bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunological status of sows during the reproductive cycle and correction of its condition with an antigen-directed biostimulator
Authors: Burkov P. V. , Derkho M. A. , Rebezov M. B. , Shcherbakov P. N. , Derkho A. O. , Stepanova K.  V.
Published: December 2023

Relevance. Reproductive insufficiency of sows associated with circovirus infection is widespread in pig breeding enterprises. Therefore, an increase in the effectiveness of immunity formed in animals during the post-vaccination period is of crucial importance in the formation of the reproductive potential of sows.

Methods. The work was performed on sows, which at the end of the suckling period during weaning of piglets (on the 21st day after delivery) were vaccinated against CVS-2 with the “Ingelvak Circoflex” vaccine (Germany). In the experimental group, vaccination was combined with a two-time administration of a targeted immunobiostimulator “Transfer Factor” at a dose of 5 ml per head with an interval of 7 days (the second administration of “Transfer Factor” was carried out during vaccination). The effectiveness of post-vaccination immunity was evaluated based on the results of immunological, zootechnical and statistical studies.

Results. It was found that the formation of post-vaccination immunity in control group sows occurs under conditions of an increase in the concentration of immunoglobulins in the blood (∑G + M + A) by 1.25–1.59 times due to IgG and IdM, a decrease in the absolute number of T- and B-lymphocytes by 11.84–15.51% and 14.12–17.51% while maintaining their percentage share in the total pool of lymphocytes, a decrease in the level of T-helpers by 34.27–36.47 against the background of an increase in cytotoxic lymphocytes and killers by 4.47–66.67%, which determines the yield of piglets per farrow in the amount of 12.5 heads and stillbirth at the level of 9.67%. The combination of vaccination with the introduction of a specific targeted immunobiostimulator in sows of the experimental group determines in the post–vaccination period; an increase in the concentration of immunoglobulins in the blood by 24.93–71.56% due to IgG; a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes by 19.50–23.76% against the background of an increase in B-lymphocytes by 20.00–21.25%; preservation of the absolute number of T-helpers and reducing the number of cytotoxic lymphocytes and killers by 2.14–3.00 times, contributing to a 3.24% reduction in stillbirth and an increase in the yield of piglets per farrowing to 13.0 heads.
Generacijsko pitanje
Authors: Koroman Boris
Published: December 2023

Rad se bavi složenim pojmom generacije, pri čemu je naglasak na upotrebi i problematiziranju pojma generacije u književnosti. Pojmu generacije pristupa se u njegovoj svakodnevnoj, medijskoj i novomedijskoj upotrebi te u području društvenih i humanističkih znanosti kako bi se nakon uvodnoga prikaza problema pristupilo upotrebi pojma generacije u znanosti o književnosti. Pojam generacije razvija se iz socioloških istraživanja, što je ukratko prikazano u drugome odjeljku, i što se nastoji kroz rad povezati s generacijama u književnosti. Sljedeći se odlomak bavi skicom teorijskoga prikaza pojma generacije u znanosti o književnosti, gdje se pojam generacijskoga upotrebljava kao periodizacijska i kao genološka oznaka, da bi se rad nastavio analizom upotrebe pojma generacije u nekoliko novijih književnih povijesti i studija o hrvatskome romanu. Različiti pristupi pojmu generacije u povijestima suvremene hrvatske književnosti otvaraju različita problemska čvorišta, primjerice pitanje „proze u trapericama“, hrvatskih „književnih naraštaja“ te upotrebe i pozicije pojma „otpora“, čemu se također pristupa u zasebnom odjeljku. Analize se provode imajući u vidu različite razine problema generacije i različita metodološka uporišta kojima se njemu pristupa, te stoga sama razrada zahtijeva određen stupanj opsežnosti, no pritom je osnovno pitanje i vodilja rada – što su to generacijski romani i kojim se suvremenim romanima hrvatske književnosti može pripisati ta odrednica. Kroz rad se upućuje na različite elemente za prepoznavanje generacijskih romana te na romane koji se u povijestima hrvatskoga romana označavaju kao generacijski. Pritom se, kroz spomenute analize prepoznaju i specifične lokalne generacijske artikulacije koje se aktiviraju i u književnim tekstovima. Zaključno se otvara pitanje o generacijskim temama u najnovijoj književnoj produkciji te se do tada prepoznate značajke ključne za prepoznavanje generacijskih romana dopunjuju novim mogućnostima.
Drug-resistant Tuberculosis in Pediatric
Authors: Lubis Halisyah Hasyim
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR TB) is a condition where Mycobacterium tuberculosis is resistant to isoniazid, rifampicin or resistant to isoniazid and rifampin as well as other first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT). Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infectious disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis germs where the source of transmission is through droplets containing TB germs.
Case Report: A 10 years 7 months girl, came to the MDR Polyclinic at the Haji Adam Malik Medan Central General Hospital (RSUP HAM Medan) on March 21 2023 bringing the results of the TB Molecular Rapid Test (TCM-TB) examination from the Teladan Barat Health Center with Rifampicin results were resistant and on March 24 2023 the patient was hospitalized. Currently, the patient is complaining of a cough that has been experiencing for ± 3 weeks. Cough with the impression of a dry cough and is continuous so that it interferes with daily activities. The cough does not improve even though the patient has taken cough medicine. There is no fever, there is also no history of previous fever. According to the anamnesis from the patient's parents, there has been a weight loss in the last 2 months, around ± 4 kg. There is no family history of long-term cough, but according to parents, there is a neighbor of the patient who suffers from pulmonary TB and is undergoing treatment.
Discussion: After the diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis is confirmed, an evaluation is carried out whether the patient meets the criteria for drug-resistant TB treatment guided by short-term or long-term oral drug-resistant tuberculosis. Patients who meet the evaluation criteria for treatment can immediately be given short-term oral drug-resistant tuberculosis therapy. If the patient does not meet the criteria for short-term treatment, long-term drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment is given. Routine evaluations are carried out during treatment and when the results of drug sensitivity tests are available, treatment is adjusted according to the examination results.
Conclusion: A case of drug-resistant tuberculosis in a girl aged 10 years 7 months has been reported which was diagnosed based on anamnesis, physical examination, and supporting examinations, there was also a history of close contact with TB sufferers, and the results of TCM examination of sputum fluid showed rifampicin resistant MTB growth. Patients are treated as drug-resistant TB cases with a short-term regimen with regular monitoring of treatment response and side effects.
СТАН ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ КИТАЙСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ НА СВІТОВІЙ АРЕНІ ТА СТРАТЕГІЯ ПОДВІЙНОГО ОБІГУ
Authors: Арбович Аль-Хаялі Дарід
Published: December 2023

