bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supporting Democracy through Content-Neutral Social Media Policies
Authors: Quarles Christopher L.
Published: March 2023

The internet and social media carry vast amounts of new information every second. To make these flows manageable, platforms engage in content moderation, using algorithms and humans to decide which content to recommend and which to remove. These decisions have profound effects on our elections, democratic debate, and human well-being. The U.S. government cannot directly regulate these decisions due to the scale of the content and the First Amendment. Rather than focusing exclusively on whether or what content gets moderated, policy-makers should focus on ensuring that incentives and processes create an information infrastructure that can support a robust democracy. These policies are most likely to be content-neutral. Three content-neutral mechanisms are promising targets for policy: process, transparency, and de-amplification.
Workshop on Research Assessment Practices in Indian Funding Agencies
Authors: Suchiradipta Bhattacharjee , Koley Moumita , Bharadwa Jahnab
Published: March 2023

Major funding agencies in India mainly determine the national research agenda. They remain essential stakeholders in research assessment and fund a significant number of projects across the nation. The Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India convened a workshop on April 21, 2022 to understand how the funding agencies assess research projects, where these agencies stand in addressing the inherent challenges of evaluating impactful research, and how to ensure a responsible research culture. The workshop had two objectives: to understand the current research assessment practices of India’s funding agencies and to explore the adoption of broad-based assessment criteria beyond journal-based matrices, incorporating national priorities, Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) targets, and the societal impact of research into the research assessment frameworks. This report discusses the workshop's objective and structure, each component of the workshop and its intended outcomes, and policy recommendations for funding agencies in the research ecosystem.

The intended audiences for this report are funding agencies, constituents of national and state universities, internal funding committees, and those who want to acquire a broader perspective on existing research assessment practices, look beyond the quantitative journal indicator-based metrics and make existing assessment practices more effective and inclusive. This report aims to assist in developing research assessment agendas that balance local relevance and globalization.
Protection of Dark-Sky Areas in the United States Through Development and Implementation of Warm-Light LED Fixtures
Authors: Willis Jacob P.
Published: March 2023

The light-emitting-diode (LED) revolution has drastically decreased the quality of the United States’ night sky. LEDs are brighter than the sodium doublet lighting fixtures they are replacing, causing an increase in light pollution. Emerging technology promises to replace high-color-temperature LED lighting with lower-color-temperature lighting that reduces light pollution. High-color-temperature, or “cool-lighting” causes unnecessary amounts of light pollution that decreases humanity's connection with the cosmos through stargazing. Policy implementations can increase public awareness of how LEDs affect light pollution through research grants and tax incentive structures. The federal government can directly decrease the United States’ luminous footprint by funding research on warm-light LED development , regulating LED lighting on federal projects to only use low-color-temperature LED fixtures and offering incentives to communities to reduce their light pollution through the tax code.
Les atteintes populistes aux droits fondamentaux et aux libertés publiques
Authors: Moine André
Published: March 2023

Pour les dirigeants populistes, les droits et libertés « universels » sont des obstacles potentiels aux aspirations « nationales ». Certaines dispositions constitutionnelles et internationales protectrices des droits et libertés sont ainsi considérées comme les éléments d’un carcan qui limite, de façon illégitime, la volonté des peuples et de leurs mandataires. La contestation par les « gouvernements populistes » du nécessaire respect par le législateur des droits et libertés constitutionnalisés, de la prévalence des normes internationales protectrices des droits humains sur les normes internes ou de la garantie des libertés publiques assurée par des juges internes ou internationaux concrétise le rejet de l’équilibre généralement retenu dans les « démocraties libérales ». Les dirigeants populistes œuvrent dès lors à supprimer les normes libérales contraignantes ou à circonscrire les institutions, notamment juridictionnelles. Parallèlement, ils portent effectivement atteinte à de nombreux droits et libertés. La volonté de la majorité élue ne souffrant pas, selon eux, de limite, celle-ci peut porter atteinte aux droits de ceux qui ne lui appartiennent pas en menant des politiques qui rejettent expressément certaines libertés considérées – jusqu’alors comme fondamentales. De plus, en vue d’un maintien au pouvoir, le suffrage universel est, dans ces régimes populistes, couplé avec des atteintes aux droits et libertés publiques, notamment celles qui permettent l’expression éclairée du vote. Des manipulations électorales plus ou moins ostensibles concourent à fausser les scrutins. La démocratie dite « illibérale » tend donc à devenir, en pratique, une « non-démocratie non-libérale ».
Numérique, éthique et GAFAM sont-ils compatibles dans les pratiques professionnelles en travail social ?
Authors: Quilliou-Rioual Morgane
Published: March 2023

Nous entendons chaque jour parler de cyberattaques, d’économie de l’attention, de GAFAM, n’est-il pas le temps pour nos secteurs de s’interroger sur ces sujets ? Le numérique et ses outils font partis de nos environnements de travail. Nous les utilisons sans en questionner les usages et les conséquences sur les publics accompagnés. Cette contribution amène une réflexion autour de ces enjeux en faisant le lien entre éthique et numérique.
La poétique de la marge intérieure
Authors: Richaud Ludivine
Published: March 2023

