bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Method for Deriving High-Priority Financial Data Items that Must be Improved to Increase Market Capitalization
Authors: Tsuyoshi Yoshioka
Published: August 2021

Market capitalization is one of the most important indicators for gauging the value of a company. Normally, improving financial data increases market capitalization. However, because there are numerous financial data, it is important to derive high-priority financial data items whose improvement can increase market capitalization. To achieve this, in this study, a method was developed using a remodeled customer satisfaction analysis model with financial data of the companies that make up the Nikkei 225. A graph was created with the correlation coefficient on the horizontal axis and the deviation value of each financial data item on the vertical axis, and then the financial data items plotted in the lower right corner of the graph were extracted. Using this method, it is possible to derive high-priority financial data items to increase market capitalization from numerous financial data.
Ciempiés de Sinaloa, México (Myriapoda: Chilopoda): nuevos registros de especies y ampliación de su distribución estatal
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, López-Bonel Fernando , Ávila-Gaxiola Claudia Patricia , Cupul Magaña Fabio Germán ,   Universidad de Guadalajara
Published: August 2021

Se han registrado siete especies y una subespecie de ciempiés en Sinaloa. El estudio de nuevo material, recolectado de 2016 a 2018, permitió identificar 12 especies de ciempiés, de las cuales ocho representan nuevos registros estatales. Las otras cuatro especies, previamente documentadas para el estado, son registradas en nuevas localidades. Presentamos una lista con los nuevos registros para el estado de Dendrothereua linceci (Wood, 1867), Scolopendra morsitants Linnaeus, 1758, Newportia quadrimeropus (Shelley & Mercurio, 2005), N. stolli (Pocock, 1896), Pachymerium ferrugineum (Koch, 1835), Mecistocephalus guildingii Newport, 1843, Notiphilides maximiliani (Humbert & Saussure, 1870) y Orphnaeus brevilabiatus (Newport,1845), así como nuevos registros de localidades para Arthrorhabdus pygmaeus (Pocock, 1895), S. polymorpha Wood, 1861, S. viridis Say, 1821 y Rhysida longipes (Newport, 1845). La lista actualizada de especies de ciempiés para Sinaloa es de 15 especies y una subespecie. En México, el estado está clasificado octavo en riqueza de ciempiés.
Primeros registros de los géneros Archimandrita Saussure, 1893 y Eublaberus Hebard, 1920 (Blattodea: Blaberidae) para México.
Authors:   Museo Universitario de Historia Natural ", Estrada Álvarez Julio Cesar ,   Dr. Manuel M. Villada",   de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México., Guadarrama Rico Cesar Augusto ,   FUCESA
Published: August 2021

Se reportan por primera vez para territoro mexicano los géneros neotropicales de la familia Blaberidae Archimandrita Saussure, 1893 y Eublaberus Hebard, 1920. Archimandrita Saussure, 1893 y Eublaberus Hebard, 1920
Courtship and mating behavior in four Pachytroctidae species (Psocodea: ‘Psocoptera’: Troctomorpha: Nanopsocetae: Pachytroctidae)
Authors:   Thousand Oaks Loop, San Marcos, Texas, Young Diane W. , Mockford Edward L. ,   School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University
Published: August 2021

Courtship and mating behavior were investigated in four species, representing three different genera, in the family Pachytroctidae. All exhibited a lengthy courtship in the male-above position followed by brief copulation in the female-above position with both facing in the same direction. This courtship behavior has not previously been observed in ‘Psocoptera’ and may be unique to Pachytroctidae. In three of the species in this study, the spermatophore remnant protruded from the tip of the male’s abdomen after copulation, and was immediately deposited on the surface of the experimental enclosure. Differences in courtship behavior of the two closely related and sympatric Tapinella species, described in this report, may represent reproductive isolating mechanisms. Under experimental conditions, we observed a male of each Tapinella species mount, court, and attempt to mate with a virgin female of the other species. In each case the female rejected the male and failed to mate. Implications relative to these behaviors are discussed. DOI links to videos are provided for easy access.
ANALYSIS OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION AND FORECAST ESTIMATION OF THE NUMBER OF FIRST GRADE STUDENTS
Authors:   SSI «Institute of Educational Analytics», Gapon Valentyna , Barabash Olena ,   SSI «Institute of Educational Analytics», Chimbay Lyudmyla ,   SSI «Institute of Educational Analytics»
Published: August 2021

