bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interrelation of Literature and Choreography in the Works of John Neumeier
Authors: Popova Kseniia
Published: August 2023

The subject of the study is one of the main lines in the work of choreographer John Neumeier - the interpretation of literary works on the ballet stage. This article discusses his productions based on literature such as "The Lady with Camellias" (1978), "Peer Gynt" (1989/2015), "The Seagull" (2002), "Death in Venice" (2003), "Anna Karenina" (2017), "The Glass Menagerie" (2019). Neumeier's ballets reveal a special relationship between literature and choreography. The performances created by him are not just a fact of illustrating the plot of the original source, but an attempt to penetrate into the essence of the author's idea, reflect and emphasize the details found in the text in the language of choreography. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that when analyzing several key performances from the choreographer's creative biography, the prospect of considering the literary line of his ballets as a separate phenomenon opened up. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were made. Firstly, an important feature of Neumeier's ballets, based on literary works, is a clearly structured dramaturgy of all components of the performance: action, music, choreography, set design. Secondly, when working with a literary source, most often the choreographer transfers the action to the modern world, while not going against the author's intention, but on the contrary, enhances the relevance of the themes embedded in the works, declaring the timeless existence of the meanings of the text. Thirdly, the interrelation of literature and choreography in Neumeier's work takes the choreographer's work with the text to an absolutely new level, which allows us to talk about the great possibilities of non-verbal interpretation in the ballet theater as a whole.
The Gift Paradigm: Towards a Science of “total social facts”
Authors: Fistetti Francesco
Published: August 2023

Abstract In this essay I argue that Marcel Mauss’s “Essay on the Gift” (1925) is not only intended to inaugurate a new paradigm on the terrain of ethnology and anthropology, but at the same time to make the gift a kind of novum organum of the social sciences and of moral and political philosophy itself. In the first part, I reconstructed the critique that M. Merleau-Ponty and C. Lefort have made to Lévi-Strauss’s “structuralist” reading of Mauss, and, in a second part, I emphasised the importance that M. Hénaff assigned to the ceremonial gift of traditional societies as an intentional procedure of public mutual recognition between groups. But, using some of A. Caillé’s indications, I explain that this device of mutual recognition and alliance, characteristic of the gift cycle (giving/receiving/ reciprocating) also applies in modern societies whenever legal-political institutions become sclerotized and lose their legitimacy in the face of new actors in political action (newcomers or new arrivals, to use the Arendtian category of natality in a broad sense).
DENEYİMSEL PAZARLAMA UYGULAMALARININ SATIN ALMA EĞİLİME ETKİSİ: TEKNOLOJİ SEKTÖRÜNE YÖNELİK ODAK GRUP ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: KADİRHAN Kemal , OKAT Özen
Published: August 2023

Artan rekabet koşulları nedeniyle geçmiş yıllara kıyasla tüketicilerin ihtiyaç ve talepleri her geçen gün farklılaşmakta ve çeşitlenmektedir. Tüketiciler artık ürünlerin veya hizmetlerin fiziksel özelliklerinden çok, soyut değerlerine ve özelliklerine odaklanmaktadırlar. Bu çerçeveden değerlendirildiğinde deneyimsel pazarlama, markaların tüketicileriyle olan duygusal ve duyusal iletişimini; bağını arttıran bir pazarlama yöntemi olması itibarıyla ürün ve hizmetlerin soyut değerlerini artıran bir yöntem olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Zira tüketiciler yeni dünya düzeninde markaların mevcut ürün veya hizmetlerinde, duygusal değerlerle şekillenmiş eşsiz deneyimler talep eder hale gelmişlerdir. İnternet temelliı teknolojinin gelişmesi sayesinde ise çift taraflı iletişim süreçlerinin yaygınlaşması, tüketicilerin eskisine göre markaların tüm süreçlerine daha fazla dahil olmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu durum da markaların deneyimlerini daha ön plana alarak pazarlama iletişimi uygulamalarını kurgulamalarına imkan sağlamıştır. Deneyimin önem kazandığı noktada bu çalışma kapsamında teknoloji sektöründeki ulusal ve uluslararası markalara ait deneyimsel pazarlama uygulamalarının tüketici satın alma eğilimlerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda katılımcılardan odak grup yöntemiyle elde edilen veriler, içerik analizi yöntemi ile yorumlanarak deneyimsel pazarlama uygulamalarının tüketici satın alma eğilimine olan etkisi irdelenmiştir. Böylelikle deneyim pazarlaması alanında deneyim mağazalarının tüketicilerin satın alma karar verme sürecindeki etkileri ortaya konularak sektöre ışık tutacak veriler elde edilmiştir.
Pensamento e linguagem: Vygotsky, Wallon, Chomsky e Piaget
Authors: Dongo-Montoya Adrian Oscar
Published: August 2023

