bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Printing‐guided endovascular repair of enormous twisted thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm with branch stenosis and occlusion
Authors: Li Wen‐Dong , Keyoumu Reyaguli , Wang Chao , Liu Zhao
Published: February 2023

A 67‐year‐old male patient was admitted with an enormous twisted thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) with multiple branch arteries stenosis and occlusion. Three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology combined with mechanics was used for developing a transparent model of lesion to simulate the segment of diseased aorta. A stent graft was deployed in the 3D model to make a physician‐modified stent graft (PMSGs) on table. The locations of the opening of branches were marked twice during operation. The PMSG was successfully deployed during the surgery and repaired the TAAA, with no endoleak and all the branched arteries patency in follow‐up. This technique could offer precision individualized therapy and could simplify the procedure process greatly.
Evaluation of the Dry Deposition of Particles Emitted by Biomass Combustion
Authors: Costa Maria Angélica Martins , Sampaio de Mello Bruna , dos Santos Olimpio Dias Airton , Donato Gabriela , Dussan Kelly Johana , Sarti Arnaldo
Published: February 2023

The dry deposition flux of particles smaller than 2.5 µm was investigated considering agricultural and urban regions. The concentrations, size distributions, and chemical characterization of particulate matter (PM) were evaluated and related to emission sources. The concentrations of fine PM were associated to the highest number of wildfire outbreaks. The results of the PM samples combined with the analyses of the air mass trajectories evidenced that the transport of this pollutant may have come from regions with industries that use biomass as fuel. The predominant water‐soluble ions in coarse and fine particulate were nitrate, potassium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulfate, and nitrate, respectively. The deposition fluxes of potassium, nitrate, and sulfate ions were higher during the sugarcane harvest than during the off‐season.
Solid‐Phase Extraction of the Aromatic By‐Products Obtained by Fast Pyrolysis of Pretreated Lignocellulose
Authors: Meile Kristine , Jermolajeva Anastasija , Volkova Evita , Zhurinsh Aivars
Published: February 2023

Pyrolysis is a recognized technology for lignocellulose conversion into bio‐based fuels, materials, and chemicals. In this work, pyrolysis liquids were obtained by fast pyrolysis of wood after pretreatment with diluted sulfuric acid. The pyrolysis liquids were separated by solid‐phase extraction with an anion exchange resin Lewatit VPOC 1074 as the stationary phase. The aromatic constituents of the pyrolysis liquids were adsorbed on the resin, while the sugar derivative fraction was eluted with water. Different desorption solvents were tested for batch and continuous elution of phenol derivatives. Most promising results were obtained for selective separation of phenol carboxylic acids by changing the ratio of water, methanol, and acetic acid in the solid‐phase extraction solvent system.
Hydrogen Sensor to Monitor the Conditions in the Primary Circuit of a Nuclear Reactor
Authors: Moucha Tomáš , Linek Václav , Bouřa Adam , Žák Adrián
Published: February 2023

A hydrogen concentration measurement device is developed for nuclear reactor primary circuits water. Despite the necessity to monitor hydrogen, only one producer offers a really selective hydrogen sensor on the world market because of the complexity of the device preparation when long‐term signal stability is required. Therefore, the Mass Transfer Laboratory at UCT Prague shares the experience gained during the sensor development. The results of the amperometric hydrogen sensor laboratory tests are presented, which demonstrate how to improve the sensor durability. An operational test in Dukovany nuclear power plant confirmed a significant improvement of the latest sensor version and showed that a simple principle could be realized in the form of a reliable device for industrial measurements.
Enantiodivergent Sulfoxidation Catalyzed by a Photoswitchable Iron Salen Phosphate Complex
Authors: Gilissen Pieter J. , Chen Xiaofei , De Graaf Joep , Tinnemans Paul , Feringa Ben L. , Elemans Johannes A. A. W. , Nolte Roeland J. M.
Published: February 2023

Here we describe a photoswitchable iron(III) salen phosphate catalyst, which is able to catalyze the enantiodivergent oxidation of prochiral aryl alkyl sulfides to chiral aryl alkyl sulfoxides. The stable (S)‐axial isomer of the catalyst produced enantioenriched sulfoxides with the (R)‐configuration in up to 75 % e.e., whereas the photoisomerized metastable (R)‐axial isomer of the catalyst favored the formation of (S)‐sulfoxides in up to 43 % e.e. The maximum Δe.e. value obtained in the enantiodivergent sulfoxidation was 118 %, which is identical to the maximum Δe.e. value that was measured in the enantiodivergent epoxidation of alkenes by a related recently described Mn1 catalyst. This iron‐based catalyst broadens the scope of photoswitchable enantiodivergent catalysts and may be used in the future to develop a photoswitchable catalytic system that can write digital information on a polymer chain in the form chiral sulfoxide functions.
Automated Glycan Assembly of Mycobacterial Hexaarabinofuranoside and Docosasaccharide Arabinan (Araf23) Motifs found on Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Murthy Sabbavarapu Narayana , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: February 2023

