bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feminist interpretation in the context of reformational theology: a consideration
Authors: Nunes C. , Van Deventer H. J.M.
Published: August 2012

This article explores the contribution that Biblical interpretation from a feminist perspective may make in the context of refor- mational theology. After an overview of the diverse nature of feminist Biblical interpretation that in itself stems from specific developments in hermeneutics, this article explores the contri- butions made by two prominent scholars in this field, namely Schüssler-Fiorenza and Trible. These contributions are then brought to bear on the South African situation and the debate on the role of women in the church. A suggestion is made as to the contribution that the work of Schüssler-Fiorenza and Trible can make in this context.
’n Beoordeling van die vernaamste kerklike en teologiese tradisies se bydrae tot die etiek van sosio-ekonomiese regte
Authors: Zwemstra H. M.
Published: August 2012

An adjudication of the most prominent ecclesiastical and theological traditions to the ethics of socio-economical rights In this article the contribution of the Roman Catholic Church and that of the main protestant churches to the ethics of socio- economical rights is investigated and adjudicated. The Roman Catholic Church stresses the importance of socio-economic rights, but socio-economic rights are founded in natural law and not in Biblical principles. In the Lutheran tradition socio- economic rights are ascribed to the domain of the world, and no proper Biblical foundation is given. The World Alliance of Re- formed Churches gives a Biblical foundation to socio-economic rigths, but unfortunately it is influenced by political theology. The Testimony on Human Rights of the Reformed Ecumenical Synod is a comprehensive study on human rights in the re- formed tradition, and proper Biblical foundation is given to socio-economic rights.
Oorreding in 1 Korintiërs 3:9c-23
Authors: Snyman A. H.
Published: August 2012

Persuasion in 1 Corinthians 3:9c-23 This article is an attempt to analyse 1 Corinthians 3:9c-23 from a perpective different to approaches which tend to force ancient rhetorical categories on the letter. The analysis is done in terms of what is called “a grounded theoretical approach”. This ap- proach is briefly defined, followed by a description of the rheto- rical situation of the letter and a systematic analysis of these fifteen verses. The focus is on the manner in which Paul ar- gues, the types of argument he uses and the rhetorical tech- niques that could enhance the impact of his communication. It is shown that all these strategies and techniques enable him to achieve his rhetorical objectives in 1 Corinthians 3:9c-23. The conclusion is that a text-based approach with its focus on the functional aspects of the text provides a good (or better) alternative to existing approaches which focus on the formal aspects of the text.
Benaderings tot die interpretasie van die wonderverhale in Markus 8-10
Authors: Van Wyk G. J. , Viljoen F. P.
Published: August 2012

Approaches to the interpretation of miracle stories in Mark 8-10 Research on the miracle stories in Mark 8-10 and their role in this Gospel is discussed. The mythological, religious-historical, form-historical, Biblical-theological, redaction-historical, socio- logical, literary-critical, the research of Van der Loos and Brown, salvation-historical and revelation-historical research are discussed. Research shows that the kingdom of God, a paradoxal Christology and discipleship play an important role in the miracles and miracle stories in the Gospel of Mark. Miracles form an integral part of the gospel and ministry of Jesus. They serve to support the teaching of Jesus.
Editorial
Authors: Vorster J.M.
Published: August 2012

The Editorial Board feels privileged to present this issue of In die Skriflig in honour of Professor Ben de Klerk. For this edition Professors Fritz de Wet and Rantoa Letšosa were asked to act as guest editors, and we thank them for excellent work done in this regard. We, therefore, presented them with the opportunity to write the foreword for this special edition.
’n Prakties-teologiese perspektief op die handeling van kerklike besluitneming – verkenning en normatiewe gesigspunte
Authors: De Wet F.W. , Kruger F.P.
Published: August 2012

A practical-theological perspective on the act of making ecclesiastical resolutions – exploration and normative points or view From the ecclesiastical praxis it seems that in certain cases even resolutions that were considered to be handled prayerfully under guidance of the Spirit are met with resistance. In the light of this problematic praxis, the following research question has been formulated for this research project: Up to what extent does the problematic praxis with respect to ecclesiastical resolutions flow from an oversimplified perception concerning the pneumatological dynamics involved in resolutions of which it is said: “The Holy Spirit and we resolved”? In order to address this research question, the problem field is investigated with the present theological vantage points concerning the explanation of the resolution process as departure point. The research field is further explored by trying to come to grips with the socio-logical and psychological factors that influence human be-haviour during the resolution-making process. In an investi-gation into normative vantage points, the pneumatological field that unfolds when a resolution of “The Holy Spirit and us” mate-rialises, is explored from Acts 15. The researchers reach the conclusion that the process of making ecclesiastical resolutions is indeed a complex process. This process can degenerate into polarisation when a sound balance between anthroponomic and teonomic factors is not maintained.
Belydenisgebondenheid in ’n postmoderne era
Authors: Coetzee C.F.C.
Published: August 2012

