bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring barriers to and facilitators of malaria prevention practices: a photovoice study with rural communities at risk to Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Naserrudin Nurul Athirah , Lin Pauline Yong Pau , Monroe April , Culleton Richard , Baumann Sara Elizabeth , Sato Shigeharu , Adhikari Bipin , Fornace Kimberly M. , Hod Rozita , Jeffree Mohammad Saffree , Ahmed Kamruddin , Hassan Mohd Rohaizat
Published: July 2023

Background

The control of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria remains challenging due to the presence of macaque monkeys and predominantly outdoor-biting Anopheles mosquitoes around human settlements. This study aims to explore the barriers and facilitators related to prevention of mosquito bites among rural communities living in Sabah, Malaysia using the participatory visual method, photovoice.

Methods

From January through June 2022, 26 participants were recruited from four villages in Kudat, Sabah, using purposive sampling. Participants were male and female villagers, aged > 18 years old. After photovoice training in the villages, participants documented facilitators of and barriers related to avoiding mosquito bites using their own smartphone cameras, and provided narratives for their photos. Twelve Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) sessions in three rounds were held to share and discuss the photos, and to address challenges to the avoidance of mosquito bites. All discussions were conducted in the Sabah Malay dialect, and were video and audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. The Ideation Model, a meta-theoretical model of behaviour change, underpinned this study.

Results

The most common types of barriers identified by participants included (I) intrapersonal factors such as low perceived threat of malaria, (II) livelihood and lifestyle activities consisting of the local economy and socio-cultural activities, and (III) physical and social environment. The facilitators were categorized into (I) intrapersonal reasons, including having the opportunity to stay indoors, especially women who are housewives, (II) social support by the households, neaighbours and healthcare workers, and (III) support from healthcare services and malaria awareness program. Participants emphasized the importance of stakeholder's support in implementing feasible and affordable approaches to P. knowlesi malaria control.

Conclusion

Results provided insights regarding the challenges to preventing P. knowlesi malaria in rural Kudat, Sabah. The participation of communities in research was valuable in expanding knowledge of local challenges and highlighting possible ways to overcome barriers. These findings may be used to improve strategies for zoonotic malaria control, which is critical for advancing social change and minimizing health disparities in malaria prevention.
Breast cancer and breast cancer screening use—beliefs and behaviours in a nationwide study in Malaysia
Authors: Tan Min Min , Jamil Aminatul Saadiah Abdul , Ismail Roshidi , Donnelly Michael , Su Tin Tin
Published: July 2023

Background

Many upper-middle-income countries (UMICs), including Malaysia, continue to face low breast cancer (BC) screening rates and patients with delayed presentation of BC. This study investigated the role of beliefs about BC and use of screening (e.g. beliefs about whether or not screening reduced the possibility of dying from BC).

Methods

A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted in which a total of 813 women (aged ≥ 40 years old) were randomly selected and surveyed using the validated Awareness and Beliefs about Cancer (ABC) measure. The association between BC screening use, sociodemographic characteristics, and negative beliefs about BC screening were analysed using stepwise Poisson regressions.

Results

Seven out of ten Malaysian women believed that BC screening was necessary only when experiencing cancer symptoms. Women > 50 years and from households with more than one car or motorcycle were 1.6 times more likely to attend a mammogram or a clinical breast examination (mammogram: Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 1.60, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.19–2.14, Clinical Breast Examination (CBE): PR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.29–1.99). About 23% of women expected to feel anxious about attending BC screening, leading them to avoid the procedure. Women who held negative beliefs about BC screening were 37% less likely to attend a mammogram (PR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.42–0.94) and 24% less likely to seek a CBE (PR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.60–0.95).

Conclusions

Public health strategies or behaviour interventions targeting negative beliefs about BC screening among Malaysian women may increase uptake and reduce late presentation and advanced-stage cancer. Insights from the study suggest that women under 50 years, in the lower income group without a car or motorcycle ownership, and of Malay or Indian ethnicity (compared to Chinese-Malay) are more likely to hold beliefs inhibiting BC screening.
Management of malignant pleural effusion in Italian clinical practice: a nationwide survey
Authors: Mei Federico , Tamburrini Mario , Gonnelli Francesca , Morandi Luca , Bonifazi Martina , Sediari Michele , Berardino Alessandro di Marco , Barisione Emanuela , Failla Giuseppe , Zuccatosta Lina , Papi Alberto , Gasparini Stefano , Marchetti Giampietro
Published: July 2023

Background

Pleural disease (PD), particularly malignant pleural effusion (MPE), is a common cause of hospital admission and its prevalence is rising worldwide. Recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic options, such as Indwelling Pleural Catheters (IPCs), have simplified PD treatment, allowing an effective outpatients management. Therefore, dedicated pleural services can improve PD care, guaranteeing specialized management and optimizing time and cost. We aimed to provide an overview on MPE management in Italy, mainly focused on distribution and characteristics of pleural services and IPCs use.

Methods

A nationwide survey, endorsed by the Italian Thoracic Society, was distributed by email to members of selected subgroups in 2021.

