bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A qualitative exploration of chronic pain management of older adults in remote and rural settings
Authors: Jebara Tesnime , Youngson Elaine , Drummond Natalie , Rushworth Gordon , Pfleger Sharon , Rudd Ian , MacLeod John , Wilson Martin , Bailey Nicola , Cunningham Scott
Published: July 2023

Background

The World Health Organization predicts that the number of older adults will nearly double between 2015 and 2050. Older adults are at a higher risk of developing medical conditions such as chronic pain. However, there is little information about chronic pain and its management in older adults especially those residing in remote and rural areas.

Aim

To explore views, experiences, and behavioural determinants of older adults regarding chronic pain management in remote and rural settings in Scottish Highlands.

Method

Qualitative one-to-one telephone interviews were conducted with older adults with chronic pain residing in remote and rural areas in the Scottish Highlands. The interview schedule was developed by the researchers, validated, and piloted prior to use. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and independently thematically-analysed by two researchers. Interviews continued until data saturation.

Results

Fourteen interviews were conducted with three key themes emerging: views and experiences with chronic pain, need to enhance pain management, and perceived barriers to pain management. Overall, pain was reported as severe and negatively impacted lives. Majority of interviewees used medicines for pain relief but noted that their pain was still poorly controlled. Interviewees had limited expectation for improvement since they considered their condition a normal consequence of ageing. Residing in remote and rural areas was perceived to complicate access to services with many having to travel long distances to see a health professional.

Conclusion

Chronic pain management in remote and rural areas remains a significant issue among older adults interviewed. Thus, there is a need to develop approaches to improve access to related information and services.
Price commitment and the strategic launch of a fighter brand
Authors: Jost Peter-J.
Published: July 2023

We consider a vertically differentiated market where an incumbent strategically wants to launch a fighter brand to thwart a new entrant. Without a credibly commitment this launch is ineffective because the incumbent always has an incentive to price the fighter brand ex-post out of the market. Endogenous price leadership with fixed or list price announcement, and dual channeling with an intermediary retailer to distribute the fighter brand are analyzed as commitment devices. The optimal mode then depends on customers’ sensitivities to a deviation from the price announcement as well as on the attractiveness of the underlying market.
Migration governance through trade agreements: insights from the MITA dataset
Authors: Lavenex Sandra , Lutz Philipp , Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik Paula
Published: July 2023

States struggle to establish multilateral cooperation on migration – yet they include more and more migration provisions in preferential trade agreements (PTAs). This article sheds light on this phenomenon by introducing the Migration Provisions in Preferential Trade Agreements (MITA) dataset. Covering 797 agreements signed between 1960 and 2020, this dataset offers a fine-grained coding of three types of migration provisions: those that facilitate the international mobility of service providers and labor migrants, protect migrant rights, and control unauthorized migration. Against the backdrop of limping multilateralism, we examine PTAs’ migration policy content with regard to two key cooperation dilemmas: conflicts of interest within developed countries and between them and developing countries. Facilitating business and labor mobility might be a possible way around the first dilemma, commonly referred to as the ‘liberal paradox': the tension between economic demands for openness and political calls for closure. Nevertheless, this facilitation is largely limited to highly skilled migrants and agreements between developed economies. Provisions for migration control tend to be included in agreements between developed and developing countries, which signals that states use issue-linkages to address the second dilemma, i.e. interest asymmetries. Finally, provisions for migrant rights stand out because they do not deepen over time. Our findings suggest that while PTAs have become an increasingly common venue for migration governance, the issue-linkage between trade and migration cooperation perpetuates entrenched divisions in the international system. The MITA dataset will allow researchers and policymakers to track the evolution of the trade-migration nexus and systematically investigate the motives for and effects of various migration provisions in PTAs.
On the stability and convergence of a semi-discrete discontinuous Galerkin scheme to the kinetic Cucker–Smale model
Authors: Gargano Francesco , Ha Seung-Yeal , Sciacca Vincenzo
Published: July 2023

We study analytical properties of a semi-discrete discontinuous Galerkin (DG) scheme for the kinetic Cucker–Smale (CS) equation. The kinetic CS equation appears in the mean-field limit of the particle CS model and it corresponds to the dissipative Vlasov type equation approximating the large particle CS system. For this proposed DG scheme, we show that it exhibits analytical properties such as the conservation of mass, $$L^2$$

L
2

-stability and convergence to the sufficiently regular solution, as the mesh-size tends to zero. In particular, we verify that the convergence rate of the DG numerical solution to the sufficiently regular kinetic solution is dependent on the Sobolev regularity of the kinetic soluiton. We also present several numerical simulations for low-dimensional cases.
IMAGINE sustainability: integrated inner-outer transformation in research, education and practice
Authors: Ives Christopher D. , Schäpke Niko , Woiwode Christoph , Wamsler Christine
Published: July 2023

