bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructing Gender: Old Wine in New Media(skins)
Authors: Moore Darnell L.
Published: June 2011

The purpose of this essay is to assess how the preached word — at least the ways in which certain Christian teachings, doctrines, theologies, and moral ideologies are often framed for us through the preaching moment — has much to do with the ways in which gender roles are imagined, constructed, and lived out and even the ways in which gender-based violence and violation can be reinforced. By engaging the teachings of several prominent Pentecostal preachers as posted on YouTube, and the multiple/competing responses of the comments sections therein, I seek to demonstrated how new media tools can serve as catalysts for the production and/or reproduction of problematic understandings of gender roles, and how these mediums reinforce sexual ethics that ultimately result in human violation.
Media, Pentecost and Prosperity: The Racial Meaning behind the Aesthetic Message
Authors: Butler Anthea
Published: June 2011

The deft use of media by Afro-Pentecostal evangelists and performers has popularized historic changes in Pentecostal belief, theology, and practice. These changes are magnified when investigated through the lens of race, gender, and aesthetics. Focusing on how Afro-Pentecostals deploy and use the media is important in discerning how beliefs are changed and/or reinforced by Afro-Pentecostals.
Divine, Human and Poetic Time in Pindar, Pythian 9
Authors: Grethlein Jonas
Published: June 2011

This paper argues that Pythian 9, hailed for its romantic charm, also throws into relief an aspect that is widely assumed to be absent from it, specifically the gap between men and gods. That is, differences between the praise for Telesicrates and the Apollo and Alexidamus myths indicate that the swiftness even of a Pythian victor does not compare with the immediacy with which gods realize their desires. Furthermore, a narratological reading, elucidating the ‘content of the form’, suggests that the ode’s temporal organization, particularly the aspects of order and duration, underscores the discrepancy between divine and human times.
Intimacy and Alterity: Prophetic Selves and Spirit Others in Central Mozambique
Authors: Luedke Tracy
Published: June 2011

In the context of Mozambican prophet healing, spirit-host relationships unfold between intimacy and alterity. The interweaving of spirits’ and hosts’ biographies in possession is enacted bodily in the form of pains, postures, and punishments, and often pits their wills and well-beings against one another. Spirit possession is an intimate exchange, a bodily and social confluence that invokes the most familiar of interpersonal relationships (spouses, parents and their children). On the other hand, the natures, motives, and agendas of the spirits often remain opaque. As prophets struggle to make sense and make use of the spirits who possess them, the power of the spirits reveals itself in their unknowability and contrariness, the elusiveness and partiality of their profiles. These intimate others both threaten and succor their hosts, to whom they are both kin and strangers, and it is through this dialectic that their special vantage on human suffering comes into view.
The Charismatic Dividual and the Sacred Self*
Authors: Werbner Richard
Published: June 2011

The notion of ‘a break with the past’ foregrounds the individual as the new person reborn in Christian churches. Against that, across southern Africa Apostolic churches still face moral and metaphysical predicaments of the person being individual and, alternatively, dividual. The dividual is here taken to be someone who is composite or partible and permeated by others’ emotions and shared substances, including body dirt or sexual and other fluids. These personal predicaments are often experienced as dangerously unsettling—in need of careful spiritual regard, guidance and inspired remedy lest the person suffer ill-being, perhaps even occult harm. Dividuality opens the vulnerable person both to witchcraft attack (enemies may use organic bits for occult purposes, with malicious intent) and to pollution in contact with birth and death. In response, Apostolic church services constitute reformation. They reject indigenous tradition in forms of occult practice with charms and organic medicines—it is a sinful tradition, against God’s commandments and not Christian—but they do not deny the existence of witchcraft; nor do they start wholly afresh, even with the baptised. Apostolics find themselves earthly beings needing help and protection from God in heaven. As faithful Christians and hopeful of temporary relief, they confront the predicaments of alternative personhood within an ongoing war of good and evil. To get closer to God, if only vicariously, Apostolics turn to charismatic prophets as mediators through whom the Word of God can be heard, effectively and powerfully, and whose very bodies speak revealingly, in the gestures and postures of trance, to the needy condition of the faithful. Following a comparison with Catholic Charismatics in New England, this article addresses linguistic and phenomenological questions of Word, self and other with evidence from observed prophetic mediation by young men in séances of Eloyi, a transnational Apostolic church, and its offshoot church, Connolius, at Botswana’s capital. Included are issues of awesome narration, vicarious suffering, empathy with others, sacred cosmetics, and visionary realization.
The Location of Azaris on the Patrilineal Genetic Landscape of the Middle East (A Preliminary Report)
Authors: Andonian Laris , Rashidvash Vahid , Yepiskoposian Levon , Margarian Shot
Published: June 2011

The origin of the Turkic-speaking population of the north-western provinces of Iran, the so-called Azaris, is the subject of long-year debate. Here, we present preliminary results on testing of several hypotheses concerning their origin: 1) the Azaris are the descendants of the Turkic ethnic groups migrated from Central Asia; 2) they have an autochthonous origins; 3) they are of Iranian origin; and 4) they have mixed ethnic origin with unknown proportions of source populations' contribution. The results show that Azaris have much weaker genetic affinity with the populations from Central Asia and the Caucasus than with their immediate geographic neighbours. Relying on these outcomes one can suggest that language replacement (change) with regard to Azaris occurred through "elite dominance" mechanism rather than "demic diffusion" model.
Selected Pashto Problems II. Historical Phonology 1: On Vocalism and Etyma
Authors: Cheung Johnny
Published: June 2011

