bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMOTIONAL AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS AMONG SAUDI CHILDREN WITH ATOPIC DERMATITIS
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, Tabuk City., A. Al Bishi Laila , M. Alanazi Abeer ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, Tabuk City., A. Alwabisi Shouq ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, Tabuk City., S. Hazazi Ahlam ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, Tabuk City., A. Alenzi Sarah ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, Tabuk City., A. Alessa Rawiyah ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, Tabuk City., B. Aljohani Khalid ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, Tabuk City., B. Alotaibi Shatha ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, Tabuk City., M. Alfuhaymani Asmaa ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, Tabuk City., A. Qaysi Amal ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, Tabuk City.
Published: March 2023

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions in children. It is a global public health concern because of its burden on the health systems. The disease is usually associated with comorbidities including psychosocial and behavioural problems. Objectives: To explore the emotional symptoms and peer relationship problems, hyperactivity/inattention, and prosocial behaviour among Saudi children with atopic dermatitis Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during November 2022 through an onlinesurvey using the short form of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Parents of Saudi children from all over Saudi Arabia were recruited. Non-Saudi participants, subjects who refused to participate, and those with incomplete data were excluded. Results:During the past 12 months, 44.1% of children had eczema/skin allergy. Overall, 44.0% of atopic children had an abnormal Strengths and Difficulties Questionnairecategorization. The emotional problems subscale represent 36.0% while the prosocial subscales was 24.0%. Mental impairment was significantly associated with higher number of children in the family (p = 0.019), parental smoking (p = 0.038), as well as history of asthma (p = 0.004),deficit- hyperactivity disorder (p <0.001), and autism (p = 0.002). Conclusion:Our studysupports the existing literature on the presence of associations between AD and mental health disorders in children. High number of children in the family, parent smoking, history of asthma, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and autism were predictors of mental health impairment. There is a need to screen patients for mental health impairment to ensure better outcome.
Short–long-term streamflow forecasting using a coupled wavelet transform–artificial neural network (WT–ANN) model at the Gilgit River Basin, Pakistan
Authors: Syed Zain , Mahmood Prince , Haider Sajjad , Ahmad Shakil , Jadoon Khan Zaib , Farooq Rashid , Syed Sibtain , Ahmad Khalil
Published: March 2023

Streamflow forecasting is highly crucial in the domain of water resources. For this study, we coupled the Wavelet Transform (WT) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to forecast Gilgit streamflow at short-term (T0.33 and T0.66), intermediate-term (T1), and long-term (T2, T4, and T8) monthly intervals. Streamflow forecasts are uncertain due to stochastic disturbances caused by variations in snow-melting routines and local orography. To remedy this situation, decomposition by WT was undertaken to enhance the associative relation between the input and target sets for ANN to process. For ANN modeling, cross-correlation was used to guide input selection. Corresponding to six intervals, nine configurations were developed. Short-term intervals performed best, especially for T0.33; intermediate intervals showed decreasing performance. However, interestingly, performance regains back to a decent level for long-term forecasting. Almost all the models underestimate high flows and slightly overestimate low- to intermediate-flow conditions. At last, inference implicitly implies that shorter forecasting benefits from extrapolated trends, while the good results of long-term forecasting is associated to a larger recurrent pattern of the Gilgit River. In this way, weak performance for intermediate forecasting could be attributed to the insufficient ability of the model to capture either one of these patterns.
Hydrological response to climate change in the Deme watershed, Omo-Gibe Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Daniel Habtamu
Published: March 2023

Climate change is believed to have led to changes in global patterns. This study evaluated the hydrological responses to climate change in the Deme watershed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for two consecutive periods of 2031–2050 and 2051–2070. Climate variables were downscaled from RACMO22T, under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios from CORDEX-Africa. Distribution mapping and variance scaling methods were used for bias correction of precipitation and temperatures, respectively, and for further analysis. The SWAT model was calibrated (and validated) for the 1989–2000 (2001–2010) period, and the hydrological model showed a reasonably good agreement. The result shows that the rainfall and streamflow show a decreasing signal in the wet season. The maximum projected change in annual temperature, PET, and ET was 2.15 °C, 10.89, and 9.24%, respectively, in the far future period under the RCP8.5 scenario. These incremental changes have an impact on declining annual rainfall and streamflow up to 27.6 and 26.2%, respectively, under the RCP8.5 scenario in 2031–2050. The subsequent results were the maximum decline of surface runoff by 15.10%, groundwater by 14.78%, and total water yield by 26.10% in 2031–2050 under the RCP8.5 scenario. Thus, the concerned body integrates its duties with climate change.
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E3 Deficiency - Heterozygous Mutation in
Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase (DLD) Gene Associated with Symptomatic
Hypoglycaemia. A Case Report
Authors: Veeraiah Prashanth S. , Kumar Vikram S. , Dhananjaya S R. , Khalid Sajna , Gowda Shivaraj
Published: March 2023

Background:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency (PDCD) is a mitochondrial disorder that presents with lactic acidemia and neurological manifestations. It is a very rare genetic disorder, a potentially life-threatening one with the usual presentation of hypotonia, lethargy, and developmental delay. It is commonly associated with structural brain abnormalities. We report a very rare case of transient severe symptomatic hypoglycaemia probably due to pyruvate dehydrogenase E3 deficiency; a component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC).