There has been a recent proliferation of research and practice on the interior dimensions of sustainability, such as values, beliefs, worldviews and inner capacities. This nascent field of inner transformation is dynamic and emerging, with varied terminology, a breadth of applications, and intense debate about possible contributions as well as limitations and shortcomings. In this article, we aim to provide some orientation by systematising the core contributions of the emerging domain of inner transformation research via the acronym IMAGINE. We show that ontologically, inner transformation research highlights (i) the Interdependence of inner/outer and individual/collective/system phenomena, as well as (ii) the Multiple potential that is latent within each of us to enable transformative change. Correspondingly, it underscores the implications of inner phenomena for sustainability and related action-taking, particularly through: (iii) the Activation of inner dimensions across individual, collective and system levels, and (iv) the Generation of inner transformative capacities through intentional practices. Epistemologically, this necessitates the (v) INclusion of diverse perspectives, required for (vi) Expanding knowledge systems for sustainability. The presented heuristic offers a framework to systematically support and guide sustainability researchers, educators and practitioners to incorporate inner transformation into their work, which is a key requirement for sustainability outcomes and necessary to effectively formulate related policy frameworks.
Acute Pain and Development of Opioid Use Disorder: Patient Risk Factors
Authors: Baumann Livia , Bello Corina , Georg Filipovic Mark , Urman Richard D. , Luedi Markus M. , Andereggen Lukas
Published: July 2023

Purpose of Review

Pharmacological therapy for acute pain carries the risk of opioid misuse, with opioid use disorder (OUD) reaching epidemic proportions worldwide in recent years. This narrative review covers the latest research on patient risk factors for opioid misuse in the treatment of acute pain. In particular, we emphasize newer findings and evidence-based strategies to reduce the prevalence of OUD.

Recent Findings

This narrative review captures a subset of recent advances in the field targeting the literature on patients’ risk factors for OUD in the treatment for acute pain. Besides well-recognized risk factors such as younger age, male sex, lower socioeconomic status, White race, psychiatric comorbidities, and prior substance use, additional challenges such as COVID-19 further aggravated the opioid crisis due to associated stress, unemployment, loneliness, or depression.

To reduce OUD, providers should evaluate both the individual patient’s risk factors and preferences for adequate timing and dosing of opioid prescriptions. Short-term prescription should be considered and patients at-risk closely monitored. The integration of non-opioid analgesics and regional anesthesia to create multimodal, personalized analgesic plans is important. In the management of acute pain, routine prescription of long-acting opioids should be avoided, with implementation of a close monitoring and cessation plan.
Positive solutions for a class of nonlinear parametric Robin problems
Authors: Gasiński Leszek , Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Zhang Youpei
Published: July 2023

We consider a nonlinear Robin problem driven by the p-Laplacian and a parametric concave-convex reaction with the parameter multiplying the convex (superlinear) term. We prove a multiplicity result for positive solutions which is global in the parameter $$\lambda >0$$

λ
>
0

(bifurcation-type theorem). We also show the existence of a minimal positive solution $$u_{\lambda }^*$$

u

λ

∗

and determine the monotonicity and continuity properties of the map $$\lambda \longmapsto u_{\lambda }^*$$

λ
⟼

u

λ

∗
Parametrization of the p-Weil–Petersson Curves: Holomorphic Dependence
Authors: Wei Huaying , Matsuzaki Katsuhiko
Published: July 2023

Similar to the Bers simultaneous uniformization, the product of thep-Weil–Petersson Teichmüller spaces for$$p \ge 1$$p≥1provides the coordinates for the space ofp-Weil–Petersson embeddings$$\gamma $$γof the real line$${\mathbb {R}}$$Rinto the complex plane$${\mathbb {C}}$$C. We prove the biholomorphic correspondence from this space to thep-Besov space of$$u=\log \gamma '$$u=logγ′on$${\mathbb {R}}$$Rfor$$p>1$$p>1. From this fundamental result, several consequences follow immediately which clarify the analytic structures concerning parameter spaces ofp-Weil–Petersson curves. Specifically, it implies that the correspondence of the Riemann mapping parameters to the arc-length parameters preserving the images of curves is a homeomorphism with bi-real-analytic dependence of the change of parameters. This is analogous to the classical theorem of Coifman and Meyer for chord-arc curves.
Longevity of the whitefly parasitoid Eretmocerus eremicus under two different climate scenarios
Authors: Milenovic Milan , Ripamonti Matteo , Eickermann Michael , Rapisarda Carmelo , Junk Jürgen
Published: July 2023

Whiteflies (Aleyrodidae) cause high economic losses in agricultural systems worldwide. Heavy reliance on insecticide use for whitefly control has led to the resistance development towards nearly all used groups of insecticides. A more sustainable, widely used, and irreplaceable control measure in protected cropping systems is biological control by augmentative release of parasitoids. All commercially available whitefly parasitoids are wasps from the genera Encarsia and Eretmocerus, with one of the most used parasitoid species being Eretmocerus eremicus. Biocontrol by these highly specialized natural enemies is sensitive to changes in environmental conditions. Ongoing anthropogenic climate change could affect multitrophic interactions between organisms, and biocontrol systems are not an exception. At the same time, little is known about the development of E. eremicus under projected future climate conditions. The present study evaluates the longevity of this important biocontrol agent by performing climatic chamber simulation driven by physically consistent, regionally downscaled, multi-model ensemble projections of the future climate for Luxembourg. Results show a reduction of its longevity up to 50% under future climate. The median survival in the projected future climate was found to be 13 days, which is 9 days less than under present climate. Implications on the efficacy of the whitefly biocontrol practices in future climate conditions are discussed.
Enhancing energy system models using better load forecasts
Authors: Möbius Thomas , Watermeyer Mira , Grothe Oliver , Müsgens Felix
Published: July 2023

