bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Korean Leeds satisfaction questionnaire in rheumatoid arthritis with Rasch models
Authors: Cho Soo‐Kyung , Kim Hyoungyoung , Song Yeo‐Jin , Nam Eunwoo , Jones Bethan , Ndosi Mwidimi , Sung Yoon‐Kyoung
Published: August 2022

Objectives

We conducted the cross‐cultural adaptation and validation of the Leeds Satisfaction Questionnaire (LSQ) for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Korea.

Methods

The adaptation of the LSQ from English into Korean was based on guidelines for cross‐cultural adaptation for self‐report measures. Patients with RA were recruited from an outpatient clinic of a university hospital in South Korea. Validation of the Korean‐LSQ with Rasch models was carried out using WINSTEPS. Model fit was determined by Infit and Outfit statistics (≥0.50 and ≤1.50), including the separation index (≥2.00) and reliability index (≥0.80).

Results

The data set comprised 125 patients (82.4% female), with median (interquartile range) age 49.0 (37‐57) years, and disease duration of 2.5 (1.2‐3.8) years. The total and subscale scores of the Korean‐LSQ demonstrated excellent or good test‐retest reliability (0.88 for total, 0.71‐0.82 for subscales), and items in the scale also revealed a high internal consistency (α = 0.93). The six subscales of the Korean‐LSQ were found to have a good fit to the Rasch model and good reliability (Person separation index = 2.63 and reliability index = 0.87; item separation index = 37.03 and reliability index >0.99). In addition, the unidimensionality of the scale was confirmed by the principal component analysis based on the Rasch residuals.

Conclusion

Fit to the Rasch model confirmed that the construct validity, reliability, and unidimensionality of the LSQ were preserved following the adaptation into Korean. The Korean‐LSQ is a valid and reliable tool for measuring satisfaction with care in Korean patients with RA.
Beads from a mediaeval pilgrim centre: Chemical composition and provenance of glass from Banganarti, Nubia, Sudan
Authors: Then‐Obłuska Joanna , Dussubieux Laure
Published: August 2022

Christian Nubia was a region with intensive transcultural connections that are visible through the understudied overseas glass bead imports found there. This paper presents the results of an analysis of 20 glass beads from Banganarti, a Christian pilgrim site active during the Makuria kingdom (mid‐sixth to 14th centuries CE). Compositional analyses using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) have identified glass belonging to a number of broad compositional groups. Two beads were made of mineral soda‐lime glass, dated before the mid‐ninth century CE. Numerous beads were made from plant ash‐soda‐lime glass associated with “Mesopotamian” production dated between the eighth and 10th centuries CE. Lead‐soda‐silica glass has parallels in the ninth–10th centuries glass found in Africa and Europe. One plant ash‐soda‐lime bead was of eastern Mediterranean origin dated after the 10th century CE. Results of this study provide new evidence for provenance and chronology of glass beads available in the mediaeval Northeast Africa as well as contribute new data to the research on the pilgrim and/or trade routes of that time.
Impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 infection on the outcome of primary central nervous system lymphoma treatment: A study of the International PCNSL Collaborative Group
Authors: Steffanoni Sara , Calimeri Teresa , Laurenge Alice , Fox Christopher P. , Soussain Carole , Grommes Christian , Tisi Maria Chiara , Boot Jesca , Crosbie Nicola , Visco Carlo , Arcaini Luca , Chaganti Sridhar , Sassone Marianna C. , Alencar Alvaro , Armiento Daniele , Romano Ilaria , Dietrich Jorg , Itchaki Gilad , Bruna Riccardo , Fracchiolla Nicola S. , Arletti Laura , Venditti Adriano , Booth Stephen , Musto Pellegrino , Hoang Xuan Khê , Batchelor Tracy T. , Cwynarski Kate , Ferreri Andrés J. M.
Published: August 2022

To optimise management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection identifying high‐risk patients and maintaining treatment dose intensity is an important issue in patients with aggressive lymphomas. In the present study, we report on the presentation, management, and outcome of an international series of 91 patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. SARS‐CoV‐2 was diagnosed before/during first‐line treatment in 64 patients, during follow‐up in 21, and during salvage therapy in six. Among the 64 patients infected before/during first‐line chemotherapy, 38 (59%) developed pneumonia and 26 (41%) did not clear the virus. Prolonged exposure to steroids before viral infection and/or treatment with high‐dose cytarabine favoured pneumonia development and virus persistence and were associated with poorer survival; 81% of patients who did not clear virus died early from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Vaccination was associated with lower pneumonia incidence and in‐hospital mortality. Chemotherapy was initiated/resumed in 43 (67%) patients, more commonly among patients who did not develop pneumonia, cleared the virus, or did not receive steroids during infection. Chemotherapy resumption in patients with viral persistence should be indicated cautiously as it was associated with a poorer survival (6‐month, 70% and 87%, p = 0.07). None of the 21 patients infected during follow‐up died from COVID‐19, requiring similar measures as infected subjects in the general population.
Loneliness, internalizing symptoms, and inflammatory markers in adolescent COVID‐19 survivors
Authors: Akçay Elif , Çöp Esra , Dinç Gülser Senses , Göker Zeynep , Parlakay Aslınur Özkaya , Demirel Betül Damla , Mutlu Müge , Kırmızı Begüm
Published: August 2022

Background

Concerns about the psychiatric sequelae after COVID‐19 infection have increased as the pandemic spreads worldwide. The increase in self‐isolation during this pandemic period has also revealed the importance of feelings of loneliness. This study aimed to examine the relationship between baseline inflammation levels, internalizing symptoms, and feelings of loneliness in adolescent COVID‐19 survivors in the long term.