Case Presentation:

Our patient is a 12-day-old neonate with lethargy, and vomiting presented with severe symptomatic hypoglycaemia with a critical sample suggestive of hyperinsulinism and raised lactate levels. A TMS-GCMS for metabolic abnormality screening was normal, however, a whole genome sequencing(nuclear + mitochondrial) revealed heterozygous missense variants (c.763A>C) in exon 9 of the DLD gene that results in the amino acid substitution from Methionine to Leucine at codon 255 (p.Met255Leu) and another heterozygous mutation of heterozygous missense variant (c.5277A>T) in exon 34 of the LAMB1 gene that results in the amino acid substitution from Glutamine to Histidine at codon 1759 (p.Gln1759His).

Conclusion:

There is no effective treatment for PDCD but reports of treatment with supplements like thiamine, biotin, and coenzyme Q may play a role in preventing the severity of the disease.
Sini Decoction Inhibits Tumor Progression and Enhances the Anti-Tumor Immune Response in a Murine Model of Colon Cancer
Authors: Chen Jiabin , Zheng Xiaoxiao , Xu Guoshu , Wang Baoming , Hu Liqiang , Mao Jiayan , Lu Xuemei , Cai Ying , Chai Kequn , Chen Wei
Published: March 2023

Background::

Sini decoction (SND) is a widely used Traditional Chinese Medicine
(TCM). The reports of SND application in colorectal cancer (CRC) is limited.

Objective::

The objective of this study is to investigate the anti-tumor activity of SND in the treatmeant
of CRC.

Methods::

SND was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. A CRC metastasis
model was established using murine CT-26 cells. Whole-body fluorescence imaging was used to
observe CRC liver metastasis. Liver morphology was determined using hematoxylin-eosin staining.
Cytokine mRNA expression (interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-gamma
(IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-β)) were determined using real-time reverse transcription
polymerase chain reaction. Spectral flow cytometry was used to detect mouse tumor immune
subgroups. Databases were used to find potential target genes of SND. Gene Ontology and
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used to identify potential signaling pathways of
target genes.

Results::

SND suppressed CRC liver metastasis and alleviated liver injury in vivo. After SND
treatment, IL-2 and IFN-γ were upregulated, whereas IL-10 and TGF-β were downregulated.
Moreover, CD3+, CD8+T cells, natural killer T cells, and macrophages increased significantly after
SND treatment, while CD4+CD25+T cells decreased significantly. Importantly, increasing the aconite
concentration had a better anti-tumor effect. Fifty-50 compounds in SND were screened, and
611 potential target genes were identified. Functional analyses showed that the genes were associated
with the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, and HIF-1
signaling pathway.

Conclusion::

SND exerts anti-tumor activity by inhibiting tumor progression and enhancing antitumor
immunity in mice, suggesting its application to prevent and treat CRC.
Neuroprotective Potential of Hesperidin as Therapeutic Agent in
the Treatment of Brain Disorders: Preclinical Evidence-based
Review
Authors: Bansal Keshav , Singh Vanshita , Singh Sakshi , Mishra Samiksha
Published: March 2023

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are progressive morbidities that represent
a serious health issue in the aging world population. There is a contemporary
upsurge in worldwide interest in the area of traditional remedies and phytomedicines
are widely accepted by researchers due to their health-promoted effects and fewer
side effects. Hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside present in the peels of citrus fruits,
possesses various biological activities including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions.
In various preclinical studies, hesperidin has provided significant protective actions
in a variety of brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, Parkinson’s
disease, multiple sclerosis, depression, neuropathic pain, etc. as well as their underlying
mechanisms. The findings indicate that the neuroprotective effects of hesperidin
are mediated by modulating antioxidant defence activities and neural growth factors,
diminishing apoptotic and neuro-inflammatory pathways. This review focuses on
the potential role of hesperidin in managing and treating diverse brain disorders.
Interactions of Cyclodextrins and their Hydroxyl Derivatives with
Etodolac: Solubility and Dissolution Enhancement
Authors: Mustafa Wesam W. , Khoder Mouhamad , Abdelkader Hamdy , Singer Richard , Alany Raid G.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Poor solubility and dissolution rate of drugs are largely responsible for erratic
drug absorption and limited oral bioavailability. Etodolac (ETO) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drug (NSAID) that is classified as BCS class II (dissolution rate-dependent absorption). ETO has high
safety and efficacy in pain relief and control of inflammation. ETO is commercially available as (400-
600 mg) tablets; poor solubility and dissolution rate of ETO could result in variable oral absorption and
inconsistent analgesic responses. The aim of this study was to improve solubility and dissolution rates
of ETO by complexation with cyclodextrins (CDs).

Methods:

Four different CDs namely β-, γ-, HP β-CDs, and HP γ-CDs were prepared using three different
methods; solvent evaporation (CO), freeze-drying (FD), and physical mixing (PM). The prepared
drug: excipient mixtures were investigated for aqueous solubility, as well as via DSC, XRD, FTIR,
SEM, dissolution, and docking.

