bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new species and a new record of Liparis sect. Decumbentes (Malaxidinae, Orchidaceae) from Peru
Authors: Damián Alexander , Salazar Gerardo A. , Rimarachín Leyda
Published: May 2020

A new species of Liparis sect. Decumbentes, Liparis sessilis Damián, Salazar & Rimarachín, sp. nov is described and illustrated from Amazonas (Perú), including color photographs, a detailed comparison and an identification key to all the species of Liparis sect. Decumbentes. In addition, we report Liparis brachystalix Rchb.f. for the first time for the orchid flora of Peru, and select a lectotype for its synonym, L. commelinoides Schltr.
A new species of Eriobotrya (Rosaceae) from Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Chen Su-Fang , Meng Kai-Kai , Guo Xi-Bing , Zhao Wan-Yi , Liao Wen-Bo , Fan Qiang
Published: May 2020

Eriobotrya laoshanica, a new species of Rosaceae from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is easily distinguished from the most similar speciesE. malipoensisK. C. Kuan by its longer petioles (2–5 vs. 0.5–1 cm); indumentum on the lower leaf surfaces (densely tomentose vs. glabrous); much fewer flowers (15- to 30-flowered vs. 50- to 100-flowered) on the panicle; larger flowers (2.5–3 vs. 1.5–2 cm in diameter); and non-angulated (vs. angulated) young fruits.
Expert Group Knowledge Triggers
Authors: Dreyer Hanna , Bown Gerald Robin , Wynn Martin George
Published: May 2020

Specialised knowledge is a key component of success in an organisational context that resides in the expertise of the organisation's personnel. To explore this situation, an ethnographic case study was chosen in which data was collected from a software development project. Extempore verbal exchanges occur through the interplay of project team members in weekly meetings, as the software was tested, analyzed, and altered in accordance with the customer's needs. Utilizing tacit knowledge from the project members as well as the group, new tacit knowledge surfaces and spirals, which allows it to build over time. Five extempore triggers surfaced during the research generated through explicit stimuli, allowing project members to share and create new knowledge. Through the use of ideas developed by Husserl and Heidegger, this study has cast some light on verbal exchanges that, through their interjection, allow significant learning to take place. The theoretical development places these learning triggers in an interpretive framework, which can add value to other software development projects.
Knowledge Hiding in a Buyer-Supplier Relationship
Authors: Butt Atif Saleem , Shah Syed Hamad Hassan , Noor Saleha , Ali Muhammad
Published: May 2020

Knowledge management has been the subject of much research in buyer-supplier relationship literature. Many of these studies outline the benefits attributed to buying and supplying firms as a result of knowledge sharing between its managers. However, it is important to note managers across firms can also deliberately hide knowledge from each other during their business interaction. This study fills this important gap. The analysis of this study is based on a pilot study comprising six semi-structured interviews with the managers of buying and supplying firms. The findings suggest that managers of buying and supplying firms experience five different types of antecedents during their business interaction. This paper provides theoretical contribution to supply chain knowledge management literature by proposing five antecedents of knowledge hiding in a buyer-supplier relationship. The findings of this study also have practical implications. Specifically, firms can use initial findings from this study to understand what compels their management to engage in knowledge hiding.
Pires de Almeida e Primitivo Moacyr: uma análise da escrita da história da educação
Authors: Azevedo Laís Paula de Medeiros Campos , Vieira Arthur Cassio de Oliveira , Medeiros Neta Olívia Morais de
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma análise comparativa de duas obras clássicas da historiografia da educação brasileira. A primeira é o livro publicado por José Ricardo Pires de Almeida, intitulada Instrução pública no Brasil (1500-1889): história e legislação publicada pela primeira vez em 1889; a segunda se refere ao livro A Instrução e as Províncias – 1° Volume Das Amazonas às Alagoas de Primitivo Moacyr, publicada em 1939. Nesta análise, intencionamos explicitar as características e compreender as concepções teóricas e metodológicas que nortearam a construção da escrita desses autores. Para a análise, recortamos a instrução pública no período do Império na Província do Rio Grande do Norte, após o Ato adicional de 1834. As deliberações de Michel de Certeau (1982) acerca das relações entre a história e a escrita embasaram a nossa investigação sobre o fazer história dos autores. A realização deste estudo ressaltou a importância das obras para o campo da História da Educação e demonstrou que as escritas eram permeadas pelas relações políticas e culturais da época, associadas às práticas de registro e compilação de informações, prioritariamente oficiais, defendidas pelo Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (IHGB). O foco central dessas escritas era as ações estatais no âmbito da educação.
O cotidiano escolar como princípio das pesquisas em educação
Authors: Maia Gabriela Zambão Abdian
Published: May 2020

A história do conhecimento em administração da educação no Brasil é contada a partir de dois paradigmas: da gestão empresarial e da especificidade da escola ou gestão democrática, sendo este a superação do anterior. Após os anos 1990, as pesquisas em política e gestão da educação privilegiam a escola como instância de pesquisa, e a analisam com base na teoria da gestão democrática. Neste artigo, tem-se como objetivo defender o cotidiano escolar como princípio de pesquisa e analisar três grandes desafios aos pesquisadores da área: os rumos da teoria crítica e da própria crítica; as relações teoria e prática; e os sentidos da política e da gestão. Tem-se como primeiro desafio conceber a crítica como atitude de virtude, de inservidão voluntária e como possibilidade de nos desassujeitarmos dos modos de produzir verdades na relação entre o sujeito, o poder e a verdade. Tal atitude de virtude pressupõe, como segundo desafio, a tentativa de conceber novas relações entre teoria e prática, as quais escapem do normativismo e do modelo prescritivo. Como terceiro desafio, indica-se que as reflexões precedentes possibilitam questionar os sentidos práticos que circulam e legitimam uma forma de pensar na área, especificamente, os de política e gestão.
Pensamiento místico en la Universidad de París de los siglos XII y XIII
Authors: Cresta Gerald
Published: May 2020

