bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Sensations During a Partial-Body Cryostimulation Exposure in Elite Basketball Players
Authors: Bouzigon Romain , Ravier Gilles , Dugue Benoit , Grappe Frederic
Published: June 2018

Partial-body cryostimulation is used to improve recovery after exercise, especially during competitions or heavy training; however, a limited number of studies have been conducted with international-level athletes in situ during competitions. This study was undertaken to assess the thermal sensation ratings during 3 min of cold exposure (at –130°C) in 24 international-level athletes during the European Basketball Championship. The mean thermal sensation score, measured using a perceptive scale, increased significantly (p < 0.05) during partial-body cryostimulation exposure in athletes from 3.0 ± 1.7 at 30 s to 5.7 ± 2.3 at 3 min (maximal observed value = 10.0). The mean value of 5.7 is considered a “cold” sensation on the scale (ranging from 0 = neutral sensation to 10 = very cold). However, we observed a large inter-individual variation in the perceived thermal sensations. The body mass index was significantly and negatively correlated with the thermal sensation value after 2 min 30 s and 3 min of exposure in females (r = –0.61, n = 13, p < 0.05; r = –0.56, n = 13, p = 0.054, respectively). Three participants reported high perceived thermal sensation after 30 s of exposure and their cold-induced discomfort worsened as the exposure continued. In conclusion, a 3-min exposure is globally well tolerated by athletes and can be used during a heavy competition period and/or during a training period. However, special attention should be given to female athletes with a low body mass index as they seem to be much more sensitive to cold.
Novel Solutions in Modeling of Anaerobic Digestion Process - Two-Phase AD Models Development and Comparison
Authors: Postawa Karol
Published: June 2018

This work focuses on Two Phase Anaerobic Digestion – a novel approach to split reactions’ chain in two separated tanks, each with specialized microbe community to achieve the best possible efficiency for each part of conversion. More specifically, the article tackle the topic of evaluation the possibility to adapt a mathematical model, previously dedicated for Autogenerative High Pressure Digestion (AHPD), to make use of it in simulation of Temperature Phased Anaerobic Digestion (TPAD) process. A comprehensive study of available solutions for biogas production simulation in conventional and TPAD configuration is additionally performed. Basing on its results, a reference model from literature, for comparison purpose is selected. Revisions and modifications, necessary to adjust previously developed model, to TPAD process, are described. Also, additional improvements like redesigned pH calculating algorithm is presented. Finally, the comparison between model predictions, a reference model and pilot-scale data is carried out. The results show that our current model needs further optimization, however even at this stage it provides acceptable results in short-range simulations (not longer than 42 days). Further works should focus on process stability improvement, especially in the thermophilic stage of biogas production. There's an opportunity for innovation as the research shows that requirement of accurate, large-scale optimized TPAD process model, is still not fulfilled.
Rediscovery of the extinct Tule shrew (Sorex ornatus juncencis) in the San Quintin plains: a taxonomic reevaluation after 90 years without new records
Authors: Camargo Issac , Álvarez-Castañeda Sergio Ticul
Published: June 2018

In this study, we investigate the geographic distribution of the Tule shrew (Sorex ornatus juncensis), an endemic subspecies of the San Quintin plains associated with coastal vegetation. Records on this shrew are scarce; herein, we provide knowledge about its current conservation status and report the presence of one Tule shrew specimen, something that has not happened since 1926. The distribution of the Tule shrew is associated with coastal vegetation, limited to the San Quintin plains, with scarce records. Field trips were conducted during 2013–2015 in the San Quintin plains and San Pedro Martir range of the Baja California Peninsula. The sampling effort was 3250 trap nights. One specimen of S. o. juncensis was recorded in association with coastal sage-scrub vegetation and identified following the original description, based on its narrower skull relative to Sorex ornatus ornatus. We used a mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence (384 bp) to confirm this identification and compare genetic distances using the Kimura’s two-parameter nucleotide substitution model vs. other populations of the ornatus group. We found a genetic divergence of less than 1.0% based on sequences from specimens collected from Sierra San Pedro Martir, El Rosario and Sierra La Laguna. In the locality of the S. o. juncensis specimen collected, the original vegetation consists of patches of coastal scrubs, which cover an area of less than 1 km2, affected by agriculture and habitat fragmentation. We reallocated the taxonomic level of the Tule shrew inhabiting the plains of San Quintin in the Baja California Peninsula to subspecies as S. o. juncensis based on geographic isolation, morphometric characteristics and coloration differences vs. S. o. ornatus. The population inhabiting San Quintin plains is subjected to strong pressure due to habitat loss.
Effects of environmental and intrinsic factors on the reproduction of insular European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Kontsiotis Vasileios J. , Xofis Panteleimon , Liordos Vasilios , Bakaloudis Dimitrios E.
Published: June 2018

