bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The EWAS Catalog: a database of epigenome-wide association studies
Authors: Battram Thomas , Yousefi Paul , Crawford Gemma , Prince Claire , Babei Mahsa Sheikhali , Sharp Gemma , Hatcher Charlie , Vega-Salas Maria Jesus , Khodabakhsh Sahar , Whitehurst Oliver , Langdon Ryan , Mahoney Luke , Elliott Hannah R , Mancano Giulia , Lee Matthew , Watkins Sarah H , Lay Abigail C , Hemani Gibran , Gaunt Tom R , Relton Caroline , Staley James R , Suderman Matthew
Published: February 2021

Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) seek to quantify associations between traits/exposures and DNA methylation measured at thousands or millions of CpG sites across the genome. In recent years, the increase in availability of DNA methylation measures in population-based cohorts and case-control studies has resulted in a dramatic expansion of the number of EWAS being performed and pub-lished. To make this rich source of results more accessible, we have manually curated a database of CpG-trait associations (with p<1x10-4) from published EWAS, each assaying over 100,000 CpGs in at least 100 individuals. From 2021-01-29, The EWAS Catalog contained 1,045,303 associations from over 1000 EWAS. This includes 652,530 associations from 264 peer-reviewed publications. In addi-tion, it also contains summary statistics for 392,773 associations from 428 EWAS, performed in data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and the Gene Expression Om-nibus (GEO). The database is accompanied by a web-based tool and R package, giving researchers the opportunity to quickly and easily query EWAS associations and gain insight into the molecular under-pinnings of disease as well as the impact of traits and exposures on the DNA methylome. The EWAS Catalog is available at: http://www.ewascatalog.org.
ALASAN MENGAJUKAN GUGATAN DI PENGADILAN TATA USAHA NEGARA
Authors: saputra Wanda
Published: February 2021

Alasan Megajukan Gugatan di Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara
Asas-asas Umum Peradilan Yang Baik Menurut Konsepsi Mahkamah AgungRepublik Indonesia
Authors: tama Gana aria
Published: February 2021

Mahkamah agung adalah lembaga tertinggi dalam system ketatanegaraan Indonesia yang merupakan pemegang kekuasaan kehakiman bersama-sama dengan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Mahkamah agung membawahi badan peradilan dalam lingkungan peradilan umum, lingkungan peradilan agama, lingkungan peradilan militer, lingkungan peradilan tata usaha Negara.Istilah ‘asas’ dalam Asas Umum Peradilan yang Baik, atau sebagai ‘asas hukum’, yaitu suatu asas yang menjadi dasar suatu kaidah hukum. Asas hukum adalah asas yang menjadi dasar pembentukan kaidah-kaidah hukum, termasuk juga kaidah hukum tata pemerintahan. Kaidah atau norma adalah ketentuan-ketentuan tentang bagaimana seharusnya manusia bertingkah laku dalam pergaulan hidupnya dengan manusia lainnya.Peradilan adalah pelaksanaan hukum dalam hal ada tuntutan hak yang konkret, fungsi mana dijalankan oleh suatu badan yang berdiri sendiri dan diadakan oleh negara serta bebas dari pengaruh apa atau siapapun dengan cara memberikan putusan yang bersifat mengikat dan bertujuan mencegah eigenrichting.Ada Beberapa Asas-asas peradilan yang baik adalah,sbb :1.Penerapan Asas retroaktif, 2. Asas Persamaan di Mata Hukum, 3.Asas Persidangan yang terbuka untuk umum4. Asas Perlindungan korban dan saksi
191320031_IAT_3_Kodinghadis
Authors: St Rohmah Eneng
Published: February 2021

Dibuatnya coding data hadis ini untuk memenuhi Salah satu tugas mata kuliah Hadis Tematik jurusan IAT semester 3.
EFEKTIFITAS MODEL INTERAKTIF BERBASIS DARING PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPA KELAS V SD NEGERI PANNARA KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: sumardi Wiwi pratiwi
Published: February 2021

catatan terkait tentang efektivitas model interaktif
Sistem Pengelolaan Dan Pendistribusian Wakaf Tunai Pada Lembaga Nirlaba
Authors: Hasyim Nuraliyah Rasyidah
Published: February 2021

mengetahui bagaimana sistem pengelolaan dan pendistribusian wakaf tunai pada lembaga nirlaba
Tafsir, Ta'wil dan Terjemah
Authors: Murtado Muhamad
Published: February 2021

Takwil,tafsir,dan terjemah merupakan disiplin ilmu yang menjelaskan tentang kandungan al-Qur’an. Takwil lebih menitikberatkan pada penjelasan kandungan makna al-Qur’an,sementara tafsir lebih memfokuskan pada penjelasan lafalnya. Dan terjemah memindahkan kata-kata dari suatu bahasa yang sinonim dengan bahasa yang lain. Dari segi sejarah, penafsiran al-Qur’an secara menyeluruh baru dilakukan pada awal abad keempat. Setelah itu muncul tafsir-tafsir lain dengan berbagai pendekatan disiplin ilmu. Namun belakangan ini, muncul pendapat dari beberapa ilmuan Muslim yang mengusulkan perlunya penafsiran al- Qur’an dengan pendekatan baru. Salah satu ilmuan itu adalah Abdullah Saeed. Dalam kaitan ini Saeed melihat bahwa dewasa ini telah terjadi perubahan yang signifikan dalam sejarah manusia. Sebab itu, menurutnya perlu adanya upaya pendekatan kontekstual dalam menafsirkan al-Qur’an. Penafsiran pendekatan kontekstual yang dimaksud adalah
PEMBINAAN PERADILAN (Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Dalam Perspektif Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak)
Authors: andika viko prasetya
Published: February 2021

Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak(UU SPPA) disahkan oleh DPR RI pada tanggal 30 Juli 2012 dan mulai diberlakukan duatahun setelah tanggal pengundangannya, yaitu berlaku sejak tanggal 31 Juli 2014,1 yangbertujuan agar dapat terwujud peradilan yang benar-benar menjamin perlindungankepentingan terbaik terhadap anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum. UU SPPA inimerupakan pengganti dari Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 tentang PengadilanAnak (UU Pengadilan Anak), karena UU Pengadilan Anak dinilai sudah tidak sesuai lagidengan kebutuhan hukum dalam masyarakat dan belum secara komprehensifmemberikan perlindungan khusus kepada anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum. Secarayuridis Undang-Undang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak telah merubah paradigma dalampenanganan Anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum (ABH). Bagi Anak yang menjalaniproses peradilan (menjalani masa pidananya/Anak yang dijatuhi pidana penjara)ditempatkan di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA)
PRPPOSAL
Authors: Ratu Na'omi
Published: February 2021

Pendidikan di sekolah dasar yang diselenggarakan selama 6 tahun bertujuan untuk memberikan kemampuan dasar bagi para siswa sebelum mengikuti pendidikan lanjutan. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, pemerintah telah menetapkan kurikulum yang berisi sejumlah mata pelajaran beserta susunan bahan kajian pada mata pelajaran tersebut. Berhubungan dengan hal ini, pelajaran IPS merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran yang terdapat dalam kurikulum tersebut. Rambu-rambu pelaksanaan pembelajaran IPS SD menyebutkan bahwa pengajaran IPS hendaknya dilaksanakan dengan kekhasan konsep/materi pokok dan perkembangan berpikir siswa SD. Ini berarti bahwa konsep-konsep dasar IPS hendaknya dipahami siswa dengan baik agar siswa beroleh pengetahuan yang memadai tentang konsep IPS.
HAKIKAT PANCASILA SEBAGAI DASAR NEGARA DAN IDEOLOGI NEGARA
Authors: Ningsih Indryani Silvia
Published: February 2021

Pancasila adalah suatu ideologi yang dianut oleh bangsa Indonesia. Di dalam pancasila terdapat isi di setiap silanya sesuai dengan cita-cita, tujuan dan harapan terbentuknya negara Indonesia. Pada dasarnya Pancasila sebgai dasar sistem pemerintahan dengan cara menjalankan dan melaksanakan kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan pemerintahan dengan cara menjalankan kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan pemerintahan sesuai dengan isi pancasila tersebut.Pancasila adalah lima nilai dasar luhur yang ada dan berkembang bersama dengan bangsa Indonesia sejak dahulu.Sejarah merupakan deretan peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Peristiwa-peristiwa masa lampau yang berhubungan dengan kejadian masa sekarang dan semuanya bermuara pada masa yang akan datang. Hal ini berarti bahwa semua aktivitas manusia pada masa lampau berkaitan dengan kehidupan masa sekarang untuk mewujudkan masa depan yang berbeda dengan masa yang sebelumnya.Dasar Negara merupakan alas atau fundamen yang menjadi pijakan dan mampu memberikan kekuatan kepada berdirinya sebuah Negara. Negara Indonesia dibangun juga berdasarkan pada suatu landasan atau pijakan yaitu pancasila. Pancasila, dalam fungsinya sebagai dasar Negara, merupakan sumber kaidah hukum yang mengatur Negara Republik Indonesia, termasuk di dalamnya seluruh unsur-unsurnya yakni pemerintah, wilayah, dan rakyat. Pancasila dalam kedudukannya merupakan dasar pijakan penyelenggaraan Negara dan seluruh kehidupan Negara Republik Indonesia.Pancasila adalah pedoman kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Sepanjang Indonesia masih ada, pancasila akan menyertai perjalannya. Nilai-nilai esensial yang terkandung dalam pancasila, yaitu : Ketuhanan, Kemanusiaan, Persatuan, Kerakyatan serta Keadilan. Tanggal 1 Juni 1945 adalah lahirnya pancasila dari pidato Ir. Soekarno di hadapan para anggota Badan Penyelidik Usaha-Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (BPUPKI). Pancasila adalah filsafat negara Republik Indonesia yang secara resmi disahkan oleh PPKI pada tanggal 18 Agustus 1945 dan tercantum dalam pembukaan UUD 1945 yang diundangkan dalam berita Republik Indonesia tahun II No. 7 bersamaan dengan batang tubuh UUD 1945.
Hadits tentang Shalat
Authors: Andrea Julianto
Published: February 2021

Tentang berbagai macam waktu, pakaian dan segala macam
TUGAS PRIBADI UAS ILMU NEGARA FAJAR GEFIN OFARI NO BP 2010003600018
Authors: Ofari Fajar Gefin
Published: February 2021

