bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Para-conduit diaphragmatic hernia following esophagectomy—the new price of minimally invasive surgery?
Authors: De Silva Inoka , Wee Melissa , Cabalag Carlos S , Fong Rebecca , Tran Kevin , Wu Michael , Schloithe Ann , Bright Tim , Duong Cuong Phu , Watson David I
Published: March 2023

Esophageal Cancer is the seventh commonest cancer worldwide with poor overall survival. Significant morbidity related to open esophagectomy has driven practice toward hybrid, totally minimally invasive and robotic procedures. With the increase in minimally invasive approaches, it has been suggested that there might be an increased incidence of subsequent para-conduit diaphragmatic hernia. To assess the incidence, modifiable risk factors and association with operative approach of this emerging complication, we evaluated outcomes following esophagectomy from two Australian Centers. Prospectively collected databases were examined to identify patients who developed versus did not develop a para-conduit hernia. Patient characteristics, disease factors, treatment factors, operative and post-operative factors were compared for these two groups. A total of 24 of 297 patients who underwent esophagectomy were diagnosed with a symptomatic para-conduit diaphragmatic hernia (8.1%). The significant risk factor for hernia was a minimally invasive abdominal approach (70.8% vs. 35.5%; P = 0.004, odds ratio = 12.876, 95% CI 2.214–74.89). Minimally invasive thoracic approaches were not associated with increased risk. Minimally invasive abdominal approaches to esophagectomy doubled the risk of developing a para-conduit diaphragmatic hernia. Effective operative solutions to address this complication are required.
A molecular cell biology toolkit for the study of meiosis in the silkworm Bombyx mori
Authors: Xiang Youbin , Tsuchiya Dai , Guo Fengli , Gardner Jennifer , McCroskey Scott , Price Andrew , Tromer Eelco C , Walters James R , Lake Cathleen M , Hawley R Scott
Published: March 2023

Meiosis is usually described as 4 essential and sequential processes: (1) homolog pairing; (2) synapsis, mediated by the synaptonemal complex; (3) crossing over; and (4) segregation. In this canonical model, the maturation of crossovers into chiasmata plays a vital role in holding homologs together and ensuring their segregation at the first meiotic division. However, Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) undergo 3 distinct meiotic processes, only one of which is canonical. Lepidoptera males utilize 2 meiotic processes: canonical meiosis that produces nucleated fertile sperm, and a noncanonical meiosis that produces anucleated nonfertile sperm which are nonetheless essential for reproduction. Lepidoptera females, which carry heteromorphic sex chromosomes, undergo a completely achiasmate (lacking crossovers) meiosis, thereby requiring an alternative mechanism to ensure proper homolog segregation. Here, we report that the development of a molecular cell biology toolkit designed to properly analyze features of meiosis, including the synaptonemal complex structure and function, in the silkworm Bombyx mori. In addition to standard homology searches to identify Bombyx orthologs of known synaptonemal complex encoding genes, we developed an ortholog discovery app (Shinyapp) to identify Bombyx orthologs of proteins involved in several meiotic processes. We used this information to clone genes expressed in the testes and then created antibodies against their protein products. We used the antibodies to confirm the localization of these proteins in normal male spermatocytes, as well as using in vitro assays to confirm orthologous interactions. The development of this toolkit will facilitate further study of the unique meiotic processes that characterize meiosis in Lepidoptera.
PsRGL1 negatively regulates chilling- and gibberellin-induced dormancy release by PsF-box1-mediated targeting for proteolytic degradation in tree peony
Authors: Gao Linqiang , Niu Demei , Chi Tianyu , Yuan Yanchao , Liu Chunying , Gai Shupeng , Zhang Yuxi
Published: March 2023

Tree peony bud endodormancy is a common survival strategy similar to many perennial woody plants in winter, and the activation of the GA signaling pathway is the key to breaking endodormancy. GA signal transduction is involved in many physiological processes. Although the GA-GID1-DELLA regulatory module is conserved in many plants, it has a set of specific components that add complexity to the GA response mechanism. DELLA proteins are key switches in GA signaling. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify the key DELLA proteins involved in tree peony bud dormancy release. In this study, the prolonged chilling increased the content of endogenously active gibberellins. PsRGL1 among three DELLA proteins was significantly downregulated during chilling- and exogenous GA3-induced bud dormancy release by cell-free degradation assay, and a high level of polyubiquitination was detected. Silencing PsRGL1 accelerated bud dormancy release by increasing the expression of the genes associated with dormancy release, including PsCYCD, PsEBB1, PsEBB3, PsBG6, and PsBG9. Three F-box protein family members responded to chilling and GA3 treatments, resulting in PsF-box1 induction. Yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays indicated that only PsF-box1 could bind to PsRGL1, and the binding site was in the C-terminal domain. PsF-box1 overexpression promoted dormancy release and upregulated the expression of the dormancy-related genes. In addition, yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays showed that PsF-box1 also interacted with PsSKP1 to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase. These findings enriched the molecular mechanism of the GA signaling pathway during dormancy release, and enhanced the understanding of tree peony bud endodormancy.
A novel edge-marking method in pleural covering with video-assisted thoracic surgery
Authors: Fujiwara-Kuroda Aki , Hida Yasuhiro , Ujiie Hideki , Kaga Kichizo , Kato Tatsuya
Published: March 2023

