bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of asthma and eosinophilic allergic diseases using biological products
Authors: Kim Sujeong
Published: September 2023

Background: Asthma and other eosinophilic allergic diseases are heterogeneous syndromes encompassing various endotypes and phenotypic characteristics. The recent development of several targeted biological products has enabled the personalized treatment for heterogeneous pathophysiology in these diseases.Current Concepts: Biological products approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for such diseases primarily comprise monoclonal antibodies that block the pathway of type 2 inflammation, such as immunoglobulin E, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-5 receptor, IL-4α receptor, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. A practical strategy for selecting the optimal biological products for patients with severe eosinophilic allergic diseases is a shared decision-making process between the patient and physician on the basis of measurable biomarkers, co-morbidity, and patient preferences considering drug characteristics and costs.Discussion and Conclusion: The emergence of biological products in chronic eosinophilic allergic diseases has not only heralded an era of precise treatment but has also improved our understanding of the endogenous types through various treatment responses for each patient. The development of new biological products that affect various pathways and the discovery of novel biomarkers will facilitate the provision of optimized precision medicine to patients with severe uncontrolled diseases.
Diagnosis and pharmacological management of allergic conjunctivitis
Authors: Kang Min Ho
Published: September 2023

Background: Allergic conjunctivitis is an immune disease primarily attributed to a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction in the conjunctiva of the eye. Based on clinical findings and pathogenesis, allergic conjunctivitis is classified into the following subtypes: seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, perennial allergic conjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and giant papillary conjunctivitis.Current Concepts: The recommended initial treatment for allergic conjunctivitis involves the use of dual-effect agents exerting both antihistamine and mast cell stabilizing effects. If symptoms persist despite the application of these agents, coexisting allergic rhinitis should be considered a possible contributing factor, as this condition can also lead to ocular symptoms. Concurrent treatment of allergic rhinitis is necessary. Although oral antihistamines effectively alleviate symptoms associated with allergic conjunctivitis, potential systemic side effects must be carefully considered, particularly in older individuals and children. Steroid eye drops should be used for limited durations to minimize side effects. Unlike seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, and giant papillary conjunctivitis involve both type 1 hypersensitivity reactions and type 4 hypersensitivity mediated by T cells. In cases where dual-effect agents or steroid eye drops fail to yield improvements, topical immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine A or tacrolimus can be effective.Discussion and Conclusion: The pharmacological treatment of allergic conjunctivitis involves the initial use of dual-effect agents, with concurrent treatment of allergic rhinitis if present. Importantly, atopic and vernal keratoconjunctivitis can potentially lead to permanent vision loss, necessitating the application of steroid eye drops or immunosuppressant eye drops.
Evaluation of role of mobilizers (ASHA & AWW) on village health and nutrition day (VHND) –Mamta day of study district
Authors: Rathod Mittal , Kaliya Mehul , Prajapati Nilesh , Bundela Chintan , Kotecha Ilesh , Parmar Dipesh
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: Mamta Abhiyaan is one of the major approaches towards reaching the MDGs of reduction of MMR from present 178 to 100 and IMR from present 42 to 30 in India. Mamta Day is celebrated as an outreach services provision to each single beneficiary at grassroots level. Functionaries of Mamta day are FHW, ASHA, and AWW mainly. ASHA & AWW acts as community personnel which helps in counselling and mobilization for all services provided on Mamta day. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of ASHA and AWW on VHND (Village health and nutrition day) i.e., Mamata day of study district.
 
Materials and Methods: Quantitative and qualitative research method, cross sectional study was conducted in rural areas of western Gujarat covering 40 Mamta days. Every participant was clearly explained the purpose of study and their consent was taken. It was an anonymous study using pre structured proforma from available literature.
 
Results: At 82.5 % sites, AWW was present whereas 77.5% sites ASHA workers were present. At 10 session sites ASHA did not have a due list of any beneficiary. Most sessions were conducted at Anganwadi and sub centre. At all 31 session sites, ASHA was mobilizing beneficiaries to the site; and at 6 (15%) session sites, there was not any mobiliser available. At 30 out of 31 session sites, ASHA was reminding beneficiaries for the next visit. AWW was involved in various services which varied from one session to another.
 
Conclusion: The presence of all three frontline workers (AWW, ASHA, and ANM) is essential for comprehensive VHND services, but there are notable challenges, including incomplete beneficiary lists and inadequate tracking of left-out children, hampering effective growth monitoring.
Co-existence of non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia and Bartter syndrome complicated with central precocious puberty: A rare presentation
Authors: Ballal Milind , U. Shetty Akshatha , Shetty Supreetha
Published: September 2023

