bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnóstico sorológico da infecção por HIV/aids no Brasil
Authors: Jorge Castejon Márcia , Hernandes Granato Celso Francisco , De Freitas Oliveira Carmem Aparecida
Published: August 2023

O teste imunoenzimático do tipo ELISA foi comercializado no Brasil logo após ser anunciado nos EUA e Europa e imediatamente utilizado em vários laboratórios públicos e privados. Tecnologias mais recentes para a testagem de HIV, como a de quarta geração, que detecta anticorpos anti-HIV e o antígeno p24, e os testes baseados em ácido nucleico, reduziram o intervalo entre a infecção e a detecção da doença. Esta breve revisão propõe-se a apresentar os diferentes fluxogramas de testes para diagnóstico do HIV utilizados no Brasil, desde os ensaios baseados somente em anticorpos anti-HIV até os novos fluxogramas em que foram incluídos os testes moleculares. No Brasil, até 1998, as autoridades nacionais ainda não haviam recomendado um algoritmo para a realização do diagnóstico da infecção pelo HIV. Desde então, diferentes algoritmos de testagem foram preconizados pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil para o diagnóstico da infecção pelo HIV e seguidos pelos laboratórios. Considerando os diferentes cenários em que o diagnóstico do HIV tem sido realizado, há necessidade de avaliações frequentes dos ensaios, visto que a qualidade dos resultados pode ser influenciada por diferentes fatores biológicos do hospedeiro e do agente.
Febre amarela
Authors: Spinola Roberta Maria Fernandes , Leite Ruth Moreira
Published: August 2023

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Doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) taxa padronizada de mortalidade prematura por câncer de mama, de colo do útero e do aparelho digestivo
Authors: Duarte Luciane Simões , Shirassu Mirian Matsura , Moraes Marco Antonio de
Published: August 2023

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Saúde mental, prevenção de contágio e percepção de risco de profissionais de saúde do estado de São Paulo durante a pandemia de COVID-19.
Authors: Costa Rosa Tereza Etsuko , Isoyama Venâncio Sonia , Loureiro Escuder Maria Mercedes , Goi Porto Alves Maria Cecília , Vanni Tazio , Precioso Alexander
Published: August 2023

Objetivo:  avaliar a saúde mental, a adoção de medidas de prevenção de contágio e a percepção de risco de profissionais de saúde que atuavam em hospitais no estado de São Paulo, durante a pandemia COVID-19. Métodos: estudo transversal com amostra de profissionais de 15 hospitais do estado que responderam a um formulário online. Para a avaliação da saúde mental foi aplicado o Questionário de Saúde Geral (QSG-12). O QSG-12 gerou uma escala, variando de 0 a 12 (pior situação). Os resultados acima da mediana foram considerados indicativos de sofrimento psíquico. Utilizou-se modelo de regressão logística multivariada para a identificação de fatores associados ao sofrimento psíquico. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 627 profissionais, a maioria do sexo feminino, entre 40-59 anos, de cor branca; 45% estavam acima da mediana do QSG-12, que foi 6,3. Identificou-se maior chance de sofrimento psíquico entre mulheres; médicos; aqueles que responderam que o hospital não fornece EPI de boa qualidade; os que sentem ter pouco controle sobre se infectar; os que têm medo de não sobreviver à doença; aqueles cujas famílias têm medo de se infectarem através deles. Conclusão: O percentual de sofrimento psíquico na amostra foi expressivo, sendo possível atuar sobre alguns fatores associados para minimizar o problema.
Plano de ação climática do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Ozório Valentim Luís Sérgio , De Oliveira Ribeiro Filho Vital , Tranquillini Rezende Cristiane Maria , Veiga Denise Piccirillo Barbosa da , Pereira Farida Conceição
Published: August 2023

Em 2021, o Governo do Estado de São Paulo, por intermédio do Decreto nº 65.881, formalizou sua adesão às campanhas Race to Zero  e Race to Resilience, nos termos previstos na Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre Mudança do Clima. A partir da iniciativa, o Governo Paulista formulou o Plano de Ação Climática do Estado de São Paulo - NET Zero 2050 - PAC NET Zero 2050  com  estratégias para enfrentar a crise climática, tendo por meta, até 2050, a neutralidade no território paulista das emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) reguladas pelo Protocolo de Quioto. A Secretaria de Estado da Saúde acompanha o assunto e incorporou metas para enfrentamento do tema em seu Plano Quadrienal de Saúde 2020/2023, adotando diversas iniciativas voltadas à mitigação e adaptação aos efeitos das mudanças climáticas.
Influência das medidas de isolamento social pela Covid-19 nos criadouros de aedes aegypti em domicílios do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Barbosa Gerson Laurindo , Marques Cristiano Correa de Azevedo
Published: August 2023