La profunda crisis moral surgida luego de la caída del imperio de Carlomagno, y aún presente hasta parte del Siglo XII, tuvo como emergente una fundamental renovación espiritual en el carácter religioso y el fervor místico de hombres y mujeres extraordinarios. Su manifestación en el pensamiento filosófico-teológico es una de las expresiones más significativas de la historia medieval centroeuropea. Diversidad de experiencias y modalidades místicas que encuentran una posible síntesis en el pensamiento de la Escuela parisina de San Víctor, con sus representantes Ricardo y Hugo, pero también en figuras paradigmáticas como el franciscano Buenaventura de Bagnoregio y el dominico Tomás de Aquino. Común a todos ellos es la búsqueda del Bien supremo mediante la práctica de una triple elevación interior: la vía purgativa, la iluminativa y la unitiva. Son presentadas aquí algunas notas distintivas de este camino de progreso interior ascendente y señalados sus respectivos aportes a la doctrina medieval de los conceptos trascendentales.
Horse Manure Derived Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon via Hydrothermal Carbonization for Promising Applications
Authors: Liamprawat Tanatorn , Verasarut Panupong , Kaewtrakulchai Napat , Panomsuwan Gasidit , Fuji Masayoshi , Eiad-Ua Apiluck
Published: May 2020

Horse manure, organic waste from livestock, has been used for the production of nitrogen-doped porous carbons (NPC) which could be applied as functional material. The variety of different NH4OH solution concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 M) were introduced in hydrothermal treatment as activating agent. Also, the nitrogen precursor was served. Horse manure derived NPC were characterized through varied physicochemical properties including NPC yields, FTIR, SEM, XPS and N2 sorption analyzer to characterize specific properties such as elemental composition on surface, surface functional bonding, physical morphology, and porosity of NPC. In addition, the incorporation of nitrogen dopant into the carbon was intended to further enhance the electrochemical performance.
The Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil (Simultaneous Esterification and Transesterification Using Fe/Zeolite Catalysts from Waste Geothermal)
Authors: Muna Naila Luthfi , Mu'alimah Anna Alif , Pridiana Dita Baeti , Widodo Abel Kristanto , Adiyar Sabrina Rahmi , Elinda Evan Hafidzudin
Published: May 2020

The main aim of this research is to produce biodiesel with simultaneous esterification and transesterification using Fe/Zeolite catalyst. Fe/Zeolite catalyst synthesized using hydrothermal process from waste geothermal of PT. Geodipa Energy. This catalyst analyzed using XRD, SEM, and BET test. The variables of this research are concentration (0,01 gr/gr, 0,015 gr/gr, 0,02 gr/gr, 0,025 gr/gr, 0,03 gr/gr) and temperature (50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C). The result of biodiesel characterization using simultaneous esterification and transesterification is positive to increase yield following concentration of catalyst and temperature of the reaction. This biodiesel has been in accordance with Indonesian National Standard 7182-2015.
Swelling of PVA/Chitosan/TiO2 Nanofibers Membrane in Different PH
Authors: Nugraheni Ari Dwi , Purnawati Diki , Rohmatillah Ani , Mahardika Dian Nur , Kusumaatmaja Ahmad
Published: May 2020

The nanofiber PVA/chitosan have been successfully fabricated by the addition of TiO2 or without TiO2. Nanofiber membranes of PVA/chitosan/TiO2 were fabricated with weight ratio of PVA/chitosan (w/w) 90/10, 85/15, and 80/20. Glutaraldehyde cross-linking was added to increase membrane stability in water. Swelling behavior was tested in three different pH to investigate the swelling behavior of nanofiber membranes of PVA/chitosan with and without TiO2. The result indicated that the addition of chitosan concentration would decrease the swelling index, and increase the time constant (τ). The swelling index will increase in high pH (pH 10.01) compare to low pH (pH 4.01).
Combining Cellulose and ZnO for Extend the Shelf Life of Fruit
Authors: Widodo Abel Kristanto , Pridiana Dita Baeti , Arrizqi Nafi' , Fajrina Muthia Nur , Setyawan Deka , Laksono Dimaz Aji
Published: May 2020

The increasing level of paper consumption has the effect of cutting down trees for paper production which has disrupted natural sustainability. Paper production is not proportional to the amount of paper waste that is left to accumulate without recycle. Paper making material is 90% cellulose and the rest is material added as a support. This research try to recycle paper that processed chemically and cellulose isolating is by modifying it into nanoparticles with the addition of ZnO (nanosized) to produce nanocoating. Nanocoating production produces a nanocomposite coating solution with 0% and 1% cellulose + ZnO (nanosized) concentration (w/w cellulose). The result of this research can applied on salak fruit with parameters of weight loss and total acid. The parameters show changes in weight loss and total acid that will decrease every day with the coating treatment using cellulose, but the addition of ZnO (nanosized) can show the best results. The finding of this study could be used as extending the shelf life of fruit.
Study on the Influence of Anisotropy on Cutting Performance of Aviation Aluminium Alloy 7050-T7451
Authors: Wang Hui , Meng Ying , Li Duo Duo , Fu Xiu Li , Shi Qi Hang
Published: May 2020