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is an autosomal recessive disease marked by lack of enzymes required to produce specific hormones. About 90-95% of CAH are caused by steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency and are the result of mutations in the CYP21A2 gene. Bartter syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hyperreninemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypokalaemia, and hypochloremia by activation of the RAS. The underlying renal abnormality results in electrolyte and acid-base imbalance abnormalities. We present a rare case of NCCAH coexisting with Bartter syndrome. A 5 years and 7 months old male was diagnosed with NCCAH at 20 days of life presented with fever and cold for one month, as well as recurrent UTIs for two weeks. General physical examination revealed carpopedal spasm, pubic hairs (+) with penile length (8.5 cm). Investigation revealed kaliuresis, hypercalciuria, metabolic alkalosis, hypokalaemia, and hypochloremia. X-ray of the left wrist revealed bone age as 9 years and genetic analysis was recommended. NCCAH with coexisting BS complicated with central precocious puberty was diagnosed. Symptomatic treatment was administered, and long-term steroid replacement advised. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and Bartter syndrome is difficult to treat, and there is currently no complete cure. Close monitoring and prompt electrolyte replacement with symptomatic treatment are recommended.
O ADOECIMENTO POR TUBERCULOSE NO BAIRRO DO CAJU-RJ: REFLEXÕES SOBRE AS CONDIÇÕES DE VIDA E O ESPAÇO
Authors: Lopes Reinaldo , Brandão Cássia Barreto , Leandro Bianca Borges da Silva
Published: September 2023

O estudo visa descrever a incidência e o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de tuberculose no bairro do Caju, cidade do Rio de Janeiro/RJ, e as potenciais vulnerabilidades existentes no território que ampliam a produção/evolução do agravo como um problema não só de saúde pública, mas também social. Para tanto, analisou-se os dados de casos notificados por tuberculose no Caju entre 2007 e 2016 através do Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação do município do Rio de Janeiro. Com base na análise epidemiológica descritiva foi calculada a taxa de incidência da doença e sua distribuição proporcional nas variáveis sexo, raça, faixa- etária e escolaridade. O perfil epidemiológico revelou que os homens adoeceram mais do que as mulheres, a população negra foi a mais afetada, a maioria dos adoecidos não concluíram o Ensino Fundamental e tinham entre 20 e 40 anos. A taxa de incidência por tuberculose se demonstrou sete vezes maior que a taxa nacional. Diante deste cenário, alguns usos do bairro denominado como "Complexo do Caju" foram reforçados visando estabelecer a relação da Tb com a vulnerabilidade socioambiental. Por fim, aponta-se para a relevância das ações intersetoriais para a redução das desigualdades socioeconômicas na promoção da saúde coletiva.
Colonialismo e Raça em Josué de Castro: uma análise da Geografia da Fome desde o olhar decolonial
Authors: Nunes Pereira Bastos Mariana
Published: September 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar na obra de Josué de Castro a relação estabelecida por ele entre fome, subdesenvolvimento, colonialismo e raça, bem como o motivo da sua escolha pelo método geográfico. Para isso, assumimos as direções de uma pesquisa qualitativa e utilizamos como fonte principal de dados primários o livro Geografia da Fome, de 1946. A nossa premissa de pesquisa sugere que o autor prenunciou uma abordagem "anti-colonialista" e "antirracista", principalmente quando se trata das críticas direcionadas às ideias fatalistas de Thomas Malthus. Castro aprofundou a relação entre o sistema alimentar brasileiro e o traço de subdesenvolvimento do país, através da negação de qualquer determinismo climático ou racial, podendo contribuir para uma visão decolonial do direito à alimentação no chamado Sul Global.
Main socio-cultural categories of the city through the prism of cultural geography
Authors: Penerliev Milen
Published: September 2023

The material treats basic scientific categories available in the scientific toolkit of cultural geography and in geographical science in general. They are considered in the context of the modern development of the city, especially the urban settlements with large populations. Arguments about the role of urbanization, modern unification of urban settlements and loss of identity are put to the fore. The interrelationships between socio-geographical categories such as urban landscape, heritage, geography of images, urban identity and others are viewed herein.
An Approximation to the Knowledge of the Proportionality of the Students and Teachers of Primary Education in Balearic Islands (Spain)
Authors: Sastre-Benestar Aina , Pizà-Mir Bartolomé
Published: September 2023

and
Empty Fields, Empty Promises: A State-by-State Guide to Understanding and Transforming the Right to Farm
Authors: Ashwood Loka , Inlay Aimee , Kuehn Lindsay , Franco Allen , Diamond Danielle
Published: September 2023

The right to farm is essential to everyone's survival. Since the late 1970s, states across the nation have adopted so-called right-to-farm laws to limit nuisance suits loosely related to agriculture. But since their adoption, there has yet to be a comprehensive analysis of what these laws do and who they benefit. This book offers the first national analysis and guide to these laws. It reveals that they generally benefit the largest operators, like processing plants, while traditional farmers benefit the least. Disfavored most of all are those seeking to defend their homes and environment against multinational corporations that use right-to-farm laws to strip neighboring owners of their property rights. Through what the book calls the "midburden," right-to-farm laws dispossess the many in favor of the few, paving the path to rural poverty. Empty Fields, Empty Promises summarizes every state's right-to-farm laws to help readers track and navigate their local and regional legal landscape. The book concludes by offering paths forward for a more distributed and democratic agrifood system that achieves agricultural, rural, and environmental justice.
PENERAPAN ALGORITMA NAÏVE BAYES UNTUK PREDIKSI PENJUALAN PRODUK ICONNET
Authors: Aprila Chindy Clara Edina , Christanto Febrian Wahyu
Published: September 2023

