bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced and Spectrally Selective Near Infrared Photothermal Conversion in Plasmonic Nanohelices
Authors: Delgado‐Notario Juan A. , López‐Díaz David , McCloskey David , Caridad José M.
Published: April 2024

The photothermal conversion in plasmonic nanohelices is studied, unveiling how helical nanostructures made from metals with a notable interband activity ‐such as cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni)‐ exhibit a remarkable temperature rise ΔT up to ≈1000 K under illumination. Such outstanding ΔT values exclusively occur at wavelengths close to their localized plasmon resonances (ΔT is significantly lower off resonance), and therefore the photothermal conversion of these nanoparticles is spectrally selective. The exceptional and spectrally selective temperature rise is demonstrated at near infrared (NIR) wavelengths, which prompts the use of Co and Ni helical nanoparticles in a wide range of photothermal applications including solar energy conversion, seawater desalination, catalysis, or nanomedicine.
Effective Prevention of Palladium Metal Particles Sintering by Histidine Stabilization on Silica Catalyst Support
Authors: Cahyanto Harry , Chen Xuanming , Lam Frank L. Y. , Iadrat Ploychanok , Wattanakit Chularat , Kidkhunthod Pinit , Singh Varinder , Brooker Sally , Pang Shusheng , Choi Jungkyu , Yip Alex C. K.
Published: April 2024

A robust method for enhancing the dispersion and stabilization of small metal nanoparticles in heterogeneous catalysts is developed. It involves in situ complexation of palladium(II) by histidine, in water, prior to impregnation in fumed silica. TEM images show that the histidine facilitates dispersion of the Pd(II) into finer nanoscale particles (≈2 nm) uniformly distributed on the support, rather than the large clusters (≈5 nm) seen in the absence of histidine. After hydrogen reduction, assessments using CO chemisorption and propylene hydrogenation indicate that the coordinated histidine might obscure the active sites on the Pd particles. However, as histidine decomposes between 220 and 300 °C in air, these materials are treated at 225 °C in air for 48 h. Afterwards the Pd(II) particles remain the same size, but after hydrogen reduction, there is a 2.4‐fold increase in CO gas adsorption, indicative of an expanded Pd surface area. Furthermore, superior catalyst stability (activity >200 h) is observed during propylene hydrogenation at 250 °C. This is consistent with histidine use having generated widely spaced, uniformly small, Pd nanoparticles on the silica support which is expected to help prevent agglomeration (sintering) during catalysis. This is a convenient low‐cost strategy for reducing metal content, preventing sintering and optimizing catalyst performance.
“Twin Chain” PVA Cryogels with Controlled Tortuosity as Advanced Materials for Cleaning of Works of Art
Authors: Mastrangelo Rosangela , Bandelli Damiano , Pensabene Buemi Luciano , Baglioni Piero
Published: April 2024

Soft matrices with tuned properties are part of the vast landscape of innovative materials for the restoration of works of art. “Twin chain” polymer networks (TC‐PNs) based on polyvinyl alcohol have proven unique as scaffolds for Cultural Heritage cleaning. They enable optimum adaptability, adhesion, porosity, and connectivity at both micro‐ and nano‐scale resulting in superior time/space‐controlled cleaning operations. In this work, TC‐PNs properties are tuned through a mild crosslinking of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐porogen polymer by using sebacic, adipic, or succinic acid. The modified porogens have different structural features imparting a different phase behavior to TC‐PVAs mixtures in aqueous solution, i.e., in pre‐gel systems used to form gels through a liquid–liquid phase separation. The macro‐, micro‐, and nanoscale features of the final gels are characterized by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Small Angle X‐ray Scattering, Rheology and are related to their cleaning performances. The study shows that the gels cleaning capacity is related to their tortuosity, that can be tailored at the nanoscale. Counterintuitively gels with higher tortuosity show better performances as evidenced by the cleaning of mockups and paintings from Jean Helion, Jackson Pollock, and Tancredi Parmeggiani at Peggy Guggenheim Collection in Venice.
Reconciling the Cooperative–Competitive Patterns among Tumor and Immune Cells for Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Using Multimodule Nanocomplexes
Authors: Li Xuwen , Guo Qin , Chen Qinjun , Chu Yongchao , Zhang Yiwen , Chen Hongyi , Zhao Zhenhao , Wang Yu , Luo Yifan , Li Chufeng , You Haoyu , Song Haolin , Su Boyu , Jalili Kiyumars , Sun Tao , Jiang Chen
Published: April 2024

Targeting the competitive–cooperative relationships among tumor cells and various immune cells can efficiently reverse the immune‐dysfunction microenvironment to boost the immunotherapies for the triple‐negative breast cancer treatment. Hence, a bacterial outer membrane vesicle‐based nanocomplex is designed for specifically targeting malignant cells and immune cells to reconcile the relationships based on metabolic‐immune crosstalk. By uniquely utilizing the property of charge‐reversal polymers to realize function separation, the nanocomplexes could synergistically regulate tumor cells and immune cells. This approach could reshape the immunosuppressive competition–cooperation pattern into one that is immune‐responsive, showcasing significant potential for inducing tumor remission in TNBC models.
Flexible Piezoelectric Sensors Based on Ionic Liquid‐doped Poly(L‐Lactic Acid) for Human Coughing Recognition
Authors: He Zifeng , Liu Yijie , Babichuk Ivan S. , Zhou Zisen , Liu Zhaohua , Yang Xiongbang , Zhou Ruiliang , Pu Yan , Li Shuhao , Chang Yu , Ye Terry Tao , Gao Zhaoli , Yang Jian
Published: April 2024