Results

Ninety (23%) members replied, most of whom being pulmonologists (91%). MPE resulted the most common cause of pleural effusion and was managed with heterogenous approaches, including talc pleurodesis via slurry (43%), talc poudrage (31%), repeated thoracentesis (22%) and IPCs insertion (2%). The setting of IPC insertion was inpatient care in 48% of cases, with a predominance of draining frequency every other day. IPC management mainly relied on caregivers (42%). The presence of a pleural service was reported by 37% of respondents.

Conclusions

The present study provides an extensive overview of MPE management in Italy, showing a highly heterogeneous approach, a scarce prevalence of out-patient pleural services, and a still limited adoption of IPCs, mainly due to lack of dedicated community care systems. This survey emphasizes the need of promoting a higher spreading of pleural services and an innovative healthcare delivery with more favourable cost-benefit ratio.
Influence of the shape of the first metatarsal cuneiform joint on the development of hallux valgus deformity
Authors: Sovilj Mirko , Baljozović Andreja , Pilipović Filip , Banjac Maja Sovilj , Baščarević Zoran
Published: July 2023

Objective

To examine the presence of certain shapes of the first metatarsal-cuneiform joint (MTC) joint in feet with hallux valgus (HV) deformity. To determine whether the anatomical orientation of this joint affects the size of the hallux valgus angle (HVA) and the first intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and whether it contributes to the dynamics of the developmental course of HV deformity.

Methods

The shape of the first MTC joint was determined on a sample of 315 feet with HV deformity. The influence of the shape of this joint on the values of HVA and IMA was explored. The relation between the position of the tibial sesamoid and the size of HVA and IMA as well as the dynamics of the development of this deformity depending on the shape of the first MTC joint, was examined.

Results

The oblique shape of the first MTC joint was found in 165 (52.4%) feet, the transverse in 145 (46%), and the convex shape was registered in five feet (1.6%). In the oblique shape of this joint, a moderate and severe degree of HV deformity is predominant, while in the transverse shape a mild degree dominates. A statistically significant dependence of HVA on the shape of the first MTC joint was found (Sig. = 0.010), while the dependence of IMA did not show statistical significance (Sig. = 0.105). HVA values follow the position of the tibial sesamoid in both shapes of the MTC joint while the size of the IMA in the transverse shape does not follow the change of the position of this sesamoid.

Conclusion

The oblique shape of the first MTC joint is associated with the more severe form of HV deformity and its faster developmental course. In the analyzed sample, it was shown that HVA is higher in the oblique shape of the MTC joint and significantly depends on the anatomical orientation of this joint. Furthermore, IMA has a higher value in the oblique shape compared to transverse but this dependence is not statistically significant. The analysis showed that the oblique shape of the first MTC joint contributes to the development of HV deformity.
The effect of foot posture on static balance, ankle and knee proprioception in 18-to-25-year-old female student: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ghorbani Maryam , Yaali Rasoul , Sadeghi Hassan , Luczak Tony
Published: July 2023

Background & purpose

Afferent input from the sole affects postural stability. Cutaneous reflexes from the foot are important to posture and gait. Lower-limb afferents alone provide enough information to maintain upright stance and are critical in perceiving postural sway. Altered feedback from propreoceptive receptors alters gait and patterns of muscle activation. The position and posture of the foot and ankle may also play an important role in proprioceptive input.Therefore, the current research aims to compare static balance and ankle and knee proprioception in people with and without flexible flatfeet.

Methodology

91 female students between the ages of 18 and 25 voluntarily participated in this study, of which 24 were in the flexible flatfoot group and 67 were in the regular foot group after evaluating the longitudinal arch of the foot. The position sense of ankle and knee joints were measured using the active reconstruction test of the ankle and knee angle; Static balance was measured using the Sharpened Romberg test. Data were non-normally distributed. Accordingly, non-parametric tests were applied. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare differences between groups in variables.

Result

Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference between two groups of flat feet and normal feet in the variables of static balance and position sense of ankle plantarflexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and knee flexion (p ≤ 0.05). A significant correlation was found between static balance and sense of ankle and knee position in the group with normal feet. The analysis of the regression line also showed that ankle and knee position sense could predict the static balance score in the regular foot group (ankle dorsiflexion position sense 17% (R2 = 0.17), ankle plantarflexion position sense 17% (R2 = 0.17) and knee flexion position sense 46% (R2 = 0.46) explain of changes in static balance).

Discussion & conclusion

Flexible flatfoot soles can cause loss of balance and sense of joint position; therefore, according to this preliminary study, clinicians must be aware and should take into account this possible deficit in the management of these patients.
Influence of weight-bearing on the 3D movement of lumbar facet joints in the sitting position
Authors: Han Ye , Wang Xiaodong , Wang Jianzhong , Sun Shaosong , Xia Xi , Wang Jing , Miao Jun
Published: July 2023

Objective

To analyze the motion characteristics of lumbar facet joints and to observe the effect of weight-bearing on lumbar facet joints in the sitting position.

