bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Des opportunités d’adaptation : de la dérogation à la révision des documents d’urbanisme au fil des projets communaux
Authors: Beneda Valentine
Published: January 2020

Le droit de l’urbanisme a, depuis près de deux décennies, subi de nombreuses mutations, notamment depuis la loi SRU et l’intégration de la notion de développement durable. De cette mutation du droit de l’urbanisme de part l’intégration d’enjeux à la fois complémentaires et contradictoires, en est résulté, nécessairement et inévitablement, une mutation des documents d’urbanisme et ce, qu’il s’agisse de l’échelon communal ou intercommunal. En effet, en supprimant les POS et les SDAU pour leur substituer respectivement les PLU et les SCoT, le droit de l’urbanisme est passé d’une dimension purement règlementaire à une vocation davantage prospective. Tel est le dessein assigner aux documents de planification locaux depuis la loi SRU : anticiper, prévoir, organiser l’évolution des besoins du territoire et édicter des règles d’implantation des construction en conséquence. Au niveau communal, il est fait injonction aux communes d’élaborer un véritable « Projet d’Aménagement et de Développement Durable », lequel devra se déployer sur le territoire à plus ou moins long terme et ce, alors même que la norme d’urbanisme communale apparaît aujourd’hui davantage comme le réceptacle des normes supérieures que comme une norme autonome et adaptée aux particularités territoriales. Le constat est finalement le suivant : d’une part, il est bien souvent impossible pour les Communes d’anticiper l’évolution de leurs territoires, de sorte qu’elles devront nécessairement modifier, réviser, adapter leur document de planification et ce, afin de s’adapter à ces besoins nouveaux. D’autre part, au delà même de l’évolution des besoins du territoire, il apparaîtra parfois que des projets de construction ou d’aménagement, bien que conformes au projet de territoire souhaité par la Commune, ne puissent pas s’implanter, faute pour la norme locale d’urbanisme d’être suffisamment ductile pour s’adapter a priori . Là encore, la Commune n’aura d’autre choix que de procéder à l’adaptation de son document d’urbanisme et ce, alors même qu’il s’agit de mettre en œuvre le parti d’aménagement initialement retenu. En réalité, la norme d’urbanisme communale est incapable de s’adapter a priori au projet d’aménagement et de construction et il apparaît que l’adaptation des PLU relève non plu de l’opportunité ou de la faculté pour les Communes, mais bien souvent de la contrainte voire de la nécessité. De ce constat en est résulté l’intervention tant du législateur que du juge et ce, afin de permettre une adaptation de la norme communale a posteriori  : il ne s’agirait donc plus pour le projet de construction de se conformer à la norme mais à la norme de s’adapter au projet.
Égalité, intégration, multilatéralisme
Authors: Gijs Anne-Sophie
Published: January 2020

Malgré les déclarations officielles valorisant le paradigme de ‘partenariat entre égaux’, la Stratégie Union européenne-Union africaine reste à ce jour dépendante de logiques de type ‘bailleur-bénéficiaire’, entravant la concrétisation de ses objectifs politiques prioritaires. Mais des réflexions en cours au sein de l’UE et de l’UA pourraient permettre de refonder ce partenariat sur d’autres bases, représentatives de la spécificité des deux organisations à l’échelle internationale : l’intégration régionale et le multilatéralisme. Après avoir analysé les écueils liés à la persistance actuelle du modèle ‘ bailleur-bénéficiaire ’, grâce à trois dossiers emblématiques (suites du Sommet d’Abidjan, Paix et Sécurité, Post-Cotonou), cet article étudiera les risques et avantages d’une stratégie qui s’en affranchirait, au profit de l’intégration et du multilatéralisme.
Logique managériale et perceptions des hommes et femmes mis en situation de gestion de projet : une approche par les représentations sociales
Authors: Kama Joseph Gniaka
Published: January 2020

Nombre d’experts s’accordent sur le fait que les premiers grands projets étaient consacrés au domaine militaire ou religieux. Ils étaient alors conçus sous le modèle masculin. D’ailleurs, Buckle et Thomas (2003) soulignent que les aspects et conceptions masculins exercent plus d’influence directe sur la teneur des pratiques liées au management de projet. Puisque les femmes occupent de plus en plus de rôles (Neuhauser, 2007) dans ces types d’organisation, stéréotypés « masculins », nous nous proposons d’étudier dans cet article, si leur logique managériale était différente de celle des hommes. Afin de mettre en évidence le profil (et les qualités) du responsable projet efficace, la méthodologie retenue a permis de faire, dans le contexte français, une enquête par questionnaire auprès d’un échantillon de 61 auditeurs après qu’ils aient été mis, soit en situation de gestion de projet, soit en situation de gestion de nouvelle activité sous forme de projet. Leurs représentations sociales montrent qu’en contexte de projet, l’androgynie constitue globalement le profil le plus approprié du bon responsable projet. Elles mettent de plus, en exergue l’existence de différences statistiquement significatives entre les styles perçus par les hommes et les femmes par rapport au profil dont il devrait disposer. L’analyse des ressentis de certains de ces acteurs projet permet d’appréhender deux catégories de situations que génère l’activité de projet : des situations fortement ressenties nécessitant des stratégies de construction de sens dans l’action et des situations de communication et de gestion de l’environnement du projet exigeant des capacités relationnelles fortes de leur part.
La spécificité du modèle socio-culturel africain et le processus d’embauche dans les entreprises camerounaises
Authors: Tchouassi Gérard
Published: January 2020

