bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioactive Algal-Derived Polysaccharides: Multi-Functionalization, Therapeutic Potential and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Muhamad Ida Idayu , Zulkifli Nabilah , Selvakumaran Suguna a/p , Lazim Nurul Asmak Md
Published: July 2019

Background:

In recent decades, there has been an increased interest in the utilization of polysaccharides
showing biological activity for various novel applications owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability,
non-toxicity, and some specific therapeutic activities. Increasing studies have started in the past few years to
develop algal polysaccharides-based biomaterials for various applications.

Methods:

Saccharide mapping or enzymatic profiling plays a role in quality control of polysaccharides. Whereby,
in vitro and in vivo tests as well as toxicity level discriminating polysaccharides biological activities. Extraction
and purification methods are performed in obtaining algal derived polysaccharides followed by chromatographic
profiles of their active compounds, structural features, physicochemical properties, and reported biological activities.

Results:

Marine algae are capable of synthesizing Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and non-GAGs or GAG mimetics
such as sulfated glycans. The cell walls of algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan,
ulvan and fucoidan. These biopolymers are widely used algal-derived polysaccharides for biological
and biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and availability. They constitute biochemical compounds
that have multi-functionalization, therapeutic potential and immunomodulatory abilities, making them
promising bioactive products and biomaterials with a wide range of biomedical applications.

Conclusion:

Algal-derived polysaccharides with clearly elucidated compositions/structures, identified cellular
activities, as well as desirable physical properties have shown the potential that may create new opportunities.
They could be maximally exploited to serve as therapeutic tools such as immunoregulatory agents or drug delivery
vehicles. Hence, novel strategies could be applied to tailor multi-functionalization of the polysaccharides from
algal species with vast biomedical application potentials.
The Role of Autophagy and Death Pathways in Dose-dependent Isoproterenolinduced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Gyongyosi Alexandra , Zilinyi Rita , Czegledi Andras , Tosaki Agnes , Tosaki Arpad , Lekli Istvan
Published: July 2019

Background:

Isoproterenol (ISO) is a non-selective β-adrenergic agonist. Our aims were to investigate
the autophagy and cell death pathways including apoptosis and necrosis in ISO-induced cardiac injury in a dosedependent
manner.

Methods:

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 24 hours with I. vehicle (saline); II. 0.005 mg/kg ISO; III.
0.05 mg/kg ISO; IV. 0.5 mg/kg ISO; V. 5 mg/kg ISO; VI. 50 mg/kg ISO, respectively. Hearts were isolated and
infarct size was measured. Serum levels of Troponin T (TrT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase isoenzyme
MB (CK-MB) were measured. TUNEL assay was carried out to monitor apoptotic cell death and Western
blot was performed to evaluate the level of autophagic and apoptotic markers.

Results:

Survival rate of animals was dose-dependently decreased by ISO. Serum markers and infarct size revealed
the development of cardiac toxicity. Level of Caspase-3, and results of TUNEL assay, demonstrated that
the level of apoptosis was dose-dependently increased. They reached the highest level in ISO 5 and it decreased
slightly in ISO 50 group. Focusing on autophagic proteins, we found that level of Beclin-1 was increased in a
dose-dependent manner, but significantly increased in ISO 50 treated group. Level of LC3B-II and p62 showed
the same manner, but the elevated level of p62 indicated that autophagy was impaired in both ISO 5 and ISO 50
groups.

Conclusion:

Taken together these results suggest that at smaller dose of ISO autophagy may cope with the toxic
effect of ISO; however, at higher dose apoptosis is initiated and at the highest dose substantial necrosis occurs.
Navigating Research Toward the Re-emerging Nipah Virus- A New Piece to the Puzzle
Authors: Ramharack Pritika , Devnarain Nikita , Shunmugam Letitia , Soliman Mahmoud E.S.
Published: July 2019

Background:

The recent Nipah virus (NiV) outbreak in India has caused a state of chaos, with potential to become the next international pandemic. There is still a great deal to learn about NiV for the development of a potent treatment against it. The NiV non-structural proteins play important roles in the lifecycle of the virus, with the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) being a vital component in viral replication. In this study, we not only provide a comprehensive overview of all the literature concerning NiV, we also propose a model of the NiV RdRp and screen for potential inhibitors of the viral enzyme.

Objectives:

In this study, computational tools were utilized in the design of a NiV RdRp homology model. The active site of RdRp was then identified and potential inhibitors of the protein were discovered with the use of pharmacophore-based screening.

Methods:

In this study, computational tools were utilized in the design of a NiV RdRp homology model. The active site of RdRp was then identified and potential inhibitors of the protein were discovered with the use of pharmacophore-based screening.

Results:

Ramachandran plot analysis revealed a favourable model. Upon binding of nucleoside analog, 4’- Azidocytidine, active site residues Trp1714 and Ser1713 took part in stabilizing hydrogen bonds, while Thr1716, Ser1478, Ser1476 and Glu1465 contributed to hydrophobic interactions. Pharmacophore based screening yielded 18 hits, of which ZINC00085930 demonstrated the most optimal binding energy (-8.1 kcal/mol), validating its use for further analysis as an inhibitor of NiV.

Conclusion:

In this study we provide a critical guide, elucidating on the in silico requirements of the drug design and discovery process against NiV. This material lays a foundation for future research into the design and development of drugs that inhibit NiV.
NINJ2 Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Ischemic Stroke: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nie Fangfang , Yu Mingli , Liu Mengwei , Shang Mengke , Zeng Fanxin , Liu Wanyang
Published: July 2019

Background:

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a significant disease which threatens human health
condition. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have demonstrated that two intergenic single-
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs11833579 and rs12425791 G>A on chromosome 12p13
are associated with IS susceptibility. However, later studies came to contradictory outcomes. Thus,
we carried out a meta-analysis to identify the association between nerve injury-induced protein 2
(NINJ2) gene polymorphisms (rs11833579 and rs12425791) and the risk of IS.

Methods:

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CBM, Wanfang, VIP, and CNKI databases were
searched until March 2019. Data was analyzed by RevMan 5.3 and STATA 12.0 software. The
pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the strength of the
association.

Results:

Eighteen qualified articles were selected in total. For rs12425791 and rs11833579, a total
of 14055 cases with 13148 controls and 10635 cases with 10462 controls, respectively, were identified
for the present study. Our meta-analysis found that rs12425791 was associated with IS for
three genetic models (allele model: OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.08, P=0.04; dominant model:
OR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12, P=0.01 and heterozygous model: OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12,
P=0.02). Whereas rs11833579 polymorphism was not associated with IS among different genetic
models.

Conclusion:

NINJ2 gene rs12425791 confers a susceptible factor for IS, while there is no association
between NINJ2 gene rs11833579 and IS. Larger sample size studies should be performed to
find the association between NINJ2 gene and IS.
Constipation Increases Disability and Decreases Dopamine Levels in the Nigrostriatal System through Gastric Inflammatory Factors in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Zhou Yongtao , Su Yusheng , Xu Weihua , Wang Wei , Yao Shukun
Published: July 2019

Objective:

Recent studies suggest that not only is constipation a clinical marker of premotor
phase in Parkinson’s Disease (PD), but is also correlated with the duration and severity.
Some reports indicated that inflammatory from gut dysbiosis might be involved in the pathogenesis
of PD, but the correlation between them remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate
how the presence of constipation affects the dopamine level of nigrostriatal system and
whether gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation is involved in the brain-gut axis.

Methods:

Clinical materials, serum inflammatory factors, and datum of dopamine level including
84 cases and 83 controls, were collected consecutively and randomly from November 1, 2017 to
October 31, 2018. Dopamine levels of nigrostriatal system were detected by [18F]-DTBZ radiotracer
(18F-AV-133). Data analysis was conducted by variance, covariance analysis, bicorrelation,
partial correlation, chi-square analysis and logistic regression.

Results:

The mean age of cases was older than that of controls, and male predominance was also
observed (P<0.05). The mean scores of Hoehn-Yahr and unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale
Ⅲ (UPDRS-Ⅲ) were of significantly different duration between two groups (P<0.05). The total
dose of levodopa was not different between two groups (P>0.05). The dopamine levels of putamen
and caudate nucleus, especially in the dorsal part of putamen, were significantly decreased in cases
than that in controls (P<0.05). There were significant differences of complement 3 (C3) and complement
4 (C4) between cases and controls (P<0.05). Dopamine levels in putamen and caudate nucleus
were negatively correlated with serum concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin
G (IgG) and C3 in cases (P<0.05). But we did not observe similar negative correlations in
controls (P>0.05).

Conclusion:

The presence of constipation may increase the severity of motor symptoms and decrease
dopamine levels of nigrostriatal system in PD. Inflammatory factors may be involved in the
brain-gut axis of PD.
Chemical Intuition in Drug Design and Discovery
Authors: Pedreira Júlia G.B. , Franco Lucas S. , Barreiro Eliezer J.
Published: July 2019

The medicinal chemist plays the most important role in drug design, discovery and development. The primary goal is to discover leads and optimize them to develop clinically useful drug candidates. This process requires the medicinal chemist to deal with large sets of data containing chemical descriptors, pharmacological data, pharmacokinetics parameters, and in silico predictions. The modern medicinal chemist has a large number of tools and technologies to aid him in creating strategies and supporting decision-making. Alongside with these tools, human cognition, experience and creativity are fundamental to drug research and are important for the chemical intuition of medicinal chemists. Therefore, fine-tuning of data processing and in-house experience are essential to reach clinical trials. In this article, we will provide an expert opinion on how chemical intuition contributes to the discovery of drugs, discuss where it is involved in the modern drug discovery process, and demonstrate how multidisciplinary teams can create the optimal environment for drug design, discovery, and development.
Nanoparticles and Its Implications in HIV/AIDS Therapy
Authors: Oti Victor B.
Published: July 2019

The use of Antiretroviral drugs in treating HIV/ AIDS patients has enormously increased
their life spans with serious disadvantages. The virus infection still remains a public health
problem worldwide with no cure and vaccine for the viral agent until now. The use of nanoparticles
(NPs) for the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS is an emerging technology of the 21st
century. NPs are solid and colloid particles with 10 nm to <1000 nm size range; although, less than
200 nm is the recommended size for nanomedical usage. There are NPs with therapeutic capabilities
such as liposomes, micelles, dendrimers and nanocapsules. The particle enters the body mainly
via oral intake, direct injection and inhalation. It has been proven to have potentials of advancing
the prevention and treatment of the viral agent. Certain NPs have been shown to have selftherapeutic
activity for the virus in vitro. Strategies that are novel are emerging which can be used
to improve nanotechnology, such as genetic treatment and immunotherapy. In this review, nanoparticles,
the types and its characteristics in drug delivery were discussed. The light was furthermore
shed on its implications in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS.
A Definitive Pharmacophore Modelling Study on CDK2 ATP Pocket Binders: Tracing the Path of New Virtual High-Throughput Screenings
Authors: Tutone Marco , Culletta Giulia , Livecchi Luca , Almerico Anna M.
Published: July 2019

Cyclin Dependent Kinases-2 (CDK2) are members of serine/threonine protein kinases
family. They play an important role in the regulation events of the eukaryotic cell division cycle,
especially during the G1 to S phase transition. Experimental evidence indicate that excessive expression
of CDK2s should cause abnormal cell cycle regulation. Therefore, since a long time,
CDK2s have been considered potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. In this work, onehundred
and forty-nine complexes of inhibitors bound in the CDK2-ATP pocket were submitted to
short MD simulations (10ns) and free energy calculation. Comparison with experimental data (Ki,
Kd and pIC50) revealed that short simulations are exhaustive to examine the crucial ligand-protein
interactions within the complexes. Information collected on MD simulations of protein-ligand
complexes has been used to perform a molecular modelling approach that incorporates flexibility
into structure-based pharmacophore modelling (Common Hits Approach, CHA). The high number
of pharmacophore models resulting from the MD simulation was thus reduced to a few representative
groups of pharmacophore models. The performance of the models has been assessed by using
the ROC curves analysis. This definitive set of validated pharmacophore models could be used to
screen in-house and/or commercial datasets for detection of new CDK-2 inhibitors. We provide
the models to all the researchers involved in this field.
Uses of Cyclohexan-1,3-dione for the Synthesis of Thiazole, Pyrazole, Thiophene, Isoxazole and Pyran Derivatives with Antitumor Activities
Authors: Mohareb Rafat Milad , Megally Abdo Nadia Youssef , Al-darkazali Waleed Nabeel
Published: July 2019

Background:

A wide range of thiazole, pyrazole and pyran derivatives gained special
attention due to pharmacological activities especially therapeutic activities. Many pharmacological
drugs containing the thiazole and pyrazole nuclei are known in the market.

Methods:

The 2-arylidencyclohexan-1,3-dione 3a-c were the key starting compounds for many
heterocyclic reactions to produce substituted heterocyclic derivatives.

Results:

Antiproliferative activities of the produced compounds against six cancer cell lines A549,
HT-29, MKN-45, U87MG, SMMC-7721 and H460 were measured in which the compounds showed
high inhibition. The most promising compounds were tested against tyrosine kinases (c-Kit, Flt-3,
VEGFR-2, EGFR, and PDGFR). Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) was rationalized by
assessing the varying structural features of the molecules. In addition, the most active compounds
were selected for Pim-1 inhibition.

Conclusion:

Thirty compounds were synthesized. Ten of them (3a, 3c, 5a, 5c, 7a, 10f, 11a, 13c, 16a
and 16c) were the most active compounds for selected cancer cell lines. Compounds 3c, 5c, 7a, 10f,
13c and 16c showed high inhibition toward the tyrosine kinases while compounds 3c, 5c and 10f
were the most potent to inhibit Pim-1.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus in A State in South East Nigeria: Results of a Population Based House to House Survey
Authors: Ezeani Ignatius U. , Chukwuonye Innocent I. , Onyeonoro Ugochukwu U. , Chuku Abali , Ogah Okechukwu S.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Population based studies on diabetes mellitus (DM) are scarce in Nigeria.

Introduction:

This was a population-based house to house survey aimed at determining the prevalence
of DM and assessing the risk factors associated with DM in a state in Southeast Nigeria.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional observational study in which 1680 adults were recruited using a
multistage sampling method to randomly select not more than two suitable participants of both sex in
each household from four enumeration areas (EAs) in each local government area (LGA) and the three
senatorial zones in the state. A modified World Health Organization (WHO) Stepwise Approach to
Surveillance questionnaire was used for data collection and random blood glucose (RBG) was measured
after anthropometric assessment. Test statistics used were chi-square, t-test, and logistic regression.

Results:

The overall prevalence of DM in this study was 3.3%. A positive family history of DM was
significantly higher in patients with diabetes: 18.2% vs. 9.6% (p=0.036). The mean (SD) of weight,
body mass index (BMI), hip circumference (HC) and waist circumference (WC) were significantly
higher in patients with DM(p=0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001, respectively).The odd ratio (95% CI) of a
person>35years developing DM was 3.89(1.11-13.60). The OR (95% CI) for waist-hip ratio (WHR)
was 3.04 (1.02-9.03) and family history of DM had an OR of 2.62(0.88-6.50). The odd of developing
DM is positively associated with age>35years, increased WHR, WC, family history of DM,
BMI>25Kg/m2, and HC. The odd of developing DM was negatively associated with smoking.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of DM in this study was 3.3%. A BMI>25 kg/m2, WHR >0.85, family history
of DM, HC, and older age were associated with significantly higher prevalence.
A Review on Approaches of Edible Coating as Potential Packaging for Meat, Poultry and Seafood
Authors: Gat Punam , Rafiq Shafiya , Vysakh Thelamparambath , Gat Yogesh , Waghmare Roji
Published: July 2019

The World population is increasing continuously and to fulfil the requirement of future
generation food supply needs to be increased. Food availability and accessibility can be increased by
increasing production, improving distribution, and reducing the losses. To achieve the goal of improving
the quality of food products, the use of synthetic packaging films has increased and this has
led to serious ecological problems due to their non-biodegradability. Amongst other alternatives to
replace the use of synthetic packaging, the application of biodegradable films and coatings has shown
promising results. The aim of this article is to update the information about the effects of polysaccharide,
protein and lipid-based coatings, and antimicrobial and composite coatings on meat products. In the
future, this data will be helpful for the processors to select the best coating material which can
enhance the quality of different fresh, processed and frozen meat, poultry and seafood.
The Perplexity of Synergistic Duality: Inter-molecular Mechanisms of Communication in BCR-ABL1
Authors: Elrashedy Ahmed A. , Ramharack Pritika , Soliman Mahmoud E.S.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Aberrant and proliferative expression of the oncogene BCR-ABL in bone marrow cells is one of the prime causes of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). It has been established that the tyrosine kinase domain of the BCR-ABL protein is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CML. Although the first and second line inhibitors against the enzyme are available, recent studies have indicated that monotherapeutic resistance has become a great challenge.

Objective:

In recent studies, the dual inhibition of BCR-ABL by Nilotinib and Asciminib has been shown to overcome drug resistance. This prompted us to investigate the dynamics behind this novel drug combination.

Methods:

By the utilization of a wide range of computational tools, we defined and compared BCR-ABL’s structural and dynamic characteristics when bound as a dual inhibitor system.

Results:

Conformational ensemble analysis presented a sustained inactive protein, as the activation loop, inclusive of the characteristic Tyr257, remained in an open position due to the unassailable binding of Asciminib at the allosteric site. Nilotinib also indicated stronger binding at the catalytic site in the presence of Asciminib, thus exposing new avenues in treating Nilotinib-resistance. This was in accordance with intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions with key binding site residues GLU399, Asn259 and Thr252.

Conclusion:

The investigations carried out in this study gave rise to new possibilities in the treatment of resistance in CML, as well as assisting in the design of novel and selective inhibitors as dual anti-cancer drugs.
Telomerase Biology Associations Offer Keys to Cancer and Aging Therapeutics
Authors: Smith-Sonneborn Joan
Published: July 2019

Background:

Although telomerase has potential for age-related disease intervention, the
overexpression of telomerase in about 90% of cancers, and in HIV virus reservoirs, cautions against
se in anti-aging telomerase therapeutics. While multiple reviews document the canonical function
of telomerase for maintenance of telomeres, as well as an increasing numbers of reviews that reveal
new non-canonical functions of telomerase, there was no systematic review that focuses on the array
of associates of the subunit of Telomerase Reverse transcriptase protein (TERT) as pieces of
the puzzle to assemble a picture of the how specific TERT complexes uniquely impact aging and
age-related diseases and more can be expected.

Methods:

A structured search of bibliographic data on TERT complexes was undertaken using databases
from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Pubmed with extensive access to
biomedical and genomic information in order to obtain a unique documented and cited overview of
TERT complexes that may uniquely impact aging and age-related diseases.

Results:

The TERT associations include proper folding, intracellular TERT transport, metabolism,
mitochondrial ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) regulation, inflammation, cell division, cell death,
and gene expression, in addition to the well-known telomere maintenance. While increase of cell
cycle inhibitors promote aging, in cancer, the cell cycle check-point regulators are ambushed in favor
of cell proliferation, while cytoplasmic TERT protects a cell cycle inhibitor in oxidative stress.
The oncogene cMyc regulates gene expression for overexpression of TERT, and reduction of cell
cycle inhibitors-the perfect storm for cancer promotion. TERT binds with the oncogene RMRP
RNA, and TERT-RMRP function can regulate levels of that oncogene RNA, and TERT in a TBN
complex can regulate heterochromatin. Telomerase benefit and novel function in neurology and
cardiology studies open new anti- aging hope. GV1001, a 16 amino acid peptide of TERT that associates
with Heat Shock Proteins (HSP’s), bypasses the cell membrane with remarkable anti disease
potential.

Conclusions:

TERT “associates” are anti-cancer targets for downregulation, but upregulation in
antiaging therapy. The overview revealed that unique TERT associations that impact all seven pillars
of aging identified by the Trans-NIH Geroscience Initiative that influence aging and urge research
for appropriate targeted telomerase supplements/ stimulation, and inclusion in National Institute
on Aging Intervention Testing Program. The preference for use of available “smart drugs”,
targeted to only cancer, not off-target anti- aging telomerase is implied by the multiplicity of TERT
associates functions.
Kadar Hormon Kortisol dan Rasio Neutrofil/Limfosit (N/L) Satwa Lutung Jawa pada Saat di Kandang Perawatan dan Kandang Karantina di Hutan Coban Talun, Batu
Authors: Titisari Nurina , Asri Khairiza , Fauzi Ahmad , Masnur Ida , Kurniawan Iwan
Published: July 2019

Program rehabilitasi lutung Jawa di Javan Langur Center menggunakan tiga kandang adaptasi yaitu kandang perawatan, karantina dan sosialisasi. Lutung yang baru datang sering mengalami stress akibat perbedaan perlakuan selama dipelihara oleh masyarakat. Hal ini bisa menimbulkan tidak terbentuknya interaksi kawanan satwa pada saat pengelompokan sebelum dilepasliarkan. Perubahan tingkah laku satwa sifatnya individual sehingga terkadang tidak dapat menunjukkan kondisi stres. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan pengukuran tingkat stres yang lain seperti hormon kortisol dan rasio neutrophil per limfosit. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui kesiapan satwa tersebut sebelum dimasukkan ke kandang sosialisasi. Hewan coba berasal dari hutan Coban Talun, Javan Langur Center (JLC), Batu yang sedang menjalani program rehabilitasi.Â  Sebanyak lima ekor lutung Jawa berumur 2 hingga 8 tahun, berjenis kelamin betina dan jantan diambil sampel serum dan darah. Pengujian kadar hormon kortisol dengan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) dan uji diferensiasi leukosit.dilakukan untuk menghitung rasio neutrofil: limfosit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata kadar kortisol dan rasio N/L pada sampel lutung Jawa pada kandang karantina mengalami penurunan dibandingkan pada saat berada di kandang perawatan. Namun secara individual juga terdapat satwa yang mengalami peningkatan. Terdapatnya variasi tingkat stress pada lutung Jawa ini tergantung kepada kemampuan individu satwa dalam menganggapi cekaman.
Perbandingan Kadar Kortisol dan Rasio N/L (Neutrofil/Limfosit) Antara Lutung Jawa Jantan dan Betina di Kandang Sosialisasi
Authors: Titisari Nurina , Anindia Niko , Fauzi Ahmad , Masnur Ida , Kuniawan Iwan
Published: July 2019

Status sosial lutung Jawa pada satu kelompok dapat menyebabkan peningkatan stress. Primata dominan cenderung menunjukkan tingkat stress yang lebih rendah dibandingkan primata subordinat. Di tempat penangkaran kejadian ini sering muncul pada lutung Jawa di kandang pengelompokan. Dalam penelitian ini kandang tersebut adalah kandang sosialisasi yang merupakan kandang terakhir sebelum dilepaskan ke alam. Kelompok primata tersebut harus terbebas dari penyakit dan memiliki tingkat stres yang rendah agar mampu bertahan hidup. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat tingkat stres sebagai salah satu indikator kesiapan pelepasan lutung jawa yang diukur berdasarkan kadar kortisol serum dan rasio Neutrofil per limfosit darah. Lutung Jawa yang digunakan berasal dari pusat rehabilitasi satwa yang terletak di kota Batu. Rentang umur satwa yang digunakan adalah 2-10 tahun dengan jenis kelamin jantan dan betina. Kadar kortisol diukur menggunakan metode ELISA indirect gelombang 450 nm dan kadar neutrofil per limfosit diukur menggunakan hematology analyzer. Data yang didapatkan dianalisa secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian didapatkan kadar kortisol rata-rata pada lutung betina sebesar 118.01 ng/mL sedangkan pada lutung Jawa jantan sebesar 117.04 ng/mL.Â  Nilai rasio neutrofil per limfosit lutung jantan sebesar 5.43 dan betina sebesar 7.88. Kesimpulannya nilai kadar kortisol dan rasio neutrophil/limpfosit dikandang sosialisasi pada lutung jantan lebih rendah daripada lutung betina.
Analisis Profil Protein Darah Induk Kambing Peranakan Etawah Bunting Tua Dengan Perlakuan Steaming Up
Authors: Dharmawan Rachmad , Surjowardojo Puguh , Susilorini Tri Eko
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek steaming up selama kebuntingan tua terhadap profil protein darah induk kambing Peranakan Etawah. 12 ekor induk kambing dipilih berdasarkan periode laktasi kedua dan ketiga. Perlakuan pertama sebagai kontrol (P0), perlakuan kedua dan ketiga adalah steaming up menggunakan Gliricidia sepium 0,4% BK (P1) dan 0,8% BK (P2). Seluruh perlakuan diberikan pakan basal konsentrat 0,9% BK dan Pennisetum purpureum secara ad-libitum. Data dianalisis menggunakan Anova dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Data profil protein darah induk kambing PE bunting tua dianalisis secara deskriptif eksploratif. Perlakuan Steaming up memberikan perbedaan yang nyata pada konsumsi BK, BO, dan PK (P<0,05). Praperlakuan steaming up menghasilkan 18 pita protein dengan berat molekul 15-158 kDa. Pasca perlakuan P0 menghasilkan 18 pita protein dengan berat molekul 15-158 kDa, P1 menghasilkan 19 pita protein dengan berat molekul 15-158 kDa. P2 menghasilkan 22 pita protein dengan berat molekul 15-158 kDa. Kesimpulan dari penelitian yaitu steaming up Gliricidia sepium sebesar 0,8% menghasilkan 22 pita protein dengan berat molekul yang berbeda. Banyaknya pita yang muncul dikaitkan dengan keberhasilan perlakuan steaming up pada kebuntingan tua.
Identifikasi Sifat-Sifat Produksi Persilangan Babi Duroc ean Yokshire
Authors: Tribudi Yuli Arif , Andri Andri , Lestari Retno Budi
Published: July 2019

Penelitian dilakukan di peternakan babi PT Fajar Semesta Indah di Singkawang Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui performans produksi pada babi Duroc, Yorkshire serta persilangannya. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bangsa babi Yorkshire, Duroc, persilangan Yorkshire-Duroc serta persilangan Duroc- Yorkshire dengan jumlah masing-masing 197 ekor; 264 ekor; 168 ekor dan 275 ekor. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengamatan dan pengukuran langsung pada ternak babi dengan menggunakan data primer. Penentuan sample menggunakan purposive sampling. Variabel yang diamati adalah litter size, berat lahir, berat sapih dan mortalitas anak babi prasapih. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh bangsa terhadap sifat produksi digunakan analisis ragam Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rataan litter size, berat lahir dan berat sapih anak babi masing-masing pada bangsa babi Yorkshire (9,38Â±2,87 ekor; 1,24Â±0,25 kg dan 6,73Â±0,71 kg), DurocÂ  (8,41Â±3,26 ekor; 1,23Â±0,26 kg dan 6,54Â±1,07 kg); babi persilangan Yorkshire-Duroc (9,88Â±3,04 ekor; 1,26Â±0,36 kg dan 6,84Â±0,78 kg) serta persilangan Duroc-Yorkshire (9,48Â±2,63 ekor; 1,28Â±0,26 kg dan 6,91Â±0,86 kg). Laju kematian anak prasapihÂ  secara berturut turut yaitu pada babi persilangan Yorkshire-Duroc sebesar 17,85 persen; Yorkshire sebesar 15,74 persen; Duroc 13,64Â  persen serta persilangan Duroc-Yorkshire sebesar 11,64 persen. Disimpulkan sistem perkawinan antar bangsa babi tidak berpengaruh terhadap litter size dan berat lahir tetapi berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap berat sapih anak babi. Disarankan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas babi di PT Fajar Indah Semesta sebaiknya melakukan perkawinan silang.
A kiegészítő melléklet tájékoztató részének vizsgálata a magyarországi sporttevékenységet végző vállalkozások körében
Authors: Kerezsi Dóra , Dajnoki Krisztina , Bácsné Bába Éva , Tarnóczi Tibor , Fenyves Veronika
Published: July 2019

Napjainkban megnőtt és megváltozott a sport szerepe, mostanra az eredetileg civil, mozgáson alapuló, szabadidős magántevékenységből egy külön területté vált. A sport közgazdaságtani kutatások esetében makro-és mikrogazdasági kutatásokról egyaránt beszélhetünk. Gazdasági jelentőségét, foglalkoztatáshoz, nemzetgazdasági jövedelemhez, fogyasztói kiadásokhoz történő hozzájárulásá makroszintű, míg a sportszolgáltatások, sportszervezetek működésének vizsgálata, kereslet és kínálat jellemzői mikroszintű kutatásoknak tekinthetők. Sporttevékenység kialakulásának egyik oka a gazdasági jelentőségének megnövekedése volt, mely megteremtette a gazdasági elemzésének az igényét. A számviteli beszámoló két alapvető részéből, a mérlegből és az eredménykimutatásból, akkor lehet a szükséges tájékoztatáshoz jutni, ha a kiegészítő melléklet tartalmazza azokat az információkat, amelyek hozzájárulnak a beszámoló másik részének a jobb értelmezéséhez. Kutatásunkban azt vizsgáljuk, hogy a vállalatok által elkészített kiegészítő mellékletek tartalmazzák-e azokat az információkat, amelyek segítségével a partner vállalatokra vonatkozó szükséges pénzügyi ismeretek megszerezhetők. A vizsgálathoz a 931-es TEÁOR számú, főtevékenységként Sporttevékenységet megadó vállalatokat kiegészítő mellékleteit használtuk fel. Szövegbányászat segítségével azt vizsgáljuk, hogy a kiegészítő mellékletek mennyiben felelnek meg a számviteli törvény általi előírásoknak.
Digitális kompetenciaszintek valamint a munkanélküliség és a vállalati továbbképzések közötti kapcsolatok az Európai Unióban
Authors: Csordás Adrián , Füzesi István
Published: July 2019

Ebben a tanulmányban az OECD és az EuroStat adatai alapján az EU tagállamainak digitális kompetenciáit vizsgáltuk 2015 és 2017 között. Arra voltunk kíváncsiak, hogy van-e kapcsolat a munkanélküliség és a digitális kompetencia között. Azt tapasztaltuk, hogy azokban az országokban, ahol az alapvető digitális kompetenciával rendelkezők aránya magasabb, ott a harmonizált munkanélküliségi ráta alacsonyabb, mint azokban az országokban, ahol az egyének átlag alatti digitális kompetenciával rendelkeznek. Az alacsonyabb képzettségű államok esetében (ahol az állampolgárok nem rendelkeznek általános digitális kompetenciával) a munkanélküliségi ráta magasabb. Megvizsgáltuk a vállalatok nyitottságát a különböző szintű digitális ismeretekkel rendelkező egyének felé. Azokban az országokban, ahol az informatikai ismeretek terén képzettebb a lakosság, ott a vállalatok több lehetőséget biztosítanak a továbbképzésre, mint azokban az országokban, ahol kevésbé képzettek. Mérsékelten erős negatív korrelációt találtunk az alacsony általános digitális kompetencia és a munkahelyi képzések között. Ez azt jelenti, hogy ha az ország lakói alacsony szintű digitális kompetenciával rendelkeznek, akkor a vállalatok számukra nem kínálnak képzést. A rendelkezésre álló adatok szerint az EU tagállamokat három klaszterben sorolhatjuk. Ezek a fejletlen, fejlődő és fejlett országok csoportjai. A legnagyobb különbség ezek között a csoportok között a szakképzett emberek számában van, azonban az egyének eloszlása a fejlett országok csoportjában érdekes sajátosságot mutat. Ezekben az országokban megtalálható az úgynevezett „fordított kompetencia piramis”. Ez azt jelenti, hogy ahogyan a kompetencia szintje nő, úgy nő az egyének száma is, akik rendelkeznek megfelelő kompetenciákkal. A kutatás folytatásaként érdemes lenne az országokat regionálisan is megvizsgálni, így kiderülne, hogy vannak-e, és ha igen, akkor hol találhatóak a "digitális fellágvárak"az egyes országokban. Ez egyrészt segíthetne az államoknak a digitális oktatás allokációjában, másrészt a vállalatok helyzetét is javítaná, hiszen regionális szintű központokat hozhatnának létre a kevésbé fejlett országokban, így kiszervezve a drága magas hozzáadott értékű munkát.
Morphometric Characteristics and Features of Metachronous Breast Cancer
Authors: Dyakiv Iryna , Kryzhanivska Anna
Published: July 2019

An important morphological criterion for the development of the degree of malignancy of breast cancer is the change in the structure of cell nuclei. At the same time, both the morphometric parameters of metachronous breast cancer and their connection with the molecular biological characteristics of these tumors are currently unknown.

         The objective of the research was to identify metachronous malignant disease in the patients with breast cancer.

         Materials and methods. The study is based on a retrospective analysis of tumors in 63 patients with breast cancer, who developed uterine cancer or ovarian cancer within 5 years after diagnosis of breast cancer. All the patients received treatment at the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Clinical Oncology Center. The criterion for selecting patients in the study was the presence of gynecologic cancer after the treatment of breast cancer. The age of patients with breast cancer involved in the study ranged from 24 to 83 years, averaging 56.8±1.5 years.

            Results and discussion. The maximum values ​​of the perimeter, radius, and area of ​​cell nuclei (19.21±0.7, 3.05±0.4 and 36.3±0.9, respectively) were observed in tumors of the patients with metachronous breast cancer. The improvement of the perimeter, radius, and area of ​​tumor cell nuclei in the patients with metachronous breast cancer was associated with an increase in the size of the tumors and the presence of metastases in regional lymph nodes.

         Conclusions. The morphometric sign of the high risk of developing metachronous breast cancer is the increase in the perimeter, radius, and cell nucleus area on the background of increased proliferative activity of low-grade cancer in the presence of large tumors and metastases in regional lymph nodes.
DETERMINANTS OF BANK PROFITABILITY: THE CASE OF THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANK (BPD BANK) IN INDONESIA
Authors: Herdhayinta Heyvon , Supriyono R.A.
Published: July 2019

Introduction: The Regional Development Bank (BPD Bank) is expected to be a strong, highly competitive bank, which will contribute to the growth and even distribution of sustainable regional economies. Background Problem: A review by the Financial Service Authority (OJK) of the BPD Bank’s business growth indicates the low competitiveness of the BPD Bank, relative to other commercial banks. Novelty: Limited prior studies have been conducted on the profitability determinants of the BPD Bank, especially in Indonesia, and previous studies have only focused on the internal determinants of profitability. Hence, this research aims to analyze both the internal and external profitability determinants of the BPD Bank in Indonesia. Research Method: This study analyzes 135 observations in total from all 27 BPD banks in Indonesia for five years, from 2011 to 2015. This research measured bank profitability using ROA and ROE as the dependent variables. The independent variables are the internal and external determinants of bank profitability. The internal determinants of profitability consist of TA, TCORCAP, CAR, NPL, LDR, OE/OI and NIM; whilst the external determinants include TMS, INF and BIRATE. Findings: The findings of this study show that the profitability of the BPD Bank, as measured by its Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), is significantly determined internally by the total assets, LDR, OE/OI, and NIM and externally by the BIRATE and inflation. Those variables have positive relationships with profitability, except for OE/OI and inflation, which have negative relationships with profitability. In addition, two hypotheses are only partially supported, in which the total core capital and CAR show negative relationships only with ROE. Conclusion: The findings of this paper provide a deeper insight to help manage the profitability of the BPD Bank, which eventually can promote sustainable economic development.
Evaluasi Perencanaan dan Distribusi Obat Program di Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Boku Yuliana , Satibi Satibi , Yasin Nanang Munif
Published: July 2019

The development of the health sector is an important concern in the international commitments set out in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). One of the indicators is the availability and affordability of drugs. Therefore, good management of drugs is needed. This study aims to evaluate planning and distribution of drug programs in 2017 at the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Health Office and the factors that influence it. This study was conducted in September – October 2018. The programs’ drugs evaluated were for malaria, leprosy, tuberculosis and Humman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This is a descriptive research with quantitative data obtained retrospectively and qualitative data obtained through observations and interviews with interviewees selected by purposive sampling. The data was analyzed using indicators and then compared with the research results. The results showed that the planning and distribution of the drugs had not been fully in accordance with the standard. It was indicated that there were 8 indicators had not meet the standards, namely the accuracy of planning; planning irregularities; level of drug availability; percentage of drugs expired; percentage of deviations from drugs distributed; Inventory Turn Over Ratio (ITOR); average time of drug emptiness; the percentage of dead drug stock, and there were 7 indicators which had met the standars, namely the drug structuring system; the matching number of real goods with stock; organizational management; responsible person; the number of human resources; and financial and information systems. The factors that influence is team coordination; recording and reporting; and operational funds.
Pengaruh Self-Care terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe-2
Authors: Ramadhani Syahrizal , Fidiawan Arie , Andayani Tri Murti , Endarti Dwi
Published: July 2019

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic hyperglycemic condition which may affect all aspects of life of the sufferer, and it can be life threatening. This problem can be minimized by doing self-care. Self-care has an influence on glycemic control, prevention of complications due to uncontrolled blood glucose and improving the quality of life for people with diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine the effect of self-care on fasting blood glucose of type 2 diabetics. This type of research was observational with cross-sectional design. The inclusion criteria for the study were patients with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus aged > 18-year-old, treatment at a health center >8 weeks, had records of the last blood glucose fasting ≤1 month before the interview, while the exclusion criteria were patients who refused to participate and patients who could not communicate. Self-care measurement uses the Diabetes Self-Care Management Question (DSMQ) instrument. The number of respondents from this study was 115 people where 79,1% of respondents had a good level of self-care and 47% of respondents with fasting glucose levels that had not been achieved. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test. From this study, it was found that self-care had an effect on fasting blood glucose (OR=3,349, P<0,05). The lowest value of self-care in this study is the domain of physical activity and health-care, therefore patient motivation needs to be improved by exercise and routine check-up because self-care is one of the important factors that could control blood glucose levels.
Negosiasi Pemuda dalam Fleksibilitas Pasar Kerja: Studi Netnografi terhadap Mikro-Selebriti di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Darmawan Arif Budi , Azis Faishal Abdul , Aini Mei Nurul
Published: July 2019

Today the labor market flexibility to be a trend among young people. This emergence of flexibility becomes an ambivalence. On the one hand, it is a form of adaptation with increasingly mobile work. However, according to Guy Standing flexibility actually produces  new dangerous class. The vulnerability arises in the form of no guarantee of protection for workers and the security of the labor market. Through netnographic studies the author seeks to examine the employment choices of youth as micro-celebrities, the benefits gained, obstacles faced and negotiations carried out to answer the uncertainty that leads to his work. The researcher observed through the internet and conducted in-depth interviews. The selection of research informants was purposively conducted, namely, micro-Sebritic workers living in the Special Region of Yogyakarta in ages 16-30 years. From the results of the study found that: First, working as a micro-celebrity is the need for leisure. For young people working as micro-celebrities is a hobby as well as a profession. Second, many micro-celebrities are faced with dilemmas and uncertainty situations, both coming from themselves and parents. Finally, negotiations are carried out by youth to deal with uncertainty over their work and the dilemma they face.
Pekerja Muda dan Ancaman Deskilling-Skill Trap di Sektor Transportasi Berbasis Daring
Authors: Fatmawati Dian , Isbah Falikul , Kusumaningtyas Amelinda Pandu
Published: July 2019

Many internet technological discoveries have shaped many aspects of human life, including economic transaction for goods and services. Online-based transportation service is one form of digital economies, which was born out of the current progress of internet applications integrated to smartphones. Motorcycle ride-sharing has been existing in Indonesia from a long time ago, but it becomes much more popular after being offered through internet apps on smartphones. This Article base on mixed-methods research by using survey and in-depth interview as collecting data technically. Based on research on the workers of Go-Jek online-based transportation service in three cities (Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and Banyuwangi), founded that this job has absorbed a very large number of workers, and the majority of them are young workers. The new things in this job are its job design is fully based on the usage of the algorithm, namely in communicating, supervising, rewarding, and punishing the workers. This affects the job process which provides an ultimate authority to the company to make any decision over the workers. Lastly, we especially analysis the process of deskilling and skill trap in which the young workers do not have an opportunity to get the rank promotion, career mobility, and income up-grading. Considering they are still young and have a very long productive age, this issue is urgent to study further by policymakers in the employment sector.
Pengantar Redaksi
Authors: Pemuda Jurnal Studi
Published: July 2019

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CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR CEPHALEXIN AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST MULTIIDRUG RESISTENT BACTERIA
Authors: Elassal Mona , El-Manofy Nagwan
Published: July 2019

Objective: The evolution of antimicrobial resistance is a universal obstacle that necessities the innovation of more effective and safe antimicrobial alternatives with synergistic properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible improvement of cephalexin antimicrobial treatments by loading into chitosan-based nanoparticles, then evaluate their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities as well as determination of its cytotoxicity.

Methods: Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were prepared by ionic gelation method. Parameters were studied to optimize the particle size of CSNPs including pH, stirring rate, homogenization and ultra-sonication time. Size was measured by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Zeta sizer, morphology seen by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Entrapment efficiency, drug loading and drug content were calculated. Stability of both plain and loaded chitosan Nano-carriers, Drug release and Kinetics also compatibilities were studied. Antimicrobial activity of CSNPs and cephalexin loaded CSNPs were evaluated against 4 Gram-positive and 4 Gram-negative standard and clinical isolates by microdilution method, also assessment of antibiofilm activity of both formulas was investigated against two biofilm producers clinical isolates by tube assay in addition to determination of their cytotoxicity by MTT(3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay.

Results: Chitosan nanoparticles and its loaded antibiotics proved compatible combination with small Zeta size, suitable Zeta potential, maximum EE% and drug-loading capacity, sustained controlled release properties followed diffusion kinetic model and six month stability studies. Cephalexin loaded CSNPs showed better antimicrobial activity than plain CSNPs. Synergistic effects were found against S. aureus (ATCC 25923), B. subtilis (ATCC 9372), S. epidermidis, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa (ATCC 29853) in addition to two carbapenem resistant isolates k. pneumoniae and E. coli. Also cephalexin loaded CSNPs exhibited antibiofilm activity against E. faecalis clinical isolate. Even though, cephalexin loaded CSNPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity, it showed less toxicity against mammalian cells, it had IC50 equal to 231.893 and did not exhibit any cytotoxicity against the WI-38 fibroblast cells at concentration 23.4 µg/ml.

Conclusion: Cephalexin loaded CSNPs possessed good stability and sustained release effect in addition to its antimicrobial, antibiofilm activities and reduced cytotoxicity.