bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of different autophagy inhibitors on treatment with ATO/ATRA in KG-1 and HL-60 leukemia cells
Authors: Haghi Atousa , Salemi Mahdieh , Fakhimahmadi Aila , Mohammadikian Mahnaz , Yousefi Hassan , Rahmati Marveh , Mohammadi Saeed , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir , Moosavi Mohammad Amin , Nikbakht Mohsen
Published: March 2020

Background : Few current autophagy inhibitors may have beneficial effects for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients in clinical phases. However, there is a strong need to figure out which settings should be activated or inhibited in autophagy pathway to prevail drug resistance and improve current treatment options in leukemia. This study aimed to compare the effects of 3 well-known inhibitors of autophagy (3-MA, BafA1 and HCQ) in human leukemia KG1 and HL-60 cells exposed to ATO and/or ATRA. Methods : Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity of KG-1 and HL-60 cells were examined by MTT assay. Autophagy was studied by evaluating the development of acidic vesicular organelles, and the autophagosomes formation was investigated by acridine orange staining and transmission electron microscopy. Gene and protein expression levels of autophagy markers ( ATGs , p62/SQSTM1 and LC-3B) were also performed by qPCR and western blotting, respectively. The rate of apoptosis (annexin-V/PI staining) and cell cycle were evaluated using flow cytometry. Result: We compared the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and/or all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in KG1 and HL-60 cells, and demonstrated that some autophagy markers can be upregulated in this context. Also, autophagy blockers HCQ and/or BafA1 could potentiate the cytotoxic effects of ATO/ATRA, which were more pronounced in KG-1 cells compared with HL-60 cell line. Conclusion: This study showed the involvement of autophagy during treatment of KG1 and HL-60 cells with ATO/ATRA.also, this study propose was to propose that combination therapy of ATO/ATRA with the autophagy inhibitor HCQ can be considered as a more effective strategy for targeting leukemic KG-1 cells. Key words: Autophagy, AML, ATO, ATRA
Changes in coagulation status as measured by thromboelastography in patients undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Yang Jingye , Zhu Sizheng , Qin Leilei , Wang Jiawei , Huang Jiaxing , Sandiford Steve , Li Feilong , Gong Xuan , Liang Xi , Huang Wei , Hu Ning
Published: March 2020

Background: Venous thromboembolism events (VTEs) continue to be of the most widespread severe complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, there are no optimal accurate monitoring methods to assess the changes in coagulability after anticoagulation and anti-fibrinolysis during the perioperative period. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine changes in coagulability as measured by thromboelastography (TEG) following revision total hip arthroplasty when the patients received rivaroxaban and tranexamic acid in perioperative period during enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 70 revision TKA patients (mean age 63.69±10.17 years). Perioperative management of each patient was conducted in accordance with ERAS. The patients received tranexamic (TXA) to control perioperative bleeding. TEG was performed pre-operatively and on post-operative days (POD) 1, 3, 5 and 7. TEG-hypercoagulability was classified into three types: enzymatic hypercoagulability, platelet hypercoagulability and mixed hypercoagulability. Screening for coagulation-related complications at three months of follow-up. Results: The mean duration of surgery was 2.91±0.99 h. the mean intraoperative blood loss of patients was 486.43±346.92 ml. And 55.71% (39) patients received transfusion, the mean blood transfusion volume was 482.86 ± 458.79 ml. There only were 4 (5.71%) patients who suffered postoperative coagulation-related complications. 1 patient with hypercoagulable on preoperative developed intramuscular venous thrombosis at 1 month postoperatively. 1 patient with hypercoagulability at POD5 and POD7 suffered melena at POD5. 2 patients with hypocoagulability developed ecchymosis at POD3. The proportion of postoperative hypercoagulable state is gradually increasing. The distribution of different hypercoagulable states on the postoperative day (POD) 5 and 7 were significantly different from that pre-operation (Pre) and POD1 (POD5 vs Pre: p=0.011; POD5 vs POD1: p=0.001; POD7 vs Pre: p=0.001; POD7 vs POD5: p<0.001). We found 32.86%(23) revision THA with hypercoagulable state on POD7.For 78.26%(18) of these patients there was mixed hypercoagulability. Conclusions: In ERAS, thromboelastography was an effective way to identify hypercoagulable state in patients undergoing revision hip arthroplasty, and mixed hypercoagulability is the predominant hypercoagulable state following revision hip arthroplasty. In addition, it is very important to develop an individualized coagulation management program.
Importance of lipid ratios for predicting intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis
Authors: Yang Wen-Song , Li Rui , Shen Yi-Qing , Wang Xing-Chen , Liu Qing-Jun , Wang Hai-Yang , Li Qi , Yao Guo-En , Xie Peng
Published: March 2020