ICONNET, which is a product from PT Indonesia Comnets Plus for the retail customer segment, is a new internet provider. ICONNET intends to provide the best for the Indonesian people. They need to have a strategy in order to continue to increase sales of their products. In the sales process, one way to increase product sales is to know the history of product sales to customers. Is it in accordance with the sales target or not. So if the sales target has not been met, it can be used as a performance evaluation, especially for the marketing and sales team. Therefore, the authors created a sales prediction system by implementing the Naive Bayes Classifier Algorithm which can be used to predict sales of ICONNET products based on previously recorded data. Testing the system with the black box method and performance testing. The resulting output is a web-based system. The percentage of accuracy test results are 89.189%. While the results of performance testing obtained a score with grade A (91%). It is hoped thet in the future this system can be developed with more attention to user needs.
Inferring the photolysis rate of NO2 in the stratosphere based on satellite observations
Authors: Guan Jian , Solomon Susan , Madronich Sasha , Kinnison Douglas
Published: September 2023

Abstract. NO and NO2 (NOx) play major roles in both
tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry. This paper provides a novel method
to obtain a global and accurate photolysis rate for NO2
based on satellite data. The photolysis rate
J(NO2) dominates the daytime diurnal variation of NOx photochemistry. Here the spatial variation of J(NO2) at 50–90∘ S in December from 20–40 km is obtained using data from the Michelson
Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) experiment. Because
NO and NO2 rapidly exchange with one another in the daytime,
J(NO2) can be attained assuming steady
state, and the results are shown to be consistent with model results. The
J(NO2) value decreases as the solar zenith angle increases and has a weak altitude dependence. A key finding is that satellite-derived J(NO2) increases in the polar regions, in good agreement with model predictions, due to the effects of ice and snow on surface albedo. Thus, the method presented
here provides an observation-based check on the role of albedo in driving
polar photochemistry.
Evaluation of hygroscopic cloud seeding in warm-rain processes by a hybrid microphysics scheme using a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model: a real case study
Authors: Lin Kai-I , Chung Kao-Shen , Wang Sheng-Hsiang , Chen Li-Hsin , Liou Yu-Chieng , Lin Pay-Liam , Chang Wei-Yu , Chiu Hsien-Jung , Chang Yi-Hui
Published: September 2023