Mycobacteria are covered in a thick layer of different polysaccharides that helps to avert the innate immune response. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and arabinogalactan (AG) are ubiquitously contained in these envelopes, and rapid access to defined oligo‐ and polysaccharides is essential to elucidate their structural and biological roles. Arabinofuranose (Araf) residues in LAM and AG are connected either via α‐1,2‐trans linkages that are synthetically straightforward to install or the more challenging β‐(1,2‐cis) linkages. Herein, it was demonstrated that automated glycan assembly (AGA) can be used to quickly prepare 1,2‐cis‐β‐Araf as illustrated by the assembly of a highly branched arabinan hexasaccharide and a docosasaccharide arabinan (Araf23) motif.
Redox‐Active Lewis Pairs Yield Diradicaloids and Enable Modular Control of the Diradical Character
Authors: Maskey Rezisha , Thorwart Thaddäus , Ebel Simone F. , Jocic Angelina , Hartmann Deborah , Greb Lutz
Published: February 2023

Stable metal‐free diradicaloids are fascinating compounds, typically based on covalent polycyclic or nitrogen‐containing π‐conjugated frameworks. Unfortunately, their preparation and the modulation of their diradical character require substantial synthetic efforts. The present work introduces a synthetic approach to diradicaloids by the ease and modularity of Lewis pair formation. Binding redox‐active bis(catecholato)silane Lewis acids to ditopic tetraoxolene Lewis bases yields adducts with varying spin ground states. Computational analyses disclose that the diradical character increases with the electron donor ability of the catechols and the electron accepting ability of the tetraoxolene. Hence, this protocol grants access to diradicaloids with rationally adjustable diradical character of high potential for numerous applications in a single step.
Resilient durch die nächste industrielle Krise
Authors: Woppowa Ljuba
Published: February 2023

Anlässlich der Jahrestagung der Dechema/VDI‐Fachsektion Prozess‐, Apparate‐, Anlagentechnik (PAAT) diskutierten hochrangige Vertreter aus Industrie und Hochschule mit dem Auditorium die Chancen und Möglichkeiten, wie sich Industrie, Gesellschaft und Personen resilient gegen Krisen wappnen können.
Sauberes Wasser und sichere Prozesse durch Filtrationstechnik
Authors: Schaub Marius
Published: February 2023

Für einen energieeffizienten und gleichzeitig ausfallsicheren Betrieb von KLäranlagen ist verlässliche Technik in allen Reinigungsstufen und den Sekundärprozessen unerlässlich. Dazu zählt auch die Filtration als Qualitätsgarant für die Aufbereitung. Zuverlässige Produkte und innovative Verfahren für die Wasser‐ und Abwasserfiltration zeigen Aussteller und Präsentationen auf der Filtech 2023. Die Kombination aus Messe und Kongress findet vom 14. bis 16. Februar 2023 in Köln statt.
Filtertechnik für den Umweltschutz
Authors: Krause Peter
Published: February 2023

Im Umweltschutzprojekt Cleandanube wurde mithilfe von Filtertechnik der Anteil an Mikroplastik über den gesamten Donauverlauf dokumentiert. Für die zentralen Aufgaben, Abfall zu vermeiden und Ressourcen zu schonen hat Wolftechnik eine Tiefenfilterkerze mit 20 % Recyclinganteil aus Polypropylen entwickelt.
Granulärschlamm‐Prozess für die biologische Abwasserbehandlung
Authors: Huber Peter , Huijboom Marcel , Höfken Marcus
Published: February 2023

Sich mit dem Sequencing‐Batch‐Reactor‐Verfahren (SBR) für die biologische Reinigung kommunaler und industrieller Abwässer zu beschäftigen, kann sich lohnen. Batch‐Verfahren haben die Vorteile, dass das Reaktorverhalten definiert ist, die Randbedingungen konstant bleiben und unvorhergesehene Ereignisse während des Behandlungszyklus ausgeschlossen werden können.
Alarmstufe Rot?
Authors: Brügel Silke
Published: February 2023

Alarmmanagement hat sich im Anlagenbau zu einem wichtigen Tool entwickelt, das den Betreibern im Idealfall hilft, Zeit und Kosten zu sparen, und die Effizienz im täglichen Betrieb chemischer Anlagen erhöhen kann. Denn es soll unnötige Alarmmeldungen vermeiden helfen und damit die Alarmflut für das Betriebspersonal reduzieren.
Erdbebensichere Chemieanlagen
Authors: Wirth Stefan
Published: February 2023

Deutschland ist im Vergleich mit anderen Ländern seltener und weniger stark von Erdbeben betroffen. Aber auch Schwachbebengebiete sind nicht vor Schäden sicher, so dass auch hierzulande der Lastfall Erdbeben an bestimmten Chemie‐Standorten relevant ist. Durch die Einführung des neuen Erdbeben Eurocodes DIN EN 1998‐1/NA müssen die Gefahren in den Anlagen und deren Auswirkungen auf die Tragstrukturen, Einbauten und Versorgungsbauwerke neu bewertet werden.
Competition Between the Two σ‐Holes in the Formation of a Chalcogen Bond
Authors: Scheiner Steve
Published: February 2023

A chalcogen atom Y contains two separate σ‐holes when in a R1YR2 molecular bonding pattern. Quantum chemical calculations consider competition between these two σ‐holes to engage in a chalcogen bond (ChB) with a NH3 base. R groups considered include F, Br, I, and tert‐butyl (tBu). Also examined is the situation where the Y lies within a chalcogenazole ring, where its neighbors are C and N. Both electron‐withdrawing substituents R1 and R2 act cooperatively to deepen the two σ‐holes, but the deeper of the two holes consistently lies opposite to the more electron‐withdrawing group, and is also favored to form a stronger ChB. The formation of two simultaneous ChBs in a triad requires the Y atom to act as double electron acceptor, and so anti‐cooperativity weakens each bond relative to the simple dyad. This effect is such that some of the shallower σ‐holes are unable to form a ChB at all when a base occupies the other site.
Solvent Dependence on Cooperative Vibrational Strong Coupling and Cavity Catalysis**
Authors: Singh Jaibir , Lather Jyoti , George Jino
Published: February 2023

