bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMIKIRAN ABRAHAM GEIGER PRESFEKTIF AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Taufikurrahman
Published: July 2022

Salah satu hasil penelitian orientalis yang cukup menarik untuk dikaji adalah masalah keimanan para sarjana Muslim saat ini adalah al-Qur’an yang dianggap sebagai imitasi ajaran agama Yahudi. Statemen ini muncul dari salah seorang orientalis beragama Yahudi yaitu Abraham Geiger. Berbagai ragam kajian orientelis tentang Islam sudah dimulai sejak permulaan abad ke-19, mulai dari kajian seputar al-Qur`an, hadis, fiqh, dan lain-lain. Salah satu tokoh orientalis yang mengkaji Islam dari aspek al-Qur`an adalah Abraham Geiger. Gaiger berpendapat ada beberapa aspek dari al-Qur’an yang diadopsidari tradisi Yahudi. Berdasakan alasan tersebut, maka penulis tertarik untuk mengkaji tema ini lebih jauh. Penelitian ini adalah kajian kepustakaan, dengan metode diskriptif-analisis.
PENAFSIRAN ALI ASH-SHABUNI TENTANG AYAT-AYAT ZINA
Authors: Riyadi Ridho Riyadi
Published: July 2022

In Islam, adultery is a very bad act and a big sin for the perpetrator. However, in modern times, it is not uncommon for Muslims to know about the prohibition of adultery but still do it. Therefore this paper tries to explore further the interpretation of adultery (zina) according to Ash-Shabuni in the Shafwatu Tafasir commentary book. This study uses a library research method, which is a research whose data collection method is based on literature from scientific books related to the problem of adultery. The results of the research according to Ash-Shabuni zina for unmarried adulterers (ghairu muhsan) were beaten a hundred times and exiled for a year while adultery for married offenders (muhsan) was stoned to death.
Kenevirde THC ve CBD Faktörlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BEŞİR Ayşegül , YAZICI BEKTAŞ Nurdan , MORTAŞ Mustafa , YAZICI Fehmi
Published: July 2022

Kenevir geçmişten beri değişik amaçlarla kullanılmış ve günümüzde de kenevire olan ilgi giderek artmasına karşın bir dönem boyunca kenevir bitkisinden uzak kalınmıştır. Tüketicinin kenevire karşı olumsuz düşüncesinin sebebi, bitkinin psikoaktif madde içeriğine sahip olmasıdır. Sanılanın aksine, endüstriyel amaçla ekilen kenevir, psikoaktif madde içeriği azaltılmış ve tüketimi destekleyici olarak yasal sınırları belirlenmiş kenevir çeşididir. Kenevir bünyesinde bulunan ve psikoaktif etkiden sorumlu trans-Δ9-tetrahidrokannabinol (THC), endüstriyel kenevir üretiminde dikkat edilmesi gereken sakıncalı bir bileşen olmasına karşın aynı molekül ağırlığına sahip olan kannabidiol (CBD) ise kronik ve nonkronik ağrılar için analjezik, antiepileptik, antibakteriyel, antiinflamatuar, antikanserojen, antidiyabetik, antidepresan özellik gösteren ve psikoaktif olmayan bir bileşiktir. Protein kaynağı amaçlı gıda olarak kullanılan kenevir tohumunda ise THC bileşenine rastlanmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, aynı moleküler özelliğe sahip olan trans-Δ9-tetrahidrokannabinol (THC) ve kannabidiol (CBD) bileşiklerinin kimyasal özellikleri, sağlık üzerine etkileri, ilgili yasal sınırlar ve bileşikler üzerine yapılan araştırmalar incelenerek derlenmiştir.
Analysis of the Robustness of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rizal Fitra
Published: July 2022

AbstractCovid-19 impacts various sectors of people's lives, including the Islamic finance sector. This study aims to determine the robustness of Islamic Commercial Banks during the Covid-19 pandemic using the Risk-Based Bank Rating (RBBR) method or better known as the RGEC method covering the Risk Profile, Earning, and Capital of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia from January 2019 to December 2021. The type of research in this study is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the average NPF ratio was 2.98%, indicating that the Islamic Commercial Banks were robust. The average ROA ratio of 1.56% indicates that the Islamic Commercial Banks are in a very robust condition. And the average CAR ratio of 22.64% indicates that the Islamic Commercial Banks are in a very robust condition. This fact shows that the robust condition of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic is very robust and stable. AbstrakCovid-19 benar-benar memberikan dampak di berbagai sektor kehidupan masyarakat, termasuk sektor keuangan syariah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesehatan Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) Indonesia selama masa pandemi Covid-19 dengan metode Risk Based Bank Rating (RBBR) atau yang lebih dikenal sebagai metode RGEC mencakup Risk Profile, Earning dan Capital BUS di Indonesia dari Januari 2019 sampai Desember 2021. Jenis penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, rata-rata rasio NPF sebesar 2,98% menunjukkan bahwa BUS dalam kondisi yang sehat. Rata-rata rasio ROA sebesar 1,56 % menunjukkan bahwa BUS dalam kondisi yang sangat sehat. Dan rata-rata rasio CAR sebesar 22,64 % menunjukkan bahwa BUS dalam kondisi yang sangat sehat. Fakta tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kondisi kesehatan Bank Umum Syariah di Indoneseia pada masa pandemi Covid-19 sangat sehat dan stabil.
Intention to Purchase Halal Cosmetic Products in an Islamic Pakistani Culture
Authors: Hussain Zahid
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of Muslim customers' purchases of halal cosmetic products in Pakistan. Multiple linear regressions were used in this study. The data was collected from 223 Muslims who were all over the age of 18. Product quality, religious belief, halal awareness, personal societal perception, and halal certification were five of the six hypotheses tested. Results were found to have a significant impact on customer intentions to buy halal cosmetic products in Pakistan. According to the findings, customers' intentions to purchase halal cosmetics are influenced by brand perception. According to the findings of this study, halal certification is the most important factor influencing customer intentions to buy halal cosmetics.
Blockchain in Petroleum Industry
Authors: Mr. Swapnil Sudhakar Sakhare  , Prof. Dr. Pratibha Deshmukh
Published: July 2022

