bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CO2-neutral Process Heating for Carburizing Furnaces – an Ecological Analysis*
Authors: Sankowski L. , Kaiser F. , Schmitz N. , Schwotzer C. , Pfeifer H.
Published: March 2023

In order to achieve the goal of a massive reduction of CO2-emissions, fossil fuels have to be substituted. In Germany, continuous carburizing furnaces for high capacities are almost exclusively fired by natural gas due to the lower energy costs. Electrical heating and hydrogen combustion are obvious alternatives. While electrical heating elements are state-of-the-art for these types of furnaces, hydrogen combustion has not been investigated. Furthermore, these two alternatives strongly depend on the specific energy mix, which determines the CO2-emissions. This case study compares different process heat generation options for continuous ring hearth furnaces for carburizing automotive steel parts by a quantitative approach. The investigated alternatives are natural gas/air heating as the reference, electrical heating and hydrogen/air heating. Besides the energy balances, primary energy consumption and resulting CO2-emissions are calculated. Furthermore, possible developments until 2050 are analysed. The results show that both alternative cases have a high potential to decrease CO2-emissions which strongly depend on the development of the energy mix and, therefore, the future expansion of renewable energy sources.
Deep learning accelerated discovery of photonic power dividers
Authors: Alagappan Gandhi , Png Ching Eng
Published: March 2023

This article applies deep learning-accelerated inverse design algorithms and discovers a spectrum of photonic power dividers with exceptional performance metrics despite the simplicity in the design geometry. The deep learning models exhibit high precisions on the order of 10−6 to 10−8 for both TE and TM polarizations of light. These models enable ultrafast search for an empirically describable subspace that simultaneously satisfy compact footprints, ultralow losses, ultrawide bandwidth, and exceptional robustness against fabrication randomness. We demonstrate a spectrum of devices for silicon photonics with programmable power splitting ratios, excess losses as small as 0.14 dB, to the best of our knowledge, the smallest footprints on the scale of sub-λ
2, and low loss bandwidths covering the whole telecommunication spectrum of O, S, E, C, L and U-bands. The robustness of the devices is statistically checked against the fabrication randomness and are numerically verified using the full three-dimensional finite difference time domain calculation.
Nutritional and chemical composition of black velvet tamarind (Dialium guineense Willd) and its influence on animal production: A review
Authors: Ogbuewu Ifeanyichukwu Princewill , Modisaojang-Mojanaga Morwaledi Morategi Cornelia , Mokolopi Baitsholetsi Gloria , Mbajiorgu Christian Anayo
Published: March 2023

The world population is expected to double by 2050, creating a greater demand for animal protein sources. This calls for an increase in the supply of animal-derived foods in order to avoid food scarcity in the future. Non-ruminants, which would have been a panacea to this increased demand for animal-derived foods, have suffered from the rising costs of feed ingredient world-wide. The increase in the prices of conventional feedstuffs have attracted the attention of researchers on the potentials of lesser-known tropical medicinal plants like Dialium guineense Willd (black velvet tamarind) as a feed resource for non-ruminants. The increase in prices of conventional feedstuffs have attracted the attention of researchers on the potentials of lesser-known tropical medicinal plants. One such lesser-known tropical plant that can be used in chicken and livestock production is black velvet tamarind. The plant is found in many parts of the world. It belongs to the family Fabaceae, has high forage yield, resistant to drought and insects, and does not require annual cultivation. The whole seed is moderate in crude protein and fibre but high in carbohydrates. The leaf, on the other hand, is low in carbohydrate, moderate in crude protein, and high in ash. D. guineense stem bark and fruit are excellent source of essential oils, and rich source of dietary fibre, minerals, and vitamins for monogastrics. The plant is endowed with beneficial phytochemicals such as alkaloids, tannins, phenols, flavonoids which may serve as natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. D. guineense has beneficial pharmacological effects including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The purpose of this study was to review the body of knowledge on the nutritional and chemical composition of D. guineense and its impact in animal production.
A comprehensive study on the metallographic preparation of W-Re samples for high resolution electron-based microscopy
Authors: Sommerauer M. , Siller M. , Clemens H. , Maier-Kiener V.
Published: March 2023