Cough is a common symptom of various respiratory diseases. However, recognizing a subject's cough using acoustic imaging can be challenging due to the complexity of coughing and the vulnerability of acoustic acquisition to external interference. This research aims to address these issues by utilizing a flexible piezoelectric ionic liquid‐doped poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) sensor to gather the pressure signals from the human surface. 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMIm]TFSI) ionic liquid (IL) can enhance the piezoelectric performance of PLLA thin film, the corresponding output voltage, and impact sensitivity are improved to three times and 105.1% for the PLLA/IL thin film with 1 wt% IL, 140 °C annealing 2 h and four times drawing ratio. The effect of IL on the crystallization behavior and piezoelectric properties of thin films during their preparation is investigated. The flexible PLLA/IL sensor is integrated into a wearable electronic system which collects and transmits piezoelectric signals from cough‐induced vibrations to the filter for denoising, then the acquired cough data are decomposed using the Empirical Mode Decomposition method and trained in a multi‐layer perception model to detect human coughing. It's evident that the flexible piezoelectric PLLA/IL sensors can be applied to human coughing recognition and show great potential applications in intelligent healthcare.
Sulfonium‐Stapled Peptides‐Based Neoantigen Delivery System for Personalized Tumor Immunotherapy and Prevention
Authors: Zhang Yaping , Jiang Leying , Huang Siyong , Lian Chenshan , Liang Huiting , Xing Yun , Liu Jianbo , Tian Xiaojing , Liu Zhihong , Wang Rui , An Yuhao , Lu Fei , Pan Youdong , Han Wei , Li Zigang , Yin Feng
Published: April 2024

Neoantigen peptides hold great potential as vaccine candidates for tumor immunotherapy. However, due to the limitation of antigen cellular uptake and cross‐presentation, the progress with neoantigen peptide‐based vaccines has obviously lagged in clinical trials. Here, a stapling peptide‐based nano‐vaccine is developed, comprising a self‐assembly nanoparticle driven by the nucleic acid adjuvant‐antigen conjugate. This nano‐vaccine stimulates a strong tumor‐specific T cell response by activating antigen presentation and toll‐like receptor signaling pathways. By markedly improving the efficiency of antigen/adjuvant co‐delivery to the draining lymph nodes, the nano‐vaccine leads to 100% tumor prevention for up to 11 months and without tumor recurrence, heralding the generation of long‐term anti‐tumor memory. Moreover, the injection of nano‐vaccine with signal neoantigen eliminates the established MC‐38 tumor (a cell line of murine carcinoma of the colon without exogenous OVA protein expression) in 40% of the mice by inducing potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration in the tumor microenvironment without substantial systemic toxicity. These findings represent that stapling peptide‐based nano‐vaccine may serve as a facile, general, and safe strategy to stimulate a strong anti‐tumor immune response for the neoantigen peptide‐based personalized tumor immunotherapy.
MXene‐Stabilized VS2 Nanostructures for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Storage
Authors: Zhang Liping , Li Yeying , Liu Xianjie , Yang Ruping , Qiu Junxiao , Xu Jingkun , Lu Baoyang , Rosen Johanna , Qin Leiqiang , Jiang Jianxia
Published: April 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) based on vanadium oxides or sulfides are promising candidates for large‐scale rechargeable energy storage due to their ease of fabrication, low cost, and high safety. However, the commercial application of vanadium‐based electrode materials has been hindered by challenging problems such as poor cyclability and low‐rate performance. To this regard, sophisticated nanostructure engineering technology is used to adeptly incorporate VS2 nanosheets into the MXene interlayers to create a stable 2D heterogeneous layered structure. The MXene nanosheets exhibit stable interactions with VS2 nanosheets, while intercalation between nanosheets effectively increases the interlayer spacing, further enhancing their stability in AZIBs. Benefiting from the heterogeneous layered structure with high conductivity, excellent electron/ion transport, and abundant reactive sites, the free‐standing VS2/Ti3C2Tz composite film can be used as both the cathode and the anode of AZIBs. Specifically, the VS2/Ti3C2Tz cathode presents a high specific capacity of 285 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. Furthermore, the flexible Zn‐metal free in‐plane VS2/Ti3C2Tz//MnO2/CNT AZIBs deliver high operation voltage (2.0 V) and impressive long‐term cycling stability (with a capacity retention of 97% after 5000 cycles) which outperforms almost all reported Vanadium‐based electrodes for AZIBs. The effective modulation of the material structure through nanocomposite engineering effectively enhances the stability of VS2, which shows great potential in Zn2+ storage. This work will hasten and stimulate further development of such composite material in the direction of energy storage.
Achieving Ultrahigh Voltage Over 100 V and Remarkable Freshwater Harvesting Based on Thermodiffusion Enhanced Hydrovoltaic Generator
Authors: Chen Yu , He Jiajun , Ye Chengwei , Tang Shaochun
Published: April 2024

