bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Representation of rewards differing in their hedonic valence in the caudate nucleus correlates with the performance in a problem-solving task in dogs (Canis familiaris)
Authors: Cuaya Laura V. , Hernández-Pérez Raúl , Andics Attila , Báji Rita , Gácsi Márta , Guilloux Marion , Roche Alice , Callejon Laurence , Miklósi Ádám , Ujfalussy Dorottya Júlia
Published: September 2023

We have investigated dogs’ (Canis familiaris) abilities in associating different sounds with appetitive stimuli of different incentive values. The association’s establishment was first tested on family dogs (n = 20) in a problem-solving behavioural paradigm (experiment 1), then in a problem-solving behavioural paradigm as well as an fMRI study on specially trained family dogs (n = 20) (experiment 2). The aim was to show behavioural and parallel neural effects of the association formed between the two sounds and two different associated appetitive stimuli. The latency of solving the problem was considered an indicator of the motivational state. In our first experiment, where only behaviour was studied, we found that dogs were quicker in solving a problem upon hearing the sound associated with food higher in reward value, suggesting that they have successfully associated the sounds with the corresponding food value. In our second experiment, this behaviour difference was not significant. In the fMRI study, the cerebral response to the two sounds was compared both before and after the associative training. Two bilateral regions of interest were explored: the caudate nucleus and the amygdala. After the associative training, the response in the caudate nucleus was higher to the sound related to a higher reward value food than to the sound related to a lower reward value food, which difference was not present before the associative training. We found an increase in the amygdala response to both sounds after the training. In a whole-brain representational similarity analysis, we found that cerebral patterns in the caudate nucleus to the two sounds were different only after the training. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between the dissimilarity index in the caudate nucleus for activation responses to the two sounds and the difference in latencies (i.e. high reward value associated sound condition latency—low reward value associated sound condition latency) to solve the behavioural task: the bigger the difference between the conditions in latency to solve the task, the greater the difference in the neural representation of the two sounds was. In summary, family dogs’ brain activation patterns reflected their expectations based on what they learned about the relationship between two sounds and their associated appetitive stimuli.
Age of epilepsy onset as modulating factor for naming deficit after epilepsy surgery: a voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping study
Authors: Reindl Caroline , Walther Katrin , Allgäuer Anna-Lena , Lang Johannes D. , Welte Tamara M. , Stritzelberger Jenny , Gollwitzer Stephanie , Schwarz Michael , Trollmann Regina , Madzar Dominik , Knott Michael , Doerfler Arnd , Seifert Frank , Rössler Karl , Brandner Sebastian , Rampp Stefan , Schwab Stefan , Hamer Hajo M.
Published: September 2023

Age at onset of epilepsy is an important predictor of deterioration in naming ability following epilepsy surgery. In 141 patients with left hemispheric epilepsy and language dominance who received epilepsy surgery at the Epilepsy Centre Erlangen, naming of objects (Boston naming test, BNT) was assessed preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Surgical lesions were plotted on postoperative MRI and normalized for statistical analysis using voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VBLSM). The correlation between lesion and presence of postoperative naming deterioration was examined varying the considered age range of epilepsy onsets. The VBLSM analysis showed that volumes of cortex areas in the left temporal lobe, which were associated with postoperative decline of naming, increased with each year of later epilepsy onset. In patients with later onset, an increasing left posterior temporobasal area was significantly associated with a postoperative deficit when included in the resection. For late epilepsy onset, the temporomesial expansion also included the left hippocampus. The results underline that early onset of epilepsy is a good prognostic factor for unchanged postoperative naming ability following epilepsy surgery. For later age of epilepsy onset, the extent of the area at risk of postoperative naming deficit at 6 months after surgery included an increasing left temporobasal area which finally also comprised the hippocampus.
Building capacity for estimating fire emissions from tropical peatlands; a worked example from Indonesia
Authors: Krisnawati Haruni , Volkova Liubov , Budiharto Budiharto , Zamzani Franky , Adinugroho Wahyu C. , Qirom Muhammad A. , Weston Christopher J.
Published: September 2023

Tropical peatlands are globally significant in the terrestrial carbon cycle as they are comprised of a large forest carbon sink and a large peat carbon store—both of which can potentially be exchanged with the atmosphere on decadal time frames. Greenhouse gas emissions from fire-disturbance and development of tropical peatlands over the last few decades, and the potential for ongoing emissions, highlights the need for policy to slow or halt emissions and to activate mechanisms to sequester carbon through restoration of degraded peatlands. The UN REDD + scheme provides a means for developing countries to receive payments for avoided deforestation and forest degradation, but the steps to achieve REDD+ compliance are rigorous and the details required can be a barrier to activating benefits—especially for peatlands where repeated cycles of fire interrupt forest recovery and create a range of recovery classes. Therefore, to improve estimates of peat fire emissions and of carbon balance of tropical peatlands, the biomass and combustion factor parameters need to be developed and applied according to forest recovery stage. In this study we use published activity data from the extensive 1997 fires in the peatlands of Indonesian Borneo to detail a transparent and accountable way to estimate and report emissions from tropical peatland fires. This example for estimating and reporting emissions is provided to assist REDD+ countries to efficiently develop their capacity for improving emissions estimates from fire-impacted tropical peatlands.
Small for gestational age and early childhood caries: the BRISA cohort study
Authors: Fernandes Juliana de Kássia Braga , de Sousa Francenilde Silva , Alves Cláudia Maria Coelho , Ribeiro Cecília Cláudia Costa , Simões Vanda Maria Ferreira , Saraiva Maria da Conceição Pereira , Thomaz Erika Barbara Abreu Fonseca
Published: September 2023

This study tests the hypothesis that children 12–30 months born small for gestational age (SGA) aged are more susceptible to severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). We used data on 865 children aged 12–30 months from a prospective cohort study conducted in a city in the northeast of Brazil. The study outcome was S-ECC, defined based on the proportion of decayed tooth surfaces (cavitated or not). The main exposure variable was SGA, defined according to the Kramer criterion and the INTERGROWTH-21st standard. Direct (SGA → S-ECC) and indirect effects were estimated using structural equation modeling, calculating standardized factor loadings (SFL) and P-values (alpha = 5%). The final models showed a good fit. SGA influenced S-ECC in the direct and indirect paths. In the group of SGA children with 12 or more erupted teeth defined according to the Kramer criterion, the direct effect was positive (SFL = 0.163; P = 0.019); while among all SGA children defined according to the INTERGROWTH-21st standard, the direct effect was negative (SFL =  − 0.711; P < 0.001). Age and number of erupted teeth may influence the occurrence of S-ECC in SGA children, as the number of teeth affects the time of exposure to disease risk factors.
Shelf-life, bioburden, water and oxygen permeability studies of laser welded SEBS/PP blended polymer
Authors: Sundera Murthe Satisvar , Sreekantan Srimala , Mydin Rabiatul Basria S. M. N. , Vasudevan Mugashini , Appaturi Jimmy Nelson
Published: September 2023

The most common material used for blood bags is PVC, which requires the addition of DEHP to increase its flexibility. DEHP is known to cross the polymer barrier and move into the stored blood and, ultimately, the patient's bloodstream. In this work, an alternative prototype composed of SEBS/PP was fabricated through blow-moulding and compared with the commercially available PVC-based blood bag which was designated as the control. The blow-moulded sample layers were welded together using CO2 lasers and optimized to obtain complete sealing of the sides. The samples' performance characteristics were analyzed using water permeability, oxygen permeability, shelf-life, and bioburden tests. The SEBS/PP sample exhibited the highest oxygen permeability rate of 1486.6 cc/m2/24 h after 40 days of ageing, indicating that the sample is conducive for red blood cell (RBC) respiration. On the other hand, the SEBS/PP sample showcased a lower water permeability rate of 0.098 g/h m2 after 40 days of aging, indicating a high-water barrier property and thus preventing water loss during storage. In comparison, the oxygen and water permeability rates of PVC-DEHP were found to be distinctly lower in performance (662.7 cc/m2/24 h and 0.221 g/h m2, respectively). In addition, shelf-life analyses revealed that after 40 days of ageing, polymer samples exhibited no visual damage or degradation. The optimal parameters to obtain adequate welding of the SEBS/PP were determined to be power of 60% (18 W), speed of 70 in/sec and 500 Pulse Per Inch (PPI). Furthermore, the bioburden estimates of SEBS/PP of 115 CFU are markedly lower compared to the bioburden estimate of PVC-DEHP of 213 CFU. The SEBS/PP prototype can potentially be an effective alternative to PVC-based blood bags, particularly for high-risk patients in order to reduce the likelihood of medical issues.
Farmyard manure, a potential organic additive to reclaim copper and Macrophomina phaseolina stress responses in mash bean plants
Authors: Akhtar Sundus , Shoaib Amna , Javiad Iqra , Qaisar Uzma , Tasadduq Raazia
Published: September 2023

In the era of global warming, stress combinations instead of individual stress are realistic threats faced by plants that can alter or trigger a wide range of plant responses. In the current study, the cumulative effect of charcoal rot disease caused by notorious fungal pathogen viz., Macrophomina phaseolina was investigated under toxic levels of copper (Cu) in mash bean, and farmyard manure (FYM) was employed to manage stress. Therefore, Cu-spiked soil (50 and 100 mg/kg) was inoculated with the pathogen, and amended with 2% FYM, to assess the effect of intricate interactions on mash bean plants through pot experiments. Results demonstrated that the individual stress of the pathogen or Cu was more severe for morpho-growth, physio-biochemical, and expression profiles of stress-related genes and total protein in mash bean plants as compared to stress combinations. Under single Cu stress, a significant amount of Cu accumulated in plant tissues, particularly in roots than in upper ground tissues, while, under stress combination less Cu accumulated in the plants. Nonetheless, 2% FYM in soil encountered the negative effect of stress responses provoked by the pathogen, Cu, or both by improving health markers (photosynthetic pigments, reducing sugar, total phenolics) and oxidative stress markers (catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase), together with regulating the expression of stress-related genes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and cytokinin-resistant genes), and proteins, besides decreasing Cu uptake in the plants. FYM worked better at lower concentrations (50 mg/kg) of Cu than at higher ones (100 mg/kg), hence could be used as a suitable option for better growth, yield, and crop performance under charcoal rot disease stress in Cu-contaminated soils.
Targeting transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) using Pirfenidone, a potential repurposing therapeutic strategy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Jamialahmadi Hamid , Nazari Seyedeh Elnaz , TanzadehPanah Hamid , Saburi Ehsan , Asgharzadeh Fereshteh , Khojasteh-Leylakoohi Fatemeh , Alaei Maryam , Mirahmadi Mahdi , Babaei Fatemeh , Asghari Seyedeh Zahra , Mansouri Saeide , Khalili-Tanha Ghazaleh , Maftooh Mina , Fiuji Hamid , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Ferns Gordon A. , Khazaei Majid , Avan Amir
Published: September 2023