General secondary education is an important element of the education system of any country and the basis for successful procurement of the next levels of education. The importance of the management analysis based on statistical data is increasing and it makes it possible to establish the dynamics of changes and to identify their factors and typical trends in the general secondary education system as a whole. The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of demographic processes on the formation of the contingent of first-graders and forecast it for the future. The dynamics of the birth rate between 2008 and 2018 are analyzed based on the calculated birth rates by the regions and types of areas (urban and rural settlements). The used statistical methodology for the consistent patterns is based on the principles of comparison, analysis, and synthesis with the use of generalizing indicators. To calculate the projected number of first-graders, factual methods are chosen based on the available information about the forecasting object and its past development, based on which a scientifically substantiated conclusion is achieved about the possible state of the object in the future. Dynamic series of the averaged coefficients of the ratio of the number of first-grade students and the number of births in the corresponding period is constructed. The research is based on the data of statistical forms of reporting on the activities of general secondary education 76-RVC «Consolidated report of day schools of general secondary education» for the period of 2014/2015-2019/2020 and information of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine on the population and birth rate of children in Ukraine in 2008-2018.
IMPROVEMENT OF INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR THE FUNCTIONING OF THE INCLUSIVE EDUCATION SYSTEM
Authors:   SSI «Institute of Educational Analytics», Lytvynchuk Andrii , Tereshchenko Hanna ,   SSI «Institute of Educational Analytics», Kyrianov Andrii ,   SSI «Institute of Educational Analytics», Gaiduk Ivan ,   SSI «Institute of Educational Analytics»
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the article is to study current trends and ways of improving information support for the functioning of an inclusive education system in Ukraine. The automated system of inclusive resource center (AS «IRC») is defined as a set of software and hardware, based on information and telecommunication technologies provide for the creation of a single integrated information space in inclusive education for the processing of the information generated by the operation of the AS «IRC» and their information support. It is determined that through AS «IRC» teachers of general secondary education institutions and preschool institutions have the opportunity to compile individual development programs for children with special educational needs (SEN), using the findings previously developed by the experts of the inclusive resource centre. EMIS features are described in Ukraine, which operates by collecting information on enrolment, attendance, grade repetition, expulsion from school and graduation. A template is provided for the minimum recommended set of questions to identify children with SEN. Such monitoring makes it possible to identify and detail the difficulties faced by children / teachers, in contrast to the exclusive identification of disability (a certain nosology that is medically confirmed). The development of an inclusive education system in Ukraine is moving towards ensuring the availability and quality of educational services for children with SEN, which aims to improve the quality of information support. In the process of improving the functioning of the AS «IRC» indicators of inclusive education, it is necessary to ensure an organic combination of data already contained in the system with the data set (indicators) that will be collected to assess the effectiveness of educational services in the inclusive education segment. It is substantiated that data sets on the development of inclusive education should be clearly and consistently defined, and should include a wide range of information on children with SEN.
ANALISIS BIAYA DAN KEUNTUNGAN UMKM HHBK SIRUP MANGROVE DI DESA KUALA LANGSA KECAMATAN LANGSA BARAT KOTA LANGSA
Authors: Sabna Hari , Rozalina  , Alham Fiddini
Published: August 2021

Hari Sabna, 2020. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur biaya dan keuntungan dari  UMKM (Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah) HHBK (Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu) sirup mangrove di Desa Kuala Langsa Kecamatan Langsa Barat Kota Langsa. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara langsung dengan anggota kelompok Perempuan Kuala Maju. Metode analisis menggunakan  rumus Avarage total cost (ATC), Total fixed cost (TFC), Total variabel cost (TVC), Avarage fixed cost (AFC), Avarage variabel cost (AVC), Total cost (TC), Total revenue (TR), dan Keuntungan (Π). Data yang digunakan yaitu besar biaya yang dikeluarkan selama satu bulan produksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stuktur biaya yaitu, biaya tetap sebesar Rp 265.625/bulan, biaya variabel sebesar Rp 1.423.770/bulan, biaya tetap rata-rata Rp 1.362/bulan, biaya variabel rata-rata 7.301/bulan, biaya total rata-rata 8.663/bulan, penerimaan sebesar Rp 2.925.000/bulan dan  Total biaya yang dikeluarkan sebesar Rp 1.689.395/bulan, sehingga diperoleh keuntungan sebesar Rp 1.235.605/bulan.
Pengelolaan Sistem Dusung Di Negeri Laha Kecamatan Telutih Kabupaten Maluku Tengah
Authors: Sitaniapessy Falen J.
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengelolaan  sisttem dusung di Negri Laha Kecamatan Telutih  Kabupaten  Maluku Tengah. Penentuan sampel dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive sampling) dimana sampel yang diambil berdasarkan jumlah pemilik dusung. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer menggunakan metode wawancara secara langsung dengan responden, melakukan observasi atau pengamatan langsung dilapangan dan dokumentasi berupa setiap kegiatan yang akan dilakukan dilokasi penelitian.Sementara data sekunder dilakukan pada kantor atau instansi terkait guna mengumpulkan informasi yang lebih detail untuk menunjang data primer yang telah dikumpulkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa sistem pengelolaan dusung yang diterapkan masyarakat Negri Laha adalah sistem pengelolaan secara pribadi dan pengelolaan dusung secara mata rumah.Pengelolaan dusung yang dilakukan masyarakat Negri Laha lebih mendominasi pada sistem pengelolaan secara pribadi yaitu sebanyak 20 responden dan sistem pengelolaan secara mata rumah sebanyak 10 responden.  Tahap pengelolaan dusung yang ada di Negri Laha dimulai dari  persiapan lahan, penanaman, pemeliharaan, pemanenan sampai pasca panen.
Uji Aktivitas Antinosiseptif Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Dandang Gendis [Clinacanthus nutans (Burn F) Lindau] Dan Daun Bakung (Crinum asiaticum L.) secara In Vivo
Authors: Damayanti Essty , Chaidir Chaidir , Rachmat Rachmaniar
Published: August 2021

