bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing antimicrobial activity of ZnO/FTO, Sn–Cu‐doped ZnO/FTO thin films: Production and characterizations
Authors: Kara Ilker , Hafedh Abjar Ibrahim Rashid , Alhusseinawi Nooralhuda Kareem Hanoon , Kayış Ahmet Furkan , Yalçınkaya Özcan , Acar Berat Cinar , Yuksekdag Zehranur , Ozen Yunus , Gençyılmaz Olcay , Ozkan Engin Can , Oner Hayrettin
Published: July 2024

In the developing field of nanotechnology, ZnO (zinc oxide) based semiconductor samples have emerged as the foremost choice due to their immense potential for advancing the development of cutting‐edge nanodevices. Due to its excellent chemical stability, low cost, and non‐toxicity to biological systems, it is also utilized in various investigations. In this study, the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method was used to generate FTO (fluorine‐doped tin oxide)/ZnO, and tin (Sn)–copper (Cu)‐doped ZnO thin films at varying concentrations on FTO substrates. After being stacked 40 times in varying concentrations on the FTO substrate, FTO/ZnO thin films and Sn–Cu‐doped thin films were annealed at 300°C. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy‐(EDS), the agar diffusion test, and the viability cell counting method, the minimum inhibitory concentration, structural properties, surface morphology, antibacterial properties, bacterial adhesion, and survival organism count of FTO/ZnO thin films and Sn–Cu‐doped thin films were investigated. Both doped and FTO/ZnO films with varying Sn–Cu concentrations expanded harmonically on the FTO substrate, according to the SEM‐EDS investigation. The doping concentration affected their morphological properties, causing changes depending on the doping level. Antibacterial activity was observed in the powder metals, but no antibacterial activity was found in the thin film form. The highest adhesion rate of bacterial organisms on the produced samples was observed when the FTO/ZnO/Sn–Cu doping rate was 1%. In addition, the lowest adhesion rate was observed when the FTO/ZnO/Sn–Cu additive ratio was 3%.

Research Highlights

ZnO based semiconductors highlight significant potential in advancing nanodevice technology due to their chemical stability, cost‐effectiveness, and biocompatibility.

Employing the SILAR method, the study innovatively fabricates FTO/ZnO and Sn–Cu‐doped ZnO thin films on FTO substrates, exploring a novel approach in semiconductor manufacturing.

Post annealing at 300°C, the research examines the structural and surface morphological changes in the films, contributing to the understanding of semiconductor behavior under varying conditions.

The study delves into the antibacterial properties of ZnO thin films, offering insights into the potential biomedical applications of these materials.

SEM‐EDS analysis reveals that doping concentrations crucially influence the morphological properties of ZnO thin films, shedding light on the optimization of semiconductor performance.

Findings indicate a specific doping rate (1% Sn–Cu) enhances bacterial adhesion, while a 3% additive ratio minimizes it, suggesting implications for biomedical device engineering and antibacterial surface design.
Evaluating the potential impact of sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor “canagliflozin” on the hepatic damage triggered by hypertension in rats
Authors: Hassan Fatma E. , El‐Mosallamy Aliaa E. M. K. , Khalifa Mohamed Mansour , Aljuaydi Samira H. , Ali Merhan E. , Hosny Sara Adel , Bastawy Nermeen
Published: July 2024

Hypertension (HTN) is a prevalent chronic disease. HTN and liver disease association is extensively noted. Thus, finding a medication that can alleviate HTN and its accompanying liver insult would be promising. This study investigated the potential impacts of canagliflozin “sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor” on the liver of the Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME)‐induced HTN rat model. Twenty‐four adult male rats were divided into four groups; negative control group, canagliflozin group, L‐NAME group: 50 mg/kg of L‐NAME was injected daily for 5 weeks and L‐NAME + canagliflozin group: 1 week after L‐NAME injection both L‐NAME + canagliflozin (40 mg/kg) were given concomitantly daily for further 4 weeks. Liver functions, serum lipid profile, hepatic oxidative/nitrative stress biomarkers, gene expression of lipogenic enzymes, B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), and DNA fragmentation, were measured. Besides, hepatic histology and immunohistochemistry of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were assessed. Canagliflozin improved hepatic lipogenesis via the downregulation of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and transcriptional regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) genes leading to an improved serum lipid profile. Further, canagliflozin modified the eNOS/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathway and decreased the NF‐κB immunoreactivity besides restoring the oxidants–antioxidants balance; increased reduced glutathione concomitant with declined malondialdehyde. This improvement of the liver was mirrored by the significant restoration of liver architecture and confirmed by the preserved liver DNA content and upregulation of the antiapoptotic Bcl2 mRNA level and attenuation of the alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase. In conclusion, canagliflozin is a promising anti‐hypertensive and hepatic‐supportive medication.

Research Highlights

Canagliflozin's antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐lipogenic, and antiapoptotic characteristics mitigate remote liver compromise caused by hypertension.

Canagliflozin can be exploited as a hepatoprotective and antihypertensive medication.
Factors that influence the angular error in active knee angle reproduction tests: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wieber Juliane , Müller‐Rahmel Leon , Reer Rüdiger , Rein Robert , Braunstein Bjoern
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The systematic review and meta‐analysis investigated subject‐independent test factors that influence the absolute angle error in active knee angle reproduction tests.

