bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispute Settlement Reports 2005
Authors: World Trade Organization
Published: December 2017

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers, and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 2005:XIV reports on European Communities - Export Subsidies on Sugar: Complaint by Brazil and Thailand.
Dispute Settlement Reports 2006
Authors: World Trade Organization
Published: December 2017

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers, and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. Among others, DSR 2006:I reports on Mexico – Tax Measures on Soft Drinks and Other Beverages.
INSIGHTS FROM THE FRONT LINES: A COLLECTION OF STORIES OF HTA IMPACT FROM INAHTA MEMBER AGENCIES
Authors: Schuller Tara , Söderholm Werkö Sophie
Published: December 2017

This mini-theme contains six stories of health technology assessment (HTA) impact from member agencies of The International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA), which were originally shared at the 2015 and 2016 INAHTA Congresses. The INAHTA impact story sharing is an innovative network activity where member agency representatives share experiences of HTA impact in a loosely structured story format. Through this process, members gain insights from other agencies on new ways of thinking about and approaching HTA impact assessment. A guide is provided to members to prepare their story, and the best story receives the David Hailey Award for Best Impact Story. This mini-theme contains stories of HTA impact from six member agencies in different parts of the world: the Health Assessment Division of the Ministry of Public Health (Uruguay), the Institute of Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (Germany), the Health Information and Quality Authority (Ireland), the Finnish Office for Health Technology Assessment (Finland), the Australian Safety and Efficacy Register of New Interventional Procedures-Surgical (Australia), and the Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (Canada). Across the papers, common themes emerge about the importance of appropriate engagement of stakeholders and the broadening scope of HTA beyond reimbursement decision making.
QTL analysis of cocoon shell weight identifies BmRPL18 associated with silk protein synthesis in silkworm by pooling sequencing
Authors: Li Chunlin , Tong Xiaoling , Zuo Weidong , Luan Yue , Gao Rui , Han Minjin , Xiong Gao , Gai Tingting , Hu Hai , Dai Fangyin , Lu Cheng
Published: December 2017

Mechanisms that regulate silk protein synthesis provide the basis for silkworm variety breeding and silk gland bioreactor optimization. Here, using the pooling sequencing-based methodology, we deciphered the genetic basis for the varied silk production in different silkworm strains. We identified 8 SNPs, with 6 on chromosome 11 and 1 each on chromosomes 22 and 23, that were linked with silk production. After conducting an association analysis between gene expression pattern, silk gland development and cocoon shell weight (CSW), BMGN011620 was found to be regulating silk production. BMGN011620 encodes the 60S ribosomal protein, L18, which is an indispensable component of the 60S ribosomal subunit; therefore we named it BmRPL18. Moreover, the clustering of linked SNPs on chromosome 11 and the analysis of differentially expressed genes reported in previous Omics studies indicated that the genes regulating silk protein synthesis may exhibit a clustering distribution in the silkworm genome. These results collectively advance our understanding of the regulation of silk production, including the role of ribosomal proteins and the clustered distribution of genes involved in silk protein synthesis.
Beta oscillations in major depression – signalling a new cortical circuit for central executive function
Authors: Li Yuezhi , Kang Cheng , Wei Zhaoguo , Qu Xingda , Liu Tiebang , Zhou Yunfei , Hu Yong
Published: December 2017

This study aimed to examine alterations in electroencephalography (EEG) phase synchronization in working memory processing in depressed patients. Sixty-four-channel EEG signals were recorded from 33 depressed patients and 32 healthy controls during a visual n-back task. Alterations in functional connections in the patients were investigated using event-related phase coherence in terms of the phase synchronization index (PSI). Compared with the control subjects, the depressed patients showed a lower task-dependent increase in the PSI of delta, theta, and alpha oscillations in a frontoparietal network, but a higher task-dependent increase in the PSI of beta oscillations in the frontoparietal network. Additionally, depressed patients showed a lower task-dependent decrease in the PSI of delta, theta, alpha, and beta oscillations in centro-parieto-occipital sites. Insufficient phase synchronization and desynchronization during working memory processing reflects impairments in cortical inhibition, memory, and attention efficiency in major depression, while the abnormal increase in phase synchronization in beta oscillations in the frontoparietal network may indicate a new cortical circuit concerned with the repair of impaired ability in attention, memory retention, and working memory central executive processing. These findings present a compensatory mechanism for impaired cognitive function in major depression, and advance our understanding of functional aspect of beta oscillations.
Cerebellar-dependent associative learning is impaired in very preterm born children and young adults
Authors: Tran Liliane , Huening Britta M. , Kaiser Olaf , Schweiger Bernd , Sirin Selma , Quick Harald H. , Felderhoff-Mueser Ursula , Timmann Dagmar
Published: December 2017