Abstract. To evaluate the hygroscopic cloud seeding in reality,
this study develops a hybrid microphysics scheme using a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, WDM6-NCU (WDM6 modified by National Central University),
which involves 43 bins of seeded cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the WDM6 bulk method scheme. This scheme can describe the size distribution of seeded CCN and explain the process of the CCN imbedding and cloud and raindrop formation in detail. Furthermore, based on the observational CCN size distribution applied in the modelling, a series of tests on cloud seeding were conducted during the seeding periods of 21–22 October 2020 with stratocumulus clouds. The model simulation results reveal that seeding in in-cloud regions with an appropriate CCN size distribution can yield greater rainfall and that spreading the seeding agents over an area of 40–60 km2 is the most efficient strategy to create a sufficient precipitation
rate. With regard to the microphysical processes, the main process that
causes the enhancement of precipitation is the strengthening of the
accretion process of raindrops. In addition, hygroscopic particles larger
than 0.4 µm primarily contribute to cloud-seeding effects. The study results could be used as references for model development and warm-cloud-seeding operations.
Extended validation of Aeolus winds with wind-profiling radars in Antarctica and Arctic Sweden
Authors: Kirkwood Sheila , Belova Evgenia , Voelger Peter , Chatterjee Sourav , Satheesan Karathazhiyath
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Winds from two wind-profiling radars, ESRAD (ESrange atmospheric RADar) in Arctic Sweden and
MARA (Moveable Atmospheric Radar for Antarctica) on the coast of Antarctica, are compared with collocated (within 100 km) winds measured by the Doppler lidar on board the Aeolus satellite for the
time period July 2019–May 2021 (baseline 2B11). Data are considered as a
whole and subdivided into summer and winter as well as ascending (afternoon) and descending (morning) passes. Mean differences (bias) and random differences
are categorized (standard deviation and scaled median absolute deviation)
and the effects of different quality criteria applied to the data are
assessed, including the introduction of the “modified Z score” to eliminate
gross errors. This last criterion has a substantial effect on the standard
deviation, particularly for Mie winds. Significant bias is found in two
cases, for Rayleigh winds
for the descending satellite passes. at MARA (−1.4 (+0.7) m s−1) and for all Mie winds at ESRAD (+1.0 (+0.3) m s−1). For the Rayleigh winds at MARA, there is no obvious
explanation for the bias in the data distribution. The Mie wind error with
respect to the wind data measured at ESRAD shows a skewed distribution
toward positive values (Aeolus horizontal line-of-sight wind > ESRAD wind). Random
differences (scaled median absolute deviation) for all data together are 5.9 and 5.3 m s−1 for Rayleigh winds at MARA and ESRAD, respectively, and 4.9 and 3.9 m s−1 for Mie winds. When the comparison is restricted to Aeolus
measurements with a mean location within 25 km from the radars, there is no
change to the random differences for Rayleigh winds, but for Mie winds they
are reduced to 3.3 and 3.6 m s−1. These represent an upper bound for Aeolus
wind random errors since they are due to a combination of spatial
differences and random errors in both radar winds and Aeolus winds. The
random errors in radar winds are < 2 m s−1 and therefore contribute little,
but spatial variability clearly makes a significant contribution for Mie
winds, especially at MARA.
A Modified Gaussian Plume Model for Mobile in situ Greenhouse Gas Measurements
Authors: Gillespie Lawson David , Ars Sébastien , Williams James Phillip , Klotz Louise , Feng Tianjie , Gu Stephanie , Kandapath Mishaal , Mann Amy , Raczkowski Michael , Kang Mary , Vogel Felix , Wunch Debra
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Atmospheric methane measurements are important for evaluating high resolution methane inventories and monitoring emissions reductions. Despite recent international efforts to harmonize measurement methodologies and techniques, currently there are no standardized or internationally accepted techniques for estimating emissions from mobile in situ concentration measurements. We present measurements from two different mobile in situ methane laboratories, and compare emission rates calculated from four Gaussian plume Bayesian optimal estimation strategies and a statistical algorithm. For mobile transects from the slower flow-rate instrument, we find a significant asymmetric smoothing artifact. The effect of this asymmetry is most significant for short transects of small (0–50 kg CH4 day−1), nearby methane sources, where the plume crossing time is comparable to the mean residence time of the instrument. We develop a model of this effect, demonstrate how this model can be applied to Gaussian plume inversions, and describe its limitations. We use these results to compute emissions rate estimates for two methane sources from Toronto’s wastewater management system to demonstrate the use and limitations of Gaussian plume inversions to quantify methane emissions in an urban environment. Overall, we highlight the importance of using observed plume enhancement areas rather than the more commonly used enhancement heights for determining comparable emissions estimates between different mobile laboratories.
Analysis of the phase space of the downburst that occurred on 25 June 2021 in Sânnicolau Mare (Romania)
Authors: Xhelaj Andi , Burlando Massimiliano
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Downbursts winds, characterized by strong, localized downdrafts and subsequent horizontal straight-line winds, presents significant risk to civil structures. The transient nature and limited spatial extent present measurements challenges, necessitating analytical models for accurate understanding and predicting their action on structures. This study analyzes the Sânnicolau Mare downburst event in Romania, from June 25, 2021, using a bi-dimensional analytical model coupled with the Teaching Learning Optimization Algorithm (TLBO). The intent is to understand the distinct solutions generated by the optimization algorithm and assess their physical validity. Supporting this examination is a damage survey and wind speed data recorded during the downburst event. Employed techniques include agglomerative hierarchical clustering with the K-means algorithm (AHK-MC) and principal component analysis (PCA) to categorize and interpret the solutions. Three main clusters emerge, each displaying different storm characteristics. Comparing the simulated maximum velocity with hail damage trajectories indicates that the optimal solution offers the best overlap, affirming its effectiveness in reconstructing downburst wind fields. However, these findings are specific to the Sânnicolau Mare event, underlining the need for a similar examination of multiple downburst events for broader validity.
High-resolution Mapping of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions in Large US Cities from TROPOMI Retrievals of Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Columns
Authors: Liu Fei , Beirle Steffen , Joiner Joanna , Choi Sungyeon , Tao Zhining , Knowland K. Emma , Smith Steven J. , Tong Daniel Q. , Ma Siqi , Fasnacht Zachary T. , Wagner Thomas
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Satellite-derived spatiotemporal patterns of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions can improve accuracy of emission inventories to better support air quality and climate research and policy studies. In this study, we develop a new method by coupling the chemical transport Model-Independent SATellite-derived Emission estimation Algorithm for Mixed-sources (MISATEAM) with a divergence method to map high-resolution NOx emissions across US cities using TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) retrievals. The accuracy of the coupled method is validated through application to synthetic NO2 observations from the NASA-Unified Weather Research and Forecasting (NU-WRF) model, with a horizontal spatial resolution of 4 km × 4 km for 33 large and mid-size US cities. Validation reveals excellent agreement between inferred and NU-WRF-provided emission magnitudes (R = 0.99, Normalized Mean Bias, NMB = −0.01) and a consistent spatial pattern when comparing emissions for individual grid cells (R = 0.88 ± 0.06). We then develop a TROPOMI-based database reporting annual emissions for 39 US cities at a horizontal spatial resolution of 0.05° × 0.05° from 2018 to 2021. This database demonstrates a strong correlation (R = 0.90) with the national emission inventory (NEI) but reveals some bias (NMB = −0.24). There are noticeable differences in the spatial patterns of emissions in some cities, which suggests potential misallocation of emissions and/or missing sources in bottom-up emission inventories.
Comparison between ground-based remote sensing observations and NWP model profiles in complex topography: the Meiringen campaign
Authors: Bugnard Alexandre , Collaud Coen Martine , Hervo Maxime , Leuenberger Daniel , Arpagaus Marco , Monhart Samuel
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Thermally driven valley winds and near-surface air temperature inversions are common over complex topography and have a significant impact on the mesoscale weather situation. They both affect the dynamics of air masses and pollutant concentration. Valley winds affect it by favoring exchange between the boundary layer and the free troposphere, and temperature inversion by concentrating pollutants in cold stable surface layers. The complex interactions that lead to the observed weather patterns are challenging for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. To study the performance of the COSMO-1 model anaylsis (KENDA-1), a measurement campaign took place from October 2021 to August 2022 in the 1.5 km wide Swiss Alpine valley called Haslital. A Microwave Radiometer and a DopplerWind Lidar were installed at Meiringen, in addition to a multitude of automatic ground measurement stations observing meteorologic surface variables. Near the measurement’s sites, a low altitude pass, the Brünig Pass, influence the wind dynamic similarly to a tributary. The collected data shows frequent nighttime temperature inversions for all months under study, which persist during daytime in colder months. An extended thermal wind system was also observed during the campaign, except in December and January allowing an extented analysis of along and cross valley winds. The comparison between the observations and the KENDA-1 data provides good model performances for monthly temperature and wind climatologies but frequent and important differences for particular cases, especially in case of foehn events. Modeled nighttime ground temperature overestimations are common due to missed temperature inversions resulting in bias up to 9 °C. Concerning the valley wind system, modeled flows are similar to the observations in their extent and strength, but suffer from a to early morning transition time towards up valley winds. The findings of the present study allow to better understand the temperature distributions, the thermally driven wind system in a medium size valley, the interactions with tributary valley flows, as well as the performances and limitations of a model in such complex topography.
Biophysical coupling of seasonal chlorophyll-a bloom variations and phytoplankton assemblages across the Peninsula Front in the Bransfield Strait
Authors: Veny Marta , Aguiar-González Borja , Marrero-Díaz Ángeles , Pereira-Vázquez Tania , Rodríguez-Santana Ángel
Published: September 2023