Total pleural covering is implemented to reinforce the visceral pleura with surgical sheets. It has been adopted for diffuse cystic lung diseases such as lymphangioleiomyomatosis to prevent pneumothorax and has achieved good results. The procedure is technically demanding, because it is difficult to cover the entire visceral pleura without disarrangement and jamming of surgical sheets, especially during thoracoscopic surgery, where grasping of a wrong site might happen when unfolding the sheets. Herein, we report a technique to cover the entire pleura with dotted line folded sheets to ease the thoracoscopic procedure. We found that the use of this marking method made the procedure easier, with just a little ingenuity, because marking the edges of sheets with dashed lines clarifies the site that should be grasped, thus preventing the incidence of grasping the wrong part of the sheet. Pleural covering with dotted line folded surgical sheets is a useful method for reduced port thoracoscopic surgery.
Helicobacter pylori multiplex serology and risk of non-cardia and cardia gastric cancer: a case-cohort study and meta-analysis
Authors: Yao Pang , Kartsonaki Christiana , Butt Julia , Jeske Rima , de Martel Catherine , Plummer Martyn , Guo Yu , Clark Sarah , Walters Robin G , Chen Yiping , Avery Daniel , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Wang Hao , Hill Michael , Peto Richard , Li Liming , Waterboer Tim , Chen Zhengming , Millwood Iona Y , Yang Ling
Published: March 2023

Background

Helicobacter pylori infection is a major cause of non-cardia gastric cancer (NCGC), but uncertainty remains about the associations between sero-positivity to different H. pylori antigens and risk of NCGC and cardia gastric cancer (CGC) in different populations.

Methods

A case-cohort study in China included ∼500 each of incident NCGC and CGC cases and ∼2000 subcohort participants. Sero-positivity to 12 H. pylori antigens was measured in baseline plasma samples using a multiplex assay. Hazard ratios (HRs) of NCGC and CGC for each marker were estimated using Cox regression. These were further meta-analysed with studies using same assay.

Results

In the subcohort, sero-positivity for 12 H. pylori antigens varied from 11.4% (HpaA) to 70.8% (CagA). Overall, 10 antigens showed significant associations with risk of NCGC (adjusted HRs: 1.33 to 4.15), and four antigens with CGC (HRs: 1.50 to 2.34). After simultaneous adjustment for other antigens, positive associations remained significant for NCGC (CagA, HP1564, HP0305) and CGC (CagA, HP1564, HyuA). Compared with CagA sero-positive only individuals, those who were positive for all three antigens had an adjusted HR of 5.59 (95% CI 4.68–6.66) for NCGC and 2.17 (95% CI 1.54–3.05) for CGC. In the meta-analysis of NCGC, the pooled relative risk for CagA was 2.96 (95% CI 2.58–3.41) [Europeans: 5.32 (95% CI 4.05–6.99); Asians: 2.41 (95% CI 2.05–2.83); Pheterogeneity<0.0001]. Similar pronounced population differences were also evident for GroEL, HP1564, HcpC and HP0305. In meta-analyses of CGC, two antigens (CagA, HP1564) were significantly associated with a higher risk in Asians but not Europeans.

Conclusions

Sero-positivity to several H. pylori antigens was significantly associated with an increased risk of NCGC and CGC, with varying effects between Asian and European populations.
Extensive Evaluation of a Method for Quantitative Measurement of Aflatoxins B1 and M1 in Animal Urine Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Du Xiangwei , Schrunk Dwayne E , Imerman Paula M , Tahara John , Tkachenko Andriy , Guag Jake , Reimschuessel Renate , Rumbeiha Wilson K
Published: March 2023

Background

Aflatoxins (AFs) are common feed contaminants and are one of the common causes of toxin-related pet food poisoning and recalls.

Objective

Currently, there are no validated methods for the detection and quantitation of AFs in biological matrices to diagnose AF exposure in live animals. Following a successful intra-laboratory method development to quantify AFB1 and AFM1 in animal urine by HPLC with fluorescence detection (HPLC–FLD), the present study was conducted to extensively evaluate the method performance in an unbiased manner using blinded samples.

Methods

The evaluation included two stages. First, the performance was verified in the method-originating laboratory in a single-laboratory blinded method test (BMT-S) trial followed by a multi-laboratory blinded method test (BMT-M) trial.

Results

In both trials, accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility were satisfactory confirming the relatively good ruggedness and robustness of the method and ensuring that it will perform as expected if used by other laboratories in the future.

Conclusions

We extensively evaluated the performance of a quantitative method to detect AFB1 and AFM1 in animal urine by HPLC-FLD by two different laboratories in two separate BMT-S and BMT-M trials. Both BMT results demonstrated the satisfactory accuracy and precision of the method. It is now available to be adopted by other diagnostic laboratories for purposes of diagnosing AF intoxication in animals.

