bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematical models of therapeutical actions related to tumour and immune system competition
Authors: Angelis Elena De , Jabin Pierre‐Emmanuel
Published: July 2005

This paper deals with the qualitative analysis of a model related to the description of two medical therapies which have been intensively developed in recent years. In particular, we refer to the modelling of the actions applied by proteins, to activate the immune defense, and to the control of angiogenesis, to contrast the growth of tumour cells by preventing the feeding actions of endothelial cells. The therapeutical actions which are object of the modelling process developed in this paper have to be regarded as applied within the framework of the competition between the immune system and tumour cells. We prove the existence of solutions to the Cauchy problem related to the model. The efficiency of the therapies and the asymptotic behaviour in time of our solutions is also investigated. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of two memory kernels and the time dependence of the heat source for a parabolic conserved phase‐field model
Authors: Colombo Fabrizio , Guidetti Davide , Vespri Vincenzo
Published: July 2005

In this paper we consider a system of two integro‐differential evolution equations coming from a conservative phase‐field model in which the principal part of the elliptic operators, involved in the two evolution equations, have different orders. The inverse problem consists in finding the evolution of: the temperature, the phase‐field, the two memory kernels and the time dependence of the heat source when we suppose to know additional measurements of the temperature on some part of the body Ω. Our results are set within the framework of Hölder continuous function spaces with values in a Banach spaceX. We prove that the inverse problem admits a local in time solution, but we are also able to prove a global in time uniqueness result. Our setting, when we choose for exampleX=C($\bar{\Omega}$), allows us to make additional measurements of the temperature on the boundary of the body Ω. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virtual screening to enrich a compound collection with CDK2 inhibitors using docking, scoring, and composite scoring models
Authors: Cotesta Simona , Giordanetto Fabrizio , Trosset Jean‐Yves , Crivori Patrizia , Kroemer Romano T. , Stouten Pieter F.W. , Vulpetti Anna
Published: July 2005

Docking programs can generate subsets of a compound collection with an increased percentage of actives against a target (enrichment) by predicting their binding mode (pose) and affinity (score), and retrieving those with the highest scores. Using the QXP and GOLD programs, we compared the ability of six single scoring functions (PLP, Ligscore, Ludi, Jain, ChemScore, PMF) and four composite scoring models (Mean Rank: MR, Rank‐by‐Vote: Vt, Bayesian Statistics: BS and PLS Discriminant Analysis: DA) to separate compounds that are active against CDK2 from inactives. We determined the enrichment for the entire set of actives (IC50 < 10 μM) and for three activity subsets. In all cases, the enrichment for each subset was lower than for the entire set of actives. QXP outperformed GOLD at pose prediction, but yielded only moderately better enrichments. Five to six scoring functions yielded good enrichments with GOLD poses, while typically only two worked well with QXP poses. For each program, two scoring functions generally performed better than the others (Ligscore2 and Ludi for GOLD; QXP and Jain for QXP). Composite scoring functions yielded better results than single scoring functions. The consensus approaches MR and Vt worked best when separating micromolar inhibitors from inactives. The statistical approaches BS and DA, which require training data, performed best when distinguishing between low and high nanomolar inhibitors. The key observation that all hit rate profiles for all four activity intervals for all scoring schemes for both programs are significantly better than random, is evidence that docking can be successfully applied to enrich compound collections. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Innovation, ENBIS and the Importance of Practice in the Development of Statistics
Authors: Bisgaard Søren
Published: July 2005

The theme of this paper is innovation—in statistics and, more generally, in business and industry. Innovations in statistical theory have historically frequently occurred in direct response to demands for solutions to important practical problems. A major motivation for the establishment of the European Network for Business and Industrial Statistics (ENBIS) was the perceived need for a vehicle to facilitate innovation through positive and productive interactions between statistical practitioners and researchers throughout Europe. More broadly, I suggest that quality improvement, the major focus of industrial statistics, conceptually should be considered as innovation in processes and products. With the aid of statistics and quality management principles, product and process innovation can become a systematized and planned process of fundamental importance for the economic future of industrialized nations. However, product and process innovations will also likely stimulate novel statistical innovations for which ENBIS can serve as marketplace where demand for solutions to problems will be met by a supply of ideas and solutions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of an Affymetrix High‐density Oligonucleotide Microarray Platform as a Measurement System
Authors: van den Heuvel Edwin R. , Geeven Geert , Bauerschmidt Susanne , Polman Jan E. M.
Published: July 2005

The random measurement or technological variation of an Affymetrix high‐density oligonucleotide microarray platform is estimated and evaluated against the variation in the gene expression levels of a biological sample. A mixed effects analysis of variance model is used to describe the probe intensity levels. The focus is on the repeatability of the method. Additionally, the minimal number of arrays necessary to detect biological relevant differences in gene expression levels between biological samples is estimated based on the repeatability. The investigated sources of variation for the repeatability are arrays, array production lots, the reverse transcription step, the in vitro transcription step and the hybridization and washing step. They may all add to the short‐term random measurement variation. The effect of global linear normalization on the repeatability is determined. It is shown that the in vitro transcription step contributes to the repeatability with more than 50%. If normalization is used, the microarray platform is indeed suitable for measuring thousands of genes simultaneously and in particular to detect differences in gene expression between biological samples. Based on a goodness‐of‐fit investigation and considering the amount of data involved, the analysis of variance model seems suitable to describe the raw probe intensity data. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysing the Results of a Designed Experiment when the Response is a Curve: Methodology and Application in Metal Injection Moulding
Authors: Govaerts Bernadette , Noël Jonathan
Published: July 2005

