bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal vitamin D levels correlate with fetal weight and bone metabolism during pregnancy: a materno-neonatal analysis of bone metabolism parameters
Authors: Luo Lian-mei , Wu Nan , Zhang Jun , Yang Dong
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Vitamin D plays an essential role in neonatal skeletal development and maternal weight gain during pregnancy. We aim to study the association between vitamin D status, maternal weight, and materno-neonatal bone metabolism parameters.

Methods

From January to June 2017, we conducted this cross-sectional study among 103 pregnant women (21–42 years old) and their singletons. The levels of serum 25-(OH)D, PTH, P1NP, OC, and CTX were measured for mothers and neonates (cord blood). Serum vitamin D and OC were measured using chemiluminescence and two-site immunoradiometric assay, respectively. Meanwhile, P1NP, CTX, and PTH were measured by ELISA.

Results

The average serum vitamin D levels from mothers were 15.1 ng/mL during pregnancy and 16.2 ng/mL in the umbilical cord. At baseline, vitamin D deficient mothers were more likely to have higher PTH (36.4 vs. 18 pg/mL; p=0.029) and lower P1NP levels (90 vs. 92.5 ng/mL; p=0.026). Also, vitamin D deficient status was associated with lower fetal weight (3,293 vs. 3,358g; p=0.019). Maternal weight was significantly correlated with P1NP (65.86 vs. 109.35; p=0.001) and OC (14.52 vs. 18.24; p=0.038), as well as cord vitamin D level (13.31 vs. 18.46; p=0.039) among normal vs. overweight women. No significant differences were found for the correlation between maternal weight and fetal parameters except for fetal weight which significantly increased with the increase in maternal weight (overweight vs. obese women=3,280 vs. 3,560; p=0.06).

Conclusions

Maternal vitamin D status is associated with maternal and neonatal bone metabolism parameters as well as maternal and neonatal weight.
Anxiety symptoms among children visiting a pediatric emergency center in Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Khan Abdul Waheed , Khan Yasser Saeed , Khoodoruth Mohamed Adil Shah , Dehwari Asieh , Hammoudeh Samer , Al-Amri Mohammed H. A. Nasser , Alabdulla Majid
Published: December 2022

Although the evidence base regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children has been growing, descriptions of their experiences remain scarce. In this cross-sectional study, the authors used the Child-Reported Spence Children's Anxiety Scale to collect data from 91 children visiting a pediatric emergency center in Qatar during the pandemic. Around 25% of the children reported elevated levels of overall anxiety. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms were the most common, with 59.3% of children reporting elevated symptoms. The mean score of physical injury fears was significantly affected by gender, with females having higher scores. Overall rates for elevated anxiety symptoms were similar in natives and expatriate children. The findings suggest that the effects of the pandemic on children may depend on several vulnerability factors, including developmental age and gender. This study highlights the need to plan multidisciplinary strategies to enhance children's access to mental health services during and after the current health crisis.
La reconstruction sternale : un problème posé lors de la prise en charge des tumeurs du sternum dans les pays à ressources limitées.
Authors: Rabiou Sani , Ousmane Kadre Alio Kadre , Issoufou Ibrahim , Ilagouma Nana Fatchima , LAKRANBI MAROUANE , OUADNOUNI Yassine , SMAHI Mohamed , SANI Rachid
Published: November 2022

Primary malignant tumors of the sternum are rare, and are difficult to treat due to the anatomical proximity of the mediastinal vascular structures and the limited surgical margins that can be achieved. The wall reconstruction is the most difficult part of the management. Many techniques have been described, ranging from musculo-cutaneous flaps to increasingly sophisticated prostheses. The authors report a case of a primary sternal tumor and the problem posed during wall reconstruction in a context of limited resources.
Pengembangan Modul Fisika Berbasis REACH Berintegrasi Al-Quran Materi Suhu dan Kalor
Authors: Chandra Artha Nesa , Haris Venny , Yulita Derma
Published: December 2022

Anggapan siswa mengenai materi fisika yang sulit, tidak menarik membuat mereka tidak aktif pada pembelajaran fisika. Ditambah lagi penggunaan buku cetak dan LKS yang dipinjamkan sekolah atau difotocopi siswa. Bahasanya sulit dipahami, hanya berisi rangkuman singkat terkait materi, rangkuman rumus-rumus, soal-soal latihan yang sangat banyak dan tidak berbasis suatu strategi serta tidak menuntun siswa untuk menemukan konsep. Ini merupakan latar belakang mengapa peneliti mengembangkan  modul fisika berbasis REACT berintegrasi Qur’an.   Sehingga dihasilkan modul yang valid dan praktis yang sesuai dengan karakteristik dan kebutuhan siswa serta membuat siswa dapat belajar secara mandiri dan aktif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (research development) terdiri dari tiga tahap yaitu: pendefinisian (define), perancangan (design), dan pengembangan (development). Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah lembar validasi modul, lembar wawancara dan angket respon siswa. Uji validasi modul dibantu oleh 3 orang dosen dan 1 orang guru sebagai validator, setelah uji kelayakan modul, maka dilakukan penyebaran angket respon siwa yang melibatkan  23 orang siswa. Pengisian angket menggunakan skala Likert dengan range 1-4, data yang didapat kemudian dianalisis secara kuantitatif sesuai dengan kriteria validitas dan praktikalitas. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modul fisika berbasis REACT berintegrasi Qur’an pada materi suhu dan kalor sangat  valid dengan hasil validitas yang diperoleh adalah 84,24%. Untuk kepraktisan modul fisika berbasis REACT berintegrasi Qur’an materi suhu dan kalor memiliki kategori sangat praktis dengan persentase kepraktisan sebesar 91,76%
Effect of extrusion processing conditions on the techno-functional, antioxidant, textural properties and storage stability of wholegrain-based breakfast cereal incorporated with Indian horse chestnut flour
Authors: Allai Farhana Meharaj , Azad Z.R.A.A. , Dar Basharat , Gul Khalid
Published: November 2022

