bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ERROR ESTIMATES OF RESIDUAL MINIMIZATION USING NEURAL NETWORKS FOR LINEAR PDES
Authors: Shin Yeonjong , Zhang Zhongqiang , Karniadakis George Em
Published: September 2023

We propose an abstract framework for analyzing the convergence of least-squares methods based on residual minimization when feasible solutions are neural networks. With the norm relations and compactness arguments, we derive error estimates for both continuous and discrete formulations of
residual minimization in strong and weak forms. The formulations cover recently developed physicsinformed
neural networks based on strong and variational formulations.
Correlation of drought indices with climatic and socio-economic factors in San Diego, USA
Authors: Ghimire Amrit Babu , Faruk Omar , Shadia Nur , Parajuli Utsav , Shin Sangmin
Published: September 2023

Droughts have become more severe and prolonged in recent years, causing significant social and environmental impacts. Analysing drought conditions with various climatic and socio-economic factors is critical for effective drought monitoring. This study investigated the correlation between drought severity and climatic and socio-economic changes in a study area – San Diego County, CA, USA. The drought severity was quantified using three drought indices: standardised precipitation index, standardised precipitation evapotranspiration index and standardised streamflow index. These indices were also used to describe the variation of the drought severity in the study area. The study employed Spearman’s correlation coefficient analysis to evaluate the correlations between the drought indices and climatic and socio-economic factors. The results showed that the drought indices indicated similar variations of the droughts in the study area. However, the severity, duration and frequency of the droughts varied with the timescales in the drought index analysis. Additionally, this study found that the drought conditions based on the three indices had strong negative correlations with precipitation, soil moisture, agricultural area and forest area, which were more pronounced as the timescale increased. The findings will provide insights into effective drought monitoring and management, particularly targeting severe droughts.
Psychiatric and Behavioural Disorders in Children with Epilepsy (ILAE Task Force Report): Epidemiology of psychiatric/behavioural disorder in children with epilepsy
Authors: Sillanpää Matti , Besag Frank , Aldenkamp Albert , Caplan Rochelle , Dunn David W. , Gobbi Giuseppe
Published: September 2023

Psychiatric/behavioural problems can have a major effect on quality of life. Epidemiological studies in Europe, Scandinavia and the USA have confirmed a high rate of psychiatric disorder in children with epilepsy, typically around 35 to 50%. In children with additional impairment, particularly those with intellectual disability, the rates are even higher, over 50%. Determining the causes of these high rates and deciding on the best strategies, either for prevention or for optimal management, remain major challenges.
Psychiatric and Behavioural Disorders in Children with Epilepsy (ILAE Task Force Report): Epilepsy and psychosis in children and teenagers
Authors: Besag Frank , Caplan Rochelle , Aldenkamp Albert , Dunn David W. , Gobbi Giuseppe , Sillanpää Matti
Published: September 2023

Psychosis related to epilepsy or antiepileptic treatment can occur in teenagers and very rarely in children. Postictal, interictal and antiepileptic‐drug‐induced psychosis have all been reported in young people. Whether ictal psychosis occurs in this age group remains open to debate. Neuronal antibody encephalitis such as anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis can present with seizures and psychosis, both of which can resolve with prompt, appropriate immunotherapy. In addition, there have been several reports in which the terms psychosis or psychotic features have been used loosely to describe behavioural disturbance in children with epilepsy; in these cases there have apparently been no diagnostic features of psychosis, implying that these terms should not have been used. The management of epilepsy‐related psychosis in young people is similar to that in adults. Antipsychotic medication should not be withheld if it is needed on clinical grounds. If the psychosis has been induced by antiepileptic medication then a medication review is necessary.
Revisiting gradability in American Sign Language (ASL)
Authors: Koulidobrova Elena , Martínez Vera Gabriel , Kurz Kim , Kurz Christopher
Published: September 2023

This paper addresses gradability in American Sign Language (ASL). The literature has argued that languages may or may not introduce degree variables, i.e., there is cross-linguistic variation as to whether languages should be analyzed as degree- or degreeless. For ASL, the degree-based analysis has been assumed or explicitly proposed. For example, due to the visual nature of ASL (as a language that uses the physical signing space), it has been suggested that it may be able to readily represent scales iconically in the signing space. In contrast, we argue that ASL is a degreeless language, which further means that its modality does not necessarily readily translate into the iconic representation of scales in the signing space. Our discussion is based on a comprehensive examination of 31 adjectives across different constructions (e.g., different comparison strategies, questions targeting degrees, crisp judgments, etc.). We offer evidence from elicitation data from 6 consultants with different profiles.
Impacto del clima organizacional proambiental en el compromiso y comportamiento sostenible de los trabajadores en Perú
Authors: García-Salirrosas Elizabeth Emperatriz
Published: September 2023

