bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saúde mental de profissionais de enfermagem em contextos hospitalares durante a pandemia de covid-19
Authors: Galon Tanyse , Navarro Vera Lucia , Gonçalves Angélica Martins de Souza , Silva Vitória Francine
Published: September 2024

Identifica os impactos da pandemia de covid-19 para a saúde mental dos profissionais de enfermagem em contextos hospitalares, segundo os próprios trabalhadores. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo realizado com 15 profissionais de enfermagem, entrevistados por meio de três grupos focais online, analisados a partir da hermenêutica-dialética. Emergiram três categorias temáticas: "A pandemia intensificou a precarização do trabalho da enfermagem", "Formas de sofrimento emocional enfrentadas pela enfermagem" e "Desvalorização apesar dos esforços diante da pandemia". É urgente a busca de fortalecimento dos serviços de atenção à saúde dos trabalhadores e da luta coletiva e permanente da categoria pela garantia de direitos no trabalho.
Licença parental em perspectiva de gênero: aportes do direito comparado
Authors: Saladini Ana Paula Sefrin , Assad Sandra Mara Flügel
Published: September 2024

Investiga a limitação do atual desenho normativo brasileiro em relação às licenças parentais. O método de abordagem do problema será o comparativo. O estudo examina os fundamentos dos métodos necessários para proceder a uma comparação de sistemas jurídicos, relata o tratamento dado pelos direitos português e brasileiro aos afastamentos do trabalho por pais e mães para atendimento aos filhos nos primeiros meses de vida e realiza um confronto dos sistemas. Conclui que a comparação em perspectiva de gênero pode alavancar o avanço das regras de proteção à parentalidade no sentido de um modelo mais eficiente e menos discriminatório.
Tutela provisória no processo do trabalho e a jurisprudência consolidada do TST
Authors: Salviano Mauricio de Carvalho
Published: September 2024

O CPC, no artigo 294 e seguintes, trata do tema Tutela Provisória, que pode ser dividida em Urgência e em Evidência. Como é uma temática do Processo Civil, é sabido, ante o princípio da Subsidiariedade, que o Processo do Trabalho permite o uso destas regras, com base no artigo 769 da CLT, que permite o uso do Processo Comum quando a CLT for omissa e não houver incompatibilidade entre os princípios e normas trabalhistas. Com base nisso, a proposta deste artigo é analisar Orientações Jurisprudenciais do TST que tratam de Tutela Provisória, para verificar se há sintonia com a atual legislação processual, e se estão necessitando ou não de adaptações em seus textos, para sua correta aplicação pelas Cortes Trabalhistas.
Política pública de tratamento adequado de conflitos
Authors: Camara Eduardo Henrique Brennand Dornelas , Botelho Laura Cavalcanti de Morais , Freitas Maurício Assuero Lima de
Published: September 2024

O Supremo Tribunal Federal, ao eleger o tratamento adequado dos conflitos como uma política pública do Poder Judiciário, estabeleceu um novo princípio a ser seguido com o objetivo de garantir amplo acesso à Justiça. Para tanto, houve a centralização de estruturas judiciárias com a criação dos CEJUSCs. Conforme dados do Justiça em Números há uma estabilização do percentual de conciliação nos Tribunais, impondo-se a reavaliação do ciclo da política pública, para identificar métodos e meios que auxiliem a superar esta estagnação. Este artigo propõe a observação do fenômeno da ancoragem sobre o valor da causa, contraposto ao valor líquido da execução, para estabelecer um critério objetivo auxiliar no incremento das conciliações.
Perícia psicológica para o reconhecimento entre o transtorno mental e o trabalho
Authors: Ambrosio Graziella
Published: September 2024

O psicólogo do trabalho é o profissional mais adequado para a realização da perícia psicológica envolvendo a relação entre o transtorno mental e o trabalho. Trata-se de profissional que pode não apenas identificar o transtorno como também a relação entre esse e o trabalho. A perícia realizada por esse profissional abrange a entrevista psicológica, a aplicação de testes psicológicos e a visita ao local de trabalho, instrumentos fundamentais para a verificação de todos os elementos necessários à configuração da responsabilidade civil.
Em defesa da imprescritibilidade da "escravidão moderna"
Authors: Nelson Rocco Antonio Rangel Rosso
Published: September 2024

Trata do delito de redução à condição análoga à de escravo prescrito no art. 149 do Código penal. A escolha do tema se justifica diante da busca de implementar o trabalho decente como 8º ODS da Agenda 2030, bem como pelo elevadíssimo número de trabalhadores resgatados no ano de 2023 em relação ao ano de 2022 pela fiscalização do trabalho. A pesquisa em tela se utiliza de uma metodologia de análise qualitativa, usando-se os métodos de abordagem hipotético-dedutivos de caráter descritivo e analítico, adotando-se técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, em que se visita a legislação, a doutrina e a jurisprudência, tendo por desiderato analisar a viabilidade jurídica do reconhecimento da imprescritibilidade do crime de condição análoga à de escravo.
aplicação de direitos humanos às recomendações exaradas pelo Ministério Público do Trabalho do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Gessinger Marcirio Barcellos , Ferreira Halandra Araujo
Published: September 2024

