bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the plastid trnL-trnF sequences of Vietnamese Solanum procumbens Lour. plants
Authors: Hue Huynh Thi Thu , Hoa Nguyen Thi Thanh , Hien Le Thi Thu , Ton Nguyen Đang
Published: August 2021

Solanum is a genus which belongs to Solanaceae family, includes many species of cropsor medicinal plants as eggplant, tomato, potato, twoleaf nightshade, etc. Number of species are used as medicinal herbs of Solanum genus in Vietnam is up to 41, one of those is Solanum procumbens Lour., which is often used to treat hepatitis or cirrhosis. The needs of planting this plant is rising up, but it still lacks of studies based on DNA barcode of Solanum, in order to prevent the confusion of the raw materials in dry form of medicinal plants. This study provides sequencing and analysis the DNA barcode region trnL-trnF, in order to support further researches about identification, classification and evolution of Solanum procumbens species. The DNA covering the trnL-trnF region was amplified, sequenced and the nucleotide sequences from 10 samples of dry leaves Solanum procumbens species were analyzed with the reference sequences from GenBank. The results show that the similarity between these samples and others in previous publications of Solanum procumbens Lour. is 100%. Moreover, the estimated genetic distance on trnL-trnF region of the Vietnamese samples compared to few other species in Solanum genera varies between 0,0082 to 0,0399. The data from this research provides more information for any further studies about genome biodiversity of the Solanum genus as well as Vietnamese medicinal plants.
Important analyzing parameters in the assessment of salt tolerance in plants
Authors: Xuan Hoang Thi Lan , Thao Nguyen Phuong
Published: August 2021

Maximal crop performance potential and land area suitable for cultivation are usually restricted by adverse environmental conditions. Among the abiotic factors, salinity stress is considered as one of the main threats, which causes ionic toxicity, dehydration and oxidative stresses on the plants. Alarmingly, the impact of salinity is predicted to be more severe in the forthcoming years due to global warming. Therefore, development of new cultivars with better salinity resistance with mimimized yield penalty under the adverse condition, either by breeding or genetic engineering approach, has attracted a great attention from the scientists. In this review, important parameters used in evaluation of plant resistance ability against salinity stress are discussed, which highlights the necessity to obtain multi-sets of biological data ranging from analyses of morphological alterations to physiological, biochemical and molecular responses, as well as by performing -omics studies to find out network of salinity-responsive pathways. Literature review also demonstrates that the relevance of salinity condition setup in terms of concentration and duration is required in experimental design. Furthermore, recent investigations on genome duplication, activities of non-coding sequence or epigenetics also reveal their regulatory roles in shaping plant response and tolerance degree toward salinity stress. Collection of such data not only contributes to widen scientific understanding of plant response mechanisms and adaptation to this stress factor but also facilitates the identification of important genes associating with plant tolerance to salinity. Therefore, the presented information could be used as a reference for the salinity stress-related studies serving for crop innovation and transgene function characterization.
Prodigiosin purification from Serratia marcescens M10 and its antitumor activities
Authors: Luong Vu Trong , Thanh Nguyen Sy Le , Tuyen Do Thi , Cuc Do Thi , Thao Do Thi
Published: August 2021

Prodigiosin (Pg) is a bright red pigment, which is produced by gram negative and gram positive bacteria including Serratia marcescens, Hahella chejuensis, Vibrio psychroerythrus, Streptomyces coelicolor and many other marine bacteria such as Pseudomonas sp., Vibrio sp. Pg induces apoptosis in different kinds of cancer cells with low toxicity on normal cells. In this study, we purified Pg from solid fermentation of S. marcescens M10 strain and assessed its anticancer activity in tumorized mice. The results showed that Pg was purified by running through a silicagel 60 column with a suitable solvent system of n-hexane:toluene at the rate of 1:1 (v/v) combined with toluene:ethyl acetate at the rate of 9:1 (v/v). TLC plate was used to test the presence of active substances with separation solvent n-hexane:ethyl acetate ratio of 1:1 (v/v). The purity of fractions tested by high performance liquid chromatography method showed as 98%. Purified fractions also showed promising anti-tumor activity in Lewis lung carcinoma induced tumors in BALB/c mice. The tumor volumes in Pg treated groups decreased by 34.18% after 28 days of administration.
Silver nanoparticles enhanced efficiency of explant surface disinfection and somatic embryogenesis in Begonia tuberous via thin cell layer culture
Authors: Tung Hoang Thanh , Van Hoang Thi , Bao Huynh Gia , Bien Le The , Khai Hoang Dac , Luan Vu Quoc , Cuong Do Manh , Phong Truong Hoai , Nhut Duong Tan
Published: August 2021

In vitro culture establishment is one of the most important stages in micropropagation. The disinfectant effectiveness depends on the type of surface disinfectant, concentration and the time treatment. In this initial study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were used as a disinfectant for petioles, flower stalks and stems of Begonia tuberous. In addition, thin cell layer culture (TCL) technique has been applied for the purpose of somatic embryogenesis. The results showed that AgNPs were effective in eliminating infectious microorganisms on B. tuberous explants; which were identified included 4 species of fungi (Fusarium sp., Aspergillus aculeatus, Trichoderma sp. and Penicillium sp.) and 1 species of bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.). At concentrations of 200 ppm and 300 ppm, AgNPs were not only effective in disinfection but also increased the induction rate of somatic embryogenesis in flower stalk TCL explants (approximately 40.00%); a similar effect was observed in stem TCL explants at the same concentration. Meanwhile, for petiole TCL explants, the induction rate of somatic embryogenesis was optimal when using AgNPs at a concentration of 100 - 300 ppm to disinfected the explant. In contrast, at high (400 ppm) or low (50 ppm) concentrations of AgNPs did not play a disinfecting role and stimulated somatic embryogenesis. In addition, explants derived from AgNPs sterilization did not show any abnormalities in somatic embryogenesis with shapes such as globular, heart, torpedo, and cotyledon. AgNPs showed double efficacy in sterilization of explants and improved efficiency of somatic embryogenesis from TCL petioles, flower stalks and stems explants; thus increasing the efficiency micropropagation of B. tuberous.
Study on using fatty acid data in the botanical chemotaxonomy for Vietnamese seaweed species
Authors: Thanh Le Tat , Hue Pham Thi , Anh Nguyen Van Tuyen , Tien Dam Duc
Published: August 2021