Methods

Five electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies published before 20 December 2023. Studies were included that were published in either English or German and that investigated joint proprioception in the healthy knee. Included studies were also required to have participants 18–60 years old and free of lower‐limb injury, neurological disorders and diseases affecting joint position sense. Risk of bias was assessed using a Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool.

Results

Of the 2023 articles identified, 26 studies (1082 participants) were included in the meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis showed a significant pooled standard mean difference in the absolute angular error for body orientation, direction of movement and fatigue. Active knee angle reproduction tests were found to have a lower absolute angular error when performed in the sitting position compared to the prone position (SMD = −0.56; 95% CI = −1.00 to −0.12). The absolute angular error was found to be greater in cases of knee flexion compared to knee extension (SMD = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.18–1.24). General and local muscle fatigue were found to result in a higher absolute angular error (SMD = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.04–1.75).

Conclusion

Hence, fatigue, body orientation and direction of movement influence the extent of the absolute angular error in active knee angle reproduction tests. Practitioners should be aware that the test conditions and the patient's level of fatigue can affect the results of such tests and that directly comparing results obtained using different test protocols may not be appropriate. The test protocol should be well documented and applied consistently in the clinical setting.

Level of Evidence

Level III, systematic review with meta‐analysis.
Superior load‐to‐failure in an all‐suture anchor system for all‐inside meniscal repair compared to a PEEK‐cage anchor system in an experimental cadaveric test setting
Authors: Pichler Lorenz , Kiss Gyula , Sator Thomas , Schuller Andrea , Kandathil Sam A. , Hofbauer Marcus , Koch Thomas , Hirtler Lena , Tiefenboeck Thomas
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of a latest generation all‐suture anchor repair device (ASARD) for meniscal repair with that of a latest generation PEEK‐cage anchor repair device (PCARD) in an experimental setting using cadaveric menisci.

Methods

Twenty‐six menisci were obtained from the knees of fresh body donors. Artificially created meniscal lesions were treated randomly, using a single stitch with either an ASARD or a PCARD. Cyclic biomechanical testing, utilising a universal material testing machine and following an established protocol, was carried out and load‐to‐failure (LTF), displacement, stiffness, and mode‐of‐failure (MOF) reported.

Results

Mean LTF was found to be 61% higher in the ASARD group at 107.10 N (standard deviation [SD], 42.34), compared to 65.86 N (SD, 27.42) in the PCARD group with statistical significance (p = 0.022). The ASARD exhibited a trend towards higher stiffness (10.35 N; SD, 3.92 versus 7.78 N; SD; 3.59) and higher displacement at cycles one, 100, and 499 (1.64, 3.27, and 4.17 mm versus 0.93, 2.19, and 2.83 mm) compared to the PCARD. Cheese wiring was the most common mode‐of‐failure in both groups (76.9%).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that an ASARD shows a higher mean LTF than a PCARD when compared in an experimental biomechanical setting.

Level of evidence

Level III
Diagnosing popliteofibular ligament injuries in anterior cruciate ligament‐injured knees: A prospective magnetic resonance imaging study investigating the inter‐ and intraobserver reliability of identification of the popliteofibular ligament
Authors: Heylen Steven , Braeckevelt Thomas , Verdonk Peter , Krause Matthias , Michielsen Jozef
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The aim of our study was to investigate the intra‐ and interobserver reliability for the identification of the popliteofibular ligament (PFL) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in patients with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and ascertain the prevalence of PFL tears in ACL‐injured knees without clinically high‐grade posterolateral corner injury.

Methods

MRI readings were performed retrospectively by two surgeons on 84 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction in our department. The presence of the PFL on both sagittal and coronal images as well as the presence of PFL tears was noted. Readings were repeated 6 weeks later for one observer. The κ value was calculated to determine the intra‐ and interobserver reliability for identification of the PFL and the prevalence of PFL tears was ascertained.

Results

The PFL was visualized in 90.5%−91.7% of MRI scans. The intra‐ and interobserver reliability of visualizing the PFL on MRI had an κ value of 0.63 and 0.66 (substantially reliable), respectively. The intraobserver reliability for identification of PFL tears had an κ value of 0.26 (fair reliability). We found a 4.8% prevalence of PFL tears in ACL‐injured knees.

Conclusions

There is substantially reliable intra‐ and interobserver reliability for the identification of the PFL on MRI scans but only fair reliability for the identification of PFL tears. A 4.8% prevalence of PFL tears in ACL‐injured knees without clinically confirmed high‐grade posterolateral corner injury can be observed in our series.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Risk factors for recurrent biliary obstruction following suprapapillary placement of a plastic stent as preoperative biliary drainage for perihilar biliary malignancy
Authors: Kataoka Kunio , Ishikawa Takuya , Yamao Kentaro , Mizutani Yasuyuki , Iida Tadashi , Uetsuki Kota , Onoe Shunsuke , Mizuno Takashi , Ebata Tomoki , Kawashima Hiroki
Published: July 2024

Background/Purpose

The usefulness of endoscopic biliary stenting by deploying a plastic stent suprapapillary, called inside‐stent (IS) placement, as preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) for perihilar biliary malignancy (PHBM) has been demonstrated. This study investigated risk factors for recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) after IS placement.

