bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital and nurse-led support intervention in primary care during the first year after curative intent treatment for breast or prostate cancer: study protocol of two cluster randomised controlled pilot trials
Authors: Langius-Eklöf Ann , Craftman Åsa G , Gellerstedt Linda , Kelmendi Nazmije , Rooth Kristina , Gustavell Tina , Sundberg Kay
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The period directly after primary treatment for breast or prostate cancer is a time when patients feel unprepared about how to manage life and address unexpected health challenges. Supportive care should focus on identifying symptoms and concerns and involving survivors in their self‐care. Interventions using a blended model encompassing remote and in-person components may inform how supportive care can be organised. This protocol describes two pilot randomised controlled trials with the aim to investigate the acceptability, feasibility and potential effects of a 6 month digital and nurse-led support intervention in primary care for patients with breast or prostate cancer during the first year after primary treatment.

Methods and analysis

Two cluster randomised pilot trials including patients with breast or prostate cancer during the first year after ending primary treatment will run from 2023 in primary care centres in Region Stockholm. The trials will have an estimated sample size of 20 patients in each arm. The intervention groups receive a digital and nurse-led support intervention in combination with standard care, and the control groups receive standard care alone. To assess acceptability and feasibility, the participants in the intervention groups and the study nurses will be interviewed. Furthermore, digitally logged data and field notes by study-specific nurses will be analysed. Data collection for the potential effects of the intervention is conducted through self-reported standardised and validated questionnaires at baseline, and at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Data entry and analyses will be blinded to the researchers. Qualitative data will be analysed with content analysis, quantitative data will be evaluated by comparing changes within and between groups.

Ethics and dissemination

This project was reviewed and approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. Study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific and professional meetings.

Trial registration numbers

ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT06471452andNCT05100121.
Vaginal Microbiome Research Consortium for Africa: study protocol of a multicentre prospective clinical study to evaluate temporal vaginal microbial composition associated with maintenance of reproductive health in women in South Africa and Kenya
Authors: Kullin Brian Ronald , Gitome Serah , Happel Anna-Ursula , Pidwell Tanya , Lefevre Mellissa , Madikida Anda , Wekesa Pauline , Mahlangu Karabo , Ochieng James , Awili Lydia , Agolla Winnie , Otieno Rhoda , Mutharimi Amos , Ganief Yacoeb , Daniels Rezeen , Chicken Anika , Welp Kirsten , Livingstone Hannah , Swanepoel Caleb , Claassen-Weitz Shantelle , Kanyoka Pride , Ravel Jacques , Humphrys Michael , Bilski Lisa , Mulder Nicola , Bekker Linda-Gail , Gill Katherine , Jaspan Heather , Bukusi Elizabeth Anne , Passmore Jo-Ann Shelley
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The Vaginal Microbiome Research Consortium for Africa (VMRC4Africa) study is a multicentre observational cohort study. We aim to enrol parallel cohorts of 100 women from two sites in two African countries (N=200) (Desmond Tutu HIV Centre [DTHC], South Africa; Kenya Medical Research Institute [KEMRI], Kenya) to evaluate detailed temporal fluctuations in vaginal microbiota in young, generally healthy women from Southern and Eastern Africa.

Methods and analysis

Cohorts in Kenya and South Africa will be followed up twice a week for 10 weeks to create detailed profiles of vaginal microbial community state types (CSTs; by 16S rRNA gene sequencing) and fungal communities (by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing) and to identify women with stableLactobacillus crispatus-dominated microbiota, with no evidence of genital inflammation, as assessed by the measurement of inflammatory cytokines.

Discussion

Through the establishment of this African vaginal sample biorepository, the intention will be to cultivateLactobacillusisolates to create a biobank from which to ultimately select geographically diverseLactobacillusstrains with health-promoting characteristics that can be co-formulated into live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) to treat bacterial vaginosis (BV) for women in sub-Saharan Africa.

Ethics and dissemination

The VMRC4Africa study has been granted ethical approval by the Human Research Ethics Committees in South Africa (UCT HREC: 611/2022) and Kenya (KEMRI Scientific and Ethics Review Unit: SERU No. 4569). Deidentified microbial community compositional data will be made available on public databases. Results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals.
Using codesign workshops to develop a conceptual framework for a mobile health app targeting chronic low back pain self-management
Authors: Zhou Tianyu , Kirby-Ginns Sarah , Salman David , McGregor Alison H
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The aim of this study was to gather insights from a diverse group of stakeholders, identify existing challenges and explore associated solutions to develop a conceptual framework that assists in the development of a chronic low back pain (CLBP) self-management app.

Design

Codesign workshop methodology.

Setting

The study was conducted online, allowing for the participation of a diverse group of stakeholders.

Participants

Participants were recruited through social media platforms and professional networks, including individuals with LBP for at least 3 months, healthcare professionals experienced in CLBP management and app developers with a background in digital health applications.

Interventions

The study used codesign workshops focused on brainstorming, communication and reflection exercises designed to foster collaboration and gather insights from stakeholders.

Outcome measures

Identification of key challenges and potential solutions for mobile health (mHealth) apps targeting CLBP.