Highlights

A simple urine-based diagnostic test method using HPLC–FLD that originated in a single laboratory now has passed a multi-laboratory evaluation and is now available to be shared with other diagnostic laboratories for purposes of diagnosing AF intoxication in animals so better treatment can be rendered.
Effectiveness of proton beam therapy for liver oligometastatic recurrence in patients with postoperative esophagus cancer
Authors: Yamaguchi Hisashi , Kato Takahiro , Honda Michitaka , Hamada Koichi , Seto Ichiro , Tominaga Takuya , Takagawa Yoshiaki , Takayama Kanako , Suzuki Motohisa , Kikuchi Yasuhiro , Teranishi Yasushi , Murakami Masao
Published: March 2023

There are several reports of hepatic resection for postoperative hepatic metastatic recurrence of esophageal cancer. However, it is unclear whether surgery is the best local treatment for liver metastases. Thus, this study aimed to retrospectively analyze proton beam therapy (PBT) for postoperative liver metastatic recurrence of esophageal cancer without extrahepatic lesions and examine outcomes and adverse events. This single-center historical cohort study selected patients who underwent PBT at our proton therapy center between 2012 and 2018. The patients were selected based on the following criteria: primary esophagus carcinoma was resection and metachronous liver oligometastasis recurrence without extrahepatic tumors and no more than three liver metastases. This study included seven males with a median age of 66 (range, 58–78) years, and 15 lesions were included in the study. The median tumor size was 22.6 (7–55.3) mm. The most frequent dose was 72.6 Gy relative biological effect (RBE)/22 fractions (fr) for four lesions and 64 Gy (RBE)/8 fr for four lesions. The median survival time was 35.5 (13.2–119.4) months. The 1-, 2- and 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 100%, 57.1% and 42.9%, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 8.7 (1.2–44.1) months. The 1-, 2- and 3-year PFS rates were 28.6%. The 1-, 2- and 3-year local control (LC) rates were 100%. No grade ≥4 radiation-induced adverse events (AEs) were observed. We conclude that PBT can be considered an alternative to hepatic resection for recurrent liver metastases postoperative esophageal cancer.
Odds ratios as a measure of disproportionate treatment: application to jury venires
Authors: Kadane Joseph B
Published: March 2023

Odds ratios have several advantages over other methods of measuring the degree of under-representation of cognizable classes of potential jurors. In particular, its advantage over comparative disparity is that it does not measure the extent of under-representation of some groups against an aggregate that includes the very group in question. Odds ratios in jury analysis are directly interpretable as the factor by which one’s probability of being on the jury is advanced or diminished by membership in a specified group.
The B & V light curves for recurrent nova T CrB from 1842–2022, the unique pre- and post-eruption high-states, the complex period changes, and the upcoming eruption in 2025.5 ± 1.3
Authors: Schaefer Bradley E
Published: March 2023

T CrB is one of the most-famous and brightest novae known, and is a recurrent nova with prior eruptions in 1866 and 1946 that peak at V = 2.0. I have constructed light curves spanning 1842–2022 with 213 730 magnitudes, where the B and V magnitudes are fully corrected to the Johnson system. These light curves first reveal a unique complex high-state (with 20× higher accretion rate than the normal low-state) stretching from −10 to +9 yr after eruption, punctuated with a deep pre-eruption dip (apparently from dust formation in a slow mass ejection) and a unique enigmatic secondary eruption (with 10 per cent of the energy of the primary eruption), with the light curves identical for the 1866 and 1946 eruptions. Starting in 2015, T CrB entered the high-state, like in 1936, so a third eruption in upcoming years has been widely anticipated. With the pre-1946 light curve as a template, I predict a date of 2025.5 ± 1.3 for the upcoming eruption, with the primary uncertainty arising from a possible lengthening of the pre-eruption high-state. I use the large-amplitude ellipsoidal modulation to track the orbital phase of the binary from 1867–2022. I measure that the orbital period increased abruptly by +0.185 ± 0.056 d across the 1946 eruption, the 1947–2022 years had a steady period decrease of (−8.9 ± 1.6) × 10−6 d-per-day, and the 1867–1946 years had a steady period change consistent with zero, at (+1.75 ± 4.5) × 10−6 d-per-day. These large period changes cannot be explained by any published mechanism.
Symmetric control of sister chromatid cohesion establishment
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin , Li Lili , Miao Yu , Liu Xiaojing , Sun Haitao , Jiang Meiqian , Li Xiaoli , Li Zhen , Liu Cong , Liu Baohua , Xu Xingzhi , Cao Qinhong , Hou Wenya , Chen Chunlai , Lou Huiqiang
Published: March 2023

Besides entrapping sister chromatids, cohesin drives other high-order chromosomal structural dynamics like looping, compartmentalization and condensation. ESCO2 acetylates a subset of cohesin so that cohesion must be established and only be established between nascent sister chromatids. How this process is precisely achieved remains unknown. Here, we report that GSK3 family kinases provide higher hierarchical control through an ESCO2 regulator, CRL4MMS22L. GSK3s phosphorylate Thr105 in MMS22L, resulting in homo-dimerization of CRL4MMS22L and ESCO2 during S phase as evidenced by single-molecule spectroscopy and several biochemical approaches. A single phospho-mimicking mutation on MMS22L (T105D) is sufficient to mediate their dimerization and rescue the cohesion defects caused by GSK3 or MMS22L depletion, whereas non-phosphorylable T105A exerts dominant-negative effects even in wildtype cells. Through cell fractionation and time-course measurements, we show that GSK3s facilitate the timely chromatin association of MMS22L and ESCO2 and subsequently SMC3 acetylation. The necessity of ESCO2 dimerization implicates symmetric control of cohesion establishment in eukaryotes.
Parliament’s Constitution: Legislative Disruption of Implied Repeal
Authors: Hameed Asif
Published: March 2023