Abstract. This study investigates the spatio-temporal variations of the chl-a blooms in the Bransfield Strait (BS) at a climatological scale (1998–2018). We propose that a suitable monitoring of these blooms can be achieved through remotely-sensed observations only if the Bransfield Strait is divided following the Peninsula Front, which ultimately influence the phytoplankton assemblage. Our analysis is based on characterizing climatological fields of Sea Surface Temperature (SST), air temperature, Sea-Ice Coverage (SIC), chl-a concentrations and wind stress, guided by synoptic novel and historical in situ observations which reveal two niches for phytoplankton assemblage: the Transitional Bellingshausen Water (TBW) and Transitional Weddell Water (TWW) pools. The TBW pool features stratified, less saline, warmer waters with shallow mixed layers, while the TWW pool features well-mixed, colder, and saltier waters. We identify that the 0.6 ºC isotherm corresponds to the climatological Peninsula Front location, effectively dividing the Bransfield Strait in two different scenarios. Furthermore, the 0.5 mg m−3 chl-a isoline aligns well with the 0.6 ºC isotherm, serving as a threshold for chl-a blooms of highest concentrations around the South Shetland Islands. These thresholds enable for the first time the monthly climatological description of the two blooms developing in BS at both sides of the Peninsula Front. We think this approach underscores the potential of combining SST and chl-a data to monitor the year-to-year interplay of the chl-a blooms occurring in the TBW and TWW pools contoured by the Peninsula Front.
A Possible Unaccounted Source of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds Formation in Aerosols: Amines Reacting with Secondary Ozonides
Authors: Qiu Junting , Shen Xinlin , Chen Jiangyao , Li Guiying , An Taicheng
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Nitrogen (N)-containing compounds have a significant impact on the optical and toxicological properties of aerosols. 1,2,4-Trioxolanes, known as secondary ozonides (SOZs), key products from the ozonolysis of biogenic terpenoids, are readily taken up into atmospheric aerosols and act as oxidants, potentially interacting with amines in the atmosphere. In the present work, we carefully investigated the component of the particles produced by the ozonolysis of β-caryophyllene (β-C) in the presence of ethylamine (EA), methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA) or ammonia. The mass spectrometric results show that SOZ is the dominant product from the ozonolysis of β-C. It readily reacts with EA and MA but has inert reactivities toward DMA and ammonia. Similar experimental results were achieved with α-humulene (α-H), an isomer of β-C, was used in place of β-C. Additionally, D2O and H218O solvents were used for the characterization of products. The results revealed an intriguing phenomenon that the products from β-C SOZ and α-H SOZ reacting with the same amine (EA or MA) possessed different functional groups, despite the fact that they are isomerized species with the identical chemical structure (1,2,4-trioxolane). That indicates the chemical conformation of SOZs has a strong influence on how they react with amines. For the first time, SOZs derived from β-C and α-H reacting with amines is reported in this study, that may represent a hitherto unrecognized source of N-containing compounds production in atmospheric aerosols.
An advanced tool integrating failure and sensitivity analysis into novel modeling of the stormwater flood volume
Authors: Fatone Francesco , Szeląg Bartosz , Kowal Przemysław , McGarity Arthur , Kiczko Adam , Wałek Grzegorz , Wojciechowska Ewa , Stachura Michał , Caradot Nicolas
Published: September 2023

