bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational Intelligence Powered Performance Analysis on Phase Change Heat Storage Air Source Heat Pump System
Authors: Yin Caihong , Wu Ronghua , Zhan Hao , Yu Hao , Liu Changqing
Published: August 2022

Aiming at the performance deterioration of air source heat pump at low temperature in cold area, an air source heat pump system with sodium chloride aqueous solution as low temperature phase change heat storage material was proposed to increase the air inlet temperature of the unit under low temperature conditions and improve the low temperature performance of the heat pump unit. The system form, unit energy consumption model, and economic model were given, and the operating economy of the traditional electric auxiliary heat air source heat pump system and the phase change heat storage air source heat pump system were compared through computational intelligence powered methods. On this basis, the operation economy of the heat pump system using different concentrations of sodium chloride solution as the heat storage material was simulated and optimized, and the operation efficiency and energy-saving performance of the system were analyzed by taking an actual residential building in a cold area as an example. The simulation results showed that the Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF) of the heat pump system using 8.5% sodium chloride aqueous solution as the heat storage material is 2.24, and the HSPF of the traditional electric auxiliary heat pump system is 1.83. Compared with the traditional electric auxiliary heat pump system, the phase change heat storage heat pump system saves heating energy consumption by 19.6% and defrosting energy consumption by 38.8%. The heat pump system using 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution as the heat storage material has the best operating economy, and the system HSPF is 2.33, which saves heating energy consumption by 23.2% and defrosting energy consumption by 34% compared with the traditional heat pump system. The operation condition of phase change heat storage air source heat pump system is stable, and the system performance is significantly improved.
Evaluation of Regional Rural e-Commerce Development Potential with Intuitive Fuzzy Information Theory
Authors: Yang Tao
Published: August 2022

In recent years, China’s Internet industry has developed rapidly, and the Internet has penetrated into all aspects of people’s daily lives. As an emerging transaction model, rural e-commerce is an important channel for precise poverty alleviation. To be specific, rural e-commerce can greatly change the lives of rural people in one way or other ways, thus allowing rural consumers to purchase high-quality and inexpensive goods without having to leave home. In other words, the introduction of national e-commerce into rural areas has changed the lifestyle of rural residents, providing them with great convenience in their daily lives. According to statistics, the level of rural e-commerce development in coastal areas is much higher than that in the mainland, while inland areas are hesitant to develop. Rural areas are a crucial component of Chinese society, and the rural economy is also the main driving force of China’s agricultural economy. In an environment where e-commerce is gradually penetrating various fields, the development of rural e-commerce in China has become more urgent with the new and growing rural demand. To be specific, the development of rural e-commerce has become a hot topic in recent years, and it is necessary to gather efforts from all sides to explore and innovate, so as to promote the healthy and orderly growth of rural e-commerce in China. As one of the effective ways to solve the problems of agricultural industry development and farmers’ affluence, rural e-commerce has played an increasingly obvious role in industrial development, poverty alleviation, employment, and solving the problems of selling agricultural products. At the same time, the proportion of national online sales of agricultural products is also increasing year by year. Many rural areas have abundant natural resources, rich history and culture, and a pleasant ecological environment. As a result, a great number of rural areas are well suited for e-commerce development in terms of the overall environment and physical resources. In recent years, the development of rural e-commerce in China has been very rapid, but it has also revealed many problems. Therefore, an in-depth study of the regional factors affecting the development of rural e-commerce is helpful to provide a reference for its better development. Based on the analysis of the current situation of rural e-commerce development, this study collects and organizes the indexes of influencing factors of rural e-commerce. The index system of influencing factors of rural e-commerce development is constructed through data collection and so on. After that, this study adopts the regional fuzzy information theory to evaluate the potential of rural e-commerce development, so as to obtain the main influencing factors of rural e-commerce development.
Packaging Design Based on Deep Learning and Image Enhancement
Authors: Liu Jinping
Published: August 2022

Packaging design is an important part of product design. How to improve the efficiency of packaging design is a problem that must be considered in product design. Existing packaging design methods require a lot of human and material resources. In view of this situation, this paper proposes a packaging design method based on deep learning. This paper innovatively proposes a packaging design model based on deep convolution generative adversarial networks (DCGAN). This paper constructs a dataset of packaging design schemes and trains the proposed DCGAN model. The results show that the packaging design generated by the model proposed in this paper can get a score similar to that of the expert design scheme, which proves the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed model. In addition, in order to further improve the imaging quality of packaging design images, this paper proposes a packaging design image enhancement method based on visual communication technology. The packaging design image enhancement processing is carried out through the guided filtering method, and the visual communication optimization and edge pixel fusion methods are used to decompose the multidimensional scale features of the packaging design image under the visual communication technology to realize the packaging design image enhancement processing. The simulation results show that the method used for packaging design image enhancement processing has better visual communication ability, higher degree of image information fusion, and improved packaging design effect.
Rosin Derivative IDOAMP Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth via Activating RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL Signaling Pathway
Authors: Xu Hong , Zeng Xingkai , Wei Xuecheng , Xue Zhongfeng , Chen Naiwen , Zhu Wei , Xie Wenhua , He Yi
Published: August 2022

