bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The NARCOguide index – a novel parameter for monitoring depth of hypnosis during anaesthesia/sedation with propofol
Authors: Hetzer Florian , Horack Stefan , Küchler Gert , Broscheit Jens
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

The NARCOguide algorithm calculates an EEG-derived index to monitor the hypnotic component of anaesthesia.

OBJECTIVE

This study evaluates the accuracy of the index calculated by NARCOguide against the Narcotrend index as a reference. Secondly, the automatic detection of burst-suppression patterns as represented by the burst suppression ratio was compared.

DESIGN

Comparative study to assess the agreement between two medical devices.

SETTING

At two study centres, patient data were collected from a total of 40 adults receiving general anaesthesia or sedation with propofol.

INTERVENTIONS

Patients underwent either general anaesthesia for oral surgery with propofol/remifentanil/rocuronium (study centre 1) or light general anaesthesia/deep sedation with propofol alone for laryngoscopic upper airway exploration (study centre 2).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

In a posthoc analysis, the NARCOguide index was compared with the Narcotrend index. Comparison was made after averaging over 1 min at defined clinical markers using classic linear least squares regression and Bland–Altman plots. Precision and recall for the detection of burst suppression were determined using human scoring as a reference.

RESULTS

Data analysis showed good agreement [Bland–Altman mean difference (MD) = −2.3; limits of agreement = −27.1, to +22.4; n = 1209] and high correlation (r
2 = 0.76) between the depth of anaesthesia index calculated by NARCOguide and Narcotrend. The precision and recall of NARCOguide and Narcotrend for the detection of burst suppression were in a similar range. Over the entire dataset, the NARCOguide algorithm showed higher precision and recall than the Narcotrend algorithm (56% vs. 36% and 68% vs. 58%, respectively).

CONCLUSION

The NARCOguide index can be used to monitor the hypnotic component of anaesthesia in patients undergoing general anaesthesia or sedation with propofol, with a performance similar to that of the Narcotrend index.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Trial registration number: 18020, regulatory authority: Ethikkommission der bayerischen Landesärztekammer, chairman: Dr med. Gerald Quitterer, applicant: Dr Gert Küchler, date of approval: 12. Jun 2018, completion of data collection: 12 December 2018, study completion: 31 March 2022.
Repurposing of the analgesic Neurotropin for MASLD/MASH treatment
Authors: Tsuchiya Takashi , Kim So Yeon , Matsuda Michitaka , Kim Jieun , Stotland Alexsandr , Naiki Mitsuru , Seki Ekihiro
Published: July 2024

Background:

The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has increased in recent decades. Approximately 25% of patients with MASLD progress to metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis, which is characterized by hepatic steatosis plus hepatocyte damage, inflammation, and fibrosis. We previously reported that Neurotropin (NTP), a drug used for relieving pain in Japan and China, inhibits lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. We hypothesized that inhibiting hepatic steatosis and inflammation by NTP can be an effective strategy for treating MASLD and tested this hypothesis in a MASLD mouse model.

Methods:

Six-week-old C57BL/6NJ male mice were fed a normal diet and normal drinking water or a high-fat diet with high fructose/glucose water for 12 weeks. During the last 6 weeks, the mice were also given high-dose NTP, low-dose NTP, or control treatment. Histologic, biochemical, and functional tests were conducted. MitoPlex, a new proteomic platform, was used to measure mitochondrial proteins, as mitochondrial dysfunction was previously reported to be associated with MASLD progression.

Results:

NTP inhibited the development of hepatic steatosis, injury, inflammation, and fibrosis induced by feeding a high-fat diet plus high fructose/glucose in drinking water. NTP also inhibited HSC activation. MitoPlex analysis revealed that NTP upregulated the expression of mitochondrial proteins related to oxidative phosphorylation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, mitochondrial dynamics, and fatty acid transport.