Methods

Ten normal subjects (5 males and 5 females) were recruited and scanned by CT, and their lumbar 3D models were reconstructed by software. The images of flexion and extension of lumbar facet joints in the sitting position were collected without weight-bearing and weight-bearing 10 kg, and the 2D model was constructed by software. The 2D-3D model was matched to restore the flexion and extension motion changes of the subjects’ lumbar spine in the sitting position. Coordinates were established in the middle of the vertebral body and copied to the facet joints. Measure and record the lumbar facet joint movement distance through coordinate system. The relevant data of facet joints were collected.

Results

In the L3/4 segment, after weight loading, the displacement of the left facet joint in the X axis became larger, while that in the Y axis and Z axis decreased. The displacement of the right facet joint in the X axis and Y axis increased, and the Z axis displacement decreased. The rotation angle of the bilateral facet joints also decreased. In the L4/5 segment, after loading, the displacements of the X, Y, and Z axis displacements of both sides increase, while the rotation angles of α and β increase, while the rotation angle of γ decreases. In the L5/S1 segment, the displacements of the X, Y, and Z axes on the left side decrease. The displacement of the X and Y axes on the right side decreases, while the displacement on the Z axis increases. The rotation angles of α and γ increase, and the rotation angle of the β axis decreases.

Conclusion

When sitting, the flexion and extension distance and rotational displacement of lumbar facet joints are not affected by weight-bearing. In addition, there is asymmetry in the movement of the left and right facet joints, and weight bearing has no effect on the asymmetry of the motion.
Applicability of drug-related problem (DRP) classification system for classifying severe medication errors
Authors: Linden-Lahti Carita , Takala Anna , Holmström Anna-Riia , Airaksinen Marja
Published: July 2023

Background

Several classification systems for medication errors (MEs) have been established over time, but none of them apply optimally for classifying severe MEs. In severe MEs, recognizing the causes of the error is essential for error prevention and risk management. Therefore, this study focuses on exploring the applicability of a cause-based DRP classification system for classifying severe MEs and their causes.

Methods

This was a retrospective document analysis study on medication-related complaints and authoritative statements investigated by the Finnish National Supervisory Authority for Welfare and Health (Valvira) in 2013–2017. The data was classified by applying a previously developed aggregated DRP classification system by Basger et al. Error setting and harm to the patient were identified using qualitative content analysis to describe the characteristics of the MEs in the data. The systems approach to human error, error prevention, and risk management was used as a theoretical framework.

Results

Fifty-eight of the complaints and authoritative statements concerned MEs, which had occurred in a wide range of social and healthcare settings. More than half of the ME cases (52%, n = 30) had caused the patient’s death or severe harm. In total, 100 MEs were identified from the ME case reports. In 53% (n = 31) of the cases, more than one ME was identified, and the mean number of MEs identified was 1.7 per case. It was possible to classify all MEs according to aggregated DRP system, and only a small proportion (8%, n = 8) were classified in the category “Other,” indicating that the cause of the ME could not be classified to specific cause-based category. MEs in the “Other” category included dispensing errors, documenting errors, prescribing error, and a near miss.

Conclusions

Our study provides promising preliminary results for using DRP classification system for classifying and analyzing especially severe MEs. With Basger et al.’s aggregated DRP classification system, we were able to categorize both the ME and its cause. More research is encouraged with other ME incident data from different reporting systems to confirm our results.
High-throughput characterization of cortical microtubule arrays response to anisotropic tensile stress
Authors: Demes Elsa , Verger Stéphane
Published: July 2023

Background

Plants can perceive and respond to mechanical signals. For instance, cortical microtubule (CMT) arrays usually reorganize following the predicted maximal tensile stress orientation at the cell and tissue level. While research in the last few years has started to uncover some of the mechanisms mediating these responses, much remains to be discovered, including in most cases the actual nature of the mechanosensors. Such discovery is hampered by the absence of adequate quantification tools that allow the accurate and sensitive detection of phenotypes, along with high throughput and automated handling of large datasets that can be generated with recent imaging devices.

Results

Here we describe an image processing workflow specifically designed to quantify CMT arrays response to tensile stress in time-lapse datasets following an ablation in the epidermis — a simple and robust method to change mechanical stress pattern. Our Fiji-based workflow puts together several plugins and algorithms under the form of user-friendly macros that automate the analysis process and remove user bias in the quantification. One of the key aspects is also the implementation of a simple geometry-based proxy to estimate stress patterns around the ablation site and compare it with the actual CMT arrays orientation. Testing our workflow on well-established reporter lines and mutants revealed subtle differences in the response over time, as well as the possibility to uncouple the anisotropic and orientational response.

Conclusion

This new workflow opens the way to dissect with unprecedented detail the mechanisms controlling microtubule arrays re-organization, and potentially uncover the still largely elusive plant mechanosensors.
YWHAH, a member of 14-3-3 family proteins, and PSME2, the proteasome activator subunit 2, are key host factors of Japanese encephalitis virus infection
Authors: Liu Chaoyue , Yang Yanhong , Li Qianqian , Hu Weimin , Chang Jinxia , Chen Rong , Zhu Hong , Xu Mingfei
Published: July 2023

Background

Host response to virus infection is key to the effective control and eventual elimination of viruses or infected cells; however, the underlying mechanism of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection remains unclear.