Methods

Consecutive patients with potentially resectable PHBM treated with IS placement as PBD between 2017 and 2023 at Nagoya University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

A total of 157 patients were included, with RBO occurring in 34 (22%) patients. The non‐RBO rates were 83% at 30 days, 77% at 60 days, and 57% at 90 days. The most common cause of RBO was stent occlusion (n = 14), followed by segmental cholangitis (n = 12) and stent migration (n = 8). Stent migration and occlusion occurred more frequently within and after 1 week post‐stenting, respectively. In multivariate analysis, biliary infection before IS was the sole risk factor for RBO, with a hazard ratio of 2.404 (95% confidence interval 1.163–4.972; p = .018). This risk was reduced by temporary endoscopic nasobiliary drainage prior to definitive IS placement.

Conclusions

Biliary infection before IS was identified as an independent risk factor for RBO in patients with PHBM with IS as PBD.

Clinical Trial Register

Clinical trial registration number: UMIN000025631.
Hydrological and vegetation changes in North Africa over the past 23 000 years: a comparative study of watershed areas of the Nile River using remote sensing and compound‐specific δ2H and δ13C from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Sinoussy KHALED S. , Naraoka Hiroshi , Seki Osamu , Hassaan MAHMOUD A. , Okazaki Yusuke
Published: July 2024

Hydroclimate variation and vegetation changes of the Nile River watershed area in northeast Africa since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) were reconstructed based on n‐alkanes, their carbon isotope ratios (δ13Cn‐alkanes), and their hydrogen isotope ratios (δ2Hn‐alkanes) in sediments from ODP Site 967 in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The results were compared with the present vegetation cover in the watershed areas using ArcGIS. The average proportion of current grassland in the Equatorial Lake and Ethiopian Highland Plateaus watershed areas was 45.8 and 64.7%, respectively. δ2Hn‐alkanes ranged from −199 to −127‰ and co‐varied with insolation change response to orbital forcing. Depleted δ2Hn‐alkanes were found from deglaciation to the middle Holocene, suggesting increased precipitation during the African Humid Period (AHP) from 15 to 5 ka caused by northward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. However, lower precipitation was inferred by enriched δ2Hn‐alkanes during the LGM and late Holocene. δ13Cn‐alkanes at Site 967 did not show a trend in harmony with δ2Hn‐alkanes and instead exhibited millennial‐scale variations ranging from –25.9 to –33.2‰. These δ13Cn‐alkanes values consistently indicated a C4 grass‐dominated environment in the watershed areas of the River Nile since the LGM, persisting through the AHP and into the present. Reconstructions demonstrated orbital and abrupt forcing of hydroclimate variability while maintaining generally grass‐dominated vegetation with weak precipitation feedback over the late Quaternary.
Considerations for conducting systematic reviews: A follow‐up study to evaluate the performance of various automated methods for reference de‐duplication
Authors: McKeown Sandra , Mir Zuhaib M.
Published: July 2024

Searching multiple resources to locate eligible studies for research syntheses can result in hundreds to thousands of duplicate references that should be removed before the screening process for efficiency. Research investigating the performance of automated methods for deduplicating references via reference managers and systematic review software programs can become quickly outdated as new versions and programs become available. This follow‐up study examined the performance of default de‐duplication algorithms in EndNote 20, EndNote online classic, ProQuest RefWorks, Deduklick, and Systematic Review Accelerator's new Deduplicator tool. On most accounts, systematic review software programs outperformed reference managers when deduplicating references. While cost and the need for institutional access may restrict researchers from being able to utilize some automated methods for deduplicating references, Systematic Review Accelerator's Deduplicator tool is free to use and demonstrated the highest accuracy and sensitivity, while also offering user‐mediation of detected duplicates to improve specificity. Researchers conducting syntheses should take automated de‐duplication performance, and methods for improving and optimizing their use, into consideration to help prevent the unintentional removal of eligible studies and potential introduction of bias to syntheses. Researchers should also be transparent about their de‐duplication process to help readers critically appraise their synthesis methods, and to comply with the PRISMA‐S extension for reporting literature searches in systematic reviews.
High‐resolution melting analysis to authenticate deer‐derived materials in processed products in China using a cytochrome oxidase I mini‐barcode
Authors: Feng Jian , Ren Qiqi , Xie Anzhen , Jiang Zixiao , Liu Yangyang
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Deer‐derived materials (antler, venison, fetus, penis, bone, tail, and others) are some of the most valuable traditional animal‐based medicinal and food materials in China. In production, processing, and trade, the quality of deer products varies. The market is confusing, and counterfeit and shoddy products are common. There is an urgent need to establish an accurate identification method.

