bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parents' perspectives on provided health care for adults with Down syndrome: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Verstraten‐Oudshoorn Lisette M. , Coppus Antonia M. , de Klein Mieke , Bakker‐van Gijssel Esther J.
Published: November 2023

Background

A comprehensive multidisciplinary medical guideline for adults with Down syndrome is lacking in the Netherlands. In this study, we aim to explore parents' views on multidisciplinary care and identify which aspects of health care they find most important in the context of developing such a guideline.

Method

This qualitative study used semi‐structured interviews. Nineteen interviews were conducted with parents of adults with Down syndrome. The main themes and subthemes were identified from the transcripts by using the framework method.

Results

Four main themes were identified which should be addressed in the guideline according to the parents: parents' support in medical care, patient‐centred care, important medical topics and the organisation of medical care.

Conclusions

This study provides insights into parents' opinions about medical care for adults with Down syndrome. These insights are used in the construction of a guideline to improve medical care for adults with Down syndrome.
The roles of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Yinzhi Deng , Jianhua He , Hesheng Luo
Published: November 2023

Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major complication after partial hepatectomy and liver transplantation and during hypovolemic shock and hypoxia‐related diseases. Liver IRI is a current research hotspot. The early stage of liver IRI is characterized by injury and dysfunction of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), which, along with hepatocytes, are the major cells involved in liver injury. In this review, we elaborate on the roles played by LSECs in liver IRI, including the pathological features of LSECs, LSECs exacerbation of the sterile inflammatory response, LSECs interactions with platelets and the promotion of liver regeneration, and the activation of LSECs autophagy. In addition, we discuss the study of LSECs as therapeutic targets for the treatment of liver IRI and the existing problems when applying LSECs in liver IRI research.
“The price is right” for diabetes management of older adults – Evidence for the closest glycemic target without going over
Authors: Green Jennifer B. , Lee Richard H.
Published: November 2023

This editorial comments on the article by Lipska et al. in this issue.
Malocclusion or laterorhinia: Which one impacts aesthetic facial perception the most?
Authors: Ghiu Iris Trindade de Paiva , Bittencourt Rafael Cunha , Seixas Joana Figueiredo , Machado Ricardo Martins , Motta Alexandre Trindade , Mattos Claudia Trindade
Published: November 2023

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate the perception of facial attractiveness when nose and teeth, together or isolated, present different degrees of disharmony. The secondary objective was to compare the perception of laypersons with that of dentists.

Materials and Methods

This cross‐sectional observational study included 112 individuals (58 laypersons and 54 dentists) that evaluated 6 manipulated images of the face of the same model, scoring their attractiveness using 10 cm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS), with least and most attractive at the left and right anchors, respectively. The images contained manipulations performed only on the nose (laterorhinia) and mouth (misaligned teeth), as follows: (1) standard photograph, with symmetrical nose + aligned teeth; (2) 2 mm nasal deviation + aligned teeth; (3) 4 mm nasal deviation + aligned teeth; (4) symmetrical nose + misaligned teeth; (5) 2 mm nasal deviation + misaligned teeth and (6) 4 mm nasal deviation + misaligned teeth. We used the repeated measures ANOVA test and Tukey's post‐test for intra‐group comparison of the images. The independent t‐test was used for inter‐group comparison of each image.

Results

In the laypersons' group, the highest grades were given to images with aligned teeth and the lowest to misaligned teeth (smallest mean difference = 2.88 cm). For this group, there was no statistically significant difference (P‐values ranged from .988 to 1.000) between scores of the three images in which teeth were aligned (range of 7.70–7.78 cm). In the group of dentists, highest grades were given to images with aligned teeth and the lowest to misaligned teeth. Difference between images 3 and 4 was not statistically significant (P = .204). All other differences between any image of straight teeth and any image with misaligned teeth were significant and the smallest mean difference between the two groups of images was 1.87 (P = .039). However, in the images with aligned teeth, there was also a statistically significant difference with higher scores to the images with symmetrical nose in contrast with those with significant laterorhinia (mean difference = 1.03 cm).

Conclusion

Teeth disharmonies had a more negative impact on the aesthetic perception of the face than did nose deviations, for both dentists and laypersons.
Identification of sources of resistance to Striga gesnerioides Willd. Vatke among cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) germplasm from Togo
Authors: Kondi Yorikoume , Mawuli Aziadekey , Timko Michael P. , Modom Banla E.
Published: November 2023

Striga gesnerioides is one of the major biotic constraints to cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) production throughout West Africa. The best way to control and limit the spread of this weed remains genetic control, but recent works have shown that all cowpea varieties commonly grown in Togo are susceptible to S. gesnerioides. This study aims to investigate the resistance response of cowpea germplasm from Togo to S. gesnerioides. A field test was performed under natural infestation followed by a pots test under artificial infestation. Genotyping was carried out with three molecular markers SSR1, 61RM2 and C42‐2B, known for their linkage to S. gesnerioides resistance genes. The results have revealed three cowpea accessions, TG20_66, TG20_82 and TG20_108, phenotypically resistant to S. gesnerioides. All three resistant accessions have shown the RSG3‐301 resistance gene presence. Potential resistance gene sources to S. gesnerioides exist among cowpea accessions from Togo.
The role of photorespiration in preventing feedback regulation via ATP synthase in Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Smith Kaila , Strand Deserah D. , Kramer David M. , Walker Berkley J.
Published: November 2023

