bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monocyte-lymphocyte cross-communication via soluble CD163 directly links innate immune system activation and adaptive immune system suppression following ischemic stroke
Authors: O’Connell Grant C. , Tennant Connie S. , Lucke-Wold Noelle , Kabbani Yasser , Tarabishy Abdul R. , Chantler Paul D. , Barr Taura L.
Published: October 2017

CD163 is a scavenger receptor expressed on innate immune cell populations which can be shed from the plasma membrane via the metalloprotease ADAM17 to generate a soluble peptide with lympho-inhibitory properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate CD163 as a possible effector of stroke-induced adaptive immune system suppression. Liquid biopsies were collected from ischemic stroke patients (n = 39), neurologically asymptomatic controls (n = 20), and stroke mimics (n = 20) within 24 hours of symptom onset. Peripheral blood ADAM17 activity and soluble CD163 levels were elevated in stroke patients relative to non-stroke control groups, and negatively associated with post-stroke lymphocyte counts. Subsequentin vitroexperiments suggested that this stroke-induced elevation in circulating soluble CD163 likely originates from activated monocytic cells, as serum from stroke patients stimulated ADAM17-dependant CD163 shedding from healthy donor-derived monocytes. Additionalin vitroexperiments demonstrated that stroke-induced elevations in circulating soluble CD163 can elicit direct suppressive effects on the adaptive immune system, as serum from stroke patients inhibited the proliferation of healthy donor-derived lymphocytes, an effect which was attenuated following serum CD163 depletion. Collectively, these observations provide novel evidence that the innate immune system employs protective mechanisms aimed at mitigating the risk of post-stroke autoimmune complications driven by adaptive immune system overactivation, and that CD163 is key mediator of this phenomenon.
Self-assembly of a parallelogram black phosphorus ribbon into a nanotube
Authors: Shi Jiao , Cai Kun , Liu Ling-Nan , Qin Qing-Hua
Published: October 2017

A nanotube from single-layer black phosphorus (BP) has never been discovered in experiments. The present study proposed a method for the fabrication of a BP nanotube (BPNT) from a parallelogram nanoribbon self-assembled on a carbon nanotube (CNT). The nanoribbon has a pair of opposite sides along the third principal direction. According to the numerical simulation via molecular dynamics approach, we discover that a wider BP nanoribbon can form into a series of chiral nanotube by self-assembly upon CNTs with different radii. The radius of a BPNT from the same ribbon has a wide range, and depends on both geometry of the ribbon and the CNT. One can obtain a BPNT with the specified radius by placing the ribbon nearby a given CNT. The method provides a clue for potential fabrication of BPNTs.
Classical swine fever virus nonstructural protein p7 modulates infectious virus production
Authors: Zhao Cheng , Shen Xiaofang , Wu Rui , Li Ling , Pan Zishu
Published: October 2017

The classical swine fever virus (CSFV) nonstructural protein p7 is crucial for virus production, yet precisely how the p7 modulates this process is unclear. In this study, we first identified the interactions of p7 with E2 and NS2. The key binding regions of both p7 and NS2 mapped to the first transmembrane (TM1) domain of two proteins. Three amino acid substitutions in the TM1 region of p7 (p7TDI18/19/20AAA, p7EVV21/22/23AAA and p7YFY25/26/30AAA) impaired infectious virus production and reduced the interaction of p7 with the NS2 protein. The E2p7 processing and mature p7, but not the E2p7 precursor, are essential for infectious virus production. Bicistronic mutants (pSM/E2/IRES) with single substitutions at residues 1 to 9 of p7 exhibited a significantly increased infectious CSFV titer compared to their counterparts in the context of pSM. Viral genomic RNA copies of the mutants exhibited similar levels compared with the wt CSFV. Our results demonstrated that CSFV p7 and its precursor E2p7 modulate viral protein interactions and infectious virus production without influencing viral RNA replication.
Perceived stress level and risk of cancer incidence in a Japanese population: the Japan Public Health Center (JPHC)-based Prospective Study
Authors: Song Huan , Saito Eiko , Sawada Norie , Abe Sarah K. , Hidaka Akihisa , Shimazu Taichi , Yamaji Taiki , Goto Atsushi , Iwasaki Motoki , Sasazuki Shizuka , Ye Weimin , Inoue Manami , Tsugane Shoichiro
Published: October 2017

Evidence regarding stress as a risk factor for cancer onset is inconsistent. In this study, based on the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study, we enrolled 101,708 participants aged 40–69 years from 1990–1994. The self-reported perceived stress level was collected at baseline and updated through 5-year follow-up. The association between perceived stress and cancer risk was measured by Cox proportional hazards regression model, adjusted for all known confounders. During follow-up (mean = 17.8 years), we identified 17,161 cancer cases. We found no association between baseline perceived stress level and cancer incidence. However, by taking account of the dynamic changes in perceived stress, time-varying analyses revealed a slightly (4–6%) increased overall cancer risk for subjects under elevated perceived stress levels compared to the ‘low stress level’ group. Analyses concerning long-term perceived stress level showed that individuals with constantly high perceived stress level had an 11% (95% confidence interval 1–22%) excess risk for cancer compared to subjects with persistently low stress levels. This association was confined to men (20% excess risk), and was particularly strong among smokers, alcohol drinkers, obese subjects, and subjects without family history of cancer. Therefore, we concluded high perceived stress level might contribute to excess overall cancer incidence among men.
The utility of bioenergetics modelling in quantifying predation rates of marine apex predators: Ecological and fisheries implications
Authors: Barnett A. , Braccini M. , Dudgeon C. L. , Payne N. L. , Abrantes K. G. , Sheaves M. , Snelling E. P.
Published: October 2017