Compreende como ocorre a aplicação de direitos humanos às recomendações do Ministério Público do Trabalho do Rio Grande do Sul. Utilizar-se-á de pesquisa jurisprudencial em combinação à análise de conteúdo e à técnica de análise categorial. De um universo de 1.365 recomendações, chegou-se a uma amostra de 304, com confiança de 95%. A partir dos dados, concluiu-se que o objeto de pesquisa é constituído dentro de um panorama específico. A aplicação, então, é um fenômeno recente, tendo ocorrido em apenas 15,5% das recomendações, circunscrito a matérias e a tratados específicos da Organização Internacional do Trabalho ou do sistema universal de proteção dos direitos humanos.
Cabimento da arbitragem para dirimir dissídios trabalhistas
Authors: Martins Sergio Pinto
Published: September 2024

O artigo vai analisar o cabimento da arbitragem para dirimir dissídios trabalhistas
Apresentação
Authors: Lopes Evandro Pereira Valadão
Published: September 2024

Apresentação do v. 90, n. 2 (2024) da Revista do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho
sentença penal condenatória como título executivo judicial na Justiça do Trabalho
Authors: Bebber Júlio César
Published: September 2024

O presente texto explora o contato existente entre as responsabilidades (e as jurisdições) civil e penal, aborda os efeitos da decisão penal na esfera civil e justifica o entendimento de que a sentença penal condenatória transitada em julgado (CPC, 515, VI; CPP, 63), de crime praticado no âmbito da relação de emprego, é título executivo judicial para efeito de execução perante a Justiça do Trabalho.
Dano existencial coletivo continuado e o “Caso Eternit”: a morte lenta e silenciosa dos trabalhadores como consequência do “acidente de trabalho em massa” que se perpetua no tempo
Authors: Rodrigues Elaine Barbosa
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de demonstrar a possibilidade de reparação por dano existencial coletivo “continuado”, em decorrência de acidente de trabalho em massa que se perpetua no tempo. Assim, relativamente à problematização do tema sub examen, aborda-se o instituto do dano existencial, positivado na CLT com a Reforma Trabalhista de 2017, demonstrando, ainda os variados conceitos do instituto frisando a lesão à existência humana, com o consequente “futuro roubado”. Ainda, são evidenciados critérios objetivos para a configuração do dano existencial nas relações de trabalho e a distinção entre dano moral e existencial. Ademais, como metodologia, serão analisadas recentes decisões judiciais envolvendo acidente de trabalho, com ênfase ao direito à indenização por dano existencial. Nessa ordem de ideias, trata-se do dano existencial coletivo e acidente de trabalho em massa, procedendo-se à análise do “Caso Eternit”, demonstrando, como resultado alcançado, a configuração do dano existencial coletivo continuado na hipótese estudada.
Philippe Vilain, ’o francese : lecture socio-anthropologique de l’expérience napolitaine du passage du statut d’étranger à celui d’adopté
Authors: Villain-Carapella Florian
Published: September 2024

Cet article se propose d’interpréter la place singulière que la ville de Naples occupe dans l’oeuvre de Philippe Vilain. À la lumière de considérations d’ordre socio-anthropologique sur le sens de l’adoption dans certaines pratiques napolitaines traditionnelles, nous essaierons de soutenir l’hypothèse selon laquelle le passage du statut de voyageur étranger à celui de napolitain adopté constitue l’aboutissement d’un parcours littéraire original qui fonde son dispositif autofictionnel sur la nécessité de porter et de dépasser ce que l’écrivain appelle « la voix orpheline du je ».
Precise measurements of electron g factors in bound states of few-electron ions
Authors: Tu Bing-Sheng ,   Shanghai EBIT Lab, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Published: September 2024

The electron g factor is an important fundamental structural parameter in atomic physics, as it reveals various mechanisms of interactions between electrons and external fields. Precise measurements of g factors of bound electrons in simple atomic and molecular systems provide an effective method for investigating the bound-state quantum electrodynamics (QED) theory. Especially in highly-charged heavy ions (HCIs), the strong electromagnetic interactions between the nuclei and inner-shell electrons provide unique opportunities to test QED under extremely strong fields. Accurate measurements of the g factors of the bound-state electrons are also important for determining nuclear effects, nuclear parameters and fundamental constants. The research on g factors of the bound-state electrons has become a frontier topic in fundamental physics. A Penning trap, which uses steady-state electromagnetic fields to confine charged particles, is utilized to precisely measure the g factor. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the experiments on g factors for few-electron simple systems in Penning traps, including experimental principles, experimental setups, measurement methods, and a summary of important research findings. The physical concept of the electron g factor and its historical research background are introduced. The electron g factor is considered as an effective probe to study higher-order QED effects. Through high-precision measurements of the free electron g factor, discrepancies between the fine-structure constants and other experimental results in atomic physics are identified. Notably, the g factor of the 1s electron in HCIs deviates significantly from the value for free electrons as the atomic number increases. Experimental principles, including the principle of the Penning trap and the principle of measuring the bound-state electron g factors are discussed. A double-trap experiment setup and related precision measurement techniques are also introduced.

