bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOCIAL INEQUALITY IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors:   Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GORLOV KONSTANTIN
Published: February 2022

The article describes the formation of digital economy from the point of view of emergence of socio-political risks, in particular the risk of social inequality as a result of growth of digital inequality. The study was conducted as a part of political science analysis. The aim of the work is to identify factors affecting social inequality, develop the steps to prevent its further spread. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are set: to consider the essence of inequality and approaches which determine its causes; to explore a new type of inequality - digital; identify socio-political risks of digitalization which affect inequality; suggest ways to manage these risks. The article presents the evolution of ideas about inequality from the XVIII century to the present day, from Rousseau's "natural inequality" to the modern "digital inequality". The reasons and consequences of the social inequality spread in the digital age are considered in detail. With the advent of the digital age, social strata did not disappear from the realities of our world, but on the contrary were transferred to the virtual world. The emergence of digital inequality has actualized the risk of social inequality spread, the consequences of which are changes in the structure of society and employment; uneven economic development; income distribution imbalances, uneven access to social benefits and rights. The steps aimed at changing the mentality of citizens and social institutions are proposed to manage the risk of social inequality in modern conditions. Economic and political backwardness, social inequality can be overcome by the effect of the same breakthrough digital technologies, which are no longer passive agents of public relations, but determine the development of the economy, politics, and society generally.
BASIC VALUES OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE RSFSR OF 1918 IN A MYTHOLOGICAL CONTEXT
Authors:   Kurgan State University, Kurgan, Russian Federation, GLEBOV ANDREY
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study is to analyze the deep, archetypal content of the values recorded in the first Soviet Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918. The subject is revolution, socialism, the dictatorship of the proletariat, Soviet power as the values of the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918. The method is the hermeneutical interpretation, which consists in the fact that the values of the Basic Law of 1918 plunge into the space of myth, revolution is interpreted through the myth of creation, socialism through the chiliastic myth, the dictatorship of the proletariat and Soviet power through the heroic myth. The novelty of the research lies in the departure from a formal legal reading of the 1918 Constitution and an attempt to prepare its value core in a wide socio-cultural context. The Basic Law of 1918 emphasizes the significance of the revolution as the beginning of a new era in the history of mankind, as an "act of creation" and lays the foundations for its positioning as the most important sacred value of Soviet society and the state. The revolution as a value cements Soviet reality, fills it with energy. Socialism is the thermal value of Soviet society, which embodied the chiliastic mythologeme. The significance of this value lies in the fact that the belief in the reality of building a more just and free society has made it possible to mobilize society for grandiose achievements and trials and to justify the costs of this process. The dictatorship of the proletariat and Soviet power are instrumental values through which social dichotomy and movement towards the thermal values of Soviet reality are realized. As a result, the ideas of Marxism, contained in the Constitution of 1918, in the process of their implementation were reduced into mythologemes, with the help of which the reduced idea of social reality as a confrontation of two principles was introduced into public consciousness. On the basis of this core of values, the political and legal sphere of Russia is degrading, acquiring archaic features.
CURRENT TENDENCY OF DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTITUTIONALISM: FROM WEST TO EAST
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, LOGVINOVA INNA
Published: February 2022

The article is intended to determine the tendency of current constitutional development. Using formal-legal, systematic and comparative methods, the author considered the problem of the impact of the constitutional values, which emerged in western societies and received the universal importance, on the constitutional development in the Eastern countries. The novelty of the study is using modern sources of constitutional law. The concept of «the global constitutionalism» is considered critically in the article. At the same time, the author is of the opinion that modern constitutions became inherent in a state. Furthermore, the western constitutional values influenced largely the contents of the modern east constitutions. The Scale of such influence, along with its forms are different, depending not only on external but also on internal factors of the state development. As a result of the study, the conclusions are drawn regarding the features of the modern constitutionalism in East countries, some common features and differences in the constitutional development in different countries, which are traditionally assigned to the eastern type of civilization, explanations of the formalization of the constitutional process.
JUSTICE AND HUMANISM IN RUSSIAN CRIMINAL LAW
Authors:   Federal State University of Justice (RPA of the Russian Ministry of Justice), IVANOV NIKITA
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the most important issues of morality and law, issues that make up public relations' value structure - justice and humanism. Justice and humanism as universally recognized virtues are ambiguously understood and interpreted in literature. Still, they are fundamental ideas that are the foundation of the harmonious existence of the human community. As the fundamental ideas of the virtues considered in the article are reflected in the modern Criminal Code of the Russian Federation as the principles of criminal law. What is the ontological essence of the principles established in the Criminal Code, what is the influence of ancient truths on the formation of the semantics of the "virtues of criminal law", what is the error of the legislator who formulated these principles - the essence of the article proposed to the reader.
LEGAL PROBLEMS OF WILDLIFE PROTECTION IN THE USE OF MINERAL RESOURCES IN THE ARCTIC ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Сenter for field development support National University of oil and gas «Gubkin University» (Gubkin University), Moscow, Russian Federation, SOKOLNIKOVA EKATERINA
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of legal regulation of the protection of wildlife in the use of mineral resources in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. According to the results of research of the basic strategic planning documents for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation it is proved that the specificity of protection of the wildlife of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation the implementation of separate types of economic activities, including the use of mineral resources that are not directly allocated. The necessity of securing the documents of strategic planning of development of the Arctic zone of environmental threats and risks, characteristics of environmental protection in the implementation of certain types of activities (including the protection of wildlife in the subsoil) and also the need for the adoption of the Federal law that protects the special ecological and legal status of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
INTEGRATION OF THE INITIATIVE "ONE BELT, ONE ROAD" AND THE GREATER EURASIAN PARTNERSHIP: PREREQUISITES, MOTIVES AND PRIORITIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION
Authors:   Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China, LING CHU ,   Russia-Mongolia Research Center
Published: February 2022

