bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisión Sistemática de Programas de Intervención y Prevención de la Violencia Filio – Parental en Niños y Adolescentes
Authors: Molina Espí Miriam
Published: October 2024

Este estudio pretende realizar una revisión de los programas de intervención y prevención en VFP con evidencias de su eficacia. A través de la metodología PRSIMA, se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de estudios publicados hasta el 2021, resultando una muestra de 24 artículos. Los resultados indican que la evaluación de la efectividad de los programas que están en funcionamiento en distintos ámbitos de aplicación es inconsistente. Además, se han incluido programas que trabajan en la línea de la prevención, atajando el conflicto desde los problemas de conducta, un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de este conflicto familiar. Concluimos que hay escasa evidencia sobre programas tanto de intervención como de prevención en VFP que se haya evaluado su eficacia, aunque sí encontramos programas válidos y que se llevan a cabo en diferentes ámbitos. Los resultados expuestos en el presente trabajo suponen un avance y actualización de los datos y justifican la necesidad de seguir focalizando las investigaciones científicas en la evaluación de los programas que se están llevando a cabo, enfatizando en la necesidad de realizar estudios longitudinales que permitan ratificar la efectividad de dichos programas.
Facing the Past, Talking the Future
Authors: Władyniak Ludmila
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of research conducted in the town of Teplice, in the Czech-German borderland. The assumption of the study is that the communicative memory in the region of borderland is a process that involves not only the members of a borderland region, but also documents of memory, in this case visual documents circulating on Internet. This process of creating communicative memory occurs in a hermeneutical triangle that includes the communication / interaction between memory users, memory makers, and visual objects of representation. The meaning of the particular elements of the borderland collective memory is constantly negotiated. The objective of the discussed research is to study the role that communicative memory plays in the cultural, ethnic, and historical borderland.
Jakub Chavalka – Ondřej Sikora (eds.): Nietzsche On Virtue
Authors: Sajvera David
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Jakub Chavalka and Ondřej Sikora.
Zapomenutá skica Josefa Šercla „Čechoslováci v Bulharsku“ (1950)
Authors: Jakoubek Marek
Published: October 2024

The main body of the contribution represents the document (currently deposited in the archives of the “T. G. Masaryk” Czechoslovak Club in Sofia) “Czechs and Slovaks in Bulgaria”, written by the president of the “T. G. Masaryk” Czechoslovak National House in Sofia, Josef Šercl. Šercl’s text offers historically oriented and complex information about the Czechs and Slovaks in Bulgaria, which makes it an important source for the study of the history of their presence in the country. The text is preceded by a short outline of Czech academic interest in Bulgaria and a short biographical note on Josef Šercl.
Člověkoslovec Milan Balabán na cestě k budoucímu
Authors: Tydlitátová Věra
Published: October 2024

Kdysi v již svobodných devadesátých letech jsme jeli s Milanem Balabánem do Švýcarska za Sváťou Karáskem a samozřejmě jsme si vyjeli do Alp, pod samotný Eiger, který jiskřil sněhem a duněl padajícími lavinami. Prošli jsme okolo turistického bernardýna se soudkem a kráčeli po švýcarsky vygruntovaném chodníčku mezi rozkvetlé louky. A najednou se Milan svalil mezi hořce, arniky a fialové astry, hladil hebkou trávu a s pohledem upřeným na azurové nebe plné beránčích obláčků zasněně pravil: „Když už nám Hospodin dává tolik krásy na zemi, může snad být ještě něco krásnějšího v nebi?“
Případ The Freedom Bus
Authors: Nýdrlová Veronika
Published: October 2024

This article deals with the specific project called The Freedom Bus, whose participants help those living in the Palestinian Territories in their unfavourable life situation. Namely, we discuss the project from March 2016. Playback Theatre, a method of applied drama, represents one of the means of reflecting the experience of life under occupation. The important themes that four interviews with people engaged in the project manifest are then summarised by the interpretation of data in second part of the article.
Pierre Hadot: Co je antická filosofie?
Authors: Kružík Josef
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Pierre Hadot.
Odešel Josef Petráň
Authors: Woitsch Jiří
Published: October 2024

Ve věku 87 let zemřel počátkem prosince 2017 významný český historik Josef Petráň. Odešel, ač už po léta vážně nemocen, uprostřed usilovné práce, kterou za obětavé pomoci manželky Lydie v poslední době zaměřoval hlavně na dějiny své alma mater, tedy na jeden z pilířů své celoživotní badatelské i organizační činnosti. Vedle již posmrtně vydané monografie Čestní doktoři Univerzity Karlovy 1848–2015 (2018, s L. Petráňovou), ve které sledoval vývoj pražského vysokého učení i celé společnosti prostřednictvím komplexního rozboru dobových „politik“ při udělování čestných doktorátů, se můžeme v nejbližší době těšit přinejmenším na jednu další popularizační knihu věnovanou opět dějinám UK. Definitivně se tím uzavře poslední dílčí fáze Petráňova neobyčejného díla, započatá monumentální syntézou dějin Filosofické fakulty UK ve druhé polovině 20. století, Filosofové dělají revoluci (2015, s L. Petráňovou).
Dějiny politických pojmů: nové roviny, nové přístupy a nové otázky
Authors: Ira Jaroslav
Published: October 2024

