bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is bias correction of regional climate model (RCM) simulations possible for non-stationary conditions?
Authors: Teutschbein C. , Seibert J.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. In hydrological climate-change impact studies, regional climate models (RCMs) are commonly used to transfer large-scale global climate model (GCM) data to smaller scales and to provide more detailed regional information. Due to systematic and random model errors, however, RCM simulations often show considerable deviations from observations. This has led to the development of a number of correction approaches that rely on the assumption that RCM errors do not change over time. It is in principle not possible to test whether this underlying assumption of error stationarity is actually fulfilled for future climate conditions. In this study, however, we demonstrate that it is possible to evaluate how well correction methods perform for conditions different from those used for calibration with the relatively simple differential split-sample test. For five Swedish catchments, precipitation and temperature simulations from 15 different RCMs driven by ERA40 (the 40 yr reanalysis product of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)) were corrected with different commonly used bias correction methods. We then performed differential split-sample tests by dividing the data series into cold and warm respective dry and wet years. This enabled us to cross-evaluate the performance of different correction procedures under systematically varying climate conditions. The differential split-sample test identified major differences in the ability of the applied correction methods to reduce model errors and to cope with non-stationary biases. More advanced correction methods performed better, whereas large deviations remained for climate model simulations corrected with simpler approaches. Therefore, we question the use of simple correction methods such as the widely used delta-change approach and linear transformation for RCM-based climate-change impact studies. Instead, we recommend using higher-skill correction methods such as distribution mapping.
Community concepts in plant ecology: from Humboldtian plant geography to the superorganism and beyond
Authors: Nicolson M.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. The paper seeks to provide an introduction to, and review of, the history of concepts of the plant community. Eighteenth-century naturalists recognised that vegetation was distributed geographically and that different species of plants and animals were interconnected in what would later be called ecological relationships. It was not, however, until the early nineteenth century that the study of vegetation became a distinctive and autonomous form of scientific inquiry. Humboldt was the first to call communities of plants "associations". His programme for the empirical study of plant communities was extended by many European and North American botanists, throughout the nineteenth and into the twentieth century. There developed an almost complete consensus among ecologists that vegetation was made up of natural communities, discrete entities with real boundaries. However, there was little agreement about the nature of the putative unit or how it should be classified. Gleason advanced the alternative view that vegetation was an assemblage of individual plants, with each species being distributed according to its own physiological requirements and competitive interactions. This debate was never wholly resolved and the divergent opinions can be discerned within early ecosystem theory.
A new and fast method to obtain in vitro cultures of Huperzia selago (Huperziaceae) sporophytes, a club moss which is a source of huperzine A
Authors: Szypuła Wojciech J. , Mistrzak Paulina , Olszowska Olga
Published: December 2013

This study presents a protocol for a fast and effective in vitro axenic culture of Huperzia selago (Huperziaceae Rothm.) sporophytes, a club moss which is a source of huperzine A, an alkaloid of a considerable therapeutic potential extensively investigated for its uses as treatment for some neurodegenerative diseases. The proposed procedure allowed approximately tenfold shortening of the species developmental stages with the omission of the gametophyte stage while the sporophyte mass could be increased tenfold within a 6-month period. The cultures were established using vegetative propagules (bulbils) procured from sporophytes growing in the wild without degrading the habitats of this endangered plant species. Explants underwent surface and internal disinfection to eliminate the epiphytic and endophytic bacteria and fungi. In in vitro cultures, the optimum results were achieved using Moore (Mr) medium without growth regulators or supplemented with 0.015 mg/l IBA and 0.3 mg/l kinetin. These media ensured both viability of the propagules and their further development. The biomass growth index for H. selago sporophytes grown from propagules, determined at 3 months of culture (1 passage) on Mr medium with IBA and kinetin was 650%. At 6 months, the biomass growth index increased to 1114%. Vigorous growth of adventitious roots, especially on Mr medium with the addition of 0.25 mg/l NAA, and callus formation on shoot apices were observed. At 6 months of culture, some sporophytes obtained from the bulbils were used as the initiating material for shoot subcultures, which developed best on Mr medium with IBA and kinetin.
Configuration Management Maturity in Scientific Facilities
Authors: Niknam Masoud , Bonnal Pierre , Ovtcharova Jivka
Published: December 2013

Since the effectiveness of the development and operation of scientific facilities (especially those presenting specific hazards, such as ionizing radiations) relies heavily on state of the art practices, such as systems engineering and product lifecycle management, configuration management (CM) is becoming a key management process. However, while some maturity models exist to assess the degree of the implementation and effectiveness of many management processes, such as project management or systems engineering, there is no specific framework available to assess the degree of maturity of an organization towards CM. This paper focuses on revealing the important maturity dimensions and levels for CM as a means towards developing a CM maturity model.
Comparison of Three Smart Camera Architectures for Real-Time Machine Vision System
Authors: Malik Abdul Waheed , Thörnberg Benny , Kumar Prasanna
Published: December 2013

