bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los principios de justicia tributaria en la historia constitucional cubana
Authors: Simón Otero Liana
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo, primero, analiza, desde el punto de vista teórico, los principios de justicia tributaria y la necesidad de su regulación constitucional; posteriormente realiza un estudio histórico de la regulación de estos principios en la historia constitucional cubana, recomendando la necesidad de una reforma constitucional que legitime el actual sistema tributario.
El efecto horizontal del derecho a la protección de datos personales en México
Authors: López Sánchez Rogelio
Published: January 2020

Este trabajo explora el derecho a la protección de datos personales en posesión de particulares en México, a raíz de la nueva legislación denominada: Ley Federal de Protección de Datos Personales en Posesión de Particulares (LFPD), a partir de la doctrina comparada y el derecho internacional de los Derechos Humanos. México es uno de los países donde la protección de datos es una de las asignaturas pendientes con mayor demanda de parte de la ciudadanía. Esto ha sido motivo de un debate nacional prolongado y una dura crítica de parte de organismos internacionales que habían denunciado la ausencia en nuestro país de recursos efectivos, sencillos e idóneos para tutelar el derecho a la intimidad ante las vulneraciones de particulares (Drittwirkung). En este sentido, lo que buscamos es demostrar que los motivos inspiradores de la LFPD, tuvieron como objetivo la máxima protección en favor de la persona (pro homine), el derecho a la intimidad y privacidad, de acuerdo a los principios del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos.
El principio constitucional de justicia e igualdad real y la acción afirmativa
Authors: Granados Boza Víctor
Published: January 2020

El principio constitucional de justicia e igualdad real en los Estados constitucionales de derechos, plantea la controversia de su aplicación en contextos en donde las condiciones son de desigualdad y discriminación estructural, para ello es necesario que desde el ordenamiento jurídico se creen alternativas que garanticen la igualdad sustancial y el derecho a la diferencia. Para ello, en la Constitución del Ecuador de 2008 se integran figuras como la acción afirmativa, la política de restitución y la compensación a las brechas e injusticias sociales; sin embargo, es necesario analizar si sus resultados alcanzan los objetivos previstos o se reducen a tratos diferenciales de grupos sociales tradicionalmente excluidos.
El principio pro persona: la fórmula del mejor derecho
Authors: Mata Quintero Gerardo
Published: January 2020

en este trabajo se parte de considerar al principio pro persona como una cláusula constitucional preferente que, sin embargo, no ha sido tomada lo suficientemente en serio por la jurisprudencia constitucional ni por la doctrina, pues no se trata de una invocación de lo más favorable, benéfico o maximizador, como si fuere algo evidente o intuitivo y, por tanto, carente de cualquier valoración. Desde una visión garantista del derecho, tomarse en serio el principio pro persona implica realizar un ejercicio argumentativo que responda a las preguntas: favorable, ¿para quién?, o, ¿cómo se determina si tal o cual disposición normativa o interpretación es la que favorece a la persona? Así, se propone un entendimiento estructural del principio pro persona que comprende sus sentidos, directrices, dimensiones, elementos, criterios y objetos, en torno a su significado: favorecer la protección de las personas.
Quantum algorithms and lower bounds for convex optimization
Authors: Chakrabarti Shouvanik , Childs Andrew M. , Li Tongyang , Wu Xiaodi
Published: January 2020

While recent work suggests that quantum computers can speed up the solution of semidefinite programs, little is known about the quantum complexity of more general convex optimization. We present a quantum algorithm that can optimize a convex function over an n-dimensional convex body using O~(n) queries to oracles that evaluate the objective function and determine membership in the convex body. This represents a quadratic improvement over the best-known classical algorithm. We also study limitations on the power of quantum computers for general convex optimization, showing that it requires Ω~(n) evaluation queries and Ω(n) membership queries.
From estimation of quantum probabilities to simulation of quantum circuits
Authors: Pashayan Hakop , Bartlett Stephen D. , Gross David
Published: January 2020

Investigating the classical simulability of quantum circuits provides a promising avenue towards understanding the computational power of quantum systems. Whether a class of quantum circuits can be efficiently simulated with a probabilistic classical computer, or is provably hard to simulate, depends quite critically on the precise notion of ``classical simulation'' and in particular on the required accuracy. We argue that a notion of classical simulation, which we call EPSILON-simulation (orϵ-simulation for short), captures the essence of possessing ``equivalent computational power'' as the quantum system it simulates: It is statistically impossible to distinguish an agent with access to anϵ-simulator from one possessing the simulated quantum system. We relateϵ-simulation to various alternative notions of simulation predominantly focusing on a simulator we call apoly-box. A poly-box outputs1/polyprecision additive estimates of Born probabilities and marginals. This notion of simulation has gained prominence through a number of recent simulability results. Accepting some plausible computational theoretic assumptions, we show thatϵ-simulation is strictly stronger than a poly-box by showing that IQP circuits and unconditioned magic-state injected Clifford circuits are both hard toϵ-simulate and yet admit a poly-box. In contrast, we also show that these two notions are equivalent under an additional assumption on the sparsity of the output distribution (poly-sparsity).
O problema da matriz: A herança hegeliana no fim da arte proposto por Arthur Danto
Authors: Kangussu Imaculada
Published: January 2020