RESULTS

Two pairs of primers suitable for identifying deer‐derived medicinal materials were obtained by screening the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences of 18 species from nine genera of the deer family. The two primers were used to identify the species and adulteration of 22 batches of commercially available deer‐derived products with a mini‐barcode combining high‐resolution melting (HRM) technology and methodical investigation. Deer‐derived materials (sika and red deer) were correctly identified by species using varying DNA amounts (1 to 500 ng). The two pairs of primers COI‐1FR and COI‐2FR yielded melting temperatures (Tm) of 80.55 to 81.00 °C and 82.00 to 82.50 °C for sika deer, and 81.00 to 82.00 °C and 81.40 to 82.00 °C for red deer. Twenty‐two batches of commercially available samples were analyzed by HRM analysis and conventional amplification sequencing, and it was found that the species samples had an error rate of species labeling of 31.8%. Four batches of samples were identified as mixed (adulterated) in the HRM analysis.

CONCLUSION

The combination of DNA mini‐barcode with HRM analysis facilitated the accurate identification of species of deer‐derived materials, especially the identification of samples in an adulterated mixed state. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subjective grade of apprehension during the pivot‐shift test reflects patient‐reported outcomes more than conventional pivot‐shift test grade after ACL reconstruction
Authors: Nakamae Atsuo , Tsukisaka Kazuhiro , Deie Masataka , Miyamoto Ayato , Eguchi Akio , Kato Tomohiro , Nekomoto Akinori , Adachi Nobuo
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To investigate whether the pivot‐shift test reflects patient‐reported outcomes 1 year after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction based on a multicentre prospective cohort study.

Methods

This study included patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction using the hamstring tendons. The pivot‐shift test grades were determined according to the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) form as 0, 1+, 2+ or 3+. In addition, patients' subjective apprehension during the pivot‐shift test were classified as 0 (no‐apprehension), 1+ (mild‐apprehension), 2+ (moderate‐apprehension) or 3+ (severe‐apprehension). In this study, a positive pivot‐shift test was defined as grade 1+ or higher.

Results

A total of 837 patients were enroled in this study. One year postoperatively, there was no significant difference in the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), IKDC score, Lysholm knee scale and Tegner activity scale between the positive (118 patients) and negative (719 patients) groups of the conventional IKDC grading of the pivot‐shift test. However, when divided into two groups based on the apprehension grading of the pivot‐shift test after surgery, the postoperative scores were significantly lower in the apprehension‐positive group (114 patients) than those in the apprehension‐negative group (723 patients) on the Tegner activity scale and KOOS Symptom, Sports/Rec and Quality of Life subscales.

Conclusions

Patients' subjective apprehension during the pivot‐shift test after ACL reconstruction was significantly associated with the postoperative Tegner activity scale and three subscales of the KOOS. However, there was no association between the conventional IKDC grading of the pivot‐shift test and any patient‐reported outcomes postoperatively.

Level of Evidence

Level II.
Ultracompact 3D Splitter for Single‐Core to Multi‐Core Optical Fiber Connections Fabricated Through Direct Laser Writing in Polymer
Authors: Baghdasaryan Tigran , Vanmol Koen , Thienpont Hugo , Berghmans Francis , Van Erps Jürgen
Published: July 2024

The deployment and advancement of high‐bandwidth communication networks, quantum information systems, and sensing platforms relying on multi‐core optical fibers (MCFs) are challenged by the scarcity of cost‐effective, compact, and efficient optical interfacing components. This study introduces an unprecedented 3D‐printed 1 × 4 splitter for MCFs fabricated with 2‐photon polymerization‐based direct laser writing. The pivotal element is a triangular cross‐section 3D multimode interference (MMI) coupler, supplemented with S‐bends and adiabatic tapers to facilitate the splitting of a signal from a single core of a single‐mode fiber into four cores of a multi‐core fiber. All components are initially designed and assessed to minimize loss and polarization dependence across the C‐ and L‐bands using optical simulation. Subsequently, a proof‐of‐concept model of the splitter, compactly integrated within the fiber volume, featuring a remarkably short length of 180 µm and insertion loss of ≈−3 dB, is fabricated. The manufacturing speed, minimal loss, component compactness, and flexibility of the approach, collectively present promising avenues for pioneering developments in MCF‐coupling components.
Complications of Chemical Peels, Lasers, and Energy‐Based Device Procedures Performed by Core Cosmetic Physicians: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Murray Taryn N. , Lohray Rishabh , Schultz Kelly P. , Boutros Sean , Friedman Paul M.
Published: July 2024

Background

There has been a proliferation of physicians of different levels of experience and training offering nonsurgical cosmetic procedures. Rising demand, compounded by increasing utilization of new and existing technologies by numerous physician specialties, compels discussion of adequate standardized training and patient safety.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of patients who presented to our single site dermatology clinic for managment of complications following chemical peel, laser or energy‐based device treatments performed by core cosmetic physicians between the years of 2013 and 2024 was conducted. Core cosmetic physicians included plastic surgery, facial surgery/otolaryngology, oculoplastic surgery, and dermatology. Charts were reviewed for documentation of the type of complication, procedure causing the complication, and physician credentials, and referral source.

Results

Twenty‐five patients were identified as having complications from chemical peeling, laser treatment or energy‐based devices. Devices implicated included CO2 laser (fractional or fully ablative), chemical peels, 1064 nm long‐pulsed Nd:YAG laser, 1320 nm Nd:YAG laser, intense pulsed light, 595 nm pulsed dye laser, Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser, radiofrequency with and without microneedling, and 1550 nm erbium‐doped fiber laser. Complications included hypertrophic scarring, atrophic scarring, post‐inflammatory erythema, post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and post‐inflammatory hypopigmentation.