Evaporative hydrovoltaic generators hold significant potential for alleviating water‐energy crisis, but low output voltage configurations due to the slow phase transition rate of water molecules and the intricate nature of integration limit their applications. Herein, a lotus‐inspired interfacial evaporation‐driven hydrovoltaic generators (IEHVG) is developed for efficient generation of water vapor and electricity from seawater instead of freshwater and achieves an ultrahigh voltage output higher than 100‐volt level through forested IEHVG integration. The biomimetic hydrogel is developed with specific liquid transport channels, graphene quantum dots/MXene nanocomposites, and gradient hydrophobic interface for highly enhanced photothermal evaporation and electricity generation by mimicking the transpiration process of a “stems‐leaves of lotus”. The synergistic thermodiffusion effect leads to the output power density of IEHVG reaches up to 45.6 µW cm−2 and can power electronic devices or charge commercial supercapacitors. The freshwater‐electricity cogeneration integrated system consisting of 192 IEHVG units can harvest a record‐breaking voltage reaching 105 V and a high freshwater harvesting rate up to 2.0 L m−2 h−1 from seawater in a well‐lit outdoor area. This work demonstrates that IEHVG offers a novel concept for modular freshwater and high‐voltage power sources access on offshore work platforms.
The long‐term effects of childhood circumstances on older individuals: A systematic review
Authors: Parvin Mst. Rina , Johra Fateha Tuj , Akter Fazila , Wahiduzzaman Md. , Akter Khadiza , Das Mousumi , Mondal Sujit , Debnath Mitun , Ullah Mohammad , Rony Moustaq Karim Khan
Published: April 2024

Childhood experiences are known to shape individuals' development and can influence various aspects of life later on. Understanding the long‐term effects is crucial for informing interventions and policies aimed at promoting healthy aging. This review aimed to explore the long‐term effects of childhood experiences on older individuals. This systematic review comprised three distinct phases. Firstly, a systematic review was conducted, exploring databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and the Web of Science. Out of the 2116 studies initially identified, 24 studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Secondly, these inclusion criteria were applied to ensure that the chosen studies specifically delved into the connection between childhood experiences and outcomes in older individuals. Finally, data extraction and synthesis techniques were employed to analyze findings, facilitating the drawing of conclusions concerning the enduring impacts of childhood experiences on the well‐being of older individuals. The review's findings revealed how negative experiences in childhood continue to affect older individuals in various ways. These early‐life events have far‐reaching consequences, profoundly impacting their physical health, making them more susceptible to chronic diseases and weakening their immune system. Additionally, they affect mental health, leading to conditions like depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. Cognitive function is also affected, resulting in memory problems and cognitive decline. Furthermore, these experiences impact social relationships, affecting trust, emotional control, and social isolation in later life. This review highlighted the enduring influence of childhood circumstances on the health and well‐being of older individuals. Policymakers and health care practitioners should consider these findings when developing strategies to support healthy aging and mitigate the long‐term effects of adverse childhood experiences.
A 2D Acridine‐Based Covalent Organic Framework for Selective Detection and Efficient Extraction of Gold from Complex Aqueous‐Based Matrices
Authors: Mei Douchao , Yan Bing
Published: April 2024

Developing candidate materials which possess the ability of both selective detection and efficient capture of precious metal gold is highly desirable for environment and economy. However, most of reported materials only focus on single function, which seriously restricts their practical application as probes or adsorbents. Herein, a two dimensional (2D) acridine‐based covalent organic framework (TpDa‐COF) is prepared via the linkage of imine bonds for gold detection and adsorption. The synthesized COF can achieve both fluorescence and colorimetric dual sensing for Au3+ in a low concentration range (0.1–1.5 ppm) with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.036 ppm. Impressively, the selectivity of TpDa‐COF for the detection of Au3+ is admirable (Fe3+, Fe2+ and Cu2+ for negligible influence on its fluorescence). In addition, TpDa‐COF exhibits ultrahigh adsorption capacity of 982.5 mg ⋅ g−1 for gold at pH=4, which is attributed the synergistic effect of both selective coordination and reductive process of Au(III) to Au(0). Meanwhile, both positive entropy change (ΔS=76.07 J ⋅ mol−1 ⋅ K−1) and high distribution coefficient (Kd=12484.8 mL ⋅ g−1) confirm the good affinity between TpDa‐COF framework and gold. This work gives us a new insight to prepare COF with pyridine nitrogen sites for gold detection and adsorption.
Synergistic Al−Al Dual‐Atomic Site for Efficient Artificial Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Biswas Sudip , Zhou Jingwen , Chen Xue‐Lu , Chi Chen , Pan Yi‐An , Cui Peixin , Li Jian , Liu Chungen , Xia Xing‐Hua
Published: April 2024

Synthesis of ammonia by electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising alternative to the Haber–Bosch process. However, it is commonly obstructed by the high activation energy. Here, we report the design and synthesis of an Al−Al bonded dual atomic catalyst stabilized within an amorphous nitrogen‐doped porous carbon matrix (Al2NC) with high NRR performance. The dual atomic Al2‐sites act synergistically to catalyze the complex multiple steps of NRR through adsorption and activation, enhancing the proton‐coupled electron transfer. This Al2NC catalyst exhibits a high Faradaic efficiency of 16.56±0.3 % with a yield rate of 29.22±1.2 μg h−1 mgcat−1. The dual atomic Al2NC catalyst shows long‐term repeatable, and stable NRR performance. This work presents an insight into the identification of synergistic dual atomic catalytic site and mechanistic pathway for the electrochemical conversion of N2 to NH3.
Disaggregation‐Activated pan‐COX Imaging Agents for Human Soft tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Tae Hong Kyung , Bin Park Seung , Murale Dhiraj P. , Hoon Lee Jung , Hwang Jangsun , Young Jang Woo , Lee Jun‐Seok
Published: April 2024

