bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yessotoxin production and aerosolization during the unprecedented red tide of 2020 in southern California
Authors: Ternon Eva , Carter Melissa L. , Cancelada Lucia , Lampe Robert H. , Allen Andrew E. , Anderson Clarissa R. , Prather Kimberly A. , Gerwick William H.
Published: December 2023

An April–May 2020 bloom of the red tide microalga Lingulodinium polyedra developed to an unprecedented size, extending from northern Baja California to the Santa Barbara Channel. The L. polyedra strain is native to coastal California and is known to produce low levels of a toxic di-sulfated polyether named yessotoxin (YTX). In order to assess the evolution of the YTX content throughout the bloom and its transfer to water and aerosols, the concentration of YTX analogs was measured in the particulate and the dissolved organic matter of the sea surface water as well as in onshore sea spray aerosols. The YTX cell content was characteristic of Californian strains of L. polyedra. A lower production of YTX analogs by the cells at the peak of the bloom was detected, yielding total YTX content (particulate + dissolved) ranging from below the detection limit to 6.89 ng L−1 at that time. Yessotoxin and homo-yessotoxin were detected in sea spray aerosol measured onshore (from below detection limit to 20.67 ± 8.37 pg m−3), constituting the first detection of YTX analogs in coastal aerosols. The aerosolized YTX did not correlate with the seawater content but rather with westerly winds and higher tides. The presence of YTX in aerosols motivates further investigation into potential correlations with adverse effects in humans.
Extracellular vesicles and co‐isolated endogenous retroviruses from murine cancer cells differentially affect dendritic cells
Authors: Cocozza Federico , Martin‐Jaular Lorena , Lippens Lien , Di Cicco Aurelie , Arribas Yago A , Ansart Nicolas , Dingli Florent , Richard Michael , Merle Louise , Jouve San Roman Mabel , Poullet Patrick , Loew Damarys , Lévy Daniel , Hendrix An , Kassiotis George , Joliot Alain , Tkach Mercedes , Théry Clotilde
Published: December 2023

Cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non‐vesicular extracellular (nano)particles (NVEPs or ENPs) that may play a role in intercellular communication. Tumor‐derived EVs have been proposed to induce immune priming of antigen presenting cells or to be immuno‐suppressive agents. We suspect that such disparate functions are due to variable compositions in EV subtypes and ENPs. We aimed to characterize the array of secreted EVs and ENPs of murine tumor cell lines. Unexpectedly, we identified virus‐like particles (VLPs) from endogenous murine leukemia virus in preparations of EVs produced by many tumor cells. We established a protocol to separate small EVs from VLPs and ENPs. We compared their protein composition and analyzed their functional interaction with target dendritic cells. ENPs were poorly captured and did not affect dendritic cells. Small EVs specifically induced dendritic cell death. A mixed large/dense EV/VLP preparation was most efficient to induce dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation. Our results call for systematic re‐evaluation of the respective proportions and functions of non‐viral EVs and VLPs produced by murine tumors and their contribution to tumor progression.
NORBERTO BOBBIO CONTRIBUTIONS AND THEORY OF GAMES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PUBLIC POLICY
Authors: Regus Carlos , Pauly Evaldo Luis
Published: December 2023

This article was organized as a final activity of the discipline Public Policy for Children and Youth of a Master's Program in Education and aims to identify principles or values that we consider as necessary conditions for the development of public policies in the republican regime. The study also promotes a brief discussion involving the dimensions of the terms ethical, political and moral. As a result, it identifies four principles or values that would be necessary for the preparation of public policy in the mentioned regime.
LA EDUCACIÓN PATRIMONIAL EN LOS MUSEOS INDUSTRIALES ESPAÑOLES: ESTADO DE LA CUESTIÓN Y PROPUESTAS PARA SU DESARROLLO Y EVALUACIÓN
Authors: Méndez Andrés Ramón
Published: December 2023

En el contexto de la educación integral y permanente los museos son considerados como una institución educativa y por ello se esfuerzan en ofrecer programas y actividades con una intención educativa. Aunque es habitual referirse a estas acciones como educación patrimonial, tenemos que señalar que educación y patrimonio es un binomio que no siempre se conjuga como educación patrimonial. Analizamos el caso concreto de los museos industriales y proponemos estrategias y contenidos para construir programas de educación patrimonial aprovechando los valores específicos de universalidad, memoria social e interdisciplinariedad de este conjunto patrimonial. Finalmente proponemos una plantilla para la evaluación cualitativa de las actividades realizadas con grupos escolares.
INTRODUCCIÓN AL ÁLGEBRA EN EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL: UN ITINERARIO DIDÁCTICO PARA LA ENSEÑANZA DE LOS PATRONES
Authors: Alsina Angel , Giralt Ione
Published: December 2023