In (designed) industrial experiments, the response observed often takes the form of a curve representing, for example, the evolution of a quality characteristic over a period of time. In such a context, the polynomial regression approach, usually used in response surface analysis to predict the response as a function of the experimental factors, should be adapted to the functional character of the response. This paper reviews several possible methods of analysing the results of a designed experiment when the response is a curve and compares them with a case study from the metal injection‐moulding industry. Three different approaches are first presented to fit a model to the (functional) data: two‐step nonlinear modelling; pointwise functional regression; and smoothed functional regression. All of the models derived are able to predict the functional response from any design factor setting chosen in the experimental domain. Two inferential problems are then discussed: the significance testing of experimental factor effects and the calculation of prediction intervals around predicted curves. Asymptotic results and bootstrap procedures are compared in this context. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compound Selection and Filtering in Library Design
Authors: Lumley James A.
Published: July 2005

Multiple approaches exist within the literature for the generation of new active compounds against existing or new therapeutic targets, but no technique has yet provided the rich source of high‐quality ‘hit’ and ‘lead’ compounds needed by the industry. The evolution of ultrahigh‐throughput screening (HTS) and fast computer‐based virtual high‐throughput screening (VHTS), provide two contrasting techniques for the potential identification of new active hit compounds. This article considers the trends adopted in the design of large to small compound libraries and some of the recent technologies that aim to search and select from chemical space in order to focus libraries towards known chemical ligands or biological target structures. The ability to combine multiple approaches against a given therapeutic target remains the best approach for success.
A model‐based approach in the estimation of the maximum tolerated dose in phase I cancer clinical trials
Authors: He Weili , Liu Jun , Binkowitz Bruce , Quan Hui
Published: July 2005

The primary aim of a phase I cancer clinical trial is to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a new agent. The MTD is determined as the highest dose level of a potential therapeutic agent at which the patients have experienced an acceptable level of dose limiting toxicity. Although many other types of designs have been proposed in recent years, the traditional algorithm‐based designs, especially the 3+3 designs, are still widely used due to their practical simplicity. Simulation studies have shown that the traditional algorithm‐based designs cannot provide reasonable estimates of the MTD due to their intrinsic design limitations. In this paper, we propose a model‐based approach in the estimation of the MTD following a traditional 3+3 design. Simulation results indicate that our model‐based approach produces much less biased estimates of the MTD compared to the estimates obtained from the traditional 3+3 designs. Furthermore, our model‐based approach can be easily extended to any traditional A+B design. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aquaporin Water Channels
Authors: Agre Peter
Published: July 2005

Thank you very much. I am humbled, I am delighted; I am honored. This is every scientist's dream: to give the Nobel Lecture in Stockholm. But I would not be honest if I did not tell you that I am having a little anxiety being on this platform. I have lectured a number of times in Sweden, and I thought I would share with you some events preceding a special lecture that I gave here a few years ago. Arriving at Arlanda Airport, I waited in line at the Pass Control behind a group of businessmen in suits with briefcases. I heard the first in line asked by the control officer to state the purpose of his visit to Sweden. When the man replied “business,” the officer approved and stamped his passport. One at a time, each stepped forward and was asked the same thing; each answered “business” and was approved. Eventually it was my turn, and I was dressed in rumpled clothes after spending the night in the Economy Minus section of an SAS jetliner. The officer asked me the purpose of my visit, and I said “I am here to give the von Euler Lecture at Karolinska Institute.” The officer immediately looked up, stared at me, and asked, “Are you nervous?” At that point I became intensely nervous and said “Yes, I am a little nervous.” The officer looked up again and stated “Well, you should be!“ So if the lecturers look a little nervous, the problem is at Arlanda.
Internalization of Human 5-HT4a and 5-HT4b Receptors is Splice Variant Dependent
Authors: Pindon Armelle , Hecke Geert Van , Josson Katty , Gompel Paul Van , Lesage Anne , Leysen Josee E. , Jurzak Mirek
Published: July 2005

The family of 5-HT4 receptors comprises 16 putative splice variants. We have previously shown that there are differences in signal transduction of the h5-HT4a and h5-HT4b receptors. In the present study, the internalization of these two splice variants following receptor stimulation was investigated with confocal microscopy on living cells. Chimeric receptors, h5-HT4a-GFP and h5-HT4b-GFP were generated by fusing the coding sequence of the 5-HT4 receptor with the coding sequence of the GFP. The agonist stimulation of fluorescent receptors resulted in a time-dependent internalization of the h5-HT4b-GFP receptor, but not of the h5-HT4a-GFP receptor. The h5-HT4b receptor displays a dual coupling to Gαi,o and Gαs proteins, in contrast to the h5-HT4a receptor, which couples to Gαs proteins only. We investigated whether the difference in internalization of the two splice variant receptors was related to their differential coupling. Therefore, we performed agonist-stimulation of the receptor following inhibition of the Gαi,o protein coupling using PTX. The h5-HT4b receptor internalization is PTX insensitive. We co-transfected the fluorescent chimeric receptors with other wild-type variants, which did not produce an alteration of the receptor trafficking. These findings provide the first evidence of differential internalization between the two splice variants, 5-HT4a and 5-HT4b receptors.
Genomic Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Lectin Gene from Zantedeschia aethiopica
Authors: Chen Zhonghai , Sun Xiaofen , Tang Kexuan
Published: July 2005