Results

Nine stakeholders identified four primary challenges in current back pain apps: belief and trust, motivation, safety and usability. The group also collaboratively developed and proposed practical solutions to these challenges.

Conclusions

This study illustrated the utility of the codesign workshop approach in generating critical insights for the development of a mHealth solution for CLBP. The insights gathered from these workshops can be used to inform future app development, potentially improving user engagement.
Systems analysis of clinical incidents: development of a new edition of the London Protocol
Authors: Vincent Charles , Irving Dulcie , Bellandi Tommaso , Higham Helen , Michel Philippe , Staines Anthony , Adams Sally , Brown Jeff , Hibbert Peter Damian , Hemmelgarn Carole , Joseph Lallu , Pires Karina , Sheridan Susan , Sunol Rosa , Ushiro Shin , Wu Albert W , Zambon Lucas
Published: February 2025

The investigation of incidents and accidents, together with subsequent reflection and action, is an essential component of safety management in every safety-critical industry, including healthcare. A number of formal methods of incident analysis were developed in the early days of risk management and patient safety, including the London Protocol which was published in 2004. In this paper, we describe the development of a new edition of the London Protocol. We explain the need for a revised and expanded version of the London Protocol, addressing both the changes in healthcare in the last two decades and what has been learnt from the experience of incident analysis across the world. We describe a systematic process of development of the new edition drawing on the findings of a narrative review of incident analysis methods. The principal changes in the new edition are as follows: increased emphasis and guidance on the engagement of patients and families as partners in the investigation; giving more attention to the support of patients, families and staff in the aftermath of an incident; emphasising the value of a small number of in-depth analyses combined with thematic reviews of wider problems; including proposals and guidance for the examination of much longer time periods; emphasising the need to highlight good care as well as problems; adding guidance on direct observation of the work environment; providing a more structured and wide-ranging approach to recommendations and including more guidance on how to write safety incident reports. Finally, we offer some proposals to place research on incident analysis on a firmer foundation and make suggestions for the practice and implementation of incident investigation within safety management systems.
Injury and illness prevention practices in Qatar’s professional football clubs—implementation of the IP2NetWork
Authors: Hassanmirzaei Bahar , Schumacher Yorck Olaf , Tabben Montassar , Chaabane Mokthar , Chebbi Souhail , Daoud Ramadan , Heitor Miguel , Miladi Riadh , Rekik Raouf Nader , Skhiri Oussama , Bahr Roald
Published: February 2025

Background

The Aspetar Sports Injury and Illness Prevention Programme introduced the Aspetar IP2NetWork, a customizable injury prevention programme for professional football clubs in Qatar during the 2020/2021 season. It includes 23 focus areas selected by stakeholders to prevent sports-related health issues.

Objective

To assess the real world implementation of the IP2NetWork preventive focus areas during the first season after introduction, focusing on team adoption and player compliance.

Methods

A survey was conducted among team physicians, physiotherapists and fitness coaches from the 18 professional football clubs in Qatar. The survey examined the implementation of the IP2NetWork focus areas and the roles of the different professionals in managing these areas.

Results

17 out of 18 clubs reported using IP2focus areas, applying an average of 11.4 areas (range 4–21). The most commonly used strategies were the Nordic hamstring exercise, cold water immersion, taping and concussion prevention. Team physicians led 38% of the focus areas, followed by physiotherapists (25%) and fitness coaches (24%), with 11% managed collaboratively. Fitness coaches primarily handled exercise-based areas like warm-ups and load monitoring. Preventive measures were applied to the full squad in 81% of cases, with 19% targeting at-risk players. Player compliance was high, with 86% of focus areas adopted by all or most players, rising to 97% for players identified to be at greater risk of injury or illness.

Conclusion

Implementing the IP2focus areas was widespread among teams in Qatar, with strong collaboration between medical staff. Player compliance, especially among at-risk players, was excellent, demonstrating the programme’s feasibility and effectiveness in real-world settings.
Early medical abortion before missed menses: a prospective observational study of outcomes of abortion at less than 30 days from last menstrual period
Authors: Wheate Elizabeth April , Reynolds-Wright John Joseph , Cameron Sharon T
Published: February 2025

Introduction

High-sensitivity urine pregnancy tests can detect pregnancy before missed menses. The widespread availability of these tests, alongside improvements in abortion access in many settings, may mean more women present for abortion at a very early stage of pregnancy. We aimed to examine the outcome of early medical abortion (EMA) in pregnancies less than 30 days from last menstrual period (LMP).

Methods

This study analysed prospectively collected data on patients at less than 30 days from LMP seeking abortion at a single service in Edinburgh, UK between March 2020 and December 2023. We determined the effectiveness, outcomes of the pregnancy (complete abortion, ongoing pregnancy, incomplete abortion) and serious complications among those seeking EMA at this gestation.

Results

Of 13 565 patients seeking abortion, 78 (0.6%) presented with a self-reported positive home pregnancy test and less than 30 days from LMP. Some 63/78 patients (81%) proceeded to EMA with mifepristone followed by misoprostol. Of this group, 31/63 (49%) had a pre-abortion ultrasound. Complete abortion occurred in 58/63 (92%, 95% CI 82% to 97%), 4/63 (6%) had an ongoing pregnancy and 1 (1%) had a surgical evacuation for incomplete abortion. There were no serious complications.