las organizaciones que son parte importante de la sociedad tienen el desafío de implementar prácticas sostenibles en su gestión empresarial y además lograr un buen desempeño en un mercado altamente competitivo, para lo cual es necesario contar con personal comprometido con la organización. Por lo tanto, este estudio tiene como objetivo proponer un modelo teórico donde el clima organizacional proambiental (CPA) impacta en el entusiasmo por la marca empleadora (EME), el compromiso organizacional afectivo (COA), el apego emocional (AE) y el comportamiento proambiental en el lugar de trabajo (CPLT). Se realizó una encuesta mediante un cuestionario en línea, y se recolectó información de 863 trabajadores de empresas ubicadas en la ciudad de Lima. Para probar las hipótesis del modelo de investigación propuesto, los datos fueron analizados con el método de modelado de ruta de mínimos cuadrados parciales con el software SmartPLS. Los resultados mostraron un efecto positivo significativo del CPA en EME, COA, AE y CPLT. En conclusión, se puede afirmar que las organizaciones que adoptan prácticas sostenibles y promueven un clima organizacional proambiental no solo contribuyen al cuidado del medioambiente, sino que también pueden mejorar varios aspectos de la experiencia laboral de los empleados. Por lo tanto, es fundamental que las organizaciones reconozcan la importancia de un clima organizacional proambiental y trabajen activamente para fomentar prácticas sostenibles en el lugar de trabajo.
Eco-innovación en el sector hotelero de Nuevo Nayarit, México. Una perspectiva sustentable
Authors: Hernández Sánchez Alexis Ricardo , Vargas Martínez Elva Esther , Delgado Cruz Alejandro
Published: September 2023

El estudio de la eco-innovación es un campo de relevancia ascendente en el ámbito científico, y ha sido objeto de análisis exhaustivos desde distintas perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas. La diversidad de estos enfoques evidencia la amplia y compleja naturaleza del constructo en un intento de comprender sus efectos y contribuciones ante las problemáticas ambientales complejas con las que se enfrentan los destinos turísticos. En ese sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la influencia de la eco-innovación sobre la sustentabilidad del sector hotelero de Nuevo Nayarit, México. Para lograrlo se utilizó una metodología con enfoque cuantitativo, de corte transversal y de alcance explicativo, con una participación de 226 trabajadores de la hotelería en una muestra por conveniencia. Para probar la hipótesis de investigación se utilizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM). Los resultados comprueban que la eco-innovación tiene una influencia significativa y positiva sobre la sustentabilidad del sector, donde las buenas prácticas de operación junto a la gestión ambiental son los aspectos de mayor poder explicativo y predictivo. Este trabajo contribuye al conocimiento del turismo en su relación con las ciencias ambientales y la gestión empresarial, evidenciando la realidad en un destino turístico internacional sobre un tema de carácter emergente. Como futuras líneas de investigación se propone ajustar el estudio a una muestra mayor y considerar aspectos específicos de la política turística y ambiental.
Cultura ambiental desde la proyección social comunitaria para la comprensión colectiva de la sustentabilidad
Authors: Pérez-Vásquez Nabi Del Socorro , Arroyo Tirado José Antonio
Published: September 2023

Desde lo educativo, la proyección social se relaciona con actividades y proyectos que vinculan el quehacer académico de la institución, con docentes, padres de familia y educandos, orientada a contribuir con la transformación de realidades sociales y ambientales. La experiencia que se recoge en este artículo se desarrolló en la Institución Educativa Policarpa Salavarrieta a partir de la Investigación Acción Participativa, para contribuir a la cultura ambiental desde la proyección social comunitaria. Se trabajó con una muestra aleatoria por conveniencia de 68 personas, con las cuales se realizaron plenarias, entrevistas y la observación participante para la recolección de información, que fue sistematizada mediante el software de Atlas ti 7. Del análisis emergieron las categorías de cultura ambiental, ambiente y desarrollo sustentable y las subcategorías problemáticas, actitud y educación ambiental, evidenciándose que la comunidad maneja concepciones de ambiente desde una perspectiva naturalista, dejando de lado el ambiente social y cultural, los docentes no discriminan los conceptos de cultura y educación ambiental y en los estudiantes y padres de familia emergió la categoría de desconocimiento. Se desarrollaron acciones de aprendizajes y se propusieron alternativas de soluciones a las problemáticas socioambientales detectadas a través de actividades lúdicas y talleres teórico-prácticos de emprendimiento sustentables. Adicional, se observaron cambios actitudinales y de compromiso participativo más allá del ámbito escolar con apropiación social del conocimiento y el desarrollo de valores o conductas pro-ambientales sustentables, proyectándose al aporte de la economía familiar mediante la transformación de residuos en ecomuebles y ecomacetas.
Racionalidades e concepções de investigação-ação e sua relação com a formação de professores de ciências
Authors: Bremm Daniele , Güllich Roque Ismael da Costa
Published: September 2023