Conclusions

Even in experienced hands, complications can arise. It is imperative that all physicians offering cosmetic treatments are equipped to recognize clinical endpoints, identify and manage complications, or make a timely referral to decrease the risk of a permanent and potentially devastating esthetic outcome for patients.
Boosting the Cell Harvesting Performance of Poly(di(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) Cell Release Layers via Copolymerization of Photo‐ and Thermoresponsive Monomers
Authors: Jiang Siyu , Yang Sijia , Lei Wenwei , Liu Zhiwei , Schönherr Holger
Published: July 2024

The performance of the cell‐selective thermoresponsive poly(di(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) (PDEGMA) cell harvest system is shown to be drastically enhanced by exploiting the combination of photoresponsive spiropyran derivates and PDEGMA in copolymerized brushes. The analysis of copolymerized 1′‐(2‐methacryloxyethyl)‐3′,3′‐dimethyl‐6‐nitrospiro(2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2,2′‐indoline) (SPMA) (DEMGA) di(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate brushes revealed that a minor adjustment of the SPMA/DEGMA ratios results in a significant alternation of wettability as well as protein adsorption, when switching the temperature from 37 to 22 °C and alternately irradiating using different light wavelengths (from 530 to 365 nm). Thin P(SPMA‐co‐DEGMA) layers supported pancreatic tumor PaTu 8988t cells with high cell viability. Copolymer layers with 2.5% SPMA/DEGMA led to the highest efficiency of enzyme‐free cell release with very good cell viability. The release is induced by cooling the cell culture medium to 22 °C and irradiating the surface with 365 nm light. Compared to neat PDEGMA, the P(SPMA‐co‐DEGMA) layers showed a threefold increase in the speed of the change of cell morphology of the attached cells and a >5 times increased fraction of detached cells, which underlines the potential of these dual responsive PDEGMA systems for optimized performance in the facile capture, culture, and release of different cell lines.
No Worker Left (Too Far) Behind: Dynamic Hybrid Synchronization for In‐Network ML Aggregation
Authors: Cardoso Nunes Diego , Loureiro Coelho Bruno , Parizotto Ricardo , Egon Schaeffer‐Filho Alberto
Published: July 2024

Achieving high‐performance aggregation is essential to scaling data‐parallel distributed machine learning (ML) training. Recent research in in‐network computing has shown that offloading the aggregation to the network data plane can accelerate the aggregation process compared to traditional server‐only approaches, reducing the propagation delay and consequently speeding up distributed training. However, the existing literature on in‐network aggregation does not provide ways to deal with slower workers (called stragglers). The presence of stragglers can negatively impact distributed training, increasing the time it takes to complete. In this paper, we present Serene, an in‐network aggregation system capable of circumventing the effects of stragglers. Serene coordinates the ML workers to cooperate with a programmable switch using a hybrid synchronization approach where approaches can be changed dynamically. The synchronization can change dynamically through a control plane API that translates high‐level code into switch rules. Serene switch employs an efficient data structure for managing synchronization and a hot‐swapping mechanism to consistently change from one synchronization strategy to another. We implemented and evaluated a prototype using BMv2 and a Proof‐of‐Concept in a Tofino ASIC. We ran experiments with realistic ML workloads, including a neural network trained for image classification. Our results show that Serene can speed up training by up to 40% in emulation scenarios by reducing drastically the cumulative waiting time compared to a synchronous baseline.
H∞ control of delayed switched systems under asynchronous switching: New results without the constraint between the switching delay and the dwell time of submodes
Authors: Liu Chao , Yang Hongyu , Liu Xiaoyang , Cao Qiong
Published: July 2024

This article investigates the control problem of switched systems with time‐varying delays under asynchronous switching. By reconstructing the switching rule of local controllers and empolying multiple Lyapunov functionals and integral inequalities, sufficient conditions without  the constraint between the switching delay and the dwell time of submodes to solve the control problem are derived. The control gain matrices can be conveniently obtained by the proposed linear search algorithm.
Prevalence rate and clinical symptom of extra‐articular diseases of the head and neck region mimicking temporomandibular disorders on 3T MRI
Authors: Kawashima Yusuke , Hagimoto Aya , Abe Hiroshi , Miyakoshi Masaaki , Kawabata Yoshihiro , Indo Hiroko , Tanaka Tatsurou
Published: July 2024

Aim

Few studies have reported on the prevalence rate of extra‐articular diseases and on the clinical symptom and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings that are seen in these diseases and are not related to genuine temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs). Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence rate and clinical symptom of extra‐articular diseases of the head and neck region that mimic genuine TMDs on 3‐tesla (3T) MRI.

Methods

This study included 100 patients who were clinically diagnosed with TMDs and underwent TMJ MRI. We recorded lesions with abnormal signal intensities in the head and neck region using axial Dixon T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI). The clinical symptoms of the patients and pathology of extra‐articular diseases were determined based on medical records.

Results

Three patients (three males; mean age, 44.3 years) had lesions with abnormal high signal intensity in the head and neck region. All three patients presented with trismus as a clinical symptom. The locations of the lesions were as follows: the left medial and lateral pterygoid muscles, deep lobe of the right parotid gland, and body of the left mandible. Two patients had malignancies.