Conclusions

Only a very small percentage of patients present for abortion before a missed period. Nevertheless, EMA at this stage is safe and effective. There may be a higher rate of ongoing pregnancy, and so those patients wishing to proceed to EMA should be advised of the importance of confirming success in line with local protocols.
Characterisation of MRGPRX2+mast cells in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Decraecker Lisse , Cuende Estévez María , Van Remoortel Samuel , Quan Runze , Stakenborg Nathalie , Wang Zheng , De Marco Elisabetta , Denadai-Souza Alexandre , Viola Maria Francesca , Garcia Caraballo Sonia , Brierley Stuart , Tsukimi Yasuhiro , Hicks Gareth , Winchester Wendy , Wykosky Jill , Fanjul Andrea , Gibson Tony , Wouters Mira , Vanden Berghe Pieter , Hussein Hind , Boeckxstaens Guy
Published: February 2025

Background

Mast cell activation is an important driver of abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). While evidence supports the role of IgE-mediated mast cell activation in visceral pain development in IBS, the role of pseudoallergic MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell activation in this process remains unknown.

Objective

We investigated whether MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell activation plays a role in abdominal pain development in patients with IBS.

Design

MRGPRX2 expression in mast cells and other immune cells was characterised across colon layers using flow cytometry. We evaluated whether MRGPRX2 agonists trigger mast cell degranulation and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) sensitisation in healthy human colonic submucosal plexus samples using live imaging. Rectal biopsies were then collected from patients with IBS and healthy volunteers (HV) and MRGPRX2+mast cell frequency, MRGPRX2 expression per cell, mast cell degranulation kinetics in response to MRGPRX2 agonists, MRGPRX2 agonistic activity and presence of MRGPRX2 agonists in biopsy supernatants were assessed.

Results

MRGPRX2+mast cells are enriched in the submucosa and muscularis of the healthy human colon. MRGPRX2 agonists induce mast cell degranulation and TRPV1 sensitisation in the healthy colon submucosa. While the frequency of rectal MRGPRX2+mast cells was unaltered in IBS, submucosal mast cells showed increased degranulation in response to MRGPRX2 agonists in IBS compared with HV. MRGPRX2 agonistic activity was increased in IBS rectal biopsy supernatant compared with HV, which was associated with increased levels of substance P.

Conclusion

The MRGPRX2 pathway is functionally upregulated in the colon of patients with IBS, supporting its role in abdominal pain in IBS.
Understanding non-fatal drowning in Victoria, Australia: a 20-year analysis of hospital admission data
Authors: Calverley Hannah , Berecki-Gisolf Janneke , Peden Amy E , Matthews Bernadette Lucy
Published: February 2025

Background

Unintentional drowning is a global public health concern, and in Australia, non-fatal drowning outcomes are estimated to be three times that of fatal incidents. Understanding non-fatal drowning trends would enable tailored prevention efforts to address the full burden of drowning, yet little research has investigated this.

Methods

Retrospective analysis considered unintentional drowning-related hospital admissions in the state of Victoria, Australia between 1 July 2002 and 30 June 2022.

Results

Overall, 1849 hospital admissions resulted from non-fatal drowning in Victoria. Rates increased significantly by 1.86% annually (95% CI (0.91, 2.82)). Males and females recorded significant increases in hospital admission (2.4% (95% CI 0.7%, 4.2%) for females vs 1.6% (95% CI 0.5%, 2.7%) for males). Admission rates increased among several age groups, with significant increases recorded among young people aged 15–24 years (3.99%, p=0.0041), children aged 5–9 years (3.33%, p<0.04) and 25–64 years (3.07%, p=0.0001). Regarding regionality, drowning rates were higher with increasing remoteness, and people born in Oceania and Antarctica recorded the majority (86.1%) of hospital admissions over the 20 years.

Discussion and conclusions

Increases in hospital admissions over the 20 years are concerning and highlight the rising burden of drowning on Victorian health systems. These trends identify where preventative efforts may be directed to reduce drowning, especially regarding the prominence of children. Raising awareness of non-fatal drowning is necessary to demonstrate the full impact and burden of drowning and could be achieved through multisectoral collaboration, consistent communication and messaging, and innovative programmes and policy.
Phosphatidylserine as a tumor target for CAR-T cell therapy
Authors: Martín-Otal Celia , Sánchez-Moreno Inés , Gómez-Morón Alvaro , Castro Carla , Casares Noelia , Navarro Flor , Gorraiz Marta , Justicia-Lirio Pedro , Pareja Felix , Collantes María , Peñuelas Iván , Iñarrairaegui Mercedes , Sangro Bruno , Vivas Isabel , Larrayoz Marta , Rodriguez Juan Roberto , Prosper Felipe , Hervas-Stubbs Sandra , Martin-Cofreces Noa , Lasarte Juan Jose , Lozano Teresa
Published: February 2025

Background

Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposed on apoptotic cells promotes immune clearance of dead cells without inducing inflammation. Conversely, PS exposure on live tumor cells promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that hinders antitumor immune responses. After confirming elevated PS levels in various tumor cell lines and cancer tissues, we aimed to investigate its potential as a target antigen for chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy.