The central composite rotatable design was used to plan the experiments using feed moisture (FM) content, barrel temperature (BT), screw speed (SS), and concentration of Indian horse chestnut flour (IHCF) as process variables varied between 10–18%, 70–150°C, 290–380 rpm and 1.75–4.75%, respectively. Surface mechanical energy, water holding capacity, swelling volume, piece density, longitudinal expansion, water activity and colour attributes were used as response variables. The whole grain flours added with 2.5% IHCF and extruded at 12% FM, 130°C BT and 380 rpm SS produced optimum quality breakfast cereals with 0.713 desirability. Extrudates packed in aluminum pouches were found to be suitable packaging materials and were shelf-stable for 6 months with better quality retention.
Perceptions of Spanish consumers towards novel lamb burgers enriched with natural antioxidants and healthy fatty acids
Authors: Horrillo Andres , Diaz-Caro Carlos , Crespo-Cebada Eva , Tejerina-Barrado David , Mesias Francisco , Rodriguez-Ledesma Antonio , Garcia-Torres Susana
Published: November 2022

This paper explores the perceptions of Spanish consumers on the use of natural antioxidants and healthy fatty acids in novel formulations of lamb burgers to improve their nutritional content and shelf life. Focus groups have been used to obtain information on burger consumption and purchase, as well as on the opinions about the use of natural ingredients. Results highlight the importance consumers place on the presence of ingredients that help improve product quality, and their acceptance to pay a premium. The use of cherry or pecan nut is a valid option, provided that consumer trust is promoted through adequate information policies.
Rodrigues, Nuno Simões, Martin Simonson und Angélica Varandas, Hg. Nólë Hyarmenillo. An Anthology of Iberian Scholarship on Tolkien. Walking Tree, 2022
Authors: Modert Sophie
Published: December 2022

Review of Nólë Hyarmenillo. An Anthology of Iberian Scholarship on Tolkien edited by Nuno Simões Rodrigues, Martin Simonson, and Angélica Varandas.Die
An Examination of First-Mover Advantage for a CBDC
Authors: Isaacson Ken , Maniff Jesse Leigh , Wong Paul
Published: November 2022

This paper explores whether there could be a first-mover advantage for a jurisdiction issuing a central bank digital currency (CBDC) compared to other jurisdictions that subsequently issue their own CBDC. Conventional academic literature provides a framework by which one can assess a CBDC in the domestic payments market, the international payments market, and the technology markets that support payments. However, a CBDC may be more than just a means of payment and thus first-mover advantage is examined for both the asset component of reserve currency and a future financial system built on CBDCs. Overall, the first mover literature does not suggest that there is a compelling first-mover advantage for issuing a CBDC.
Türkiye’de Yayılış Gösteren Lomelosia argentea ve Lomelosia polykratis (Caprifoliaceae) Türlerinin Anatomik Karşılaştırılması
Authors: AYKUT Aleyna , BARAN Uğurcan , ÇELİK Jale , AKSOY Ahmet
Published: November 2022

İki yakın akraba tür olan Lomelosia argentea ve Lomelosia polykratis türlerinin anatomik özellikleri ilk defa bu çalışmada incelenerek farklılıklarının ortaya konulması ve taksonomik çalışmalarda yaşanabilecek potansiyel karışıklıkların önüne geçilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla mikroskobik gözlemler için parafin metodu kullanılarak türlerin kök, gövde ve yapraklarından HM310 Mikrotom yardımıyla kesitler alınmıştır. Alınan enine kesitler safranin ve fast-green boyaları ile boyandıktan sonra Leica DM750 ışık mikroskobunda incelenmiş ve ölçümleri alınarak fotoğraflanmıştır. L. argentea ve L. polykratis türlerinin bazı benzer anatomik özellikleri bulunmasına rağmen, çeşitli anatomik farklılıkları olduğu da ortaya konulmuştur. Kökte korteks parankiması, floem ve trake; gövdede epidermis, korteks parankiması, floem, öz parankiması, trake ve kutikula; yaprak için üst ve alt kutikula, üst epidermis, trake ve mezofil ölçüm sonuçları, L. polykratis ile L. argentea bitkileri karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur.
Drought Analysis and Impact of Drought on Crop Yield in Nevşehir City
Authors: OĞUZ Kahraman , ÇAMALAN Gülten , PEKİN Muhammet Ali
Published: November 2022