Vietnam's sea is assessed to be very diverse and rich in seaweed species. It is about 1000 different species of seaweed, of which more than 800 species have been identified, classify into genus, families, classes, phylums, and continuously updated from the 1950s to the present. Previous studies by Vietnamese and international scientists have shown that lipids from seaweed contain many valuable active ingredients such as acids C20: 4n-6 (AA), C20:5n-3 (EPA), C22:6n-3 (DHA), prostaglandin E2… In this study, fatty acids were converted to methyl esters and identified by gas chromatography using flame ionization detector (GC-FID) with column Cap Mao Equity 5 (Merck, L×ID 30m×0.25 mm, df 0.25 µm). From the total lipid of 50 of Vietnamese seaweed, we have identified 30 fatty acids, in which, C16:0, C18:1n-9, C20:4n-6 (AA) fatty acids have the high content, and C20:5n-3 (EPA), C22:6n-3 (DHA), C22:5n-3 (DPA) fatty acids have the high bioactivities. By the method of PCA main component analysis, from the dataset of fatty acids, we have identified 8 main fatty acids with high correlation and used to represent the distribution of seaweed species on the two-way plane. Three phylums were classified by different fatty acid groups with the high reliability. In the detail, the distribution of the phylum Phaeophyta depends on the content of 3 fatty acids including C16:1n-7, C18:1n-9 và C20:4n-6, the phylum Rhodophyta depends on C15:0, C16:0, C18:0 fatty acids, and the phylum Chlorophyta depends on C18:1n-7, C18:3n-6 fatty acids. This method can may help provides more chemical data in the taxonomy of Vietnamese seaweed species.
Anti-inflammatory properties of Amomum maximum Roxb and Amomum muricarpum Elmer in the North of Vietnam
Authors: Thu Pham Anh , Son Nguyen Hoang , Huong Le Thanh , Dang Nguyen Hai
Published: August 2021

Inflammation is the body's homeostatic defense mechanism in which the immune system reacts to remove foreign bodies. Chronic inflammation can increase the risk for additional damage like autoimmune diseases, arthritis, diabetes and can result in death. Amomum maximum Roxb and Amomum muricarpum Elmer distributed widely in Vietnam have been used in traditional medicine for treatment of some gastrointestinal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol extracts of A. maximum (AMM) and A. muricarpum Elmer (AMC) in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line. The total extracts showed that the extracts exhibited low cytotoxicity and potent anti-inflammatory activities by suppressing excessive nitric oxide (NO). The IC50 values of AMC and AMM were found to be 12.67 ± 1.7 µg/mL and 42.7 ± 2.5 µg/mL, respectively. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Our data demonstrated that AMC reduced the inflammatory response in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell model via inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 while AMM seemed to modulate the inflammatory effect through the iNOS pathway only. In conclusion, AMM and AMC root extracts might be potential candidates for a study of naturally alternative anti-inflammatory drugs.
Identification of a de novo mutation in KRT5 gene underlying epidermolysis bullosa simplex by whole exome sequencing in a Vietnamese patient
Authors: Thuong Ma Thi Huyen , Truong Dang Tien , Ha Nguyen Hai , Ton Nguyen Dang
Published: August 2021

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a group of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) and accounts for 75-85% EB cases. Most EBS patients are caused by mutations in KRT5 or KRT14, encoding for keratin 5 and keratin 14, respectively, which impair the structural entirety of paired intermediate filaments expressed in the fracture of basal keratinocytes and subsequent blistering of the epithelium. This study aimed to identify the causative mutation in a Vietnamese EB case. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in the affected individual and revealed a de novo heterozygous pathogenic mutation in exon 7 of KRT5 gene, resulting in an amino acid change at position 477, with glutamic acid to lysine substitution (p.E477K). The KRT5 p.E477K was strong associated with the very severe or lethal of generalized severe EBS (GS-EBS), characterized by the severe symptoms at birth, improving with age and evolution to palmoplantar keratoderma and nail dysplasia. Our finding will aid the molecular diagnosis, prognosis prediction of the patient with GS-EBS due to p.E477K and significant genetic counselling the family concerning the recurrence risk for future pregnancies.
Classification of the multigene family of fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) and transcription profile of the genes in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)
Authors: Binh Le Thi Nguyen , Hoang Tran Son , Trang Tran Thi Huyen , Hoa Nguyen Thi , Oanh Kim Thi Phuong
Published: August 2021

Striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is an economically important fish in Vietnam. The catfish fillets contain high fatty acid composition. The FABP family is involved in lipid transport and metabolism as well as in the regulation of gene expression and cell development. In this study, the catfish genome database was searched for fabp gene family; then, gene structure, classification and phylogenetic relationships were analyzed. In striped catfish genome, we found 10 fabp genes that are homologous to other fish species and other 5 novel fabp genes that have not been clearly annotated. These newly identified fabp genes cluster separately from the known members of the fabp family on the phylogenetic tree, and further studies are needed to understand their roles and functions. We examined transcriptional gene expression of fabp3, fabp7 and fabp10a genes in muscle, liver and brain tissues of the stripped catfish. The results showed that fabp10a gene was not strongly expressed in all 3 types of tissues; fabp3 gene was most strongly expressed in liver tissue and fabp7 was highly up-regulated in brain tissue. The results of this study provide a resource for further research on the function of fabp genes and their genetic diversity in striped catfish.
Evaluating the ability of semen cryopreservation of Blance Blue Belge bull cattle in Vietnam
Authors: Duc Nguyen Huu , Giang Pham Thu , Nguyen Tran Thi Binh , Mai Nguyen Thi , Phong Bui Dai
Published: August 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the semen cryopreservation capacity of BBB bulls in Hanoi-Vietnam. Research conducted on the fresh semen collected from 05 BBB bulls. Results showed that semen color was normal (milky white, ivory white, ivory yellow), semen volume ranged from 6.35 mL to 7.48 mL (P <0.05), initial motility of semen ranged from 80.53% to 82.92% (P <0.05), sperm concentration in semen  ranged from 1.02 x 109 sperms/ml to 1.12 x 109 sperms/mL (P <0.05), abnormal sperm ratio ranged from 6.45% to 8.12% (P <0.05), alive sperm ratio ranged from 76.34% to 82.97% (P <0.05), sperm motility after thawing from straw semen ranged from 71.33% to 75.92% (P<0.05). In conclusion, successfully semen collection from 05 breeding BBB bulls at Hanoi Cattle Breeding Joint Stock Company, semen samples had normal color and good quantity and quality, suitable for production of frozen semen; and semen cryopreservation of straws of the 05 bull BBB semen mentioned at -196oC, sperm motility after freezing-thawing reached the economic and technical norms of 675/2014 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.
Iron-reducing - and -proteobacteria isolated from laboratory-scaled heterotrophic feammox bioreactor
Authors: Chung Le Phuong , Hai Nguyen Thi , Quyen Nguyen Huynh Minh , Hai Pham The , Hang Dinh Thuy
Published: August 2021