Methods

We used two different approaches to target PS. First, we employed the adaptor proteins, EDAnnexin or BCMAnnexin comprising annexin V and EDA (extra domain A of fibronectin) or B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) antigens, to redirect the lytic activity of EDA CAR-T or BCMA CAR-T cells toward PS-expressing tumor cells. In a second approach, we developed an annexin V-based CAR (Anxa CAR-T) to directly recognize PS-positive tumor cells.

Results

The adaptors proteins EDAnnexin and BCMAnnexin successfully redirected EDA CAR-T or BCMA CAR-T cell activity, leading to an efficient recognition of PS+tumor cells in vitro. However, the established immunological synapse differs significantly from that observed when CAR-T cells recognize the tumor cells directly. In vivo administration of the adaptor proteins, combined with the corresponding CAR-T cells, displayed antitumor activity in mice bearing PS+tumors. Regarding the second approach, Anxa CAR-T cells effectively recognized and killed PS+tumor cells in vitro. Nonetheless, PS exposure on T-cell membranes during T-cell activation impeded efficient Anxa CAR-T cell manufacturing due to fratricide. By optimizing retroviral dose to reduce Anxa CAR expression on the cell membrane, or by using the multikinase inhibitor dasatinib, the fratricide effect was mitigated, enabling successful Anxa CARLow-T cell production. Remarkably, Anxa CARLow-T cells demonstrated antitumor activity in in vivo murine models of PS+hepatocarcinoma and teratocarcinoma. No signs of toxicity were observed after Anxa CAR-T cell administration.

Conclusions

PS holds promise as a target antigen for CAR-T cell therapy, underscoring the need to address fratricide as a key challenge in the development of PS-targeting CAR-T cells.
Responses of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), mature BNP and proBNP to sacubitril/valsartan differs between responders and non-responders
Authors: Nishikimi Toshio , Nakagawa Yasuaki , Miyamoto Shoichi , Kanamori Takahiko , Inazumi Hideaki , Yanagisawa Hiromu , Moriuchi Kenji , Kinoshita Hideaki , Tamamura Yusuke , Takahama Hiroyuki , Minamino Naoto , Ono Koh
Published: February 2025

Background

Earlier studies showed that measured changes in plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are inconsistent after sacubitril/valsartan administration. The reason remains unknown but may reflect the fact that BNP immunoreactivity measured with commercial BNP assays (BNPcom) includes both mature BNP and proBNP, and neprilysin degrades only mature BNP. In addition, the responsiveness to sacubitril/valsartan varies among patients with heart failure. We investigated the mechanism underlying the inconsistency of BNP measurements after sacubitril/valsartan.

Methods

We measured plasma mature BNP, proBNP and total BNP (mature BNP+proBNP) levels with our immunochemiluminescent assay as well as NT-proBNP, A-type natriuretic peptide (ANP) and BNPcom with conventional assays in 54 patients with heart failure, before (baseline) and after 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of sacubitril/valsartan administration. Responders were defined as having NT-proBNP levels at <70% of baseline after 12 weeks.

Results

Among all patients, total BNP and BNPcom did not change with sacubitril/valsartan treatment, whereas NT-proBNP and proBNP decreased, mature BNP modestly increased and ANP greatly increased. Responders (n=31) exhibited smaller %changes in all natriuretic peptide levels than non-responders (n=23; all p<0.01). Receiver operating characteristic curves analysis to assess the ability of the %change in each natriuretic peptide at 4 weeks to detect responders showed that the area under the curve was about 0.80 for each peptide. There were good correlations between plasma natriuretic peptides levels at baseline and throughout the sacubitril/valsartan administration.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the magnitude and direction of change in each BNP form depends on its substrate specificity for neprilysin, that differences in plasma levels of each BNP form between responders and non-responders appear early and persist and that BNPcom levels at 4 weeks can be applicable to prediction of the responders. Notably, our findings show that the idea that BNPcom cannot be used as a marker of heart failure after sacubitril/valsartan should be reconsidered.
Comprehensive risk assessment for pulmonary manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus: a large-scale Korean population-based longitudinal study
Authors: Kim Bo-Guen , Kim Jiyeong , Eun Yeonghee , Park Dong Won , Kim Sang-Heon , Lee Hyun
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Pulmonary involvement is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the relative risk of pulmonary manifestations in SLE versus non-SLE subjects remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of pulmonary manifestations in SLE subjects compared with matched controls.

Methods

Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (2009–2017), we identified 6074 individuals aged ≥20 years with newly diagnosed SLE and 60 740 matched controls by age and sex (1:10 ratio) who did not have prior pulmonary manifestations.