Since energy system models require a large amount of technical and economic data, their quality significantly affects the reliability of the results. However, some publicly available data sets, such as the transmission system operators’ day-ahead load forecasts, are known to be biased and inaccurate, leading to lower energy system model performance. We propose a time series model that enhances the accuracy of transmission system operators’ load forecast data in real-time, using only the load forecast error’s history as input. We further present an energy system model developed specifically for price forecasts of the short-term day-ahead market. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the improved load data as input by applying it to this model, which shows a strong reduction in pricing errors, particularly during periods of high prices and tight markets. Our results highlight the potential of our method the enhance the accuracy of energy system models using improved input data.
Ritanserin suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by inhibiting DGKα to downregulate phospholipase D and the Jak-Stat/MAPK pathway
Authors: Tan Jinshui , Zhong Mengya , Hu Yanyan , Pan Guangchao , Yao Jingwei , Tang Yuanfang , Duan Hongpeng , Jiang Yuelong , Shan Weihang , Lin Jiaqi , Liu Yating , Huang Jiewen , Zheng Huijian , Zhou Yong , Fu Guo , Li Zhifeng , Xu Bing , Zha Jie
Published: July 2023

Refractory or relapsed (R/R) AML is the most challenging form of AML to treat. Due to frequent genetic mutations, therapy alternatives are limited. Here, we identified the role of ritanserin and its target DGKα in AML. Several AML cell lines and primary patient cells were treated with ritanserin and subjected to cell proliferation, apoptosis and gene analyses with CCK-8 assay, Annexin V/PI assay and Western blotting, respectively. We also evaluated the function of the ritanserin target diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKα) in AML by bioinformatics. In vitro experiments have revealed that ritanserin inhibits AML progression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and it shows an anti-AML effect in xenograft mouse models. We further demonstrated that the expression of DGKα was elevated in AML and correlated with poor survival. Mechanistically, ritanserin negatively regulates SphK1 expression through PLD signaling, also inhibiting the Jak-Stat and MAPK signaling pathways via DGKα. These findings suggest that DGKα may be an available therapeutic target and provide effective preclinical evidence of ritanserin as a promising treatment for AML.
Genetically caused trait is an interactive kind
Authors: Kõiv Riin
Published: July 2023

In this paper I argue that the extent to which a human trait is genetically caused can causally depend upon whether the trait is categorized within human genetics as genetically caused. This makes the kindgenetically caused traitan interactive kind. I demonstrate that this thesis is both conceptually coherent and empirically plausible. I outline the core rationale of this thesis and demonstrate its conceptual coherence by drawing upon Waters’ (2007) analysis of genetic causation. I add empirical plausibility to the thesis by describing a hypothetical but empirically plausible mechanism by which the fact that obesity is categorized as genetically caused within human genetics increases the extent to which obesity is in fact genetically caused.
Social kinds: historical and multi-functional
Authors: Guala Francesco
Published: July 2023

The notion of multi-functional kind is introduced to explain how social scientists may be able to draw inferences across historically unrelated societies or cultures. Multi-functional kinds are neither eternal nor purely historical, support non-trivial inductive generalisations, and allow to overcome scepticism about the inductive potential of multiply realised (functional) properties. Two examples, from monetary economics and anthropology, provide support for a pluralistic ontology of the social world.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Informal Digital Learning of English, Willingness to Communicate and Foreign Language Boredom: A Latent Change Score Mediation Model
Authors: Taherian Tahereh , Shirvan Majid Elahi , Yazdanmehr Elham , Kruk Mariusz , Pawlak Mirosław
Published: July 2023

