bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indium droplet formation in InGaN thin films with single and double heterojunctions prepared by MOCVD
Authors: Chen Yung-Sheng , Liao Che-Hao , Kuo Chie-Tong , Tsiang Raymond Chien-Chao , Wang Hsiang-Chen
Published: July 2014

Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) samples with single heterojunction (SH) and double heterojunction (DH) were prepared using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. SH has a layer of InGaN thin film (thicknesses, 25, 50, 100, and 200 nm) grown on an uGaN film (thickness, 2 μm). The DH samples are distinguished by DH uGaN film (thickness, 120 nm) grown on the InGaN layer. Reciprocal space mapping measurements reveal that the DH samples are fully strained with different thicknesses, whereas the strain in the SH samples are significantly relaxed with the increasing thickness of the InGaN film. Scanning electron microscopy results show that the surface roughness of the sample increases when the sample is relaxed. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images of the structure of indium droplets in the DH sample indicate that the thickness of the InGaN layer decreases with the density of indium droplets. The formation of these droplets is attributed to the insufficient kinetic energy of indium atom to react with the elements of group V, resulting to aggregation. The gallium atoms in the GaN thin film will not be uniformly replaced by indium atoms; the InGaN thin film has an uneven distribution of indium atoms and the quality of the epitaxial layer is degraded.
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 deficiency inhibits immune cell infiltration and attenuates organ injury in sepsis
Authors: Sharma Archna , Matsuo Shingo , Yang Weng-Lang , Wang Zhimin , Wang Ping
Published: July 2014

Introduction

Sepsis is defined as a systemic hyper-inflammatory immune response, with a subsequent immune-suppressive phase, which leads to multiple organ dysfunction and late lethality. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)-dependent necrosis is implicated in driving tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)- and sepsis-induced mortality in mice. However, it is unknown if RIPK3 deficiency has any impact on immune cell trafficking, which contributes to organ damage in sepsis.

Methods

To study this, male wild-type (WT) and RIPK3-deficient (Ripk3-/-) mice on C57BL/6 background were subjected to sham operation or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Blood and tissue samples were collected 20 hours post-CLP for various measurements.

Results

In our severe sepsis model, the mean survival time of Ripk3-/- mice was significantly extended to 68 hours compared to 41 hours for WT mice. Ripk3-/- mice had significantly decreased plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and organ injury markers compared to WT mice post-CLP. In the lungs, Ripk3-/- mice preserved better integrity of microscopic structure with reduced apoptosis, and decreased levels of IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), compared to WT. In the liver, the levels of MIP-1, MIP-2 and KC were also decreased in septic Ripk3-/- mice. Particularly, the total number of neutrophils in the lungs and liver of Ripk3-/- mice decreased by 59.9% and 66.7%, respectively, compared to WT mice post-CLP. In addition, the number of natural killer (NK) and CD8T cells in the liver decreased by 64.8% and 53.4%, respectively, in Ripk3-/- mice compared to WT mice post-sepsis.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that RIPK3 deficiency modestly protected from CLP-induced severe sepsis and altered the immune cell trafficking in an organ-specific manner attenuating organ injury. Thus, RIPK3 acts as a detrimental factor in contributing to the organ deterioration in sepsis.
Nanoparticle labeling identifies slow cycling human endometrial stromal cells
Authors: Xiang Lina , Chan Rachel W S , Ng Ernest H Y , Yeung William S B
Published: July 2014

Introduction

Evidence suggests that the human endometrium contains stem or progenitor cells that are responsible for its remarkable regenerative capability. A common property of somatic stem cells is their quiescent state. It remains unclear whether slow-cycling cells exist in the human endometrium. We hypothesized that the human endometrium contains a subset of slow-cycling cells with somatic stem cell properties. Here, we established an in vitro stem cell assay to isolate human endometrial-derived mesenchymal stem-like cells (eMSC).

Methods

Single-cell stromal cultures were initially labeled with fluorescent nanoparticles and a small population of fluorescent persistent cells (FPC) remained after culture of 21 days. Two populations of stromal cells, namely FPC and non-FPC were sorted.

Results

Quantitative analysis of functional assays demonstrated that the FPC had higher colony forming ability, underwent more rounds of self-renewal and had greater enrichment of phenotypically defined prospective eMSC markers: CD146+/CD140b+ and W5C5+ than the non-FPC. They also differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineages and the expression of lineage specific markers was lower than that of non-FPC. The FPC exhibit low proliferation activities. A proliferation dynamics study revealed that more FPC had a prolonged G1 phase.

Conclusions

With this study we present an efficient method to label and isolate slow-proliferating cells obtained from human endometrial stromal cultures without genetic modifications. The FPC population could be easily maintained in vitro and are of interest for tissue-repair and engineering perspectives. In summary, nanoparticle labeling is a promising tool for the identification of putative somatic stem or progenitor cells when their surface markers are undefined.
Starvation induces FoxO-dependent mitotic-to-endocycle switch pausing during Drosophila oogenesis
Authors: Jouandin Patrick , Ghiglione Christian , Noselli Stéphane
Published: July 2014