Esse artigo é uma réplica ao texto de Rodrigo Duarte intitulado “Do ‘sistema das artes’ à ambiência pós-histórica: itinerários da estética contemporânea”.
Adorno contra Heidegger: ontologia coercitiva da obra de arte
Authors: Barros Fernando
Published: January 2020

O propósito geral do texto que se segue é analisar, a partir das interpretações de Adorno e Heidegger, o modo como concebem a ideia de arte e, em especial, o papel que a ontologia exerce em tal contexto. Ao passar em revista os pontos divergentes dessas duas visões acerca da atividade artística, torna-se possível avaliar o sentido e o alcance de seus respectivos projetos filosóficos.
A arte da crítica: Conversa entre um ator japonês e um crítico brasileiro
Authors: Pessoa Patrick
Published: January 2020

Este diálogo filosófico entre um ator japonês e um crítico teatral brasileiro incorpora à sua própria forma a tese de fundo defendida pelo crítico brasileiro: a de que a crítica teatral é uma forma de arte.
Atitude científica e pensamento estético em Freud
Authors: Iannini Gilson
Published: January 2020

O artigo procura intepretar o pensamento de Freud como uma peculiar coabitação de duas vertentes aparentemente heterogêneas: a escrita científica, com seus protocolos, e a escrita literária, com seus procedimentos próprios.
Corporate social responsibility and earnings management: A literature review
Authors: Velte Patrick
Published: January 2020

This paper provides insight to whether Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and earnings management are connected. Based on the agency- and stewardship theory the author conducts a literature review and evaluates the empirical results with regard to the CSR-earnings management and the earnings management-CSR link. In this context, CSR reporting and CSR performance are focused as CSR measures. The results of the 33 studies indicate that the majority of the research relies on the CSR-earnings management link, on the US-American capital market and on CSR performance measures. Most of these studies indicate that CSR relates to decreased earnings management in line with the stewardship theory. However, also other results exist on the CSR earnings management link. Research on the earnings management-CSR relationship is of low validity so far in view of the low amount. Comparability of recent research on that topic is in particular limited in view of the heterogeneous CSR and earnings management variables and the endogeneity concerns. Future research is encouraged to address endogeneity tests, include country-specific effects and increase the validity of CSR and earnings management variables. As CSR performance and reporting can have a major impact on earnings quality, the author recommends firms to search for opportunities to make their CSR activities more comprehensive by expanding their CSR reporting and thus providing deeper insights on their CSR performance in line with stakeholders’ interests. The paper is the first literature review on the CSR-earnings management and earnings management-CSR relationship so far. The author explains the main CSR and earnings management variables that have been included in prior empirical research, stresses the limitations of the studies and gives useful recommendations for future research, practice and regulators
Konkurencyjność krajów Unii Europejskiej w handlu zagranicznym produktami wołowymi
Authors: Pasińska Dorota
Published: January 2020

Głównym celem artykułu jest próba oceny konkurencyjności krajów Unii Europejskiej w handlu zagranicznym produktami wołowymi w 2017 r. w porównaniu z 2005 r. Realizując cel opracowania wykorzystano analizę porównawczą wartości eksportu, importu, sald handlu zagranicznego produktami wołowymi, wskaźnika ujawnionej przewagi komparatywnej RCA, wskaźnika przewag komparatywnych Lafaya oraz wskaźnika Grubela-Llyoda. W 2005 r. i w 2017 r. następujące kraje posiadały przewagę komparatywną w handlu produktami wołowymi: Austria, Francja, Irlandia, Luksemburg oraz Polska, a przewagi komparatywnej nie posiadały: Bułgaria, Cypr, Dania, Finlandia, Grecja, Włochy, Malta, Hiszpania, Szwecja, Portugalia i Wielka Brytania. W 2017 r. większość krajów UE realizowała model handlu wewnątrzgałęziowego. W 2017 r. w porównaniu do 2005 r. niektóre kraje UE zmieniły model realizowanego handlu z międzygałęziowego na wewnątrzgałęziowy lub odwrotnie. W 2017 r. Polska zajmowała piątą pozycję wśród największych eksporterów produktów wołowych w UE, a udział produktów wołowych zaimportowanych do Polski w przywozie produktów wołowych krajów UE był bardzo niski (i wynosił ok. 1%).
New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries
Authors: Trojak Mariusz , Kiełbasa Barbara , Popa Daniela , Sargo Aliona
Published: January 2020