The present research used a longitudinal framework to test a model of willingness to communicate (L2WTC), informal digital learning of English (IDLE), and foreign language boredom (FLB) in learning English as a foreign language among 325 Iranian university students attending a course in general English for 4 months via a latent change score mediation (LCSM) model. Overall, model indices showed an acceptable model fit for the LCSM model. There was a significant and positive constant growth in IDLE and L2WTC, a negative constant growth in FLB across four measurements, while the proportional change was significant and negative for all three variables. The significant interindividual and intraindividual differences in patterns of growth across time were found for the three variables. Also, moderate and positive cross-system associations were revealed between IDLE and L2WTC across four measurements. Moreover, moderate and negative cross-system associations were revealed between FLB and L2WTC as well as between IDLE and L2WTC. Furthermore, changes in FLB mediated subsequent associations between changes in IDLE and L2WTC. The results highlight the pivotal role of variations in FLB as a mediator for the longitudinal link between IDLE and L2WTC.
The precedence function: a numerical evaluation method for multicriteria ranking problems
Authors: Villar Antonio
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes and characterizes a method to solve multicriteria evaluation problems when individual judgements are categorical and may fail to satisfy both transitivity and completeness. The evaluation function consists of a weighted sum of the average number of times that each alternative precedes some other, in all pairwise comparisons. It provides, therefore, a quantitative assessment which is well-grounded, immediate to compute, and easy to understand.
Commentary: Is There a Lack of Insight on the Anatomy Teaching Adaptations Made by “Cadaver-Free” Medical Schools in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Patera Eleni
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted anatomy education as it ceased face-to-face anatomy teaching sessions and laboratory practicals. In the past 2 years, a growing body of literature has been dedicated to the adaptations made in the teaching of anatomy predominantly by medical schools who employ cadaveric dissection and prosection-based practicals to teach anatomy. Despite this, there is dearth of evidence in terms of the challenges that medical schools who do not use cadaveric dissection or prosected specimens to teach anatomy faced as well as the adaptations they made in response to the pandemic.
A Cohort Study Assessing the Impact of Anki as a Spaced Repetition Tool on Academic Performance in Medical School
Authors: Gilbert Michael M. , Frommeyer Timothy C. , Brittain Garrett V. , Stewart Nickolas A. , Turner Todd M. , Stolfi Adrienne , Parmelee Dean
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Anki is an application that capitalizes upon the techniques of spaced repetition and is increasingly utilized by medical students for examination preparation. This study examines the impact of Anki usage in a medical school curriculum on academic performance. Secondary objectives analyzed individual Anki utilization and a qualitative assessment of Anki use.

Methods

A cohort-control study was conducted at Boonshoft School of Medicine. One hundred thirty first-year medical students were enrolled in an Anki utilization training program from July 2021 to September 2021. Training included educational Anki courses and subsequent survey data collection over Anki usage. Data variables included all course final examinations, the Comprehensive Basic Science Exam (CBSE), individual Anki user statistics, nationally standardized exams scores, and Qualtrics surveys on student perceived ease of use.

Results

Seventy-eight students reported using Anki for at least one of the exams, and 52 students did not use Anki for any exam. Anki users scored significantly higher across all four exams: Course I (6.4%; p < 0.001); Course II (6.2%; p = 0.002); Course III (7.0%; p = 0.002); and CBSE (12.9%; p = 0.003). Students who reported higher dependency on Anki for studying performed significantly better on the Course I, II, and CBSE exams.

Conclusion

Anki usage may be associated with an increase in standardized examination scores. This supports Anki as an evidence-based spaced repetition and active retrieval learning modality for medical school standardized examinations. There was little correlation between its specific statistical markers and examination performance. This is pertinent to physicians and medical students alike as the learning and preservation of biomedical knowledge is required for examinations and effective clinical care.
Intra-articular Therapies for Knee Osteoarthritis: Current Update
Authors: Oo Win Min , Hunter J
Published: July 2023

Purpose of the review

This narrative review highlights recent literature pertaining to available intra-articular (IA) therapeutics such as corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid (HA), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), stem cells therapy, and prolotherapy for knee osteoarthritis (OA) by summarizing recently published treatment guidelines and clinical trials, and discusses opinion and future directions.

Recent findings

IA corticosteroid has questionable long-term efficacy in head-to-head comparisons with IA PRP, ketorolac, or normal saline. Combination therapy of IA corticosteroid plus HA may be more effective than a single IA corticosteroid therapy. Significant symptomatic improvement for at least 6 months was detected for combined therapies of IA HA with PRP or diclofenac, compared with single IA HA therapy in small studies. Conflicting results were reported over IA PRP using a variety of comparators such as IA HA, ozone, and normal saline, as well as over IA stem cell therapies, urgently necessitating the standardization of PRP and stem cell products. Prolotherapy may be effective in single or combination regimes in small studies. None of the IA therapies demonstrated serious adverse effects, such as septic arthritis. These findings should be interpreted with caution as the included studies show conflicting results as well as several methodological flaws such as small sample size, short-term follow-ups, a lack of control group and absence of structural evaluations.

Collectively, these studies have demonstrated the need for further confirmation studies and highlighted the issues of standardization of PRP and stem cell therapies, the placebo effects and cost-effectiveness of IA therapeutics.
Urbanisation and Geographical Signatures in Observed Air Temperature Station Trends Over the Mediterranean and the Middle East–North Africa
Authors: Hadjinicolaou Panos , Tzyrkalli Anna , Zittis George , Lelieveld Jos
Published: July 2023

We update observed temperature trends in the Mediterranean and the Middle East–North Africa (MENA) region, assess their temporal and spatial features and investigate possible influences from urbanisation. Monthly mean temperature time-series of 370 stations are acquired from the CRUTEM4.6 and GSOD datasets and converted into suitable format for statistical analysis. The calculated annual and seasonal temperature linear trends for 1981–2020 indicate a strong warming with a MENA station average annual trend equal to $$0.36 ^\circ {\hbox {C}}$$

0
.

36
∘

C

/decade and a faster warming rate for spring ($$0.43 ^\circ {\hbox {C}}$$

0
.

