bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recognition, Prevention, and Treatment
Authors: Silverstein Brett , Perlick Deborah
Published: November 2023

Throughout, we have gathered information from a variety of sources, including historical, anthropological, demographic, biographical, clinical, epidemiologic, survey, and laboratory studies all of which point to the same conclusion: a syndrome involving several psychological and somatic symptoms that afflicts many women beginning at adolescence, particularly during periods of changing gender roles. The syndrome frequently occurs among women who come to feel that their gender places them at an unfair disadvantage in pursuing their aspirations and who develop a conflicted or confused sense of self. We have called such confusion and conflict over gender and self gender ambivalence,and the syndrome anxious somatic depression.Our observations and data supporting the existence of a distinct syndrome of anxious somatic depression, and its connection to gender ambivalence and changing gender roles, have direct implications for designing programs for the prevention and treatment of depression, disordered eating, and other symptoms of the syndrome.
Birdland
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

Birdland was my alma mater. I studied for a little while at another institute of higher learning, the University of Washington in Seattle, but when I dropped out and moved to New York, Birdland became my college of modern jazz. The illustrious professors there, who taught by example, were some of the world’ s finest jazz musicians. The dean of them all was Charlie Parker, “Bird,” for whom the club was named. I studied hard and learned my lessons well at Birdland. But if any-one had told me when I first arrived that just two years later I would be playing on that hallowed bandstand myself, I would have scoffed. And had that prophet declared that the instrument I’ d be playing at my Birdland graduation would be the string bass, I’ d have laughed out
Home, School, and the Army
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

Except for my first two months in the Army, I can’ t remember a time in my life when I wasn’ t making music. Though my mom, Lucile, didn’ t care for jazz, I have her to thank for my ears and my early musical training. She had a lovely soprano voice and sang regularly in our church, in local operettas, and on local radio programs in Seattle. She even got fan mail. I remember one letter, addressed to “Lou Seal Crow,” that said, “I just love your voice, Mrs. Crow. It is so nice and shrill.” Mom taught singers and elementary piano students at home. She only charged a dollar or two for a lesson, but it helped us eke out a living during the Depression when my dad, Harry, a carpenter, was having trouble finding work. When I was just a tot, I started singing along. She would play a phrase for a student to repeat, and then she would have to wait until I sang it, too, from my crib in the bedroom.
Tacoma, Baltimore, and Washington
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

No instruments or equipment had arrived at Fort Lewis for the new Fifty-first Army Band. Eager to be playing again, I went home to Kirkland on a weekend pass and got my baritone horn. I had bought one of my own in high school, a King, paying it off on the installment plan with money I earned on after-school jobs. Some of the other Army musicians also had their own instruments with them. We got together and played every day for our own amusement. I had the most fun playing with Ray Baram, a cornet player from Brookline, Massachusetts. Ray had a great enthusiasm for jazz and was happy to find a soul mate. Ray had lived in New York for a while before being drafted, and he knew musicians like Frankie Newton, Muggsy Spanier, and Pee Wee Russell, who were only names on record labels to me. A self-professed “moldy fig,” Ray taught me all the tradition ! Dixieland tunes. He thought the baritone horn was a quaint tailgate instrument. We jammed together whenever we could, and kept wishing for a good jazz clarinet player to complete our Dixieland front line, but the Army never provided us with one. We had no rhythm section either; our Army band drummers only played the street drums.
West Tenth Street
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

Not long after I left Mike Riley and returned to New York, I moved in with Dave Lambert. He and Horty had separated, and Dave had found a basement room in Greenwich Village at 145 West Tenth Street, behind Jerry Francis’ s typewriter shop. Dave needed help with the rent, and I needed a home. Our entrance was through a dark hallway -under the stoop of the building’ s main entrance. The large single room, originally used for storing coal before the building installed oil heat, had rough stone walls and a concrete floor, with a single air shaft window that provided a tiny bit of air and light. There was a bathroom with a shower and a sink, but no kitchen.
Gigging Around
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

Glen Moore wasn’ t able to sell his television pilot, and his work petered out after our boat trip. But, through the musicians at the Prescott Hotel, I began to find a few jazz gigs. I met New Jersey pianist Billy Triglia, who hired me once in a while for jobs that he found west of the Hudson, from Englewood, New Jersey, to the Club Paradise in Nyack, New York.
Claude Thornhill
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

In April 1953, Stan Getz changed bass players. He and Brookmeyer decided they would like to try Teddy Kotick, who had worked and recorded with Charlie Parker. Stan broke the news to me at the end of a week we played in Philadelphia. I was bitterly disappointed, but accepted the news realistically. Stan certainly deserved the best bass player he could get. His quintet went on to Kansas City and California, and I went back to New York.
Europe
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

