bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization: Analysis of Individual Particle Behavior and Parameter Selection
Authors: Sun Jun , Fang Wei , Wu Xiaojun , Palade Vasile , Xu Wenbo
Published: September 2011

Quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO), motivated by concepts from quantum mechanics and particle swarm optimization (PSO), is a probabilistic optimization algorithm belonging to the bare-bones PSO family. Although it has been shown to perform well in finding the optimal solutions for many optimization problems, there has so far been little analysis on how it works in detail. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the QPSO algorithm. In the theoretical analysis, we analyze the behavior of a single particle in QPSO in terms of probability measure. Since the particle's behavior is influenced by the contraction-expansion (CE) coefficient, which is the most important parameter of the algorithm, the goal of the theoretical analysis is to find out the upper bound of the CE coefficient, within which the value of the CE coefficient selected can guarantee the convergence or boundedness of the particle's position. In the experimental analysis, the theoretical results are first validated by stochastic simulations for the particle's behavior. Then, based on the derived upper bound of the CE coefficient, we perform empirical studies on a suite of well-known benchmark functions to show how to control and select the value of the CE coefficient, in order to obtain generally good algorithmic performance in real world applications. Finally, a further performance comparison between QPSO and other variants of PSO on the benchmarks is made to show the efficiency of the QPSO algorithm with the proposed parameter control and selection methods.
‘Caritas in Veritate’ and Social Love
Authors: Archer Margaret S.
Published: September 2011

The preliminary part of this paper demonstrates how defective models of personal identity have dominated social theory since the Enlightenment, and indicates their deficiencies for social theorizing and as a basis for the Catholic Church’s social teaching. Part two examines the consequences of conceptions that are incompatible with the four pillars of Catholic social teaching: human dignity, solidarity, subsidiarity and the common good. Part three examines why recent social teaching is anti-individualist in its emphasis on the connection between personal identity and social relations and endorses relational emergent properties and powers, which are grounded in social realism. These points are held to specify necessary but far from sufficient social conditions required for transforming late modernity into a ‘civilization of love’.
Social Conscience and Politics in the United States of America: Reflections
Authors: Bane Mary Jo
Published: September 2011

This article argues that the United States of America is quite different from other OECD countries in its religiosity (America is much more religious) and also in its public safety nets, which are considerably less generous and comprehensive than those of Europe. There are some institutional and ideological patterns in American religion that perhaps underlie both these tendencies. Patterns of religious life and practice in America may be part of the ‘problem’ in American responses to poverty; they may also, however, be part of the solution, and not simply because of gospel teaching. America is distinctive in the breadth, diversity and vitality of associations and charities, including religiously based voluntary organizations. The voluntary sector cannot replace the public sector, but it can, perhaps, provide the organizational foundation for the development of social conscience and civic dialogue, and a counter to the increasingly toxic political sphere. The voluntary sector may be the best hope for the emergence of an American social conscience, and may also provide an interesting framework for other nations to consider.
The Responsibility Not To Veto
Authors: Blätter Ariela , Williams Paul D.
Published: September 2011

Although the Member States of the United Nations (UN) unanimously endorsed the 'responsibility to protect' (R2P) principle in October 2005, debates continue about its scope, potential impact and how it might be operationalised. This article examines one strand of the wider efforts to turn the responsibility to protect into a workable international agenda, namely, the 'responsibility not to veto'. This is the idea that the permanent five members of the UN Security Council (P5) should agree not to use their veto power to block action in response to genocide and mass atrocities which would otherwise carry a majority in the Council and where their own vital security interests are not engaged. It has been promoted in a variety of international forums for nearly a decade but has not been adopted by the P5. We argue that this idea deserves support although we acknowledge that it addresses only one part of the wider conundrum of preventing mass atrocities. Its primary limitation is that the problem veto abstention is designed to solve – situations where potential rescuers are blocked by a (threat of ) P5 veto – has been a rare occurrence in contemporary world politics. The more common scenario has been that cases of mass atrocities have not generated sufficient political will to mobilise an international military response. Consequently, the responsibility not to veto must form part of a broader range of R2Pfriendly measures to help prevent mass atrocities and rescue their victims should they occur.
Characterization of Vertical Velocity and Drop Size Distribution Parameters in Widespread Precipitation at ARM Facilities
Authors: Giangrande Scott E. , Luke Edward P. , Kollias Pavlos
Published: September 2011