Methods

A total of 74 adolescents (41 girls, 55.4%, mean age 14.88) and their parents were included in the study. This cross‐sectional study assessed internalizing symptoms via Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) and feelings of loneliness using the UCLA‐loneliness scale. Baseline inflammatory markers at COVID‐19 diagnosis were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors for depression in adolescents.

Results

The most common disorder was Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (25.7%), and 33.8% of the adolescents were in the clinical range in at least one internalizing domain. Baseline C‐Reactive Protein (CRP) levels correlated weakly with MDD scores. Loneliness scores correlated with all internalizing symptoms, strong association with MDD scores. Loneliness, anxiety, and parental anxiety were associated with an increased likelihood of MDD. Baseline CRP positivity did not predict MDD in adolescent COVID‐19 survivors.

Conclusions

This study indicates that anxiety, loneliness, and parental anxiety play an important role in adolescents' experience of depressive symptoms after COVID‐19 infection. Thus, screening parental psychopathology and loneliness in COVID‐19 survivors seems to be preventive for adolescent mental health problems.
The value of shareholder rights in family firms: Global evidence from a death in the family
Authors: Tanyeri Günsür Başak , Alp Ezgi
Published: August 2022

Research Question

How does the protection of shareholder rights affect the pricing of family firms?

Research Findings

Investor reaction to a death in the family, measured using abnormal stock returns, averages 0.58% and is significant. Investors perceive the death to be a value enhancing event with the potential to dilute family control. The positive investor reaction is amplified in countries and periods with weaker protection of shareholder rights.

Theoretical Implications

External and internal corporate governance mechanisms limit the extent to which majority shareholders can take actions that hurt firm value. As such, investor perceptions of how faithfully their interests are protected depend on the extent to which legal rules protect shareholder rights.

Policy Implications

Investors pay attention to the regulatory environment of the country, as well as corporate governance in the firm when evaluating agency costs. Our research has important policy implications because we show how better protection of shareholder rights affects the pricing and hence the funding costs of family firms.
On the relation between corruption and market competition
Authors: Varvarigos Dimitrios , Stathopoulou Eleni
Published: August 2022

We construct a model where bureaucrats are corruptible, in the sense that they may accept bribes in order to mislead the authorities on the actual circumstances of firms that do not comply with a government regulation. We show that corruption increases the number of competing firms. We also show that increased competition (i) increases the likelihood that corruptible bureaucrats will actually transgress, and (ii) increases the bribe that corrupt bureaucrats will demand from each firm. These results are consistent with existing evidence showing a positive relation between competition and corruption, and that this causal relation operates in both directions.
Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: A summary of the Sixteenth Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs and Devices (EILAT XVI): I. Drugs in preclinical and early clinical development
Authors: Bialer Meir , Johannessen Svein I. , Koepp Matthias J. , Levy René H. , Perucca Emilio , Perucca Piero , Tomson Torbjörn , White H. Steve
Published: August 2022

The Eilat Conferences have provided a forum for discussion of novel treatments of epilepsy among basic and clinical scientists, clinicians, and representatives from regulatory agencies as well as from the pharmaceutical industry for 3 decades. Initially with a focus on pharmacological treatments, the Eilat Conferences now also include sessions dedicated to devices for treatment and monitoring. The Sixteenth Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs and Devices (EILAT XVI) was held in Madrid, Spain, on May 22–25, 2022 and was attended by 157 delegates from 26 countries. As in previous Eilat Conferences, the core of EILAT XVI consisted of a sequence of sessions where compounds under development were presented and discussed. This progress report summarizes preclinical and, when available, phase 1 clinical data on five different investigational compounds in preclinical or early clinical development, namely GAO‐3‐02, GRT‐X, NBI‐921352 (formerly XEN901), OV329, and XEN496 (a pediatric granular formulation of retigabine/ezogabine). Overall, the data presented in this report illustrate novel strategies for developing antiseizure medications, including an interest in novel molecular targets, and a trend to pursue potential new treatments for rare and previously neglected severe epilepsy syndromes.
Tongue ties do not widen the upper airways in racehorses
Authors: Barton Ann Kristin , Troppenz Anne , Klaus Dana , Lindenberg Inga , Merle Roswitha , Gehlen Heidrun
Published: August 2022

Background

There is contradictory evidence on the potential benefits of tongue ties on upper airway function and their efficacy in inhibiting intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) in racehorses.

Objectives

To test the hypothesis that tongue ties increase the pharyngeal diameter and decrease the occurrence of dynamic airway obstruction in racehorses.

Study design

Prospective, crossover blinded clinical study.