Modern day rotating X-ray anodes utilize a conversion layer comprised of a tungstenrhenium alloy. The thermomechanical loading of this layer during computed tomography operation introduces various signs of fatigue like cracking, roughening, melting, or microstructural changes. Previous work on preparing tungsten samples primarily considered intact thin films or bulk material. This work focuses on the metallographic preparation of the conversion layer surface, which represents the sample edge in polished cross-sectional cuts. The main goals were minimizing preparation artefacts and maximizing obtainable image quality during electron backscatter diffraction. Twelve preparation methods were compared with regard to edge rounding, chipping, and obtainable image quality. Coating the samples with a thin layer of molybdenum and adding a tungsten sheet for edge stabilization led to vastly improved results. Chemical-mechanical polishing of such a sample gave the most balanced set of considered benchmarks.
Disinfection of Mould-contaminated Archival Material by X-ray Irradiation – New Research Results on the Effect on Moulds and Cellulose
Authors: Palmbach Cornelius , Dobrusskin Sebastian , Jacot-Guillarmod Mathieu , Raymann Olivia , Buder Andreas , Hartmann Hans , Voser Guido , Mordasini Voser Barbara , Mordasini Gianclaudio , Amberg Caroline
Published: March 2023

This research project examines the effects of X-rays on cellulose and some moulds frequently found on paper. The aim was to identify applications for X-ray irradiation that can be used as a disinfection method for archival material. The question was if X-rays are suitable as an alternative to gamma radiation and if they are less harmful. For this purpose, the minimum X-ray dose required to reduce the microbial count to a harmless level was determined. The material-altering effect was examined on samples treated with X-rays and gamma radiation. Spectrophotometric measurements showed that there is no noticeable colour change with either type of radiation. The determination of the molecular weight distribution, in turn, showed that the molar mass of the cellulose is considerably reduced with both treatment methods. Using mechanical tests, however, it could be demonstrated that this has no significant influence on the tensile strength. The examination of the oxidation behaviour also showed no significant difference between the differently treated samples. The studies demonstrated that both methods have an almost identical effect on cellulose. Thus, X-ray treatment is primarily a supplement to the known disinfection methods and is particularly suitable for objects that would not withstand treatment with alcohol.
Analysis of heterogeneous duopoly game with information asymmetry based on extrapolative mechanism
Authors: Yuan Jing , Zhu Jianjun
Published: March 2023

Information plays an important role in decision-making process in oligopoly market. This paper establishes two Cournot duopoly games with information asymmetry based on extrapolative mechanism, and focus on the impacts of information asymmetry from the perspective of stability, complexity and profit. The results show that the extrapolative mechanism plays a different role for heterogeneous expectation firms. In general, proper prediction of rival’s output information is conducive to the improvement of firms’ profit and system stability. However, for firms adopting the adaptive adjustment mechanism, the optimal profit does not occur for the most perfect prediction. Firms who adopt gradient adjustment mechanism are worth to improve prediction accuracy to promote the system stability and the profit. In addition, it is more important for all firms to control their own output adjustment mechanism to gain more profits.
From Mourning and Melancholia to Neurobiology in an Era of Global Warming, Pandemic Disease, and Social Chasms: Grief as a Requisite for Change
Authors: Chambers Joanna E.
Published: March 2023

We find ourselves in a unique time in history with the confluence of a pandemic, global warming, and social chasms felt throughout the world. In this article, it is suggested that the grieving process is necessary for progress. The article addresses grief from a psychodynamic lens and progresses through the neurobiological changes that occur in the grieving process. The article discusses grief as both a result of and a necessary response to COVID-19, global warming, and social unrest. It is argued that grief is a vital process in order to fully change as a society and move forward. The role of psychiatry, and specifically psychodynamic psychiatry, is integral in paving the way to this new understanding and a new future.
Psychosocial and Psychodynamic Considerations Informing Factitious Disorder
Authors: Dickerman Anna L. , Jiménez Xavier F.
Published: March 2023

Factitious disorder is a condition in which patients deceitfully present themselves as injured or ill in the absence of obvious external reward. It is difficult to diagnose and treat, and little rigorous evidence exists in the literature. While larger studies have revealed some clinical and sociodemographic patterns, there is a lack of consensus on psychosocial factors and mechanisms contributing to factitious disorder. This in turn has led to conflicting recommendations on management. In this article, we review major psychopathological theories of factitious disorder, including the role of early trauma and subsequent development of interpersonal dysfunction, as well as maladaptive gratification obtained from assuming the sick role. Common themes of interpersonal disruptions in this patient population include a pathologic need for attention and care, as well as aggression and desire for dominance. In addition to psychodynamic and psychosocial etiologic models of factitious disorder, we also review associated treatment approaches. Finally, we offer clinical implications, including countertransference considerations, as well as directions for future research.
Neural Ensemble Fragmentation in the AnesthetizedDrosophilaBrain
Authors: Troup Michael , Tainton-Heap Lucy A. L. , van Swinderen Bruno
Published: March 2023

