bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micro- and Macrodata: a Comparison of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey with Financial Accounts in Austria
Authors: Andreasch Michael , Lindner Peter
Published: March 2016

This article compares the results of Austria’s Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) on savings deposits and estimates on total financial assets with administrative records from the national accounts for the household sector. The microdata that are newly generated through the HFCS and the detailed (internally available) breakdown of savings deposits in the existing macrodata (financial accounts) lend themselves to a more in-depth analysis of the similarities and differences in these two sources. Comparing the data shows that the HFCSbased aggregate estimates are lower than the financial accounts data, which is in line with evidence from the literature. The article also shows, however, that the survey adequately captures the underlying patterns at the microlevel in terms of the overall financial portfolio allocation and the distribution of savings deposits over detailed breakdowns. Moreover, a simulation based on the HFCS data demonstrates the effect that the inclusion of savings deposits in the most affluent tail of the distribution has on common statistics. Undercoverage above all of the upper deposit ranges suggests an underestimation or bias in the statistics. This underestimation, however, can be shown to be relatively minor, particularly in the case of robust statistical measures, such as the median or percentile ratios.
Classifying Open-Ended Reports: Factors Affecting the Reliability of Occupation Codes
Authors: Conrad Frederick G. , Couper Mick P. , Sakshaug Joseph W.
Published: March 2016

A source of survey processing error that has received insufficient study to date is the misclassification of open-ended responses. We report on efforts to understand the misclassification of open occupation descriptions in the Current Population Survey (CPS). We analyzed double-coded CPS descriptions to identify which features vary with intercoder reliability. One factor strongly related to reliability was the length of the occupation description: longer descriptions were less reliably coded than shorter ones. This effect was stronger for particular occupation terms. We then carried out an experiment to examine the joint effects of description length and classification “difficulty” of particular occupation terms. For easy occupation terms longer descriptions were less reliably coded, but for difficult occupation terms longer descriptions were slightly more reliably coded than short descriptions. Finally, we observed as coders provided verbal reports on their decision making. One practice, evident in coders’ verbal reports, is their use of informal coding rules based on superficial features of the description. Such rules are likely to promote reliability, though not necessarily validity, of coding. To the extent that coders use informal rules for long descriptions involving difficult terms, this could help explain the observed relationship between description length and difficulty of coding particular terms.
Census Model Transition: Contributions to its Implementation in Portugal
Authors: Dias Carlos A. , Wallgren Anders , Wallgren Britt , Coelho Pedro S.
Published: March 2016

Given the high cost and complexity of traditional censuses, some countries have started to change the census process. Following this trend, Portugal is also evaluating a new census model as an alternative to an exhaustive collection of all statistical units. The main motivations for the implementation of this census model transition in Portugal are related to the decrease in statistical burden on citizens, improvements in the frequency of outputs, and the reduction of collection costs associated with census operations. This article seeks to systematise and critically review all alternatives to the traditional census methodologies, presenting their advantages and disadvantages and the countries that use them. As a result of the comparison, we conclude that the methods that best meet these objectives are those that use administrative data, either in whole or in part. We also present and discuss the results of an inventory and evaluation of administrative registers in Portugal with the potential to produce statistical census information.
A Discussion of Weighting Procedures for Unit Nonresponse
Authors: Haziza David , Lesage Éric
Published: March 2016

Weighting procedures are commonly applied in surveys to compensate for nonsampling errors such as nonresponse errors and coverage errors. Two types of weight-adjustment procedures are commonly used in the context of unit nonresponse: (i) nonresponse propensity weighting followed by calibration, also known as the two-step approach and (ii) nonresponse calibration weighting, also known as the one-step approach. In this article, we discuss both approaches and warn against the potential pitfalls of the one-step procedure. Results from a simulation study, evaluating the properties of several point estimators, are presented.
Synthetic Multiple-Imputation Procedure for Multistage Complex Samples
Authors: Zhou Hanzhi , Elliott Michael R. , Raghunathan Trivellore E.
Published: March 2016

Multiple imputation (MI) is commonly used when item-level missing data are present. However, MI requires that survey design information be built into the imputation models. For multistage stratified clustered designs, this requires dummy variables to represent strata as well as primary sampling units (PSUs) nested within each stratum in the imputation model. Such a modeling strategy is not only operationally burdensome but also inferentially inefficient when there are many strata in the sample design. Complexity only increases when sampling weights need to be modeled. This article develops a generalpurpose analytic strategy for population inference from complex sample designs with item-level missingness. In a simulation study, the proposed procedures demonstrate efficient estimation and good coverage properties. We also consider an application to accommodate missing body mass index (BMI) data in the analysis of BMI percentiles using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III data. We argue that the proposed methods offer an easy-to-implement solution to problems that are not well-handled by current MI techniques. Note that, while the proposed method borrows from the MI framework to develop its inferential methods, it is not designed as an alternative strategy to release multiply imputed datasets for complex sample design data, but rather as an analytic strategy in and of itself.
Social Integration and Sleep Disturbance: A Gene-Environment Interaction Study
Authors: Sbarra David A.
Published: March 2016

Objective: Low levels of perceived social integration, or loneliness, are associated with increased risk for a range of poor health outcomes. Sleep disturbance plays a central role in the evolutionary theory of loneliness, which provides a mechanistic account of how low levels of social integration may negatively impact health. No studies, however, have examined whether the association between social integration and sleep disturbance is consistent with a causal effect after accounting for genes that are common to both variables.