Rosin derivatives such as dehydroabietic acid and dehydroabietic amine belonging to diterpenoids have similar structure with androgen that inhibited the occurrence and development of prostate cancer. In this study, the effects and possible mechanism of the rosin derivative IDOAMP on prostate cancer were investigated. Our results showed that IDOAMP effectively inhibited cell viabilities of LNCaP, PC3, and DU145 prostate cells. After the treatment with IDOAMP, the levels of cleaved-PARP, LC3BII/I, and HMGB1 were increased, whereas the expression of GPX4 was decreased. Interestingly, cell viability was reversed by the supplements of necrostatin-1 and necrosulfonamide. Meanwhile, the IDOAMP downregulated the expression of human Aurora kinase A that was overexpressed in prostate cancer. In addition, co-IP results showed that IDOAMP inhibited the binding of Aurora kinase A to the receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3. However, the binding of RIPK1 to FADD, RIPK3, or MLKL was significantly promoted. Further studies showed that the phosphorylation levels of RIPK1, RIPK, and MLKL were increased in a concentration-dependent manner. In in vivo model, IDOAMP reduced the tumor volumes and weights. In conclusion, IDOAMP directly inhibited Aurora kinase A and promoted the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL necrosome activation to inhibit the prostate cancer.
Evaluation and Application of College English Mixed Flipping Classroom Teaching Quality Based on the Fuzzy Judgment Model
Authors: Gao Xiaoyan
Published: August 2022

With the development of big data technology, there are more and more evaluation models for college English teaching quality, which can better promote the improvement of college English teaching quality. Based on the fuzzy decision model, this paper describes the algorithm establishment process of the model in detail. Then, the fuzzy evaluation model between teachers and students according to different grades is established. Finally, aiming at the problems in college English teaching, this paper obtained the corresponding countermeasures for the college English teaching platform based on fuzzy judgment model. The results indicate the model improves the quality of college English teaching in different grades and promotes the development of college English. In addition, the model platform can also well predict the measures to improve the quality. In short, this paper provides some theoretical and experimental support for the quality of college English hybrid flipping classroom.
Obstruktive Schlafapnoe: Modell zur Vorhersage des Loop Gains aus polysomnographischen Routinedaten
Authors: Galetke Wolfgang
Published: August 2022

Background: High loop gain (unstable ventilatory control) is an important – but difficult to measure – contributor to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pathogenesis, predicting OSA sequelae and/or treatment response. Our objective was to develop and validate a clinical prediction tool of loop gain. Methods: A retrospective cohort of consecutive adults with OSA (apnea–hypopnea index, AHI > 5/hour) based on in-laboratory polysomnography 01/2017–12/2018 was randomly split into a training and test-set (3:1-ratio). Using a customized algorithm («reference standard») loop gain was quantified from raw polysomnography signals on a continuous scale and additionally dichotomized (high > 0.7). Candidate predictors included general patient characteristics and routine polysomnography data. The model was developed (training-set) using linear regression with backward selection (tenfold cross-validated mean square errors); the predicted loop gain of the final linear regression model was used to predict loop gain class. More complex, alternative models including lasso regression or random forests were considered but did not meet pre-specified superiority-criteria. Final model performance was validated on the test-set. Results: The total cohort included 1055 patients (33% high loop gain). Based on the final model, higher AHI (beta = 0.0016; P < .001) and lower hypopnea-percentage (beta = -0.0019; P < .001) predicted higher loop gain values. The predicted loop gain showed moderate-to-high correlation with the reference loop gain (r = 0.48; 95% CI 0.38–0.57) and moderate discrimination of patients with high versus low loop gain (area under the curve = 0.73; 95% CI 0.67–0.80). Conclusion: To our knowledge this is the first prediction model of loop gain based on readily-available clinical data, which may facilitate retrospective analyses of existing datasets, better patient selection for clinical trials and eventually clinical practice.
Kleine Atemwege: Nicht nur Luftkanäle – pathophysiologische Aspekte und klinische Implikationen
Authors: Frizzelli Annalisa , Nicolini Gabriele , Chetta Alfredo
Published: August 2022

