bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-Cost RFID Authentication Protocol Based on Elliptic Curve Algorithm
Authors: Baashirah Rania , Abuzneid Abdelshakour , Mellouki Salah Addine , Siraj Zeba , Zhan Cheng
Published: March 2021

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is the fastest growing technology in the world today. Thus, wireless communication between tags and readers became an integral part of retail products, library books, personal identifications, and healthcare. The RFID system can provide security features to the data transferred along the network to maintain data privacy, integrity, and confidentiality. Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is widely used in RFID authentication protocols to improve communication security. Zhao proposed an RFID authentication protocol using ECC where a unique access list for tags is generated with the reader identifier to elevate the security level. Although Zhao's protocol can withstand most of the RFID security attacks, it has a very high computation cost. The authors improve Zhao protocol and propose a new RFID authentication protocol by reducing the computation cost almost to the half of that in Zhao. The proposed protocol shows a significant improvement in the computation cost.
Authenticated and Trusted AODV (ATAODV) Routing Protocol to Detect Blackhole Attack in MANET-Based Military Environments
Authors: Kannimuthu Prathapchandran
Published: March 2021

In this paper, an authenticated and trusted AODV (ATAODV) routing protocol is proposed to identify and eliminate the black attack and form the trusted route in MANET-based military environments. The aim is to provide two-level security by mapping the multi-agent system (MAS). The first level focuses on providing authentication by identifying blackhole soldiers/devices, and the second level focuses on forming a trusted path between the origin and the endpoint communication. The authentication is achieved by aggregated trust (AT), which is calculated based on the reputation, closeness, and energy by aggregated trust design agent (ATDA). Then, forming a trusted route between the source and the destination is achieved by combining route aggregated trust (RAT), which is calculated based on AT and hop count (HC). The trusted route is formed by a routing agent (RA). The simulation results demonstrate that the ATAODV routing protocol is performing well and shows improved results compared with the existing routing protocols.
An Integer Linear Programming-Based Method for the Extraction of Ontology Alignment
Authors: El Ghandour Naima , Benaissa Moussa , Lebbah Yahia
Published: March 2021

The Semantic Web uses ontologies to cope with the data heterogeneity problem. However, ontologies become themselves heterogeneous; this heterogeneity may occur at the syntactic, terminological, conceptual, and semantic levels. To solve this problem, alignments between entities of ontologies must be identified. This process is called ontology matching. In this paper, the authors propose a new method to extract alignment with multiple cardinalities using integer linear programming techniques. The authors conducted a series of experiments and compared them with currently used methods. The obtained results show the efficiency of the proposed method.
Sorting Out Fuzzy Transportation Problems via ECCT and Standard Deviation
Authors: Sikkannan Krishna Prabha , Shanmugavel Vimala
Published: March 2021

A well-organized arithmetical procedure entitled standard deviation is employed to find the optimum solution in this paper. This technique has been divided into two parts. The first methodology deals with constructing the entire contingency cost table, and the second deals with optimum allocation. In this work, the method of magnitude is used for converting fuzzy numbers into crisp numbers as this method is better than the existing methods. This technique gives a better optimal solution than other methods. A numerical example for the new method is explained, and the authors compared their method with existing methods such as north west corner method, least cost method, and Vogel's approximation method.
Analysis of Asymmetric Quantity Commitment in Decentralized Supply Chains
Authors: Qin Zhaoqiong , Chiang Wen-Chyuan , Russell Robert
Published: March 2021

Quantity commitment chosen by firms in competition has been demonstrated by previous studies to mitigate price competition. This study demonstrates that asymmetric quantity commitment can always arise when one firm (e-tailer) shortens lead times or adopts just-in-time systems to circumvent quantity commitment while another firm (retailer) does not. To study the asymmetric quantity commitment in decentralization, a multi-stage game is analyzed, and backward induction is adopted. The authors find that the retailer always adopts the quantity commitment in the decentralization to achieve a higher profit.
The South African Perspective of the Impact of Language on the Delivery of Healthcare Services
Authors: Iyamu Tiko , Makovhololo Phathutshedzo
Published: March 2021