Economic literature pays a great deal of attention to economic and financial efficiency, expressed in terms of competition, concentration, productivity and profitability. This paper provides an all-embracing framework for the various existing theories in this area and illustrates these theories with practical applications. Currently, changing the size of the production potential in agricultural units in the Republic of Moldova depends to a great extent on the influence of different trends in the modification of production resources: the reduction of labor resources and agricultural land, quantitative and qualitative changes in fixed assets, and in current assets, etc. The notion of resource potential means the totality of the volume of all resources (natural, labor, material, intellectual, information, etc.) on specific enterprises, territories, branches, regions. Evaluating a broad field of research, the paper describes profit maximizing food products and demonstrates how several widely-used products can be fit into this framework. The authors also present an overview of the current major trends in the food sector and relate them to the assumptions for food products, thereby displaying their relevance and timeliness. The results include a set of recommendations for future research on this topic. The design, methodology and approach of this research is to explain why efficiency can help obtain a profit surplus, and to measure this efficiency. For quality of methodology we apply a range of statistical methods, as well as the strategic capability of organisations – made up of resources and competences. One way to approach the stategic capability of an organisation is to consider its strengths and weaknesses (for example, where it has a competitive advantage, profit, efficiency or disadvantage). Based on our research and results, we sought to understand the concepts of financial effciency and to apply these concepts to practical situations. At the start of each analysis entrepreneurship plays an important role. Most organisations have to innovate constantly to obtain profit and efficiency for food products. They need to be first into a market, or simply a follower of customers in developing new products and services. Original studies in Moldova and Poland regarding farm concentration in terms of Gini Coefficient, Gini Index and Concentration Index of the utilized agricultural area. Original calculus formula to determine the Concentration Index of the UAA for the top 10% largest farms in Moldova and UK.
Rational red blood cells administration - have we achieved a satisfactory level?
Authors: Lukic Vojislav , Zivotic Biljana , Vasiljevic Branislava , Sabani Almira , Bogdanovic Gradimir , Kovac Mirjana
Published: January 2020

Introduction. The important indicators of the quality of work in blood transfusion banks and health care facilities in general is the ratio of the cross-matched red blood cell (RBC) units, and the number of transfused RBC, known as cross-match to transfusion ratio (C:T). The objective of this research was to provide an assessment of the quality of our work in a cross-sectional study, showing C:T ratios for certain areas of surgery or particular surgical indications. Methods. We analyzed the data related to the activities of the Department for Pre-Transfusion Testing and Blood Distribution at the Blood Transfusion Institute of Serbia during the September and November of 2017 period. In total, 341 patients were included in the study, for whom 1,067 RBC units were requested. Results. In pre-transfusion testing, 562 units were cross-matched and 249 units were transfused. The overall C:T ratio was 2.25. There are variations in C:T by departments. For the departments of abdominal surgery and reanimation, where uncrossmatched RBC units were requested, C:T was < 2. Other departments had C:T > 3 for almost all therapeutic areas. Conclusion. Our results show that the C:T ratio ranged 2.02?3.6, indicating the need to reevaluate the protocols based on which the blood is requested according to individual indications, to adequately prepare patients for surgery in order to reduce the risk of possible allogeneic transfusion, and to apply Patient Blood Management protocols, which include the use of alternatives to allogeneic blood transfusion.
Structural parameters study on stainless-steel flat-tube heat exchangers with corrugated fins
Authors: Gao Guifeng , Wang Fei , Cui Yongzhang
Published: January 2020

A stainless steel corrugated fins and flat-tube heat exchanger is designed, which has a plate-fin structure. To optimize the structural parameters of this exchanger, including corrugation angle, corrugation pitch and fin length, 3-D simulation model and test were proposed. The numerical results indicated that the corrugation angle significantly affects both on heat transfer performance and pressure drop. The fin with angle, A = 0~20?, have demonstrated the higher heat transfer efficiency, lesser gas condensation, lower pressure drop, higher outlet flue gas temperature in low T region, and no exceeding the distortion temperature in high T region. Corrugation pitch and fin length influence thermal and hydraulic characteristics, outlet flue gas temperature, and fin temperature. To improve heat transfer performance, and reduce the fin temperature in high T region and ease gas condensation in low T region, smaller corrugation pitch and shorter fin length were recommended in the low T region, whereas higher values were more reasonable in high T region. Noticeably, the heat transfer and flow characteristics were better in the high T region than the low T region. Therefore, higher priority should be given to the structural optimization in the high T region in order to in-crease the heat transfer enhancement
EFFECTS OF DIETS WITH DIFFERENT PROTEIN LEVEL FOR COBIA (Rachycentron canadum) GROWTH IN CONTROLLED TANK
Authors: Setianingsih Lulus , Santoso Limin , Saputra Suryadi
Published: January 2020

