bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why Cover? An Ethnographic Exploration of Identity Politics Surrounding 'Covers' and 'Originals' Music in Dunedin, New Zealand
Authors: McMillan Paul Andrew
Published: February 2016

This paper explores the identity of musicians located in Dunedin, New Zealand (NZ), whom are both ‘covers’ musicians, as well as members of the notable indie rock-oriented ‘originals’ community. It specifically reviews the tensions concerning musicians’ identity in relation to their practice of performing covers, which carries preconceptions (from the public and other musicians) concerning a lack of artistic integrity. Drawing on participant-observation ethnographic research, this paper critically reviews extant literature on cover music which tends to emphasise the “song” over the practice of covering (Magnus, Magnus and Uidhir 2013, Cusic 2005, Gregory 2012, Brown 2014, Rings 2013, 2014, and Solis 2010), including the idea of the cover as “versioning practice” (Solis 2010), and the monolithic idea of the “mimic cover” (Magnus, Magnus and Uidhir 2013). The literature generally does not address issues of cover-practitioner’s identity, nor how the practice of covering impacts on musician’s originals music making. My analysis is also informed by literature on Dunedin music making – specifically research that focusses on the historically significant ‘Dunedin Sound’ originals scene. I argue that through covering, Dunedin musicians contradict dominant identifications that have been previously emphasised in both the literature and mediatised representations of the musical scene of Dunedin, NZ, and subvert traditional positionings of Dunedin musical artists by formulating and expressing a complex identity. The participants I interviewed for this research clearly identify that their covering directly support their originals pursuits in multifarious ways. Participants also identify a stigma associated with covering, and reinforce this by emphasising their own desire to perform originals, and thus highlight the key concepts that underpin the identity politics among musicians in this context.
Whiteness With(out) Borders: Translocal narratives of whiteness in heavy metal scenes in Norway, South Africa and Australia.
Authors: Hoad Catherine
Published: February 2016

This article discusses how narratives of white masculine identity have been deployed in nation-specific ways within heavy metal scenes in Norway, South Africa and Australia. While heavy metal's global spread has allowed more diverse aesthetics to emerge, within these nations it has also constructed rigid boundaries of community tied both historically and contemporaneously to whiteness. This article interrogates how the dominant practices of three heavy metal scenes affirm an ‘originary’ whiteness that erases its migratory and/or colonial status. In this article I investigate the processes through which discourses of whiteness and white masculinity are translocated and translated from one context to another, enabling spaces of both negotiation and resistance. I address how national heavy metal scenes negotiate these intersections of musicality, whiteness and nationhood in ways that may explore new possibilities for white masculine identities, while also reproducing a rigid politics of power, privilege and exclusion.
Compressive sensing with a spherical microphone array
Authors: Fernandez-Grande Efren , Xenaki Angeliki
Published: March 2016

A wave expansion method is proposed in this work, based on measurements with a spherical microphone array, and formulated in the framework provided by Compressive Sensing. The method promotes sparse solutions via ℓ1-norm minimization, so that the measured data are represented by few basis functions. This results in fine spatial resolution and accuracy. This publication covers the theoretical background of the method, including experimental results that illustrate some of the fundamental differences with the “conventional” least-squares approach. The proposed methodology is relevant for source localization, sound field reconstruction, and sound field analysis.
Biopharmaceutical Characterization of Nebulized Antimicrobial Agents in Rats. 4. Aztreonam
Authors: Marchand Sandrine , Grégoire Nicolas , Brillault Julien , Lamarche Isabelle , Gobin Patrice , Couet William
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study was to determine aztreonam (ATM) membrane permeability using Calu-3 cells and its plasma and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (ELF) pharmacokinetics in rats after intratracheal nebulization and intravenous administration (15 mg · kg
−1
). ATM exhibits low Calu-3 permeability (0.07 ± 0.02 × 10
−6
cm · s
−1
), and a high area under the ELF/unbound plasma concentration time curve between 0 and infinity (AUC
ELF
/AUC
u,plasma
) ratio of 1,069 was observed after nebulization in rats. These results confirm that ATM is a low-permeability molecule and a good candidate for nebulization.
Aminoglycosides for Treatment of Bacteremia Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Shields Ryan K. , Clancy Cornelius J. , Press Ellen G. , Nguyen M. Hong
Published: March 2016

Aminoglycoside treatment of carbapenem-resistant (CR)Klebsiella pneumoniaebacteremia was associated with a 70% rate (23/33) of 30-day survival. Successful treatment was associated with sources of bacteremia amenable to reliable aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics (P= 0.037), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) scores of <20 (P= 0.16), and nonfatal underlying diseases (P= 0.015). Success rates were 78% and 100% if ≥2 and all 3 factors were present, respectively. Clinicians may consider the use of aminoglycosides against CRK. pneumoniaebacteremia if strains are susceptible and the sources of infection are amenable to reliable pharmacokinetics.
A First-in-Human Study To Assess the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Monoclonal Antibodies against Human Cytomegalovirus in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Dole Kiran , Segal Florencia Pereyra , Feire Adam , Magnusson Baldur , Rondon Juan C. , Vemula Janardhana , Yu Jing , Pang Yinuo , Pertel Peter
Published: March 2016