Dans la clinique de l’exclusion, comment peut se soutenir la pratique sans entériner les mêmes impasses que celles qui confinent les sujets à s’exclure, pris dans le carcan de marginalité que leur renvoie la société ? Explorer la marge intérieure par la déconstruction des automatismes qui inféodent le travail au résultat, n’est-ce pas susciter et faire tenir un désir à l’endroit du singulier ?
Dynamics of life expectancy change during the transition to democracy in the ex-Yugoslav countries
Authors: Spasenoska Dijana
Published: March 2023

The break-up of Yugoslavia led to political turmoil, accompanied by socio-economic changes, wars and civil unrest. Health as a social phenomenon is directly and indirectly affected by such changes. The objective of this paper is to give an overview of the changes in life expectancy, as a measure of population health, during times of crisis and large societal changes. The dynamics of change of life expectancy in the different Balkan countries are analysed by calculating the contributions of age and cause specific mortality to the observed changes of life expectancy.An original dataset of life-tables is used to calculate life expectancy, created based on mortality data from national civil registers from the 6 ex-Yugoslav republics, assessed for accuracy and completeness. Arriaga’s method is used to decompose the contributions of age groups and causes of death to the observed changes in life expectancy during three time periods: Socialist Federation (1975-1985), Transition (1988-2000), Independence (2007-2017). Large improvements in life expectancy at birth are noted in all countries, although there is heterogeneity in the dynamics of change. During the Socialist Federation period, life expectancy increased consistently across countries mainly due to reductions in infant and child mortality, as well as reduction in infectious diseases mortality. During the Transition there was a divergence of trends and some countries noted continuous increase in life expectancy, contrasting the decrease in life expectancy in Serbia and Montenegro. In all countries life expectancy increased during the Independence period, due to a reduction in mortality from non-communicable diseases among the older population.The findings of this study are important not only because they create an understanding of changes in population health during a period of crisis, but also because they provide accurate estimates of life-expectancy and dynamics of mortality change, allowing for further analysis on the social determinants of health.
الاستثناء من النكرات وأثره على العموم
Authors: د.سلطان بن حمود العمري د.سلطان بن حمود العمري
Published: March 2023

هذا البحث يتعلق بمسألة لغوية اصولية
التباين الزماني والمكاني لمستويات الراحة الحرارية في المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: محسن بن جمهور العتيبي محسن بن جمهور العتيبي
Published: March 2023

تم في هذه الدراسة تحليل التباين الزماني والمكاني لمستويات الراحة الحرارية في المملكة العربية السعودية
تحدّيات التنمية الزراعية في ولاية السُويق - سلطنة عُمان دراسة ميدانية على عيّنة من المُزارعين
Authors: د. منتصر إبراهيم عبد الغني د. منتصر إبراهيم عبد الغني
Published: March 2023

تهدف الدراسة إلى تحليل المعوّقات والتحديات التي تواجه التنمية الزراعية في ولاية السويق بمحافظة شمال الباطنة – سلطنة عمان. بالإضافة إلى اقتراح حلول لمشكلات التنمية الزراعية، بناءً على رؤى المزارعين في الولاية. لتحقيق هذه الأهداف اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج التحليلي لتحليل البيانات المستمدة من التقارير، والتعدادات الزراعية والسكانية، والنشرات والدراسات السابقة المتعلّقة بموضوع البحث. واتباع المنهج التحليلي بالأسلوب الكمي والكيفي متمثلا في دراسة ميدانية بأربعة
PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF METHYLENE BLUE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING BASE MODIFIED TERMITE SOIL UNDER UV LIGHT IRRADIATION
Authors: Madaki L. A. , Ibrahim H. , Ekwumemgbo P. A. , Gimba C. E.
Published: March 2023

Photocatalysis is an effective treatment method for removal of toxic pollutants from industrial wastewaters. Sodium hydroxide was used to modified termite mound soil obtained from Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The soil was washed with deionized water and placed in an oven set at 60oC for 6 hrs before crushing with an aggregate impact crusher, sieved with 0.075 m mesh pore size. The sieved soil sample was tagged as unmodified-TMS (termite mound soil). The soil sample was modified using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at different concentrations (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % W/V). The modified and unmodified-TMS catalysts were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Electron diffractive X-ray (EDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), and Selected area electron diffraction (SAED), The photocatalytic activity of the unmodified-TMS, 5 % NaOH, 10 % TMS-NaOH, 15 % TMS-NaOH, and 20 % TMS-NaOH, were assessed by testing the degradation rate of Methylene Blue under ultraviolet light irradiation. The results indicated that the samples exhibited the best photocatalytic activity at optimum parameters of catalyst dosage 2.5 g /L. pH 9 and 125 mg/L concentration of MB this is evidenced by the highest methylene degradation rate of (74 %). The photocatalytic degradation of the Methylene blue dye was found to obey first-order kinetics.
UTILIZATION OF BOX-WILSON EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN MATRIX IN BIOGAS PRODUCTION: A RESPONSE SURFACE APPROACH.
Authors: Okwunodulu F. U. , Umoh A. E. , Ufearoh S. M.
Published: March 2023

