bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reading Online in Foreign Languages: A Study of Strategy Use
Authors: Cheng Richard Tsan-Jui
Published: December 2016

Scores of studies have established that when learning online, students must be equipped with different sets of strategies and skills than in a physical classroom setting (Anderson, 2003; Broadbent & Poon, 2015; Coiro, 2007; Leu et al., 2007; Michinov, Brunot, Le Bohec, Juhel, & Delaval, 2011; Salmon, 2013).  The present study, by virtue of exploring foreign language learners’ online reading experience, aimed to identify the reading strategies that learners would use when engaged in online reading activities in the target foreign languages.  Thirty-two foreign language learners whose native language was English participated in the study.  The Online Survey of Reading Strategies (OSORS) designed by Anderson (2003) was administered to investigate the following four research questions: (1) What are the strategies that language learners would or would not use when reading online in foreign languages? (2) Would foreign language learners use some of the online reading strategies more frequently than other strategies? (3) Would different levels of foreign language proficiencies influence language learners’ use of the strategies?  (4) What could foreign language teachers do in their instruction to help students acquire and broaden their repertoire of online reading strategies?  Data analysis demonstrated the most and least frequently used strategies of the foreign language learners and uncovered a significant difference in the frequency of use among the strategies.  However, there was no significant difference found between the use of online reading strategies and learners’ foreign language proficiencies.  Implications and suggestions for future research and practice were proposed accordingly.      
A Research Brief: The Current State of Quality Clinical Placement in Nursing Practicums
Authors: Park Esther O. , Nam Gloria Y.
Published: December 2016

Purpose: The study was conducted to investigate students’ perceptions on their clinical experience and the quality clinical placement.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. One hundred and thirteen junior or senior nursing students participated in this study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.
Results: Majority nursing students expressed un-satisfaction (57.52%) with the required hours of practicums. They experienced different quality of clinical placement between the cities. Direct nursing skills they practice were limited to doing chores (67.1%), charting (14.47%), providing education to patients and families (10.53%), giving medication (7.89%). 49.56% of the students did not satisfy with what they have received shift schedule which was given from hospitals.
Conclusion: Simulation and scenario-centered education should be considered in Asian countries as one of replacement of clinical hours on-site. Future research warrants testing and clarifying the most appropriate clinical hours to the nursing undergraduates for their quality clinical placement.
La production mondiale des vins. C. Les pays socialistes (suite)
Authors: Galet P.
Published: December 2016

Production de vins en République démocratique allemande et en Pologne.
L'hydrolyse des hétérosides terpéniques du Muscat a petits grains par les enzymes périplasmiques de Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Darriet Philippe , Boidron Jean-Noël , Dubourdieu Denis
Published: December 2016

Osidases located in periplasmic space of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are able to hydrolyse monoterpenes heterosides of Muscat grapes. To prepare the periplasmic extract, yeast cell walls are digested with Zymolyase in the presence of an osmotic protector to prevent lysis of the resulting protoplasts; periplasmic enzymes are liberated into the supernatant medium. Monoterpenes heterosides are incubated 48 or 72 hours at 25° C with either intact yeast cells or periplasmic enzymatic extract. Monoterpenes, especially gerianol and nerol, are liberated in these conditions. β-glucosidase activity seems to play an important rôle in these reactions.

Fungal extracellular β-glucosidases are commonly strongly inhibited by glucose. Surprisingly, the activity of periplasmic yeast β-glucosidase is quite glucose independant. These results suggest that some periplasmic enzymes from yeast may be involved in the hydrolysis of varietal aroma precursors in wines.
Mise au point d'une méthode de dosage des phénols simples des vins. Application à des vins d'origines et d'âges différents
Authors: Roggero Jean-Pierre , Archier Paul
Published: December 2016

Un certain nombre de composés phénoliques simples des vins peuvent être détectés et quantifiés par chromatographie liquide à haute performance sans extraction préalable. Les résultats enregistrés sur des vins jeunes montrent en particulier que lors des six premiers mois les teneurs en acides gallique et en catéchlne augmentent, alors que celle en tyrosol diminue. En ce qui concerne les acides hydroxycinnamoyl-tartriques, on observe souvent un enrichissement, mais ceci affecte peu les teneurs en acides hydroxycinnamiques totaux.

Dans le cas des vins vieux on constate essentiellement la très haute teneur en tyrosol, particulièrement sur les plus anciens millésimes.
Incidence du traitement thermique du bois de chêne sur sa composition chimique. 1ere partie : définition des paramètres thermiques de la chauffe des fûts en tonnellerie
Authors: Chatonnet Pascal , Boidron Jean-Noël
Published: December 2016

La chauffe des fûts est une opération fondamentale de la fabrication d'une barrique. En effet, poursuivi au-delà des simples nécessités du cintrage, le brûlage (ou bousinage) entraîne l'apparition de nouveaux composés par thermolyse et hydrothermolyse du bois. Ces derniers sont susceptibles d'influencer ultérieurement les propriétés organoleptiques des vins élevés en barriques.