Cancer stem cells are pivotal players in tumors initiation, growth, and metastasis. While several markers have been identified, there remain challenges particularly in heterogeneous malignancies like adult soft tissue sarcomas, where conventional markers are inherently overexpressed. Here, we designed BODIPY scaffold fluorescence probes (BD‐IMC‐1, BD‐IMC‐2) that activate via disaggregation targeting for cyclooxygenase (COX), a potential marker for CSCs in sarcoma in clinical pathology. Based on their structures, BD‐IMC‐1 showcased higher susceptibility to disaggregation compared to BD‐IMC‐2, consistent with their selective interaction with COX. Notably, the BD‐IMC‐1 revealed positive cooperativity binding to COX‐2 at sub‐micromolar ranges. Both probes showed significant fluorescence turn‐on upon LPS or PMA triggered COX‐2 upregulation in live RAW264.7, HeLa, and human sarcoma cell line (Saos‐LM2) up to 2‐fold increase with negligible toxicity. More importantly, the BD‐IMC‐1 demonstrated their practical imaging for COX‐2 positive cells in paraffin‐fixed human sarcoma tissue. Considering the fixed tissues are most practiced pathological sample, our finding suggests a potential of disaggregation activated chemosensor for clinical applications.
Unraveling the Dynamic Molecular Motions of a Twin‐Cavity Cage with Slow Configurational but Rapid Conformational Interconversions
Authors: Zuo Yong , Chen Zhenghong , Li Ziying , Fu Enguang , Xin Yonghang , Chen Chenhao , Li Chenfei , Zhang Shaodong
Published: April 2024

Featuring diverse structural motions/changes, dynamic molecular systems hold promise for executing complex tasks. However, their structural complexity presents formidable challenge in elucidating their kinetics, especially when multiple structural motions are intercorrelated. We herein introduce a twin‐cavity cage that features interconvertible C3‐ and C1‐configurations, with each configuration exhibiting interchangeable P‐ and M‐conformations. This molecule is therefore composed of four interconnected chiral species (P)‐C3, (M)‐C3, (P)‐C1, (M)‐C1. We showcase an effective approach to decouple these sophisticated structural changes into two kinetically distinct pathways. Utilizing time‐dependent 1H NMR spectroscopy at various temperatures, which disregards the transition between mirror‐image conformations, we first determine the rate constant (kc) for the C3‐ to C1‐configuration interconversion, while time‐dependent circular dichroism spectroscopy at different temperatures quantifies the observed rate constant (kobs) of the ensemble of all the structural changes. As kobs
kc, it allows us to decouple the overall molecular motions into a slow configurational transformation and rapid conformational interconversions, with the latter further dissected into two independent conformational interchanges, namely (P)‐C3
(M)‐C3 and (P)‐C1
(M)‐C1. This work, therefore, sheds light on the comprehensive kinetic study of complex molecular dynamics, offering valuable insights for the rational design of smart dynamic materials for applications of sensing, separation, catalysis, molecular machinery, etc.
Preparation of polypropylene nanofibers reinforced multifunctional epoxy composite concrete with ultraviolet‐driven afterglow emission
Authors: Aldalbahi Ali , Thamer Badr M. , Abdulhameed Meera Moydeen , El‐Newehy Mohamed H.
Published: April 2024

In order to develop smart concrete with afterglow emission, epoxy resin (EPX) was immobilized with nanoparticles of alkaline earth aluminate (NAEA) as a photoluminescent agent and electrospun polypropylene nanofibers (EPN) as a reinforcement agent. Scanning electron microscope images of EPN displayed diameters of 70–90 nm, whereas transmission electron microscopic images showed that NAEA has diameters of 3–9 nm. To create a transparent sheet that glows in the dark, NAEA were physically immobilized in EPN@EPX composite. CIE Lab and photoluminescence spectrum studies demonstrated that EPN@EPX bars turned greenish upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays and greenish‐yellow in a darkened box. The luminous EPN@EPX morphologies and chemical compositions were analyzed using various analytical methods. The resistance to scratching of EPN@EPX bars was monitored to considerably increase with increasing NAEA concentration. The photoluminescence spectrum demonstrated two emission peaks at 437 and 518 nm. Photoluminescent EPN@EPX hybrids with low NAEA content have shown rapid photochromism reversibility. On the contrary, NAEA‐rich EPN@EPX bars displayed slow reversibility, glowing in the dark. Superhydrophobicity and UV blockage were found to be significantly improved in the luminescent colorless EPN@EPX hybrids.
Molecular design and properties of P‐N‐B co‐intrinsic flame retardant thermosetting epoxy resin
Authors: Cheng Hengxing , Guo Junhong , Ye Yuan , Zhao Tianjing , Cui Jinfeng , Yang Baoping , Mu Bo , Tian Li , Bao Xuemei , Zhang Xiujun , Zhou Yingping , Fu Xiaohua
Published: April 2024

Currently, epoxy resin (EP) is widely used in various fields, but its flammability greatly limits the wider application of EP. In recent years, additive flame retardants have been widely used to enhance the flame retardancy of EPs, but poor resistance to weather and aging is a prevalent issue encountered with additive flame retardants. To improve the weather fastness, researchers have successfully created and synthesized EP molecules that possess a combined effect of P, N, and B. The results demonstrate a significant enhancement in the mechanical properties of materials containing 20% BVN/10% VPD/EP compared with those of pure EP. 20% BVN/20% VPD/EP exhibited a vertical combustion rating of V‐1 with a limiting oxygen index measuring at 29.8%. The flame retardant epoxy thermosets exhibited a notable decrease in both the maximum heat release rate and total heat release. The findings indicate that the inherent flame‐retardant properties of the P‐N‐B coacting EP are not only characterized by exceptional curing and flame retardancy but also by superior resistance to weathering and aging compared with the additive flame retardant.
Toxicological, biochemical, and in silico investigations of three trehalase inhibitors for new ways to control aphids
Authors: Neyman Virgile , Quicray Maude , Francis Frédéric , Michaux Catherine
Published: April 2024

