bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ação educativa sobre doenças osteoarticulares para trabalhadores informais no município de Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brasil
Authors: Milanesi Maria Eduarda Laia , Gama Artur Macedo , Zago Carlos Gabriel de Araújo Pelozato , Pizzatto Kamila , Alves Maria Eduarda Ribeiro , Albuquerque Saymon
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar um relato de experiência de acadêmicos de Medicina do 3º período do ano de 2024, no qual foi execução uma ação em saúde acerca da prevenção de Doenças Osteoarticulares em trabalhadores dos setores informal econstrução civil. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência acerca de uma ação em saúde referente a Doenças Osteoarticulares e sua intrínseca relação com o trabalho. Resultados: Durante os três dias de ação em saúde foram abordadas um total de 80 pessoas, sendo 56 mulheres e 24 homens na faixa etária de 35 a 60 anos em média. Discussão: O trabalho destaca como essas patologias podem interferir no bem-estar dos indivíduos em seu cotidiano e no cenário financeiro, uma vez que a própria ocupação pode agravar os casos. A ação em saúde permitiu a disseminação de informações sobre o tema para a população, com o objetivo de orientar os trabalhadores sobre a importância dos métodos preventivos em relação às doenças osteoarticulares. Conclusão: Conclui-se que ainda existem lacunas de conhecimento sobre o tema entre a população. No entanto, o programa de saúde implementado mostra-se eficaz na instrução dos indivíduos, possibilitando uma melhor qualidade de vida.
Custo-efetividade da desospitalizaçãode pacientes com ventilação mecânica domiciliar
Authors: Gonçalves Jonas Loiola , Netto Fernanda Colares de Borba , SILVA RAIMUNDA MAGALHÃES  DA , Garcia Filho Carlos , Botelho Amanda de Paula Pessôa Paula , Daniele Thiago Medeiros da Costa
Published: October 2024

Objetivo:Analisar a gestão de gastos gerados na prestação de cuidados a pacientes em ventilação mecânica domiciliar, comparado com a internação hospitalar. Método:Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo de um Serviço de Atendimento Domiciliar no Ceará. Foram investigadas variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas de60 prontuários de pacientes em ventilação mecânica domiciliar, atendidos em 2019, com análise comparativa de pacientes de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Realizou-se estatística descritiva, por média, desvio-padrão, mediana, valor mínimo e máximo, aplicando-se testes de Wilcoxon e Kruskal-Wallis para a comparação dos grupos, adotando-se p=0,05. Resultados:Observou-se diferença significativa (p < 0.0001)entre as diárias dos pacientes em ventilação mecânica domiciliar e UTI. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as médias de custos dos pacientes que foram à óbito no ano em comparação aos que continuaram no programa após 2019. Conclusão:A desospitalização reduz custos de pacientes com ventilação mecânica domiciliar, proporcionando novos arranjosdas formas de cuidar.
Effect of Single Low-Dose Dexamethasone on Peri-operative Blood Glucose Levels
Authors: Dada SA , Fatungase OM , Osinaike BB , Olawale OO , Ogundipe AA , Ojo AB
Published: October 2024

Background: Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the second most common complaint reported after surgery with an incidence of 30%-80%. PONV is associated with numerous morbidities, hence prevention is beneficial. Dexamethasone is used as a prophylactic anti-emetic agent, however, being a corticosteroid, it could cause hyperglycaemia which is associated with a number of other adverse effects.
Objectives: To study the effect of a single low-dose intravenous dexamethasone given as a prophylactic anti-emetic agent on perioperative blood glucose levels.
Methods: Eighty-eight women who had elective myomectomy or hysterectomy under combined spinal-epidural (CSE) anaesthesia were randomised into two groups of 44 each. Following baseline blood glucose estimation, one group had 4 mg (1 ml) of intravenous dexamethasone 1-2 seconds after blood glucose check while the control group had 1 ml of normal saline. Blood glucose was measured every hour intra-operatively and two-hourly post-operatively till 12 hours after drug administration. Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, pain, motor block duration and urinary output were assessed hourly.
Results: The mean maximum change in blood glucose from baseline in the dexamethasone group was statistically significantly higher than in the control group, 51.00±26.57 mg/dl vs. 35.80±25.71 mg/dl (p = 0.007) so also was the mean maximum blood glucose, 153.93±31.63 mg/dl vs. 139.52±28.95 mg/dl (p = 0.028) respectively.
Conclusion: Intravenous dexamethasone at a single, low-dose (4 mg) used as a prophylaxis for nausea and vomiting is associated with significant increase in blood glucose concentration.
Aqueous Seed Extract of Nigella Sativa Ameliorated Metronidazole-Induced Testicular Damage Via Up-Regulations of the Antioxidant System
Authors: Osonuga IO , Edema VB , Okebule BO , Ogunlade AA , Olukade BA , Osonuga O
Published: October 2024