Atemwege mit einem Durchmesser von weniger als 2 mm werden als kleine Atemwege bezeichnet. Sie sind essenziell für den Transport und Austausch von Sauerstoff und Kohlendioxid und spielen gleichzeitig eine wichtige Rolle in der Lungenmechanik und tragen zur Unterteilung des Lungenvolumens bei. Die Messung der Funktion der kleinen Atemwege ist daher bei Patienten mit Atemwegs­erkrankungen von entscheidender Bedeutung. Dieser Überblick konzentriert sich auf die physiologischen Aspekte der kleinen Atemwege, die sowohl als Luftkanäle als auch als Determinanten der Lungenmechanik betrachtet werden, den gebräuchlichsten Instrumenten zur Bewertung ihrer Funktion und Behandlungsimplikationen.
Estudos isotópicos para definir os períodos de ocupação do sítio Arapuan: a datação e a paleodieta
Authors: Cunha Luiz Octavio de C. , Salles Adilson Dias , Bastos Murilo Q. R. , Rodrigues-Carvalho Claudia
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste estudo é ampliar as discussões sobre a ocupação do Sambaqui Arapuan, localizado no litoral do estado do Rio de Janeiro, a partir de dados pontuais obtidos pela análise de isótopos estáveis e radiocarbono de dois indivíduos recuperados no sítio. Existem poucos dados a respeito da estratigrafia dos remanescentes humanos recuperados neste sítio e poucas datações, limitando o entendimento do processo de utilização do espaço sincrônica e diacronicamente. Uma revisitação dos elementos e dados coletados possibilitou a identificação de dois indivíduos, localizados no topo e na base do sítio, os quais foram submetidos à datação e análise isotópica (carbono e nitrogênio). Os resultados sugerem que o local teria sido usado como espaço funerário durante a ocupação dos construtores de sambaqui e no início do período colonial. Os dados isotópicos do indivíduo pré-colonial são compatíveis com uma subsistência marinha. Já o indivíduo atribuído ao período colonial apresenta um perfil sugestivo de que a caça de animais e o consumo de vegetais teriam sido mais relevantes para ele. Tais dados, ainda que pontuais, levantam questionamentos e demandam novas investigações, quer sobre a temporalidade de uso dos espaços funerários, quer sobre as discussões relativas ao colapso das sociedades construtoras de sambaquis e suas relações com seus sucessores.
As estradas e caminhos pré-colombianos dos sítios do tipo geoglifos no estado do Acre: o complexo viário do sítio Tequinho
Authors: Souza Rubens Barros de
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho priorizou estudar as estradas e caminhos que estão interligados aos sítios do tipo geoglifos na Amazônia Ocidental brasileira, não só pelo fato de seu ineditismo, mas também na tentativa de entender algumas questões que permeiam o universo dos geoglifos, como por exemplo, como se dava a distribuição espacial dessas vias na região, que significado essas tinham dentro do contexto sociocultural dessa sociedade. Para uma análise mais detalhada, foi utilizado o sítio Tequinho como objeto principal para a pesquisa, sendo suas características e localização o que mais contribuiu para a sua escolha, haja vista que esse se encontra no centro da região de ocorrência dos geoglifos, e várias estradas e caminhos estão ligadas ao sítio, e são perceptíveis na paisagem. O sítio Tequinho é entendido como um centro público de eventos culturais e religiosos, e suas estradas e caminhos são vistas como adereços centrais em cerimônias ritualísticas, bem como marcadoras e delimitadoras na paisagem. Neste trabalho também é abordado a importância do rio Iquiri, que de certo, fez parte do contexto de uma malha terrestre-fluvial na região dos geoglifos, no leste do Estado do Acre, Brasil. No decorrer deste trabalho foram utilizadas fontes etno-históricas como referencial teórico, bem como a perspectiva da arqueologia da paisagem.
Expression of CD70 Modulates Nitric Oxide and Redox Status in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Pandey Arvind K. , Waldeck-Weiermair Markus , Wells Quinn S. , Xiao Wusheng , Yadav Shambhu , Eroglu Emrah , Michel Thomas , Loscalzo Joseph
Published: August 2022

Background:

Endothelial dysfunction is a critical component in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and is closely associated with nitric oxide (NO) levels and oxidative stress. Here, we report on novel findings linking endothelial expression of CD70 (also known as CD27 ligand) with alterations in NO and reactive oxygen species.

Methods:

CD70 expression was genetically manipulated in human aortic and pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Intracellular NO and hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) were measured using genetically encoded biosensors, and cellular phenotypes were assessed.

Results:

An unbiased phenome-wide association study demonstrated that polymorphisms in CD70 associate with vascular phenotypes. Endothelial cells treated with CD70-directed short-interfering RNA demonstrated impaired wound closure, decreased agonist-stimulated NO levels, and reduced eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) protein. These changes were accompanied by reduced NO bioactivity, increased 3-nitrotyrosine levels, and a decrease in the eNOS binding partner heat shock protein 90. Following treatment with the thioredoxin inhibitor auranofin or with agonist histamine, intracellular H
2
O
2
levels increased up to 80% in the cytosol, plasmalemmal caveolae, and mitochondria. There was increased expression of NADPH oxidase 1 complex and gp91phox; expression of copper/zinc and manganese superoxide dismutases was also elevated. CD70 knockdown reduced levels of the H
2
O
2
scavenger catalase; by contrast, glutathione peroxidase 1 expression and activity were increased. CD70 overexpression enhanced endothelial wound closure, increased NO levels, and attenuated the reduction in eNOS mRNA induced by TNFα.

Conclusions:

Taken together, these data establish CD70 as a novel regulatory protein in endothelial NO and reactive oxygen species homeostasis, with implications for human vascular disease.
Effects of Objective and Perceived Social Isolation on Cardiovascular and Brain Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Cené Crystal W. , Beckie Theresa M. , Sims Mario , Suglia Shakira F. , Aggarwal Brooke , Moise Nathalie , Jiménez Monik C. , Gaye Bamba , McCullough Louise D. ,   the American Heart Association Social Determinants of Health Committee of the Council on Epidemiology and Prevention and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research; Prevention Science Committee of the Council on Epidemiology and Prevention and Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; and Stroke Council
Published: August 2022

Background

Social isolation, the relative absence of or infrequency of contact with different types of social relationships, and loneliness (perceived isolation) are associated with adverse health outcomes.

