bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burrows and Burrs: A Perceptual History
Authors: Lee Tom
Published: April 2016

Knowledge has no proper homeland. It is scattered among disciplines and genres. A novel is filled with events, described in a particular manner, which might be translated into objects of scientific worth. Science makes new discoveries that find their way back into literature. Philosophy questions starting points and adds nuance to grey areas between disciplines. Science contributes to philosophy's repertoire of relevant ideas. This article is an effort to account for the dynamism and complexity of the relationship that exists between differing kinds of knowledge. It uses an essayistic form of narration to pull together contrasting examples that suggest hard and fast distinctions between subject and object tend to provoke misleadingly abstract descriptions of place. The specific place under investigation is a farming property in rural New South Wales. It has played a significant part in the author's perceptual history. Burrs and burrows are two of its key features.
‘Redneck, Barbaric, Cashed Up Bogan? I Don't Think So’: Hunting and Nature in Australia
Authors: Adams Michael
Published: April 2016

Hunting is a controversial activity in Australia, and much debated in international research. Positions range from ‘the first hunters were the first humans’ to the ‘meat is murder’ argument. There is, however, very little research on non-Indigenous hunting in Australia, particularly on the social aspects, but also on biological and ecological issues. In contrast to a general lack of research on non-Indigenous hunting, there is extensive literature on Indigenous hunting. This paper reviews initial research exploring hunting participation and motivation in Australia, as a window into further understanding connections between humans, non-humans and place. My focus is on an analysis of hunting as cultural involvement in nature. Is it a cruel, archaic and redundant practice; or a respectful relationship between and among humans and non-humans which can reorient us to our emerging recombinant ecologies?
On the Poverty of Our Nomenclature
Authors: Crist Eileen
Published: April 2016

This paper examines the recent proposal to christen our geological epoch “the Anthropocene.” The reasoning offered for this new name is that humanity's enormous mark on the geological strata would be a discernible boundary to future geologists; therefore a change in nomenclature is called for to reflect our transition out of the Holocene (our epoch's current formal name). I argue, however, that the pitch for the Anthropocene goes well beyond this rationale. The Anthropocene has morphed into a discourse that is organizing the perception of a world picture (past, present, and future) through a set of ideas and prescriptions that is tenaciously anthropocentric; indeed, the championed name itself—Anthropocene, or the age of Man—evokes the human-centeredness that is at the root of our ecological predicament. The main argument of this paper is that the discourse of the Anthropocene refuses to challenge human dominion, proposing instead technological and managerial approaches that would make human dominion sustainable. By the same token, the Anthropocene discourse blocks from consideration the possibility of abolishing a way of life founded on the domination of nature. In conclusion, I submit that while technological and managerial approaches have a place in addressing ecological problems, our predicament primarily calls for a drastic pulling back and scaling down of the human presence—welcoming limitations of our numbers, economies, forms of habitation, and uses of land and sea, so that humanity may flourish together with the entire breadth of Life.
Environmental Arts as First Philosophy: This Too a NeoPresocratic Manifesto
Authors: Greaves Tom
Published: April 2016

I offer a response and counter argument to J. Baird Callicott's “Provocations” piece in Environmental Humanities, volume 2. I argue that the historical narrative that Callicott derives from Aristotle regarding the development of philosophical thought from natural philosophy to social and moral concerns, is not the best way to conceive of the project of the Presocratics. Nor does this narrative offer us the best way to conceive of the distinctive tasks of the environmental arts (a term which I argue is to be preferred to the environmental humanities) and their relation to the sciences. I offer a different model, inspired by the Heraclitean notion of unity in opposition, which conceives the task of the arts as the common articulation of our myriad ways of being in the world and the task of the various sciences as the exploration of the world that is manifest in and through those ways of being. This model allows us to see how we might aim towards unity in opposition rather than a fusion of the two cultures. On this basis I make some proposals concerning the long-term and more immediate institutional and pedagogical consequences of this view and reflect upon the challenges facing my teaching on the UEA Master's in Environmental Sciences and Humanities.
The Orchid in the Land of Garbage: An Ecocritique of Terrence Malick's FilmBadlands(1973)
Authors: Blasi Gabriella
Published: April 2016

Through a figural analysis of Terrence Malick's Badlands (1973), this paper seeks to contribute to a more defined role of film criticism in contemporary environmental thought. The analysis focuses on the relation between humans and nature in Badlands and revolves around the ontological question of what it means to be free human beings in the world of nature, intended as a finite, temporal world. From an ecocritical perspective, Badlands' 1950s setting lends itself to a retrospective illumination of the forces that have contributed to the present problematic human-nature relation within “free” capitalist systems of thought and consumption. However, a figural analysis reveals that Malick's insistence on images of waste and death assumes a far more existential value, opening up possible deeper reflections beyond economic, social and political critiques.
The Last Chance to Save the Planet? An Analysis of the Geoengineering Advocacy Discourse in the Public Debate
Authors: Anshelm Jonas , Hansson Anders
Published: April 2016

