bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Fundamental Performance and Market Performance of the Property, Real Estate, and Construction Sector Based on the Impact of Covid-19
Authors: Tohar Rika Meiliana , Susi . , Prasetyo Tri Joko
Published: August 2022

This study examines the impact of Covid-19 on the company's fundamental and market performance. The population in this study are property, real estate, and construction sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018 and 2020. The sample selection was carried out by purposive sampling and obtained by as many as 53 companies. The analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon Sign Test technique. The results show differences in actual performance as measured by profitability using the Return on Assets (ROA) ratio, and there is no difference in market performance as measured by Tobin's Q.
Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Region as Molecular Marker for Parasite Identification in Aquaculture: A Review
Authors: Mulyani Yuniar , Rosidah .
Published: August 2022

Molecular technologies may be quicker and more accurate than the culture, serology, and histology procedures that have historically been employed to identify fish parasites. By using molecular diagnostic methods, parasites can be found in asymptomatic fish, allowing disease outbreaks to be stopped. This review discusses the use of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) markers to detect parasite in aquaculture and their potential applications are discussed. It was found that it is a more reliable marker and species identification in combination with other DNA markers. ITS region are highly polymorphic non - coding region with sufficient taxonomic units. Thus, sequences can be separated at the species level. though ribosomal ITS as a universal barcode marker for parasite identification is still hampered by few limitations, the ITS will remain as the key choice for parasite identification. It remains the most important option for parasite identification. Many studies have been carried out using ITS markers for parasites identification such as cestode, nematodes, Pseudoterranova spp., Anisakis type I, Diplostomum, Gyrodactylids Hysterothylacium sp, Glochidia larvae. This identification of parasites are taken from the species Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Argentinesea bass, (Acanthistius patachonicus), and other samples from various places.
Distribution of Decapods in the Selected Mangrove Sites in Sta. Maria, Davao Occidental, Philippines
Authors: C. Milla Mark Ryan , B. Fernandez Elyn , M. Elemino Michelle
Published: August 2022

Aims: To identify the species of decapods and their edibility, determine the population density, abundance, dominance, and diversity indices of decapods found in the selected mangrove sites, and measure the physicochemical parameters of the area.

Place and Duration of Study: Barangay Tanglad, Mamacao, and Basiawan of the Municipality of Sta. Maria, Davao Occidental. April 25-29, 2022.

Methodology: A transect-plot method was used in sampling and the samples were handpicked or captured using tongs, scooped using the locally used net, dug from their burrows, and collected from wooden hides. The samples were put in a container with seawater and ice, then cleaned, photographed, and identified. The samples were presented to the fisherfolks and locals to identify local names and their edibility. The pH, temperature, and salinity of the seawater were recorded on site. The decapods’ taxonomic classification was identified. The population density, abundance, dominance, and diversity indices were computed.

Results: There were 13 species of decapods found in the three sampling sites, namely: Triangular fiddler crab (A. triangularis), Nymph snapping shrimp (A. euphrosyne), Mud crab (B. vinosus), Forceps crab (E. dentatus), Brown land crab (C. carnifex), Hermit crab (C. rugosus), Indian prawn (F. indicus), Giant freshwater prawn (M. rosenbergii), Alamihi crab (M. thukuhar), Mudflat crab (P. pictum), Flat porcelain crab (P. cinctipes), Mangrove swimming crab (T. crenata), and Compressed fiddler crab (T. coarctata). A total of 633 individuals were gathered from the three sampling sites. 279 individuals were collected in Barangay Tanglad, 189 individuals in Barangay Mamacao, and 165 individuals in Barangay Basiawan. Triangular fiddler crab (A. triangularis), Hermit crab (C. rugosus), Indian prawn (F. indicus), Alamihi crab (M. thukuhar), Mudflat Crab (P. pictum), and Compressed fiddler crab (T. coarctata) were observed to be present among the three sites. In the three sampling sites, Mudflat crab (P. pictum) showed to have the highest population density of 199 ind./2,700 m2, highest index of the dominance of 0.291, and a relative abundance of 31.44%. Mudflat crab (P. pictum), Triangular fiddler crab (A. triangularis), and Compressed fiddler crab (T. coarctata) were the most dominant species in the area.

Conclusion: Barangay Tanglad was found to be the most diverse site, it also had the highest index of evenness. Barangay Mamacao and Basiawan had the highest similarity index. There was no significant difference in the number of decapod species between the sampling sites. The physicochemical parameters are within the optimum level which could be a favorable condition for the abundance of the decapods.
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Phyllanthus urinaria (Linnaeus, Phyllanthaceae) Leaves against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Wounds
Authors: O. Ihuma J. , D. Malgwi T. , H. Matthew M.
Published: August 2022