Tento esej vychází z předpokladu, že studium dějin politických termínů, má-li odpovídat současným teoretickým a kritickým standardům, musí brát v úvahu moderní, ale také postmoderní přístupy k jazyku a politice. Podle postmoderních přístupů lze politické pojmy chápat jako nástroje člověka ve sféře moci, ale také naopak jako nástroje moci strukturující lidské možnosti. Tento druhý přístup je přístupem, který historikovi umožňuje identifikovat a sledovat jazykové hranice a definice politična, a tak odhalovat posuny a proměny moci.
Zde navrhuji rozdělit studium pojmových dějin na tři analytické roviny: úroveň izolovaného pojmu, úroveň pojmových vztahů či struktur a úroveň politického jazyka. Na každé z nich se pokusím kriticky zhodnotit možnosti dvou významných škol konceptuálních dějin - tzv. cambridgeské školy (především Q. Skinnera a J. G. A. Pococka) a badatelů spojených s německým projektem Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe (především R. Kosellecka a W. Conzeho) a jejich následovníků -, ale také naznačit alternativní možnosti studia pojmů inspirované zejména genderovými analýzami a post(strukturalismem). V této souvislosti musí být podstatnou součástí nového studia dějin pojmů radikální rozšíření definice pojmu.
Kritické poznámky k "Mýtům kmene Čechů" Dušana Třeštíka
Authors: Šulc Jaroslav , Kypta Jan , Jiřík Jaroslav
Published: October 2024

Diskuse a rozepře
Diskuse kolem knihy Francoise Mayer "Češi a jejich komunismus"
Authors: Blaive Muriel
Published: October 2024

This discussion contribution focuses on three questions inspired by Francoise Mayer´s book. Was the Velvet Revolution really a revolution (and hence: is the Czech exception in Central Europe really an exception?); what can the sociologist do when the historians have not yet done their job?; and can one forget genuine reality, i.e. socio-economic history? The contribution aimed to stress that despite the considerable quality and usefulness of Mayer´s book, any kind of sociology of post-communist society will remain inadequate unless backed by sufficient research in the field of the social history of communist and specifically here the relationship of Czech society to communism. One secondary and negative effect of the lack of such studies is the tendency for current debate (fascinating but rather irrelevant and generally very provincial) on Czech collective memory of the period of communism to concentrate on the question of Czech character or on the question of the "mission" of the Czech historian. But arguably the historian is more useful when actually doing research than when endlessly reflecting on his own character.
Jindřich Růžička, Hubert Gordon Schauer (1862–1892). Žurnalista, kritik a inspirátor.
Authors: Brabec Jiří
Published: October 2024

Recenze
Klaus Schreiner (ed.), Frömmigkeit in Mittelalter. Politisch-soziale Kontexte, visuelle Praxis, körperliche Ausdruckformen
Authors: Rychterová Pavlína
Published: October 2024

Recenze
Bedřich W. Lowenstein, Wir und die Anderen. Historische und kultursoziologische Betrachtungen
Authors: Havelka Miloš
Published: October 2024

Recenze
Milost místo smrti (v procesech s cikány v Čechách první poloviny 18. století) aneb jak nepočítat historii
Authors: Himl Pavel
Published: October 2024

This article is concerned with the persecution of Gypsies in Bohemia in the first third of the 18th century. As in other European countries, in cases where Gypsies had been already formally expelled from a land, Gypsy vagabondage was defined and punished as a capital crime. The article does not forget this normative aspect of the theme, but it nonetheless concentrates on the actual practice of persecution and above all on cases in which condemned Gypsies begged for mercy and their death penalty was in fact reduced to a more moderate punishment. The author also looks at the extensive powers of reprieve that the Prague Apellate Court (in the case of Gypsy vagabondage the tribunal of first instance), was granted by the ruler in the 1720s. Condemned Gypsies were not explicitly mentioned in this context, but there is plenty of evidence that they were not excluded from this practice of reprieve. The article criticises the view of the persecution of Gypsies that is based solely on the quantification of incomplete data in the manuals of condemnation of the Apellate Court. These books not only fail to indicate when the condemned were later reprieved, but also do not allow us to reliably identify individuals condemned. There are examples of one person appearing several times in them, sometimes under different names. It is this misleading quantified evidence that has helped give rise to the idea that the persecution of Gypsies in the early modern period was the first stage of the Gypsy Holocaust ini the 20th century. The article argues, on the contrary, that in relation to persecution the pre-modern differed from the modern state not only in terms of capacity, but fundamentally.
Co reprezentují historické reprezentace?
Authors: Řezníková Lenka
Published: October 2024

The study is concerned with the question of literary historical representations in fiction around 1900 and towards the end of the 20th century. It compares the nature and form of the gnoseological scepticism about the possibilities and meaning of historical knowledge articulated by writers in both these periods. On the basis of a number of texts from Czech, French and British literature the author shows that the genre known as "historical metafiction", which is one medium for the expression of such scepticism, is not just a product of the later 20th century as might appear from the studies by Linda Hutcheon or Ansgar Nünning. Similar reflective texts had been written at the turn of the 19th/20th century, when in the context of the deepening crisis of historicism, writers had expressed a gnoseological scepticism similar to that of contemporary writers influenced by post-modernism. The writers in the early period employed rather different literary strategies, however, and their transformation can be defined as a shift from assertion to performance.
A.J.P. Taylor a jeho The Origins of the Second World War
Authors: Perman Tomáš
Published: October 2024