43
∘

C

/decade) and summer ($$0.45 ^\circ {\hbox {C}}$$

0
.

45
∘

C

/decade). These trends are correlated with longitude, revealing faster warming rates over the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. The stations are characterised as rural or urban centre with the use of the Global Human Settlement Model (GHS-SMOD) spatial grid that accounts for population, city size and shape for the year 2000. The trend derived for the urban centre stations is an annually averaged $$0.1 ^\circ {\hbox {C}}$$

0
.

1
∘

C

/decade greater than for the rural or all stations, and more prominent during summer and autumn. Hence a discernible, but small, urbanisation signature is revealed.
On evolving environment of 2D P colonies: ant colony simulation
Authors: Langer Miroslav , Valenta Daniel
Published: July 2023

P colonies are very simple membrane systems originally derived from the P systems. The 2D P colonies, as a version of P colonies with a two-dimensional environment, were introduced as a theoretical model of the multi-agent system for observing the behavior of a community of very simple agents living in a shared environment. Each agent is equipped with a set of programs consisting of a small number of simple rules. These programs allow the agent to act and move in the environment. Although, the 2D P colonies proved to be suitable for the simulations of various (not only) multi-agent systems, and natural phenomena, like the flash floods, there are phenomena which they are not able to simulate without some additional features or characteristics. One of the ways the agents can share the information is to use the stigmergy, which means to leave some special symbols in the environment. In this paper, we follow our previous research on the 2D P colony. We present a model of the 2D P colony with evolving environment, which allows us to simulate phenomena like the stigmergy, hence to simulate an ant colony.
Anticoagulant use in older persons at risk for falls: therapeutic dilemmas—a clinical review
Authors: Mitchell Anneka , Elmasry Yasmin , van Poelgeest Eveline , Welsh Tomas J.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The aim of this clinical narrative review was to summarise the existing knowledge on the use of anticoagulants and potential adverse events in older people at risk of falls with a history of atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism. The review also offers practical steps prescribers can take when (de-)prescribing anticoagulants to maximise safety.

Methods

Literature searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase and Scopus. Additional articles were identified by searching reference lists.

Results

Anticoagulants are often underused in older people due to concerns about the risk of falls and intracranial haemorrhage. However, evidence suggests that the absolute risk is low and outweighed by the reduction in stroke risk. DOACs are now recommended first line for most patients due to their favourable safety profile. Off-label dose reduction of DOACs is not recommended due to reduced efficacy with limited reduction in bleeding risk. Medication review and falls prevention strategies should be implemented before prescribing anticoagulation. Deprescribing should be considered in severe frailty, limited life expectancy and increased bleeding risk (e.g., cerebral microbleeds).

Conclusion

When considering whether to (de-)prescribe anticoagulants, it is important to consider the risks associated with stopping therapy in addition to potential adverse events. Shared decision-making with the patient and their carers is crucial as patient and prescriber views often differ.
SEML: Self-Supervised Information-Enhanced Meta-learning for Few-Shot Text Classification
Authors: Li Hui , Huang Guimin , Li Yiqun , Zhang Xiaowei , Wang Yabing , Li Jun
Published: July 2023

Training a deep-learning text classification model usually requires a large amount of labeled data, yet labeling data are usually labor-intensive and time-consuming. Few-shot text classification focuses on predicting unknown samples using only a few labeled samples. Recently, metric-based meta-learning methods have achieved promising results in few-shot text classification. They use episodic training in labeled samples to enhance the model’s generalization ability. However, existing models only focus on learning from a few labeled samples but neglect to learn from a large number of unlabeled samples. In this paper, we exploit the knowledge learned by the model in unlabeled samples to improve the generalization performance of the meta-network. Specifically, we introduce a novel knowledge distillation method that expands and enriches the meta-learning representation with self-supervised information. Meanwhile, we design a graph aggregation method that efficiently interacts the query set information with the support set information in each task and outputs a more discriminative representation. We conducted experiments on three public few-shot text classification datasets. The experimental results show that our model performs better than the state-of-the-art models in 5-way 1-shot and 5-way 5-shot cases.
Empirical study to understand marketing influence of environmental impact assessment on end users in UAE
Authors: Joghee Shanmugan , Kabiraj Sajal , Ramakrishnan Swamynathan , Alzoubi Haitham M. , Alshurideh Muhammad Turki
Published: July 2023

An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) evaluates a development's potential effects on the environment while considering relevant socioeconomic, cultural, and human health effects (both positive and negative). This research has intended to analyze the effect of environmental impact assessment on end users in UAE. For this purpose, a descriptive research method was utilized. A well-structured questionnaire was framed, and the responses were evaluated by 5-points Likert scale. A random sampling method was implemented to select the sample of 1020 end users. Statistical techniques like percentage analysis, mean score, standard deviation, chi-square test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were carried out to examine sample’s data. The research was able to confirm high-level effect of environmental impact assessment among end users. Existing homes that have been made more environmentally friendly perform better and last longer. Therefore, the use of both forms of green building should be stimulated by the government, who should also make improvements to the marketing strategy and increase spending on environmentally friendly construction methods to bring down the price of green buildings.
The Dielectric Properties of Martian Regolith at the Tianwen‐1 Landing Site
Authors: Zhang Ling , Xu Yi , Liu Renrui , Chen Ruonan , Bugiolacchi Roberto , Gao Rui
Published: July 2023