The Gerry Mulligan Quartet, with Art Farmer, Dave Bailey, and me, toured Europe for Norman Granz in the spring of 1959, along with the Gene Krupa Quartet and the Jimmy Giuffre Trio. Jim Hall and bassist Buddy Clark were with Giuffre; Krupa’ s group included tenor man Eddie Wasserman, pianist Ronnie Ball, and bassist Jimmy Gannon. We flew to a different city every day, and Clark, Gannon, and I each had a bass to stow in every plane. At the airports I often had the responsibility of convincing the plane crew that there was space inside for three string basses. There always was, somehow.
japan
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

Bob Brookmeyer, Dave Bailey, and I toured Japan with Mulligan in the spring of 1964. Judy Holliday came with us. By this time we all knew that Judy had cancer. She had been fighting it for over three years, but I hadn’ t known anything about it during the early stages. She was so beautiful and full of life that I was stunned when I heard about her illness. She never talked about it, but on the way to Tokyo I could see that she was beginning to have a rough time, often looking tired and dispirited. Her condition worsened after we returned to New York, and her long ordeal finally came to an end in June 1965. She was only forty-one when she passed away.
The Studios
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

Radio Registry called me one day: “A double date tomorrow at Columbia Records, Fifty-second Street, Studio B, seven P.M. Fender and acoustic bass.” I sent in a sub for the night at Playboy. When I arrived at Columbia, half an hour early, I found the studio dark and empty. I checked Studio A and found a rock group there that had its own bass player. After calling Registry to made sure I was in the right place, I went back to Studio .B to wait.

Around 7:15 an engineer showed up.
Lainie Kazan
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

In October 1970, the New York Playboy Club and Local 802 negotiated a new contract that for the first time included a two-week paid vacation for the musicians. My working life had been liberally sprinkled with unpaid vacations, but I had never had a paid one before. The following April, Aileen and I and our four-year-old son, Daniel, flew to Florida with our camping equipment, rented a car, and lived for two weeks in campgrounds on the Keys, in the Everglades, and on Sanibel Island. We had a perfectly lovely time.
Peter Duchin
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

When the Americana Hotel abandoned their entertainment policy, the Royal Box became a restaurant with Muzak, and Hal Turner’ s house band was disbanded. With less jazz work turning up, I turned to the New York club date offices to make a living. Before long I was doing all of Peter Duchin’ s society jobs, which often meant flying out of town with him to the mansions and country clubs of the wealthy.
42nd Street
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

Zoot Sims hired Jimmy Rowles for a few quartet jobs. I was glad that Jimmy had come to live in New York. Bob Brookmeyer had played with him in California, and had brought the word east about what a good piano player he was. Jimmy loved to invent musical surprises. He found unusual voicings and rhythmic patterns and imaginatively connected them to whatever tune he was playing. He knew a million songs, and played them in very original ways.
Jazz Anecdotes
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

Early in the run of 42nd Street our orchestra chose me to be its representative on the Theater Committee of Local 802, and I was part of the union team that negotiated the musicians’ new theater contract in 1982. I also joined a coalition of activist musicians who had long been dissatisfied with the policies of the old administratiol). of Local 802. We formed the Members’ Party and ran a slate in the union election. John Glasel, a good jazz trumpet player, ran for president, and I ran for a seat on the Executive Board. Our whole slate was elected, and John and I are now serving our fifth two-year terms.
Pl* and the Plasticity of Motivational Strength
Authors: Mele Alfred R
Published: November 2023

Pl, Pl*, and the like do not place us at the mercy of our desires. Even if, to oversimplify the underlying idea, we always act as we want most to act, we may have considerable control over what we want most. Unless a desire is irresistible, it is, in some sense, up to us whether we act on it. This is not to say that it is up to us whether our intentional actions coincide with what we want most. Rather, the point is that in the case of desires that are not irresistible, we have some control over motivational strength.
Acquiring Intentions
Authors: Mele Alfred R
Published: November 2023

If intention plays an important role in the production of intentional action, a robust theory of the explanation of intentional action will provide an account of the production of intentions themselves. In sections 1 through 4 I limit my investigation to intentions formed or acquired on the basis of practical evaluative inference and to the role of various kinds of evaluative judgment in the etiology of these intentions. Section 5 addresses varieties of intention acquisition that do not involve such inference.
Conclusion: An Unsuccessful Brief Against “Causalism”
Authors: Mele Alfred R
Published: November 2023

I have been guided in much of this book by the popular idea that our intentional attitudes play significant causal roles in the production of our intentional behavior. What I regarded as the most threatening challenge to that idea was addressed in chapter 2. That challenge grew out of recent literature in the philosophy of mind on the causal relevance of intentional attitudes generally. However, within the philosophy of action itself, there has been resistance to the thesis at issue. The “logical connection argument” (see ch. 2.1) was, for a time, deemed an insurmount-able obstacle to a traditional, intentionalistic, causal approach to action explanation. Related charges of explanatory vacuity were made (see ch. 4). And some claimed that instances of causal deviance (see ch. 11) showed that no causal characterization of action or intentional action could possibly succeed.
Introduction: Irving Berlin and the Nature of Tin Pan Alley Song
Authors: Hamm Charles
Published: November 2023

