bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL IONS AND AMIDES. PART 7. APICAL INTERACTIONS IN COPPER(II) COMPLEXES. STABILITY AND STRUCTURE OF THE BINARY AND TERNARY COPPER(II) COMPLEXES FORMED WITH L‐ALANINAMIDE AND DIETHYLENETRIAMINE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: GAMPP H. , SIGEL H. , ZUBERBUEHLER A. D. +
Published: April 2016

Mittels potentiometrischer pH‐Titrationen werden die Stabilitätskonstanten der sich in wäßriger Lösung aus den entsprechenden Systemen bildenden binären und ternären Komplexe (I)‐(VIII) bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: DIASTEREOSELECTIVE ALDOL CONDENSATIONS OF TIN ENOLATES WITH ALDEHYDES
Authors: SHENVI S. , STILLE J. K.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Trialkylstannyl‐enolethern (I) entstehen mit den Aldehyden (II) diastereomere Addukte (III) und (IV), deren Anteile in Relation zu den Bedingungen bestimmt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS. 153. A NOVEL AMINOMETHYLATION OF SILYL ENOL ETHERS WITH AMINOMETHYL ETHERS CATALYZED BY IODOTRIMETHYLSILANE OR TRIMETHYLSILYL TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATE
Authors: HOSOMI A. , IIJIMA S. , SAKURAI H.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Kondensation mit (II) erhält man aus den Enolsilylethern (I) in Gegenwart von Trimethylsilyliodid oder Trimethylsilyltriflat die aminomethylierten Ketone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: OLEFIN CYCLIZATIONS OF HINDERED α‐ACYLIMINIUM IONS
Authors: WIJNBERG B. P. , SPECKAMP W. N. , OOSTVEEN A. R. C.
Published: April 2016

Stereokontrollierte säurekatalysierte Na‐boranat‐Reduktion der nach bekannten Methoden aus dem Imid (I) zugänglichen Alkenylderivate (II) führt zu den sek. Hydroxylactamen (IIIa)‐(IIIc) ; mit Methyl‐MgCl werden aus (II) tertiäre Hydroxylactame (IIId)‐(IIIf) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRON TRANSFER. 53. RESPONSE OF INNER‐SPHERE REACTIONS TO VARIATION IN CHARGE ON THE OXIDANT
Authors: SRINIVASAN V. S. , SINGH A. N. , RADLOWSKI C. A. , GOULD E. S.
Published: April 2016

Die spezifischen Geschwindigkeiten der Reduktion einer Reihe von di‐ und tripositiven Pentammincobalt(III)‐Komplexen (I) mit gesättigten, verzweigtkettigen Carboxylatliganden mittels Cr", V" und Eu" sowie der Riboflavin‐ Verbindung (II) werden miteinander verglichen.
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVE CLEAVAGE OF ETHERS BY SODIUM IODIDE AND ACYL CHLORIDE
Authors: OKU A. , HARADA T. , KITA K.
Published: April 2016

In Gegenwart von NaJ reagiert Tetrahydrofuran (I) mit den Säurechloriden (II) unter milden Bedingungen zu den w‐Iodbutyl‐estern (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A DIANIONIC OXY‐COPE REARRANGEMENT ROUTE TO BENZOTROPONES. PART XII
Authors: GEETHA P. , HUQ C. A. M. A. , RAJAGOPALAN K. , SWAMINATHAN S.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Chinonen (I) entstehen mit Na‐acetylid die Bis‐ethinyl‐diole (II), die selektiv zu den Bis‐vinyl‐diolen (III) hydriert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF CYCLOBUTENEDIONES. LXII. 3‐(α‐BROMOALKYL)‐4‐PHENYLCYCLOBUTENE‐1,2‐DIONES
Authors: RIED W. , VOGL M. , KNORR H.
Published: April 2016

Die Cyclobutendione (I) werden in die Monobromide (II) übergeführt, die mit C‐, 0‐ und S‐Nucleophilen zu den Substitutionsprodukten (IIIa)‐(IIIh) reagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CYCLOPENTA(C,D)PYRENE VIA A HIGH YIELD ONE‐STEP PREPARATION OF PYREN‐4‐YLACETIC ACID FROM PYRENE
Authors: TINTEL K. , LUGTENBURG J. , CORNELISSE J.
Published: April 2016

Pyren (I) wird in das Dianion übergeführt, dessen Umsetzung mit dem Natriumsalz von Iodessigsäure zu einem Gemisch aus Pyrenylessigsäure (II) und der Dihydroverbindung (III) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: VINYLIC CARBANIONS IN SYNTHESIS. NOVEL SYNTHESES OF ISO‐GREGATIN B, ISO‐ASPERTETRONIN A, AND RELATED O‐METHYL TETRONIC ACIDS
Authors: CLEMO N. G. , PATTENDEN G.
Published: April 2016

β‐Methoxy‐acrylsäureester (I) liefert mit Lithiumdiisopropylamid das Anion (II)‐,das mit dem ungesättigten Keton (III) bei niederer Temperatur zur O‐Methyl‐tetronsäure (IV) kondensiert.
ChemInform Abstract: 6‐ALKOXY‐3,4‐DIHYDRO‐2H‐PYRANS FROM SUBSTITUTED α,β‐UNSATURATED ESTERS
Authors: HALL H. K. JUN. , RASOUL H. A. A. , GILLARD M. , ABDELKADER M. , NOGUES P. , SENTMAN R. C.
Published: April 2016

Aus t den Acrylsäureestern (I) entstehen mit elektgonenreichen Olefinen (II) die Dihydropyrane (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Reactions of Trivalent Sulfur Compounds Containing Heterocycles.
Authors: FURUKAWA N. , KAWAI T. , KISHIMOTO K. , OGAWA S. , FUJIHARA H. , OAE S.
Published: April 2016

Die Sulfide und Sulfoxide (I), (II) und (III) werden hergestellt und auf ihre Verwendbarkeit als Phasentransfer‐Katalysatoren untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of β‐Aminocrotonamide with Amino Acid Esters.
Authors: KATAGIRI N. , KOSHIHARA A. , ATSUUMI S. , KATO T.
Published: April 2016

β‐Aminocrotonsäureamid (I) wird mit den acylierten Aminosäureestern (II) zu den Pyrimidonen (III) kondensiert, die mit Pdlyphosphorsäure je nach Temperaturbedingungen die Bicyclen (IV) bzw. (VIII) geben.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF METHYL 3‐(N′‐ALKYLUREIDO)‐2‐METHYL‐2‐PROPENOATES AND THEIR CYCLIZATION TO 3‐ALKYL‐5‐METHYLURACILS
Authors: LEDVINA M. , FARKAS J.
Published: April 2016