This paper reviews several milestone experiments including (1) the stringent test of bound-state QED by precise measurement of bound-state electron g factor of a 118Sn49+ ion, (2) measurement of the g factors of lithium-like and boron-like ions and their applications, and (3) measurement of the g-factor isotope shift by using an advanced two-ion balance technique in the Penning trap, providing an insight into the QED effects in nuclear recoil. Finally, this paper summarizes the challenges currently faced in measuring the g factors of bound-state electrons in few-electron ion systems and provides the prospects for the future developments of this field.
Translational control in the spinal cord regulates gene expression and pain hypersensitivity in the chronic phase of neuropathic pain
Authors: Lister Kevin C , Wong Calvin , Uttam Sonali , Parisien Marc , Stecum Patricia , Brown Nicole , Cai Weihua , Hooshmandi Mehdi , Gu Ning , Amiri Mehdi , Beaudry Francis , Jafarnejad Seyed Mehdi , Tavares-Ferreira Diana , Inturi Nikhil Nageshwar , Mazhar Khadijah , Zhao Hien T , Fitzsimmons Bethany , Gkogkas Christos G , Sonenberg Nahum , Price Theodore J , Diatchenko Luda , Atlasi Yaser , Mogil Jeffrey S , Khoutorsky Arkady
Published: September 2024

Sensitization of spinal nociceptive circuits plays a crucial role in neuropathic pain. This sensitization depends on new gene expression that is primarily regulated via transcriptional and translational control mechanisms. The relative roles of these mechanisms in regulating gene expression in the clinically relevant chronic phase of neuropathic pain are not well understood. Here, we show that changes in gene expression in the spinal cord during the chronic phase of neuropathic pain are substantially regulated at the translational level. Downregulating spinal translation at the chronic phase alleviated pain hypersensitivity. Cell-type-specific profiling revealed that spinal inhibitory neurons exhibited greater changes in translation after peripheral nerve injury compared to excitatory neurons. Notably, increasing translation selectively in all inhibitory neurons or parvalbumin-positive (PV
+
) interneurons, but not excitatory neurons, promoted mechanical pain hypersensitivity. Furthermore, increasing translation in PV
+
neurons decreased their intrinsic excitability and spiking activity, whereas reducing translation in spinal PV
+
neurons prevented the nerve injury-induced decrease in excitability. Thus, translational control mechanisms in the spinal cord, particularly in inhibitory neurons, play a role in mediating neuropathic pain hypersensitivity.
Regulatory genome annotation of 33 insect species
Authors: Asma Hasiba , Tieke Ellen , Deem Kevin D , Rahmat Jabale , Dong Tiffany , Huang Xinbo , Tomoyasu Yoshinori , Halfon Marc S
Published: September 2024

Annotation of newly-sequenced genomes frequently includes genes, but rarely covers important non-coding genomic features such as the
cis
-regulatory modules—e.g., enhancers and silencers—that regulate gene expression. Here, we begin to remedy this situation by developing a workflow for rapid initial annotation of insect regulatory sequences, and provide a searchable database resource with enhancer predictions for 33 genomes. Using our previously-developed SCRMshaw computational enhancer prediction method, we predict over 2.8 million regulatory sequences along with the tissues where they are expected to be active, in a set of insect species ranging over 360 million years of evolution. Extensive analysis and validation of the data provides several lines of evidence suggesting that we achieve a high true-positive rate for enhancer prediction. One, we show that our predictions target specific loci, rather than random genomic locations. Two, we predict enhancers in orthologous loci across a diverged set of species to a significantly higher degree than random expectation would allow. Three, we demonstrate that our predictions are highly enriched for regions of accessible chromatin. Four, we achieve a validation rate in excess of 70% using in vivo reporter gene assays. As we continue to annotate both new tissues and new species, our regulatory annotation resource will provide a rich source of data for the research community and will have utility for both small-scale (single gene, single species) and large-scale (many genes, many species) studies of gene regulation. In particular, the ability to search for functionally-related regulatory elements in orthologous loci should greatly facilitate studies of enhancer evolution even among distantly related species.
Isobaric crosslinking mass spectrometry technology for studying conformational and structural changes in proteins and complexes
Authors: Luo Jie , Ranish Jeff
Published: September 2024

Dynamic conformational and structural changes in proteins and protein complexes play a central and ubiquitous role in the regulation of protein function, yet it is very challenging to study these changes, especially for large protein complexes, under physiological conditions. Here we introduce a novel isobaric crosslinker, Qlinker, for studying conformational and structural changes in proteins and protein complexes using quantitative crosslinking mass spectrometry (qCLMS). Qlinkers are small and simple, amine-reactive molecules with an optimal extended distance of ∼10 Å which use MS2 reporter ions for relative quantification of Qlinker-modified peptides derived from different samples. We synthesized the 2-plex Q2linker and showed that the Q2linker can provide quantitative crosslinking data that pinpoints key conformational and structural changes in biosensors, binary and ternary complexes composed of the general transcription factors TBP, TFIIA, and TFIIB, and RNA polymerase II (pol II) complexes.
Varied Lineage Thyroid Malignancies in Longstanding Thyroid Swellings: A Series of Three Cases
Authors: Muthusamy Vimalakannan , Janardhan Karpagam , Prabhullan Lakshmi V , Ashok Vivekanand
Published: September 2024