This paper presents a machine vision system for real-time computation of distance and angle of a camera from a set of reference points located on a target board. Three different smart camera architectures were explored to compare performance parameters such as power consumption, frame speed and latency. Architecture 1 consists of hardware machine vision modules modeled at Register Transfer (RT) level and a soft-core processor on a single FPGA chip. Architecture 2 is commercially available software based smart camera, Matrox Iris GT. Architecture 3 is a two-chip solution composed of hardware machine vision modules on FPGA and an external microcontroller. Results from a performance comparison show that Architecture 2 has higher latency and consumes much more power than Architecture 1 and 3. However, Architecture 2 benefits from an easy programming model. Smart camera system with FPGA and external microcontroller has lower latency and consumes less power as compared to single FPGA chip having hardware modules and soft-core processor.
Caracterização da contaminação por metais pesados em área de mangüezal, Município de Santos (SP)
Authors: Fortunato Janaina Mara , Hypolito Raphael , Moura Claudia Lucia , Nascimento Silvia Cremonez
Published: December 2013

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a contaminação do solo e das águas subterrâneas e superficiais por metais pesados em uma área de manguezal em Santos (SP), utilizada como local de descarte de resíduos das atividades portuárias por mais de 50 anos. Análises químicas do solo e das águas coletados no local de estudo indicaram que as concentrações de ions de metais pesados (Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni) encontram-se acima dos valores de referência de qualidade da CETESB. O elevado teor de matéria orgânica do manguezal deve ser o principal responsável pela fixação iônica dos metais no solo. Análises químicas do liquido percolado do aterro, coletado em lagoa próxima, também indicaram a presença de Pb2+ em quantidades elevadas. Extrações de metais do solo com água (fase solúvel) e HNO3 (fases solúvel e adsorvida) indicam a lixiviação desses ions sob condições especificas, o que pode intensificar a dispersão desses contaminantes no ambiente.
Registro palinológico de depósitos sedimentares neopleistocênicos do Rio Madeira, Rondônia, Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Meneses Maria Ecilene Nunes da Silva , Pires Etiene Fabbrin , Rosa Átila Augusto Stock da , Leal Luciano Artemio , Mendes Laís Aguiar da Silveira , Paula Milton José de , Souza Francisco Edinardo Ferreira de , Benício José Rafael Wanderley , Campos Leomir dos Santos
Published: December 2013

O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo de identificação das assembléias palinológicas de uma camada de sedimentos numa área atualmente dominada por floresta, localizada na Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Curso do Rio Madeira, na região de influência do Aproveitamento Hidrelétrico (AHE) Jirau, Estado de Rondônia, Amazônia Brasileira. Datações radiométricas pelo método do radiocarbono (AMS) indicam que o registro da camada compreende o intervalo entre 41.350 e 43.500 anos Antes do Presente (A.P.), correspondente ao Neopleistoceno. Os resultados mostram um conjunto de palinomorfos marcado por baixa diversidade polínica, essencialmente dominado por elementos de floresta tropical, e com aumento de tipos polínicos característicos de ambientes úmidos em direção ao topo da camada, como é o caso de Ludwigia, sugerindo provavelmente o desenvolvimento de um brejo. De forma geral, os dados mostram concordância com registros palinológicos de outras áreas estudadas na região da Floresta Amazônica, que indicam a estabilidade do ambiente florestal durante o mesmo período.
Ideological Pathways to Economic Exchange: Religion, Economy, and Legitimation at the Classic Maya Royal Capital of Cancuén
Authors: Demarest Arthur A.
Published: December 2013

The royal port of Cancuén was a major economic exchange center controlling the nexus of the river and land transport routes between the Maya highlands and lowlands, as well as to the Gulf of Mexico. Given its lack of temples, moderate size, and near absence of direct military activities, it would appear to have been an almost exclusively economic power. However, recent theory has emphasized the seamless connection of ideology and economics. Cancuén provides good examples of the variety of mechanisms of legitimation and control, showing the interactive nature of ideology, ritual, coercion, and economic power. The case of Cancuén is especially illustrative because of the direct nature of its economic resource control and the wide variety of ideological mechanisms used to channel the perceptions and behavior of a broad class of social actors. Furthermore, each mechanism of legitimation appears targeted at a specific aspect of the exchange system. The patterns exemplify the nature of interactions in the Classic period and the devices linking economic rights and ideology.
Characteristics of optical emission intensities and bubblelike phenomena induced by laser ablation in supercritical fluids
Authors: Takada Noriharu , Machmudah Siti , Goto Hiroshi , Wahyudiono  , Goto Motonobu , Sasaki Koichi
Published: December 2013

We investigated the characteristics of laser ablation phenomena in supercritical fluids by optical emission and shadowgraph imaging. In comparison with laser ablation in liquid H2O, the optical emission of a laser ablation plasma produced in supercritical H2O had a longer lifetime and a larger transport length. It was found in supercritical CO2 that laser ablation plasmas with bright optical emissions were produced at a mass density of approximately 300 kg/m3. A clear correlation between the optical emission intensity and the density fluctuation was not observed in our experimental results, which were obtained in a regime deviated from the critical point. Bubblelike hollows were observed by shadowgraph imaging in both supercritical H2O and CO2. The dynamics of the bubblelike hollows were different from the dynamics of a cavitation bubble induced by laser ablation in a liquid medium but relatively similar to the dynamics of ambient gas in gas-phase laser ablation.
Misfit dislocation anisotropies in the InGaAs/GaAs(001) interface measured using X-ray topography and reciprocal space mapping
Authors: Suzuki Hidetoshi , Matsushita Takuya , Katayama Masahiro , Maeda Kouji , Ikari Tetsuo
Published: December 2013