Methods

In the present study, short time-series expression was analyzed by R software to obtain two groups of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) [upregulated/downregulated] during the entire process of JEV infection based on the data in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway, protein interactions and hub genes selection were analyzed by DAVID, STRING and Cytoscape respectively. Interactions of the JEV and host proteins, and the microRNAs that target Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activating protein Eta (YWHAH) and Proteasome activator subunit 2(PSME2) were predicted by P-hipster and ENCORI, respectively. Expression levels of YWHAH and PSME2 were analyzed using the HPA database and RT-qPCR assay.

Results

Two groups of continuously changed DEGs during entire process of JEV infection were obtained. Continuously upregulated cluster was mainly related to regulation of transcription, immune response and inflammatory response; and the continuous downregulated group mainly including intracellular protein transport and signal transduction, several proteolysis pathways. As targets of several microRNAs, the downregulated-YWHAH and the upregulated-PSME2 were related to host and JEV proteins to affect several pathways after JEV infection.

Conclusions

YWHAH and PSME2 are key host factors of JEV infection based on their continuously differentially expressed pattern, interactions with multiple JEV proteins, and as members of the hub genes. Our results provide valuable information for further studies on the interactions between viruses and host.
Information and support to patients when the waiting time guarantee cannot be fulfilled: a qualitative study
Authors: Casales Morici Belén , Augustsson Hanna , Hasson Henna , Ebbevi David
Published: July 2023

Background

Long waiting times for health care services are a prominent health policy issue. Waiting time guarantees may limit time to assessment and treatment.

Methods

This study aims to investigate the information and support given to patients when the waiting time guarantee cannot be fulfilled from a care provider and administrative management perspective. Semi-structured interviews (N = 28) were conducted with administrative management and care providers (clinic staff and clinic line managers) in specialized clinics in the Stockholm Region, Sweden. Clinics were purposefully sampled for maximum variation in ownership (private, public), complexity of care, geographical location, volume of production, and waiting times. Thematic analysis was applied.

Results

Care providers reported that patients received inconsistent information and support with regard to the waiting time guarantee and that information was not adapted to health literacy or individual patient needs. Contrary to local law, they made some patients responsible for finding a new care provider or arranging a new referral. Furthermore, financial interests affected whether patients were referred to other providers. Administrative management steered care providers’ informing practices at specific time points (upon establishment of a new unit and after six months of operation). A specific regional support function, Region Stockholm’s Care Guarantee Office, helped patients change care providers when long waiting times occurred. However, administrative management perceived that there was no established routine to assist care providers in informing patients.

Conclusions

Care providers did not consider patients’ health literacy when informing them about the waiting time guarantee. Administrative management’s attempts to provide information and support to care providers are not producing the results they expect. Soft-law regulations and care contracts seem insufficient, and economic mechanisms undermine care providers’ willingness to inform patients. The described actions are unable to mitigate the inequality in health care that arises from differences in care-seeking behavior.
Association between triglyceride-glucose index and low-density lipoprotein particle size in korean obese adults
Authors: Kim Sanghoon , Lee Ji-Won , Lee Yaeji , Song Youhyun , Linton John A
Published: July 2023

Background

Small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) is the lipoprotein marker among the various lipoproteins that is most strongly related to atherosclerosis. Insulin resistance (IR) can alter lipid metabolism, and sdLDL-C is characteristic of diabetic dyslipidemia. Therefore, this study sought to inspect the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and mean low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size.

Methods

In this study, a total of 128 adults participated. The correlation coefficients between various lipoproteins and the TyG index were compared using Steiger’s Z test and the Spearman correlation. The independent link between the TyG index and mean LDL particle size was demonstrated by multiple linear regression analysis. To identify the TyG index cutoff value for the predominance of sdLDL particles, receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted.

Results

Mean LDL particle size correlated more strongly with the TyG index than did very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Regression analysis demonstrated that mean LDL particle size had a strong association with the TyG index (β coefficient = -0.038,P-value < 0.001). The TyG index optimal cutoff value for sdLDL particle predominance and the corresponding area under the curve (standard error: 0.028, 95% confidence interval: 0.842–0.952) were 8.72 and 0.897, respectively, which were close to the cutoff value of diabetes risk in Koreans.

Conclusions

Mean LDL particle size is more strongly correlated with the TyG index than do other lipid parameters. After correcting for confounding variables, mean LDL particle size is independently linked with the TyG index. The study indicates that the TyG index is strongly related to atherogenic sdLDL particles predominance.
Short-term safety and cosmetic outcomes of endoscopic direct-to-implant breast reconstruction and simultaneous contralateral breast augmentation for breast cancer: a prospective analysis of 33 patients
Authors: Qiu Mengxue , Yang Huanzuo , Zhou Jiao , Feng Yu , Liu Xinran , Zhang Qing , Du Zhenggui
Published: July 2023

Background

For patients with small breasts, breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and unilateral nipple-/skin-sparing mastectomy (N/SSM) with breast reconstruction may result in visible breast deformities or asymmetry, and contralateral breast augmentation often require a two-staged operation. We propose a novel endoscopic technique, direct-to-implant breast reconstruction and simultaneous contralateral breast augmentation (DTI-BR-SCBA), and report its short-term safety and cosmetic outcomes.

