bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of a proactive environmental strategy on environmentally sustainable practices in service firms: The moderating effect of information use value
Authors: Galbreath Jeremy , Chang Chia‐Yang , Tisch Daniel
Published: April 2023

Demonstration of environmental sustainability is increasingly seen as important to gaining legitimacy, consumer favour and competitive advantage for service firms. To explore this prospect further, we employed resource‐based theories to study the effect of a proactive environmental strategy (PES) on environmental practices. We argue that the relationship between a PES and environmental practices is positive yet contingent on the perceived importance of information. Using a sample of 2686 service firms from the third Taiwanese Technological Innovation Survey, we found that a PES was positively associated with environmental practices and that perceived external information value positively moderated the PES–environmental practices relationship while perceived internal information value had an insignificant interaction effect. Additional tests provide deeper insight into our predicted relationships. The study makes theoretical, empirical and managerial contributions.
Reply to “Where is the Macrocycle?” Correspondence on “Simultaneous Organic and Inorganic Host–guest Chemistry within Pillararene‐Protein Cage Frameworks”
Authors: Shaukat Ahmed , Anaya‐Plaza Eduardo , Kodiah Beyeh Ngong , Kostiainen Mauri A.
Published: April 2023

Our recent publication in Chem. Eur. J. 2022, 28, e202104341 has inspired Prof. Peter B. Crowley (P.C.) to write a Correspondence questioning the presented concept of electrostatic self‐assembly. The offered criticism is twofold: 1) the role of the cationic pillar[5]arene macrocycle to act as molecular glue in the formation of electrostatically driven protein assemblies is questioned by arguing that the pillararene is not incorporated into the frameworks. 2) Later, P.C. speculates that when the frameworks form, the role of electrostatic interactions is not firmly established and cation‐pi bonding is the more plausible interaction. In this response, the raised comments are addressed. We present direct experimental NMR evidence showing that the pillar[5]arene is incorporated into the frameworks. Furthermore, we discuss the electrostatic self‐assembly and our ferritin‐related research line more broadly and clarify the role of key experiments.
Cs2AgBiCl6: a Novel, High‐Efficient and Stable Visible‐Light Photocatalyst for Degradation of Organic Dyes
Authors: Guo Kai , Lin Pei , Wu Di , Shi Zhifeng , Chen Xu , Han Yanbing , Tian Yongtao , Li Xinjian
Published: April 2023

In the past decades, great efforts have been made to develop novel visible‐light photocatalysts to achieve high photocatalytic efficiency by utilizing visible light, the largest proportion of solar energy. As a new type of photocatalyst materials, all‐inorganic lead‐free halide double perovskites have begun to attract widespread interest. Herein, double perovskite Cs2AgBiCl6 was developed into a visible‐light photocatalyst for degrading organic dyes. Cs2AgBiCl6 was prepared by the hydrochloric acid precipitation and anti‐solvent recrystallization methods, respectively, and was used to degrade organic dyes under visible light. Samples prepared by the anti‐solvent recrystallization method are smaller than those prepared by the hydrochloric acid precipitation method, which can degrade 95.7 % of Sudan III in 10 min and show excellent photocatalytic activity. The cyclic experiments demonstrate that Cs2AgBiCl6 has a good cycle stability. Moreover, Cs2AgBiCl6‐AS also exhibits good photocatalytic degradation ability for Methyl red and Malachite green. These distinctive results indicate that Cs2AgBiCl6 may be a promising material for developing novel, high‐efficient and stable visible‐light photocatalysts.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Upscaling of 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid Synthesis and Investigation of the Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Lee Tae Woo , Lee Won Jung , Kim Young Sug , Do Taeyang , Choi Ji‐Eun , Han Young Kwang , Oh Chunrim , Lee Chi‐Wan , Yum Eul Kgun , Yang Jung Woon
Published: April 2023

An environmentally friendly oxidation system has proposed for the practical and scalable production of value‐added 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid from 1 kg of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural. The system is composed of a simple base, oxygen, and a green solvent, thereby providing a sustainable and economical approach to organic synthesis. To gain insight into the mechanism of this oxidation process, NMR spectroscopic analysis and kinetic study are used for the mechanistic investigation of this environmentally friendly oxidation process.
Comorbid obstructive sleep apnea is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in female patients with acute coronary syndrome complicating metabolic syndrome
Authors: Wang Bin , Liu Xiaogang , Hao Wen , Fan Jingyao , Que Bin , Ai Hui , Wang Xiao , Nie Shaoping
Published: April 2023

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are each increasingly common in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Whether OSA increases cardiovascular consequences in ACS patients with MetS has not been investigated.

Hypothesis

OSA increases cardiovascular risk in ACS patients with MetS. We aimed to examine the association between OSA and cardiovascular consequences in ACS patients with MetS.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, we consecutive recruited 2160 ACS patients who underwent portable sleep breathing monitoring. OSA is defined as an apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15 events/h. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemia‐driven revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure.