General anesthetics cause a profound loss of behavioral responsiveness in all animals. In mammals, general anesthesia is induced in part by the potentiation of endogenous sleep-promoting circuits, although “deep” anesthesia is understood to be more similar to coma (Brown et al., 2011). Surgically relevant concentrations of anesthetics, such as isoflurane and propofol, have been shown to impair neural connectivity across the mammalian brain (Mashour and Hudetz, 2017; Yang et al., 2021), which presents one explanation why animals become largely unresponsive when exposed to these drugs. It remains unclear whether general anesthetics affect brain dynamics similarly in all animal brains, or whether simpler animals, such as insects, even display levels of neural connectivity that could be disrupted by these drugs. Here, we used whole-brain calcium imaging in behaving femaleDrosophilaflies to investigate whether isoflurane anesthesia induction activates sleep-promoting neurons, and then inquired how all other neurons across the fly brain behave under sustained anesthesia. We were able to track the activity of hundreds of neurons simultaneously during waking and anesthetized states, for spontaneous conditions as well as in response to visual and mechanical stimuli. We compared whole-brain dynamics and connectivity under isoflurane exposure to optogenetically induced sleep. Neurons in theDrosophilabrain remain active during general anesthesia as well as induced sleep, although flies become behaviorally inert under both treatments. We identified surprisingly dynamic neural correlation patterns in the waking fly brain, suggesting ensemble-like behavior. These become more fragmented and less diverse under anesthesia but remain wake-like during induced sleep.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen humans are rendered immobile and unresponsive by sleep or general anesthetics, their brains do not shut off — they just change how they operate. We tracked the activity of hundreds of neurons simultaneously in the brains of fruit flies that were anesthetized by isoflurane or genetically put to sleep, to investigate whether these behaviorally inert states shared similar brain dynamics. We uncovered dynamic patterns of neural activity in the waking fly brain, with stimulus-responsive neurons constantly changing through time. Wake-like neural dynamics persisted during induced sleep but became more fragmented under isoflurane anesthesia. This suggests that, like larger brains, the fly brain might also display ensemble-like behavior, which becomes degraded rather than silenced under general anesthesia.
INFLUENCE OF ATHLETIC ACTIVITIES ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF STUDENTS
Authors: Bonova Iveta , Mileva Eleonora
Published: March 2023

One of the current problems of human society is how to improve the quality of life of the younger generation. Solving this issue is the subject of multidisciplinary research, which involves obtaining of a wide range of results in addition to more criteria for evaluating the quality of life. The purpose of the study was to determine whether there are differences in the quality of life between school children involved in sports and those who are not engaged in any sports. The study included a total of 50 secondary school children (25 athletics players and 25 who do not practice any sports) from different urban schools, with a mean age of 15 years, and a mean BMI of 18.8 kg/m2. The athletes had an average sports experience of 3 and a half years, while the other group of children were not involved in sports that required physical exertion. All participants were tested by using the WHO index for the quality of life. The athletes also performed functional tests to assess their sports performance. The quality of life index test revealed that there was no difference in the results for the individual parameters. The running test showed a statistical significance for the criteria that are responsible for the aerobic fitness and the health status of the children who are involved in sports.
EFFECT OF AN APPLIED PROGRAMME ON THE "SECURITY" OF HITTING IN BADMINTON COMPETITORS
Authors: Ivanova Rumyana
Published: March 2023

The data presented in this study define the quantitative evaluation of the indicator „security” in the playing technique for the discipline „Women-single”. The forced and unforced errors made by 5 Bulgarian badminton players during matches of state championships were determined. The data were recorded for 15 game indicators (strokes), divided into three groups: „attacking”, „neutral”, „defensive” and the elements „service”, „receiving”. For the set goal and tasks the following methods were applied: the research - study of specialized information sources; method of direct and indirect observation (recording-registration of game activity). The following mathematical-statistical methods were applied: analysis of variance, alternative analysis. The effect of the applied author's methodology on the improvement of attacking style of play, in particular - minimization of unforced errors by the female athletes studied in a pilot study was investigated. The results revealed a decrease in errors made in the „attacking” group from 40% to 32% at the end of the study; in the group of „neutral” strokes the female athletes made approximately the same percentage of errors: 27% and 28% in the second observation. The percentage of recorded inaccuracies for the „defensive” strokes group increased, from 33% in the initial data to 40% in the final measurement.
The report reveals in detail the dynamics of the indicator „security” in the technique of the basic strokes in badminton, distributed by groups for the discipline „Women – single”, the results are of practical value for the work of sports educators
A halomsíros kultúra különleges női sírja Sükösd határában
Authors: Pásztor Emília , Pap Evelin , Cs. Andrási Réka
Published: March 2023

Absztrakt

Sükösd határában 2020 decemberében egy halomsíros kultúrához tartozó, különlegesen gazdag mellékletekkel ellátott temetkezés került feltárásra. Az eredeti helyzetben megfigyelt fiatal nő egykori, díszes viseleti elemei közül kiemelkedik a bronz lábtekercspár és a sírban talált borostyánleletek.

