bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk of Prolonged Opioid Use Among Opioid-Naïve Patients After Common Shoulder Arthroscopy Procedures
Authors: Gil Joseph A. , Gunaseelan Vidhya , DeFroda Steven F. , Brummett Chad M. , Bedi Asheesh , Waljee Jennifer F.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Opioid-related morbidity and mortality are major public health concerns, and the risk of long-term opioid use after shoulder arthroscopy is not well defined.

Hypothesis:

Substance abuse disorders, pain disorders, and psychiatric conditions increase the risk for prolonged opioid use.

Study Design:

Case-control study, Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Insurance claims data from the Truven Health MarketScan Research Databases was used to identify patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy between January 1, 2010, and March 31, 2015. Opioid-naïve patients were included. New prolonged opioid use was defined as continued opioid use between 91 and 180 days after the index procedure. The authors used a multivariable logistic regression model to identify patient factors associated with the risk of new prolonged opioid use.

Results:

In this cohort of 104,154 opioid-naïve adult patients, 8686 (8.3%) developed new prolonged opioid use as defined in this study. A total of 31,768 (30.5%) filled an opioid prescription in the 30 days before surgery. Patients who had limited debridement had the highest prolonged use rate (9.0%), followed by rotator cuff repair (8.5%), anterior labrum lesion repair (8.5%), and extensive debridement (8.2%). Patient characteristics associated with the highest odds ratios (ORs) of prolonged opioid use included those who had a total opioid dose during the perioperative period that was ≥743 oral morphine equivalents (ie, at least 149 tablets of 5-mg hydrocodone) (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.9-2.1), followed by patients with a suicide and self-harm disorder (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.4), a history of alcohol dependence or abuse (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3-1.9), a mood disorder (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.4), an opioid prescription filled in the 30 days before surgery (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.4), female sex (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.3), an anxiety disorder (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.3), and a history of a pain diagnosis (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.2).

Conclusion:

The risk of prolonged opioid use after arthroscopic shoulder procedures is 8.3%, and it is higher among women and among those with greater opioid use in the early postoperative period, mental health conditions, substance dependence and abuse, and preexisting pain disorders. Patients at high risk warrant close surveillance after surgery for early recognition and management.
National School Lunch Nutrition and Cost Profile: A Case Study of the Ghana School Feeding Programme
Authors: Goldsmith Peter , Andrade Juan , Cornelius Margaret , Asigbee Mawuli , Atim Philip , Tamimie Courtney
Published: February 2019

Numerous governments in developing countries institute school lunch programs or school feeding programs as a strategy to address high malnutrition and low education rates among children. In 2005, the Ghanaian government launched the Ghana School Feeding Programme (GSFP). The GSFP policy does not document (1) the actual meal and associated nutrient profile received by the student, (2) the cost of the meal ingredients to the caterer who prepares the food, nor (3) the recipe derivations that may supply an enhanced nutritional profile. We address these 3 information gaps by employing a detailed case study of 4 caterers supplying a traditional tomato stew recipe in northern Ghana within GSFP-supported school lunch programs. Specifically, we explore the following propositions: (1) GSFP caterers can deliver a school lunch for under 100 pesewas (1 GH¢ or $0.21 USD) per student; (2) the meal meets the recommended daily allowance for protein; (3) soy can serve as a cost-effective ingredient to fortify the meal in terms of protein level and protein quality; and (4) significant differences exist in the macro- and micronutrient profile due to caterer discretion. We answer the above 4 propositions, and by doing so show the importance of accurately measuring the nutritional content, costs, and quantities of the actual school lunch under study. Second, among our results, we show the economy of locally produced soy flour as an ingredient that can lower costs and raise nutrition when substituting for other locally produced proteins such as ground beef and mackerel.
Coupled finite element and multibody systems dynamics modelling for the investigation of the bridge approach problem
Authors: El-Ghandour AI , Foster CD
Published: February 2019

Railways are the most common mode of transportation for both people and cargo due to its advantages in economy, safety, and comfort. The finite element method has been broadly used for more than three decades to model the different components of the railroad system such as rails, sleepers (cross ties), and substructure and has been used to investigate a variety of problems associated with rail mechanics. Different multibody systems dynamics software programs have also been developed to investigate the dynamic performance and contact behaviour between the rails and the wheels and to determine the contact forces. In this work, a full three-dimensional model that couples both the finite element method and the multibody systems dynamics has been used to study the railroad system. The main focus of this study is to model the bridge approach problem under dynamic load. The bridge approach problem arises from the sudden change in the foundation's stiffness under the rails at the bridge entry and exit, leading to high levels of stress and settlement that can also cause further problems over time. The effect of using a concrete slab at the bridge entry is also investigated in this study, using two slab designs: rectangular and inclined. The results show the effectiveness of the three-dimensional model and slab implementation on the forces and the vertical deformation, especially the inclined slab that applies a gradual change in the stiffness rather than a sudden change.
The changing face of the Mediterranean – Land cover, demography and environmental change: Introduction and overview
Authors: Bevan Andrew , Palmisano Alessio , Woodbridge Jessie , Fyfe Ralph , Roberts C Neil , Shennan Stephen
Published: February 2019

This paper introduces a special issue on The Changing Face of the Mediterranean: Land Cover, Demography, and Environmental Change, which brings together up-to-date regional or thematic perspectives on major long-term trends in Mediterranean human–environment relations. Particularly, important insights are provided by palynology to reconstruct past vegetation and land cover, and archaeology to establish long-term demographic trends, but with further significant input from palaeoclimatology, palaeofire research and geomorphology. Here, we introduce the rationale behind this pan-Mediterranean research initiative, outline its major sources of evidence and method, and describe how individual submissions work to complement one another.
Environmental Determinants of Chinese Development Finance in Africa
Authors: Gellers Joshua C. , Jeffords Chris
Published: February 2019

To what extent are decisions regarding Chinese investment in Africa motivated by environmental factors? A considerable body of work has examined the determinants of foreign aid among traditional donors, producing useful debates about the relative significance of recipient need or merit and donor interest. But far less scholarly effort has focused on the motivations of emerging donors and the role of environmental factors in influencing aid allocation. In an attempt to fill these gaps, this article uses statistical techniques to test the hypothesis that China deliberately invests in African countries with poor environmental performance for reasons related to recipient need or donor interest. Drawing upon project-level data regarding investments made by China in Africa from 2002 to 2012, the analysis suggests that Chinese development assistance grows commensurate with a country’s environmental performance, but only to a point. After a state achieves a certain level of environmental quality, Chinese investments decline.
Coercive Control, Domestic Violence, and a Five-Factor Framework: Five Factors That Influence Closeness, Distance, and Strain in Mother–Child Relationships
Authors: Katz Emma
Published: February 2019

Some mother–child relationships become more strained and distant than others in domestic violence contexts, but the processes influencing this are little understood. Qualitative interviews with 15 mothers and 15 children were held to explore their experiences. Findings suggested that five interlinked factors influenced levels of closeness, distance, and strain in mother–child relationships: (1) perpetrator’s/father’s behavior toward children, (2) perpetrator’s/father’s use of domestic violence, (3) perpetrator’s/father’s undermining of mother–child relationship, (4) mother’s ability to emotionally connect to children, and (5) children’s views of mother and perpetrator/father. These findings have global significance for services and practitioners who work with domestic violence–experienced mothers and children and may help to tailor responses more effectively to mothers’ and children’s needs.
Multimodal imaging of torpedo maculopathy including adaptive optics
Authors: Hugo Juliette , Beylerian Marie , Denion Eric , Aziz Aurore , Gascon Pierre , Denis Danièle , Matonti Frédéric
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

The etiology of torpedo maculopathy remains unknown, but it has been recently suggested that it could represent a persistent defect in the development of the retinal pigment epithelium. As retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors form a functional unit, an alteration of photoreceptor distribution or function is predictable. The aim of this study is to describe multimodal imaging, including adaptive optics, in three cases of torpedo maculopathy, and discuss its pathogenesis.

Methods:

Multimodal imaging is presented, including fundus photographs, optical coherence tomography, adaptive optics, autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, and ultra-widefield retinal imaging in three cases of torpedo maculopathy.

Results:

An oval-shaped well-delimited chorioretinal lesion both hypopigmented centrally and with a hyperpigmented border in the temporal macula, consistent with torpedo maculopathy, was observed in three patients. Optical coherence tomography showed a preservation of the inner retina, a mild atrophy of the outer retina, an alteration of the ellipsoid zone and of the retinal pigment epithelium layer, and a neurosensory detachment. These lesions were hypoautofluorescent with a hyperautofluorescent border. Fluorescein angiography showed a hyperfluorescence by window effect. Adaptive optics imaging showed an alteration of the cone mosaic within the lesions, with a lower cone density and a higher spacing between cones.

Conclusion:

The alteration of the cone mosaic suggested by adaptive optics in torpedo maculopathy has never been described and could be explained by the alteration of the retinal pigment epithelium. Our results support the existing hypothesis on the pathogenesis of torpedo maculopathy that a persistent defect in the development of the retinal pigment epithelium may be responsible for this clinical entity.
A model for the vibrator–ground coupling vibration and the dynamic responses under excitation of sweep signal
Authors: Li Gang , Huang Zhi-Qiang , Lian Zhang-Hua , Hao Lei
Published: February 2019

To analyze the behavior of the vibrator–ground coupling vibration, a model containing equivalent dynamic stiffness and equivalent dynamic damping to describe the interaction between the vibrator and the ground is established based on half-space theory. According to load cell test, this model shows a good agreement with the experimental data. Dynamic responses of the structure are analyzed on displacement, velocity, acceleration, and ground force. Results show that the stroke and pump displacement are main constraints that limit the bandwidth of vibrator toward low frequency, and the stroke of conventional vibrator is not long enough to achieve lower frequency. Analysis of velocity response indicates that with the increase of frequency, a larger mass results in a lower velocity under external force. The influence of the ground acting on the baseplate is limited, and the acceleration of the baseplate is determined by its own mass beyond 80 Hz. Analysis of ground force shows that the response of the structure can be divided into three stages. The reaction mass, the baseplate, and the ground play different roles in dominating the ground force at different frequency bands.
Modeling and optimization of multi-component materials selection and sizing problem
Authors: Giudice Fabio , Fargione Giovanna , Caponetto Riccardo , La Rosa Guido
Published: February 2019