En este artículo se presenta un itinerario didáctico para la enseñanza de los patrones en Educación Infantil. En primer lugar se argumenta la incorporación de estos conocimientos algebraicos en el currículo por su relevante papel en el desarrollo de la inteligencia de los alumnos; en segundo lugar se exponen los principales contenidos, que se refieren al reconocimiento y a la generación de patrones de repetición y de crecimiento; en tercer lugar se presenta un itinerario didáctico que considera diferentes contextos de enseñanza: situaciones de vida cotidiana, materiales manipulativos, juegos, recursos populares (cuentos y canciones) y recursos digitales. Finalmente, con base en este itinerario, se presentan algunas propuestas implementadas en aulas de Educación Infantil para trabajar los patrones.
APPLE PROJECT (APP LEARNING EVALUATION): PRIMEROS RESULTADOS DE UN ESTUDIO HECHO EN LA CIUDADELA IBÉRICA DE CALAFELL
Authors: Asensio Mikel , Santacana Joan , Pol Elena
Published: December 2023

El capítulo se centra en revisar la situación de la evaluación de apps de aprendizaje informal en el ámbito de los museos y el patrimonio. Se comparan los diferentes medios de evaluación y las herramientas habitualmente empleadas, así como los criterios generales de análisis. Se presenta el diseño general del proyecto MINECO: EDU2014-52675-R, y se presentan cada uno de los 13 estudios realizados. A continuación, se revisa en profundidad uno de dichos estudios, la app de la visita a la ciudadela ibérica de Calafell. Se diseñó una tarea original de auto-informe con varios tipos de preguntas abiertas y de escalamiento Likert, sobre un amplio conjunto de criterios de análisis. Se llevó al yacimiento a un grupo de profesores y alumnado de secundaria que realizaron una visita con la aplicación. La evaluación in situ mostró un conjunto de problemas técnicos que están actualmente en vías de resolución. Los resultados de auto-informe muestran unas valoraciones positivas sostenidas y altas para la mayoría de los criterios. Los usuarios mostraron un alto nivel de satisfacción con factores como la propia aplicación, su usabilidad, su capacidad de apoyo a la interpretación y su potencial educativo. Además, mostraron una valoración muy positiva del yacimiento y de las reconstrucciones efectuadas, reconociendo explícitamente su utilidad en la comprensión global del poblado y del periodo histórico. Finalmente, se discuten algunas tendencias generales de la evaluación realizada y el proceso de diseño de las aplicaciones, mostrando que necesidad de tener en cuenta adecuaciones didácticas, ergonómicas, museológicas y de gestión, y el papel que pueden jugar los distintos tipos de evaluación en cada una de las fases.
LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA HISTORIA A TRAVÉS DE LA NOVELA GRÁFICA: UNA ESTRATEGIA DE APRENDIZAJE EMERGENTE
Authors: Saitua Iker
Published: December 2023

El presente artículo tiene por objeto hacer una breve revisión teórica de los estudios que se ocupan del potencial didáctico de la novela gráfica para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la historia. Para ello, primero se estudia la evolución de las investigaciones más relevantes sobre el valor educativo de los cómics en los Estados Unidos desde la década de los cuarenta hasta los años noventa del siglo pasado, principalmente en el campo de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de lenguas. Posteriormente, se analizan algunos de los últimos estudios publicados en los Estados Unidos sobre la utilidad del cómic como recurso didáctico en las clases de historia. Se trata de un marco teórico para comprender cómo implementar las novelas gráficas en el aula de historia.
La calidad de la educación como determinante del progreso de los países y la calidad del profesorado como determinante de la calidad de la educación
Authors: Aparicio Juan José , Rodríguez Moneo María
Published: December 2023

En el presente artículo se hace una breve revisión de las principales investigaciones que demuestran que no es la educación en general, sino únicamente la calidad de la enseñanza lo que da lugar al progreso económico y social, tanto de los individuos como de las sociedades en su conjunto. Se pasa luego a hacer un análisis en profundidad de los posibles factores que determinan una enseñanza de calidad para llegar a resolver que la calidad de la enseñanza depende de la calidad del profesor y no de otros factores como el aumento del gasto. A continuación se expone lo que es un profesor de calidad y cómo se logra que un sistema educativo cuente con profesores de calidad.
El reto de la fundamentación científica de la formación del profesorado
Authors: Álvarez-Álvarez Carmen
Published: December 2023