When exposed to nutrient challenge, organisms have to adapt their physiology in order to balance reproduction with adult fitness. In mammals, ovarian follicles enter a massive growth phase during which they become highly dependent on gonadotrophic factors and nutrients. Somatic tissues play a crucial role in integrating these signals, controlling ovarian follicle atresia and eventually leading to the selection of a single follicle for ovulation. We used Drosophila follicles as a model to study the effect of starvation on follicle maturation. Upon starvation, Drosophila vitellogenic follicles adopt an ‘atresia-like’ behavior, in which some slow down their development whereas others enter degeneration. The mitotic-to-endocycle (M/E) transition is a critical step during Drosophila oogenesis, allowing the entry of egg chambers into vitellogenesis. Here, we describe a specific and transient phase during M/E switching that is paused upon starvation. The Insulin pathway induces the pausing of the M/E switch, blocking the entry of egg chambers into vitellogenesis. Pausing of the M/E switch involves a previously unknown crosstalk between FoxO, Cut and Notch that ensures full reversion of the process and rapid resumption of oogenesis upon refeeding. Our work reveals a novel genetic mechanism controlling the extent of the M/E switch upon starvation, thus integrating metabolic cues with development, growth and reproduction.
Integrins and epithelial cell polarity
Authors: Lee Jessica L. , Streuli Charles H.
Published: July 2014

Cell polarity is characterised by differences in structure, composition and function between at least two poles of a cell. In epithelial cells, these spatial differences allow for the formation of defined apical and basal membranes. It has been increasingly recognised that cell–matrix interactions and integrins play an essential role in creating epithelial cell polarity, although key gaps in our knowledge remain. This Commentary will discuss the mounting evidence for the role of integrins in polarising epithelial cells. We build a model in which both inside-out signals to polarise basement membrane assembly at the basal surface, and outside-in signals to control microtubule apical–basal orientation and vesicular trafficking are required for establishing and maintaining the orientation of epithelial cell polarity. Finally, we discuss the relevance of the basal integrin polarity axis to cancer.

This article is part of a Minifocus on Establishing polarity. For further reading, please see related articles: ‘ERM proteins at a glance’ by Andrea McClatchey (J. Cell Sci. 127, [098343]). ‘Establishment of epithelial polarity – GEF who's minding the GAP?’ by Siu Ngok et al. (J. Cell Sci. 127, [153197]).
Intracellular glycine receptor function facilitates glioma formation in vivo
Authors: Förstera Benjamin , a Dzaye Omar Dildar , Winkelmann Aline , Semtner Marcus , Benedetti Bruno , Markovic Darko S. , Synowitz Michael , Wend Peter , Fähling Michael , Junier Marie-Pierre , Glass Rainer , Kettenmann Helmut , Meier Jochen C.
Published: July 2014

The neuronal function of Cys-loop neurotransmitter receptors is established; however, their role in non-neuronal cells is poorly defined. As brain tumors accumulate the neurotransmitter glycine, we studied expression and function of glycine receptors (GlyR) in glioma cells. Human brain tumor biopsies selectively expressed GlyR subunits with nuclear import signal (NLS, α1 and α3). The mouse glioma cell line GL261 expressed GlyR α1, and knock-down of α1 protein expression impaired self-renewal capacity and tumorigenicity of GL261 glioma cells as evidenced by the neurosphere assay and GL261 cell inoculation in vivo, respectively. We furthermore show that the pronounced tumorigenic effect of GlyR α1 relies on a new intracellular signaling function that depends on the NLS region in the large cytosolic loop and impacts on GL261 glioma cell gene regulation. Stable expression of GlyR α1 and α3 loops rescued self-renewal capacity of GlyR α1 knock-down cells, which demonstrates their functional equivalence. The new intracellular signaling function identified here goes beyond the well-established role of GlyRs as neuronal ligand-gated ion channels and defines NLS-containing GlyRs as novel potential targets for brain tumor therapies.
Anillin interacts with microtubules and is part of the astral pathway that defines cortical domains
Authors: van Oostende Triplet C. , Jaramillo Garcia M. , Haji Bik H. , Beaudet Daniel , Piekny A.
Published: July 2014

Cytokinesis occurs by the ingression of an actomyosin ring that separates the cell into two daughter cells. The mitotic spindle, comprised of astral and central spindle microtubules, couples contractile ring ingression with DNA segregation. Cues from the central spindle activate RhoA, the upstream regulator of the contractile ring. However, additional cues from the astral microtubules also reinforce the localization of active RhoA. Using human cells, we show that astral and central spindle microtubules independently control the localization of contractile proteins during cytokinesis. Astral microtubules restrict the accumulation and localization of contractile proteins during mitosis, while the central spindle forms a discrete ring by directing RhoA activation in the equatorial plane. Anillin stabilizes the contractile ring during cytokinesis. We show that human anillin interacts with astral microtubules, which is competed by its cortical recruitment by active RhoA. Anillin restricts the localization of myosin at the equatorial cortex, and NuMA (part of the microtubule-tethering complex that regulates spindle position) at the polar cortex. The sequestration of anillin by astral microtubules may alter the organization of cortical proteins to polarize cells for cytokinesis.
β-adrenergic receptor signaling regulates Ptgs2 by driving circadian gene expression in osteoblasts
Authors: Hirai Takao , Tanaka Kenjiro , Togari Akifumi
Published: July 2014