Insect trehalases have been identified as promising new targets for pest control. These key enzymes are involved in trehalose hydrolysis and plays an important role in insect growth and development. In this contribution, plant and microbial compounds, namely validamycin A, amygdalin, and phloridzin, were evaluated for their effect, through trehalase inhibition, on Acyrthosiphon pisum aphid. The latter is part of the Aphididae family, main pests as phytovirus vectors and being very harmful for crops. Validamycin A was confirmed as an excellent trehalase inhibitor with an half maximal inhibitory concentration and inhibitor constant of 2.2 × 10−7 and 5 × 10−8 M, respectively, with a mortality rate of ~80% on a A. pisum population. Unlike validamycin A, the insect lethal efficacy of amygdalin and phloridzin did not correspond to their trehalase inhibition, probably due to their hydrolysis by insect β‐glucosidases. Our docking studies showed that none of the three compounds can bind to the trehalase active site, unlike their hydrolyzed counterparts, that is, validoxylamine A, phloretin, and prunasin. Validoxylamine A would be by far the best trehalase binder, followed by phloretin and prunasin.
Sensitive osteoarthritis sensing by salt‐induced aggregation and dispersion of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Fan Yong , Li Renjie , Deng Xuekai , Li Ming , Zhou Yu , Wu Dan , Liu Gang
Published: April 2024

Osteoarthritis occurs in any joints, and identification in its earlier stages helps to treat the disease and increase the recovery rate. The radiography method and imaging techniques are traditionally used to identify osteoarthritis. But these methods are expensive, and with the complicated steps. Researchers are working toward developing a highly sensitive biosensor in identifying the osteoarthritis biomarker. This research was focused on developing a C‐terminal telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX‐II) colorimetric sensor with gold nanoparticle (AuNP) for diagnosing osteoarthritis. Anti‐CTX‐II was conjugated with AuNP and then added with CTX‐II and sodium chloride for the color change. In the presence of CTX‐II, antibody releases from AuNP then binds with CTX‐II, and the color of AuNP changed to purple. Without the CTX‐II, AuNP remains its red color (dispersed). This easier colorimetric assay detected the CTX‐II as low as 2 ng/mL on linear regression [y = 0.0131x − 0.0051; R2 = 0.9205]. Furthermore, control performances with the relevant proteins osteopontin, IL‐6, and nonimmune antibody failed to change the color confirming the specific identification of CTX‐II.
Unveiling the Supercapacitive Performance of B, P Dual‐Doped Graphene in Triple Redox Additives
Authors: Suresh Balaji S. , Vignesh V. , Pandurangan A.
Published: April 2024

Dual heteroatom doping of graphene is currently presumed as more promising for energy storage applications. In addition, the development of energy density with multiple redox additives is paying special attention. Here, we report the fabrication of B, P dual‐doped graphene in three various weight combinations. The formation and the quantity of the prepared samples were investigated by XRD, FT‐IR, EDAX and XPS. The B, P dual‐doped graphene derived from the weight ratio of boron and phosphorus dopant in 1 : 3 has achieved an enriched gravimetric capacitance of 360 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 (1 M H2SO4) and greater than RGO (151 F g−1). The energy density of the fabricated symmetric supercapacitor cell is found to be 50 Wh kg−1 in triple redox additives in 1 M H2SO4 solution which is greater than KI (33 Wh Kg−1) and 1 M H2SO4 alone (5 Wh Kg−1) at 2 A g−1. Also, the same cell delivered an increased stability of 99.7 % of capacitance retained from its initial value after 7000 charge–discharge cycles at 5 A g−1.
A systemic approach to identifying sequence frameworks that decrease mAb production in a transient Chinese hamster ovary cell expression system
Authors: Szkodny Alana C. , Lee Kelvin H.
Published: April 2024

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are often engineered at the sequence level for improved clinical performance yet are rarely evaluated prior to candidate selection for their “developability” characteristics, namely expression, which can necessitate additional resource investments to improve the manufacturing processes for problematic mAbs. A strong relationship between primary sequence and expression has emerged, with slight differences in amino acid sequence resulting in titers differing by up to an order of magnitude. Previous work on these “difficult‐to‐express” (DTE) mAbs has shown that these phenotypes are driven by post‐translational bottlenecks in antibody folding, assembly, and secretion processes. However, it has been difficult to translate these findings across cell lines and products. This work presents a systematic approach to study the impact of sequence variation on mAb expression at a larger scale and under more industrially relevant conditions. The analysis found 91 mutations that decreased transient expression of an IgG1κ in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and revealed that mutations at inaccessible residues, especially those leading to decreases in residue hydrophobicity, are not favorable for high expression. This workflow can be used to better understand sequence determinants of mAb expression to improve candidate selection procedures and reduce process development timelines.
Investigations of Limeum Indicum Plant for Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease Dual Therapy: Phytochemical, GC‐MS Chemical Profiling, Enzyme Inhibition, Molecular Docking and In‐Vivo Studies
Authors: Shamim Tahira , Asif Hafiz Muhammad , Abida Ejaz Syeda , Hussain Zahid , Wani Tanveer A. , Sumreen Laila , Abdullah Muhammad , Ahmed Zubair , Iqbal Jamshed , Kim Song Ja , Shah Muhammad Kamal
Published: April 2024