The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance have been on the increase, and as such there is a need for new and safer antimicrobials. Commonly used medicinal plants found in surrounding environments and communities can be used as medicines to treat infections. This research is aimed on exploring the antimicrobial properties of the Phyllanthus urinaria plant against selected bacterial pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa found in human wounds. The plant extracts were obtained by boiling, soaking and decoctioning the plant leaves. These extracts were subjected to a series of tests for their antimicrobial and active components. The antimicrobial assay was carried out by disc and agar-well diffusion methods. The results indicated that the extract exhibited antimicrobial properties. The highest and only potential was observed in the boiled extract against S. aureus with zones of inhibition at 6mm for disc diffusion method and 5mm for agar-well diffusion method at 100mg/mL and 3mm for 25mg/mL and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed complete resistance of the plant extract. The mean efficacy of the extract showed 23.0% and 35.5% in comparison to Chloramphenicol in the agar-well diffusion method and disc diffusion method, respectively. A statistical test was carried out using the one-way ANOVA method, to show the statistically significant differences between the extracts, bacterial isolates, and also zones of inhibition. The results showed that in both the disc and agar-well diffusion methods, p-value was 0.0584; hence there were no statistically significant differences in the effects of the plant extracts on the bacterial isolates. This experiment confirmed the efficacy of the plant extract as a natural potential antimicrobial against Staphylococcus aureus.
Moths Diversity in Barsuan Range, Bonai Forest Division, Odisha, India and their Ecological Importance
Authors: Kumar N. Sanath , Pradhan Ilarani , Mishra Arun Kumar , Kumar Sanjeet
Published: August 2022

Moths are a group of insects belonging to Class Insecta and Order Lepidoptera. Butterflies are also coming under the Order Lepidoptera and moths can be mistaken as butterflies. Moths and their caterpillars are important food for many species of amphibians, small mammals (such as bats) and many birds. They pollinate flowers while feeding on their nectar, and therefore help in seed production. This includes wild plants, garden plants and food crops. Keeping the importance of moth, an attempt has been made to document the moth diversity of Barsuan Range, Bonai Forest Division, Odisha during 2021-2022. The results revealed that about 31 species of moths were observed. The ecological importance of the available moths is discussed in the present study. The paper highlights the importance of insects in balancing the ecology of Barsuan range, Bonai Forest Division, Odisha, India.
Lupus-like Syndrome and Cardiac Tamponade as Initial Presentation of a Primary Cardiac Malignant Tumor: Report of a Case
Authors: Arredondo-Andrade Silvia Acened , Vázquez-Rodríguez Juan Gustavo
Published: August 2022

This is the case of a 38-year-old man with a history of two female relatives with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and personal factors of high cardiovascular risk (gender, stress, smoking, chronic consumption of electronic cigarette). The patient presented tamponade due to pericardial effusion secondary to Lupus-like syndrome that preceded and accompanied at all times an angiosarcoma of the roof and anterior wall of the right atrium. His clinical evolution is described, as well as the surgical and pharmacological treatment in the Cardiovascular Care Unit of a third-level hospital and the possible causes of the poor response to management that led to his death.
The Capacity Analysis of a Bypass with Paved Shoulder, in Bhawanipatna, Western Odisha
Authors: Panda Rakesh Kumar , Mishra Siba Prasad , Ch. Sethi Kumar
Published: August 2022

The urban sprawl, in Bhawanipatna township is due to the rate of population surge and connectivity, migration, and construction of a hydropower station nearby. The resultant effect can be attested with considerable traffic jamming in peak traffic hour’s accidents and crashes. In order to address the problem, the transport infrastructure needs expansion, upgrades, and rehabilitation of roads or diversion of traffic at the entry and exit points. The traffic congestion and delay in travel time can be alleviated by constructing a ring road or a bypass to relax from future repercussions. The objectives of present search is for finding an appropriate alternative to the traffic congestion of the township by evaluating the traffic capacity of the township, Classified Traffic volume count (CVC), and AADT (annual average daily traffic volume), ADT (Average daily traffic), economic analysis, and social impact assessment. The fast-growing Bhawanipatna Town has increased during the last decade due to industrialization, urbanization, and improvement of existing highway infrastructures. The traffic congestion caused in Bhawanipatna town can be alleviated either by constructing a ring road or a bypass for the Highways. The outcome recommended for the alternate road diversion morphogenesis is a bypass pass through the town with a paved shoulder obtained from the economy/capacity analysis and at the cost of urban greenness cover.
Fractions of Aqueous Extract of Plumbago zeylanica (L.) Root Induced Mitochondrial Membrane Permeability Transition Pore Opening in Rats
Authors: K. Olanrewaju Olaide , O. Ehigie Leonard , Oyelere Sunday Faith , A. Oyedeji Tolulope , D. Ojeniyi Fiyinfoluwa , P. Olabinrin Folasade , F. Olaoye Ige. , F. Ehigie Adeola
Published: August 2022

Mitochondrial membrane permeability pore opening is recognized as a molecular mechanism involved in programmed cell death. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of certain fractions crude aqueous extract of the root bark of Plumbago zeylanica (PZ) on the opening of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore in rat liver. Pore opening, mitochondrial ATPase activity, lipid peroxidation and liver function markers were assessed spectrophotometrically while caspase 9 activity and liver morphology were monitored by immunohistochemistry and histology respectively. All fractions of PZ induced pore opening and enhanced the activity of caspase-9. Significant increases were observed in the mitochondrial ATPase activity while the level of malondialdehyde was significantly reduced. Sinusoidal dilation and hypertrophy were observed in liver sections of treated rats. These results suggest that aqueous fractions of PZ have bioactive agents capable of altering mitochondrial bioenergetics and inducing the opening of MMPT pore with mild hepatotoxicity.
A Case Study on Evaluation of Socio-Economic Consequence of Climate Change in a Project Area in Bangladesh
Authors: Easmin Ferdowsi
Published: August 2022