This study presents a new, systematic treatment of the Pashto continuations of the Old Iranian vocalism. The analysis is accompanied by an assessment of the etymology of the Pashto forms mentioned in George Morgenstierne's Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (EVP) and its postumously revised New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (NEVP). This contribution has also implications for our understanding of the historical morphology, notably the case system, of Pashto.
How to Feud and Rebel: 2. Histories, Cultures and Grievances of the Chechens and Albanians
Authors: ten Dam Caspar
Published: June 2011

This article analyses the historical roots and cultural characteristics of the Chechens and Albanians, and how they relate, in their recurrent conflicts with the Russians and Serbs, to long-term grievances, the second variable of my Brutalisation theory. In this article I also explain why the theory departs from the grievance rather than greed premise. Indeed, most of the Chechen and Albanian grievances appear to be based on real and correctly perceived, i.e. absolute deprivations. More fundamentally, given my post -constructivist proposition on the "acting-out" of norms, values and beliefs irrespective of factual or invented origins, I seek to show that martialism, (Sufiinspired) resistance, and (male) egalitarianism have helped to shape and sustain historic grievances, Islamisation (particularly among Chechens), nationalist aspirations and traditional violence-values in Chechen and Albanian societies. Finally, I describe how pre-1979 trauma's and devastations destroyed most records, buildings and symbols of their cultures and histories, as a cautionary note to my efforts to trace both the factual and mythologised foundations of their identities.
The Diplomacy of the Financial Crisis in Context
Authors: Bayne Nicholas
Published: June 2011

Until the 1980s, financial crises were caused by governments. But thereafter the private sector became the main culprit. The reforms introduced after the Asian crisis of the late 1990s were not properly implemented. Responsibility for financial stability became fragmented and the normal practices of economic diplomacy were abandoned. The crisis of 2007 thus caught governments unawares and obliged them to adopt extreme measures to avoid catastrophe. The decision-making that was associated with these measures gave more power to emerging markets through the G20. It ended the fragmentation of authority and achieved reasonable consistency of national, European and international financial reforms. It introduced stringent new rules in place of regulatory capture. But this progress was fragile: G7 members still tried to control the G20; the new reforms depended on national enforcement; and governments still needed too much from the banks to be able to discipline them completely. This crisis might be over, but it has left the seeds of the next one.
‘Great Power Style’ in China’s Economic Diplomacy: Filling the Shoes of a Benign Hegemon?
Authors: Jiang Yang
Published: June 2011

China’s ascendance attracts concern, even though Beijing claims to be a responsible great power and tries to demonstrate its ‘great power style’ in economic diplomacy. This article therefore discusses the following questions: to what extent does the current notion and practice of Chinese ‘great power style’ in economic diplomacy comply with, or differ from, the criteria of benign hegemony; and what are the major constraining factors? Conceptually, China’s ‘great power style’ is rooted in ancient Chinese political philosophy and institution, but it highly resembles the Western notion of benign hegemony. Empirically, China has started to provide more public goods in trade, finance and aid, and it seeks voting powers at international institutions. However, it is still far from being a benign hegemon because of its level of development, domestic political constraints, and tension between political and economic interests.
Any Ties that Bind? Economic Diplomacy on the South Asian Subcontinent
Authors: Murshed Syed Mansoob , Ward Hugh , Dorussen Han
Published: June 2011

The ‘liberal peace’ model emphasizes the importance of commercial ties and shared norms for peaceful inter-state relations. In view of that, economic diplomacy promotes cross-border economic activities not only for direct economic gains but also for the indirect benefits of stable political relations. Ever since the creation of India and Pakistan in 1947, political relations between the two states have been tense and have witnessed six military confrontations. The enduring rivalry has undoubtedly limited contacts between the two countries. The political elites have only intermittently supported direct diplomatic engagement, and there are severe restrictions on trade and travel between the countries for ordinary citizens. Furthermore, India is generally seen as a successful democracy in a developing country, while Pakistan has been an autocracy for large parts of its history. India-Pakistan can therefore be considered as a worst-case scenario for the liberal peace model, with continued high levels of hostility likely.This article argues that economic diplomacy continues to matter, because it has increasingly involved India and Pakistan with the world community. It provides evidence suggesting that these indirect links can be seen to have functioned as (partial) substitutes for direct ties. Furthermore, the article analyses the relevance of indirect ties for diplomatic efforts to address three conflict issues: the Kashmir conflict; the Indus water basin; and the nuclear programmes.
EU Economic Diplomacy: The Factors Shaping Common Action
Authors: Woolcock Stephen
Published: June 2011