Long-standing thyroid swellings can present therapeutic and diagnostic challenges. Although benign, these nodules can harbour malignancies of diverse lineages ranging from those of follicular cell origin to rare malignancies such as lymphomas and paragangliomas. Here, the authors are sharing their three clinical experiences with thyroid neoplasms of long duration. The first case is a 42-year-old male patient who presented with an anterior neck swelling of 12 years’ duration. Postoperatively, a diagnosis of Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) lymphoma was made based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. In the second case, a 43-yearold male presented with a neck swelling with eight years of history. Intraoperatively, the lesion was found to be locally aggressive with infiltration into the strap muscles and trachea. A tissue diagnosis of paraganglioma of the thyroid gland was made postoperatively. The third case involves a 72-year-old female who had undergone a left thyroidectomy 10 years back and presented to the Outpatient Department (OPD) with a history of right-sided neck swelling associated with dysphagia and a change in voice. The patient was diagnosed with anaplastic carcinoma, specifically squamous cell carcinoma. Thyroid lesions of abnormally large size create intraoperative problems concerning securing an adequate airway, locating anatomical structures, especially the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN), parathyroids, and great vessels of the neck. Postoperatively, the tissue features may be very uncharacteristic, making reaching a proper diagnosis difficult. The use of immunohistochemistry helps in determining the cell lineage and type of malignancy
Mycorrhizae: A Rhizolive Symbiotic Fungi in Organic Agriculture
Authors: Gayathry G. , Natarajan K. , Jayalakshmi T. , Radha R. Vinu , Sugumaran M.P. , Sunitha R. , Kumutha K.
Published: September 2024

Mycorrhizae, a symbiotic association between fungal hyphae and plant roots, play a crucial role in achieving sustainable development goals in natural farming by enhancing soil structure, nutrient uptake, and plant growth. Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (AM) and Ectomycorrhizae are often encouraged in no-tillage systems and conservation agriculture. Mycorrhizal fungi, particularly within the rhizolive consortium, are shown to improve soil fertility, water retention, heavy metal degradation, and disease resistance. They assist in nutrient cycling, especially phosphorus, and contribute to soil aggregation through the secretion of Glomalin-Related Soil Proteins (GRSP). The use of AM fungi in pest and disease management, land rehabilitation, and bioremediation is highlighted, emphasizing their potential in sustainable agriculture. The paper also outlines methods for the mass production of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi as biofertilizers, including soil-less culture, carrier-based inoculum, and hairy root culture techniques. Certain agronomic practices and modifications in the existing land management practices by multiple cropping systems rather than mono-cropping to deliberately improve the resource use efficiency and soil organic carbon dynamics through this symbiotic relationship in enhancing soil health, plant productivity, and ecological balance in farming systems.
Review of Earthquake Resistance and Mitigation of Underground Structures
Authors: Yan Yinpu
Published: September 2024

The rapid development of underground structural engineering in China has been accompanied by pressing issues in the research of earthquake resistance and mitigation. Typically, underground structures exhibit good seismic performance with relatively few disasters. However, once they are damaged by earthquakes, the consequences can be severe and difficult to repair. This paper first elaborates on the prototype observation, theoretical analysis, model testing, and numerical simulation involved in seismic response analysis of underground structures. It comprehensively analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of different research methods. Finally, it summarizes the research achievements on technical measures to mitigate earthquake damage to underground structures in strong earthquake regions, both domestically and internationally.
Effective Marginal Field Production Using Electric Submersible Pump: Niger Delta Case Study
Authors: C. Kalu-Ulu, Torty , N. Okon, Anietie , Dulu. Appah,
Published: September 2024

Operators often abandon marginal field development and production to find reliable and available equipment and services to enable the field to be developed. These challenges make it difficult to produce such fields economically. This research uses industry-based simulators (PIPESIM, INTERSECT, and PETREL) to design a well-completion with an electric submersible pump (ESP) and simulate to evaluate the performance of ESP on a typical marginal oilfield. INTERSECT software was used to describe the reservoir. PIPESIM was used to design the artificial lift system of the wells (ESP), and PETREL was used to integrate the entire system for effective production optimization. Three economic indicators, Net Present Value (NPV), Profitability Index (PI), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR), were used to analyze the economic viability of these projects. The performance of the electric submersible pump (ESP) wells was simulated and compared with the performance of the natural flowing wells and the projected production forecast. The results obtained from the production forecast showed that the ESP wells provided superior oil production compared to the unassisted natural flow conditions. ESP-assisted wells increased production at an average rate of 400% of the natural flow capacity to the surface flow network. The cumulative production increase was 392% during the simulated period of 5023 days before a significant production decline occurred in the ESP's performances. The economic analysis indicated that all wells assisted with ESPs are profitable at 12%, 15%, and 20% discounted rates, representing the operator’s capital cost. All NPVs are positive, with PI greater than 1. For IRRs, the IRR values for ESP wells were observed to be between 20.1 and 45.83%, which are higher than the discounted rates of 12%, 15% and 20%. Furthermore, the study's findings offer new and exciting ways to develop and transform abandoned oilfields into productive and economically sustainable marginal oilfields.
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica Bacteremia in a Newborn at the University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo, Burkina Faso: A Case Report
Authors: Kafando Hervé , Hamadé Zonon , Yonaba Caroline , Arsène Ouedraogo Gafourou , Nassirou Saidou Chaibou , Adama Zida , Ouédraogo Abdoul Salam , Diallo Ismaël
Published: September 2024

