bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Posterior cervical foraminotomy: anatomic study in cadavers
Authors: Arantes Júnior Luizio Augusto , Araújo Júnior Francisco Alves de , Malheiros José Augusto , Gusmão Sebastião Nataniel Silva , Nicolato Arthur Adolfo , Gouveia Gabriel
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to use different segments of the cervical spine in cadavers to determine how much lateral mass should be resected for adequate foraminal decompression. METHODS: Six cadavers were used. The region of the cervical spine from C1 to the C7-T1 transition was dissected and exposed. The lateral mass of each vertebra was measured bilaterally before the foraminotomy in the following segments: C2-C3, C3-C4, C4-C5, C5-C6 and C6-C7. The procedure was performed with a high-speed drill and through surgical microscopy. Three foraminotomies were performed (F1, F2, F3) in each level. Lateral masses were measured after foraminotomy procedures and compared to the initial measurement, creating a percentage of lateral mass needed for decompression.. The value of the entire surface was defined as 100%. RESULTS: There was a statistical difference between the amounts of the resected lateral mass through each foraminotomy (F1, F2, F3) at the same level. However, there was no statistical significant difference among the different levels. The average percentage of resection of the lateral masses in F2 were 27.7% at C2-C3, 24.8% at C3-C4, 24.4% at C4-C5 and 23.8% and 31.2% at C5-C6 and C6-C7, respectively. In F3, the level that needed greater resection of the lateral masses was C6-C7 level, where the average resection ranged between 41.2% and 47.9%. CONCLUSION: In all segments studied, the removal of approximately 24 to 32% of the facet joint allowed adequate exposure of the foraminal segment, with visualization of the dural sac and the exit of the cervical root.
Migrated pharyngeal fish bone causing spondylodiscitis. Case report
Authors: Arantes Júnior Aluizio Augusto , Malheiros Jose Augusto , Reis Marco Tulio Domingos Silva e , Moraes Gustavo Meyer de
Published: May 2014

Ingestion of foreign bodies is a common problem seen at emergency rooms and frequently involves chicken and fish bones. There are few cases of migrated foreign bodies through the retropharynx causing infectious process in the area but no one, despite the proximity, causing spondylodiscitis. Perhaps such condition is attributed to the integrity of the longus colli fascia covering and protecting the cervical spine. We described the first case of spondylodiscitis due to a foreign body (saw-toothed fish bone) that penetrated the longus colli fascia and carved into vertebral body C3.
Idiopathic scoliosis: evaluation of loss of correction in postoperative follow-up
Authors: Garcia Liliane Faria , Cruzeiro Rodrigo Perroni , Mendonça Sávio Loureiro Laborne de , Garcia Enguer Beraldo , Gonçalves Roberto Garcia , Souza Sebastião Vasconcelos de , Garcia Júnior Enguer Beraldo
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the postoperative loss of scoliosis correction using third-generation instrumental, comparing the immediately postoperative period, and the last visit of the patients operated on from 2002 to 2010. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted by analysis of medical records, in which 45 patients undergoing scoliosis correction were included. Variables were evaluated preoperatively, immediately postoperatively and in the last follow-up visit after surgery. Statistical analysis of data was performed in PASW program, with a significance level of 95%. RESULTS: Among the 45 patients studied, 88.9% were female and 82.8% were in the skeletally immature group. The mean pre-operative Cobb was 57°, the postoperative was 6.5° and at the last visit, it was 7.04°. There was no statistic difference between postoperative Cobb angle and that at the last examination (p = 0.176). CONCLUSION: There was no significant loss of scoliosis correction loss between the immediate postoperative and the final radiographic evaluation.
Site trials and specifications for lower temperature asphalts
Authors: Cliff Nicholls J. , Ghazireh Nizar , Day Dennis H.
Published: May 2014

Low temperature asphalts, often categorised into warm, half-warm and cold mix asphalts, are being promoted as a way of reducing the carbon dioxide footprint of pavement construction and maintenance. A trial with sections of low temperature asphalt surface and binder course was laid and monitored for initial properties. Based on the results and information from other trial and contracted constructions, a series of specifications have been drafted in order to encourage the greater use of such mixtures.
The development of a resource-efficient photovoltaic system
Authors: Arranz Pol , Anzizu Maria , Pineau Alexandre , Marwede Max , den Boer Emilia , den Boer Jan , Cocciantelli Jean-Michel , Williams Ian D. , Obersteiner Gudrun , Scherhaufer Silvia , Vallvé Xavier
Published: May 2014

This paper presents the measures taken in the demonstration of the photovoltaic case study developed within the European project ‘Towards zero waste in industrial networks’ (Zerowin), integrating the D4R (Design for recycling, repair, refurbishment and reuse) criteria at both system and industrial network level. The demonstration is divided into three phases. The first phase concerns the development of a D4R photovoltaic concept, the second phase focused on the development of a specific component of photovoltaic systems and the third phase was the demonstration of the D4R design in two complete photovoltaic systems (grid-connected and stand-alone). This paper includes a description of the installed photovoltaic systems, including a brief summary at component level of the lithium ion battery system and the D4R power conditioning system developed for the pilot installations. Additionally, industrial symbioses within the network associated with the photovoltaic systems and the production model for the network are described.
Effects of the Implant Design on Peri‐Implant Bone Stress and Abutment Micromovement: Three‐Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Original Computer‐Aided Design Models
Authors: Yamanishi Yasufumi , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Imazato Satoshi , Nakano Tamaki , Yatani Hirofumi
Published: May 2014

Background: Occlusal overloading causes peri‐implant bone resorption. Previous studies examined stress distribution in alveolar bone around commercial implants using three‐dimensional (3D) finite element analysis. However, the commercial implants contained some different designs. The purpose of this study is to reveal the effect of the target design on peri‐implant bone stress and abutment micromovement.