Cada vez hay una mayor exigencia de calidad en la formación inicial y permanente del profesorado: se demanda que esta se fundamente en estudios científicos, internacionales a ser posible, y que ofrezca pautas de actuación que ayuden a mejorar los procesos y resultados educativos. Sin embargo, aún estamos lejos de lograr este reto, aunque poco a poco, avanzamos hacia su logro. Este artículo analiza quince relatos de vida de profesionales muy diversos (jóvenes y adultos) que han participado recientemente en acciones formativas, algunas de las cuales han satisfecho esta premisa. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que los profesionales rechazan la formación que no está avalada científicamente porque no tiene repercusiones en la mejora de la enseñanza ni de la profesionalidad docente. Por el contrario, la formación que consideran de calidad, está basada en evidencias internacionales y les ha permitido avanzar, logrando aspectos como los siguientes: (1) cada vez se documentan más científicamente, (2) aumentan sus expectativas, (3) cambian sus prácticas docentes, (4) aumentan su seguridad profesional y (5) mudan sus prácticas formativas. Este estudio permite concluir que es urgente y relevante que la formación inicial y permanente de los profesionales de la educación se base cada vez más en las evidencias científicas disponibles para avanzar hacia el logro de mejoras educativas y de desarrollo profesional. Hasta este momento ha dominado un modelo ineficaz, con negativos efectos, pero cada vez hay más profesionales interesados en que se haga realidad el reto de la fundamentación científica de la formación de todos profesionales de la educación.
Increasing innovative activity at Ukrainian industrial enterprises through technology transfer
Authors:   Donbas State Machine-Building Academy, Ukraine, Balashova Olena
Published: December 2023

The article examines measures of step-by-step promotion of innovations at industrial enterprises of Ukraine. Economic factors hindering the implementation of new technologies at enterprises are highlighted. This is caused primarily by the fact that during the global economic crisis, enterprises and industries that actively implement and use innovative technologies are competitive. At the same time, Ukraine continues to develop as a country with a high share of raw materials industries, and innovative development has not become one of the main signs of the growth of the national economy. Although positive trends were observed for several years, they were mainly temporary in nature and were replaced by opposite shifts in the economy, which characterizes innovation processes in Ukraine as unstable and devoid of clear long-term incentives for innovative activity. In these conditions, there is a need to identify key problems that hinder the development of innovative activities of domestic enterprises, and to find ways to solve them. The implementation of a marketing strategy for the promotion of innovative projects at small and medium-sized industrial enterprises and the transfer process of innovations at large enterprises to gain their competitive advantages in domestic and foreign markets is substantiated. Emphasis is placed on the existing features of implementation in the conditions of digitalization of global business, which is confirmed by the construction of appropriate layouts and schemes. An overview was carried out to what extent all these technological innovations lead to deep and large-scale changes in the systemic character of economic (and not only economic) relations, reformatting of their very foundations and the emergence of new socio-economic institutions. Thus, the basis of modern relations is not only and not so much property relations, but the possibility of access to certain goods, resources, and information. Radical technological innovations to one degree or another affect and will increasingly affect the technologies of commercial operations, the role and forms of activity of their commercial intermediaries. The process of technology transfer to the real sector of the economy has been improved, which takes into account the joint refinement of innovative projects of innovators with enterprises that are potential bases of implementation, with the implementation of the activities of the Coordination Center.
Strategic planning as a way of public administration
Authors:   State Institution “Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine”, Humeniuk Vasyl
Published: December 2023

The article reveals the assumptions and main factors for the implementation of a system of state strategic planning in Ukraine as the key link in the process of public administration. The author shows a retrospective of the attempts to legislatively regulate relations in the field of strategic planning in Ukraine and obstacles to their implementation, as well as the practice of producing ersatz of such planning in the form of numerous programs and conceptual documents of various directions and areas of application that do not allow the executive branch to formulate and implement proactive policies for achieving national development goals, rational use of resources in the intended directions and sectors of national development. The article outlines the main aspects of the author's approach to building a model of strategic national planning as a basic subsystem of public administration, which allows to achieve the intended goals of nationally rooted development by creating mechanisms for coordinated and targeted efforts of all branches of executive power and to use the synergy of the planned regulatory and administrative influence of managerial decisions to achieve desirable results in conditions of war and modern challenges of globalization.
Intelligent system for radio-surgical treatment planning using spheres placement optimization with overlaps
Authors:   A. Pidhornyi Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, A Chuhai ,   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, O Starkova ,   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Y Yaskova ,   Medical Department (ML-108), V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: December 2023

In this study, we introduce a novel approach employing sphere placement with controlled overlaps to strategically position radiation shots within a three-dimensional tumor characterized as a convex polyhedral set. Our primary goal is to ensure optimal radiation dosage by managing sphere overlaps. We present a method that guides a systematic sphere placement procedure, utilizing predetermined sizes, to achieve a heightened filling coefficient within the tumor volume. Through the dense arrangement of these spheres, we effectively minimize uncovered regions, contributing to improved radiation coverage. The iterative packing process concludes upon reaching the threshold where no additional spheres can be accommodated, accounting for permissible overlaps. The proposed methodology embodies principles of an intelligent system, orchestrating the placement sequence to enhance treatment efficacy. A practical illustration is included to demonstrate the application of our approach
Using retrieval-augmented generation to elevate low-code developer skills
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine  “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Ukraine, O Nakhod
Published: December 2023