A new lectin gene was isolated by using genomic walker technology and revealed to encode a mannose-binding lectin. Analysis of a 2233 bp segment revealed a gene including a 1169 bp 5′ flanking region, a 417 bp open reading frame (ORF) and a 649 bp 3′ flanking region. There are two putative TATA boxes and eight possible CAAT boxes lie in the 5′ flanking region. The ORF encodes a 15.1 kDa precursor, which contains a 24-amino acid signal peptide. One possible polyadenylation signal is found in the 3′-flanking region. No intron was detected within the region of genomic sequence corresponding to zaa (Zantedeschia aethiopica agglutinin) full-length cDNA, which is typical of other mannose-binding lectin gene that have been reported. The deduced amino acid sequence of the lectin gene coding region shares 49–54% homology with other known lectins. The cloning of this new lectin gene will allow us to further study its structure, expression and regulation mechanisms.
Quasi-linear parabolic equations with degenerate coercivity having a quadratic gradient term
Authors: Dall'Aglio A. , Giachetti D. , Leone C. , Segura de León S.
Published: July 2005

We study existence and regularity of distributional solutions for possibly degenerate quasi-linear parabolic problems having a first order term which grows quadratically in the gradient. The model problem we refer to is the following

\begin{cases}
u_{t}−\mathrm{div}(\alpha (u)\mathrm{∇}u) = \beta (u)|\mathrm{∇}u|^{2} + f(x,t), & \text{in }\Omega \times ]0,T[; \\
u(x,t) = 0, & \text{on }\partial \Omega \times ]0,T[; \\
u(x,0) = u_{0}(x), & \text{in }\Omega.
\end{cases}

Here

Ω

is a bounded open set in

\mathbb{R}^{N}

,

T > 0

. The unknown function

u = u(x,t)

depends on

x \in \Omega

and

t \in ]0,T[

. The symbol

∇u

denotes the gradient of

u

with respect to

x

. The real functions

α

,

β

are continuous; moreover

α

is positive, bounded and may vanish at

±∞

. As far as the data are concerned, we require the following assumptions:

\int \limits_{\Omega }\Phi \left(u_{0}(x)\right)\:\mathrm{d}x < \infty

where

Φ

is a convenient function which is superlinear at

±∞

and

f(x,t) \in L^{r}\left(0,T;L^{q}(\Omega )\right)\:\text{with }\frac{1}{r} + \frac{N}{2q}⩽1.

We give sufficient conditions on

α

and

β

in order to have distributional solutions. We point out that the assumptions on the data do not guarantee in general the boundedness of the solutions; this means that the coercivity of the principal part of the operator can really degenerate. Moreover, a boundedness result is proved when the assumptions on the data are strengthened.

Nous étudions l'existence et la régularité des solutions au sens des distributions de problèmes paraboliques quasi-linéaires qui présentent un terme du premier ordre à croissance quadratique par rapport au gradient et dont la partie principale peut dégénérer.

Le problème modèle auquel nous nous référons est (1) ci-dessous, où les fonctions

α

et

β

sont à valeurs réelles et continues ; de plus

α

est positive et bornée mais peut s'annuler à

±∞

. En ce qui concerne les données

u_{0}(x)

et

f(x,t)

, nous supposons que

\int _{\Omega }\Phi (u_{0}(x))\:\mathrm{d}x < \infty

, où la fonction

Φ

est superlinéaire à ±∞, et que

f(x,t) \in L^{r}(0,T;L^{q}(\Omega ))

avec

\frac{1}{r} + \frac{N}{2q}⩽1

.

Nous donnons des conditions suffisantes sur

α

et

β

qui assurent l'existence de solutions au sens des distributions. Ces conditions sur les données n'impliquent pas en général que les solutions soient bornées, donc la coercivité de la partie principale de l'opérateur peut vraiment dégénérer. Mais quand nous imposons des conditions plus fortes sur les données, nous démontrons que les solutions sont bornées.
FMS*Calciumfluor specifically increases mRNA levels and induces signaling via MAPK 42,44 and not FAK in differentiating rat osteoblasts
Authors: Manduca P. , Marchisio S. , Astigiano S. , Zanotti S. , Galmozzi F. , Palermo C. , Palmieri D.
Published: July 2005

