bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of human osteological material from the eastern part of site no. 37 in Sremska Mitrovica
Authors: Miladinovic-Radmilovic Natasa
Published: January 2013

The direct reason for writing this paper was the new find of skeletons in the
medieval necropolis (10th-12th century) discovered as far back 1968 at the
Site No. 37 in Sremska Mitrovica (Sirmium). Institute for the protection of
cultural monuments in Sremska Mitrovica undertook protective archaeological
excavations in the eastern part of the site in 2010, discovering 29
skeletons. Since that archaeological analysis of Belo Brdo communities is
still in its infancy and considering that there is not a sufficiently big
sample for a more precise monitoring of this population?s inner dynamics, it
is considered useful to present results gained by studying these skeletons on
Site No. 37. Although the results in many ways match the results gained up
until now, there are some paleopathological changes that so far, have not
appeared and for which we had no direct confirmation in the osteological
material. One of these paleopathological changes is certainly syphilis.
Report on the geomagnetic survey at margum in october 2011
Authors: Rummel Christoph , Peters Daniel , Schafferer Georg
Published: January 2013

In autumn 2011, the geomagnetic survey was conducted at Margum/Morava. The
results significantly contribute to our knowledge of the history of the site,
together with the ones of the recent LiDAR scanning of its wider area. The
data show that the part of Margum surveyed was densely settled with stone
structures, possible timber-frame buildings and, perhaps, some sunken
dwellings of the ?Grubenhaus? type, which corresponds both with the results
of current excavations and earlier observations. The settlement patterns that
can be identified were clearly planned. It is possible to identify two
differing general orientations. This suggests that there were at least two
main periods of occupation at Margum, during both of which there was a degree
of planning as to how the site was laid out. Both orientations are found at
either end of the surveyed area, suggesting that the entire site was settled
in both phases.
Application of LiDAR technology in analyses of the topography of Margum/Morava and Kulic
Authors: Ivanisevic Vujadin , Bugarski Ivan
Published: January 2013

Roman Margum and Mediaeval town of Morava, situated on the Orasje site in
Dubravica at the confluence of the Velika Morava and the Danube, could not
have been analysed more thoroughly in the past because of the damage caused
by the river bed displacements and soil erosion on the one hand, and dense
vegetation growing on such a moist terrain on the other. Archaeological
research has so far failed to produce even a site plan. Available data on
this important site are contradictory to a considerable extent, so the
information one could obtain from the written and cartographic sources needed
to be confronted with the archaeological ones and, especially, those derived
from the recent LiDAR scanning of the terrain, conducted within the scope of
the Archaeo-Landscapes Europe Project. Among the most important plans of the
confluence area are those left by Marsigli in the 18th and Kanitz in the 19th
century. Felix Kanitz, the famous Balkan traveler, also provided us with a
textual description of his visit to the site in 1887. Our analyses of the two
plans have revealed a number of inaccuracies. Through analyses of the
obtaineded LiDAR scans, however, the preserved area of the two settlements
has been clearly demarcated, measuring 7-8 hectares, and the eastern edge of
the Roman agglomeration - presumed already in the course of the 2011
excavations - was confirmed. Most probably it was the eastern rampart of the
Roman fortification. Apart from this, the purpose of a canal stretching along
the whole plateau, and mentioned by Kanitz, has been established. Given that
to the east of the canal there was the presumably Roman rampart, and to the
west of it there were recently excavated ruins of Roman buildings, the canal
itself must have been of a more recent date. Bearing in mind the established
vertical stratigraphy of the site, we conclude that it was in fact a
Mediaeval defence trench. The topography of the nearby fort Kulic has been
studied as well. It is often believed that this fortification was originally
built in Roman times, but the analyses of DTM have shown the fort erected on
an embankment, round in shape, i.e. on the more elevated terrain in
comparsion to the largest part of the confluence area, where most of Roman
Margum and Mediaeval Morava has been wiped out by water. So the Kulic
fortification could have been originally erected only afterwords, i.e. in
Turkish times. There are some data from the written sources to corroborate
such a date, and we also know of two later accounts describing the 17th
century settlement in front of it. There has been no field confirmation so
far, but thanks to the results of LiDAR scanning one may observe the traces
of a small settlement south of the fortification, protected by a trench.
Aporia of human rights from the perspective of Kant's political philosophy
Authors: Govedarica Jelena
Published: January 2013

Ontological dualism of human rights, their ideal and real aspect, is what
makes them paradoxical. Having this dual nature, do human rights serve to
"moralize" or "civilize" people? Analyzing the basic concepts of Kant's
philosophy of public law and history, the author concludes that the term
"moral rights" is contradictory , that one cannot talk about them in both
senses simultaneously and avoid the paradox. If we regard them as juridical
law, human rights play a constitutive role in the legislation of a particular
country and what analytically follows is the law as coercion. However, if we
understand them as moral laws, they will not be regarded as coercion and
their function will be strictly regulative.
Apocalypse without revelation: Svetozar Stojanovic on the possibility of self-destruction of humanity
Authors: Prnjat Aleksandar
Published: January 2013