Most of the research on materials selection has been characterized by a basic approach to the problem, isolating material choice from the other design variables, and focusing on single components. Instead, a complete approach aimed at optimizing material selection cannot be set aside from component sizing, and the analysis of constraints between components, that characterize the sub-assemblies or the whole system, and can influence the material choice itself. In this paper, a structured method to approach the simultaneous materials selection and sizing optimization of multi-component assemblies is proposed. It is based on a modeling of the problem, fully generalized in its formalization, so as to be applicable to the various cases, and formulated in order to take into account the systemic vision that must have the optimal choice in a multi-component perspective, and its close connection with the sizing of geometric variables, to effectively meet the required performances. In this regard, an efficiency criterion, which provides for the choice of material and variables sizing gauged on real needs, is also introduced. After presenting the framework and formalization of the method, the problem of searching for the best solution has been discussed. With regard to this, a genetic algorithm has been specifically developed according to the peculiarities of the generalized formulation, with the aim of enhancing the heuristic potential of the concurrent material choice and sizing approach in multi-component environment, in the search for the optimal solution. The application to a sub-system of a widely used plant device is reported in detail, so that use and capacity of the structured method are detailed and discussed.
Ethnic fusion in migration: The new Russian–Mizrahi pop-culture hybrids in Israel
Authors: Prashizky Anna
Published: February 2019

A fascinating new phenomenon aimed at redrawing the boundaries of two different (and conflicted) ethnic groups – Russian and Mizrahi (North African and Middle Eastern) Israeli Jews – is increasingly visible in recent years. Young, Russian-speaking, ethnic entrepreneurs have invented the hybrid cultural trope of ‘Mizrahi or Mediterranean Russianness’ expressed in various popular culture venues: video-clips, festivals, public events, and music and dance performances they produced. This counter-intuitive merger reflects the mainstreaming of Mizrahi styles and genres in the Israeli culture. It also challenges the Orientalist attitudes towards Mizrahim prevalent among Russian immigrants in Israel, especially the older generation. Drawing upon several vivid examples from the Russian-Israeli cultural scene, the present article sheds new light on the mechanisms of ethnic fusion and hybridity in migration and their role in the ongoing integration process of young immigrants belonging to Generation 1.5. I argue that ethnocultural fusion can function as a means for ethnic revival, solidarity and the claim for belonging among young immigrant adults.
Laparoscopic Microwave Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma at Liver Surface: Technique Effectiveness and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhang Xiao-Yu , Lu Xiaojie , Zhai Bo
Published: February 2019

Background and Aims:

To evaluate long-term outcomes and prognostic factors of laparoscopic microwave ablation as a first-line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma located at the liver surface not feasible for percutaneous ablation.

Methods:

51 consecutive patients receiving laparoscopic microwave ablation in our center between January 11, 2012, and July 31, 2014, were enrolled. Technique effectiveness (complete ablation or incomplete ablation) was evaluated 1 month postprocedure. Procedure-related complications were recorded. The influences of patients’ baseline characteristics on recurrence-free survival and overall survival were analyzed after a median follow-up of 34.0 (ranging 19.0-49.0) months.

Results:

Complete ablation was gained in 47 (92.2%) of the 51 patients. No patients died within 30 days of microwave ablation procedure. A total of 3 (5.9%) cases of complications were observed. Tumor progression/recurrence were observed in 40 patients (78.4%). The median recurrence-free survival and median overall survival of the total cohort was 11.0 months (95% confidence interval: 7.573-14.427) and 34.0 months (95% confidence interval: 27.244-40.756), respectively. Multivariate analysis identified alanine transaminase level and tumor number as independent significant prognosticators of recurrence-free survival whereas α-fetoprotein level as significant prognosticators of overall survival.

Conclusions:

As a first-line treatment, laparoscopic microwave ablation provides high technique effectiveness rate and is well tolerated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma located at liver surface. Alanine transaminase and tumor number were significant predictors of recurrence-free survival, whereas α-fetoprotein level was significant predictor of overall survival. Laparoscopic microwave ablation might serve as a rational treatment option for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with tumors at the liver surface, which merits validation in future perspective studies.
Longitudinal study of carotid artery bifurcation geometry using magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: NGO Minh Tri , Kwak Hyo Sung , Ho Chung Gyung , Koh Eun Jeong
Published: February 2019

Objectives

Geometry of carotid artery has been known as a risk factor for atherosclerotic carotid disease. Though aging and disease progression can both attribute to geometric changes in the arteries, the exact nature of this phenomenon remains elusive. The aim of our study was to investigate carotid artery geometric changes in a longitudinal study.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of 114 subjects who underwent carotid contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography at our clinic at baseline (2005 to 2007) and after 10 years. The right carotid arteries were segmented using semi-automated methods to obtain various measurements of carotid artery geometry. For each patient, these parameters were assessed at both time points, including bifurcation angle, internal carotid artery angle, vessel diameter, and circumference.

Results

The median age for the total patient population ( n = 114) at baseline was 59.06 ± 10.40 years. Mean time interval between baseline magnetic resonance angiography and magnetic resonance angiography after 10 years of these patients was 129.18 ± 7.77 months. For the whole group, there was a significant increase in the bifurcation angle ( p < 0.05) over a 10-year period. A significant increase was also noted in the diameter and circumference of the common carotid artery ( p < 0.05). However, the other vessel diameters and circumferences (bulb carotid, internal carotid) as well as the internal carotid angle did not significantly change ( p ≥ 0.05).

Conclusions

The diameter and circumference of the common carotid artery and bifurcation angle significantly increased over a decade of life.
Wear performance of inverted non-conforming bearings in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Banci Lorenzo , Meoli Alessio , Hintner Martin , Bloch Hans Rudolf
Published: February 2019

Background

Glenoid component failures still represent the most common complication in total shoulder arthroplasty. These failures depend on several factors, including ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear. One reason for UHMWPE wear in total shoulder arthroplasty may be the current use of a spherical prosthetic humeral head against a radially mismatched UHMWPE glenoid component, which leads to reduced glenohumeral translations, glenoid edge loading and high translational forces during shoulder motions. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro wear of an anatomic total shoulder prosthesis with non-spherical non-conforming bearings with inverted conventional materials.

Methods

The wear of a vitamin E-blended UHMWPE non-spherical humeral head articulating against a non-conforming titanium-niobium nitride (TiNbN)-coated metallic glenoid was tested using a joint simulator. The wear test was performed by applying a constant load of 756 N with angular motions and translations.

Results

After 2.5 million cycles, the mean wear rate of the humeral head was 0.28 ± standard deviation (SD) 0.45 mg/million cycles.

Conclusion

The low wear rate of the vitamin E UHMWPE humeral head supports the use of non-spherical non-conforming bearings with inverted conventional materials in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty.
West-Central Asia: A comparative analysis of students’ trajectories in Russia (Moscow) from the 1980s and China (Yiwu) from the 2000s
Authors: Tirado Diana Ibañez
Published: February 2019

Through an exploration of oral history and ethnographic material, this article makes a comparative examination of the life-trajectories of students from Yemen, Iraq, and Afghanistan who studied in Russia (Moscow) during the late 1980s, and from Tajikistan, Iran, Azerbaijan and Saudi Arabia who studied in China in the 2000s. In contrast to the cohort of students in Moscow who were mainly men from places with relatively amicable relations with the USSR, the female students of Muslim background from West and Central Asia regarded China as a place where they could pursue fulfilling forms of economic and personal autonomy. By comparing these two groups of international students, this article sheds light into the nature of historical, geographical and geopolitical connections and disconnections between West-Central Asia, Eurasia (especially Russia) and East Asia (especially China). By centring its attention to the demise of Soviet/Russian education and the emergence of China as a figure of economic prosperity, the article theorises West-Central Asia as a particular arena of interaction suitable to comprehend the networks, ‘third spaces’ or zones of interaction (e.g. Moscow and Yiwu), and forms of connection fostered by these students’ trajectories.
The conditional effect of technological change on collective bargaining coverage
Authors: Meyer Brett , Biegert Thomas
Published: February 2019

Recent work in labor economics has shown that technological change has induced labor market polarization, an increase in demand for both high and low skill jobs, but declining demand for middle skill routine task jobs. We argue that labor market polarization should affect firms’ participation in collective agreements, but only in countries where laws automatically extending collective agreements to nonparticipating firms are weak. We develop an argument in which labor market polarization increases the distance between different skill groups of workers in both preferences for unionization and leverage to realize those preferences. Because of this, an increase in labor market polarization should be associated with a decline in collective bargaining coverage. We test our hypothesis about collective agreement extension and collective bargaining coverage in a cross-national sample of 21 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries from 1970 to 2010 and our hypothesis about labor market polarization in German firm-level and industry-level data from 1993–2007. We find a negative relationship in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development sample between technological change and collective bargaining coverage only in countries that make little or no use of extension procedures. We find that higher workforce skill polarization is associated with lower collective agreement participation in both German firm-level and industry-level samples.
Antibiotic-laden cement wrap: A simple but effective way of treating patients with megaprosthesis infection
Authors: Lam Ying-Lee , Yau Raymond , Ho Kenneth WY , Ho Pak-Leung
Published: February 2019

Infection is one of the commonest causes for megaprosthesis failure. The current treatment includes antibiotics but no surgery, debridement, prosthesis removal and joint fusion, prosthesis revision or amputation. Success in controlling infection may be less than 50% in implant revision. The overall risk of amputation is more than 20%. We believe that repeated debridement with antibiotic-laden cement wrap (ALCW) may be a reliable alternative for managing the megaprosthesis infection. The purposes of this article are to identify whether ALCW is an effective way of eradicating the megaprosthesis infection, the associated complications and the functional outcome after management by ALCW.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study of patients with megaprosthesis infection. From January 2014 to June 2016, there were five patients with tumour megaprosthesis infection who had undergone the ALCW procedure. Ages ranged from 17 to 59 years of age. Male to female ratio was 4:1. The patients studied had humeral (1), proximal femoral (1), distal femoral (1) and proximal tibial (2) prostheses. All patients had follow-ups more than 1 year (21–52 months) after treatment.

Results:

All patients recovered from their implant infection and the implants were retained in all patients. There was no sign of infection in the most recent follow-up. One patient died of osteosarcoma recurrence. One patient had a large block of cement causing plastic insert dislodgement in the shoulder joint 1 year after surgery. Another patient with a dislocated hip cup had revision carried out in the final debridement. The most recent Musculoskeletal Tumor society (MSTS) scores ranged from 21 to 30. All patients were satisfied with their treatment.

Conclusions:

In this preliminary report of a small number of patients, ALCW has achieved 100% infection control. ALCW may be an easy and effective alternative for managing the megasprosthesis infection. The complications associated can be avoidable. The functional outcome is excellent.
Shoulder and Elbow Range of Motion Can Be Maintained in Major League Baseball Pitchers Over the Course of the Season, Regardless of Pitching Workload
Authors: McGraw Michael H. , Vrla Michael , Wang Dean , Camp Christopher L. , Zajac John M. , Pearson Dave , Sinatro Alec A. , Dines Joshua S. , Coleman Struan H.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Studies examining the evolution of shoulder and elbow range of motion (ROM) in baseball pitchers over a single season have yielded inconsistent results.

Purpose:

To evaluate shoulder and elbow ROM in Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers over a single season and to assess for correlations between these changes and measures of a pitcher’s workload.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Bilateral shoulder ROM (internal rotation [IR], external rotation [ER], and total range of motion [TROM]) was assessed in 92 MLB pitchers pre- and postseason. Shoulder forward flexion (FF) was measured in 64 pitchers, horizontal adduction (HA) was measured in 87 pitchers, and elbow ROM was measured in 86 pitchers. Data collected included demographics (age, height, weight, and body mass index) and measures of workload for pitchers (pitches thrown, innings pitched, and mean fastball velocity). Pitchers were not specifically excluded if they had an injury during the season but had recovered and were actively pitching at the time of postseason measurements. The change in motion from pre- to postseason was measured and the associations with player demographics and workload were calculated by use of the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results:

On average, pitchers demonstrated an increase in dominant shoulder ER from 118.8° to 125.4° ( P < .001) and TROM from 173.1° to 181.7° ( P < .001). HA was increased by an average of 15.7° ( P < .001). The average shoulder IR ( P = .189), FF ( P = .432), and elbow ROM (flexion, P = .549; extension, P = .185) remained similar over the span of the season. Average glenohumeral IR deficit did not increase. Pitcher demographics and measures of throwing workload (total pitches thrown, innings pitched, mean fastball velocity) were not significantly correlated with changes in shoulder or elbow ROM.

Conclusion:

Significant increases in dominant shoulder ER, TROM, and HA were identified in MLB pitchers over the course of a single baseball season. These ROM changes were not correlated with measures of pitching workload.
Ambedkar’s Feminism: Debunking the Myths of Manu in a Quest for Gender Equality
Authors: Sharma Meenakshi
Published: February 2019

This article focuses on the role of Dr B. R. Ambedkar in the empowerment of women through mobilization of the womenfolk against the subjugation meted out to them by the caste and gender hierarchy in order to maintain the existing caste structures. Ambedkar realized the need for women to become the torchbearers of the new reformed society which is both casteless and classless in nature. He therefore advocated a companionate relationship between men and women as opposed to the master–slave relationship that Manu propagated in Manusmriti. In order to achieve such a feat, the need of the hour was to free women from the bounds imposed upon them by the existing Brahmanical social order which treated them as subservient to men and wholly dependent on their male counterparts. Manu’s idea of a woman was of a subhuman being in need of stringent control by her male relations. This article seeks to answer the question—why it was imperative to control women thus? Women, owing to their reproductive potential, have the ability to dismantle the caste purity by reproducing outside of their castes. Hence, their ideological suppression becomes essential to the enterprise of maintaining caste purity. For this purpose, several ritualistic tools had to be put in place to extinguish the threat of women’s sexuality.
Formation of the Inclusive Environments and Metrics in Biology Education and Research (iEMBER) Network: Building a Culture of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Authors: Tennial Rachel E. , Solomon Erin D. , Hammonds-Odie Latanya , McDowell Gary S. , Moore Michael , Roca Alberto I. , Marcette Jana
Published: February 2019

The Inclusive Environments and Metrics in Biology Education and Research (iEMBER) network is a newly forming national community of practice that engages diversity, equity, and inclusion stakeholders in interdisciplinary collaborative projects. iEMBER was initiated with incubator funding from the National Science Foundation program for Research Coordination Networks in Undergraduate Biology Education. In June 2017, biology education researchers, social scientists, biologists, and program and policy administrators, all with interests in diversity, equity, and inclusion, met to lay the foundation for the iEMBER network. iEMBER provides a distinct forum to coordinate efforts through networking, professional development, and the initiation of collaborative research. iEMBER advances science, technology, engineering, and mathematics reform focused on diversity, equity, and inclusion through the initiation of research teams at the iEMBER biennial conference and outreach efforts at discipline-specific meetings and conferences. The focus of iEMBER is on understanding how to create inclusive, supportive, and engaging environments to foster the success of all biology students and trainees. This report focuses on the structure of the iEMBER network, two takeaways that emerged from the 2017 conference (interdisciplinary networking/collaboration and intradisciplinary broadening participation strategies), and ways for prospective members to engage in ongoing dialogue and future events. Learn more at http://iember.org .
Informing thresholds for paediatric transfusion in Africa: the need for a trial
Authors: Maitland Kathryn , Ohuma Eric O. , Mpoya Ayub , Uyoga Sophie , Hassall Oliver , Williams Thomas N.
Published: February 2019

Background: Provision of adequate supplies of donor blood for paediatric transfusion remains a challenge. Guidelines recommend restrictive transfusion practices, based on expert opinion. We examined whether survival among children admitted to hospital varied by admission haemoglobin status and whether this was influenced by malaria infection and/or transfusion.

Methods: A retrospective analysis in an unselected population of children admitted to a rural district hospital in Kenya over an 8-year period. We describe baseline parameters with respect to categories of anaemia and outcome (in-hospital death) with respect to haemoglobin, malaria and transfusion status.

Results: Among 29,226 admitted children, 1,143 (3.9%) had profound anaemia (Hb <4g/dl) and 3,469 (11.9%) had severe anaemia (Hb 4-6g/d). In-hospital mortality was; 97/1,143 (8.5%) in those with Hb<4g/dl and 164/2,326 (7.1%) in those with severe anaemia (Hb ≥4.0-<6g/dl). Admission Hb <3g/dl was associated with higher risk of death versus those with higher Hbs (OR=2.41 (95%CI: 1.8 - 3.24; P<0.001), increasing to OR=6.36, (95%CI: 4.21–9.62; P<0.001) in malaria positive children. Conversely, mortality in non-malaria admissions was unrelated to Hb level. Transfusion was associated with a non-significant improvement in outcome if Hb<3g/dl (malaria-only) OR 0.72 (95%CI 0.29 - 1.78), albeit the number of cases were too few to show a statistical difference. For those with Hb levels above 4g/dl, mortality was significantly higher in those receiving a transfusion compared to the non-transfused group. For non-malarial cases, transfusion did not affect survival-status, irrespective of baseline Hb level compared to children who were not transfused at higher Hb levels.

Conclusion: Although severe and complicated anaemia is common among children admitted to hospital in sSA (~16%), our data do not indicate that outcome is improved by transfusion irrespective of malaria status. Given the limitations of observational studies, clinical trials investigating the role of transfusion in outcomes in children with severe anaemia are warranted.
Performance as Religious Observance in Some Śaiva Ascetic Traditions from South and Southeast Asia
Authors: Acri Andrea
Published: February 2019

My essay synthesizes, and elaborates on, previous research on the overlaps between performative arts and ascetic traditions of the Śaiva Atimārga in South and Southeast Asia. My analysis focuses mainly on textual data from Sanskrit and Old Javanese literature from the 4th to the 15th centuries, with contributions from modern and contemporary ethnography of Java and Bali. Here I will argue that categories of Śaiva practitioners who combined dance, recitation, and drama in both areas may derive from a shared tantric fund, and that those low-status agents characterized by antinomian behaviours were not only driven by ideals of individual salvation or quest for powers, but also contributed to their local social milieus (i.e. as ‘folk’ entertainers) and ritual economies (i.e., as performers attached to temples and royal palaces).
Global care chains and the spectral histories of care migration
Authors: Tungohan Ethel
Published: February 2019

This article unearths hidden narratives that have been ignored in care migration research by using intersectional, decolonial and queer approaches. I examine the following: the accounts of a child of a migrant caregiver versus the child of a migrant caregiver’s employer; caregiver ‘Clara’s’ experience when working for an employer who was a surrogate grandmother; and caregiver ‘Linda’s’ lived experiences of being in a same-sex partnership in Canada while still being legally married to a man in the Philippines. Ultimately, I show how care migration research benefits from considering the ‘spectral histories’ that are part of people’s encounters with care migration.
Missing families and villages: the care deficit faced by rural left-behind children in China and its implications
Authors: Wen Ya , Xie Jingrong
Published: February 2019

Drawing on in-depth interviews with 21 left-behind children, guardians, local officials and social workers, the article explores the care deficit issues faced by Chinese rural left-behind children and their families. The preliminary findings show that despite improved family economic conditions, the care deficit arising from parental migration may have a negative impact on children’s long-term development. The study contributes to the understanding of Global Care Chains and the underlying process through which new social inequity is reproduced through labour migration and the resultant care deficits.
Prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal protozoa in Madura cattle at Bangkalan Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hastutiek Poedji , Yuniarti Wiwik Misaco , Djaeri Mufasirin , Lastuti Nunuk Dyah Retno , Suprihati Endang , Suwanti Lucia Tri
Published: February 2019

Aim: This study aimed to describe the gastrointestinal protozoa in Madura cattle at Bangkalan Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 samples of Madura cattle feces were collected from 10 districts at Bangkalan Regency. Those ten districts represent the lowland and upland areas, and each district was represented by one village. The collected feces were examined using native, sedimentation, and floating methods. The species identification was determined by their morphology. Results: There were 357 (71.4%) samples positively infected with protozoan. The highest rate of sample with protozoan infection was at Kamal District (88.23%), and Bangkalan District (52.83%) was the lowest one. There were six species of protozoa that infected gastrointestinal tract; those are Eimeria spp., Balantidium spp., Isospora spp., Blastocystis spp., Entamoeba spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. The highest number of protozoa found in this research was Eimeria (53.42%) followed by Blastocystis (14.43%). In this study, we found that 295 samples (58.76%) infected by one kind of protozoa, 53 samples (10.56%) infected by two kinds of protozoa, and 11 samples (2.19%) infected by three kinds of protozoa. In addition, there were 65.54% of bulls infected with protozoa, considerably lower than cows (72.97%). Cattle aged 6 months-2 years old (73.39%) and >2 years old (71.25%) are known more prone to protozoan infections than cattle aged <6 months (66.15%). Conclusion: The present study revealed that protozoan infection of cattle is common in Bangkalan Regency. Studies focused on determining that the prevalence of protozoan, risk factors for the parasitism, and the geographic distribution are needed and will be effective guide for prevention and control measures.
TRANSFORMAÇÕES SOCIAIS, FORMAS DE EDUCAÇÃO E APRENDIZAGENS
Authors: Valença Vera Lúcia Chacon
Published: February 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as relações entre as transformações sociais, as formas de educação e as aprendizagens, a partir de uma revisão teórica sobre o tema. Observou-se que os autores não entendem da mesma maneira as noções de educação formal, não formal e informal; que tais noções estão articuladas aos contextos sociais dos diferentes países; que o conceito de aprendizagem, com o passar dos tempos, foi sendo ampliado, tanto no que diz respeito aos espaços e  ao tempo; que novos paradigmas sobre as aprendizagens surgiram, incluindo as noções de experiência e participação; que o uso da trilogia é mais importante nos projetos políticos que nos acadêmicos. Duas novas modalidades de educação surgiram no quadro disciplinar ou interdisciplinar: uma descritiva, que tem por base as dimensões educativas, que possibilita a elaboração de perfis educativos; outra que relaciona os contextos aos conteúdos educativos, possibilitando o traçado tipológico da educação.
A EDUCAÇÃO PARA A ESPIRITUALIDADE E A PROTEÇÃO AO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE COMPORTAMENTOS DE RISCO NA ADOLESCÊNCIA
Authors: Pauly Evaldo Luís , De Campos Flores Cristine Gabriela
Published: February 2019

Diversos estudos têm identificado a religiosidade e a espiritualidade como fatores de proteção ao desenvolvimento de comportamentos de risco na adolescência. Este artigo apresenta um estudo de caso que buscou investigar as dimensões pedagógicas presentes nas práticas religiosas de um grupo de adolescentes pertencentes a uma igreja evangélica do município de Canoas/RS, os quais atuam como fator de proteção na adolescência. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis jovens que atuam como líderes do grupo de adolescentes da instituição religiosa participante da pesquisa. Para a análise dos dados, utilizaram-se os princípios da grounded-theory ou teoria fundamentada nos dados. A análise permitiu compreender que as práticas de religiosidade do grupo investigado promovem o que se denomina de educação para a espiritualidade, que cria condições para que seus membros desenvolvam constructos, como fortalecimento pessoal e sentido de vida, elementos que podem agir de forma protetiva.Palavras-chave: Educação. Espiritualidade. Religiosidade.
Encenação e Aspecto: inflexões estilísticas na mise en scène da obra seriada televisiva de Aaron Sorkin
Authors: Picado Benjamim
Published: February 2019

Propomos aplicar uma heurística da análise de formatos seriados de televisão, considerando sistemas de redundância textual e de horizontes estéticos de recepção (consignados pela história da arte como “marcas de estilo” das obras). Observamos o funcionamento de elementos da encenação audiovisual dos seriados, no estatuto “aspectual” que guia o reconhecimento dessas obras, na acolhida presumida dessas marcas estilísticas nos tecidos narrativo e plástico das séries. Como campo de provas dessa vigência aspectual do estilo em seriados televisivos, elegemos a obra do dramaturgo estadunidense Aaron Sorkin, nos concentrando sobre o caso de The West Wing, na cooperação continuada estabelece entre ele e seus encenadores.
Westworld: complex TV, puzzle narratives and paratexts
Authors: Cabral Martins Ana
Published: February 2019

This essay presents an examination of the HBO television series Westworld and of the complexity of its narrative structure. The series is part of a trend Jason Mittell identified as “complex TV” as it exhibits many characteristics that pertain to that category. At the same time, the complexity of Westworld is displayed through a puzzle structure, which fosters a dependency of its viewers on “orienting paratexts” that help when it comes to analyzing and recapitulating the television show, parsing out the clues and offering an overarching solution. Alongside the many paratexts surrounding and dedicated to exploring Westworld, television criticism takes on a more urgent role for this show’s devoted and “forensic” audience. While Westworld is a relevant text to examine when it comes to analyzing complexity in contemporary television, it is especially exemplary as a text that necessitates its paratexts in order to provide the full experience.
Design (tele-)audiovisual: os gestos de montagem em Black Mirror
Authors: Szafir Milena
Published: February 2019

Na busca por uma filosofia do atual tele-audiovisual, como a série Black Mirror nos afeta? Montagem comumente é associada a três operacionalidades entre a transparência e a opacidade: 1. as lógicas do cinema clássico – continuidade (raccords) e inserções da paralela (ou alternada) –, 2. as dialéticas vanguardistas da escola soviética e 3. os “subversivos” jump cut e split screen. No entanto, a potência da obra se dá através de outros gestos de montagem. Esse ensaio é uma análise crítica sobre as estéticas da imagem-montagem ali presentes: operacionalidades reflexivo-criativas do design em movimento na remixabilidade profunda das artes e das técnicas.
“Talvez fosse uma loucura, talvez começasse a escavar outro filme nesse filme…”. Entrevista com Pedro Costa sobre o restauro de Os Verdes Anos e Mudar de Vida, de Paulo Rocha
Authors: Vieira Lisboa Ricardo
Published: February 2019

Entrevista ao realizador Pedro Costa a propósito do seu envolvimento no restauro de Os Verdes Anos e Mudar de Vida de Paulo Rocha. Assim como sobre a relação dos dois cineastas e as possibilidades do restauro digital como ferramenta de re-escrita de uma obra.
Prehistoria książki
Authors: Kotuła Sebastian Dawid
Published: February 2019

Książka tradycyjna pojawiła się w XV wieku. Jej powstanie wymagało szeregu projektów pośrednich. Wszystkie one określane są mianem proto-książek (inaczej także historycznych postaci książek, paraksiążek), tzn. prototypów książek sensu stricto, czyli dzisiejszych. Jednakże proto-książki również nie powstały w próżni, lecz były wynikiem projektów wcześniejszych: pre-książek, które powstawały w czasach prehistorycznych, czy paleo‑książek, powstających głównie w paleolicie. Sama wreszcie książka sensu stricto stała się podstawą do opracowania projektów cyfrowych postaci książek, które określa się jako post‑książki. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie najwcześniejszego etapu rozwoju książki, czyli okresu rozpoczętego w paleolicie (zwłaszcza górnym). Artykuł prezentuje główne kategorie prehistorycznych postaci książek. W wyniku analizy dostępnych źródeł literaturowych opracowano aktualny stan badań w zakresie prehistorycznych początków książki. Realizacja tak zakrojonego programu badawczego pozwoliła uporządkować wiedzę w zakresie prehistorii książki. W rezultacie powstało syntetyczne ujęcie prezentujące najwcześniejsze etapy rozwoju form, które z czasem doprowadziły do pojawienia się w krajobrazie medió masowych kodeksowej książki drukowanej.
Ekslibrisy Brunona Schulza. „Księgoznaki” o utajonym erotyzmie
Authors: Grodź Iwona
Published: February 2019

Tematem tekstu są ekslibrisy Brunona Schulza, które autor Sklepów cynamonowych wykonywał dla znajomych. Są to przede wszystkim wyobrażenia związane z erotyką. Bardzo często o dość „mrocznej proweniencji”, gdyż nawiązują do masochistycznych wątków jego twórczości, demonicznych kobiet i ich nieokiełznanej siły zmysłowej. Na marginesie wskazane zostają też inne drobiazgi wizualne: szkice, projekty, cegiełki, zaproszenia, tzw. druki ulotne. Stają się one ważne o tyle, o ile pozwalają wyjaśnić genezę ekslibrisów pisarza. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, że biblioteki i przestrzeń wirtualna, jak pokazał czas, to miejsca, obszary współczesnej aktywności archiwistycznej, twórczej i odbiorczej, które pozwalają te wszystkie materiały skatalogować, utrwalić, zachować, a więc powołać do życia raz jeszcze… dla przyszłych pokoleń.
Stowarzyszenie Bibliotekarzy Polskich. Przeszłość i teraźniejszość 1917–2017, red. Jadwiga Konieczna, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Stowarzyszenia Bibliotekarzy Polskich 2017, s. 452. ISBN 978-83-64203-83-1
Authors: Wojciechowski Jacek
Published: February 2019

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Dynamic research support for academic libraries, red. Starr Hoffman, London: Facet Publishing 2016, s. 154. ISBN 978-1-78330-049-5
Authors: Andruszko Hanna
Published: February 2019

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Jiří Trávníček, Česká čtenářská republika: Generace, fenomény, životopisy, Brno: Host 2017, s. 445. ISBN 978-80-88069-50-8
Authors: Dymmel Anna
Published: February 2019

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Jan Sydor (1942–2018)
Authors: Bręcz Elżbieta
Published: February 2019

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Published: February 2019

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