Photorespiration consumes substantial amounts of energy in the forms of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reductant making the pathway an important component in leaf energetics. Because of this high reductant demand, photorespiration is proposed to act as a photoprotective electron sink. However, photorespiration consumes more ATP relative to reductant than the C3 cycle meaning increased flux disproportionally increases ATP demand relative to reductant. Here we explore how energetic consumption from photorespiration impacts the flexibility of the light reactions in nicotiana tabacum. Specifically, we demonstrate that decreased photosynthetic efficiency (ϕII) at low photorespiratory flux was related to feedback regulation at the chloroplast ATP synthase. Additionally, decreased ϕII at high photorespiratory flux resulted in the accumulation of photoinhibition at photosystem II centers. These results are contrary to the proposed role of photorespiration as a photoprotective electron sink. Instead, our results suggest a novel role of ATP consumption from photorespiration in maintaining ATP synthase activity, with implications for maintaining energy balance and preventing photodamage that will be critical for plant engineering strategies.
Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with a sequential scheme of pentamidine and tamoxifen in an area with a predominance of Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis: A randomised, non‐inferiority clinical trial
Authors: Pennini Silmara Navarro , de Oliveira Guerra Jorge Augusto , Rebello Paula Frassinetti Bessa , Abtibol‐Bernardino Marília Rosa , de Castro Luigui Lima , da Silva Balieiro Antonio Alcirley , de Oliveira Ferreira Cynthia , Noronha Ariani Batista , dos Santos da Silva Camila Gurgel , Leturiondo André Luiz , Vital de Jesus Denison , de Araújo Santos Felipe Jules , Chrusciak‐Talhari Anette , Guerra Maria Das Graças Vale Barbosa , Talhari Sinésio
Published: November 2023

Objective

To determine whether a combination of a single intramuscular (IM) dose of pentamidine (7 mg/kg) followed by oral tamoxifen 40 mg/day for 20 days is non‐inferior to three IM doses of pentamidine 7 mg/kg in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with a margin of 15%.

Methods

Phase II, randomised, controlled, open‐label, non‐inferiority clinical trial. Primary outcome was the complete healing of the lesions 6 months after starting treatment. Secondary outcomes were healing 3 months after starting treatment and determining the presence and severity of adverse effects (AE).

Results

The research was concluded with 49 patients; Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis was the most frequent species isolated. In the primary outcome, 18 (72%) (95% CI: 52.4%–85.7%) of the 25 patients allocated to the intervention group and 24 (100%) (95% CI: 86.2%–100%) of the control group (p = 0.015) met the established criteria of cure. There was no AE with tamoxifen.

Conclusion

Although a 72% cure rate presented by the combination of tamoxifen and pentamidine was lower than in the control group that achieved a 100% cure, it is still a safe and is a clinically relevant result. It indicates that the therapeutic scheme evaluated may be a promising option for populations in remote areas, however it should be further studied, in order to include a larger number of patients.
Analyzing the Critical Factors in Aircraft Maintenance That Affect Low-Cost Airlines in Thailand
Authors: Thianthong Tawan , Rukluea Paitoon , Tanthong Nipont , Lakkhongkha Kritsana , Phinijphara Saran
Published: November 2023

This study offers an in-depth examination of salient factors pivotal to aircraft maintenance management. Through a rigorous statistical methodology, critical variables—namely, flexibility, cost control, and service quality and delivery—were discerned as cardinal elements in efficacious management within this domain.The constructed model demonstrated formidable statistical validity, solidifying its utility as a potent instrument for both evaluation and strategic guidance within the aviation milieu. The relative weights ascribed to each variable shed light on their hierarchical significance, furnishing actionable insights for organizations in their quest for operational enhancement. For the rigorous scrutiny and validation of such statistical models, a repertoire of goodness-of-fit indices is paramount. To this end, the current study leveraged a myriad of indices including the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Normed Fit Index (NFI), Incremental Fit Index (IFI), and Root Mean Square Residual (RMR).Nonetheless, it is prudent to recognize the potential variances in the weightages and salience of these variables across diverse organizational landscapes and contexts. This underscores the necessity for bespoke adaptations to cater to unique organizational exigencies. Cumulatively, this investigation augments the existing corpus of knowledge on aircraft maintenance management, proffering a robust quantitative scaffold for aviation entities to streamline operations, institute cost efficiencies, and uphold service excellence.
Nonlinear Temperature Control of Additive Friction Stir Deposition Evaluated on an Echo State Network
Authors: Merritt Glen R. , Cousin Christian A. , Yoon Hwan-Sik
Published: November 2023