Methods: Six 3D implant models were created for different implant–abutment joints: 1) internal joint model (IM); 2) external joint model (EM); 3) straight abutment (SA) shape; 4) tapered abutment (TA) shapes; 5) platform switching (PS) in the IM; and 6) modified TA neck design (reverse conical neck [RN]). A static load of 100 N was applied to the basal ridge surface of the abutment at a 45‐degree oblique angle to the long axis of the implant. Both stress distribution in peri‐implant bone and abutment micromovement in the SA and TA models were analyzed.

Results: Compressive stress concentrated on labial cortical bone and tensile stress on the palatal side in the EM and on the labial side in the IM. There was no difference in maximum principal stress distribution for SA and TA models. Tensile stress concentration was not apparent on labial cortical bone in the PS model (versus IM). Maximum principal stress concentrated more on peri‐implant bone in the RN than in the TA model. The TA model exhibited less abutment micromovement than the SA model.

Conclusion: This study reveals the effects of the design of specific components on peri‐implant bone stress and abutment displacement after implant‐supported single restoration in the anterior maxilla.
Chronological Analysis With Fluorescent Timer Reveals Unique Features of Newly Generated β-Cells
Authors: Miyatsuka Takeshi , Matsuoka Taka-aki , Sasaki Shugo , Kubo Fumiyo , Shimomura Iichiro , Watada Hirotaka , German Michael S. , Hara Manami
Published: May 2014

Although numerous studies have uncovered the molecular mechanisms regulating pancreas development, it remains to be clarified how β-cells arise from progenitors and how recently specified β-cells are different from preexisting β-cells. To address these questions, we developed a mouse model in which the insulin 1 promoter drives DsRed-E5 Timer fluorescence that shifts its spectrum over time. In transgenic embryos, green fluorescent β-cells were readily detected by FACS and could be distinguished from mature β-cells only until postnatal day 0, suggesting that β-cell neogenesis occurs exclusively during embryogenesis. Transcriptome analysis with green fluorescent cells sorted by FACS demonstrated that newly differentiated β-cells highly expressed progenitor markers, such as Sox9, Neurog3, and Pax4, showing the progenitor-like features of newborn β-cells. Flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle dynamics showed that green fluorescent cells were mostly quiescent, and differentiated β-cells were mitotically active. Thus, the precise temporal resolution of this model enables us to dissect the unique features of newly specified insulin-producing cells, which could enhance our understanding of β-cell neogenesis for future cell therapy.
Maternal Protein Restriction Leads to Pancreatic Failure in Offspring: Role of Misexpressed MicroRNA-375
Authors: Dumortier Olivier , Hinault Charlotte , Gautier Nadine , Patouraux Stéphanie , Casamento Virginie , Van Obberghen Emmanuel
Published: May 2014

The intrauterine environment of the fetus is a preeminent actor in long-term health. Indeed, mounting evidence shows that maternal malnutrition increases the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in progeny. Although the consequences of a disturbed prenatal environment on the development of the pancreas are known, the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. In rats, restriction of protein during gestation alters the development of the endocrine pancreas and favors the occurrence of T2D later in life. Here we evaluate the potential role of perturbed microRNA (miRNA) expression in the decreased β-cell mass and insulin secretion characterizing progeny of pregnant dams fed a low-protein (LP) diet. miRNA profiling shows increased expression of several miRNAs, including miR-375, in the pancreas of fetuses of mothers fed an LP diet. The expression of miR-375 remains augmented in neoformed islets derived from fetuses and in islets from adult (3-month-old) progeny of mothers fed an LP diet. miR-375 regulates the proliferation and insulin secretion of dissociated islet cells, contributing to the reduced β-cell mass and function of progeny of mothers fed an LP diet. Remarkably, miR-375 normalization in LP-derived islet cells restores β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion. Our findings suggest the existence of a developmental memory in islets that registers intrauterine protein restriction. Hence, pancreatic failure after in utero malnutrition could result from transgenerational transmission of miRNA misexpression in β-cells.
Immunosuppressive Effect of Compound K on Islet Transplantation in an STZ-Induced Diabetic Mouse Model
Authors: Ma Peng-Fei , Jiang Jie , Gao Chang , Cheng Pan-Pan , Li Jia-Li , Huang Xin , Lin Ying-Ying , Li Qing , Peng Yuan-Zheng , Cai Mei-Chun , Shao Wei , Zhu Qi , Han Sai , Qin Qing , Xia Jun-Jie , Qi Zhong-Quan
Published: May 2014