Between 1907, when Irving Berlin wrote “Marie From Sunny Italy” in collaboration with Mike Nicholson, and December 1914, when his first full-length musical show, Watch Your Step, opened at New York’s New Amsterdam Theatre, 190 songs for which he had written lyrics, music, or both were copyrighted and published. These are listed, alphabetically by title, in Appendix.
Berlin and Blackface
Authors: Hamm Charles
Published: November 2023

Some thirty of Irving Berlin’s songs published through 1914 have black protagonists or black characters and were sometimes, although not always, performed in blackface. Some of these pieces are “coon” songs, a subgenre of the ethnic novelty song discussed in Chapter One, but others are quite different in style and content, and the group is in fact hetereogeneous enough to make it a mistake to approach these pieces as if they all had a single meaning for Berlin and his audiences. Although conditioned to some extent by the ambivalent and shifting attitudes of New York City’s immigrant and firstgeneration Jews toward African Americans, they are also rooted in an American tradition of songs about blacks that dates from before the time that Jews came to New York City in large numbers.
William Carlos Williams and the Diagnostics of Culture
Authors: Bremen Brian A
Published: November 2023

William Carlos Williams and the Diagnostics of Culture examines the development of William Carlos Williams's poetics, focusing in particular on the relationship between Williams's ongoing fascination with the effects of poetry and prose, and his lifelong friendship with the poet and critic Kenneth Burke.
The Language of Flowers
Authors: Bremen Brian A
Published: November 2023

Williams’s poem “The Flower” (1930) is shot through with the anxiety of a stalled career. As Litz and MacGowan point out, the poem gives Williams’s “view” of the stanchions for the then incomplete George Washington Bridge, a view that stands in contrast to ‘‘Hart Crane’s The Bridge, parts of which were being published to great acclaim in The Dial, The Little Review, and even T. S. Eliot’s The Criterion’’ (CP I 518). Williams’s poem is, as Paul Mariani writes, a “countercry, a cry of impotency, as he composed his lines out of the despair of knowing that the prize was going to a younger man.” “A petal colorless and without form,” Williams’s “Flower” distances itself not only from Crane’s Bridge—“Nothing // of it is mine”—but also from Eliot’s own “chambers of the sea”—“It is a flower through which the wind / combs the whitened grass and a black dog // with yellow legs stands eating from a / garbage barrel.” It also nervously blames some unnamed “they,” who “hand you—they who wish to God / you’d keep your fingers out of // their business—science or philosophy or / anything else they can find to throw off // to distract you” (CP I 322-23). Williams’s desire here is power—the poetic power to construct something as grand as the new bridge—but the demands of his medical practice and of his economic conditions leave him unable to write:
Introduction
Authors: Annas George J
Published: November 2023

The nation ‘s leading bioethicists, meeting at the fall 1992 “Birth of Bio ethics” conference in Seattle, were startled when keynoter Shana Alexander told them, “I trust my lawyer more than I trust my doctor.” Even in the midst of an unrelenting lawyer-bashing Presidential campaign, the bioethicists should not have been surprised. American law, especially civil rights law, is dedicated to fostering individual rights, equality, and justice. Law sides with patients to oppose the arbitrary use of power whether by physicians or the government; the rubric is patient rights. This is why American law, not philosophy or medicine, is primarily responsible for the agenda, development and current state of American bioethics. It seems natural to Americans, for example, that the morality of abortion has been recast as the “right to abortion” and that the morality of medical treatment near the end of life is now called simply the “right to die.” America is, after all, the most rights-centered society on earth, and our Constitution ‘s Bill of Rights and Fourteenth Amendment naturally lend themselves to defining personal decisionmaking in terms of constitutional rights.
The Insane Root Takes Reason Prisoner: The Supreme Court and the Right to Die
Authors: Annas George J
Published: November 2023

In her concurring opinion in Cruzan, discussed in the previous chapter, Justice Sandra Day O ‘Connor opined that it was appropriate to return the right to refuse treatment issue to the laboratories of the states where further experimentation could go on. This chapter examines decisions of the high est courts in two states that have as much experience in this area as any in the United States: New York and New Jersey. Neither suggests that state supreme courts are likely to be the source of reasonable solutions in this area. It also looks to state legislatures with only a bit more optimism. State judicial and legislative strategies both portray some of the fragmentation of, and destructiveness to, human rights inherent in the U.S. Supreme Court ‘s movement to undercut the U.S. Constitution by expanding the power of states to regulate the lives of their citizens. As such they illustrate the increasing need for a code of medical ethics that is not founded solely on U.S. law.
Mapping the Human Genome and the Meaning of Monster Mythology
Authors: Annas George J
Published: November 2023