There have been tremendous impacts of climate change on a rural area in their socioeconomic in terms of environmental events. Even though the agriculture sector has been adversely affected and decreased productivity due to climate change. Moreover, rural development and conservation policies have been influenced by climate change likewise natural disasters, migration, poverty, diseases, and food security. Thus, adopt the impact of climate change, stakeholders and experts suggest and develop various practices and solutions. Additionally, they develop integrated problem-solving action and adaptation strategies for the long term which can be directly related to the climate problems. 87 Upazila in 36 districts were selected on the basis of the largest surface areas where tuber crops were cultivated, strong and leading position as crop production. For evaluation the socio-economic condition of the project areas that affected by climate change, it was emphasized on three main point: demographic information of the participants, overall information about climate change, and the planning for climate change to investigate the socioeconomic condition of the project area affected by climate change impact. Poor education level hampered to gather knowledge and awareness about the climate change affects, mitigation and adaptation strategies. However, continue living same place would be a significant term in order to strengthen adaptation and mitigation actions. Both participants underline the common philosophies such as pattern of planning and organizational collaboration to deal with climate change impact which is related to political issues and environmental issues. The study highlights the integrated planning, pattern for crop production, river management for water resources needed to develop the socioeconomic condition of the project area.
Different Methods of Betalain Extraction from Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) for Preparation of Solid Food Colour and Preparation of Beetroot Leather
Authors: Parida Gayatri , Topno Samir Ebson , Bahadur Vijay
Published: August 2022

An experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the year 2021-2022. This experiment was conducted to assess the best extraction method for highest concentrated Betalain formulation. The best betalain extraction method was obtained from freezing – ground and squeezing method, which had highest betalain extract (530m/kg fresh beetroot) with pH 5.08. Altogether 11 treatments were taken for both betalain powder and beetroot leather preparation. Combination of Freezed-Betalain and 3g corn starch (T9) was found best for betalain powder prepration in terms of physio-chemical properties, pH and organoleptic test viz. color and appearance, texture and taste. The combination of beetroot pulp 860g + 1g salt + 1g citric acid + 200g sugar + 4g maltodextrin powder was best for preparation of beetroot leather in terms of physio-chemical properties and organoleptic taste. The powder and leather samples were stored both at ambient temperature (28 ± 5 °C) and refrigerated condition (5 ± 2 °C) for 60 days. Beetroot leather performed well under cold temperature than the room temperature and on the other, betalain powder performed better in room temperature. The maximum Benefit cost ratio (2.46) was found in T9 (Freezed Betalain + 3g corn starch).
Drought Stress in Sugarcane: In-vitro Mutagenesis and Selection of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Tolerant Callus Lines
Authors: Aji Athira , Gnanam R. , Meenakshisundaram P. , Kalarani M. K. , Appunu C.
Published: August 2022

Drought is one of the key abiotic factors causing a loss in sugarcane output, which is one of the world's thirstiest crops. A mutant sugarcane callus line was used to create an in vitro selection system for drought resistance. The objective of this study was to obtain putative sugarcane mutant callus lines that had been chemically altered with sodium azide at various concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%). These lines were subsequently screened using high molecular weight PEG 6000 as a selection agent at various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%).  The experiment demonstrated a decline in the proportion of live callus and sensitivity index with increasing mutation concentration and PEG dose, with little to no live callus at the maximum mutation and PEG concentration. Biochemical investigation of the survived callus for proline accumulation and salicylic acid content revealed an elevated level of up to 20 percent PEG and 1.0 percent mutagen, followed by a quick drop as PEG and mutagen concentrations increased. The findings can be used to create drought-tolerant sugarcane lines and putative mutants, as well as to screen them in vitro.
Comparative Efficacy of Certain Insecticides and Biopesticides against Chickpea Pod Borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on Chickpea, Cicer arietinum (L.)
Authors: Mohanty Suman , R. Tayde Anoorag
Published: August 2022