Islet transplantation is a therapeutic option for type 1 diabetes, but its long-term success is limited by islet allograft survival. Many factors imperil islet survival, especially the adverse effects and toxicity due to clinical immunosuppressants. Compound (Cpd) K is a synthesized analog of highly unsaturated fatty acids from Isatis tinctoria L.(Cruciferae). Here we investigated the therapeutic effect of Cpd K in diabetic mice and found that it significantly prolonged islet allograft survival with minimal adverse effects after 10 days. Furthermore, it reduced the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in spleen and lymph nodes, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration in allografts, suppressed serum interleukin-2 and interferon-γ secretion, and increased transforming growth factor-β and Foxp3 mRNA expression. Surprisingly, Cpd K and rapamycin had a synergistic effect. Cpd K suppressed proliferation of naïve T cells by inducing T-cell anergy and promoting the generation of regulatory T cells. In addition, nuclear factor-κB signaling was also blocked. Taken together, these findings indicate that Cpd K may have a potential immunosuppressant effect on islet transplantation.
Reduction in CD4 Central Memory T-Cell Subset in Costimulation Modulator Abatacept-Treated Patients With Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Is Associated With Slower C-Peptide Decline
Authors: Orban Tihamer , Beam Craig A. , Xu Ping , Moore Keith , Jiang Qi , Deng Jun , Muller Sarah , Gottlieb Peter , Spain Lisa , Peakman Mark ,   the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Abatacept Study Group
Published: May 2014

We previously reported that continuous 24-month costimulation blockade by abatacept significantly slows the decline of β-cell function after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. In a mechanistic extension of that study, we evaluated peripheral blood immune cell subsets (CD4, CD8-naive, memory and activated subsets, myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, monocytes, B lymphocytes, CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells, and invariant NK T cells) by flow cytometry at baseline and 3, 6, 12, 24, and 30 months after treatment initiation to discover biomarkers of therapeutic effect. Using multivariable analysis and lagging of longitudinally measured variables, we made the novel observation in the placebo group that an increase in central memory (CM) CD4 T cells (CD4+CD45R0+CD62L+) during a preceding visit was significantly associated with C-peptide decline at the subsequent visit. These changes were significantly affected by abatacept treatment, which drove the peripheral contraction of CM CD4 T cells and the expansion of naive (CD45R0−CD62L+) CD4 T cells in association with a significantly slower rate of C-peptide decline. The findings show that the quantification of CM CD4 T cells can provide a surrogate immune marker for C-peptide decline after the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and that costimulation blockade may exert its beneficial therapeutic effect via modulation of this subset.
Palmitate Induces mRNA Translation and Increases ER Protein Load in Islet β-Cells via Activation of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway
Authors: Hatanaka Masayuki , Maier Bernhard , Sims Emily K. , Templin Andrew T. , Kulkarni Rohit N. , Evans-Molina Carmella , Mirmira Raghavendra G.
Published: May 2014

Saturated free fatty acids (FFAs) have complex effects on the islet β-cell, acutely promoting adaptive hyperplasia but chronically impairing insulin release. The acute effects of FFAs remain incompletely defined. To elucidate these early molecular events, we incubated mouse β-cells and islets with palmitate and then studied mRNA translation by polyribosomal profiling and analyzed signaling pathways by immunoblot analysis. We found that palmitate acutely increases polyribosome occupancy of total RNA, consistent with an increase in mRNA translation. This effect on translation was attributable to activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways via L-type Ca2+ channels but was independent of insulin signaling. Longer incubations led to depletion of polyribosome-associated RNA, consistent with activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Pharmacologic inhibition of mTOR suppressed both the acute effects of palmitate on mRNA translation and the chronic effects on the UPR. Islets from mice fed a high-fat diet for 7 days showed increases in polyribosome-associated RNA and phosphorylation of S6K, both consistent with activation of mTOR. Our results suggest that palmitate acutely activates mRNA translation and that this increase in protein load contributes to the later UPR.
Increased DNA Methyltransferase 3b (Dnmt3b)-Mediated CpG Island Methylation Stimulated by Oxidative Stress Inhibits Expression of a Gene Required for Neural Tube and Neural Crest Development in Diabetic Pregnancy
Authors: Wei Dan , Loeken Mary R.
Published: May 2014