Este trabalho analisa as teorias científicas que procuram explicar a aquisição e o desenvolvimento da linguagem e do pensamento sob a perspectiva genética. Essa análise é feita a partir dos debates entre seus expoentes mais ilustres, como Vygotsky, Wallon, Chomsky e Piaget, e dos pontos de convergência e divergência entre eles. Apesar das diferenças, há entre esses pensadores um propósito comum: fundamentar o estudo psicológico daquelas funções sobre bases científicas e genéticas e superar as concepções idealistas e materialistas mecanicistas. Desse modo, Dongo-Montoya retoma o tema da origem do pensamento da linguagem, com o debate entre Vygotsky e Piaget, cujas ideias estiveram presentes nas discussões do século XX. Na sequência, confronta as posições de Wallon e Piaget e de Piaget e Chomsky. Por fim, o autor dedica-se a evidenciar o pensamento mais atual e acabado de Piaget sobre o tema e a apresentar as consequências do desenvolvimento desses debates e dessas teorias sobre pensamento e linguagem para as questões educacionais e pedagógicas atuais.
Research on the surface structure engineering of boron nitride nanotubes and mechanism of their regulation on the properties of epoxy composite dielectric
Authors: Ren Jun-Wen  , Jiang Guo-Qing  , Chen Zhi-Jie  , Wei Hua-Chao  , Zhao Li-Hua  , Jia Shen-Li  ,   College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 China
Published: August 2023

Adding nanofillers to epoxy resin matrices is a common approach to achieve their multi-function, among which boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) with one-dimensional nanostructures have attracted much attention because of their ultra-high thermal conductivity, wide energy level band gap, high aspect ratio and mechanical strength. Yet, the strong π-π non-covalent bonding and lip-lip interactions make BNNTs prone to agglomeration in the epoxy resin matrix. Moreover, the different physicochemical properties of BNNTs and epoxy resins as well as the chemical inertness of BNNTs surface lead to the lack of effective interfacial interaction between BNNTs and epoxy resin matrix. Therefore, the performance of the epoxy composite dielectric is not enhanced by simple blending solely, but will even have the opposite effect. To address the problems of BNNTs, in this article, the surface structure of BNNTs was constructed from the perspective of interface modulation by using sol-gel method to coat mesoporous silica (mSiO2) on BNNTs surface and further introducing silane coupling agent (KH560). The results indicate that constructing the surface structure of BNNTs can optimize the level of interfacial interaction between BNNTs and epoxy resin matrix, which results in stronger interfacial connection and elimination of internal pore phenomenon. The dielectric constant and loss of the composite dielectric prepared in this way were further reduced, reaching 4.1 and 0.005 respectively at power frequency, which was significantly lower than that of pure epoxy resin. At the same time, the mechanical toughness (3.01 MJ/m3) and thermal conductivity (0.34 W/(m·K)) were greatly improved compared with pure epoxy resin. In addition, the unique nano-mesoporous structure of mSiO2 endowed the composite dielectric with a large number of deep traps, which effectively hinders the migration of electrons, thereby improving the electrical strength of the composite dielectric, and the breakdown field strength reached 95.42 kV/mm. Further, Tanaka multinuclear model was used to systematically investigate the interfacial mechanism of BNNTs surface structure construct on dielectric relaxation and trap distribution of composite dielectrics. The above results indicated that the good interfacial interaction between BNNTs and epoxy resin matrix was crucial for the establishment of the micro-interface structure and the improvement of macroscopic properties of composite dielectrics. This paper offered a novel idea for the multifunctionalities of epoxy resin, and also provided some experimental data support for revealing the correlation between surface properties of nano-fillers, microstructure of composite dielectric and macroscopic properties.
Reverse design of ultracompact micro-nano wavelength beam splitter based on quadratic programming algorithm
Authors: Li Jia-Xiang , Wang Hui-Qin , Xu He-Qing , Zhang Hua , Feng Yan , Dong Mei-Tong ,   School of Mathematics, Physics & Statistics, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China,   Institute of Robotics, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China,   Spreadtrum Communications (Shanghai) Integrated Technology Resources Department, Shanghai 201203, China
Published: August 2023

Micro-nano wavelength beam splitter is an important beam-splitting device in photonic chips. In this study, the sequence quadratic program is used to design ultra-compact wavelength beam splitters with footprints of 1.5 μm × 1.5 μm. The Y-type dual channel beam splitter can realize TE/TM mode splitting at the same time, the transmissions of TE mode light at 1140 nm and 1200 nm are 80% and 81%, and the extinction ratios are 18.1 dB and 16.3 dB, respectively. The transmissions of TM mode light are 70% and 67%, and the extinction ratios are 18.3 dB and 15.9 dB, respectively. The T-type beam splitter realizes 180° separation angle splitting, and the transmissions of optical power at the wavelengths of 1100 nm and 1170 nm both reach 88%, and the extinction ratios are 16.6 dB and 15.0 dB, respectively. It is the smallest size chip-integrated wavelength beam splitter. The cross-type three-channel beam splitter realizes splitting with a wavelength interval of 50 nm. The transmissions at the wavelengths of 1100, 1150 and 1200 nm are 73%, 66% and 70%, and the extinction ratios are 17.2, 13.8 and 13.8 dB, respectively. The asymmetric three-channel beam splitter realizes splitting with the wavelength interval of 20 nm. The transmissions at the wavelengths of 1200, 1220 and 1240 nm are 61%, 56% and 57%, and the extinction ratios are 10.8, 7.9 and 8.9 dB, respectively. This method has the advantages of a short design period, high design efficiency, simple structure, easy processing, and suitability for designing chip-integrated photonic components. It is expected that it can provide a new idea for designing chip-integrated photonic devices.
AIDS virus-neutralizing antibody induction reciprocal to a PI3K gain-of-function disease
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Matano Tetsuro
Published: August 2023

HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections are known for impaired neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses. While sequential virus-host B cell interaction appears to be basally required for NAb induction, driver molecular signatures predisposing to NAb induction still remain largely unknown. Here we describe SIV-specific NAb induction following a virus-host interplay reciprocal to a congenital human antibody-dysregulating disease. Screening of seventy neutralization-resistant SIV
mac239
-infected macaques found nine NAb-inducing animals, with seven selecting for a specific CD8
+
T-cell escape mutation in viral
nef
before NAb induction. This mutation reduced aberrant Nef interaction-mediated drive of B-cell maturation-limiting phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2).
In vivo
imaging cytometry depicted preferential Nef perturbation of cognate Envelope-specific B cells, corroborating cognate B-cell maturation post-mutant selection up to NAb induction. Results exemplify a NAb induction pattern extrinsically reciprocal to human PI3K gain-of-function antibody dysregulation, shaped through two-front, sequential virus interaction with both wings of adaptive immunity.
Synapsin E-domain is essential for α-synuclein function
Authors: Stavsky Alexandra , Parra-Rivas Leonardo A. , Tal Shani , Madhivanan Kayalvizhi , Roy Subhojit , Gitler Daniel
Published: August 2023

The cytosolic proteins synucleins and synapsins are thought to play cooperative roles in regulating synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling, but mechanistic insight is lacking. Here we identify the synapsin E-domain as an essential functional binding-partner of α-synuclein (α-syn). Synapsin E-domain allows α-syn functionality, binds to α-syn, and is necessary and sufficient for enabling effects of α-syn at the synapse. Together with previous studies implicating the E-domain in clustering SVs, our experiments advocate a cooperative role for these two proteins in maintaining physiologic SV clusters.
ChatGPT identifies gender disparities in scientific peer review
Authors: Verharen Jeroen PH
Published: August 2023

The peer review process is a critical step in ensuring the quality of scientific research. However, its subjectivity has raised concerns. To investigate this issue, I examined over 500 publicly available peer review reports from 200 published neuroscience papers in 2022–2023. OpenAI’s generative artificial intelligence ChatGPT was used to analyze language use in these reports, which demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional lexicon- and rule-based language models. As expected, most reviews for these published papers were seen as favorable by ChatGPT (89.8% of reviews), and language use was mostly polite (99.8% of reviews). However, this analysis also demonstrated high levels of variability in how each reviewer scored the same paper, indicating the presence of subjectivity in the peer review process. The results further revealed that female first authors received less polite reviews than their male peers, indicating a gender bias in reviewing. In addition, published papers with a female senior author received more favorable reviews than papers with a male senior author, for which I discuss potential causes. Together, this study highlights the potential of generative artificial intelligence in performing natural language processing of specialized scientific texts. As a proof of concept, I show that ChatGPT can identify areas of concern in scientific peer review, underscoring the importance of transparent peer review in studying equitability in scientific publishing.
The Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin resistance-associated protein Kelch 13 is required for formation of normal cytostomes
Authors: Tutor Madel V. , Shami Gerald J. , Siddiqui Ghizal , Creek Darren J. , Tilley Leann , Ralph Stuart A.
Published: August 2023

Artemisinin (ART) is a quick-killing and effective antimalarial activated by the haem derived from haemoglobin digestion. Mutations in the parasite’s Kelch 13 (K13) protein compromise the efficacy of this drug. Recent studies indicate an undefined role for K13 in haemoglobin uptake. Here, we show that K13 is associated with the collar that constricts cytostomal invaginations required for the parasite to ingest host cytosol. Induced mislocalisation of K13 led to the formation of atypical invaginations lacking the cytostomal ring and constricted neck normally associated with cytostomes. Moreover, the levels of haemoglobin degradation products, haem and haemozoin, are decreased when K13 is inactivated. Our findings demonstrate that K13 is required for normal formation and/or stabilisation of the cytostome, and thereby the parasite’s uptake of haemoglobin. This is consistent with perturbation of K13 function leading to decreased activation of ART and consequently, reduced killing.Artemisinin-resistant parasites contain mutations in the gene encoding the Kelch 13 protein (K13). How K13 mutations result in artemisinin resistance is unclear. Here, we present evidence that normal K13 is required for the formation of the cytostome, a specialised parasite feeding apparatus used to endocytose host cell haemoglobin. Our results suggest that artemisinin resistance is due to a decrease in artemisinin activation brought about by a decrease in efficiency of haemoglobin uptake and consequently reduced production of haem.
I feel addicted to watching TV series: association between binge-watching and mental health
Authors: Favieri Francesca , Forte Giuseppe , Tambelli Renata , Tomai Manuela , Casagrande Maria
Published: August 2023

Background

Binge-watching (BW) is the consecutive viewing of three or more episodes of the same series in one sitting. Although some negative effects on mental health were evidenced, the continuum of BW from leisure activity to problematic behavior is still unclear. This study aimed to analyze mental health (depression, trait anxiety, social anxiety, impulsivity, alexithymia) of people involved in different expressions of BW.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey collected data from 482 respondents. According to a validated BW questionnaire, participants were divided into Problematic BW, Moderate BW, Non-BW, and No-viewer, and differences between groups were tested on psychological dimensions assessed via standardized questionnaires evaluating: trait and social anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and emotional dysregulation.