Turkey is one of the most sensitive regions to climate change. Drought events triggered by climate change occur frequently in the region and cause important environmental problems. The agricultural sector and crop yield are among the areas that are adversely affected. In this study, meteorological and hydrological drought situation and precipitation trend is studied with SPI and SPEI methods by using Nevşehir Center and Ürgüp stations. Besides, the severity and duration of long-lasting strong droughts in the region are studied. The most important negative effects of drought events are seen in the agricultural sector on crop production. In order to analyze this effect, the yield values of agricultural products grown in the region were obtained from Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) and standardized with Z-Score method. Afterwards, the impact of drought events on the yield of agricultural products grown in the region are examined
Futbolda Taraftar Özdeşleşme Düzeyinin Destinasyon İmajı ve Destinasyon Aidiyetine Etkisi
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Mesut , ALTUNÖZ Özlem
Published: November 2022

Spor etkinlikleri destinasyonların imajına katkıda bulunan önemli olaylardır. Futbol da taraftar olarak bireylerin yaşamındaki önemine bağlı olarak destinasyonların bilinirliğini desteklemektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmanın amacı taraftarların takımlarıyla özdeşleşme düzeylerinin, destinasyon imajı ve destinasyon aidiyetine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmanın evrenini Fenerbahçe Futbol Kulübü (FKF) taraftarları; örneklemini ise, İstanbul ili Kadıköy ilçesini ziyaret eden veya burada ikamet eden FKF taraftarları oluşturmaktadır. Nicel araştırma olarak gerçekleştirilen çalışmada uygulanan regresyon analizi sonucu elde edilen bulgular, taraftar özdeşleşme düzeyinin, destinasyon imajı ve destinasyon aidiyetine yönelik pozitif yönde etkisinin olduğunu göstermektedir.
Progressive or regressive rape case law? Tshabalala v S; Ntuli v S 2020 2 SACR 38 CC
Authors: Maphosa Ropafadzo
Published: November 2022

The Constitutional Court’s decision in Tshabalala v S; Ntuli v S 2020 2 SACR 38 CC is undoubtedly a step in the right direction towards rape law reform in South Africa, however, this article challenges the court’s decision to extend the application of the common law doctrine to common law rape. It is argued that the court could have highlighted the power dynamics at play during the commission of rape without denouncing instrumentality as a central element of the crime. This article further argues that the Constitutional Court, in developing common law rape, should have taken into account that rape is a conduct/instrumental crime under the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment 32 of 2007. Instead, the judgment now has the effect of creating different elements for common law rape, in cases where there is more than one perpetrator.
AVIAN DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE IN RELATION TO SEASON, LIVESTOCK PRESENCE AND VEGETATION COVER IN A MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL WETLAND
Authors: Vasiliadis Ioakim , Karmiris Ilias , Kazantzidis Savas , Platis Panagiotis , Papachristou Thomas
Published: November 2022

Coastal wetlands are considered as systems of high avian diversity and are usually used for livestock production throughout the world. In this study, the diversity and seasonal abundance of avian species were monitored for two years on a monthly basis in a coastal grazing land in Evros Delta (Greece). The effects of livestock (cattle) presence and different classes of vegetation cover on the number of bird species were also investigated. A total of 96 bird species belonging to 29 families were recorded. The most commonly encountered species was the Eurasian skylark Alauda arvensis. The cattle presence was not significantly correlated (p>0.05) with the abundance of recorded bird species. On the contrary, patches with vegetation cover 25.1 - 50.0% and 50.1 - 75.0 % were used by more bird species in relation to patches with cover ≤25.0% or >75.0%. We concluded that the use of livestock grazing to preserve the desired vegetation cover (25 – 75%) is a promising management tool.
VARIATION IN SHORELINE MACROPHYTES AND WATER QUALITY OF BEESHAZARI LAKE, CENTRAL NEPAL
Authors: Ghimire Narayan Prasad , Roka Deepa , Das Bishnu Dev , Rai Shiva Kumar
Published: November 2022

The research has been designed to examine the variation of macrophyte diversity with references to water parameters, which determines the ecological status of Beeshazari Lake (a Ramsar site). Field data were collected in two seasons (monsoon and winter) from 42 plots with 1 m x 1 m quadrat size, laid down at shoreline of the Beeshazari Lake, each plot being 30 m apart from adjacent plot along the lake perimeter for the quantitative analysis of the macrophytes. A total of 42 macrophytes (40 in monsoon and 31 in winter) were recorded during the sampling seasons. Poaceae was the dominant during both seasons, followed by Asteraceae and Euphorbiaceae families during monsoon, whereas Asteraceae and Polygonaceae were found to be dominant during winter seasons. On the basis of growth form, emergent macrophytes were dominant during both seasons. The Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (SWI) value of macrophytes was higher during the winter (H = 0.98± 0.04) than monsoon (H = 0.97± 0.04). Lemna perpusilla (Importance Value Index, IVI = 22.8) was the dominant species during the monsoon and Azolla pinnata (IVI = 38.2) during the winter. Macrophytes species richness was positively correlated with temperature, pH, DO, and conductivity whereas negatively correlated with TDS during the monsoon season. Further, in the winter season, the richness was positively correlated with pH, DO, TDS, and electric conductivity, whereas negatively correlated with temperature.
NEGATİF APPENDEKTOMİYİ ÖNLEMEDE ALVARADO SKORU VE BİLGİSAYARLI TOMOGRAFİ
Authors: MARTLI Hüseyin Fahri , KEÇELİOĞLU Yasir
Published: December 2022

Amaç

Negatif apepndektomiyi engellemk için bilgisayarlı tomografi

ve Alvarado skorunun işlevselliği araştırıldı.