The feed given to cobia’s juvennile (Rachycentron canadum) still uses expensive factory-made feed to be the basis of this research. This aims of this research to examine the effect of feed formula with different protein levels on optimal growth cobia. This research method  used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and three replications. The treatment in this study were different protein level commercial feed (as control/46%), and formula feed (protein P1 46% and P2 protein 48%). The parameters tested included absolute weight, daily growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein retention, and survival rate. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued with the duncan test with a 95% confidence interval. The results showed that the growth of absolute weight and daily growth rates generated from each treatment were significantly different (p <0.05), K (80.30 ± 11.20c g and 1.78 ± 0.25c g/day), P1 (21.87 ± 1.95a g and 0.49 ± 0.05a g/day), P2 (37.43 ± 3.29b g and 0.83 ± 0.07b g/day).
Au-delà de l’IMC : étude de faisabilité de la mise en oeuvre de NutriSTEP dans les établissements de soins primaires au moyen des dossiers médicaux électroniques (DME)
Authors: Andrade Lesley , Moran Kathy , Snelling Susan J. , Malaviarachchi Darshaka , Beyers Joanne , Near Kelsie , Randall Simpson Janis
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Les fournisseurs de soins primaires ont un rôle à jouer dans l’acquisition de saines habitudes alimentaires, en particulier au cours des premières années de vie. Cette étude porte sur la faisabilité de l’intégration de NutriSTEP® – un outil valide de dépistage des risques nutritionnels en 17 points chez les tout‑petits et les enfants d’âge préscolaire – au dossier médical électronique (DME) dans les établissements de soins primaires de l’Ontario (Canada), afin d’éclairer la prise de décisions en matière de soins primaires et la surveillance en santé publique.

Méthodologie

Cinq établissements de soins primaires ont intégré, au moyen d’un questionnaire normalisé, le programme de dépistage NutriSTEP au DME. Afin de comprendre les expériences vécues par les professionnels en la matière et d’évaluer les facteurs associés à la réussite de l’implantation de NutriSTEP, nous avons mené des entrevues semi‑dirigées de nature qualitative auprès des fournisseurs de soins primaires connaissant le mieux les détails de sa mise en oeuvre dans leur établissement. Nous avons évalué la qualité des données extraites des DME en déterminant le nombre de questionnaires de dépistage NutriSTEP dûment remplis et avons consigné les mesures de croissance des enfants.

Résultats

Les établissements de soins primaires ont mis en oeuvre le questionnaire de dépistage NutriSTEP dans le cadre de diverses rencontres cliniques périodiques, avec des processus de collecte de données variables selon l’établissement. Des données de dépistage NutriSTEP valides ont été recueillies dans les DME de 80 % des établissements de soins primaires. Dans près de 90 % de ces dossiers, le questionnaire avait été entièrement rempli et 70 % des dossiers comportaient à la fois un questionnaire de dépistage NutriSTEP valide complet et des mesures de croissance valides.

Conclusion

Il est possible d’intégrer NutriSTEP dans les établissements de soins primaires sous la forme d’un questionnaire normalisé dans le DME, même si, dans notre étude, la façon dont NutriSTEP avait été mis en oeuvre variait selon les établissements. L’utilisation, dans le cadre d’un système de surveillance global du poids santé des enfants, du questionnaire de dépistage NutriSTEP intégré au DME mérite d’être étudiée davantage.
Adoption d’un règlement municipal pour obliger les moins de 18 ans à porter un casque à vélo : effet sur la pratique du vélo et le port du casque
Authors: Maurice Aurélie , Lavoie Michel , Hamel Denis , Riva Mylène
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Le port du casque à vélo est reconnu comme étant une mesure efficace pour prévenir les traumatismes crâniens chez les cyclistes. Plusieurs pays ont légiféré pour rendre obligatoire le port du casque, mais ce type de mesure est contesté, de crainte qu’elle ait pour effet de réduire la pratique du vélo, en particulier chez les adolescents. La municipalité de Sherbrooke a adopté en 2011 un règlement rendant obligatoire le port du casque à vélo pour les mineurs. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer l’effet de ce règlement sur la pratique du vélo et sur le port du casque à vélo.

Méthodologie

L’effet du règlement a été évalué en comparant l’évolution de la pratique du vélo et du port du casque à vélo avant et après sa promulgation, chez les jeunes âgés de 12 à 17 ans de la région de Sherbrooke (n = 248) et de trois régions témoins (n = 767), au moyen d’analyses de régression logistique.

Résultats

La pratique du vélo est demeurée stable dans la région de Sherbrooke (passant de 49,9 % à 53,8 %) alors qu’elle a diminué dans les régions témoins (passant de 59,1 % à 46,3 %). Cette évolution différente fait que la pratique du vélo s’est révélée plus importante dans la région de Sherbrooke après la promulgation du règlement comparativement aux régions témoins (rapport de cotes [RC] du terme d’interaction : 2,32; intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 % : 1,01 à 5,35). Quant au port du casque à vélo, une tendance à la hausse, non statistiquement significative, a été observée dans la région de Sherbrooke (passant de 43,5 % à 60,6 %), alors qu’il est demeuré stable dans les régions témoins (passant de 41,5 % à 41,9 %). Aucune différence significative n’est observée dans l’évolution du port du casque à vélo entre les deux groupes (RC du terme d’interaction : 2,70; IC à 95 % : 0,67 à 10,83).