Introdução: O estudo objetivou analisar a distribuição de criadouros registrados nas atividades de avaliação do Aedes aegypti em alguns anos que antecederam e que se seguiram à pandemia de Covid-19 para verificar se as medidas de isolamento social impostas, que resultou em maior tempo de permanência da população nas residências, influenciou no comportamento dos indivíduos no que diz respeito aos cuidados relacionados a remoção de potenciais criadouros e, portanto, alterado o perfil e a quantidade de tipos de criadouros de Aedes aegypti no ano que se segue à pandemia de Covid-19. Metodo: Utilizou-se dados de criadouros do mosquito no período de 2015 a 2019, antes da pandemia de Covid-19 e o ano de 2021, período da pandemia. Comparou-se a proporção relativa de criadouros por imóvel do Estado de São Paulo em anos que antecederam a pandemia de COVID-19 com o ano de 2021 por região e total do estado. Resultados: Observou-se no estado de São Paulo, uma média de 2,5 criadouros por imóvel de 2015 a 2019 e 3,1 no ano de 2021.  Os resultados mostram que não há diferença entre a distribuição dos criadouros nos anos comparados com o ano de 2021. Conclusão: Apesar das medidas restritivas de isolamento social imposta pela pandemia de Covid-19, não houve alteração na distribuição e na quantidade de criadouros por imóvel.
Die sadomasochistische Perversion
Authors: De Masi Franco
Published: August 2023

Franco De Masi, Psychoanalytiker und Supervisor der Italienischen Psychoanalytischen Gesellschaft, ist bekannt für seine Forschungen zu psychotischen Phänomenen. Sein hier vorgelegtes Buch zur Perversion gibt zahlreiche Denkanstöße und Orientierungshilfen zum besseren Verständnis der komplexen Vorgänge und des Erlebens bei perversen Beziehungsmomenten und in strukturierten sexuellen Perversionen. De Masi untersucht die Beziehung zwischen Sadomasochismus und anderen psychischen Verfassungen, z.B. Depression, Psychosen und Borderline-Störungen, und erörtert die Natur des Bösen im Licht verschiedener psychoanalytischer Ansätze.
Melanchthons Briefwechsel / Band T 9: Texte 2336-2604 (1540)
Authors: Melanchthon Philipp
Published: August 2023

Den thematischen Schwerpunkt dieses Bandes bilden die Bemühungen um die Beilegung des Religionsstreites. Bei den Vorbereitungen des vom Kaiser angekündigten Religionsgesprächs sind Melanchthon und andere Theologen wichtige Ratgeber; sie verfassen u.a. Gutachten als Basis für eine einheitliche Position der evangelischen Seite. Im Frühjahr 1540 hält sich Melanchthon beim Bundestag in Schmalkalden auf. Der Sommer ist überschattet von der Doppelehe des Landgrafen Philipp von Hessen, die Melanchthon derart krank machte, dass er nicht zu den Verhandlungen nach Hagenau reisen kann. Von Oktober an hält sich Melanchthon in Worms auf, um am Religionsgespräch teilzunehmen.
Protocols in Presurgical Infant Orthopaedic Treatment—An Evidence Based Review
Authors: Khillon Nikita , Fattal Amine , Zeinalddin Mohammad
Published: August 2023

Presurgical infant orthopaedic (PSIO) protocol is applied prior to cleft Lip and/cleft palate surgical intervention to facilitate the repair by restoring the alar base and maintaining the skeletal, soft tissue harmony. The objective of this review is to assess the literature on the presurgical infant orthopaedic protocol most widely used and accepted. Searches were made in PubMed, Cochrane and Google Scholar on cleft lip and/palate. A large number of articles documented approaching PSIO for cleft treatment with the intent to provide a satisfactory treatment for cleft patients, requiring far more than just correctional surgery and its ability to do so is unique. Craniofacial Orthodontists can choose from a wide array of treatment options for their patients and can learn from the outcomes attained by applying a combination of outcomes at various other centers.
Advances in the Adsorption Capacity, Rupture Time and Saturation Curve of Natural Zeolites
Authors: Montaño Carlos , Montaño Javier
Published: August 2023

Reviewing the bibliography, it is found that the amount of heavy metals that natural zeolites are capable of adsorbing under normal conditions is 30%, +/- 10, 20, with respect to the weight of the zeolite used as an adsorbent material in the best cases, highlighting the family of clipnoptilolite, it has been proven that with physical/chemical modifications, as well as, in non-normal conditions of pressure and temperature, superior adsorption results can be achieved. The present study analyzes the capacity of a certain family of natural zeolites that, by presenting a different chemical configuration, that is, instead of having 1,2,3 interchangeable bases such as Ca, K, Mg, has a compound such as (O Mg) and therefore a reorganized unit cell with the capacity to adsorb heavy metals up to 80% with respect to the total weight that is used as adsorbent material, this would be a new parameter to be considered in the adsorption of heavy metals by natural zeolites. According to the scientific literature, it is precisely the amount of exchangeable bases, diameter, and the weight and size of the zeolite pore that largely determines the adsorption of heavy metals.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Management of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Antonio Marín-Castañeda Luis , de Leon-Mendoza Fernanda , Eduardo Valdez-Ruvalcaba Hector
Published: August 2023

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) has potential benefits in the management of intracranial aneurysms. Early detection of intracranial aneurysms is critical due to their high risk of complications such as rupture, vasospasm, and ischemia with highly impact on morbidity and mortality. The main findings suggest that AI can improve the accuracy of aneurysm detection, rupture risk prediction, and assist neurointervention in planning and performing procedures. This chapter discusses the potential for AI to improve patient care by enabling earlier diagnosis and timely treatment, reducing medical errors, costs, morbidity, and mortality. However, further validation of AI-based applications is necessary in a real-world clinical setting.
Towards Collaborative Cluster Management for Fire-Resilient Peatlands in Indonesia
Authors: Kieft Johan
Published: August 2023