Geoengineering, i.e., the deliberate manipulation of the global climate using grand-scale technologies, poses new challenges in terms of environmental risks and human–nature relationships. Until recently, these technologies were considered science fiction, but they are now being reconsidered by researchers, leading to an emerging public debate. Our aim is to improve our understanding of the public discourse on geoengineering in mass media. We analyze 1500 articles published from 2005 to 2013, constructing four coherent storylines that represent most of the geoengineering advocacy in the public discourse in mass media. We scrutinize inconsistencies in this discourse and argue that geoengineering may be the first example of a grand-scale technology that in some important respects has clear postmodern tendencies: geoengineering advocacy, for example, is not based on objective truth claims of the natural sciences and does not promise a better world.
Mapping Common Ground: Ecocriticism, Environmental History, and the Environmental Humanities
Authors: Bergthaller Hannes , Emmett Rob , Johns-Putra Adeline , Kneitz Agnes , Lidström Susanna , McCorristine Shane , Pérez Ramos Isabel , Phillips Dana , Rigby Kate , Robin Libby
Published: April 2016

The emergence of the environmental humanities presents a unique opportunity for scholarship to tackle the human dimensions of the environmental crisis. It might finally allow such work to attain the critical mass it needs to break out of customary disciplinary confines and reach a wider public, at a time when natural scientists have begun to acknowledge that an understanding of the environmental crisis must include insights from the humanities and social sciences. In order to realize this potential, scholars in the environmental humanities need to map the common ground on which close interdisciplinary cooperation will be possible. This essay takes up this task with regard to two fields that have embraced the environmental humanities with particular fervour, namely ecocriticism and environmental history. After outlining an ideal of slow scholarship which cultivates thinking across different spatiotemporal scales and seeks to sustain meaningful public debate, the essay argues that both ecocriticism and environmental history are concerned with practices of environing: each studies the material and symbolic transformations by which “the environment” is configured as a space for human action. Three areas of research are singled out as offering promising models for cooperation between ecocriticism and environmental history: eco-historicism, environmental justice, and new materialism. Bringing the fruits of such efforts to a wider audience will require environmental humanities scholars to experiment with new ways of organizing and disseminating knowledge.
Alanylated lipoteichoic acid primer in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Luo Yu
Published: April 2016

Lipoteichoic acid is a major lipid-anchored polymer in Gram-positive bacteria such asBacillus subtilis. This polymer typically consists of repeating phosphate-containing units and therefore has a predominant negative charge. The repeating units are attached to a glycolipid anchor which has a diacylglycerol (DAG) moiety attached to a dihexopyranose head group. D-alanylation is known as the major modification of type I and type IV lipoteichoic acids, which partially neutralizes the polymer and plays important roles in bacterial survival and resistance to the host immune system. The biosynthesis pathways of the glycolipid anchor and lipoteichoic acid have been fully characterized. However, the exact mechanism of D-alanyl transfer from the cytosol to cell surface lipoteichoic acid remains unclear. Here I report the use of mass spectrometry in the identification of possible intermediate species in the biosynthesis and D-alanylation of lipoteichoic acid: the glycolipid anchor, nascent lipoteichoic acid primer with one phosphoglycerol unit, as well as mono- and di-alanylated forms of the lipoteichoic acid primer. Monitoring these species as well as the recently reported D-alanyl-phosphatidyl glycerol should aid in shedding light on the mechanism of the D-alanylation pathway of lipoteichoic acid.
Fasting blood glucose and newborn birth weight of non- diabetic Sudanese women
Authors: Elmugabil Abdelmageed , Rayis Duria A. , Adam Ishag , Lutfi Mohamed F.
Published: April 2016

Background

Although risk factors for abnormal birth weight has been extensively investigated, whether the physiological range of glucose tolerance affects birth weight in non-diabetic mothers needs to be verified by further research.

Objectives

To assess the effect of maternal sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric and anthropometric measurements, fasting and 2-hour  blood glucose levels on birth weight.

Methods

One hundred and thirty four women were followed from early pregnancy until delivery at Saad Abualila Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan.  Fasting and 2-hour glucose levels following administration of 75 g oral glucose was performed in the third trimester. Association between birth weight and maternal sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric and anthropometric measurements, haemoglobin, fasting and 2-hour blood glucose levels were assessed by linear regression analysis.

Results

The mean (SD) birth weight was 3127.7 (480.0) g, while the 10th and 90th centile were 2500 and 3800 g, respectively. There was no significant difference in the birth weight between male (n=73) and female (n=61) newborns [3167.8 (545.0) vs 3068.9 (384.0) g, P= 0.196]. Likewise there was no significant difference in the birth weight of newborns born to primipara and multipara mothers [3101.7 (529.0) g vs 3151.4 (432.0) g, P= 0.551].

Linear regression analysis demonstrated significant association between fasting blood glucose and birth weight (20 g, P = 0.028). None of the other maternal/fetal characteristics was associated with birth weight, including maternal age, body mass index, gravidity, weight gain during pregnancy, interpregnancy interval, history of miscarriage, haemoglobin level, blood pressure, fetal gender and gestational age.