Previous studies have shown that diabetic embryopathy results from impaired expression of genes that are required for formation of embryonic structures. We have focused on Pax3, a gene that is expressed in embryonic neuroepithelium and is required for neural tube closure. Pax3 expression is inhibited in embryos of diabetic mice due to hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress. DNA methylation silences developmentally expressed genes before differentiation. We hypothesized that hypomethylation of Pax3 upon neuroepithelial differentiation may be inhibited by hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress. We tested this using embryos of pregnant hyperglycemic mice and mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC). Methylation of a Pax3 CpG island decreased upon neurulation of embryos and formation of neuronal precursors from ESC. In ESC, this was inhibited by oxidative stress. Use of short hairpin RNA in ESC demonstrated that DNA methyltransferase 3b (Dnmt3b) was responsible for methylation and silencing of Pax3 before differentiation and by oxidative stress. Although expression of Dnmt3b was not affected by oxidative stress, DNA methyltransferase activity was increased. These results indicate that hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress stimulates Dnmt3b activity, thereby inhibiting chromatin modifications necessary for induction of Pax3 expression during neurulation and thus providing a molecular mechanism for defects caused by Pax3 insufficiency in diabetic pregnancy.
Botanical Investigation of Fallopia Dumetorum (L.) Holub (Polygonaceae) and Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of its Polyphenolic Compounds
Authors: Olaru Ot , Ancuceanu Rv , Anghel Adriana Iuliana , Dinu Mihaela , Seremet Oana Cristina , Istudor Viorica
Published: May 2014

Background: Considering the continuous need to find new sources of polyphenolic compounds, we performed a pharmacognostical examination of the species Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub sin. Polygonum dumetorum L. (Polygonaceae). The plant is common in the plain regions of Romania and has not been exploited therapeutically.

Materials and method: Microscopic examination was performed on cross-sections, surface preparations and on powder obtained from the aerial parts of the flowering plant. Qualitative chemical analysis was realized by phytochemical screening and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Phenolic compounds were assayed by spectrophotometric methods: flavonoids expressed as rutin (with aluminium chloride), phenolcarboxylic acids expressed as chlorogenic acid (Arnow’s method) and proanthocyanidins expressed as cyanidin chloride (in acidic medium, by conversion to anthocyanins).

Results: The species has the following microscopic characters: anomocytic stomata, druses of calcium oxalate, sessile, pluricellular glandular hairs and pollen grains with smooth exine. Polysaccharides, reducing compounds, coumarins, sterols/triterpenes, phenol-carboxylic acids, flavones, proanthocyanidins, tannins and carotenoids were identified by phytochemical screening; chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin and stigmasterol/beta-sitosterol were detected by TLC. F. dumetori herba has a content of 1.49 ± 0.105 g% polyphenol-carboxylic acids, 0.40 ± 0.087g% flavonoids and 0.18 ± 0.002 g% proanthocyanidins.

Conclusions: We have characterized pharmacognostically the native species F. dumentorum. Due to its content in phenolic compounds it might serve as a source of polyphenols.
Evaluation of Selection Indices for Drought Tolerance in Some Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Genotypes
Authors: Sabaghnia Naser , Janmohammadi Mohsen
Published: May 2014

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses in agriculture worldwide, which limits crop production. The chickpea cultivation areas of Iran are fourth in the world after India, Pakistan and Turkey while most areas (95 %) are planted in rainfed condition and are grown in rotation with cereals. This investigation was carried out to investigate the effect of drought stress seed yield characteristic in seven genotypes of chickpea. A field experiment with two humidity regimes (stressed and non-stressed) was performed in a randomized complete block design layout with three replicates. The analysis of variance for both potential yield (YP) and stress yield (YS) indicated significant differences among seven chickpea genotypes. Also, significant differences were observed among chickpea genotypes regarding twelve drought tolerance indices. Based on the YP, the genotypes FLIP 03-64C, FLIP 98-106C, Arman and Azad had the highest yield under non-stressed condition, while the genotypes FLIP 98-106C and Azad displayed the highest yield under stressed condition. Therefore, the genotypes FLIP 98-106C and Azad are good candidates for commercial recommendation to farmers in both rainfed and irrigated conditions. The relationships among drought tolerance indices are graphically displayed in a plot of two first principal components analysis. The first and second components justified 95.46 % of the variations between criteria (59.36 and 36.10 % for PC1 and PC2, respectively). The STI, K1STI, MP, GMP and PI indices exhibited strong correlation with YP, while YI showed strong correlation with YS; therefore, YS can discriminate drought tolerant genotypes with high grain yield under stress conditions.
Privacy preservation in fuzzy association rules using rough computing and DSR
Authors: Mary A. Geetha , Acharjya D. P. , Iyengar N. Ch. S. N.
Published: May 2014

In the present age of Internet, data is accumulated at a dramatic pace. The accumulated huge data has no relevance, unless it provides certain useful information pertaining to the interest of the organization. But the real challenge lies in hiding sensitive information in order to provide privacy. Therefore, attribute reduction becomes an important aspect for handling such huge database by eliminating superfluous or redundant data to enable a sensitive rule hiding in an efficient manner before it is disclosed to the public. In this paper we propose a privacy preserving model to hide sensitive fuzzy association rules. In our model we use two processes, named a pre-process and post-process to mine fuzzified association rules and to hide sensitive rules. Experimental results demonstrate the viability of the proposed research.
The impact of various cations on the sorption of manganese in the thallus of freshwater algae spirogyra sp. and sea algae palmaria palmata
Authors: Rajfur Małgorzata , Jóźwiak Małgorzata Anna , Kłos Andrzej
Published: May 2014

