bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reward-Based Improvements in Motor Control Are Driven by Multiple Error-Reducing Mechanisms
Authors: Codol Olivier , Holland Peter J. , Manohar Sanjay G. , Galea Joseph M.
Published: March 2020

Reward has a remarkable ability to invigorate motor behavior, enabling individuals to select and execute actions with greater precision and speed. However, if reward is to be exploited in applied settings, such as rehabilitation, a thorough understanding of its underlying mechanisms is required. In a series of experiments, we first demonstrate that reward simultaneously improves the selection and execution components of a reaching movement. Specifically, reward promoted the selection of the correct action in the presence of distractors, while also improving execution through increased speed and maintenance of accuracy. These results led to a shift in the speed-accuracy functions for both selection and execution. In addition, punishment had a similar impact on action selection and execution, although it enhanced execution performance across all trials within a block, that is, its impact was noncontingent to trial value. Although the reward-driven enhancement of movement execution has been proposed to occur through enhanced feedback control, an untested possibility is that it is also driven by increased arm stiffness, an energy-consuming process that enhances limb stability. Computational analysis revealed that reward led to both an increase in feedback correction in the middle of the movement and a reduction in motor noise near the target. In line with our hypothesis, we provide novel evidence that this noise reduction is driven by a reward-dependent increase in arm stiffness. Therefore, reward drives multiple error-reduction mechanisms which enable individuals to invigorate motor performance without compromising accuracy.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhile reward is well-known for enhancing motor performance, how the nervous system generates these improvements is unclear. Despite recent work indicating that reward leads to enhanced feedback control, an untested possibility is that it also increases arm stiffness. We demonstrate that reward simultaneously improves the selection and execution components of a reaching movement. Furthermore, we show that punishment has a similar positive impact on performance. Importantly, by combining computational and biomechanical approaches, we show that reward leads to both improved feedback correction and an increase in stiffness. Therefore, reward drives multiple error-reduction mechanisms which enable individuals to invigorate performance without compromising accuracy. This work suggests that stiffness control plays a vital, and underappreciated, role in the reward-based imporvemenets in motor control.
Improved Performance, Combustion and Emissions of SI Engine Fuelled with Butanol: A Review
Authors: Veza I. , M. Said M. F. , A. Latiff Z.
Published: March 2020

Several studies on ethanol as a biofuel have been comprehensively carried out. Today, a growing interest in longer chain alcohols has emerged due to their favourable physical and thermodynamic properties. Butanol or butyl alcohol with 4-carbon structure (C4H9OH) is a more promising biofuel as it outweighs methanol and ethanol in several ways. The production cost of butanol has been gradually reduced, and rapid progress in the development of its production technology has allowed butanol to be produced more effectively. However, studies on the effect of butanol on gasoline or spark ignition (SI) engines are not as comprehensive as the abundant research of ethanol. This paper highlights recent novelty and contribution of butanol addition in SI engine. Results of new approaches on the engine’s performance, combustion and emission characteristics are summarised. Reviews from this paper suggest that there are some gaps in the addition of butanol found in the literature. Thus, several encounters and forthcoming research directions are outlined in the final section of this review article, highlighting several possible contributions that have not yet been carried out using butanol as a biofuel in a gasoline engine.
Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males
Authors: de Ronde Willem , Smit Diederik L
Published: March 2020

This review summarizes 10 years experience with male abusers of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS). The typical user of AAS is male, aged between 20 and 40 and lifting weights. Illegal AAS are cheap and easily obtained via internet or local suppliers. AAS are mostly used in cycles with a duration between 6 and 18 weeks. Most AAS cycles contain multiple agents, used simultaneously in a dose vastly exceeding a substitution dose. A variety of other performance and image-enhancing drugs are commonly used, including human growth hormone, thyroid hormone, tamoxifen, clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotrophin. Short-term clinical and biochemical side effects are well established. Long-term side effects are uncertain, but may include heart failure, mood-and anxiety disorders, hypogonadism and subfertility. We share our views on the management of common health problems associated with AAS abuse.
TNM 8th edition in thyroid cancer staging: is there an improvement in predicting recurrence?
Authors: Manzardo Olimpia Alice , Cellini Miriam , Indirli Rita , Dolci Alessia , Colombo Paolo , Carrone Flaminia , Lavezzi Elisabetta , Mantovani Giovanna , Mazziotti Gherardo , Arosio Maura , Lania Andrea Gerardo Antonio
Published: March 2020