The article examines the background and strategic importance of two initiatives - “One Belt and One Road” (China) and the Great Eurasian Partnership (Russia). The points of correspondence and motivation of the two strategic initiatives are analyzed. In the context of strengthening international cooperation and regional integration, a way to link the two main initiatives is being discussed. Factors of the current international situation are considered and taken into account. Thus, the coronavirus pandemic has already become the main event, which affects the changing economy, trade relations and humanitarian cooperation. In addition, global trade protectionism exacerbates the process of counter-globalization and the evolution of the global political structure. The signing of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the return of the Indo-Pacific Strategy to the Asia-Pacific region have accelerated the process of regional integration in Asia. In the new international situation, the initiative “One Belt and One Road” and the Great Eurasian Partnership as geostrategic concepts of China and Russia have quite a lot of intersections in political, economic, humanitarian and other aspects. Especially within the framework of the “comprehensive partnership and strategic cooperation between China and Russia entering a new era”, the integration of the two strategies - “One Belt and One Road” and the Greater Eurasian Partnership - will become one of the important areas of political and economic activity of the two countries. China and Russia have a common task - to implement the integration of the two initiatives, to fully use their strategic attributes and pragmatic cooperation in the global regional game, and to promote the development of cooperation with the maximum benefit and win-win situation.
ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIVE PROMOTION OF THE WAYS OF CONSTRUCTION OF A PUBLIC LEGAL SERVICES SYSTEM IN THE POST-EPIDEMIC ERA (FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE “CHINESE LEGAL SERVICES NETWORK”)
Authors:   Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, National Institute for SCO International Exchange and Judicial Cooperation, Shanghai, China, YANYAN REN
Published: February 2022

Public legal services serve as the foundation that underpins and safeguards the promotion of the rule of law. In recent years, especially since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, the advantages of the website platform of “China Legal Service Website” have been increasingly highlighted. This Website plays an important role in China’s efforts to develop its judicial system, especially in China’s endeavors to integrate the pandemic prevention and control with socio-economic development in a legally orderly fashion. This paper aims to propose suggestions for the innovative promotion of public legal service system when the pandemic is over via elaborating upon the challenges and opportunities faced by public legal services when COVID-19 hits. By so doing, an improved, more substantial and robust public legal service system can be expected when the pandemic is over. This paper concludes that public legal service system in the post-pandemic era can be improved by strengthening scientific and technological innovation, improving the operation mechanism and enhancing the professional skills of legal practitioners.
PROBLEMS OF USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN LAW-MAKING
Authors:   Moscow State Law University named after O.E. Kutafina (MSAL), Moscow, Russian Federation, BARZILOVA INNA
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the problems of using digital technologies in the law-making process in the Russian Federation. The main areas of application of digital technologies are analyzed depending on the subjects of lawmaking. The aim of the study is to identify the features of the use of digital technologies depending on the types of lawmaking activities. This is necessary to determine the main directions of the use of digital technologies in law-making work, to develop recommendations for optimizing their use. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that digital technologies are not yet sufficiently used in the law-making sphere, their potential and opportunities have not been revealed. It is advisable to use digital technologies depending on the types and subjects of lawmaking. Digital codes, algorithms will take into account the peculiarities of lawmaking work, depending on the stages of the lawmaking process. The main directions of the use of digital technologies in the lawmaking of state bodies of the Russian Federation and officials are highlighted; local government bodies; lawmaking by way of a referendum; local lawmaking. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that digital technologies are not yet sufficiently used in the law-making sphere, their potential and opportunities have not been revealed. It is advisable to use digital technologies depending on the types and subjects of lawmaking. Digital codes, algorithms will take into account the peculiarities of lawmaking work, depending on the stages of the lawmaking process. The main directions of the use of digital technologies in the lawmaking of state bodies of the Russian Federation and officials are highlighted; local government bodies; lawmaking by way of a referendum; local lawmaking. The author comes to the conclusion about the creation of guidelines, other regulations governing the procedure and procedures for the use of digital technologies in the law-making process. It is necessary to make changes to the legislative system by creating normative acts regulating the legal and technical aspects of the law-making process. Digital technologies will make it possible to improve the procedure for conducting expert examinations of draft normative acts; determine the volume of regulations that need to be systematized; reduce the burden on subjects of legal and authentic interpretation. It is possible to create electronic dictionaries of legal terms, with the help of which the correctness of the use of terminology in draft regulations and current regulations will be checked. Digital technologies will make it possible to shorten the time for the adoption of regulatory legal acts, to optimize the law-making process.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE CONCEPT OF RELIGIO IN THE WORKS OF CICERO
Authors:   Vladimir State University named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletovs, Vladimir, Российская Федерация, TSYGANOV ROMAN
Published: February 2022