Der ungesättigte Ester (I) wird mit den Harnstoffen (II) in Gegenwart von Säure kondensiert, und man erhält die chromatographisch trennbaren Z‐Ureide (III) und die entsprechenden E‐Isomeren (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Activated Thiolactams with Electrophiles.
Authors: TAKAHATA H. , TOMIGUCHI A. , NAKANO M. , YAMAZAKI T.
Published: April 2016

Die cyclischen Keten‐N,S‐ acetale (I) werden mit den Arylisocyanaten (II) zu den Acylierungsprodukten (IV) bzw. den 2:1‐Addukten (III) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIO‐ AND STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF ALLYLSILANES USING (METHYLPHENYLAMINO)TRIBUTYLPHOSPHONIUM IODIDE
Authors: TANIGAWA Y. , FUSE Y. , MURAHASHI S.‐I.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Silyl‐allylalkoholen (I) erhält man nach Über‐ Führung in das Lithiumcuprat die Substitutionsprodukte (II).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF BISPHOSPHORYL COMPOUNDS USED AS COMPLEXING AGENTS
Authors: LADEVEZE G. D. , RODEHUESER L. + , RUBINI P. R. , SELVE C. , DELPUECH J.‐J.
Published: April 2016

Bis‐dimethylamino‐phosphorylchlorid (I) wird mit den Aminen (II) zu den gemischten Amiden (III) kondensiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF BIS(P‐METHOXYPHENYL)TELLURONE
Authors: ENGMAN L. , CAVA M. P.
Published: April 2016

Durch Oxidation des Telluroxids (I) mit Periodat erhält man das Diaryltelluron (II), das mit Hydrazinhydrat zum Diaryltellurid (III) reduziert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: DIALKYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLOROALUMINATE MELTS: A NEW CLASS OF ROOM‐TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS FOR ELECTROCHEMISTRY, SPECTROSCOPY AND SYNTHESIS
Authors: WILKES J. S. , LEVISKY J. A. , WILSON R. A. , HUSSEY C. L.
Published: April 2016

(Ia) und (Ib) wurden durch Kondensation von ClMe bzw. Chlorethan im vierfachen Überschuß in einem Behälter mit 1‐Methylimidazol und Erhitzen (2 d, 75°C) der Mischung dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Some Monomeric Niobium(III) Complexes.
Authors: CLAY M. E. , BROWN T. M.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktion des dimeren Nb‐Komplexes (I) mit Pyridin und substituierten Pyridinen steigender Basizität bewirkte Spaltung der Dimeren und lieferte in guten Ausb. monomere Komplexe (II), die durch Elementaranalyse, IR‐ und EPR‐Daten sowie magnetische Suszeptibilitätsmessungen charakterisiert wurden.
ChemInform Abstract: SUPEREXCHANGE IN COPPER(II) DIMERS. 3. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BINUCLEAR ADDUCTS OF COPPER(II) HALIDES WITH SOME α,β‐DIONE DIOXIMES
Authors: ANDOSEH I. N. , DOUGLAS I. , EGHAREVBA G. O. , MEGNAMISI‐BELOMBE M.
Published: April 2016

Die Um′‐ setzung von Cu(II)‐halogeniden ein nichtwäßrigem Medium mit verschiedenen α,β‐ Diondioximliganden führt zu neuen 1:1‐Addukten, den Di‐p‐halogen‐bis‐[halogendioxim]‐kupfer(II)‐Dimeren (I).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS INVOLVING TRANSITION METALS. PART 15. REACTIONS OF ALKYL‐ AND ACYLPEROXY‐ANIONS WITH (M(CO)(MECN)(PPH3)2)+ (M = IR OR RH)
Authors: BIRD C. , BOOTH B. L. , HASZELDINE R. N.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (I) reagieren mit Peroxycarbonsäuren in Gegenwart von Triethylamin zu den Verbindungen (II), die je nach Metall wie aufgezeigt mit Methyliodid die oxidativen Additionsprodukte (III) bzw. (IV) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETICS OF THE CHELATE EFFECT. RING‐CLOSING REACTIONS OF TRANS‐DICHLOROAMMINE((2‐AMINOETHYL)AMMONIUM)PLATINUM(II) CHLORIDE AND THE (3‐AMINOPROPYL)AMMONIUM AND (4‐AMINOBUTYL)AMMONIUM ANALOGS
Authors: TOBE M. L. , SCHWAB A. P. , ROMEO R.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von den Dichlorodiaminplatinverbindungen werden nach bekannter Methode über die kationischen Diamminderivate bei Reaktion mit HCl die trans‐Titelkomplexe (I) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum(II) Halide Complexes with N‐Methyl O‐Ethylthiocarbarnate.
Authors: FARAGLIA G. , SINDELLARI L. , ZARLI B. , AGNOLETTI I.
Published: April 2016

Die Komplexe (I)‐(IV) wurden aus den Pt‐halogeniden und den Liganden Labhängig von den Lösungsmitteln erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF SOME 1,3,3‐TRIMETHYL‐2‐FORMYLINDOLINIUM N‐METHYL‐N‐4‐METHOXYPHENYLHYDRAZONE SALTS
Authors: STEPANOV B. I. , CHALYKH E. A. , SAZANOVA A. A. , ERSHOVA M. D.
Published: April 2016

Das früher beschriebene N‐Methyl‐N‐(4‐methoxy‐phenyl)‐hydrazon des 1,3,3‐Trimethyl‐2‐formyl‐3H‐indoliummethylsulfates (I), ein Farbstoff von goldgelbem Ton, wird in das Hydrogen ‐ carbonat, das Rhodanid und das Hydroxid übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF DEGLYCO‐BLEOMYCIN A2 AIMING AT THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF BLEOMYCIN
Authors: SAITO S. , UMEZAWA Y. , MORISHIMA H. , TAKITA T. , UMEZAWA H. , NARITA M. , OTSUKA M. , KOBAYASHI S. , OHNO M.
Published: April 2016

Ein verbessertes Verfahren zur Herstellung von Deglyko‐bleomycin A2 dessen Schlüsselschritt in der Reaktion von Thiolestern der (2S,3S,4R)‐Amino‐ 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylpentansäure mit einem Tripeptid besteht und die Zwischenstufe (I) liefert, wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF PROSTAGLANDIN D1 METHYL ESTER AND 9‐EPI‐PROSTAGLANDIN D1 METHYL ESTER
Authors: CAMERON A. G. , HEWSON A. T. , WADSWORTH A. H.
Published: April 2016