Mars' surface is characterized by a weathered layer of regolith and exposed rock exposures that are the results of long‐term geological processes. The Mars Rover Penetrating Radar (RoPeR) on board the Zhurong rover of China's first Mars mission (Tianwen‐1) has been investigating the fine structure and dielectric properties of the martian regolith in the southern Utopia Planitia. The permittivity of the regolith within 5 m of the landing zone is , and the average loss tangent is 0.0060 ± 0.0002, 0.0087 ± 0.0002, and 0.0114 ± 0.0002 using the geometric compensation of R2, R3, R4, respectively. The permittivity distribution map has been derived to show permittivity varying with depth and location. The high dispersion of both permittivity and loss tangent values along the traverse path indicates relatively heterogeneous material distribution on the landing site compared to an airless body such as the Moon.
Sensitivity of the Global Ocean Carbon Sink to the Ocean Skin in a Climate Model
Authors: Bellenger Hugo , Bopp Laurent , Ethé Christian , Ho David , Duvel Jean Philippe , Flavoni Simona , Guez Lionel , Kataoka Takahito , Perrot Xavier , Parc Laetitia , Watanabe Michio
Published: July 2023

The ocean skin is composed of thin interfacial microlayers of temperature and mass of less than 1 mm where heat and chemical exchanges are controlled by molecular diffusion. It is characterized by a cooling of ∼−0.2 K and an increase in salinity of ∼0.1 g/kg (absolute salinity) relative to the water below. A surface observation‐based air‐sea CO2 flux estimate considering the variation of the CO2 concentration in these microlayers has been shown to lead to an increase in the global ocean sink of the anthropogenic CO2 by +0.4 PgC yr−1 (15% of the global sink). This study analyzes this effect in more details using a 15‐year (2000–2014) simulation from an Earth System Model (ESM) that incorporates a physical representation of the ocean surface layers (diurnal warm layer and rain lenses) and microlayers. Results show that considering the microlayers increases the simulated global ocean carbon sink by +0.26 to +0.37 PgC yr−1 depending on assumptions on the chemical equilibrium. This is indeed about 15% of the global sink (2.04 PgC yr−1) simulated by the ESM. However, enabling the ocean skin adjustment to feedback on ocean carbon concentrations reduces this increase to only +0.13 (±0.09) PgC y−1. Coupled models underestimate the ocean carbon sink by ∼5% if the ocean skin effect is not included.
How to Find a Volcanic Diamond Mine
Authors: Owen Rebecca
Published: July 2023

New 3D modeling illustrates the mechanism behind the intriguing volcanic eruptions that bring diamonds to the surface.
Positive Feedback of Dust Direct Radiative Effect on Dust Emission in Taklimakan Desert
Authors: Zhou Chenglong , Liu Yuzhi , Yang Xinghua , Zhu Qingzhe , Alam Khan , Yang Fan , Ali Mamtimn , Huo Wen , He Qing
Published: July 2023

Dust direct radiative effect (DDRE) can modify the near‐surface air temperature, which can in turn influence dust emission. However, the feedback mechanism of DDRE on dust emission is poorly understood. In this study, the influence of DDRE on dust emission in Taklimakan Desert (TD) was investigated using comprehensive ground‐based observations. The results show that the near‐surface air temperature significantly decreased as a result of DDRE, corresponding to dust emission enhanced. Statistically, the contributions of DDRE to dust emission during light, moderate, and heavy dusty episodes were 5.0% (3.6%), 5.2% (2.8%), and 6.1% (3.3%) in spring (summer), respectively. From the perspective of mechanism, DDRE can induce an increase in air density by cooling the near‐surface, causing an enhancement of aerodynamic drag, promoting dust emission in TD. Such positive feedback of DDRE on dust emission may be a potential contributor to improving the dust emission scheme of numerical modeling in the future.
Investigation of the GOLD Observed Merged Nighttime EIA With WACCM‐X Simulations During the Storm of 3 and 4 November 2021
Authors: Wu Kun , Qian Liying , Wang Wenbin , Cai Xuguang , Mclnerney Joseph M.
Published: July 2023

During the storm on 3 and 4 November 2021, the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission observed well separated equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests post sunset on 3 November, but merged EIA on 4 November. We used the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model‐eXtended to simulate the EIA structures during the two nights. The simulations show two separated post sunset EIA crests on 3 November but merged post sunset EIA crests on 4 November, which are qualitatively consistent with the GOLD observations. Numerical simulations and Ionospheric Connection Explorer neutral wind observations illustrate that the formation of merged EIA crests was due to several hours of downward E  B drifts before and after sunset. Further diagnostic analysis revealed that it was mainly driven by westward electric fields caused by the disturbance dynamo electric field during the recovery phase of the storm.
An Updated Estimate of the Indonesian Throughflow Geostrophic Transport: Interannual Variability and Salinity Effect
Authors: Guo Yaru , Li Yuanlong , Cheng Lijing , Chen Gengxin , Liu Qinyan , Tian Tian , Hu Shijian , Wang Jing , Wang Fan
Published: July 2023