Methods

Data of 22 Thoroughbred and 8 Standardbred racehorses examined using overground endoscopy under full‐intensity exercise on training racetracks with and without fixation of the tongue by use of tongue ties were analysed. Equivalent exercise intensity was ensured by measuring heart rate (bpm), speed (GPS) and venous lactate. Pharyngeal diameter was expressed as pharyngeal‐epiglottis (PE) ratios and laryngeal abduction accordingly as laryngeal‐median‐ratios. Data were analysed using multivariable repeated‐measurements ANOVA.

Results

The PE ratio increased significantly from 1.11 ± 0.19 to 1.28 ± 0.30 in all horses between rest and full‐intensity exercise (p < 0.01). Multi‐variable analysis revealed that this effect decreased significantly by the application of tongue ties (1.15 ± 0.27,p < 0.01). Tongue ties did not influence maximum laryngeal width (p = 0.09) and area (p = 0.2) significantly. DDSP was found in 4 of 30 examinations with tongue tie and in 1 of 30 examinations without tongue tie.

Main limitations

The study population was not randomly chosen and was heterogeneous. Few horses had a respiratory noise and the prevalence of upper respiratory tract disorders was too low for statistical comparison of the rate of DDSP with and without tongue ties.

Conclusions

A positive effect of tongue ties on pharyngeal or laryngeal diameters was not found in this study. Therefore, the results of this study do not support the use of tongue ties to enhance upper airway function.
Local groundwater decline exacerbates response of dryland riparian woodlands to climatic drought
Authors: Williams Jared , Stella John C. , Voelker Steven L. , Lambert Adam M. , Pelletier Lissa M. , Drake John E. , Friedman Jonathan M. , Roberts Dar A. , Singer Michael Bliss
Published: August 2022

Dryland riparian woodlands are considered to be locally buffered from droughts by shallow and stable groundwater levels. However, climate change is causing more frequent and severe drought events, accompanied by warmer temperatures, collectively threatening the persistence of these groundwater dependent ecosystems through a combination of increasing evaporative demand and decreasing groundwater supply. We conducted a dendro‐isotopic analysis of radial growth and seasonal (semi‐annual) carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) to investigate the response of riparian cottonwood stands to the unprecedented California‐wide drought from 2012 to 2019, along the largest remaining free‐flowing river in Southern California. Our goals were to identify principal drivers and indicators of drought stress for dryland riparian woodlands, determine their thresholds of tolerance to hydroclimatic stressors, and ultimately assess their vulnerability to climate change. Riparian trees were highly responsive to drought conditions along the river, exhibiting suppressed growth and strong stomatal closure (inferred from reduced Δ13C) during peak drought years. However, patterns of radial growth and Δ13C were quite variable among sites that differed in climatic conditions and rate of groundwater decline. We show that the rate of groundwater decline, as opposed to climate factors, was the primary driver of site differences in drought stress, and trees showed greater sensitivity to temperature at sites subjected to faster groundwater decline. Across sites, higher correlation between radial growth and Δ13C for individual trees, and higher inter‐correlation of Δ13C among trees were indicative of greater drought stress. Trees showed a threshold of tolerance to groundwater decline at 0.5 m year−1 beyond which drought stress became increasingly evident and severe. For sites that exceeded this threshold, peak physiological stress occurred when total groundwater recession exceeded ~3 m. These findings indicate that drought‐induced groundwater decline associated with more extreme droughts is a primary threat to dryland riparian woodlands and increases their susceptibility to projected warmer temperatures.
Danced movement in human geographic research: A methodological discussion
Authors: Baker Gabriel , Kindon Sara , Beausoleil Emily
Published: August 2022

As central as bodily movement might be to geographic research, its potential as methodology is only beginning to be explored within the discipline. This paper contributes to this emerging scholarship by reviewing recent work from human geography and allied disciplines which acknowledges the importance of embodied knowledges and engages movement‐based methodologies to surface and interrogate them. In this paper we address the relative lack of attention to, and exploration of, danced movement as methodology in human geography. Drawing on a variety of scholarship we argue that danced movement is of interest to current epistemological standpoints within geography, with potential to enrich existing embodied and mobile methodological approaches, as well as serve as distinct methodology in itself, with several promising applications in geographic research already clear.
Why efforts to fight corruption can undermine the social contract: Lessons from a survey experiment in Nigeria
Authors: Cheeseman Nic , Peiffer Caryn
Published: August 2022

Anticorruption awareness raising efforts are designed to encourage citizens to resist and report corruption but have been found to either not work or have unwanted effects—including increasing bribe payment. This article represents the first test of whether these efforts also undermine critical aspects of a society's social contract, namely, willingness to pay tax. Using a household level survey experiment in Lagos, Nigeria, we assess whether exposure to five messages about (anti)corruption influence citizens' belief that they have a duty to pay taxes, or “tax morale”. Though they were different in tone and content, four of the five messages undermined tax morale. We argue that this is likely because anti‐corruption messages raise awareness of corruption risks, and hence concerns that taxes will be wasted. In turn, this highlights a new potential unintended and unwanted consequence of policy interventions that focus on raising awareness of government failings.
N‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenethyl)‐6‐methyl‐2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐1H‐carbazol‐1‐amine inhibits bladder cancer progression by suppressing YAP1/TAZ
Authors: Shiraishi Yusuke , Maehama Tomohiko , Nishio Miki , Otani Junji , Hikasa Hiroki , Mak Tak Wah , Sasaki Takehiko , Honma Teruki , Kondoh Yasumitsu , Osada Hiroyuki , Yoshida Minoru , Fujisawa Masato , Suzuki Akira
Published: August 2022