Method: Using twin data (N = 905 twin pairs) from the nationally-representative Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) survey, I evaluated a series of bivariate twin models exploring whether the phenotypic association between low social integration and sleep disturbance can be explained by shared genetics. In addition, the current study specified a series of quantitative models for studying gene x environment (G X E) interactions to determine whether the genetic and environmental influences on sleep disturbance differ as a function of social integration.

Results: The phenotypic association between social integration and sleep disturbance was fully accounted for by genes that are common between the two variables, suggesting that within-twin pair differences in social integration do not exert a causal influence on sleep disturbance. Social integration, however, moderated the non-shared environmental influence on sleep disturbances, with the greatest environmental influences observed at the lowest levels of social integration.

Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that an essential feature of the evolutionary model of loneliness may need refinement or elaboration. The moderation findings are discussed in terms of the fit with a stress-buffering model of social support in which environmental influences on sleep disturbance are strongest when social resources are low.
INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA IN NEONATES AND CHILDREN
Authors: Jeican Ionuţ Isaia , Ichim Gabriela , Gheban Dan
Published: March 2016

The article reviews the intestinal ischemia theme on newborn and children. The intestinal ischemia may be either acute - intestinal infarction (by vascular obstruction or by reduced mesenteric blood flow besides the occlusive mechanism), either chronic.In neonates, acute intestinal ischemia may be caused by aortic thrombosis, volvulus or hypoplastic left heart syndrome.In children, acute intestinal ischemia may be caused by fibromuscular dysplasia, volvulus, abdominal compartment syndrome, Burkitt lymphoma, dermatomyositis (by vascular obstruction) or familial dysautonomia, Addison’s disease, situs inversus abdominus (intraoperative), burns, chemotherapy administration (by nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia). Chronic intestinal ischemia is a rare condition in pediatrics and can be seen in abdominal aortic coarctation or hypoplasia, idiopathic infantile arterial calcinosis.
Prevention of NAFLD development in rats with obesity via the improvement of pro/antioxidant state by cerium dioxide nanoparticles
Authors: Kobyliak Nazarii , Abenavoli Ludovico , Falalyeyeva Tetyana , Virchenko Oleksandr , Natalia Belemets , Beregova Tetyana , Bodnar Petro , Spivak Mykola
Published: March 2016

Background. One of the pathogenic mechanisms of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which in turn aggravates the disease progress. We have investigated novel cerium dioxide nanoparticles (nCeO2) due to their promising antioxidant auto-regenerative ability and low toxicity.Methods. 30 white male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control, monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity and MSG treated with nCeO2 (MSG+nCeO2) groups. Newborn rats of control group were injected with saline (control). MSG- and MSG+nCeO2 groups were injected with MSG (4 mg/g concentration, 8 µl/g volume) between the 2nd and the 10th days of life subcutaneously [13]. At the age of 1 month, rats of group II were administered water 2.9 ml/kg orally, MSG+nCeO2 group received 1 mM solution of nCeO2 1 mg/kg orally. 4-months rats were sacrificed and the liver was harvested for histological and biochemical analysis. To assess the morphological changes in the liver we used NAS (NAFLD activity score). The content of lipid peroxidation products and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the liver were studied by standard biochemical methods [Refs].Results. In 4-month rats we found significantly lower total score (1.3±0.26 vs 3.6±0.34, p<0.001), degree of steatosis (1.1±0.18 vs 2.1±0.18, p<0.001), manifestation of lobular inflammation (0.2±0.13 vs 1.2±0.2, p<0.001) and ballooning degeneration (0.0±0.0 vs 0.3±0.15, p=0.034) due to NAS in the nCeO2 group compared to the MSG-group. nCeO2 significantly decreased lipid peroxidation in the liver tissue, namely it reduced the conjugated dienes content by 27% (p<0.05), TBA-products – by 43% (p<0.05) and Schiff bases – by 21% (p<0.05).Conclusions. Due to its antioxidant properties nCeO2 significantly reduces the incidence of NASH and improves the main NAFLD histological features.
ДЕЯКІ МІКРОМОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ATOCION LITHUANICUM (ZAPAŁ.) TZVEL. ТА A. ARMERIA (L.) RAF. ФЛОРИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Martynyuk V. O. , Karpenko N. I. , Tsarenko O. M.
Published: March 2016

Atocion lithuanicum (Zapał.) Tzvel. (basionym Silene lithuanica Zapał.) is an endemic species of the Polesie, related and morphologically similar to A. armeria (L.) Raf., which naturally occurs in Central and Southern Europe, but is widely cultivated. In Ukraine A. lithuanicum is considered as separate species and included in different issues of nature conservation, but in Europe it is listed as synonym or variety of A. armeria. Thus, the purpose of our investigation was to examine micromorphological features of these taxa to distinguish them. Pollen grains, seeds and leaf surfaces of both Atocion lithuanicum and A. armeria (L.) Raf. were investigated by scanning electron microscopy.

Palynological distinctions between these taxa are associated with the ultrastructure of pollen grains, such as margin of a pollen (smooth or undulate), diameter of pores (3,04-5,22 (3,96±0,57) or 2,62-4,15 (3,47±0,32) µm), microechinate number on the pore (11-20 (25) or 7-14), exine ornamentation (acute, broadly conical spinule or obtuse spinule) and perforation diameter (0,1 or 0,2-0,3 µm).

Seed characteristics such as dimensions (350-570 х 450-630 (468,78±49,2 х 544,84±51,39) in A. lithuanicum or 480-670 х 600-800 (595,67±48,04 х 706,67± 50,26) µm in A. armeria), shape (reniform-circular or reniform-triangular and reniform-circular), dimensions of exotesta cells in distal row (69-160 х 13-28,6 (116,52±21,9 х 20,72±3,99) or 95,6-202,7 х 7,8-40,5 (143,31±27,3 х 28,76±5,05) µm), the number of anticlinal wall teeth (15-24 or 19-29), papilla presence on periclinal wall of lateral and dorsal surfaces (common absent or scarce weakly expressed in A. lithuanicum or usually strongly expressed in A. armeria) also differ these taxa.

Epicuticular wax projections are of different size and shape even on the same lamina, so no significant differences in the leaf surface microcharacteristics were observed.

Thereby, new micromorphological distinctions associated with the ultrastructure of pollen grains and the seeds were demonstrated, which allows to distinguish these taxa.

Key words: Atocion lithuanicum, A. armeria, SЕМ, pollen, seed, lamina
МЕТОДИКИ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ МИГРАЦИЙ ПТИЦ НА ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ ВЕТРОВЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОСТАНЦИЙ
Authors: Gorlov P. I. , Siokhin V. D. , Osadchiy V. V. , Vasilyev V. M. , Matsyura A. V. , Budgey R.
Published: March 2016

The necessity to adapt traditionally accepted methods of ornithological observations for wind powers ecological management suggested on the basis of research carried out in 2009-2015. Some 18 wind powers in the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine were examined. The essence of such adaptations is to consider the filed data on bird behavior in different phases of the annual cycle on the infrastructure of wind turbins in the stages of planning, construction and operation of the wind farm. The long-term observations prove the increasing risks for birds during their seasonal migrations from the wind powers. To assess the possible negative impact of wind farms on the birds we designed author's technique, which served as the basis for the computer program «WebBirds» and multi-threaded Web portal for the transfer, storage, access and processing of bird data.

This adapted methods of collecting field data together with computer program for evaluating the influence of wind farm on the birds and the Web portal for the transmission, storage and processing of data is the basis for the ecological management of wind parks area.

Keywords: birds, wind power, ecological management, Ukraine
Einsatz von Paramunitätsinducern in der Kleintiermedizin
Authors: Proksch A. L. , Hartmann K.
Published: March 2016

Paramunitätsinducer auf der Grundlage von Pockenviren werden seit Jahrzehnten in der Kleintiermedizin verwendet. Sie basieren auf attenuierten und inaktivierten Pockenviren wie Avipoxvirus und Parapoxvirus und werden sowohl prophylaktisch als auch therapeutisch bei verschiedenen Krankheiten eingesetzt. Neben vielfältigen Erfahrungsberichten gibt es nur sehr wenige plazebokontrollierte Studien über ihre Wirksamkeit bei Hund und Katze. Während Paramunitätsinducer eine positive Wirkung auf die Aufzuchtrate von Katzenwelpen und die Heilung von Stomatitiden der Katze zu haben scheinen, konnte bei der Behandlung von kaniner Parvovirose, der Infektion mit dem felinen Leukämievirus oder kaniner Papillomatose kein statistisch signifikanter Effekt nachgewiesen werden. Für diese Einsatzgebiete besitzen Paramunitätsinducer daher offenbar keine klinische Relevanz.
Minimal-invasive interventionelle Verfahren am Urogenitaltrakt von Hund und Katze
Authors: Heilmann R. M.
Published: March 2016

Minimal-invasive interventionelle Verfahren finden in der Kleintiermedizin zunehmend Anwendung. Sie bedienen sich moderner diagnostischer Methoden wie der Fluoroskopie, Sonographie, Endoskopie und Laparoskopie. Insbesondere für die Kleintierurologie sind minimal-invasive Eingriffe attraktiv, da die Therapieoptionen für Erkrankungen des Urogenitaltrakts in der Vergangenheit eher begrenzt bzw. mit relativ hohen Komplikationsraten verbunden waren. Die meisten endourologischen Eingriffe unterliegen einer steilen Lernkurve. Ein entsprechendes Equipment und praktische Ausbildung erlauben ihre Anwendung in der tierärztlichen Praxis. Viele dieser Eingriffe bedürfen allerdings der Überweisung an eine Spezialklinik. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die notwendige technische Ausstattung und die wichtigsten Materialien für die Endourologie sowie über die verschiedenen endourologischen Eingriffe bei Erkrankungen von Niere, Nierenbecken, Harnleiter, Harnblase und Harnröhre bei Hund und Katze.
Trichomes and chemical composition of the volatile oil of Trichogonia cinerea (Gardner) R. M. King & H. Rob. (Eupatorieae, Asteraceae)
Authors: FERNANDES YANNE S. , TRINDADE LUMA M.P. , REZENDE MARIA HELENA , PAULA JOSÉ R. , GONÇALVES LETÍCIA A.
Published: March 2016