Precolumbian cartographers drew their maps to the extent of their knowledge and then wrote in the margins: “Beyond this point there are dragons.” With the voyage of Columbus, we lost both our fear of the geographic frontier and our innocence. We accept that knowledge can generally over power fear, but we have also learned that the application of new knowledge often has a dark side that can lead to brutality and disaster. The discovery of America, for example, led to unforeseen value conflicts of justice and fairness involving native Americans that were “resolved” only by their mer ciless subjugation and genocidal destruction. The Columbus metaphor is a powerful one, one that emphasizes both the need to confront mythical dragons with knowledge and the need to anticipate and plan for the real monsters, the value conflicts that new knowledge produces. Perhaps no where is the promise of benefit and the risk of harm so great as in genetic research. The plan to map and sequence the 3 billion base pairs that make up the genetic blueprint of a human being-the Human Genome Project provides an opportunity to examine the relationship between science and society. Can scientists and social policy makers work together to maximize the benefits of this project while minimizing its dangers?
From Canada with Love: Death and Organ Donation
Authors: Annas George J
Published: November 2023

Brain death is so closely linked to organ transplantation that it sometimes seems that you can ‘t have one without the other. This is true when it comes to organ transplantation itself, which usually requires a brain dead corpse whose circulation is maintained by mechanical ventilation to preserve the organs. But the converse, of course, is not true: transplantation need not be contemplated to determine death on the basis of cessation of all brain function. This chapter examines two approaches to transplantation that have been effectively discredited: postponing the determination of death to put pressure on relatives to “donate” organs, and using live, anencephalic newborns as organ donors.
Minerva v. National Health Agency, 53 U.S. 2d 333 (2020)
Authors: Annas George J
Published: November 2023

In 2016 the National Health Agency (“the Agency”) promulgated regulations which provided for the allocation of artificial hearts in the United States under the authority of the National Health Insurance Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-602). The regulations prohibited the manufacture, sale, or implantation of an artificial heart without a permit from the Agency; prohibited individual purchasers from being recipients of artificial hearts without a permit from the Agency; and pro vided that permits to recipients be issued only by the Agency ‘s computer, which would pick qualified applicants at random from a master list. This regulation is challenged by P. Minerva, a thoracic surgeon, and two of her patients, Z. Themis and Z. Dike. Themis did not meet the Agency ‘s qualification standards as he is less than fifteen years old; Dike, while meeting the standards, has not yet been chosen by the computer. The plaintiffs challenge the regulations as a The separation of Siamese twins with conjoined hearts, while a rare event, has received some ethical and legal discussion. Most of it, unfortunately, has been characterized by fuzzy thinking and flawed analogies. Perhaps this is inevitable. Siamese twins have always seemed bizarre to us. Their very name comes from history ‘s most famous such twins, Eng and Chang Bunker. Born in Siam in 1811, they lived until 1874 and were exhibited around the world by P. T. Barnum. The second most famous are Amos and Eddie Smith, fictional Siamese twins who are the subjects of Judith Rossner ‘s challenging novel, Attachments, and who, in the novel, also spent some time with Ringling Brothers Barnum & Bailey.
A Shady Profession
Authors: Richelson Jeffrey T
Published: November 2023

In 1800 a Londoner had the distinction of living in the most populous city in Europe, as one of 900,000 residents. London and Paris, with 600,000 residents, were the only European cities with more than a half million inhabitants. By 1900 they had grown to metropolises of 4.7 and 3.6 mil lion citizens respectively, and sixteen additional cities had populations of a half million or more. Berlin, Glasgow, Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Vienna all had over a million residents.
Lenin’s Spies
Authors: Richelson Jeffrey T
Published: November 2023

World War I, which so revolutionized intelligence, also produced a revolution in Russia. That revolution resulted, in part, from Russia’s military defeats-defeats which in many cases resulted from German communications intelligence successes. But the forced abdication of Czar Nicholas II on March 2, 1917, was also due to the failures of his regime, which was described by one member of the Duma as being “handicapped by incompetence bordering on high treason.”
Spies and Counterspies
Authors: Richelson Jeffrey T
Published: November 2023

In the periods leading up to the Nazi seizure of the Rhineland and invasion of Poland, the signing of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, the Soviet invasion of Russia, and the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor the spies of Britain, Germany, Japan, the Soviet Union, and other nations were seeking to discover the intentions and capabilities of their nation’s potential enemies. But they either proved unable to secure the crucial information or, as in the case of Richard Sorge and several other Soviet agents, their information was ignored by their nation’s political lead ership. Once war began, the espionage and counterespionage efforts of all the major participants grew dramatically. For some countries these efforts proved of significant value; for others they did more harm than good.
The Wrecking Crews
Authors: Richelson Jeffrey T
Published: November 2023