Gereç ve Yöntem

Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi E.A.H.’de Haziran

2020 ve Mart 2021 tarihleri arasında appendektomi

operasyonu olan hastalar retrospektif olarak tarandı.

Patoloji sonuçları ile korelasyonları yapıldı.

Bulgular

Alvarado skoru yüksekliği ile bilgisayarlı tomografide

apandisit tanısı arasında pozitif yönde korelasyon

bulunmuştur. Apandisiti olmayanların alvarado skorunun

akut apandisiti olanlara göre düşük olması; akut

apandisiti olanların perfore-gangrene-plastrone apandisiti

olanlara göre düşük olması istatistiksel olarak

anlamlı bulunmuştur.

Sonuç

Alvarao Skorlama sistemi bilgisayarlı tomografiye

göre daha düşük oranda spesifiktir ve negative appendektomi

oranını radyolojik tetkikler ile azaltmak

mümkündür.
Evaluation of pollen morphology of Passiflora species and hybrids (Passifloraceae)
Authors: Vanderplank John , Vanderplank Sula E.
Published: December 2022

Passiflora L. is a diverse genus of mostly New World species, many of which are still evolving to overcome the challenges of competition, predation, and habitat expansion. Pollen collected from 195 Passiflora L. taxa across six subgenera; Astrophea (DC.) Mast., Decaloba (DC.) Rchb., Deidamioides (Harms) Killip, Passiflora, Tetrapathaea (DC.) P.S. Green) and Tryphostemmatoides (Harms) Killip and 40 F1 hybrids (cultivars) were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and low temperature SEM. Passiflora pollen grains are divided into two major morphological groups: species with three pairs (6 apertures) of colpi found in species in subgenera Astrophea, Deidamioides, Passiflora and Tryphostemmatoides, and those with six pairs (12 apertures) of colpi found in most species from subgenus Decaloba (Tetrapathea unknown). This study shows polymorphism and surface anomalies in the morphology of pollen grains of some species. Pollen from many Passiflora F1 hybrids were examined: many have a high percentage of sterile pollen grains, others in section Dysosmia DC. and Tacsonia Juss. in subgenus Passiflora recorded a minimal percentage of sterile grains. This may be a key evolutionary advantage as several species in these groups are now recorded as invasive weeds with worldwide distribution. The term, “sticky pollen” is revealed to be the pre-germination of pollen grains without stigmatic contact. The success of some invasive species to outcompete native flora and thrive in extreme environments is in part due to the evolution of their pollen, with the absence of pollen deformation following hybridization events promoting hybrid fitness. Pollen grain morphological evidence supports keeping three endemic Australian Passiflora species in subgenus Decaloba as a unique group.
ÂŞIK GÜNAY YILDIZ’IN AVCI MUSTAFA İLE ŞAHNİZER SULTAN HİKÂYESİNİN ARKETİPSEL SEMBOLİZM BAĞLAMINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KAYA Adem
Published: November 2022

Anlatma esasına dayalı türler ait olduğu toplumun siyasi, sosyal, ekonomik ve dini unsurlarını bünyesinde barındıran, geçmişin bilgi ve tecrübesini günümüze taşıma işlevini üstlenen, farklı yöntemler kullanılarak çözümlenmesi gereken sembolik anlamlar yüklü eserlerdir. Merkezinde kolektif bilinçdışının bulunduğu arketipsel sembolizm, edebî eserlerin çözümlenmesinde kullanılan yöntemlerden biridir. Jung, arketiplerin tüm insanlarda görülen müşterek yapılar olduğunu ve ilk insandan bu yana tüm bilgi ve deneyimleri kapsadığını savunur. İnsanoğlu, yüzyıllar boyunca biriken bu bilginin varlığından çoğu zaman habersizdir. Nötr durumda olan bu yapıların harekete geçmesi için bir tetikleyiciye ihtiyaç vardır. Bu itici kuvvet olmadan arketiplerin algılanması mümkün değildir. Halk hikâyeleri onu meydana getiren milletlerin kültür geçmişini bünyesinde barındıran ve gelecek nesillere aktarılabildiği ölçüde varlığını sürdürebilen ürünlerdir. Sözlü kültürün gelecek nesillere aktarılması görevini yüzyıllar boyunca âşıklar üstlenmiştir. Ellerinde sazlarıyla diyar diyar dolaşarak sözlü kültür mirasını gelecek nesillere aktarmakla kalmayıp bu ürünlerin korunması için de yoğun çaba harcamışlardır. Dede Korkut’tan Âşık Şenlik’e bütün bir âşıklık geleneği hazinesinin günümüz âşıklarının kaleminde yeniden şekillenmiş halleri olan halk hikâyelerinin kolektif bilinçdışının ürünleri olan arketipler vasıtasıyla değerlendirilmesi son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışmamızda Âşık Günay Yıldız’ın Avcı Mustafa İle Şahnizer Sultan Hikâyesi, J.Campbell’in “Kahramanın Sonsuz Yolculuğu” kitabında bahsettiği ayrılma- erginlenme ve dönüş aşamalarını içerisinde yer alan yüce birey, gölge, persona ve anima/animus arketipleri esas alınarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Persuasive Strategies in Two Speeches of King Abdullah II About the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: AbuAlhuda Amal Samir , Alshboul Sabri
Published: December 2022