Results

An association between problematic BW and worse mental health conditions was evidenced, and a positive effect of non-problematic BW was supported. A negative linear trend from the BW as a leisure activity to problematic BW was marked, indicating how a possible maladaptive behavior orientation of BW in specific mental health conditions could be figured out as a behavioral addiction.
Desarrollo de genotipos tolerantes a herbicidas mediante mutagenesis en Chenopodium quinoa Willd
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Espinoza Salinas Valery
Published: August 2023

El cultivo de quínoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) se ha vuelto importante a nivel mundial, ampliar la superficie y reducir las pérdidas de rendimiento está condicionado por diferentes factores, uno de ellos el control de malezas y su limitación por la falta de herbicidas selectivos para el cultivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar genotipos de quínoa tolerantes a herbicidas post-emergentes y su control en malezas de hoja ancha a través de mutagénesis mediante metasulfonato de etilo (EMS). Se utilizaron tres genotipos de C. quinoa (QLUC-02, QLUC-RCH y QLUC-NCH), siete diferentes tipos de herbicidas y EMS a diferentes concentraciones para promover e identificar mutantes tolerantes. En una primera fase se evaluó y validó la concentración ideal de EMS, seleccionando un 2,5% y el genotipo QLUCNCH para una dosis letal media, y en la segunda, se evaluó la fitotoxicidad de los herbicidas y se validó la tolerancia. Se obtuvieron los siguientes porcentajes de tolerancia: tratamientos inhibidores del fotosistema II (Basagran, Betanal expert (C) y Venzar (C)) con 1,4; 10,8 y 0,25% de sobrevivencia, respectivamente; el herbicida de las sulfonilureas con 5,5; 9,2 y 17,8% para Safari (A), Safari (B) y Safari (C); el tratamiento con Flex (inhibidor de la enzima PPO) con 0,98%; mientras que tratamientos con Escolta y Bectra tuvieron total letalidad de plantas. Esto reveló que la sobrevivencia de las plantas se puede deber a una tolerancia causada por mutaciones.
Primacía urbana, densidad rural y el sector agrícola
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Burry Riveros Felipe Alfredo
Published: August 2023

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto de la primacía urbana y la densidad rural en el crecimiento económico, el sector y productividad agrícola en una muestra de entre 90 y 127 países. En este, se utilizan modelos de regresión para datos de panel y datos entre los años 1960 y 2015. Los resultados demuestran que la primacía urbana tiene un impacto negativo en el crecimiento económico, el sector agrícola y positivo en la productividad sectorial. Del mismo modo, la densidad rural tiene un impacto positivo tanto para el crecimiento económico como para la productividad agrícola. La investigación además encuentra que la interacción entre la primacía urbana y la educación tienen un impacto positivo para el crecimiento económico. Además, se sugiere que el exceso de primacía urbana puede generar efectos negativos en el crecimiento económico y que la densidad rural tiene impactos positivos en el sector agrícola. Estos hallazgos sugieren que las políticas públicas descentralizadoras podrían ser beneficiosas para reducir el impacto negativo de la primacía urbana y aumentar el impacto positivo de la densidad rural.
Efecto de las coberturas vegetales sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo, rendimiento y calidad de la fruta en huertos de cerezos (Prunus avium L.) y viñedos (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Carmona García Charlie Esperanza
Published: August 2023

El presente proyecto se desarrolló con el objetivo principal de evaluar la relación entre el uso de coberturas vegetales y las propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo, así como su impacto en el rendimiento y/o calidad de la fruta. Se llevaron a cabo estudios en tres huertos de cerezos (Prunus avium L.) y tres viñedos (Vitis vinifera L.), ubicados en las regiones Metropolitana y Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins (Chile). El diseño experimental consistió en bloques al azar con 2 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones (hileras) para cada tratamiento. Los tratamientos fueron: Control (C), sin cobertura vegetal, y Tratamiento (T), con cobertura vegetal. En cada uno de los predios se recolectaron muestras para realizar análisis de suelos, análisis foliares y análisis de frutos con la finalidad de comprender los efectos de la cobertura vegetal en los cambios de las características fisicoquímicas del suelo, la nutrición del cultivo, el rendimiento y la calidad de la fruta. Estas mediciones se llevaron a cabo en diferentes etapas fenológicas de los cultivos, incluyendo la floración, el crecimiento de los frutos y la cosecha, el período postcosecha y durante el receso invernal. Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis de varianza de los parámetros estudiados. Los resultados indican que los cambios en los parámetros evaluados no están directamente vinculados al tratamiento de cobertura vegetal, sino más bien a factores como la ubicación, los períodos de evaluación y el manejo del cultivo. Considerar que el efecto de las coberturas vegetales en el suelo y el cultivo comercial puede requerir un período prolongado de uso para que tenga un impacto significativo. Se destaca tener en cuenta los niveles bajos de N y P en el suelo, ya que podrían conducir a deficiencias nutricionales en las temporadas siguientes.
Formación estética y cultura visual en la enseñanza de las Artes Visuales de liceos municipales: estudio de casos colectivo en las comunas de Las Condes y Recoleta en Santiago de Chile
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Artes, Benítez Berrios Virginia Paz
Published: August 2023