Wildfires on peat lands in Indonesia have been a major cause of globalGHG emissions and has had an irreversible impact on the health of millions, in 2020, the goi decided to introduce the so-called fire protection association or so called’s which is seen globally as best practice in terms of integrated fire management governance and in Indonesian named clusters. In 2020., a pilot involving three districts in fire prone landscapes introducing fire protection associations was commenced to understand if FPA could be employed in the Indonesian context could deliver similar results, the results and developed approach lead to a decline in fire incidence in the target districts as opposed to the district in the province. Hence the cluster approach indeed proved by better alignment of private and public fire capacity in addition to improved early warning capacity. The results underline that the necessary processes that are gender sensitive and socially inclusive can be adapted to all jurisdictional levels and enable effective collaboration of relevant government agencies. Cluster maintains the core principles of fire protection associations and integrated fire management, in line with international best practices in disaster risk reduction. Furthermore, Changes allow for improved local livelihoods of communities depending on peat lands, as hydrological restoration and reafforestation enables local communities to again rely on swamps for their livelihoods.
Towards Children-Centred Trustworthy Conversational Agents
Authors: Escobar-Planas Marina , Charisi Vicky , Hupont Isabelle , Martínez-Hinarejos Carlos-D , Gómez Emilia
Published: August 2023

Conversational agents (CAs) have been increasingly used in various domains, including education, health and entertainment. One of the growing areas of research is the use of CAs with children. However, the development and deployment of CAs for children come with many specific challenges and ethical and social responsibility concerns. This chapter aims to review the related work on CAs and children, point out the most popular topics and identify opportunities and risks. We also present our proposal for ethical guidelines on the development of trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI), which provide a framework for the ethical design and deployment of CAs with children. The chapter highlights, among other principles, the importance of transparency and inclusivity to safeguard user rights in AI technologies. Additionally, we present the adaptation of previous AI ethical guidelines to the specific case of CAs and children, highlighting the importance of data protection and human agency. Finally, the application of ethical guidelines to the design of a conversational agent is presented, serving as an example of how these guidelines can be integrated into the development process of these systems. Ethical principles should guide the research and development of CAs for children to enhance their learning and social development.
The Role of Ultrasound in Women’s Health
Authors: Jebessa Kumsa Marema , Wubeshet Haile Zegeye
Published: August 2023

Ultrasound has developed into a vital medical diagnostic tool during the past 60 years. Theodore Dussik and his brother Friederich were the first to utilize ultrasound in the 1930s and 1940s to identify a brain tumor. Ultrasonography is now used for many different situations, such as disease detection, assisting with biopsy taking, monitoring previously diagnosed abnormalities, and assessing pregnancy. Unfortunately, the general public is unaware of the role of ultrasound in women’s health for purposes other than pregnancy assessment. This chapter’s major goal is to give a comprehensive overview of the various roles that ultrasound plays in women’s health. Furthermore, this chapter aims to make the general public more aware of the importance that ultrasound plays in women’s health. The authors used a wide range of sources for this work, such as books and peer-reviewed publications. The key roles of ultrasound examination in women’s health include: assessment of female reproductive organs, determination of causes of infertility, assessment of pregnancy and related problems, and assessment of the breast and abdomen. The general public should be made aware of the importance of ultrasound in women’s health.
Post-Viral Aspergillosis
Authors: Salehi Mohammadreza , Zamani Fariba , Khodavaisy Sadegh
Published: August 2023

Post-viral aspergillosis (PVA) is a clinical form of Aspergillus infection that occurs after some viral infections. Aspergillus is the most common respiratory fungal co-pathogen in patients with viral infections. Most cases of PVA have been reported as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) after influenza, COVID-19, and the cytomegalovirus infection. PVA is more commonly reported in critically ill patients with viral pneumonia. Suggested risk factors for PVA include cellular immune deficiency, ARDS, pulmonary tracts and parenchyma damage, and corticosteroid therapy. New pulmonary nodules such as dense, well-circumscribed lesions with or without a halo sign, air crescent sign, or cavity, or wedge-shaped and segmental or lobar consolidation on the chest CT scan can suggest PVA. As in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis in other settings, triazoles, such as voriconazole or isavuconazole, have been suggested as the first-line treatment for PVA. It seems that the presence of PVA has significantly decreased the survival rate in patients with viral infections.
Anomaly Detection in IoT: Recent Advances, AI and ML Perspectives and Applications
Authors: Domb Menachem , Joshi Sujata , Khn Arulmozhi
Published: August 2023

IoT comprises sensors and other small devices interconnected locally and via the Internet. Typical IoT devices collect data from the environment through sensors, analyze it and act back on the physical world through actuators. We can find them integrated into home appliances, Healthcare, Control systems, and wearables. This chapter presents a variety of applications where IoT devices are used for anomaly detection and correction. We review recent advancements in Machine/Deep Learning Models and Techniques for Anomaly Detection in IoT networks. We describe significant in-depth applications in various domains, Anomaly Detection for IoT Time-Series Data, Cybersecurity, Healthcare, Smart city, and more. The number of connected devices is increasing daily; by 2025, there will be approximately 85 billion IoT devices, spreading everywhere in Manufacturing (40%), Medical (30%), Retail, and Security (20%). This significant shift toward the Internet of Things (IoT) has created opportunities for future IoT applications. The chapter examines the security issues of IoT standards, protocols, and practical operations and identifies the hazards associated with the existing IoT model. It analyzes new security protocols and solutions to moderate these challenges. This chapter’s outcome can benefit the research community by encapsulating the Information related to IoT and proposing innovative solutions.
Study on Gut Microbiota in Children with Cerebral Palsy and Epilepsy
Authors: Huang Congfu , Cai Defeng
Published: August 2023