In December 2020, a burial belonging to the Tumulus culture with particularly rich grave goods was excavated at Sükösd. The young woman was discovered intact and was richly adorned with jewellery. The most outstanding of these are the bronze anklets and the amber finds.
Investigation of the effects of sample preparation on gluten quantitation in rye and barley flours
Authors: Muskovics G. , Tömösközi S. , Bugyi Zs.
Published: March 2023

Proper gluten quantitation is essential for providing safe gluten-free food for patients living with celiac disease (CD). However, gluten quantitation faces several challenges: the lack of a reference method and certified reference materials, the variability of methods and the effects of genetic and environmental factors on gluten. Among all these challenges our research group focuses on gluten reference material development. Gluten content is determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods to obtain comparable data for the selection of cultivars used in our reference material development efforts. As ELISA methods are developed for determining low gluten concentrations, application for these special research purposes requires a 10,000-fold dilution. The formerly performed process was a post-extraction liquid dilution that proved to be sufficient for wheat samples. However, gluten contents of rye and barley samples were found to be overestimated by ELISA methods. One of the suggested reasons is the structural and solubility changes of gluten proteins during the dilution process. Therefore, our present study focuses on the comparison of the original dilution method and a revised version using solid-phase dilution in a gluten-free matrix.
Особливості професійної підготовки фахівців для забезпечення сімейної форми здобуття середньої освіти в Україні та світі
Authors:   Харківський національний педагогічний університет імені Г.С. Сковороди, Свиридова Тетяна
Published: March 2023

The article describes the results of the research on the current state of professional training to ensure the successful implementation of family (home) form of secondary education in Ukraine and other countries. The target audience of the study are scientists, teachers and other professionals whose activities are aimed at supporting families with children in home schooling. The issue is urgent because the family form of education is a recent innovative introduction into the practice of secondary education in Ukraine, whereas the process of training specialists to work in this alternative form of education appeared to be imperfect. That is why the purpose of the article is to study the worldwide experience in the training of specialists to work with children in home schooling to identify the possibility of implementing the experience of leading countries in domestic practice. To achieve this purpose, the following tasks were formulated: 1) to conduct a survey of parents of secondary school students in order to determine their attitude to the family form of education; 2) to find out whether there is a need for professional support when a family homeschool a child; 3) to analyze the current state of teacher training for family education all around the world, and in Canada in particular; 4) to compare the state of the problem in Ukraine and the world and determine the possibility of implementing the experience with positive results in the system of training in Ukraine. To solve all the problems mentioned above such general research methods were used as namely empirical methods of comparison and systems analysis; and theoretical methods, like continuous sampling methods and analogies. The study identified the need for curricula and additional training courses for working with families in which children receive home-based secondary education. The experience of foreign countries on the introduction of family education and training must be taken into account when organizing the educational process in Ukraine. It should also be noted that the interest is both positive and negative world experience. The results of the study are important for further theoretical research on the identified problem and important practical importance for the organization of a successful process of training to provide family education as an innovative alternative form of secondary education in Ukraine.
Формування професійно-значущих якостей особистості фахівця з технології харчування в умовах дуальної освіти
Authors:   Криворізький державний педагогічний університет, Кравченко Ольга
Published: March 2023

The article considers the main ways of formation of professionally important qualities of a future food technology specialist in the light of specific features of the given profession. The activities of a food industry specialist are presented as multifunctional and multicomponent. The main functions of the activity are listed. These functions of activity include: organizational, operational, prognostic, informational. The implementation of each function is considered as a necessary factor in the development of professionally significant personality traits of a future food technology specialist. There are six groups of qualities that must be possessed by a specialist in nutrition technology. Among them: cognitive (perception, memory, thinking, attention, imagination), communicative (attentiveness, personal culture, professional communication, interaction with customers, consumers, colleagues, management), competence (awareness, diligence, dedication, commitment). efficiency, experience, professional self-determination and self-realization), emotional and volitional (initiative, activity, optimism, politeness, tact), organizational (punctuality, concentration, discipline), motivational and value (sustainable motivational values and guidelines, professional interests, positive motivation, perseverance in achieving the goal), moral and psychological humanism, honesty, decency, tolerance, responsibility for their own actions and deeds). The role and place of each of the groups of professionally significant qualities of nutrition technology specialists, their significance for work in production are analyzed. Dual education has been identified as an important aspect of the formation of professionally important personality traits of future specialists in food technology. Dual education provides high quality training in nutrition technology, continuity and consistency of all stages of learning, flexibility and variability of educational programs, adaptability and socialization of students to the working environment, creates appropriate conditions for personal development of students, development of their important professional qualities. It is emphasised that dual education creates the conditions for engaging enterprises into the training process. The peculiarities of the implementation of dual education are related to the alternation of periods of theoretical training and practical practice, updating the learning conditions, flexibility of the curriculum, taking into account the individual trajectory of development and the interests of each student.
Поглиблена робота з міфонімами (на основі літературних творів шкільної програми для 10 класу)
Authors:   Ніжинський обласний педагогічний ліцей Чернігівської обласної ради, Івахно Наталія
Published: March 2023