The anisotropies of misfit dislocations (MDs) formed at an InGaAs/GaAs(001) interface grown by molecular beam epitaxy were investigated using X-ray topography and X-ray reciprocal space mapping techniques. The MDs bunched in small regions to form MD bunches. The number of MDs running along the

direction (α-MDs) included in one MD bunch was larger than that along the [110] direction (β-MDs). In addition, the bunched α-MDs were aligned more periodically than the other MDs.
Processes controlling Southern Ocean shortwave climate feedbacks in CESM
Authors: Kay J. E. , Medeiros B. , Hwang Y.‐T. , Gettelman A. , Perket J. , Flanner M. G.
Published: December 2013

A climate model (Community Earth System Model with the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CESM‐CAM5)) is used to identify processes controlling Southern Ocean (30–70°S) absorbed shortwave radiation (ASR). In response to 21st century Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 forcing, both sea ice loss (2.6 W m−2) and cloud changes (1.2 W m−2) enhance ASR, but their relative importance depends on location and season. Poleward of ~55°S, surface albedo reductions and increased cloud liquid water content (LWC) have competing effects on ASR changes. Equatorward of ~55°S, decreased LWC enhances ASR. The 21st century cloud LWC changes result from warming and near‐surface stability changes but appear unrelated to a small (1°) poleward shift in the eddy‐driven jet. In fact, the 21st century ASR changes are 5 times greater than ASR changes resulting from large (5°) naturally occurring jet latitude variability. More broadly, these results suggest that thermodynamics (warming and near‐surface stability), not poleward jet shifts, control 21st century Southern Ocean shortwave climate feedbacks.
Deep fluids can facilitate rupture of slow‐moving giant landslides as a result of stress transfer and frictional weakening
Authors: Cappa Frédéric , Guglielmi Yves , Viseur Sophie , Garambois Stéphane
Published: December 2013

Landslides accommodate slow, aseismic slip and fast, seismic rupture, which are sensitive to fluid pressures and rock frictional properties. The study of strain partitioning in the Séchilienne landslide (France) provides a unique insight into this sensitivity. Here we show with hydromechanical modeling that a significant part of the observed landslide motions and associated seismicity may be caused by poroelastic strain below the landslide, induced by groundwater table variations. In the unstable volume near the surface, calculated strain and rupture may be controlled by stress transfer and friction weakening above the phreatic zone and reproduce well high‐motion zone characteristics measured by geodesy and geophysics. The key model parameters are friction weakening and the position of groundwater level, which is sufficiently constrained by field data to support the physical validity of the model. These results are of importance for the understanding of surface strain evolution under weak forcing.
Geo‐effectiveness and radial dependence of magnetic cloud erosion by magnetic reconnection
Authors: Lavraud Benoit , Ruffenach Alexis , Rouillard Alexis P. , Kajdic Primoz , Manchester Ward B. , Lugaz Noé
Published: December 2013

Key Points

MC erosion has a significant impact on geo‐effectiveness

Combined importance of erosion and compression on geo‐effectiveness

Measured reconnection rates are consistent with observed erosion
Formation and evolution of biogenic secondary organic aerosol over a forest site in Japan
Authors: Han Yuemei , Iwamoto Yoko , Nakayama Tomoki , Kawamura Kimitaka , Mochida Michihiro
Published: December 2013

Chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol particles was characterized using an Aerodyne high‐resolution time‐of‐flight aerosol mass spectrometer at a forest site in Japan during 20–30 August 2010. A major fraction of nonrefractory submicron aerosol particles consisted of organics (accounting for, on average, 46% of total mass), sulfate (41%), and ammonium (12%). Positive matrix factorization of high‐resolution organic aerosol mass spectra identified two oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) components: a highly oxidized, low‐volatility OOA and a less oxidized, semivolatile OOA (SV‐OOA), interpreted mainly as aged regional organic aerosol (OA) and as locally formed biogenic secondary OA (BSOA), respectively. The mass concentrations of SV‐OOA increased prominently during the daytime, suggesting a strong photochemical production of BSOA on both nonevent and new particle formation event days. Increases of f44 (fraction of m/z 44 in OA mass spectrum), the fraction of CxOy+ fragment, and the O/C ratio after midday (around 13:00 local time) suggest that OA became increasingly oxygenated, which can be explained by the aging of freshly formed BSOA. Aqueous phase oxidation reactions under conditions of high relative humidity may have played a vital role in the aging of BSOA in this forest atmosphere. A substantial increase of the mass concentration of organics in the small size range (below 300 nm in vacuum aerodynamic diameter), without an increase in that of sulfate, suggests that the formation of BSOA made a dominant contribution to the presence of particles of cloud condensation nuclei size around the studied area.
Nickel‐ or Palladium‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Olefinic Indolines‐Fused Triazoles: Extension to the Spiroindoline Core
Authors: Senadi Gopal Chandru , Hu Wan‐Ping , Boominathan Siva Senthil Kumar , Wang Jeh‐Jeng
Published: December 2013

A nickel‐ or palladium‐catalyzed cascade approach to afford indolines‐fused triazoles with tetrasubstituted olefins in good yields with excellent control of regio‐ and stereoselectivity is described. We have also discussed the synthesis of unsaturated carbonyl species when the alkyne was appended to an alkyl chain. The synthetic methodology has been extended to construct the biologically active spiroindoline core via a vinylcylopropane (VCP) intermediate. The synthesized tetrasubstituted scaffolds were investigated for their photophysical properties and all of the them exhibited good absorption and fluorescence emission in the UV‐visible region.

