bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEOPLE IN SEARCH OF THEMSELVES
Authors:   Researcher at Tashkent State University of the Uzbek Language and Literature, Uzbekistan, Oripova Nurafshon
Published: January 2025

This article discusses the disclosure of the image of a woman in modern Uzbek literature, in particular in the stories and tales of Nazar Eshonkul. Based on the analysis of several stories of the writer, the image of a woman who is obedient and faithful to her values, depicted in Uzbek literature, is described.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATIONS OF SHAKESPEARE'S SONNETS
Authors:   Alisher Navo’i Tashkent State University of the Uzbek Language and Literature, Uzbekistan, JARKINOVA Tursunoy
Published: January 2025

This article discusses the secrets of the art of translation and the requirements for a translator. Opinions of world and Uzbek scholars regarding poetic translation are analyzed. Direct and indirect translations of Shakespeare's sonnets, considered masterpieces of world literature, and their achievements and shortcomings are listed. The translations of Maqsud Shaikhzade, Yusuf Shomansur, Jamal Kamal are comparatively studied.
MAVIZA IN THE WORKS OF NAVOI
Authors:   PhD student at the Institute of Uzbek Language, Literature and Folklore of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nurbaeva Marvarid
Published: January 2025

This article delves into the significance of pand, nasihat, and ogit, specifically in the form of maviza, within Alisher Navoi's works. It encompasses an analysis of numerous compositions attributed to the poet. In this article, we have made efforts to illuminate our interpretations under the title “Maviza in Navoi's Creativity,” based on the insights of prominent Navoi scholars.
TERMINOLOGICAL DICTIONARIES RELATED TO LINGUISTICS
Authors:   Doctor of Philology (DSc), Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan, Ermatov Ixtiyor
Published: January 2025

This article discusses the attempts to create the first linguistic dictionaries in Uzbek linguistics, the first linguistic dictionaries, the structure of linguistic dictionaries and the provision of dictionary articles in them, and the issues of compiled dictionaries related to the field of linguistics. Linguistics dictionaries serve as illustrative material of the article.
ANTHROPOCENTRIC FEATURES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK PHRASEOLOGY
Authors:   The teacher of the department of English teaching methodology №2, Uzbekistan state world languages university, Uzbekistan, qizi G'anixojayeva Arofat Muxtor
Published: January 2025

This article explores the peculiarity of each language is clearly visible in fixed phrases - phraseology, which are accounted to be an important layer in it. After all, phraseologisms express various relationships between people in a short, concise and effective way. The more phraseologisms are used in a language, the greater the possibilities of that language will be. Phrases that have been created as a result of people’s artistic thinking for centuries are passed down from generation to generation. Phraseologisms become more refined over time, deepening in meaning. Fixed phrases in the language can be mentioned to be a special dictionary. Different aspects of personal life and people’s thinking are expressed in them. At the same time, phraseological units are very complex in terms of semantics and structure, and require deep and comprehensive study in linguistics.
АNАLYSIS ОF TRАDITIОNАL АND MОDЕRN MЕTHОDS USЕD IN TЕАСHING THЕ HISTОRY ОF РЕDАGОGY
Authors:   Аndijаn Stаtе Univеrsity bаsic dоctоrаl studеnt, Uzbekistan, kizi О'rinоvа Shоkhistа Bаkhtiyоr
Published: January 2025

Thе tеасhing оf thе histоry оf реdаgоgy еnсоmраssеs а widе аrrаy оf instruсtiоnаl strаtеgiеs, rаnging frоm trаditiоnаl аррrоасhеs tо mоdеrn, tесhnоlоgy-еnhаnсеd mеthоds. This аrtiсlе еxаminеs thе strеngths аnd limitаtiоns оf thеsе mеthоds, inсluding lесturеs, tеxtbооk-bаsеd instruсtiоn, digitаl stоrytеlling, virtuаl rеаlity, аnd gаmifiсаtiоn. А соmраrаtivе аnаlysis highlights thеir imрасt оn studеnt еngаgеmеnt, ассеssibility, аnd lеаrning оutсоmеs. Thе findings suggеst thаt intеgrаting trаditiоnаl аnd mоdеrn mеthоds сrеаtеs а bаlаnсеd аррrоасh thаt саtеrs tо divеrsе lеаrning stylеs аnd fоstеrs dеереr undеrstаnding. Rесоmmеndаtiоns аrе рrоvidеd fоr еduсаtоrs tо аdорt а blеndеd mеthоdоlоgy tо еnhаnсе thе tеасhing аnd lеаrning оf реdаgоgiсаl histоry.
TOPONYMS REVEALING THE NATURAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENVIRONMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TOPONYMS OF KUNGRAD DISTRICT)
Authors:   Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan, Saparbaevna Shamshaddinova Saodat
Published: January 2025