Biogas is a renewable energy comprising mixture of gases produced from organic matter, mostly waste, by mixture of bacteria anaerobically using a digester as a bioreactor. It can be burnt to generate heat, electricity or be used as vehicle fuel. The residual (digestate) can be used as fertilizer. This study was carried out to optimize the temperature of the reactor and biogas yield from three independent variables (K=3) namely waste biomass (yam peel, potato peel, unripe plantain peel, watermelon waste, cabbage waste, bread fruit husk, melon husk and cow dung) as feed stock, pH and retention time designed according to Box-Wilson (1951) experimental design matrix. The three variables were varied, each into five equal spaced levels; feedstock volume (6, 8, 10, 12 and 14) litres; pH (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) and retention time (7, 14, 21, 28, 35) days. The feedstock was fermented inside locally fabricated biodigester for maximum of 35 days. A total of 21 experimental runs were generated and subjected to response surface data analysis using MINITAB (version 11.21). A Central Composite Rotatable Response Surface Design (CCRRSD) model was employed to study the linear, quadratic, and cross product effects of the three variables on the biogas yield and temperature of the reactor. Six-dimensional response surface contour figures were plotted to visualize the effects of process variables on the responses with MATLAB (version R2007b). Results revealed that at variable combinations of 10, 6 and 35 respectively for feedstock volume, pH and retention time, there was maximum biogas yield (4. 42 litres) at temperature (33oC i.e mesophilic temperature). Minimum values of biogas yield (0.95 litres) at temperature (28oC) were equally obtained at variable combinations of 10, 6, 7 respectively for volume of feedstock, pH and retention time. Regression coefficient and ANOVA analysis also revealed significant (P < 0.05) negative linear correlation of pH on the temperature of the reactor and positive correlation of retention time on temperature of the reactor quadratically. The three variables have positive linear and interactive effect on the volume of biogas yield with negative effect on the interaction of feedstock and pH. Coefficient of determination was given as 62.03% and 64.93% with R values of 0.79 and 0.81 for the temperature reactor and volume of the biogas obtained respectively hence the model gave good fit for such optimization.
THERMAL MODIFICATION OF NEW SORGHUM AND MILLET CULTIVARS: EFFECTS ON COMPOSITION, PROTEIN QUALITY AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF FLOURS
Authors: Bagirei S.Y. , Makeri M. U. , Badau M.H. , Idakwo P.
Published: March 2023

Driven by consumers’ need to limit gluten intake in their diets, the demand for gluten‐free products continues to grow in the foodservice industry. Two newly released sorghum and millet cultivars were thermally modified and their responses to the pre-gelatinization (PG) determined by evaluating their chemical compositions, amino acids profile and functional properties using standard procedures. Protein efficiency ratio, essential amino acid index, biological value, nutritional index and amino acid score were calculated from the amino acid profile. PG increased the total carbohydrate by 7% and 3.7% in sorghum and millet respectively. The millet showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher values of fat, carbohydrate and energy than did the sorghum, whereas the latter exhibited higher ash and protein content. PG significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the ash, fat and protein contents of both sorghum and millet flours. Of the essential amino acids (EAA) of the raw flours, millet exhibited significantly (P<0.05) higher values of histidine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine, with no significant difference in leucine and lysine between the two grains. While PG induced increase in all the EAA in sorghum except phenylalanine, millet showed decrease in histidine, lysine and threonine. PG increased the EAA millet in valine by 11% followed by isoleucine (8%), threonine (7.3%), methionine (4.4%), phenylalanine (4.3%) and leucine (2.6%). significant (p < 0.05) increase of 82% and 12% in isoleucine and threonine. The WAC of raw millet flour (192.2%) was significantly higher than that of sorghum flour (189.7%), but PG reduced the WAC of both sorghum and millet flours by 11.9% and 12.5%, respectively. Results from the study indicated that pregelatinized sorghum and millet flours are good replacement as source of gluten-free products to meet varied consumers choices and changing dietary habits.
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE STEM BARK OF Mitragyna inermis
Authors: Mukhtar M. , Muhammad H. , Garba A.
Published: March 2023

Mitragynainermis is a tree species in the Rubiaceae family that is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat malaria. The plant's extract was obtained by macerating the powdered leaves in methanol. The extracts of the stem of Mitragynainermis were investigated for phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, and acute toxicity. The results show the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, cardiac glycoside, anthraquinone, tannins, and saponins, and the extract was also found to be effective against the clinical isolates: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans. However, the extracts showed strong radical scavenging activity against DPPH for all three extracts. The LD50 of 158 mg/kg was calculated for the extracts, and the values were found to be within the practically slightly toxic range, so care should be taken when using the plants in traditional medicine healing.
EVALUATION OF LEVEL OF RANCIDITY OF EDIBLE OIL IN SOME FRIED SNACKS FOOD
Authors: Adelagun R. O. A. , Berezi E. P. , Fagbemi J. O. , Igbaro O. J. , Aihkoje F. E. , Ngana O. , Osondu G., , Garba M. S.
Published: March 2023