Conclusions:

Our results indicate that NTP prevents the development of hepatic steatosis, injury, and inflammation by preserving mitochondrial function in the liver and inhibits liver fibrosis by suppressing HSC activation. Thus, repurposing NTP may be a beneficial option for treating MASLD/metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis.
Retinoic acid generates a beneficial microenvironment for liver progenitor cell activation in acute liver failure
Authors: Wang Sai , Link Frederik , Munker Stefan , Wang Wenjing , Feng Rilu , Liebe Roman , Li Yujia , Yao Ye , Liu Hui , Shao Chen , Ebert Matthias P.A. , Ding Huiguo , Dooley Steven , Weng Hong-Lei , Wang Shan-Shan
Published: July 2024

Background:

When massive necrosis occurs in acute liver failure (ALF), rapid expansion of HSCs called liver progenitor cells (LPCs) in a process called ductular reaction is required for survival. The underlying mechanisms governing this process are not entirely known to date. In ALF, high levels of retinoic acid (RA), a molecule known for its pleiotropic roles in embryonic development, are secreted by activated HSCs. We hypothesized that RA plays a key role in ductular reaction during ALF.

Methods:

RNAseq was performed to identify molecular signaling pathways affected by all-trans retinoid acid (atRA) treatment in HepaRG LPCs. Functional assays were performed in HepaRG cells treated with atRA or cocultured with LX-2 cells and in the liver tissue of patients suffering from ALF.

Results:

Under ALF conditions, activated HSCs secreted RA, inducing RARα nuclear translocation in LPCs. RNAseq data and investigations in HepaRG cells revealed that atRA treatment activated the WNT-β-Catenin pathway, enhanced stemness genes (SOX9, AFP, and others), increased energy storage, and elevated the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters in a RARα nuclear translocation-dependent manner. Further, atRA treatment–induced pathways were confirmed in a coculture system of HepaRG with LX-2 cells. Patients suffering from ALF who displayed RARα nuclear translocation in the LPCs had significantly better MELD scores than those without.

Conclusions:

During ALF, RA secreted by activated HSCs promotes LPC activation, a prerequisite for subsequent LPC-mediated liver regeneration.
Reliability of Tear Meniscus Height Measurements in Contact Lens Wearers and Its Relationship With Discomfort Symptoms
Authors: Valencia-Nieto Laura , López-de la Rosa Alberto , López-Miguel Alberto , González-García María J.
Published: July 2024

Objectives:

To evaluate the reliability and agreement of tear meniscus height (TMH) measurements performed with a corneal analyzer and optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology in contact lens (CL) wearers and its correlation with contact lens discomfort symptoms.

Methods:

Asymptomatic and symptomatic CL wearers classified through the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 were evaluated with the Corneal Analyzer (Topcon CA-800) and OCT technology (Topcon 3D OCT-2000). The repeatability and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated. The agreement between devices was calculated using the Bland–Altman method. The relationship between TMH measurements and the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 and Contact Lens Discomfort Index scores was assessed through the Spearman correlation coefficient.

Results:

Seventy-nine asymptomatic and 42 symptomatic CL wearers aged 34.24±12.50 years were enrolled. The repeatability values obtained for the CA-800 were 0.07 mm in all cases, and the ICC was 0.93 for the whole sample. The CA-800 provided significantly (P<0.01) higher TMH values than the OCT for the whole sample (0.22±0.08 vs. 0.17±0.06 mm). A weak indirect correlation (ρ=−0.22) between the OCT TMH measurement and Contact Lens Discomfort Index scores was found (P≤0.04).

Conclusion:

The CA-800 provides reliable TMH measurements during CL wear; however, they might not be interchangeable with OCT ones. Tear meniscus height measurements might be useful as a complementary sign to detect CL discomfort, but it cannot be used alone as a diagnostic tool.
Detecting sarcopenia in obesity: emerging new approaches
Authors: Gortan Cappellari Gianluca , Zanetti Michela , Donini Lorenzo Maria , Barazzoni Rocco
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review

Sarcopenic obesity is a likely common, but certainly underestimated obesity phenotype, with an important negative clinical impact. Its definition and diagnosis have however remained elusive until recently.

Recent findings

Substantial progress has been recently made in sarcopenic obesity diagnostic tools, with the first international consensus proposed by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO). Very encouraging results emerge from initial implementation of the ESPEN-EASO algorithm. In addition, even more recent progress in global consensus on sarcopenia conceptual definition is likely to further enhance consistency in sarcopenic obesity identification. The latter Global Leadership Initiative on Sarcopenia (GLIS) initiative also adopted a new definition of muscle specific strength. Its inclusion in sarcopenia diagnostic constructs opens the possibility of its potential evaluation in sarcopenic obesity, also considering the emerging positive impact of obesity treatment and fat loss on muscle functional parameters.