У цій статті розглядається перетворення Китаю на глобальну економічну державу. Крім того, у статті підкреслюється зростаюча зосередженість Китаю на дослідженнях і розробках, причому витрати можуть перевершити Сполучені Штати. Прогрес Китаю очевидний у таких сферах, як 5G і штучний інтелект, що кидає виклик традиційним уявленням про передачу технологій. Також обговорюється роль централізованих глобальних ланцюгів постачання Китаю та його активність у міжнародних справах. Досліджується вплив торговельної війни між США та Китаєм на прагнення Китаю до технологічної незалежності, а також стратегії зменшення залежності від американських технологій. Наголошується на викликах і ризиках, пов’язаних із швидким зростанням Китаю, особливо його сильною залежністю від технологій, фінансів і знань. Обговорюються потенційні наслідки сек’юритизації економічних зв’язків та зростаючий вплив політичних чинників на економічну політику.
VIOLÊNCIA ESCOLAR
Authors: Choe João francisco de carvalho
Published: December 2023

A presente pesquisa constitui uma análise sobre as implicações psicológicas da violência escolar para alunos e professores da escola primária completa a luta continua na cidade de Maputo. Em termos metodológicos, recorremos à abordagem qualitativa, tendo como métodos de abordagem o indutivo, foi aplicada a entrevista semi-estruturada para a recolha de dados. Entrevistou se dez 14 participantes, de ambos os sexos, sendo 4 professores e 10 alunos da 7a classe. Na pesquisa, constatámos que existem na escola episódios de violência física, psicológica e verbal. A violência escolar está, em grande medida, associada ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas. Como formas de resolução, a escola recorre à sensibilização, ao diálogo (com professores, alunos, pais e encarregados de educação), bem como à aplicação de castigos (limpeza nas salas, no pátio e nas casas de banho da escola). Em relação às implicações psicológicas, a violência escolar provoca, na EPC a luta continua, trauma, medo, isolamento, vergonha, baixa auto-estima, baixo aproveitamento pedagógico e abandono escolar.
SCALE UP UMKM THROUGH DIGITALIZATION, FINANCIAL LITERACY AND BUILDING AN INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM AT SORCHA LAUNDRY
Authors: Ramdani Dani , Maghriby Bimbim , Nirwan Nirwan
Published: December 2023

Sorcha laundry is an MSME in Bandung City that was established in 2021. Sorcha laundry is determined to become a laundry retail that serves all types of customer laundry, ranging from kilo items, premium units, bed covers, linens, baby strollers, shoes, bags, to carpet washing services. The problem faced by Sorcha laundry is that it wants to develop its business by opening many branches in Indonesia, does not understand the importance of branding, does not have good financial literacy, is less adaptive to digitalization, bookkeeping is still manual, does not have a standard system so it is difficult to develop its business. Then the solution to solve the problem is: 1). Build branding with a good build design outlet, Co Branding with Key Opinion Leader/ influencer. 2). Financial literacy training and applying cashless payment / Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS). 3). Training on digitizing and applying online orders through ads on Instagram and Google ads. 4). Accounting training and using Point Of Sales (POS) System. 5). Create Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) & create Command Center to monitor stores remotely using CCTV IP Address technology that can be monitored realtime.
One-Participant 401(k): Saving for Retirement and Reducing Taxes
Authors: Groskopf Jessica , Walters Cory , Nelson Doug
Published: December 2023

The adage that farmers and ranchers are often asset-rich and cash poor does indeed appear to be true! According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), just forty percent of farmers contribute to a retirement plan. And because many farmers and ranchers invest profits in their business rather than take a high salary, they show little income on their tax returns. This means they will have paid less into Social Security and their benefits will be lower when they retire. This can create cash flow challenges, especially for an older generation of farm and ranch families wanting to bring the next generation into the operation and keep the business going.

