bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Om fengsling av unge lovbrytere i Norge
Authors: Bødal Kaare
Published: March 2020

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De indsattes reaktioner på demokratisering af et fængsels ledelse
Authors: Dalå Ole , Holstein Bjørn , Ingstrup Ole
Published: March 2020

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Påföljdssystemets trappstegsmekanism - en inbyggd återfallsregel
Authors: Elwin Göran
Published: March 2020

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Sammanfattning av diskussion förd vid det nordiska symposiet om upprepad brottslighet 2-4 april 1976
Authors: Holmquist Lena
Published: March 2020

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Litteratur
Authors: Stürup Georg K. , Greve Vagn , Duckert Mona , Johanson Eva , Moe Mogens , Cosmo Carl-Johan , Waaben Knud
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Prøveløsladelse
Authors: Waaben Knud
Published: March 2020

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Två sorters culpa
Authors: Jareborg Nils
Published: March 2020

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Straffrättsligt ansvar i samfund de lege lata
Authors: Lehtonen Asko
Published: March 2020

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Ett halvfärdigt strafflagsförslag
Authors: Törnudd Patrick
Published: March 2020

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Christianias betydning for kriminaliteten og kriminalpolitikken i Danmark
Authors: Balvig Flemming
Published: March 2020

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Isolation af varetægtsfængslede
Authors: Larsen Ole Unmack , Jørgensen Finn , Viltoft Henrik , Heilbo Jørgen
Published: March 2020

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Brottsligheten och fängarnas psykosociala bakgrund
Authors: Mattila Vilho J. , Salokangas Raimo K. R. , Jäppinen Viljo J. , Joukamaa Matti I. , Salmi Lauri , Holm Hannu
Published: March 2020

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Særlovgivningen - forvaltningstvang eller straf II
Authors: Ziegler Sven
Published: March 2020

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Invalidepension og kriminalitet
Authors: Kyvsgaard Britta
Published: March 2020

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Virker lukkete institusjoner likevel?
Authors: Waal Helge
Published: March 2020

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Et dystert jubileum - landsfengslet for kvinner 100 år
Authors: Ellingsen Vegard
Published: March 2020

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Dansk, norsk og svensk kronik
Authors: Waaben Knud , Coward Kirsti , Örn Claes , Victor Dag , Bishop Norman
Published: March 2020

Dansk, norsk og svensk kronik
Anmeldelser
Authors: Törnudd Patrick , Greve Vagn
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Nyklassicism, proportionalitet och straffets grunder
Authors: Hirsch Andrew Von
Published: March 2020

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Kronik fra Europarådet 1981-82
Authors: Harremoes Erik
Published: March 2020

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Boganmeldelser
Authors: Flyghed Jane , Greve Vagn , Hjorth Karsten , Meilby Finn , Malmsten Krister , Frøbert Knud Aage , Johanson Eva
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Rusgifte og forfalskninger i Jylland og på Fyn i årene 1968-1983
Authors: Kæmpe Bent
Published: March 2020

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Den engelske bobby - mellem teknokratisk selvstyre og folkeligt samtykke
Authors: Koch Henning
Published: March 2020

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Den rette straff
Authors: Christie Nils
Published: March 2020

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Kriminalomsorgen i frihet og kontrollopgavene
Authors: Weihe Hans-Jørgen Wallin
Published: March 2020

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Indhold
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Indhold anno 1985
To forskningstradisjoner
Authors: Christie Nils
Published: March 2020

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Tretton år med kriminalvårdsreformen
Authors: Håkansson Marianne
Published: March 2020

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Nordmenns holdning til vinningskriminalitet
Authors: Nergård Trude B. , Molven Olav
Published: March 2020

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Boganmeldelser
Authors: Frände Dan , Jepsen Jørgen , Greve Vagn , Anttila Inkeri , Kutchinsky Berl , Christensen John , Johanson Eva , Gammeltoft-Hansen Hans
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Inkeri Anttila i internasjonalt kriminalistmiljø
Authors: Røstad Helge
Published: March 2020

Artikel om  Inkeri Anttila
Det nionde nordiska kriminalistmötet i Helsingfors
Authors: Taxell Christoffer
Published: March 2020

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Kriminalvetenskaplig forskning och kriminalpolitik
Authors: Lahti Raimo
Published: March 2020

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Retsmedicinske hulrumsundersøgelser for tilstedeværelse af narkotiske stoffer
Authors: Geertinger Preben , Helweg-Larsen Karin , Thomsen Jørgen L.
Published: March 2020

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Svensk kronik
Authors: Rekke Nils , Tham Gisela
Published: March 2020

Svensk kronik
Alternativ kontrol af økonomisk kriminalitet
Authors: Schünemann Bernd
Published: March 2020

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Til Vilhelm Aubert
Authors: Christie Nils
Published: March 2020

Til Vilhelm Aubert
Menneskerettighedernes betydning for straffeprocessen
Authors: Nielsen Lars Nordskov
Published: March 2020

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Frygtelige tider og frygtsomme jurister
Authors: Bentzon Agnete Weis
Published: March 2020

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"SIC CREATOR HOMO QUERENS" eller Fangeopposisjon og betjentmotstand: To kritiske faktorer i utviklingen av fengselsvesenet
Authors: Kristoffersen Ragnar
Published: March 2020

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The principle of universality
Authors: Gardocki Leeh
Published: March 2020