Additive friction stir deposition is a recent innovation in additive manufacturing allowing the deposition of metallic alloys onto a metallic deposit bed, creating a purely mechanical metallic bond. The deposition can be done in a layer-by-layer manner, and the purely mechanical process eliminates the need for high energy consumption and can be deposited at a much higher rate than beam-based welding. The mechanical nature of the process allows the bonding of dissimilar alloys and a reduction in size of the heat-affected zone. The additive friction stir deposition process is difficult to model and existing literature has focused on numerical analysis, which is not amenable to online closed-loop control. In this work, a form of reservoir computing called an echo state network is used to model the additive friction stir deposition process from online process data, and validation is performed on a reserved dataset. Subsequently, a model-free controller using Lyapunov-derived combination of the robust integral of the sign error, and a single hidden layer neural network design is developed to control the additive friction stir deposition process. Control efficacy is given by way of a Lyapunov analysis which shows the system is globally exponentially stable, and simulation results with the echo state networks. Stability proof shows that under one assumption, the controller can be extrapolated to the real system. The mean squared error of the tracking result using the controller and echo state network simulation is 2.05 °C.
Closed-Loop Control and Plant Co-Design of a Hybrid Electric Unmanned Air Vehicle
Authors: Aksland Christopher T. , Clark Daniel L. , Lupp Christopher A. , Alleyne Andrew G.
Published: November 2023

Novel conceptual aircraft designs have been enabled by more electrified aircraft components providing enhanced capability and versatility. Through the advancement of multidisciplinary design optimization, control co-design methods have become a popular approach for system design conceptualization wherein the plant and control actions are designed simultaneously to account for the coupling between vehicle subsystems and power management systems. Many prior efforts have focused on open-loop control co-design that can later be adapted for a more realistic operating case. This work focuses on the development and scalability of closed-loop control co-design that would result in a physically realizable plant and closed-loop control law. The theoretical approach is demonstrated practically through the design of a hybrid electric unmanned air vehicle and two feedback controllers that operate the hybrid power split and propulsion system. The system is designed to complete a dynamic seven phase mission consisting of multiple cruise, dash, engage, dive, and climb segments as quickly as possible. Given the scale of the dynamic design problem, a convergence study is introduced that facilitates accurate and computationally tractable design optimization studies. The study is conducted for independent, sequential, and simultaneous design approaches. The results indicate high-speed motors, high voltage batteries, and responsive control gains result in a fast vehicle with high thrust-to-weight ratio. The simultaneous design solution had the best closed-loop performance, outclassing a baseline system design by over 30%.
Effect of Microstructure on the Machinability of Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composites: A Novel Explainable Machine Learning (XML) Approach
Authors: Ma Qiyang , Zhong Yuhao , Wang Zimo , Bukkapatnam Satish
Published: November 2023

Natural fiber-reinforced plastic (NFRP) composites are ecofriendly and biodegradable materials that offer tremendous ecological advantages while preserving unique structures and properties. Studies on using these natural fibers as alternatives to conventional synthetic fibers in fiber-reinforced materials have opened up possibilities for industrial applications, especially for sustainable manufacturing. However, critical issues reside in the machinability of such materials because of their multiscale structure and the randomness of the reinforcing elements distributed within the matrix basis. This paper reports a comprehensive investigation of the effect of microstructure heterogeneity on the resultant behaviors of cutting forces for NFRP machining. A convolutional neural network (CNN) links the microstructural reinforcing fibers and their impacts on changing the cutting forces (with an estimated R-squared value over 90%). Next, a model-agnostic explainable machine learning approach is implemented to decipher this CNN black-box model by discovering the underlying mechanisms of relating the reinforcing elements/fibers’ microstructures. The presented xml approach extracts physical descriptors from the in-process monitoring microscopic images and finds the causality of the fibrous structures’ heterogeneity to the resultant machining forces. The results suggest that, for the heterogeneous fibers, the tightly and evenly bounded fiber elements (i.e., with lower aspect ratio, lower eccentricity, and higher compactness) strengthen the material and thereafter play a significant role in increasing the cutting forces during NFRP machining. Therefore, the presented framework of the explainable machine learning approach opens an opportunity to discover the causality of material microstructures on the resultant process dynamics and accurately predict the cutting behaviors during material removal processes.
Modeling of microtrenching and bowing effects in nanoscale Si inductively coupled plasma etching process
Authors: Hu Ziyi , Shao Hua , Li Junjie , Lai Panpan , Wang Wenrui , Li Chen , Yan Qi , He Xiaobin , Li Junfeng , Yang Tao , Chen Rui , Wei Yayi
Published: November 2023