For self-employed farmers and ranchers without full-time employees, the opportunity to invest in a One-Participant 401(k) plan is a way to (1) save money for retirement, (2) reduce taxable income, (3) provide the potential option to borrow from the plan. This series of articles will review these features. This article focuses on saving for retirement and reducing tax liability.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA RESIDÊNCIA MULTIPROFISSIONAL EM SAÚDE COLETIVA NO ÂMBITO DA VIGILÂNCIA EPIDEMIOLÓGICA MUNICIPAL NA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Pereira Lima Francisca Meiriane , De Sá Cavaleiro Luana Almeida , Barbosa Camila Rodrigues , Miranda Silva Francisco Valter , Almeida da Silva Ana Karoline
Published: December 2023

Os Programas de Residências Multiprofissionais em Saúde (RMS), foram criados pelo Ministério da Saúde, em 2002, com a finalidade de oportunizar a formação qualificada de profissionais da saúde, médicos e não médicos, para atuação no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). As RMSs possibilitam aos residentes em saúde aptidões e habilidades, suscitando competências para assistência, gestão em saúde e ações de atenção em seus diversos níveis de complexidades. O objetivo do estudo é relatar a vivência e as contribuições de uma residente em Saúde Coletiva inserida no núcleo de vigilância epidemiológica do município de Crateús localizado no interior do estado do Ceará durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo, do tipo relato de experiência, com enfoque no processo de trabalho e na gestão estratégica de enfrentamento à pandemia da Covid-19. Quanto as práticas realizadas, destaca-se a alimentação dos Sistemas de Informações em Saúde, acompanhamento de casos suspeitos e confirmados, deligenciando ao seguimento da investigação epidemiológica; emissão de boletim epidemiológico, planejamento e execução de inquéritos epidemiológicos e ações do telemonitoramento. Considerando os principais aspectos e produtos desta vivência, observa-se, enquanto residente, a relevância da contribuição de profissionais residentes na vigilância epidemiológica em meio a um momento histórico da pandemia da Covid-19. Esta conjuntura oportunizou uma maturação no processo de aprendizagem perante a todos as dificuldades e desafios apontados durante o percurso.
Pedagogical Leaders’ Use of Professional Judgement in Early Childhood Education and Care: A Case from Norway
Authors: Moe Torill , Gotvassli Kjell Aage
Published: December 2023

In this chapter, we discuss the exercise of professional judgement according to the Framework Plan for the Content and Tasks of Kindergartens in Norway. Our empirical bases consist of semi-structured interviews with a total of eight educational leaders, who emphasise the importance of practical knowledge and intuition in unpredictable and complex situations. This chapter also illuminates the dangers of the extensive use of professional judgement, and how pedagogical leaders work to ensure that their pedagogical work is in line with sound professional judgement. Arbitrariness, uncertainty, and insecurity in pedagogical work can result from the widespread use of professional judgement in order to maintain children’s best interests. Leadership strategies that pedagogical leaders use to ensure consensus in the employee group around the matter of professional judgement include mentoring, joint reflection, motivation, and support. The extent of professional judgement also depends on the current restrictions and the complexity of the situation.
Leadership in Irish Early Childhood Education and Care: In Pursuit of Purpose and Possibilities
Authors: Nolan Geraldine
Published: December 2023

In recent years, the Irish government has introduced several mandatory leadership roles for early childhood education and care (ECEC) services. This chapter outlines the development, delineation, and [un]intended consequences of such positions and the potential to pursue leadership beyond the prescribed roles. It draws from my research, a social feminism exploration of ECEC leadership, which questioned how leadership is conceptualised and practised in Irish ECEC services. The research involved individual interviews with 50 Irish ECEC participants. The participants argued that leadership was introduced to the sector without discussion, research, or adequate training, and was more concerned with economics and standardisation than with ECEC stakeholders’ welfare. This situation had created leadership confusion, and had marginalised practitioner knowledge and weakened their confidence in articulating their understanding of leadership and its purpose. Scholarship in the broader educational leadership field suggests that the purpose of leadership is seldom questioned and often remains ambiguous. While this chapter makes specific reference to the Irish context, the findings and research approach may be relevant for the wider ECEC community.
Team Leadership and Diversity in Norwegian Early Childhood Education and Care
Authors: Thun Cecilie
Published: December 2023

This chapter presents a theoretical discussion of team leadership and the balance between sameness and difference. It draws upon and extends existing literature on team leadership in general, and team leadership in early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Norway in particular. In this chapter, I ask: How does the theory on team leadership handle the balance between sameness and difference in a diverse ECEC context? To help answer this question, the chapter presents an analytical framework in which to discuss dilemmas of team leadership and diversity. Furthermore, it uses insights from literature on diversity management and discusses dilemmas of difference and sameness in organisations. The chapter highlights two shortcomings in mainstream literature on team leadership: leadership and diversity, and power and conflict in organisational culture. Moreover, the ambition is to contribute to theoretical advancement by introducing an intersectional approach to the theoretical framework for research on leadership in ECEC in diverse societies.
Çanakkale - Kaz Dağları’nda Kestane Ağaçlarında Yeni Bir Yıkıcı Zararlı: Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)
Authors: KÖK Şahin , YAŞAR İpek , KASAP İsmail
Published: December 2023