Blockchain technology has been developed for more than ten years and has become a trend in various industries. As the oil and gas industry is gradually shifting toward intelligence and digitalization, many large oil and gas companies were working on blockchain technology in the past two years because of it can significantly improve the management level, efficiency, and data security of the oil and gas Industry. This paper aims to let more people in the oil and gas industry understand the blockchain and lead more thinking about how to apply the blockchain technology. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the earliest papers on the review of the blockchain system in the oil and gas industry. This paper first presents the relevant theories and core technologies of the blockchain, and then describes how the blockchain is applied to the oil & gas industry from four aspects: trading, management and decision making, supervision, and cyber security. Finally, the application status, the understanding level of the blockchain in the oil and gas industry, opportunities, challenges, and risks and development trends are analysed.
Improve Holistic Health through Yoga and Naturopathy
Authors: Vidya Sagar Raturi  , Dr. Saraswati Kala
Published: July 2022

Yoga has gained popularity recently among people of all ages. It takes a broad, holistic approach that aims to educate individuals new ways of living, thinking, and being in the world. However, it is also discovered to have a wide range of therapeutic properties during the procedure. A person is likely to discover that some of his more specialised challenges tend to vanish by attention to techniques for enhancing, recovering, or maintaining general good health. Clinical studies have supported several of yoga's therapeutic advantages. The most significant advantages of yoga are its use in reducing stress, exhaustion, restoring energy, and vitality, as well as its anti-aging and relaxation treatment applications. Celebrities, leaders in business and government, and people from practically all walks of life are now practising yoga, making it more popular than ever. Yoga means yoke or oneness in Sanskrit. In the practise of yoga, we aim to bring the body and mind into harmony. Yoga is fantastic for enhancing your mental acuity and making you feel younger and healthier. Following yogic methods for maintaining health frequently leads to longer life. One naturally lives a healthier and longer life when all external risks, internal ailments, and behaviours that cause degeneration have been removed.
Smart Electric Cart for Vegetable Vendors
Authors: Mr. Linganagouda R  , Sushma G P  , J S Mohan Kumar  , Adivesh K M  , A Shyam Kiran Kumar
Published: July 2022

Due to urbanization and industrialization, there is a rapid acceleration of migration from rural are to urban area. So urban centers are unable to provide employment to all workforces, so they have to find other opportunities for the settlement in informal sector. Within this informal sector, vendors sell their goods in competitive market. Street vendors are often those who are unable to get regular jobs in the remunerative formal sector on account of their low level of education and skills. They try to solve their livelihoods problems through their own meager financial resource. They are the main distribution channel for a large variety of products of daily consumption like fruits, vegetables, readymade garments, shoes, household gadgets, toys, stationery, newspapers, and magazines and so on. If they were to be eliminated from the urban markets, it would lead to a severe crisis for fruit and vegetable farmers, as well as small scale industries which cannot afford to retail their products through expensive distribution networks in the formal sector. Corona virus sickness has become a big public health issue in 2019. Because of its contact-transparent characteristics, it is rapidly spreading. The use of a face mask is among the most efficient methods for preventing the transmission of the Covid-19 virus. Wearing the face mask alone can cut the chance of catching the virus by over 70%. Consequently, World Health Organization (WHO) advised wearing masks in crowded places as precautionary measures. Because of the incorrect use of facial masks, illnesses have spread rapidly in some locations. To solve this challenge, we needed a reliable mask monitoring system. Numerous government entities are attempting to make wearing a face mask mandatory; this process can be facilitated by using face mask detection software based on AI and image processing techniques. For face mask detection, sanitization and social distancing the approaches mentioned in the article utilize Machine learning, Deep learning, and many other approaches. It will be simple to distinguish between persons having masks and those who are not having masks using all of these ways. The effectiveness of mask detectors must be improved immediately. In this article, we will explain the techniques for face mask detection with a literature review and drawbacks for each technique
Delay in Oversaturated Flow Condition at Signal Controlled Intersection under Heterogeneous Traffic Scenario
Authors: Saha Arpita
Published: July 2022

