bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder risk factors in children: Analysis of a 23‐year single‐institutional experience
Authors: Bosse Raphael C. , Franke Aaron J. , Paul Skelton William , Woody Lindsey E. , Bishnoi Rohit , Wang Yu , Bhaduri‐McIntosh Sumita , Rajderkar Dhanashree , Shih Renata , Dang Nam H. , Slayton William B.
Published: June 2020

Introduction

PTLD is the most frequent malignancy following SOT in children and the second most common SOT complication in adults. However, factors determining outcomes in children are poorly understood due to its relative rarity.

Methods

This study was performed at the University of Florida. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify prognostic factors in pediatric patients diagnosed with PTLD.

Results

We reviewed records of 54 pediatric (younger than 18 years old at diagnosis) patients diagnosed with PTLD from 1994 to 2017. The median follow‐up was 28.8 months. The estimated 5‐year survival rate was 87.6% (95% CI 74.3‐94.2%). Univariate analysis showed that organ transplanted (specifically heart transplant), poor response to initial treatment, allograft rejection, and low Karnofsky score were statistically significant for negative prognostic factors in determining survival. Multivariate analysis determined progression in response to initial treatment and presence of allograft rejection as statistically significant prognostic factors affecting overall survival. We found no statistically significant impact of EBV serological status on PTLD prognosis.

Conclusions

Disease progression and allograft rejection were strong negative prognostic indicators in our study cohort. Close attention to graft status and development of therapies that protect the graft from rejection while bolstering anti‐EBV immunity will be essential to further improving PTLD outcomes in children.
Subnanosecond phase transition dynamics in laser-shocked iron
Authors: Hwang H. , Galtier E. , Cynn H. , Eom I. , Chun S. H. , Bang Y. , Hwang G. C. , Choi J. , Kim T. , Kong M. , Kwon S. , Kang K. , Lee H. J. , Park C. , Lee J. I. , Lee Yongmoon , Yang W. , Shim S.-H. , Vogt T. , Kim Sangsoo , Park J. , Kim Sunam , Nam D. , Lee J. H. , Hyun H. , Kim M. , Koo T.-Y. , Kao C.-C. , Sekine T. , Lee Yongjae
Published: June 2020

Iron was shocked and probed at unprecedented time and strain rate to show all of its known structural types in 2.5 ns.
Shuttered natural history museums fight for survival
Authors: Pennisi Elizabeth
Published: June 2020

But creative scientists vow recovery and move research and public programs online.
Genomic insights into the early peopling of the Caribbean
Authors: Nägele Kathrin , Posth Cosimo , Iraeta Orbegozo Miren , Chinique de Armas Yadira , Hernández Godoy Silvia Teresita , González Herrera Ulises M. , Nieves-Colón Maria A. , Sandoval-Velasco Marcela , Mylopotamitaki Dorothea , Radzeviciute Rita , Laffoon Jason , Pestle William J. , Ramos-Madrigal Jazmin , Lamnidis Thiseas C. , Schaffer William C. , Carr Robert S. , Day Jane S. , Arredondo Antúnez Carlos , Rangel Rivero Armando , Martínez-Fuentes Antonio J. , Crespo-Torres Edwin , Roksandic Ivan , Stone Anne C. , Lalueza-Fox Carles , Hoogland Menno , Roksandic Mirjana , Hofman Corinne L. , Krause Johannes , Schroeder Hannes
Published: June 2020

A complex dispersal into the Caribbean

The settlement of the Caribbean and genetic relationships among pre-European Caribbean people remain a mystery. After examining 93 ancient genomes dating to a range from about 3200 to 400 years ago, Nägele
et al.
suggest that at least three separate colonization events, including a previously unknown wave, were connected to radiation events in North America. The two more ancient lineages coexisted in Cuba but were fully separate genetically, with later movement into the region from a third group from South America. The study not only informs on the settlement of the Caribbean but also lends insights into the broader-scale intercontinental radiation of humans across the American landscape, including across substantial water boundaries.

Science
, this issue p.
456
Where logic meets emotion
Girl Decoded: A Scientist's Quest to Reclaim Our Humanity by Bringing Emotional Intelligence to Technology
Rana el Kaliouby with Carol Colman
Currency, 2020. 352 pp.
Authors: Venkatraman Vijaysree
Published: June 2020

A computer scientist gets candid about her quest to bring empathy to artificial intelligence
Supplemental Material: The western Hayfork terrane: Remnants of the Middle Jurassic arc in the Klamath Mountain province, California and Oregon
Authors: Barnes C.G. , Barnes M.A.
Published: June 2020