Extended, high-resolution measurements of vertical air motion and median volume drop diameter D0 in widespread precipitation from three diverse Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) locations [Lamont, Oklahoma, Southern Great Plains site (SGP); Niamey, Niger; and Black Forest, Germany] are presented. The analysis indicates a weak (0–10 cm−1) downward air motion beneath the melting layer for all three regions, a magnitude that is to within the typical uncertainty of the retrieval methods. On average, the hourly estimated standard deviation of the vertical air motion is 0.25 m s−1 with no pronounced vertical structure. Profiles of D0 vary according to region and rainfall rate. The standard deviation of 1-min-averaged D0 profiles for isolated rainfall rate intervals is 0.3–0.4 mm. Additional insights into the form of the raindrop size distribution are provided using available dual-frequency Doppler velocity observations at SGP. The analysis suggests that gamma functions better explain paired velocity observations and radar retrievals for the Oklahoma dataset. This study will be useful in assessing uncertainties introduced in the measurement of precipitation parameters from ground-based and spaceborne remote sensors that are due to small-scale variability.
Wet-Bulb Temperature from Relative Humidity and Air Temperature
Authors: Stull Roland
Published: September 2011

An equation is presented for wet-bulb temperature as a function of air temperature and relative humidity at standard sea level pressure. It was found as an empirical fit using gene-expression programming. This equation is valid for relative humidities between 5% and 99% and for air temperatures between −20° and 50°C, except for situations having both low humidity and cold temperature. Over the valid range, errors in wet-bulb temperature range from −1° to +0.65°C, with mean absolute error of less than 0.3°C.
Retrieval of Cloud Ice Water Path from Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS)
Authors: Sun Ninghai , Weng Fuzhong
Published: September 2011

The Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) aboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F-16 spacecraft measures the Earth-emitted radiation at frequencies from 19 to 183 GHz. From its high-frequency channels at 91 and 150 GHz, cloud microphysical parameters can be observed at a spatial resolution of 15 km. In this study, a simplified two-stream radiative transfer model is applied for microwave applications as a three-parameter equation and then used to retrieve the ice cloud water path (IWP) and ice particle effective diameter De. Since SSMIS is a conically scanning instrument, the retrieved IWP is less dependent on scan position and is a useful product for imaging atmospheric ice-phase clouds related to precipitation. Thus, IWP is also used to estimate surface rainfall rate through the same relationship derived previously and used in Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU-B) and Microwave Humidity Sounder applications. The SSMIS-derived ice cloud products are compared with those from other microwave instruments on the MetOp-A satellite, and both agree well in their spatial distributions.
ClimateWNA—High-Resolution Spatial Climate Data for Western North America
Authors: Wang Tongli , Hamann Andreas , Spittlehouse David L. , Murdock Trevor Q.
Published: September 2011

This study addresses the need to provide comprehensive historical climate data and climate change projections at a scale suitable for, and readily accessible to, researchers and resource managers. This database for western North America (WNA) includes over 20 000 surfaces of monthly, seasonal, and annual climate variables from 1901 to 2009; several climate normal periods; and multimodel climate projections for the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s. A software package, ClimateWNA, allows users to access the database and query point locations, obtain time series, or generate custom climate surfaces at any resolution. The software uses partial derivative functions of temperature change along elevation gradients to improve medium-resolution baseline climate estimates and calculates biologically relevant climate variables such as growing degree-days, number of frost-free days, extreme temperatures, and dryness indices. Historical and projected future climates are obtained by using monthly temperature and precipitation anomalies to adjust the interpolated baseline data for the location of interest. All algorithms used in the software package are described and evaluated against observations from weather stations across WNA. The downscaling algorithms substantially improve the accuracy of temperature variables over the medium-resolution baseline climate surfaces. Climate variables that are usually calculated from daily data are estimated from monthly climate variables with high statistical accuracy.
Near-Surface Salinity as Nature’s Rain Gauge to Detect Human Influence on the Tropical Water Cycle
Authors: Terray Laurent , Corre Lola , Cravatte Sophie , Delcroix Thierry , Reverdin Gilles , Ribes Aurélien
Published: September 2011

Changes in the global water cycle are expected as a result of anthropogenic climate change, but large uncertainties exist in how these changes will be manifest regionally. This is especially the case over the tropical oceans, where observed estimates of precipitation and evaporation disagree considerably. An alternative approach is to examine changes in near-surface salinity. Datasets of observed tropical Pacific and Atlantic near-surface salinity combined with climate model simulations are used to assess the possible causes and significance of salinity changes over the late twentieth century. Two different detection methodologies are then applied to evaluate the extent to which observed large-scale changes in near-surface salinity can be attributed to anthropogenic climate change.