Results:

The results revealed a solubility phase diagram of the AL type, indicating a 1:1 complexation of
ETO: CD. These results agreed with our molecular docking calculations. DSC, FTIR, XRD, and SEM
results confirmed the formation of an inclusion complex. The complexation efficiency, solubility, and
dissolution enhancement were in the order of HPγ-CD > γ-CD > HPβ-CD > β-CD. FD method was
superior to both CO and PM.

Conclusion:

Superior dissolution enhancements of ETO were recorded for the FD mixture (up to 90%
dissolved in less than 10 min). In conclusion, γ- and hydroxypropyl γ-derivative of cyclodextrins can be
considered a promising excipient for enhancement of dissolution rates concerned for ETO.
Neuroprotective Cognitive Effects of Nose-to-brain Delivered Linagliptin
Loaded Polymeric Nanosuspension in Animal Model
Authors: Joshi Deepika , Kumar Bhavna , Singhal Manmohan , Bhargava Samir , Ankur Kaul
Published: March 2023

Objective:

Insulin resistance is a common link between diabetes mellitus (DM) and dementia.
The current work emphasizes the effect of linagliptin on dementia with its neuroprotective effects, which
occur directly at the neuronal level, as GLP-1 receptors are exclusively expressed in neurons.

Methods:

The objective of the study was to formulate linagliptin-loaded polymeric nanosuspension (LS)
by nanoprecipitation method and further study their pharmaceutical, pharmacodynamics, scintigraphic,
and neuroprotective effects following nose-to-brain delivery in the rat model of dementia.

Results:

Developed LS were spherical with z-average (250.7 nm), charge (-16.3 mV), % entrapment efficiency
(95.8 ± 1.45%), and % drug loading (35.78 ± 0.19%). In vitro dissolution rate (88.56 ± 1.24%) and
ex vivo permeation (81.59 ± 1.06%) of LS showed a better-sustained release profile than pure linagliptin.
The spatial learning/memory in the treated group of Sprague-Dawley rats were significantly improved
compared with those in the control group.

Conclusion:

Histopathological study of LS produced no toxicity or structural damage to the nasal mucosa.
Optimum pharmaceutical characterization results improved pharmacodynamic studies/ histopathological
data, and gamma-scintigraphic images proved that polymeric nanosuspensions stand out as wellappreciated
approaches to deliver linagliptin more efficiently to the brain via intranasal route, thereby
enhancing the neuroprotective efficacy in dementia.
Maturity-onset Diabetes of the Young Type 7 (MODY7) and the Krüppellike
Factor 11 Mutation (KLF11). A Review
Authors: Mancera-Rincón Pedro , Luna-España Maria Camila , Rincon Oswaldo , Guzmán Issac , Alvarez Mauricio
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a rare disease due to a
single gene mutation that affects several family members in most cases. The Krüppel-like factor 11
(KLF11) gene mutation is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity to high glucose levels. KLF
11 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MODY type 7 but given its low prevalence, prolonged
subclinical period, and the emergence of new information, doubts are raised about its association.

Methods:

A literature search of the PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO databases was performed. The
terms “Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics”, “Mason-Type Diabetes” , “Maturity-Onset diabetes of
the young”, “KLF11 protein, human”, and “Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young, Type 7” were
used”., “Diagnosis” The search selection was not standardized.

Results:

The KLF1 mutation is rare and represents <1% of the mutations associated with monogenic
diabetes. Its isolation in European family lines in the first studies and the emergence of new
variants pose new diagnostic challenges. This article reviews the definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology,
diagnosis, and treatment of MODY type 7.

Conclusion:

MODY type 7 diabetes represents a rare form of monogenic diabetes with incomplete
penetrance. Given its rarity, its association with impaired glucose metabolism has been questioned.
Strict evaluation of glycemic control and the appearance of microvascular complications are key
areas in the follow-up of patients diagnosed with MODY 7. More studies will be required to characterize
the population with KLF11 mutation and clarify its correlation with MODY.
Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Youth: Current Scenario
Authors: Wal Pranay , Wal Ankita , Gupta Divyanshi , Pandey Shiv Shankar , Sharma Preeti , Rai Awani Kumar
Published: March 2023

Background:

A detailed study on vitamin D status in India has revealed a significant
frequency of vitamin D insufficiency among people. People's hectic schedules cause various deficits
in their bodies since they are not exposed to enough sunshine, which results in inadequate
vitamin D intake over time, diminished sunshine exposure, the kidney's failure to convert
25(OH)D to its active form, or insufficient vitamin D absorption through the digestive system.

Objective:

The study aimed to explore the role of vitamin D in young adults and explain some of
the vital roles of vitamin D in human bodies, as well as display the prevalence of vitamin D in
India along with its pathophysiology, metabolism, and several mechanisms of action.

Methods:

We have searched several research and review articles in English on Medline, Scopus,
Pubmed, NCBI data, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library of systematic review databases
from 2000 to 2022.

Results:

According to a comprehensive study, our bodies require vitamin D for bone formation
and maintenance. It is also important for controlling a variety of other cellular functions in the
body.