Figure S1: Representative structural section of western Hayfork terrane in the Boise Saddle area, with a lower-hemisphere stereogram of poles to bedding. Figure S2: Outcrop photos of western Hayfork terrane taken along the measured section indicated in Figure 1. A. Cobble-rich lahar deposit. B. Laminated crystal-lithic arenite. Table S1: Locations and lithology of analyzed samples. Table S2: Calculated temperatures and pressures of augite and amphibole crystallization. Table S3: Major-element compositions of clinopyroxene. Table S4: Major-element compositions of amphibole. Table S5: Trace-element compositions of clinopyroxene and amphibole. Table S6: Bulk-rock compositions of the Forks of Salmon pluton.
Telephone health coaching with exercise monitoring using wearable activity trackers (TeGeCoach) for improving walking impairment in peripheral artery disease: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation
Authors: Rezvani Farhad , Heider Dirk , Härter Martin , König Hans-Helmut , Bienert Frank , Brinkmann Julia , Herbarth Lutz , Kramer Edith , Steinisch Patrick , Freudenstein Frank , Terhalle René , Grosse Yvonne , Bock Susanne , Posselt Jacqueline , Beutel Corinna , Reif Franziska , Kirchhoff Florian , Neuschwander Carolin , Löffler Franziska , Brunner Lisa , Dickmeis Patrick , Heidenthal Thomas , Schmitz Lara , Chase Daniela Patricia , Seelenmeyer Claudia , Alscher Mark Dominik , Tegtbur Uwe , Dirmaier Jörg
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is the third most prevalent cardiovascular disease worldwide, with smoking and diabetes being the strongest risk factors. The most prominent symptom is leg pain while walking, known as intermittent claudication. To improve mobility, first-line treatment for intermittent claudication is supervised exercise programmes, but these remain largely unavailable and economically impractical, which has led to the development of structured home-based exercise programmes. This trial aims to determine the effectiveness and cost advantage of TeGeCoach, a 12-month long home-based exercise programme, compared with usual care of PAD. It is hypothesised that TeGeCoach improves walking impairment and lowers the need of health care resources that are spent on patients with PAD.

Methods and analysis

The investigators conduct a prospective, pragmatic randomised controlled clinical trial in a health insurance setting. 1760 patients diagnosed with PAD at Fontaine stage II are randomly assigned to either TeGeCoach or care-as-usual. TeGeCoach consists of telemonitored intermittent walking exercise with medical supervision by a physician and telephone health coaching. Participants allocated to the usual care group receive information leaflets and can access supervised exercise programmes, physical therapy and a variety of programmes for promoting a healthy lifestyle. The primary outcome is patient reported walking ability based on the Walking Impairment Questionnaire. Secondary outcome measures include quality of life, health literacy and health behaviour. Claims data are used to collect total health care costs, healthcare resource use and (severe) adverse events. Outcomes are measured at baseline, 12 and 24 months.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained from the Medical Association Hamburg. Findings are disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, reports to the funding body, conference presentations and media press releases. Data from this trial are made available to the public and researchers upon reasonable request.

NCT03496948 (www.clinicaltrials.gov), Pre-results.
The KOMPACT-P study: Knee Osteoarthritis Management with Physiotherapy informed by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy—Pilot study protocol
Authors: March Marie K , Harmer Alison , Godfrey Emma , Venkatesh Shruti , Thomas Bijoy , Dennis Sarah
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Incidence of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is projected to rise 276% in 2030, and psychological distress affects up to 42% of people with knee osteoarthritis undergoing TKA, with demonstrated detrimental effects on postoperative outcomes. Few studies have assessed psychological treatment in people awaiting TKA, and these have been psychologist-delivered treatments. No evidence exists regarding psychologically-informed interventions delivered by health professionals currently embedded in TKA clinical pathways. The primary aim of this pilot study is to explore the safety, acceptability and feasibility of the Knee Osteoarthritis Management with Physiotherapy informed by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (KOMPACT) approach in people awaiting TKA.

Methods and analysis

51 community-dwelling adults scheduled for a primary TKA at two hospitals will be recruited to this pilot, mixed-methods, prospective randomised controlled trial with assessor blinding. Participants will be randomised in a 1:2 ratio to either usual care (education class) or usual care plus KOMPACT (2 hours 20 min of preoperative physiotherapy informed by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy). Our primary outcome measures are safety (length of stay, complications and psychological health after KOMPACT), acceptability (treatment credibility and qualitative data) and feasibility (recruitment, retention and intervention fidelity) of the KOMPACT approach. Secondary outcomes include health service outcomes, patient-reported physical and psychological outcomes, and physical performance measures. Quantitative data collection was conducted at baseline, 1–2 weeks before TKA, 6 weeks after TKA and 6 months after TKA. Qualitative data collection is 1–2 weeks before TKA. Data analysis will take a quantitative-led approach with triangulation after thematic analysis of the qualitative data.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has full ethics approval (HREC/18/WMEAD/440). Results from this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at local and international conferences.

Trial registration number

Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001867280p).
Point-of-care tests for urinary tract infections: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy
Authors: Fraile Navarro David , Sullivan Frank , Azcoaga-Lorenzo Amaya , Hernandez Santiago Virginia
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common type of infection worldwide, accounting for a large number of primary care consultations and antibiotic prescribing. Current diagnosis is based on an empirical approach, relying on symptoms and occasional use of urine dipsticks. The diagnostic reference standard is still urine culture, although it is not routinely recommended for uncomplicated UTIs in the community, due to time to diagnosis (48 hours). Faster point-of-care tests have been developed, but their diagnostic accuracy has not been compared. Our objective is to systematically review and meta-analyse the diagnostic accuracy of currently available point-of-care tests for UTIs.