Strong light‐matter coupling offers a unique way to control chemical reactions at the molecular level. Here, we compare the solvent effect on an ester solvolysis process under cooperative vibrational strong coupling (VSC). Three reactants, para‐nitrophenylacetate, 3‐methyl‐para‐nitrophenylbenzoate, and bis‐(2, 4‐dinitrophenyl) oxalate are chosen to study the effect of VSC on the solvolysis reaction rates. Two solvents, ethyl acetate and cyclopentanone, are also considered to compare the cavity catalysis by coupling the C=O stretching band of the reactant and the solvent molecules to a Fabry‐Perot cavity mode. Interestingly, both solvents enhance the chemical reaction rate of para‐nitrophenylacetate and 3‐methyl‐para‐nitrophenylbenzoate under cooperative VSC conditions. However, the resonance effect is observed at different temperatures for different solvents, which is further confirmed by thermodynamic studies. Bis‐(2, 4‐dinitrophenyl) oxalate doesn′t respond to VSC in either of the solvent systems due to poor overlap of reactant and solvent C=O vibrational bands. Cavity detuning and other control experiments suggest that cooperative VSC of the solvent plays a crucial role in modifying the activation free‐energy of the reaction. These findings, along with other observations, cement the concept of polaritonic chemistry.
Inorganic Self‐assembly: Going Bio
Authors: Moreno‐Alcántar Guillermo
Published: February 2023

The use of self‐assembly for building complex functional structures is a current topic of interest in supramolecular chemistry. In this context, the use of biomolecule‐based building blocks has paved the way for the development of intracellular assemblies. Currently, the potential functionality of such assemblies in biomedical applications is being disclosed. On the other hand, the use of inorganic (metal‐based) building blocks is still in its infancy. The construction of inorganic self‐assemblies in‐bio is particularly challenging and demands great efforts to reach applications. However, the plethora of thinkable advantages related to the use of inorganic self‐assembly in living cells must fuel new discoveries in this area. This Concept reviews the current advances, perspectives, and challenges in inorganic self‐assembly in living systems.
Cycloaddition Reactions of Enamines
Authors: Efimov Ilya V. , Zhilyaev Dmitry I. , Kulikova Larisa N. , Voskressensky Leonid G.
Published: February 2023

This review includes information for around two last decades on cycloaddition reactions of enamines with various agents in order to build carbo‐ and heterocycles. In addition, the review presents organo‐catalytic reactions in which enamines are intermediate products generated in situ. This review covers the synthesis of four, five, six and eight‐membered carbocyclic compounds, as well as heterocycles as pyrroles, pyridines, etc.
The Role of Dethreading Process in Pseudorotaxanes and Rotaxanes towards Advanced Applications: Recent Examples
Authors: Saura‐Sanmartin Adrian
Published: February 2023

Rotaxanes are a type of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), constituted by at least a thread surrounded by a wheel, which are widely employed in the research field of artificial molecular machines. Although applications retaining the integrity of the mechanical bond are usually reported, the dethreading of the components can be crucial to develop some advanced applications. Thus, different dethreading strategies have been reported, and advanced applications which require such a process have turned out to be suitable approaches towards machine‐like operation. This review article covers recent examples of applications of pseudorotaxanes and rotaxanes in which dethreading processes have a key role to accomplish the desired function.
Discovery of New Cytotoxic Aplaminone Derivatives from the Sea Hare Aplysia kurodai and Elucidation of Their Accumulation from Local Sea Algae through the Food Chain
Authors: Hioki Yusuke , Sato Tatsuya , Iwao Toyoki , Ikuma Junya , Kawamura Atsushi , Ohyoshi Takayuki , Tsunematsu Yuta , Kita Masaki
Published: February 2023

The shell‐less herbivorous marine mollusk (sea hare) Aplysia kurodai is known to contain a variety of bioactive substances. While these compounds have been thought to originate from sea algae or their associated microbes, most of their origin and acquisition pathways are still unclear. Six new cytotoxic aplaminone derivatives, bromodopamine‐terpenoid hybrid molecules, were isolated from A. kurodai. Among them, isoaplaminone had a reverse prenyl group at the C15 aliphatic chain, which is a rare structural feature from the viewpoint of terpenoid biosynthesis. Investigation for chemical components in A. kurodai and the sea algae collected at several different locations revealed that two major aplaminones were contained in the Laurencia complex species at specific sites. Our chemical and ecological studies provide new insights into the origin of marine alkaloid toxins and their dynamism through the food chain.
Understanding the European Green Deal: A narrative policy framework approach
Authors: Domorenok Ekaterina , Graziano Paolo
Published: February 2023

The 2008 global financial crisis, climate change, and, ultimately, the COVID pandemic have once again challenged the European Union's (EU) capacity to find effective policy solutions to common problems. The article investigates how the novel policy narrative underpinning the European Green Deal (EGD), a new EU growth strategy aimed at transforming the EU into a fair and prosperous society with no net greenhouse gas emissions, has evolved into concrete policy commitments. By combining the theoretical insights of the narrative policy framework and the assumptions of constructivist approaches to the study of politics, we focus on the relevance of strategic narratives for the understanding of power dynamics related to the approval of the EGD' center piece—the European Climate Law. Our findings show how, by effectively using legitimacy arguments, the European Commission and the Parliament managed to secure a swift approval of the Regulation.
Efficacy of vigabatrin in the treatment of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Zhao , Gong Pan , Jiao Xianru , Niu Yue , Wu Ye , Zhang Yuehua , Chang Xingzhi , Yang Zhixian
Published: February 2023