Despite its essentiality, spoken languages continue to pose severe challenges within the South African health facilities, which can be attributed to the country's adaptation of 11 official languages. Some of the challenges can be attributed to the fact that the limits to an individual's language are commensurate to the limits to an individual's real-life world and meaning, which are often influenced by semantics. The objectives of this study was to establish the factors that influence spoken languages, and how the semantics in the languages can be translated from local dialects to English by using mobile systems. The interpretivist approach was applied in the study. Data was collected through semi-structured interview technique. The actor-network theory was used as a lens to guide the analysis of the data. From the analysis, the following factors—heterogeneity of networks, bilingualism, healthcare facility, and information engine—were found to influence language semantics in South African healthcare. Based on the findings, a framework was developed that can be used to understand how language semantics influence healthcare services in the country. Thus, the study can be of interest to healthcare practitioners, language specialists for translation purposes, and IT experts for support and enablement.
A Fall Risk Evaluation and Feedback System for Older Adults
Authors: Jahnke Isa , Phillips Lorraine J. , Demir Fatih , Abbott Carmen , Skubic Marjorie
Published: March 2021

Falls are widespread among older adults causing serious injuries and threatening their quality of life. An approach to estimate fall risk, and to prevent falls, is the Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) test. The TUG test has established validity and reliability. However, as a clinical test, it is not accessible for personal use. To enhance its reach, the authors developed a prototype called Fall Risk Evaluation and Feedback System (FREFS). The prototype is a Kinect-based depth sensor system with interfaces that support older adults in completing the TUG test and receiving personalized test results. The personalized feedback feature is novel that existing prototypes do not include. This study's goal was to gain knowledge of the user experience of FREFS. This research applied methods of observation, interviews, and collected responses on the System Usability Scale (SUS). Results show participants perceived the system as usable, with SUS score of 84.3, but also revealed issues. First, users were unsure how to deal with the TUG tests results when the results showed high fall risk. Second, clearer instructions and reduction of information overload specifically for these age groups were needed. Third, a communication approach embedded into the system would be required (i.e., a link to a chatbot feature or a button to connect to a real person). Overall, the study demonstrated that such a prototype cannot be fully automated; it needs a sociotechnical system solution that includes human communication.
Real-Time Arabic Text-Reading for Visually Impaired People
Authors: Taha Mohamed , Abd-ElKareem Noha , Selim Mazen
Published: March 2021

Visually impaired (VI) people suffer from many difficulties when accessing printed material using existing technologies. These problems may include text alignment, focus, accuracy, software processing speed, mobility, and efficiency. Current technologies such as flatbed scanners and OCR programs need to scan an entire page. Recently, VI people prefer mobile devices because of their handiness and accessibility, but they have problems with focusing the mobile camera on the printed material. In this paper, a real-time Arabic text-reading prototype for VI people is proposed. It is based on using a wearable device for a hand finger. It is designed as a wearable ring attached to a tiny webcam device. The attached camera captures the printed Arabic text and passes it to the Arabic OCR system. Finally, the recognized characters are translated into speech using the text-to-speech (TTS) technology. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed prototype. It achieved an accuracy of 95.86% for Arabic character recognition and 98.5% for English character recognition.
Wetlands
Authors:   Natural Resources Canada
Published: March 2021