The experiment was conducted at the research plot of the Department of Agricultural Entomology at the Central Research Farm, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during the Rabi season of 2021-22. The treatments selected for this experiment were Emamectin benzoate 5%SG @0.4g/L (T1), Spinosad 45%SC @0.5ml/L (T2), Profenophos 50%EC @2ml/L (T3), Indoxacarb 14.5%SC @1ml/L (T4), Neem seed kernel extract 5% @5ml/L (T5), Karanja oil 0.2% @2ml/L (T6), Bacillus thuringiensis (1×109 CFU) @2ml/L (T7) and Control (T0). The treatments were sprayed 2 times on the pod borers having crossed their ETL levels at an interval of 15 days. Observations i.e. the larval counts (5 random plants/plot) were taken in an order of the day before spray, 3rd,7th, and 14th days after spray. The results revealed that the treatments (insecticides and biopesticides) were successful in bringing down the pest infestation and superior over control. Among all the treatments applied, the lowest infestation of gram pod borer was observed in Spinosad 45%SC followed by Emamectin benzoate 5%SG, Indoxacarb 14.5%SC significantly superior over untreated control. Spinosad 45% SC gave a maximum grain yield of 22.50 q/ha against the control yielding only up to 6.66 q/ha. At the same time, the benefit-cost ratios of the treatments stand like the best and most economical treatment Spinosad (1:3.75) followed by Emamectin benzoate (1:3.71), Indoxacarb (1:2.94), Profenophos (1:2.53), NSKE (1:2.19), Karanja oil (1:1.53), Bacillus thuringiensis (1:0.87) and control (1:0:67).
Influence of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) on Biochemical Properties of Inceptisol of Surguja District of Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Lakra Neet Upasana , Anurag . , Soni Priya , Bachkaiya Vinay , Choukse Rajesh , Tikariha Shraddha , Kumar Rahul
Published: August 2022

The present experiment entitled “Influence of Integrated nutrient management (INM) on biochemical properties of Inceptisol of Surguja District of Chhattisgarh, India” was conducted during 2021-22 at village Sonwahi, Dist. Surguja. experiment out in a RBD with seven treatments i.e. T1-control, T2-50% RDF, T3-100% RDF, T4-150% RDF, T5-100% RDF + 5t/ha FYM, T6-50% RDF + 5t/ha FYM, and T7-50% RDF + 1.5t/ha The pH and EC (dSm-1) of soil doesn’t show any significant effect with different INM treatments. SOC (5.69 g kg-1) nitrogen (220.36 kg ha-1) available phosphorus and available potassium (45.81 kg ha-1, 245.42 kg ha-1,) 50% RD Field experiment that INM technique significantly influenced the activity of soil enzyme viz. dehydrogenase (48.34 µg TPF 24 hr-1 g-1), urease (40.07 μg NH4+- N g-1 soil h-1), acid phosphatase (72.93 µg p-nitrophenol g-1            hr-1) and alkaline phosphatase (45.14 µg p-nitrophenol g-1 hr-1) in 100% RDF + 5t/ha FYM (T5). The maximum bacterial load (201.00 x 107 CFU g-1) and fungal load (19.20 x 104 CFU g-1) recorded under 100% RDF + 5t/ha FYM.
Diagnostic Efficacy of Cervical Lesions by Cytology and Colposcopy
Authors: Pacheco I. Hernández , Ledezma J. C. Ruvalcaba , Gómez M. Rivera , Vázquez J. Reynoso , Pontigo L. López , Rembao L. O. Aguirre , Verónica Sánchez Martínez Diana , Escalera A. Moya
Published: August 2022

Cervical cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of death in women worldwide. The highest incidence rates are found in developing countries; in Mexico, it represents one of the main causes of death in women, which is why it is a real public health problem.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic efficacy of low and high grade lesions in the cervix using colposcopy and cytology in women attending the medical services unit the of the State of Hidalgo.

Material and Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, observational epidemiological study was carried out in 243 women with complete information in the database who attended the cervical-uterine and qualitative cancer screening test from the ethnomethodology focused on the key informants' discourse.

Results: Out of 278, 243 subjects were selected for the analysis, of which 115 (47%) attended during 2012, 111 (46%) during 2013 and 17 (7%) during the months of January to May of the year 2014, with a minimum age of 19 years, a maximum age of 63, a mean of 41 and a standard deviation of 9.92 years, and in none of the cases differences were detected in general for the diagnosis of low- and high-grade injury. Currently the problem of non-unified codes for capturing information continues.

Conclusions: It is necessary to unify the information capture codes, since diversity was found in the codes used that denote information on each captured case. Currently, this problem continues regarding the information capture codes, which denotes difficulty and negative results operationally.
Effect of Long Term Fertilizer and FYM Application on Soil Fertility of a Vertisol under Soybean-wheat Cropping System
Authors: Inwati Devendra Kumar , Dixit B. K. , Thakur Risikesh , Dwivedi B. S. , Sharma Abhishek , Singh Vivek
Published: August 2022