The binding to confessions in a postmodern era We are experiencing a paradigm shift between Modernism and Postmodernism in almost every sphere of life, and also in the sphere of church and theology. This paradigm shift has far-reaching consequences, especially for churches in the reformed tradition and the practice of reformed theology as far as the binding to the confessions is concerned. From the viewpoint of Postmodernism, there is no absolute truth. This applies also to Scripture. As far as their hermeneutics is concerned, they adhere to the principles of deduction as formulated by Derrida. According to these principles, a text has no intrinsic meaning but rather creates meaning. There is nothing outside the text. This leads to radical relativism. Over against the postmodern view, reformed hermeneutics maintain that Scripture is the infallible Word of God and proclaims everlasting truth. In the confessions this truth is formulated. Confessions belong to the very essence of the church. The binding to the confessions therefore applies to every member as well as all office-bearers and also professors in theology. In this regard there can be no compromise with Postmodernism.
Preaching as reframing of perspective
Authors: Cilliers J.H.
Published: August 2012

This article takes as point of departure the notion that preaching represents a form of reframing of perspective. Cognisance is taken of Calvin’s understanding of faith as perceiving, as well as Capps’ (1990) reintroduction of the idea of reframing. This is followed up by a brief look at Paul’s reframing of the concepts “foolishness” and “wisdom”, as well as an excursion into the world of art, particularly surrealism as possible homiletic colla-borator. Some implications are drawn for preaching, under the headings: the preacher, congregation, the Biblical text and God as reframer.
Die keuse van ’n model vir inhoudsanalise van preke oor armoede en aan armes as hoorders
Authors: Pieterse H.J.C.
Published: August 2012

A model for content analysis of sermons on poverty and to the poor as listeners The argument in this article is that the leading research question for content analysis of sermons has an influence on the choice of a model for research analysis. The author is searching for a suitable model for sermon analysis in order to analyse sermons on poverty and those directed to the poor. Different authors worked in this field of research, e.g. Cilliers (1982), Pieterse (1986; 1995a; 1995b), Moehn (1996), Vaessen (1997), Stark (2005), De Klerk et al. (2009) and Immink & Verweij (2007). The following models of content analysis for sermons are discussed: the Heidelberg model, the Heidelberg model with the use of the Kwalitan computer programme, the hermeneutical model developed by Vaessen, the model for researching the sermon as a Word of God by Stark, this com-bination of the Heidelberg model and Stark’s model by De Klerk, De Wet and Letšosa, and the grounded theory model for inductive analsysis of sermons in order to develop a theory from the data. The research question of the author’s project, namely on how preachers deal with sermons on poverty and those directed to the poor, has lead him to the choice for a grounded theory model developed by colleagues in Utrecht, the Nether-lands.
Uitdagings van ’n welheidsbediening aan kerke
Authors: Lotter G.A. , Lovell L.
Published: August 2012

Challenges of a wellness ministry to churches The focus of this article is the growth and development of wellness and the significance it has for churches and their ministry. As introduction a description of wellness is given and the different dimensions of wellness are explained briefly. The features of contemporary culture are discussed as well as the holistic approach in the wellness ministry. The importance of the historical relationship between religion, natural and health sciences will be dealt with as background to the discussion of the involvement of the church in the contemporary culture. Finally some recommendations are made regarding wellness and churches and the article ends with conclusions.
Principles for poverty alleviation among the youth in Northern Uganda
Authors: Wilson A. , Letšosa R.S.
Published: August 2012

This article deals with the statistical data and analysis con-cerning poverty among the young people in Uganda. The poverty is continuously ascending, with the most affected region being Northern Uganda. The major cause of poverty in Uganda has been the “South-North divide” fuelled by poor political leadership, that divides people along the lines of politics and ethnicity. Poverty has caused many young people of Northern Uganda to resort to rebellion against the government currently in power. This has led to unending political instability and civil strife most especially in Northern Uganda. In this article atten-tion is given to the conflict in Northern Uganda and attempts are made to propose some amicable resolutions. The discussion includes the current poverty scenario in Northern Uganda and possible strategies for reducing the poverty rate that has caused much damage in Northern Uganda.
He is risen! A play based on Acts 1:1-12
Authors: Branch R.G.
Published: August 2012