Plasma etching effects, such as microtrenching and bowing, negatively impact device performance. Modeling of these effects at nanoscale is challenging, and theoretical and experimental investigations are highly desired to gain insights into mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a new plasma etching model based on Monte Carlo simulations with a cellular method. This model considers reactions and ion-enhanced etching and consists of a novel particle reflection algorithm, which is a key factor impacting the etch profile. This model reproduces the adjustable microtrenching and bowing effects in periodic dense trenches with tens of nanometer dimensions. We conduct experiments of Si etching by Cl2 and validate the model by comparing the simulated profile with cross-sectional scanning electron microscope images. This work enables a potential physical model driven process emulation tool toward design technology co-optimization.
“Post or Perish”? An Early Career Researcher’s Guide to Using Social Media
Authors: Cowley Emma S. , McNulty Kelly , Fairman Ciaran M. , Stoner Lee
Published: November 2023

Social media usage has soared in the last decade, with the majority of adults having an account on at least one platform. Sites such as LinkedIn, X, and TikTok allow users to share content using different forms, for example, written or video, long form or short form. Social media can be used by researchers to forge collaborations, rapidly disseminate new research, and demonstrate societal impact. This opinion piece aims to highlight the value of social media, in particular for early career researchers, and offer suggestions on how early career researchers can strategically use social media to build a network and an online presence. We reflect on our own experiences of social media and include some of the reasons we have been deterred from it in the past, such as fear of making a mistake, being misunderstood, or painted as being an overconfident “know it all.” As the demonstration of impact and engagement becomes ever more important in grant applications and job security, social media competency is a powerful professional skill that will be important for all scientists.
Global biogeography of the smallest plankton across ocean depths
Authors: Junger Pedro C. , Sarmento Hugo , Giner Caterina R. , Mestre Mireia , Sebastián Marta , Morán Xosé Anxelu G. , Arístegui Javier , Agustí Susana , Duarte Carlos M. , Acinas Silvia G. , Massana Ramon , Gasol Josep M. , Logares Ramiro
Published: November 2023

Tiny ocean plankton (picoplankton) are fundamental for the functioning of the biosphere, but the ecological mechanisms shaping their biogeography were partially understood. Comprehending whether these microorganisms are structured by niche versus neutral processes is relevant in the context of global change. We investigate the ecological processes (selection, dispersal, and drift) structuring global-ocean picoplanktonic communities inhabiting the epipelagic (0 to 200 meters), mesopelagic (200 to 1000 meters), and bathypelagic (1000 to 4000 meters) zones. We found that selection decreased, while dispersal limitation increased with depth, possibly due to differences in habitat heterogeneity and dispersal barriers such as water masses and bottom topography. Picoplankton β-diversity positively correlated with environmental heterogeneity and water mass variability, but this relationship tended to be weaker for eukaryotes than for prokaryotes. Community patterns were more pronounced in the Mediterranean Sea, probably because of its cross-basin environmental heterogeneity and deep-water isolation. We conclude that different combinations of ecological mechanisms shape the biogeography of the ocean microbiome across depths.
Invasive fusariosis
Authors: Nucci Marcio , Anaissie Elias
Published: November 2023

Invasive fusariosis is a serious invasive fungal disease, affecting immunocompetent and, more frequently, immunocompromised patients. Localized disease is the typical clinical form in immunocompetent patients. Immunocompromised hosts at elevated risk of developing invasive fusariosis are patients with acute leukemia receiving chemotherapeutic regimens for remission induction, and those undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. In this setting, the infection is usually disseminated with positive blood cultures, multiple painful metastatic skin lesions, and lung involvement. Currently available antifungal agents have poor
in vitro
activity against
Fusarium
species, but a clear-cut correlation between
in vitro
activity and clinical effectiveness does not exist. The outcome of invasive fusariosis is largely dependent on the resolution of immunosuppression, especially neutrophil recovery in neutropenic patients.
Factors associated with mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 disease treated with convalescent plasma
Authors: Perichon Armando M. , Acosta Andrea , Di Tulio Liliana , Munuce Maria José , Pezzotto Stella , Bottasso Oscar , Nannini Esteban C.
Published: November 2023

The use of convalescent plasma (CP) for hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection might be a useful option in certain settings. Soon after the outbreak of COVID-19, the National Ministry of Health of Argentina recommended the use of CP transfusion for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 disease. Between 1 June and 3 October 2020, 480 patients, excluding those on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), received at least one CP infusion in the province of Santa Fe. We aimed to find factors associated with mortality among this cohort of patients. The median age was 60 years (interquartile range: 49–69 years) and 320 (66.7%) were males. Most of these patients (93.75%) received a single CP infusion, 82.1% and 95.6% before day 4 and day 7 of hospitalization, respectively. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 titers were determined in the CP units administered using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay. At 28 days of follow-up, 250 patients were discharged (52.1%), 131 (27.3%) remained hospitalized without and 16 (3.3%) with oxygen requirement, 27 (5.6%) were on IMV, and 56 (11.7%) had died. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the factors significantly associated with 28-day mortality were (i) requirement of IMV, (ii) the administration of CP after the third day of hospitalization, (iii) age, and (iv) number of comorbidities. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the infused CP were not associated with mortality. Our findings may imply a seemingly favorable effect of CP administration among patients with severe COVID-19 disease when infused sooner after hospitalization.

