bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How values relate to student achievement in upper secondary education: Integrating interdisciplinary perspectives on value beliefs in the school context
Authors: Meyer Jennifer , Scharf Jan , Daumiller Martin , Hübner Nicolas
Published: May 2024

Educational research often refers to the subjective values assigned to aspects of education. Theoretical frameworks from the related disciplines of psychology and sociology applied to the context of education aim to better describe why some students are more motivated in school than others to understand differences in academic outcomes. In the current study, we followed an interdisciplinary approach that aimed to integrate psychological views regarding domain-specific value beliefs (i.e., intrinsic, attainment, utility, cost) and sociological views regarding domain-general values of education (i.e., stimulation, comfort, status, behavioral confirmation) and to investigate how they relate to academic success in upper secondary education. In a sample of 3,775 upper secondary school students in Germany, we found evidence that combining the two perspectives had incremental effects when predicting domain-specific achievement and GPA. We discuss how integrating interdisciplinary theoretical perspectives could foster communication between scientific disciplines and benefit future research in the field of motivation.
A modified EM-type algorithm to estimate semi-parametric mixtures of non-parametric regressions
Authors: Skhosana Sphiwe B. , Millard Salomon M. , Kanfer Frans H. J.
Published: May 2024

Semi-parametric Gaussian mixtures of non-parametric regressions (SPGMNRs) are a flexible extension of Gaussian mixtures of linear regressions (GMLRs). The model assumes that the component regression functions (CRFs) are non-parametric functions of the covariate(s) whereas the component mixing proportions and variances are constants. Unfortunately, the model cannot be reliably estimated using traditional methods. A local-likelihood approach for estimating the CRFs requires that we maximize a set of local-likelihood functions. Using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm to separately maximize each local-likelihood function may lead to label-switching. This is because the posterior probabilities calculated at the local E-step are not guaranteed to be aligned. The consequence of this label-switching is wiggly and non-smooth estimates of the CRFs. In this paper, we propose a unified approach to address label-switching and obtain sensible estimates. The proposed approach has two stages. In the first stage, we propose a model-based approach to address the label-switching problem. We first note that each local-likelihood function is a likelihood function of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Next, we reformulate the SPGMNRs model as a mixture of these GMMs. Lastly, using a modified version of the Expectation Conditional Maximization (ECM) algorithm, we estimate the mixture of GMMs. In addition, using the mixing weights of the local GMMs, we can automatically choose the local points where local-likelihood estimation takes place. In the second stage, we propose one-step backfitting estimates of the parametric and non-parametric terms. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated on simulated data and real data analysis.
Recent advances in the relationships between biofilms and microplastics in natural environments
Authors: Ventura Eva , Marín Anna , Gámez-Pérez José , Cabedo Luis
Published: May 2024

Plastic pollution in the form of microplastics (MPs), poses a significant threat to natural ecosystems, with detrimental ecological, social, and economic impacts. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the existing research on the interaction between microbial biofilms and MPs in natural environments. The review begins by outlining the sources and types of MPs, emphasizing their widespread presence in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. It then discusses the formation and characteristics of microbial biofilms on MPs surfaces, highlighting their role in altering the physicochemical properties of MPs and facilitating processes such as vertical transport, biodegradation, dispersion of microorganisms, and gene transfer. Different methods used to assess these interactions are discussed, including microbiological and physicochemical characterization. Current gaps and challenges in understanding the complex relationships between biofilms and MPs are identified, highlighting the need for further research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these complex interactions and to develop effective mitigation strategies. Innovative solutions, including bioremediation techniques and their combination with other strategies, such as nanotechnology, advanced filtration technologies, and public awareness campaigns, are proposed as promising approaches to address the issue of MPs pollution. Overall, this review underscores the urgent need for a multidisciplinary approach to combating MPs pollution, combining scientific research, technological innovation, and public engagement to safeguard the health and integrity of natural ecosystems.
Micro-robotic percutaneous targeting of type II endoleaks in the angio-suite
Authors: Widmann Gerlig , Deeg Johannes , Frech Andreas , Klocker Josef , Feuchtner Gudrun , Freund Martin
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Endovascular aneurysm repair has emerged as the standard therapy for abdominal aortic aneurysms. In 9–30% of cases, retrograde filling of the aneurysm sac through patent branch arteries may result in persistence of blood flow outside the graft and within the aneurysm sac. This condition is called an endoleak type II, which may be treated by catheter-based embolization in case of continued sac enlargement. If an endovascular access is not possible, percutaneous targeting of the perfused nidus remains the only option. However, this can be very challenging due to the difficult access and deep puncture with risk of organ perforation and bleeding. Innovative targeting techniques such as robotics may provide a promising option for safe and successful targeting.

Methods

In nine consecutive patients, percutaneous embolization of type II endoleaks was performed using a table-mounted micro-robotic targeting platform. The needle path from the skin entry to the perfused nidus was planned based on the C-arm CT image data in the angio-suite. Entry point and path angle were aligned using the joystick-operated micro-robotic system under fluoroscopic control, and the coaxial needle was introduced until the target point within the perfused nidus was reached.