Preterm birth incorporates an increased risk for cerebellar developmental disorders likely contributing to motor and cognitive abnormalities. Experimental evidence of cerebellar dysfunction in preterm subjects, however, is sparse. In this study, classical eyeblink conditioning was used as a marker of cerebellar dysfunction. Standard delay conditioning was investigated in 20 adults and 32 preschool children born very preterm. Focal lesions were excluded based on structural magnetic resonance imaging. For comparison, an equal number of matched term born healthy peers were tested. Subgroups of children (12 preterm, 12 controls) were retested. Preterm subjects acquired significantly less conditioned responses (CR) compared to controls with slower learning rates. A likely explanation for these findings is that preterm birth impedes function of the cerebellum even in the absence of focal cerebellar lesions. The present findings are consistent with the assumption that prematurity results in long-term detrimental effects on the integrity of the cerebellum. It cannot be excluded, however, that extra-cerebellar pathology contributed to the present findings.
Diamondoid architectures from halogen-bonded halides
Authors: Gunawardana C. A. , Đaković M. , Aakeröy C. B.
Published: December 2017

Halide ions and tetraiodoethynyl-featured tetraphenylmethane are successfully assembled into robust diamond-like networks in the presence of tetraphenylphosphonium cations.
Crystal structures and phase transformation of two novel solvates of valnemulin hydrochloride
Authors: Ouyang Jinbo , Na Bing , Zhou Limin , Xiao Saijin , Xiong Guoxuan , Jin Tianxiang
Published: December 2017

The crystal structures and phase transformation of two novel solvates of valnemulin hydrochloride have been studied.
Single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformation and dissolution–recrystallization structural transformation (DRST) among three new copper(ii) coordination polymers
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Feng , Yan Tong , Wang Tao , Feng Jing , Wang Quan , Wang Xiao , Du Lin , Zhao Qi-Hua
Published: December 2017

Three new copper(ii) complexes with single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformation and dissolution–recrystallization structural transformation (DRST) have been synthesized and fully characterized.
Probing the effect of different graphitic nitrogen sites on the aerobic oxidation of thiols to disulfides: a DFT study
Authors: Vijaya Sundar J. , Kamaraj M. , Subramanian V.
Published: December 2017

An attempt has been made to investigate the possibility of utilizing nitrogen doped graphene for the aerobic oxidation of thiols to disulfides using density functional theory.
Model of protocell compartments – dodecyl hydrogen sulfate vesicles
Authors: Liu Bin , Gao Meihua , Li Haiping , Liu Jianqiang , Yuan Shiling , Du Na , Hou Wanguo
Published: December 2017

It is the first time to report simple single-alkyl sulfonic acid vesicles functioning as a model of protocell compartments.
Structural changes of water molecules during photoelectrochemical water oxidation on TiO2 thin film electrodes
Authors: Ranasinghe Chandana Sampath Kumara , Yamakata Akira
Published: December 2017

Hydrogen bonding networks at the water/TiO2 interface were heavily disrupted and an isolated OH band appeared during photoelectrochemical water oxidation.
ZnWO4 nanocrystals: synthesis, morphology, photoluminescence and photocatalytic properties
Authors: Pereira P. F. S. , Gouveia A. F. , Assis M. , de Oliveira R. C. , Pinatti I. M. , Penha M. , Gonçalves R. F. , Gracia L. , Andrés J. , Longo E.
Published: December 2017

The best photocatalytic properties for monoclinic ZnWO4 nanocrystals are related to the surface energy and the types of clusters formed on their surface.
Supramolecular frameworks based on 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrins
Authors: Morshedi Mahbod , Ward Jas S. , Kruger Paul E. , White Nicholas G.
Published: December 2017

Hydrogen bonding is used to prepare porphyrin-containing supramolecular frameworks.
Designing the crystalline structure of calcium phosphate seed minerals in organic templates for sustainable phosphorus management
Authors: Kim Doyoon , Wu Tong , Cohen Melanie , Jeon Inhyeong , Jun Young-Shin
Published: December 2017

Engineering nucleation kinetics of calcium phosphate as seed minerals in an organic template facilitates a sustainable phosphorus management.
Engineering reaction–diffusion networks with properties of neural tissue
Authors: Litschel Thomas , Norton Michael M. , Tserunyan Vardges , Fraden Seth
Published: December 2017

The application of soft lithography to create reaction–diffusion networks capable of generating spatiotemporal patterns analogous to biological central pattern generators.
Construction of a sensitive non-enzymatic fructose carbon paste electrode – CuO nanoflower: designing the experiments by response surface methodology
Authors: Amani-Beni Zahra , Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh Alireza
Published: December 2017

CuO nano-flowers were synthesized and used to modify a carbon paste electrode (CPE) for voltammetric determination of fructose.
A new pnictidehalide with van der Waals host–guest interactions exhibiting both geometric spin frustration and resistive humidity sensitivity
Authors: Peng Si-Yan , Yang Liu-Sai , Yao Ming-Shui , Yu Le-Shu
Published: December 2017

The structure and electric and magnetic properties of a new metal pnictidehalide (Hg6P4)(CrCl6)Cl are reported in detail. The weak van der Waals interactions in its structure are responsible for its geometric spin frustration and good resistive humidity sensitivity.
New coordination polymers based on 2-methylimidazole and transition metal nitroprusside containing building blocks: synthesis, structure and magnetic properties
Authors: Di Santo A. , Osiry H. , Reguera E. , Alborés P. , Carbonio R. E. , Ben Altabef A. , Gil Diego M.
Published: December 2017

In this study, we report the synthesis, structural and magnetic properties of coordination polymers based on transition metal nitroprussides and 2-methylimidazole as ligands.
A colorimetric sensor of H2O2 based on Co3O4–montmorillonite nanocomposites with peroxidase activity
Authors: Zhu Xixi , Chen Wei , Wu Kaili , Li Hongyu , Fu Min , Liu Qingyun , Zhang Xiao
Published: December 2017

Schematic of the colorimetric detection of H2O2 catalyzed using Co3O4–MMT NPs.
Synthesis of u-channelled spherical Fex(CoyNi1−y)100−x Janus colloidal particles with excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance
Authors: Li Hao , Cao Zhenming , Lin Jiayao , Zhao Hui , Jiang Qiaorong , Jiang Zhiyuan , Liao Honggang , Kuang Qin , Xie Zhaoxiong
Published: December 2017

A confined liquid–solid redox reaction strategy has been developed to fabricate Fex(CoyNi1−y)100−x Janus particles with broadband microwave absorption.
Synthesis of gallium oxynitride nanoparticles through hydrothermal reaction in the presence of acetylene black and their photocatalytic NOx decomposition
Authors: Asakura Yusuke , Inaguma Yoshiyuki , Ueda Koichiro , Masubuchi Yuji , Yin Shu
Published: December 2017

Gallium oxynitride nanoparticles were synthesized through hydrothermal treatment in the presence of acetylene black, calcination, and nitridation.
Dependence of the friction strengthening of graphene on velocity
Authors: Zeng Xingzhong , Peng Yitian , Liu Lei , Lang Haojie , Cao Xing'an
Published: December 2017

Graphene shows great potential applications as a solid lubricant in micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS).
Temperature dependent electronic band structure of wurtzite GaAs nanowires
Authors: Vainorius Neimantas , Kubitza Simon , Lehmann Sebastian , Samuelson Lars , Dick Kimberly A. , Pistol Mats-Erik
Published: December 2017

Temperature dependence of the indicated transitions in wurtzite GaAs.
Translocation, distribution and degradation of prochloraz-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles in cucumber plants
Authors: Zhao Pengyue , Cao Lidong , Ma Dukang , Zhou Zhaolu , Huang Qiliang , Pan Canping
Published: December 2017

Pesticide-loading MSNs were prepared to study their translocation, distribution and degradation in cucumber plants.
Bimetal–organic frameworks for functionality optimization: MnFe-MOF-74 as a stable and efficient catalyst for the epoxidation of alkenes with H2O2
Authors: Yuan Kuo , Song Tianqun , Wang Dawei , Zou Ye , Li Jinfeng , Zhang Xiaotao , Tang Zhiyong , Hu Wenping
Published: December 2017

In this work, we synthesized a series of microcrystalline MnxN100−x-MOF-74 (N = Fe, Co and Ni) materials by a one-pot reaction.
Atomic scale Pt decoration promises oxygen reduction properties of Co@Pd nanocatalysts in alkaline electrolytes for 310k redox cycles
Authors: Zhuang Yu , Chou Jyh-Pin , Tiffany Chen Hsin-Yi , Hsu Yang-Yang , Hu Chih-Wei , Hu Alice , Chen Tsan-Yao
Published: December 2017

Atomic Pt cluster decoration protects Co@Pd catalysts from oxidation and corrosion. It improves mass activity of CoPdPt ternary catalysts by 30.2-fold as compared to that of commercial Pt catalysts and keeps such a performance for more than 310k redox cycles.
Computational geometry‐based methodology for identification of potential islanding initiators in high solar PV penetration distribution feeders
Authors: Vyas Shashank , Kumar Rajesh
Published: December 2017

Accidental disconnection of a live feeder section is a major concern accompanying large distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) generation integration. High localised penetration can alter power flows leading to anomalous occurrences. Load‐inverter power balance during grid‐side disturbances, for different load models, may cause unique situations that can trigger the interconnection point protective devices. One such phenomenon, identified as a potential cause of unintentional islanding on radial feeder models (a modified IEEE feeder in simulation and verified on a laboratory‐hardware network), has been used in this work. A pre‐emptive detection strategy has been implemented to identify such islanding initiators among other power system transients. Computational geometry concepts have been utilised to create an optimisation‐derived feature extraction methodology for effective training of a classifier module realised in a Raspberry Pi microcomputer. This module predicts the class labels of test data points transmitted from simulations carried on a personal computer for the feeder model. The proposed pre‐emptive islanding detection strategy can trigger an appropriate change in a PV inverter's operating mode before a feeder protective device is tripped by such island initiating anomalies. The online classification accuracy and speed indicate a possible integration of the proposed methodology and strategy with the inverter's control circuitry.
Development of a generalised PV model in MATLAB/Simulink using datasheet values
Authors: Aldaoudeyeh Al‐Motasem I.
Published: December 2017

This study proposes an improved single‐diode modelling approach for photovoltaic (PV) modules suitable for a broad range of the PV technologies available today, including modules based on tandem cell structures. After establishing the model (which has an overall of seven parameters), this study devises a methodology to estimate its parameters using Standard Test Conditions (STC) data, Nominal Operating Cell Temperature (NOCT) data, and temperature coefficient values as provided in most manufacturers’ datasheets. Simulation results and their comparison with a previous work show a very accurate prediction of critical points in the current‐voltage characteristics curve. The precise prediction happens for both STC and NOCT conditions and the error in predicting maximum power point (MPP) lies within 1% limit, and the error in its corresponding voltage and current is almost always within 2% limit. Further, for both MPP and open‐circuit voltage, the statistical variance around manufacturer measurements due to temperature changes is demonstrated to be low for five various module technologies.
Analytical model of composite inertia control for wind turbine generators participating in frequency regulation
Authors: Li Shenghu , Zhu Guowei , Huang Jiejie , Tan Yun , Chen Chen
Published: December 2017