The homeopathic compound of resonance FMS*Calciumfluor (FMS*) reportedly promotes osteogenic differentiation of rat pre‐osteoblasts in vitro. Here, we show that the continuous exposure of differentiating rat osteogenic cells (ROB) to FMS* modulates the level of expression of mRNAs for 7 of the 8 osteogenic markers tested. Alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteocalcin (OC), metalloproteinases (MMP‐2 and −14), procollagenase C (BMP‐1), biglycan (BG) and integrin 1 are expressed at higher levels in FMS*‐treated osteoblasts than in control cultures. MMP‐2 and −14 mRNA are not down‐modulated at mineralization. Also, the pattern of expression induced by FMS* for some of these genes (BMP‐1, BG and integrin 1) is changed, but collagen type I (Coll I) mRNA levels are not affected by treatment with FMS*. This suggests that FMS* modulates mRNA levels and that this is not generalized, but gene(s) specific. We also report that exposure to FMS* rapidly and transiently induces activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) 42,44 in populations of early osteoblasts, but not in pre‐osteoblasts, with a cell differentiation stage‐dependent and pertussis toxin (PTX)‐sensitive response. Subsequent to FMS* MAPK signaling activation, an increase in AP and MMP‐14 mRNA is detected, which is also inhibited by PTX, suggesting that FMS* activation of MAPK signaling could be an early event required for the induction of these genes. Exposure to FMS* does not cause changes in the activity of p125 (FAK)‐mediated signaling.
Probing cytoskeleton modulation by optical biosensors
Authors: Fang Ye , Ferrie Ann M. , Li Guangshan
Published: July 2005

This paper reported the use of resonant waveguide grating biosensors for studying the cytoskeleton structure in cells. This was achieved by measuring the changes in mass within the bottom portion of cells upon exposure to saponin in the absence and presence of cytoskeleton modulators. Treatment of Chinese hamster ovary cells with saponin led to a dose‐dependent and dynamic mass changes. When a higher concentration of saponin (>60 μg/ml) was used, a net loss in mass was observed. This is probably resulted from the diffusion of soluble intracellular materials away from the bottom portion of cells after pore formation in the cell plasma membranes by saponin. The pretreatment of cells with actin disruption agents, cytochalasin B and latrunculin A, led to significantly increased loss in cell mass induced by either 75 or 125 μg/ml saponin. These results suggested that optical biosensors provide an attractive means to study the cytoskeleton structure and screen modulators that affect the cytoskeleton structure.
A New Minimal Approach in Cochlear Implant Surgery: The Colombian Experience
Authors: Almario Jorge E. , Lora Jose G. , Prieto Jose A.
Published: July 2005

OBJECTIVES:

To implement a minimal invasive approach in cochlear implant surgery for children and adults. In order to decrease surgical complications and morbidity with the surgery.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

During a 1‐year period, 12 consecutive patients (5 female and 7 male; age range, 1.5 to 78 years; mean age, 14.5 years), who had cochlear implantation (1 Nucleus and 11 Clarion) through a new surgical approach, were prospectively evaluated.

RESULTS:

The surgical approach was accomplished in all the patients with no major complications. The mean surgical time was 3.2 hours and the mean time between surgery and process of programming was 2.7 weeks.

CONCLUSION:

The surgical trauma and postoperatory edema was decreased and allowed programming of the implant in a shorter period of time.
Advanced Soft Palate Cancer: The Clinical Importance of the Parapharyngeal Space
Authors: Douglas Wade G. , Rigual Nestor R. , Giese William , Bauer Joseph , Wiseman Sam M. , Loree Thom R. , Schwarz James , Alrawi Sadir , Hicks Wesley L.
Published: July 2005

OBJECTIVE:

To identify the incidence of parapharyngeal space (PPS) recurrences and how they impact survival in advanced‐stage soft‐palate carcinoma patients.

STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:

One hundred thirty‐seven patients' charts were reviewed from 1971 to 1996. Inclusion criteria were patients who received a per‐oral resection, discontinuous neck dissection, and postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy; 15 patients met criteria for inclusion. The incidence of PPS recurrences, regional failure, and survival were endpoints that were analyzed.

RESULTS:

There were no local failures in our study. Regional failures excluding the PPS (levels I‐V) were 27%, and 40% occurred within the PPS. Cervical adenopathy was associated with 83% of the PPS recurrences. Median survival for PPS recurrences was 26 months, compared with 67 months for levels I‐V recurrences (n = ns).

CONCLUSIONS:

The incidence of PPS recurrences is substantial in advanced‐stage soft‐palate cancer. PPS recurrences negatively impact survival; without effective salvage techniques for these recurrences or effective adjuvant therapy, poor patient outcomes can be expected.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss, Early Greying, and Essential Tremor: A New Hereditary Syndrome?
Authors: Karmody Collin S. , Blevins Nikolas H. , Lalwani Anil K.
Published: July 2005

OBJECTIVE:

To present a syndrome composed of sensorineural hearing loss, early greying of scalp hair, and adult‐onset essential tremor.

STUDY DESIGN:

Retrospective chart review.

SETTING:

Tertiary care academic hospital.

RESULTS:

Three individuals were seen with this triad, each with family members with similar features. Our patients are a 65‐year‐old man and two women in their 40s. Two noted hearing loss in adulthood, one as a child. All had complete greying in their 20s. The women developed essential tremor in their 20s, and the man in his 50s. All individuals have blue eyes without heterochromia. Additional evaluation failed to further categorize these patients. Each has two or more immediate family members with a combination of these findings. Molecular genetic testing suggests this is not a variant of Waardenburg syndrome.

CONCLUSION:

We believe this represents a previously unreported hereditary syndrome.

SIGNIFICANCE:

This new syndrome should be considered in the context of other syndromes involving audition, pigmentation, and movement.
Skull Base Osteomyelitis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in Atypical Presentation
Authors: Singh Amar , Khabori Mazin Al
Published: July 2005

OBJECTIVE:

We sought to document the diagnostic and management difficulties in masked skull base osteomyelitis secondary to malignant otitis externa, with emphasis on establishing diagnostic criteria in recurrence.