The current special issue of The Hague Journal of Diplomacy is concerned with economic diplomacy. This article looks at the role that the European Union plays in economic diplomacy and shows that the EU’s role is essentially to facilitate, rather than to promote national companies as EU member state governments do. After discussing the various definitions of economic diplomacy, the article summarizes the areas in which the European Union constrains the scope for certain national policies of the EU member states. The article then discusses the factors that shape EU economic diplomacy and assesses the relative importance of these factors in specific negotiations.
"Men of Feminine Courage": Thomas Hobbes and Life as a Right
Authors: Ribeiro Renato Janine
Published: June 2011

In this article we examine the true scope of the right Hobbes recognizes, even for the subjects of a State, to life. We hold that the right to live includes the subject's right not to accept to be deprived not only of life but also of limb; a right not to have to kill; a right not to accept to be imprisoned. The sovereign of course has a right to kill, mutilate and arrest but the conflict of his right and the subject's is an original feature of Hobbes's political thought, not to be found for instance in Locke's. Also, since life is motion and desire is a continual progress from one object to another, the mere survival of the subject is not enough to make him content once peace has been achieved. The expression of the subject's discontent is illegal, but it may happen since we can understand the right to live as a right to an ever more ambitious desire. The ruler who wants to avoid discontent and its uncivil effects should in a certain measure pave the way for economic development, in order to permit the subjects to at least partially attain their desire. Obviously this is not a moral duty of the sovereign, but a prudential one, if he does not want to risk losing his office.
Why Don't All Contact Features Act Alike? Contact Features as Enregistered Features
Authors: Babel Anna
Published: June 2011

It has been widely observed that speakers of Andean Spanish use features that are borrowed or calqued from Quechua (de Granda 2001; Pfänder 2009). In this article, I demonstrate that these features are not evenly distributed over contexts of language use; rather, most contact features occur significantly more frequently in conversations than in formal contexts such as meetings. However, some contact features behave differently: they are more likely to occur in meetings than in conversation. Why don't all contact features act alike? I suggest that this result can be explained by the linguistic anthropological theory of enregisterment (Agha 2005, 2007). Agha defines register as 'a linguistic repertoire that is associated, culture-internally, with particular social practices and with persons who engage in such practices' (2004: 24). I demonstrate that while some Quechua contact features in Spanish have been linked to informal contexts associated with Quechua and Quechua speakers through the process of enregisterment, other features bypassed this process, retaining Quechua pragmatic content that links them to a formal register. I argue that the theory of enregisterment provides a useful tool for interpreting the effects of language contact.
Frequency Effects on the Morphological Conditioning of Syllable-fi nal / s / Reduction in Border Uruguayan Spanish
Authors: Waltermire Mark
Published: June 2011

This research provides a usage-based account of the phonological reduction of syllable and wordfinal /s/ in the bilingual Spanish of the Uruguayan-Brazilian border. As with monolingual dialects of Uruguayan Spanish, patterns of aspiration and deletion seem to be conditioned by lexical frequency, with words of high frequency demonstrating higher rates of reduction than words of low frequency. Unlike these dialects, however, the deletion of /s/ in border varieties may be conditioned by Portuguese morphological patterns in which plural /s/ is deleted for head nouns and adjectives but retained for determiners. This possibility is explored by examining the linear and relative positions of plural NP constituents as well as the plural marking patterns of preceding constituents. Multivariate analysis shows that /s/ deletion is statistically probable in highly frequent words whereas aspiration is favored among words of low frequency. The latter finding may be the result of a social distribution of aspirated variants among more upwardly mobile residents. The use of both variants is conditioned by the morphological patterns of Portuguese, in which plural marking is carried out through the use of overt articulations for plural determiners and first position NP constituents while plural markers are deleted for nouns and adjectives, especially for second and third position constituents. These results provide further evidence of the uniqueness of bilingual dialects and support the claim that bilinguals have more expansive linguistic repertoires than monolinguals.
Analysis of a Tornadic Mesoscale Convective Vortex Based on Ensemble Kalman Filter Assimilation of CASA X-Band and WSR-88D Radar Data
Authors: Snook Nathan , Xue Ming , Jung Youngsun
Published: June 2011

One of the goals of the National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) is to improve storm-scale numerical weather prediction (NWP) by collecting data with a dense X-band radar network that provides high-resolution low-level coverage, and by assimilating such data into NWP models. During the first spring storm season after the deployment of four radars in the CASA Integrated Project-1 (IP-1) network in southwest Oklahoma, a tornadic mesoscale convective system (MCS) was captured by CASA and surrounding Weather Surveillance Radars-1988 Doppler (WSR-88Ds) on 8–9 May 2007. The MCS moved across northwest Texas and western and central Oklahoma; two tornadoes rated as category 1 on the enhanced Fujita scale (EF-1) and one tornado of EF-0 intensity were reported during the event, just to the north of the IP-1 network. This was the first tornadic convective system observed by CASA.