Compared to children with cerebral palsy (CP), children with both CP and concurrent epilepsy (CPE) have more severe gastrointestinal symptoms, such as functional constipation (FC), and are more prone to recurrent infections. Our previous study found that these children have gut microbiota (GM) disorders, which are significantly related to the gastrointestinal symptoms and immune functions. The children with CPE also has altered oral microbiota (OM), which is consistent with the change of GM. In addition, the change of OM and GM has potential impact on the occurrence of clinical diseases such as periodontitis, dental caries and malnutrition. In our previous study, it was also found that the abundance of butyric acid- and lactic acid-producing bacteria in the GM of children who have CPE with liquid food in their diet decreased significantly, while the abundance of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria increased significantly. After the butyric acid-, lactic acid-producing probiotics and dietary fibers were administered by us to treat the FC in children with CPE, the FC improved significantly, and the abundance of butyric acid- and lactic acid-producing bacteria in the intestine increased.
Resourcefulness as an Important Indicator of Personal Well-Being
Authors: Savchenko Olena , Korvat Larysa , Lavrynenko Denys
Published: August 2023

The study of the dynamics and features of students’ personal resourcefulness in the conditions of war in Ukraine is an important task, since understanding the peculiarities of the resourcefulness functioning will allow carrying out the necessary measures for its maintenance, recovery and development. The authors proposed a model of personal resourcefulness as a metacognitive experience. In the study, an express questionnaire “Personal resources” (O. Savchenko, S. Sukach) was used for the diagnosis of resourcefulness level. The study was conducted on a sample of 69 students of KNEU. To solve different tasks, several methodologies were used: factorial experimental design, comparative study of the same group in different conditions, and clustering of empirical data to determine different types of students’ resourcefulness. It was found that the overall level of personal resourcefulness is a significant factor in subjective, psychological, social and global well-being. Five types of personal resourcefulness were identified, namely “high resourcefulness,” “high-stress resistance,” “inefficient use of strategies,” “passivity in the search for resources” and “high emotional exhaustion.” Students with different types of resourcefulness have significant differences in well-being. The negative changes in students’ personal resourcefulness were revealed in a condition of the war in Ukraine (decrease in the level of overall resourcefulness and increase in emotional exhaustion). It has been established that students do not actively use restoring resource strategies in a prolonged stressful situation.
Renal Replacement Therapy in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Patel Dhaval , Majeed Hussain , Joseph Megan , Kaur Gurleen
Published: August 2023

This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in renal replacement therapy (RRT) including Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT), focusing on key topics such as acute kidney injury (AKI), renal replacement techniques, patient selection, vascular access, dialyzer membranes, anticoagulation strategies, optimal RRT prescription, drug dosing, laboratory monitoring, and complications of RRT. The incidence of AKI in intensive care unit (ICU) is estimated to be from 5% to 50%. It carries substantial morbidity and mortality. In this chapter, we aim to emphasize the significance of AKI in ICU and indications that necessitate effective RRT. The chapter explores various renal replacement techniques with emphasis on CRRT, including continuous venovenous hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration, and hemofiltration. The clinical indications and contraindications for CRRT are discussed. Vascular access options, dialyzer membrane characteristics, and anticoagulation strategies are examined, providing insights into their impact on treatment outcomes and patient safety. Additionally, highlighted points include the importance of optimal RRT prescription, drug dosing adjustments, and laboratory monitoring in CRRT. It addresses potential complications associated with CRRT and offers strategies for their prevention and management. Overall, this book chapter aims to serve as a valuable guide for healthcare professionals, providing them with updated information to optimize patient care and improve outcomes in individuals with AKI undergoing RRT in ICU.
Interaction between Melatonin, Sleepiness-Alertness and Body Temperature
Authors: Saba Naz Sheikh , Muddassar Shafiq Muhammad , Albreiki Mohammed
Published: August 2023

Circadian rhythms confer a biological clock of all living beings, comprising oscillations in a range of physiological variables, including body temperature and melatonin, that regulate the sleep/wake cycle rhythmically. Both variables have been marked to influence the sleep/wake cycle; even so, the interrelationship among the triad (body temperature, melatonin & sleepiness/alertness) is still unknown. The current literature review is envisioned to examine the contemporary details regarding the interaction between melatonin, body temperature, and sleepiness/alertness. All the included information is procured from the latest review articles, systematic & meta-analytical literature reviews, and original research reports. Findings revealed that melatonin and body temperature collectively contribute to the formation of sleep. An increase in melatonin induces fluctuations in body temperature. Both physiologic variables serve as close indicators of sleepiness/alertness. However, modulating factors such as light, environmental temperature, and timing of melatonin administration (with the circadian clock) may impact the overall outcomes. A significant number of studies are required to infer the underlying processes by which these factors influence the circadian clock.
Teaching with What you Are: The Importance of Teachers’ Positive Resources and of the Neuropsychopedagogical Training Envisioning the Future on Adolescents’ Well-Being. A Correlational and Analysis of Variance Study
Authors: Perasso Giulia , Serantoni Grazia , Lillo Carmela , Maculan Alessandro , Vianello Francesca , Di Giuseppe Tania
Published: August 2023