Ammonium removal from wastewater is a crucial step in wastewater treatment. Presently employed technologies based on nitrification/denitrification and partial nitritation/anammox principles require oxygen for the nitrification step, and are therefore still not yet fully satisfied with the application practice. In recent years, biological ammonium oxidation coupled with ferric iron reduction (feammox) has been proposed to be responsible for the nitrogen loss in different ecological habitats. Related to the wastewater aspect, the feammox principle has been discussed as an alternative approach for ammonium removal without dependency on oxygen. From a laboratory-scaled feammox bioreactor operated under neutral pH, two bacterial strains FN7 and FN9 were isolated by using the anaerobic Hungate technique. Comparative analyses of 16S rDNA sequences showed that these strains were most closely related to the b-proteobacterium Aciclyphilus denitrificans and the g-proteobacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri, respectively. Although being phylogenetically apart, strains FN7 and FN9 shared several common physiological characteristics that are considered meaningful for the feammox process, i.e. (i) heteroptrophic ammonium oxidation, (ii) denitrification, and (iii) ferric iron reduction. These isolates are proposed to play certain roles in the studied feammox system, contributing to the ammonium removal under heterotrophic feammox condition. The 16S rDNA sequences of strains FN7 and FN9 were available in GenBank under the accession numbers LC474369 and MT568614, respectively.
الأثر القرآنيّ في النثر الأندلسيّ عند ابن خاقان في كتابيه ( قلائد العقيان ومطمح الأنفس)
Authors: شقيرات عمر
Published: August 2021

تسعى هذه الدراسة لتقديم أنموذج لتأثر الكتّاب الأندلسيين بالقرآن الكريم، وتحديدًا عند ابن خاقان الذي نوّع في توظيفه القرآن الكريم من خلال إيراد الآيات بأكملها في عدد من المواضع، أو إيراد جزء من الآية، وتوظيفه المعنى المستفاد من الآيات، وأورد نصوصًا لمن ترجم لهم في النثر والشعر التي بيّن فيها تأثرهم بالقرآن الكريم، من شتّى طبقات المجتمع الأندلسي من ( ملوك، وأمراء، ووزراء، وأدباء، وعلماء، وفقهاء)، وما ورد على لسانهم من خطب ورسائل وشعر ونثر، وتناول ابن خاقان مواضيع متعددة، وأكدها عبر آيات القرآن الكريم، فأورد آيات تتحدث عن يوم القيامة، وأخرى تتحدث عن القصص القرآني، وغيرها تناولت (النصح، والإرشاد، والتحذير، والوعيد من عدم الطاعة والتمرد على السلطان)، واستقصى الباحث الآيات التي اهتمت بتحذير ولي الأمر من الإسراف والتبذير في أموال الدولة، وبحث عن الآيات التي اهتمت بعدم التعدي على أملاك الغير حتى لو كانوا من أهل السلطان، ومواقف أخرى في حسن التخلص، ووظف القصص القرآني في مواقف حياة الشخصيات المترجم لها ذات الموضوعات المتعددة في المجتمع الأندلسي، فأورد معاني قرآنية أسقطها على مواقف من حياة المترجم له مثل تقلب الزمان على ذوي السلطان . الكلمات المفتاحيّة : القرآن الكريم، الأندلس، ابن خاقان، كتابا ( قلائد العقيان ومطمح الأنفس)، النثر الأندلسيّ.
بين اللغة والهويّة وأزمة الاغتراب (واقع اللغة العربيّة نموذجًا
Authors: طالب عبد القادر
Published: August 2021

يسعى هذا البحث إلى مقاربة موضوع اللغة والهويّة؛ بالوقوف عند ما يثيره من تساؤلات حول طبيعة العلاقة القائمة بينهما وحدود تداخلهما، فهو موضوع شائك، متشعّب طرحًا ودراسة، لما بين قطبيه من صلات عميقة، ترتبط بالخصوصيات الروحية والثقافية للأمم والشعوب قاطبة. وينصبّ تركيز هذا البحث على واقع اللغة العربيّة وتحدّيات تعليميتها بالوطن العربي، لاسيما في ظل مشروع العولمة الغربية، الذي يسعى إلى تغريب لغة الهويّة وترسيخ قيم مغايرة لقيم الأمة العربية. الكلمات المفتاحيّة: اللغة، الهويّة، العربيّة، العولمة، الاغتراب.
القراءة والإنتاج الدلاليّ في كتاب كليلة ودمنة لابن المقفع
Authors: العقريب نعيمة
Published: August 2021