The wind turbine generators may adopt the composite inertial control (CIC) to participate in the frequency regulation. Based on the linearised motion equation of the variable speed wind turbine generators (VSWTGs) under the maximum power point tracking and deloaded modes, together with the frequency regulation characteristic of the synchronous generators, the analytical expression of the transfer functions of the system frequency and the rotor speed of the VSWTGs to the load change is newly derived. The accuracy of the proposed analytical model is desirable compared with the time domain analysis. With the analytical model, the control effects with different gains of the CIC are compared and analysed. The CIC parameters are selected to achieve satisfactory performance of frequency regulation.
Weather type partition method considering sequential features in photovoltaic forecasting
Authors: Li Hao , Lu Zongxiang , Qiao Ying , Wang Ningbo , Ding Kun
Published: December 2017

The prediction method based on the partition of weather types has been widely used in photovoltaic prediction. Here, the temporal characteristics of PV data is studied, the physical meaning of the sequential difference sequences is analysed, and a characteristic index system including sequential characteristics index is proposed. The weather types are partitioned based on self‐organising map neural network algorithm. Case study shows that the partition method is helpful to improve the discrimination of weather types and to improve prediction accuracy.
Decomposition‐combination model with parallel computation and its application for optimal operation of cascade power stations
Authors: Pei Zhang , Changming Ji , Yanke Zhang , Pu Zhang , Hongjie Yu
Published: December 2017

In order to alleviate the problem of ‘curse of dimensionality’ in traditional dynamic programming algorithm for cascade reservoirs optimal operation, this study conducts parallel analysis on optimal operation model for maximum output of cascade hydropower stations from the perspective of time and space, and proposed the decomposition–combination model and its solution for optimal operation for cascade reservoir with parallel computation. Finally, the optimal operation for a three‐reservoir cascade system is taken as the case, and the result shows that, for the same discrete points, the result derived by the model proposed in this study could achieve the same result with traditional dynamic programming algorithm, and presents better performance in terms of increasing the solution speed.
Cost–benefit analysis of pumped hydro storage using improved probabilistic production simulation method
Authors: Zhou Baorong , Liu Shuhua , Lu Siyu , Cao Xiaoyu , Zhao Wenmeng
Published: December 2017

This study presents an improved probabilistic production simulation method to facilitate the cost–benefit analysis of pumped hydro storage. To capture the coherent feature of power system operation, the traditional form of probabilistic production simulation is strengthened under a three‐fold computational framework. First, the chronological sequences of renewable energy generation and imbalanced power are produced according to a set of feature metrics. Then, the imbalanced power series are modified through the long‐term scheduling of pumped hydro storage. At last, the regular steps of probabilistic production simulation, including construction of equivalent energy function and convolution operation, are implemented to derive the operational cost and reliability metrics of power system. Case studies on IEEE‐RTS79 system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed simulation method, which enables the quantitative assessment for cost‐benefits of pumped hydro storage towards a high‐penetration renewable energy integrated power system.
Active power control algorithm for distributed photovoltaic power generation cluster based on operating efficiency of photovoltaic power generation unit
Authors: Bi Rui , Liu Xianfang
Published: December 2017

In order to solve the active power control problem of the distributed photovoltaic (PV) power generation cluster, power control system based on hybrid structure multi‐agent system is adopted. By simulating the movement of a single ant using ant colony algorithm to solve the traveling salesman problem problem, an active power algorithm based on the improved ant colony algorithm is proposed. The power completion rate index based on operating efficiency of PV power generation unit is defined and used to update the pheromone in the improved ant colony algorithm. Finally, an example of distributed PV power generation unit including ten distributed generation units is used to simulate the control effect of the proposed algorithm. Finally, an example of distributed PV power generation unit including ten distributed generation units is used to simulate the control effect of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the algorithm not only introduces the real‐time operation information of the PV unit but also achieves the different control objectives by selecting the control parameters of the algorithm.
Impact of series compensation on operation performance of large‐scale PV plants
Authors: Lu Guofei , Miao Miao , Yu Xiao , Liu Chao , Li Yan , Chen Wuhui
Published: December 2017

Application of series compensation transmission lines to enhance the long‐distance transmission capability of photovoltaic (PV) plants is the most economical technical measure. To investigate the impact of series compensation on operating performance of large‐scale PV plants, the simulation research is performed in this study. The detailed model of large‐scale PV plants connected to the grid through series compensated lines is developed using power systems computer aided design (PSCAD)/electromagnetic transients inccluding DC (EMTDC) software. Using the detailed model, the performances of active and reactive power outputs, voltage and current profiles of PV plants are investigated for different levels of series compensation and strengths of AC system during short‐circuit faults. The simulation results show that series compensation and strong AC system can effectively improve the transient operation performance of the PV power plant. With the increase of the series compensation degree and the strength of AC system, the fault ride‐through performance of PV plants is improved.
Deep learning approach for classifying, detecting and
predicting photometric redshifts of quasars in the Sloan Digital
Sky Survey stripe 82
Authors: Pasquet-Itam J. , Pasquet J.
Published: December 2017

We have applied a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify and detect quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Stripe 82 and also to predict the photometric redshifts of quasars. The network takes the variability of objects into account by converting light curves into images. The width of the images, noted w, corresponds to the five magnitudes ugriz and the height of the images, noted h, represents the date of the observation. The CNN provides good results since its precision is 0.988 for a recall of 0.90, compared to a precision of 0.985 for the same recall with a random forest classifier. Moreover 175 new quasar candidates are found with the CNN considering a fixed recall of 0.97. The combination of probabilities given by the CNN and the random forest makes good performance even better with a precision of 0.99 for a recall of 0.90. For the redshift predictions, the CNN presents excellent results which are higher than those obtained with a feature extraction step and different classifiers (a K-nearest-neighbors, a support vector machine, a random forest and a Gaussian process classifier). Indeed, the accuracy of the CNN within |Δz| < 0.1 can reach 78.09%, within |Δz| < 0.2 reaches 86.15%, within |Δz| < 0.3 reaches 91.2% and the value of root mean square (rms) is 0.359. The performance of the KNN decreases for the three |Δz| regions, since within the accuracy of |Δz| < 0.1, |Δz| < 0.2, and |Δz| < 0.3 is 73.72%, 82.46%, and 90.09% respectively, and the value of rms amounts to 0.395. So the CNN successfully reduces the dispersion and the catastrophic redshifts of quasars. This new method is very promising for the future of big databases such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.
Resolving the clumpy circumstellar environment of the B[e] supergiant LHA 120-S 35
Authors: Torres A. F. , Cidale L. S. , Kraus M. , Arias M. L. , Barbá R. H. , Maravelias G. , Borges Fernandes M.
Published: December 2017

Context.B[e] supergiants are massive post-main-sequence stars, surrounded by a complex circumstellar environment where molecules and dust can survive. The shape in which the material is distributed around these objects and its dynamics as well as the mechanisms that give rise to these structures are not well understood.

Aims.The aim is to deepen our knowledge of the structure and kinematics of the circumstellar disc of the B[e] supergiant LHA 120-S 35.

Methods.High-resolution optical spectra were obtained in three different years. Forbidden emission lines, that contribute to trace the disc at different distances from the star, are modelled in order to determine the kinematical properties of their line-forming regions, assuming Keplerian rotation. In addition, we used low-resolution near-infrared spectra to explore the variability of molecular emission.

Results.LHA 120-S 35 displays an evident spectral variability in both optical and infrared regions. The P-Cygni line profiles of HI, as well as those of FeIIand OI, suggest the presence of a strong bipolar clumped wind. We distinguish density enhancements in the P-Cygni absorption component of the first Balmer lines, which show variations in both velocity and strength. The P-Cygni profile emission component is double-peaked, indicating the presence of a rotating circumstellar disc surrounding the star. We also observe line-profile variations in the permitted and forbidden features of FeIIand OI. In the infrared, we detect variations in the intensity of the HIemission lines as well as in the emission of the CO band-heads. Moreover, we find that the profiles of each [CaII] and [OI] emission lines contain contributions from spatially different (complete or partial) rings. Globally, we find evidence of detached multi-ring structures, revealing density variations along the disc. We identify an inner ring, with sharp edge, where [CaII] and [OI] lines share their forming region with the CO molecular bands. The outermost regions show a complex structure, outlined by fragmented clumps or partial-ring features of CaIIand OI. Additionally, we observe variations in the profiles of the only visible absorption features, the HeIlines.

Conclusions.We suggest that LHA 120-S 35 has passed through the red-supergiant (RSG) phase and evolves back bluewards in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. In this scenario, the formation of the complex circumstellar structure could be the result of the wind–wind interactions of the post-RSG wind with the previously ejected material from the RSG. The accumulation of material in the circumstellar environment could be attributed to enhanced mass-loss, probably triggered by stellar pulsations. However, the presence of a binary companion cannot be excluded. Finally, we find that LHA 120-S 35 is the third B[e] supergiant belonging to a young stellar cluster.
In Rekordzeit zum vollintegrierten OP
Authors: Kruse Dirk
Published: December 2017

Modul-OP Wenn die OP-Kapazität eng wird, muss es schnell gehen, damit die Patienten auch weiterhin sicher versorgt werden können. Die
Ammerland Klinik in Westerstede entschied sich daher, zwei Modul-OPs zu bauen und diese mit dem ENDOALPHA System von Olympus auszustatten.
Dank der Modulbauweise entstanden zwei voll integrierte OP-Säle für komplexe minimalinvasive Eingriffe in nur elf Monaten von der Planung
bis zur Fertigstellung.
Die Anwendung von Imepitoin (Pexion®) bei Hunden mit furcht- und
angstassoziierten Problemen – eine Fallserie
Authors: Welsch Barbara
Published: December 2017

An der University of Lincoln wurden 19 Hunde mit angstassoziierten Problemen mit dem
Wirkstoff Imepitoin in Kombination mit einer Verhaltensmodifikation behandelt. Unter der
Therapie wurde eine signifikante Reduzierung angstassoziierten Verhaltens beobachtet.
Diese Fallserie liefert initiale Evidenz für den potenziellen Nutzen von Imepitoin in
dieser Indikation. Imepitoin ist in der EU für die Behandlung der Epilepsie beim Hund
(Pexion®/Boehringer Ingelheim) zugelassen.
Uniform p-type doping of silicon nanowires synthesized via vapor-liquid-solid growth with silicon tetrachloride
Authors: Kendrick Chito , Kuo Meng-Wei , Li Jie , Shen Haoting , Mayer Theresa S. , Redwing Joan M.
Published: December 2017

Boron-doped silicon nanowires (SiNWs) grown by the vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism using silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) as the silicon precursor and trimethylboron (TMB) as the boron source were studied to understand the axial and radial doping uniformity. TMB-doped SiNWs with diameters up to 400 nm and lengths > 7.5 μm were integrated into a global back-gated test structure with multiple electrodes for electrical characterization. From gate modulated measurements, the SiNWs were confirmed to be heavily doped p-type. Multiple four point resistivity measurements across a total length of 7.5 μm were taken on as-grown SiNWs. Resistivity, corrected for surface charge, was determined to be 0.01 +/− 0.002 Ω cm along the entire length of the as-grown boron doped SiNWs. This was also observed in the axial direction for etched SiNWs, with corrected resistivity of 0.01 +/− 0.003 Ω cm, therefore confirming the uniform p-type doping of SiNWs using TMB and SiCl4 as precursors.
Picosecond laser krypton plasma emission in water window spectral range
Authors: Vrba P. , Vrbova M. , Müller M. , Mann K. , Pánek D. , Parkman T.
Published: December 2017

Laser plasma created in a krypton gas puff target is studied as a source of radiation in the water window spectral range (λ = 2.3–4.4 nm). The spatial development of the plasma induced by a sub-nanosecond Nd:YAG laser pulse focused on the gas puff target is modeled using 2d RMHD code Z*. It is shown that the created plasma is quickly heated and the critical electron density is achieved at the very beginning of the laser pulse. Space-time distributions of plasma quantities, namely, electron temperature, electron density, mass density, and plasma expansion velocity were evaluated. Furthermore, the temporal dependences of plasma electron temperature and electron density in a selected point were introduced into the kinetic code FLYCHK. Instantaneous spectra during the laser pulse and during plasma decay period are calculated showing the intense spectral lines in the water window range at the laser peak and delayed up to 0.8 ns. Temporal evolutions of the krypton ions relative populations prove that ions from Kr21+ and Kr22+ are responsible for the dominant spectral intensity emitted at a wavelength around λ = 3 nm. Evaluated time resolved spectra are compared with the time integrated spectra obtained experimentally. The spatial distribution of the measured plasma luminosity is compared with the estimated area of plasma emission based on the evaluated distributions of plasma electron density and temperature.
Note: A simple multi-channel optical system for modulation spectroscopies
Authors: Solís-Macías J. , Sánchez-López J. D. , Castro-García R. , Flores-Camacho J. M. , Flores-Rangel G. , Ciou Jian-Jhih , Chen Kai-Wei , Chen Chang-Hsiao , Lastras-Martínez L. F. , Balderas-Navarro R. E.
Published: December 2017

Photoreflectance-difference (PR/PRD) and reflectance-difference (RD) spectroscopies employ synchronic detection usually with lock-in amplifiers operating at moderate (200–1000 Hz) and high (50–100 KHz) modulation frequencies, respectively. Here, we report a measurement system for these spectroscopies based on a multichannel CCD spectrometer without a lock-in amplifier. In the proposed scheme, a typical PRD or RD spectrum consists of numerical subtractions between a thousand CCD captures recorded, while a photoelastic modulator is either operating or inhibited. This is advantageous and fits the slow response of CCD detectors to high modulation frequencies. The resulting spectra are processed with Savitzky-Golay filtering and compared well with those measured with conventional scanning systems based on lock-in amplifiers.
Modeling of the electrically-tunable transistor-injected quantum cascade laser
Authors: Lin Zhiyuan , Chen Kanuo , Hsiao Fu-Chen , Wang Zhuoran , Dallesasse John M. , Leburton Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2017

A detailed quantum mechanical model that assesses the mid-infrared (MIR) and terahertz (THz) wavelength tunability of a three-terminal Transistor-Injected Quantum Cascade Laser (TI-QCL) is presented. It is shown that the device injection efficiency can be considerably enhanced by inserting an i-n layer between the QCL and the base of the transistor to match the quantum impedance between the two regions. Our calculations based on the Schrodinger equation with complex potential boundaries indicate that cascading lasing occurs when charge quasi-neutrality in the superlattice (SL) is achieved with an injection current density of 4.71 kA/cm2, which is comparable to the values obtained in conventional two-terminal QCLs. Our analysis of the transition dipole moments between various quasi-bound states in the QCL SL suggests that the lasing wavelength can vary over a few microns as a function of the electric field at constant current, which indicates that the TI-QCL has potential for tunable MIR and THz sources. Finally, simultaneous multi-color lasing with wide energy separation is anticipated with application in MIR multi-gas detection.
Determination of refractive index and direct bandgap of lattice matched BGaP and (BGa)(AsP) materials on exact oriented silicon
Authors: Volk Michael , Stolz Wolfgang
Published: December 2017