Due to their occurrence in very different conditions and high resistance to physical and chemical factors, algae are pioneers colonising new environments and their sorption properties are used in biomonitoring and water remediation. The efficiency of the process of heavy metal sorption in algae used for in situ tests depends on abiotic factors, such as the chemical composition of water. Freshwater algae Spirogyra sp. were used in tests. Algae were exposed in the laboratory in manganese chloride solutions with various contents of other cations, including heavy metals and macronutrients. It has been shown that some heavy metals may desorb manganese bound to the surface of algae as a result of ion exchange in the following sequence: Cd2+ < Mn2+ ≈ Zn2+ < Cu2+. It has been also found that the competitiveness of sorption of cations naturally present in the alga environment versus Mn2+ cations changes in the sequence Na+ < Ca2+ < H+, defined for the concentrations referring to the cation unit charge. The results of tests were compared to the results of dried sea algae Palmaria palmata analyses.
Historiography of Zainichi Koreans: review of topics and trends
Authors: Kumpis Arvydas
Published: May 2014

Zainichi Koreans have been attracting and recently attract more and more attention from the scientists and journalists. This tendency is welcoming, because Zainichi Koreans, as a socio-political phenomenon, have to be investigated and presented not only to the fellow researchers, but to the mass audience as well. Nevertheless, the constantly growing amount of literature still has not been analyzed in historiographical manner. The lack of such works makes it quite difficult for other researchers to start working on Zainichi Koreans’ issues. Social scientists usually do not conduct their own separate historiographical research; therefore, the understanding of a particular issue is a matter of one’s own efforts. Researches on Zainichi Koreans have been conducted since the early sixties and ever since then there have been changes in mainstream theories, approaches or methodologies. In order not to repeat the mistakes of other researchers, or conduct what has already been done, it is crucial for the scientists to be aware of the previous progress. In this paper I provide the review of the present historiography on Zainichi Koreans, including publications since 1962 till 2009. It is important to mention, that this review does not contain all possible positions of Zainichi historiography - only a certain part of them was taken to present the tendencies throughout the aforementioned period of time.
Language in Zhuangzi: How to Say Without Saying?
Authors: Vrubliauskaitė Aušra
Published: May 2014

The paper is concerned with the status of language and its usage in Zhuangzi and how this particular way of viewing and using language can affect our “perception” of Dao. Zhuangzi’s language skepticism is first introduced and possible reasons for Zhuangzi’s mistrust in language are explored. The question is then raised as to why Zhuangzi himself used language to talk about Dao if he mistrusted it. At this point Zhuangzi’s usage of language is discussed in two aspects: the negative aspect and the positive aspect, the latter being the main concern of this paper. The negative aspect is exposed as the denouncing factor of employing (fuzzy) language to undermine (propositional) language while using different techniques (paradox, uncertainty/doubt, mockery, reversal). The positive aspect is explored as twofold: first, putting language and reason to their “proper” limits entails an acquisition of a broader perspective and a more receptive, open state of mind which prepares one for the wordless “perception” of Dao. Second, fuzzy language is presented as capable of “accommodating” silence and emptiness. Doing so it unites silence and speech giving an incredible insight of what Dao is about. An approach taking from both the principles of scholarly analysis and an unrestricted personal experience of the text is employed.
The Prospects of Whole Brain Emulation within the next Half- Century
Authors: Eth Daniel , Foust Juan-Carlos , Whale Brandon
Published: May 2014

Whole Brain Emulation (WBE), the theoretical technology of modeling a human brain in its entirety on a computer-thoughts, feelings, memories, and skills intact-is a staple of science fiction. Recently, proponents of WBE have suggested that it will be realized in the next few decades. In this paper, we investigate the plausibility of WBE being developed in the next 50 years (by 2063). We identify four essential requisite technologies: scanning the brain, translating the scan into a model, running the model on a computer, and simulating an environment and body. Additionally, we consider the cultural and social effects of WBE. We find the two most uncertain factors for WBE’s future to be the development of advanced miniscule probes that can amass neural data in vivo and the degree to which the culture surrounding WBE becomes cooperative or competitive. We identify four plausible scenarios from these uncertainties and suggest the most likely scenario to be one in which WBE is realized, and the technology is used for moderately cooperative ends
Cultural determinants in Chile – the land of great ambitions
Authors: Bochniak-Piasecka Dorota
Published: May 2014

Chile is commonly described as “the best student” in the Latin America class. In 1985 Harrsion with his publication Underdevelopment is a state of mind [Lawrence, 1985] started research on the significance of cultural determinants in economic development. Having based his research on two examples, he proved his thesis that culture is a determining obstacle in the development of Latin American states. Causing many discussions, he initiated a wide range of socio-economic research, the aim of which was to present to what degree and what kind of cultural factors shape political and economic development, and which ones lead to social stagnation. Further research by Harisson and Huntington which was published in their work Culture matters [Lawrence, 2000] presented a wide spectrum of interconnections of culture with civilization development, institutions and geographic conditions. The scientific discourse includes the phenomenon of cultural changes promotion as an element of the pro-development policy as well as anthropological considerations on the influence of “cultural imperialism” of Europe and the States in the globalization era on the preservation of societies’ cultural identity. Many publications in the area of research on cultural conditions in management and negotiations appeared in the 1990s. This scientific discourse has gathered its own momentum as the amount of research brings about the increase of connections of interdisciplinary cultural determinants.
Survival of patients treated with radiation therapy for anaplastic astrocytoma
Authors: Barker Christopher A. , Beal Maria Chang, Kathryn , Chan Timothy A.
Published: May 2014

Background. Anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) represents 7% of primary brain tumors in adults. Patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related factors are thought to be predictive of survival. We retrospectively assessed the association of patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related factors with survival in AA treated with radiotherapy (RT) at our institution.