TNM 8th edition introduces changes in the staging of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). This study aims at assessing the value of TNM 8th edition in predicting response to therapy and structural recurrence of DTC. Four hundred and eighty DTC patients were retrospectively evaluated by 7th and 8th editions of TNM staging system in relationship with risk stratification, response to therapy and recurrence of disease as defined by 2015 ATA guidelines. As compared to the 7th edition, TNM 8th led to downstage 136 patients (28.3%), with 97.5% of patients falling into lower stages (I–II) and only 2.5% remaining in higher stages (III–IV) (P < 0.001). Patients who were downstaged in stages I–II by TNM 8th were classified more frequently at intermediate-high risk (P < 0.001), had more frequently structural incomplete response to therapy (P = 0.009) and had higher risk of structural recurrence (P = 0.002) as compared to patients who were in the same TNM stages but were not downstaged. Specifically, the risk of structural recurrence was significantly higher in patients in whom the downstaging was induced by changes in tumour classification (hazard ratio (HR) 6.18, 95% CI 2.20–17.40; P = 0.001) but not in those who were downstaged for the increase in age cut-off (HR 2.80, 95% CI 0.86–9.19; P = 0.09). In conclusion, TNM 8th edition did not show reliability in predicting aggressiveness of DTC. In fact, the downstaging of DTC patients especially when performed due to changes in tumour classification may overlook patients predisposed to structural recurrence, potentially causing uncertainty in the therapeutic decision-making at the time of disease’s diagnosis.
Genome-wide effects of chromatin on vitamin D signaling
Authors: Hanel Andrea , Malmberg Henna-Riikka , Carlberg Carsten
Published: March 2020

Molecular endocrinology of vitamin D is based on the activation of the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR) by the vitamin D metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. This nuclear vitamin D-sensing process causes epigenome-wide effects, such as changes in chromatin accessibility as well as in the contact of VDR and its supporting pioneer factors with thousands of genomic binding sites, referred to as vitamin D response elements. VDR binding enhancer regions loop to transcription start sites of hundreds of vitamin D target genes resulting in changes of their expression. Thus, vitamin D signaling is based on epigenome- and transcriptome-wide shifts in VDR-expressing tissues. Monocytes are the most responsive cell type of the immune system and serve as a paradigm for uncovering the chromatin model of vitamin D signaling. In this review, an alternative approach for selecting vitamin D target genes is presented, which are most relevant for understanding the impact of vitamin D endocrinology on innate immunity. Different scenarios of the regulation of primary upregulated vitamin D target genes are presented, in which vitamin D-driven super-enhancers comprise a cluster of persistent (constant) and/or inducible (transient) VDR-binding sites. In conclusion, the spatio-temporal VDR binding in the context of chromatin is most critical for the regulation of vitamin D target genes.
HAREKETLİ PROTEZ KULLANAN HASTALARIN PROTEZ HİJYEN ALIŞKANLIKLARI VE BU HASTALARDAKİ PROTEZ STOMATİTİ GÖRÜLME SIKLIĞI
Authors: ZOR Zeynep Fatma , YILDIRIM BİÇER Arzu Zeynep , PEKER İlkay
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, hareketli protez kullanan hastaların protez hijyen alışkanlıkları ve bu hastalardaki protez stomatiti görülme sıklığını değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya hareketli protez kullanan 301 hasta dahil edildi. Katılımcıların sosyo-demografik özellikleri, protez hijyen alışkanlıkları ve klinik muayene bulgularını içeren ve toplam 24 maddeden oluşan standardize formlar hazırlandı.  Formlar, bir prostodonti uzmanı tarafından, karşılıklı konuşma ile dolduruldu. Elde edilen veriler, tanımlayıcı istatistikler, t-testi, Fisher’ın kesin testi ve ki-kare testi kullanılarak istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi.Bulgular: Çalışmada 39 ile 93 yaşları arasındaki (yaş ortalaması ± standart sapma; 62.4±10.2) 154 kadın (%51.2) ve 147 erkek (%48.8) hastanın protez hijyen alışkanlıkları ve bu hastalardaki protez stomatiti görülme sıklığı değerlendirildi. Katılımcıların eğitim seviyeleri ile; protezlerindeki diş taşı varlığı, gece protezlerini çıkarma alışkanlıkları ve protez stomatiti görülme sıklığı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulundu (p<0.05). Katılımcıların gelir seviyeleri ile; protezlerindeki diş taşı varlığı ve protez stomatiti görülme sıklığı arasında anlamlı ilişki bulundu (p<0.05). Diş hekimleri tarafından protez hijyen alışkanlıkları hakkında bilgilendirildiğini ifade eden katılımcıların protezlerinde, bilgilendirilmeyenlerden daha az oranda plak/diş taşı olduğu gözlendi. Protez kullanım süresi arttıkça protezlerdeki plak/diş taşı varlığı ve protez stomatiti görülme sıklığının arttığı belirlendi.  Sonuçlar:Çalışmanın sonuçları, hareketli protez kullanan hastaların protezlerini temizlemek için çoğunlukla diş fırçası kullandığını ve protez stomatiti görülme sıklığının göreceli olarak yüksek olduğunu gösterdi. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ağız hijyeni, anket, diş protezi, protez stomatiti
Sotos Sendromu: Bir Vaka Sunumu
Authors: SENİRKENTLİ Güler Burcu , TİRALİ Resmiye Ebru , SAKARYALI Didem
Published: March 2020

