bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circular Economy for Sustainable Disposal and
Reuse of Pruning Waste for Generating New Selective Materials
Authors: Shwartz Gal , Oron Gideon
Published: February 2025

Pruning waste (PW) and agricultural timber residue are barely treated, creating environmental pollution issues. A lack of regulations and environmental control criteria leads to poor ecosystems. Here we propose transforming PW from a nuisance into a valuable energy and environmental resource. Reuse and recycling options include turning the waste into a food source, or using it to generate energy, compost, soil fertilizer amendment and other products. A linear programming model with Boolean variables and a management model were defined and run for the reuse of PW. The management model defined the diverse options of PW reuse for resource recovery. These options depend to a considerable extent on the country’s production capacity and the preferred applied alternatives. The area of Israel was split into separate regions, which were classified according to preferred alternatives for PW treatment and reuse. These alternatives included factors such as annual amounts of trash generated, transportation expense, energy demand, and requirements based on annual and daily needs. An optimization model was defined and solved, subject to a series of constraints. The results showed that a net profit of approximately 3.5 million USD/year for a total community of close to 10x106 residents could be derived from the amounts of waste and improved environmental control, in addition to the additional energy source. This work raises the urgent need to regulate the recycling policies for PW in various environmental regions worldwide.
Adsorption of CuSO4 on Anatase TiO2 (101) Surface: A DFT Study
Authors: Maldonado Frank , Castillo Darwin , Aguilar Silvio , Carrión Javier , Sánchez Aramis
Published: February 2025

The rapid growth of industrial activities has increased environmental pollution, and so-lar-driven heterogeneous photocatalysis using TiO2 has emerged as a promising solution. However, its wide bandgap limits its efficiency, prompting research into various optimi-zation strategies. One of these approaches is surface functionalization. Thus, this study investigates the adsorption of CuSO4 on the anatase TiO2 (101) surface using density func-tional theory calculations. The adsorption process induced a magnetic moment of 0.97 µB and a slight reduction in overall bandwidth. A preferential adsorption geometry pattern with an energy of -4.31 eV was identified. Charge transfer analysis revealed a net transfer from the TiO2 surface to the CuSO4 molecule, with increased net atomic charges for atoms involved in new chemical bond formation, indicating a chemisorption process. These electronic structure modifications are expected to influence the electronic and catalytic properties of the material. The findings provide insights into the CuSO4 adsorption mechanism on anatase TiO2 (101) surface and its impact on the properties of the material, contributing to a deeper understanding of this system.
Mountain Entrepreneurship, a Vector of Sustainable Development in Europe
Authors: Covaci Brindusa , Covaci Mihai
Published: February 2025

The article demonstrates the importance of developing mountain entrepreneurship, which faces interconnected challenges, such as the still weak representation of mountain businesses at European level, limited access to infrastructure, high production costs and dependence on climate factors. Mountain entrepreneurship plays a defining role in renewable development in Europe due to the high potential of natural resources, the ability to attract European funds for sustainable projects, and the contribution to the conservation of biodiversity and cultural heritage. The aforementioned sectors are part of industry, services and creative industries, which entitles the authors to carry out a detailed analysis of the related mountain entrepreneurship. Some case studies demonstrate the success of mountain entrepreneurship in Europe. Mountain entrepreneurship is the engine of European development more than the non-mountain one, which is why development must be sustained and resilient. In Europe, several countries with a mountain tradition or with a high degree of resilience show the importance of existing models and lessons of good practice. Future trends suggest an increase in interest in sustainable businesses and digitalization as a means of promoting mountain products and services. The aim of the article is to observe the state of play of some indicators related to European mountain entrepreneurship and propose solutions to ensure the sustainable development of the community economy.
Signaling Pathways Regulating Dimorphism in Medically Relevant Fungal Species
Authors: Ramírez-Sotelo Uriel , Gómez-Gaviria Manuela , Mora-Montes Héctor M.
Published: February 2025

Pathogenic fungi exhibit morphological plasticity, a phenomenon known as dimorphism, which allows them to switch between yeast and hyphal forms in response to environmental stimuli. Thermodimorphic fungi undergo this transition based on temperature changes, playing a crucial role in their virulence and life cycle. Under saprobic conditions, some fungi exist as filamentous hyphae, producing conidia. When conidia are inhaled by mammals or traumatically inoculated body temperature (37°C) triggers their dimorphism into yeast cells. This shift promotes fungal dis-semination and immune evasion. Some fungal pathogens undergo dimorphism in the contrary way, forming pseudohyphae and hyphae within the host. While temperature is a major driver of di-morphism, other factors, including CO₂ concentration, pH, nitrogen sources, and quorum-sensing molecules, also contribute to morphological shifts. This morphological transition is associated with increased expression of virulence factors that aid in adhesion, colonization, and immune evasion. This review examines the signaling pathways regulating fungal dimorphism, focusing on H. cap-sulatum as a model for mycelium-to-yeast transitions and C. albicans for yeast-to-hypha transitions. Understanding these pathways is essential for advancing therapeutic approaches against systemic fungal infections.
Strategies for Spatial Proteome and Transcriptome Investigation in Adult Neuronal Axons
Authors: Nanguneri Siddharth
Published: February 2025

Neurons are highly asymmetric post-mitotic cells whose processes extend long distances to facilitate communication. Consequently, they encounter the complex problem of maintaining their structure and function over long distances. Over the last decade, research into the components composing the axon of a neuron has revealed the presence of local machinery of protein synthesis and deployment within different parts of the axon. However, there is still a need to understand how the endogenous proteome and transcriptome within the axon are distributed. The last decade has also witnessed a growth of technology capable of specifically labeling proteins and molecules of RNA. They are primarily based on gene editing techniques and recombinant antibody technology. Advances in technology now enable the delivery of large payloads of genetic material, paving the way for an in-depth investigation into the endogenous processes occurring within the axons of adult neurons. These capabilities open up exciting opportunities to address critical questions, potentially leading to new insights and strategies for treating neurodegenerative diseases. The review discusses different techniques available to a neuroscientist to help answer questions concerning the localization and transport of molecules within the axon. For instance, CRISPR is used to make specific changes to the genome and provide a means to tag endogenous proteins. Using these advances, in theory, it is possible to label molecules at scale and elucidate the role of different compartments that support protein synthesis and their subsequent deployment to specific regions within the axon.
Can AI ever become conscious?
Authors: Farhadi Ashkan
Published: February 2025

Almost 70 years ago, Alan Turing predicted that within half a century, computers would possess processing capabilities sufficient to fool interrogators into believing they were communicating with a human. While his prediction materialized slightly later than anticipated, he also foresaw a critical limitation: machines might never become the subject of their own thoughts, suggesting that computers may never achieve self-awareness. Recent advancements in AI, however, have reignited interest in the concept of consciousness, particularly in discussions about the potential existential risks posed by AI. At the heart of this debate lies the question of whether computers can achieve consciousness or develop a sense of agency—and the profound implications if they do.Whether computers can currently be considered conscious or aware, even to a limited extent, depends largely on the framework used to define awareness and consciousness. For instance, IIT equates consciousness with the capacity for information processing, while the Higher-Order Thought (HOT) theory integrates elements of self-awareness and intentionality into its definition.This manuscript reviews and critically compares major theories of consciousness, with a particular emphasis on awareness, attention, and the sense of self. By delineating the distinctions between artificial and natural intelligence, it explores whether advancements in AI technologies—such as machine learning and neural networks—could enable AI to achieve some degree of consciousness or develop a sense of agency.
Gulf War Illness Induced Sex-Specific Transcriptional Differences Under Stressful Conditions
Authors: Frank Joshua , Tehrani Lily , Gamer Jackson , Van Booven Derek J. , Ballarin Sarah , Rossman Raquel , Edelstein Abraham , Uppalati Sadhika , Reuthebuck Ana , Collado Fanny , Klimas Nancy G. , Nathanson Lubov
Published: February 2025

Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a multi-symptom disorder affecting 1990–1991 Persian Gulf War veterans and is characterized by post-exertional malaise, neurological symptoms, immune deregulation, and exhaustion. Causation is not understood, and effective diagnostics and therapies have not yet been developed. In this work, we analyzed stress-related, sex-specific transcriptomic shifts in GWI subjects and healthy controls through RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Blood samples at baseline (T0), at maximal exertion (T1), and four hours post-exertion (T2) were analyzed. In female sub-jects with GWI proinflammatory processes, and in male subjects IL-12 signaling and lymphocytic activation were deregulated at T1compared to T0. During recovery from stress, HCMV activity and microglia activation increased in female GWI subjects, and apoptotic signaling changed in males with GWI. Documented sex-specific immune deregulation warrants personalized markers and therapies. Targeting sex-specific transcriptomic markers of disease could lead to new therapies for GWI.
A Sustainability-Driven Approach to Early-Stage Offshore Vessel Design: A Case Study on Wind Farm Installation Vessels
Authors: Nykiel Dorota , Zmuda Arkadiusz , Abramowski Tomasz
Published: February 2025

This study presents a methodological framework for incorporating LCA principles into the preliminary design phase of an offshore vessel, based on the case of the wind farm installation vessel (WTIVs). The proposed approach diverges from traditional ship design methodologies by treating environmental impact as a key criterion and integrates the LCA into the early design stages of offshore vessels which is a novelty toward the sustainability-driven ship design. On the basis of steps usually conducted in preliminary ship design a parametric analysis was conducted to estimate the life-cycle emissions associated with shipbuilding, operation, maintenance, and dismantling phases, with special attention given to the operational profiles of WTIVs. Using statistical regression models, ship characteristics such as displacement, lightship weight, and main dimensions were correlated with LCA-relevant factors, enabling the quantification of emissions at an early design stage. Power demand estimation for different operational scenarios—free running transit, dynamic positioning, and stationary installation—highlighted the significant contribution of offshore-specific vessel activities to life-cycle emissions. The results demonstrate that the structure operational phases remain the dominant contributor to overall emissions, particularly through CO₂ and NOx production. However, emissions from shipbuilding, maintenance, and dismantling also play a critical role, reinforcing the need for early design interventions The findings emphasize the importance of integrating LCA considerations into the design spiral to achieve optimized trade-offs between environmental sustainability, operational efficiency, and economic feasibility. This study provides a foundation for future research into multi-objective optimization models that incorporate LCA into offshore vessel design.
Statistically-Informed Multimodal (Domain Adaptation by Transfer) Learning Framework: A Domain Adaptation Use-Case for Industrial Human-Robot Communication
Authors: Mukherjee Debasmita , Najjaran Homayoun
Published: February 2025

Cohesive human-robot collaboration can be achieved through seamless communication between human and robot partners. We posit that the design aspects of human-robot communication (HRCom) can take inspiration from human communication to create more intuitive systems. This however, this must be achieved at no additional effort to the human operator and must be personalized for greater safety and team fluency. A key component of HRCom systems is perception models developed using machine learning. Being data-driven, these models suffer from the dearth of comprehensive, labelled datasets while models trained on standard, publicly available datasets do not generalize well to application specific scenarios. Involvement in these interactions lead to more uncertainties and complexities. Taking into account these challenges, a novel framework is presented that leverages existing domain adaptation (DA) techniques off-the-shelf. Statistically-Informed Multimodal (Domain Adaptation by Transfer) Learning (SIMLea) takes inspiration from human communication to use human feedback to auto-label for iterative DA. The framework presented can handle incommensurable multimodal inputs, is mode and model agnostic and allows statistically-informed extension of datasets. SIMLea allows neural network based models to adapt and personalize to the interacting humans, thus leading to more intuitive and naturalistic HRCom systems.
Parental Awareness and Practices Regarding Children's Eye Health
Authors: Tushe Mirela
Published: February 2025

Purpose. This study investigates parental awareness and practices regarding children's eye health in Albania, focusing on demographic characteristics, eye health awareness, usage of glasses/contact lenses, eye health information and practices, screen time, and access to information. Material and Methods. Data were collected from 100 parents of children aged 0-18 attending Aldent University staff and Uzllova Tirana Eye Clinic using a structured questionnaire administered over a two-week period in September 2020. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques, including crosstab and Chi-square tests, were employed. Results. The results reveal significant associations between parental demographics and eye health practices, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve parental awareness and practices concerning children's eye health. Despite recognizing the importance of eye health, a significant proportion of parents reported inadequate knowledge regarding pediatric eye conditions and recommended screening practices. In particular, only 15% of children wear glasses, despite the fact that a significant proportion of children have refractive errors: myopia (32%), followed by hyperopia (11%) and astigmatism (3%). Nearly half of the children (49%) spend a lot of time on electronic devices: 53% spend 1-2 hours, 42% - 3-6 hours, and 5% - over 6 hours per day. The study underscores the necessity of enhancing education and intervention programs to improve pediatric eye care and promote early detection and management of vision issues. Effective pediatric eye care requires active engagement from parents and caregivers, emphasizing the importance of increasing parental awareness and promoting regular eye examinations. Conclusion. Targeted educational interventions and collaborative efforts among healthcare providers, educators, and policymakers are crucial for improving pediatric eye health outcomes in Albania.
Prognostic Value of Claudin 18.2, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-1, and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Unresectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Karcı Ebru , Bilici Ahmet , Özden Ferhat , Kuzucular Elif , Muğlu Harun , Ölmez Ömer Fatih , Açıkgöz Özgür , Yıldız Özcan
Published: February 2025

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. Identifying reliable prognostic biomarkers is crucial for risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making. This study investigates the prognostic significance of Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2), isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) expression, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with unresectable PDAC receiving first-line chemotherapy.
This retrospective, single-center study included 72 patients with histologically confirmed unresectable PDAC treated with either FOLFIRINOX (59.7%) or gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (40.3%). Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess CLDN18.2 and IDH1 expression, while NLR was calculated from pre-treatment blood counts. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to evaluate predictors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
CLDN18.2 and IDH1 were positively expressed in 18.1% and 2.8% of patients, respectively, while 56.9% had elevated NLR (>3.22). The median PFS was 7.1 months (95% CI: 4.2–9.9), and the median OS was 9.7 months (95% CI: 8.5–10.8). Multivariable analysis identified negative CLDN18.2 expression (HR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18–0.81, p = 0.013), positive IDH1 expression (HR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.19–0.72, p = 0.039), and high NLR (HR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.03–3.56, p = 0.038) as independent predictors of poorer OS. No independent predictors of PFS were identified.
CLDN18.2 and IDH1 expression, along with NLR, are independent prognostic markers for OS in patients with unresectable PDAC undergoing first-line chemotherapy. These biomarkers may facilitate risk stratification and guide personalized treatment strategies. Further prospective validation is warranted to confirm their clinical utility.
Farmers’ Perception of the Efficacy of Current Climate risk Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies on Agriculture in The Gambia
Authors: Ceesay Sheriff , Lambarraa-Lehnhardt Fatima , Ndiaye Mohamed Ben Omar , Thiaw Diatou , Sawaneh Mamma , Schuler Johannes
Published: February 2025

Agricultural systems face increasing challenges due to climate change, necessitating effective adaptation and mitigation strategies. This study investigates smallholder farmers' perceptions of the efficacy of these strategies in The Gambia, employing a mixed-method approach that includes a Perception Index (PI), Effectiveness Score (ES), Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) and statistical analysis. A structured survey was conducted among 420 smallholder farmers across three agricultural regions. Farmers rated adaptation and mitigation strategies using a Likert scale, and a PI was developed to quantify their responses. The index was 0.66, indicating a moderate level of perceived effectiveness. Additionally, ES was calculated to assess the performance of various strategies, while IPA categorized strategies based on their adoption and perceived impact. Chi-square tests and factor analysis were applied to explore differences in perceptions. Findings reveal that strategies such as crop diversification, pesticide application, irrigation, and use of inorganic fertilizers are widely adopted and perceived as effective. The IPA matrix identified key strategies needing improvement, particularly those with high importance but low performance. Barriers to adoption include limited financial resources (77%), lack of government support (64%), and insufficient knowledge (52%), with no significant gender-based differences in perceptions. The study underscores the need for policy interventions that integrate farmers' perceptions to enhance climate resilience. Targeted investments in adaptive technologies, financial support, and knowledge-sharing platforms can improve adoption and effectiveness. This research provides valuable insights into the interplay between farmer perceptions, adaptation strategies, and agricultural sustainability in The Gambia.
Cold-Active Starch-Degrading Enzymes from a Cold and Alkaline Greenland Environment: Role of Ca2+ Ions and Conformational Dynamics in Psychrophilicity
Authors: Bendtsen Malthe Kjær , Nowak Jan Stanislaw , Paiva Pedro , Hernández Marcos Lórez , Ferreira Pedro , Pedersen Jan Skov , Bekker Nicolai Sundgaard , Viezzi Elia , Bisiak Francesco , Pedersen Lars Haastrup , Brodersen Ditlev E , Zervas Athanasios , Fernandes Pedro A. , Ramos Maria Joao , Stougaard Peter , Thøgersen Mariane Schmidt , Otzen Daniel E. E.
Published: February 2025

Cold-active enzymes hold promise in energy-efficient processes. Amylases are widely used in household and industrial applications, but only a few are cold-active. Here we describe three novel secreted amylases Rho13, Ika2 and I3C6, all from bacteria growing in the cold and alkaline ikaite columns in Greenland. They all hydrolysed starch to smaller malto-oligomers, but only Rho13 and Ika2 hydrolysed cyclodextrins and only Ika2 displayed transglycosylation activity. Ika2 forms a stable dimer, while both Rho13 and I3C6 are mainly monomeric. They all have optimal temperatures around 30-35℃ and significant activity below 20℃, but Rho13 and I3C6 had an alkaline pH optimum while Ika2 was markedly acidophilic. They show complex dependence on Ca2+ concentration, with activity of Rho13 and I3C6 following a bell-shaped dependence and Ika2 being unaffected; however, removal of Ca2+ reduces stability of all 3 enzymes. Loss of structure occurs well above the optimal activity, showing the characteristic psychrophilic divorce be-tween activity and stability. MD simulations showed that Ika2 did not have a well-defined Ca2+ binding site, while Rho13 and I3C6 both maintain one stably bound Ca2+ ion. We identified psychrophilic features as higher levels of backbone fluctuations compared to mesophilic counterparts, founded in a lower number of internal hydrogen bonds and salt bridges. This increased fluctuation is also found in regions outside the active site and may provide easier substrate access and ac-commodation and faster barrier transitions. Our work sheds further light on the many ways in which psychrophilic enzymes adapt to increased catalysis at lower temperatures.
Role of Secure Boot in Protecting UEFI Capsule Updates
Authors: Olaoye Godwin
Published: February 2025

The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) is an essential component of modern computing systems, providing a flexible and efficient interface between the operating system and firmware. One key feature of UEFI is Capsule Updates, which allow the secure delivery and installation of firmware updates, ensuring that the system can be kept up to date with the latest fixes and improvements. However, this update mechanism can also be vulnerable to malicious attacks, particularly Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks and other threats that target the integrity of the firmware update process. Secure Boot, a foundational security feature in UEFI, is designed to counter these vulnerabilities by ensuring that only trusted firmware is allowed to execute during the system’s boot process. Secure Boot verifies the authenticity of the firmware before it is loaded, checking for valid digital signatures to confirm that the firmware has not been tampered with. This prevents the installation of unauthorized or malicious updates that could compromise the system’s security by preventing attackers from introducing harmful code during the UEFI Capsule Update process.In addition to protecting against MITM attacks, Secure Boot helps guard against other risks, such as rootkits, malware, and unauthorized firmware downgrades. It works alongside other security measures, including digital signatures for update files, cryptographic hashing to verify the integrity of firmware, and Trusted Platform Module (TPM) to securely store cryptographic keys. Together, these technologies create a robust defense system that ensures firmware updates are authentic, intact, and safe from exploitation.This paper delves into the critical role of Secure Boot in protecting UEFI Capsule Updates, focusing on its ability to enforce trusted firmware environments, preventing malicious actors from gaining control over system firmware. Furthermore, the paper explores how Secure Boot integrates with other hardware-based security features, forming a multi-layered approach to safeguarding the entire update lifecycle. By leveraging these features, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of firmware-based attacks and ensure that the UEFI Capsule Update process remains secure and reliable.Ultimately, Secure Boot plays a vital role in fortifying the firmware update process against evolving cyber threats. As UEFI Capsule Updates are an essential part of modern systems' maintenance, implementing Secure Boot ensures that updates are both authentic and secure, protecting the system from potential vulnerabilities and providing a foundation for trustworthy and resilient computing.
Authentication and Integrity of UEFI Capsule Updates
Authors: Olaoye Godwin
Published: February 2025

The security of firmware updates is a fundamental aspect of protecting modern computing systems from vulnerabilities and malicious threats. UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) capsule updates provide a standardized method for delivering and applying firmware updates to system components. However, without proper authentication and integrity checks, these updates become prime targets for attackers seeking to compromise system security. This paper delves into the critical mechanisms that ensure the authentication and integrity of UEFI capsule updates, exploring how cryptographic techniques, such as digital signatures, public-key infrastructure (PKI), and hashing algorithms, safeguard the update process. Digital signatures play a vital role in verifying the authenticity of firmware updates, ensuring that only legitimate sources are trusted to deliver updates, while hash functions guarantee that the update content remains unaltered during transmission. The integrity of UEFI capsule updates is crucial for preventing attacks such as code injection, rollback vulnerabilities, and man-in-the-middle attacks, which can allow unauthorized modification of firmware. The paper examines common security risks associated with UEFI capsule updates, including the potential for supply chain attacks where attackers may inject malicious updates before distribution. Additionally, we discuss how mechanisms like Secure Boot and TPM (Trusted Platform Module) can enhance security by creating a trusted environment for firmware validation before updates are applied. We also address the role of secure transmission protocols, such as HTTPS and secure channels, in preventing interception and modification of firmware updates during the update process. With an increasing reliance on connected and remote devices, securing UEFI capsule updates becomes even more important, as vulnerabilities in firmware can be exploited to gain persistent control over systems. As such, the paper provides recommendations for best practices in securing the UEFI update mechanism, emphasizing the need for robust, multi-layered security strategies that combine cryptographic protections, hardware security, and secure communication channels to ensure the continued integrity and authenticity of firmware updates. These practices are essential for preventing malicious exploitation, maintaining system reliability, and upholding trust in modern computing infrastructures.
Defining a Satisfying Expected Value From Chosen Sequences of Bounded Functions Converging to Pathological Functions
Authors: Krishnan Bharath
Published: February 2025

Let n ∈ N and suppose function f : A ⊆ R^n → R, where A and f are Borel. We want a satisfying average for all pathological f (e.g., everywhere surjective f whose graph has zero Hausdorff measure in its dimension) taking finite values only. If this is impossible, we wish to average a nowhere continuous f defined on the rationals. The problem is that the expected value of these examples of f , w.r.t the Hausdorff measure in its dimension, is undefined. We fix this by taking the expected value of chosen sequences of bounded functions converging to f with the same satisfying and finite expected value. Note, “satisfying” is explained in the leading question which uses rigorous versions of phrases in the former paragraph and the “measure” of a bounded functions’ graph which involves minimal pair-wise disjoint covers of the graph with equal ε measure, sample points from each cover, paths of line segments between sample points, the lengths of the line segments in the path, removed lengths which are outliers, remaining lengths which are converted into a probability distribution, and the entropy of the distribution. We also explain “satisfying” by defining the actual rate expansion of a bounded functions’ graph and also “the rate of divergence” of a bounded functions’ graph compared to that of other bounded functions’ graphs.
Bridging Language Gaps in Medical Education: The Role of English Language Teaching in English-Medium Instruction
Authors: Suryanti Suryanti , Ahmed Idris , Hamzah Hamzah , Tunru Insan Sosiawan
Published: February 2025

This qualitative narrative synthesis examines the impact of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) in medical education through an English Language Teaching (ELT) lens. By reviewing studies from Scopus, Web of Science, and other reputable sources, we identify key themes: cognitive load in learning medicine in a second language, disparities in learning outcomes, faculty challenges, and pedagogical innovations. Findings highlight the importance of structured linguistic support, such as English for Medical Purposes programs and bilingual scaffolding, to enhance both medical competence and academic English proficiency. Integrating ELT strategies into EMI frameworks can improve comprehension, critical thinking, and communication skills, ensuring better learning experiences for non-native English-speaking students.
Integrating Agentic AI in Advanced FinTech Project Management
Authors: Pop Marius Vlad , Tonț Gabriela , Flonta Flavius-Viorel , Flore Marius
Published: February 2025

The FinTech sector has evolved into an ecosystem defined by fast technological ad-vancements, escalating competition, and dynamic regulatory frameworks. In this volatile environment, project management methodologies are crucial not only to keep pace with technological innovation but also to anticipate fluctuating user expectations while com-plying with regulatory demands.
This article highlights advanced project management frameworks adapted to FinTech software development, examining their guiding principles, operational benefits and challenges. Special emphasis is placed on integrating Agentic AI systems. This emergent class of artificial intelligence is capable of autonomous decision-making within required solution frameworks.
The interplay of such innovations with tools like GitHub Copilot is explored, illustrating the scope for enhanced productivity, user-centric iterations, and anticipatory compliance. The article provides a foresight into agentic systems, hyper-personalized User Experience (UX), and evolving compliance landscapes, offering a panoramic view essential for FinTech's next evolutionary step.
Defining Cut-Off Scores of a High Cu/Zn Ratio in Blood Plasma During Early Pregnancy
Authors: Pop Victor , Krabbe Johannes , Maret Wolfgang
Published: February 2025

Background / Objectives Pregnancy is a state of increased physiological inflammation. The Cu/Zn ratio in general has been associated with inflammation. The current study evaluated a cut-off of the Cu/Zn ratio taking a high CRP as outcome variable and investigated possible associations between a high Cu/Zn ratio and obstetric complications. Methods Using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROCcurve) technique, an upper cut-off level of the Cu/Zn ratio was evaluated in plasma of 2035 pregnant women with a high CRP (>95th percentile) as outcome test, assessed at 12 weeks of gestation. The occurrence of a high BMI, gestational diabetes (GDM), and high psychological distress in relation to a high Cu/Zn ratio was evaluated using logistic regression analysis (OR; 95% CI). Results ROC analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.78 – 0.84) and an upper Cu/Zn ratio cut-off level of 2.55 (sensitivity 64%, specificity 84%). Of the 382 women with a high Cu/Zn ratio, 60-66% showed adequate Cu and Zn levels (between the 10th-90th percentiles). Women with a pre-pregnancy BMI > 30 were three times more likely to present with a high Cu/Zn ratio (OR: 2.97; 95% CI: 2.15-4.13). Compared to 1304 women without any obstetric complication, the 108 women who developed GDM were two times more likely to present with a high Cu/Zn ratio at 12 weeks of gestation (O.R.: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.23 – 3.01). Also, women with a high Cu/Zn ratio were almost twice as likely to report persistently high distress symptom levels throughout gestation (O.R. = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.4-2.6). Conclusions A first trimester high Cu/Zn ratio of 2.55 discerns women at risk for developing GDM and high distress symptom levels throughout gestation.
The Informal City as Urban Idealisation
Authors: Marques Carlos
Published: February 2025

The informal city, also known as the clandestine city and usually associated with the phenomenon of urban self-organisation, is a reality that cuts across all societies today and occurs in the most diverse regions of the globe, which raises the question: Why do such different cultures, in such different geographies, adopt a common idea of an ‘informal city’ to live in? Despite the dramatic human condition that characterizes slums and informal settlements, it is challenging to understand how these settlements can be adopted as a living space for so many and so diverse populations, admitting the interpretation that it is a utopia and an urban idealization. Informal urbanisation processes occur outside the system and on the fringes of the practice of ‘institutional urban planning’, as a necessary and immediate response to the absence of public land policies, housing market failures or situations arising from social and economic crises. The object of this study is to find out to what extent the configuration of space, the territorialisation model and the morphology of the informal city, characterised by an entropic urbanism, corresponds to an urban organisational structure that occurs when it is up to society to provide its own habitat and urban environment.
Desmoid Tumor Management Chalanges: A Case Report and Literature Review on the Watch-and-Wait Approach in Recurrent Thoracic Fibromatosis
Authors: Perné Mirela-Georgiana , Alexescu Teodora Gabriela , Vlad Calin-Vasile , Milaciu Mircea Vasile , Leach Nicoleta Valentina , Togănel Răzvan Dan , Petre Gabriel Emil , Șimon Ioan , Zolog Vlad , Răzniceanu Vlad , Savin Bianca Alexandra , Ciumarnean Lorena , Orăşan Olga Hilda
Published: February 2025

Desmoid tumors are rare mesenchymal neoplasms arising from locally invasive fibroblasts. While they lack metastatic potential, they exhibit high local recurrence rates and can cause significant tissue destruction. We present the case of a 39-year-old female patient who initially presented with epigastric pain, pyrosis, and a palpable, firm, painless mass in the left upper quadrant, extending to the left hemithorax. Her medical history included treated cervical neoplasia. Clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and histopathological analysis suggested aggressive fibromatosis. The patient opted for a partial surgical excision, which resulted in tumor recurrence one year later, with infiltration of the ribs near the sternum. Despite oncological recommendations favoring conservative management, she opted for a second surgical intervention, involving an en-bloc resection of the tumor, the affected sternum and ribs, followed by thoracic wall reconstruction.
Steps for Selecting the Right Research Topic in Advanced Medical Sciences. A Guide for Master’s and Doctoral Students
Authors: Tushe Mirela
Published: February 2025

Selecting the right research topic for advanced medical sciences is a crucial step for master’s and doctoral students. This article explores the process of choosing an appropriate research topic, focusing on the key factors and methodologies that should be considered. It emphasizes the importance of relevance to the field, available resources, and personal interest, as well as the potential impact on advancing medical knowledge and practice. By reviewing relevant literature, this paper offers guidance to students in navigating the complexities of research topic selection. A systematic approach to selecting topics can ensure students contribute valuable insights to the medical community. The results highlight critical considerations such as clinical relevance, feasibility, and alignment with the current state of medical research.
Redefining Fabric Performance: Advanced Strategies for Enhanced Durability and Functionality
Authors: Islam Rofi MD Rofiul
Published: February 2025

Extensive research into sophisticated surface modification techniques has been prompted by the growing demand for high-performance fabrics with improved mechanical, thermal, and interfacial qualities. This study examines how novel techniques, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and cold plasma treatment, affect the structural and functional properties of textile materials, especially blends of cotton and nylon. The study looks at how different treatments affect the fabric's tensile strength, adhesion, durability, elongation, and resistance to environmental influences. Significant gains in surface energy, fiber-matrix bonding, and overall performance are shown by comparing untreated and treated samples. The improved mechanical integrity and functional adaptability of the changed fabrics are confirmed by experimental results from surface roughness measures, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tensile testing. The study's conclusions provide fresh perspectives on how to best utilize textile materials for high-performance uses in sectors like technical textiles, sportswear, and protective apparel.
Rutting and Aging Properties of Recycled Polymer Modified Pavement Materials
Authors: Mashaan Nuha S , Dassanayake Chathurika
Published: February 2025

Recycled polymer-modified binders have emerged as a sustainable solution for improving the performance and durability of pavement materials. This review examines the rutting and aging properties of pavements modified with recycled polymers, highlighting their potential for sus-tainable infrastructure development. The incorporation of recycled polymers into bitumen en-hances resistance to rutting and aging by improving the binder's mechanical stability and oxida-tive durability. Key laboratory techniques, including the Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT) and Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV), are evaluated for their effectiveness in assessing the thermal and oxidative aging behavior of modified binders. The review demonstrates that recycled poly-mers improve binder elasticity, delay oxidative degradation, and mitigate deformation under repeated loading, thus extending pavement lifespan and reducing maintenance costs. However, challenges such as optimizing polymer dosage, ensuring homogeneity, and predicting long-term performance require further investigation. This paper underscores the environmental and eco-nomic benefits of utilizing recycled polymers in pavement construction and advocates for im-proved testing protocols and advanced characterization techniques to enhance the reliability and sustainability of polymer-modified pavements.
Lexical Transfer in Written Corpus of Learners of Portuguese as a Foreign Language
Authors: Baldo Alessandra
Published: February 2025

This article presents a study on lexical deviations due to borrowings and neologisms made by 15 proficient learners of Portuguese whose native language (L1) was Italian, based on the analysis of ninety texts. The main objectives were twofold: (i) to identify the lexical deviations with the highest number of occurrences and (ii) to verify whether the language most frequently used in the deviations was the L1 or a previously acquired foreign language (FL). The data analysis resulted in the identification of 28 lexical deviations, mostly neologisms, as well as the use of the L1 as the preferred source language. Research findings challenge Kellerman’s (1977) psychotypological hypothesis of languages, which asserts that the language typologically closest to L1, rather than L1 itself, is most frequently employed in lexical deviations. Explanations to the study outcomes will be based on research findings from Garcia-Lecumberri & Gallardo (2003) and Llach (2010).
A Computational Framework for Analyzing and Supporting Invention Dialogues
Authors: Galitsky Boris A. , Rybalov Alexander
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces a novel computational framework for analyzing and supporting invention dialogues, focusing on the interplay between problem-solving and creative reasoning. We propose a formalism for invention dialogues that captures the structure, patterns, and phase transitions. We leverage category-theoretic representation to describe the transformations in idea development, effectively modeling the processes of abstraction, refinement, and integration. Third, we frame invention as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP), enabling the representation of constraints and dependencies within the design process. Also, we present a Unified Model for Creative Reasoning, integrating dialogue formalism, category theory, and CSP frameworks into a cohesive computational approach. Finally, we explore the pedagogical value of invention dialogues, demonstrating their potential for training and enhancing creative problem-solving skills. Our contributions provide a robust theoretical foundation and practical tools for understanding and fostering innovation in both human and machine contexts in the form of invention dialogues. We evaluate the pedagogical value of automatically constructed invention dialogue and observe a substantial improvement of learning efficiency in comparison to plain text form of learning material.
Cytokine Profiling in Vaginal Specimens from Asymptomatic Women with Human Papillomavirus and/or Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Kebede Habtamu Biazin , Tsehay Dareskedar , Mekuria Selamawit , Forslund Ola , Borgfeldt Christer , Jerkeman Mats , Abebe Tamrat , Mihret Adane
Published: February 2025

Background: The primary cause of cervical cancer is the high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV); the infection patterns may vary depending on the state of the vaginal immune system. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and chlamydia can alter the local immune response, which in turn may affect the persistence and progression rate of hrHPV infections. The objective of this study was to compare cytokine levels from vaginal specimens collected from hrHPV positive, STI positive, and healthy controls, and to explore correlations with clinical parameters. Methods: Vaginal samples were collected from women diagnosed with hrHPV, asymptomatic STIs, and healthy controls. HrHPV and STIs status were confirmed through multiplex real time PCR. Vaginal cytokines and various growth factors were analyzed by Invitrogen ProcartaPlex™ Multiplex Immunoassay. Statistical analyses were performed to compare cytokine levels across different groups and to explore correlations with clinical parameters. Results: Women having STIs and hrHPV coinfection(n=26) had increased median concentration levels of Eotaxin (P=0.04), IL-2 (P=0.01), IL-10 (P=0.02), and IP-10 (P=0.04) compared to the control groups(n=22). Asymptomatic women with STIs (n=16) exhibited a distinct cytokine profile characterized by elevated levels of IL-2 (P=0.02) compared with control groups. Women with hrHPV(n=16) had lower levels of IL-15 (P=0.02) compared to controls. The median concentration levels of TNF-α (P=0.04), IL-1β (P=0.02), and EGF (P=0.01) were significantly greater in ≥CIN2+(n=8) than ≤CIN1(n=25). The area under the curve (AUC) of EGF, IL-1β, and the combination of EGF+IL-1β +TNF-α was good predictor for high-grade cervical lesions. Conclusion: The cytokine profiling revealed significant alterations in the vaginal immune environment in women with asymptomatic STIs and co-infection with hrHPV. The findings suggest that an inflammatory response in hrHPV infection may be modulated by co-existing STIs, potentially influencing disease progression. Elevated levels of EGF, IL-1β, and TNF-α in vaginal swabs suggest an inflammatory and proliferative environment that can contribute to the development and progression of cervical dysplasia.
Comparative Effects of Time-Restricted Eating and the Ketogenic Diet on QRISK3-Assessed Cardiovascular Risk in Individuals with Obesity: A Longitudinal Analysis of Metabolic, Anthropometric and Lifestyle Factors
Authors: Pescari Denisa , Mihuta Monica Simina , Bena Andreea , Stoian Dana
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Obesity is a growing public health issue, particularly among young adults, with long-term dietary strategies still under debate. This study evaluates the impact of the ketogenic diet (KD) and time-restricted eating (TRE) on QRISK3 cardiovascular risk scores over three months in individuals with obesity. Methods: Forty-nine participants were assigned to either a KD (n=23) with a controlled macronutrient composition or TRE (n=26) without specific macronutrient distribution. A certified clinical nutritionist prescribed and monitored the dietary interventions. Anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, and QRISK3 scores were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks to evaluate cardiovascular risk modifications. Results: Both interventions significantly reduced BMI (TRE: p < 0.001, KD: p < 0.001), waist circumference (WC) (TRE: p < 0.001, KD: p < 0.001), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (TRE: p < 0.001, KD: p < 0.001). However, the KD led to superior metabolic improvements, including increased HDL-C (p < 0.001) and a lower TC/HDL-C ratio (p < 0.001), while TRE showed no significant HDL-C changes (p = 0.30). Systolic blood pressure improved significantly only in the KD group (p < 0.001). QRISK3 scores declined in both groups (TRE: p = 0.05, KD: p < 0.001), with a greater reduction in KD. Linear regression (adjusted R² = 0.975) identified baseline QRISK (p < 0.001) as the strongest predictor of final QRISK scores, while fasting glucose (p = 0.015) and atrial fibrillation (p = 0.048) were associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Interaction analysis (adjusted R² = 0.495) showed that older participants in the KD group experienced a more pronounced QRISK reduction (p = 0.011); Conclusions: The ketogenic diet proved to be more effective than time-restricted eating in reducing cardiovascular risk, improving lipid profile, and enhancing glycemic control. These findings support KD as a superior dietary intervention for individuals with obesity and metabolic dysfunction.