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can cause significant disease in immunocompromised patients and treatment options are limited by toxicities. CSJ148 is a combination of two anti-HCMV human monoclonal antibodies (LJP538 and LJP539) that bind to and inhibit the function of viral HCMV glycoprotein B (gB) and the pentameric complex, consisting of glycoproteins gH, gL, UL128, UL130, and UL131. Here, we evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a single intravenous dose of LJP538 or LJP539 or their combination in healthy volunteers. Adverse events and laboratory abnormalities occurred sporadically with similar incidence between antibody and placebo groups and without any apparent relationship to dose. No subject who received antibody developed a hypersensitivity, infusion-related reaction or anti-drug antibodies. After intravenous administration, both LJP538 and LJP539 demonstrated typical human IgG1 pharmacokinetic properties, with slow clearances, limited volumes of distribution, and long terminal half-lives. The pharmacokinetic parameters were linear and dose proportional for both antibodies across the 50-fold range of doses evaluated in the study. There was no apparent impact on pharmacokinetics when the antibodies were administered alone or in combination. CSJ148 and the individual monoclonal antibodies were safe and well tolerated, with pharmacokinetics as expected for human immunoglobulin.
Novobiocin Susceptibility of MukBEF-Deficient Escherichia coli Is Combinatorial with Efflux and Resides in DNA Topoisomerases
Authors: Petrushenko Zoya M. , Zhao Hang , Zgurskaya Helen I. , Rybenkov Valentin V.
Published: March 2016

Condensins play a key role in the global organization of bacterial chromosomes. In
Escherichia coli
, the inactivation of its sole condensin MukBEF induces severe growth defects and renders cells hypersusceptible to novobiocin. We report here that this hypersusceptibility can be observed in TolC-deficient cells and is therefore unrelated to multidrug efflux. We further show that mutations in MukE that impair its focal subcellular localization potentiate novobiocin and that the extent of the potentiation correlates with the residual activity of MukE. Finally, both DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV might partially complement novobiocin susceptibility in a temperature-dependent manner. These data indicate that the observed antibiotic susceptibility resides in both type II DNA topoisomerases and is efflux independent. Furthermore, novobiocin susceptibility is associated with the activity of MukBEF and can be induced by its partial inactivation, which makes the protein a plausible target for inhibition.
Lactobacilli Reduce Helicobacter pylori Attachment to Host Gastric Epithelial Cells by Inhibiting Adhesion Gene Expression
Authors: de Klerk Nele , Maudsdotter Lisa , Gebreegziabher Hanna , Saroj Sunil D. , Eriksson Beatrice , Eriksson Olaspers Sara , Roos Stefan , Lindén Sara , Sjölinder Hong , Jonsson Ann-Beth
Published: March 2016

The human gastrointestinal tract, including the harsh environment of the stomach, harbors a large variety of bacteria, of which
Lactobacillus
species are prominent members. The molecular mechanisms by which species of lactobacilli interfere with pathogen colonization are not fully characterized. In this study, we aimed to study the effect of lactobacillus strains upon the initial attachment of
Helicobacter pylori
to host cells. Here we report a novel mechanism by which lactobacilli inhibit adherence of the gastric pathogen
H. pylori
. In a screen with
Lactobacillus
isolates, we found that only a few could reduce adherence of
H. pylori
to gastric epithelial cells. Decreased attachment was not due to competition for space or to lactobacillus-mediated killing of the pathogen. Instead, we show that lactobacilli act on
H. pylori
directly by an effector molecule that is released into the medium. This effector molecule acts on
H. pylori
by inhibiting expression of the adhesin-encoding gene
sabA
. Finally, we verified that inhibitory lactobacilli reduced
H. pylori
colonization in an
in vivo
model. In conclusion, certain
Lactobacillus
strains affect pathogen adherence by inhibiting
sabA
expression and thereby reducing
H. pylori
binding capacity.
Carbon Fixation Driven by Molecular Hydrogen Results in Chemolithoautotrophically Enhanced Growth of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Kuhns Lisa G. , Benoit Stéphane L. , Bayyareddy Krishnareddy , Johnson Darryl , Orlando Ron , Evans Alexandra L. , Waldrop Grover L. , Maier Robert J.
Published: March 2016

A molecular hydrogen (H
2
)-stimulated, chemolithoautotrophic growth mode for the gastric pathogen
Helicobacter pylori
is reported. In a culture medium containing peptides and amino acids, H
2
-supplied cells consistently achieved 40 to 60% greater growth yield in 16 h and accumulated 3-fold more carbon from [
14
C]bicarbonate (on a per cell basis) in a 10-h period than cells without H
2
. Global proteomic comparisons of cells supplied with different atmospheric conditions revealed that addition of H
2
led to increased amounts of hydrogenase and the biotin carboxylase subunit of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) carboxylase (ACC), as well as other proteins involved in various cellular functions, including amino acid metabolism, heme synthesis, or protein degradation. In agreement with this result, H
2
-supplied cells contained 3-fold more ACC activity than cells without H
2
. Other possible carbon dioxide (CO
2
) fixation enzymes were not up-expressed under the H
2
-containing atmosphere. As the gastric mucus is limited in carbon and energy sources and the bacterium lacks mucinase, this new growth mode may contribute to the persistence of the pathogen
in vivo
. This is the first time that chemolithoautotrophic growth is described for a pathogen.