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a Gram-negative, aerobic bacillus found in the environment. It is an important hospital-acquired bacterium, mainly affecting newborn and immunocompromised patients. It is naturally resistant to many standard antibiotics, making it difficult to choose the right probabilistic antibiotic therapy. We report the first case of E. meningoseptica bacteremia in a newborn in a tertiary care university hospital in Burkina Faso, with the aim of raising awareness among practitioners to reduce morbidity and mortality attributable to infections caused by this emerging bacterium.
Chemical and Physicochemical Properties of the Lipid Extract of (Ricinodendron heudelotii) Baill. Almonds (Euphorbiaceae) from Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Souleymane Bamba , Alexis Gué Lieuné , Hyacinthe Ouattara Logopho , Lanciné Traoré , Séverin Katou Yapo , Mida Kabran Guy Roger , Jacques Konan Dibi , Mohamed Belemlilga Bonewendé
Published: September 2024

The study focused on the valorisation of the fat extracted from the kernels of Ricinodendron heudelotii, (Baill.)  a plant of the Euphorbiaceae family cultivated in Côte d'Ivoire. The extraction was performed using Soxhlet with n-hexane, followed by the determination of fatty acids and physicochemical parameters such as acid, ester, peroxide, saponification, and iodine indices, as well as calorific value and unsaponifiable matter content. The oil obtained has a pale yellow colour and a fat content of 38.70 ± 0.45%. The physicochemical analysis yielded the following results: an iodine index of 109.51 ± 0.86 g iodine/100 g oil, indicating a high level of unsaturated fatty acids, primarily linoleic acid (45.21%); a peroxide index of 23.33 ± 2.35 meq O2/kg oil, revealing a high level of primary oxidation and low oxidative stability; a saponification index of 187.70 ± 11.19 mg KOH/g oil, reflecting a significant content of esterified and free fatty acids; an acid index of 4.20 ± 1.14 mg KOH/g oil, within the acceptable limits for edible oils; an ester index of 183.50 ± 10.05 mg KOH/g oil; a calorific value of 40414.44 ± 427.36 kJ/kg, suggesting its potential as an energy source; and an unsaponifiable matter content of 0.72 ± 0.08%.
GC-MS analysis revealed a low content of saturated fatty acids and a significant proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, primarily linoleic acid. These findings suggest that Ricinodendron heudelotii fat may have potential applications in food and as a source of energy. However, its high oxidative instability indicates that precautions must be taken when using it in food products.
Estimation of Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis for Quality and Agronomic Traits in in Forage Sorghum
Authors: Ahalawat Shivani , Singh S.K. , Gangwar L.K. , Chand Pooran , Kumar Mukesh
Published: September 2024

Ten genotypes i.e., CSV-15, Pusa Chari-6, HC-308, Pant Chari-4, G-48, HJ-513, UP Chari4, HC-171, SSG-59-3 and ICSV-700 studied for genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for days to  flowering, plant height, leaf length, leaf breadth, stem girth, leaves per plant, leaf area, leaf stem ratio, total soluble solids, protein content, fiber content, HCN content and green fodder yield. The analysis of variance for the experiment with fifty-five treatments for all the thirteen attributes revealed significant differences among the material used in the present investigation, which indicated that wide spectrum of variation among the genotypes. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were found higher for leaf stem ratio and green fodder yield, which indicating that more variability and scope for selection in improving these characters. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance as percent of mean noted for leaf breadth, stem girth, leaves per plant, leaf area, leaf stem ratio, total soluble solids and green fodder yield. This indicated that these traits were highly heritable and selection of high performing genotypes is possible to improve these attributes. Green fodder yield exhibited significant stable and positive correlation with days to 50% flowering, plant height, leaf length, leaf breadth, stem girth, leaves per plant and leaf area at genotypic and phenotypic level. These characters may be considered as important yield component in forage sorghum. Leaf breadth displayed high order of direct effect on green fodder yield per plant followed by leaves per plant, leaf length and stem girth at phenotypic and genotypic level, which indicated that the contribution of individual attributes to fodder yield is of importance in planning a sound breeding programme for developing for high yielding varieties.
Compatibility and Toxicity of Lecanicillium lecanii with Insecticides against Cotton Aphids In vitro
Authors: Nikhade P. B. , Bhalkare S. K. , Patil Y. B. , Ingle Y. V. , Satpute N. S. , Undirwade D. B.
Published: September 2024