IMPORTANCE

The use of convalescent plasma (CP) could be an option for patients with severe COVID-19, especially in poor-resource countries where direct antiviral drugs are not commercially available. Currently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration limits the CP administration for outpatients and inpatients with COVID-19 who are immunocompromised and only if high levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are confirmed in the CP unit. Although most of the randomized clinical trials failed to show a clear-cut benefit of CP in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, other studies have shown that if given early in the course of the disease, it might be a useful therapeutic option. In this retrospective study, we demonstrated that early treatment (within 3 days of hospitalization) was significantly associated with reduced 28-day mortality compared with those patients treated beyond day 3. The results from our study add up to the scientific evidence on the use of CP as a relatively safe, cheap, and possibly effective therapy in certain patients suffering from severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Economic impact of metagenomic next-generation sequencing versus traditional bacterial culture for postoperative central nervous system infections using a decision analysis mode: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tian Ying , Gao Ran , Wang Yumei , Zhou Yimin , Xu Shanshan , Duan Yuqing , Lv Wenyi , Wang Shuya , Hou Mengxue , Chen Yuqing , Li Fangqiang , Gao Wei , Zhang Linlin , Zhou Jian-Xin
Published: November 2023

Central nervous system infections (CNSIs) are common complications after neurosurgery with a poor prognosis. The traditional microbiological culture methodology has a low detection rate and time consuming. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has demonstrated the advantages of being faster, more accurate, and more comprehensive in clinical microbiology. Previous studies had suggested that mNGS had a high sensitivity in the diagnosis of CNSIs. Whether the application of mNGS has health economic value in clinical applications remains to be studied. We designed a prospective, single-center, superiority randomized controlled trial to compare the cost-effectiveness of mNGS with traditional methods for diagnosing CNSIs using a decision tree model. A total of 204 patients will be enrolled and randomly assigned to either the mNGS group or the traditional method group. The two groups of patients entered different decision points according to different clinical manifestations and examination results. They will be then given treatment decisions by a panel of specialists at the corresponding decision point. The primary outcome is the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, which is the increased cost for every 1% increase in recovery rate. The secondary outcomes are a comparison of time cost, detection cost, and costs associated with antibiotics treatment between the two groups.

IMPORTANCE

Diagnosing and treating postoperative central nervous system infections (PCNSIs) remains challenging due to the low detection rate and time-consuming nature of traditional methods for identifying microorganisms in cerebrospinal fluid. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology provides a rapid and comprehensive understanding of microbial composition in PCNSIs by swiftly sequencing and analyzing the microbial genome. The current study aimed to assess the economic impact of using mNGS versus traditional bacterial culture-directed PCNSIs diagnosis and therapy in post-neurosurgical patients from Beijing Tiantan Hospital. mNGS is a relatively expensive test item, and whether it has the corresponding health-economic significance in the clinical application of diagnosing intracranial infection has not been studied clearly. Therefore, the investigators hope to explore the clinical application value of mNGS detection in PCNSIs after neurosurgery.
Characterizing bacterial and fungal communities along the longitudinal axis of the intestine in cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Yang Yunpeng , Xu Ning , Yao Linlin , Lu Yong , Gao Changshan , Nie Yanhong , Sun Qiang
Published: November 2023

The gut microbiota develops specialized local communities along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the host. Among these microbes, intestinal bacteria and fungi interact closely with the host and play vital roles in their health. However, the gut biogeography of bacteria and fungi has rarely been studied simultaneously, and their correlations have not been reported. In this study, we collected the intestinal luminal contents from different gastrointestinal regions (the ileum, caecum, and colon) of wild-type female cynomolgus monkeys and performed 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing to determine the gut biogeography of bacterial and fungal communities. The richness and diversity of bacteria and fungi increased gradually from the small to the large intestine. The bacterial and fungal composition of ileum differed significantly from that of the colon. Specifically, Bacteroidia and Spirochaetia were abundant in the caecum and colon, while Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria were enriched in the ileum. As for fungal taxa, the genera
Aspergillus
,
Wallemia
, and
Cryptococcus_f_Tremellaceae
were enriched in the colon, while the genus
Fusarium
was abundant in the caecum. Consequently, the bacterial and fungal functions of the ileum differed from those of the caecum and colon. Notably, we characterized the correlations between intestinal bacteria and fungi at different gastrointestinal regions of cynomolgus monkeys using Spearman correlation analysis. In summary, our results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the composition and function of intestinal bacteria and fungi in non-human primates (NHPs) and reveal their correlations along the longitudinal axis of the intestine.