Les entreprises africaines sont aujourd’hui au centre des pressions et contre-pressions socio-culturelles et politiques engendrées par la mondialisation de l’économie et ceci à deux niveaux : au niveau de la production et au niveau du management des ressources stratégiques. Dans cet article, on a tenté avec la méthodologie d’entretiens de montrer que l’environnement socio-culturel africain spécifique, la gestion des ressources (financières, humaines et matérielles) et particulièrement le processus d’embauche dans les entreprises camerounaises passent par un système de contraintes et de rationalité limitée.
Health Sustainability and Socialization Agents Roles in Organ Donation
Authors: Maniam Pushpavalli , Zolkepli Izzal Asnira
Published: January 2020

This article explores how sustainable health can be encouraged through the role of socialization amongst the youth in Malaysia in the context of the decision-making process towards becoming an organ donor. This is imperative for the nation especially the policymaker and health business sector in designing strategies pertaining to health issues. The concept of the ‘duality of structure' is used as a starting point to link between health sustainability and health communication on organ donation in congregating intergenerational equity by uncovering the structural properties or conditions which either enable or constrain the future of health initiatives. Therefore, this article is aimed to focus on the values and norms commonly transferred by the socialization agents regarding the behavioral development of the potential donor. Data was gathered using self-administered questionnaires from 162 youth. The findings illustrate that the supportive influence from agents of socialization affected towards certain degree on the behavioral formation on becoming an organ donor.
Software Release Planning Using Grey Wolf Optimizer
Authors: Verma Vibha , Neha Neha , Aggarwal Anu G.
Published: January 2020

This chapter presents the application of grey wolf optimizer in software release planning considering warranty based on the proposed mathematical model that measures reliability growth of software systems. Hence, optimal release and warranty time is determined while minimizing the overall software development cost. The software cost model is based on failure phenomenon modelled by incorporating fault removal efficiency, fault reduction factor, and error generation. The model has been validated on the fault dataset of ERP systems. Sensitivity analysis has been carried out to study the discrete changes in the cost parameter due to changes in optimal solution. The work significantly contributes to the literature by fulfilling gaps of reliability growth models, release problems considering warranty, and efficient ways for solving optimization problems. Further, the grey wolf optimizer result has been compared with genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization techniques.
Industry 4.0 and Supply Chain Management
Authors: Dhamija Pavitra , Bedi Monica , Gupta M.L.
Published: January 2020

The association of Industry 4.0 and supply chain management assures tremendous growth and developmental opportunities towards manufacturing organizations. The two aspects (Industry 4.0 and supply chain management) are one of the most opted choices for research among academicians and researchers. The study in question accommodates 884 papers from past 10 years, which contributes towards Industry 4.0, supply chain management, cyber-physical systems, digitization, Internet of Things, and Big Data predictive analytics. The statistical tools include BibExcel and Gephi for bibliometric and network analysis. The results are presented in the form of top contributing authors, keywords, and citations. The article also shares a conceptual model based on the review of studies. The findings will help managers or officials to understand the importance of Industry 4.0 and its association with supply chain management. The formed clusters and their associations are providing new areas that require managerial attention. The article ends while discussing the current and future scope of research.
Logistics 4.0 Energy Modelling
Authors: Munsamy Megashnee , Telukdarie Arnesh , Dhamija Pavitra
Published: January 2020

Logistics activities are significant energy consumers and known contributors to GHG emissions, hence optimisation of logistics energy demand is of critical importance. The onset of the fourth Industrial revolution delivers significant technological opportunities for logistics optimisation with additional benefits in logistics energy optimisation. This research propositions a business process centric logistics model based on Industry 4.0. A Logistics 4.0 architecture is developed comprising Industry 4.0 technologies and associated enablers. The Industry 4.0 architecture components are validated by conducting a Systematic Literature Review on Industry 4.0 and logistics. Applying the validated Logistics 4.0 architecture to a cyber physical logistics energy model, based on the digitalisation of business processes, a comprehensive simulation is developed identified as the Logistic 4.0 Energy Model. The model simulates the technological impact of Industry 4.0 on a logistics network. The model generates energy and CO2 emission values for “as-is” and “to-be” Industry 4.0 scenarios.
Compliance of small-scale Organic Tea Farmers with Organic Standards: A Study in Sri Lanka
Authors: Karalliyadda S. M. C. B. , Kazunari T.
Published: January 2020