UK constitutional law establishes priority rules governing the relations among legal sources. According to the implied repeal rule, a later statute is preferred to and repeals an earlier statute where the two cannot stand together. There is a vast literature testing the rule’s application in future-facing scenarios: whether Parliament in enacting legislation is capable of legally binding its successors. This article instead adopts a backward-facing perspective, focusing on past enactments. I examine Parliament’s legislative power to disrupt how implied repeal applies to earlier, inconsistent statutes. This sheds light on Parliament’s capacity to shape the constitution’s architecture—here, by rearranging priority relations among existing statutes. I juxtapose the technique against the doctrine of constitutional statutes, and also address the implications for the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty. Nor is the technique simply of academic interest. A backward-facing reprioritising regime has already been established in the legislation governing UK withdrawal from the EU. Lastly, the argument may be generalised to encompass other legislatures that also enjoy powers to disrupt the implied repeal rule normally operating among past statutes.
Genome-wide profiling of rice Double-stranded RNA-Binding Protein 1–associated RNAs by targeted RNA editing
Authors: Yin Shuai , Chen Yuedan , Chen Yache , Xiong Lizhong , Xie Kabin
Published: March 2023

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play essential roles in regulating gene expression. However, the RNA ligands of RBPs are poorly understood in plants, not least due to the lack of efficient tools for genome-wide identification of RBP-bound RNAs. An RBP-fused adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) can edit RBP-bound RNAs, which allows efficient identification of RNA ligands of RBPs in vivo. Here, we report the RNA editing activities of the ADAR deaminase domain (ADARdd) in plants. Protoplast experiments indicated that RBP-ADARdd fusions efficiently edited adenosines within 41 nucleotides (nt) of their binding sites. We then engineered ADARdd to profile the RNA ligands of rice (Oryza sativa) Double-stranded RNA-Binding Protein 1 (OsDRB1). Overexpressing the OsDRB1-ADARdd fusion protein in rice introduced thousands of A-to-G and T-to-C RNA‒DNA variants (RDVs). We developed a stringent bioinformatic approach to identify A-to-I RNA edits from RDVs, which removed 99.7% to 100% of background single-nucleotide variants in RNA-seq data. This pipeline identified a total of 1,798 high-confidence RNA editing (HiCE) sites, which marked 799 transcripts as OsDRB1-binding RNAs, from the leaf and root samples of OsDRB1-ADARdd–overexpressing plants. These HiCE sites were predominantly located in repetitive elements, 3′-UTRs, and introns. Small RNA sequencing also identified 191 A-to-I RNA edits in miRNAs and other sRNAs, confirming that OsDRB1 is involved in sRNA biogenesis or function. Our study presents a valuable tool for genome-wide profiling of RNA ligands of RBPs in plants and provides a global view of OsDRB1-binding RNAs.
The Overnight Drift
Authors: Boyarchenko Nina , Larsen Lars C , Whelan Paul
Published: March 2023

This paper documents that U.S. equity returns are large and positive during the opening hours of European markets. These returns are pervasive and highly economically and statistically significant. Consistent with models of inventory risk, we demonstrate a strong relationship with order imbalances at the close of the preceding U.S. trading day. Rationalizing unconditionally positive “overnight drift” returns, we uncover an asymmetric reaction to demand shocks: market sell-offs generate robust positive overnight reversals, while reversals following market rallies are much more modest. We argue that demand shock asymmetry can arise in inventory management models with time-varying market maker risk-bearing capacity.

Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Coenzyme Q10 treatment and diazinon exposure in parental male rats: effects of the exposure on their neonatal brains
Authors: Chali Sima Ebadi Naft , Khanbabaei Ramzan , Juybari Abbas Ali Dehpour , Fatahi Esmail , Kalai Roya Bisheh
Published: March 2023

Prenatal acute and chronic exposure to organophosphorus pesticides may evoke physical and behavioral impairments in offspring development. However, the mechanism of antioxidant consumption repair to cure these impairments remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of COQ10 against DZN toxicity by measuring Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the expression of MH2A, DNMT1, H2AZ, and HDAC3, and the histopathology in the brain of neonatal Wistar albino rats whose male parents were exposed to DZN and COQ10. The results showed that COQ10 could significantly decrease MDA level, histopathological alteration, and expression of DNMT1 and HDAC3 in the neonatal brain (P < 0.05). Also, an increase in SOD activity and expression of MH2A and H2AZ were observed in the neonatal brain of this group (P < 0.05). These investigations suggest that COQ10 can reduce the effects of DZN on neuronal oxidative stress and its damage to the neonatal brain.
Is it a good choice for physeal distraction osteogenesis to treat CPT patients with tibial shortening?
Authors: Liu Yaoxi , Tan Qian , Liu Kun , Yang Ge , Zhu Guanghui , Wu Jiangyan , Mei Haibo
Published: March 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the healing index and complications of distraction osteogenesis through the physis in children with Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) using Ilizarov external fixation device.