This play was written in response to a request to conduct a worship service on Ascension Day, 21 May 2009, a Thursday, for primary school children, ages six to thirteen, from the Potchefstroom Christian School, an English-speaking school in Potchefstroom. The worship service was part of an outreach of Potchefstroom North congregation, a member of the GKSA (Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid-Afrika), to two local schools.An hour earlier on the same day, children from an Afrikaans-speaking school heard a sermon by Prof. Ben de Klerk. This article is dedicated to Professor De Klerk with thanks for his service to the Lord. Truly, his life exemplifies joy and honour.  The author of the play spent two and a half years (July 2002- December 2004) with the Faculty of Theology at the North-West University in Potchefstroom – first on a Fulbright Fellowship and then as an Associate Professor with the Faculty of Theology for a finite term of 18 months. She was back for a visit doing research with her former colleagues when the invitation came to conduct the service for Potchefstroom Christian School on 21 May.During announcements at a chapel service for theology students and faculty earlier in May, she asked for “six strong, broad, energetic, excited, and very handsome men” to be disciples in her new play for children. Young men responded and rehearsals commenced.  The play was well received by the children. It kept their attention because it was fast-moving and fun. They learned a bit about the book of Acts and its opening story, the ascension, in a manner faithful to the Biblical text and yet one that creatively9 incorporated contemporary elements.
To cross ten seas: Calvin on the unity of the church – a contribution to a more responsible ecclesiology
Authors: Van Wyk J.H.
Published: August 2012

As far as ecclesiology is concerned, Calvin experienced a great dilemma during his lifetime. On the one hand, there was the clear teaching of Scripture on the unity of the church of Christ, as confirmed by the great church father Augustine. On the other hand, a separation from the Catholic Church of the sixteenth century was unavoidable. Calvin wrestled intensely with this problem and tried to adhere to biblical teaching on unity. He was disappointed that the Protestant churches distanced them-selves from the theme of unity and declared himself willing to cross ten seas in order to recapture this unity. This leaves us with the question to what extent the reformational churches today take the (visible) unity of the church of Christ seriously.
Teokrasie: beskouings oor Calvyn en die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis, art. 36 – ’n bydrae tot ’n noodsaaklike gesprek
Authors: Coertzen P.
Published: August 2012

Theocracy: views on Calvin and the Confessio Belgica, art. 36 – a contribution to an important debate John Calvin is often seen as a supporter of theocracy and the Dutch Confession of Faith (Confessio Belgica) art. 36 as a theocratic confession. This article looks at the views of various authors on this matter and comes to the conclusion that Calvin was not a supporter of a theocracy and the Dutch Confession, art. 36 is not a theocratic confession either. The question is then asked where the views of Calvin, the Dutch Confession and various countries (inter alia Switzerland, and the Nether-lands) at the time of the Reformation on the relationship be-tween church and state came from. As an answer to this ques-tion the argument is put that, in reaction to the theocracy of the Roman Catholic Church (as can been found in the Corpus Iuris Canonici), it was a returned the historical view on church and state that had been current since the time of Constantine. These views were also applied in South Africa from 1652-1994. An attempt is also made to show what was new in Calvin’s views on church and state.
Luther’s moral synthesis: occamism, Christian mysticism and the idea of being
Authors: Raath A.
Published: August 2012

To Luther human beings can only come to true redemptive knowledge through the Word and through faith. Although philosophical knowledge in the domain of man’s earthly exis-tence cannot provide him with true knowledge in matters of faith, such knowledge is of much importance for man’s earthly existence from a moral point of view. By submitting to universal being even unbelievers can gain valuable insights into moral matters. Such moral insights are important for making human co-existence possible in society. Within the broad context of Luther’s Occamist views on knowledge, both German mysticism and the Stoic-Ciceronian idea of being contribute towards a synthesis from which Luther’s views on morals in matters of faith and philosophy respectively emanate.
’n Ekklesiologiese model vir die bediening van versoening in ’n sosio-politieke konteks
Authors: Vorster J.M.
Published: August 2012

An ecclesiological model for the ministry of reconciliation in a socio-political context This research article examines an ecclesiological model suitable for the promotion of socio-political reconciliation in the South African context from a reformed theological and philo-sophical pespective. Its point of departure is that reformational theology is per definition a public theology, which is inter alia directed at the renewal of society, and that churches have a positive role to play in this regard. Firstly, the article investigates the historic contribution of Kuyper’s ecclesiology and Dooye-weerd’s perspective on social life and the philosophy of the Idea of Law. Secondly, the article focuses on the biblical concept “Kingdom of God” and its implications for an ecclesiological model. Taking into account the contributions of these two lines of thought, the article concludes that the church should be seen as the “power station” of society. The church should equip believers to promote socio-political transformation in society. Furthermore, the church should be actively engaged in socio-political transformation by preaching the reconciliation in Christ and its implications for society, and by being an example of reconciliation amidst a divided community by overcoming the divisions caused by racism, tribalism, sexism, xenophobia, homophobia and ethnocentrism in its own midst.
Die Heilige Gees en die prediking in die erediens
Authors: De Klerk B.J.
Published: August 2012