To quantify the impacts of CASA radar data in storm-scale NWP, a set of data assimilation experiments were performed using the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) system configured with full model physics and high-resolution terrain. Data from four CASA IP-1 radars and five WSR-88Ds were assimilated in some of the experiments. The ensemble contained 40 members, and radar data were assimilated every 5 min for 1 h. While the assimilation of WSR-88D data alone was able to produce a reasonably accurate analysis of the convective system, assimilating CASA data in addition to WSR-88D data is found to improve the representation of storm-scale circulations, particularly in the lowest few kilometers of the atmosphere, as evidenced by analyses of gust front position and comparison of simulated Vr with observations. Assimilating CASA data decreased RMS innovation of the resulting ensemble mean analyses of Z, particularly in early assimilation cycles, suggesting that the addition of CASA data allowed the EnKF system to more quickly achieve a good result. Use of multiple microphysics schemes in the forecast ensemble was found to alleviate underdispersion by increasing the ensemble spread. This work is the first assimilating real CASA data into an NWP model using EnKF.
Multiscale Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Kinematic Structure from Airborne Doppler Radar Composites
Authors: Rogers Robert , Lorsolo Sylvie , Reasor Paul , Gamache John , Marks Frank
Published: June 2011

The multiscale inner-core structure of mature tropical cyclones is presented via the use of composites of airborne Doppler radar analyses. The structure of the axisymmetric vortex and the convective and turbulent-scale properties within this axisymmetric framework are shown to be consistent with many previous studies focusing on individual cases or using different airborne data sources. On the vortex scale, these structures include the primary and secondary circulations, eyewall slope, decay of the tangential wind with height, low-level inflow layer and region of enhanced outflow, radial variation of convective and stratiform reflectivity, eyewall vorticity and divergence fields, and rainband signatures in the radial wind, vertical velocity, vorticity, and divergence composite mean and variance fields. Statistics of convective-scale fields and how they vary as a function of proximity to the radius of maximum wind show that the inner eyewall edge is associated with stronger updrafts and higher reflectivity and vorticity in the mean and have broader distributions for these fields compared with the outer radii. In addition, the reflectivity shows a clear characteristic of stratiform precipitation in the outer radii and the vorticity distribution is much more positively skewed along the inner eyewall than it is in the outer radii. Composites of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) show large values along the inner eyewall, in the hurricane boundary layer, and in a secondary region located at about 2–3 times the radius of maximum wind. This secondary peak in TKE is also consistent with a peak in divergence and in the variability of vorticity, and they suggest the presence of rainbands at this radial band.
Climate Change and Cultural Survival in the Arctic: People of the Whales and Muktuk Politics
Authors: Sakakibara Chie
Published: June 2011

This article explores the interface of climate change and society in a circumpolar context, particularly experienced among the Iñupiaq people (Iñupiat) of Arctic Alaska. The Iñupiat call themselves the “People of the Whales,” and their physical and spiritual survival is based on their cultural relationship with bowhead whales. Historically the broader indigenous identity, spawned through their activism, has served to connect disparate communities and helped revitalize cultural traditions. Indigenous Arctic organizations such as the Inuit Circumpolar Conference (ICC) and the Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission (AEWC) are currently building upon a strong success record of their past to confront the environmental problems of their future. Employing what the author calls muktuk politics—a culturally salient reference to the bowhead whale skin and the underlying blubber—the Iñupiaq have revitalized their cultural identity by participating in international debates on climate change, whaling, and human rights.

Currently, the ICC and the AEWC identify Arctic climate change and its impact on human rights as their most important topics. The Iñupiat relationship with the land, ocean, and animals are affected by a number of elements including severe weather, climate and environmental changes, and globalization. To the Iñupiat, their current problems are different than those of the past, but they also understand that as long as there are bowhead whales they can subsist and thrive, and this is their goal. This new form of muktuk politics seeks to bring their current challenges to a wider audience by relying on more recent political experiences.
“A Secular Age” in a Mission Perspective: A Review Article
Authors: Kirk J. Andrew
Published: June 2011

This is a review of an extraordinary tome by Charles Taylor, A secular Age. The book contains about 800 pages of intricate analysis and debate.1 This review attempts to summarise the author’s discussion of secularism under a few key headings and then offers a brief discussion of the material in each case. In the final section, it offers some personal reflections on the missiological implications of his main themes.
Raising the ‘table stakes’? Ethnic minority businesses and supply chain relationships
Authors: Ram Monder , Woldesenbet Kassa , Jones Trevor
Published: June 2011

This article examines the experiences of small ethnic minority-owned businesses (EMBs) engaged in supply chain relationships with large purchasing organizations (LPOs). Working with the complementary frameworks of Edwards et al. (2006) and Kloosterman et al. (1999), we assess the effects on the internal dynamics of EMB firms of a move into the LPO supply chain. Drawing on case study evidence from three sectors – business services, information and communication technology (ICT) and food manufacture - we focus on the experiences of workers, who have been neglected in extant debates. We find that move to supply LPOs is extremely challenging for EMBs. Although workers express satisfaction with working relationships, the power of LPOs contributes to a tightening of control over practices like recruitment, work organization and work hours.
A New Method for Achieving Flexibility in Hierarchical Multilevel System Design
Authors: Xiaoling Zhang  , Huang Hong-Zhong , Zhonglai Wang  , Yu Liu  , Xu Huan-Wei
Published: June 2011