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Synthesis and properties of fluorescent light‐emitting polyamide hybrids with reactive nanosilica by epoxide functionalization
Authors: Alizadeh Raouf , Ghaemy Mousa , Bazzar Maasoomeh , Hashemi Nasr Farzaneh
Published: December 2013

A series of poly(carbazole‐quinoxaline‐amide)s (PCQAs) containing phenyl and long alkyl chain as pendants was synthesized from polycondensation between a new diamine with a synthesized and several commercial dicarboxylic acids using Yamazaki's method. PCQAs had inherent viscosities and weight average molecular weights (
) in the range of 0.48–0.62 dL g−1 and 51,600–58,500 g mol−1, respectively. These luminescent polymers are readily soluble in a variety of organic solvents and formed low‐colored and tough thin films. In this study, silane modified SiO2 (mSiO2) nanoparticles were prepared, characterized and used with PCQAs in preparation of nanocomposites via solution blending method. The interfacial interaction strength between mSiO2 and the polymer–matrix enhanced thermal stability (T10%, from 463°C to 500°C) and mechanical strength (from 100 MPa to 150 MPa) for composite containing 30 wt % mSiO2 in comparison with the pure polyamide. These materials showed good ability for extraction–elimination of metal ions such as Cr6+, Cr3+, Co2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and Hg2+ from aqueous solutions either individually or in the mixture at various pH. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40219.
Dynamic transcriptional response of Escherichia coli to inclusion body formation
Authors: Baig Faraz , Fernando Lawrence P. , Salazar Mary Alice , Powell Rhonda R. , Bruce Terri F. , Harcum Sarah W.
Published: December 2013

Escherichia coli is used intensively for recombinant protein production, but one key challenge with recombinant E. coli is the tendency of recombinant proteins to misfold and aggregate into insoluble inclusion bodies (IBs). IBs contain high concentrations of inactive recombinant protein that require recovery steps to salvage a functional recombinant protein. Currently, no universally effective method exists to prevent IB formation in recombinant E. coli. In this study, DNA microarrays were used to compare the E. coli gene expression response dynamics to soluble and insoluble recombinant protein production. As expected and previously reported, the classical heat‐shock genes had increased expression due to IB formation, including protein folding chaperones and proteases. Gene expression levels for protein synthesis‐related and energy‐synthesis pathways were also increased. Many transmembrane transporter and corresponding catabolic pathways genes had decreased expression for substrates not present in the culture medium. Additionally, putative genes represented over one‐third of the genes identified to have significant expression changes due to IB formation, indicating many important cellular responses to IB formation still need to be characterized. Interestingly, cells grown in 3% ethanol had significantly reduced gene expression responses due to IB formation. Taken together, these results indicate that IB formation is complex, stimulates the heat‐shock response, increases protein and energy synthesis needs, and streamlines transport and catabolic processes, while ethanol diminished all of these responses. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 980–999. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microbially synthesized modular virus‐like particles and capsomeres displaying group A streptococcus hypervariable antigenic determinants
Authors: Chuan Yap P. , Wibowo Nani , Connors Natalie K. , Wu Yang , Hughes Fiona K. , Batzloff Michael R. , Lua Linda H.L. , Middelberg Anton P.J.
Published: December 2013

Effective and low‐cost vaccines are essential to control severe group A streptococcus (GAS) infections prevalent in low‐income nations and the Australian aboriginal communities. Highly diverse and endemic circulating GAS strains mandate broad‐coverage and customized vaccines. This study describes an approach to deliver cross‐reactive antigens from endemic GAS strains using modular virus‐like particle (VLP) and capsomere systems. The antigens studied were three heterologous N‐terminal peptides (GAS1, GAS2, and GAS3) from the GAS surface M‐protein that are specific to endemic strains in Australia Northern Territory Aboriginal communities. In vivo data presented here demonstrated salient characteristics of the modular delivery systems in the context of GAS vaccine design. First, the antigenic peptides, when delivered by unadjuvanted modular VLPs or adjuvanted capsomeres, induced high titers of peptide‐specific IgG antibodies (over 1 × 104). Second, delivery by capsomere was superior to VLP for one of the peptides investigated (GAS3), demonstrating that the delivery system relative effectiveness was antigen‐dependant. Third, significant cross‐reactivity of GAS2‐induced IgG with GAS1 was observed using either VLP or capsomere, showing the possibility of broad‐coverage vaccine design using these delivery systems and cross‐reactive antigens. Fourth, a formulation containing three pre‐mixed modular VLPs, each at a low dose of 5 μg (corresponding to <600 ng of each GAS peptide), induced significant titers of IgGs specific to each peptide, demonstrating that a multivalent, broad‐coverage VLP vaccine formulation was possible. In summary, the modular VLPs and capsomeres reported here demonstrate, with promising preliminary data, innovative ways to design GAS vaccines using VLP and capsomere delivery systems amenable to microbial synthesis, potentially adoptable by developing countries. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1062–1070. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel platform for antibody library selection in mammalian cells based on a growth signalobody
Authors: Yoshida Rie , Kawahara Masahiro , Nagamune Teruyuki
Published: December 2013