This work evaluated the level of rancidity of edible oil in six (6) fried snacks food, namely, beans cake (Akara), groundnut cake (Kuli-kuli), bread buns, fried fish, fried yam chips and fried potatoes chips, purchased from hawkers in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.. The rancidity indicators and their ranges in the samples obtained, include, Acid Value (4.10 – 6.90 mgKOH/g), Free Fatty Acid (2.05 – 3.45 mgKOH/g), Peroxide Value (12 – 46.60 mEq/kg), Moisture Content (4.00 – 44.30 %), Conductivity (0.14 – 1.58 µS/cm) and Viscosity (26.20 – 56.50 mm2/S). The results obtained suggested that the fried snacks foods contain hazardous secondary oxidative products, an implication that the oil in the food sample has become rancid and as such, unsafe for human consumption. The reason given for this is that the oil has been used for frying for too many times instead of the recommended two times. The values obtained in this study far exceeded the stipulated standard acceptable ranges given by WHO, FAO and INSO. It is therefore recommended that the public should be advised and educated that oil that has been used for frying twice should be discarded and not used again. Also, Policy makers and relevant authorities should develop a device for in-situ determination for checking of the quality of oil used for fried snacks food in restaurants without going to the laboratory.
ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE OF COMPOST EXTRACTS CONTAINING N,N,N',N'-TETRAMETHYLPHENYLENEDIAMINE (TMPD)
Authors: Elaigwu S.E. , Awode A.U. , Tukura B.W.
Published: March 2023

Composting is a well-known practice for valorizing organic waste materials into useful product. Its use in the management of soils, which are contaminated with organic compounds has been widely studied and reported. Nevertheless, the present approach of analysing the organic compounds and its degradation products using GC-MS is costly. Hence, the need for an alternative analytical screening technique which is less expensive and fast, when compared with the GC-MS analysis. As a probable alternative approach, the cyclic voltammetry of compost extracts containing N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylphenylenediamine (TMPD) is described in this study. The result of the study, however revealed that cyclic voltammetry could neither detect the presence of the TMPD nor its degradation products in any of the compost extract. This might have resulted from the strong and complex matrix of the compost which prevented the oxidation of the TMPD in the compost extract.
Efecto de la retroalimentación visual sobre la velocidad de la marcha después de un accidente cerebrovascular: diseño de caso único
Authors: Castro-Medina Karen Gizeth
Published: March 2023

Introducción. La recuperación de la marcha es uno de los principales objetivos en rehabilitación después de un ACV. Basados en los principios de aprendizaje motor, se han desarrollado nuevas estrategias en neurorrehabilitación basadas en la práctica repetitiva, orientada a la tarea y la retroalimentación. Esto último ha demostrado ser una de las variables clave para el entrenamiento, por su fácil obtención y manipulación. Sin embargo, aún no existen estudios concluyentes que permitan identificar el efecto real de esta variable y su influencia en la recuperación y el desempeño funcional de la marcha.
Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de la retroalimentación visual sobre la velocidad de la marcha después de un accidente cerebrovascular en adultos con estadios subagudos y crónicos.
Metodología. Diseño de caso único de línea de base múltiple, aleatorio no concurrente de cuatro participantes. Se evaluó la velocidad de la marcha determinando las diferencias en el nivel, la tendencia, la estabilidad de los datos y la no superposición de datos mediante el análisis visual basado en la documentación técnica para diseños de caso único de la What Works Clearinghouse.
Resultados. Cuatro participantes con rango de edad de 19 a 73 años fueron incluidos en el estudio. El cambio en el nivel para todos los participantes demostró un incremento en los valores de la velocidad de la marcha después de la introducción de la intervención (media: 0.76 m/s). El análisis visual de la tendencia estimó aceleración para la línea de intervención para tres participantes. Los datos en la fase de base e intervención cumplieron el criterio de estabilidad medido con el método de banda de dos desviaciones estándar (media: 0.05 m/s); los patrones de cambio demostraron efecto inmediato con mejoría gradual durante la intervención para los participantes 1, 3 y 4. El porcentaje de no superposición de datos mostró efectividad de la intervención para tres de los participantes (PND >91.67%).
Conclusiones. Los hallazgos presentados en este estudio representan un aporte científico que respalda la pertinencia del uso y aplicación de los principios de aprendizaje motor para el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias en rehabilitación motora. Sin embargo, este estudio constituye un primer paso para realizar estudios más robustos que incluyan replicación de las fases en el estudio y la evaluación del seguimiento para determinar la permanencia de los efectos a largo plazo.
Awareness of HPV Infection and its Relationship to Cervical Cancer in Medical Students of Karachi, Pakistan A Cross Sectional Study
Authors:   United medical and Dental college, Creek General hospital . Karachi., Kumari Kaweeta , lari Areeba ,   United medical and Dental college, Creek General hospital . Karachi., Shahid Ayesha ,   United medical and Dental college, Creek General hospital . Karachi., Farooqui Anoosh ,   United medical and Dental college, Creek General hospital . Karachi., Abbas Kiran ,   Agha Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Bashir Farhat ,   United medical and Dental college, Creek General hospital . Karachi.
Published: March 2023