Methods and analysis

Studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care tests for UTIs will be included. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from inception to 1 June 2019. Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment will be assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. Meta-analysis will be performed depending on data availability and heterogeneity.

Ethics and dissemination

This is a systematic review protocol and therefore formal ethical approval is not required, as no primary, identifiable, personal data will be collected. Patients or the public were not involved in the design of our research. However, the findings from this review will be shared with key stakeholders, including patient groups, clinicians and guideline developers, and will also be presented and national and international conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018112019.
Anlotinib combined with SOX regimen (S1 (tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil porassium capsules) + oxaliplatin) in treating stage IV gastric cancer: study protocol for a single-armed and single-centred clinical trial
Authors: Wang Juan , Wu Dong Xue , Meng Lu , Ji Gang
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Anlotinib hydrochloride is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets angiogenesis-related kinases and has already showed good safety and efficacy in some solid tumours. However, evidence on the safety and feasibility of anlotinib in patients with stage IV gastric cancer is scarce.

Methods and analysis

This study is a single-armed and single-centred clinical study being designed to include 150 patients of stage IV gastric cancer. The patients’ demographics, pathological characteristics, test results of blood, biochemistry and tumour markers before and after medication, disease-free survival and overall survival will be collected and analysed. The primary and main efficacy outcomes are objective response rate, progression-free survival, disease control rate and overall survival. The secondary efficacy outcome is safety indicator including the incidence of adverse drug reactions and adverse events after administration.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee at the First Affiliated Hospital (Xijing Hospital) of Fourth Military Medical University (KY20192111-F-1). The results of this study will be disseminated at several research conferences and as published articles in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR1900026291 (registration date: 29 September 2019).
Assessment of visually guided reaching in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease: a cross-sectional study protocol
Authors: Mitchell Alexandra G , McIntosh Robert D , Rossit Stephanie , Hornberger Michael , Pal Suvankar
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Recent evidence has implicated the precuneus of the medial parietal lobe as one of the first brain areas to show pathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Damage to the precuneus through focal brain injury is associated with impaired visually guided reaching, particularly for objects in peripheral vision. This raises the hypothesis that peripheral misreaching may be detectable in patients with prodromal AD. The aim of this study is to assess the frequency and severity of peripheral misreaching in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD.

Methods and analysis

Patients presenting with amnestic MCI, mild-to-moderate AD and healthy older-adult controls will be tested (target N=24 per group). Peripheral misreaching will be assessed using two set-ups: a tablet-based task of lateral reaching and motion-tracked radial reaching (in depth). There are two versions of each task, one where participants can look directly at targets (free reaching), another wheren they must maintain central fixation (peripheral reaching). All tasks will be conducted first on their dominant, and then their non-dominant side. For each combination of task and side, a Peripheral Misreaching Index (PMI) will be calculated as the increase in absolute reaching error between free and peripheral reaching. Each patient will be classified as showing peripheral misreaching if their PMI is significantly abnormal, by comparison to control performance, on either side of space. We will then test whether the frequency of peripheral misreaching exceeds the chance level in each patient group and compare the overall severity of misreaching between groups.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was provided by the National Health Service (NHS) East of England, Cambridge Central Research Ethics Committee (REC 19/EE/0170). The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at academic conferences.
Spirituality and religiosity in a palliative medicine population: mixed-methods study
Authors: O'Callaghan Clare C , Georgousopoulou Ekavi , Seah Davinia , Clayton Josephine M , Kissane David , Michael Natasha
Published: June 2020

Background

Spiritual care allows palliative care patients to gain a sense of purpose, meaning and connectedness to the sacred or important while experiencing a serious illness. This study examined how Australian patients conceptualise their spirituality/religiosity, the associations between diagnosis and spiritual/religious activities, and views on the amount of spiritual support received.

Methods

This mixed-methods study used anonymous semistructured questionnaires, which included the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Scale-12 (FACIT-SP-12) and adapted and developed questions examining religion/spirituality’s role and support.