Conclusion

Among the patients who visited the hospital, 3% had extra‐articular diseases and presented with genuine TMD symptom. Trismus may be a key clinical symptom indicating the presence of extra‐articular diseases and need for further clinical or imaging examinations.
Reliability and validity of the Personality Disorder Severity ICD‐11 (PDS‐ICD‐11) scale and the Revised Personality Assessment Questionnaire for ICD‐11 (PAQ‐11R) in a Norwegian community sample
Authors: Lorentzen Hanna Sirnes , Bårdsen Pauline Marie , Thimm Jens C.
Published: July 2024

In the ICD‐11, a new model for the diagnosis of personality disorders is included, consisting of an assessment of the severity of personality impairment as well as an optional evaluation of pathological personality traits. This study aimed to examine the reliability, structural validity, and convergent and discriminant validity of the Norwegian versions of the Personality Disorder Severity ICD‐11 (PDS‐ICD‐11) scale for the assessment of personality disorder severity and the Revised Personality Assessment Questionnaire for ICD‐11 (PAQ‐11R) for the assessment of the ICD‐11 pathological personality traits in a Norwegian community sample. The sample consisted of 295 participants (75.9% female) with a mean age of 30.0 years (SD = 10.7 years). The participants answered the PDS‐ICD‐11, PAQ‐11R, Level of Personality Functioning Scale–Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS‐BF 2.0), and the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5–Brief Form Plus Modified (PID5BF + M). The Norwegian PDS‐ICD‐11 showed good reliability. Support for a unidimensional model and a high convergent correlation with the LPFS‐BF 2.0 was found. The reliability analysis of the Norwegian PAQ‐11R scales yielded mixed findings with suboptimal reliability estimates for the PAQ‐11R detachment, disinhibition, and dissociality scales. Analyzing the structure of the PAQ‐11R items, four factors emerged (negative affectivity, detachment, disinhibition, and anankastia). The PAQ‐11R scales showed good convergent and, overall, adequate discriminant validity with the PID5BF + M scales. The findings support the use of the PDS‐ICD‐11 for assessing severity in the ICD‐11 PD model in Norway. The Norwegian PAQ‐11R appears to be a useful screening tool for the ICD‐11 PD trait domains.
Cellulose acetate synthesized from cold‐sheared cellulose shows improved ability to toughen poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Akiyama Koki , Koda Tomonori , Nishioka Akihiro , Matsumura Yoshimasa , Ochiai Bungo
Published: July 2024

Cellulose acetate (CA), synthesized by solid–liquid acetylation of low crystalline cellulose (LCCell) obtained by cold shearing in a short time under environmentally benign conditions, effectively enhanced the crystallization of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The composite of PLA compounded with CA from LCCell exhibited higher crystallinity of PLA and flexural modulus than those from pristine PLA. CAs obtained from crystalline and recrystallized cellulose also improved the mechanical strength of PLA by compounding, but their effects were weaker than that of CA from LCCell. The factor of the effectiveness of CA obtained from LCCell is the higher miscibility with PLA originating from the sufficiently released interchain hydrogen bonds in the cellulose fibrils by cold shearing, which allows the dissolution of macroscopic aggregation of the CA chains in the composite.
Lower urinary tract symptoms in elderly men: Considerations for prostate cancer testing
Authors: Schmit Stephen , Malshy Kamil , Ochsner Anna , Golijanin Borivoj , Tucci Christopher , Braunagel Taylor , Golijanin Dragan , Pareek Gyan , Hyams Elias
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Both lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and prostate cancer (PCa) are common in elderly men. While LUTS are generally due to a benign etiology, they may provoke an evaluation with prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), which can lead to a cascade of further testing and possible overdiagnosis in patients with competing risks. There is limited patient and provider understanding of the relationship between LUTS and PCa risk, and a lack of clarity in how to evaluate these men to balance appropriate diagnosis of aggressive PCa with avoidance of overdiagnosis.

Methods

A literature review was performed using keywords to query the electronic database PubMed. All articles published before November 2023 were screened by title and abstract for articles relevant to our subject.

Results

Epidemiological studies suggest that LUTS and PCa are largely independent in elderly men. The best available tools to assess PCa risk include PSA permutations, novel biomarkers, and imaging, but there are limitations in older men based on lack of validation in the elderly and unclear applicability of traditional definitions of “clinically significant” disease. We present a three‐tiered approach to evaluating these patients.