Not common and not widespread in literary texts, such as anthroponymic or toponymic names, but quit functionally important can be considered mythonyms. Their role is revealed in the study of genre and stylistic features of some works of art of the school curriculum in Ukrainian literature for senior classes and worldviews of individual characters of those texts. The in-depth study of mythological artistic onyms is essential for tenth-grades. On the example of two works – Mykhailo Kotsyubynsky’s novel “Shadows og Forgotten Ancestors” and Lesya Ukrainka’s drama-extravaganza ‘Forest Song” – 10th grades can explore the role of the mythological names as one of the features of the drama genre, neo-romanticism style and ideology of cosmocentrism and paganism. That is why mythonyms need to be studied in depth within the genre, structural-stylistic and ideational-conceptual areas of research of a work of art. Like names of toponymic origin, mythological names combine both traditional etymological meanings and author’s additional meanings, which are valuable only in the context of a particular literary work. However, such names can often be symbolic. For example, Mavka is the heroine of Lesya Ukrainka’s neo-romantic drama-extravaganza “Forest Song”. The article outlines the optimal approach to the study of literary texts of the school curriculum in Ukrainian literature for 10th grade on the basis of genre, stylistic and ideological and conceptual analysis with in-depth study of mythological names. The paper identifies and proposes the basic requirements for the topics and objectives of the lessons devoted to the study of literary texts through involvement in the analysis of mythological names. The algorithm for constructing educational situations has been developed, the content of which corresponds to the proper names of methological characters and the author’s meanings contained in them.
Production and evaluation of alkali-activated binders of low-calcium fly ash with slag replacement
Authors: Reddy K. Chiranjeevi , Subramaniam Kolluru V. L.
Published: March 2023

Formulating alkali-activated binders requires a clear understanding of the role of activator concentration and source material composition on product formation and strength gain. Alkali activation of a low-calcium fly ash (FA) binder with slag replacements at 30% and 50% by mass was evaluated. The reactivity and compressive strength gain of the activated binders were evaluated using activating solutions with different sodium hydroxide molarities (SHMs). An increase in SHM produced a higher compressive strength of the activated binder. The primary reaction product formed in the activated binder was calcium silicate hydrate with aluminium substitution (C-(A)-S-H). An increase in SHM led to an increase in C-(A)-S-H content and a reduction in porosity. The slag contributed to early reactivity of the binder and the initial strength development, while the FA contributed to the later age strength by silica enrichment of the C-(A)-S-H. While increasing the SHM produced an increase in early reactivity, the sodium did not directly contribute to the formation of the reaction product. The sodium from the alkaline activator was not chemically bound to the C-(A)-S-H and could be removed by leaching in water. An increase in basicity with SHM enhanced the contribution of the low-calcium FA, leading to higher silica enrichment of the C-(A)-S-H.
Modelos de explicación sociocientífica sobre el cambio climático desde una perspectiva multimodal
Authors: Zona-López Jhon Rodolfo , Ruíz-Ortega Francisco Javier , Márquez-Bargalló Conxita
Published: March 2023

Los objetivos del presente artículo de investigación son caracterizar modelos de explicación sociocientífica sobre cambio climático y establecer los tipos de relaciones multimodales (cooperación y especialización) entre los lenguajes utilizados por estudiantes de 13-15 años. La investigación es de tipo cualitativo con un alcance comprensivo, modalidad estudio de caso, que analiza el contenido de tres modos de lenguaje (oral, escrito y gráfico) empleados por los estudiantes de una institución educativa colombiana durante su participación en escenarios de discusión y debate sobre un problema sociocientífico. Se presentan los resultados de dos modelos analizados en profundidad. El análisis permite identificar que los estudiantes centran su debate en las causas antropogénicas y naturales que han sido expuestas por los expertos. Las diferencias entre los modelos identifican mayor contenido científico (ecológico-ambiental) o social (político, ético y económico) de diferente naturaleza, así como mayor profundidad conceptual en las relaciones intersemióticas de especialización, que de cooperación.
EFFECT OF VISUAL ATTENTION ON CONTRALATERAL
SUPPRESSION OF ACOUSTIC REFLEXES
Authors: Prabhu Prashanth , Kumar Akriti , Revathi Raveendran , Gafoor Shezeen
Published: March 2023

Background

Cortical functions such as attention can affect the functioning of the medial efferent auditory system. This study
attempts to determine the effect of visual attention on contralateral suppression of acoustic reflexes.