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of vigabatrin (VGB) in treating infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS). Databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched. All the relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (OSs) of VGB for IESS were included and analyzed separately. The primary outcome was the cessation of epileptic spasms (ES). Five RCTs and nine OSs compared the efficacy of VGB vs hormonal monotherapy for IESS. Meta‐analysis of the five RCTs showed that hormonal monotherapy was significantly better than VGB monotherapy (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.20‐0.67) for patients with new‐onset IESS. Meta‐analysis of the nine OSs agrees with the result from RCTs (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.43‐0.85). VGB was more effective in patients with TSC than in those with other etiologies (five OSs, OR = 5.59, 95% CI = 2.17‐14.41). There was no significant difference in the efficiency of VGB combined with hormonal therapy vs hormonal monotherapy for IESS (two RCTs, OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.09‐6.45). Hormonal monotherapy is better than VGB monotherapy for non‐TSC‐associated IESS. But for patients with IESS due to TSC, VGB is the first choice. VGB combined with hormone therapy does not definitely increase ES control rates compared with that of hormonal monotherapy.
Primary NTRK‐rearranged spindle cell neoplasm of bone harboring an HMBOX1::NTRK3 gene fusion
Authors: Wang Zhe , Wang Jian
Published: February 2023

The majority of neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) rearranged neoplasms occur either in the superficial or deep soft tissues of extremities or trunk. Occasionally, it arises in visceral organs. However, its occurrence as a primary osseous tumor has not been documented thus far. Herein, we describe a unique case of an NTRK rearranged neoplasm that presented as a primary bony lesion. The tumor occurred in a 21‐year‐old woman who presented with an increasing pain in the right lower extremity. Radiologic examinations revealed a destructive lytic lesion located in the lower portion of the right femur. Histologically, the tumor was composed of haphazard fascicles of monomorphic spindle cells displaying mild nuclear atypia and rare mitotic activity. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed focal staining of pan‐TRK and S100 protein. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was performed with the utilization of break‐apart probes for NTRK1/NTRK2/NTRK3 genes. An NTRK3 rearrangement was identified. Subsequent next‐generation sequencing (RNA‐seq) revealed HMBOX1exon6::NTRK3exon 14 fusion. Our study illustrates, albeit extremely rare, that NTRK‐rearranged neoplasms can arise as a primary bone lesion. In addition, we describe a novel HMBOX1::NTRK3 fusion that has not been documented before.
Magnetostratigraphy of palaeolake sequence from Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, India: Implications on young geomagnetic excursions
Authors: Venkateshwarlu Mamilla , Babu Nathi Ramesh , Kapawar Mahesh R. , Kotlia Bahadur Singh , Singh Anoop Kumar , Satyakumar Animireddi Venkata
Published: February 2023

Geomagnetic excursions are short‐lived episodes when Earth's magnetic field deviates into an intermediate polarity state. Understanding the origin, frequency, amplitude, duration, and field behaviour associated with excursions is a forefront research area within solid Earth geophysics. Excursion events typically last a few thousand to tens of thousands of years; unlike full reversals, excursions are generally not recorded around the globe. We present here a new palaeomagnetic record (Geomagnetic excursions) from a lacustrine sediment sequence (at times, punctuated by undersized horizons of the gravels) with extraordinarily stable signals. Palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic investigations were performed on a 17‐m‐thick profile of unconsolidated sediments from Bagwalipokar palaeolake (Lat. 29°43′18″; Long. 79°28′42″; altitude 4167 ft), Binta Basin in the Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, situated in the zone of the active North Almora Thrust (NAT). A total of 540 oriented palaeomagnetic samples from 108 horizons (five samples per horizon) were collected from the section. The extrapolation of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) date indicates that the whole section was deposited between 45 and 2.5 ka. Magnetic remanence is predominantly carried by magnetite alone. Virtual Geomagnetic Pole (VGP) latitudes were determined using mean declinations and inclinations. Two geomagnetic excursions were observed at younger levels [11.6–10.5 m (15.5–14.7 ka) and 15–11.7 m (8.0–2.85 ka)]. These geomagnetic excursions correlate with the recently reported younger Hawaiian lava flow excursions. The youngest excursion from 8 ka may be attributed to the climatic event beginning at 8.2 ka cooling event of an oxygen isotope record of biogenic carbonate from palaeolake Riwasa in north‐western India that provides a history of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) from ∼11 to 6 ka BP and also the North Atlantic glacial outburst flood and the slowdown of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. However, further work is needed to verify this interpretation.
Geochronology and geochemistry of basalts from the Yingchuan Formation, eastern Jiangnan Orogen: Implications for the Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the South China Block
Authors: Chen Mo , Wang Lei , Li Longming , Lin Shoufa , Liu Hang , Wang Bo , Han Xu
Published: February 2023