Results

All punctures were successful, and there were no puncture-related complications. The pre-operative C-arm CT was executed in 11–15 s, and pathway planning required 2–3 min. The robotic setup and sterile draping were performed in 1–2 min, and the alignment to the surgical plan took no longer than 30 s.

Conclusion

Due to the small size, the micro-robotic platform seamlessly integrated into the routine clinical workflow in the angio-suite. It offered significant benefits to the planning and safe execution of double-angulated deeply localized targets, such as type II endoleaks.
Shaping organizations sustainably: Insights and perspectives
Authors: Hofer Annabelle , Kortsch Timo , Kauffeld Simone
Published: May 2024

This editorial is published in the journal Gruppe. Interaction. Organization. (GIO), in the special issue “Shaping organizations sustainably.” It briefly introduces the topic of sustainability, sustainable development, and sustainability perspectives in the organization, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and CSR/ESG criteria. It provides insights into previous research on sustainability in organizations and the additional knowledge gained through the contributions contained in the special issue. Moreover, it discusses possible future developments in research to contribute to organizations’ sustainable development actively.
Zur querschnittlichen Beziehung von Leistungsdruck, Leistungsorientierungen und dem Erleben von Angst und Stress in der Schule
Authors: Becker Saskia , Börnert-Ringleb Moritz
Published: May 2024

Schulbezogener Stress und einhergehende Ängste nehmen einen bedeutsamen Einfluss auf die Leistungsentwicklung und das Wohlbefinden von Lernenden. Stress und Angst in der Schule scheinen dabei mit schulischen Leistungsanforderungen zusammenzuhängen, welche in bisherigen Studien insbesondere external, in Form von Anforderungen im Unterricht und resultierendem Leistungsdruck, operationalisiert wurden. Motivationale Dispositionen als personeninterne Merkmale, zum Beispiel die eigene Leistungsorientierung, können jedoch weiteren Einfluss auf das Erleben externaler Anforderungen sowie die Entwicklung von Stress und Angst nehmen. Das Zusammenspiel dieser Dimensionen wurde bisher nur in geringem Maße adressiert. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es daher, den Zusammenhang zwischen Schulleistungen, Leistungsdruck und Leistungsorientierungen sowie Schulstress und Leistungsangst zu untersuchen. Hierzu wurden Daten von N = 583 Schüler*innen der sechsten und siebten Jahrgangsstufe im Rahmen einer Fragebogenerhebung erfasst. Mithilfe einer Strukturgleichungsmodellierung kann aufgezeigt werden, dass Schulleistung einen signifikanten statistischen Prädiktor für das Angst- und Stresserleben sowie die Bewertung externaler Anforderungen als Leistungsdruck und das Ausmaß der eigenen Leistungsorientierung darstellt. Der Zusammenhang zwischen der Schulleistung und Angst bzw. Stress kann dabei in unterschiedlichen Teilen über den Leistungsdruck und die Leistungsorientierung mediiert werden.
The Microstructure, Surface Topography and Wear Resistance of Cold-Sprayed (Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr))-(Ni-graphite) Composite Coatings Modified by Diode Laser Treatment
Authors: Trelka-Druzic Anna , Żórawski Wojciech , Lityńska-Dobrzyńska Lidia , Maj Łukasz , Kot Marcin , Wiązania Grzegorz , Góral Anna
Published: May 2024

Cold-sprayed composite coatings have several advantages; however, some properties, such as hardness and abrasion resistance, are lower than those in plasma- or HVOF-sprayed deposits. This work showed that the use of surface diode laser processing allowed the development of (Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr))-(Ni-graphite) cermet coatings with good adhesion to the steel substrate, and increased properties in the near-surface zone, below which the properties of cold-sprayed coatings were retained. Studies of the microstructure in the micro/nanoscale of the laser-treated coatings showed strong grain refinement after surface treatment. Cr7C3 carbide of various shapes and sizes was formed in the structure; while, a several hundred nanometre layer of Cr2O3 oxide appeared on the coating surface. The changes occurring in the microstructure have resulted in increased mechanical and tribological properties of the laser-treated zone of deposits.
What is the Optimal Treatment Strategy after Sarcoma R2 Surgery?
Authors: Chmiel Paulina , Rutkowski Piotr , Spałek Mateusz , Szumera-Ciećkiewicz Anna , Czarnecka Anna M.
Published: May 2024

Opinion statement

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare tumours of mesenchymal origin, most commonly occurring in the extremity but also in the retroperitoneum. The curative treatment for STS is radical surgery with wide margins, in some cases in combination with perioperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Nonradical resection (R2) of STS has been an emerging issue in recent decades, as optimal subsequent management remains debatable. Similarly, there is still no consensus on optimal surgical margins. Combining multiple treatment modalities in adjuvant therapy can achieve local and distant control in patients following surgery with positive margins. Patients who have undergone nonradical resection therefore require additional surgical interventions, and adjuvant radiotherapy resulting in a better prognosis but a higher number of complications. Following non-radical treatment, patients with limb and trunk wall sarcomas and retroperitoneal sarcomas should also undergo increased oncological surveillance. Given the potential issues that may emerge in such clinical situations, it is crucial to up-date the current guidelines to enhance the long-term prognosis of these patients.
Protecting the rights of judges: the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights in Juszczyszyn v Poland and Tuleya v. Poland
Authors: Szwed Marcin
Published: May 2024