يتناول هذا البحث مختلف الأبعاد الدلاليّة والتداوليّة لكتاب كليلة ودمنة، ويتم تفعيل هذه الدلالات وإنتاجها بفعل القراءة والتلقي؛ إذ تتفاوت مستويات القرّاء انطلاقا من اختلاف مرجعية وثقافة المتلقين وكذلك هدفهم من القراءة؛ واستعان البحث ببعض إجراءات نظرية جمالية التلقي بوصفها اتجاها ما بعد بنوي يقوم على النص المفتوح وتعدد القراءات. اكتسب كتاب كليلة ودمنة أهمية بالغة وشهرة من خلال القراءة والتلقي؛ مما منح الخلود لهذا العمل الأدبي عبر الزمان، وقد استفتح الحديثُ في هذا البحث عن السياق التداولي للكتاب وإبراز أصوله التاريخية وكيف استطاع ابن المقفع أن يكيّف ترجمته مع ذوق القارئ العربي، ومن ثَمّ التطرّق إلى دور القارئ وأهمية فعل القراءة في إنتاج الدلالات واستخراج المضمرات اعتمادا على الكفاءة التأويلية للقراء وتفاوت مرجعياتهم المعرفية. وسعى البحث – في الجزء الأخير- إلى إنجاز دراسة تطبيقية مختصرة لقصتين مختارتين من الكتاب؛ إذ تم التركيز على إبراز الطبيعة الاستعارية والرمزية للشخصيات الموظفة في الحكايتين، حيث فرض السياق السياسي على ابن المقفع أن يبني كتابه ظاهريا على أنه إمتاع وتسلية بينما باطنيا يستعمل التلميح والأمثال لنقد جهاز الحكم والسلطة عبر استعمال أقنعة الحيوانات. الكلمات المفتاحيّة: كليلة ودمنة، ابن المقفع، فعل القراءة، الإنتاج الدلاليّ، حكاية الحيوانات.
استلهام التراث في شعر صلاح جرّار- ديوان "في طريقي إليك" نموذجًا
Authors: الزواهرة ظاهر
Published: August 2021

هدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة الموروث في الخطاب الشعري لصلاح جرار، في ديوانه (في طريقي إليك) نموذجًا؛ فهو من الشعراء الأردنيين الذين لهم حضور في الحركة النقدية والشعرية، وقد تناول موضوع التراث نقاد كثر؛ منهم علي عشري زايد في (استدعاء الشخصيات التراثية في الشعر العربي المعاصر)، وأشرف البولاقي في (تجليات استلهام التراث)، إضافة إلى العديد من الدراسات والبحوث، ولكنها لم تتطرق لتجربة الشاعر جرار بالدراسة والتفصيل. فجاءت هذه الدراسة في محور مهم هو استلهام التراث في خطاب جرار الشعري؛ لارتباط جرّار بالأندلس والموشحات؛ مما أثر في شعره، وشكّل لديه قيمة كبيرة، واستجلى البحث عدة عنوانات منها: أهمية استلهام التراث، وأثر القرآن والحديث، والعنوان والتراث، والخاتمة والتراث، واستلهام الشخصيات الدينية والتاريخية في شعر جرّار. وكشف البحث النواحي النفسية والعاطفية والفكرية للشاعر من خلال قصائده التي أفضت إلى إغناء النص الشعري دلاليًا وفنيًا، وقد اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج البنيوي بالنظر للغة النص وبناء جمله وترتيب أفكاره. الكلمات المفتاحيّة: استلهام التراث، الخطاب الشعري، جرّار.
مظاهر الدلالة الصوتيّة لأسماء الأفعال في القران الكريم
Authors: العيداني فاطمة
Published: August 2021

لا يخفى على أحد أثر الصوت في دلالة الكلمة؛ لما يؤديه من فروق في الدلالة بين الكلمات، فترتيب الأصوات في الكلمات وائتلافها معًا يؤدي الى إيصال الدلالة المرادة إلى المتلقي ؛ لما للأصوات ووقعها في النفس البشرية من تأثيرات مختلفة، تختلف باختلاف الصوت، وما ينماز به من صفات، فقد لحظنا أن القرآن الكريم استعمل في مواضع عدة أسماء الأفعال بدلًا من الأفعال التي هي بمعناها، لما انمازت به أصواتها من مظاهر صوتية اختلفت عن تلك الأفعال، وكان لأصواتها الأثر الواضع في إثراء المعنى وإعطاء الدلالة معنى واسعاً شمل معنى الفعل الذي هي بمعناه ودلالات أخرى تشعبت من أصواتها، رسمت صوراً سمعية واضحة نبهت المخاطب ودلّت على المراد بأوجز لفظ وأغناه. فجاء هذا البحث؛ ليقف على بعض تلك الدلالات التي لمحتها الباحثة من أصوات أسماء الأفعال الواردة في مواضع مختلفة في القرآن الكريم التي كان لأصواتها المفردة وائتلافها في بنية الكلمة دور في إنتاج الدلالة المعنويّة التي أغنت السّياق، ودلّت على المعنى بأقل لفظ. الكلمات المفتاحيّة: مظاهر، الدلالة الصوتيّة، أسماء الأفعال، القرآن الكريم.
الصورة البيانية في ديوان ( شظايا ورماد) لنازك الملائكة
Authors: جعفر سوسن , ابراهيم محمد
Published: August 2021

اعتمدت نازك الملائكة في بنائها النصّي على الصورة البيانيّة في ديوانها شظايا ورماد - قيد الدراسة- اعتمادًا شبه كلي أولًا، ثم أن هذه الصور– في أغلب- قصائدها لا تشتغل صورة بمعزل عن الأخرى، بل إننا نجد تداخلًا واضحًا بين صورة تشبيهيّة وأخرى استعاريّة وثالثة كنائيّة في قصيدة واحدة. لذا جاءت هذه الدراسة مركزةً في أصولها وآليات اشتغالها على هذه الصور، محللة النصّ بما يتطلبه من تحليل بلاغيّ، وفي الآن ذاته محاولةً تحليل بعضها نقديًّا، فاشتملت، بعد المقدمة والتمهيد؛ على تبيان مفهوم الصورة والصورة البيانية؛ لنستند إليه في مباحث دراستنا التي تحددت بثلاثة مباحث، وهي: الصورة التشبيهيّة، والصورة الاستعاريّة، والصورة الكنائيّة . الكلمات المفتاحيّة: الصورة، البيانيّة، نازك الملائكة، شظايا ورماد.
قيمة الشعر العربي التاريخية ووجوه الاستفادة منها من خلال تثبيت صورة الحشمة عند النساء
Authors: شندول عماره
Published: August 2021