Sotos sendromu, çocukluk döneminde endokrin bir bozukluk olmaksızın, aşırı büyüme, makrosefali, kendine özgü yüz görünümü ve çeşitli derecelerde öğrenme güçlüğü ile karakterize genetik bir durumdur. Olguların çoğu sporadik olup, otozomal dominant kalıtım modeline uyan aileler bildirilmiştir. Sendromdan esas sorumlu olan gen nükleer reseptör bağlayıcı SET domain1 (NSD1) proteinini kodlar. Nadir görülen bu sendrom ilk olarak 1964 yılında, ılımlı mental retardasyonu bulunan beş vakada Sotos ve arkadaşları tarafından tanımlanmıştır. Yüksek alın saç çizgisi, makrosefali, frontal bossing, uzun ve ince yüz görünümü, fronto-temporal bölgede saç seyrekliği, aşağı çekik palpebral fissürler ve belirgin mandibula karakteristik yüz görünümünü oluşturur ve ileri kemik yaşı ve değişik derecelerde mental gerilik diğer tanı kriterleridir.  Bu olgu sunumununda yaygın diş çürüğü ve spesifik oral bulguları bulunan 6 yaşındaki sotos sendromlu vakanın dental açıdan yönetimi vurgulanmıştır.
Sulfur effects on sugar content, enzyme activity and seed yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Rameeh Valiollah , Niakan Maryan , Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein
Published: March 2020

A field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four sulfur levels, S0, S1, S2 and S3, including 0, 12, 24 and 36 kg ha-1 (respectively) along with 115 kg N ha-1, to evaluate the economic yield of the rapeseed variety (Hyola401) in Abandankash in the Central District of Sari County in Northern Iran. Parameters such as leaf nitrate reductase, root nitrate, leaf and root sugars, root peroxidase, leaf catalase, as well as seed yield were recorded. The results of the analysis of variance revealed that there were highly significant differences between characters for the majority of the traits such as leaf and root nitrate, leaf and root sugars, root peroxidase, leaf catalase, and seed yield. Due to significant positive correlations between root nitrate reductase and seed yield, increasing this enzyme in roots by sulfur application would have an accelerating effect on rapeseed seed yield. A highly significant positive correlation determined between leaf sugar content and seed yield (0.75**) indicated that increasing levels of sulfur had a direct effect on leaf sugar content, which had an accelerating effect on the weight of kernel yield. Sulfur application significantly increased seed yield compared to the control (S0 level), and it ranged from 2744 to 3215 kg ha-1 in S0 and S3.
Effect of nitrogen and potassium on plant height and stem diameter of Jatropha curcas L. in Colombian tropical dry forest
Authors: Montenegro Omar , Magnitskiy Stanislav , Darghan Aquiles
Published: March 2020

The use of raw materials of Jatropha curcas L. to produce biofuel is of increasing interest in Colombia; little information is available on this species as a crop. This research evaluated plant height (Hp) and basal stem diameter (BSD) of J. curcas as affected by different rates of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) during the first 435 days of growth (DAP). The experiment involved a repeated measures design with inter-subject factors of fertilization (N dose, K2O dose nested in N dose) and an intra-subject factor of evaluation time. The Hp varied both as a function of N dose and the K2O dose nested in the N dose. The tallest plants were obtained with 150 kg ha-1 N and 180 kg ha-1 K2O treatment. With simultaneous confidence intervals of Bonferroni, we compared the evaluation times indicating for Hp non-overlapping intervals at 435 DAP (150 kg ha-1 N and remaining levels of this factor) and at 255 DAP (180 kg ha-1 K2O and remaining levels of this factor). The application of N fertilizers resulted in thicker stems as compared to control plants. Mathematical predictive models were obtained for Hp and BSD in J. curcas using a multiple regression analysis. These models permitted future rapid and non-invasive predictions for J. curcas growth in the field.
Rhizospheric rhizobia identification in maize (Zea mays L.) plants
Authors: Pérez-Pérez Reneé , Oudot Maxime , Serrano Lizette , Hernández Ionel , Nápoles María , Sosa Daynet , Pérez-Martínez Simón
Published: March 2020

Rhizobia have been studied for the symbiosis that they establish with the roots of legumes. However, the colonization and promotion of growth in non-leguminous plants has also been demonstrated. The aim of this work was the biochemical and molecular identification of rhizosphere rhizobia present inthe rhizosphere of two commercial maize cultivars. Cultivableisolates were obtained in yeast-mannitol-agar (YMA) mediumfrom rhizospheric soil and the rhizoplane. The cultural (size,color, mucus, etc.), morphological, and staining (cell shape,response to staining and sporulation) characteristics weredetermined as well as isolate responses to eight biochemicaltests (acid-base production, citrate, oxidase, catalase, H2Sproduction, urease, gelatinase and the oxidative-fermentativeassay) that are valuable for rhizobia identification. The genuswas determined by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. We obtained 81total isolates of which 30.86% showed the cultural, morphological and staining characteristics expected for rhizobia and only 20% of these corresponded to the genus Rhizobium.
Reconocimiento automático de patrones y características de las imágenes de los cultivos como alternativa para el desarrollo agrícola
Authors: Bedolla Solano Juan José , Pacheco Salazar Eleazar , Bedolla Solano Silvestre
Published: March 2020

Este trabajo describe una metodología para identificar los patrones o características de los cultivos, mediante el empleo de los algoritmos de reconocimiento de la ingeniería del software. Este sistema procesa información referente al progreso de las plantas; para ello, se realizaron comparaciones de imágenes que fueron capturadas usando Vehículos Aéreos No Tripulados VANT/DRONES como uno de los recursos de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC), y los objetos contenidos en una Base de Datos que contienen características normales y anormales de diversas plantas como el mango, el limón y la palmera de coco.