The current study investigates the persuasive strategies and techniques used by King Abdullah II in his two speeches regarding the covid 19 pandemic. It also aims to critically analyze these persuasive strategies and techniques using critical discourse analysis. Moreover, it aims to explore the most and the least frequently persuasive strategies and techniques employed in these two speeches. The data consists of two speeches delivered virtually at the world economic forum. The first speech is delivered on the 21st of September 2020 and the second speech is delivered on 28 January 2021. The current study adapts Johnstone (2008) as a theoretical framework for data analyses. The findings reveal that King Abdullah II employed three persuasive strategies, namely quasilogical, presentational and analogical in the two speeches respectively. Findings also reveal that the presentational strategy is the most frequently used. The second most frequently used strategy is the quasilogical. The last employed persuasive strategy is analogical. Additionally, as for the persuasive techniques within the presentational strategy, deixes is the most frequently persuasive technique employed and visual metaphor is the least frequently employed persuasive technique in the two speeches. As for the quasilogical, syllogism is the most frequently used persuasive technique employed. Then, it is followed by subordinate clauses and logical connectives. As for the analogical strategy, both reminding the audience of the time-tested values and calling to mind traditional wisdom techniques are the most frequently employed persuasive techniques.
Effects of ASE noise and dispersion chromatic on performance of DWDM networks using distributed Raman amplifiers
Authors: Bui Ninh Trung , Nguyen Tuan Q , Pham Hoi V
Published: November 2022

We investigate effects of amplified spontaneous emission noise (ASE), noise figure (NF) and dispersion chromatic on the performance of DWDM networks using distributed optical fiber Raman amplifiers (DRAs) in two different pump configurations, i.e., forward and backward pumping. We found that the pumping configurations, ASE noise, and dispersion play an important role in network performance improving since it reduces noise figure and bit error rate (BER) of the system. Simulation results show that the lowest bit error rate and noise figure when using forward pumping configuration. Moreover, we have also compared ASE noise powers of the simulation with these of the experiment, they are match.
WSN Location Privacy Scheme Enhancement through Epidemical Information Dissemination
Authors: Kazatzopoulos Leonidas , Delakouridis Costas , Anagnostopoulos Christos
Published: November 2022

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are commonly used for animal tracking. Over the years, a significant number of studies have been presented for monitoring moving targets through WSN. At the same time, the location / position information of each target should be available only to authorized entities, e.g., Animal Protection Centers, thus, the position should be kept private. The iHIDE is a location privacy mechanism that uses a non-geographical based routing scheme for packet delivery over WSN. In this paper, we elaborate on that scheme by introducing a routing plan construction algorithm. Furthermore, we enhance iHIDE by adopting the use of epidemical data dissemination as an enforcing privacy technique. Finally, we evaluate through simulations the scheme against other commonly used location privacy overlays in terms of network overhead and safety period.
Secure and Efficient Distributed Relay-Based Rekeying Algorithm for Group Communication in Mobile Multihop Relay Network
Authors: Khan Adnan Shahid
Published: November 2022

In mobile multihop relay (MMR) networks, Relay multicast rekeying algorithm (RMRA) is meant to ensure secure multicast communication and selective updating of keys in MMR networks. However, in RMRA, the rekeying is carried out after a specific interval of time, which cannot ensure the security for multicast communication on joining the member. Secondly, the rekeying scheme generates a huge communication overhead on the serving multihop relay base station (MR-BS) on frequent joining of members. Lastly, there is nothing about when a member left the group communication. Thus, the rekeying scheme of RMRA fails to provide forward and backward secrecy and also is not scalable. To solve this problem, an improved rekeying scheme based on broadcasting a new seed value on joining and leaving of a member for updating the ongoing key management is proposed. The proposed scheme solves the issue of forward and backward secrecy and the scalability in a very simplified way. The forward and backward secrecy of the proposed scheme has been extensively validated by formal method using rank theorem. Furthermore, mathematical derivation showed that the proposed scheme out-performed the RMRA in terms of communication cost and complexity.
A fuzzy-based QoS Maximization protocol for WiFi Multimedia (IEEE 802.11e) Ad hoc Networks
Authors: Touil Hicham , Fakhri Youssef
Published: November 2022

The Quality of Service (QoS) management within a multiple-traffic Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM) ad hoc network is a tedious task, since each traffic type requires a well determined QoS-level. For this reason, the IEEE Working Group has proposed the IEEE 802.11e Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) protocol at the MAC layer of WMM ad hoc networks. However, several studies have shown that EDCA must be further improved for three main reasons. The first reason is the poor performance of EDCA under high traffic conditions due to the high collision rate. The second reason is the need to maximize the traffic performance (delay, throughput, etc.) guaranteed by EDCA, seen the rapid evolution of the applications (multimedia, real time, etc.). The third reason is the need to maximize the energy efficiency of the EDCA, seen its use in battery constrained devices (e.g. Laptop, Smart phone, Tablet computers, etc.). For these three reasons, we propose in this paper a Three-in-One solution MAC protocol called QoS Maximization of EDCA (QM-EDCA), which is an enhanced version of EDCA. Based on the fuzzy logic mathematic theory, QM-EDCA incorporates a dynamic MAC parameters fuzzy logic system, in order to adapt dynamically the Arbitration inter frame Spaces according to the network state and remaining energy. Simulation results show that QM-EDCA outperforms EDCA by reducing significantly the collision rate, and maximizing traffic performance and energy-efficiency. In addition our solution is fully distributed.
Mitigating External Threats in Wireless Local Area Networks
Authors: Olufon Tope , Campbell Carlene E-A , Hole Stephen , Radhakrishnan Kapilan , Sedigh Arya
Published: November 2022