Patients and methods. Medical records of patients with AA treated with RT between 1987 and 2007 were reviewed. Patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related variables were recorded and used to assign patients to a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group recursive partitioning analysis (RTOG RPA) classification. First use of chemotherapy was recorded. Log-rank tests and Cox regression models were used to assess for an association of patient-, tumor- and treatment-related factors with survival.

Results. One-hundred twenty-six patients were eligible for study. Median age, Karnofsky performance status, and duration of symptoms were 43 years, 90, and 8 weeks. Median radiation dose was 59.4 Gy; 61% of patients underwent tumor resection, and 17% and 41% of patients received temozolomide during and after RT. Median survival was 31 months, and 2-year survival was 58%. RTOG RPA class was associated with survival (p < 0.001), but use of temozolomide during or after RT was not (p > 0.05).

Conclusions. In this retrospective study with inherent limitations, RTOG RPA classification was associated with survival. Further studies are necessary to confirm or refute this finding
Strategic Manoeuvring and the Selection of Starting Points in the Pragma-Dialectical Framework
Authors: Forgács Gábor
Published: May 2014

The article analyzes strategic manoeuvring within the pragmadialectical framework with respect to the selection of starting points in the opening stage to frame the arguments. The Terri Schiavo case is presented, which can provide interesting insights concerning this issue. I would like to show that resolution of the difference of opinion requires the resolution of a subordinate difference of opinion concerning how to label her medical state, and why discussants were not able to resolve this subordinate difference of opinion. After, the conflict that arises between critical reasonableness and rhetorical effectiveness is examined and how strategic manoeuvring aims to resolve this conflict. In the final part of the paper I argue that the problems raised can be dealt with within the framework of pragma-dialectics.
The Differences in Efficiency Measurment: the Case of European Railways
Authors: Jaržemskis Andrius , Jaržemskis Vytautas
Published: May 2014

In the world railways are organized in two ways. In one case, infrastructure management and organization of traffic and commercial activities are integrated at the level of one of the enterprise whereas in the other case the functions of the carrier and the manager of the infrastructure are separated. This article addresses approaches of different scientists and politicians on both forms. The analysis of the case of Lithuania has been carried out. The case of Lithuania is a typical one - historically the railways have had a monopoly with the infrastructure and transportation not separated. This article presents a critical view of theoretical pros and cons of both the models.
Cystic and florid squamous metaplasia in pleomorphic adenoma of palate – A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Kaveri H , Gopalkrishnana K , Venkatesh Anehosur
Published: May 2014

Pleomorphic adenoma is a benign tumor of salivary gland. Controversy regarding the origin of various mesenchymal components exists and myoepithelial cell has a key role. Metaplastic process is triggered by minor trauma and probable etiology for this change is ischemia. It is diagnostically challenging, because diagnostic pit falls in the presence of mucinous and squamous metaplasia. Report a case of pleomorphic adenoma in the palate of a 35 years old Indian female. Biopsy revealed epithelial component with extensive squamous metaplasia and cystic degeneration. Here we discuss the role of myoepithelial cells in the pathogenesis of pleomorphic adenoma and diagnostic pit falls. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.10434 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 108-110
Morphology of the vertebral artery in Asian population
Authors: Alfaouri-Kornieieva Maryna , Al-Hadidi Azmy M
Published: May 2014

Background: Recent clinical trials have shown a rising trend of stroke in Asian population. Approximately 20% strokes of total occur at the vertebrobasilar basin that supplies the occipital lobes of the brain, the cerebellum, and the brainstem. The anatomical features and variability of the third segment of the vertebral artery (VA) in Asians are analyzed in this study. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 68 consecutive Asian patients underwent MRA examination for head and neck in the Department of Radiology of Hospital of University of Jordan from 1.10.2011 to 30.04.2012. The 116 VA were analyzed on the obtained angiograms. Results: The third segment (V3) of the VA was studied according to its conventional division into vertical, horizontal, and oblique parts. The mean outer diameter of the V3 varied up 3.18 ± 0.73 to 4.28 ± 1.08 mm. The parameter prevailed on the left in 91% cases and was greater in males, than in females. The distal loop of the VA projected downward in 26 cases on the right (78%) and in 28 cases on the left (74%). The tortuosity of loop?formations of V3 was evaluated subject to angles between their ascending and descending bends. Conclusion: In comparison with other ethnic groups, the V3 of the VA in Asians has lesser outer diameter, especially along its oblique part; the zero?distance between the occipital bone and horizontal segment of VA occurs more often (up to 26%); the Lang’s III type of V3 variability is the most common in Asians. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.6150 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 84-88
Patterns of talar articulating facets in adult human calcanei from North-East India and their clinical correlation
Authors: Anjaneyulu Knouri , Philips Chandra , Tamang Binod K , Kumar Arun
Published: May 2014

Calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone of the foot and forms the posterior prominence of the heel. The calcaneus articulates with the talus superiorly at the subtalar joint. The subtalar joint is responsible for the inversion and eversion. There are three facets over upper side of talocalcaneal joint: anterior talar facet, middle and posterior. There are considerable variations in the number and arrangement of these facets. A total of 100 dry adult human calcanei were obtained irrespective of age and sex and evaluated for the pattern of talar articulating facets and measurements were made with digital vernier calliper of 0.01 mm accuracy at anatomy laboratory of Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim. The study revealed that type-A was 31%, type-B was 5%, type-C was 62% and type-D was 2%. In our study type-C was followed by type-A. These morphological variations on the superior surface of the sustentaculum tali may predispose people to joint instability, ligamentous laxity and the development of arthritic changes in the subtalar joint. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9486 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 89-93
A rare case of sclerosing stromal tumor of ovary with Meigs syndrome presenting with torsion
Authors: Junnare Ketaki K , Tajne Pramod , Naphade Pushpalata R
Published: May 2014

A young primi para presented with a large solid ovarian mass with ascites and hydrothorax. She had raised CA 125 levels. She developed torsion of the mass after admission. At laparotomy the tumor was subjected to frozen section. The tumor was benign sclerosing stromal tumor of ovary. Uterus and normal ovary could be conserved. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9518 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 116-118
Multidetector computed tomographic evaluation of maxillofacial trauma
Authors: Ahmad Kaleem , Rauniyar RK , Gupta Mukesh Kumar , Ansari Sajid , Pant Ashok Raj , Kumar Abhishek , Rashid Basmah Abdur
Published: May 2014

Introduction: Maxillofacial injuries are one of the most frequently encountered entities accounting for a large proportion of patients in emergency department. Present study was performed to assess the role of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in patients of maxillofacial trauma and to describe the spectrum of various patterns of injuries in maxillofacial region in this part of Nepal. Methods: The study was carried out on a prospective basis over a period of one year. All the patients referred for evaluation of maxillofacial trauma were included in the study. MDCT was done in patients of maxillofacial injury and the data was recorded and analyzed. Volumetric MDCT scan of the maxillofacial region was performed in axial plane with multiplanar reconstruction in coronal and sagittal planes were obtained wherever required. Results: Out of 60 patients of maxillofacial trauma 42 (70%) were males and 18 (30%) were females and age ranges from 12 to 70 years. The 11?30 years age group has the highest percentage (55%) of maxillofacial trauma, followed by 31?40 (20%). The common cause of injuries in our study was road traffic accidents (58.33%), fall from height (20%), physical assault (16.66%) and sport injuries (5%). Out of 60 patients there was total of 115 fractures. The frequency and types of fracture was as follows: orbital floor fracture in 21 (35%), maxillary sinus wall fracture in 18 (30%), nasal bone fracture in 17 (28.33%), jaw fracture in 15 (25%), zygomatic bone fracture in 13 (21.66%), orbital wall fracture in 11 (18.33%), naso?ethmoidal fractures in 9 (15%), frontal sinus fracture in 7 (11.66%), Lefort fracture in 1 (1.66%) and others 3 (5%). The highest percentage of fracture was of orbital floor (35%) followed by fracture of wall of maxillary sinus (30%) and nasal bone fracture (28.33%). Three cases had simultaneous injury of the globe and cervical spine; they underwent computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of spine. Conclusion: Injuries to maxillofacial region is one of the most common emergency requiring accurate and early diagnosis for preventing unnecessary investigations and proper management. MDCT has high sensitivity and specificity and has high accuracy for detection of fracture. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9561 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 39-43
Comparison of morphine and fentanyl in attenuation of Intra operative stress response under general anesthesia: A randomized double blinded study
Authors: Prabu R Krishna , Rani P , Madhu NP
Published: May 2014

Background: This randomized double blinded study was done to compare the effect of intravenous morphine and fentanyl in attenuation of stress response during surgeries under general anesthesia in adults. The attenuation of stress response was analyzed with changes in serum cortisol and glucose levels one hour after induction of anesthesia. Methods: Fifty consented healthy volunteers in age group 20-50, under ASA I and ASA II posted for elective surgery were included in the study. Two groups of 25 each, group M who received 0.2 mg/kg body weight of morphine and group F who received 2 microgram/kg body weight of fentanyl before anaesthetic induction were compared. The members of two groups were randomly allocated and double blinded using sealed envelope technique. Blood samples were collected for baseline glucose and cortisol in all the subjects. One hour after the administration of study drugs, which was given at the time of induction blood samples were collected for analysis of glucose and cortisol. The changes in blood glucose and serum cortisol levels were compared at the end of the study using independent samples ‘t’ test. Results: There was no significant difference in blood sugar levels in both groups at the end of 1 hour. But there was significant increase in serum cortisol levels in group F compared to group M. Conclusion: This study concludes that morphine is better than fentanyl in attenuation of Intraoperative stress by effectively controlling serum cortisol levels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9796 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 65-68
Systemic inflammation and alteration in vitamin D levels in pregnancy induced hypertension
Authors: Sharma Dilutpal , Saxena Rahul , Saxena Raj , Sharma Mousumi , Lal Alok Milton
Published: May 2014