Abstract. An innovative tool for modeling the specific flood volume was
presented that can be applied to assess the need for stormwater network
modernization as well as for advanced flood risk assessment. Field
measurements for a catchment area in Kielce, Poland, were used to apply the
model and demonstrate its usefulness. This model extends the capability of
recently developed statistical and machine learning hydrodynamic models
developed from multiple runs of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Storm Water Management Model
(SWMM). The extensions enable the inclusion of (1) the characteristics of the
catchment and its stormwater network, calibrated model parameters
expressing catchment retention, and the capacity of the sewer system; (2) extended sensitivity analysis; and (3) risk analysis. Sensitivity
coefficients of calibrated model parameters include correction coefficients
for percentage area, flow path, depth of storage, and impervious area; Manning
roughness coefficients for impervious areas; and Manning roughness
coefficients for sewer channels. Sensitivity coefficients were determined
with respect to rainfall intensity and characteristics of the catchment and
stormwater network. Extended sensitivity analysis enabled an evaluation of
the variability in the specific flood volume and sensitivity coefficients
within a catchment, in order to identify the most vulnerable areas
threatened by flooding. Thus, the model can be used to identify areas
particularly susceptible to stormwater network failure and the sections of
the network where corrective action should be taken to reduce the
probability of system failure. The simulator developed to determine the
specific flood volume represents an alternative approach to the SWMM
that, unlike current approaches, can be calibrated with limited topological
data availability; therefore, the aforementioned simulator incurs a lower cost due to the lower number
and lower specificity of data required.
Geopolítica das Terras Raras e a inserção do Brasil
Authors: Santos-Fuser Lucivânia Nascimento dos
Published: September 2023

Este artigo analisa a disputa geopolítica dos grandes atores globais por elementos de Terras Raras (TR), a inserção do Brasil nessa disputa e suas implicações socioambientais. Seus objetivos são descrever a importância das TR para a indústria e a defesa, analisar a corrida mundial dos principais atores globais (Estados Unidos, União Europeia, China e Japão) por elementos das Terras Raras e avaliar a inserção do Brasil nessa disputa e suas implicações socioambientais. O artigo utiliza o materialismo histórico de Marx e fundamenta-se em Harvey para uma análise crítica sobre a busca por novas reservas de TR, em Klare sobre guerra por recursos e últimos recursos, e no conceito de Keohane e Nye sobre dependência de vulnerabilidade, para avaliar a relação entre os importadores de TR e a China. Conclui que a busca por novas reservas de TR se insere-se na acumulação primitiva do capital, em especial no Brasil, onde, para haver a ampliação da produção de TR, seria preciso, futuramente, explorá-las em Terras Indígenas na Amazônia, causando impactos socioambientais; e que escassez de TR pode afetar a economia de grandes atores globais e gerar de tensões comerciais a conflitos militares.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice regarding WASH among Community Dwellers of District Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Zeeshan Muhammad , Afzal Afzaal , Alvi Aaqib Shahzad , Tubsem Saba
Published: September 2023

The sustainable development in communities and improved quality of life is the utmost adjective of various development programs globally. The 21st century challenge for community development is unprecedented and multilayered with diversity of stakeholders. Within the community context, individuals are strongly associated with their knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) in daily life. Poor knowledge and unsafe practices of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) among community dwellers are among the chief vehicles for transforming infections diseases, which are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity, especially among children. To understand the actual condition of KAP regarding WASH a cluster random sampling technique was applied to obtain samples from target communities of district Sargodha. Various univeriate and bivariate analysis applied through SPSS-21 for insight the individual practice. The findings indicated that two third of community dweller had moderate level of Knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) regarding WASH. The findings from T-test show that there is signification variation existed with respect to gender and socio-demographic aspects of community. The community dwellers somehow understand the importance of safe WASH practices, however, there is an intensive need for essential awareness among community dwellers regarding WASH.
ЦИФРОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПРИ АГРОХИМИЧЕСКОМ ОБСЛЕДОВАНИИ ПОЧВ
Authors: Рахимгалиева Сауле , С.Могханм Фарахат , Есбулатова А
Published: September 2023