Analytical target cascading (ATC) method has been widely applied to solve multilevel decomposed system design optimization problems. In the ATC method, concurrent design is achieved by target cascading. However, due to the complexity and the presence of uncertainty, it is a challenging task to set proper targets. In this article, instead of using point value targets, interval targets are analyzed and propagated through the multilevel system with the goal of reducing the effects of uncertainty while providing more flexibility to a design process. In the proposed method, the design of a hierarchical system at each level is taken as a single-objective optimization problem, by minimizing the degree of deviation between the target response interval and the achievable response interval. Not only the optimal design performance is considered in this method, but also the acceptable variation range of the performance is analyzed. When the present target for a lower level system and the achievable response from a lower level system are not point values, but rather intervals, their probability distributions are not available. Therefore, these variables are treated as interval variables. When the random and interval variables are present, the most probable point-based first-order reliability and the interval analysis methods are used to calculate the reliability bounds. The proposed method for flexibility under uncertainty provides more degree of freedom to the design of lower level systems, while also keeping the performance of the upper systems stable within a tolerable range. The accuracy of the proposed method is demonstrated via comparing results from both the proposed and traditional methods.
Forming sexualities as judicial virtues
Authors: Moran Leslie J
Published: June 2011

This article explores the formation of sexuality in the institution of the judiciary. Its object of study is an archive made up of the texts of swearing in ceremonies of newly appointed judges of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, Australia. The texts, records of public events, demonstrate a remarkable consistency of general content and tone. They take the form of what might best be described as life writing (biography and autobiography). They have a strong hagiographic quality. Dedicated to writing the life of the newly appointed judge, they are a particular form of life writing devoted to the portrayal of state officials. As such they have a double function formulating and fashioning the subject not only as an exemplary individual life but also as a subject that embodies the virtues of the judicial institution. Each swearing-in document offers a textual portrait that makes and makes public the values and virtues of the institution of the judge. An important context for this study is an earlier empirical research project on sexual diversity in the judiciary. Key informants in that research advised me that sexuality was unlike the other strands of diversity. It was described as a personal and a private matter: strictly extra judicial. The primary objective of this essay is to explore how, if at all, sexuality is made in these public judicial ceremonies and texts, and more specifically, how the subject’s sexuality is figured as an institutional ideal, as a judicial virtue. In undertaking this task the analysis will also examine some aspects of the role of gender in the formation of the judicial subject as a sexual subject.
Joining of dissimilar metals: Issues and modelling techniques
Authors: Phanikumar G , Chattopadhyay K , Dutta P
Published: June 2011

Joining of dissimilar metals involves a number of scientific issues, the modelling of which offers unique challenges. This review discusses the complexities in different joining processes and dissimilar combinations, and the corresponding computational techniques that have the potential to address the same. Future directions in modelling at both macroscopic and microscopic scales are also suggested.
Friction stir welding of precipitation strengthened aluminium alloys: Scope and challenges
Authors: De P S , Mishra R S
Published: June 2011

High strength aluminium alloys are very attractive for high structural efficiency in aerospace structures. However, the full potential of these alloys is not realised because of lower joint efficiencies. Most of the high strength aluminium alloys use precipitation strengthening as the primary strengthening mechanism. Heat flux during friction stir welding of precipitation strengthened aluminium alloys correlates with the joint efficiency. The best joint efficiency results are observed in a narrow intermediate heat flux region. The origin of this is discussed in terms of precipitate dissolution, reprecipitation and coarsening. Low intensity post-weld plastic deformation and design of dispersion containing aluminium alloys are suggested as approaches to enhance joint efficiency in friction stir welded structures.
Lenalidomide maintenance after nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma is not feasible: results of the HOVON 76 Trial
Authors: Kneppers Evelien , van der Holt Bronno , Kersten Marie-Jose , Zweegman Sonja , Meijer Ellen , Huls Gerwin , Cornelissen Jan J. , Janssen Jeroen J. , Huisman Cynthia , Cornelisse Petra B. , Bruijnen Cheryl P. , Emmelot Maarten , Sonneveld Pieter , Lokhorst Henk M. , Mutis Tuna , Minnema Monique C.
Published: June 2011

To improve the outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) in multiple myeloma as part of first-line treatment, we prospectively investigated the feasibility and efficacy of lenalidomide maintenance. Patients started maintenance 1 to 6 months after nonmyeloablative allo-SCT. Lenalidomide was dosed 10 mg on days 1 to 21 of a 28-day schedule for a total of 24 cycles. Peripheral blood samples were taken to evaluate immune modulating effects. Thirty-five eligible patients were enrolled, and 30 started with lenalidomide. After 2 cycles, 14 patients (47%) had to stop treatment, mainly because of the development of acute graft versus host disease (GVHD). In total, 13 patients (43%) stopped treatment because of development of GVHD, 5 patients (17%) because of other adverse events, and 5 patients (17%) because of progression. Responses improved in 37% of patients, and the estimated 1-year progression-free survival from start of maintenance was 69% (90% confidence interval, 53%-81%). Lenalidomide increased the frequency of human leukocyte antigen-DR+ T cells and regulatory T cells, without correlation with clinical parameters. In conclusion, lenalidomide maintenance 10 mg daily after nonmyeloablative allo-SCT with unmanipulated graft in multiple myeloma patients is not feasible, mainly because of the induction of acute GVHD. This trial was registered at www.trialregister.nl as #NTR1645.
“DO YOU SOUND ASIAN WHEN YOU SPEAK English?” RACIAL IDENTIFICATION AND VOICE IN CHINESE AND KOREAN Americans' ENGLISH
Authors: Newman Michael , Wu Angela
Published: June 2011