While many antibody‐screening methods in vitro have been developed, these methods need repeated cycles of panning or sorting procedures to isolate antigen‐specific antibodies. Here we developed a new antibody selection system based on antigen‐dependent growth of mammalian cells. In this system, a growth signalobody library, which is a naïve single‐chain Fv (scFv) library/cytokine receptor chimera that can transduce a growth signal in response to a specific antigen, is expressed in murine interleukin‐3‐dependent Ba/F3 cells. Simple culture of the cells in an antigen‐containing medium results in growing cells with a high‐affinity scFv gene, leading to selection of the scFv specific to the target antigen without panning/sorting procedures. To demonstrate this system, we used the SD1D2g signalobody having the signaling domain of gp130 and fluorescein‐conjugated BSA as a target antigen, and investigated whether a fluorescein‐specific scFv could be selected from a naïve scFv library. As a result, we successfully obtained fluorescein‐binding scFv clones, and the scFv clone with the highest affinity was most abundantly selected, having the same sequence as the clone, which had been obtained through phage display. These results demonstrate the utility of our system as an affinity‐based scFv selection method based on growth advantage of mammalian cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1170–1179. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative pharmacokinetics study of a kaurane diterpenoid after oral administration of monomer and Siegesbeckiae pubescens Makino extract to rats
Authors: Lei Ming , Jiang Zhen , Liu Hongjiao , Cui Yan , Ye Xiaoxia , Ji Bin , Guo Xingjie
Published: December 2013

In this paper, a sensitive, rapid and reproducible high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to analyze 16α‐hydro‐ent‐kauran‐17,19‐dioic acid in rat plasma. First, this study compared the pharmacokinetics of 16α‐hydro‐ent‐kauran‐17,19‐dioic acid after oral administration of monomer and Siegesbeckiae pubescens Makino extract in rat plasma with approximately the same dosage of 6.0 mg/kg. Second, chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Symmetry C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 3.5 µm) with isocratic elution using methanol–water containing 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate (70:30, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 30–12000 ng/mL for monomer. At different time points (0, 0.083, 0.25, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h) after administration, the concentrations of monomer in rat plasma were determined and main pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated. The double absorption presented in this study indicates that the pharmacokinetics of monomer in rat plasma have significant differences between different groups. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aptamers Act as Activators for the Thrombin Mediated‐Hydrolysis of Peptide Substrates
Authors: Tan Xiaohong , Dey Sourav Kumar , Telmer Cheryl , Zhang Xiaoliang , Armitage Bruce A. , Bruchez Marcel P.
Published: December 2013

Thrombin is the typical target in anticlotting therapy for many serious diseases such as heart attack and stroke. DNA aptamers are well‐known thrombin inhibitors that prevent fibrinogen hydrolysis. We have discovered that exosite‐targeting antithrombin aptamers enhance the activity of thrombin toward a small peptide substrate, Sar(N‐methylglycine)‐Pro‐Arg‐paranitroanilide, and that the activation of the enzyme by these aptamers is strongly inhibited by their complementary DNAs. Our study reveals that treatment with mixed aptamers or with a dual‐aptamer construct led to an 8.6‐ or 7.8‐fold enhancement in peptide hydrolysis relative to thrombin alone, a synergistic effect much higher than the activation observed with a monofunctional aptamer (1.5‐fold for Apt27 or 2.7‐fold for Apt15). In addition, we discovered that Apt27 is a biofunctional molecule for thrombin because of its activation effect. An enzyme kinetic study indicates that the binding of aptamers to exosites I and II significantly activates thrombin towards the peptide substrate, thus illustrating that binding of aptamers to exosites can allosterically regulate the active site of thrombin. Our study suggests the necessity of considering possible side effects when DNA aptamers are used for clinical applications involving the inhibition of thrombin‐mediated clotting.
Localisation of bovine colostral odorant‐binding protein (bcOBP) mRNAs in several tissues of bovine body
Authors: Katayama Shota , Japaridze Tamar
Published: December 2013

Bovine colostral odorant‐binding protein (bcOBP) is a novel protein found in bovine colostrum and belonging to the lipocalin superfamily. Most of them are secretory proteins. We have examined the localisation of bcOBP messenger RNA in several tissues. The expression of bcOBP messenger RNAs was followed in bovine principal organs and female reproductive tracts with in situ hybridisation, but the localisation of it was not detected. The expression levels of bcOBP mRNAs were also extremely low in those tissues. On the other hand, the expression of bcOBP messenger RNAs has not been found in the airway epithelia and the gallbladder. These results suggest that bcOBP messenger RNAs are expressed in bovine several tissues without its localisation. In conclusion, the localisation of bcOBP messenger RNAs in bovine several tissues was not found.
Cyanobuta‐1,3‐dienes as Novel Electron Acceptors for Photoactive Multicomponent Systems
Authors: Tancini Francesca , Monti Filippo , Howes Kara , Belbakra Abdelhalim , Listorti Andrea , Schweizer W. Bernd , Reutenauer Philippe , Alonso‐Gómez José‐Lorenzo , Chiorboli Claudio , Urner Lorenz M. , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Boudon Corinne , Armaroli Nicola , Diederich François
Published: December 2013