В статье рассматриваются вопросы применения цифровых технологий в обследовании почв. В последние годы плодородие пахотных почв Западно-Казахстанской области постепенно снижается. Получение высокого стабильного урожая в условиях сухостепной зоны не возможно. Использование минеральные удобрения без агрохимического обследования почв малоэффективно. Система применения удобрений подразумевает расчёт норм удобрений под запланированный урожай. Это возможно только при детальном определении содержания элементов питания в почве. В мировой практике обследование почв проводится с применением цифровых технологии. Это позволяет проводить точечное дифференцированное внесение минеральных удобрений как элемент точного земледелия. Методика проведения агрохимического обследования почв на богарных и орошаемых участках разная. Определяются в основном органическое вещество, рН, подвижные формы азота, фосфора, калия и серы. Агрохимические анализы почв проводятся в аккредитованной лаборатории.
Mengidentifikasi Kecenderungan Pencarian Kata Kunci Berdasarkan Tren Pencarian Google untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas SEO
Authors: Ferdiansah Rudi , Surya Wijaya Abi , Komarudin Komarudin , Saied Muhammad , Muharam Azka
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kecenderungan pencarian kata kunci berdasarkan tren pencarian Google untuk meningkatkan kualitas SEO. Metode penelitian kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan teknik analisis konten yang mendalam pada 30 situs web di Indonesia yang berkaitan dengan topik yang dijadikan objek penelitian. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pemilik situs web dan pengguna internet di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa kata kunci yang paling banyak dicari pada tahun 2021 di Indonesia. Hasil analisis konten menunjukkan bahwa konten dengan kata kunci yang paling banyak dicari lebih cenderung untuk mendapatkan peringkat yang lebih tinggi dalam hasil pencarian Google. Selain itu, data dari wawancara menunjukkan bahwa kecenderungan pencarian kata kunci pada tahun 2021 telah berubah dan diperkirakan akan terus berubah di masa depan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan kata kunci yang paling banyak dicari dapat membantu meningkatkan kualitas SEO pada situs web di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, situs web harus memperhatikan tren pencarian Google dan mengikuti perkembangan tren pencarian kata kunci untuk meningkatkan kualitas SEO pada situs web mereka.
Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in women from Florianópolis - Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Fedrizzi Edison Natal , Levi José Eduardo
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection in women. About 80% of sexually active women will have contact with this virus at some age in their lives. Most infections will be transient, but when the infection becomes persistent, associated with high oncogenic risk HPV, there may be progression to cancer, especially cervical cancer. The best way to prevent HPV infection is through the use of vaccines. Objective: To assess which are the most prevalent types of HPV in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil and if the majority of the diagnosed types are contained in the HPV vaccines currently available on the market and in the public health sector. Methods: More than 14,727 HPV tests were evaluated for the diagnosis of genital HPV infection in women from Florianópolis. The prevalence of infection was evaluated according to age of the women. HPV detection was performed using molecular biology tests, such as hybrid capture (for diagnosis of the HPV group, high or low oncogenic risk) and PCR (viral genotyping) techniques. Results: The diagnosis of HPV infection was made for women between one and 102 years of age. The highest positivity of the exams was observed in women aged 20–25 years (51% of the exams). The most prevalent age group was 31–35 years old (23.5%), and the lowest was for women aged 70 and above (0.6%). High oncogenic risk HPV was detected in 94.1% of positive samples and was the most frequent in all age groups. Mixed infection (high- and low-risk HPV) was more prevalent in the 66–70 age group (25.6%). The most frequent genotypes were non-16/18 high oncogenic risk HPV (77% of positive cases). HPV 16 was found in 17.1% of positive cases, and HPV 18 in 6.5%. Conclusion: The most prevalent types of HPV in Florianópolis in the last 6 years are non-16/18 high oncogenic risk HPV types, viral types not covered by the current HPV vaccine available in the public health sector in Brazil.
Endometriose umbilical: relato de caso
Authors: Bernardes Nathália Araújo , Capelim Fernanda Carrocini , Magalhães Maria Clara , Rosa Maria Emília , Nunes Isabel , Lotierzo Amanda Trabachini , Ferreira Carlos Eduardo , Urzedo Rafael Osaki
Published: September 2023

Introdução: A endometriose pode afetar vários órgãos, sendo a localização extrapélvica mais comum, especialmente na forma cutânea, que, apesar de rara, pode ser classificada como primária ou secundária. As formas primárias são extremamente incomuns e podem surgir na região perianal, inguinal ou umbilical, sem qualquer relação com cirurgias prévias. Por outro lado, as formas secundárias são mais frequentes e se desenvolvem em cicatrizes cirúrgicas anteriores. Relato de caso: B.A.P.M.V, uma mulher de 31 anos, foi encaminhada ao Ambulatório de Ginecologia devido a dor intensa na região umbilical, acompanhada de sangramento local durante o período menstrual. Ela relatou melhora significativa da dor e do sangramento umbilical após o início do uso de medroxiprogesterona. Negou dispareunia e não teve histórico de cirurgias abdominais. Durante a avaliação, constatou-se na paciente uma ressonância magnética pélvica que revelou traves retráteis retrocervicais e retrouterinas, com extensão para o fórnice vaginal posterior e parede anterior do reto, o que pode ser indicativo de endometriose profunda. Além disso, observou-se formação nodular grosseira na região umbilical, com conteúdo sanguíneo ou hiperproteico no seu interior e realce contrastante, sugerindo um possível foco endometriótico. A ultrassonografia pélvica transvaginal não apresentou alterações significativas, enquanto a ultrassonografia da parede abdominal mostrou imagem nodular hipoecoica na projeção da cicatriz umbilical, medindo 0,9 cm no seu maior diâmetro, sem fluxo detectado pelo Doppler, não sendo possível descartar a possibilidade de um foco de endometriose na cicatriz umbilical. Com base nesses achados, diagnosticou-se endometriose umbilical e a paciente foi indicada para realizar onfalectomia ampla, a fim de garantir a cura completa da doença. Comentários: Menos de 30% dos casos de endometriose cutânea surgem na ausência de cirurgia, sendo denominados endometriose cutânea primária. O diagnóstico da endometriose na cicatriz umbilical é essencialmente clínico, baseado na anamnese e no exame físico. A confirmação definitiva ocorre apenas por meio do estudo histológico do nódulo após a sua remoção. Portanto, essa é uma condição rara que deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de lesões na cicatriz umbilical em mulheres em idade fértil, mesmo que assintomáticas.
Endometriose vesical: relato de caso
Authors: Bremenkamp Brendha Ferrari , Paiva Emanuela Sigiliano de , Moraes Larissa Rocha Barbosa , Barbosa Thaíza Rocha , Bicudo Júlia Andrade , Castro Rogério Martins de , Bonani Luciana Ximenes , Vieira Mayara Rodrigues
Published: September 2023