Predators play a crucial role in the structure and function of ecosystems. However, the magnitude of this role is often unclear, particularly for large marine predators, as predation rates are difficult to measure directly. If relevant biotic and abiotic parameters can be obtained, then bioenergetics modelling offers an alternative approach to estimating predation rates, and can provide new insights into ecological processes. We integrate demographic and ecological data for a marine apex predator, the broadnose sevengill shark Notorynchus cepedianus, with energetics data from the literature, to construct a bioenergetics model to quantify predation rates on key fisheries species in Norfolk Bay, Australia. We account for the uncertainty in model parameters by incorporating parameter confidence through Monte Carlo simulations and running alternative variants of the model. Model and parameter variants provide alternative estimates of predation rates. Our simplest model estimates that ca. 1130 ± 137 N. cepedianus individuals consume 11,379 (95% CI: 11,111–11,648) gummy sharks Mustelus antarcticus (~21 tonnes) over a 36-week period in Norfolk Bay, which represents a considerable contribution to total predation mortality on this key fishery species. This study demonstrates how the integration of ecology and fisheries science can provide information for ecosystem and fisheries management.
A coordinated sequence of distinct flagellar waveforms enables a sharp flagellar turn mediated by squid sperm pH-taxis
Authors: Iida Tomohiro , Iwata Yoko , Mohri Tatsuma , Baba Shoji A. , Hirohashi Noritaka
Published: October 2017

Animal spermatozoa navigate by sensing ambient chemicals to reach the site of fertilization. Generally, such chemicals derive from the female reproductive organs or cells. Exceptionally, squid spermatozoa mutually release and perceive carbon dioxide to form clusters after ejaculation. We previously identified the pH-taxis by which each spermatozoon can execute a sharp turn, but how flagellar dynamics enable this movement remains unknown. Here, we show that initiation of the turn motion requires a swim down a steep proton gradient (a theoretical estimation of ≥0.025 pH/s), crossing a threshold pH value of ~5.5. Time-resolved kinematic analysis revealed that the turn sequence results from the rhythmic exercise of two flagellar motions: a stereotypical flagellar ‘bent-cane’ shape followed by asymmetric wave propagation, which enables a sharp turn in the realm of low Reynolds numbers. This turning episode is terminated by an ‘overshoot’ trajectory that differs from either straight-line motility or turning. As with bidirectional pH-taxes in some bacteria, squid spermatozoa also showed repulsion from strong acid conditions with similar flagellar kinematics as in positive pH-taxis. These findings indicate that squid spermatozoa might have a unique reorientation mechanism, which could be dissimilar to that of classical egg-guided sperm chemotaxis in other marine invertebrates.
Uncoupling Oncogene-Induced Senescence (OIS) and DNA Damage Response (DDR) triggered by DNA hyper-replication: lessons from primary mouse embryo astrocytes (MEA)
Authors: Seoane Marcos , Costoya José A. , Arce Víctor M.
Published: October 2017

Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a complex process, in which activation of oncogenic signals during early tumorigenesis results in a high degree of DNA replication stress. The ensuing response to the DNA damage produces a permanent G1 arrest that prevents unlimited cell proliferation and lessens the development of tumours. However, despite the role of OIS in the proliferative arrest resulting from an activating oncogenic-lesion has obtained wide support, there is also evidence indicating that cells may overcome oncogene-induced senescence under some circumstances. In this study, we have investigated the possibility that some of the assumptions on the role of DNA damage response (DDR) in triggering OIS may depend on the fact that most of the available data were obtained in mouse embryo fibroblast. By comparing the degree of OIS observed in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) and mouse embryo astrocytes (MEA) obtained from the same individuals we have demonstrated that, despite truthful activation of DDR in both cell types, significant levels of OIS were only detected in MEF. Therefore, this uncoupling between OIS and DDR observed in astrocytes supports the intriguingly possibility that OIS is not a widespread response mechanism to DDR.
Selective catalytic dehydration of furfuryl alcohol to 2, 2′-difurfuryl ether using a polyoxometalate catalyst
Authors: Yang Shaoxiang , Hao Yanfeng , Wang Jialin , Wang Hao , Zheng Yimeng , Tian Hongyu , Liu Yongguo , Sun Baoguo
Published: October 2017

The spice flavour compound 2, 2′-difurfuryl ether (DFE) is widely utilised in the food industry as it has a coffee-like, nutty, earthy, mushroom-like odour. However, despite intensive research efforts, to date, an environmentally friendly and practical synthetic preparation technique for 2, 2′-difurfuryl ether is still unavailable. Here, we investigate a new approach using polyoxometalate catalysts to selectively catalytically dehydrate furfuryl alcohol to 2, 2′-difurfuryl ether. We have successfully applied this methodology using the polyoxometalate (POMs) catalyst {[(CH3CH2CH2CH2)4N]2[SMo12O40]} to produce 2,2′-difurfuryl ether in a 30.86% isolated yield.
The sex pheromone of a globally invasive honey bee predator, the Asian eusocial hornet, Vespa velutina
Authors: Wen Ping , Cheng Ya-Nan , Dong Shi-Hao , Wang Zheng-Wei , Tan Ken , Nieh James C.
Published: October 2017