Background: We wished to investigate the association of lipid ratios with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) in a Chinese population. Methods: We included 658 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke in our cross-sectional study. Intracranial and extracranial arteries were evaluated for atherosclerotic stenosis using digital subtraction angiography or computed tomography angiography. Lipid ratios [total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG)/HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-C)/HDL-C, remnant cholesterol (RC)/HDL-C, apolipoprotein B (apo B)/apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), and apo B/HDL-C] were calculated. Results : Ratios of TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, RC/HDL-C, non-HDL-C/HDL-C, apo B/HDL-C and apo B/apo A-I were associated significantly with ICAS but not with extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis after adjustment for confounding factors. Analyses of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves revealed the apo B/apo A-I ratio have the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) value for a lipid level alone and for lipid ratios (AUC = 0.588). Lipid ratios had higher AUC values than those for a lipid level alone for identifying ICAS. Conclusion : The ratios of TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, RC/HDL-C, non-HDL-C/HDL-C apo B/HDL-C and apo B/apo A-I were related significantly to ICAS risk. Compared with the other variables tested, the apo B/apo A-I ratio appeared to be better discriminator for identifying ICAS risk.
Variation in thyroid volumes due to differences in the measured length or area of the cross-sectional plane: A validation study of the ellipsoid approximation method using CT images.
Authors: Fujita Naotoshi , Kato Katsuhiko , Abe Shinji , Naganawa Shinji
Published: March 2020

Background This study examined the variation in the thyroid volume determined by the ellipsoid approximation method due to differences in the measured length or area of the cross-sectional plane of CT images. Methods Forty-five patients with Graves' diseasewere included in this retrospective study. We designated the three-dimensional thyroid volumes extracted manually (VCT) as the reference data and calculated five approximate volumes for comparison: (1) the mean volume of 8100 different thyroid volumes depending on the diameter of the cross-sectional plane at the midpoint of the major axis, (Vellipsoid,mean); (2) the volume using the maximum diameter and its orthogonal diameter, (Vellipsoid,maxlength); (3) the maximum (Vellipsoid,maxvolume) and (4) minimum (Vellipsoid,minvolume) of the 8100 thyroid volumes; and (5) the volume determined with an equivalent circle diameter, (Vellipsoid,Heywood). Results Thyroid volumes obtained via the ellipsoid approximation method varied depending on the diameter of the cross-sectional plane and included a mean error of approximately 20%, while the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) differed for each approximate volume. Among these volumes, Vellipsoid,meanand Vellipsoid,Heywoodwere in good agreement with VCT, according to single regression analyses and the resultant CCC values, with mean errors of 7.0% and 2.5%, respectively. Conclusion WhileVellipsoid,Heywoodapproximated thyroid volumes with vastly reduced errors, we recommend utilizing three-dimensional thyroid volumetry if measurement accuracy is required.
Efficacy of lower dose Pirfenidone for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in real practice: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hwang Hyeontaek , Lee Jung-Kyu , Choi Sun Mi , Lee Yeon Joo , Cho Young-Jae , Yoon Ho Il , Lee Jae Ho , Lee Choon-Taek , Kim Young Whan , Park Jong Sun
Published: March 2020

Background Pirfenidone slows the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We investigated the efficacy and safety of pirfenidone by dose and disease severity in real-world patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Methods This multi-centre retrospective cohort study investigated 338 patients treated with pirfenidone between July 2012 and March 2018. Demographics, pulmonary function, mortality, and pirfenidone-related adverse events were recorded. Efficacy was analysed according to pirfenidone dose and disease severity using linear mixed-effects models to assess the annual decline rate of forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusing capacity (DL CO ) of the lungs for carbon monoxide.Results The mean %FVC predicted and %DL COpredicted were 72.6±13.1% and 61.4±17.9%, respectively. Pirfenidone treatment lasted 16.1±9.0 months. In the standard-dose (1800 mg/day) group, the mean %FVC predicted was -6.56% (95% CI -9.26, -3.87) per year pre-pirfenidone treatment, but -4.43% (95% CI -5.87, -3.00) per year post-treatment. In the lower-dose group, the mean %FVC predicted was -4.96% (95% CI -6.82, -3.09) per year pre-pirfenidone treatment, but -1.79% (95% CI -2.75, -0.83) per year post-treatment. The FVC decline rate was significantly reduced regardless of GAP stage. However, the DL CO decline rate was significantly reduced in the GAP stage II–III group, but not stage I group. Adverse events and mortality were similar across dose groups, but were more frequent in the GAP stage II–III group than in the stage I group.Conclusions The effect of pirfenidone on reducing disease progression persisted even with a consistent lower dose of pirfenidone.Trial registration Retrospectively registered
Prediction of transcription factor binding site across cell-types using attention-based deep neural networks
Authors: Chen Chen , Hou Jie , Shi Xiaowen , Yang Hua , Birchler James A. , Cheng Jianlin
Published: March 2020

Background Due to the complexity of the biological systems, the prediction of the potential DNA binding sites for transcription factors remains a difficult problem in computational biology. Genomic DNA sequences and experimental results from parallel sequencing provide available information about the affinity and accessibility of genome and are commonly used features in binding sites prediction. The attention mechanism in deep learning has shown its capability to learn long-range dependencies from sequential data, such as sentences and voices. Until now, no study has applied this approach in binding site inference from massively parallel sequencing data. The successful applications of attention mechanism in similar input contexts motivate us to build and test new methods that can accurately determine the binding sites of transcription factors. Results In this study, we propose a novel tool (named DeepGRN) for transcription factors binding site prediction based on the combination of two components: single attention module and pairwise attention module. The performance of our methods is evaluated on the ENCODE-DREAM in vivo Transcription Factor Binding Site Prediction Challenge datasets. The results show that DeepGRN achieves higher unified scores in 6 of 13 targets than any of the top four methods in the DREAM challenge. We also demonstrate that the attention weights learned by the model are correlated with potential informative inputs, such as DNase-Seq coverage and motifs, which provide possible explanations for the predictive improvements in DeepGRN. Conclusions DeepGRN can automatically and effectively predict transcription factor binding sites from DNA sequences and DNase-Seq coverage. Furthermore, the visualization techniques we developed for the attention modules help to interpret how critical patterns from different types of input features are recognized by our model.
Comparison of the clinical outcomes and cement distribution patterns after percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of thoracolumbar Kümmell’s disease and OVCFs
Authors: Wang Cheng-Liang , Chen Ji-Bin , Li Te
Published: March 2020