The synthesis, electrochemical, and photophysical properties of five multicomponent systems featuring a ZnII porphyrin (ZnP) linked to one or two anilino donor‐substituted pentacyano‐ (PCBD) or tetracyanobuta‐1,3‐dienes (TCBD), with and without an interchromophoric bridging spacer (S), are reported: ZnP‐S‐PCBD (1), ZnP‐S‐TCBD (2), ZnP‐TCBD (3), ZnP‐(S‐PCBD)2 (4), and ZnP‐(S‐TCBD)2 (5). By means of steady‐state and time‐resolved absorption and luminescence spectroscopy (RT and 77 K), photoinduced intramolecular energy and electron transfer processes are evidenced, upon excitation of the porphyrin unit. In systems equipped with the strongest acceptor PCBD and the spacer (1, 4), no evidence of electron transfer is found in toluene, suggesting ZnP→PCBD energy transfer, followed by ultrafast (<10 ps) intrinsic deactivation of the PCBD moiety. In the analogous systems with the weaker acceptor TCBD (2, 5), photoinduced electron transfer occurs in benzonitrile, generating a charge‐separated (CS) state lasting 2.3 μs. Such a long lifetime, in light of the high Gibbs free energy for charge recombination (ΔGCR=−1.39 eV), suggests a back‐electron transfer process occurring in the so‐called Marcus inverted region. Notably, in system 3 lacking the interchromophoric spacer, photoinduced charge separation followed by charge recombination occur within 20 ps. This is a consequence of the close vicinity of the donor–acceptor partners and of a virtually activationless electron transfer process. These results indicate that the strongly electron‐accepting cyanobuta‐1,3‐dienes might become promising alternatives to quinone‐, perylenediimide‐, and fullerene‐derived acceptors in multicomponent modules featuring photoinduced electron transfer.
ChemInform Abstract: Size‐Controlled Chevrel Mo6S8 as Cathode Material for Mg Rechargeable Battery.
Authors: Ryu Anna , Park Min‐Sik , Cho Woosuk , Kim Jeom‐Soo , Kim Young‐Jun
Published: December 2013

CuMo3S4 powders are prepared by the molten salt method from mixtures of CuS, Mo, MoS2, and different amounts of KCl (alumina crucible, 850 °C, 60 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Growth of New Hexahydroxometallates Using a Hydroflux.
Authors: Chance W. Michael , Bugaris Daniel E. , Sefat Athena S. , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad
Published: December 2013

Single crystals of the new compounds Sr2Mn(OH)6, Ba2Mn(OH)6, Sr2Co(OH)6, Ba2Co(OH)6, Sr2Ni(OH)6, Ba2Ni(OH)6, and Ba2Cu(OH)6 are prepared from M(OH)2 (M: Sr, Ba) and MnCl2, CoCl2, Ni(NO3)2, or CuO using a combination of water with NaOH, KOH, or a NaOH/KOH mixture as hydroflux (180—230 °C, 12—36 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Thallium Mercury Chalcobromides, TlHg6Q4Br5 (Q: S, Se).
Authors: Wibowo Arief C. , Malliakas Christos D. , Chung Duck Young , Im Jino , Freeman Arthur J. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: December 2013

The new compounds TlHg6S4Br5 and TlHg6Se4Br5 are synthesized from mixtures of HgQ (Q: S, Se), HgBr2, and TlBr (sealed silica tubes, 200 °C, 12 resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterodinuclear Lanthanoid‐Containing Polyoxometalates: Stepwise Synthesis and Single‐Molecule Magnet Behavior.
Authors: Sato Rinta , Suzuki Kosuke , Sugawa Midori , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: December 2013

Heterodinuclear lanthanoid cores are synthesized through stepwise incorporation of two types of lanthanoid cations into the vacant sites of lacunary [γ‐SiW10O36]8‐ units without the use of templating cations.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Chain Structure Constructed from Copper Complexes and Dimers Based on Bi‐Capped Keggin Clusters.
Authors: Cui Xiao‐Bing , et al. et al.
Published: December 2013

The new compound [Cu(en)2][Cu(en)2(H2O)]2 [SiMo8V6O42] [Cu(en)2]·1.5H2O is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of Na2MoO4, V2O5, Na2SiO3, CuCl2, H2C2O4, en, and H2O (autoclave, pH 7, 180 °C, 3 d; 73% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: ChenPhos: Highly Modular P‐Stereogenic C1‐Symmetric Diphosphine Ligands for the Efficient Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐Substituted Cinnamic Acids.
Authors: Chen Weiping , Spindler Felix , Pugin Benoit , Nettekoven Ulrike
Published: December 2013

Several chiral Chenphos‐ligands are synthesized and tested in a model reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Deprotection of TBDMS Alkyl Ethers in the Presence of TIPS or TBDPS Phenyl Ethers by Catalytic CuSO4·5H2O in Methanol.
Authors: Gonzalez‐Calderon Davir , Benitez‐Puebla Luis J. , Gonzalez‐Gonzalez Carlos A. , Assad‐Hernandez Salomon , Fuentes‐Benitez Aydee , Cuevas‐Yanez Erick , Corona‐Becerril David , Gonzalez‐Romero Carlos
Published: December 2013

The cleavage of Tbs‐ethers is efficiently achieved in methanol with CuSO4 as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Widely Applicable Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Tertiary Alkyl‐Containing 1‐Alkanols by Zirconium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Carboalumination of Alkenes and Palladium‐ or Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Xu Shiqing , Lee Ching‐Tien , Wang Guangwei , Negishi Ei‐ichi
Published: December 2013