Purpose: Authenticity of organic tea has been questioned recently due to some evidence of contaminated organic tea in the market. Although producers’ compliance with organic standards (OS) is a necessity to ensure the safety of organic tea and consumers’ trust, the lack of empirical studies has  become a timely need to understand the authenticity of organic tea production systems. Therefore, this study attempts  to investigate the certified organic tea (COT) farmers’ compliance behaviour with OS using a study in Sri Lanka. Research Method: A cross-sectional field survey was conducted among 77 small-scale COT farmers in the Central and Uva provinces. These farmers were accessed through two coordinating organizations. Data was collected using interviews, structured questionnaires and observations and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings: Results show that higher profits and benefits from certificate holders are the main reasons to select COT farming than conventional tea farming. Generally, farmers perceive high discouragement violating OS and have mixed attitudes on different aspects of organic farming. Farmers’ compliance behaviour towards OS is not perfect and vary among OS due to various reasons, i.e. expected loss by being noncompliant, group farming, availability of support services, financial ability and awareness about hazardous contaminants. Effective quality assurance system and hazardous free neighbourhood potentially facilitate the farmers’ compliance behaviour. However, the unavailability of support services, lack of financial capacities, and farmers’ unawareness of contaminants during handling seem to hinder the compliance. Originality: Understanding the first step of COT production is novel and provide insights to implement needful actions by those who are concerned and responsible for the authenticity of COT production.
IL-3 Receptor Expression on Activated Human Th Cells Is Regulated by IL-4, and IL-3 Synergizes with IL-4 to Enhance Th2 Cell Differentiation
Authors: Kumar Anil , Rani Lekha , Mhaske Suhas T. , Pote Satish T. , Behera Shubhanath , Mishra Gyan C. , Wani Mohan R.
Published: January 2020

IL-3, a cytokine secreted by activated T lymphocytes, is known to regulate the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. However, the role of IL-3 in regulation of T cell functions is not fully delineated. Previously, we have reported that IL-3 plays an important role in development of regulatory T cells in mice. In this study, we investigated the regulation of IL-3R expression on human Th cells and also examined the role of IL-3 in effector functions of these cells. We found that human peripheral blood Th cells in resting state do not show surface expression of IL-3R; however, its expression was observed at transcript and intracellular protein levels. The functional IL-3R expression on the surface was seen only after antigenic stimulation. When naive Th cells were activated in the presence of various cytokines, we found that IL-4 significantly increases the surface expression of IL-3R and also increases the number of IL-3R+ Th cells. Interestingly, IL-3R+ cells exhibit a Th2 cell–like phenotype and show high GATA-3 expression. Moreover, Th2 cells in presence of IL-3 show increased expression of type 2 effector cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Furthermore, IL-3R expressing and IL-3–secreting Th cells were high in house dust mite–allergic patients. Thus, to our knowledge, we provide the first evidence that the expression of IL-3R on activated human Th cells is modulated by IL-4, and IL-3 regulates the effector functions of Th2 cells. Our results suggest that IL-3 may play an important role in regulating allergic immune responses.
Immunodominant AH1 Antigen-Deficient Necroptotic, but Not Apoptotic, Murine Cancer Cells Induce Antitumor Protection
Authors: Aaes Tania Løve , Verschuere Hanne , Kaczmarek Agnieszka , Heyndrickx Liesbeth , Wiernicki Bartosz , Delrue Iris , De Craene Bram , Taminau Joachim , Delvaeye Tinneke , Bertrand Mathieu J. M. , Declercq Wim , Berx Geert , Krysko Dmitri V. , Adjemian Sandy , Vandenabeele Peter
Published: January 2020

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) occurs when a dying cell releases cytokines and damage-associated molecular patterns, acting as adjuvants, and expresses Ags that induce a specific antitumor immune response. ICD is studied mainly in the context of regulated cell death pathways, especially caspase-mediated apoptosis marked by endoplasmic reticulum stress and calreticulin exposure and, more recently, also in relation to receptor-interacting protein kinase–driven necroptosis, whereas unregulated cell death like accidental necrosis is nonimmunogenic. Importantly, the murine cancer cell lines used in ICD studies often express virally derived peptides that are recognized by the immune system as tumor-associated Ags. However, it is unknown how different cell death pathways may affect neoepitope cross-presentation and Ag recognition of cancer cells. We used a prophylactic tumor vaccination model and observed that both apoptotic and necroptotic colon carcinoma CT26 cells efficiently immunized mice against challenge with a breast cancer cell line that expresses the same immunodominant tumor Ag, AH1, but only necroptotic CT26 cells would mount an immune response against CT26-specific neoepitopes. By CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we knocked out AH1 and saw that only necroptotic CT26 cells were still able to protect mice against tumor challenge. Hence, in this study, we show that endogenous AH1 tumor Ag expression can mask the strength of immunogenicity induced by different cell death pathways and that upon knockout of AH1, necroptosis was more immunogenic than apoptosis in a prophylactic tumor vaccination model. This work highlights necroptosis as a possible preferred ICD form over apoptosis in the treatment of cancer.
Deletion of IRF4 in Dendritic Cells Leads to Delayed Onset of T Cell–Dependent Colitis
Authors: Pool Lieneke , Rivollier Aymeric , Agace William W.
Published: January 2020