Konfederasi adalah bentuk perserikatan antara negara merdeka berdasarkan perjanjian atau undang-undang misalnya yang menyangkut berbagai kebijakan bersama.
Aplikasi Analisis Keruangan dalam Kebijakan Menghadapi Covid-19 di Indonesia
Authors: Sadali Mohammad Isnaini , Rosewidiadari Ersa Latifa
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 dinyatakan sebagai pandemi dan kedaruratan kesehatan masyarakat yang meresahkan dunia, oleh karena itu diperlukan perhatian dan peran serta berbagai keilmuan untuk mencari solusi dalam menghadapinya. Salah satu pendekatan geografi yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan (kebijakan) adalah pendekatan keruangan. Analisis lokasi, persebaran/distribusi keruangan, dan prediksi/trend terhadap kasus COVID-19 dapat dilakukan dengan analisis keruangan dan diintegrasikan dengan analisis lain guna mendapatkan hasil yang diharapkan. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah menganalisis beberapa kebijakan pemerintah di Indonesia yang menggunakan analisis keruangan untuk menghadapi COVID-19. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan data sekunder sebagai sumber data utama. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa analisis keruangan telah dimanfaatkan pemerintah sebagai bahan dan bagian dalam pengambilan kebijakan. Beberapa kebijakan di Indonesia yang menggunakan analisis keruangan adalah analisis lokasi dan sebaran kasus COVID-19 , serta analisis area (wilayah) terdampak atau beresiko. Analisis keruangan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mendukung sebuah kebijakan maupun keputusan, sehingga tindakan antisipasi penyebaran dan pencegahan kasus COVID-19 dapat dilakukan lebih awal.
NEGARA HUKUM INDONESIA
Authors: ADRIATI FAHMIYENI
Published: February 2021

Indonesia merupakan negara hukum tertuang dalam Pasal 1 ayat 3 Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 yang berbunyi “Negara Indonesia adalah negara hukum”, dimana Indonesia menggabungkan beberapa system hukum di dalam konstitusinya. Pasal 1 ayat 3 ini mempunyai makna bahwasannya Indonesia adalah negara hukum yang pelaksanaan ketatanegaraanya dilaksanakan berdasarkan peraturan dan ketentuan yang berlaku
KONSEP NEGARA DEMOKRASI
Authors: Humaira Annisa
Published: February 2021

Kata demokrasi berasal dari bahasa Yunani,yaitu Demos yang artinya rakyat dan Kratos yang berarti kekuasaan. Demokrasi menurut Lincoln yaitu bahwa demokrasi merupakan sistem pemerintahan yang diselenggarakan dari rakyat,oleh rakyat,dan untuk rakyat. Demokrasi merupakan sistem pemerintahan yang telah digunakan di berbagai negara termasuk di Indonesia. Salah satu negara yang menganut demokrasi yaitu ciri-cirinya adanya kebebasan pers dan media, adanya persamaan hak bagi semua warga negara,adanya pemilihan umum langsung serta pemerintah yang ada ditangan rakyat.
Robust Extraction and Simplification of 2D Symmetric Tensor Field Topology
Authors: Jankowai Jochen , Wang Bei , Hotz Ingrid
Published: February 2021

In this work, we propose a controlled simplification strategy for degenerated points in symmetric 2D tensor fields that is based on the topological notion of robustness. Robustness measures the structural stability of the degenerate points with respect to variation in the underlying field. We consider an entire pipeline for generating a hierarchical set of degenerate points based on their robustness values. Such a pipeline includes the following steps: the stable extraction and classification of degenerate points using an edge labeling algorithm, the computation and assignment of robustness values to the degenerate points, and the construction of a simplification hierarchy. We also discuss the challenges that arise from the discretization and interpolation of real world data.
Implikasi Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Kredit
Authors: Syahril Muh. Akbar Fhad
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak pandemi Covid-19 bagi para debitur yang mengingkari perjanjian karena Force Majeur sebagai dampak pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan ialah penelitian normatif yuridis, dengan pendekatan konseptual yang merupakan suatu jenis pendekatan di dalam penelitian hukum yang memberi sudut pandang analisa terhadap penyelesaian permasalahan dalam penelitian hukum, dilihat dari aspek dan konsep-konsep hukum yang melatarbelakanginya, juga bisa dilihat dari nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam penormaan sebuah peraturan yang sekaitan dengan konsep-konsep yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penyelesaian perjanjian kredit bank sebagai akibat Force Majeure karena pandemi Covid-19, yang dilakukan kreditur untuk menyelamatkan debitur dari kredit macet tersebut, diantaranya yaitu dengan recheduling, reconditioning, dan restructuring, eksekusi jaminan melalui lelang, hal ini didasari pada Peraturan Bank Indonesia.
Tingkah Laku Terpuji
Authors: Fahrizal Muhammad Ari
Published: February 2021

Berbicara mengenai akhlak, maka pengertian akhlak itu sendiri secara etimologi berasal dari kata khalaqa yang berarti menciptakan, membuat atau menjadikan. Akhlak adalah kata yang berbentuk mufrad, jamaknya khuluqun, yang berarti perangai, tabiat, adat atau khulqun yang berarti kejadian, buatan, ciptaan. Sehingga Akhlak secara etimologi berarti suatu sistem perilaku yang dibuat oleh manusia. Sedangkan secara terminologis akhlak mempunyai arti ilmu yang menentukan batas antara baik dan buruk, antara yang terbaik dan tercela, tentang perkataan atau perbuatan manusia lahir dan batin. Dan dalam kamus besar Bahasa Indonesia, kata akhlak diartikan sebagai kelakuan, tabiat, tingkah laku. Kemudian menurut Sjarkawi, akhlak diartikan sama dengan budi pekerti, yang pada dasarnya akhlak mengajarkan bagaimana seseorang seharusnya berhubungan dengan Tuhannya, sekaligus bagaimana seseorang seharusnya berhubungan dengan sesama manusia. Perlakuan hubungan tersebut dilakukan dengan mengikuti petunjuk dan pedoman yang terdapat dalam ajaran agama Islam.
TENGGANG WAKTU MENGAJUKAN GUGATAN DI PENGADILAN TATA USAHA NEGARA
Authors: munandar pikiy
Published: February 2021