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Den sovjetiske strafferetspleje under ændring - genskabelse af domstolenes funktion
Authors: Stoiko N. G.
Published: March 2020

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Boganmeldelser
Authors: Christensen Bjarne , Buhl Jon Palle , Klette Hans , Axberger Hans-Gunnar , Kyvsgaard Britta , Aromaa Kauko , Lund Vibeke , Greve Vagn , Winsløw Jacob Hilden , Freitag Preben , Kruse Sysette Vinding , Stevnsborg Henrik , Baun Arne , Gottlieb Peter
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Ungdomsvåld
Authors: Pajuoja Jussi
Published: March 2020

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Könsperspektiv på prostitution
Authors: Järvinen Margaretha
Published: March 2020

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Rock i et kriminologisk perspektiv
Authors: Larsson Paul
Published: March 2020

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Konfliktråd - alternativet som blir "stjålet"?
Authors: Falck Sturla
Published: March 2020

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Har domfældtes køn betydning for strafudmålingen?
Authors: Storgaard Anette
Published: March 2020

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Strafferettens begrensninger
Authors: Andenæs Johs.
Published: March 2020

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De internationale menneskerettigheders krav til bevisførelse
Authors: Vilhjálmsson Thór
Published: March 2020

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Samfunnstjenesten sett fra innsiden
Authors: Larsson Paul
Published: March 2020

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Norsk kronik
Authors: Andersen Heidi Mork
Published: March 2020

Norsk kronik
Islandsk kronik
Authors: Bragadóttir Ragnheiður
Published: March 2020

Islandsk kronik
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Träskman P. O. , Indahl Marie , Pösö Tarja , Laursen Lau , Klette Hans , Greve Vagn , Tamm Ditlev , Eriksen Morten , Koch Ida , Dalberg-Larsen Jørgen , Munck Johan , Zila Josef , Vestergaard Jørn , Langsted Lars Bo
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Voldskriminalitetens utvikling i de to siste tiårene
Authors: Olaussen Leif Petter
Published: March 2020

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Sexuella och rituella övergrepputsagors uppkomstbetingelser
Authors: Holgersson Astrid
Published: March 2020

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Registrert voldskriminalitet i Oslo
Authors: Jon Nina
Published: March 2020

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Prison in Lithuania
Authors: Justickis Viktoras
Published: March 2020

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Meta-analys av studier kring behandlingseffekter - på gott eller ont?
Authors: Belfrage Henrik
Published: March 2020

Kommentar til Erik Grevholm og Eckhart Kühlhorn (NTfK nr. 3, 1997 s. 170-181)
Betroelsesbegrebet og kravet om materiel formueforskydning
Authors: Kristoffersen Dorthe Borggaard
Published: March 2020

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Närpolisen och brottsbekämpningen
Authors: Heckscher Sten
Published: March 2020

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Samfundssanktioner og samfundstiltag i Danmark
Authors: Kyvsgaard Britta
Published: March 2020

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Samhällspåföljder i det finska påföljdssystemet
Authors: Lappi-Seppälä Tapio
Published: March 2020

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Boganmeldelser
Authors: Rasmussen Dagmar , Levin Claes , Sjørslev Sten , Ring Jonas , Skjørten Kristin , Kaspersson Maria , Garde Peter
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Bevis og bevisbedømmelse med særligt henblik på sager om sædelighedsforbrydelser mod børn
Authors: Garde Peter
Published: March 2020

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Boganmeldelser
Authors: Garde Peter , Bech Charlotte Mathiesen , Larsson Paul , Langsted Lars Bo , Elholm Thomas , Klette Hans , Flyghed Janne , Kruize Peter
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
De Nordiske Kriminalistforeninger år 2002
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Årsberetning
Åtgärdseftergift som en del av det straffrättsliga påföljdssystemet i Finland
Authors: Kainulainen Heini
Published: March 2020

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Kriminalitet i danske massemedier
Authors: Lund Anker Brink
Published: March 2020

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Sprøyteutdeling i fengsler: Noen praktiske erfaringer
Authors: Papendorf Knut
Published: March 2020

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Boganmeldelser
Authors: Garde Peter , Wong Christoffer , Kyvsgaard Britta , Klette Hans , Jensen Sv. Gram , Bjerregaard Susanne , Sjöstrand Malin , Träskman Per Ole
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
XIII Nordiska Kriminalistmötet 10.-12-6.2004. Mötesplats Helsingfors universitet.
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Program
XIII Nordiska Kriminalistmötet 10.-12-6.2004 vid Helsingfors universitet.
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Program
Petter Asp: EU & Straffrätten
Authors: Gröning Linda
Published: March 2020

Book review
Rätten till riktig ressing - En fråga försummad av forskningen?
Authors: Träskman Per Ole
Published: March 2020

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Mer utbredt aksept for fengselsstraff i den norske befolkningen
Authors: Olaussen Leif Petter
Published: March 2020

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Innsatte og psykisk helse
Authors: Amundsen Marie-Lisbet
Published: March 2020

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Nationella tolkningar av universalitetsprincipen
Authors: Kimpimåaki Minna
Published: March 2020

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Politianmeldelse - handlingers alvorlighet og sosial avstand
Authors: Olaussen Leif Petter
Published: March 2020

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"Sit fædreland skylder man alt, hvad man kan udrette." Carl Th. Ussing 150 år.
Authors: Garde Peter
Published: March 2020