Asya kestane gal arısı olarak bilinen Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) dünyada kestane ağaçları üzerindeki en önemli ve yıkıcı zararlılardan biridir. Bu zararlı kestane üretiminde ciddi ekonomik kayıplara sebep olmasının yanı sıra tomurcuk ve yaprakları deforme ederek kestane ağaçlarının ölümüne sebep olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada 2023 yılı Nisan ve Temmuz ayları arasında Çanakkale ili içerisinde yer alan Kaz Dağları’nda kestane ağaçları üzerinde D. kuriphilus’un varlığı ilk kez tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, D. kuriphilus’un zarar oranı ve biyolojisi üzerine önemli veriler ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Gözlemlerimize göre açık veya koyu yeşil renkteki galler Nisan başından itibaren kestane ağaçlarının yaprak ve tomurcukları üzerinde oluşmaya başlamış daha sonraki dönemde bu galler kırmızımsı renge dönmüştür. Nisan başından Haziran başına kadar toplanan gallerin içinden çoğunlukla D. kuriphilus’un larvaları elde edilirken Haziran ve Temmuz ayları arasında toplanan gallerden ise daha çok pupa ve ergin bireyler elde edilmiştir. D. kuriphilus’un zarar oranı göz önüne alındığında ağaç başına ortalama gal sayısı 61.7 - 82.3 olurken her ağaçtaki 50 cm’lik dal üzerindeki ortalama gal sayısı ise 6.17 - 8.23 olarak belirlenmiştir. Buna göre Kazdağları’nda kestane ağaçları üzerinde D. kuriphilus’un zarar oranının ekonomik zarar eşiğinin üzerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Türkiye’de Kırmızı Et Fiyatları ile Besi Yemi Fiyatları Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisinin Toda-Yamamoto Testi ile Belirlenmesi
Authors: OKUR Mesut Gökay , ÇİÇEK Adnan
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de kırmızı et fiyatları ile besi yemi fiyatları arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini belirlemektir. Araştırma materyali, Ocak 2008 ile Aralık 2022 tarihleri arasındaki 180 aylık kırmızı et fiyatları ve besi yemi fiyatları verilerinden oluşmaktadır. İncelenen dönemde fiyatların cari olarak arttığı belirlenmiş ve reel fiyatlar dikkate alındığında özellikle son iki yılda besi yemi fiyatlarının kırmızı et fiyatlarına göre daha fazla oranda arttığı belirlenmiştir. Kırmızı et fiyatları ile besi yemi fiyatları arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini belirlemek için Toda-Yamamoto Testi kullanılmıştır. Bu amaçla öncelikle serilerin ADF ve PP birim kök sınamaları yapılmış ve serilerin birim kök içerdiği, ancak birinci farklarında birim kökün yok olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Serilerin gecikme uzunluğu 3 ay olarak belirlenmiş ve varyans ile otokorelasyon bulunmadığı saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, besi yemi fiyatları ile kırmızı et fiyatları arasında %1 anlamlılık düzeyinde nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmuştur. Ancak, kırmızı et fiyatlarından besi yemi fiyatlarına doğru anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilememiştir. Kırmızı et fiyatlarındaki artışın yem fiyatındaki artışın bir fonksiyonu olduğu söylenebilir. Bu durumda, fiyat istikrarı açısından yem üretiminin artırılması ve ithalata bağımlılığın azaltılması için alınabilecek önlemlerin artırılması gerektiği belirtilebilir.
Çanakkale Yöresi Tarım İşletmelerinin Toprak İşleme Alışkanlıklarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: ŞAHİN İsmail , ÇAY Anıl
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmada, Çanakkale ili ve ilçelerinde bulunan tarım işletmelerinin sahip olduğu mevcut toprak işleme alışkanlıkları saptanmıştır. Ayrıca sürdürülebilir koruyucu toprak işleme yöntemlerine geçişte işletmelerin mevcut bilgi durumu ve yeni teknikleri öğrenme tercihlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, ildeki toplam 34 adet köyde bulunan 78 tarım işletmelerinde anket çalışmaları yürütülmüş, elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Tarım işletmelerinin ürünler bazında toprak işleme alışkanlıkları, alt yapıları, işletmelerin koruyucu ve azaltılmış toprak işleme yöntemleri hakkındaki bilgi seviyesi, yeşil gübreleme, anız kontrolü, organik madde, ekim nöbeti ve rotasyon kavramı gibi koruyucu toprak işleme terimleri hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, işletmelerin %72’sinin toprak analizi yaptırdığı, fakat bu işletmelerin yalnızca %48’nin toprak analiz sonuçlarına göre bitki besleme programı yaptıkları tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerin %65’inin koruyucu toprak işleme kavramını ilk kez duydukları ve uyguladıkları, toprak işleme yöntemlerinin %95 oranında geleneksel alışkanlıklar ve ananeler sonucunda yerleşik hale geldiği belirlenmiştir. İşletmecilerin %51’inin koruyucu toprak işleme konusundaki en etkili ve akılda kalıcı bilgilendirme yolu tercihinin televizyon ve internet olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, işletmelerin %24’ü koruyucu toprak işleme yöntemlerine geçiş için bilgilendirme, makina alt yapısı ve akaryakıt gibi desteklerin devlet tarafından sağlanmasını istediklerini belirtmişlerdir. Sonuç olarak hem ülkemiz hem de dünya açısından büyük bir problem haline gelen küresel ısınmanın azaltılabilmesi açısından, işletmelerin sahip olduğu geleneksel toprak işleme yöntemlerine bağlılığı ortadan kaldırmak amacıyla koruyucu ve azaltılmış toprak işleme teknikleri ile ilgili bilgilerin internet ve medya gibi çeşitli kanallardan aktarılmasının hızlandırılması ve makina altyapı desteklerinin arttırılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Análisis histórico jurídico del cumplimiento de la pena en el Penal García Moreno
Authors: Vaca Acosta Gabriel Rigoberto
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCCIÓN El presente trabajo relata de forma breve el origen del Ex penal García Moreno y la concepción del castigo y de la pena que se debía de cumplir en dicho lugar, en relación con los valores vigentes. Así, como la propia estructura del panóptico estaba concebido desde la idea de vigilar y atemorizar a las personas que residían en ella. OBJETIVO. De esta manera, se busca dar a conocer cómo el panóptico que estaba en Quito representaba un lugar oscuro y tétrico para aquellos sancionados por la administración de justicia de la época. MÉTODO. Para tal cometido, se emplea el método de revisión bibliográfico y descriptivo sobre la construcción del panóptico para relacionarlo con la concepción de una sociedad que únicamente buscaba que las personas que infringen la ley paguen por su error.  DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES. El Ex Penal García Moreno eran un lugar de represión y castigo, para aquellas personas que violaban la norma, alejados del concepto de rehabilitación social y los derechos que tienen las personas privadas de la libertad.
Sentencia Delfina Torres vs Petroecuador, Petrocomercial, Petroindustrial y Petroproduccion Un aterrizaje hacia el valor jurídico, sobre el valor económico
Authors: Betancourt Pereira EriK Javier
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCCIÓN. El presente trabajo analiza el caso “Delfina Torres vs PETROECUADOR, PETROCOMERCIAL, PETROINDUSTRIAL, PETROPRODUCCION”, que se constituye en un proceso judicial importante ya que se configura la responsabilidad objetiva y se concede la reparación material a favor del medio ambiente en contra del propio Estado que provocó daños invalorables. OBJETIVO. Se analiza los argumentos por los que la Alta Corte en materia ordinaria falla a favor de la reparación a favor de la naturaleza y configura la responsabilidad objetiva.  MÉTODO. Para lo cual, se empleó el método de revisión de casos de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema de Ecuador, método de revisión bibliográfico bajo un enfoque cualitativo. CONCLUSIONES Y DISCUSIÓN. La justicia ordinaria del Ecuador analiza nuevos parámetros para la administración de justicia a favor del medio ambiente, que trae consigo interesantes resultados como la inversión de la carga de la prueba para aquellos con los recursos necesarios para demostrar su gestión adecuada.
APROXIMACIÓN AL ESTADO DEL ARTE DE LA SOSTENIBILIDAD DE LA MINERÍA METÁLICA EN EL ECUADOR, ENTRE LOS AÑOS 2002 Y 2023
Authors: Toledo Rivadeneira Jaime , Lozano Ruiz Edison Roberto , Moncayo Moncayo Pablo Santiago
Published: December 2023

