bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances and prospects of multi-modal ophthalmic artificial intelligence based on deep learning: a review
Authors: Wang Shaopan , He Xin , Jian Zhongquan , Li Jie , Xu Changsheng , Chen Yuguang , Liu Yuwen , Chen Han , Huang Caihong , Hu Jiaoyue , Liu Zuguo
Published: October 2024

Background

In recent years, ophthalmology has emerged as a new frontier in medical artificial intelligence (AI) with multi-modal AI in ophthalmology garnering significant attention across interdisciplinary research. This integration of various types and data models holds paramount importance as it enables the provision of detailed and precise information for diagnosing eye and vision diseases. By leveraging multi-modal ophthalmology AI techniques, clinicians can enhance the accuracy and efficiency of diagnoses, and thus reduce the risks associated with misdiagnosis and oversight while also enabling more precise management of eye and vision health. However, the widespread adoption of multi-modal ophthalmology poses significant challenges.

Main text

In this review, we first summarize comprehensively the concept of modalities in the field of ophthalmology, the forms of fusion between modalities, and the progress of multi-modal ophthalmic AI technology. Finally, we discuss the challenges of current multi-modal AI technology applications in ophthalmology and future feasible research directions.

Conclusion

In the field of ophthalmic AI, evidence suggests that when utilizing multi-modal data, deep learning-based multi-modal AI technology exhibits excellent diagnostic efficacy in assisting the diagnosis of various ophthalmic diseases. Particularly, in the current era marked by the proliferation of large-scale models, multi-modal techniques represent the most promising and advantageous solution for addressing the diagnosis of various ophthalmic diseases from a comprehensive perspective. However, it must be acknowledged that there are still numerous challenges associated with the application of multi-modal techniques in ophthalmic AI before they can be effectively employed in the clinical setting.
Cannabis-related information sources among US residents: A probability-weighted nationally representative survey
Authors: Boehnke Kevin F. , Smith Tristin , Elliott Michael R. , Wilson-Poe Adrianne R. , Kruger Daniel J.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The Department of Health and Human Services recently recommended rescheduling cannabis from Schedule I to Schedule III, which might have broad effects on public health outcomes related to cannabis. In this changing environment, understanding national patterns in how people obtain information about cannabis is critical to informing public health outreach and education.

Methods

We surveyed American adults (≥ 18 years) between June 22nd-26th, 2023 using the AmeriSpeak panel. We assessed past year cannabis use, intentions for cannabis use, and where participants got their information about cannabis. We investigated differences by past year use and explored associations between demographic and cannabis use characteristics with information sources using logistic regression.

Results

Participants (n = 1,161) were 48.3±27.3 years of age (mean±standard deviation), 51% female, and 27% reported past year cannabis use. The most common information sources used were friends/family (35.6%) and websites (33.7%), while the least common information sources were health/medical care providers (9.3%), employees at place of purchase (8.6%), and government agencies (4.7%). Past year cannabis use was positively associated with all information sources except government agencies and popular media articles. A higher proportion of those using cannabis medically (with or without recreational use) obtained information from a healthcare provider (16.4% vs. 5.2%, p = 0.006).

Conclusions

As cannabis accessibility increases and legality continues changing, there is a strong need for better clinician education, improved public health outreach, and improved communication between patients and clinicians about cannabis.
Precision diagnosis and treatment of vitamin metabolism-related epilepsy
Authors: Gan Yajing , Li Guoyan , Wei Zihan , Feng Yan , Shi Yuqing , Deng Yanchun
Published: October 2024

Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the nervous system caused by abnormal discharges from brain cells. Structural, infectious, metabolic, immunologic, and unknown causes can contribute to the development of seizures. In recent years, there has been increasing attention on epilepsy caused by genetic metabolic disorders. More than two hundred inherited metabolic disorders have been identified as potential cause of seizures, and they are mainly associated with energy deficiency in the brain, accumulation of toxic substances, abnormal neurotransmitter transmission, and deficiency of cofactors. Vitamins play a crucial role as components of several enzymes or coenzymes. Impaired metabolism of thiamine, biotin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folic acid can contribute to early-onset seizures and developmental abnormalities in infants. However, timely supplementation therapy can significantly improve patient prognosis of affected patients. Therefore, a thorough understanding and investigation of the metabolic basis of epilepsy is essential for the development of precise therapeutic approaches, which could provide significant therapeutic benefits for patients.
Use of implementation mapping to develop a multifaceted implementation strategy for an electronic prospective surveillance model for cancer rehabilitation
Authors: Lopez Christian J. , Neil-Sztramko Sarah E. , Tanyoas Mounir , Campbell Kristin L. , Bender Jackie L. , Strudwick Gillian , Langelier David M. , Reiman Tony , Greenland Jonathan , Jones Jennifer M. ,   on behalf of the Canadian Cancer Rehabilitation Team
Published: October 2024

Background

Electronic Prospective Surveillance Models (ePSMs) remotely monitor the rehabilitation needs of people with cancer via patient-reported outcomes at pre-defined time points during cancer care and deliver support, including links to self-management education and community programs, and recommendations for further clinical screening and rehabilitation referrals. Previous guidance on implementing ePSMs lacks sufficient detail on approaches to select implementation strategies for these systems. The purpose of this article is to describe how we developed an implementation plan for REACH, an ePSM system designed for breast, colorectal, lymphoma, and head and neck cancers.