Land and water names are a linguistic, historical, and cultural heritage that expresses an understanding of the worldview, lifestyle, customs, and geographical environment of the people who settled this territory. Toponymy is a mirror of people's lives. Our people, absorbed in a nomadic and sedentary lifestyle, were well-versed in the geographical environment, topography of the land, flora and fauna, and demonstrated their mastery in accurately describing them in their native language. The toponymy of the Kungrad district is based on geographical terms that indicate the natural and geographical features of the surrounding environment. The article deals with these issues.
THE PRINCIPLE OF ACTIVE CASE MANAGEMENT IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS
Authors:   Doctoral Student, Higher School of Judges under the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Abdikhalikovna Khusainova Umida
Published: January 2025

The article describes the principle of judicial leadership in the conduct of court cases, the brief history of its formation and scientific views on its essence. The role of the court in the civil procedure changes depending on time and space, therefore, the need to conduct scientific research on what the role of the court is for today is revealed.
THE CONSTITUTION – A GUARANTEE OF A FREE AND PROSPEROUS LIFE
Authors:   Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Termez State University, Uzbekistan, Ramazonovich Mallaev Normamat , qizi Xushboqova Nigora Gayrat ,   Advocacy, 1st-year student, Termez State University, Uzbekistan
Published: January 2025

The article “The Constitution – A Guarantee of a Free and Prosperous Life” analyzes the role of the constitution in society and its significance in protecting human rights. As the primary legal document of the state structure, the constitution plays a crucial role in guaranteeing citizens’ freedoms and rights, regulating the powers of government, and ensuring democracy, the rule of law, and justice. The article discusses the uniqueness of the constitution, its historical development, and its role in ensuring a free and prosperous life in society. Moreover, the constitution regulates relations between the state and its citizens, limits governmental actions, and provides legal protection and fair governance for citizens. The article also examines the role of the constitution in state governance, human rights, social stability, and maintaining prosperity.
RESPONSIBILITY OF LOCAL COUNCIL DEPUTIES AND ISSUES IN ITS IMPLEMENTATION
Authors:   Head of the Department of Continuing Education, Tashkent State University of Law, Uzbekistan, Sadulayevich Avezov Dilshod
Published: January 2025

This article discusses the activities of local council deputies within the framework of Uzbekistan's legislation, focusing on the issues of their accountability, the legal basis for holding them liable, the right to immunity granted to local council deputies, the procedure for early termination of their powers, and other aspects requiring attention.

In addition, the article presents relevant conclusions and recommendations derived from the analysis of the issues related to holding local council deputies accountable.
TRANSFORMING LABOR RELATIONS IN UZBEKISTAN'S CIVIL SERVICE: INSIGHTS FROM INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES
Authors:   PhD student at the Academy of Public Administration, under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Paridunovna Ibragimova Mukhlisa
Published: January 2025

This article delves into the unique features of labor relations in Uzbekistan’s civil service as defined by Articles 30 and 33 of the 2022 Law on Civil Service. It investigates the rationale behind the exclusion of labor contracts for political positions and explores the practical implications of adopting labor contracts for other civil service roles. The study employs a robust methodological framework, including historical-legal analysis, comparative legal analysis, and normative-analytical methods, to examine both national and international practices. Comparative insights are drawn from the European Union, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, and the UAE, focusing on innovative approaches to structuring civil service labor relations. The findings highlight critical areas for aligning Uzbekistan’s labor legislation with global standards and propose actionable recommendations for enhancing transparency, accountability, and efficiency within the civil service framework. The study’s conclusions aim to contribute to the modernization of Uzbekistan’s civil service, offering a pathway to harmonize domestic practices with international norms while addressing specific national challenges. The findings aim to enhance the regulatory framework for civil service and address key challenges in its application.
THE THEORETICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL-LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE JOKARGI KENES'S CONTROL OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KARAKALPAKSTAN'S ACTIVITIES
Authors:   Assistant-teacher of Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan, Sarsenbaevna Naurizbaeva Gulayim
Published: January 2025

This article is dedicated to examining the theoretical and constitutional-legal bases for the Jokargi Kenes's supervision over the activities of the Government of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. It explores the essence of parliamentary control, its role in state governance, and the main functions performed by the Jokargi Kenes. The current legislation of the Republic of Karakalpakstan is analyzed, detailing the normative-legal documents that regulate control and how these norms are applied in practice. The content of the article includes international experiences and comparative analysis, offering recommendations for developing control mechanisms. Efforts are made to understand the significance of parliamentary control in state governance and identify ways to enhance its effectiveness.
DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL MECHANISMS FOR ENSURING THE RIGHTS OF CITIZENS IN ACCESS TO PUBLIC SERVICE
Authors:   Independent Researcher Of TSUL, Head Of The Department Of Legal Information Of The Fergana Region, 1st Degree Lawyer, Uzbekistan, Yursunovna Toshmatova Makhbuba
Published: January 2025