The present studies were conducted under All India Coordinated Research Project on Long Term Fertilizer Experiment, which was commenced since, 1972. To assess the effect of 48 years (1972-73 to 2019-20) continuous application of inorganic fertilizers with or without organic manure i.e. FYM on soil fertility status of Vertisols under soybean-wheat cropping system. The results of the present study showed that the application of recommended dose of N, P and K (20:80:20 kg ha-1 to soybean and 120:80:40 kg ha-1 to wheat) with organic manure @ 5 t FYM ha-1 improved the status of available N, P and S but decline in available K. Further, the integrated use of fertilizers with organic manure enhanced the soil organic carbon contents (9.5 g kg-1) from its initial value (5.7 g ka-1). Conjoint use of FYM with 100% NPK substantially improved contribution towards sustaining the soil fertility. A declining trend (228 to 335 kg ha-1) from its initial value (370.0 kg ha-1) of available K status was also observed as a result of continuous application of fertilizer and manure; this indicates considerable mining of available K from the soil. However, the decline of K was of lower magnitude with 100% NPK + FYM and 150% NPK treatments indicating the need to raise the dose of K fertilizer application to meet the demand of crops. Further, soil available nutrients to be adversely affected due to the imbalanced use of nutrients viz., 100% NP or 100% N alone treatments. Thus, the balance use of fertilizers continuously either alone or in combination with organic manure is necessary for sustaining soil fertility and crop productivity.
CSR Engagement and Identification with the Moderating Effect of Social Capital and Construal Level
Authors: Lii Yuan-shuh , Ding May-Ching , Yang Alan Chin-Chien
Published: August 2022

Aims: Previous research has primarily focused on companies’ overall use of Facebook and message strategies on CSR-dedicated Facebook pages. The current research is developed to fill this gap in the literature. Specifically, we propose how the quantity of Facebook use (number of Facebook friends, time spent using Facebook) and motivations for accessing Facebook (making new friends, maintaining ties with current friends) relate to consumer engagement in CSR initiatives and consumer identification in both direct and moderating routes. Furthermore, the current research integrates and proposes multiple moderators under a theoretical framework of social capital and construal level theories.

Methods: A literature review integrated with theoretical background leads to propositions.

Conclusions: Given the fact that Facebook has grown to be the most popular social networking site (SNS), companies have begun to adopt the platform in their corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication. This research not only fills the literature gaps of CSR initiatives and moderators on SNS, Facebook in particular but also these propositions can provide more possibilities for companies to reconsider and redesign their CSR strategy and program via SNS.
Research on the Influence of COVID-19 on the Fluctuation of China Household Electrical Appliances’ Index in the Context of Economic Globalization
Authors: Jing-Xu Yang
Published: August 2022

In order to deal effectively with the impact of the COVID-19 on China’s domestic appliance industry in the context of economic globalization, by analyzing the upstream copper futures index（CFI）and the downstream household appliance Futures Price Index （HAFPI）from January, 2020 to October 2021, the degree of response to the COVID-19, to consider how to steadily promote the high quality development of China’s domestic appliance industry. A new COVID-19 public opinion index（POI）was constructed, which was used as the proxy variable of the COVID-19 situation, and the VAR model was established based on the CFI and HAFPI. These COVID-19 in the home appliances industry chain at different points in the product price refers to the large fluctuations, each link price fluctuations are different. The price fluctuation of the upstream raw material link is the biggest, and the price index of the downstream consumption environment fluctuates little. The general impact of COVID-19 on the production link of China’s household appliances industry is great, but the impact on the consumption link is not obvious, mainly because the production enterprises bear the increase of the upstream raw material cost, which leads to the decrease of their profits. In view of the problems existing in each link of household electrical appliances industry chain under the epidemic situation, this paper puts forward some suggestions on strengthening the prevention and control of epidemic disease, industry support, Futures lock-in of raw material prices and the construction of Logistics System.
Knowledge, Attitude and Utilization of HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis among Health-Care Workers in a Teaching Hospital in Enugu State, South East Nigeria
Authors: Paulinus Igweagu Chukwuma , Anthonia Ezugwu Uchechukwu , Joseph Egbumike Chukwuenyegom
Published: August 2022

Background: It is impossible to overstate the significance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Post-exposure Prophylaxis (HIV PEP), which has demonstrably reduced the risk of getting the fatal disease Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). It is crucial for the public health to understand the effects of an HIV infection in a health care worker (HCW). Because of the risks associated with their jobs, these HCWs are more likely to contract an infection.

Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and utilization of HIV PEP among health care workers in Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Parklane, Enugu State. 

Methodology: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The sample size was 204 HCWs and 200 questionnaires were returned for analysis. The sample was selected by stratified sampling technique. The data was analyzed using statistical packaged for social science (SPSS). 

Results: The study revealed that majority of the respondents were within the age range of 26-30and 31-35 years (24.5% each). Majority (65.6%) were married and most (44.0%) were nurses. About 89% have heard of HIV PEP. Almost forty-three percent (42.5%) have been accidentally exposed to needle stick injury before but only 39% reported. Even a less percentage (21%) went ahead to take PEP.

Conclusion: The study concluded that most of the correspondents were aware of HIV PEP but only a few deemed it necessary to practice what they know. Therefore, there is a great need for health education on the right approach to HIV PEP in this institution and the general population. This will go a long way to help reduce the incidence of HIV infection and improve the utilization of HIV PEP among HCWs in ESUTH.
Transcriptome Analysis of Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoites during in vivo Contact-independent Mediated Host-parasite Interaction: Putative Pathways Related to PCD
Authors: Ishiwara David Guillermo Pérez , Shibayama Mineko , Nakada-Tsukui Kumiko , Jeelani Ghulam , Gómez-García María del Consuelo , Flores Olivia Medel , Nozaki Tomoyoshi
Published: August 2022

Aim: In the present study, we exploited DNA microarray-based transcriptome analysis and showed overall changes in gene expression in vivo of amoebic trophozoites that interact with animal soluble factors using an intraperitoneal dialysis bag model to elucidate putative molecular pathways and genes involved in this interaction.