Bladder cancer (BlC) is the fourth most common cancer in males worldwide, but few systemic chemotherapy options for its effective treatment exist. The development of new molecularly‐targeted agents against BlC is therefore an urgent issue. The Hippo signaling pathway, with its upstream LATS kinases and downstream transcriptional co‐activators YAP1 and TAZ, plays a pivotal role in diverse cell functions, including cell proliferation. Recent studies have shown that overexpression of YAP1 occurs in advanced BlCs and is associated with poor patient prognosis. Accessing data from our previous screening of a chemical library of compounds targeting the Hippo pathway, we identified DMPCA (N‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenethyl)‐6‐methyl‐2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐1H‐carbazol‐1‐amine) as an agent able to induce the phosphorylation of LATS1 and YAP1/TAZ in BlC cells, thereby suppressing their viability both in vitro and in mouse xenografts. Our data indicate that DMPCA has a potent anti‐tumor effect, and raise the possibility that this agent may represent a new and effective therapeutic option for BlC.
In‐Well Degassing of Monitoring Wells Completed in Gas‐Charged Aquifers
Authors: Morais Tiago A. , Ryan M. Cathryn
Published: August 2022

Total dissolved gas pressure (PTDG) measurements are useful to measure accurate in situ dissolved gas concentrations in groundwater, but challenged by in‐well degassing. Although in‐well degassing has been widely observed, its cause(s) are not clear. We investigated the mechanism(s) by which gas‐charged groundwater in a recently pumped well becomes degassed. Vertical PTDG and dissolved gas concentration profiles were monitored in the standing water column (SWC) of a groundwater well screened in a gas‐charged aquifer for 7 days before and 15 days after pumping. Prior to pumping, PTDG values remained relatively constant and below calculated bubbling pressure (PBUB) at all depths. In contrast, significant increases in PTDG were observed at all depths after pumping was initiated, as fresh groundwater with elevated in situ PTDG values was pumped through the well screen. After pumping ceased, PTDG values decreased to below PBUB at all depths over the 15‐day post‐pumping period, indicating well degassing was active over this time frame. Vertical profiles of estimated dissolved gas concentrations before and after pumping provided insight into the mechanism(s) by which in‐well degassing occurred in the SWC. During both monitoring periods, downward mixing of dominant atmospheric and/or tracer gases, and upwards mixing of dominant groundwater gases were observed in the SWC. The key mechanisms responsible for in‐well degassing were (i) bubble exsolution when PTDG exceeded PBUB as gas‐charged well water moves upwards in the SWC during recovery (i.e., hydraulic gradient driven convection), (ii) microadvection caused by the upward migration of bubbles under buoyancy, and (iii) long‐term, thermally driven vertical convection.
Effects of antimicrobial mouthwashes on the human oral microbiome: Systematic review of controlled clinical trials
Authors: do Amaral Guilherme Castro Lima Silva , Hassan Mohamed Ahmed , Sloniak Mariane Cristina , Pannuti Cláudio Mendes , Romito Giuseppe A. , Villar Cristina Cunha
Published: August 2022

Objectives

This review aimed to assess the impact of mouthwashes on the composition of the human oral microbiome.

Method

An electronic search algorithm was adapted to MEDLINE‐PubMed, Scopus, Embase and ISI Web of Science, and reference lists of relevant sources were manually searched. Inclusion criteria were controlled clinical trials published in English whose population were adult individuals who rinse with antimicrobial mouthwashes and that analysed changes in the oral microbiome by metataxonomy, metagenomics or phylogenetic microarray. Identified studies were screened and assessed following the PRISMA guidelines, and results were compiled into qualitative synthesis of the evidence.

Results

Five controlled clinical studies were included. These studies found associations between the daily use of mouthwashes and changes in the oral microbiome, but the nature of the effect varied according to the mouthwash. Chlorhexidine (CHX) rinses lowered microbial diversity. While 7‐day use of CHX led to increases in the abundance of Neisseria, Streptococcus and Granulicatella and a decrease in the abundance of Actinomyces, its prolonged use led to widespread reductions in several genera and species. Cetylpyridinium chloride‐containing mouthwashes specifically lowered the abundance of gingivitis‐associated genera. In contrast, N‐acetyl cysteine‐based mouthwashes did not promote changes in the oral microbiome.