Conclusion

In this study fasting blood glucose was found to be predictor of birth weight among neonates of non-diabetic Sudanese mothers.
The academic, economic and societal impacts of Open Access: an evidence-based review
Authors: Tennant Jonathan P. , Waldner François , Jacques Damien C. , Masuzzo Paola , Collister Lauren B. , Hartgerink Chris. H. J.
Published: April 2016

Ongoing debates surrounding Open Access to the scholarly literature are multifaceted and complicated by disparate and often polarised viewpoints from engaged stakeholders. At the current stage, Open Access has become such a global issue that it is critical for all involved in scholarly publishing, including policymakers, publishers, research funders, governments, learned societies, librarians, and academic communities, to be well-informed on the history, benefits, and pitfalls of Open Access. In spite of this, there is a general lack of consensus regarding the advantages or disadvantages of Open Access at multiple levels. This review aims to to be a resource for current knowledge on the impacts of Open Access by synthesizing important research in three major areas of impact: academic, economic and societal. While there is clearly much scope for additional research, several key trends are identified, including a broad citation advantage for researchers who publish openly, as well as additional benefits to the non-academic dissemination of their work. The economic case for Open Access is less well-understood, although it is clear that access to the research literature is key for innovative enterprises, and a range of governmental and non-governmental services. Furthermore, Open Access has the potential to save publishers and research funders considerable amounts of financial resources. The social case for Open Access is strong, in particular for advancing citizen science initiatives, and leveling the playing field for researchers in developing countries. Open Access supersedes all potential alternative modes of access to the scholarly literature through enabling unrestricted re-use, and long-term stability independent of financial constraints of traditional publishers that impede knowledge sharing. Open Access remains only one of the multiple challenges that the scholarly publishing system is currently facing. Yet, it provides one foundation for increasing engagement with researchers regarding ethical standards of publishing. We recommend that Open Access supporters focus their efforts on working to establish viable new models and systems of scholarly communication, rather than trying to undermine the existing ones as part of the natural evolution of the scholarly ecosystem. Based on this, future research should investigate the wider impacts of an ecosystem-wide transformation to a system of Open Research.
New Regulation Vectors — “Alternative” Right?
Authors: Tikhomirov YUriy
Published: April 2016

Manifestations of crisis in Russia and other courtiers stimulate the effective use of law resources. Complicated processes in legal sphere encourage exploration of their tendencies and new vectors. Acknowledgement of the supremacy of law is not accompanied by a single-line trend of ensuring its actual high role in the society, one can observe phenomena of lawlessness and legal nihilism. That is why it is important to search for new aspects of legal regulation, among other things, by means of using alternative social regulators. In particular, we mean other alternative social norms that do not contradict the law, including non-state sources of law-making and self-regulation. Such phenomena can be observed both in the national law and in the sphere of international legal regulation where new forms of international obligations and self-commitments of states are successfully applied along with the traditional contract forms. Tangling of the abovementioned vectors is weakened by the tendency to power struggle with the law, when violence breaks down the legal framework foundations. That is why values, principles and fair legal rules enrich the social potential of the law.
Local Normative Legal Regulation: Status and Perspectives
Authors: Samigullin Venir
Published: April 2016

The article provides an overview of the development of the idea of local normative legal regulation in the Imperial Russia, during the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The author upholds the idea that the local normative legal regulation is the form (way, means, method) of the decentralized legal regulation of social relations and at the same time it is a kind of a legal channel for familiarization with democracy. The author notes that the local normative legal regulation in the sphere of public law and private law has its own characteristics. In the area of private law corporate legal regulation is being developed. The author draws attention to the necessity of distinguishing between the local normative legal regulation and normative legal regulation carried out at the level of local government within the framework of the municipal law. The author draws the conclusion that the local normative legal regulation has vast perspectives, if one follows the social partnership doctrine, which means the acknowledgement of various social interests of any social groups and granting them with the legal right and actual possibility to participate in relevant social-legal processes, in the formation of public opinion and adoption of legal solutions at various levels, including at the level of enterprises and organizations, corporations.
Debatable Aspects of Determining Boundaries of Specific Object of Crimes Stipulated by Chapter 19 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Novikov Valyeriy
Published: April 2016

This article discusses issues of the boundaries of specific object of crimes stipulated by Chapter 19 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The author draws attention to the fact that the title of this chapter of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: “Crimes against the Constitutional Rights and Freedoms of Individuals and Citizens” does not accurately reflect its content. A number of crimes that infringe on the constitutional rights and freedoms are described in other chapters and even sections of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. At the same time corpus delicti in art. 138.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, unreasonably included in Chapter 19 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation as the main direct object of this crime, is not related to the specific object — social relationships that ensure the implementation of constitutional rights and freedoms. In this connection the author proposes to change the title of this Chapter of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation using the citation method for groups of constitutional rights and freedoms of an individual and citizen, which are actually protected by articles of this Chapter and to move the legal rule of responsibility for trafficking in special technical devices intended for secret obtaining of information, to Chapter 29 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Criminal Law Interpretation of Victimization Aspect of Domestic Violence
Authors: Kharlamov Valentin
Published: April 2016