The article looks at the now already legendary work by the prominent British historian A.J.P. Taylor The Origins of the Second World War. At the tie of its publication (1961) the book challenged the conventional academic view of Hitler that saw him simply as an embodiment of evil, responsible for the Second World War. By contrast Taylor presented Hitler as an opportunist who exploited disputes between the great European powers and strove for dominance in Europe but did not wish to unleash a world war, instead hoping just to provoke a series of short localised conflicts to achieve his objective. The second part of the article is devoted to the extensive discussion that followed the publication of Taylor´s controversial book.
Jana Machačová, Jiří Matějček, Nástin sociálního vývoje českých zemí 1780–1914
Authors: Randák Jan
Published: October 2024

Recenze
Aron Jakovlevič Gurevič, Istorija istorika
Authors: Komendová Jitka
Published: October 2024

Recenze
O středoevropských konstrukcích střední Evropy aneb kde tedy leží střed?
Authors: Havelka Miloš
Published: October 2024

This contribution traces the international (Schorske, Magris, Johnston etc.) and Central European (Kosík, Wandycz, Konrad, Szücs, Kiš, Kundera and others) debates on Central Europe that arose during the 1960s in particular. These were concerned not only with the Central European cultural and artistic heritage, but also with the cultural and political identity of the individual European Nations. The author offers a typology of different mental maps for Central Europe: Central Europe as Intermarium (Poland), Central Europe in the Carpathian Arch (Hungary), Central Europe between Germany and Russia (Czech Republic), nationalistic Central Europe (Slovenia) etc.
Je možné psát jiné než nacionalistické dějiny umění?
Authors: Bartlová Milena
Published: October 2024

The classical, formalist methods of art history seem to be inevitably intertwined with both the "great story" and with ethnic (racial) identifications of the artistic heritage. Even if the categories of "style" and "evolution" can be evaded, this would leave a ground plan in which national state was the basic matrix for writing the kind of coherent art historical narrative still in demand from both the general public and educational systems. Histories of the art of the Central European states, e.g. of Hungary and Slovakia, are burdened by the need to define their object, and not to fall into the trap of nationalism. This is methodologically much more difficult than is generally realised. Possible operations include, in the first instance, suspension of the idea of any essential ethnic regional identity. A necessary caution must be exercised in using the classical art historical methods employed for research into art from "anonymous epochs", since national, ethnic or racial identifications are ingrained deep in their texture.
Český úděl z pohledu konce 60. let
Authors: Mervart Jan
Published: October 2024

This study attempts to capture the origins of the differences in opinion on the fate of the Czech nation which arose in the period known as the Prague Spring in 1968 as espoused by two of the period´s historical actors, based on an analysis of media sources of the time. Though the controversy was unleashed at the turn of 1969 by Milan Kundera and Václav Havel, other important intellectual figures from Prague and Brno, such as Karel Kosík, Jaroslav Střítecký and Lubomír Nový were eventually to join the fray as well. Within the controversy, two basic approaches may be observed, whose antagonistic tendencies arise out of the generational differences of the participants: the first, represented by Kundera, Kosík and Nový, sees the democratisation experienced in the Prague spring as an integral process within a continuum of Czech history and thus exalt it as a singular process bringing Bohemia once again into a world context; the second approach, however, represented by Havel and Střítecký, looks upon the reform with critical skepticism and refutes the so-called "fate of the Czech nation" (which purports to situate Bohemia in the context of world history) as a fictional construct which takes away the individual´s historical responsibility.
Film a dějiny, Petr Kopal (ed.)
Authors: Řezníková Lenka
Published: October 2024

Recenze
Volker Kruse, "Geschichts- und Sozialphilosophie" oder "Wirklichkeitswissenschaft"?, Duk-Yung Kim, Georg Simmel und Max Weber.
Authors: Horský Jan
Published: October 2024

Recenze
Národní kategorie a současná historiografie
Authors: Řezník Miloš
Published: October 2024

This article is concerned with the social and cultural conditions underlying the continuing important role of concepts of national history. This continuing viability means that concepts that are ever more strikingly emerging as an alternative to national histories are actually failing to challenge them and often in fact derive from nationalist categories (regional history as the history of regions within nations and so on). The basic circumstances underlying the demand for national histories continue to be considered problematised, but the importance of national identities for European societies remains one of the decisive factors here. In regard to national histories, therefore, the situation offers historiography an extensive but at the same time very problematic opportunity for the legitimisation of the discipline. The article is focused on European trends specifically since the end of the 1980s with particular attention to Czech historiography. In this context, it then touches on several important discussions and disputes in Czech historiography over the last 15 years.
Jan Křen, Dvě století střední Evropy
Authors: Šima Karel
Published: October 2024

Recenze
Petr Vorel, Velké dějiny zemí Koruny české, díl 7: 1526–1618
Authors: Maťa Petr
Published: October 2024

Recenze
Lukáš Fasora, Jiří Hanus, Jiří Malíř (edd.), Člověk na Moravě 19. století
Authors: Horská Pavla
Published: October 2024

Recenze
Lynn Abramsová, Zrození moderní ženy. Evropa 1789–1918
Authors: Horská Pavla
Published: October 2024

Recenze
Ogorčica Xiphinema index Thorne in Allen, prenašalec virusa pahljačavosti listov vinske trte v vinogradih
Authors: Polanšek Julija , Trdan Stanislav , Širca Saša
Published: October 2024