El procesamiento de datos a través de la aplicación automatizada generó resultados de identificación favorables mediante el reconocimiento automático de los cultivos, ya que se identificaron con el proceso de comparación las imágenes con características normales y anormales. 

El proyecto beneficiará principalmente a los agricultores, pues se podrán identificar los riesgos de los sembradíos provocados por las plagas de insectos infecciosos que ingresan a los cultivos (mosquita blanca), además de otras probables anomalías como quemaduras (enfermedad de hoja seca), las cuales podrían obstaculizar el crecimiento óptimo de la planta. Con ello, se podrán tomar decisiones oportunas para atender los riesgos de los cultivos con el apoyo del sistema de reconocimiento.

El tratamiento de información referente al progreso de los sembradíos genera consigo una propuesta innovadora que incorpora las tecnologías con amplias posibilidades para el desarrollo agrícola en las costas de Guerrero, México.

Con la modernización y específicamente el uso de estos sistemas automáticos que administran y difunden la información, se podrán atender de manera oportuna los riesgos de la agricultura y evitar así pérdidas de la cosecha, generando impactos en el desarrollo social, económico y ambiental al atender de manera oportuna los riesgos o peligros presentados en el cultivo.
Consideraciones técnicas para la preparación de abonos foliares de fabricación casera
Authors: Orozco Aceves Martha
Published: March 2020

Los abonos foliares de fabricación casera constituyen una herramienta eficiente de fertilización, sobre todo en el caso de sistemas productivos manejados con enfoques agroecológicos. Algunas ventajas de estos abonos son, que su preparación no requiere equipo sofisticado, entrenamiento especializado o insumos costosos. Existe una gran variedad de abonos foliares caseros, por ejemplo, súper magro, bioles, té hidrolizado de humus, y otros; es necesario asegurarse de que éstos cumplan con la función para la cual son aplicados, que es aportar nutrientes susceptibles de ser absorbidos por vía foliar, favoreciendo la nutrición vegetal. Este es precisamente el tema a tratar en la presente revisión, específicamente, se revisan aspectos técnicos de la preparación de abonos foliares caseros a la luz de tres temas: 1) aspectos morfológicos y funcionales de la hoja, lo cual tiene incidencia directa en el proceso de absorción foliar de nutrientes, 2) la naturaleza química de los insumos (de origen vegetal, animal y mineral) utilizados en fabricación de los abonos caseros, y 3) el proceso de preparación de los mismos (hidrólisis, fermentación), lo cual posibilitará el tránsito de nutrientes a través de las barreras impuestas por la estructura foliar. Por otro lado, se mencionan mecanismos adicionales por medio de los cuales los abonos foliares caseros pueden beneficiar la producción vegetal. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión evaluativa es analizar algunos aspectos técnicos que influirán directamente en la efectividad de los abonos foliares de fabricación casera, para predecir sus aportes al desarrollo de los cultivos.
Statistical cluster point and statistical limit point sets of subsequences of a given sequence
Authors: MİLLER Harry I. , WİEREN Leila Miller-van
Published: March 2020

J.A. Fridy [Statistical limit points, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 1993] considered statistical cluster points and statistical limit points of a given sequence x. Here we show that almost all subsequences of x have the same statistical cluster point set as x. Also, we show an analogous result for the statistical limit points of x.
Benefits of Reflective Writing in Health Care through the Vivid Lens of House Officers
Authors: Aziz Anbreen , Mahboob Usman , Saleem Tayyaba
Published: March 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction: Reflective writing, a complex human activity is one of the innovative pedagogies to promote deep learning among medical students and doctors. Despite its potential to facilitate learning, there is limited literature on evaluation of various purposes of reflective writing in medical education. Hence, aim of this study is to develop an instrument and evaluate the perceptions of house officers about benefits of reflective writing. Methods:Mixed method study followed AMEE 87 guidelines for questionnaire development. The study was carried out from Oct 2018-Feb 2019 in a dental college in Islamabad. A 30-items questionnaire was developed by following these steps: (1) conduction of literature review, (2) item development, (3) conduction of cognitive interviews and (4) pilot testing. Coding and interpretation of transcribed data and notes taken during cognitive interviews was done to finalize three main themes (learning, self-regulation and alteration in clinical behavior) identified in literature review. In pilot testing, participants were asked to rate the purposes of reflective writing on a three-point Likert scale (Agree, do not know and disagree). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: All of nineteen house officers (n= 3 for cognitive interviews, n= 16 for pilot testing) had previous experience of writing reflections using Gibb's reflective cycle. Thirteen (81%) out of sixteen house officers agreed that reflective writing improves learning, helps in self-regulation and alters clinical behavior, two (13%)did not know about the three themes that were finalized in cognitive interviews and one (6%) did not agree. Discussion and Conclusion:Reflective writing improves learning, helps in self-regulation and alters clinical behavior in the selected house officers. This study may inspire medical education experts to include reflective writing as a part of formal undergraduate medical and dental curriculum to enhance student's learning experience.
Characterization and expression analysis of four members genes of flavanone 3-hydroxylase families from Chamaemelum nobile
Authors: CHENG Shuiyuan , SONG Qiling , YU Tian , LIU Xiaomeng , WANG Lanlan , MAO Dun , ZHANG Weiwei , XU Feng
Published: March 2020