Results

A total of 1927 patients with ACS were enrolled. Among them, 1486 (77.1%) had MetS and 1014 (52.6%) had OSA. During 2.9 years of follow‐up, the cumulative incidence of MACCE was similar between OSA and non‐OSA groups in patients with MetS (21.9% vs. 17.9%, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.29 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99–1.67, p = .06) and patients without MetS (24.4% vs. 17.3%, adjusted HR = 1.21 95% CI: 0.73–2.03, p = .46). Patients with MetS and OSA had a significantly higher risk of MACCE than patients with MetS and without OSA in women (27.8% vs. 18.1%, adjusted HR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.01–3.09, p = .04) but not in men (21.0% vs. 17.9%, adjusted HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.91–1.59, p = .21).

Conclusions

In hospitalized ACS patients with MetS, comorbid OSA was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular consequences among women.
Cyclodextrin Polymers Functionalized with Histidine and Carcinine as Chelating Therapeutics for Copper Dyshomeostasis
Authors: Bognanni Noemi , Bellia Francesco , Vecchio Graziella
Published: April 2023

In recent years, cyclodextrin polymeric nanoparticles have been designed to introduce new properties and extend their medical applications. Based on the features of cyclodextrins, we derivatized cross‐linked cyclodextrin polymers with histidine or carcinine moieties. We found that amylases do not hydrolyze cyclodextrin polymers. The new polymers can form copper(II) complexes and may act as nanochelators to counteract copper(II) dyshomeostasis‐related diseases. Furthermore, the copper(II) complexes show superoxide dismutase activity, similar to free carcinine and histidine complexes. The antioxidant biological activity of the copper(II) complex formed in situ may protect cells from oxidative damage related to copper dyshomeostasis.
A novel prostate cancer subtyping classifier based on luminal and basal phenotypes
Authors: Weiner Adam B. , Liu Yang , Hakansson Alex , Zhao Xin , Proudfoot James A. , Ho Julian , Zhang JJ H. , Li Eric V. , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Den Robert B. , Kishan Amar U. , Reiter Robert E. , Hamid Anis A. , Ross Ashely E. , Tran Phuoc T. , Davicioni Elai , Spratt Daniel E. , Attard Gerhardt , Lotan Tamara L. , Lee Kiang Chua Melvin , Sweeney Christopher J. , Schaeffer Edward M.
Published: April 2023

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a clinically heterogeneous disease. The creation of an expression‐based subtyping model based on prostate‐specific biological processes was sought.

Methods

Unsupervised machine learning of gene expression profiles from prospectively collected primary prostate tumors (training, n = 32,000; evaluation, n = 68,547) was used to create a prostate subtyping classifier (PSC) based on basal versus luminal cell expression patterns and other gene signatures relevant to PCa biology. Subtype molecular pathways and clinical characteristics were explored in five other clinical cohorts.

Results

Clustering derived four subtypes: luminal differentiated (LD), luminal proliferating (LP), basal immune (BI), and basal neuroendocrine (BN). LP and LD tumors both had higher androgen receptor activity. LP tumors also had a higher expression of cell proliferation genes, MYC activity, and characteristics of homologous recombination deficiency. BI tumors possessed significant interferon γactivity and immune infiltration on immunohistochemistry. BN tumors were characterized by lower androgen receptor activity expression, lower immune infiltration, and enrichment with neuroendocrine expression patterns. Patients with LD tumors had less aggressive tumor characteristics and the longest time to metastasis after surgery. Only patients with BI tumors derived benefit from radiotherapy after surgery in terms of time to metastasis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01–0.71; n = 855). In a phase 3 trial that randomized patients with metastatic PCa to androgen deprivation with or without docetaxel (n = 108), only patients with LP tumors derived survival benefit from docetaxel (HR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.09–0.51).

Conclusions

With the use of expression profiles from over 100,000 tumors, a PSC was developed that identified four subtypes with distinct biological and clinical features.

Plain language summary

Prostate cancer can behave in an indolent or aggressive manner and vary in how it responds to certain treatments.

To differentiate prostate cancer on the basis of biological features, we developed a novel RNA signature by using data from over 100,000 prostate tumors—the largest data set of its kind.

This signature can inform patients and physicians on tumor aggressiveness and susceptibilities to treatments to help personalize cancer management.
Changing recommendations for lung cancer screening: National Lung Cancer Roundtable member perspectives
Authors: Eberth Jan M. , Gieske Michael R. , Silvestri Gerard A.
Published: April 2023

Although the revised (2021) US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations for lung cancer screening offer the opportunity to save more lives and reduce disparities, National Lung Cancer Roundtable members share a cautionary message about the challenges ahead. To facilitate high‐quality care for diverse populations, a patient‐centered approach is needed that incorporates high‐quality shared decision‐making, improved access to care and navigation, and more streamlined systems of care.
Aortic valve calcification and myocardial fibrosis determine outcome following transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Evertz Ruben , Hub Sebastian , Beuthner Bo Eric , Backhaus Sören J. , Lange Torben , Schulz Alexander , Toischer Karl , Seidler Tim , von Haehling Stephan , Puls Miriam , Kowallick Johannes T. , Zeisberg Elisabeth M. , Hasenfuß Gerd , Schuster Andreas
Published: April 2023

Aims

There is evidence to suggest that the subtype of aortic stenosis (AS), the degree of myocardial fibrosis (MF), and level of aortic valve calcification (AVC) are associated with adverse cardiac outcome in AS. Because little is known about their respective contribution, we sought to investigate their relative importance and interplay as well as their association with adverse cardiac events following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Methods and results