The sympathetic nervous system modulates bone remodeling and mediates the expression of core clock genes in part through the β-adrenergic receptor (AR) in osteoblasts. In this study, we show in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells that isoproterenol (Iso), a non-selective β-AR agonist, up-regulated the transcriptional factor Nfil3, and induced rhythmic mRNA expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2). The rhythmic effects of Iso on Ptgs2 expression were mediated by an interplay between the Per2 and Bmal1 clock genes in osteoblasts. In addition, Ptgs2 was significantly decreased in bone after continuous Iso treatments. Overexpression of Nfil3 decreased Ptgs2 expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Knockdown of Nfil3 up-regulated the expression of Ptgs2 in MC3TC-E1 cells, indicating that Nfil3 negatively regulated Ptgs2 in osteoblasts. Furthermore, Iso acutely induced the expression Nfil3 and increased the binding of Nfil3 to the Ptgs2 promoter in MC3T3-E1 cells. These results suggest that Iso-mediated induction of Nfil3 in osteoblasts regulates the expression of Ptgs2 by driving the expression of circadian clock genes. These findings provide new evidence for a physiological role of circadian clockwork in bone metabolism.
Cyclic Voltammetric Deposition of Poly(pyrrole-co-2-formylpyrrole)–Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Composite for Highly Specific Capacitive Electrodes
Authors: Pattananuwat Prasit , Wang Kun , Tagaya Motohiro , Kobayashi Takaomi
Published: July 2014

A supercapacitor composite electrode was effectively fabricated by using cyclic voltammetric deposition of poly(pyrrole-co-2-formylpyrrole)–multiwall carbon nanotube composite, P(Py-co-FPy)–MWCNT. The charge storage of the three-dimensional nanofibril of the P(Py-co-FPy)-coated MWCNT composite electrode was excellent and reached the specific capacitive value of up to 535 F g−1.
Correlation among Charge, Dielectric, and Magnetic Properties in Electron-transfer-type Spin-crossover Systems
Authors: Matsuzawa Satoshi , Tazoe Kou , Nojiri Hiroyuki , Iijima Fumichika , Oshio Hiroki
Published: July 2014

Interplay among multiple degrees of freedoms in electron-transfer-type spin-crossover systems has been investigated by using a multiprobe system evaluating dielectric, optical, and transport properties. Increase in conductivity associated with a change in optical spectrum is found at around the spin-crossover temperature between the low- and high-spin states in [Co((R)-pabn)][Fe(Tp)(CN)3](BF4)·MeOH·2H2O, where (R)-pabn: (R)-N2,N(2′)-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl-1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diamine and Tp: hydrotris(pyrazollyl)borate. In the dielectric constant, a very slow dielectric dispersion is found to grow in the high-spin state, showing that some macroscopic motion and/or fluctuation exist.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of Co, Mn, Mg, and Al Codoped Nickel Ferrites Prepared from Laterite Leaching Solutions
Authors: Gao Jian-ming , Zhang Mei , Guo Min
Published: July 2014

Metal codoped nickel ferrites were successfully prepared from laterite leaching solutions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that all the samples are well-crystallized NiFe2O4 with face-centered cubic structure, which can be further confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that the average diameters of the synthesized ferrite particles with uniform size is about 70–100 nm. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the samples exhibit typical and enhanced ferrimagnetic properties at room temperature.
Reductive Nucleation of Palladium Nanoparticles on a Cycloolefin Polymer Surface Oxidized with Active Oxygen Species Generated by Vacuum Ultraviolet Excitation
Authors: Sugimura Hiroyuki , Miki Naruhito , Nakamura Akihiro , Ichii Takashi
Published: July 2014

The ability to reduce palladium (Pd) ions to Pd nanoparticles has been provided on the surface of cycloolefin polymer (COP). The origin of this reductive function is aldehyde and alcoholic hydroxy groups formed by oxidizing the COP surface with active oxygen species, which were generated through the irradiation of atmospheric oxygen and water molecules with vacuum ultraviolet light of 172 nm in wavelength. The Pd nanoparticles successfully served as catalysts for electroless plating.
A double-edged sword?
Authors: Chard Richard
Published: July 2014

Richard Chard Dip WCF(Hons) AWCF, discusses the pros and cons of studding
Transiting through cohabitation to marriage: emerging commitment and diminishing ambiguity
Authors: Elizabeth Vivienne , Baker Maureen
Published: July 2014

This article extends discussions about the meaning of cohabitation for cohabitants by drawing on our qualitative interviews from New Zealand with long-term heterosexual and same-sex cohabitants. We show that for this particular group of cohabitants, living together was a dynamic and fluid phenomenon that was largely characterised by a shift from an ambiguous and contingent commitment to a more mutual commitment. The emergence of mutual commitment through living together laid the foundations for these cohabitants to contemplate marriage or civil union as the culturally sanctioned mechanism to signify commitment to a long-term, if not permanent, future together. The change in marital status had the effect of putting to an end any lingering doubts about the meaning of their partnerships, resulting in higher levels of security and better recognition from members of their social network.
Efectos del té verde sobre el riesgo de cáncer de mama
Authors: Pardos-Sevilla Carlos , Mach Núria
Published: July 2014

Los componentes fitoquímicos como las catequinas del té verde pueden modificar el epigenoma y transcriptoma de las células tumorales. El objetivo del presente estudio es hacer un análisis retrospectivo de lo que se ha publicado hasta la actualidad sobre los mecanismos mediante los cuales el consumo de té verde podría tener un efecto protector en el riesgo de cáncer de mama. En este trabajo, se analizan más de 100 artículos publicados en los últimos 15 años que relacionan el consumo de té verde y la prevalencia y desarrollo del cáncer de mama. Los polifenoles del té verde pueden reducir el riesgo de cáncer de mama mediante la inhibición estrogénica y quimiotóxica en hígado, estimulando la ruta metabólica de conjugación con glutatión, mejorando el síndrome metabólico, además de la regulación del sistema inmune y estrés oxidativo y la inhibición de la metilación del ADN. Pese a que los estudios in vitro y en modelos animales muestran la capacidad potencial de los polifenoles del té verde para actuar frente al riesgo de padecer cáncer de mama, la falta de más estudios clínicos en humanos, impide actualmente poder realizar recomendaciones dietéticas con certitud en pacientes con cáncer de mama.
Coaching nutricional como herramienta para la adquisición de hábitos alimentarios preventivos del cáncer
Authors: Meya-Molina Alba , Giménez-Sánchez Jaume
Published: July 2014