Contained within the Atlas of Canada Poster Map Series, is a poster which outlines the nature of wetlands, using photos and text to describe various types. A further set of photos and text describes the importance of wetlands, and the pressures on wetlands from
human activities. The central map on the poster, a map of Canada at a scale of approximately 1: 20 000 000 shows the distribution of wetlands in Canada, and also the flyways of migratory birds (as these birds depend heavily on wetlands when migrating).
Capital City Locations and Names of Canada
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the coastline, boundaries and major lakes and rivers for Canada and nearby countries. Also included are the locations and names of Canada's capital cities.
Nova Scotia
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the boundary, coastline and major lakes and rivers of Nova Scotia.
Yukon
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the boundary, coastlines and major lakes and rivers of the Yukon.
New Brunswick with Names
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the boundary, coastline, and major lakes and rivers of New Brunswick with the names for major political and geographical features.
Place Locations of Canada
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the coastline, boundaries and major lakes and rivers for Canada and nearby countries. Also shown for Canada, are the locations of capital cities and selected populated places.
Quebec with Names
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the boundary, coastline, and major lakes and rivers of Quebec with the names for major political and geographical features.
Nova Scotia with Names
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the boundary, coastline, and major lakes and rivers of Nova Scotia with the names for major political and geographical features.
North Circumpolar Region
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map of the northern circumpolar region using the Azimuthal Equidistant Projection centred at 90° North and 95° West, extending South to 50° North.
British Columbia with Names
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the boundary, coastline, and major lakes and rivers of British Columbia with the names for major political and geographical features.
Prince Edward Island with Names
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the boundary, coastline, and major lakes and rivers of Prince Edward Island with the names for major political and geographical features.
Northwest Territories with Names
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the boundary, coastline, and major lakes and rivers of the Northwest Territories with the names for major political and geographical features.
Newfoundland and Labrador with Names
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the boundary, coastline, and major lakes and rivers of Newfoundland and Labrador with the names for major political and geographical features.
Alberta with Names
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the boundary and the major lakes and rivers of Alberta with names for major political and geographical features.
The Territories
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the coastline, boundaries and major lakes and rivers for the Territories.
North America with Names
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing North America in the Lambert Zenithal Equal-Area Projection centred at 45° North and 95° West with names for countries and other major features.
Adjacent Regions and Names of Canada
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the coastline and boundaries for Canada and nearby countries, and also names for major political features.
New Brunswick
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the boundary, coastline and major lakes and rivers of New Brunswick.
Yukon Relief
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A relief map of Yukon showing elevation by hypsometric tints (a gradation of different colours), and spot elevations. Major lakes are also shown. Elevation ranges are included in the map legend. The elevation data were derived from the map Canada-Relief, Fifth
Edition, National Atlas of Canada published in 1986.
Nova Scotia Relief
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A relief map of Nova Scotia showing elevation by hypsometric tints (a gradation of different colours), and spot elevations. Major lakes are also shown. Elevation ranges are included in the map legend. The elevation data were derived from the map Canada-Relief,
Fifth Edition, National Atlas of Canada published in 1986.
New Brunswick Relief
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A relief map of New Brunswick showing elevation by hypsometric tints (a gradation of different colours), and spot elevations. Major lakes are also shown. Elevation ranges are included in the map legend. The elevation data were derived from the map Canada-Relief,
Fifth Edition, National Atlas of Canada published in 1986.
Northwest Territories Relief
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A relief map of Northwest Territories showing elevation by hypsometric tints (a gradation of different colours), and spot elevations. Major lakes are also shown. Elevation ranges are included in the map legend. The elevation data were derived from the map
Canada-Relief, Fifth Edition, National Atlas of Canada published in 1986.
The World Continents
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

This political map of the World shows national boundaries, continents and oceans.
Alberta
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A political map of Alberta showing boundaries, the provincial capital, selected populated places with names, selected drainage with names and selected roads.
Nova Scotia
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A political map of Nova Scotia showing boundaries, the provincial capital, selected populated places with names, selected drainage with names and selected roads.
Nunavut
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A political map of Nunavut showing boundaries, the territorial capital, selected populated places with names, selected drainage with names and selected roads.
Africa
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

The political map of Africa shows national boundaries and country names.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

This world map shows the member economies of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).
Asia
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

This political map of Asia shows national boundaries, country names and oceans.
Canada Political Divisions
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A map of Canada showing boundaries, capitals, selected place names, selected drainage and names, the Arctic Circle and adjacent foreign areas.
Mexico and Central America
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

This political map of Mexico and Central America shows national and state boundaries, country names and oceans.
The World Countries
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

This political map of the World shows national boundaries, country names, and major ocean features.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

This world map shows the member, partner, and Mediterranean Dialogue countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Canada General Reference
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

This reference map of Canada shows the provinces and territories, populated places and major road networks. Also included are insets of North America and The World.
Population Density, 2001
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

Canada, with 3.33 people per square kilometre, has one of the lowest population densities in the world. In 2001, most of Canada's population of 30,007,094 lived within 200 kilometres of the United States (along Canada's south). In fact, the inhabitants of our
three biggest cities -- Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver -- can drive to the border in less than two hours. Thousands of kilometres to the north, our polar region -- the Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut -- is relatively empty, embracing 41% of our land mass but only 0.3% of
our population. An inset map shows in greater detail the Windsor-Québec Corridor where a high concentration of Canadians live.
Relief
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

Canada's relief is shown by a colour ramp to show elevation ranges. The highest values appear in Western Canada where the Rocky Mountains are located and also in Canada's North (on parts of Ellesmere and Baffin Islands). The lowest elevation values exist along
all the coastlines and the areas of least topography exists in the prairies of Central Canada. The map also depicts four photographic images of Canadian terrain as well as tabular data on the highest elevations in Canada by Province and Territory.
Territorial Evolution
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