One hundred consecutive patients with severe AS and indication for TAVR were prospectively enrolled between January 2017 and October 2018. Patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography, multidetector computed tomography, and left ventricular endomyocardial biopsies at the time of TAVR. The final study cohort consisted of 92 patients with a completed study protocol, 39 (42.4%) of whom showed a normal ejection fraction (EF) high‐gradient (NEFHG) AS, 13 (14.1%) a low EF high‐gradient (LEFHG) AS, 25 (27.2%) a low EF low‐gradient (LEFLG) AS, and 15 (16.3%) a paradoxical low‐flow, low‐gradient (PLFLG) AS. The high‐gradient phenotypes (NEFHG and LEFHG) showed the largest amount of AVC (807 ± 421 and 813 ± 281 mm3, respectively) as compared with the low‐gradient phenotypes (LEFLG and PLFLG; 503 ± 326 and 555 ± 594 mm3, respectively, P < 0.05). Conversely, MF was most prevalent in low‐output phenotypes (LEFLG > LEFHG > PLFLG > NEFHG, P < 0.05). This was paralleled by a greater cardiovascular (CV) mortality within 600 days after TAVR (LEFLG 28% > PLFLG 26.7% > LEFHG 15.4% > NEFHG 2.5%; P = 0.023). In patients with a high MF burden, a higher AVC was associated with a lower mortality following TAVR (P = 0.045, hazard ratio 0.261, 95% confidence interval 0.07–0.97).

Conclusions

MF is associated with adverse CV outcome following TAVR, which is most prevalent in low EF situations. In the presence of large MF burden, patients with large AVC have better outcome following TAVR. Conversely, worse outcome in large MF and relatively little AVC may be explained by a relative prominence of an underlying cardiomyopathy. The better survival rates in large AVC patients following TAVR indicate TAVR induced relief of severe AS‐associated pressure overload with subsequently improved outcome.
Optimizing outcomes in heart failure: 2022 and beyond
Authors: Jankowska Ewa A. , Andersson Tomas , Kaiser‐Albers Claudia , Bozkurt Biykem , Chioncel Ovidiu , Coats Andrew J.S. , Hill Loreena , Koehler Friedrich , Lund Lars H. , McDonagh Theresa , Metra Marco , Mittmann Clemens , Mullens Wilfried , Siebert Uwe , Solomon Scott D. , Volterrani Maurizio , McMurray John J.V.
Published: April 2023

Although the development of therapies and tools for the improved management of heart failure (HF) continues apace, day‐to‐day management in clinical practice is often far from ideal. A Cardiovascular Round Table workshop was convened by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) to identify barriers to the optimal implementation of therapies and guidelines and to consider mitigation strategies to improve patient outcomes in the future. Key challenges identified included the complexity of HF itself and its treatment, financial constraints and the perception of HF treatments as costly, failure to meet the needs of patients, suboptimal outpatient management, and the fragmented nature of healthcare systems. It was discussed that ongoing initiatives may help to address some of these barriers, such as changes incorporated into the 2021 ESC HF guideline, ESC Heart Failure Association quality indicators, quality improvement registries (e.g. EuroHeart), new ESC guidelines for patients, and the universal definition of HF. Additional priority action points discussed to promote further improvements included revised definitions of HF ‘phenotypes’ based on trial data, the development of implementation strategies, improved affordability, greater regulator/payer involvement, increased patient education, further development of patient‐reported outcomes, better incorporation of guidelines into primary care systems, and targeted education for primary care practitioners. Finally, it was concluded that overarching changes are needed to improve current HF care models, such as the development of a standardized pathway, with a common adaptable digital backbone, decision‐making support, and data integration, to ensure that the model ‘learns’ as the management of HF continues to evolve.
Intraperitoneal transfer of wild‐type bone marrow repopulates tissue macrophages in the Csf1r knockout rat without contributing to monocytopoiesis
Authors: Sehgal Anuj , Carter‐Cusack Dylan , Keshvari Sahar , Patkar Omkar , Huang Stephen , Summers Kim M. , Hume David A. , Irvine Katharine M.
Published: April 2023

Homozygous null mutation of the Csf1r gene (Csf1rko) in rats leads to the loss of most tissue macrophage populations and pleiotropic impacts on postnatal growth and organ maturation, leading to early mortality. The phenotype can be reversed by intraperitoneal transfer of WT BM cells (BMT) at weaning. Here, we used a Csf1r‐mApple transgenic reporter to track the fate of donor‐derived cells. Following BMT into Csf1rko recipients, mApple+ve cells restored IBA1+ tissue macrophage populations in every tissue. However, monocytes, neutrophils, and B cells in the BM, blood, and lymphoid tissues remained of recipient (mApple−ve) origin. An mApple+ve cell population expanded in the peritoneal cavity and invaded locally in the mesentery, fat pads, omentum, and diaphragm. One week after BMT, distal organs contained foci of mApple+ve, IBA1−ve immature progenitors that appeared to proliferate, migrate, and differentiate locally. We conclude that rat BM contains progenitor cells that are able to restore, replace, and maintain all tissue macrophage populations in a Csf1rko rat directly without contributing to the BM progenitor or blood monocyte populations.
Carbohydrate metabolism enzymes and phenotypic characterization of diverse lines of the climate‐resilient food, feed, and bioenergy crop Camelina sativa
Authors: Stasnik Peter , Vollmann Johann , Großkinsky Dominik K. , Jonak Claudia
Published: April 2023