This article examines two rulings of the European Court of Human Rights on the rights of independent Polish judges in Juszczyszyn v. Poland and Tuleya v. Poland, focusing on two key aspects. First, it addresses the Court’s finding that the Polish authorities aimed to undermine judicial independence and deter the applicants from questioning the Government’s controversial judicial reforms. Secondly, it explores the potential evolution of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights regarding recognising the subjective right of judges under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights to have their independence protected and respected by the State. The article also discusses problems concerning implementation of the two judgments.
Res Cogitans – The Evolution of Thinking
Authors: Lindenfors Patrik
Published: May 2024

A somewhat prominent view in the literature is that language provides opportunity to program the brain with ‘cognitive gadgets’, or ‘virtual machines’. Here, I explore the possibility that thinking itself – internal symbolic responses to stimuli that are either intrinsic or extrinsic, and computational procedures that operate on these internal symbolic representations – is such a software product rather than just an emergent phenomenon of the brain’s hardware being ‘complex enough’, or the brain processing information in a manner that is ‘integrated enough’. I also present a testable hypothesis that would indicate the presence of such a thought-gadget, and briefly overview some evolutionary pre-requisites for its existence. Further, I explore some consequences the existence of such a gadget would entail for our understanding of consciousness. The nature of the gadget is left unspecified as the article is not a blueprint for the thinking gadget, but an argument in favor of its existence.
Social media-based implosion of Silicon Valley Bank and its domino effect on bank stock indices: evidence from advanced machine and deep learning algorithms
Authors: Khan Mushtaq Hussain , Hasan Affan Bin , Anupam Angesh
Published: May 2024

Social media-driven speculations play a crucial role in triggering the collapse of the banking system and stock markets. In this paper, we investigate the effect of Twitter-based investor sentiment on the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), the 16th largest bank in the US. Additionally, we examine the spillover effect of the social media-based investor sentiment and SVB collapse on the bank stock indices from twelve countries where Global Systemically Important Banks (G-SIBs) operate. Advanced machine and deep learning models are employed to model the social media-based investors’ sentiment regarding SVB implosion and its spillover effect on the G-SIBs’ bank stock indices. Our results reveal that social media-based negative investors’ sentiment played an important role in SVB implosion. Our results further show that the negative investors’ sentiment persisted, and its systemic shock was transmitted to the G-SIBs bank stock indices. Importantly, our results provide a lead and lag relationship between investors’ sentiment and returns of G-SIBs bank stock indices. The findings of this study offer crucial insights for policymakers to consider the external shocks associated with social media-based investors’ sentiment when devising policies related to bank runs, thus helping to prevent future financial crises and cross-border contagion.
Temporal vectorized visibility for direct illumination of animated models
Authors: Wang Zhenni , Ho Tze Yui , Xiao Yi , Leung Chi Sing
Published: May 2024

Direct illumination rendering is an important technique in computer graphics. Precomputed radiance transfer algorithms can provide high quality rendering results in real time, but they can only support rigid models. On the other hand, ray tracing algorithms are flexible and can gracefully handle animated models. With NVIDIA RTX and the AI denoiser, we can use ray tracing algorithms to render visually appealing results in real time. Visually appealing though, they can deviate from the actual one considerably. We propose a visibility-boundary edge oriented infinite triangle bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) traversal algorithm to dynamically generate visibility in vector form. Our algorithm utilizes the properties of visibility-boundary edges and infinite triangle BVH traversal to maximize the efficiency of the vector form visibility generation. A novel data structure, temporal vectorized visibility, is proposed, which allows visibility in vector form to be shared across time and further increases the generation efficiency. Our algorithm can efficiently render close-to-reference direct illumination results. With the similar processing time, it provides a visual quality improvement around 10 dB in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) w.r.t. the ray tracing algorithm reservoir-based spatiotemporal importance resampling (ReSTIR).
Comparison of two different experimental environments for resistance screenings for the leafhopper-transmitted wheat dwarf virus in wheat
Authors: Pfrieme Anne-Kathrin , Stahl Andreas , Pillen Klaus , Will Torsten
Published: May 2024

Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) causes high yield losses in wheat and other cereals and is therefore an important pathogen transmitted by the leafhopper Psammotettix alienus. Climate change will increase infections by insect-transmitted viruses due to the increasing spread of vectors. In the context of integrated pest management, the cultivation of WDV-resistant/tolerant varieties is an effective way of controlling WDV. Evaluation of tolerant/resistant genotypes is based on inoculation with viruliferous leafhoppers and subsequent phenotyping in gauze houses under semi-field conditions. For successful screening, it is important to ensure the uniform and reproducible inoculation of plants. Abiotic conditions, particularly temperature, have a critical influence on inoculation success, and thus, variations in infection rates were observed within and between previous replicates in the field. Furthermore, the leafhopper population reared in the greenhouse has to be reestablished after each infection, which delays the screening process. We addressed these issues by developing an improved inoculation assay in which plants are inoculated in small infection hoods in the greenhouse before being planted out in gauze houses. This procedure allows optimal environmental conditions for WDV infection of test plants and allows the plants with WDV infection to develop under natural environmental conditions for symptom scoring. In addition, the viruliferous leafhoppers were recollected from the test plants after infection, allowing a sustainable use of the insects. The method thus enables more reliable phenotyping by increasing infection success and testing a greater number of genotypes in a shorter time.
“It is easier to learn when you are out”: an ethnographic study of teaching science subjects through outdoor learning at compulsory school
Authors: Haraldsson Katarina , Göranson Magnus , Lindgren Eva-Carin
Published: May 2024

Previous research has shown that feeling engaged in schoolwork is crucial for pupils to achieve, but engagement and motivation decline with age in many countries. To address these issues, we consider it is important that how we conceive learning include opportunities for learning outside the classroom. This study aimed to explore pupils’ experiences of being taught science subjects using outdoor learning, including the learning they achieved. The research was conducted using an ethnographic research design, a useful method for research in this type of environment where a greater understanding of teaching and learning processes is sought, enabling researchers to explore events more deeply. The study took place during one school year and was conducted for pupils in grade 6 in a school on Sweden’s west coast. This study provides unique insights into how these teacher efforts to offer outdoor learning opportunities have improved pupils’ willingness to participate. Likewise, how the pupils have developed knowledge of and used scientific concepts and skills in different contexts became visible when the pupils were allowed to try, explore, be creative, and observe in real life contexts in various places. In addition, the pupils have been given opportunities to ask, discuss and reflect on questions about various phenomena and processes in nature and humans. From the pupils’ point of view, this has contributed to their easier understanding of the content of the science subjects. These results significantly improve science literacy for science subjects in a school context (Holbrook & Rannikmae, 2009).
From Fear and Distrust to Trust and Collaboration: Exploring Transitions in the Quality of Relationships in the Encounters Between Immigrant Parents and Child Welfare Services
Authors: Terrefe Tesfahun Alemayehu
Published: May 2024

This article examines the characteristics of transitions in the quality of relationships from fear and distrust to trust and collaboration in the encounters between immigrant parents and child welfare services and explores what these changes demonstrate about trust and collaboration within such contexts. The study draws on empirical data from interviews with ten immigrant parents who have experience with the Norwegian Child Welfare Services due to allegations of child abuse and/or neglect. The findings show that the transition from fear and distrust to trust and collaborative relations does not evolve in clearly defined phases but rather unfolds as a complex cyclical process. This process appears to involve fear, distrust, and uncooperative behavior as a point of departure but can, in some cases, develop into trusting and collaborative relations with disruption and restoration during the process. The characteristics of the transitions seem to demonstrate that parents can engage in trusting and collaborative relations amid institutional distrust, fear, and vulnerability, if they experience the encounter as meaningful. The turning points in this regard include the following: (1) parents’ experience of positive interactions and relational trust with child welfare professionals and (2) defining moments in the subsequent intervention process, including parents’ awareness that the intervention will not lead to child removal and/or the positive impacts of therapeutic intervention measures like parental training courses, counseling, and financial support.
The Impact of Serialisation on Operational Efficiency and Productivity in Irish Pharmaceutical Sites
Authors: O’ Mahony Daniel , Lynch Alan , McDermott Olivia
Published: May 2024

Technology enabling drug serialisation technology was introduced by regulators to enhance security in pharmaceutical supply chain and protect drugs from infiltration by falsified and substandard medicines. The introduction of systems for serialisation required huge financial outlays manufacturers of pharmaceuticals. This study investigated the impact of serialisation on the operational efficiency and productivity in Irish pharmaceutical sites. A qualitative study was conducted with 11 manufacturing sites in Ireland. The participating companies operated a total of 114 pack-lines, representing approximately 65% of the automated packing lines in the country. The study found that serialisation had a negative effect on packaging production line OEE and line availability and on the individuals cost per unit of packaged pharmaceuticals. The research results estimated that the capital costs of serialisation were four times greater than those estimated by the regulators. There was a 4.1 cents average cost per pack for serialisation with high volume sites reporting an annual cost of serialisation of up to €4.5 m per annum and a 2.7% increase in the average cost of goods sold. A pattern whereby where many pharmaceutical manufacturers are transitioning from smaller batch production and moving toward larger batch production sizes in order to increases efficiencies was identified. The research also proposed the use of a serialisation depreciation factor as a method to determine the impact of serialisation on the cost of goods sold. This is the first study of its kind into the cost of serialisation from a manufacturer’s viewpoint and studying the effects of serialisation on productivity, line availability and operational efficiency.
Unveiling and mitigating bias in ride-hailing pricing for equitable policy making
Authors: Saxena Nripsuta Ani , Zhang Wenbin , Shahabi Cyrus
Published: May 2024