The modulating factors within the tumor microenvironment, for example, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), may limit the response to chemo and immunotherapy protocols in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the current study, the therapeutic potential of targeting the TGF-β pathway using Pirfenidone (PFD), a TGF-β inhibitor, either alone or in combination with five fluorouracil (5-FU) has been explored in preclinical models of CRC. The anti-proliferative and migratory effects of PFD were assessed by MTT and wound-healing assays respectively. Xenograft models were used to study the anti-tumor activity, histopathological, and side effects analysis. Targeting of TGF-β resulted in suppression of cell proliferation and migration, associated with modulation of survivin and MMP9/E-cadherin. Moreover, the PFD inhibited TGF-β induced tumor progression, fibrosis, and inflammatory response through perturbation of collagen and E-cadherin. Targeting the TGF-β pathway using PFD may increase the anti-tumor effects of 5-FU and reduce tumor development, providing a new therapeutic approach to CRC treatment.
Gender and culture bias in letters of recommendation for computer science and data science masters programs
Authors: Zhao Yijun , Qi Zhengxin , Grossi John , Weiss Gary M.
Published: September 2023

Letters of Recommendation (LORs) are widely utilized for admission to both undergraduate and graduate programs, and are becoming even more important with the decreasing role that standardized tests play in the admissions process. However, LORs are highly subjective and thus can inject recommender bias into the process, leading to an inequitable evaluation of the candidates’ competitiveness and competence. Our study utilizes natural language processing methods and manually determined ratings to investigate gender and cultural differences and biases in LORs written for STEM Master’s program applicants. We generate features to measure important characteristics of the LORs and then compare these characteristics across groups based on recommender gender, applicant gender, and applicant country of origin. One set of features, which measure the underlying sentiment, tone, and emotions associated with each LOR, is automatically generated using IBM Watson’s Natural Language Understanding (NLU) service. The second set of features is measured manually by our research team and quantifies the relevance, specificity, and positivity of each LOR. We identify and discuss features that exhibit statistically significant differences across gender and culture study groups. Our analysis is based on approximately 4000 applications for the MS in Data Science and MS in Computer Science programs at Fordham University. To our knowledge, no similar study has been performed on these graduate programs.
Objective analysis of partial three-dimensional rotator cuff muscle volume and fat infiltration across ages and sex from clinical MRI scans
Authors: Riem Lara , Blemker Silvia S. , DuCharme Olivia , Leitch Elizabeth B. , Cousins Matthew , Antosh Ivan J. , Defoor Mikalyn , Sheean Andrew J. , Werner Brian C.
Published: September 2023

Objective analysis of rotator cuff (RC) atrophy and fatty infiltration (FI) from clinical MRI is limited by qualitative measures and variation in scapular coverage. The goals of this study were to: develop/evaluate a method to quantify RC muscle size, atrophy, and FI from clinical MRIs (with typical lateral only coverage) and then quantify the effects of age and sex on RC muscle. To develop the method, 47 full scapula coverage CTs with matching clinical MRIs were used to: correct for variation in scan capture, and ensure impactful information of the RC is measured. Utilizing this methodology and automated artificial intelligence, 170 healthy clinical shoulder MRIs of varying age and sex were segmented, and each RC muscle’s size, relative contribution, and FI as a function of scapula location were quantified. A two-way ANOVA was used to examine the effect of age and sex on RC musculature. The analysis revealed significant (p < 0.05): decreases in size of the supraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis with age; decreased supraspinatus and increased infraspinatus relative contribution with age; and increased FI in the infraspinatus with age and in females. This study demonstrated that clinically obtained MRIs can be utilized for automatic 3D analysis of the RC. This method is not susceptible to coverage variation or patient size. Application of methodology in a healthy population revealed differences in RC musculature across ages and FI level between sexes. This large database can be used to reference expected muscle characteristics as a function of scapula location and could eventually be used in conjunction with the proposed methodology for analysis in patient populations.
Omarigliptin inhibits brain cell ferroptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liu Yang , Yong V. Wee , Xue Mengzhou
Published: September 2023

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a disastrous disease without effective treatment. An extensive body of evidence indicate that neuronal ferroptosis is a key contributor to neurological disfunctions after ICH. Omarigliptin, also known as MK3102, is an anti-diabetic drug that inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP4). Recently, MK3102 is reported to exhibit anti-ferroptosis and anti-oxidative effects in different pathological conditions. However, the anti-ferroptosis ability of MK3102 in ICH injury is unknown. Hemin was administrated to model ICH injury in cultured primary cortical neurons, and collagenase VII was used to induce ICH in C57BL/6 mice. MK3102 was administered after ICH. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was applied to detect cell viability. Neurological functions were assessed through the Focal deficits neurological scores and corner test. HE and TUNEL staining was applied to evaluate brain damage areas and cell death, respectively. Ferroptosis was evaluated in cultured neurons by fluorescent probe DCFH-DA, FerroOrange, Liperfluo and immunofluorescence of GPX4, AIFM2 and FACL4. Perls staining was performed to visualize Fe3+ deposition. Ferroptosis-related proteins in mouse brain were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. MK3102 reduced the neurotoxicity of hemin in cultured primary cortical neurons. It improved neurological functions associated with a decrease in the number of dead neurons and the area of brain damage after ICH in mice. Moreover, MK3102 prominently upregulated glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) levels after ICH. In addition, the elevation of iron content, lipid peroxidation and FACL4 after ICH; and reduction of GPX4 and AIFM2; were mitigated by MK3102 in vitro and in vivo. The neuroprotective effect of MK3102 may be related to anti-ferroptosis by regulating GLP-1R after ICH injury.
A highly accurate quantum optimization algorithm for CT image reconstruction based on sinogram patterns
Authors: Jun Kyungtaek
Published: September 2023

Computed tomography (CT) has been developed as a nondestructive technique for observing minute internal images in samples. It has been difficult to obtain photorealistic (clean or clear) CT images due to various unwanted artifacts generated during the CT scanning process, along with the limitations of back-projection algorithms. Recently, an iterative optimization algorithm has been developed that uses an entire sinogram to reduce errors caused by artifacts. In this paper, we introduce a new quantum algorithm for reconstructing CT images. This algorithm can be used with any type of light source as long as the projection is defined. Assuming an experimental sinogram produced by a Radon transform, to find the CT image of this sinogram, we express the CT image as a combination of qubits. After acquiring the Radon transform of the undetermined CT image, we combine the actual sinogram and the optimized qubits. The global energy optimization value used here can determine the value of qubits through a gate model quantum computer or quantum annealer. In particular, the new algorithm can also be used for cone-beam CT image reconstruction and for medical imaging.
Activation of oxidoreductases by the formation of enzyme assembly
Authors: Ura Tomoto , Sakakibara Nanako , Hirano Yu , Tamada Taro , Takakusagi Yoichi , Shiraki Kentaro , Mikawa Tsutomu
Published: September 2023

Biological properties of protein molecules depend on their interaction with other molecules, and enzymes are no exception. Enzyme activities are controlled by their interaction with other molecules in living cells. Enzyme activation and their catalytic properties in the presence of different types of polymers have been studied in vitro, although these studies are restricted to only a few enzymes. In this study, we show that addition of poly-l-lysine (PLL) can increase the enzymatic activity of multiple oxidoreductases through formation of enzyme assemblies. Oxidoreductases with an overall negative charge, such as l-lactate oxidase, d-lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate oxidase, and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, each formed assemblies with the positively charged PLL via electrostatic interactions. The enzyme activities of these oxidoreductases in the enzyme assemblies were several-folds higher than those of the enzyme in their natural dispersed state. In the presence of PLL, the turnover number (kcat) improved for all enzymes, whereas the decrease in Michaelis constant (KM) was enzyme dependent. This type of enzyme function regulation through the formation of assemblies via simple addition of polymers has potential for diverse applications, including various industrial and research purposes.
When, where, and which climate activists have vandalized museums
Authors: Kinyon Lily , Dolšak Nives , Prakash Aseem
Published: September 2023

Some climate groups have employed disruptive but non-violent tactics to draw public attention to the slow progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In 2022, a new disruptive tactic emerged: vandalizing art and museums. In this Brief Communication, we describe the key findings which are based on an exhaustive search of media articles and social media postings. We find that almost all 38 reported incidents occurred during May–December 2022, with protests peaking around the COP 27 conference in Sharm El Sheikh, November 6–18. Once the COP conference was over, museum incidents dwindled to only three in December. Museum vandalism took place in eleven countries, nine of which are in Europe. Even within Europe, 60% of the incidents occurred in just three countries: Germany, Italy, and the U.K. We find sixteen groups were involved in these incidents, but three groups account for 58% of them: Ultima Generazione (Italy and Vatican), Just Stop Oil (the U.K.), and Letzte Generation (Germany). Importantly, these groups are part of the A22 network, which suggests the possibility of some informal coordination on the staging and timing of museum events. None of the legacy environmental groups (such as Greenpeace) are involved in museum protests, although historically some have staged dramatic events to garner media attention.
A smart chitosan-graphite molecular imprinted composite for the effective trapping and sensing of dimethyl methylphosphonate based on changes in resistance
Authors: Disley James , Gil-Ramírez Guzmán , Eaton Peter , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Jose
Published: September 2023

A chitosan-graphite molecular imprinted polymer able to trap and detect dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) through a change in resistance has been produced.
Electrochemical determination of metformin via a carbon paste electrode modified with an Ag NPs/Cu2O/CuO-decorated bacterial nanocellulose composite
Authors: Zamani S. , Ghanbari Kh. , Bonyadi S.
Published: September 2023

Metformin is widely used in the treatment of diabetes either alone or in combination with other drugs. Measuring the concentration of this substance is very important both pre-clinically and clinically in the medical monitoring of diabetic patients.
Fluorescence detection of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms based on oligonucleotide ligation and magnetic separation
Authors: Wen Wan-Chen , Lin Yi-Hui , Duh Tsai-Hui , Chen Chun-Hsien , Feng Chia-Hsien , Chen Yen-Ling
Published: September 2023