Die aus 7‐Iod‐heptansäure zugängliche Ketal‐säure (Ia) kann über das Dithian‐Anion zu (Ib) substituiert und dann zu (II) hydrolysiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF BARIUM COBALT IRON FLUORIDE (BA2COFEF9)
Authors: DE KOZAK A. , LEBLANC M. , SAMOUEL M. , FEREY G. , DE PAPE R.
Published: April 2016

Die für die Strukturfamilie Ba,M(II)M(III)F9 . (M(II): Fe, Co, Ni, Zn; M(III): V, Cr, Fe) repräsentative Titelverbindung kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe P21/n mit Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: SOLID ELECTROLYTE INTERPHASE (SEI) ELECTRODE. PART III. DEPOSITION‐DISSOLUTION PROCESS OF LITHIUM IN THIONYL CHLORIDE SOLUTION
Authors: MEITAV A. , PELED E.
Published: April 2016

Der Abscheidungs‐Au?Ösungs‐Mechanismus von Li an Edelstahl‐ und Ca‐Elektroden in 1 M LiAlCl4‐SOC12‐Lösung wird mit Hilfe galvanostatischer Impuls‐ und Wechselstrommethoden ebenso wie Bildung und Eigenschaften einer Festelektrolytgrenzphase untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF A SERIES OF MIXED ORTHOARSENATES. STUDY OF THEIR DEHYDROGENATING CATALYTIC ACTIVITY
Authors: GUARDIA‐USECHE R. , LENZI J. , LENZI M.
Published: April 2016

Entsprechend den Gleichungen A u. B werden die Doppelarsenate (I) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION OF ELEMENTAL SULFUR TO CARBANIONS AND ITS APPLICATION FOR SYNTHESIS OF ISOPENAMS AND ISOCEPHAMS
Authors: HAKIMELAHI G. H. , UGOLINI A.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Behandlung mit Schwefel werden die β‐Lactam‐Anionen (I) unter intramolekularer sN2‐Substitution der Mesylatgruppe zu den bicyclischen β‐Lactamen (II) kondensiert.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS INVOLVING TRANSITION METALS. XX. A COMPARISON OF THE REACTIONS OF 1,2,3,4,7,7‐HEXAFLUOROBICYCLO(2.2.1)HEPTADIENE, AND 2,3‐BIS(TRIMETHYLTIN)‐ AND 2,3‐DICHLORO‐1,4,5,6,7,7‐HEXAFLUOROBICYCLO(2.2.1)HEPTA‐2,5‐DIENES WITH LOW VALENT TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES
Authors: BOOTH B. L. , CASEY S. , CRITCHLEY R. P. , HASZELDINE R. N.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktionen der Hexafluornorbornadiene (I) mit einer Reihe von Übergangsmetall‐Komplexen wie (II), (IV), (VI), (VIII) und (X) werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ACID‐CATALYZED FORMATION OF DIAZOALKANES. A ONE‐POT TRANSFORMATION OF ALKYLAMINES TO DIAZOALKANES
Authors: BAKKE J. M.
Published: April 2016

Umsetzen der Amine (I) mit NOCl unter Essigsäure‐Katalyse bei ‐75°C führt zu den Diazoalkanen (II); neben (IIa) entstehen Benzylchlorid (16% Ausb.), Benzylalkohol (10%), Benzylacetat (27%) und Dibenzylamin (1%).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES USING SULFONES. XVIII. USE OF 1,1‐DISULFONES FOR THE STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: CUVIGNY T. , HERVE DU PENHOAT C. , JULIA M.
Published: April 2016

Die Alkenyldisulfone (III) (nur E‐Isomere) bzw. (VII) werden durch Kondensation der Aldehyde (I) bzw. (VI) mit den Natriumsalzen der Diarylsulfonylmethane (II) in Gegenwart von Molekülsieben erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: RUTHENIUM HYDRIDE‐CATALYZED DOUBLE BOND MIGRATION OF 2,5‐DIMETHOXY‐2,5‐DIHYDROFURANS. A NEW PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF Γ‐KETO ESTERS
Authors: HIRAI K. , SUZUKI H. , KASHIWAGI H. , MORO‐OKA Y. , IKAWA T.
Published: April 2016

Die Dimethoxydihydrofurane (I) lassen sich mit dem Rutheniumhydrid‐Komplex (II) zu den 2,3‐Dihydrofuranen (III) isomerisieren, die mit Methanol (IV) zum offenkettigen Ketalester (V) reagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF TETRACYCLO(3.3.0.02,4.03,6)OCT‐7‐ENE AND SOME OF ITS DERIVATIVES
Authors: STAPERSMA J. , ROOD I. D. C. , KLUMPP G. W.
Published: April 2016

Die Photolyse der Na‐Salze des Norbornadiens (Ia) bzw. seines Hydrierungsproduktes (Ib) bei niedriger Temp. liefert die gewünschten Tetracyclen (II) sowie neben weiteren Nebenprodukten die Verbindungen (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOMETALLICS DERIVED FROM THIO AMIDES. II. REACTION WITH α‐ENONES
Authors: GOASDOUE C. , GOASDOUE N. , GAUDEMAR M. , MILADENOVA M.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Umsetzung der lithiierten Thioamide (I) mit den ungesättigten Ketonen (II) entstehen Gemische aus den Alkoholen (IV) und den Ketonen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PYRROLE CHEMISTRY. XXIV. THE VILSMEIER FORMYLATION AND THE CYANATION OF PYRROLE ACETALS. A SYNTHESIS OF PYRROLE‐2,3,5‐TRICARBOXALDEHYDE
Authors: LOADER C. E. , BARNETT G. H. , ANDERSON H. J.
Published: April 2016

Aus den entsprechenden Aldehyden werden die neuen Acetale (Ib), (IIb), (III), (IV), (V), (VIa) und (VIb) (Ausb. 70‐89%) sowie (VII) (13%) dargestellt (1H‐NMR‐Daten).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES IN THE HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. IV. THE REACTIONS OF SULFURYL AZIDE AND CHLOROSULFONYL AZIDE WITH INDOLE AND N‐METHYLINDOLE
Authors: OBAFEMI C. A.
Published: April 2016