Virusi na rastlinah povzročajo gospodarsko najbolj uničujoče okužbe, saj je zdravljenje okuženih sadik praktično nemogoče v poznejši fazi rasti, ali pa so uveljavljeni postopki precej dolgotrajni. Med očem skrite prenašalce virusov spadajo tudi ogorčice – majhni organizmi, ki lahko povzročajo velike izgube pridelka. Med takšne ogorčice spada tudi vrsta Xiphinema index. Je glavni prenašalec virusa pahljačavosti listov vinske trte (GFLV) v vinogradih. Vinska trta (Vitis vinifera) je glavni gostitelj te rastlinsko-parazitske ogorčice. S svojim značilnim dolgim cevastim bodalom – stiletom prodre in se prehranjuje na mladih koreninicah. Okužba vinske trte z GFLV iz rodu Nepovirus vodi v postopno izrojevanje vinske trte in pozneje v gospodarsko nekonkurenčnost vinograda. Obvladovanje okužb z GFLV v vinogradih je večinoma omejeno na obvladovanje ogorčic prenašalcev. Vendar pa je njihovo obvladovanje izjemno težavno, predvsem zaradi njihove relativno dolge življenjske dobe in prostorske razporeditve v tleh. Kot najbolj učinkovita ukrepa sta se izkazala kolobarjenje na zemljišču kjer se ta ogorčica pojavlja in praha, a sta ta pristopa ekonomsko neprivlačna, saj je za ta ukrep potrebno pustiti zemljišče pred ponovno zasaditvijo novega vinograda brez vinske trte za več let. V prihodnosti je potrebno pozornost posvetiti področju razvoja novih, okolju prijaznejših in učinkovitejših pristopov obvladovanja virusonosnih ogorčic X. index.
Ločenost v logistični regresiji
Authors: Šinkovec Hana , Kastelec Damijana , Bitežnik Luka
Published: October 2024

Logistična regresija se uporablja za preučevanje povezanosti med binarno odzivno spremenljivko (nek dogodek se zgodi ali pa ne) in množico neodvisnih spremenljivk. Z modelom lahko natančno napovemo verjetnosti dogodka za nove enote, pogojno na vrednosti neodvisnih spremenljivk. Poleg tega ocene parametrov modela, ki jih dobimo z metodo največjega verjetja, lahko interpretiramo kot logaritem razmerja obetov. Kadar so vzorci majhni ali dogodki v kateri od skupin, ki določajo neodvisno spremenljivko, redki, se lahko zgodi, da algoritem po metodi največjega verjetja ne konvergira, ocene parametrov modela pa so posledično nesmiselne. Pojav se v statistiki imenuje »ločenost«. Ker programska oprema problema pogosto ne identificira, raziskovalci ločenost v praksi lahko prezrejo. Dobljeni rezultati raziskovalce lahko begajo ali pa jih napačno interpretirajo. S člankom zato želimo: motivirati uporabo logistične regresije za preučevanje povezanosti binarne odzivne spremenljivke z množico neodvisnih spremenljivk; bralcem predstaviti problem ločenosti na konkretnem primeru; pokazati, kako problem ločenosti premostiti.
Unique Characteristics of Adipocytes in Metabolic Health: Insights and Implications
Authors: Kumar Gupta Jeetendra , Sharma Yati , Wahi Nitin , Kumar Krishan
Published: October 2024

Adipocytes secrete a wide range of bioactive peptides known as adipokines. These factors play a crucial role in the complex network of metabolic control that connects adipose tissue activity with systemic metabolic balance. The intricacy of adipokine signalling networks and their relationships with other bodily metabolic regulators is also highlighted in this study. Although adipokines are necessary for healthy metabolism, the pathophysiology of various metabolic illnesses, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, are associated with their dysregulation. We explored the effects of changes in adipokine function and levels that affect various disorders, providing a detailed picture of the pathophysiology. This review also delves into the potential of adipokine as a metabolic illness biomarker, including its prognostic and diagnostic potential. Moreover, it assesses the potential therapeutic benefits of regulating adipokine activity and explores present and upcoming approaches to target these molecules to enhance metabolic health. Overall, This study emphasizes the many functions of adipokines in several metabolic processes, such as insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, glucose regulation, and inflammation. Additionally, it offers a comprehensive and insightful understanding of adipokines, emphasizing their pivotal role in metabolic well-being and disease.
Submaximal eccentric resistance training increases serial sarcomere number and improves dynamic muscle performance in old rats
Authors: Hinks Avery , Vlemmix Ethan , Power Geoffrey A.
Published: October 2024