European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus) have been recently recognized as serious crop pests on Lemnos Island, Greece. With an aim to understand the population dynamics, rabbit reproduction was studied in relation to environmental and intrinsic factors, by a postmortem examination of 273 adults (162 males, 111 females), collected from February 2007 to January 2008. Reproductive activity peaked in the spring and was higher in agricultural than in phryganic habitats for females [pregnant: agricultural 74.5%, phryganic 54.0%, p=0.041; average number of implanted embryos: agricultural 5.56±0.21 standard error (SE), phryganic 4.07±0.21 SE, p=0.0002], but not for males (fertile: agricultural 38.8%, phryganic 31.2%, p=0.308). Classification tree models included explanatory variables with monthly time lags to detect important effects. The male reproductive status (i.e. proportion fertile) was favored by a low maximum temperature in the sampling month (<21.5°C), whereas under a higher maximum temperature male fertility was favored by a high vegetation quality (>14.2% crude protein, CP), good body condition and low mean temperature (<20.5°C). A low maximum temperature at conception (<20.0°C; 1 month time lag) favored pregnancy status (i.e. proportion pregnant). At a higher maximum temperature, pregnancy was favored by a high vegetation cover (>86.8%) at conception. Vegetation quality higher than 10.9% CP resulted in a medium to high number of implanted embryos (2 months time lag), further determined by a high vegetation cover (>90.8%; 2 months time lag) and a low population density (<1.9 ind·ha−1). The results identified temperature and habitat quality as prime drivers of reproduction, and ultimately population dynamics. Such information could prove useful for successful rabbit management on Lemnos and other similar areas.
Dynamic behavior analysis of a prey-predator model with ratio-dependent Monod-Haldane functional response
Authors: Feng Xiaozhou , Song Yi , An Xiaomin
Published: June 2018

This paper investigates the dynamic behavior analysis on the prey-predator model with ratio-dependent Monod-Haldane response function under the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions, which is used to simulate a class of biological system. Firstly, the sufficient and necessary conditions on existence and non-existence of coexistence states of this model are discussed by comparison principle and fixed point index theory. Secondly, takingaas a main bifurcation parameter, the structure of global bifurcation curve on positive solutions is established by using global bifurcation theorem and properties of principal eigenvalue. Finally, the stability of coexistence states is obtained by the eigenvalue perturbation theory; the multiplicity of coexistence states is investigated whenasatisfies some condition by the fixed point index theory.
MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kobusiak-Prokopowicz Malgorzata , Krzysztofik Justyna , Kaaz Konrad , Jolda-Mydlowska Beata , Mysiak Andrzej
Published: June 2018

The aim of the study was to assess MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2) and TIMP-2 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2) serum levels in patients with diverse types of heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

101 patients with chronic HF were enrolled. Each patient has assessed the serum levels of MMP-2, TIMP-2, and NT-proBNP. Patients were initially classified into 2 groups based on their LVEF. 43 patients were classified into the HFREF group (HF with Reduced Ejection Fraction) and 58 characterized as HFPEF (HF with Preserved Ejection Fraction). Next, all patients were subdivided into 4 groups according to the degree of diastolic dysfunction.

38 patients with CKD were classified into HF/CKD(+) group. The HF/CKD(-) (HF without CKD) group comprised 61 patients.

This study provides original data on positive correlation between ejection fraction and MMP-2 levels in all patients with heart failure. Elevated levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were found in serum from patients with chronic kidney disease; in addition, serum levels of MMP-2 were correlated with the degree of kidney failure. In all groups of patients there was positive correlation between MMP-2 and TIMP-2. Among patients with heart failure etiology was not related to MMP-2 and TIMP-2 serum levels.
Restriction of Liberties under the Ontario Review Board after (Re) Campbell
Authors: Barney Lauren
Published: June 2018

In Canada, Criminal Code Review Boards are established under Part XX.1 of the Criminal Code. The role of these independent tribunals is to make and review dispositions and decisions concerning persons found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder or Unfit to Stand Trial. Under Part XX.1, there are certain provisions to protect the liberty interests of accused persons who remain under the authority of a provincial or territorial review board. These provisions trigger mandatory hearings before the Review Board. In (Re) Campbell, counsel for the accused argued before the Board that a transfer from one secure unit to a more secure unit required notice to the Board of a restriction of liberty and that the delay in notification resulted in a s. 7 Charter breach and that a s. 24(1) remedy was due. The Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal, confirming the Board’s decision that there was insufficient evidence regarding the accused’s liberty norm before the transfer and her liberty status after it to conclude that notice to the Board was required. Furthermore, the Court ruled that the transfer was the least onerous and least restrictive measure in the circumstances. The Campbell decision introduced an enhanced interpretation of the “significantly increasing the restrictions on the liberty of the accused” test by adopting a contextual approach which takes into consideration the accused’s liberty status before and after the decision to restrict the accused. Once a restriction is deemed to reach that threshold, the Board must determine whether the hospital’s measures were the least onerous and least restrictive in the circumstances. The Campbell decision will undoubtedly impact the way hospitals and review boards view restrictions of liberty, giving way to the potential for an increasing number of Chartercases argued on the grounds of alleged s. 7 violations.
Experimental Assessment of the Tensile Bond Strength of Mortar-Mortar Interfaces: Effects of Interface Roughness and Mortar Strength
Authors: Bauret Samuel , Rivard Patrice
Published: June 2018