Whereas spying was commonplace, whether nations were at peace or at war, certain other covert activities were severely restricted in peacetime. Once war began, however, the political and moral restraints that inhibited sabotage and assassination were removed. Thus when the Czech military intelligence service approached the British Special Operations Executive in 1941 for assistance in carrying out an assassination no ques tions were raised, not even about who the target might be.
A New Decade
Authors: Richelson Jeffrey T
Published: November 2023

The 1980s would mark the fourth decade during which the Cold War would serve as the central focus of U.S., Soviet, and European intelligence operations. Those operations would illustrate the continued importance of techncial collection, the tremendous potential of human intelligence, and the ways in which intelligence alliances could aid senior or junior partners.
End of an Era
Authors: Richelson Jeffrey T
Published: November 2023

During the year of the spy there appeared to be no possibility that the Cold War would be over any time soon. The year began with the ossified Konstantin Chernenko still in power in the Kremlin, while Soviet forces engaged in a bloody conflict in Afghanistan. The Soviet Union continued its extensive human and technical intelligence operations as well as a variety of “active measures.”For the United States 1985 started well, with the launch of a new SIGINT satellite, but the year would be largely one of disaster for U.S. intelligence collection operations. In addition to the loss of human sources in the Soviet Union, the United States also suffered a major setback in its space reconnaissance program, which would severely limit coverage of the Soviet Union and other nations for several years to come. At the same time, CIA covert action operations in Afghanistan would make life difficult for the Soviet forces in that country. A key U.S. decision in 1986 would help drive the Soviet Union out of Afghanistan in 1988.
How Did We Get Here? A Brief History of the Nursing Home
Authors: Lidz Charles W , Fischer Lynn , Arnold Robert M
Published: November 2023

Nursing homes are important institutions in our society. There are more than 19,000 of them in the United States and 2.3 million people reside in them at one time or another over a year’s time. It is estimated that one person out of four will be in a nursing home at some time.
Caring and Cared-/or: Role Relationships in Long-Term Care
Authors: Lidz Charles W , Fischer Lynn , Arnold Robert M
Published: November 2023

Humans do not interact with each other simply as people. We conduct our activities in role relationships. Whatever we know about and feel for our parents or our children, we relate to them in the context of the parent-child relationship. Likewise patients in a nursing facility are not known by the staff simply as human beings, but as patients. The patients do not know the staff simply as a collection of people, but as members of the staff. Our task in this chapter is to explore the meaning of the role relationship of staff and patient and its impact on patient autonomy.
Personal Journal
Authors: Jacobshagen Keith
Published: November 2023

I began keeping a journal in the late winter of 1965. I had just graduated from the Kansas City Art Institute and was facing a future of vast possibilities. The question of what I was to do with my life loomed large. The idea of keeping journals stemmed from that question and from a mixture of dread and fascination for the journey ahead. There was a strong sense that my life up to a point was filled mostly with instructional information and was primarily without insight. At first I explored and documented my everyday life. I filled pages with hours of observations of prosaic small matters. (Figure 3.1). But this period of writing was a kind of warm-up to the questions I would ask myself later as I moved into the struggles of a young artist trying to solve the visual problems of observing a vast planar space. To a certain extent the question of aesthetics is secondary to the activity of art making. In 1972 the abstract artist Barnett Newman was quoted as saying, “Aesthetics is for me as ornithology must be for the birds.’’ Yet the problems confronted by an artist living on the Plains are not all formal ones of composition and color. There is a constant gnawing of the mystery of perception and the interpretation of the beautiful in one’s life. The ensuing modest chapter is a compilation of observations made in my journal over the past 10 years. The ideas are not completely my own-I do not live in a vacuum.
Foundations Of Identity
Authors: Hirsch Eli
Published: November 2023

In The recent literature a number of philosophers, including myself, have attempted to analyze our concept of bodily identity in terms of the interrelations between the successive momentary stages of a body. This kind of analysis implies that there is a conceptual connection between bodily identity and various conditions which might be satisfied by a succession of bodystages. These conditions have often been called our ‘‘criteria’‘ of bodily identity.
Matter, Causality, And Stereotypes Of Identity
Authors: Hirsch Eli
Published: November 2023