Limeum indicum has been widely utilized in traditional medicine but no experimental work has been done on this herb. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a phytochemical analysis and assess the multifunctional capabilities of aforementioned plant in dual therapy for Alzheimer′s disease (AD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The phytochemical screening of ethanol, methanol extract, and their derived fractions of Limeum indicum was conducted using GC‐MS, HPLC, UV‐analysis and FTIR. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH method. The inhibitory potential of the extracts/fractions against α‐, β‐glucosidase acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and monoaminine oxidases (MAO‐A & B) was evaluated. Results revealed that acetonitrile fraction has highest inhibitory potential against α‐glucosidase (IC50=68.47±0.05 μg/mL), methanol extract against β‐glucosidase (IC50=91.12±0.07 μg/mL), ethyl acetate fraction against AChE (IC50=59.0±0.02 μg/mL), ethanol extract against BChE (28.41±0.01 μg/mL), n‐hexane fraction against MAO‐A (IC50=150.5±0.31 μg/mL) and methanol extract for MAO‐B (IC50=75.95±0.13 μg/mL). The docking analysis of extracts\fractions suggested the best binding scores within the active pocket of the respective enzymes. During the in‐vivo investigation, ethanol extract produced hypoglycemic effect (134.52±2.79 and 119.38±1.40 mg/dl) after 21 days treatment at dose level of 250 and 500 mg/Kg. Histopathological findings further supported the in‐vivo studies.
Chemical Constituents from the deep‐sea‐derived Fungus Aureobasidium melanogenum LUO5
Authors: Dong Hao‐Yu , Wang Yuan , Zhang Xiao‐Yu , Zhang Meng , Yang Long‐He , Zou Zheng‐Biao , Li You , Xie Ming‐Min , Yang Xian‐Wen , Wang Bin
Published: April 2024

Three new C10 and C12 aliphatic δ‐lactones (1–3), three new fatty acid methyl esters (4–6), and eight known compounds (7–14) were isolated from the marine Aureobasidium sp. LUO5. Their structures were established by detailed analyses of the NMR, HRESIMS, optical rotation, and ECD data. All isolates were tested for their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in LPS‐induced BV‐2 cells. Notably, compound 4 displayed the strongest inhibitory effect with the IC50 value of 120.3 nM.
New Antibacterial 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole Derivatives With Pyridine Moiety
Authors: Şener Nesrin , Aldwib Aiman Emhemad Omeran
Published: April 2024

1,3,4‐Thiadiazole compounds were synthesized using pyridine carboxylic acid derivatives and thiosemicarbazide derivatives. The molecular structures of the resulting compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods such as ATR‐FTIR, 1H‐NMR, and elemental analysis. Its compounds were also examined for their antibacterial properties against some strains of bacteria. Five synthesized compounds showed varying antibacterial effects on Escherichia coli, Salmonella kentucky, Bacillus substilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. This result revealed that some of the resulting compounds could be antibacterial agents.
State of the Art of Methanol Reforming for Hydrogen Generation
Authors: B. S. Thirumalesh , Asapu Ramesh
Published: April 2024

Green hydrogen is the energy carrier set in the roadmap to achieve the net zero target. However, hydrogen as the future energy vector, either in compressed gaseous form or liquefied form, demands a complete overhaul of storage and transportation infrastructure at a global scale. Methanol is one of the commercially viable hydrogen carriers that can overcome the infrastructure challenges associated with the storage and transportation of hydrogen. As a sustainable hydrogen carrier, methanol must be reformed to hydrogen prior to the point of usage. This review begins with a detailed discussion on thermocatalytic methanol reforming, catalysts, operating conditions, and the associated challenges for both stationary and mobility applications. An in‐depth analysis of the existing commercial methanol reformers available for on‐board and onsite hydrogen generation is also presented. The current state of the research‐level photo‐ and electroreforming as a possible alternative to thermocatalytic reforming is reviewed and concludes with the future prospects for methanol reforming.
Chemistry of Strigolactones, Key Players in Plant Communication
Authors: Daignan‐Fornier Suzanne , Keita Antoinette , Boyer François‐Didier
Published: April 2024

Today, the use of artificial pesticides is questionable and the adaptation to global warming is a necessity. The promotion of favorable natural interactions in the rhizosphere offers interesting perspectives for changing the type of agriculture. Strigolactones (SLs), the latest class of phytohormones to be discovered, are also chemical mediators in the rhizosphere. We present in this review the diversity of natural SLs, their analogs, mimics, and probes essential for the biological studies of this class of compounds. Their biosynthesis and access by organic synthesis are highlighted especially concerning noncanonical SLs, the more recently discovered natural SLs. Organic synthesis of analogs, stable isotope‐labeled standards, mimics, and probes are also reviewed here. In the last part, the knowledge about the SL perception is described as well as the different inhibitors of SL receptors that have been developed.
A novel approach to saline/contrast delivery in excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA) to enhance efficacy: MAXCon ELCA technique
Authors: Case Brian C. , Bazarbashi Najdat , Johnson Adam , Rogers Toby , Ben‐Dor Itsik , Satler Lowell F. , Waksman Ron , Hashim Hayder D. , Gallino Robert , Bernardo Nelson L.
Published: April 2024