New consensus tools for sarcopenic obesity diagnosis are likely to improve awareness, understanding, identification and treatment of this under-recognized obesity phenotype.
Evolution and Impact of a Diagnostic Point-of-Care Ultrasound Program in a PICU*
Authors: Baker David R. , Glau Christie L. , Himebauch Adam S. , Arnoldi Sara , Rosenblatt Sam , Keim Garrett , Loscalzo Steven M. , Weber Mark D. , Cohen Meryl , Quartermain Michael D. , Kaplan Summer L. , Sutton Robert M. , Nishisaki Akira , Conlon Thomas W.
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate the impact of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) use on clinicians within a PICU and to assess infrastructural elements of our POCUS program development.

DESIGN:

Retrospective observational study.

SETTING:

Large academic, noncardiac PICU in the United States.

SUBJECTS:

Patients in a PICU who had diagnostic POCUS performed.

INTERVENTIONS:

None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:

Between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022, 7201 diagnostic POCUS studies were ordered; 1930 (26.8%) had a quality assurance (QA) record generated in an independent POCUS QA database. The cardiac domain was most frequently imaged (81.0% of ordered studies, 81.2% of reviewed studies). POCUS images changed clinician understanding of pathophysiology in 563 of 1930 cases (29.2%); when this occurred, management was changed in 318 of 563 cases (56.5%). Cardiac POCUS studies altered clinician suspected pathophysiology in 30.1% of cases (472/1568), compared with 21.5% (91/362) in noncardiac studies (p = 0.06). Among cases where POCUS changed clinician understanding, management changed more often following cardiac than noncardiac POCUS (p = 0.02). Clinicians identified a need for cardiology consultation or complete echocardiograms in 294 of 1568 cardiac POCUS studies (18.8%). Orders for POCUS imaging increased by 94.9%, and revenue increased by 159.4%, from initial to final study year. QA database use by both clinicians and reviewers decreased annually as QA processes evolved in the setting of technologic growth and unit expansion.

CONCLUSIONS:

Diagnostic POCUS imaging in the PICU frequently yields information that alters diagnosis and changes management. As PICU POCUS use increased, QA processes evolved resulting in decreased use of our initial QA database. Modifications to QA processes are likely necessary as clinical contexts change over time.
Improving Safety through a Virtual Learning Collaborative
Authors: Durney Jeffrey P. , Catalano Katie M. , Miller D. Marlowe , Starmer Amy J. , Humphrey Kate , Perron Catherine , Stack Anne M.
Published: July 2024

Background:

Frontline healthcare safety leaders require expertise and confidence to manage local safety programs effectively yet are confronted with substantial challenges in identifying risk and reducing harm.

Methods:

We convened a multidisciplinary safety learning collaborative in a children’s hospital pediatric department and used the Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s Breakthrough Series model. Participants attended four virtual education sessions over 13 months (September 2020–September 2021) focused on identifying harm and using tools to improve safety. We analyzed departmental safety data monthly throughout the collaborative. The primary outcome was the development of improvement projects using direct application of the session content. The secondary outcome was participant confidence in improving safety via pre- and postsurveys.

Results:

Seventy clinicians and quality consultants participated. Fifteen divisional safety improvement projects were initiated. The percentage of survey respondents who reported feeling “completely confident” in their ability to improve safety increased from 26% (n = 39) to 58% (n = 26) from September 2020 to September 2021 (P = 0.01) and maintained at 65% 1 year after the end of the collaborative. We observed a decrease in the mean rate of reported inpatient preventable and possibly preventable moderate/serious/catastrophic events per 1000 bedded days from 1.10 (baseline) to 0.71 (intervention period).