La actividad minera en el Ecuador tiene una presencia milenaria, con un amplio potencial de desarrollo. Debido a ello, se convierte en una permanente necesidad el estudio de la sostenibilidad de la industria. Mediante la presente investigación se pretende identificar una aproximación al estado del arte de la actividad en el país. Para ello se utilizaron metodologías cualitativas enmarcadas en el análisis documental. Bajo esta premisa se emplearon, tanto codificación, como revisión de literatura y análisis de contenido. Dentro de los primeros resultados, a partir de la búsqueda realizada en la base de datos Scopus, se identificaron artículos relacionados con: agricultura, agua, big data, minería, salud y turismo. Al revisar a profundidad los artículos relacionados con la sostenibilidad de la minería metálica en el Ecuador, se pudo evidenciar que existe producción científica relacionada con el tema. Las posiciones varían de acuerdo con la visión de cada uno de los investigadores. Las posiciones pasan desde favorables, hasta contrarias. Se proponen alternativas de sustitución, así como también de integración. Inclusive concluyen como traiciones a proyectos políticos. Pero, en realidad se evidencia que la sostenibilidad es inherente al sector económico.

Palabras clave: Minería, Ecuador, Economía, Patrimonio, Sostenibilidad.

AbstractMining activity in Ecuador has a millenary presence, showcasing significant development potential. Consequently, the exploration of the industry’s sustainability has become an ongoing necessity. The aim of this research is to delineate the current state of the mining activity in the country. To achieve this, qualitative methodologies within the framework of documentary analysis theory were employed. Under this premise, codification, literature review, and content analysis were utilized. Among the initial findings from the Scopus database search, articles related to agriculture, water, big data, mining, health, and tourism were identified. A comprehensive review of articles pertaining to the sustainability of metallic mining in Ecuador revealed a notable body of scientific production on the subject. The perspectives on sustainability varied based on the stance of individual researchers, ranging from favorable to contrary. Various alternatives, including substitutions and integrations, were proposed, with some even characterizing certain approaches as betrayals to political projects. Nevertheless, it is evident that sustainability is an inherent aspect of the economic sector.

