bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Education, TNI-Polri Retirees and Independent Commissioners and Human Resources Development on Profitability
Authors: Novarialdi Novarialdi
Published: February 2022

Abstract     This study aims to examine the effect of the educational background of the director of operations and the board of commissioners, the presence of retired TNI-Polri as commissioners, the proportion of independent commissioners and the cost of developing human resource competencies on on the financial performance of SOEs. Financial performance is proxied by Return on Assets (RoA), educational background is proxied by education according to the company's line of business, retired TNI-Polri as commissioners are proxied by the presence or absence of commissioners who are retired TNI-Polri . Independent commissioners are proxied by the number of independent commissioners to the number of commissioners, while competency development is projected by the realization of costs for development and training.The research sample consisted of 15 State-Owned Enterprises listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2016 to 2019, so that 60 samples were obtained. The analytical method used to test the hypothesis in this study is the multiple regression analysis method of panel data. The results of this study indicate that the educational background variable has a negative effect on profitability, commissioners who come from retired TNI-Polri have no effect on profitability, the proportion of independent commissioners has a positive effect on profitability and the cost of developing human resource competencies has a positive effect on profitability.
Analisis Scanline Struktur Geologi Daerah Nglanggran, Kecamatan Patuk, Kabupaten Gunung Kidul
Authors: Adhitama Ramadhan , Asseggaf Abdurrachman , AL Jassy Yudhistira , Setiaji Lilo Bayu
Published: February 2022

Geologi struktur adalah bagian dari ilmu geologi yang mempelajari tentang bentuk (arsitektur) batuan sebagai hasil proses deformasi. Deformasi batuan adalah perubahan bentuk dan ukuran pada batuan sebagai akibat adanya gaya yang bekerja di dalam bumi. Daerah Nglanggran merupakan daerah wisata khususnya geowisata, berdasarkan pemetaan geologi dan metode scanline dalam daerah penelitian dijumpai struktur geologi yang memiliki arah gaya timurlaut-baratdaya (dominan). Struktur geologi yang ada berdampak besar pada pembentukan morfologi daerah Nglanggran ini, dan hasil akhir penelitian ini berupa peta geologi daerah Nglanggran, dan dijumpai struktur geologi yaitu; sesar geser sinistral Ngoro-Oro 1, sesar geser sinistral Ngoro-Oro 2, sesar geser sinistral Terbah, sesar geser sinistral Nglanggran, sesar geser sinistral Putat. Penentuan jenis-jenis struktur geologi tersebut didapatkan menggunakan klasifikasi Rickard (1972).
PERENCANAAN LOKASI PONDASI BENDUNGAN PADA BENDUNGAN CIPANAS, KABUPATEN SUMEDANG, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Meirawaty Mira , Ronoatmojo Imam Setiaji , Pramudito Harry , Rahmadio Kefi
Published: February 2022

Penelitian dilakukan di Bendungan Cipanas, Kabupaten Sumedang, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Topik utama yang dibahas dalam makalah ini adalah perencanaan desain untuk pembangunan DAM, yang berkaitan dengan beberapa aspek stratigrafi, litologi, struktur geologi, dan rekayasa (sifat fisik dan mekanik batuan). Aspek stratigrafi kawasan bendungan ini meliputi beberapa formasi seperti Formasi Subang, Formasi Kaliwangu, Formasi Citalang, Tuf, dan Aluvial. Aspek Litologi Bendungan Cipanas terdiri dari beberapa litologi, dari tua ke muda adalah Satuan Batulempung Serpih (Tmbl) berumur Miosen Akhir, Satuan Batupasir Molluscan (Tpbpm) Pliosen Awal, Satuan Konglomerat (Tpk), Satuan Batupasir Kasar (Tpbk) . ), Satuan Batulempung Abu-abu Tua-Biru-Hijau (Tpbl) dimana ketiganya di atas berasal dari Pliosen Akhir – Pleistosen Awal, Satuan Tuf (Kt) dan Satuan Aluvium (Ka) adalah Holosen. Analisis stereonet yang berasal dari kelurusan dan pengamatan lapangan menunjukkan bahwa beberapa struktur geologi yang terbentuk di kawasan Bendungan As, yaitu Antiklin Selatan, Antiklin Timur, dan Sinklin Timur, serta Sesar Selatan dan Sesar Naik Utara. Pengambilan sampel litologi seperti batupasir, batulempung, dan konglomerat telah dilakukan untuk menentukan luasan yang sesuai untuk pembangunan pondasi pada Bendungan As Cipanas.
ANALISIS HIDROGEOLOGI AIRTANAH DANGKAL DALAM MENENTUKAN INTRUSI AIR LAUT DAERAH SUNTER DAN SEKITARNYA, JAKARTA UTARA
Authors: Amri Muhammad Adimas
Published: February 2022