Methods

Implementation Mapping guided the process of developing the implementation plan. We integrated findings from a scoping review and qualitative study our team conducted to identify determinants to implementation, implementation actors and actions, and relevant outcomes. Determinants were categorized using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), and the implementation outcomes taxonomy guided the identification of outcomes. Next, determinants were mapped to the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) taxonomy of strategies using the CFIR-ERIC Matching Tool. The list of strategies produced was refined through discussion amongst our team and feedback from knowledge users considering each strategy’s feasibility and importance rating via the Go-Zone plot, feasibility and applicability to the clinical contexts, and use among other ePSMs reported in our scoping review.

Results

Of the 39 CFIR constructs, 22 were identified as relevant determinants. Clinic managers, information technology teams, and healthcare providers with key roles in patient education were identified as important actors. The CFIR-ERIC Matching Tool resulted in 50 strategies with Level 1 endorsement and 13 strategies with Level 2 endorsement. The final list of strategies included 1) purposefully re-examine the implementation, 2) tailor strategies, 3) change record systems, 4) conduct educational meetings, 5) distribute educational materials, 6) intervene with patients to enhance uptake and adherence, 7) centralize technical assistance, and 8) use advisory boards and workgroups.

Conclusion

We present a generalizable method that incorporates steps from Implementation Mapping, engages various knowledge users, and leverages implementation science frameworks to facilitate the development of an implementation strategy. An evaluation of implementation success using the implementation outcomes framework is underway.
Evaluation of treatment-related problems in hemodialysis patients in Egypt: a prospective observational study
Authors: Helmy Noha H. , Hussein Amal , Sadek Eman Mohamed , Alarfaj Sumaiah J. , El Minshawy Osama , Wahsh Engy A.
Published: October 2024

Background

Hemodialysis (HD) patients often have multiple comorbidities, leading to care from various prescribers and a complex medication regimen. Patients on HD are particularly vulnerable to treatment-related problems (TRPs). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the lack of clinical pharmacy services on HD care by assessing the types and frequencies of TRPs encountered in HD units.

Patients and methods

This was a prospective observational study. Data were collected from medical records and medication reconciliation of HD patients attending to a large Hospital specialized in Nephrology and Urology at the Minia region in Egypt. The frequencies and percentages of demographic data were calculated. Standard multiple regression analysis was conducted to assess predictors of TRPs.

Results

A total of 103 patients were included. The mean age was 47.6 ± 15.1 years; patients had been on HD for 5.95 ± 5.04 years, had 2.47 ± 0.57 comorbidities and took 7.02 ± 1.35 different medications. Within the included patients, 121 TRPs were identified. The most common TRPs were the need for more frequent monitoring, followed by inappropriate dose/dosing frequency and the need for additional therapy (33.9%, 26.2%, and 15.5%, respectively). We did not identify any predictors of TRP in this study.

Conclusion

In the Minia HD population of Egypt, TRPs affected 75% of the patients. Therefore, involving clinical pharmacy services to tailor the optimal management plan for each patient is crucial to reduce the frequency of TRPs in this vulnerable patient population.
What is an impact of hearing aids primarily fitted for presbyacusis on quality of life in patients complaining of tinnitus: a pilot study
Authors: Kaniewska Emilia , Refaie Amr El
Published: October 2024

Objective

To assess the secondary effect of hearing aids primarily fitted for presbyacusis and their impact on the quality of life of patients complaining of tinnitus.

Design

Pilot case study

Study sample

Adults with presbyacusis hearing loss were recruited in the Asker ENT clinic in Norway. Twenty consecutive patients were included in the pilot study.

Methods

Twenty patients who were diagnosed with presbyacusis and additional tinnitus by the hearing tests (pure tone audiometry and speech audiometry) and medical interviews were recruited for the study. The level of their tinnitus distress was measured by the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) before and around 2 months after the hearing aid fitting. The results were afterwards statistically analyzed using paired sampled t-tests in Excel.

Results

The data showed that hearing aids fitted primarily for presbyacusis can improve the quality of life in individuals suffering from tinnitus (p = 0.001504). In our sample, women showed higher levels of complaints about their tinnitus, compared to men. We found that age was an influencing factor on the outcomes of hearing aid usage for both presbyacusis and tinnitus, as people in this study before the age of 75 benefited less than patients above 75 (p = 0.005). All patients with moderate hearing loss in our sample showed significant improvement in their quality of life in regard to their tinnitus complaint, with a statistical value of p = 0.044. Also, patients with the lower levels of THI (slight and mild) were the groups who had the most clinically significant improvements in tinnitus distress. Finally, while analyzing the answers to all the THI questionnaire questions from the patients who did not show improvements in THI scores, a pattern of having trouble sleeping was detected as the most probable factor.

Conclusions

The results showed that hearing aids fitted primarily for presbycusis can have a positive influence on the perception of tinnitus and their quality of life.
Determinants of Cormack–Lehane grading for glottic exposure in microlaryngeal surgery in Middle Delta Egyptian patients
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed Zakaria , Khalifa Mohamed Adel , Hegazy Hassan Moustafa , Shehata Emad Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Background

Laryngoscopy is a diagnostic procedure utilized in critical care to examine and visualize the larynx through the diversion of upper airway structures. Its primary functions are airway management and tracheal intubation. The objective of this study was to detect the predictors of laryngeal exposure during microlaryngeal surgery (MLS).