Concrete gravity dams are subject to external forces that can lead to sliding at the base and overturning about the toe. The latter may result in mobilization of the tensile bond strength of the concrete-rock interface at the dam heel. This article attempts to address this issue by experimentally characterizing the bond strength according to the “concrete” material strength and the interface surface roughness. Experimentation was conducted in a laboratory environment using mortar interface replicas to simulate concrete dams and medium-strength bedrock foundations. Two different mortar strengths and five different roughness profiles were assessed. The surface roughness was characterized using the slope root mean square “Z2” roughness parameter. The bond strength was determined by a direct tensile method. The analysis of variance method was used to assess parameter significance. Results showed meaningful tensile bond strength variation with respect to the interface roughness, but no variation was caused by different material strengths. Reported bond strengths may contribute to increase the accuracy in predicting the tensile bond of a concrete-rock interface. It may help engineers in the field of dam stability make more accurate predictions regarding dam overturning safety factors.
A Review on SHM Techniques and Current Challenges for Characteristic Investigation of Damage in Composite Material Components of Aviation Industry
Authors: Abbas Saqlain , Li Fucai , Qiu Jianxi
Published: June 2018

Introduction of composites for aircraft fabrication has given the opportunity to all researchers and original equipment manufacturers to design a lightweight structure that will reduce both fuel consumption and harmful emissions. Reliability and cost of implementing structural health monitoring (SHM) systems are two critical parameters for the utilization of composite materials in the aviation industry. SHM of composite material components in the aviation industry not only lessens the downtime of aircraft but also enhances the possibility of damage detection in order to avoid severe failure. This article presents a case study of SHM systems that has been developed from research and implemented for the inspection and safety of recent aircraft structures. Compulsory components required for proper working of an SHM system and the basis and classification of defects in composite material components of aircraft are thoroughly explained in this article. Furthermore, characterization of SHM techniques (on the basis of functioning, advantages, and limitations) for crack detection and challenges of SHM systems are also part of this case study. An experimental work and its results have been well expressed regarding guided wave inspection using two different types of fiber-optic sensors for quasi-isotropic carbon fiber–reinforced plastic laminate. The ultimate goal of this article is to highlight the current challenges of SHM and promote the concept that SHM has great potential for research in the aviation industry.
A Large Endoplasmic Reticulum-Resident Pool of TRPM1 in Retinal ON-Bipolar Cells
Authors: Agosto Melina A. , Anastassov Ivan A. , Robichaux Michael A. , Wensel Theodore G.
Published: June 2018

The chemical signal of light onset, a decrease in glutamate release from rod and cone photoreceptors, is processed by a postsynaptic G protein signaling cascade in ON-bipolar cells (BPCs). The metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6, along with other cascade elements, is localized synaptically at the BPC dendritic tips. The effector ion channel protein transient receptor potential melastatin-1 (TRPM1), in contrast, is located not only at the dendritic tips but also in BPC bodies and axons. Little is known about the intracellular localization of TRPM1, or its trafficking route to the dendritic tip plasma membrane. Recombinant TRPM1 expressed in mammalian cells colocalized with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) markers, with little or none detected at the plasma membrane. In mouse retina, somatic TRPM1 was similarly intracellular, and not at the plasma membrane. Labeling of ER membranes by expression of a fluorescent marker showed that in BPCs the ER extends into axons and dendrites, but not dendritic tips. In cell bodies, TRPM1 colocalized with the ER, and not with the Golgi apparatus. Fluorescence protease protection (FPP) assays with TRPM1-GFP fusions in heterologous cells revealed that the N and C termini are both accessible to the cytoplasm, consistent with the transmembrane domain topology of related TRP channels. These results indicate that the majority of TRPM1 is present in the ER, from which it can potentially be transported to the dendritic tips as needed for ON light responses. The excess of ER-resident TRPM1 relative to the amount needed at the dendritic tips suggests a potential new function for TRPM1 in the ER.
Age-Related Declines in Prefrontal Cortical Expression of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors that Support Working Memory
Authors: Hernandez Caesar M. , McQuail Joseph A. , Schwabe Miranda R. , Burke Sara N. , Setlow Barry , Bizon Jennifer L.
Published: June 2018