In paired dialect identification tasks, differing only by speakers' sex, New Yorkers were asked to identify the race and national heritage of other New Yorkers. Each task included eight speakers: two Chinese Americans, two Korean Americans, two European Americans, a Latino, and an African American. Listeners were successful at above chance rates at identifying speakers' races, but not at differentiating the Chinese from Koreans. Acoustic analyses identified breathier voice as a factor separating the Asian Americans most frequently identified from the non-Asians and Asians least successfully identified. Also, the Chinese and Latino men's speech appeared more syllable timed than the others' speech. Finally, longer voice onset times for voiceless stops and lower /ε/s and /r/s were also to be implicated in making a speaker “sound Asian.” These results support extending the study of the robust U.S. tendency for linguistic differentiation by race to Asian Americans, although this differentiation does not rise to the level of a systematic racial dialect. Instead, it is suggested that it be characterized as an ethnolinguistic repertoire along the lines suggested by Sarah Bunin Benor.
Chemistry of Anthracene–Acetylene Oligomers. XVIII. Construction and Structures of Belt-Shaped Macrocyclic Oligomers with Anthracene Units and Acetylene Linkers and Resolution of Chiral Derivatives
Authors: Ishikawa Takeharu , Iwanaga Tetsuo , Toyota Shinji , Yamasaki Mikio
Published: June 2011

Acyclic anthracene–acetylene trimers consisting of two 1,8-anthrylene units and one 1,5- or 1,8-anthrylene unit were cyclized by Eglinton coupling to form the corresponding cyclic trimer, hexamer, and higher oligomers. The molecular structures of these oligomers were investigated by X-ray analysis and DFT calculations at the M05/3-21G level. The trimers have rigid macrocyclic frameworks and the hexamer and higher oligomers prefer to take flat or folded structures due to transannular π···π interactions between the anthracene units. Cyclic hexamers and higher oligomers feature chiral structures that are likened to figure-eight or directional belts. The enantiomers of some chiral cyclic oligomers were resolved by chiral HPLC. The dynamic behavior of the macrocyclic frameworks and each anthrylene unit was observed by variable-temperature 1H NMR measurements. The electronic spectra of these cyclic oligomers are discussed in terms of ring size and the combination of anthrylene units.
Hydroxy-Functionalized Porphycenes: Structure, Spectroscopy, and Electrochemistry
Authors: Okawara Toru , Abe Masaaki , Shimakoshi Hisashi , Hisaeda Yoshio
Published: June 2011

A series of porphycenes bearing acetoxy and hydroxy groups at the meso-positions have been prepared and fully characterized: H2TPrPc-OH, [Ni(TPrPc-OH)], H2TPrPc-OAc, and [Ni(TPrPc-OAc)], where TPrPc-OH: 9-hydroxy-2,7,12,17-tetrapropylporphycenato dianion and TPrPc-OAc: 9-acetoxy-2,7,12,17-tetrapropylporphycenato dianion. H2TPrPc-OH is structurally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, showing the enol-form in the solid state. The introduction of the electron-donating hydroxy group to the meso-position decreases the HOMO–LUMO gap by ca. 0.2 eV relative to the unsubstituted parent porphycene due to the remarkable destabilization of the HOMO level. This is experimentally confirmed by red shift of the Q band in the UV–vis spectra (in CH2Cl2), negative shift of the E1/2 (in 0.1 M n-Bu4NPF6–THF), and also supported by DFT calculations. In aqueous THF, an irreversible oxidation of H2TPrPc-OH and [Ni(TPrPc-OH)] appears to be pH-dependent, with a negative Epa shift upon increasing the solution pH (in the region from 3.0 to 10.5) with slopes of −62 and −63 mV per pH unit for H2TPrPc-OH and [Ni(TPrPc-OH)], respectively, indicating the occurrence of {1H+/1e} proton-coupled electron transfer.
Convivendo com transtorno mental: perspectiva de familiares sobre atenção básica
Authors: Estevam Michelle Caroline , Marcon Sonia Silva , Antonio Maria Marlene , Munari Denize Bouttelet , Waidman Maria Angélica Pagliarini
Published: June 2011

Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo cujo objetivo foi identificar o atendimento que é oferecido aos familiares de portadores de transtornos mentais nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBSs) e compreender o cotidiano da família do portador de transtorno mental. Os dados foram coletados no período de maio a junho de 2007, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação de cinco famílias nos respectivos domicílios. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática que gerou duas categorias: 1) o transtorno mental na perspectiva da família e a relação com serviço de saúde; 2) convivendo com a doença mental. Os resultados corroboram a importância de, em casos de transtorno mental, ter a família como cliente do processo de cuidado, e a necessidade do preparo dos profissionais para suprir as necessidades das pessoas que freqüentam estes serviços.
O cuidado em saúde mental na atualidade
Authors: Cardoso Lucilene , Galera Sueli Aparecida Frari
Published: June 2011