Background: Infertility is a condition characterized by the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse.
Objectives: To determine the effect of aqueous seed extract of Nigella sativa on testicular antioxidant levels in metronidazole-induced infertility in male Wistar rats.
Methods: A total of thirty-five (35) male Wistar rats (aged 7-10 weeks old) were randomly distributed into five different groups (n = 7 each); Group A (Control group), Group B (Metronidazole only), Group C (Metronidazole + aqueous seed extract of Nigella sativa), Group D (Metronidazole Recovery), and Group E (Metronidazole + aqueous seed extract of Nigella sativa + Recovery). Experimental animals received 500 mg/kg of metronidazole and 300 mg/kg of aqueous seed extract of Nigella sativa orally. 
Results: Metronidazole treatment caused a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the level of testicular glutathione (Control group - 3.50±0.50; MTZ only - 2.00±0.30; MTZ+NS - 2.50±0.40; MTZ+ NS+ Recovery - 2.80±0.40). Similar reductions occurred in the activities of testicular superoxide dismutase (Control - 1.58±0.10; MTZ only - 0.23±0.06; MTZ+NS - 0.68±0.10; MTZ+ NS+ Recovery - 0.68±0.10) and catalase (Control - 2.70±0.35; MTZ only - 0.70±0.25; MTZ+NS - 1.23±0.20; MTZ+ NS+ Recovery: 1.25±0.30) which was followed by histo-architectural alterations in the testes of rats. Thereafter, aqueous seed extract of Nigella sativa treatment improved all the initial alterations caused by metronidazole treatment. Two - weeks recovery period was accompanied by a significant (p = 0.017) increase in antioxidant enzyme activities of group E when compared with group B and group D.
Conclusions: The aqueous seed extract of Nigella sativa exerts its ameliorative effect by improving antioxidant enzyme activities in the testes which then protect the testes against oxidative damage, enhancing sperm quality, preventing apoptosis, supporting testicular function, and aiding tissue repair.
Endometrial Microcalcification in a 31-Year-Old Woman: A Case Report
Authors: Ano-Edward GH , Bobo TI , Bakare TY
Published: October 2024

Endometrial microcalcifications are an uncommon event, though they may be a cause of amenorrhoea and infertility. It is often detected incidentally as echogenic lesions on ultrasonography and in endometrial samples sent for histopathological examination. A 31-year-old Para 0+3 presented with amenorrhoea and a “curettage sample” obtained from an evacuation performed for a missed abortion at ten weeks gestation. She brought the tissue obtained during the endometrial curettage, which was performed at a private hospital for histopathological examination and follow-up at the Gynaecology Clinic. A provisional diagnosis of atrophic endometrium was made following a pelvic ultrasound scan, while histopathological examination revealed placenta tissue with microcalcifications. The patient was subsequently placed on combined oral contraceptives for three cycles, having ruled out possible contraindications. She had regular per vaginam bleeding for three consecutive cycles. She resumed spontaneous menses and eventually achieved pregnancy. Although endometrial microcalcification is rare, it is a potential cause of secondary amenorrhea and infertility in women of reproductive age group.
The bioactive constituents and biological properties of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum (Fenugreek): A comprehensive review
Authors: Agatha Ngukuran Jikah  , Gift Onyinye Christopher
Published: October 2024

Fenugreek; the extremely nutritional plant of the Fabaceae family ranks amongst the oldest therapeutic plants used in traditional medicine. The plant has a broad –spectrum of pharmacological and biological activities which are traceable to its bioactive compounds and protective nutrients contained such as; flavonoids, diosgenin, saponins, galactomannans, trigonellin, essential oils, coumarins, 4-hydroxyisoleucine and scopoletin. These bioactive compounds elicit nutraceutical, immunomodultory, antioxidant, anti-atherogenic, anti-oxidative, anti-hyperlipidemic, hypoglycaemic, anticarcinogenic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive effects via various mechanisms against common chronic diseases. Moreover, the plant also has protective effects on the digestive, cardiovascular, endocrine, and reproductive systems. This article considers the role of fenugreek contained bioactives on human milk production and lactation. The other biological activities are also discussed.
Mechanical performance study of high flexibility arrow-shaped concave arc bottoms negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb structure
Authors: Ding Shuangjiang  , Song Leipeng  , Wang Taoxi  , Shen Xing
Published: October 2024

A novel negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb structure with arrow-shaped concave arc bottoms was presented in this paper. The analytical formulas for the equivalent elastic modulus, equivalent Poisson's ratio, and equivalent density were derived based on the theory of the Timoshenko beam under small static deformations and verified by experiments and finite element simulations. Comparative analysis with common negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb structures revealed that the arrow-shaped concave arc bottom structure exhibits superior deformability under load. Experimental results showed that the elastic modulus of the structure is only 5.34% of that of the classical concave hexagonal structure. Furthermore, a parametric analysis systematically investigated the influence of geometric parameters on the structural in-plane equivalent mechanical properties, which can provide some guidance for the parameter design of the honeycomb structure in practical application.
Unveiling the socioeconomic predictors of tobacco use in women: Evidence from NFHS-5
Authors: Beauty Rani  , Nanthini Subbiah
Published: October 2024