Methods

In this prospective study, patients with early breast cancer who underwent endoscopic DTI-BR-SCBA between November 2020 and August 2022 were followed for more than 3 months to analysed short-term postoperative safety (complications and oncological safety) and cosmetic outcomes (doctor-assessed results by Ueda scale and patient-reported results by Breast-Q scale).

Results

A total of 33 patients, including 30 treated with endoscopic prepectoral DTI-BR-SCBA, 1 with endoscopic dual-plane DTI-BR-SCBA and 2 with endoscopic subpectoral DTI-BR-SCBA, were analysed. The mean age was 39.7 ± 6.7 years. The mean operation time was 165.1 ± 36.1 min. The overall surgical complication rate was 18.2%. All complications were minor, including haemorrhage (3.0%), cured by compression haemostasis, surgical site infection (9.1%), cured by oral antibiotics, and self-healing nipple-areolar complex ischaemia (6.1%). Furthermore, rippling and implant edge visibility occurred in 6.2% of them. The outcome was graded as “Excellent” and “Good” in 87.9% and 12.1% of patients in the doctor cosmetic assessment, respectively, and patient satisfaction with breasts was significantly improved (55.0 ± 9.5 vs. 58.8 ± 7.9, P = 0.046).

Conclusions

The novel endoscopic DTI-BR-SCBA method may be an ideal alternative for patients with small breasts because it can improve cosmetic results with a relatively low complications rate, which makes it worthy of clinical promotion.
A new era for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Authors: Fernandez-Egea Emilio , Mucci Armida , Lee Jimmy , Kirkpatrick Brian
Published: July 2023

Negative symptoms remain one of the major unmet needs for people with schizophrenia, and the past decade has witnessed a surge in interest in negative symptoms. In this themed issue, we present new concepts of negative symptoms and recent findings on their epidemiology and pathophysiology and on therapeutic options for their management.
Surveillance imaging of type II endoleak with contrast-enhanced ultrasound
Authors: Jelenak Filip , Hira Jaspreet , Khot Rachita
Published: July 2023

Type II endoleak is the most common type of endoleak after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm and has been reported in up to 20–50% of patients. Patients undergo lifelong surveillance of aortic graft stents to monitor for endoleak. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can be an adjunct to CT angiography (CTA) which is the preferred imaging modality for surveillance. However, CT angiography introduces challenges of recurring cost, exposure to ionizing radiation, and the need for iodinated contrast dye. We report a case using CEUS for the detection of type II endoleak.
Application of metal artifact reduction algorithm for CBCT diagnosis of temporary anchorage device–tooth root contact: inadequate to reduce false-positive rate
Authors: McLaughlin Victoria , Liu Jie , Kalim Sonya , Nguyen Kristin , Kim Do-Gyoon , Sun Zongyang
Published: July 2023

Objectives:

It was recently found that when cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to examine temporary anchorage device (TAD)–tooth root contact, it tends to yield high false-positive (FP) diagnoses. This study investigated whether application of a metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm or reducing CBCT scan voxel-size can remediate this problem.

Methods:

18 fresh pig cadaver mandibles underwent TAD placement bilaterally at first molar lingual furcation regions. CBCT scans were taken under varied MAR (absence, presence) and voxel-size (400 µm, 200 µm) settings. Then, TADs were removed and a micro-CT scan (27 µm voxel-size) of the TAD placement site was performed. Three raters, blinded of CBCT scan setting, independently diagnosed whether TADs were in contact with roots. The reliability and accuracy of CBCT diagnoses using micro-CT as the gold-standard were statistically examined.

Results:

Generally, CBCT diagnoses had intrarater (Cohen’s κ: 0.54–1) and interrater (Fleiss’ κ: 0.73–0.81) reliability, within the moderate to excellent range, which did not vary with MAR setting or scan voxel-size. For diagnostic accuracy, FP rate among all raters was mostly in the 15–25% range and did not change with MAR or scan voxel-size settings (McNemar tests, p > 0.05) while false-negative rate was relatively minimal and only occurred to one rater (9%).