Die Indole (I) reagieren mit den Sulfonylaziden (II) zu den Sulfonyliminoindolen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: (1)BENZOTHIENO(3,2‐B)THIOCHROMONES AND THIOCHROMONO(3,2‐B)INDOLES
Authors: GOERLITZER K. + , HOELSCHER D. +
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung der Bromheterocyclen (I) mit Natrium‐thiosalicylat (II) führt zu den aromatischen Sulfiden (III), die mit Polyphosphorsäure (PPS) zu den Thiopyranonderivaten (IV) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLES VIA MANNICH CONDENSATION. VI: SYNTHESES OF 2‐AMINO‐3‐PYRIDYLPHENYL KETONES
Authors: SOELLHUBER‐KRETZER M. + , TROSCHUETZ R. + , ROTH H. J.
Published: April 2016

Die Mannichketone (I) reagieren mit den Benzoylacetamidinen (II) zu den Aminopyridinketonen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ANHYDRO BASES OF 2‐PHENYL‐3‐PYRIDYLINDOLES
Authors: STUPNIKOVA T. V. , LOPATINSKAYA KH. YA. , KLYUEV N. A. , KOST A. N.
Published: April 2016

Durch Behandlung der Salze (I) oder (IV) mit methanolischer Natronlauge entstehen die Anhydrobasen (II) bzw. (V).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF 2‐ AND 4‐PYRIDONES
Authors: PIERCE J. B. , ARIYAN Z. V. , OVENDEN G. S.
Published: April 2016

Die Cyclisierung der Acetoacetamide (I) ergibt hauptsächlich die 2‐Pyridone (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW THERMAL REARRANGEMENT IN THE 4‐ISOXAZOLINE SYSTEM. SOME CHEMICAL AND STEREOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A BENZODIAZEPINE OXIDE‐ETHYL PROPIOLATE ADDUCT
Authors: FREEMAN J. P. , DUCHAMP D. J. , CHIDESTER C. G. , SLOMP G. , SZMUSZKOVICZ J. , RABAN M.
Published: April 2016

Das Benzodiazepin (I) reagiert mit Ethylpropiolat (II) unter Bildung des 4‐Isoxazolins (III) und des Umlagerungsproduktes (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: COMPARISON OF QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF THE INHIBITION OF LEUKEMIA CELLS IN CULTURE WITH THE INHIBITION OF DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE FROM LEUKEMIA CELLS AND OTHER CELL TYPES
Authors: KHWAJA T. A. , PENTECOST S. , SELASSIE C. D. , GUO Z. , HANSCH C.
Published: April 2016

Untersucht werden die Verbindungen (I).
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIC UNSATURATED KETONES. VII. 4‐ARYLIDENE‐1‐HOMOTHIO‐5‐CHROMANONES
Authors: ORLOV V. D. , MIKHED'KINA E. I. , LAVRUSHIN V. F.
Published: April 2016

Durch Cyclisierung der γ‐Phenylthio‐buttersäure (I) entsteht 3,4‐Dihydro‐1‐benzothiepin‐5(2H)‐on (II).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF HYPOPHOSPHOROUS ACID WITH ACETYLENIC ALCOHOLS
Authors: BELAKHOV V. V. , YUDELEVICH V. I. , KOMAROV E. V. , IONIN B. I. , PETROV A. A.
Published: April 2016

Aus der hypophosphorigen Säure (I) und den Acetylenalkoholen (II) bilden sich unter Acetylen‐ Allen‐Umlagerung die Allen‐phosphonite (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF DIALKYL MONOTHIOPHOSPHATES AND DIPHENYLMONOTHIOPHOSPHINIC ACID WITH CYCLOHEXYL ISONITRILE
Authors: ZIMIN M. G. , ZABIROV N. G. , PUDOVIK A. N.
Published: April 2016

Cyclohexyl‐isonitril (I) reagiert mit den Monothiophosphaten (II) zu Cyclohexyl‐thioformamid (III) und den Thiopyrophosphaten (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylierung der Aluminiumchloridkomplexe von Diorgano‐trihalogen‐phosphoranen durch Phosphite. Synthese von Dialkyl‐aryl‐phosphinoxiden.
Authors: PETROV K. A. , CHAUSOV V. A. , AGAFONOV S. V.
Published: April 2016

Aus Phosphortri‐ Chlorid, Aluminiumchlorid und Benzol entsteht der Komplex (I), der mit Halogenalkanen (II) die Derivate (III) bildet.
ChemInform Abstract: DARMSTOFF ANALOGS. 2. RING AND SIDE CHAIN EFFECTS ON SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION
Authors: WILEY R. A. , HARRIS W. T. , BRUNGARDT C. , MARX M.
Published: April 2016

Die Hydroxycarbonsäure (I) wird in den Ally1oxymethylester(II) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: DEMONSTRATION OF C‐PROTONATION OF PHOSPHOLES AND OF Δ‐DESHIELDING OF PHOSPHORUS‐31 USING MULTICYCLIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS
Authors: QUIN L. D. , MESCH K. A. , ORTON W. L.
Published: April 2016

Demonstration of C‐Protonation of Phospholes and of ö‐Deshielding of31P Using Multicyclic Phosphorus Compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON VITAMIN B12 AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. 53. SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF ORGANOCOBALAMINS RELEVANT TO THE MECHANISM OF THE METHYLMALONYL‐COA‐SUCCINYL‐COA MUTASE ENZYME
Authors: GRATE J. H. , GRATE J. W. , SCHRAUZER G. N.
Published: April 2016

Die Organocobalamine (III), in denen das Co(III)‐Atom als axiale Substituenten Alkylgruppen von Dimethyl‐ und Methylmalonsäureestern trägt, werden ausgehend von Vitamin B123 (I) durch Reduktion und Alkylierung des intermediären Vitamin B125 synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: LIGAND‐METAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS. I. THE TERVALENT NICKEL COMPLEX OF 11,13‐DIMETHYL‐1,4,7,10‐TETRAZACYCLOTRIDECA‐10,13‐DIENE. A PULSE RADIOLYTIC STUDY
Authors: ULMAN A. , COHEN H. , MEYERSTEIN D.
Published: April 2016

Mittels Pulsradiolyse‐Technik, die auch Untersuchungen sehr kurzlebiger Intermediärverbindungen erlaubt, und Spektrophotometrie wird die Umwandlung des makrocyclischen Ni(II)‐Komplexes (II) bei der Oxidation von Br′ zu Br; ′ in wäßriger Lösung verfolgt.
ChemInform Abstract: TETRABUTYLAMMONIUM INORGANOCUPRATES(I) ‐ BU4N+CUCL2‐, CUBR2‐, CUI2‐ AND CU(CN)2‐
Authors: NILSSON M.
Published: April 2016