Introduction- Approximately 8 million deaths globally are linked to tobacco use with the bulk of these deaths occurring in countries with low- and middle-income. In these regions deaths tolls from tobacco is projected to rise to 10 million by 2030. There are about 1 million adult deaths in India each year due to it, with women being predominantly vulnerable because of the effects on their reproductive and child health. Methodology - This research employs data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), a cross-sectional survey carried out throughout India. The sample comprised 724,115 women aged 15 and older. The analysis assessed the prevalence of both smoking and non-smoking (smokeless) forms of tobacco. Demographic factors, including aspects such as age, educational attainment, caste, and wealth index, were analyzed using SPSS, and logistic regression was applied to identify significant associations between them. Results - In the overall findings, 4% of the total women surveyed indicated use of some type of tobacco, with smokeless products such as Gutkha and Khaini being the most prevalent. Tobacco consumption was seen significantly lower after Multivariate analysis among less educated women, followed Christianity, and those belonging to the poorest wealth quintiles. Conclusion- Indian Women’s Tobacco consumption is highly associated with socioeconomic predictors. Educational status, rural residence, and caste disparities play a vital role. For tobacco use reduction among women in India to be effective, targeted initiatives that emphasize education and rural populations are needed.
Perencanaan Breakwater di Pantai Binuangeun Desa Muara, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten
Authors: Ahmad Nabil Wahyu Faraby  , Rudi Siap Bintoro  , Viv Djanat Prasita
Published: October 2024

Pantai Binuangeun yang terletak pada sisi timur Tanjung Panto menghadapi permasalahan serius akibat abrasi yang dipicu oleh gelombang laut. Masalah ini menjadi lebih kompleks karena kurangnya infrastruktur pengamanan, seperti breakwater, yang dapat mengurangi dampak abrasi. Akibat dari abrasi ini adalah perubahan yang berkelanjutan pada garis pantai. Kabupaten Lebak, khususnya Desa Muara, yang terletak di bagian selatan Banten, menjadi salah satu daerah yang sangat terpengaruh oleh perubahan garis pantai ini. Maka perlu dilakukan tindakan pengamanan pantai yang efektif, terutama di Pantai Binuangeun. Salah satu solusi yang tengah dipertimbangkan adalah penggunaan breakwater, yang dapat membantu mengurangi dampak gelombang laut yang merusak.  Sebuah analisis mendalam perlu dilakukan. Analisis ini melibatkan pemodelan posisi breakwater dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Mike 21. Hasil Analisis menunjukkan setelah dibangun Breakwater ini mampu meredam tinggi gelombang pada saat musim timur dengan pasang tertinggi yaitu dari 2.3 m menjadi 1.3 m. dan pada musim barat mampu meredam tinggi gelombang 2.4 m menjadi 1.4 m adapun arah fetch efektif yaitu pada arah tenggara, dan kemudian analisis desain Breakwater setelah perhitungan mencapai 11 m yang di tempatkan pada kedalaman -6 m.
On Quasi-Proper Names
Authors: Capone Alessandro
Published: October 2024

In this paper, I shall deal with quasi-(proper) names, that is expressions like ‘Mum’, ‘Dad’, ‘Grandpa’, ‘Grandma’ in English or ‘Papà’, ‘Mamma’, ‘Nonna’, ‘Nonno’ in Italian. My aim is to describe their uses and to throw further light on the theory of proper names. My view is that quasi-names are even more directly referential than proper names, as they stress continuity in the reference to a certain person. While proper names are always contextual, in so far as the context can select the referent in question (e.g. through salience), a quasi-name guarantees semantic continuity in that the referent is normally anchored to the speaker.
Alternativas de reemplazo esofágico: revisión de tema
Authors: Junca-Burgos Edgar Germán , Navarro-Téllez Sebastián Felipe , Danies-Díaz Gelca Patricia , Rincón-Ramírez Juan José
Published: October 2024

Introducción. Posterior a una esofagectomía parcial o total, el reemplazo del esófago representa un reto para los cirujanos. La selección del sustituto dependerá de diferentes factores, tanto del paciente como del cirujano. Las alternativas disponibles son el estómago, segmentos del colon, el yeyuno supercargado o colgajos libres miocutáneos.
Métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en las bases de datos de Medline, Embase y Lilacs, utilizando las palabras claves descritas y aplicando una técnica en bola de nieve, y se seleccionaron los artículos más relevantes.
Resultados. El órgano seleccionado debe asegurar una adecuada red vascular, mantener la función deglutoria y tener los menores riesgos posibles. Cada sustituto tiene ventajas particulares, pero todos generan complicaciones a corto y largo plazo. El estómago es el más frecuentemente usado, sin embargo, el reflujo gastroesofágico y la gastroparesia pueden presentarse en un número importante de pacientes. El colon requiere diversos estudios preoperatorios y cada segmento tiene sus características particulares para el ascenso; a largo plazo puede alargarse, tornarse dilatado y tortuoso, afectando la calidad de vida. El yeyuno supercargado permite un adecuado ascenso sin tensión, pero implica una técnica quirúrgica más compleja.
Conclusiones. El tubo gástrico es la primera opción, por su menor complejidad técnica y buenos desenlaces. De no estar disponible, se cuenta como alternativas con los diferentes segmentos del colon, el yeyuno supercargado o los colgajos musculocutáneos. Las complicaciones asociadas a estos procedimientos no son despreciables, por lo que se debe tener muy en cuenta la experiencia del grupo quirúrgico.
Prevalência de bruxismo do sono e aspectos psicológicos do período pós-pandemia em estudantes universitários da área da saúde
Authors: Santanna Raíssa Wellen Celestino de , Barbirato Vanessa Cristina Ament , Avila Julya Helena Araújo de , Silva Tafnes Pereira da , Vedovello Silvia Amélia Scudeler , Valdrighi Heloísa Cristina
Published: October 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência do bruxismo do sono e aspectos psicológicos do pós-pandemia nos estudantes da área da saúde. Estudo epidemiológico transversal realizado com 322 estudantes da área da saúde, de ambos os sexos, que responderam a um questionário online sobre estresse psicológico, situação da saúde psicológica, medo da COVID-19, ansiedade em relação ao coronavírus e bruxismo do sono. Para a análise dos dados, realizou-se a distribuição de frequência segundo as variáveis do estudo. Os resultados revelaram que 54% dos estudantes avaliados apresentaram bruxismo do sono. No decorrer da pandemia, 47% relataram ter contraído a COVID-19 e 98% receberam as duas doses da vacina. Adicionalmente, 30% relataram sentir receio em retomar às atividades normais após o término da pandemia e 70% não manifestaram esse receio. Não foram identificados sintomas de transtorno de ansiedade generalizada em 53% dos participantes, tampouco para depressão em 54%. concluiu-se, portanto, que os estudantes universitários apresentaram uma alta prevalência de bruxismo do sono, não exibindo sintomas de transtorno de ansiedade ou depressão.
SISTEM PRESIDENSIL DAN KEBANGKITAN NEO-OTORITARIANISME
Authors: Dramanda Wicaksana , Kabir Syahrul Fauzul , Zakiran Asep Hakim
Published: October 2024