Conclusions:

When using CBCT to diagnose possible TAD–root contact, applying a currently available Planmeca MAR algorithm or reducing CBCT scan voxel-size from 400 µm to 200 µm may not decrease FP rate. Further optimization of the MAR algorithm for this purpose may be needed.
Cosmetic procedures: the supply of medicines to safeguard consumer health and wellbeing
Authors: Sines David
Published: July 2023

Finding a balance between patient safety and working within the confines of legislation may be difficult in emergency scenarios. Chair of the Joint Council for Cosmetic Practitioners, Professor David Sines, explores how to safeguard consumer health in more depth
Atom-Wide Pores Block Smallest Ions
Authors: Nathan Stuart
Published: July 2023

Graphene capillaries act like aquaporins, allowing water to pass through
Auto Braking on TfL Trams
Authors: Wade Andrew
Published: July 2023

New safety system in wake of 2016 crash
‘Mole’ Could Speed up Fibre Roll-Out
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: July 2023

Robots will be able to burrow without disturbing the ground above
Spotless not Clueless
Authors: Grylls Bethan
Published: July 2023

Technical cleanliness isn’t new, but as vehicle autonomy becomes a reality, the necessity for clean components becomes a crucial practise for the automotive sector.
Impact of Sport Specific Type on Pulmonary Function and Anthropometric Measures of Adolescents
Authors: El Nady Hala G. , El Refay Amira S. , A. Salah Dina , F. Fahmy Reham , Mansour Sameh Abdelaziz , S. Sherif Lobna , Gobarah Ayman
Published: July 2023

Involvement in specific sports or physical activities enhances the strength of respiratory muscles and impacts anthropometric characteristics. Current studies have declared that athletes possess greater capability of the respiratory system, and different body characterization in comparison to their age-matched sedentary controls. Aim: our study aimed to examine the differences between lung function and anthropometric characterization among athletic adolescents performing sports which is similar in nature, in accordance with intensity and type of exercise executed. Methods: 97 athletic adolescents aged between 14-18 years enrolled in a sport at the national or international level and engaged in that sport for more than 15 hours per week were included in the study. 20 non- athlete adolescents enrolled as control. All the participants were subjected to full history, thorough medical examination and anthropometric measurements including weight, height, BMI. Pulmonary function tests were performed. Results: As regards the anthropometric measurements, there was a significant difference of weight and height between water polo and both other sports and non-athletes. Moreover, there was a significant difference in BMI between water polo and non-athletes. In pulmonary functions, we detected a significant difference regarding forced vital capacity between both water polo and other sports vs non-athletes. Conclusion: Regular exercises impacted pulmonary capacity and different morphological characterization and it is sport type dependent.
Zanthoxylum acanthopodium: Microscopic, Chemical Characteristic, and anti- Enterococcus faecalis Effectivity of Fruit and Leaves Ethanol Extract
Authors: Rahmasari Ratika , Reynaldi Galang , Forestrania Roshamur , Puspitasari Nuraini , Elya Berna
Published: July 2023

Oral and dental problems caused by microbial infections are one of the global health problems which reduce the quality of life for those affected. Enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive bacterium, linked to oral cavity infections, which are usually managed by chlorhexidine as an oral antiseptic. However, there is a concern related to the occurrence of its resistance. Zanthoxylum acanthopodium has been reported to have antimicrobial activity, but its activity against E. faecalis has not yet been known. This research aims to observe microscopic characteristics by scanning electron microscopic, determining total flavonoid content, and identifying anti-E. faecalis effectiveness of fruit and leaf of Z. acanthopodium ethanol extract. Microscopic evaluation confirmed the presence of the epicarp and mesocarp in fruits, meanwhile three different forms of calcium oxalate existed in its leaf. Further evaluation showed that fruit ethanol extract (flavonoid content of 20.84 mg EQ/g) did not exhibit activity against E. faecalis. However, leaf ethanol extract (flavonoid content of 131.73 mg EQ/g) showed activity against E. faecalis with a coefficient value of 0.4 relative to chlorhexidine. This study demonstrated for the first time, antimicrobial effectiveness of Z. Acanthopodium leaves ethanol extract against E. faecalis.
Derangement in Homeostasis of Neutrophil Elastase and its Inhibitory Systems in Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Kunder Mamatha , Kutty A.V. Moideen , Lakshmaiah V.
Published: July 2023

Neutrophils are the first to infiltrate ischemic brain regions causing the release of Neutrophil Elastase (NE), a pro-inflammatory proteinase. The activity of NE is well regulated by endogenous inhibitors alpha1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) and alpha2-macroglobulin (α2-MG). The physiological balance of elastase and anti-elastase factors is essential to maintain the normal integrity of tissues and an imbalance has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. The present study was designed to determine the plasma levels of NE, α1-AT, α2-MG, and NE–α1-AT complex to evaluate their role in inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke. The effect of homocysteine on the release of elastase from neutrophils was also studied. The study involved a total of 100 subjects (controls =60 and patients=40). Significantly higher mean elastase activity and lower α1-AT levels were observed in ischemic stroke patients than in controls. NE- α1-AT complex and α2-MG levels were significantly increased in the patient group. The in vitro study indicated homocysteine induced release of elastase from neutrophils. In conclusion, homeostasis of NE and its endogenous inhibitors is deranged in patients suggestive of their role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke through exacerbating inflammatory and coagulation processes.
Preliminary Screening for In-Vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Potentials in Whole Plant Fractions of Cayratia Auriculata (Vitaceae)
Authors: Kancherla Nagaraju , Dhakshinmoothi Anusha , Chitra K , Palla Jayasree , Komaram Ravi Babu
Published: July 2023