La chauffe des bois est encore réalisée totalement empiriquement, les écarts entre tonneliers peuvent être importants. De plus, il n'existe pas de classification objective des niveaux de brûlage. L'optimalisation de cette opération passe préalablement par la connaissance de ses caractéristiques thermiques. A cette fin, on a mesuré les températures du bois au cours des processus de cintrage et de brûlage, en fonction de différents modes de chauffe et rythmes d'humidification.

Les données recueillies permettront d'établir un modèle thermique de la chauffe traditionnelle en tonnellerie qui aidera à mieux comprendre les mécanismes de thermodégradation du bois de chêne. Une prochaine étude précisera l'évolution de la nature et de la quantité des produits de thermolyse en fonction du niveau de brûlage et du gradient thermique du bois. La modélisation de ces réactions devrait permettre l'optimisation de la régularisation de la chauffe du bois en tonnellerie.
Evolution de certains composés volatils du bois de chêne au cours de son séchage premiers résultats
Authors: Chatonnet Pascal , Boidron Jean-Noël , Dubourdieu Denis , Pons Monique
Published: December 2016

Pendant le séchage des merrains sur parc à l'air libre, on assiste à une profonde modification de la composition chimique et du profil aromatique du bois de chêne. La teneur en eugénol, en aldéhydes phénols et en Β-méthyl-y-octalactone augmente régulièrement pendant le vieillissement du bois. Principalement sous forme trans au début du séchage, la Β-méthyl-y-octalactone s'accumule finalement sous la forme cis plus aromatique. Dans le même temps, on observe également une accumulation importante du précurseur inodore de Β-méthyl-y-octalactone. L'intervention des micro-organismes fréquemment isolés sur le bois en cours de séchage naturel sur la formation de composés aromatiques a été étudiée. La culture de diverses moisissures isolées de bois en cours de séchage naturel sur extraits de bois et directement sur sciure de chêne aboutit dans tous les cas à une forte diminution des teneurs en aldéhydes phénols, notamment de la vanilline. En effet, tous les micro-organismes étudiés (Penicilium sp., Trichoderma sp., Aureobasidium sp.) sont incapables de dégrader la lignine car ils ne possèdent pas d'activité ligninase. En revanche, ces champignons possèdent une forte activité oxydo-réductase capable de réduire la vanilline en alcool vanillique inodore. En conséquence, les aldéhydes phénols apparaissant au cours du séchage naturel du merrain ne dérivent pas d'une attaque enzymatique mais plus vraisemblablementde l'acidolyse et de l'oxydation chimique de la lignine du bois. Le stockage du bois à l'air libre en présence d'eau et d'oxygène doit permettre une évolution favorable de son potentiel aromatique tant que la vanilline et la cis Β-méthyly-octalactone s'accumulent.
Gamma-ray mutagenesis on grapevine rootstocks cultivated in vitro (1)
Authors: Lima da Silva A. , Doazan J. P.
Published: December 2016

The efficiency of γ-irradiation as a tool for breeding grapevine rootstocks was investigated. One-bud cuttings from vitroplants of two varieties (Fercal and Gravesac) were subjected to gamma rays from Cs137 source at rates from 10 to 60 Grays (Gy) at intervals of 10. All the parameters observed were affected at 20 Gy and upwards. Varietal susceptibility to irradiation was different since the maximum withstanding dose was 40 Gy for Gravesac and only 30 for Fercal. Besides, shoot development was more lowered than root development. The results showed that an increase of the irradiation dose decreased the rate of survival, the rhizogenesis and the growth of in vitro plants. On the V2 vegetative generation ofGravesac vitroplants changes in size, in leafform, in plant habits, in growth and chlorophyll deficient mutations were recorded. Moreover, after a 30 Gy irradiation variations of growth, dry weight, leaf area, number of stomata and photosynthesis rates were shown on the V3 generation. Accordingly this irradiation method is efficient to develop an in vitro variability. A sample of the surviving plants was established in the greenhouse for further screening.

(1) Communication faite au 6'®me Symposium International sur l'Amélioration de la Vigne, à Yalta (Crimée), Ukraine, du 4 au 10 septembre 1994
Differenciation of clones of varieties of grapevines that are traditionally cultivated in NW Spain (Galicia) and elaboration of determination key for application of philometric measures
Authors: Cid Álvarez Nuria , Boursiquot Jean-Michel , Martinez Luis Romani , Saa-Otero María Del Pilar
Published: December 2016

Application of philometric methods in the differentiation between clones of the varieties of grapevines that are traditionally cultivated in Galicia (NW Spain) has been studied. Our aims is to work whith a number of leafparameters as large as possible to ensure differences among clones.

