bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association of Longer Breastfeeding Duration and Socioeconomic, Pregnancy, Childbirth and Postpartum Characteristics
Authors: Kozachenko Jekaterina , Kivite-Urtane Anda , Berzina Frederika , Stolcere Ieva Evelina , Lazdane Gunta
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives: Breastmilk is the safest and most suitable food for an infant, playing the role of their first vaccine and containing all the essential nutrients for the first months of life. The World Health Organisation recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life and continued breastfeeding while introducing a child to complementary foods until 2 years and beyond. According to Latvian statistics from 2022, only 27.4% of babies were breastfed for 12 months. The aim of this study was to determine the socio-economic factors and factors related to pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum that influence breastfeeding for more than 6 months in Latvia. Materials and Methods: Data were used from the cross-sectional survey “Research on factors and behaviours affecting the sexual and reproductive health of the population of Latvia”, which was conducted in 2023. A study sample was randomised and stratified by gender and five age groups. The analyses in this study are based on a sample of women who had given birth at least once (n = 1407), and the dependent variable was the duration of breastfeeding their last child. Binary logistic regression was conducted to identify the associated factors. Results: The point prevalence of longer duration of breastfeeding for the last child was 47.9% (n = 674). The odds of longer breastfeeding duration were higher among mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy (vs. smokers, aOR 2.1, p < 0.001), of Latvian nationality (vs. Russian, aOR 1.3, p = 0.03), who had two childbirth (vs. one, aOR 1.5, p = 0.003), who had the highest level of education (vs. primary education, aOR 2.0, p = 0.03), started breastfeeding immediately after the birth (vs. later than the first day, aOR 1.7, p = 0.01) or on the first day (vs. later, aOR 1.6, p = 0.01). Conclusions: We documented socio-demographic pregnancy and childbirth factors associated with longer breastfeeding durations. Efforts to promote breastfeeding practices should target mothers from the most vulnerable groups.
Exercise Affects Mucosa-Associated Microbiota and Colonic Tumor Formation Induced by Azoxymethane in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Yo Shogen , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Gu Tingting , Sasahira Momoyo , Oosawa Motoyasu , Handa Osamu , Umegaki Eiji , Shiotani Akiko
Published: May 2024

The only reliable factor that reduces the risk of colorectal carcinogenesis is physical activity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of physical activity against gut microbiota, including mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) on azoxymethane-induced colorectal tumors in obese mice. We divided the subjects into four groups: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), ND + exercise (Ex), and HFD + Ex groups. The Ex group performed treadmill exercise for 20 weeks. Thereafter, fecal and colonic mucus samples were extracted for microbiota analysis. DNA was collected from feces and colonic mucosa, and V3–V4 amplicon sequencing analysis of the 16SrRNA gene was performed using MiSeq. The HFD group had significantly more colonic polyps than the ND group (ND 6.5 ± 1.3, HFD 11.4 ± 1.5, p < 0.001), and the addition of Ex suppressed the number of colonic polyps in ND and HFD groups (ND 6.5 ± 1.3, ND + Ex 2.8 ± 2.5, p < 0.05). The HFD group showed significantly lower concentrations of succinic, acetic, butyric, and propionic acids (mg/g) in feces, compared with the ND group (succinic acid HFD 0.59, ND 0.17; acetic acid HFD 0.63, ND 2.41; propionic acid HFD 0.10, ND 0.47; and N-butyric acid HFD 0.31, ND 0.93). In the case of ND, succinic acid and butyric acid tended to decrease with Ex (succinic acid ND 0.17, ND + Ex 0.12; N-butyric acid ND 0.93, ND + Ex 0.74 0.74). Succinic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid levels in feces were significantly lower in the HFD group than in the ND group; in both feces and mucus samples, Butyricicoccus and Lactobacillus levels were significantly lower in the HFD group. Akkermansia was significantly increased in ND + Ex and HFD + Ex groups. Diet and exercise affected the number of colorectal tumors. Furthermore, diet and exercise alter intestinal MAM, which may be involved in colorectal tumor development.
Genome-Wide Computational Prediction and Analysis of Noncoding RNAs in Oleidesulfovibrio alaskensis G20
Authors: Singh Ram Nageena , Sani Rajesh K.
Published: May 2024

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play key roles in the regulation of important pathways, including cellular growth, stress management, signaling, and biofilm formation. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) contribute to huge economic losses causing microbial-induced corrosion through biofilms on metal surfaces. To effectively combat the challenges posed by SRB, it is essential to understand their molecular mechanisms of biofilm formation. This study aimed to identify ncRNAs in the genome of a model SRB, Oleidesulfovibrio alaskensis G20 (OA G20). Three in silico approaches revealed genome-wide distribution of 37 ncRNAs excluding tRNAs in the OA G20. These ncRNAs belonged to 18 different Rfam families. This study identified riboswitches, sRNAs, RNP, and SRP. The analysis revealed that these ncRNAs could play key roles in the regulation of several pathways of biosynthesis and transport involved in biofilm formation by OA G20. Three sRNAs, Pseudomonas P10, Hammerhead type II, and sX4, which were found in OA G20, are rare and their roles have not been determined in SRB. These results suggest that applying various computational methods could enrich the results and lead to the discovery of additional novel ncRNAs, which could lead to understanding the “rules of life of OA G20” during biofilm formation.
Validation of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Based Kit for the Detection of Legionella pneumophila in Environmental Samples According to ISO/TS 12869:2012
Authors: Caruso Giorgia , Coniglio Maria Anna , Laganà Pasqualina , Fasciana Teresa , Arcoleo Giuseppe , Arrigo Ignazio , Di Carlo Paola , Palermo Mario , Giammanco Anna
Published: May 2024