La presente investigación tiene como propósito, realizar un marco de lectura interpretativo y comprensivo de las coordenadas con las que se construye la cultura visual y la formación estética, a través de la enseñanza de las Artes Visuales en el nivel de 4° año de enseñanza media y municipal de dos sectores, política y económicamente opuestos del Chile contemporáneo. El eje articulador y argumentativo de nuestra investigación se enmarca desde la posición de los estudios de cultura visual, cuya noción enfatiza en desarrollar la comprensión crítica del individuo frente a las imágenes que transforman la realidad e inciden en los valores éticos e intereses de las personas. Ello, puesto que constituye aún, una novedad para las y los docentes de Artes Visuales de enseñanza secundaria en nuestro país. El valor científico de este estudio se sustenta en un conjunto ordenado y sistematizado de saberes, desde el enfoque metodológico cualitativo de estudio de casos colectivo compuesto por métodos y técnicas, con un adecuado enfoque dialéctico materialista mediante la revisión teórica y el empleo de instrumentos de recogida de datos, como entrevistas y observaciones. Para la presente investigación tomamos como estudio de casos colectivo el grupo de profesores de Artes Visuales que realizan sus actividades en los liceos de las comunas de Recoleta y Las Condes de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile, preguntándonos: ¿cuál es el discurso visual de las y los docentes en la sala de clases?, ¿con qué criterios seleccionan las imágenes?, ¿cómo influye el material pedagógico empleado por el/la docente en las representaciones visuales de las y los estudiantes?, ¿están dichas decisiones didácticas determinadas por factores políticos, ideológicos o económicos? Interrogantes que comportan solo algunas de las preguntas que se desarrollan en este trabajo, de las cuales emergen respuestas, aunque, sin proponer soluciones, ya que más bien es una invitación a reflexionar sobre los mensajes y valores que el/la docente transmite a través de las imágenes, su influencia en las creaciones de las y los estudiantes, y su relación con la posición político-ideológica de la administración municipal de la cual dependen los liceos municipales de las comunas de Las Condes y Recoleta. De esta manera, repensar la calidad de la enseñanza de las Artes Visuales en la era actual de la “imagen-mundo”.
Education, crime and violence: evidence of interventions in developing countries
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Economía, Dinarte Díaz Lelys Ileana
Published: August 2023

This dissertation contains three essays on crime, violence, and education in the frame of development economics. The first two chapters study how specific educational interventions and the way they are implemented can determine students’ cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes, including socio-emotional skills and violent behavior. Finally, the last chapter explores how providing public infrastructure in developing countries can drive some unintended short-term effects on their economic development.
Información conjuntamente verificable en un problema de agencia
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Economía, Croquevielle Rendic Juan Andrés
Published: August 2023

Un principal posee un objeto, y puede dárselo a un agente. Este último desea obtenerlo, y conoce la utilidad que obtendría su contraparte si decide entregarlo, mientras que esto es incierto para el principal. No obstante, existe un test que revela información significativa para este último. Dicha prueba es costosa para estos individuos, y su realización requiere de la aprobación de ambos. Se muestra que, si el test es infalible, el mecanismo óptimo depende del costo que significa la verificación para el principal, así como de sus creencias a priori acerca del tipo del agente. Si la verificación es defectuosa, las decisiones óptimas del principal están fuertemente ligadas a la magnitud del ruido, y al costo en que incurre el agente al realizar el test. En base a estos elementos, puede convenirle dar el objeto a todo evento, sin hacer el test; o bien puede ser óptimo informarse siempre antes de entregar el bien.
Modelamiento de las decisiones conjuntas de cutting stock, lot-sizing y pricing para productos perecibles mediante el uso de un modelo de decisión markoviano
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Ingeniería, Bijit Davidovics Joaquín Antonio
Published: August 2023

En esta tesis se estudia y resuelve el problema que enfrentan algunas empresas productivas que deben tomar decisiones de fijación de precios y manejo de inventarios respecto a productos que se obtienen a partir del trozado de un tipo de insumo único. Se asume que la demanda por cada producto y su variabilidad como función de su precio son conocidos, que estos son perecibles y que, por lo tanto, pueden mermar a un costo dado. El problema propuesto es complejo de resolver, debido a la naturaleza entera de alguna de sus decisiones y no lineal en su función objetivo. La naturaleza entera de algunas decisiones proviene del hecho de que los problemas de corte y manejo de inventario son de naturaleza entera. Por su parte, la naturaleza no linea de en la función objetivo se debe a el cálculo del ingreso por ventas corresponde a la multiplicación entre el precio pagado y las unidades compradas, siendo estas últimas una función entre la demanda, que depende del precio, y el inventario disponible. Para enfrentar este problema conjunto de decisiones de precio, corte e inventario, se propone un enfoque de solución basado en una formulación del problema como un proceso de decisión markoviano (MDP), el que se resuelve de manera aproximada utilizando programación lineal y una aproximación afín de su función de valor. Para evaluar el desempeño de la política de decisión obtenida por medio del enfoque propuesto se hace una comparación de esta, mediante el uso de un modelo de simulación, con respecto a una política convencional que decide en cada época de decisión las políticas de precio y corte que maximizan la utilidad del negocio. Los resultados sugieren que el uso del enfoque de solución propuesto podría generar una utilidad mucho mayor a la generada por la política convencional debido a un mejor manejo de la producción y de las decisiones de precios.
Información de sostenibilidad en gobiernos locales de Brasil
Authors: Cunha Darliane Ribeiro , Parada Fernando Morales , Pajares Julio Hernández
Published: August 2023