The article examines criminal-legal features of victimization aspect of domestic violence, presents the analysis of the use in legislation of such terms as “victim” and “injured person”, their legal specifics, reflects debate in criminal law theory about characteristics of victimization aspect. The author provides classification for victims of criminal assault, reveals gaps of the Russian criminal legislation in the sphere of family protection, puts forward proposals for improving the criminal law aimed at harsher punishment for the violation of rights and interests of a family and its members. The author sees a wider scope of persons recognized as victims to be one of the possible ways of improving legal protection of personal interests, accompanied by enshrining relevant public-law mechanisms of protecting rights and interests of “other persons” as victims in the Criminal and Criminal Procedure Codes of Russia. In order to extend the definition of “victim”, the author proposes to differentiate the legal status of the abovementioned category of persons, talking into account the specifics of each of those persons.
Achieving Balance between Private and Public Interests in Arbitration Disputes
Authors: Kazhlaev Said
Published: April 2016

The article is devoted to the issue of achieving balance between private and public interests in arbitration disputes. The author notes that arbitration proceedings as one of the alternative forms of civil rights protection, guarantee the realization by the parties of the right to freedom of contracts and the right to judicial protection in a voluntarily elected procedural form. The author draws attention to the fact that a legislator can impose certain restrictions, based on the need to ensure balance between private and public interests depending on the object of the dispute, its social importance, conditions of civil circulation, legal culture and development of the national social and economic system. The article contains proposals for amendments and additions to the new Federal Law “On Arbitration (Arbitration Proceedings) in the Russian Federation”. The author concludes that the new task of legal regulation is the creation of favorable legal environment for the functioning of arbitration courts which being an institute of civil society, will contribute to more effective functioning of national economy under the conditions of a civilized market, implementation of stability in economy management and attractiveness of the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation as a venue to conduct arbitration with participation of foreign countries.
Legislation on Foreign Investments and Practice of Investment Dispute Resolution
Authors: Borodkin Stanislav
Published: April 2016

Russian companies doing business outside of the Russian Federation require special protection of their rights and lawful interests. Several methods of protecting foreign investor rights are available under the international law, including national courts and tribunals and commercial arbitrations (both institutionary and ad-hoc). International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes is a special institution established to resolve the controversies related to foreign investments. It was created under an international treaty and its decisions are not subject to sovereign immunity. The article considers ICSID practice regarding the definition of an investment, since disputes are related to an investment activity, which is a topical question when dealing with the determination of the Center competence. While the analyzed cases do not have the power of binding precedents, when the arbiters elaborate on the definition of a foreign investment they use specific criteria that could be relevant for the national law. Since international practice has a more specific definition of foreign investments than the Russian law, the author suggests that the former be taken into consideration when a foreign investment is defined in Russian legal texts. It could ensure better protection of the rights of Russian legal entities abroad.
Does Product Market Competition Drive CVC Investment? Evidence from the U.S. IT Industry
Authors: Kim Keongtae , Gopal Anandasivam , Hoberg Gerard
Published: April 2016

We study the effect of product market competition on the propensity to use corporate venture capital (CVC) as a part of an information technology (IT) firm’s innovation strategy. Using novel measures of product market competition based on product descriptions from firm 10-K statements and accounting for potential endogeneity, we investigate how product market competition between 1997 and 2007 relates to the magnitude of CVC spending. We first find that firms in competitive markets make higher research and development (R&D) and CVC investments. In addition, we find that increasing product market competition leads to a shift away from internal R&D spending and into CVC. These movements are significantly stronger for technology leaders, i.e., firms with deep patent stocks, in the IT industry. We also find that CVC appears to be an effective way of exploiting external knowledge for technology leaders in the IT-producing industry, but not for technology slow starters. CVC investments lead to significantly more patent applications for technology leaders but no appreciable difference for slow starters. Our results provide new insights for theories of innovation in competitive, dynamic markets, potentially as part of a portfolio that includes internal R&D as well as open innovation models.
Coordinating Flexible Performance During Everyday Work: An Ethnomethodological Study of Handoff Routines
Authors: LeBaron Curtis , Christianson Marlys K. , Garrett Lyndon , Ilan Roy
Published: April 2016

Our paper examines the challenge of coordinating flexible performance during everyday work. We draw on routine dynamics and ethnomethodology to examine how intensive care unit (ICU) physicians coordinate their actions—flexibly yet intelligibly—as they handoff patients at change of shift. Through our analysis of interview and video data, we demonstrate how physicians use the sequential features of the handoff routine—i.e., the expected moves and their expected sequence—to adapt each performance of the routine to the unique needs of each patient. We show the need for ongoing coordinating despite a strongly shared ostensive pattern and we illustrate how participants use the sequential nature of the ostensive pattern of the routine as a resource for flexible performance, to manage sequential variation and the sufficiency of moves at transitions. Our findings contribute to the routine dynamics and coordination literatures by providing a more nuanced understanding of how mutual intelligibility is achieved through coordinating, whereby participants create the conditions to move forward with a common project.
Post-surgical wound management of pilonidal cysts with a haemoglobin spray: a case series
Authors: Mustafi N. , Engels P.
Published: April 2016