Background The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the therapeutic effect and distribution characteristics of bone cement in the PVP treatment for thoracolumbar Kümmell's diseases and OVCFs. Methods A prospective analysis of 35 patients with Kümmell ’s disease (K group) and 35 patients with OVCFs (O group) who underwent PVP treatment from February 2016 to February 2018 was conducted. The vertebral compression rate and degree of osteoporosis were more serious in the K group than in the O group ( P <0.05, respectively). Distribution pattern, volume and leakage rate of bone cement, operation time, VAS score, ODI, correction rates of vertebral compression and kyphosis, re-fracture rate of adjacent vertebrae in 2 years between the two groups were compared to assess clinical effect. Results The follow-up time of the two groups was 24-48 months. The amount of intraoperative bone cement injection was significantly higher in the K group than in the O group ( P =0.025). The cement distribution pattern of local solid lump was dominant in the K group (65.71%), while intercalation with trabeculae was dominant in the O group (74.29%) ( P <0.001). VAS score and ODI were significantly lower both in the two groups at 1 day, 1 year and 2 years after surgery than before surgery (all P <0.05), but significantly lower in the K group than in the O group at each time point after surgery (all P <0.05). The correction rates of kyphosis and vertebral compression in both groups was significantly corrected ( P <0.05, respectively) and gradually lost with time ( P <0.05, respectively). The correction rates of kyphosis and vertebral compression were significantly higher in the K group than in the O group at each time point after surgery (all P <0.05). Conclusions PVP has the advantages of simple operation, short operation time, small trauma and quick recovery in treating both Kümmell's disease and OVCFs. However, PVP can better restore partial vertebral height and correct kyphosis in the treatment of Kümmell's disease, while can better alleviate pain and improve ODI in the treatment of OVCFs.
Effects of β-carotene intake on the risk of fracture: A Bayesian meta-analysis
Authors: Charkos Tesfaye Getachew , Liu Yawen , Oumer Kemal Sherefa , Vuong Ann M , Yang Shuman
Published: March 2020

Introduction The association between β-carotene intake and risk of fracture has been reported inconsistently. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between β-carotene intake and risk of fracture using a Bayesian approach. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library database for relevant articles until December 2019. We also performed a hand search based on reference lists from published articles. The Bayesian random effect model was used to synthesize data from individual studies. Results Nine studies with a total of 190,545 men and women were included in this meta-analysis. The participants' average age was 59.8 years old. For β-carotene intake, the pooled RR of any fracture was 0.67 (95% Credible Interval (CrI): 0.51-0.82; heterogeneity: P = 0.66, I 2 =0.00%) and 0.63 (95%CrI: 0.44-0. 82) for hip fracture. By study design, the pooled RRs were 0.55 (95% CrI: 0.14-0.96) for case-control studies and 0.82 (95% CrI: 0.58-0.99) for cohort studies. By geographic region, the pooled RRs were 0.58 (95% CrI: 0.28-0.89) for studies conducted in China, 0.86 (95% CrI: 0.35-0.1.37) in America and 0.91(95% CrI: 0.75-1.00) Europe. By gender: the pooled RRs were 0.88 (95% CrI: 0.73-0.99) for males and 0.76 (95% CrI: 0.44-1.07) for females. The probability that β-carotene intakes reduce the risk of any fracture and hip fracture by more than 20% was 95%. Conclusion The present meta-analysis suggests that β-carotene intake was inversely associated with fracture risk, consistently observed for case-control and cohort studies. Further randomized control trial is warranted to confirm this finding.
Barriers to Effective Prescribing in the Elderly: Applying the Theoretical Domains Framework in the Ambulatory Setting
Authors: Lau Sabrina , Lun Penny , Ang Wendy , Tan Keng Teng , Ding Yew Yoong
Published: March 2020