Objective: To assess the level of awareness among medical students about HPV, its vaccines and its relation to cervical cancer Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted at Creek General Hospital, Karachi from March 2020 to November 2021 after IRB approval from United Medical and Dental College. Data was collected from undergraduate MBBS students via an online questionnaire. Results: Total participants in the study were 219. Age range was between 18 and 26 years. A majority (82%) of medical students were aware of the causal relationship between HPV and cervical carcinoma. Only 53% of students had the knowledge for the need for regular pap smear. Students confessed about lack of knowledge regarding HPV and its preventive measures with 82% of students admitting to having gaps in their knowledge. Conclusion: The study brings us to the conclusion that the current medical curriculum is not fortified and hence the medical students are unaware about the diagnostic and preventive strategies of cervical cancer which is a good gap in their clinical career.
WHY BALLISTIC TESTING METHODS OF BODY ARMOR DO NOT GIVE US ACCURATE INFORMATION
Authors:   Director of “Professor Tsvetan Lazarov” Defence Institute, G. Genov Borislav , B. Genov Georgi ,   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Faculty of Technical Sciences
Published: March 2023

In the security sectoralways is attention paid to ensure the best possible protection for their employees. Manufacturers and especially the users of ballistic protection systems need an adequate answer to the question whether the chosen protection is effective against specific threats. Such evaluation is difficult enough, mainly because ballistic systems of body armors are high technology products and they embody last achievements in different branches of technology and science. The needed ballistic protection from different threats (bullets, fragments, explosions, stab protection, etc.), makes the only verified and reliable method for effectiveness assessment ballistic test. But are the ballistic tests reliable enough? How they express real situation? What is acceptable risk to assume? The more often used method for assеssment of ballistic protection level is determined by series 0101 NIJ Standards: the body armor, mounted on plasticine block is hitted by different caliber ammo and at one side there hasn’t to be penetration, and at other hand the blunt trauma hasn’t to exceed 44 mm. These should guarantee body armor ballistic protection rate. Other “plasticine” based ballistic testing standards have same imperfections, because their origin from 0101 series of NIJ Standards. This scenario for bullet resistance testing is needed for general reconstruction: the plasticine has a quite different properties in comparison with different areas of human body; the measured value of penetration has only static component – lack of correspondence with real situations, dynamic component (impact wave propagation, character of wave, etc.) isn’t included; and last but not least this criteria for high-speed (rifle) bullets never has been compared with human/animal corpses results. The goal of this paper is to summarize main problems related with this scenario of testing, to characterize in theory the possible consequences after non penetrating impact – mechanical damages, impact wave propagation and other impact phenomena, due to bullet impacts in relation with impact phenomena, and to provide some directions for development of new methods for ballistic testing.
SATELLITE SPECTROPHOTOMETER FOR RESEARCH OF THE TOTAL OZONE CONTENT
Authors:   SPACE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGIES INSTITUTE – BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, SOFIA 1113, ACAD. GEORGI BONCHEV ST., BL. 1, Stoyanov Stiliyan , Mardirossian Garo ,   SPACE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGIES INSTITUTE – BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, SOFIA 1113, ACAD. GEORGI BONCHEV ST., BL. 1
Published: March 2023

The measurement of the atmospheric ozone and its influence upon the climate and life on Earth is undoubtedly one of the most current issues of the present time. The paper presents the functional scheme of a satellite optoelectronic spectrophotometer for measuring the total content of the atmospheric ozone and other gas components of the atmosphere, which has increased precision, smaller weight and energy consumption, increased space and time resolution, quickness of reaction and increased volume of useful information. The object of the paper is the design of an appliance which ensures research of the ozone content in the atmosphere from the board of a satellite.
TWO METHODS FOR 3-AMINOCYCLOPENTANESPIRO-5- HYDANTOIN THIONATION
Authors:   FACULTY OF PLANT PROTECTION AND AGROECOLOGY, AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY – PLOVDIV, Marinov Marin
Published: March 2023

This article presents two methods for 3-aminocyclopentanespiro-5-hydantoin thionation. These methods are based on the treatment of the titled compound with P4S10 or Lawesson’s reagent. The corresponding dithio-analogue was synthesized as a result of these interactions. The structure of the product obtained was verified by 1HNMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data.
PHYTOTOXICOLOGICAL STUDY OF SOME SPIROHYDANTOINS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES TOWARDS PSEUDOCROSSIDIUM REVOLUTUM
Authors:   FACULTY OF PLANT PROTECTION AND AGROECOLOGY, AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY – PLOVDIV, Ganchev Donyo , Marinov Marin ,   FACULTY OF PLANT PROTECTION AND AGROECOLOGY, AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY – PLOVDIV, Krustev Stefan ,   FACULTY OF PLANT PROTECTION AND AGROECOLOGY, AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY – PLOVDIV, Zlateva Milena ,   FACULTY OF PLANT PROTECTION AND AGROECOLOGY, AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY – PLOVDIV, Atanasova Nadezhda ,   FACULTY OF PLANT PROTECTION AND AGROECOLOGY, AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY – PLOVDIV, Stoyanov Neyko ,   DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF RUSE - BRANCH RAZGRAD
Published: March 2023

This article presents a novel ecotoxicological investigation of probable deleterious effect of cyclopentanespiro-5-hydantoin, cyclohexanespiro-5-hydantoin, cyclopentanespiro-5-(2,4-dithiohydantoin) and 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid towards some of the most widespread moss species in the World – Pseudocrossidium revolutum.. Dose-response modeling was carried out by R language for Statistical Computing, drc package.
ANALYTICAL APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE TO JUSTIFY THE ACTIONS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY
Authors:   University of Ruse, Agrarian and Industrial faculty, 8 Studentskastreet, Ruse 7017, Vladimirov Lubomir
Published: March 2023

