bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public relations: Theorizing the contestation of security technology
Authors: Monsees Linda
Published: September 2019

This article contributes to the emerging literature on publics within critical security studies. Its particular focus is on contestation in the context of diffuse security technology. Contemporary security practices are characterized by diffusion and dispersion. As a result, contestation of security technology is also dispersed and diffuse and requires an account of publics that is sensitive to this aspect. The article conceptualizes ‘multiple publics’ as a mode of fundamental contestation of established political institutions. In order to do so, it discusses previous approaches to sociotechnical controversies and material participation. As a result of this discussion, it becomes apparent that we need a concept of publics that does not reduce political contestation to a pre-existing set of institutions. I develop a notion of publicness that emphasizes the way in which publics are embedded in societal struggles. This is achieved by reading John Dewey as a theorist to whom contestation is a vital part of democracy. It becomes possible to understand contestation against diffuse security practices – such as surveillance – as forms of emerging publics, even though they might not feed back into governmental decisionmaking.
Language Matters: The Double-Edged Role of Linguistic Style Matching in Work Groups
Authors: Heuer Katharina , Müller-Frommeyer Lena C. , Kauffeld Simone
Published: September 2019

Linguistic style matching (LSM) refers to a similar linguistic style among conversation partners. We examine the effects of LSM on perceived team performance and perceived social support in real work groups. We propose that team tenure moderates the relationship between LSM and perceived performance such that LSM and performance are positively related for teams with low tenure and negatively related for teams with high levels of tenure. We also propose that LSM and perceived social support are positively related. To test the hypotheses, we videotaped and transcribed meetings of 160 researchers, nested in 26 teams, to assess the individual levels of LSM. We measured team performance and social support with questionnaire scales. In partial support of the hypotheses, multilevel models show a negative relationship between LSM and team performance and a positive relationship between LSM and social support. We discuss potential implications for team research and practitioners.
Nonprescription Medication Use in Hospice Patients
Authors: Baltz Alan P. , Gressler Laura E. , Costantino Ryan C. , McPherson Mary Lynn
Published: September 2019

Objective:

Patients admitted to hospice are more vulnerable to age-related physiologic changes, polypharmacy, and inappropriate medication use and monitoring. The objective of this study was to characterize the utilization of nonprescription medications in a hospice population.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study designed to characterize nonprescription or over-the-counter medication use in hospice patients. Data for this study were provided by Seasons Hospice & Palliative Care, a national hospice organization with licenses to operate in 19 states and collected from January 1 to December 31, 2016. The most frequently utilized nonprescription medications, therapeutic classes, and the frequency of patients with at least 1 claim within a therapeutic class were summarized.

Results:

The final study population included 62 639 orders representing 15 164 patients. The average age was 79.31 years with a standard deviation of 13.31 years. The average length of stay was 26.80 days with a standard deviation of 44.14 days. The top 5 most common medications were as follows: acetaminophen (25.15%), bisacodyl (21.69%), senna (8.35%), omeprazole (4.51%), and docusate (4.46%). Approximately 13 714 (29.67%) of patients were exposed to analgesics, 13 469 (29.14%) to laxatives, and 3535 (7.65%) to antacids or antigas medications.

Conclusion:

This study highlights numerous opportunities for improvement in the use of nonprescription medications among hospice patients. Reducing the use of nonprescription medications that are ineffective or produce unwanted side effects can contribute to improving the quality of care that patients receive.
Jurisdictional Guidance on DOAC Use—Will It Affect Practice? A Comparison of European, American, and Canadian Product Monographs
Authors: Lamb Darcy A. , Bungard Tammy J. , Lowerison Jennifer , Semchuk William M. , Thomson Peter , Brocklebank Cynthia , Bolt Jennifer
Published: September 2019

Objective: To identify clinically relevant areas of concordance and discordance between product monographs for 4 direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) approved by regulatory authorities in Europe, the United States, and Canada. Data Sources: For each DOAC (apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, rivaroxaban), manufacturer product monographs were retrieved from the European Medicines Database, US Food and Drug Administration, and Health Canada Drug Product Database. Data Extraction: Monographs for each DOAC were independently reviewed by 2 investigators to identify areas of concordance and discordance. Discordance existed if it was deemed that a potentially clinically relevant difference existed. A heat map summarizing the data was created to identify areas of complete concordance, partial concordance (concordance between 2 of 3 monographs), and complete discordance. Data Synthesis: The areas of concordance were indications for use, use in extremes of weight, and switching to/from the DOAC. Areas of discordance included the following: differing recommendations for use/dosing with renal dysfunction; contraindication or use with caution with drug interactions, pregnancy, and hepatic/renal dysfunction; and timing of DOAC with spinal/epidural anesthesia after a procedure or traumatic puncture. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Concordance was most evident for uncomplicated patients with atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism, whereas discordance emerged for those having characteristics/factors wherein clinicians may seek clarification within product monographs (eg, impaired renal/hepatic function, drug interactions). As such, clinicians must be familiar with product information within their country of practice. Conclusion: Variability between jurisdictions was evident, and variability of DOAC use is likely to increase with expanding worldwide uptake.
ISNT rule satisfaction in Korean non-glaucomatous subjects
Authors: Lee Yoon Pyo , Ro Jin Woo , Yi Kayoung , Choi Dong Gyu
Published: September 2019