Artikel ini mencoba mengidentifikasi bagaimana peran desain sistem pemerintahan memberikan pengaruh terhadap pembusukan demokrasi dan kebangkitan otoritariansme di Indonesia.Terdapat dua identifikasi masalah yang akan coba dijawab, yakni Pertama, apakah desain sistem presidensil di dalam UUD 1945 memiliki pengaruh terhadap kemerosotan demokrasi dan kebangkitan otoritarianisme? Kedua, bagaimana aktor politik memanfaatkan celah di dalam sistem presidensil, untuk melemahkan demokrasi dan membangkitkan otoritarianisme? Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis, yang memadukan pendekatan doktriner dengan pendekatan empiris. Artikel ini berhasil menyimpulkan bahwa desain sistem presidensil di dalam UUD 1945 pasca perubahan, gagal mencegah otoritarianisme untuk bangkit, akibat lemahnya pembatasan kekuasan presiden di level politik formal yang mengakibatkan pemusatan kekuasaan di tangan presiden. Di level informal, UUD 1945 gagal menghadirkan partai politik sebagai salah satu pranata demokrasi yang demokratis. Artikel ini juga berhasil mengidentifikasi penggunaan instrumen hukum untuk melemahkan demokrasi yang sekaligus memicu kebangkitan otoritarianisme oleh para aktor politik.
Judicial Activism: Diantara Melindungi Supremasi Konstitusional Atau Transisi Menuju Juristocracy
Authors: Sundariwati Ni Luh Dewi
Published: October 2024

Mahkamah Konstitusi kerap kali dilibatkan sebagai forum untuk memutuskan permasalahan yang murni bersifat politis Persinggungan antara tingginya pertaruhan politik dan dilema moral substantif mengakibatkan diragukannya eksistensi nilai demokratis dalam proses judicial review. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh keterlibatan pengadilan dalam memutus isu-isu sensitif di luar batas kewenangannya terhadap marwah demokrasi. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitan yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekuasaan kehakiman telah memainkan peranan penting dalam mempengaruhi perubahan suatu kebijakan dan reaksi politis yang lebih besar. Bahkan pengadilan yang dipercayakan menjalankan kekuasaan judicial review dituduh telah mengatasnamakan konstitusi untuk memajukan kepentingan elit tertentu. Hal tersebut tidak dapat dipahami secara terpisah dengan kepatuhan terhadap preferensi ideologi pribadi, pertimbangan kolegial, opini publik, dan pertimbangan strategis dalam menghadapi lembaga negara lainnya. Runtuhnya inti demokrasi dengan intervensi pengadilan yang berlebih menjadi akar bagi lahirnya rezim juristocracy yang akan menundukkan kekuatan demokrasi yang memiliki legitimasi elektoral.
Diet, Economic Development and Climate Change
Authors: Corrêa-Dias Lucas , Norris Jordan J , Pellegrina Heitor
Published: October 2024

We study the impact of economic development on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from agriculture. We document the environmental implications of two agricultural transformations linked to economic development. First, a shift in consumer demand to food products with higher GHG emissions. Second, the adoption of modern, input-intensive technologies with high levels of GHG emissions. We incorporate these mechanisms in a quantitative, trade model by featuring different income elasticities of demand across food products, and multiple agricultural technologies for production across grid-cells covering the surface of the Earth, with food products and technologies being heterogeneous in their GHG emission intensity. Using the model's open economy structure, we prove that the income elasticities are identified without price data. We conduct a host of policy counterfactuals related to economic growth, trade policies, and sustainable diets. The GHG emissions from economic growth is understated by more than one third if diet and technology changes are shut down, and overstated by one hundred percent if global food supply readjustments are ignored.
Bug Bounty Programs: Their Role in Improving Web Application Security
Authors: Thandar Zishan Ahamed
Published: October 2024