Conclusion

Elderly men commonly have LUTS as well as a high likelihood of indolent PCa. A systematic and shared decision‐making‐based approach can help to balance objectives of appropriate detection of phenotypically dangerous disease and avoidance of over‐testing and overdiagnosis.
Novel adaptive robust L1‐based controllers for teleoperation systems with uncertainties and time delays
Authors: Yazdankhoo Behnam , Ha'iri Yazdi Mohammad Reza , Najafi Farshid , Beigzadeh Borhan
Published: July 2024

Despite various proposed control schemes for uncertain bilateral teleoperation systems under time delays, optimally restricting the system's overshoot has remained an overlooked issue in this realm. For this aim, we propose two novel control architectures based on robust L1 theory, entitled position‐based adaptive L1 controller and transparent adaptive L1 controller, with the former focusing on position synchronization and the latter concerning system transparency. Since developing L1‐based controllers for nonlinear telerobotic systems encompassing uncertainty and round‐trip delays puts significant theoretical challenges forward, the main contribution of this paper lies in advancing L1 theory within the field of delayed teleoperation control. To formulate the theories, the asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system for each controller is first proved utilizing the Lyapunov method, followed by transformation, along with the L1 performance criterion, into linear matrix inequalities. Ultimately, the control gains are attained by solving a convex optimization problem. The superiority of the designed controllers over a benchmark transparent controller for teleoperators is demonstrated via simulation. Furthermore, experimental tests on a two‐degrees‐of‐freedom nonlinear telerobotic system validate the efficient performance of the proposed controllers.
Hypoeutectic Liquid Metal Printing of 2D Indium Gallium Oxide Transistors
Authors: Agnew Simon A. , Tiwari Anand P. , Ong Samuel W. , Rahman Md Saifur , Scheideler William J.
Published: July 2024

2D native surface oxides formed on low melting temperature metals such as indium and gallium offer unique opportunities for fabricating high‐performance flexible electronics and optoelectronics based on a new class of liquid metal printing (LMP). An inherent property of these Cabrera‐Mott 2D oxides is their suboxide nature (e.g., In2O3−x), which leads high mobility LMP semiconductors to exhibit high electron concentrations (ne > 1019 cm−3) limiting electrostatic control. Binary alloying of the molten precursor can produce doped, ternary metal oxides such as In‐X‐O with enhanced electronic performance and greater bias‐stress stability, though this approach demands a deeper understanding of the native oxides of alloys. This work presents an approach for hypoeutectic rapid LMP of crystalline InGaOx (IGO) at ultralow process temperatures (180 °C) beyond the state of the art to fabricate transistors with 10X steeper subthreshold slope and high mobility (≈18 cm2 Vs−1). Detailed characterization of IGO crystallinity, composition, and morphology, as well as measurements of its electronic density of states (DOS), show the impact of Ga‐doping and reveal the limits of doping induced amorphization from hypoeutectic precursors. The ultralow process temperatures and compatibility with high‐k Al2O3 dielectrics shown here indicate potential for 2D IGO to drive low‐power flexible transparent electronics.
Flexible Hybrid Supercapacitor Achieving 2.2 V with NiCo2S4/Polyaniline/MnO2 and N, S‐Co‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers for Ultra‐High Energy Density
Authors: Karami Zahra , Hekmat Farzaneh , Chougale Mahesh , Shahrokhian Saeed , Dubal Deepak P.
Published: July 2024

Flexible all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitors (FAASC) represent a highly promising power sources for wearable electronics. However, their energy density is relatively less as compared to the conventional batteries. Herein, a novel ultra‐high energy density FAASC is developed using nickel–cobalt sulfide (NiCo2S4)/polyaniline (PANI)/manganese dioxide (MnO2) ternary composite on carbon fiber felt (CF) as positive and N, S‐co‐doped carbon nanofibers (CNF)/CF as negative electrode, respectively. Initially, porous δ‐MnO2 nanoworm‐like network is decorated on CF using potentiodynamic method. Subsequently, interconnected PANI nanostructures is grown on the MnO2 via a facile in situ chemical polymerization, followed by the electrodeposition of highly porous NiCo2S4 nanowalls. Benefiting from 3D porous structure of conductive CF and redox active properties of NiCo2S4, PANI and MnO2, FAASC achieved a superior energy storage capacity. Later, high‐performance N, S‐co‐doped CNF/CF negative electrode is synthesized using electropolymerization of PANI nanofibers on CF, followed by the carbonization process. The assembled FAASC exhibits a wide voltage window of 2.2 V and remarkable specific capacitance of 143 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The cell further delivers a superb energy density of 71.6 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 492.7 W kg−1, supreme cycle life and remarkable electrochemical stability under mechanical bending.
Dual‐Confinement and Surface‐Ionization Induced Controllable Regulate Visible‐Light‐Activated Colorful Afterglow of Carbon Dots for Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Wang Changxing , Ning Yayun , Wen Xiaoxiang , Zhang Jinxia , Yue Yifan , Li Jianing , Xie Yuechi , Yang Sen , Lu Xuegang
Published: July 2024

Low‐energy visible‐light‐activated carbon dots (CDs)‐based afterglow materials are difficult to realize due to the inherent aromatic carbon with high‐energy absorption and the lack of effective regulation. Here, a new strategy for visible‐light‐activated CDs is proposed by combining dual‐confinement and surface‐ionization, which employs NaOH for additional confinement and surface ionization of CDs in a single boric acid (BA) matrix. The comparison experiments show that: i) shifting the excitation from UV‐light to vis‐light is realized by enhancing the low‐energy surface states n→π* transition of the CDs by surface ionization of NaOH. ii) CDs are additionally protected by a more stable Na─O ionic bond after NaOH confinement, resulting in a brighter afterglow. iii) the energy gap (ΔEST) between the lowest singlet and triplet states is gradually shortened as increasing NaOH content, facilitating intersystem crossing, prolonging the lifetime of triplet excitons and efficiency. Further, vis‐light‐excited colorful afterglow powders are fabricated based on Förster Resonant Energy Transfer by combining the fluorescent dye 5‐carboxytetramethylrhodamine. Finally, advanced white‐light‐activated time‐resolved anti‐counterfeiting and intelligent traffic flashing signs are realized. The work may shed new light on the design of low‐energy‐activated afterglow materials and broaden the application scenarios in the daily lives of human society.
Gold‐Catalyzed Lactone Synthesis: Advancements and Insights
Authors: Sankar D. Ravi , Neetha Mohan , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: July 2024