Existe amplia bibliografía sobre recomendaciones para la prevención del cáncer, pero a pesar de ello, gran parte de la población no las lleva a cabo. Además, la poca existencia de investigaciones acerca de esta falta de adherencia, ha motivado a los autores de la presente revisión a abrir una línea de investigación dirigida a buscar herramientas que fomenten el seguimiento de estas recomendaciones. El objetivo principal de esta revisión es confirmar la capacidad del coaching nutricional como herramienta útil en la adquisición de hábitos saludables preventivos y en la modificación de hábitos poco saludables, favorecedores de ciertos tipos de cáncer. En este artículo de revisión se recoge información actualizada sobre hábitos y alimentos que aumentan o disminuyen el riesgo de distintos tipos de cáncer, y a la vez, evidencias científicas sobre la efectividad del coaching nutricional para asumir la responsabilidad de cuidarse a sí mismo, adoptando hábitos de vida saludables que redundan en un mejor estado nutricional. Los resultados de esta revisión muestran, a través de varios estudios, la efectividad del coaching en la modificación de factores preventivos y/o promotores de cáncer. Por ese motivo, se concluye que el coaching nutricional puede ser útil en la prevención de determinados tipos de cáncer.
Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, hacia la nutrición personalizada
Authors: Ortiz-Suárez Sandra
Published: July 2014

La incidencia de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) está en aumento en los países que adquieren un estilo de vida occidental. Su etiopatogenia no está bien definida pero se asocia a causas multifactoriales. En individuos genéticamente predispuestos, diferentes factores ambientales desencadenan alteraciones en la respuesta inmune. Como resultado se pierde la tolerancia hacia la microbiota intestinal comensal, produciéndose daños en los tejidos e inflamación crónica. Entre los factores de riesgo ambiental se encuentra la dieta. Dietas con alto contenido en sacarosa, hidratos de carbonos refinados, ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-6 y con bajo contenido en fibra se relacionan con un mayor riesgo de presentar EII, particularmente Enfermedad de Crohn (EC). Las recomendaciones nutricionales en la EII no pueden generalizarse, ya que todos los pacientes no responden de la misma manera ante éstas. La aparición de disciplinas como la nutrigenética, nutrigenómica y epigenética permiten una mayor comprensión de la patogenia de la enfermedad y, a su vez, nos abren la posibilidad hacia un abordaje individualizado desde el punto de vista nutricional. Un ejemplo de ello lo encontramos en los portadores del polimorfismo 857C/T en el gen TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor), en los que una dieta elevada en ácidos grasos saturados y monoinsaturados resulta perjudicial, asociándose a un fenotipo más activo de enfermedad. En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión de los artículos científicos más recientes en estas disciplinas en relación a la EII y sus posibles aplicaciones terapéuticas nutricionales, como el uso de antioxidantes o la proporción de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados v-6/v-3. Para la búsqueda de estos artículos se ha utilizado la base de datos del National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), seleccionando los de mayor interés comprendidos entre 2007-2012.
Dietary intake in the postoperative bariatric surgery at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Crovesy-de-Oliveira Louise , Cosendey-Menegati Gigliane , Lopes-Rosado Eliane
Published: July 2014

Introduction: bariatric surgery is a treatment for morbid obesity that besides result in high weight loss promotes improvements in laboratory tests and in the pressure reduction. However the surgery can cause bad effects as deficiency some nutrients. This fact become more important evaluates the adequacy of dietary intake of these patients. The objective this study was evaluates the adequacy dietetic of patients after bariatric surgery.Material and methods: we select forty women who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric and carried evaluation anthropometric and dietetic. The dietary evaluate was compared with the daily consumption requirement and food pyramid for these patients.Results: forty women with 43.1 ± 9.96 years, obesity and very high risk for metabolic complications associate with obesity, and with acceptation of supplementation (95%) participated this study. The majority of women consumed group’s foods “high-calorie foods, fats and sweets are energy-dense foods” and showed high intake of foods groups “grains and cereals” and “high-fiber, low-calorie foods”. Dietary intake was low-calorie (1342.50 ± 474.06 Kcal), adequate in protein (22.10 ± 6.94%), carbohydrate (50.74 ± 10.96%), lipid (26.14 ± 7.17%), saturated fatty acids (8.69 ± 2.74%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (8.93 ± 3.51%) and low-monounsaturated fatty acids (4.13 ± 1.78%) and fibers (17.02 ± 10.64 g).Conclusions: nutritional habits of women showed inadequacy, these results reinforce the importance of nutritional accompanying in the late postoperative bariatric surgery.
Alimentos ricos en ácidos grasos v-3 libres de contaminantes y aptos para vegetarianos, y su importancia en el desarrollo neurológico normal
Authors: Molina-Peralta Ángeles , Mach Núria
Published: July 2014