Study Design: We exploited DNA microarray-based transcriptome analysis.

Results: An analysis from a network including the interactions of up-regulated genes and their neighbors revealed the presence of 11 functionally related modules. Six of the modules obtained were related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions, such as degradation, stress, proteasome-ubiquitination, phosphorylation, lipid metabolism, and protein sorting. Furthermore, major transcriptional changes displayed by the parasite at the beginning of interaction were attributed to the response to the host defense. These data are consistent with the notion that the concerted expression of genes necessary for survival such as increment in protein synthesis, cytoskeleton rearrangement, vesicular traffic and genes involved in cell death including calcium imbalance and the ER signals associated with protein degradation (ERAD) is an overall landscape during the in vivo interaction between the amoebic trophozoites and animal soluble factors, and suggest that the ER stress is one of the main pathways leading to programmed cell death in E. histolytica.

Conclusion: The present findings on the global transcriptional changes displayed by the parasite at the early stages of interaction with host environments in peritoneal implantation indicate that a substantial proportion of concerted changes in gene expression in amoebic trophozoites are attributable to the parasite’s response for cell death signals due to ER stress. A detailed knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanism might suggest the efficient elimination of this parasite by promoting their death pathways.
Analytical and Numerical Studies of Transient Heat Transfer in Soil for Geothermal Systems
Authors: Kolani Yendouban , Aoukou Komlan Déla Donald , N’wuitcha Kokou , Banna Magolmèèna
Published: August 2022

The study of geothermal systems requires a good knowledge of heat transfers in the depth of the soil. The aim of this work is to study the distribution of temperature in the ground under the climatic conditions of Togo. The analytical and numerical solutions of unidirectional heat transfer equation assuming the soil as a semi-infinite medium are found. The analytical solution is validated by comparing the results of the present work to those found in literature. A good qualitative agreement between these results was noted. The results show that the attenuation depth decreases when the attenuation accuracy of the thermal wave increases. The analysis of the effect of moisture content indicates that the increasing in soil conductivity with moisture result in the decreasing of the attenuation depth. Soil temperature increases when increasing soil thermal diffusivity. It is found also that, soil temperatures decrease with depth and stabilize around an average value of 30°C for depths greater than about 5.8 m for all type of soil studied in the month of March which is the hottest month of the year in Togo. A gradual decrease in temperature can be seen from March to August (hot period) followed by stabilization at around 28°C with a depth of 5.8 m. The phenomenon is reversed for the months of September to February (cold period). The soil warms up slowly during the day and cools down slowly at night because of the thermal inertia of the soil. A decrease in amplitude of the thermal wave near ground surface, is observed when the Leaf Area Index (LAI) increases. However, ils influence on the stabilization depth is not very significant. Stabilization of soil temperatures in March month is observed at a depth of about 40 cm for all LAI with a value of 37°C.
EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL DE PESSOAS PORTADORAS DE NECESSIDADES ESPECIAIS
Authors: Miranda Theresinha Guimarães
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho procura fazer uma análise da situação atual da formação profissional das pessoas portadoras de deficiência, no que diz respeito aos novos paradigmas que orientam as políticas públicas dessa formação e a implementação adotada pelos órgãos executores da educação profissional. Trata, especificamente, da experiência com o PEQ/Ba – Plano Estadual de Qualificação Profissional da Bahia, abordando o programa desenvolvido com as pessoas portadoras de deficiência. Para analisar a implementação dessa política pública, procedeu-se a entrevistas com os atores responsáveis pela sua execução, discutindo as informações coletadas à luz dos documentos oficiais e dos princípios que norteiam o atendimento da pessoa com deficiência. Nesse sentido, percebe-se que os avanços apenas se iniciaram, pois, a cada momento, reiteram-se desafios antigos ou surgem novos, que certamente implicam intensificar a estratégia de discussão da educação profissional e de articulação das ações para tal finalidade. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Formação profissional, reabilitação profissional, políticas públicas, emprego, direitos civis. VOCATIONAL EDUCATION FOR THE DISABLED This objective of this paper is to analyze the present situation of the professional qualification of the disabled, bearing in mind the new paradigms that orient the public policies, as well as the implementation methods adopted by the bodies responsible for the professional education. It focuses on the experience with the PEQ-Ba – State Plan for Vocational Education in Bahia and deals with the program developed with the disabled. Interviews were performed with the actors responsible for carrying out the program, in order to analyze the public policy implementation. The information collected was discussed based on the official documents and principles that guide the attendance to people with disabilities. In this sense, it was felt that the advances have just started, for old challenges are constantly being reiterated or new ones have just arisen, which will certainly imply the intensification of the strategy of reviewing professional education and the articulation of actions having with this purpose. KEY-WORDS: Professional qualification, professional rehabilitation, public policies, employment, and civil rights. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
On the difficulties of characterizing weak protein interactions that are critical for neurotransmitter release
Authors: Rizo Josep , David Guillaume , Fealey Michael E. , Jaczynska Klaudia
Published: August 2022