Objective

To review observational and intervention research that examines the impact of social isolation and loneliness on cardiovascular and brain health and discuss proposed mechanisms for observed associations.

Methods

We conducted a systematic scoping review of available research. We searched 4 databases, PubMed, PsycInfo, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, and Scopus.

Findings

Evidence is most consistent for a direct association between social isolation, loneliness, and coronary heart disease and stroke mortality. However, data on the association between social isolation and loneliness with heart failure, dementia, and cognitive impairment are sparse and less robust. Few studies have empirically tested mediating pathways between social isolation, loneliness, and cardiovascular and brain health outcomes using appropriate methods for explanatory analyses. Notably, the effect estimates are small, and there may be unmeasured confounders of the associations. Research in groups that may be at higher risk or more vulnerable to the effects of social isolation is limited. We did not find any intervention studies that sought to reduce the adverse impact of social isolation or loneliness on cardiovascular or brain health outcomes.

Conclusions

Social isolation and loneliness are common and appear to be independent risk factors for worse cardiovascular and brain health; however, consistency of the associations varies by outcome. There is a need to develop, implement, and test interventions to improve cardiovascular and brain health for individuals who are socially isolated or lonely.
Coupling of the spatial distributions between sMRI and PET reveals the progression of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Zhao Kun , Lin Jiaji , Dyrba Martin , Wang Dong , Che Tongtong , Wu Haoyang , Wang Jingyu , Liu Yong , Li Shuyu
Published: August 2022

Amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and altered brain structure are the most relevant neuroimaging biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, their spatial inconsistency was always confusing and misleading. Furthermore, the relationship between this spatial inconsistency and AD progression is unclear. The current study introduced a regional radiomics similarity network (R2SN) to map structural MRI and Aβ positron emission tomography (PET) images to study their cross-modal interregional coupling. A total of 790 participants (248 normal controls, 390 mild cognitive impaired patients, and 152 AD patients) with their structural MRI and PET images were studied. The results showed that global and regional R2SN coupling significantly decreased according to the severity of cognitive decline, from mild cognitive impairment to AD dementia. The global coupling patterns are discriminative between different APOE ε4, Aβ, and Tau subgroups. R2SN coupling was probed for relationships with neuropsychiatric measures and peripheral biomarkers. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that lower global coupling scores could reveal worse clinical progression of dementia. The R2SN coupling scores derived from the coupling between Aβ and atrophy over individual brain regions could reflect the specific pathway of AD progression, which would be a reliable biomarker for AD.
Tracing the world’s timber: the status of scientific verification technologies for species and origin identification
Authors: Low Melita C. , Schmitz Nele , Boeschoten Laura E. , Cabezas José A. , Cramm Mathias , Haag Volker , Koch Gerald , Meyer-Sand Barbara R.V. , Paredes-Villanueva Kathelyn , Price Erin , Thornhill Andrew H. , Van Brusselen Jo , Zuidema Pieter A. , Deklerck Victor , Dormontt Eleanor E. , Shapcott Alison , Lowe Andrew J.
Published: August 2022

Illegal logging and illegal timber trade is a global problem. Anatomical, genetic, and chemical techniques support illegal logging legislation by verifying the species and geographic origin of timber. In principle, these methods can be used to identify timber species and the origin of harvest, however, the availability of specific tests for important timber species is unclear. We review the status of these methods for the top 322 global priority timber taxa. Our results show that for species identification, reference data exist for 100% of taxa using wood anatomy, 86% using genetics, 41% for using DART TOFMS, and 6% using NIRS. For origin identification, data exist for 24% of taxa, with most studies applying genetic approaches (23%). No studies have developed forensic-ready tests for the global priority timber taxa. The review highlights that the current potential for identifying species is greater than for geographic origin and more research focused on determining the geographical origin of timber is required. Based on the current rate, it will take approx. 27 years to generate geographic data for all 322 priority taxa. Finally, we identify research opportunities to improve global timber tracing efforts. Our findings indicate more research is needed, and quickly so that scientific verification can support regulators to combat illegal logging.
Self-Commentary as Defensive Strategy in the Works of John Tzetzes (d. 1180 CE) and Abū al-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī (d. 1057 CE)
Authors: Blankinship Kevin , Pizzone Aglae
Published: August 2022