يتناول البحث موضوع الحشمة عند النساء من خلال الشعر العربي في الفترة الجاهلية وبداية ظهور الإسلام. ويقدّر القيمة التاريخية التي يقدمها، والتي من شأنها أن تساعد المؤرخين في رسم معالم الحياة وأسس الحضارة لذلك العصر، ومن ثمّ اعتمادها في كل ما يتصل بها من مسائل تحقيقًا وتحريرًا. إذ لا تقتصر الاستفادة من الشعر في قيمته الفنية والجمالية، أو في الحفاظ على اللغة، وإنما أيضًا في قيمته التأريخية. فكما استفاد اللغويون من الشعر في إظهار فصاحة الألفاظ وبناء قواعد اللغة، واستفاد المؤرخون منه في استبيان ترتيب الأحداث التي وقعت يومئذ. نعرض في أثناء هذا البحث، إلى صورة أخرى من صور الاستفادة من الشعر، بتحرير مسألة فقهية وهي القدر المباح للرّجل رؤيته من المرأة الأجنبية إذا نوى الزّواج بها وغلب على ظنّه قبول نكاحه منها. حيث تعلق فهم النصوص بمعرفة العرف السائد في ذلك الزمن، فيما يمكن أن يظهر من المرأة في العادة إذا أمنت عيون الرّجال الذي توضحه أشعار العرب في الجاهلية وبداية ظهور الإسلام. الكلمات المفتاحيّة: رؤية المخطوبة، لباس المرأة العربية، الشعر الجاهلي، ظهور الإسلام.
الديناميات الساحليّة واستراتيجيات التدبير الساحليّ بساحل مدينة العيون بالصحراء المغربيّة
Authors: مرحيب عبد الرزاق
Published: August 2021

الملخّص يعد موضوع الساحل وآثار التدخل البشري على منظومته البيئية إحدى أهم التوجهات العالمية في مختلف المحافل الدولية والمؤتمرات البيئية، وقد حضيت المجالات الساحليّة باهتمام بالغ من مختلف العلماء والباحثين والفاعلين، نتيجة اختلال التوازن الطبيعي سواء بالمجال القاري أو الساحلي الذي أصبح يهدد المنظومة البيئية. ويشكّل ساحل إقليم العيون وسطًا هشًّا ناتجًا في الأساس عن تظافر عوامل طبيعية وبشرية، فالمجال الساحلي هو نظام قائم على التبادلات بين المجال القاريّ والمجال البحريّ، وهذا ما يجعله حساسًا، وعرضة للخطر جرّاء أيّ تدخل بشري غير معقلن. ولقد قمنا بهذه الدراسة قصد التعريف بهذا الوسط الساحلي الصحراوي، المتمثل في ساحل إقليم العيون، للشريط الساحلي الواقع بين مصب واد الساقية الحمراء ومركز المرسى. فالتطور المرفولوجي لخط الساحل بمجال دراستنا ترجع أسبابه إلى التدخلات البشرية، التي تعدّ من بين العوامل الرئيسية المسؤولة عن الاختلالات التي يشهدها هذا المجال، إضافة إلى العوامل الطبيعية المتمثلة في العوامل الهيدرودينامية. فالتدخلات التي لم تراع الخصوصيات الطبيعية للمنظومة الساحلية أدت إلى هذه الاختلالات السابقة الذكر. وفي ظل كل هذه الاختلالات نلاحظ القصور الكبير الذي يطال التدبير الساحلي بإقليم العيون، بحيث أن كل هذه التدخلات تبقى ضعيفة جدًا، ولا تعتمد إلا على المقاربة القطاعية التي هي بعيدة كل البعد عن التدبير المندمج للمجالات الساحلية، والتي ستزيد لا محالة من تدهور هذا الوسط الساحلي. والإشكالية المراد معالجتها في هذه الدراسة تتحدد انطلاقًا من دراسة الديناميات المتحكمة في التطور الجيومرفلوجي للشريط الساحلي بإقليم العيون، وسنعالج هذه الإشكالية عن طريق دراسة الديناميات الطبيعية المرتبطة بالهيدرودينامية الساحلية من جهة، ثم سنحاول ضبط التدخلات البشرية التي تساهم في تطور خط الساحل. الكلمات المفتاحيّة: الساحل، مدينة العيون، الدينامية الساحليّة، التدبير الساحليّ، الهيدرودينامية الساحليّة.
القبائل العطاوية بجبال صاغرو، من الترحال والانتجاع إلى الاستقرار خلال مطلع القرن21: مظاهر التجديد في استغلال المجال الجبلي
Authors: امبارك مصطفى , زكريا محمودي , سليمان محمودي
Published: August 2021

لعبت الجبال المغربية بصاغرو ولا تزال دورًا مهمًّا في التهيئة الرعوية، وهذه التهيئة ناتجة عن الظروف التاريخية، فالإنسان منذ القدم مارس النشاط الرّعويّ وفق المجال والزمن والظروف والحاجة...إضافة إلى الظروف الطبيعية، كالمناخ والموارد المائية والاجتماعية كذلك؛ لتحقيق الرفاه الاجتماعي، ولتأكيد الانتماء للكونفدرالية العطاوية، مع العوامل الاقتصادية؛ لتحقيق التنمية للأسرة والسياسية القانونية؛ لإثبات الحقوق الرعوية. ويعدّ قطيع الماشية رأسمال متحرك للأسر، يمنح لها حقوقًا مجالية، وبدونه تتعرض للإقصاء الاجتماعي، ولتنظيم المجال الرعوي في إطار الانتجاع بين "أكدال" (AGDAL) الأطلس الكبير المركزي شمالًا وجبال صاغرو جنوبًا، عملت الكونفدرالية العطاوية على وضع قوانين ومؤسسات تسهم في تنظيم العلاقات الرعوية، لكن هذه الحياة شهدت تغيرًا، إذ انتقلت من الترحال إلى الاستقرار، وظهرت معها وظيفة جديدة في المجال الجبلي، اقترنت بممارسة الفلاحة التي عرفت دينامية من فلاحة تقليدية إلى فلاحة عصرية، نشأت على إثرها الضيعات النموذجية، مما هدد الجبل بفقدان مكانته المركزية. الكلمات المفتاحية: آيت عطا، التهيئة الرعوية، جبال صاغرو، الانتجاع، الدينامية الفلاحية.
Produtividade de duas cultivares de meloeiro irrigadas com água de alta e baixa salinidade
Authors: Uyeda Claudio A. , Gurgel Marcelo T. , Gheyi Hans R. , Oliveira Fábio H. T. de , Fernandes Pedro D.
Published: August 2021