Tujuan negara Republik Indonesia yaitumelindungi segenap bangsa dan seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia, memajukankesejahteraan umum, dan mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. Dalam kehidupanbernegara yang demikian, maka persamaan kedudukan diantara warga negaradalam hukum mutlak harus dijamin. Dengan demikian tiap warga negaramempunyai persamaan kedudukan, persamaan hak dan persamaan kewajibandalam hukum. Guna mewujudkan hal tersebut diperlukan upaya untukmenegakkan ketertiban, keadilan, kebenaran dan kepastian hukum yang mampu memberikan perlindungan kepada masyarakat khususnya dalamhubungan antara masyarakat dengan badan atau pejabat tata usaha negara.
Cuando el lenguaje excluye: consideraciones sobre el lenguaje no binario indirecto
Authors: López Ártemis
Published: February 2021

Aunque las personas no binarias existimos en diversas culturas desde hace siglos, es un hecho indiscutible que nuestra visibilidad y representación está aumentando en todos los ámbitos. Con este aumento vienen retos lingüísticos para las personas que no forman parte de nuestra comunidad pero que quieren o deben hablar de nosotres, como reporteres o traductores que, con frecuencia, reproducen información sin tener contacto directo con los sujetos de ese discurso. Esta falta de familiaridad puede repercutir de manera negativa en obras cuyo proceso creativo incluyó documentación extensa y puede dejar al margen a las personas no binarias que formen parte del público objetivo. Este artículo trata varios casos de traducciones problemáticas o erróneas relacionadas con el lenguaje no binario indirecto (LNI) para ilustrar los problemas que también supone el LNI en la comunicación, traducida o no.
Realisasi Agama Islam dalam kehidupan sosial
Authors: Suheli Ahmad
Published: February 2021

perso`alan agama merupakan yang sangat mendasar terhadap kehidupan manusia, karena agama mengandung unsurkeyakinan didalam diri sendiri manusia tentang yang ghaib sebagai kebenaran yang hakiki atau kemutlakan. Dalam pandangan umum, agama dipahami memiliki peran yang besar dalam kehidupan manusia, karena ia bertujuanuntuk mengatur kehidupan manusia menjadi lebih baik. Jurnal ini mencoba untuk melihat keberadaan agama islam sebagai realitas sosial, hakikat kehidupan sosial, reaksi yang diberikan agama terhadap perubahan sosial masyarakat serta peranan agama dalam kehidupan masyrakat.dari beberapa tela`ahan yang dilakukan, agama sebagai unsur keyakinan telah memberikan suau bentuk kehidupan bahwa orang beragama dapat bereksistensi sebagai manusia yang berbudi dan berintelektual mulia serta memiliki pegangan hidup. Oleh karena itu dengan beragama manusia dapat hidup didalam masyarakat secara harmonis dan dinamis serta dapat memajukan manusia secara bersama-sama.
Tipe Negara Yunani Purba
Authors: manyu abi
Published: February 2021

Tipe negara ialah suatu penggolongan negara yang tidak mempunyai batas-batas yang tegas. Ini berbeda dengan klasifikasi negara atas bentuk-bentuk tertentu, misal bentuk negara (Kesatuan atau federasi) dan bentuk pemerintahan (Kerajaan atau Republik) dimana batas-batas dan ukurannya cukup tegas sehingga mudah dikenali. Menurut Prof. Logemann, tipe negara lebih berkenaan dengan struktur batin pemerintah, mengenai hubungan antara pemerintah dengan warga negara, dan mengenai tugas negara.Tipe negara ditinjau dari segi sejarah antara lain :a)Tipe negara-negara yunani kuno, yang ciri-cirinya : merupakan polis (city state) dan demokratis (langsung).Tipe Negara ditinjau dari sisi hokum antara lain :a) Negara Polisi (polizei Staat), cirinya : • Negara menentukan segalanya, sedang rakyat pasif (jadi siofat hubungan negara/penguasarakyat adalah “Positif-Pasif” • Solus Publica Supreme lex, artinya kepentingan umum diatas segalanya, termasuk diatas hukum/undang-undang • Principe legibus solutus est, artinya hanya raja/penguasa yang dapat membuat hukum/undang-undang • Dipengaruhi aliran merkantilisme dalam ilmu ekonomi. b) Negara Hukum Formal/Liberal (Formeele.Liberal Rechtstaat) Negera hukum formal merupakan anti tesis dari negara polisi, cirinya : • Negara tak boleh campur tangan dalam bidang ekonomi, rakyat yang bebas atau aktif dalam pemerintahan, sehingga status hubungan negara-rakyat sifatnya negatif-aktif • Negara hanya merupakan wasit saja kalau ada pelanggaran aturan permainan dari rakyat yang berkompetisi bebas, sehingga disebut juga “negara Penjaga malam” • Pandangan akan hukum yang sempit (undang-undang) dan aliran liberailsme sangat mempengaruhi tipe negara hukum formil ini. Negara Hukum Materiil/Modern atau negara Kesejahteraan(welfare state).c) Tipe negara hukum materiil merupakan tesis baru dari negara polisi (tesis) dan negara hukum formal(antitesis). Sifat hubungan negara-rakyat adalah positif-aktif
Kewibawaan Kekuasaan Negara dan Hukum
Authors: Abdussalam Dicky Arief
Published: February 2021

Kewibawaan kekuasaan merupakan suatu hal sangat penting untuk dipelajari, karena menyangkut tentang suatu pembawaan serta keadilan. Kewibawaan sangat berpengaruh dalam beberapa hal, baik itu dalam bernegara dan berorganisasi. Kewibawaan tidak hanya soal kekuasaan negara, kewibawaan pun dibutuhkan dalam kekuasaan hukum. Dalam mata kuliah Ilmu Negara kewibawaan dijabarkan banyak oleh beberapa ahli dengan beberapa pendapatnya. Negara pada hakikatnya merupakan organisasi kekuasaan yang meliputi atau menyatukan kelompok manusia yang kemudian disebut bangsa dan negara sebagai organisasi kekuasaan memiliki suatu kewibawaan sehingga negara dapat memaksakan kehendaknya kepada semua orang yang diliputi oleh organisasi tersebut.
PEMBINAAN PERADILAN (Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Dalam Perspektif Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak)
Authors: andika viko prasetya
Published: February 2021

Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (UU SPPA)disahkan oleh DPR RI pada tanggal 30 Juli 2012 dan mulai diberlakukan dua tahun setelahtanggal pengundangannya, yaitu berlaku sejak tanggal 31 Juli 2014,1 yang bertujuan agar dapatterwujud peradilan yang benar-benar menjamin perlindungan kepentingan terbaik terhadap anakyang berhadapan dengan hukum. UU SPPA ini merupakan pengganti dari Undang-UndangNomor 3 Tahun 1997 tentang Pengadilan Anak (UU Pengadilan Anak), karena UU PengadilanAnak dinilai sudah tidak sesuai lagi dengan kebutuhan hukum dalam masyarakat dan belumsecara komprehensif memberikan perlindungan khusus kepada anak yang berhadapan denganhukum. Secara yuridis Undang-Undang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak telah merubah paradigmadalam penanganan Anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum (ABH).
PERSAUDARAAN
Authors: Julmi Rizal
Published: February 2021

Persaudaraan sesama muslim atau biasa di sebut dengan Ukhuwah islamiyah. Peersaudaraan inilah yang mengikat sesama muslim untuk bersatu padu dengan kokoh. Kesatu paduan ini di landasi dengan ajaran Allah Swt. tujuan utama dalam persaudaraan ini adalah untuk saling bekerja sama atau bergotong royong dan saling tolong menolong satu sama lain untuk berbuat kebenaran bukan untuk membuat permusuhan atau melakukan perbuatan mungkar. Dengan saling bekerjasama inilah akan terbentuk ummat atau masyarakat dengan penuh kebajikan, kejujuran, kemakmuran, serta kedamaian.
TMT Characteristics and Organizational Performance in a Regulatory Setting in Kenya
Authors: Oketch Joseph O. , Kilika James M. , Kinyua Godfrey M.
Published: February 2021

Some previous studies in organizational performance have illustrated that top management team (TMT) characteristics have the ability to lead to more practical strategic decisions, better creativity, value adding innovations and to assist organizations to engage with diverse stakeholders that in effect positively impact on organizational performance. The specific objectives of the study were; to determine the effect of top management team demographic characteristics, to examine the effect of top management team psychological characteristics and to assess the effect of top management team cognitive characteristics on organizational performance of the independent regulatory agencies in Kenya. To achieve these objectives, the study adopted descriptive cross-sectional research design. The target population of the study was all the twenty-three independent regulatory agencies currently existing in Kenya. Due to the uniqueness of each independent regulatory agency and the distinct roles played by each top management team member in their organization, the study adopted a census survey of all the top management team members in all the twenty- three independent regulatory agencies in order to capture the required information. Primary data was gathered using structured questionnaire administered through drop and pick later method. Descriptive statistics was then used to summarize the survey data into percentages, frequencies, means and standard deviations. Inferential statistics employed regression analysis to test hypotheses and draw conclusions. The findings of the study showed that there is no significant effect of top management team demographic characteristics on organizational performance. The findings further showed that top management team psychological characteristics significantly affect organizational performance. Lastly, the findings established that top management team cognitive characteristics significantly affect organizational performance. The study recommends that the recruitment process of TMTs should include psychological and cognitive characteristics as requirements apart from the normal demographic characteristics requirements mostly in use.
Essential work of fracture assessment of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) processed via fused filament fabrication additive manufacturing
Authors: Verma Pawan , Ubaid Jabir , Schiffer Andreas , Jain Atul , Pañeda Emilio Martínez , Kumar S
Published: February 2021

Experiments and finite element (FE) calculations were performed to study the raster angle–dependent fracture behaviour of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic processed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing (AM). The fracture properties of 3D-printed ABS were characterized based on the concept of essential work of fracture (EWF), utilizing double-edge-notched tension (DENT) specimens considering rectilinear infill patterns with different raster angles (0°, 90° and + 45/− 45°). The measurements showed that the resistance to fracture initiation of 3D-printed ABS specimens is substantially higher for the printing direction perpendicular to the crack plane (0° raster angle) as compared to that of the samples wherein the printing direction is parallel to the crack (90° raster angle), reporting EWF values of 7.24 kJ m−2 and 3.61 kJ m−2, respectively. A relatively high EWF value was also reported for the specimens with + 45/− 45° raster angle (7.40 kJ m−2). Strain field analysis performed via digital image correlation showed that connected plastic zones existed in the ligaments of the DENT specimens prior to the onset of fracture, and this was corroborated by SEM fractography which showed that fracture proceeded by a ductile mechanism involving void growth and coalescence followed by drawing and ductile tearing of fibrils. It was further shown that the raster angle–dependent strength and fracture properties of 3D-printed ABS can be predicted with an acceptable accuracy by a relatively simple FE model considering the anisotropic elasticity and failure properties of FFF specimens. The findings of this study offer guidelines for fracture-resistant design of AM-enabled thermoplastics.
Children’s Vulnerability to Sexual Violence during COVID-19 in Kenya: Recommendations for the Future
Authors: Stevens Laura , Rockey James , Rockowitz Sarah , Kanja Wangu , Colloff Melissa Fay , Flowe Heather D
Published: February 2021