This article proposes applying retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to improve the skills of low-code developers by augmenting large language models with up-to-date domain-specific knowledge. As low-code development requires combining multiple systems into a final product, developers must consult several sources of documentation and various articles, videos, and forum threads. Such a process may be time-consuming, prompting the use of an LLM for the authoritative answer. However, LLMs often lack knowledge of low-code platforms, leading to hallucinations and superficial responses. RAG utilizes the benefits of LLMs on relevant information, suggesting a presumption that it may be effectively applied in low-code development. Heterogeneous data sources concerning low-code systems are converted to a text representation, split into logical chunks, and stored in a vector database. During the exploitation of the model, cosine similarity is used to retrieve top-K documents and concatenate them with user query, using the produced text as a prompt to an LLM. The results support the hypothesis that RAG models outperform standard LLMs in knowledge retrieval in this domain
Determining the orientation of circular areas in video images
Authors:   V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the NAS of Ukraine, Ukraine, P Sabelnikov , Yu Sabelnikov ,   V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the NAS of Ukraine, Ukraine, M Syniakov ,   V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the NAS of Ukraine, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

One of the ways to describe objects in images is to identify some of their characteristic points, or points of attention. The neighborhoods of attention points are described by descriptors (sets of features) in such way that they can be identified and compared. Based on these features, the search for identical points on other images is carried out. The feature selection process should take into account not only the position of the focus point, but also the size and possible shape of the local neighborhood. Different methods of finding identical characteristic points are known, which use rectangular or circular neighborhood to describe them. The rectangular windows used for neighborhood analysis do not allow selecting the same areas on the reference image and image which is rotated and analyzed. Round windows allow this. The article proposes and studies algorithms for determining the orientation of circular areas in video images, which makes it possible to calculate, in addition to invariant characteristics, characteristics that take into account the location of individual sections of such areas. These are the algorithms: • determination of the orientation of the circular area by moments of the first and second order; • calculation of the mutual orientation of the investigated circular area and the standard according to the moments of the first and second order. As a result of research and experiments, it was established that depending on the algorithm and the content of the circular areas, there are possible deviations in determining their orientation directions. Factors affecting this: accuracy of finding characteristic points; application of certain orientation determination algorithms; differences in the angle of video recording of the reference image and the image under investigation; the location of characteristic points, inside the object or on its border, especially when the background changes; size of neighborhood (analysis window) of characteristic points. It seems appropriate to continue the research orientation determination accuracy of circular areas by various algorithms. To reduce the influence of various side factors, artificial rather than real images should be studied
The use of titanium in the form of a foil for rubbing non-metallic materials with the purpose of wetting them and soldering them with metal solders
Authors:   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Zhuravlev V. S. , Krasovskyy V. P. ,   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine
Published: December 2023

Activation of filler metal alloys for brazing non-metals by introducing chemically active elements such as titanium, zirconium, etc. is a technically challenging task. This paper discusses some methods of brazing non-metallic materials with filler metal alloys. A brief review of publications on the metallisation of non-metallic materials by titanium friction for further brazing with filler metal alloys is given. Two types of titanium foil tools for friction coatings on non-metallic materials have been proposed and used, which, in comparison with friction with compact titanium, significantly reduce the destruction of the ceramic surface and facilitate their application. Samples of high-alumina ceramics A995 and WK94-1, were metallized by the proposed method. The wetting of ceramics coated with PSr72 filler alloy (copper-silver eutectic) was studied, brazed joints were obtained, and the microstructure of the metal-nonmetal contact zone was studied The main purpose of such a coating for brazing processes is to activate the filler metal alloys melt to wet the ceramic. The surface roughness of non-metals affects the microstructure of the applied coating. As the roughness decreases, the density of the coating increases. Studies of the microstructure of the brazed joint have shown that the PSr72 melt penetrates the titanium coating, saturates it with titanium and wets the ceramic. This means that such metallisation accelerates the saturation of the melt with titanium. The brazing modes of this method practically coincide with the brazing modes of titanium-containing filler metal alloys Using the method of friction the metallization layer reduces the cost of the brazing process. Keywords: rubbing with metals, titanium foil, soldering of ceramics, metal solders, microstructure.
AN IMPROVED PHOTOCLINOMETRY TECHNIQUE FOR SURFACE RELIEF RETRIEVAL FROM IMAGES: ERROR LEVELS FOR HEIGHT AND SLOPE ESTIMATES
Authors:   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dulova I. , Bondarenko N. ,   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,   University of California – Santa Cruz
Published: December 2023