This article Analyzes the issues of improving the constitutional and legal mechanisms of ensuring the rights of citizens in the entrance of public services. Public administration is shown to expand opportunities to participate in the civil service of citizens by strengthening the principles of justice, transparency and equality. The use of electronic platforms is also opened on aspects such as the use of corruption measures, to ensure inclusion and the development of human policy policy in accordance with international standards.
BALANCING THE INTERESTS OF SOCIETY AND COPYRIGHT HOLDERS IN THE USE OF WORKS BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS
Authors:   Tashkent State Law University, Uzbekistan, ogli Yokubov Shukhratjon Vosidjon
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the problem of ensuring a balance between the interests of society and copyright holders when using works by artificial intelligence systems. The author analyzes the risks of uncontrolled use of AI for processing protected intellectual property objects, explores approaches to regulating this issue in foreign countries, and considers various options for limiting exclusive rights in favor of AI. It is proposed to introduce a flexible model combining special exceptions for the non-commercial use of works for the development and training of AI, as well as a mechanism for compulsory licensing in the commercial sphere. The article substantiates the need for a systematic modernization of copyright legislation, taking into account the development of digital technologies while maintaining fundamental guarantees of the rights and interests of authors.
GREEN ECONOMY AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN AGRICULTURE: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors:   i.f.f.d. PhD., dosent, Tashkent State Agrarian University, TSAU, Uzbekistan, Sagdullayevna Dexkanova Nilufar , Odiljonovich Isakov Abidjon ,   Researcher, Tashkent State Agrarian University, TSAU, Uzbekistan
Published: January 2025

In this article, sustainable agricultural activities have a significant impact on food independence, economic independence of the country's regions and sustainable growth of agricultural regions. It is concluded that the use of innovative technologies of the "green" economy in agriculture should be implemented on the basis of state support mechanisms, including raising funds through "green" bonds, as well as the opportunity to participate in targeted events and scientific research.
DIRECTIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF INVESTMENT POTENTIAL OF SMALL BUSINESS ACTIVITY AND ITS EFFECTIVE USE
Authors:   Master of Namangan branch of international university Kimyo, Uzbekistan, qizi Abidova Shahloxon Abdulbosit
Published: January 2025

The formation of investment potential in small businesses is crucial for fostering sustainable economic development. This article explores the strategies and directions to cultivate investment potential and examines the effective utilization of investments within the small business sector. Through theoretical analysis and practical frameworks, we propose approaches to strengthen small business investment capabilities, ensuring enhanced competitiveness and economic contribution.
DEVELOP DIGITAL ECONOMY AND INNOVATIONS IN OUR REPUBLIC PROMISING DIRECTIONS
Authors:   Student, International Agriculture University, LAU, Uzbekistan, Anatolevich Pak Timur
Published: January 2025

The article presents information on the theoretical foundations of the digital economy, new principles of business management, as well as problems arising in the development and application of modern information technologies of the digital economy. The risks of their use in Uzbekistan, artificial intelligence and modern trends in the digitalization of the global economy are also identified.
MANAGEMENT METHODS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS WAYS OF IMPLEMENTATION
Authors:   Assistant, Independent researcher, Tashkent State Agrarian University, TDAU, Uzbekistan, o’g’li Normurodov Sarvar Norboy , Sherdorovna Isakova Nozina ,   Master's degree, Head of the Office of the Chirchik City Council of the Movement of Entrepreneurs and Businessmen-Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
Published: January 2025

This article is devoted to the improvement of management methods and techniques in educational institutions. In the modern era of information technology, the use of innovative and electronic programs finds its place not only in the IT sphere, but also in the education system. The introduction of a single information space of pedagogical educational institutions creates good conditions for the development of the quality of pedagogical education and information support.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SHOWING INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Researchers, dotcent of the “Economics” department of the University of Science and Technologies, University of science and technologies, located at 71 Diydor street, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Mikhliboevich Sharipov Bakhtiyor , Azamovich Eshev Furkat ,   Teacher of the “Economics” department of the University of Science and Technologies, University of science and technologies, located at 71 Diydor street, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: January 2025

The article deals with the main issues of the impact of the development of the tourism sector in the context of innovative activity, as a factor in the interaction of economic potential and management decisions to ensure the implementation of the strategic goals of sustainable development of the tourism sector. Attention is drawn to the urgent need to form a national concept of the level and quality of services in the tourism sector, which has clear goals, meets current problems and corresponds to a number of national and economic characteristics.
ECONOMIC ASPECT OF INNOVATION IN INDUSTRIES
Authors:   Senior lecturer of the department “Economics”, University of science and technology, Uzbekistan, Khairdinovich Komolov Sadriddin
Published: January 2025

In this article, we will discuss the importance of industry in the national economy, innovation in industries is used not only in the production of new industrial products items, but also in the implementation of modern technologies in all aspects of the national economy, in marketing strategies and management processes, and is an important economic factor in increasing economic efficiency. In this article, the economic aspects of innovation in the industry sector were analyzed.
RESEARCH ON ECONOMIC GROWTH USING THE COBB-DOUGLAS PRODUCTION FUNCTION
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of "Econometrics", Tashkent State University of Economics, Uzbekistan, Abduvafayevna Muminova Makhbuba , Oybekovna Aziza Asrorova ,   Faculty of Digital Economy, 2nd-year Master's student in "Econometrics", Tashkent State University of Economics, Uzbekistan
Published: January 2025