Material and Methods

Contralateral suppression of acoustic reflex threshold (CSART) and contralateral suppression of
acoustic reflex amplitude (CSARA) were determined in 30 normal hearing individuals at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz. CSART and
CSARA were determined for four visual attention tasks: no attention, passive attention, and two active visual attention tasks.

Results

Contralateral suppression of acoustic reflexes was enhanced in the active visual attention condition compared to the
no visual attention condition. No significant difference was observed across gender in any of the conditions.

Conclusions

Visual attention tasks can have a direct effect on the medial auditory efferent system and hence needs to be monitored. To enhance suppression a well-controlled active visual attention task should be used.
Kenaf Fiber Composites: A Review on Synthetic and Biodegradable Polymer Matrix
Authors:   Centre for Materials Engineering and Smart Manufacturing, Mechanical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Malaysia, Tholibon Dulina , Tharazi Izdihar ,   Centre for Materials Engineering and Smart Manufacturing, Mechanical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Malaysia, Sulong Abu Bakar ,   Centre for Materials Engineering and Smart Manufacturing, Mechanical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Malaysia, Muhamad Norhamidi ,   Centre for Materials Engineering and Smart Manufacturing, Mechanical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Malaysia., Ismail Nur Farhani ,   Centre for Materials Engineering and Smart Manufacturing, Mechanical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Malaysia., Md Radzi Mohd Khairul Fadzly ,   Centre for Materials Engineering and Smart Manufacturing, Mechanical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Malaysia, Mohd Radzuan Nabilah Afiqah ,   Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Hui David ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Orleans, USA
Published: March 2023

This review paper deals with the previous and current works published on the kenaf fiber composites. Kenaf is grown commercially in South East Asia country and widely used in the construction and infrastructure as well as in the automotive industry. Kenaf fiber is usually reinforced with synthetic based polymer resin such as polypropylene. However, recent studies tend to concern towards the environmental issues which kenaf fiber act as an alternative natural fiber competitor. Moreover, the combination of the natural fiber and the biodegradable polymer able to reduce the negative impact on human health. Hence, researcher-initiated the interest focusing on the biodegradable materials obtained from the renewable sources. A huge attention gave to the kenaf fiber reinforced bio-polymer materials such as polylactic acid. The processing technique and the fiber orientation within the composite materials are discussed extensively in order to obtain the maximum composite performance. Results indicated that the mechanical properties; tensile strength and tensile modulus, are improved as the kenaf fiber was aligned in uni-direction. Therefore, this paper overview on the kenaf retting types in the common form of kenaf fibers and discussing the thermoplastic polymer matrices types used in the fabrication processes. In addition, the challenging of using kenaf fibers composites and its application in the automotive industry also highlighted.
Using of en-bloc resection of the bladder wall with a tumor in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
Authors: Kotov S. V. , Guspanov R. I. , Khachatryan A. L. , Pulbere S. A. , Sargsyan Sh. M. , Zhuravleva A. K.
Published: March 2023

Background. Bladder cancer is in the top ten most common onco-urological diseases. Its most common form – non-muscle invasive bladder cancer – is one of the most expensive for healthcare and requires many resources for diagnosis and treatment.

Aim. To evaluate safety and effectiveness of en bloc transurethral resection (eTUBRT) of bladder wall with tumor compared to conventional transurethral resection (cTUBRT) in context of recurrence-free survival and perspectives of widespread implementation in onco-urological practice.

Materials and methods. We have performed a search and analysis of Russian and international literature in the PubMed database on “en-bloc resection of bladder cancer” regarding information about recurrence-free survival in patients after eTURBT and cTURBT, intraand perioperative complications, overall survival, disease progression, and different surgical techniques. References in the sources were also analyzed to identify additional potentially relevant studies.

Results. The analysis of the data showed that eTURBT is safer in regards to intraand postoperative complications, and it has better long-term oncological outcomes and quality of extracted histological material. Additionally, no significant differences in treatment outcomes with different instruments (monopolar, bipolar electric current, different laser equipment) were discovered.