Methods

An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on a consecutive sample of 100 patients presenting laryngeal lesions that were trans-orally microsurgeries to treat various glottic diseases (biopsies revealed 68% benign lesions such as vocal fold polyps, cysts, and nodules, and 32% glottic masses) and prepared for MLS.

Results

This study included 100 patients presenting laryngeal lesions from both sexes with the age of 47.0 ± 14.7 years, in multivariate logistic regression analysis, all these parameters were significant predictors for Cormack–Lehane and Italian Grading (P < 0.05). Body mass index (BMI) (OR = 3.449, 95% CI = 2.463–8.187), mandibular protrusion test (OR = 2.981, 95% CI = 1.922–4.044), mento-sternal length (OR = 3.722, 95% CI = 1.980–7.794), and atlanto-occipital joint (AOJ) extension (OR = 1.572, 95% CI = 1.865–4.263). Cormack–Lehane and Italian Grading was significantly associated with BMI, mandibular protrusion test, Mallampati Index, mento-thyroid, mento-sternal length, and AOJ extension, it increased with BMI of > 35, with more protruded mandible (class C), higher Mallampati Index (class III) and shorter mento-sternal distance (≤ 12.5 cm).

Conclusions

During microlaryngeal surgery, BMI, mandibular protrusion test, Mallampati Index, mento sternal and AOJ extension were significant predictors of Cormack–Lehane and Italian Grading which makes it easier for laryngeal exposure.
Incidence and severity of COVID-19 between vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals
Authors: Shehata Dina Abdel Hamed , El-Sorougi Waleed Mohamed , Abdalrazik Fatmaalzahraa Saad
Published: October 2024

Background

The causal agent in a lower respiratory tract sample was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Objective

To evaluate the vaccinated and unvaccinated persons for signs and severity of SARS-CoV-2.

Patients and methods

This retrospective analysis included 99 cases ranging in age from 25 to 65 with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We compared the incidence and severity of COVID-19 between vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups for a variety of COVID-19 outcomes. We performed the following tests on all cases: blood pressure, pulse rate, oxygen saturation, PCR, CBC, CRP, ferritin, and D-dimer.

Results

In terms of severity, 60.6% of cases are in the moderate category, and 13.1% are in the critical level. Among the non-vaccinated group, 47.2% had lung symptoms, compared to 22.2% in the vaccinated group (p = 0.001). The vaccinated group had a mix of pulmonary and extrapulmonary symptoms. A significant difference between groups: 36 (100%) of unvaccinated had CT, 26 (96.3%) of two-dose vaccinated cases, and 30 (83.3%) of three-dose vaccinated cases.

Conclusion

We provided proof that vaccine recipients had reduced CT severity ratings and elevated inflammatory markers compared to those individuals who were not given vaccines. Cases that were not immunized had lower oxygen saturation levels.
Rice straw biochar and NPK minerals for sustainable crop production in arid soils: a case study on maize-wheat cropping system
Authors: Mohamed Ibrahim , El-habbak Amany K. , Abbas Mohamed H. , Scopa Antonio , Drosos Marios , AbdelRahman Mohamed A. E. , Bassouny Mohamed A.
Published: October 2024

Maize and wheat are the main cereals grown in Egypt. However, the country relies on grain imports to meet its local demands. In order to improve their production, appropriate fertilization programs are needed. The present study investigates the effects of amending a clayey soil of an arid region with rice straw biochar and NPK mineral fertilizers, individually or in combination, for increasing growth and productivity of maize and wheat crops. Additionally, impacts of these additives on soil biological activities and carbon (C) transformations in soil were a matter of concern herein. To achieve this objective, a field research of a randomized block design was conducted during the summer (maize) and winter (wheat) seasons of 2020/2021. The following treatments were considered: unmodified control (CK), 100% N inputs in the form of biochar (reference organic treatment, RSB) (T
1
), 100% mineral treatment (reference inorganic treatment, T
2
), 75% RSB + 25% NPK minerals (T
3
), 50% RSB + 50% NPK minerals (T
4
) and 25% RSB + 75% NPK minerals (T
5
). Additional doses of mineral fertilizers were added to treatments from T
3
to T
5
to maintain NPK inputs within the recommended doses. Key results showed that all additives significantly enhanced plant growth parameters and productivity. They also increased soil organic carbon level by the end of the growing season hence reduced soil bulk density, even for the treatment that received only mineral NPK applications (T
2
). All additives also upraised soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil available nitrogen (N), and soil salinity. However, sole application of biochar recorded the least increase in soil salinity. Combined mineral-organic treatments not only recorded the highest increases in soluble and microbial fractions of organic carbon and nitrogen in soil; but also noted the greatest improvements in growth and grain productivity of maize and wheat versus sole applications of mineral fertilizers or biochar. The alkaline nature of biochar was buffered by soil while no significant differences were observed in harvest index among treatments. In conclusion, combined use of biochar and mineral fertilizers, especially T
5
is recommended for increasing soil fertility and wheat and maize grain productvity.
A case of salvage surgery following chemoradiotherapy and durvalumab for initially unresectable superior sulcus tumor with N3 involvement
Authors: Manabe Takehiko , Kanayama Masatoshi , Matsumiya Hiroki , Yoshimatsu Katsuma , Mori Masataka , Nishizawa Natsumasa , Taira Akihiro , Takenaka Masaru , Kuroda Koji , Azuma Koichi , Tanaka Fumihiro
Published: October 2024