Classical dendritic cells (cDC) can be classified into two major subsets: Irf8-dependent cDC1 and Irf4-expressing cDC2. Although these subsets play distinct roles in intestinal immune homeostasis, their functions in T cell–driven colitis remain unknown. To assess the role of IRF4 expression in cDC2 in T cell–driven colitis, CD11c-Cre.Irf4fl/fl and Irf4fl/fl mice were backcrossed onto a Rag-1−/− background and used as recipients of CD45RBhiCD4+ T cells. Colitis score and innate immune cell influx were reduced in Cre+ mice 4 wk posttransfer, and these changes were associated with reduced CD4+ T cell counts in both the mesenteric lymph nodes and colon. By 7 wk, colitis score and colon CD4+ T cell numbers were similar in Cre+ and Cre− mice despite a selective reduction in Th17 cells in the colon of Cre+ mice and a continued reduction in CD4+ T cell numbers in mesenteric lymph nodes. Cotransfer of CD25+CD45RBlo CD4+ T cells prevented CD45RBhiCD4+ T cell–driven colitis in both Cre+ and Cre− recipients, demonstrating that IRF4 expression by cDC is not required for CD4+ regulatory T cell–mediated control of colitis. Collectively these results suggest a role for IRF4 expression in cDC2 in the generation of colitogenic CD4+ T cells, which becomes redundant as colitis progresses.
BHLHE40 Promotes TH2 Cell–Mediated Antihelminth Immunity and Reveals Cooperative CSF2RB Family Cytokines
Authors: Jarjour Nicholas N. , Bradstreet Tara R. , Schwarzkopf Elizabeth A. , Cook Melissa E. , Lai Chin-Wen , Huang Stanley Ching-Cheng , Taneja Reshma , Stappenbeck Thaddeus S. , Van Dyken Steven J. , Urban Joseph F. , Edelson Brian T.
Published: January 2020

The transcription factor BHLHE40 is an emerging regulator of the immune system. Recent studies suggest that BHLHE40 regulates type 2 immunity, but this has not been demonstrated in vivo. We found that BHLHE40 is required in T cells for a protective TH2 cell response in mice infected with the helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri. H. polygyrus elicited changes in gene and cytokine expression by lamina propria CD4+ T cells, many of which were BHLHE40 dependent, including production of the common β (CSF2RB) chain family cytokines GM-CSF and IL-5. In contrast to deficiency in GM-CSF or IL-5 alone, loss of both GM-CSF and IL-5 signaling impaired protection against H. polygyrus. Overall, we show that BHLHE40 regulates the TH2 cell transcriptional program during helminth infection to support normal expression of Csf2, Il5, and other genes required for protection and reveal unexpected redundancy of common β chain–dependent cytokines previously thought to possess substantially divergent functions.
Polysaccharide Capsules Equip the Human Symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron to Modulate Immune Responses to a Dominant Antigen in the Intestine
Authors: Hsieh Samantha , Porter Nathan T. , Donermeyer David L. , Horvath Stephen , Strout Gregory , Saunders Brian T. , Zhang Nan , Zinselmeyer Bernd , Martens Eric C. , Stappenbeck Thaddeus S. , Allen Paul M.
Published: January 2020

Bacteria express multiple diverse capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) for protection against environmental and host factors, including the host immune system. Using a mouse TCR transgenic CD4+ T cell, BθOM, that is specific for B. thetaiotaomicron and a complete set of single CPS–expressing B. thetaiotaomicron strains, we ask whether CPSs can modify the immune responses to specific bacterial Ags. Acapsular B. thetaiotaomicron, which lacks all B. thetaiotaomicron CPSs, stimulated BθOM T cells more strongly than wild-type B. thetaiotaomicron. Despite similar levels of BθOM Ag expression, many single CPS–expressing B. thetaiotaomicron strains were antistimulatory and weakly activated BθOM T cells, but a few strains were prostimulatory and strongly activated BθOM T cells just as well or better than an acapsular strain. B. thetaiotaomicron strains that expressed an antistimulatory CPS blocked Ag delivery to the immune system, which could be rescued by Fc receptor–dependent Ab opsonization. All single CPS–expressing B. thetaiotaomicron strains stimulated the innate immune system to skew toward M1 macrophages and release inflammatory cytokines in an MyD88-dependent manner, with antistimulatory CPS activating the innate immune system in a weaker manner than prostimulatory CPS. The expression of antistimulatory versus prostimulatory CPSs on outer membrane vesicles also regulated immune responses. Moreover, antistimulatory and prostimulatory single CPS–expressing B. thetaiotaomicron strains regulated the activation of Ag-specific and polyclonal T cells as well as clearance of dominant Ag in vivo. These studies establish that the immune responses to specific bacterial Ags can be modulated by a diverse set of CPSs.
Vinpocetine Suppresses Streptococcus pneumoniae–Induced Inflammation via Inhibition of ERK1 by CYLD
Authors: Komatsu Kensei , Nam Dae-Hwan , Lee Ji-Yun , Yoneda Go , Yan Chen , Li Jian-Dong
Published: January 2020

Otitis media (OM) is the most common bacterial infection in children. It remains a major health problem and a substantial socioeconomic burden. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is one of the most common bacterial pathogens causing OM. Innate inflammatory response plays a critical role in host defense against bacterial pathogens. However, if excessive, it has a detrimental impact on the middle ear, leading to middle ear inflammation, a hallmark of OM. Currently, there has been limited success in developing effective therapeutic agents to suppress inflammation without serious side effects. In this study, we show that vinpocetine, an antistroke drug, suppressed S. pneumoniae–induced inflammatory response in cultured middle ear epithelial cells as well as in the middle ear of mice. Interestingly, vinpocetine inhibited S. pneumoniae–induced inflammation via upregulating a key negative regulator cylindromatosis (CYLD). Moreover, CYLD suppressed S. pneumoniae–induced inflammation via inhibiting the activation of ERK. Importantly, the postinfection administration of vinpocetine markedly inhibited middle ear inflammation induced by S. pneumoniae in a well-established mouse OM model. These studies provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the tight regulation of inflammation via inhibition of ERK by CYLD and identified vinpocetine as a potential therapeutic agent for suppressing the inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of OM via upregulating negative regulator CYLD expression.
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF INHIBITOR DEVELOPMENT IN HEMOPHILIA
Authors: Matino Davide , Tieu Paul , Chan Antony
Published: January 2020