The development of new and effective pain medications that are natural isexpected to have the benefits of treatment. The purpose of this study was todetermine the antinociceptive effectiveness of a combination of 75% ethanolextract from dandang gendis leaves and 96% ethanol fraction of bakungleaf. In this study was used chemical method induction (Sigmund's method)in 25 male mice which were divided into 5 treatment groups, namelytreatment group I as negative control was given CMC 0.5%, treatmentgroup II as positive control was given acetosal 100 mg / kg BW, treatmentgroups III, IV and V were given combinations extract. Each group was giventreatment orally, thirty minutes then induced with 0.6% acetic acidintraperitonially, after which it was observed and counted for the amount ofstretching for sixty minutes. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test.The results of this study showed that all treatment groups had a significantdifference (p <0.05), the combination of 75% ethanol extract dandanggendis leaf and 96% ethanol fraction of bakung leaf with a dose of 100 mg/ kg BW had good effectiveness with a percent effectiveness value of 92.50%.The results of this study indicate that the combination of 75% ethanolextract from dandang gendis leaf (Clinacanthus nutans (Burn F) Lindau)and 96% ethanol fraction from bakung leaf (Crinum asiaticum) with thesame concentration ratio, have relatively higher antinociceptive of theactivity of each extract, in other words both of them work together.
Evaluación de la adaptación de la lombriz roja «Eisenia foetida» a lodos de lixiviación de un relleno sanitario con perspectivas a su utilización en procesos de vermicompostaje.
Authors: González García Juan Carlos , Godoy Ponce Sofía Carolina
Published: August 2021

La adaptación de «Eisenia foetida» a un medio no convencional como los lodos de lixiviación abren la puerta a su utilización en procesos de vermicompostaje y a la posibilidad de solucionar un problema de gestión de un residuo muy problemático. Se evaluó la adaptación de la lombriz roja en lodos de lixiviación procedentes de un relleno sanitario, para lo cual fue necesario diseñar un experimento combinando: lodo y aserrín en proporciones variables como sustratos y diferentes masas de lombrices, fueron colocados en cubetas plásticas utilizadas como unidades experimentales. En primera instancia se realizó el cultivo de las lombrices en el medio previamente acondicionado, realizando un control de las variables ambientales para verificar la adaptación de los organismos al tiempo que se controlaban también parámetros físicos, químicos y biológicos para determinar la degradabilidad de los lodos en función del tiempo. Pudo observarse cambios físicos en las unidades experimentales tales como: consistencia más floja de lodos, desvanecimiento de olores desagradables y aumento en el volumen de las muestras, indicadores claros de transformación de los lodos y evidencia de colonización de las lombrices en los sustratos experimentales. Se concluyó que en aquellas unidades experimentales con mayores contenidos porcentuales de lodo se adaptaron y crecieron mayor cantidad de lombrices y mostraron valores más altos de conductividad eléctrica indicador de presencia de especies inorgánicas fruto de la conversión de la materia orgánica inicial, por tanto, Eisenia foetida se adaptó de manera efectiva al lodo de lixiviación y lo más importante que al cabo de 60 días los lodos mostraron signos de compostaje eficiente razón por la cual se asegura que el vermicompostaje como alternativa de tratamiento de estos lodos residuales podría ser viable.
Gene therapy and hospital pharmacy: the experience of the Hospital Pharmacy unit of L. Vanvitelli university hospital
Authors: Dubuis Giovanni , Marrone Francesca , Russo Francesco , Ziccardi Stefania , Annibale Rosa
Published: August 2021

Background: Since hospital use of gene therapy requires close cooperation between doctors and pharmacists to ensure correct drug handling and administration, it is essential to define standard operating procedures (SOPs) for each phase of the process to ensure therapeutic success in compliance with the safety of patient and healthcare professionals. Among the available gene therapy medicines, voretigene neparvovec is used to treat hereditary dystrophy of the retina caused by biallelic mutations in the RPE65 gene. The aim of this article is to describe the experience of the Hospital Pharmacy unit of L. Vanvitelli university hospital in the management of treatment with voretigene neparvovec in the first two pediatric patients treated in Italy. Methods: SOPs were developed for all phases of gene therapy management process (procurement, receipt, storage, handling, transport of the finished product and waste disposal). Particular attention was paid to the training of personnel involved, to ensure maximum compliance with the procedures at all stages of the process. Results: SOPs were developed according to the European Association of Hospital Pharmacist (EAHP) policies and in full agreement with the operating procedures established by the manufacturer, ensuring correct storage and handling of the drug, as well as safe administration to patients. Conclusions: This example confirms the importance of close collaboration in a multidisciplinary team between hospital pharmacists, ophthalmologists experienced in the treatment of patients with hereditary retinal dystrophies and surgeons experienced in subretinal surgery to ensure the correct management of gene therapy with voretigene neparvovec, through compliance with shared operating procedures.
Disseminating science: an illustration of present and future scenarios
Authors: Zuanetti Giulio
Published: August 2021