Subject and Purpose. Computer simulation methods are used for investigating the errors that arise in the course of retrieval, by means of an improved photoclinometry technique, of planetary surface reliefs from sets of their photo images. The work has been aimed at evaluating the level of errors in numerically calculated heights and slopes of the reliefs, as retrieved from images with a variety of signal-to-noise ratios, also including estimates for possibly minimal errors. Methods and Methodology. The improved photoclinometry approach permits calculating the most probable relief realizations for parts of a planetary surface, proceeding from sets of their photographic images. Two optional ways for implementing the method are analyzed, namely application of an optimized Fourier transform-based filtering, or solution of Poisson’s equation within the finite- difference technique. Results. Computer experiments have demonstrated that the reliefs retrievable from photo images with the use of the improved photoclinometry methods are always qualitatively similar to real ones. In the case of calculations within the finite-difference method the level of errors in height determination made 0.21s0 to 0.27s0, where s0 stands for the root-mean-square deviation in the height of the relief being modeled. In the case of application of the Fourier analysis-based method the level of errors in the calculated heights varied between 0.86s0 and 0.33s0, while the signal-to-noise ratio for the initial images changed from 1.0 to 100. Within this version of the method the theoretical prediction for the lowest error in the calculated height varied from 0.83s0 to 0.13s0. The relief belonging to the middle portion of the area under study is always retrievable to a better accuracy, as compared with the sites adjacent to the image borders, no matter which of the two available techniques has been applied. Conclusions. The improved photoclinometry method allows retrieving surface reliefs from sets of their images, with error levels for estimates of height equaling either 0.21s0 to 0.27s0 (in the case of application of the finite difference computational technique), or 0.33s0 (if the Fourier analysis has been applied, with the signal-to-noise ratio SNR 50). It is recommended that relief retrieval were performed over sites of a larger surface area than might be strictly necessary for the purpose, since the error value estimated for the middle part of the site always turns out to be several times smaller than the error calculated over the entire area under study.
LASER CAVITY WITH A GRADUALLY EXPANDING RADIATION BEAM IN THE ACTIVE MEDIUM
Authors:   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dzyubenko M. , Kuzmichev I. ,   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Maslov V. ,   V.N. Karazin National University of Kharkiv, Radionov V. ,   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2023

Subject and Purpose. Increasing the operational efficiency of laser generators and the amount of their radiated power is an important task in laser development, which can be approached to in a number of alternative ways. The present work has been aimed at increasing the efficiency of energy exchange between the active medium and the laser radiation by way of optimizing the radiated intensity distribution over the entire active volume within the resonant cavity of a novel structure. Methods and Methodology. A model for the process of radiated power amplification in the laser cavity has been considered. Losses within the cavity have been analyzed, as well as possibilities for improving the efficiency of energy transfer from the gain medium to the laser radiation. The importance of optimizing the density of laser radiation in the gain medium is substantiated, and the main problems that might arise clearly identified. The task of increasing the cross-section of the radiation beam being amplified in the active medium has been formulated, and a concept suggested for solving the problem through modification of the telescopic resonator’s optical scheme. Results. A novel configuration has been suggested for the laser resonator, where the radiated beam is expanded in width over two stages of counter propagation. Nonlinear regimes of increasing the beam cross-section in the resonator have been analyzed and recommendations formulated for selecting dimensions of the resonator and geometry of the mirrors, depending on the amount of amplification in the active material. Fragmentation of the output mirror is proposed as a means for feedback optimization, with account of diffraction-caused diver- gence of the radiation. As has been found, field-exciting elements can be placed inside the active medium. Recommendations are developed as for practical application of the scheme proposed in lasers of a variety of frequency ranges. Conclusions. Application of laser resonators of the design considered opens up new possibilities for increasing the efficiency of lasers and their radiated power.
Disparities in Pharmacologic Restraint for Children Hospitalized in Mental Health Crisis
Authors: Wolf Ryan M. , Hall Matt , Williams Derek J. , Antoon James W. , Carroll Alison R. , Gastineau Kelsey A. B. , Ngo My-Linh , Herndon Alison , Hart Sarah , Bell Deanna S. , Johnson David P.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Children hospitalized with a mental health crisis often receive pharmacologic restraint for management of acute agitation. We examined associations between pharmacologic restraint use and race and ethnicity among children admitted for mental health conditions to acute care nonpsychiatric children’s hospitals.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective cohort study of children (aged 5–≤18 years) admitted for a primary mental health condition from 2018 to 2022 at 41 US children’s hospitals. Pharmacologic restraint use was defined as parenteral administration of medications for acute agitation. The association of race and ethnicity and pharmacologic restraint was assessed using generalized linear multivariable mixed models adjusted for clinical and demographic factors. Stratified analyses were performed based on significant interaction analyses between covariates and race and ethnicity.

RESULTS

The cohort included 61 503 hospitalizations. Compared with non-Hispanic Black children, children of non-Hispanic White (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72–0.92), Asian (aOR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68–0.99), or other race and ethnicity (aOR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.57–0.82) were less likely to receive pharmacologic restraint. There was no significant difference with Hispanic children. When stratified by sex, racial/ethnic differences were magnified in males (aORs, 0.49–0.68), except for Hispanic males, and not found in females (aORs, 0.83–0.93). Sensitivity analysis revealed amplified disparities for all racial/ethnic groups, including Hispanic youth (aOR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47–0.91).