El objetivo del estudio es analizar la naturaleza y nivel de cumplimiento de divulgación de información sobre sostenibilidad en los sitios web de municipios brasileños. Asimismo, evaluar si el tamaño de los municipios tiene relación con los niveles de divulgación. El estudio se realizó de acuerdo con la teoría institucional y de legitimidad, analiza la influencia de la normativa emitida por organizaciones internacionales y locales en el nivel de divulgación de sostenibilidad. El estudio fue una investigación de campo exploratoria y de alcance descriptivo con la utilización de la técnica de análisis de contenido mediante índices de cumplimento de información en los sitios web de 26 municipios brasileños. Los resultados señalan que la divulgación presenta una mayor información de carácter general sobre sostenibilidad, pero limitada en la información económica y contable. El estudio también contribuye a confirmar una falta de influencia institucional que permita un cumplimiento de estándares internacionales en la divulgación de sostenibilidad. La estandarización en la información de sostenibilidad, a través de informes o de un conjunto de indicadores por entes reguladores, puede contribuir a uniformizar la divulgación para un mayor número de stakeholders. El estudio busca ayudar en la promoción del desarrollo sostenible en la administración pública en general. Asimismo, evaluar si los estándares de sostenibilidad propuestos bajo normativa internacional pueden ser útil en la divulgación de información por la administración pública.
Balsas de puya (Puya chilensis Molina 1782) en el litoral higromórfico de Chile entre los siglos XVI y XIX
Authors: Quiroz Daniel
Published: August 2023

En el litoral higromórfico chileno se utilizaron diversas embarcaciones para múltiples propósitos. Una de las menos conocidas es la balsa de troncos de puya, cuyo uso está bien documentado en la obra del historiador jesuita Diego de Rosales (1877 [1674], 1991 [1680]). La evidencia arqueológica de su uso es indirecta (la existencia de algunas islas pobladas) y en este trabajo nos interesa evaluar la información proporcionada por Rosales, cotejándola con la entregada por otros europeos que observaron la balsa, antes y después de las descripciones del cronista jesuita. Es importante destacar que la descripción de la balsa de troncos de puya se hace contra el trasfondo de la balsa andina u oceánica registrada por diversos cronistas desde el siglo XVI. A pesar de lo fragmentario de la documentación, la balsa de puya es una embarcación de gran interés para entender los diversos sistemas de navegación desarrollados en las costas del Centro Sur de Chile por los grupos que la habitaron hasta fines del siglo XIX.
Tras los rastros de poblaciones costeras en paisajes litorales olvidados del semiárido: Nuevas evidencias arqueológicas en la localidad de Totoralillo, Región de Coquimbo
Authors: Alvarado Rodrigo , Monroy Matus Ignacio , Bravo Castillo Alvaro
Published: August 2023