While the pivotal role of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) in the global ocean circulation and climate has been widely recognized, accurate estimation of its volume transport based on observational data remains challenging. This work provides an updated estimate of the monthly ITF geostrophic transport (ITFG) in the upper 700 m at the IX1 section between Indonesia and Australia. The ITFG estimate is better constrained by improved data correction and new salinity data products. The mean ITFG of 1993–2018 is 8.2 ± 0.2 Sv, in which contributions of the temperature and salinity components (ITFT and ITFS) are 5.5 ± 0.2 and 2.8 ± 0.1 Sv, respectively. The interannual variability (∼4.4 Sv in standard deviation) is dominated by ITFT, as the result of wind‐driven thermocline dynamics, and slightly attenuated in amplitude by ITFS. The strengthening trend of 1.33 Sv decade−1 during 1993–2018 primarily arises from ITFS and secondarily from ITFT.
How Important Are Horizontal Eddy Moisture Transports for the MJO's Eastward Propagation?
Authors: Tulich S. N.
Published: July 2023

The eastward propagation of the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) is known to hinge crucially on the effects of horizontal moisture advection, which involve two main types of circulation anomalies. The first are those of the MJO itself, while the second are those of embedded Rossby‐type “eddies,” which tend to be most active to the west of the MJO's convective center. To quantify the relative importance of the eddies, a novel approach is taken in which their formal definition is given by the residual of a least‐squares fit to an observed bivariate MJO index. Results show that the eddies, when defined in this way, are generally of leading importance for fostering the MJO's eastward propagation in terms of column‐integrated moisture. The picture is seen to be reversed, however, when using a traditional filter‐based method to define the eddies, which are then strictly “high‐frequency” in nature.
A Precipitation Isotopic Response in 2014–2015 to Moisture Transport Changes in the Central Himalayas
Authors: Axelsson Josefine , Gao Jing , Eckhardt Sabine , Cassiani Massimo , Chen Deliang , Zhang Qiong
Published: July 2023

The impact of moisture transport and sources on precipitation stable isotopes (δ18O and d‐excess) in the central Himalayas are crucial to understanding the climatic archives. However, this is still unclear due to the lack of in‐situ observations. Here we present measurements of stable isotopes in precipitation at two stations (Yadong and Pali) in the central Himalayas during 2014–2015. Combined with simulations from the dispersion model FLEXPART, we investigate effects on precipitation stable isotopes related to changes in moisture sources and convections in the region, and possible influence by El Niño. Our results suggest that the moisture supplies related to evaporation over northeastern India and moisture losses related to convective activities over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and Bangladesh region play important roles in changes in δ18O and d‐excess in precipitation in the Yadong Valley. Outgoing longwave radiation and moisture flux divergence analysis further confirm that the contribution from continental evaporation dominates the moisture supply in the central Himalayas with a lesser contribution from convection over the BoB during the 2015 monsoon season compared with 2014. A change in the altitude effect is observed in 2015, which is more significant than the temperature and precipitation amount effect during the observation period. These findings provide valuable insights into climatic interpretations of paleo‐isotopic archives with an isotopic response to changes in moisture transport to the central Himalayas.
Machine learning in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: new approaches toward understanding the neural mechanisms
Authors: Cao Meng , Martin Elizabeth , Li Xiaobo
Published: July 2023

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder in children and has a high chance of persisting in adulthood. The development of individualized, efficient, and reliable treatment strategies is limited by the lack of understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms. Diverging and inconsistent findings from existing studies suggest that ADHD may be simultaneously associated with multivariate factors across cognitive, genetic, and biological domains. Machine learning algorithms are more capable of detecting complex interactions between multiple variables than conventional statistical methods. Here we present a narrative review of the existing machine learning studies that have contributed to understanding mechanisms underlying ADHD with a focus on behavioral and neurocognitive problems, neurobiological measures including genetic data, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), task-based and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI), electroencephalogram, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and prevention and treatment strategies. Implications of machine learning models in ADHD research are discussed. Although increasing evidence suggests that machine learning has potential in studying ADHD, extra precautions are still required when designing machine learning strategies considering the limitations of interpretability and generalization.
A Mendelian randomization study of genetic liability to post-traumatic stress disorder and risk of ischemic stroke
Authors: Soremekun Opeyemi , Musanabaganwa Clarisse , Uwineza Annette , Ardissino Maddalena , Rajasundaram Skanda , Wani Agaz H. , Jansen Stefan , Mutabaruka Jean , Rutembesa Eugene , Soremekun Chisom , Cheickna Cisse , Wele Mamadou , Mugisha Joseph , Nash Oyekanmi , Kinyanda Eugene , Nitsch Dorothea , Fornage Myriam , Chikowore Tinashe , Gill Dipender , Wildman Derek E. , Mutesa Leon , Uddin Monica , Fatumo Segun
Published: July 2023