Background

Durvalumab after chemoradiation (PACIFIC regimen) provides favorable treatment outcomes for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The feasibility of salvage surgery after the PACIFIC regimen has been reported in some studies; however, its efficacy remains unclear. We herein present the first case of salvage surgery after the PACIFIC regimen for a superior sulcus tumor with N3 involvement, in which a pathological complete response was achieved.

Case presentation

A 53-year-old man with a left superior sulcus tumor with N3 (# 1L, #4R) involvement (adenocarcinoma, clinical T3N3M0/IIIC) underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (2 cycles of cisplatin plus vinorelbine with 60 Gy radiotherapy) followed by durvalumab treatment for 1 year at a previous hospital. The PACIFIC regimen provided a significant primary tumor shrinkage (diameter 3.1 cm to 0.5 cm) with the disappearance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in all nodes. Six months after the end of the PACIFIC regimen, only the primary tumor showed enlargement (diameter 0.5 cm to 2.0 cm). Accordingly, local tumor recurrence was suspected. Salvage surgery (left upper lobectomy with combined chest wall resection [1st to 4th rib]) was performed. The histological examination revealed no viable tumor cells (ypT0N0M0). At 7 months after salvage surgery, the patient remains alive with no signs of tumor recurrence.

Conclusions

The present case suggests that salvage surgery may be feasible after the PACIFIC regimen for superior sulcus tumors. A long-term follow-up is essential to determine the efficacy of salvage surgery.
GPR survey for the precise location of early Christian ecclesiastical components in ancient Messene, Greece
Authors: Arvanitis Michael , Deligiannakis Georgios , Tsivikis Nikos
Published: October 2024

We used ground-penetrating radar to detect and map artifacts related to an early Christian church located in the ancient city of Messene, Greece. Despite significant archaeological work in the area, archaeologists needed to know where to dig next to save time in the field. We identified areas that correlate with existing findings to guide future excavations.
Efficacy and Safety of Roxadustat for Anemia in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy for Nonmyeloid Malignancies: A Randomized, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Phase III Study
Authors: Lu Shun , Wu Jiong , Jiang Jin , Guo Qisen , Yu Yan , Liu Yu , Zhang Hua , Qian Ling , Dai Xiumei , Xie Yanyan , Fu Ting , Lee Tyson , Lu Yan , Ma Rui , Eisner Mark D.
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of roxadustat, a first-in-class hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, for chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA) in patients with nonmyeloid malignancies receiving multicycle treatments of chemotherapy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

In this open-label, noninferiority phase III study conducted at 44 sites in China, 159 participants age ≥18 years with CIA nonmyeloid malignancy and CIA were randomly assigned (1:1) to oral roxadustat or subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin-α (rHuEPO-α) three times a week for 12 weeks. Roxadustat starting dosages were 100, 120, and 150 mg three times a week for participants weighing 40-<50, 50-60, and >60 kg, respectively. rHuEPO-α starting dosage for all participants was 150 IU/kg three times a week. Both roxadustat and rHuEPO-α dosages could be modified. The primary end point was least-squares mean (LSM) change in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration from baseline to the concentration averaged over weeks 9-13.

RESULTS

Of the 159 participants randomly assigned, 140 were included in the per-protocol set (roxadustat, n = 78; rHuEPO-α, n = 62). The LSM (95% two-sided CI) change from baseline to weeks 9-13 in Hb concentration was 17.1 (13.58 to 20.71) g/L with roxadustat and 15.4 (11.34 to 19.50) g/L with rHuEPO-α (mean difference [95% CI], 1.7 [–3.39 to 6.84]). The lower bound of the one-sided 97.5% CI for the treatment difference (‒3.4 g/L) was greater than the predefined noninferiority margin of ‒6.6 g/L, establishing noninferiority. Noninferiority was supported by five of six key secondary end points. Rates of adverse events were generally comparable between treatments and consistent with previous findings.

CONCLUSION

Roxadustat was noninferior to rHuEPO-α in treating CIA in participants with nonmyeloid malignancies receiving multicycle treatments of myelosuppressive chemotherapy. The oral formulation of roxadustat may potentially increase compliance.
Challenging Diagnostic Workup of a 22-year-old Patient With Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease
Authors: Wernig Jakob , Pilz Stefan , Trummer Christian , Theiler-Schwetz Verena , Schmitt Lisa Maria , Tsybrovskyy Oleksiy
Published: October 2024

Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is a rare cause of ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome (CS), presenting diagnostic challenges due to its rarity and its difficult clinical differentiation from other causes of CS. Here, we report the case of a 22-year-old female who developed classical symptoms of hypercortisolism including progressive weight gain, moon facies, and various skin manifestations. Despite biochemical screening confirming ACTH-independent CS, imaging modalities including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed normal adrenal gland morphology, complicating the localization of cortisol hypersecretion. Subsequent nuclear imaging methods were not indicative of ectopic cortisol production until adrenal vein sampling (AVS) conclusively identified the adrenal glands as the only possible source of cortisol hypersecretion. Eventually, bilateral adrenalectomy led to a significant improvement in symptoms. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of PPNAD, and genetic testing revealed a mutation in the PRKAR1A gene associated with the Carney complex. This case highlights the importance of considering rare etiologies in hypercortisolism diagnosis and describes their challenging diagnostic workup and the utility of AVS in localizing cortisol hypersecretion in PPNAD patients.
Voces clamantium in deserto
Authors: Trudel Éric , Lefort-Favreau Julien
Published: October 2024

Baudelaire, prédisant notre « ruine universelle », déclarait platement: « le monde va finir »; Duras jugeait que la seule politique du monde était qu’il « aille à sa perte »; Houellebecq, titre après titre, poursuit l’examen d’un anéantissement jugé irréversible. Des jérémiades du poète face à la catastrophe imminente aux imprécations du chroniqueur réactionnaire et paniqué face à un présent décadent où se devine déjà la fin, du romancier dystopique en passant par le mélancolique ressassant les révolutions perdues et contemplant un avenir sans horizon qui chante, la littérature regorge de prophètes de malheur. Nombreux et nombreuses sont ceux et celles qui, depuis deux siècles, se sont voulus Cassandre et ont fait de leur œuvre le lieu de prédictions diverses sur l’avenir incertain du monde—et souvent, du même geste, celui de la littérature. C’est à eux que ce numéro de Romanic Review est consacré.
Two Solitudes
Authors: Armstrong Joshua
Published: October 2024

Contemporary French novelists Michel Houellebecq and Yannick Haenel may seem to have little in common, but in fact both are given to making pronouncements about the state of Western civilization, and each has been described as prophetic in this regard. Houellebecq’s Sérotonine (2019) and Haenel’s Tiens ferme ta couronne (2017) are both stories whose protagonists isolate in their apartments, and—from that remove—proceed to, ostensibly, see the world for what it really is. Looming in both novels is a twenty-four-hour-news-cycle culture that serves as the ultimate prophet of doom. Haenel’s hero finds in solitude the critical distance from that culture needed to formulate an alternative vision of the world and exorcise the horror just enough to find hope. In Houellebecq’s novel, that distance is impossible, as his hero, a self-proclaimed “telemancer,” remains obsessed with cable news and as, on a deeper level, Houellebecq’s style merges seamlessly with the news cycle’s fearmongering logic.
The Total Effect of Social Origins on Educational Attainment: Meta-analysis of Sibling Correlations From 18 Countries
Authors: Anderson Lewis R. , Präg Patrick , Akimova Evelina T. , Monden Christiaan
Published: October 2024

The sibling correlation (SC), which estimates the total effect of family background (i.e., social origins), can be interpreted as measuring a society's inequality of opportunity. Its sensitivity to observed and unobserved factors makes the SC an all-encompassing measure and an attractive choice for comparative research. We gather and summarize all available estimates of SCs in educational attainment (M = .46, SD = .09) and employ meta-regression to explore variability in these estimates. First, we find significantly lower SCs in Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Denmark than in the United States, with U.S. correlations roughly .10 (i.e., 25%) higher. Most other (primarily European) countries in our study are estimated to fall in between these countries and the United States. Second, we find a novel Great Gatsby Curve–type positive association between income inequality in childhood and the SC, both cross-nationally and within countries over time. This finding supports theoretical accounts of the Great Gatsby Curve that emphasize the role of educational inequality as a link between economic inequality and social immobility. It implies that greater equality of educational opportunity likely requires reduced economic inequality. Additionally, correlations between sisters are modestly higher, on average, than those between brothers or all siblings, and we find no overall differences between cohorts.
The Fertility Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Structural Change
Authors: Büttner Nicolas , Grimm Michael , Günther Isabel , Harttgen Kenneth , Klasen Stephan
Published: October 2024

Despite recent economic growth and reductions in child mortality in many African countries, the region has experienced a slow fertility transition. In this study, we explore whether the slow structural economic change on the continent can explain this discrepancy. We construct a unique panel dataset combining Demographic and Health Surveys and nighttime light intensity data (an indicator of industrialization) from 57 countries at the subnational region level over three decades to analyze the drivers of fertility transitions across low- and middle-income countries. Our results confirm that household wealth, reduced child mortality, and female primary education are crucial for fertility declines. However, our analysis also highlights the importance of indicators of structural economic change, including the share of labor in nonagricultural occupations, industrialization, the share of women with higher education, and the formalization of the economy. Our simulations suggest that if high-fertility countries in sub-Saharan Africa underwent structural economic transformations comparable to those of other low- and middle-income countries with low fertility rates, their fertility levels could fall by 1 to 1.6 children.
Effect of Exercise Intensity on Biathlon Standing Shooting Performance and Rifle Movement during Outdoor Roller Skiing
Authors: DANIELSEN JØRGEN , LUCHSINGER HARRI , RAVNDAL ANNA , LAAKSONEN MARKO S. , SANDBAKK ØYVIND , MCGHIE DAVID
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of exercise intensity on standing shooting performance and related technical variables in elite biathletes performing roller skiing and live shooting outdoors.