Ride-hailing services have skyrocketed in popularity due to their convenience. However, recent research has shown that their pricing strategies can have a disparate impact on some riders, such as those living in disadvantaged neighborhoods with a greater share of residents of color or residents below the poverty line. Analyzing real-world data, we additionally show that these communities tend to be more dependent on ride-hailing services (e.g., for work commutes) due to a lack of adequate public transportation infrastructure. To this end, we present the first thorough study on fair pricing for ride-hailing services by first devising applicable fairness measures to quantify this bias and then proposing novel fair pricing mechanisms to alleviate this bias. We present two pricing mechanisms to provide flexibility and account for different platform needs. By taking affordability into account and potentially providing discounts that may be government-subsidized, our approaches result in an increased number and more affordable rides for the disadvantaged community. Experiments on real-world Chicago ride-hailing data demonstrate worse scores for the proposed fairness metrics for rides corresponding to disadvantaged neighborhoods than those of a control group (random mix of neighborhoods). Subsequently, the results show that our fair pricing mechanisms eliminate this inequality gap. Our mechanisms provide a basis for the government and the ride-hailing platforms to implement fair ride-hailing policies.
Formation of Oxygen Vacancies in Cr3+-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanofibers and Their Role in Generating Paramagnetism
Authors: Carrera Karime , Huerta Verónica , Orozco Victor , Matutes José , Urbieta Ana , Fernández Paloma , Martínez Fabián , Graeve Olivia A. , Herrera Manuel
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate that doping hydroxyapatite (HAp) with Cr3+ ions induces oxygen vacancies, contributing to paramagnetism. Cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence analyses reveal increased oxygen vacancy formation in

$${\text{O}}{\text{H}}^{-}$$

OH
-

and

$${\text{P}}{\text{O}}_{4}^{3-}$$

PO

4

3
-

groups with rising Cr3+ concentrations, highlighted by stronger cathodoluminescence emissions at 2.57 and 2.95 eV and the photoluminescence emission at 3.32 eV. Raman spectroscopy shows new modes at 900 and 970 cm−1, indicating distortion of the v
1 vibrational mode due to Cr3+ substitution at Ca(II) sites of the HAp lattice. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms Cr3+ in the HAp:Cr. Magnetometry reveals a shift from diamagnetism in pure HAp to increasing paramagnetism in HAp:Cr with higher Cr3+ content, achieving 0.0460 emu/g at 10 kOe with concentrations higher than 2.9 at.%. This paramagnetism is attributed to Cr3+ ions and singly ionized oxygen vacancies

$$V^{\prime}_{{\text{O}}}$$

V
O
′

aligning along an external magnetic field, with

$$V^{\prime}_{{\text{O}}}$$

V
O
′

formation linked to

$${\text{PO}}_{4}^{{3}-}$$

PO

4

3
-

replacement by

$${\text{PO}}_{3}^{{2}-}$$

PO

3

2
-

in HAp.
Deep Transfer Learning-Based Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Retinal Fundus Images in Remote Areas
Authors: Jabbar Ayesha , Naseem Shahid , Li Jianqiang , Mahmood Tariq , Jabbar Muhammad Kashif , Rehman Amjad , Saba Tanzila
Published: May 2024

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) significantly burdens ophthalmic healthcare due to its wide prevalence and high diagnostic costs. Especially in remote areas with limited medical access, undetected DR cases are on the rise. Our study introduces an advanced deep transfer learning-based system for real-time DR detection using fundus cameras to address this. This research aims to develop an efficient and timely assistance system for DR patients, empowering them to manage their health better. The proposed system leverages fundus imaging to collect retinal images, which are then transmitted to the processing unit for effective disease severity detection and classification. Comprehensive reports guide subsequent medical actions based on the identified stage. The proposed system achieves real-time DR detection by utilizing deep transfer learning algorithms, specifically VGGNet. The system’s performance is rigorously evaluated, comparing its classification accuracy to previous research outcomes. The experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed system, achieving an impressive 97.6% classification accuracy during the detection phase, surpassing the performance of existing approaches. Implementing the automated system in remote areas has transformed healthcare dynamics, enabling early, cost-effective DR diagnosis for millions. The system also streamlines patient prioritization, facilitating timely interventions for early-stage DR cases.
Unveiling the role of family and community nurses: insights from an Italian Focus Group Study
Authors: Scrimaglia Susan , Montalti Marco , Senni Marco , Mazzini Silvia , Ceccarelli Paola , Sintoni Francesco , Benati Giuseppe , Reali Chiara
Published: May 2024