The last years witnessed an unprecedented use of open access in scientific publishing to disseminate science beyond the border of the academic and research community. In this article, the classic paywall and the more recent open access scenario of publishing are summarized in four key images that may be helpful in illustrating opportunities and challenges for the researchers and academics. Combining their forces with institutions, journalists and life science executive to promote proper science and tackle pseudoscience should be a key priority for the next decade and beyond.
Doença de Sutton: Diagnóstico, manejo e opções terapêuticas
Authors: Delamura Izabela Fornazari , Souza Murilo de Carvalho , Viotto Arthur Henrique Alécio , Barra Ruan Henrique Delmonica , Silva Luis Fernando Alves da , Bizelli Vinicius Ferreira , Baggio Ana Maira Pereira , Ferriolli Stéfani Caroline , Ponzoni Daniela , Bassi Ana Paula Farnezi
Published: August 2021

A estomatite aftosa recorrente (EAR) é uma alteração mais comum da mucosa oral e se caracteriza por uma lesão ulcerada, bem definida, dolorosa, com centro necrótico, bordas elevadas e halo eritematoso, levando a um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Entretanto, ainda não ocorreu a caracterização de um agente etiológico específico para essa afecção. A EAR possui três formas principais, sendo a EAR menor a mais comum na cavidade bucal, as quais são ulcerações bem definidas, dolorosas e cicatrizam em torno de 10 a 14 dias. A herpetiforme, que possui várias lesões e podem coalescer entre 7 e 10 dias, por fim temos a EAR maior, a qual pode perdurar por mais de 6 semanas e podem deixar cicatrizes. O diagnóstico das lesões é feito após um exame clínico minucioso. Metodologia: Este estudo é um relato de caso de forma qualitativa e descritiva, trazendo dados relevantes da literatura. o ético os princípios da Declaração de Helsinque foram respeitados e o paciente assinou o “Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido” para participar da pesquisa. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de EAR em um paciente do gênero masculino de 41 anos de idade com doença de Sutton, apresentando múltiplas úlceras necrosantes dentro de 9 anos de recidivas. Conclusão: Por ser a etiologia da EAR ainda desconhecida e uma desordem comum e recorrente na cavidade bucal o tratamento atual é diversificado e atenta-se no alívio dos sintomas da doença, variando, desde o uso de produtos naturais, uso tópico, anti-inflamatórios, imunomoduladores e aplicação do laser de baixa potência.
O marketing de conteúdo como ferramenta de divulgação científica das inovações do concreto
Authors: Arcanjo Thamara Serafim , Santos Karine de Oliveira , Lima Pedro Henrique Amaral , Souza Marcio Coutinho de , Gomes Antônio Jorge de Lima , Cabral Stênio Cavalier , Franco Mauro Lúcio , Pompermayer Raquel de Souza , Almeida Ivana Carneiro , Silva Catarina Ferreira da Conceição Rodrigues da
Published: August 2021

O Brasil tem expandido seus meios de divulgação científica, sendo transformado pela era digital que se constrói numa variedade de âmbitos sociais. A elaboração de conteúdos, bem como a sua disseminação em plataformas digitais tornou-se uma estratégia eficiente para profissionais de diversos setores. Estudos científicos têm voltado constantemente para o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, abrangendo o concreto e desencadeando múltiplas possibilidades para sua aplicação. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo objetiva demonstrar que a divulgação científica relacionada às inovações do concreto pode ser desenvolvida por meio do marketing de conteúdo. A partir de um enfoque qualitativo, realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico para embasamento teórico e análise crítica, bem como a utilização de métodos quantitativos para obtenção de dados gerais por meio do programa Not Just Analytics. Tendo como parâmetro as métricas de engajamento do Instagram do projeto Construção +, foram selecionados 4 posts que viabilizaram a análise das interações públicas. Como resultado das análises realizadas, verificou-se que a taxa de engajamento do perfil foi de 4,27 %; a média de curtidas por publicação atingiu 30 e a média de comentários 6; a frequência dos posts foi de 4,17 dias. Por fim, são apresentadas as hashtags mais utilizadas nas publicações. Portanto, constata-se que o projeto utiliza, claramente, o marketing de conteúdo como uma ferramenta para criar relacionamentos duradouros e levar conhecimento científico, mais especificamente, relacionado à construção civil, proporcionando aos seus usuários uma linguagem clara e de fácil compreensão.
Morte e morrer: Caminhos utilizados por docentes de enfermagem na formação acadêmica
Authors: Reis Maria Luiza Azevedo dos , Souza Neto Olavo Mauricio de , Silva Josefa Eucliza Casado Freires da , Silva Walkerlane Adelaide Damasceno , Martins Maria Aparecida , Agra Glenda
Published: August 2021

Introdução: A morte não é somente um fato biológico do desenvolvimento humano, mas um processo construído socialmente, que não se distingue das outras dimensões do universo das relações sociais Objetivo: Investigar os caminhos utilizados pelos docentes de enfermagem acerca da temática morte e morrer na formação acadêmica. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa realizado com docentes de um curso de Bacharelado em Enfermagem de uma universidade pública da Paraíba. Os dados foram analisados com estatística descritiva, analisados à luz da literatura pertinente. Resultados: De forma geral, pode-se observar que a maioria dos docentes de enfermagem abordam a temática morte e morrer na formação acadêmica, de forma transversal, uma vez que a grade curricular contempla disciplinas que abrangem os processos de nascer, viver, morrer e luto com vistas à qualidade de vida e dignidade humana. Conclusão: Se faz necessário conversar sobre a morte, trazê-la para dentro da academia, abrindo espaços de educação para morte, seja no ensino, na pesquisa ou na extensão. O importante é trazer à tona reflexões, discussões e ações que aproximem os acadêmicos do fenômeno morte do mesmo modo que experienciam o fenômeno do nascimento, desenvolvimento e envelhecimento do ser humano.
Identifying Future Vehicle Safety Priority Areas in Australia for the Light Vehicle Fleet
Authors: Budd Laurie , Newstead Stuart
Published: August 2021