This article discusses the latest research that reveals that children seem to be facing new risks of sexual violence in Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patterns of sex offending against children coinciding with the implementation of lockdowns, curfews, and school closures may be shifting since the pandemic began. In particular, emerging evidence from Kenya suggests that child victims are younger, more likely to be victimized by a neighbor in a private residence, and in the daytime, compared to pre-pandemic. We conclude that situational crime prevention strategies that focus on providing alternative safe venues to reduce offending opportunities must be a central part of a public health approach to reduce children’s vulnerability during crises such as COVID-19.
Mask-wearing and social distancing: Evidence from a video-observational and natural-experimental study of public space behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Liebst Lasse Suonperä , Ejbye-Ernst Peter , de Bruin Marijn , Thomas Josephine , Lindegaard Marie Rosenkrantz
Published: February 2021

Background: Face masks have been widely employed as a personal protective measure during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, concerns remain that masks create a false sense of security that reduces adherence to other public health measures, including social distancing. Purpose: This paper tested whether mask-wearing was negatively associated with social distancing compliance. Methods: In two studies, we combined video-observational records of public mask-wearing in two Dutch cities with a natural-experimental approach to evaluate the effect of an area-based mask mandate. Results: We found no observational evidence of an association between mask-wearing and social distancing (Study 1: p = .398; Study 2: p = .511), but found a positive link between crowding and social distancing violations (Study 1: p < .001; Study 2: p < .001). Our natural-experimental analysis showed that an area-based mask mandate did not significantly affect social distancing or crowding levels (Study 2: p = .781 and p = .126, respectively). Conclusions: Our results alleviate the concern that mask use reduces social distancing compliance or increases crowding levels. On the other hand, crowding reduction may be a viable strategy to mitigate social distancing violations.
Evaluating FIML And Multiple Imputation In Joint Ordinal-Continuous Measurements Models With Missing Data
Authors: Lim Aaron , Cheung Mike W.-L.
Published: February 2021

Missing data is a common occurrence in confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Much work had evaluated the performance of different techniques when all observed variables were either continuous or ordinal. However, few have investigated these techniques when observed variables are a mix of continuous and ordinal variables. This study investigated the performance of four approaches to handling missing data in these models, a joint ordinal-continuous full information maximum likelihood (FIML) approach and three multiple imputation approaches (fully conditional specification, fully conditional specification with latent variable formulation, and expectation-maximization with bootstrapping) combined with the weighted least squares with mean and variance adjustment (WLSMV) estimator. In a Monte-Carlo simulation, the FIML approach produced unbiased estimations of factor loadings and standard errors in almost all conditions. Fully conditional specification combined with WLSMV was second best, producing accurate estimates when the sample size was large. However, FIML encountered slight non-convergence issues when certain ordinal categories have extremely low frequencies, which is typical of skewed data. If the sample is large, fully conditional specification combined with weighted-least-squares is recommended when the FIML approach is not feasible (e.g., non-convergence, impractical computation durations, variables that predict missingness are not of interest to the analysis).
You see what you look for: perceptual biases induced by targets and distractors in visual search
Authors: Rafiei Mohsen , Chetverikov Andrey , Hansmann-Roth Sabrina , Kristjansson Arni
Published: February 2021

Visual perception is, at any given moment, strongly influenced by its temporal context – what stimuli have recently been perceived and in what surroundings. We have previously shown that to-be-ignored items produce a bias upon subsequent perception that acts in parallel with other biases induced by attended items. However, our previous investigations were confined to biases upon a visual search target's perceived orientation, and it is unclear whether these biases influence perception in a more general sense. Canonical paradigms investigating so-called serial dependence have revealed biases in the perception of items not associated with any particular task. Therefore, we test here whether the biases from visual search targets and distractors affect the perceived orientation of a neutral test line, which is neither a target nor a distractor. To do so, we asked participants to search for an oddly oriented line among distractors and report its location for a few trials and then presented a task-irrelevant test line. Next, participants were asked to report the orientation of the test line. Our results indicate that in tasks involving visual search, targets induce a positive bias upon a neutral test line if their orientations are similar, and distractors also produce a repulsive bias if the test line's orientations and the distractors' average orientation are far apart in feature space. Additionally, our results show that proximity in feature space between previous and current stimuli plays a large role in determining the direction of the perceptual biases.
Sociological contributions for researching morality and cultivating states of moral character
Authors: Walker David Ian
Published: February 2021

There is a tendency for research on morality to focus on the individual, sometimes at the expense of context, using overly individual notions of the person. To some extent this is an understandable consequence of disciplinary focus, and a scientific need to break phenomena down into manageable parts. I will advocate incorporating sociological perspectives for researching morality and cultivating states of moral character. This interdisciplinary approach is informed by a small group of scholars working in the spirit of virtue ethics philosophy while also adopting sociological perspectives. With a special focus on sociological habitus and philosophical hexis, improved treatment of social and contextual factors in morality research and moral education are the suggested applications for these important interdisciplinary advances.
Gang rule: Understanding and Countering Criminal Governance
Authors: Blattman Christopher , Lessing Benjamin , Tobon Santiago , Duncan Gustavo
Published: February 2021