Conclusion:

The importance of vitamin D and the repercussions of its insufficiency must be
made known to the general population and healthcare practitioners. On average, our Indian cuisine
falls short of a normal adult's daily vitamin D need. This emphasises the importance of vitamin
D fortification in diverse foods through governmental initiatives. This silent pandemic has
to be tackled with strong public health measures.
Galectin-3 and HFpEF: Clarifying an Emerging Relationship
Authors: Rhodenhiser Emmajane , Baccouche Basil M.
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

HFpEF is one of the leading causes of death whose burden is estimated to
expand in the coming decades. This paper examines the relationship between circulating levels of
galectin-3, an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and the clinical diagnosis of HFpEF.

Methods:

The authors reviewed peer-reviewed literature and 18 studies met the inclusion criteria.
Study characteristics, study outcome definitions, assay characteristics, main findings, and measures
of association were tabulated and summarized.

Results:

Five studies found significant associations between galectin-3 and HFpEF diagnosis compared
to healthy controls, and one did not. Five studies found significant associations between galectin-
3 concentration in circulation and severity of diastolic dysfunction. Three studies found a
statistically significant association between circulating galectin-3 and all-cause mortality or rehospitalization.
Two studies found levels of circulating galectin-3 to be a statistically significant
predictor of later HFpEF onset. Finally, two studies examined whether galectin-3 was associated
with incident HFpEF, one found a significant association and the other did not.

Conclusion:

Given the paucity of effective therapeutics for HFpEF, galectin-3 shows promise as a
possible HFpEF-linked biomarker that may, with further study, inform and predict treatment
course to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Patient Radiation Doses assessment at Diagnostic X-rays Department of King
Khalid hospital (KKH)-Majmaah
Authors: Saeed Mohammed Khalil , Abdallah Yousif , Suilman Abdelmonen , Omer Mohamed , Ahmed Ali Sid
Published: March 2023

Background:

The study was conducted on patients who received diagnostic X-rays in King Khalid Hospital (KKH), Majmaah.

Introduction:

The study included the seven most frequently performed investigations, which were carried out on over 1504 patients using digital radiography equipment.

Methods:

The X-ray tube's output and exposure parameters were used to calculate the effective dose (ED) and patient entry surface air kerma (ESAK). Additionally, based on these results, conversion coefficients were determined. This study also examined the 75th percentile distributions of ESAK and KAP. The findings of this research were compared with the findings of other researchers throughout the country and the world. The study presents the uncertainty U values, as well as the mean ESAK, KAP, and ED values.

Results:

The results of the ESAK, KAP, and ED values were 0.12-5.74 mGy, 0.9-1.84 Gy cm2, and 0.01-0.23 mSv, respectively. As a result, the dosages were much lower than those previously published for the European DRL, national standards, and other studies.

Conclusion:

The study concludes that during dose surveys, the importance of detecting and comprehending radiation doses, as well as the proper technique for taking the finest photos possible, can be emphasized to patients in order to assist them in avoiding radioactive particles and radiation exposure.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Foetal Congenital Toxoplasma
Encephalitis: A Case Report
Authors: Lin Min-Jie , Lin Jian , Zheng Ke
Published: March 2023

Background:

Toxoplasma gondii infection is not uncommon in daily life; primary infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) acquired during gestation may lead to a series of fetal complications. Prenatal ultrasound and postpartum neonatal T. gondii encephalitis have been reported previously, but fetal MRI findings of T. gondii encephalitis are quite rare. It is important to identify the severity of cerebral damage and assess fetal prognosis.

Objective:

The purpose of this report is to emphasize that MRI can provide more excellent anatomic information on abnormalities in cerebral parenchyma than ultrasound, which is helpful for the diagnosis of prenatal infectious encephalitis.

Case Presentation:

A 38-year-old woman presented to our hospital at a gestation age of 29 weeks due to an ultrasound that showed fetal ventriculomegaly. The fetus demonstrated ventriculomegaly, intrauterine growth restriction, and multiple cystic lesions close to the corticomedullary junction of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes on both sides. The woman chose to terminate the pregnancy, and pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasma encephalitis.

Conclusion:

This is a rare report of MRI manifestations of fetal congenital toxoplasma encephalitis. Detailed knowledge of MRI findings in fetal congenital toxoplasma encephalitis is helpful for prenatal consultation and pregnancy management.
Pseudoaneurysm of a Lumbal Artery: CT-guided Treatment with Nonadhesive
Liquid Embolic Agent
Authors: Deniz Sinan , Seidensticker Max
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

A 65-year-old patient presented with subtle lumbalgia twenty days following his failed endovascular retrograde recanalization of the right iliac artery, followed by a surgical femoral-femoral left-to-right by-pass graft.

Case Presentation:

Computer tomography angiography (CTA) revealed a left-sided 18 mm large pseudoaneurysm (PA) at the level of L5 lumbar vertebrae adjacent to the aorta. This lumbal artery originated from the false lumen of the known chronic infrarenal aortic dissection. Within a single session, the pseudoaneurysm was treated by percutaneous nonadhesive liquid embolic agent (NALEA - Onyx 34) embolization under CT-fluoroscopy guidance. Follow-up imaging showed complete occlusion of the PA.

Conclusion:

This case shows the first usage of Onyx as a liquid embolic agent for this complication.
Synthesis and in-silico Studies of 4-phenyl thiazol-2-amine Derivatives as
Putative Anti-breast Cancer Agents
Authors: Lavanya Kanamarlapudi Joshna , Kaur Kamalpreet , Jaitak Vikas
Published: March 2023

Background:

Breast cancer (BC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related fatalities
in women after lung cancer worldwide. The development of BC is significantly influenced by estrogen
receptors (ERs). The problem with current cancer treatments is selectivity, target specificity,
cytotoxicity, and developing resistance. Thiazole scaffolds are gaining popularity in drug discovery
due to their broad range of biological activity. It has the extraordinary capacity to control a
variety of cellular pathways, and its potential for selective anticancer activity can be explored.

Objectives:

Synthesis and in-silico studies of 4-Phenyl thiazol-2-amine derivatives as anti-breast
cancer agents and molecular docking was used to assess the compounds’ capacity to bind ER-α
protein target.

Methods:

In this study, 4-Phenylthiazol-2-amine derivatives (3a-j) have been synthesized, and
using Schrodinger software, molecular docking and ADME studies of the compounds were conducted.

Results:

Most of the synthesized compounds have shown dock scores ranging from -6.658 to -
8.911 kcal/mol, which is better than the standard drug tamoxifen (-6.821 kcal/mol). According to
molecular docking, all compounds fit in the protein’s active site and have the same hydrophobic
pocket as the standard drug tamoxifen. Further, all of the compounds’ ADME properties are below
acceptable limits.

Conclusion:

Compound 3e showed the best docking score of -8.911. All compounds’ ADME
properties are within acceptable limits, and their p/o coefficients fall within a range, suggesting
they will all have sufficient absorption at the site of action. These compounds can be evaluated invitro
and in-vivo in the future.
Robust Computational Model for Diagnosis of Mitogenic Activated Protein
Kinase Leading to Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Jain Shruti , Salau Ayodeji Olalekan
Published: March 2023

Background:

Computational modeling is used to develop solutions by formulating and
modeling real-world problems. This research article presents an innovative approach to using a
computational model, as well as an evaluation of software interfaces for usability.

Methods:

In this work, a machine learning technique is used to classify different mitogenic activated
protein kinases (MAPK), namely extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun amino (N)-
terminal kinases (JNK), and mitogenic kinase (MK2) proteins. A deficiency of ERK and JNK leads
to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and prion
diseases, while the deficiency of MK2 leads to atherosclerosis. In this study, images from a heat
map were normalized, scaled, smoothed, and sharpened. Different feature extraction methods have
been used for various attributes, while principal component analysis was used as a feature selection
technique. These features were extracted with machine learning algorithms to produce promising
results for clinical applications.

Results:

The results show that ANN achieves 97.09%, 96.82%, and 96.01% accuracy for JNK,
ERK, and MK2 proteins, respectively, whereas CNN achieves 97.60%, 97.36%, and 96.81% accuracy
for the same proteins. When CNN is used, the best results are obtained for JNK protein, with a
training accuracy of 97.06% and a testing accuracy of 97.6%.

Conclusion:

The proposed computational model is validated using a convolution neural network
(CNN). The effect of the hidden layer on different activation functions has been then observed using
ANN and CNN. The proposed model may assist in the detection of various MAPK proteins,
yielding promising results for clinical diagnostic applications.
NAD+ Consuming Enzymes: Involvement in Therapies and Prevention of Human
Diseases
Authors: Masutani Mitsuko , Miwa Masanao , Poltronieri Palmiro
Published: March 2023

Neuroprotection is one of the hot topics in medicine. Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,
retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) degeneration, and axonal degeneration have been studied for the involvement of NAD
depletion. Localized NAD+ depletion could lead to overactivation and crowding of local NAD+ salvage pathways. It
has been stated that NAD+ depletion caused by PARPs and PAR cycling has been related to metabolic diseases and
cancer. Additionally, it is now acknowledged that SARM1 dependent NAD+ depletion causes axon degeneration. New
targeted therapeutics, such as SARM1 inhibitors, and NAD+ salvage drugs will help alleviate the dysfunctions affecting
cell life and death in neurodegeneration as well as in metabolic diseases and cancer.
Effects of Vortioxetine on Cognition and Fatigue in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Depression: A Case Series Study
Authors: Gil-Sanchez Anna , Canudes Marc , Valcheva Petya , Nogueras Lara , González-Mingot Cristina , Hervás José Vicente , Peralta Silvia , Solana Maria , Brieva Luis
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Vortioxetine is a multimodal antidepressant drug that has been reported to
have a positive impact on cognition, social function, and fatigue. Nevertheless, it has not been widely
studied. Our objective was to explore the effects of vortioxetine on these and other parameters in patients
with multiple sclerosis (MS) and depression.

Patients and Methodology:

This observational case series study included patients with MS and depression
who received treatment with vortioxetine for at least 6 months. The patient history of depression
and depressive symptoms was assessed. A neuropsychiatric evaluation was carried out using different
scales, both before and after treatment.

Results:

Of the 25 patients who enrolled in the study, 17 completed the treatment. Significant improvements
were observed in health status (EQ-5D; p = 0.002), mood (Beck’s Depression Inventory,
BDI-II; p = 0.006), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI-State; p = 0.021, and STAI-Trait;
p = 0.011), and in the general health test (Short Form Health Survey, SF-36) for the vitality (p =
0.028) and mental health (p = 0.025) domains of the patients who completed the treatment. However,
no statistically significant differences were observed in the cognitive tests related to attention, information
processing speed, or fatigue.

Conclusion:

In this population, vortioxetine treatment was effective in reducing the symptoms of depression
and improving anxiety, vitality, and mental health. In contrast, it did not produce any improvement
in cognition or fatigue but an increase in sample size would be necessary to confirm these results.
Bell Palsy: Facts and Current Research Perspectives
Authors: Rajangam Jayaraman , Lakshmanan Arun Prasath , Rao K. Umamaheswara , Jayashree D. , Radhakrishnan Rajan , Roshitha B. , Sivanandy Palanisamy , Sravani M. Jyothi , Pravalika K. Hanna
Published: March 2023

Bell palsy is a non-progressive neurological condition characterized by the acute onset of
ipsilateral seventh cranial nerve paralysis. People who suffer from this type of facial paralysis develop
a droop on one side of their face, or sometimes both. This condition is distinguished by a sudden onset
of facial paralysis accompanied by clinical features such as mild fever, postauricular pain, dysgeusia,
hyperacusis, facial changes, and drooling or dry eyes. Epidemiological evidence suggests that 15 to 23
people per 100,000 are affected each year, with a recurrence rate of 12%. It could be caused by ischaemic
compression of the seventh cranial nerve, which could be caused by viral inflammation.
Pregnant women, people with diabetes, and people with respiratory infections are more likely to have
facial paralysis than the general population. Immune, viral, and ischemic pathways are all thought to
play a role in the development of Bell paralysis, but the exact cause is unknown. However, there is evidence
that Bell's hereditary proclivity to cause paralysis is a public health issue that has a greater impact
on patients and their families. Delay or untreated Bell paralysis may contribute to an increased
risk of facial impairment, as well as a negative impact on the patient's quality of life. For management,
antiviral agents such as acyclovir and valacyclovir, and steroid treatment are recommended. Thus, early
diagnosis accompanied by treatment of the uncertain etiology of the disorder is crucial. This paper
reviews mechanistic approaches, and emerging medical perspectives on recent developments that encounter
Bell palsy disorder.
Impact of Vitamin D3 on Carbonyl-Oxidative Stress and Matrix Metalloproteinases
after Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats with Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lievykh Anton , Zhyliuk Volodymyr , Ushakova Galyna , Tkachenko Victoriia , Kovalchuk Yuliia , Dovban Olena , Kharchenko Yuliia , Shevtsova Alla
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Diabetes mellitus is associated with the development of carbonyl-oxidative stress (COS) and an increased risk of a cerebral hemorrhage. Vitamin D3 is considered an additional drug to have an impact on COS and proteolysis in the extracellular matrix.

Objective:

The study aimed to evaluate the impact of D3 on the COS-markers and matrix metallo-proteinases MMP2/MMP9 activity after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats with experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus (Т2DM) compared to metformin (Met).

Methods:

T2DM was induced in rats via the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA), ICH – by microinjection of bacterial collagenase into the striatum. Rats were randomized into five groups: 1 – intact animals (n = 8), 2 – T2DM (n = 9); 3 – T2DM+ICH (n = 7); 4 – T2DM+ICH+Met (n = 7); 5 – T2DM+ICH+D3 (n = 7). Blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were assessed using commercial kits. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), protein carbonyls (PC370/430), and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) were measured by spectrophotometry, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) by quantitative fluorescence, and matrix metalloproteinases MMP2/9 by gelatin zymography.

Results:

D3 does not significantly affect the glucose level and OGTT in rats with T2DM+ICH. How-ever, it reduces AOPP, PC, and AGEs, thus reducing the COS index. In contrast, the activity of proMMP9 increases after D3 administration. These effects of D3 have been reported to be stronger and sometimes opposite to those of metformin.

Conclusion:

D3 supplementation may decrease the negative consequences of a cerebral hemorrhage in T2DM by reducing COS and preventing the accumulation of COS-modified proteins in the brain by regulating the expression and activity of MMP9.
In vitro Pretreatment with Zinc Alleviates the Adverse Effects of Tetrahydrocannabinol
on Cultured Mouse Sertoli Cells: Role of Anti-apoptotic and
Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Ahmadi Kimia , Asgharzadeh Fatemeh , Mohammadpour-Asl Shadi , Ayari Fatemeh , Rahbar Fatemeh , Motazakker Morteza , Roshan-Milani Shiva , Abdollahzade Fard Amin
Published: March 2023

Background:

Global rise in cannabis abuse during reproductive years has placed a large number of men at risk for the adverse consequences of δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the pri-mary active component of cannabis. It has been reported that THC affects male fertility and causes testicular cell dysfunction and apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective role of zinc pretreatment against the toxic effects of THC in cultured mouse Sertoli cells and the underlying mechanism.

Methods:

The Mus Musculus Sertoli cell line (TM4) was cultured, exposed to THC alone (470 μM, 24 h), co-administered with zinc (8 μM, 48 h), and investigated in three groups: control, THC, and THC + zinc. The MTT was performed to evaluate cell viability. TUNEL assay was also applied for the detection of cell apoptosis and a western blot was performed for measuring protein expression levels of Caspase3, Pro-caspase3, SOD, and PDGF-A.

Results:

THC significantly decreased cell viability (p < 0.001) and expression levels of SOD, PDGF-A, and pro-caspase3 proteins (p < 0.05 for all), whereas increased Sertoli cells apoptosis (p < 0.001) and expression level of cleaved caspase3 protein (p < 0.001). Pretreatment with zinc reversed THC-induced apoptotic and oxidative effects and reduced cleaved caspase3/pro-caspase3 ratio but could not reverse THC-induced reduction of PDGF-A expression level in TM4 cells.

Conclusion:

The present data suggest that THC induces Sertoli cell damage through a multitarget mechanism. Zinc was reported to protect against THC-induced Sertoli cell damage due to its anti-apoptotic and antioxidant activities, indicating its clinical importance against THC-induced testic-ular toxicity among addicted men.
Nano Lipid Carriers as a Promising Drug Delivery Carrier for
Neurodegenerative Disorders - An Overview of Recent Advances
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Nair Sreeja C.
Published: March 2023

The last few decades have seen a rise in the number of deaths caused by neurological
disorders. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is very complex and has multiple
mechanisms, makes drug delivery to the brain challenging for many scientists. Lipid nanoparticles
(LNPs) such as nanoemulsions, solid-lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, and nano lipid
carriers (NLCs) exhibit enhanced bioavailability and flexibility among these nanocarriers.
NLCs are found to be very effective. In the last few decades, they have been a center
of attraction for controlled drug delivery. According to the current global status of specific
neurological disorders, out of all LNPs, NLC significantly reduces the cross-permeability
of drugs through the BBB due to their peculiar properties. They offer a host of advantages
over other carriers because of their biocompatibility, safety, non-toxicity, non-irritating behavior,
stability, high encapsulation efficiency, high drug loading, high drug targeting, control
of drug release, and ease in manufacturing. The biocompatible lipid matrix is ideally
suited as a drug carrier system due to the nano-size range. For certain neurological conditions
such as Parkinsonism, Alzheimer’s, Epilepsy, Multiple sclerosis, and Brain cancer,
we examined recent advances in NLCs to improve brain targeting of bioactive with special
attention to formulation aspects and pharmacokinetic characteristics. This article also provides
a brief overview of a critical approach for brain targeting, i.e., direct nose-to-brain
drug delivery and some recent patents published on NLC”.
A Novel Tumor Hypoxia Imaging Agent: [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-CPA-2-NIM
Authors: Lin Xiao , Tan Xiaojie , Wu Fengyu , Yu Qian
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Hypoxia imaging agents can selectively remain in hypoxic tissue, which
can directly reflect the location and degree of hypoxia.

Methods:

Synthesized a novel tumor hypoxia imaging probe [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-CPA-2-NIM and
evaluated its biological behavior with the purpose to assess its possibility of becoming a qualified
tumor hypoxia imaging agent.

Results:

Radiochemcial purity of [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-CPA-2-NIM was greater than 95% after HPLC
purification. Lipophilicity coefficient of this complex was -1.74 ± 0.10 (n = 5, number of experiments),
indicating it was a hydrophilic complex. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that this
complex has selectivity for hypoxia at oxygen concentrations < 10 ppm (parts per million). Biodistribution
experiment in S180 tumor bearing mice showed that tumor uptake reached its highest
at 2 h post-injection with mice tumor-to-muscle ratio.

Conclusions:

Complex [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-CPA-2-NIM has the possibility of becoming a tumor hypoxia
imaging agent.
In-situ Photo-deposition of Nd-modified Hexahydroxy Strontium Stannate
Nanorods with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Sun Zizhan , Wang Xiaoyu , Xue Zeyang , Cai Zhengyu , Fan Chuangang , Pei Lizhai
Published: March 2023

Background::

Metal surface modification of the photocatalysts is effective for enhancing the
photocatalytic properties of the semiconductor photocatalysts. Nd can be used as the modified metal
for the enhancement of catalytic performance of the strontium tin hydroxide (SrSn(OH)6) nanorods
due to expanding the light absorption range and reducing the recombination of the photo-generated
electrons and holes.

Objective::

The aim of the research is to synthesize Nd-modified SrSn(OH)6 nanorods and investigate
the enhanced photocatalytic performance for crystal violet degradation.

Methods::

Nd modified SrSn(OH)6 nanorods were prepared via a facile one-step in-situ photodeposition
route. The obtained nanorods were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy,
high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, solid
diffuse reflectance spectra, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

Results::

Nd attached to the surface of nanorods. The band gap of the Nd-modified SrSn(OH)6 nanorods
was reduced due to Nd modification at the surface of nanorods. The Nd-modified SrSn(OH)6 nanorods
showed enhanced photocatalytic properties for crystal violet (CV) degradation under ultraviolet
(UV) light irradiation than the SrSn(OH)6 nanorods. Nd modified SrSn(OH)6 nanorods have lower
charge transfer resistance and more efficient charge separation ability, thus hindering the recombination
of the electrons and holes (e−/h+) pairs. Scavenger experiments reported that the holes, superoxide,
and hydroxyl radicals are the main reactive species during the photocatalytic reaction. The Ndmodified
SrSn(OH)6 nanorods were found to be recoverable and reusable for CV degradation.