The delay in travel time varies based on the traffic flow conditions. Undersaturated flow condition requires less time to clear the traffic at the stop line of a signal than oversaturated traffic flow. Several models are available to estimate the delay due to oversaturated flow conditions at intersections but they are mainly based on homogeneous traffic conditions. To address this issue, a modified delay model is developed for oversaturated flow conditions at signal controlled intersections under heterogeneous traffic scenarios. Different ranges of volume capacity ratio have been considered and the duration of the red phase has been added while developing the model. The queue length concept was used for measuring the field delay. The model was generated using the data from three cities and validation was done based on the data of four different cities. Ninety-five percent accuracy in delay estimation was observed using the modified delay model.
Relatos, investigação e jornalismo
Authors: Amaral Muriel Emídio Pessoa do
Published: July 2022

Resenha do livro "Dez dias num hospício", de Nellie Bly.
Lymphadenopathy in the era of COVID-19 vaccination – an oncological dilemma in diagnostic imaging
Authors: Samkowski Jakub , Sklinda Katarzyna , Walecki Jerzy Michał
Published: July 2022

Initial clinical experience with COVID-19 vaccination suggests that approved COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce a strong immune response and thus cause a significantly higher incidence of axillary lymphadenopathy compared with other vaccines. It can therefore be expected to complicate the diagnosis of patients with overt or suspected mali­gnancy, in whom it may be indistinguishable from malignant node involvement. There is a need for guidelines on the appropriate management of unilateral axillary lymph node enlargement. This article studies the available reports on vaccine-associated lymphadenopathy. It also presents a basic strategy for the assessment of axillary lymphadenopathy based on preliminary recommendations and an algorithm. According to these recommendations, screening should be scheduled before or at least 4-6 weeks after the last dose of the vaccine. This will allow reactive adenopathy to resolve and avoid unnecessary and costly axillary lymph node biopsy. Clear and effective communication between patients, radiologists, referring physician teams, and the general public is the way forward in the management of adenopathy following COVID-19 vaccination.

Herein we present 5 cases of lymph node enlargement after mRNA vaccine administration from different authors. Their initial radiological diagnosis raised concerns that they might be metastases. Therefore, radiologists need to include COVID-19 vaccination in the differential diagnosis of patients with unilateral axillary adenopathy. Short-term follow-up of unilateral axillary adenopathy with recent COVID-19 vaccination is an appropriate recommendation.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices towards prevention of Dental Caries among youths aged 15-25 years in Soroti Regional Referral Hospital, Soroti District. A Cross-section Study.
Authors:   , Obuku Stanley , Kalungi Vincent Charles
Published: July 2022

Background: The purpose of the study was to assess; the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward the prevention of dental caries among youths aged 15-25 years in Soroti Regional Referral Hospital, Soroti district. The specific objectives of the study were to assess; the knowledge towards prevention of dental caries among youths aged15-25 years, attitudes towards prevention of dental caries among youths aged 15-25 years, and practices towards prevention of dental caries among youths aged 15-25 years. Methodology: A cross-section study design was employed with sampling technique as a sampling technique. Data was collected from a sample of 50 respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire written in the English language; later analyzed manually; using a scientific calculator, and systematically computed into frequency and percentages using Microsoft excel to generate tables and figures for easy presentations. Results: About practices towards prevention of dental caries among youths aged 15-25 years; results showed that (70%) of the respondents were using fluoridated toothpaste, (90%) commonly used toothpaste and toothbrush, (60%) used to take sugar-containing snacks, and (40%) were eating them daily, (60%) reported a brush and paste as oral cleaning habit that they normally used and (80%) reported cleaning their teeth once daily. Conclusion: The researcher generally concluded that; even though study participants exhibited fair knowledge about the prevention of dental caries but their attitude and practices were not worthy agreeable since almost all respondents had an average attitude towards the prevention of dental caries and also doing some practices that are not in line with the prevention of dental caries. Recommendation; the government together with the ministry of health should improve on the sensitization of people about oral health and put up restrictions that can reduce the accessibility of sugar-containing products like snacks hence preventing dental caries among youths of Soroti district.
Factors influencing Needle Pricks Stick injuries among Dental Health training Students. A Case Study at International Paramedical School, Maya Wakiso District.
Authors:   , Lwanga Othieno Charles
Published: July 2022

Background: NSI is the wound or cut caused by the needles that unintentionally tear/puncture the skin that may result in exposure to contaminated blood and body fluids. Nursing workers are at high risk of exposure to Bloodborne germs i.e. HIV and HBV. The specific objectives were; to assess the knowledge of dental training students, to assess for factors influencing needle stick injuries among dental training students, and to determine the prevalence of needle stick injuries among dental training students at International Paramedical School, Maya, Wakiso District. Methodology: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study employing both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection using structured questionnaires. A sample size of 80 participants was used. Data was analyzed and presented in form of frequency tables, pie charts, and bar graphs. Results: The study findings were as follows; 76.7% knew what a needle stick injury is, 57.8% agreed with the fact that needle prick injuries are a danger to health, and HIV and Hepatitis B were the most commonly known diseases that can be transmitted by needle prick injuries and 17.5% had ever learned about standard precautions for needle stick injuries.76(95%) had ever had needle stick injuries, most males (61.3%) had needle sticks injury Conclusion: there was fair knowledge, which still needs to be improved, males get more NSIs compared to females, and most injuries are got during recapping of needles and suturing. Recommendation: The students should report every case of needle stick injuries so that appropriate actions can be taken.
Facebook as a marketing tool to inform South African millennials on social issues
Authors:   , Mdletshe Thenjiwe Slindile
Published: July 2022