Either enantiomer of the desired alcohols can be readily obtained with very high optical purity.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Unnatural Amino Acids and Tamsulosin Chiral Intermediate.
Authors: Arava Veera Reddy , Amasa Srinivasulu Reddy , Bhatthula Bharat Kumar Goud , Kompella Laxmi Srinivas , Matta Venkata Prasad , Subha M. C. S.
Published: December 2013

An efficient, enantioselective hydrogenation of N‐acetylamino acrylic acids (I) is developed and successfully applied to the synthesis of the chiral key intermediate (III) of the antihypertensive drug tamsulosin.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Catalytic Transannular Ketone—Ene Reactions.
Authors: Rajapaksa Naomi S. , Jacobsen Eric N.
Published: December 2013

A novel chromium(III) triflate tridentate Schiff base complex is efficiently utilized for a highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective transannular ketone‐ene reaction of electronically unactivated keto‐olefins (I) and (III) to afford enantioenriched bicyclic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reaction of Pyruvic Aldehyde Dimethyl Acetal with Isatin Derivatives.
Authors: Kumar Akshay , Chimni Swapandeep Singh
Published: December 2013

A highly enantioselective approach for the synthesis of the compounds (III) and (V) by the title reaction is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Phoshine‐Free Thiopseudourea‐Pd(II) Complex Catalyzed Larock Heteroannulation of 2‐Haloamines with Internal Alkynes.
Authors: Srinivas Keesara , Saiprathima Parvathaneni , Balaswamy Kodicherla , Rao Mandapati Mohan
Published: December 2013

Low loadings of the title catalyst are sufficient to give access to different substituted indole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Squaramide‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Sequential Michael Addition/Dearomative Bromination: Convenient Access to Optically Active Brominated Pyrazol‐5(4H)‐ones with Adjacent Quaternary and Tertiary Stereocenters.
Authors: Wang Huanxia , Wang Youming , Song Haibin , Zhou Zhenghong , Tang Chuchi
Published: December 2013

An organocatalytic asymmetric simple process affords a wide variety of the title compounds in high yields with good to excellent diastereoselectivity and uniformly high levels of enantioselectivity from readily available starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Iodoetherification of Oximes.
Authors: Tripathi Chandra Bhushan , Mukherjee Santanu
Published: December 2013

This is the first catalytic asymmetric iodoetherification of oximes yielding isoxazolines containing quarternary stereocenters in high yields with good enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Heteroarylations of 3‐Bromochromen‐4‐one via C—H Bond Activation of Heteroarenes.
Authors: Belkessam Fatma , Derridj Fazia , Zhao Liqin , Elias Abdelhamid , Aidene Mohand , Djebbar Saffia , Doucet Henri
Published: December 2013

The title method is applicable to a wide variety of heteroaromatics and tolerates a range of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 2H,8H‐Pyrano[2,3‐f]chromene‐2,8‐diones from 8‐Formyl‐7‐hydroxy‐4‐methylcoumarin.
Authors: Al‐Kawkabani Ahmed , Boutemeur‐Kheddis Baya , Makhloufi‐Chebli Malika , Hamdi Maamar , Talhi Oualid , Silva Artur M. S.
Published: December 2013

The synthesis of 8‐formyl‐7‐hydroxy‐4‐methylcoumarin (III) is developed and the condensation with various activated methylene compounds is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Amides from Aldehydes and Azides by Chelation‐Assisted C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Zhou Bing , Yang Yaxi , Shi Jingjing , Feng Huijin , Li Yuanchao
Published: December 2013

The first Rh(III)‐catalyzed direct amidation of aldehydes with sulfonyl, aryl, and alkyl azides under free conditions without the use of any additive is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Povarov‐Reductive Amination Cascade to Access 6‐Aminoquinolines and Anthrazolines.
Authors: Pericherla Kasiviswanadharaju , Kumar Anil , Jha Amitabh
Published: December 2013

A new strategy is reported to synthesize the title compounds via a tandem Povarov reaction, dihydroquinoline oxidation, and imine reduction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Antifungal Activities of New 2‐Aryl‐6,7‐methylenedioxy‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinolin‐2‐ium Bromides.
Authors: Yang Xinjuan , Yao Yao , Qin Yuyan , Hou Zhe , Yang Rui , Miao Fang , Zhou Le
Published: December 2013

A simple method is elaborated for the preparation of novel dihydroisoquinolinium bromides (IV) (26 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Hexahydro‐1H‐pyrano‐ and Thiopyran[3,4‐c]quinoline Derivatives Through a Prins Cascade Cyclization.
Authors: Reddy B. V. Subba , Medaboina Durgaprasad , Sridhar B. , Singarapu Kiran Kumar
Published: December 2013

E‐configured arylaminoalcohols afford trans‐fused quinoline derivatives, whereas the corresponding Z‐configured ones give cis‐fused quinolines under similar reaction conditions with high selectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Free β‐Boration of α,β‐Unsaturated Imines Catalyzed by Cu2O with Concurrent Enhancement of Asymmetric Induction.
Authors: Calow Adam D. J. , Sole Cristina , Whiting Andrew , Fernandez Elena
Published: December 2013