Resumo Com a crescente tendência de produção e exportação de frutos do meloeiro no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, que possui aqüíferos com diferentes qualidades de água para a irrigação, há a necessidade de se avaliar a produtividade da cultura com uso dessas águas. Com este objetivo conduziram-se dois experimentos: no primeiro foi testado o efeito de duas águas (0,8 e 3,02 dS m-1) em duas cultivares de melão (Orange Flesh e Goldex) e no experimento II, utilizou-se da variedade Goldex para se avaliar a produção em relação a duas águas (0,52 e 2,41 dS m-1) e cinco níveis de K2O (168, 210, 252, 294 e 336 kg ha-1). As variáveis analisadas foram: produção comercial e total, número de frutos comercial e total, peso médio comercial e total. De maneira geral, a cultivar Orange Flesh foi mais tolerante à salinidade do que a Goldex; esta cultivar, com suplementação potássica, produziu mais e não houve efeito significativo do aumento das doses de potássio, porém, em relação ao Experimento I, a produtividade da cultivar Goldex foi superior.
DISPONIBILIDADE DE COBRE E ZINCO EM SOLOS TROPICAIS AVALIADA PELO PROCESSO DE EXTRAÇÃO SEQUENCIAL (BCR)
Authors: Linhares Lucilia Alves , Egreja Filho Fernando Barbosa , De Bellis Vito Modesto , Dos Santos Elizângela Augusta
Published: August 2021

Em estudos ambientais, conhecer as formas químicas em que se encontram os elementos no solo e suas relações com os teores disponíveis são importantes para a previsão do comportamento no sistema solo-planta. Para avaliar a distribuição de cobre e de zinco em solos do Estado de Minas Gerais e sua relação com a disponibilidade, realizou-se o experimento com amostras de seis solos naturais em duas profundidades, as quais foram contaminadas com os elementos de interesse e submetidas ao processo de extração seqüencial que separa os elementos nas frações trocável, oxidável, redutível e residual. O fracionamento forneceu importantes informações em relação à interação do cobre e do zinco com os constituintes dos solos e da compartimentação dessas espécies entre as várias frações dos solos. Verificou-se uma maior distribuição de zinco nas frações trocável e residual, enquanto que o cobre se associou preferencialmente às formas químicas mais estáveis, ou seja, redutível e residual. As baixas recuperações de zinco e principalmente de cobre na fração trocável no Chernossolo Argilúvico Carbonático (solo 2) e no Cambissolo Háplico eutrófico latossólico (solo 3) corresponde a sistemas solo-metal com as maiores forças de retenção, estando os elementos nesses solos menos disponíveis. A predominância de cobre e principalmente de zinco associados à fração trocável no Cambissolo Háplico Tb distrófico típico (solo 4) e no Neossolo Quartzarênico órtico latossólico (solo 6) evidencia a maior mobilidade e disponibilidade dos metais nos solos mais ácidos e arenosos comparado com os demais.
Distance employment: realities and prospects based on the example of a regional university
Authors: Davydova Tatyana E.
Published: August 2021

Subject. The article studies distance employment as an enforced solution during the period of self-isolation and as a prospective natural development of the virtual labour market. The study focuses on the university's activities concerning the training and retraining of highly qualified specialists with due account of the regional specific character of such activities. Objectives. To study the approaches to the study of categories, forms, characteristics, and the scope of distant employment in the context of the forced transition to it. To identify the distinctive features of training and employing workers with due account of university activities in the corresponding conditions. To determine the areas of activities of a regional university with a focus on the requirements of the distance labour market. Methods. The authors conducted a system analysis of the theoretical and practical aspects of distance employment with due consideration of factors that determine the prospects of its implementation in the future. The study used the results of opinion polls concerning the qualitative and quantitative parameters of distance employment. Results. Expert opinions about distance education and employment were structured and analysed. The authors determined the expectations, realities, and prospects of distance activities conducted by educational institutions. It was found that the possibility and the quality of distance employment largely depend on skills demanded by the labour market and developed by workers as a result of their participation in the activities of a system of specialised structural subdivisions at a regional university. The article provides an example of organising such a system at Voronezh State Technical University. Conclusions. Workers who were forced to switch to distance employment are dominated by specialists with a university degree who belong to the “digital” generation. There is a positive dynamic in the transition from regional distance employment to global. For a number of positions, employers see a tangible benefit of introducing distance employment. Therefore, in the future, this format will be used extensively. Experts characterised favourably the opportunity for specialists and participants of the system of education to practice their digital skills and the extensive development of digital professions. Among the negative outcomes they mentioned are possible physiological, social, and psychological consequences of the transition to distance employment and education. They warned that human resources, traditions, and specific features of the activities of regional universities can become secondary. In general, the activities of regional universities should be assessed as a vector for innovative regional development.
WITHDRAWN: Exergy and Energy Analysis of a CHP System with a Gas Turbine and a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
Authors:   Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran polytechnic), 424 Hafez Avenue, PO Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran, Norouzi Nima
Published: August 2021

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.
Cystatin C, arterial stiffness, and echocardiography parameters in patients with respiratory diseases
Authors: Murkamilov I. T. , Sabirov I. S. , Fomin V. V. , Aitbaev K. A. , Schastlivenko A. I. , Murkamilova Zh. A. , Yusupov F. A.
Published: August 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate the content of cystatin C, indicators of arterial stiffness and echocardiography parameters in patients with respiratory diseases.

