bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrological modeling of agricultural lands on the basis of GIS technologies (On the example of the Chimbay district of the Republic of Karakalpakstan)
Authors: Abdurakhmonov S. , Bekanov K. , Embergenov N. , Eshnazarov D.
Published: May 2023

The article deals with the issue of hydromodule zoning of agricultural land. The negative impact of the environmental factors of the Aral Sea requires more work on the efficient use of agricultural land in the region. The focus of the research is on the efficient use of agricultural land based on the optimal placement of Agricultural crops. Optimizing the use of agricultural land by dividing areas into taxonomic units is considered to be one of the effective methods. In this study, the land of P. Seytov’s massive, Chimboy district of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, within the Republic of Uzbekistan, was selected as a study area. Hydromodule zoning of the cultivated areas of the research object was done using GIS technologies. In this, data on soil types and mechanical composition of the object, groundwater, and irrigation methods were used. Overlay, raster calculation, and raster classification methods were used using ArcGIS 10.6 software. As a result, a hydromodule map of the research object was created. Based on the created hydromodule map, the scenario of placement of agricultural crops based on 2 different options was developed and water consumption was analyzed.
“Exploring the Potential for Collector-Drainage Water Reuse in Fodder Crop Farming: A Case Study in Uzbekistan’s Mizachul Steppe”
Authors: Mirzaqobulov Jakhongirmirzo , Salokhiddinov Abdulkhakim , Mamatov Sobit
Published: May 2023

The recycling of collector-drainage water (CDW) with high mineral content increases the salt levels in inland water bodies, which can limit the usability of the water downstream. To improve the agricultural irrigation system and livestock production in Central Asia, comprehensive quantitative and qualitative research is needed to analyze the inter-annual and multiyear CDW generation patterns. A Ph.D. research study has been designed to investigate the amount, quality, and ionic composition of CDW and its reuse potential for maize crops in the Mirzachul steppe of Uzbekistan. Reusing drainage water is an effective approach to supplementing water resources and reducing drainage disposal problems by reducing the volume of water involved. Reusing drainage water for irrigation can also mitigate water pollution issues. Different reuse methods include conventional agriculture, salt-tolerant crop cultivation, wildlife habitats and wetlands, and initial reclamation of salt-affected lands. In recent years, salinity levels in all major CDWs have shown a continuous increase. The present study is based on scientific research that involved proper fieldwork monitoring and observation while irrigating maize crops with a mixture of salt water and fresh water.
Wheeled tractor equipped with a mechanism for changing the ground clearance
Authors: Akhmetov Adilbek , Botirov Ravshan , Amonov Mansur
Published: May 2023

In accordance with the agricultural row-crops cultivation practices adopted in the Central Asian region, machine-tractor units carry out a large number of passes through the field during the growing season. Consequently, individual sections of the fields are repeatedly affected by the running systems of these machines, which negatively affects soil fertility. The universal row-crop tractors used in cotton production have two types of wheel arrangements: 3W2 and 4W2. Consequently, these arrangements have different natures and magnitude of impact on the soil. Despite a number of advantages of 4-wheeled tractors due to insufficient agrotechnical clearance under the front and rear axles beam, they are not used for inter-row cotton cultivation. Mechanisms including a stepless change in ground clearance, both for the front and rear axles of a 4-wheeled tractor, eliminate these disadvantages and thereby expand the possibilities of their use. The use of a 4-wheeled tractor in field and transport operations has shown that the most loaded parts in the developed mechanism for changing the clearance of the rear axle are rolling supports of the cage on the casing of the rear axle of the tractor.
Smart angular displacement sensor for agricultural field robot manipulators
Authors: Baratov Rustam , Mustafoqulov Almardon
Published: May 2023

This study presents the electromagnetic angular displacement sensor and its technical characteristics. The existing electromagnetic angular displacement sensors have been thoroughly analyzed and compared with other types of sensors. The reason for the low sensitivity of the electromagnetic angular displacement sensor has been investigated and some technical modification to the existing sensor has been made. The magnetic circuits of the electromagnetic sensors have been analyzed. A method is proposed for expanding the range of angular measurements up to 180 degrees and increasing the sensitivity of the electromagnetic sensor without compromising the measurement accuracy. This, in turn, allows high-precision control and measurement of rotating mechanisms of all types of mechatronic systems and agricultural robots.
Study of the main directions of the cadastral valuation of non-agricultural land in Uzbekistan
Authors: Babajanov Allabergan , Majitov Baxrom , Abdurahmanov Ilhom
Published: May 2023