Trichogonia cinerea is endemic to Brazil and occurs in areas of cerrado and campo rupestre. In this study, we characterized the glandular and non-glandular trichomes on the aerial parts of this species, determined the principal events in the development of the former, and identified the main constituents of the volatile oil produced in its aerial organs. Fully expanded leaves, internodes, florets, involucral bracts, and stem apices were used for the characterization of trichomes. Leaves, internodes, florets, and involucral bracts were examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, whereas stem apices were examined only by light microscopy. Branches in the reproductive phase were used for the extraction and determination of the composition of the volatile oil. The species has three types of glandular trichomes, biseriate vesicular, biseriate pedunculate, and multicellular uniseriate, which secrete volatile oils and phenolic compounds. The major components identified in the volatile oil were 3,5-muuroladiene (39.56%) and butylated hydroxytoluene (13.07%).
Performance of four ischemic stroke prognostic scores in a Brazilian population
Authors: Kuster Gustavo W. , Dutra Lívia A. , Brasil Israel P. , Pacheco Evelyn P. , Arruda Márcio J. C. , Volcov Cristiane , Domingues Renan B.
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT Objective Ischemic stroke (IS) prognostic scales may help clinicians in their clinical decisions. This study aimed to assess the performance of four IS prognostic scales in a Brazilian population. Method We evaluated data of IS patients admitted at Hospital Paulistano, a Joint Commission International certified primary stroke center. In-hospital mortality and modified Rankin score at discharge were defined as the outcome measures. The performance of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Stroke Prognostication Using Age and NIHSS (SPAN-100), Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne (ASTRAL), and Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events (THRIVE) were compared. Results Two hundred six patients with a mean ± SD age of 67.58 ± 15.5 years, being 55.3% male, were included. The four scales were significantly and independently associated functional outcome. Only THRIVE was associated with in-hospital mortality. With area under the curve THRIVE and NIHSS were the scales with better performance for functional outcome and THRIVE had the best performance for mortality. Conclusion THRIVE showed the best performance among the four scales, being the only associated with in-hospital mortality.
Extratemporal abnormalities in phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of patients with mesial temporal sclerosis
Authors: Park Eun Joo , Otaduy Maria Concepción Garcia , Lyra Katarina Paz de , Andrade Celi Santos , Castro Luiz Henrique Martins , Passarelli Valmir , Valerio Rosa Maria Figueiredo , Jorge Carmen Lisa , Tsunemi Miriam Harumi , Leite Claudia da Costa
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT Objective We evaluated extratemporal metabolic changes with phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in patients with unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). Method 31P-MRS of 33 patients with unilateral MTS was compared with 31 controls. The voxels were selected in the anterior, posterior insula-basal ganglia (AIBG, PIBG) and frontal lobes (FL). Relative values of phosphodiesters- PDE, phosphomonoesters-PME, inorganic phosphate - Pi, phosphocreatine- PCr, total adenosine triphosphate [ATPt = γ- + a- + b-ATP] and the ratios PCr/ATPt, PCr/γ-ATP, PCr/Pi and PME/PDE were obtained. Results We found energetic abnormalities in the MTS patients compared to the controls with Pi reduction bilaterally in the AIBG and ipsilaterally in the PIBG and the contralateral FL; there was also decreased PCr/γ-ATP in the ipsilateral AIBG and PIBG. Increased ATPT in the contralateral AIBG and increased γ-ATP in the ipsilateral PIBG were detected. Conclusion Widespread energy dysfunction was detected in patients with unilateral MTS.
Main determinants of physical activity levels in individuals with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Lana Raquel de Carvalho , Araujo Lysandra Nogueira de , Cardoso Francisco , Rodrigues-de-Paula Fátima
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the relationship between patient characteristics, factors associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and physical activity level of individuals affected by the disease. Forty-six volunteers with mild-to-moderate idiopathic PD were assessed using sections II/III of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and their motor functions were classified according to the modified Hoehn and Yahr (HY) scale. Data such as age, disease duration, the Human Activity Profile (HAP), the Fatigue Severity Scale were collected. Lower limb bradykinesia and clinical subtypes of PD were defined. Two models that explained 76% of the variance of the HAP were used. The first comprised age, ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL), and the HY scale; the second comprised age, ability to perform ADL, and lower limb bradykinesia. Possible modifiable factors such as the ability to perform ADL and lower limb bradykinesia were identified as predictors of physical activity level of individuals with PD.
STUDY ON THE SUGAR-ACID RATIO AND RELEVANT METABOLIZING ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN NAVEL ORANGE FRUITS FROM DIFFERENT ECO-REGIONS
Authors: RONGGAO GONG , WEI YANG , ZHIHUI WANG , MINGAN LIAO , GUOLU LIANG
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT The flavor quality of citrus fruits is largely determined by the sugar-acid ratio, but it remains uncertain how sugar- and/or acid-metabolizing enzymes regulate the sugar-acid ratio of navel oranges and further affect the fruit quality. In the present study, Robertson navel oranges (Citrus sinesis Osb.) were collected from six representative habitats in three eco-regions of Sichuan, China. The changes in the sugar-acid ratio and the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS), cytosolic cio-aconitase (ACO), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) were examined in navel oranges during fruit development. The results indicated that the sugar-acid ratio of fruits in different eco-regions changed significantly from 150 days after full bloom. The SPS and cytosolic ACO fruit activities had minor changes among different ecoregions throughout the experimental periods, whereas the activities of SS and IDH changed significantly in fruits among three eco-regions. Furthermore, the sugar-acid ratio and the activities of SS in the synthetic direction and IDH were the highest in south subtropics and the lowest in north mid-subtropics, probably due to the effects of climate conditions and/or other relevant eco-factors. It demonstrated that SS in the synthetic direction and IDH were of greater importance in regulating the sugar-acid ratio of navel oranges in different eco-regions, which provided new insights into the factors that determine the flavor quality of navel oranges and valuable data for guiding relevant agricultural practices.
DIETARY FIBRE CONTENT, PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN SOURSOPS (Annona muricata L.)
Authors: SIQUEIRA AMANDA DE MORAIS OLIVEIRA , MOREIRA ALDENISE CHAGAS CURVÊLO GONÇALVES , MELO ENAYDE DE ALMEIDA , STAMFORD THAYZA CHRISTINA MONTENEGRO , STAMFORD TÂNIA LÚCIA MONTENEGRO
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT Healthy eating is associated with the consumption of fruits, which are notable for their beneficial effects on human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proximate composition, composition of fibers and components with antioxidant activity in soursops varieties Crioula, Lisa and Morada of physiological maturity (PM) and mature (M). The protein, lipid and moisture contents did not differ between soursop varieties, but the ash contents were higher in the Morada-PM (0.56%±0.03) and the Morada-M (0.82%±0.10) varieties. The Crioula-M variety showed higher levels of total dietary fibre (5.76%±0.12). The Lisa-M variety showed higher levels of insoluble dietary fibre (4.46%±0.00). The Lisa-M variety also showed a higher level of phenolic compounds (284.25 mg gallic acid/100 g of soursop pulp), differing significantly (p <0.05) from the Crioula-PM soursop (154.40 mg of gallic acid/100 g of soursop pulp). Under the DPPH• system, the soursops that showed highest antioxidant activity were the Crioula-M (EC50 of 156.40 g.g DPPH-1) and the Crioula-PM (EC50 of 162.41 g.g DPPH-1), which differed significantly from the Morada soursops. The results suggest that the consumption of soursops is useful for increasing concentrations of bioactive compounds and dietary fibre.
AVALIAÇÃO FENOLÓGICA DAS DIFERENTES ESTRUTURAS DE FRUTIFICAÇÃO DAS MACIEIRAS 'GALA' E 'FUJI' NA REGIÃO DE CAÇADOR-SC
Authors: FRANCESCATTO POLIANA , PETRI JOSÉ LUIZ , RACSKO JOZSEF , COUTO MARCELO , SILVA APARECIDO LIMA DA
Published: March 2016

RESUMO A macieira apresenta duas fases que caracterizam seu ciclo anual: a de repouso hibernal e a de crescimento vegetativo e reprodutivo. A importância em se conhecer ainfluência das condições climáticas sobre os processos reprodutivos das plantas e em desenvolver tecnologias que minimizem os possíveis efeitos aumenta à medida que as projeções de aquecimento global se tornampreocupantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o comportamento dos principais eventos fenológicos da macieira, da brotação à colheita, nas diferentes estruturas de frutificação, sob as condiçõesclimáticas do Sul do Brasil. O estudo experimental foi conduzido na Estação Experimental da Epagri (26°50’S, 50°58’W, altitude 950 m), durante os ciclos de 2011/12 e 2013/2014. As cultivares estudadas foram Gala e Fuji,com nove anos de idade, ambas sobre o porta-enxerto M9. O desenvolvimento fenológico foi observado nas diferentes estruturas de frutificação da macieira: gema de esporão, gema terminal de brindila e gemaaxilar de brindilas. As mesmas foram comparadas através dos dias e da exigência térmica necessários para a transição dos estádios, sendo contabilizados a partir do tratamento de quebra de dormência. As diferençasencontradas no início da brotação e do florescimento, entre as estruturas, dependeram consideravelmente das condições climáticas do ano em questão. Sob condições de altas temperaturas após o tratamento de quebra dedormência, houve maior sincronia fenológica entre as estruturas, sendo que sob baixas temperaturas se observou maior variabilidade dos estádios entre as mesmas. A partir do tratamento de quebra de dormência,gemas de esporões necessitam de menor acúmulo térmico para brotar, principalmente esporões de ‘Gala’ e gemas terminais de brindilas necessitam de maior acúmulo térmico que gemas de esporões para dar início aoflorescimento.
GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF CACAO SEEDLINGS INFLUENCED BY ZINC APLICATION IN SOIL
Authors: CRUZ NETO RAIMUNDO DE OLIVEIRA , SOUZA JÚNIOR JOSÉ OLIMPIO DE , SODRÉ GEORGE ANDRADE , BALIGAR VIRUPAX CHANABASAPPA
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT Levels of Zn in tropical soils profoundly influences growth and nutrition of tree crops. Research was undertaken to assess the effect of soil Zn on growth and nutrition of clonal cacao tree seedlings of PH 16. Three acidic Oxisol soils differing in texture were used with nine doses of Zn (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 48, and 64 mg dm-3). Rooted clonal seedlings were grown in plastic pot with 11 dm-3 of the soils at varying Zn levels for 240 days. At harvest growth (dry matter mass of leaves, stems, shoots, roots, and total) and nutrient concentrations were determined. The clonal cacao seedlings showed differences for production of dry matter mass and foliar nutrient concentrations for P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu. There was Zn toxicity in all soils.
MICROJARDIM CLONAL DE MIRTILEIRO EM SISTEMAS DE CULTIVO SEM SOLO
Authors: AFFONSO LUANA BORGES , PEIL ROBERTA MARINS NOGUEIRA , SCHUCH MÁRCIA WULFF , CAPPELLARO THAÍS HELENA , OZELAME GENIANE LOPES CARVALHO
Published: March 2016

RESUMO O uso de microjardins clonais em sistemas de cultivo sem solo para fornecimento de material propagativo na cultura do mirtileiro (Vaccinium spp.) pode trazer grandes avanços na produção de mudas dessa cultura. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a produção de microestacas e a sobrevivência de plantas matrizes de mirtileiro micropropagadas das cultivares Woodard e Aliceblue, em dois sistemas de cultivo. Os sistemas de cultivo utilizados foram o semi-hidropônico (floreiras com substrato de areia e fornecimento diário de solução nutritiva) e o com substrato organomineral (sacos plásticos com substrato comercial e fornecimento de solução nutritiva a cada 15 dias). Após o período de 90 dias do plantio das plantas matrizes, foram iniciadas as coletas de microestacas, as quais foram realizadas a cada 60 dias, com exceção do período de inverno, em que as coletas foram realizadas a cada 90 dias, totalizando ao final do experimento onze coletas. O experimento foi constituído como um fatorial 2 x 2 x 11 (sistemas x cultivares x coletas), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições de 12 plantas cada. Foram avaliadas a produção total de microestacas ao final das onze coletas, o número de microestacas produzidas por planta matriz a cada coleta, a sobrevivência das plantas matrizes ao final das onze coletas e a sobrevivência das plantas matrizes a cada coleta. Os resultados indicaram que o sistema semi-hidropônico foi superior ao substrato organomineral para a produção de microestacas de ambas as cultivares. A maior produtividade total de microestacas ocorreu no sistema semi-hidropônico combinado com a cultivar Aliceblue, com produção total média de 237,67 microestacas. Porém, nesta condição, houve menor sobrevivência das plantas matrizes. A produção de microestacas apresentou alternância ao longo das coletas. A sobrevivência das plantas matrizes diminuiu após sucessivas coletas. Após as coletas de verão, ocorreu maior mortalidade de plantas matrizes.
REPETIBILIDADE DE CARACTERES DE FRUTO EM PESSEGUEIRO
Authors: MATIAS ROSANA GONÇALVES PIRES , BRUCKNER CLAUDIO HORST , SILVA DANIELLE FABÍOLA PEREIRA DA , CARNEIRO PEDRO CRESCÊNCIO SOUZA , SILVA JOSÉ OSMAR DA COSTA E
Published: March 2016

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os coeficientes de repetibilidade em cultivares de pessegueiro e nectarineira e predizer o número de medições necessárias para asprincipais características de fruto. Em três ciclos, avaliaram-se quatorze características químicas e físicas de frutos. Para a estimativa dos coeficientes de repetibilidade, do número de medições necessárias e do coeficiente de determinação, foi utilizado o método da análise de variância (ANOVA). Determinou-se, para cada característica, o número mínimo de medições, para predizer o valor real das cultivares. Observou-se variabilidade genética entre os genótipos. As estimativas de repetibilidade foram elevadas, o que mostra a regularidade das cultivares. Para predizer o valor real dos caracteres de fruto com confiabilidade acima de 80%, são necessários a realização de medições em quatro frutos e quatro anos de avaliação.
RESISTÊNCIA BIOLÓGICA E COLORIMETRIA DA MADEIRA TERMORRETIFICADA DE DUAS ESPÉCIES DE EUCALIPTO1
Authors: Lazarotto Marília , Cava Sérgio da Silva , Beltrame Rafael , Gatto Darci Alberto , Missio André Luiz , Gomes Letícia Grellert , Mattoso Taline Rodrigues
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Os objetivos deste estudo foram os seguintes: a) observar o efeito de termorretificação sobre a durabilidade natural da madeira de Eucalyptus tereticornis e Corymbia citriodora após ataque de fungos causadores de podridão-branca (Trametes versicolor eGanoderma applanatum); b) avaliar parâmetros colorimétricos após a submissão das madeiras a tratamentos térmicos e aos fungos T. versicolor e G. applanatum. Para realização do estudo, corpos de prova de ambas as espécies foram submetidos aos tratamentos: T1 - testemunha; T2 - autoclave (120 °C) a 1,5 kgf/cm2 durante 1 h; T3 - estufa laboratorial (180 °C) por 4 h; e T4 - térmico combinado [120 °C (1 h) + 180 °C (4 h)]. Posteriormente, os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao apodrecimento acelerado, sendo expostos às duas espécies de fungos por 16 semanas. Após esse período, foram avaliadas a perda de massa e as variáveis colorimétricas, através dos parâmetros L*, a*, b*, C* e hº antes e depois do ataque pelos fungos. De acordo com os resultados, E. tereticornis e C. citriodora foram classificados como altamente resistentes a fungos apodrecedores, exceto no tratamento testemunha de C. citriodora submetido ao ataque de G. applanatum, o qual foi classificado como resistente. Com os tratamentos T3 e T4, a perda de massa foi reduzida em ambas as espécies de madeira. As maiores mudanças nos parâmetros colorimétricos ocorreram devido ao tratamento térmico e à pouca variação observada com o ataque dos fungos apodrecedores. Houve redução da variável claridade (L*) e queda das matrizes vermelho (a*) e amarelo (b*), razão por que o tratamento térmico mostrou-se como alternativa para proteção e escurecimento da madeira de eucalipto, tornando-a mais próxima de padrões de coloração de madeiras nobres.
Desigualdade educacional na ocorrência de obesidade abdominal por gênero e cor/raça: Estudo Pró-Saúde, 1999-2001 e 2011-2012
Authors: Alves Ronaldo Fernandes Santos , Faerstein Eduardo
Published: March 2016