Purpose:

To evaluate the efficacy of the ISNT rule in normal eyes of Koreans.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 890 subjects with fundus photographs and evaluated the presence of the cup and ISNT rule satisfaction. If the ISNT rule was violated, the quadrants in which the neuroretinal rim was thinnest and thickest, respectively, were evaluated.

Results:

Among 890 eyes, 84.7% showed the cup. The subjects without the cup were significantly younger and more hyperopic. Among 754 eyes with the cup, 53.5% showed ISNT rule satisfaction. In 351 eyes violating the ISNT rule, the most common quadrant showing the thickest neuroretinal rim was the inferior (65.5%), and the thinnest, the temporal (98.3%).

Conclusion:

The cup was absent in 15% of the assessed eyes. Only about half of eyes with the cup showed ISNT rule satisfaction. Even in eyes violating ISNT rule, the inferior was the most common quadrant with the thickest neuroretinal rim and the temporal, the thinnest.
Unilateral spontaneous filtering bleb dissecting into the cornea in a patient with high myopia
Authors: Sanjuán Pablo , Salvador-Culla Borja , Canut Maria Isabel , Barraquer Rafael I
Published: September 2019

Purpose:

To report a case of a unilateral spontaneous filtering bleb dissecting into the cornea in a patient with high myopia.

Clinical case:

A 33-year-old woman with high myopia (–18 D) presented with discomfort in the left eye. Ocular history included pars plana vitrectomy and cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in the left eye. Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.65 and intraocular pressure was 20 mmHg. Slit-lamp examination showed a filtering bleb in the upper-temporal quadrant, which extended and dissected the proximal cornea without affecting the visual axis. The morphology and content of the bleb was studied with anterior segment optical coherence tomography, which ruled out a corneal-scleral fistulization into the subconjunctival space. The spontaneous filtering bleb was resected surgically. Due to her high myopia, two strips of fascia lata were used to strengthen the area. In the postoperative period, a complete resection of the bleb was confirmed, without apparent leaking points and with a well-vascularized conjunctiva. No complications were noted. The patient maintained the same best-corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure than before surgery.

Conclusion:

The formation of a spontaneous filtering bleb is a rare entity in patients with high myopia, whose risk increases due to their thinned sclerae. The risk is even greater if they have undergone ocular surgeries. Resection of the filtering bleb in our case halted the progression of the corneal dissection, therefore respecting the transparency of the visual axis and preserving visual acuity.
Bone-Targeted Agents in Breast Cancer: Do We Now Have All the Answers?
Authors: Ottewell Penny , Wilson Caroline
Published: September 2019

The bone-targeted agents (BTAs), bisphosphonates and denosumab, have an established role in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer bone disease and the prevention of cancer-treatment-induced bone loss. Evidence in support of their ability to improve survival in early breast cancer now indicates that the bisphosphonates are effective in postmenopausal women (naturally or chemically induced), but denosumab does not have similar benefits when added to standard adjuvant therapy. In postmenopausal women with early breast cancer, the choice of BTA may differ depending on the indication for treatment; for fracture prevention in low disease recurrence risk patients, denosumab may be favoured (in comparison with placebo) to maintain bone health, and when disease recurrence prevention is a priority in higher risk patients, bisphosphonates may be favoured. The reason for the lack of efficacy of BTAs in premenopausal/perimenopausal patients still remains unanswered and will need preclinical research to evaluate novel treatment combinations with BTAs in this patient group. This review covers the past, present, and future indications for BTAs in both metastatic and early breast cancer.
The Alliance for Progress, modernization theory, and the history of management education: The case of CEPAL in Brazil
Authors: Wanderley Sergio , Barros Amon
Published: September 2019