The mechanism of neurotransmitter release has been extensively characterized, showing that vesicle fusion is mediated by the SNARE complex formed by syntaxin‐1, SNAP‐25 and synaptobrevin. This complex is disassembled by N‐ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF) and SNAPs to recycle the SNAREs, whereas Munc18‐1 and Munc13s organize SNARE complex assembly in an NSF‐SNAP‐resistant manner. Synaptotagmin‐1 acts as the Ca2+ sensor that triggers exocytosis in a tight interplay with the SNAREs and complexins. Here, we review technical aspects associated with investigation of protein interactions underlying these steps, which is hindered because the release machinery is assembled between two membranes and is highly dynamic. Moreover, weak interactions, which are difficult to characterize, play key roles in neurotransmitter release, for instance by lowering energy barriers that need to be overcome in this highly regulated process. We illustrate the crucial role that structural biology has played in uncovering mechanisms underlying neurotransmitter release, but also discuss the importance of considering the limitations of the techniques used, including lessons learned from research in our lab and others. In particular, we emphasize: (a) the promiscuity of some protein sequences, including membrane‐binding regions that can mediate irrelevant interactions with proteins in the absence of their native targets; (b) the need to ensure that weak interactions observed in crystal structures are biologically relevant; and (c) the limitations of isothermal titration calorimetry to analyze weak interactions. Finally, we stress that even studies that required re‐interpretation often helped to move the field forward by improving our understanding of the system and providing testable hypotheses.
Monte Carlo modeling of the Elekta Versa HD and patient dose calculation with EGSnrc/BEAMnrc
Authors: Paschal Holly M. (Parenica) , Kabat Christopher N. , Papaconstadopoulos Pavlos , Kirby Neil A. , Myers Pamela A. , Wagner Timothy D. , Stathakis Sotirios
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Numerous studies have proven the Monte Carlo method to be an accurate means of dose calculation. Although there are several commercial Monte Carlo treatment planning systems (TPSs), some clinics may not have access to these resources. We present a method for routine, independent patient dose calculations from treatment plans generated in a commercial TPS with our own Monte Carlo model using free, open‐source software.

Materials and methods

A model of the Elekta Versa HD linear accelerator was developed using the EGSnrc codes. A MATLAB script was created to take clinical patient plans and convert the DICOM RTP files into a format usable by EGSnrc. Ten patients’ treatment plans were exported from the Monaco TPS to be recalculated using EGSnrc. Treatment simulations were done in BEAMnrc, and doses were calculated using Source 21 in DOSXYZnrc. Results were compared to patient plans calculated in the Monaco TPS and evaluated in Verisoft with a gamma criterion of 3%/2 mm.

Results

Our Monte Carlo model was validated within 1%/1‐mm accuracy of measured percent depth doses and profiles. Gamma passing rates ranged from 82.1% to 99.8%, with 7 out of 10 plans having a gamma pass rate over 95%. Lung and prostate patients showed the best agreement with doses calculated in Monaco. All statistical uncertainties in DOSXYZnrc were less than 3.0%.

Conclusion

A Monte Carlo model for routine patient dose calculation was successfully developed and tested. This model allows users to directly recalculate DICOM RP files containing patients’ plans that have been exported from a commercial TPS.
Observer‐based active fault‐tolerant control for a class of pure‐feedback switched nonlinear systems
Authors: Wei Yingxin , Wang Lidong , Li Zhongfeng
Published: August 2022

An active fault‐tolerant control (FTC) strategy for a class of switched nonlinear systems in pure‐feedback form by using average dwell time method is investigated in this article. The unknown functions in the system are approximated directly by fuzzy logic systems. A fuzzy state observer is designed to estimate the unavailable states, based on which, a fault detection project is designed. In fault‐free case, all the signals in the closed‐loop system are proved to be bounded under the control of the designed input. The fault estimation and FTC projects will be activated after a fault has been detected. In addition, the active FTC is constructed in the framework of backstepping design technique. The proposed controller guarantee that all the closed‐loop signals remain bounded under a class of switching signals with average dwell time. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
AATOD disputes article citing methadone supply down
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2022

According to a study by RAND researchers published in JAMA Network Open July 26, the methadone supply was down during COVID‐19, while the buprenorphine supply was not. The article found that the per capita supply declined in the second quarter of 2020 and had not returned to 2019 levels by June 2021, while the per capita supply of buprenorphine increased. Researchers referred to this supply issue as another barrier to treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD).
Altering Thermal Transformation Pathway to Create Closed Pores in Coal‐Derived Hard Carbon and Boosting of Na+ Plateau Storage for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Battery and Sodium‐Ion Capacitor
Authors: Wang Kunfang , Sun Fei , Wang Hua , Wu Dongyang , Chao Yuxin , Gao Jihui , Zhao Guangbo
Published: August 2022