Results

Participants numbered 261, with a 50.9% response rate. Sixty-two per cent were affiliated with Christianity and 24.2% with no religion. The mean total FACIT-SP-12 score was 31.9 (SD 8.6). Patients with Christian affiliation reported a higher total FACIT-SP-12 score compared with no religious affiliation (p=0.003). Those with Christian and Buddhist affiliations had higher faith subscale scores compared with those with no religious affiliation (p<0.001). Spirituality was very important to 39.9% and religiosity to 31.7% of patients, and unimportant to 30.6% and 39.5%, respectively. Following diagnosis, patients prayed (p<0.001) and meditated (p<0.001) more, seeking more time, strength and acceptance. Attendance at religious services decreased with frailty (p<0.001), while engagement in other religious activities increased (p=0.017). Patients who received some level of spiritual/religious support from external religious/faith communities and moderate to complete spiritual/religious needs met by the hospitals reported greater total FACIT-SP-12 spirituality scores (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Respectful inquiry into patients spiritual/religious needs in hospitals allows for an attuned approach to addressing such care needs while considerately accommodating those disinterested in such support.
Female Athlete Triad Coalition cumulative risk assessment tool: proposed alternative scoring strategies
Authors: Koltun Kristen J. , Williams Nancy I. , De Souza Mary Jane
Published: June 2020

We (i) identified alternative scoring strategies for the Female Athlete Triad Coalition cumulative risk assessment (CRA) tool to be utilized when particular risk factors (bone mineral density (BMD), oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea) cannot be determined; (ii) objectively defined dietary restriction for use in the CRA tool; and (iii) explored proxy measures of energy deficiency. This cross-sectional investigation of exercising women (n = 166) utilized an existing database derived from multiple studies designed to assess health, exercise, and menstrual function. Data from the screening/baseline period of each study included: anthropometrics, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, disordered eating questionnaires, descriptive data, and proxy measures of energy deficiency (total triiodothyronine (TT3) and ratio of measured-to-predicted resting metabolic rate (mRMR/pRMR)). Substituting delayed menarche for BMD was the best-fit replacement resulting in 15 (9%) participants being categorized in different clearance categories. When menstrual status cannot be assessed, such as during hormonal contraceptive use, low energy availability (EA) determined using self-report and disordered eating questionnaires was the best substitution, resulting in 34 (20%) participants being categorized in different clearance categories. Based on original clearance categorizations, the provisional group had lower TT3 (78.3 ± 2.2 ng/dL; 92.7 ± 2.7 ng/dL) and Harris–Benedict mRMR/pRMR (0.85 ± 0.01; 0.90 ± 0.01) than the full group. Until an updated risk assessment tool is developed, delayed menarche can substitute for low BMD and low EA for oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea.

Novelty This investigation addresses previous limitations of the Triad CRA tool. Disordered eating questionnaires can be used to objectively identify dietary restriction for the low EA risk factor. When a risk factor cannot be assessed, delayed menarche can substitute for low BMD and low EA for oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea.
On the mixing angle of the vector mesons ω(782) and ϕ(1020)
Authors: Volkov M. K. , Pivovarov A. A. , Nurlan K.
Published: June 2020

In this work, the mixing angle of the vector [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mesons is estimated in the framework of Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model. The decay [Formula: see text] is considered as a basic process to determine this angle. The obtained value is compared with the results of the other authors. Besides, the width of the decay [Formula: see text] and the cross-section of the process [Formula: see text] are calculated by using this angle.
Forward–backward asymmetry in electron–positron annihilation into pion or kaon pairs revisited
Authors: Arbuzov Andrej B. , Kopylova Tatiana V. , Seilkhanova Gulnazym A.
Published: June 2020

Forward–backward (charge) asymmetry in the processes of [Formula: see text] annihilation into a pair of charged pseudoscalar mesons is recalculated in the one-loop approximation. The exact dependence on the meson masses is taken into account. Results known in the literature are partially corrected. The bulk of the charge asymmetry appears due to double-photon exchange in [Formula: see text] channel. Experimental studies of the asymmetry can be used to verify the point-like approximation used in calculation of radiative corrections due to emission of photons by pions or kaons.
Reevaluation of spin-orbit dynamics of polarized e+e− beams in high energy circular accelerators and storage rings: An approach based on a Bloch equation
Authors: Heinemann Klaus , Appelö Daniel , Barber Desmond P. , Beznosov Oleksii , Ellison James A.
Published: June 2020

We give an overview of our current/future analytical and numerical work on the spin polarization in high-energy electron storage rings. Our goal is to study the possibility of polarization for the CEPC and FCC-ee. Our work is based on the so-called Bloch equation for the polarization density introduced by Derbenev and Kondratenko in 1975. We also give an outline of the standard approach, the latter being based on the Derbenev–Kondratenko formulas.
FCC-ee interaction region backgrounds
Authors: Voutsinas G. , Elsener K. , Janot P. , El Khechen D. , Kolano A. , Leogrande E. , Perez E. F. , Tehrani N. A. , Viazlo O. , Boscolo M. , Blanco O. , Collamati F. , Bacchetta N. , Dam M. , Sullivan M. K.
Published: June 2020