Painful acute cysts in the natal cleft or lower back, known as pilonidal sinus disease, are a severe burden to many younger patients. Although surgical intervention is the preferred first line treatment, postsurgical wound healing disturbances are frequently reported due to infection or other complications. Different treatment options of pilonidal cysts have been discussed in the literature, however, no standardised guideline for the postsurgical wound treatment is available. After surgery, a common recommended treatment to patients is rinsing the wound with clean water and dressing with a sterile compress. We present a case series of seven patients with wounds healing by secondary intention after surgical intervention of a pilonidal cyst. The average age of the patients was 40 years old. Of the seven patients, three had developed a wound healing disturbance, one wound had started to develop a fibrin coating and three were in a good condition. The applied wound care regimens comprised appropriate mechanical or autolytic debridement, rinsing with an antimicrobial solution, haemoglobin application, and primary and secondary dressings. In all seven cases a complete wound closure was achieved within an average of 76 days with six out of seven wounds achieving wound closure within 23–98 days. Aesthetic appearance was deemed excellent in five out of seven cases excellent and acceptable in one. Treatment of one case with a sustained healing disturbance did result in wound closure but with a poor aesthetic outcome and an extensive cicatrisation of the new tissue. Based on these results we recommend that to avoid healing disturbances of wounds healing by secondary intention after surgical pilonidal cyst intervention, an adequate wound care regime comprising appropriate wound debridement, rinsing, topically applied haemoglobin and adequate wound dressing is recommendable as early as possible after surgery.
Análisis del modelo de evaluación del desempeño docente en el marco de la reforma educativa Mexicana
Authors: Cordero Graciela , González Coral
Published: April 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar y representar gráficamente el modelo de evaluación del desempeño docente en el marco de la reforma educativa mexicana, con el fin de clarificar sus elementos, las relaciones entre ellos y la estructura que los articula. El contenido central está estructurado en cuatro apartados. En primer término se presentan los cambios en la carrera docente en el contexto latinoamericano. En un segundo apartado se describe la Reforma Educativa mexicana. En tercer lugar se explica el proceso de evaluación del desempeño docente. El cuarto apartado describe y analiza el modelo de evaluación del desempeño generado a partir del análisis de los textos centrales de la reforma. Finalmente se discute dicho modelo y se presentan algunas reflexiones a modo de conclusión.
How Does Team Composition Affect Effort in Contests? A Theoretical and Experimental Analysis
Authors: Chen Hua , Lim Noah
Published: April 2016

When companies organize salespeople into teams to compete with one another, how does the ability composition of team members affect effort? And how may the effect of team composition on effort depend on the type of contest the teams are competing in? Using a game-theoretic model, we derive the very sharp predictions that when winning the contest depends on the average team sales, the ability composition of a team has no effect on team effort, and the stronger and weaker members will expend identical effort levels. However, when the contest winner is determined by the minimum or maximum output contribution within the team, heterogeneity in team composition exerts a deleterious effect on team effort, with the stronger and weaker members expending unequal effort. Our model also shows that in a contest between two symmetric teams, when team members are homogeneous, all three contest metrics yield identical team effort; however, when team members are heterogeneous, the average metric elicits the highest team effort. We also discuss cases when the minimum and maximum metrics are optimal. We test the model's empirical validity using two incentive-aligned experiments in which participants make effort decisions strategically. The experimental results exhibit broad support for the theoretical predictions.
Ontologijos transformacijos: forma ir negatyvumas
Authors: Šerpytytė Rita
Published: April 2016

Straipsnyje keliamas klausimas – ar ir kokiu mastu galima, viena vertus, kalbėti apie ontologijos tapatybę, kita vertus – ontologijos transformacijas. Ontologijos tapatumo ir transformacijų galimybės problema svarstoma rekonstruojant plastiškumo sampratą Catherine Malabou filosofijoje. Ši rekonstrukcija atliekama orientuojantis į pačiai plastiškumo idėjai esmingiausią formos santykį su negatyvumu. Parodoma, jog plastiškumo kaip formos anihiliacinės galios analizė Malabou filosofijoje yra grindžiama dviejų neigimų – dialektinio bei diferencinio (dekonstrukcinio) neigimo – atskyrimu. Tačiau tokioje analizėje nematoma skirtumo tarp loginio ir ontologinio neigimo (negatyvumo) aspektų. Tuo tarpu įžvelgiant loginį ir ontologinį neigimo (negatyvumo) netapatumą, dialektiką reikėtų priešinti ne neigimui kaip differànce, o svarstyti dialektinės ir nihilistinės strategijos santykio klausimą. Šis ne visai aiškiai artikuliuotas bei kontroversiškas požiūris į dialektikos ir neigimo santykį Malabou filosofijoje tampa pačios formos plastiškumo atvira problema. Į formos santykį su negatyvumu nukreipta Malabou filosofijos rekonstrukcinė analizė atskleidžia ontologijos transformatyvumą, metamorfiškumą, orientuotą į filosofinę formą – sąvoką. Tačiau transformacija Malabou mąstyme niekada negriauna tapatumo, bet jį kaip tik patvirtina.
Efecto de fertilizantes químicos y orgánicos sobre la agregación de un suelo cultivado con Musa acuminata AA
Authors: Cardona William Andrés , Bolaños Benavides Martha Marina , Chavarriaga montoya William
Published: April 2016