Penelitian analisis hidrogeologi airtanah dangkal dalam menentukan intrusi air laut Daerah Sunter, Jakarta Utara, meliputi Daerah Sunter di utara berbatasan dengan daerah pelabuhan dan kawasan wisata Ancol. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pengukuran dan analisis aliran muka airtanah, korelasi litologi, analisis sifat fisik dan kimiawi airtanah. Sebaran airtanah nya berupa kontur tertutup dan arah alirannya menyebar ke segala arah. Dari hasil analisis litologi bawah permukaan daerah penelitian menggunakan 9 titik inti bor, Jenis akuifer airtanah daerah penelitian berupa confined aquifer. Penelitian EC di lokasi pengamatan didapati air agak payau berada pada lokasi SG4 dan SG7. Perhitungan rasio perbandingan Klorida – Bikarbonat menunjukkan bahwa SG4 terindikasi penyusupan air laut sedang. Perhitungan rasio NaCl didapati bahwa SG4, SG6, dan SG8 terindikasi kontaminasi air laut. Penelitian TDS didapati hasil pengukuran berkisar antara 210-890 mg/l dapat disimpulkan bahwa semua kondisi air pada lokasi penelitian berada <1000 mg/l, menunjukkan semua lokasi pengamatan memiliki kondisi air yang sama yaitu air tawar. Dari semua data penelitian didapati anomali yang tedapat pada lokasi pengamatan SG4 yang terintrusi sedang. Jika dilihat dari kondisi geologi daerah penelitian, kondisi lokasi pengamatan SG4 bukan berasal dari intrusi air laut, namun berasal dari connate water yang berasal dari endapan pematang pantai.
The Decline of Natural Law and the Rise of Exclusive Positivism
Authors: Watson Bill
Published: February 2022

Stuart Banner’s The Decline of Natural Law: How American Lawyers Once Used Natural Law and Why They Stopped addresses a “fundamental change in American legal thought that took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.” Prior to this change, lawyers routinely relied on natural law in their arguments, and judges took those arguments seriously. Natural law gave judges “a reservoir of principles. . .to draw upon” in cases that positive law could not cleanly resolve, which made it easy to see judges as discovering law in those cases. After the change, however, natural law dropped out of the lawyer’s toolkit. Judges continued to rely on moral reasoning to decide hard cases, but they were now thought to be making law.
Banner’s goal, as his subtitle indicates, is to explain how American lawyers once used natural law and why they stopped. The book is clearly written and a pleasure to read: Banner deftly weaves quotations from a wide variety of sources with analysis of what those sources reveal about the trajectory of natural law in the American legal system. He argues, among other things, that an explosion in the number of reported cases available to lawyers in the nineteenth century precipitated the decline of natural law. As more and more cases became available, lawyers came to rely on those cases instead of natural law and, indeed, came to view the cases themselves as sources of law rather than as evidence of what the law already was.
Part I summarizes the pertinent parts of Banner’s book. Part II overviews two debates in general jurisprudence: a substantive debate between positivists and antipositivists over the relationship between law and morality and a methodological debate over how to go about resolving the first debate. Part III argues that Banner’s account of the decline of natural law helps explain an apparent shift in American lawyers’ concept of law toward an exclusive-positivist concept. I also show how acknowledging this conceptual shift gives exclusive positivists new resources for responding to common objections to their theory. Lastly, Part IV turns to the implications that Banner’s account has for the methodological debate.
The Relation of Brinkman Index and Body Mass Index with Spirometry Result of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Outpatients in the Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine Department of Zainoel Abidin General Hospital
Authors: Muzlifa Raina , Mulyadi Mulyadi , Husnah Husnah
Published: February 2022

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the major health problems worldwide. Smoking is the main risk factor of the COPD development. Not only COPD has clinical manifestations in the lungs, it also manifest outside lungs called systemic effects.One of systemic effects found in COPD patients is weight loss leading to declining lung function. This study aims to determine the relation of Brinkman Index and Body Mass Index (BMI) with spirometry result of COPD outpatients in RSUDZA.

Methods: The study was held in lung outpatients department in RSUDZA Banda Aceh on December 5th until 28th with cross sectional design The sampling method is nonprobability sampling with accidental sampling technique. Respondents consisted of 30 patients who had agreed to informed consent given. Medical record used to obtain Brinkman index, BMI, and spirometry result of the patients.

Results: The results of analysis shows majority of respondents are male (83,3%), dominated by 56-65 years age range (40,0%) and had moderate Brinkman Index (46,7%). The majority of respondents (53,3%) had an abnormal BMI (severe underweight (13,3%), underweight (6,7%), overweight (23,3%), and obese (10,0%)) and severe spirometry result (53,3%). The data was analyzed by the Spearman Correlation. With the Spearman Correlation, there was no association between Brinkman Index and spirometry result with p value 0,412 (p value >0,05). Meanwhile, there was an association between the BMI and spirometry result with p value 0,006 (p < 0,05). The strength of the correlation is moderate (rs =-0,488).