The Holy Spirit and preaching in the service The question investigated in this article is how the Holy Spirit is present and active in the action of preaching, and what the result of this is. The Spirit edifies the message and establishes certainty within the preachers that the Spirit will create the right audience for the words of the message. Christ as the centre of preaching is accepted and obeyed by the congregation in its meeting with the Lord. Preaching should transfer the lines in the text via the content of Scripture to the human being of today. The congregation should apply the sermon to their concrete life situation through the exercising of the gift of prophecy. Preach- ing and prayer stands in a causal relationship to Scripture reading, because Scripture reading elicits preaching and prayer. Preaching as testimony elicits prayer as worship, and the prayer in turn elicits testimony. This causal and interactive relationship is living and powerful through the dynamic work of God the Holy Spirit, who effects communion between God and the congregation in Jesus Christ through these events.
’n Noodkreet om God se regverdiging of ’n wraakroep om selfgelding? Martelaars aan die voet van die altaar (Op. 6:9-11)
Authors: Du Rand J.A.
Published: August 2012

A cry of distress for justice or a vindictive call for vengeance? The martyrs under the altar (Rev. 6:9-11) The essential question to be answered in this article arises from the martyrs’ cry in Revelation 6:9-11. Is the cry to be interpreted as a justification of God’s judgement or as a cry for vengeance by the suffering martyrs? In other words, is it about God’s disposition in the history of Christianity or about the revengeful self-satisfaction of the martyrs? Both these views have been proposed by exegetes and this has led to confusing theological viewpoints. These exegetical preferences determine further dogmatic and ethical implications. The question may also be asked whether it is at all fitting for Christians to urge God to take revenge on their fellows. In almost all the commentaries on Revelation 6:9-11 the exegetes have neglected the theological implications of their exegetical choices concerning these texts. Newer research on the psychological and socio-cultural situation of the first historical receivers of Revelation, as well as the issue of martyrdom in the early church, help an exegete to gain new insights into an old exegetical problem. Decisive exegetical results also serve as key motifs in the unfolding of the dramatic narrative and theological message in the further chapters of Revelation.
Gospel and constitutional imperatives: the right to life
Authors: Giles S.P.
Published: August 2012

Gospel and constitutional imperatives: the right to life In the Republic of South Africa, Christians are called to live out gospel imperatives within the legal framework of the Constitution. Ethical issues about the right to life are considered from the perspectives of selected gospel and constitutional imperatives. Gospel imperatives impose themselves as a consequence of Christian discipleship. These are many and diverse, both explicit and implicit. Christian vocation, discipleship, witness and perseverance, are foundational and integral to the praxis of Christian daily living. These facets of Christian life are illustrated by the selected gospel imperatives, “Follow me” (Matt. 4:19 and synoptic parallels), “Love God, and your neighbour as yourself” (Matt. 22:34-40 and synoptic parallels), and “Take up your cross” (Matt. 10:38 and synoptic parallels). The central theoretical argument of this article is driven from a reformed ethical perspective. Gospel imperatives have priority over constitutional imperatives since gospel imperatives are of divine origin and constitutional imperatives of human origin. Acknowledgement of these priorities informs the Christian ethical perspective on the right to life and on abortion.
Piëtisme en die wyse waarop die leer van die sogenaamde second blessing beleef word: perspektiewe vanuit die Praktiese Teologie
Authors: Rousseau P.A. , Venter C.A. , Venter C.J.H.
Published: August 2012

Pietism and the manner in which the doctrine of the so-called second blessing is experienced: perspectives from Practical Theology The aim of the research underlying this article was to explore the experience of individuals supporting the form of pietism known as the so-called “second blessing” that implies suc- cessive works of grace. In this form of pietism sanctification is overemphasised at the expense of justification. In this article, a basis-theoretical assessment of core elements is followed by empirical-qualitative research data, more specifically the results of narrative analysis. A purposive sample of nine participants was used. The research data was obtained by means of a semi-structured questionnaire that the participants had to com- plete, as well as by a semi-structured interview that was con- ducted with each participant individually. The content analysis of the research data indicates possible reasons why some in- dividuals favour this form of pietism, why some individuals do not favour this doctrine, why some individuals remain sup-porters of this form of pietism, and how some individuals are “freed” from it. Guidelines are given on a practice-theoretical level concerning the way in which the outcome of these results can be applied. An indication is given of the ways in which spiritual leaders, counsellors and other believers may find it useful to utilise the research data in their pastoral counselling of persons who practise this form of pietism.
Natuurwetenskaplike kennis en die Woord van God
Authors: Stoker P.H.
Published: August 2012

Natural science knowledge and the Word of God The Greek philosophers denied that true knowledge could be obtained by observing the sensory world. True knowledge rela- ted only to things that were unchanging, immutable. For Pytha- goras and Plato that meant, first of all, mathematics. Following the Pythagorean-Platonian tradition, many early scientists held that mathematical order represented the most real and certain aspect of the world. Galileo moved science away from ordinary observations toward mathematical reasoning. For Galileo the abstract, idealistic world was the real world. However, in the natural world, which is anarchic and far from equilibrium, energy transfer represents a source of order, creativity and growth. Al- so, new assemblages of species appeared after large numbers of species had gone extinct in earth’s history. These surges of energy transfer cannot be described by linear time. Scripture does not reveal to us the workings of nature – we can only learn about it through scientific methods. However, those who do not acknowledge God’s supernatural acts of creation are forced to search for other answers through their own thinking about the origin, purpose, meaning and interrelatedness of everything. It is shown that the successive acts of creation in Genesis 1 are reconcilable with current knowledge of the natural sciences.
A theological view of environmental protection in Africa
Authors: Mwambazambi K.
Published: August 2012