Climate change poses tremendous pressure on agriculture. Camelina sativa is an ancient, low‐input, high‐quality oilseed crop for food, feed and industrial applications that has retained its natural stress tolerance. Its climate resilience, adaptability to different growth conditions, and the qualities of its seed oil and cake have spurred the interest in camelina. However, due to a period of neglect it has not yet undergone intensive breeding and knowledge about this multi‐purpose crop is still limited. Metabolism is strongly associated with plant growth and development and little information is available on camelina primary carbohydrate metabolism. Here, eight camelina lines from different geographic and climatic regions were characterized for important growth parameters and agricultural traits. Furthermore, the activities of key enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism were analysed in leaves, seedpods, capsules, and developing seeds. The lines differed in shoot and leaf morphology, plant height, biomass formation as well as in seed yield and seed oil and protein content. Key carbohydrate metabolism enzymes showed specific activity signatures in leaves and reproductive organs during seed development, and different lines exhibited distinct enzyme activity patterns, providing a valuable basis for developing new physiological markers for camelina breeding programs.
On bootstrapping tests of equal forecast accuracy for nested models
Authors: Doko Tchatoka Firmin , Haque Qazi
Published: April 2023

The asymptotic distributions of the recursive out‐of‐sample forecast accuracy test statistics depend on stochastic integrals of Brownian motion when the models under comparison are nested. This often complicates their implementation in practice because the computation of their asymptotic critical values is burdensome. Hansen and Timmermann (2015, Econometrica) propose a Wald approximation of the commonly used recursive
‐statistic and provide a simple characterization of the exact density of its asymptotic distribution. However, this characterization holds only when the larger model has one extra predictor or the forecast errors are homoscedastic. No such closed‐form characterization is readily available when the nesting involves more than one predictor and heteroscedasticity or serial correlation is present. We first show through Monte Carlo experiments that both the recursive
‐test and its Wald approximation have poor finite‐sample properties, especially when the forecast horizon is greater than one and forecast errors exhibit serial correlation. We then propose a hybrid bootstrap method consisting of a moving block bootstrap and a residual‐based bootstrap for both statistics and establish its validity. Simulations show that the hybrid bootstrap has good finite‐sample performance, even in multi‐step ahead forecasts with more than one predictor, and with heteroscedastic or autocorrelated forecast errors. The bootstrap method is illustrated on forecasting core inflation and GDP growth.
Hardness, strength and abrasivity of rocks: Correlations and predictions
Authors: Kaspar Markus , Latal Christine , Pittino Gerhard , Blümel Manfred
Published: April 2023

Since ancient times, rocks and their geomechanical and mineralogical properties have played a fundamental role for realising construction and infrastructure projects. Workability and excavability of the material itself are still decisive factors controlling tool wear and advancement rates. In engineering geology, standardised tests and analyses related to the strength, hardness, abrasivity and mineralogical composition are commonly conducted in this context. The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), CERCHAR Abrasivity Index (CAI) and equivalent quartz content are widely used parameters for such an assessment, in order to estimate and predict drillability and associated wear of drill bits, cutting discs or chisels. In this article, the correlations between strength, abrasivity and mineral content of various rock types are investigated. The concept of hardness in geotechnics and engineering geology is elaborated in greater detail, shedding light on hardness definitions, testing methods and how hardness parameters are interrelated. Under the aspect that the CAI shows a good correlation with the Mohs hardness commonly used in mineralogy, a novel approach for estimating the CAI is presented. It is suggested that the CAI of a rock can be estimated within 50 % of the actual value, if its UCS exceeds »60 MPa. On the data basis of various rock types analysed from national and international construction projects, the potential and limitations of this method are discussed.
Innovativer Einsatz von Industrierobotern in einer teilautomatisierten Tübbingproduktion
Authors: Mayer Peter‐Michael , Wild Simon , Usel Kurt , Friedemann Wolf
Published: April 2023

In the construction industry, increased efforts are being made to automate production processes using industrial robots in order to increase efficiency, improve quality and optimize the use of materials. Tunnel construction is particularly suitable for the use of modern production methods, as the increased use of machines and the high repetition factor of the components used make it possible to scale production technology across project boundaries. This paper provides examples of current developments in segment production, in particular the use of industrial robots in the prefabrication of reinforcement cages and subsequent concreting. Necessary adaptations in segment design are pointed out when welded reinforcement is used, and conceivable further developments are shown. The medium‐term goal is a continuous IT‐based production control system that allows short‐term adjustments to segment production, logistics and subsequent installation in the tunnel.
Nant de Drance pumped storage power plant – Energy storage to prevent energy shortages
Authors: Bertholet François , Raderbauer Bernd , Wyss Alexander
Published: April 2023

The Nant de Drance hydropower plant in the canton of Valais is one of the Swiss energy industry's largest construction projects of recent years. The core component is the underground pumped storage power plant. This pumps water from the existing Emosson reservoir at 1930 m asl to the upper Vieux Emossen reservoir at 2225 m asl, where the surplus energy is stored. When demand exceeds supply, water is released to generate electricity. The head ranges from 290 to 395 m, depending on the water levels. The new power plant, which took 14 years to build, has a pump and turbine capacity of 900 MW.