Conclusion: The lower the BMI, the more severe the spirometry result.
Promoção da saúde de familiares cuidadores de praticantes de equoterapia: um relato de experiência
Authors: Reginaldo Marjana Pivoto , Rodrigues Sandra Ost , Moreschi Claudete , Silva Lenise Dutra da , Machado Liane Bahú
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Desenvolver ações de promoção da saúde com os familiares cuidadores de crianças com necessidades especiais que frequentam a Equoterapia. Relato de experiência: Acerca de uma Prática Assistencial realizada durante o mês de setembro e outubro de 2021 em um Centro de Equitação Cristal localizado de um município de pequeno porte da região centro-oeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Os encontros foram realizados semanalmente de acordo com a disponibilidade e aceitação por parte da equipe e dos participantes, participaram da prática 10 familiares cuidadores. Os encontros foram divididos em cinco momentos, sendo realizados nas segundas-feiras durante o turno da manhã e tarde com duração de aproximadamente 60 minutos. Considerações finais: Foi possível perceber a importância do enfermeiro na promoção da saúde, no acolhimento, na formação de vínculo e de uma assistência continuada com os familiares dos praticantes de Equoterapia em função das demandas que eles enfrentam no dia a dia. Pode-se perceber o quanto é necessário ter um olhar integral e atento as famílias dos praticantes de Equoterapia e comprovou-se unanimamente, o quanto os mesmos se sentiram acolhidos, cuidados e principalmente valorizados pelos profissionais durante esta prática assistencial.
Qualidade de vida e espiritualidade dos cuidadores informais de pacientes oncológicos: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Oliveira Andressa Carlos De , Pilon Julyana Krüger , Santos Quésia Silva Dos , Pereira Danilo Anderson , Rocha Andreza Carcará , Luz Gabriela Alves , Monteiro Ives do Nascimento , Vale Eise Souza do , Teixeira Ana Clara Santos , Amorim Ítalo Filipe Cardoso
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Analisar as condições que interferem na qualidade de vida dos cuidadores de pacientes oncológicos e a influência da espiritualidade nesse contexto. Revisão bibliográfica: Ao desempenhar o cuidado, o indivíduo se disponibiliza a atuar além da demanda física do paciente, de maneira a acolher e entender as particularidades, limitações e necessidades do outro, fornecendo inclusive, carinho, atenção e empatia. A sobrecarga de cada cuidador pode variar, de acordo com o estágio da doença ou com os aspectos ligados ao estado do paciente. As práticas diárias espirituais, auxiliam os cuidadores a enfrentar e aceitar a doença do familiar doente, além de permitir também uma postura mais positiva por parte do doente, ajudando na regulação de emoções negativas. A manutenção da saúde do cuidador informal é essencial para a prática saudável do ofício. Quando ocorre o reconhecimento dos fatores que levam a vulnerabilidades e proteção do cuidador informal principal do paciente com câncer, há a possibilidade de melhora da qualidade de vida do mesmo. Considerações finais: Ao ressaltar o cuidador como elemento que necessita de atenção, podemos prevenir o seu adoecimento e garantir a continuidade da realização dos cuidados ao familiar dependente.
معرفة الأسرار فى موضع أقدم القرآن من السور دراسة بديعية في المحسنات اللفظية والمعنوية في سورة العلق
Authors: المقيت عبد , الحليم عبد , سيف الدين أحمد
Published: February 2022

فمن المعلوم أن للقرآن أسرارا لا يعرفها إلا الراسخون. ومنها الأسرار اللغوية الأدبية التي تحدى الله تعالى منذ الزمان للمنكرين والمكذبين لآيات الله الصادقة على أن يؤتوا بمثله أو ببعضه أو بسورة أو بعشر سور. ونعرف أن مفتاح معرفة هذه الأسرار هي معرفة الأدب العربي ومنه معرفة محسناتها لفظيا أو معنويا لآيات اله المنزلة ومن أقدمها  نزولا هي سورة العلق. أما المنهج المستخدم في هذا البحث هو المنهج الوصفي، وهي البيانات التي تجمع من الكلمات لا من الأرقام إن مصادر البيانات في هذا البحث تتكون من مصادر الأولية هي القرأن الكريم سورة العلق ومصادر الثانوية هي الكتب التي تتعلق بهذا البحث. أما نتيجة البحث هي أن: (1) أنواع المحسنات اللفظية فى سورة العلق هى الجناس غير تام في موضعين، السجع في سبعة مواضع، الموزانة في موضع واحد، لزوم ما لا يلزم في موضعين، الترصيع في موضع واحد: (2) أنواع المحسنات المعنوية فى سورة العلق هى التورية في موضعين، الطباق في ثلاثة مواضع، ائتلاف اللفظ مع المعنى فى موضع واحد، تجاهل العارف فى موضع واحد.

الكلمة المفتاحية: سورة العلق، المحسنات، لفظية، معنوية.
MODIFIKASI DAN EVALUASI PERFORMA DARI MESIN PENYEMAI BENIH SAYUR, SEEDER
Authors: Candra Saputra Riwendra , Aldio Rieza Zulrian , Anwar Irwan , Hastuti Kurnia , Rahman Jhonni , Saragih Sehat Abdi
Published: February 2022

Potensi tanaman sayuran sangat terpenting di daerah-daerah saat ini. Terutama yang dilakukan di kota-kota yang luas dengan tanah yang luas. Permasalahan yang terjadi adalah penanaman benih sayuran dilahan yang luas, dan akan menimbukan tenaga besar, maka untuk itu di perlukan teknologi penyemai benih (seeder). Penyemaian benih sayuran yang dilakukan di Indonesia saat ini umumnya masih secara manual. Penyemaian manual dilakukan dengan meletakkan benih satu-persatu ke lubang tray semai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan mesin penyemai dengan performa yang lebih baik dan lebih memudahkan petani dan untuk dapat melakukan penyemaian. Penelitian ini mengunakan diagram alir dengan metode pengambilan data mengevaluasi performa dan penambahan alat pembuka alur. perencanaan alat pembuka alur di gambar dengan software auto cad dan alat pembuka alur terdiri dari sprocket, poros, pelindung poros, mata pisau pembuat alur. Alur yang di hasilkan memiliki kedalaman lebih kurang 20 cm dengan lebar 5 cm, alat pembuka alur ini akan di pasangkan dengan mesin penyemai benih yang telah di modifikas dengan mengilangkan sebuah poros yang meneruskan dari putaran pully ke poros roda, sehingga langsung dari poros pully ke poros roda. Mengevaluasi performa dan mendapatkan kecepatan rata sesudah dimodifikasi 3𝑚⁄𝑠 dari sebelumnya hanya 1,2 𝑚⁄𝑠, dan alat pembuka alur memiliki daya 0,14 hp, torsi 0,67 nm. Hasil yang didapatkan alat pembuka alur dapat memudahkan pekerjaan petani dan mengurangi kerugian akibat benih yang tercecer sewaktu penyemaian manual dan meningkatkan kecepatan produksi penyemaian benih yang di lakukan oleh mesin penyemai benih
Dyes in Diagnostics
Authors: Herrmann Rupert
Published: February 2022

