bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Don't You Forget About Me: The Importance of Studying the Brain Basis of Real-world Interpersonal Memory
Authors: Meyer Meghan L.
Published: October 2022

Despite the fact that humans are a highly social species, we know relatively little about how people remember the rich interpersonal information filling their social lives. This gap is surprising: One function of memory has been suggested to be relationship maintenance [Neisser, U. Time present and time past. Practical Aspects of Memory: Current Research and Issues, 2, 545–560, 1988]. A major barrier to understanding the brain basis of interpersonal memory is that traditional brain imaging methods are not ideally suited to study memory for the nuanced interpersonal experiences comprising our social lives. Yet, recent and rapidly developing advances in the analysis of brain responses to naturalistic social information can help researchers surpass this methodological barrier. This perspective piece articulates the importance of studying the brain basis of real-world social memories and suggests new directions in interpersonal memory research. This includes investigating the brain mechanisms that represent the content and structure of real-world interpersonal memories as well as how they are altered in mental health conditions associated with social memory biases.
10 Simple Rules for a Supportive Lab Environment
Authors: Pike Alexandra C. , Atherton Kathryn E. , Bauer Yannik , Crittenden Ben M. , van Ede Freek , Hall-McMaster Sam , von Lautz Alexander H. , Muhle-Karbe Paul S. , Murray Alexandra M. , Myers Nicholas E. , Printzlau Frida , Salaris Ilenia , Spaak Eelke , Tankelevitch Lev , Trübutschek Darinka , Wasmuht Dante , Noonan MaryAnn P.
Published: October 2022

The transition to principal investigator (PI), or lab leader, can be challenging, partially due to the need to fulfil new managerial and leadership responsibilities. One key aspect of this role, which is often not explicitly discussed, is creating a supportive lab environment. Here, we present ten simple rules to guide the new PI in the development of their own positive and thriving lab atmosphere. These rules were written and voted on collaboratively, by the students and mentees of Professor Mark Stokes, who inspired this piece.
Quiet Trajectories as Neural Building Blocks
Authors: Manohar Sanjay
Published: October 2022

Our concept of the neural mechanisms of working memory has recently undergone an upheaval, because of two transformative concepts: multivariate neural state trajectories and the activity-silent hypothesis. I will argue that putting these concepts together raises the difficult problem of “quiet trajectories,” where future neural activity is not fully determined by current activity. However, this also promises new building blocks for neural computation.
Modular Brain, Entangled Argument
Authors: Krakauer John W.
Published: October 2022

It has become a truism that the brain is a complex structure. One idea associated with complex systems is that of emergence, which is often characterized as the occurrence of a novel collective property that results from the interactions of individual parts, each of which alone do not have that property. Pessoa in his book argues, plausibly, that given that cognition is the most complex thing the brain does then it will need a new emergence-inflected science to understand it. His subsequent argument, however, does not follow, namely that this will take the form of distributed networks with identity-switching nodes that morph pluripotently from one computation to another. This is not true for whole organisms, which became more complex through compartmentalization and specialization. The brain did the same with hierarchically organized specialized areas.
Post-encoding Reactivation Is Related to Learning of Episodes in Humans
Authors: Wu Xiongbo , Viñals Xavier , Ben-Yakov Aya , Staresina Bernhard P. , Fuentemilla Lluís
Published: October 2022

Prior animal and human studies have shown that post-encoding reinstatement plays an important role in organizing the temporal sequence of unfolding episodes in memory. Here, we investigated whether post-encoding reinstatement serves to promote the encoding of “one-shot” episodic learning beyond the temporal structure in humans. In Experiment 1, participants encoded sequences of pictures depicting unique and meaningful episodic-like events. We used representational similarity analysis on scalp EEG recordings during encoding and found evidence of rapid picture-elicited EEG pattern reinstatement at episodic offset (around 500 msec post-episode). Memory reinstatement was not observed between successive elements within an episode, and the degree of memory reinstatement at episodic offset predicted later recall for that episode. In Experiment 2, participants encoded a shuffled version of the picture sequences from Experiment 1, rendering each episode meaningless to the participant but temporally structured as in Experiment 1, and we found no evidence of memory reinstatement at episodic offset. These results suggest that post-encoding memory reinstatement is akin to the rapid formation of unique and meaningful episodes that unfold over time.
Seeing an Auditory Object: Pupillary Light Response Reflects Covert Attention to Auditory Space and Object
Authors: Liao Hsin-I , Fujihira Haruna , Yamagishi Shimpei , Yang Yung-Hao , Furukawa Shigeto
Published: October 2022