This article is devoted to the analysis of the anthropological aspects of the concept of religio used in the well-known legacy of Marcus Tullius Cicero. Cicero’s contribution to the development of philosophical understanding of various aspects of human society is generally recognized, but one of the most valuable “pearls”, which is highly valued by modern researchers, is his analysis of the Latin word religio, which is found in his works more than 600 times. In our opinion, an important aspect of Cicero’s reflections on religion is the consideration of his literary and philosophical heritage in the context of the crucial historical and political processes that took place in the Roman Republic in the first century BC, similar to the challenges facing the modern Russian and international community. The article attempts to comprehend the Latin lexemes superstitio and sacrum, which are close in meaning to the concept of religio, which allows us more accurately to explicate this concept from its related definitions. The results of the study. Cicero draws a clear line between the concepts of religio (internal and external sincere piety), sacrum (Roman state understanding of shrines) and superstitio (false beliefs). He identifies the following main functions in the concept of religio: Ideological (uniting people on the basis of pious beliefs in common gods), ideological (everything in the world happens with the permission of the gods as the foundations of the “higher order of nature”) and socio-managerial (universal values that govern the behavior of an individual in society).
THE PRINCIPLE OF “SELECTED MIGRATION” IN FRS AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF ITS USE IN THE PROCESS OF REGULATING THE RIGHTS OF LABOR MIGRANTS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: ABDULLAEV ELSHAN
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the research. The article examines the principle of “selective migration” as a modern pragmatic approach to the regulation of migration processes; analyzed the features of its use in the migration policy of France; the possibilities of using the French experience in the process of regulating migration and the rights of labor migrants in Russia are determined. The article determines that the principle of “selective migration” is aimed at providing national economies with highly qualified labor force, while the countries of the “third world” are currently suppliers of high-quality labor resources, which requires their active involvement in the struggle for minds, abilities and talents. The French experience of using the principle of “selective migration” is analyzed, it is noted that during the twentieth century this principle was transformed, although throughout the history of its development it carried a “pragmatic element” based on the national interests of France. At the same time, the pragmatics of this principle came into conflict with the general principles of law, until at the present stage it acquired the features of a social concept of ensuring the rights of labor migrants, which is enshrined in the relevant documents. The attractive aspects of the French approach, which are “softness” to regulation based on the principle of “selective migration”, are noted, it is determined that the French model can be adapted to modern Russian conditions. Output. As a result of the study, it was determined that the French version of the implementation of the principle of “selective migration” is most consistent with modern socio-economic development and the ability of our country to compete with Western countries in this aspect of migration policy. The article provides a number of recommendations regarding the use of the French experience in regulating migration processes, notes the need to combine the “principle of selective migration” with the protection of the social rights of migrants, which corresponds to the French model.
LEGAL FEATURES OF THE FUNCTIONING OF STATE CORPORATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN ECONOMIC SYSTEM
Authors:   Bashkir State University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation, VASILIEV ALEXANDER ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, ENIKEEV RAPHAEL
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study. The article deals with the key aspects of the regulatory and legal regulation of the activities of state corporations. For this purpose, on the basis of a comparative analysis of the existing laws in the subject area, the most significant, according to the authors, legal norms regulating the life of various state non-profit organizations are studied. This allowed us to identify the characteristic features inherent in state-owned corporations. From a critical point of view, we have studied the legislative regulations that provide state corporations with legal opportunities to implement socially important functions aimed at the innovative development of high-tech systems of the Russian Federation. Conclusions. As a result of a comparative study, the authors conclude that the state corporations have a high level of autonomy relative to the state structures that established them. This attribute should be qualified as the most significant property that distinguishes the organizations under consideration from other NPOs. The study of federal laws providing for the creation of state corporations allows us to conclude that the established regulations are mainly preferential. Such qualification of legislative norms, from the point of view of the state, is due to the need, on the one hand, to remove bureaucratic barriers in the implementation of financial and economic activities of state corporations, on the other, to prevent the creation of corruption mechanisms between government officials and the highest governing body of the organizations under study. At the same time, this approach creates a favorable environment for illegal manipulation of state property.
POLITICS AND ECONOMY: INTERCONNECTION AT THE CONTEMPORARY STAGE
Authors:   Institute of Socio-Political Studies of the Federal Research and Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, KREMER PETER
Published: February 2022