As computer networks become more critical to enterprises, it is inevitable that efficient security policies are designed, case in point: wireless networks, in order to effectively ensure the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the data traversing these networks. The primary objective of this paper is to appropriately simulate an enterprise network, and evaluate the threats, and possible mitigation approaches applicable. An analysis of an enterprise WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) was carried out, to identify relevant vulnerabilities, and possible countermeasures against these threats. The primary threats analysed were those possible by an external adversary. Upon identification of said threats, a security model was developed, so as to improve enterprise network security, and ensure the levels are optimum. In addition, a number of the principles involved are applicable to non-wireless networks.   Keywords: WLAN, Wireless, Security, WPA 2, IEEE 802.11.
Cardinality Enhancement of SAC-OCDMA Systems Using New Diagonal Double Weight Code
Authors: Imtiaz Waqas Ahmed , Ahmed Nasim
Published: November 2022

Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) provides  another dimension to multiple access systems,  in which each user is assigned a unique code. This allows  each subscriber  to simultaneously access the medium without any contention. However, simultaneous access of multiple users introduce multiple access interference  (MAI)  which primarily deteriorates  the performance of OCDMA systems.  This paper proposes a new code called diagonal double weight (DDW) code to elevate the performance and cardinality of spectral amplitude coding  (SAC) OCDMA  systems. Performance of our proposed code is evaluated using comprehensive analytical  analysis  followed by simulation analysis. Examination  of bit error rate shows that DDW code along with  single photodiode detection  technique  provides efficient performance, with added benefits of simplified design, large cardinality and ease of implementation.
Joint Link Scheduling and Routing for Load Balancing in STDMA Wireless Mesh Networks
Authors: Jung Whoi Jin , Lee Jae Yong , Kim Byung Chul
Published: November 2022

In wireless mesh networks, it is known to be effective to use a TDMA based MAC than a contention-based CSMA. In addition, if spatial TDMA is used, network performance can be improved further because of its spatial reuse effect. However this scheme still has a disadvantage in the system performance aspect without a load-balanced routing because the resource of links that are not used is wasted and frequently used links are out of resources. That is, the number of available flows in network is limited because load balancing is not performed. In this paper, we propose joint link scheduling and routing through a cross-layer scheme. For this, we propose a load balancing routing method to maximize available resources under the given traffic pattern and scheduling method for maximizing link utilization on the given route. These two methods are iterated until an optimized solution can be obtained. The proposed algorithm can be formulated using a mathematical LP problem and we show that it is very effective for load balancing compared to simple adoption of IEEE 802.11s which is a standard TDMA protocol in wireless mesh network. If the proposed algorithm is applied to initial design solution such as Smart Grid, the number of available flows can be increased and the load on each link can be balanced.
A Fuzzy Logic Based Defense Mechanism against Distributed Denial of Services Attack in Cloud Environment
Authors: Iyengar N.Ch.S. N. , Banerjee Arindam , Ganapathy Gopinath
Published: November 2022

Cloud defines a new age of computing solution that provides services to customers with its unique features of agility and multi-tenancy. As the critical resources are hosted at cloud provider’s end, security is a big challenge in cloud computing. If the cloud environment is compromised and attackers get the access of core data centers, the availability of the critical resources becomes a big concern for the service consumers. Denial of Service and Distributed Denial of Service kind of attacks are launched towards cloud environment to make the resources unavailable for legitimate users. In this paper we propose a fuzzy logic based defense mechanism that can be set with predefined rules by which it can detect the malicious packets and takes proper counter measures to mitigate the DDoS attack. Also a detailed study of different kind of DDoS attack and existing defense strategies has been carried out.   Keywords: DoS, DDoS, fuzzy logic.
A dynamic study with side channel against An Identification Based Encryption
Authors: Aouinatou Rkia , Belkasmi Mostafa , Askali Mohamed
Published: November 2022

Recently, the side channel keeps the attention of researchers in theory of pairing, since, several studies have been done in this subject and all them have the aim in order to attack the cryptosystems of Identification Based Encryption (IBE) which are integrate into smart cards (more than 80% of those cryptosystems are based on a pairing). The great success and the remarkable development of the cryptography IBE in the recent years and the direct connection of this success to the ability of resistance against any kind of attack, especially the DPA and DFA attacks, leave us to browse saying all the studies of the DPA and DFA attacks applied to a pairing and we have observed that they have no great effect to attack the cryptosystems of IBE. That’s what we will see in this paper. In this work we will illuminate the effect of the DPA attack on a cryptosystems of IBE and we would see on what level we can arrive. Thus in the case where this attack can influence on those cryptosystems, we can present an appropriate counter measures to resist such attack. In the other part we will also propose a convenient counter-measure to defend the attack DFA when the embedding degree is even
Modeling Poisson Error Process on Wireless Channels
Authors: Csóka Tibor , Polec Jaroslav
Published: November 2022