A fluorescence detection system coupled with oligonucleotide ligation and magnetic separation was developed to identify two single-nucleotide polymorphisms for the APOE gene.
Recent advances in fluorescence-based chemosensing of organoarsenic feed additives using luminescence MOFs, COFs, HOFs, and QDs
Authors: Mondal Rajdeep , Shanmughan Ananthu , Murugeswari A. , Shanmugaraju Sankarasekaran
Published: September 2023

In this review article, we have discussed the recent developments in fluorescence-based chemosensing of organoarsenic feed additives using luminescence MOFs, COFs, HOFs, and QDs.
Induced UV photon sensing properties in narrow bandgap CdTe quantum dots through controlling hot electron dynamics
Authors: Thrupthika Thankappan , Nataraj Devaraj , Ramya Subramaniam , Sangeetha Arumugam , Thangadurai T. Daniel
Published: September 2023

A signature feature demonstrating the relaxation of hot electrons in CdTe QDs. A UV photon sensor device structure from CdTe QDs.
Direct methylation of benzene with methane over Co/MFI catalysts generated by self-dispersion of Co(OH)2
Authors: Okumura Kazu , Tanaka Kai , Ohtsuki Akimichi , Iiyoshi Hikaru , Katada Naonobu
Published: September 2023

A methane–benzene reaction was performed over Co/MFI prepared with an aqueous solution of Co(OAc)2 and MFI zeolite.
Structural dynamics of a thermally silent triiron(ii) spin crossover defect grid complex
Authors: Velazquez-Garcia Jose de Jesus , Basuroy Krishnayan , Storozhuk Darina , Wong Joanne , Demeshko Serhiy , Meyer Franc , Henning Robert , Techert Simone
Published: September 2023

A triiron(II) metallogrid was studied upon temperature increase and light irradiation. While lacking thermal spin transition, time-resolved photocrystallography revealed the photoinduced and elastic steps of the out-of-equilibrium dynamics.
Effects of hazelnut protein isolate-induced food allergy on the gut microenvironment in a BALB/c mouse model
Authors: Chen Chen , Sang Ziqing , Xie Qiang , Xue Wentong
Published: September 2023

We established a hazelnut protein isolate (HPI)-allergic mouse model and the effects of HPI allergy on the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon microenvironment were investigated.
Current state of insect proteins: extraction technologies, bioactive peptides and allergenicity of edible insect proteins
Authors: Ma Zidan , Mondor Martin , Goycoolea Valencia Francisco , Hernández-Álvarez Alan Javier
Published: September 2023

This review presents recent findings on edible insect proteins and extraction techniques. Explores insect peptide bioactivity and bioinformatics to predict peptide features. Covers insect allergens and processing methods to mitigate allergenicity.
Ultrafast dynamics in plasmon–exciton core–shell systems: the role of heat
Authors: Stete Felix , Bargheer Matias , Koopman Wouter
Published: September 2023

We introduce a concise model for the ultrafast dynamics of plasmon–exciton nanoparticles. Assuming that all modulations are caused by heat, we can nicely recreate the transient spectra.
A tumor cell exosome-mimicking multifunctional nanozyme for targeted breast cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Chen Gaili , Jiang Dazhen , Ding Shuaijie , Huang Chunyu , Zhu Daoming , Jiang Huangang
Published: September 2023

A multifunctional nanozyme that mimics tumor cell exosomes (CuPy-Au@EM) was fabricated in this work for achieving a highly effective and secure cancer radiotherapy regimen.
Anisotropic charge transfer and gate tuning for p-SnS/n-MoS2 vertical van der Waals diodes
Authors: Yuan Hui , Xu Ruihan , Ren Jiale , Yang Jielin , Wang Shouyang , Tian Dongwen , Fu Yingshuang , Li Quan , Peng Xiaoniu , Wang Xina
Published: September 2023

p-SnS/n-MoS2 van der Waals heterostructure diodes with an ideality factor of ∼ 1.1 and high rectification ratio have been achieved, where a strong gate-dependent anisotropic rectification property has been tuned with the SnS channel length.
The diacetyliminoxyl radical in oxidative functionalization of alkenes
Authors: Budnikov Alexander S. , Krylov Igor B. , Lastovko Andrey V. , Dolotov Roman A. , Shevchenko Mikhail I. , Terent'ev Alexander O.
Published: September 2023

The intermolecular oxime radical addition to CC bonds was discovered employing stable and reactive diacetyliminoxyl as a novel free-radical reagent.
Asymmetric catalytic Friedel–Crafts alkylation with arenes and heteroarenes: construction of 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles
Authors: Zhang Tinghui , Zhong Ziwei , Zeng Zi , Zhu Zitong , Wang Fei , Zhang Yuxin , Liu Xiaohua , Pu Maoping , Feng Xiaoming
Published: September 2023

The asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation of 3-bromo-3-substituted oxindoles with arenes and heteroarenes was achieved to synthesize enantioenriched C3-arylated oxindoles.
Impact of LiBOB additive on cycle-performance degradation of lithium mono-chelated borate electrolytes: minimize the crosstalk-derived deterioration
Authors: Takahashi Mikihiro , Hesaka Hayato , Tsutsumi Hiromori , Katayama Yu
Published: September 2023

The capacity decay and high resistance after the cycle test are improved by the LiBOB-derived solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The SEI suppressed the formation of crosstalk species at the negative electrode and effectively reduced the increase in resistance of the positive electrode.
Ultrasound-assisted-one-pot synthesis and antiplasmodium evaluation of 3-substituted-isoindolin-1-ones
Authors: Mardjan Muhammad Idham Darussalam , Hariadi Muhamad Fadhly , Mustika Chessy Rima , Saifurofi' Hamzah Shiddiq , Kunarti Eko Sri , Purwono Bambang , Commeiras Laurent
Published: September 2023

A library of 3-substituted-isoindolin-1-ones has been synthesized from 3-alkylidenephtalides and primary amines through one-pot reaction under ultrasonic irradiation. Four isoindolin-1-ones have great potential to be antiplasmodium candidates.
Synthesis of an aggregation-induced emission-based fluorescent probe based on rupestonic acid
Authors: Cui Zhichao , Zhang Yucai , Zhang Zhonghui , Abudurexiti Adila , Yusuf Abdulla
Published: September 2023

Chinese herbal medicine and Chinese patent medicine have been widely applied for cancer care in China. Rupestonic acid, an active ingredient of Artemisia rupestris L., has recently been confirmed to have certain anti-tumor effects in vitro.
Thermoelectric and power generation of 2D structured pieces of graphene–nanodiamonds nanocomposite
Authors: Alsulami Ibrahim K. , Abdullahi Shittu , Alshahrie Ahmed , Salah Numan
Published: September 2023

Thermoelectric performance of small pieces of ND–Gr nanocomposite prepared under microwave irradiation.
Dielectric and energy storage properties of surface-modified BaTi0.89Sn0.11O3@polydopamine nanoparticles embedded in a PVDF-HFP matrix
Authors: Zahid Marwa , Touili Salma , Amjoud M'barek , Mezzane Daoud , Gouné Mohamed , Uršič Hana , Šadl Matej , Elamraoui Youssef , Hoummada Khalid , Kutnjak Zdravko , El Marssi Mimoun
Published: September 2023

In the most recent electronic and electric sectors, ceramic–polymer nanocomposites with high dielectric permittivity and energy density are gaining popularity.
Characterization and antimicrobial activity of a chitosan-selenium nanocomposite biosynthesized using Posidonia oceanica
Authors: Abd-Elraoof Wessam A. , Tayel Ahmed A. , El-Far Shaymaa W. , Walid Abukhatwah Omar Mohamed , Diab Amany M. , Abonama Osama M. , Assas Mona A. , Abdella Asmaa
Published: September 2023

Nanobiotechnological approaches can provide effective solutions for overcoming food products' contamination and spoilage.
Fabrication of ACP–CCS–PVA composite membrane for a potential application in guided bone regeneration
Authors: Du Qiaolin , Sun Jian , Zhou Yanyan , Yu Yadong , Kong Weijing , Chen Chaoqun , Zhou Yifeng , Zhao Ke , Shao Changyu , Gu Xinhua
Published: September 2023

This work highlights the pivotal role of ACP–CCS–PVA in GBR and provides insight into the need for biomaterial fabrication to balance mechanical strength and mineral content.
A concise synthesis route to access bioactive natural products-dihydrocurcumins/1,7-diarylheptanoids
Authors: Tripathi Datendra Nath , Rajendran Saravanakumar
Published: September 2023

A simple and concise synthetic route to access bioactive natural products, dihydrocurcumins/1,7-diarylheptanoids, in high yields.
Core–shell silica@CuxZnAl LDH catalysts for efficient CO2 hydrogenation to methanol
Authors: Lyu Meng , Zheng Jianwei , Coulthard Claire , Ren Jing , Zhao Yufei , Tsang Shik Chi Edman , Chen Chunping , O'Hare Dermot
Published: September 2023

The efficient production of methanol by reduction of CO2 using green hydrogen is a promising strategy from both a green chemistry and a carbon net zero perspective.
Biomolecular interactions studied by low-field NMR using SABRE hyperpolarization
Authors: Pham Pierce , Hilty Christian
Published: September 2023

Nuclear spin hyperpolarization by parahydrogen enables the measurement of biomolecular interactions without the need for a superconducting or permanent magnet. Observed is a fluorine signal of a purpose-designed reporter ligand for a target protein.
Layered transition metal oxides (LTMO) for oxygen evolution reactions and aqueous Li-ion batteries
Authors: Kim Yohan , Choi Eunjin , Kim Seunggu , Byon Hye Ryung
Published: September 2023

Schematic illustration of layered transition metal oxide applicating in dual purpose as oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst and aqueous Li-ion batteries cathode.
High-throughput screening of amorphous polymers with high intrinsic thermal conductivity via automated physical feature engineering
Authors: Huang Xiang , Ma Shengluo , Wu Yunwen , Wan Chaoying , Zhao C. Y. , Wang Hong , Ju Shenghong
Published: September 2023

An interpretable informatics algorithm-assisted framework has been proposed and applied for the exploration of high thermal conductivity polymers by integrating automated physical feature engineering and symbolic regression.
Metal–organic framework derived tunnel structured MnO as the cathode material for high performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Li Xianwei , Liu Qi , Ma Xudong , Liu Pengfei , Wang Donghai , Yu Xiao , Liu Yong
Published: September 2023