Failure of natural homeostasis of healthy cell due to hyperproliferative nature of cancer, resulting in stimulation of various genes which are intensively participated in cell cycle, survival, angiogenesis and metastasis. Our study focused on the in-vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic potentials of the whole plant fractions of Cayratia auriculata, a medicinal plant belongs to Vitaceae family. The whole plant material was shade dried and powdered, fractions were prepared by using soxhlet extraction technique with the ascending order of polarity such as hexane < chloroform, < ethyl acetate < methanol. Screening for phytoconstituents in fractions was carried with standard biochemical instigations. Quantitative investigation was done by using different assays such as total phenolic content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, nitric oxide scavenging activity, 2,2 -Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and total antioxidant activity (TAC) to reveal antioxidant capacity. In-vitro cytotoxicity activity on A549 lung cancer cell line was evaluated by (3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazole-2yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) MTT assay. Phytochemical analysis of all four fractions showed the existence of varying degree of secondary bioactive metabolites but methanol fraction exhibited richness in phytoconstituents. Methanol fraction revealed good total phenolic content, potent antioxidant potential in FRAP, DPPH, Nitric oxide scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity in contrast to other tested fractions. MTT assay revealed that methanol fraction C. auriculata has strongest cytotoxic effect towards (A549) lung cancer cell line with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 115.14 µg/ml. The results of present study indicate that different fractions of C. auriculata showed the existence of varying degree of phytochemicals, total phenolic content and dose dependent antioxidant activity. Methanolic fraction revealed richness in phytochemicals, total phenolic content, potent antioxidant, and anticancer property (in- vitro).
High sensitivity optical fiber probe for simultaneous measurement of chloride ions and temperature
Authors: Bi Weihong , Li Xia , Li Yu , Wang Chenxiao , Jin Wa , Fu Guangwei , Fu Xinghu
Published: July 2023

A fiber optic probe for the simultaneous measurement of chloride ions and temperature is presented. The Ag/alginate composite film is used as the reflective surface of the Fabry-Perot interferometer(FPI) and is also a sensitive film for the adsorption of chloride ions. The experimental results show that the Fabry-Perot (FP) response sensitivity is approximately 1.4689 nm/μM as the chloride ion concentration changes from 1µM to 9µM, but the fiber Bragg grating(FBG) is insensitive to chloride ions. When the temperature is changed from 35℃ to 80℃, the response sensitivities of the FP and the FBG are about 0.7nm/℃ and 0.01115nm/℃, respectively.
Impactos do Efeito Filtro-Bolha no Engajamento de Fake News
Authors: Santos Pessoa Luis Yago , Vasconcelos Gusmão Clara , Anselmo Tabosa de Andrade Lucas Daniel , Ferreira Neves Letícia , De Macedo Rodrigues Walter , Camara Maria Amália
Published: July 2023

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar, do ponto de vista jurídico, as consequências que circundam as plataformas digitais que utilizam aplicações de algoritmos conhecidas como “filtro bolha”, que criam um ambiente exclusivo de informações para cada usuário, alterando completamente a maneira com a qual as informações são consumidas. Partindo nossa análise do ponto de vista sociopolítico, demonstrando a tendência natural e psicossocial do ser humano em se desenvolver e exercer suas faculdades intelectuais mediante a necessidade de formação de um coletivo, demonstramos como essa necessidade humana pode ser explorada por provedores de aplicação algorítmica, na medida que intencionalmente induzem a criação de bolhas digitais. Uma bolha de filtro não passa de um estado de isolamento intelectual e reforço ideológico que pode resultar de pesquisas personalizadas, em que um algoritmo de determinados sites selecionam quais informações um usuário gostaria de ver com base em informações fornecidas pelo próprio usuário, como localização, cliques anteriores, comportamento na internet e histórico de pesquisa. Com base no conjunto normativo vigente, pertinentes a compreensão da matéria abordada, infere-se que aplicações de “filtros bolhas” ferem dessa forma o exercício de direitos e garantias individuais, previstos em ordenamento constitucional e normas difusas acarretando em uma responsabilidade civil pelo agravo cometido.
La comunicación de las mujeres y la política en TikTok. Representación, contenidos y mensajes
Authors: Alonso-López Nadia , Sidorenko-Bautista Pavel
Published: July 2023