This article examines the study of economic growth in Uzbekistan using the Cobb-Douglas production function based on econometric methods. The Cobb-Douglas production model is developed using data on capital, labor force, and energy consumption. The study evaluates the interrelation and efficiency of production factors based on GDP statistical data and three types of indicators affecting it during 2010–2023. This approach is applied to develop essential recommendations for economic growth and strategy formulation.
THE ROLE OF ARTISTIC LITERATURE AND SPEECH IN PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF YOUTH
Authors: . A.T Sobirkhanov
Published: January 2025

The formation of the spirit of patriotism among young people is analyzed, its important aspects are revealed, the role of fiction and oratory in these processes is explained, the advantages of literature and oratory in the formation of patriotism are analyzed in detail.
DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS OF FUTURE SPEECH THERAPISTS
Authors:   Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Teacher of the Department of Speech Therapy, Uzbekistan, Yusupovna Shamsiyeva Sevara
Published: January 2025

The article describes the development of pedagogical skills in future speech therapists, the research and opinions of pedagogues and psychologists are described.
METHODOLOGY FOR IMPROVING THE MORAL AND AESTHETIC CULTURE OF FUTURE TECHNOLOGY TEACHERS
Authors:   Senior Lecturer at the Department of Technological Education at Urgench State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan, Atanazarovna Egamova Anbarjon
Published: January 2025

This article explores the methodology for improving the moral and aesthetic culture of future technology teachers, highlighting its significance in fostering ethical awareness, creativity, and cultural appreciation in technological education. It examines the current state of moral and aesthetic culture in teacher training programs, identifies factors influencing its development, and addresses the gap between existing practices and desired outcomes. The article proposes strategies for implementation, including curriculum integration, practical activities, role modeling, and collaborative learning, to equip future educators with the competencies necessary to balance technical proficiency with ethical and aesthetic considerations. The findings underscore the importance of embedding moral and aesthetic values in teacher education to enhance professional competencies and drive broader positive changes within the education system.
DEVELOPING THE PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE ENGINEERS AT THE UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Senior Lecturer at the Department of Distance Education in Natural and Exact Sciences at JSPU, Uzbekistan, Shirinboyevich Raxmatov Alisher
Published: January 2025

The development of professional competence is a fundamental aspect of engineering education, ensuring that future engineers are equipped to meet the demands of an ever-evolving technological landscape. This article explores the critical components of professional competence, including technical knowledge, practical skills, and soft skills, and highlights the role of universities in bridging the gap between academic training and industry needs. Challenges such as the imbalance between theoretical and practical training, the rapid pace of technological advancements, and deficiencies in soft skills are discussed. The article proposes strategies for addressing these issues, including curriculum modernization, enhanced industry collaboration, and the integration of technology into teaching methodologies. Case studies and best practices demonstrate effective approaches to competence development. The article concludes with actionable recommendations for universities and educators to ensure that engineering graduates are well-prepared for professional success.
MODERN REQUIREMENTS FOR TEACHING DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors:   Independent researcher at the Department of Architecture and Construction, Andijan Institute of Economics and Construction, Uzbekistan, Arifjonovich Isakov Jasurbek
Published: January 2025

In this article, it can be seen from the fields of professional activity that currently there is not a single industry that computer technology has not penetrated. So, in order to produce a creatively thinking specialist who meets the requirements of the time, we first of all set one of the most urgent tasks for teachers -the formation of the ability of a mature expert in his field to apply computer technology on all fronts of his activity. Teaching geometry and perspective drawing highlights the advantages of computer-generated drawings, along with quality, accuracy and ease of use in the production process.
DIDACTIC POSSIBILITIES OF TEACHING ENGINEERING PHYSICS
Authors:   Scientific researcher of Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute, Uzbekistan, Buriboyovna Butayeva Nargiza
Published: January 2025

Forming the distance education system in our country based on new information technology tools, and the creation of modern educational information resources and portals is an urgent issue of further informatization of education.
PROBLEMS OF FORMING AND DEVELOPING CREATIVE THINKING IN STUDENTS DURING GLOBALIZATION
Authors:   A trainee-teacher of Namangan State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan, Islamjanovna Ahmadjanova Muazzam
Published: January 2025

This article presents views on the relationship between intelligence and creativity in many studies in today's era of rapid globalization. One group of researchers taught that there is no connection between them, while the representatives of the second group stated that the level of creativity and intelligence are related to each other.
DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE PROCESSES OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors:   Docent of the Kokand State Pedagogical Institute, philosophy of psychology, doctor (PhD), Uzbekistan, Muqaddasxon Umarova
Published: January 2025

The preschool years mark a crucial period in a child's cognitive development, characterized by significant advancements in various cognitive processes. This scientific article aims to explore and analyze the development of cognitive processes in preschool children. By examining key cognitive domains such as attention, memory, language, problem-solving, and executive functions, this article provides insights into the intricate interplay of biological, environmental, and experiential factors shaping cognitive development during the preschool years. Understanding these processes is essential for educators, parents, and policymakers to design effective interventions and educational programs that foster optimal cognitive growth in preschool children.
METHODS OF SCIENTIFIC JUSTIFICATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL AND CREATIVE QUALITIES IN THE INTEREST OF MODERN PROFESSIONS IN CHILDREN OF SCHOOL AGE
Authors:   Elementary school teacher 56, Baghdad district, Fergana region, Uzbekistan, qizi Kenjayeva Zilola Saminjon
Published: January 2025