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Noen betraktninger om korrupsjon
Authors: Dyrnes Anne-Mette
Published: March 2020

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EU:s sanktionssystem mot terrorism
Authors: Cameron Iain
Published: March 2020

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Kundskapsgrundad kriminalpolitik
Authors: Bäcklund Agneta
Published: March 2020

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Kriminalitetsofrenes stilling
Authors: Ertzeid Aina Mee
Published: March 2020

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Det stigende antal retspsykiatriske patienter
Authors: Gabrielsen Gorm , Kramp Peter
Published: March 2020

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Undervisning i de danske fængsler: De rigtige tilbud?
Authors: Koudahl Peter
Published: March 2020

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Gaderøveri
Authors: Kyvsgaard Britta
Published: March 2020

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Det Kognitive Færdighedsprogram. Erfaringer og refleksioner fra programdeltagere om den oplevede effekt.
Authors: Minke Linda Kjær , Bird Pernille Petersen , Weismann Anne Dorte
Published: March 2020

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Replikk til Rasmus H. Wandall
Authors: Olaussen Leif Petter
Published: March 2020

Replik til Rasmus H. Wandall (NTfK 1-2009)
Sosioøkonomiske kjennetegn på den islandske politikken og bankstruktur
Authors: Saemundsdôttir Margret
Published: March 2020

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Akademikerne og politiet - kampen mellem teori og praksis
Authors: Sørensen Anne-Stina
Published: March 2020

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Om strafudmåling og lovmotiver
Authors: Carlsen Bent
Published: March 2020

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Integrative analysis of dysregulated lncRNA-associated ceRNA network reveals potential lncRNA biomarkers for human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Chengyun , Zhang Wenwen , Yang Hanteng , Xiang Jilian , Wang Xinghua , Wang Junling
Published: March 2020

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis and a high incidence. The molecular changes and novel biomarkers of HCC need to be identified to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of this disease. We investigated the current research concentrations of HCC and identified the transcriptomics-related biomarkers of HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TGCA) database.

Methods

We investigated the current research concentrations of HCC using literature metrology analysis for studies conducted from 2008 to 2018. We identified long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that correlated with the clinical features and survival prognoses of HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TGCA) database. Differentially expressed genes (lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs) were also identified by TCGA datasets in HCC tumor tissues. A lncRNA competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed from lncRNAs based on intersected lncRNAs. Survival times and the association between the expression levels of the key lncRNAs of the ceRNA network and the clinicopathological characteristics of HCC patients were analyzed using TCGA. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the reliability of the results in tissue samples from 20 newly-diagnosed HCC patients.

Results

Analysis of the literature pertaining to HCC research revealed that current research is focused on lncRNA functions in tumorigenesis and tumor development. A total of 128 HCC dysregulated lncRNAs were identified; 66 were included in the co-expressed ceRNA network. We analyzed survival times and the associations between the expression of 66 key lncRNAs and the clinicopathological features of the HCC patients identified from TCGA. Twenty-six lncRNAs were associated with clinical features of HCC (P < 0.05) and six key lncRNAs were associated with survival time (log-rank test P < 0.05). Six key lncRNAs were selected for the validation of their expression levels in 20 patients with newly diagnosed HCC using qRT-PCR. Consistent fold changes in the trends of up and down regulation between qRT-PCR validation and TCGA proved the reliability of our bioinformatics analysis.

Conclusions

We used integrative bioinformatics analysis of the TCGA datasets to improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved with the functional features of lncRNAs in HCC. The results revealed that lncRNAs are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of HCC.
Managing non-releasable animals following rehabilitation: the current management framework in New South Wales, recent trends and a stakeholder consultative review
Authors: Mo Matthew , Oliver Robert
Published: March 2020

Although the ultimate goal of wildlife rehabilitation is to return animals to the wild, some are permanently unable to be released. Some non-releasable animals may be suitable for permanent care. The National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) has the statutory role for arranging the appropriate placement of these animals in New South Wales. Under the current management framework, wildlife rehabilitators may apply for the permanent care of non-releasable animals under certain circumstances. If such an application is refused or not sought, NPWS ballots animals to suitable zoological parks and other exhibitors licensed by the Department of Primary Industries. The Frog and Tadpole Study Group rehomes non-releasable frogs with amphibian keepers licensed by NPWS. Between 2014 and 2018, 165 rehabilitation animals were placed under this framework, the majority of which were mammals (54%) and birds (41%). NPWS undertook a review of the framework in consultation with 17 stakeholder organisations. The review explored the need for a consistent approach to assessing animals as non-releasable, opposing views on when animals should be euthanased, the appropriateness of placing wild-born animals with exhibitors, and policy deficiencies resulting in placements that are not necessarily the best possible welfare outcome for the animal nor the best possible conservation outcome for the species. As non-releasable animals present themselves under a wide range of circumstances, the management framework requires a balance between consistency and pragmatism to achieve optimal animal welfare and conservation outcomes.
Quality Evaluation of Cookies from Malted Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Sprouted Soybean (Glycine max) and Carrot (Daucus carota) Flour Blends
Authors: Ahure Dinnah , Ejoha Pius Oteikwu
Published: March 2020

Quality and acceptability of cookies produced from malted sorghum, wheat, and blends of malted sorghum, sprouted soybean and carrot flours were evaluated. Malted sorghum flour was enriched with sprouted soybean and carrot to produce cookies with varying amount of sproted sorghum and carrot (100:0:0, 80:10:10, 70:20:10, 60:30:10 and 50:40:10). The chemical, physical and sensory attributes of cookies were evaluated with results showing significant (p<0.05) differences. Results of chemical compositions of Composite flours and composite cookies showed similar trends. The ranges of cookies contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate, energy spread ratio and general acceptability include 5.25–6.79%, 9.88–17.46%, 12.04–18.99%, 0.81–4.67%, 1.34–3.78%, 51.25–68.62%, 422.4–459.19 Kcal, 6.53–7.79 and 7.11–7.98. Generally, all nutrients analysed increased with increased substitution of sprouted soybean and carrot flours into mated sorghum flour except moisture and carbohydrates. The results revealed that inclusion of 40% sprouted soybean and 10% carrot into malted sorghum served a complementary purpose in increasing cookies spread ratio and most of the nutrients analysed. Whereas, sensory scores of cookies with 10% sprouted soybean and 10% carrot inclusion compared favourably with the control.
Assessment of Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Water Samples of Okomu National Park, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Omonona A. O. , Adetuga A. T. , Solotan T. V.
Published: March 2020

Water is very crucial for the survival and maintenance of most living organisms. The quality of water available for plant, animal or human use cannot therefore be compromised. This study therefore examined the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of water samples in Okomu National Park, Edo State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from four waterholes (three rivers and one stream) for two seasons (dry and wet) using grab sampling technique. These water samples were analysed for physicochemical [temperature, pH, total dissolved solid, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, chloride, phosphate, sulphate, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD)] and microbiological (total coliform and fungal counts) analyses using standard methods. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics and T-test at α0.05 and compared with WHO permissible limits. The result showed that the mean COD (both seasons) and BOD (dry season) were above the comparable WHO permissible limit while there was no significant difference in the values of all the physicochemical parameters across the seasons of sampling. Salmonella / Shigella and Staphylococcus aureus were observed to be absent while the total coliform and fungi counts were observed to be higher than the WHO permissible limit for drinking water. The detection of Escherichia coli in the water samples (except Arakhuan stream) is an indication of faecal contamination either of animal or human origin. There was significant difference in total heterotrophic bacteria (t=-4.936) and total coliform counts (t=-2.417) in the waters sampled. Constant monitoring of the waterholes and intensified sensitization of the surrounding communities on ecosystem conservation is needed to protect the park’s ecosystems.
Effect of Humidity on Friction of Molybdenum Disulfide Films Produced by Thermal Evaporation on Titanium Substrates
Authors: Manu Bodhi R. , Jayatissa Ahalapitiya H.
Published: March 2020

MoS2 is one of the most advanced solid lubricants that have been used in many machineries. In this work, the effect of humidity on the friction of MoS2 solid film lubricant is investigated using a pin-on-disk tribometer. MoS2 film was coated by a thermal evaporation method on a titanium substrate. Steel and aluminum pins were used for the evaluation of friction coefficient of MoS2 films using a tribometer. The tests showed that with an increase in humidity, the coefficient of friction also increased. In practical applications at high humidity levels, the MoS2 films could be covered by condensed water molecules. Therefore, an experiment to understand the effect of water film on the variation of friction coefficient was also conducted. The results showed that the coefficient of friction remained constant for experiments using both aluminum and steel pins, and then the coefficient of friction increased once the water film was evaporated by the heat generated due to friction. An optical and XRD characterization of the MoS2 film was also conducted.
Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Pittosporum floribundum Wight. & Arn. – A Review
Authors: Gunsai Kishangiri Kirtigiri , Gandhi Abhay Jayprakash , Acharya Rabinarayan , Shukla V. J.
Published: March 2020

Objectives: Pittosporum floribundum Wight & Arn. (Pittosporaceae) has been associated with many therapeutic claims, especially for its ethnomedicinal and economical uses. In this review, an extensive literature survey was carried out to compile information available about its medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties.

Materials and Methods: Ethnobotanical uses of P. floribundum reported in available books on ethnobotany and ethnomedicinal research articles have been compiled. The obtained data are arranged in a tabular form, enlisting its local names, their area of presence and parts used. Therapeutic indications, external or internal dosage form and usage of the drug are also noted.

Results and Discussion: It was found that stem bark, leaves, and root of P. floribundum are used to combat itching, rheumatism, leprosy, sprain, eczema, arthritis, diabetes, chest pain and antidote for snake bite. Bark has maximum applications in leprosy, and sprain. The extracts of the different parts were subjected to phytochemical screening for the presence of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, lignins, anthroquinones, steroids, tannins, saponins, fixed oils and glycosides. Studies have shown that the methanolic extract of bark having promising antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuropharmacological and behaviour activities.

Conclusion: P. floribundum has multifaceted uses in varied aspects thus underlining its significance. Reported claimed anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activities can be further strengthened through pharmacological and clinical studies to establish the ethnic claims like leprosy, sprain, bruises, sciatica, pulmonary affection and phthisis.
Dynamics of Household Heads’ Intentions to Adopt Biogas Technology in Ghana
Authors: Osei-Marfo Martha , Vries Nanne de , Awuah Esi
Published: March 2020

Evidence abounds that biogas technology has enormous health and environmental benefits, including improvement of community livelihood and health, sanitation, sustainable energy and reduced emissions. In spite of these benefits, intentions to adopt biogas technology are low among household heads in developing countries, notably Ghana. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of household heads’ intentions to adopt biogas technology, based on the theory of planned behavior. The study adopted an exploratory design and collected data from 394 household heads’ using questionnaires. It was discovered that attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control are significant predictors and independently contributed to predicting household heads’ intentions to adopt biogas technology. Additionally, the study found that, the dynamics of ethnicity and education have a significantly direct effect on household heads’ intentions to adopt biogas technology. The study recommends that respected persons in local communities, using different ethnic dialects, lead public education and awareness creation on the benefits of the use of biogas technology. Besides, government should subsidize the cost of biogas plants installation so as to promote its adoption rate.
Degradation of Phytochemical and Antioxidant Capacity of Noni (Morinda Citrifolia L.) Pulp Tea during Drying and Roasting Treatment
Authors: Nguyen Minh Phuoc
Published: March 2020

Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) fruit is highly evaluated as an important herb with a good source of natural antioxidant against various ailments as well as maintain overall good health. It’s normally disposed due to unpleasant aroma from the ripened fruit. There is limited literature mentioned to the decomposition of this valuable fruit during thermal processing. Hence this reseach aimed to evaluate the possible degradation of total phenolic (mg GAE/100 g), total flavonoid (mg QE/100 g), DPPH radical-scavenging ability (mM TE/100 g), FRAP ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (mM TE/100 g) in raw, dried and roasted noni pulp tea. The highest contents of functional constituents and antioxidant capacity were noticed in the raw sample; meanwhile decreased dramatically in the roasted one. However, degradation of noni flavonol glycosides during roasting could produce aglycone metabolites, which in turn, may lead to increased bioavailability. Owing to degradation of phytochemical and antioxidant ability by harsh thermal treatment, it’s necessary to be careful in drying and roasting to limit detrimental effect in herbal noni tea production.
Meiboscore Correlation between Contact Lenses Weares and No Contact Lenses Weares in a Young Population
Authors: Pateras E. , Karabatsas K.
Published: March 2020

Purpose: To compare the morphological changes in the meibomian glands and meibomian glands loss between contact lens and non-contact lenses wears in a young population. The contact lens wearers wore C.L. for max 6 years.

Methods: Examination of the meibomian gland (MG) by using a corneal topographer CSO MODI 2 incorporating Phoenix-Meibography Imaging software module from January to June 2019. 80 volunteered students of the University of West Attics participated, and all the subjects selected had no obvious ophthalmological symptoms, aged 19 to 22 years.

Results: The Arithmetic mean of Meiboscore for those who did not wear C.L. was 1,23 MGL, while for the C.L. wearers was 2,53 MGL.

Conclusion: This Clinical research compares the meiboscore of contact lens wearers at a young age (min. 4 years contact lens wearers) and those who never tried to wear. This study showed that there is a relation between meibomian glands loss (MGL) and contact lens wear. Our observations showed that there a small but positive correlation, as the total period of C.L. wear increases the meiboscore increases. In addition, cumulative frequency % showed this slight increase in meiboscore.
Staphylococci evade the innate immune response by disarming neutrophils and forming biofilms
Authors: de Vor Lisanne , Rooijakkers Suzan H. M. , van Strijp Jos A. G.
Published: March 2020

Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis can cause many types of infections, ranging from skin infections to implant‐associated infections. The primary innate immune response against bacterial infections involves complement activation, recruitment of phagocytes (most importantly neutrophils), and subsequent killing of the pathogen. However, staphylococci are not innocent bystanders; they actively obstruct this immune attack. To do that, S. aureus secretes several immune‐evasion proteins to resist attack by the innate immune system. Furthermore, S. aureus and S. epidermidis are known for their ability to form biofilms on implanted medical devices and host tissues, which provides another important immune‐evasion mechanism. Understanding these different strategies to resist immune attack will help to develop novel therapies against staphylococcal infections.
Overexpression of GLT1D1 induces immunosuppression through glycosylation of PD‐L1 and predicts poor prognosis in B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Liu Xiaoxia , Zhang Yanyu , Han Yi , Lu Wenhua , Yang Jing , Tian Jingyu , Sun Peng , Yu Tiantian , Hu Yumin , Zhang Hui , Huang Peng , Liu Panpan
Published: March 2020

B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a class of heterogeneous diseases with variable clinical outcomes. Immunosuppression is particularly common in the subtypes of lymphoma with poor prognosis, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Using a RT‐PCR array analysis, we have identified that glycosyltransferase 1 domain‐containing 1 (GLT1D1), an enzyme that transfers glycosyl groups to proteins, is highly upregulated in the incurable subtype of B‐cell NHL and in early relapse diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Analysis of clinical specimens revealed that GLT1D1 expression was positively correlated with the level of glycosylated programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) in B‐cell NHL and that high GLT1D1 expression was associated with poor prognosis. Mechanistically, we showed that GLT1D1 transferred N‐linked glycans to PD‐L1, thus promoting the immunosuppressive function of glycosylated PD‐L1. Downregulation of GLT1D1 resulted in a decrease of glycosylated PD‐L1 and enhanced cytotoxic T‐cell function against lymphoma cells. In vivo, overexpression of GLT1D1 promoted tumor growth by facilitating tumor immune escape through increased levels of PD‐L1. Our work has identified GLT1D1 as a predictive biomarker for B‐cell NHL. It has also shown that this enzyme enhances PD‐L1 stabilization via N‐glycosylation, thus promoting immunosuppression and tumor growth. As such, GLT1D1 might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of B‐NHL.
Origin and evolution of the Rax homeobox gene by comprehensive evolutionary analysis
Authors: Kon Tetsuo , Furukawa Takahisa
Published: March 2020

Rax is one of the key transcription factors crucial for vertebrate eye development. In this study, we conducted comprehensive evolutionary analysis of Rax. We found that Bilateria and Cnidaria possess Rax, but Placozoa, Porifera, and Ctenophora do not, implying that the origin of the Rax gene dates back to the common ancestor of Cnidaria and Bilateria. The results of molecular phylogenetic and synteny analyses on Rax loci between jawed and jawless vertebrates indicate that segmental duplication of the Rax locus occurred in an early common ancestor of jawed vertebrates, resulting in two Rax paralogs in jawed vertebrates, Rax and Rax2. By analyzing 86 mammalian genomes from all four major groups of mammals, we found that at least five independent Rax2 gene loss events occurred in mammals. This study may provide novel insights into the evolution of the eye.
Efficacy of a Modified Health Assessment Utilized on Two Genetically Distinct Stocks of Rainbow Trout
Authors: Martinelli Laura , Harris Olivia , Collins Michael T. , Kebus Myron
Published: March 2020

The Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss is a salmonid fish that is maintained in aquaculture facilities and used as a source of protein around the world. Veterinarians need accurate, efficient tools and straightforward assessments to evaluate the health status of fish, like Rainbow Trout, that are cultivated on farms. In this study, two genetically distinct broodstock lines of Rainbow Trout originally obtained from two different U.S. states but propagated at Rushing Waters Trout Farm (Palmyra, Wisconsin) were evaluated. Groups originating from both states (State A: n =20; State B: n =20) were surveyed with a modified health assessment in a prospective, randomized, single-blind study. The adapted health assessment included external and internal gross evaluations, skin scrapes, gill clips, intestinal scrapes, and calculated indices, including condition factor and the hepatosomatic index. Generally, there were few significant differences in health assessment values between State A and State B fish. When this information was presented to the producer, it was discovered that perceived differences between groups were due to management errors in calculated growth rates. The results of this study add validity to the use of standardized health assessments for evaluating fish within aquaculture.
Cautious Hope for Cannabidiol (CBD) in Rheumatology Care
Authors: Fitzcharles Mary‐Ann , Clauw Daniel J. , Häuser Winfried
Published: March 2020

Cannabidiol (CBD), a major metabolite of Cannabis sativa, is popularized as a medicinal product, with potential for analgesic, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects. CBD may hold promise as a treatment in rheumatic diseases, but evidence to date remains preclinical. Preclinical effects on pain and inflammation is encouraging, but clinical study is lacking, with only a single study in knee osteoarthritis reporting a promising effect on symptoms. CBD products are freely available over the counter and marketed as food supplements or wellness products. The World Health Organization has identified pure CBD as safe and without abuse potential, but products are not subject to drug regulatory standards, leading to inconsistency in manufacturing practices and quality of products. Not only have molecular concentrations of CBD been identified as inaccurate, but concerns exist regarding contaminants, including heavy metals, pesticides, microbes, and mycotoxins, as well as added tetrahydrocannabinol. Drug‐drug interactions pose a potential risk due to metabolism via the cytochrome P450 enzyme pathway. Patients wishing to use CBD should obtain a product with certification of Good Manufacturing Practices, initiate treatment with a nighttime low dose, and have defined outcome goals within a reasonable time frame. Treatments should not be managed by nonmedical dispensary personnel. The hope that CBD may be a useful therapy must be substantiated by sound scientific study.
Precision Medicine Approach to Develop and Internally Validate Optimal Exercise and Weight‐Loss Treatments for Overweight and Obese Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis: Data From a Single‐Center Randomized Trial
Authors: Jiang Xiaotong , Nelson Amanda E. , Cleveland Rebecca J. , Beavers Daniel P. , Schwartz Todd A. , Arbeeva Liubov , Alvarez Carolina , Callahan Leigh F. , Messier Stephen , Loeser Richard , Kosorok Michael R.
Published: March 2020

Objective

To apply a precision medicine approach to determine the optimal treatment regime for participants in an exercise (E), dietary weight loss (D), and D + E trial for knee osteoarthritis that would maximize their expected outcomes.

Methods

Using data from 343 participants of the Intensive Diet and Exercise for Arthritis (IDEA) trial, we applied 24 machine‐learning models to develop individualized treatment rules on 7 outcomes: Short Form 36 physical component score, weight loss, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain/function/stiffness scores, compressive force, and interleukin‐6 level. The optimal model was selected based on jackknife value function estimates that indicate improvement in the outcomes if future participants follow the estimated decision rule compared to the optimal single, fixed treatment model.

Results

Multiple outcome random forest was the optimal model for the WOMAC outcomes. For the other outcomes, list‐based models were optimal. For example, the estimated optimal decision rule for weight loss indicated assigning the D + E intervention to participants with baseline weight not exceeding 109.35 kg and waist circumference above 90.25 cm, and assigning D to all other participants except those with a history of a heart attack. If applied to future participants, the optimal rule for weight loss is estimated to increase average weight loss to 11.2 kg at 18 months, contrasted with 9.8 kg if all participants received D + E (P= 0.01).