Social networking is the use of dedicated websites and applications to interact with other users sharing interests, activities, backgrounds or real life events. The use of social media has been predominantly reported among young adults, accounting for about 93% of all users. Social networking websites such as Facebook, Twitter and Skype are member based Internet communities that permit users to share views, perceptions and ideologies. Social media influences youth development, most especially among the millennials who invest approximately seven hours per day with media. More so, the social media shapes the millennials perception, ideology and principles. Bearing this in mind, this tool can serve as an effective tool for bringing both social awareness among youths and the society at large. Therefore, this study sought to determine how Facebook can be used as an effective social awareness tool among millennials. The current study focused on Facebook as it has the highest number of subscribers globally, and also due to its wide acceptance among South African Millennials in tertiary intuitions. Questionnaires were distributed to a total of 400 undergraduate students. These included 150 students from the Durban University of Technology, 125 from the Mangosuthu University of Technology; and 125 from the University of KwaZulu-Natal. The study revealed that millennials are digital natives and their lives are basically lived through the internet and technology. Based on the findings the majority of millennials spend between at least two to well over six hours every day on social media. This proves that Facebook as a social network can be used to reach out and provide much needed information to millennials.
Theoretical and practical aspects of modern scientific research
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Ukraine, SHPAK Viktor ,   State Institution "Research Institute of Psychiatry of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine"
Published: July 2022

Interdisciplinary research of modern trends in science and its practical application
Is sharing just a function of viewing? The sharing of political and non-political news on Facebook
Authors: Trilling Damian , Kulshrestha Juhi , De Vreese Claes , Halagiera Denis , Jakubowski Jakub , Möller Judith , Puschmann Cornelius , Stępińska Agnieszka , Stier Sebastian , Vaccari Cristian
Published: July 2022

How is political news shared online? This fundamental question for political communication research in today’s news ecology is still poorly understood. In particular, very little is known about whether and how news sharing differs from news viewing. Based on a unique dataset of ≈ 870,000 URLs shared ≈ 100 million times on Facebook, grouped by countries, age brackets, and months, we study the correlates of viewing versus sharing of political versus non-political news. We first identify websites that at least occasionally contain news items, and then analyze metrics of the news items published on these websites. We enrich the dataset with natural language processing and super- vised machine learning. We find that political news items are viewed less than non-political news items, but are shared more than one would expect based on their views. Furthermore, the source of a news item and textual features, which are often studied in clickbait research and in commercial A/B testing, matter. Our findings are conditional on age, but are very similar across four different countries (Italy, Germany, Netherlands, Poland). While our research design does not allow for causal claims, our findings suggest that future work is well-advised to both theoretically and methodologically differentiate between factors that may explain (a) viewing versus sharing of news, and (b) political versus non-political news.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KREATIVITAS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: KUSMIATI KUSMIATI
Published: July 2022