This article explores ways in which the information communication field scientifically substantiates the mechanisms of professional-creative competence in schoolchildren. The article analyzes the concept of professional-creative competence and its role in the field of Information Communication. The scientific methodology for the development of professional competence, approaches in the educational system and methods used in the preparation of school students in the field are also discussed. The main goal of the study is to develop scientifically based mechanisms for the development of professional-creative competence for specialists in the field of Information Communication. The results of the article will help determine effective approaches to the training of Information Communication Specialists.
ISSUES OF HARMONIZING NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN TRAINING MUSIC TEACHERS
Authors:   Nordic International University, Head of the "Music education" department, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences (DSc), acting professor, Uzbekistan, Berdiyevich Panjiyev Qurbonniyoz
Published: January 2025

This article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of integrating national and international experiences in the process of training music teachers. The current situation in the education system of Uzbekistan is analyzed, and proposals and recommendations are developed based on the study of advanced practices of developed countries. Methods for improving the professional competence of music teachers in accordance with national values and international standards, as well as the effectiveness of using innovative pedagogical technologies, are shown. The study analyzes the importance of integrating national musical heritage and modern global trends in improving the quality of music education.
THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPING TRANSVERSAL COMPETENCIES OF FUTURE TEACHERS
Authors:   Doctoral student of Andijan State University, Uzbekistan, Abdirakhimovna Askarova Barchinoy
Published: January 2025

Professional reflection plays a critical role in fostering transversal competencies among future teachers. These competencies, encompassing critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and adaptability, are essential for navigating the complexities of modern education. This article examines the theoretical underpinnings of professional reflection, its application in teacher training programs, and its impact on transversal competency development. The study integrates qualitative and quantitative analyses, supported by illustrative examples and tables summarizing key findings.
IMPROVING INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MODERN EDUCATION SYSTEM THROUGH EDUCATION CLUSTERS
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan, Muxammadsobitovich Uralov Dilshod
Published: January 2025

This article examines the issue of increasing the competitiveness of educational cluster subjects. Educational clusters occupy an important place as an innovative platform that combines education, scientific research and production. In Magola, mutual cooperation between cluster participants, use of modern educational technologies and ways to adapt to the needs of the labor market are analyzed. Also, the possibilities of effective use of financial, infrastructural and informational resources in increasing the competitiveness of educational cluster subjects are considered. Practical proposals are put forward to ensure economic interest and adaptation to international standards.
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Head of the Department of "General Psychology" at Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Uzbekistan, Azamatovna Tillashayxova Xosiyat
Published: January 2025

Problems and specificity of using psychological directions in management activity are considered in the article; the directions of applying the psychological competencies of managers in the context of stimulating labor and managing the motivation of employees, as well as to reduce conflict in the workforce.
A LOOK AT THE HISTORY OF BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS OR MOSES
Authors:   Associate professor of the Uzbek-Finnish pedagogical Institute, doctor of philosophy in Pedagogical Sciences, Uzbekistan, Normuhammad Ubaydullayev
Published: January 2025

The emergence and development of the autobiographical genre goes back to the place of individual persons in the pain of man-long pursuit of freedom, his own right, his struggle for erki, in motivating him to move and fight. Since his injury, man strives to realize himself, analyze the cause of events in existence and realize the realities of nature and society, trying to find his place in life. This is the case when a person is interested in how people in the attention of many have walked their life path.
DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES IN FUTURE SPEECH THERAPISTS
Authors:   Teacher Of Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan, Baratovna Zokirova Sarvinoz
Published: January 2025

In this article, the topic of developing professional competencies in future speech therapists represents an important scientific and creative approach aimed at training highly qualified specialists in the field of speech therapy. This article analyzes the process of forming and developing professional competencies of speech therapists. Emphasis is placed on expanding the knowledge and skills of future speech therapists, mastering and applying new methods in practice, and developing competencies necessary for the effective implementation of diagnostic and therapeutic processes. The article covers information on issues such as methodological approaches to speech therapy, the use of innovative technologies and individual approaches. The importance of continuing education and advanced training for the development of professional competencies, as well as taking into account the values of social responsibility and ethics, is also emphasized. This study will have a significant impact on the success of future speech therapists in developing speech and language and will serve to ensure their professional growth.
SCIENTIFIC-THEORETICAL BASIS OF SHAPING STUDENTS' LEARNING MOTIVATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL READING CLASSES THROUGH INDEPENDENT WORK
Authors:   Teacher of Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz, Uzbekistan, Yusupbayevna Turumbetova Aygul
Published: January 2025