Conclusion

Après la promulgation du règlement, chez les jeunes âgés de 12 à 17 ans de la région de Sherbrooke, la pratique du vélo est demeurée stable et le port du casque à vélo a augmenté, mais de façon non significative.
Investigation of Additional Mass Effect on Dynamic Wing Model Stability in Airflow
Authors: Naumov A. M.
Published: January 2020

The paper investigates a dynamic stability of the wing model in the flow of incoming air. As is known, at a certain flow rate, called critical, there occurs a phenomenon of self-excited non-damping flexural-and-torsional self-vibrations, called flutters. The paper considers an anti-flutter approach that is the placement of additional weight on the elastic elements (springs) in the wing model. Thus, a three-stage wing model is under consideration while the publications concerning this problem more often describe a two-stage wing model. The paper is a natural sequel to the authors’ first paper [9] where a two-stage wing model was considered in detail. It continues and develops research in this area, conducted by many famous scientists, such as V.L. Biderman, S.P. Strelkov, Ya.G. Panovko, I.I. Gubanova, E.P. Grossman, J.C. Fyn and many others who have investigated this phenomenon. It is also necessary to mention the scientists, namely Keldysh M.V., Reese P.M., Parkhomovsky Y. M., etc. who not only studied this phenomenon, but developed anti-flutter methods for it.

It should be noted that not only scientists-theoreticians, but also test pilots, in particular M.L. Gallay [8], contributed to the solution of the flutter problem.

 The paper describes in detail a derivation of the linear differential equations of small vibrations of a wing model with additional weight in the flow, determines the eigenfrequencies and forms of flexural-and-torsional vibrations, checks their orthogonality, explores the forced vibrations under aerodynamic force and moment, and estimates a critical flow rate for a number of system parameters, namely a mass of the additional weight and the rigidity of its suspension. The conclusion is drawn that these parameters effect on the critical rate. Based on the calculation results, one can come to the conclusion on the additional weight effect on the critical flutter speed and on how relevant the anti-flutter method is. The given paper may be of interest both for students of technical specialties who learn the theory of mechanical vibrations, and for engineers majoring in aero-elasticity and dynamic stability of the elements of mechanical systems.
The role of financial literacy in retirement investment choice
Authors: Nguyen Thi Anh Nhu , Polách Jiří , Vozňáková Iveta
Published: January 2020

Research background: Preparation for retirement is a major concern for the people in the workforce as they have to encounter considerable difficulties in making the right investment decisions for their retirement.
Purpose of the article: This research extends the literature on personal finance by investigating the impact of both financial literacy levels and pension knowledge on employees? investment choice decision for their retirement, while in previous literature the role of these factors has mainly been explored separately. 
Methods: To conduct the research, a survey questionnaire was applied to collect data in three main regions of Vietnam comprising Northern, Central and Southern Vietnam. Data collection was made in 2018, in which 427 valid questionnaires were used for data analysis from 700 questionnaires. Two estimation methods are employed for analysis in this study, including a linear probability model (LPM) and two-stage least squares (2SLS) model. The findings of this research remain significant after the Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression model is used as an estimation technique to eliminate potential bias caused by endogenous problems.
Finding & Value added: The results show that basic financial literacy level and pension knowledge are principal factors which significantly increase the probability of exercising retirement investment choice of employees, while advanced financial literacy level factor has a significant effect on choosing growth investing options for their retirement. Further, this research finds that there is no correlation between employees? financial risk tolerance and their retirement investment choice. Furthermore, the study proposes and offers new evidence that pension knowledge is a decisive factor providing employees with encouragement to exercise retirement investment choice and those who consult with financial advisors tend to take part in growth investing option.
Measuring active ageing within the European Union: implications on economic development
Authors: Thalassinos Eleftherios , Cristea Mirela , Noja Gratiela Georgiana
Published: January 2020

Research background: The ageing phenomenon undermines the stability and equilibrium of the labour market and it affects the economic development of countries, as well as the welfare of older people aged over 65 years.
Purpose of the article: Against this background, our research is conducted to assess the specific ways in which active ageing (measured through the active ageing index ? AAI), correlated with other economic and labour market credentials, would impact the economic development of EU Member States.
Methods: The research methodology consists of two econometric procedures, namely (i) cluster analysis performed on EU?28 countries to configure congruent groups according to similar features of the active ageing (measured through the Active Ageing Index ? AAI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) levels, respectively (ii) panel data analysis, applied distinctly on two panels, EU?15 (old) and EU?13 (new), relying on four macro-econometric models (robust regression, panel corrected standard errors, spatial lag and spatial error), in order to test the direct influences of AAI and other economic and social selected variables on economic development. The analysis is made for the 2010?2018 lapse of time, by capturing all the available data for the AAI as reported by the European Commission.
Findings & Value added: The results highlight important dissimilarities between the EU countries that require a rethinking of policies for the active ageing population support. Thereby, constant policy rethinking, adequate strategies, measures and tools for the active ageing population support become outlier keystones that entail a successful integration of the older people within all life dimensions.
The impact of research and development activity on the TFP level in manufacturing in Poland
Authors: Roszko-Wójtowicz Elżbieta , Grzelak Maria M. , Laskowska Iwona
Published: January 2020