Chamaemelum nobile is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, whose secondary metabolites used in the pharmacology of Chinese medicine. Among them, the flavonoids have great research value. Flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) is one of the core enzymes in the early steps of flavonoid biosynthesis. This study aimed to elucidate the structures, functions, and expression levels of F3H families from C. nobile. Four members of the F3H family were screened from C. nobile transcriptome data and performed bioinformatics analysis. Results showed that CnF3H1~4 had a high similarity with the other F3H plants, and all genes contained two conserved isopenicillin N synthase-like and oxoglutarate/iron-dependent dioxygenase domains. Further analysis revealed that the four CnF3H proteins contained some differences in binding sites. The results of secondary and 3-D structures displayed that the composition and proportion of the four CnF3H secondary structures were basically the same, and their 3D structures were consistent with the secondary structures. The phylogenetic tree displayed that CnF3H2, CnF3H3, and CnF3H4 were grouped with Asteraceae. The expression patterns of CnF3Hs in the roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of C. nobile were evaluated using the value of RPKM. The results indicated that CnF3Hs had significant difference in the expression of different tissues. Especially, CnF3H1~3 and CnF3H4 had the highest expression levels in the flowers and roots, respectively. Hence, CnF3Hs played a significant role in the flavonoid metabolism.
The effect of auxins in inducing organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis in mature sunflower zygotic embryo derived apex
Authors: AURORI Adriana , MOLNAR Imola , RAKOSY-TICAN Elena
Published: March 2020

Induction of shoots or of somatic embryos is the key step for gaining the morphogenetic potential in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), species known as recalcitrant to in vitro regeneration. In the immature zygotic embryo derived tissues or in other juvenile tissues resulted from seedlings, the acquisition of the competence for regeneration can be achieved directly by cytokinin treatment or by preconditioning the explants on cytokinin containing medium. In this paper is presented a new type of explant for sunflower in vitro culture, consisting of the apex with primordial leaves, resulted from ungerminated mature zygotic embryo, in which a specific morphogenetic response was triggered by the exogenously applied auxins. Among the auxins tested, indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid are inducers of an organogenetic response, apical/axillary shoots and adventitious buds being regenerated while 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid led to somatic embryo formation. Among the auxins tested only 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid sustains the embryos development up to mature stage. A high amount of sucrose (120 g L-1) supplied during the auxin treatment promotes the maturation of the embryos directly on the induction medium for all tested auxins with embryogenic effect. These findings show that regardless of the type of morphogenetic response aimed in sunflower meristematic tissues resulted from mature embryos, the presence of auxins is mandatory.
Effects of the interaction between shade and drought on physiological characteristics in Calamus viminalis seedlings
Authors: CHEN Benxue , LI Yanbing , LIU Guanglu , FAN Shaohui , YANG Haijun , SU Haoran
Published: March 2020

Recently, the endangerment of wild rattan population draws attention on the conservation and sustainable utilization of rattan resources. Rattan growing usually faces the light and water stress. Therefore, we aim to explore the combined effects of shade and drought on seedling growth, thus providing a theoretical ground for the conservation and artificial cultivation of the rattan. The combined effects of shade and drought on physiological and biochemical traits were studied in two-years-old Calamus viminalis seedlings. Photosynthetic indices including Pn, Gs, Tr, and Ci and physiological indices including MDA, SOD, POD, CAT, and Pro were measured under four levels of water treatments and four levels of shade. Shade, drought and their interaction have a significant effect on C. viminalis seedlings growth. Generally, moderate shade could alleviate the impact induced by drought. However, mild drought usually enhances the effect caused by shading. The result showed that the shade decreased Pn, Gs, and Tr but increased Ci, MDA content and Pro content. Either with the shading or drought increasing, the activity of SOD, POD, and CAT firstly increase and then declined. Drought reduced Pn, Gs, Tr, and Ci but increased the content of MDA and Pro. Overall, the result suggests that 25-50% shading and 65% RSWC water treatment are most beneficial for the growth of C. viminalis seedlings.
Chlorophyll a fluorescence as an indicator of water stress in Calophyllum brasiliense
Authors: REIS Lucas C. , P.Q. SCALON Silvana , DRESCH Daiane , FORESTI Andressa Caroline , SANTOS Cleberton C. , PEREIRA Zefa V.
Published: March 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate chlorophyll a fluorescence as a stress indicator in Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess seedlings grown with different concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) under intermittent water deficit condition: daily irrigation without ABA (I); daily irrigation + 10 μM ABA (I 10); daily irrigation + 100 μM ABA (I 100); suspension of daily irrigation without ABA (SI); suspension of daily irrigation + 10 μM ABA (SI 10) and  suspension of daily irrigation + 100 μM ABA (SI 100). The intermittent water deficit reduces water status and impairs the photochemical apparatus functioning and seedling quality. The fluorescence measurements helped identify the stress condition of water deficit in the cultivation of C. brasiliense and the beneficial effect of the application of 10 μM of ABA in minimizing stress and facilitating the recovery of seedlings after re-irrigation, while maintaining the integrity and function of the photosynthetic apparatus.
Piriformospora indica: a root endophytic fungus and its roles in plants
Authors: YANG Liu , CAO Jin-Li , Zou Ying-Ning , WU Qiang-Sheng , KUČA Kamil
Published: March 2020