This map contains four inset maps of Canada showing its territorial and provincial boundaries as they existed in 1867, 1905, 1949 and 1999.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Maritimes
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Maritimes. Tactile map scale. 3.3 centimetres = 100 kilometres North arrow pointing to the top of the page. Borders of the provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, shown as dashed and solid lines. The Atlantic Ocean,
shown with a wavy symbol to indicate water. Circles and the city name to show the location of Saint John and Yarmouth. A filled star and the city name Charlottetown to show its location. A filled star and the city name Fredericton to show its location. A filled star and the city name Halifax to show
its location. Text labels for Cape Breton Island and the Atlantic Ocean. The abbreviation "QC" to indicate the province of Quebec. The abbreviation "NF" to indicate the province of Newfoundland. The abbreviation "NB" to indicate the province of New Brunswick. The abbreviation "PE" to indicate the
province of Prince Edward Island. The abbreviation "NS" to indicate the province of Nova Scotia. The abbreviation "USA" to indicate the neighbouring country, the United States of America. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision
users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile
Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other
features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, North West Territories
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Northwest Territories. Tactile map scale. 1.5 centimetres = 150 kilometres North arrow pointing to the top of the page. Borders of the Northwest Territories, shown as solid lines. The Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake, shown with a wavy symbol to
indicate water. A filled star and the city name Yellowknife to show the location of Yellowknife. Text labels for Banks Island, Victoria Island, Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake and the Mackenzie River. The word lake is abbreviated as L, the work River is abbreviated as R and the word Island is
abbreviated as I. The abbreviation "YT" to indicate the Yukon Territory. The abbreviation "BC" to indicate the province of British Columbia. The abbreviation "AB" to indicate the province of Alberta. The abbreviation "SK" to indicate the province of Saskatchewan. The abbreviation "NU" to indicate
the Territory of Nunavut. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of
Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help
visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new
destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Nunavut
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Nunavut. Tactile map scale. 2.8 centimetres = 500 kilometres North arrow pointing to the top of the page. Borders of Nunavut, shown as solid lines. Hudson Bay is shown with a wavy symbol to indicate water. A filled star and the city name to show
the location of Iqaluit. Text labels for Hudson Bay, Ellesmere Island, Baffin Island and Greenland. The word Island is abbreviated as I. The abbreviation "NT" to indicate the Northwest Territories. The abbreviation "BC" to indicate the province of British Columbia. The abbreviation "AB" to indicate
the province of Alberta. The abbreviation "SK" to indicate the province of Saskatchewan. The abbreviation "MB" to indicate the province of Manitoba. The abbreviation "ON" to indicate the province of Ontario. The abbreviation "QC" to indicate the province of Quebec. The abbreviation "NP" at the top
of the map to indicate the North Pole. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the
Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for
Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning
travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Canada
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Canada. Tactile map scale. 2.8 centimetres = 500 kilometres North arrow pointing to the top of the page. Provincial and Political borders, shown as dashed and solid lines. The Oceans and Lakes, shown with a wavy symbol to indicate water. Labels
for Yukon Territory abbreviated to YT. Northwest Territories abbreviated NT. Nunavut abbreviated to NU. British Columbia abbreviated to BC. Saskatchewan abbreviated to SK. Alberta abbreviated to AB. Manitoba abbreviated to MB. Ontario abbreviated to ON. Quebec abbreviated to QC. Newfoundland and
Labrador abbreviated to NF. Prince Edward Island abbreviated to PE. Nova Scotia abbreviated to NS. New Brunswick abbreviated to NB. Greenland United States of America abbreviated to USA. Alaska abbreviated to AK. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually
impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and
the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets,
buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Calgary
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Calgary. Tactile map scale. 2 centimetres = 3 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. Calgary and surrounding area. Main roads, Route 1 (Trans-Canada), Routes 1A, 2 and 22X The Bow River, shown with a wavy symbol to indicate water, runs
north - south through the city. A circle with a dot in the middle to indicate a bus station near the centre of the city and another circle with the shape of an airplane in it to indicate an airport to the northeast of the city. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features
for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major
cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about
streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown
area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Jasper
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Jasper. Tactile map scale. 1.7 centimetres = 2 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. Jasper and surrounding area. Railroad. Yellowhead Highway route 16, route 93. Train station, bus terminal. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large
text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political
boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major
cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in
the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Victoria
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Victoria. Tactile map scale. 2 centimetres = 3 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. Victoria and surrounding area. Juan de Fuca Strait to the south and the Strait of Georgia to the east, are shown with a wavy symbol to indicate water.
Main roads, routes 1, 14, 17. A circle with a dot in the middle to indicate a bus station is located in the south of the city. A circle with a cross indicates a Via Rail station located south of the city. A circle with the shape of an airplane indicates an airport located north of the city. A
railway line symbol is shown from the rail station and goes west then north. A dashed line indicates a ferry route. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for
Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types,
physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for
Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Vancouver-Granville
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Vancouver-Granville. Tactile map scale. 2.0 centimetres = 100 metres North arrow pointing to the north. The points of interest in the downtown area of Vancouver around Granville Mall are labelled with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file.