Los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados esenciales de cadena larga v-3 como el ácido a-linolénico (ALA) y sus derivados, ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA), intervienen en la función y el crecimiento del tejido nervioso como componentes estructurales de las membranas neuronales. En vegetarianos y veganos, la ingesta de v-3 por parte de la madre durante el embarazo y la lactancia debe proceder de recursos no animales, limpios de metales pesados y dioxinas para asegurar el normal desarrollo de las estructuras neuronales en los niños. Se consultaron estudios científicos en modelos animales, celulares, ensayos clínicos y revisiones en las siguientes bases de datos electrónicas especializadas: PubMed central (PMC)-NBCI, Elsevier Journal, Scielo España, Scirus, y Science Direct, para establecer el estado actual del potencial efecto del consumo de alimentos ricos en v-3 como las algas, hongos, bacterias marinas y otras fuentes vegetales, aptas para vegetarianos y veganos, sobre el normal desarrollo neurológico infantil.
Evaluación del contenido sobre educación alimentaria en páginas web de servicios de catering: estudio piloto en el ámbito escolar
Authors: Rico-Sapena Nuria , Galiana-Sánchez María Eugenia , Bernabéu-Mestre Josep
Published: July 2014

Introducción: Analizar la calidad de las páginas web de los servicios de catering en el ámbito escolar y su contenido en educación alimentaria, y tener una primera experiencia con la herramienta de evaluación EDALCAT.Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal. La población de estudio son páginas web de empresas de catering encargadas de la gestión de los comedores escolares. La muestra se obtuvo utilizando el buscador Google y un Ranking de las principales empresas de catering por facturación, escogiendo aquellas que tenían página web. Para la prueba piloto se seleccionaron diez páginas web según proximidad geográfica a la ciudad de Alicante y nivel de facturación. Para la evaluación de los sitios web se diseñó un cuestionario (EDALCAT), compuesto de un primer bloque de predictores de calidad con 19 variables de fiabilidad, diseño y navegación; y de un segundo bloque de contenidos específicos de educación alimentaria con 19 variables de contenido y actividades educativas.Resultados: Se han obtenido resultados positivos en 31 de las 38 variables del cuestionario, excepto en los ítems: “Buscador”, “Idioma” (40%) y “Ayuda” (10%) del bloque predictores de calidad y en los ítems: “Talleres”, “Recetario”, “Web alimentación-nutrición” (40%) y “Ejemplos” (30%) del bloque de contenidos específicos de educación alimentaria. Todas las páginas web evaluadas superan valores del 50% de cumplimiento de criterios de calidad y de contenidos mínimos en educación alimentaria, y sólo una de ellas, incumple el nivel de actividad mínimo establecido.Conclusiones: Los predictores de calidad y los contenidos específicos en educación alimentaria dieron buenos resultados en todas las páginas web evaluadas. La mayoría de ellas obtuvieron una alta puntuación en su valoración, y en su análisis individual por bloques. Tras el estudio piloto el cuestionario se ha modificado y se obtiene el EDALCAT definitivo. En líneas generales EDALCAT parece ser adecuado para evaluar la calidad de las páginas web de servicios de catering y su contenido en educación alimentaria, sin embargo el presente estudio no puede considerarse como validación del mismo.
Estudio del estado nutricional de estudiantes de educación primaria y secundaria de la provincia de Valencia y su relación con la adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea
Authors: Navarro-Solera Maria , González-Carrascosa Rebeca , Soriano Jose Miguel
Published: July 2014

Introducción: La obesidad infantil está alcanzando cifras muy elevadas entre la población infantil española favoreciendo la obesidad en la edad adulta. El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer el estado nutricional de estudiantes de seis colegios de la provincia de Valencia y su grado de adhesión a la Dieta Mediterránea (DM).Material y métodos: Estudio transversal en el que participaron 777 estudiantes, 49,9% eran chicos y 50,1% chicas con edades comprendidas entre 8 y 16 años. Se determinó el peso y la altura de cada participante y se calculó el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). A partir del IMC se calculó el Z-score. Para determinar el grado de adhesión a la DM se utilizó el test KidMed.Resultados: La prevalencia de sobrepeso fue de 14,5% y la de obesidad del 10,0%. Un total del 53,3%, 30,1% y 16,6% de la muestra total mostraron una adherencia a la DM alta, media y baja respectivamente. Se estudió la relación entre la adhesión a la DM y los siguientes factores: curso académico, sexo y estado nutricional. El estadístico Chi-cuadrado indicó relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre los factores curso académico y estado nutricional con la adherencia a la DM. A mayor edad y mayor IMC, menor adhesión a la DM.Conclusiones: Se confirmó que la adherencia a la DM tiene una asociación significativa en el estado nutricional de los jóvenes, empeorando a medida que aumenta la edad. Esto pone de manifiesto la necesidad de reeducar los hábitos alimentarios.
Spatial Turn im Archiv- und Bibliothekswesen
Authors: Mesenburg Peter , Neuheuser Hanns Peter
Published: July 2014