The possibility of self-destruction of the humanity presents a constant
accompanying topic in all books of Svetozar Stojanovic written after his
doctoral dissertation in metaethics. Whatever topics being elaborated, there
would always be something on this matter. At the beginning these were only
incidental observations and a possible standpoint on the main topic, but
later it became more often a distinctive field of observation or even a
prevailing perspective. In this paper the author reconstructs considerations
of Stojanovic on this topic in the light of his apocalyptic terminology.
Since Stojanovic refers to apocalypse in the secular sense, I name it, in a
straightforward opposition to its original meaning, the apocalypse without
revelation. It is the apocalypse in which the cataclysmic aspect is the only
left and I demonstrate that this term follows Stojanovic?s original
intentions faithfully. In the paper, I present and comment on all the stages
of Stojanovic?s work on this topic, thus claiming that it constitutes the
only constant in philosophical and political phases of his thought.
Granice dijaloga - povodom knjige Irine Deretic: Iz platonove filozofije; Beograd, Plato 2010
Authors: Damnjanovic Srdjan
Published: January 2013

nema
Effect of mechanical pressure-controlled ventilation in patients with disturbed respiratory function during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Surbatovic Maja , Vesic Zoran , Djordjevic Dragan , Radakovic Sonja , Zeba Snjezana , Jovanovic Dusko , Novakovic Marijan
Published: January 2013

Background/Aim: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered to be the gold
standard for laparoscopic surgical procedures. In ASA III patients with
concomitant respiratory diseases, however, creation of pneumoperitoneum and
the position of patients during surgery exert additional negative effect on
intraoperative respiratory function, thus making a higher challenge for the
anesthesiologist than for the surgeon. The aim of this study was to compare
the effect of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) and pressure
controlled ventilation (PCV) during general anesthesia on respiratory
function in ASA III patients submitted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Methods. The study included 60 patients randomized into two groups depending
on the mode of ventilation: IPPV or PCV. Respiratory volume (VT), peak
inspiratory pressure (PIP), compliance (C), end-tidal CO2 pressure (PETCO2),
oxygen saturation (SpO2), partial pressures of O2, CO2 (PaO2 and PaCO2) and
pH of arterial blood were recorded within four time intervals. Results. There
were no statistically significant differences in VT, SpO2, PaO2, PaCO2 and pH
values neither within nor between the two groups. In time interval t1 there
were no statistically significant differences in PIP, C, PETCO2 values
between the IPPV and the PCV group. But, in the next three time intervals
there was a difference in PIP, C, and PETCO2 values between the two groups
which ranged from statistically significant to highly significant; PIP was
lower, C and PETCO2 were higher in the PCV group. Conclusion. Pressure
controlled ventilation better maintains stability regarding intraoperative
ventilatory parameters in ASA III patients with concomitant respiratory
diseases during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
The effectiveness of physical education of the military academy cadets during a 4-year study
Authors: Maric Lela , Krsmanovic Branko , Mraovic Tatjana , Gogic Aleksandra , Sente Jelena , Smajic Miroslav
Published: January 2013

Background/Aim. The main role of physical education is health and educational
practices of cadets and all-round personality development. Instruction
executing is successful only when the set requirements are realized. The aim
of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of physical education in
order to rise physical capabilities of the Military Academy cadets during a
4-year education. Methods. The study was conducted in the Military Academy,
Belgrade. A total of 120 cadets who at the beginning of the study were 19
years ? 6 months and at the end 23 years ? 6 months were included in this
study. The study used the following tests for verification and assessment of
physical fitness: pull-ups, lifting the trunk from the ground, standing long
jump seats, running at 1,600 m and overcoming the infantry obstacles. The
data were analyzed using statistical programs to calculate the central and
dispersion parameters. The difference in the achieved results in the
individual variables were evaluated by the univariate analysis of variance
(ANOVA), while the differences in the system variables by region were
identified by the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and discriminant
analysis. The group membership was determined using profile analysis.
Results. There were statistically significant differences in all the tests to
evaluate the effectiveness of physical education during a 4-year study,
except in the standing long jump test. The best average results in motor
capabilities tests, were achieved after two years of study, while in the
endurance tests showed the best results achieved at the end of a 4-years
studying. Conclusion. The results of overcoming specific tests for the
physical abilities of the Military Academy cadets show that the physical
education curriculum only slightly improves the development of physical
skills of cadets during a 4-year study. The existing program shows the best
results in the pull-ups test of the ground troops, and the worst in the
multiple motor control tests (endurance, strength and speed).
Endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic diseases
Authors: Davidovic Lazar , Jevtic Miodrag , Radak Djordje , Sagic Dragan , Marjanovic Ivan , Koncar Igor , Colic Momcilo , Rusovic Sinisa , Antonic Zelimir
Published: January 2013