The literature shows that teachers’ psychological characteristics can influence adolescents’ mental health. Additionally, neuropsychopedagogical interventions, like the Envisioning the Future (EF) training, can positively impact wellbeing. The study aims at: (i) exploring the relationships between teachers’ and students’ characteristics and (ii) investigating the impact of EF on students’ wellbeing. The sample consists of N = 113 Italian adolescents, whose data were matched with their teachers’ (N = 12). Participants completed validated self-report questionnaires on self-compassion, emotion regulation, resilience, and an ad-hoc scale of frequency of bullying episodes. Correlational analyses highlight that: teachers’ avoidance, social isolation, and self-judgment negatively correlate with the frequency with which students perceive bullying episodes; teachers’ self-kindness, optimism, and self-efficacy in regulating emotions positively correlate with the frequency with which the students’ perceive bullying; teachers’ cognitive focus positively correlates with students’ self-determination toward future decisions; students’ self-judgment negatively correlates with teachers’ resilience and self-efficacy in managing positive emotions, while it positively correlates with teachers’ avoidance. In addition, after EF training, students had improved in negative emotion regulation, frequency of perceiving bullying, common humanity, and self-determination. The study underscores the importance of the relationship between teachers’ and students’ resources and the impact of EF training on adolescents’ wellbeing.
New Results on Single User Massive MIMO
Authors: Vasudevan Kasturi , Kota Surendra , Kumar Lov , Bhusan Mishra Himanshu
Published: August 2023

Achieving high bit rates is the main goal of wireless technologies like 5G and beyond. This translates to obtaining high spectral efficiencies using large number of antennas at the transmitter and receiver (single user massive multiple input multiple output or SU-MMIMO). It is possible to have a large number of antennas in the mobile handset at mm-wave frequencies in the range 30–300 GHz due to the small antenna size. In this work, we investigate the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of SU-MMIMO in two scenarios (a) using serially concatenated turbo code (SCTC) in uncorrelated channel and (b) parallel concatenated turbo code (PCTC) in correlated channel. Computer simulation results indicate that the BER is quite insensitive to re-transmissions and wide variations in the number of transmit and receive antennas. Moreover, we have obtained a BER of 10−5 at an average signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) per bit of just 1.25 dB with 512 transmit and receive antennas (512 × 512 SU-MMIMO system) with a spectral efficiency of 256 bits/transmission or 256 bits/sec/Hz in an uncorrelated channel. Similar BER results have been obtained for SU-MMIMO using PCTC in correlated channel. A semi-analytic approach to estimating the BER of a turbo code has been derived.
Exploring Instructional and Interactional Aspects of Process Quality in Preschools and Teachers’ Perceptions of Professional Development
Authors: Huang Runke
Published: August 2023

Teaching is a complex and multifaceted endeavor that involves the interplay of various dimensions. In light of this, the present study seeks to integrate instructional and interactional aspects to conceptualize process quality and explore it within preschool settings. A total of 96 classrooms underwent quality evaluation using the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale – Extension (ECERS-E) and Sustained Shared Thinking and Emotional Well-being Scale (SSTEW) scales, and 11 teachers were randomly selected for interviews to gain insights into their perceptions of teaching practices and professional development needs. The findings indicate that teachers exhibited inadequate to minimal quality in both instruction and interaction, they faced challenges in implementing science activities, adopting child-centred approaches, providing scaffolding and conducting child assessments. Furthermore, teachers expressed a need for professional development programmes that are practice-oriented, provide opportunities for discussions and include hands-on activities. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and targeting of future professional development programmes aimed at improving process quality in preschool settings.
Exploring factors influencing teachers’ expectations of learners’ reading practices
Authors: Olifant Dr , Cekiso Prof , Boakye Dr
Published: August 2023

Research demonstrates that teachers’ expectations could influence learners’ reading achievements, both positively and negatively. Specifically, teachers’ expectations determine the level and type of instruction they would map out for learners, which can, in turn, impact learners’ academic outcomes. The goal of the current study is to explore the factors influencing teachers’ expectations of their learners’ reading practices in two South African schools. The study was qualitative and followed a case study design. A sample of six teachers was purposively selected based on the criterion that they were English First Additional Language teachers of reading in the Intermediate, Senior and Further Education and Training Phases. The researcher employed semi-structured, face-to-face interviews to collect data and a process of inductive analysis of the qualitative data. The results revealed that teachers’ expectations concerning their learners’ reading practices were determined by several socioeconomic factors. These include learners’ reading culture, ill-disciplined learners, a lack of parental support regarding reading, a lack of resources, poverty, and a lack of knowledge and responsibility. The findings also demonstrated that, despite unfavourable learning settings, teachers had unique strategies for improving their learners’ reading achievements.
Preface
Authors: van der Walt Christa
Published: August 2023