The current land-use policy in Uzbekistan has not provided clear solutions for different land users related to the cadastral valuation of land resources. Despite several land reforms that have been implemented until now, still, numerous issues can be easily identified in this field. For these reasons, this paper investigates the problems of cadastral valuation of land resources, including non-agricultural land, which are the national wealth of the country. It outlines the goals and objectives and the methods and techniques used to address them. A number of natural, social, economic, environmental, and political factors affecting the consumption characteristics of non-agricultural land, including settlements, have been identified. Using analytical analysis, calculations, and monographic methods, to date, the methods and approaches to land valuation developed in the country as a result of research in this area have been analyzed. Their shortcomings have been identified. They identify a number of specific features that have been overlooked in today’s market economy. Specific scientific recommendations for determining the relative value of land plots based on the type and nature of real estate located in settlements are given. On this basis, the procedure for calculating the market value of land in residential areas is provided.
Technogenic impact assessment on the environment of Pavlodar region using GIS technologies
Authors: Kakabayev Anuarbek , Yermekova Assem , Baikenova Gulim , Abdurahmanov Ilhom , Baituk Galym
Published: May 2023

Pavlodar region is the largest industrial center of Kazakhstan. There are three cities with developed industries in the region: Pavlodar, Ekibastuz, and Aksu. A diversified industrial complex has developed in the region, which is focused on the production of electricity, alumina, oil products, mechanical engineering, the food industry, and building materials. The consequences of the rapid development of industry in the Pavlodar region were the highest rate of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere in the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to the observations of environmentalists, the state of the atmospheric air in the region has deteriorated since the 1990s. Air pollution in industrial cities has a detrimental effect not only on human life, but also on animals, plants, and microorganisms, and also damages the economy of the region. Enormous damage to the waters of the Irtysh is caused by the enterprises of Pavlodar, as well as many enterprises of the East Kazakhstan region, the territory of which flows through most of the Irtysh River. Another no less significant environmental problem is the chemical pollution of the city of Pavlodar with mercury, associated with the Pavlodar chemical plant. Thus, one of the main tasks of the region is to improve the environmental situation.
Study of climate change patterns of the Kashkadarya River basin based on GIS technologies
Authors: Salokhiddinov Abdulkhakim , Mirzaqobulov Jakhongirmirzo , Radkevich Mariya , Ismailkhodjaev Bakhodirkhodja , Alibayeva Zulkhmor , Abdumajidov Erali
Published: May 2023

The article deals with the problem of studying changes in some climatic indicators (temperature, precipitation) in the Kashkadarya River basin. For this purpose, the analysis of land surface temperature and area of snow and ice cover on Landsat 8 images was used. Comparison of the obtained results with the results of analysis of archival data of Uzhydromet and water level data of gauging stations showed that the growth rate of average annual temperatures in Kashkadarya province is 0.21oC, and the rate of reduction of snow-ice cover area is 1% per year. in general, which has decreased over the past 15 years, by 75%. Such trends may lead to a significant reduction in the river flow of the Kashkadarya River in the coming years.
Impact of thermodynamic hypotheses on the calculation of the quantity of CO2 stored in a saline aquifer
Authors: Aboukalam Da Cruz Matheus H. A. , Bernada Philippe , Couture Frédéric , Serin Jean-Paul
Published: May 2023

The aim of this paper is to study the impact of thermodynamics models on the CO2 storage capacity of an aquifer, by using modelling and simulation of transport phenomena in porous media. The aquifer is represented here by a simplified three phase isothermal non-reacting medium composed by an inert solid phase and two binary (CO2 and H2O) fluid phases. The mathematical description is classically developed by the volume averaging method. For each phase, the conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy alongside thermodynamic laws and boundary conditions are first written. They are then integrated over a representative elementary volume in order to establish the description at the local scale. In a thermodynamic point of view, two kinds of models have been implemented and compared. The first one assumes that the gas and liquid phases are ideal. On the contrary, in the second approach, non-ideal thermodynamics is taken into account by calculating an activity coefficient (γ-φ approach) for the liquid phase and a fugacity coefficient (PengRobinson approach) for the gas phase. Results show, among other things, that the amount of CO2 dissolved in the liquid phase is significantly reduced with the non-ideal approach compared to the ideal case. These results highlight the interest of considering non-ideal phases in more complex models.
Epoxidation kinetics of vegetable oil in micellar medium by reaction calorimetry
Authors: Jabbour Michael , Ben Talouba Imed , Balland Laurent , Mouhab Nordine
Published: May 2023

The kinetics of vegetable oil epoxidation in the presence of different families of surfactants was conducted in an RC1 calorimetric reactor, to explore the micellar effect on the overall rate and kinetic parameters of the reaction. The reaction time was reduced by 2 to 3 hours compared to that obtained in the absence of micelles. A kinetic model is proposed whose parameters are estimated using a method based on the reconstruction of the thermal power profile released by the synthesis. The activation energy of the epoxidation reaction is 44.08 kJ. Safety parameters (MTSR, MTT, TD24) are also determined to study the possibility and severity of thermal runaway.
Comparative experiments on a new CaCl2-based composite material and zeolite 13X inside a thermochemical heat storage reactor
Authors: Bérut Élise , Outin Jonathan , Ondarts Michel , Lange Hugo , Le Pierrès Nolwenn
Published: May 2023

Thermal energy storage includes sensible, latent and thermochemical heat storage. The latter is particularly interesting because the heat is stored as a chemical potential, which reduces heat loss in long-term applications. The viability of thermochemical storage systems strongly depends on the energy density of the storage material. The development of high energy density materials is thus essential to achieve compact systems suitable for a wide range of applications.