Premodern manuscript production was fluid. Books and papers freely changed hands, often against their authors’ wishes. In the absence of copyright laws, certain countermeasures arose. This study considers one of them: self-commentary, meaning an author’s explanations on his own works. The article deals with two cases of medieval self-commentary across linguistic and cultural boundaries: the Arabic author and rationalist Abū al-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī (d. 1057 CE), and the professional Byzantine littérateur John Tzetzes (d. 1180 CE). After an overview of their lives and works, with a focus on the key role of self-explanation, the article considers their respective manuscript cultures, which involved face-to-face educational settings that nonetheless permitted widespread copying. There follows a discussion of textual materiality, which reveals a mutual concern to avoid tampering or misinterpretation. Then, the article shows how both men tried to direct readers by exploiting language’s capacity for multiple meanings. The conclusion ponders the relevance of this study for problems posed by digital book technology.
Zamia orinoquiensis (Zamiaceae, Cycadales), a new species from the western Orinoquía region of Colombia
Authors: CALONJE MICHAEL , BETANCUR JULIO , LINDSTROM ANDERS , LOPEZ-GALLEGO CRISTINA , CASTRO JONATAN , CASTRO CRISTIAN , NIÑO SANTOS MIGUEL , CANELON BARRAEZ DANIELA
Published: August 2022

Zamia orinoquiensis Calonje, Betancur & A.Lindstr., a new species from the western Orinoquía region of Colombia is described and illustrated. The species is segregated from and compared to Z. muricata Willd., the latter which is morphologically recharacterized, illustrated, and recircumscribed to include populations from tropical dry forest and tropical moist forests in the Lara-Falcón Formation and the Cordillera de la Costa natural regions of Venezuela, as well as the Serranía de Macuira in La Guajira, Colombia. Zamia orinoquiensis is morphologically distinguished from Z. muricata by its leaves bearing fewer, coriaceous (vs. papyraceous) leaflets, eophylls with 2 (vs. 4) leaflets, pollen strobili that are brown to reddish brown (vs. cream to tan) with larger microsporophylls bearing more numerous microsporangia, and ovulate strobili that are dark brown to black (vs. dark olive green to olive brown) at maturity.
A new species of Xenasmatella (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from southern China
Authors: LIU ZHAN-BO , YUAN YUAN
Published: August 2022

A new species of Xenasmatella, based on morphology, and molecular analysis (using the nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) dataset), was found growing on the underside of rotten bamboo in Yunnan Province, China. X. roseobubalina is characterized by annual, resupinate basidioma with a pinkish buff hymenophore, a monomitic hyphal system, thin-walled generative hyphae with clamp connections, abundant crystalline matter among the hyphae, the absence of cystidia and cystidioles, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 3.8–5 × 3.3–4 μm. We present the new species with illustrated description and comparisons to closest species as well as a key to the species of Xenasmatella known from China.
Bioceramic Scaffold Materials in Joint Movement Rehabilitation of Patients with Osteoarthritis
Authors: Du Yan , Qing Zhu , Song Xiao-Ying , Okasha Ahmad , Mahgoub Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Arthritis occurs when the bones and joints have focal or degenerative diseases. This can lead to impaired performance and quality of life of the patient. Surgical treatment is used when the bones and joints are worn out or tumors, but often due to incomplete surgery, repeated attacks
will occur. Bioceramic scaffold materials can assist in repairing cartilage tissue defects and, at the same time, contribute to arthritis rehabilitation. Therefore, this article will take this as the starting point of the research and use the new porous nanoceramic scaffold material to study
its effect on joint repair in patients with osteoarthritis. The research results confirmed that the porous nanoceramic scaffold material has good biocompatibility in the treatment.
Biomechanical Characteristics of Maxillary Molar Distalization Using Different Attachments with Clear Aligners: A 3-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Chi Jingwen , Yang Lixia , Liu Yicong , Yang Jianjun , Deng Jing
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to compare the biomechanical characteristics of maxillary teeth in molar distalization with different orthodontic attachments. A 3-dimensional finite model of maxillary molar distalization with clear aligners was generated by computed tomography and contained different
components. Four models—non-attachment (model A), horizontal rectangular attachment (model B), vertical rectangular attachment (model C), and combined attachment (model D)—were set up. The modalities of molar distalization were simulated using a finite element analysis. The results
showed that the minimum displacement (rotation center) of the second molar in models A and B was located at the root furcation. In model C, the minimum displacement was located in the middle third of the palatal root. In model D, the minimum displacement was located at the apical third of
the root. The anchorage teeth in all the four groups tended to have mesial tipping movement. Models B and D had more uniform stress distribution of the periodontal ligament than models A and C. Models with attachment had a larger tooth displacement pattern than that without attachment. Collectively,
if molar distalization is planned before treatment, the appropriate application of attachments can help achieve the desired tooth movements more efficiently.
miR-114 Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulates the Metastasis of Prostate Cancer Cells by Targeting P53 Gene
Authors: Yang Yongkui , Zheng Hong , Tang Jiansheng
Published: August 2022

Prostate cancer (PCa) in the elderly is a malignancy primary to the prostate and a common tumor in the male urogenital line. However, no effective treatment has been developed for prostate cancer. Previous studies have shown that BMSCs-derived miR-114 can inhibit tumor cell development.
Therefore, we intend to determine the role of BMSCs-derived miR-114 and p53 in PCa. Human prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) and BMSCs were inoculated into 12-well plates. After interfering the expression of miR-114 in BMSCs, the culture medium was collected and used to treat LNCaP followed by
analysis of cell behaviors. miR-114 inhibited p53 level in BMSC-derived exosomes, thereby inhibiting the proliferation, invasion and migration of PCa cells, and enhancing cell apoptosis. In conclusion, BMSCs-derived miR-114 inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion and promotes apoptosis
of prostate cancer cells by down-regulating p53.
Exosomal miR-181a-3p Regulates the Anlotinib Resistance of Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Yang Ende , Jing Xin , Zhao Yabo , Zhu Shaojun
Published: August 2022