Bu4N+CuC15 , Cußr , Cul; and Cu(CN )2.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITIES OF RUTHENIUM CLUSTER ANIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR CATALYSIS OF THE WATER‐GAS SHIFT REACTION
Authors: BRICKER J. C. , NAGEL C. C. , SHORE S. G.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktion des Anions (I) mit CO wurde unter verschiedenen Bedingungen untersucht, in THF ohne weiteren Zusatz, in THF unter Zusatz von [CPh3 ]BF4 und an dem deuterierten Analogen von (I) in H2O. In allen Fällen wird Ru3 (CO),2 gebildet, und der Ausgangskomplex zeigt hydridisches Verhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOCONTROLLED COUPLING OF (Π‐ALLYLIC)PALLADIUM COMPLEXES WITH ORGANOZIRCONIUM SPECIES
Authors: TEMPLE J. S. , RIEDIKER M. , SCHWARTZ J.
Published: April 2016

Eine stereospezifische Synthese von 20(R)‐Cholestan‐3‐on (V) wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOFLUOROSILICATES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. 14. CARBON‐CARBON BOND FORMATION PROMOTED BY PALLADIUM SALTS
Authors: YOSHIDA J. , TAMAO K. , YAMAMOTO H. , KAKUI T. , UCHIDA T. , KUMADA M.
Published: April 2016

Fünf Typen von Pd‐geförderten C‐C‐bindungsbilden‐ den Reaktionen mit K‐(E)‐alkenylpentafluorosilicaten, die einfach durch Hydrosilylierung von Alkinen und anschließende Silicatbildung erhältlich sind, werden beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION‐REDUCTION MECHANISMS. INNER‐SPHERE AND OUTER‐SPHERE ELECTRON TRANSFER IN THE REDUCTION OF IRON(III), RUTHENIUM(III), AND OSMIUM(III) COMPLEXES BY ALKYL RADICALS
Authors: ROLLICK K. L. , KOCHI J. K.
Published: April 2016

Alkylradikale (Me, Et, Pr, iPr, iBu, tBu, neopentyl, benzyl, cyclohexyl) werden durch die Tris‐[ l ,l O‐phenanthrolin]‐ bzw. Tris‐[2,2′‐bipyridyl]‐Komplexe von F e, Ru und Os in MeCN leicht oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesoionic Methinedyes from Dihetarylmethanes. Derivatives of 1,2,4‐Triazolo‐ [1,5‐a]pyrimidinium.
Authors: GHUIGUK V. A. , NEMAZANNYI A. G.
Published: April 2016

Durch Kondensation des Bis‐(5‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazolyl‐3)‐ methans (I) mit den Diketonen (II) entstehen die Bis‐( 1 ,2,4‐triazolo[ 1 ,5‐a]pyrimidyl‐2)‐methane (III), die man zu den Salzen (IV) quaterniert.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS WITH BENZOTRIAZOLE‐1‐CARBOXYLIC ACID CHLORIDE. VII. REACTION WITH AMINO ACIDS
Authors: BUTULA I. , ZORC B. , VELA V.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung (I) reagiert mit Aminosäuren (II) unter Bildung der N‐ Acyl‐Produkte (III).
ChemInform Abstract: GLYCOSYLATION BY D‐FRUCTOFURANOSE THIO ORTHO ESTERS
Authors: BACKINOWSKY L. V. , BALAN N. F. , BETANELI V. I. , KOCHETKOV N. K.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Fructosebenzoat (I) wird über das Bromderivat (II) der Thioorthoester (III) hergestellt, der als exoendo‐Gernisch anfällt.
ChemInform Abstract: WHY DO ALL SPIROBENZYLISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS INCORPORATE A METHYLENEDIOXY SUBSTITUENT ON RING D?
Authors: BLASKO G. , HUSSAIN S. F. , SHAMMA M.
Published: April 2016

Im Zusammenhang mit Untersuchungen über den Ursprung der Methylendioxy‐Gruppe in dem Ring Dnatürlicher Spirobenzylisochinoline werden die Alkaloide Fumarilin (Ia), Parfumidin (Ib) und Parfumin (Ic) mit KOH in Gegenwart der Alkohole (II) behandelt, wobei unter selektiver Spaltung der Methylendioxy‐Gruppe und gleichzeitiger Alkylierung die monofunktionalisierten Diole (III) entstehen; (IIIa) und (IIIc)‐(IIIe) werden in die Acetate (IV) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF ARA‐ADENYLYL‐(3′→5′)‐ARA‐ADENYLYL‐(3′→5′)‐ARA‐A(ARA‐(A3′P5′A3′P5A# ))
Authors: GIOELI C. , CHATTOPADHYAYA J. B. , DRAKE A. F. , OEBERG B. +
Published: April 2016

Das Arabinofuranosyladenin (Ia) wird sukzessiv in die Derivate (Ib) bis (Ie) übergeführt; ausgehend von (Ie) ist dann unter Verwendung der Bausteine (Ic) bzw. (II) auf dem angegebenen Weg das geschützte Arabinotrinucleosiddiphosphat (IVa) erhältlich, das zur Titelverbindung (IVb) deblockiert wird.
mglur6b:EGFP Transgenic zebrafish suggest novel functions of metabotropic glutamate signaling in retina and other brain regions
Authors: Glasauer Stella M.K. , Wäger Robert , Gesemann Matthias , Neuhauss Stephan C.F.
Published: April 2016

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are mainly known for regulating excitability of neurons. However, mGluR6 at the photoreceptor‐ON bipolar cell synapse mediates sign inversion through glutamatergic inhibition. Although this is currently the only confirmed function of mGluR6, other functions have been suggested. Here we present Tg(mglur6b:EGFP)zh1, a new transgenic zebrafish line recapitulating endogenous expression of one of the two mglur6 paralogs in zebrafish. Investigating transgene as well as endogenous mglur6b expression within the zebrafish retina indicates that EGFP and mglur6b mRNA are not only expressed in bipolar cells, but also in a subset of ganglion and amacrine cells. The amacrine cells labeled in Tg(mglur6b:EGFP)zh1 constitute a novel cholinergic, non‐GABAergic, non‐starburst amacrine cell type described for the first time in teleost fishes. Apart from the retina, we found transgene expression in subsets of periventricular neurons of the hypothalamus, Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, various cell types of the optic tectum, and mitral/ruffed cells of the olfactory bulb. These findings suggest novel functions of mGluR6 besides sign inversion at ON bipolar cell dendrites, opening up the possibility that inhibitory glutamatergic signaling may be more prevalent than currently thought. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2363–2378, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An OpenCL‐accelerated parallel immunodominance clone selection algorithm for feature selection
Authors: Zhu Huming , Wu Yanfei , Li Pei , Zhang Peng , Ji Zhe , Gong Maoguo
Published: April 2016