An analytical apparatus and procedure to justify the protective actions and decisions in the management of environmental security is proposed. It proves its efficiency and reliability. Ways for searching of optimal protective actions are justified. An areas of possible management actions are defined. For a selection of protective actions a criterion of effectiveness is introduced. There are rules for making decisions to protect the border environment offered.
MEASURING THE RISK OF ECOLOGICALLY DANGEROUS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
Authors:   University of Ruse, Vladimirov Lyubomir , Todorova Mariana ,   University of Shumen
Published: March 2023

The present study reveals and defines a procedure for risk measurement that reflects precisely and thoroughly the threats to the environment caused by economic activities. The paper explains the logics behind the risk measurement. It works out a measurement procedure and shows arguments for the operations, the measurement values and the measurement units. The way for defining the numerical values of the risk is also presented.
METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE AMOUNT OF MULTIELECTRONIC SCINTILLATIONS ON THE SCREEN OF ELECTRO – OPTIC TRANSFORMER OF IMAGES
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Zhekov Zhivko
Published: March 2023

One of the basic requirements when using electro – optical transformer (EOT) of images in space research is the low level of bright light flashes on the screen, called multi – electronic scintillations. The experimental research of number and brightness of scintillations show that the distribution of the multi–electronic scintillations’ number across the screen’s diameter could be approximated by a normal law. The analysis of multi – electronic scintillations amplitude spectrum shows, that in the center of the EOT’s screen, the number of scintillations with greater amplitude is significantly greater in comparison with those at the end of the active surface of the screen.
TETRAHEDRAL AND OCTAHEDRAL COMPLEXES OF MN2+ IN THE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF MNCL2.4H2O
Authors:   Shumen University “Konstantin Preslavsky”, 115 Universitetska street, 9712 Shumen, Petkova Petya
Published: March 2023

In this work, the absorption spectra of the aqueous solutions of MnCl2.4H2O are investigated. The concentration of these solutions is in the interval 30-38 %. The experiment is conducted at the room temperature in the spectral region 350 – 650 nm. The asymmetric vibration values and the strength of the oscillator are calculated for all investigated aqueous solutions.
SURVEY AND ANALYSIS OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN BULGARIA AND ABROAD
Authors:   NATIONAL MILITARY UNIVERSITY – SHUMEN, Andreeva Gergana , Andreev Andrey ,   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Faculty of Technical Sciences
Published: March 2023

The membership of Bulgaria in NATO and the European Union brings new challenges and tasks to the Bulgarian Armed forces in the complex and dynamic security environment. The participation of military forces from the Bulgarian Army in international joint operations and missions led by NATO, the EU and the UN, transforms English language fluency into an important aspect of improving our operational interoperability with allies and partners. Teaching English is a priority for the modernization and transformation of the Bulgarian Army. The system of education in English does not exist in isolation and is influenced by a number of factors that affect the force as a whole. It is a process that spans a long period of time and does not give quick results. This feature poses one of the challenges facing the system of English language training for the introduction of new effective forms of communication. In this respect, it is topical to explore and analyze opportunities for the introduction of Intercultural Communication in language learning groups within the Bulgarian Ministry of Defense.
RESEARCH OF MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR OPERATIONS TO DETERMINE RISKS FOR PROTECTIONS OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors:   MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF SHUMEN, Pashov Lyubomir
Published: March 2023

This work is a research of the mathematical model for operations to determine the risk to critical infrastructure protection. We introduce the concept of determined uncontrollable factors, providing an opportunity to differentiate some variables, which cannot be influenced by the operating party in any way. The random factors are considered known for their distribution function. Particular attention is paid to the mathematical models which are classified as dynamic or static, depending on their specific characteristic.
RESEARCH OF THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPLEMENETATION OF POLICES WHEN PLANNING THE POROTECTION OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors:   MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF SHUMEN, Pashov Lyubomir
Published: March 2023

This work deals with the opportunities for implementation of policies when planning the protection of critical infrastructure in the framework of the national security system and the system for protection of the national sovereignty. A strategy is developed for the critical infrastructure protection at operational, regional and strategic level. A plan is outlined to address the relevant issues and requirements and set the activities and measures to protect the critical infrastructure.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND ONTOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EDWARD ZWICK’S THE LAST SAMURAI
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philology, Petrović Goran J.
Published: March 2023

In this article, I deal with the anthropological and ontological aspects of Edward Zwick’s The Last Samurai. As far as the film’s anthropological aspect is concerned, I deal with the clash between the West and the East as present therein and, by showing that the film ascribes (ethi- cal) superiority to the dying Japanese feudal culture (i.e., the East), I conclude that it opposes the Western Civilization’s prevalent anthropological stance in the 19th century. As for the film’s ontological aspect, I deal with the question of god’s presence (or absence) in the events shown in it, and conclude that the film can be interpreted from both an atheist and a theist perspective. Apropos of the film’s pro-samurai anthropological aspect, I stress the primitivist utopianism of The Last Samurai.
ELEMENTI POSTMODERNIZMA U ROMANU „GUBITNIK“ TOMASA BERNHARDA
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Philosophy, Joka Marija  N.
Published: March 2023