Conclusion. eTURBT has several advantages compared to cTURBT in treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and is a potential alternative to cTURBT. However, further research is required to evaluate the place and capabilities of eTURBT in the arsenal of an onco-urologist.
Review of the article “Solitary renal cancer metastasis to the thoracic spine: case report”
Authors: Shirokorad V. I.
Published: March 2023

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From Fantastic Theories to Objective Reality: Is there Future for Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Technologies in Administration of Criminal Justice?
Authors: Spesivov N. V.
Published: March 2023

Digitalization of various spheres of public relations, including their legal regulation, has recently become the talk of the town. More than a dozen works, many of which are of a rather fundamental nature, address the problems of digital development of law in general and criminal procedure in particular. However, it is difficult to deny that the issues of the influence of artificial intelligence on the development of justice have become the subject of widespread discussion relatively recently. As for predictive technologies, in comparison with foreign countries, there are many times fewer works of Russian legal researchers studying the issues under consideration. Basically, the legal personality of artificial intelligence is perceived as something negative, although it would be wrong to completely deny the idea of gradual penetration of this high technology into legal reality. The study attempts to participate in the discussion concerning admissibility of the use of predictive technologies and artificial intelligence in the administration of justice in criminal cases.

The paper substantiates the thesis that rapid digitalization in the field of criminal justice should not go against implementation of the citizens’ right to access justice, but should serve as an important means of achieving transparency of the criminal process.

Based on the basic postulates of the construction of the Russian criminal process, the author critically comprehends the place of artificial intelligence and predictive technologies from the standpoint of auxiliary elements or a fullfledged replacement of a human judge, discusses the search for an optimal balance of their application in order to improve the quality of justice in criminal cases. Despite certain conservatism of the criminal process and the seeming surrealism of thinking about full-fledged coexistence of criminal justice with predictive technologies and artificial intelligence, the author considers this direction to be very promising, requiring further study and reflection for the benefit of human development, society and the state.
A User Agreement, a Conﬁdentiality Agreement: Content Features in the context of the Use of Artiﬁcial Intelligence Technologies
Authors: Poduzova E. B.
Published: March 2023

Artificial Intelligence technologies have a wide scope of application, in particular, they are used to process large amounts of information; these technologies constitute one of the elements of Big Data. In the information environment, conclusion and execution of a user agreement and confidentiality agreement are of particular importance. These agreements form a reliable means of regulating the information interaction between their parties. There is no solution either in the doctrine or in jurisprudence to a number of problems related to these agreements, in particular the problems of their legal characterization, constitutive features and content, including formulation of a number of conditions. The paper provides recommendations for solving these problems, in particular, it determines constitutive features, legal characterization of the user agreement and confidentiality agreement, suggests the wording of separate conditions for the agreements under consideration. When writing the article, the author relied on the effective legislation, civil doctrine, judicial and business practice.
Morbidity, mortality, reliability of accounting, survival of patients with malignant neoplasms (ZNO) in Russia. The impact of the SARS-CoV-2-betacoronavirus coronavirus epidemic (population study at the federal district level)
Authors: Merabishvili Vakhtang M.
Published: March 2023

Since the second half of the twentieth century, active events have been held in our country and around the world to study the prevalence of cancer, form specialized medical institutions to provide necessary help to cancer patients. Over the following decades, a steady increase in the number of primary patients was observed, and a gradual decrease in mortality was observed, associated with the successes of anti-cancer measures. The outbreak of pneumonia in December 2019, caused by the seventh newly discovered SARS-CoV-2-beta coronavirus, quickly spread to all continents. At the first stage of the pandemic, panic was observed, outpatient and even specialized hospitals were closed. This had a significant impact on the organization of oncological services, in particular on the incidence, mortality of the population and the survival of cancer patients.
The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the newly emerged virus on the organizational problems of the oncological service, primarily on the incidence, mortality of the population and the survival of cancer patients.
Materials and methods data of state reporting, data of the Federal State Statistics Service on the deceased, database of cancer registries of St. Petersburg and the South-West Federal District of the Russian Federation.
The results of the study showed the need for a thorough study of the problems of the development of cancer registries, determined the negative impact of the pandemic on the incidence of cancer, identified the maximum damage by localization, age groups and administrative territories of Russia. It was found that in general, the country had an undercount of about 100,000 cancer patients, and the quality of primary registration decreased by 13%. The greatest damage to the primary patients was caused to the elderly and elderly, especially in localities with a low mortality rate. A stable increase in one-year and five-year survival of cancer patients was revealed, as well as a negative (by 6%) decrease in one-year survival from 2019 to 2020. More complex conditions for maintaining databases for rural populations were identified.
Seismoacoustic Explosion Yield and Depth Estimation: Insights from the Large Surface Explosion Coupling Experiment
Authors: Kim Keehoon , Pasyanos Michael E.
Published: March 2023