Immunodominance clone selection algorithm (ICSA) is a robust and effective metaheuristic method for feature selection problem. However, ICSA is usually slow in finding the optimal solution. In this paper, we propose a parallel immunodominance clone selection algorithm (PICSA) on Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to improve the speedup of ICSA for feature selection problem. The parallel program can considerably accelerate the feature selection operator. The immunodominance operator, which efficiently connects the local and global information, makes the algorithm able to jump out of the local optimum easily and obtain the global optimum. When comparing with other parallel languages, Open Computing Language (OpenCL) has advantages both in efficiency and portability. Therefore, we use OpenCL to implement this algorithm on Intel many integrated core and different GPU platforms. Experiment results obtained using high‐dimensional UCI machine learning and image texture datasets demonstrate that the PICSA algorithm allows one to achieve good acceleration ratio while maintaining similar classification accuracy to serial ICSA program. Besides, the OpenCL‐based implementation of PICSA shows good portability on many integrated core and different GPU platforms as well. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic Core–Shell to Yolk–Shell Structures in Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions: Heterogeneous versus Homogeneous Nature
Authors: Li Yinle , Zhang Zhuqing , Fan Tao , Li Xiaoguang , Ji Jin , Dong Pei , Baines Robert , Shen Jianfeng , Ye Mingxin
Published: April 2016

This study describes a comparative investigation on the heterogeneous versus homogeneous nature of the Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction mechanism with specific magnetic hierarchical core–shell and yolk–shell structures. The hierarchical core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2‐Pd@mCeO2 (m=mesoporous) catalyst contains a core of nonporous silica‐sheltered magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs), a transition layer of active palladium (Pd) NPs, and an outer shell of porous ceria (CeO2). The magnetic yolk–shell Fe3O4@h‐Pd@mCeO2 (h=hollow) catalyst was prepared by selectively etching the nonporous silica interlayers. Notably, the results of the hot‐filtration heterogeneity test, the effect of Pd concentration, and solid‐phase poisoning, indicate that the two kinds of catalysts function in Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions through different catalytic mechanisms. Moreover, both catalysts demonstrated better catalytic activity than the Fe3O4@SiO2‐Pd catalyst. This finding can be ascribed to the outermost CeO2 shell having a high concentration of trivalent cerium and oxygen vacancies, which gives rise to the increased electron density of Pd NPs, and a faster rate‐determining step in the oxidative addition reaction for the Suzuki reaction. In addition, we propose a feasible mechanism elucidating the synergistic effect between the supporting CeO2 and active species.
Disordered 3 D Multi‐layer Graphene Anode Material from CO2 for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Smith Kassiopeia , Parrish Riley , Wei Wei , Liu Yuzi , Li Tao , Hu Yun Hang , Xiong Hui
Published: April 2016

We report the application of disordered 3 D multi‐layer graphene, synthesized directly from CO2 gas through a reaction with Li at 550 °C, as an anode for Na‐ion batteries (SIBs) toward a sustainable and greener future. The material exhibited a reversible capacity of ∼190 mA h g−1 with a Coulombic efficiency of 98.5 % at a current density of 15 mA g−1. The discharge capacity at higher potentials (>0.2 V vs. Na/Na+) is ascribed to Na‐ion adsorption at defect sites, whereas the capacity at low potentials (<0.2 V) is ascribed to intercalation between graphene sheets through electrochemical characterization, Raman spectroscopy, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering experiments. The disordered multi‐layer graphene electrode demonstrated a great rate capability and cyclability. This novel approach to synthesize disordered 3 D multi‐layer graphene from CO2 gas makes it attractive not only as an anode material for SIBs but also to mitigate CO2 emission.
Cytopathological features of villous adenoma of the urinary bladder in urine: A rare case report
Authors: Ishikawa Ryou , Kadota Kyuichi , Hayashi Toshitetsu , Motoyama Mutsumi , Matsunaga Toru , Miyai Yumi , Katsuki Naomi , Kushida Yoshio , Haba Reiji
Published: April 2016

Villous adenoma of the urinary bladder is a rare tumor that histologically mimics its enteric counterpart. Patients with an isolated villous adenoma have an excellent prognosis, but associated adenocarcinomas can frequently be identified in them as well. There is no literature that discusses the cytopathologic features of villous adenoma. Here we report a case which was diagnosed as villous adenoma histologically, which has been followed up with urine cytology. In urine cytology, many mucin producing cells are recognized. Few cell clusters show glandular formation or arrangement along the basement membrane. When glandular cells with columnar mucin‐filled goblet cells are seen in urine cytology, the presence of a primary glandular lesion of the urinary bladder, such as villous adenoma, should be considered possible. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:632–635. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protein changes in abalone foot muscle from three geographical populations of Haliotis diversicolor based on proteomic approach
Authors: Di Guilan , Miao Xiulian , Ke Caihuan , Kong Xianghui , Li Hui , You Weiwei
Published: April 2016

Using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, the foot muscle proteome of three geographical populations of Haliotis diversicolor were examined, with a total of 922 ± 21 protein spots detected in the Japanese population (JJ), 904 ± 25.6 in the Taiwanese population (TT), and 936 ± 16.2 in the Vietnamese population (VV). Of these, 254 spots showed differential expression and 85 protein spots percentage volumes varied more than twofold. Both “genotype” and “spot” analysis of variance approaches significantly showed differences among the three populations. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that TT and VV clustered together followed by clustering with JJ, which is consistent with their geographical location. Following matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, 30 differentially expressed proteins involved in major biological processes including energy production and storage and stress response were identified. Of these proteins, proteins pertaining to muscle contraction and muscle protein regulation showed highest expression levels in VV samples. Proteins involved in energy production and storage, including ATP synthase beta subunit, fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase, arginine kinase, enolase, triosephosphate isomerase, and tauropine dehydrogenase, showed diverse expression patterns among the three populations. For stress‐responsive proteins, the expression of heat shock protein 70 was JJ > VV > TT. The expression pattern of Cu/Zn‐superoxide dismutase was JJ > VV > TT. Overall, these results may aid in the detection of new differentially expressed proteins within three different abalone populations.
Side‐Chain Metallopolymers Containing Second‐Order NLO‐Active Bimetallic NiII and PdII Schiff‐Base Complexes: Syntheses, Structures, Electrochemical and Computational Studies
Authors: Celedón Salvador , Fuentealba Mauricio , Roisnel Thierry , Ledoux‐Rak Isabelle , Hamon Jean‐René , Carrillo David , Manzur Carolina
Published: April 2016