The development of neutralizing antibodies in hemophilia is a serious complication of factor replacement therapy. These antibodies, also known as “inhibitors”, significantly increase morbidity within the hemophilia population and lower the quality of life for these patients. People with severe hemophilia A have an overall 25-40% lifetime risk of inhibitor development, compared to that of 5-15% lifetime risk in those with moderate/mild hemophilia A. The risk is lower in hemophilia B population (about 1-5%) and occurrence of inhibitors is almost only seen in patients with severe hemophilia B. The understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism leading to the development of inhibitors in patients with hemophilia has improved considerably over the last 2 decades. Identification of early biomarkers which predict inhibitor development in previously untreated patients with hemophilia will assist in risk identification and possible early intervention strategies. In this review, we aim to summarize the molecular mechanisms of inhibitor development in hemophilia and to identify potential areas in need of further investigation.
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital harlequin ichthyosis with fetal MRI
Authors: Kale Kiran A , Ghonge Nitin P , Kaul Anita
Published: January 2020

Most of the fetal deformities are caused due to genetic abnormalities. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to accurately diagnose these deformities, it has been reported that gene analysis is a more accurate diagnostic method. Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) or Ichthyosis fetalis (IF) is a rare and extremely severe hereditary skin disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. The ultrasound features have been described well and the diagnosis can be made with a fair degree of confidence. However, the final diagnosis needs to be established by prenatal invasive tests. In the present study, we describe the diagnosis of HI in the third trimester on fetal MRI referred to our department with suspicion of anterior encephalocele which was later confirmed through postnatal genetic evaluation.
Spondyloarthropathy - Is sacroiliac joint imaging sufficient? A study of 431 patients
Authors: Gupta Saurabh , Nischal Neha , Sharma Lucky , Gupta Rajiva , Singh Jatinder Pal
Published: January 2020

Background: Sacroiliac (SI) joint involvement (sacroiliitis) is considered as major criteria for diagnosing Spondyloarthropathy (SpA), although involvement of spine and hip can also occur. The aim of our study was to assess the utility of including sagittal short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequence of dorsolumbar spine and coronal STIR/proton density (PD) fat saturated sequence through both hips, to routine SI joint magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocol, in patients clinically suspected to have SpA. Material and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted between February 2013 and February 2018 on clinically suspected SpA patients referred to our department for imaging. The images obtained using this new SI joint protocol were evaluated for findings suggesting SpA diagnosis as per the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society criteria. Other differentials for similar symptoms were also looked for. Results: Of the 431 patients (313 M and 118 F), 255 had features confirming the diagnosis of SpA and 176 had no radiological manifestations of SpA (56 were normal and 120 had other findings to suggest clinical symptoms; e.g., degenerative SpA, Pott’s spine, skeletal metastases, early AVN of hip, cysticercus, iliofemoral impingement). 19/255 patients had normal SI joints but other findings to suggest diagnosis of SpA, e.g. romanus lesions, costovertebritis/costotransversitis, pubic symphysitis, inflammatory hip arthropathy, enthesitis, iliofemoral/trochanteric bursitis. 33/61 patients with chronic sacroiliitis had disease activity in spine or hip. Conclusion: Inclusion of sections through dorsolumbar spine and both hips to routine SI joint protocol, helped in identifying: (a) early disease in 19 patients, who had normal SI joints and may have otherwise been missed with routine only SI joint imaging, (b) additional findings in SpA-related sacroiliitis, (c) disease activity in chronic sacroiliitis, and (d) other causes of low back pain and thus helped in further patient management.
Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (central sparing type)—MRI and MR spectroscopy findings
Authors: Ranjan Rahul S , Arya Gaurav , Yadav Vikas K
Published: January 2020

Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizure and late reduced diffusion (AESD) is a clinico-radiologic syndrome of acute encephalopathy characterized by biphasic seizure and altered consciousness in acute phase followed by restricted diffusion in bilateral cerebral parenchyma on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the subacute stage. Here, we present the MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings in a case of AESD presenting in 4-year child and diagnosed based on clinico-radiological correlation.
Role of the weight-bearing cone-beam CT in evaluation of flatfoot deformity
Authors: Pilania Khushboo , Jankharia Bhavin , Monoot Pradeep
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Till date, weight-bearing radiographs have been the cornerstone for planning surgeries on flatfoot. The technique, however, has limitations due to the superimposition of the bones and the lack of reproducibility. Weight-bearing CT with its unique design overcomes these limitations and enables cross-sectional imaging of the foot to be done in the natural weight-bearing position. In this paper, we report our initial experience in weight-bearing cross-sectional imaging of the foot for assessment of flatfoot deformity. Materials and Methods: Around 19 known cases of flatfoot were scanned on the weight-bearing CT. Each foot was then assessed for the various angles and also for the presence/absence of extra-articular talocalcaneal impingement and subfibular impingement. Other associated abnormalities like secondary osteoarthritic changes, were also noted. Results: The Meary, as well as the calcaneal angles, were abnormal, in all but one separate foot. Forefoot abduction was seen in 7 of the 19 feet. The hind foot valgus angle was greater than 10° in all patients. Extra-articular talocalcaneal impingement was seen in 13 of 19 feet. Secondary osteoarthritic changes were seen in 14 feet. Conclusion: Weight-bearing CT scan is a very useful technique for evaluation of flatfoot and associated complications. It overcomes the limitations of the radiographs by providing multiplanar three-dimensional assessment of the foot in the natural weight-bearing position and at the same time being easily reproducible and consistent for the measurements around the foot. The definite advantage over the conventional cross-sectional scanners is the weight-bearing capability.
Evaluation of cerebral microstructural changes in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea by MR diffusion kurtosis imaging using a whole-brain atlas
Authors: Vyas Sameer , Singh Paramjeet , Khandelwal Niranjan , Govind Varan , Aggarwal Ashutosh , Nath Mohanty Manju
Published: January 2020

Purpose: The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cognitive impairment is well-recognized, but little is known about neural derangements that underlie this phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) using a whole-brain atlas to comprehensively assess microstructural tissue changes in the brain of patients with OSA. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in 20 patients with moderate-to-severe OSA and 20 age- and gender-matched controls. MRI data acquisition was performed with 3 Tesla and data was analyzed using a whole-brain atlas. DKI data were processed and transformed into a brain template space to obtain various kurtosis parameters including axial kurtosis (AK), radial kurtosis (RK), mean kurtosis (MK), and kurtosis fractional anisotropy (KFA) using a 189-region brain atlas in the same template space. These kurtosis measurements were further analyzed using a student t-test in order to determine kurtosis measurements that present significant differences between the OSA patient set and the control set. Results: Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in AK (54 regions), RK (10 regions), MK (6 regions) and KFA (41 regions) values in patients with OSA as compared to controls. DKI indices, using an atlas-based whole-brain analysis approach used in our study, showed widespread involvement of the anatomical regions in patients with OSA. Conclusion: The kurtosis parameters are more sensitive in demonstrating abnormalities in brain tissue structural organization at the microstructural level before any detectable changes appear in conventional MRI or other imaging modalities.
Os resumos e suas especificidades em periódicos brasileiros da Ciência da Informação
Authors: Lunardelli Rosane Suely Alvares , Paiva Andréia Del Conte de , Kawakami Tatiana Tissa