IMPORTANCE
Many pathogens must survive within host areas that are poorly supplied with carbon and energy sources, and the gastric pathogen
Helicobacter pylori
resides almost exclusively in the nutritionally stringent mucus barrier of its host. Although this bacterium is already known to be highly adaptable to gastric niches, a new aspect of its metabolic flexibility, whereby molecular hydrogen use (energy) is coupled to carbon dioxide fixation (carbon acquisition) via a described carbon fixation enzyme, is shown here. This growth mode, which supplements heterotrophy, is termed chemolithoautotrophy and has not been previously reported for a pathogen.
Friendly Fire: Biological Functions and Consequences of Chromosomal Targeting by CRISPR-Cas Systems
Authors: Heussler Gary E. , O'Toole George A.
Published: March 2016

C
lustered
r
egularly
i
nterspaced
s
hort
p
alindromic
r
epeat (
C
RISPR)-
as
sociated (Cas) systems in bacteria and archaea target foreign elements, such as bacteriophages and conjugative plasmids, through the incorporation of short sequences (termed spacers) from the foreign element into the CRISPR array, thereby allowing sequence-specific targeting of the invader. Thus, CRISPR-Cas systems are typically considered a microbial adaptive immune system. While many of these incorporated spacers match targets on bacteriophages and plasmids, a noticeable number are derived from chromosomal DNA. While usually lethal to the self-targeting bacteria, in certain circumstances, these self-targeting spacers can have profound effects in regard to microbial biology, including functions beyond adaptive immunity. In this minireview, we discuss recent studies that focus on the functions and consequences of CRISPR-Cas self-targeting, including reshaping of the host population, group behavior modification, and the potential applications of CRISPR-Cas self-targeting as a tool in microbial biotechnology. Understanding the effects of CRISPR-Cas self-targeting is vital to fully understanding the spectrum of function of these systems.
Functional Role of N- and C-Terminal Amino Acids in the Structural Subunits of Colonization Factor CS6 Expressed by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Debnath Anusuya , Sabui Subrata , Wajima Takeaki , Hamabata Takashi , Banerjee Rajat , Chatterjee Nabendu Sekhar
Published: March 2016

CS6 is a common colonization factor expressed by enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
. It is a two-subunit protein consisting of CssA and CssB in an equal stoichiometry, assembled via the chaperone-usher pathway into an afimbrial, oligomeric assembly on the bacterial cell surface. A recent structural study has predicted the involvement of the N- and C-terminal regions of the CS6 subunits in its assembly. Here, we identified the functionally important residues in the N- and C-terminal regions of the CssA and CssB subunits during CS6 assembly by alanine scanning mutagenesis. Bacteria expressing mutant proteins were tested for binding with Caco-2 cells, and the results were analyzed with respect to the surface expression of mutant CS6. In this assay, many mutant proteins were not expressed on the surface while some showed reduced expression. It appeared that some, but not all, of the residues in both the N and C termini of CssA and CssB played an important role in the intermolecular interactions between these two structural subunits, as well as chaperone protein CssC. Our results demonstrated that T20, K25, F27, S36, Y143, and V147 were important for the stability of CssA, probably through interaction of CssC. We also found that I22, V29, and I33 of CssA and G154, Y156, L160, V162, F164, and Y165 of CssB were responsible for CssA-CssB intermolecular interactions. In addition, some of the hydrophobic residues in the C terminus of CssA and the N terminus of CssB were involved in the stabilization of higher-order complex formation. Overall, the results presented here might help in understanding the pathway used to assemble CS6 and predict its structure.

IMPORTANCE
Unlike most other colonization factors, CS6 is nonfimbrial, and in a sense, its subunit composition and assembly are also unique. Here we report that both the N- and C-terminal amino acid residues of CssA and CssB play a critical role in the intermolecular interactions between them and assembly proteins. We found mainly that alternate hydrophobic residues present in these motifs are essential for the interaction between the structural subunits, as well as the chaperone and usher assembly proteins. Our results indicate the involvement of the side chains of identified amino acids in CS6 assembly. This study adds a step toward understanding the interactions between structural subunits of CS6 and assembly proteins during CS6 biogenesis.
Hepatic abscess caused byFusobacterium necrophorumafter a trip to the dentist
Authors: Bytyci Faton , Khromenko Elena
Published: March 2016

A 57-year-old man with no significant medical history was admitted to the hospital, with high-grade fever and right upper quadrant pain. He was found, on abdominal ultrasound, to have a right lobe hepatic cystic lesion. MRI of the abdomen confirmed a hepatic abscess. Cultures obtained under CT guidance showed the abscess to be caused byFusobacterium necrophorum. This is a rare bacterium that can cause potentially fatal liver abscesses. Following drainage and intravenous antibiotic treatment, the patient improved and was discharged on a 4-week antibiotic course. An abdominal CT, performed 6 weeks after discharge, showed total resolution of the abscess. The patient had, 2 weeks prior to the development of the liver abscess, undergone routine dental cleaning. Neither upper respiratory symptoms nor sore throat had been identified prior to the presentation.
Lethal acute liver failure in a patient treated with sunitinib
Authors: Guillen S S , Meijer M , de Jongh F E
Published: March 2016

Sunitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is used as an anticancer drug in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs) and gastrointestinal stromal tumour. Elevated liver enzymes are frequently observed during treatment but acute liver failure is uncommon. We describe a case of fulminant acute liver failure and acute kidney injury during treatment with sunitinib for metastatic RCC.
Systematic review of adherence rates by medication class in type 2 diabetes: a study protocol
Authors: McGovern Andrew , Tippu Zayd , Hinton William , Munro Neil , Whyte Martin , de Lusignan Simon
Published: March 2016

Introduction

Treatment options for type 2 diabetes are becoming increasingly complex with people often prescribed multiple medications, and may include both oral and injectable therapies. There is ongoing debate about which drug classes provide the optimum second-line and third-line treatment options. In the real world, patient adherence and persistence determines medication effectiveness. A better understanding of adherence may help inform the choice of second-line and third-line drug classes.

Methods and analysis

This systematic review will compare adherence and persistence rates across the different classes of medication available to people with type 2 diabetes. It will include all identified studies comparing medication adherence or persistence between two or more glucose-lowering medications in people with type 2 diabetes. Research databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, The Register of Controlled Trials, PsychINFO and CINAHL) will be searched for relevant articles, using a comprehensive search strategy. All identified medication trials and observational studies will be included which compare adherence or persistence across classes of diabetes medication. The characteristics and outcomes of all the included studies will be reported along with a study quality grade, assessed using the Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool. The quality of adjustment for confounders of adherence or persistence will be reported for each study. Where multiple (n ≥3) studies provide compare adherence or persistence across the same 2 medication classes, a meta-analysis will be performed.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethics approval is required. This review and meta-analysis (where possible) will provide important information on the relative patient adherence and persistence, with the different classes of diabetes therapies. Once complete, the results will be made available by peer-reviewed publication.

Trial registration number

CRD42015027865.
A review of stroller-related and pram-related injuries to children in Singapore
Authors: Tripathi Manasvin , Tyebally Arif , Feng Jasmine Xun Yi , Chong Shu-Ling
Published: March 2016

Prams and strollers are commonly used in daily childcare. We aim to study the type and severity of injuries associated with prams and strollers in an Asian population. We performed a retrospective review of children below the age of 6 who presented to a tertiary paediatric hospital in Singapore, from January 2012 to June 2015, with such injuries. There were 248 pram-related and stroller-related injuries. The median age was 12.5 months old. 69 (27.8%) sustained open wounds, 17 (6.9%) suffered fractures or dislocations and 2 children had significant head injuries. 29 patients (11.7%) sustained injuries while on stairs or escalators. Most of the injuries (197 cases, 79.4%) occurred despite adult supervision. The need for intervention was associated with older age and entrapment injuries (p<0.001). Only appropriately sized prams and strollers without exposed hinges should be used. These should not be deployed on stairs and escalators.
Perceptions of music therapy for older people among healthcare professionals
Authors: Khan Waqas Ullah , Mohamad Onn Yap Irin Arina , O'Neill Desmond , Moss Hilary
Published: March 2016

Purpose of study

To investigate the perceptions of healthcare providers on music therapy and their recommendations on wider adoption in a hospital setting.

Design and methods

A qualitative exploratory study employing short semistructured interviews using a thematic analysis method of data analysis.

Intervention

A qualitative exploratory study, employing short semistructured interviews was conducted in March 2015 in an urban teaching hospital to explore healthcare providers’ attitudes towards and recommendations on music therapy. Convenience sampling was used for recruitment of hospital staff from a multidisciplinary geriatric unit. Only staff who had exposure, awareness, or participated in the hospital music therapy programme were asked to partake in an in-depth qualitative interview.

Main findings

Themes emerging reflected a belief among hospital staff that music therapy was of benefit to patients and staff; perceptions of how a hospital music therapy programme should be implemented and a desire for expansion of the music therapy programme throughout the hospital setting.

Principal conclusions

Music therapy is of great importance to patients and healthcare professionals, and thus more attention is warranted to better integrate and advance this programme. This study is important because although numerous studies have examined music therapy from a patient health perspective, no report has analysed the perceptions of healthcare providers on this intervention and their recommendations on further development of music therapy services.
Effect of minor Fe substitution for Ni on the magnetic properties of a Gd55Al20Ni25 bulk metallic glass
Authors: Ding Ding , Li Zheng , Wang Zheng Wen , Wu Cheng , Zhang Yi Qing
Published: March 2016