Results

Over a mean follow-up of 9.3±2.7 years, the incidence of pulmonary manifestations was 15.2 per 1000 person-years in the SLE cohort and 4.5 per 1000 person-years in the matched cohort. The SLE cohort had a significantly higher risk of pulmonary manifestations (adjusted HR (aHR) 3.26; 95% CI 2.99 to 3.56). The highest risk was observed for pulmonary hypertension (aHR 14.66; 95% CI 9.43 to 22.80), followed by interstitial lung disease (aHR 9.58; 95% CI 7.99 to 11.49), pleural disorders (aHR 3.29; 95% CI 2.84 to 3.81), pulmonary embolism (aHR 2.66; 95% CI 2.06 to 3.43), tuberculosis (aHR 2.35; 95% CI 1.88 to 2.93), acute respiratory distress syndrome and haemorrhage (aHR 1.85; 95% CI 1.51 to 2.25) and lung cancer (aHR 1.41; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.95).

Conclusions

Subjects with SLE have an approximately 3.3-fold higher risk of pulmonary manifestations compared with matched controls. Notably, the risks of pulmonary hypertension and interstitial lung disease are particularly elevated.
Public health and clinical response to an mpox outbreak in Slovenia: case study, 2022–2023
Authors: Češljarac Danilo , Brečko Kristina , Štrumbelj Martin , Likar Sabrina , Kokošar Ulčar Barbara , Zalaznik Mateja , Kejžar Nataša , Rus Katarina Resman , Korva Miša , Avšič Županc Tatjana , Grilc Eva , Murnik Rauh Andreja , Mastnak Maja , Becner Anja , Marovt Maruška , Lenart Mitja , Matičič Mojca
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The emergence of mpox outbreaks in non-endemic areas, characterised by human-to-human transmission and unique clinical presentations, poses challenges in containment efforts. This study aimed to analyse the 2022 outbreak in Slovenia and characterise the country’s response to the outbreak.

Methods

A retrospective, observational study analysed all confirmed mpox cases in Slovenia between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2023 and specific public health measures and responses in the country to contain the mpox outbreak. Data were collected from clinical facilities, public health institutions and civil society organisations and analysed accordingly.

Results

Of 149 suspected cases tested, 49 were confirmed, all cisgender men, predominantly men who have sex with men (93%), exhibiting skin lesions, with 20% being HIV infected and 62% reporting recently having sex abroad. Hospitalisation was required in 14%, no specific treatment was needed, and no fatalities occurred. After the rapid spread of mpox from May to mid-July 2022, only occasional cases were detected afterwards until the outbreak’s termination in early September. Slovenia’s containment strategy started immediately after the first case detection, involving rapid diagnostics and active case search, centralised case management and targeted public health measures. The LGBTIQ+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Intersex, Queer and other sexual identities) community civil society organisation Legebitra played a critical role by launching awareness campaigns and promoting easily accessible vaccination. Despite its late start in September 2022, by the end of 2023, the vaccination campaign achieved coverage of 309 individuals.

Conclusions

Slovenia’s response to the 2022 mpox outbreak highlights prompt multisectoral collaboration, community engagement and timely public health interventions. Rapid diagnostics, centralised case management and targeted outreach likely contributed to containment. While vaccination had limited impact during the outbreak, its importance for long-term prevention cannot be overstated. As the global threat of mpox persists, continuous surveillance, cross-border cooperation and proactive vaccination strategies are recommended activities to address future challenges.
Trachyspermum ammi seed extract modulated nanosilver as a transformative agent for antibacterial and wound healing activities
Authors: Saxena Neha , Jain Shalini , Roy Mrinalini , Nimesh Surendra , Chatterjee Sreemoyee , Gupta Nidhi
Published: February 2025

Nanoparticles have gained immense interest as drug-delivery agents. Since the last two decades, they have emerged as probable drugs themselves or may act in symbiotic relation with the drug-loaded. Therefore, this study’s focus is to investigate the efficacy of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as antibacterial, antibiofilm, and wound healing agents in in vivo mice models. The AgNPs for this study were synthesized using Trachyspermum ammi seed extract. The characterization of biosynthesized AgNPs, i.e., Trachyspermum ammi silver nanoparticles (TA-AgNPs) was initially done by UV–visible spectroscopy. Further, optimizations of the biophysical characteristics of TA-AgNPs were done by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of TA-AgNPs was studied against both Gram [Formula: see text] and Gram [Formula: see text] bacteria. The inhibitory effect of AgNPs on biofilm formation was also observed in Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. These nanoparticles were then explored for potential in vivo wound healing activity in the Swiss Albino mice model. The results obtained not only showed these green metallic nanoparticles as a potent antibacterial agent that could inhibit biofilm formation but these particles were also able to treat deep wounds without any scar marks. Thus, the biosynthesized AgNPs may be harnessed as remarkable new antimicrobial moieties with wider biomedical applications.
China commodity price index (CCPI) forecasting via the neural network
Authors: Jin Bingzi , Xu Xiaojie
Published: February 2025