Experimental measurements have been obtained using Computer Techniques (ROMANI et al., 1993). They have been analyzed by commercial statistic package using of Discrimination Analysis (SAS Statistical Programme). We have to establish separation at clone level for each variety, by means of using certain discrimination parameters which allow us to elaborate determination keys. The parameters which best explain the differences between the clones would be the shape and size of the dentation, leaf bosoms and the whole leaf in general
Relationship between the levels of abscisic acid in latent buds, in leaves and in internodes of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot during the dormancy phase
Authors: Koussa Tayeb , Zaoui Driss , Broquedis Michel
Published: December 2016

The levels of free and bound ABA (cis-ABA and cis-ABA-GE) were quantified weekly during the dormancy phase of three years in leaves, in latent buds and in internodes grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot) by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). An inverse variation between cis-ABA and cis-ABA-GE levels was observed in buds and in internodes during some phases of their development. This result seems suggest a possible interconversion phenomenon between these two ABA forms as described in others organs by some authors. The development of ABA in leaves, in buds and in internodes, showed three successive maximums of cis-ABA. The first maximum was observed in leaves during onset of dormancy, the second maximum in buds during dormancy and the last in internodes during the leaf fall. Maximums of cis-ABA in leaves and in buds are approximatively the some values (around of 150 µg/100 g Dry Weight) whereas in internodes is lower (60 µg/100 g Dry Weight). An inverse variation between cis-ABA of leaves and cis-ABA of buds was observed suggesting that the increase of cis-ABA in buds was caused by the cis-ABA translocation from leaves but also from roots. The removal of leaves on september 1997 during the dormancy phase, before leaf fall period, induced an increase of cis-ABA content in buds and internodes. These results seem suggest that before leaf fall period, ABA of buds and internodes were translocated to leaves. During this same period, the removal of leaves and buds induced a slightly soften of ABA content increase in internodes, that seems indicate that ABA was greatly translocated from roots. During the period of leaf fall, the leaf removal traitment induced a decrease of cis-ABA levels in buds and in internodes while the same traitment associated to buds removal stabilized the ABA levels in internodes. During this period, ABA seems exported from leaves to buds and internodes and the roots don't appear to operate significantly in the development of ABA in these two organs.
Strategic irrigation management in Australian vineyards
Authors: Dry Peter R. , Loveys B. R. , Mccarthy M. G. , Stoll Manfred
Published: December 2016

Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) and Partial Rootzone Drying (PRD) are examples of strategie irrigation management. They have been successfully adopted for winegrape production in Australia with the aim of controlling vegetative growth to produce 'balanced' vines, and to improve both water-use efficiency (measured as tonnes of fruit per ML of irrigation water applied) and fruit quality for winemaking. This paper will outline some of the physiological principles that underpin these strategies and provide details of experimental and commercial experience in Australian vineyards.
Influence of yeast autolysis after alcoholic fermentation on the development of Brettanomyces/Dekkera in wine
Authors: Guilloux-Benatier Michèle , Chassagne D. , Alexandre Hervé , Charpentier Claudine , Feuillat Michel
Published: December 2016

Brettanomyces, a contaminant yeast, is relatively common in wines and mainly in red wines during barrel aging. The results presented here relate to the effects of yeast lees autolysis on the growth of Brettanomyces. Experiments were realised in a culture medium after alcoholic fermentation, in a hydroalcoholic wine-like solution and in a red wine. Brettanomyces was inoculated at low level : 102 cfu/ml and the growth was controlled by counting on agar appropriate medium. Yeast lees from S. cerevisiae were added to these media in the presence or absence of an exogenous enzymatic preparation containing pectinase and β (1—>3) glucanase activities. Brettanomyces is able to grow in the synthetic media containing yeast lees. The addition of the glucanase preparation on yeast lees was correlated with an enhance in extracellular glucose level. This higher glucose level corresponds to the acceleration of hydrolysis of cell-wall glucans but was not correlated with a higher level of Brettanomyces population. This result confirms that this yeast multiply by fermenting very small quantities of glucose. In red wine the implantation of Brettanomyces is easy. With a low level of inoculation (102 cfu/ml), contaminant yeast grows rapidly to 106 cfu/ml (in 5 days). The presence of S. cerevisiae lees in red wine enhances significantly Brettanomyces population to 107 cfu/ml. During their development, these yeast produced less than 200 µg/1 of 4-ethyl phenol and 4-ethyl gaïacol. Volatile phenol content in red wine containing yeast lees were 3-5 times lower. Yeast lees have probably the particular property to being able to adsorb these volatile phenols by complexion with the cell-walls.
Classification of red wines analysed by middle infrared spectroscopy of dry extract according to their geographical origin
Authors: Picque Daniel , Cattenoz T. , Corrieu G.
Published: December 2016

Mid-infrared transmission spectroscopy and classical analyses have been used to classify 165 wines of the same variety (Gamay), from three geographical origins (Gaillac, Beaujolais and Touraine). For spectroscopic analyses; the wines were dried on polyethylene membrane and infrared spectra were recorded by transmission between 800 cm-1 and 1800 cm-1. Classical analyses included pH, total acidity, total phenol, colour, sugars and major acids. The three groups of wines were classified by applying factorial discriminant analyses with cross validation. 97 p. cent of wines were correctly classified, based on the infrared data, versus 67 p. cent based on the classical analyses.
Polyamines and adventitious root formation in Vitis vinifera L.
Authors: Geny Laurence , Dalmasso R. , Broquedis Michel
Published: December 2016