A new sol-gel composite material is investigated here: it is composed of CaCl2 dispersed within a matrix of silica and PEG-600 polymer. Composite materials containing CaCl2 have the highest storage capacities and seem to be the most promising candidates. The aim is to develop a composite that is both efficient and stable. The suitability of the material depends on the ability of the PEG to stabilise calcium chloride and prevent its deliquescence and leakage. The experimental results are compared to those obtained using zeolite 13X, which is a reference adsorbent material.
Fractionation by ultrafiltration of an aqueous extract of chestnut obtained by pressurized hot water extraction
Authors: Beaufils Nicolas , Pham Nga Thi-Thanh , Peydecastaing Jérôme , Candy Laure , Behra Philippe , Pontalier Pierre-Yves
Published: May 2023

Different types, ceramic and polyethersulfone, ultrafiltration membranes were evaluated to purify a wood extract obtained in pressurized hot water conditions. Tests were performed at transmembrane pressure (TMP) from 0.4 to 2.0 bars with membrane molecular weight cut-offs ranging from 5 kDa to 100 kDa. The results showed the permeate fluxes were lower than 15 L.h-1.m-², except for the 100 kDa organic membrane, with no influence of the feed flowrate. The retention of total phenolic compounds highly depends on the membrane cut-off but the retention rates of gallic and ellagic acid were not directly link to the cut-off. The retention rate of gallic acid is lower than 10%, when ellagic acid had retention ranging from 75 to 95 % for the membrane 5 kDa. It is suggested that other phenomena could be involved in solute retention, i.e. Donnan effect or solubility, that could explain so large differences.
Development of a multilayer biodegradable active packaging based on nano emulsions, for the bio preservation of food
Authors: Baghi Fatemeh , Ghnimi Sami , Dumas Emilie , Gharsallaoui Adem
Published: May 2023

Multi-layer biodegradable active packaging is a new class of innovative food packaging containing bioactive compounds that are able to maintain food quality and extend shelf life preservation by releasing an active agent during storage. In this context, this study aims to develop and characterize three-layer biodegradable active films: 2 outer layers of ethylcellulose (EC) and a layer internal pectin containing nanoemulsions (NE) of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) as an antimicrobial agent. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (NE) nanoemulsions were prepared with soy lecithin as an agent. emulsifier to stabilize the TC and protect it for the duration of the film manufacturing. The average size and the zeta potential of the nanoemulsion droplets were 103.93 nm and -46 mV, respectively. The opacity of samples of monolayer and multilayer films decreased by 15.19 (A*mm-1) for the monolayer film of pectin incorporated by nanocapsules at 2.02 for multilayer films. In addition, the multilayer technique has made it possible to improve the mechanical properties of the films compared to monolayers with greater resistance breakage and greater extensibility. Inhibition tests on four bacteria representatives of bacteria pathogens and spoilage found in food industries have confirmed the antimicrobial activity, both, mono and multilayers. The work presented in this study offers perspectives for the fabrication packaging based on antimicrobial and biodegradable multilayer films.
Hybrid thermochemical process for storage and conversion into cold and electricity based on a low temperature thermal source
Authors: Ghazale Hasan , Morel Guillaume , Godefroy Alexis , Hernandez Emmanuel , Huc Jean-Jacques , Neveu Pierre , Mazet Nathalie , Perier-Muzet Maxime
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a hybrid thermochemical process concept for the cogeneration of cold, electricity and thermal storage based on low temperature sources. Several innovative architectures of the process were defined at PROMES-CNRS and the ‘simultaneous mode’ architecture was chosen to be under study. It provides both cold and electricity productions in the discharging step of this storage system. A numerical model was developed at PROMES simulating the simultaneous mode of the hybrid cycle. Based on the results of the model, an experimental prototype was developed at the lab. The thermochemical reactor was tested and operated properly in the charging and discharging phase of the cycle, before its hybridization. The expander was set under the first experimental characterization using nitrogen before integrating it with the thermochemical reactor in the hybrid system to analyze the real performance of the cycle.
Carbon Dioxide Capture with Choline-Based DESs Solvents
Authors: Ciriaco Gabriela , Ledoux Alain , Estel Lionel
Published: May 2023