Lactones represent a class of fundamental structural motifs ubiquitous in nature, holding significance across diverse scientific domains such as pharmaceuticals, natural products, drug discovery, and industry. Despite their simplicity, the synthesis of lactones has garnered considerable interest due to their pivotal roles. Gold, traditionally regarded as a noble metal, has emerged as an efficient catalyst, challenging conventional perceptions. The utilization of gold in lactone synthesis has captivated researchers, leading to the development of numerous effective methodologies. Motivated by this, we present a comprehensive compilation of reports on the gold‐catalyzed synthesis of lactones, encompassing literature till date.
Multi‐Biomarkers' Responses in Gills of Oreochromis niloticus Exposed to Glyphosate and Polyethylene Microplastic, Isolated and in Mixture
Authors: Soares Marco Aurélio Miranda , Ferreira Ericsson Rubens Rodrigues , Tavares Driele , Moron Sandro Estevan , Fernandes Marisa Narciso , Mariano Wagner dos Santos , Paulino Marcelo Gustavo
Published: July 2024

Microplastics (MPs) and glyphosate‐based herbicides (GBH) are among the most common contaminants in aquatic environments. In Brazilian rivers, both contaminants were found in elevated levels, leading to a high probability of their association, which can alter their individual effects and potentially intensify their toxicity. This study evaluated the isolated and combined effects of polyethylene microplastics (PE‐MPs) and GBH on Oreochromis niloticus using multi‐biomarkers of toxicity. The fish were subjected to a 96‐h exposure period, with concentrations set based either isolated, PE‐MPs group (5 mg L−1), GBH group (5 mg L−1), or in a group of associated contaminants (GAC), PE‐MP + GBH (5 mg L−1 + 5 mg L−1). Toxicity effects were evaluated using biochemical, cytogenetic, hematological, and histopathological biomarkers. We observed change in erythrocyte parameters leading to macrocytic normochromic anemia in GAC. Leukocyte parameters indicate a nonspecific immunosuppression caused by the exposure of associated contaminants, besides the attempts to repair damage caused by PE‐MPs. Histopathological markers indicate damage to tissues exposed to contaminants. Besides, there were morphophysiological adjustments on gills, with proliferation and hypertrophy of mitochondria‐rich cells on GBH and GAC, besides epithelium ruptures, which were mostly present in the exposed groups. Therefore, this study indicates that PE‐MPs and GBHs present toxic effects in O. niloticus with the used concentrations, intensified by the association of contaminants. Thus, multi‐biomarkers were useful key to verify toxicity, providing data to the investigation of high levels of contaminant's mixture toxicity present in aquatic environments.
Seroprevalence of infectious bursal disease in backyard chickens of selected districts of Buno Bedelle zone, Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Deressa Chali , Abera Zelalem , Batu Geremew
Published: July 2024

Background

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a viral infectious disease that affects young chicks. A cross‐sectional study was conducted from October 2020 to June 2021 to determine seroprevalence and associated risk factors of IBD on backyard chickens of purposively selected three districts of Buno Bedelle Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia.

Methods

The study was carried out via a collection of serum samples, questionnaire surveys, and a total of 768 serum samples were collected from randomly selected backyard chickens of the study areas and examined for the presence of IBD virus. These serum samples were processed by using an indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay test procedure in laboratories. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis and descriptive statics techniques were used.

Results

Out of a total serum samples collected, 361 of them were found positive for the disease with an overall seroprevalence of 47%. Different seroprevalence rates of IBD with 55.9%, 43.3% and 41.2% were recorded in Didessa, Chora and Gechi districts, respectively. The result indicated that there was statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) of the disease among the three districts. Among the nine Peasant Associations (PAs) observed for seroprevalence of IBD, highest (62.9%) and lowest (34.20%) seroprevalence of the disease was recorded in Yembero and Shengela PAs, respectively. However, IBD was statistically significant in only Shengela PA of Chora district (p = 0.04, OR = 1.93 and 95% CI 1.04–3.58) and Seko PA of Gechi district (p = 0.05, OR = 1.79 and 95% CI 1.01–3.16). Even though sex, breed, age, source and management‐based seroprevalence was observed in the present study, the result indicated that there was only statistical significant difference (p = 0.004, OR = 0.62 and 95% CI 0.45–0.86) seen in which higher seroprevalence of IBD was determined in exotic (50.3%) than in local (38.6%) chickens breeds of the study areas.

Conclusion

Generally, higher seroprevalence of IBD in the present study indicates a widely distribution of the disease and one of the potential threats for poultry production in the study areas. So, chicken vaccination and improved management system should be warranted in order to control the disease effectively.