Basin-averaged observed changes are shown to enhance salinity geographical contrasts between the two basins: the Pacific is getting fresher and the Atlantic saltier. While the observed Pacific and interbasin-averaged salinity changes exceed the range of internal variability provided from control climate simulations, Atlantic changes are within the model estimates. Spatial patterns of salinity change, including a fresher western Pacific warm pool and a saltier subtropical North Atlantic, are not consistent with internal climate variability. They are similar to anthropogenic response patterns obtained from transient twentieth- and twenty-first-century integrations, therefore suggesting a discernible human influence on the late twentieth-century evolution of the tropical marine water cycle. Changes in the tropical and midlatitudes Atlantic salinity levels are not found to be significant compared to internal variability. Implications of the results for understanding of the recent and future marine tropical water cycle changes are discussed.
Two Distinct Modes of Tropical Indian Ocean Precipitation in Boreal Winter and Their Impacts on Equatorial Western Pacific*
Authors: Wu Bo , Zhou Tianjun , Li Tim
Published: September 2011

The observational analysis reveals two distinct precipitation modes, the zonal dipole (DP) mode and the monopole (MP) mode, in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) during the El Niño mature winter, even though sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) have a similar basinwide warming pattern [referred to as the Indian Ocean basin mode (IOBM)]. The formation of the two precipitation modes depends on the distinct evolutions of the SSTA in the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean. Both of the precipitation modes are preceded by an Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). The IOD associated with the DP mode developed in late summer and was triggered by Pacific El Niño through a “Sumatra–Philippine pattern.” The IOD associated with the MP mode developed in early summer when the Pacific SSTAs were still normal. The different IOD onset time leads to salient differences in subsequent evolution including the transfer of a dipole SST pattern to a basinwide pattern. As a result, in the boreal winter, the zonal SSTA gradient associated with the DP mode is much stronger than that associated with the MP mode. The strong SSTA zonal gradient associated with the DP mode drives an anomalous Walker circulation in the TIO, while the nearly uniform warm SSTA associated with the MP mode forces a basin-scale upward motion. The two modes have opposite impacts on the zonal wind over the equatorial western Pacific, with anomalous westerly (easterly) occurring during the DP (MP) mode, and thus they may have distinct impacts on El Niño evolution.
Soil Moisture, Snow, and Seasonal Streamflow Forecasts in the United States
Authors: Mahanama Sarith , Livneh Ben , Koster Randal , Lettenmaier Dennis , Reichle Rolf
Published: September 2011

Land surface model experiments are used to quantify, for a number of U.S. river basins, the contributions (isolated and combined) of soil moisture and snowpack initialization to the skill of seasonal streamflow forecasts at multiple leads and for different start dates. Snow initialization has a major impact on skill during the spring melting season. Soil moisture initialization has a smaller but still statistically significant impact during this season, and in other seasons, its contribution to skill dominates. Realistic soil moisture initialization can contribute to skill at long leads (over 6 months) for certain basins and seasons. Skill levels in all seasons are found to be related to the ratio of initial total water storage (soil water plus snow) variance to the forecast period precipitation variance, allowing estimates of the potential for skill in areas outside the verification basins.
Interannual Variability of Rhine River Streamflow and Its Relationship with Large-Scale Anomaly Patterns in Spring and Autumn
Authors: Ionita Monica , Lohmann Gerrit , Rimbu Norel , Chelcea Silvia
Published: September 2011

Interannual-to-decadal variability of Rhine River streamflow and their relationship with large-scale climate anomaly patterns for spring [March–May (MAM)] and autumn [September–November (SON)] are investigated through a statistical analysis of observed streamflow data and global climate anomaly fields. A wavelet analysis reveals that spring streamflow variability is nonstationary with enhanced variability in the 8–16-yr band from 1860 to 1900 and in the 2–8 and 16–30 yr after 1960. A composite analysis reveals that streamflow anomalies during spring are related to a sea surface temperature (SST) pattern that resembles the corresponding El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) SST pattern. The corresponding atmospheric circulation pattern favors enhanced moisture advection over the Rhine catchment area during positive streamflow anomalies. During autumn, the streamflow variability follows a distribution similar to spring streamflow, but with a strong peak in the 30–60-yr band. Autumn streamflow anomalies are significantly related only with the North Atlantic SST anomalies. The atmospheric circulation pattern associated with high streamflow during autumn, which is more regional than the corresponding spring pattern, shows a deep low pressure system over the British Isles and the northwestern part of Europe and a shift southward of the Atlantic jet axis. The orientation of the axis of the Atlantic and African jets, as well as the advection of the moist air from the ocean, plays a crucial role in the variability of Rhine streamflow both in spring and autumn.
Wind Sea and Swell Separation of 1D Wave Spectrum by a Spectrum Integration Method*
Authors: Hwang Paul A. , Ocampo-Torres Francisco J. , García-Nava Héctor
Published: September 2011