This research is motivated by the low creativity of science students in elementary schools. Education in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 is expected for students to have high creative abilities to be able to solve problems in real life every day. To realize the achievement of these expectations, an innovative and creative learning model is needed, namely Project based Learning. This study aims to determine the effect of the project-based learning model on the creativity of elementary school students. This study uses a quantitative approach with the type of pre-experimental research using a one group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects were students of SD Negeri Kamal 1 Bangkalan, totaling 32 students. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire instrument. Judging from the average creativity of students before being given project-based learning was 24.59 and after being given project-based learning the average value was 34.81, meaning there was an increase of 11.22 so there was a difference before and after the application of the project-based learning model. While the data hypothesis test using the paired sample t test technique obtained a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000 which is smaller than 0.05, it can be concluded that there is an effect of project-based learning on students' creativity. Project based learning is effective in increasing creativity skills in science lessons for fourth graders at the Kamal 1 Public Elementary School Bangkalan.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilatar belakangi rendahnya kreativitas siswa IPA disekolah dasar. Pendidikan di era revolusi industri 4.0 diharapkan peserta didik memiliki kemamampuan kreatifitas yang tinggi agar mampu memecahkan masalah-masalah dalam kehidupan nyata se hari-hari. Untuk mewujudkan ketercapaian harapan tersebut maka diperlukan model pembelajaran yang inovatif dan kreatif yaitu pembelajaran Project based Learning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran project based learning terhadap kreativitas siswa sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian pre eksperimen dengan menggunakan one group pretest-posttest design. Subyek penelitian siswa SD Negeri Kamal 1 Bangkalan yang berjumlah 32 siswa. Tehnik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen angket. Dilihat dari rata-rata kreativitas siswa sebelum diberi project based learning adalah 24,59 dan sesudah diberi project based learning rata nilainya 34.81 berarti ada kenaikan sebesar 11,22 jadi ada perbedaan sebelum dan sesudah penerapan model pembelajaran project based learning. Sedangkan Uji hipotesis data dengan menggunkan teknik paired sampel t test diperoleh nilai sig (2-tailed) 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh model pembelajaran project based learning terhadap kreativitas siswa. Pembelajaran project based learning efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kreativitas dalam pelajaran IPA siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar negeri kamal 1 Bangkalan.
PENERAPAN MEDIA MONOPOLI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KELANCARAN BERBAHASA PADA SISWA KELAS 2 SDN PALESANGGAR 5
Authors: WIDIANTI YUNITA TRI , ISMANIYAH ISMANIYAH , KEHI ALBERTINA NOVIANA , YUYUN HELLENIA , SISWOYO ANDIKA ADINANDA
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine the application of monopoly media to improve language fluency in Grade 2 students of SDN Palesanggar 5. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research with data collection using interviews,observation and dokumentation.This research involved 2nd grade students of SDN Palesanggar 5 Pamekasan. Language is a process carried out to practice communication skills. Language skills are needed from an early age to get the message that a writer wants to convey. Language skills are very useful for everyone, especially children in elementary school education. Language skills are very necessary to keep up with the times, because with language one will gain new knowledge and experience. Action research in two cycles and each cycle includes: planning stage, implementation stage of activities and research results. The results showed that in the first cycle who met the presentase > 70 were 2 students meanwhile, in cycle 2, 11 students met the presentase < 70. Therefore, it can be concluded that monopoly media has a significant influence in improfing launguage fluency.
ABSTRAKPada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Penerapan Media Monopoli Untuk Meningkatkan Kelancaran Berbahasa Pada Siswa Kelas 2 SDN Palesanggar 5. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan hasil belajar,wawancara dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini melibatkan siswa kelas 2 SDN Palesanggar 5 Pamekasan. Berbahasa adalah proses yang dilakukan untuk melatih keterampilan dalam berkomunikasi. Keterampilan berbahasa sangat diperlukan sejak dini untuk memperoleh pesan yang hendak disampaikan oleh seorang penulis. Kemampuan berbahasa sangat bermanfaat untuk semua orang khususnya anak pada pendidikan sekolah dasar. keterampilan berbahasa sangat diperlukan untuk mengikuti perkembangan zaman, karena dengan berbahasa seorang akan memperoleh ilmu pengetahuan dan pengalaman yang baru. Penelitian tindakan dalam dua siklus dan masing-masing siklus meliputi: tahap perencanaan tahap pelaksanaan kegiatan dan hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada siklus pertama yang memenuhi presentase > 70 adalah 2 siswa sedangkan pada siklus 2 yang memenuhi presentase < 70 adalah 10 siswa. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa media monopoli memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dalam meningkatkan kelancaran berbahasa.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN MODUL STRATEGI MEMBACA DALAM MENJAWAB SOAL SOAL TEST TOEFL DALAM PELATIHAN TEST TOEFL
Authors: EDI SYAMSI
Published: July 2022

This study aims to analyze the feasibility of the strategy module in answering the TOEFL test questions in the discourse understanding section. This research uses case study method. The object of the research is 2 trainees who will take the TOEFL test. The research was conducted for 16 meetings. Which consists of 5 competencies, namely answering questions about the main idea, finding answers listed in the discourse, summarizing information in the discourse, answering questions related to vocabulary, concluding the entire discourse. The results of the post test showed that the training participants showed quite a few satisfactory results. An English teacher, the module meets the eligibility criteria both in terms of material and in terms of design. The hypothesis obtained is the possibility that the trainees are not so familiar with the strategies being taught. When answering practice questions they showed quite satisfactory results, because one or two types of indicators were discussed. But when faced with the real test, which consists of several indicators, the trainees have difficulty.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelayakan modul strategi menjawab soal soal test TOEFL bagian pemahaman wacana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode study kasus. Objek penelitiannya adalah 2 orang peserta pelatihan yang akan mengikuti test toefl. Penelitian dilakukan selama 16 kali pertemuan. Yang terdiri dari 5 kompetensi yaitu menjawab pertanyaan tentang ide utama, menemukan jawaban yang tertera pada wacana, menyimpulkan informasi pada wacana, menjawab pertanyaan yang berhubungan dengan kosa kata, menyimpulkan seluruh wacana. Hasil post test menunjukan peserta pelatihan sedikit menunjukan hasil yang cukup memuaskan. Seorang guru Bahasa inggris, modul tersebut memenuhi kriteria kelayakan baik dari segi materi maupun dari segi rancangannya. Hipotesis yang diperoleh adalah kemungkinan peserta pelatihan belum begitu familiar dengan strategi strategi yang diajarkan. Ketika menjawab soal soal latihan mereka menunjukan hasil yang cukup memuaskan, karena yang dibahas satu atau dua jenis indikator. Tetapi ketika dihadapkan pada test yang sesungguhnya, yang terdiri dari beberapa indikator maka peserta pelatihan mengalami kesulitan
An analysis of the annual mobility of Polish Konik horses depending on habitat, season, and time of the day
Authors: Pikuła Ryszard , Zaborski Daniel , Grzesiak Wilhelm , Smugała Mirosław
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to analyse the mobility
of Polish Konik horses in their natural environment. The study was conducted
on a herd of 15 Polish Konik horses in 2018. The Global Positioning System
(GPS) transmitter was used to track the horses' movements. Two habitats
(forest and meadows), four seasons (autumn, winter, spring, and summer), and
four times of the day (morning, midday, evening, and night) were
distinguished. Season, habitat, and time of the day as well as the
interaction among them significantly (p<0.0001) affected the
mobility of Polish Konik horses. The use of the GPS device enabled tracking
of horses' mobility also at night, which made the results more complete
compared with other similar studies.
Budget of nitrous acid (HONO) at an urban site in the fall season of Guangzhou, China
Authors: Yu Yihang , Cheng Peng , Li Huirong , Yang Wenda , Han Baobin , Song Wei , Hu Weiwei , Wang Xinming , Yuan Bin , Shao Min , Huang Zhijiong , Li Zhen , Zheng Junyu , Wang Haichao , Yu Xiaofang
Published: July 2022