Adaptation to the educational process of the primary school environment is a crucial stage for children, as it lays the foundation for their educational and personal development. A number of didactic studies conducted by pedagogic scientists show that among the teaching factors that increase the effectiveness of the educational process, the factor of motivation for learning activities is in the first place, that is, the effectiveness of education is 92% as it depends on motivating learning activities. Anyone who understands human nature at least a little will admit that this is not in vain. Motives are the main driving force of the didactic process. Learning motivational motives, using them correctly and being able to direct them correctly determines the main essence of the content of pedagogical activity. In this article, the psychological features of the adaptation of primary school students to the educational process are discussed in detail.
STUDENT COMPETENCIES ON FREELANCING PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE USE OF INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS IN THE FORMATION
Authors:   Teacher, Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan, Halikov A.T.
Published: January 2025

This article is aimed at suggestions and recommendations regarding the pedagogical conditions for the use of information and educational environments in the formation of students' freelance competencies.
THЕ RЕLЕVАNCЕ ОF DЕVЕLОPING LОGICАL THINKING IN PЕDАGОGY STUDЕNTS
Authors:   Rеsеаrchеr оf Nаmаngаn Stаtе Univеrsity, Uzbekistan, оgli Jоrаyеv Fоzilbеk Аbdulkhаmid
Published: January 2025

Lоgicаl thinking is а criticаl skill fоr pеdаgоgy studеnts, shаping thеir аbility tо аnаlyzе, еvаluаtе, аnd аpply knоwlеdgе еffеctivеly in еducаtiоnаl cоntеxts. This аrticlе еxаminеs thе rеlеvаncе оf dеvеlоping lоgicаl thinking in futurе еducаtоrs, еmphаsizing its rоlе in fоstеring dеcisiоn-mаking, prоblеm-sоlving, аnd instructiоnаl dеsign cоmpеtеnciеs. Drаwing оn thе thеоriеs оf schоlаrs likе Dеwеy, Piаgеt, аnd Pаul, thе аrticlе еxplоrеs hоw lоgicаl rеаsоning suppоrts pеdаgоgicаl prаcticеs, such аs curriculum dеvеlоpmеnt аnd clаssrооm mаnаgеmеnt. It аlsо highlights strаtеgiеs tо cultivаtе lоgicаl thinking thrоugh prоblеm-bаsеd lеаrning, cоllаbоrаtivе еxеrcisеs, аnd tеchnоlоgy intеgrаtiоn. Аddrеssing chаllеngеs likе rеsоurcе limitаtiоns аnd trаditiоnаl еducаtiоnаl pаrаdigms, thе аrticlе аdvоcаtеs fоr priоritizing lоgicаl rеаsоning in tеаchеr еducаtiоn prоgrаms tо prеpаrе futurе еducаtоrs fоr thе cоmplеxitiеs оf mоdеrn clаssrооms.
Pendidikan: Tren Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis melalui LKPD yang Terintegrasi PBL
Authors: Puspitasari Eka , Abdullah Abdullah , Wati Mustika
Published: January 2025

Rendahnya keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa di Indonesia menjadi permasalahan utama dalam pendidikan, yang disebabkan oleh metode pembelajaran yang lebih fokus pada pengajaran berbasis guru dan kurangnya penerapan model yang dapat mengembangkan keterampilan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis tren pemanfaatan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) dan model Problem-Based Learning (PBL) dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis di konteks pendidikan Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan metode analisis bibliometrik dengan aplikasi Biblioshiny, yang dieksplorasi dari tahun 2014 hingga 2024 melalui basis data OpenAlex. Proses penelitian dimulai dengan pengumpulan data dari 742 artikel yang relevan, diikuti pem-filteran untuk memastikan kecocokan dengan kriteria penelitian, yaitu tahun publikasi antara 2014-2024, artikel ilmiah terpublikasi dengan akses terbuka, menggunakan bahasa Indonesia, memiliki metadata yang lengkap, serta berlokasi di Indonesia, sehingga tersisa 232 artikel untuk analisis lebih lanjut. Metode analisis mencakup frekuensi publikasi tahunan, sitasi per artikel, identifikasi sumber teratas, serta analisis kata kunci yang sering muncul. Hasil analisis menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam publikasi terkait LKPD dan PBL sejak 2015, dengan rata-rata pertumbuhan tahunan mencapai 37,87%. Meskipun demikian, terjadi penurunan jumlah publikasi pada tahun 2024, dengan rata-rata sitasi per artikel menurun menjadi 0,22. Temuan ini mencerminkan pentingnya inovasi lebih lanjut dalam penerapan PBL dan LKPD untuk mendukung peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik, terutama dalam konteks pembelajaran abad ke-21.
Analysis of Value Added Tax Treatment Based on Law No.7 of 2021 at PT. YJG
Authors: Hanan Muhammad Syaepul , Hambani Susy , Aziz Ayi Jamaludin
Published: January 2025