Forecasting commodity prices is a vital issue to a wide spectrum of market participants and policy makers in various economic sectors. In this work, we investigate the forecast problem by focusing on the China commodity price index (CCPI). We examine the weekly price index series spanning a 15-year period of June 2, 2006–February 26, 2021 through the nonlinear auto-regressive neural network model. We explore forecast performance corresponding to a variety of settings over algorithms for model estimations, numbers of hidden neurons and delays, and ratios for splitting the data. We arrive at a model that is relatively simple and generates forecasts of high accuracy and stabilities. Particularly, we reach relative root mean square errors (RRMSEs) of 1.33%, 1.32%, and 1.32% for model training, validation, and testing, respectively, and an overall RRMSE of 1.33% for the whole sample. Our results could, on the one hand, serve as standalone technical price forecasts. They could, on the other hand, be combined with other (fundamental) forecast results for forming perspectives of price trends and carrying out policy analysis.
How marine sponges filter the great oceans via flagella motion: A nanomechanics perspective
Authors: Ang Elisa Y. M. , Toh William , Ng Teng Yong , Wang Peng Cheng , Yeo Jingjie , Liu Zishun
Published: February 2025

Inspired by the flimmer hairs found on the flagella of certain species of choanoflagellates, we show in this paper that nanoscale flagella hair on slender flagellum surfaces can drive flow with nanoscale motion. Using molecular dynamics, we provide numerical proof that the nanoscale hairs, moving in a biased periodic motion, can attain high water flow rates in excess of 1200 [Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text] s[Formula: see text]. This flow rate is on par with the experimentally measured flow rates of natural sponges, which are known to be capable of exceptionally high pumping efficiency. This paper highlights the potential of using collective motion of nanohairs to pump fluid and suggests a range of parameters of the force function that can achieve significant flow.
Trends in Premature Ejaculation Research From 2004 to 2023: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Ma Dongyue , Wang Hao , Colonnello Elena , Sansone Andrea , Wang Chunlin , Zhang Hui , Wang Anmin , Chang Hongyuan , Yang Jiutian , Guo Jun , Wang Fu
Published: February 2025

Background: Premature ejaculation (PE) is a largely prevalent sexual complaint that can lead to distress in couple relationships and can significantly reduce patients’ quality of life. Despite the considerable progress in PE research in the last decades, there is still a lack of visual and summarized literature for comprehensive understanding.

Objective: This study aims to identify collaboration patterns among different authors, countries, and institutions in PE research and explore the hotspots and prospects in the field.

Methods: On January 22, 2024, we conducted a search of all relevant literature in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2023, and supplemented the search with PubMed database for author publication volumes. Visual analyses of authors and keywords were performed using the bibliometrix R package, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer software.

Results: In the field of PE, 5457 authors contributed to 1760 articles published across 442 journals. The number of publications gradually increased from 2004 to 2023, with a relatively stable trend in the past 5 years. The Journal of Sexual Medicine (340 papers) had the highest number of publications, and positive collaboration was observed among countries and institutions. Several core author groups emerged, including Jannini EA (60 WoSCC/67 PubMed papers), Waldinger MD (59 WoSCC/90 PubMed papers), and Rowland DL (51 WoSCC/68 PubMed papers), contributing significantly to the literature. The United States was the major contributor, with 384 papers. Keyword cluster analysis revealed that research focuses on PE diagnosis, pharmaceutical treatment (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs] and antidepressants), etiology (e.g., serotonin [5‐HT], NOS, and vas deferens), and relationships with prostate, thyroid, anxiety, depression, and other risk factors.

Conclusion: Based on the knowledge map, this study provides an intuitive representation of the recent 20 years of PE research, offering a preliminary analysis of major research teams and exploring research hotspots, frontiers, and trends. This analysis aims to guide researchers and serve as a reference for future research on PE.
Multifaceted Role of Probiotics in Enhancing Health and Growth of Aquatic Animals: Mechanisms, Benefits, and Applications in Sustainable Aquaculture—A Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Madhulika  , Ngasotter Soibam , Meitei Maibam Malemngamba , Kara Tao , Meinam Martina , Sharma Sanjeev , Rathod Sanjaykumar Karsanbhai , Singh Sanjenbam Bidyasagar , Singh Soibam Khogen , Bhat Raja Aadil Hussain
Published: February 2025

Probiotics play a pivotal role in enhancing the health and growth of aquatic animals in aquaculture. These beneficial microorganisms contribute to improved digestion and nutrient absorption by producing digestive enzymes such as amylases, proteases, and lipases, besides providing essential nutrients. By creating a favorable microbial balance in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), probiotics reduce harmful microorganisms and promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. This modification of gut microflora leads to more efficient digestion and significantly enhances overall health and growth performance in fish. Additionally, probiotics produce antimicrobial substances, such as bacteriocins and organic acids, which inhibit pathogenic bacteria and bolster disease resistance. They also play a crucial role in improving water quality in aquaculture systems by aiding in the turnover of organic nutrients and reducing toxic substances. Incorporating probiotics into aquaculture practices has demonstrated considerable potential in boosting the productivity and health of aquatic animals, making them an essential component of sustainable aquaculture. This review delves into the multifaceted benefits of probiotics, including enhanced feed utilization, immune responses, and pathogen resistance, and elucidates the mechanisms underlying these effects. Furthermore, it includes a bibliometric analysis of the past 30 years, providing a comprehensive overview of research trends and advancements in this field.
The Impact of Place of Residence on Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Badru Oluwaseun Abdulganiyu , Edeh Joy Chioma , Okonkwo Rita Ifeyinwa , Bain Luchuo Engelbert , Adeagbo Oluwafemi Atanda
Published: February 2025

Objective: There is evidence of geographical variation in HIV coverage and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, and studies have investigated how the place of residence of people living with HIV (PLWH) influences ART adherence. Where people reside influences their access to health care. Studies on the influence of place of residence on ART adherence among PLWH in Nigeria have been reported in the literature. However, no review has synthesized these findings. Against this backdrop, this review seeks to determine whether adherence to ART differs by place of residence in Nigeria.