Keywords: Mining, Ecuador, Economics, Heritage, Sustainablility.
COMPARISON OF SPELL CORRECTION IN BAHASA INDONESIA: PETER NORVIG, LSTM, AND N-GRAM
Authors: Kusuma Anggasta Tirta Adi , Ratnasari Chanifah I
Published: December 2023

This study conducts a comprehensive comparison of spell-checking methods in Bahasa Indonesia, specifically focusing on three approaches: Peter Norvig's method, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and N-gram. The primary metric for evaluation is the accuracy in correcting spelling errors. Notably, Peter Norvig's method outperforms the others, with N-gram following closely, and LSTM trailing behind. The study draws valuable insights that contribute to the enhancement of spelling correction accuracy in the Bahasa Indonesia language. To carry out the evaluation, the research employs SPECIL data (Spell Error Corpus for Indonesian Language), which includes documents with various error types such as insertion, deletion, transposition, and substitution. The testing dataset consists of 150 words, aligning with the 150-word corpus references from the 'Leipzig Corpora Collection' used for Peter Norvig's and N-gram methods. It's noteworthy that the LSTM method utilizes a reference dataset from SPECIL, comprising 150 data points and specifically focusing on insertion errors for the test data. This research provides valuable insights for researchers, developers, and language technology enthusiasts seeking to refine spell-checking techniques for the Bahasa Indonesia language. By leveraging diverse error types and a standardized testing dataset, the study aims to contribute to the continual improvement of spell-checking tools
Knowledge, Perceptions and Practices of Adults towards Dementia at a Selected Hospital in Lesotho
Authors: Mahlelehlele Bokang Amelia , Masakoane Reentseng , Maselinyane Tseko , Nthabiseng Constable
Published: December 2023

Objective: This study aimed to determine knowledge, perceptions and practices towards dementia in adults seeking health services at a selected hospital in Lesotho. Method: The descriptive quantitative research design was used in conducting the study. A sample of 52 participants were selected using convenience sampling method. Data was collected using pre-tested semistructured questionnaire written in both English and Sesotho languages. Data was analyzed through the use of Microsoft Excel, presented on frequency tables, pie charts and bar charts. Results: The study results revealed that there is dearth of knowledge towards dementia (27%), majority of participants (n=26) had insufficient knowledge towards dementia. On the perception, 26.9% strongly perceived dementia as witchcraft and 34.6% of participants disregard dementia as part of the aging process. As much as majority of participants (63.5%) reported that demented people should be hospitalized, 13.5% of adults still believed that demented people should seek prophetic help. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is need to raise awareness regarding mental health such as dementia so that affected individuals and families may be supported accordingly.
Transuterine Perfusion of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Infertile Women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve: A Case Series with In Vivo Conception and Continuing Pregnancies
Authors: Verdiales Maribelle
Published: December 2023

Purpose: To report successful in vivo fertilization in four out of five women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) after transuterine perfusion of the ovaries and pelvis with autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Methods: Patients that exhibited DOR (defined as AMH <1.1 ng/mL and antral follicular count of < 7 follicles) and had failed in vitro fertilization and/or artificial insemination in the past year were offered transuterine perfusion of PRP with oral letrozole and timed intercourse as an alternative therapy. Five patients accepted the protocol. Patients took 10 mg of letrozole orally from day 3 to day 7 of the menstrual cycle to increase chances of ovulation. They underwent one transuterine perfusion of the pelvis during the follicular phase of each cycle with a 10 mL volume of fresh autologous platelet-rich plasma under ultrasound guidance to allow periovarian spillage from the fallopian tubes. Result: In 4 out of 5 cases patients conceived without the need for in vitro intervention. Three patients had a successful pregnancy. One patient had a miscarriage at 19 weeks. One patient did not conceive within the four months of observation. Conclusion: Delivering platelet-rich plasma to the ovaries by transuterine perfusion may be a safe and cost-effective approach to enhance fertility in women with impaired ovarian reserve undergoing fertility therapies.
Comorbidities in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and How Lifestyle Behaviors Can Change the Comorbidities, Role of the Family Physician and Neurologist
Authors: Mejía María de los Ángeles , Araujo Pahola
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Comorbidity can be defined as any additional disease that coexists in an individual with a given index disease, which is not an obvious complication of the index disease. Physical and mental comorbid conditions are common among persons with MS. Searching Strategy and Selection Criteria: We identified relevant articles in English for this review by searching PubMed, for articles published between January 1, 2017, and Feb 28, 2023, and reference lists from relevant articles. Comorbidities in MS: The most prevalent comorbidities in MS are depression (23.7%), anxiety (21.9%), hypertension (18.6%), hypercholesterolemia (10.9%), and chronic lung disease (10%). Lifestyle Behaviors: In the last years, multiple studies shown that the exercise can improve not only the physical part, also the mental health and quality of life. In the recent years several studies concludes that the Paleolithic diet have good results in the relieve of the symptoms of MS like fatigue and the cognitive functions. It ?s well know that the stress, depression, and anxiety have a high prevalence in MS patients. In one cross-sectional study of RRMS and PMS patients, the patients with RRMS reported a higher emotional support, affection support and positive social interaction. Conclusion: Having lifestyle changes like exercise, good nutrition and supplementation can reduce the risk of the mention comorbidities also have a positive result in the psychological and social area diminishing symptoms and mental diseases.
Assessment of Use of Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) Among Medical Students in Abia State University, Uturu (ABSU) Nigeria
Authors: Onyemachi Prince Ezenwa Ndubueze , Maduabuchi Akwuruoha Emmanuel , Emmanuel Okeh Happiness , Shalom Ibeh-Raymond , Umah Kalu Odinakachi Agwu , Oji Ogbu Uchechwukwu , Ihuoma Lois Ndu-Agomuo
Published: December 2023