Methods. A total of 138 patients aged 22 to 85 years with respiratory diseases were examined (90 – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 48 – bronchial asthma (BA)). Echocardiographic examination (EchoCG), registration of arterial stiffness parameters, lipid profile test, and kidney function tests were performed. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated in all patients using the cystatin C concentration according to the F.Hoek method.

Results. In the subgroup of patients with COPD compared with BA patients, the median cystatin C plasma concentration was significantly higher [1.26 (1.11; 1.47) mg/L vs 1.17 (0.91; 1.24) mg/L; p < 0.05)], the estimated GFR was significantly lower [59.4 (50.3; 68.0) mL/min vs 64.3 (60.1; 83.4) mL/min; p < 0.05)], the median vascular age [17.30 (4.80; 26.30)% vs 8.95 (0.10; 21.80)%; p < 0.05)] and the vascular age itself [58.0 (50.0; 68.0) years vs 50.00 (42.00; 61.00) years; p < 0.05)] were significantly higher. The cystatin C index positively correlated with the size of the left atrium, signs of left ventricular hypertrophy, indicators of diastolic dysfunction of the ventricles, systolic excursion of the tricuspid annulus, and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure.

Conclusion. The population of patients with respiratory diseases is characterized by a high incidence of comorbidities. An increase in plasma cystatin C concentration, a decrease in HDL cholesterol, inhibition of GFR, and an increase in arterial stiffness contribute to the development of cardiorenal relationships in COPD.
European Respiratory Society guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in adults and children
Authors: Morice A. H. , Millqvist E. , Bieksiene K. , Birring S. S. , Dicpinigaitis P. , Ribas Ch. D. , Boon M. H. , Kantar A. , Lai K. , McGarvey L. , Rigau D. , Satia I. , Smith J. , Song W.-J. , Tonia T. , Van den Berg J. W.K. , Van Manen M. J.G. , Zacharasiewicz A.
Published: August 2021

These guidelines incorporate the recent advances in chronic cough pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. The concept of cough hypersensitivity has allowed an umbrella term that explains the exquisite sensitivity of patients to external stimuli such a cold air, perfumes, smoke and bleach. Thus, adults with chronic cough now have a firm physical explanation for their symptoms based on vagal afferent hypersensitivity. Different treatable traits exist with cough variant asthma (CVA)/eosinophilic bronchitis responding to anti-inflammatory treatment and non-acid reflux being treated with promotility agents rather the anti-acid drugs. An alternative antitussive strategy is to reduce hypersensitivity by neuromodulation. Low-dose morphine is highly effective in a subset of patients with cough resistant to other treatments. Gabapentin and pregabalin are also advocated, but in clinical experience they are limited by adverse events. Perhaps the most promising future developments in pharmacotherapy are drugs which tackle neuronal hypersensitivity by blocking excitability of afferent nerves by inhibiting targets such as the ATP receptor (P2X3). Finally, cough suppression therapy when performed by competent practitioners can be highly effective. Children are not small adults and a pursuit of an underlying cause for cough is advocated. Thus, in toddlers, inhalation of a foreign body is common. Persistent bacterial bronchitis is a common and previously unrecognised cause of wet cough in children. Antibiotics (drug, dose and duration need to be determined) can be curative. A paediatric-specific algorithm should be used.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: significance of risk factors for frequent exacerbations requiring hospitalization
Authors: Zinnatullina A. R. , Khamitov R. F.
Published: August 2021

Aim. Identification of risk factors for readmissions associated with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) followed by evaluation of quality of the medical care in the outpatient and hospital settings.

Methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to the multidisciplinary hospitals in Kazan from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018, was.

Results. The identified risk factors for readmission were male gender (relative risk (RR) 3.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45 – 8.43; p < 0.05), age over 70 years (RR 1.21; 95% CI 0.74 – 1.86; p < 0.05), smoking experience more than 40 years (RR 1.6; 95% CI 0.87 – 3.0; p < 0.05), duration of COPD at least 10 years (RR 3.48; 95% CI 2.27 – 5.34; p < 0.05), the presence of three or more concomitant diseases (RR 2.0; 95% CI 1.23 – 3.4; p < 0.05). The most significant reasons for readmissions were nonadherence in the outpatient settings, as well as defects in the therapy that was provided in the hospital and prescribed upon discharge.

Conclusion. The identified risk factors are non-modifiable in most cases, so optimizing treatment and monitoring patient adherence are of paramount importance. Also, more attention should be paid to nonpharmacological treatment in the form of maintaining physical activity, early smoking cessation and psychological rehabilitation. The revealed defects of the quality of medical care for patients with severe exacerbations requiring repeated hospitalizations indicate the need to intensify the implementation of the federal clinical guidelines on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the real clinical practice.
Oxidized low-density lipoproteins and its connection with dyslipidemia, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress in patients with occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Umnyagina I. A. , Strakhova L. A. , Blinova T. V. , Troshin V. V. , Fedotov V. D.
Published: August 2021

The role of low-density oxidized lipoproteins (OxLDL) in the pathogenesis of occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not understood well enough.

The study aims to determine the serum levels of oxidized low-density lipoproteins and their relationship with lipid profile, the level of oxidative stress and level C-reactive protein in patients with occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Methods. 116 patients diagnosed with occupational COPD and 25 patients with no respiratory diseases (comparison group) were examined. Serum levels of OxLDL was determined by solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the commercial reagent kit MDA-oxLDL from Biomedica Gruppe, Austria.

Results. Circulating OxLDL was detected in serum in a significant proportion of patients with stable occupational COPD. In most of the patients, the concentration of OxLDL was within the values observed in the comparison group or exceeded them by no more than two times. In the minority of patients with occupational COPD (16.5%), the concentration of OxLDL was high and 4 – 10 times higher than its average value in the comparison group. It can be assumed that the revealed differences in the concentration of OxLDL are due to the different degree and intensity of oxidation of low-density lipoproteins. The relationships between OxLDL and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress (OS), the antioxidant capacity of serum (AOS), and serum levels of C-reactive protein were described.