The Asian hornet, Vespa velutina, is an invasive, globally-distributed predator of European honey bees and other insects. To better under its reproductive biology and to find a specific, effective, and low-impact control method for this species, we identified and tested the key compounds in V. velutina sex pheromone. Virgin gynes (reproductive females) produced this sex pheromone in the sixth intersegmental sternal glands of their abdomens. The active compounds were 4-oxo-octanoic acid (4-OOA, 10.4 μg bee−1) and 4-oxo-decanoic acid (4-ODA, 13.3 μg bee−1) at a 0.78 ratio of 4-OOA/4-ODA. We synthesized these compounds and showed that male antennae were highly sensitive to them. Moreover, males were only strongly attracted to a 4-OOA/4-ODA blend at the natural ratio produced by gynes. These results provide the first demonstration of an effective way to lure V. velutina males, and the first chemical identification of a sex pheromone in the eusocial hornets.
The circadian transcriptome of marine fish (Sparus aurata) larvae reveals highly synchronized biological processes at the whole organism level
Authors: Yúfera M. , Perera E. , Mata-Sotres J. A. , Calduch-Giner J. , Martínez-Rodríguez G. , Pérez-Sánchez J.
Published: October 2017

The regulation of circadian gene expression remains largely unknown in farmed fish larvae. In this study, a high-density oligonucleotide microarray was used to examine the daily expression of 13,939 unique genes in whole gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae with fast growth potentiality. Up to 2,229 genes were differentially expressed, and the first two components of Principal Component Analysis explained more than 81% of the total variance. Clustering analysis of differentially expressed genes identified 4 major clusters that were triggered sequentially, with a maximum expression at 0 h, 3 h, 9–15 h and 18-21 h zeitgeber time. Various core clock genes (per1, per2, per3, bmal1, cry1, cry2, clock) were identified in clusters 1–3, and their expression was significantly correlated with several genes in each cluster. Functional analysis revealed a daily consecutive activation of canonical pathways related to phototransduction, intermediary metabolism, development, chromatin remodeling, and cell cycle regulation. This daily transcriptome of whole larvae resembles a cell cycle (G1/S, G2/M, and M/G1 transitions) in synchronization with multicellular processes, such as neuromuscular development. This study supports that the actively feeding fish larval transcriptome is temporally organized in a 24-h cycle, likely for maximizing growth and development.
The thermogenic actions of natriuretic peptide in brown adipocytes: The direct measurement of the intracellular temperature using a fluorescent thermoprobe
Authors: Kimura Haruka , Nagoshi Tomohisa , Yoshii Akira , Kashiwagi Yusuke , Tanaka Yoshiro , Ito Keiichi , Yoshino Takuya , Tanaka Toshikazu D. , Yoshimura Michihiro
Published: October 2017

In addition to the various effects of natriuretic peptides (NPs) on cardiovascular systems, increasing attention is being paid to the possibility that NPs induce adipose tissue browning and activate thermogenic program. We herein established a direct intracellular temperature measurement system using a fluorescent thermoprobe and investigated the thermogenic effects of A-type NP (ANP) on brown adipocytes. The thermoprobe was successfully introduced into rat brown adipocytes, and the temperature dependent change in fluorescence intensity ratio was measured using a fluorescence microscope. After one-hour incubation with ANP, the degree of the change in fluorescence intensity ratio was significantly higher in ANP-treated (P < 0.01) adipocytes compared to untreated controls. The ANP treatment increased uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) mRNA levels, which is one of the markers of thermogenesis in adipocytes, while the intracellular ATP content was not changed, indicating mitochondrial uncoupled respiration. Intriguingly, these thermogenic actions of ANP were more prominent when brown adipocytes were incubated at 35 °C than at 37 °C. Moreover, the increase in the intracellular temperature and the expression of UCP1 induced by ANP were cancelled by p38MAPK inhibition. Taken together, this study directly demonstrated the thermogenic actions of ANP in brown adipocytes through the use of a novel method of intracellular temperature measurement.
Membranes prepared from graphene-based nanomaterials for sustainable applications: a review
Authors: Zhu Xiaoying , Yang Kaijie , Chen Baoliang
Published: October 2017

Graphene-containing membranes (GCMs) constructed in different manners indicate promising performance in various applications.
Exploring the role of GS–GOGAT cycle in microcystin synthesis and regulation – a model based analysis
Authors: Banerjee Swarnendu , Subramanian Abhishek , Chattopadhyay Joydev , Sarkar Ram Rup
Published: October 2017

First kinetic model of microcystin regulation that explains the biochemical and gene regulatory events linking environmental nitrogen change with microcystin.
A super stretchable and sensitive strain sensor based on a carbon nanocoil network fabricated by a simple peeling-off approach
Authors: Deng Chenghao , Pan Lujun , Zhang Dongmei , Li Chengwei , Nasir Habib
Published: October 2017

Through a simple peeling-off approach, a super stretchable and sensitive strain sensor based on a carbon nanocoil network is fabricated.
Sequential asymmetric hydrogenation and photoredox chemistry with a single catalyst
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Qin Jie , Huang Xiaoqiang , Meggers Eric
Published: October 2017

A single chiral iridium catalyst promotes two mechanistically distinct reaction types in a sequential fashion, namely asymmetric hydrogenation (two-electron mechanism) and photoredox chemistry (one-electron mechanism).
Enhanced separation and antifouling performance of reverse osmosis membrane incorporated with carbon nanotubes functionalized by atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Zhao Man , Fu Shancan , Zhang Huifeng , Huang Hai , Wei Yangyang , Zhang Yushan
Published: October 2017