Methods

Nineteen male biathletes performed two 5-shot series in the following order of exercise intensity: rest, low (percentage of maximum heart rate, 73 ± 4; blood lactate, 1.5 ± 0.3 mmol·L−1), moderate (84 ± 3; 2.4 ± 0.6), “race-pace” (90 ± 2; 4.5 ± 0.8), and “final-lap” (i.e., near-maximal effort: 93 ± 3; 8.7 ± 1.4). Except for rest, each shooting series was preceded by 1-km roller ski skating on a competition track. Rifle movements and triggering were determined from marker-based motion capture and accelerometer data. The primary variables were shooting outcome (hit/miss) and distance from center (dC), determined from an electronic target, and barrel velocity. Mediation analyses for shooting outcome and dC were conducted with barrel velocity (mean over last 0.25 s before triggering) as mediator and intensity as predictor.

Results

Exercise intensity increased the likelihood of miss at “race” (odds ratio (OR), 2.2; 95% CI, 1.0–4.7) and “final-lap” (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4–5.8) intensities compared with rest, with no meaningful differences between rest, low, and moderate intensities. Furthermore, intensity affected dC (~32 ± 15 mm at rest, low, and moderate, 36 ± 20 mm at “race,” and 40 ± 23 mm at “final-lap”; P < 0.001). Barrel velocity was a partial mediator of both shooting outcome and dC, explaining some, but not all, of the effect of intensity.

Conclusions

Exercise intensity seems to have a clear negative effect on standing shooting performance in biathlon, which is partially explained by an increase in barrel velocity. Deteriorating effects were mainly seen at the two highest (race-like) intensities. Accordingly, for specificity reasons, more shooting practice should perhaps be performed at higher, competition-like exercise intensities than what is currently the norm.
Inclusão do Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC)/Lei Orgânica de Assistência Social (LOAS) no processo colaborativo do Conselho Nacional de Previdência Social (CNPS) para juros do consignado
Authors: Lima Bárbara Macena de , Kalil Fernanda Brittes , Souza José Rinaldo Soares de , Coelho Luis Fernando da Rocha , Ferreira Rômulo Cardoso
Published: October 2024

A governança colaborativa está diretamente associada à legitimidade democrática, pois estimula a participação e a colaboração dos mais diversos atores diretamente afetados pela tomada de decisões públicas na busca de uma solução para questões que são de interesse comum. Este artigo tecnológico tem como objetivo analisar o processo deliberativo do Conselho Nacional de Previdência Social (CNPS), sob a ótica da governança colaborativa, acerca da definição do teto da taxa de juros aplicáveis aos empréstimos consignados no Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) da Lei Orgânica de Assistência Social (LOAS), considerando que não há representantes de seus beneficiários na estrutura formal do CNPS. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa documental nas atas, pautas de reuniões e resoluções emitidas pelo CNPS no período de janeiro de 2020 até agosto de 2023. Constatou-se a ausência de participação de representantes do BPC/LOAS em todas as discussões relativas aos juros do empréstimo consignado, apesar da presença de outros stakeholders como participantes convidados. Partindo da literatura em governança colaborativa, foram apresentadas propostas de melhoria pela alteração do design institucional do CNPS que viabilize a participação efetiva dos representantes dos beneficiários do BPC/LOAS, além de recomendação para que o CNPS reforce os incentivos à colaboração e participação por todos os atores interessados envolvidos. Espera-se que o artigo apresente contribuições práticas para minimizar as fragilidades do modelo participativo do CNPS e contribuições sociais ao estimular o desenvolvimento de uma governança colaborativa efetiva.
Τροποποίηση των μεταβολικών οδών στον σηπτικό ασθενή
Authors: Κρανιδιώτη Ελευθερία
Published: October 2024