This study investigates the mechanism of Anlotinib in the treatment of lung cancer drug resistance. A total of 30 lung cancer tissue specimens were retrospectively analyzed and 30 normal lung tissues were included as a control. Real-time PCR detected miR-181a-3p expression along with
analysis of cell viability by MTT assay, cell invasion by transwell, and the exosomal miR-181a-3p/UPR/ERAD signaling pathway. The expression of miR-181a-3p in peripheral blood of lung cancer was increased and the overall survival rate of patients with high miR-181a-3p in exosomes was shorter
than patients with low expression. In A549 and H292 cell lines, anlotinib is added to overexpress exosomal miR-181a-3p, cell viability and invasion were significantly increased. After knocking down exosomal miR-181a-3p, cell viability and invasion were significantly reduced. The expression
of miR-181a-3p is directly regulated by exosomes UPR/ERAD. After overexpression of exosomes miR-181a-3p, the protein levels of UPR and ERAD were significantly reduced and increased after knockdown of exosomes miR-181a-3p. In conclusion, the secretory miR-181a-3p/UPR/ERAD pathway promotes the
proliferation of A549 and H292 cells, regulates the resistance of Anlotinib, and can increase the resistance of lung cancer to Anlotinib by promoting the proliferation signaling pathway, and promote the growth of tumor cells.
Atractylenolide I Inhibits Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis via Blocking the Janus Kinase 2/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Hao Zhiye , Pan Zheng , Qian Wei
Published: August 2022

Bioactive agent Atractylenolide I (AT-1) has been shown to possess therapeutic value for treating various malignancies. The purpose of the current study is to clarify the potential effect of AT-1 on the development of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and to investigate relevant
signaling pathways involved in its mechanism. MTT assay was used to assess the effect of different concentrations of AT-1 on cell survival rate in MCF-10A normal breast epithelial cell line and MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell line. Exogenous IL-6 and WP1066 respectively acted as the agonist and the inhibitor
of JAK2/STAT3. Determination of MDA-MB-231 cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis employed MTT, colony formation assay and TUNEL. Western blotting was conducted to measure the expression of proliferation- and apoptosis-related proteins. The viability of MCF-10A cells was unaffected by
AT-1, whereas in MDA-MB-231 cells the proliferation level was decreased and the apoptosis level was increased after AT-1 treatment. IL-6 partially restored the expression of AT-1-blocked JAK2/STAT3, and WP1066 inhibited JAK2/STAT3 expression in combination with IL-6 and AT-1. Furthermore,
compared with the AT-1 group, co-incubation of IL-6 and AT-1 partially restored the proliferative capacity and reduced the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells, while WP1066 reversed these effects in combination with IL-6 and AT-1. AT-1 suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis in TNBC cells
likely through inhibiting the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The findings from this study may provide guidance for future studies on AT-1 and theoretical basis of AT-1 pharmacological activities.
Long Non-Coding RNA T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma 6 Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells by Down-Regulating miR-665
Authors: Hu Yaofeng , Guo Jing , Jang Hongnan , Liu Ailan , Ma Lijun , Ren Dongliang , Wang Fusheng
Published: August 2022

Breast cancer (BC), which is most commonly seen in women, has become the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States. The number of women dying from BC is increasing every year, especially in the developing countries that fall behind in terms of economy and technologies.
Therefore, it is of great necessity to find potential targets to effectively treat this disease. In this study, RT-qPCR was performed to detect the expressions of TCL6, miR-665, and CD82. CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays were conducted for the assessment of BC cell proliferation. The invasion
and migration of BC cells were detected by transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the combination of TCL6 and miR-665, and the binding of miR-665 and CD82. Moreover, the proliferation and migration of related proteins were measured by
western blot. The results showed that TCL6 was low expressed in BC cells, but overexpression of TCL6 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of BC cells. On the contrary, miR-665 was highly expressed in BC cells, while its expression was negatively correlated with TCL6 as suggested
by RT-qPCR assay. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of TCL6 overexpression on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of BC cells were reversed by miR-665 mimic. Afterwards, the binding sites between miR-665 and CD82 were verified by luciferase reporter assay. Overexpression of TCL6 increased
the level of CD82 in BC cells, but this effect was reversed by miR-665 mimic as well. In conclusion, the present study has presented the fact that TCL6 could enhance the expression of CD82 by down-regulating the expression of miR-665.
Cisplatin and Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibit the Progression of Osteosarcoma via EGFR/P13K/Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wu Hao , Feng Cuijun , Cao Zhilin , Zheng Mingdi , Zhao Zhongyuan , Zhao Yuchi , Zhang Jianzhong , Cheng Gong
Published: August 2022