Research background: The paper presents the issue of total factor productivity in the manufacturing industry in Poland. It has been assumed that total factor productivity (TFP) is a synthetic measure of efficiency of the production process and a measure of the impact of technical progress on the rate of economic growth. Purpose of the article: The main aim of the paper is to assess the differentiation in the level of total factor productivity (TFP) occurring among the Section C manufacturing divisions in Poland. In particular, the paper raises the issue of measuring and analysing the relationship between expenditure on research and development and the level of TFP in manufacturing divisions in Poland. Methods: In the presented research, the TFP level was determined by using the two-factor Cobb-Douglas production function, while econometric panel models were used to assess the studied relationship. Findings & Value added: The presented considerations show that manufacturing divisions in Poland are diversified in terms of total factor productivity. Generally, manufacturing divisions with high R&D intensity, i.e. divisions classified as so-called high-tech ones, are characterised by a high TFP level. The econometric analysis carried out allows us to conclude that expenditure on R&D incurred in manufacturing enterprises significantly affects the level of TFP.
The application of Kohonen networks for identification of leaders in the trade sector in Czechia
Authors: Vrbka Jaromír , Nica Elvira , Podhorská Ivana
Published: January 2020

Research background: The trade sector is considered to be the power of economy, in developing countries in particular. With regard to the Czech Republic, this field of the national economy constitutes the second most significant employer and, at the same time, the second most significant contributor to GNP. Apart from traditional methods of business analyzing and identifying leaders, artificial neural networks are widely used. These networks have become more popular in the field of economy, although their potential has yet to be fully exploited.
Purpose of the article: The aim of this article is to analyze the trade sector in the Czech Republic using Kohonen networks and to identify the leaders in this field.
Methods: The data set consists of complete financial statements of 11,604 enterprises that engaged in trade activities in the Czech Republic in 2016. The data set is subjected to cluster analysis using Kohonen networks. Individual clusters are subjected to the analysis of absolute indicators and return on equity which, apart from other, shows a special attraction of individual clusters to potential investors. Average and absolute quantities of individual clusters are also analyzed, which means that the most successful clusters of enterprises in the trade sector are indicated.
Findings & Value added: The results show that a relatively small group of enter-prises enormously influences the development of the trade sector, including the whole economy. The results of analyzing 319 enterprises showed that it is possible to predict the future development of the trade sector. Nevertheless, it is also evident that the trade sector did not go well in 2016, which means that investments of owners are minimal.
Controlling as a tool for SME management with an emphasis on innovations in the context of Industry 4.0
Authors: Pisar Premysl , Bilkova Diana
Published: January 2020

Research background: Small and medium-sized businesses are significant economic power and employer in the European Union. The modern globalized world, new technologies, and advanced connectivity bring SMEs a wide range of opportunities, but also threats. Increasing the stability and competitiveness of SMEs is one of the main goals of national governments and the EU. The research is based on personal research in SMEs, its experiences and backward testing of reached results.
Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to analyze the possibilities the potential of using controlling as a managing tool of SMEs for increased competitiveness in the context of Industry 4.0  with an emphasis on innovations.
Methods: The study is based on a detailed analysis of 341 SMEs from the Czech Republic obtained in the years 2017?2019. The data were analyzed using statistical methods such Pearson correlation, stepwise regression for the purpose of determining the relationship between the controlling management system of a company, its innovation potential, level of process maturity, number of employees, internal audit, financial stability and strategic plan. Statistical analysis confirmed the close relationship of the analyzed variables and backwards experimental testing of the statistical analysis conclusions defined critical factors in the area of people in an organization, usage of advanced information systems and Industry 4.0 technologies implementation.
Findings & Value added: Those important areas were determined as essential for the successful development of SMEs, as well as the most significant threats in the Industry 4.0 environment. The information obtained is useful in practice and can be applied to a more in-depth analysis of the issues.  The research findings are showing possible opportunities and treads for SMEs long term stability and development as well as ways to increase enterprise performance based on controlling management system.
Remesas, crecimiento y convergencia regional en México: aproximación con un modelo panel-espacial
Authors: Mendoza González Miguel Ángel , Valdivia López Marcos
Published: January 2020

México recibe flujos de remesas similares, e incluso superiores, a la inversión extranjera directa. El propósito central de este trabajo es analizar empíricamente si dicha fuente de financiamiento externa originada por los migrantes externos constituye un factor para el crecimiento económico regional. Se muestra que las remesas pueden influir en el crecimiento del PIB por habitante regional cuando en el análisis se incorporan la heterogeneidad y dependencia en el espacio. Para modelar el proceso se estudia empíricamente un modelo convencional de convergencia del crecimiento regional bajo métodos econométricos de panel espacial, para el periodo 2001-2010 a nivel estatal.
Crecimiento económico y el sector externo: evidencia de Corea, lecciones para México
Authors: Berasaluce Julen , Romero José
Published: January 2020

Se realiza un análisis empírico del sector externo coreano entre 1980 y 2015 a fin de identificar las potenciales relaciones entre crecimiento económico, exportaciones, importaciones e inversión extranjera directa. Se eligió Corea porque ha sido considerado como una referencia de la hipótesis de crecimiento a partir de las exportaciones, lo que ha justificado políticas de promoción de las mismas en México. Los resultados de nuestro modelo de vectores autorregresivos de cuatro variables sugieren que las exportaciones y la inversión extranjera directa no son las causantes del crecimiento económico coreano. Por lo tanto, deberíamos ser cautelosos antes de emprender políticas que promuevan estas magnitudes como herramientas de potenciación del crecimiento económico.
¿El tipo de vecinos importa? Spillovers de exportación heterogéneos sobre compañías domésticas en México
Authors: Cardoso Vargas Carlos Enrique
Published: January 2020