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are an interesting alternative to conventional amines. Due to their biodegradability, lower toxicity and lower prices, DES are considered “more benign” sorbents for CO2 capture than ionic liquids. To study the effect of water on the properties of choline chloride (ChCl)/glycerol mixtures (1:3 on a molar basis), the density and viscosity of ChCl/Gly with different water content (30%, 40% and 50%) were measured at temperature from 293.15 K to 333.15 K at atmospheric pressure, the CO2 solubility in (ChCl/Gly) with water was determined from 293.15 K to 373.15 K and at pressure from 0.5 MPa to 3 MPa. The result shows the dramatically influence of water in the viscosity but not in the CO2 solubility and Absorption.
The challenges of Process Engineering for the reuse of treated wastewater within INRAE’s REUSE network - the need for a multidisciplinary and multi-scale approach
Authors: Ait-Mouheb Nassim , Bouarfa Sami , Collard Anne-Laure , Guigui Christelle , Labille Jérôme , Lombard-Latune Rémi , Mathias Jean-Denis , Molle Bruno , Molle Pascal , Nivala Jaime , Patureau Dominique , Rapaport Alain , Roche Nicolas , Sperandio Mathieu , Tomas Severine , Harmand Jérôme
Published: May 2023

The reuse of wastewater aims to mobilize and treat, for certain uses and under certain conditions, water that has already been used. Rather than discharging wastewater into the natural environment, this practice aims to recover it by replacing the mobilization of water withdrawn from the environment [van Loosdrecht and Brdjanovic, 2014]. By moving from a linear logic of the mobilization and use of water to a circular approach, the objective pursued is to reduce the pressure, qualitative then quantitative, on the resources while limiting, as far as possible, the usage conflicts. It is in fact a question of passing from a simple competitive mode which strongly mobilizes resources, to a complex mode, known as “circular”, of putting in complementarity of uses. This approach initially mainly concerned agricultural uses insofar as agricultural needs represent the majority of the water mobilized, including developed countries [UN Water 2018]. Cities integrate specific issues that are characterized by significantly different options from those that can be found in rural areas. In the city, the recovery of wastewater has both material aspects (water, nutrients, critical metals, biopolymers, etc.) and energy aspects (recovery of heat from the networks, production of energy by biological means and /or thermal,…) which should be integrated on an appropriate scale according to the problems addressed (housing, building, district, city, territory or hydrological basin). To study the conditions under which REUSE can develop and be implemented in a safe and sustainable manner, research is needed [Ait-Mouheb et al., 2018]. If it represents an opportunity in certain territories where wastewater can be mobilized, it is also necessary to underline the limits of this practice in territories where the wastewater discharged into the environment is necessary to maintain the low water levels of rivers and rivers, or where soils may be affected, for example, by the salinity of these waters. In addition, studies of the social, economic and environmental dimensions differ significantly depending on the uses envisaged and the situations considered. To meet these challenges, the REUSE network of INRAE (cf. www6.inrae.fr) proposes to adopt a multidisciplinary and multi-scale approach by mobilizing not only the disciplines that can be considered as falling within the field of technologies and environmental engineering but also all of those relating to the human and social sciences, economics, legal, and participatory sciences.
Nichtkleinzelliges Lungenkarzinom
Authors: Voll Barbara
Published: May 2023

„Oligometastasierte Lungenkarzinome – gibt es die überhaupt?“ Mit dieser Frage wurde die Schnittstellensitzung des Deutschen Krebskongresses 2022 zum oligometastasierten Lungenkarzinom (OM-NSCLC) eröffnet, und angesichts von Definitionsschwierigkeiten erwies sich die Frage als durchaus berechtigt.
Pädiatrische Neoplasien
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: May 2023

In Europa erkranken jährlich etwa 35 000 Kinder und Jugendliche an Neoplasien. Die von der Europäischen Union geförderte Studie PanCareSurFup untersucht die langfristigen Gesundheitsrisiken von Überlebenden. Die Studienautoren konzentrierten sich auf subsequente primäre Lymphome (SPL) und identifizierten Risikofaktoren für deren Auftreten.
Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: May 2023

Die Wahrscheinlichkeit für Prostatakarzinome hängt maßgeblich von der genetischen Risikokonstellation ab. Männer mit einem hohen polygenetischen Risiko-Score erkranken mit über 50 % häufiger. In 2 großen prospektiven Studien waren in dieser Gruppe die Lebensgewohnheiten nicht mit der Inzidenz, wohl aber mit dem Krankheitsverlauf assoziiert: Gesunde Verhaltensweisen reduzierten die Wahrscheinlichkeit für Metastasierung und Tod um 45 %, so die zusammenfassende Auswertung einer im Fachjournal European Urology veröffentlichten Studie.
Kolorektalkarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: May 2023

Die Therapie des metastasierten Kolorektalkarzinoms (mCRC) ist seit Jahren eines der Highlights bei den gastrointestinalen Tumoren. In diesem Jahr wurden beim Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium der American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO GI) neue Erkenntnisse zur Patientenselektion und einer effektiven Drittlinientherapie geteilt.
Supportivtherapien im Vergleich
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: May 2023

Die Tumor-assoziierte Fatigue (CRF: „cancer-related fatigue) ist ein häufiges Langzeitsymptom bei Patientinnen mit nichtmetastasiertem Brustkrebs. Welche Langzeiteffekte supportive Interventionen auf Patientinnen mit Brustkrebs haben, untersuchte eine 3-armige Kohortenstudie. Nach einem Follow-up von 4 Jahren erwies sich die Kombination einer multimodalen Therapie plus Ausdauertraining als signifikant überlegen gegenüber dem reinen Ausdauertraining. Die Überlegenheit resultierte vor allem aus der Verbesserung der Schlafparameter nach Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), weniger aus der Cancer Fatigue Scale (CFS-D).
The born global and international new venture revisited: An alternative explanation for early and rapid internationalization
Authors: Rumyantseva Maria , Welch Catherine
Published: May 2023

We revisit the empirical origins of a popular research topic: the phenomenon of early and rapid internationalization. By means of a qualitative case study, we re-examine the samples of firms used in two of the seminal studies on ‘born globals’ and ‘international new ventures’. A dominant pattern characterizing both samples, but not reported by the original authors, was that incumbent organizations were involved in the founding of the new ventures. Given this unexpected finding, we empirically investigate how being reproduced from pre-existing organizations affected the internationalization pathways of the new ventures, collecting data that extend beyond the scope and time period examined in the original studies. Our analysis shows how the evolution of the relationship between old and new generations of organizations is critical to explaining how new venture internationalization proceeded. Although the incumbent’s presence prior to foundation enabled early and possibly even rapid internationalization, it was also the source of discontinuity and instability. Based on these findings, we offer a relational perspective on the incumbent’s involvement in founding and internationalizing new ventures. Our study illustrates how applying the methodology of a case study revisit can generate new theoretical insights in existing research fields.
Hunting for clues to explain cellular diversity with mechanics
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: May 2023

Studying how bacteria respond to mechanical cues can help us understand their behavior and development.
The serial verb construction in Tujia
Authors: Lu Man , Ma Yu , van de Weijer Jeroen
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive description of the serial
verb construction (henceforth SVC) in Tujia. It shows that serial verbs or verb
phrases in Tujia are linked by the particle lie
55.
lie
55 does not contribute any semantic content
to the construction, but only functions as a linking particle.
lie
55 is not used for any other purpose in any
other structure. SVCs in Tujia can be classified into two types: non-symmetric
and symmetric, depending on argument sharing. Symmetric SVCs can be further
divided into three types according to how the arguments of the verb are shared:
those which share both agents and patients, those which share only agents and
those which do not share any arguments. SVCs in Tujia can be used to indicate
various types of semantic relations: most frequently this involves
sequentiality, but also action-result, cause-effect, and action-purpose. The use
of a linking particle in SVCs is rarely reported in the existing literature, so
that the present research contributes to the general typology of SVCs.
Unraveling-paired dynamical maps recover the input of quantum channels
Authors: Donvil Brecht , Muratore-Ginanneschi Paolo
Published: May 2023

We explore algebraic and dynamical consequences of unraveling general time-local master equations. We show that the ‘influence martingale’, the paramount ingredient of a recently discovered unraveling framework, pairs any time-local master equation with a one parameter family of Lindblad–Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan master equations. At any instant of time, the variance of the influence martingale provides an upper bound on the Hilbert–Schmidt distance between solutions of paired master equations. Finding the lowest upper bound on the variance of the influence martingale yields an explicit criterion of ‘optimal pairing’. The criterion independently retrieves the measure of isotropic noise necessary for the structural physical approximation of the flow the time-local master equation with a completely positive flow. The optimal pairing also allows us to invoke a general result on linear maps on operators (the ‘commutant representation’) to embed the flow of a general master equation in the off-diagonal corner of a completely positive semi-group which in turn solves a time-local master equation that we explicitly determine. We use the embedding to reverse a completely positive evolution, a quantum channel, to its initial condition thereby providing a protocol to preserve quantum memory against decoherence. We thus arrive at a model of continuous-time error correction by a quantum channel.
Effect of seed layers on the static and dynamic magnetic properties of CoIr films with negative effective magnetocrystalline anisotropy
Authors: Ma 马 Tianyong 天勇 , Zhang 张 Sha 莎 , Zhang 张 Chenhu 晨虎 , Li 李 Zhiwei 志伟 , Wang 王 Tao 涛 , Li 李 Fashen 发伸
Published: May 2023

The c-axis oriented hcp-Co81Ir19 magnetic films were prepared on different seed layers (Ni, Cu, Ir, Pt, Au, and No seed). We systematically investigated the impact that surface-free energy and strain energy have on the orientation and defects and/or internal stress of the grains by increasing the lattice mismatch ratio. Moreover, the initial permeability and the natural resonance frequency were discussed in great detail using a comparison between calculated values and experimental values. We found that the almost unchanged 4πM
s and μ
i are not affected, while the changed H
c, intrinsic K
grain, and f
r are strongly dependent on the seed layer and seed layer material. Moreover, the extracted damping constant is sensitive to the defects and/or internal stress and orientation of the grains. Therefore, the soft magnetic properties and microwave properties are adjusted and optimized by seed layers with different materials.
Collimator design for gamma-ray cascade angular correlations in medical imaging
Authors: Olshanoski K. , Nkuba L. , Dang N.P. , Fukuchi T. , Kanda H. , Lugendo I.J. , Vijay Sai K. , Ranagacharyulu C.
Published: May 2023

In recent decades, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) have become workhorses of molecular imaging. The main drawback of these modalities is that they resort to statistical methods of image reconstruction, as the location of the individual nuclei emitting radiation is not accessible. To remedy this situation, we embarked on a project to introduce a new modality of nuclear medical imaging which exploits the non-collinear angular correlations of nuclear gamma-ray cascades subsequent to beta decays. This modality, if effective, determines the location of each decay nucleus. We have retrofitted the small animal PET assembly of RIKEN-Kobe (Japan) with tungsten+PLA (polylactic acid) collimators. The chosen material is inexpensive, amenable to three-dimensional (3D) printing, and has good photon attenuation properties. We included the collimator geometry in GATE (Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission) simulations and developed algorithms for image reconstruction with medical isotope candidates viz., 111In and 43K. Our preliminary simulations show that data acquisition with a 2 MBq source for 900 s is sufficient to reproduce the source geometry with high resolution. This report summarizes our progress to date and the plans for the near future.
Continuity of robustness measures in quantum resource theories
Authors: Schluck Jonathan , Murta Gláucia , Kampermann Hermann , Bruß Dagmar , Wyderka Nikolai
Published: May 2023

Robustness measures are increasingly prominent resource quantifiers that have been introduced for quantum resource theories such as entanglement and coherence. Despite the generality of these measures, their usefulness is hindered by the fact that some of their mathematical properties remain unclear, especially when the set of resource-free states is non-convex. In this paper, we investigate continuity properties of different robustness functions. We show that their continuity depends on the shape of the set of free states. In particular, we demonstrate that in many cases, star-convexity is sufficient for Lipschitz-continuity of the robustness, and we provide specific examples of sets leading to non-continuous measures. Finally, we illustrate the applicability of our results by defining a robustness of teleportability and of quantum discord.
A short note on simplicial stratifications
Authors: Wrazidlo Dominik
Published: May 2023

We show that the simplicial stratification associated to a triangulation of a PL pseudomanifold possesses a canonical system of trivializations of link bundles that satisfies a natural compatibility condition over nested singular strata. Consequently, Agustín Vicente and Fernández de Bobadilla’s generalization of Banagl’s intersection space construction is applicable to all PL pseudomanifolds (and in particular, to all complex algebraic varieties).
Synchronization of Arabidopsis flowering time and vegetative growth stage via FT overexpression can reveal inherent heterosis due to heterozygosity in intraspecific hybrids
Authors: Yamaguchi Takafumi , Sugi Naoya , Nojima Yukiko , Entani Tetsuyuki , Shiba Hiroshi
Published: May 2023

Intraspecific hybrids of Arabidopsis sometimes display heterosis. However, allelic variation of flowering repressor genes causes late flowering in F1, which might distort the potential heterosis effect due to prolonged vegetative growth. Here, overexpression of flowering gene FT synchronized flowering and eliminated growth differentials between parental and F1. These findings indicate the possibility of quantitatively demonstrating the inherent heterosis caused by heterozygosity.
Impact of total ischaemic time and disease severity class on graft function after bilateral lung transplantation
Authors: Aburahma Khalil , de Manna Nunzio D , Boethig Dietmar , Franz Maximilian , Iablonskii Pavel , Heise Emma L , Bobylev Dmitry , Avsar Murat , Greer Mark , Schwerk Nicolaus , Sommer Wiebke , Welte Tobias , Haverich Axel , Warnecke Gregor , Kuehn Christian , Salman Jawad , Ius Fabio
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES

Total ischaemic time (IT) is considered a limiting factor in lung transplantation. In this retrospective study, we investigate effects of IT and disease burden on outcomes after bilateral lung transplantation.

METHODS

A total of 1298 patients undergoing bilateral lung transplantation between January 2010 and May 2022 (follow-up 100%, median 54 months) were included. Pre-transplant diseases’ severity (recipient body mass index, recipient age, previous lung transplantation, Tacrolimus immunosuppression, preoperative recipient extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, lung volume reduction) for graft failure was individually calculated and—as IT—categorized. Vice versa adjusted Cox models were calculated. Considering competing risks, we assessed cumulative incidences of airway obstructive complications and chronic lung allograft dysfunction with death as competing risk factors for primary graft dysfunction were assessed by binary logistic regression.

RESULTS

Higher disease burden significantly accelerated chronic lung allograft dysfunction and death occurrence (P < 0.001); IT did not. IT-adjusted disease burden strata showed 50% graft survival differences at 11 years after transplantation (range 24–74%), disease burden-adjusted IT strata 18% for all and 6% (54–60%) among those above 7 h. All significant primary graft dysfunction risk factors were diagnoses related, IT was not significantly important and odds ratios did not increase with IT.