The effects of polyamines were examined for growth and polyamine contents in cultings, callus and primary adventitious roots of Vitis vinifera L. Variations in free, conjugated and wall-bound polyamines in cuttings were observed during rhizogenesis. The main polyamines in cuttings were conjugated polyamines while in callus and primary adventitious roots they were free polyamines. Exogenous polyamine addition did not modify the total number of roots per cutting but increased the mean size and number of long roots. Moreover, exogenous polyamines increased polyamine levels in callus and roots, particurlarly wall-bound and conjugated polyamines. The involvement of these classes of polyamines in morphogenic processes is discussed.
Grapevine nutritional diagnosis methods for the « Serra Gaúcha » viticultural region, Brazil
Authors: Fráguas J.-C. , Miele Alberto , Silva E. B.
Published: December 2016

The methods of grapevine nutritional diagnosis used in Michigan, California, and South Africa were evaluated with the objective to assess and adjust values of these methods for the Brazilian conditions. The study was carried out in 53 vineyards in the Serra Gaúcha viticultural region, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 1995/96 to 1997/98 (25 of these vineyards were Cabernet Sauvignon and 28 Italie Riesling). All these vineyards were conducted in the pergola system. Data of yield, °Brix, total titratable acidity, density, and pH of the grape must, the concentration of macro- and micro nutrients in the leaves as well as data from soil analyses were assessed. The yield of each vineyard and the concentration of the mineral nutrients in the tissue were correlated. The final adjustments were made by means of the method of the critical threshold using the NCRIz criterion. The method of California was the less precise as it neither establishes defined border values for the sufficiency level nor takes some nutrients into account. The method of Michigan needed few adjustments because of its origin; for this it may be considered viable for the nutritional diagnosis, mainly for American cultivars. Out of the three methods, the South African proved to be the most appropriate for diagnosing the nutritional status of the grapevine cultivated in the Serra Gaúcha, because it did not need adjustments for most nutrients.
Use of direct inoculation malolactic starters: settling, efficiency and sensorial impact
Authors: Gindreau Emmanuel , Keim H. , De Revel Gilles , Bertrand Alain , Lonvaud-Funel Aline
Published: December 2016

Four direct inoculation malolactic starters were used in this study. They conducted malolactic fermentation in a merlot wine in barrels. We compared the behaviour of these strains at multiple levels. Inoculation efficiency was evaluated, and great differences were observed among the starters. Implantation controls were also carried out. They were ail clearly positive. The rates of malate degradation were compared. They were ail different, but MLF in the inoculated barrels always finished before the non-inoculated control. Physicochemical and sensory analysis were done. No major differences were seen concerning chemical data. However, some significant differences were observed at the sensory level. Positive implantation controls allowed to conclude that these differences originated from the starter strains used in this study.
Predicting the date of budbreak of grapevine grown in the « Serra Gaucha » region
Authors: Mandelli F. , Berlato M. Antonio , Tonietto J. , Bergamaschi H.
Published: December 2016

Predicting the date of budbreak allows a more organized and rational pruning, defining lire time for winter phythosanitary treatments and, if necessary, the application of products to improve homogeneous sprouting and to increase the percentage of budbreak. The objective of the work was to validate the predicting date of grapevine budbreak model developed by Pouget, in France, for the conditions of Bento Gonçalves, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. To achieve this purpose, daily meteorological data of air minimum and maximum températures (°C), from 1984 to 1999, were taken from the agroclimatological station located near the experiment. The phenological data of 20 grapevine cultivars were obtained from the Embrapa Grape and Wine Germoplasm Active Bank. The phenological évaluations for each cultivar were performed on six grapevines conducted in a high vertical trellis and pnined in a bounded double Guyot. For each year, winter pruning and cultural practices were done in the same date for ail cultivars. This methodology is based on the effects of température on the sprouting velocity, on the relationships between the sum of températures and the number of days up to sprouting, and between the precocity coefficient of sprouting and the sum of température. To obtain these relationships, the same cultivars used by Pouget were taken into account, being the June lst the date considered for the beginning of the sum of temperature. Results show that the methodology of Pouget may be applied either for the "Serra Gaucha" conditions, with the possibility to predict the date of sprouting with two or three weeks earlier, depending on the cultivar and on the year, which permit the grower a better winter pruning planning.
Olfactory impact of dimethyl sulfide on red wine fruity esters aroma expression in model solution
Authors: Lytra Georgia , Tempere Sophie , Zhang Shiyu , Marchand Stéphanie , De Revel Gilles , Barbe Jean-Christophe
Published: December 2016

Aim: The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) on the fruity aroma of a complex mixture containing 12 red wine esters.

Methods and results: Aromatic reconstitutions were prepared using pure commercial esters and acetates at the average concentrations found in red wines, as well as several concentrations of DMS. The olfactory thresholds of DMS in such matrices were: 1.74 µg/L in dilute alcohol solution, 2.80 µg/L in fruity aromatic reconstitution (12 esters) in dilute alcohol solution, and 3.67 µg/L in fruity aromatic reconstitution in dearomatized red wine. The "olfactory threshold" of the fruity pool, consisting of the 12 esters, was calculated in two different matrices: dilute alcohol solution and dilute alcohol solution supplemented with 5 µg/L DMS. The presence of DMS in the mixture led to significantly decreased of the "olfactory threshold" of the fruity pool, highlighting its effect in increasing overall aroma intensity. Sensory profiles were then evaluated to investigate the qualitative impact of DMS on fruity aroma perception.