The method allows an in situ formation of the imines.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of β‐Substituted‐δ‐aminoboronic Esters from Nitriles.
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraghavan , Mitsuhashi Wataru , Biswas Debanjan , Nicponski Daniel R.
Published: December 2013

A stereocontrolled synthesis of δ‐aminoboronic esters is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Enantioenriched Tetraols and Triolamines from a Common Epoxide.
Authors: Kaviani‐Joupari Makan , Schramm Michael P.
Published: December 2013

The desymmetrization of meso epoxide (I) with nitrogen or oxygen nucleophiles is developed by using Jacobsen‐type catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed P‐Arylation via Direct Coupling of Diaryliodonium Salts with Phosphorus Nucleophiles at Room Temperature.
Authors: Xu Jian , Zhang Pengbo , Gao Yuzhen , Chen Yiyin , Tang Guo , Zhao Yufen
Published: December 2013

This new method provides a very simple and high‐yielding access to different substituted phosphine oxides and phosphonates within short reactions times.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Syntheses of the Proposed Structures of Kopeolin and Kopeolone.
Authors: Miquet Stephanie , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Bremond Paul , Audran Gerard
Published: December 2013

The title synthetic compounds (I) and (II) do not correspond to the reported structure of the natural kopeolin and kopeolone.
ChemInform Abstract: Halogens
Authors: Justik Michael W.
Published: December 2013

Review: chemistry of elemental halogens and compounds containing halogens in positive oxidation states; 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Directions in Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy on Molecular Nanomagnets
Authors: van Slageren J.
Published: December 2013

Review: 204 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal Encapsulation Within Supramolecular Diphosphine Capsules
Authors: Besset Tatiana , Gramage‐Doria Rafael , Reek Joost N. H.
Published: December 2013

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferrocene‐Beauty and Function
Authors: Heinze Katja , Lang Heinrich
Published: December 2013

Review: reactivity, properties, and applications of ferrocene
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Syntheses of Planar‐Chiral Ferrocenes
Authors: Schaarschmidt Dieter , Lang Heinrich
Published: December 2013

Review: 624 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular C(sp3)—H Amination
Authors: Jeffrey Jenna L. , Sarpong Richmond
Published: December 2013

Review: historical context, recent contributions, as well as remaining challenges to intramolecular C(sp3)—H amination; 147 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Four‐Coordinate Organoboron Compounds for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)
Authors: Li Di , Zhang Hongyu , Wang Yue
Published: December 2013

Review: progress in the molecular construction of four‐coordinate organoboron compounds with an emphasis on their applications in OLEDs; 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reagents in Microfluidics: An “in” and “out” Challenge
Authors: Hitzbleck Martina , Delamarche Emmanuel
Published: December 2013

Review: state‐of‐the‐art methods and strategies for integrating various classes of reagents inside microfluidics; 239 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Engineering of FeII Spin Crossover Coordination Polymers Derived from Triazole or Tetrazole Ligands
Authors: Garcia Yann , Adarsh N. N. , Naik Anil D.
Published: December 2013

Review: 109 refs.
Exploring performance and power properties of modern multi‐core chips via simple machine models
Authors: Hager Georg , Treibig Jan , Habich Johannes , Wellein Gerhard
Published: December 2013

Modern multi‐core chips show complex behavior with respect to performance and power. Starting with the Intel Sandy Bridge processor, it has become possible to directly measure the power dissipation of a CPU chip and correlate this data with the performance properties of the running code. Going beyond a simple bottleneck analysis, we employ the recently published Execution‐Cache‐Memory (ECM) model to describe the single‐core and multi‐core performance of streaming kernels. The model refines the well‐known roofline model, because it can predict the scaling and the saturation behavior of bandwidth‐limited loop kernels on a multi‐core chip. The saturation point is especially relevant for considerations of energy consumption. From power dissipation measurements of benchmark programs with vastly different requirements to the hardware, we derive a simple, phenomenological power model for the Sandy Bridge processor. Together with the ECM model, we are able to explain many peculiarities in the performance and power behavior of multi‐core processors and derive guidelines for energy‐efficient execution of parallel programs. Finally, we show that the ECM and power models can be successfully used to describe the scaling and power behavior of a lattice Boltzmann flow solver code. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atom‐Efficient Route for Converting Incineration Ashes into Heavy Metal Sorbents
Authors: Chiang Yi Wai , Santos Rafael M. , Vanduyfhuys Kenneth , Meesschaert Boudewijn , Martens Johan A.
Published: December 2013

Bottom ashes produced from municipal solid‐waste incineration are suitable for sorbent synthesis because of their inherent composition, high alkalinity, metastable mineralogy, and residual heat. This work shows that bottom ashes can be atom‐efficiently converted into valuable sorbents without the need for costly and hazardous chemicals. The ashes were hydrothermally treated in rotary autoclaves at autogenic pH conditions to promote the conversion of precursor mineral phases into zeolites and layered silicate hydrates. Two main mineral phases were formed: katoite and sodium aluminum phosphate silicate hydrate. These mineral alterations are accompanied by a tenfold increase in specific surface area and a twofold reduction in average particle size. Performance evaluation of the new sorbents for Cd2+, Zn2+, and Pb2+ adsorption at pH 5 indicates sorption capacities of 0.06, 0.08, and 0.22 mmol g−1, respectively, which are similar to those of natural adsorbents and synthetic materials obtained from more demanding synthesis conditions.