Conclusions

Despite substantial heterogeneity, we found evidence to support the hypothesis that CHX and CPC mouthwashes promote changes in oral microbial structure and/or reductions in community diversity that favour the resolution of dysbiosis. However, future large population‐based studies of adequate duration are needed to fully understand the extent to which antimicrobial mouthwashes modulate the microbiome.
Consistency matters: The interaction effect of grooming and dress style on hirability
Authors: Wang Haizhen , Zhang Ruoyong , Ding Lin , Mei Xiaofeng
Published: August 2022

Grooming and dress style have both been found to influence the probability of a job applicant being hired. We argue that as these two elements take effect simultaneously during a job application, it is necessary to simultaneously examine the interaction of these two elements of appearance. Based on cue consistency theory, we propose that grooming and a gender‐inconsistent dress style weaken the effects of each other, especially when the evaluators are men. We used three samples to progressively test our hypotheses. With Sample 1 (n = 142), we found that masculine dress weakened the positive effect of grooming on the hirability of female applicants. Furthermore, the interaction effect of grooming and dress style was stronger for male than for female evaluators. With Sample 2 (n = 152), we found that perceived competence mediated the two‐way interaction effect of grooming and dress style on hirability. We used Sample 3 (n = 155) to further examine whether these findings could be generalized to male applicants and found that the interaction effect of grooming and masculine dress was stronger for male than for female evaluators.
Long‐term outcomes of Blocksom vesicostomy for elderly patients with chronic urinary retention
Authors: Tobu Shohei , Noguchi Mitsuru
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To report on the long‐term outcomes of vesicostomy in elderly patients with chronic urinary retention.

Materials and methods

We conducted a study of 16 elderly patients with chronic urinary retention who underwent Blocksom vesicostomy between April 2010 and March 2021. Postoperative follow‐up was conducted every 3 months to check for abnormal findings, such as stoma outlet obstruction, infection, bleeding, bladder prolapse, and bladder stones. The incidence of these findings and the time until they occurred, as well as the rate of achieving a catheter‐free status and the time until catheter reinsertion, were then calculated using the Kaplan–Meier curve.

Results

The mean age (±standard deviation) of patients whose cases were observed was 78.6 (±7.8) years; the oldest patient was 87 years of age. The study population included 14 male patients and 2 female patients, with a higher number of males. The causes of urinary retention included neurogenic bladder in 12 patients (including patients with 3 spinal cord injury), advanced prostate cancer in 2 patients, and iatrogenic urethral stricture in 2 patients. The average follow‐up period was 55.7 months. During follow‐up, 14 patients (87.5% of the total) achieved a catheter‐free status under conditions that required no additional treatment. Complications were observed in 6 cases (37.5%); among them, two cases required reoperation. All complications were observed within 2 years after surgery.

Conclusion

Blocksom vesicostomy may become a viable option in the treatment of elderly patients with chronic urinary retention whose symptoms do not improve with medical therapy.
An efficient implementation of a VNS heuristic for the weighted fair sequences problem
Authors: Rocha Caroline , Pessoa Bruno J.S. , Aloise Daniel , Cabral Lucidio A.
Published: August 2022

In the weighted fair sequences problem (WFSP), one aims to schedule a set of tasks or activities sthat the maximum product between the largest temporal distance between two consecutive executions of a task and its priority is minimized. The WFSP covers a large number of applications in different areas, ranging from automobile production on a mixed‐model assembly line to the sequencing of interactive applications to be aired in a digital TV environment. This paper proposes an iterative heuristic method for the WFSP centered on an efficient implementation of a variable neighborhood search heuristic. Computational experiments on benchmark instances show that the proposed metaheuristic outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art method proposed to the problem, obtaining comparable solution values in much less computational time.
Dynamic body acceleration improves mapping of at‐sea foraging behavior in black‐tailed gulls Larus crassirostris
Authors: Ma Rui , Kazama Kentaro , Yasutake Yogi C. , Kazama Mami T. , Tsukamoto Shota , Watanuki Yutaka
Published: August 2022

Areas at which seabirds forage intensively can be discriminated by tracking the individuals' at‐sea movements. However, such tracking data may not accurately reflect the birds' exact foraging locations. In addition to tracking data, gathering information on the dynamic body acceleration of individual birds may refine inferences on their foraging activity. Our aim was to classify the foraging behaviors of surface‐feeding seabirds using data on their body acceleration and use this signal to discriminate areas where they forage intensively. Accordingly, we recorded the foraging movements and body acceleration data from seven and ten black‐tailed gulls Larus crassirostris in 2017 and 2018, respectively, using GPS loggers and accelerometers. By referring to video footage of flying and foraging individuals, we were able to classify flying (flapping flight, gliding and hovering), foraging (surface plunging, hop plunging and swimming) and maintenance (drifting, preening, etc.) behaviors using the speed, body angle and cycle and amplitude of body acceleration of the birds. Foraging areas determined from acceleration data corresponded roughly with sections of low speed and area‐restricted searching (ARS) identified from the GPS tracks. However, this study suggests that the occurrence of foraging behaviors may be overestimated based on low‐speed trip sections, because birds may exhibit long periods of reduced movement devoted to maintenance. Opposite, the ARS‐based approach may underestimate foraging behaviors since birds can forage without conducting an ARS. Therefore, our results show that the combined use of accelerometers and GPS tracking helps to adequately determine the important foraging areas of black‐tailed gulls. Our approach may contribute to better discriminate ecologically or biologically significant areas in marine environments.
Implication of the order of blending and tuning when computing the genomic relationship matrix in single‐step GBLUP
Authors: McWhorter Taylor M. , Bermann Matias , Garcia Andre L. S. , Legarra Andrés , Aguilar Ignacio , Misztal Ignacy , Lourenco Daniela
Published: August 2022