La estabilidad de agregados se define como la persistencia de sus partículas, frente a fuerzas destructivas (factores climáticos o acción antropogénica). El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el efecto de la fertilización sobre la estabilidad estructural de un suelo cultivado con bananito (Musa acuminata AA). Esta investigación se realizó en las fincas Manila y Asobaicotol (Icononzo, Tolima); empleándose un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones y ocho tratamientos; que incluían compost, micorrizas, fertilizantes minerales, fertilizante 17–6–18–2 (60 y 100g) y un testigo absoluto (sin fertilización). Estos suelos presentaron agregación media (agregados >0,55mm) con valores de 38,8%, porcentaje de agregados extremos entre 40 – 50% y una estabilidad de agregados del 80%; clasificándolos como suelos muy estables. Las muestras de suelo que recibieron fertilización completa, compost + micorrizas y 60g de 17–6–18–2; presentaron estabilidad estructural clase 3. Los valores más altos de DPM (Diámetro Ponderado Medio) se obtuvieron con uso de solo compost y mezclado con micorrizas; en contraste, suelos que recibieron fertilizantes minerales y químicos presentaron mala estructuración (DPM <0.5mm). Mediante el uso del DGM (Diámetro Geométrico Medio) se observan valores más uniformes que con el DPM. Finalmente, bajo todos los tratamientos, agregados con diámetro >0,75mm no superaron el 50% y por el contrario, las muestras de suelo presentaron entre 20 – 30% de agregados con diámetro <0,25mm. Los resultados obtenidos, permiten evidenciar el efecto positivo de la aplicación de compost y micorrizas sobre la agregación del suelo bajo estudio.
Incidencia de sistemas agroforestales con Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg. sobre propiedades físicas de suelos de lomerío en el departamento de Caquetá, Colombia
Authors: Rosas Patiño Gelber , Muñoz Ramos Jader , Suárez Salazar Juan Carlos
Published: April 2016

En los municipios Belén de los Andaquies, Florencia y El Doncello (departamento de Caquetá, Colombia), se colectaron muestras de suelo en lomerío bajo cinco tipos de cobertura (Bosque secundario, Arreglo Agroforestal H. brasiliensis Muell asociado con frutales y/o frutales, Arreglo Agroforestal con H. brasiliensis Muell y rastrojo, H. brasiliensis Muell en monocultivo y Pastura nativa), con el fin de determinar la incidencia que tienen los sistemas agroforestales con Hevea brasiliensis sobre las propiedades físicas de los suelos. Se encontró que el comportamiento de las variables profundidad del horizonte A, compactación, densidad real y humedad gravimétrica es similar en suelos bajo monocultivo de H. brasiliensis y bajo pastura nativa. El efecto positivo de la especie H. brasiliensis en sistemas agroforestales con frutales y con rastrojos se evidenció en las variables profundidad del horizonte A, densidad aparente, compactación y porosidad total, las cuales se comportaron en forma similar a las de suelos bajo bosque secundario. En general se observa la incidencia de los arreglos agroforestales sobre la modificación de variables físicas del suelo en el piedemonte amazónico.
Caracterización de parámetros fisicoquímicos en frutos de mora (Rubus alpinus Macfad)
Authors: Moreno Brigitte Liliana , Deaquiz Oyola Yuli Alexandra
Published: April 2016

La mora (Rubus alpinus Macfad) es un cultivo agrícola rentable para pequeños productores que no cuenta con herramientas tecnológicas poscosecha suficientes, que les permite ser más competitivos en el merca-do nacional e internacional.  En el trabajo se evaluaron parámetros fisicoquímicos de frutos de mora en un diseño factorial 4 x 2 con cuatro repeticiones donde el primer factor correspondió a las fincas de culti-vo y el segundo a los grados de madurez.  Se midieron las variables pH, sólidos solubles totales, acidez total titulable, índice de madurez, firmeza, diámetro y longitud del fruto.  Se encontró que los estados de madurez, las condiciones edafoclimáticas de la zona y el manejo agronómico influyen directamente sobre las características fisicoquímicas del fruto, siendo el estado de madurez grado 6 el que presenta las carac-terísticas organolépticas optimas de consumo y procesamiento del fruto en fresco.
Efecto de la aplicación de riego controlado en la producción y calidad del fruto de Pyrus communis L., cv. Triunfo de Viena
Authors: Díaz Abril Diana Milena , Velez Sánchez Javier Enrique , Rodriguez Hernández Pedro
Published: April 2016