Legionella pneumophila is a freshwater opportunistic pathogen and the leading cause of severe pneumonia known as Legionnaires’ disease. It can be found in all water systems and survives in biofilms, free-living amoebae, and a wide variety of facilities, such as air conditioning and showers in hospitals, hotels and spas. The reference cultural method allows for the isolation and identification in many days, and in addition, it does not detect viable but rather non-culturable bacteria, increasing the risk of infection. In this context, a new LAMP-based (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) kit was developed, allowing for the rapid, sensitive, and labor-saving detection of L. pneumophila. The kit, “Legionella pneumophila Glow”, was validated according to ISO/TS 12869:2012, testing sensitivity, inclusivity and exclusivity, and kit robustness. Sensitivity showed that the “Legionella pneumophila Glow” kit can detect up to 28 plasmid copies/µL. Robustness tests showed consistent results, with both contamination levels and the matrices used giving reproducible results. Furthermore, real samples were evaluated to compare the performance of the two methods. The LAMP kit “Legionella pneumophila Glow” proved a useful option for the rapid, efficient, and labor-saving screening of different typologies of water samples, offering significant advantages over the traditional method, as it is characterized by a high sensitivity, ease of use for laboratory testing, and a large reduction in analysis time, making it an asset to official controls.
Diversity and Composition of Soil Acidobacterial Communities in Different Temperate Forest Types of Northeast China
Authors: Jiao Feng , Qian Lili , Wu Jinhua , Zhang Dongdong , Zhang Junying , Wang Mingyu , Sui Xin , Zhang Xianbang
Published: May 2024

To gain an in-depth understanding of the diversity and composition of soil Acidobacteria in five different forest types in typical temperate forest ecosystems and to explore their relationship with soil nutrients. The diversity of soil Acidobacteria was determined by high-throughput sequencing technology. Soil Acidobacteria’s alpha-diversity index and soil nutrient content differed significantly among different forest types. β-diversity and the composition of soil Acidobacteria also varied across forest types. Acidobacterial genera, such as Acidobacteria_Gp1, Acidobacteria_Gp4, and Acidobacteria_Gp17, play key roles in different forests. The RDA analyses pointed out that the soil pH, available nitrogen (AN), carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, available phosphorus (AP), total carbon (TC), and total phosphorus (TP) were significant factors affecting soil Acidobacteria in different forest types. In this study, the diversity and composition of soil Acidobacteria under different forest types in a temperate forest ecosystem were analyzed, revealing the complex relationship between them and soil physicochemical properties. These findings not only enhance our understanding of soil microbial ecology but also provide important guidance for ecological conservation and restoration strategies for temperate forest ecosystems.
Development and Usability Evaluation of VulcanH, a CMMS Prototype for Preventive and Predictive Maintenance of Mobile Mining Equipment
Authors: Robatto Simard Simon , Gamache Michel , Doyon-Poulin Philippe
Published: May 2024

This paper details the design, development, and evaluation of VulcanH, a computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) specialized in preventive maintenance (PM) and predictive maintenance (PdM) management for underground mobile mining equipment. Further, it aims to expand knowledge on trust in automation (TiA) for PdM as well as contribute to the literature on explainability requirements of a PdM-capable artificial intelligence (AI). This study adopted an empirical approach through the execution of user tests with nine maintenance experts from five East-Canadian mines and implemented the User Experience Questionnaire Plus (UEQ+) and the Reliance Intentions Scale (RIS) to evaluate usability and TiA, respectively. It was found that the usability and efficiency of VulcanH were satisfactory for expert users and encouraged the gradual transition from PM to PdM practices. Quantitative and qualitative results documented participants’ willingness to rely on PdM predictions as long as suitable explanations are provided. Graphical explanations covering the full spectrum of the derived data were preferred. Due to the prototypical nature of VulcanH, certain relevant aspects of maintenance planning were not considered. Researchers are encouraged to include these notions in the evaluation of future CMMS proposals. This paper suggests a harmonious integration of both preventive and predictive maintenance practices in the mining industry. It may also guide future research in PdM to select an analytical algorithm capable of supplying adequate and causal justifications for informed decision making. This study fulfills an identified need to adopt a user-centered approach in the development of CMMSs in the mining industry. Hence, both researchers and industry stakeholders may benefit from the findings.
Polyphenols vs. Caffeine in Coffee from Franchise Coffee Shops: Which Serving of Coffee Provides the Optimal Amount of This Compounds to the Body
Authors: Wierzejska Regina Ewa , Gielecińska Iwona , Hallmann Ewelina , Wojda Barbara
Published: May 2024