CONCLUSIONS

The eventual graft survival disadvantage that results from an IT between 7 and at least 11 h is negligible in contrast to frequent recipients’ disease-based risk levels.
A new mouse model of ATR-X syndrome carrying a common patient mutation exhibits neurological and morphological defects
Authors: Tillotson Rebekah , Yan Keqin , Ruston Julie , DeYoung Taylor , Córdova Alex , Turcotte-Cardin Valérie , Yee Yohan , Taylor Christine , Visuvanathan Shagana , Babbs Christian , Ivakine Evgueni A , Sled John G , Nieman Brian J , Picketts David J , Justice Monica J
Published: May 2023

ATRX is a chromatin remodelling ATPase that is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA damage repair and heterochromatin maintenance. It has been widely studied for its role in ALT-positive cancers, but its role in neurological function remains elusive. Hypomorphic mutations in the X-linked ATRX gene cause a rare form of intellectual disability combined with alpha-thalassemia called ATR-X syndrome in hemizygous males. Clinical features also include facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, short stature, musculoskeletal defects and genital abnormalities. As complete deletion of ATRX in mice results in early embryonic lethality, the field has largely relied on conditional knockout models to assess the role of ATRX in multiple tissues. Given that null alleles are not found in patients, a more patient-relevant model was needed. Here, we have produced and characterized the first patient mutation knock-in model of ATR-X syndrome, carrying the most common causative mutation, R246C. This is one of a cluster of missense mutations located in the chromatin-binding domain and disrupts its function. The knock-in mice recapitulate several aspects of the patient disorder, including craniofacial defects, microcephaly, reduced body size and impaired neurological function. They provide a powerful model for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ATR-X syndrome and testing potential therapeutic strategies.
The Diagnostic Value of Circulating miR-29 Family for Digestive System Malignancies: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zou Shuhui , Chen Fei , Zhang Liqin , Liu Cong , Chen Huamin
Published: May 2023

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic value of circulating microRNA-29 (miR-29) in digestive system malignant neoplasms by meta-analysis.

Methods

We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to collect studies, published through September 2022, on the diagnostic value of miR-29 in digestive system tumors.

Results

We included 7 studies in this meta-analysis, including colorectal cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, and cholangiocarcinoma. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.64 (95% CI, 0.53–0.74), 0.83 (0.60–0.94), 3.75 (1.42–9.91), 0.44 (0.31–0.61), and 8.63 (2.54–29.26), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.75. The sensitivity of miR-29 derived from serum was higher than that of miR-29 derived from plasma for malignant digestive system tumors (0.71 vs 0.54; P = .04).

Conclusion

This meta-analysis suggests that the circulating miR-29 family has good diagnostic performance for digestive system malignant tumors, with moderate sensitivity and good specificity.
Active galactic nucleus jet feedback in hydrostatic haloes
Authors: Weinberger Rainer , Su Kung-Yi , Ehlert Kristian , Pfrommer Christoph , Hernquist Lars , Bryan Greg L , Springel Volker , Li Yuan , Burkhart Blakesley , Choi Ena , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André
Published: May 2023

Feedback driven by jets from active galactic nuclei is believed to be responsible for reducing cooling flows in cool-core galaxy clusters. We use simulations to model feedback from hydrodynamic jets in isolated haloes. While the jet propagation converges only after the diameter of the jet is well resolved, reliable predictions about the effects these jets have on the cooling time distribution function only require resolutions sufficient to keep the jet-inflated cavities stable. Comparing different model variations, as well as an independent jet model using a different hydrodynamics code, we show that the dominant uncertainties are the choices of jet properties within a given model. Independent of implementation, we find that light, thermal jets with low momentum flux tend to delay the onset of a cooling flow more efficiently on a 50 Myr time-scale than heavy, kinetic jets. The delay of the cooling flow originates from a displacement and boost in entropy of the central gas. If the jet kinetic luminosity depends on accretion rate, collimated, light, hydrodynamic jets are able to reduce cooling flows in haloes, without a need for jet precession or wide opening angles. Comparing the jet feedback with a ‘kinetic wind’ implementation shows that equal amounts of star formation rate reduction can be achieved by different interactions with the halo gas: the jet has a larger effect on the hot halo gas while leaving the denser, star-forming phase in place, while the wind acts more locally on the star-forming phase, which manifests itself in different time-variability properties.
The role of the drag force in the gravitational stability of dusty planet-forming disc – II. Numerical simulations
Authors: Longarini Cristiano , Armitage Philip J , Lodato Giuseppe , Price Daniel J , Ceppi Simone
Published: May 2023