Methods: In May 2024, we searched four databases (CINAHL Plus, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). Only empirical studies with a test of association between place of residence (i.e., urban and rural) and adherence to ART were included. We performed a fixed‐effect meta‐analysis with the meta package on R Studio Version 4.2.0.

Results: We included six of the 91 articles across the four databases. Most studies (n = 5) were conducted in the Southern region. The assessment of place of residence and adherence varies across the studies. We found that PLWH who reside in urban areas were 20% more likely to adhere to ART compared to those who live in rural areas (odds ratio: 1.20; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.43). Similarly, PLWH in the South‐South region of Nigeria and reside in the urban areas were 1.27 (95% CI: 1.01–1.58) more likely to adhere to ART than those living in the rural areas. This observation was insignificantly true for the South‐East region.

Conclusion: PLWH who reside in urban areas may better adhere to ART than their counterparts living in rural areas. Non‐governmental organizations and government agencies working with PLWH should prioritize those living in rural areas because they are more likely to face greater barriers to adherence.
A Passive Islanding Method to Improve the Stability of Power Supply to Critical Loads in a Real Distribution Network
Authors: Saka Bemdoo , Tsado Jacob , Kiray Vedat , Hussein Suleiman Usman
Published: February 2025

This study proposed a modified passive islanding technique that combines over/under frequency (OUF), rate of change of frequency (ROCOF), rate of change of phase angle difference (ROCPAD), and rate of change of voltage (ROCOV) for sensing of islanding and nonislanding conditions. The technique was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and applied to the distribution network of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria containing 120 buses to maintain a stable power supply to its critical loads during grid outages. The method utilized the frequency, voltage, and current signals as input to the combined method. For each of the relays, the low threshold was for a fast operation while the high threshold was for a secure operation. First, the OUF, ROCOF, ROCOV, and ROCPAD relays were combined using an AND gate to limit the relay operation during short circuits since the ROCOV measures the voltage drop and determines whether it is in grid‐connected or islanding mode. After that, the higher set threshold of the ROCOF was connected using a logical OR gate to limit the operation of the relay under transients and noises. Finally, the higher set threshold of the ROCPAD was used to sense islanding in case the lower threshold failed to initially detect it. The efficacy of the technique was tested on the FCT distribution network, and the result showed successful islanding for the loss of the grid supply and loss of power supply due to fault on the 330 kV line, while the loss of 33 kV feeder and loss of power supply at a single supply point were nonislanding events. After islanding due to an outage and loss of the 330 kV line, it took 0.01138 and 0.000316 s to switch to the DES, and the optimal capacities that supplied power to the critical loads were 33.2 MW at Bus 13, 18.9 MW at Bus 120, 48.4 MW at Bus 72, and 45.1 MW at Bus 46. The total connection of the DES was able to supply 144.8 MW out of the total peak load of 600 MW which represents about 24.13% of the total system load referred to as the critical loads. Therefore, connecting DES capable of islanding operation to the distribution network improves power supply security, supply continuity to consumers, and customer satisfaction.
A Novel TLBO‐Based Antenna Array Imperfection Calibration for Effective DOA Estimation in mmWave mMIMO Systems
Authors: S. Aquino , Vairavel G.
Published: February 2025

Antenna Array imperfection calibration is an important concern in direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation in 5 G millimeter Wave (mmWave) massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (mMIMO) systems. As the number of elements in mMIMO systems increases, array imperfections tend to increase, degrading the DOA estimation performance. Existing calibration techniques use the local optimum solution as the gain/phase, and the location error is high. The present work proposes an inter‐disciplinary learning teaching‐learning‐based optimization (IDL‐TLBO) to estimate the DOA. This algorithm exploits the joint sparse properties of the DOA vector and array perturbation matrix. Benefitting from inter‐disciplinary learning and sparse properties, the global search capability of the proposed method enhances the accuracy of DOA estimation. The efficacy of the proposed IDL‐TLBO was validated using various simulation scenarios. Simulation results reveal that the proposed method achieves a better performance‐complexity trade‐off than conventional methods for DOA estimation.
Dialysis in the Elderly: A Practical Guide for the Clinician
Authors: Satish Aparna , Agrohi Jhalak , Rangaswamy Dharshan , Prabhu Ravindra Attur , Nagaraju Shankar Prasad , Rao Indu Ramachandra , Bhojaraja Mohan V. , Shenoy Srinivas Vinayak
Published: February 2025