African theologians, and indeed all humanity, should individually and collectively make a permanent commitment to environmen- tal protection. Using conceptual tools as well as sociological and theological critical analysis, it can be demonstrated how closely such concepts as politics, economics, war, culture, tech- nology, urbanisation, the Internet, globalisation, missiology, and theology are related to ecology and our natural environment. Consequently, African theologians and concerned people need to take into account, and observe ecological norms as part of the fulfilment of their world mission. Mugambi and Mika (2001:4) affirm that “human beings and nature as such are valuable and deserve to survive”. Therefore, global and local role players must assume appropriate responsibility in order to ensure the necessary ecological balance to sustain life on this planet. This article analyses and demonstrates the importance of environ- mental protection of the African continent. The overall objective is to promote environmental awareness and active engagement in assessing the environmental impact on all human activities.
An evangelical voice in Africa: the worldview background of the theology of Tokunboh Adeyemo (1 October 1944-17 March 2010)
Authors: Van der Walt B. J.
Published: August 2012

Africa was blessed with a son of the calibre of Dr Tokunboh Adeyemo. Since he only recently passed away, we do not yet have (as far as the author is aware) an assessment of the legacy of this eminent Christian leader. This article is the first preliminary evaluation written from a reformational worldview perspective.  The set-up of the investigation is as follows: Firstly, a brief out- line is given of his life history, especially his training in the Evangelical tradition. Then, the décor (the overall situation of African Christianity) that was the background against which he lived and worked is painted. Thirdly, it is followed by the strengths and weaknesses of Evangelical Christianity of which Adeyemo was a representative. Fourthly, it is indicated how Adeyemo thought in line with post-Lausanne Evangelicalism. In the fifth place a preliminary worldview evaluation of his legacy is given. To assist possible future research a bibliography of his most important publications concludes the investigation.
A letter from the Director of the African Centre for Disaster Studies - The different faces of vulnerability: Are we making any impact at all?
Authors: Van Niekerk Dewald
Published: August 2012

Vulnerability is the common cause of the immense disaster risk present on the African continent.
Reducing Disaster Risk through Vulnerability Assessment: An Agricultural Perspective
Authors: Van Zyl Koos
Published: August 2012

A growing population, economic and environmental losses due to natural or human-made disasters, provides the need for a systematic approach to the management of risks. It is generally accepted that a multi-disciplinary understanding of disaster risk management is required.
Use of Satellite Images to map Flood Extension around the city of Saint Louis in the Senegal River Estuary
Authors: Dia Aliou , Kouame Jacob Loulou , Rudant Jean-Paul , Wade Soulèye
Published: August 2012

The traditional method of landsat satellite data combination and the gathering of important information made it possible to produce a Geographical Information System to monitor floods in the lower estuary of the Senegal River valley (Sandholt,I., Fog, B. & Fensholt, R., 2001). This technical approach is a powerful tool for combining important information for a better comprehension of the floods and the characterization of surface qualities on the estuary. By way of a multi-temporal approach, the study team established the qualitative and quantitative impact of floods on the various geographical objects, a detailed cartography of the land use and the surfaces flooded in 1998 and 1999. The study undertaken in Saint Louis made it possible to consider surfaces flooded in 1999, and to understand the extent of these floods compared to those of 1998. The constitution of a tool of decision-making aid makes it possible to have information relating to the extent of the flood, the scope of flooded surfaces and to detect the more exposed zones in order to establish a hierarchical map according to the percentage of exposure to the risk of the geographical objects affected by the floods (populations), road infrastructures and tracks, medical and social infrastructures and perimeters of cultures (agriculture).
Grasping the hydra: the need for a holistic and systematic approach to disaster risk reduction
Authors: Becker Per
Published: August 2012

This article stresses the significance of recognising interdependencies between factors determining disaster risk in any attempts to integrate disaster risk reduction in international development cooperation. It bases its arguments on the case studies of four past projects in Sri Lanka and Tajikistan, which are scrutinised using a theoretical framework based on systems approaches. It appears that the results of ignoring interdependencies may (1)cause sub-optimisation problems where the desired outcome is not reached as the factor focused on and/or the desired outcome are dependent on other factors, and (2) make it difficult or impossible to monitor and evaluate the actual effects of international development cooperation projects in disaster risk reduction.
Geographic information systems based demarcation of risk zones: the case of the Limbe Sub-Division – Cameroon
Authors: Gaston Buh Wung
Published: August 2012