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: O resumo, representação da informação registrada no texto que o originou, configura-se como um instrumento valioso para a recuperação de conteúdos nas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento. Assim, compreendendo-se o papel informativo desse microtexto, propôs-se analisar as diretrizes estabelecidas para o desenvolvimento de resumos de artigos em periódicos científicos concernentes à Ciência da Informação.Método: Fundamentado em pesquisa exploratória qualitativa e aporte teórico pautado em pesquisas bibliográficas e documental, deu-se a análise de diretrizes para a elaboração de resumos de artigos em 24 publicações nacionais da área da Ciência da Informação.Resultado: Nesse sentido, observou-se que, embora existam pontos de convergência entre as recomendações das revistas consultadas, a introdução, a contextualização do assunto ainda não faz parte das exigências editoriais.Conclusões: Por meio das análises realizadas evidenciou-se a necessidade de esforços em direção à padronização, como por exemplo, na explicitação da demanda por resumos estruturados, objetivando-se em última instância, facilitar o processo de busca, recuperação e uso da informação.
Ciência-Ação em Ciência da Informação: um método qualitativo em análise
Authors: Almeida Jobson Louis Santos de , Perucchi Valmira , Freire Gustavo Henrique de Araújo
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Apresenta uma reflexão crítica sobre a construção de conhecimento científico com uso do método pesquisa ação na Ciência da Informação, evidenciando como este método vem sendo utilizado nos estudos sobre competências em informação no Brasil e no Exterior. Apresenta discussão pioneira no campo da Ciência da Informação sobre os tipos ou formas de se trabalhar este método, enfatizando a Ciência-Ação.Método: Metodologicamente, consistiu em uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, de abordagem interpretativista, que utilizou as técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental. Foram identificados 27 artigos nacionais e 19 artigos internacionais pertinentes à pesquisa-ação, publicados no período de 2008 a 2018, e recuperados pelo Portal de Periódicos da Capes.Resultado: Verificou-se que a pesquisa-ação é utilizada em estudos com propósitos diversificados, a exemplo da elaboração de tesauros, tutoriais, modelos, políticas de desenvolvimento de coleções, programas de competências em informação e políticas de informação. Enquanto método de pesquisa qualitativo, identificou-se que há cinco tipos ou formas de se trabalhar a pesquisa-ação, a saber: tradicional, contextual, educacional, radical e action science ou ciência-ação. Contudo, não há indícios que o método de pesquisa-ação do tipo action science tenha sido abordado no campo da Ciência da Informação no Brasil. No Exterior há apenas dois trabalhos com características aproximadas.Conclusões: Contribui com o campo científico apresentando a definição, origem e as características da Ciência-Ação, discutindo a viabilidade e o potencial de uso desse método no campo da Ciência da Informação e em uma pesquisa de Tese em andamento.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pesquisa-ação. Ciência-Ação. Método qualitativo. Conhecimento científico. Ciência da Informação.
Disseminação, compartilhamento e apropriação da informação no Youtube: uma análise do canal LGBTQ “PÕE NA RODA”
Authors: Martínez-Ávila Daniel , Luvizotto Caroline Kraus , Brito Jean Fernandes , Silva Rafaela Carolina
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Ao abarcar o contexto histórico-social de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Transexuais e Queer (LGBTQ), compreende-se a existência de dimensões de visibilidade, via espaços físicos e virtuais, onde o fortalecimento de uma identidade trafega a ideia de movimento enquanto comunidade. Logo, este estudo investigou as maneiras pelas o canal do Youtube “Põe na Roda” trabalha com a disseminação da informação para a apropriação LGBTQ.Métodos: Utilizou-se o método de pesquisa Netnografia, com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo exploratória e aplicada, com a análise do vídeo intitulado “Opção Sexual: você nasceu ou virou hétero?”, a partir dos critérios de visibilidade ‘mais visualizações’ e ‘mais comentários’.Resultados: A troca da informação é percebida pelo criador de conteúdo e pelas formas de relacionamento público-plataforma, dando ao usuário os recursos necessários ao como proceder em caso de alguma necessidade informacional relacionada ao gênero trabalhado. Fica evidente a preocupação e o comprometimento do criador de conteúdo enquanto um profissional disseminador da informação, seja na construção e no desenvolvimento dos seus vídeos, seja na manutenção de uma estrutura coerente do assunto abordado, contando que, ao mediar as informações aos seus usuários, ele se torna um pesquisador.Conclusões: O movimento LGBTQ apropria-se de informações e proporciona a troca de conhecimentos entre eles e para com o criador de conteúdo do canal analisado. Observa-se, assim, a importância de plataformas como o Youtube para a Ciência da Informação, contando que esses ambientes cumprem para com o tratamento da informação e para com a geração de conhecimento em sociedade.
Large contributions of biogenic and anthropogenic sources to fine organic aerosols in Tianjin, North China
Authors: Fan Yanbing , Liu Cong-Qiang , Li Linjie , Ren Lujie , Ren Hong , Zhang Zhimin , Li Qinkai , Wang Shuang , Hu Wei , Deng Junjun , Wu Libin , Zhong Shujun , Zhao Yue , Pavuluri Chandra Mouli , Li Xiaodong , Pan Xiaole , Sun Yele , Wang Zifa , Kawamura Kimitaka , Shi Zongbo , Fu Pingqing
Published: January 2020