TEM and HAADF-STEM-EDS merged elemental mapping images of functionalized MWCNTs, and antifouling mechanism of mixed-matrix RO membranes.
Water uptake and hygroscopicity of perchlorates and implications for the existence of liquid water in some hyperarid environments
Authors: Gu Wenjun , Li Yongjie , Tang Mingjin , Jia Xiaohong , Ding Xiang , Bi Xinhui , Wang Xinming
Published: October 2017

Dependence of deliquescence relative humidity of perchlorates on temperature.
Ag2S quantum dots in situ coupled to hexagonal SnS2 with enhanced photocatalytic activity for MO and Cr(vi) removal
Authors: Liu Jie , Jing Liquan , Gao Guofang , Xu Yuanguo , Xie Meng , Huang Liying , Ji HaiYan , Xie Jimin , Li Huaming
Published: October 2017

A highly efficient visible-light-driven composite photocatalyst of Ag2S quantum dots coupled to hexagonal SnS2 exhibited considerably increased photocatalytic activity for MO and Cr(vi) removal.
Fast screening method to characterize lithium ion battery electrolytes by means of solid phase microextraction – gas chromatography – mass spectrometry
Authors: Horsthemke Fabian , Friesen Alex , Mönnighoff Xaver , Stenzel Yannick P. , Grützke Martin , Andersson Jan T. , Winter Martin , Nowak Sascha
Published: October 2017

Several electrolytes of commercially available lithium ion batteries (LIBs) were analyzed by solid phase microextraction – gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS).
Selectivity of a QCM gas sensor modified by ZnSn(OH)6via analysis of adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics
Authors: Xie J. , Wang H. , Liu X. X. , Duan M. , Tang J. L. , Wang Y. Y.
Published: October 2017

In this paper, a novel analysis approach was employed to achieve the selectivity of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor.
Removal of dye molecules from aqueous solution by carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube functional groups: critical review
Authors: Rajabi M. , Mahanpoor K. , Moradi O.
Published: October 2017

Scheme for the adsorption of dye molecules by CNTs and CNT functionality.
Poly(o-aminothiophenol)-stabilized Pd nanoparticles as efficient heterogenous catalysts for Suzuki cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Chen Yuan , Wang Minggui , Zhang Long , Liu Yan , Han Jie
Published: October 2017

Poly(o-aminothiophenol)-stabilized Pd nanoparticles have been obtained through a facile one-step route, which exhibit excellent catalytic performance in Suzuki cross-coupling reactions.
Hyperhalogen properties of early-transition-metal borates
Authors: Liu Jia-Yuan , Ma Hai-Di , Sun Yan-bo , Li Ying , Sun Wei-Ming , Wu Di , Li Zhi-Ru
Published: October 2017

The hyperhalogen character of three series of early-transition-metal borates has been proposed.
A competing, dual mechanism for catalytic direct benzene hydroxylation from combined experimental-DFT studies
Authors: Vilella Laia , Conde Ana , Balcells David , Díaz-Requejo M. Mar , Lledós Agustí , Pérez Pedro J.
Published: October 2017

A dual mechanism for direct benzene catalytic hydroxylation is described.
Teixobactin analogues reveal enduracididine to be non-essential for highly potent antibacterial activity and lipid II binding
Authors: Parmar Anish , Iyer Abhishek , Prior Stephen H. , Lloyd Daniel G. , Leng Goh Eunice Tze , Vincent Charlotte S. , Palmai-Pallag Timea , Bachrati Csanad Z. , Breukink Eefjan , Madder Annemieke , Lakshminarayanan Rajamani , Taylor Edward J. , Singh Ishwar
Published: October 2017

Leu10-teixobactin and Ile10-teixobactin have shown comparable activity to natural teixobactin.
Exploiting rhodium-catalysed ynamide hydroacylation as a platform for divergent heterocycle synthesis
Authors: Straker Robert N. , Majhail Manjeet K. , Willis Michael C.
Published: October 2017

The first examples of ynamide hydroacylation are described. The choice of ligand system determines reaction regioselectivity, resulting in α- and β-enaminones. The latter are transformed into a variety of N-heterocycles.
Residual stresses in colloidal gels
Authors: Moghimi Esmaeel , Jacob Alan R. , Petekidis George
Published: October 2017

A combination of experiments and Brownian Dynamics (BD) simulations is utilized to examine internal stresses in colloidal gels brought to rest from steady shear at different shear rates.
The effect of compressed CO2 on the self-assembly of surfactants for facile preparation of ordered mesoporous carbon materials
Authors: Huang Xin , Li Wei , Li Shuang , Wang Cheng , Zhang Mengnan , Sen Luan Sen Luan , Hou Xiaojian , Wang Qian
Published: October 2017

The effect of compressed CO2 on the properties of OMC was investigated based on the self-assembly of surfactants in aqueous solution.
A facile method for the preparation of three-dimensional CNT sponge and a nanoscale engineering design for high performance fiber-shaped asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Li Yong , Kang Zhuo , Yan Xiaoqin , Cao Shiyao , Li Minghua , Liu Yichong , Liu Shuo , Sun Yihui , Zheng Xin , Zhang Yue
Published: October 2017

Fiber supercapacitors (FSCs) have great application potential in future smart textiles and portable and wearable electronics because of their flexibility, tiny volume and wearability.
Searching severest VSM basing on CCPF among multiple dispatch centres
Authors: Ren Zhengwei , Chen Ying , Huang Shaowei , Zhang Lu
Published: October 2017