In the Limbe Subdivision of Cameroon, landslides and flooding are frequent threats. The worst recorded event occurred in June 2001, when floods and landslides took the lives of some 30 persons, left over 2000 people homeless, and destroyed property and social amenities including roads and telephone lines worth hundred of thousands of US Dollars. The objective of this project was to assist local administrative officers, other decision makers and planners to understand which areas to concentrate their efforts on in order to develop mitigation actions to protect the lives of the population in these zones that are affected by flooding and associated landslides. To meet this objective the project made extensive use of geospatial tools and existing digital spatial datasets. Series of field data collection exercises constituted an integral part of the project. The project focused on the Limbe subdivision in the south-western part of Cameroon. Areas with high (greater than 60%) probability of sliding to occur, occupy 23% while areas with medium (greater than 40% and less than 60%) probability of sliding to occur occupy 44% and areas with low (less than 40%) probability of sliding occupy 33%. Settlements along the Atlantic coast all lie less than ~50m above sea level. These settlements (villages) are susceptible to flooding. Again settlements in the town of Llimbe along the Djenguele river, i.e., Animal Farms, Cassava Farms, Lumpsum areas, Church Street, New Town and Down Beach, are more susceptible to inundation during raining periods and therefore have experienced persistent flooding over the years.
The Risk Society: Towards a new modernity
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano E.
Published: August 2012

The present review discusses one of the pioneer projects authored by Ulrich Beck, regarding risk perception issues, which was originally titled Risikogesellshaft, Auf dem weg in eine andere Moderne or in English The society of risk, towards a new modernity. This review is part of a broader project related to a Social Psychology doctoral thesis on fears of travelling in urban circumstances.
Local Human Development in contexts of permanent crisis: Women’s experiences in the Western Sahara
Authors: Belloso María López , Azkue Irantzu Mendia
Published: August 2012

Sahrawi women are active agents in the social dynamics of the refugee camps, in which they have developeda number of coping strategies to overcome the hardships of a deteriorating humanitarian situation. Since the outbreak of the con#ict and the forced settlement in Tindouf, Algeria, women have been responsible for the entire management of refugee camps, assuming leadership roles in many sectors of society.This paper highlights the Sahrawi women’s contribution to the process of local human development in a context of protracted refuge such as the one in the Western Sahara. In addition to the enlargement of the refugee population’s capacities in relation to material and physical assets, social and organizational abilities, and motivational strengths, one of the major achievements of Sahrawi women has been their own individual and collective process of empowerment within the camp life.
Le développement humain local dans les contextes de crise permanente : l’expérience des femmes au Sahara Occidental
Authors: Belloso María López , Azkue Irantzu Mendia
Published: August 2012

Les femmes sahraouies sont des agents actifs dans la dynamique sociale des camps de réfugiés, au sein desquels elles ont défini un certain nombre de stratégies de résolution de problèmes pour surmonter les obstacles liés à une situation humanitaire qui se détériore. Depuis le début du conflit et le déplacement forcé à Tindouf, en Algérie, les femmes sont en e%et intégralement responsables de la gestion des camps de réfugiés, et ont assumé un rôle de dirigeantes dans de nombreux secteurs de la société. Cet article souligne la contribution des femmes sahraouies au processus de développement humain local dans un contexte de refuge prolongé tel celui que connaît le Sahara Occidental. En plus d’améliorer la capacité d’accès des réfugiés aux ressources matérielles, physiques, sociales et organisationnelles ainsi qu’aux forces motivationnelles, les femmes sahraouies ont été en mesure de mettre en place leur propre processus de renforcement des capacitésII individuelle et collective dans la vie du camp.
From marginality to further marginalization: Experiences from the victims of the July 2000 Payatas trashslide in the Philippines
Authors: Gaillard JC , Cadag Jake Rom D.
Published: August 2012

Victims of disasters are disproportionately drawn from the marginalized segments of society. Disaster victims are marginalized geographically because they live in hazardous places, socially because they are members of minority groups, economically because they are poor, and marginalized politically because their voice is disregarded by those with political power. #e victims of the July 2000 Payatas trash slide in the Philippines show all these characteristics. Most of the victims of the disaster were urban migrants who came all the way from their poor provinces to settle on the lower slopes of the largest dumpsite of the country. #ey scavenged recyclable materials to sell as a way to make a living, but their limited incomes did not allow them to a$ord safer locations for their homes, farther removed from the slopes of the dumpsite. On the morning of 10 July 2000, 300 of them lost their lives when a large section of the dumpsite collapsed in a massive debris %ow which buried their houses. In the aftermath of the disaster, the survivors who used to live on the dumpsite, and who were the poorest victims, were also those who were relocated by the Philippine government. In the present case, the most vulnerable families in the face of the trash slide were eventually those who had to su#er again from life-disrupting relocation while being the less able to recover quickly from the disaster. Daily incomes of relocated families are today much lower than those who remained in the vicinity of the dumpsite. For the victims of the July 2000 Payatas tragedy, poverty thus acted as a vicious, worsening circle which ranged from vulnerability to poor recovery, or from marginality to further marginalization.
Resettlement of communities The case study of Jaguaribara: A resilient community (Northeast of Brazil)
Authors: Amorim Isabelle
Published: August 2012