The article actualizes the problem of the parity of politics and economics, especially when, in modern conditions, countries and continents are experiencing global economic and epidemiological shocks. The author comes to the conclusion that in the future world the effectiveness of the state will be determined by: The perfection of relations between government, business and society; the degree of controllability of society; the speed and adequacy of the reaction of the political system to the demands and support for resolving key problems and countering the challenges and threats facing the state. The purpose of the study is to identify by means of political science analysis of positive experience in the formation and implementation of socio-political projects aimed at ensuring the optimal way to achieve the desired values and needs obtained at the exit from the political system. Achieved results: The causal relationships of politics and economics as fundamental components of life have been determined; a comprehensive political science study of the impact of digitalization on the processes of interaction and interdependence of politics and economics was carried out; revealed the specifics of the relationship between economics and politics.
CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS AND THE STATE INTERFACE AS A BASIS TO TACKLE THE LONG-RUN CHALLENGES OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Institute of Socio-Political Studies of the Federal Research and Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, FEDOTOV ALEXEY
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the problem of interaction between civil society institutions and the state in the implementation of long-term tasks of economic development of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The progressive development of the economy of the region, as well as of the country as a whole, is impossible without the joint participation of the state, business, civil society institutions and ordinary citizens. The complexity of the tasks to be solved, the limited resources, the variety of interests of economic entities require their combined efforts to achieve the goals of economic growth. It is on how the mechanisms of interaction of these entities are built that largely determine the effectiveness and efficiency of their activities, and, as a result, an increase in the standard of living of the population, the rise of the regional economy and the country’s economy. The purpose of the study is to identify, using the means of political science analysis, the role of civil society institutions in the implementation of the strategy of economic development of the region on the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Achieved results: Generally increasing tendencies of the influence of civil society institutions on the solution of long-term problems of socio-economic development of the region are revealed; the forms of interaction of state and municipal structures of the Republic with the institutions of civil society for the purpose of socio-economic development of the region have been determined; the main forms and methods of influence of civil society institutions on the solution of long-term problems of socio-economic development of the region are analyzed; shows the role of the media in the socio-economic development of the region.
HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN RUSSIA
Authors:   National Research Mordovian State University named after N.P. Ogaryov, Saransk, Republic of Mordoviya, Russian Federation, EREMIN ALEXEY , GRISHIN VIKTOR
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study. The article is devoted to historical and legal issues of the development of local self-government in Russia. Approaches to the definition of local self-government are presented. Theories of local self-government that influenced the development of local self-government in the evolution of Russian statehood are being studied. The development of local self-government in Russia is being considered, especially the organization and prospects for the further development of the institution of local self-government within the framework of public power of the Russian state are being shown. The purpose of the study is to study the development of local self-government in historical and co-legal development in Russia. The article uses dialectical, isotorical, formal-legal, logical, comparative-legal and other methods of knowledge. Conclusions. Local self-government at all times of its historical development in Russia was a key factor in the development of democracy and the prospects for the participation of each member of the municipal community in the management of its territory. The totality of all forms of citizen's participation in making publicly significant decisions will ensure the achievement of the main goal - independent and accountable management of all local affairs. The modern development of local development in Russia would be even more effective if we studied the history of its formation and actively used the positive experience gained.
CLASSIFICATION OF ACTUAL COMPOSITIONS AS COMMUNITIES OF INTERRELATED LEGAL FACTS
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation, TSUKANOVA ELENA
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study. The article analyzes individual classifications of actual compositions, revealing the features of their elements and indicating the specifics of the relationship of legal facts that form the composition. The article analyzes the influence of individual legal facts on the process of accumulation of elements of the composition, which serves as the basis for legal consequences. The aim of the study is to identify the laws in the mechanism of the formation of the actual basis of legal regulation. Results. Analysis of the criteria for industry affiliation and internal complexity led to the following conclusions. In the aspect of sectoral affiliation, attention is drawn to the fact that the idea of determining the sectoral nature of actual compositions, rather than individual legal facts, is more promising. The actual compositions are formed within the framework of individual industries as an element of the mechanism of legal regulation of relations within a given industry. When dividing compositions into simple and complex, it is necessary to proceed from the fact that the complexity of the composition is due to the presence of intermediate legal consequences that are autonomous in relation to those that arise from the finally formed composition.
PORNOGRAPHIC DEEPFAKE: FICTION OR VIRTUAL REALITY?
Authors:   Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, ARHIPTSEV IVAN , ALEKSANDROV ALEXANDER , MAKSIMENKO ALEXANDER , OZEROV KIRILL ,   Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikot
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, information technologies are developing every year with faster and faster and have almost become an integral part of our daily life. The development of the information technology, of course, carries such positive aspects as the improving of communication between people, the possibility of receiving a distance education, the use of information technology by the government agencies and business, and etc. At the same time, the information technologies like everything new and good can become an object for their use for criminal purposes. One of such a technology, which will be discussed in this article, is called a deepfake and, as its separate kind, a pornographic deepfake. The authors propose a solution to the problem of pornographic deepfakes at the level of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, since at present the Criminal code does not provide for responsibility for their creation and distribution. In particular, the authors formulate the proposals to the domestic legislator to make appropriate changes to Art. 137 and Art. 242 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, where the notion of a pornographic deepfake would be revealed in a note of the latter. In initially, it is considered the legal aspect of the pornographic deepfake as a phenomenon of modern digitalization and informatization of the society and the use of new methods for creating a virtual reality of objects harmful to humans: photo, video, and audio information. The results of the research can be used in further researches on this topic as well as in improving the legislation and law enforcement activities not only in the Russian Federation, but also in other foreign countries.
KRONİK HASTALIĞI OLAN BİREYLERİN SAĞLIK OKURYAZARLIK DÜZEYLERİ VE ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER
Authors: DOST Ayşe , ÖZSOY DURMAZ Merve
Published: February 2022