Conclusions: These results confirmed the sensory importance of DMS, suggesting that it was an active contributor to the black-berry fruit nuances in the fruity matrix studied. This compound participated, both quantitatively and qualitatively, in modulating black-berry fruit aroma and, more specifically, in enhancing blackcurrant aroma.

Significance and impact of the study: Studies investigating fruity aromas in red wines over the past decade have discussed the implication of DMS in fruity aroma expression. Although DMS does not present fruity aromas, this study clearly shows its indirect impact on fruity aroma expression, via particular perceptive interactions, in fruity model mixture.
Effects of salinity on leaf mineral composition and salt injury symptoms of some Iranian wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris) genotypes
Authors: Doulati Baneh Hamed , Hassani Abbas , Ghani Shaieste Farokh
Published: December 2016

Aim: To evaluate the suitability of wild grapevine genotypes to saline conditions by measuring leaf ion content and salt injury symptoms.

Methods and results: Vines of nine wild (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris) genotypes were planted in pots and after the good establishment, salinity treatments (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) started. At the end of the experimental period, the K+, Na+, NO3- and Cl- content of leaves and visible symptoms of salt injury were recorded. Leaf Na+ and Cl- content increased with increasing salinity but levels and accumulation rates were different among genotypes.

Conclusion: Based on Na+ and Cl- content and salt symptoms, genotypes 4 and 7 showed less symptoms than the other genotypes at moderate (50-100 mM) NaCl concentration and none could tolerate high salt (150 mM) concentration.

Significance and impact of the study: Under saline conditions, ion accumulation in the leaves significantly varied among wild genotypes and some of them could be recommended as saline tolerant genotypes.
Relationships between carbohydrates and reproductive development in chardonnay grapevine: impact of defoliation and fruit removal treatments during four successive growing seasons
Authors: Vaillant-Gaveau Nathalie , Wojnarowiez Geneviève , Petit Anne-Noëlle , Jacquens Lucile , Panigai Laurent , Clement Christophe , Fontaine Florence
Published: December 2016

Aim: The present study was conducted in grapevines to evaluate the influence of source/sink disturbance on reserve restoration in the entire plant (trunk, roots) and the consequences on reproduction, yield, sugar yield, potential alcohol content and total acidity over four successive years of treatment.

Methods and results: At véraison, either total defoliation or total fruit removal was performed on Chardonnay plants grown in vineyards. The impact was measured each year on reproductive parameters and after four years on both plant weight and carbohydrate content. Defoliation induced an alteration in carbohydrate distribution in the entire plant, as revealed by decrease of starch content and parallel increase of soluble sugar content. These modifications affected the number of inflorescences/clusters per plant the year after. By contrast, fruit removal resulted in a significant increase of carbohydrate reserves in the whole plant, although the efficiency of sexual reproduction was not improved the year after.

Conclusion: Results confirm the close correlation between carbohydrate reserves and the efficiency of sexual reproduction. Moreover, grapevine is able to adapt the number of both inflorescences and flowers according to the amount of available carbohydrate reserves in perennial organs.

Significance and impact of the study: The quality of the crop is affected by defoliation, as shown by the decrease in yield and sugar yield. However, the impact on potential alcohol content and total acidity was less pronounced.
Effect of different irrigation strategies on vine physiology, yield, grape composition and sensory profiles of Vitis vinifera L. Cabernet-Sauvignon in a cool climate area
Authors: Balint Gabriel , Reynolds Andrew G.
Published: December 2016

Aim: The efficacy of partial root zone drying (PRD) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on vine physiology, yield components, fruit composition and wine sensory profiles of ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’ was investigated in a cool climate region in Ontario, Canada.

Methods and results: Field experiments were conducted in a Cabernet-Sauvignon block in Niagara-on-the-Lake, ON Canada between 2006 and 2008. There were five treatments : non-irrigated control, PRD, full irrigation [100 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)] and two levels of RDI (50 and 25 % ETc). Treatments started immediately after fruit set and continued until post-veraison. Soil and vine water status were apparently controlled not only by the amount of water but also by the irrigation strategy used. In the PRD treatments, soil moisture, leaf water potential, and transpiration rate were generally lower than in 100 % ETc but higher than non-irrigated and RDI treatments. Almost all treatments were different than in non-irrigated vines in fruit composition and wine sensory attributes. Wine sensory attributes differed considerably due to the amount of irrigation water applied in 2007. RDI strategies were more consistent than the PRD treatments in their effect on vine water status, grape composition and wine sensory profiles. Inconsistent patterns across seasons for some variables indicated that besides soil and vine water status, there were other factors that impacted vine physiology, yield components and berry composition.

Conclusions: RDI treatments improved wine quality when compared with full or either non-irrigated treatments. Overall, use of RDI irrigation or PRD during dry and warm years can improve grape composition in cool climates.