Unsymmetric Schiff‐base metalloligand precursor 2 is synthesized by condensation of phenol‐functionalized ferrocenylenaminone 1 with 2‐hydroxy‐5‐nitrobenzaldehyde. Heterobimetallic complexes 3 and 4 result from the N2O2‐tetradentate coordination of NiII and PdII metal ions with the doubly deprotonated form of 2, respectively. Linking 3 and 4 to polyacrylic acid through an esterification reaction leads to the formation of the corresponding side‐chain metallopolymers 5 and 6. The new compounds were fully characterized (IR, UV/Vis, NMR, MS, CV, SEC) and structures of 2–4 unequivocally determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques. Decomposition temperatures higher than 250 °C were found by DSC and TGA techniques for 3–6. Harmonic light scattering measurements showed that compounds 2–5 exhibit rather high second‐order nonlinear responses, between 200 × 10–30 and 970 × 10–30 esu, with the hyperpolarizability β1.91 value increasing significantly on passing from NiII complex 3 to its respective metallopolymer 5. The structural and electronic properties of 2–4 are analyzed by DFT and TD‐DFT calculations.
Synthesis and Oxidation Catalysis of [Tris(oxazolinyl)borato]cobalt(II) Scorpionates
Authors: Reinig Regina R. , Mukherjee Debabrata , Weinstein Zachary B. , Xie Weiwei , Albright Toshia , Baird Benjamin , Gray Tristan S. , Ellern Arkady , Miller Gordon J. , Winter Arthur H. , Bud'ko Sergey L. , Sadow Aaron D.
Published: April 2016

The reaction of CoCl2·THF and thallium tris(4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐oxazolinyl)phenylborate (TlToM) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) provides ToMCoCl (1) in 95 % yield; however, appropriate solvents and starting materials are required to favor 1 over two other readily formed side‐products, (ToM)2Co (2) and {HToM}CoCl2 (3). ESR, NMR, FTIR, and UV/Vis spectroscopies were used to distinguish these cobalt(II) products and probe their electronic and structural properties. Even after the structures indicated by these methods were confirmed by X‐ray crystallography, the spectroscopic identification of trace contaminants in the material was challenging. The recognition of possible contaminants in the synthesis of ToMCoCl in combination with the paramagnetic nature of these complexes provided impetus for the utilization of X‐ray powder diffraction to measure the purity of the ToMCoCl bulk sample. The X‐ray powder diffraction results provide support for the bulk‐phase purity of ToMCoCl in preparations that avoid 2 and 3. Thus, 1 is a precursor for new [tris(oxazolinyl)borato]cobalt chemistry, as exemplified by its reactions with KOtBu and NaOAc to give ToMCoOtBu (4) and ToMCoOAc (5), respectively. Compound 5 is a catalyst for the oxidation of cyclohexane with meta‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA), and the rate constants and selectivity for cyclohexanol versus cyclohexanone and ε‐caprolactone were assessed.
DNA Release from a Bioelectronic Interface Stimulated by a DNA Signal – Amplification of DNA Signals
Authors: Gamella Maria , Guz Nataliia , Katz Evgeny
Published: April 2016

A new bioelectronic system activated by a DNA‐signal and releasing another DNA has been designed. The system was composed of two modified electrodes: one electrode functionalized with enzymes was activated with a DNA‐signal, while another electrode coated with an alginate film released pre‐loaded DNA species, when the first electrode was activated. The sensing electrode was functionalized with pyrroloquinoline quinone‐dependent glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ‐GDH) producing negative potential in the presence of glucose. This bioelectrocatalytic process was inhibited by the presence of glucose oxidase (GOx) at the external surface of the biomolecular system organized on the electrode surface through a DNA‐linker. GOx consumed incoming glucose and did not allow its penetration to the internal layer functionalized with PQQ‐GDH, thus leaving the electrode mute. The DNA‐signal resulted in the detachment of GOx and activated the process biocatalyzed by PQQ‐GDH due to penetration of glucose to the internal layer at the electrode surface. Finally, formation of a negative potential on the sensing electrode resulted in the activation of the second electrode and DNA release from the alginate matrix. The Sense‐and‐Act system allowed amplification of the DNA‐signal by releasing much higher amount of DNA comparing with the applied DNA‐signal. The DNA‐signal amplification will find applications in various biosensor and biomolecular computing systems.
Amorphous single‐junction cells for vertical BIPV application with high bifaciality
Authors: Reininghaus Nies , Feser Clemens , Hanke Benedikt , Vehse Martin , Agert Carsten
Published: April 2016

Solar cells used in building integration of photovoltaic cells (BIPV) are commonly made from crystalline wafer cells. This contribution investigates the challenges and benefits of using bifacial solar cells in vertical installations. We show that those cells get up to 13% more irradiance compared to optimum tilted south facing monofacial modules in Germany. The role of the n‐layer in thin amorphous bifacial single‐junction cells intended to be used as bifacial cells in BIPV applications is investigated. In contrast to the superstrate cell design, a transparent n‐layer and back contact play a key role to achieve high bifaciality. We therefore increased the transparency of the n‐layer by adding CO2, increasing the PH3 flow in the deposition gas and tested different thicknesses. With those measures, we reached a bifaciality of 98% for short‐circuit current density and 99% for open‐circuit voltage.
Glial cells as drug targets: What does it take?
Authors: Möller Thomas , Boddeke Hendrikus W. G. M.
Published: April 2016

The last two decades have brought a significant increase in our understanding of glial biology and glial contribution to CNS disease. Yet, despite the fact that glial cells make up the majority of CNS cells, no drug specifically targeting glial cells is on the market. Given the long development times of CNS drugs, on average over 12 years, this is not completely surprising. However, there is increasing interest from academia and industry to exploit glial targets to develop drugs for the benefit of patients with currently limited or no therapeutic options. CNS drug development has a high attrition rate and has encountered many challenges. It seems unlikely that developing drugs against glial targets would be any less demanding. However, the knowledge generated in traditional CNS drug discovery teaches valuable lessons, which could enable the glial community to accelerate the cycle time from basic discovery to drug development. In this review we will discuss steps necessary to bring a “glial target idea” to a clinical development program. GLIA 2016;64:1742–1754
Comparison of social functioning in community‐living older individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a catchment area‐based study
Authors: van Liempt Saskia , Dols Annemiek , Schouws Sigfried , Stek Max L. , Meesters Paul D.
Published: April 2016

Objective

Preserved social functioning is of utmost importance for older individuals living in the community to maintain independency. However, in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, it remains unclear which factors influence social functioning in later life.