Bacground/Aim. Endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic diseases is an
adequate alternative to open surgery. This method was firstly performed in
Serbia in 2004, while routine usage started in 2007. Aim of this study was to
analyse initial experience in endovacular treatment of thoracic aortic
diseses of three main vascular hospitals in Belgrade - Clinic for Vascular
and Endovascular Surgery of the Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for
Vascular Surgery of the Military Medical Academy, and Clinic for Vascular
Surgery of the Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases ?Dedinje?. Methods.
Between March 2004. and November 2010. 41 patients were treated in these
three hospitals due to different diseases of the thoracic aorta. A total of
21 patients had degenerative atherosclerotic aneurysm, 6 patients had
penetrating aortic ulcer, 6 had posttraumatic aneurysm, 4 patients had
ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm, 1 had false anastomotic aneurysm after
open repair, and 3 patients had dissected thoracic aneurysm of the
thoracoabdominal aorta. In 15 cases the endovascular procedure was performed
as a part of the hybrid procedure, after carotidsubclavian bypass in 4
patients and subclavian artery transposition in 1 patient due to the short
aneurysmatic neck; in 2 patients iliac conduit was used due to hypoplastic or
stenotic iliac artery; in 5 patients previous reconstruction of abdominal
aorta was performed; in 1 patient complete debranching of the aortic arch,
and in 2 patients visceral abdominal debranching were performed. Results. The
intrahospital mortality rate (30 days) was 7.26% (3 patients with ruptured
thoracic aneurysms died). Endoleak type II in the first control exam was
revealed in 3 patients (7. 26%). The patients were followed up in a period of
1-72 months, on average 29 months. The most devastating complication during a
followup period was aortoesofageal fistula in 1 patient a year after the
treatment of posttraumatic aneurysm. Conversion was performed with
explantation of stent-graft and open aortic in situ recontruction, followed
by esophagectomy and the creation of cervical and gastrical stoma.
Conclusion. Having in mind initial results of the 3 main vascular clinics in
Belgrade, Serbia, economical situation in our country, as well as the
published international results, endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic
diseases is indicated in hemodinamicaly unstable patients with acute
traumatic aneurysm, or in stabile patients older than 65, as well as in case
of chronic diseases of the thoracic aorta in patients with significant
comorbid conditions or in patients older than 65 years. Endovascular
procedures on the thoracic aorta could be performed, hower, only in
high-volume centers with experience in routine open surgery of thoracic
aorta.
Celiac disease diagnosed after uncomplicated pregnancy in a patient with history of bulimia nervosa
Authors: Milisavljevic Nemanja , Cvetkovic Mirjana , Nikolic Goran , Filipovic Branka , Milinic Nikola
Published: January 2013

Introduction. The association between celiac disease and eating disorders has
been very rarely reported. This is the first report on celiac disease
associated with bulimia in this part of Europe. Case report. An adult female
patient with history of bulimia and one uncomplicated pregnancy was admitted
to the Gastroenterology Department, due to long lasting dyspeptic symptoms,
constipation, major weight loss and fatigue. After positive serological
screening, the diagnosis of celiac disease was confirmed with histopathology
examination of duodenal biopsy specimen. Conclusion. Complicated interactions
between celiac disease and bulimia can make them difficult to diagnose and
treat. It is important to consider the presence of celiac disease in patients
with bulimia and gastrointestinal symptoms.
Possibilities of reconstruction and implant-prosthetic rehabilitation following mandible resection
Authors: Konstantinovic Vitomir , Todorovic Vladimir , Lazic Vojkan
Published: January 2013

Introduction. Mandible reconstruction is still very challenging for surgeons.
Mandible defects could be the consequence of ablative surgery for
malignancies, huge jaw cysts, infection and trauma. Segmental resection of
the mandible may compromise orofacial function and often lead to patients
psychological disorders. Despite very frequent use of microvascular flaps,
autogenous bone grafts are still very reliable technique for mandible
reconstruction. Comprehensive therapy means not only mandible reconstruction,
but prosthodontic rehabilitation supported by dental implants, which can
significantly improve patients quality of life. The aim of this paper was to
evaluate possible techniques of mandible reconstruction and to present a
patient who had been submitted to mandible resection and reconstruction with
autogenous iliac bone graft and prosthodontic rehabilitation with fixed
denture anchoraged by disc-shaped implants in early loading protocol. Case
report. Mandible reconstruction was performed simultaneously with resection.
Autogenous iliac bone graft was taken, reshaped and placed in two parts, to
the required optimal contour of the mandible. After graft consolidation,
decision was made for prosthodontics rehabilitation with fixed dentures
supported by implants. In addition to the standard preoperative procedures,
planning was done based on a biomodel gained by rapid prototyping after CT
scan. It offered a real 3D planning to obtain a proper shape, dimension and
the position of implants. Conclusion. If bone dimensions of a reconstructed
mandible are insufficient, like in the presented case, the use of basal
osseointegrated implants may be a method of choice. Avoiding bone
augmentation procedures, as well as early loading protocol for this type of
implants, shorten the total rehabilitation time, which is very convenient for
patients. Fixed denture supported by dental implants is the best solution for
comprehensive rehabilitation after mandible resection.
Cervical cancer screening in Serbia
Authors: Perisic Zivko , Plesinac-Karapandzic Vesna , Dzinic Milica , Zamurovic Milena , Perisic Natasa
Published: January 2013

nema
Why we are not keeping up with leading countries?
Authors: Aganbegjan Gezevic
Published: January 2013

The article discusses the state of Russian economic and social sphere and
stresses the obvious lagging in comparison with leading countries. For this
reason there is a great necessity for changes in Russian economic policy so
the article proposes measures based on the rich experience of leading
countries and emphasizes the best experiences and results of domestic
economic and social development.
Growth of innovation capacity of the transition economy: Technologies, education, communications
Authors: Blinov Olegovic , Zakharov Yakovlevich
Published: January 2013

The article argues that the results of modernization are determined by the
growth of innovation potential. The success of modernization depends on the
coherence of technological, educational and communication strategies.
Bilimovich as agrarian economist
Authors: Nikulin Mihailovic
Published: January 2013

This article discusses the career and agrarian studies of the famous Russian
economist Alexander D. Bilimovich (1876-1963). Bilimovich was a well educated
economist who wrote several significant works in the field of economics,
finance, cooperation, social and economic forecasting. However, until now his
agrarian heritage has not had the special attention of researchers.
Bilimovich had a unique path in life he took an active part in the Stolypin
reforms and in white agrarian reforms during the civil war in Russia. After
the Civil War immigrant Bilimovich lived for a long time and worked
successfully in Yugoslavia, Germany, and the USA. He was processed systematic
critique of Soviet economic policy, in particular its agricultural base.
Bilinovich?s agrarian heritage is undoubtedly significant in contemporary
Russia.
Reacquaintance with the „irreplaceable ” minister
Authors: Bukvic Rajko
Published: January 2013

The paper considers the renewed interest in the life and work of Arseny
Grigorevich Zverev, a long-time people?s commissioner, i.e. the USSR finance
minister. The focus is on his secret report prepared for the Prime Minister
I. V. Dzugashvili prior to the monetary reform of 1947, one of the most
successful reforms in the whole monetary history. Having been published
relatively recently in one of the newest historical journals, this report
established Zverev as the true author of this reform. At the same time, it
presents a brief review of the history of money and monetary systems in
Russia, i.e. the USSR, including the monetary reform in the early 1920?s.
The Eurozone crisis: Causes and policy
Authors: Grbic Vladimir
Published: January 2013

Fiscal instability, the growth of the public debt, current account deficits,
especially in countries which are largely on the periphery of the Eurozone:
Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain, the so-called PIIGS countries,
have opened numerous questions and provoked various measures for their
resolution. The article focuses on the analysis of the causes of the crisis
and considers two main approaches to the issue, the anti-crisis measures
undertaken now in the Eurozone, but also the evaluation of their performance.
The article also identifies the need to construct new, unconventional
policies, which should effectively respond to the challenges, so certain
measures have been proposed in this direction.
Mitigating abiotic stress in crop plants by microorganisms
Authors: Milosevic Nada , Marinkovic Jelena , Tintor Branislava
Published: January 2013

Microorganisms could play an important role in adaptation strategies and
increase of tolerance to abiotic stresses in agricultural plants.
Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) mitigate most effectively the
impact of abiotic stresses (drought, low temperature, salinity, metal
toxicity, and high temperatures) on plants through the production of
exopolysaccharates and biofilm formation. PGPR mitigate the impact of drought
on plants through a process so-called induced systemic tolerance (IST), which
includes: a) bacterial production of cytokinins, b) production of
antioxidants and c) degradation of the ethylene precursor ACC by bacterial
ACC deaminase. Symbiotic fungi (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) and dual
symbiotic systems (endophytic rhizospheric bacteria and symbiotic fungi) also
tend to mitigate the abiotic stress in plants.
Myrtus comunis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis cytotoxicity on breast cancer cells
Authors: Hrubik Jelena , Kaisarevic Sonja , Glisic Branka , Jovin Emilija , Mimica-Dukic Neda , Kovacevic Radmila
Published: January 2013

In vitro cytotoxicity of methanol, ethyl acetate, n-buthanol, and water
extracts of Myrtus communis L. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. was
examined against two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF 7 and MDA-MB-231)
using MTT and SRB assays. The results showed significant cytotoxic potential
of examined extracts, with IC50 values ranging from 7 to 138 ?g/ml for M.
communis and 3-250 ?g/ml for E. camaldulensis. The two plants generally
expressed similar activity, and no significant difference in cell line?s
sensitivity towards extracts was observed. The results indicate to M.
communis and E. camaldulensis as candidates for thorough chemical analyses
for identification of active compounds, and eventually for attention in the
process of discovery of new natural products in the control of cancer.
Effect of lead contamination of maize seed on its biological properties
Authors: Kastori Rudolf , Maksimovic Ivana , Dorogházi Ottó , Putnik-Delic Marina
Published: January 2013

Effect of treatment of seed with various lead concentrations (0, 10-5, 10-4,
10-3, and 10-2 mol/dm3) on accumulation and distribution of lead (Pb) in
seedling, seed germination, seedling growth, and mobilization of mineral
matter during seed germination was investigated. Content of Pb in the root
and the shoot indicates that seeds imbibed in solutions of various Pb
concentrations took up Pb intensively. Content of Pb in the root and the
shoot increased with increase of Pb concentration and it was much larger in
the root than in the shoot. Contrary to this, the accumulation coefficient
was greater in the shoot than in the root. Treatment of seed with Pb did not
significantly affect its biological properties. Increase of Pb concentration
decreased germination ability, germination energy, and percentage of typical
seedlings, while increasing the number of atypical seedlings and
non-germinated seeds. Contamination of seed by Pb did not affect the dry
matter mass and the growth of young plants shoots, while the length of the
primary root, the mesocotyl root as well as the root mass at the highest Pb
concentration, significantly decreased. Translocation of mobilized mineral
matter from the seed during germination and growth of young plants into the
root and shoot was specific, depending on elements. Only the implementation
of the highest implemented Pb concentration affected mobilization and
translocation of some elements. Based on the obtained results, it can be
concluded that maize is characterized by significant tolerance to Pb
contamination during seed germination and growth of seedlings.
Genetic, chemical, and physical predispositions of new maize inbred lines and hybrids with efficient photosynthesis
Authors: Radenovic Cedomir , Filipovic Milomir , Radosavljevic Milica , Jovanovic Zivota , Kaitovic Zeljko , Tolimir Miodrag , Grcic Nikola , Crevar Milos , Stevanovic Milan
Published: January 2013

This study confirmed our hypothesis that new maize inbred lines and hybrids
derived from them had a dominant property of an efficient photosynthetic
model. This property is successfully used in breeding programmes, modern
technologies of the seed, and commercial maize production. This statement is
supported by the results displayed on the erect position of the top leaves of
new maize inbred lines and photosynthetic and florescence parameters: the
change of the delayed chlorophyll fluorescence intensity during its course
and dynamics, the Arrhenius criterion for the determination of critical
temperatures (phase transition temperatures) and the activation energies, as
a measure of conformational changes in chloroplasts and the thylakoid
membrane. Furthermore, a grain structure including its physical and chemical
parameters of new maize inbred lines and hybrids was analysed in the present
study. In addition, relevant breeding, seed production and technological
traits, properties and parameters of new maize inbred lines and maize hybrids
were observed in the present study. The overall presented results show that
properties of new inbred lines and maize hybrids are based on the nature of
conformational and functional changes that occur in their chloroplasts and
thylakoid membranes, as well as, on progressive effects in modern breeding,
contemporary hybrid seed production, and the commercial maize production.
Investigation of sand in piping
Authors: Nadj Laslo
Published: January 2013

For the investigation of the grain size distribution of the material washed
out from the piping, we used 20 samples originating from different places on
the Danube and the Tisza rivers. The grading characteristics of these samples
were investigated based on selected grain sizes and the uniformity of
gradients. Based on the investigations it has become possible to identify
which grain size fractions are likely to be washed out, and how to
characterize those fractions. Based on the grain size distribution curves it
has been made possible to define the boundaries of the zone susceptible to
piping. The zone limits of granular soils liquefied by earthquakes and the
zone limits of the soil out washed from piping are very similar. This
apparent correspondence already formerly raised the hypothetic question of
whether piping occurring during high flood can be simulated by shape to
similar surface liquefaction phenomena experienced during earthquakes, as in
both cases a volcanic cone is formed through the crater of which water is
constantly issuing, dragging away solid particles.
Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with multiloop edgewise arch wire and modified Class III elastics by maxillary mini-implant anchorage
Authors: He Shushu , Gao Jinhui , Wamalwa Peter , Wang Yunji , Zou Shujuan , Chen Song
Published: January 2013

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of the multiloop edgewise arch wire (MEAW) technique with maxillary mini-implants in the camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty patients were treated with the MEAW technique and modified Class III elastics from the maxillary mini-implants. Twenty-four patients were treated with MEAW and long Class III elastics from the upper second molars as control. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained and analyzed before and after treatment, and 1 year after retention.

Results:

Satisfactory occlusion was established in both groups. Through principal component analysis, it could be concluded the anterior-posterior dental position, skeletal sagittal and vertical position, and upper molar vertical position changed within groups and between groups; vertical lower teeth position and Wits distance changed in the experimental group and between groups. In the experimental group, the lower incisors tipped lingually 2.7 mm and extruded 2.4 mm. The lingual inclination of the lower incisors increased 3.5°. The mandibular first molars tipped distally 9.1° and intruded 0.4 mm. Their cusps moved 3.4 mm distally. In the control group, the upper incisors proclined 3°, and the upper first molar extruded 2 mm. SN-MP increased 1.6° and S-Go/N-ME decreased 1.

Conclusions:

The MEAW technique combined with modified Class III elastics by maxillary mini-implants can effectively tip the mandibular molars distally without any extrusion and tip the lower incisors lingually with extrusion to camouflage skeletal Class III malocclusions. Clockwise rotation of the mandible and further proclination of upper incisors can be avoided. The MEAW technique and modified Class III elastics provided an appropriate treatment strategy especially for patients with high angle and open bite tendency.
Symptomatic multipartite patella: imaging findings and pain relief. A description of two cases
Authors: Perdikakis Evangelos , Pothitakis Chrysovalantis
Published: January 2013

Musculoskeletal injuries in the non-elite athletes are a clinical entity that is being seen more frequently nowadays. The term “weekend warriors” applies to amateur participants in sports activities and is related to an increasing number of musculoskeletal injuries mainly due to overuse. Concomitant skeletal variations may as well predispose to trauma. We add to the literature two cases of multipartite patella in which locally injected ropivacaine (ropivacaine hydrochloride) and steroid (betamethasone acetate-betamethasone sodium phosphate) relieved the symptoms completely. Here, we describe the clinical, imaging features and the course of treatment.
Chemical robotics — chemotactic drug carriers
Authors: Lagzi István
Published: January 2013

In this review we show and describe a concept of designing autonomously moving artificial cells (chemical robots) carrying drugs and having tactic behavior based on artificial chemotaxis. Such systems could help to provide new and more efficient drug delivery applications. Chemical robot can be constructed based on the self-organization — natural “bottom-up” way — of fatty acid or lipid molecules into ordered nano- or micrometer size objects that have the ability to move and respond to environmental stimuli. The idea of using tactic carriers in drug delivery applications can be justified by the fact that cancer sites in the living body have different physiological characters (lower pH and higher resting temperature) compared to normal cells. The proposed “bottom-up” design method for self-propelled objects at small scales for targeted drug delivery applications could realize the original designation of nanoscience proposed 50 years ago by Richard Feynman.
The Effect of Parkinson Drug Timing on Cardiovascular Response during Treadmill Exercise in a Person with Parkinson Disease and Freezing of Gait
Authors: Petersen Cheryl M. , Nelson Reid , Steffen Teresa M.
Published: January 2013

Purpose: To examine the response of cerebral oxygenation during treadmill walking in a person with Parkinson disease (PD) who experiences freezing of gait (FOG) and to determine whether the oxygen response was related to the timing of his PD medication. Client Description: A 61-year-old man with PD performed two bouts of treadmill testing on the same day, during the on- and off-phases of his PD medication. Measures and Outcome: The client experienced two FOG episodes during the first testing session (on-phase with hypokinetic movement session). Cerebral oxygen response (measured by near-infrared spectroscopy) was stable until the FOG episodes occurred, at which point it decreased until the FOG episode was over. No electrocardiogram (ECG) changes or lightheadedness were noted; blood pressure (BP) remained stable. During the second exercise testing session (off-phase with dyskinetic movement session), the client did not experience any FOG episodes, and his cerebral oxygen response remained stable. Toward the end of the second testing session, he experienced lightheadedness and a drop in BP of approximately 30 mmHg, along with significant ST segment depression on his ECG. Implications: Haemodynamic and cerebral oxygen changes occurred that were specific to the timing of the client's PD medication and to his FOG episodes. This case study shows a person with PD demonstrating decreased cerebral oxygenation during FOG, which may be based on his variable response to levodopa medication or may be attributable to as yet unidentified physiologic mechanisms.
Stop Aggregation Model
Authors: Lee Sang Gu , Hickman Mark , Tong Daoqin
Published: January 2013

The development and the application of a stop aggregation model (SAM) for a transit network based on Google's General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) are detailed. The use of GTFS has been drawing attention in the public transit planning arena. A SAM is proposed to explore how to use this innovative data source in a transit network. The hypothesis is based on the fact that transit users' activity may not originate from or be destined to an individual stop per se. Rather, the activity is associated with a specific location in the vicinity of the stop, and this location may be covered by several adjacent transit stops. Therefore, the goal of a SAM is to define a generalized definition of a stop that more closely matches the nature of locations that serve as passenger origins and destinations. To define an aggregate area around a transit stop or station, three parameters are investigated: distance or proximity, text in the stop description, and the catchment (service) area. These aggregated stop groups can be represented as a single node in the transit network, depending on the level of aggregation desired. A case study of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area in Minnesota is performed with GTFS data from Metro Transit. A SAM can be practically applied in estimating aggregate-level origin–destination flows and linking with onboard survey data.
Detection of Activities of Public Transport Users by Analyzing Smart Card Data
Authors: Devillaine Flavio , Munizaga Marcela , Trépanier Martin
Published: January 2013