In an earlier paper by Wang and Hwang, a wave steepness method was introduced to separate the wind sea and swell of the 1D wave spectrum without relying on external information, such as the wind speed. Later, the method was found to produce the unreasonable result of placing the swell–sea separation frequency higher than the wind sea peak frequency. Here, the following two factors causing the erratic performance are identified: (a) the wave steepness method defines the swell–sea separation frequency to be equal to the wind sea peak frequency with a wave age equal to one, and, (b) for more mature wave conditions, the peak frequency of the wave steepness function may not continue monotonic downshifting in high winds if the high-frequency portion of the wave spectrum has a spectral slope milder than −5. Conceptually, the swell–sea separation frequency should be placed between the swell and wind sea peak frequencies rather than at the wind sea peak frequency. Furthermore the wind sea wave age can vary over a considerable range, thus factor a above can lead to incorrect results. Also, because the slope of the wind sea equilibrium spectrum is typically close to −4, factor b becomes a serious restriction in more mature wave conditions. A spectrum integration method generalized from the wave steepness method is presented here for wind sea and swell separation of the 1D wave spectrum without requiring external information. The new spectrum integration method works very well over a wide range of wind wave development stages in the ocean.
On the General Meaning of the Sage
Authors: Bo Sun
Published: September 2011

From the Confucian perspective, a sage should possess three characteristics: a noble moral character; profound knowledge, and a remarkable ability to put his ideals into practice. Sages are born out of the circumstances of their times, they are the inheritors and promulgators of worthy traditions; in short, they are the ‘divine workers’ in human history. Sages understand ‘the Way’ (Dao) and ‘the divine’, however, from their own perspective. The Way or the divine is nothing but a highly developed and refined way of life. This is ‘culture’. This means that humans must consciously transform their qualities to make their human nature more perfect. Seen in this light, sages are ‘models’ of progression in the self-consciousness of human beings.
The Plea for Asia—Tan Yunshan, Pan-Asianism and Sino-Indian Relations
Authors: Tsui Brian
Published: September 2011

In 1927, the Buddhist scholar, Tan Yunshan, travelled to Santiniketan on the invitation of Rabindranath Tagore to teach Chinese at Visva Bharati University. Subsequent years would see him develop close ties with the Guomindang and Congress leaders, secure Chinese state funding for the first sinological institute in India and mediate between the nationalist movements during the Second World War. That a relatively marginal academic, who participated in neither the May Fourth Movement nor any major political party, and who had little prior experience of India, could have played such an important role in twentieth century Sino-Indian relations raises questions over the conditions that made possible Tan’s illustrious career. This article argues that Tan’s success as an institution builder and diplomatic intermediary was attributable to his ideological affinity with the increasing disillusionment with capitalist modernity in both China and India, the shifting dynamics of the Pan-Asianist movement and the conservative turn of China’s nationalist movement after its split with the communists in 1927. While Nationalist China and the Congress both tapped into the civilizational discourse that was supposed to bind the two societies together, the idealism Tan embodied was unable to withstand the conflict of priorities between nation-states in the emerging Cold War order.
Indian Traders in Xinjiang in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Authors: Thampi Madhavi
Published: September 2011

The presence of Indian traders in Xinjiang is largely discounted as a factor of significance when analyzing the relations between India and China in the modern era. However, hundreds of Indian sojourners and settlers were present in the main towns and surrounding areas of southern Xinjiang over a period of several centuries until the middle of the twentieth century. This article explores how the rivalry between the expanding British Indian and Russian empires, as well as the turbulent politics of the Republican era in China, placed insurmountable difficulties in the way of this once-resilient group of Indian merchants, eventually leading to their complete exodus from this region of China by the late 1940s.
Friends, Family or Foreigners? The Political Economy of Diasporic FDI and Remittances in China and India
Authors: Tsai Kellee S.
Published: September 2011

Focusing exclusively on foreign direct investment (FDI) as a comparative measure of capital inflows obscures another significant source of funds—that of monetary remittances. This article emphasizes the empirical and analytic value of disaggregating FDI data and analyzing remittance trends in the two most populous developing countries in the world, China and India. While identifying the determinants of FDI inflows dominates much of the literature on FDI, this article suggests that the concept of FDI may not be the most meaningful indicator of relative developmental performance, especially given the reality of national definitional differences in FDI, roundtrip capital, growth in portfolio investment and variation in the sources and uses of realized FDI. In this context, the article examines what motivates the respective diasporas to send money back to their homelands in the form of FDI versus remittances and the local developmental implications of these diasporic flows. It proposes that attending to vernacular modes of capital formation such as ethnic and transnational networks presents an analytic opportunity to generate more empirically accurate and nuanced theories of political economy.
Contract Labour in Urban Constructions
Authors: Suresh T.G.
Published: September 2011

This article analyzes the labour regime that has taken shape in the construction sector in post-reform India and China. In both countries, expansion of the urban sector has entailed large-scale labour mobilization of wage workers from the lowest agrarian strata. Based on an examination of flexibilities in labour con-tracts, wage-related issues and the enclosures built into the worksites, it argues that there is a striking parallel in India and China, both in the process involved in the formation of labour regimes as well as in the outcome it has produced for the workers in the construction sector.
History 2 or 2 B? Capital Narratives for Asia and Asian Narratives for Capital
Authors: Balachandran G.
Published: September 2011

Naturalizing a global ‘world of capitalist totality’ serves as a modality for normalizing global processes of capital accumulation. However ‘global’ remains a project evinced in specific forms of cultural action and practices. This preliminary article juxtaposes two vastly separated spheres of global economy and society that are rarely considered together. The haute sphere of a crisis ridden global financial system increasingly sees its salvation in mobilizing and disposing of the ‘surpluses of the Orient’ in a manner that speeds up global capital accumulation. In this light the financial crisis and the enhanced global role and aspirations of Asian states, in particular China and India, may lead to compromises in the ways both states have articulated local, national and global accumulation processes to one another, and mediated their impact on marginalized domestic social groups. Historians have traditionally misrecognized struggles of subordinated social groups to resist surrendering their claims to capital or resist proletarianization. It has now become more important than ever to revisit these struggles and their redoubts to uncover cultural and political actions for grounding the ‘global’, and the practices, idioms and relationships of resistance to them.
The Pediatrician’s Guide to Managing the Difficult Pediatric Headache Patient
Authors: Claar Robyn Lewis , McDonald-Nolan Lori , LeBel Alyssa
Published: September 2011

Pediatric headache is a common pain complaint in children and adolescents, and pediatricians are the first source of headache assessment and treatment. This article provides guidelines for pediatricians in managing difficult headache patients typically seen in our practice. The 3 categories we typically evaluates and treats include ( a) “It’s medical, not psychological”; ( b) “You’re the only doctor who can help me”; and ( c) “My child is perfect.” A brief case presentation illustrates each of these categories of patients. Specific recommendations for treatment, as well as guidelines for parents, are provided.
Management of an Apparent Life-Threatening Event
Authors: Kundra Manu , Duffy Elizabeth , Thomas Ronald , Mahajan Prashant V.
Published: September 2011

Objective. The etiology of an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) has been attributed to a wide range of causes. Physicians rely on caregiver narratives, which are often unreliable given the distressing nature of the event, which in turn leads to variation in the evaluation and management. The objective of this study was to study this variation in the management of ALTE among emergency physicians in Michigan. Design and methods. The authors developed and conducted a survey that contained questions on the evaluation and management of 2 common ALTE scenarios. These surveys were then mailed to 1000 randomly selected emergency physicians from a comprehensive physician database. Results. A total of 25.5% responded. Majority of the respondents were trained in emergency medicine residency. Fourth-seven percent of the respondents work in suburban areas. Most respondents said that they would perform diagnostic laboratory workup on children presenting with ALTE although there is wide variation in the extent of the workup. Ninety-two percent of ALTE patients are likely to get pediatric subspecialist consultation from the emergency department. Conclusions. There is a wide variation in the evaluation and management of ALTE among emergency medicine physicians in Michigan. These children with ALTE are very likely to be seen by pediatric subspecialists subsequently.
Field education in international social work: Where we are and where we should go
Authors: Nuttman-Shwartz Orit , Berger Roni
Published: September 2011

A critical review of current knowledge about international field education yielded four main conclusions. First, an unresolved debate exists relating to the meaning of international social work (ISW). Second, various motives drive students, faculty and professionals to participate in ISW. Third, developing a curriculum for ISW presents unique challenges. Fourth, four competing models of international field placement exist: (1) Independent/one-time; (2) Neighbor-country; (3) Onsite group; and (4) Exchange/reciprocal. Based on the review, principles for effective ISW field placement, especially intensive preparation and collaboration between sending and host schools, as well as directions for future research are offered.
Neglect – recognition – deconstruction: Approaches to otherness in social work
Authors: Ploesser Professor Melanie , Mecheril Professor Paul
Published: September 2011

Since the middle of the 1990s, ‘difference’ has been a subject dealt with intensively in international social work theory. Migration and gender studies especially have drawn attention to the fact that clients of social work are not only ‘different’, but ‘differently different’. Our article presents three prominent approaches to difference in social work: neglect of the other, recognition of the other (by emphasizing the necessity of identity) and the deconstruction of differences between the other and the non-other (by reading the powerfulness of binary structured differences).
Ethical implications for research into inclusive education in Arab societies: Reflections on the politicization of the personalized research experience
Authors: Ashencaen Crabtree Sara , Williams Richard
Published: September 2011

Inclusive education in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Arab societies is at a developmental stage with a paucity of research data recording this process. To clarify an obscure topic an online survey was conducted targeting 48 agencies in the GCC offering rehabilitation for children with disabilities and their families. Although the response rate was statistically disappointing, the outcome of the study nevertheless offers insights into the changing perceptions towards disability and education in Arab societies. However, crucially the study also generated an in-depth exploration of the ethical and geopolitical dimensions underpinning research initiatives in this region.
Religious coping and acculturation stress among Hindu Bhutanese: A study of newly-resettled refugees in the United States
Authors: Benson G. Odessa , Sun Fei , Hodge David R. , Androff David K.
Published: September 2011

After years in Nepali refugee camps, over 100,000 Bhutanese refugees are being resettled around the world by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). This study examines the relationship between religious coping and acculturation stress among newly-resettled Hindu Bhutanese refugees in the United States (US), the projected home of most Bhutanese refugees.
What Accounts for the Representation Gap? Decomposing Canada—US Differences in the Desire for Collective Voice
Authors: Campolieti Michele , Gomez Rafael , Gunderson Morley
Published: September 2011

We utilize two representative cross-national data sets to shed light on what has been a vexing problem in the industrial relations literature; namely, the existence and persistence of the representation gap documented more than a decade ago by Freeman and Rogers (1999). Specifically, we estimate the determinants of employee desire for a range of collective voice mechanisms, including unionization. We do this separately for the US and Canada and then, using an application of the Oaxaca decomposition technique, we decompose the differences in those desires between the two countries into a component due to differences in the characteristics of respondents and another due to differences in preferences for collective voice mechanisms. Our results indicate that: (1) roughly half of workers in both countries expressed a desire for a range of collective voice mechanisms to deal with workplace issues; (2) that desire for collective voice was stronger in the US than in Canada; and (3) that virtually all of the stronger desire for collective workplace voice in the US, as compared to Canada, was due to stronger employee preferences for collective solutions as opposed to differences in the characteristics of workers. We offer plausible explanations for our findings and discuss the implications for labour law reform.
A Cluster of Mistrust: Safety in the Mining Industry
Authors: Gunningham Neil , Sinclair Darren
Published: September 2011

This article examines the relationship between mistrust, adversarial industrial relations and safety performance in 10 Australian coal mines, across three mining companies. Based on case study research and company safety data, the article identifies a ‘cluster of characteristics’ closely associated with the formation of mistrust, and examines the negative impact such characteristics can have on safety performance. The article considers the broader ramifications of these findings for non-mining sectors, in particular for companies with a corporate head office overseeing separate sites, and identifies ways of building trust.
Can Unions Grow in Authoritarian Political and Social Environments? The Korean Case
Authors: Jeong Jooyeon
Published: September 2011

In the English-language literature, the prevailing view on Korean unions during the period of economic development of the 1970s attributes the unions’ lack of representative capacity as well as their exceptionally slow growth chiefly to constraints imposed by the state-led macro-political environment. However, this article finds that enterprise unions, the primary form in Korea, not only pursued weak to moderate economic unionism, but also recorded a gradual pattern of growth while exhibiting significant diversity like a stable, monopolistic, white-collar enterprise unionism model in the public sector and a precarious blue-collar model within manufacturing industries during that period. That diverse pattern of union growth was repeated and intensified by the explosive growth of enterprise unions following the stable blue-collar model in chaebol large-sized metalworking enterprises, the temporarily thriving blue-collar model in small- and medium-sized metalworking enterprises, and the vigorous but various white-collar model in service industries during the period of political democratization (1987—94). In particular, Korean union growth was not always solely, decisively, and negatively influenced by the state, as presumed in much of the literature. Instead, like their counterparts in several advanced nations, the dissimilar organizational structures and bargaining power of the five enterprise unionism models could be analyzed by several industry- and firm-specific factors, such as growth stages, degree of state regulation, firm size, and economic and social statuses of workers in their respective firms’ internal and external labor markets.
Internet and Email Monitoring in the Workplace: Time for an Alternate Approach
Authors: O'Rourke Anne , Teicher Julian , Pyman Amanda
Published: September 2011

In this article we examine changes to the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979 (Cth) and the implications of those changes for the protection of workplace privacy. This examination is undertaken in the context of two factors: the absence of statutory protections for employee privacy in the workplace; and the development of sophisticated human resource management practices and increasing individualization of workplace relationships. We argue that instead of eroding privacy rights in the workplace, the federal government should implement a legal regime that poses the least threat to employees’ dignity and rights to privacy in the context of work.
Partners in Crime? Criminal Offending, Marriage Formation, and Partner Selection
Authors: van Schellen Marieke , Poortman Anne-Rigt , Nieuwbeerta Paul
Published: September 2011

Objectives.

This study aims to examine the impact of criminal offending on marriage formation and partner selection. Although it is well established that marriage has the potential to foster desistance from crime, far less attention has been paid to offenders' marital chances. The few studies that did investigate the effects of crime on marriage formation have not taken into account spouses' criminal behavior. However, desistance from crime may strongly depend on the criminal history of the spouse.

Method.

We employ data from a unique longitudinal study: The Criminal Career and Life-course Study (CCLS). The CCLS contains data on the officially registered criminal careers of 4,615 Dutch offenders and their spouses. To analyze the relationship between criminal offending and outcomes in the marriage market, we use event history models.

Results.

The results show that not only the seriousness of a criminal history but also the timing of criminal convictions affects offenders' outcomes in the marriage market. The more criminal offenses individuals have committed, the lower the chances of marrying and, given marriage, the higher the chances of marrying a criminal partner. The impact of a criminal record on marriage likelihood becomes weaker when offenders have been convicted a longer time ago.

Conclusions.

On the basis of our findings, we have to nuance the prominent idea that marriage reduces criminal behavior. Because of their lower marital chances and their tendency to marry criminal partners, offenders are less likely to experience protective effects of marriage.
The Influence of Travel Distance on Treatment Noncompletion for Juvenile Offenders
Authors: Lockwood Brian
Published: September 2011

Objectives:

This study seeks to identify the effects of travel distance on treatment noncompletion for juveniles attending community-based offender programs.

Methods:

A population of more than 6,000 juvenile offenders adjudicated in Philadelphia’s Family Court is analyzed using hierarchical linear models. Distance to treatment is operationalized with Euclidean distance. Treatment noncompletion is disaggregated by type to distinguish between noncompletion due to dropout and expulsion.

Results:

Results indicate that distance to treatment influences noncompletion due to dropout, but not due to expulsion. In the cross-classified models, an increase of approximately 3 miles to treatment is shown to increase the odds of treatment noncompletion due to dropout by nearly 100 percent.

Conclusions:

Implications of this research suggest that Euclidean distance is an appropriate measure with which to estimate the travel of young offenders in urban space and that juvenile justice policymakers should consider distance to treatment when matching young offenders to treatment facilities.
On the Operational Validity of Perceptual Peer Delinquency: Exploring Projection and Elements Contained in Perceptions
Authors: Boman John H. , Stogner John M. , Miller Bryan Lee , Griffin O. Hayden , Krohn Marvin D.
Published: September 2011

Objectives.

The authors examine perceptions of a peer’s substance use to determine whether and to what degree individuals project their own behavior onto their perceptions of peer’s delinquency, and to determine whether the constructs of self-control and peer attachment are related to perceptions.

Methods.

Using a sample of 2,154 young adult respondents within friendship pairs in which each respondent reported their own substance use and their perception of the friend’s use, the authors estimate a series of regression models with perceptions of a peer’s alcohol, marijuana, Salvia divinorum, and hard drug use as dependent variables.

Results.

Perceptions of a peer’s substance use are approximately equally related to a peer’s and a respondent’s use of each substance. Projection occurs to a greater extent when perceiving low-frequency behaviors. Low self-control is sporadically associated with higher perceived substance use.

Conclusions.

Peer self-reported delinquency and perceptions of peer delinquency are distinct constructs. Because projection appears to be worse for infrequent behaviors, researchers should use caution when using low-frequency behaviors to measure perceptual peer delinquency. Although the data used are cross sectional, the perceptual measure is confounded by too many variables other than a peer’s actual delinquency to be considered a valid measure of the sole construct of peer delinquency.
Unraveling Evidence-Based Practices in Special Education
Authors: Cook Bryan G. , Cook Sara Cothren
Published: September 2011

Evidence-based practices (EBPs) are instructional techniques that meet prescribed criteria related to the research design, quality, quantity, and effect size of supporting research, which have the potential to help bridge the research-to-practice gap and improve student outcomes. In this article, the authors (a) discuss the importance of clear understanding and communication regarding EBPs and what works in special education; (b) define EBPs and discuss how they are identified; (c) differentiate the term EBP from related terms such as research-based, best, and recommended practices; (d) consider the purview of EBPs; and (e) present relevant caveats related to EBPs. The authors conclude by providing recommendations to facilitate special educators’ clear and effectual thinking and communication about EBPs.
Omeprazole Impairs the Absorption of Mycophenolate Mofetil But Not of Enteric‐Coated Mycophenolate Sodium in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Kees M. G. , Steinke T. , Moritz S. , Rupprecht K. , Paulus E. M. , Kees F. , Bucher M. , Faerber L.
Published: September 2011

In 2 crossover studies, 12 healthy volunteers (6 male/6 female) received a single oral dose of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) 1000 mg or an equimolar dose of enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium (EC‐MPS) 720 mg fasting with and without coadministered omeprazole 20 mg bid. The plasma concentrations of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and of the inactive metabolite mycophenolic acid glucuronide (MPA‐G) were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, dissolution of MMF 500 mg or EC‐MPS 360 mg tablets was determined using an USP paddle apparatus in aqueous buffer of pH 1 to 7. The bioavailability of MPA following administration of MMF or EC‐MPS was similar except for the time to peak concentration, which was longer in the EC‐MPS group. Concomitant treatment with omeprazole lowered significantly Cmax and AUC12h of MPA following administration of MMF. The pharmacokinetics of EC‐MPS was not affected. Dissolution of MMF in aqueous buffer decreased dramatically at pH above 4.5. The EC‐MPS tablet was stable up to pH 5. Above, EC‐MPS was quantitatively disintegrated and MPS quantitatively dissolved. There is strong evidence that impaired absorption of MMF with concomitant proton pump inhibitors is due to incomplete dissolution of MMF in the stomach at elevated pH.
Investigation of a Possible Interaction Between Quetiapine and Armodafinil in Patients With Schizophrenia: An Open‐Label, Multiple‐Dose Study
Authors: Darwish Mona , Bond Mary , Hellriegel Edward T. , Youakim James M. , Yang Ronghua , Jr Philmore Robertson
Published: September 2011

The wakefulness‐promoting medication armodafinil (R‐modafinil) is being studied as an adjunctive treatment for patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotic therapy. This open‐label study in 37 adults with schizophrenia evaluated whether a drug—drug interaction occurs between armodafinil (a moderate CYP3A4 inducer) and the atypical antipsychotic quetiapine (primarily metabolized by CYP3A4). Patients were required to be on a stable dose of quetiapine ≥300 mg once daily in the evening before enrollment. Steady‐state quetiapine pharmacokinetics were determined following daily administration of quetiapine alone in the evening (day 5) and then following concomitant armodafinil administration (titrated to 250 mg) daily in the morning (day 38). In 25 evaluable patients, concomitant armodafinil resulted in a statistically significant decrease in mean AUC0–24 and Cmax values of quetiapine by 42% and 45%, respectively, versus quetiapine alone. Adverse events occurred more frequently with combination therapy and were consistent with the known profiles of the 2 drugs. No significant changes in mean PANSS negative, positive, and total scores or SANS scores were observed. Although the data do not suggest that the observed decrease in systemic exposure to quetiapine was associated with a change in disease state, patients with schizophrenia should be monitored during combination therapy with quetiapine and armodafinil.
Using Structured Reading Groups to Facilitate Deep Learning
Authors: Parrott Heather Macpherson , Cherry Elizabeth
Published: September 2011

Two significant challenges in teaching college courses are getting students to complete the readings and, beyond that, having them engage in deep reading. We have developed a specific group work format within our courses to facilitate both deep reading and active discussion of course material. Early in the semester, students are assigned to their small groups and a set of rotating group roles: discussion leader, passage master, devil’s advocate, creative connector, and reporter. Students meet with their group regularly in class throughout the semester. Before each group meeting, they are to complete a set of readings and a reading preparation sheet for their given reading group role. In this article, we outline how to implement these groups, the benefits of them, and variations to the standard format. We also present quantitative and qualitative student evaluations of this group work format demonstrating the success of this teaching technique.
Not seeing the joke: the overlooked role of humour in researching television production
Authors: Brennan Edward R.
Published: September 2011

This article argues that humour can provide researchers with a unique access point into the professional cultures of media producers. By reconsidering an earlier case study, and reviewing relevant literature, it illustrates how humour can fulfil several functions in media production. Importantly, humour is a central means of performing the ‘emotional labour’ that increasingly precarious media work demands. For production research, the everyday joking and banter of media workers can provide an important and, heretofore, overlooked means of accessing culture, meaning, consensus and conflict in media organizations. The article argues that humour’s organizational role should be considered as a sensitizing concept when designing production research.
‘You’re all a bunch of pinkos’: Rupert Murdoch and the politics of HarperCollins
Authors: McKnight David , Hobbs Mitchell
Published: September 2011

News Corporation is one of the most closely studied international media conglomerates, headed by the world’s most famous media proprietor. Yet, despite its prominence in the academic literature, little attention has been paid to the company’s book publishing operations. This article seeks to rectify this oversight. It investigates some of the more controversial book deals made by HarperCollins, outlining a partisan publishing pattern that conforms to Murdoch’s proclivity for conservative politics.
Effect of Type of Curriculum on Educational Outcomes and Motivation Among Marketing Students With Different Learning Styles
Authors: Ackerman David S. , Hu Jing
Published: September 2011

Using an active learning approach to motivate students to learn has been advocated by many educators. It has been an ongoing discussion on whether marketing educators should customize their teaching activities based on the learning styles found in their classes recently. This study uses a scale of learning styles that includes a measure of the degree of student autonomy from the instructor. Results from an experiment of marketing students indicate that courses using an active learning approach consistently receive significant higher ratings on learning outcomes and motivation measures than those using a passive learning approach for autonomous learners, but that there are few benefits for students who are low in autonomy. This suggests that though active learning assignments are very effective, they will not necessarily lead to positive outcomes for all types of learners.