bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermomagnetic analysis applied for identification of lithogenic and pedogenic iron oxides in topsoils from Bulgaria
Authors: Jordanova Neli , Jordanova Diana
Published: May 2024

Identification of magnetic minerals, which determine the magnetic properties of natural rocks, sediments and soils, is of crucial importance for any further interpretation of their magnetic signature in environmental or paleogeographical context. One of the major and widely used methods for determination of kind of magnetic phases in natural materials is by obtaining the Curie/Neel temperature of the respective magnetic mineral. In this contribution, we report a set of thermomagnetic measurements of high-temperature behavior of magnetic susceptibility for topsoils from the territory of Bulgaria, aiming to reveal the pedogenic and lithogenic signature. The data are considered and reported in respect to the parent rock type. Our results suggest that pedogenic magnetic minerals are represented mainly by fine-grained maghemite and/or hematite with possible Al-substitutions in the crystal lattice. This phase is expressed on the heating run of the thermomagnetic curve as a “hump” with a maximum at 250–300 °C. Coarse-grained magnetite is identified as a dominant lithogenic magnetic mineral. Hematite’s presence in a sub-set of red-colored soils is confirmed by additional analyses of isothermal remanence acquisition curves. Two hematite coercivity components were identified, related to pedogenic and lithogenic origin, respectively.
Underestimated species diversity within the Rhacophorus rhodopus and Rhacophorus bipunctatus complexes (Anura, Rhacophoridae), with a description of a new species from Hainan, China
Authors: Tang Shangjing , Xiao Fanrong , Liu Shuo , Wang Lijun , Yu Guohua , Du Lina
Published: May 2024

Taxonomy and species boundaries within the Rhacophorus rhodopus and Rhacophorus bipunctatus complexes are very confusing. In this study, we attempt to delimit the species boundaries and test the currently accepted taxonomic assignments within these two complexes based on newly collected samples and previously published data across their distributions. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the R. rhodopus and R. bipunctatus complexes consisted of six distinct clades (labeled A‒F) that diverged from each other by genetic distances (p-distance) ranging from 5.3% to 9.2% in 16S rRNA sequences, and accordingly analyses of species delimitation placed them into six species, of which three correspond to known species (R. rhodopus, R. bipunctatus, and R. napoensis) and three represent different cryptic species. Rhacophorus rhodopus (Clade C) is distributed in southern Yunnan, China, northern Laos, and northern and central Thailand; R. bipunctatus (Clade F) is distributed in northeastern India and western and northern Myanmar; and R. napoensis (Clade B) is distributed in Guangxi, China and northern Vietnam. Based on both molecular and morphological evidence, we described the clade consisting of samples from Hainan, China and central Vietnam (Clade A) as a new species, Rhacophorus qiongicasp. nov. There are two cryptic species requiring additional morphological studies: one only contains samples from Motuo, Xizang, China (Clade E), and the other is distributed in western Yunnan, China, central Myanmar, central Thailand, and Malaysia (Clade D). Additionally, our results supported the idea that some old GenBank sequences of R. reinwardtii need to be updated with the correct species name.
Diabetes Prediction: Optimization of Machine Learning through Feature Selection and Dimensionality Reduction
Authors: Aouragh Abd Allah , Bahaj Mohamed , Toufik Fouad
Published: May 2024

Diabetes, a pervasive global health concern, presents diagnostic challenges due to its nuanced onset and far-reaching implications. Traditional diagnostic approaches, reliant on time-consuming assessments, necessitate a paradigm shift towards more efficient methodologies. In response, this study introduces a diagnostic support system leveraging the power of optimized machine learning algorithms. Addressing class imbalance within a dataset comprising 768 records, our methodology intricately weaves together feature selection, dimensionality reduction techniques, and grid search optimization. Specifically, the Extra Trees model, fine-tuned via grid search, emerges as the most potent, showcasing remarkable performance metrics: an accuracy score of 92.5%, an F1-score of 93.7%, and an AUC-ROC of 92.47%. These findings underscore the pivotal role of machine learning in reshaping diabetes diagnosis, offering transformative possibilities for global healthcare enhancement.
Investigating the Efficacy of a Virtual Reality-Based Testing Station of Flexible Manufacturing System: A Usability and Heuristic Evaluation
Authors: Hariyanto Didik , Hakim Vando Gusti Al , Husna Amelia Fauziah , Badarudin Rohjai , Yuniarti Nurhening , Adinda Dina
Published: May 2024

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of a virtual reality-based testing station designed for flexible manufacturing systems. Given the intricate nature of flexible manufacturing systems and the demand for precision in learning, the integration of virtual reality emerges as a promising approach to enhance both student competence and engagement. By employing a combined assessment with the System Usability Scale and heuristic evaluation conducted by 36 students and 5 experts, respectively, the virtual reality-based testing station achieved an average usability score of 72.78, indicating good usability. Noteworthy heuristic challenges, particularly in the domains of ‘Realistic Feedback’ and ‘Navigation and Orientation Support,’ have been identified, providing valuable insights for potential refinements to the testing station. The outcomes of this study not only guide immediate improvements but also pave the way for future research endeavors aimed at elevating the learning outcomes in flexible manufacturing systems courses.
Prototype Realtime Detection Of Abnormal Heart Beat Using Multiple Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN)
Authors: Suryani  , Faizal
Published: May 2024

Real-time heart rate monitoring and early detection of heart abnormalities are vital to determine heart health before it worsens. To achieve this goal, this project uses the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) method including its capability to classify heartbeats into normal or abnormal by inputting heartbeat values in BPM units derived from prototypes utilizing sensors like Sensor Easy Pulse and NodeMCU, along with considerations of age and sports activity. All data from sensors will be stored in Firebase. Then Firebase will connect to Android, and the normal and abnormal heart classification results will be displayed on the Android system. Simulation results successfully examined 40 people as a sample and provided information from real-time heart rate monitoring, age, and sports activity as input. This research seeks to contribute to improving health services at various public health service centers and independently in detecting heart health early.
Safeguarding Vascular Health: Unleashing the Potential of Smartphone Early Warning Systems to Elevate Phlebitis Prevention in IV Infusion Therapy
Authors: Asman Aulia , Yulkifli  , Yohandri  , Nazhifah Naurah , Rawas Soha , Samala Agariadne Dwinggo
Published: May 2024

Intravenous (IV) infusion is a pervasive medical intervention, administered to approximately 90% of hospitalized patients. Phlebitis, characterized by inflammation of the veins resulting from infusion, stands as a prevalent complication, ranking fourth among hospitalacquired infections globally. This research investigates the efficacy of a Smartphone Early Warning System (EWS) display in mitigating the incidence of phlebitis within the Safa treatment room at Aisyiyah Hospital. Employing a pre-experimental research design with a Static-group Comparison approach, 16 respondents were allocated to treatment and control groups. The Mann-Whitney Test, a statistical analysis, unveiled a significant difference (P Value = 0.001 < 0.05) in phlebitis incidence between the treatment group, utilizing the Smartphone EWS display, and the control group, which relied on conventional monitoring methods. Notably, the average rank of phlebitis incidence in the control group (21.12) exceeded that in the treatment group (9.78). This study sheds light on the potential of the Smartphone EWS display to curtail phlebitis during infusion, emphasizing its role in advancing nursing care quality through real-time monitoring and early prevention strategies.
Analyzing the Impact of Wine Tourism on the Triple Bottom Line of Spanish Wineries
Authors: Falcó Javier Martínez , Sánchez-García Eduardo , Marco-Lajara Bartolomé , Millán-Tudela Luis A. , Popescu Cristina Raluca Gh.
Published: May 2024

The research focuses on assessing the impact of wine tourism on the comprehensive sustainability performance, which includes economic, social, and environmental aspects, of Spanish wineries. For a more detailed analysis of the cause-and-effect relationships, factors such as the winery's age, size, and affiliation with a protected designation of origin (PDO) are incorporated as control variables. A conceptual framework is created and subsequently analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), based on data from a survey of 202 Spanish wineries. The results indicate a significant and positive relationship between wine tourism activities and the three dimensions of performance in the context of Spanish wineries. This study enhances the existing literature on wine tourism, making a significant contribution as it seems to be the first to explore the impact of wine tourism on the overall sustainable performance of wineries in Spain. Therefore, the research provides important insights for both academic researchers and industry professionals, particularly those considering the initiation or expansion of wine tourism in their business models.
Local Fruits for Sustainable Beverage Supply Chains
Authors: Kollimath Umesh Somashekharayya
Published: May 2024

The process of connecting local fruit growers with consumers, fostering sustainability, bolstering local economies, and facilitating access to fresh, wholesome food are all made possible by the short food supply chain (SFSC). The demand-supply imbalance in India sometimes results in an underdeveloped local fruit market. This chapter identifies mismatch between cultivators and consumers, suggesting action plan to improve alternative supply chains at a local level. These may foster local fruits supply chains connecting farmers to retailers. Considering local and indigenous fruits located in Maharashtra; 1000 households and ten food supply chain stakeholders were studied. Actors in the traditional fruit supply chain proposed strategies to cater to consumer preferences. Ten specialists in the food supply chain endorsed the findings and the fifteen measures that need to be changed between 2023 and 2030. By increasing the availability of local fruits on the market, this would assist growers and processors in making business plans for the future and in disclosing shifts in consumer preferences or market dynamics.
The Impact of Firmographics on Philanthropic Engagement in the Global Wine Industry
Authors: Fuentes-Fernández Rosana , Gilinsky Armand , Aboah Joshua , Forbes Sharon , Haller Coralie , Dressler Marc
Published: May 2024

The pursuit of community engagement and support is commonly considered to be essential to the achievement of corporate social responsibility goals, irrespective of a firm's age, size, legal formation, or industry sector. Less well understood are the firmographic characteristics that may influence these philanthropic pursuits, namely, firm formation, firm closure, firm growth or decline, and firm relocation. This investigation into philanthropic engagement seeks to understand the impact of firmographics across the global wine industry. Data were collected via survey from 302 firms in the Old and New World wine sectors: Spain, France, Germany, New Zealand, and the United States. Ordinal logistic and multiple linear regressions were applied. Findings reveal that the cultural heritage of a wine business, and, to a lesser extent, its form of ownership, appear to be the two major determinants of philanthropic engagement.
Hardness and Microstructure of TiN Coating on Aluminum Alloy with DC Sputtering
Authors: Margono Margono , Darmadi Djarot B. , Widodo Teguh Dwi , Suprapto Suprapto , Sujitno Tjipto , Kozin Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Titanium Nitride coating has attracted much interest in increasing the hardness of aluminum alloys. This study aims to investigate the effect of Ar: N gas mixture and time on increasing the hardness of aluminum alloys using DC sputtering. Preparation of TiN thin films on aluminum alloy substrates using flowing gas mixture parameters and time. First, the layer of TiN was deposited on the sample with a gas mixture of 90Ar:10N; 80Ar:20N; 70Ar:30N; and 60Ar:40N (%) for 60 minutes. Then the optimum gas mixture that produces the highest surface hardness is used in the second process with time variations of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The results showed that the highest hardness was achieved in a gas mixture of 70Ar:30N and 60 minutes. The TiN phase formed on the aluminum surface was identified by XRD, while the surface morphology was observed by SEM. Compared with untreated samples, the hardness of treated samples increased significantly.
Microstructure and Mechanical Characteristics of Friction Welded Joint between Alumina and Aluminum Casting Alloy
Authors: Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Nguyen Son Thanh , Kimura Masaaki
Published: May 2024

In this study, the Al2O3 round bar and Al-Si12CuNi (AC8A) round bar were joined by friction welding. AC8A is a typical piston material treated by the heat treatment T6. The parameters of the joining condition are friction time and upset pressure. SEM observed the microstructure at the interface region of joined materials. 1) Judging from these photographs, the damages to the microstructures at the interface region of joined materials by upset pressure are more significant than those caused by friction time. 2) The relationship between the joint conditions and mechanical characteristics from three points of bending test results for the joint material specimens. 3) The residual stresses around the interface were measured by the Raman spectroscopy method. There is a possibility that the friction welding conditions are correlated to the residual stresses.
Influence of Orthophosphoric Acid Activation on the Quality of Activated Carbons
Authors: Amadou Kiari Mahamane Nassirou , Konan Affoué Tindo Sylvie , Sanda Mamane Ousmaila , Kone Horo , Fanou Guy Didier , Siragi Dounounou Boukari Maâzou , Ibrahim Grema Maman Hamissou , Malam  Alma Maman Mousbahou , Yao Kouassi Benjamin
Published: May 2024

Activated carbon (AC) is an adsorbent material used for the removal of pollutants from wastewater. Unfortunately, these materials used by the industry are very expensive. This is why research is being conducted to produce low-cost activated carbons from natural biomass. The objective of this work is to study the effect of activation by orthophosphoric acid on the quality of activated carbons. The different techniques used for the characterization are: the Iodine number and the Methylene Blue Index. For activated carbons prepared in a single activation step, iodine number of 609.12 and methylene blue value of 102.48 mg/g were obtained. For those prepared in two activation steps, iodine number of 951.75 mg/g and methylene blue value of 115.14 mg/g were obtained.
Android-based Kasih Ibu application for postpartum mothers using the research and development method
Authors: Subriah Subriah , Amdadi Zulaeha A. , Arianggara Andi Wilda , Ningsih Agustina
Published: May 2024

Endorphin massage is a light massage technique performed to help milk production. The purpose of this study is to develop the application of Kasih Ibu as a medium of education that can support the application of Endorphin Massage. The method used in this study is Research and Development (RnD) with Brog and Gall models. The subjects of the research are two media experts, two material experts, and 40 postpartum mothers. The results showed that the validation test results from material experts averaged 92% and validation results from media experts averaged 87%, which showed that the Kasih Ibu application was very feasible to use. Test user validity using a TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) questionnaire. Small-scale trials resulted in 95% and large-scale trials resulted in 96% with the very Worth it category. The Kasih Ibu application as a medium of Education and Communication is very worthy of use and can be accepted by postpartum mothers.
Field monitoring and genetic diversity of the large copper butterfly Lycaena dispar (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Authors: Park Jeong Sun , Lee Seung Hyun , Pyo Jee-Young , Jeong Heon Cheon , Kim Sung-Soo , Kim Iksoo
Published: May 2024