La costa de Totoralillo se localiza entre las extensas bahías de Coquimbo y Tongoy que alcanzan una longitud de 60 kilómetros y un ancho medio de 3 a 5 kilómetros aproximadamente. En este espacio es posible reconocer un amplio abanico geomorfológico que permite la existencia de ecosistemas con una rica biodiversidad (como esteros y humedales), los cuales configuran una zona con un alto potencial investigativo para el estudio de sociedades costeras del pasado. Sin embargo, este atractivo escenario contrasta con la falta de sistematicidad y continuidad de los estudios arqueológicos que únicamente han permitido caracterizar en términos muy generales y segmentados la forma en que estas poblaciones prehispánicas habitaron esta porción litoral. De este modo, el siguiente trabajo presenta los resultados obtenidos de las actividades de inspección arqueológica y levantamiento fotogramétrico realizadas en la localidad de Totoralillo. Los resultados preliminares permiten señalar una intensa ocupación del borde costero con una significativa presencia de asentamientos tipo alero y/o conchal. Sobre esta base, se discute respecto a un particular sistema de asentamiento, las evidencias que constituyen este paisaje litoral, las posibles relaciones con otros sectores de la costa, la utilidad de las metodologías empleadas para este tipo de contextos y las perspectivas que ofrece el desarrollo de estudios sistemáticos en la zona dimensionando la relevancia arqueológica de este territorio.
Comparative Evaluation of Topical Betamethasone Dipropionate Lotion 0.05% versus its Combination with Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection in Alopecia Areata: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Tiwari Amit Kumar , Ameta Pooja , Garg Pradeep , Aara Naushin
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Alopecia Areata (AA) is non-cicatricial patchy hair loss, which is fairly common and may evoke feelings of vulnerability and loss of self-esteem in patients. Many different treatment modalities have been recommended, including topical, systemic, and intralesional corticosteroids (ILCs). However, no treatment has consistently produced satisfactory results, and various topical therapies used in the past have shown limited effectiveness. ILC is the most commonly used treatment for AA, especially in patients with <50% area involved. Despite this, there is a lack of adequately powered randomised controlled trials assessing the efficacy, safety, and duration of response. Aim: To compare the efficacy of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection, topical betamethasone dipropionate lotion 0.05%, and their combination in treating AA. Materials and Methods: This randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, SMS Medical College, a Tertiary Care Hospital in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, over a one-year period from August 2012 to July 2013. The study included patients aged 11 to 50 years who were willing to provide informed consent. A total of 120 patients were randomised into two groups (Group A and Group B) of 60 patients each. Twenty patients did not follow up, leaving 53 patients in Group A and 47 patients in Group B who completed the study were 53 in group A and 47 in group B. Group A received topical betamethasone dipropionate lotion 0.05% with single-night application and intralesional triamcinolone acetonide 10 mg/mL at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Group B received topical betamethasone dipropionate lotion 0.05% with single-night application and intralesional normal saline at the same intervals. Patients were followed up for an additional 12 weeks. Responses were evaluated using the Hair Regrowth Grade (HRG) scale, and statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. Results: Among the study population, the majority of patients (49, 41%) were in the age group of 21-30 years, with 91 males and 29 females. At the end of the 12-week treatment and 12- week follow-up period, Group A showed greater improvement, with 62% of patients achieving hair regrowth grade scale S-IV (76-100%), and 87% {S-IV (76-100%)} respectively, as compared to only 13% in Group B. Similarly, in the follow-up period, Group A had a higher percentage of patients with S-IV (76-100%) regrowth (87%) compared to Group B (32%). Conclusion: This study concludes that intralesional triamcinolone acetonide 10 mg/mL is an effective and safe treatment option for AA. The addition of single-night application of betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% lotion yields better results than using either treatment alone.
The Role of E- Wallet Applications on -E-Shopping Behavior of Millenial Mothers in Select Cities of Indonesia
Authors: Susyani Novi , Haq Dzikri Muhammad Dhiya'ul , Putri Bunga Andini , Bella Yescinta , Murizadin Noval , Komala Dewi
Published: August 2023

The research objective is to focus on how people use the E-wallet application using the internet on smartphones, especially millennial mothers. In the digital era with the extraordinary development of technology and information today affects all sectors of the economy, one of which can be seen from financial transaction systems such as cash transactions to non-cash transactions or electronic money. E-Shopping behavior refers to the level of personal financial competence in daily management ranging from planning, budgeting, checking, managing, storing, researching and controlling. This study specifically aims to determine the role of the E-wallet applications on the E-Shopping behavior of millennial mothers who use the E-wallet applications. Qualitative research methods are carried out with a phenomenological approach. The results showed that the e-wallet applications was recognized by millennial mothers to facilitate financial transactions but there were changes in E-Shopping behavior that were consumptive in nature that occurred when using e-wallets, these changes were seen from lifestyle, waste, shifting consumption logic, and social status classification in the E-Shopping behavior of millennial mothers.
Bridelia atroviridis (Phyllanthaceae) Aqueous Extract Attenuates Scopolamine-induced Amnesia and Depression in Rat: Role of Cholinergic, Monoaminergic, and Antioxidant Mechanisms
Authors: Sandrine Mengue Ngadena Yolande , Antoine Kavaye Kandeda , Claude Bilanda Danielle , Merveille Yonti Dzueffo , Albert Atsamo , Emmanuel Owona Pascal , Séfirin Djiogue , Désiré Dzeufiet Djomeni Paul , Pierre Kamtchouing , Elisabeth Ngo BUM
Published: August 2023

Background: Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities are the main pathways of neuroprotective drugs. Bridelia atroviridis possesses those activities and is empirically used by Cameroonian traditional healers to alleviate memory and mood disorders.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-amnesic and antidepressant effects of Bridelia atroviridis aqueous extract (EA).

Methods: Scopolamine was used to induce amnesia and depression in rats. Administrated per os, three doses of EA, including 36, 72, and 144 mg/kg, were used. Behavioral disorders were evaluated through novel object recognition, the Morris water maze, forced swimming, and an open arena. The oxidative stress markers, like malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, and nitrite levels in the brain, were measured. Neurometabolites, serotonin, and acetylcholine levels were determined. Hematoxylin-eosin paraffin-embedded histological sections were used to assess neuron viability in the cortex and the hippocampus.

Results: Pre-treatments with EA attenuated the deleterious effects of scopolamine and improved brain biomarkers. Indeed, when compared to vehicle control, Bridelia atroviridis increased Ca2+, Mg2+, serotonin, and acetylcholine levels in the brain. Furthermore, the plant reduced significantly (p < 0.001) the recognition index in the novel object recognition test and increased (p < 0.001) the time spent in the target quadrant in the Morris water maze test. Besides, EA has scavenging activities and attenuates neuron death in the cortex and hippocampus.