In this first number of Volume 39 we are happy to publish not one, but two articles in languages other than English.
Evaluation of a Question Prompt List on Treatment Decision-making Outcomes in Women Following Surgery for Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Negarandeh Reza , Yazdani Zahra , Lehto Rebecca , Lashkari Marzieh
Published: August 2023

Background: With advances in healthcare options for the medical management of breast cancer, treatment decision-making has become more complex. Objectives: Guided by self-efficacy theory, the study investigated the impact of a question prompt list (QPL) on decision-making outcomes among women with breast cancer in Iran who were post-surgery. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at a comprehensive cancer center in Tehran, Iran. Fifty patients were randomized to either a QPL with usual care (n = 25) or to a usual care (n = 25) condition. Data were collected pre- and post-treatment utilizing: 9-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire; Decision Self-efficacy Scale; and the Control Preferences Scale. Utilizing SPSS 26 software, descriptive, Shapiro-Wilk test, independent t-test, Fisher's Exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used. Results: No differences between the usual care and QPL groups on major study constructs were found (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The QPL did not impact various decision-making outcomes among women with breast cancer post-surgery. Cross-cultural research is needed with larger samples to further examine the impact of decision aids such as QPL on decision-making outcomes for women with breast cancer.
Journal HSRII
Authors: Admin Admin
Published: August 2023

JHS
ADVERSE EVENTS FOLLOWING VACCINATION WITH A VIRAL VECTOR-BASED VACCINE - A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Rangelova Vanya , Getsova Zhivka
Published: August 2023

Background: The effectiveness and safety of recently implemented COVID-19 vaccine platforms are often compared since the launch of the mass vaccination campaign worldwide. The aim of the present study is to assess the prevalence of adverse events (AEs) occurring after vaccination with the two viral vector-based vaccines authorized in the European Union to prevent COVID-19. 
Materials and methods: A survey was carried out among adults who have completed vaccination with either of the viral vector-based vaccine approved for use in Bulgaria ChAdOx1-S nCoV-19 vaccine (commonly known as Astra Zeneca or Vaxzevria) or Ad26.COV2S vaccine (commonly known as Janssen or JCOVDEN). For the data analysis, standard descriptive statistics was used. Quantitative variables are presented by the mean and standard deviation (mean ± SD) or median (25th percentile; 75th percentile). Qualitative variables are presented as numbers absolute/relative frequencies totals and percentages. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to obtain information regarding the distribution of the sampled patients. The chi-square test for independence was used to determine whether differences between observed and theoretical distributions existed. 
Results: In total 314 respondents took part in the study. Of them, 273 (86.9%) reported at least one local AE after the first dose of a vaccine, and the prevalence among the ChAdOx1-S vaccine group was significantly higher (88.5%) than in the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine group (59.2%) (Pearson χ2 test=19.942, p=0.000). The most common systemic AEs after administration of a viral vector-based vaccine were chills (77.3% for ChAdOx1-S and 25.9% for Ad26. COV2.S.) fatigue (76.3% for ChAdOx1-S and 25.9% for Ad26.COV2.S.), and headache (62.3% for ChAdOx1-S and 25.9% for Ad26.COV2.S.). Those adverse events appeared significantly more often in participants vaccinated with the ChAdOx1-S vaccine. 
Conclusion: The analysis of the collected data proves that although common, AEs following vaccination with vector-based products are classified as mild and usually resolve within 48 hours of dose administration.
DEVELOPMENT AND PILOT VALIDATION OF A NOVEL PCR-BASED REPLICON TYPING SCHEME FOR PLASMID FAMILIES ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN PSEUDOMONAS SPP.
Authors: Stoikov Ivan , Ivanov Ivan , Dobreva Elina , Donchev Deyan , Sabtcheva Stefana , Hristova Rumyana
Published: August 2023

Background. Pseudomonas species are ubiquitous environmental Gram-negative bacteria increasingly associated with difficult to treat healthcare-associated infections. Along with their substantial intrinsic antimicrobial resistance, the ability to acquire additional resistance and pathogenicity determinants contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. Plasmids represent the major vehicles of gene transfer among hospital strains. Accumulation and dissemination of resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer is exceptionally problematic since it leads to the emergence of multi-resistant and stable phenotypes highlighting the importance of novel tools for studying plasmid epidemiology.
Materials and Methods. In this study we introduce a novel PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) scheme for differentiation of various Pseudomonas spp. plasmid families requiring only two multiplex PCR (mPCR) assays. mPCR 1 is composed of previously published primer sets for IncP-1, IncP-7, IncP-9, IncQ, A/C, N, W, IncU. Primers for multiplex PCR 2 were designed after an in-depth in-silico bioinformatic analysis of the repA gene of more than 50 reference IncP-2, IncP-6, IncP-10, pKLC102-like and pMOS94-like plasmids some of which studied for the first time as a group.
Results. The scheme was tested on a set of 90 previously genotyped multi-resistant clinical Pseudomonas spp. isolates. The detection rate of the target plasmid families was low in our strain collection. Replicons were registered in only 3/90 isolates from the IncP-7 (n=1), IncP-10 (n=1), and pMOS94-like (n=1) families. This pilot study demonstrates a novel PBRT scheme applicable to Pseudomonas spp. targeting plasmids of incompatibility groups known to harbour genes associated with antibiotic resistance.
EVALUATION OF INTERACTIONS OF SARS-COV-2 STRUCTURAL PROTEINS WITH SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES BY SPR ASSAY
Authors: Genova-Kalou Petia , Dyankov Georgi , Kisov Hristo , Mankov Vihar , Hikova Evdokiya , Krumova Stefka , Malinowski Nikola
Published: August 2023