Dyes and dye precursors are often essential components in reagents for medical diagnostics. The type and the attributes of suitable dyes depend on the basis of the technology used for the analysis of the diagnostic parameter to be determined. To avoid interferences by coloured or turbid
serum components, dyes which absorb at wavelengths > 550 nm are preferred. In this article, some diagnostic principles are discussed and examples of applications of dyes are given. Examples demonstrating the versatility of the phenoxazine dye resorufin in the preparation of suitable compounds
are also presented.
УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ХЛОПЧАТНИКА ПРИ РАЗНЫХ МЕТОДАХ БОРЬБЫ ПРОТИВ СОРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ
Authors: Тешабаев Ш.А. , Тураев Ж.И.
Published: February 2022

В проведенных исследованиях, при осенней вспаше с помощю двухярусного плуга с заделкой семян и стеблей сорных растений на глубину 28–30 см, а также применения гербицида Стомп 33% э.к. против однолетних сорных растений ранней весной вместе с посевом семян хлопчатника, количество сорных растений уменьшилось на 82,7%, урожай хлопка-сырца составил 34,2 ц/га, что на 4,0 ц/га больше по сравнению с контрольным вариантом.
MICROCLIMATES OF FOREST FITOCENOSES IN THE AREA OF BROAD-WOOD-DARK-CONIFEROUS FORESTS OF THE SOUTHERN URALS
Authors: Горичев Ю.П. , Давыдычев А.Н. , Юсупов И.Р. , Кулагин А.Ю.
Published: February 2022

Представлены результаты 4-летних микроклиматических наблюдений в лесных фитоценозах.

The results of 4-year microclimatic observations in forest phytocenosеs are presented.
Acute Pericardial Tamponade Associated with Myopericarditis due COVID-19 in a Pediatric Patient
Authors:   Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of San Antonio, Baylor College of Medicine, TX, USA, N Balakumar , J Lee ,   Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of San Antonio, TX, USA, E Appachi ,   Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of San Antonio, Baylor College of Medicine, TX, USA, H Singh ,   Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of San Antonio, TX, USA, V Bautista-Hernandez ,   Michael E. De Bakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine/Children’s Hospital of San Antonio, TX, USA
Published: February 2022

We report of a 4-year-old asthmatic female presenting with severe respiratory failure and multi-system inflammatory condition in the setting of acute COVID-19 infection. Despite mechanical ventilation and vasoactive support, she showed hemodynamic instability. Cardiomegaly was evident on chest X-ray and significantly depressed left ventricular function with a large pericardial effusion and signs of tamponade were seen on echocardiography. The effusion was successfully drained percutaneously and her clinical condition improved progressively. Our patient got extubated and discharged home, 4 and 8 days after initial presentation, respectively, with an echocardiogram depicting normal left ventricular function and no recurrent pericardial effusion. Acute cardiac tamponade after COVID-19 infection is rare in pediatric patients but can be life threatening. In our patient, high suspicion of myopericarditis and pericardial effusion led to early intervention and fast recovery on a critically ill patient.
Covid-19 Combined with Stress Cardiomyopathy: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors:   Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Hebei, China, S Ren , Y Li ,   Emergency Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei, China, G Hao ,   Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Hebei, China, L Long ,   Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Hebei, China, L Shen ,   Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Hebei, China, H Zhao ,   Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Hebei, China
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Severe COVID-19 can cause multiple organ dysfunction or failure, often associated with cardiac dysfunction, known as stress cardiomyopathy or apical spherical syndrome. Patient Concerns: Severe COVID-19 patients in Hebei province have 5 cases of stress cardiomyopathy. Two cases in Cangzhou are summarized from Feb 2020 to May 2020. Diagnosis: Based on the precipitating factor, pathophysiology, Mayo diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis of stress cardiomyopathy, the patients were diagnosed with stress cardiomyopathy, which is characterized by elevated biomarkers, hemodynamic instability, and cardiomyopathy. Interventions: Early and dynamic monitoring of ECG, myocardial enzymes, cardiac troponin and echocardiography are needed to predict and assess the risk of stress-induced cardiomyopathy. Noradrenaline and dobutamine were continued to be given, and neokine, levosimendan, Cediland and other drugs were given successively to strengthen the heart. Outcomes: After several days of supportive care, the patients’s cardiac output and the apical movement were gradually improved. Conclusion: Reversible stress cardiomyopathy may occur in the setting of COVID-19 infection with elevated cardiac biomarkers and an abnormal ECG and echocardiographic. We should pay more attention to the treatment of stress cardiomyopathy.
Merging Rh-catalyzed C-H Functionalization and Cascade Cyclization to Enable Propargylic Alcohols as Three-Carbon Synthons: Experimental and Computational Investigations
Authors: Nagtilak Prajyot , Mane Manoj , Prasad Supreeth , Cavallo Luigi , Tantillo Dean , Kapur Manmohan
Published: February 2022