It is important to search voltage stability margin (VSM) of an interconnected power system in order to determine secure operation constraints. Traditionally, centralised continuation power flow (CPF) is used, which may fail to model the varied load growth directions of different regional power grids. In this study, a distributed VSM searching method is proposed grounding on a coordinated CPF (CCPF) performed by neighbouring dispatch centres. First, a distributed power flow model for VSM is established, which considers the automatic allocation of network loss. Then, a critical bus of the power system is used to indicate the system‐level voltage stability. It is chosen according to the sensitivity of the minimum singular value of Jacobi matrix to nodal voltage amplitudes, and the sensitivity of boundary power injection to nodal voltage amplitudes. Moreover, the gradient of critical bus voltage amplitude to regional loading parameters is computed, which is set as the load growth direction for the current step. The severest VSM is obtained by solving the CCPF iteratively along the worst load growth direction. Tests on IEEE 118 bus system and a real power grid of China validate the proposed method in the enhancement of the security for interconnected power systems.
Image colourisation by non‐local total variation method in the CB and YIQ colour spaces
Authors: Hu Haibing , Li Fang
Published: October 2017

Colourisation is a process of adding colour to greyscale images. In this study, the authors propose two new colourisation models based on non‐local total variation regularisation in the chromaticity and brightness (CB) colour space and the YIQ colour space. Lagrange multiplier method is used to handle the sphere constraint of chromaticity in the CB colour space. By introducing an extra variable and using the dual version of non‐local total variation, they split the proposed colourisation problems into two subproblems with closed‐form solutions and get two iterative algorithms. Experimental results and comparisons demonstrate that the advantage of the proposed methods is that they can preserve the colour edges better than the closely related existing methods, especially the total variation methods.
Synthesis of mix‐faceted Cu2 O nanoparticles with tunable {111} and {100} facet ratios for enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Sun Yue , Yu Xin , Jin Zhanshuang , Liu Jiawen , Li Zhonghua
Published: October 2017

The mix‐faceted Cu2 O nanoparticles with tunable {111} and {100} facet ratios were successfully prepared by a facile method. In this experiment, the as‐synthesised Cu2 O photocatalysts with different {111} and {100} facet ratios were more active than the sole {111} or {100} faceted Cu2 O. The optimised Cu2 O photocatalyst with 68% {100} facet displayed the highest visible light photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production, which was about 4.53 and 5.89 times as high as that of Cu2 O nanoparticles with the single (100) and (111) facets. Besides, possible photogenerated electrons and holes transfer mechanism of the mix‐faceted Cu2 O was proposed in detail.
Search for hydrogen-helium molecular species in space
Authors: Zicler E. , Parisel O. , Pauzat F. , Ellinger Y. , Bacchus-Montabonel M.-C. , Maillard J.-P.
Published: October 2017

Context. Helium, the second most abundant element in the Universe, with a relative abundance of He/H ~ 1/10, has never been observed in any other form than that of a neutral atom (He) or an ion (He+) in the interstellar medium. Since He is a noble gas its non-observation as part of neutral molecular systems is understandable, but it is very surprising for a positively charged species such as HeH+ that is a stable diatomic ion whose spectral signatures are well known in the laboratory.

Aims. This non-observation, even in hydrogen rich regions, could imply that HeH+ is not a proper target and that alternatives have to be considered, such as small HeHn+ clusters. The present study aims at finding whether the leading term HeH3+ fulfills the conditions required.

Methods. We addressed the question with state-of-the-art numerical simulations. We determined a two-dimension ab initio potential energy surface (PES) of the HeH3+ cluster along the He...H3+ and HeH+...H2 reaction coordinates. The calculations rely on complete active space configuration interaction followed by a second order perturbation treatment (CAS-PT2). This surface was used for the evaluation of the two radiative associations rate constants by means of a quantum treatment of the collision between the interacting fragments.

Results. These calculations show unambiguously that HeH3+ is the most stable point on the corresponding global PES. Then, we determined the rate constants of the radiative associations HeH+ + H2 and He + H3+ leading to HeH3+.

Conclusions. Significative values were obtained that reach up to 2 × 10-18 cm3 s-1, which should stimulate new tentatives to detect molecular helium in astrophysical objects.
Trendstudie Servicegesellschaften: Luft nach oben
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: October 2017

Der Umsatz externer Dienstleister in Deutschland hat 2016 ein Volumen von 52,5 Milliarden Euro erreicht. 12,5 Prozent davon wurden im Gesundheitswesen verdient. Dem Marktforschungsinstitut Lünendonk zufolge ist das Sparpotenzial durch Outsourcing jedoch noch nicht ausgeschöpft.
Klinik Unternehmen: Auf-/Absteiger des Monats
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: October 2017

Börsenexperte Hartmut Schmidt analysiert für kma die Jahresabschlüsse* ausgewählter Kliniken
Eins. Zwei. Acht. Eine einfache Formel
Authors: Vogt Birgit
Published: October 2017

Das Hamburger Krimifestival steht jedes Jahr fest in meinem Kalenderund man muss schnell sein, sonst sind die Karten ausverkauft.
Personalpolitik: Wenn die Männer aus dem Blick geraten
Authors: Trappe Thomas
Published: October 2017

Familie und Arztberuf vereinen zu können, das formulieren immer mehr Kliniken und Verbände als selbstverständliches Ziel. Meist geht es darum, Ärztinnen Angebote zu machen – die Männer drohen dabei auf der Strecke zu bleiben. Bei Vivantes versucht man, allen Ärzten Optionen zu bieten.
Qualitätsbasierte Vergütung: USA als Vorreiter – wird Deutschland nachziehen?
Authors: Matthes Nikolas
Published: October 2017