Die Untersuchung behandelt in ihrem ersten Teil die oft erhobene Forderung nach einem „Spatial Turn“ in den Geisteswissenschaften sowie speziell im Archiv- und Bibliothekswesen bezüglich der Erschließung von Kartenbeständen. Der neue Vorschlag führt zur Implementierung der Genauigkeitsprüfung für Karten in die Arbeitsabfolge. Zum ersten Mal wird dieses Verfahren für großmaßstäbige Manuskriptkarten vorge­schlagen. Im zweiten Teil des Beitrags wird die rechnergestützte Genauigkeitsanalyse der Karten des Klevischen Katasters (1731–1738) exemplarisch beschrieben. Unter Einsatz der Open-Source-Software MapAnalyst wird am Beispiel der im Gemeindearchiv Schermbeck lagernden Manuskriptkarte 7 ein Weg aufgezeigt, wie die Genauigkeit der graphischen Darstellung der im Jahre 1733 aufgemessenen Grundstücksgrenzen ermittelt werden kann. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung ergaben sich in vielen Bereichen überraschende Übereinstimmungen der Grundstücksstrukturen aus dem Jahr 1733 mit denen des Jahres 2013, die auch bei partieller Analyse zu konstanten Genauigkeitswerten führten. Nach ausgleichender Koordinatentransformation und robuster Schätzung wurden generell und auch in Teilbereichen für die dargestellten Grenzpunkte Standardabweichungen zwischen ±2,3 – ±2,9 m ermittelt.
Tilman Nagels Kritik an der Isnad-cum-matn-Analyse. Eine Replik
Authors: Görke Andreas , Motzki Harald
Published: July 2014

In a recent issue of Arabica, Tilman Nagel published a fundamental critique of the isnād-cum-matn analysis. He claims that the method is a formalistic procedure that is incapable of producing any relevant results with regard to the life of Muḥammad and that is to be regarded as a step backwards in the study of the historical Muḥammad. He also criticises the proponents of this method – most notably Gregor Schoeler and Harald Motzki – and accuses them of methodological flaws and scholarly naïveté. In particular, he argues that the proponents of this method wrongly claim that it allows the identification of ‘authentic’ traditions about the life of Muḥammad.

The following article offers a critical review of Nagel's arguments. It shows that Nagel's criticism is fraught with misunderstandings and misrepresentations of the works he discusses and that his accusations are thus unwarranted and untenable. The article also explains what the isnād-cum-matn analysis actually is and how it can be used for dating traditions, which is – in contrast to Nagel's claims – the method's primary objective.
Verse über Verse. Wie Ibn al-Ḥaǧǧāǧ seine eigene Poesie betrachtet
Authors: Wagner Ewald
Published: July 2014

Several Arabic poets composed verses on poetry in general, and on their own poetry in particular. Some of these metapoetic reflections already have been of interest to the Arabists, and became the subject of literary studies (e.g. Lyons, Schoeler, Fakhreddine, McKinney). If I again took up the topic with the focus on Ibn al-Ḥaǧǧāǧ (d. 1001), so it is because he referred to his own poetry much more often than other poets did. He had reason for this: Ibn al-Ḥaǧǧāǧ became famous – or one could also say infamous – because the new theme of suḫf (scatological obscenety) played an important role in his poetry. So he had to give arguments in support of his way of composing. The article presents a selection from his self-references which show that he not only defends his suḫf, but also boasts of this addition to Arabic poetry, which made his poems spread all over the countries.
The puzzle of heterogeneity in support for free trade
Authors: Drope Jeffrey , Chowdhury Abdur
Published: July 2014

Over time and across countries, researchers have noted frequent and mostly unexplained gender differences in the levels of support for policies of free or freer trade: according to aggregate results from many surveys, women tend to be less favorable toward policies of liberalizing trade than men. Positing an economic security explanation based largely on a mobile factors approach, we ask if it is women generally who are more negative toward trade or rather women who are more economically vulnerable – i.e., women from the scarce labor factor. We utilize data from two recent surveys on individuals’ attitudes toward different facets of trade and its effects to examine this hypothesis empirically. Rejecting a monolithic definition of “women,” we find that disaggregating by education level illuminates to some extent what underlying characteristics might be helping to drive some of these findings. Lower-skilled women in the US are much less likely to support free trade compared to higher-skilled women and this may largely explain previous negative findings. The low versus high-skill dynamic is, however, much less clear in the findings using survey data from a small sample of developing countries.
Multi-component synthesis of 1,2-diphenyl-2-[2-(5-aryl-6H-1,3,4-thiadiazin-2-yl)hydrazono]ethanone
Authors: Aychiluhim Tewodros Birhanu , Vedula Rajeswar Rao
Published: July 2014

The reaction of thiocarbohydrazide with benzil and a substituted phenacyl bromide provides a facile synthetic route to a 1,2-diphenyl-2-[2-(5-aryl-6H-1,3,4-thiadiazin-2-yl)hydrazono]ethanone. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral and analytical data.
A Finite-difference Scheme Combining with Finite-volume Technique by Using General Quadrilateral Cells
Authors: Zhu Zheming , Zeng Ligang , Liu Kai , Fu Yangcheng
Published: July 2014

A finite-difference scheme by using general quadrilateral cells was developed, and a method of quarter integration path was proposed and was applied in the calculation of node forces. By using the technique of finite-volume and Green's integration formula, the finite-difference equations were obtained, and the equations were programmed by using VB.NET program language, and a code DMFD was developed. By using this code, a P-wave propagating along a finite-length rock bar was simulated, and the numerical results agree very well with the theoretical results as well as the results from ABAQUS code. Finally, the in-situ blasting in a hydropower station was simulated by using DMFD code, and the results generally agree with the in-situ results as well as those predicted by UDEC code.
Association of urinary RBP4 with insulin resistance, inflammation, and microalbuminuria
Authors: Park Se Eun , Lee Nam Seok , Park Ji Woo , Rhee Eun-Jung , Lee Won-Young , Oh Ki-Won , Park Sung-Woo , Park Cheol-Young , Youn Byung-Soo
Published: July 2014

Objective

Serum concentrations of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) are elevated in type 2 diabetes and associated with the severity of insulin resistance; however, there are few data about the relationship between urinary RBP4 levels and metabolic parameters. We assessed urinary RBP4 as a new biomarker by establishing its relationship with clinical parameters associated with insulin resistance and urinary albumin excretion.