Conclusions:

Through a collaborative effort in a virtual learning environment, we facilitated the development of fifteen safety projects, increased leaders’ confidence in improving safety, and saw improved inpatient safety. This approach, which involves healthcare professionals from various disciplines, may be effectively adapted to other settings.
Neisseria leonii sp. nov., isolated from the nose, lung, and liver of rabbits
Authors: Boutroux Martin , Favre-Rochex Sandrine , Gorgette Olivier , Touak Gérald , Mühle Estelle , Bouchier Christiane , Chesneau Olivier , Veyrier Frédéric J. , Clermont Dominique , Rahi Praveen
Published: July 2024

A taxogenomic study of three strains (3986T, 51.81, and JF 2415) isolated from rabbits between 1972 and 2000 led to the description of a new Neisseria species. The highest sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene was found to Neisseria animalis NCTC 10212T (96.7 %). The 16S rRNA gene similarity above 99 % and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values above 96 % among the strains, indicated that they belong to the same species. At the same time, the strains shared ANI values below 81 % and dDDH values below 24 % with all described Neisseria species. In the bac120 gene phylogenetic tree, the three strains clustered near Neisseria elongata and Neisseria bacilliformis in the Neisseria clade. However, the Neisseria clade is not monophyletic, and includes the type strains of Morococcus cerebrosus, Bergeriella denitrificans, Kingella potus, Uruburuella suis, and Uruburuella testudinis. Neisseria shayeganii clustered outside the clade with members of the genus Eikenella. Amino acid identity (AAI) values were calculated, and a threshold of 71 % was used to circumscribe the genus Neisseria. According to this proposed AAI threshold, strains 3986T, 51.81, and JF 2415 were placed within the genus Neisseria. The cells of the three strains were Gram-stain-negative diplococcobacilli and non-motile. Optimal growth on trypticase soy agar occurred at 37 °C and pH 8.5 in aerobic conditions. Notably, all strains exhibited indole production in the API-NH test, which is atypical for Neisseria and the family Neisseriaceae. The strains exhibited a common set of 68 peaks in their MALDI-TOF MS profiles, facilitating the swift and accurate identification of this species. Based on genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strains 3986T, 51.81, and JF 2415 represent a novel species within the genus Neisseria, for which the name Neisseria leonii sp. nov. is proposed (type strain 3986T=R726T=CIP 109994T=LMG 32907T).
EquipFusobacterium nucleatumgenetic tool kits with compatible shuttle vectors and engineered intermediatoryE. colistrains for enhanced transformation efficiency
Authors: Liu Ling , He Yuzhang , Zhang Tingting , Geng Rui , Hu Yongmei , Luo Mingyue , Zhou Hongwei , Liu Xue
Published: July 2024

Fusobacterium nucleatum, an oral microbe, is implicated in various human diseases, including oral-related diseases and tumors. However, efficient transformation was only achieved in limited strains of this bacterium. The challenges in conducting molecular level investigations of most strains due to their genetic intractability have hindered the biological studies ofF. nucleatum. The restriction-modification (RM) systems is one of the known obstacles for efficient DNA transformation. Here, we used single molecule real time sequencing to elucidate the RM recognition sites and the corresponding methyltransferases (MTases) in twoF. nucleatumstrains. Based on the identified MTases, we engineered intermediatoryE. colihost strains to bypass the RM systems, and showed that the plasmids harbored by these intermediatory strains can be efficiently electro-transformed, reaching 5000 transformants per microgram plasmids, paving the way for the development of efficient genetic modification tools. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrated that the conjugation-based DNA delivery toF. nucleatumcan bypass the requirement of MTase methylations. By exploring the native plasmids fromF. nucleatum, we identified new backbones for construction of shuttle vectors and established a dual-plasmid system for the first time, offering new avenues for genetic manipulation in this bacterium. Additionally, we evaluate promoters with variable strengths with a luciferase-based reporter system inF. nucleatum, providing valuable insights for future gene editing studies in bacterium and contributing to our understanding of its pathogenesis. All the tools developed in this study was shared via the WeKwikgene (https://wekwikgene.wllsb.edu.cn/).