Observational studies have shown an association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and ischemic stroke (IS) but given the susceptibility to confounding it is unclear if these associations represent causal effects. Mendelian randomization (MR) facilitates causal inference that is robust to the influence of confounding. Using two sample MR, we investigated the causal effect of genetic liability to PTSD on IS risk. Ancestry-specific genetic instruments of PTSD and four quantitative sub-phenotypes of PTSD, including hyperarousal, avoidance, re-experiencing, and total symptom severity score (PCL-Total) were obtained from the Million Veteran Programme (MVP) using a threshold P value (P) of <5 × 10−7, clumping distance of 1000 kilobase (Mb) and r2 < 0.01. Genetic association estimates for IS were obtained from the MEGASTROKE consortium (Ncases = 34,217, Ncontrols = 406,111) for European ancestry individuals and from the Consortium of Minority Population Genome-Wide Association Studies of Stroke (COMPASS) (Ncases = 3734, Ncontrols = 18,317) for African ancestry individuals. We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach as the main analysis and performed MR-Egger and the weighted median methods as pleiotropy-robust sensitivity analyses. In European ancestry individuals, we found evidence of an association between genetic liability to PTSD avoidance, and PCL-Total and increased IS risk (odds ratio (OR)1.04, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.007–1.077, P = 0.017 for avoidance and (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.010–1.040, P = 7.6 × 10−4 for PCL total). In African ancestry individuals, we found evidence of an association between genetically liability to PCL-Total and reduced IS risk (OR 0.95 (95% CI 0.923–0.991, P = 0.01) and hyperarousal (OR 0.83 (95% CI 0.691–0.991, P = 0.039) but no association was observed for PTSD case-control, avoidance, or re-experiencing. Similar estimates were obtained with MR sensitivity analyses. Our findings suggest that specific sub-phenotypes of PTSD, such as hyperarousal, avoidance, PCL total, may have a causal effect on people of European and African ancestry’s risk of IS. This shows that the molecular mechanisms behind the relationship between IS and PTSD may be connected to symptoms of hyperarousal and avoidance. To clarify the precise biological mechanisms involved and how they may vary between populations, more research is required.
Eltrombopag directly activates BAK and induces apoptosis
Authors: Chen Meng , Hu Lei , Bao Xuyuan , Ye Kaiqin , Li Yunjian , Zhang Zhiyong , Kaufmann Scott H. , Xiao Jun , Dai Haiming
Published: July 2023

Small molecule direct BAK activators can potentially be used for the development of anti-cancer drugs or as tools to study BAK activation. The thrombopoietin receptor agonist eltrombopag (Eltro) inhibits BAX activation and BAX-mediated apoptosis. Here we report that, in contrast to its function as a BAX inhibitor, Eltro directly binds BAK but induces its activation in vitro. Moreover, Eltro induces or sensitizes BAK-dependent cell death in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and Jurkat cells. Chemical shift perturbation analysis by NMR indicates that Eltro binds to the BAK α4/α6/α7 groove to initiate BAK activation. Further molecular docking by HADDOCK suggests that several BAK residues, including R156, F157, and H164, play an important role in the interaction with Eltro. The introduction of an R156E mutation in the BAK α4/α6/α7 groove not only decreases Eltro binding and Eltro-induced BAK activation in vitro but also diminishes Eltro-induced apoptosis. Thus, our data suggest that Eltro directly induces BAK activation and BAK-dependent apoptosis, providing a starting point for the future development of more potent and selective direct BAK activators.
Tim-3 protects against cisplatin nephrotoxicity by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation
Authors: Li Peiyao , Li Xuemiao , Wu Wenbin , Hou Mengjia , Yin Guanyi , Wang Zhonghang , Du Ziyu , Ma Yuanfang , Lou Qiang , Wei Yinxiang
Published: July 2023

The impact of Tim-3 (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3) on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury was investigated in this study. Cisplatin-induced Tim-3 expression in mice kidney tissues and proximal tubule-derived BUMPT cells in a time-dependent manner. Compared with wild-type mice, Tim-3 knockout mice have higher levels of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen, enhanced TUNEL staining signals, more severe 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2’ -deoxyguanosine) accumulation, and increased cleavage of caspase 3. The purified soluble Tim-3 (sTim-3) protein was used to intervene in cisplatin-stimulated BUMPT cells by competitively binding to the Tim-3 ligand. sTim-3 obviously increased the cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis. Under cisplatin treatment conditions, Tim-3 knockout or sTim-3 promoted the expression of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and IL-1β (Interleukin-1 beta) and inhibited the expression of IL-10 (interleukin-10). NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells) P65 inhibitor PDTC or TPCA1 lowed the increased levels of creatinine and BUN (blood urea nitrogen) in cisplatin-treated Tim-3 knockout mice serum and the increased cleavage of caspase 3 in sTim-3 and cisplatin-treated BUMPT cells. Moreover, sTim-3 enhanced mitochondrial oxidative stress in cisplatin-induced BUMPT cells, which can be mitigated by PDTC. These data indicate that Tim-3 may protect against renal injury by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress.