bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Protective Protocols during COVID-19 Pandemic and Older Patients’ Outcomes from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Authors: Hongpaitoon Palinee , Sermsuti-anuwat Nithimar , Siriwatana Kiti
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES: According to COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand, the Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University (DCU) implemented the protective protocols across all groups of people, with no specific protocols for the elderly patents. This study aimed to review those protocols and its impact on the older patients’ treatment outcomes in the OMFS clinic, DCU and identify the potential areas for improvement.

METHODS: This observational study based on secondary data was conducted using the DCU-COVID-19 protocols and outcome data obtained from the DCU online database from March 26 to May 31, 2020. The descriptive approach was used for data analysis.

RESULTS: According to the DCU guidelines, all clinics strictly adhered to standard precautions, all health personnel were required to use personal protective equipment (PPE). Of the 853 older patients who visited the DCU, 35 (4.1%) received urgency or emergency treatments at the OMFS clinic; 19 (54.3%) were females, and 16 (45.7%) were males (mean age, 71.03 years). The most common chief complaint was pain (n = 23; 65.7%). No reports of COVID-19 transmission were received among dental staff and patients in the DCU. Additionally, none of the elderly patients returned to the clinic complaining of recurrence or worsening of symptoms or without a scheduled appointment.

CONCLUSIONS: The DCU-COVID-19 protective protocols for all patients, including older patients who attended the OMFS, appear to be appropriate and effective. However, telephone-based recall after surgical treatment at the clinic should be used, particularly for older patients.
Organic and Mineral Source of Nitrogen Associated With Azospirillum brasilense in Culture of Wheat
Authors: Basso Claudir José , Brondani Marcelo Stefanello , Soares Eveline Ferreira , Marinho Taylene Borges da Silva , Silva Antônio David Bortoluzzi , Souza Fernanda Marcolan de , Silva Diecson Ruy Orsolin da , Feltes Janine Diéle , Silva Rodrigo Ferreira da
Published: November 2021

Nitrogen fertilization in wheat is the item that most impacts production costs when it comes to fertilization, due to its importance and demand for this crop. Thus, organic fertilization and nitrogen fixing bacteria can be management strategies to supply the nitrogen demand. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of the bacterium A. brasilense associated with organic fertilization and mineral fertilization on some plant parameters and on the final productivity of wheat grains. The experimental design was a randomized block, with 8 treatments and 8 repetitions, with the following treatments: T1: Control; T2: A. brasilense; T3: 100% N-mineral; T4: 100% N-mineral + A brasilense; T5: 50% N-mineral + 50% N-organic; T6: 50% N-mineral + 50% N-organic + A. brasilense; T7: 100% N-organic; T8: 100% N-organic + A. brasilense. The parameters of the plant and the final productivity of wheat grains showed that the use of the bacterium A. brasilense was not an efficient strategy, however, in relation to the fertilization sources in the final grain productivity, the use of urea isolated or associated with organic fertilization did not differ from each other and were superior to the other treatments.
Influence of Organic and Organo-Mineral Fertilizers on Growth and Fruit Yield of Eggplant on Acidic Soil
Authors: Kouassi Yéboua F. , Abobi Akré H. D. , Assié Kouadio H. , Koné Wowo A. , Angui Kouassi T. P.
Published: November 2021

Eggplant is a very important vegetable and economic resource crop for populations in urban areas of developing countries. Its cultivation, on acidic coastal soils of Côte d’Ivoire, presents several edaphic constraints. This study aims to assess the effects of organic fertilizers and an organo-mineral fertilizer, as compared to mineral fertilizers, on the growth and eggplant yield on an acid soil. The experiment was carried out in a randomized Fisher block, with 4 treatments and a control repeated 3 times. Treatments consisted of organic and organo-mineral fertilizers, a liquid organic fertilizer and a mineral fertilizer application. Application rates of organic and organo-mineral fertilizers were 17.5 t ha-1. The liquid organic fertilizer rate was 1 L per 200 L ha-1 of water. As for the mineral fertilizer, the formula 0-23-19 and urea (46-0-0) were used, bringing rates of 138 kg ha-1 (N), 65.35 kg ha-1 (P2O5) and 54 kg ha-1 (K2O). The organo-mineral fertilizer used produced the best effects. Very highly significant (p < 0.001) growth, such as plant height and collar diameter, were 52.69 and 1.49 cm, respectively, 90 days after transplanting. Concerning yield, statistical analysis showed highly significant differences (p < 0.01) between treatments. The highest fruit yield (20.87 t ha-1) was recorded in mineral fertilizer plot, but not significantly different from those of plots with organo-mineral (17.55 t ha-1) and organic (16.66 t ha-1) fertilizers. Organo-mineral fertilizers, based on highly enriching organic materials, are capable to contribute to a lasting improvement in the practice of this crop.
STATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF OFFSET 8-LOBE JOURNAL
BEARINGS
Authors: Strzelecki Stanisław
Published: November 2021

The 8-lobe journal bearings have found application in the bearing systems of spindles of grinding machines.
The design of bearings and the large number of lobes and oil grooves assures good cooling conditions of
bearing. These bearings can be manufactured as the bearings with cylindrical, non-continuous operating
surfaces separated by six lubricating grooves, bearings with the pericycloidal shape of the bearing bore, and
as offset journal bearing.
This paper presents the results of the computation of static characteristics of an offset 8-lobe journal bearing
operating under the conditions of an aligned axis of journal and bush, adiabatic oil film, and at the static
equilibrium position of journal. Different values of bearing length to diameter ratio, relative clearance, and
lobe relative clearance were assumed. Reynolds' energy and viscosity equations were solved by means of an
iterative procedure. Adiabatic oil film, laminar flow in the bearing gap, and aligned orientation of journal in
the bearing were considered.
Walking on Eggshells: Impacts of the Changing Political Conjuncture on Women’s and Gender Studies Centres in Turkey
Authors: Dağ Deniz , Çubukçu Sevgi Uçan , Binder Charlotte , Karakaşoğlu Yasemin
Published: November 2021