Based on the hypocycloid theory, a highspeed orthogonal cutting simulation model was established. The cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate) and plane forming angle of the workpiece of aeronautical aluminium alloy 7050-T7451 pre-stretched rolled sheet were simulated and validated. The mapping relationship between cutting parameters, anisotropy and cutting performance was analyzed. The results show that the degree of anisotropy and the difficulty of material cutting are proportional to the forming angle, and the anisotropy decreases with the increase of cutting speed and the decrease of feed speed. Finally, the optimal cutting process range of aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 was obtained, which provides data support for highspeed cutting of anisotropic materials.
A Performance Study of CNT/TiO2/ PVA Loaded on the Paper Filter for Benzene Treatment from Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Wongaree Mathana , Bootwong Adisak
Published: May 2020

This work has studied the performance of benzene treatment from cigarette smoke using the prepared CNT/TiO2/PVA loaded on the paper filter in the air purifier reactor. CNT/TiO2 nanomaterial was prepared from a mixture of carbon nanotubes modified with sulfuric acid and titanium dioxide by a simple mixing method in the ambient temperature. CNT/TiO2 nanomaterial was then loaded on the paper filter by a filtrating technique using 12%w/v polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a co-polymer. The weight of CNT/TiO2 loaded on the paper filter was fixed at 3 g. The ratios of CNT: TiO2 was varied at 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15 w/w, respectively. The performance of air purifier using CNT/TiO2/PVA loaded on the paper filter with various ratios was investigated on the photocatalytic activity of benzene treatment from cigarette smoke under visible light. The decreased benzene concentrations were analyzed by GC-FID. As the results, the ratio of CNT/TiO2 loaded on the paper filter at 1:10 showed the highest performance by up to 45%, while the ratio of CNT/TiO2 at 1:15 showed 30% and CNT/TiO2 at 1:5 was the lowest of 22%, respectively. This is because adding the optimum CNT to TiO2 can be improved the adsorption efficiency and the ability to degrade benzene from cigarette smoke. Additionally, CNT also assists in reducing the recombination of TiO2 particles that effect to the high performance on the photocatalytic activity. Therefore, the prepared CNT/TiO2/PVA loaded on the paper filter could be used for the air treatment.
The Effect of Doping on the Structure of Zinc Oxide Obtained by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Sugurbekova Gulnar , Sugurbekov Yerzhigit , Demeuova Gulzat , Ualibek Oral , Kurbanova Aliya , Toktarbaiuly Olzat , Mauit Ozhet
Published: May 2020

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an interesting inexpensive transparent conductive oxide for use as a transport layer in multilayer solar cells. We present the results of a study of the effect of aluminum doping on the structure of 50-65 nm thin films of zinc oxide obtained by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on different substrates (glass, sapphire with a-plane and c-plane orientations). Analysis of thin films by IR spectra and X-ray diffraction showed the effect of doping on the crystallographic texture of films grown by the ALD method by comparing substrates of simple glass, c-plane Al2O3 and a-plane Al2O3. We found that when doping zinc oxide, the orientation of the substrate plays a substantial role, which affects the mechanism of interaction of zinc oxide with a doping agent, leading to changes in the structure and properties of ZnO due to the interaction between ZnO molecules and water to form a Zn-O-H bond. Doping with aluminum leads to a strain stress, resulting in distortion of the structure and a decrease in the concentration of oxygen vacancies. This is turn facilitates the flow of water molecules into the interlayer space and an increase in the density of the positive charge on the metal cation, which leads to an increase in the coordination number, i.e. to an increase in the number of hydroxyl groups.
Mechanical Behavior of Mode I Fractured Concrete Repaired by Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
Authors: Kan Yu Cheng , Lee Ming Gin , Lee Hung Wei
Published: May 2020

This paper attempts to investigate the fracture toughness of the cracked concrete repaired by polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) - a thermo-plastic polymer resin. A single-edged notch beam in three-point bending test was conducted to examine the performance of cracked concrete beam after reparation. Three concrete crack widths of 1 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm were designated to be repaired and examed. The fracture properties include critical stress intensity factor KIC by Jenq and Shah and fracture energy GF by Hillerburg, were evaluated for the concrete before cracking and after reparation. Four sand contents of 0%, 10%, 20% and 40% by volume were used in the PMMA mortars. From the testing results, it appears that the load capacity and fracture toughness of repaired concrete increased with the increasing sand content. And, the PMMA mortar made repaired concrete better strength and fracture toughness as well.
Evaluation of Paraclinical Methods in diagnosis of Foreign Body and its complications compared to operating room findings in patients with oral, pharyngeal and esophageal symptoms in Amir A’lam Hospital
Authors: Erfanian Reza , Tajadini Ardavan , Sohrabpour Saeed , Aghazadeh Keyvan , Mehdinezhad Abdolhossein , Karimi Ebrahim
Published: May 2020