The age‐related loss of muscle mass is partly accounted for by the loss of sarcomeres in series, contributing to declines in muscle mechanical performance. Resistance training biased to eccentric contractions increases serial sarcomere number (SSN) in young muscle, however, maximal eccentric training in old rats previously did not alter SSN and worsened performance. A submaximal eccentric training stimulus may be more conducive to adaptation for aged muscle. The purpose of this study was to assess whether submaximal eccentric training can increase SSN and improve mechanical function in old rats. Twelve 32‐month‐old male F344/BN rats completed 4 weeks of submaximal (60% maximum) eccentric plantar‐flexion training 3 days/week. Pre‐ and post‐training, we assessed in‐vivo maximum isometric torque at a stretched and neutral ankle angle, the passive torque‐angle relationship, and the isotonic torque‐velocity‐power relationship. The soleus and medial gastrocnemius (MG) were harvested for SSN measurements via laser diffraction, with the untrained leg as a control. SSN increased 11% and 8% in the soleus and MG, respectively. Training also shifted optimal torque production towards longer muscle lengths, reduced passive torque 42%, and increased peak isotonic power 23%. Submaximal eccentric training was beneficial for aged muscle adaptations, increasing SSN, reducing muscle passive tension, and improving dynamic contractile performance.
Vitamin B12 deficiency in newborns: impact on individual’s health status and healthcare costs
Authors: Ferraro Simona , Lucchi Simona , Montanari Chiara , Magnani Letizia , Tosi Martina , Biganzoli Davide , Lugotti Andrea , Cappelletti Laura , Poli Alessia , Pratiffi Elisa , Carelli Stephana , Saielli Laura , Alberti Luisella , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo , Marsilio Marta , Verduci Elvira , Cereda Cristina
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The identification of vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency in the newborn may prevent neurological damage and a delay in the normal growth. In this study we characterized the incidence of B12 deficiency in newborns, the costs associated to the clinical diagnosis and management, and the relevance to optimize the use of cobalamin biomarkers during treatment follow-up.

Methods

Starting from a continuous case series of 146,470 screened newborns (November, 1st 2021- December, 3rd 2023), the Regional Reference Laboratory for Neonatal Screening identified 87 newborns having altered levels of biomarkers of cobalamin metabolism measured by newborn screening. These subjects were confirmed with a nutritional B12 deficiency of maternal origin by performing the serum B12 measurements and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) both on the newborns and respective mothers. A cost analysis was performed to characterize the costs/year of identifying and managing B12 deficiency cases.

Results

At baseline, median (interquartile range) serum B12 levels of 185.0 (142.3–246.0) ng/L and threefold increased plasma Hcy concentrations above the normal level confirmed a severe condition of deficiency in the newborns. After intramuscular B12 supplementation, serum B12 measured at the first follow up visit showed a fivefold increase, and the levels of Hcy returned to normal. From the healthcare perspective, the costs for diagnosing and managing all newborns with B12 deficiency is 188,480 €/year.

Conclusions

Preventing B12 depletion in newborns lowers healthcare costs and likely improves their health outcomes. Further studies are however required to address the clinical pathway to identify, treat and monitor pregnant women with marginal and low B12 status, in order to achieve these goals.
Assessment of diagnostic value of unilateral systematic biopsy combined with targeted biopsy in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer
Authors: Wu Jian , Xu Guang , Xiang Lihua , Guo Lehang , Wang Shuai , Dong Lin , Sun Liping
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This retrospective study assessed the diagnostic accuracy of targeted biopsy (TB) and unilateral systematic biopsy in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in 222 men with single magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System [PI-RADS] ≥ 3).

Methods

Patients underwent multiparametric MRI and MRI/ultrasound fusion TB and 12-needle standard biopsy (SB) from September 2016 to June 2021. The study compared the diagnostic performance of TB + iSB (ipsilateral), TB + contralateral system biopsy (cSB) (contralateral), and TB alone for csPCa using the χ
2 test and analysis of variance.

Results

Among 126 patients with csPCa (ISUP ≥ 2), detection rates for TB + iSB, TB + cSB, and TB were 100, 98.90, and 100% for lesions, respectively. TB + iSB showed the highest sensitivity and negative predictive value. No significant differences in accuracy were found between TB + iSB and the gold standard for type 3 lesions (P = 1). For types 4–5, detection accuracy was comparable across methods (P = 0.314, P = 0.314, P = 0.153). TB had the highest positive needle count rate, with TB + iSB being second for type 3 lesions (4.08% vs 6.57%, P = 0.127).

Conclusion

TB + iSB improved csPCa detection rates and reduced biopsy numbers, making it a viable alternative to TB + SB for single MRI lesions.
Significance of negative cervical cytology and positive HPV in the diagnosis of cervical lesions by colposcopy
Authors: Zhang Changhong , Dong Liu , Liu Kejie , Xiao Hong , Si Hao , Wang Xiaoqin , Wang Hui
Published: October 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of colposcopy in diagnosing cervical lesions when negative cervical cytology is combined with positive human papillomavirus (HPV).

Methods

Overall, 370 patients with cervical epithelial lesions who had negative cervical fluid-based cytology combined with positive HPV results were selected and analysed for severity of cervical lesions and HPV distribution.

Results

Among the patients with cervical lesions, 242 had a single HPV infection, and 128 cases had multiple infections. No significant difference was found between HPV single infection and multiple infections in both groups of patients with cervical lesions (P > 0.05). Furthermore, 137 had non-HPV 16 and 18, accounting for 37.30% of all the patients with cervical lesions. Among them, HPV 52, 58, and 33 infections were the most common at 38.69, 30.66 and 29.20%, respectively – significantly higher than other high-risk HPV types (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

High-risk HPV testing is crucial in patients with negative cervical fluid-based cytology combined with positive HPV results. Patients with HPV 16 and 18 and those with simple HPV 52, 58, and 33 infections should undergo timely colposcopy.
Combined use of improved maize hybrids and nitrogen application increases grain yield of maize, under natural Striga hermonthica infestation
Authors: Solomon Reuben , Kamara Alpha Y. , Aliyu Kamaluddin T. , Ademulegun Temitope D. , Mohammed Ibrahim B. , Tofa Abdullahi I. , Omoigui Lucky. O. , Adeleke Musibau A.
Published: October 2024

Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth infestation is one of the major constraints to maize production in the Nigeria savannas. The application of nitrogen fertilizer to Striga-resistant hybrids may reduce Striga infection and increase grain yields. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of six maize hybrids at low (30 kg ha−1) and high (120 kg ha−1) nitrogen application under natural infestation with Striga in northern Nigeria in 2014 and 2015. The two nitrogen rates and the six hybrids were arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. The nitrogen treatment was assigned to the main plot while the maize hybrids were assigned to the subplot. Data were collected on number of emerged Striga plants, Striga damage score, total dry matter and grain yield. Results showed that the application of nitrogen at 120 kg ha−1 reduced the number of Striga plants by 58% compared to application at 30 kg N ha−1 in Kafin Madaki and by 48% in Tudun Wada. Nitrogen application at 120 kg N ha−1 also reduced Striga damage rating by 22% in Kafin Madaki and by 33% in Tudun Wada. Both the commercial hybrid (OBASUPER 1) and the susceptible hybrid (8338-1) exhibited higher Striga damage ratings compared to the new hybrids at both locations. Grain yield was 86 and 98% higher in Kafin Madaki and Tudun Wada, respectively, when N was applied at 120 kg N ha−1 than at 30 kg N ha−1. The hybrids M1124-3 and M1227-14 produced grain yields that were significantly higher than those of the other hybrids in all locations. Our results showed that the application of 120 kg N ha−1 to Striga-resistant maize hybrids will reduce Striga infection and increase grain yield.
Psychometric evaluation of the Danish version of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire in patients with subacute and chronic low back pain
Authors: Errebo Mette , Oxfeldt Martin , Tegner Heidi , Christensen Jan
Published: October 2024

Objective

The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) is a widely used patient-reported outcome measure designed to assess the level of pain self-efficacy in patients with low back pain (LBP). Although the PSEQ has been translated into Danish, its measurement properties remain unknown in patients with subacute and chronic LBP in Danish outpatient clinics. The aim of this study was to investigate the construct validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and measurement error of the Danish version of the PSEQ in a group of Danish patients with subacute and chronic LBP in a hospital outpatient setting.

Methods

Patients with LBP referred to two Danish outpatient clinics were recruited for this study. Two days after the consultation, the participants were emailed a link to a survey that included the following outcome measures: the PSEQ, the Oswestry Disability Index, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. Five days after completion of the survey, a new survey that included the PSEQ was sent to the participants.

Results

In total, 109 participants were included for the analysis of construct validity and internal consistency, with 94 participants included for the analysis of test–retest reliability and measurement error. Construct validity was found to be high and internal consistency was acceptable, with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91–0.93). Test–retest reliability was found to be good, with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2.1) of 0.89 (95% CI = 0.82–0.92). The standard error of measurement was calculated to be 4.52 and the smallest detectable change was 12.5 points.

Conclusions

The Danish version of the PSEQ showed acceptable measurement properties in terms of construct validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability in a group of patients with subacute and chronic LBP. However, further studies are needed to investigate other aspects of the measurement properties.
Tőzsdei anomáliák meglétének vizsgálata a Budapesti Értéktőzsdén
Authors: BIDLÓ Eszter Bíborka , SZABÓ Dávid Zoltán
Published: October 2024

A viselkedési pénzügyek szerint a befektetőket az érzelmeik is befolyásolják, nem racionálisan döntenek, ezzel magyarázatot szolgáltatva a tőzsdei anomália jelenségére. A tanulmányban a naptárhatás és az időjárás hatásának a meglétét vizsgáltuk 1991 és 2022 között a BUX indexen általános lineáris modell, dekompozíciós modell, valamint aszimmetrikus GJR-GARCH modell segítségével. A hónapforduló és az újév hatása statisztikailag szignifikánsan jelen van a magyar tőzsdén. Továbbá az OTP, a MOL és a Richter részvények napon belüli kereskedésének vizsgálata során arra jutottunk, hogy az egyes órák közötti forgalom jelentős mértékben eltér, így igazolható a nemzetközi tőkepiacokon is megfigyelt ebédszüneti és záróóra anomália. További eredmények azt is feltárják, hogy az esős napokon jelentősen alacsonyabb tőzsdei forgalom volt megfigyelhető a magyar tőzsdén. A cikk alapján tehát érdemes figyelembe venni a viselkedési torzításokat a magyar tőzsdén való befektetések tervezésekor.
Kernels of Motor Memory Formation: Temporal Generalization in Bimanual Adaptation
Authors: Howard Ian S. , Franklin Sae , Franklin David W.
Published: October 2024