I AM inclined to maintain-with various reservations to be discussed-that the following is a conceptual truth: If a succession of car-stages is spatiotemporally and qualitatively continuous, then it constitutes some portion (perhaps the whole) of the history of a persisting car. This principle, to put it somewhat less technically, states that if there exists a car at one moment, and there exists a car at the next moment, and there exists a car at the moment after this, and so on, and the car that exists at any moment is located very close to where the car at the next moment is located, and also the car that exists at any moment has qualities that are very similar to the qualities of the car at the next moment, then this is one and the same car that exists at each of these moments.I I will call this principle SQ, after the conditions of spatiotemporal and qualitative continuity. Of course I would suggest the corresponding principle for various other sorts of things, such as trees, rocks, and tables. The principle, relativized to each sort of thing, would state that any spatiotemporally and qualitatively continuous succession of stages of that sort of thing constitutes some portion of the history of a thing of that sort.
Plato on Commensurability and Desire
Authors: Nussbaum Martha C
Published: November 2023

If ethical values are all commensurable, differing from one another only in quantity, what difference does this make?1 Plato gives us a stark and simple answer. The adoption of an ethical “science of measurement,” at the heart of which is the belief in commensurability, is both necessary and sufficient for “saving our lives,” that is, for giving human beings a life that will be free of certain intolerable pains and confusions. Here I propose to examine one aspect of Plato’s “life-saving” project, namely, some alleged connections between the belief in the commensurability of value and the nature of the human emotions. It is Plato’s idea, I shall argue, that the belief in commensurability cuts very deep: taken seriously, it will transform our passions as well as our decision making, giving emotions such as love, fear, grief, and hence the ethical problems that are connected with them.
Flawed Crystals: James’s The yolden Bowl and Literature as Moral Philosophy
Authors: Nussbaum Martha C
Published: November 2023

At the centre, the bed of crystalline Love was dedicated to her name most fittingly. The man who had cut the crystal for her couch and her observance had divined her nature unerringly: Love should be of crystal-transparent and translucent.“ Its roundness inside betokens Love’s Simplicity: Simplicity is most fitting for love, which must have no corners, that is, no Cunning or Treachery.
Narrative Emotions: Beckett’s Genealogy of Love
Authors: Nussbaum Martha C
Published: November 2023

They love each other, marry, in order to love each other better, more conveniently, he goes to the wars, he dies at the wars, she weeps, with emotion, at having loved him, at having lost him, yep, marries again, in order to love again, more conveniently again, they love each other, you love as many times as necessary, as necessary in order to be happy, he comes back, the other comes back, from the wars, he didn’t die at the wars after all, she goes to the station, to meet him, he dies in the train, of emotion, at the thought of seeing her again, having her again, she weeps, weeps again, with emotion again, at having lost him again, yep, goes back to the house, he’s dead, the other is dead, the mother-in-law takes him down, he hanged himself, with emotion, at the thought of losing her, she weeps, weeps louder, at having loved him, at having lost him, there’s a story for you, that was to teach me the nature of emotion, that’s called emotion, what emotion can do, given favourable conditions, what love can do, well well, so that’s emotion, that’s love.
Steerforth’s Arm: Love and the Moral Point of View
Authors: Nussbaum Martha C
Published: November 2023

The summer my daughter fell in love with James Steerforth, she was fourteen and I was forty. We were traveling around England, and, in response to her Dickensian longing, we had ended up in Yarmouth, to inspect, so to speak, the scene of the crime. I had indulgence, but little sympathy, for this literary infatuation. For I felt that I had known long ago, and would have known even if I hadn’t made it my business to write on ethical topics, that he was simply not worthy of a good person’s love. And I suspected her, as well, of immature reading. For surely, as I remembered it, it was Dickens’s intention to make the reader judge Steerforth from the moral point of view, not to encourage her, or him, to fall in love with Steerforth. Full of maternal superiority, and bored with the garish coarseness of Yarmouth“in 1987 a place of oil refineries and cheap summer holiday facilities-I undertook to reread the novel in order to establish my point.
Combining Nonisotopic In Situ Hybridization Histochemistry with Steroid Autoradiography
Authors: Toran-Allerand C Dominique , Miranda Rajesh C
Published: November 2023

Quantitative, very sensitive estimates of gene expression may be achieved by Northern blot analysis and solution hybridization, particularly if many cells are making few copies of a specific mRNA. In situ hybridization histochemistry, on the other hand, is well suited to studies of the spatial and temporal distribution of mRNA expression in the central nervous system (CNS), wherein phenotypically heterogeneous neuronal and neuroglial populations may be present at very different development stages at any given point in time. The mRNA in question may be present in high abundance in only a few cells or only at a specific stage of their development, in which case it might otherwise be diluted out in Northern blots or solution hybridization by the large number of cells in which gene transcription is not apparent.
Development of Techniques to Combine Isotopic and Nonisotopic In Situ Hybridization and lmmunocytochemistry for Phenotypic Characterization of Individual Neurons
Authors: Emson P C , Heppelmann B , Augood S J
Published: November 2023