Attention to the relevant object and space is the brain's strategy to effectively process the information of interest in complex environments with limited neural resources. Numerous studies have documented how attention is allocated in the visual domain, whereas the nature of attention in the auditory domain has been much less explored. Here, we show that the pupillary light response can serve as a physiological index of auditory attentional shift and can be used to probe the relationship between space-based and object-based attention as well. Experiments demonstrated that the pupillary response corresponds to the luminance condition where the attended auditory object (e.g., spoken sentence) was located, regardless of whether attention was directed by a spatial (left or right) or nonspatial (e.g., the gender of the talker) cue and regardless of whether the sound was presented via headphones or loudspeakers. These effects on the pupillary light response could not be accounted for as a consequence of small (although observable) biases in gaze position drifting. The overall results imply a unified audiovisual representation of spatial attention. Auditory object-based attention contains the space representation of the attended auditory object, even when the object is oriented without explicit spatial guidance.
There Is More Evidence of Rhythmic Attention than Can Be Found in Behavioral Studies: Perspective on Brookshire,
Authors: Fiebelkorn Ian C.
Published: October 2022

Recent research indicates periodicity in attention-related sampling and switching, with some of the initial findings coming from behavioral studies. Brookshire [Brookshire, G. Putative rhythms in attentional switching can be explained by aperiodic temporal structure. Nature Human Behaviour, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01364-0], points out that widely used approaches to testing for rhythms in behavioral times series can misclassify consistent aperiodic patterns in temporal structure as periodic patterns. Evidence for rhythmic attention, however, is not limited to behavioral data. Here, I briefly discuss (i) issues with differentiating periodic and aperiodic structure in both behavioral and neural time series, (ii) findings from neural data that are consistent with rhythmic sampling and switching during attentional deployment, and (iii) whether alternative approaches to establishing periodicity in behavioral time series, recommended by Brookshire are appropriate for this particular research topic.
Community participatory action to build a canopy bridge for wild black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) in northern Argentina
Authors: Raño Mariana , Palazzo Mariana C. , Soliz Alicia , Holzer Juan C. , Perez Dario A. , Sánchez Emilio M. , Romero Verónica L. , Sánchez Gavier Francisco , Kowalewski Martin M.
Published: October 2022

The combination of urbanization and destruction of native forests commonly has forced wild animals to search for food and shelter in urban areas. Groups of black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) are moving into urban areas in Northern Argentina as a consequence of rapid alteration and degradation of their habitats. In general, local people in the area are unaware of and disconnected from conservation actions, such as the protection of local biodiversity. We aimed to address this issue by organizing a group of high school students from both the city of Corrientes and outlying rural areas with the objective of transforming their perceptions on local non-human primates and to build the inaugural canopy bridge to instill biodiversity appreciation. With the students, we identified a location to install a bridge to facilitate the movement of Alouatta caraya across areas of discontinuous canopy. The students worked to build awareness within their community, obtained the necessary permission, and designed the bridge. From the beginning of the awareness campaign to the bridge installation, the process took four years. Afterwards, we installed two more bridges in the same region. From this single case study, we learned that participatory actions are a very important tool for residents of local communities to act collectively to promote biodiversity conservation.
China in the UK’s Foreign Policy
Authors: Nick Pay Vahid , Buszta Piotr
Published: October 2022

In the post-Brexit environment, at a time when the United Kingdom is looking to redefine its international positioning under the ‘Global Britain’ policy, one of the most urgent priorities for London proves to be to restructure its relations with key global players like China. The objective of this study is to examine factors influencing the development of London’s policy towards Beijing in the period 2015–2022 and to verify whether the growing salience of a progressive liberal posture in the UK’s foreign policy vis-à-vis China could account for the deterioration of bilateral relations that has been experienced. The research attempts to investigate whether the UK’s initial modus vivendi liberal economic engagement with China gave way to a renewed emphasis on progressive liberal internationalist convictions manifested by the UK’s firm stance on Chinese investments in British critical infrastructure and by an amplified criticism of China’s repressive domestic record and aggressive global posture.
Judicial Cooperation as Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Transnational Dispute Settlement Order
Authors: Yaacoub Salim , Shang Carrie (Shu)
Published: October 2022

Traditional socio-legal works showed that authoritarian regimes benefit from embracing international arbitration, obviating any foreign investor’s distrust of non-independent and non-democratic courts. This article explores judicial cooperation by analysing the methods of dispute settlement adopted between China and the Arab Middle Eastern States involved in the BRI. After reviewing the background of China’s legal involvement in the Middle East, China’s involvement with various transnational dispute resolution institutions in the Middle East is discussed, and special consideration is given to legal disputes in Kuwait, UAE, and Egypt. Finally, this article argues that rule of law legitimacy, social and cultural inertia, and governance cost-effectiveness all influence the resulting transnational dispute settlement scheme.
What Is Hellenistic Judaism?
Authors: Collins John J.
Published: October 2022

Martin Hengel argued effectively that all Judaism in the Hellenistic period was Hellenistic Judaism, but Judaism in the land of Israel remained very different from its counterpart in the Diaspora. Recent study of globalization and “glocalization” has shown that local cultures are not obliterated by globalization but react to it in various ways. There is also a new and growing appreciation of the differences between the Seleucid and Ptolemaic empires. The category of Hellenism, understood as the ways of thinking of all the peoples subjected to Greek influence, remains useful, but it must be understood to embrace considerable local diversity, and not limited to the use of the Greek language.
HIV and Access to Private Insurance in Spain
Authors: Ramiro Avilés Miguel Ángel , del Val Bolívar Oñoro María
Published: October 2022

In 2018, the Spanish Insurance Contract Act was amended to guarantee that people living with HIV could access to private insurance, such as, health, life, and burial insurances. The number of inquiries received at the HIV Legal Clinic of the University of Alcalá from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021 shows that the legal reform is not being effective because insurance companies continue to practice a class exclusion towards people living with HIV, who are ‘persons with disabilities’ according to the social model of the UN Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
More on ablaut patterns in the ḫi-conjugation
Authors: Melchert H. Craig
Published: October 2022

Evidence from Palaic shows that contrary to some claims Hittite nasal presents such as šunna- and tarna- do not reflect original PIE ḫi-inflection. This paper presents a new account of how they come to inflect as ḫi-verbs in attested Hittite. It also shows that the so-called class of “ḫi-verbs in -i-” reflects in part presents with a suffix *-ói/-i- (Kloekhorst 2006 & 2008), but in part modified acrostatic presents with *o/zero root ablaut. The lexicalized participle LÚ pitteant- ‘fugitive’ preserves a trace of the original acrostatic paradigm with *o/e root ablaut. Reasons are also given for why this class appears in Nuclear Indo-European as *ye/o- presents with either *e- or zero-grade of the root.
Paul Janet and Changes in the Apparent Speed of Passage of Time with Aging
Authors: Wearden John H.
Published: October 2022

This article presents a translation into English of most of a publication by the French philosopher Paul Janet, which appeared in 1877 (Janet, P.,1877. Une illusion d’optique interne. Revue Philosophique de la France et de l’Étranger, 3, 497–502). Here, it is proposed that the rate of passage of subjective time is proportional to the age of the person making the judgement. Janet further proposes that this proportionality will be most marked when judging time intervals remote from the present, such as past years or decades. He also suggests that the ‘acceleration’ of apparent passage of time with age can appear to reverse when old people consider the length of time that they believe to be left in their lives. A short commentary discusses how results from modern research on apparent passage of time and age can be linked to Janet’s proposal.
Girls’ Responsibilities, Boys’ Needs: Sexual Health, Gender and Youth in Sweden 1970–1999
Authors: Larsson Anna-Karin L.
Published: October 2022

The present study explores medical views on sexual health, gender and youth in Sweden from 1970 to 1999. In terms of gender-based roles, the responsibility for sexual health at this time turned out to be closely linked to girls. First, there was a clear perception that girls should take responsibility for their own and the couple’s sexual health, manifested in counselling, contraception and the understanding of risk-taking. Secondly, there was an underlying notion that boys had greater sexual needs than girls. Boys were seen as irresponsible and uninterested in counselling and decisions on contraception. Medical experts hardly mentioned joint responsibility for sexual health and contraception before the 1990s. In addition, there was a widespread perception that it was the risk-taking of some girls that increased exposure to sexual ill-health. They presented girls who did not adhere to the female responsibility norm as problematic. The study also showed a solid heteronormative view of young people’s sexual health.
Data-Driven Transition Path Analysis Yields a Statistical Understanding of Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events in an Idealized Model
Authors: Finkel Justin , Webber Robert J. , Gerber Edwin P. , Abbot Dorian S. , Weare Jonathan
Published: October 2022

Atmospheric regime transitions are highly impactful as drivers of extreme weather events, but pose two formidable modeling challenges: predicting the next event (weather forecasting) and characterizing the statistics of events of a given severity (the risk climatology). Each event has a different duration and spatial structure, making it hard to define an objective “average event.” We argue here that transition path theory (TPT), a stochastic process framework, is an appropriate tool for the task. We demonstrate TPT’s capacities on a wave–mean flow model of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) developed by Holton and Mass, which is idealized enough for transparent TPT analysis but complex enough to demonstrate computational scalability. Whereas a recent article (Finkel et al. 2021) studied near-term SSW predictability, the present article uses TPT to link predictability to long-term SSW frequency. This requires not only forecasting forward in time from an initial condition, but also backward in time to assess the probability of the initial conditions themselves. TPT enables one to condition the dynamics on the regime transition occurring, and thus visualize its physical drivers with a vector field called the reactive current. The reactive current shows that before an SSW, dissipation and stochastic forcing drive a slow decay of vortex strength at lower altitudes. The response of upper-level winds is late and sudden, occurring only after the transition is almost complete from a probabilistic point of view. This case study demonstrates that TPT quantities, visualized in a space of physically meaningful variables, can help one understand the dynamics of regime transitions.
Removing Biases in Oceanic Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation Rate Estimated from Microstructure Shear Data
Authors: Ferron Bruno , Aubertot P. Bouruet , Cuypers Y. , Vic C.
Published: October 2022

To calculate a turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate from the microstructure vertical shear of the horizontal velocity via a spectral analysis, shear spectra need first to be cleaned from vibrations of the moving vehicle. Unambiguously, this study shows that the spectral cleaning must be applied all over the frequency range and not only at frequencies larger than 10 Hz, as a recent study suggested. For a Vertical Microstructure Profiler (VMP-6000), not correcting for vehicle vibrations below 10 Hz leads to overestimated dissipation rates from 50% to 700% for usual downcast velocities and for weak dissipation rates (ε < 1 × 10−9 W kg−1). Vibrations concern all vehicles, but the exact vibrational frequency signature depends on the vehicle shape and its downcast velocity. In any case, a spectral cleaning over the whole frequency range is strongly advised. This study also reports on a systematic low bias of inferred dissipation rates induced by the spectral cleaning when too few degrees of freedom are available for the cleaning, which is usually the default of the standard processing. Whatever the dissipation rate level, not correcting for the bias leads to underestimated dissipation rates by a factor 1.4–2.7 (with usual parameters), the exact amplitude of the bias depending on the number of degrees of freedom and on the number of independent accelerometer axes used for the cleaning. It is strongly advised that such a bias be taken into account to recompute dissipation rates of past datasets and for future observations.
An Improved Instability–Shear Hail Proxy for Australia
Authors: Raupach Timothy H. , Soderholm Joshua , Protat Alain , Sherwood Steven C.
Published: October 2022

We evaluated the performance in Australia of proxies designed to identify atmospheric conditions prone to hail and severe storms. In a convection-resolving but short-duration simulation, proxies that use instability and wind shear thresholds overestimated the probability of hail occurring when compared to the estimated occurrence of surface graupel in the model, particularly in Australia’s tropical north. We used reanalysis data and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology severe storm archive to examine atmospheric conditions at times and locations when hailstorms, other storms, and no storms were reported between January 1979 and March 2021. In instability–shear space, the best discriminator between hail and no-storm times was found to vary predictably with melting-level height, allowing a new proxy to better represent latitudinal trends in atmospheric conditions. We found extra conditions that can be applied to the new proxy to efficiently reduce the number of false alarms. The new proxy outperforms the tested existing proxies for detection of hail-prone conditions in Australia.

Significance Statement

Hail proxies take a description of the atmosphere, such as its temperature, moisture content, and wind properties at various heights, and determine the likelihood of hail forming and hitting the ground. It is a difficult task prone to uncertainty, but in many locations there are no direct observations of hail, and in these places information from proxies is valuable. Existing proxies have a tendency to overestimate the probability of hail falling in the north of Australia. In this study we developed an updated proxy that uses information about the atmosphere’s melting-level height to refine its hail predictions. The new proxy outperforms other tested proxies for hail in Australia. Accurate hail proxies are important for assessment of past and future changes to hail hazard and risk.
Beyond the Retractor: The Surgical Contributions of Enrique and Ricardo Finochietto
Authors: Kernahan Peter J.
Published: October 2022

The Finochietto thoracic retractor is a familiar instrument to most surgeons. The contributions to surgery of its inventor, Argentinean surgeon Enrique Finochietto and his brother, Ricardo Finochietto, extend far beyond a single instrument. This paper reviews their careers and legacy. Both brothers were part of an international network of elite surgeons. Their contributions are reflected in the number of instruments and eponyms associated with their name.
Effect of Serum C-Peptide Levels on the Development of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography
Authors: Toprak Kenan
Published: October 2022

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, in patients with diabetes who undergo coronary angiography (CAG). It is known that serum C-peptide has renoprotective effects in diabetic nephropathy. Patients with diabetes (n = 552) who underwent CAG in our center between January 2020 and December 2021 were included, retrospectively. The patients were divided into 2 groups: not-developing CIN (group 1) and developing CIN (group 2). CIN developed in 128 (23.1%) of the patients with diabetes who underwent CAG. C-peptide, albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, initial creatinine, ejection fraction (EF), were significantly lower in the group that developed CIN compared with the group that did not ( P < .05, for all). In correlation analysis, creatinine increase rate (ΔCr) was negatively correlated with C-peptide, hematocrit, and ejection fraction (r = −.241, P < .001; r = −.135, P < .001; r = −.194, P = .001; respectively). In logistic regression analysis, C-peptide level (Odds Ratio: .404, 95% Confidence Interval: .286-.571, P < .001) was an independent predictor of CIN. In the present study, C-peptide level was an independent predictor of CIN in patients with diabetes. This study suggests that low levels of C-peptide are associated with a greater risk of CIN.
Leaders’ responses to receipt of proactive helping: Integrating theories of approach–avoidance and challenge–hindrance
Authors: Lee Hun Whee , Chi Nai-Wen , Kim You Jin , Lee Hanho , Lin Szu-Han (Joanna) , Johnson Russell E
Published: October 2022

How do leaders lead in a complex environment? Leaders often rely on help from others. However, not all help is necessarily beneficial to leaders, especially when it is offered without being asked (i.e., proactive helping). Unfortunately, theory to date has failed to understand the consequences associated with leaders’ receipt of proactive helping at work. To address this shortcoming, we integrate theories of approach–avoidance and challenge–hindrance to unravel how leaders respond to receipt of proactive helping at work, which enabled us to capture both favorable and unfavorable responses to receipt of proactive helping. Our results demonstrated that leaders with higher levels of approach-oriented characteristics were likely to perceive the receipt of proactive helping as more challenging and less hindering. We further found that leaders’ challenge and hindrance appraisals prompt them to engage in transformational and laissez-faire leadership behaviors, respectively. Our work provides an answer to the question of why and under what conditions leaders’ receipt of proactive helping results in constructive leadership.
PVH-Peri5 Pathway for Stress-Coping Oromotor and Anxious Behaviors in Mice
Authors: Xiao F. , Hu A. , Meng B. , Zhang Y. , Han W. , Su J.
Published: October 2022

Stressful stimuli can activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Clinically, it has been widely reported that stressful events are often accompanied by teeth clenching and bruxism, while mastication (chewing) can promote coping with stress. Trigeminal motoneurons in the trigeminal motor nucleus supplying the chewing muscles receive direct inputs from interneurons within the peritrigeminal premotor area (Peri5). Previous studies found that the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) participates in trigeminal activities during stressful events. However, the neural pathway by which the stress-induced oral movements alleviate stress is largely unknown. We hypothesized that paraventricular-trigeminal circuits might be associated with the stress-induced chewing movements and anxiety levels. First, we observed the stress-coping effect of wood gnawing on stress-induced anxiety, with less anxiety-like behaviors seen in the open field test and elevated plus maze, as well as decreased corticosterone and blood glucose levels, in response to stress in mice. We then found that excitotoxic lesions of PVH reduced the effect of gnawing on stress, reflected in more anxiety-like behaviors; this emphasizes the importance of the PVH in stress responses. Anterograde, retrograde, transsynaptic, and nontranssynaptic tracing through central and peripheral injections confirmed monosynaptic projections from PVH to Peri5. We discovered that PVH receives proprioceptive sensory inputs from the jaw muscle and periodontal ligaments, as well as provides motor outputs via the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Me5) and Peri5. Next, pathway-specific functional manipulation by chemogenetic inhibition was conducted to further explore the role of PVH-Peri5 monosynaptic projections. Remarkably, PVH-Peri5 inhibition decreased gnawing but did not necessarily reduce stress-induced anxiety. Moreover, neuropeptide B (NPB) was expressed in Peri5-projecting PVH neurons, indicating that NPB signaling may mediate the effects of PVH-Peri5. In conclusion, our data revealed a PVH-Peri5 circuit that plays a role in the stress response via its associations with oromotor movements and relative anxiety-like behaviors.
Study on the Flow Trend of Particles in Shaft Coal Pocket of Coal Mine
Authors: Liu Mingyin , Wu Yongping , Wen Zhaocui
Published: October 2022

In order to obtain the flow trend of particles in the shaft coal pocket, Lay a foundation for the research on the stability of shaft coal pocket wall in coal mine. The flow trend of particles in the process both coal unloading and sand unloading is studied. The study methods are used by physical similarity simulation and numerical simulation experiment. The results show that the loose particles are divided into “three zones” in the longitudinal direction. As a whole, the particles in the shaft coal pocket is characterized by “two circles” which is the axis area and the bunker wall area. The better fluidity in the core, but the worse fluidity close to the bunker wall. The flow trend of the particles in the middle warehouse is as follows: the particles in the smooth passage in the central area flow out first. After flow out, the particles in this area will be filled by the particles in its upper area, then the outflow continues, the loose particles in the outer area of the middle flow out last. The particle flow trend in the natural flow area under the bearing structure is as follows: the loose particles in the funnel under the structure flow out according to the natural state. Due to the protection of its upper conical shell structure, the pressure of loose particles in this area are smaller than the upper area. which shown random natural outflow when coal outflow. The flow trend of bulk in the silo is basically consistent with the experimental results of numerical simulation.
Of Rice and Men: Rice Consumption-Based Estimates of Undocumented Persons in Malaysia
Authors: Nixon Stewart
Published: October 2022

Quantifying undocumented populations is a persistent challenge globally. A shortage of reliable estimates limits analysis of unauthorized migrations, effective policy responses, and measures to counter anecdote-fueled immigration debates. Malaysia exemplifies the struggles of geographically exposed and institutionally constrained countries attempting to manage undocumented migration through policies based on limited data and little evaluation. To provide time series data enabling migration policy analysis and to contribute an innovative methodological approach, this article estimated Malaysia's undocumented population since 1963 by modeling the relationship between rice consumption per capita and economic development. The modeled relationship, together with known rice consumption patterns, implies an undocumented population of 2.6–2.75 million in 1963 and 6.28–8.24 million in 2017. These findings suggest that existing unauthorized migration estimation methods produce significant undercounts and that Malaysia's hidden population is much larger than believed. They also demonstrate the potential for consumption-based methods to address undocumented population data gaps globally.
Predictive value of Gd-EOB-DTPA -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for post-hepatectomy liver failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ding Cong , Jia Jianye , Bai Genji , Zhou Wei , Shan Wenli
Published: October 2022

Background

Accurate preoperative diagnosis of post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is particularly important to improve the prognosis of patients.

Purpose

To evaluate the predictive value of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for post-hepatectomy liver failure.

Material and Methods

A systematic search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to find relevant original articles published up to December 2021. The included studies were assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. The bivariate random-effects model was used to assess the diagnostic authenticity. Meta-regression analyses were performed to analyze the potential heterogeneity.

Results

In total, 13 articles were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curves were 88% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.80–0.94), 80% (95% CI = 0.73–0.86), 4.4 (95% CI = 3.3–5.9), 0.14 (95% CI = 0.08–0.25), 31 (95% CI = 17–57), and 0.91 (95% CI = 0.89–0.94), respectively. There was no publication bias and threshold effect in our study.

Conclusion

Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI is a potentially useful for the prediction of PHLF after major hepatectomy.
Financialisation, central banks and ‘new’ state capitalism: The case of the US Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank and the Bank of England
Authors: Sokol Martin
Published: October 2022

Monetary policies are not usually considered as part of the repertoire of ‘state capitalism’. However, unconventional monetary operations performed by central banks in recent years make this exclusion increasingly problematic. This paper thus explores whether recent central bank interventions should be considered manifestations of ‘new’ state capitalism. Analysis focuses on the actions of three central banks from the advanced capitalist core in the West – the US Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank and the Bank of England. By mobilising the ‘financial chains’ perspective, this paper highlights the fact that, under financialisation, contemporary central banks have assumed a pivotal role in shaping Western capitalism and its uneven geographies. Through these recent unconventional interventions, central banks have in effect become ‘creators’ or ‘generators’ of (financial) capital. As such, their role in shaping uneven economic geographies across space (well beyond their official territorial boundaries) has expanded. Spatial ramifications of central banks’ capital-generating operations could thus fit easily within the framework of ‘uneven and combined state capitalism’. The possibility of considering the unconventional operations of central banks as state capitalist could also go hand in hand with a modified definition of state capitalism. Indeed, the rubric of state capitalism could potentially be enlarged to include configurations of capitalism where the state plays a particularly strong role not only as promoter, supervisor and owner of capital but also as a ‘generator’ of capital. This capital-generating role appears to be essential for the survival of contemporary capitalism.
Biomechanical Analysis of Posterior Open-Wedge Osteotomy and Glenoid Concavity Reconstruction Using an Implant-Free, J-Shaped Iliac Crest Bone Graft
Authors: Ernstbrunner Lukas , Borbas Paul , Ker Andrew M. , Imhoff Florian B. , Bachmann Elias , Snedeker Jess G. , Wieser Karl , Bouaicha Samy
Published: October 2022

Background:

Posterior open-wedge osteotomy and glenoid reconstruction using a J-shaped iliac crest bone graft showed promising clinical results for the treatment of posterior instability with excessive glenoid retroversion and posteroinferior glenoid deficiency.

Purpose:

To evaluate the biomechanical performance of the posterior J-shaped graft to restore glenoid retroversion and posteroinferior deficiency in a cadaveric shoulder instability model.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A posterior glenoid open-wedge osteotomy was performed in 6 fresh-frozen shoulders, allowing the glenoid retroversion to be set at 0°, 10°, and 20°. At each of these 3 preset angles of glenoid retroversion, the following conditions were simulated: (1) intact joint, (2) posterior Bankart lesion, (3) 20% posteroinferior glenoid deficiency, and (4) posterior J-shaped graft (at 0° of retroversion). With the humerus in the Jerk position (60° of glenohumeral anteflexion, 60° of internal rotation), stability was evaluated by measuring posterior humeral head (HH) translation (in mm) and peak translational force (in N) to translate the HH over 25% of the glenoid width. Glenohumeral contact patterns were measured using pressure-sensitive sensors. Fixation of the posterior J-graft was analyzed by recording graft micromovements during 3000 cycles of 5-mm anteroposterior HH translations.

Results:

Reconstructing the glenoid with a posterior J-graft to 0° of retroversion significantly increased stability compared with a posterior Bankart lesion and posteroinferior glenoid deficiency in all 3 preset degrees of retroversion ( P < .05). There was no significant difference in joint stability comparing the posterior J-graft with an intact joint at 0° of retroversion. The posterior J-graft restored mean contact area and contact pressure comparable with that of the intact condition with 0° of retroversion (222 vs 223 mm2, P = .980; and 0.450 vs 0.550 MPa, P = .203). The mean total graft displacement after 3000 cycles of loading was 43 ± 84 µm, and the mean maximal mediolateral graft bending was 508 ± 488 µm.

Conclusion:

Biomechanical analysis of the posterior J-graft demonstrated reliable restoration of initial glenohumeral joint stability, normalization of contact patterns comparable with that of an intact shoulder joint with neutral retroversion, and secure initial graft fixation in the cadaveric model.

Clinical Relevance:

This study confirms that the posterior J-graft can restore stability and glenohumeral loading conditions comparable with those of an intact shoulder.
Western Approaches to Chinese Landscape Painting
Authors: Perinçek Karavit Kiraz
Published: October 2022

This paper considers Western approaches at different time periods to Chinese landscape painting, with a focus on the eleventh century Chinese painter Guo Xi's Essay on landscape painting. First, brief information will be given about the artist and his work. A brief scrutiny of a review published in 1936 will show how the Essay became influential in the West. Later publications, which appeared in 1969, 2007, and 2009 respectively, will show some changes in Western approaches to Chinese landscape painting, revealing the main rhetoric of their times along with changing debates and approaches within Western art history.
Career Development in Transitional Work Settings: A Qualitative Investigation Among Veterans and Vocational Counselors
Authors: Stevenson Brian J. , Kathawalla Ummul , Smith Camille , Mueller Lisa
Published: October 2022

Veterans living with mental health conditions have ambitious career goals and want support to find employment that meets their interests and preferences. Despite calls from researchers to “invest” and “commit” to career development research and practice for individuals living with psychiatric conditions, we still do not have empirically tested models for facilitating career development among individuals with mental health conditions, especially veterans. This qualitative study investigates the career development needs and recommended intervention strategies of veterans living with mental health conditions. Vocational counselors from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and veterans receiving vocational rehabilitation services ( N = 13) participated in semi-structured focus groups. Findings illuminate the tasks, barriers, interventions, implementation strategies, and transitional work context that hinder and support career development of veterans with mental health conditions. Findings offer theoretical and applied guidance to researchers and counselors regarding career development of veterans living with mental health conditions.
Key features of digital library management system (DLMS) for developing digital libraries: An investigation from LIS practitioners in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Shakeel Ahmad , Shahzad Khurram
Published: October 2022

The main objectives of the study were to identify key features of the digital library management system (DLMS) for developing and managing digital libraries, to reveal the satisfaction level of the library professionals in using digital library management system, and the problems being encountered in using these systems. The current study was quantitative in nature as quantitative measures were applied through a survey research strategy. Keeping in view the nature of the study, a purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from the target librarians who had been involved in operating digital library systems for building digital libraries in their respective libraries. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that in most of the university libraries in Pakistan, free and open source software (FOSS) had been implemented. DSpace was the most widely used software by library professionals in Pakistan. Key features of the digital library software included a user-friendly interface, customization, reliability and security, use of metadata standards (Dublin Core), web-based, advanced searching, consultancy and technical support, sharing e-books to devices (mobile, tabs), full-text searching, use of Boolean operators, and access control. The study recommended that library professionals of universities should be careful in planning library digitization and they should consider the above features before implementing any digital library software in their libraries.
Human Factors Engineering in Infection Prevention & Control: Opportunities, Examples, and the Future
Authors: Gurses Ayse P , Perry Shawna J , Pennathur Priya , Sax Hugo , Bell Michael , Roth (Chair) Emilie
Published: October 2022

Effective and practical infection prevention and control (IPC) processes and protocols are vital to safety of patients and health care workers (HCWs) as well as improving public health. This interdisciplinary panel, composed of experts in IPC, public health, medicine, and human factors engineering (HFE), will discuss the urgent need for developing partnerships with HFE experts for improving IPC across the continuum of care (hospital-to-home), provide examples for consequences of not using HFE principles, and approaches in health care system design and delivery during both ‘normal’ and extraordinary (e.g., COVID-19 pandemic) times, describe previous successful partnerships among IPC, public health and HFE, and delineate possible ways forward for HFE-informed IPC and public health.
Human-Robot Teams: A Discussion of the Emerging Trends
Authors: Patel Sabina M. , Rosero Andres , Lazzara Elizabeth H. , Phillips Elizabeth , Rogers Jordan , Momen Ali , Kessler Theresa , Krausman Andrea
Published: October 2022

As technology advances, human robot-teams are becoming increasingly commonplace with team interactions taking place in a variety of military, industrial, service, and social settings. Consequently, as HR teams evolve, novel and unique considerations for how these teams interact and perform are rising. The purpose of this panel, therefore, is to host a discussion on state-of-theart issues and emerging trends that practitioners and researchers should scrutinize as the applications of HR teams expands. To provide a diverse set of perspectives, our panelists hail from a variety of backgrounds: military, industry, and academy. Talks will focus on moral and ethical considerations for human-agent decision-making, the influence of robots on team processes in human surgical teams, and on new considerations for trust in human-agent teams, including for covert measures of trust and for the inclusion of team cohesion in trust measurement.
Human Factors in the Systems Engineering Jungle
Authors: Dr.Kelly Sprehn , Gretchen Dr. , Hechinger Misty
Published: October 2022

EXTENDED ABSTRACT As holistic thinking goes, the effects of the system on the human are well-known in the HFES community. However, many practitioners have experienced the challenges of incorporating these effects into a life cycle approach. Systems engineering seeks to model, predict, and employ holistic thinking in the development of multi-part and complex systems (NASA Systems Engineering Handbook). It is posited that a systemic approach and integration of human factors (HF) would better streamline various process pieces, thus reducing life cycle costs and risks to system and human functionality in the deployed system. Systems engineering processes and human factors philosophies have run parallel and intersecting courses, but rarely are they well-integrated. Despite the demonstrated impact of consideration on operators and users early in the design process for the reduction of system life cycle costs, and on increased adoption of systems by those users – few resources and tools exist that allow practitioners to translate human factors principles into Systems Engineering.

These same practitioners are often called upon as experts within a systems development process. Limited participation on integrated product teams (IPTs), constrained and niche issue studies, and late life cycle validation all contribute to the challenges of holistic system integration, eventually passing frustration on to the users.

The recent introduction of Human Readiness Levels (HRLs), which provide corresponding metrics to the well-established Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs), is one critical tool that will be faciliatory for appropriate consideration of human capabilities and limitations as part of system design (ANSI- HFES 400-2021). Tools like these that can become standard practices will be invaluable for inclusion of the human element into programs of record. However, in many instances, the practical considerations of conducting engineering design are often left to the individual practitioner to figure out. While many academic resources highlight the importance of including HF into system design and development, few resources exist to support in-the-trenches development efforts. In addition, communication of the value of human systems engineering across disciplines is consistently and persistently a challenge and incorporated as part of project contracts and plans to only a limited extent.

This panel explores the issue, tales from the jungle, and success stories from multiple points of view, including practitioners of Human Factors, Systems Engineers, and Academics.
Advancing approaches for patient ergonomics: understanding and leveraging the patient work network
Authors: Werner Nicole E. , Coller Ryan J. , Hughes M. , Lerner Papautsky Elizabeth , Valdez Rupa S.
Published: October 2022

For people living with chronic medical conditions, the activities of patient work are often performed by multiple actors. These actors may be formal supports (i.e., paid, professional) such as clinicians in formal clinical settings, in-home nursing and therapies, school nurses, and respite care; or informal supports (i.e., unpaid nonprofessional) such as family and friends. Although often critical to the performance of patient work, the patient work network poses many methodological challenges. The five panelists will provide prepared remarks regarding a methodological approach to studying care networks and provide a discussion of the challenges and opportunities related to using the approach. These presentations will be followed by a discussion with the panel and the audience, moderated by the chair. This discussion will be focused on eliciting further discussion on opportunities, strategies for addressing potential challenges, and additional potential approaches to studying care networks including data collection tools and analytical methods.
Road User Attitudes Toward Automated Shuttle Operation: Pre and Post-Deployment Surveys
Authors: Kim Hyungil , Doerzaph Zachary
Published: October 2022

Various driverless shuttles have been tested via pilot studies worldwide, as they have the potential to fill gaps in public transportation services. However, we presently lack a complete understanding of how people who share the road with such vehicles perceive the new technology, as most studies to date have surveyed the general public (without direct exposure) or riders of automated shuttles. To inform future deployments of such vehicles on public roadways, researchers at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute operated a low- speed automated shuttle and surveyed both shuttle riders and also non-riders before and after their 3 months of exposure to the shuttle operation. The results suggest that even though experience with, and exposure to, the technology gathered trust and acceptance among road users, shuttle riders had more positive attitudes toward shuttle operations than did non-riders. In addition, many people strongly support rules and restrictions governing shuttle operations on public roadways. Future researchers and policymakers could leverage the survey findings for more successful deployments of automated shuttles on public roadways.