Reported herein is an unprecedented reactivity of propargyl alcohols as “Three-Carbon Synthons” in a Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H functionalization of acetanilides, leading to the synthesis of core structures of isocryptolepine, gamma-carbolines, dihydrochromeno[2,3-b]indoles, and diindolylmethanes derivatives. The transformation involves a Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H functionalization and heteroannulation to yield indoles followed by a cascade cyclization with both external and internal nucleophiles to afford diverse products. The role of the hydroxy group, the key function of the silver additive, the origin of the unique reverse regioselectivity and the rate-determining step, are rationalized in conformity with the combination of experimental, noncovalent interaction analysis and DFT studies. This protocol is endowed with several salient features, including one-pot multistep cascade approach, exclusive regioselectivity, high bond-forming efficiency, and synthesis of a variety of molecular frameworks.
Intermolecular amination of allenes via twofold photocatalytic nitrene transfer reactions
Authors: Guo Yujing , Empel Claire , Pei Chao , Fang Hao , Jana Sripati , Koenigs Rene M.
Published: February 2022

The amination with monovalent, nitrogen-based intermediates constitutes an important reaction for the construction of valuable amines. The high basicity of reagents, reaction intermediates or products however poses significant challenges to metal-catalyzed amination through coordination and blocking of catalytically active sites and hampering their efficiency. In this context, high-yielding intermolecular amination reaction of allenes remain an unsolved challenge in organic synthesis and general methods are not available. Herein, we describe a photochemical approach towards the intermolecular amination of allenes via free nitrene radical anions as the key reactive intermediate. This reaction proceeds without the participation of catalyst-bound nitrogen species and can thus overcome current limitations. We report on the application in the amination of allenes to give azetidine and cyclopropyl amines with a broad and general substrate scope. Experimental and theoretical studies were performed to provide an understanding of the reaction mechanism and rationalize the high efficiency of this photocatalytic approach.
Virus Like Particles: A Self-Assembled Toolbox for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Shahrivarkevishahia Arezoo , Hagge Laurel M. , Brohlin Olivia R , Kumari Sneha , Ehrman Ryanne , Benjamin Candace , Gassensmith Jeremiah
Published: February 2022

Nanoparticle-based therapeutics have been applied in a broad range of clinical and pre-clinical applications from diagnosis to treatment for cancer. A wide range of synthetic and naturally occurring materials such as polymers, metal oxides, silicate, liposomes, and carbon nanotubes have been developed to overcome key barriers in small molecule therapeutics including intracellular trafficking, cell/tissue targeting, poor biodistribution, and low efficiency. Virus like particles (VLPs)—engineered and non-infectious self-assembling systems based on viral nanostructures—are new approach toward overcoming these limitations, as they are a protein-based nanomaterial that closely mimics the highly symmetrical and polyvalent conformation of viruses while lacking the viral genomes. Their innate biocompatibility, biodegradability, monodispersity, mild immunogenicity, and safety combined with the capacity to chemically modify the interior and exterior surfaces of these systems offer scientists a highly customizable tool to design and engineer multi-component therapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss how these systems have been used in a wide array of cancer treatments including phototherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and chemotherapy.
Synthesis and styrene copolymerization of novel oxy ring-disubstituted isobutyl phenylcyanoacrylates
Authors: Bailey Megan , Barcinski Margaret A. , Galloway Adrian L. , Guzman Alyssa M. , Hussaini Syed , Khatib Naimah A. , Parisi Elli D.R. , Tuff Tripp , Williams Brockton D. , Rocus Sara , Schjerven William , Kharas Gregory B.
Published: February 2022

Novel oxy ring-disubstituted isobutyl phenylcyanoacrylates, RPhCH=C(CN)CO2CH2CH(CH3)2 (where R is 4-methoxy-2-methyl, 4-methoxy-3-methyl, 3-ethoxy-4-methoxy, 4-ethoxy-3-methoxy, 3,4-dibenzyloxy, 2-benzyloxy-3-methoxy, 3-benzyloxy-4-methoxy, 2,3-methylenedioxy) were synthesized by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring-disubstituted benzaldehydes and isobutyl cyanoacetate and characterized by CHN analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR. The acrylates were copolymerized with styrene in solution with radical initiation (ABCN) at 70C. The compositions of the copolymers were calculated from nitrogen analysis and the structures were analyzed by FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR.
Hydrogen bonds promote site-selective phenol functionalization enabled by Cl- anion
Authors: Wang Yaya , Zhang Kairui , Li Ruyi , Luo Heng , Shi Zhujun , wang Xiaochen , Peng Qian
Published: February 2022

Most of studies for hydrogen bonds focus on the static model especially between two polar atoms. In contrast, introducing the third polar atom may emerge the competitive hydrogen bonds, which would represent a distinct perspective to perturb the catalytic chemical transformation. Herein, we report quantum mechanics calculations and quasi-classical direct dynamics simulations that demonstrate a triangle form of proton accepters enabled by Cl- anion can afford diverse hydrogen bonds, which control the reactivity and selectivity of Rh catalyzed phenol functionalization. A redox mechanism for carbene insertions with notable ligand effect was discovered and supported by both calculations and the experimental kinetic isotopic effect. The quaternary ammonium additive can stabilize key oxonium ylide intermediates with O-H…Cl hydrogen bonds that inhibit the common O-H insertion and promote the carbene C-H insertion product. The dynamic hydrogen bonds coupling with Rh complex dissociation may result in an intermediate shuttle of oxonium ylides, which unify the site-selective of the direct phenol functionalization.
Programmed Polyene Cyclization Enabled by Chromophore Disruption
Authors: Frederich James , Solans Megan , Basistyi Vitalii , Law James , Bartfield Noah
Published: February 2022