Following the second wave feminist movement, Women’s and Gender Studies (WGS) started to institutionalise at universities in Turkey in the late 1980s. The first ‘Women’s Studies Centre’ was established at Istanbul University in 1989. By 2017, there were around a hundred Women’s and Gender Studies Centres (WGSCs) in Turkey, scattered throughout the whole country, both in public and private universities. This article is based on thirteen expert interviews and institutional material collection from theoretically selected seven cases of WGSCs. In the study, we show the significance of several nationally and internationally influential actors, processes, and institutions that altogether prepped the political setting for the institutionalisation and transformation processes of the WGSCs in Turkey in the time span from late 1980s to 2017. We conclude that the field was influenced by international networks and processes up until the 2010s and in the post-2010 period, the main source of political influence having an impact on the institutional landscape of WGSCs becomes domestic political factors. We interpret this as 1) the discovery of ‘gender’ as a political and scientific category in international outlets and its adaptation to the national level; and 2) a growing interest in making the discovery of ‘gender’ visible in the field of higher education. This paper is based on findings of the empirical project ‘Women’s and Gender Studies in Turkey: Institutionalisation and Transformation’ (Jan. 2017-Dec. 2019).
Root-Knot Nematodes a Major Peril to Protected Cultivation System in India: Current Status and its Management
Authors: A. Patil Jaydeep , Yadav Saroj
Published: November 2021

Growing of vegetable crops under protected conditions are relatively, an innovative technology and most popular among farmers throughout the country. In last few decades protected cultivation has shown potential enhancement in horticultural production. The southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is an emerging nematode under protected conditions. This nematode can cause chlorosis, stunting and reduce yields associated with the induction of many root galls on host plants. Root-knot nematode severely affect the plant root system by inducing specialized feeding cells i.e., giant cells in the vascular tissues. Recently, this nematode has been considered as a worldwide menace for combat root-knot nematodes, integrated nematode management strategies such as soil solarization, biological control, organic amendment, crop rotation, field sanitation, and fumigants have been developed and successfully used in the past. Here, in this book chapter discussed on biology and life cycle, control measures and proposed future strategies to improve Megalaima incognita management under protected conditions.
Terahertz Nano-Imaging with s-SNOM
Authors: M. Wiecha Matthias , Soltani Amin , G. Roskos Hartmut
Published: November 2021

Spectroscopy and imaging with terahertz radiation propagating in free space suffer from the poor spatial resolution which is a consequence of the comparatively large wavelength of the radiation (300 μm at 1 THz in vacuum) in combination with the Abbe diffraction limit of focusing. A way to overcome this limitation is the application of near-field techniques. In this chapter, we focus on one of them, scattering-type Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy (s-SNOM) which − due to its versatility − has come to prominence in recent years. This technique enables a spatial resolution on the sub-100-nm length scale independent of the wavelength. We provide an overview of the state-of-the-art of this imaging and spectroscopy modality, and describe a few selected application examples in more detail.
Value of Fecal Calprotectin Measurement During the Initial Period of Therapeutic Anti-Tubercular Trial
Authors: Jo Hyeong Ho , Kim Eun Young , Jung Jin Tae , Kwon Joong Goo , Kim Eun Soo , Lee Hyun Seok , Lee Yoo Jin , Kim Kyeong Ok , Jang Byung Ik ,   the Crohn’s and Colitis Association in Daegu-Gyeongbuk
Published: November 2021

Background/Aims: The diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) is often challenging. Therapeutic anti-tubercular trial (TATT) is sometimes used for the diagnosis of ITB. We aimed to evaluate the changing pattern of fecal calprotectin (FC) levels during TATT in patients with ITB.Methods: A retrospective review was performed on the data of 39 patients who underwent TATT between September 2015 and November 2018 in five university hospitals in Daegu, South Korea. The analysis was performed for 33 patients with serial FC measurement reports.Results: The mean age of the participants was 48.8 years. The final diagnosis of ITB was confirmed in 30 patients based on complete mucosal healing on follow-up colonoscopy performed after 2 months of TATT. Before starting TATT, the mean FC level of the ITB patients was 170.2 μg/g (range, 11.5-646.5). It dropped to 25.4 μg/g (range, 11.5-75.3) and then 23.3 μg/g (range, 11.5-172.2) after one and two months of TATT, respectively. The difference in mean FC before and one month after TATT was statistically significant (p<0.001), and FC levels decreased to below 100 μg/g in all patients after one month of TATT.Conclusions: All ITB patients showed FC decline after only 1 month of TATT, and this finding correlated with complete mucosal healing in the follow-up colonoscopy after 2 months of TATT.
Reconstruyendo espacios productivos de mujeres en contextos de migración. Violencias y dinámicas laborales a través del análisis de fuentes judiciales en la ciudad de Punta Arenas, s. XIX-XX
Authors: Margarit Daisy , Boric Ljuba
Published: November 2021