The Neoproterozoic magmatism along the Jiangnan Orogen preserves significant information for understanding the tectonic evolution of the South China Block (SCB). We conducted a systematic zircon U–Pb geochronological and whole‐rock geochemical study on the basalts from the Yingchuan Formation in the eastern Jiangnan Orogen, SCB. The basalts yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 817 ± 13 Ma, enriched in Rb, Th, U, LREE and HFSE (e.g., Zr and Ti). The basalts have positive εNd(t) (+1.9 to +2.1) and high (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.69853–0.70737), indicating a slightly depleted mantle source. The high La/Nb (2.14–2.35) and La/Ta (28.6–33.3) ratios indicate a lithospheric mantle source for the basalts. Their high Ba/Yb (7.85–44.3) and Th/Yb (0.59–0.74) ratios and high absolute Nb contents (7.64–11.6 ug/g) indicate that the lithospheric mantle source has been metasomatized by melts and fluids derived from a subducted slab. The basalts are characterized by (La/Yb) N ratios (3.0–3.5) and Sm/Nd ratios (0.24–0.26), comparable to intra‐continental back arc basin basalts (BABBs). Their Ta/Yb (0.14–0.16) and Th/Yb (0.59–0.74) ratios are similar to those of Okinawa Trough basalts and contemporary mafic rocks formed in the back‐arc basin in the Jiangnan Orogen. Combined with their source features, we propose that the basalts were formed in a back‐arc basin setting. The identification of BABBs from the Yingchuan Formation shows that there were Neoproterozoic back‐arc basins in the south‐eastern Yangtze Block, indicating that the final assembly between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks did not occur before ca. 817 Ma.
Spatial downscaling of precipitation for hydrological modelling: Assessing a simple method and its application under climate change in Britain
Authors: Kay Alison L. , Rudd Alison C. , Coulson James
Published: February 2023

National or regional grid‐based hydrological models are usually run at relatively fine spatial resolutions. But the meteorological data necessary to drive such models are often coarser resolution, so some form of spatial downscaling is generally required. A 1 km hydrological model for Great Britain is used to test the performance of a simple method of downscaling precipitation based on 1 km patterns of long‐term mean annual rainfall (Standard Average Annual Rainfall; SAAR). For a range of coarser resolutions (5, 10, 25 and 50 km), a 1 km grid of multiplicative scaling factors is derived as the ratio of the 1 km grid box SAAR divided by the mean SAAR of the coarser resolution grid box that contains it. A dataset of 1 km daily observation‐based precipitation is then degraded to the coarser resolutions, and application of SAAR scaling factors is compared to no downscaling and direct use of 1 km data, for simulating river flows for a large set of catchments. SAAR‐based downscaling provides a clear improvement over no downscaling. Using monthly rather than annual long‐term mean rainfall patterns provides minimal further improvement. There are no strong relationships between performance and catchment properties, but performance using 50 km precipitation without downscaling tends to be worse for smaller, steeper catchments and those with a more south‐westerly aspect; these benefit more from SAAR‐based downscaling. An assessment using high‐resolution convection‐permitting model data shows relatively small changes in derived SAAR scaling factors between a baseline and far‐future period, suggesting that use of historical scaling factors for future periods is reasonable. Applicability of this simple downscaling method for other parts of the world should be similarly assessed, for both historical and future periods. While use of annual patterns seems to be sufficient in Britain, areas where spatial rainfall patterns are more variable through the year may require use of sub‐annual patterns.
Ligand‐Directed Chemistry for Protein Labeling for Affinity‐Based Protein Analysis
Authors: Sakamoto Seiji , Hamachi Itaru
Published: February 2023

Structural and functional analyses of proteins‐of‐interest (POI) in multimolecular crowding conditions (mMCC) such as live cells and tissues are regarded as inevitable challenges for in depth understanding of the real shapes of POIs in their existing natural environments. Activity‐based protein profiling (ABPP) is a definitely powerful tool capable of analyzing a proteome possessing a particular activity under mMCC. While ABPP usually targets a proteome of interest, study of a particular protein in mMCC is also valuable. Although activity‐based probes (ABPs) are often used for this aim, most of conventional ABPs cause the loss of original activities, and therefore are not perfectly suitable for functional analysis of labeled proteins. Ligand‐directed chemistry (LDchem) developed by our group is an alternative approach of ABPs, that can modify a surface of POI rather than its active site using a cleavable electrophile in a traceless manner. LDchem thus enables the POI labeling with a synthetic fluorophore with no or minimal effects on the original functions of POIs even in mMCC. In this review, we briefly describe a principle of LDchem for native protein labeling and summarize its recent chemical biology applications such as the imaging‐based biological analysis of POI functions and construction of POI‐based biosensors.
Balanced covering arrays: A classification of covering arrays and packing arrays via exact methods
Authors: Kampel Ludwig , Hiess Irene , Kotsireas Ilias S. , Simos Dimitris E.
Published: February 2023

In this paper we investigate the intersections of classes of covering arrays (CAs) and packing arrays (PAs). The arrays appearing in these intersections obey to upper and lower bounds regarding the appearance of tuples in sub‐matrices—we call these arraysbalanced covering arrays. We formulate and formalize first observations for which upper and lower bounds on the appearance of tuples it is of interest to consider these intersections of CAs and PAs. Outside of these bounds the intersections will be either empty, for the case of too restrictive constraints, or equal to the maximum element in the emerging lattices, for the case of too weak constraints. We present a column extension algorithm for classification of nonequivalent balanced CAs that uses a SAT solver or a pseudo‐Boolean (PB) solver to compute the columns suitable for array extension together with a lex‐leader ordering to identify unique representatives for each equivalence class of balanced CAs. These computations bring to light a dissection of classes of CAs that is partially nested due to the nature of the considered intersections. These dissections can be trivial, containing only a single type of balanced CAs, or can also appear as highly structured containing multiple nested types of balanced CAs. Our results indicate that balanced CAs are an interesting class of designs that is rich of structure.
Deacetylase‐dependent and ‐independent role of HDAC3 in cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ren Jieyu , Zeng Qun , Wu Hongmei , Liu Xuewen , Guida Maria C. , Huang Wen , Zhai Yiyuan , Li Junjie , Ocorr Karen , Bodmer Rolf , Tang Min
Published: February 2023