Στόχος: Η διερεύνηση των μεταβολομικών προφίλ που σχετίζονται με διαφορετικές καταστάσεις ανοσολογικής ενεργοποίησης σε ασθενείς με σήψη. Σχεδιασμός: Προοπτική κλινική μελέτηΠαράμετροι: Τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης PROVIDE έδειξαν ότι οι ασθενείς με σήψη μπορούν να ταξινομηθούν σε τρεις καταστάσεις ανοσολογικής ενεργοποίησης: (i) σύνδρομο ομοιάζον με σύνδρομο ενεργοποίησης μακροφάγων (MALS) που χαρακτηρίζεται από υπερφλεγμονή, (ii) ανοσοπαράλυση που προκαλείται από σήψη και (iii) μη ταξινομημένοι ή ενδιάμεσοι ασθενείς χωρίς σοβαρή ανοσολογική δυσλειτουργία. Συμμετέχοντες: 210 ασθενείς από 14 κλινικές περιοχές στην Ελλάδα που πληρούν τους ορισμούς της σήψης-3 με λοίμωξη αναπνευστικού, οξεία χολαγγειίτιδα ή πρωτοπαθή βακτηριαιμία.Μετρήσεις: Πραγματοποιήθηκε μη στοχευμένη μεταβολομική ανάλυση σε δείγματα πλάσματος από 210 ασθενείς (συνολικά 1394 προϊόντα). Η διαφορική ανάλυση αφθονίας εντόπισε 221 σημαντικά διαφορετικούς μεταβολίτες σε όλες τις ανοσολογικές καταστάσεις. Αποτελέσματα: Οι μεταβολίτες εμπλουτίστηκαν σε οδούς που σχετίζονται με τη βιοσύνθεση της ουβικινόνης, τον μεταβολισμό της τυροσίνης και τον μεταβολισμό της τρυπτοφάνης κατά τη σύγκριση του MALS με ανοσοπαράλυση και μη ταξινομημένους ασθενείς. Κατά τη σύγκριση του MALS με μη ταξινομημένους ασθενείς, βρέθηκαν 312 σημαντικά διαφορετικοί μεταβολίτες και η ανάλυση οδού έδειξε εμπλουτισμό σε πολλαπλές οδούς. Η σύγκριση της ανοσοπαράλυσης με μη ταξινομημένους ασθενείς αποκάλυψε μόνο δύο διαφορικά ρυθμιζόμενους μεταβολίτες. Συμπεράσματα: Τα ευρήματα υποδεικνύουν διακριτά μοτίβα μεταβολικής δυσλειτουργίας που σχετίζονται με διαφορετικές ανοσολογικές δυσλειτουργίες στη σήψη: η ισχυρότερη μεταβολική δυσλειτουργία σχετίζεται με το MALS.
Navigating techno-stress: A qualitative exploration of university faculty's experiences and perspectives in the Peruvian context amidst the return to classes and the post-COVID-19 era
Authors: Suyo-Vega Josefina Amanda , Meneses-La-Riva Monica Elisa , Fernández-Bedoya Víctor Hugo
Published: October 2024

Background: Technology serves as a potent tool that enhances the quality of teaching and learning experiences. However, when educators lack proficiency in utilizing technology, it leads to obstacles in providing effective education, resulting in emotions of frustration, diminished self-assurance, and uncertainty regarding their teaching abilities. This study aims to investigate the experiences of university faculty members in relation to the impact of technology on their mental well-being. Methods: For this qualitative study, ten professionals engaged in university-level teaching, encompassing research domains, were selected for interviews. Inclusion criteria were based on teaching experience, tenure, specific courses or subjects taught, and active involvement during the research phase. The guiding question for the study was framed as follows: "What are the experiences and perceptions of university faculty members concerning techno-stress?" Additionally, the study identified four subcategories: work overload, social and emotional interaction, adaption to new technologies, and expectations and teaching quality. Results: Techno-stress is a composite of emotional and physical reactions triggered by the improper use of technology. Faculty members’ encounters with techno-stress have substantial implications for their quality of life. The subcategories shed light on different aspects of the faculty’s experiences, including the burden of excessive workload, the influence of social and emotional interactions, the process of adapting to evolving technologies, and the connection between expectations and the quality of their teaching. Conclusions: This research underscores the significance of technology in higher education, highlighting its potential to positively impact teaching and learning. Nevertheless, faculty members’ struggles with techno-stress indicate a pressing need for effective training and support. Establishing limits on connectivity with technology and others emerges as a crucial step in maintaining a healthy work-life balance. Ultimately, addressing techno-stress and providing appropriate guidance are essential for safeguarding the well-being of university faculty members and, consequently, enhancing the overall educational experience.
Reviewing global suicide rates via X, Y, and Z perspectives
Authors: Ha Kyoo-Man
Published: October 2024

Global suicide rates owing to disaster impacts have been confusing because of varied and unclear results. This study aimed to investigate how suicides have occurred worldwide during disasters. The methodology used included a systematic literature review and comparative analysis. The disaster exacerbation (X, bad human nature, or suicide rate rise) perspective was compared with the disaster resilience (Y, good human nature, or suicide rate fall) perspective to extract disaster ecology (Z, neutral human nature, or suicide rate fluctuation) perspective from international leaders, government officials, researchers, and disaster victims. A major theme was that the four stakeholders would adopt the Z perspective based on the fusion of X and Y perspectives (leading to X+Y=Z), while embracing heterogeneous research, proactive and long-term strategies, education, and so on. This study relied heavily on the large-scale dynamics of suicide rates than previous studies.
Molten Uranium Breeder Reactor (MUBR) and Its Development Steps
Authors: Mann Neal , Wu Zeyun , G. M. Pop Mihai (Mike)
Published: October 2024

Background The Molten Uranium Breeder Reactor (MUBR) is a radical new mixed-energy spectrum breed and burn reactor concept. The MUBR is fueled with molten uranium metal fuel in large fuel tubes instead of thin fuel rods, and is cooled by circulating the molten fuel through a heat exchanger. The purpose of this research is to find MUBR configurations with a SCALE (RSICC request/license 203869) burnup at least 10 times greater than the initial fissile content. Methods A proprietary computer program uses parameters to generate MCNP (RSICC request/license 176034) or SCALE input files and initiate MCNP or SCALE burn simulations and other analysis. This allows relatively fast comparison of different parameters to optimize the configuration. Results MUBR configurations have been found which have SCALE burn simulations through 120 years of fuel life with a burnup of 35% of the initial fuel mass when the initial fuel was Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) (3% U-235). Conclusions These results suggest that if it can be constructed and operated reliably for a long time, the MUBR would be a true breed and burn reactor. Compared to Light Water Reactors (LWR) this would provide many advantages for the nuclear industry and the world such as: reactor operation without shutdowns for refueling or fuel manipulation, no need for special fuel, ten times as much energy per ton of fuel, one tenth as much Used Nuclear Fuel (UNF) per megawatt hour of electricity, no UNF storage required every two years, increased energy security, and reduced nuclear proliferation risk. While development of the MUBR concept from a concept to a prototype reactor will be costly, the advantages suggest that the concept merits further study.
Construction of Cross Energy Type Data Model based on Spatiotemporal Data Mining
Authors: Peng Bo , Li Yaodong , Gong Xianfu , Jian Ganyang , Li Guo
Published: October 2024