STUDY DESIGN:

Retrospective analysis of 3 cases of inadequately treated malignant otitis externa in elderly diabetic individuals leading to recurrence and atypical manifestations of skull base osteomyelitis on contralateral side with or without multiple cranial nerve involvement.

RESULTS:

Two of the 3 cases died of the disease despite aggressive treatment. One case was treated successfully with combination of antipsuedamonal microbial drugs for 8 to 12 weeks and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Major complications such as thrombosis of lateral sinus and internal jugular vein, meningitis, ophthalmoplegia, blindness, cervical spine erosion and paralysis of all cranial nerves with exception of Ist cranial nerve were observed.

CONCLUSION:

There is high morbitity and mortality associated with skull base osteomyelitis. In partially treated cases of malignant otitis externa, atypical symptoms and findings of unilateral severe otalgia, unremitting headache, and presence of high ESR, unilateral OME, constitute diagnostic clues of skull base osteomyelitis. Such cases require further investigation with CT, MRI, Technetium 99 and gallium 67 scintigraphy and aggressive management.
The Effect of Injection Immunotherapy on Mucociliary Clearance in Allergic Patients
Authors: Cmejrek Ryan C. , Gutman Michael T. , Torres Augusto J. , Keen Kevin J. , Houser Steven M.
Published: July 2005

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the effect of injection immunotherapy on mucociliary clearance in allergic patients with the use of the saccharin test.

METHODS:

In this prospective cohort study, mucociliary clearance in 42 allergic patients treated with injection immunotherapy was determined with the saccharin test. Of these patients, 23 were retested 1 year later to assess changes in mucociliary clearance times. Mean results for historical controls were determined in a review and meta‐analysis of the existing literature.

RESULTS:

Saccharin clearance times (SCTs) were initially prolonged in allergic patients who received injection immunotherapy when compared to historical controls (one‐sided P value < 0.05). However, after 1 year of immunotherapy, there was a significant reduction in SCTs in our patient population. This finding was independent of other evaluated patient characteristics, with the exception of nasal steroid use, which was also significantly associated with a decrease in SCT.

CONCLUSIONS:

After 1 year of injection immunotherapy, there was a significant reduction in mean SCT in our patient population. Of the other factors studied, only nasal steroid was associated with decreased mucociliary clearance times. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature documenting the beneficial effect of injection immunotherapy on mucociliary clearance as measured by saccharin clearance times. Nevertheless, further research is warranted, given the confounding effect of nasal steroid use.
Basal processes beneath an Arctic glacier and their geomorphic imprint after a surge, Elisebreen, Svalbard
Authors: Christoffersen Poul , Piotrowski Jan A. , Larsen Nicolaj K.
Published: July 2005

The foreground of Elisebreen, a retreating valley glacier in West Svalbard, exhibits a well-preserved assemblage of subglacial landforms including ice-flow parallel ridges (flutings), ice-flow oblique ridges (crevasse-fill features), and meandering ridges (infill of basal meltwater conduits). Other landforms are thrust-block moraine, hummocky terrain, and drumlinoid hills. We argue in agreement with geomorphological models that this landform assemblage was generated by ice-flow instability, possibly a surge, which took place in the past when the ice was thicker and the bed warmer. The surge likely occurred due to elevated pore-water pressure in a thin layer of thawed and water-saturated till that separated glacier ice from a frozen substratum. Termination may have been caused by a combination of water drainage and loss of lubricating sediment. Sedimentological investigations indicate that key landforms may be formed by weak till oozing into basal cavities and crevasses, opening in response to accelerated ice flow, and into water conduits abandoned during rearrangement of the basal water system. Today, Elisebreen may no longer have surge potential due to its diminished size. The ability to identify ice-flow instability from geomorphological criteria is important in deglaciated terrain as well as in regions where ice dynamics are adapting to climate change.
The Rise and Fall of the Victorian Stage Baby
Authors: Varty Anne
Published: July 2005

Real or imaginary, babies provided the Victorian public with a favourite spectacle, featuring in sensational, domestic, and farcical plays, often at the centre of the plot. Impossible to train, their deployment was not without hazard. Under scrutiny here are the range of their manifestations and the effects they could generate. Warren's baby farce Nita's First (1884) emerges as a precursor to The Importance of Being Earnest; Morton's nameless Children in the Wood (1793) swell into music-hall stars by the time of the Drury Lane pantomime of 1888. The departure of real babies from the stage was dictated by the Prevention of Cruelty to Children Act of 1889—legislation which had in turn been influenced by the rhetoric of moral reformers which constructed all theatre children as vulnerable, exploited ‘babies’ in need of protection, not applause. The author, Anne Varty, is a Senior Lecturer in the English Department at Royal Holloway, University of London.
Tom Stoppard, New Historicism, and Estrangement in Travesties
Authors: Er Zekiye
Published: July 2005