Background: Lecanicillium lecanii is the most effective entomopathogenic fungus against all stages of sucking pests like aphids, whiteflies, scale insects, thrips and mealybugs. The compatibility of fungi with commonly used insecticides was investigated in this study.
Aim: To study the In vitro compatibility and toxicity of Lecanicillium lecanii with insecticides against cotton aphids.
Study Design: Completely Randomized Design.
Methodology: Six different insecticides were evaluated under in vitro conditions against L. lecanii by the poison food technique. The results showed that insecticides, viz., Dinotefuran 20 SG (0.006%), Afidopyropen 50 g/L DC (0.1%), Diafenthiuron 50 WP (0.06%) and Buprofezin 25 SC (0.05%), were rated as harmless and proved compatible with L. lecanii. Pyriproxyfen 10 EC (0.016%) and Tolfenpyrad 15 EC (0.03%) were moderately harmful to L. lecanii. Furthermore, the toxicity of insecticides alone and in combination with the entomopathogenic fungus L. lecanii against the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, was assessed by topical application bioassay under laboratory conditions.
Results: Cent percent mortality of A. gossypii was recorded with Diafenthiuron 50 WP (0.06%), Dinotefuran 20 SG (0.006%) and Afidopyropen 50 g/L DC (0.1%) at the recommended dose and their combination at half of the recommended dose with L. lecanii (1×107 conidia/ml) at 72 h after treatment. While minimum mortality was observed with the individual treatment of L. lecanii (1×107 conidia/ml).
Conclusion: This study suggests that the most suitable insecticides at half of the recommended dose, when combined with L. lecanii, can be effectively integrated into pest management programs.
Covid-19 and Role of the Caregivers of the Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Nasif Ajmain Fayak Al , Anika Jeba
Published: September 2024

Background: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are the most vulnerable group in the society, who have suffered a lot during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Objectives: The main objective of this study is to explore the strategies taken by the caregivers of the ASD children during the Covid-19 pandemic. 
Methodology: The study followed a holistic mixed-method approach. Simple random sampling was used to select the respondents to conduct a survey for the research. For quantitative analysis Chi-square test has been conducted to examine the association between the variables. For the qualitative part of the study, 5 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were carried out from the experts (such as therapists and teachers) by constructing 15 open-ended questions.
Results: Analysis of data revealed the strategies taken by the caregivers of the ASD children during the Covid-19 pandemic such as- assigning therapists, providing teletherapy, making session plans and taking online classes. It has also disclosed the behavioral changes noticed by the caregivers of the ASD children such as hyperactivity, lack of attention. In this research, for quantitative analysis a total 248 data were collected from the caregivers (parents) of the ASD Children in Dhaka City and most of the respondents (80%) were the mother of the children. 98% of the parents observed some sorts of behavioral changes and 90% of them followed different strategies for their mental and physical development during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Conclusion: To put it simply, sufferings of the ASD children and their caregivers know no bounds during the pandemic. The caregivers fought many more challenges than we can imagine from the outside.
Finanzierungspersonengesellschaft, -kapitalgesellschaft: Steuerliche Risiken und Gestaltungschancen bei der konzerninternen Finanzierung von Mitunternehmerschaften
Authors: Zabel Dana
Published: September 2024

Die grenzüberschreitende Konzernfinanzierung deutscher Kapitalgesellschaften ist Gegenstand ständiger steuerrechtlicher Auseinandersetzungen und Quell zahlreicher Meinungsäußerungen aus der Finanzverwaltung, Rechtsprechung, Steuerberatungspraxis und Wissenschaft. Dagegen führen die steuerlichen Folgen der Finanzierung deutscher Mitunternehmerschaften durch ausländische Konzernfinanzierungsgesellschaften eher ein Schattendasein. In diesem Beitrag wird anhand eines Fallbeispiels den steuerlichen Risiken und Gestaltungschancen der Finanzierung inländischer Kommanditgesellschaften durch eine ausländische Konzernfinanzierungsgesellschaft auf den Grund gegangen. Dabei wird sowohl das Szenario einer Finanzierungsgesellschaft in der Rechtsform einer Personengesellschaft als auch einer Kapitalgesellschaft betrachtet.
Characteristic temperatures of hypervelocity dust impact plasmas
Authors: Collette A. , Malaspina D. M. , Sternovsky Z.
Published: August 2016

The effective ion and electron temperatures of dust impact generated plasma clouds are measured experimentally as a function of impact speed in the range of 4–20 km/s. The measurements are performed in an experimental setup that resembles the detection of dust particles by electric field or plasma wave antennas on spacecraft. The spacecraft is modeled as a conductive plate and a cylindrical antenna connected to voltage follower electronics is used to measure the collected charge. The setup is bombarded with dust particles using the University of Colorado IMPACT dust accelerator facility. The effective ion and electron temperatures are determined from the variation of the impact signals with an applied bias voltage. The results show that the temperatures of the electrons remain at around or below 5 eV over the investigated impact speed range. The characteristic ion temperature is about 5 eV at 4 km/s; however, it increases with increasing impact speed to > 10 eV at 20 km/s. Given that the floating potentials of spacecraft and antennas are on the order of a few volts, the findings suggest that any model for the interpretation of dust impact signals should take into account the effects of a finite temperatures.
Destabilization of glacial climate by the radiative impact of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation disruptions
Authors: Galbraith Eric D. , Merlis Timothy M. , Palter Jaime B.
Published: August 2016

