex work involvement as the independent variable and muscle dysmorphia symptomatology, measured using the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory, as the dependent variable. Results Among the sample, 3.7% of participants reported engaging in lifetime sex work. Significant associations were found between self-reported lifetime sex work and greater total muscle dysmorphia symptomatology (B = 5.03, 95% CI 1.80, 8.26), greater Drive for Size symptomatology (B = 2.36, 95% CI 0.74–3.97), and greater Functional Impairment symptomatology (B = 2.11, 95% CI 0.54, 3.67), while adjusting for relevant sociodemographic variables. Conclusions Findings from this study expand prior research that has documented poor mental health among individuals involved in sex work. Clinical and community health professionals should consider screening for muscle dysmorphia symptomatology among young people who have been involved in sex work.