Cardiomyopathy is a common disease of cardiac muscle that negatively affects cardiac function. HDAC3 commonly functions as corepressor by removing acetyl moieties from histone tails. However, a deacetylase‐independent role of HDAC3 has also been described. Cardiac deletion of HDAC3 causes reduced cardiac contractility accompanied by lipid accumulation, but the molecular function of HDAC3 in cardiomyopathy remains unknown. We have used powerful genetic tools in Drosophila to investigate the enzymatic and nonenzymatic roles of HDAC3 in cardiomyopathy. Using the Drosophila heart model, we showed that cardiac‐specific HDAC3 knockdown (KD) leads to prolonged systoles and reduced cardiac contractility. Immunohistochemistry revealed structural abnormalities characterized by myofiber disruption in HDAC3 KD hearts. Cardiac‐specific HDAC3 KD showed increased levels of whole‐body triglycerides and increased fibrosis. The introduction of deacetylase‐dead HDAC3 mutant in HDAC3 KD background showed comparable results with wild‐type HDAC3 in aspects of contractility and Pericardin deposition. However, deacetylase‐dead HDAC3 mutants failed to improve triglyceride accumulation. Our data indicate that HDAC3 plays a deacetylase‐independent role in maintaining cardiac contractility and preventing Pericardin deposition as well as a deacetylase‐dependent role to maintain triglyceride homeostasis.
Dental implant prognostication: A commentary
Authors: Kwok Vivien , Caton Jack G. , Hart Iain D. , Kim Ti‐Sun
Published: February 2023

In this commentary, a practical system for estimating the prognosis for dental implants is presented. Evidence for factors influencing implant prognosis is reviewed. The system is based on the stability of implant supporting tissues as opposed to implant loss.
Follow Your Nose
Authors: Miller Kristen A. , Sagaser Katelynn G. , Hertenstein Christine B. , Blakemore Karin J. , Forster Katherine R. , Lawson Cathleen S. , Jelin Angie C.
Published: February 2023

Objective

Examine whether repeat nasal bone evaluation following an absent/uncertain nasal bone on first‐trimester screening (FTS) improves Down syndrome (DS) screening specificity.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of FTS sonograms in one center from January 2015 to January 2018 was performed. Data was extracted for those with an absent/uncertain nasal bone. Repeat evaluations were offered.

Results

Of 6780 FTS sonograms, 589 (8.7%) had an absent/uncertain nasal bone. Upon repeat exam, 268/376 (71.3%) had a present nasal bone. Compared with Black patients, patients of other ethnicities were more likely to have a present nasal bone on exam 2 (P < .00001). Of 268 patients with a present nasal bone on exam 2, 37 (13.8%) had an abnormal DS risk following exam 1; 34/37 (91.9%) normalized following nasal bone visualization, dropping the screen positive rate to 1.1%.

Conclusion

Repeat nasal bone examination is beneficial in refining DS risk assessment and improves the specificity of FTS.
The Effect of Metformin on Vestibular Schwannoma Growth: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Lovin Benjamin D. , Wilkinson Alex J. , Qing Yun , Hernandez Mike , Nader Marc‐Elie , Raza Shaan , DeMonte Franco , Gidley Paul W.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To systematically review and evaluate metformin's potential impact on vestibular schwannoma (VS) growth.

Data Sources

PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase.

Review Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed on sporadic VS patients undergoing initial observation who had at least two magnetic resonance imaging studies. Patients were stratified by metformin use during the observation period. Primary endpoint was VS growth, defined as at least a 2 mm increase in diameter. Survival free of tumor growth was evaluated between groups. Systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed to produce a pooled odds ratio [OR]. Study heterogeneity was assessed and post‐hoc power analysis was performed.

Results

A total of 123 patients were included, of which 17% were taking metformin. Median patient age was 56.6 years (range, 25.1–84.5). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups. Survival analysis did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in time to VS growth between groups (hazard ratio = 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29–1.29). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between groups in the odds of VS growth (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.17–1.27). Systematic review identified 3 studies. Meta‐analysis suggested that metformin reduces the odds of developing VS growth (pooled OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.29–0.71). Studies demonstrated low between‐study heterogeneity. Power analysis demonstrated a sample size of 220 patients with equal randomization would be required to prospectively identify a true difference with 80% power.