Aims: As the population ages, potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) in the elderly may become increasingly prevalent. This undermines patient safety and creates a potential source of major morbidity and mortality. Understanding the factors that influence prescribing behaviour may allow development of interventions to reduce PIP. The aim of this study is to apply the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to explore barriers to effective prescribing in the elderly in the ambulatory setting.Methods: A scoping review was performed based on the five-stage methodological framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley. Our search strategy included PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science. We also searched five electronic journals, Google and Google Scholar to identify additional sources and grey literature. Two reviewers applied eligibility criteria to the title and abstract screening, followed by full text screening, before systematically charting the data. Results: 5,731 articles were screened. 29 studies met the selection criteria for qualitative analysis. Using TDF, 14 domains for barriers to effective prescribing were identified. Significant domains include physician-related factors such as “Knowledge”, “Skills”, and “Social/Professional Role and Identity”; issues with “Environmental Context and Resources”; and the impact of “Social Influences” and “Emotion” on prescribing behaviour.Conclusion: The TDF elicited multiple domains which both independently and collectively lead to barriers to effective prescribing in elderly patients in the ambulatory setting. Changing the prescribing climate will thus require interventions targeting multiple stakeholders, including physicians, patients and hospital/clinic systems. Moving forward, we will perform a Delphi study to explore individual domains and ultimately develop a physician-pharmacist collaborative care intervention to guide prescribing for the elderly in the ambulatory setting.
Impact of the duration of preoperative glycemic control on perioperative neutrophil functions in diabetic mice with chronic hyperglycemia: a laboratory research report
Authors: Fujimoto Daichi , Nomura Yuki , Egi Moritoki , Obata Norihiko , Mizobuchi Satoshi
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND: The risk of surgical site infection has been reported to be higher in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. Since chronic hyperglycemia impairs neutrophil functions, preoperative glycemic control may restore neutrophil function. However, long-term insulin therapy may lead to a delay in surgery, which may be a problem especially in cancer surgery. It is therefore unfortunate that there was no study to investigate the optimal duration of perioperative glycemic control for diabetes with chronic hyperglycemia. Therefore, we investigated the effects of preoperative long-term insulin therapy and short-term insulin therapy on perioperative neutrophil functions in diabetic mice with chronic hyperglycemia. METHODS: Five-week-old mice were administered streptozotocin to induce diabetes. We divided the diabetic mice into three groups: a group of mice with untreated diabetes (untreated group), a group of mice that received insulin therapy for 6 hours before surgery (short-term group) and a group of mice that received insulin therapy for 5 days before surgery (long-term group). A group of non-diabetic mice were used as a control group. At 14 weeks of age, abdominal surgery with intestinal manipulation was performed in all four groups. We carried out a phagocytosis assay by fluorescent microspheres and a reactive oxygen species (ROS) production assay by DCFH-DA (2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate) before and after surgery using FACSVerse™ with BD FACSuite™ software. Phagocytosis rate (%) was calculated by dividing the number of phagocytic beads by neutrophil count. Fluorescence from DCF (dichlorofluorescein) in the neutrophils was measured and expressed as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). RESULTS: Blood glucose was lowered by insulin therapy in the short-term and long-term groups before the operation. Neutrophilic phagocytosis activities before and after the operation were significantly restored in the long-term group compared with those in the untreated group (before: p = 0.0008, after: p = 0.0005). However, they were not significantly restored in the short-term group. Neutrophilic ROS production activities before and after the operation were not restored in either the short-term group or long-term group. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative and postoperative phagocytosis activities are restored by insulin therapy for 5 days before the operation but not by insulin therapy for 6 hours before the operation.
Mineral compositions and thermobarometry of basalts and boninites recovered during IODP Expedition 352 to the Bonin forearc
Authors: Whattam Scott A. , Shervais John W. , Reagan Mark K. , Coulthard Daniel A. , Pearce Julian A. , Jones Peter , Seo Jieun , Putirka Keith , Chapman Timothy , Heaton Daniel , Li Hongyan , Nelson Wendy R. , Shimizu Kenji , Stern Robert J.
Published: March 2020

Central aims of IODP Expedition 352 were to delineate and characterize the magmatic stratigraphy in the Bonin forearc to define key magmatic processes associated with subduction initiation and their potential links to ophiolites. Expedition 352 penetrated 1.2 km of magmatic basement at four sites and recovered three principal lithologies: tholeiitic forearc basalt (FAB), high-Mg andesite, and boninite, with subordinate andesite. Boninites are subdivided into basaltic, low-Si, and high-Si varieties. The purpose of this study is to determine conditions of crystal growth and differentiation for Expedition 352 lavas and compare and contrast these conditions with those recorded in lavas from mid-ocean ridges, forearcs, and ophiolites. Cr# (cationic Cr/Cr+Al) vs. TiO2 relations in spinel and clinopyroxene demonstrate a trend of source depletion with time for the Expedition 352 forearc basalt to boninite sequence that is similar to sequences in the Oman and other suprasubduction zone ophiolites. Clinopyroxene thermobarometry results indicate that FAB crystallized at temperatures (1142–1190 °C) within the range of MORB (1133–1240 °C). When taking into consideration liquid lines of descent of boninite, orthopyroxene barometry and olivine thermometry of Expedition 352 boninites demonstrate that they crystallized at temperatures marginally lower than those of FAB, between ~1119 and ~1202 °C and at relatively lower pressure (~0.2–0.4 vs. 0.5–4.6 kbar for FAB). Elevated temperatures of boninite orthopyroxene (~1214 °C for low-Si boninite and 1231–1264 °C for high-Si boninite) may suggest latent heat produced by the rapid crystallization of orthopyroxene. The lower pressure of crystallization of the boninite may be explained by their lower density and hence higher ascent rate, and shorter distance of travel from place of magma formation to site of crystallization, which allowed the more buoyant and faster ascending boninites to rise to shallower levels before crystallizing, thus preserving their high temperatures.
Superfluids as higher-form anomalies
Authors: Delacrétaz Luca V. , Hofman Diego M. , Mathys Grégoire
Published: March 2020