The FCC-ee machine induced backgrounds on the two proposed detectors (CLD and IDEA) have been studied in detail. Synchrotron Radiation (SR) considerations dictate the Interaction Region (IR) optimization. An asymmetric IR design limits the final bend critical energy to 100 keV. Masks placed before the final focus quadrupole protect the detector from direct hits, and a shield placed around the beam pipe from secondary particles, keeping the effect of SR on the detector to negligible levels. The most important source of background is expected to be the Incoherent Pair Creation (IPC). Its effect has been studied in full simulation and reconstruction, and it was shown that it will not pose a problem for the detector, even if conservative estimations for the time resolution of the detector sensors are assumed. Moreover, the [Formula: see text], radiative Bhabhas and beam-gas interaction induced backgrounds were studied. All were found to have small to negligible effect on the detector. Overall, the FCC–ee interaction region backgrounds are not expected to compromise the detector performance.
Numerical analysis of flows past two parallel flat plates in the free-molecular regime
Authors: Jin Xu-Hong , Huang Fei , Cheng Xiao-Li , Wang Qiang , Wang Bing
Published: June 2020

A numerical investigation is presented for a free-molecular flow past two parallel circular flat plates using the test particle Monte Carlo (TPMC) method, with flow shadowing and multiple reflections analyzed. Flow shadowing and multiple reflections have a significant effect on aerodynamic forces, and the distance-to-radius ratio of the two plates has a considerable influence on flow shadowing and multiple reflections. As the distance-to-radius ratio increases, flow shadowing and multiple reflections become weaker. Different distance-to-radius ratios result in different surface pressure distributions.
Effect of moisturized air on magnetoimpedance response of Fe-based ribbons
Authors: Yoosefi L. , Setoodeh V.
Published: June 2020

High sensitivity and response ratio of magnetoimpedance (MI) sensors have raised interest for using them in different environments for detection of weak magnetic fields of magnetic elements even though the high dependence of the MI response to the surface condition of the MI sensor has limited its application in some environments. In this study, we investigate the effects originating from the MI measurement in moisturized air. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, it is observed that the surface of an Fe-based MI sensor has become rough and granular after the presence of moisture on its surface. Results can be useful for developing MI sensors for use in different environmental conditions.
Characterizations of woven frames
Authors: Bhandari A. , Mukherjee S.
Published: June 2020

In a separable Hilbert space [Formula: see text], two frames [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are said to be woven if there are constants [Formula: see text] so that for every [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] forms a frame for [Formula: see text] with the universal bounds [Formula: see text]. This paper provides methods of constructing woven frames. In particular, bounded linear operators are used to create woven frames from a given frame. Several examples are discussed to validate the results. Moreover, the notion of woven frame sequences is introduced and characterized.
Adiabatic quantum estimation: A numerical study of the Heisenberg XX model with antisymmetric exchange
Authors: Shadehi L. Fathi , Jahromi H. Rangani , Ghanaatian M.
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we address the adiabatic technique for quantum estimation of the azimuthal orientation of a magnetic field. Exactly solving a model consisting of a two-qubit system, where one of which is driven by a static magnetic field while the other is coupled with the magnetic field rotating adiabatically, we obtain the analytical expression of the quantum Fisher information (QFI). We investigate how the two-qubit system can be used to probe the azimuthal direction of the field and analyze the roles of the intensities of the magnetic fields, Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction, spin–spin coupling coefficient, and the polar orientation of the rotating field on the precision of the estimation. In particular, it is illustrated that the QFI trapping or saturation may occur if the qubit is subjected to a strong rotating field. Moreover, we discuss how the azimuthal direction of the rotating field can be estimated using only the qubit not affected by that field and investigate the conditions under which this strategy is more efficient than use of the qubit locally interacting with the adiabatically rotating field. Interestingly, in the one-qubit scenario, it was found that when the rotating field is weak, the best estimation is achieved by subjecting the probe to a static magnetic field.
Silicon nanoparticles with iron impurities for multifunctional applications
Authors: Kargina Yu. V. , Zinovyev S. V. , Perepukhov A. M. , Suslova E. V. , Ischenko A. A. , Timoshenko V. Yu.
Published: June 2020

Crystalline silicon (Si) nanoparticles (NPs) doped with iron (Fe) in the range from 0.02 to 2.5 at.% were prepared by plasma-ablative synthesis and were investigated by means of the transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry. While the nanocrystal size in Si:Fe NPs did not depend significantly on Fe content, the hydrodynamic diameter of NPs in aqueous suspensions increases from 50 to 180[Formula: see text]nm. Both the transverse and longitudinal proton relaxation time were found to decrease in the prepared suspensions of Si:Fe NPs. Maximal shortening of the transverse relaxion was observed for Si:Fe NPs with 0.2 at.% of Fe and the relaxation rate was almost linearly proportional to the NP concentration. Both these findings and in vivo tests indicate that Si:Fe NPs are promising for biomedical applications in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and therapy of cancer.
C4C8(S) tori which are Cayley graphs
Authors: Liu Chunqi
Published: June 2020

A [Formula: see text] net is a trivalent decoration made by alternating square [Formula: see text] and octagons [Formula: see text]. It can cover either a cylinder or a tori. Cayley graph [Formula: see text] on a group [Formula: see text] with connection set [Formula: see text] has the elements of [Formula: see text] as its vertices and an edge joining [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Motivated by Afshari’s work, we show that the [Formula: see text] tori are Cayley graphs by constructing a regular subgroup of the automorphism group of [Formula: see text].
Extremely Low-Resource Text Simplification with Pre-trained Transformer Language Model
Authors: Maruyama Takumi , Yamamoto Kazuhide
Published: June 2020