The scientific literature indicates that there is a limited number of data on the content of bioactive components in coffees consumed “on the go”. Therefore, this study examined the polyphenol and caffeine content of different types of coffee from franchise coffee shops, and the caffeine/total polyphenol ratio. The five most popular types of coffee purchased in six franchise coffee shops in Warsaw were analysed. A total of 120 coffee samples were tested. A significant positive (r = 0.7407, p < 0.001) correlation was found between the total polyphenol and caffeine content in all coffee types tested. Per unit volume, espresso coffee had the highest significant (p < 0.005) average total polyphenol and caffeine contents (232.9 ± 63.9 mg/100 mL and 198.6 ± 68.3 mg/100 mL, respectively). After taking into account the coffee’s serving size, a serving of Americano provided significantly (p < 0.05) the most total polyphenol (average 223.5 ± 81.5 mg), while the highest caffeine content was provided by a serving of ice latte/latte frappe (average 136 ± 57.0 mg). The most favourable ratio of caffeine to total polyphenols (0.56) was found in a serving of Americano coffee; therefore, it seems that this coffee can be considered optimal in terms of the content of both compounds. These findings demonstrate that the polyphenol and caffeine contents of coffees offered in franchise coffee shops are closely related to the serving size.
N-Heterocycles as Promising Antiviral Agents: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Ahmad Gulraiz , Sohail Maria , Bilal Muhammad , Rasool Nasir , Qamar Muhammad Usman , Ciurea Codrut , Marceanu Luigi Geo , Misarca Catalin
Published: May 2024

Viruses are a real threat to every organism at any stage of life leading to extensive infections and casualties. N-heterocycles can affect the viral life cycle at many points, including viral entrance into host cells, viral genome replication, and the production of novel viral species. Certain N-heterocycles can also stimulate the host’s immune system, producing antiviral cytokines and chemokines that can stop the reproduction of viruses. This review focused on recent five- or six-membered synthetic N-heterocyclic molecules showing antiviral activity through SAR analyses. The review will assist in identifying robust scaffolds that might be utilized to create effective antiviral drugs with either no or few side effects.
Thermochemical Activation of Wood with NaOH, KOH and H3PO4 for the Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Nanoporous Carbon for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Dobele Galina , Volperts Aleksandrs , Plavniece Ance , Zhurinsh Aivars , Upskuviene Daina , Balciunaite Aldona , Niaura Gediminas , Colmenares-Rausseo Luis César , Tamasauskaite-Tamasiunaite Loreta , Norkus Eugenijus
Published: May 2024

Carbonization of biomass residues followed by activation has great potential to become a safe process for the production of various carbon materials for various applications. Demand for commercial use of biomass-based carbon materials is growing rapidly in advanced technologies, including in the energy sector, as catalysts, batteries and capacitor electrodes. In this study, carbon materials were synthesized from hardwood using two carbonization methods, followed by activation with H3PO4, KOH and NaOH and doping with nitrogen. Their chemical composition, porous structure, thermal stability and structural order of samples were studied. It was shown that, despite the differences, the synthesized carbon materials are active catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions. Among the investigated carbon materials, NaOH-activated samples exhibited the lowest Tafel slope values, of −90.6 and −88.0 mV dec–1, which are very close to the values of commercial Pt/C at −86.6 mV dec–1.
Exploring the Larvicidal and Adulticidal Activity against Aedes aegypti of Essential Oil from Bocageopsis multiflora
Authors: Silva Jefferson Rocha de Andrade , Oliveira Aimêe Almeida de , França Leandro Pereira , da Cruz Jefferson Diocesano , Amaral Ana Claudia Fernandes
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Bocageopsis multiflora (Mart.) R.E.Fr (Annonaceae), examining its effectiveness in combating both the larvae and adult forms of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Additionally, for a deeper understanding of the insecticidal activity, toxicity properties and molecular docking calculations were conducted using the main compounds of this essential oil. GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of 26 constituents, representing 95.2% of the essential oil, with the major components identified as the sesquiterpenes α-selinene, β-selinene, and β-elemene. Larvicidal assays demonstrated potent activity of this essential oil with significant LC50 values of 40.8 and 39.4 μg/mL at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Adulticidal assessments highlighted strong efficacy with LC50 of 12.5 µg/mL. Molecular docking analysis identified optimal interaction activities of α-selinene and β-selinene with key Aedes proteins. The in silico studies comparing synthetic insecticides with the major sesquiterpenes of the essential oil revealed that β-selinene exhibited a significantly higher binding affinity compared to the other two sesquiterpenes. Also, ADMET studies of the three main sesquiterpenes indicated acceptable drug-like properties. In these findings, safety evaluations showed low toxicity and skin sensitization for the main sesquiterpenes, contrasting with commercial synthetic insecticides. Therefore, in silico analyses suggest promising interactions with Aedes proteins, indicating its potential as an effective alternative to conventional insecticides These results show the larvicidal and adulticidal potential of the essential oil from Bocageopsis multiflora against Aedes aegypti, supported by its predominant constituents, α-selinene, β-selinene and β-elemene.
The New Horizon of Antipsychotics beyond the Classic Dopaminergic Hypothesis—The Case of the Xanomeline–Trospium Combination: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vasiliu Octavian , Budeanu Beatrice , Cătănescu Mihai-Ștefan
Published: May 2024