Impact Statement

Fusobacterium nucleatum, a key opportunistic pathogen implicated in periodontal diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and tumors, presents significant challenges due to its limited transformation efficiency and lack of gene-editing tools. In this study, we present an advancement -a streamlined and robust pipeline that enhances transformation efficiency by approximately 103-fold inF. nucleatum, reaching 5000 CFU per microgram plasmids. This represents a significant breakthrough, marking the first report to achieve such a remarkable improvement in transformation efficiency in this pathogen. This improvement paves the way for the genome-wide level mutagenesis study in this bacterium.
Is information normalization helpful in online communication? Evidence from online healthcare consultation
Authors: Wang Xuan , Huang Tao , Zhang Wenping , Zeng Qingfeng , Sun Xin
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the role of information normalization in online healthcare consultation, a typical complex human-to-human communication requiring both effectiveness and efficiency. The globalization and digitization trend calls for high-quality information, and normalization is considered an effective method for improving information quality. Meanwhile, some researchers argued that excessive normalization (standardized answers) may be perceived as impersonal, repetitive, and cold. Thus, it is not appreciated for human-to-human communication, for instance, when patients are anxious about their health condition (e.g. with high-risk disease) in online healthcare consultation. Therefore, the role of information normalization in human communication is worthy to be explored.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from one of the largest online healthcare consultation platforms (Dxy.com). This study expanded the existing information quality model by introducing information normalization as a new dimension. Information normalization was assessed using medical templates, extracted through natural language processing methods such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). Patient decision-making behaviors, namely, consultant selection and satisfaction, were chosen to evaluate communication performance.

Findings

The results confirmed the positive impact of information normalization on communication performance. Additionally, a negative moderating effect of disease risk on the relationship between information normalization and patient decision-making was identified. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that information normalization can be enhanced through experiential learning.

Originality/value

These findings highlighted the significance of information normalization in online healthcare communication and extended the existing information quality model. It also facilitated patient decision-making on online healthcare platforms by providing a comprehensive information quality measurement. In addition, the moderating effects indicated the contradiction between informational support and emotional support, enriching the social support theory.
An inclusive extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior for explaining household food leftover reduction intention among Gen Z
Authors: Setiawan Budi , Purwanto Purwanto , Ikasari Wipsar Siwi Dona , Suryadi Suryadi
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to extend the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with the Norm Activation Theory (NAT) and apply these two theories to explain Gen Z’s intention to reduce household food leftovers.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary data were collected online from 386 respondents, selected through a convenience sampling technique from June to August 2023. Established indicators measured each construct adequately, and hypotheses were examined by using a structural equation model with robust maximum likelihood estimation.

Findings

Attitude toward behavior, perceived behavioral control and personal norms built by awareness of consequences and ascription of responsibility were proven to be able to form the intention to reduce household food leftovers. Extending the TPB with the NAT revealed that intention was built based on attitudinal belief, control belief and a feeling of moral obligation that activates personal norms.

Research limitations/implications

Respondent validity needs to be strengthened; injunctive and descriptive norms are still integrated, and the translation of intention into action is yet to be examined

Practical implications

Social marketers boosted behavior change campaigns among Zoomers by emphasizing moral responsibility, promoting awareness and favorable behavioral beliefs through tailored messages and highlighting the ease of reducing household food leftovers.

Originality/value

This study bridged existing research gaps by extending the TPB with the NAT in the context of household routine consumption practices. It offered valuable insights for promoting responsible consumption and reducing household food leftovers among the youth.
Can financial markets help attain carbon goals? Evidence from systematic literature review, bibliometric analysis and topic modelling
Authors: Dawar Gaurav , Nagariya Ramji , Bhatia Shivangi , Dhingra Deepika , Agrawal Monika , Dhaundiyal Pankaj
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper presents a conceptual framework based on an extensive literature review. The aim of this study is to deepen understanding of the relationship between carbon performance and the financial market by applying qualitative research approaches.

Design/methodology/approach

The investigation has identified 372 articles sourced from Scopus databases, subjecting the bibliographic data to a comprehensive qualitative–quantitative analysis. The research uses established protocols for a structured literature review, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, machine learning-based structural topic modelling using Python and bibliometric citation analysis.

Findings

The results identified the leading academic authors, institutions and countries concerning carbon performance and financial markets literature. Quantitative studies dominate this research theme. The study has identified six knowledge clusters using topic modelling related to environmental reporting; price drivers of carbon markets; environmental policy and capital markets; financial development and carbon emissions; carbon risk and financial markets; and environmental performance and firm value. The results of the study also present the opportunities associated with carbon performance and the financial market and propose future research agendas on research through theory, characteristics, context and methodology.

Practical implications

The results of the study offer insights to practitioners, researchers and academicians regarding scientific development, intricate relationships and the complexities involved in the intersection of carbon performance and financial markets. For policymakers, a better understanding of carbon performance and financial markets will contribute to designing policies to set up priorities for countering carbon emissions.