Tax is a government levy based on law that is used to finance state needs and improve the welfare of the people. Value Added Tax (VAT) is one of the main sources of state revenue, imposed on the consumption of Taxable Goods both within and outside the customs area. VAT also serves as a community contribution to support development funding across various sectors. This study aims to analyze the application of VAT based on Law No. 7 of 2021 at PT YJG. The study employs a descriptive method, involving the collection and comparison of actual data with theoretical frameworks, leading to an analysis related to the calculation, payment, and reporting of the company's VAT. The focus is on the calculation of input tax, output tax, and VAT reporting in compliance with the provisions of Law No. 7 of 2021, Chapter IV, Article 1. The results indicate that the VAT treatment at PT YJG adheres to the applicable provisions, including the implementation of an 11% VAT rate. Additionally, an analysis of the company's profit and loss report was conducted to assess the impact of the VAT calculation compared to the legal provisions. In conclusion, PT YJG fulfills its tax obligations in accordance with the prevailing regulations.
Relating Scalar Inference and Alternative Activation: A View from the Rise-Fall-Rise Tune in American English
Authors: Sostarics Thomas , Ronai Eszter , Cole Jennifer
Published: January 2025

The rise-fall-rise (RFR) tune in American English has received numerous theoretical accounts to describe its meaning contribution, with a consistent theme being the relationship between RFR and "higher alternatives." However, Autosegmental-Metrical theory predicts three RFR-shaped tunes which differ in the rising pitch accent used (H*, L+H*, L*+H), raising the question of whether different RFR-shaped tunes in fact behave differently. We investigate this question  under the lens of scalar inference (SI). We find that RFR-shaped tunes with different pitch accents behave similarly in offline interpretation, increasing the rate of SI calculation relative to falling tunes. In online processing using cross-modal priming with lexical decision, we find an asymmetry in the processing profile of two RFR-shaped tunes: H*L-H% leads to additional facilitation of the higher alternative, while L*+HL-H% leads to less facilitation. We describe these results in relation to differences in pitch range and discuss how they relate to ongoing debates about RFR.
Experimental Paradigms on Scalar Implicature Estimation
Authors: Qiu Zhuang , Felton Casey , Houghton Zachary , Jasbi Masoud
Published: January 2025

Experimental research on the processing of Scalar Implicatures (SIs) relies on behavioral tasks that purport to measure the rate at which scalar implicatures are computed within an experimental paradigm. Two paradigms, the Truth Value Judgment Task (TVJT) (Gordon, 1998; Crain & Thornton, 2000) and the Picture Selection Task (PST) (Gerken & Shady, 1998) have dominated the experimental pragmatics literature; yet the effects of task choice on implicature rate have remained underexplored. Here we report the results of three studies testing participants in the TVJT and the PST using three different linguistic scales in English: “ad-hoc”, “or-and”, and “some-all”. In the first experiment, the task variation was manipulated within subjects while in the second experiment, it was manipulated between subjects. The third experiment examined a variant of the PST called the Hidden Card Task (HCT) which is increasingly used in the context of priming research (Bott & Chemla, 2016). We found that the estimated rate of scalar implicature computation varied noticeably between different tasks. This suggests that the experimental paradigm itself has a significant impact on our estimates of the implicature rate for a given linguistic scale, and thus, researchers studying scalar implicatures need to carefully consider the effect of experimental paradigms in experimental design and the interpretation of their results.
Social meaning and pragmatic reasoning: The case of (im)precision
Authors: Solt Stephanie , Mühlenbernd Roland , Burbelko Mariya
Published: January 2025

On the basis of a speaker's choice between linguistic alternatives, a hearer can draw inferences not only about facts of the world, but also about the social properties of the speaker. The goal of this work is to investigate how such social meanings arise, particularly in the case where the alternatives in question differ in their core logical or semantic meaning. Taking variation in numerical precision level as a case study, we seek to test the broad general hypothesis that social inferences may be derived via pragmatic reasoning about the needs of the situation, the epistemic state of the speaker, and the reasons for their choice of form. We report on two matched guise studies which demonstrate that the social meaning of (im)precision is sensitive to context and (to some extent) speaker knowledge state, and are correlated with inferred reasons for expression choice, findings which support the predictions of the pragmatic view.
Disambiguating quantity judgements: mass/count and extra-grammatical cues
Authors: Smeman Sven , Smit Maaike , Hampton James A. , Winter Yoad
Published: January 2025

Comparative quantity judgements are a useful probe into the semantics of the mass/count distinction, where count nouns usually trigger cardinal comparisons (more dogs), and mass nouns trigger non-cardinal measurement (more rice). However, exceptions like ‘object’ mass nouns (furniture) and ‘mixed’ comparatives (more gold than diamonds) complicate this pattern. In such cases there is often a mismatch between the mass/count status of the noun and the criterion for comparison, which challenges our understanding of the mass/count distinction and how it affects quantity judgements. We propose that these mismatches reflect a systematic ambiguity, where the mass/count distinction is one of the factors influencing disambiguation. Using a new experimental method focused on ambiguity judgements instead of truth-value judgements, the results support the traditional semantic encoding of the mass/count distinction, with operations of ‘packaging’ and ‘grinding’ triggered by extra-grammatical factors.
Fake reefs are sometimes reefs and sometimes not, but are always compositional
Authors: Ross Hayley , Kim Najoung , Davidson Kathryn
Published: January 2025