Although the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia explains the effects of all the available antipsychotics in clinical use, there is an increasing need for developing new drugs for the treatment of the positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of chronic psychoses. Xanomeline–trospium (KarXT) is a drug combination that is based on the essential role played by acetylcholine in the regulation of cognitive processes and the interactions between this neurotransmitter and other signaling pathways in the central nervous system, with a potential role in the onset of schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and substance use disorders. A systematic literature review that included four electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Clarivate/Web of Science, and Google Scholar) and the US National Library of Medicine database for clinical trials detected twenty-one sources referring to fourteen studies focused on KarXT, out of which only four have available results. Based on the results of these trials, the short-term efficacy and tolerability of xanomeline–trospium are good, but more data are needed before this drug combination may be recommended for clinical use. However, on a theoretical level, the exploration of KarXT is useful for increasing the interest of researchers in finding new, non-dopaminergic, antipsychotics that could be used either as monotherapy or as add-on drugs.
Effect of Exogenous Organic Matter on Phosphorus Forms in Middle-High Fertility Cinnamon Soil
Authors: Shi Xiaodi , Gu Duanyin , Yang Haotian , Li Yun , Jiang Yaqun , Zhan Nanbiao , Cui Xiumin
Published: May 2024

Objectives: To slow down the chemical fixation of phosphate fertilizer, reduce the risk of active phosphorus leaching, stimulate the inherent phosphorus resource activity of soil, and improve phosphorus supply capacity. Methods: This study utilized a combination of field experiments and indoor chemical analysis. Six types of exogenous organic matter (fulvic acid, biochar, compound microbial fertilizer, high-energy microbial inoculum, pig manure-vermicompost, cow manure-vermicompost) were added based on conventional fertilization. The experiment was conducted under the wheat-maize rotation system in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. Results: Compared with control (CK) without exogenous organic matter (EOM), all the other treatments with EOM had an enhancing effect on the available phosphorus of the cultivated soil. During the maize harvest, the combined application of biochar, pig manure-vermicompost and cow manure-vermicompost treatment significantly increased the content of available phosphorus in 0–20 cm soil by 45.87–56.59% compared with CK. The combined application of fulvic acid, biochar, pig manure-vermicompost and cow manure-vermicompost treatment significantly increased the content of Ca2-P in 0–20 cm soil by 34.04–65.14%. The content of Ca10-P in each treatment with EOM exhibited a lower level compared to CK. EOM could slow down the fixation of phosphorus to some degree. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between Ca2-P, Ca8-P, Al-P, Fe-P, neutral phosphatase activity, acid phosphatase activity, and the available phosphorus content in the soil. The combined application of fulvic acid, biochar, and cow manure-vermicompost could enhance the activity of neutral and acid phosphatase in topsoil to a certain extent, thereby facilitating the conversion of phosphorus into highly available Ca2-P. EOM could enhance the soil phosphorus availability and decelerate the conversion of soil phosphorus into O-P and Ca10-P forms with low availability. Among all treatments, biochar exhibited the most pronounced efficiency in mitigating phosphorus leaching downward. Conclusions: All the EOMs had the potential to enhance the conversion of phosphorus into soluble phosphorus (Ca2-P), thereby mitigating the chemical fixation of soil phosphorus and ameliorating non-point source pollution caused by phosphorus. EOM enhanced the activity of neutral and acid phosphatase, which was beneficial to the conversion of organic phosphorus to inorganic phosphorus and increasing the content of available phosphorus. All EOMs had good effects on the retention of soil effective phosphorus, among which biochar had the best effect on retaining effective phosphorus in the tillage layer and blocking phosphorus leaching downward.
Study on Temperature Cascade ELM Inversion Method for 110 kV Single-Core Cable Intermediate Joints
Authors: Li Xinhai , Feng Bao , Wang Zhengang , Ruan Jiangjun , Xiao Chang
Published: May 2024

The accurate calculation of the hotspot temperature of the cable intermediate joint can effectively guarantee the safe operation of the transmission and distribution network. This paper addresses the limitations of the current method of estimating hotspot temperature solely from surface temperature measurements. Specifically, we focus on a 110 kV single-core cable as our subject of study. We started by establishing a simulation model for the temperature field at the intermediate joint to generate data samples. Subsequently, the NCA (neighborhood component analysis) algorithm was employed to select the optimal measurement points on the cable’s surface. This allowed determination of the quantity and location of characteristic points. Finally, we developed a cascading inversion model, which consists of a radial inversion model and an axial inversion model, based on the extreme learning machine algorithm. The example results show that the mean squared error of hotspot temperature obtained by cascade inversion and direct inversion is 6.95 and 24.71, respectively, indicating that cascade inversion can effectively improve the inversion accuracy.
Study on the Interaction Propagation Mechanism of Inter-Cluster Fractures under Different Fracturing Sequences
Authors: Cai Xiaojun , Zhao Weixuan , Hu Tianbao , Du Xinwei , Wang Haiyang , Liu Xiong
Published: May 2024

Horizontal-well multi-cluster fracturing is one of the most important techniques for increasing the recovery rate in unconventional oil and gas reservoir development. However, under the influence of complex induced stress fields, the mechanism of interaction and propagation of fractures within each segment remains unclear. In this study, based on rock fracture criteria, combined with the boundary element displacement discontinuity method, a two-dimensional numerical simulation model of hydraulic fracturing crack propagation in a planar plane was established. Using this model, the interaction and propagation process of inter-cluster fractures under different fracturing sequences within horizontal well segments and the mechanism of induced stress field effects were analyzed. The influence mechanism of cluster spacing, fracture design length, and fracture internal pressure on the propagation morphology of inter-cluster fractures was also investigated. The research results indicate that, when using the alternating fracturing method, it is advisable to appropriately increase the cluster spacing to weaken the inhibitory effect of induced stress around the fractures created by prior fracturing on subsequent fracturing. Compared to the alternating fracturing method, the propagation morphology of fractures under the symmetrical fracturing method is more complex. At smaller cluster spacing, fractures created by prior fracturing are more susceptible to being captured by fractures from subsequent fracturing. The findings of this study provide reliable theoretical support for the optimization design of fracturing sequences and fracturing processes in horizontal well segments.
Underwater Multi-Channel MAC with Cognitive Acoustics for Distributed Underwater Acoustic Networks
Authors: Yun Changho
Published: May 2024