Criminal groups govern millions worldwide. Even in strong states, gangs resolve disputes and provide security. Why do these duopolies of coercion emerge? Often, gangs fill vacuums of official power, suggesting that increasing state presence should crowd out criminal governance. We show, however, that state and gang rule are sometimes complements. In particular, gangs could minimize seizures and arrests by keeping neighborhoods orderly and loyal. If true, increasing state presence could increase incentives for gang rule. In Medellín, Colombia, criminal leaders told us they rule to protect drug rents from police. We test gang responses to state presence using a geographic discontinuity. Internal border changes in 1987 assigned blocks to be closer or further from state security for three decades. Gangs exogenously closer to state presence developed more governance over time. They primarily did so in neighborhoods with the greatest potential drug rents. This suggests new strategies for countering criminal governance.
A Marxist Response to the CEA’s Report “The Opportunity Cost of Socialism”
Authors: McMullen David
Published: February 2021

By setting out the full range of confusion on the subject of socialism, the report by the Council of Economic Advisers (C.E.A.) has provided a good opportunity to both explain and defend the Marxist view on the matter.
Pelatihan pengolahan minyak jelantah menjadi sabun cuci untuk pemberdayaan ibu-ibu PKK di Bandar Lampung
Authors: Handayani Kusuma , Kanedi Mohamad , Farisi Salman , Abdullah S Wawan
Published: February 2021

Minyak jelantah (mijel) is known in Indonesia as waste cooking oil. Even though it is a waste, mijel is still used by consumers for savings. The problem is, if it is used repeatedly more than three times, mijel can cause health problems. In addition to health hazards, if discharged through water channels, it can cause environmental pollution. Lack of public knowledge about the dangers of using the mijel in the end will have a negative impact. To educate the public about the health-risks of using mijel, we held a short training for housewives in Kelurahan Tanjung Agung, Bandar Lampung on July 22, 2020. This training provided the targeted housewives with the knowledge and skills to process the waste cooking oil into laundry soap. The purpose of this activity was to educate and provide training to the community, especially PKK women who interact directly with the use of mijel, about the dangers of mijel and how to manage it. PKK women who participated in the training seemed interested and understood the explanation described, this can be seen from the increase in the average pretest score from 55.7 to 81.3 at posttest. The benefits obtained by the participants are: 1) Understanding that using mijel more than three times can cause health problems for consumers. 2) Processing of waste cooking oil to laundry soap can reduce pollution in the aquatic environment.3) Laundry soap made from waste cooking oil can be a source of family income.
Pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui penerapan teknologi pengawetan dan pengolahan batang sawit untuk bahan baku mebel dekoratif
Authors: Fakhri Fakhri , Malik Alfian , Aldy Pedia , Elianora Elianora , Zulkifli Zulkifli
Published: February 2021

Oil palm trunk is one of the biomass that has not been utilized and becomes waste in the former oil palm replanting location. The application of palm oil processing technology for furniture raw materials can provide solutions to target audiences to be utilized and developed in the future. The aim of the community service activity is to assist the processing of oil palm stems for the production of furniture that has distinctive features and high selling value. The method of implementing the activity is theoretical assistance and direct practice to target audiences regarding palm oil processing technology for decorative furniture products. Achievement measurement tools consist of theoretical understanding and application suitability in the field. The results of these activities can be implemented by various prototypes of furniture products. The partner's knowledge of the wood processing business makes the transfer of science and technology for the use of oil palm trunks easier to implement. Socio-economically for the local community is very beneficial because it can change the perception of the existence of palm oil stems which have been considered as waste into a potential that can be utilized for an economically valuable product.
Desiminasi inovasi dan pengembangan jejaring kemitraan pada kelompok usaha kripik talas untuk membangun desa wisata (Desa Tambakmerang Kecamatan Girimarto Kabupaten Wonogiri)
Authors: Wibowo Agung , Lestari Eny , Rusdiana Eksa
Published: February 2021

Productive economy and creative economy serve as the basis for developing tourist villages. The development of a tourism village needs to pay attention to the local wisdom contained in the location, this aims to show the identity of the tourist village and show its own uniqueness that can be used to differentiate it from tourist villages in other places. The main problem faced by MSME actors in Tambakmerang Village is marketing which can only reach around the area within one sub-district and sub-district nearby. The PKM (Community Partnership Program) team facilitates the introduction of their products by introducing web site technology and social media so that MSME actors can be widely known. Furthermore, the PKM team will also conduct training and mentoring to support online sales. In order to carry out the Community Partnership Program for Taro Chips craftsmen, it is carried out by combining various methods including: socialization and training, mentoring, Optimizing efficient technology transfer, and Optimizing the use of information technology. Technically, there are several activities of this Community Partnership Program, which are as follows: (1) introducing appropriate technology and training; (2) facilitating cooperation between MSME actors in Tambakmerang Village, (2) facilitating web sites and social media to introduce them to the public; (3) developing institutional capacity.
Pemberdayaan kelompok tani tambak garam bulcin mandiri di Desa Bulu Cindea Kecamatan Bungoro Kabupaten Pangkep
Authors: Jalil Abd. Rasyid , Rahmi Rahmi , Nanda Abdul Rakhim , Muhammad Rahmat , Jaya Ilham
Published: February 2021