Methods

Nine children with CPT who underwent distraction osteogenesis through the physis surgery with an Ilizarov external fixation device between June 2018 and August 2020 were included in the study. The average follow-up time was 36.1 months. X-ray examination was performed 1 month after physis lengthening, and the callus quality was evaluated using the Li classification. Any complications and the quality of the callus after tibial lengthening were followed up.

Results

The average age at the time of operation was 9.4 years, and the average follow-up time was 36.1  months. The average lengthening length of children with CPT was 6.6 cm. The incidence of good callus morphology was 100%, and the healing index was 51.1 d/cm. The average fixation time of the external fixation device was 316 days. Needle tract infection occurred in one case, ankle stiffness occurred in one case, ankle plantar flexion 20° deformity occurred in one case, angular deformity of the tibial lengthening segment occurred in one case (7°) and limited movement of knee joint occurred in one case (0–20°–70°).

Conclusion

The osteogenic quality of the patients of distraction osteogenesis through the physis with tibial shortening and small diameter of the proximal tibia is good, which provides a choice of operation for the children with CPT.
Vitreous Cortex Remnants Removal With Beveled Vitrectomy Probe During Vitrectomy For Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Hwang Sung Ha , Lee Dae Yeong , Nam Dong Heun
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

To introduce a new surgical technique with a beveled vitrectomy probe for the removal of peripheral vitreous cortex remnants (VCR) in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods:

This study was a retrospective case series. From September 2019 to June 2022, 54 patients with complete or partial posterior vitreous detachment who underwent vitrectomy for primary RRD by a single surgeon were enrolled.

Results:

After staining the vitreous with triamcinolone acetonide, the presence of VCR was assessed in detail. If VCR were present, the macular VCR were removed using surgical forceps, and then, a free flap of peripheral VCR was used as a handle for removing peripheral VCR using the beveled vitrectomy probe. Of the total patients, the presence of VCR was confirmed in 16 patients (29.6%). There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications, except for retinal redetachment caused by proliferative vitreoretinopathy, that occurred in only one eye (1.9%).

Conclusion:

Using a beveled vitrectomy probe was a practical solution for removing VCR during RRD vitrectomy because additional instruments were not needed and risk of iatrogenic retinal damage was low.
PREMATURE EMULSIFICATION OF SILICONE OIL AFTER RETINAL DETACHMENT REPAIR IN THE SETTING OF HIGH-INTENSITY EXERCISE
Authors: Cobbs Lucy V. , Soares Rebecca Russ , Spirn Marc , Mehta Sonia
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

To describe a rare case of silicone oil emulsification that occurred only three months postoperatively. We discuss the implications for postoperative counseling.

Methods:

Retrospective chart review of a single patient.

Results:

Thirty-nine-year-old woman who presented with a right eye macula-on retinal detachment that was repaired with scleral buckle, vitrectomy, and silicone oil tamponade. Her course was complicated by extensive silicone oil emulsification within 3 months postoperatively, most likely because of shear forces induced by her daily CrossFit exercise regimen.

Conclusion:

Typical postoperative precautions after a retinal detachment repair include no heavy lifting or strenuous activity for one week. These restrictions may need to be more stringent and long-term for patients with silicone oil to prevent early emulsification.
Transient visual disturbances are associated with disability and suicide risk in patients with migraine without aura
Authors: Tsao Yu-Chien , Wang Yen-Feng , Fuh Jong-Ling , Chen Wei-Ta , Lai Kuan-Lin , Liu Hung-Yu , Wang Shuu-Jiun , Chen Shih-Pin
Published: March 2023

Background:

To investigate the characteristics and clinical correlates of transient visual disturbances (TVDs) in patients with migraine without aura (MO). Patients with MO frequently report TVDs, which differ from typical visual aura, but the clinical significance of these TVDs has not been determined.

Methods:

Patients with MO who attended our headache clinics were enrolled. Structured questionnaires were used to acquire data on participants’ headache profiles, disability, comorbidities, and lifetime suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. A semistructured visual phenomenon questionnaire was used to characterize TVDs. Headache specialists interviewed the participants for diagnosis and the verification of questionnaire responses.

Results:

Patients with MO (n = 7200; female/male ratio = 3.56, mean age 40.1 ± 13.4 years) were divided into two groups based on the presence (n = 2488) or absence (n = 4712) of TVDs. Patients with TVDs had more headache-related disability, psychiatric comorbidities, and photophobia than did those without TVDs. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were more common among patients with than among those without TVDs [ideation: odds ratio (OR) = 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71-2.15, p < 0.001; suicide attempt: OR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.80-2.75, p < 0.001].