The advancement of underwater cognitive acoustic network (UCAN) technology aims to improve spectral efficiency and ensure coexistence with the underwater ecosystem. As the demand for short-term underwater applications operated under distributed topologies, like autonomous underwater vehicle cluster operations, continues to grow, this paper presents Underwater Multi-channel Medium Access Control with Cognitive Acoustics (UMMAC-CA) as a suitable channel access protocol for distributed UCANs. UMMAC-CA operates on a per-frame basis, similar to the Multi-channel Medium Access Control with Cognitive Radios (MMAC-CR) designed for distributed cognitive radio networks, but with notable differences. It employs a pre-determined data transmission matrix to allow all nodes to access the channel without contention, thus reducing the channel access overhead. In addition, to mitigate the communication failures caused by randomly occurring interferers, UMMAC-CA allocates at least 50% of frame time for interferer sensing. This is possible because of the fixed data transmission scheduling, which allows other nodes to sense for interferers simultaneously while a specific node is transmitting data. Simulation results demonstrate that UMMAC-CA outperforms MMAC-CR across various metrics, including those of the sensing time rate, controlling time rate, and throughput. In addition, except for in the case where the data transmission time coefficient equals 1, the message overhead performance of UMMAC-CA is also superior to that of MMAC-CR. These results underscore the suitability of UMMAC-CA for use in challenging underwater applications requiring multi-channel cognitive communication within a distributed network architecture.
Catchment Storage Command Relationship for Sustainable Rainfed Agriculture in the Semi-Arid Regions of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Narsimlu Boini , Prasad J. , Reddy A. , Chary Gajjala , Gopinath Kodigal , Sridhar K. , Balyan J. , Kothari Anil , Singh Vinod
Published: May 2024

This study conducted to evaluate catchment storage and command relationship and water use strategies under supplemental irrigation for sustainable rainfed agriculture in the semi-arid regions of Rajasthan, India. In southern Rajasthan, a small category of farmers is above 78%, the potential evapotranspiration is greater than the average rainfall with prevailing arid conditions, and rainfed agriculture is a challenging task. An agricultural micro watershed of 2.0 ha evaluated to establish a catchment storage command area (CSC) relationship and micro irrigation system as an effective water use strategy. The significant results indicate that a farm pond with a storage capacity of 560 m3 with permanent lining (cement + brick) is sufficient to harvest runoff water from a 2.0 ha catchment under the rainfall conditions of below normal (up to 50% deficit), long-term average, and wet years. Harvested rainwater can be used to irrigate a command area of even up to 1.0 ha, with supplemental irrigation of 5 cm in both the seasons of kharif as well as rabi. The two crops, maize (Zea mays) in the kharif season and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) in the rabi season, were significantly profitable with supplemental irrigation by adopting a drip irrigation system.
Sex-Based Asymmetry in the Association between Challenging Behaviours and Five Anxiety Disorders in Autistic Youth
Authors: Bitsika Vicki , Sharpley Christopher F. , Vessey Kirstan A. , Evans Ian D.
Published: May 2024

The presence of sex-based asymmetry in the behaviours of youths with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is currently under research scrutiny. ASD is characterised by challenging behaviour (CB) and is often accompanied by anxiety, both of which often exacerbate social interaction difficulties. The present study examined the presence of sex-based asymmetry in the prevalence of CB and anxiety and in the association between CB and anxiety in a sample including 32 male autistic youths (M age = 10.09, SD = 3.83, range = 6–18 yr) and 32 female autistic youths (M age = 10.31, SD = 2.57, range = 6–15 yr) matched for age, IQ, and ASD severity (p > .101). While the prevalence and severity of behavioural characteristics across males and females with ASD were similar (p = .767), representing symmetry, there was asymmetry in the ways that CBs and anxiety were associated with each other across the two sexes. Specifically, there were 3 instances of symmetry (r > .3, p < .05)), but there were also 10 occurrences of sex-based asymmetry (r < .3, p > .05) in the association between five aspects of CB and five anxiety disorders. These findings emphasise the underlying sex-based symmetry in the prevalence of ASD-related behaviours, also highlighting unique sex-based asymmetry in the association between CBs and anxiety in autistic youths.
Strategic HIV Case Findings among Infants at Different Entry Points of Health Facilities in Cameroon: Optimizing the Elimination of Mother-To-Child Transmission in Low- and- Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Nkenfou Celine Nguefeu , Nguefack-Tsague Georges , Nanfack Aubin Joseph , Moudourou Sylvie Agnes , Ngoufack Marie-Nicole , Yatchou Leaticia-Grace , Elong Elise Lobe , Kameni Joel-Josephine , Tiga Aline , Kamgaing Rachel , Kamgaing Nelly , Fokam Joseph , Ndjolo Alexis
Published: May 2024