In daily life, we coordinate both simultaneous and sequential bimanual movements to manipulate objects. Our ability to rapidly account for different object dynamics suggests there are neural mechanisms to quickly deal with them. Here we investigate how actions of one arm can serve as a contextual cue for the other arm and facilitate adaptation. Specifically, we examine the temporal characteristics that underlie motor memory formation and recall, by testing the contextual effects of prior, simultaneous, and post contralateral arm movements in both male and female human participants. To do so, we measure their temporal generalization in three bimanual interference tasks. Importantly, the timing context of the learned action plays a pivotal role in the temporal generalization. While motor memories trained with post adaptation contextual movements generalize broadly, motor memories trained with prior contextual movements exhibit limited generalization, and motor memories trained with simultaneous contextual movements do not generalize to prior or post contextual timings. This highlights temporal tuning in sensorimotor plasticity: different training conditions yield substantially different temporal generalization characteristics. Since these generalizations extend far beyond any variability in training times, we suggest that the observed differences may stem from inherent differences in the use of prior, current, and post adaptation contextual information in the generation of natural behavior. This would imply differences in the underlying neural circuitry involved in learning and executing the corresponding coordinated bimanual movements.
A “Conscious” Loss of Balance: Directing Attention to Movement Can Impair the Cortical Response to Postural Perturbations
Authors: Parr Johnny V. V. , Mills Richard , Kal Elmar , Bronstein Adolfo M. , Ellmers Toby J.
Published: October 2024

“Trying too hard” can interfere with skilled movement, such as sports and music playing. Postural control can similarly suffer when conscious attention is directed toward it (“conscious movement processing”; CMP). However, the neural mechanisms through which CMP influences balance remain poorly understood. We explored the effects of CMP on electroencephalographic (EEG) perturbation-evoked cortical responses and subsequent balance performance. Twenty healthy young adults (age = 25.1 ± 5 years; 10 males and 10 females) stood on a force plate-embedded moveable platform while mobile EEG was recorded. Participants completed two blocks of 50 discrete perturbations, containing an even mix of slower (186 mm/s peak velocity) and faster (225 mm/s peak velocity) perturbations. One block was performed under conditions of CMP (i.e., instructions to consciously control balance), while the other was performed under “Control” conditions with no additional instructions. For both slow and fast perturbations, CMP resulted in significantly smaller cortical N1 signals (a perturbation-evoked potential localized to the supplementary motor area) and lower sensorimotor beta EEG activity 200–400 ms postperturbation. Significantly greater peak velocities of the center of pressure (i.e., greater postural instability) were also observed during the CMP condition. Our findings provide the first evidence that disruptions to postural control during CMP may be a consequence of insufficient cortical activation relevant for balance (i.e., insufficient cortical N1 responses followed by enhanced beta suppression). We propose that conscious attempts to minimize postural instability through CMP acts as a cognitive dual-task that dampens the sensitivity of the sensorimotor system for future losses of balance.
Haploinsufficiency ofSyngap1in Striatal Indirect Pathway Neurons Alters Motor and Goal-Directed Behaviors in Mice
Authors: Haetzel Laura M. , Iafrati Jillian , Cording Katherine R. , Farhan Mahmoud , Noveir Sasan D. , Rumbaugh Gavin , Bateup Helen S.
Published: October 2024

SYNGAP1is a high-confidence autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk gene, and mutations inSYNGAP1lead to a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) that presents with epilepsy, ASD, motor developmental delay, and intellectual disability.SYNGAP1codes for Ras/Rap GTP-ase activating protein SynGAP (SynGAP). SynGAP is located in the postsynaptic density of glutamatergic synapses and regulates glutamate receptor trafficking in an activity-dependent manner. In addition to forebrain glutamatergic neurons,Syngap1is highly expressed in the striatum, although the functions of SynGAP in the striatum have not been extensively studied. Here we show thatSyngap1is expressed in both direct and indirect pathway striatal projection neurons (dSPNs and iSPNs) in mice of both sexes. In a mouse model ofSyngap1haploinsufficiency, dendritic spine density, morphology, and intrinsic excitability are altered primarily in iSPNs, but not dSPNs. At the behavioral level, SynGAP reduction alters striatal-dependent motor learning and goal-directed behavior. Several behavioral phenotypes are reproduced by iSPN-specificSyngap1reduction and, in turn, prevented by iSPN-specificSyngap1rescue. These results establish the importance of SynGAP to striatal neuron function and pinpoint the indirect pathway as a key circuit in the neurobiology ofSYNGAP1-related NDD.
Decoding the Temporal Structures and Interactions of Multiple Face Dimensions Using Optically Pumped Magnetometer Magnetoencephalography (OPM-MEG)
Authors: Xu Wei , Lyu Bingjiang , Ru Xingyu , Li Dongxu , Gu Wenyu , Ma Xiao , Zheng Fufu , Li Tingyue , Liao Pan , Cheng Hao , Yang Rui , Song Jingqi , Jin Zeyu , Li Congcong , He Kaiyan , Gao Jia-Hong
Published: October 2024

Humans possess a remarkable ability to rapidly access diverse information from others’ faces with just a brief glance, which is crucial for intricate social interactions. While previous studies using event-related potentials/fields have explored various face dimensions during this process, the interplay between these dimensions remains unclear. Here, by applying multivariate decoding analysis to neural signals recorded with optically pumped magnetometer magnetoencephalography, we systematically investigated the temporal interactions between invariant and variable aspects of face stimuli, including race, gender, age, and expression. First, our analysis revealed unique temporal structures for each face dimension with high test–retest reliability. Notably, expression and race exhibited a dominant and stably maintained temporal structure according to temporal generalization analysis. Further exploration into the mutual interactions among face dimensions uncovered age effects on gender and race, as well as expression effects on race, during the early stage (∼200–300 ms postface presentation). Additionally, we observed a relatively late effect of race on gender representation, peaking ∼350 ms after the stimulus onset. Taken together, our findings provide novel insights into the neural dynamics underlying the multidimensional aspects of face perception and illuminate the promising future of utilizing OPM-MEG for exploring higher-level human cognition.
LA JUSTIFICACIÓN DE LAS DECISIONES NORMATIVAS
Authors: Barragán Julia
Published: October 2024