Abstract. High concentrations of nitrous acid (HONO) have been
observed in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China in recent years,
contributing to an elevated atmospheric oxidation capacity due to the production of OH
through HONO photolysis. We investigated the budget of HONO at an urban
site in Guangzhou from 27 September to 9 November 2018 using data from a
comprehensive atmospheric observation campaign. During this period, measured concentrations of HONO were
0.02 to 4.43 ppbv, with an average of 0.74 ± 0.70 ppbv.
An emission ratio (HONO/NOx) of 0.9 ± 0.4 % was derived from 11 fresh
plumes. The primary emission rate of HONO at night was calculated to be
between 0.04 ± 0.02 and 0.30 ± 0.15 ppbv h−1
based on a high-resolution NOx emission inventory. Heterogeneous conversion
of NO2 on the ground surface (0.27 ± 0.13 ppbv h−1), primary
emissions from vehicle exhaust (between 0.04 ± 0.02 and
0.30 ± 0.15 ppbv h−1, with a middle value of 0.16 ± 0.07 ppbv h−1), and the homogeneous reaction of NO + OH (0.14 ± 0.30 ppbv h−1) were found to be the three largest sources of HONO at night.
Heterogeneous NO2 conversion on aerosol surfaces (0.03 ± 0.02 ppbv h−1) and soil emission (0.019 ± 0.009 ppbv h−1) were two other minor sources. Correlation analysis shows that
NH3 and the relative humidity (RH) may have participated in the
heterogeneous transformation of NO2 to HONO at night. Dry deposition
(0.41 ± 0.31 ppbv h−1) was the main removal process of HONO at
night, followed by dilution (0.18 ± 0.16 ppbv h−1), while HONO
loss at aerosol surfaces was much slower (0.008 ± 0.006 ppbv h−1). In the daytime, the average primary emission Pemis was 0.12 ± 0.02 ppbv h−1, and the homogeneous reaction POH+NO was
0.79 ± 0.61 ppbv h−1, larger than the unknown source
PUnknown (0.65 ± 0.46 ppbv h−1). Similar to previous
studies, PUnknown appeared to be related to the photo-enhanced
conversion of NO2. Our results show that primary emissions and the reaction of NO + OH can
significantly affect HONO at a site with intensive emissions during both the
daytime and nighttime. Uncertainty in parameter values assumed in
the calculation of HONO sources can have a strong impact on the relative
importance of HONO sources at night, and could be reduced by improving
knowledge of key parameters such as the NO2 uptake coefficient. The
uncertainty in the estimated direct emission can be reduced by using emission
data with higher resolution and quality. Our study highlights the importance
of better constraining both conventional and novel HONO sources by reducing
uncertainties in their key parameters for advancing our knowledge of this
important source of atmospheric OH.
Reconstruction of precipitating electrons and three-dimensional structure of a pulsating auroral patch from monochromatic auroral images obtained from multiple observation points
Authors: Fukizawa Mizuki , Sakanoi Takeshi , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Ogawa Yasunobu , Hosokawa Keisuke , Gustavsson Björn , Kauristie Kirsti , Kozlovsky Alexander , Raita Tero , Brändström Urban , Sergienko Tima
Published: July 2022