Formulating priorities for future road safety strategies requires supporting analysis to predict what the future crash population will look like and to assess how the countermeasures either already in place or planned will address the crash problems forecast. This analysis aimed to identify future priority action areas for light vehicle safety by identifying crash types that will not be fully addressed in the future by projected improvements in active and passive safety in the Australian light vehicle fleet. The future crash profile was modelled from 2017 to 2030 using crash data from 5 Australian jurisdictions overlayed with available evidence on vehicle safety feature fitment and effectiveness. The methodology can be applied to larger sets of safety technologies when sufficient evidence and supporting crash data become available. Three future vehicle safety priority areas were identified from the analysis: (i) fatal pedestrian crashes, (ii) single vehicle frontal crashes with objects, and (iii) front-to-front vehicle crashes both at intersections and midblocks, and front-to-side impacts at intersections including straight crossing path and right turn across path crash types. These crash types were projected to be the largest contributors to fatalities by 2030. Projections showed that remaining crash types in 2030 will be poorly addressed by current vehicle safety technologies such as autonomous emergency braking, lane departure warning and electronic stability control. Future vehicle safety policy priorities should address these crash types through the development of additional or enhanced vehicle safety technologies and where vehicle safety technology proves inadequate other countermeasures such as road infrastructure treatments and appropriate speed limit setting for high risk environments that address the key crash types remaining in the system.
Effect of environmental history on the physiology and acute stress response of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica
Authors: Ashey J , Rivest EB
Published: August 2021

Environmental history (regimes of water quality to which an organism has been exposed in the past) may influence how the physiology of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica responds to future environmental conditions caused by climate change. Previous research has examined environmental history in a 1-dimensional framework, failing to capture environmental history complexity through space and time. In this study, we examined environmental history as a multi-faceted parameter, incorporating abiotic water quality components, such as temperature, pH, and salinity, that differ among locations. We also assessed how different lengths of environmental histories, defined as proximal and distal, affected oyster physiology and stress response. Finally, we compared the relative influence of abiotic components of environmental history on oyster physiology. We found that physiology and stress response are differentially affected by proximal and distal environmental history, demonstrating the importance of examining environmental history as a multi-faceted and dynamic parameter. Specifically, distal environmental history primarily influenced condition index and total antioxidant potential, while proximal environmental history primarily influenced glycogen content. Salinity of distal environmental history significantly shaped condition index, establishing salinity as a principal factor when considering acclimatization to variable environments. No water quality components were significant influences on glycogen and total antioxidant potential, providing opportunities for research on other components of environmental history. Identifying the temporal portion of oysters’ environmental history that influences physiology supports future efforts to predict population tolerance to climate change. Additionally, examining multiple abiotic and biotic components of environmental history can elucidate means of acclimatization to future environmental change.
Importance of resilient pastures for New Zealand’s agricultural soil carbon stocks
Authors: Wall Aaron , Goodrich Jordan , Schipper Louis
Published: August 2021

New Zealand’s agricultural pastures contain significant soil carbon (C) stocks that are susceptible to change when impacted by management and natural processes (e.g., climate). Inputs of C to these pastoral soils is through photosynthetic uptake of atmospheric CO2 either on-site or elsewhere. Changes in soil C stocks are in response to the management of the system that alters the input-output balance. Increasing the resilience of pastures to climatic events such as hot and dry summers or cool and wet winters can increase inputs of C to the soil while sustaining above-ground production and so provide an opportunity for C sequestration. Furthermore, increased pasture for grazing can reduce the need for management practices identified as detrimental for soil C stocks such as irrigation or the production of cropped supplemental feed. A reduction in the need for renewal and its associated soil C losses, and the establishment of a more diverse sward, especially if deeper-rooting species are included, has the potential for increasing soil C stocks provided the diversity can be maintained. From a soil C perspective, a resilient pasture maximises CO2 uptake to ensure adequate above- and below-ground inputs to maintain or increase soil C stocks and minimise the need for management activities detrimental to soil C.
Fransız Devrimi ve Dostluk Üzerine Düşünceler
Authors: KUMLU Seray
Published: August 2021