Bu çalışma kronik hastalığı olan bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyleri ve etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı tipteki çalışma bir özel üniversite hastanesinde yatarak tedavi gören ve kronik hastalık tanısı olan 125 hasta ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve “Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği (TSOY-32)” ile toplanmıştır. Bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlığı ölçeği puan ortalamaları 32.05±9.15 olup, %36’sının “sorunlu/sınırlı” düzeyde sağlık okuryazarlığının olduğu saptanmıştır. Bireylerin; eğitim düzeyi, mesleği, hastanede yatış sayısı, yardım almadan randevu alabilme durumu, hangi bölümden randevu alacağını bilme durumu, sağlık bilgilerine ulaşmak için kullanılan kaynaklar, kendi kendine meme muayenesi yapma durumu ve kullanılan ilacın diğer ilaçlarla etkileşimine dikkat etme durumu sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyini etkileyen faktörler olarak bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Çalışma sonuçları kronik hastalığı olan bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeylerinin sorunlu-sınırlı olduğunu göstermekte olup, sağlık okuryazarlığını arttıracak müdahalelere gereksinim bulunmaktadır.
YAŞLI BAKIMI ÖĞRENCİLERİNE VERİLEN ÖLÜM VE MANEVİ BAKIM EĞİTİMİNİN ETKİNLİĞİ
Authors: KABATAŞ YILDIZ Mükerrem , CAL Ayse
Published: February 2022

Bu araştırmada yaşlı bakımı öğrencilerine verilen ölüm ve manevi bakım eğitiminin etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Tek grup ön test-son test tasarımlı eğitim müdahale araştırmasıdır. Araştırma yaşlı bakım programına devam eden 84 son sınıf öğrencisi ile Ekim 2017 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Veriler; ‘Bilgi Formu’, ‘Maneviyat ve Manevi Bakım Dereceleme Ölçeği’ ve ‘Ölüm ve Ölümcül Hastaya Yaklaşım Tutum Ölçeği’ ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımlı gruplarda t testi ve Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Yaşlı bakımı öğrencilerinin ölüm ve ölümcül hastaya yönelik tutumları ile maneviyat ve manevi bakım algıları orta düzeyde bulunmuştur. Verilen ölüm ve manevi bakım konulu eğitimin öğrencilerin tutumlarını anlamlı düzeyde iyileştirdiği belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin ölüm ve manevi bakım tutumları açısından ölçek toplam puanları arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin ölüm ve manevi bakım tutumlarının desteklenmesi gerekmektedir. Meslek hayatında yaşam sonu dönemdeki bireylere sağlık hizmeti sunacak yaşlı bakım öğrencilerine eğitimleri süresince ölüm ve manevi bakım konularında daha fazla eğitim fırsatı sunulmalıdır.
BİRİNCİ BASAMAK SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ KORONAVİRÜS SALGINI SÜRECİNDE COVID-19 AŞISINA YÖNELİK TUTUMLARI VE COVID-19 HASTALIK ALGILARI
Authors: ÖZKAN Filiz , YİĞİT İrem
Published: February 2022