Este artículo da cuenta de una reflexión sobre el proceso de proletarización de la mujer migrante en la región de Magallanes a fines del siglo xix y comienzos del siglo xx, priorizando una perspectiva teórica en torno a un enfoque de género, dependencias laborales y discursos en el interior de los juzgados, con el fin de entregar visibilidad a las mujeres migrantes como sujetos históricos. A través de un análisis cualitativo de distintas fuentes judiciales revisadas a contrapelo, se coloca en diálogo la relación entre el ciclo migratorio y las dinámicas laborales de la mujer en el sistema salarial. Tanto para las mujeres inmigrantes como para las migrantes provenientes de distintas regiones de Chile, el proceso migratorio en la región de Magallanes se constituyó en primer término como experiencia de asimilación e integración a una organización social y económica sostenida en relaciones de fuerza, obediencia y dominación. Una situación que, especialmente para las mujeres migrantes trabajadoras, estableció un conjunto de opresiones, restricciones y violencias que las posicionaron en un lugar de precariedad en la escala de estimaciones sociales.
Catatan Editor mengenai edisi khusus “Tanggapan terhadap COVID-19”: Kontribusi ilmu psikologi sosial terhadap situasi pandemi
Authors: Kiling Indra Yohanes , Savitri Setiawati Intan , Ardi Rahkman
Published: November 2021

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Social media fatigue pada mahasiswa di masa pandemi COVID-19: Peran neurotisisme, kelebihan informasi, invasion of life, kecemasan, dan jenis kelamin
Authors: Rahardjo Wahyu , Qomariyah Nurul , Mulyani Indah , Andriani Inge
Published: November 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memeriksa apakah neurotisisme, kelebihan informasi, invasion of life, dan kecemasan memengaruhi social media fatigue pada mahasiswa yang belajar di rumah karena pandemi COVID-19. Partisipan penelitian ini berjumlah 639 orang mahasiswa dari kawasan Jabodetabek dan beberapa kota lain yang aktif menggunakan media sosial sebagai sarana belajar di rumah dan juga mencari dan menerima berbagai informasi. Teknik analisis utama yang digunakan adalah regresi hierarkis. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa secara bertahap masing-masing variabel seperti neurotisisme, kelebihan informasi, invasion of life dan kecemasan memiliki pengaruh terhadap terjadinya social media fatigue pada mahasiswa. Namun demikian pada tahap terakhir ketika kecemasan dipertimbangkan dalam perhitungan maka neurotisisme menjadi tidak berpengaruh. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan besarnya pengaruh kelebihan informasi terhadap social media fatigue dan lebih rentannya kelompok mahasiswa pria untuk mengalami social media fatigue saat belajar di rumah selama pandemi COVID-19.
Stigma terhadap Orang dengan Gangguan Mental: Pengaruh informasi status gangguan mental terhadap penilaian daya tarik fisik pada mahasiswi S1 Psikologi
Authors: Celina Althea Mutiara , Arjadi Retha
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh informasi tentang status gangguan mental terhadap penilaian daya tarik fisik pada mahasiswi S1 Psikologi, dengan sampel mahasiswi S1 Fakultas Psikologi Unika Atma Jaya. Penelitian menggunakan metode randomized pretest-posttest control group design dengan teknik kontrol blocking. Pemberian pretest-posttest menggunakan visual analogue scale dilakukan untuk mengukur penilaian partisipan atas daya tarik fisik objektif dan subjektif dari model laki-laki yang ditampilkan melalui foto. Di kelompok eksperimen (n=31, Mean usia=20,48, SD=1,18), partisipan diberikan informasi yang menunjukkan bahwa model memiliki gangguan mental skizofrenia, sedangkan di kelompok kontrol (n=32, Mean usia=20,59, SD=1,13), partisipan diberikan informasi yang menunjukkan bahwa model sehat secara mental. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa informasi status gangguan mental berpengaruh secara signifikan pada penilaian daya tarik fisik secara objektif (U=405.000, n1=31, n2=32, p<0,05) dan subjektif (U=116.000, n1=31, n2=32, p<0,05). Pada post-test, skor daya tarik fisik model menurun secara signifikan pada kelompok eksperimen dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol, baik secara objektif maupun subjektif. Ini menunjukkan bahwa mereka yang mempelajari ilmu Psikologi tidak sepenuhnya dapat memandang individu dengan gangguan mental secara netral dalam konteks yang personal, dalam hal ini ketertarikan fisik dalam konteks romantis. Studi lanjutan pada topik ini masih diperlukan.
The hepatic AMPK-TET1-SIRT1 axis regulates glucose homeostasis
Authors: Zhang Chunbo , Zhong Tianyu , Li Yuanyuan , Li Xianfeng , Yuan Xiaopeng , Liu Linlin , Wu Weilin , Wu Jing , Wu Ye , Liang Rui , Xie Xinhua , Kang Chuanchuan , Liu Yuwen , Lai Zhonghong , Xiao Jianbo , Tang Zhixian , Jin Riqun , Wang Yan , Xiao Yongwei , Zhang Jin , Li Jian , Liu Qian , Sun Zhongsheng , Zhong Jianing
Published: November 2021

Ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) is involved in multiple biological functions in cell development, differentiation, and transcriptional regulation. Tet1 deficient mice display the defects of murine glucose metabolism. However, the role of TET1 in metabolic homeostasis keeps unknown. Here, our finding demonstrates that hepatic TET1 physically interacts with silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1) via its C-terminal and activates its deacetylase activity, further regulating the acetylation-dependent cellular translocalization of transcriptional factors PGC-1α and FOXO1, resulting in the activation of hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression that includes PPARGC1A, G6PC, and SLC2A4. Importantly, the hepatic gluconeogenic gene activation program induced by fasting is inhibited in Tet1 heterozygous mice livers. The adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators metformin or AICAR—two compounds that mimic fasting—elevate hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression dependent on in turn activation of the AMPK-TET1-SIRT1 axis. Collectively, our study identifies TET1 as a SIRT1 coactivator and demonstrates that the AMPK-TET1-SIRT1 axis represents a potential mechanism or therapeutic target for glucose metabolism or metabolic diseases.
INDICADORES PARA O GERENCIAMENTO DA FAUNA EM AEROPORTOS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO AEROPORTO INTERNACIONAL DE CAMPO GRANDE, MATO GROSSO DO SUL
Authors: Aravéchia Júnior José Carlos , Espíndula Araújo Prado Júlia
Published: November 2021

O objetivo do estudo foi estabelecer indicadores para avaliar o desempenho do gerenciamento da fauna em aeroportos e testá-los no Aeroporto Internacional de Campo Grande. Foi utilizado como base a NBR 14.031/2004 que dá diretrizes acerca da Avaliação de Desempenho Ambiental que é um processo de gestão interna que utiliza indicadores para fornecer informações sobre uma organização no que diz respeito ao seu desempenho ambiental. Ao todo, foram criados quatorze indicadores. Neste estudo de caso, o Aeroporto Internacional de Campo Grande obteve nota 4,2, em uma escala de 1 (um) a 5 (cinco), sendo que o desempenho do Aeroporto foi considerado “bom”. Os indicadores possibilitaram identificar oportunidades de melhoria no Aeroporto, entre elas a retirada das instalações e equipamentos desativados e/ou abandonados, indicador que teve a menor nota dentre todos.
COMUNICAÇÃO DE CRIMES AMBIENTAIS NA ZONA RURAL DE SOLEDADE-RS E ANÁLISE DO USO DO SOLO POR SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO
Authors: Da Costa Maria José Nascimento , Wiederkehr Fabiane , Lara Daniela Mueller de , Richter Marc François , Prestes Marta Martins Barbosa
Published: November 2021

Crimes ambientais são condutas ou atividades que degradam a qualidade ambiental de forma direta ou indireta. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a comunicação de crimes ambientais na zona rural de Soledade-RS, entre 2012 e 2018, relacionando-as com a modificação do uso do solo, através do sensoriamento remoto. Para o levantamento das ocorrências, realizou-se consulta documental nos registros físicos do Departamento do Meio Ambiente. A análise de imagens foi realizada por meio do software gratuito Spring® e imagens do satélite LANDSAT. Os resultados indicaram que de vinte e sete comunidades rurais existentes em Soledade, quinze receberam comunicação de crimes ambientais no período, totalizando cento e quatorze registros. As comunicações de crimes ambientais foram sobre recursos florestais (51%) e recursos hídricos (49%), sendo que a notificação mais frequente foi a supressão de vegetação nativa (32%). A análise do uso do solo por sensoriamento remoto indicou que 21% do território municipal é coberto por mata, sem evidências de alteração entre 2012 e 2018. O número crescente de comunicações de crimes ambientais no período indica a necessidade de políticas de conscientização ambiental, para a adoção de práticas de produção conservacionistas.
Medicine Usage Behavior among Common People of Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Islam Md. Monirul , Manik Md. Imran Nur , Zobayed Abu , Tabassum Fatema , Noor Furhatun
Published: November 2021

Medication usage behavior of people is an important concern for health authorities worldwide. This study was aimed to find the prevalence of self-medication, perception about drug storage, dosage regimen, side effects and missing doses of prescribed medications among people of Bangladesh. The study also aimed at the different factors that regulate the above-mentioned behavior of people from different regions of the country. This cross-sectional study was performed using an online questionnaire form that was distributed randomly among the people. A total of 1028 respondents took part in the survey. Different statistical operations were done on the responses and the results were presented were using tables and graphs. Among the participants, 31.52% often practiced self-medication and 26.94% did it rarely. There was a significant correlation between self-medication and educational qualification (p=0.023) and residence (p<0.001) variables. The tendency to not completing the dosage regimen is high in villages (44%) than urban (35%) and semi-urban (38%) areas. The rate of not recovering the missing doses is higher (40%) among the people with a low level of education than the educated people (27%). This study showed a significant correlation among medicines usage behavior and educational qualification and residential area of the participants. The policymakers should take steps to increase awareness about the safe use of medicines among common people of rural area.
Characterization of Novel Brazilians Rhizosphere Soil Trichoderma spp. to Select Effective Biocontrol Agents against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Beans
Authors: Carvalho Filho Magno Rodrigues de , Da Silva Lincon Rafael , Costa Muniz Paulo Henrique Pereira , Carvalho Daniel Diego Costa , De Mello Sueli Corrêa Marques
Published: November 2021