During the past decade, a significant amount of research has been dedicated to the use of smart card data for various purposes. A method is presented for the detection and estimation of the location, time, duration, and purpose of activities undertaken by public transit users with the use of smart card databases and other available information about land use and user behavior. The method is applied to cases in Santiago, Chile, and Gatineau, Quebec, Canada, to identify activity purpose and time frame to characterize user behavior. The results obtained for each city are compared to discover differences in behavioral activity patterns due to sociological, cultural, and geopolitical differences.
New Model for Secondary Benefits of Transit Priority
Authors: Currie Graham , Sarvi Majid
Published: January 2013

The case for transit priority can be substantially enhanced if direct passenger travel time benefits are supplemented by secondary benefits, such as mode shift (from automobile drivers) and operating fleet resource savings (due to running time improvements). Although these effects have been theorized in previous research, no quantitative evidential basis has been established. As part of a wider international research project aiming to develop new methodologies to plan and optimize the design of transit priority schemes, actual evidence of transit priority impacts is used to fill this gap and expand on previous theoretical models. Evidence of mode shift effects suggests that transit priority can generate mode shift from automobile drivers at levels of travel time savings much lower than those suggested in previous theoretical models. A strong statistical link between the percentage of travel time savings resulting from transit priority and reductions in automobile driving was established (R2 = .76). Evidence shows that transit fleet savings resulting from priority schemes can occur at much lower levels of travel time savings than previously suggested, as long as transit route lengths and headways are reasonably short. Analysis results suggest that savings in fleet resources will continue beyond the thresholds suggested in theoretical models. A revised theoretical model of the secondary benefits of transit priority is suggested; it reveals that benefits are cumulative and generally higher than previously suggested. Areas for future research are recommended.
Impact of Bus Transit Centers on Values of Nearby Single-Family Residential Land in Houston, Texas
Authors: Lewis Carol Abel , Goodwin Gwendolyn C.
Published: January 2013

Public transit professionals continue to seek methods that offer greater service opportunities without a material increase in the costs of service provision. One strategy is to construct bus transit centers, which operate much like the airline hub-and-spoke concept. More frequent destinations can be made available with shorter patron wait times and little or no increase in the number of bus hours. Patrons tend to appreciate the convenience of a transfer occurring in a lighted facility as well as the increased level of bus service. Many bus-based centers may be close to single-family neighborhoods, and residents might express concern about property values given the presence of a bus transit center nearby. In addition to the bus transit centers that serve traditional local or express routes, several bus rapid transit lines are planned in other cities, with stations that might lead nearby communities to ask similar questions about property values. The impact of bus transit centers is assessed on nearby single-family residential property values in Houston, Texas. Five Houston transit centers show that the transit centers in low- and moderate-income neighborhoods have a positive influence on property values. In the single affluent neighborhood in the study, results indicate the transit center negatively affects property values, but the influence is less than that of other variables.
Half-Mile Circle
Authors: Guerra Erick , Cervero Robert , Tischler Daniel
Published: January 2013

The 0.5-mile distance has become accepted for gauging a transit station's catchment area in the United States and is the de facto standard for the planning of U.S. transit-oriented developments (TODs). Planners and researchers use transit catchment areas not only to make predictions about transit ridership and transit impacts (socioeconomic and on land use) but also to prescribe regulations (e.g., relaxing restrictive zoning or carving out TODs for financial plans). This radius is loosely based on the distance that people are willing to walk to transit, but the same reasoning has been used to justify other transit catchment areas. Station-level variables from 1,449 high-capacity American transit stations in 21 cities are used to determine whether a clear benchmark between distance and ridership provides a norm for station-area planning and prediction. Results indicate that, for the purposes of predicting station-level transit ridership, different catchment areas have little influence on a model's predictive power. This finding suggests that transit agencies should use the easiest, most readily available data when estimating direct demand models. The evidence is less clear for prescribing land use policy. Nevertheless, results support the use of a 0.25-mile catchment area around transit for jobs and a 0.5-mile catchment area for population. Even though these distances probably will vary, depending on the location and the study purpose, the distances are good starting points for considering transit-oriented land use policy or collecting labor-intensive data, such as surveys, about transit-adjacent firms or households.
Assessment of Potential Improvements to Metro–Bus Transfers in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Cherry Tristan , Townsend Craig
Published: January 2013

The rail rapid transit (metro) systems in Bangkok, Thailand, lack good intermodal connections. Actions that could improve connections between metros and buses are specified. More than 300 surveys were used to identify passenger perceptions of specific conditions of transfers between subway stations and buses. Passengers expressed high levels of dissatisfaction with specified conditions and the overall transfer experience; this finding suggests that intermodal metro–bus transfers could be greatly improved. The information was used to calibrate importance–satisfaction analysis and ordinal regression models. Model results suggest that the conditions that could have the greatest effect on the overall transfer experience are safety from crime and the distance between subway exits and bus stops.
Park-and-Ride Facilities in New York City
Authors: Holguín-Veras José , Reilly Jack , Aros-Vera Felipe , Yushimito Wilfredo , Isa Jhael
Published: January 2013