IMPORTANCE

Gut microbiota varies along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and exerts profound influences on the host’s physiology, immunity, and nutrition. Given that gut microbes interact with the host closely and the gastrointestinal function differed from the small to the large intestine, it is essential to characterize the gut biogeography of the microbial community. Here, we focused on intestinal bacteria and fungi in cynomolgus monkeys and determined their spatial distribution along the GI tract by performing 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing. The composition and function of bacterial and fungal communities differed significantly at different biogeographic sites of the intestine, and the site-specific correlations between intestinal bacteria and fungi were revealed. Thus, our studies characterized the gut biogeography of bacteria and fungi in NHPs and revealed their site-specific correlations along the GI tract.
Supplemental Material: Pleistocene Colorado River terraces in the canyonlands region (Utah, USA) record unsteady, transient incision and growth of the Cataract Canyon knickzone by salt tectonics
Authors: Tanski Natalie M. , al. et
Published: November 2023

Details on luminescence dating, TCN exposure age, measurement of canyon width, conceptual model of transient incision, and field photos.  
Supplemental Material: Metamorphic evolution of high-pressure and ultrahigh temperature granulites from the Alxa Block, North China Craton: Implications for the collision and exhumation of Paleoproterozoic orogenic belts
Authors: Zou Lei , Liu Ping-Hua , et al.
Published: November 2023

Figure S1: Thin-section scan of Cpx-Opx granulite sample 17AZ12-2 with mineral identification performed by TIMA. Figure S2: Calculated T-XH2O and T-XO2 pseudosections of garnet mafic granulite sample 14LH05-1 and Cpx-Opx granulite sample 17AZ12-2. Table S1: Mineral (garnet, clinopyroxene, amphibole, and plagioclase) compositions of garnet mafic granulite sample 14LH05-1. Table S2: Mineral (garnet, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, amphibole, and plagioclase) compositions of Cpx-Opx granulite sample 17AZ12-2. Table S3: Mineral proportions of Cpx-Opx granulite sample 17AZ12-2. Table S4: Results of SHRIMP U-Pb dating and LA-ICP-MS REE analysis of zircons from garnet mafic granulite sample 14LH05-1. Table S5: Results of SHRIMP U-Pb dating and LA-ICP-MS REE analysis of zircons from Cpx-Opx granulite sample 17AZ12-2.
Internal hernia through the foramen of Winslow: a rare cause of intestinal obstruction with imminent ischaemia of the caecum
Authors: Notz-Heusler Lukas , Burla Laurin , Steinauer Andreas , Misteli Heidi
Published: November 2023

An internal hernia through the foramen of Winslow represents a rare surgical pathology. This report describes a case with incipient caecal ischaemia and discusses current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. A patient in his early 60s presented at the emergency department with abdominal pain and last bowel movement three days prior. A CT scan of the abdomen suggested an internal hernia into the lesser sac. Intraoperatively, the suspected diagnosis could be confirmed laparoscopically with a twisted mobile caecum herniating through the foramen of Winslow. Due to a suspected ischaemia and laparoscopic frustrated reduction, a right open hemicolectomy was performed. The hernia gap was closed. The postoperative course was uneventful. Despite the rarity of internal hernias in patients without prior abdominal surgery, surgeons should be aware of this entity. The diagnosis can be difficult and sometimes only established intraoperatively. Open surgery is usually required. If the gap is clearly identified, the recommendations tend towards its closure.
Fatal occupational injuries in North Carolina, 1992–2017
Authors: Martin Amelia T , McClure Elizabeth S , Ranapurwala Shabbar I , Nocera Maryalice , Cantrell John , Marshall Stephen W , Richardson David B
Published: November 2023

Objectives

After declining for several decades, fatal occupational injury rates have stagnated in the USA since 2009. To revive advancements in workplace safety, interventions targeting at-risk worker groups must be implemented. Our study aims to identify these at-risk populations by evaluating disparities in unintentional occupational fatalities occurring in North Carolina (NC) from 1992 to 2017.

Methods

Our retrospective cohort study drew on both the NC Office of the Chief Medical Examiner system and the NC death certificate data system to identify unintentional fatal occupational injuries occurring from 1992 to 2017. Unintentional fatal occupational injury rates were reported across industries, occupations and demographic groups, and rate ratios were calculated to assess disparities.

Results

Among those aged 18 and older, 2645 unintentional fatal occupational injuries were identified. Fatal occupational injury rates declined by 0.82 injuries/100 000 person-years over this period, falling consistently from 2004 to 2009 and increasing from 2009 to 2017. Fatal injury rates were highest among Hispanic workers, who experienced 2.75 times the fatal injury rate of non-Hispanic White workers (95% CI 2.42 to 3.11) and self-employed workers, who experienced 1.44 times the fatal injury rate of private workers (95% CI 1.29 to 1.60). We also observed that fatal injury rates increased with age group and were higher among male relative to female workers even after adjustment for differential distributions across occupations.

Conclusions

The decline in unintentional fatal occupational injury rates over this period is encouraging, but the increase in injury rate after 2009 and the large disparities between occupations, industries and demographic groups highlight the need for additional targeted safety interventions.
Factors influencing the kinetics of MSU crystal depletion measured with dual-energy CT in patients with gout
Authors: Laurent Victor , Jauffret Charlotte , Pacaud Aurore , Ducoulombier Vincent , Legrand Julie , Verdun Stéphane , Norberciak Laurène , Budzik Jean-François , Pascart Tristan
Published: November 2023

Objective

To examine factors influencing the kinetics of monosodium urate (MSU) crystal dissolution measured with dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) during follow-up of patients with gout.