Coal features low‐cost and high carbon yield and is considered as a promising precursor for carbon anode of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and sodium‐ion capacitors (SICs). Regulation of microcrystalline state and pore configuration of coal structure during thermal transformation is key to boost Na+ storage behavior. Herein, a facile strategy is reported to create abundant closed pores in anthracite‐derived carbon that greatly improves Na+ plateau storage. An altered thermal transformation pathway of chemical activation followed by high‐temperature carbonization is adopted to achieve the conversion of open nanopores and ordered carbon crystallite into closed pores surrounded by short‐range carbon structures. The optimized sample delivers a large reversible capacity of 308 mAh g–1 that is dominantly contributed by the low‐voltage plateau process. Experimental results reveal the enhanced pore‐filling mechanism in the developed closed pores. Benefitting from the improved plateau behavior, the constructed SIB delivers a high‐energy density of 231.2 Wh kg–1 with an average voltage of 3.22 V; the assembled full‐carbon SIC shows high energy and power densities (101.8 Wh kg–1 and 2.9 kW kg–1). This work provides a universal thermal transformation approach for designing high‐performance carbon anode with closed porosity from low‐cost and highly aromatic precursors.
Micro‐Nano Porous Structure for Efficient Daytime Radiative Sky Cooling
Authors: Liu Junwei , Tang Huajie , Jiang Chongxu , Wu Shiqiang , Ye Long , Zhao Dongliang , Zhou Zhihua
Published: August 2022

With the aggravation of global warming and extreme weather, cooling demand has witnessed a continuous increase and is expected to increase tenfold by 2050. Radiative sky cooling (RSC) without any pollution and energy consumption has drawn worldwide attention in the past few years. Large‐scale and scalable porous cooling materials have greatly advanced the progress of this technology. Herein, a critical review on porous cooling materials with the goal of advancing their commercial applications is presented. The detailed design principles of daytime radiative cooling are first discussed to clarify the critical factors of porous structures for great cooling performance. What follows are detailed discussions on porous cooling materials from pore‐forming methods. Subsequently, the recent progress of the promising particle‐embedding porous structures, mainly including white and colorful coolers for various applications, is outlined. Additionally, some special cooling materials are highlighted to further broaden the applications of RSC technology. Last but not the least, the remaining open challenges and the insights are presented for the further advance of the commercialization progress.
Revealing the Evolution Processes of Excitons on High Energy Level in Anthracene‐Based OLEDs
Authors: Xiao Shu , Qiao Xianfeng , Lin Chengwei , Li Yuanzhao , Ying Shian , Qin Jianwen , Guo Runda , Wang Lei , Ma Yuguang , Ma Dongge
Published: August 2022

It is well‐known that the electrically generated excitons can perform the spin evolution between high‐lying excited states, providing an efficient way to utilize triplet excitons in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Anthracene families offer an opportunity to deeply investigate the processes of triplet excitons on high‐lying excited states in detail. Here, a simplified model is proposed to study the exciton dynamics in anthracene derivatives‐based devices. The mechanism on the processes of high‐energy level intersystem crossing in anthracene derivatives is well revealed by theoretical calculation, transient electroluminescence, transient photoluminescence, and transient absorption spectrum measurements. Besides, doping strategy is proposed to suppress the exciton loss channel for improving the efficiency of devices. The studies establish an in situ method to evaluate the apparent singlet exciton formation ratio in devices due to the exciton evolution between high‐lying excited states and offer some clues to further utilize these triplet excitons, thus improving the efficiency of the resulting fluorescence OLEDs in the future.
An Injectable Rapid‐Adhesion and Anti‐Swelling Adhesive Hydrogel for Hemostasis and Wound Sealing
Authors: Bian Shaoquan , Hao Liuzhi , Qiu Xin , Wu Jun , Chang Hao , Kuang Guan‐Ming , Zhang Sheng , Hu Xiaohua , Dai Yakang , Zhou Zhiyong , Huang Fangli , Liu Chun , Zou Xuenong , Liu Wenguang , Lu Willima W. , Pan Haobo , Zhao Xiaoli
Published: August 2022

Injectable hydrogel adhesives integrating both rapid adhesion to wet tissues and anti‐swelling in humid environments are highly desired for fast hemostasis and wound sealing in surgical applications. Herein, utilizing the synergistic effect of thermo‐sensitive shrinkable nano‐micelle gelators and small molecular adhesive moieties, an injectable hydrogel with rapid‐adhesion and anti‐swelling properties (RAAS hydrogel) is fabricated. The RAAS hydrogel can undergo ultrafast gelation to achieve wet adhesion within 2 s of ultraviolet illumination and exhibit an outstanding anti‐swelling performance with non‐expansion of volume during the whole degradation process. It also presents good biocompatibility and low risk of hemolysis. Its fast hemostasis is demonstrated in diverse hemorrhage models with injuries in the liver, artery, heart, cranial vessel, and brain cortex in small animals. Importantly, its volume stability in humid internal environment can maintain the strong adhesion strength and avoid compression injury to spinal cord when applied for dura sealing. These data suggest that the injectable RAAS hydrogel holds potential for the applications of fast hemostasis and wound sealing with the benefits of stable adhesion and reducing the risk of tissue compression injury.