En Colombia, las áreas de siembra en pera (Pyrus communis L.) han incrementado en los últimos años, debido a las ventajas nutricionales y medicinales que presenta el consumo de esta fruta.  En el estudio se evaluó el efecto de la reducción de riego durante la etapa de crecimiento rápido del fruto en la producción y calidad del cultivar Triunfo de Viena de pera, con el fin de implementar estrategias para una mayor efi-ciencia de la utilización de agua durante los periodos fenológicos del cultivo.  La investigación se realizó en 2012 y 2013 en árboles de pera de 16 años de edad en el municipio de Sesquilé, Cundinamarca (Colom-bia) aplicando tres tratamientos de riego:  (1) control (T1) = aplicación de riego equivalente al 100% de la (evaporación del cultivo) (ETc) durante todo el ciclo de producción, (T2) = aplicación de riego equivalente a 73% de la ETc durante el periodo de crecimiento rápido del fruto, y (T3) = aplicación de riego equivalente a 53% de la ETc durante el mismo periodo T2.  El diseño experimental fue bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento y los resultados fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza (Anova) y prueba de comparación de medias de Duncan (P < 0.05).  La reducción de riego equivalente a 53% de la ETc en época de sequía no afecto la producción ni la calidad del fruto, lo que permitió un ahorro de 47% de agua en esta etapa de crecimiento del fruto cuando se requiere aplicación de riego.
Students' Attitudes toward Formal Education, Non-Formal and Informal Learning / Stavovi studentica i studenata prema formalnom obrazovanju, neformalnom i informalnom učenju
Authors: Plavšić Marlena , Diković Marina
Published: April 2016

The purpose of the study was to contribute to the model of formal education, non-formal and informal learning (Coombs & Ahmed, 1974; European Commission, 2001) by exploring students’ attitudes towards these three types of education and learning. 553 students of educational sciences, humanities and economics filled in a scale of attitudes towards formal education, non-formal and informal learning. Data on their study year, knowledge about these three types of education/learning, monthly family income and parents’ formal education were also collected. Analyses included factor analysis, ANOVA, t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and chi-square test. More favourable attitudes were found among students of educational sciences and humanities and among students with better knowledge about these types of education and learning. Some attitudes were more favourable in the final years, and some remained stabile throughout the higher education period. Students from the higher income groups had a more favourable cognitive and affective attitude component towards formal education than the students from the lowest income group. No differences in the students’ attitudes were found regarding their parents’ formal education. Implications regarding lifelong learning are made. Key words: knowledge; lifelong learning; monthly income; study group; study year.---Svrha istraživanja bila je pridonijeti modelu formalnoga obrazovanja, neformalnoga i informalnoga učenja (Coombs i Ahmed, 1974; European Commission, 2001) ispitivanjem stavova studenata i studentica prema tim trima vrstama obrazovanja i učenja. Skalu stavova prema formalnom obrazovanju, neformalnom i informalnom učenju ispunjavala su 553 studentice i studenta odgojno obrazovnih znanosti, humanističkih znanosti i ekonomije. Prikupljeni su i podaci o njihovoj godini studija, znanju o te tri vrste obrazovanja i učenja, mjesečnim prihodima u obitelji i formalnom obrazovanju roditelja. Obrada je uključivala faktorsku analizu, ANOVA-u, t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test i hi-kvadrat. Povoljniji stavovi pronađeni su među studenticama i studentima odgojno-obrazovnih i humanističkih znanosti i među onima s više znanja o tim vrstama obrazovanja i učenja. Neki su stavovi povoljniji na završnim godinama studija, a neki su stabilni tijekom studija. Studentice i studenti iz obitelji s višim primanjima imaju povoljniju kognitivnu i afektivnu komponentu stava prema formalnom obrazovanju u usporedbi s onima koji imaju najniža primanja. Nisu pronađene razlike u stavovima studenata i studentica s obzirom na formalno obrazovanje njihovih roditelja. Dane su implikacije vezane uz cjeloživotno učenje. Ključne riječi: cjeloživotno učenje; godina studija; mjesečna primanja; vrsta studija; znanje.
Theoretical Backgrounds of E-Learning / Teorijska polazišta e-učenja
Authors: Bognar Branko
Published: April 2016