Bu araştırma, Koronavirüs Salgını sürecinde birinci basamak sağlık çalışanlarının Covid-19 aşısına yönelik tutumlarını ve Covid-19 hastalık algıları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı-ilişkisel olarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Kayseri merkez ilçelerinde aile sağlığı merkezinde bulunan 63 sağlık çalışanı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada; Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Covid-19 Aşısına Yönelik Tutumlar Ölçeği ve Covid-19 Hastalık Algısı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler online anketlerle toplanmıştır. Çalışmaya katılanların; %58.7’sinin aşının yan etkilerinden korkmadığı, %96.8’inin aşı olduğu, %95.2’sinin ailesindeki bireylerin aşı olduğu ve %95.2’sinin Covid-19 aşısını hastalarına önerdiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, toplam puan median değerleri; aşıya yönelik olumlu tutumlar için: 4.5, aşıya yönelik olumsuz tutumlar için: 4.0, Covid-19 Hastalık Algısı tehlikelilik alt boyut için: 4.3, Covid-19 Hastalık Algısı bulaştırıcılık alt boyutu için 4.0 olarak saptanmıştır. Aşıya yönelik olumlu tutumlar ile tehlikelilik (rho=0.343, p=0.006) ve bulaştırıcılık (rho=0.342, p=0.006) alt boyutlarında ve aşıya yönelik olumsuz tutumlar ile tehlikelilik (rho=0.244, p=0.054) ve bulaştırıcılık (rho=0.369, p=0.003) alt boyutları arasında pozitif yönlü, zayıf ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<=0.05). Birinci basamak sağlık çalışanlarının Covid-19 aşısına yönelik olumlu tutumlarının olduğu, hastalıkla ilgili tehlikelilik algısının ve virüsün bulaştırıcılık algısının yüksek olduğu, ancak aralarındaki ilişkinin zayıf ve önemli olduğu bulunmuştur. Hastalık algısının gruplar üzerinde etkisi olduğu düşünülerek bu algının ve bu algıyla aşıya yönelik tutumların değiştirilmesi önerilmektedir.
Started From The Bottom, Now We’re Here: Navigating the Job Market Without A “Top Tier” PhD
Authors: Finnell Rachel , Middlewood Alexandra
Published: February 2022

Being on the job market is one of the most precarious and daunting tasks one faces during their graduate career. Earning a PhD from outside a “top tier” program may add additional — albeit often unnecessary — stress. As an upcoming graduate of a non-top tier program, the challenges one faces can be dramatically different than others navigating the job market. Graduating from a top tier program is not a requisite for success. Both authors graduated from a non-top tier program and obtained tenure track jobs immediately, though at very different types of institutions. Thus, we offer first hand evidence and experience on what helped us be successful on the job market. This manuscript is part of Strategies for Navigating Graduate School and Beyond, a forthcoming volume for those interested in pursuing graduate education in political science (Fall 2022 publication).
Pengenalan Komposisi Gizi Makanan Tradisional Suku kaili Melalui Media Food Fotograph Kepada Praktisi Kuliner dan Kader Posyandu
Authors: Nurjaya Nurjaya , Faisal Elvyrah , Aslinda Wery
Published: February 2022

Dengan adanya Food Photograph makanan tradisional Kaili, masyarakat dapat mengenal komposisi gizi setiap hidangan yang mereka konsumsi sehingga media ini dapat digunakan tidak hanya sebagai media dalam menetapkan besar porsi yang dikonsumsi oleh seseorang, tetapi juga dapat menjadi media dalam melakukan edukasi gizi kepada masyarakat. Kegiatan edukasi gizi inilah yang diangkat menjadi suatu kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Metode kegiatan adalah penyuluhan tentang zat gizi dan komposisi gizi makanan tradisional Kaili melalui penggunaan Food Photograph dan metode demonstrasi yakni mendemontrasikan bagaimana cara menilai komposisi makanan khas Kaili dalam satu porsi. Sasaran kegiatan adalah semua praktisi kuliner dan kader posyandu di wilayah sasaran dengan jumlah 30 orang. Wilayah yang dipilih adalah Kecamatan Labuan dan Kecamatan Tanantovea Kabupaten Donggala. Hasil kegiatan penyuluhan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan peserta sebesar 44% setelah dilakukan kegiatan penyuluhan dan sebesar 90% peserta terampil/mampu menghitung nilai gizi makanan tradisional Kaili berdasarkan jumlah porsi yang dikonsumsi setelah mengikuti demonstrasi. Kesimpulan penyuluhan terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan peserta setelah memperoleh informasi/pesan dan terdapat peningkatan keterampilan peserta setelah memperoleh demonstrasi cara perhitungan asupan nilai gizi makanan tradisional Kaili yang dikonsumsi perporsi.
Edukasi Penggunaan Masker dan Pembagian Masker Kain dalam Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19 di Kota Palu
Authors: Hafid Fahmi , Faisal Elvyrah , Sumiaty Sumiaty , Muliani Muliani , Pont Anna Veronica , Mangundap Selvi Alfrida , Supetran I Wayan , Taqwin Taqwin , Melangka Yulianus Sudarman H , Zainul Zainul , Djaafar Tjitrowati , Nasrul Nasrul , Lisnawati Lisnawati , Gusman Gusman , Amsal Amsal , Masudin Masudin , Ramadhan Kadar , Aminuddin Aminuddin , Wijianto Wijianto , Hasnawati Hasnawati , Saleh Azizah , Saharudin Saharudin , Hasanudin Hasanudin , Bungawati Andi , Candriasih Putu , Nurjaya Nurjaya , Faisal Elvyrah , Fadliah Unun , Hamsiah Hamsiah
Published: February 2022