Glutamate signaling is essential for the persistent neural activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC) that enables working memory. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are a diverse class of proteins that modulate excitatory neurotransmission via both presynaptic regulation of extracellular glutamate levels and postsynaptic modulation of ion channels on dendritic spines. This receptor class is of significant therapeutic interest for treatment of cognitive disorders associated with glutamate dysregulation. Working memory impairment and cortical hypoexcitability are both associated with advanced aging. Whether aging modifies PFC mGluR expression, and the extent to which any such alterations are regionally or subtype specific, however, is unknown. Moreover, it is unclear whether specific mGluRs in PFC are critical for working memory, and thus, whether altered mGluR expression in aging or disease is sufficient to play a causative role in working memory decline. Experiments in the current study first evaluated the effects of age on medial PFC (mPFC) mGluR expression using biochemical and molecular approaches in rats. Of the eight mGluRs examined, only mGluR5, mGluR3, and mGluR4 were significantly reduced in the aged PFC. The reductions in mGluR3 and mGluR5 (but not mGluR4) were observed in both mRNA and protein and were selectively localized to the prelimbic (PrL), but not infralimbic (IL), subregion of mPFC. Finally, pharmacological blockade of mGluR5 or mGluR2/3 using selective antagonists directed to PrL significantly impaired working memory without influencing non-mnemonic aspects of task performance. Together, these data implicate attenuated expression of PFC mGluR5 and mGluR3 in the impaired working memory associated with advanced ages.
Mammalian TRIM67 Functions in Brain Development and Behavior
Authors: Boyer Nicholas P. , Monkiewicz Caroline , Menon Shalini , Moy Sheryl S. , Gupton Stephanie L.
Published: June 2018

Class I members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases evolutionarily appeared just prior to the advent of neuronal like cells and have been implicated in neuronal development from invertebrates to mammals. The single Class I TRIM inDrosophila melanogasterandCaenorhabditis elegansand the mammalian Class I TRIM9 regulate axon branching and guidance in response to the guidance cue netrin, whereas mammalian TRIM46 establishes the axon initial segment. In humans, mutations in TRIM1 and TRIM18 are implicated in Opitz Syndrome, characterized by midline defects and often intellectual disability. We find that although TRIM67 is the least studied vertebrate Class I TRIM, it is the most evolutionarily conserved. Here we show that mammalian TRIM67 interacts with both its closest paralog TRIM9 and the netrin receptor DCC and is differentially enriched in specific brain regions during development and adulthood. We describe the anatomical and behavioral consequences of deletion of murineTrim67. While viable, mice lackingTrim67exhibit abnormal anatomy of specific brain regions, including hypotrophy of the hippocampus, striatum, amygdala, and thalamus, and thinning of forebrain commissures. Additionally,Trim67−/−mice display impairments in spatial memory, cognitive flexibility, social novelty preference, muscle function, and sensorimotor gating, whereas several other behaviors remain intact. This study demonstrates the necessity for TRIM67 in appropriate brain development and behavior.
The Spectrum of Replication Errors in the Absence of Error Correction Assayed Across the Whole Genome ofEscherichia coli
Authors: Niccum Brittany A , Lee Heewook , MohammedIsmail Wazim , Tang Haixu , Foster Patricia L
Published: June 2018

Proofreading during DNA replication and post-replication mismatch repair are two major defenses against mutations. Foster et al. and Niccum et al. used mutation accumulation and whole genome sequencing to assemble a database of thousands...

When the DNA polymerase that replicates the Escherichia coli chromosome, DNA polymerase III, makes an error, there are two primary defenses against mutation: proofreading by the ϵ subunit of the holoenzyme and mismatch repair. In proofreading-deficient strains, mismatch repair is partially saturated and the cell’s response to DNA damage, the SOS response, may be partially induced. To investigate the nature of replication errors, we used mutation accumulation experiments and whole-genome sequencing to determine mutation rates and mutational spectra across the entire chromosome of strains deficient in proofreading, mismatch repair, and the SOS response. We report that a proofreading-deficient strain has a mutation rate 4000-fold greater than wild-type strains. While the SOS response may be induced in these cells, it does not contribute to the mutational load. Inactivating mismatch repair in a proofreading-deficient strain increases the mutation rate another 1.5-fold. DNA polymerase has a bias for converting G:C to A:T base pairs, but proofreading reduces the impact of these mutations, helping to maintain the genomic G:C content. These findings give an unprecedented view of how polymerase and error-correction pathways work together to maintain E. coli’s low mutation rate of 1 per 1000 generations.
Genetic Modifiers of Neurodegeneration in a Drosophila Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Lavoy Sierra , Chittoor-Vinod Vinita G , Chow Clement Y , Martin Ian
Published: June 2018

Mutations in LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) cause Parkinson’s disease through poorly understood mechanisms. Lavoy et al. performed a genome-wide screen to identify genetic modifiers of LRRK2 G2019Sinduced locomotor dysfunction in Drosophila...