A novel strategy has been developed to synthesize a MOF and its derived tunnel structured MnO, which enables high discharging capacity.
Hybrids of manganese oxide and lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LLCNPs@MnO) as potential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents
Authors: Flak Dorota , Zalewski Tomasz , Fiedorowicz Katarzyna , Przysiecka Łucja , Jarek Marcin , Klimaszyk Adam , Kempka Marek , Zimna Agnieszka , Rozwadowska Natalia , Avaro Jonathan , Liebi Marianne , Nowaczyk Grzegorz
Published: September 2023

Novel contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging based on hybrid MnO/lipids were developed and they were discovered to be biocompatible and efficient systems with future potential uses.
Long non-coding RNA and ribosomal protein genes in a yeast ageing model: an investigation for undergraduate research-based learning
Authors: Hwang Gwo-Jiunn H. , Clyne Rosemary K.
Published: September 2023

The unicellular yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe are widely used eukaryotic model organisms. Research exploiting the tractability of these model systems has contributed significantly to our understanding of a wide range of fundamental processes. In this article, we outline the features of yeast that have similarly been exploited for undergraduate research training. We selected examples from published literature that demonstrate the utility of the yeast system for research-based learning embedded in the curriculum. We further describe a project which we designed for the team-based final-year dissertation projects module on our transnational joint programme, which investigates whether the expression and functions of the budding yeast RPL36 ribosomal protein paralogs are influenced by the overlapping long non-coding RNA genes. Students carry out the experimental procedures in a 2-week timetabled teaching block and exercise widely applicable biochemical techniques, including aseptic yeast cell culture and sample collection, RNA isolation, qRT-PCR quantitation, protein extraction and Western blot analysis, and cell cycle progression patterns using light microscopy and flow cytometry. It is challenging to design training programmes for undergraduates that are meaningful as well as practical and economical, but it is possible to transform active research projects into authentic research experiences. We consider yeast to be an ideal model organism for such projects. These can be adapted to the constraints of course schedules and explore fundamental biochemical topics which are evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals.
A Comparison of Sound Production Treatment and Metrical Pacing Therapy for Apraxia of Speech: A Single-Case Experimental Design
Authors: King Charlotte R. , Wambaugh Julie L. , Maas Edwin
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of two specific treatment protocols for acquired apraxia of speech (AOS): Sound Production Treatment (SPT) and Metrical Pacing Therapy (MPT), and to examine changes in communicative participation.

Method:

Four speakers with chronic AOS and aphasia were each administered SPT and MPT in a replicated crossover design (ABACA/ACABA) with nonconcurrent multiple baselines across participants and behaviors. Treatment outcomes were compared with respect to whole word correctness (WWC) for treated and untreated multisyllabic word targets. Speech intelligibility was assessed using the Chapel Hill Multilingual Intelligibility Test, and communicative participation was measured using the Communicative Participation Item Bank at baseline, washout, and follow-up phases.

Results:

Three of the four participants experienced statistically significant improvements in WWC with SPT, and three of the four participants with MPT. Based on a priori criteria, three participants demonstrated relatively greater benefit from SPT and one participant demonstrated relatively greater benefit from MPT. There were measurable improvements in intelligibility following SPT for three of the four participants. Only one participant in this investigation reported a significant change in communicative participation, and only following MPT.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated that individuals in the chronic stages of AOS can benefit from both SPT and MPT, corroborating prior research on articulatory kinematic and rate and/or rhythm control treatment approaches. It contributes a comparison of two protocols for AOS with respect to whole word targets, intelligibility, and individual self-report of communicative participation changes. More participants showed a relative advantage of SPT over MPT. One individual reported communicative participation improvement after MPT.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23971929
The Development of Predictive Gender Processing Strategies During Noun Phrase Decoding: An Eye-Tracking Study With German 5- to 10-Year-Old Children
Authors: Günther Thomas , Kirschenkern Annika , Mayer Axel , Steinke Frederike , Cholewa Jürgen
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

Many models of language comprehension assume that listeners predict the continuation of an incoming linguistic stimulus immediately after its onset, based on only partial linguistic and contextual information. Their related developmental models try to determine which cues (e.g., semantic or morphosyntactic) trigger such prediction, and to which extent, during different periods of language acquisition. One morphosyntactic cue utilized predictively in many languages, inter alia German, is grammatical gender. However, studies of the developmental trajectories of the acquisition of predictive gender processing in German remain a few.

Method:

This study attempts to shed light on such processing strategies used in noun phrase decoding among children acquiring German as their first language by examining their eye movements during a language–picture matching task (N= 78, 5–10 years old). Its aim was to confirm whether the eye movements indicated the presence of age-specific differences in the processing of a gender cue, provided either in isolation or in combination with a semantic cue.

Results:

The results revealed that German children made use of predictive gender processing strategies from the age of 5 years onward; however, the pace of online gender processing, as well as confidence in the predicted continuation, increased up to the age of 10 years.

Conclusion:

Predictive processing of gender cues plays a role in German language comprehension even in children younger than 8 years.
An overview on bipedal gait control methods
Authors: Hu Chenghao , Xie Sicheng , Gao Liang , Lu Shengyu , Li Jingyuan
Published: September 2023

Bipedal gait control has always been a very challenging issue due to the multi‐joint and non‐linear structure of humanoid robots and frequent robot–environment interactions. To realise stable and robust bipedal walking, many aspects including robot modelling, gait stability and environmental adaptivity should be considered to design the gait control method. In this paper, a general description of bipedal gait and the corresponding evaluation indicators are introduced. Moreover, the existing bipedal gait control methods are classified into model‐based gait, stability criterion‐based gait and learning strategy‐based gait and a comprehensive review is conducted. Finally, the existing challenges and development trends of bipedal gait control are presented.
A method for detecting two‐dimensional plane stress distribution in basin‐type insulator based on critically refracted longitudinal wave
Authors: Kang Zhaoyang , Ren Fuqiang , Zhang Hongru , Yang Jingjing , Hou Kaining , Li Qingquan , He Dongxin , Liu Hongshun , Zhao Yongzhi , Wen Huaxin
Published: September 2023

Basin‐type insulator often has small cracks due to stress concentration. The current method cannot accurately reflect the stress condition of the insulator to find the stress concentration areas. To solve these problems, a method for detecting two‐dimensional plane stress (δ1 and δ2) within different depth ranges in a basin‐type insulator is proposed based on critically refracted longitudinal (LCR) wave. First, the acoustoelastic equation characterising the relationship between the variation of LCR wave propagation time and the plane stress was derived. Next, the propagation characteristics of LCR wave in epoxy resin samples were investigated. Then, the stress distribution within different depth ranges of the insulator subjected to hydraulic load was measured using the proposed method, including direction (θ), δ1 and δ2. The results show that the magnitude of the stress alone cannot accurately characterise the stress state. Points with equal distances to the centre have similar stress magnitudes, but their directions are not the same. With increasing depth, θ remains essentially unchanged at the same location, while δ1 and δ2 decrease, and the rate of decrease varies at different locations. Comparing the measured and simulated data, the results showed that they were in good agreement, and the maximum errors of stress value and θ were 0.69 MPa and 2.97°, respectively, which confirmed the feasibility and accuracy of the stress detection in the proposed method.
The unusual 3D distribution of NaCl around the asymptotic giant branch star IK Tau
Authors: Coenegrachts A. , Danilovich T. , De Ceuster F. , Decin L.
Published: September 2023

Context. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a diatomic molecule with a large dipole moment, which allows for its detection even at relatively low abundances. It has been detected towards several evolved stars, including the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star IK Tau, around which it is distributed in several clumps that lie off-centre from the star.

Aims. We aim to study the 3D distribution of NaCl around the AGB star IK Tau and determine the abundance of NaCl relative to H2 for each of the clumps.

Methods. First, a new value for the maximum expansion velocity was determined. The observed ALMA channel maps were then de-projected to create a 3D model of the distribution of NaCl. This model was then used as input for the radiative transfer modelling code Magritte. We determined the NaCl abundances of each of the clumps by comparing the observations with the results of the Magritte simulations.

Results. We derive an updated value for the maximum expansion velocity of IK Tau: υexp = 28.4 ± 1.7 km s−1. A spiral-like shape can be discerned in our 3D distribution model of NaCl. This spiral lies more or less in the plane of the sky, with the distribution flatter in the line-of-sight direction than in the plane of the sky. We find clump abundances of between 9  ×  10−9 and 5  ×  10−8 relative to H2; the relative abundance is typically lower for clumps closer to the star.

Conclusions. This is the first time de-projection has been used to understand the 3D environment of molecular emission around an AGB star and to calculate the fractional abundance of NaCl in clumps surrounding the star.
Three-temperature radiation hydrodynamics with PLUTO
Authors: Muley Dhruv , Melon Fuksman Julio David , Klahr Hubert
Published: September 2023

In circumstellar disks around T Tauri stars, visible and near-infrared stellar irradiation is intercepted by dust at the disk’s optical surface and reprocessed into thermal infrared. It subsequently undergoes radiative diffusion through the optically thick bulk of the disk. The gas component, overwhelmingly dominated by mass but contributing little to the opacity, is heated primarily by gas-grain collisions. However, in hydrodynamical simulations, typical models for this heating process (local isothermality, β-cooling, and two-temperature radiation hydrodynamics) incorporate simplifying assumptions that limit their ranges of validity. To build on these methods, we developed a “three-temperature” numerical scheme, which self-consistently models energy exchange between gas, dust, and radiation, as a part of the PLUTO radiation-hydrodynamics code. With a range of test problems in 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D, we demonstrate the efficacy of our method and make the case for its applicability across a wide range of problems in disk physics, including hydrodynamic instabilities and disk-planet interactions.
Modification to the Haemonetics Cell Saver 4 Circuit
Authors: Smith M.F. , Thomas D.G. , Lindop M.J. , Dale R.F.
Published: September 2023

This paper describes a safe modification to the Haemonetics Cell Saver 4 circuit to allow the use of a pressure infusor cuff with the reinfusion bag. A presterilized ‘Y’ connector is attached to the proximal end of the Cell Saver 4 circuit and allows the inclusion of a second reinfusion bag. This second reinfusion bag can be isolated from the Cell Saver 4 circuit and the contents can be safely pressurized using an external pressure cuff. This modification is used routinely for all Cell Saver 4 cases in this hospital and has allowed constant pressure infusion of washed red cells without interruption the Cell Saver 4 processing cycle.