Trichoderma spp. are fungus considered one of the most attractive for biological control due to its different mechanisms action against plant pathogens and action to promote plant growth and productivity. The molecular characterization of this group of antagonists is of great importance for conducting studies in the area of biodiversity and for identifying and selecting the possibility of their use in biological control. Objective of this work was to identify 29 Trichoderma isolates based on molecular profiles and phylogenetic analysis sequence the rRNA gene ITS1-5-8S-ITS2, as well as to select the isolates that presented the highest levels of antagonism against S. sclerotiorum and that promoted growth in common bean using experiments in vitro and in a greenhouse. Among the sequences obtained, a total of five different Trichoderma species were identified: T. asperellum, T. harzianum, T. koningiopsis, T. brevicompactum and T. tomentosum. The Trichoderma isolates used showed a variation in the mycelial inhibition of the pathogen by non-volatile metabolites between 84.11% to 100%. Regarding the dry weight of the plants treated with Trichoderma and the pathogen, it was observed that ten Trichoderma isolates promoted plant growth in relation to the control with a variation of 2.6% to 34%. T. asperellum CEN201 proved to be the best candidate to participate in a broader selection that would include field tests for the biological control of S. sclerotiorum and growth promotion in common bean, as in the laboratory and at home of vegetation showed great success in inhibiting the pathogen and promoting plant growth.
If We Postulate Atomic and ± Subatomic Particles are Size Particles and Satisfy the Schrodinger Equation, what will be the Inferences?
Authors: Chen Sennian
Published: November 2021

In quantum mechanics, atomic and subatomic particles are treated as waves. The idea of wave function and wave function collapse brought us great success but left us different opinions. Is there a way it can avoid the different opinions and give us more? We try to postulate directly that these particles are size particles and satisfy the Schrodinger equation. Start from the general solution of free particle’s Schrodinger equation, we will prove: (i) To satisfy the Schrodinger equation, the size particle must possess a circular polarized structure of the plane vector（a complex number）like the electric vector E in the circular polarized light; its modular is mass density. (ii) These particles fall into two categories: they have the same sign of negative charge e or positive charge e, but different directions of mass density and charged helices, like left handed electron and right handed electron etc. (iii) The spin of the particle has its mechanism, it is formed by the motion of the helices structure of mass plus intrinsic self rotation. (iv) Negative charge e (or positive charge e) distributes double helically on the particle side boundary. It produces and carries a circular polarized electric field E with the same velocity of the particle. It forms a circular polarized E-wave. This wave will be proved is just the de Broglie wave and the E-wave function is just the particle’s state function in quantum mechanics. Such charged particle is consisted of the particle itself and the de Broglie wave; they form a particle-wave hybrid structure. The E- wave exhibits all possible states with possibility in the atom, molecule or interference pattern; as for the particle itself, it cannot split into two or move with two velocity at the same time. It can only locate at one basic state any moment, such as in an eigen state of the atom or at a point in the interference pattern. It is the self-interference of the hybrid structure of the particle makes the one after one single particle form double-slits interference.
PELI1 promotes radiotherapy sensitivity by inhibiting noncanonical NF‐κB in esophageal squamous cancer
Authors: Dai Dongfang , Zhou Hongping , Yin Li , Ye Fei , Yuan Xiao , You Tao , Zhao Xiaohui , Long Weiguo , Wang Deqiang , He Xia , Feng Jifeng , Chen Deyu
Published: November 2021

The low sensitivity of radiotherapy is the main cause of tumor tolerance against ionizing radiation (IR). However, the molecular mechanisms by which radiosensitivity is controlled remain elusive. Here, we observed that high expression of pellino E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (PELI1) was correlated with improved prognosis in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma stage III patients that received adjuvant radiotherapy. Moreover, we found PELI1‐mediated IR‐induced tumor cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, PELI1 mediated the lysine 48 (Lys48)–linked polyubiquitination and degradation of NF‐κB–inducing kinase (NIK; also known as MAP3K14), the master kinase of the noncanonical NF‐κB pathway, thereby inhibiting IR‐induced activation of the noncanonical NF‐κB signaling pathway during radiotherapy. As a consequence, PELI1 inhibited the noncanonical NF‐κB–induced expression of the anti‐apoptotic gene BCL2 like 1 (Bclxl; also known as BCL2L1), leading to an enhancement of the IR‐induced apoptosis signaling pathway and ultimately promoting IR‐induced apoptosis in tumor cells. Therefore, Bclxl or NIK knockdown abolished the apoptosis‐resistant effect in PELI1‐knockdown tumor cells after radiotherapy. These findings establish PELI1 as a critical tumor intrinsic regulator in controlling the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiotherapy through modulating IR‐induced noncanonical NF‐κB expression.
Computed Tomographic Assessment of Hooking-Related Injuries in Recreationally Angled Blue Marlin
Authors: Houck Emma L. , Cohen Eli B. , Harms Craig A. , Runde Brendan J. , Rudershausen Paul J. , Buckel Jeffrey A.
Published: November 2021

Acute morbidity and mortality of marlins (family Istiophoridae) in hook-and-line fisheries have been studied; however, there has been little or no investigation of the skeletal injuries incurred from terminal tackles that could lead to decreased rates of postrelease survival. The objective of this study was to evaluate skeletal injuries in recreationally angled Atlantic Blue Marlin Makaira nigricans from the 2019 Big Rock Blue Marlin Tournament in Morehead City, North Carolina. We examined heads of six Blue Marlin that were angled using artificial lures rigged with J-hooks and harvested for weigh-in. The head of each Blue Marlin was scanned using computed tomography (CT) and examined with gross dissection. The CT interpretation revealed that two Blue Marlin had minimally displaced fractures of the maxilla, one of which also had a fracture to the lachrymal bone. These radiographic lesions were associated with penetrating hook injuries. The CT images also revealed degenerative changes within the quadrate-articular joint in four Blue Marlin, which was associated with fish weight; the causes and consequences of these degenerative changes are unknown. Although the hooking-related jaw fractures likely result in acute pain, their impact on postrelease morbidity is unknown and the impact on postrelease mortality is suspected to be small.
Factors Associated With the Initiation and Retention of Patients With Lupus in the Chronic Disease Self‐Management Program
Authors: Falasinnu Titilola , Bao Gaobin , Brady Teresa J. , Lim S. Sam , Drenkard Cristina
Published: November 2021

Objective

The Chronic Disease Self‐Management Program (CDSMP) is designed to enhance patients' self‐efficacy and skills to manage their chronic illness. There is compelling evidence for the benefits of the CDSMP among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, little is known about predictors of participation among Black women with SLE. We examined factors associated with CDSMP initiation and completion in this population.