The semantics of adjective modification often begins with set intersection,such that [[yellow flower]] = [[yellow]] ∩ [[flower]]. Thus a yellow flower is a flower. Such an account, however, runs into problems for adjectives like fake or counterfeit, which display a privative inference: a fake gun is not a gun and a counterfeit dollar is not a dollar. Moreover, recent work shows privativity cannot easily be encoded as a property of specific adjectives like counterfeit, since e.g. counterfeit watch robustly licenses the subsective inference of being a watch (Martin 2022). We gather judgments on nearly 800 adjective-noun bigrams (of which 180 are novel, i.e. zero corpus frequency), andshow that privativity depends on the adjective, noun and context, and can be manipulated for the very same adjective-noun bigram by presenting it in different contexts. This poses a challenge for theories which fix privativity as a property of the adjective and always use the same method of composition (Partee 2010, del Pinal 2015). Moreover, we find no difference in participant behavior between novel adjective-noun bigrams and high frequency ones, suggesting that the process is nonetheless compositional and not the result of convention or memorized idiosyncrasy. Our results support compositional accounts like Martin (2022) (which modifies del Pinal 2015) and Guerrini (2024), which treat privativity as context-dependent.
Studying the interplay of context and semantic content in the interpretation of adversative conjunctions with eye-tracking
Authors: Cantin-Savoie Ghyslain , Winterstein Grégoire , Foucambert Denis
Published: January 2025

The French adversative connective mais, much like its English counterpart but, takes two conjuncts and indicates that they stand in some kind of opposition. The nature of this opposition is often discussed in the existing literature of adversatives. Using an eyetracking experiment, we look at where and when this opposition appears to be manifested in a sentence reading task, using superiority comparatives sentences that appear degraded without a supportive context, as well as inferiority comparatives that do not seem to require such specific contextual information. We presented participants (n = 28) with four types of sentences, differing in the form of comparative, and in the information provided by the context. Some contexts contained a pivot property to help readers access the opposition of the two conjuncts, while others were neutral in that regard. Eye movements were recorded with a 250Hz Tobii Pro Fusion eyetracker, and mixed effect models were used to analyze the following eyetracking metrics : total fixation time and regression probability for the whole sentences, as well as first-fixation duration, first-gaze duration, regression-path duration, regressions-out and regressions-in for each individual words. Even if the helping context is shown to lower negative acceptability judgment on sentences with mais plus (Winterstein et al. 2014), we found no context effect in online reading processing, finding instead a persisting effect of the less/more dichotomy in all chosen measures, sometimes before fixation of those words, pointing towards a parafoveal effect of the aforementioned dichotomy, which merits closer look in future work.
Analyzing naturally-sourced Questions Under Discussion
Authors: Mulligan Karl , Rawlins Kyle
Published: January 2025

The Question Under Discussion (QUD) framework of discourse has been a highly influential theoretical device in many accounts of various pragmatic phenomena, yet there has been comparatively little work assessing the extent to which the QUD can be reliably inferred from naturalistic contexts. In this paper, we focus primarily on measuring the variability across individuals in QUD inference, while also verifying other related, commonly held assumptions about QUD theory. To this end, we collect QUDs from many theoretically naive subjects tasked with processing a radio interview utterance by utterance. We consider various analyses designed to address the problem of measuring question similarity. Overall, we find that there exists moderate variability among subjects, consistent with possibly the insufficiency of context in determining QUD, or possibly also the simultaneous coexistence of multiple valid QUDs. To more adequately tease apart these possibilities, we also propose additional analyses for addressing the issue of question identity.
A Deep Learning Framework for Multi-Class Skin Cancer Diagnosis: Addressing Class Imbalance and Performance Optimization Through Convolutional Neural Network Architectures
Authors: Haque Md Imamul , Khatun Karima , Rohman Golam , Al Rakib Abdullah , Billah Muhammad Maruf
Published: January 2025

Skin cancer, particularly melanoma, is one of the most fatal forms of cancer worldwide, necessitating early detection for effective treatment. The HAM10000 dataset is used as a standard for skin lesion analysis in this study to use a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to sort seven different types of skin cancer into groups. The dataset consists of over 10,000 labeled dermoscopic images representing various classes such as melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and benign keratosis. The methodology includes preprocessing techniques like resizing, normalization, and augmentation to enhance the diversity of the data and address class imbalance. The Adam optimizer, with a learning rate of 0.0001, trained a custom CNN model with multiple convolutional layers, batch normalization, and ReLU activations. The model’s performance was evaluated across training, validation, and testing subsets, achieving a training accuracy of 98.17% and a validation accuracy of 99.60% after 10 epochs. Evaluation tools, such as a classification report and a confusion matrix, showed high accuracy for common classes like melanocytic nevi but showed mistakes in underrepresented classes like vascular lesions and dermatofibroma. Compared with state-of-the-art techniques like ResNet and EfficientNet, the proposed model demonstrates competitive performance with fewer computational resources. The study emphasizes the potential of deep learning in automating skin cancer detection while identifying challenges like class imbalance and the need for improved generalization. The results show how important advanced augmentation techniques, transfer learning, and ensemble approaches are for making models work better. This research contributes to the ongoing development of reliable, automated diagnostic tools, aiming to improve clinical outcomes and assist dermatologists in accurate and efficient skin cancer diagnosis.