Since the introduction of in situ hybridization in 1969 (John et al., 1969; Gall and Pardue, 1969) the technique has become well established for the identification of mRNA and DNA in cell preparations (Coghlan et al., 1985; Schwartz and Costa, 1986; Shivers et al., 1986b; Singer et al., 1986; Syvanen, 1986; Urdea et al., 1988; Kiyama et al., 1991). For the use of the method in the study of neuronal phenotype a number of excellent methodological overviews have appeared, including Uhl, 1986; Valentino et al., 1987; Conn, 1989. In recent years the accessibility of the technique has increased with the availability of synthetic oligonucleotides (Lewis et al., 1985, 1988) and improvements in the methods for labeling probes for detection by nonisotopic methods (for reviews, see Guitteny et al., 1988; Hankin et al., 1989; Larsson, 1989; Emson et al., 1990; Kiyama et al., 1991).
Analysis of Transcription Levels Using Intervening Sequence In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Roberts James L , Levin Nancy
Published: November 2023

The production of a mature mRNA is a complex process involving many nuclear enzymatic steps and subsequent transport of the newly synthesized mRNA into the cytoplasm. The series of nuclear events are schematically outlined in Figure 9-1 for a hypothetical gene. After synthesis of the primary transcript of the gene by RNA polymerase II, the primary transcript becomes polyadenylated at its 3’ end, capped at the 5’ end, and the introns removed by splicing. This later event is a complex but rapid enzymatic process that involves a series of snRNP particles and takes place exclusively on the nuclear matrix (Herman et al., 1978; Zeitlin et al., 1987; He et al., 1991; Wanger, 1991). While for smaller genes (5-8 kilobases or less) the splicing reactions generally take place after transcription has been terminated, for larger genes the splicing of 5’ located introns may occur while the 3’ region is still being transcribed. Once an intron is spliced out of the primary transcript, it is rapidly degraded in the nucleus.
In Situ Transcription: Methodology and Multifaceted Applications
Authors: Miyashiro Kevin , Finnell Richard , Mackler Scott , Spencer Corinne , Eberwine James H
Published: November 2023

The techniques of molecular neurobiology often originate as a blending of methodologies that seem at once disparate and ultimately complementary. One no table example is in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISH), which has emerged during the past decade as a powerful neuroanatomical tool for localizing messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to anatomically specific cell types (Brahic and Haase, 1978; Gee et al., 1983; Uhl et al., 1985), subcellular compartments (Singer et al., 1987), and individual fixed cells (Angerer et al., 1987). This technology has provided a unique insight into discrete changes in the expression of specific mRNA messages in a cell or tissue sample that may be obtained during any given physiological, pathological, or pharmacologically induced state. The correlation of biochemical and morphological makers for individual cells with ISH has enhanced the understanding of the functional differences among cell types.
The lynching at Memphis
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

The Field Secretary, during the latter part of May and the first part of June, made a tour of the branches in the larger cities of the Middle West. He attended and addressed the St. Louis District Conference, which met at St. Louis, and the Great Lakes Conference, which met at Detroit. He also visited and spoke for the branches in Louisville, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Chicago, and Cleveland. From Cleveland he proceeded to Memphis to investigate and make a report on the burning of Ell Person. The following is a condensation of that report. On Monday, April 30, near six o’clock, Antoinette Rappal, sixteen years old, got on her bicycle to go to school. She never returned.
The Larger Success
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Men may be divided into any number of classes-rich and poor, educated and ignorant, successful and unsuccessful, and so on; but none of these classifications is fundamental. A more vital classification or division of men would be those who live only in the present and those who live both in the present and the future. Having or lacking the power to project oneself into the future is what primarily divides men who move forward and upward from those who remain stationary or slip back. There is homely illustration often given to mark this dividing line. It is the difference between a man who plants a tree and a man to whom such an act would never appeal. The man who plants a tree performs an act in the spirit of the Great Creator. He serves not only himself but future generations unknown to him, who will enjoy its fruit and its shade. To realize in life the deeper meanings of success one’s vision cannot be limited by the circumscribed horizon of the present. It must transcend those bounds and take in the future. This comprehension of the future involves the spirit of altruism, the divine spirit of service to others, and embraces all men and all generations; but it carries not only these abstract and, perhaps to some, vague principles of altruism, but also a very concrete and individual value. For, contrary to the general notion, there is a future which is neither hazy nor unknown. There is a definitely known future, a future which it is possible to know as well as the past is known. This is the future in which those who are today going out from this institution are now probably most interested.
Detroit
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