Abstract. In recent years, aurora observation networks using
high-sensitivity cameras have been developed in the polar regions. These
networks allow dimmer auroras, such as pulsating auroras (PsAs), to be
observed with a high signal-to-noise ratio. We reconstructed the horizontal
distribution of precipitating electrons using computed tomography with
monochromatic PsA images obtained from three observation points. The
three-dimensional distribution of the volume emission rate (VER) of the PsA
was also reconstructed. The characteristic energy of the reconstructed
precipitating electron flux ranged from 6 to 23 keV, and the peak altitude
of the reconstructed VER ranged from 90 to 104 km. We evaluated the results
using a model aurora and compared the model's electron density with the
observed one. The electron density was reconstructed correctly to some
extent, even after a decrease in PsA intensity. These results suggest that
the horizontal distribution of precipitating electrons associated with PsAs
can be effectively reconstructed from ground-based optical observations.
Numerical Assessment of Morphological and Hydraulic Properties of Moss, Lichen and Peat from a Permafrost Peatland
Authors: Cazaurang Simon , Marcoux Manuel , Pokrovsky Oleg S. , Loiko Sergey V. , Lim Artem G. , Audry Stéphane , Shirokova Liudmila S. , Orgogozo Laurent
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The hydraulic properties of ground vegetation cover are important for high resolution hydrological modeling of permafrost regions, due to its insulating and draining role. In this study, the morphological and effective hydraulic properties of Western Siberian Lowland ground vegetation samples (lichens, Sphagnum mosses, peat) are numerically assessed based on tomography scans. After numerical pre-processing, porosity is estimated through a void voxels counting algorithm, showing the existence of representative elementary volumes (REV) of porosity for most samples. Then, two methods are used to estimate hydraulic conductivity depending on the sample’s homogeneity. For the most homogeneous samples, Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of a single-phase flow are performed, leading to a definition of hydraulic conductivity related to REV, which is larger than those obtained for porosity. For more heterogeneous samples, no adequate REV may be defined. To bypass this issue, a pore network representation of the whole sample is created from computerized scans. Morphological and hydraulic properties are then estimated through this simplified representation. Both methods converged on similar results for porosity. Some discrepancies are observed in the morphological properties (specific surface area). Hydraulic conductivity fluctuates by two orders of magnitude, depending on the method used, and yet this uncertainty is less than that found in experimental studies. Therefore, biological and sampling artifacts are predominant over numerical biases. Porosity values are in line with previous values found in the literature, showing that arctic cryptogamic cover can be considered as an open and well-connected porous medium (over 99 % of overall porosity is open porosity). Meanwhile, digitally estimated hydraulic conductivity is higher compared to previously obtained results based on field and laboratory experiments. This could be related to compressibility effects, occurring during field or laboratory measurements. Thus, some supplementary studies are compulsory for assessing syn-sampling and syn-measurement perturbations in experimentally estimated, effective hydraulic properties of such a biological porous medium.
Methane flux estimates from continuous atmospheric measurements and surface-water observations in the northern Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay
Authors: Vogt Judith , Risk David , Azetsu-Scott Kumiko , Edinger Evan N. , Sherwood Owen A.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Vast amounts of methane (CH4) stored in permafrost and submarine sediments are susceptible to release in a warming Arctic, further exacerbating climate change in a positive feedback. It is therefore critical to monitor CH4 over pan-regional scales to detect early signs of CH4 release. However, our ability to monitor CH4 is hampered in remote northern regions by sampling and logistical constraints and few good baseline data exist in many areas. To create a baseline study of current background levels of CH4 in North Atlantic waters, we collected continuous real-time atmospheric CH4 data, along with ambient air temperature and wind parameters over 22 days in summer 2021 on a roughly 5100 km voyage in the northern Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay up to 71° N. In addition, we measured CH4 concentrations in the water column using discrete water samples at selected stations. Measured atmospheric mixing ratios of CH4 ranged from 1944.7 ppb to 2012.0 ppb, with a mean of 1966.0±7.4 ppb and a baseline of 1954.2−1980.6 ppb. Dissolved CH4 concentrations in the near-surface water peaked at 56.58±0.05 nM within 1 km down-current of a known cold seep at Scott Inlet but were consistently super-saturated throughout the water column in Southwind Fjord, which is an area recently affected by submarine landslides. Local sea-air CH4 fluxes ranged from 0.1−14.1 µmol m-2 d-1 indicating that the ocean acted as a CH4 source to the atmosphere. Atmospheric CH4 levels were also driven by meteorological, spatial, and temporal variations. Highest atmospheric CH4 mixing ratios were detected in the Cumberland Sound in Nunavut, suggesting onshore sources from nearby waterbodies and wetlands, whereas ocean-based contributions at this location could not be ruled out. Coupled real-time measurements of marine and atmospheric CH4 data have the potential to provide ongoing monitoring in a region susceptible to CH4 releases, as well as critical validation data for global-scale measurements and modelling.
A deep learning approach to increase the value of satellite data for PM2.5 monitoring in China
Authors: Li Bo , Liu Cheng , Hu Qihou , Sun Mingzhai , Zhang Chengxin , Zhang Shulin , Zhu Yizhi , Liu Ting , Guo Yike , Carmichael Gregory R. , Gao Meng