Methods

In a catchment area‐based study in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 120 older (>60 years) community‐living patients with schizophrenia (n = 73) and with bipolar disorder (n = 47) were included. Clinical interviews on social functioning and psychometric measurements were applied.

Results

Patients with schizophrenia scored lower on all social measures (social functioning, social participation, network size, availability of confidants) compared with their peers with bipolar disorder. In patients with schizophrenia, lower social functioning was associated with having more negative symptoms and depressive symptoms. Age of onset was also associated with social functioning in schizophrenia, with higher scores in very late‐onset schizophrenia‐like psychosis. Unfavourable social functioning in patients with bipolar disorder was associated with lower cognitive functioning. Furthermore, in both groups, social functioning was not related to age, having offspring or the presence of a partner.

Conclusions

In community‐living older patients, schizophrenia has a more disruptive effect on social functioning than bipolar disorder, except in those with a very late‐onset schizophrenia‐like psychosis. Minimizing residual depressive symptoms and optimizing cognitive functioning may be targets for improving social functioning and independent‐living in older patients with severe mental illness. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On Burenkov's extension operator preserving Sobolev–Morrey spaces on Lipschitz domains
Authors: Fanciullo Maria Stella , Lamberti Pier Domenico
Published: April 2016

We prove that Burenkov's extension operator preserves Sobolev spaces built on general Morrey spaces, including classical Morrey spaces. The analysis concerns bounded and unbounded open sets with Lipschitz boundaries in the n‐dimensional Euclidean space.
Analyzing Promiscuity at the Level of Active Compounds and Targets
Authors: Bajorath Jürgen
Published: April 2016

In the context of polypharmacology, promiscuity is defined as the ability of small molecules to specifically interact with multiple targets. In addition, promiscuity can also be viewed as a characteristic feature of targets by considering their ability to recognize structurally diverse molecules as well as compounds with multi‐target activities. Promiscuity estimates can be obtained through systematic mining of compound activity data. Currently available volumes of activity data are so large that it should be possible to derive statistically sound trends from their analysis. However, confidence criteria must be carefully considered when drawing conclusions from compound data mining. Herein, the results of recent promiscuity analyses are presented in context, including studies that view promiscuity from a target perspective.
Fitness, insulin sensitivity, and frontal lobe integrity in adults with overweight and obesity
Authors: Castro Mary Grace , Venutolo Christopher , Yau Po Lai , Convit Antonio
Published: April 2016

Objective

To formally test whether insulin sensitivity mediates the relationship between fitness and brain integrity.

Methods

Eighty‐four middle‐aged participants without diabetes received a 6‐min walk test from which maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was derived, a structural magnetic resonance scan, and a medical evaluation including fasting glucose and insulin levels.

Results

This study showed significant associations between fitness, abdominal obesity, and insulin sensitivity and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) volume as well as between ACC thickness and quantitative insulin‐sensitivity check index (QUICKI). The relationship between ACC volume and VO2 max was completely mediated through QUICKI. Further, this strong association was confirmed by a single and very significant cluster on the ACC linking gray matter volume and QUICKI in a voxel‐based morphometry analysis.

Conclusions

As expected, increased abdominal obesity was associated with reductions in fitness, ACC volumes, and insulin sensitivity. Importantly, this study demonstrated a significant mediation of the relationship between VO2 max and ACC volume by QUICKI. This suggests that the links between impaired insulin sensitivity and brain abnormalities in adults carrying excess weight could be alleviated through increased physical activity and fitness.
Synthesis and characterization of a biphenyl perfluorocyclobutyl (BP‐PFCB) polyethylene glycol (PEG) blend compatibilizer
Authors: Brown Dakarai K. , Iacono Scott T. , Cracowski Jean‐Marc , Christensen Kenneth , Smith Dennis W.
Published: April 2016

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) end‐capped trifluorovinyl ether (TFVE) telechelomer was synthesized in one step via esterification of 4‐(trifluorovinyloxy) benzoic acid. The new telechelomer was characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR), elemental analysis, and by 19F and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The telechelomer and 4,4′‐bis(4‐trifluorovinyloxy)biphenyl (BPVE) were thermally copolymerized via step‐growth [2 + 2] cycloaddition at 160°C. The polymerization afforded PEG enchained biphenyl perfluorocyclobutyl (BP‐PFCB) copolymers that are solution processable and film forming. These copolymers were characterized by ATR‐FTIR, 19F NMR, and 1H NMR. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) gave number‐average molecular weight (Mn) ranging 11,000 to 12,000. Compatibilization of PEG and a commercial polymer BP‐PFCB was achieved utilizing the new PEG BP‐PFCB copolymer, 3‐co2‐4. It was found that 5 wt% of 3‐co2‐4 was ideal to reduce interfacial tension by scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, phase homogeneity was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oligomer production through glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate): effects of temperature and water content on reaction extent
Authors: Stoski Adriana , Viante Matheus Felipe , Nunes Cátia Santos , Muniz Edvani Curti , Felsner Maria Lurdes , Almeida Carlos Alberto Policiano
Published: April 2016

Using ethylene glycol (EG) and post‐consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles, monomers and oligomers were obtained through glycolysis catalyzed by zinc acetate. Three reaction temperatures (150, 160 and 170 °C) and water contents (0, 1.0 and 2.0% with respect to the volume of EG) were used as inputs; the extent of depolymerization as the analyzed response formed the basis for a factorial design experiment. The products obtained from PET glycolysis were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their morphology was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed the presence of terephthalic acid, hydroxylated tetramers, bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate monomer and dimer, and also oligomers with various molecular weights, water being present in the reaction medium. Statistical analysis (95% confidence) indicated that temperature and water content were significant inputs for glycolysis of PET, with the temperature being much the more important factor. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry