bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motor learning in a complex balance task and associated neuroplasticity: a comparison between endurance athletes and nonathletes
Authors: Seidel Oliver , Carius Daniel , Kenville Rouven , Ragert Patrick
Published: June 2017

Studies suggested that motor expertise is associated with functional and structural brain alterations, which positively affect sensorimotor performance and learning capabilities. The purpose of the present study was to unravel differences in motor skill learning and associated functional neuroplasticity between endurance athletes (EA) and nonathletes (NA). For this purpose, participants had to perform a multimodal balance task (MBT) training on 2 sessions, which were separated by 1 wk. Before and after MBT training, a static balance task (SBT) had to be performed. MBT-induced functional neuroplasticity and neuromuscular alterations were assessed by means of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electromyography (EMG) during SBT performance. We hypothesized that EA would showed superior initial SBT performance and stronger MBT-induced improvements in SBT learning rates compared with NA. On a cortical level, we hypothesized that MBT training would lead to differential learning-dependent functional changes in motor-related brain regions [such as primary motor cortex (M1)] during SBT performance. In fact, EA showed superior initial SBT performance, whereas learning rates did not differ between groups. On a cortical level, fNIRS recordings (time × group interaction) revealed a stronger MBT-induced decrease in left M1 and inferior parietal lobe (IPL) for deoxygenated hemoglobin in EA. Even more interesting, learning rates were correlated with fNIRS changes in right M1/IPL. On the basis of these findings, we provide novel evidence for superior MBT training-induced functional neuroplasticity in highly trained athletes. Future studies should investigate these effects in different sports disciplines to strengthen previous work on experience-dependent neuroplasticity.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Motor expertise is associated with functional/structural brain plasticity. How such neuroplastic reorganization translates into altered motor learning processes remains elusive. We investigated endurance athletes (EA) and nonathletes (NA) in a multimodal balance task (MBT). EA showed superior static balance performance (SBT), whereas MBT-induced SBT improvements did not differ between groups. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings revealed a differential MBT training-induced decrease of deoxygenated hemoglobin in left primary motor cortex and inferior parietal lobe between groups.
Insights from Systems Biology in Physiological Studies: Learning from Context
Authors: Imenez Silva Pedro Henrique , Melo Diogo , de Mendonça Pedro Omori Ribeiro 
Published: June 2017

Systems biology presents an integrated view of biological systems, focusing on the relations between elements, whether functional or evolutionary, and providing a rich framework for the comprehension of life. At the same time, many low-throughput experimental studies are performed without influence from this integrated view, whilst high-throughput experiments use low-throughput results in their validation and interpretation. We propose an inversion in this logic, and ask which benefits could be obtained from a holistic view coming from high-throughput studies―and systems biology in particular―in interpreting and designing low-throughput experiments. By exploring some key examples from the renal and adrenal physiology, we try to show that network and modularity theory, along with observed patterns of association between elements in a biological system, can have profound effects on our ability to draw meaningful conclusions from experiments.
Cold Exposure Differentially Stimulates Angiogenesis in BAT and WAT of Mice: Implication in Adrenergic Activation
Authors: Luo Xiao , Jia Ru , Luo Xiao-qin , Wang Guan , Zhang Qiang-ling , Qiao Hu , Wang Nan , Yan Jian-qun
Published: June 2017

Background/Aims: To characterize the temporal profile of cold-induced angiogenesis in brown and white adipose tissues of mice in vivo and the temporal changes of angiogenic factors in primary mice brown (BA) and white adipocytes (WA) treated with β3-adrenoceptor agonist (CL316,243) in vitro. Methods: 8-week old male C57BL/6J mice were individually housed in conventional cages under cold exposure (4°C) for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days. Interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), inguinal subcutaneous (sWAT) and epididymal white adipose tissues (eWAT) were harvested for immunohistochemical and gene expression analysis. In vitro, primary mice BA and WA treated with or without CL316,243 were harvested for gene expression and protein secretion analysis. Results: A combination of morphological and genetic (Vegfa, Vegfr2, Hif-1α, Pai1 and Pedf) analyses demonstrated depot-specific angiogenesis in response to cold exposure. Upon CL316,243 treatment, angiogenic factors (Vegfa, Vegfr2, Hif-1α, Pai1 and Pedf) and secreted protein VEGFA were transiently increased in both BA and WA. Conclusion: Our results show that iBAT is highly responsive to cold-induced angiogenesis that is mainly supported by sWAT with a lesser extent by eWAT. Moreover, the angiogenesis is a transient process with the angiogenic factors may work in an autocrine/paracrine manner.
Integrated High Throughput Analysis Identifies GSK3 as a Crucial Determinant of p53-Mediated Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhu Chenyang , Sun Bangyao , Lv Jiawei , Liu Zhonghua , Liu Shengwang , Li Hai
Published: June 2017

Background/Aims: p53 dysfunction is frequently observed in lung cancer. Although restoring the tumour suppressor function of p53 is recently approved as a putative strategy for combating cancers, the lack of understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying p53-mediated lung cancer suppression has limited the application of p53-based therapies in lung cancer. Methods and Results: Using RNA sequencing, we determined the transcriptional profile of human non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells after treatment with two p53-activating chemical compounds, nutlin and RITA, which could induce A549 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis of genome-wide gene expression data showed that distinct transcription profiles were induced by nutlin and RITA and 66 pathways were differentially regulated by these two compounds. However, only two of these pathways, 'Adherens junction' and 'Axon guidance', were found to be synthetic lethal with p53 re-activation, as determined via integrated analysis of genome-wide gene expression profile and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screening. Further functional protein association analysis of significantly regulated genes associated with these two synthetic lethal pathways indicated that GSK3 played a key role in p53-mediated A549 cell apoptosis, and then gene function study was performed, which revealed that GSK3 inhibition promoted p53-mediated A549 cell apoptosis in a p53 post-translational activity-dependent manner. Conclusion: Our findings provide us with new insights regarding the mechanism by which p53 mediates A549 apoptosis and may cast light on the development of more efficient p53-based strategies for treating lung cancer.
O poder moderador na construção do Estado imperial brasileiro
Authors: Ambrosini Diego Rafael
Published: June 2017

O texto procura fazer uma pequena história da idéia de instituir um “poder neutro” na estrutura do Estado, a partir dos escritos de Benjamin Constant e de sua contraprova, a experiência histórica do Império brasileiro
A relação entre lei e poder em Hannah Arendt
Authors: Abreu Maria Aparecida Azevedo de
Published: June 2017

O objetivo do texto é relacionar o conceito de lei e o de poder na obra de Hannah Arendt. Na obra da autora, o poder é algo que emerge da ação e está fortemente relacionado com a liberdade, sendo, nesta medida, uma noção bastante fecunda e eminentemente localizada no espaço político. Em contrapartida a lei, tal como vista por Arendt, tem sua elaboração situada fora do espaço político, pertencendo a este espaço somente o consentimento ou dissenso à lei. Com isto, na perspectiva da autora, enquanto a lei é resultado de um processo pré-político, o poder é um produto eminentemente político. Trata-se, portanto, de uma relação “pouco tensa”
Interesses Organizados na Política Comercial Brasileira: da Era CACEX às Negociações Internacionais
Authors: Fernandes Ivan Filipe Almeida Lopes
Published: June 2017

Este artigo analisa como os grupos de interesse se conformaram e atuaram para influenciar a política de comércio exterior. O objetivo é verificar se as alterações ocorridas na natureza das arenas decisórias da política comercial brasileira após a liberalização e abertura comercial ocorrida em 1990, uma das primeiras medidas do governo Collor, elucidam a dinâmica de atuação desses grupos e se esta atuação ocorre de forma distinta ao padrão vigente no período anterior à abertura. Para responder a essa questão partiremos das abordagens de Lowi (1964) e Wilson (1986) que vinculam os padrões de atuação dos grupos à natureza da arena política em questão. A atuação dos grupos no primeiro período está enquadrada no sistema corporativo de intermediação de interesses e privilegiava a interação com o setor empresarial. Com a abertura comercial e a renovação dos problemas e objetivos orientadores da diplomacia comercial no campo das negociações internacionais, houve uma ampla reorganização da sociedade civil e a inclusão de atores, estatais e não estatais, antes excluídos do processo decisório da política comercial brasileira
¿Partidos vs. Movimientos? Algunas reflexiones a partir de las recientes movilizaciones estudiantiles en Chile
Authors: Bartoletti Julieta , Mangiantini Martín
Published: June 2017

El articulo parte de una breve discusión de los paradigmas político-ideológicos y teóricos que rodearon la emergencia de los llamados “nuevos movimientos sociales” en América Latina Considerando que entrado el siglo XXI, muchas de las premisas de esa discusión siguen vigentes a partir de la dicotomía “partidos vs movimientos”, busca confrontar los modelos teóricos e ideológicas así opuestos con una experiencia concreta: la “revolución de los pingüinos” del 2006 y las movilizaciones en curso en Chile. Además de contribuir al conocimiento (retaceado por los medios de comunicación) y la reflexión respecto de la riqueza de esta experiencia del pueblo chileno el análisis llega a la conclusión de que partidos (y en general estructuras organizativas tradicionales) y movimientos no sólo no son incompatibles, sino que pueden generar situaciones de complementación y retroalimentación positivas
Transformaciones en la Política Social Argentina, el caso de la Asignación Universal por Hijo.
Authors: Arcidiácono Pilar , Barrenechea Verónica Carmona , Straschnoy Mora
Published: June 2017

Desde 2009, con la Asignación Universal por Hijo para Protección Social4 (AUH), parece inaugurarse una nueva etapa para las políticas sociales en Argentina. Por un lado, se amplía el régimen de Asignaciones Familiares vigente desde 1957 y que estaba destinado desde sus orígenes a trabajadores formales, incluyendo a sectores de trabajadores informales y desempleados. Por el otro, a partir de la AUH se reemplazan los Programas de Transferencia Condicionada de Ingresos nacionales más importantes del momento – el Plan Jefes y Jefas de Hogar Desocupados que se había implementado a partir de la crisis de 2001/2 en argentina, y el Programa Familias por la Inclusión Social, creado en el año 2006-. Sin embargo, más allá de los cambios cuali y cuantitativos, algunas de las características de las políticas predecesoras aún se plasmen en la Asignación Universal, como por ejemplo la continuidad de las condicionalidades educativas y de salud y el hecho de que se continua brindando prestaciones diferenciales a los trabajadores asalariados formales y a los excluidos del mercado de trabajo formal. Este trabajo abordará diversos aspectos de la AUH y su carácter difuso entre las
As principais motivações para a migração internacional - o caso do Marrocos para a Espanha
Authors: Santos Aline Baú dos
Published: June 2017

Tendo como estudo de caso a migração de trabalhadores do Marrocos para Espanha, verificam-se dois importantes fatores que estimulam os trabalhadores à migração internacional: o econômico e o histórico. A premissa de que a economia é um dos principais motivadores à migração é amplamente divulgada e têm sido desenvolvidas diversas teorias a respeito, como, por exemplo, a Migration Hump, a Teoria Dual de Trabalho e a teoria Push and Pull, que têm determinantes econômicos em sua lógica. Essas teorias se enquadram na realidade migratória Magrebe-Espanha, contudo, a ciência econômica por si só não explica as motivações que os migrantes internacionais têm para escolherem um determinado país e correrem riscos de vida para habitá-lo. Questões simples como: “por que marroquinos arriscam a vida para viver na Europa” e “por que a maior densidade populacional de magrebinos que vão para a Espanha é do Ex-Protetorado Espanhol no Marrocos”passam a ser melhor respondidas quando se alia ao estudo econômico a análise de conjuntura histórico social. Afinal, para a melhor compreensão da temática migratória internacional – inclusive suas motivações – observa-se a importância da perspectiva multidisciplinar que envolve a temática
Representação política em Cuba: um Estado dos trabalhadores?
Authors: Coelho Tádzio
Published: June 2017

A Revolução Cubana empreendeu construir um Estado nacional -popular, que combina uma adesão social antiimperialista, antimonopolista e antilatifundista que faz oposição contra a classe dominante externa. Por isso, não descarta o controle estatal por parte da burguesia nacional, e mesmo que não seja liderado pelas classes populares, envolve a participação popular. Trata-se de um nacionalismo dos dominados que guarda, assim, um caráter progressista. Na representação política dos trabalhadores cubanos existem alguns aspectos que podemos chamar de socialistas. Os trabalhadores interferem em parte dos processos de decisão política, exatamente por se tratar de um “Estado na cional-popular”, atendendo algumas das demandas do setor nacional e do proletariado em geral
O Sistema Semi-Presidencialista Cabo-verdiano: A Relação entre os Poderes Executivo e Legislativo
Authors: Madeira João Paulo
Published: June 2017

O artigo procura analisar a relação que se estabelece entre o poder executivo e legislativo no sistema de governo cabo-verdiano, onde Investigadores buscam compreendê-lo, tendo em conta a sua configuração prática, teórica e constitucional. Há que realçar a proeminência do debate e dos estudos realizados no sentido de compreender como é que a academia científica procura debelar esta problemática. Duas questões são pertinentes neste debate: a primeira refere-se à configuração teórico-constitucional do sistema de governo cabo-verdiano e a outra à prática política e legislativa
Deliberation & the Challenge of Inequality
Authors: Siu Alice
Published: June 2017

Deliberative critics contend that because societal inequalities cannot be bracketed in deliberative settings, the deliberative process inevitably perpetuates these inequalities. As a result, they argue, deliberation does not serve its theorized purposes, but rather produces distorted dialogue determined by inequalities, not merits. Advocates of deliberation must confront these criticisms: do less-privileged, less-educated, or perhaps illiterate participants stand a chance in discussions with the more privileged, better educated, and well spoken? Could their arguments ever be perceived or weighed equally? This essay presents empirical evidence to demonstrate that, in deliberations that are structured to provide a more level playing field, inequalities in skill and status do not translate into inequalities of influence.
Bullying in Canada in the 21st Century: The Moral Obligations of Parents, Teachers, Schools and Governments
Authors: Wilkinson Irene G.
Published: June 2017

Despite an abundance of evidence-based intervention programmes available to schools across the country, childhood bullying persists in Canada. This paper looks at various types of bullying behaviour and its often devastating and far-reaching effects. It examines the common characteristics of children who bully as well as the reasons for, and causes of, bullying behaviour and summons more heightened attention to its root causes namely poverty, homelessness and disconnection. The moral obligations of parents, teachers, schools and governments and their roles as team players in raising sociable, compassionate and confident moral citizens in a world in which bullying behaviour is not only unacceptable but unthinkable, is also discussed.
Strafrechtlicher Schutz von Sklaven gegen Willkür ihrer Herren
Authors: Liebs Detlef
Published: June 2017

In the 2nd century CE, Roman emperors took decisions on several cases involving slaves who had been brutally treated by their masters. Such masters had to accept that their slaves would be sold, and in some cases they themselves were even punished, e.g. by being temporarily exiled. In the early 3rd century Ulpian construed a new crime from this context, namely saevitia dominorum, to be punished extraordinarily. Diocletian undermined this in a rescript to a soldier, and Constantine openly allowed masters to punish their slaves just as they liked. Even if a punishment lead to the slave’s dead, he forbade investigation against the masters. Both the Visigothic Lex Romana and Justinian tried to come to compromises, which continued even into Frankish times, although the results were inconsistent. Only the Judeo-Christian Collatio preserved Ulpian’s concept of a new crime, but the secular lawyers took no notice of this text, whereas medieval clerical jurists did.
Die Ratio des Schenkungsverbotes unter Ehegatten
Authors: Stagl Jakob Fortunat
Published: June 2017

The ratio behind the prohibition for spouses to donate to each other. Monopolising matrimonial property law in the dotal system. 

The present inquiry is based on the premise that the riddle of the highly contested rationale of the prohibition of donations between spouses can only be solved by taking into account the legal basis of this prohibition. The classical jurists treated the prohibition within the ius dotium, shorthand for ‘matrimonial property regime’, a legal matter heavily transformed by the lex Iulia et Papia which followed the goal of inciting the upper class to get married which would guarantee the desired offspring and control over the Emperor’s subjects. Considering the palingenetic context of the treatises on the prohibition, the lex Iulia et Papia is to be considered the legal basis of the prohibition which, therefore, has the purpose of channelling all economical transactions between the spouses into the ius dotium which in turn serves the goals of the lex Iulia et Papia. To sum it up: The prohibition was another legal ordinance in Augustus’ arsenal serving his fight for moral renewal, that is to say limitation of civil liberties, and the consolidation of his power.
Ἀποκρίματα und die Kaiserkonstitutionen
Authors: Plisecka Anna
Published: June 2017

The article presents an attempt to comprehend the ἀποκρίματα within the system of Roman imperial constitutions. Whereas it is generally assumed, that the ἀποκρίματα were identical with the subscripts, it is argued that they constituted a kind of imperial enactment sui generis, which cannot be identified with any of the known types of constitutions. We find the term ἀπόκριμα, which had no technical meaning until the end of the second century, being used with a consistent connotation only after the visit of Septimius Severus and Caracalla to Egypt. Furthermore, it refers specifically to the group of decisions, which the both emperors have issued in Alexandria during that visit.
Comments on the neotype of Rana margaritifera Laurenti, 1768 (Anura, Bufonidae)
Authors: LAVILLA ESTEBAN O. , LANGONE JOSÉ A. , CARAMASCHI ULISSES , POMBAL JOSÉ P. Jr. , SÁ RAFAEL O. DE
Published: June 2017

After more than two and half centuries regarding the identity of Rana margaritifera Laurenti, 1768, Lavilla et al. (2013) designated a neotype for the species. The authors did an extensive search to locate the type material of Laurenti (1768) and failed in finding the specimen in question. Consequently, they selected an adult female collected in the Municipality of Humaitá, State of Amazonas, Brazil, on 12 April 1985 and deposited in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, MNRJ 71538. This action, was carried out to solve a specific taxonomic problem in Neotropical amphibian systematics, i.e., the type specimen considered lost and the type locality uncertain. However, this action proved to be erroneous, since the type specimen is not lost.
Maximizing the Clinical Benefit of Anthracyclines in Addition to Taxanes in the Adjuvant Treatment of Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Curigliano Giuseppe , Criscitiello Carmen
Published: June 2017

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.

A healthy 56-year-old postmenopausal woman discovered a palpable mass at the one o'clock position of the left breast. After an initial biopsy confirmed breast cancer, she underwent mastectomy and axillary node dissection for a left-sided breast cancer that measured 3.5 cm. There was extensive lymphovascular invasion. Pathology review indicated a poorly differentiated, grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ (largest focus, 3.5 cm). The margins were negative. Two of the 11 axillary lymph nodes contained metastatic carcinoma. Immunohistochemical studies previously obtained on the core biopsy indicated that the tumor was positive for estrogen receptor expression (50%), negative for progesterone receptor expression, and had a Ki-67 score of 60%. There was no amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/ neu gene. Staging scans were negative for metastatic disease. Our multidisciplinary tumor board recommended adjuvant chemotherapy, postmastectomy radiation therapy, and endocrine therapy.

A 52-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with a palpable mass of the right breast. An initial core biopsy confirmed carcinoma in the breast. She underwent quadrantectomy and axillary node dissection. The final pathology report disclosed a moderately differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma (diameter, 2.5 cm). The margins were negative. None of the three sentinel lymph nodes contained metastatic carcinoma. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the tumor was positive for estrogen receptor expression (90%) and for progesterone receptor expression (40%) and had a Ki-67 score of 20%. There was no amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/ neu gene. Staging scans were negative for metastatic disease. A genomic assay was obtained and suggested an intermediate to high risk of recurrence. Her past medical history was notable for hypertension and moderately overweight status (body mass index, 39 kg/m2). Our multidisciplinary tumor board recommended adjuvant chemotherapy, postsurgical radiation therapy, and endocrine therapy.
Inflation Expectations, Learning, and Supermarket Prices: Evidence from Survey Experiments
Authors: Cavallo Alberto , Cruces Guillermo , Perez-Truglia Ricardo
Published: June 2017

Information frictions play a central role in the formation of household inflation expectations, but there is no consensus about their origins. We address this question with novel evidence from survey experiments. We document two main findings. First, individuals in low inflation contexts have significantly weaker priors about the inflation rate. This finding suggests that rational inattention may be an important source of information frictions. Second, cognitive limitations also appear to be a source of information frictions: even when information about inflation statistics is available, individuals still place a significant weight on inaccurate sources of information, such as their memories of the price changes of the supermarket products they purchase. We discuss the implications of these findings for macroeconomic models and policymaking. (JEL D83, D84, E31, L11, L81, O11)
From Schedonorus and Micropyropsis to Lolium (Poaceae: Loliinae): New combinations and typifications
Authors: Banfi Enrico , Galasso Gabriele , Foggi Bruno , Kopecký David , Ardenghi Nicola M.G.
Published: June 2017

Twenty‐three new combinations (Lolium adzharicum, L. ×aschersonianum, L. atlantigenum, L. ×brinkmannii, L. chayuense, L. ×czarnohorense, L. duratum, L. ×elongatum, L. ×fleischeri, L. font‐queri, L. formosanum, L. ×holmbergii, L. interruptum, L. interruptum subsp. corsicum, L. ×krasanii, L. liangshanicum, L. mairei, L. letourneuxianum, L. mediterraneum, L. pluriflorum, L. ×schlickumii, L. ×subnutans, L. tuberosum) and one new name (L. scabriflorum) are proposed, fulfilling the relocation of the currently accepted Schedonorus and Micropyropsis taxa (including hybrids) under Lolium, along with three new combinations regarding natural intergeneric hybrids between Lolium and Festuca s.str., i.e. ×Festulolium (×F. hercynicum, ×F. pseudofallax, ×F. wippraense). A new epitype for Festuca arundinacea is selected, while the names F. adscendens, F. ×aschersoniana, F. ×brinkmannii, F. elongata, F. ×gigas, F. ×haussknechtii, F. ×haussknechtii f. debilis, f. diffusior, and f. strictior, F. ×holmbergii, and F. pooides are lectotypified.
Nomenclatural notes on species of Asian Vitaceae
Authors: Trias-Blasi Anna , Parnell John A.N. , Watson Mark F.
Published: June 2017

Lectotypifications, neotypifications, epitypifications, and nomenclatural corrections are provided for fifty‐eight Asian Vitaceae names (excluding those belonging to Tetrastigma) for the forthcoming floristic account in the Flora of Thailand. A total of fifty‐four lectotypes, three neotypes, and one epitype are designated here and two nomenclatural clarifications and corrections are also proposed.
Uma Abordagem Fuzzy para o estudo do Presenteísmo
Authors: Lopes Kelly Marques de Oliveira , Garrido Giovanna , Mendonça Adriana Vazzoler , Silveira Marco Antonio
Published: June 2017

Este estudo tem como tema central um dos principais problemas relacionados ao capital humano: o Presenteísmo. Fundamentando-se na construção de um mapa sistêmico, que inclui as principais variáveis que circundam o construto, o objetivo do estudo é apresentar um modelo matemático Fuzzy para mensurar as relações entre elas e automatizar tal representação sistêmica. Para tanto, utiliza-se técnica de análise e julgamento para a tomada de decisão, gerando uma leitura quantitativa para as variáveis qualitativas representadas no mapa sistêmico. Justifica-se tal proposta pelo fato de que, por meio dela, torna-se possível a compreensão e a mensuração das relações causais e das influências recíprocas, direta ou inversamente proporcionais, entre as variáveis de interesse, oferecendo subsídios para decisões e servindo de orientação para as estratégias de amenização deste fenômeno que ameaça a sustentabilidade organizacional.
ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНО-ТИПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ СТРЕССОУСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ЛИЧНОСТИ
Authors: Akimova Anzhelika Rinatovna
Published: June 2017

Статья посвящена проблеме изучения стрессоустойчивости личности с учетом индивидуальной ориентации и стилями саморегуляции поведения во временной перспективе. На примере медлительных, точных и спешащих типов определены индивидуально-типологические особенности стрессоустойчивости личности, установлены статистически значимые различия. Особенности медлительных типов личности отличаются высоким уровнем стрессоустойчивости, низким уровнем компетентности во времени, преобладанием саморегуляции поведения по типу «Моделирование», доминированием показателей психологической защиты «Вытеснение». Особенности точных типов личности определяются средним уровнем стрессоустойчивости, высоким уровнем компетентности во времени, дефицитом времени по признаку «Постановка целей» в долговременной перспективе, низкой выраженностью психологических защит. Особенности спешащих типов личности отличаются средним уровнем стрессоустойчивости и компетентности во времени, преобладанием психологических защит «Проекция», «Гиперкомпенсация», «Рационализация», «Отрицание», «Замещение», доминированием копинг-стратегии «Принятие ответственности». В результате корреляционного анализа обнаружена высокая степень тесноты и множественность взаимосвязей между уровнем стрессоустойчивости и отдельными механизмами психологических защит, копинг-стратегий и активной саморегуляции поведения в группе медлительных типов, минимальное количество согласованных изменений изучаемых признаков в группе точных типов и отсутствие упомянутых взаимосвязей в группе спешащих типов. Полученные данные подтверждают гипотезу о динамической модели взаимодействия стрессоустойчивости и персональных характеристик восприятия времени индивида. Материалы и выводы, изложенные в статье, могут помочь спрогнозировать личностную уязвимость к стрессорам и повысить психологическую устойчивость в стрессовых ситуациях в зависимости от типа ориентации личности во временной перспективе.
ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ АУТОАГРЕССИВНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ У СТУДЕНТОВ МЕДИЦИСНКОГО ВУЗА
Authors: Sergeeva Marina Anatolyevna , Smakhtina Tatyana Aleksandrovna , Shagina Inna Rudolfovna , Kubekova Aliya Salavatovna
Published: June 2017

Цель. Статья посвящена исследованию психологических особенностей аутоагрессивного поведения у студентов медицинского ВУЗа, а так же разработке методических рекомендаций для психопрофилактических и психокоррекционных мер, предупреждающих возникновение у студентов аутоагрессивного поведения.Метод и методология проведения работы. Для оценки исследования психологических особенностей аутоагрессивного поведения у студентов мы использовали комплекс психодиагностических средств, включающий методику акцентуаций характера К. Леонгарда, методику по выявлению агрессивности и враждебности А. Басса и А. Дарки, методика дифференциальной диагностики депрессивных состояний В. Зунга. В работе были использованы математико-статистические методы обработки данных, включающий U-критерий Манна-Уитни. Обработка данных производилась с использованием компьютерной программы Statistica Standart Version 20.0.Результаты. Были обследованы следующие группы студентов: группа студентов, совершивших аутоагрессивные попытки и студенты без признаков аутоагрессии. Был проведен сравнительный анализ между двумя группами по всем параметрам использованных психодиагностических методик и были зафиксированы статистически значимые различия между этими группами. Были разработаны и предложены средства и методы по поддержанию необходимого уровня психологической устойчивости молодых людей, что дополнит содержание психологической работы с ними в учебных и медико-социальных учреждениях и позволит усилить систему первичной психопрофилактики, которая ориентирована на уменьшение тенденций к проявлению аутоагрессивного поведения.Область применения результатов. Результаты могут применяться в дальнейших исследованиях по данной теме, так же результаты исследования могут быть использованы в лекционной и психопрофилактической работе в образовательных учреждениях.
Algebra and Geometry
Authors: Шуман  , Shuman Galina , Волгина  , Volgina Ol'ga , Голодная  , Golodnaya Natal'ya
Published: June 2017

In this tutorial for each topic the theoretical part of the course of algebra and geometry, which deals with the basic concepts and formulas of the solution of standard tasks. Contains a large number of tasks for independent work of students, examinations and individual homework. For undergraduate students studying in areas of training, studying this section.
Diurnal, seasonal, annual, and semi-annual variations of ionospheric parameters at different latitudes in East Asian sector during ascending phase of solar activity
Authors: Ван Чжэн , Wang Zheng , Ши Цзянькуй , Shi Jiankui , Ван Гоцзюнь , Wang Guojun , Ван Сяо , Wang Xiao , Жеребцов Гелий , Zherebtsov Geliy , Романова Елена , Romanova Elena , Ратовский Константин , Ratovsky Konstantin , Полех Неля , Polekh Nelya
Published: June 2017

We analyzed ionospheric parameters including the critical frequency of the F2 layer (foF2), the peak height of the F2 layer (hmF2), and the scale height at hmF2 (HT) from 2006 to 2012 (ascending phase of solar activity) at Hainan (19.5° N, 109.1° E, MLat. 9.7° N), Irkutsk (52.4° N, 104.3° E, MLat. 42.5° N), and Norilsk (69.2° N, 88.0° E, MLat. 59.8° N) stations (low, middle and high latitudes). We have used manual scaled digisonde ionogram data. Studies of foF2 and hmF2 di-urnal-seasonal variations continue those made earlier for East Asia. Features peculiar for the ascending phase of solar activity are mostly consistent to those for de-scending phase, except for the features of sunset and nighttime hmF2 variations. Features of annual and semi-annual variations recorded by a digisonde agree with those obtained by a satellite occultation and TEC map. We also obtained seasonal, diurnal, annual, and semi-annual variations of the ionospheric parameter HT (scale height at hmF2) from digisonde data, which differ from foF2 variations and hmF2 features.
Distribution of tensor anisotropy of cosmic rays near the neutral current sheet
Authors: Гололобов Петр , Gololobov Peter , Кривошапкин Прокопий , Krivoshapkin Prokopy , Крымский Гермоген , Krymsky Germogen , Григорьев Владислав , Grigoryev Vladislav , Герасимова Сардаана , Gerasimova Sardaana
Published: June 2017

We analyze time profiles of isotropic intensity, components of vector and tensor anisotropies of cos-mic rays (CR) when Earth crosses the neutral sheet of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) in solar activity cycles 23–24. The moments of the crossings are de-termined from Wilcox Observatory synoptic charts and IMF data. Periods of Forbush decreases and ground level enhancements are excluded from the analysis. The events are analyzed for the epochs of positive and negative signs of the Sun’s general magnetic field. During each epoch, the crossings from the positive sector to the negative one and vice versa are separated. In total, 213 crossing events have been selected. The first two spherical harmonics of the angular CR-distribution are obtained using the global survey method. In each case, the average number of stations is equal to 32. The analysis shows that the temporal change of the isotropic component is caused by a magnetic mirror. For the first time, the zonal harmonics are reliably distinguished, and the existence of the antisymmetric diurnal CR-variation in a low energy range, which is oriented along IMF, is recognized. We compare our results with those obtained earlier.
The Nuclear Family Functioning Scale (NFFS): Polish adaptation of the American model and analysis of its psychometric properties
Authors: Józefczyk Anna
Published: June 2017

Aim of the study

The aim of the study was to develop and validate the Polish version of the Family Genogram Interview (FGI), an instrument designed to measure emotional processess conceptualized by Bowen family systems theory.