We attempted to analyze the effects of cisplatin and exogenous hydrogen on the invasion and proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells through EGFR/P13K/Akt signaling pathway. The effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide and cisplatin on the invasion, apoptosis and proliferation of MG-63
cells were detected by transwell chamber invasion experiment, flow cytometry and CCK-8 method. After 24 and 48 hours of drug action, the inhibition rate of cell proliferation was significantly higher than in the combined treatment. The number of cells decreased significantly, compared with
the control group. Western blotting and qRT-PCR showed that the expression of Akt mRNA in MG-63 cells treated with cisplatin+hydrogen sulfide at different concentrations for 48 hours decreased. The expression of Akt, P13K and EGFR were decreased Flow cytometry analysis showed that after the
drug treatment of MG-63 cells, the S phase of cisplatin and cisplatin+exogenous hydrogen concentrations with different prolonged concentrations was significantly shortened phase and the G0/G1 was significantly, and the apoptosis rate of each group was significantly increased. Cisplatin and
exogenous hydrogen sulfide can synergistically inhibit the proliferation and invasion of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells, and regulate the apoptosis mechanism of MG-63 cells through EGFR/P13K/Akt signaling pathway.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) Promote the Repair of Spinal Cord Injury Nerve Cells by Regulating the Toll-Like Receptor 4/Nuclear Transcription Factor-Kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Haiying , Zhang Jie
Published: August 2022

To explore the role of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation and erythropoietin (EPO) in repairing nerve function after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. SCI SD model rats (n = 60) were randomly assigned into control group, BMSCs group, combined group (BMSCs combined
with EPO treatment) with 20 rats in each group followed by analysis of rat nerve function on day 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 after SCI using BBB scoring standard, cell apoptosis by TUNEL kit staining along with detection of NF200 expression. On day 7, 14, and 28 after SCI, BBB scores of BMSCs group
and both the BMSCs group and the combined group had significantly higher BBB scores (P < 0.05), and the combined group had a higher BBB score (P < 0.05). On day 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 after SCI, the apoptosis index of BMSCs group and combination group were significantly reduced
(P < 0.05) with more reduction in combination group than BMSCs group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, BMSCs group and combination group presented increased NF200 expression and BrdU positive rate compared to control group (P < 0.05). In SCI rats, the combined use of BMSCs
transplantation and EPO therapy can effectively reduce cell apoptosis, upregulate neurofilament protein, and effectively promote recovery of nerve function.
Study on the Effects of Melatonin on Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells and Autophagy Protein L Light Chain 3 (LC3)
Authors: Hou Dandan , Shang Sainan , Lv Juan , Wang Shuling
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The aim of this work was to discuss Melatonin’s effects on Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Materials and Methods: Blood and renal tissue were collected, The level of serum creatinine (Scr) was detected, the content of p53 protein
in renal tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry, the expression of p53 protein and autophagy marker protein microtubule associated protein L light chain 3II (LC3II)/LC 3I ratio in renal tissue was detected by WB method, the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells was detected by TUNEL
method, and the morphological changes of renal tissue were observed by light microscope. Results: Scr level and apoptosis cell rate were significantly increased in Model group (P < 0.001), P53 and LC 3II/LC 3I ratio were significantly depressed (P < 0.001). With
MT supplement, Scr level and apoptosis cell rate were significantly depressed (P < 0.05); MT could significantly up-regulate P53 and LC 3II/LC 3I ratio (P < 0.05), MT could improve the pathological changes such as renal tubular epithelial cell fusion and vacuolar degeneration,
and reduce renal tubular injury. Conclusion: MT has a protective effect on cisplatin induced AKI in mice. Its mechanism may be related to up regulating the expression levels of p53 protein and LC 3II/LC 3I ratio.
Role of Tripartite Motif-Containing 3 Protein (TRIM3) in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Its Mechanism
Authors: Wang Mingjun , Ling Chen , Cao Jing , Yin Yufeng , Chang Xin , Wu Jian , Cheng Tao
Published: August 2022

Aim: To discuss TRIM3’s effects and relative mechanisms in RA development. Materials and methods: Using FLS as research object in our study. Present study divided into two steps, first step, discussing TRIM3 depressing effects in normal FLS cell; next, using IL-1β
stimulating to make RA cell model, TRIM3 overexpression in RA model to observe cell biological activities. Measuring IL-6 and TNF-α levels by ELISA kit; evaluating cell proliferation by MTT and EdU assay; relative proteins including TRIM3, TAB2 and NF-κB(p65) proteins
expression using WB method. Results: With TRIM3 knockdown, FLS cell proliferation were significantly increased with IL-6, TNF-α levels significantly up-regulation (P < 0.001, respectively). Meanwhile, TAB2 protein expression significantly depressing and NF-κB(p65)
protein significantly increasing; those were similar as IL-1β stimulating RA cell model in FLS cell line. In RA cell model, transfection TRIM3 in FLS cell, the cell proliferation was significantly depressed with IL-1β, TNF-α levels depressing, and TAB2
protein expression significantly increasing and NF-κB(p65) protein significantly depressing. Conclusion: TRIM3 knockdown might be a result to RA development; with TRIM3 overexpression, RA induced FLS hyperproliferation significantly improved with TAB2 up-regulation and
NF-κB(p65) down-regulation in vitro.
Application of Deep Learning to Understanding ENSO Dynamics
Authors: Shin Na-Yeon , Ham Yoo-Geun , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Cho Minsu , Kug Jong-Seong
Published: August 2022