We investigate the case of the Economic Commission for Latin America in Brazil to discuss how modernization theory was mobilized to influence management education. The theories formulated by the Economic Commission for Latin America formed the basis of the courses it offered on development administration and management and the public administration schools it helped create. The theories from the Economic Commission for Latin America were contrary to US interests and to the modernization theory tenets developed by US scholars. The Alliance for Progress, launched in 1961 by US President J.F. Kennedy, was a project informed by modernization theory aimed to foster development in Latin America, and to contain the spread of Communism after the Cuban Revolution. The Alliance for Progress mobilized a network of US-controlled institutions that invested in management education and in an interpretation of development administration and management based on modernization theory that confronted the Economic Commission for Latin America. We make use of Burke’s Pentad to articulate the interactions among (asymmetrical) players at different levels of analysis and along the historical period investigated. We treat science as literature, and we present our analysis in a dramatistic narrative to promote reflexive management learning. We show that US-led investment in management education increased considerably after the launch of the Alliance for Progress, and that it lasted throughout the 1960s.
Developing historical consciousness in management learners
Authors: Tennent Kevin D , Gillett Alex G , Foster William M
Published: September 2019

This article argues and advocates strategies for the development of historical consciousness to stimulate both first- and second-order critical reflexivity in management students with the goal of creating critical management learners. The historic turn in management and organizational studies has demonstrated that history is not the same as the past. This understanding has had implications for many areas of investigation but has not been felt as significantly as it might be in management learning and education. To make our argument, we discuss how archives can be used to stimulate the process of historical consciousness in management learners and we provide an illustrative example of how this can be done, together with a checklist to aid instructors in facilitating student use of archival material.
A Patchwork of Intra-Schengen Policing: Border Games over National Identity and National Sovereignty
Authors: Van der Woude Maartje
Published: September 2019

By focusing on these “article 23 SBC checks”, this article will argue that the Schengen Agreement and the Schengen Border Code are—and always have been—incomplete policy responses to the tension that was felt from the very beginning of “Schengen” between (national) security and freedom of movement. In fact, by drawing from the work of Wonders on the flexibilization of state power which interlinks with Mofette’s and Valverde’s work on jurisdiction and interlegality as well as with the ideas around conscious incompleteness of agreements and regulation, the article will argue that member states as well as enforcement agencies have been consciously using the interplay between the normative regime on the European level and the normative regime and implementation and execution thereof on the national and local level.
Border disorder: On urban boundary work and crime in the divided city
Authors: Aharon-Gutman Meirav
Published: September 2019

This article offers exploration of one spatial aspect of crime in the divided city: the disproportionate concentration of crime events along Jerusalem’s former socio-historical border (known as ‘Green Line’) that is clearly reflected in a spatial analysis of crime. Offering insight into this phenomenon, an ethnographic investigation reveals the manner in which neighbourhood residents cope with crime by blocking entry to it from the east, thereby reinforcing and reproducing already existing urban divisions. This second, qualitative layer of research enables us to follow urban boundary work in action, which is important, as focusing on boundary work (as opposed to borders) offers insight not only into divided cities as fact but into the mechanisms, logic and culture that reproduce and reshape their urban divisions. In contrast to hegemonic analyses that highlight the importance of macro-politics in shaping the lines that divide the divided city, this article considers crime, and the way residents struggle against it from below, as a central mechanism that reinforces and reproduces the divisions of the divided city.
Grappling with injustice: Corporate crime, multinational business and interrogation of law in context
Authors: Haines Fiona , Macdonald Kate
Published: September 2019

This article interrogates criminological ambivalence towards law as both essential in the control of corporate crime and as an enabler of corporate harm. It argues we can make sense of such tensions by seeing law—in its plurality of soft and hard forms—as constituent elements within multiple fields of struggle, in which laws operate as tools wielded to influence contested rules, and as rules governing regulatory struggles. This argument is developed by bringing criminological analyses of the law’s role in business facilitation and regulatory enforcement together with sociological analyses of ‘fields of struggle’. The value of this approach in illuminating law’s ambiguous role in relation to corporate harm is illustrated through two cases of multinational business activity in Indonesia.
Active vibration control of plate by active mass damper and negative acceleration feedback control algorithms
Authors: Shin Ji-Hwan , Han Sangbo , Kwak Moon K
Published: September 2019

In this study, an active mass damper that could track desired displacement was considered as a controller to suppress vibrations of a plate. Multi-input multi-output modal-space negative acceleration feedback control algorithm and decentralized multi-input multi-output negative acceleration feedback control algorithm were proposed and their stability conditions were checked theoretically. Stability conditions for both controllers are static, and they can effectively increase the damping of target mode without causing instability in low-frequency region. It was proved theoretically that both the multi-input multi-output modal-space negative acceleration feedback control and the decentralized multi-input multi-output negative acceleration feedback control can suppress vibrations of a continuous system such as a plate.
Stage financing and syndication in the IPO underpricing of venture-backed firms: Venture capital and IPO underpricing
Authors: Honorine Awounou-N’dri , Emmanuelle Dubocage
Published: September 2019