Significance and impact of the study: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of PRD and RDI on Cabernet-Sauvignon in a cool humid climate. It suggests that although RDI strategies are more effective, PRD also has value, particularly in dry seasons.
A Broad-Area Method for Estimation of Upwelling Medium Wave Infrared for Fire Detection
Authors: Hally Bryan , Wallace Luke , Reinke Karin , Jones Simon
Published: December 2016

Fire detection from satellite sensors relies on an accurate estimation of the unperturbed state of a target pixel, from which an anomaly can be isolated. Methods for estimating the radiation budget of a pixel without fire depend upon training data derived from the location's recent history of brightness temperature variation over the diurnal cycle, which can be vulnerable to cloud contamination and the effects of weather. This study proposes a new method that utilises the common solar budget found at a given latitude in conjunction with an area's local solar time to aggregate a broad-area training dataset, which can be used to model the expected diurnal temperature cycle of a location. This training data is then used in a temperature fitting process with the measured brightness temperatures in a pixel, and compared to pixel-derived training data and contextual methods of background temperature determination. Results of this study show similar accuracy between clear-sky medium wave infrared upwelling radiation and the diurnal temperature cycle estimation compared to previous methods, with demonstrable improvements in processing time and training data availability. This method can be used in conjunction with brightness temperature thresholds to provide a baseline for upwelling radiation, from which positive thermal anomalies such as fire can be isolated.
Analysis of Aluminum Resource Supply Structure and Guarantee Degree in China Based on Sustainable Perspective
Authors: Liu Shaoli , Li Xin , Wang Minxi
Published: December 2016

Aluminum is a strategic mineral resource, and China’s aluminum production and consumption is fairly large. However, its supply guarantee is uncertain because of a high dependency on external raw materials. This uncertainty may expand, so finding a way to reduce the uncertainty of aluminum resource supply is especially important. This paper applies the SFA method to analyze the aluminum flows in mainland China from 1996 to 2014, and establishes a supply structure model to measure its supply guarantee degree. The results claim that: (1) China’s aluminum production can satisfy demand and even create a surplus; (2) Domestic self-productive primary and secondary aluminum increased at an annual rate of 12% and 24%; (3) The proportion of self-productive secondary aluminum in the supply structure increased from 7.7% in 1996 to 12.8% in 2014, while that of primary aluminum decreased from 79.6% to 42.8%; (4) The total supply guarantee degree decreased from 87.3% to 55.6% in this period. These results provide a feasible way to solve this plight: the proportion of secondary aluminum in the supply structure should be enhanced, and an efficient aluminum resource recycling system needs to be established as soon as possible to ensure its sustainable supply.
A Weakly Pareto Compliant Quality Indicator
Authors: Dilettoso Emanuele , Rizzo Santi Agatino , Salerno Nunzio
Published: December 2016

In multi-objective optimization problems, the optimization target is to obtain a set of non-dominated solutions. Comparing solution sets is crucial in evaluating the performances of different optimization algorithms. The use of performance indicators is common in comparing those sets and, subsequently, optimization algorithms. A good solution set must be close to the Pareto-optimal front, well-distributed, maximally extended and fully filled. Therefore, an effective performance indicator must encompass these features as a whole and must be Pareto dominance compliant. Unfortunately, some of the known indicators often fail to properly reflect the quality of a solution set or cost a lot to compute. This paper demonstrates that the Degree of Approximation (DOA) quality indicator, is a weakly Pareto compliant unary indicator that gives a good estimation of the match between the approximated front and the Pareto-optimal front. Moreover, DOA computation is easy and fast.
Fundamentals of the Behavior of Concrete Recycled with PET Additives through Its Porosity
Authors: Mendivil-Escalante J. Miguel , Gómez-Soberón J. Manuel , Almaral-Sánchez J. Luis , Cabrera-Covarrubias F. Guadalupe
Published: December 2016

In the field of construction, materials referred to as sustainable are currently undergoing a process of technological development. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the behavior of the fundamental properties of concretes prepared with recycled coarse aggregates that incorporate in their matrix a polyethylene terephthalate-based additive in an attempt to reduce their high porosity. Techniques to measure the gas adsorption, water porosity and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to evaluate the effect of the additive on the physical, mechanical and microstructural properties of these concretes. Porosity reductions of up to 30.60% are achieved with the addition of 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9% of the additive, defining a new state in the behavioral model of the additive (the overdosage point) in the concrete matrix; in addition, the porous network of these concretes and their correlation whit other physical and mechanical properties are also explained.
Demagnetization Faults Robust Detection Method Based on an Adaptive Sliding Mode Observer for PMSM
Authors: Zhang Changfan ,   Hunan University of Technology, Zhang Miaoying , He Jing , Shao Rui , Luo Lixiang ,   Hunan Railway Professional Technology College,   China Power New Energy Dongguan Cogeneration Co., Ltd.
Published: December 2016

To detect demagnetization faults in real time based on an adaptive sliding mode observer, we used a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Demagnetization faults are first modeled for the PMSM using coordinates oriented to the magnetic field. To solve demagnetization faults problems as multiple parameters change, we used adaptive and sliding mode variable structure control and designed an adaptive sliding mode observer. The adaptive estimation algorithm of the permanent magnet flux is given and the observer’s stability is proven by Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposal.
Detecting Ellipses in Embryo Images Using Arc Detection Method with Particle Swarm for Blastomere-Quality Measurement System
Authors: Mantau Aprinaldi Jasa ,   Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Indonesia, Bowolaksono Anom , Wiweko Budi , Jatmiko Wisnu ,   Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Indonesia,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia
Published: December 2016