Conclusions

Metformin use may reduce the odds of VS growth. A randomized trial would be ideal to identify an unbiased estimate of metformin's effect on VS growth. Laryngoscope, 133:2066–2072, 2023
Aquatic carbon fluxes in a hemiboreal catchment are predictable from landscape morphology, temperature, and runoff
Authors: Balathandayuthabani Sivakiruthika , Wallin Marcus B. , Klemedtsson Leif , Crill Patrick , Bastviken David
Published: February 2023

Aquatic networks contribute greenhouse gases and lateral carbon (C) export from catchments. The magnitudes of these fluxes exceed the global land C sink but are uncertain. Resolving this uncertainty is important for understanding climate feedbacks. We quantified vertical methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from lakes and streams, and lateral export of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon from a hemiboreal catchment for 3 yr. Lateral C fluxes dominated the total aquatic C flux. All aquatic C fluxes were disproportionately contributed from spatially restricted areas and/or short‐term events. Hence, consideration of local and episodic variability is vital. Temperature and runoff were the main temporal drivers for lake and stream C emissions, respectively. Whole‐catchment aquatic C emissions scaled linearly with these drivers within timeframes of stable land‐cover. Hence, temperature and runoff increase across Northern Hemisphere humid areas from climate change may yield proportional increases in aquatic C fluxes.
Organic Single Crystal with High Mobility, Ultrahigh UV Sensitivity, and Fast Time Response
Authors: Tao Jingwei , Sun Wenbo , Liu Dan , Tian Geng , Dong Huanli , Lu Lehui
Published: February 2023

Organic semiconductor molecule is a highly promising material system for next‐generation photodetectors due to its tunable absorption, inherent flexibility, and solution and low‐temperature processibility. However, developing organic semiconductor materials for visible‐blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors with broad spectral response remains a big challenge. Herein, a novel triphenylamine‐functionalized donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) type isoindigo derivative, (E)‐6,6'‐bis(4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)‐[3,3'‐biindolinylidene]‐2,2′‐dione (BDPBD), is successfully synthesized. The ultrasensitive visible‐blind UV single crystal organic phototransistors (SC‐OPTs) based on the BDPBD micro/nanometer‐sized single crystal using simple solution process for the detection of ultraviolet‐A (UV‐A), ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B), and ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) UV light showed a highest hole mobility of 0.12 cm2 V−1 s−1, millisecond‐level response time (20 ms), and ultrahigh photoresponsivity, detectivity, and external quantum efficiency up to 2.62 × 106 A W−1, 1.47 × 1017 Jones, and 3.51 × 108%, respectively.
Optical coherence tomography‐guided Nd:YAG laser treatment and follow‐up of basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Kranz Stefanie , Brunnmeier Gisela , Yilmaz Pelinsu , Thamm Janis , Schiele Stefan , Müller Gernot , Key Clara , Welzel Julia , Schuh Sandra
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin tumor with an annually increasing incidence. Standard care requires several visits for diagnosis and treatment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a diagnostic tool increases the sensitivity (95%) and specificity (77%) of the diagnosis of BCC. Although laser therapy is not the standard of care, the long‐pulsed 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser seems to be a promising option. However, data are scarce. The published papers had a short follow‐up (FU) time and used to some extent inferior methods to detect complete tumor clearance. To address this research gap, this study evaluates the efficiency of laser treatment by FU OCT. We pursue a patient‐focused approach and combine OCT with Nd:YAG laser treatment in one procedure.

Materials and Methods

The study was conducted as a prospective, single‐center trial that recruited biopsy‐confirmed or OCT‐proven BCC with a tumor thickness of less than 1.2 mm. Patients underwent two or three repeated sessions with the Nd:YAG laser (5–6 mm spot, fluence of 120–140 J/cm2, pulse duration of 8–10 milliseconds). Each BCC was assessed at baseline, and 3 and 12 months after laser treatment by clinical image, dermoscopy, and OCT. Incomplete tumor clearance (ITC) was defined as a clearly detectable BCC on the OCT image or a biopsy‐confirmed BCC in the treated area.

Results

Forty‐five patients completed the 12‐month FU (46.7% women; median age of 74.0 [52–88] years) with a total number of 78 BCC lesions. At baseline, all patients had their BCC diagnosed by OCT (tumor thickness of 0.6 [0.4; 0.8] mm), 15.4% lesions were additionally diagnosed by histopathology. The most common subtype of BCC was superficial (48.7%), followed by nodular (47.4%) and infiltrative (3.8%). ITC rate after the treatment using Nd:YAG laser was 30.8% (95% CI: 20.8%–42.2%) (24/78) after 3 months and 7.4% (95% CI: 2.1%–17.9%) (4/54) after 12 months. ITC was not associated with histological subtype, tumor thickness, or location. If ITC was detected, the lesion was treated again. Out of 19 lesions with at least one additional laser treatment, 7 lesions (36.8%) suffered from incomplete tumor removal. In 46.7% of the treated lesions, the cosmetic outcome was rated as moderate or severe scarring after 12 months.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that the ITC rate of BCC treated with the Nd:YAG laser is much higher (up to one‐third) than reported, although the laser settings were identical to prior studies. This is especially evident at the 3‐month FU. In addition, we witnessed a larger number of side effects and a worse cosmetic outcome compared to previous studies.
Stability of stationary solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations in the Besov space
Authors: Kozono Hideo , Shimizu Senjo
Published: February 2023

We consider the stability of the stationary solution w of the Navier–Stokes equations in the whole space for . It is clarified that if w is small in for and , then for every small initial disturbance with and (), there exists a unique solution of the nonstationary Navier–Stokes equations on (0, ∞) with such that and as , for , , and small .
A single‐layer differential‐fed dual‐band filtering antenna for WLAN application
Authors: Huang Hao‐Yang , Hu Kun‐Zhi , Deng Jie , Yan Dong , Xie Jinfeng , Zhang Yan
Published: February 2023