The article investigates the impact of stage financing and syndication practices on the underpricing level of venture-backed firms (VBFs) undertaking their initial public offerings (IPOs). This empirical study uses a unique hand-collected data set concerning more than 260 VBFs that went public on Euronext Paris and Alternext between 1997 and 2013. Our findings suggest a lower level of underpricing for firms backed by syndicated venture capital investment. Additionally, we find that the syndicate size is negatively associated with the level of underpricing. However, there is no evidence that stage financing has a significant impact. Syndication thus appears to be the only relevant mechanism to improve IPO performance (measured by the underpricing level), as it reduces agency costs and information asymmetry between the different stakeholders in an IPO process.
How markets are made: Race, democracy and transnationalism in neoliberal thought
Authors: Cornelissen Lars
Published: September 2019

As offshoots of and reactions to neoliberalism continue to dominate our political imaginary, the scholarly critique of neoliberal thought remains urgent and timely. This article engages with two recent intellectual histories of neoliberalism, Thomas Biebricher’s The Political Theory of Neoliberalism and Quinn Slobodian’s Globalists, both of which serve to re-centre debates surrounding the composition and career of neoliberal thinking. Dealing, respectively, with the most basic theoretical architecture of neoliberalism and neoliberals’ response to the end of Empire, both studies make key contributions to our critical appraisal of the neoliberal present. It will be argued, however, that these books are best read together, as each goes some way towards addressing the other’s analytical limits.
Frequentist and Bayesian approaches to data analysis: Evaluation and estimation
Authors: Pek Jolynn , Van Zandt Trisha
Published: September 2019

Statistical thinking is essential to understanding the nature of scientific results as a consumer. Statistical thinking also facilitates thinking like a scientist. Instead of emphasizing a “correct” procedure for data analysis and its outcome, statistical thinking focuses on the process of data analysis. This article reviews frequentist and Bayesian approaches such that teachers can promote less well-known statistical perspectives to encourage statistical thinking. Within the frequentist and Bayesian approaches, we highlight important distinctions between statistical evaluation versus estimation using an example on the facial feedback hypothesis. We first introduce some elementary statistical concepts, which are then illustrated with simulated data. Finally, we demonstrate how these approaches are applied to empirical data obtained from a Registered Replication Report. Data and R code for the example are provided as supplementary teaching material. We conclude with a discussion of key learning outcomes centred on promoting statistical thinking.
Algorithmic justice: Algorithms and big data in criminal justice settings
Authors: Završnik Aleš
Published: September 2019

The article focuses on big data, algorithmic analytics and machine learning in criminal justice settings, where mathematics is offering a new language for understanding and responding to crime. It shows how these new tools are blurring contemporary regulatory boundaries, undercutting the safeguards built into regulatory regimes, and abolishing subjectivity and case-specific narratives. After presenting the context for ‘algorithmic justice’ and existing research, the article shows how specific uses of big data and algorithms change knowledge production regarding crime. It then examines how a specific understanding of crime and acting upon such knowledge violates established criminal procedure rules. It concludes with a discussion of the socio-political context of algorithmic justice.
The Roles of HK2 on Tumorigenesis of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Liu Chunyan , Wang Xiuli , Zhang Youzhong
Published: September 2019

Cancer cells undergo metabolic changes that support their malignant growth. These changes are often associated with increased expression of the rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2. Hexokinase 2 is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. In this study, we utilized Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database analysis and clinical sample analysis to find that hexokinase 2 was highly expressed in cervical cancer. Furthermore, we found that high hexokinase 2 expression in cervical cancer demonstrated a positive correlation with tumor size ( P = .009696), pathological grade ( P = .028551), and prognosis ( P = .00069) but not with age ( P = .956201) or lymph node metastasis ( P = .131379). At the cellular level, we knocked down the expression of hexokinase 2 in the human cervical cancer cell line SiHa. The results demonstrated that knockdown of hexokinase 2 inhibited the proliferation and migration of SiHa cells and promoted cell apoptosis. During this process, knockdown of hexokinase 2 inhibited phosphorylation of AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin and promoted p53 expression. At the same time, overexpression of human papillomavirus 18 oncogenes E6 and E7 significantly promoted the expression of hexokinase 2. Most importantly, we discovered a novel upstream regulatory microRNA for hexokinase 2: miR-9-5p. Luciferase reporter assays and Western blot assays demonstrated that hexokinase 2 expression was inhibited by miR-9-5p by directly binding its 3′-untranslated region in SiHa cells. Next, we determined that miR-9-5p could suppress the proliferation and migration of SiHa cells and induce apoptosis. In conclusion, we found that hexokinase 2 serves a carcinogenic role in cervical cancer through the miR-9-5p/hexokinase 2/AKT pathway, which serves as the basis for potential therapeutic targets and prognostic indicators.
Therapeutic Effect of Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy Using CyberKnife for High Volume Cavernous Sinus Cavernous Hemangiomas
Authors: Huang Lichao , Sun Lu , Wang Weijun , Cui Zhiqiang , Zhang Zizhong , Li Jiwei , Wang Yao , Wang Jinyuan , Yu Xinguang , Ling Zhipei , Qu Baolin , Pan Long Sheng
Published: September 2019

Objective:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy using CyberKnife for high volume cavernous sinus cavernous hemangiomas.