A versatile polyene cyclization strategy was developed that exploits conjugated -ionyl derivatives. Photomediated disruption of the extended -system within these chromophores unveils a contra-thermodynamic polyene that engages in a Heck-type cyclization to afford [4.4.1]-propellanes. The connectivity of overbred polycycles generated from this process is controlled by the position of the requisite C–Br bond. Thus, compared to conventional biomimetic polyene cyclization, this approach allows for complete control of regiochemistry and facilitates incorporation of both electron-rich and electron-deficient (hetero)aryl groups. This strategy was successfully applied to the total synthesis of taxodione and salviasperanol, two isomeric abietane-type diterpenes that previously could not be prepared along the same synthetic pathway.
A spin promotion effect in catalytic ammonia synthesis
Authors: Cao Ang , Bukas Vanessa Jane  , Shadravan Vahid  , Wang Zhenbin , Kibsgaard Jakob  , Li Hao , Chorkendorff Ib , Nørskov Jens Kehlet 
Published: February 2022

Ammonia plays an important role as the basis for nitrogen fertilizer production and is also being considered as a potential energy carrier in a sustainable future. The need for efficient ammonia synthesis is as urgent as ever. Over the past two decades, many attempts to find new catalysts for ammonia synthesis at mild conditions have been reported and, in particular, many new promoters of the catalytic rate have been introduced beyond the traditional K and Cs oxides. We provide an overview of recent experimental results for non-traditional promoters and develop a comprehensive model to explain how they work. The model, which is based on extensive density functional theory calculations, has two components. First, we establish what is the most likely structure of the active sites in the presence of the different promoters. We then show that there are two components dictating the catalytic activity. One is an electrostatic interaction between the adsorbed promoter and the N-N dissociation transition state. In addition, we identify a new promoter effect for magnetic catalysts giving rise to an anomalously large lowering of the activation energy that can make otherwise inactive metals like Co as active as the best Ru and Fe-based catalysts.
An Updated Review on Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment aspects of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Arghya Bhattacharya  , Ritabrata Kundu  , Lokesh Chandra Mahata  , Shibam Kundagrami  , Bikram Dhara  , Dattatreya Mukherjee
Published: February 2022

In the current era, COVID-19 has become the most familiar term in the whole world. It is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 which is a mutated congener of SARS COV and MERS COV. As per epidemiological studies, 83959 cases have been recorded only in China with 4637 deaths. More than 215 countries including Korea, Iran, Italy, Germany, Algeria, South Africa, Senegal, Nigeria etc have recorded over nine million deaths due to this pandemic. Diagnosis of COVID-19 can be carried out by several ways like identifying the increased level of lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine kinase, alanine and aspartate dehydrogenase in blood. IgG and IgM antibody detection is a key parameter in detection of SARS CoV-2. The real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction or RT-qPCR test is so far considered the most reliable diagnostic method. Recently, two current approaches get widely used in diagnosis for SARS CoV-2 namely “FELUDA” and “SHERLOCK” offering a cheap and less time taking procedure for the detection of SARS CoV-2. In FELUDA a protein called FnCas9 and a guide RNA (g RNA) helps in recognizing the viral gene which is contained by the sample whereas SHERLOK is associated with Cas12 protein.
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Authors: Prakash Gnana
Published: February 2022

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Development of Recycled Style Sandals at the Youth Organization Community, Bojonghaleuang Village, West Bandung Regency
Authors: Natalia Wenny Anggraini , Janti Tan Indra , Denissa Lois , Santoso Junnica Hakim , Sari Ayu Kartika , Kristi Jesslyn Ivana
Published: February 2022

This community empowerment activity was implemented at the initiative of the Karang Taruna community in Bojonghaleuang Village, West Bandung Regency. This activity was intended to provide briefing and creativity training for youth organizations so that they would develop creativity that can be developed into commodity product businesses that are needed by the community. Garment scraps, leftover production and sorting/rejects that are abundant in the city of Bandung require community cultivation. The method used was the cooperative demonstration and practical making of decorative sandals, following modules that were taught both online and onsite, and applied in practice. Then, the youth group can re-explore the sandal model in another form that is more attractive, according to creativity, and can then meet market tastes. This training has many benefits, namely developing youth creativity, increasing the value of the benefits of leftover fabrics or rejected products into commodities of economic value. The utilization of textile waste as a self-supporting commodity for Karang Taruna really helps improve environmental sustainability in the city of Bandung. As a result of this activity, the Karang Taruna community was very enthusiastic about doing the exercises, able to produce interesting sandal creations, even some youth organizations have received purchase orders from the surrounding community.
Development of Tie-Dye Technique on T-shirts in RT02 RW04 Sukawarna Village, Sukajadi District, Bandung
Authors: Denissa Lois , Permanasari Rosa , Rosethalia Cherish , Tania Anjeli , Ngo Vania Hindriana , Gunawan Felicia , Nathania Gerardine , Theodora Devina , Aurelia Clemensy
Published: February 2022