Conclusion::

The Nd modified SrSn(OH)6 nanorods showed enhanced photocatalytic performance towards
crystal violet than un-modified nanorods.
The Co-catalyst Effects of Mn(II), Zn(II), and Cr(III) Chlorides on Acidic
Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Synthesis of Value-added Products from Cellulose
in Aqueous Ethanol
Authors: Amarasekara Ananda Sarath , Wiredu Bernard , Animashaun Moriam
Published: March 2023

Background:

Catalytic depolymerization and processing of cellulose can be used to produce
value-added renewable feedstock chemicals.

Objective:

This study aimed to develop an acidic ionic liquid-metal ion chloride catalyst system-based
single-reactor method for processing cellulose into value-added products.

Methods:

The effect of metal chlorides as co-catalysts on 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium
chloride acidic ionic liquid catalyzed degradation of cellulose in 40% (v/v) aq. ethanol was studied by
measuring levulinic acid, ethyl levulinate, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural yields.

Results:

In experiments with Mn(II) and Zn(II) chloride co-catalysts at 160 and 170°C for 12 h, the
initial yields of ethyl levulinate and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural improved from ~ 7% to ~ 12-15% due to
co-catalytic effects. The highest enhancements in ethyl levulinate yields were observed with CrCl3,
where the yield increased from 6 to 27% with the addition of a 10 mol% co-catalyst.

Conclusion:

All three transition metal chlorides studied caused improvements in yields of secondary
products, ethyl levulinate and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, in acidic ionic liquid catalyzed degradation of
cellulose in aqueous ethanol. The most significant enhancements in ethyl levulinate yields were observed
with CrCl3 as a co-catalyst.
Nanoparticle: A Unique Strategy for Antifungal Agents
Authors: Vishwakarma Sudha , Bhagwat Geeta
Published: March 2023

Nanomaterials are emerging as an innovative and efficient instrument for the transport and
cellular translocation of therapeutic compounds, namely, biopharmaceuticals. The use of nanoparticles
as drug carriers in the healthcare industry, for instance, in several applications, with drug delivery being
among the most significant. These nanomaterials are adaptable and have qualities that are good for delivering
compounds that are biologically active. The creation of different nanoparticles as a drug delivery
system has led to the development of a variety of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems to reduce
toxicity, reduce the dosing system, and increase the viability of the drug. The objectives of this review
are to provide an overview of the recent advances in nanotechnology in Antifungal treatment and to
overcome the problems associated with antifungal agents.
Skin Health of the Elderly and People in Long-term Care
Authors: Kitagaki Hiroshi
Published: March 2023

The proportion of the elderly in the population is increasing in many developed countries, and
Japan has one of the oldest populations in the world. Therefore, health care for the elderly is becoming
a serious issue in Japan. Skin health is a significant concern in maintaining the quality of life (QOL) in
elderly people and those requiring long-term care. The skin deteriorates and becomes fragile in elderly
individuals, and the accompanying increase in skin wrinkles is caused by the degradation of structural
proteins in the dermis, collagen, and elastin fibers. In addition, skin aging occurs due to genetic factors
and UV. Xerosis and dry skin are the primary skin problems in the elderly. Dry skin occurs frequently
in elderly women, as sebaceous glands decrease with age, while the skin of elderly men tends to have a
high lipid content. Skin wrinkles and blemishes increase with age. Inflammation frequently occurs in
the dermis of the elderly person. Skin cancer is a serious threat to elderly people, and skin pH increases
with age. Therefore, it is important to understand the health characteristics of elderly people to improve
their QOL. The skin profiles of elderly people and those requiring long-term care have many associated
problems. This situation is especially serious in Japan due to the ratio of elderly people showing an
increasing trend. Elderly people requiring long-term care also experience skin problems caused by pressure
ulcers and diapers. Microbial and fungal infections are also common in aged people. In this review,
we have discussed the skin problems associated with aging and long-term care.
Investigation of vibrational assessment on osseointegration process with a novel implant design
Authors: Lu S.
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Osseointegrated prosthesis has been utilized as an alternative treatment for transfemoral amputation to replace the common prosthetic sock device, which has been complained by patients as unsatisfactory due to the severe infection and pain. Osseointegrated prosthesis demonstrated enormous advantages in improving mobility and quality of life for the amputee. However, the long rehabilitation period, which forces patients to stay in bed for up to 18 months, limits the application of the osseointegrated implant. Therefore, accurate and quantitative assessment method attracts research interest in recent years. This paper investigates the capability of a vibrational analysis technique using two unidirectional sensors on monitoring stages of the osseointegration process. This assessment method has been proven to be sensitive to the stiffness change at the femur-implant interface due to osseointegration. This paper mainly focuses on the further validation of this vibrational method and E-index on three lengths of the residual femur. The colormap of the cross-spectrum against the curing time demonstrates a clear step change in the magnitude. Moreover, the E-index for these three lengths of residual femur shares a similar trend, which dramatically increases after 300s and peaks above 0.8. The time when the gradient of the E-index reaches its maximum is coincident with the initial bonding time of the epoxy adhesive which is used to simulate the osseointegration process. The clear correlation between E-index to the curing time evidences the capability of this vibrational method in monitoring the osseointegration process and the potential of the E-index being a quantitative parameter to assess the stage of the osseointegration process.