This paper examines the displacement of the inhabitants of Jaguaribara (Northeast Brazil) who were resettled due to the construction of the “Castanhao”. #e Government planned a new city to shelter the inhabitants from “Old Jaguaribara” that was $ooded due to the over$owing of the dam. #e case of Jaguaribara provides another perspective for analysing the consequences of the resettlement of the community, elucidating - besides the impoverishment risks - the protective factors that came up during the process of resistance against the construction of the dam, in the light of the concept of resilience. In order to capture the various dimensions of this process, qualitative primary data were used as the main source, together with documentation made by NGOs and professionals involved during the process of resistance against the construction of the dam, as well as semi-structured interviews. #e enhancement of resilience in Jaguaribara represented the possibility to transform isolated individuals into a powerful integrated group that could combine forces, catalyse collective gains as well as articulate and defend common interests.
Les victimes silencieuses des crises humanitaires et l’(in)sécurité de leurs activités économiques : Etude de cas parmi les migrants de deux villes tchadiennes
Authors: Djindil Syntyche Nakar , De Bruijn Mirjam
Published: August 2012

Lorsqu’une catastrophe humanitaire fait la une des médias, la communauté internationale se mobilise à réduire les conséquences les plus sérieuses. La population du Tchad connaît cependant des crises endémiques qui ne sont liées à aucun élément déclencheur particulier# ; elle ne reçoit pas l’assistance internationale nécessaire pour faire face à ces problèmes. La présente étude concerne 111 ménages de migrants de la région du centre du Tchad, qui ont, à cause de la guerre et de la sécheresse, tout perdu, et qui vivent désormais dans de N’Djamena et de Mongo#; ces familles sont confrontées à la précarité et à d’autres éléments qui menacent leurs moyens de subsistance. Des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives ont été combinées dans l’étude pour révéler l’histoire intrigante de leur vie quotidienne au milieu de crises complexes et endémiques. Des données anthropométriques et sanitaires ont été utilisées pour déterminer l’état nutritionnel des mères et de leurs enfants de moins de cinq ans. Des narrations de vie, des entretiens en profondeur et des observations participatives ont permis aux chercheurs de déterminer les stratégies de négociation que ces familles adoptent pour accéder à leur nourriture et à leurs abris, leur expérience de l’insécurité alimentaire et de la vulnérabilité sanitaire, ainsi que les conséquences que ces éléments ont sur leur vie quotidienne. Les résultats indiquent que 62% des ménages sont dirigés par des femmes, qu’il existe de forts taux de malnutrition aiguë (40-50%) et chronique (35-40%) et que 46% des mères sont sous-alimentées et anémiées. Les taux de mortalité infantile se sont avérés également élevés#: de 30% à 42%. 97% des enfants n’ont pas été complètement vaccinés, voire pas vaccinés du tout, dans certains cas. Aucun des ménages n’a accès à l’eau potable et aux services sociaux de base. La corruption endémique et l’abus manifesté par les autorités tchadiennes ont été identi$és comme sources d’insécurité quotidienne. Ces migrants considèrent cette situation misérable comme normale.
The Hyogo Framework for Action and its implications for disaster management and reduction in Africa
Authors: Olowu Dejo
Published: August 2012

At the World Conference on Disaster Reduction, Hyogo, Japan, in January 2005, the international community adopted a 10-year plan to make the world safer from disasters. The resultant Hyogo Framework for Action is the global blueprint for disaster risk reduction with the goal of substantially reducing disaster losses in human lives and socio-economic assets. What is the signi!cance of the HFA for the adoption of disaster prevention, management and risk reduction frameworks in African States? Since 2005, what has been the attitude of African States to the promise of the HFA? In terms of policy and planning, how should African States engage the HFA towards securing human lives and properties against natural and human-induced disasters? With the myriad challenges of mass poverty and underdevelopment across Africa, what implications does the HFA hold for disaster risk reduction and management in African States? This article attempts to address this plethora of questions, drawing on lessons learned in Africa and beyond. The article examines the background of the HFA and its progress in shaping the global policy agenda towards disaster management and reduction. While the article acknowledges some of the inherent weaknesses in the promise of the HFA, it nonetheless accentuates its inimitable implications for broad legal and policy strategies towards ameliorating the usual horrific aftermath of disasters in Africa.
Assessing urban fire risk in the central business district of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Kachenje Yohannes , Kihila Jacob , Nguluma Huba
Published: August 2012