Foreign Body (FB) swallowing is one of the most common medical emergencies in the world. This injury can cause mortality and morbidity in all age groups. This study aimed to evaluate the paraclinical methods in diagnosis of foreign body and its complications compared to operating room findings in patients with oral, pharyngeal and esophageal symptoms. This was a retrospective study. All patients referred to the ENT (Ear, Nose, Throat) department of Amir A’lam hospital with complaints of foreign body swallowing admitted in the operating room were studied. The patients’ information including demographic information, type of swallowed body, paraclinical information and operating room findings were extracted from the patients’ records. This study was performed on 219 patients admitted to ENT clinic. The mean age of the patients was 45.10±20.61 years. The highest and the lowest frequencies for foreign body type were chicken bone in 61 cases (28.31%) and disk battery in 1 case (0.5%). The most and the least frequency of complaints after foreign body type were dysphagia in 129 cases (58.9%) and neck tenderness in 7 cases (3.19%). Computerized Tomography (CT) scan findings and operative findings were almost same except in two cases. Kappa agreement for lateral neck and observation in the operating room was 50.5% (P <0.001) and WBC count was significantly higher in patients with complications (P=0.010).
Status of Antioxidants Molecules and Lipid Peroxidation in the Diabetic Testes
Authors: Bhandari Kishwor , Acharya Sanju , Srivastava AK
Published: May 2020

Introduction: According to the epidemiological studies, diabetes mellitus has become a potential cause of male infertility. Knowledge regarding how diabetes mellitus interferes with the process of spermatogenesis and results in infertility needs the molecular study in the testis in diabetic condition. Enhanced oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant capacity are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes mellitus. So, this study was established to investigate the activity of enzymatic antioxidants and oxidative stress in the testis of diabetic model rats.
Material & Methods: Diabetes mellitus was induced in the rat by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin. The rats were sacrificed and the dissection was done to take out the testis. The testes were processed for the activity of enzymatic antioxidants.
Results: It was found that oxidative stress was increased in the testes of diabetic rats. The sperms were also affected by the chronic hyperglycemia.
FETAL LIVER MORPHOMETRY AT DIFFERENT CROWN RUMP
LENGTHS
Authors: Jaiswal Anamika , Kaushik Ankit , Pant Jayanti , Singh AK , Pant MK
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Normal morphometric parameters of liver in human fetus were studied at various stage of development with an aim to get insight into the normal development of fetal liver.
Material & Methods: Dissection of 29 human fetuses was performed. Anthropometric study was done and various parameters were measured.
Results: The development of liver is associated with increase in all the parameters although the increase is highly variable in different gestational age, indicating that liver development showed characteristic but highly regulated development to reach its fully developed stage.
Conclusion: The present study will be helpful in understanding the normal fetal liver development.
THYRO-LINGUO-FACIAL TRUNK OF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY: A RARE VARIATION
Authors: Kumar Diwan Rakesh , Rani Archana , Chopra Jyoti , Kumar Navneet
Published: May 2020