The large copper butterfly Lycaena dispar (Haworth, 1803) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), which is found across Europe and Asia, has been categorized as a near-threatened species (NT) in South Korea from 2012 mainly due to limited distribution. The species has been infrequently observed outside its traditional range in the northwestern region, but no nationwide survey has yet been conducted. In addition, the population genetic data of L. dispar, which is informative to evaluate its vulnerability, remains unknown. In this study, we visited 36 sites spread across all South Korean provinces to verify the distributional range of the species. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was also partially sequenced for 53 individuals from nine sites. We observed L. dispar at 15 sites in six provinces, including the two previously known provinces, indicating a southward range expansion. The in-field monitoring and genetic data collectively suggested that L. dispar does not have a limited distribution nor is it isolated, indicating that it should be reclassified as less vulnerable. Our study demonstrates that the combination of field and genetic data can provide a more reliable assessment of the stability of a species.
Effective optical zone: Differences between small-incision lenticule extraction and femtosecond LASIK for myopia
Authors: Çakır Gülay Yalçınkaya , Çakır İhsan , Yıldız Burçin Kepez , Yıldırım Yusuf
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

To compare the effective optical zones (EOZs) of small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (F-LASIK) by utilizing topographic methods on the tangential curvature difference map at postoperative 1 year and to identify parameters linked to the EOZ alterations following both surgeries.

Methods:

Myopic patients who underwent SMILE or F-LASIK were included in the study. Patients with refractive error greater than −9.0 D sphere or −0.50 D of astigmatism were excluded from the study. EOZs were measured at postoperative 1 year by using the tangential curvature difference map of the Scheimpflug tomography system. Correlations between the EOZ alterations and relevant parameters were assessed.

Results:

In total, 59 eyes in the SMILE group and 65 eyes in the F-LASIK group were assessed. The decrease in EOZ compared with the programmed optical zone was significantly higher in the F-LASIK group (P < 0.001). The increase in corneal asphericity was significantly relevant to the decrease in EOZin both groups according to the multiple regression analysis (P < 0.001, B/95% CI: 0.62/0.34 and 0.90, standardized-Beta: 0.587 for the SMILE group; P < 0.001, B/95% CI: 0.74/0.41 and 1.07, standardized-Beta: 0.631 for the F-LASIK group).

Conclusion:

The EOZ decreased 1 year after both SMILE and F-LASIK. The SMILE group showed less EOZ reduction than F-LASIK patients relative to the programmed optical zone. The decrease in EOZ was correlated with the increase in corneal asphericity in both groups.
Comparison of clinical outcomes between femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery versus conventional phacoemulsification in vitrectomized eyes – A prospective interventional study
Authors: Asif Md Ibrahime , Sinha Rajesh , Anjum Shahnaz , Sahay Pranita , Singh Reena , Agarwal Tushar , Sharma Namrata , Titiyal Jeewan S
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

To compare the clinical outcomes and surgical safety between femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and conventional phacoemulsification cataract surgery (CPCS) in vitrectomized eyes.

Methods:

A prospective interventional comparative study was conducted at a tertiary eye care center. Sixty consecutive cases requiring cataract surgery following pars plana vitrectomy were allocated into Group 1 (n = 30), who underwent FLACS with intraocular lens implantation, and Group 2 (n = 30), who underwent CPCS with intraocular lens implantation, and followed up for 3 months. Primary outcome measures were intraoperative ultrasonic cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) and intraoperative and postoperative complications. The secondary outcome measures were postoperative changes in endothelial cell count (ECC) and central corneal thickness (CCT).

Results:

Baseline corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), ECC, and CCT were comparable. Intraoperative CDE was significantly less in the FLACS group (8.11 vs. 15.83 percentage seconds; P = 0.012) with no intraoperative complication in either group. The postoperative CDVA was comparable between the groups with a trend toward earlier visual recovery in the FLACS group. The postoperative day (POD) 1 endothelial cell loss was higher in the CPCS group (7.54% vs. 2.05%), with the mean endothelial cell density being significantly higher in the FLACS group throughout the follow-up period (P < 0.05). POD-1 corneal edema was higher in the CPCS group compared to FLACS with no significant difference on follow-up. Intraoperative migration of silicone oil to the anterior chamber was observed in 40% versus 0% in the CPCS versus FLACS groups, respectively.

Conclusion:

FLACS can be safely performed in post-vitrectomy eyes with lesser intraoperative ultrasonic energy used, postoperative endothelial cell loss, and change in CCT compared to CPCS.
Clinical, microbiologic, and treatment outcomes of dematiaceous fungal keratitis – A retrospective study
Authors: Ganesan Niruban , Narayana Shivananda , Gubert Joseph , Bhosale Namrata K , Sundar Balagiri
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

Dematiaceous fungi, the third most common causative organism of fungal keratitis, constitute 3.5% to 43.5% of fungal keratitis worldwide. Several studies on filamentous fungi (Aspergillus and Fusarium) are available as opposed to that on dematiaceous fungal keratitis. This study aims to describe the profile of dematiaceous fungal keratitis in South India.

Methods:

This institutional cohort study on culture-proven dematiaceous fungal keratitis was performed in a single ophthalmology referral center in South India for a 6-year period. Records were analyzed for demographic, clinical, microbiological, and treatment outcomes for 3 months from the date of presentation.

Results:

This study comprised 312 cases involving dematiaceous fungal keratitis (DFK). During the study period, DFK accounted for 10% of microbial keratitis and 24.6% of fungal keratitis cases. The mean (standard deviation) age was 54 (14) years. Males were commonly affected (73.4%). Keratitis was ≤1/3rd depth in 47.8% of cases. Fifty-four cases (17.3%) demonstrated surface pigmentation, and 69 cases (22.1%) had endothelial plaque. Curvularia spp. (99 eyes, 31.7%) was the most common fungal isolate among the speciated fungi. Topical medications resulted in the healing of 63.5% of cases. A total of 193 cases (79%) healed, and 49 cases had to undergo therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK). Early TPK was performed for 20 cases (40.8%). Seventeen eyes (34.6%) maintained clear grafts at the end of 3 months.

Conclusion:

In this extensive study on DFK, we report a high incidence of this group of fungal keratitis. We found an excellent healing rate in our cohort of patients.
A case of thymoma presenting as pyrexia of unknown origin
Authors: Marwah Vikas , Choudhary Robin , Shrinath V , Paliwal Gourang
Published: May 2024

Pyrexia of unknown origin can be caused due to numerous infective and noninfective causes. It poses a diagnostic dilemma to the clinicians and requires a myriad of investigations for the confirmation of diagnosis. Thymomas are rare mediastinal tumors that present as anterior mediastinal mass; however, thymomas presenting as pyrexia of unknown origin has rarely been reported in the literature. We report an interesting case of a middle-aged male who presented as pyrexia of unknown origin due to thymoma.
In vivo evaluation of clinical performance of Cention N and glass ionomer cement in proximal restorations of primary molars
Authors: Arora Divya , Jain Mansi , Suma Sogi H. P. , Shahi Prinka , Gupta Ishita , Sandhu Meera
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Restoring a proximal lesion in primary tooth has met with many challenges which has led to evolution of many materials. An alternative to Glass Ionomer Cements which has fluoride releasing capacity, offers good bond strength and is esthetic have been long looked for.

Aim:

This study aimed to compare the clinical performance of GIC and Cention N in proximal restorations of primary molars.

Materials and Methodology:

A prospective study was conducted on 154 primary molars in patients aged between 5 and 8 years using a split-mouth design. Patients were divided into two groups. Control group restored with GIC and study group received Cention N. Both groups were assessed at baseline 3, 6 and 9 months according to Ryge criteria and data was statistically analysed using Fisher's Exact.

Results:

Statistically significant difference was found between GIC and Cention N restorations for color match at baseline and color stability at 3 months (P < 0.001), while the other parameters did not show any significant difference among the two restorative materials.

Conclusion:

Cention N can be used as a suitable alternative to GIC for restoring Class II restorations in primary molars.
Synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic analysis of apical transportation of different Nickel–Titanium rotary systems in curved root canals
Authors: Yenubary Pooja , Anil C. K. , Singh Balwant
Published: May 2024

Background:

In the last few decades, the availability of synchrotron sources has initiated revolutionary advances in X-ray imaging.

Aims:

The study aimed to evaluate the incidence of apical transportation after root canal preparation with ProTaper Gold (PTG), Hyflex electro discharge machining (HEDM), Reciproc (RPC), and WaveOne Gold (WOG) using synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SR–μCT) analysis.

Materials and Methods:

Forty mandibular molars were assigned to four experimental groups (n = 10) according to the file system used for the root canal preparation: Group 1: PTG (25/0.08), Group 2: HEDM (25/0.08), Group 3: RPC (25/0.08), and Group 4: WOG (25/0.07). The specimens were scanned on SR–μCT system before and after the root canal preparation. Apical transportation was assessed at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm section.

Statistical Analysis:

Two-way analysis of variance and Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney test was used.

Results:

No significant difference was found between the groups. Transportation in the mesial direction was of greater magnitude than distal transportation for all the files systems.

Conclusion:

SR–μCT can be used as a reliable diagnostic tool for further implications.
Malayalam language translation and validation of oral health-related early childhood quality of life tool (OH-ECQoL)
Authors: Peedikayil Faizal C. , Kottayi Soni , Subbalekshmi T.
Published: May 2024

Objective:

The objective of this study was to adapt the Oral Health-related Early Childhood Quality of Life (OH-ECQoL) tool for the Malayalam-speaking community and investigate its validity and reliability.

Methodology:

Malayalam language version of OH-ECQoL was derived through a forward–backward translation and tested for content validity. A convenient sample (n = 300) was recruited by including children with and without early childhood caries (ECC). Parents of these children completed the derived Malayalam OH-ECQoL measure. The properties of translated OH-ECQoL were evaluated by determining its validity and reliability using concurrent validity, construct validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability.

Results:

OH-ECQoL scores varied with ECC and caries-free groups (P < 0.001), supporting the ability to distinguish between patient groups. Discriminant validity tests show that children with ECC have greater median scores and interquartile range (21 ± 8) compared to children without ECC (14 ± 2). Concurrent validity was observed to be 0.72 and 0.71, respectively, for child section (P < 0.001). Convergent validity demonstrates a strong positive correlation between child impact and family impact with a Spearman's correlation coefficient significant of 0.73 (P ≤ 0.01). Cronbach's alpha for the child impact section and family impact section showed good internal consistency at 0.92 and 0.83, respectively. Test–retest reliability at 0.87 shows good reliability.

Conclusions:

The Malayalam version of the OH-ECQoL tool demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. The study also shows that ECC presents a negative impact on the QoL of preschool children and their parents.
Quantification of sugar intake and mineralization of teeth in 13–15-year-old subjects – A pilot study
Authors: Therathil Sona Gajanan , V. Kakarla Prasad V.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Dental caries begins with the initiation of demineralization which is a reversible process. Diet, especially intake of sugar, is an important aetiological factor for demineralization of enamel which eventually leads to caries.

Aim:

This study aims to understand the quantitative relationship between sugar consumption and mineralization by finding out the change in mineralization of teeth as a result of the change in the sugar score.

Settings and Design:

This interventional study was done among 119 teeth of 19 subjects who were between the ages of 13–15 years in Hubli city.

Materials and Methods:

Sugar score was calculated from a 5-day diet history of the subjects and a DIAGNOdent pen was used to indicate the mineralization value of the teeth before the intervention. Diet counseling was given as an intervention after which sugar score and DIAGNOdent scores were measured again after 14 days and compared with the baseline values.

Statistical Analysis:

Descriptive statistics and a linear regression analysis was done to determine the relationship between the variables.

Results:

Sugar score and DIAGNOdent score after 14 days were found to have reduced significantly by 41.6% and 20.3% respectively from the baseline values. The Linear Regression indicated that a reduction of sugar score by 5 resulted in a decrease of DIAGNOdent score by 0.16.

Conclusion:

The findings of the present study suggest that the modification of sugar consumption brought about a significant improvement in the mineralization of the demineralized teeth thus making diet counseling an effective preventive strategy for caries prevention.
Bibliometric report of authorship trends in a professional journal- An update
Authors: Kalra Gauri , Dhillon Jatinder Kaur , Mathur Vijay Prakash
Published: May 2024

Background:

With rising trends in research and scientific writing, various ethical organizations have been vigilant over developing rigorous authorship criteria. There may be times, when authors tend to publish more due to their seniority or previously earned credit for former publications, proving the existence of Matthew effect in scientific research. It indicates that the majority of publications in a field are contributed by smaller number of authors. It was hypothesized that the Matthew effect may be still applicable for scientific work published by Indian pediatric dentists in the official Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry (JISPPD) from 2015 to 2019.

Methodology:

To assess the number of times each author has published in the official Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, we downloaded all issues for the 5-year period from the journal website. Full names of all authors were entered year-wise in Microsoft Excel 2007 and descriptive statistics were used for finding out contribution percentages.

Results:

A total of 372 papers were published during the study period by 1148 authors. About 82% had at least one publication, followed by 12% publishing at least two papers; only 1% of the total authors had contributed to more than five publications. The result showed the absence of Matthew effect for publications in the JISPPD.

Conclusion:

The final results of the study did not show any presence of Matthew effect among authorship in the JISPPD.
Comparison of craniofacial morphology characteristics along with dental caries status and salivary properties of operated cleft lip and palate patients with noncleft patients
Authors: Talukdar Lipsikha , Saha Sonali , Dhinsa Kavita , Rai Amit , Tiwari Vandana , Trivedi Himanshu
Published: May 2024

Background:

Cleft lip and palate patients undergo many primary reconstructive surgical procedures which could lead to various changes in the facial morphology with growth. The most common diagnosis is unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and such patients are more prone to dental caries.

Aims:

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the lateral cephalometric landmarks, dental caries status, and salivary properties of surgically repaired UCLP children aged 6–15 years with lateral cephalometric landmarks, dental caries status, and salivary properties of noncleft children of the same age group.

Materials and Methods:

Twelve noncleft patients and 12 surgically repaired UCLP patients were chosen, and cephalometric analysis, salivary analysis, and dental caries status were recorded for both the groups. The data were then compared for both the groups.

Statistical Analysis:

It was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05.

Results:

In surgical repair ULCP children, their was increased prevalance of dental caries along with decrease level of salivary calcium, Phosphorus, flow rate. Also, their was increased level of alkaline phosphatase, total protein level with acidic pH alongwith retruded maxillary complex with Class III malocclusion.

Conclusion:

Various primary reconstructive surgeries in UCLP children lead to maxillary retrusion with an increased prevalence of dental caries in these patients due to the maintenance of poor oral hygiene.
The effect of multisensory-adapted dental environment on children's behavior toward dental treatment
Authors: Ismail Ahmad Faisal , Tengku Azmi Tengku Muhammad Asyraf , Malek Wan Muizuddin Syahmi Wan Abdul , Mallineni Sreekanth Kumar
Published: May 2024

Objective:

The objective was to assess the effectiveness of multisensory-adapted environment on children's behavior toward dental treatment, specifically in special need children.