O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar as características sócio-demográficas dos cuidadores de pessoas que tiveram alta hospitalar de internação psiquiátrica. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo exploratório em um serviço ambulatorial de saúde mental. A amostra foi composta por pacientes egressos de internação e seus cuidadores. Foi utilizado um questionário e a pesquisa foi aprovada pelo CEP. De 48 pacientes egressos 21 possuíam um cuidador. Todos os cuidadores identificados eram familiares dos pacientes e a idade média foi de 46,6 anos. As mães eram as principais cuidadoras em 38% dos casos. Casados ou amasiados representaram 61,9% dos cuidadores e apenas um cuidador não tinha filhos. A principal fonte de renda foi trabalho eventual para 28,6%. Conhecer quem são os cuidadores dos pacientes egressos de internação psiquiátrica, hoje, possibilita identificar características que podem fomentar a determinação do melhor tratamento e suporte profissional ao cuidado dessa clientela.
Caracterização dos sintomas físicos de estresse na equipe de pronto atendimento
Authors: Farias Sílvia Maria de Carvalho , Teixeira Olga Lúcia de Carvalho , Moreira Walter , Oliveira Márcia Aparecida Ferreira de , Pereira Maria Odete
Published: June 2011

O profissional de enfermagem que atua no Pronto Atendimento sofre sintomas físicos de estresse em sua atividade diária. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar esses sintomas com utilização do instrumento semiestruturado Occupational Stress Indicator. Para tanto, os autores elaboraram perguntas abertas, aplicadas em entrevistas gravadas e analisadas. Os sintomas físicos listados pelos pesquisadores foram: cefaléia, sensação de fadiga, dores nas pernas e taquicardia. Segundo relatos dos colaboradores, as dores sempre resultavam de estresse emocional ou surgiam após atendimentos emergenciais, o que leva a crer que existe uma grande dificuldade desses colaboradores em separar o estresse físico do psíquico. A investigação determinou a necessidade de medidas para acompanhamento dos funcionários na sua atividade laboral. Elaborou-se uma cartilha com sugestões básicas para a melhoria da qualidade de vida da equipe de saúde.
Diabetes mellitus tipo 1: evidências da literatura para seu manejo adequado, na perspectiva de crianças
Authors: Nascimento Lucila Castanheira , Amaral Mariana Junco , Sparapani Valéria de Cássia , Fonseca Luciana Mara Monti , Nunes Michelle Darezzo Rodrigues , Dupas Giselle
Published: June 2011

O estudo objetivou identificar as evidências disponíveis, na literatura, que abordem, na perspectiva de crianças, os fatores relevantes para o adequado manejo do diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa, nas bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, CUIDEN e PsycINFO, com as palavras-chave diabetes mellitus tipo 1, criança, prevenção e controle, fatores desencadeantes, emergências, autocuidado, aprendizagem e educação em saúde, no período de 1998 a 2008. Dos artigos levantados, selecionaram-se 19, e sua análise permitiu a identificação das categorias: vivendo com o diabetes; autocuidado e perfil glicêmico; atuação da família, amigos e profissionais de saúde; e escola. As evidências apontam que a criança aprecia o apoio recebido por seus familiares os quais têm relação direta com o preparo para o autocuidado. Outros membros externos à sua rede também são valorizados. A escola é um espaço que merece atenção, bem como a experiência particular de cada criança e a educação em saúde.
Concentração e época de aplicação de aminoetoxivinilglicine (AVG) na maturação de macieiras 'Fuji Suprema'
Authors: Petri José Luiz , Hawerroth Fernando José , Leite Gabriel Berenhauser , Couto Marcelo
Published: June 2011

O efeito de aminoetoxivinilglicine (AVG), comercialmente disponível com o nome de Retain®, foi avaliado em macieiras da cultivar Fuji Suprema durante quatro ciclos agrícolas. Foram estudadas a época de aplicação e a concentração em uma ou em múltiplas aplicações, visando a avaliar o efeito no retardamento da maturação dos frutos, queda pré-colheita dos frutos, produção de frutos, massa média de frutos, resistência da polpa, conteúdo de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, índice de iodo-amido, cor da epiderme dos frutos, incidência de pingo-de-mel, incidência de rachadura peduncular e danos de sol. O AVG foi aplicado uma, duas, quatro semanas antes do ponto de colheita e no ponto de colheita, em concentrações variando de 60 a 120 g ha-1. Todos os tratamentos retardaram a maturação dos frutos, sendo que aplicados duas e uma semana antes do ponto de colheita concentraram a mesma na última data de colheita. O atraso da maturação foi acompanhado da manutenção da resistência da polpa e degradação do amido. A massa média dos frutos aumentou significativamente em comparação ao tratamento-testemunha. O desenvolvimento da coloração vermelha dos frutos foi retardado proporcionalmente ao atraso da maturação. As aplicações de AVG com diferentes concentrações e épocas de aplicação em uma ou duas vezes não diferiram entre si quanto à queda de frutos em pré-colheita na cultivar Fuji, contudo todos os tratamentos com AVG foram significativamente inferiores ao tratamento-testemunha.
Soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization under different tillage systems and Permanent Groundcover cultivation between Orange trees
Authors: Balota Elcio Liborio , Auler Pedro Antonio Martins
Published: June 2011