During each of the dramatic global warmings that ended the Pleistocene ice ages, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) was disrupted. It is not clear whether this was a contributing cause or simply an effect of deglaciation. Here we show that in an ensemble of simulations with a global climate model, AMOC disruption causes a consistent and sustained positive radiative imbalance of ~0.4 W m−2. The imbalance is accommodated by heat accumulation in the ocean interior, representing an overall planetary warming, subsequently released by deep convection in the North Atlantic when the AMOC resumes. The results suggest a means by which AMOC disruptions could have helped to tip the planet out of stable glaciated states. However, the fact that AMOC disruptions occurred during prior Heinrich Stadials without causing deglaciation shows that other factors, such as ice sheet dynamics, or controls on CO2, were also key for deglaciation.
Physical mechanism causing rapid changes in ultrarelativistic electron pitch angle distributions right after a shock arrival: Evaluation of an electron dropout event
Authors: Zhang X.‐J. , Li W. , Thorne R. M. , Angelopoulos V. , Ma Q. , Li J. , Bortnik J. , Nishimura Y. , Chen L. , Baker D. N. , Reeves G. D. , Spence H. E. , Kletzing C. A. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Blake J. B. , Fennell J. F.
Published: August 2016

Three mechanisms have been proposed to explain relativistic electron flux depletions (dropouts) in the Earth's outer radiation belt during storm times: adiabatic expansion of electron drift shells due to a decrease in magnetic field strength, magnetopause shadowing and subsequent outward radial diffusion, and precipitation into the atmosphere (driven by EMIC wave scattering). Which mechanism predominates in causing electron dropouts commonly observed in the outer radiation belt is still debatable. In the present study, we evaluate the physical mechanism that may be primarily responsible for causing the sudden change in relativistic electron pitch angle distributions during a dropout event observed by Van Allen Probes during the main phase of the 27 February 2014 storm. During this event, the phase space density of ultrarelativistic (>1 MeV) electrons was depleted by more than 1 order of magnitude over the entire radial extent of the outer radiation belt (3 < L* < 5) in less than 6 h after the passage of an interplanetary shock. We model the electron pitch angle distribution under a compressed magnetic field topology based on actual solar wind conditions. Although these ultrarelativistic electrons exhibit highly anisotropic (peaked in 90°), energy‐dependent pitch angle distributions, which appear to be associated with the typical EMIC wave scattering, comparison of the modeled electron distribution to electron measurements indicates that drift shell splitting is responsible for this rapid change in electron pitch angle distributions. This further indicates that magnetopause loss is the predominant cause of the electron dropout right after the shock arrival.
Theoretical limits on detection and analysis of small earthquakes
Authors: Kwiatek Grzegorz , Ben‐Zion Yehuda
Published: August 2016

We investigate theoretical limits on detection and reliable estimates of source characteristics of small earthquakes using synthetic seismograms for shear/tensile dislocations on kinematic circular ruptures and observed seismic noise and properties of several acquisition systems (instrument response, sampling rate). Simulated source time functions for shear/tensile dislocation events with different magnitudes, static stress drops, and rupture velocities provide estimates for the amplitude and frequency content of P and S phases at various observation angles. The source time functions are convolved with a Green's function for a homogenous solid assuming given P, S wave velocities and attenuation coefficients and a given instrument response. The synthetic waveforms are superposed with average levels of the observed ambient seismic noise up to 1 kHz. The combined seismograms are used to calculate signal‐to‐noise ratios and expected frequency content of P and S phases at various locations. The synthetic simulations of signal‐to‐noise ratio reproduce observed ratios extracted from several well‐recorded data sets. The results provide guidelines on detection of small events in various geological environments, along with information relevant to reliable analyses of earthquake source properties.
Novel determination of radon‐222 velocity in deep subsurface rocks and the feasibility to using radon as an earthquake precursor
Authors: Zafrir Hovav , Ben Horin Yochai , Malik Uri , Chemo Chaim , Zalevsky Zeev
Published: August 2016

A novel technique utilizing simultaneous radon monitoring by gamma and alpha detectors to differentiate between the radon climatic driving forces and others has been improved and used for deep subsurface investigation. Detailed long‐term monitoring served as a proxy for studying radon movement within the shallow and deep subsurface, as well as for analyzing the effect of various parameters of the radon transport pattern. The main achievements of the investigation are (a) determination, for the first time, of the radon movement velocity within rock layers at depths of several tens of meters, namely, 25 m/h on average; (b) distinguishing between the diurnal periodical effect of the ambient temperature and the semidiurnal effect of the ambient pressure on the radon temporal spectrum; and (c) identification of a radon random preseismic anomaly preceding the Nuweiba, M 5.5 earthquake of 27 June 2015 that occurred within Dead Sea Fault Zone.
Waves in polar lows
Authors: Orimolade A. P. , Furevik B. R. , Noer G. , Gudmestad O. T. , Samelson R. M.
Published: August 2016