In this work, we studied the effect of micro-alloying on the glass-forming ability (GFA) and magnetic properties of [Formula: see text] bulk metallic glass (BMG). By minor Fe substitution for Ni, we obtained [Formula: see text] BMG with enhanced magneto-caloric effect (MCE) and GFA similar to [Formula: see text] BMG. The maximum magnetic entropy change [Formula: see text] and the magnetic refrigerant capacity ([Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] BMG within the field range of 5 T are about 9.05 J kg[Formula: see text] K[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, both of which are larger than the values of [Formula: see text] BMG. The mechanism for the improved MCE of the [Formula: see text] BMG was investigated and the magneto-caloric behaviors were studied by constructing the field dependence of [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] BMG.
Effects of Axial Compression Ratio of Central Columns on Seismic Performance of a Multi-Story Underground Structure
Authors: Chen Z. Y. , Chen W. , Zhang W. , Lou M. L.
Published: March 2016

High axial force in central columns induced by strong vertical earthquake component is one of the most important factors in failure of subway stations. In this paper, the pushover method is adopted to simulate nonlinear behaviors of a multi-story subway station in Shanghai with different axial compression ratios through the general purpose finite element code ABAQUS. To simulate concrete material degradation during an earthquake accurately, the concrete damaged plasticity model was selected to trace damage characteristics of central columns. The softening index was used to describe the damage of the overall structure. Numerical results showed that in the structure level, the increase of axial compression ratio leads to the remarkable decrease of the structure ductility. The value of the softening index become less, which implies that the range and magnitude of damage to the structure become less either. However it should be noted that damages may be concentrated on certain members of the structure, such as central columns which are commonly considered to be the weakest but most critical part of an underground structure. In the member level, numerical results also showed that the increase of axial compression ratio led to small eccentric compression failure of central columns and accelerated the development of their compression damage.
Analysis of Transient Thermo-Elastic Problems Using a Cell-Based Smoothed Radial Point Interpolation Method
Authors: Wu Gang , Zhang Jian , Li Yuelin , Yin Lairong , Liu Zhiqiang
Published: March 2016

The transient thermo-elastic problems are solved by a cell-based smoothed radial point interpolation method (CS-RPIM). For this method, the problem domain is first discretized using triangular cells, and each cell is further divided into smoothing cells. The field functions are approximated using RPIM shape functions which have Kronecker delta function property. The system equations are derived using the generalized smoothed Galerkin (GS-Galerkin) weak form. At first, the temperature field is acquired by solving the transient heat transfer problem and it is then employed as an input for the mechanical problem to calculate the displacement and stress fields. Several numerical examples with different kinds of boundary conditions are investigated to verify the accuracy, convergence rate and stability of the present method.
SEBSM-Based Iterative Method for Solving Large Systems of Linear Equations and Its Applications in Engineering Computation
Authors: Hu Jin-Xiu , Gao Xiao-Wei , Yuan Zhi-Chao , Liu Jian , Huang Shi-Zhang
Published: March 2016

In this paper, a new iterative method, for solving sparse nonsymmetrical systems of linear equations is proposed based on the Simultaneous Elimination and Back-Substitution Method (SEBSM), and the method is applied to solve systems resulted in engineering problems solved using Finite Element Method (FEM). First, SEBSM is introduced for solving general linear systems using the direct method. And, then an iterative method based on SEBSM is presented. In the method, the coefficient matrix [Formula: see text] is split into lower, diagonally banded and upper matrices. The iterative convergence can be controlled by selecting a suitable bandwidth of the diagonally banded matrix. And the size of the working array needing to be stored in iteration is as small as the bandwidth of the diagonally banded matrix. Finally, an accelerating strategy for this iterative method is proposed by introducing a relaxation factor, which can speed up the convergence effectively if an optimal relaxation factor is chosen. Two numerical examples are given to demonstrate the behavior of the proposed method.
Multiscale Multiphysics-Based Modeling and Analysis on the Tool Wear in Micro Drilling
Authors: Niu Zhichao , Cheng Kai
Published: March 2016

In micro-cutting processes, process variables including cutting force, cutting temperature and drill-workpiece interfacing conditions (lubrication and interaction, etc.) significantly affect the tool wear in a dynamic interactive in-process manner. The resultant tool life and cutting performance directly affect the component surface roughness, material removal rate and form accuracy control, etc. In this paper, a multiscale multiphysics oriented approach to modeling and analysis is presented particularly on tooling performance in micro drilling processes. The process optimization is also taken account based on establishing the intrinsic relationship between process parameters and cutting performance. The modeling and analysis are evaluated and validated through well-designed machining trials, and further supported by metrology measurements and simulations. The paper is concluded with a further discussion on the potential and application of the approach for broad micro manufacturing purposes.
Measurement of Longitudinal Spin Asymmetries for Weak Boson Production in Polarized Proton-Proton Collisions at STAR
Authors: Zhang Jinlong
Published: March 2016

The production of [Formula: see text] bosons in longitudinally polarized [Formula: see text] collisions is a powerful tool to study the spin-flavor structure of the proton. We report measurements of single- and double-spin asymmetries for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] production in longitudinally polarized proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] GeV at RHIC. The single-spin asymmetry results for [Formula: see text] from data sets collected by STAR experiment in 2011 and 2012 provided new constraints on proton’s polarized sea quark distributions and prefer a sizable value for [Formula: see text] polarization. The status for the analysis of a much larger data set collected by STAR in 2013 will also be given.
Work on the Interplay Among h+, h− and Hadron Pair Transverse Spin Asymmetries in SIDIS
Authors: Bradamante Franco
Published: March 2016