The advent of excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA) nearly four decades ago heralded a novel way to treat complex lesions, both coronary and peripheral, which were previously untraversable and thus untreatable. These complex lesions include heavily calcified lesions, ostial lesions, bifurcation lesions, chronic total occlusions, in‐stent restenosis (including stent underexpansion), and degenerative saphenous vein grafts. We discuss the technology of ELCA, its indications, applications, and complications, and suggest the “MAXCon ELCA” technique for better outcomes without increased risk. Lastly, we present a case of MAXCon ELCA effectively treating a complex lesion.
Effect of EDTA with porous balloon on calcified lesion: An atherosclerotic cadaver study
Authors: Kawai Kenji , Madra Anna , Kawakami Rika , Sato Yu , Konishi Takao , Shiraki Tatsuya , Sekimoto Teruo , Tanaka Takamasa , Virmani Renu , Finn Aloke V.
Published: April 2024

Background

Ethylene diamine tetra‐acetic acid (EDTA) is a chelating agent used to dissolve calcium deposits but evidence in decalcifying atherosclerotic lesions is limited.

Aims

We assessed the feasibility and efficacy of EDTA delivered via porous balloon to target calcified lesions in cadaveric below‐the‐knee (BTK) arteries.

Methods

Using porcine carotid arteries, EDTA concentration was measured in the arterial wall and outside the artery at the 0‐, 0.5‐, 4‐, and 24‐h circulation after the injection through a porous balloon. In cadaver BTK samples, the proximal and distal anterior tibial artery (ATA) and distal posterior tibial artery (PTA) were studied. EDTA‐2Na/H2O or EDTA‐3Na/H2O were administrated using a porous balloon, then circulated for 6 h for EDTA‐3Na/H2O and 24 h for EDTA‐2Na/H2O and EDTA‐3Na/H2O. Micro‐CT imaging of the artery segments before and after the circulation and cross‐sectional analyses were performed to evaluate calcium burden.

Results

In the porcine carotid study, EDTA was delivered through a porous balloon present in the arterial wall and was retained there for 24 h. In BTK arteries, cross‐sectional analyses of micro‐CT revealed a significant decrease in the calcium area in the distal ATA segment under 24‐h circulation with EDTA‐2Na/H2O and in the distal ATA segment under 24‐h circulation with EDTA‐3Na/H2O. The proximal ATA segment under 6‐h circulation with EDTA‐3Na/H2O showed no significant change in any parameters of calcium

Conclusion

EDTA‐3Na/H2O or EDTA‐2Na/H2O with longer circulation times resulted in greater calcium reduction in atherosclerotic lesion. EDTA may have a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of atherosclerotic calcified lesions.
Delayed diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris in rural Nepal due to healthcare inaccessibility and harmful traditional practices: A case report
Authors: Adhikari Amisha , Mikrani Jameel Akhtar , Nepal Samata , Rauniyar Ashish , Chaudhary Manish , Atreya Alok
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Early intervention is imperative for potentially fatal dermatologic diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris. In rural Nepal, limited public awareness, home remedies, and delays in healthcare access lead to poor outcomes. Although biopsy confirms the diagnosis, experienced dermatologists can make an accurate clinical diagnosis when characteristic skin lesions are present.
Acute intestinal obstruction secondary to ingested foreign body in an adult with autism spectrum disorder: A rare case report and review of literature
Authors: KC Suraj , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Kumar Abhijeet , Khanal Bhawani , Lamichhane Samiksha , Buhusal Amrit , Sah Vijay Pratap , Bartaula Sanjok , Raki Injmamul Haque , Jindal Raghav
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Foreign body ingestion is common in pediatric age group however can be found in any age group with intellectual disability and neurodevelopmental delay. There is usually a delay in presentation and interventions following foreign body ingestion in patients with neurodevelopmental delay, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and complications owing to inability of such patients giving relevant history. Most ingested foreign bodies naturally pass through the digestive tract without untoward effects. Only a few patients may require surgical interventions. Principle of management should be to reduce anxiety among patients and their visitors. Speedy recovery is enhanced so that they can return to their familiar environment soon.

Foreign body ingestion is common in pediatric populations and may be found in any age group with intellectual disability and neurodevelopmental delay. As the patient cannot give a clear and relevant history, there is usually a delay in presentation and interventions following foreign body ingestion in patients with neurodevelopmental delay, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and complications. Most foreign bodies pass through the digestive system without any complications, and very few require surgical intervention. The goal should be to reduce anxiety among patients and their visitors and to enhance speedy recovery so that they can return to their familiar environment soon. Here we report a case of Acute intestinal obstruction secondary to ingestion of the head portion of a doll which was managed with emergency laparotomy with enterotomy and removal of foreign body in a 16 years female with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Bi@C nanosphere anode with Na+‐ether‐solvent cointercalation behavior to achieve fast sodium storage under extreme low temperatures
Authors: Liu Lingli , Li Siqi , Hu Lei , Liang Xin , Yang Wei , Yang Xulai , Hu Kunhong , Hou Chaofeng , Han Yongsheng , Chou Shulei
Published: April 2024