Materials and Methods:

We collected data from 12 patients with high volume cavernous sinus cavernous hemangiomas treated with hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy using CyberKnife in our institute, including 2 men and 10 women/female child, aged 4 to 60 years. Initial tumor volumes ranged from 11.8 to 96.6 cm3 with a median of 24.3 cm3. Irradiation doses were 19.5 Gy with 3 fractions in 2 patients, 21 Gy with 3 fractions in 8 patients, 25 Gy with 5 fractions in 1 patient, and 30 Gy with 3 fractions in 1 patient. We used 109 to 155 beams during treatment, and target volumes reached over 95% of the prescribed dose. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 54 months. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the CyberKnife system based on changes in the diagnostic images and involved cranial nerves or symptoms.

Results:

Of the 12 patients, 11 were followed for 3 to 54 months with a mean follow-up of 16.3 months; 1 patient was lost to in-person follow-up. Lesion volumes in the followed 11 patients were calculated after fractionated radiotherapy. All tumor volumes decreased (28.6%-94.1%) and symptoms improved (including blurred vision, visual field defects, diplopia, headaches, and facial numbness) after therapy. Postoperative magnetic resonance images revealed a tumor volume range of 2.8 to 41.0 cm3 (median, 6.5 cm3), significantly lower compared with the pretreatment range of 11.8 to 70.1 cm3 (median, 24.3 cm3; T = 0.00, P = .003 < .05). A single patient experienced radiotherapy-related cerebral edema, which resolved after 5 days of mannitol and dexamethasone.

Conclusions:

Based on the current results, though preliminary, hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy using CyberKnife is an effective and safe alternative for high volume cavernous sinus cavernous hemangiomas and is the recommended primary treatment in high-risk patients with this condition.
Delay of Treatment, After Diagnosis, as a Contributor to the “Treatment Gap” in Epilepsy
Authors: Hogan R. Edward
Published: September 2019

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Relationships between elite adolescent athletes' perceptions of parental behaviors and their motivational processes: Does sex matter?
Authors: Lienhart Noémie , Nicaise Virginie , Martinent Guillaume , Guillet-Descas Emma , Bois Julien
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to: (a) examine the relationships between high-level athletes' perceptions of mothers' and fathers' behaviors, their satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and sport motivation and (b) explore whether the sex of the athlete moderated the aforementioned relationships. A total of 333 adolescent athletes involved in intensive training settings completed the Parental Involvement in Sport Questionnaire (PISQ), the Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ) and the Basic Need Satisfaction in Sporting Context Scale (BNSSS). Data were examined using correlational analyses and partial least square path modeling (PLS-PM). The PLS-PM revealed that father's perceived pressure positively predicted maladaptive outcomes (controlled forms of motivation and amotivation). Perceptions of the mothers' and fathers' praise and understanding positively predicted adaptive athletes' outcomes (self-determined forms of motivation and satisfaction of competence and relatedness), whereas the mothers' and fathers' perceived pressure negatively predicted such adaptive outcomes. Furthermore, differences regarding the aforementioned relationships between mother's and father's behaviors and athletes' outcomes were highlighted across their sex. More significant relationships emerged for boys versus girls and between athletes' outcomes and the perceived behaviors of the same-sex parents. In particular, the direction of relationships between introjected regulation and two parental behaviors (i.e. perception of father's directive behaviors and perception of mother's pressure) was reversed for boys and girls. As a whole, this study highlighted that both parent's and child's sex should be evaluated to understand sport parenting.
Children and young people’s experiences and perceptions of self-management of type 1 diabetes: A qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Tuohy Ella , Rawdon Caroline , Gallagher Pamela , Glacken Michele , Murphy Nuala , Swallow Veronica , Lambert Veronica
Published: September 2019

The aim of this review was to conduct a meta-synthesis of the experiences and perceptions of self-management of type 1 diabetes of children and young people living with type 1 diabetes (CYPDs). Six databases were systematically searched for studies with qualitative findings relevant to CYPDs’ (aged 8–18 years) experiences of self-management. A thematic synthesis approach was used to combine articles and identify analytical themes. Forty articles met the inclusion criteria. Two analytical themes important to CYPDs’ experiences and perceptions of self-management were identified: (1) negotiating independence and (2) feeling in control. The synthesis contributes to knowledge on contextual factors underpinning self-management and what facilitates or impedes transition towards autonomous self-management for CYPDs.
The p Factor and the n Factor: Associations Between the General Factors of Psychopathology and Neuroticism in Children
Authors: Brandes Cassandra M. , Herzhoff Kathrin , Smack Avanté J. , Tackett Jennifer L.
Published: September 2019