Design and methods

We measured RBP4 in the serum and urine of 689 subjects with diverse glucose tolerance status. We also evaluated the relationship between urinary RBP4 and cardiometabolic risk factors, including insulin resistance, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), arterial stiffness, and microalbuminuria.

Results

Urinary RBP4 levels were higher in insulin-resistant subjects with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes than in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (type 2 diabetes>prediabetes>NGT; allP<0.001). Urinary RBP4 correlated strongly with homeostasis model assessments of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting glucose, triglycerides, blood pressure, hsCRP, arterial stiffness, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (allP<0.01). HOMA-IR and arterial stiffness were found to be independent determinants of urinary RBP4 concentration. Furthermore, urinary RBP4 was highly predictive of microalbuminuria (odds ratio 2.6, 95% CI 1.6–4.2), even after adjustment for other metabolic parameters. The area under the ROC curve for urinary RBP4 to detect the presence of microalbuminuria was 0.80±0.02 (95% CI 0.76–0.84) and the cut-off value was 157.01 μg/gCr.

Conclusions

Urinary RBP4 concentrations were elevated in patients with dysregulation of glucose metabolism and were related to various cardiometabolic risk factors including insulin resistance, inflammation, and microalbuminuria.
Особливості генерування активних форм кисню та азоту за гострої гепатотоксичності
Authors: Shmarakov I. О. , Borschovetska V. L. , Marchenko М. М.
Published: July 2014

Розвиток більшості патологічних станів відбувається за вільнорадикальним механізмом, що на клітинному рівні характеризується посиленням продукування вільних радикалів, серед яких особливе місце належить активним формам кисню та азоту (АФК/АФА). Основними продуцентами вільнорадикальних форм кисню виступають передусім мембранні електронтранспортні NADH-залежні системи мітохондрій, NADPH-залежні системи ендоплазматичного ретикулуму, а також цитозольні оксидоредуктазні ферменти та мультиферментні комплекси. У роботі встановили особливості генерування супероксидного аніон радикала (О2·) як первинної активної форми кисню та оксиду азоту (NO·) в умовах тіоацетамід-індукованої гепатотоксичності. У виділених методом диференційного центрифугування субклітинних фракціях (мітохондріальна, мікросомна, постмікросомна) печінки мишей лінії C57BL/6J встановлено особливості NAD(P)H-залежного генерування супероксидного аніон радикала (О2·) як первинної активної форми кисню та оксиду азоту (NO·) в умовах тіоацетамід-індукованої гепатотоксичності та застосування фармакологічних доз вітаміну А. Розвиток гострої гепатотоксичності, індукованої одноразовим інтраперитонеальним уведенням 500 мг/кг тіоацетаміду, супроводжується зростанням інтенсивності продукування супероксидного аніон радикала та оксиду азоту мікросомною та цитозольною фракціями клітин печінки, але не мітохондріальною фракцією. Уведення фармакологічних доз вітаміну А (3000 МО) не викликає гепатопротекторного ефекту, проте посилює продукування активних форм кисню та азоту в печінці за гострої гепатотоксичності.
Роль ферментов катаболизма АМР в энергетическом статусе эритроцитов в условиях их истощения по глюкозе
Authors: Dotsenko O. I. , Troshchynskaya Y. A.
Published: July 2014

Изучено изменение активностей ферментов катаболизма АМР эритроцитов мембраносвязанной (eN) и цитоплазматической (cN-1A) форм 5’-нуклеотидазы, AMP-дезаминазы в условиях истощения по глюкозе и при действии на клетки вибрации в диапазоне 8–32 Гц (с шагом 4 Гц) амплитудой 0,5 ± 0,04 мм. На основании экспериментальных данных проанализированы механизмы регуляции метаболизма аденилатов в эритроцитах человека и принципы взаимодействия метаболизма аденилатов и энергетического метаболизма клетки. Активность мембраносвязанной 5’-нуклеотидазы может отражать перестройки липидного бислоя клетки при действии на нее внешних факторов.
Кислотно-гемолитическая устойчивость эритроцитов напряженного эритропоэза в условиях низкочастотной вибрации
Authors: Dotsenko O. I.
Published: July 2014

Исследовано 14-дневное влияние вибрации с частотами 8, 16, 24 и 32 Гц, амплитудой 0,8±0,12 мм на кислотную резистентность эритроцитов мышей. Вибрация с частотами 8, 16 и 24 Гц вызывает напряженный эритропоэз. Высокая активность стресс-реализующих механизмов приводит к падению общего содержания эритроцитов в крови, снижению доли «старых», низкостойких эритроцитов и общему повышению их устойчивости к кислотному гемолизу. Вибрация с частотой 32 Гц блокирует эритропоэз, следствием чего является быстрое истощение резерва зрелых эритроцитов и снижение их кислотной устойчивости.
Birds from the Old East Slavic settlement “Igren 8” (12th–13th century AD; Ukraine)
Authors: Gorobets L. V. , Matlaev I. V.
Published: July 2014