In a rather stationary fetch, one would not expect large waves in polar low situations. However, the picture changes when one considers a moving fetch. The significant wave heights that may be associated with the recorded polar lows on the Norwegian continental shelf from December 1999 to October 2015 are estimated using a one‐dimensional parametric wave model. A comparison of the measured and the forecasted significant wave heights in two recent polar low cases in the Barents Sea is presented. The estimated significant wave heights show that the values could have been up to and above 9 m. The forecasted significant wave heights considerably underestimated the measured significant wave heights in the two recent polar low cases that are considered. Furthermore, a generalization of the fetch‐limited wave equation in polar lows is proposed, which allows the wind field to vary in space and time, and is shown to give results that are consistent with the one‐dimensional parametric model.
Investigation of liquid cloud microphysical properties of deep convective systems: 1. Parameterization raindrop size distribution and its application for stratiform rain estimation
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Dong Xiquan , Xi Baike , Heymsfield Andrew J.
Published: August 2016

To investigate liquid‐phase (T > 3°C) cloud and precipitation microphysical properties within Deep Convective Systems (DCSs), eight DCS cases sampled by the University of North Dakota Citation II research aircraft during Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment were selected. A full spectrum of raindrop size distribution (DSD) was constructed from 120 µm to 4000 µm through a combination of two‐dimensional cloud probe (120 to 900 µm) and High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (900 to 4000 µm) data sets. A total of 1126 five second DSDs have been used to fit to Gamma and Exponential functions within the stratiform rain (SR) regions of DCSs. The Gamma shape μΓ and slope λΓ parameters are then compared with those derived from surface disdrometer measurements. The similar μΓ‐λΓ relationships but different μΓ and λΓ value ranges from two independent platforms at different elevations may represent the real nature of DSD shape information in clouds and at the surface. To apply the exponentially fitted DSD parameters to precipitation estimation using Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) radar reflectivity factor Ze, the terms N0E and λE have been parameterized as a function of Ze using an empirical N0E‐λE relationship. The averaged SR rain rate retrieved from this study is almost identical to the surface measurements, while the NEXRAD Q2 precipitation is twice as large. The comparisons indicate that the new DSD parameterization scheme is robust, while the Q2 SR precipitation estimation based on Marshall‐Palmer Z‐R relationship, where a constant DSD intercept parameter (N0E) was assumed, needs to be improved for heavy precipitation cases.
Quantifying wintertime boundary layer ozone production from frequent profile measurements in the Uinta Basin, UT, oil and gas region
Authors: Schnell Russell C. , Johnson Bryan J. , Oltmans Samuel J. , Cullis Patrick , Sterling Chance , Hall Emrys , Jordan Allen , Helmig Detlev , Petron Gabrielle , Ahmadov Ravan , Wendell James , Albee Robert , Boylan Patrick , Thompson Chelsea R. , Evans Jason , Hueber Jacques , Curtis Abigale J. , Park Jeong‐Hoo
Published: August 2016

As part of the Uinta Basin Winter Ozone Study, January–February 2013, we conducted 937 tethered balloon‐borne ozone vertical and temperature profiles from three sites in the Uinta Basin, Utah (UB). Emissions from oil and gas operations combined with snow cover were favorable for producing high ozone‐mixing ratios in the surface layer during stagnant and cold‐pool episodes. The highly resolved profiles documented the development of approximately week‐long ozone production episodes building from regional backgrounds of ~40 ppbv to >165 ppbv within a shallow cold pool up to 200 m in depth. Beginning in midmorning, ozone‐mixing ratios increased uniformly through the cold pool layer at rates of 5–12 ppbv/h. During ozone events, there was a strong diurnal cycle with each succeeding day accumulating 4–8 ppbv greater than the previous day. The top of the elevated ozone production layer was nearly uniform in altitude across the UB independent of topography. Above the ozone production layer, mixing ratios decreased with height to ~ 400 m above ground level where they approached regional background levels. Rapid clean‐out of ozone‐rich air occurred within a day when frontal systems brought in fresh air. Solar heating and basin topography led to a diurnal flow pattern in which daytime upslope winds distributed ozone precursors and ozone in the Basin. NOx‐rich plumes from a coal‐fired power plant in the eastern sector of the Basin did not appear to mix down into the cold pool during this field study.
Multiyear study of the dependence of sea salt aerosol on wind speed and sea ice conditions in the coastal Arctic
Authors: May N. W. , Quinn P. K. , McNamara S. M. , Pratt K. A.
Published: August 2016

Thinning of Arctic sea ice gives rise to ice fracturing and leads (areas of open water surrounded by sea ice) that are a potential source of sea salt aerosol. Atmospheric particle inorganic ion concentrations, local sea ice conditions, and meteorology at Barrow, AK, from 2006 to 2009, were combined to investigate the dependence of submicron (aerodynamic diameter < 1 µm) and supermicron (aerodynamic diameter 1–10 µm) sea salt mass concentrations on sea ice coverage and wind speed. Consistent with a wind‐dependent source, supermicron sea salt mass concentrations increased in the presence of nearby leads and wind speeds greater than 4 m s−1. Increased supermicron and submicron sea salt chloride depletion was observed for periods of low winds or a lack of nearby open water, consistent with transported sea salt influence. Sea salt aerosol produced from leads has the potential to alter cloud formation, as well as the chemical composition of the Arctic atmosphere and snowpack.