Resumo Análise de dados seccionais do Estudo Pró-Saúde (1999-2001 e 2011-2012) revelou importante diferença de gênero e cor/raça na magnitude e variação temporal da desigualdade educacional na obesidade abdominal. Probabilidade de estar obeso foi gradativamente maior em mulheres (independentemente de cor/raça) e homens (pardos/pretos) menos escolarizados. Tais gradientes foram quantificados pelo índice relativo de desigualdade (IRD). Ao longo da década, observou-se redução da desigualdade em mulheres pardas/pretas (ΔIRD: 0,5; IC95%: 0,2-1,1), subjacente ao relativo aumento da prevalência de obesidade abdominal entre as mais escolarizadas. Houve estabilidade do IRD em mulheres brancas e homens pardos/pretos, indicando crescimento similar da prevalência de obesidade abdominal nos subgrupos educacionais. Associação da escolaridade com a ocorrência de obesidade abdominal sofreu interação múltipla de fatores sociodemográficos. Nossos resultados encorajam a estratificação conjunta por gênero e cor/raça no estudo das desigualdades socioeconômicas na ocorrência da obesidade abdominal.
O regime de previdência dos servidores públicos: Implicações distributivas com base na instituição de um teto nos valores dos benefícios e da criação da FUNPRESP
Authors: Rangel Leonardo Alves , Saboia João
Published: March 2016

Resumo: O sistema brasileiro de Previdência Social é composto de dois grandes regimes, um para trabalhadores do setor privado (Regime Geral) e outro para servidores públicos (Regimes Próprios), que possuem regras diferentes. A Lei nº12.618/2012 instituiu teto para aposentadorias e pensões dos servidores federais e criou sua previdência complementar. Essas alterações possuem, potencialmente, implicações distributivas. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as implicações distributivas a partir dessas alterações. A metodologia usada decompõe os fatores do Coeficiente de Gini da distribuição do rendimento domiciliar per capita observada na PNAD de 2011, com ênfase no componente da renda previdenciária. Conclui que os benefícios superiores ao teto do Regime Geral são altamente regressivos e que a limitação no valor dos benefícios tem potencial de melhorar o perfil distributivo do gasto público com previdência, mas sem gerar grandes impactos no Gini da distribuição de renda.
Correlation between the Mechanical Properties and Structural Characteristics of Different Fiber Posts Systems
Authors: Novais Veridiana Resende , Rodrigues Renata Borges , Simamoto Júnior Paulo Cezar , Lourenço Correr-Sobrinho , Soares Carlos José
Published: March 2016

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the flexural strength and flexural modulus of different fiber-reinforcement composite (FRC) posts and determine the correlation between mechanical properties and structural characteristics. Eleven brands of fiber posts were analyzed (n=10): Exacto Cônico (Angelus), DT Light SL (VDW), RelyX Fiber Post (3M-Espe), Glassix Radiopaque (Nordim), Para Post Fiber White (Coltène), FRC Postec Plus (Ivoclar), Aestheti-Plus Post (Bisco), Superpost Cônico Estriado (Superdont), Superpost Ultrafine (Superdont), Reforpost (Angelus), and White Post DC (FGM). The posts were loaded in three-point bending test to calculate the flexural strength and flexural modulus using a mechanical testing machine (EMIC 2000 DL) at 0.5 mm/min. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Scott-Knot test (p<0.05). The cross-sections of the posts were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Correlation between the mechanical properties and each of the structural variables was calculated by Pearson's correlation coefficients (p<0.05). The flexural strength values ranged from 493 to 835 MPa and were directly correlated with the fiber/matrix ratio (p=0.011). The flexural modulus ranged from 4500 to 8824 MPa and was inversely correlated with the number of fibers per mm2 of post (p<0.001). It was concluded that the structural characteristics significantly affected the properties of the FRC posts. The structural characteristic and mechanical properties of fiber glass posts are manufacture-dependent. A linear correlation between flexural strength and fiber/matrix ratio, as well as the flexural modulus and the amount of fiber was found.
Association between Dental Caries and Socioeconomic Factors in Schoolchildren - A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Engelmann Janessa Luiza , Tomazoni Fernanda , Oliveira Marta Dutra Machado , Ardenghi Thiago M.
Published: March 2016

Abstract This study aimed to assess the association between dental caries, socioeconomic individual and contextual factors in 12-years-old children. A representative sample of 1,134 children enrolled in public schools from Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, was obtained from a multistage random sampling. Four calibrated dentists examined participants at schools. Data about dental caries (DMF-T index) and dental plaque (present or absent) were assessed. Children's parents or guardians answered questions regarding their demographics and socioeconomic status. Context variables were also collected from official publications of the city. Data analyses were performed using multilevel logistic regression models. Caries prevalence in this sample (DMF-T≥1) was 49.9% (95%CI: 45.05% - 54.77%), and mean DMF-T was 1.15 (95%CI: 1.01-1.29) with 0.068 standard error. Children of the 3rd and 2nd tertile of income represented by the rich and intermediate categories, showed, respectively, a 50% (OR 0.50: CI95 % 0.35-0.71) and 39% (OR 0.61: CI95% 0.45-0.82) lower chance to present untreated caries compared with the poorest portion of the sample represented by the 1st tertile of income. Regarding the context covariates, children from lower income neighborhood presented a higher chance for having untreated dental caries compared with their counterpart (OR 1.70: CI95% 1.19 to 2.43). Inequalities in the distribution of dental caries continue affecting children from poorer socioeconomic profiles. There is need for planning public interventions for oral health promotion that take into account individual and contextual socioeconomic characteristics.
Effect of Time Lapse on the Diagnostic Accuracy of Cone Beam Computed Tomography for Detection of Vertical Root Fractures
Authors: Eskandarloo Amir , Asl Amin Mahdavi , Jalalzadeh Mohsen , Tayari Maryam , Hosseinipanah Mohammad , Fardmal Javad , Shokri Abbas
Published: March 2016

Abstract Accurate and early diagnosis of vertical root fractures (VRFs) is imperative to prevent extensive bone loss and unnecessary endodontic and prosthodontic treatments. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of time lapse on the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for VRFs in endodontically treated dog's teeth. Forty-eight incisors and premolars of three adult male dogs underwent root canal therapy. The teeth were assigned to two groups: VRFs were artificially induced in the first group (n=24) while the teeth in the second group remained intact (n=24). The CBCT scans were obtained by NewTom 3G unit immediately after inducing VRFs and after one, two, three, four, eight, 12 and 16 weeks. Three oral and maxillofacial radiologists blinded to the date of radiographs assessed the presence/absence of VRFs on CBCT scans. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values were calculated and data were analyzed using SPSS v.16 software and ANOVA. The total accuracy of detection of VRFs immediately after surgery, one, two, three, four, eight, 12 and 16 weeks was 67.3%, 68.7%, 66.6%, 64.6%, 64.5%, 69.4%, 68.7%, 68% respectively. The effect of time lapse on detection of VRFs was not significant (p>0.05). Overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CBCT for detection of VRFs were 74.3%, 62.2%, 67.2% respectively. Cone beam computed tomography is a valuable tool for detection of VRFs. Time lapse (four months) had no effect on detection of VRFs on CBCT scans.
Fluoride-Releasing Materials to Prevent White Spot Lesions around Orthodontic Brackets: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nascimento Patrícia Layane de Menezes Macêdo , Fernandes Micaelle Tenório Guedes , Figueiredo Fabricio Eneas Diniz de , Faria-e-Silva André Luis
Published: March 2016

Abstract The relation between orthodontic fixed appliances use and enamel demineralization is well established. Different preventive approaches have been suggested to this problem, but controversy remains about which is the best. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of clinical trials that investigated the effectiveness of materials containing fluorides to lute brackets or cover the bonding interface in order to inhibit the development and progression of white spot lesions. The null hypothesis was that fluoride materials do not affect the incidence of white spot lesions around brackets. A MEDLINE search was conducted for randomized clinical trials evaluating the development of white spot lesions in patients using fixed orthodontic appliances, followed by meta-analysis comparing the results for patients for whom dental materials containing fluorides were used (experimental group) to those for whom these materials were not used (control group). The pooled relative risk of developing white spot lesions for the experimental group was 0.42 (95% confidence interval: 0.25 to 0.72); hence, when fluoride-releasing materials are used, the patient has 58% less risk of white spot lesion development. Regarding white spot lesion extent, the pooled mean difference between the experimental and control groups was not statistically significant (-0.12; 95% confidence interval: -0.29 to 0.04). In conclusion, the results of the present systematic review suggest that fluoride-releasing materials can reduce the risk of white spot lesions around brackets. However, when white spot lesions had already occurred, there is no evidence that fluoride-releasing materials reduce the extent of these lesions.
Effect of Argon Plasma on Root Dentin after Use of 6% NaOCl
Authors: Prado Maíra do , Roizenblit Rafael Nigri , Pacheco Laura Villela , Barbosa Carlos Augusto de Melo , Lima Carolina Oliveira de , Simão Renata Antoun
Published: March 2016

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of argon plasma on dentin surface after use of 6% NaOCl. Sixty bovine incisors had their crowns removed, the roots split, and the segments planed. One hundred twenty segments of the cervical third were used. The samples were divided in two groups (n=60): Control group: immersed in 6% NaOCl, washed, dried and then immersed in 17% EDTA, washed and dried and Argon group: after treatment described for the Control group, non-thermal argon plasma was applied for 30 s. Ten samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy in each group. Other ten samples were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thirty samples were analyzed with a goniometer to measure the contact angle between the dentin surfaces and solutions, to determine the surface free energy. The last ten samples were used to evaluate the wettability of AH Plus sealer. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.05). The results of this study showed that argon plasma did not modify the surface topography. FTIR analysis showed chemical modifications after plasma treatment. Argon plasma increased the surface free energy of dentin and AH Plus wettability. In conclusion, argon plasma treatment modified chemically the dentin surface. This treatment increased the surface free energy and wettability of an epoxy resin root canal sealer, favoring its bonding to dentin surfaces.
Survival of Restored Endodontically Treated Teeth in Relation to Periodontal Status
Authors: Skupien Jovito Adiel , Opdam Niek J. , Winnen Rolf , Bronkhorst Ewald M. , Kreulen Cees M. , Pereira-Cenci Tatiana , Huysmans Marie-Charlotte
Published: March 2016

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the success and survival of restored endodontically treated teeth (ETT) in a general practice environment related to periodontal parameters. Data from 360 restored ETT treated between 2000 and 2011 were collected. Dates of interventions like restorations, repairs, replacements and extractions were recorded. Additionally, general information about patients and dentitions as well as periodontal status was recorded. Success was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier statistics and a multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to assess variables influencing success and survival. After a mean observation time of 4.34 years (range 0.6 - 11.6 years), 19 teeth were extracted and 27 restorations needed repair or replacement. According to the Cox regression, increasing maximum pocket depth of the tooth resulted in a higher risk for failure (p=0.012). In conclusion, periodontal pocket depth was found to be a significant factor in the survival of restored ETT.