Este artigo propõe uma análise da construção do conceito de Investigação-Ação, trazendo uma abordagem histórica da constituição das perspectivas de racionalidade, com olhar para o Ensino de Ciências. Objetivamos, portanto, identificar como as diferentes perspectivas de racionalidade influenciaram o processo de produção do conceito de Investigação-Ação e quais são as concepções de Investigação-Ação em relação à Formação de Professores de Ciências, prestando atenção especial para o processo de Sistematização de Experiências em teses e dissertações. Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia de caráter qualitativo, utilizando uma Análise Textual Discursiva para verificar as concepções de Investigação-Ação dos autores das teses e dissertações. Os resultados construídos por meio da análise apontaram para seis categorias iniciais e três categorias finais: Investigação-Ação Técnica, Investigação-Ação Prática e Investigação-Ação Crítica. A categoria final que apresentou mais Unidades de Significado foi a Investigação-Ação Crítica, que segue os pressupostos da racionalidade crítica, visa à autonomia dos sujeitos por meio de processos de reflexão sobre a ação. Resultado este que está ligado ao fato de os professores em questão serem mestrandos e doutorandos participantes de coletivos de formação continuada. Portanto, no que tange a Formação de Professores de Ciências, ressaltamos a importância da formação continuada e do processo de Sistematização de Experiências como um elemento importante para o avanço da Investigação-Ação.
In memoriam Adriana Patricia Gallego Torres
Authors: Episteme y Didaxis Tecné
Published: September 2023

In memoriam Adriana Patricia Gallego Torres
In memoriam Ubiratàn D’Ambrosio
Authors: Episteme y Didaxis Tecné
Published: September 2023

In memoriam Ubiratàn D’Ambrosio
¿Qué emociones circularon durante las clases virtuales? Un relevamiento del aspecto emocional en las clases de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales durante la pandemia del virus SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Blumenkranc Vera , Peláez Gabriela , Revel Chion Andrea , Puig Martín
Published: September 2023

El presente artículo se enmarca en la línea de investigación que aborda la dimensión emocional, en el campo de la Didáctica de las Ciencias Naturales; en este texto se exponen los datos, analizados y graficados, que fueron recolectados a través de una encuesta realizada en el año 2020 durante el mes de noviembre. En dicho análisis se abordan cuatro ejes principales: la comunicación entre compañeros, el vínculo con los docentes, los modos de transmisión del contenido, y las modalidades de la evaluación. El contexto de pandemia impuso el pasaje, sin instancias previas de reflexión, a la virtualidad de la enseñanza que tuvo impactos en los aprendizajes difícilmente previsibles. Los resultados de este estudio dan cuenta de la necesidad de considerar los aspectos emocionales en la vida académica, por ejemplo, al identificar el aumento de las emociones positivas frente a las instancias sincrónicas y su contraparte del aumento de las negativas ante la pérdida del intercambio con los pares y el sostenimiento de los métodos tradicionales de evaluación.
Evaluación de destrezas de pensamiento en educación secundaria: propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento independiente de la cultura
Authors: Manassero Mas María Antonia , Vázquez Alonso Ángel
Published: September 2023

La enseñanza de las destrezas de pensamiento constituye una creciente demanda para los sistemas educativos debido a su transversalidad respecto a competencias y aprendizajes, además de su funcionalidad personal y laboral en las actuales sociedades del conocimiento. En la investigación psicológica se conceptualizan como destrezas de pensamiento crítico y se han desarrollado programas de enseñanza y evaluación, principalmente para adultos. Este artículo presenta un instrumento para evaluar destrezas de PC dirigida a jóvenes, que independiente de su cultura, desarrolla un componente figurativo importante, a diferencia de otros instrumentos centrados en aprendizajes específicos. El instrumento evalúa cuatro destrezas: deducción, asunciones, secuenciación y toma de decisiones, en estudiantes de educación secundaria (15-16 años) y su validación empírica toma las calificaciones escolares como criterio externo, compara los dos cursos de los participantes, y otros procedimientos. Los resultados muestran las características psicométricas del instrumento de diagnóstico de las destrezas de pensamiento, donde cabe resaltar la correlación significativa y alta entre las calificaciones escolares y las destrezas de pensamiento, además de la discriminación del instrumento en el diagnóstico diferencial de dos cursos sucesivos. La validez y fiabilidad de las cuestiones figurativas son mejores que las cuestiones verbales, aunque estas proceden de instrumentos estandarizados.Finalmente, se discute la importancia educativa de crear un instrumento deevaluación independiente de la cultura y un lenguaje común para la enseñanzaque permitan desarrollar la enseñanza y evaluación de las destrezas de pensamiento en las aulas; además, se concretan algunas propuestas de revisiónpara mejorar la validez y fiabilidad del instrumento de evaluación.
Actitudes ambientales favorables para fomentar un consumo sustentable en el futuro profesorado de primaria a través de temáticas socioambientales.
Authors: García Ruiz Mayra , Maciel Magaña Senndey , Rayas Prince Jessica G. R. S.
Published: September 2023