Methods

We studied 228 Black women with SLE who consented to attend a CDSMP workshop. We used logistic regression to calculate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for being a CDSMP initiator (a participant registered into the CDSMP who attended at least 1 of the first 2 weekly classes) and a CDSMP completer (a participant who completed at least 4 of 6 weekly classes).

Results

The majority of participants were CDSMP initiators (74% [n = 168]). Of those, 126 (75%) were CDSMP completers. Older age (adjusted OR [ORadj] 1.03 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.00–1.06]) and unemployment/disability (ORadj 2.05 [95% CI 1.05–4.14]) increased the odds of being a CDSMP initiator. The odds of initiating the CDSMP decreased by 22% for each additional child in the household (OR 0.78 [95% CI 0.62–0.98]), but this association became nonsignificant in the adjusted model (ORadj 0.89 [95% CI 0.68–1.18]). The only factor that differed significantly between CDSMP completers and noncompleters was age, with 4% higher odds of being a completer for each additional year of age (ORadj 1.04 [95% CI 1.00–1.07]).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that young Black women with SLE face barriers to attend and complete in‐person CDSMP workshops, possibly in relation to work and child care demands.
Predictors of Perceived Functional Status in Early Systemic Sclerosis: A Prospective Longitudinal Study of an Early Disease Cohort
Authors: Chernis Julia , Buni Maryam , Kazzaz Sarah , Ying Jun , Lyons Marka , Assassi Shervin , Mayes Maureen
Published: November 2021

Objective

The modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (M‐HAQ) is a well‐established patient‐reported outcome measure in systemic sclerosis (SSc) studies that reflects how a patient functions in several categories of activities of daily living. This study analyzed clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic factors that predict M‐HAQ scores over time.

Methods

This study included 388 patients with baseline M‐HAQ scores from the Genetics versus Environment in Scleroderma Outcome Study (GENISOS) early disease cohort with a mean disease duration of 2.5 years, mean follow‐up time of 3.9 years, and median follow‐up of 7.2 years. A total of 1,950 M‐HAQ measurements were analyzed. Baseline disease characteristics were recorded, and the association of these characteristics with the M‐HAQ score was analyzed at baseline and longitudinally.

Results

Lower income and education levels, older age, and more severe skin involvement at enrollment were independent predictors of worse perceived functional disability over time (i.e., higher longitudinal M‐HAQ levels). Higher longitudinal modified Rodnan skin scores correlated with higher M‐HAQ scores, whereas higher longitudinal forced vital capacity percentage predicted values correlated with lower M‐HAQ scores over time (P < 0.001 for both univariable and multivariable analyses). Moreover, higher baseline M‐HAQ scores predicted higher mortality (hazard ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.52, P = 0.003).

Conclusion

This large, longitudinal study of early disease SSc demonstrates that severity of skin disease and socioeconomic factors such as educational level and income are important predictors of perceived functional disability in SSc.
Exceptionally High Power Factor Ag2Se/Se/Polypyrrole Composite Films for Flexible Thermoelectric Generators
Authors: Li Yating , Lou Qing , Yang Jianmin , Cai Kefeng , Liu Ying , Lu Yiming , Qiu Yang , Lu Yao , Wang Zixing , Wu Miaomiao , He Jiaqing , Shen Shirley
Published: November 2021

A facile method to prepare flexible n‐type Ag2Se/Se/polypyrrole (PPy) composite films is developed. First, Ag2Se nanostructures (NSs) are wet chemically synthesized; PPy is then in situ polymerized at the surface of the Ag2Se NSs; and finally, the Ag2Se/Se/PPy composite film on a porous nylon membrane is fabricated by a vacuum‐assisted filtration process followed by hot pressing. An optimal composite film shows an exceptionally high power factor of ≈2240 µW m−1 K−2 at 300 K, mainly because of the synergistic effect between well‐developed crystalline Ag2Se grains and a small amount of Se and PPy. The film also possesses outstanding flexibility (only about 6.5% decrease in electrical conductivity after 1000 times bending along a rod with a radius of 4 mm). Moreover, a flexible thermoelectric generator composed of six legs of the film outputs a voltage of 21.2 mV and a maximum power of 4.04 µW (corresponding power density of 37.6 W m−2) at a temperature difference of 34.1 K, verifying exceptionally high thermoelectric properties. This work shows the promise of the as‐prepared composite film for practical applications in wearable devices and will surely promote the research and development of flexible TE generators.
Dense Crystalline–Amorphous Interfacial Sites for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Li Dan , Qin Yanyang , Liu Jia , Zhao Hongyang , Sun Zongjie , Chen Guangbo , Wu De‐Yin , Su Yaqiong , Ding Shujiang , Xiao Chunhui
Published: November 2021