The most important elements of the project were the access tunnel, pressure tunnels, vertical pressure shafts and underground machine and transformer halls, as well as the various access and service galleries, the intake and discharge structures with cofferdam, and the raising of the Vieux Emosson dam by 20 m. The ecologically sensitive use of resources is essential to ensure the success of a complex, high‐altitude construction project of this nature involving enormous quantities of material. Excavated rock, for example, has been processed on site to produce aggregate for concrete. In this case a high‐capacity aggregate production plant was installed on site to process the excavated material required for on‐site concrete production. This created a closed‐loop materials cycle which enabled the construction site to be self‐sufficient in terms of concrete production.

The challenges of using excavated tunnel material as a resource are enormous.
Fast and accurate recurrent event analysis for genome‐wide association studies
Authors: Hof Jasper P. , Vermeulen Sita H. , Coolen Anthony C. C. , Galesloot Tessel E.
Published: April 2023

Many diseases recur after recovery, for example, recurrences in cancer and infections. However, research is often focused on analysing only time‐to‐first recurrence, thereby ignoring any subsequent recurrences that may occur after the first. Statistical models for the analysis of recurrent events are available, of which the extended Cox proportional hazards frailty model is the current state‐of‐the‐art. However, this model is too statistically complex for computationally efficient application in high‐dimensional data sets, including genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). Here, we develop an application for fast and accurate recurrent event analysis in GWAS, called SPARE (SaddlePoint Approximation for Recurrent Event analysis). In SPARE, every DNA variant is tested for association with recurrence risk using a modified score statistic. A saddlepoint approximation is implemented to achieve statistical accuracy. SPARE controls the Type I error, and its statistical power is similar to existing recurrent event models, yet SPARE is significantly faster. An application of SPARE in a recurrent event GWAS on bladder cancer for 6.2 million DNA variants in 1,443 individuals required less than 15 min, whereas existing recurrent event methods would require several weeks.
Synthesis and characterization of new homologue multinary selenides, M2Sb5Bi5Se17 (M = Sn, Pb)
Authors: Xiao Wan‐Zhen , Yang Chia‐Wei , Lee Chi‐Shen
Published: April 2023

New quaternary selenides M2Sb5Bi5Se17 (M = Sn, Pb) were synthesized using solid‐state sintering reactions that crystallize in the monoclinic system with C2/m (No. 12) space group with lattice parameters a = 27.914(7) Å, b = 4.0804(11) Å, c = 15.512(4) Å, and β = 114.881(9)° for M = Sn, and a = 27.987(3) Å, b = 4.1062(5) Å, c = 15.6372(19) Å, and β = 115.318(3)° for M = Pb, respectively. The crystal structure is related to a homologous series [A+22x−4B+34 Se−22x−2][B+32y−2Se−23y−3] with (x, y) = (3, 4) that contains building units of two‐dimensional slabs of NaCl111‐type [Sb2Bi4Se11] separated by 1D ribbons NaCl100‐type [Pb2Sb3BiSe6]. The NaCl111 unit contains edge‐shared octahedra filled with Sb3+ and Bi3+ cations, which are parallel and overlapped to form a step‐layer 2D network stacking alone [001]. The NaCl100 type ribbons containing Pb2+ and Sb3+ in square or trigonal pyramidal environments with the general formula [M6Se6] filled in the space between 2D layers of NaCl111 units. The conductivity measurement revealed semiconducting property with band gaps of ~0.1 eV. Pb2Sb5Bi5Se17 exhibits low thermal conductivity 3,000 μW cm−1 K−1 in a temperature range of 300–480 K.
Model‐Based Investigation of Inadequate Efficacy of Tesnatilimab, an Anti–Natural Killer Group 2 Member D Monoclonal Antibody, in Moderately to Severely Active Crohn Disease
Authors: Zhou Jie , Xu Yan , Chen Yang , Shao Jie , Su Yaming , Xu Zhenhua , Zhou Honghui , O'Brien Christopher
Published: April 2023

Tesnatilimab is a human immunoglobulin G4 isotype monoclonal antibody that blocks the natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) receptor and prevents the downstream signaling of proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic mediators. Subcutaneous tesnatilimab was investigated in a phase 2 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in patients with moderately to severely active Crohn disease (CD). While the proof‐of‐concept part I of the study demonstrated significant treatment effects, part II (dose‐ranging) revealed an unexpected lack of dose‐response and a modest degree of clinical benefit for treatment groups. To inform further drug development, population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modeling and exposure‐response (E‐R) analyses were planned and performed. A 1‐compartment PopPK model with first‐order absorption and parallel linear and nonlinear elimination pathways was established for tesnatilimab in patients with CD. No clinically significant covariates were identified, and overall consistent pharmacokinetics were observed between part I and part II patients. Receptor occupancy data suggested full occupancy of the peripheral blood natural killer group 2 member D receptors and target engagement at all tested dose levels. Pooled part I and part II data showed a positive efficacy E‐R relationship; however, this was driven by data from part I. Part II–only analysis did not show an apparent efficacy E‐R relationship. No important covariates were identified in efficacy E‐R analyses, overall, and in various subpopulations. No apparent E‐R relationships were observed for the investigated safety end points. The PopPK and E‐R analyses indicated that the inadequate efficacy of tesnatilimab in CD was unlikely due to insufficient drug exposure and target engagement.
Direct electrical stimulation impacts on neuromuscular junction morphology on both stimulated and unstimulated contralateral soleus
Authors: Lee Young il , Cacciani Nicola , Wen Ya , Zhang Xiang , Hedström Yvette , Thompson Wesley , Larsson Lars
Published: April 2023