Buildings as infrastructure along with people’s lives need protection against fire outbreaks. Knowledge on the use of installed facilities is essential in tackling There emergencies, otherwise their installation becomes meaningless. Lack of such knowledge could hamper escape from There hazards and thwart attempts to contain there outbreaks at their preliminary stage. THis study, carried out in the Central Business District of Dar es Salaam City, assessed urban there risk with respect to public awareness on the use of #re #ghting facilities and preparedness in the event of #re outbreaks. Public buildings with at least four storeys or 2000m2 floor space were surveyed. According to the Fire and Rescue Act of 2007, such buildings have to be provided with adequate means of escape and #re #ghting facilities. Data was collected through observation and interviews with building managers, users and key informants. The study revealed high there disaster risk in most buildings of the study area, as 60% of the buildings’ users do not know how to operate the facilities, and 41% are not aware of the available escape means in case of there outbreak. Worse still, only 29% had received training within the past five years, and 68% had never been trained.
Community perceptions and response to flood risks in Nyando District, Western Kenya
Authors: Nyakundi Hellen , Mogere Stephen , Mwanzo Isaac , Yitambe Andre
Published: August 2012

In Kenya, the ability of local people to resist the impact of disasters has not been given adequate attention. A descriptive cross sectional study sought to investigate community perceptions and responses to flood risks in low and high risk areas of the Nyando District, Western Kenya. A total of 528 households, six government officials and have project managers of Community Based Organizations (CBOs) and Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) were interviewed. Additionally, seven Focus Group Discussions(FGDs) involving three women, two male and two teacher groups were conducted. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Program. The Chi-square test was used to determine associations and di'erences between variables. In the study, 83% of the respondents were aware of Traditional Flood Knowledge (TFK) and 80% acknowledged its use. Perception of the risk is influenced by several variables, most notably past experience of major floods and having survived them. Residents in the high risk areas had signfficantly higher levels of awareness and use of traditional flood knowledge. they were more aware of the nature of the flood related health risks they were exposed to and appeared better prepared for future flood risk. They were, however, more dependent on external aid. On the other hand, residents living in the low risk area reported better success with their response mechanisms.
Invasive plant species and their disaster-effects in dry tropical forests and rangelands of Kenya and Tanzania
Authors: Obiri John F.
Published: August 2012

Invasive plants are a hazard in the tropical dry forests and rangelands of East Africa. Although often not reported, they have increasingly created disasters that have affected the environment and socio-economic wellbeing of communities inhabiting these dry regions. This paper reports on the key invasives in the drylands of Kenya and Tanzania and their effects, and suggests some disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies. The study was largely based on secondary data analysis and supported by surveys in the affected drylands. The findings show ten key invasive plant species that affect the drylands. Their disaster-effects vary and include: causing the death of livestock by poisoning and destroying livestock foliage, accelerating biodiversity loss via suppression of native plants, to increasing diseases by o#ering a breeding ground for mosquitoes and other insects that carry ailments like nagana and sleeping sickness. The DRR initiatives include (1) having a prudent land use system that discourages activities like unplanned burning of drylands, (2) assessing and monitoring phytosanitary risks associated with introduced plant species, (3) strengthening national and local institutional capacities that enhance invasive species awareness and preparedness for disasters, and (4) enhancing early warning systems related to plant invasion.
The effect of treatment with a slow-releasing oxytocin preparation at the onset of oestrus on the ovulation rate of Merino ewes : research note
Authors: King P.R. , Coetzer W.A.
Published: August 2012

The effect of a slow-releasing oxytocin preparation on the ovulation rate of Merino ewes was investigated. Synchronised Merino ewes were subcutaneously injected with a slow-re-leasing preparation containing 10 IU oxytocin, 48 hours after sponge withdrawal. Laparo-scopic examination of the ovaries of all ewes was performed 10 d after the oxytocin treatment in order to determine the number of corpora lutea per ewe. The ovulation rate of the adult ewes of the treated and control groups was 179.1 % and 159.1 % respectively (p 0.05) while that of the 2-tooth ewes was 108.3 % and 112.8 % respectively (p 0.05). It would appear that a higher ovulation rate can be obtained by a single injection of a slow-releasing oxytocin preparation at the onset of oestrus. The lack of response in the 2-tooth ewes was probably due to their relatively low body weight.
The pathophysiology and medical management of canine osteoarthritis : continuing education
Authors: Vaughan-Scott T. , Taylor J.H.
Published: August 2012

Osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease is a condition characterised by degeneration of articular cartilage often associated with the formation of new bone at joint surfaces or margins. Commonly encountered in dogs, osteoarthritis may have a gradual onset, but may also occur acutely. Osteoarthritis can be a primary disease of joint cartilage, but is more often secondary to abnormal stresses on joints. This article describes the pathogenesis and progression of cartilage degeneration as well as the dietary, lifestyle and pharmacological management of osteoarthritis. Recent pharmacological developments allow the clinician not only to control clinical signs of the disease, but also to slow the progression of cartilage degeneration.
SAVA Awards - SAVV Toekennings, 1996
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: August 2012

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, Vol 68, Issue 1, Mar