Background: HIV case finding is an essential component for ending AIDS, but there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of such a strategy in the pediatric population. We sought to determine HIV positivity rates among children according to entry points in Cameroon. Methods: A facility-based survey was conducted from January 2015 to December 2019 among mother–child couples at various entry points of health facilities in six regions of Cameroon. A questionnaire was administered to parents/guardians. Children were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positivity rates were compared between entry points. Associations were quantified using the unadjusted positivity ratio (PR) for univariate analyses and the adjusted positivity ratio (aPR) for multiple Poisson regression analyses with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). p-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Overall, 24,097 children were enrolled. Among them, 75.91% were tested through the HIV prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program, followed by outpatient (13.27%) and immunization (6.27%) services. In total, PMTCT, immunization, and outpatient services accounted for 95.39% of children. The overall positivity was 5.71%, with significant differences (p < 0.001) between entry points. Univariate analysis showed that inpatient service (PR = 1.45; 95% CI: [1.08, 1.94]; p = 0.014), infant welfare (PR = 0.43; 95% CI: [0.28, 0.66]; p < 0.001), immunization (PR = 0.56; 95% CI: [0.45, 0.70]; p < 0.001), and PMTCT (PR = 0.41; 95% CI: [0.37, 0.46]; p < 0.001) were associated with HIV transmission. After adjusting for other covariates, only PMTCT was associated with transmission (aPR = 0.66; 95% CI: [0.51, 0.86]; p = 0.002). Conclusions: While PMTCT accounts for most tested children, high HIV positivity rates were found among children presenting at inpatient, nutrition, and outpatient services and HIV care units. Thus, systematic HIV testing should be proposed for all sick children presenting at the hospital who have escaped the PMTCT cascade.
Elucidating the Onset of Cross-Protective Immunity after Intranasal Vaccination with the Attenuated African Swine Fever Vaccine Candidate BA71ΔCD2
Authors: Marín-Moraleda David , Muñoz-Basagoiti Jordana , Tort-Miró Aida , Navas María Jesús , Muñoz Marta , Vidal Enric , Cobos Àlex , Martín-Mur Beatriz , Meas Sochanwattey , Motuzova Veronika , Chang Chia-Yu , Gut Marta , Accensi Francesc , Pina-Pedrero Sonia , Núñez José Ignacio , Esteve-Codina Anna , Gavrilov Boris , Rodriguez Fernando , Liu Lihong , Argilaguet Jordi
Published: May 2024

African swine fever (ASF) is a deadly disease of swine currently causing a worldwide pandemic, leading to severe economic consequences for the porcine industry. The control of disease spread is hampered by the limitation of available effective vaccines. Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) are currently the most advanced vaccine prototypes, providing strong protection against ASF. However, the significant advances achieved using LAVs must be complemented with further studies to analyze vaccine-induced immunity. Here, we characterized the onset of cross-protective immunity triggered by the LAV candidate BA71ΔCD2. Intranasally vaccinated pigs were challenged with the virulent Georgia 2007/1 strain at days 3, 7 and 12 postvaccination. Only the animals vaccinated 12 days before the challenge had effectively controlled infection progression, showing low virus loads, minor clinical signs and a lack of the unbalanced inflammatory response characteristic of severe disease. Contrarily, the animals vaccinated 3 or 7 days before the challenge just showed a minor delay in disease progression. An analysis of the humoral response and whole blood transcriptome signatures demonstrated that the control of infection was associated with the presence of virus-specific IgG and a cytotoxic response before the challenge. These results contribute to our understanding of protective immunity induced by LAV-based vaccines, encouraging their use in emergency responses in ASF-affected areas.
Use of Adjuvanted Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Older-Age Adults: A Systematic Review of Economic Evidence
Authors: O’Neill Ciaran , Crealey Grainne E.
Published: May 2024

Influenza vaccination is an important public health measure that can reduce disease burden, especially among older persons (those aged 65 and over) who have weaker immune systems. Evidence suggests enhanced vaccines, including adjuvanted quadrivalent vaccines (aQIV), may be particularly effective in this group. This study reports the results of a systematic review of the cost-effectiveness of aQIV in this population. The review was undertaken and reported in accordance with good practice guidelines. Medline and EMBASE were searched from 2013 to the present. Pre-selected eligibility criteria were employed and quality assessment undertaken using the Consensus Health Economic Criteria (CHEC-extended) checklist and Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standard (CHEERS) 2022 checklists. A total of 124 records were returned, with 10 full text papers retained. All were modelling studies and exhibited heterogeneity in approach, perspective, and parameter estimation. Nine papers reported cost-effectiveness ranging from EUR 6694/QALY to EUR 20,000/QALY in evaluations employing a payer perspective and from EUR 3936/QALY to EUR 17,200/QALY in those using a societal perspective. Results remained robust to a range of sensitivity analyses. One paper that reported contrary findings adopted a distinct modelling approach. It is reasonable to conclude that there is a broad consensus as to the cost-effectiveness of aQIV in this population group.
Hareket Tekrarlı Örnek İşlerde Ergonomik Risk Değerlendirmesi: OCRA Yöntemi
Authors: Oral Tuğçe , Uçan Rüştü
Published: May 2024