Background

There is increasing evidence of crosstalk between organs. The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a peripheral chemical synapse whose function and morphology are sensitive to acetylcholine (ACh) release and muscle depolarization. In an attempt to improve our understanding of NMJ plasticity and muscle crosstalk, the effects of unilateral direct electrical stimulation of a hindlimb muscle on the NMJ were investigated in rats exposed long‐term post‐synaptic neuromuscular blockade.

Methods

Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to post‐synaptic blockade of neuromuscular transmission by systemic administration of α‐cobrotoxin and mechanically ventilated for up to 8 days and compared with untreated sham operated controls and animals exposed to unilateral chronic electrical stimulation 12 h/day for 5 or 8 days.

Results

NMJs produced axonal and glial sprouts (growth of processes that extend beyond the confines of the synapse defined by high‐density aggregates of acetylcholine receptors [AChRs]) in response to post‐synaptic neuromuscular blockade, but less than reported after peripheral denervation or pre‐synaptic blockade. Direct electrical soleus muscle stimulation reduced the terminal Schwann cell (tSC) and axonal sprouting in both stimulated and non‐stimulated contralateral soleus. Eight days chronic stimulation reduced (P < 0.001) the number of tSC sprouts on stimulated and non‐stimulated soleus from 6.7 ± 0.5 and 6.9 ± 0.5 sprouts per NMJ, respectively, compared with 10.3 ± 0.9 tSC per NMJ (P < 0.001) in non‐stimulated soleus from rats immobilized for 8 days. A similar reduction of axonal sprouts (P < 0.001) was observed in stimulated and non‐stimulated contralateral soleus in response to chronic electrical stimulation. RNAseq‐based gene expression analyses confirmed a restoring effect on both stimulated and unstimulated contralateral muscle. The cross‐over effect was paralleled by increased cytokine/chemokine levels in stimulated and contralateral unstimulated muscle as well as in plasma.

Conclusions

Motor axon terminals and terminal Schwann cells at NMJs of rats subjected to post‐synaptic neuromuscular blockade exhibited sprouting responses. These axonal and glial responses were likely dampened by a muscle‐derived myokines released in an activity‐dependent manner with both local and systemic effects.
Characteristics of the tropical cyclones before making landfall in China
Authors: Xiaohao Qin , Jiawei Yao , Junya Hu , Chunxiang Li
Published: April 2023

Tropical cyclones (TCs) before landfall deserve great concerns, which directly affect the following forecasts and alarm‐issuing. In 1949–2021, nearly 29% of the total number of TCs that originated over the western North Pacific (WNP) and the South China Sea (SCS) made landfall in China. Of them, those from the WNP display a significantly lower (higher) ratio of making landfall over China (south China) in (the second year after) El Niño years. At 48 h before landfall, the TC centers display significant inter‐annual variations in zonal direction, but only those from the WNP additionally show significant inter‐decadal variations in meridional direction, which are probably attributed to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the large‐scale environment from both the ocean and the atmosphere. Once they move into a distance of ~660 km (~900 km) away from the south and southeast (east) coastlines of China, the probability of making landfall in the subsequent 24 h is increasing. In the 3 days before landfall, TCs show decreasing (increasing) uncertainty in translation speed (moving direction) as they moved close to the land, which is regardless of either the origination or the destination. In general, a moving direction of west‐northwestward dominates the majority of TCs if they originated from the WNP, which exhibits a clockwise rotation trend and tends to move faster as they approached the land. In comparison, those TCs originated from and stayed over the SCS show the largest uncertainty of moving direction and the most frequent abnormal tracks. For intensity (maximum wind speed), those originated from the WNP are generally stronger than those from the SCS. Their intensities vary in a range of −5 m s−1 to 5 m s−1 in each connective 6 h in the 3 days before landfall, of which the TCs made landfall in the east China display the largest uncertainty. In particular, great attention should be paid to the TCs originating from the WNP and approaching the southeast China in the future, in which the rapid intensification occurred with the most frequency but with a significantly lower occurrence in the second year after the El Niño years in the period investigated.
Black garlic melanoidins inhibit in vitro α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase activity: the role of high‐molecular‐weight fluorescent compounds
Authors: Wu Jianfu , Wang Yijin , Li Shunqin , Wu Tao , Liu Rui , Sui Wenjie , Zhang Min
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Black garlic (Allium sativum L.) melanoidins (MLDs) are produced by Maillard reaction under high temperature and high humidity, and has a variety of biological activities. The aim of this study was to analyze the structural characteristics and investigate α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase in vitro inhibitory activity of black garlic MLDs.