Main streets are coded with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Secondary streets are not labelled. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education:
tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types,
physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for
Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Vancouver-Museums
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Vancouver-Museums. Tactile map scale. 2.0 centimetres = 100 metres North arrow pointing to the north. The Museums area is bordered on the north by English Bay and on the east by False Creek. A wavy symbol indicates water. The points of interest
in the downtown area of Vancouver around Vanier Park and the museums are labelled with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Main streets are coded with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Secondary streets are not labelled. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised
features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers
and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing
information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown
area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Saint John
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Saint John. Tactile map scale. 2 centimetres = 3 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. Saint John and surrounding area. The Bay of Fundy is shown with a wavy symbol to indicate water. Main roads, routes. 1, 7, 111. A ferry route that goes
to Digby, Nova Scotia, is indicated with a dash line. A circle with a dot in the middle to indicate a bus station is located in the southeast of the city. A circle with the shape of an airplane indicates an airport located east of the city. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and
raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes,
rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing
information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown
area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, St John's
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is St John's. Tactile map scale. 2.7 centimetres = 10 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. St John's and surrounding area. Conception Bay and Atlantic Ocean. Northern area of Avalon Peninsula. Main roads, routes 20, 21, 1, 60 and 10. Text
label for Bell Island. The word island is abbreviated to I. Airport. Bus station. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the
general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types,
soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist
visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Gander
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Gander. Tactile map scale. 2 centimetres = 3 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. Gander and surrounding area. Gander Lake is shown with a wavy symbol to indicate water. Main roads, Route 1 and Route 330. A circle with a dot in the
middle indicates a bus terminal at the western edge of the city. A circle with the shape of an airplane in it indicates Gander International Airport to the east of the city. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The
Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of
Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a
travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Yellowknife
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Yellowknife. Tactile map scale. 2.0 centimetres = 100 metres North arrow pointing to the north. Yellowknife downtown detail is coded with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Main streets are coded with type and Braille expanded in the PDF
file. Secondary streets are not labelled. Frame Lake is located in the northwest corner shown with a wavy symbol to indicate water. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a)
Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief,
forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c)
Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Yellowknife
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Yellowknife. Tactile map scale. 1.7 centimetres = 4 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. Yellowknife and surrounding area. Main roads. Lakes. Airport. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually
impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and
the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets,
buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Yarmouth
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Yarmouth. Tactile map scale. 2 centimetres = 3 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. Yarmouth and surrounding area. Atlantic Ocean is shown with a wavy symbol to indicate water. Dashed lines indicate ferry crossings to Maine, USA. Main
roads, Route 101 and Route 103. A circle with a dot in the middle indicates a bus terminal west of the city. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education:
tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types,
physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for
Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Iqaluit
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Iqaluit. Tactile map scale. 2.7 centimetres = 10 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. Iqaluit general area. Main streets. Airport. Frobisher Bay. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually
impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and
the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets,
buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Woodstock
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Woodstock. Tactile map scale. 1.5 centimetres = 100 metres North arrow pointing to the north. Woodstock detail of downtown area. Main streets. Secondary streets. Train station. Bus terminal. Railroad. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large
text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political
boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major
cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in
the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Oxford County
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Oxford County. Tactile map scale. 2.7 centimetres = 10 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. Oxford County general area. Stratford, Waterloo, Cambridge, London, Woodstock, Brantford, Ingersol, Tilsonburg. Highway 401, highway 403.
Secondary roads. Railroad. Airport in London. Train Station, bus terminals. Bus terminals. Oxford County line. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education:
tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types,
physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for
Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Toronto
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Toronto. Tactile map scale. 2.0 centimetres = 250 metres North arrow pointing to the north. The downtown area is located north of Lake Ontario symbolized with a wavy symbol to indicate water. Toronto downtown detail is coded with type and Braille
expanded in the PDF file. Main streets are coded with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Secondary streets are not labelled. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a)
Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief,
forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c)
Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.