Creativity is an essential thing that everyone needs to have so that life continues to be filled with constructive progress. The development of tie-dye technique is one of interesting textile design creativity because it is a synergistic experiment between technique and color. The application of the tie-dye technique on T-shirts as a form of community empowerment activity is considered to have power to stimulate ideas for developing the creativity of Islamic boarding school students in Sukawarna Village. The combination of various techniques such as tying, folding, sewing, wrinkling, and dyeing creates a natural and expressive movement of absorbent color that occurs permanently on the fabric. The participatory demonstration method which is directly applied to media by the participants with lecturers and students’ assistance becomes an effective method in producing interesting works. Participants have a rich visual repertoire of unexpected shapes and colors that can occur in fabrics while watching their friends explore. The conclusion of this creative experience becomes a force for students to be enthusiastic about continuing to work, until one day they have an opportunity to be self-sufficient. This unique result, if managed properly, will bring in consumers so that it can boost the family and even regional economy.
Biocarbón de ápices de caña de azúcar como enmienda de suelo para el cultivo de Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora en invernadero
Authors: Pérez-Cabrera Carlos Alberto , Juárez-López Porfirio , Anzaldo-Hernández José , Alia-Tejacal Irán , Valdez-Aguilar Luis Alonso , Alejo-Santiago Gelacio , Castro-Brindis Rogelio , López-Martínez Víctor , Alvarado-Camarillo Daniela
Published: February 2022

La incorporación al suelo de biocarbón obtenido de cascarillas, rastrojos, residuos forestales, estiércoles, entre otros residuos puede mejorar el crecimiento de los cultivos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del biocarbón de ápices de caña de azúcar (BACA) en el crecimiento de albahaca tailandesa (Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora) cultivada en invernadero. Los tratamientos consistieron en mezclas de biocarbón y suelo franco arenoso (v/v) de 0 (testigo), 7, 14, 21 y 28%. Se evaluó altura de planta, materia fresca y seca, área foliar, unidades SPAD y la concentración nutrimental foliar. El uso de BACA al 7% incrementó 45.1% la materia fresca, 35.2% la materia seca y 54.5% el área foliar. Por otro lado, el tratamiento con BACA 21% presentó la mayor concentración foliar de N-total (44.3 g kg-1), P (9.55 mg kg-1) y Ca (12.6 mg kg‑1). El biocarbón de ápices de caña de azúcar puede ser incorporado al suelo como una alternativa en el manejo agronómico de albahaca tailandesa.
RISKS AND PROBLEMS OF 5G NETWORKS DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA
Authors: Kharchenko Sergey , Zhizhin Nikita , Kucher Dmitry
Published: February 2022

The authors describe the advantages and the adverse consequences of 5G networks development. They propose their own classification of the advantages, dividing them into explicit, implicit and hidden. The hidden advantages are determined to be decisive. Special attention is paid to the potential of 5G networks to provide police functions, in particular, to ensure all issues of total surveillance of any person. The risk-cost-benefit analysis is carried out, allowing us to draw conclusions about the justification for the 5G networks development. The analysis makes us doubt the justification of spending trillions of rubles for the development of 5G networks in the Russian Federation. The book is intended for specialists in the field of ecology, environmental protection and for students studying and specializing in these areas.
ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF THREE WEED SPECIES ON THE GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM)
Authors: Martina Adeleke , P Onyebuchi
Published: February 2022

Laboratory and green house experiments were conducted to ascertain the effect of exudates (from the vegetative parts of the weeds soaked in water) of different ages (36hrs, 72hrs and 120hrs) from three common weed species (namely, Chromolaena odorata, Ageratum conyzoides and Cyperus esculentus) on the seed germination and seedling growth of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). Tomato seeds were sown in petri-dishes on filter paper moistened with the treatments, and another set of tomato seeds were sown in soil, and treatments applied. The exudates of C. odorata had the greatest inhibitory effect on seed germination on filter paper, while those of A. conyzoides followed closely. C. esculentus had the least inhibitory effect. The weed exudates however did not have marked inhibition on seed germination and seedling growth in the soil medium; rather, they competed favorably with the Control. It was observed that the longer the soaking duration of the weeds in water, the less inhibitory their exudates were on seed germination, with water dilution. All the three weed species considered showed allelopathic effects, but especially C. odorata and A. conyzoides when in direct contact with tomato seeds
Analisis Spasial Untuk Klasifikasi Pengembangan Tempat Penampungan Sementara Menggunakan Metode Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan
Authors: Hakim Luqman , Anik Vega Vitianingsih  , Gita Indah Marthasari  , Kresna Arief Nugraha  , Anastasia Lidya Maukar
Published: February 2022

Garbage is a problem that needs an in-depth study in urban areas because the development of an area has consequences on increasing population density, facilities and infrastructure, public services, and other aspects that impact increasing the volume of waste. The distribution of temporary waste shelters (TPS) in each area is still insufficient to accommodate the volume of waste, and its availability is inadequate. The purpose of this study is to model spatial data through spatial analysis using artificial intelligence methods in classifying the development of integrated temporary shelter locations (TPST) and regional integrated temporary shelters (TPST Regions) by utilizing Web-based technology (Geographical Information System (Web-GIS). The Artificial Neural Network method with the Backpropagation algorithm is used for the spatial analysis process based on the parameters of the population, the amount of organic and inorganic waste, the amount of industrial waste, and the volume of the TPST and Regional TPST capacity. The spatial analysis results using the Artificial Neural Network method obtained an accuracy value of 7171.02%. The results of this study can be the basis for Department of Environment and Cleanliness policies for the development of TPST and TPST areas with information coverage at the village level.
Pengenalan Emosi Pembicara Menggunakan Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Rendi Nurcahyo  , Mohammad Iqbal
Published: February 2022