The Large Surface Explosion Coupling Experiment (LSECE) is a chemical explosion experiment conducted in Yucca Flat at the Nevada National Security Site in 2020. The experiment included two surface detonations of ∼1000 kg trinitrotoluene equivalent. The main goal of this experiment was to provide the ground-truth data for seismoacoustic wave excitation by large chemical explosions near the ground surface. The seismic and acoustic energy partitioning between the surface is strongly governed by the depth or height of explosions, and either seismic or acoustic-only analysis may have inherent ambiguity in determining explosion yield and depth simultaneously. Previous studies suggested that joint seismoacoustic analysis can resolve the trade-off and reduce the uncertainty of yield and depth estimation dramatically. We demonstrate the capability of seismoacoustic analysis to improve the accuracy of explosion yield and depth estimation with the LSECE data. Local acoustic wave propagation in the atmosphere can be substantially affected by constantly varying weather conditions. Consisting of two detonations before dawn and in the afternoon, LSECE provides unique data to evaluate the model accuracy of acoustic wave propagation and seismoacoustic energy partitioning depending on local atmospheric conditions. We quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of yield and depth estimation depending on atmospheric variability and the improvement achieved by the joint seismoacoustic approach.
Numerical Modeling of Air-Blast Suppression as a Function of Explosive-Charge Burial Depth
Authors: Ford Sean R. , Vorobiev Oleg Y.
Published: March 2023

As a chemical explosion is buried, the mechanism for acoustic wave generation transitions from fully gas-generated at the surface to completely spall-induced at full containment depth. The fully gas-generated and completely spall-induced signals in the acoustic waveform are well described; however, the transition between these two end-members eludes numerical modeling because of the complex phenomena that are involved. The phenomena of crater formation and explosive cloud evolution are simulated using an Eulerian hydrocode that incorporates geomaterials with strength and porosity. Having accurately modeled these phenomena, we can confidently predict the propagation and relative strength of the gas-generated and spall-induced pulses in the recorded acoustic waveform. The numerical predictions agree with observations from the historical Stagecoach experiment as well as modern recordings from the Source Physics Experiment. In particular, the peak pressure p generated by an explosion is initially due to the gas-generated mechanism and decays with scaled depth of burial ds (depth d scaled by the cube-root of explosive yield w1/3) as exp(−ds) but then transitions near a scaled depth of 6  m/ton1/3 to the spall-generated mechanism in which the decay is ds−7/4. This decay form is related to the strong ground-motion attenuation relationship that affects spall strength. These results can improve seismoacoustic inverse models for the explosive source that need to account for the gas-generated and spall-induced signals and their effect on peak pressures and other acoustic signal features.
Seismoacoustic Analysis of the 7 July 2011 Abadan, Turkmenistan, Explosions
Authors: Nippress Stuart E. J. , Nippress Alexandra , Green David N.
Published: March 2023

On 7 July 2011, a series of accidental explosions occurred in the town of Abadan, Turkmenistan. The explosions were observed at local distances (11 and 23 km) at the International Monitoring System (IMS) seismic array, GEYT, and at the Central Asian Cross-border Network (CAREMON), seismic station, ASHT. A total of 30 individual seismic events could be identified. IMS infrasound arrays also observed these explosions at longer ranges, for example, from 1374 km (I31KZ, Kazakhstan) to 4307 km (I48TN, Tunisia). These local and long-range observations allow us to compare yields estimated from the seismic data, 0.05–45 tonnes (trinitrotoluene [TNT] equivalent; using P-wave and Rg amplitude relationships) to those estimated from the infrasound data, 4–90 tonnes (using the dominant period). Given the long propagation distances to the closest IMS infrasound arrays, the signal durations are long and individual events in the series cannot be identified in the infrasound signals. Comparison of the seismic and infrasonic yield estimates suggests that the infrasonic dominant periods are likely associated with the largest explosions in the series. In addition to the seismic arrivals observed locally, air-to-ground coupled waves exhibiting downward first motions consistent with an initial positive blast overpressure are also observed at both GEYT and ASHT. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the air-to-ground coupled waves increases with increasing yield, whereas the period of these signals is yield independent. These amplitude observations suggest that air-to-ground coupled arrivals could be better exploited within event analyses and provide a further constraint upon yield. Fully exploiting these events of opportunity, that have multiphenomenology observations, will help to further improve our understanding of how energy from near-surface explosions partitions into the ground and atmosphere and, therefore, improve our understanding of future events.