Ketika pandemi Covid-19 berkembang di seluruh dunia, pemerintah, lembaga internasional, pembuat kebijakan dan pejabat kesehatan masyarakat mulai merekomendasikan penggunaan masker kain nonmedis secara luas untuk mengurangi penularan SARS-CoV-2. Selama pandemi Covid-19, penggunaan masker kain meningkat drastis karena kelangkaan masker medis. Oleh karena meningkatnya kebutuhan akan penggunaan masker dan pentingnya edukasi penggunaan masker kepada masyarakat melatarbelakangi kegiatan edukasi penggunaan masker dan pembagian masker kain untuk pencegahan penularan Covid-19 di Kota Palu. Pembagian masker kain sebanyak ±1000 masker kain dan edukasi penggunaan masker kain kepada pada pembeli dan pedagang di Pasar Tua Bambaru Kota Palu. Educator dari Dosen dan Staf Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu sebanyak 30 Orang. Masker kain yang dibagikan merupakan bantuan dari Badan PPSDM Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 03 September 2020 di Kota Palu. Penggunaan masker secara langsung dipraktikkan educator dan diikuti oleh (pembeli dan pedagang) masyarakat di Kota Palu. Pelaksanaan edukasi pengunaan masker dan pembagian masker kain dapat terlaksana dengan baik. Masyarakat menerima edukasi pengunaan masker serta menggunakan langsung masker kain yang dibagikan
Clinical Phenotypes With Prognostic Implications in Pulmonary Embolism Patients With Syncope
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Xu Xiaomao , Ji Yingqun , Yang Yuanhua , Yi Qun , Chen Hong , Hu Xiaoyun , Liu Zhihong , Mao Yimin , Zhang Jie , Shi Juhong , Lei Jieping , Wang Dingyi , Zhang Zhu , Wu Sinan , Gao Qian , Tao Xincao , Xie Wanmu , Wan Jun , Zhang Yunxia , Zhang Meng , Shao Xiang , Zhang Zhonghe , Fang Baomin , Yang Peiran , Zhai Zhenguo , Wang Chen ,   the China pUlmonary Thromboembolism REgistry Study (CURES) Investigators
Published: February 2022

Objectives

There are conflicting data concerning the prognostic significance of syncope in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). This study aimed to investigate the impact of syncope on clinical outcomes of acute PE, and determine the clinical phenotypes of PE patients with syncope and their correlation with prognosis.

Methods

In the ongoing, national, multicenter, registry study, the China pUlmonary thromboembolism REgistry Study (CURES) enrolling consecutive patients with acute PE, patients with and without syncope were investigated. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using nine variables relevant to syncope and PE, including age, sex, body mass index, history of cardiovascular disease, recent surgery or trauma, malignancy, pulse, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate. Patient classification was performed using cluster analysis based on the PCA-transformed data. The clinical presentation, disease severity and outcomes were compared among the phenotypes.

Results

In 7,438 patients with acute PE, 777 (10.4%) had syncope, with younger age, more females and higher body mass index. Patients with syncope had higher frequency of precordial pain, palpitation, and elevated cardiac biomarkers, as well as higher D-Dimer level. In the syncope group, more patients had right ventricular/left ventricular ratio > 0.9 in ultrasonic cardiogram and these patients had higher estimated pulmonary arterial systolic pressure compared with patients without syncope. As the initial antithrombotic treatment, more patients with syncope received systemic thrombolysis. Despite a higher prevalence of hemodynamic instability (OR 7.626, 95% CI 2.960–19.644, P < 0.001), syncope did not increase in-hospital death. Principal component analysis revealed that four independent components accounted for 60.3% of variance. PE patients with syncope were classified into four phenotypes, in which patients with high pulse and respiratory rate had markedly higher all-cause mortality during admission.

Conclusion

Syncope was associated with hemodynamic instability and more application of thrombolysis, without increasing in-hospital deaths. Different clinical phenotypes existed in PE patients with syncope, which might be caused by various mechanisms and thus correlated with clinical outcomes.
Daily Spatial Complete Soil Moisture Mapping Over Southeast China Using CYGNSS and MODIS Data
Authors: Yang Ting , Sun Zhigang , Wang Jundong , Li Sen
Published: February 2022