The complicated process of angiogenesis and remodelling which includes annexation and regression of vessels may give rise to variations in the branches of external carotid artery. The knowledge of variations in the branching pattern of external carotid artery (ECA) is important for surgical procedures in the neck region, such as radial neck dissection, catheterization, reconstruction of aneurysm, carotid endarterectomy and intervention radiology. The anatomical consequences of anomalous branching pattern of external carotid artery may have important clinical implications. A rare, common branch of the ECA, a thyro-linguo-facial trunk was found on right side in a 65 years old male cadaver during routine dissection. After giving a branch to thyroid gland as superior thyroid artery, this trunk ran forwards and medially as linguo-facial trunk and divided into lingual and facial arteries. The hypoglossal nerve was crossing the linguo-facial trunk.
OBLIGATORY ALTERATIONS IN THE MORPHOLOGY OF MEDIAN NERVE: A SONOGRAPHIC STUDY IN ASYMPTOMATIC INDIVIDUALS
Authors: Lakra Vandana , Sehgal Garima , Chopra Jyoti , Rani Anita , Dande Kaweri
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Median nerve is formed in axilla by contributions from medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus. It descends in the arm, forearm and then through carpal tunnel in close conjunction with flexor tendons of forearm. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common entrapment neuropathy. Median nerve cross sectional area (CSA) and ratio of nerve major axis to minor axis (flattening ratio) serve as potential diagnostic criteria for carpal tunnel syndrome. Median nerve cross sectional area and flattening ratio (FR) can be assessed by ultrasonography (US).
Aim of the study was to assess median nerve by US and tabulate mean values for CSA and FR in asymptomatic population. This would serve to limit the cut-off values that differentiate asymptomatic nerves from neuropathic nerves.
Material & Methods: Study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, KGMU, Lucknow. Fifty randomly selected asymptomatic volunteers (undergraduate students: 30 males, 20 females) participated in the study. Sonography was performed to evaluate certain morphological dimensions of median nerve. Height, weight and
wrist circumference of participants were also noted. Ultrasonography was performed using high frequency linear probe and observations were made at two pre-determined sites. Observations were recorded, tabulated and analyzed.
Results: Median nerve was easily observable at both sites. It was round in shape in forearm (Fo), and flattened as it reached the carpal tunnel (Ct). Among all 50 study subjects, at both sites, flattening was more on right side (FRFoRt-1.71; FRCtRt-3.08) than on left side (FRFoLt-1.66; FRCtLt-2.78). In right forearm, nerve was flatter in females (FRFoRt-1.77) as compared to males (FRFoRt-1.68). In left forearm, median nerve was slightly rounder in females (FRFoLt-1.65) as compared to males (FRFoLt-1.67). At the distal wrist crease on right side, increased flattening was observed in females (FRCtRt-3.30) as compared to males (FRCtRt-2.94), whereas on left side, at same site flattening was more in females (males FRCtLt-2.74; females FRCtLt-2.83).
Conclusion: Altered FR has both diagnostic as well as prognostic values in carpal tunnel syndrome. The database generated from the study will help in facilitating comparisons between normal, asymptomatic and pathological, asymptomatic individuals.
ANATOMY IN ASYMPTOMATIC LUMBAR FACET JOINT ARTHROSIS
Authors: Sethi Ruchira , Singh Vishram
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The facet joints are the only synovial joint of spine and undergo osteoarthritic changes referred to as facet joint arthrosis (FJA). The arthrosis is akin to arthritic changes in any other synovial joint of the body and may manifest as back pain or may remain asymptomatic throughout life. The causes for pain manifestation in FJA
are manifold but there is paucity of literature in defining reasons to remain asymptomatic even with a deranged pathology at the joint. Thus the aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic FJA and define its relation with respect to age, gender and vertebral level on CT evaluation and discuss the pertinent anatomy around each spinal motion segment which prevents manifestation of pain.
Material & Methods: A total of 100 asymptomatic subjects were selected on basis of a low back pain questionnaire within age range of 20-70 years, reporting to radiology department for CT abdomen. The individuals
were categorized as per the following age groups; 20-35yrs as young; 36-50 as middle and 51-70 as old age groups. All five lumbar vertebral levels with their facet joints were analysed for evidences of degenerative grades and their severity, in total selected subjects. The images obtained were further assessed on image analysis
software for distribution as per the age-groups, gender and prevalence with respect to vertebral level.
Results: A total of 136 (27.2%) levels in 43(43%) spines were found to have FJA. The highest prevalence (43.3%) of asymptomatic FJA was observed in the middle age group with involvement of multiple spinal motion segments and with grade 4 severity.
Conclusion: Prevalence of severe grades of asymptomatic FJA in middle age group suggests the possible role of certain muscle groups in maintaining an appropriate posture in spite of on-going degenerative processes.
VARIATIONS IN DORSALIS PEDIS ARTERY
Authors: Nigam Rashi , Kulshretha Saurabh , Srivastava Raj Kumar , Ramesh BR
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Dorsalis pedis artery is the chief artery of the dorsum of foot and is the artery of choice for grafting in vascular surgery of ischemic lower limbs in diabetic patients.
Material & Methods: Dorsalis pedis artery was dissected and traced during routine cadaveric dissection in 41 foots.
Observation & Results: We observed origin of dorsalis pedis artery from peroneal artery in 2.44% cases. Five branches from dorsalis pedis artery were observed in 2.44% and 6 branches in 2.44% cases.
Conclusion: Study of variation in origin and branching pattern of dorsalis pedis artery is helpful in delimiting the graft
SONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION O F SCIATIC
NERVE ANATOMY AND SUBCUTANEOUS DEPTH
AT ITS TERMINATION IN POSTERIOR THIGH:
IMPORTANCE IN POPLITEAL BLOCKS
Authors: Singh Sanjula , Sehgal Garima , Chopra Jyoti , Rani Anita , Rani Archana , Singh Manjula
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Sciatic nerve (SN) is about 2cm wide, forms in the pelvis from ventral rami of L4-S3 spinal nerves and leaves the pelvis by passing out via greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis. It travels in the posterior compartment of thigh where it is crossed by long head of biceps femoris, and terminates by dividing into tibial and common peroneal nerves proximal to knee near the apex of popliteal fossa. Cross
sectional area (CSA) of SN at mid-thigh and the level of termination may vary. This is important in respect to clinical as well as treatment purpose for the performance of popliteal block. Popliteal nerve block is the block of SN in the popliteal fossa, it is ideal for surgeries of lower leg, particularly below the knee, foot and ankle. It anesthetizes the same dermatomes as both the anterior and lateral approaches to the SN. Variability in level of termination and subcutaneous depth may account for the frequent failures
associated with popliteal block. Ultrasound guided sciatic nerve blockade when performed in a systematic manner, is associated with a high success rate.
Aims & Objectives: Present study was done to evaluate sciatic nerve morphometry and its depth from skin with the help of high resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) and highlight importance of relevant anatomy in relation to popliteal nerve block.
Material & Methods: Study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India in 50 volunteer students of 1st year MBBS 2018 batch (25 males & 25 females). Sonography was done with the help of Esaote Europe My Lab 40 ultrasound machine (installed in the Department of Anatomy, KGMU) to observe Cross sectional area, perimeter, level of termination of nerve and its depth from skin at a particular site.
Results: CSA ranged from 0.22-0.35±0.028cm2 and perimeter ranged from 15.23 – 30.33±2.92 mm The mean CSA of SN was equal on both sides ie. 0.27± 0.028 cm2 on right and 0.27±-0.025 cm2 on left. The perimeter of SN on right side was 21.27±2.92 mm and left side 20.29±2.05 mm. The depth of SN from skin on right side was 19.16±1.70 mm while on left side 19.16±1.70mm. The level of termination was 77.65±4.31 mm on right side while 77.26±4.43 mm on left side proximal to popliteal crease.
Rt. SN mean CSA was almost equal among males and females whereas Lt. SN mean CSA was found to be significantly (p-value-0.048) greater in males as compared to females.
The perimeter of nerve had significantly (0.043) larger values on both right and left side in females as compared to males. The depth of SN from skin was slightly more in males as compared to females while level of termination was bilaterally almost similar in both males and females.
Conclusion: Normal values of various parameters of sciatic nerve evaluated in our study will be helpful in guiding and facilitating popliteal block in various surgeries
A MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF NASAL INDEX IN ADULT HUMAN DRY SKULLS OF
NORTH INDIAN POPULATION
Authors: Agrawal Vasudha , Kulshreshtha Vasundhara , Singh Pradeep , Gupta Anshu , Pandey Suniti
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Nasal Index is very useful in anthropology and it is one of the clinical anthropometric parameters recognized in nasal surgical and medical management. Nasal index is the most common nasal parameter which may be related to regional and climatic differences so that it would be further useful as an essential tool to the researchers, clinicians, rhinoplastic and facial reconstructive surgeons and forensic experts related to this field. The present study was designed to provide a normative data of nasal index and to classify their nose type and comparison of data with other studies.
Material & Methods: The study was conducted on 200 human dry skulls of north Indian population in Department of Anatomy, S.N. Medical College, Agra. The measurements were taken using digital vernier caliper. Nasal Index was calculated by measuring nasal height and nasal width in order to determine the nasal type.
Results: In the present study, mean nasal height was 49.25±3.68mm whereas mean nasal width was 24.63±2.90mm. Mean nasal index was calculated as 51.00± 0.09.
Conclusion: The findings of our study suggest that according to the nasal index, the studied population of North India belongs to Platyrrhine type.
Analisis Sistem Pengendalian Piutang Terhadap Piutang Tak Tertagih Pada Koperasi Swamitra Wahana Putra Bengkalis
Authors: Amri M. Khairul , Hendarsyah Decky
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang merupakan penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif dan cenderung menggunakan pendekatan analisis dengan pendekatan induktif.Koperasi adalah salah satu lembaga keuangan yang melayani masyarakat dalam bidang simpan pinjam.Namun setiap pemberian pinjaman tentu mempunyai risiko, salah satu risiko yang terjadi adalah kredit macet atau piutang tak tertagih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penilaian Koperasi Swamitra Wahana Putra Bengkalis dalam menganalisis nasabah agar tidak terjadi kredit macet,  untuk mengetahui kolektibilitas kredit yang sering terjadi di Koperasi Swamitra Wahana Putra Bengkalis, untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kredit macet pada Koperasi Swamitra Wahana Putra Bengkalis, untuk mengetahui sistem penanganan kredit macet atau piutang tak tertagih pada Koperasi Swamitra Wahana Putra Bengkalis, dan untuk mengetahui kendala-kendala yang dihadapi atau ditemui Koperasi Swamitra Wahana Putra Bengkalis dalam menangani kredit macet. Dan juga untuk mengatahui sistem pencatatan akuntasinya.Jenis penelitian adalah penilitian Deskriptif.Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi kemudian dianalisis kembali. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Koperasi Swamitra Wahana Putra Bengkalis menganalisis nasabah agar tidak terjadi kredit macet adalah dengan cara menganalisis persyaratan permohonan pinjaman, menganalisis atau melakukan survey usaha nasabah, menganalisis atau mensurvey jaminan, menganalisis kondisi rumah nasabah, Bank Indonesia Checking, dan melakukan tahap pencairan dana. Kolektibilitas kredit di Koperasi Swamitra Wahana Putra Bengkalis adalah Coll 1, yaitu nasabah dikategorikan pada kualitas lancar, Coll 2 nasabah di ketegorikan kurang lancar, Coll 3 nasabah dikategorikan dalam perhatian khusus, Coll 4 nasabah dikategorikan dalam diragukan dan W/O nasabah di kategorikan macet.
Paradigma Perkembangan Akuntansi Islam
Authors: Junery Muhammad Fadhil
Published: May 2020