The objective of this paper is to present a novel method, based on a swarm intelligence algorithm, for ellipse detection in digital images of embryo. The process is carried out in several stages. First, edge detection is performed on the image. Then, line segments in the image are detected, and potential elliptical arc segments are extracted from the line segments. Afterward, the detection process is carried out using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method, which utilize the calculation of the fitness function from the arc segment previously detected. The PSO technique, which is the idea behind the proposed algorithm, is used to find the actual ellipses by combining potential elliptical arcs. The best combination of potential arcs is determined by means a voting technique that utilizes three important points on the arc, namely the starting point, midpoint, and endpoint, so the voting is more efficient than doing the voting for every single pixel in the image. Furthermore, this method is used an embryo image that has following the characteristics: multiple ellipses, a lot of noise, an incomplete ellipse, low image contrast, and overlapping cells. Experiment show that the proposed method detects the ellipses better than do several voting-based ellipse detection methods such as RHT, IRHT, and PSORHT. On the other hand, the experiments show that the proposed method has a higher average hit rate than do other methods. This research is used to increase the success rate of In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF).
Foot Structure with Divided Flat Soles and Springs for Legged Robots and Experimental Verification
Authors: Mamiya Shotaro ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Sano Shigenori , Uchiyama Naoki
Published: December 2016

[abstFig src='/00280006/03.jpg' width='300' text='Robotic foot adaptable to rough terrain' ] Practical ambulation must be realized by walking robots to enable social and industrial support by walking robots in human living environments. A four-legged robot that walks through rough terrain effectively does not erase the fact that most legged robots – particularly biped robots – have difficulty negotiating rough terrain. We focus below on a foot structure and landing control for enabling any type of legged robot to walk through rough terrain. When a walking robot lands on the ground, it is difficult to detect the detailed geometry and dynamic properties of the ground surface. The new foot structure we propose adapts to ground surfaces that have different geometries and hardness. The foot has four-part flat soles. The landing controller we apply to a robot with our proposed foot structure increases the stability of contact with the ground. We verify the effectiveness of our proposed foot structure in experiments.
Error Evaluation Method of Approximated Inverse Kinematics for Parallel-Wire Driven System – Basic Study for Three-Wire Planar System –
Authors: Kino Hitoshi ,   Department of Intelligent Mechanical Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Okubo Nobuhiro , Ikeda Toshihide , Ochi Hiroaki ,   Development Department, OREC Co., Ltd.,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Yamaguchi
Published: December 2016

[abstFig src='/00280006/04.jpg' width='300' text='Two-degrees-of-freedom planar system using three wires' ] Parallel-wire driven system, a kind of parallel-link mechanism, employs flexible and light wires in place of rigid links. By applying kinematics to parallel-wire driven systems, we seek to obtain the relationship between the end-effector’s position and wire length. Kinematics usually approximates the wire-contacting point of the winding reel (or guiding pulley) in the actuator unit to be a fixed point. Similar kinematic approximations, however, are likely to cause errors in controlling the end-effector position. In this study, therefore, we attempt to evaluate end-effector positioning errors due to inverse kinematic approximations. As the first step, we analyze end-effector positioning errors in two-degrees-of-freedom planar system and propose two methods to evaluate the positioning errors. Then, we conduct two case studies where we compare the errors due to inverse kinematic approximations and effects of wire’s elastic elements in order to confirm effectiveness of the proposed methods for evaluating end-effector positioning errors.
Design of the Nonlinear Structure Adaptive Model Inversion Flight Control System
Authors: Long Hao ,   College of Automation, Beijing Union University, Chung Yi-Nung ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, National Changhua University of Education
Published: December 2016

[abstFig src='/00280006/17.jpg' width='300' text='Design of the nonlinear SAMI flight control system' ] The advanced aircraft has those technological characteristics: stealth, supersonic cruise, super maneuverability, multi-target attack, multi-role, high load, long range cruise, integrated avionics, short takeoffs and vertical landings. These characteristics need multi-subsystem integration in the advanced aircraft. In order to meet the need of advance aircraft, the nonlinear control system is necessary. In this paper, the nonlinear structure adaptive model inversion system was first used for the nonlinear control problem of super-maneuver aircraft. The sufficient and necessary condition of the control law was analyzed. Finally the results of the height-angle maneuver simulation show that the designed control system has good performance.
Sliding Mode Control for Hexacopter Stabilization with Motor Failure
Authors: Yang Yi ,   Chiba University, Wang Wei , Iwakura Daisuke , Namiki Akio , Nonami Kenzo ,   Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,   Autonomous Control Systems Laboratory Ltd.
Published: December 2016