Mit dem Krankenhausstrukturgesetz werden in Deutschland Qualitätsindikatoren für Krankenhäuser erstmals verbindlich vorgeschrieben. Es macht daher Sinn, sich mit den Erfahrungen anderer Länder vertraut zu machen und zu schauen, ob und wie dort eine qualitätsbasierte Vergütung funktioniert.
Cyberpolicen: Schutz mit Tücken
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: October 2017

In der Versicherungswirtschaft herrscht Goldgräberstimmung. Seit den IT-Attacken auf Krankenhäuser ist die Nachfrage nach Cyberversicherungen, deren Markt jahrelang vor sich hin dümpelte, rasant gestiegen. Noch zögern jedoch viele Kliniken mit dem Abschluss, denn der Markt ist unübersichtlich – und manche Detailfrage noch nicht geklärt.
Catering: Trend zu Komplettpaketen
Authors: Mewis Dirk
Published: October 2017

Das Krankenhauscatering hat sich verändert. Die Angebote reichen mittlerweile vom klassischen Catering-Vertrag bis hin zur Gründung oder Beteiligung an einer Servicegesellschaft. Gleichzeitig sind auch die Anforderungen an die Verpflegungslösungen gestiegen.
Outsourcing: „Das macht unser Dienstleister.“
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: October 2017

Technik muss nicht nur beschafft und programmiert werden. Sie muss auch fehlerfrei funktionieren und mit anderen Geräten interagieren. Im Ergebnis zwingen immer komplexere technische und logistische Prozesse zum gezielten Einkauf von externem Know-How. Der Weg zum „Smart Hospital“ führt also für viele Kliniken über Dienstleister.
Einwurf zur Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen: Technischer Fortschritt ist kein Selbstläufer
Authors: Spitzer Stefan G.
Published: October 2017

Um es gleich zum Ausdruck zu bringen: Alles ist richtig. Die Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen ist überfällig, wird die Patientenversorgung und Arbeit der am Versorgungsprozess Beteiligten verbessern und bietet ein enormes Potenzial zur Steigerung von Effizienz und Effektivität der gesundheitlichen Versorgung. Und vor allem: Sie ist für die Bewältigung der Herausforderungen des gesellschaftlichen Wandels in unserem Land unverzichtbar und sollte deshalb sehr schnell (Juristen würden sagen: unverzüglich) um- und durchgesetzt werden.
Complicated Gastroschisis Is Associated with Greater Intestinal Morbidity than Gastroschisis or Intestinal Atresia Alone
Authors: Koivusalo Antti , Pakarinen Mikko , Mutanen Annika
Published: October 2017

Aim The study aimed to compare outcomes and intestinal morbidity among complicated gastroschisis, isolated gastroschisis, and intestinal atresia.

Methods In this retrospective observational single institution study, outcomes and intestinal morbidity were compared among gastroschisis complicated by intestinal atresia or perinatal bowel perforation, isolated gastroschisis, and isolated intestinal atresia. We included two cohorts; the first cohort included 68 consecutive patients with complicated gastroschisis (n = 9), isolated gastroschisis (n = 34), and intestinal atresia (n = 25) managed in our center. The second cohort included 20 patients (12 referred) with intestinal failure due to these underlying etiologies managed by our intestinal rehabilitation team.

Results Patients with complicated gastroschisis had a significantly longer need for mechanical ventilation, primary hospital stay, and duration of parenteral nutrition (PN) and developed intestinal failure more often compared with other groups (p < 0.05 for all). Reoperations for surgical complications were also more frequent in patients with complicated gastroschisis (p < 0.05). Among those, who developed intestinal failure, autologous intestinal reconstruction (AIR) surgery was performed in 11 patients with comparable frequency in all groups. Repeated AIR surgery for bowel re-dilatation was required in 3/3 patients with complicated gastroschisis and 0/8 with isolated gastroschisis or intestinal atresia (p = 0.004).

Conclusion Complicated gastroschisis is associated with markedly increased intestinal morbidity, reflected by prolonged duration of PN, more frequent reoperations for intestinal complications, and bowel re-dilatation after AIR surgery, when compared with patients with isolated gastroschisis or intestinal atresia.
Immunobiology of Pediatric Tuberculosis: Lessons Learned and Implications for an Improved TB-Vaccine
Authors: Boer Mardi , Lewinsohn Deborah , Lancioni Christina
Published: October 2017

Children, especially neonates and young infants, are uniquely vulnerable to tuberculosis (TB) and frequently present with primary progressive pulmonary or disseminated disease. There is an urgent need to understand the unique immunobiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in young infants and to identify protective infant immune responses. The existing vaccine against TB, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (M. bovis BCG), provides a partial protection against TB disease and disseminated forms of TB in infants; however, it is unknown how this partial protection is mediated. To end pediatric TB morbidity and mortality, a fully efficacious next-generation TB-vaccine is needed. Here, we focus on our current understanding of TB immunobiology as it pertains to young infants, and we evaluate what BCG-vaccination, as well as recently trialed novel TB-vaccines, has taught us about the immunobiology of mycobacterial infection in this population.
Kontrollfiktionen der Prostitution. Das
Prostituiertenschutzgesetz im historischen Kontext
Authors: Ziemann Andreas
Published: October 2017