Conclusion:

The presence of TVDs may imply greater migraine-related disability, photophobia, and suicidal ideation/suicide attempt risk in patients with MO.
A Preliminary Study of Medical Books on Health Care for the Elderly and Prolonging Life in the Early 20th Century
Authors: PI Kuoli
Published: March 2023

The present research of Chinese medical history lack detailed discussions on Chinese medicine philology of the elderly and the various sorting of related literature of physiology and diseases both at home and abroad. Based on previous literature, the article aims to introduce the publishing trend of medical books on health cultivation and prolonging life on since modern times, generally describe its significance, and initially analyze the contents related to health cultivation for the elderly. The article finds out that after the scientific concepts were imported into China in large quantities from the beginning of the 20th century, the past superstitions rose again. The sciences of nutrition, bacteriology, and physiology in such books had all verified that the road to immortality was possible. The concept of longevity at the time emphasized a concept that could be controlled by science. With the advancement of scientific research and health concepts, people believed that they could eventually achieve immortality. It was obvious that people were filled with optimism about science at that time, thus gradually subverting the definition of the elderly.
The Establishment of the Concept of Shu Yi and Its Significance in the History of Knowledge
Authors: Xinzhong YU , Yu TIAN
Published: March 2023

Plague is one of the severe infectious diseases which has had a huge impact on human society throughout history. Although there is abundant research on the disease, few studies focus on the concept of plague itself. It is generally believed that Shu Yi was first coined by Chinese doctors in the late 19th century, and it was closely related to the introduction of new medicine. This statement is not accurate, because plague was prevalent in Yunnan and Guangdong provinces in the late Qing Dynasty. At that time, people had already recognized the relationship between the outbreak of plague and the death of rats, and gradually named the epidemic disease as Shu Yi. This name was used by literati and doctors by coincidence. As the epidemic became more and more serious, more related works were widely disseminated, and Shu Yi changed from a folk name to a formal name. Later, with the help of the government’s active introduction of modern health and epidemic prevention mechanisms and the implementation of rodent control measures, Shu Yi became more popular and gradually recognized by all walks of society. The emergence and prevalence of Shu Yi created the history of zoonosis in China, and thus formed a new paradigm of naming human epidemics after related animal names.
Sensing as Knowing: Medicines, the Senses, and Practical Expertise in Late Imperial China
Authors: Xiaomeng LIU
Published: March 2023

The development of the medicinal trade and markets in late imperial China increased anxiety among scholarly physicians about the authenticity of medicines. Even though the market was typically depicted by scholarly physicians as a place full of tricks and deceptions, it was a repertoire where practical knowledge about authentication was created and circulated. The specialized knowledge was mainly transmitted through oral tradition. But in some instances, it was also written down by scholarly physicians or merchants, allowing us to reconstruct the techniques and their underlying rationales. Authentication of medicines mobilized multiple sensory perceptions of the human body, consisting of observing, tasting, smelling, touching, and performing small tests. All these techniques played different roles in the practice of authentication. Even though these sensory techniques seemed like a collection of trivial and discrete records without any coherent rationales, an underlying episteme could be detected through a close investigation. Merchants and practitioners in the market did not understand the nature and materiality of medicines by any established theories. Instead, they actively engaged with the tangible form of medicines through the senses and bodily techniques. This sensory form of knowing indicates a type of practical expertise that is distant from the scholarly tradition of materia medica in late imperial China.
The coagulome of oral squamous cell carcinoma: examining the role and regulation of coagulation in oral cancers using a systems approach
Authors: Racine Floriane , Soudet Simon , Sevestre Marie-Antoinette , Galmiche Antoine , Saidak Zuzana
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review

Solid tumors often establish a locally hypercoagulant state that promotes vascular complications, such as venous thromboembolism (VTE). Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with a broad range of hemostatic complications. Although VTE rarely occurs in ambulatory patients with OSCC, the coagulation cascade is typically activated by surgical resection and local hemorrhage. We present the recent progress in the understanding of the role and regulation of coagulation in OSCC.

Recent findings

Application of systems biology, using bulk tumor and single cell genomic analyses, unveiled the landscape of the tumor coagulome. Of all tumor types, OSCC express the highest mRNA levels of F3 and PLAU, the genes that encode the tissue factor (TF) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), the key regulators of coagulation and fibrinolysis, respectively. It also brought to light the intimate and reciprocal regulation between coagulation/fibrinolysis and the tumor microenvironment (TME).

OSCC have a specific coagulome, with consequences that likely extend beyond the vascular risk. We discuss the attractive possibility that biomarkers of the coagulation cascade might reflect some important characteristics of the TME, offering new opportunities to better understand the impact of surgical procedures, better predict their oncological outcome and improve current therapeutic approaches.
Infant Feeding, Gut Permeability, and Gut Inflammation Markers
Authors: Koivusaari Katariina , Niinistö Sari , Nevalainen Jaakko , Honkanen Jarno , Ruohtula Terhi , Koreasalo Mirva , Ahonen Suvi , Åkerlund Mari , Tapanainen Heli , Siljander Heli , Miettinen Maija E. , Alatossava Tapani , Ilonen Jorma , Vaarala Outi , Knip Mikael , Virtanen Suvi M.
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

Increased gut permeability and gut inflammation have been linked to the development of type 1 diabetes. Little is known on whether and how intake of different foods is linked to these mechanisms in infancy. We investigated whether the amount of breast milk and intake of other foods are associated with gut inflammation marker concentrations and permeability.

Methods:

Seventy-three infants were followed from birth to 12 months of age. Their diet was assessed with structured questionnaires and 3-day weighed food records at the age of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Gut permeability was assessed with the lactulose/mannitol test and fecal calprotectin and human β-defensin-2 (HBD-2) concentrations were analyzed from stool samples at the age of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The associations between foods and gut inflammation marker concentrations and permeability were analyzed using generalized estimating equations.