Disease phenotypes can be highly variable among individuals with the same pathogenic mutation. There is increasing evidence that background genetic variation is a strong driver of disease variability in addition to the influence of environment. To understand the genotype–phenotype relationship that determines the expressivity of a pathogenic mutation, a large number of backgrounds must be studied. This can be efficiently achieved using model organism collections such as the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP). Here, we used the DGRP to assess the variability of locomotor dysfunction in a LRRK2 G2019S Drosophila melanogaster model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). We find substantial variability in the LRRK2 G2019S locomotor phenotype in different DGRP backgrounds. A genome-wide association study for candidate genetic modifiers reveals 177 genes that drive wide phenotypic variation, including 19 top association genes. Genes involved in the outgrowth and regulation of neuronal projections are enriched in these candidate modifiers. RNAi functional testing of the top association and neuronal projection-related genes reveals that pros, pbl, ct, and CG33506 significantly modify age-related dopamine neuron loss and associated locomotor dysfunction in the Drosophila LRRK2 G2019S model. These results demonstrate how natural genetic variation can be used as a powerful tool to identify genes that modify disease-related phenotypes. We report novel candidate modifier genes for LRRK2 G2019S that may be used to interrogate the link between LRRK2, neurite regulation and neuronal degeneration in PD.
Transformation of Digital Legal Deposit in Terms of Legislation and Public Access
Authors: Alexandrov Georgi
Published: June 2018

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]

The age of digitization is marked by a huge quantity and variety of electronic content distributed on the Internet. Building national collections of deposited electronic publications is a challenge related to the preservation of the global cultural heritage. The purpose of the article is to examine the ongoing transformation of the digital legal deposit with a focus on the legislative and public access regulation. The geographical scope of the research covers the countries from the European Union in the time span of the last two decades. Three stages of digital legal deposit implementation are identified: legislative regulation, technological infrastructure and practical procedures. The article presents the adaptation of deposit laws to the new media environment marked by fast growing online publishing. The study identifies the features of controlled e-reading as the main access tool in the deposit institutions and classifies them into two types: restriction related and usability related. The major challenges to a further digital legal deposit development are specified as legislative, technological, financial, and social. Examples of public access regulation in several European national libraries are observed with emphasis on the most advanced practices. Based on the main findings, the article formulates the forecast for less restrictions and better cooperation within the European Union concerning the regulation of public access to digital deposit collections.
Editorial. La invención de la república: la Gran Colombia
Authors: Echeverri Marcela , Ortega Francisco A. , Straka Tomás
Published: June 2018

La situación de la antigua República de Colombia —convencionalmente conocida como la Gran Colombia (1819-1831)— en las historiografías y en la memoria histórica de las naciones que una vez formaron parte de ella es tan paradójica como fue dramática y trepidante su existencia. Corresponde al periodo del que más se ha escrito, del que más se habla en las escuelas, en las fiestas públicas y en los discursos políticos, así como del más atendido por la heráldica, la toponimia y la numismática; sin embargo, representa uno de los temas menos conocidos e investigados por las historiografías nacionales de las actuales Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador y Panamá. ¿Cómo es esto posible? ¿Cómo es posible que la renovación historiográfica que ha transformado nuestra comprensión del periodo de la independencia haya pasado de largo ante una experiencia histórica que fue de tanta importancia y a la cual se le presta tanta atención simbólica? ¿Cómo se ha podido simplemente obviar aquello? Responder a estas preguntas ofrece algunas claves sobre los retos que implicó la construcción de las nacionalidades hispanoamericanas y el uso que se le dio a la historia en este cometido, a veces mediante francas manipulaciones y omisiones. Y, precisamente por eso, desvelar la naturaleza de los prejuicios frente a aquel ensayo fallido de Estado-Nación igualmente permite reconocer las estrategias conceptuales del esfuerzo que la más reciente historiografía emprendió, más o menos desde mediados del siglo xx, para reinterpretar críticamente las historias oficiales, desenmarañar “verdades” consagradas y, en suma, ensanchar el horizonte de la comprensión de nuestras sociedades. En pocas palabras, esa revisión se ha logrado al poner a la Gran Colombia en el centro de los debates sobre la creación de las repúblicas americanas, apreciando su originalidad y sus contribuciones a la filosofía política hemisférica.
“Una gran asociación de pueblos”. La rebelión en Guayaquil y su percepción de la Gran Colombia (1827)
Authors: Morelli Federica
Published: June 2018

A través del estudio de la sublevación del departamento de Guayaquil en 1827, provocada por el amotinamiento de la Tercera División del Ejército de Colombia, acantonada en Lima, este artículo pone en evidencia cómo los habitantes de la ciudad y sus instituciones percibían la república colombiana, a la que la provincia había sido incorporada en 1822. El análisis de actas, proclamas e informes de este acontecimiento, así como del material relativo a su incorporación, nos revela no solo la fuerza de las instituciones municipales, sino también que la Gran Colombia se basó en una concepción contractualista del poder. La república colombiana era, en efecto, considerada una “gran asociación de pueblos” donde la soberanía estaba compartida entre estos últimos y la nación.
María Eugenia Chaves Maldonado, ed. Los "otros" de las independencias, los "otros" de la nación. Participación de la población afrodescendiente e indígena en las independencias del Nuevo Reino de Granada, Chile y Haití.
Authors: Echeverri Marcela
Published: June 2018