RESULTS

Spectroscopic and chemical analysis revealed that black garlic MLDs were heterogeneous macromolecular polymers with a skeletal structure similar to sugar chains. Molecular weight distribution and 3DEEM fluorescence showed that black garlic MLDs were composed of high‐molecular‐weight colorants with strong fluorescence properties. The polarity of black garlic MLDs was related to the fluorescence groups. The results of physicochemical properties proved that the polarity difference of black garlic MLDs was related to the elemental composition, resulting in differences in fluorescence, thermodynamic and apparent characteristics. MLDs with higher levels of fluorescent intensity (BG20 and BG40) had stronger inhibitory effects on α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase than BGW, and hydrolysis of fluorescent groups attenuated the inhibitory activity. The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of black garlic MLDs against enzymes was positively correlated with the concentration, and the kinetic results detected non‐competitive and mixed types of inhibition.

CONCLUSION

High‐molecular‐weight fluorescent components of black garlic MLDs played a crucial role in the inhibitory activities of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase, and the inhibitory ability was positively correlated with concentration. Black garlic MLDs had the potential to block postprandial glucose rise. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Understanding Photomechanical Behavior of Liquid Crystalline‐Based Actuators
Authors: Lall Jasleen , Zappe Hans
Published: April 2023

Liquid crystalline‐based actuators containing azobenzene photoswitches have been used to demonstrate light‐responsive motion in soft actuator systems. Understanding the mechanical performance of these light‐responsive actuators as a function of the polymer chemistry as well as the nature and concentration of the photoswitches is crucial for developing advanced applications. A systematic study is presented here that clarifies the role of azobenzene photoswitches and the liquid crystalline networks in generating the desired photomechanical performance. Through measurement of photo stimulated mechanical behavior, in particular generated force and strain, a generalized set of guidelines concerning the appropriate subset of polymer chemistry and photoswitches required to achieve the desired performance for actuator design is derived.
Effect of perceived economic mobility and income on charitable behavior
Authors: Zhao Yujie , Sui Jiarui , Zhou Xinyue
Published: April 2023

Despite the prevalence of declining economic mobility and its behavioral consequences, economic mobility has received surprisingly little attention in the marketing literature. Based on research showing that reducing social vigilance leads to more charitable behavior, we propose that higher (vs. lower) perceived economic mobility promotes more charitable behavior of lower‐income (vs. higher‐income) consumers by reducing their social vigilance. Four studies with multimethods provide converging evidence for these predictions. Furthermore, we show that reduced social vigilance mediates this effect, and we rule out the potential alternative explanations (i.e., current mood and sense of control). These results enhance our understanding of economic mobility and provide implications for nonprofit organizations to raise donations.
Flexible Ink‐Jet Printed Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes using a Self‐Hosted Non‐Conjugated TADF Polymer
Authors: Cole Cameron M. , Kunz Susanna V. , Baumann Thomas , Blinco James P. , Sonar Prashant , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Yambem Soniya D.
Published: April 2023

Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters have become the leading emissive materials for highly efficient organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The deposition of these materials in scalable and cost‐effective ways is paramount when looking toward the future of OLED applications. Herein, a simple OLED with fully solution‐processed organic layers is introduced, where the TADF emissive layer is ink‐jet printed. The TADF polymer has electron and hole conductive side chains, simplifying the fabrication process by removing the need for additional host materials. The OLED has a peak emission of 502 nm and a maximum luminance of close to 9600 cd m−2. The self‐hosted TADF polymer is also demonstrated in a flexible OLED, reaching a maximum luminance of over 2000 cd m−2. These results demonstrate the potential applications of this self‐hosted TADF polymer in flexible ink‐jet printed OLEDs and, therefore, for a more scalable fabrication process.
Nanotechnology connecting copper metabolism and tumor therapy
Authors: Li Yongjuan , Dong Ya , Zhou Xinyao , Fan Kelong
Published: April 2023

Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element in the human body that is involved in the formation of several natural enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and cyclooxygenase. Due to the high density of the outer electron cloud of Cu, which allows the transfer of multiple electrons, Cu is often used as the catalytic center in various metabolic enzymes. However, both deficiency and excessive accumulation of Cu can result in irreversible damage to cells. Therefore, strategies to regulate Cu metabolism, such as Cu exhaustion and Cu supplementation, have emerged as attractive approaches in anticancer therapy, due to the potential damages caused by Cu metabolism disorders. Notably, recent advancements in nanotechnology have enabled the development of nanomaterials that can regulate Cu metabolism, making this therapy applicable in vivo. In this review, we provide a systematic discussion of the physical and chemical properties of Cu and summarize the applications of nanotechnology in Cu metabolism‐based antitumor therapy. Finally, we outline the future directions and challenges of nano‐Cu therapy, emphasizing the scientific problems and technical bottlenecks that need to be addressed for successful clinical translation.
Lie symmetry approach to study the impact of a bulge on hemodynamics in an elastic‐compliant artery
Authors: Jadaun Vishakha
Published: April 2023