Introdução: A endometriose é uma condição caracterizada pela presença de tecido endometrial fora da cavidade uterina. Estima-se que até 10% das mulheres em idade reprodutiva sejam afetadas por essa doença, e ela pode estar associada a até 50% dos casos de infertilidade sem causa aparente. A teoria mais aceita sobre a fisiopatologia da endometriose é a menstruação retrógrada, na qual o tecido endometrial flui retrogradamente pelas trompas em direção à cavidade pélvica, onde se implanta na superfície peritoneal e em órgãos pélvicos e abdominais. O diagnóstico da endometriose é desafiador e frequentemente tardio, devido à baixa acurácia do exame físico e dos exames de imagem, bem como à variedade de sintomas apresentados, como dismenorreia, dispareunia, infertilidade, disquezia, dor acíclica e disúria. O tratamento clínico visa suprimir a estimulação estrogênica, mas em casos de piora dos sintomas, progressão da doença, infertilidade, endometriomas maiores que 3 cm ou complicações como comprometimento do diafragma pélvico ou intestino, o tratamento cirúrgico é recomendado. A endometriose no trato urinário ocorre em aproximadamente 1% de todas as pacientes com endometriose e o tratamento depende do estágio da doença. Em casos de envolvimento vesical, a ressecção cirúrgica das lesões é a opção de tratamento preferida. Relato de caso: No caso em questão, uma mulher de 40 anos procurou atendimento ginecológico com queixas inespecíficas de dor pélvica crônica, infecções recorrentes do trato urinário inferior, dismenorreia intensa e disúria durante o período menstrual. Ela relatou que a disúria melhorava após o término do período menstrual. A ressonância magnética pélvica revelou uma lesão nodular heterogênea de 2 cm no recesso vesicouterino, com envolvimento do istmo uterino e teto vesical. A lesão no teto vesical era profunda, penetrando a camada muscular. A paciente foi submetida à cistoscopia com biópsia e posteriormente à laparoscopia, que confirmaram o diagnóstico de endometriose vesical. Comentários: O relato deste caso ressalta a dificuldade no diagnóstico da endometriose e a necessidade de avaliação física minuciosa e estudo detalhado dos exames de imagem para aumentar as chances de diagnóstico preciso. Além disso, destaca a importância da sensibilidade e cuidado no relacionamento médico-paciente, indo além da assistência médica. Este caso clínico proporcionou uma oportunidade de aprendizado durante a formação médica, permitindo uma abordagem abrangente e empática no cuidado com o paciente.
Hidradenite supurativa severa e longa duração. Relato de caso
Authors: Silveira Carlos Tadeu Aparecido Fernandes , Montoiro Thainá Maciel Fraga , Damasceno Caroline Graça Mota , Malatesta Liz Azeredo , Fontes Tereza Maria Pereira , Santos Roberto Luiz Carvalhosa dos , Mendonça Katia Alvim , Torres Manoel Marques
Published: September 2023

Introdução: A hidradenite supurativa (HS) é uma doença crônica caracterizada por inflamação, supuração e cicatrizes das glândulas apócrinas, principalmente nas axilas, virilhas e região anal. A patogênese da HS envolve disfunção da unidade pilossebácea apócrina, resultando em obstrução, dilatação e ruptura do folículo piloso. Isso desencadeia uma resposta imunológica local, levando à formação de lesões inflamatórias. Com a progressão da doença, ocorrem a formação de abscessos, úlceras, fístulas e fibrose cicatricial. A HS está frequentemente associada a múltiplas comorbidades, como obesidade, diabetes, artrite inflamatória e acne, entre outras. Relato de caso: Neste relato de caso, uma paciente de 70 anos, nuligesta e menopausada aos 51 anos, sem comorbidades conhecidas, procurou o Ambulatório de Ginecologia devido a prolapso uterino total, sendo submetida a histerectomia vaginal total. Durante o exame físico inicial, além do prolapso uterino, observaram-se extensas cicatrizes retráteis e deformantes no sulco genitofemoral, mais pronunciadas no lado direito do que no esquerdo, com secreção exsudativa. A paciente relatou episódios infecciosos recorrentes desde a puberdade e já havia passado por vários tratamentos clínicos ao longo da vida, além de ter realizado um procedimento cirúrgico aos 35 anos, que diminuiu a recorrência dos episódios na região afetada à esquerda. Comentários: Este caso chamou a atenção devido à gravidade das deformidades cutâneas na região afetada, causadas pelos episódios inflamatórios recorrentes, bem como pelo longo período de evolução da doença ativa (mais de 50 anos). Normalmente, a HS é mais comum em mulheres jovens com comorbidades, não sendo frequente em pacientes dessa faixa etária sem comorbidades, como é o caso dessa paciente. Portanto, esse caso é considerado singular e atípico, destacando a importância de considerar a possibilidade de HS mesmo em pacientes mais idosas e sem comorbidades, quando os sinais clínicos e a história são sugestivos dessa condição.