Research across age groups has consistently indicated that psychopathology has a general factor structure such that a broad latent dimension (or p factor) captures variance common to all mental disorders as well as specific internalizing and externalizing factors. This research has found that the p factor overlaps substantially with trait negative emotionality (or neuroticism). However, less is known about the psychological substance of the specific factors of the general psychopathology model or how lower-order facets of neuroticism may relate to each psychopathology factor. We investigated the structure of neuroticism and psychopathology as well as associations between these domains using multimethod assessments in a sample of 695 preadolescent children. We found that both psychopathology and neuroticism may be well characterized by bifactor models and that there was substantial overlap between psychopathology (p) and neuroticism (n) general factors as well as between specific factors (Internalizing with Fear, Externalizing with Irritability).
Complexity as a Driver of Media Choice: A Comparative Study of Domestic and International Teams
Authors: Bjorvatn Torbjørn , Wald Andreas
Published: September 2019

International dispersed (virtual) teams are becoming increasingly prevalent in complex international business environments, and their ability to handle internal communication is critical to their performance. Modern information and communication technology offer a variety of media to support team communication. Nonetheless, research is trailing behind practice and offers no established framework to explain media use in contemporary teams. Here, we seek to address this void. In a comparative study of domestic and international teams’ choice of media, we extend media-richness theory by focusing on the construct of complexity. Using structural equation modelling and multigroup analysis to assess a multinational sample of 285 project teams, we find partial support for media-richness theory and demonstrate the specific relevance of this theory to the study of communication in international teams. Complexity affects international teams more strongly than domestic teams, prompting international teams to intensify their use of rich and semirich communication media to an extent not observed in domestic teams.
From Strategic Planning to Strategic Agility Patterns
Authors: Prange Christiane , Hennig Alicia
Published: September 2019

In the past, linear extrapolations of strategic plans offered promising guides to the future. Managers tried to categorize well-known problems into boxes with strategy labels, the top of a firm’s agenda was steering clear of potential potholes, and there was a choice between clear-cut future options. These strategies no longer work today, and just repeating what we have been done before is not a convincing recipe. The world has become different with multiple and often fuzzy options. In this article, we suggest that companies in different industries have to become more agile. Naturally, agility is not easy to implement as managers fear chaos and confusion. Thus, we introduce agility patterns with different degrees of change. For instance, high-reliability organizations, such as transportation or nuclear energy, are supposed to engage more in gradual change and stick closer to planning. However, we argue that even these companies have to become agile, albeit on a different level. In contrast, companies that exhibit lower system relevance, such as advertising or arts, may strive for agility that involves transformational elements; they can engage in experimentation and play and are more likely to accept inherent chaos in their change strategy. We use the notion of agility patterns for these different degrees of change and show how they help to mitigate the risks that come from either inertia (as a result of linear planning) or experiential chaos (as a result of full agile transformation). Depending on the industry and the degree of change, we distinguish between resilient, versatile and transformational agility patterns. We illustrate each category with examples and highlight how agility patterns can be applied to create value.
New approaches to molecular monitoring in CML (and other diseases)
Authors: Radich Jerald , Yeung Cecilia , Wu David
Published: September 2019

In a review article, the authors discuss the present and future of molecular testing in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as a paradigm of the evolution of technologies assisting in better diagnosis, risk stratification, and response monitoring of leukemia and other cancers.
Active labour market policy use in Luxembourg: evidence from a firm survey
Authors: Efstathiou Konstantinos , Mathä Thomas Y. , Veiga Cindy , Wintr Ladislav
Published: September 2019

We analyse the use of active labour market policy (ALMP) measures by Luxembourg firms during the years of economic and financial crisis (2008–2009) and the subsequent European sovereign debt crisis (2010–2013). About 34% of Luxembourg firms used ALMPs between 2008 and 2013. Economy-wide, the use of ALMPs increased along both the extensive margin (more firms) and the intensive margin (more measures per firm). The likelihood that a firm hired with ALMPs is greater for firms that are large, multi-establishment, domestically oriented and firms facing strong demand and competition, with concerns about labour cost pressures.
Virulence structure and its genetic diversity analyses of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolates in China
Authors: Wu Xian Xin , Xu Xiao Feng , Ma De Xin , Chen Rong Zhen , Li Tian Ya , Cao Yuan Yin
Published: September 2019

Background

Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), the causal agent of wheat powdery mildew severely affects yield security wheat production in China. Understanding the virulence structure and genetic variations of this pathogen is important for breeding wheat lines resistant to wheat powdery mildew. However, information related to genes controlling resistance remains elusive. This study analyzes the virulence structure and the genetic diversity of pathogenic Bgt populations isolated from northeastern (Liaoning, Heilongjiang) and northwestern (Gansu) China, two representative wheat producing areas, on 37 wheat cultivars each carrying a known powdery mildew resistance (Pm) gene.