Çalışanlarda karşılaşılan kas ve iskelet sistemi (KİS) hastalıklarının temelinde ergonomik uygunsuzluklar yatmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, çalışma alanı sınırlarındaki tehlike ve riskler göz önünde bulundurulduğunda ‘az tehlikeli’ olarak nitelendirilen işyerlerinde istihdam edilen çalışanların günlük iş saatleri içerisindeki tekrarlı hareketlerine bağlı olarak ergonomik risk değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, genel olarak faaliyet alanına bakılmaksızın tüm işletmelerde ortak gereksinime yönelik iş akışında yer alabilen; servis şoförleri, yemek dağıtımında veya zincir marketlerde kasada görevi bulunan çalışanların ergonomik risk düzeyi belirlenmiştir. Araştırma da kullanılan OCRA yöntemi ile üç sektöre ait her iş istasyonu için yapılan tüm işlerin etkisi ayrı ayrı dikkate alınarak, OCRA indeksi hesaplanmıştır. Servis şoförleri için OCRA indeksi 6,015; kasa görevlileri için 8,163; yemek dağıtımında görevli çalışanlar için 4,2 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu üç sektöre ait OCRA indeks değerleri ‘Kırmızı Bölge’ olarak bulunmuştur. Bu durum servis şoförleri, kasiyerler ve yemek dağıtımı görevlileri için ergonomik açıdan yüksek risk altında olduğu saptanmıştır. İş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından her iş kolu için iş istasyonlarındaki mevcut çalışma koşullarının iyileştirilmesi gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Challenges and insights in the measurement of clinical reasoning skills: implications for instructional design and assessment
Authors: COLLARES CARLOS FERNANDO
Published: May 2024

In this letter to the Editor of Medical Teacher, the author shares technical solutions for the challenges faced in the analysis of Hornos et al. (2024), expanding on the practical implications of the findings in the education and assessment of clinical reasoning skills.
ATENÇÃO FARMACÊUTICA NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Farias Moraes Halyson , Sabrina Vieira Lins Francisca , Igor Alves Fernandes de Araújo Diego , Eduardo Ferreira Alves Francisco
Published: May 2024

Introdução: A indústria farmacêutica, sofreu transformações ao longo do tempo. Para orientar e estender o trabalho dos profissionais farmacêuticos às ações de atenção primária à saúde, tendo o medicamento como insumo estratégico e o paciente como foco principal, iniciou-se a construção consciente do conceito de Atenção Farmacêutica, sendo uma ferramenta que facilita a interação entre farmacêuticos e usuários do sistema de saúde, controla a terapêutica medicamentosa, previne, identifica e resolve problemas que possam surgir no processo. Objetivo: O presente artigo tem como objetivo mostrar a relevância da atenção farmacêutica na atenção primária à saúde. Metodologia: Caracteriza-se por ser uma revisão de integrativa, realizada através de uma análise da literatura. Critérios de inclusão foram artigos em português e inglês publicados entre 2019 a 2023, utilizando-se os seguintes descritores: “Atenção Farmacêutica”,” Atenção Primária” e “Pharmaceutical Attention AND Primary Attention”. Essas publicações foram obtidas por meio de uma busca exploratória, realizando o cruzamento dos descritores nas seguintes bases de dados: Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e PubMed. Resultados: A Atenção Farmacêutica, como prática, é uma ferramenta que facilita a interação entre farmacêuticos e usuários do sistema de saúde, facilita um melhor acompanhamento do paciente, controla a terapêutica medicamentosa, previne, identifica e resolve problemas que possam surgir no processo, não se limitando apenas a dispensação de medicamentos, mas abraça uma abordagem holística, focada na prevenção, educação e monitoramento contínuo, contribuindo para a promoção da saúde e a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Conclusão: A atenção farmacêutica na atenção primária desempenha um papel crucial na promoção da adesão ao tratamento, prevenção de reações adversas e identificação de potenciais interações medicamentosas. Ela contribui para a educação do paciente sobre o uso adequado de medicamentos, promovendo uma maior conscientização e responsabilidade no autocuidado.

PALAVRAS CHAVE: Atenção Primária; Paciente. Saúde; Atenção Farmacêutica.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF SOME GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS ON THE DECONTAMINATION QUALITY OF A NON-LAMBERTIAN TYPE DETECTOR, USING A UV-C LEDs MATRIX
Authors: SORICĂ Cristian , CRISTEA Mario , VLĂDUȚ Valentin
Published: May 2024

The ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has been studied and used in the recent decades as a mean to inactivate various potentially harmful microorganisms, being considered an effective treatment that could limit or even avoid the use of chemical disinfectants. Within the wavelength spectrum of UV radiation, the UV-C radiation wavelength ranging between 200 and 280 nm is considered lethal to most types of microorganisms. In this paper it was studied the variation of the distribution of radiation's intensity generated by a matrix of 25 UV-C LEDs (5 x 5), (assimilated to the LED panel above a stationary conveyor), on a spherical surface (assimilated to a berry) positioned in reprezentative locations below the matrix. A fruit located under the irradiation matrix receives the strongest radiation from the LED located at the smallest distance from it, but is influenced, as a result of the superposition principle, to a lesser extent by the other LEDs within the network. It has been found that for a too small distance between the matrix of LEDs and the conveyor, the radiation dose is uneven on the surface of fruit, and by increasing this distance a radiation distribution much more uniform is obtained, but at the expense of a decrease in its intensity and an increase in the time required for irradiation, implicitly leading to an increase in operating costs. In conclusion, for the most efficient operation of the equipment, a compromise solution must be chosen.
Hubungan Orang Tua Sebagai Pendidik Dengan Pemberian Pendidikan Seks Pada Anak Usia Dini (4-6 Tahun) Di TK
Authors: Okvitasari Yenny
Published: May 2024