Daily spatial complete soil moisture (SM) mapping is important for climatic, hydrological, and agricultural applications. The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) is the first constellation that utilizes the L band signal transmitted by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites to measure SM. Since the CYGNSS points are discontinuously distributed with a relativity low density, limiting it to map continuous SM distributions with high accuracy. The Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) product (i.e., vegetation index [VI] and land surface temperature [LST]) provides more surface SM information than other optical remote sensing data with a relatively high spatial resolution. This study proposes a point-surface fusion method to fuse the CYGNSS and MODIS data for daily spatial complete SM retrieval. First, for CYGNSS data, the surface reflectivity (SR) is proposed as a proxy to evaluate its ability to estimate daily SM. Second, the LST output from the China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS, 0.0625° × 0.0625°) and MODIS LST (1 × 1 km) are fused to generate spatial complete and temporally continuous LST maps. An Enhanced Normalized Vegetation Supply Water Index (E-NVSWI) model is proposed to estimate SM derived from MODIS data at high spatial resolution. Finally, the final SM estimation model is constructed from the back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) fusing the CYGNSS point, E-NWSVI data, and ancillary data, and applied to get the daily continuous SM result over southeast China. The results show that the estimation SM are comparable and promising (R = 0.723, root mean squared error [RMSE] = 0.062 m3 m−3, and MAE = 0.040 m3 m−3 vs. in situ, R = 0.714, RMSE = 0.057 m3 m−3, and MAE = 0.039 m3 m−3 vs. CLDAS). The proposed algorithm contributes from two aspects: (1) validates the CYGNSS derived SM by taking advantage of the dense in situ networks over Southeast China; (2) provides a point-surface fusion model to combine the usage of CYGNSS and MODIS to generate the temporal and spatial complete SM. The proposed approach reveals significant potential to map daily spatial complete SM using CYGNSS and MODIS data at a regional scale.
Current Slip and Strain Rate Distribution Along the Ganzi-Yushu-Xianshuihe Fault System Based on InSAR and GPS Observations
Authors: Zhang Wenting , Ji Lingyun , Zhu Liangyu , Liu Chuanjin , Jiang Fengyun , Xu Xiaoxue
Published: February 2022

The Ganzi-Yushu-Xianshuihe fault (GYXSF), a large strike-slip fault located on the east side of the Tibetan Plateau, has seen high seismic activity in recent years. However, despite the earthquake risk posed by this fault, there is a lack of high-resolution geodetic survey results regarding the current slip rate. We have used 4-track ascending and 5-track descending Sentinel-A/B SAR Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data from 2014 to 2020, to obtain the current slip rate of the entire GYXSF within the radar’s line of sight (LOS), with high resolution. Both InSAR and published Global Positioning System (GPS) data were integrated to calculate a high-resolution three-dimensional deformation field and strain rate field of the GYXSF. We have also used the screw dislocation model to calculate current slip rates in the fault-parallel direction at 20 km intervals. The key findings of our study are as follows. (1) The current slip rate of the GYXSF is segmental: the slip rate of the Ganzi-Yushu fault (GYF) gradually increases from ∼1 to ∼6 mm/yr from the north-west to the southeast, while the slip rate of the Xianshuihe fault (XSF) increases from ∼8.5 to ∼12 mm/yr from the north-west to the southeast. (2) There are non-negligible post-earthquake deformations along the GYXSF, and our best fitting results show that an approximately 100 km long section of the GYF has undergone post-seismic after-slip in the 4–10 years since the 2010 Yushu M 6.9 earthquake, with a maximum creep of ∼2.2 mm/yr (3) The strain rate is dispersed in the GYF region but concentrated on the fault in the XSF region. There is also a measurable strain rate on secondary faults north of the GYXSF, implying the seismic hazard of these secondary faults cannot be ignored. (4) The continuous deformation and block-like models are the best models to explain the observations and deformation characteristics of the GYF and XSF, respectively.
Physical Activity and Subsequent Change in Body Weight, Composition and Shape: Effect Modification by Familial Overweight
Authors: Specht Ina Olmer , Heitmann Berit Lilienthal , Larsen Sofus Christian
Published: February 2022

Background

Physical activity (PA) has been shown to attenuate the genetic risk of obesity as measured using polygenic risk scores. However, familial obesity history might be an easier predictor. We examined associations between PA and subsequent changes in BMI, body fat percentage (BF%) and waist circumference (WC) among participants with and without adiposity and a familial overweight.

Methods

In total, 1971 participants from the Danish MONICA cohort were included. Mean differences for 6-year changes in BMI, BF% and WC across PA levels were estimated. Association between walking and biking and subsequent change in adiposity were analysed. Effect modification by familial obesity was assessed by adding product terms to the models.

Results

We observed weak associations between leisure PA level and changes in WC [participants with low PA: 3.4 cm (95%CI: 2.8;4.0), participants with high PA: 2.4 cm (95%CI: 1.8;3.0)], with no evidence of effect modification by familial obesity. We found effect modification in analyses on walking and biking in relation to changes in BMI (P-interaction<0.01) and BF% (P-interaction=0.04), suggesting lower gain with more hours of activity among participants with adiposity and familial overweight.

Conclusions

The results were modest but suggested that PA, especially walking and biking, may prevent future adiposity.