High quality lattice matched III-V semiconductor material, boron gallium phosphide (B2.8%Ga)P and boron gallium arsenide phosphide (BGa)(AsP), layers were deposited on exact oriented (001) 300 mm silicon (Si) substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. An industrial Aixtron Crius R (CCS close coupled showerhead) 300 mm system was used. The material compositions were varied systematically to keep the lattice match to the silicon substrate on one hand, but to change the optical properties and thereby investigate the relationship between the refractive index and different material compositions on the other hand. By in situ measurements, the reflectance was measured during growth, and the refractive index for the wavelength of λ = 950 nm was determined. The results are compared and confirmed with the measurement results of Rogowsky et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 053504 (2011)] which had been achieved by ellipsometry and show a linear dependence in relation to the arsenide and boron content. The refractive index of B2.8%GaP is found to be 3.14, and therefore is larger than the refractive index of GaP of 3.13. This confirms former investigations which lead to the conclusion that the direct band gap of B2.8%GaP is smaller than the direct band gap of GaP. The refractive index of B6.2%GaAs15%P is found to be 3.20, which is a change of 2.3% in comparison to GaP. Based on the measurement results of the direct band gap of BGaP samples with a boron content of up to 6% by surface photo voltage, the direct band gaps of the (BGa)(AsP) samples were calculated and related to the refractive index values. As a result, a change of 2% in the refractive index relates to a reduction of 400 meV in the direct band gap of (BGa)(AsP).
On the Bernstein mode in a degenerate anisotropic quantum plasma
Authors: Iqbal Z. , Murtaza G. , Azra K. , Hussain A. , Abbas G.
Published: December 2017

By employing quantum Vlasov–Maxwell set of equations, we have derived a general dispersion relation for perpendicularly propagating electrostatic waves in a degenerate anisotropic quantum plasma. Specifically, we discuss the Bernstein mode and examine how the effects of quantum diffraction and degenerate anisotropy influence its propagation characteristics. We find that the spectrum of the mode becomes more oscillatory. Further, we observe that while the anisotropy significantly affects the mode for β = ωpe/ωce > 1, the quantum effect prevails for β < 1. These effects become more prominent at higher harmonics. It is also pointed out that our results may prove helpful to understand the phenomena of plasma heating and particle acceleration in astrophysical environments like white dwarf.
Stable BaCl solid at high pressure: Prediction and characterization using first principles approach
Authors: Adeleke Adebayo A. , Jossou Ericmoore , Yao Yansun
Published: December 2017

Industrial processes involving the manufacture of heat treatment salts such as BaCl at high pressures are becoming possible. Hence, there is a need to search for a specific form of BaCl with excellent thermal properties. Motivated by this, the potential energy surface of BaCl is extensively explored using the unbiased particle swarm-intelligence optimization algorithm to uncover a global minimum enthalpy phase of BaCl within the pressure range that was recently experimentally explored. Previously predicted phases were confirmed during the structure search. Furthermore, the orthorhombic Pnma form of BaCl is predicted to be more stable and energetically more favorable than the previously predicted R-3m phase in the pressure range of ∼10–15 GPa. The electronic and thermal properties of the newly discovered phase are extensively studied using first principles calculations. In the pressure range of interest, Pnma BaCl is metallic and nonmagnetic. More so, the solution of the Boltzmann Transport Equation unravels promising thermal properties, which make Pnma BaCl a good candidate for heat management in high temperature systems. We found the overall Grüneisen parameters in Pnma BaCl to range between 0.963 and 0.995 and the lattice thermal conductivity at 300 K to be 53.7 W m−1 K−1. We also found that Pnma BaCl exhibits anisotropy that we observed is constant in all directions explored.
Perspective: Terahertz science and technology
Authors: Mittleman Daniel M.
Published: December 2017

The field of terahertz science and technology has been an active and thriving research area for several decades. However, the field has recently experienced an inflection point, as several exciting breakthroughs have enabled new opportunities for both fundamental and applied research. These events are reshaping the field, and will impact research directions for years to come. In this Perspective article, I discuss a few important examples: the development of methods to access nonlinear optical effects in the terahertz range; methods to probe nanoscale phenomena; and, the growing likelihood that terahertz technologies will be a critical player in future wireless networks. Here, a few examples of research in each of these areas are discussed, followed by some speculation about where these exciting breakthroughs may lead in the near future.
Dissociative electron attachment to 2,4,6-trichloroanisole and 2,4,6-tribromoanisole molecules
Authors: Asfandiarov N. L. , Muftakhov M. V. , Pshenichnyuk S. A. , Papp P. , Danko M. , Lacko M. , Blaško J. , Matejčik Š. , Modelli A.
Published: December 2017

2,4,6-trichloroanisole and 2,4,6-tribromoanisole were investigated by means of electron transmission spectroscopy and two different types of dissociative electron attachment spectrometers. The results obtained were interpreted with the support of density functional theory calculations. The dominant dissociative decay channels of the temporary molecular negative ions lead to the formation of Cl− and Br− in the low electron energy region. Formation of long-lived parent anions is observed at thermal electron energies. Their relative intensity depends on the experimental time window, ∼36 μs in the case of the static magnet mass analyzer and ∼200 μs for the quadrupole mass analyzer employed. The results obtained may be useful for rapid detection of these compounds in wine and pharmaceutical industries, as well as other branches connected to the food industry, e.g., packaging.
Formation of hotspots in partially filled ferrite-loaded rectangular waveguides
Authors: Marvasti Mohammad , Rejaei Behzad
Published: December 2017

We theoretically investigate the formation of hotspots at microwave frequencies in a partially filled, ferrite-loaded rectangular waveguide. When the unidirectional mode of this waveguide approaches an impenetrable conducting barrier, its magnetic field rises sharply due to the absence of reflection. To study this phenomenon, we use the magnetostatic approximation and derive a surface integral equation for the normal component of magnetic flux density on the surface of the ferrite layer. For a half-filled waveguide, an analytic solution is found, which shows the magnetic field to diverge near the barrier as |x|−q, where |x| is the distance from the barrier edge and q is slightly less than unity. For filling factors other than one-half, the numerical solution of the surface integral equation again confirms the appearance of a hotspot near the barrier edge.
Communication: Spectroscopic characterization of a strongly interacting C(2)H group on the EMIM+ cation in the (EMIM+)2X− (X = BF4, Cl, Br, and I) ternary building blocks of ionic liquids
Authors: Gorlova Olga , Craig Stephanie M. , Johnson Mark A.
Published: December 2017

To unravel the intermolecular interactions at play in the assemblies of EMIM-based ionic liquids, we report the vibrational spectra of the cryogenically cooled, cationic ternary complexes with halide ions, (EMIM+)2X−, X = Cl, Br, and I. This series specifically addresses the spectral response of the acidic C(2)H group upon complexation with an atomic anion, which is isolated by selective deuteration at this position. Unlike the behavior of the related BF4− complex, the halide systems display large (∼175 cm−1) red-shifts and dramatic (∼30X) intensity enhancements in the C(2)D stretch (relative to that of the bare d(2)-EMIM+ cation), which are largest for the chloride anion. Electronic structure calculations indicate that, while the spectroscopic signatures of the interaction follow those expected for a traditional hydrogen bond to the C(2)H group, the C–H–X docking arrangement deviates substantially from linearity due to a “double contact” motif involving a weaker interaction to the nearby methyl group [Hunt et al., Chem. Soc. Rev. 44(5), 1257–1288 (2015)].
The role of hydrogen and oxygen in the persistent photoconductivity of strontium titanate
Authors: Poole Violet M. , Huso Jesse , McCluskey Matthew D.
Published: December 2017

Annealed strontium titanate (SrTiO3 or STO) single crystals exhibit persistent photoconductivity (PPC) at room temperature. Illumination with sub-gap light reduces the resistance by three orders of magnitude, which persists for weeks or longer. The defects responsible for this remarkable phenomenon have not been identified. In this work, we report on the importance of hydrogen and oxygen during the annealing process that is used to induce PPC. The results from IR spectroscopy and two-point resistance measurements indicate that water vapor at 1200 °C yields hydrogen and oxygen-vacancy populations that result in large PPC. Deuterium substitution experiments show evidence for a two-hydrogen center that forms after exposure to light. The results suggest that light causes substitutional hydrogen to leave the oxygen site, forming metastable O-H bonds. This process liberates electrons and causes PPC.
Magnetotransport properties of Cr1−δTe thin films with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Zhou L. , Chen J. S. , Du Z. Z. , He X. S. , Ye B. C. , Guo G. P. , Lu H. Z. , Wang G. , He H. T.
Published: December 2017

P-type ferromagnetic Cr1-δTe thin films with the Curie temperature of 170K were epitaxially grown on GaAs substrate. Low-temperature magnetotransport study reveals that the film has a strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and an anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) ratio up to 8.1%. Furthermore, reduced anomalous Hall effect is observed at low temperatures in Cr1-δTe, suggesting the possible crossover of the contribution to AHE from the intrinsic mechanism to extrinsic skew scattering. Distinctive from conventional transition metal ferromagnets, the AMR ratio is also greatly suppressed at low temperatures. Our work demonstrates that epitaxial Cr1-δTe films are interesting platforms for studying the physics underlying the strong PMA and large AMR.
Effect of the invasive New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) on the littoral macroinvertebrate community in a temperate mesotrophic lake
Authors: Rakauskas Vytautas , Šidagytė Eglė , Butkus Rokas , Garbaras Andrius
Published: December 2017

The chief aim of the present study was to reveal changes in a littoral macroinvertebrate community induced by the invasion of the New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum). For that purpose, we compared relevant aspects of the lake littoral macroinvertebrate community in pre- and post-invasion periods and determined the trophic position of P. antipodarum in the lake food web by performing the stable isotope-ratio analysis. The analyses performed showed that P. antipodarum is a primary consumer that may utilise a wide range of primary food sources. Overall, our study showed the following effects of the P. antipodarum invasion on the macroinvertebrate community: a definite increase in the total macroinvertebrate biomass, a significant increase in the local macroinvertebrate family richness and diversity, a shift in the community composition from crustacean- to gastropod-dominated. However, P. antipodarum invasion was not found to affect the biomass of local macroinvertebrates, which remained unchanged.