New historicism rewrites history from different viewpoints in order to prove that the past is inaccessible, and all historians can do is to work on incomplete knowledge, aware of the fact that a teleological, linear approach to their subject is misleading. In this study, Zekiye Er aims not only to analyze Tom Stoppard's Travesties from a new historicist stance, but also to utilize a new historicist approach to an understanding of what Stoppard is doing in the play, in the light of the striking parallels between Stoppard's technique and the new historicist critics' methods of analyzing history and literary texts. She concludes that Stoppard himself plays the role of a new historicist while writing a brilliant comedy of ideas. Zekiye Er received her PhD for a dissertation on Stoppardian drama from Ankara University in 2004. She has been working as a lecturer in the Department of English Language and Literature of Gaziantep University since 1993.
Innovative Spirit at the Heart of Theatre Studies
Authors: Kershaw Baz
Published: July 2005

Clive Barker made an exceptional contribution to British theatre studies and its international standing. No one else of his generation travelled the extraordinary distance from a conventional stage-management course to become a world leader in actor training workshops, as well as an editor and scholar of distinction. He was a pioneer in bridging the uneasy divide between the professional theatre and its serious study in British universities.
The Comeback Kid
Authors: McCaw Dick
Published: July 2005

I picture Clive Barker surrounded by plastic bags of all colours, shapes, and sizes, each one crammed with pieces of paper. This was the encyclopedia of world theatre that he carried about with him: there were facts, anecdotes, commentaries on plays, playwrights, theatre forms, theatre companies, theatre movements—and more stories than you could tell in a thousand and one nights.
Costs of resource depletion externalities: a study of groundwater overexploitation in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: REDDY V. RATNA
Published: July 2005

The main objective of the paper is to estimate the costs of groundwater over exploitation and examine the costs and benefits from groundwater replenishing mechanisms in different ecological contexts. Using the public good and externalities framework, the study shows how groundwater exploitation in Andhra Pradesh, India is resulting in economic losses to individual farmers apart from ecological degradation. It is argued that policies towards strengthening the resource base (replenishment mechanisms) and equitable distribution of the resource (property rights) would be beneficial, economically as well as ecologically.

The analysis is in favour of investment in replenishment mechanisms such as irrigation tanks and percolation tanks. The situation of over extraction and the resultant environmental degradation is a consequence of lack of appropriate and adequate policies (policy failure) for managing the subsurface water resources. Hitherto, groundwater policies (subsidized credit, power, etc.) are in the nature of encouraging private initiatives in groundwater development. It is argued that community-based investments in replenishment as well as extraction of groundwater would make better economic as well as ecological sense.
Oxygen isotope constraints on the sources of Central American arc lavas
Authors: Eiler John M. , Carr Michael J. , Reagan Mark , Stolper Edward
Published: July 2005

Oxygen‐isotope ratios of olivine and plagioclase phenocrysts in basalts and basaltic andesites from the Central American arc vary systematically with location, from a minimum δ18Oolivine value of 4.6 (below the range typical of terrestrial basalts) in Nicaragua near the center of the arc to a maximum δ18Oolivine value of 5.7 (above the typical range) in Guatemala near the northwest end of the arc. These oxygen‐isotope variations correlate with major and trace element abundances and with Sr and Nd isotope compositions of host lavas, defining trends that suggest variations in δ18O reflect slab contributions to the mantle sources of these lavas. These trends can be explained by a model in which both a low‐δ18O, water‐rich component and a high‐δ18O, water‐poor component are extracted from the subducting Cocos slab and flux melting in the overlying mantle wedge. The first of these components dominates slab fluxes beneath the center of the arc and is the principal control on the extent of melting of the mantle wedge (which is highest in the center of the arc); the second component dominates slab fluxes beneath the northwestern margin of the arc. Fluxes of both components are small or negligible beneath the southeastern margin of the arc. We suggest that the low‐δ18O component is a solute‐rich aqueous fluid produced by dehydration of hydrothermally altered rocks deep within the Cocos slab (perhaps serpentinites produced in deep normal faults offshore of Nicaragua) and that the high‐δ18O component is a partial melt of subducted sediment on top of the plate.
On the relationships between the pore size distribution index and characteristics of the soil hydraulic functions
Authors: Assouline S.
Published: July 2005

Continuous mathematical expressions of the soil hydraulic functions, namely, the water retention curve (WRC) and the relative hydraulic conductivity function (RHC), are indispensable for the solution of the equations describing flow processes in soils. The WRC model of Brooks and Corey is a widely used empirical, easy to derive but discontinuous expression that introduces the pore size distribution index, ?, and Mualem's approach is widely used to predict the RHC in terms of the WRC. When this approach is applied to the Brooks and Corey expression, the prediction of the RHC depends solely on ?. The present study used measured hydraulic functions of a wide range of soil types to derive parameter equivalence between the parameters ?c and ? of the Brooks and Corey expression and the parameters ? and µ of the continuous expression that results from the WRC model of Assouline et al. Strong relationships were found between µ and ? and between ? and (?c-?). Also, it was found that ? is inversely proportional to the coefficient of variation, ?, of the WRC. On the basis of a previous relationship between the parameter ? in the RHC model of Assouline and ? a relationship between ? and ? is derived. This leads to a new simple expression for the prediction of the RHC.
Theoretical and conceptual models of subsurface hillslope flows
Authors: Basha H. A. , Maalouf S. F.
Published: July 2005