Fransız Devrimi’nin siyasal düşüncesini incelediğimizde Devrim sürecinin aynı zamanda modern devlete özgü kavramların içeriği, kapsamı, soyut ve somut karşılıkları açısından bir tartışma ve inşa süreci olduğu görülür. Ulus, halk, yurttaşlık kavramlarını, Devrim’in sloganı olan ‘eşitlik, özgürlük, kardeşlik’ başlığı altındaki düşünceleri incelemek bize Ancien Régime sonrası kurulan siyasal yapının nasıl bir birliktelik biçimi olduğuyla ilgili fikir verir. Bu çalışma, Devrim rüzgârının tesiri altındaki Fransız toplumunun siyasal yolcuğunu anlamaya çalışırken modern siyasal düşüncenin temel kavramlarının yanına ‘dostluk’ kavramını da eklemektedir. Aristoteles insanın mutlu olmak için erdemli dostlara gereksinim duyduğunu ve dostluğun devletleri ayakta tuttuğunu söylerken hem kavramın ilk sistematik incelemesini sunuyor hem de kavramın önemine vurgu yapıyordu. İnsanların birbirleriyle dost olması gerektiğine dair düşünceler değişmese de terörün erdemin canlı şekli olduğunu söyleyen Jakoben lider Robespierre’in dünyasında devletin, erdemin anlamı ve insanların mutluluğuyla ilgili yapılacaklar değişmişti. Dostluk kavramı Fransız Devrimi’nin ortaya çıkış koşullarını anlamak açısından olduğu kadar Devrim’in ortaya çıkardığı siyasal imkânları ve sonra bu imkânların ortadan kaldırılmasıyla nasıl bir siyasal birliktelik biçiminin galebe çaldığını anlamak açısından da yol göstericidir
Students’ Difficulties in Answering “Structure and Written Expression” TOEFL-like at STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo
Authors: Slamet Joko , Sulistyaningsih Sulistyaningsih
Published: August 2021

Abstract. This study was conducted to investigate the types of questions which were difficult in TOEFL-like and to find the students’ difficulties in answering the ‘Structure and Written Expression’ of TOEFL-like. The subjects of this study were the batch 5 students of Master of English Education (S2 MPBI) at STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo who had TOEFL-like test as the placement test in taking master’s degree. This research applied descriptive qualitative method. The instruments were students’ results of the TOEFL-like Test and interview. The data were taken from Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL written by Deborah Phillips (2003). The results show that there are 18 items (45%) categorized ‘difficult’. Meanwhile, there are 22 items (55%) categorized into ‘very difficult’. There are several reasons of students’ difficulties in answering the ‘Structure and Written Expression’ on the TOEFL-like done as the placement test. First, there was no preparation in advance. Second, students lack of vocabulary. Third, the test was considered difficult because the students took the TOEFL-like for the first time. Lastly, there was a limited time provided.Keywords: students’ difficulty, Structure and Written Expression, TOEFL-likeAbstrak. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis soal yang sulit dalam TOEFL-like dan untuk mengetahui kesulitan mahasiswa dalam menjawab 'Structure and Written Expression' dari TOEFL-like. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Batch 5 program Magister Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris (S2 MPBI) STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo yang mengikuti tes TOEFL-like sebagai tes penempatan dalam mengambil gelar magister. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Tes TOEFL-like dan wawancara. Pengumpulan data diambil dari Longman Complete Course untuk TOEFL yang ditulis oleh Deborah Phillips. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 18 soal (45%) yang dikategorikan 'sulit'. Sementara itu, terdapat 22 soal (55%) yang dikategorikan 'sangat sulit'. Ada beberapa alasan kesulitan mahasiswa dalam menjawab 'Structure and Written Expression' pada TOEFL-like seperti yang dilakukan saat tes penempatan. Pertama, tidak ada persiapan sebelumnya. Kedua, kurangnya penguasaan kosakata. Ketiga, tes dianggap sulit karena mahasiswa baru pertama kali mengikuti TOEFL-like. Terakhir, waktu yang disediakan terbatas.Kata kunci: kesulitan mahasiswa, Structure and Written Expression, TOEFL-like
Upaya Pencegahan Pasien Resiko Jatuh dalam Pelaksanaan Asuhan Keperawatan di Rumah Sakit
Authors: Astuti Nining Puji , Santos Olga S C Dos , Indah Ekla Saputri , Pirena Erlin
Published: August 2021

Latar Belakang: Insiden jatuh merupakan salah satu kejadian yang tidak diharapkan terjadi namun memliki prevalensi yang cukup tinggi. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui tindakan pencegahan jatuh yang dilakukan oleh perawat bagi pasien Rawat Inap. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode literature review, peneliti mencari, menggabungkan, dan menganalisis artikel-artikel ilmiah secara valid dengan fokus kajian review paper. Hasil: Dalam penanganannya ternyata masih banyak perawat yang belum melakukan tindakan pencegahan sesuai dengan SOP Rumah Sakit. Pengetahuan, tingkat pendidikan, masa kerja, ketersediaan fasilitas, SDM, dan rasa tanggungjawab menjadi faktor-faktor utama perawat tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan jatuh pada pasien rawat inap. Dalam menangani hal ini, penilaian skor risiko jatuh dapat dimasukkan dalam asuhan keperawatan sehingga dapat diketahui risiko jatuh pada pasien dan perawat dapat memberikan tindakan pencegahan sesuai dengan masalah yang telah diidentifikasi pada asuhan keperawatan. Kesimpulan: Kesadaran akan rasa tanggungjawab juga harus ditingkatkan pada perawat karena keselamatan pasien merupakan hal yang utama.
Translation of Cellular Protein Localization Using Convolutional Networks
Authors: Shigene Kei , Hiasa Yuta , Otake Yoshito , Soufi Mazen , Janewanthanakul Suphamon , Nishimura Tamako , Sato Yoshinobu , Suetsugu Shiro
Published: August 2021