La problemática ambiental es un fenómeno complejo en donde todos los factores que la producen están entrelazados y cualquier cambio en alguno de estos factores puede provocar perturbaciones en todos los ámbitos de nuestra vida. Uno de los problemas ambientales más difíciles de relacionar con la crisis ambiental es el consumismo. Consumir se refiere al consumo de bienes y servicios para satisfacer nuestras necesidades básicas. Actualmente, se han creado necesidades artificiales para satisfacer deseos que convierten al consumo en consumismo, atentando contra el bienestar de todo el planeta. Una de las tareas de la educación ambiental es fomentar actitudes y hábitos favorables hacia el ambiente que coadyuven a un uso racional de los recursos naturales y la construcción de una nueva relación con el planeta. Por ello, el objetivo general de esta investigación fue orientar en los futuros profesores de educación primaria, actitudes y hábitos ambientales favorables para fomentar un consumo sustentable mediante la enseñanza de temáticas socioambientales, con un diseño cuasi-experimental y el enfoque CTSA como aproximación didáctica.
Los resultados mostraron que al inicio de la indagación los/as jóvenes tenían poca claridad en conceptos como sustentabilidad, consumo y consumismo y presentaban confusiones entre la ecología y la educación ambiental, no obstante también mostraban actitudes moderadamente favorables y algunos hábitos consumistas. Después de la aplicación de la propuesta didáctica hubo cambios estadísticos significativos en la mayoría de las actitudes y hábitos de consumo y los/as jóvenes lograron reflexiones críticas cuando se concientizaron acerca de sus hábitos de consumo.
La historieta animada en la clase de física: un estudio a partir de la accidentalidad en bicicleta
Authors: Morales Posada Jheison Rene , Reyes Roncancio Jaime Duván , Bustos Velazco Edier Hernán
Published: September 2023

La enseñanza de la física es fundamental para comprender los fenómenosque acontecen en la realidad, interpretarlos, asociarlos e incluso prevenirlos;sin embargo, en ocasiones los estudiantes la asumen como una asignaturaque funciona en la abstracción, con imágenes estáticas e ideales. Este artículopresenta resultados de investigación sobre el diseño y uso de la animación contextualizada para el caso de la enseñanza de la física mediante el análisis de un hecho real de accidente en bicicleta. La animación integró elementos verbales y no verbales en su construcción, para suscitar escenarios de emociones, preguntas y solución de problemas, desde la lógica del aprendizaje basado en problemas y fenómenos. La metodología cualitativa, de corte interpretativo, involucró a los estudiantes como actores de indagación que generaron preguntas, buscaron información y experimentaron. Este proceso se acompañó con la implementación de una historieta conceptual contextualizada relacionada con otro accidente en bicicleta basado en situaciones reales. Además, se aplicó una encuesta, tipo Likert, de motivación acerca de su interacción con la narrativa animada y las historietas. Los resultados demuestran una excelente motivación hacia la clase de física, además del desarrollo de estrategias metacognitivas derivadas de la resolución de preguntas y una integración de terminología especializada, vinculada con escenarios interdisciplinares como la Química y la Anatomía. Además, se construyeron aprendizajes en torno al autocuidado y la prevención relacionados con sus reflexiones sobre variables físicas involucradas en el fenómeno de estudio.
Virtual Learning Object (VLO) for Teaching and Learning Non-Parametric Statistical Methods
Authors: Gaviria-Chavarro Javier , Rojas-Padilla Isabel Cristina , Vergara-López Yury
Published: September 2023

nterpreting, understanding, and applying statistical knowledge, presents, in many cases, some difficulties for students in the training process. For this reason, and thanks to the rise of information and communication technologies; a virtual object was developed for learning the statistical methods of Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U and Wilcoxon, which are included in non-parametric statistics. The objective of this quasi-experimental design study was to apply the virtual object as a teaching-learning strategy for these three statistical methods after its creation and validation in order to support the training of students in biostatistics. The virtual learning object was evaluated by experts through the LORI instrument (tool that allows to evaluate learning objects based on nine variables), granting a quality level in the medium-high range according to the final weighting. The evaluation instrument and the comparative statistical analysis used in this process showed that the learning object is adequate for the purpose and objective set, concluding that there is a significant difference in the academic results of the students to whom this digital tool was applied.
Elementos de la práctica reflexiva en la formación y desarrollo profesional de los docentes
Authors: Candela Rodriguez Boris Fernando
Published: September 2023

La práctica reflexiva es considerada como un elemento que fundamenta el diseño y la implementación de los diferentes cursos de aprender a enseñar una disciplina, los cuales configuran de forma coherente los programas de educación del profesor. Este artículo de reflexión intenta documentar los principales elementos que estructuran la reflexividad como una herramienta sociocognitiva, cuya apropiación progresiva tensiona y ayuda a desarrollar el sistema de conocimiento, creencias y valores sobre la enseñanza-aprendizaje de una disciplina, aspectos con los que llegan los profesores a los programas de formación y desarrollo profesional. En estos se considera la educación como una disciplina práctica que les permite a los docentes enfrentarse a problemas inciertos y complejos durante la planeación y enseñanza, para los cuales no existe una solución prediseñada. La construcción de esta se encuentra mediada por el proceso deliberado de la reflexión para, en y sobre la acción. Estas especies de reflexividad pueden comenzar a ser apropiadas por el profesor a lo largo de un continuo que inicia con la reflexión técnica, pasa por la práctica y finaliza con la crítica, con el fin de identificar y desarrollar las bases del conocimiento para la enseñanza de una disciplina en el marco de asuntos educativos, éticos y sociales.
Uso y refinamiento de representaciones semióticas para estudiantes de licenciatura en matemáticas
Authors: Ayala-García Brandon
Published: September 2023