[abstFig src='/00280006/18.jpg' width='300' text='Hovering with 5 rotors' ] This study presents a fault-tolerance approach for hexacopters with failed propulsion systems (i.e., motors and propellers) using sliding mode control theory. In this study, we use an explicit control allocation method with linear constraints for allocating the control input to redundancy actuators, as well as a new sliding model controller designed to stabilize the attitude and maintain the basic flight performance of a vehicle with a single failed motor during an outdoor autonomous flight mission. An asymmetrical motor rotation arrangement is applied in order to ensure controllability for all degrees of freedom. We verify the developed system on a real hexacopter suffering propulsion-system failure. Finally, the comparative results between the linear-quadratic-integral controller and model reference sliding mode controller are presented to evaluate the robustness of each controller against the failure of redundancy actuators.
Factors Related to Men’s Motivation for Contraceptive Use in Yogyakarta
Authors: Sariyati Susiana , Hati Febrina Suci , Fatimah Fatimah
Published: December 2016

Family Planning program is one of very important national development programs in order to embody wealthy Indonesian families. Role of such program has a big influence to a person’s reproductive health, both reproductive health of woman and man. This study aimed to determine factors related to reproductive men’s motivations for contraceptive use in Bumijo Village, Jetis District, Yogyakarta City. This study was conducted in Bumijo Village, Jetis Subdistrict, Yogyakarta. Subjects were 161 men in reproductive age older than 30 years old and had two children or more. This study was quantitative with logistic regression analysis. Results of study showed relation between knowledge and motivation (p value = 0.368), sociocultural and motivation (p value = 0.147), education and motivation (p value = 0.968), information and motivation (p value = 0.296), wife’s support and motivation (p value = 0.001). There was no relation between knowledge, education, information source, social and culture with motivation. There was a relation between wife’s support and motivation.AbstrakProgram Keluarga Berencana (KB) merupakan salah satu program pembangunan nasional yang sangat penting dalam rangka mewujudkan keluarga Indonesia yang sejahtera. Peran program KB sangat besar pengaruhnya terhadap kesehatan reproduksi seseorang, baik untuk kesehatan reproduksi perempuan maupun kesehatan reproduksi laki-laki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan motivasi laki-laki pasangan usia subur dalam menggunakan kontrasepsi di Desa Bumijo, Kecamatan Jetis, Kota Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan pengetahuan dengan motivasi yaitu nilai p = 0,368. Hubungan sosial budaya dengan motivasi yaitu nilai p = 0,147. Hubungan pendidikan dengan motivasi yaitu nilai p = 0,968. Hubungan informasi dengan motivasi yaitu nilai p = 0,296. Hubungan dukungan istri dengan motivasi yaitu nilai p = 0,001. Tidak terdapat hubungan pengetahuan, pendidikan, sumber informasi, sosial budaya dengan motivasi. Terdapat hubungan dukungan istri dengan motivasi.
Factors Related to Incidence of Pneumonia among Toddlers
Authors: Sidiq Rapitos , Ritawati Ritawati , Sitio Roma , Hajar Siti
Published: December 2016

Pneumonia is one of very important global health problems among toddlers, especially in developing countries. Nowadays, pneumonia is one of largest causes of child mortality, especially in newborn period. In Aceh Province, pneumonia disease is the eighth of 25 biggest diseases found at primary health care with 112 cases, while pneumonia among outpatient sufferers in Aceh reached 434 cases (29.03%).This study aimed to determine factors related to incidence of pneumonia toddlers in Lambatee Village, Darul Kamal Subdistrict, Aceh Besar District. This study was analytical descriptive using cross-sectional design. Samples of study were mothers and toddlers amounted to 48 people. Data were collected on August 3rd – 14th, 2015 by interview, observation. Multivariate analysis used logistic regression. Results of study showed that the factor physical condition of house sanitation influenced to trend among toddlers suffering from pneumonia with p value 0.01< 0.05, the highest OR score 6.431 and 95% CI = 1.559 - 26.532. In conclusion, physical condition of house sanitation had six times risk of causing trend of pneumonia incidence among toddlers in Lambatee Village, Darul Kamal Subdistrict, Aceh Besar District.AbstrakPneumonia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan global yang sangat penting pada anak bawah lima tahun (balita), khususnya pada negara-negara berkembang. Saat ini, pneumonia merupakan salah satu kasus penyebab kematian pada anak terbesar, terutama pada periode baru lahir. Di Provinsi Aceh, penyakit pneumonia merupakan penyakit urutan ke-8 dari 25 penyakit terbesar yang ditemukan di puskesmas dengan jumlah 1.112 kasus. Sedangkan besarnya kasus pneumonia pada penderita rawat jalan di Aceh mencapai 434 kasus (29,03%). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita. Penelitian bersifat analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian adalah ibu dan balita yang berjumlah 48 orang. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan tanggal 3 – 14 Agustus 2015 dengan wawancara dan observasi. Analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor kondisi sanitasi rumah secara fisik berpengaruh terhadap kecendrungan balita menderita penyakit pneumonia dengan nilai p 0,01 < 0,05, dengan nilai OR tertinggi 6,431 dan CI 95% = 1.559 - 26.532. Disimpulkan bahwa kondisi sanitasi rumah secara fisik memiliki peluang enam kali menyebabkan terjadinya pneumonia pada balita di Desa Lambatee, Kecamatan Darul Kamal, Kabupaten Aceh Besar.