Background: The World Health Organization admitted that the vaccination against Covid 19 limited the deaths, but not the spread of the disease. This requires a method allowing a specific, rapid and accurate diagnosis of the disease. We report a SPR assay that meets the requirements and can be applied no only for SARS Cov-2 diagnosis but as a tool for early diagnosis of otherinfections.
Methods: Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method was used to identify the binding of S/N protein to monoclonal antibodies. N-protein monoclonal antibody (NP mAb), S-protein monoclonal antibody (SP mAb), and receptor bind domain (RBD) antibody were used as recognition molecules. Ligands were deposited by the matrix-assisted laser evaporation (MAPLE) method, which guarantees maximum interaction specificity.
Results: We registered S/N protein binding to the corresponding mAbs and S protein to RBD antibody with high sensitivity: the interactions were observed at protein concentration about 130 femtomoles (fM). A very good specificity was observed: the measured S protein binding activity to NP mAb was below the limit of detection (LOD). The same was noticed for N protein binding to SP mAb.
Conclusions: The presented SPR assay possesses high sensitivity and selectivity and provides quantitative analysis. This makes it applicable for following the evolution of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially at the early stages of viral replication which can be clinically useful.
HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN BULGARIA - ARE THEY PROTECTED FROM VACCINE-PREVENTABLE INFECTIONS?
Authors: Stefanova Radostina , Genova-Kalou Petia , Andonova Ivona , Pishmisheva-Peleva Maria , Krumova Stefka
Published: August 2023

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of exposure to many viral infections, including vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) such as measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) as compared to non-HCWs. Immunity of HCWs against these viruses is mandatory in a healthcare setting due to possible exposure from patients or colleagues.
Aim: To provide an assessment of anti-measles, mumps and rubella IgG seropositivity among Bulgarian HCWs employed in hospitals and regional health inspectorates (RHI), as an indicator of protective immunity against MMR in this risk group. 
Materials and Methods: In the current study, 181 HCWs from Infectious Units in regional hospitals in the country, and HCWs from the RHI, involved in the monitoring and surveillance of MMR cases in Bulgaria were screened. Serum specimens from all participants were tested by a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Anti-Measles, Anti-Mumps, Anti-Rubella IgG EIA-Euroimmun®, Germany) for presence of IgG antibodies against measles, mumps and rubella, as an indicator of protective immunity. 
Results: The study included 181 HCWs, 25 male and 156 female, aged 22 to 66 years. The average protective seroprevalence for measles, mumps and rubella was 82.9%, 76.2% and 92.3% percent, respectively. The highest share of negative results were obtained for mumps-specific IgG – 23.2% (42/181), followed by measles 16.6% (60/181) and rubella-specific IgG 7.7% (19/181). Regarding the age distribution, the highest number of HCWs non-immune to measles and mumps was found among the 31- 40-year olds, and against mumps – among the 41-50-year-olds.
Conclusion: HCWs are at greater risk of contracting infections than the general population because of contact with sick patients or infectious material. Infected healthcare workers can spread nosocomial diseases to vulnerable patients with more severe illness, leading to complications and even death. Therefore, the vaccination status of HCWs must be strictly monitored.
ASSESSMENT OF SARS-COV-2 SPECIFIC B-CELL IMMUNE MEMORY: EVIDENCE FOR PERSISTENCE UP TO 1 YEAR POST-INFECTION
Authors: Bozhkova Martina , Kalfova Teodora , Petrov Steliyan , Velyanova Tanya , Taskov Hristo , Nikolova Maria , Murdjeva Marianna
Published: August 2023

Background: SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19 pandemic, has posed huge global health challenges. Understanding the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and in particular – the role of B cells in the generation of immune memory is crucial for assessing the durability of protective immunity.
Materials and Methods: In this longitudinal prospective study, individuals who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected at three time intervals post symptom onset (PSO): 1-3 mo, 4-8 mo, and 9-12 mo. The humoral immune response was evaluated by measuring anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, virus-neutralizing antibody activity, total S1-specific B-cells, and B cell subpopulations.
Results: The levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies decreased from 390.3 to 204.5 BAU/ml in the first 6-8 months PSO but did not significantly decrease further until the 12 th mo (126.6 BAU/ml). Virus-neutralizing antibodies (activity decreased by 20.4% between the 1st and 6-8th mos but remained relatively stable thereafter and could be detected up to 12 months PSO. In peripheral blood, the amount of S1-specific plasmablasts was highest one month after COVID-19 infection, and the level of memory B cells at 6 months. Those were detected even 12 months PSO, albeit in smaller quantities. 
Conclusion: The study provides evidence for the persistence of SARS-CoV-2-specific B-cell immune memory up to 1year post-infection. The presence of virus-specific memory B cells and plasmablasts suggests potential for sustained protection against reinfection. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of B-cell immune memory in preventing infection and to understand the individual variations of immune response.
Nilai-nilai Pendidikan Akhlak dalam Novel Bidadari Bermata Bening Karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy
Authors: Safitri Wulandari , Rahman Rini
Published: August 2023