Kurangnya pendidikan orang tua dalam pendidikan seks terhadap anak dan apabila tidak dimulai sejak dini akan menyebabkan anak mengetahui seks dari sumber yang salah. Wilayah Banjarmasin tercatatat perkara tahun 2017 kekerasan seksual terhadap anak dibawah umur dengan korban 30 kasus dan pelaku anak 11 kasus.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan orang tua sebagai pendidik dengan pemberian pendidikan seks pada anak usia dini (4-6 tahun) di TK di Banjarmasin. Metode penelitian menggunakan analitik dengan pendekatan cross Sectional. Populasi penelitian ini seluruh orang tua anak berusia 4-6 tahun di TK Diberjumlah 20 murid. Teknik pengambilan sampel Accidental sampling dengan uji statistik menggunakan uji Spearman Rank. Hasil penelitian dari 20 responden, didapatkan dari 13 orang tua sebagai pendidik  baik (65%)  dengan pemberian pendidikan seks yang baik sebanyak 12 orang baik (60%). Ada Hubungan orang tua sebagai pendidik dengan pemberian pendidikan seks pada anak usia dini (4-6 tahun) di TK (ρ value 0,000 < α 0,05).
Effect of Renewable Energi on CO2 Emissions in BRICS Countries
Authors: Mandimby Aubin Simon
Published: May 2024

This paper analyzes the effect of renewable energy on carbon emissions in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) from 1990 to 2020. Using the PMG panel ARDL approach to estimate the model. The findings indicate that renewable energy positively reduces carbon emissions in both the short and long run. However, industrialization and economic growth have a negative effect on carbon emissions reduction in both the short and long run. These results demonstrate the positive impact of renewable energies in reducing carbon emissions in BRICS countries. The study recommends that these countries promote renewable energies to meet their energy needs and reduce carbon emissions.
The Influence of Food Quality and Store Atmosphere on Consumer Satisfaction with Purchasing Decisions as an Intervening Variable
Authors: Huda Ferdian Hendrastama , Welsa Henny , Ningrum Nonik Kusuma
Published: May 2024

This research aims to examine the influence of food quality and shop atmosphere on consumer satisfaction with purchasing decisions as an intervening variable (case study of Rocket Chicken in Kemusuk Sedayu Bantul). This research uses quantitative research methods. The variables in this research are food quality, store atmosphere, consumer satisfaction, and purchasing decisions. The respondents in this research were consumers at Rocket Chicken in Kemusuk Sedayu Bantul. The number of samples in this study was 200 people. The data source used is primary data. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire distributed via Google Form. Data analysis techniques use SPSS 23 which consists of validity and reliability tests, descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, regression tests, hypothesis tests, coefficient of determination, and Sobel tests. The results of this research show that there is a positive and significant influence of food quality and shop atmosphere on consumer satisfaction with purchasing decisions as an intervening variable (Case Study of Rocket Chicken in Kemusuk Sedayu Bantul). Suggestions for future researchers to add other variables as intervening variables.
Analysis of Accounting Information System for Raw Material Inventory at PT. Smart Tbk. Padang Halaban
Authors: Pohan Rani Rufmana , Syafina Laylan , Nasution Yennin Samri Juliati
Published: May 2024

The Accounting Information System (AIS) is a vital component in providing financial and accounting data, along with information related to daily accounting transactions. This research focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of AIS using ERP-SAP in managing raw material inventory and supporting production efficiency at PT. Smart Tbk. Padang Halaban, a palm oil plantation company. The qualitative descriptive method was employed to gather data through literature review, interviews, and direct observations. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of AIS using ERP-SAP has improved the standard of financial reporting, meeting the required qualitative criteria. However, limitations exist in the AIS application, particularly regarding suboptimal raw material inventory tracking and integration issues between different systems, such as inventory and accounting systems, leading to data discrepancies. The conclusion drawn from this research highlights the necessity for adjustments, developments, and improvements in AIS features to meet the specific company requirements. The implications of these findings emphasize the importance of continuously optimizing AIS to support more efficient and accurate business processes, while adapting to technological advancements and company needs.
Parvovirus B19 infection: characteristics of population immunity in the world
Authors: Nikishov Oleg N. , Kuzin Alexander A. , Lavrentieva Irina N. , Antipova Anastasia Yu. , Nikishov Sergey N.
Published: May 2024

Parvovirus B19 infection (PVI) is one of the relatively new problems in infectology, data on the study of its prevalence in our country began to appear only at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The article presents the results of an analysis of studies from available literature sources highlighting the prevalence of PVI markers at the population level among different social groups of the population at the present stage. The clinical manifestations of PVI are diverse, which requires differential diagnosis, both with exanthemic infectious diseases and with non-infectious pathology. Due to the peculiarity of PVI pathogenesis, it is relevant for various socially significant populations, primarily patients with exanthemic manifestations of various diseases, persons from among blood donors, pregnant women and women planning pregnancy. Furthermore, unlike most countries, our country does not have a system for PVI detecting and reporting in the system of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, which makes it difficult to conduct research on this topic.