The limitations of the human mind and also the various interests which always refers to the mundane aspects, then all rules in the order of economic and business cannot be released granted to man to design these rules without any ropes of restraint as a means to restrict people from doing arbitrary and more likely just as homo economicus, which is why Islam was present to bring the values ​​of truth and justice which serve as guidance for not only humans as homo economicus but also as homo and homo religious ethicus. Seeing some of the weaknesses and limitations of today's accounting in its development, Require Muslims to dissolve creasing these problems, by making the sharia as a paradigm in building a conceptual framework of accounting that can be used as a foothold in the development of accounting format is more appropriate. And foster the values ​​of the essence in the accounting value of responsible, fair and true.
Pengaruh Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Retribusi Boarding Pass Pelabuhan Terhadap Sistem Pengendalian Internal
Authors: Karmila Karmila , Hendarsyah Decky
Published: May 2020

Accounting information systems are needed in supporting the effectiveness of internal control. The purpose of this study was to determine how the influence of existing accounting information systems in the company on the implementation of internal control. Researchers used descriptive and quantitative methods by distributing questionnaires. From the research results, it turns out that PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia I (Persero) Dumai Branch has implemented an Accounting Information System of port boarding pass fees and an adequate Internal Control System. The Accounting Information System of port boarding pass fees applied to affect the Internal Control System but the effect is not strong. Then the application of the Accounting Information System of port boarding pass fees and the Internal Control System is in accordance with the Islamic perspective.
The influence of Deposition Temperature on the Properties of Chemically Sprayed
Nanostructured Cu2CdSnS4 Thin Films
Authors: J. Ahmed Hiba , A. Kamil Asaad , A. Habeeb Ammar , A. Bakr Nabeel
Published: May 2020