Materials and Methods:

The main health databases were selected such as SCOPUS, Medline, CINAHL, and Dentistry and Oral Sciences. A set of keywords was defined to identify the relevant article were (i.e., Snoezelen OR Multisensory OR sensory-adapted and Dentistry OR Oral). The articles were selected and extracted by two reviewers based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines and some predetermined exclusion criteria. Furthermore, the risk of bias assessment was done.

Results:

A total of 317 papers were selected at the first phase from SCOPUS (97 papers), Medline (108 papers), CINAHL (110 papers), and Dentistry and Oral Sciences (2 papers). After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and duplicated papers were removed, only four eligible papers were selected for final synthesis.

Conclusions:

Multisensory-adapted dental environment effectively improves oral health behavior among special needs children in terms of physiological changes, behaviors, pain, and sensory discomfort. Thus, the clinician may introduce this approach in their clinical settings.
Evaluation of centralization ability and canal transportation of root canals prepared with three commercially available pediatric rotary files
Authors: Reddy K. Harshita , Mukthineni Sridhar , Sankar A J Sai , Samatha Y. , Pranitha K. , Sankar K. Siva
Published: May 2024

Background:

The complex root canal anatomy of primary root canals is considered to be most challenging. The quality of the root canal preparation plays a significant role in the success of endodontic treatment. Now, there are very few root canal instruments that are capable of cleaning the canal three dimensionally. To evaluate the efficacy of root canal instruments, various technologies have been used; one of the most reliable strategies was cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Aim:

The aim of this study is to compare the centralization ability and canal transportation of three commercially available pediatric rotary file systems using CBCT analysis.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-three extracted human primary teeth with a minimum 7 mm root length were randomly divided into three groups (group I – Kedo-SG Blue, group II – Kedo-S Square, and group III – Pro AF Baby Gold). Biomechanical preparation was done according to the manufacturers instructions. Pre- and postinstrumentation CBCT images were taken for each group to evaluate the remaining dentin thickness thereby assessing the centering ability and the canal transportation ability of different file systems.

Results:

Significant difference was noticed in canal transportation and centering ability between the three tested groups. Mesiodistal canal transportation was significant at all three levels, whereas buccolingual canal transportation was significant only at the apical third of the root. However, Kedo-SG Blue and Pro AF Baby Gold showed lesser canal transportation compared to Kedo-S Square rotary file system. Mesiodistal centering ability was significant at cervical and apical thirds of the root with Kedo-S Square rotary file system maintaining less canal centricity.

Conclusions:

All three file systems tested in the study were effective in removing the radicular dentin. However, Kedo-SG Blue and Pro AF Baby Gold rotary file systems showed comparatively less canal transportation and more centering ability than Kedo-S Square rotary file system.
Assessment of children’s emotions before, during, and after the dental treatment procedure
Authors: Padmanabh Shital Kiran Davangere , Ahire Snehal , Mulchandani Vinay , Upendrabhai Mira Jani , Trivedi Malay , Joshi Aum Bharat
Published: May 2024

Background:

Emojis are used to communicate emotional content as conversational indicators. Emojis of human faces are unrivaled in communication since they can discern between several basic emotions with great precision while also being universal.

Aim:

Assessment of children’s emotions before, during, and after the dental treatment procedure: An emoji-based study.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 85 children, ranging in age from 6 to 12 years, were separated into four groups. Group 1 required local anesthetic for restoration, while Group 2 required extraction. Pulp treatment was in Group 3 and oral prophylaxis was in Group 4. All groups used an animated emoji scale (AES) to quantify anxiety before, during, and after the dental treatment procedure.

Results:

There was a statistically significant difference when the mean scores of the four treatment groups were compared before, during, and after the procedure. When Group 2 was compared to Groups 1, 3, and 4 there was a statistically significant difference in the anxiety of the research participant before, during, and after the procedures (P = 0.01). Groups 2, 3, and 4 were statistically significant after the treatment procedure (P = 0.01).

Conclusion:

The findings of this study suggest that the AES can be a useful tool in tracking a patient’s emotions during the dental treatment procedure to initiate appropriate behavior management.
Comparative evaluation of changes in salivary flow rate, pH, and Streptococcus mutans levels in children undergoing fixed and removable space maintainer therapy
Authors: Bahurupi Mayuri Prabhakar , Gupte Tejashri Shreyas , Grace Bridget , Sawant Ameya Shridhar , Sonawane Nilam Subhash
Published: May 2024

Background:

Placement of intraoral appliances such as space maintainers (SMs) may be associated with the alteration of microbial and nonmicrobial parameters of saliva which may lead to the initiation of incipient caries.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the changes in salivary flow rate, pH, and Streptococcus
mutans levels in children undergoing fixed and removable SM therapy.

Materials and Methods:

The study participants comprised 40 children aged 4–10 years divided into two groups of 20 each. Children undergoing fixed (Group I = 20) and removable SM therapy (Group II = 20). Salivary flow rate, pH, and S. mutans levels were recorded just before and 3 months after the placement of SMs. Data were compared for both groups.

Statistical Analysis:

It was analyzed using SPSS software version 20. The level of significance was kept at 5%.

Results:

A significant increase in salivary flow rate (<0.05) and S. mutans level (<0.05) was evident, however, no significant difference in pH was found in both the groups from baseline to 3 months after appliance placement. Group I showed a significant increase (<0.05) in S. mutans level as compared to Group II.

Conclusion:

SM therapy allied both favorable and unfavorable changes in salivary parameters, thus emphasizing the importance of parent and patient education about maintaining proper oral hygiene during SM therapy.
Metallic insignia in primary teeth
Authors: Kaur Kanwalpreet , Suneja Bharat , Jodhka Sunaina , Kaur Jasvir , Singh Amanpreet , Singh Saini Ravinder
Published: May 2024

Background:

Lead accumulations have been found in teeth and related to behavior deficits in children, but there is a dearth of studies in exploring the role of zinc and manganese dysregulations in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) using the primary tooth as biomarker.

Aims:

The objectives of the study were to evaluate and compare the concentrations of zinc and manganese in the primary teeth serving as biomarker, in typically developing children and children with ASD.

Settings and Design:

Twelve primary incisors indicated for extraction were collected from children between the age group 6 and 9 years, for the study. Six primary incisors were obtained from children who had been diagnosed with ASD (study group). The other six teeth were obtained from typically developing children, in the similar age group.

Methods:

The primary incisors obtained were analyzed for metal concentrations using the technique Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry.

Statistical Analysis:

This study was statistically analyzed by student's t-test.

Results:

It was observed that there are significant differences in metal concentrations found between tooth samples of ASD children and typically developing children. Zinc concentrations were double and manganese concentrations were three times, in teeth of ASD children group as compared to the children in the control group.

Conclusions:

Results of the current study indicate that there are considerable differences in concentrations of zinc and manganese between the two groups and support the contention that there might be an association between metal exposures of a pregnant mother and child during early years of childhood and incidence of ASD.
An assessment of the efficacy of clinical skills simulation using standardized patient in teaching behavior management and modification skills in Pediatric Dentistry to dental undergraduate students
Authors: Santhakumar Madhu , Vidhya R.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Clinical skills simulation (CSS) is an important tool in teaching and learning. The literature review showed a scarcity of research data regarding the use of CSS,in teaching, especially in dentistry. The use of CSS in dental teaching was found restricted to the use of low fidelity typhodonts fitted to phantom heads used in teaching cavity preparation and crown cutting.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of CSS using standardized patient in teaching behavior management and modification skills to dental undergraduate students.

Settings and Design:

This double-blinded, randomized controlled trial was undertaken among 3rd year dental undergraduate students, and the study was undertaken at the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty, 3rd year BDS students were randomly allotted to simulation and nonsimulation groups. Baseline data regarding their knowledge in the behavior management of child patients were assessed. Simulation group was further divided into group of six students and underwent CSS with standardized patient. Pretest and posttest knowledge regarding behavior management was assessed in the simulation group using questionnaires approved by an expert committee. The results were analyzed to see if there is any improvement in their knowledge after CSS. Students in simulation and nonsimulation groups were assessed for their behavior management skills during patient management, by an independent observer, using a checklist.

Statistical Analysis:

Mean, standard deviation (SD), and unpaired student t-test were done to assess the baseline knowledge of students who participated in the study. Mean, SD, and paired t-test were used to compare the pretest and posttest score of students who underwent simulation. Mean, SD, and unpaired t-test were used to compare the behavior management skills of both groups of students.

Results and Conclusions:

The knowledge of students in both groups before the study was comparable with no statistically significant differences. There was a statistically significant improvement in the knowledge of students who underwent CSS regarding behavior management of child patients. The unpaired Student's t-test showed a significant difference in the behavior management skill of dental undergraduate students when treating a child patient. The students who underwent CSS fared better compared to students who were taught behavior management methods by traditional methods only. Clinical skill simulation using standardized patient is an effective adjunct to be used along with traditional method of teaching while teaching behavior management and modification skills to dental undergraduate students.
Ultrasonography as a diagnostic aid for a neonate with gingival swelling in a COVID-19 neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Kakade Adesh , Deshmukh Bhagyashree , Agarwal Agrima , Malik Sushma , Shetty Devdas S , Wade Poonam A , Shetty Aaishwarya
Published: May 2024

COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all the aspects of life and has emerged as the biggest challenge to the health-care sector. Dental fraternity has also taken its significant impact since the transmission of disease is primarily through aerosol droplets. Management of infants with orofacial anomalies such as natal and neonatal teeth born to COVID-19-positive mothers is another challenge due to unavailability of dental facilities in the isolation wards. In such unforeseen circumstances, out-of-routine approaches such as extraoral mandibular ultrasonography were performed for the management of a congenital intraoral swelling in an infant and are being described in this case report.