We recast superfluid hydrodynamics as the hydrodynamic theory of a system with an emergent anomalous higher-form symmetry. The higher-form charge counts the winding planes of the superfluid - its constitutive relation replaces the Josephson relation of conventional superfluid hydrodynamics. This formulation puts all hydrodynamic equations on equal footing. The anomalous Ward identity can be used as an alternative starting point to prove the existence of a Goldstone boson, without reference to spontaneous symmetry breaking. This provides an alternative characterization of Landau phase transitions in terms of higher-form symmetries and their anomalies instead of how the symmetries are realized. This treatment is more general and, in particular, includes the case of BKT transitions. As an application of this formalism we construct the hydrodynamic theories of conventional (0-form) and 1-form superfluids.
Loss portfolio transfer treaties within Solvency II capital system: a reinsurer’s point of view
Authors: Ettore D’Ortona Nicolino , Marcarelli Gabriella , Melisi Giuseppe
Published: March 2020

Loss portfolio transfer (LPT) is a reinsurance treaty in which an insurer cedes the policies that have already incurred losses to a reinsurer. This operation can be carried out by an insurance company in order to reduce reserving risk and consequently reduce its capital requirement calculated, according to Solvency II. From the viewpoint of the reinsurance company, being a very complex operation, importance must be given to the methodology used to determine the price of the treaty.Following the collective risk approach, the paper examines the risk profiles and the reinsurance pricing of LPT treaties, taking into account the insurance capital requirements established by European law. For this purpose, it is essential to calculate the capital need for the risk deriving from the LPT transaction. In the case analyzed, this requirement is calculated under Solvency II legislation, considering the measure of variability determined via simulation. This quantification was also carried out for different levels of the cost of capital rate, providing a range of possible loadings to be applied to the premium. In the case of the Cost of Capital (CoC) approach, the results obtained provide a lower level of premium compared to the percentile-based method with a range between 2.69% and 1.88%. Besides, the CoC approach also provides the advantage of having an explicit parameter, the CoC rate whose specific level can be chosen by the reinsurance company based on the risk appetite.
EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA COMO ESPAÇO FORMATIVO NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES DOS ANOS INICIAIS
Authors: Ramos Nathália Barros , Cruz Shirleide Pereira da Silva
Published: March 2020

O texto busca apresentar e discutir as concepções de extensão universitária, analisando alguns documentos oficiais que alicerçam a extensão universitária no Brasil, em um processo de curricularização e favorecimento da formação de professores inicial e continuada. Os documentos apontam para problemática da curricularização da extensão. Mas a crítica que se faz e que emerge desses documentos é a falta de clareza quanto à concepção de extensão adotada pelas bases normativas, bem como a falta de discussão dessa concepção pelas universidades e até mesmo pela sociedade civil organizada. Os documentos normativos da formação inicial de professores ressaltam a importância da extensão universitária no percurso formativo desses professores, embora esse não seja um espaço privilegiado pelas instituições de ensino superior e até mesmo pela universidade. É perceptível nesses documentos o favorecimento de uma formação universitária no processo de formação inicial de professores.
PD1/PD-L1 Axis in Uro-oncology
Authors: Junker Kerstin , Eckstein Markus , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Montironi Rodolfo
Published: March 2020

The immune system is important to control tumor development and progression in humans.
However, tumor cells and cells of the tumor microenvironment can induce immune escape mechanisms
including activation of immune checkpoints such as PD-1/PD-L1. Based on this knowledge,
new immune therapies, including PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibition, have been developed and are already
recommended as a standard treatment in metastatic bladder and kidney cancer patients. In addition to
its role as a therapeutic target, PD-L1 seems to be a prognostic parameter although data are controversial.
Only little is known about signaling pathways inducing PD-L1 expression in tumor cells on one
hand and about its functional role for tumor cells itself. However, the understanding of the complex
biological function of PD-L1 will improve therapeutic options in urological malignancies. This review
is giving an overview of the current knowledge concerning the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in urological tumors
including bladder, kidney, prostate, testicular and penile cancer.
The Roles of microRNAs in Multidrug-Resistance Mechanisms in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zeng Xi , Wang Hao-Ying , Bai Su-Yang , Pu Ke , Wang Yu-Ping , Zhou Yong-Ning
Published: March 2020

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the most significant reasons for the
chemotherapeutics failure in gastric cancer. Although accumulating investigations and
researches have been made to elucidate the mechanisms of multidrug resistance, the
detail is far from completely understood. The importance of microRNAs in cancer
chemotherapeutic resistance has been demonstrated recently, which provides a new
strategy to overcome multidrug resistance. The different mechanisms are related to the
phenomena of MDR itself and the roles of miRNAs in these multi-mechanisms by which
MDR is acquired. In turn, the aim of this review was to summarize recent publications of
microRNAs in regulating MDR in gastric cancer, thereby potentially developing as
targeted therapies. Further unraveling the roles of microRNAs in MDR mechanisms
including the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, autophagy induction,
cancer stem cell regulation, hypoxia induction, DNA damage and repair, epigenetic
regulation, and exosomes in gastric cancer will be helpful for us to win the battle against
it.
Synthesis of New Heteroaryl Substituted Morpholine Tagged Triazines and Evaluation of their Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Kasturi Sivaprasad , Surarapu Sujatha , Uppalanchi Srinivas , Anantaraju Hasitha Shilpa , Dwivedi Shubham , Yogeeswari Perumal , Ethiraj Krishna S. , Anireddy Jaya Shree
Published: March 2020

Background:

In the present study, new triazine derivatives 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 10 were
synthesized starting from readily available cyanuric chloride 1 via nucleophilic displacement with
morpholine followed by Suzuki or Stille coupling reactions and then the thermal displacement of
chlorine atom with diverse substituted amines.