The development of Bulu Cindea village’s potential, especially salt in Pangkep Regency, needs to be continuously pursued to improve farming community’s economy, especially salt. This service program aims to produce iodized salt consumption by innovating consumption salt equipment to increase salt production and productivity at a low cost and sustainable manner.  Through FGDs and technical guidance on the utilization of low power equipment, by metthos used was following with the salt farmer group’s household electricity capacity.  This service activity will benefits various parties, including village community groups involved in community service, universities, and village government officials.  The target audience for this service activity is the group of salt farmers in Bulu Cindea village.  After this service activity was carried out, there was a change in behaviour through the understanding of the partner group about the better quality of consumption salt. The post-test results showed that the groups understanding of the activity participants reached 82.5%.The need for further community empowerment in building an iodized salt processing industry improves public welfare and health.
Pembuatan pakan alami untuk pengembangan kepiting cangkang lunak di Desa Pulau Cawan Kecamatan Mandah kabupaten Indragiri Hilir
Authors: Sari T. Ersti Yulika , Usman Usman , Asiah Nur
Published: February 2021

Mud crabs are mangrove crabs that are cultivated and harvested when molting so that their shells become soft and easy to consume. The purpose of this activity is to increase people's income in Desa Pulau Cawan, Kecamatan Mandah, Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, through soft shell crab cultivation by introducing environmentally friendly cultivation techniques, but it can produce added value in terms of improving the family's economy through soft-shell crab cultivation, one of which is training in making natural feed. This is based on information from farmers who have never received training on feed manufacturing. Through the foster village program, knowledge and technology are given about techniques for making natural feed from lime water and spinach extract as a substitute for vitamalt which is quite expensive. The methods used in the Community activities of the foster Village are lectures, discussions and direct practice with POKDAKAN, starting with the preparation of spinach extract, trash fish, lime water, mixing and drying. The results of the evaluation of the counseling participants showed that 24 participants had never known about making natural feed from lime water and spinach extract as soka crab feed. After participating in this training activity there was an increase of 86.96% in knowledge about how to make natural feed. The partner's assessment of the implementation of this activity is 52.17% strongly agree that this natural feed can be made independently; 52.17% strongly agree that giving lime water and spinach extract to the artificial feed mixture of trash fish has an effect on the acceleration of the molting process in crabs and does not affect the survival of crabs; 60.87% strongly agreed that it could be an alternative livelihood; strongly agree that the molting process in soft-shell crab cultivation is the same as when the crabs are given a vitamolt, which is 20 days.
Pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat pelaku usaha UMKM di Kelurahan Limbungan Kecamatan Rumbai Pesisir Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Kornita Sri Endang , Basri Syafril , Restu Restu , Isbah Ufira , Desweni Selly Prima
Published: February 2021

The community service activities carried out are Community Economic Empowerment of MSME Entrepreneurs in Limbungan Village, Rumbai Pesisir District, Pekanbaru City. This activity integrated with the implementation of the Student Community Service Program of 2020. The role of the community service team is business management training (financial management, taxation), strategy of business development, and accompaniment for the 19 MSME entrepreneurs in this area that participated. The aims of this community service activity are to improve understanding and implementation of MSME management in a professional, efficient, and effective way, with the result that can manifest independence and well-being of the community to optimize the existing potential. It is also expected that this training will provide an added value for the community development of MSME entrepreneurs’s business. This training can change community behavior into more creative and improve community income in this area. The training methods are a combination between lectures and accompaniment, where participants will obtain material manual books about finance and taxation of MSME. It can be seen that the participants have more understanding about bookkeeping and finance of MSME, taxation, and online marketing after participating in the integrated community service and student community service program of LPPM UNRI.
Teknologi mesin pengering pakaian berbasis limbah tempurung kelapa untuk meningkatkan ekonomi bagi UKM yang bergerak dalam bidang laundry di Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Surbakti Antonius , Muhammad Juandi , Taer Erman , Setiadi Ramondia , Malik Usman
Published: February 2021

The potential of the laundry sector, the entrepreneur community / UKM Laundry in Tampan District, which has very potential business potential. This clearly saves the huge potential of the Laundry / UKM business sector. The clothes drying system, which is carried out through the traditional drying method, has long been practised by Laundry UKM entrepreneurs. In particular, the clothes drying activity has long been a source of livelihood for the Laundry UKM community in Panam District. However, in general, the process of drying clothes through a drying method that relies solely on sunlight is not optimal. The process of drying clothes by laundry entrepreneurs in the Tampan District is still done traditionally, namely drying in the sun. This process takes a long time, it takes 2 to 4 days to dry clothes and it also depends on the presence of sunlight. The drying machine is designed to utilize heat from burning coconut shell waste which functions as a heat collector. So that the drying process can take place quickly, at any time and without depending on the sun. Control of the drying temperature is done by opening and closing the air ducts in the dryer. This dryer consists of a solar collector, biomass burning furnace, and drying room (box). The drying room functions as a place for clothes to be dried. The flow of heat from burning coconut shell waste to the drying chamber. The result of drying clothes is better than traditional drying. The drying technology based on coconut shell waste to dry clothes will be applied in the Laundry UKM community in Tampan District, Pekanbaru which is the livelihood of some UKM in Tampan District, Pekanbaru City
Information, Communication and Mass Media; A Positive Outlook
Authors: Parajuli Pradip
Published: February 2021

Mass media was gifted on the Nepali soil early as one and half century ago. We have no longer history on mass media and journalism as other countries compared to the four and half century long history of world journalism, the history of Nepalese mass media and journalism is undoubtedly a recent phenomenon. The art and science of using information to one's advantage is one of the keys to influence and power in any society. As a matter of fact man alone has the capacity to generate information through new symbols, and to share the meaning of these symbols with fellow men. One may even look with advantage at human history through the information/ communication prism.

It is the history of an ever-increasing capability to create new generated information and shares it with others to their mutual advantage to ward off danger, to inform about the new opportunities, etc. In brief, information/ communication are the key to organized human life.