Piriformospora indica is a discovered endophytic fungus colonizing in roots of plants in 1998. The fungus can form the mycelium, mycelial roll, and pear-shaped spores in intercellular and intracellular regions of roots. The fungus colonizes various host plants and also realizes the pure culture in vitro without roots of host plants. P. indica shows many positive effects on host plants, including the promotion of plant growth, the enhancement of nutrient acquisition and stress tolerance, the improvement of disease resistance, and the promoted accumulation of bioactive substances. The commercial production of the fungal spores is established in bioreactor with nanostructured materials “zinc oxide” as nano embedded fungus, which provides provides changes into confers. The review simply summarized the biological characteristics of P. indica, physiological roles in plants, and potential utilization as a biofertilizer.
Seed priming with hydrogen peroxide alleviates the effects of drought stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings
Authors: JIRA-ANUNKUL Weeraphorn , PATTANAGUL Wattana
Published: March 2020

Drought stress is a major factor limiting crop growth and yield. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is known as a signalling molecule in the plant cell in which activates multiple physiological changes that play essential roles in tolerance mechanism. This study investigated the effects of seed priming with H2O2 on growth, some physiological characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities in rice seedling under drought stress. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Khao Dawk Mali 105 seeds were primed with 0 (distilled water), 1, 5, 10, and 15 mM H2O2 and grown for 21 days. The seedlings were subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 7 days. The results showed that priming with low concentrations of H2O2 improved plant growth and biomass as well as relative water content, malondialdehyde content, electrolyte leakage. Priming with H2O2, however, had no beneficial effect on chlorophyll content, proline and leaf total soluble sugar. Seed priming with appropriate levels of H2O2 also enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX). It is concluded that seed priming with 2-10 mM H2O2, is beneficial for enhancing drought tolerance in rice seedling by increasing antioxidant capacity, which in turn reduces oxidative stress and damages to the cellular components.
Micromorphology studies of three important medicinal plants of Asclepiadaceae family
Authors: PATEL Swati R. , JOSHI Aruna G. , PATHAK Ashutosh R. , RAOLE Vinay M.
Published: March 2020

Asclepiadaceae family contains many medicinally important species of which Hemidesmus indicus, Leptadenia reticulata and Tylophora india were selected for the present micromophological studies. It was revealed that different types of stomata like anomocytic, anisocytic and paracytic were present only on abaxial surfaces of leaves. However maximum anomocytic stomata i.e. 25.50±0.43 were observed in L. reticulata followed by H. indicus (24.54±0.31) and T. indica (11.36±0.16). Similarly, observation for trichomes revealed that they were present on abaxial surface in H. indicus and T. indica whereas in L. reticulata on both of the surfaces present. They varied in their type as unicellular in H. indicus whereas multicellular trichomes in L. reticulata and T. indica. This different micromorphological characters will help in identification of authentic plant species.
Two additions to the Asteraceae of Egypt
Authors: EL-GAZZAR Adel , EL-HUSSEINI Nahed , KHAFAGI Azza A.F. , MOSTAFA Nashwa A.M.
Published: March 2020

The novel occurrence of Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock var. amarum and Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae) in the flora of Egypt is reported. Apart from the single collection of H. amarum var. amarum in Australia, this taxon was not recorded previously outside its country of origin in South-Eastern United States and Mexico. With the recording of Pulicaria dysenterica in Egypt, Libya remains the only Mediterranean country where it has not as yet been found. Detailed description of the two species in terms of 83 characters is provided. A data matrix including the eight Pulicaria species found in Egypt and 19 of their morphological characters was compiled and a conventional key was constructed using the key-generating computer program suit DELTA.
The risk mitigation indices associated with some risk mitigation protocols performed on contaminated aqua-cultured catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: IMADE Odaro S. , AKINNIBOSUN Faith I.
Published: March 2020