The rapid growth of web applications has significantly expanded the attack surface for cyber threats. Traditional security measures are often insufficient to combat the evolving strategies of malicious actors. In this context, bug bounty programs have emerged as an essential approach to improving web application security. These programs leverage the collective intelligence of ethical hackers to identify and address security vulnerabilities before they can be exploited by adversaries. This journal explores the role of bug bounty programs in enhancing the security posture of web applications, analyzing their benefits, challenges, and the future outlook for both organizations and researchers.
Global evidence on the relationship between extreme weather events and support for climate policies
Authors: Cologna Viktoria , Meiler Simona , Kropf Chahan M. , Lüthi Samuel , Mede Niels G. , Bresch David N. , Lecuona Oscar , Berger Sebastian , Besley John C. , Brick Cameron , Joubert Marina , Maibach Edward , Oreskes Naomi , Schäfer Mike S. , Linden Sander van der
Published: October 2024

Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change. This might affect support for climate policies, especially if more people attribute these events to climate change. Yet little is known about whether actual impacts of extreme events and subjective attribution of these events to climate change influence climate policy support, especially in the Global South. Combining large-scale natural and social science data, we develop a measure of actual impacts of extreme weather events on population and investigate whether actual impacts and subjective attribution of these events to climate change relate to climate policy support in 68 countries (N = 71,922). Globally, most people support climate policies and link extreme weather events to climate change. We find that subjective attribution is associated with policy support, whereas actual impacts are mostly not. Our results suggest that demonstrating the link between extreme weather events and climate change likely increases policy support.
Defusing Political Animosity in the United States with a Cooperative Online Quiz Game
Authors: Woodley Lucas , D Evan , Ravi Shankar , Greene Joshua D.
Published: October 2024

Rising political animosity threatens democracy in the United States and other nations.Prior research indicates that intergroup contact under favorable conditions can reduce intergroupanimosity. Other research indicates that mutually beneficial cooperation is essential for creatingand stabilizing complex social structures. Building on these ideas, we asked whether mutuallybeneficial cooperation can reduce animosity between members of opposing political parties andwhether this is possible in an anonymous online context. We designed and deployed an onlinequiz game in which Republicans and Democrats play as partners while communicating in realtime. Across five experiments (N=4,493, 4 pre-registered), we find that an hour of interactivegameplay with an outparty partner can reduce negative partisanship, with increased self-reportedwarmth, more equitable economic allocations, and more favorable outparty meta-perceptionspersisting in some cases for four months. Gameplay also influences democracy-related attitudeswith effects persisting for one week. The game receives high enjoyability ratings, which mayincrease motivation to engage with this intervention.
Becoming an Ovambo Adult: Growing into Agentic Communalism in Africa
Authors: Uugwanga Selma Ndatimpililwa , Thalmayer Amber Gayle , Naude Luzelle
Published: October 2024

What does it take to become an adult in Africa? Lifespan development literature includes little exploration on this transition outside Western countries. A qualitative approach was used to identify locally-relevant topics and variables in an understudied African context. Fifty 18 to 25-year-old Ovambo Namibians from rural and urban areas were interviewed. Results of reflexive thematic analysis suggest the significance of gender and birth order in defining adult roles, and completing education as a new rite of passage. Full adult personhood means providing for and engaging with a larger community as well as one’s children and extended family, reflecting the ongoing relevance of African communalism in today’s society. Youth in Namibia, likely in sub-Saharan Africa more broadly, balance traditional and contemporary demands as they come of age in a post-independence, globalizing society. Our findings reflect the centrality of community and the intermingled nature of agentic and communal values in this process.
Restoring Electoral Confidence: Different Cues for Strong and Weak Partisans
Authors: Woodley Lucas , Greene Joshua D.
Published: October 2024

Since the 2020 presidential race and allegations of voter fraud, distrust in U.S. elections has continued to rise, particularly among Republicans, with only one-third believing that the 2024 election will be honest and open. Such widespread distrust poses substantial risks for the future of American democracy. Yet, it remains unclear how electoral confidence can be restored. In two pre-registered experiments (N = 1,292), we test three potential pathways: (1) exposure to Republican politicians reaffirming the legitimacy of the 2020 election (i.e., elite in-party cues), (2) receiving information about non-elite Republicans' beliefs regarding the 2020 election (i.e., non-elite in-party cues), and (3) combined exposure to elite and non-elite in-party cues. We find that combined exposure to elite and non-elite in-party cues, as well as sole exposure to elite in-party cues, increases future election trust and perceived legitimacy of the 2020 election among Republicans. However, there exists significant heterogeneity between self-identified strong and moderate Republicans. Among strong Republicans, sole exposure to elite cues increased future election trust and perceived legitimacy of the 2020 election. Yet, combined elite and non-elite cues yield non-significant effects on future election trust and weak, inconsistent effects on perceived legitimacy of the 2020 election. Conversely, among moderate Republicans, only combined elite and non-elite cues consistently increase future election trust and perceived legitimacy of the 2020 election. These results demonstrate the importance of tailoring efforts to restore election support for different populations.
Causal Effects of Social Media Use on Self-esteem, Mindfulness, Sleep and Emotional Well-being: A Social Media Restriction Study
Authors: Maerevoet Matthias , Van de Casteele Marlies , Van de Putte Eowyn , Debeer Dries , Hoorelbeke Kristof , Vansteenkiste Maarten , Koster Ernst H. W.
Published: October 2024