In the fragmentation of a transversely polarized quark a left-right asymmetry, the Collins asymmetry, is expected for each hadron produced in the process [Formula: see text]. Similarly, an asymmetry is also expected for the hadron pair, the dihadron asymmetry. Both asymmetries have been measured to be different from zero on transversely polarised proton targets and have allowed for first extractions of the transversity distributions. From the high statistics COMPASS data we have further investigated these asymmetries getting strong indications that the two mechanisms are driven by a common physical process.
Transverse Single Spin Asymmetry of π0 and η Mesons at RHIC/PHENIX
Authors: Wang Xiaorong
Published: March 2016

We presented measurements of the transverse single spin asymmetries ([Formula: see text]) for neutral [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] meson at forward rapidities and central rapidity with the PHENIX detector at RHIC at 62.4 GeV and 200 GeV. At mid-rapidity, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are reconstructed from di-photon decay. At forward rapidities, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] meson are measured using di-photons decays and electromagnetic clusters due to the photon merging effects are significant for energy [Formula: see text]. The neutral-pion measurement of [Formula: see text] at mid-rapidity is consistent with zero with uncertainties a factor of 20 smaller than previous publications, which will lead to improved constraints on the gluon Sivers function. At higher rapidities, both neutral [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] exhibit sizable asymmetries. The origin of the forward [Formula: see text] is presently not understood quantitatively. We also measured [Formula: see text] meson cross section for [Formula: see text] GeV/c and [Formula: see text]. It is well described by a NLO pQCD calculation.
New Precision Measurement for Proton Zemach Radius with Laser Spectroscopy
Authors: Ma Y. , Ishida K. , Iwasaki M. , Matsuzaki Y. , Oishi Y. , Okada S. , Sato M. , Midorikawa K. , Saito N. , Wada S. , Aikawa S. , Kanda S. , Matsuda Y. , Tanaka K. , Takamine A.
Published: March 2016

In this proceeding, a new proposal aiming to improve the precision of the proton Zemach radius will be presented. A circularly polarized laser will be shed on a sample of muonic hydrogen in its ground state. By observing the maximum muon decay asymmetry during scanning laser wave length, the ground-state hyperfine splitting energy can be identified, which is directly related to Zemach radius.citedupays The precision of Zemach radius by this measurement is estimated to be three times better compared to PSI experiment. This result will contribute to the solution of proton size puzzle.
DVCS at HERMES
Authors: Marukyan Hrachya
Published: March 2016

Deeply virtual Compton scattering process was studied widely at the HERMES experiment through measurements of various cross-section asymmetries. These measurements exploited the rich data collected at HERMES on scattering a longitudinally polarized lepton (electron/positron) beam off unpolarized, longitudinally and transversely polarized hydrogen targets, unpolarized and longitudinally polarized deuterium targets, as well as unpolarized nuclear targets. The operation of a recoil detector during the last two years of HERMES running enabled for the full kinematic reconstruction of the events of exclusively produced real photons and a clean (with a background well below the 1[Formula: see text]) measurement of the beam-helicity asymmetry. Also, first measurement of the beam-helicity asymmetry related to the associated deeply virtual Compton scattering process, where the proton is excited to a [Formula: see text]-resonance state, was possible using the recoil detector information.
Deeply Virtual Pseudoscalar Meson Production at Jefferson Lab and Transversity GPDs
Authors: Kubarovsky Valery
Published: March 2016

The cross section of the exclusive [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] electroproduction reaction [Formula: see text] was measured at Jefferson Lab with a 5.75-GeV electron beam and the CLAS detector. Differential cross sections [Formula: see text] and structure functions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as functions of [Formula: see text] were obtained over a wide range of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The data are compared with the GPD based theoretical models. Analyses find that a large dominance of transverse processes is necessary to explain the experimental results. Generalized form factors of the transversity GPDs [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were directly extracted from the experimental observables for the first time. It was found that GPD [Formula: see text] dominates in pseudoscalar meson production. The combined [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] data opens the way for the flavor decomposition of the transversity GPDs. The first ever evaluation of this decomposition was demonstrated.
Quark Angular Momentum and Gravitational Form Factors
Authors: Liu Tianbo , Ma Bo-Qiang
Published: March 2016

We investigate the quark angular momentum in a light-cone spectator model. The canonical angular momentum sum rule is satisfied in both the scalar and the axial-vector cases. Then we perform a calculation of the gravitational form factors which are expected to be related to the angular momentum of each constituent in this no gauge field model. We find this relation is satisfied for the total angular momentum as a direct conclusion of the momentum fraction sum rule and the anomalous gravitomagnetic moment sum rule, but for each constituent it is violated.
Study of Three-Nucleon Force Effect via Few-Nucleon Scattering
Authors: Wada Yasunori , Sekiguchi Kimiko , Gebauer Uwe , Miyazaki Jumpei , Taguchi Takahiro , Dozono Masanori , Sakai Hideyuki , Sakamoto Naruhiko , Sasano Masaki , Shimizu Yohei , Suzuki Hiroshi , Uesaka Tomohiro , Kawase Shoichiro , Kubota Yuki , Lee Cheong Soo , Tang Tsz Leung , Yako Kentaro , Maeda Yukie , Miki Kenjiro , Okamura Hiroyuki , Sakaguchi Satoshi , Wakasa Tomotsugu
Published: March 2016