Inspired by machine translation task, recent text simplification approaches regard a task as a monolingual text-to-text generation, and neural machine translation models have significantly improved the performance of simplification tasks. Although such models require a large-scale parallel corpus, such corpora for text simplification are very few in number and smaller in size compared to machine translation task. Therefore, we have attempted to facilitate the training of simplification rewritings using pre-training from a large-scale monolingual corpus such as Wikipedia articles. In addition, we propose a translation language model to seamlessly conduct a fine-tuning of text simplification from the pre-training of the language model. The experimental results show that the translation language model substantially outperforms a state-of-the-art model under a low-resource setting. In addition, a pre-trained translation language model with only 3000 supervised examples can achieve a performance comparable to that of the state-of-the-art model using 30,000 supervised examples.
Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Predictors of Disability in a Cohort of Jordanian Patients with the First Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Qawasmeh Majdi Al , Aldabbour Belal , Momani Aiman , Obiedat Deema , Alhayek Kefah , Kofahi Raid , Yassin Ahmed , El-Salem Khalid
Published: June 2020

Objective. To identify the risk factors, etiologies, length of stay, severity, and predictors of disability among patients with the first ischemic stroke in Jordan.Methods. A retrospective cohort study of 142 patients who were admitted to the Neurology Department at King Abdullah University Hospital between July/2017 and March/2018 with a first ischemic stroke. Etiology was classified according to the TOAST criteria. Severity was represented by NIHSS score, disability by mRS score, and prolonged length of stay as hospitalizations more than 75thpercentile of the cohort’s median length of stay. Analysis of the sample demographics and descriptive statistics were done, including frequencies of prevalence of independent variables (risk factors) and frequencies of stroke and etiology work-up. Chi-square and univariate analysis of variance “ANOVA” were used to investigate the relationship between risk factors and type of stroke. Finally, logistic regression analysis was used to measure the contribution of each of the independent variables. IRB approval was obtained as necessary.Results. The mean age for the cohort was 66.5 years. The most common risk factors were hypertension (78.8%), diabetes mellitus (60.5%), and ischemic heart disease (29.4%). The most common stroke etiology was small-vessel occlusion (54.2%). Median length of stay was 4 days. Prolonged length of stay was observed in 23.23% of patients, which was associated with several factors, the most common of which were persistent dysphagia (57.5%), nosocomial infection (39.3%), and combined dysphagia and nosocomial infection (21.2%). The mean admission NIHSS score was 7.94, and on discharge was 5.76. In-hospital mortality was 2.81%, while 50% of patients had a favorable outcome on discharge (mRS score between 0-2). The mean discharge mRS score for the cohort was 2.47 (SD±1.79). Large artery atherosclerosis was associated with the highest residual disability with a mean score of 3.67 (SD±1.88), while the stroke of undetermined etiology was associated with the lowest residual disability with a mean score of 1.60 (SD±1.78). Significant predictors of mRS score were smoking (t3.24,P<0.001), age (t1.98,P<0.049), and NIHSS score (t9.979,P0.000).Conclusion. Ischemic strokes have different etiologies that are associated with different levels of impact on the patient’s clinical status and prognosis. Large artery atherosclerosis was associated with the highest residual disability. Regarding predictors of prognosis, current smoking status, age above 50, gender, and NIHSS on admission appear to be the strongest predictors of prognosis. Finally, higher NIHSS score on admission resulted in a longer hospital stay.
Recursive Method in Modal Parameter Identification of Aerospace Structures under Non-Gaussian Noise
Authors: Yu Lei , Zhang Yong-li , Yuan Meng-di , Liu Rui-qing , Zhang Qi
Published: June 2020

Operational modal parameter identification is a tough problem in aerospace engineering due to the complex mechanics environment, various noises, and limited computational resources. In this paper, a novel, recursive, robust, and high-efficiency modal parameter identification approach is proposed for this issue. The kernelized time-dependent autoregressive moving average (TARMA) model is adopted to model the nonstationary responses, a recursive estimator is established based on the maximum correntropy criterion, and sliding-window technique is applied to fix the computational complexity, which ensures the approach its estimation accuracy, robustness, and high efficiency. Finally, steps of the identification procedure and model selection are presented. An experimental scheme is proposed for validation, and the proposed approach is comparatively assessed against the classical recursive pseudo-linear regression TARMA method via Monte Carole tests of a time-varying experimental system. The results of the comparative study demonstrate that the proposed method achieves similar estimation accuracy and higher computation efficiency under the Gaussian environment. Moreover, a superior estimation accuracy and enhanced robustness are rendered under additive non-Gaussian impulsive noise.
Effects of Simultaneously Performed Dual-Task Training with Aerobic Exercise and Working Memory Training on Cognitive Functions and Neural Systems in the Elderly
Authors: Takeuchi Hikaru , Magistro Daniele , Kotozaki Yuka , Motoki Kosuke , Nejad Keyvan Kashkouli , Nouchi Rui , Jeong Hyeonjeong , Sato Chiho , Sessa Salvatore , Nagatomi Ryoichi , Zecca Massimiliano , Takanishi Atsuo , Kawashima Ryuta
Published: June 2020