The present research quantified the risk mitigation indices associated with some risk mitigation protocols practiced by humans in Nigeria to mitigate the baseline risk of illness that were associated with Clarias gariepinus contaminated with multidrug-resistant AmpC beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacter cloacae pathogen. Identification of the multidrug-resistant AmpC beta-lactamase-producing E. cloacae pathogen was performed with phenotypic and molecular methods. The United States FDA-iRisk stochastic software quantified the baseline and residual risk of illness associated with the contamination and cross-contamination routes of the C. gariepinus chain. The fresh adult C. gariepinus was contaminated with the multidrug-resistant E. cloacae pathogen (median concentration = 4.49 CFU g-1), but this was significantly reduced by the risk mitigation protocols practiced by the human consumers. The risk mitigation practices of human consumers resulted in a risk mitigation index of 0.92, which was equivalent to a 92% reduction in the baseline risk of illness (baseline risk of illness = 7.58 × 10-4; residual risk of illness = 5.9 × 10-5). In spite of the significant risk mitigation, inducible AmpC beta-lactamase resistance genes was still found in the residual multidrug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae pathogen, which survived the inadequate risk mitigation protocols that accounted for 8% residual risk of illness.
Locus of control, knowledge, attitude and practice for contraception among adolescents
Authors: Silva Angela Ferreira da , Lopes Maria Helena Baena de Moraes
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess the relation of the locus of control with the adolescents’ knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP). Methods: this is a cross-sectional study with 1,192 high school students. Data were collected using the KAP questionnaire and the Levenson locus of control scale and analyzed by descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results: Women presented higher Externality Powerful Others locus of control than man (p=0.0015) and adolescents over 17, higher Externality Chance locus of control (p=<0.0001). Students who used contraceptive methods at the first contraceptive method had higher Externality Powerful Others (p=0.0107) and those who used coitus interruptus, had higher Externality Chance (p=0.0013). Internality was inversely proportional to the practice in relation to the dimensions of the locus of control. Conclusions: The dimensions of the locus of control were related to some contraceptive practices, but little or no relation to knowledge and attitude.
Tarsila do Amaral and Glete de Alcântara: history in art and photography
Authors: Camargo Rafael Alcantara de , Luchesi Luciana Barizon , Porto Fernando , Neto Mercedes , Mazziero Adriana Saturnino , Lima Carla Cristina da Cruz Almeida
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the canvas “Retrato de Glete de Alcântara” (freely translated as Portrait of Glete de Alcântara) and discuss the effect of the canvas for Tarsila do Amaral and for Brazilian nursing. Methods: a study in the historical perspective, in the field of visual culture, with analysis in two phases: pre-iconography and iconography. Results: Tarsila do Amaral brings up the woman Glete de Alcântara without the attributes that identify nursing. In this sense, the representation of women on the canvas is a person aligned with the hairstyle of her time, elegantly dressed, with seriousness and haughtiness accentuated by a fixed and directed look. Final considerations: an attempt was made to advance beyond Glete de Alcântara’s professional life and her portrayed relationship networks, as well as to approach Tarsila do Amaral’s trajectory, beyond the aesthetics and recognition gained.
Nursing care in mental health based on the TIDAL MODEL: an integrative review
Authors: Freitas Rodrigo Jácob Moreira de , Araujo Janieiry Lima de , Moura Natana Abreu de , Oliveira Glória Yanne Martins de , Feitosa Rúbia Mara Maia , Monteiro Ana Ruth Macedo
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the applicability of the Phil Barker’s Tidal Model in mental health nursing care. Methods: an integrative literature review carried out by LILACS, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science. Data were collected from December 2017 to March 2018. After selecting the studies, the sample totaled 24 articles. Results: the articles are in English (91.7%), were published in nursing journals (87.5%), are reflective and/or theoretical (50%) and have level of evidence VII (79.2%). The model brings contributions to nursing science, enabling person-centered care, with an emphasis on interdisciplinary work, nurses’ protagonism and the empowerment of subjects in mental suffering. Final considerations: the use of the Tidal Model enables changes in nurses practice working in the context of mental health. Its application by nurses who work in mental health services in Brazil is recommended.
Stomized children care practices: narratives of relatives
Authors: Melo Manuela Costa , Vilas-Boas Bárbara Natália Ferreira , Martins Brenda Limeira , Vasconcellos Allan Willis Albernáz , Kamada Ivone
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand the practices adopted by relatives regarding ostomized children care. Methods: qualitative approach, conducted with 11 relatives of ostomized children. Methodological framework was used as narrative technique; NVivo® software for data categorization and information analysis; content analysis technique. Results: participants revealed unpreparedness in dealing with children, lack of knowledge about handling materials and equipment inherent to ostomy and challenges faced in the daily life of children in school. They are unanimous in telling they feel encouraged and strengthened by receiving support from nurses in child care. They suggested the development of strategies to guide ostomized children care, such as educational material use. Conclusions: to understand family members’ experience made it possible to support training and qualification of nursing professionals, and to establish priorities in care. Evidence found may contribute to reflections that aid health promotion and prevention of complications in ostomized children care.
Kangaroo-mother care method: a documentary study of theses and dissertations of the brazilian nurse (2000-2017)
Authors: Aires Luana Cláudia dos Passos , Koch Claudia , Santos Evangelia Kotzias Atherino dos , Costa Roberta , Mendes Janifer Souza , Medeiros Graciela Mendonça da Silva de
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: to characterize theses and dissertations that address Kangaroo-Mother Care Method produced in Brazilian Graduate Nursing Programs from 2000 to 2017. Methods: a documentary study of qualitative approach. From a total of 207 papers, 185 were excluded and 22 were selected. Results: in 2006 and 2014 there was a higher number of master’s dissertations. In 2001, 2013 and 2017, there were three productions of doctoral theses. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Federal University of Santa Catarina) presented the largest number of publications, with five studies, followed by Universidade Federal da Bahia (Federal University of Bahia), with four. Final considerations: Kangaroo-Mother Care Method has been researched in Brazilian Graduate Nursing Programs, mainly from the qualitative approach, highlighting the importance, contributions and difficulties of its application as a public policy.
Internet influence on the biopsychosocial health of adolescents: an integratitive review
Authors: Ferreira Elisabete Zimmer , Oliveira Adriane Maria Netto de , Medeiros Silvana Possani , Gomes Giovana Calcagno , Cezar-Vaz Marta Regina , Ávila Janaína Amorim de
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: To identify scientific evidence on the influence of internet use on adolescents’ biopsychosocial health. Methods: Integrative review, with database search, using the descriptors “internet”, “adolescent health” and “adolescent behavior”. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles were selected. Results: Knowledge convergence produced for three main themes was demonstrated: “Internet exposure time and possible damages to adolescent health”; “Internet, adolescent and cyberbullying”; and “Internet as a source of information for adolescent health”. Final considerations: The network involves an intricate network of interactions, providing varied behaviors and attitudes that reflect on adolescent health. Therefore, it is important to articulate nursing actions with the school community and the family, in order to carry out health education.
Professional skills for health promotion in caring for tuberculosis patients
Authors: Costa Amanda de Fátima Alves , Gomes Altamira Mendonça Félix , Fernandes Ana Fátima Carvalho , Silva Lucilane Maria Sales da , Barbosa Lorena Pinheiro , Aquino Priscila de Souza
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand the health promotion skills found in the speeches of health practitioners in care for TB patients. Methods: qualitative study, developed with seven practitioners involved in care for TB patients, identified from a sociocentric approach, whose speeches were submitted to analysis based on the health promotion skills model in the Galway Consensus. Results: there were four domains: Catalyzing change; Leadership; Planning; and Partnerships. These domains resulted from health education actions, contribution of management nursing practitioners, seeking to meet patients’ needs and articulation of professional sectors. Final considerations: there were some skill domains in the speeches of health practitioners, with the nurse being quoted in the development of essential skills for health promotion activities, such as catalyzing change and leading care for TB patients.
Understanding prejudice of psychic suffering individuals about sexuality
Authors: Ziliotto Gisela Cardoso , Marcolan João Fernando
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand the conceptions of individuals in psychological distress about their sexuality. Methods: qualitative study held at a Psychosocial Care Center. Fifteen people assisted in the service participated. A semi-structured questionnaire and script with identification data survey and guiding questions were applied. Data were analyzed by Content Analysis. Results: the following categories emerged: Prejudice of assisted people regarding homosexuality; Prejudice of assisted people regarding the expression of sexuality and the social context; Prejudice to the affective relationship among people assisted in CAPS; Prejudice of people assisted in the expression of female sexuality; Prejudice of society to the sexual orientation of assisted people. Final considerations: sexuality understanding showed that these are conceptions linked to prejudice and stigma of society. Although sexuality was present, it is clear that it was surrounded by taboos, myths and value judgments, in which the only way to deal with it was through repression.
Risk and protective factors for sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: Oliveira Aghata Marina de Faria , Andrade Paula Rosenberg de , Pinheiro Eliana Moreira , Avelar Ariane Ferreira Machado , Costa Priscila , Belela-Anacleto Aline Santa Cruz
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: To verify the occurrence of the risk and protective factors for sudden infant death syndrome during nursing consultation. Methods: Retrospective cohort study conducted based on medical records from a primary care unit in the municipality of São Paulo. The sample consisted of 63 infants assisted from January to December 2016. Results: The average age of infants was 3.2 months. The main risk factors identified were the presence of soft objects in the crib (93.6%) and bed sharing (58.7%). Predominant protective factors were breastfeeding (95.2%) followed by updated immunization (90.5%). Conclusions: Risk and protective factors for sudden infant death syndrome were identified in the study sample, indicating the importance of addressing the issue with families of children under 1 year of age to prevent the occurrence of such events.
Os cirurgiões e a pandemia do COVID-19.
Authors: Correia M. Isabel T. D. , Ramos Rodrigo Felippe , Bahten Luiz Carlos Von
Published: March 2020