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un trabajo de investigación, cuyo interés es caracterizar manifestaciones del uso y refinamiento de representaciones semióticas, en el proceso de institucionalización de estudiantes para profesor de matemáticas, cuando formulan y prueban conjeturas asociadas a los números naturales. Para ello, se realiza una red teórica que permite relacionar coherentemente la Resolución de Problemas como metodología, la Teoría de Situaciones Didácticas, los elementos del proceso de institucionalización, así como el lenguaje como parte de la configuración cognitiva según el enfoque ontosemiótico y los sistemas de representación semiótica de Duval (2004). En cuanto a la metodología, se adoptó la investigación-acción, analizando el proceso de resolución de un grupo de estudiantes durante cuatro sesiones. De esta forma, los resultados dan cuenta de una propuesta fundamentada en la Resolución de Problemas que permite una aproximación al saber cultural desde los conocimientos desarrollados por los estudiantes en el proceso de resolución, en el cual seinterviene el uso y refinamiento de representaciones semióticas.
A educação ambiental comunitária com agricultores familiares em situações de riscos pelo uso de agrotóxicos no Brasil
Authors: Silva de Oliveira Alessandro
Published: September 2023

Esta investigação relata parte de um processo de educação ambiental comunitária realizada com agricultores familiares em situações de riscos pelo uso de agrotóxicos no Brasil. É desenvolvida há sete anos com cerca de 102 pessoas, dentre adultos e jovens, de uma pequena comunidade de agricultores familiares, localizada em um distrito de Anápolis, em Goiás, Brasil. Consiste em uma pesquisa-ação de um Núcleo de Pesquisas e Estudos na Formação Docente e Educação Ambiental, no empoderamento das pessoas submetidas a situações de vulnerabilidade social pelo uso e exposição a venenos. A pesquisa acontece nos espaços da Instituição, nos locais de trabalho dos agricultores e na escola rural da comunidade. A base teórico-metodológica que orienta a atuação é a perspectiva crítica da educação ambiental. Neste contexto, os dados foram/são coletados nas vivências cotidianas e por meio de instrumentos quali/quantitativos, analisados pela Análise de Conteúdo. Com o desenvolvimento de ações planejadas e executadas por meio de uma educação ambiental comunitária, apresentamos os caminhos possíveis frente as situações de riscos pelo uso de agrotóxicos nesta comunidade.
Prácticas de educación ambiental comunitaria en el arrecife de Isla Fuerte, Bolívar
Authors: Florez-Nisperuza Elvira Patricia , Taborda-Carol María Alejandra , Medina-Hernández Jennyfer
Published: September 2023

El artículo presenta un reporte de caso educativo asociado a las prácticas de educación ambiental comunitarias en el arrecife de Isla Fuerte, Bolívar, vivenciado en el despliegue de las experiencias de concientización y cultura ambiental, a partir de la identificación de los conocimientos locales sostenibles. A través del ecoturismo comunitario, el cual implica viajes responsables hacia áreas naturales para conservar el medioambiente y mejorar las condiciones de la población mediante prácticas como los guardianes mar, avistamiento de aves migratorias, talleres de trasmallo como arte de pesca artesanal y museo submarino, se logra consolidar metodológicamente esta experiencia desde una perspectiva cualitativa etnográfica, describiendo e interpretando de manera sistemática la cultura ambiental de los diversos habitantes de la isla. La experiencia educativa realizada concluye que la educación ambiental comunitaria permite trasformaciones locales y paisajísticas, al igual que el fortalecimiento del tejido humano participante.
Educación en ciencias, sexualidad y afectividad: un diálogo con docentes formadores de maestros
Authors: Mosquera Jonathan Andrés , García-García José Joaquín , Amórtegui Cedeño Elías Francisco
Published: September 2023

Atendiendo a que la formación inicial del profesorado es un factor que incide en el desarrollo de las prácticas de aula y los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en torno a conceptos propios del saber y su articulación con los fenómenos culturales, se ha desarrollado un estudio cualitativo con docentes formadores de maestros de ciencias naturales al interior de un programa de licenciatura en la región sur de Colombia. En este estudio se reconocen las concepciones del profesorado formador en torno a la vinculación de la sexualidad y la afectividad con la educación en ciencias. Para ello, se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada sobre los ejes temáticos de interés. La información fue sistematizada y analizada a través de la técnica de análisis textual discursivo, construyendo un sistema de unidades de sentido, categorías y redes semánticas en torno al fenómeno de estudio. Los hallazgos evidencian que, aunque el profesorado reconoce la importancia de abordar asuntos de interés sociocientífico en el aula de ciencias naturales, este desarrolla propuestas formativas con los futuros maestros que se limitan a los contenidos de tipo biologicista y fuertemente articulados a las ciencias experimentales.
Sanger Tree of Life HMW DNA Extraction: Automated Plant MagAttract v.4 v1
Authors: Jackson Benjamin
Published: September 2023