A complete set of deuteron analyzing powers for elastic deuteron-proton([Formula: see text]) scattering at 250 and 294 MeV/nucleon has been measured. The obtained data are compared with the Faddeev calculations based on the modern nucleon-nucleon forces together with three-nucleon forces.
Test of Time-Reversal Invariance at COSY (TRIC)
Authors: Eversheim D. , Valdau Yu. , Lorentz B.
Published: March 2016

At the Cooler Synchrotron COSY a novel (P-even, T-odd) null test of time-reversal invariance to an accuracy of 10[Formula: see text] is planned as an internal target transmission experiment. The parity conserving time-reversal violating observable is the total cross-section asymmetry A[Formula: see text]. This quantity is measured using a polarized proton beam with an energy of 135 MeV and an internal tensor polarized deuteron target from the PAX atomic beam source. The reaction rate will be determined by the lifetime of the beam. Consequently, the accuracy of the current measurement of the circulating proton beam is crucial for this experiment. Thus, the cooler synchroton ring serves as an ideal forward spectrometer, as a detector, and an accelerator.
Multiple Tune Jumps to Overcome Horizontal Depolarizing Resonances
Authors: Huang H. , Ahrens L. A. , Bai M. , Brown K. A. , Dutheil Y. , Gardner C. , Glenn J. W. , Lin F. , MacKay W. W. , Meot F. , Poblaguev A. , Ranjbar V. , Roser T. , Schoefer V. , Tepikian S. , Tsoupas N. , Yip K. , Zelenski A. , Zeno K.
Published: March 2016

Imperfection and vertical intrinsic depolarizing resonances have been overcome by the two partial Siberian snakes in the Alternative Gradient Synchrotron(AGS). The relatively weak but numerous horizontal resonances are the main source of polarization loss in the AGS. A pair of horizontal tune jump quads have been used to overcome these weak resonances. The locations of the two quads have to be chosen such that the disturbance to the beam optics is minimum. The emittance growth has to be mitigated for this method to work. In addition, this technique needs very accurate jump timing. Using two partial Siberian snakes, with vertical tune inside the spin tune gap and 80% polarization at AGS injection, polarized proton beam had reached [Formula: see text] proton per bunch with 65% polarization. With the tune jump timing optimized and emittance preserved, more than 70% polarization with 2[Formula: see text] protons per bunch has been achieved.
Immune Tolerance for Autoimmune Disease and Cell Transplantation
Authors: Luo Xunrong , Miller Stephen D. , Shea Lonnie D.
Published: March 2016

The undesired destruction of healthy cells, either endogenous or transplanted, by the immune system results in the loss of tissue function or limits strategies to restore tissue function. Current therapies typically involve nonspecific immunosuppression that may prevent the appropriate response to an antigen, thereby decreasing humoral immunity and increasing the risks of patient susceptibility to opportunistic infections, viral reactivation, and neoplasia. The induction of antigen-specific immunological tolerance to block undesired immune responses to self- or allogeneic antigens, while maintaining the integrity of the remaining immune system, has the potential to transform the current treatment of autoimmune disease and serve as a key enabling technology for therapies based on cell transplantation.
Activities of FCV/Infrastructure Demonstration Program in Japan
Authors: Nagai Yusuke , Ikeda Tetsufumi , Yamanashi Fuminori , Sone Youichi , Hirose Masanori , Abe Tadashi , Okamoto Ayumu , Matsuda Kazuto , Kaneko Shoichi , Ito Hisatoshi
Published: March 2016

The Research Association of Hydrogen Supply/Utilization Technology (HySUT) was established in July 2009 by private companies and organizations with the aim of the commercialization of FCVs and the hydrogen infrastructure. Our objective is to solve the issues of technology, consumer awareness, and social acceptance in order to assist the business establishment through the demonstration. The Japan Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Demonstration Project (JHFC) is a major demonstration program of FCV and hydrogen infrastructure in Japan that began in 2002. We had been operating the technical and social demonstration program called JHFC3 from April 2011 to March 2014 after JHFC1 (2002-2005) and JHFC2 (2006-2010), as a joint research program with New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). We operated 13 hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) in March 2014. 1. Technical and Social Demonstration (JHFC3) We have acquired demonstration data on durability, convenience and practicability of the FCVs and hydrogen infrastructure through the operation of our HRSs serving FCVs and fuel cell buses for the start of commercialization of FCVs. The program was focusing on four technology targets: 1) 70MPa filling technology, 2) Low cost station technology, 3) High frequency operation, 4) Demonstration of total system technology. 2. NEDO’s New Project “Hydrogen utilization technology development” We are now leading five new R&D projects which are essential for the commercialization of HRSs in 2015, such as 1) Fueling, 2) Fueling Hose, 3) Hydrogen Quality Control, 4) Hydrogen Metering, 5) Infrastructure Safety under the NEDO program.
Measurement of Oxygen Partial Pressure in Fuel Electrode of SOFC
Authors: Fujimatsu Rina , Oda Takuya , Kobayashi Makoto , Ohka Hiromasa , Izumi Masaaki
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study is to establish a measurement method of oxygen partial pressure in fuel electrodes of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) to clarify a mass transfer mechanism in SOFCs. A sensor, which was made of a platinum wire coated with zirconia, was inserted into the fuel electrode to measure the oxygen partial pressure. The measured oxygen partial pressure increased with increasing the current density and with decreasing the flow rate of hydrogen at the same current density. Also, the oxygen partial pressure decreased with decreasing the operating temperature. These trends were in agreement with those of simulation results.
Fabrication of Catalyst Layers for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells By Using Electrospray Deposition.
Authors: Yamanaka Tatsuya , Katayama Noboru , Kogoshi Sumio
Published: March 2016