Burst error modeling has seen extensive research and progress over several decades evolving into ever more complex modeling techniques used today. This paper analyzed usefulness of the most prominent generative and descriptive (analytical) methods. Data containing error bits and packets from real wireless transmission has been used to obtain statistical information about error burst and gap behavior in the channel and various generative and descriptive modeling techniques were applied to model the error process with the goal of establishing advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Generative methods were represented by the commonly implemented Elliot’s model with parameters calculated using a generalized algebraic form and  descriptive methods were represented by one of the most flexible exponentially shaped distributions with regard to parameterization and heavy-tailed function modeling - gamma distribution, and lastly a technique represented by Markov modulated Poisson process (MMPP-2) producing second-order hyper-exponentially distributed characteristics. Results of the experiments were highly in favor of Elliot’s and MMPP-2 model demonstrating possible application of MMPP-2 model in application to commonly observed exponentially-shaped error process on the wireless channel.
IDHOCNET-A Novel Protocol Stack and Architecture for Ad hoc Networks
Authors: Khalid Shahrukh , Mahboob Athar , Azim Fahad , Rehman Aqeel Ur
Published: November 2022

Presently employed Internet Protocol (IP) stack possesses number of architectural problems. The issues like Dual/Overriding role of IP addresses, mobility, multi-homing etc are the limitations for the infrastructure oriented networks which even have support of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Domain Name System (DNS), Network Address Translation (NAT) servers, etc. Such issues are extremely complex to handle in the case of multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks which lack the support of any infrastructure component. The contemporary research direction for the improvement of present Internet architecture mainly focuses on the use of real identifiers instead of IP addresses for host identification in the network. However, the proposed architectures mostly discuss the infrastructure oriented network models and minimal research has been conducted in the direction of proposals for ad hoc networks.  In this paper we provide a thorough discussion on the practical usage issues of IP based ad hoc network implementation. In order to resolve the present limitations of ad hoc networks, we describe an implementation of a novel identifier based ad hoc network protocol stack and architecture known as IDHOCNET (Identifier based ad hoc network). The architecture proposes a novel paradigm of identifier based applications for multi-hop wireless ad hoc environment. The proposed system further provides backward compatibility to support co-existence with IP based applications. As a proof of concept, the architecture has been implemented on Linux platform with WiFi interfaces. Various practical scenarios with architectural insight are presented to demonstrate the practicability of the proposed approach.
An Individual Node Delay Based Efficient Power Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Heterogeneous Sensor Networks
Authors: Prakash Viju , Paramasivan Balasubramanian
Published: November 2022

Miscellaneous node transmission ranges builds up Wireless Heterogeneous Sensor Networks (WHSNs). Designing an efficient, reliable and scalable routing protocol for WHSNs with intermittent asymmetric links is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose an efficient power aware routing scheme for WHSNs, which can provide loop-free, stateless, source-to-sink routing scheme without using prior information about neighbor. It uses both symmetric and asymmetric links to forward data from source to sink. The source node broadcasts location information to all its neighbor nodes. Each neighbor node calculates a delay slot based on the information obtained from the source to forward its power value to it. The node that has a minimum delay slot forwards the power earlier than the other nodes during contention phase and the delay slot is used to suppress the selection of unsuitable low-power nodes at that time. We also prove that our protocol is loop-free assuming no failures in greedy forwarding. By simulations we show that our protocol significantly outperforms the existing protocols in WHSNs.
Average Channel Capacity Evaluation for Selection Combining Diversity Schemes over Nakagami-0.5 fading Channels.
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Irfanul , Kumar Sanjay
Published: November 2022

This paper provides Closed-form expressions for the average channel capacity and probability of outage of dual-branch Selection Combining (SC) over uncorrelated Nakagami-0.5 fading channels. This channel capacity and probability of outage are evaluated under Optimum Power with Rate Adaptation (OPRA) and Truncated channel Inversion with Fixed Rate transmission (TIFR) schemes. Since, the channel capacity and probability of outage expressions contain an infinite series, the series are truncated and bounds on the truncated errors are presented. The corresponding expressions for Nakagami-0.5 fading are called expressions under worst fading condition with severe fading. Finally, numerical results are presented, which are then compared to the channel capacity and probability of outage results for no diversity case, which has been previously published under OPRA and TIFR schemes. It has been observed that OPRA provides improved average channel capacity and probability of outage, as compared to TIFR under worst case of fading.
Improved IDMA for Multiple Access of 5G
Authors: AKBIL BRAHIM , ABOUTAJDINE DRISS
Published: November 2022