In this study, Cu2CdSnS4 thin films were deposited on glass substrates at fixed
concentrations: 0.02 M of (CuCl2.2H2O), 0.08 M of CS (NH2)2 and 0.01 M of
both SnCl2.2H2O and (CdCl2.2H2O) using Chemical Spray Pyrolysis (CSP)
technique at different deposition temperatures (300, 350, 400 and 450) °C. The
thickness of all samples were (300 ± 10) nm. X-ray diffraction patterns showed
that all films have a tetragonal structure with a preferred orientation of (112). The
maximum value of the crystallite size was 8.09 nm at 400 °C deposition
temperature. Raman spectra analysis confirmed the purity of the film peaks
located at (332-333). The FESEM micrographs showed that the nanostructures
appeared in the form of cauliflower. The highest average grain size was 62.8 nm
for the film deposited at 300 °C substrate temperature. The optical properties of
all films were studied by recording the transmittance and absorbance in the
wavelength range (400-900) nm. The results showed that absorption occurs in the
visible and ultraviolet regions. Through the Tauc’s equation, the optical energy
gap was calculated for the allowed direct transition. Its value was in the range
(1.59-1.40) eV. Therefore, these films are suitable for use in solar cell
applications. Hall effect results showed that Cu2CdSnS4 thin films are p-type and
the highest conductivity was 0.288 (Ω.cm)-1
at 400 ˚C corresponding to the
maximum mobility value and the highest charge concentration.
Primer análisis de emisiones durante la combustión de pellets de Jatropha Curcas a 2 635 msnm.
Authors: Rivadeneira Rivera Daniel Alejandro
Published: May 2020

El presente estudio evalúa de forma experimental la combustión de una mezcla de pelletizado elaborado con residuos de la Jatropha curcas (piñón) y astillas (25%-75% p/p respectivamente). Las experiencias de combustión fueron realizadas en un quemador horizontal prototipo (60 kWte), acoplado a una cámara de combustión (1.65 x 0.65 m) y un analizador de gases (AU Mobile Brain Bee). Se observó que las alteraciones inducidas en la estequiometria del proceso afectaron el perfil de temperaturas en la cámara de combustión y la composición del efluente gaseoso. En consecuencia, la temperatura más alta (408.7 °C) se verificó cuando la concentración de O2 en el efluente fue de 9.7% vol. Concentraciones mayores de O2 en el efluente (13 y 13.7% vol.) provocaron temperaturas más bajas en la cámara de combustión (387 y 369 °C respectivamente). Se concluye que a la mejor condición de combustión observada (408.7 °C y 9.7% vol. de O2), le corresponde también la más alta concentración de CO2 (9.41% vol.). Sin embargo, las emisiones de CO (2.34% vol.) son más altas que aquellas observadas durante la combustión de otros tipos de biomasa en este mismo quemador (0.019 %vol.).
Evaluación del rendimiento y la calidad de la zanahoria (Daucus carota l.) en dos sistemas de producción orgánico y convencional.
Authors: Cofre Santos Fernando , Saltos Espín Rubén Darío
Published: May 2020

El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar el rendimiento y la calidad de la zanahoria (Daucus carota L.) en dos sistemas de producción orgánico y convencional. El experimento se realizó en la hacienda San Gabriel de la provincia de Cotopaxi. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar; se evaluaron los siguientes tratamientos: T1= 25 t/ha abono orgánico (Sistema orgánico); T2= 92 kg/ha de N - 21 kg/ha de P2O5 – 79.5 kg/ha de Ca (Sistema convencional); testigo (T3). Estos fueron replicados cuatro veces, obteniéndose un total de 12 unidades experimentales. Los resultados obtenidos fueron examinados estadísticamente mediante el análisis de varianza, y para comparar medias de los tratamientos, se utilizó la prueba Tukey al 5% y la diferencia mínima significativa al 5%. Durante el ciclo del cultivo se evaluaron variables agronómicas y financieras: altura de planta, incidencia de plagas, longitud de raíz, calidad, rendimiento y la relación Beneficio-Costo (B/C). Al medir las productividades, el sistema que presentó mayor rendimiento fue el sistema orgánico con 17.81 t/ha. En relación al parámetro de calidad medido, se encontró diferencias altamente significativas: el sistema orgánico presentó una coloración y brillo característico de la zanahoria frente al sistema convencional. Del análisis financiero se desprende que la mejor tasa B/C correspondió al sistema orgánico con 4.30.
Turismo ecológico para potenciar el desarrollo sostenible del cantón Puerto López, Manabí, Ecuador.
Authors: García Merino Melba Rosa , Salazar Ponce Erick Geovanny , Villamar González Juan Francisco
Published: May 2020

El turismo ecológico es una actividad promisoria para las poblaciones indígenas y rurales. Esta actividad, en la región costa, viene experimentando un crecimiento acelerado que será mayor en un futuro según las diferentes tipologías turísticas que enmarca. Sin embargo, actualmente el trabajo ambiental desde los territorios carece de una gestión turística adecuada que, a largo plazo, puede generar impactos negativos considerables sobre el territorio y sobre la imagen del espacio como destino turístico. Los enfoques sobre esta modalidad turística pueden incorporar consideraciones distintas dependiendo de la población que lo promueva y los diferentes atractivos naturales de la región. Por tal razón el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el turismo ecológico como factor que puede fortalecer el turismo en este territorio, a través de una encuesta que permitió conocer el perfil, motivaciones y valoraciones de los turistas y empresarios sobre esta modalidad. Entre los resultados, cabe destacar que los visitantes que llegan a la zona son jóvenes con alto nivel de educación. La motivación principal viene marcada por el descanso, si bien, también se destacan otras como ocio, diversión y el conocimiento de la cultura, así como la satisfacción por su belleza paisajística que es alta. Se logró identificar las principales fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas de los diferentes atractivos turísticos ecológicos. Se analizó el comportamiento del mercado turístico ecológico dentro de las actividades ecoturísticas. Se diseñaron estrategias de gestión que involucran el compromiso de una mejora continua y la puesta en práctica de diferentes iniciativas en el sector turístico.
Acciones de capacitación para la mejora del manejo de los residuos sólidos urbanos y la protección del agua.
Authors: De la Cruz Soriano Raquel , Guevara Reyes Onelia , Gotera Espinosa Pedro Humberto , Hernández Somoza Francisco , Ledesma Santos Gretter , Presilla Andreu Beatriz , García Santos Arelys
Published: May 2020