The objective of this work was to evaluate the alterations in carbon and nitrogen mineralization due to different soil tillage systems and groundcover species for intercropped orange trees. The experiment was established in an Ultisol soil (Typic Paleudults) originated from Caiuá sandstone in northwestern of the state of Paraná, Brazil, in an area previously cultivated with pasture (Brachiaria humidicola). Two soil tillage systems were evaluated: conventional tillage (CT) in the entire area and strip tillage (ST) with a 2-m width, each with different groundcover vegetation management systems. The citrus cultivar utilized was the 'Pera' orange (Citrus sinensis) grafted onto a 'Rangpur' lime rootstock. The soil samples were collected at a 0-15-cm depth after five years of experiment development. Samples were collected from under the tree canopy and from the inter-row space after the following treatments: (1) CT and annual cover crop with the leguminous Calopogonium mucunoides; (2) CT and perennial cover crop with the leguminous peanut Arachis pintoi; (3) CT and evergreen cover crop with Bahiagrass Paspalum notatum; (4) CT and cover crop with spontaneous B. humidicola grass vegetation; and (5) ST and maintenance of the remaining grass (pasture) of B. humidicola. The soil tillage systems and different groundcover vegetation influenced the C and N mineralization, both under the tree canopy and in the inter-row space. The cultivation of B. humidicola under strip tillage provided higher potential mineralization than the other treatments in the inter-row space. Strip tillage increased the C and N mineralization compared to conventional tillage. The grass cultivation increased the C and N mineralization when compared to the others treatments cultivated in the inter-row space.
Tumor de Warthin da glândula parótida: estudo de 70 casos
Authors: Chedid Helma Maria , Rapoport Abrão , Aikawa Kiyoshi Fernandes , Menezes Aglailton dos Santos , Curioni Otávio Alberto
Published: June 2011

OBJETIVO: Relatar as características clínicas, tratamento e complicações.dos tumores de Warthin. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com 70 pacientes submetidos à ressecção de cistoadenoma papilífero linfomatoso,. Variáveis analisadas: idade, sexo, etnia, presença ou não de tabagismo, sítio primário do tumor, tamanho do tumor em centímetros, presença de bilateralidade, tipo de operação, multicentricidade, complicações do tratamento, presença de recidiva no seguimento e tempo de seguimento.. RESULTADOS: Quarenta e quatro pacientes (62,8%) eram do sexo masculino e 26 (37,2%), do sexo feminino, com média etária de 56,7 anos, O tabagismo estava presente em 55 (78,6%) pacientes, (94,3%) dos tumores eram unilaterais e quatro (5,7%) bilaterais, com tamanho médio de 4,1cm ao exame físico. As complicações foram 14 (19%) casos de paresia e/ou paralisia facial, seroma em 10 (13,8%), síndrome de Frey em três (4%), hematoma em dois (2,7%) e infecção de ferida operatória em um (1,5%) caso. CONCLUSÃO: O tumor de Warthin tem maior incidência no sexo masculino, em tabagistas e localização unilateral predominante na glândula parótida. A parotidectomia superficial com preservação do nervo facial mostrou-se eficaz em 100% casos. As complicações encontradas foram paresias ou paralisias transitórias, seroma, síndrome de Frey, hematoma e infecção de ferida operatória.
Lesão iatrogênica de via biliar pós-colecistectomia
Authors: Linhares Bruno Lima , Magalhães Aline da Graça , Cardoso Paula Mariana Soares , Linhares Filho Jaime Paula Pessoa , Pinho José Eudes Bastos , Costa Marcelo Leite Vieira
Published: June 2011

OBJETIVO: Descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e cirúrgicos dos pacientes com lesão iatrogênica das vias biliares (LIVB) atendidos no Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (HGF) durante o período de 2005 a 2009. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo dos prontuários dos pacientes internados no HGF diagnóstico de LIVB, obtendo-se as seguintes variáveis: sexo, idade, procedência, condições da colecistectomia, tipo de operação, sintomatologia, exames realizados, achados cirúrgicos, classificação da lesão, tratamento, complicações, tempo total de internamento e condições de alta. RESULTADOS: Foram confirmados 27 casos de LIVB. Duas lesões ocorreram durante a colecistectomia videolaparoscópica. Apenas um paciente foi diagnosticado no intra-operatório.. O sinal mais freqüente foi a icterícia pós-colecistectomia. A hepático-jejunostomia em "Y" de Roux foi a técnica cirúrgica mais empregada (85,2%). A maioria dos pacientes recebeu alta hospitalar em boas condições clínicas (88,8%); no entanto, constatou-se, a elevada morbidade desta patologia, exemplificada pelos múltiplos internamentos e longa permanência hospitalar (média de 31 dias). CONCLUSÃO: A maioria das lesões ocorreu durante a colecistectomia por laparotomia, a icterícia foi o sinal mais freqüente quando da internação Verificou-se uma elevada permanência hospitalar .causada pelas complicações pós-operatórias o que poderia ser explicado pelo diagnóstico tardio ocasionando um grande retardo no tratamento neste pacientes.