Results:

Gut permeability and gut inflammation marker concentrations decreased during the first year of life. Intake of hydrolyzed infant formula (P = 0.003) and intake of fruits and juices (P = 0.001) were associated with lower intestinal permeability. Intake of fruits and juices (P < 0.001), vegetables (P < 0.001), and oats (P = 0.003) were associated with lower concentrations of HBD-2. Higher intake of breast milk was associated with higher fecal calprotectin concentrations (P < 0.001), while intake of fruits and juices (P < 0.001), vegetables (P < 0.001), and potatoes (P = 0.007) were associated with lower calprotectin concentrations.

Conclusions:

Higher intake of breast milk may contribute to higher calprotectin concentration, whereas several complementary foods may decrease gut permeability and concentrations of calprotectin and HBD-2 in infant gut.
Combination of Plasma Exchange and Adsorption Versus Plasma Exchange in Pediatric Acute Liver Failure: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Gao Qian , Chen Jie , Zhao Chun , Li Jing , Song Aiqin , Zhang Zhaohua , Lin Xia , Dong Shengying , Xin Meiyun , Hou Jian , Han Mingying , Li Xiaomei , Yang Xinli , Jin Youpeng , Zhang Yucai
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of double plasma molecular adsorption system (DPMAS) with half-dose plasma exchange (PE) to that of full-dose PE in pediatric acute liver failure (PALF).

Methods:

This multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted in 13 pediatric intensive care units in Shandong Province, China. DPMAS+PE and single PE therapies were performed in 28 and 50 cases, respectively. The patients’ clinical information and biochemical data were obtained from the patients’ medical records.

Results:

The severity of illness did not differ between the 2 groups. At 72 hours after treatment, comparing with PE group, the rates of decline of Pediatric model for End-stage Liver Disease and Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores as well as total bilirubin blood ammonia and interleukin-6 were significantly higher, while the short-term effective rate (75.0% vs 44.0%, P = 0.008) was significantly higher in the DPMAS+PE group. The volume of plasma consumption (26.5 vs 51.0 mL/kg, P = 0.000) and the rate of adverse events (3.6% vs 24.0%, P = 0.026) were lower in the DPMAS+PE group than in the PE group, respectively. However, there was no statistical difference in the 28-day mortality between the 2 groups (21.4% vs 40.0%, P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

For PALF patients, both DPMAS + half-dose PE and full-dose PE could improve the liver function, while DPMAS + half-dose PE could significantly reduce plasma consumption without obvious adverse effects in contrast with full-dose PE. Thus, DPMAS + half-dose PE may be a suitable alternative method for PALF in the context of the increasingly tight blood supply situation.
Enhancing Functional Recovery after Segmental Nerve Defect using Nerve Allograft treated with Plasma-Derived Exosome
Authors: Wang Yicun , Shi Guidong , Huang Tony C.T. , Li Jialun , Long Zeling , Reisdorf Ramona , Shin Alexander Y. , Amadio Peter , Behfar Atta , Zhao Chunfeng , Moran Steven L.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Nerve injuries can result in detrimental functional outcomes. Currently, autologous nerve graft offers the best outcome for segmental peripheral nerve injury. Allografts are alternatives, but do not have comparable results. This study evaluated if plasma-derived exosome can improve nerve regeneration and functional recovery when combined with decellularized nerve allografts.

Methods:

The effect of exosomes on Schwann cell proliferation and migration were evaluated. A rat model of sciatic nerve repair was used to evaluate the effect on nerve regeneration and functional recovery. A fibrin sealant was used as the scaffold for exosome. 84 Lewis rats were divided into Autograft, Allograft, and Allograft with exosome groups. Gene expression of nerve regeneration factors were analyzed on postoperative day 7. At 12 and 16 weeks, rats were subjected to maximum isometric tetanic force (ITF) and compound muscle action potential (CMAP). Nerve specimens were then analyzed via histology and immunohistochemistry.

Results:

Exosomes were readily taken up by Schwann cells (SCs) that resulted in improved SCs viability and migration. Treated allograft group had comparable functional recovery (CMAP, ITF) as the autograft group. Similar results were observed in gene expression analysis of nerve regenerating factors. Histological analysis showed no statistically significant differences between treated allograft and autograft groups in terms of axonal density, fascicular area, and myelin sheath thickness.

Conclusion:

Plasma-derived exosome treatment of decellularized nerve allograft may provide comparable clinical outcomes to that of an autograft. This can be a promising strategy in the future as an alternative for segmental peripheral nerve repair.
“Calling on Sponsorship – Analysis of Speaker Gender Representation at Hand Society Meetings.”
Authors: Jacobson Lauren A , Zhong Shuting S , Mackinnon Susan E , Novak Christine B , Patterson J Megan M
Published: March 2023

Background:

The paucity of leadership diversity in surgical specialties is well documented. Unequal opportunities for participation at scientific meetings may impact future promotions within academic infrastructures. This study evaluated gender representation of surgeon speakers at hand surgery meetings.

Methods:

Data were retrieved from the 2010 and 2020 meetings of the American Association for Hand Surgery (AAHS) and American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH). Programs were evaluated for invited and peer reviewed speakers excluding keynote speakers and poster presentations. Gender was determined from publicly available sources. Bibliometric data (h-index) for invited speakers was analyzed.