A procedure is developed to assess the economic feasibility of park-and-ride facilities. Relevant literature is discussed, and a mathematical formulation that can be integrated with a regional planning model is produced and applied to the selection of park-and-ride facilities in New York City. The evaluation procedure is divided into two main stages: candidate selection and candidate evaluation. The candidates are selected according to a set of criteria that includes demand considerations, transit connectivity and design, community integration, and economic viability. Economic assessment of the candidates considers the generalized cost of travel and entails the use of a binary logit model and the computation of four performance measures: expected demand, market share, weighted average savings, and present value of benefits.
Impacts of Vacant Land Values
Authors: Kittrell Katherine
Published: January 2013

The Metro light rail line opened in Phoenix, Arizona, in December 2008 as the nation's largest modern high-capacity transit system starter line. Spanning 24 miles and 28 stations, Metro connected three cities with radically different land use policies. The response of the Phoenix land market to the 1997 announcement of the station locations was investigated as an interrupted time series case study. Studies evaluating public investments commonly use hedonic modeling to calculate one average attributable percentage increase for all properties affected by the investment. Conclusions were drawn about the relative development potential of each individual Phoenix transit station by comparing land sales prices per square foot before and after the light rail announcement. Data on the percentage increase in value were augmented with qualitative observations, and transit stations were compared with Phoenix's most prominent, centrally located, mixed-use intersections not serviced by high-capacity transit to further evaluate the development potential for light rail. Across the three cities served by Metro, station area values increased the most in Tempe, Arizona; only the stations immediately adjacent to Tempe decreased in market value. Sales volume tripled in the 3 years immediately after the station location announcement. The effectiveness of public policy, and of the light rail investment itself, can be gauged by the market for vacant land before, during, and after construction of the light rail system. Additional investigation of these three distinct periods may help local governments plan more effective station areas and recapture land value increases to fund transit improvements.
Enhanced Analysis of Work Zone Safety through Integration of Statewide Crash and Lane Closure System Data
Authors: Cheng Yang , Parker Steven T. , Ran Bin , Noyce David A.
Published: January 2013

Highway work zones interrupt regular traffic flow and lead to more severe types of crashes, as shown by many studies. In 2009 alone, more than 600 fatalities nationally were work zone related. Analysis of work zone safety can help to identify the risk factors and improve safety; such an analysis requires the consideration of a variety of data sources, including the frequency of crashes in and around a work zone and specific work zone characteristics. The traditional approach, in Wisconsin and many other states, has relied on the presence of a construction zone flag in the crash report and information from targeted work zone studies. The crash report provides a macroscopic view of work zone crashes but does not provide details about the work zones, except when noted in the police officer's narrative description. Targeted work zone studies provide a wealth of information for specific work zones but are limited in number and scope. The Wisconsin Lane Closure System (WisLCS), a centralized scheduling and reporting system for highway lane closures statewide, provides a new opportunity to match crashes to specific work zones on a systemwide level. This paper investigated the ability to match highway crash records from the Wisconsin Department of Transportation to WisLCS lane closure records. A preliminary analysis of work zone safety based on WisLCS closure attributes is presented and verifies the benefits of integrating work zone information. This knowledge can lead to safer work zone operations and planning decisions. The general ideas of this study can also be applied to any similar sets of crash and work zone data.
Safety Evaluation of Geometric Design Criteria for Spacing of Entrance–Exit Ramp Sequence and Use of Auxiliary Lanes
Authors: Le Thanh Q. , Porter Richard J.
Published: January 2013

Geometric design decisions regarding interchange and ramp spacing on freeways have traditionally taken a nominal approach to safety. This approach oversimplifies driver behavior and complex interactions between roadway geometrics, traffic operations, and safety and tends to promote a one-size-fits-all approach to evaluating design alternatives. The objective of this paper was to quantify the relationship between ramp spacing and freeway safety. Data for this study included freeway geometric features, traffic characteristics, and crash counts for 404 freeway segments in California and Washington State. A negative binomial regression modeling approach was used to explore the relationship between ramp spacing and safety. Results indicated that expected crash frequency increased as ramp spacing decreased. The expected proportion of crashes resulting in a fatality or injury appeared to decrease as ramp spacing decreased. The presence of an auxiliary lane was associated with a lower expected frequency of crashes for any given ramp spacing; the safety benefits of providing an auxiliary lane diminished as ramp spacing increased. The model results related to ramp spacing and the presence of an auxiliary lane were transformed into crash modification factors and validated through comparisons with an independent research study on weaving areas in Texas. The safety findings were generally consistent with current Green Book design criteria related to ramp spacing and the presence of an auxiliary lane. The ability to quantify the expected impact on safety of ramp spacing associated with new or modified interchanges will assist transportation agencies in making well-informed assessments of the overall benefits, impacts, and costs of freeway access decisions.