Anion exchange membrane fuel cells have several advantages compared with proton exchange membrane fuel cells such as faster electrochemical reaction process, minimization of the corrosion issues, and enabling to use non platinum group metal as catalyst. On the other hand, electrospray deposition is a suitable way to prepare a nano/micro-structured layer. It is easy to construct, and each particle dropped from the tip of a needle is electrically charged and self-disperses in the space. Droplets deposit on the substrate homogeneously. In this paper, electrospray deposition was used to fabricate the catalyst layers for anion exchange membrane fuel cells. The conditions for electrospray deposition was determined with try and error. Furthermore, the relation of the ratio between carbon and ionomer was investigated to optimize the catalyst ink of fuel cells.
Grasp of Correlation between Degradation Factor and Cell Position of PEFC Stack
Authors: Matsumoto Yuya , Sugiura Kimihiko , Daigo Akihiko , Murakami Tetsuya
Published: March 2016

The cost reduction and the improvement of a life performance are necessary for the dissemination of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC). If the degradation of the fuel cell was able to be diagnosed at the early stage, the life performance can be improved by applying appropriate processing to PEFC. We have been proposing the PEFC Performance Diagnose System (PPDS) which diagnoses the state of each polarization (the resistance polarization, the activation polarization and the diffusion polarization) by analyzing transient response with Turuga Electric Corporation since 2002. Since 2014, the application of our PPDS to a PEFC short stack was tried because it was able to diagnose each degradation factor of a PEFC single cell. As a result, the PPDS not only found out a degradation cell in the four cells short stack but also was able to diagnose the degradation factor of this deteriorated cell. Therefore, this paper aims to grasp the correlation between the degradation factor and the cell position of the PEFC Short Stack using our PPDS, and the PPDS was able to find the unit with the deteriorated cell when it diagnoses each unit composed of four cells in the stack. As a result, because we elucidated the correlation between the degradation factor and the cell position of a stack, we can propose the structure of a PEFC stack where deteriorating is not caused easily. Moreover, we can apply our PPDS as a maintenance device for a fuel cell vehicle and a domestic use fuel cell.
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell: A Cinderella or a Disruptive Low-Carbon Solution?
Authors: Romeri Mario Valentino
Published: March 2016

Today Hydrogen energy vector and Fuel Cells technologies seem to be a Cinderella low-carbon solution in the current energy and transport debate. But in the coming years, hydrogen and fuel cells have the potential to be a disruptive low-carbon solution. In this paper the H2FCPowertrain is considered as power generation plant and the LCOE was compared to costs of traditional power generation technologies with very promising results. The recent historic Paris Agreement is a diplomatic triumph and introduces a new paradigm to a durable global framework to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. In this new global framework it will be useful well explain the advantage to utilize H2FCPowertrain as a power generation plant to all the actors involved in order to offer a new and feasible path to implement the Paris Agreement and to accelerate even more the introduction of this break-through low-carbon solution.
Building a Cost Effective Infrastructure with Green Hydrogen
Authors: Lowe Tim , Madden P D
Published: March 2016

Fuel cells are a growing market as a source of electrical energy, finding their way into numerous applications including our cars and trucks. Most fuel cells operate by converting pure hydrogen and oxygen (air) into electricity. One of the key factors impeding that growth is the lack of a hydrogen production and distribution infrastructure. The US Department of Energy is currently trying to address this issue in the US, particularly to support the recent advent of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV). The US Army Corps of Engineers wrote a report that suggests that fuel cells be used to replace many of the engine-generator sets deployed by the military. The lack of a hydrogen infrastructure worldwide, let alone in theater, has limited the use to all but smaller fuel cells in military applications. This paper will discuss a new modular, scalable technology that can produce hydrogen anywhere from multiple locally available feedstocks. Besides traditional natural gas feedstock used today, this technology can also use renewable feedstocks such as ethanol, methanol, cellulose, wood, grass, corn, municipal solid waste, and other organic or hydrocarbon materials local to the region. This technology does not require large scale, stationary facilities to be economical. The process equipment can be containerized to be readily deployable to the field, scaled to meet the onsite demand. We call this technology Bio Reformation™.