Der Aufsatz befragt das neue Prostituiertenschutzgesetz auf seine (latenten)
kultur- und ideengeschichtlichen Hintergründe und vergleicht die dort
ausgeführte außerstrafrechtliche Regulierung der Prostitution mit moralischen,
politischen und juristischen Positionen aus dem 15. sowie 19. Jahrhundert. Dazu
werden, diskursanalytisch inspiriert, Originalquellen und einschlägige
Sprecherpositionen erschlossen, hermeneutisch ausgelegt und
gesellschaftstheoretisch auf ihre jeweilige Vorstellung und Programmatik von
Ordnung und Funktion hin beobachtet. Ganz wesentlich erscheint die
Prostitutionsfrage – Kann man Prostitution wollen, oder muss man sie verbieten?
Welche Formen können geduldet und welche sollen legalisiert werden? – von Anfang
an als untergeordnete zur Frage der sozialen Ordnung. Dem steht der historische
Befund zur Seite, dass das prominente Narrativ stabil zu bleiben scheint, wonach
staatlich kontrollierte und medizinisch überwachte kasernierte Prostitution das
geringere Übel sei gegenüber heimlicher, ortloser und vagierender Prostitution.
So wurde das Bordell zu einer gesellschaftlichen Institution. Und so bleibt es
ein paradigmatischer Ort der Kontrollfiktion und zugleich ein Komplementärort
und Schutzschild der Institution der Ehe respektive des (idealisierten)
bürgerlichen Lebens. Neuartig ist hingegen die gesetzgeberische Initiative, den
Prostituierten selbst Schutz und Selbstbestimmung zukommen zu lassen –
allerdings unter der Bedingung kontrollierter Zwangsmechanismen.
34.1.3.4 Synthesis by Substitution of Carbon Functionalities (Update 2016)
Authors: Desroches J. , Paquin J.-F.
Published: October 2017

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution describing methods for the synthesis of alkyl fluorides by substitution of carbon functionalities. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2000–2015.
1.2 Intramolecular Heck Reactions
Authors: Jammi S. , Nottingham C. , Guiry P.
Published: October 2017

This chapter presents the best methods for non-enantioselective and enantioselective intramolecular Heck reactions to form cyclic molecules.
Narrow-pass-band filters based on binary superlattices with strong impedance contrast
Authors: Iakushev D. A. , Makarov N. M. , Pérez-Rodríguez F.
Published: October 2017

The photonic band structure and transmission coefficient of a dielectric bilayer periodic array with strong impedance contrast are calculated and analyzed. It is found that the photonic band structure has broad pass bands and very narrow gaps. However, because of the strong impedance contrast and the use of lossless dielectric layers, the transmission spectrum exhibits sharp peaks inside the pass bands. The remarkable properties of the superlattice can be used for the fabrication of narrow-pass-band filters.
Piezoelectric response in SmFe3(BO3)4, a non-piezoactive configuration. The surface piezoelectric effect
Authors: Kolodyazhnaya M. P. , Zvyagina G. A. , Gudim I. A. , Bilych I. V. , Burma N. G. , Zhekov K. R. , Fil V. D.
Published: October 2017

An investigation of the mechanisms responsible for the manifestation of the piezoelectric effect in configurations that should not allow for piezoelectric response in the paramagnetic state due to their symmetry. In spite of these symmetry constraints the existence of such a piezoelectric response is detected in this study. It is assumed that these results are associated with the surface on which symmetry constraints are absent. In the magnetically ordered state an indirect piezoelectric effect is both symmetrically permissible and actually observable in these configurations, and it consists of the combined effects of magnetoelectric and magnetoelastic mechanisms.
Magnetic ordering of anisotropic magnets due to the rotation of a magnetic field
Authors: Zvyagin A. A.
Published: October 2017

It is predicted that in a magnetic material with magnetic anisotropy of the effective g-factor, rotation of an external magnetic field from the axis with the maximum effective g-factor to that with a lower g-factor can induce a transition to the ordered state. It is shown that the predicted scenario can be realized in rare-earth insulating magnetic systems with a low (below 1 K) magnetic ordering temperature.
Electric and magnetic properties of titanium-cobalt-oxide single crystals produced by floating zone melting with light heating
Authors: Balbashov A. M. , Mukhin A. A. , Ivanov V. Yu. , Iskhakova L. D. , Voronchikhina M. E.
Published: October 2017

Single crystals of spinel Co2TiO4, CoTiO3 of ilmenite structure and pseudobrookite CoTi2O5 were grown by means of zone melting equipment URN-2-ZM. The growth processes were performed in an air atmosphere with a speed ∼10 mm/h and a final annealing of the crystal at temperature of 1250 °C. Co2TiO4 and CoTi2O5 crystals were obtained with a diameter of 12–15 mm and length up to 60 mm, being free of any other phase inclusions and cracks. However, in the CoTiO3 crystals some controversial features were found: x-ray Laue analysis indicated high-structure perfection while an electronic microscopy revealed small amount of second phase inclusions in contradiction to known phase diagram of this system. Electrical and magnetic properties of grown Co2TiO4 and CoTiO3 single crystals were studied. Semiconducting behavior of the Co2TiO4 was established with the energy gap of ∼1.3 eV. No magnetic anisotropy was found in the cubic Co2TiO4 single crystals showing a magnetic behavior similar to polycrystals. The rhombohedral CoTiO3 crystals revealed a magnetic behavior of an easy plane antiferromagnet with a significant anisotropy of the transverse magnetic susceptibilities along and perpendicular to the trigonal c axis.
Giant oscillations of the current in a dirty 2D electron system flowing perpendicular to a lateral barrier under magnetic field
Authors: Kadigrobov A. M.
Published: October 2017