CONCLUSIONS

Non-Hispanic Black children were significantly more likely to receive pharmacologic restraint. More research is needed to understand reasons for these disparities, which may be secondary to implicit bias and systemic and interpersonal racism.
Use of Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)-Containing Food Products in Children
Authors: Abrams Steven A. , Albin Jaclyn Lewis , Landrigan Philip J. ,   COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION, Corkins Mark R. , Blanco Cynthia L. , Fuchs George J. , Godoy Praveen S. , Hannon Tamara S. , Lindsey C. Wesley , Rome Ellen S. , Bremer Andrew , Lots Andrea , Perrine Coria , Sant’Anna Ana , Funanich Cheryl , Burrowes Debra L. ,   COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE, Bole Aparna , Balk Sophie J. , Byron Lori G. , Huerta-Montañez Gredia Maria , Landrigan Philip J. , Marcus Steven M. , Nerlinger Abby L. , Patel Lisa H. , Philipsborn Rebecca , Woolf Alan D. , Zajac Lauren , Gray Kimberly A. , Briskin Jeanne , DeNicola Nathaniel G. , Karwowski Matt , Ward Mary H. , Spire Paul
Published: December 2023

Families increasingly raise questions about the use of genetically modified organism (GMO)-containing food products. These products are widely found in the US food supply but originate from a narrow list of crops. Although GMO technology could be used to increase the micronutrient content of foods, this does not occur in the United States; instead, GMO technology has been used to make crops resistant to chemical herbicides. As a result, herbicide use has increased exponentially. The World Health Organization’s International Agency on Research for Cancer has determined that glyphosate, an herbicide widely used in producing GMO food crops, is a probable human carcinogen. Measurable quantities of glyphosate are detected in some GMO foods. Families who wish to minimize GMO food products can do so by focusing on a dietary pattern of primarily whole, plant-based foods while minimizing ultra-processed foods. Pediatricians play a vital role in their efforts to minimize fear-based messaging and support families through shared decision-making. Pediatrician awareness of GMO labeling can guide individualized conversations, particularly that non-GMO labeling does not indicate organic status and that increased cost of some non-GMO foods, especially if also organic, may limit this choice for many families.
Effects of maternal and child factors on the immunological composition of human milk
Authors: Tomaszewska Agata , Królikowska Katarzyna , Jeleniewska Alicja , Porębska Klaudia , Aleksandrowicz Karolina , Lipińska-Opałka Agnieszka , Rustecka Agnieszka , Zdanowski Robert , Kociszewska-Najman Bożena , Kalicki Bolesław
Published: December 2023

Introduction and objective: The relationship between the bioactive components of milk and maternal and child health is not well elucidated yet. The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal factors (diseases and drugs used during pregnancy, method of delivery, age) and child characteristics (age, length and body weight at birth) affect breast milk composition (leukocytes, stem cells, and epithelial cells). Materials and methods: Twenty-three breastfeeding mothers of infants aged 1–6 months were recruited for the study. All the mothers and children were healthy, with no symptoms of respiratory tract infection. Samples of breast milk (20 mL) were collected. Each sample was assessed for its cellular composition (epithelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, leukocytes). Only a few studies available in the literature have evaluated both immune cells (leukocytes) and cells of non-immune origin (mesenchymal and epithelial cells) in human milk. In this regard, our analysis is innovative. Results: Women receiving pharmacotherapy during pregnancy had a significantly higher percentage of eosinophils in their breast milk compared to women who did not receive any medication when pregnant. The cellular composition of milk correlated inversely with the age of the mother and child. The more advanced the mother’s age, the lower the number of monocytes in the milk. On the other hand, the older the child, the lower CD4 lymphocyte count in milk. Conclusions: The study suggests that the cellular composition of breast milk is influenced not only by the characteristics related to the mother but also by child-depended factors. Research in this area needs to be continued.
Olimpíada Brasileira de Agropecuária (OBAP)
Authors: Bregagnoli Marcelo , Ribeiro de Paiva Cassia Mara , Da Costa Sacconi Éder José
Published: December 2023

As Olimpíadas Científicas são possibilidades de instrumentos para análise do processo ensino-aprendizagem, especialmente do complexo sistema educacional brasileiro, especialmente dentro do princípio avaliativo. Esse trabalho buscou analisar a importância da Olimpíada Brasileira de Agropecuária (OBAP) para estudantes de cursos técnicos dentro da educação básica e pós educação básica (subsequente), como ferramenta de construção do conhecimento técnico científico e desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades dos estudantes, sua relação com o mundo do trabalho e para a vida, assim como, detalhar a metodologia desenvolvida nesta Olimpíada Científica nacional brasileira. Os resultados apontam que muito há que se evoluir na execução, motivação e elaboração de articulação das Olimpíadas Científicas, especialmente no ocidente.
Produção Acadêmica em Cursos de Licenciatura
Authors: Lara Luiz Marcelo de , Santos Celso Bilynkievycz dos , Pilatti Luiz Alberto
Published: December 2023

O presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar o modelo de universidade através da produção acadêmica de docentes dos cursos de licenciatura de uma universidade tecnológica com os de uma universidade clássica. Trata-se de um estudo comparado. O corpus de pesquisa foi conformado por currículos disponíveis na Plataforma Lattes de 1.017 docentes dos cursos de licenciatura da UFPR e da UTFPR, considerando o período entre 2013 e 2017. Para análise dos dados levantados foi utilizado o processo DCBD. Constatou-se que a produção dos docentes dos cursos de licenciatura da UFPR é mais consistente e qualificada. A questão temporal e a pesquisa consolidada explicam o resultado. Conclui-se que a UTFPR está muito próxima do modelo clássico de universidade.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE STUDIES ON THE GOD IMAGE IN THE SAMPLE OF TÜRKİYE
Authors: GÜLER AYDIN Özlem
Published: December 2023

The objective of this article is to conduct a systematic review of empirical research focused on the concept of God image within the context of Türkiye. The multidimensional nature of the God image is explored, and its associations with various variables, encompassing sociodemographic and psychological aspects, are thoroughly examined. The review also considers the correlation between God image and psychopathology, as well as spiritual care. The findings from this review, specific to the Turkish sample, suggest that the God image doesn't consistently vary with age, but a positive relationship is evident, indicating a tendency for a more positive God image with age. Women tend to have a more love-oriented God image than men. However, no significant distinctions were found in terms of income and educational levels. Moreover, variations of God image may be influenced by the type of school (religious or secular) and parental attitudes. Studies suggest that individuals raised in environments characterized by oppressive, authoritarian, or neglectful parenting are prone to form fear-oriented God images, while those with democratic parenting tend toward love-oriented God images. Subjective religiosity and positive religious coping are also proposed to have a positive correlation with the perception of God. Alongside sociodemographic variables, it is argued that a more positive and love-oriented God image is positively associated with enhanced psychological health, greater well-being, effective coping, positive self-esteem, lower depression, and fewer psychopathological symptoms. Despite the insights from the review of 55 studies, the diversity of examined variables necessitates more extensive research to draw general conclusions for each variable within the Turkish sample. Finally, fields requiring further investigation were also identified.
A Dual Approach to Establishing the Authority of Technical Natural Language Texts and Their Components
Authors: Shynkarenko V. I. , Demidovich I. M. , Kuropiatnyk O. S.
Published: December 2023

Purpose. The study is aimed at testing the hypothesis that it is possible to determine plagiarism by methods of establishing the authorship of a text without using a text bank and their direct comparison. Methodology. Constructive and productive models of the processes of establishing the authorship of technical texts for two methods have been developed. The first method is based on the formation of a text model in the form of a set of formal substitution rules with probabilistic weights (as in stochastic formal grammars), which reflects the syntactic features and patterns of text formation by the author. The degree of similarity between the text under study and another text is determined by comparing their models. The second method is a classical approach to detecting borrowings (plagiarism) by directly comparing the text under study with an existing text bank, highlighting repeated text fragments, and determining the degree of originality. Experiments were conducted to establish the correlation between the results of these two methods. The experimental base consisted of 509 text sections of theses of students majoring in «Software Engineering». Findings. Experimental studies have made it possible to establish a high correlation between the results of the two methods. Correlation coefficients in the range of 0.75...1.0 and with an average value of 0.88 were obtained provided that borrowings are taken into account for text fragments of at least five words in length. Originality. For the first time, the authors have identified the possibilities and proposed methods for indirect plagiarism detection without using a large text bank. The essence of the model is to formalize the representation of the author's sentence syntax by a set of substitution rules with probabilistic weights. Practical value. Based on the results obtained, the possibilities for detecting borrowings have been expanded and the effectiveness of the corresponding methods has been increased. Recommendations on the parameters of classical methods for detecting borrowings have been obtained, in particular, it is recommended to take into account text fragments of at least five words in length as a rational parameter when using borrowing detection systems. The possibilities of text authorship detection methods tested on fiction texts are extended to technical texts.
BioVitrina web repository — access to data on bioresource collections
Authors: Bukreeva A. S. , Malsagova K. A. , Izotov A. A. , Lisitsa A. V. , Kaisheva A. L.
Published: December 2023

Aim. To develop the BioVitrina web repository for visualizing data on biological samples available in the organization (https://bb.ibmc.msk.ru).

Material and methods. The following set of tools was used: PostgreSQL 12, Python 3.8 scripting language, Django 3.2.7, Angular 12.2.13, Nginx, Docker 3, Redis 6.

Results. Biological samples are systematized according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10). After selecting the most suitable biosamples, the User has the opportunity to submit a request for their receipt. A necessary condition for obtaining biological samples is the subsequent publication of the results of experimental studies in the BioVitrina web repository. Such an exchange of analytical research results will avoid repetition of similar studies and will contribute to the conservation of material resources.