Methods

Patients with a diagnosis of gout with baseline knees and feet DECT scans exhibiting MSU crystal volumes ≥0.1 cm3and at least one follow-up DECT were included. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to search for association between change from baseline MSU crystal volume at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months and serum urate (SU) level. Associations between percentage change from the baseline volume of MSU crystal deposits and explanatory variables were assessed using linear mixed models.

Results

Sixty-two patients (age 67.3±12.8 years; 53 (85%) males) cumulating 104 follow-up DECT scans were included. Overall, SU target levels (<6.0 and <5.0 mg/dL) were achieved by 48 (77%) and 36 (58%) patients, respectively. There was a good correlation (r=0.66; p<0.0001) observed between SU level and percentage change in MSU crystal volume. The median decrease from baseline MSU crystal volume was greater in patients reaching the <5.0 mg/dL SU target than in those reaching ≥5.0 SU <6.0 mg/dL: −85% (95% CI: −94% to −72%) versus −40% (−57% to −22%; p<0.05) at 12 months. In multivariable analysis, time (in days) with a multilevel coefficient of −0.06 (95% CI: −0.08 to −0.03, p<0.001), hypertension (coefficient: 41.87, 95% CI: 16.38 to 67.18, p<0.01) and SU level <5.0 mg/dL (coefficient: −39.46, 95% CI: −70.93 to −8.34, p=0.02) were the only variables significantly associated with MSU crystal volume change.

Conclusion

In patients with DECT-measured MSU crystal deposition, reaching the <5.0 mg/dL SU target provides more extensive and rapid crystal dissolution than reaching the <6.0 mg/dL SU target.
Bianchi type-III THDE quintessence model with hybrid scale factor
Authors: Varshney Gunjan , Pradhan Anirudh , Sharma Umesh Kumar
Published: November 2023

The current research investigates the behavior of the Tsallis holographic dark energy (THDE) model with quintessence in a homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-III space–time. We construct the model by using two conditions: ( i) expansion scalar ( θ) is proportionate to shear scalar ( σ) in the model and ( ii) hybrid scale factor a = t βe γt, where β > 0 and γ > 0 are constants. Our study is based on Type Ia supernovae data in combination with CMB and BAO observations (Giostri et al., JCAP 3, 27); the present values of Hubble constant and deceleration parameter are H0 = 73.8 and q0 = −0.54, respectively. Compiling our theoretical models with these data, we obtain [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], respectively. We completed an entirely novel form of cosmic model where the expansion occurs during the present accelerated phase for the constraints. We have discussed the conformity among the scalar field model of quintessence and THDE model. To understand the Universe, we have also established the relations for distance modulus, luminosity distance, and angular-diameter distance. Some geometric and physical aspects of the THDE model are also highlighted.
Comments on “Numerical study of the SWKB condition of novel classes of exactly solvable systems”
Authors: Bougie Jonathan , Gangopadhyaya Asim , Rasinariu Constantin
Published: November 2023

Here, we comment on the paper “Numerical study of the SWKB condition of novel classes of exactly solvable systems.” [Y. Nasuda and N. Sawado, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 36, 2150025 (2021).] We show that it misrepresents our prior work [J. Bougie, A. Gangopadhyaya and C. Rasinariu, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 51, 375202 (2018)], and clarify this misunderstanding.
A comment on “Singular and nonsingular black holes using the Gaussian distribution”
Authors: Batic D. , Nowakowski M. , Salim S. A.
Published: November 2023

In this work, we join the controversial discussion on singular and nonsingular black holes using the Gaussian distribution. Our result which uses correct boundary conditions shifts the debate in favor of regular black holes at the center. The present findings add new insights into the ongoing discussions surrounding singularities in black hole solutions of the Einstein equations.
THE DYNAMICS OF MICRO-ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE TALE OF MADHABH
Authors: Sar Ashok
Published: November 2023

This case study explores the performance of a micro-enterprise during the challenging COVID-19 pandemic. Madhabh, a 54-year-old community milkman in Bhubaneswar, India, faced a significant decline in his milk business due to the pandemic. To adapt, he started selling “Paneer, Ghee, and Chena Poda” made from surplus milk. Through word-of-mouth promotion and improvements in storage and distribution, the new venture became successful, earning the family 30% more than pre-pandemic levels. Now, with economic activities resuming, Madhabh is considering how to reorient his business in light of competition and his family members’ disinterest in the traditional milk business.
A Numerical Simulation of Evolution Processes and Entropy Generation for Optimal Architecture of an Electrochemical Reaction-Diffusion System: Comparison of Two Optimization Strategies
Authors: Alizadeh Mehrzad , Charoen-amornkitt Patcharawat , Suzuki Takahiro , Tsushima Shohji
Published: November 2023