The crystalline‐amorphous (c–a) heterostructure is verified as a promising design for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts due to the concerted advantages of the crystalline and amorphous phase. However, most heterostructures via asynchronous heterophase synthesis suffer from the limited synergistic effect because of the sparse c–a interfaces. Here, a highly efficient and stable OER electrocatalyst with dense c–a interfacial sites is reported by hybridizing crystalline Ag and amorphous NiCoMo oxides (NCMO) on the nickel foam (NF) via synchronous dual‐phase synthetic strategy. In 1 m KOH, the as‐obtained Ag/NCMO/NF catalyst exhibits a low OER overpotential of 243 mV to attain 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 67 mV dec−1. Theoretical calculations indicate that the c–a interface can efficiently modulate the electronic structure of the interfacial sites and lower the OER overpotential. Besides, in situ Raman spectroscopy results demonstrate that the c–a interfacial sites can promote the irreversible phase transition to the metal oxy(hydroxide) active phase, and the dense c–a interfaces can stabilize the active phase during the whole OER process.
Multifunctional Metamaterials for Energy Harvesting and Vibration Control
Authors: Xu Xianchen , Wu Qian , Pang Yaokun , Cao Yunteng , Fang Yuhui , Huang Guoliang , Cao Changyong
Published: November 2021

Multifunctional metamaterials (MFMs) capable of energy harvesting and vibration control are particularly attractive for smart structures, wearable/biointegrated electronics, and intelligent robotics. Here, a novel MFM based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which can harvest environmental energy and reduce vibration simultaneously, is reported. The unit cells of the MFM consist of a local resonator, an integrated contact‐ separation mode TENG, and spiral‐shaped connecting beams. A multiphysics theoretical model is developed for quantitatively evaluating the performance of the MFM by including the mechanical and electrical fields interactions, which is further validated by experimental testing. It is demonstrated that the TENG‐based MFM can not only effectively harvest vibration energy to power electronics but also dramatically suppress low‐frequency mechanical vibration. This work provides a new design and model for developing novel TENG‐based MFMs for advanced smart systems used in a variety of applications.
Peptide Polymer‐Doped Cement Acting as an Effective Treatment of MRSA‐Infected Chronic Osteomyelitis
Authors: Wu Yueming , Lin Yaofa , Cong Zihao , Chen Kang , Xiao Ximian , Wu Xue , Liu Longqiang , She Yunrui , Liu Shiqi , Zhou Ruiyi , Yin Gang , Shao Xiaoyan , Dai Yidong , Lin Haodong , Liu Runhui
Published: November 2021

Chronic osteomyelitis is a painful and serious disease normally caused by infected surgical prostheses or infected fractures. Currently, antibiotic‐loaded cements are extensively used as the treatment in clinical practice. However, the quick emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria has resulted in a formidable challenge in treating chronic osteomyelitis, such as the chronic osteomyelitis caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Aiming to address MRSA‐infected chronic osteomyelitis, an antibacterial peptide polymer doped polymethylmethacrylate bone cement pellets (PMMA@polymer) is prepared. The peptide polymer is designed as the synthetic mimic of host defense peptide and enables PMMA@polymer to have notable advantages, including complete release of antibacterial agent from PMMA, potent and robust activity against MRSA even after autoclave and enzymatic treatment, and low susceptibility to antibacterial resistance. PMMA@polymer showed potent in vitro activities against MRSA, superior in vivo therapeutic efficacy in a rabbit chronic osteomyelitis model, and low toxicity during the treatment. These advantages and the easy preparation of PMMA@polymer altogether suggest the great potential of PMMA@polymer as an effective treatment of MRSA‐infected chronic osteomyelitis. This study opens new avenues in developing antibacterial biomaterials for the treatment of chronic orthopedic infections, frequently caused by drug‐resistant bacteria.
Unveiling the Interplay among End Group, Molecular Packing, Doping Level, and Charge Transport in N‐Doped Small‐Molecule Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Ge Gao‐Yang , Li Jia‐Tong , Wang Juan‐Rong , Xiong Miao , Dong Xue , Li Zu‐Jian , Li Jiu‐Long , Cao Xiao‐Yu , Lei Ting , Wang Jin‐Liang
Published: November 2021

Doped small molecules with high electrical conductivity are desired because they typically show a larger Seebeck coefficient and lower thermal conductivity than their polymer counterparts. However, compared with conjugated polymers, only a few small molecules can show high electrical conductivities. In this study, three n‐type small‐molecule organic semiconductors with different end functional groups are synthesized to explore the reasons for the low electrical conductivity issue in n‐doped small‐molecule semiconductors. Charge carrier mobility and doping level are usually considered as two major parameters for achieving high electrical conductivity. TDPP‐ThIC with high electron mobility of 0.77 cm2 V−1 s−1 and high electron affinity, which can be easily n‐doped; however, it only displays an electrical conductivity ≈10−3 S cm−1. To explore the reasons, the single crystal structure of TDPP‐ThIC and the grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering of its n‐doped films are carefully analyzed. TDPP‐ThIC with a 1D column packing is disclosed and easily distorted by the enthetic n‐dopants, which damages the charge transport pathways, and thereby results in low electrical conductivity. The results suggests that only high intrinsic charge carrier mobility and high doping level cannot guarantee high electrical conductivity, and keeping good charge transport pathways after doping is also critical.
Dual‐Design of Nanoporous to Compact Interface via Atomic/Molecular Layer Deposition Enabling a Long‐Life Silicon Anode
Authors: Fang Jia‐Bin , Cao Yan‐Qiang , Chang Shao‐Zhong , Teng Fu‐Rui , Wu Di , Li Ai‐Dong
Published: November 2021