This qualitative study examines the potential role of Family and Community Nurses (FCNs) in an Italian Local Health Authority (LHA) context, aiming to identify unmet healthcare needs and facilitate the integration of FCNs into the healthcare system. Focus Group (FG) sessions involving healthcare professionals from three centers in the Emiliano–Romagnolo Apennines region revealed shared concerns about unaddressed healthcare needs, caregiver support inadequacies, service accessibility barriers, and the importance of enhanced interprofessional collaboration. Participants highlighted vulnerable populations, such as the frail and chronically ill, as those requiring more comprehensive care. The study identified key areas where FCNs could be instrumental, including monitoring complex medication regimens for elderly individuals, supporting caregivers, empowering vulnerable individuals, providing education, facilitating service access, and fostering collaboration among healthcare professionals. It emphasized the significance of multidisciplinary teamwork while maintaining clear role distinctions for FCNs. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness and economic implications of FCN integration. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and organizations to promote FCN utilization, aligning with the World Health Organization's emphasis on primary healthcare and catering to the needs of individuals, families, and communities.
Baffled Labelling: Making Sense of the Intertwined Relationship between Fundraising Fraud and Illegally Taking in Deposits from the General Public in Chinese Criminal Law
Authors: Mou Yu
Published: May 2024

Fundraising fraud is one of the most serious and complicated financial crimes in China. It has an intertwined relationship with a regulatory offence, known as illegally taking in deposits from the general public (ITIDFGP). In judicial practice, ITIDFGP works as the downgraded form of fundraising fraud. This article explores why fundraising fraud is identified as financial fraud whereas ITIDFGP is a regulatory offence. The paper discerns the essence of fraud in Chinese criminal law and critically examines the concept of “intention to possess illegally.” It argues that ITIDFGP should be classified as a form of fraud de jure, although, in reality, there are policy considerations behind its categorization as a regulatory offence. The paper also suggests that the role played by the socioeconomic policy in Chinese criminal-law legislation should be fully acknowledged.
The EU Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence (CSDDD): The Final Political Compromise
Authors: Bueno Nicolas , Bernaz Nadia , Holly Gabrielle , Martin-Ortega Olga
Published: May 2024

After the endorsement of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) by the Human Rights Council on 16 June 2011, 15 March 2024 marked another milestone for transnational corporate governance. That day, a qualified majority of the member states of the European Union (EU) voted in favour of the Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence (CSDDD) setting human rights and environmental obligations for large companies in their global value chains.1 The CSDDD is the first region-wide due diligence legislation, yet it is also a political compromise among EU member states, which civil society and business have been watching closely. This piece explains the main elements of the CSDDD and outlines some of its implications beyond the EU.
Editor’s Introduction
Authors: Schneiders Sandra M. , Cho Min-Ah
Published: May 2024

After tracing the history of the term “spirituality” and the discipline of spirituality up to the mid-twentieth century, this article describes the contemporary understanding of spirituality as lived religious experience and of the academic discipline which studies this subject. This phenomenology of the discipline grounds a position on the relationship between lived spirituality and theology on the one hand, and the academic disciplines of spirituality and theology on the other.
Sedimentation dynamics of passive particles in dilute bacterial suspensions: emergence of bioconvection
Authors: Torres Maldonado Bryan O. , Pradeep Shravan , Ran Ranjiangshang , Jerolmack Douglas , Arratia Paulo E.
Published: May 2024

Microorganisms are ubiquitous in nature and technology. They inhabit diverse environments, ranging from small river tributaries and lakes, to oceans, as well as wastewater treatment plants and food manufacturing. In many of these environments, microorganisms coexist with settling particles. Here, we investigate the effects of microbial activity (swimming E. coli) on the settling dynamics of passive colloidal particles using particle tracking methods. Our results reveal the existence of two distinct regimes in the correlation length scale (

$L_u$

) and the effective diffusivity of the colloidal particles (

$D_{eff}$

), with increasing bacterial concentration (

$\phi _b$

). At low

$\phi _b$

, the parameters

$L_u$

and

$D_{eff}$

increase monotonically with increasing

$\phi _b$

. Beyond critical

$\phi _b$

, a second regime is found where both

$D_{eff}$

and

$L_u$

are independent of

$\phi _b$

. We demonstrate that the transition between these regimes is characterized by the emergence of bioconvection. We use experimentally measured particle-scale quantities

$L_u$

and

$D_{eff}$

to predict the critical bacterial concentration for the diffusion–bioconvection transition.
Gastrointestinal nematode infection during pregnancy and lactation enhances spatial reference memory and reduces indicators of anxiety-like behaviour in uninfected adult female mouse offspring
Authors: Noel Sophia , LaFrancois Ryan , Scott Marilyn E.
Published: May 2024