The low ion transport is a major obstacle for low‐temperature (LT) sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, a core‐shell structure of bismuth (Bi) nanospheres coated with carbon (Bi@C) is constructed by utilizing a novel Bi‐based complex (1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride as the ligand) as the precursor, which provides an effective template to fabricate Bi‐based anodes. At −40°C, the Bi@C anode achieves a high capacity, which is equivalent to 96% of that at 25°C, benefitting from the core‐shell nanostructured engineering and Na+‐ether‐solvent cointercalation process. The special Na+‐diglyme cointercalation behavior may effectively reduce the activation energy and accelerate the Na+ diffusion kinetics, enabling the excellent low‐temperature performance of the Bi@C electrode. As expected, the fabricated Na3V2(PO4)3//Bi@C full‐cell delivers impressive rechargeability in the ether‐based electrolyte at −40°C. Density functional theory calculations and electrochemical tests also reveal the fast reaction kinetic mechanism at LT, thanks to a much lower diffusion energy barrier (167 meV) and a lower reaction activation energy (32.2 kJ mol−1) of Bi@C anode in comparison with that of bulk Bi. This work provides a rational design of Bi‐based electrodes for rechargeable SIBs under extreme conditions.
Cross‐layer all‐interface defect passivation with pre‐buried additive toward efficient all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Qiurui , Zhu Jingwei , Zhao Yuanyuan , Chang Yijie , Hao Nini , Xin Zhe , Zhang Qiang , Chen Cong , Huang Hao , Tang Qunwei
Published: April 2024

The buried interface in the perovskite solar cell (PSC) has been regarded as a breakthrough to boost the power conversion efficiency and stability. However, a comprehensive manipulation of the buried interface in terms of the transport layer, buried interlayer, and perovskite layer has been largely overlooked. Herein, we propose the use of a volatile heterocyclic compound called 2‐thiopheneacetic acid (TPA) as a pre‐buried additive in the buried interface to achieve cross‐layer all‐interface defect passivation through an in situ bottom‐up infiltration diffusion strategy. TPA not only suppresses the serious interfacial nonradiative recombination losses by precisely healing the interfacial and underlying defects but also effectively enhances the quality of perovskite film and releases the residual strain of perovskite film. Owing to this versatility, TPA‐tailored CsPbBr3 PSCs deliver a record efficiency of 11.23% with enhanced long‐term stability. This breakthrough in manipulating the buried interface using TPA opens new avenues for further improving the performance and reliability of PSC.
Metal‐Organic Framework PCN‐224 Combined Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles for Hypoxia Relief and Synergistic Photodynamic/Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yuan Haoming , Chen Kaixiu , Geng Jing , Wu Ziyong , Wang Chao , Shi Pengfei
Published: April 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) are promising tumor treatments mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have the advantages of being minimally invasive. However, the hypoxia of tumor microenvironment and poor target ability often reduce the therapeutic effect. Here we propose a tumor targeted nanoplatform PCN‐224@Co3O4‐HA for enhanced PDT and synergistic CDT, constructed by hyaluronate‐modified Co3O4 nanoparticles decorated metal‐organic framework PCN‐224. Co3O4 can catalyze the decomposition of highly expressed H2O2 in tumor cells to produce oxygen and alleviate the problem of hypoxia. It can also produce hydroxyl radicals according to the Fenton‐like reaction for chemical dynamic therapy, significantly improving the therapeutic effect. The cell survival experiment showed that after in vitro treatment, 4T1 and MCF‐7 cancer cells died in a large area under the anaerobic state, while the survival ability of normal cell L02 was nearly unchanged. This result effectively indicated that PCN‐224@Co3O4‐HA could effectively relieve tumor hypoxia and improve the effect of PDT and synergistic CDT. Cell uptake experiments showed that PCN‐224@Co3O4‐HA had good targeting properties and could effectively aggregate in tumor cells. In vivo experiments on mice, PCN‐224@Co3O4‐HA presented reliable biosafety performance, and can cooperate with PDT and CDT therapy to prevent the growth of tumor.
Silver(i) Perfluoroalcoholates: Synthesis, Structure, and their Use as Transfer Reagents
Authors: Golz Paul , Shakeri Kamar , Maas Lilian , Balizs Marius , Pérez‐Bitrián Alberto , Kemmler Helen D. , Kleoff Merlin , Voßnacker Patrick , Christmann Mathias , Riedel Sebastian
Published: April 2024

Herein we report a general access to silver(i) perfluoroalcoholates, their structure in the solid state and in solution, and their use as transfer reagents. The silver(i) perfluoroalcoholates are prepared by the reaction of AgF with the corresponding perfluorinated carbonyl compounds in acetonitrile and are stable for a prolonged time at −18 °C. X‐ray analysis of single crystals of perfluoroalcoholate species showed that two Ag(i) centers are bridged by the alcoholate ligands. In acetonitrile solution, Ag[OCF3] forms different structures as indicated by IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the silver(i) perfluoroalcoholates can be used as easy‐to‐handle transfer reagents for the synthesis of Cu[OCF3], Cu[OC2F5], [PPh4][Au(CF3)3(OCF3)], and fluorinated alkyl ethers.
Advantages of a synchrotron light source for fluorescence‐detected linear dichroism
Authors: Jones Nykola C. , Rodger Alison , Hoffmann Søren V.
Published: April 2024

Fluorescence‐detected linear dichroism (FD‐LD) enables one to collect linear dichroism spectra for oriented fluorophores in the presence of other absorbing species and light scattering. The experiment proceeds by scanning the excitation wavelength and using a filter to collect only emitted photons from the fluorophore. Thus, it has the potential to give data with enhanced selectivity and quality. By using a synchrotron radiation light source and fluorescence‐detection, we show data for a range of fluorophores in different orienting environments. Film and flow‐oriented FD‐LD spectra were collected down to 170 nm. Even for flow‐oriented liposomes, we have data collected down to 210 nm. For strongly scattering samples, for example, liposomes, FD‐LD has the clear advantage that scattering is absent for the longer wavelength fluorescence photons. The collimated and smaller beam size of the synchrotron radiation also gives rise to sharper and more well‐defined features in the spectra.