Due to its good performance and low complexity, IDMA is believed to be an important technique for future radio access (FRA). However, its performances are highly affected by the interleaver design. In this paper we propose two contributions to improve the performance of the IDMA. First, we propose a new interleaver design, called "NLM interleaver", which improves the computational complexity, reduces the bandwidth consumption and the memory requirements of the system, provides the quasi-orthogonal spreading codes and interleavers with a high security and offers infinite sets of codes and interleavers based on only one parameter. Second, we propose a new user grouping algorithm based on the correlation function to improve the resources (Codes, Interleavers). All users are divided into several equal-size groups where each group's data transmitted at the same time, over the same frequencies and the same interleaver. The simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme can achieve better performances compared to the existing algorithms.
A energy-conserving predictive preemptive multipath routing protocol for adhoc networks: a lifetime improvement
Authors: Ali cherif Moussa , Boukli Hacene Sofiane
Published: November 2022

Mobile device are widely used today in MANETs, due to their rich functionality. However, route failure may occur due to lower receive signal strength, mobility, congestion and device failures. Also, the battery life of these devices is very limited and deploying high resource consuming applications such as streaming on these mobile devices, is a challenging task. It is extremely important to efficiently use of the contained resources on these devices when they participate in a mobile ad hoc network. In this paper, we propose an optimization of the cross-layer networking mechanism. Our work focuses on MAC and routing layers of the OSI stack. We propose a cooperation of the routing layer with the MAC layer power-control technique to decrease the energy consumption in transmission within adhoc networks. We propose an energy-conserving multipath routing protocol for adhoc networks lifetime improvement protocol called E-PPAOMDV (Energy aware Predictive Preemptive AOMDV). This protocol is based on new metric to preserves the residual energy of nodes and balances the consumed energy to increase the network lifetime. Also, we propose a mechanism based on Newton interpolation, to distinguish between both situations, failures due to congestion or mobility, and consequently avoiding unnecessary route repair process. The E-PPAOMDV was implemented using NS-2. The simulation results demonstrate the merits of our proposed E-PPAOMDV. Our proposal improves the performance of mobile ad hoc networks by extending the lifetime of the network and decreasing the average consumed energy with approximately 1 to 3%, while the average end-to-end delay is reduced by 33%, normalized routing load by 20 to 27%; also, increasing the packet delivery ratio with approximately 2-10%  and the throughput with 5%  when compared with AOMR-LM.
Clinical case of successful correction of aortic coarctation with hypoplasia of the distal aortic arch in a premature infant with very low birth weight
Authors: Bazylev Vladlen V. , Chuprov Maksim P. , Shcheglova Klara T. , Bofanov Dmitrii A. , Shcheglov Savelii E.
Published: November 2022

Congenital heart disease is considered to be one of the most common diseases among congenital defects. Aortic coarctation belongs to the groupof common congenital heart defects. In the overwhelming majority of cases, it is combined with hypoplasia of the aortic arch and requires urgent surgical intervention. The absence of timely diagnosis of pathology and necessary therapy may lead to congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock and death. Although the results of treatment of congenital heart defects in newborns have improved significantly in recent years, children with low weight are remainedto be difficult category of patients. Prematurity and low birth weight are risk factors for increased mortality and development of recoarctation in infants who have undergone surgical correction. We represent the case of successful correction of aortic coarctation with hypoplasia of the distal aortic arch in a prematured baby with very low birth weight. The diagnosis was made prenatally. The mother was recommended to be monitored at Рerinatal Сenter, Penza, where at the 35th week, an early delivery was performed because of lack of water and intrauterine fetal development delay. The body weight at birth was 1330 grams. On the same day, the child was admitted to the Federal Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Penza, where he received the necessary surgical care. The results of dynamic observation of the patient showed the absence of recoarctation and arterial hypertension. Despite the fact that low body weight and prematurity are significant risk factors for complication and an unfavourable outcome, modern medical technologies and accumulated experience have allowed to carry out surgical correction timely and then to do successful postoperative treatment and nursing of the child with coarctation and hypoplasia of the aortic arch.
A clinical case of the central nervous system mixed infection (staphylococcal and tuberculosis) in a two-year-old boy
Authors: Kolesnikov Andrey N. , Polyakhova Yuliya N.
Published: November 2022

Inflammatory diseases of the substance and membranes of the brain are characterized by high mortality (1025% in developed countries and 5470% in countries with limited resources). One of the features of the infectious pathology of the central nervous system is the polyetiology of pathogens, and in cases of mixed infection, there is always a problem of differential diagnosis and the appointment of adequate etiotropic therapy. Staphylococcal meningoencephalitis occurs in 6.9% of cases of infectious lesions of the central nervous system, while the risk group consists of children with an immunodeficiency condition. The proportion of tuberculous lesions of the central nervous system is extremely small and is only 0.050.07% of all children with tuberculosis. A clinical observation of a severe course of mixed infection of the central nervous system in a two-year-old child is presented. The peculiarity of this clinical case is a rare combination of staphylococcal and tuberculous etiology of nervous system damage. The dynamics of the patients condition during 32 days in the ICU is described. The emphasis is placed in the areas of intensive care and the role of the influence of adequate etiotropic therapy on the outcome of the disease (in this case, broad-spectrum antibiotics in combination with anti-tuberculosis drugs) is noted. Despite the medical care provided, the outcome of the disease in the child is the formation of subdural bilateral empyema of the frontal region, ventriculitis and occlusive triventricular hydrocephalus, which entails a high risk of further disability. The presented clinical case describing the course and outcome of a rare combination of pathogens of meningoencephalitis is an example of the need for extended differential diagnosis outside the standard search both at the outpatient and inpatient stages of patient management.