E-learning could be carried out with any theory of learning by applying electronic devices. Skinner, for example, introduced programmed instructions in the 50’s by the aid of mechanical devices that made immediate reinforcement for the right answer possible. In the frame of cognitivism, students could use a computer as a device for experimenting and researching by using multimedia hypertexts. The question about meaning of learning and getting to know not only external reality, but also inner world of any student was pointed out by the constructivist and humanistic learning theory. However, e-learning should not be reduced to delivering programmed instructions or multimedia hypertexts, it should allow students to be creators of their knowledge (constructivism) and, what is more important, of the world they live in (activism). Modern learning management systems like Moodle, along with social networking systems, could be used for carrying out such e-learning.Key words: activism; behaviorism; cognitivism; constructivism; learning theories---E-učenje može biti ostvareno polazeći od bilo koje teorije učenja uz primjenu elektroničkih uređaja. Tako je Skinner 50-ih godina prošlog stoljeća uveo programiranu nastavu uz pomoć mehaničkih strojeva koji su davali neposredno potkrepljenje za točne odgovore učenika. U okviru kognitivizma učenici su se mogli koristiti računalima kao uređajima za eksperimentiranje i istraživanje uz korištenje multimedijskim hipertekstom. Pitanje o smislu učenja i spoznavanju ne samo izvanjske stvarnosti već unutrašnjeg svijeta bilo kojeg učenika postavile su konstruktivistička i humanistička teorija učenja. Pojmovi kao što su virtualne zajednice, e-zajednice, umrežene zajednice učenja sve se češće koriste. E-učenje ne bi trebalo svoditi samo na programiranu nastavu ili multimedijski hipertekst, ono bi trebalo omogućiti učenicima da budu kreatori svog znanja (konstruktivizam) i, što je čak važnije, svijeta u kojem žive (aktivizam). Suvremeni sustavi za e-učenje kao što je Moodle i društvene mreže mogu se koristiti za ostvarivanje takvog učenja. Ključne riječi: aktivizam; biheviorizam; kognitivizam, konstruktivizam, teorije učenja.
The simple isocratic HPLC—UV method for the simultaneous determination of reduced and oxidized glutathione in animal tissue
Authors: Begic Aida , Djuric Ana , Gobeljic Borko , Stevanovic Ivana , Lukic Vera , Stanojevic Ivan , Ninkovic Milica , Saso Luciano , Vojvodic Danilo , Djukic Mirjana
Published: April 2016

The aim of our work was to optimize and apply simple high-performance liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet detection (HPLC—UV) for simultaneous determination of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione in biological matrix (specifically, the rat liver tissue was used herein), since the ratio between oxidized and reduced glutathione forms (GSSG—GSH) has been recognized as an important biological marker of oxidatively depleted GSH in oxidative stress (OS)-associated diseases and poisonings. An isocratic chromatographic separation of GSH and GSSG (2.8 min and 6.3 min, respectively) was performed with the mobile phase consisted of sodium perchlorate solution (pH adjusted to 2.8) at flow rate of 1 mL min−1, detection set at 215 nm, and column temperature of 40 °C. The method offers short run time, linearity in the range of 0.01—200 μM concentration for both compounds (R2 = 1), low limits of detection and quantification (GSH: 0.18 μM and 0.56 μM, GSSG: 0.52 μM and 1.58 μM, respectively), precision, accuracy (bias < 2%), and high reproducibility.

Through suitable sample handling, an overestimation of GSSG was prevented. High recovery (>99%) was achieved. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of GSH and GSSG in liver homogenates of Wistar rats intraperitoneally exposed to cadmium (Cd) (1 mg kg−1 CdCl2/21 days). Regardless of other Cd-mediated hepatotoxicity mechanisms, herein, we have exclusively interpreted/emphasized oxidative GSH depletion.

The presented method is acceptable for a routine analysis of GSH and GSSG in biological matrix, while the calculated ratio GSSG—GSH is considered as a valuable OS marker.
Development and validation of an isocratic HPLC method for simultaneous determination of quaternary mixtures of antihypertensive drugs in pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Anderson J.F.F. , Gerlin M.C.G. , Sversut R.A. , Oliveira L.C.S. , Singh A.K. , Amaral M.S. , Kassab N.M.
Published: April 2016

The objective of this study was to develop and validate an assay method for simultaneous determination of atenolol, furosemide, losartan, and spironolactone in pharmaceutical formulations. A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography procedure was developed, using a Kinetex® C-18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.6 μm). The mobile phase was composed of methanol—water (75:25 v/v, pH 3.0, adjusted with phosphoric acid), with a flow rate of 0.4 mL min−1. All drugs were separated in less than 5 min. The method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) guidelines. The method showed linearity in a concentration range of 0.75–12.0 μg mL−1 for atenolol (r = 0.9995), 0.30–12.00 μg mL−1 for furosemide (r = 0.9997), 0.45–12.00 μg mL−1 for losartan (r = 0.9995), and 0.45–12.0 μg mL−1 for spironolactone (r = 0.9999). The method also showed repeatability and precision. The three-day average intra-day precisions were 101.35 ± 0.74% for atenolol, 95.84 ± 1.44% for furosemide, 98.90 ± 1.16% for losartan, and 97.19 ± 0.18% for spironolactone. Similarly, the inter-day precisions were 101.34 ± 0.72% for atenolol, 95.84 ± 0.1.50% for furosemide, 98.90 ± 1.17% for losartan, and 97.19 ± 0.83% for spironolactone. The method accuracy was also tested and validated — in this case, the average recovery values were 100.18 ± 1.20% for atenolol, 99.83 ± 1.54% for furosemide, 100.07 ± 0.95% for losartan, and 99.94 ± 0.93% for spironolactone. Finally, the method was successfully applied in the simultaneous determination of atenolol, furosemide, losartan, and spironolactone in magisterial formulas, as well as in commercial pharmaceutical formulations.