Maternal bacterial and viral infections that induce neuroinflammation in the developing brain are associated with impaired cognitive function and increased anxiety in the offspring. In contrast, maternal infection with the immunoregulatory murine gastrointestinal (GI) nematode, Heligmosomoides bakeri, appears to benefit neurodevelopment as juvenile 2- and 3-week-old male and female offspring had enhanced spatial memory, which may be due to a Th2/Treg biased neuroimmune environment. Here, the impact of maternal H. bakeri infection during pregnancy and lactation on the spatial and anxiety-like behaviours of adult, 3-month-old uninfected male and female offspring was explored for the first time. It was observed that adult female offspring of H. bakeri-infected dams had enhanced spatial reference memory and reduced anxiety-like behaviour compared to females of uninfected dams. These effects were not observed in adult male offspring. Thus, the positive influence of a maternal GI nematode infection on spatial memory of juvenile offspring persists in adult female offspring.
The Di-Eu-Stress State Scale (DESS Scale)
Authors: Vikoler Thomas , Dániel Kovács , Traut-Mattausch Eva
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This paper describes the development and empirical validation of an instrument for measuring state distress and eustress, the Di-Eu-Stress State (DESS) Scale. In three studies, factorial validity (Study 1), construct validity (Study 2), predictability, and predictive validity (Study 3) were tested. We used data from 1,250 participants including 819 undergraduates and 431 employees from seven distinct cross-sectional and one ecological momentary assessment (EMA) sample. Study 1: Following exploratory factor analysis, two cross-sectional and one multilevel confirmatory factor analyses supported the resultant two-factor structure of distress and eustress across different contexts and measurement methods as well as against established holistic stress measures. Study 2: Construct validity of the DESS Scale was evaluated with convergent and discriminant measures as well as against established holistic stress measures. Study 3: Multilevel regression models showed the assumed results of demands and resources as antecedents of distress and eustress, respectively, as well as of the prediction of job and study satisfaction by distress and eustress. We discuss the key findings and limitations of each study as well as the practical implications of the DESS Scale in both the field of stress research and the vocational world. Suggestions for further validation of the DESS Scale are proposed.
Mathematics Homework Management Scale (MHMS)
Authors: Xu Jianzhong
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Mathematics Homework Management Scale (MHMS) involving 1,282 students in grades 7–8. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) revealed the MHMS contained six distinctive subscales: arranging the environment, managing time, monitoring motivation, emotion management, cognitive reappraisal, and handling distraction. The subscales’ reliability estimates were adequate to very good. Furthermore, there was support for latent mean invariance across gender and grade level. Finally, the MHMS was related positively to homework completion and mathematics achievement and negatively to homework procrastination. This study offers solid evidence that the MHMS could be used as a refined measure to assess homework management.
Coseismic and Early Postseismic Deformation of the 2024 Mw7.45 Noto Peninsula Earthquake
Authors: Yang Siyuan , Sang Chengfang , Hu Yan , Wang Kai
Published: May 2024

An unexpected Mw7.45 earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula on 1 January 2024, preceded by several long‐living earthquake swarms, providing a valuable opportunity to study seismic and aseismic slips, as well as their interactions. We derived coseismic and 19‐day postseismic slip distributions by inverting co‐ and post‐seismic displacements from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data. The inverted coseismic slip distribution shows two slip patches, with a maximum slip of ∼4 m. The early postseismic afterslip is 0.1–0.25 m within coseismic slip asperity and 0.1–0.6 m northward of the rupture area. The afterslip within the rupture area is accompanied by numerous aftershocks and coincides with a ∼6 MPa stress drop, suggesting that aftershocks are likely driven by the afterslip. The pattern of poroelastic rebound implies a potential effect of fluid flow on aftershock triggering. This study sheds lights on the intricate interplay between seismic and aseismic processes following large earthquakes.
Assessing Multi‐Source Precipitation Estimates in Nepal: A Benchmark for Sub‐Seasonal Model Assessment
Authors: Nepal Bikash , Bao Qing , Wu Guoxiong , Liu Yimin , Kadel Indira , Lamichhane Dipendra
Published: May 2024

Sub‐seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction provides an extended range of lead time for decision‐makers across multiple sectors. S2S forecast is crucial for a country that are susceptible to hydro‐meteorological disasters like Nepal. However, S2S forecast requires assessment with reliable datasets before its application. Since, Nepal lacks a dense station network, multi‐source precipitation estimates (MPEs) are the obvious alternatives. Therefore, using classical evaluation metrics and extreme precipitation indices, this study assessed eleven high‐resolution datasets against 159‐gauge stations over Nepal for the 2001–2020 period. These datasets are classified as gauge‐interpolated (APHRODITE), merged (TPMFD, MSWEP, CLDAS, and CHIRPS), satellite‐based (IMERGV7, IMERGV6, CMORPH, and PERSIANN), and reanalysis (ERA5‐L and HAR). Satellite datasets (except IMERGV7) failed to capture the spatial pattern of mean annual precipitation, while others broadly captured it. Most MPEs struggled to accurately estimate wet season precipitation compared to dry season. Furthermore, increasing estimation error from light to extreme precipitation and decreasing skill metrics from flat to complex terrain, demonstrate the intensity and terrain‐specific limitations of MPEs. In terms of precipitation extremes, APHRODITE exhibits the highest skill, followed by MSWEP, TPMFD, HAR, ERA5‐L, IMERGV7, CLDAS, IMERGV6, CHIRPS, CMORPH, and PERSIANN. IMERGV7 exhibits increased skill in detecting extreme precipitation and precipitation over orography against IMERGV6. APHRODITE and TPMFD datasets performed consistently well in all scales, including weekly anomaly, with an average anomaly correlation of 0.84 and 0.66 respectively. However, since APHRODITE is not widely available, TPMFD can serve as a benchmark dataset for evaluating high‐resolution S2S forecasts within the study region.
Targeting BCL9/BCL9L enhances antigen presentation by promoting conventional type 1 dendritic cell (cDC1) activation and tumor infiltration
Authors: He Fenglian , Wu Zhongen , Liu Chenglong , Zhu Yuanyuan , Zhou Yan , Tian Enming , Rosin-Arbesfeld Rina , Yang Dehua , Wang Ming-Wei , Zhu Di
Published: May 2024

Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) are the essential antigen-presenting DC subset in antitumor immunity. Suppressing B-cell lymphoma 9 and B-cell lymphoma 9-like (BCL9/BCL9L) inhibits tumor growth and boosts immune responses against cancer. However, whether oncogenic BCL9/BCL9L impairs antigen presentation in tumors is still not completely understood. Here, we show that targeting BCL9/BCL9L enhanced antigen presentation by stimulating cDC1 activation and infiltration into tumor. Pharmacological inhibition of BCL9/BCL9L with a novel inhibitor hsBCL9z96 or Bcl9/Bcl9l knockout mice markedly delayed tumor growth and promoted antitumor CD8+ T cell responses. Mechanistically, targeting BCL9/BCL9L promoted antigen presentation in tumors. This is due to the increase of cDC1 activation and tumor infiltration by the XCL1-XCR1 axis. Importantly, using single-cell transcriptomics analysis, we found that Bcl9/Bcl9l deficient cDC1 were superior to wild-type (WT) cDC1 at activation and antigen presentation via NF-κB/IRF1 signaling. Together, we demonstrate that targeting BCL9/BCL9L plays a crucial role in cDC1-modulated antigen presentation of tumor-derived antigens, as well as CD8+ T cell activation and tumor infiltration. Targeting BCL9/BCL9L to regulate cDC1 function and directly orchestrate a positive feedback loop necessary for optimal antitumor immunity could serve as a potential strategy to counter immune suppression and enhance cancer immunotherapy.
Initial COVID-19 severity influenced by SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells imprints T-cell memory and inversely affects reinfection
Authors: Yang Gang , Cao Jinpeng , Qin Jian , Mei Xinyue , Deng Shidong , Xia Yingjiao , Zhao Jun , Wang Junxiang , Luan Tao , Chen Daxiang , Huang Peiyu , Chen Cheng , Sun Xi , Luo Qi , Su Jie , Zhang Yunhui , Zhong Nanshan , Wang Zhongfang
Published: May 2024

The immunoprotective components control COVID-19 disease severity, as well as long-term adaptive immunity maintenance and subsequent reinfection risk discrepancies across initial COVID-19 severity, remain unclarified. Here, we longitudinally analyzed SARS-CoV-2-specific immune effectors during the acute infection and convalescent phases of 165 patients with COVID-19 categorized by severity. We found that early and robust SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses ameliorate disease progression and shortened hospital stay, while delayed and attenuated virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses are prominent severe COVID-19 features. Delayed antiviral antibody generation rather than titer level associates with severe outcomes. Conversely, initial COVID-19 severity imprints the long-term maintenance of SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immunity, demonstrating that severe convalescents exhibited more sustained virus-specific antibodies and memory T cell responses compared to mild/moderate counterparts. Moreover, initial COVID-19 severity inversely correlates with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection risk. Overall, our study unravels the complicated interaction between temporal characteristics of virus-specific T cell responses and COVID-19 severity to guide future SARS-CoV-2 wave management.
Differential posttraumatic stress disorder symptom cluster response to stellate ganglion block: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Blakey Shannon M. , Rae Olmsted Kristine L. , Hirsch Shawn , Asman Kat , Wallace Dennis , Olmsted Murrey G. , Vandermaas-Peeler Russ , Karg Rhonda S. , Walters Bradford B.
Published: May 2024

Empirically supported treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exist, but research suggests these therapies are less effective, acceptable, and feasible to deliver to active duty service members (SMs) compared to civilians. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) procedure, in which a local anesthetic is injected around the cervical sympathetic chain or stellate ganglion to temporarily inhibit sympathetic nervous activity, is gaining popularity as an alternative PTSD treatment in military settings. However, it is unknown whether certain PTSD symptoms are more responsive to SGB than others. The current study involved a secondary analysis of data collected from a previous randomized controlled trial of SGB compared to sham (normal saline) injection (N = 113 SMs). PTSD symptoms were assessed via clinical interview and self-report at baseline and 8 weeks post-SGB or sham. Logistic regression analyses showed that the marked alterations in arousal and reactivity PTSD symptom cluster demonstrated the greatest symptom severity reductions after SGB, relative to sham. The reexperiencing cluster also showed pronounced response to SGB in clinician-rated but not self-reported outcomes. Post-hoc item-level analyses suggested that arousal and reactivity cluster findings were driven by reductions in hypervigilance, concentration difficulties, and sleep disturbance, whereas clinician-rated reexperiencing cluster findings were driven by reductions in physiological reactions to trauma cues, emotional reactions to trauma cues, and intrusions. Our findings align with a burgeoning literature positioning SGB as a potential novel or adjunctive PTSD treatment. Results could guide future hypothesis-driven research on mediators of therapeutic change during SGB for PTSD symptoms in SMs.