The question of whether social media use (SMU) has a causal influence on mental health sparks a lot of interest. Empirical research to date shows no consensus on the causal effects of SMU on well-being. Therefore, the present study assessed if experimentally induced restrictions in SMU led to improvements in well-being outcomes using a combination of self-report and passive sensing data. After a two week baseline phase, participants (M age = 21.42 years) were randomly assigned to an experimental (N = 35) or a passive control (N = 32) condition. Participants in the experimental condition were asked to limit their SMU to a maximum of 30 minutes (divided across their preferred apps) per day for two consecutive weeks, while participants in the control condition were instructed to continue their SMU as usual. After the intervention phase, participants in both conditions were followed up for two weeks during which all restrictions were removed. During the experiment, we monitored self-esteem, mindfulness, sleep, and emotional well-being. Results indicate a main effect of time for most outcomes, but induced SMU restriction did not moderate these effects. In conclusion, this study found no benefits from a temporary social media reduction on mental health.
The effect of seeing scientists as intellectually humble on trust in scientists and their research
Authors: Koetke Jonah , Schumann Karina , Bowes Shauna Marie , Vaupotič Nina
Published: October 2024

Public trust in scientists is critical to our ability to face societal threats. Across five preregistered studies (N=2,034), we assessed whether perceptions of scientists’ intellectual humility affect perceived trustworthiness of scientists and their research. In Study 1, we found that seeing scientists as higher in intellectual humility was associated with greater perceived trustworthiness of scientists and support for science-based beliefs. We then demonstrated that describing a scientist as high (vs. low) in intellectual humility increased perceived trustworthiness of the scientist (Studies 2-4), belief in their research (Studies 2-4), intentions to follow their research-based recommendations (Study 3), and information-seeking behavior (Study 4). We further demonstrated that these effects were not moderated by the scientist’s gender (Study 3) or race/ethnicity (Study 4). In Study 5, we experimentally tested communication approaches scientists can use to convey intellectual humility. These studies reveal the benefits of seeing scientists as intellectually humble across medical, psychological, and climate science topics.
High-Risk Bias Crisis in Hypnotherapy Clinical Research: A Commentary on Ramondo et al.
Authors: Souza Filipe Luis , de Mattos Bernardo Paim
Published: October 2024

This commentary critically evaluates the randomized controlled trial “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Hypnosis in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder” by Ramondo et al. (2024), highlighting significant methodological concerns that undermine the study’s conclusions. Key issues include the lack of allocation concealment, with the lead clinician involved in both patient assignment and treatment, raising the risk of performance bias. Additionally, the study’s approach to handling missing data assumes data, potentially compromising the validity of the intention-to-treat analysis. Finally, fidelity assessments were conducted retrospectively by a single research assistant, with no real-time monitoring, raising concerns about protocol adherence. These methodological shortcomings limit the reliability of the study’s findings and emphasize the need for greater rigor in future hypnotherapy research for Major Depressive Disorder.
The association and aetiological overlap between subsyndromal hypomania, psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions and symptoms: a twin study
Authors: Hosang Georgina , Martini Miriam Ilse , Ronald Angelica , Larsson Henrik , Lundstrom Sebastian , Lichtenstein Paul , Taylor Mark
Published: October 2024

Background: Subsyndromal hypomanic symptoms are fairly common in the general population but are linked to psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions. However, the genetic and environmental origins of these associations are unclear. This twin study examined the phenotypic and aetiological associations between subsyndromal hypomania with psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions and related symptoms (e.g., self-harm).Methods: Participants were 4,932 twin pairs from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. Hypomanic symptoms were assessed using the parent-rated Mood Disorders Questionnaire when the twins were aged 18. Specialist diagnoses of 14 conditions and symptoms were ascertained from Swedish population registries. Phenotypic associations between hypomania and these conditions/symptoms were investigated and their aetiological overlap examined using the twin method.Outcomes/findings: Subsyndromal hypomanic symptoms were significantly associated with the diagnosis of all 14 conditions/symptoms. The highest odds was for psychotic disorders (odds ratio [OR]=1·48, 95% confidence intervals [CI]=1·33-1·64, p<0·001) and the lowest was for eating disorders (other than anorexia) (OR=1·15, 95% CI 1·08-1·22, p<0·001). The genetic correlations between subsyndromal hypomania and these diagnoses ranged from 0·12 (95% CI 0·04-0·33) for eating disorders (other than anorexia) to 0·58 (95% CI 0·28-1·00) for drug misuse. The highest non-shared environmental correlation was for psychotic disorders (0·52, 95% CI -0·02-0·92) and lowest was for body dissatisfaction (0·04, 95% CI -0·01-0·08). For bipolar disorder, psychotic disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity/Disorder, genetic and non-shared environmental correlations with subsyndromal hypomania were of a similar magnitude.Interpretation: The association between subsyndromal hypomania and the diagnosis of multiple psychiatric phenotypes highlights its important role in the developmental pathway to clinical disorders, its complex origins and that it may represent a quantitative trait for bipolar disorder, and various psychiatric phenotypes.
Envisaging the Unobserved: a Stochastic Actor-Oriented Model for Systems of Overlapping Subgroups
Authors: Zaretckii Stepan , Snijders Tom , Steglich Christian , van Duijn Marijtje
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a novel statistical framework for modeling cohesive subgroups in cross-sectional network data, adhering to prior ideas about the mean and variance of the number of actors per subgroup and subgroups per actor. Subgroups emerge from actors' membership decisions, with cohesion driven by their preference to co-member with network contacts. A stationary two-mode Stochastic Actor-Oriented Model is specified to obtain the distribution of memberships in subgroups. The model is estimated using the Method of Moments, with target statistics derived from the prior ideas. As a showcase, we model unobserved peer groups in a friendship network. The results indicate that actors form cohesive subgroups of varying composition, characterized by denser overlaps under preference for multiple memberships with network contacts.
Permasalahan Sampah di Lingkungan Pantai Terhadap Kunjungan Kapal Pesiar Ke Pulau Lombok
Authors: Anggratyas Putu Arya Reksa
Published: October 2024

Lingkungan pantai merupakan suatu kawasan perairan yang didalamnya berisikan keanekaragaman hayati dan memiliki berbagai manfaat bagi masyarakat yang hidupdisekitaran lingkungan pantai. Lombok sebagai destinasi wisata memiliki beragamkeindahan alam, biota laut dan hayati serta budaya. Namun kondisi ini sangat tidaksesuai dengan kenyataan. Keindahan pulau Lombok ternodai dengan keberadaansampah yang tidak dibuang pada tempatnya. Artikel ini melalui teori-teori yang adaberusaha mengungkapkan bagaimana sampah menjadi masalah di pantai pantai diseputaran pulau Lombok, dan melihat bagaimana sampah tersebut ditangani olehpemerintah.
IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI SITUS WARISAN BUDAYA (HERITAGE TOURISM) SEBAGAI DAYA TARIK WISATA DI KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Anggratyas Putu Arya Reksa
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi situs warisan budaya di Kota Mataram sebagai daya tarikwisata. Pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif digunakan untuk mengungkap potensi wisata yang terdapat di kota ini.Potensi warisan budaya di Kota Mataram dipetakan menjadi tiga kategori utama: potensi wisata pura, potensiwarisan budaya makam, dan potensi warisan budaya tempat bersejarah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KotaMataram memiliki berbagai situs warisan budaya yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai destinasi wisata unggulan.Potensi wisata pura diwakili oleh Pura Meru dan Taman Mayura yang memiliki nilai sejarah dan arsitektur unik.Potensi warisan budaya makam mencakup Makam Loang Baloq dan Makam Jenderal Mayor P.P.H. Van Hamyang memiliki nilai sejarah dan religius tinggi. Sementara itu, potensi warisan budaya tempat bersejarah termasukKota Tua Ampenan dan Museum Negeri Nusa Tenggara Barat yang mencerminkan perkembangan sejarah danbudaya di Kota Mataram. Identifikasi potensi ini menunjukkan bahwa warisan budaya di Kota Mataram memilikidaya tarik yang kuat dan beragam, yang dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk meningkatkan sektor pariwisatakota ini.
Responding to What? Reformulated Questions and Useful Answers at the Court of Justice
Authors: Zurita Lucía López
Published: October 2024

The Court of Justice frequently redrafts the questions submitted to it by the national courts in the context of the preliminary reference procedure. The practice is known as reformulation, and oftentimes determines a change to the substance of the question, which is referred to in this article as substantial reformulation. The Court justifies its use in the need to provide a useful answer to the national court. This article empirically investigates how the Court uses the submissions of the parties and other materials in the case to substantially reformulate. To do so, it builds a framework of analysis to observe the possible influence of the parties in the changes to the dispute and the justifications used by the Court. The analysis relies on a unique dataset of 380 hand-coded preliminary rulings on interpretation.The findings confirm that substantive reformulation at the Court is frequent and significant. In reformulating the dispute, the Court draws on the materials submitted by the parties, and their influence can be traced to the questions actually replied to by the Court. Yet, the influence of the parties in setting the boundaries of the dispute must not be overstated, as it remains fully within the Court’s control when to reformulate and which materials to use to do so. Furthermore, it is difficult to identify patterns in the Court’s use of substantial reformulation. Providing a sufficient answer is a convenient excuse, but it does not seem to fully explain the findings of the article. The article explores other possible explanations for the increasingly frequent revert to reformulation.
The Use of Simulation as a Component of Clinical Education in Health Professional Entry to Practice Programs
Authors: Coleman Jaimie , Dhir Jasdeep , Kobylianski Julia , Coughlan Lindsey , Law Melanie , Pereira Daphne , Beavers Lindsay
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Finding sufficient physiotherapy clinical placement opportunities to meet clinical education requirements has been an ongoing challenge for Canadian Physiotherapy programs. Simulation may offer viable alternatives to traditional models. The objective of the scoping review is to describe the current use and design of simulation as a component of clinical education to develop competencies in health professional programs.

Methods:

This scoping review followed the JBI scoping review methodology. Five databases were searched, MEDLINE, CINHAL, EMBASE, ERIC, and SportDiscus using variants of the search terms health professions education, simulation, and competency. Independent reviewers applied inclusion criteria in two stages: the abstract and title screen and the full-text review. Data was charted and analysed according to objectives.

Results:

Thirty studies were included in the review. There was large variability in the implementation of simulation, including level of learner, length of the simulation, competency, and simulation design. Most studies ( n = 25) evaluated the inclusion of simulation within clinical education or compared simulation to traditional clinical education experiences. Seven studies compared different simulation designs to replace clinical education time.

Conclusions:

The variety of simulation experiences described and being implemented provides programs with the flexibility to design simulation according to needs and resources. Rigorous research is recommended to contribute to an understanding of the most effective simulation design.
S3.C3 Contexto sociohistórico
Authors: Herrera Lima Susana
Published: October 2024

La breve recuperación histórica de la problemática de la región que aquí se presenta tiene el objetivo de contribuir a la comprensión de la gestación de la actual situación, particularmente en lo relativo a la dinámica socioeconómica y política. Para comprender cabalmente el largo proceso de transformación del sistema hidrológico de la cuenca Lerma–Chapala y los impactos que ha tenido en las prácticas sociales y en la calidad de vida de las poblaciones que habitan en sus márgenes se han consultado trabajos de historiadores especialistas en la región; son indispensables los trabajos de Brigitte Boehm Schoendube, Carmen Pedroza y Juan Manuel Catalán, Francisco Covarrubias, Guadalupe Cruz y Alejandra Ojeda, Adriana Hernández–García y Adriana Sandoval Moreno, entre otras fuentes consultadas. Se recomienda su consulta y lectura directa para tener un panorama amplio y detallado de la larga travesía de despojo y depredación que ha configurado el paisaje actual en la región del lago de Chapala.
High Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Refractory Alloys with Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Bell Samuel B. W. , Pint Bruce A. , Ridley Mackenzie J. , Dryepondt Sebastien N.
Published: October 2024

Gas turbine efficiency is typically limited by the maximum allowable temperature for components at the inlet side and in the hot gas flow. Refractory alloys and SiC/SiC ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are promising candidates for advancing operating temperatures beyond those of Ni-based alloys (>1200 °C). Refractory alloys are more suitable than SiC/SiC CMCs for dynamic components, due to the latter's low toughness and ductility. However, it is well known that refractory alloys suffer from poor oxidation behavior under service lifetimes and conditions, leading to embrittlement concerns. The ARPA-E ULTIMATE program has set out to combine new alloys with advanced coatings to mitigate oxidation/embrittlement effects, while increasing the mechanical performance benefits of refractory materials. Low oxygen (inert gas) or vacuum systems are needed to assess high temperature mechanical performance of developed alloys. To investigate the environmental sensitivity of candidate alloys and develop high temperature testing capabilities, four argon tensile frames were upgraded as well as a single vacuum system at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Digital image correlation was incorporated into the vacuum frame allowing for surface strain determination and refined insight into thermomechanical response. Creep testing was performed at 1300 °C on two alloys, C-103 and MHC in vacuum and high purity argon environments. The Mo-based alloy showed less sensitivity to oxygen, indicating that testing in well-controlled argon environments may be suitable. The C-103 alloy demonstrated a stronger sensitivity to oxygen in the well-controlled argon environment, illustrating the need for the developed vacuum testing capabilities. “Small” 25 mm and “large” 76 mm MHC specimens showed comparable results in terms of strain rate during creep testing and ultimate tensile strength during tensile testing, suggesting the viability of smaller geometries that use less material of advanced developmental alloys.
Creep Cavitation Imaging and Analysis in 9%Cr-1%Mo P91 Steels
Authors: Galliopoulou Eirini C. , Jones Christopher , Coghlan Lawrence , Zimina Mariia , Martin Tomas L. , Flewitt Peter E. J. , Cocks Alan , Siefert John , Parker Jonathan D.
Published: October 2024

The current research adopts a novel approach by integrating correlative microscopy and machine learning in order to study creep cavitation in an ex-service 9%Cr 1%Mo Grade 91 ferritic steel. This method allows for a detailed investigation of the early stages of the creep life, enabling identification of features most prone to damage such as precipitates and the ferritic crystal structure. The microscopy techniques encompass Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging and Electron Back-scattered Diffraction (EBSD) imaging, providing insights into the two-dimensional distribution of cavitation. A methodology for acquiring and analysing serial sectioning data employing a Plasma Focused Ion Beam (PFIB) microscope is outlined, complemented by 3D reconstruction of backscattered electron (BSE) images. Subsequently, cavity and precipitate segmentation was performed with the use of the image recognition software, DragonFly and the results were combined with the 3D reconstruction of the material microstructure, elucidating the decoration of grain boundaries with precipitation, as well as the high correlation of precipitates and grain boundaries with the initiation of creep cavitation. Comparison between the 2D and 3D results is discussed.
Final Results of the U.S. Advanced Ultra-Supercritical Component Test Project for 760°C Steam Conditions
Authors: Hack Horst , Purgert Robert
Published: October 2024

A United States-based consortium has successfully completed the Advanced Ultra-Supercritical Component Test (A-USC ComTest) project, building upon a 15-year materials development effort for coal-fired power plants operating at steam temperatures up to 760°C. The $27 million project, primarily funded by the U.S. Department of Energy and Ohio Coal Development Office between 2015 and 2023, focused on validating the manufacture of commercial-scale components for an 800 megawatt power plant operating at 760°C and 238 bar steam conditions. The project scope encompassed fabrication of full-scale components including superheater/reheater assemblies, furnace membrane walls, steam turbine components, and high-temperature transfer piping, utilizing nickel-based alloys such as Inconel 740H and Haynes 282 for high-temperature sections. Additionally, the team conducted testing to secure ASME Code Stamp approval for nickel-based alloy pressure relief valves. This comprehensive effort successfully established technical readiness for commercial-scale A-USC demonstration plants while developing a U.S.-based supply chain and providing more accurate cost estimates for future installations.