Abstract. In order to better understand the molecular composition
and sources of organic aerosols in Tianjin, a coastal megacity in North
China, ambient fine aerosol (PM2.5) samples were collected on a
day/night basis from November to December 2016 and from May to June 2017.
The organic molecular composition of PM2.5 components, including aliphatic lipids
(n-alkanes, fatty acids, and fatty alcohols), sugar compounds, and
photooxidation products from isoprene, monoterpene, β-caryophyllene,
naphthalene, and toluene, was analysed using gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry. Fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and saccharides were identified as
the most abundant organic compound classes among all of the tracers detected in
this study during both seasons. High concentrations of most organics at
night in winter may be attributed to intensive residential activities such
as house heating as well as the low nocturnal boundary layer height. Based on tracer
methods, the contributions of the sum of primary and secondary organic
carbon (POC and SOC respectively) to aerosol organic carbon (OC) were 24.8 % (daytime)
and 27.6 % (night-time) in winter and 38.9 % (daytime) and 32.5 %
(night-time) in summer. In detail, POC derived from fungal spores, plant
debris, and biomass burning accounted for 2.78 %–31.6 % (12.4 %; please note that values displayed in parentheses in the following are average values) of OC during the daytime and 4.72 %–45.9 % (16.3 %) at night in winter, and
1.28 %–9.89 % (5.24 %) during the daytime and 2.08 %–47.2 % (10.6 %) at night in summer. Biomass-burning-derived OC was the predominant source of POC in this study,
especially at night (16.0±6.88 % in winter and 9.62±8.73 % in summer). Biogenic SOC from isoprene, α-∕β-pinene,
and β-caryophyllene exhibited obvious seasonal and diurnal patterns,
contributing 2.23±1.27 % (2.30±1.35 % during the daytime and
2.18±1.19 % at night) and 8.60±4.02 % (8.98±3.67 % and 8.21±4.39 %) to OC in winter and summer
respectively. Isoprene and α-∕β-pinene SOC were obviously
elevated in summer, especially during the daytime, mainly due to strong
photooxidation. Anthropogenic SOC from toluene and naphthalene oxidation
showed higher contributions to OC in summer (21.0±18.5 %) than in winter
(9.58±3.68 %). In summer, toluene SOC was the dominant contributor
to aerosol OC, and biomass burning OC also accounted for a high contribution to
OC, especially at night-time; this indicates that land/sea breezes also
play an important role in the aerosol chemistry of the coastal city of Tianjin
in North China.
Retrieving the global distribution of the threshold of wind erosion from satellite data and implementing it into the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory land–atmosphere model (GFDL AM4.0/LM4.0)
Authors: Pu Bing , Ginoux Paul , Guo Huan , Hsu N. Christina , Kimball John , Marticorena Beatrice , Malyshev Sergey , Naik Vaishali , O'Neill Norman T. , Pérez García-Pando Carlos , Paireau Juliette , Prospero Joseph M. , Shevliakova Elena , Zhao Ming
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Dust emission is initiated when surface wind velocities
exceed the threshold of wind erosion. Many dust models used constant
threshold values globally. Here we use satellite products to characterize
the frequency of dust events and land surface properties. By matching this
frequency derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
Deep Blue aerosol products with surface winds, we are able to retrieve a
climatological monthly global distribution of the wind erosion threshold
(Vthreshold) over dry and sparsely vegetated surfaces. This monthly
two-dimensional threshold velocity is then implemented into the Geophysical
Fluid Dynamics Laboratory coupled land–atmosphere model (AM4.0/LM4.0). It is
found that the climatology of dust optical depth (DOD) and total aerosol
optical depth, surface PM10 dust concentrations, and the seasonal cycle of
DOD are better captured over the “dust belt” (i.e., northern Africa and the
Middle East) by simulations with the new wind erosion threshold than those
using the default globally constant threshold. The most significant
improvement is the frequency distribution of dust events, which is generally ignored in model evaluation. By using monthly rather than annual mean Vthreshold, all comparisons with observations are further improved. The monthly global threshold of wind erosion can be retrieved under different spatial resolutions to match the resolution of dust models and thus can help improve the simulations of dust climatology and seasonal cycles as well as
dust forecasting.
Quasi-10 d wave modulation of an equatorial ionization anomaly during the Southern Hemisphere stratospheric warming of 2002
Authors: Mo Xiaohua , Zhang Donghe
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The present paper studies the perturbations in an equatorial ionization anomaly
(EIA) region during the Southern Hemisphere (SH) sudden stratospheric
warming (SSW) of 2002, using the location of EIA crests derived from global
positioning system (GPS) station observations, the total electron content
(TEC) obtained by the International GNSS (global navigation satellite system) Service (IGS) global ionospheric TEC
map (GIMs) and the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) estimated by the geomagnetic
field in the Asian sector. The results indicate the existence of an obvious
quasi-10 d periodic oscillation in the location and TEC of the northern and
southern EIA crest. An eastward phase progression of the quasi-10 d wave
producing the SH SSW of 2002 is also identified in polar stratospheric
temperature. Previous studies have shown that a strong quasi-10 d
planetary wave with zonal wave numbers s=1 extended from the lower
stratosphere to the mesosphere and lower thermosphere during the SH SSW of 2002
(Palo et al., 2005). Moreover, the EEJ driven by the equatorial zonal electric
field exhibits quasi-10 d oscillation, suggesting the enhanced
quasi-10 d planetary wave associated with SSW penetrates into the
ionosphere E region and produces oscillation in the EIA region through
modulating the E-region electric fields. Our results reveal some newer
features of ionospheric variation that have not been reported during
Northern Hemisphere (NH) SSWs.
Potential links between Baltic Sea submarine terraces and groundwater seeping
Authors: Jakobsson Martin , O'Regan Matt , Mörth Carl-Magnus , Stranne Christian , Weidner Elizabeth , Hansson Jim , Gyllencreutz Richard , Humborg Christoph , Elfwing Tina , Norkko Alf , Norkko Joanna , Nilsson Björn , Sjöström Arne
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) influences ocean chemistry,
circulation, and the spreading of nutrients and pollutants; it also shapes sea floor
morphology. In the Baltic Sea, SGD was linked to the development of terraces
and semicircular depressions mapped in an area of the southern Stockholm
archipelago, Sweden, in the 1990s. We mapped additional parts of the
Stockholm archipelago, areas in Blekinge, southern Sweden, and southern
Finland using high-resolution multibeam sonars and sub-bottom profilers to
investigate if the sea floor morphological features discovered in the 1990s
are widespread and to further address the hypothesis linking their formation
to SGD. Sediment coring and sea floor photography conducted with a remotely
operated vehicle (ROV) and divers add additional information to the
geophysical mapping results. We find that terraces, with general bathymetric
expressions of about 1 m and lateral extents of sometimes >100 m, are widespread in the surveyed areas of the Baltic Sea and are consistently formed in glacial clay. Semicircular depressions, however, are only found in a limited part of a surveyed area east of the island of Askö, southern Stockholm archipelago. While submarine terraces can be produced by several processes, we interpret our results to be in support of the basic hypothesis of terrace formation initially proposed in the 1990s; i.e. groundwater flows through siltier, more permeable layers in glacial clay to discharge at the sea floor, leading to the formation of a sharp terrace when the clay layers above seepage zones are undermined enough to collapse. By linking the terraces to a specific geologic setting, our study further refines the formation hypothesis and thereby forms the foundation for a future assessment of SGD in the Baltic Sea that may use marine geological mapping as a starting point. We propose that SGD through the submarine sea floor terraces is plausible and could be intermittent and linked to periods of higher groundwater levels, implying that to quantify the contribution of freshwater to the Baltic Sea through this potential
mechanism, more complex hydrogeological studies are required.