RESUMO A atual pandemia do novo coronavírus, Covid-19, tem sido o assunto mais discutido no momento, tanto na mídia como em periódicos científicos. O medo, a incerteza e o desconhecimento sobre o comportamento da doença são os fatores preponderantes que podem justificar essa realidade. Sabe-se de antemão que a enfermidade tem grande disseminação, é mais grave entre idosos e está associada a grande impacto socioeconômico mundial. Além dos desafios em lidar com o desconhecido, há outros relacionados com a sobrecarga de informação e nesse quesito, a grande quantidade de estudos científicos, que englobam pesquisas in vitro, relatos de casos, estudos observacionais e randomizados, além de revisões sistemáticas complementam o panorama de dúvidas. Essa situação é piorada porque o conhecimento sobre o método científico não é dominado pela maioria dos profissionais de saúde, algo que há muito já vem sendo divulgado por vários autores. De sorte que em função desta realidade, torna-se fundamental que sociedades de especialidades apoiadas por dados da Organização Mundial da Saúde e do Ministério da Saúde assumam a liderança da divulgação da informação correta e confiável. O Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões sugere neste documento medidas que podem auxiliar cirurgiões e outros profissionais de saúde, assim como pacientes, em caso de necessidade cirúrgica, a lidar com a atual pandemia.