Single‐step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) relies on the combination of the genomic () and pedigree relationship matrices for all () and genotyped () animals. The procedure ensures and are compatible so that both matrices refer to the same genetic base (‘tuning’). Then is combined with a proportion of (‘blending’) to avoid singularity problems and to account for the polygenic component not accounted for by markers. This computational procedure has been implemented in the reverse order (blending before tuning) following the sequential research developments. However, blending before tuning may result in less optimal tuning because the blended matrix already contains a proportion of . In this study, the impact of ‘tuning before blending’ was compared with ‘blending before tuning’ on genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects and indirect predictions (IP) from ssGBLUP using American Angus Association and Holstein Association USA, Inc. data. Two slightly different tuning methods were used; one that adjusts the mean diagonals and off‐diagonals of to be similar to those in and another one that adjusts based on the average difference between all elements of and . Over 6 million Angus growth records and 5.9 million Holstein udder depth records were available. Genomic information was available on 51,478 Angus and 105,116 Holstein animals. Average realized relationship estimates among groups of animals were similar across scenarios. Scatterplots show that GEBV, SNP effects and IP did not noticeably change for all animals in the evaluation regardless of the order of computations and when using blending parameter of 0.05. Formulas were derived to determine the blending parameter that maximizes changes in the genomic relationship matrix and GEBV when changing the order of blending and tuning. Algebraically, the change is maximized when the blending parameter is equal to 0.5. Overall, tuning before blending, regardless of blending parameter used, had a negligible impact on genomic predictions and SNP effects in this study.
Upregulation of REG IV gene in human intestinal epithelial cells by lipopolysaccharide via downregulation of microRNA‐24
Authors: Takasawa Shin , Tsuchida Chikatsugu , Sakuramoto‐Tsuchida Sumiyo , Uchiyama Tomoko , Makino Mai , Yamauchi Akiyo , Itaya‐Hironaka Asako
Published: August 2022

The pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) reflects a balance between mucosal injury and reparative mechanisms. Some regenerating gene (Reg) family members (REG Iα, REG Iβ and REG IV) are expressed in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and involved as proliferative mucosal factors in IBD. We revealed that REG Iα and REG Iβ were induced in cell culture system by IL‐6/IL‐22. Although REG IV was upregulated in IBD biopsy samples, the upregulation of REG IV was not at all induced in cell culture by autoimmune‐related cytokines such as IL‐6, IL‐22 and TNFα. Here, we analysed REG IV expression in LS‐174 T and HT‐29 human intestinal epithelial cells by real‐time RT–PCR and elisa. REG IV expression was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, LPS did not activate REG IV promoter activity. As the LPS‐induced upregulation of REG IV was considered to be regulated post‐transcriptionally, we searched targeted microRNA (miR), which revealed that REG IV mRNA has a potential target sequence for miR‐24. We measured the miR‐24 level of LPS‐treated cells and found that the level was significantly lower. The LPS‐induced increase of REG IV mRNA was abolished by the introduction of miR‐24 mimic but not by non‐specific control RNA.
p53 as a unique target of action of cisplatin in acute leukaemia cells
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Tchounwou Paul B.
Published: August 2022

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) occurs in approximately 10% of acute myeloid leukaemia patients. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been for APL chemotherapy, but recently several ATO‐resistant cases have been reported worldwide. Cisplatin (CDDP) enhances the toxicity of ATO in ovarian, lung cancer, chronic myelogenous leukaemia, and HL‐60 cells. Hence, the goal of this study was to investigate a novel target of CDDP action in APL cells, as an alternate option for the treatment of ATO‐resistant APL patients. We applied biochemical, molecular, confocal microscopy and advanced gene editing (CRISPR‐Cas9) techniques to elucidate the novel target of CDDP action and its functional mechanism in APL cells. Our main findings revealed that CDDP activated p53 in APL cells through stress signals catalysed by ATM and ATR protein kinases, CHK1 and CHK2 phosphorylation at Ser 345 and Thr68 residues, and downregulation and dissociation of MDM2‐DAXX‐HAUSP complex. Our functional studies confirmed that CDDP‐induced repression of MDM2‐DAXX‐HAUSP complex was significantly reversed in both nutilin‐3‐treated KG1a and p53‐knockdown NB4 cells. Our findings also showed that CDDP stimulated an increased number of promyelocytes with dense granules, activated p53 expression, and downregulated MDM2 in liver and bone marrow of APL mice. Principal conclusion of our study highlights a novel mode of action of CDDP targeting p53 expression which may provide a basis for designing new anti‐leukaemic compounds for treatment of APL patients.
Effect of sub‐marginal instrumentation before surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis: A multi‐centre randomized clinical trial
Authors: Romandini Mario , Laforí Andreina , Pedrinaci Ignacio , Baima Giacomo , Ferrarotti Francesco , Lima Cristina , Paternó Holtzman Lucrezia , Aimetti Mario , Cordaro Luca , Sanz Mariano
Published: August 2022

Aim

The present multi‐centre randomized clinical trial with 12 months of follow‐up aimed at studying the added effect of sub‐marginal instrumentation before surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis.