Protein localization in cells has been analyzed by fluorescent labeling using indirect immunofluorescence and fluorescent protein tagging. However, the relationships between the localization of different proteins had not been analyzed using artificial intelligence. Here, we applied convolutional networks for the prediction of localization of the cytoskeletal proteins from the localization of the other proteins. Lamellipodia are one of the actin-dependent subcellular structures involved in cell migration and are mainly generated by the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)-family verprolin homologous protein 2 (WAVE2) and the membrane remodeling I-BAR domain protein IRSp53. Focal adhesion is another actin-based structure that contains vinculin protein and promotes lamellipodia formation and cell migration. In contrast, microtubules are not directly related to actin filaments. The convolutional network was trained using images of actin filaments paired with WAVE2, IRSp53, vinculin, and microtubules. The generated images of WAVE2, IRSp53, and vinculin were highly similar to their real images. In contrast, the microtubule images generated from actin filament images were inferior without the generation of filamentous structures, suggesting that microscopic images of actin filaments provide more information about actin-related protein localization. Collectively, this study suggests that image translation by the convolutional network can predict the localization of functionally related proteins, and the convolutional network might be used to describe the relationships between the proteins by their localization.
Journey to the Center of the Cell: Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Actin in Immune Cell Functions
Authors: Record Julien , Saeed Mezida B. , Venit Tomas , Percipalle Piergiorgio , Westerberg Lisa S.
Published: August 2021

Actin cytoskeletal dynamics drive cellular shape changes, linking numerous cell functions to physiological and pathological cues. Mutations in actin regulators that are differentially expressed or enriched in immune cells cause severe human diseases known as primary immunodeficiencies underscoring the importance of efficienct actin remodeling in immune cell homeostasis. Here we discuss recent findings on how immune cells sense the mechanical properties of their environement. Moreover, while the organization and biochemical regulation of cytoplasmic actin have been extensively studied, nuclear actin reorganization is a rapidly emerging field that has only begun to be explored in immune cells. Based on the critical and multifaceted contributions of cytoplasmic actin in immune cell functionality, nuclear actin regulation is anticipated to have a large impact on our understanding of immune cell development and functionality.
When Viruses Cross Developmental Pathways
Authors: Trivedi Pankaj , Patel Sandesh Kumar , Bellavia Diana , Messina Elena , Palermo Rocco , Ceccarelli Simona , Marchese Cinzia , Anastasiadou Eleni , Minter Lisa M. , Felli Maria Pia
Published: August 2021

Aberrant regulation of developmental pathways plays a key role in tumorigenesis. Tumor cells differ from normal cells in their sustained proliferation, replicative immortality, resistance to cell death and growth inhibition, angiogenesis, and metastatic behavior. Often they acquire these features as a consequence of dysregulated Hedgehog, Notch, or WNT signaling pathways. Human tumor viruses affect the cancer cell hallmarks by encoding oncogenic proteins, and/or by modifying the microenvironment, as well as by conveying genomic instability to accelerate cancer development. In addition, viral immune evasion mechanisms may compromise developmental pathways to accelerate tumor growth. Viruses achieve this by influencing both coding and non-coding gene regulatory pathways. Elucidating how oncogenic viruses intersect with and modulate developmental pathways is crucial to understanding viral tumorigenesis. Many currently available antiviral therapies target viral lytic cycle replication but with low efficacy and severe side effects. A greater understanding of the cross-signaling between oncogenic viruses and developmental pathways will improve the efficacy of next-generation inhibitors and pave the way to more targeted antiviral therapies.
Highly N2-Selective Activated Carbon-Supported Pt-In Catalysts for the Reduction of Nitrites in Water
Authors: Soares Olívia Salomé G. P. , Jardim Erika O. , Ramos-Fernandez Enrique V. , Villora-Picó Juan J. , Pastor-Blas M. Mercedes , Silvestre-Albero Joaquín , Órfão José J. M. , Pereira Manuel Fernando R. , Sepúlveda-Escribano Antonio
Published: August 2021

The catalytic reduction of nitrites over Pt-In catalysts supported on activated carbon has been studied in a semi-batch reactor, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and using hydrogen as the reducing agent. The influence of the indium content on the activity and selectivity was evaluated. Monometallic Pt catalysts are very active for nitrite reduction, but the addition of up to 1 wt% of indium significantly increases the nitrogen selectivity from 0 to 96%. The decrease in the accessible noble metal surface area reduces the amount of hydrogen available at the catalyst surface, this favoring the combination of nitrogen-containing intermediate molecules to promote the formation of N2 instead of being deeply hydrogenated into NH4+. Several activated carbon-supported Pt-In catalysts, activated under different calcination and reduction temperatures, have been also evaluated in nitrite reduction. The catalyst calcined and reduced at 400°C showed the best performance considering both the activity and the selectivity to nitrogen. This enhanced selectivity is ascribed to the formation of Pt-In alloy. The electronic properties of Pt change upon alloy formation, as it is demonstrated by XPS.
Impossible (Food) Experiences in Extended Reality
Authors: Velasco Carlos , Barbosa Escobar Francisco , Petit Olivia , Wang Qian Janice
Published: August 2021

We introduce a model to think about impossible experiences in mixed and virtual reality, while emphasizing the role of said experiences in the context of food. This reality-impossibility model includes two continua, namely, the reality-fantasy character of objects and environments, and the extent to which they follow the laws of physics-other laws. We present a series of examples in each of the quadrants of the model and discuss both the research possibilities and implications of impossible experiences.
Impact of Cone vs. Hetzer Repair on Postoperative Outcomes in Patients With Ebstein's Anomaly: 10-Year Experience From a Single Institution
Authors: Lou Qi , Zou Yiping , Wu Jinlin , Chen Jimei , Zhuang Jian , Wen Shusheng
Published: August 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the early outcomes of the cone and Hetzer procedures for Ebstein's malformation.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent either cone (n = 83) or Hetzer repair (n = 45) with Ebstein's malformation from January 2011 to December 2020.

Results: One early death occurred in the cone group due to low cardiac output syndrome. Five cone and three Hetzer repair patients required reoperation before discharge. At discharge, the cone group had a better reduction in tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) than the Hetzer group (74.7 vs. 51.1%, p = 0.009). Two patients in the cone group and seven patients in the Hetzer group required reoperation >30 days after their initial surgery. The cone group with no/mild TR was 75.6%, and the Hetzer group was 48.9% at the time of last follow-up (p = 0.010).

Conclusion: Short-term outcomes of the cone repair are better than the Hetzer procedure. The cone repair should be the better option among patients with Ebstein's malformation who need surgical intervention.
A Multi-Study Model-Based Evaluation of the Sequence of Imaging and Clinical Biomarker Changes in Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Wijeratne Peter A. , Johnson Eileanoir B. , Gregory Sarah , Georgiou-Karistianis Nellie , Paulsen Jane S. , Scahill Rachael I. , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Alexander Daniel C.
Published: August 2021

Understanding the order and progression of change in biomarkers of neurodegeneration is essential to detect the effects of pharmacological interventions on these biomarkers. In Huntington’s disease (HD), motor, cognitive and MRI biomarkers are currently used in clinical trials of drug efficacy. Here for the first time we use directly compare data from three large observational studies of HD (total N = 532) using a probabilistic event-based model (EBM) to characterise the order in which motor, cognitive and MRI biomarkers become abnormal. We also investigate the impact of the genetic cause of HD, cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat length, on progression through these stages. We find that EBM uncovers a broadly consistent order of events across all three studies; that EBM stage reflects clinical stage; and that EBM stage is related to age and genetic burden. Our findings indicate that measures of subcortical and white matter volume become abnormal prior to clinical and cognitive biomarkers. Importantly, CAG repeat length has a large impact on the timing of onset of each stage and progression through the stages, with a longer repeat length resulting in earlier onset and faster progression. Our results can be used to help design clinical trials of treatments for Huntington’s disease, influencing the choice of biomarkers and the recruitment of participants.
Editorial: Innovative Analysis Ecosystems for HEP Data
Authors: Sekmen Sezen , Innocenti Gian Michele , Jayatilaka Bo
Published: August 2021

This editorial summarizes the contributions to the Frontiers Research topic “Innovative Analysis Ecosystems for HEP Data”, established under the Big Data and AI in High Energy Physics section and appearing under the Frontiers in Big Data and Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence journals.
Toward a Common Performance and Effectiveness Terminology for Digital Proximity Tracing Applications
Authors: Lueks Wouter , Benzler Justus , Bogdanov Dan , Kirchner Göran , Lucas Raquel , Oliveira Rui , Preneel Bart , Salathé Marcel , Troncoso Carmela , von Wyl Viktor
Published: August 2021

Digital proximity tracing (DPT) for Sars-CoV-2 pandemic mitigation is a complex intervention with the primary goal to notify app users about possible risk exposures to infected persons. DPT not only relies on the technical functioning of the proximity tracing application and its backend server, but also on seamless integration of health system processes such as laboratory testing, communication of results (and their validation), generation of notification codes, manual contact tracing, and management of app-notified users. Policymakers and DPT operators need to know whether their system works as expected in terms of speed or yield (performance) and whether DPT is making an effective contribution to pandemic mitigation (also in comparison to and beyond established mitigation measures, particularly manual contact tracing). Thereby, performance and effectiveness are not to be confused. Not only are there conceptual differences but also diverse data requirements. For example, comparative effectiveness measures may require information generated outside the DPT system, e.g., from manual contact tracing. This article describes differences between performance and effectiveness measures and attempts to develop a terminology and classification system for DPT evaluation. We discuss key aspects for critical assessments of whether the integration of additional data measurements into DPT apps may facilitate understanding of performance and effectiveness of planned and deployed DPT apps. Therefore, the terminology and a classification system may offer some guidance to DPT system operators regarding which measurements to prioritize. DPT developers and operators may also make conscious decisions to integrate measures for epidemic monitoring but should be aware that this introduces a secondary purpose to DPT. Ultimately, the integration of further information (e.g., regarding exact exposure time) into DPT involves a trade-off between data granularity and linkage on the one hand, and privacy on the other. More data may lead to better epidemiological information but may also increase the privacy risks associated with the system, and thus decrease public DPT acceptance. Decision-makers should be aware of the trade-off and take it into account when planning and developing DPT systems or intending to assess the added value of DPT relative to the existing contact tracing systems.