The work presents the results of the analysis of a species diversity of the Old East Slavic settlement “Igren 8”(Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine). The settlement occupied the area of nearly 15 hawhich was relatively large for this region. In Medieval period around the mouths of tributaries to the delta of the Dnieperdense forests were located, although the region is located in the south forest-steppe zone and the steppe zone. The majority of hunted birds belong to the group Anatidae (at least 72% of the minimum possible number of individuals). Poultry played the minor role in the diet of the residents of the medieval settlement “Igren 8”. We have drawn the conclusion about birds from “Igren 8”inhabiting water with thickets of the hygrophyte vegetation on the periphery. Nowadays, there are many embryophytes such as Phragmites australis, Typha spp., Glyceria maxima, Acorus calamus and others in these places. Hygrophytes covering of reservoirs is typically less than 20%.
Біоінформаційний підхід у корекції негативного емоційного стану у щурів
Authors: Bevzyuk D. A. , Levicheva N. A.
Published: July 2014

Отримано адекватну модель негативної емоційної поведінки у щурів шляхом стимулювання заднього вентромедіального гіпоталамуса. Уведення інформації, що міститься в біопотенціалах позитивно емоціогенного вентролатерального гіпоталамуса головного мозку щура-донора щурам-реципієнтам із модельованою агресивною поведінкою, викликає рівноважний емоційний гомеостаз, що виражається у зникненні судомних компонентів та дифузних афективних пароксизмів на ЕЕГ, проявах позитивниго грумінгу та спокою. Цей спосіб корекції емоційного гомеостазу уявляється ефективним для подальшого вивчення як новий шлях корекції емоційних розладів.
Strength characteristics of lime-activated slag cement
Authors: Murmu Meena , Singh Suresh Prasad
Published: July 2014

This paper reports on the strength and hydration products of slag cement prepared by activating ground granulated blast-furnace slag with lime and plaster of Paris (PoP). The compressive strengths of slag–lime–PoP mixes at specified curing periods were determined by varying the lime content from 5% to 40% and PoP from 1% to 10% of the dry weight of slag. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry tests were performed to examine the hydration products, the rate of hydration and the microstructure. A correlation was established between the developed strength, raw material compositions and the microstructure. Optimisation of raw material compositions in the mix was determined by adopting the generalised reduced gradient algorithm and it was found that the optimum composition of raw material changed marginally with the curing period of mortar specimens.
The growth of fungi and their effect on the behaviour of cement–polymer composites
Authors: Fiertak Maria , Stanaszek-Tomal Elżbieta , Kozak Aleksander
Published: July 2014

The paper deals with test results of the influence of Penicillium chrysogenum and Cladosporium herbarum fungi on the mechanical and sorption properties of cement mortars CEM I and the mortars modified by polymers. The corrosion processes were identified by chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis, by the aid of a scanning microscope with an X-ray microanalyser and by mercury porosimetry. The results presented show a high concentration of the fungi in the mortars, especially in the materials modified by polysiloxane and acrylic polymers. The presence of the fungi greatly influences the useful properties of cement materials. The high growth of these microorganisms significantly influences the mass moisture and absorbability as well as flexural strength, which is strictly connected with these properties. The actions of the filamentous fungi resulted in two opposing processes: the unsealing of the structure and deposition of corrosion products.
Briefing: Standards in asset management: PAS 55 to ISO 55000
Authors: Woodhouse John
Published: July 2014

Good asset management is increasingly viewed as normal practice in mature organisations around the world. This briefing paper explains the current status and developments in standards for asset management. It outlines, in particular, the PAS 55 and ISO 55000 sets of requirement specification and explains the similarities and differences between them. The document also summarises the transition implications for auditing and certification.
Predation and associational refuge drive ontogenetic niche shifts in an arctiid caterpillar
Authors: Grof-Tisza Patrick , Holyoak Marcel , Antell Edward , Karban Richard
Published: July 2014

Despite the ubiquity of ontogenetic niche shifts, their drivers and consequences are poorly understood. Different nutritional requirements and stage‐specific physiological limitations have often been offered as explanations for these life history features, but emerging work has demonstrated that top‐down factors may also be important. We studied the roles of predation and associational refuge in ontogenetic niche shifts for a holometabolous insect (Platyprepia virginalis), which shifts habitats and host plants to pupate. We examined the effect of pupation site selection across habitats and host plants by late‐instar caterpillars on the rate of predation during the relatively vulnerable pupal stage. Studying the ontogenetic transition from mobile caterpillar to non‐feeding, sessile pupa allows isolation of top‐down effects from bottom‐up, nutritional effects. An observational study supported previous findings that feeding caterpillars preferred marsh habitats, but pupating caterpillars preferred prairie habitats. Experiments demonstrated that caterpillars preferred to pupate within a physically defended plant species. Pupation within this defended plant species resulted in reduced predation (an associational refuge), and removal of the physical defense structures negated the reduced‐predation effect. This experiment shows that ontogenetic niche shifts can be driven by predation and can involve facilitation by a host plant that provides a refuge to predation. The co‐option of plant chemical defenses by animals is widely established. However, finding a clear example in which an animal exploits a plant's physical defense is rare, especially in the context of ontogenetic niche shifts. This work shows that facilitation mediated by refuge from predation provided by host plants and life‐stage‐dependent predation risk can interact to shape species' distributions.