Materials and Methods

Forty‐two patients diagnosed with peri‐implantitis were recruited. After a behavioural intervention phase including oral hygiene instructions, patients were randomized to either receiving supra‐ and sub‐marginal instrumentation on their affected implants (control group: 21 patients and 29 implants) or only supra‐marginal instrumentation (test group: 21 patients and 24 implants), before undergoing surgery. Changes in the deepest probing pocket depth (PPD) with respect to baseline and a composite outcome of treatment success (no implant loss, no bone loss > 0.5 mm, no bleeding or suppuration on probing [BoP/SoP], and PPD ≤ 5 mm) at the 12‐month examination were regarded as the primary outcomes of the trial.

Results

At the 12‐month examination, changes in the deepest PPD with respect to baseline amounted to −2.96 mm in the control group and to −3.11 mm in the test one (MD = −0.16; SE = 0.56; p = .769), while 21.4% of the implants in the control group and 33.3% in the test group presented treatment success (OR = 1.83; SE = 1.15; p = .338). With the exception of a longer non‐surgical treatment duration in the control group (differences in  = −14.29 min; SE = 2.91; p < .001), no other secondary (e.g., soft‐tissue recession, keratinized mucosa height, and bone level changes, as well as BoP, SoP, profuse bleeding and implant loss rates) or exploratory (i.e., early wound healing, aesthetics, surgical and total treatment duration, surgery difficulty, intra‐operative bleeding, and adverse events) outcome demonstrated statistically significant differences between groups.

Conclusions

The present multi‐centre randomized clinical trial did not demonstrate an added effect of performing sub‐marginal instrumentation 6 weeks before the surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis. Larger clinical trials are however needed to confirm the present findings (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03620331).
Probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry‐based rapid diagnosis of liver tumors
Authors: Hakoda Hiroyuki , Kiritani Sho , Kokudo Takashi , Yoshimura Kentaro , Iwano Tomohiko , Tanimoto Meguri , Ishizawa Takeaki , Arita Junichi , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Kaneko Junichi , Takeda Sen , Hasegawa Kiyoshi
Published: August 2022

Background and Aim

Prompt differential diagnosis of liver tumors is clinically important and sometimes difficult. A new diagnostic device that combines probe electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (PESI‐MS) and machine learning may help provide the differential diagnosis of liver tumors.

Methods

We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of this new PESI‐MS device using tissues obtained and stored from previous surgically resected specimens. The following cancer tissues (with collection dates): hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, 2016–2019), intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC, 2014–2019), and colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM, 2014–2019) from patients who underwent hepatic resection were considered for use in this study. Non‐cancerous liver tissues (NL) taken from CRLM cases were also incorporated into the analysis. Each mass spectrum provided by PESI‐MS was tested using support vector machine, a type of machine learning, to evaluate the discriminatory ability of the device.

Results

In this study, we used samples from 91 of 139 patients with HCC, all 24 ICC samples, and 103 of 202 CRLM samples; 80 NL from CRLM cases were also used. Each mass spectrum was obtained by PESI‐MS in a few minutes and was evaluated by machine learning. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the PESI‐MS device for discriminating HCC, ICC, and CRLM from among a mix of all three tumors and from NL were 98.9%, 98.1%, and 98.3%; 87.5%, 93.1%, and 92.6%; and 99.0%, 97.9%, and 98.3%, respectively.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that PESI‐MS and machine learning could discriminate liver tumors accurately and rapidly.
Liquid vitamin E injection for cosmetic facial rejuvenation: A disaster report of lipogranuloma
Authors: Abtahi‐Naeini Bahareh , Rastegarnasab Fereshte , Saffaei Ali
Published: August 2022

Background

The use of vitamin E for Facial rejuvenation is a dangerous practice and is associated with potential local, and sometimes systemic and life‐threatening complications. Clinicians should be aware of complications induced by the injection of illegal products for tissue augmentation. Also, regulatory organizations should monitor illegal beauty centers and enact restrictive laws.

Case Presentation

Herein, we report a case of liquid vitamin E injection for cosmetic facial rejuvenation and development of facial persistent erythema and induration, treated with oral prednisolone, azathioprine, and minocycline. Also, we review the reported cases of vitamin E injection for cosmetic facial rejuvenation.

Conclusion

Lipogranuloma is one of those complications of vitamin E injection for cosmetic rejuvenation. It mostly represents inflammation, edema, erythema, and tenderness. Since there was no standard treatment for this complication, the management of these patients is challenging. Patients who have undergone cosmetic interventions in illegal institutions are more likely to develop such complications including medical and psychological problems. Clinicians should be aware of these complications for the best diagnosis and treatment.
Natural results of scalp micropigmentation: A review
Authors: Park Jae Hyun , Ho Yeh Hong , Manonukul Kotchamol
Published: August 2022

Background

Scalp micropigmentation has developed rapidly in recent years to the extent that it is now considered a major means of hair loss treatment along with medication and hair transplantation.

Aims

To deliver correct information in terms of patients' curiosity regarding scalp micropigmentation and the most frequent complaints that doctors receive as well as to rectify misinformation.

Methods

A review of the literature was performed, and information is herein presented on various scalp micropigmentation procedures, the authors' experiences in this area, and special tips to achieve a natural result.

Results

The fundamental knowledge and proper techniques described in this article can aid in achieving more successful scalp micropigmentation results.