La historiografía de las independencias latinoamericanas ha tenido una renovación importante en las ultimas dos décadas, sobre todo en los contextos latinoamericano, francés, español y, en menor medida, en los Estados Unidos. En diálogo con las transformaciones en la historia política que se dieron inicialmente en Francia, donde se experimentó con las perspectivas culturales y sociales desde la historia política, los historiadores de la independencia en España y América Latina, en los albores de los bicentenarios, dieron tres grandes pasos: el primero fue el de ampliar el marco geográfico, de uno nacional a otro atlántico; el segundo consistió en reconsiderar la dimensión revolucionaria de ese proceso militar y legal que tuvo lugar entre 1810 y 1830 en el mundo hispánico; y el tercero se dio con la incorporación de múltiples perspectivas sobre la política que, al incluir la experiencia de distintos sectores sociales, implicó reconocer la dinámica de negociación en la base de los procesos de formación de los Estados y las naciones en hispanoamérica.
Chemo-mechanical coupling constitutive model for chalk considering chalk–fluid physicochemical interaction
Authors: Ma T. , Wei C. , Chen P. , Li W.
Published: June 2018

Chalk shows a pronounced water-weakening effect, which can be attributed to the microscopic physicochemical interactions between the pore fluid and the chalk matrix. In this paper a conceptual elastoplastic model is developed for describing the chemo-mechanical behaviour of chalk based on the framework of the modified Cam Clay model. Central to the model is the concept of intergranular stresses, introduced as the substitute for Terzaghi's effective stress to describe the chalk behaviour. In this context, the microscopic physicochemical interactions are characterised by introducing a macroscopic surface force potential. The composition and significance of pore water pressure are analysed, and the intergranular stress tensor is explicitly defined. To address the hardening effect of the microscopic physicochemical interactions, the preconsolidation pressure function is modified by introducing the intrinsic intergranular pressure as an additional hardening variable that accounts solely for the chalk–fluid interaction. It is shown that the proposed concept of intergranular stresses can address the effects of osmosis, adsorption and capillarity on the chalk behaviour in a consistent and systematic way. Comparisons between the theoretical simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model is capable of capturing the main features of the chemo-mechanical behaviour of chalk saturated with an individual or two (miscible or immiscible) fluids.
On the Geographic Scope of Retail Mortgage Markets
Authors: Amel Dean , Anenberg Elliot , Jorgensen Rebecca
Published: June 2018

In this note, we first discuss why markets for mortgage originations are likely to be national in scope. We then show that even if mortgage markets were local, they would be unconcentrated. Finally, we test for an empirical relationship between the local concentration of mortgage lending and changes in mortgage rates and find essentially no correlation of concentration and rates.
What Macroeconomic Conditions Lead Financial Crises?
Authors: Kiley Michael T.
Published: June 2018

Research has suggested that a rapid pace of nonfinancial borrowing reliably precedes financial crises, placing the pace of debt growth at the center of frameworks for the deployment of macroprudential policies. I reconsider the role of asset-prices and current account deficits as leading indicators of financial crises. Run-ups in equity and house prices and a widening of the current account deficit have substantially larger (and more statistically-significant) effects than debt growth on the probability of a financial crisis in standard crisis-prediction models. The analysis highlights the value of graphs of predicted crisis probabilities in an assessment of predictors.
El debate de la política económica cardenista: una perspectiva contemporánea
Authors: Martín Sergio
Published: June 2018

La hipótesis que denominaremos tradicional caracterizó a la política económica cardenista como populista, lo cual implicó políticas fiscal y monetaria expansivas. Estas, a su vez, produjeron inflación, sobrevaluación del tipo de cambio y afectación de los balances externos. Posteriormente, la hipótesis que llamaremos alternativa refutó dicha caracterización. El objetivo de este estudio es ofrecer una perspectiva contemporánea de este debate y reivindicar a la hipótesis tradicional con una argumentación mejor sustentada y más acabada, desde el punto de vista metodológico y empírico.
Protamine-like proteins analyses as emerging biotechnique for cadmium impact assessment on male mollusk Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck 1819)
Authors: PISCOPO MARINA , Trifuoggi Marco , Notariale Rosaria , Labar Sofiane , Troisi Jacopo , Giarra Antonella , Rabbito Dea , Puoti Raffaela , Brundo Maria Violetta , Basile Adriana , Ausió Juan , Guerriero Giulia
Published: June 2018