Fluid mechanics and the transport of blood gases play an important role in understanding how constitutive relations of the arterial system contribute to human functioning within physiological limits. Assuming the hemodynamic system as a finite dissipative system, the nonlinear evolution equation is perused to understand dynamical challenges under physiological conditions. The infinitesimal component of the vessel wall with concentric thickening in tunica media is considered a nonaxisymmetric bulge in an elastic‐compliant artery. Using the Lie group of transformations method, the implications of traveling wave solutions to describe its impact on hemodynamic flow in an elastic‐compliant artery are discussed. The cumulative accretion of potential energy contributes to the creation of bright soliton at the apex of the bulge.
Application of new general fractional‐order derivative with Rabotnov fractional–exponential kernel to viscous fluid in a porous medium with magnetic field
Authors: Khan Dolat , Kumam Poom , Watthayu Wiboonsak , Sitthithakerngkiet Kanokwan , Almusawa Musawa Yahya
Published: April 2023

The main objective is to apply the concept of newly developed idea of the fractional‐order derivative of the Rabotnov fractional–exponential function in fluid dynamics. In this article, a newly developed idea of the fractional‐order derivative of the Rabotnov fractional–exponential function and the nonsingular kernel has been applied to study viscous fluid flow in the presence of an applied magnetic field. The flow is considered over an infinite vertical plate moving with arbitrary velocity. The modeled problem is transformed into a nondimensional form via dimensionless analysis, and then the Laplace transform method is applied for the solution of the problem. Due to the complexity in Laplace inversion, a strong numerical inversion procedure, namely, Zakian's algorithm, has been used, and the results are computed in various plots and tables. The corresponding discussion of results is included in detail. It is concluded that the generalized fractional‐order derivative is accurate and efficient for describing general fractional‐order dynamics in complex and power law phenomena.
NKT cells contribute to alleviating lung metastasis in adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Feng Ge‐xuan , Zhou Meng‐jiao , Cao Lin , Ma Ting‐yao , Wang Xue‐lian , Gao Ran , Chen Xiao‐hong , Kong Lu
Published: April 2023

Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) with a unique MYB‐NFIB fusion has been considered an “immune‐cold” tumor, but the mechanisms behind this remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the immune status of 29 SACC patients and found that most lung metastases exhibited an immunoinflammatory state, in contrast to the primary SACC tissues. Single‐cell sequencing data showed that anergic T‐cell types were low in primary inflammatory tissues, while inflammatory metastatic lung tissues had elevated levels of anergic CD8+ natural killer T (NKT)‐like cells and low levels of memory T cells. Primary exclusive tissues had high levels of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and low levels of activated CD8+ NKT‐like cells. These data support the fact that metastatic SACC cells might induce a stronger immune response in the lung. Additionally, an in vivo experiment showed that a minimally invasive SACC cell line with higher expression of human leukocyte antigens ‐B and ‐C induced NKT cell activation in mice and effectively attenuated the incidence of lung metastases caused by a highly invasive SACC cell line. This suggests that NKT therapy may be active in treating SACC lung metastasis. Conclusively, this study sheds light on the immune microenvironment of SACC and highlights the potential of NKT‐based therapy.
High resolution imaging with focused kV x‐rays for small animal radio‐neuromodulation
Authors: Shi Linxi , Bennett N. Robert , Nguyen Eric , MacDonald Carolyn , Wang Adam , Liu Wu
Published: April 2023

Background

High precision radiotherapy with small irradiator size has potential in many treatment applications involving small shallow targets, with small animal radio‐neuromodulation as an intriguing example. A focused kV technique based on novel usage of polycapillary x‐ray lenses can focus x‐ray beams to <0.2 mm in diameter, which is ideal for such uses.

Purpose

Such an application also requires high resolution CT images for treatment planning and setup. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of using a virtual focal spot generated with an x‐ray lens to perform high‐resolution CBCT acquisition.

Method

The experiment with x‐ray lens was set up on an x‐ray tabletop system to generate a virtual focal spot. The flood field images with and without the x‐ray lens were first compared. A pinhole image was acquired for the virtual focal spot and compared with the one acquired with the conventional focal spot without the lens. The planar imaging resolution with and without the lens were evaluated using a line pair resolution phantom. The spatial resolution of the two settings were estimated by reconstructing a 0.15‐mm wire phantom and comparing its full width half maximum (FWHM). A CBCT scan of a rodent head was also acquired to further demonstrate the improved resolution using the x‐ray lens.

Result

The proposed imaging setup with x‐ray lens had a limited exposure area of 5 cm by 5 cm on the detector, which was suitable for guiding radio‐neuromodulation to a small target in rodent brain. Compared to conventional imaging acquisition with a measured x‐ray focal spot of 0.395 mm FWHM, the virtual focal spot size was measured at 0.175 mm. The reduction in focal spot size with lens leads to an almost doubled planar imaging resolution and a 26% enhancement in 3D spatial resolution. A realistic CBCT acquisition of a rodent head mimicked the imaging acquisition step for radio‐neuromodulation and further showed the improved visualization for fine structures.

Conclusion

This work demonstrated that the focused kV x‐ray technique was capable of generating small focal spot size of <0.2 mm, which substantially improved x‐ray imaging resolution for small animal imaging.