Background: The increasing incidence of Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) or Pre-eclampsia in developed and developing countries are alarming. Systemic inflammation and disturbances in vitamin D and minerals (Sodium & Calcium) metabolism are almost invariable consequences of PIH; and variation in their levels can adversely affect the pregnancy leading to the development of PIH. Aim: In this context, a study was carried out to assess the level of serum vitamin D, sodium, calcium and inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) in non-pregnant (NP), normotensive pregnant (NTP) and PIH women and to determine their role in the etio-pathogenesis of PIH. Material and method: Serum vitamin D, sodium, calcium and CRP levels were estimated in 20 NTP women (Group I) and 20 PIH women (Group II) by using standard methods and statistically compared it with that of age matched 20 healthy non pregnant women (Control group) by using student’s t-test. Result: Serum Ca++ level were found to be significantly low in both Group I (p<0.05) and Group II (p<0.01) as compared to healthy controls. However, plasma vitamin D levels were decreased insignificantly in Group I (p < 0.1) and significantly (p < 0.05) in Group II patients. Similarly, serum sodium and CRP levels were increased significantly only in Group II patients. Conclusion: Thus, regular assessment of serum CRP, vitamin D, sodium and calcium levels and recommendation of diet low in sodium, rich in calcium and appropriate vitamin D should be increased during pregnancy to prevent PIH and its related complications. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9809 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 11-15
Ascending aortic diameter influence on the left ventricle function in hypertensives: A study using GE–P 100 doppler echocardiograph
Authors: Narayana Vijaykumar , Murthy HL Niranjan , Sharma Rajeev
Published: May 2014

Background: When the heart faces a hemodynamic burden, increasing mass assumes a key role in the compensation for hemodynamic overload. A strong confounding factor in this relation is the altered ascending aortic haemodynamics in hypertensives due to altered ascending aortic diameter at annulus. Objectives: Ascending aortic diameter has an effect on the after load which may affect the left ventricular function. We studied to investigate the influence of the ascending aortic diameter on the left ventricular function in hypertensives. Improving the haemodynamics in such conditions may reduce mortality rates and result in better quality of life. Material and methods: We conducted a case control study involving hypertensive patients (n=25) and normotensive subjects (n=25) of same age group acting as controls. Ascending aortic diameter was measured at annulus and using M mode echocardiography we measured the thickness of the interventricular septum & posterior wall. Diameter of the ventricle during systole and diastole were obtained. All measurements were taken according to the American Society of Echocardiography recommendation. Results: The measured parameter ejection time(r=0.545, n=25, p= 0.005) and left ventricular internal diameter during diastole (r=0.348, n=25, p= 0.02) showed a very high significant positive correlation with the ascending aortic diameter. Conclusion: We would conclude to say that the reduced ascending aortic diameter has a significant effect on left ventricular wall and left ventricle function in hypertensives. The Doppler evaluation of ascending aortic diameter in hypertensives may help in achieving a reduction in morbidity and mortality due to hypertension induced cardiovascular disorders. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9862 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 6-10
Postdural puncture headache: Is epidural saline patch effective – A case report
Authors: Prakash Ravi , Gautam Shefali , Jafa Shobhna , Archana D
Published: May 2014

Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is a major complication of lumber puncture or accidental dural puncture especially in patients with raised intrabdominal pressure like pregnancy, abdominal tumors etc. Many interventions have been tried to prevent and treat PDPH. None of them is 100% effective and variable success rates have been reported. We present a case of successful use of epidural saline patch to treat PDPH caused by accidental dural puncture in a 45 yrs female with large ovarian tumor. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9865 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 100-102
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: A case report
Authors: Vasala Sreedhar , Rao V Dharma , Reddy M Rajaneesh , Reddy P Ramyatha , Murali K
Published: May 2014

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a genetic disorder with unknown cause. Disease is characterized by heterotopic ossifications of connective tissue and congenital malformations of distal part of extremities. Most cases are sporadic and transmitted as autosomal dominant. As very few cases of FOP are being reported in Indian literature, we, therefore, report one such case here. Our case is a 20 years-old female patient who had bilateral short great toes with hallux valgus associated with heterotopic ossifications of connective tissue with restrictions of range of motion and disability of daily living activities. We have diagnosed it as FOP based on our physical examination and skeletal x-rays findings. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9915 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 113-115
Perinatal bilateral testicular torsion: A rare emergency with review of literature
Authors: Gupta Amit , Kumar Akhil , Chandha Bhavesh , Saroha Megha
Published: May 2014

Perinatal bilateral testicular torsion is an extremely rare surgical emergency and is subject of debate among surgeons. Urgent surgical exploration and fixation of the other testis are the key points in the management. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9931 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 103-105