Authors: Prince Ezenwa Ndubueze Onyemachi, Akwuruoha, Emmanuel Maduabuchi, Okeh Happiness Emmanuel, Ibeh-Raymond Shalom, Odinakachi Agwu Umah Kalu, Ogbu Uchechwukwu Oji, Ndu-Agomuo Ihuoma Lois. Background: Malaria has remained one of the life-threatening diseases affecting Nigeria as a nation especially those living in malaria endemic region. The causative organism of malaria ii plasmodium and transmitted to man by infected female anopheles’ mosquito. The clinical features of malaria vary from mild to severe and complicated according to species of parasite present and the patient’s state of immunity. Students in this region are also prone to contracting the disease. Objective: To determine the use of indoor residual spraying (IRS) among medical students in Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria. Methods and Materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the use of Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) among medical students of ABSU. The study involved both preclinical and clinical students. A Simple random sampling was used in selecting participants and data was obtained using self-administered questionnaires, analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 26.0 and presented in form of tables. Association between the sociodemographic variables and level of usage of IRS were determined and statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Result: A total number 407 students and out which of 389 participated in this study with a response rate of 95.6% and mean age of 21.98±3.52 years, more students were in the range of 20-24, and the dominant tribe was Igbo (94.3%), more of males (50.6%) participated in this study and practice of was poor (31.9%). A high proportion of students (99.7%) had a good knowledge of malaria transmission and IRS. Conclusion: The study reported a high level of knowledge of malaria preventive measures but a poor practice to its utilization, thus a need for proper health education to improve usage of Indoor residual spraying.
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN ICU Intensive Care Unit DI RUMAH SAKIT MITRA SEHAT DENGAN METODE DDD Defined Daily Dose DAN GYSSENS
Authors: Molly Pucthree , Susanto FX Haryanto , Nugraha Dhanang Prawira
Published: December 2023

Tingginya kejadian angka infeksi pada pasien dewasa menyebabkan peningkatan kuantitas penggunaan antibiotik. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dapat memicu terjadinya resistensi antibiotik. Resistensi antibiotik dapat menyebabkan peningkatan morbiditas, mortalitas dan biaya kesehatan oleh karena itu perlu adanya evaluasi untuk penggunaan antibiotika. Evaluasi penggunaan antibiotik ini dilakukan di ruang ICU (Intensive Care Unit) Rumah Sakit Mitra Sehat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pengambilan data retrospektif dari periode 1 Januari sampai 31  Maret 2023. Evaluasi penggunaan antibiotik ini menggunakan metode ATC/ DDD dan Gyssens. Metode ATC/DDD merupakan sistem klasifikasi yang mengelompokkan obat berdasarkan struktur kimia, farmakologi dan tujuan terapetik. Metode Gyssens didefinisikan sebagai metode kualitatif yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi pada penggunaan antibiotika dengan menilai ketepatan dalam penggunaan antibiotik yang digolongkan menjadi kategori 0-VI. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 53 pasien dewasa rawat inap Rumah Sakit Mitra Sehat, dimana didasarkan pada kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang ditentukan. Berdasarkan hasil metode ATC/DDD menunjukkan antibiotik yang memiliki nilai DDD/100 hari rawat inap tertinggi adalah levofloxacin. Berdasarkan metode gyssens diperoleh penggunaan tertinggi adalah kategori penggunaan antibiotik secara tepat .

Kata kunci: Antibiotik, ATC/DDD/100 Patient-days, Gyssens, ICU
PERANCANGAN VISUAL BRAND IDENTITY BAGI VERNON EDUCATION MALANG UNTUK MENINGKATKAN BRAND AWARENESS
Authors: Natasha Vianney , Rahmadianto Sultan Arif , Pratama Bintang Pramudya Putra
Published: December 2023

Perancangan ini bertujuan untuk membuat visual brand identityyang efektif bagi Vernon Education sebagai upaya meningkatkan brand awareness. Dalam lingkungan bisnis yang kompetitif, brand awareness merupakan faktor penting untuk membedakan sebuah perusahaan dengan yang lainnya. Melalui perancangan brand identity ini, Vernon Education dapat memperkuat brand image mereka dan menarik perhatian target audiens. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada perancangan ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif, yang melibatkan wawancara dengan pihak Vernon Education dan melakukan observasi pada perusahaan kompetitor di Kota Malang. Hasil dari pengumpulan data akan dianalisis menggunakan analisis SWOT. Hasil dari analisis SWOT menunjukkan bahwa Vernon Education mampu bersaing dengan kompetitor lainnya, dengan memperkuat kelebihan yang dimiliki dan membuat brand identity dari Vernon Education sendiri. Perancangan brand identity ini diperlukan konsistensi agar dapat meningkatkan brand awareness. Diharapkan implementasi perancangan brand identity yang telah dibuat dapat memberikan dampak positif bagi Vernon Education dalam meningkatkan brand awareness. Hasil dari perancangan ini adalah logo dari Vernon Education beserta buku graphic standard manual yang berisi elemen-elemen seperti logo, warna, tipografi, supergraphic, dan gaya visual yang menggambarkanVernon Education. Dengan media pendukung berupa: peralatan kantor (desain amplop, kop surat, map holder, kartu nama, notebook, pena, dan ID Card), seragam, sembilan desain feeds Instagram, dan merchandise berupa (kaos, totebag, keychain, dan handbag). Dalam perancangan ini diharapkan memberikan kontribusi bagi pemahaman teoritis dan praktis tentang perancangan brand identity sebagai upaya meningkatkan brand awareness bagi perusahaan pendidikan dan industri terkait.
SEDENTARY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY WITH BODY MASS INDEX AMONG PRECLINICAL STUDENTS AT THE FACULTY OF MEDICINE OF WIDYA MANDALA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF SURABAYA
Authors:   Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Huvi Destino , Dewi Dewa Ayu Liona ,   Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Anggriani Tabita Novita ,   Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University
Published: December 2023