Results:

In 2010 at the AAHS (n=142) and ASSH meetings (n=180), female surgeons represented 4% of the invited speakers and in 2020 increased to 15% at AAHS (n=193) and 19% at ASSH (n=439). From 2010 to 2020, female surgeon invited speakers had a 3.75-fold increase at AAHS and 4.75-fold increase at ASSH. Representation of female surgeon peer reviewed presenters at these meetings was similar (2010 AAHS 26%, ASSH 22%; 2020 AAHS 23%, ASSH 22%). The academic rank of women speakers was significantly lower (p<0.001) than males. At the assistant professor level, the mean h-index was significantly lower (p<0.05) for female invited speakers.

Conclusion:

Although there was a significant improvement in gender diversity in invited speakers at the 2020 meetings compared to 2010, female surgeons remain underrepresented. Gender diversity is lacking at national hand surgery meetings and continued effort and sponsorship of speaker diversity is imperative to curate an inclusive hand society experience.

Level of Evidence:

3
Decreased Length of Stay and Opioid Usage After Liver Cancer Surgery With Enhanced Recovery Pathway Implementation
Authors: Nguyen Yvonne , Fernandez Leopoldo , Trainer Brooke , McNulty Marilyn , Kazior Michael R.
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives:

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways are associated with better postoperative recovery; however, evidence is lacking in liver cancer surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an ERAS pathway in US veterans undergoing liver cancer surgery.

Methods:

We initiated an ERAS pathway for liver cancer surgery with preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative interventions, which included a novel regional anesthesia technique, erector spinae plane block, for multimodal analgesia management. A retrospective quality improvement study was conducted with patients undergoing elective open hepatectomy or microwave ablation of liver tumors before and after ERAS pathway implementation.

Results:

With 24 patients in the post-ERAS group and 23 patients in the pre-ERAS group, we found a significant decreased length of stay in the ERAS group (4.1 days ± 3.9) compared with traditional care (8.6 days ± 7.1, P = .01) and decreased perioperative opioid consumption including intraoperative opioids (post-ERAS 49.8 mg ± 28.5 vs pre-ERAS 98 mg ± 42.3, P = 4.1E-5), postoperative opioids (post-ERAS 65.3 mg ± 59.9 vs pre-ERAS 175.7 mg ± 210.6, P = .018), and patient-controlled analgesia requirements (post-ERAS 0% vs pre-ERAS 50%, P < .001).

Conclusion:

The implementation of ERAS for liver cancer surgery in our veteran population translates into decreased length of stay and perioperative opioid consumption. Although this study is limited as a quality improvement project implemented at one institution with a small sample size, our results are clinically and statistically significant and sufficient to warrant further investigation into the efficacy of ERAS as the surgical needs of the US veteran population increase.
Are Surgical Approaches Correlated With BREAST-Q Score Improvements After Reduction Mammoplasty? A Systematic Review
Authors: Liao Christopher D. , Xia Joyce , Zhao Kelley , Wang Katherine , Glickman Laurence T. , Agrawal Nikhil A.
Published: March 2023

Background

Despite the commonly recognized benefits and drawbacks of each surgical technique for reduction mammoplasty, data on the influence of each surgical approach on patient quality of life and satisfaction remains limited. Our study aims to evaluate the association between surgical factors and BREAST-Q scores for reduction mammoplasty patients.

Methods

A literature review through August 6, 2021, was conducted using the PubMed database to select publications that used the BREAST-Q questionnaire to evaluate outcomes after reduction mammoplasty. Studies examining breast reconstruction, breast augmentation, oncoplastic reduction, or breast cancer patients were excluded. The BREAST-Q data were stratified by incision pattern and pedicle type.

Results

We identified 14 articles that met selection criteria. Among 1816 patients, the mean age ranged from 15.8 to 55 years, mean body mass index ranged from 22.5 to 32.4 kg/m2, and bilateral mean resected weight ranged from 323 to 1845.96 g. Overall complication rate was 19.9%. On average, satisfaction with breasts improved by 52.1 ± 0.9 points (P < 0.0001), psychosocial well-being improved by 43.0 ± 1.0 points (P < 0.0001), sexual well-being improved by 38.2 ± 1.2 points (P < 0.0001), and physical well-being improved by 27.9 ± 0.8 points (P < 0.0001). No significant correlations were observed when mean difference was modeled against complication rates or prevalence of superomedial pedicle use, inferior pedicle use, Wise pattern incision, or vertical pattern incision. Complication rates were not correlated with preoperative, postoperative, or mean change in BREAST-Q scores. A negative correlation was noted between the prevalence of superomedial pedicle use and postoperative physical well-being (Spearman rank correlation coefficient [SRCC], −0.66742; P < 0.05). The prevalence of Wise pattern incision was negatively correlated with postoperative sexual well-being (SRCC, −0.66233; P < 0.05) and physical well-being (SRCC, −0.69521; P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Although either preoperative or postoperative BREAST-Q scores may be individually influenced by pedicle or incision type, there was no statistically significant effect of surgical approach or complication rates on the average change of these scores, and overall satisfaction and well-being scores improved. This review suggests that any of the main surgical approaches to reduction mammoplasty provide equally substantial improvements in patient-reported satisfaction and quality of life, but more robust comparative studies would strengthen this area of research.