For eight months the National Office has been steeped in the Sweet case. It has whipped up every energy and drawn upon every resource to carry the fight through to victory. All of us at the office realized the responsibility involved, and carried the whole matter on our hearts. But when I entered the Recorder’s Court of Detroit on Monday morning, May 3, in the midst of the second trial, I felt myself thrust suddenly, as an individual, into an arena of vital conflict and personally engaged in the struggle. I was at once so gripped by the tense drama being enacted before my eyes that I became a part of the tragedy. And tragedy it was. The atmosphere was tragic. The serried rows of colored faces that packed the courtroom from the rail to the back wall, watching and waiting, were like so many tragic masks. The mild, soft-spoken boy being tried for murder in the first degree and, for the time, carrying the onus of the other ten defendants, and upon whose fate hung the right of the black man to defend himself in his home, was an extremely tragic figure.
Negro Americans, What Now?
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Foreword It is not my intention that the title of this pamphlet should carry a prohibitive significance. Probably some white Americans will read what I have written. The significance of my title is that I am not particularly concerned with whether they do or do not. I am writing directly to my fellow Negro Americans, and on the American question which most deeply affects them.
Fifty Years & Other Poems
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Introduction Of the hundred millions who make up the population of the United States ten millions come from a stock ethnically alien to the other ninety millions. They are not descended from ancestors who came here voluntarily, in the spirit of adventure to better themselves or in the spirit of devotion to make sure of freedom to worship God in their own way. They are the grandchildren of men and women brought here against their wills to serve as slaves. It is only half-a-century since they received their freedom and since they were at last permitted to own themselves. They are now American citizens, with the rights and the duties of other American citizens; and they know no language, no literature and no law other than those of their fellow citizens of Anglo-Saxon ancestry. When we take stock of ourselves these ten millions cannot be left out of account. Yet they are not as we are; they stand apart, more or less; they have their own distinct characteristics. It behooves us to understand them as best we can and to discover what manner of people they are. And we are justified in inquiring how far they have revealed themselves, their racial characteristics, their abiding traits, their longing aspirations-how far have they disclosed these in one or another of the several arts. They have had their poets, their painters, their composers, and yet most of these have ignored their racial opportunity and have worked in imitation and in emulation of their white predecessors and contemporaries, content to handle again the traditional themes. The most important and the most significant contributions they have made to art are in music,-first in the plaintive beauty of the so-called “Negro spirituals”-and, secondly, in the syncopated melody of so-called “rag-time” which has now taken the whole world captive.
College Poems
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

The following poems, written during Johnson’s college years, are imitative of well-known English poets whom Johnson had studied as an undergraduate student. These poems, however, shed light on his creativity in its early stages without detracting from his interest in the traditions, folklore, and struggles of African-Americans that is so clearly evident in his later work.
Organ Transplantation as Gift Exchange
Authors: Fox Renée C , Swazey Judith P , Watkins Judith C
Published: November 2023

The donor who offers a part of his body for transplantation is making an inestimably precious gift. The acutely ill patient who receives the organ accepts a price less gift. The giving and receiving of a gift of enormous value, we believe, is the most significant meaning of human organ transplantation. This extraordinary gift exchange, moreover, is not a private transaction between the donor and the recipient. Rather, it takes place within a complex network of personal relationships that extends to the families, the physicians, and all the members of the medical team who are involved in the operation. Within the network of these relations, a complex exchange occurs through which considerably more than the organ is transferred. (Fox and Swazey 1978a, p. 5)
Speech, Crime, And The Uses Of Language
Authors: Greenawalt Kent
Published: November 2023

This is a paperback reprint of a book published in 1989. In this comprehensive treatise Greenawalt explores the three-way relationship between the idea of freedom of speech, the law of crimes, and the many uses of language. He begins by considering free speech as a political principle, and after a thorough and incisive analysis of the justifications commonly advanced for freedom of speech, looks at the kinds of communications to which the principle of free speech applies. He then turns to an examination of communications for which criminal liability is fixed. Focusing on threats and solicitations to crime, he attempts to determine whether liability for such communications seriously conflicts with freedom of speech. He then goes on to develop the significance of his conclusions for American constitutional law.
Speech, Communication, and Crime
Authors: Greenawalt Kent
Published: November 2023

Freedom of speech is a crucial political principle in liberal societies, and, for countries with written constitutions, some guarantee of free speech is almost certainly to be found among protections of individual rights. But what is the “speech” that is to be free and protected? Does it coincide with the category of verbal and written utterances, or is it possibly narrower or broader in some respects? This book addresses critical aspects of that question in a systematic way. The book, which has related theoretical and practical purposes, explores a three-way relationship among the idea of freedom of speech, the law of crimes, and the many uses of language. The most abstract theoretical aim is to show how a sound political principle of free speech is responsive to the varieties of communicative acts. Many acts of communication have never been thought to raise free speech problems at all-a phenomenon occasionally remarked but rarely analyzed. I explain why many communicative efforts do not seriously implicate the values that lie behind freedom of speech, showing that categories developed in the philosophy of language, though not simply transposable into political principles, can illuminate the proper boundaries of free speech.