Working memory (WM) training (WMT), aerobic exercise training (AET), and dual-task training improve cognitive functions and alter neural systems in older adults. In particular, the effects have been investigated of dual-task training that combines a walking or standing activity (balance exercise) simultaneously performed with cognitive training (which is ecologically difficult for the elderly). In this study, we investigated the effects of simultaneously performed dual-task training incorporating both AET and WMT (SDAEWMT), using a recumbent ergocycle bicycle and a WMT program that provided a portable console and made the training ecologically easy for the elderly. Older adults (65.9±13.7 years old) participated in 3 months of SDAEWMT, WMT, or AET after random allocation, and the effects of SDAEWMT were compared with those of WMT and AET. Prior to and after training, all the subjects underwent cognitive testing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) involving diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and functional MRI during performance of an N-back WM task. SDAEWMT improved executive function (performance of a frontal assessment battery); however, there was no evidence of broader transfer effects or enhanced learning with WMT. SDAEWMT resulted in mean diffusivity changes in brain areas involving the dopaminergic system, suggesting that neural tissue changes occurred in these areas. SDAEWMT also resulted in an increase in brain activity during the 2-back working memory task in brain areas involved in attentional reorientation. These results suggest that SDAEWMT is effective for improving cognitive functions and inducing beneficial neural changes in older adults.
Abdominal Massage Reduces Visceral Hypersensitivity via Regulating GDNF and PI3K/AKT Signal Pathway in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Li Bo , Luo Xiong-Fei , Liu Si-Wen , Zhao Na , Li Hua-Nan , Zhang Wei , Chen Ying-Ying , Bao An , Wang Jin-Gui , Wang Qiang-Song
Published: June 2020

Changes in gut motility and visceral hypersensitivity are two major features of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Current drug treatments are often poorly efficacious, with many side effects for patients with IBS. Complementary therapies, such as acupuncture or abdominal massage, have received more attention in recent years. In this study, a rat model of IBS with diarrhea (IBS‐D) was established by instillation of acetic acid from the colon. The effects of abdominal massage on changes in gut motility, visceral hypersensitivity, and the possible mechanism were investigated. Continuous abdominal massage could decrease the stool consistency score and increase the efflux time of glass beads compared with model groups, while also decreasing mast cell counts in IBS‐D rats. The mRNA and protein expressions of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), choline acetyl transferase (CHAT), and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) were significantly upregulated by continuous abdominal massage compared with model groups. Continuous abdominal massage also improved the ultrastructure of enteric glial cells (EGCs) by decreasing the number of mitochondria and increasing the level of the heterochromatin. Meanwhile, continuous abdominal massage could upregulate the expression of glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and P‐Akt/Akt. Furthermore, it could reduce visceral hypersensitivity and improve the IBS‐D symptoms by regulating the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)‐Akt pathway, which would provide a novel method for the treatment of IBS‐D in the clinical setting.
Early Disseminated Lyme Carditis Inducing High-Degree Atrioventricular Block
Authors: Kerndt Connor C. , Bills John A. , Shareef Zaid J. , Balinski Alexander M. , Summers Daniel F. , Tan Jose M.
Published: June 2020

Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne illness in the United States due to Borrelia burgdorferi infection. This case demonstrates a 20-year-old male patient presenting with complaints of annular skin rash, malaise, fever, and lightheadedness after significant outdoor exposure. Physical exam revealed multiple large targetoid lesions on the back and extremities. The rash had raised borders and centralized clearing consistent with erythema migrans chronicum. Electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed a high-degree atrioventricular (AV) block. The patient was started on intravenous ceftriaxone due to clinical suspicion for Lyme carditis. ELISA and Western blot tests were reactive for Lyme IgM and IgG, confirming the diagnosis. The AV block resolved by hospital day four and the patient was discharged with outpatient follow-up. Early identification of disease allowed for effective treatment with no adverse outcomes or sequelae.
Expression Atlas of FGF and FGFR Genes in Pancancer Uncovered Predictive Biomarkers for Clinical Trials of Selective FGFR Inhibitors
Authors: Li Yuan , Wu Long , Tao Weiping , Wu Dawei , Ma Fei , Li Ning
Published: June 2020