Here, we report the industrial pollution effects studies as it pertains to cadmium on the reproductive health of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were removed from the biofouling of Conatex pannel after one year of exposition in a polluted site close to a disposal metallurgical factory. In testis of mussels housed in the polluted site, was observed, respect to a reference control site, a high cadmium bioaccumulation by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and a 10 fold increase metallothionein 20 kDa gene (mt20) expression levels, by qPCR. Furthermore, mussels transferred in laboratory tanks from the reference site and exposed to 1.5, 5 and 10 µM CdCl2 revealed 1.7; 3.2 and 4.5 fold testis mt20 expression increase respectively and a positive correlation with cadmium bioaccumulation. To evaluate the potential detrimental risk of such alterations on spermatozoa we carried out electrophoretic analyses on their protamine-like proteins. Protamine-like proteins from the polluted biofouling resulted all in aggregated form and showed by EMSA, the same decreased DNA binding ability of protamine-like proteins obtained from mussels exposed in laboratory tank to CdCl2. Our results contribute to the studies concerning cadmium induced testis alterations and highlight protamine-like proteins analyses as emerging biotechnique for cadmium impact assessment on Mytilus galloprovincialis for the sensibility of changes in vivo and in vitro of protamine-like proteins state and their DNA binding affinity.
A Comparative Analysis of the Use of GitHub by Librarians and Non-Librarians
Authors: Eaton Mark Edward
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Objective – GitHub is a popular tool that allows software developers to collaborate and share their code on the web. Librarians have adopted GitHub to support their own work, sharing code in support of their libraries. This paper asks: How does librarians’ use of GitHub compare to that of other users?
Methods – To retrieve quantitative data on GitHub users, we queried the GitHub APIs (application programming interfaces). By assembling data on librarians’ use of GitHub, as well as on a comparison group, we provided preliminary comparisons of these two samples. We analyzed and visualized this data across a number of variables to offer salient insights as to how librarians compare to randomly selected GitHub users.
Results – Librarians regularly use a more diverse range of programming languages than the comparison group, hinting at a broad range of possible uses of code in libraries. While the librarians’ sample group did not demonstrate statistically significant differences from the comparison group on most measures of activity and popularity, they scored significantly higher in reach and productivity than the comparison group. This could be due to librarians’ greater longevity on GitHub, as well as their greater investment in GitHub as a tool for sharing.
Conclusion – Our data suggest that librarians are actively building their libraries with code and sharing the results. While it was unclear whether librarians were more active or popular on GitHub than the comparison group, it was clear that they demonstrated statistically significant outperformance in terms of reach and productivity. To explain these findings, we hypothesized that librarians’ embrace of GitHub is in line with widely held values of “openness” in the library profession.
The Socioeconomic Profile of Well-Funded Public Libraries: A Regression Analysis
Authors: Carlozzi Michael
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Objective – This study aimed to explore the well-established link between public library funding and activity, specifically to what extent socioeconomic factors could explain the correlation.
Methods – State-level data from the Massachusetts Board of Library Commissioners were analyzed for 280 public libraries using two linear regression models. These public libraries were matched with socioeconomic data for their communities.
Results – Confirming prior research, a library’s municipal funding correlated strongly with its direct circulation. In terms of library outputs, the municipal funding appeared to represent a library’s staffing and number of annual visitations. For socioeconomic factors, the strongest predictor of a library’s municipal appropriation was its “number of educated residents.” Other socioeconomic factors were far less important.
Conclusion – Although education correlated strongly with library activity, variation within the data suggests that public libraries are idiosyncratic and that their funding is not dictated exclusively by the community’s socioeconomic profile. Library administrators and advocates can examine what libraries of similar socioeconomic profiles do to receive additional municipal funding.
Collect with Intent: Craft Meaningful Questions that Drive Evidence Based Assessment Strategies
Authors: Goertzen Melissa
Published: June 2018

Data analysis is a relatively new skill sets required of librarians. Many articles published over the past several years focused on the fact that training opportunities are not widely available, and this disparity has prevented the standardization of assessment practices within the profession. I propose that the key to developing sustainable assessment strategies is to first uncover the correct questions to guide investigations. The inquiry process provides a focus to assessment work, ensures that the proper data is collected, and dictates how to conduct analysis activities in order to arrive at answers that support collection decisions. When librarians locate the central questions at the heart of evidence-based collection assessment, they create a roadmap that leads to correct answers and essentially, guides efforts to standardize assessment practices across the professional community as a whole.
Ongoing and Multifaceted Assessment of Academic Library Professional Development Programs Enhances Their Efficacy
Authors: Scott Rachel Elizabeth
Published: June 2018