Conclusion: According to this study, the aqueous extract of B. atroviridis barks protects against scopolamine-induced memory loss and depressive disorders. The preventive activities of the plant involve cholinergic and monoaminergic pathways and antioxidant potential.

Graphical Abstract:
Impact of the Interaction between Meloidogyne javanica and Fusarium oxysporum on the Okra Plantation
Authors: Manisha  , Bishnoi S. P. , Mamata  , Meena Sharad Kumar , Abhi Ramavath , Yadav Santosh , Meena Rahul
Published: August 2023

The development of diseases in cultivated crops depends on the complex interrelationship between the host, pathogen, and prevailing environmental conditions. The interaction between the root knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica and the fungus Fusarium oxysporum was studied for the okra cultivar Pusa Sawani. Sequential and simultaneous inoculation of the nematode and fungus was performed to observe the disease severity in the plants due to the individual and interactive effects of the tested nematode and fungus. The results indicated that plant growth was adversely affected in all cases where the plant was inoculated with M. javanica and F. oxysporum, compared to the uninoculated control. The study clearly showed that nematodes act as predisposing factors in the spread of secondary fungal pathogens.
Role of Ultrasonography in Peripheral Nerve Involvement in Leprosy: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khan Isra , Alvi Emad , Khan Mohammad Nasim , Mohammad Saad , Khanam Sameera , Alvi Zoha
Published: August 2023

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease with severe morbidity. The clinical skill of recognizing skin lesions of leprosy and testing for anesthesia is declining. It can only detect the presence of neuropathy, which indicates that there is already a substantial amount of nerve damage. Being one of most common treatable peripheral nerve disorders there is a need to diagnose early involvement of nerves to prevent disability. USG can show the detailed morphological changes in the nerve and can emerge as an evolving tool in early screening of peripheral nerve involvement in leprosy.

Aims and Objectives: To assess the role of USG in identifying patterns of nerve involvement across the spectrum of leprosy and to compare the sonographic findings of peripheral nerves with clinical assessment.

Results: Out of 20 cases of Leprosy (11 of MB and 9 of PB Leprosy), cross sectional area of median and ulnar nerve were significantly increased in patients with MB as compared to PB, however both PB and MB patients showed increased CSA as compared to normal limit for healthy individuals. The degree of morphological changes on USG correlated strongly with the symptoms of the patient. Endo-neural abscess formation was demonstrated in few cases.

Conclusion: USG is a an excellent portable cost-friendly & non-invasive modality for imaging of peripheral nerves providing a high resolution spatial image that can be an important tool in classification , early detection and management of leprosy.
Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Perkins Rebecca B. , Wentzensen Nicolas , Guido Richard S. , Schiffman Mark
Published: August 2023

Importance

Each year in the US, approximately 100 000 people are treated for cervical precancer, 14 000 people are diagnosed with cervical cancer, and 4000 die of cervical cancer.

Observations

Essentially all cervical cancers worldwide are caused by persistent infections with one of 13 carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68. HPV vaccination at ages 9 through 12 years will likely prevent more than 90% of cervical precancers and cancers. In people with a cervix aged 21 through 65 years, cervical cancer is prevented by screening for and treating cervical precancer, defined as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. High-grade lesions can progress to cervical cancer if not treated. Cervicovaginal HPV testing is 90% sensitive for detecting precancer. In the general population, the risk of precancer is less than 0.15% over 5 years following a negative HPV test result. Among people with a positive HPV test result, a combination of HPV genotyping and cervical cytology (Papanicolaou testing) can identify the risk of precancer. For people with current precancer risks of less than 4%, repeat HPV testing is recommended in 1, 3, or 5 years depending on 5-year precancer risk. For people with current precancer risks of 4% through 24%, such as those with low-grade cytology test results (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASC-US] or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [LSIL]) and a positive HPV test of unknown duration, colposcopy is recommended. For patients with precancer risks of less than 25% (eg, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 [CIN1] or histologic LSIL), treatment-related adverse effects, including possible association with preterm labor, can be reduced by repeating colposcopy to monitor for precancer and avoiding excisional treatment. For patients with current precancer risks of 25% through 59% (eg, high-grade cytology results of ASC cannot exclude high-grade lesion [ASC-H] or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [HSIL] with positive HPV test results), management consists of colposcopy with biopsy or excisional treatment. For those with current precancer risks of 60% or more, such as patients with HPV-16–positive HSIL, proceeding directly to excisional treatment is preferred, but performing a colposcopy first to confirm the need for excisional treatment is acceptable. Clinical decision support tools can facilitate correct management.

Conclusions and Relevance

Approximately 100 000 people are treated for cervical precancer each year in the US to prevent cervical cancer. People with a cervix should be screened with HPV testing, and if HPV-positive, genotyping and cytology testing should be performed to assess the risk of cervical precancer and determine the need for colposcopy or treatment. HPV vaccination in adolescence will likely prevent more than 90% of cervical precancers and cancers.
Review of Evidence Supporting 2022 US Food and Drug Administration Drug Approvals
Authors: Kaplan Robert M. , Koong Amanda J. , Irvin Veronica
Published: August 2023

This cross-sectional study examines the design and funding of studies, nd evidence available on ClinicalTrials.gov for drugs approved in 2022.