Background. Clinical trials based on FGFR mutation or amplification as a druggable target of FGFR inhibitors have produced disappointing clinical outcomes. Therefore, the identification of predictive biomarkers for FGFR‐targeted agents has remained a crucial issue. Methods. Expression profiles of FGFs and FGFRs in 8,111 patients with 24 types of solid tumors and 879 tumor cell lines along with drug sensitivity data were obtained and followed by integrative bioinformatics analysis. Results. FGFs and FGFRs were frequently dysregulated in pancancer. Most of the expression of FGFs and FGFRs were significantly associated with overall survival in at least two cancer types. Moreover, tumor cell lines with high FGFR1/3 expression were more sensitive to FGFR inhibitor PD173074, especially in breast, liver, lung and ovarian cancer. The predicted positive ratios of FGFR1‐4 were generally over 10% in most tumor types, especially in squamous cell carcinoma. High positive FGFR1 or 3 expression ratios were predicted in cholangiocarcinoma (58%), followed by bladder cancer (42%), endometrial carcinoma (35%), and ovarian cancer (34%). Conclusions. FGFR expression was a promising predictive biomarker for FGFR inhibition response in clinical trials, and different combinations of FGFR genes should be used in screening for patients in certain tumor types.
Acute Psychosis in Withdrawal from Nicotine Vaping in a Young Man with Comorbid Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Cannabis Use
Authors: Rutledge Kyle J. , Plath Dianne L.
Published: June 2020

Electronic delivery of nicotine, also termed “vaping,” has a growing evidence base suggesting potential harm through both exposure and withdrawal effects. The current report presents the case of a young man with multiple medical comorbidities, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on an insulin pump and presumed Gilbert’s disease, and chronic cannabis use who experienced acute agitation with hallucinations in the context of quitting his vape pen “cold turkey” or abruptly discontinuing use without a nicotine replacement. While undergoing hospitalization for his complaint of nausea and vomiting in the context of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis and cannabis use, his psychotic symptoms became evident and continued until beginning a nicotine replacement patch. A few months later, the patient returned to the hospital again for nausea and vomiting in the context of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis and reported cannabis use, however this time without psychosis, and notably after resuming and continuing use of e-cigarette with nicotine replacement delivered on admission. This is the first reported case of acute psychosis related to abrupt vaping withdrawal and adds to the plethora of information regarding potential risks associated with electronic cigarette use.
Mathematical and Mechanical Analysis of the Effect of Detonator Location and Its Improvement in Bench Blasting
Authors: Gao Qidong , Leng Zhendong , Yang Ruipeng , Wang Yaqiong , Chen Ming , Sun Pengchang , Luo Sheng
Published: June 2020

The outcome of bench blasting significantly affects the downstream operations in mining. In bench blasting, the explosives charged in blastholes are generally cylindrically shaped and fired by the in-hole detonator. As the detonator determines the propagation of the detonation wave in the cylindrical charge, the effect of detonator location can never be ignored. In this paper, the mathematics and mechanics of the effect of detonator location was analyzed from the view of the distribution of explosion energy and blast stress field of a cylindrical charge. Then, a field blasting experiment and two numerical simulations were conducted to further display its effect on blasting outcomes. At last, the appearance of oversize boulders and rock toes in bench blasting was discussed, and an improved scheme of the detonator location was proposed to cope with these problems. Results indicate that the in-hole detonator has the capacity of adjusting the spatial distribution of explosion energy and blast stress field in the surrounding rock mass. The traditional recommendation of the bottom detonator is not always right. The optimized detonator location in bench blasting is available by properly combining the merits of traditional detonator locations. This study is of interest to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of mining.
Lifestyle as Risk Factor for Infectious Causes of Death in Young Dogs: A Retrospective Study in Southern Italy (2015–2017)
Authors: Cardillo Lorena , Piegari Giuseppe , Iovane Valentina , Viscardi Maurizio , Alfano Flora , Cerrone Anna , Pagnini Ugo , Montagnaro Serena , Galiero Giorgio , Pisanelli Giuseppe , Fusco Giovanna
Published: June 2020

Infectious diseases are a common cause of death in young dogs. Several factors are thought to predispose young dogs to microbiological infections. Identifying the cause of death is often a challenge, and broad diagnostic analysis is often needed. Here, we aimed to determine the infectious causes of death in young dogs aged up to 1 year, examining how it relates to age (under and over 6 months), lifestyle (owned versus ownerless), breed (purebred and crossbreed), and gender. A retrospective study was conducted in a 3-year period (2015–2017) on 138 dead dogs that had undergone necropsy and microbiological diagnostics. Enteritis and pneumonia were the most commonly observed lesions. Polymicrobism was more prevalent (62.3%) than single-agent infections and associated with a higher rate of generalised lesions. Ownerless dogs showed over a three-fold higher predisposition to viral coinfections than owned dogs. Above all, canine parvovirus was the most prevalent agent (77.5%), followed by canine coronavirus (31.1%) and canine adenovirus (23.9%); ownerless pups had a higher predisposition to these viruses.Escherichia coli(23.9%),Clostridium perfringenstype A (18.1%), andEnterococcusspp. (8.7%) were the most commonly identified bacteria, which mostly involved in coinfections. A lower prevalence of CDV andClostridium perfringenstype A was observed in puppies under 6 months of age. In conclusion, this study is the first comprehensive survey on a wide panel of microbiological agents related to necropsy lesions. It lays the groundwork for future studies attempting to understand the circulation of infectious agents in a determined area.