Theoretical and conceptual models for predicting the subsurface flow in a sloping aquifer are presented. One category of models is of the lumped conceptual type that is based on combining the continuity equation with discharge‐storage relationships derived from the steady state solutions of the linearized Boussinesq equation. The second categories of models are derived from the linearized unsteady Boussinesq equation using the method of Green's function. The Green's function solution determines the water table profile and the aquifer outflow for nonuniform and nonsteady recharge distribution, arbitrary initial water table profile, and time‐varying stream level at the downstream end. The latter theoretical models pertain to a finite domain and to a semi‐infinite domain and are of two types depending on the linearization approach. The conceptual and theoretical models are used to derive the outflow and the cumulative outflow expressions for a particular set of conditions, and a comparative analysis is carried out. Semi‐infinite aquifer models generate almost the same results as the more complicated finite aquifer models and the quasi‐steady state models perform as well as the nonsteady ones for long recharge events. The kinematic wave model is also shown to provide a good approximation of Boussinesq models for steep slopes and high hydraulic conductivity. The application of the various models is also illustrated for three published experimental data. The present models can be easily incorporated in catchments models and can provide a suitable framework for aquifer parameter estimation, base flow separation and recession analysis, and analysis of drainage in landfills.
Mississippi River water in the Florida Straits and in the Gulf Stream off Georgia in summer 2004
Authors: Hu Chuanmin , Nelson James R. , Johns Elizabeth , Chen Zhiqiang , Weisberg Robert H. , Müller‐Karger Frank E.
Published: July 2005

A coherent plume from the Mississippi River was detected in MODIS imagery in July–October 2004 extending from the eastern Gulf of Mexico into the Florida Straits (FS), and reaching the Gulf Stream (GS) off Georgia. The plume was sampled from ships in the FS and the GS. In early August, the plume was about 10–20 km wide in the western FS and about 50 km wide off Georgia. The FS ship survey (16–26 August) documented a 50 km, 10–20 m deep band with anomalies in surface salinity (−0.8), temperature (0.5°C), and surface chlorophyll concentration (2×) relative to FS waters outside the plume. Nutrient concentrations were only slightly higher in the FS plume and there was no apparent increase in colored dissolved organic matter. We estimate that the plume carried some 23% (∼2778 m3 s−1) of the Mississippi River discharge between July and September 2004 into the GS.
Role of α2A‐adrenoceptors in the effects of MDMA on body temperature in the mouse
Authors: Bexis Sotiria , Docherty James R
Published: July 2005

3,4‐Methylenedioxymetamphetamine (MDMA) produces complex effects on body temperature, including hypo‐ and hyperthermic components that vary with ambient temperature and strain of rat. We have previously reported that MDMA is an α2‐adrenoceptor agonist, and α2‐adrenoceptor agonists such as clonidine produce hypothermia.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of MDMA on core body temperature measured by radiotelemetry in conscious wild‐type (WT) and α2A‐knockout (α2A‐KO) mice.

Clonidine (0.1 mg kg−1, subcutaneously (s.c.)) produced a hypothermic response in WT mice, but did not significantly affect temperature in α2‐KO mice. MDMA (20 mg kg−1, s.c.) produced a significant hyperthermia in WT mice beginning at approximately 100 min after injection, recovering by 300 min, but produced a biphasic response, hypothermia followed by hyperthermia, in α2‐KO mice.

In WT mice, following the α2A‐adrenoceptor antagonist 2‐((4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1‐methyl‐1H‐isoindole (1 mg kg−1, s.c.), MDMA (20 mg kg−1) produced an initial hypothermia.

Hence, α2‐adrenoceptor agonist actions of MDMA contribute to its effects on body temperature, but in a surprising way. Although selective α2A‐adrenoceptor agonism produces hypothermia, the α2A‐adrenoceptor actions of MDMA alter the body temperature response to MDMA from biphasic (hypothermia followed by hyperthermia) to monophasic hyperthemia.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 1–6. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706320
Monitoring Cytosolic pH of Carboxysome‐Deficient Cells of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Using Fluorescence Analysis
Authors: Berry S. , Fischer J. H. , Kruip J. , Hauser M. , Wildner G. F.
Published: July 2005

Abstract: Disruption of the ccmM gene in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 causes a deficiency of carboxysomes and impairs growth in ambient CO2. The effect of this gene defect on cellular metabolism was investigated using electron microscopy, biochemical and fluorescence analysis. Mutant cells were devoid of the characteristic dense polyhedral bodies called carboxysomes. The photosynthetic oxygen evolution was considerably lower in mutant cells compared to wild type, while Rubisco activity in cell extracts was similar. During photosynthetic CO2‐dependent oxygen evolution, Rubisco Vmax dropped from 142 micromol mg‐1 chlorophyll h‐1 (WT) to 77 micromol mg‐1 chlorophyll h‐1 in the mutant cells, and the Km for Ci (inorganic carbon) increased from 0.5 mM (WT) to 40 mM. The fluorescent indicator, acridine yellow, was used for non‐invasive measurements of cytoplasmic pH changes in whole cells induced by addition of Ci, making use of the decrease in fluorescence yield that accompanies cytoplasmic acidification. The experimental results indicate that control of the cytoplasmic pH is linked to the internal carbon pool (Ci). Both wild‐type and ccmM‐deficient cells showed a linear response of acridine yellow fluorescence quenching and, thus, of internal acidification, with respect to externally added inorganic carbon. However, the fluorescence analysis of mutant (carboxysome‐free) cells indicated slower kinetics of Ci accumulation.
The Pollination of Bromelia antiacantha (Bromeliaceae) in Southeastern Brazil: Ornithophilous versus Melittophilous Features
Authors: Canela M. B. F. , Sazima M.
Published: July 2005