In this letter, a single‐layer differential‐fed dual‐band filtering antenna for wireless local area network application is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of a square patch, and two pairs of stepped impedance resonators (SIRs). The lower operating passband is realized by exciting the square patch with a pair of differential ports. Then, a pair of SIRs is connected with the radiating edge of the square patch to introduce another resonance, thus forming the upper passband. And a radiation null is simultaneously produced to enhance the frequency selectivity between the two passbands. Moreover, another pair of SIRs is utilized to connect with the nonradiating edge of the square patch, which generates an additional high‐frequency in‐band resonance and a radiation null to further improve the bandwidth and frequency selectivity of upper passband. The developed prototype was fabricated and measured to verify the design concept. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones, demonstrating that it exhibits −10 dB fractional impedance bandwidths of 3.68% and 7.35%, maximum realized gains at boresight direction of 5.5 and 8.7 dBi, and cross‐polarization levels smaller than −30 dB, in lower and upper passbands, respectively.
Novel low‐profile stacked edge grounded rectangular dielectric resonator antenna with compact size for UWB applications
Authors: Gaonkar Abhijeet , M. Ayyappan , Patel Pragati
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a low‐profile stacked dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is proposed for ultra‐wideband applications. To improve the performance of the proposed antenna, techniques such as stacking of two dielectric materials, air gap slots, edge grounding technique, and the partial ground plane is employed. The measured impedance BW of the proposed antenna is 106% at the center frequency of 7.7 GHz (3.65–11.8 GHz). The analysis of field lines shows that the fundamental TEx111 mode is preserved at the first resonant frequency of 4.4 GHz. The maximum gain achieved over the operating frequency range is 6.38 dBi. The design is compact in its nature with a miniaturization capability of 66% of its volume. The proposed design is structurally simple, has a low weight, and has a high radiation efficiency of more than 90% in the operational range.
Deep learning‐based automatic pipeline for quantitative assessment of thigh muscle morphology and fatty infiltration
Authors: Gaj Sibaji , Eck Brendan L. , Xie Dongxing , Lartey Richard , Lo Charlotte , Zaylor William , Yang Mingrui , Nakamura Kunio , Winalski Carl S. , Spindler Kurt P. , Li Xiaojuan
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Fast and accurate thigh muscle segmentation from MRI is important for quantitative assessment of thigh muscle morphology and composition. A novel deep learning (DL) based thigh muscle and surrounding tissues segmentation model was developed for fully automatic and reproducible cross‐sectional area (CSA) and fat fraction (FF) quantification and tested in patients at 10 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions.

Methods

A DL model combining UNet and DenseNet was trained and tested using manually segmented thighs from 16 patients (32 legs). Segmentation accuracy was evaluated using Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) and average symmetric surface distance (ASSD). A UNet model was trained for comparison. These segmentations were used to obtain CSA and FF quantification. Reproducibility of CSA and FF quantification was tested with scan and rescan of six healthy subjects.

Results

The proposed UNet and DenseNet had high agreement with manual segmentation (DSC >0.97, ASSD < 0.24) and improved performance compared with UNet. For hamstrings of the operated knee, the automated pipeline had largest absolute difference of 6.01% for CSA and 0.47% for FF as compared to manual segmentation. In reproducibility analysis, the average difference (absolute) in CSA quantification between scan and rescan was better for the automatic method as compared with manual segmentation (2.27% vs. 3.34%), whereas the average difference (absolute) in FF quantification were similar.

Conclusions

The proposed method exhibits excellent accuracy and reproducibility in CSA and FF quantification compared with manual segmentation and can be used in large‐scale patient studies.
Effectiveness of Venting and Recompression for Increasing Postrelease Survival of Barotraumatized Black Sea Bass across a Range of Depths
Authors: Rudershausen Paul J. , Schmidt Hailey M. , Merrell Jeffery H. , Runde Brendan J. , Buckel Jeffrey A.
Published: February 2023

The effectiveness of venting and recompression for increasing postrelease survival for fish that experience barotrauma has rarely been tested across a range of depths. We conducted a field tag–recapture experiment to test how well venting and recompression each increased postrelease survival of Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata relative to untreated controls at three different depth ranges on the U.S. South Atlantic continental shelf: 24–26, 29–32, and 35–38 m. Venting and recompression were applied by researchers alongside untreated controls at all three depths, and venting by anglers who were inexperienced with this technique was an additional treatment at the intermediate depth. Tests of independence were used to evaluate the association between treatment type (venting versus controls) and postrelease submergence at each depth. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to the tag–recapture data that were collected at each depth to determine whether the experimental treatment influenced postrelease survival. Postrelease submergence was significantly higher in vented fish at the intermediate and deep depths but not at the shallow depth. The hazards rates were not significant for venting and recompression at the shallow and intermediate depths but were at the deepest depth, demonstrating that these techniques practiced at >35 m increased postrelease survival relative to untreated controls. Mean increases in absolute survival at the 35–38 m depth were calculated to be 6.8% and 8.1% relative to controls when using venting and recompression, respectively. The results further suggest that anglers who are unfamiliar with venting do not reduce postrelease survival compared with venting by experienced personnel. These results provide guidance to fishery managers who are tasked with seeking methods to reduce catch-and-release mortality for an important reef species. Taken together, the findings from submergence success and survival models suggest that both venting and recompression should be encouraged to increase the postrelease survival of Black Sea Bass that are caught from depths >29 m.