Many deep learning technologies have been applied to the Earth sciences. Nonetheless, the difficulty in interpreting deep learning results still prevents their applications to studies on climate dynamics. Here, we applied a convolutional neural network to understand El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics from long-term climate model simulations. The deep learning algorithm successfully predicted ENSO events with a high correlation skill (∼0.82) for a 9-month lead. For interpreting deep learning results beyond the prediction, we present a “contribution map” to estimate how much the grid box and variable contribute to the output and “contribution sensitivity” to estimate how much the output variable is changed to the small perturbation of the input variables. The contribution map and sensitivity are calculated by modifying the input variables to the pretrained deep learning, which is quite similar to the occlusion sensitivity. Based on the two methods, we identified three precursors of ENSO and investigated their physical processes with El Niño and La Niña development. In particular, it is suggested here that the roles of each precursor are asymmetric between El Niño and La Niña. Our results suggest that the contribution map and sensitivity are simple approaches but can be a powerful tool in understanding ENSO dynamics and they might be also applied to other climate phenomena.
Adaptive Blending of Probabilistic Precipitation Forecasts with Emphasis on Calibration and Temporal Forecast Consistency
Authors: Rempel Martin , Schaumann Peter , Hess Reinhold , Schmidt Volker , Blahak Ulrich
Published: August 2022

A wealth of forecasting models is available for operational weather forecasting. Their strengths often depend on the lead time considered, which generates the need for a seamless combination of different forecast methods. The combined and continuous products are made in order to retain or even enhance the forecast quality of the individual forecasts and to extend the lead time to potentially hazardous weather events. In this study, we further improve an artificial neural network–based combination model that was recently proposed in a previous paper. This model combines two initial precipitation ensemble forecasts and produces exceedance probabilities for a set of thresholds for hourly precipitation amounts. Both initial forecasts perform differently well for different lead times, whereas the combined forecast is calibrated and outperforms both initial forecasts with respect to various validation scores and for all considered lead times (from +1 to +6 h). Moreover, the robustness of the combination model is tested by applying it to a new dataset and by evaluating the spatial and temporal consistency of its forecasts. The changes proposed further improve the forecast quality and make it more useful for practical applications. Temporal consistency of the combined product is evaluated using a flip-flop index. It is shown that the combination provides a higher persistence with decreasing lead times compared to both input systems.
Corrected ERA5 Precipitation by Machine Learning Significantly Improved Flow Simulations for the Third Pole Basins
Authors: Sun He , Yao Tandong , Su Fengge , He Zhihua , Tang Guoqiang , Li Ning , Zheng Bowen , Huang Jingheng , Meng Fanchong , Ou Tinghai , Chen Deliang
Published: August 2022

Precipitation is one of the most important atmospheric inputs to hydrological models. However, existing precipitation datasets for the Third Pole (TP) basins show large discrepancies in precipitation magnitudes and spatiotemporal patterns, which poses a great challenge to hydrological simulations in the TP basins. In this study, a gridded (10 km × 10 km) daily precipitation dataset is constructed through a random-forest-based machine learning algorithm (RF algorithm) correction of the ERA5 precipitation estimates based on 940 gauges in 11 upper basins of TP for 1951–2020. The dataset is evaluated by gauge observations at point scale and is inversely evaluated by the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model linked with a glacier melt algorithm (VIC-Glacier). The corrected ERA5 (ERA5_cor) agrees well with gauge observations after eliminating the severe overestimation in the original ERA5 precipitation. The corrections greatly reduce the original ERA5 precipitation estimates by 10%–50% in 11 basins of the TP and present more details on precipitation spatial variability. The inverse hydrological model evaluation demonstrates the accuracy and rationality, and we provide an updated estimate of runoff components contribution to total runoff in seven upper basins in the TP based on the VIC-Glacier model simulations with the ERA5_cor precipitation. This study provides good precipitation estimates with high spatiotemporal resolution for 11 upper basins in the TP, which are expected to facilitate the hydrological modeling and prediction studies in this high mountainous region.

Significance Statement

The Third Pole (TP) is the source of water to the people living in the areas downstream. Precipitation is the key driver of the terrestrial hydrological cycle and the most important atmospheric input to land surface hydrological models. However, none of the current precipitation data are equally good for all the TP basins because of high variabilities in their magnitudes and spatiotemporal patterns, posing a great challenge to the hydrological simulation. Therefore, in this study, a gridded daily precipitation dataset (10 km × 10 km) is reconstructed through a random-forest-based machine learning algorithm correction of ERA5 precipitation estimates based on 940 gauges in 11 TP basins for 1951–2020. The data eliminate the severe overestimation of original ERA5 precipitation estimates and present more reasonable spatial variability, and also exhibit a high potential for hydrological application in the TP basins. This study provides long-term precipitation data for climate and hydrological studies and a reference for deriving precipitation in high mountainous regions with complex terrain and limited observations.