Results

Bgt isolates from northeastern China show higher frequencies of virulence genes than populations from Gansu Province. Many of the known Pm genes failed to provide resistance in this study. However, Pm21 provided 100% resistance to all isolates from all three provinces, obtained during two consecutive years, while Pm13 provided 100% resistance in Gansu. Pm13, Pm16, Pm18, and Pm22 also showed partial resistance in northeastern China, while Pm16, Pm18, Pm22, Pm5 + 6 and Pm2 + 6 +? maintained some resistance in Gansu. Genetic diversity among populations in different regions was detected by cluster analyses using expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR). When the genetic similarity coefficient is relatively high, populations from the same regional origin are mostly clustered into one group while populations from different regions exhibit large genetic differences.

Conclusion

Pm21 remains the best choice for breeding programs to maintain resistance to Bgt. Only 58% of the isolates tested show a clear correlation between EST-SSR genetic polymorphisms and frequency of virulence gene data.
High-throughput sequencing of circRNAs reveals novel insights into mechanisms of nigericin in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Xu Zhihua , Shen Jiaqing , Hua Shangbo , Wan Daiwei , Chen Qian , Han Ye , Ren Rui , Liu Fei , Du Zhiyong , Guo Xiaobo , Shi Jianming , Zhi Qiaoming
Published: September 2019

Background

Our previous study had proved that nigericin could reduce colorectal cancer cell proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manners by targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. To better elucidate its potential anti-cancer mechanism, two pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines were exposed to increasing concentrations of nigericin for different time periods, and the high-throughput sequencing was performed to explore the circRNA expression profiles after nigericin exposure on pancreatic cancer (PC) cells.

Results

In this study, a total of 183 common differentially expressed circRNAs were identified, and the reliability and validity of the sequencing data were verified by the PCR analysis. According to the parental genes of circRNAs, the GO analysis was performed to predict the most enriched terms in the biological process, cellular components and molecular functions. The KEGG analysis and pathway-pathway network exhibited the potential signal pathways and their regulatory relationships. Meanwhile, a potential competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism through a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was applied to annotate potential functions of these common differentially expressed circRNAs, and these predicted miRNAs or mRNAs might be involved in nigericin damage.

Conclusions

By the bioinformatics method, our data will facilitate the understanding of nigericin in PC cells, and provide new insight into the molecular mechanism of nigericin toward cancer cells. This is the first report that discusses the potential functions of nigericin in cancers through the bioinformatics method. Our data will facilitate the understanding of nigericin-mediated anti-cancer mechanisms in PC.
Identification of novel cerebellar developmental transcriptional regulators with motif activity analysis
Authors:   The FANTOM Consortium, Ha Thomas J. , Zhang Peter G. Y. , Robert Remi , Yeung Joanna , Swanson Douglas J. , Mathelier Anthony , Wasserman Wyeth W. , Im Sujin , Itoh Masayoshi , Kawaji Hideya , Lassmann Timo , Daub Carsten O. , Arner Erik , Carninci Piero , Hayashizaki Yoshihide , Forrest Alistair R. R. , Goldowitz Daniel
Published: September 2019

Background

The work of the FANTOM5 Consortium has brought forth a new level of understanding of the regulation of gene transcription and the cellular processes involved in creating diversity of cell types. In this study, we extended the analysis of the FANTOM5 Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) transcriptome data to focus on understanding the genetic regulators involved in mouse cerebellar development.

Results

We used the HeliScopeCAGE library sequencing on cerebellar samples over 8 embryonic and 4 early postnatal times. This study showcases temporal expression pattern changes during cerebellar development. Through a bioinformatics analysis that focused on transcription factors, their promoters and binding sites, we identified genes that appear as strong candidates for involvement in cerebellar development. We selected several candidate transcriptional regulators for validation experiments including qRT-PCR and shRNA transcript knockdown. We observed marked and reproducible developmental defects in Atf4, Rfx3, and Scrt2 knockdown embryos, which support the role of these genes in cerebellar development.

Conclusions

The successful identification of these novel gene regulators in cerebellar development demonstrates that the FANTOM5 cerebellum time series is a high-quality transcriptome database for functional investigation of gene regulatory networks in cerebellar development.
Reaffirmation of known major genes and the identification of novel candidate genes associated with carcass-related metrics based on whole genome sequence within a large multi-breed cattle population
Authors: Purfield D. C. , Evans R. D. , Berry D. P.
Published: September 2019

Background

The high narrow sense heritability of carcass traits suggests that the underlying additive genetic potential of an individual should be strongly correlated with both animal carcass quality and quantity, and therefore, by extension, carcass value. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to detect genomic regions associated with three carcass traits, namely carcass weight, conformation and fat cover, using imputed whole genome sequence in 28,470 dairy and beef sires from six breeds with a total of 2,199,926 phenotyped progeny.