Methods:

All synthesized compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activity against HT-29,
MDA-MB-231, and HEK293 cell lines.

Results and Conclusion:

Compounds 6a (IC50 (µM): 0.32 for HT-29 and 2.92 for MDA-MB-231)
and 8c (IC50 (µM): 1.40 for HT-29 and 1.60 for MDA-MB-231) have been identified and compared
with Doxorubicin and ZSTK474 as the reference standards.
The Effectiveness of Different Treatment Modalities for the Management of Ocular Injuries Following Sulfur Mustard Exposure
Authors: Panahi Yunes , Naderi Mostafa , Nekoozadeh Shahbaz , Rajaee Seyyed Mahdi , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: March 2020

Background:

Mustard gas or sulfur mustard (dichloro-3-thiapentane-1,5) is a chemical
compound consisting of chlorine and sulfur which was used as a chemical weapon in the First
World War and during the war between Iran and Iraq. Mustard gas is a lipophilic compound that is
highly poisonous and can quickly penetrate into body tissues. Eye is one of the body organs that is
quite vulnerable to this compound. The present study was conducted to review the effectiveness of
various treatments for ocular injuries caused by sulfur mustard.

Methods:

In this review, therapeutic effects of anti-inflammatory drugs such as dexamethasone,
diclofenac, betamethasone and their combination, as well as surgical interventions based on stem
cells and different methods of keratoplasty [e.g. penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), lamellar keratoplasty
(LKP), and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK)] were assessed.

Results:

As the results indicated, combinatorial therapeutic approaches are more successful compared
with single therapeutic measures. It has been reported that utilization of anti-inflammatory
drugs such as diclofenac, dexamethasone and betamethasone can control the initial symptoms. In
addition, keratolimbal allograft stem cell transplantation methods along with LKP and PKP keratoplasty
methods can lead to considerable therapeutic success.

Conclusion:

Considering the involvement of multiple abnormalities in the pathogenesis of sulfur
mustard-induced chronic ocular complications, combinatorial therapeutic approaches appear to be
more efficacious.
Прогнозирование величины захваченного заряда в захороненном оксиде кремния структур кремний-на-изоляторе с применением эффекта Пула-Френкеля
Authors: Ширяев А.А. , Воротынцев В.М. , Шоболов Е.Л.
Published: March 2020

The opportunity to predict trapped charge value in buried silicon oxide of silicon-on-insulator structures using Poole−Frenkel effect was investigated. Using measuring and modeling of current–voltage characteristics of buried silicon oxide at different temperatures conditions for Poole−Frenkel effect in this layer were determined. Processes taking place in buried oxide during measurement of current–voltage characteristics and annealing were considered. Conditions of thermal field treatment of buried oxide for radiation exposure imitation using injection were determined. Dependence of accumulated positive charge value in buried silicon oxide as a result of injection on Poole−Frenkel current value was estimated. The opportunity to use Poole−Frenkel effect for buried oxide defectiveness evaluation during manufacturing of microcircuits with enhanced dose radiation hardness is shown.
Влияние одноосной упругой деформации на вольт-амперную характеристику поверхностно-барьерных диодов Sb-p-Si-Au
Authors: Маматкаримов О.О. , Химматкулов О. , Турсунов И.Г.
Published: March 2020

Abstract The effect of uniaxial elastic deformation on the current–voltage characteristic of surface–barrier Sb– p -Si〈Mn〉–Au diodes is studied. It is shown that reverse-current sensitivity to uniaxial compression exceeds the forward-current sensitivity at identical applied voltages. An increase in the forward current of these structures during deformation is caused by internal gain associated with redistribution of the applied voltage between the base and barrier.
S-образные вольт-амперные характеристики мощных диодов Шоттки при больших плотностях тока
Authors: Тандоев А.Г. , Мнацаканов Т.Т. , Юрков С.Н.
Published: March 2020

Abstract The effect of a set of quasi-neutral regimes of carrier transport in semiconductors, including, along with diffusion and drift, recently discovered diffusion stimulated by quasi-neutral drift, on the characteristics of structures is successively taken into account. The order of change in the carrier transport regimes in Schottky-diode structures is investigated and the features in the I – V characteristics caused by this change are established. The results of analytical study of these features are confirmed using numerical simulation.
Модель управления конкуренцией замкнутых модовых структур в прямоугольных резонаторах большого размера на основе лазерных гетероструктур AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs
Authors: Подоскин А.А. , Романович Д.Н. , Шашкин И.С. , Гаврина П.С. , Соколова З.Н. , Слипченко С.О. , Пихтин Н.А.
Published: March 2020