This protocol describes the automated extraction and SPRI of HMW DNA from cryogenically homogenised or bead-beaten tissue samples from plants and fungi intended for long-read sequencing. It employs the Qiagen MagAttract HMW DNA extraction kit and the Thermo Fisher KingFisher™ Apex. This process is effective for a wide variety of plant species covered by the Tree of Life Programme. The output of this protocol is HMW DNA, which depending upon yield and genome size of the species, can be directed towards either HMW DNA Pooling, HMW DNA Fragmentation: Diagenode Megaruptor®3 for LI PacBio or HMW DNA Fragmentation: g-Tube for ULI PacBio. This protocol was adapted from Sanger Tree of Life HMW DNA Extraction: Automated Plant MagAttract v.3 to further improve sample lysis. These improvements have been made through a combination of preheating the lysis buffer, delaying the addition of RNase A to later on in sample lysis and increasing centrifugation of the lysate, which have led to a reduction in tissue clumping, minimised oxidative damage of the DNA, reduced Proteinase K inhibition of RNase A and increased purity of the HMW DNA due to the exclusion of aggregated, insoluble or sedimented contaminants. Acronyms HMW: high molecular weight SPRI: solid-phase reversible immobilisation LI: low input ULI: ultra-low input
Sanger Tree of Life Sample Homogenisation: Cryogenic Bead Beating of Plants with FastPrep-96 v1
Authors: Jackson Benjamin
Published: September 2023

Disruption under cryogenic conditions is vital to interrupt the often tough, flexible and rigid structure of plant tissues whilst maintaining nucleic acid integrity. Cryogenic bead beating on the FastPrep-96, using 3 × 3 mm stainless steel beads in 1.9 mL Tri-coded FluidX tube, allows for the rapid disruption of up to 96 plant samples simultaneously. Further, the minimal handling time per sample and closed environment of the tube during disruption results in minimal risk of ambient temperature exposure, sample loss or cross contamination. We recommend an input mass of 10–100 mg flash-frozen plant tissue, dissected into <1 cm2 pieces. Input requirements will vary depending on the downstream protocol to be performed, the plant species used, tissue type and sample quality. High-quality, young leaf material should be preferentially selected for optimal outcomes with ToL’s downstream applications; alternative tissue types can be selected (e.g. herbaceous stem, petiole or flower), but outcomes may vary. Non-pliable, rigid or highly fibrous tissues (e.g. woody or rigid, fibrous stem) should be avoided for optimal disruption outcomes, however if a necessity, these structures should be preemptively interrupted and dissected into pieces smaller than 5 mm2. Modifications to bead type and number of disruptions can be made to accommodate alternative sample types. Following disruption, prepped tissues can be used immediately for appropriate downstream procedures, or can be stored long term at –70 °C with few detrimental effects. Approved downstream procedures of beat beaten plant tissue includes: HMW gDNA extraction for long-read PacBio HiFi sequencing, RNA extraction for RNA-seq and Hi-C genomic analysis. Acronym HMW: high molecular weight gDNA: genomic DNA HiFi: high fidelity
Sanger Tree of Life HMW DNA Extraction: Automated MagAttract v.1 v1
Authors: Sheerin Edel
Published: September 2023

This protocol describes the automated extraction of HMW DNA from multiple different tissue samples from a variety of species intended for long-read sequencing, using the Qiagen MagAttract HMW DNA extraction kit and the ThermoFisher KingFisher™ Apex. This process is effective for a wide variety of taxonomic groups covered by the Tree of Life Programme, excluding plants and fungi. The output of this protocol is HMW DNA, which depending upon yield and genome size of the species, can be directed towards either HMW DNA Pooling or HMW DNA Fragmentation: Diagenode Megaruptor®3 for LI HiFi. This protocol was adapted from Sanger Tree of Life HMW DNA Extraction: Manual MagAttract to include automation for a higher throughput of samples, and has since been updated to Sanger Tree of Life HMW DNA Extraction: Automated MagAttract v.2 to include a pre-shear SPRI of the HMW DNA extracted. Acronyms HMW: high molecular weight SPRI: solid-phase reversible immobilisation HiFi: high fidelity
Synthesis and Characterization of Tb–Er Co–Doped Bi2O3 Solid Electrolyte Systems
Authors: Balcı Murat
Published: September 2023