Abstract: Bromelia antiacantha flowered from December to February and during this period the central leaves and bracts displayed a bright red colour. The inflorescence bears 150 ‐ 350 flowers, with 10 ‐ 35 flowers opening per day over 4 ‐ 5 days. The flowers are dark magenta coloured with white margins, tubular‐shaped with a wide opening, and their stigma is situated below the anthers. Anthesis began around 4:00 h and flowers lasted approximately 15 h. The highest nectar volume and sugar concentration occurred between 4:00 ‐ 6:00 h; after this period, both decreased throughout the day. B. antiacantha is partially self‐incompatible, non‐autogamous, and therefore, pollinator dependent. The hummingbirds Thalurania glaucopis, Amazilia fimbriata, and Ramphodon naevius were its most frequent pollinators (55 % of the visits), visiting flowers mainly in the afternoon. The scattered distribution of B. antiacantha promoted trap‐lining behaviour of the hummingbirds, which favoured fruit set through xenogamy. Corolla colour, wide flower opening, sweet odour and concentrated nectar early in the day favoured bee visitation. Of the 38 % of bee visits, 96 % were made by Bombus morio, mainly in the morning and their behaviour promoted self‐pollination. The bee Trigona spinipes frequently acted as a pollen and nectar thief early in the morning, excluding most of the hummingbirds. Bromelia antiacantha has ornithophilous and melittophilous features, and despite being pollinated by two kinds of agents, its reproductive success depends on a given set of circumstances.
Suppression of parasitic Si substrate oxidation in HfO2–ultrathin-Al2O3–Si structures prepared by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Park Myungjin , Koo Jaehyoung , Kim Jinwoo , Jeon Hyeongtag , Bae Choelhwyi , Krug Cristiano
Published: July 2005

We investigated the effects of Al2O3 thickness on the suppression of parasitic substrate oxidation in HfO2–ultrathin-Al2O3–Si structures. The use of H2O as oxidizing agent in the atomic layer deposition (ALD) chemistry is considered key to preventing the formation of an SiOx interlayer during oxide deposition. An Al2O3 layer prepared with 10 cycles of atomic layer deposition (ALD, ∼0.74nm) effectively suppressed substrate oxidation during rapid thermal annealing in N2 for 10 s below 800 °C. Parasitic oxidation was observed at 600 °C for samples with only five cycles or without Al2O3. Ultrathin Al2O3 films can be relevant for the integration of HfO2 as gate dielectric in silicon technology.
Quantum phase space for the one-dimensional hydrogen atom on the hyperbola
Authors: Pogosyan George S. , Vicent Luis Edgar , Wolf Kurt Bernardo
Published: July 2005

We obtain the solution of the one-dimensional hydrogen atom on the hyperbola by transforming its Schrödinger equation into the modified Pöschl-Teller equation. We write explicitly the wave functions both in configuration and momentum space, and check the contraction limit of the system to the flat space model. Finally, we find the closed form of the Wigner function for the states of this system.
Aerosol nanoparticles in the Fe1−xCrx system: Room-temperature stabilization of the σ phase and σ→α-phase transformation
Authors: Gich M. , Shafranovsky E. A. , Roig A. , Ślawska-Waniewska A. , Racka K. , Casas Ll. , Petrov Yu. I. , Molins E. , Thomas M. F.
Published: July 2005

The production and structural characterization of gas-evaporated nanoparticles in the Fe1−xCrx system, with 0<x<0.83 are reported. The results show that for x∼0.5 the metastable σ-FeCr can be stabilized and it constitutes up 60wt% of the material. The sample with the highest σ-FeCr content is further analyzed to study the structural and the magnetic properties of this phase and its thermal stability. The σ-FeCr phase is weakly magnetic with an average magnetic moment of 0.1μB per Fe atom and a Curie temperature below ∼60K. It is stable up to 550K where it starts to transform to bcc-FeCr. Annealing at 700K yields Cr2O3 due to Cr surface segregation and affects the magnetic behavior of the system, which is dominated by interparticle interactions.
Basis set convergence studies of Hartree–Fock calculations of molecular properties within the resolution of the identity approximation
Authors: Artemyev Alexander , Bibikov Anton , Zayets Valentin , Bodrenko Igor
Published: July 2005

Within the resolution of the identity (RI) method, the convergence of the Hartree–Fock (HF) total molecular energy and the multipole moments in the course of the combined regular expansion of the molecular and auxiliary (RI) basis sets is studied. Dunning’s cc-pVXZ series is used for both the molecular and the RI basis sets. The results show the calculated quantities converge to the HF limit when both the molecular and the RI basis sets are expanded from correlation-consistent polarized valence double zeta to correlation-consistent polarized valence sextuple zeta. Combinations of molecular/RI basis sets sufficient for convergence of the total energy and of the multipole moments at various accuracy levels have been determined. A measure of the RI basis set incompleteness is suggested and discussed. As it is significantly faster than the standard HF algorithm for small and midsize molecules, the RI-HF method, together with appropriate expanding series of both molecular and RI basis sets, provide an efficient tool to estimate and control the error of the Hartree–Fock calculations due to the finite basis set.