Recognition of the speaker's emotions is an important but challenging component of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). The need for the recognition of the speaker's emotions is also increasing related to the need for digitizing the company's operational processes related to the implementation of industry 4.0. The use of Deep Learning methods is currently increasing, especially for processing unstructured data such as data from voice signals. This study tries to apply the Deep Learning method to classify the speaker's emotions using an open dataset from SAVEE which contains seven classes of voice emotions in English. The dataset will be trained using the CNN model. The final accuracy of the model is 88% on the training data and 52% on the test data, which means the model is overfitting. This is due to the imbalance of emotion classes in the dataset, which makes the model tend to predict classes with more labels. In addition, the lack of heterogeneity of the dataset makes the character of the emotion class more different from the others so that it can reduce the bias in the model so as not to overfit the model. Further development of this research can be done, such as over-sampling the existing dataset by adding other data sources, then performing data augmentation to get the data character of each emotion class and setting hyperparameter values ​​to get better accuracy values.
Pemetaan Pelanggan dengan LRFM dan Two Stage Clustering untuk Memenuhi Strategi Pengelolaan
Authors: Ni Putu Viona Viandari  , I Made Agus Dwi Suarjaya  , I Nyoman Piarsa
Published: February 2022

Maibus is a company of transportation services located in Bali. Transaction data that is owned has not been managed properly. This results in data accumulation and only as a turnover calculation, so LRFM and clustering methods are needed to assist the calculation and processing data in fulfilling customer management strategies. The research was conducted by collecting and understanding data, preprocessing, applying LRFM (Length,Recency,Frequency,Monetary), normalizing LRFM, evaluating the number of clusters with Davies Bouldin Index (DBI), clustering with K-Means, and analyzing cluster results. The data used is transaction data from January 2017 to December 2018 with a total of 14.292 data. The clustering method with the K-means algorithm helps in mapping customers based on transaction data. DBI was used to determine the optimal number of clusters and LRFM used to test the determination of variables in determining customer behavior and loyalty. The results of testing 7.193 invoice using 5 clusters with DBI value is 0.135. The result of customers in cluster 0,2,4 are new customer groups with the proposed strategy is enforced strategy, while the customer in cluster 1 and 3 are lost customers with the proposed strategy is let-go strategy that refers to the customer value and customer loyalty matrix.
Does Covid-19 Pandemic Change the Consumer Purchase Behavior Towards Cosmetic Products?
Authors: Mega farisha  , Hartoyo  , Safari Arief
Published: February 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has generally affected the cosmetic industry's marketing and sales. Drastic changes happened, and the sales now rely more on online sales. This study aimed to analyze the purchase behavior of facial serum cosmetic products before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The sampling technique applied purposive sampling. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modelling - Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Data were obtained from 200 respondents in the Jabodetabek area from April to May 2021, but only 163 were included in the analysis. The results show that the conditions before and during the pandemic are significant differences. Before the pandemic, co-creation, communal activation, conversation, halal awareness, and reference groups influenced the purchase behavior. On the other hand, though, reference groups did not affect the purchasing behavior during the pandemic. Therefore, business people in the cosmetics field can focus on co-creation and conversation.
Analysis of Healthy Living Behavior, Age, and Income on Gluten-Free Food Consumption
Authors: Bastiawan Hertha , Santoso Sugeng , Sahab Achmad Indra , Yamin Abdul , Almira Beta
Published: February 2022

This research was triggered by the phenomenon of an increase in people adopting a healthy lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic. People who adopt a healthy lifestyle are assumed to consume healthy food such as gluten-free food. Meanwhile, as people grow older and their income improves, the desire to consume gluten-free food also increases. This research aims to analyze healthy behavior, age, and income on the desire to consume gluten-free foods that Logit Model constructed. Gluten-free foods can be defined as foods that do not contain gluten substances such as wheat, and they can be classified as healthy food because people who consume this food can avoid some diseases. The study determined Logit Model and used quantitative methods and convenience sampling based on the SPSS application. From 10 to 12 October 2021, research collected 193 respondents, mainly from the Jabodetabek area. Using Wald Test, the study formed a Logit Model for this relationship. In conclusion, healthy living behavior, age, and income partially and simultaneously influence gluten-free food consumption. By observing this study, entrepreneurs in the food sector are expected to produce gluten-free food.
Digital natives problems and challenges in learning English
Authors: Kristy Arti Novia Tiara , Malihah Noor , Risdianto Faizal , Supardi Supardi
Published: February 2022

This research aims to analyze the problems and challenges encountered by Digital Natives and to find out how they overcome them in English learning. The Digital Natives were students of the English Department, IAIN Salatiga, in Academic Year 2017/2018. The methodology of this research was descriptive qualitative. This research used questionnaires and interviews. The questionnaire was used to find out the problem, challenge, and solution of Digital Natives in learning English. The interview section was to collect the information from participants about their experience, the problems and challenges, and how to solve them. This research, it was conducted data analysis by data reduction by simplifying, classifying, and removing unnecessary or irrelevant data to achieve the best finding of the research. The results showed that bad internet signal and connection, the negative effect of the technology and language learning problem. The challenge they frequently have is coping with the problem of lack of English vocabulary and they are being unsociable to the environment. The research showed that technology can be used as an effective digital tool to learn English. It can be seen by the participants’ learning experience. The digital tool assists English learner by overcoming their problems and challenges, what are the participants get more in using the digital tool is how fun the digital tool make easier for English learners... To overcome those problems, they should be wise with their dependence on the gadget and the internet. Then after a long time getting difficult vocabulary, they looked up some online dictionaries and asked to their friends.