This paper will discuss Thomas Bernhard’s novel The Loser, published in 1983, through the analysis of which we will single out some of the main features of postmodernist art, referring to the texts of the most authoritative literary theorists, including Frederic Jameson, Linda Hutcheon, Ihab Hasan and others. We will pay attention to Bernhard’s attitude towards art and the place it occupies in the culture of late capitalism, as well as his view of the political scene in Austria of that period. In terms of form, we will focus on linguistic means specific only to Bernhard, but also on fragmentation and a special model of the narrator that are characteristic of the entire postmodern literature.
AUTOPOETIČKO PUTOVANjE U PESNIČKOJ ZBIRCI „UNUTRAŠNjI ČOVEK“ VOJISLAVA KARANOVIĆA
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Philology and Arts, Kandić Milica
Published: March 2023

This paper examines the autopoetic statements in Vojislav Karanović’s collection of poetry Unutrašnji čovek (2011). Furthermore, it strives to point out the transformations that are present in Karanović’s poetry collection. Bearing in mind that the poet’s reflections on his poetics are noticeable in his previous works, this research paper is based on the hypothesis that elements of Karanović’s autopoetics can be found in this collection of poetry, as well. We used the analytic-synthetic method for this research in order to analyze the selected corpus by interpreting the poems firstly, and then the poetry collection. Hence, we tried to determine the changes regarding the poems, poetic form, as well as poetic language.
FILOZOFIJA ISTORIJE U ROMANU „USPON I PAD PARKINSONOVE BOLESTI“ SVETISLAVA BASARE
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Philosophy, Kostadinović Strahinja N.
Published: March 2023

In this article, the author deals with the main elements of the philoso- phy of history as presented to us by Svetislav Basara in his novel The Rise and Fall of Parkinson’s Disease. In the first place, the close connection of Basara’s conception of history with the understanding of history given by Christian (primarily Orthodox) theology is pointed out. Then we talk about Basara’s critique of the ideologized periodization of history as an example of deviation from the proclaimed scientific impartiality. The last part of the paper explains how in this novel Basara sees the significance and meaning of history today, given the prevailing philosophy of history.
ZNAČAJ MUZIČKOG GESTA U ŽANRU USPAVANKE
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Philology and Arts, Mladenovski Jelena
Published: March 2023

The lullaby, as an established cultural practice and reproduction of culture in all nations, has also been used as a musical genre since the era of romanticism. Many composers of the 19th and 20th centuries, who were encouraged by children, included the theme of lullabies in their work as an inevitable source of inspiration. Given that it goes beyond the framework of one era, the lullaby genre builds a separate musical style, in which certain formal-expressive strategies can be recognized on an appropriate generalized level. The primary task in the paper will be precisely the identification of the modalities of musical meanings that are shown to be close in the miniatures called Lullaby, as well as in the pieces with the vaguer name Story. Recognized strategies will be catego- rized according to Robert Hatten’s semiotic approach to musical meaning, with an emphasis on the concept of musical gesture, which will therefore form the starting and basic analytical method. The correlation between the two opposing fields - musical structure and musical ex- pression, which Hatten puts in the central place, implies, therefore, an illustration of the interdependence of hermeneutics and structuralism. Such a dual method proved to be very useful in order to show a high degree of similarity in the way of shaping thematically related musical material within a relatively small analytical sample.
Grand Illusions: Large-Scale Optical Toys and Contemporary Scientific Spectacle
Authors: Bak Meredith A.
Published: March 2023

Nineteenth-century optical toys that showcase illusions of motion such as the phenakistoscope, zoetrope, and praxinoscope, have enjoyed active “afterlives” in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Contemporary incarnations of the zoetrope are frequently found in the realms of fine art and advertising, and they are often much larger than their nineteenth-century counterparts. This article argues that modern-day optical toys are able to conjure feelings of wonder and spectacle equivalent to their nineteenth-century antecedents because of their adjustment in scale. Exploring a range of contemporary philosophical toys found in arts, entertainment, and advertising contexts, the article discusses various technical adjustments made to successfully “scale up” optical toys, including the replacement of hand-spun mechanisms with larger sources of motion (such as a subway train or a motor) and the use of various means such as architectural features and stroboscopic lights to replace traditional shutter mechanisms such as the zoetrope’s dark slots. Critical consideration of scale as a central feature of these installations reconfigures the relationship between audience and device. Large-scale adaptations of optical toys revise the traditional conception of the user, who is able to tactilely manipulate and interact with the apparatus, instead positing a viewer who has less control over the illusion’s operation and is instead a captive audience surrounded by the animation. It is primarily through their adaptation of scale that contemporary zoetropes successfully elicit wonder as scientific spectacles from their audiences today.
Reducing Mass Gathering on Congregational Prayer’s During Covid-19 Pandemic in Malaysia According to Al-Ta’seel Al-Fiqhee
Authors:   Federal University Gashua, Nigeria, Salisu Auwal , Hassan Shahir Akram ,   Centre for Islamic Development Management Studies Universiti Sains Malaysia
Published: March 2023