Desde 2016, la plataforma china de videos de formato corto TikTok viene experimentando un crecimiento sostenido que se vio favorecido a partir de 2020 como consecuencia de los primeros confinamientos radicales por la pandemia de COVID-19. Hoy tiene registrados más de mil millones de usuarios y usuarias globalmente y se posiciona no solo como la aplicación móvil más descargada, sino como referencia de un cambio en la comunicación digital hacia formatos cada vez más estimulantes en lo visual y más condensados en el contenido. Algunas mujeres activas en la política han visto en TikTok una herramienta digital para difundir sus mensajes y conectar con audiencias jóvenes. Con base en un análisis de contenido, este artículo examina los comentarios de 1.295 contenidos en cinco perfiles de mujeres en dicha plataforma que abordan la política desde diferentes perspectivas, ámbitos y geografías, así como en las publicaciones de tres partidos políticos en España en los que se muestran a mujeres políticas pertenecientes a estas formaciones. En general, esta plataforma invita narrativamente a una puesta en escena disruptiva, lúdica y enfocada muchas veces en el entretenimiento, permitiendo que, a veces, usuarios y usuarias difundan comentarios inapropiados o machistas. Sin embargo, los resultados de este estudio sugieren que las comunidades que siguen los perfiles estudiados muestran apoyo y un bajo índice de mensajes machistas o sexistas.
STUDENT MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Burhan Nudin  , Wizarati Awliya  , Yushfi Nidaul Khoiri Erisyah Putra  , Azza Diyanah  , Nilnannisa Alifiyah
Published: July 2023

Student management must be designed and implemented to achieve a predetermined goal. The implementation of student management needs to be carried out optimally by education personnel for the fulfilment of the rights of students. This study analyzes student and classroom management activities at SMPN 1 Ngemplak Sleman Yogyakarta. This Research is qualitative Research using a descriptive-qualitative approach. The data of this study were obtained from interviews, observations, and documentation. The informants in this research interview were several teachers and students from  Junior High School 1 Ngemplak. This Research is located in  Junior High School 1 Ngemplak. The research data were tested using data triangulation techniques. This study shows differences in student and classroom management implementation: before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The performance of student management and classroom management: before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic certainly has challenges that require educators to be more creative in student management and classroom management.
Wege aus der Krise der landesgrenzenüberschreitenden Zusammenarbeit in Norddeutschland
Authors: Mayer Jörg
Published: July 2023

Eine eigenständige Landesentwicklungspolitik der einzelnen Länder in Norddeutschland ist kaum mehr möglich, da Bremens und Hamburgs Metropolfunktionen weit in die Nachbarländer Niedersachsen und Schleswig-Holstein hineinreichen und die Stadtstaaten einige Aufgaben nicht mehr selbständig wahrnehmen können.Eine Möglichkeit zur Überwindung dieser Probleme könnte eine Länderneugliederung sein, die das, was “zusammengehört”, planungs- und verwaltungstechnisch zusammenfügen würde. Sie scheint aber sowohl aufgrund verfassungsrechtlicher als auch politischer Hindernisse z.Z. nicht durchsetzbar.Alternativ wäre aber eine verstärkte Zusammenarbeit in Planungsgemeinschaften sowohl der betroffenen Länder in Landesaufgaben als auch der Stadtstaaten mit ihrem Umland in Metropol-Umland-Fragen denkbar. Für die Zusammenarbeit der Länder wird eine rechtliche und institutionelle Absicherung der bereits bestehenden Gemeinsamen Kabinettssitzungen, für die Stadt-Umland-Zusammenarbeit die Einrichtung von Regionalverbänden vorgeschlagen, die sich an einigen bundesdeutschen Vorbildern orientieren.
Combatting disinformation with crisis communication: An analysis of Meta’s newsroom stories
Authors: Opgenhaffen Michaël
Published: July 2023

This study examines how Meta as a company of various social media platforms communicates the disinformation crisis. Social media platforms are seen as a breeding ground for disinformation, and companies like Meta risk not only suffering reputational damage but also being further regulated by national and international legislation. We consider in this paper the news stories that Meta posted on the topic of disinformation on its own website between 2016 and 2022 as crisis communication, and build on insights from this domain that discuss some key response strategies. In this way, we conclude that Meta’s communication can be seen as crisis communication, and that it uses strategies such as addressing different stakeholders, sticking to key messages when discussing the interventions, and holding itself responsible for finding a solution rather than for the problem of disinformation itself. These insights contribute to understanding how Meta seeks to validate its legitimacy during this ongoing crisis, and how it engages in self-regulation.
The thing that made me think
Authors: Kneile Madlen , Jürgens Till Maria , Christoforakos Lara , Laschke Matthias
Published: July 2023

Given the threatening consequences of anthropogenic climate change, it is vital to modify energy-intensive daily routines to minimize individual energy consumption. However, changing daily routines is challenging due to their abstract, future-oriented nature and the comfort they provide. Interactive technologies can play a crucial role in facilitating this process. Instead of relying on rhetorical persuasion through information and appeals, we propose two design approaches within the research agenda of the MOVEN research group: (1) employing friction to disrupt routines, and (2) advocating for the interests of natural entities using counterpart technologies. Regarding the disruption of routines, we explore the use of humor as a design element to dampen the resulting resistance (i.e., psychological reactance). Moreover, we reflect on the opportunities of counterpart technologies as a new interaction paradigm in the context of sustainability. Finally, we discuss the potentials and limitations of individual behavior change for a holistic, sustainable transformation.
Editorial
Authors: Monsell Alice , Fachel de Medeiros Rosângela , Da Cruz Souza Marco Aurelio , Mattos Brandão Claudia Mariza
Published: July 2023

Editorial