Conclusion

Scalp micropigmentation is a widely used technique to camouflage various scalp scars and alopecia; therefore, it is important to be aware of the principles and skills necessary to achieve a natural result.
Lung perfusion disturbances in nonhospitalized post‐COVID with dyspnea—A magnetic resonance imaging feasibility study
Authors: Yu Jimmy Z. , Granberg Tobias , Shams Roya , Petersson Sven , Sköld Magnus , Nyrén Sven , Lundberg Johan
Published: August 2022

Background

Dyspnea is common after COVID‐19. Though the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, lung perfusion abnormalities could contribute to lingering dyspnea.

Objectives

To detect pulmonary perfusion disturbances in nonhospitalized individuals with the post‐COVID condition and persistent dyspnea 4–13 months after the disease onset.

Methods

Individuals with dyspnea and matched healthy controls were recruited for dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI), a 6‐min walk test, and an assessment of dyspnea. The DCE‐MRI was quantified using two parametric values: mean time to peak (TTP) and TTP ratio, reflecting the total lung perfusion resistance and the fraction of lung with delayed perfusion, respectively.

Results

Twenty‐eight persons with persistent dyspnea (mean age 46.5 ± 8.0 years, 75% women) and 22 controls (mean age 44.1 ± 10.8 years, 73% women) were included. There was no systematic sex difference in dyspnea. The post‐COVID group had no focal perfusion deficits but had higher mean pulmonary TTP (0.43 ± 0.04 vs. 0.41 ± 0.03, p = 0.011) and TTP ratio (0.096 ± 0.052 vs. 0.068 ± 0.027, p = 0.032). Post‐COVID males had the highest mean TTP of 0.47 ± 0.02 and TTP ratio of 0.160 ± 0.039 compared to male controls and post‐COVID females (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Correlations between dyspnea and perfusion parameters were demonstrated in males (r = 0.83, p < 0.001 for mean TTP; r = 0.76, p = 0.003 for TTP ratio), but not in females.

Conclusions

DCE‐MRI demonstrated late contrast bolus arrival in males with post‐COVID dyspnea, suggestive of primary vascular lesions or secondary effects of hypoxic vasoconstriction. Since this effect was not regularly observed in female patients, our findings suggest sex differences in the mechanisms underlying post‐COVID dyspnea, which warrants further investigation in dedicated trials.
Recording jaw relation of a pediatric patient with ectodermal dysplasia and complete anodontia using a digital mini arch tracer: A case report
Authors: Sun Manlin , Tan Xin , Zhang Na , Lou Yuxin , Wu Qin , Yu Haiyang
Published: August 2022

Children with ectodermal dysplasia and complete anodontia experience difficulties in oral rehabilitation because of the small arch size. A case of a 7‐year‐old boy, whose arch size (length and width) was 30‐40% smaller than that of a male adult and who presented with difficulties in jaw relation recording using commercially available devices is described. A digital workflow involving a mini arch tracer was introduced. Primary impressions were made using three‐dimensionally (3D) printed mini trays produced based on the patient's computed tomography images, and digital primary casts were obtained based on the scanned and reversed primary impressions. The final custom impression trays with mini tracing plates were designed based on the primary casts. In addition, the hand shank, retention plate, and retainers were placed on the designed custom trays and 3D‐printed to produce an individual arch tracer system. In addition, two height‐checking buckles were designed to help adjust the height of a tracing screw. Finally, the jaw relation of the patient was recorded and transferred, and a set of complete dentures were delivered, satisfying both the patient and his family.
Considerations for Future Research on Racial Learning Processes and White Youth
Authors: Hagerman Margaret A.
Published: August 2022

Studying white racial learning processes responsibly, accurately, and effectively requires scholars to build on existing empirical and theoretical work on race, racism, and whiteness across disciplines; embrace creative youth‐centered qualitative methods; and remain focused on the larger purpose of this work—dismantling systems of racism and oppression. This comment explores these themes in relation to the special issue on whiteness and adolescence.
“A lot of them write how they speak”: policy, pedagogy and the policing of ‘nonstandard’ English
Authors: Snell Julia , Cushing Ian
Published: August 2022

International studies of talk‐intensive (or ‘dialogic’) pedagogies have demonstrated that children who experience academically challenging classroom discussion (‘dialogue’) make greater progress than their peers who have not had this experience. In England, gains in achievement have been greatest for pupils from less privileged socio‐economic backgrounds, thus underlining the importance of dialogue to social mobility. However, policy prescriptions on ‘standard English’ run counter to the principles of dialogic teaching by privileging ‘correct’ forms of expression over emerging ideas. In this article, we argue that schools can be coerced by macro‐level policy into creating meso‐level policies which police nonstandardised forms in the classroom with the assumption that this will improve literacy rates. We draw upon a corpus of Ofsted reports as well as data collected in primary schools – pupil writing and focus groups, video‐recorded literacy lessons and teacher interviews – to demonstrate that features of spoken dialect grammar occur infrequently in pupil writing, yet the narrative that spoken dialect is a ‘problem’ within education is driving policy/practice that is detrimental to classroom talk and pupil learning. We argue that this must be addressed urgently if we are to exploit the full potential of talk for learning and for addressing educational inequities.