The increasing prevalence of elderly patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) poses unique challenges in nephrology. These patients often present with multiple comorbidities, cognitive impairments, and frailty, which significantly impact treatment options and outcomes. Conservative kidney management (CKM) offers a viable alternative to dialysis for many elderly patients by focusing on symptom management and enhancing quality of life rather than merely prolonging life. However, clinicians face difficulties in approaching patients and deciding between CKM and dialysis. In addition, advocating for dialysis involves challenges in selecting the appropriate modality and vascular access. Nutritional management, often overlooked, is critical due to the high prevalence of protein‐energy wasting and sarcopenia among elderly dialysis patients. Similar to the initiation of dialysis, there are dilemmas in determining when to withdraw from dialysis. This practical review aims to guide clinicians through the complex and challenging process of managing dialysis in the elderly, emphasizing a holistic, patient‐centered approach that prioritizes quality of life. A multidisciplinary strategy, integrating clinical expertise and patient autonomy, is essential to address the complex needs of this vulnerable population.
Impacts of Azotobacter Inoculation on Hybrid Maize Growth and Yield in Midhill of Lamjung, Nepal
Authors: Bastakoti Babita , Pandey Mamata , Shrestha Sudikshya
Published: February 2025

In recent times, the need for the replacement of chemical‐based nitrogen fertilizers has arisen due to various economic, soil sustainability, and availability issues. Thus, the use of biological nitrogen fixation microbes as biofertilizers has gained prominence. A field experiment was conducted in Lamjung campus to assess the efficacy of Azotobacter as a substitute for urea as a nitrogen source in hybrid maize (var. Rampur Hybrid‐10). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design including 7 treatments and was replicated three times. The treatments included a control, recommended dose of N (120 kg/ha) compared to every 10% reduction in nitrogen from urea (90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, and 50%) substituted by seed‐inoculated Azotobacter at constant P and K (60 and 40 kg/ha, respectively). Initially, Azotobacter inoculation substantially increased vegetative growth in maize indicated by taller plants and higher leaf area at 30 DAS. However, during the later vegetative and reproductive phases, no significant difference was observed in such vegetative parameters or the phenological parameters such as days to 80% flowering and anthesis‐silking interval. Furthermore, substituting 60 kg N from urea + Azotobacter inoculation produced significantly larger cobs, higher kernel or grain number, maximum thousand grain weight, dry matter, and biomass (p ≤ 0.05). Azotobacter + 60 kg N from urea proved a superior nitrogen management scheme with a grain yield of more than 3 t/ha similar to Azotobacter +120 kg N. 20% higher yield is observed in inoculated than in noninoculated plants. This suggested the potential of Azotobacter in substituting nitrogenous fertilizers.
A Novel Cooling Technique to Improve the Thermal Characteristics of a Permanent Magnet Generator Using an Earth–Air Heat Exchanger
Authors: Nasr Amany R. , Badran Ebrahim A. , Mansy Ibrahim I. I.
Published: February 2025

In the current study, a novel cooling technique has been developed to enhance the thermal characteristics of a permanent magnet generator (PMG) by integrating with an earth–air heat exchanger (EAHE). The paper introduces a comprehensive thermal model of PMG, calculating thermal resistances based on the dimensions of a chosen 500‐kW PMG as a case study. Using the MATLAB code, a mathematical model of the EAHE is created to study the effect of pipe diameter, length, and number on the outlet air temperature. The results indicate that there is a significant reduction in the component temperature of the PMG using EAHE. The use of EAHE improves the thermal characteristics of the PMG as well as increases the lifetime. The outlet air temperature from EAHE decreases as the length and number of pipes increase and the pipe diameter decreases. The maximum reduction in the temperature of the end winding of PMG is 24.45% due to EAHE when the PMG operates at full load. Also, the maximum reduction in the temperature of the end winding of PMG is 50.91% due to EAHE when the PMG operates at a variable load. The use of EAHE coupled with PMG resulted in an 8.06% reduction in the annual total cost.
Portulaca oleracea L. Methanolic Extract Protects the Brain of Male Rats Against Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: El Rabey Haddad A. , Rezk Samar M. , Mahmoud Seham A. , Abdallah Zienab , Loutfy Mennatallah , Alalawy Adel I. , Alenazi Yasmene F. , Sheta Heba , Bakry Nadia
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) occurs as a result of a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that is most frequently linked to a decline in cognitive function and memory. Twenty‐four male rats were divided into four groups (n = 6); Group I was the negative control, Group II was the AlCl3‐positive control, and Group III and Group IV were treated with 100 mg and 200 mg/kg of Portulaca oleracea methanolic extract, respectively. Aluminum chloride intoxication in Group II increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant parameters and affected interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), the tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and amyloid beta (Aβ), which lead to the induction of AD through injuring brain cells of AD rats. Treating the AD rats in Group III (GIII) and Group IV (GIV) with P. oleracea ameliorated the altered parameters in the AD rats. It also increased folic acid and vitamin B12 levels. P. oleracea modulated the physiological, biochemical, and histological changes brought on by AlCl3 intoxication in rats via oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. The dose of P. oleracea in GIV successfully modified the behavioral changes brought on by AlCl3 in the AD rats more than that of GIII.