In order to ensure the accuracy of oilfield development dynamic data, the author starts from analyzing the characteristics of development dynamic data, and conducts in-depth research on the characteristics of development dynamic data, the algorithm set for accuracy detection of development dynamic data, and comprehensive analysis methods. Firstly, in response to the spatiotemporal heterogeneity in developing dynamic data, combined with the design concept of a multi detector combination algorithm based on spatiotemporal mixed patterns, the accuracy detection algorithm is evaluated and selected. Based on this, the author proposes a development dynamic data accuracy detection method that considers the influence of multiple factors (FAGTN); Secondly, ARIMA, MGLN, STGCN, and FAGTN algorithms were selected as the algorithm sets for developing dynamic data accuracy detection, in order to complete the data accuracy detection based on monthly oil well data as the research object; Then, a combined weighting based analysis method was proposed to comprehensively analyze the accuracy detection results of dynamic data development, and the results showed: The dynamic data accuracy detection method based on ARIMA has the worst performance, with detection accuracy below 70% in different detection attributes, which is relatively not high enough; The development of dynamic data accuracy detection method based on MGLN achieved an accuracy rate of 80.53% when detecting sleeve pressure, but the accuracy rate did not reach 80% when detecting oil pressure, dynamic liquid level, monthly oil and water production, and the detection effect was relatively unstable; The accuracy of developing dynamic data accuracy detection methods based on STGCN fluctuates around 80%; Realize comprehensive evaluation of detection results; Finally, the experiment and evaluation of the comprehensive detection method for developing dynamic data accuracy were completed using real sample data.
Design and Simulation Analysis of Bridge Anti-collision Structure based on Nonlinear Numerical Simulation
Authors: Chen Ruifang , Zhang Yanxin
Published: October 2024

In order to solve the dynamic nonlinear problem of bridge loads and responses during ship collisions, a design method for bridge anti-collision structures based on nonlinear numerical simulation was proposed. The author describes in detail the entire process of collision force evolution, energy conversion, and plastic deformation of the anti-collision energy dissipator, and conducts a comprehensive simulation of it. The experimental results show that when a ship with a mass of 1000 tons collides forward at speeds of 1, 3, and 5 meters per second, the collision depth is 0.23, 1.46, and 3.95 meters, respectively, less than the maximum allowable collision depth of 4.3 meters, and the collision energy dissipator is still in the protective working state for the bridge pier. When a ship with a mass of 3000 tons collides with the collision avoidance energy dissipator at a speed of 3 or 5 meters per second, the collision depth exceeds the maximum allowable collision depth, and the collision avoidance energy dissipator fails, the ship will directly collide with the wharf. The plastic deformation of the anti-collision energy dissipator provided has important reference value for design.
Research on the Markov-Chain State Interval Division Based on Predicted Data Correction
Authors: Peng Lixin , Zhang Xin , Li Junjie , Bo Wu , Yang Fuhao , Gong Xu
Published: October 2024

By 2022, the total length of roads in Tibet Autonomous Region reached 121,447 kilometers. Due to the unique geological conditions in Tibet, various natural disasters such as earthquakes, mudslides, landslides, avalanches, and strong winds frequently occur. Along the Sichuan-Tibet Highway alone, over 300 disasters happen each year, significantly impacting the region’s economic development. This study focuses on the complexity and randomness of natural disaster mechanisms and combines Markov chain theory to improve the accuracy of prediction data for mudslides, landslides, and earth subsidence etc. The main method is to modify the state interval of the prediction model parameter-Markov chain based on the distribution of discrete points on the number axis. The following state interval division methods are proposed: (1) If the relative error of the predicted value exceeds 50%, adjust the prediction model. (2) Obtain the lower bound of state E1 by taking the floor value downward. (3) The width of each interval does not need to be uniform. (4) Arrange continuous, dense, and close points on the number line in the same side in batches, and represent a state continuously, dividing it into one suitable interval or batches. Using this method, an improved RMSE of 0.28mm and MAPE of 0.87% were obtained for engineering examples, outperforming other models such as GM(1,1), Verhulst, DGM(2,1) with corresponding RMSE values of 0.86 mm, 0.69 mm, and 1.38 mm, and MAPE values of 2.75%, 2.53%, and 5.99%. The combined prediction results for five sets of data yielded an RMSE of 0.14 mm and MAPE of 0.56%, which are quite close to the results obtained using Markov selection correction with an RMSE of 0.37 mm and MAPE of 1.01%. Furthermore, comparing the four sets of case, the average reduction in RMSE and MAPE is 3.56mm and 1.72%, respectively, demonstrating that this method can further improve the performance of Markov chain prediction.