Con más frecuencia de lo deseable vemos que algunos decisores normativos, muchas veces (aunque no siempre) sin una segunda intención, consideran plenamente justificadas sus decisiones porque ellas atacan un problema real que afecta a la sociedad cuya existencia se documenta con hechos veraces que no parecen discutibles. Asimismo, la autoridad normativa se afirma aún más en su creencia porque su decisión está correctamente encuadrada en el marco legal vigente, y hace un uso razonable de los recursos. De manera sutil, la justificación de la decisión normativa se ha deslizado a la que es propia de las decisiones individuales.
El justificar las decisiones normativas en base a conceptos y heurística propios de las decisiones individuales no solo atenta contra el propósito optimizador que es el objetivo de toda decisión, sino que golpea duramente la transparencia, propiedad fundamental para el ejercicio de la función de control que protege el balance democrático. Esta es una consecuencia mayor que no puede dejar de preocupar.
A partir de esa preocupación, mediante el análisis de las características que son propias de cada tipo de decisión, se describirán los mecanismos específicos idóneos para construirlas, y justificarlas, lo que a su vez permite mostrar las diversas formas que asume la racionalidad.
El concepto de isomorfismo entre la forma lógica de los problemas y la estructura del modelo teórico que pretende justificarlos acompaña, como telón de fondo, la semántica del análisis.
Considerando la complejidad inherente a las decisiones normativas, su construcción y justificación siempre se moverán en un entorno probabilístico/condicional que adicionalmente se lleva muy bien con el ethos democrático.
Effects of Industrial Diversity on Economic Stability: A Panel GARCH Process to Predict Economic Stability
Authors: Noor Sajid , Erickson Christopher
Published: October 2024

This paper studies the relationship between industry diversity and economic stability. The economic stability has been estimated using a panel-GARCH model. Our sample consists of US county-level data for the period 2003 to 2017. The results suggest that industry diversity improves economic stability and reduces a region’s unemployment rate. However, this study finds a negative relationship between industry diversity and economic growth. Although diversity negatively affects economic growth, it minimizes income loss when the nation falls into an economic recession. Therefore, we cannot conclude a tradeoff between economic stability and economic growth. It is possible that a region can achieve both stability and growth together through industry diversification. This paper also explores that the effects of diversity on economic stability, unemployment rate, and economic growth may vary between different counties depending on their metro or non-metro status. Thus, this paper suggests that policymakers may choose industry diversification as a strategy to achieve long-run economic stability and precaution against an unexpected economic downturn.
INSTANTANEOUS PRODUCTION GROWTH IN A DYNAMIC ECONOMY
Authors: Villalobos Céspedes Daniel
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to measure the average and instantaneous rates of production growth and to provide new formulas for measuring the contribution to and share of resources in that growth. This is the key idea in a new method of attack as suggested by Cobb and Douglas—as of yet not solved by economic growth theory—to demonstrate that distribution processes are modeled on those of the production of value. We intend to validate the strength of the proposed model by systematizing and analyzing production, investment and employment data from a dynamic economy, i.e., the United States of America, provided by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and the Federal Reserve (Fed) for the years 2012 to 2022, the results of which can be found in the Appendix. We conclude that greater convergence with equity between labor and capital contribution and share in production growth results when the elasticity of its composition  is between ½ and 1. Outside of this range, we see divergence with inequity adverse to labor. Our model could improve the formulation and execution of macroeconomic policies (fiscal, monetary and trade) and promote greater convergence/equity in the contribution to and share of resources in production growth.
Las estrategias de aprendizaje y la producción de textos académicos en los estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Cortez Cuzcano Maria Elena
Published: October 2024

Este estudio es una investigación cuyo objetivo principal es determinar de qué manera se relacionan las estrategias de aprendizaje con la producción de textos académicos, en estudiantes de una universidad pública peruana. La investigación es de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, diseño correlacional. La muestra se constituyó por 200 estudiantes del primer ciclo de estudios generales seleccionada mediante el muestreo no probabilístico; se aplicó la encuesta a través del CEVEAPEU (Cuestionario de evaluación de las estrategias de aprendizaje de los estudiantes universitarios) para la primera variable y para la segunda variable la prueba diagnóstica del desempeño en redacción académica (PDDRA); adaptados a nuestro contexto. Las hipótesis han sido procesadas mediante el método estadístico, coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Se determinó que existe correlación estadística significativa entre ambas variables de investigación en los estudiantes universitarios, sin embargo, se concluye que solo el 13.5% utilizan eficientemente las estrategias de aprendizaje y que un porcentaje significativo de estudiantes presenta dificultades en la producción de textos académicos esto evidencia la necesidad de superar esta dificultad en la educación universitaria.
Rec.: Streikus A. Diplomatas Stasys Antanas Bačkis. Vilnius: Lietuvos gyventojų genocido ir rezistencijos tyrimo centras, 2007. 292 p.
Authors: Šepetys Nerijus
Published: October 2024

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