This paper sought to provide an overview of current mosque situation in Malaysia after the incident of covid-19 pandemic, which necessitated Malaysian Islamic affairs to close the place of worship and reduce mass gathering including Muslim five daily congregational prayers at Masjids as well as weekly congregational prayers in all of the Malaysian states more especially the most affected areas i.e. Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Khedah and Penang. The decision from Islamic point of view according to Islamic Fatwa is backed and supported with Muslims scholar’s Fatwa view according to analogical view (Qiyas) as well as Maslaha mechanism. However, could Islamic Fatwa be sufficient enough to address and attract Muslims congregation in accepting religious authority and mosque management decision for 1m SOP distancing as well as reducing mass gathering in congregations? And how this influence spiritual and health feelings of Muslims after the above-mentioned SOP implemented? The paper has two objectives. First, to identify the current situation of congregational prayers based on 1m SOP in Malaysia and its spiritual effect. Secondly, to analyse the current situation of congregational prayers based on 1m SOP according to Al- Ta’seel Al-Fiqhee. The documentary review of existing literatures and past researches also library research data from classical and contemporary Islamic scholars would be used to present a sound legal theory of successful Fatwa to straighten the decision made by religious authorities and mosque management. Thus, the obtainable data seems to suggest the sufficient enough Islamic Fatwa views to inspiring the adopted decision which influenced spiritual and health feelings of Muslims after the implementation of the 1m SOP.
RELATIONSHIP OF AWARENESS AND USAGE OF ONLINE AND MOBILE BANKING AMONG YOUTH WITH SELECTED VARIABLESMs. Anuradha Sangar
Authors: Sangar Ms. Anuradha , Burad Dr. Pawan
Published: March 2023

India anticipates receiving a demographic dividend because it has the largest working population in the world. However, a significant obstacle lies in its limited employment generation capacity. Eliminating poverty simultaneously is also crucial. Financial inclusion among youth should be emphasized in the fight against poverty. A self-administered survey was used for data collection. The research was carried out in two distinct districts of Punjab—GURDASPUR, and JALANDHAR—at two distinct commerce colleges. The sample for this study consists of young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 who are enrolled in post secondary education in the commerce field. A sample of 100 young people from commerce colleges in the cities of Jalandhar and Gurdaspur was chosen in the case of awareness of online banking, Result reveals that there is a strong correlation between respondent categories (economically independent versus economically dependent) in three of the variables: opening an account, paying utility bills online, and online shopping. Opening an account, paying utility bills, checking balance, and transferring money are the four uses of mobile banking that have a significant correlation with the respondent's economic independence or dependence. In the caseof online banking awareness, there is a strong correlation between the respondent's annual family income and three variables: opening an account, checking balance, and paying utility bills. In terms of mobile banking awareness, there is a significant correlation between openingan account, checking the balance, transferring money, and paying utility bills. In all cases, thereis a strong correlation between the respondent's annual family income and the use of online banking
THE EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE ON TEENS
Authors: Rehman Mr. Fasal , saxena Dr. Venu Lata , jose Dr. Greesha
Published: March 2023

Teenagers often experiment with a variety of activities and substances. Drug addiction has become a worldwide problem, especially in teenagers. Many young people become dependent on different types substances and stimulating medicines that comes hand-in-hand with narcotic effect. The life of addicts becomes spoiled in all aspects, as they lose contact with their family and live in a different world. They spend lots of money on drugs, and then look for ways to earn money illegally. If we compare the health problems, there are many dangerous effects of drugs.
Contaminación acústica en la parroquia “12 de Marzo” del cantón Portoviejo
Authors: Vera Rodríguez Ladys Elizabeth , Vásquez Pineda Lenin Anderson , Cevallos Quiroz Joseph Jesús , Sánchez Rendon Victoria Maylee , Lucio Villacreses Luis Fernando
Published: March 2023

El presente artículo ha sido relacionado con los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible 3 “Garantizar una vida sana y promover el bienestar para todos y todas las edades” con el fin de reforzar las capacidades y estar en material de alerta temprana para reducir el riesgo y la gestión de riesgo para la salud humana. También tuvo relación con el objetivo 11 “Lograra que las ciudades y asentamientos humanos sean inclusivos, seguros, resiliente y sostenibles” este objetivo tiene como plan reducir el impacto ambiental negativo incluso prestando atención especialmente a la calidad del aire y a la contaminación acústica. Con la finalidad de conocer cuáles son las afectaciones causadas por la contaminación acústica en la parroquia “12 de marzo” de Portoviejo se utilizaron varios métodos: deductivo, exploratorio y cuantitativo que nos permitió consolidar una encuesta aplicada a ciento cincuenta personas que viven en la zona. Entre los resultados obtenidos el más importantes está, cual es el nivel de ruido que se percibe en la zona, este resultado se lo obtuvo a través de la encuesta que le hicimos a las personas que viven y transitan por el lugar, con un 16,6%como resultado obtenido está que el nivel de ruido que se percibe en la zona es un 5 esto nos dice que se encuentra en una molestia media, en los cual da a entender que no hay ni mucha contaminación ni alta contaminación.