Desarrollar y mantener una actitud responsable ante el cuidado y protección del medio ambiente y los recursos naturales en virtud de gestionar el desarrollo sostenible es, en Cuba, una prioridad demostrada no solo desde la concepción, organización y proyección de las políticas y proyectos que abordan estas temáticas; sino también desde los resultados concretos que exhiben. Respondiendo a este quehacer, la presente ponencia tiene como objetivo socializar la experiencia en la capacitación comunitaria para el manejo de Residuos Sólidos Urbanos y la protección del recurso agua desde la prevención en una localidad cubana. Como métodos teóricos se utilizaron: el histórico- lógico, la inducción- deducción y el análisis- síntesis; como métodos empíricos: la observación, la entrevista, la encuesta, la revisión de documentos; integrados en la Investigación-Acción-Participación y sustentados en el método dialéctico materialista. A través de estos se obtuvo un diagnóstico de las regularidades que caracterizan ambas problemáticas y se planificaron y ejecutaron un grupo de acciones dentro de las que sobresale la ejecución del proyecto: Por la salud y la cultura ambiental en comunidades de Cabaiguán. Los docentes implicados en ellas, a través de los procesos sustantivos universitarios, abordaron las temáticas con un carácter instructivo y educativo, lográndose la satisfacción en los beneficiarios.
Aspectos da representação da informação na curadoria digital
Authors: Triques Maria Lígia , Arakaki Ana Carolina Simionato , Castro Fabiano Ferreira de
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Elucidar o papel da representação da informação na curadoria digital.Método: Pesquisa de natureza teórica, com abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, abordando como tema principal os metadados na curadoria digital e tendo como base o Curation Lifecycle Model proposto pelo Digital Curation Centre (DCC).Resultado: Apresenta-se um panorama da importância da representação da informação para a curadoria digital, bem como as principais implicações do emprego de metadados e padrões de metadados para o gerenciamento de dados.Conclusões: Conclui-se que diante da busca por métodos mais efetivos de organizar e representar a informação em meio digital, a curadoria digital tem ganhado destaque como uma prática interdisciplinar que busca estabelecer diretrizes para a gestão e a manutenção de dados, se valendo para isso, dos metadados e dos padrões de metadados para a construção de representações, permitindo que os dados e os metadados sejam compreendidos e processados pelos sistemas e também pelos próprios usuários humanos, viabilizando o acesso, o uso e o reuso futuro.
“You Feel Like You Belong Nowhere”: Conflict-Related Sexual Violence and Social Identity in Post-Genocide Rwanda
Authors: Denov Myriam , Eramian Laura , Shevell Meaghan
Published: May 2020

Globally, the systematic use of sexual violence in modern warfare has resulted in the birth of thousands of children. Research has begun to focus on this often invisible group and the obstacles they face, including stigma, discrimination and exclusion based on their birth origins. Although sexual violence during the Rwandan genocide has been documented on a massive scale, little research has focused on the relational dynamics between mothers who experienced genocide rape and the children they bore. This paper explores the post-genocide realities of these two under-explored populations, revealing two key tensions in relation to identity-building and belonging. Drawing upon in-depth interviews conducted with 44 mothers and 60 youth, we examine how youth participants’ quest for the truth in forming their own identities is often in conflict with mothers’ efforts to disassociate their identities from sexual violence and genocide. Furthermore, both mothers’ and children’s identities remain ‘caught’ in the rigid ethnic politics of the genocide at the national level. Ultimately, this article highlights that the distinction between the self and the larger politics of post-genocide Rwanda are not easily disentangled, as challenges faced by these families exist at the nexus of the personal and the national, the individual and structural.
Rapid reduction in ecosystem productivity caused by flash drought based on
decade-long FLUXNET observations
Authors: Zhang Miao , Yuan Xing
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Flash drought is characterized by its rapid onset and arouses wide concerns due to its devastating impacts on the environment and society without sufficient early warnings. The increasing frequency of flash drought in a warming climate highlights the importance of understanding its impact on terrestrial ecosystems. Previous studies investigated the vegetation dynamics during several extreme cases of flash drought, but there is no quantitative assessment on how fast the carbon fluxes respond to flash drought based on decade-long records with different climates and vegetation conditions. Here we identify flash drought events by considering decline rate of soil moisture and the drought persistency, and detect the response of ecosystem carbon and water fluxes to flash drought during its onset and recovery stages based on observations at 34 FLUXNET stations from grasslands to forests. Corresponding to the sharp decline in soil moisture, gross primary productivity (GPP) drops below its normal conditions in the first 16 days and reduces to its minimum within 24 days for more than 50 % of the 165 identified flash drought events, and savannas show highest sensitivity to flash drought. Water use efficiency increases for forests but decreases for cropland and savanna during the recovery stage of flash droughts. These results demonstrate the rapid responses of vegetation productivity and physiological adaptation for forest ecosystems to flash drought.