Islamic education is inextricably linked to the religion's name, core principles, and laws governing daily life. The persistent moral dilemma is thought to be something that education can resolve. Morality and religion are inextricably linked in Islamic education and cannot be separated. The principles of moral education can be found not only in formal education but also in extracurricular pursuits like attending mosque sermons, watching movies, and learning about Islamic educational principles from other literary works like novels. The book Bidadari Bermata Bening served as the research's primary source of data. This study tries to clearly identify the moral principles that Allah SWT upholds in Habiburrahman El Shirazy's novel Bidadari. This research approach is hermeneutic and qualitative. This kind of investigation is done at libraries. The findings of this study include moral principles that Allah SWT should uphold. These principles include asking Allah SWT for pardon, abstaining from immoral behavior, showing gratitude to Allah SWT, and developing positive attitudes toward Allah SWT.
Multiple Eruptive Dermatofibromas in a Patient with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Kaya Mehmet Nur , Tecer Duygu , Yılmaz Sedat
Published: August 2023

Multiple eruptive dermatofibromas (MEDF) are rare tumors and thought to be associated with the disturbances in the immune system. In our 40-year-old case, 5 nodules have developed in a 4-month period. The patient was diagnosed by a dermatologist to have MEDF, and referred to rheumatology outpatient clinic because of the symptoms such as dry mouth, and polyarthralgia. After clinical and laboratory evaluation, the diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) was made. According to the best of our knowledge, this case is the first reported association between MEDF and primary SS. Therefore, when the diagnosis of MEDF is made, SS should also been included in the comprehensive evaluation of associated diseases.
Impact of Serum Pro-calcitonin Level Among SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients: Emphasizing on A Medullary Thyroid Cancer Survivor in Kolkata, India
Authors: Chatterjee Rajendra Prasad , Chatterjee Shilpa , Sikdar Subhendu , Chowdhury Aparna , Bhattacharjee Debolina , Majumder Titlee , Mitra Nilanjana , Pramanik Bithika , Das Biswajit , Ghosh Reena Ray
Published: August 2023

The coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) is a positive sense single stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus that first appeared in China and has spread throughout the world since late 2019. The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes a mild to severe respiratory infection that affects not just the lungs but also pancreas and other endocrine glands, as well as responsible for ischemic stroke and sexual dysfunctions. Serum pro-calcitonin (PCT) levels have been linked to the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in several investigations. According to our studies, high PCT levels are linked to a greater risk of severe COVID-19 infection in patients, as well as its involvement and role in a COVID-19 infected cancer survivor. This is the first study we are aware of from India that shows COVID-19 infected people should have regular PCT screening may help clinicians to plan intensive care unit (ICU) placement and detect any recurrence of past illness if any.
Espondilite Anquilosante
Authors: Simões Prof. Dr. Luciano Schmitz , Silva Giovanna Marques da
Published: August 2023

O presente trabalho pretende discutir como portadores de doenças autoimunes enfrentam grandes obstáculos, tanto no âmbito pessoal quanto profissional. Mediante isso é preciso que se conheca o que são as doenças autoimunes e como o paciente tem o seu sistema imunológico atacando o próprio corpo. Tendo em vista que existem diversas doenças autoimunes e a maioria pouco conhecidas, pela raridade, algumas podem causar limitações físicas - o caso das doenças reumáticas, conhecidas como reumatismo. Durante a leitura desse material será mencionada a Espondilite Anquilosante (EA) umas das doenças do grupo autoimune que geram limitações físicas entre outras variáveis que prejudicam a produtividade no trabalho e na vida pessoal do portador. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico, caracterizando-se, conforme Gil (2002), como uma pesquisa exploratória.
PERANCANGAN APLIKASI LOCATION BASED SERVICE PENCARIAN RUMAH SAKIT BERMITRA DENGAN BPJS KESEHATAN BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Sumadikarta Istiqomah
Published: August 2023

Location Based Service yang bertujuan untuk menunjukkan letak suatu tempat untuk mempermudah user mencari lokasi yang dituju. Berkembangnya teknologi dan infromasi salah satunya telepon genggam, maka pengembang aplikasi menjadi sangat mudah untuk membuat aplikasi LBS tersebut. Adanya sistem operasi Android yang dikenal dengan sistem operasi terbuka membantu pengembang untuk membuat aplikasi dan bisa diterapkan di sistem operasi Android. Diterapkannya LBS pada rumah sakit adalah untuk mempermudah masyarakat mencari lokasi rumah sakit. Didasari hal tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian untuk mengimplementasikan location based service pada sistem operasi Android untuk pencarian rumah sakit.

Pada penelitian ini aplikasi akan dibuat menggunakan Eclips yang merupakan Android Developer Tools (ADT). Metode pengembangan perangkat lunak dengan menggunakan metode waterfall.

Hasil pengujian pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Location Based Service dapat digunakan untuk mencari lokasi rumah sakit di wilayah Jakarta, Depok, Tangerang dan Bekasi. Pencarian rumah sakit dapat digunakan dengan memasukkan radius yang diinginkan. Fitur yang digunakan pada perangkat Android antara lain Global Positioning System (GPS) dan didukung oleh Google Maps API.