Results

Major genes previously associated with carcass performance were identified, as well as several putative novel candidate genes that likely operate both within and across breeds. The role of MSTN in carcass performance was re-affirmed with the segregating Q204X mutation explaining 1.21, 1.11 and 5.95% of the genetic variance in carcass weight, fat and conformation, respectively in the Charolais population. In addition, a genomic region on BTA6 encompassing the NCAPG/LCORL locus, which is a known candidate locus associated with body size, was associated with carcass weight in Angus, Charolais and Limousin. Novel candidate genes identified included ZFAT in Angus, and SLC40A1 and the olfactory gene cluster on BTA15 in Charolais. Although the majority of associations were breed specific, associations that operated across breeds included SORCS1 on BTA26, MCTP2 on BTA21 and ARL15 on BTA20; these are of particular interest due to their potential informativeness in across-breed genomic evaluations. Genomic regions affecting all three carcass traits were identified in each of the breeds, although these were mainly concentrated on BTA2 and BTA6, surrounding MSTN and NCAPG/LCORL, respectively. This suggests that although major genes may be associated with all three carcass traits, the majority of genes containing significant variants (unadjusted p-value < 10− 4) may be trait specific associations of small effect.

Conclusions

Although plausible novel candidate genes were identified, the proportion of variance explained by these candidates was minimal thus reaffirming that while carcass performance may be affected by major genes in the form of MSTN and NCAPG/LCORL, the majority of variance is attributed to the additive (and possibly multiplicative) effect of many polymorphisms of small effect.
Simple propagation method for resident macrophages by co-culture and subculture, and their isolation from various organs
Authors: Ogawa Kazushige , Tsurutani Mayu , Hashimoto Aya , Soeda Miharu
Published: September 2019

Background

Resident macrophages (Mø) originating from yolk sac Mø and/or foetal monocytes colonise tissues/organs during embryonic development. They persist into adulthood by self-renewal at a steady state, independent of adult monocyte inputs, except for those in the intestines and dermis. Thus, many resident Mø can be propagated in vitro under optimal conditions; however, there are no specific in vitro culture methods available for the propagation of resident Mø from diverse tissues/organs.

Results

We provided a simple method for propagating resident Mø derived from the liver, spleen, lung, and brain of ICR male mice by co-culture and subculture along with the propagation of other stromal cells of the respective organs in standard culture media and successfully demonstrated the propagation of resident Mø colonising these organs. We also proposed a simple method for segregating Mø from stromal cells according to their adhesive property on bacteriological Petri dishes, which enabled the collection of more than 97.6% of the resident Mø from each organ. Expression analyses of conventional Mø markers by flow cytometry showed similar expression patterns among the Mø collected from the organs.

Conclusion

This is the first study to clearly provide a practical Mø propagation method applicable to resident Mø of diverse tissues and organs. Thus, this novel practical Mø propagation method can offer broad applications for the use of resident Mø of diverse tissues and organs.
Analgesic treatment limits surrogate parameters for early stress and pain response after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Staib-Lasarzik Irina , Nagel Nadine , Sebastiani Anne , Griemert Eva-Verena , Thal Serge C.
Published: September 2019

Background

In animal research, authorities require a classification of anticipated pain levels and a perioperative analgesia protocol prior to approval of the experiments. However, data on this topic is rare and so is the reported use of analgesics. We determined surrogate parameters of pain and general well-being after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), as well as the potential for improvement by different systemic analgesia paradigms. Brain injury was induced by filament perforation to mimic SAH. Sham-operated mice were included as surgical control groups with either neck or no-neck preparation. Mice with controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury were included as a control group with traumatic brain injury (TBI), but without neck preparation. Mice were randomized to buprenorphine, carprofen, meloxicam, or vehicle treatment. 24 h after SAH, CCI or sham surgery, pain and stress levels were assessed with a visual assessment score and the amount of food intake was recorded.

Results

Neck preparation, which is required to expose the surgical field for SAH induction, already increased pain/stress levels and sham surgeries for both CCI and SAH reduced food intake. Pain/stress levels were higher and food intake was lower after SAH compared with CCI. Pain/stress levels after CCI without analgesic treatment were similar to levels after SAH sham surgery. Pain treatment with buprenorphine was effective to reduce pain after SAH, whereas lower pain/stress intensity levels after CCI were not improved.

Conclusion

This study emphasizes the importance of pain and stress assessment after surgeries and the efficacy of buprenorphine to improve pain and comfort levels after experimental SAH.