Subject or material and methods

A total of 300 married women with at least one child aged 4 to 10 years completed a survey test battery comprised of NFFS, GHQ-28, DAS, DSI-R and PAS.

Results

The results indicated that the NFFS has good psychometric properties. The four-factor structure of the NFFS, validated using first exploratory, then confirmatory factor analysis, was replicated. We confirmed its satisfactory internal consistency and construct validity as well.

Discussion

NFFS consists of 30 items examining the emotional processes in the nuclear family. Statistical and theoretical analyses led to a four-factor model with the following scales: Symptoms in a Spouse, Marital Conflict, Focus on a Child and Emotional Cutoff.

Conclusions

Our findings confirm that the NFFS in a reliable and valid instrument which can be applied both in clinical practice and in research.
The role of antimicrobial sutures in preventing surgical site infection
Authors: Leaper D , Wilson P , Assadian O , Edmiston C , Kiernan M , Miller A , Bond-Smith G , Yap J
Published: June 2017

INTRODUCTION

Healthcare associated infections (HCAIs) are falling following widespread and enforced introduction of guidelines, particularly those that have addressed antibiotic resistant pathogens such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus or emergent pathogens such as Clostridium difficile, but no such decline has been seen in the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI), either in the UK, the EU or the US. SSI is one of the HCAIs, which are all avoidable complications of a surgical patient’s pathway through both nosocomial and community care.

METHODS

This report is based on a meeting held at The Royal College of Surgeons of England on 21 July 2016. Using PubMed, members of the panel reviewed the current use of antiseptics and antimicrobial sutures in their specialties to prevent SSI.

FINDINGS

The group agreed that wider use of antiseptics in surgical practice may help in reducing reliance on antibiotics in infection prevention and control, especially in the perioperative period of open elective colorectal, hepatobiliary and cardiac operative procedures. The wider use of antiseptics includes preoperative showering, promotion of hand hygiene, (including the appropriate use of surgical gloves), preoperative skin preparation (including management of hair removal), antimicrobial sutures and the management of dehisced surgical wounds after infection. The meeting placed emphasis on the level I evidence that supports the use of antimicrobial sutures, particularly in surgical procedures after which the SSI rate is high (colorectal and hepatobiliary surgery) or when a SSI can be life threatening even when the rate of SSI is low (cardiac surgery).
Major haemorrhage requiring transarterial embolisation following open biopsy of an unusual neck mass
Authors: Walsh M , Supriya M , Railton N
Published: June 2017

A 65-year-old man presented with a right supraclavicular neck mass and right arm pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 96mm lesion in the upper thoracic paraspinal region extending into the deep supraclavicular fossa. The presentation was consistent with a sarcoma or lymphoma but fine needle aspiration was inconclusive. During open biopsy of the lesion, the patient had a rapid intraoperative haemorrhage of 1l from the tumour. Haemostasis could only be achieved by transarterial embolisation of the feeding vessel and the biopsy result confirmed Ewing’s sarcoma. Open biopsy is considered the gold standard in the diagnosis of certain tumour types; however, the morbidity from haemorrhage must be considered. This case highlights the key role that transarterial embolisation can play in achieving haemostasis in the neck.
Systemic air embolism as a complication of percutaneous computed tomography guided transthoracic lung biopsy
Authors: Ialongo P , Ciarpaglini L , Tinti MD , Suadoni MN , Cardillo G
Published: June 2017

A 57-year-old man underwent prone position computed tomography (CT) guided percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy. After removal of the 18-gauge biopsy needle, the patient lost consciousness and developed shock. CT showed signs of air embolism in descending aorta and left atrium. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was unsuccessful. A postmortem CT scan confirmed a massive air embolism in the descending aorta, left ventricle and brain. Systemic air embolism occurs in around 0.001–0.003% of lung biopsy procedures. Recommendations to reduce the risk include requesting the patient to stop breathing during the procedure and preventing the exposure of the outer cannula of a coaxial biopsy needle to the atmosphere.
Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma at surgical incision site: case series and review of literature
Authors: Barrett M , Nathan H , Vankayala H , Bieliauskas SL , Viglianti BL , Frankel TL
Published: June 2017

First reported two decades ago, isolated incisional recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma is an extremely rare clinical entity. We present two cases of recurrence: one recurring over 10 years after initial resection, and the second presenting with a port site recurrence 3.5 years following laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation. Clinical case presentation, including radiographical, pathological, laboratory and intraoperative images are reported, together with a review of the current literature surrounding this uncommon hepatocellular carcinoma presentation.
Perianal rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma
Authors: Sampat K , Cheesman E , Siminas S
Published: June 2017

A rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma (RMH) is a rare benign soft tissue tumour found in the face and neck region of children. A three-month-old male infant was referred to our unit with a polypoid anal lesion that had been present from birth. Histopathological examination of the excised sample showed haphazard arrangement of mature striated skeletal muscle in among nerves and blood vessels, and immunohistochemistry confirmed the lesion to be a RMH. There was no evidence of recurrence during the follow-up period. This case emphasises two points: the unique histological characteristics associated with RMH and how this allows distinction from other differential diagnoses, and the consideration of RMH as a diagnosis in perianal lesions.
Everyday stories of impact: interpreting knowledge exchange in the contemporary university
Authors: Matthews Peter , Rutherfoord Robert , Connelly Steve , Richardson Liz , Durose Catherine , Vanderhoven Dave
Published: June 2017

Research into the barriers of getting evidence produced by academics into policymaking processes has often highlighted the lack of research on academics and what they do, as compared to what policymakers do. This was most recently highlighted in a systematic review of the literature (Oliver et al, 2014). This paper reports on research carried out with academics who were tasked with producing evidence reviews for the UK Department for Communities and Local Government based on research funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council. Using a novel co-produced methodology the academics were interviewed by an academic and a UK civil servant, with the analysis carried out by both. Using an interpretive approach, the findings identify specific meaning-making stories or practices that were enablers or barriers to producing evidence suitable for policymakers. The paper identifies three areas that affect academic behaviour at the nexus with policymaking: career biographies; disciplinary background; and the contradictory institutional pressures on academics. We conclude by arguing for a more collaborative approach between academics and policymakers. The co-produced approach also allowed us to identify the need for policymakers and civil servants to learn more about the different drivers of academics and the ways in which they work.
Revising social inclusion to take account of care
Authors: Hill Trish , Thomson Cathy
Published: June 2017

Social inclusion is a contested concept that identifies the basis for social membership and valued activities in any society. Within social inclusion assessments, care is often overlooked or perceived to be a risk factor for exclusion and a barrier to inclusion. Drawing on ideas from care theories, we argue that social inclusion needs revising to take account of care. While the idea of social inclusion can underscore the structures, mechanisms and practices that underpin socially generated care inequalities, revisions are necessary to incorporate insights from care theories and to provide an adequate assessment of carers’ social inclusion.
Transmigrant impacted mandibular canine: a case report
Authors: Fortuna Tila , Rebouças Deyvid da Silva , Costa Neto Wilton , Cerqueira Lucas Souza , Zerbinati Lívia Prates Soares , Freitas de Assis Adriano
Published: June 2017

Transmigration of canines across mandibular midline is a rare and elusive phenomenon described in the dental literature. Etiology of this phenomenon is obscure, but in some cases supernumerary teeth may be one of the causes. Surgical extraction is indicated due to pathologic lesions, infection, trauma to the adjacent teeth, pain, ectopic eruption, and interference with prosthesis. The aim of this case report is to describe the treatment of transmigrant impacted mandibular canine near to the mandibular symphysis and to review the literature about its incidence, prevalence, and treatment options. In the anterior mandible, labial access was performed followed by osteotomy and odontosection, for tooth removal. Canine impaction is more prevalent in the maxilla than in the mandible, but canine transmigration is more frequent in the mandible. Females seem to be more affected than males, and the left side is more prevalent than the right. Although the literature is controversial about treatment protocol for transmigrant teeth, several authors indicate its extraction to prevent lesions that are associated with impacted teeth, especially when orthodontic traction is contraindicated due to the position of those teeth.
Influence of simulated pulpal pressure on the variation of intrapulpal temperature during adhesive system light-curing
Authors: Da Silva Tânia Mara , Gonçalves Lucelia Lemes , Siqueira Erika Priscila , Pereira Tatiana Cursino , Pontes Solimar de Oliveira , Grecca Amanda Reis , Lopes Stephanie Ribeiro , De Paiva Gonçalves Sergio Eduardo
Published: June 2017

Objective: To evaluate the effects of simulated pulpal pressure (SPP) on the variation of intrapulpal temperature (DT) during light-curing of the adhesive system. Material e methods: One hundred sound human molars were sectioned from the highest pulp horn to obtain a 2-mm of thickness dentin. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups: (n=50), according to the presence or absence of SPP (15 cm H2O). The specimens were sequentially treated as follows: 37% phosphoric acid (Scotchbond Universal; 3M/ESPE), adhesive system (Scotchbond Universal/3M ESPE) and light-curing (10 seconds). DT was evaluated during adhesive light-curing with a K-type thermometer put inside the pulp chamber. Data were analysed by using Mann-Whitney’s test (at 5%). Results: According to Mann-Whitney’s test, the absence group presented a DT of 2°C, whereas the presence group 1°C. The mean values of DT were 0.82±0.56°C for the presence group and 2.30±0.73°C for the absence group. Conclusions: Simulated pulpal pressure significantly reduced the temperature rise in the pulp chamber during light-curing of the adhesive system, showing the importance of inserting this protocol of simulated pulpal pressure in the laboratory procedures. Keywords: Dentin; Light-curing; Pulpal pressure; Temperature.