Abstract A lumped model of the dynamics of the controlled switching of high- Q closed-mode structures in rectangular large cavities (up to 1 × 1 mm and larger) based on AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs laser heterostructures is presented. The model considers the modulation of the useful power of a closed-mode structure due to controlled generation switching to an alternative closed mode. Generation-switching control between closed mode structures is implemented due to a variation in the optical loss of one structure. A variation in the optical loss occurs due to an increase in interband optical absorption due to the quantum-confined Stark effect upon the application of voltage to a laser crystal segment in the closed-mode propagation region.
Влияние водорода на импеданс структур Pd/оксид/InP
Authors: Шутаев В.А. , Гребенщикова Е.А. , Сидоров В.Г. , Компан М.Е. , Яковлев Ю.П.
Published: March 2020

The impedance and capacitance properties of Pd/oxide/InP structures within the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 10 kHz in air and in gaseous hydrogen–nitrogen mixture at 300 K have been studied. The characteristics of investigated structures can be characterized by parallel RC circuit model with the connected serial resistance. In hydrogen medium the active resistance of the structures decreases by 3 orders of magnitude and the capacitance increases by 1–3 orders of magnitude depending on frequency that is due probably to the positive charged centers formed in the oxide layer. In hydrogen medium the hysteresis has been found on CV-characteristics of the structures that may be explained by ion polarization of formed centers. It is shown that measured in electron units the full charge of the centers practically coincides with the quantity of hydrogen atoms absorbed by palladium.
Wound Care Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices and Mobile Health Technology Use in the Home Environment: Cross-Sectional Survey of Social Network Users (Preprint)
Authors: Kuan Ya-Ting , Wang Tze-Fang , Guo Chao-Yu , Tang Fu-In , Hou I-Ching
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Injury causing wounds is a frequent event. Inadequate or inappropriate treatment of injuries can threaten individual health. However, little is known about wound care knowledge, attitudes, and practices and mobile health (mHealth) use in the home environment in Taiwan.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate wound care knowledge, attitudes, and practices and mHealth technology use among social network users.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey on social media platforms was conducted on adults aged 20 years and older. Data were collected from social network users in the home environment.

RESULTS

A total of 361 participants were enrolled. The mHealth technology use of participants was positively correlated with wound care knowledge (r=.132, P=.01), attitudes (r=.239, P<.001), and practices (r=.132, P=.01). Participants did not have adequate knowledge (correct rate 69.1%) and were unfamiliar with the guidelines of proper wound care (correct rate 74.5%). Most participants had positive attitudes toward wound care and mHealth technology use. A total of 95.6% (345/361) of participants perceived that the use of mHealth technology can improve wound care outcomes, and 93.9% (339/361) perceived that wound care products should be optimized to be used with a mobile device. However, 93.6% (338/361) of participants had no experience using mHealth technology for wound care.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study shows the potential of mHealth technology to enhance wound care knowledge among social network users. Thus, government agencies and medical institutions in Taiwan should provide easy-to-use information products that enhance wound care knowledge, promote adequate behavior toward wound care, and prevent unpredictable or undesirable outcomes.
Development and Usability Evaluation of a Facebook-Based Intervention Program for Childhood Cancer Patients: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Park Bu Kyung , Kim Ji Yoon , Rogers Valerie E
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Childhood cancers previously considered to be incurable now have 5-year survival rates up to 84%. Nevertheless, these patients remain at risk of morbidity and mortality from therapy-related complications. Thus, patient education and self-management strategies for promoting a healthy lifestyle are of tantamount importance for improving short- and long-term health outcomes. A Facebook-based “Healthy Teens for Soaam” (a Korean term for childhood cancers) program was developed to help improve knowledge and self-management practices of teens with cancer related to their disease and treatment.

OBJECTIVE

The two-fold purpose of this usability study was (1) to describe the process of developing an 8-week Facebook-based intervention program for teens with cancer, and (2) to evaluate its usability to refine the program.

METHODS

Multiple phases and methods were employed to develop and evaluate the usability of the program. Study phases included: (1) needs assessment through focus group interviews and qualitative content analysis, (2) development of module content, (3) expert review and feedback on module content, (4) Facebook-based program development, (5) usability evaluation by heuristic evaluation, (6) usability evaluation by targeted end-user testing, and (7) modification and final version of the program. Usability of the final version was confirmed through feedback loops of these phases.

RESULTS

Based on 6 focus group discussion sessions, it was determined that teens with cancer were interested in seeing stories of successful childhood cancer cases and self-management after discharge, and preferred multimedia content over text. Therefore, each Facebook module was redesigned to include multimedia materials such as relevant video clips tailored for teens. Usability assessed by heuristic evaluation and user testing revealed several critical usability issues, which were then revised. Potential end users tested the final program and perceived it to be usable and useful for teens with cancer.