Conclusion. "BioVitrina" was developed to optimize the infrastructure of biobanks of organizations and ensure the availability of information about their existing bioresource collections. This will solve many issues related to the use of different types of biomaterials, both for research and clinical purposes in personalized biomedicine.
Creation of a biosample collection from patients after myocardial infarction in the Khanty­ Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra
Authors: Morozkina A V , Vorobev A S , Donnikov M Yu , Kovalenko L V , Safronova M L , Gapurova A Kh , Nikolaev K Yu
Published: December 2023

Aim. Creation of a sample collection of whole blood, leukocyte suspension, genomic deoxyribonucleic acid from patients with myocardial infarction for fundamental and applied research in medicine.

Materials and methods. The collection, transportation and processing of biomaterial samples in the biobank of the Medical Institute of Surgut State University were carried out according to standard methods using recommendations, standard operating procedures and national guidelines for biobanking.

Results. As of September 1, 2023, the collection has collected 744 aliquots of whole blood and leukocyte suspension and isolated 108 samples of genomic deoxyribonucleic acid from 108 donors after myocardial infarction. Aliquots of samples from the biobank collection are actively used for a number of molecular genetic studies (genotyping, massively parallel sequencing).

Conclusion. This biosample collection on the basis of Surgut State University provides current and future research projects in cardiology with high-quality biomaterial.
Specifics of creating clinical abstract of biospecimens
Authors: Kopylova O. V. , Ershova A. I. , Borisova A. L. , Metelskaya V. A. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: December 2023

One technology that helps overcome the problem of low research reproducibility is biobanking, which involves maintaining strict quality standards at all stages. In addition to data on the biosample (detailed documentation on sampling, transportation, preparation and subsequent storage), one of the key points is the availability of information about the donor (patient). The aim of this article was to analyze creating clinical abstract of biospecimens, combining data from various biobanks and assessing the possibilities of electronic medical records and other modern technologies for this. The search for publications was carried out in the PUBMED, eLIBRARY.RU, RSCI databases. One approach to creating a clinical description is the targeted collection of information by a specially trained employee. Primary information is most often taken from the individual records of the study participant, which are developed and approved when planning work. An alternative method is the use of electronic medical records and other documents that collect information during the assessment and treatment of patients. There are also mixed types of clinical data collection, a prime example of which is the UK Biobank. Completeness, structure, and standardization are essential characteristics of clinical description associated with biospecimens. Various standards are currently being developed to unify clinical description, making biobanks and collections more available to external researchers and organizations, which is necessary for collaboration and more efficient use of stored biospecimens. Harmonization of clinical description methodology between different biobanks open up broad boundaries for large- scale research within personalized and translational medicine.
From idea to implementation: the development of biobanking in Russia. The Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention journal’s top contributing institutions: National Association of Biobanks and Biobanking Specialists (NASBIO)
Authors: Meshkov A. N. , Pokrovskaya M. S. , Glotov A. S. , Ershova A. I. , Rodionova Yu. V. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: December 2023

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Dependência, ciclo do capital e limites do fundo público no Brasil
Authors: Salvador Evilasio , Ribeiro Isabela Ramos
Published: December 2023

Resumo: Este artigo visa identificar a participação e os limites do fundo público no ciclo do capital da economia dependente brasileira. Para isso, aborda as implicações do intercâmbio desigual, da transferência de valor e da superexploração da força de trabalho para a composição e direcionamento do fundo público no Brasil, utilizando-se da coleta e análise de dados acerca do sistema tributário brasileiro.
Capitalismo dependente e as políticas sociais brasileiras: política de assistência social em questão
Authors: Magro Amanda Letícia , Faquin Evelyn Secco
Published: December 2023

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta o debate acerca da política de Assistência Social na contemporaneidade do ponto de vista do padrão das políticas sociais brasileiras, delineado a partir da Teoria Marxista da Dependência. Sinaliza seu caráter estruturalmente restrito e localiza seu ciclo breve de construção, gradualmente inviabilizado após 2016.
Expansão para quem? Institutos Federais e acesso à educação em perspectiva
Authors: Daros Michelli Aparecida
Published: December 2023

Resumo: Este artigo realiza uma análise histórico-crítica de elementos da expansão da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica (EPCT) e dos Institutos Federais (IFs), desenrolada durante as duas primeiras décadas dos anos 2000. Busca, ainda, a partir de análises quantitativas, demonstrar os efeitos de tal processo na ampliação do acesso à educação pública federal, bem como nas reconfigurações do perfil socioeconômico e étnico-racial de estudantes. Conclui-se que um dos legados da expansão dos IFs foi a ampliação do acesso à educação para estudantes da classe trabalhadora, especialmente aqueles autodeclarados como pardos, embora o apoio à permanência de estudantes ainda permaneça como um desafio para tais instituições.