The rapid and reversible lithiation/delithiation of silicon materials remains a challenging yet marvelous goal. Herein, harnessing the “nanoporous to compact” gradient design, a dual‐film consisting of flexible porous zincone and rigid compact TiO2 (zincone/TiO2) is controllably deposited onto a silicon electrode using molecular layer deposition and atomic layer deposition techniques. This dual‐film can tailor the stress and ionic diffusion kinetics for silicon anodes. That is, the elastic zincone acts as a buffer layer to dissipate inner stress through the deformation of pores, while the rigid TiO2 (≈5 nm) provides silicon particles a satisfying mechanical strength and protects the silicon from engulfing by the solid electrolyte interphase. The density functional theory and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique results indicate the fast Li+ diffusion kinetics in Si@zincone/TiO2 electrode, resulting in a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 81.9% and an advantageous rate capability of 1224 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1. More importantly, a low capacity‐fading rate of only 0.051% per cycle can be achieved (discharge capacity of 753 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles). Additionally, fractal theory verifies the Si@zincone/TiO2 undergoes gentle reversible evolutions during cycling with a box fractal dimension (DB) of 1.73.
A Tri‐Channel Oxide Transistor Concept for the Rapid Detection of Biomolecules Including the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Protein
Authors: Lin Yen‐Hung , Han Yang , Sharma Abhinav , AlGhamdi Wejdan S. , Liu Chien‐Hao , Chang Tzu‐Hsuan , Xiao Xi‐Wen , Lin Wei‐Zhi , Lu Po‐Yu , Seitkhan Akmaral , Mottram Alexander D. , Pattanasattayavong Pichaya , Faber Hendrik , Heeney Martin , Anthopoulos Thomas D.
Published: November 2021

Solid‐state transistor sensors that can detect biomolecules in real time are highly attractive for emerging bioanalytical applications. However, combining upscalable manufacturing with the required performance remains challenging. Here, an alternative biosensor transistor concept is developed, which relies on a solution‐processed In2O3/ZnO semiconducting heterojunction featuring a geometrically engineered tri‐channel architecture for the rapid, real‐time detection of important biomolecules. The sensor combines a high electron mobility channel, attributed to the electronic properties of the In2O3/ZnO heterointerface, in close proximity to a sensing surface featuring tethered analyte receptors. The unusual tri‐channel design enables strong coupling between the buried electron channel and electrostatic perturbations occurring during receptor–analyte interactions allowing for robust, real‐time detection of biomolecules down to attomolar (am) concentrations. The experimental findings are corroborated by extensive device simulations, highlighting the unique advantages of the heterojunction tri‐channel design. By functionalizing the surface of the geometrically engineered channel with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) antibody receptors, real‐time detection of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike S1 protein down to am concentrations is demonstrated in under 2 min in physiological relevant conditions.
Tomoscopy: Time‐Resolved Tomography for Dynamic Processes in Materials
Authors: García‐Moreno Francisco , Kamm Paul Hans , Neu Tillmann Robert , Bülk Felix , Noack Mike Andreas , Wegener Mareike , von der Eltz Nadine , Schlepütz Christian Matthias , Stampanoni Marco , Banhart John
Published: November 2021

The structure and constitution of opaque materials can be studied with X‐ray imaging methods such as 3D tomography. To observe the dynamic evolution of their structure and the distribution of constituents, for example, during processing, heating, mechanical loading, etc., 3D imaging has to be fast enough. In this paper, the recent developments of time‐resolved X‐ray tomography that have led to what one now calls “tomoscopy” are briefly reviewed A novel setup is presented and applied that pushes temporal resolution down to just 1 ms, that is, 1000 tomograms per second (tps) are acquired, while maintaining spatial resolutions of micrometers and running experiments for minutes without interruption. Applications recorded at different acquisition rates ranging from 50 to 1000 tps are presented. The authors observe and quantify the immiscible hypermonotectic reaction of AlBi10 (in wt%) alloy and dendrite evolution in AlGe10 (in wt%) casting alloy during fast solidification. The combustion process and the evolution of the constituents are analyzed in a burning sparkler. Finally, the authors follow the structure and density of two metal foams over a long period of time and derive details of bubble formation and bubble ageing including quantitative analyses of bubble parameters with millisecond temporal resolution.
Mechanically Durable Memristor Arrays Based on a Discrete Structure Design
Authors: Wang Ting , Cui Zequn , Liu Yaqing , Lu Dingjie , Wang Ming , Wan Changjin , Leow Wan Ru , Wang Changxian , Pan Liang , Cao Xun , Huang Yizhong , Liu Zhuangjian , Tok Alfred Iing Yoong , Chen Xiaodong
Published: November 2021

Memristors constitute a promising functional component for information storage and in‐memory computing in flexible and stretchable electronics including wearable devices, prosthetics, and soft robotics. Despite tremendous efforts made to adapt conventional rigid memristors to flexible and stretchable scenarios, stretchable and mechanical‐damage‐endurable memristors, which are critical for maintaining reliable functions under unexpected mechanical attack, have never been achieved. Here, the development of stretchable memristors with mechanical damage endurance based on a discrete structure design is reported. The memristors possess large stretchability (40%) and excellent deformability (half‐fold), and retain stable performances under dynamic stretching and releasing. It is shown that the memristors maintain reliable functions and preserve information after extreme mechanical damage, including puncture (up to 100 times) and serious tearing situations (fully diagonally cut). The structural strategy offers new opportunities for next‐generation stretchable memristors with mechanical damage endurance, which is vital to achieve reliable functions for flexible and stretchable electronics even in extreme and highly dynamic environments.