Conclusion

The precision medicine models supported the overall findings from IDEA that the D + E intervention was optimal for most participants, but there was evidence that a subgroup of participants would likely benefit more from diet alone for 2 outcomes.
Small Protein Hidden in lncRNA LOC90024 Promotes “Cancerous” RNA Splicing and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Meng Nan , Chen Min , Chen De , Chen Xin‐Hui , Wang Ji‐Zhong , Zhu Song , He Yu‐Tian , Zhang Xiao‐Lan , Lu Rui‐Xun , Yan Guang‐Rong
Published: March 2020

Conventional therapies for late‐stage colorectal cancer (CRC) have limited effects because of chemoresistance, recurrence, and metastasis. The “hidden” proteins/peptides encoded by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may be a novel resource bank for therapeutic options for patients with cancer. Here, lncRNA LOC90024 is discovered to encode a small 130‐amino acid protein that interacts with several splicing regulators, such as serine‐ and arginine‐rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3), to regulate mRNA splicing, and the protein thus is named “Splicing Regulatory Small Protein” (SRSP). SRSP, but not LOC90024 lncRNA itself, promotes CRC tumorigenesis and progression, while silencing of SRSP suppresses CRC tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, SRSP increases the binding of SRSF3 to exon 3 of transcription factor Sp4, resulting in the inclusion of Sp4 exon 3 to induce the formation of the “cancerous” long Sp4 isoform (L‐Sp4 protein) and inhibit the formation of the “noncancerous” short Sp4 isoform (S‐Sp4 peptide), which lacks the transactivation domain. The upregulated SRSP level is positively associated with malignant phenotypes and poor prognosis in patients with CRC. Collectively, the findings uncover that a lncRNA‐encoded small protein SRSP induces “cancerous” Sp4 splicing variant formation and may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for patients with CRC.
Concentration‐dependent molecular diffusion coefficient of gaseous ethane in liquid toluene
Authors: Khalifi Mohammad , Sabet Nasser , Zirrahi Mohsen , Hassanzadeh Hassan , Abedi Jalal
Published: March 2020

We report new experimental data on concentration‐dependent molecular diffusion coefficient of ethane in toluene at temperatures ranging from 21 to 125°C and pressures up to 4.14 MPa. An analytical model has also been developed for estimation of the diffusion coefficient utilizing the experimental data of the interface velocity as a result of swelling and the rate of gas dissolution in the liquid phase. It is shown that the diffusion coefficient of ethane in toluene is dependent on the initial mass fraction of the gaseous component in the liquid. In addition, the effect of concentration dependency of the molecular diffusion coefficient on diffusive mass flux is quantified. The results reveal that the assumption of a constant diffusion coefficient introduces ~10–60% error in calculation of diffusional mass transfer flux. The developed methodology finds application in estimation of the concentration‐dependent molecular diffusion coefficient of gases in liquids.
A founder truncating variant in GDF1 causes autosomal‐recessive right isomerism and associated congenital heart defects in multiplex Arab kindreds
Authors: Marek‐Yagel Dina , Bolkier Yoav , Barel Ortal , Vardi Amir , Mishali David , Katz Uriel , Salem Yishay , Abudi Shachar , Nayshool Omri , Kol Nitzan , Raas‐Rothschild Annick , Rechavi Gideon , Anikster Yair , Pode‐Shakked Ben
Published: March 2020

The genetic basis of congenital heart malformations associated with disruption of left–right (L–R) asymmetry is broad and heterogenous, with variants in over 25 genes implicated thus far. Of these, deleterious variants in the Growth/Differentiation Factor 1 (GDF1) gene have been shown to cause heterotaxy with varied complex heart malformations of left–right patterning, in 23 individuals reported to date, either in monoallelic or biallelic state. We report three unrelated individuals exhibiting right isomerism with congenital heart defects, each originating from a consanguineous kindred of Arab‐Muslim descent. Using whole exome sequencing, a shared novel homozygous truncating c.608G > A (p.W203*) variant in the GDF1 gene was revealed as the molecular basis of their disease. Subsequently, targeted sequencing of this variant showed full segregation with the disease in these families, with a total of over 15 reportedly affected individuals, enabling genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis, and planning of future pregnancies. Our findings further confirm the association of biallelic GDF1 variants, heterotaxy and congenital heart defects of left–right patterning, and expand the previously described phenotypic spectrum and mutational profile. Moreover, we suggest targeted screening for the p.W203* variant in relevant clinical circumstances.
Natural history of Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome: Patient survey and review of clinical literature
Authors: El Abiad Jad M. , Robbins Sarah M. , Cohen Bernard , Levin Adam S. , Valle David L. , Morris Carol D. , de Macena Sobreira Nara L.
Published: March 2020

Ollier disease (OD) and Maffucci syndrome (MS) are characterized by multiple enchondromas. Patients with MS also have benign vascular overgrowths that become malignant in 8.5% of cases. OD is characterized by multiple enchondromas, typically unilateral in distribution with a predilection for the appendicular skeleton. MS is characterized by multiple enchondromas bilaterally distributed in most of the cases. Both disorders feature multiple swellings on the extremity, deformity around the joints, limitations in joint mobility, scoliosis, bone shortening, leg‐length discrepancy, gait disturbances, pain, loss of function, and pathological fractures. About 50% of patients with OD or MS develop a malignancy, such as chondrosarcoma, glioma, and ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumor. To better understand the natural history of OD and MS, we reviewed 287 papers describing patients with OD and MS. We also created a survey that was distributed directly to 162 patients through Facebook. Here, we compare the review of the cases described in the literature to the survey's responses. The review of the literature showed that: the patients with OD are diagnosed at a younger age; the prevalence of chondrosarcomas among patients with OD or MS was ~30%; in four patients, vascular anomalies were identified in internal organs only; and, the prevalence of cancer among patients with OD or MS was ~50%. With these data, health care providers will better understand the natural history, severity, and prognosis of these diseases and the prevalence of malignancies in these patients. Here, we recommend new guidelines for the care of patients with OD and MS.
A Stimuli‐Responsive Macromolecular Gear: Interlocking Dynamic Helical Polymers with Foldamers
Authors: Rodríguez Rafael , Suárez‐Picado Esteban , Quiñoá Emilio , Riguera Ricardo , Freire Félix
Published: March 2020

Herein, macromolecular gears composed of helical poly(phenylacetylenes) (PPAs) bearing short oligopeptides as pendant groups are described, in which the two structural motifs (framework and substituents) are combined. These gears are obtained by polymerization of the acetylene groups introduced at the C‐terminus of short oligopeptides formed by achiral (Aib)n units (n=1–3) derivatized at the N‐terminus by a single enantiomer (R or S) of α‐methoxy‐α‐trifluoromethylphenylacetic acid (MTPA, Mosher's reagent). The chiral information of the MTPA is transmitted to the achiral Aib fragments and, through either chiral tele‐induction and/or chiral harvesting mechanisms, is further transferred to the polyene backbones, which adopt preferentially P or M helical senses. Moreover, these materials also show dynamic behavior and respond to the action of external stimuli by either inverting the P/M sense and/or modifying the elongation in fully reversible processes.
Enhanced osteogenic activities of polyetheretherketone surface modified by poly(sodium p‐styrene sulfonate) via ultraviolet‐induced polymerization
Authors: Ma Zhangyu , Li Linlong , Shi Xincui , Wang Zongliang , Guo Min , Wang Yu , Jiao Zixue , Zhang Congxiao , Zhang Peibiao
Published: March 2020

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a promising bone and dental tissue engineering material with excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility, but its biological inertness deficiency limits its clinical applications. In this study, poly(sodium p‐styrene sulfonate) (pNaSS) was grafted onto PEEK surface by ultraviolet (UV) induced polymerization to enhance its osteogenic activities. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transformed Infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle (CA) analysis were carried out to prove the success of grafting polymerization. Toluidine blue O (TBO) colorimetric assay was utilized to quantify the graft amounts of pNaSS. Results showed that the amounts of grafted pNaSS on the PEEK surface could be well‐controlled from 0.59 ± 0.07 mmol/cm2 to 5.08 ± 0.20 mmol/cm2, through adjusting the UV irradiation time and monomer concentration. The hydrophilicity of PEEK surface was increased and the in vitro mineralization ability was promoted with the introduction of pNaSS. Besides, this surface modification method did not influence the intrinsic mechanical properties of PEEK. in vitro biological studies revealed that cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells were enhanced with the increase of graft amounts.
A physical and chemical double enhancement strategy for 3D printing of cellulose reinforced nanocomposite
Authors: Wang Bo , Ding Guojiao , Chen Ken , Jia Shuai , Wei Jie , Wang Yongzhi , He Rujie , Shao Ziqiang
Published: March 2020

Nanocellulose as reinforcing filler added into resin matrix has been widely used in many studies, but it remains challenging when some rigorous applications are taken into consideration. In this study, a novel nanocomposite with high performance was successfully developed for stereolithography (SLA) through physical (cellulose nanocrystal [CNC] physical enhancement) and chemical (esterification reaction) double enhancement effects during post‐curing process. Compound additive (CA), composed of CNCs, butanetetracarboxylic acid, and sodium hypophosphite, were added into methacrylic acid resin to form a novel nanocomposite for SLA and post‐curing. Mechanical properties of samples added with CA were better than those added with CNC only. When the content of CNC in the CA was 0.5 wt%, the sample possessed optimal mechanical properties and improved thermal stability after post‐curing. Meanwhile, dynamic mechanical analysis showed that samples added with CA improved storage modulus and meaningfully increased toughness when used at near room temperature.
Mechanical reinforcement and wear resistance of aligned carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposites from nanoscale investigation
Authors: Wang Huaiyuan , Zhu Mingliang , Chang Li , Ye Lin
Published: March 2020

The anisotropic mechanical reinforcement compression and scratch resistance of epoxy nanocomposites filled with well‐aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs) sliding in different orientations were investigated by nanoindentation techniques. It was found the addition of ACNTs to epoxy very effectively improved the microscopic hardness, elastic modulus, and nanoscratch resistance of pure epoxy, and the nanocomposites in antiparallel orientation of ACNTs showed the highest enhancement. However, macroscopic compression test showed the normal orientation of ACNTs enhanced the compression strength the most. Based on nanoscale observations, new ACNTs related reinforcing and scratch resistance mechanisms were further proposed and discussed. This study will enhance the understanding of the anisotropic reinforcement effect of ACNTs with new characteristics, and will be helpful for the design and application of ACNT nanocomposite materials into precision instruments and related anisotropic nanomaterials.