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Limitations in the current capability of monitoring PM2.5 adversely impact air quality management and health risk assessment of PM2.5 exposure. Commonly, ground-based monitoring networks are established to measure the PM2.5 concentrations in highly populated regions and protected areas such as national parks, yet large gaps exist in spatial coverage. Satellite-derived aerosol optical properties serve to complement the missing spatial information of ground-based monitoring networks. However, such attempts are hampered under cloudy/hazy conditions or during nighttime. Here we strive to overcome the long-standing restriction that surface PM2.5 cannot be constrained with satellite remote sensing under cloudy/hazy conditions or during nighttime. We introduce a deep spatiotemporal neural network (ST-NN) and demonstrate that it can artfully fill these observational gaps. We use sensitivity analysis and visualization technology to open the neural network black box data model, and quantitatively discuss the potential impact of the input data on the target variables. This technique provides ground-level PM2.5 concentrations with high spatial resolution (0.01°) and 24-hour temporal coverage. Better constrained spatiotemporal distributions of PM2.5 concentrations will help improve health effects studies, atmospheric emission estimates, and predictions of air quality.
National CO2 budgets (2015–2020) inferred from atmospheric CO2 observations in support of the Global Stocktake
Authors: Byrne Brendan , Baker David F. , Basu Sourish , Bertolacci Michael , Bowman Kevin W. , Carroll Dustin , Chatterjee Abhishek , Chevallier Frédéric , Ciais Philippe , Cressie Noel , Crisp David , Crowell Sean , Deng Feng , Deng Zhu , Deutscher Nicholas M. , Dubey Manvendra , Feng Sha , García Omaira , Griffith David W. T. , Herkommer Benedikt , Hu Lei , Jacobson Andrew R. , Janardanan Rajesh , Jeong Sujong , Johnson Matthew S. , Jones Dylan B.  A. , Kivi Rigel , Liu Junjie , Liu Zhiqiang , Maksyutov Shamil , Miller John B. , Miller Scot M. , Morino Isamu , Notholt Justus , Oda Tomohiro , O’Dell Christopher W. , Oh Young-Suk , Ohyama Hirofumi , Patra Prabir K. , Peiro Hélène , Petri Christof , Philip Sajeev , Pollard David F. , Poulter Benjamin , Remaud Marine , Schuh Andrew , Sha Mahesh K. , Shiomi Kei , Strong Kimberly , Sweeney Colm , Té Yao , Tian Hanqin , Velazco Voltaire A. , Vrekoussis Mihalis , Warneke Thorsten , Worden John R. , Wunch Debra , Yao Yuanzhi , Yun Jeongmin , Zammit-Mangion Andrew , Zeng Ning
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Accurate accounting of emissions and removals of CO2 is critical for the planning and verification of emission reduction targets in support of the Paris Agreement. Here, we present a pilot dataset of country-specific net carbon exchange (NCE; fossil plus terrestrial ecosystem fluxes) and terrestrial carbon stock changes aimed at informing countries’ carbon budgets. These estimates are based on "top-down" NCE outputs from the v10 Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) modeling intercomparison project (MIP), wherein an ensemble of inverse modeling groups conducted standardized experiments assimilating OCO-2 column-averaged dry-air mole fraction (XCO2) retrievals (ACOS v10), in situ CO2 measurements, or combinations of these data. The v10 OCO-2 MIP NCE estimates are combined with "bottom-up" estimates of fossil fuel emissions and lateral carbon fluxes to estimate changes in terrestrial carbon stocks, which are impacted by anthropogenic and natural drivers. These flux and stock change estimates are reported annually (2015–2020) as both a global 1° × 1° gridded dataset and as a country-level dataset. Across the v10 OCO-2 MIP experiments, we obtain increases in the ensemble median terrestrial carbon stocks of 3.29–4.58 PgCO2 yr-1 (0.90–1.25 PgC yr-1). This is a result of broad increases in terrestrial carbon stocks across the northern extratropics, while the tropics generally have stock losses but with considerable regional variability and differences between v10 OCO-2 MIP experiments. We discuss the state of the science for tracking emissions and removals using top-down methods, including current limitations and future developments towards top-down monitoring and verification systems.
Assimilation of GPM-retrieved ocean surface meteorology data for two snowstorm events during ICE-POP 2018
Authors: Li Xuanli , Roberts Jason B. , Srikishen Jayanthi , Case Jonathan L. , Petersen Walter A. , Lee Gyuwon , Hain Christopher R.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. As a component of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration's (NASA's) Weather Focus Area and Global Precipitation
Measurement (GPM) Ground Validation participation in the International
Collaborative Experiments for the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games' (ICE-POP 2018) field research and forecast demonstration programs, hourly ocean surface meteorology properties were retrieved from the GPM microwave observations for January–March 2018. In this study, the
retrieved ocean surface meteorological products – 2 m temperature, 2 m
specific humidity, and 10 m wind speed – were assimilated into a regional
numerical weather prediction (NWP) framework. This explored the application of
these observations for two heavy snowfall events during the ICE-POP 2018, on
27–28 February and 7–8 March 2018. The Weather Research and Forecasting
(WRF) model and the community Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) were used to conduct high-resolution simulations and data assimilation
experiments. The results indicate that the data assimilation has a large
influence on surface thermodynamic and wind fields in the model initial
condition for both events. With cycled data assimilation, a significantly
positive influence of the retrieved surface observation was found for the
March case, with improved quantitative precipitation forecasts and reduced
errors in temperature forecasts. A slightly smaller yet positive impact was
also found in the forecast for the February case.