Background: The percentage of individuals with a body mass index (BMI) above normal continues to increase every year. Sedentary physical activity is one of the factors that may cause an increase in BMI. IMT is a statistical indicator that applies an individual's weight and height to determine weight categories at all age groups. Sedentary physical activity refers to an activity in a conscious state that only expends energy of ≤1.5 Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET). Objective: To determine the correlation between sedentary physical activity and BMI among preclinical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Catholic University of Surabaya. Methods: This was an observational analytical study with cross-sectional design. The samples were selected through simple random sampling. The data source for this study were derived from primary data in the form of interviews using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and direct measurement towards 159 students. Results: 41.5% of students had normal BMI and 33.3% of students had sedentary physical activities. Based on the results of Spearman correlation test, it was found that there was a strong and significant relationship between sedentary physical activity and body mass index (p value=0.000 with r=0.641). Conclusions: There was a significant positive correlation between sedentary physical activity and BMI, which indicated that the higher the sedentary physical activity, the higher the BMI. Such relationship suggested that sedentary physical activity had a positive role in the incidence of overweight and obesity.
Psychometric testing of the Indonesian version of the Nurses’ Ethical Behavior in Protecting Patients’ Rights (I-NEBPPR) scale
Authors: Susmairni Dian , Ninh Do Thi , Li Cheng , Lee GunJeong
Published: December 2023

Background: Nurses routinely encounter ethical dilemmas with patients and healthcare professionals. Therefore, it is crucial for them to be conscious of ethical principles and apply them in their decision-making processes. However, no specific questionnaire is available to assess nurses’ ethical conduct in Indonesia.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the Nurses’ Ethical Behavior in Protecting Patients’ Rights (I-NEBPPR) scale.
Methods: Following the World Health Organization’s guidelines and utilizing the WHODAS 2.0 translation package, the NEBPPR was translated into Bahasa Indonesia and underwent a rigorous translation and adaptation process. Data were collected between October and November 2022 and included 283 Indonesian nurses as participants. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate construct validity. Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability were also performed for comprehensive evaluation. IBM SPSS statistics version 27.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used for statistical analysis.
Results: Five items were excluded from the original versions, forming five subscales that include a combined total of 23 items. The subscales are as follows: Factor 1 (Respect for right to information and decision), Factor 2 (Providing fair care), Factor 3 (Providing benefit-not harming), Factor 4 (Respect for patient values and choices), and Factor 5 (Attention to privacy). The I-NEBPPR model demonstrated robust construct validity with factor loadings ranging from 0.453 to 0.871. CFA showed satisfactory model fit indices (χ2/df = 1.554 (p <0.001), GFI = 0.906, CFI = 0.929, IFI = 0.930, RMSEA = 0.044). Reliability metrics were solid, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.819 and composite reliability exceeding 0.6. Both convergent validity, as indicated by AVE, and discriminant validity, as confirmed by the Fornell-Larcker criterion, met established thresholds.
Conclusion: It is affirmed that the 23-item I-NEBPPR demonstrated strong psychometric properties, making it a valuable, practical, and time-efficient tool for nurse supervisors, nurse managers, and nurse leaders to assess nurses’ clinically-based ethical behavior in their efforts to protect patient’s rights.
Steroid Toxicity in Immune Thrombocytopenia – A Series of Unfortunate Events: A Case Report
Authors: Chattopadhyay Debranjani , Puthalath Athul S. , Nath Uttam Kumar
Published: December 2023

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common bleeding disorder characterised by isolated thrombocytopenia, due to immune-mediated accelerated platelet destruction, usually without any specific or identifiable precipitating factor. ITP most commonly presents with bleeding associated with a low platelet count <100×109/L. Corticosteroids are the first line of treatment in adults. However, steroid-induced complications are widespread in patients with ITP, and sometimes are more atrocious than the risk of bleeding associated with thrombocytopenia. The authors report the case of a 29-year-old male with ITP with recurrent episodes of epistaxis, who was treated with prednisolone for 8 weeks and developed acne, steroid-induced hyperglycaemia, and urinary tract infection with epididymitis and pyocele. A few weeks later, the patient developed blurring of vision, and was found to have central serous chorioretinopathy. They were treated adequately for each of these complications, and had complete resolution of symptoms following cessation of steroids. While acne and hyperglycaemia are common, urinary tract infections with epididymitis and central serous chorioretinopathy are infrequent complications following steroid administration. The complexity of adverse events and the challenges in diagnosing and treating these unique complications prompted the authors to report this case.
Occult Filariasis in a Case of Lymphocytic Thyroiditis Diagnosed on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology: An Unusual Finding of Dual Pathology
Authors: Shahab Juhi , Khan Adil Aziz , Ahuja Sana , Singh Mukul
Published: December 2023

Filariasis is a common public health problem in Southeast Asia. The two species of worms most commonly associated with this disease are Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi.

Cases of microfilaraemia have also been reported from atypical sites in the past. None of the previously reported cases of microfilaria in the thyroid gland have described occult filariasis against a background of lymphocytic thyroiditis. The authors present a case of incidental microfilaria in a case of lymphocytic thyroiditis, diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid swelling in a female, a coexistence of dual pathology. There has been no case in literature where filariasis was reported against a background of lymphocytic thyroiditis. Peripheral blood examination also did not show any evidence of filariasis.