Young protostellar discs are likely to be both self-gravitating, and to support grain growth to sizes where the particles decoupled from the gas. This combination could lead to short-wavelength fragmentation of the solid component in otherwise non-fragmenting gas discs, forming Earth-mass solid cores during the Class 0/I stages of young stellar object evolution. We use three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of two-fluid discs, in the regime where the Stokes number of the particles St > 1, to study how the formation of solid clumps depends on the disc-to-star mass ratio, the strength of gravitational instability, and the Stokes number. Gravitational instability of the simulated discs is sustained by local cooling. We find that the ability of the spiral structures to concentrate solids increases with the cooling time and decreases with the Stokes number, while the relative dynamical temperature between gas and dust of the particles decreases with the cooling time and the disc-to-star mass ratio and increases with the Stokes number. Dust collapse occurs in a subset of high disc mass simulations, yielding clumps whose mass is close to linear theory estimates, namely 1–10 M⊕. Our results suggest that if planet formation occurs via this mechanism, the best conditions correspond to near the end of the self-gravitating phase, when the cooling time is long and the Stokes number close to unity.
Conservation of the Restricted Expression of Brassicaceae Bsister-Like Genes in Seeds Requires a Transposable Element in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Roessner Clemens , Bhide Amey S , Hoffmeier Andrea , Schenk Julian , Groß Thomas , Gramzow Lydia , Theißen Günter , Becker Annette
Published: May 2023

Changes in transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) can alter the spatiotemporal expression pattern and transcript abundance of genes. Loss and gain of TFBSs were shown to cause shifts in expression patterns in numerous cases. However, we know little about the evolution of extended regulatory sequences incorporating many TFBSs. We compare, across the crucifers (Brassicaceae, cabbage family), the sequences between the translated regions of Arabidopsis Bsister (ABS)-like MADS-box genes (including paralogous GOA-like genes) and the next gene upstream, as an example of family-wide evolution of putative upstream regulatory regions (PURRs). ABS-like genes are essential for integument development of ovules and endothelium formation in seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana. A combination of motif-based gene ontology enrichment and reporter gene analysis using A. thaliana as common trans-regulatory environment allows analysis of selected Brassicaceae Bsister gene PURRs. Comparison of TFBS of transcriptionally active ABS-like genes with those of transcriptionally largely inactive GOA-like genes shows that the number of in silico predicted TFBS) is similar between paralogs, emphasizing the importance of experimental verification for in silico characterization of TFBS activity and analysis of their evolution. Further, our data show highly conserved expression of Brassicaceae ABS-like genes almost exclusively in the chalazal region of ovules. The Arabidopsis-specific insertion of a transposable element (TE) into the ABS PURRs is required for stabilizing this spatially restricted expression, while other Brassicaceae achieve chalaza-specific expression without TE insertion. We hypothesize that the chalaza-specific expression of ABS is regulated by cis-regulatory elements provided by the TE.
Treatment of Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: Recent Advances, Unmet Needs, and Future Direction
Authors: Wang Tzu-Fei , Khorana Alok A , Agnelli Giancarlo , Bloomfield Dan , Bonaca Marc P , Büller Harry R , Connors Jean M , Goto Shinya , Jing Zhi-Cheng , Kakkar Ajay K , Khder Yasser , Raskob Gary E , Soff Gerald A , Verhamme Peter , Weitz Jeffrey I , Carrier Marc
Published: May 2023

Cancer-associated thrombosis, with the incidence rising over the years, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Recent advances in the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) include the introduction of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), which provide a more convenient and effective option than low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). Nonetheless, important unmet needs remain including an increased risk of bleeding in certain patient subgroups such as those with gastroesophageal cancer, concerns about drug-drug interactions, and management of patients with severe renal impairment. Although DOACs are more convenient than LMWH, persistence can decline over time. Factor XI inhibitors have potential safety advantages over DOACs because factor XI appears to be essential for thrombosis but not hemostasis. In phase II trials, some factor XI inhibitors were superior to enoxaparin for the prevention of VTE after knee replacement surgery without increasing the risk of bleeding. Ongoing trials are assessing the efficacy and safety of factor XI inhibitors for the treatment of cancer-associated VTE.
The missing links of research impact
Authors: Budtz Pedersen David , Hvidtfeldt Rolf
Published: May 2023

In this article, we present a conceptual framework for studying research impact focusing on the foundations that need to be in place to accelerate an observable change of policy, practice or behaviour. The article investigates the relationship between micro-impacts and societal change, and how smaller impacts scale into larger cascades of end effects and value creation. We define micro-impacts as interactions and connections where information is exchanged between a researcher or research group and external audiences, stakeholders or co-producers. Micro-impacts are elements in highly complex causal relations between research activities and larger societal macroshifts. We argue that even though these causal relations are complex, micro-impacts are tangible and observable and should be integrated in research evaluations as constitutive elements of causal impact relations leading to larger macroshifts. We suggest a working model for studying micro-impacts and for reflecting on the causality of impacts by drawing on contributions from philosophy of causation. A proper understanding of causation is a prerequisite for eventually understanding and capturing research impact, which itself is a prerequisite for responsible research assessment and planning.