Se examina si la probabilidad de acceso a nuevos mercados foráneos o el aumento de nuevos productos de exportación de empresas mexicanas se relacionan con la proximidad de distintas multinacionales que exportan bajo distintos esquemas de comercio. Los resultados muestran que los spillovers de exportación distan de ser homogéneos sobre las firmas mexicanas, ya que están relacionados con la actividad exportadora de las empresas extranjeras vecinas. Asimismo, es probable que los spillovers se manifiesten en lugares donde las empresas domésticas y extranjeras compartan no sólo el régimen de comercio para exportar sino también el nivel tecnológico empleado para producir.
El efecto de la incertidumbre en la inversión extranjera directa: el caso de México
Authors: López Noria Gabriela , Zamudio Fernández Juan José
Published: January 2020

Se investiga el efecto de la incertidumbre sobre los flujos de IED hacia el sector manufacturero mexicano durante 2007-2015. Con un panel de subsectores manufactureros estimamos un modelo por GMM en sistema, que incluye factores domésticos y externos, así como medidas de incertidumbre idiosincráticas y agregadas, como variables independientes. También se llevan a cabo simulaciones para evaluar el tamaño del efecto de la incertidumbre sobre la IED. Los resultados muestran que la incertidumbre desalienta a los flujos de IED hacia el sector manufacturero mexicano. Asimismo, se encuentra que la incertidumbre idiosincrática es más importante que la agregada para explicar la IED durante este periodo.
Estudio de la productividad y de la evolución económica en América del Norte. Una perspectiva estructural
Authors: Aroche Reyes Fidel
Published: January 2020

Los ciclos económicos de los países norteamericanos han convergido, en tanto que permanecen las brechas en los ingresos por habitante ya que las remuneraciones factoriales son desiguales. Si América del Norte es un área económica única, las variables deberían converger espontáneamente y, de acuerdo con la teoría del comercio internacional, dado que las tres economías intercambian bienes bajo patrones intraindustrales, la productividad factorial debería ser similar. Este trabajo explora las diferencias en la productividad en los tres países empleando indicadores básicos y el concepto de “sector verticalmente integrado”. Los resultados indican que los sectores son crecientemente interdependientes y que la productividad sigue sendas independientes.
Desigualdad en el ingreso y crecimiento económico de los municipios mexicanos: el efecto natalidad - capital humano
Authors: Charles Coll Jorge Alberto , Mayer Granados Elizabeth Lizeth , Cheín Schekaiban Nazhle Faride
Published: January 2020

En este artículo se contribuye al debate sobre la relación entre la desigualdad en la distribución del ingreso y el crecimiento económico. Para ello se prueba en el contexto de la economía mexicana el modelo de natalidad - capital humano de De la Croix y Doepke (2003), que propone un efecto negativo de la desigualdad en el crecimiento a través de los efectos que la desigualdad ejerce en las tasas de natalidad y la acumulación de capital humano en la economía. El análisis empírico se lleva a cabo con una base de datos desagregada a nivel municipal en un periodo de cinco años (2000-2005). Se encuentra evidencia empírica sobre la validez del modelo.
Fuentes de las fluctuaciones macroeconómicas en Puerto Rico
Authors: Rodriguez Carlos A.
Published: January 2020

Se investiga cuáles son los aspectos macroeconómicos que dan origen a las fluctuaciones económicas en Puerto Rico. Se parte de un sistema macroeconómico, y de acuerdo con los resultados de las funciones impulsos respuesta y de la descomposición de la varianza del error de proyección, la trayectoria del desempleo se ve afectada a corto y largo plazo por los impulsos de oferta local y por los de demanda generados por el Banco de la Reserva Federal de Estados Unidos a través de su instrumento intermedio de política monetaria. Por su parte, la inflación se ve afectada mayormente, tanto a corto como a largo plazo, por los impulsos de demanda externo y por los de demanda local.
Patrones de localización espacial de las manufacturas mexicanas: análisis con la técnica de patrones de puntos espaciales
Authors: Albert Ortiz José M. , Gasca Sánchez Francisco M. , Flores Segovia Miguel A.
Published: January 2020

Se analizan los patrones de localización espacial de los diferentes sectores que componen las manufacturas mexicanas sobre un espacio continuo. Se hace utilizando la función K de Ripley, técnica basada en la distancia que permite tratar el espacio como continuo. Al utilizar como referencia la CSR (Complete Spatial Randomnes) se encontraron concentraciones espaciales significativas para todos los sectores manufactureros a diferentes rangos de distancia. Asimismo, se detectó que la estructura espacial de las manufacturas es bimodal. Sin embargo, al usar la distribución espacial del conjunto de las manufacturas como punto de referencia se han obtenido variaciones en la distribución espacial.
Diferencias en las tasas de interés entre instituciones financieras de algunas economías emergentes: un enfoque HLM
Authors: Ramírez Rocha Adriana , Bernal Ponce L. Arturo , Cervantes Zepeda Mauricio
Published: January 2020