Employment of electrochemical energy devices is being expanded as the world is shifting toward more sustainable power resources. To meet the required cost efficiency standards for commercialization, there is a need for optimal design of the electrodes. In this study, a topology optimization method is proposed to increase the performance of an electrochemical reaction-diffusion system. A dimensionless model is developed to characterize the transport and rate processes in the system. Two optimization strategies are introduced to improve system performance using a heterogeneous distribution of constituents. In addition, an entropy generation model is proposed to evaluate the system irreversibilities quantitatively. The findings show that the system performance could be enhanced up to 116.7% with an optimal tree-root-like structure. Such a heterogeneous material distribution provides a balance among various competing transport and rate processes. The proposed methodology could be employed in optimal design of electrodes for various electrochemical devices. This study also offers a fundamental comprehension of optimal designs by showing the connection between the optimal designs and the entropy generation. It is revealed that a less dissipating system corresponds to a more uniform current and entropy generation. Some recommendations are also made in choosing a proper optimization approach for electrochemical systems.
Investigation of Glucose Sensing via Controlled Copper Concentration in CuO for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor
Authors: B. Kiruthiga Devi , D. Bhuvanesh , E. S. R. Ajith Nix , Praveen Palabindela , Das Preeti , Tripathy Sukanta Kumar , Behera Bhaskar Chandra
Published: November 2023

Non-enzymatic glucose sensors have emerged as pivotal tools for monitoring blood glucose levels, offering advantages over traditional enzymatic methods in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and cost-effectiveness. This study explores the utilization of a simple and low-cost method for preparation of copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures to look for the non-enzymatic glucose sensing. Morphological and structural analysis via Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction of synthesized CuO nanostructures revealed nearly same size, shape, and a pure monoclinic crystal structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy further confirmed the monoclinic phase. More importantly, we employed CuO nanostructures-modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) to investigate the glucose sensing and sensing parameters. The electrodes exhibited comparable sensitivity, selectivity, and an extended dynamic range 0.4–0.6 V applied potentials with regard to earlier reports. Amperometric responses of lower concentration based synthesized CuO sample recorded at 0.5 V unveiled a low limit of detection of 5.9 μM, a sensitivity of approximately 10.6 μA/(mM·cm2), and a rapid 2 s response time. Manipulating the CuO-nanostructures and integrating on the GCE can offer a promising opportunity for enhanced non-enzymatic glucose sensing with high sensitivity, selectivity, and broad dynamic range towards utility in real-time glucose monitoring, contributing to improved healthcare diagnostics and diabetes management.
Studies on Structural and Ionic Conductivity of Li2NiP2O7
Authors: Karray M. , Nasri S. , Mendil R. , Kammoun I. , Mahmoud A. , Oueslati A.
Published: November 2023

In this study, a solid-state method was employed to synthesize Li2NiP2O7. By analyzing the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, the existence of a monoclinic-type structure with a single phase was verified using Rietveld refinement. The surface morphology of the samples was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the electrical properties were measured using complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) as a function of frequency (10 Hz to 7 MHz) at various temperatures (553–653 K). Impedance analysis was performed using an equivalent circuit model, which indicated the presence of a single semicircular arc. In addition, we investigated the intricate relationships between the electrical and structural properties of the materials, as well as the transport phenomena. Specifically, we explored the ion-hopping mechanism, which is governed by the movement of Li+ cations within the Li2NiP2O7 structure and is responsible for the conduction mechanism. Finally, it is important to note that our exploration of the Li2NiP2O7 compound revealed a noteworthy electrical conductivity of σ
573 = 1.23*10−2 Ω−1 cm−1. These findings underscore the potential suitability of this material for application as a promising cathode material for recheagable batteries.
Risk Factors Associated with Congenital Syphilis, Georgia, 2008-2015
Authors: Kachikis Alisa , Schiff Melissa A. , Moore Kathryn , Chapple-McGruder Theresa , Arluck Jessica , Hitti Jane
Published: November 2023

Background. Congenital syphilis (CS) is associated with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. The study objectives were to compare risk factors among women with syphilis infection whose pregnancies did and did not result in CS cases and to evaluate other geographic and socioeconomic characteristics of county of residence as a measure of healthcare inequity. Methods. This study linked maternal and congenital syphilis data from the Georgia Department of Public Health (DPH), 2008-2015. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline was followed. Demographic, behavioral, and case characteristics were compared among women with syphilis infection who did and did not have an infant with CS. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and multivariate regression analyses were performed using STATA 14.2 (College Station, TX). Results. Of 505 women with syphilis infection, 23% had an infant with CS, while 77% did not. After adjusting for race/ethnicity, factors associated with CS outcome were age greater than 35 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.88; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-14.89), hospital/emergency department diagnosis of syphilis (aOR 3.43; 95% CI 1.54-7.62), and high-risk behaviors such as exchanging sex for money or drugs (aOR 3.25; 95% CI 1.18-8.98). There were no associations between characteristics of county of residence and CS outcome. Conclusions. This study highlights risk factors that may be associated with CS incidence and the adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with CS. Further work is needed to study improved data collection systems, contributing factors related to CS as well as prevention measures in the United States.