The charge transport in a dirty 2-dimensional electron system biased in the presence of a lateral potential barrier under magnetic field is theoretically studied. The quantum tunnelling across the barrier provides the quantum interference of the edge states localized on its both sides that results in giant oscillations of the charge current flowing perpendicular to the lateral junction. Our theoretical analysis is in a good agreement with the experimental observations presented in Kang et al. [Lett. Nat. 403, 59 (2000)]. In particular, positions of the conductance maxima coincide with the Landau levels while the conductance itself is essentially suppressed even at the energies at which the resonant tunnelling occurs and hence these puzzling observations can be resolved without taking into account the electron-electron interaction.
Curvature contraction flows in the sphere
Authors: McCoy James
Published: October 2017

We show that convex surfaces in an ambient three-sphere contract to round points in finite time under fully nonlinear, degree one homogeneous curvature flows, with no concavity condition on the speed. The result extends to convex axially symmetric hypersurfaces of

S

n
+
1

\mathbb {S}^{n+1}

. Using a different pinching function we also obtain the analogous results for contraction by Gauss curvature.
On a quantitative reversal of Alexandrov’s inequality
Authors: Paouris Grigoris , Pivovarov Peter , Valettas Petros
Published: October 2017

Alexandrov’s inequalities imply that for any convex body

A
A

, the sequence of intrinsic volumes

V
1

(
A
)
,
…
,

V
n

(
A
)

V_1(A),\ldots ,V_n(A)

is non-increasing (when suitably normalized). Milman’s random version of Dvoretzky’s theorem shows that a large initial segment of this sequence is essentially constant, up to a critical parameter called the Dvoretzky number. We show that this near-constant behavior actually extends further, up to a different parameter associated with

A
A

. This yields a new quantitative reverse inequality that sits between the approximate reverse Urysohn inequality, due to Figiel–Tomczak–Jaegermann and Pisier, and the sharp reverse Urysohn inequality for zonoids, due to Hug–Schneider. In fact, we study concentration properties of the volume radius and mean width of random projections of

A
A

and show how these lead naturally to such reversals.
Race as Aesthetics? Denise Colomb in the Caribbean
Authors: Bishop Cécile
Published: October 2017

This article examines the role of blackness in the work of the French photographer Denise Colomb, who travelled to the Caribbean in 1948 as part of a failed collaboration with Aimé Césaire and Michel Leiris. Her work has been criticized for its aestheticizing treatment of black subjects and its lack of political awareness. I contend that such interpretations naturalize race by treating it as an unproblematic visual fact, and fail to interrogate the historical connections between racialization and the photographic medium. Instead of treating it as a thematic content of the image, this article approaches race as a formal device, a set of visual relationships between surface and depth, as well as exterior and interior, that constitutes skin colour and phenotypical features as sites of subjective legibility. Colomb’s visual strategies, which bring together painterly references and post-war humanist photography, destabilize this racial legibility by opening a gap between colour and identity. The analysis of her work — and of its limits — leads to a reconsideration of the political role of photography and reveals that a closer engagement with the aesthetic dimension of the medium allows for alternative connections between physical difference, subjectivity, and identity.
Myth, Dialogue, and Co-operation in the ‘Freedom Papers’: De Gaulle and Anglo-French Correspondence (1941–44)
Authors: Antonioli Kathleen , Cro Melinda A
Published: October 2017

This article performs a close reading of a newly discovered archive of letters to and from Charles de Gaulle, written between 1941 and 1944, to show how de Gaulle engaged in a process of auto-mythification. The archive features wartime correspondence between de Gaulle and various leaders of the British government, intelligence, and military, such as Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1941) Anthony Eden, and Chief of the Imperial General Staff General Alan Brooke. The study illuminates the problematic nature of Anglo-French collaboration in terms of shifting cultural perspectives, particularly with regard to the notion of authority. Such notions are inevitably contested, and this collection of letters is an unusually effective resource to reconstruct the essentially dialogic aspects of this contestation. Through contextualization of the correspondence, including both contemporary and retrospective accounts of the war, the article enriches our understanding of the implicit and explicit conflicts between British and French forces and the rhetorical strategies utilized to further each writer’s aims.
Factors contributing to medication errors made when using computerized order entry in pediatrics: a systematic review
Authors: Tolley Clare L , Forde Niamh E , Coffey Katherine L , Sittig Dean F , Ash Joan S , Husband Andrew K , Bates David W , Slight Sarah P
Published: October 2017

Objective

To identify and understand the factors that contribute to medication errors associated with the use of computerized provider order entry (CPOE) in pediatrics and provide recommendations on how CPOE systems could be improved.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a systematic literature review across 3 large databases: the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, and Medline. Three independent reviewers screened the titles, and 2 authors then independently reviewed all abstracts and full texts, with 1 author acting as a constant across all publications. Data were extracted onto a customized data extraction sheet, and a narrative synthesis of all eligible studies was undertaken.

Results

A total of 47 articles were included in this review. We identified 5 factors that contributed to errors with the use of a CPOE system: (1) lack of drug dosing alerts, which failed to detect calculation errors; (2) generation of inappropriate dosing alerts, such as warnings based on incorrect drug indications; (3) inappropriate drug duplication alerts, as a result of the system failing to consider factors such as the route of administration; (4) dropdown menu selection errors; and (5) system design issues, such as a lack of suitable dosing options for a particular drug.

Discussion and Conclusions

This review highlights 5 key factors that contributed to the occurrence of CPOE-related medication errors in pediatrics. Dosing support is the most important. More advanced clinical decision support that can suggest doses based on the drug indication is needed.