Se analizan las diferencias en las tasas de interés entre las instituciones microfinancieras (IMFs) de algunos países de Latinoamérica, África, Europa del Este y Asia. Encontramos que los gastos operativos son factores esenciales en las tasas de interés de las IMFs. Además, se encontró que dichos gastos, el tamaño promedio del préstamo, el crecimiento del PIB y la efectividad en la gobernanza son factores clave para explicar por qué las tasas de interés son más altas en unos países que en otros. Como metodología se utilizó la modelación jerárquica lineal (HLM).
Study on the influence of career planing and positive psychological capital on subjective career success
Authors: Oh EunHye , Tak JinKook
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of career planning on subjective career success through a mediating variable of positive psychological capital. Further, moderating effects of future time perspective on the relationship between career planning and positive psychological capital and coaching leadership on the relationship between positive psychological capital and subjective career success were examined. Survey was conducted to 316 employees who have been working for more than 3 months at various korean companies. After elimination of inadequate data, 291 data were obtained for further analysis. The results of structural equation analyses showed that career planing had a direct effect on subjective career success and positive psychological capital partially mediated the relationship between career planning and subjective career success. The results of hierarchial regression analyses showed that future time perspective moderated the relationship between career planning and positive psychological capital. Contrary to the hypothesis, however, the relationship between career planning and positive psychological capital was stronger for the low level group of future time perspective. Coaching leadership moderated the relationship between positive psychological capital and subjective career success. Finally, implications and limitations of this study and the directions for future research were discussed on the basis of the results.
The effect of newcomers’ proactive personality on organizational socialization through information seeking behavior
Authors: Yoo JiWoon , Tak Jinkook
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among newcomers’ proactive personality, information seeking behavior and organizational socialization. Specifically, This study investigated not only the main effect of newcomers’ proactive personality on information seeking behaviors which related to job and relationship building, and organizational socialization but also the moderating roles of team climate and leader behaviors on the relationships between proactive personality and information seeking behaviors, and between information seeking behaviors and organizational socialization. Online survey was conducted to 151 korean employees working for at least 3 months to 6 months and 151data were obtained for statistical analysis. Three steps of analysis procedures were carried out. First, correlation analysis was conducted and the results showed that there were positive relationship among main variables such as proactive personality, information seeking behavior, organizational socialization and etc. Second, the results of structural equitation model analyses showed that newcomers’ information seeking behaviors fully mediate proactive personality and organizational socialization. Third the results of hierarchial regression analyses showed that while leader behaviors which were specified to feedback behavior and consideration behavior moderated the relationship between information seeking behaviors and organizational socialization, Team openness did not moderate the relationship between proactive personality and information seeking behaviors. The implications and limitations of this study and the directions for future research were discussed on the basis of the results.
Development and validation of the Global Competency Scale(GCS)
Authors: Roh Sangchoong , Jung Hongsik , Suh Youngwon
Published: January 2020

As the world economy is becoming globalized, more domestic businesses are branching to overseas. Thereupon the number of expatriate workers who are getting assigned to overseas are increasing, and needs for systematic selection and training system for overseas expatriate workers are in dire needs. Nevertheless researches in this area are not enough and still inadequate level domestically. Therefore we developed the Global Competency Scale (GCS) with the purpose of the local businesses to use it to predict the possibility of successful overseas job performance and to select and train the right overseas expatriate workers. To develop the scale we conducted researches on documentations and interviews with former overseas expatriate workers and expatriate program managers in human resource department(HRD). Based on these results we developed 14 initial factors with 138 items. Using theses items we conducted both on & offline survey to people who work at global and multinational companies in Korea. With the 381 people's survey results, we implemented the cross validity. After cross validating we generated final 6 factors with 24 items. The GCS score we developed in this research shows that the degree of their goal achievement during past overseas experience and level of their satisfaction was significantly high in those criterion variables proving the criterion-related validity. Especially the GCS we developed in this research shows that after controlling the effect of English skills, still appear to have significant effect on criterion variables. Finally based on research results we discussed academical and operational implication and limitations for the further researches.
The Effects of Suction/Injection and Chemical Reaction on The Flow of Mass Transfer of A Micro Polar Fluid Past A Continuously Moving Plate in the Presence of Magnetic Field.
Authors: Shaban Samia Sayed
Published: January 2020

An analysis is carried out to study the effects of chemical reaction and suction /injection on the flow of a micro polar fluid past a moving plate in the presence of magnetic field and mass transfer. The boundary layer equations are transformed to non-linear ordinary differential equations. Numerical results are presented for the distribution velocity, micro rotation profiles within the boundary layer. The effects of varying magnetic parameter, the non-dimensional chemical reaction parameter , Schmidt number, porosity parameter, micro rotation parameter, and coupling constant parameter are revealed.