CONCLUSIONS

To our knowledge, “Healthy Teens for Soaam” is the first Facebook-based intervention program for teens with cancer. We actively worked with current childhood cancer patients and survivors to develop and improve this program, achieved good usability, and met the expressed needs and preferences of target end users. This 8-week Facebook-based educational program for teens with cancer, developed as the first step of an upcoming intervention study, will be useful for improving knowledge and self-management strategies of teens.
Perbandingan EQ-5D-5L dan SF-6D Untuk Mengukur Index Utility Kesehatan Pada Populasi Umum di Yogyakarta
Authors: Andayani Tri Murti , Endarti Dwi , Kristina Susi Ari , Rahmawati Anindya
Published: March 2020

The EuroQuality of life-5 dimension 5 level (EQ-5D-5L) and Short Form-6 Dimension (SF-6D) are the most widely used generic instruments for assessing utility as an outcome parameter in pharmacoeconomic studies. Different instruments cause different utility values and influence the decision making. The purpose of this study was to compare the utility score index measured using EuroQuality of life-5 dimension 5 levels (EQ-5D-5L) and Short Form-6 Dimension (SF-6D) in general population. The study was conducted cross sectional design in general population in the Yogyakarta. EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D questionnaires were given to 470 respondents to measure the utility score index. Differences of utility index scores based on demographic characteristics were analyzed using Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis test, while correlations between EQ-5D and SF-6D domains with utility scores were analyzed using Pearson Correlation. Limits of agreement were described by Bland and Altman Plot. The results of the study showed the utility scores measured using EQ-5D-5L, EQ-VAS, and SF-6D were 0.944 (SD = 0.093), 0.829 (SD = 0.089) and 0.915 (SD = 0.081) respectively. EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS can distinguish utility values based on age. There is a strong correlation (> 0.700) between the domain of mobility and pain with the EQ-5D-5L utility index, and the domain of physical function and pain with the SF-6D utility index. Ceiling effect of EQ-5D-5L (59%) is greater than SF-6D (22.4%). The Bland and Altman plot shows the difference in utility scores of  EQ-5D-5L with SF-6D, SF-6D with EQ-VAS, and EQ-5D-5L with VAS, respectively at the limit of agreement 92.98%, 96 , 38%, and 95.74%. EQ-5D-5L can distinguish utility scores based on age, but showed higher ceiling effect. Both EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D showed a strong correlation between the domain of mobility (physical function) and pain with the utility score.
Percepción del clima social en el aula por estudiantes de enfermería de tres facultades españolas
Authors: Cárdaba-García R.M. , Ovejero-de Pablo M.S. , Soto-Cámara R.
Published: March 2020

Introducción: El clima social en el ámbito académico es la percepción que tienen los individuos de los distintos aspectos del ambiente en el que se desarrollan. Contar con un clima social positivo facilita el rendimiento del alumnado y su satisfacción personal. Objetivo: Analizar la relación del sexo, la edad o el centro universitario con la percepción del clima social en el aula en estudiantes del 2º curso del Grado en Enfermería de las Facultades de Burgos, Soria y Valladolid, España. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional, cuya población de estudio fueron todos los estudiantes matriculados en el 2º curso del Grado en Enfermería en las Facultades de Burgos, Soria y Valladolid durante el periodo académico 2017/2018; se estudia la posible relación entre el clima social en el aula y los factores sociodemográficos mediante análisis bivariado. Resultados: Aceptaron participar 172 estudiantes. Se observó que tener más edad se relacionaba con una mayor motivación para asistir a clase (p=0.009), con un sentimiento de orgullo ante la universidad (p=0.001), con una mayor colaboración entre compañeros (p=0. 038) o con un mayor conocimiento de las normas de la universidad (p=0.001). Conclusiones: El clima social en los centros analizados se sitúa en un nivel intermedio, es irrelevante el sexo y el centro universitario. El alumnado de mayor edad se presenta más motivado por el estudio, más colaborador y más identificado con el centro.
Conocimientos, prácticas y actitudes de enfermería para la atención de personas con tuberculosis
Authors: Rodríguez-Mora F. , Sánchez-Piña S.
Published: March 2020

Introducción: La tuberculosis es un padecimiento con una gran carga económica y social; representa una de las 10 causas principales de mortalidad a nivel mundial. Múltiples factores intervienen en la adherencia al tratamiento y cura de la enfermedad. La atención de enfermería estudiada desde 3 indicadores (conocimiento, práctica y actitud), que son determinantes cruciales para el cumplimiento de una atención de calidad y para la implementación de nuevas tecnologías de cuidados, es imprescindible.
Objetivo: Evaluar los conocimientos, prácticas y actitudes de enfermería relacionados con la atención de pacientes con tuberculosis.
Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, muestra no probabilística de 19 enfermeras(os) del primer nivel de atención. Se evaluaron los conocimientos básicos generales, los relacionados con el diagnóstico y con el tratamiento. Las prácticas comprendieron la identificación de recursos para el registro, las visitas, la elaboración de planes de cuidados de enfermería, además del uso de una herramienta digital que se brindó para facilitar la elaboración de dichos planes. En actitudes, se evaluaron tres componentes: cognitivo, conductual y afectivo.
Resultados: Se identificó una base débil de conocimientos en tuberculosis; la mayor parte mostró un nivel de conocimiento medio y bajo. Poco más de la mitad de los participantes se ubicó con una práctica regular y, de manera general, la actitud al brindar los cuidados fue buena.
Conclusiones: Se requiere fortalecer la atención de enfermería en tuberculosis desde los tres indicadores evaluados. Sin una base consolidada de conocimientos sobre la enfermedad es difícil alcanzar los objetivos de los programas y las políticas en salud pública; esto, a su vez, repercute de manera directa en la práctica y actitud de los profesionales.