Conclusion. Serum OxLDL levels in patients with occupational COPD, the relationship between OxLDL and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation will provide an expanded view of the pathogenetic aspects of occupational COPD.
The role of occupational factors and individual susceptibility in the development and course of bronchopulmonary diseases
Authors: Vasilieva O. S. , Kuzmina L. P. , Chernyak A. V. , Kravchenko N. Yu. , Koljaskina M. M.
Published: August 2021

Over the past decades, the world has seen an increase in occupational lung diseases, the leaders being asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The article presents the results of 5-year observation of food industry workers. Clinical functional and molecular genetic studies have been carried out to identify the frequency and severity of asthma and COPD along with the individual predisposition to pulmonary conditions.

Methods. 76 people of both sexes with the average age of 43.5 ± 3.6 years were examined on an outpatient basis. All subjects had daily contact with toxic and allergenic aerosols and organo-mineral dust. The respiratory function and the presence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness to occupational factors was assessed by spirography and peak flowmetry in response to exposure and elimination of industrial aerosols. Immunological and molecular genetic tests were performed: identification of hyposecretory alleles of the α1 -АТ gene, determination of polymorphisms of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, immunoglobulin levels (IgE, IgM, IgG) and cytokine status (IL-4, -6, -8; TNF-α).

Results. During the 5-year follow-up period, there was a significant increase in the number of employees with severe respiratory symptoms – 36.8% (95% CI – 21.2–36.8; p < 0.05) and a statistically significant decrease in the respiratory function (p < 0.001). Progressive decrease in the respiratory function in healthy individuals and the appearance of new and more severe cases of asthma and COPD were registered primarily among workers with hyposecretory alleles of the α1-АТ gene and/or zero alleles of the glutathioneS-transferase genes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in combination with abnormal cytokine status.

Conclusion. Individual risk factors for the development of asthma and COPD in individuals working in contact with toxic and allergenic aerosols and organo-mineral dust are hyposecretory PiMZ variant of the α1-АТ gene and deletions in the glutathione-S-transferase genes (GSTM1 0/0 and GSTT1 0/0) in combination with abnormal cytokine status. Long-term research results suggest the prognostic value of assessing individual sensitivity to industrial aerosols and the development of bronchopulmonary pathology.
Which bronchodilator to choose if a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease continues to smoke?
Authors: Kupaev V. I. , Osipov D. A.
Published: August 2021

From 30 to 43% of smoking patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cannot give up nicotine despite the diagnosis and deterioration of health. Most of the publications related to the treatment of COPD do not distinguish smoking patients into a separate group. The aim of this study is a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA), LAMA/long-acting β2 -agonists (LABA) in smoking patients.

Methods. The study involved 121 patients with a high degree of nicotine addiction and irreversible bronchial obstruction. All the patients continued to receive bronchodilator therapy. The respondents were divided into two groups: patients who quit smoking and patients who continued to smoke. In turn, each group was divided into two subgroups depending on the treatment – LAMA (Tiotropium 5 μg and Glycopyrronium 50 μg) and LAMA/LABA (tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 μg and glycopyrronium/idacaterol 50/110 μg). We used the changes of FEV1 and the dynamics of CAT (COPD Assessment Test) as the comparison criteria.

Results. The results of the CAT and spirometry showed a tendency to improve in both groups, regardless of the treatment regimen. However, the improvement in symptoms and spirometry parameters were more pronounced in the group of patients who quit smoking: –1 and –11 points, respectively (p < 0.05) and 12 and 23%, respectively (p < 0.05). Comparison of the efficacy of various treatment regimens in the group of smoking patients showed there was no statistically significant difference between LAMA and LAMA/LABA neither in spirometry parameters (11.45 and 13.1%; p < 0.05), nor in the CAT scores (–1.5 and –1.67; p < 0.05). However, combination therapy (LAMA/LABA) was more effective than monotherapy (LAMA) in the group of patients who quit smoking both according to spirometry (25.5 and 13%, respectively; p < 0.05) and CAT (–12.3 and –5.9, respectively; p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the active substances both in the monotherapy group (tiotropium/glycopyrronium) and in the combination group (tiotropium/olodaterol and glycopyrronium/indacaterol).

Conclusion. According to CAT and spirometry, there was no difference between tiotropium and glycopyrronium, nor was there a difference between fixed-dose combinations of tiotropium/olodaterol and glycopyrronium/ indacaterol (both in the group of smokers and in the group of non-smokers). Smoking cessation is key to improving both spirometry and CAT results.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Viktorova I. B. , Khanin A. L. , Zimina V. N. , Dadyka I. V. , Gorjaeva M. O.
Published: August 2021

The aim of the study was to examine the role of COPD in the structure of respiratory diseases in HIV patients and the course of these comorbidities among hospitalized patients with HIV infection.

Methods. A continuous longitudinal retrospective study was conducted in the Holy Great Martyr George the Victorious Novokuznetsk City Clinical Hospital No.2 and included all HIV patients with respiratory diseases (n = 185) hospitalized in the therapeutic department in 2017 – 2018. About 2% of population in the Kemerovo region (with the population 2.7 million people) is known to be HIV-infected. The regional COPD incidence is 124.7/100 000.

Results. COPD was diagnosed in 19 (10.3%) of all HIV patients hospitalized with respiratory diseases. 73.7% of patients with COPD were aged ≤ 40 years, the mean age was 37.6 ± 5.0 years. All patients (100.0%) were known to have smoking and intravenous drug use as potential risk factors for the development and progression of COPD. The ART coverage was low (21.1%). 68.5% of patients with COPD had severe bronchial obstruction with a decrease in FEV1 < 50% of predicted values (GOLD grades III – IV). 73.7% of the patients were assigned to COPD group B, the rest 26.3% – to group D. In 31.6% of patients, the main cause of hospitalization was COPD itself, in 68.4% – COPD combined with other lung diseases (community-acquired pneumonias, septic embolism, tuberculosis and pneumocystosis). The CD4-lymphocyte count in cases of COPD combined with other respiratory diseases (median 214.0 cell/μl) was lower than in COPD as the only respiratory disease (median 495.5 cells/μl) (p = 0,014).

Conclusion. The socio-economic significance of both HIV-infection and COPD argues the further study of the course and treatment of COPD in persons with HIV-infection.