In this study, solid state reactions were used to create Er–Tb co–doped Bi2O3 solid electrolyte systems. Four Point Tip Technique (FPPT), Thermo–gravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis (TG & DTA), and X–Ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the generated samples' structural and thermal properties, and electrical conductivity. The samples 05Er05TbSB, 05Er10TbSB, and 15Er05TbSB stabilized with cubic δ–phase at room temperature, according to XRD data. Due to the smaller dopants ions compared to the host Bi3+ cation, the lattice constants estimated for these samples were lower than those of the pure cubic phase. The samples were thought to be thermally stable in the studied temperature range since the thermal curves did not show endothermic or exothermic peak development indicating a potential phase change. According to the Arrhenius equation, the temperature–dependent conductivity graphs displayed a linear change. The conductivity measurements clearly indicated that an increase in doping rate results in a sudden drop in electrical conductivity. The calculated activation energies increased with the doping ratio and varied from 0.64 eV to 1.12 eV. At 700 °C, it was determined to be 0.128 S.cm–1 for the sample 05Er05TbSB, which had the greatest conductivity and lowest activation energy among all samples. The conductivity was discovered to decrease and activation energy to increase when the doping ratio was gradually raised.
Relations Among Minimal Elements of a Family of Sets with Respect to Various Set Order Relations
Authors: Atasever Güvenç İlknur
Published: September 2023

In this article, some set order relations given for set-optimization criterion which is one of the solution concept of set-valued optimization problems are considered. Minimal elements of a family of sets with respect to these set order relations are compared in detail. For this comparison relations between set order relations mentioned in this article are used. Also, in cases where a family of minimal sets is not a subset of the other one, examples are given.
Determination Of Some Trace Elements In Some Lipstick Products By Inductive Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Daltaban İnan Gözde Gülin , Şeren Gülay
Published: September 2023

Cosmetics have been attracting the attention of humanity since it existed. Over the years, the reach of the cosmetics industry has increased exponentially. In recent years, cosmetic manufacturers have developed many formulations on cosmetic products that are brighter in color, more permanent and not easily affected by external factors. However, heavy metal powders are used while producing these formulations especially inside in dyestuffs and stabilizers. Cosmetic products can be absorbed through the skin and cause systemic toxicity. Hundreds of chemicals are used in many cosmetic products such as make-up products, shampoos, creams, aftershaves, and these chemicals may cause significant health problems. Thus, this study is designed to investigate the heavy metal content of lipstick samples which are used extensively by women. Determination of aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), elements in 35 different lipstick samples (including 15 brands) were performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrophotometer (ICP-MS) device. Before the analysis, two different solubilization methods, wet solubilization and dry ashing, were applied to the samples in order to take the metals in the lipstick samples into inorganic environment
Effect of Synthesizing Process on the Formation of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Aka Cemal , Akyol Mustafa
Published: September 2023

In this work, the effect of synthesizing process on the morphology, structure, and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles have been studied by performing X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer measurements. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal and solvothermal methods. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that both samples have cubic crystal phase. However, Fe2O3 impurity peaks were observed in the sample synthesized by hydrothermal method. The crystallite sizes of samples synthesized by hydrothermal and solvothermal methods were approximately 38 and 24 nm, respectively. The scanning electron microscope images show that spherical porous and cubic shape Fe3O4 nanoparticles were obtained by solvothermal and hydrothermal method, respectively. The average particle sizes of Fe3O4 samples synthesized by hydrothermal and solvothermal methods were determined as 220 and 450 nm, respectively. Both samples behave a soft ferromagnetic characteristic having almost zero coercive field. The magnetic saturation values of Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal and solvothermal methods were determined as 28.78 and 77.31 emu/g, respectively. As a result of the characterizations, porous Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by solvothermal method show better crystal structure, morphological and magnetic properties than Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal method.
Bayesian Analysis for the Modified Frechet–Exponential Distribution with Covid-19 Application
Authors: Akdam Neriman
Published: September 2023

In this manuscript, the maximum likelihood estimators and Bayes estimators for the parameters of the modified Frechet–exponential distribution. Because the Bayes estimators cannot be obtained in closed forms, the approximate Bayes estimators are computed using the idea of Lindley’s approximation method under squared-error loss function. Then, the approximate Bayes estimates are compared with the maximum likelihood estimates in terms of mean square error and bias values using Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, real data sets belonging to COVID-19 death cases in Europe and China to are used to demonstrate the emprical results belonging to the approximate Bayes estimates, the maximum likelihood estimates.
A Density Functional Theory (DFT) based Analysis on the Inhibition Performances of Some Triazole Derivatives for Iron Corrosion
Authors: Karakuş Nihat , Kaya Savaş
Published: September 2023

Iron is one of the widely used metals in industry. For that reason, the prevention of the corrosion of such metals via new designed inhibitor systems is among the interest of corrosion scientists. In the present paper, we investigated the corrosion inhibition performance of 2-((1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) methoxy) benzaldehyde (A), 4-((1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) methoxy) benzaldehyde (B), 4-((4-nitrophenoxy) methyl)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (C), 4-methyl-7-((1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) methoxy)-2H-chromen-2-one (D) against iron corrosion. For the mentioned inhibitor systems, important reactivity descriptors like frontier orbital energies, chemical potential, electronegativity, hardness, softness, polarizability, dipole moment, back-donation energy, electrophilicity, electroaccepting power and electrodonating power were calculated and discussed. Calculations were repeated using various methods and basis sets in different phases. The chemical reactivities of the inhibitors were predicted in the light of well-known electronic structure rules like Maximum Hardness and Minimum Polarizability Principles. The obtained data showed that the best corrosion inhibitor among them is molecule D while the most stable molecule is molecule C. The theoretical data support the experimental observations.
Non-drug methods of influencing the pharyngeal tonsil and their clinical effectiveness in the complex therapy of chronic adenoiditis in children
Authors: Solodovnik Anna V. , Dubinets Irina D. , Lengina Maria A. , Kiseleva Ekaterina O. , Klepikov Semyon V.
Published: September 2023