A Review of:
Harker, K. R., O'Toole, E., & Sassen, C. (2018). Assessing an academic library professional development program. portal: Libraries and the Academy, 18(1), 199-223.  https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2018.0010
Abstract
Objective – To analyze various measures of need, participation, satisfaction, and impact of an academic library professional development program.
Design – Multi-modal; surveys, curriculum vitae (CV) analysis, and attendance statistics.
Setting – Academic library in the United States.
Subjects – Library faculty of all ranks.
Methods – Assessment of the Career Development Program began with an interest survey conducted at the beginning of the fiscal year in which participants ranked their interest in professional development topics. Attendance statistics were collected at all program sessions and participants were emailed post-event surveys comprised of three Likert-scale questions and an open-ended question. Participants in the peer-review service were emailed a survey with two Likert-scale questions and an open-ended question. All programs and surveys were voluntary.
An “activities survey” attempted to document counts of scholarly publications and presentations according to geographic scope, format, and peer-review. However, due to low response rates, the activities survey was replaced after two years with an analysis of library faculty member CVs on a publicly-accessible university website. The final assessment was a narrative annual report that drew on and summarized all of the previously conducted assessments.
Main Results – Multi-modal assessment of the professional development program improved its relevance and quality while also documenting its impact.
Conclusion – Continuous and multi-faceted assessment of professional development programs not only leads to improved efficacy, but also provides accountability and details the value of the program to stakeholders. Professional development programs promote scholarly productivity, which has implications for the career satisfaction of academic librarians. Further research should investigate the validity of professional development program assessment instruments and identify which assessment methods are most effective for evaluating professional development programs and measuring the impact of this programming on scholarship.
European Academic Libraries Offer or Plan to Offer Research Data Services
Authors: Kaari Jennifer
Published: June 2018

A Review of:

Tenopir, C., Talja, S., Horstmann, W., Late, E., Hughes, D., Pollock, D., … Allard, S. (2017). Research data services in European academic research libraries. LIBER Quarterly, 27(1), 23-44. https://doi.org/10.18352/lq.10180

Abstract

Objective – To investigate the current state of research data services (RDS) in European academic libraries by determining the types of RDS being currently implemented and planned by these institutions.

Design – Email survey.

Setting – European academic research libraries.

Subjects – 333 directors of the Association of European Research Libraries (LIBER) academic member libraries.

Methods – The researchers revised a survey instrument previously used for the DataONE survey of North American research libraries and conducted pilot testing with European academic library directors. The survey instrument was created using the Qualtrics software. The revised survey was distributed by email to LIBER institutions identified as academic libraries by the researchers and remained open for 6 weeks. Question topics included demographics, RDS currently offered, RDS planned, staffing considerations, and the director’s opinions on RDS. Libraries from 22 countries participated and libraries were grouped into 4 regions in order to compare regional differences. Data analysis was conducted using Excel, SPSS or R software University of Tennessee, University of Tampere, and University of Göttingen.

Main Results – 119 library directors responded to more than one question beyond basic demographics, for a response rate of 35.7%. Among the libraries surveyed, more libraries offer consultative services than offered technical support for RDS, although a majority planned to offer technical services in the future. Geographically, libraries in western Europe offer more RDS compared with other regions. More libraries have reassigned or plan to reassign current staff to support RDS services, rather than hire new staff for these roles. Regardless of whether or not they currently offer RDS, library directors surveyed strongly agree that libraries need to offer RDS to remain relevant.

Conclusion – The authors determine that a majority of library directors recognize that data management is increasingly important and many libraries are responding to this by implementing RDS and collaborating across their institutions and beyond to help meet these needs. Future research is suggested to track how these services develop over time, how libraries respond to the staffing challenges of RDS, and whether consultative rather than technical services continue to be primary forms of RDS offered.
MÉTODO DE VALIDAÇÃO E SEPARAÇÃO DE ISOFLAVONAS PRESENTES EM MELAÇO DE SOJA
Authors: Mantovani Daniel , Baptista Aline Takaoka Alves , Bezerra Charleston De Oliveira , Rezende Driano , Cusioli Luis Fernando , Soares Paulo Fernando
Published: June 2018

As isoflavonas atuam no organismo humano com efeitos fisiológicos de forma benéfica tornando os alimentos que contém isoflavonas em formas funcionais ao organismo. Assim, neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um método de análise por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE) bem como, separação e quantificação de isoflavonas presentes no melaço de soja. A validação do método foi baseada pela linearidade, limite de detecção (LD) e limite de quantificação (LQ) com estabelecimentos de critérios de análise para aceitação da metodologia proposta. Os resultados obtidos na separação dos isômeros de isoflavonas bem como a quantificação trouxeram melhorias relacionadas ao tempo de retenção de cada isômero estudado e separação dos compostos. Com relação ao método aplicado ao longo do estudo este apresentou resultados pertinentes para utilização e expansão do método proposto focado nos compostos de isoflavonas formas glicosídicas e agliconas presentes no melaço de soja.

 

ABSTRACT

Isoflavones act in the human body with physiological effects in a beneficial way making foods containing isoflavones in functional forms to the body. Thus, in this work a high efficiency liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis method was developed, as well as, separation and quantification of isoflavones from in soybean molasses. The validation of the method was based on linearity, limit of detection (LD) and limit of quantification (LQ) with establishments of analysis criteria for acceptance of the proposed methodology. The results obtained in the separation of the isoflavone isomers as well as the quantification brought improvements related to the retention time of each studied isomer and separation of the compounds. In relation to the method applied throughout the study, it presented relevant results for the use and expansion of the proposed method focused on the isoflavone compounds glycosidic forms and aglycones from soybean molasses.