Background. The importance of finding additional treatments for chronic adenoiditis is determined by its high prevalence.
Aim. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation in combination with photochromotherapy in the complex therapy of chronic adenoiditis in children.
Material and methods. Three groups were formed by randomization by the envelope method. Patients of the control group (the first group, 32 children) were not exposed to physical methods. One study group (the second group, 27 children) received low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation with photochromotherapy on the lymphoid tissue of the pharyngeal tonsil; another study group (third group, 25 children) low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation. The course of treatment was 7 days. Comparative evaluation of indicators was carried out before the start of therapy and on the 7th day. The dimensions of the pharyngeal tonsil were visualized, and the pathological discharge on the surface of the adenoid vegetations was assessed. For nominal data, absolute and relative frequency (%) were calculated, group comparison was performed using Pearson's 2 test.
Results. After treatment in the second group, there was a decrease in the amount of purulent discharge on the surface of the pharyngeal tonsil by 35%, mucous by 20% (p=0.000), the number of children with grade 3 adenoid hypertrophy decreased by 55% compared with the period before the use of physical methods impact (p=0.000). In the third group, the same data were obtained a decrease by 35 and 20%, respectively, in the amount of purulent and mucous discharge (p=0.000), the proportion of children with grade 3 adenoid hypertrophy decreased by 44% (p=0.000). Low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation increases the effectiveness of conservative treatment by 2.08 times (confidence interval 1.02; 4.22), and in combination with photochromotherapy 2.37 times (confidence interval 1.21; 4.67) compared with the control group.
Conclusion. Low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation with photochromotherapy is effective in the complex therapy of chronic adenoiditis in children.
Doctor, educator, politician Mstislav Aleksandrovich Kulaev (on the 150th anniversary of his birth)
Authors: Rakhimkulov Azamat S. , Gafarov Aidar A. , Sultanov Oleg R.
Published: September 2023

The article describes the medical, scientific, organizational, as well as political activities of the outstanding doctor of the Tatar and Bashkir ASSR Mstislav Aleksandrovich (Mukhametkhan Sakhipgareevich) Kulaev. His name went down in history because of the signing of the Agreement of the Central Soviet Power with the Bashkir Government on Soviet Autonomous Bashkiria on March 20, 1919 in Moscow. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that February 7, 2023 marked the 150th anniversary of the birth of M.A. Kulaev, and in 2019 the Republic of Bashkortostan celebrated the 100th anniversary of its formation. The article publishes for the first time previously unknown facts concerning Essays on the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, the author of which is M.A. Kulaev, who collected material during his work with tuberculosis patients. In addition, the authors were able to personally meet with the heirs of the famous Kazan doctor and draw many new, unknown facts from the biography of this outstanding healthcare figure in the Tatar and Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics.
Overview of modern digital diagnostic image markup tools
Authors: Vasilev Yuriy A. , Savkina Ekaterina F. , Vladzymyrskyy Anton V. , Omelyanskaya Olga V. , Arzamasov Kirill M.
Published: September 2023

Background. In modern medicine, artificial intelligence algorithms are being actively introduced, for testing and training of which a large amount of labeled datasets is required. Software for labeling (annotation) of digital diagnostic images is a necessary element when creating datasets.
Aim. To review the capabilities and comparative analysis of the functionality of the most common available software for annotating digital diagnostic images.
Material and methods. Five free and one commercial software product for annotation of digital diagnostic images participated in the comparative analysis. When testing the marking process on medical images for several target types of pathology, the usability of the graphical user interface and functionality was evaluated. The functionality of the software products has been tested by radiologists with over 5 years of experience. In addition, a review of semi-automatic segmentation methods implemented in the studied software products was carried out. As initial medical images, datasets of computed tomography studies obtained from open sources, were used.
Results. Comparison of software functionality for annotation of digital diagnostic images was made: supported formats; loading, presenting and saving original images and annotation data; the possibility of visualization of medical images; annotation tools. The algorithms underlying semi-automatic segmentation methods were studied and systematized. The requirements for the basic functionality of software for labeling digital diagnostic images have been formulated. The results obtained create a systematic basis for developing recommendations for radiologists on the choice and use of digital diagnostic image marking tools.
Conclusion. The most complete functionality in the field of segmentation of digital diagnostic images among the considered free software has 3D Slicer; in the case of annotation for detection tasks, it is convenient to use the Supervisely, CVAT platforms; for automatic segmentation of some types of pathology and organs, 3D Slicer extensions and ready-made models in Medseg can be used.