Social implications

The study highlights the critical areas that require attention to limit greenhouse gas emissions and promote decarbonisation effectively. Policymakers can leverage these insights to develop targeted and evidence-based policies that facilitate the transition to a more sustainable and low-carbon economy.

Originality/value

The study initially attempts to discuss the research stream on carbon performance and financial markets literature from a systematic literature review.
Advances in field-effect tube biosensors constructed on silicon nanowires, graphene and carbon nanotubes for heavy metal ion detection
Authors: Yang Xinran , Du Junhui , Chen Hongshuo , Cui Chuanjin , Liu Haibin , Zhang Xuechao
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Field-effect transistor (FET) has excellent electronic properties and inherent signal amplification, and with the development of nanomaterials technology, FET biosensors with nanomaterials as channels play an important role in the field of heavy metal ion detection. This paper aims to review the research progress of silicon nanowire, graphene and carbon nanotube field-effect tube biosensors for heavy metal ion detection, so as to provide technical support and practical experience for the application and promotion of FET.

Design/methodology/approach

The article introduces the structure and principle of three kinds of FET with three kinds of nanomaterials, namely, silicon nanowires, graphene and carbon nanotubes, as the channels, and lists examples of the detection of common heavy metal ions by the three kinds of FET sensors in recent years. The article focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of the three sensors, puts forward measures to improve the performance of the FET and looks forward to its future development direction.

Findings

Compared with conventional instrumental analytical methods, FETs prepared using nanomaterials as channels have the advantages of fast response speed, high sensitivity and good selectivity, among which the diversified processing methods of graphene, the multi-heavy metal ions detection of silicon nanowires and the very low detection limit and wider detection range of carbon nanotubes have made them one of the most promising detection tools in the field of heavy metal ions detection. Of course, through in-depth analysis, this type of sensor has certain limitations, such as high cost and strict process requirements, which are yet to be solved.

Originality/value

This paper elaborates on the detection principle and classification of field-effect tube, investigates and researches the application status of three kinds of FET biosensors in the detection of common heavy metal ions. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each of the three sensors in practical applications, the paper focuses on the feasibility of improvement measures, looks forward to the development trend in the field of heavy metal detection and ultimately promotes the application of field-effect tube development technology to continue to progress, so that its performance continues to improve and the application field is constantly expanding.
Bragging or humblebragging? The impact of travel bragging on viewer behavior
Authors: Yan Huili , Wei Yuzhi , Shen Chenxin , Xiong Hao
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Travel bragging, driven by impression management, is common on social media. However, straightforward bragging can create negative perceptions. To mitigate this, tourists often turn to humblebragging, but its effectiveness is unclear. This study aims to examine whether humblebragging elicits more positive responses from viewers than straightforward bragging.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on social comparison theory and compensation theory, this paper developed a moderated mediation model to explore the impact of bragging type (bragging vs humblebragging) on viewer behavior. The model was validated through two scenario-based experiments.

Findings

The results reveal the double-sword effect of humblebragging: Humblebragging elicits stronger benign and malicious envy than bragging. Benign envy mediates the relationship between bragging type and consumption intention, while malicious envy mediates between bragging type and avoidance/gossip. Perceived deservingness moderates the effect of bragging type on envy and the mediation processes. When viewers perceive the poster’s advantage as deserving, humblebragging elicits more benign envy than bragging. When perceived as undeserving, humblebragging leads to more malicious envy.

Originality/value

This study is innovative in validating the double-edged sword effect of humblebragging and identifying perceived deservingness as a boundary condition.
The onboarding process: a review
Authors: Pinco Ory , Salanta Irina Iulia , Beleiu Ioana Natalia , Crisan Emil Lucian
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, most employees worked from their employers' offices, and new team members were integrated into their roles through standard onboarding procedures. However, in response to the pandemic, organizations quickly reestablished new remote onboarding strategies. As hybrid employment gains popularity, the onboarding process has been affected by the digital transformation (DT) phenomenon, and organizations must now implement remote strategies to onboard new employees.

Design/methodology/approach

In this context, by considering the major changes that happen in the field, the purpose of this article is to provide a literature review of the onboarding process (OP), using the context-interventions-mechanisms-outcomes framework.

Findings

The review identifies four mechanisms describing the complexity of the OP and the impact of DT: basic onboarding, advanced onboarding, integration of newcomers and remote onboarding.

Originality/value

The findings have implications for both HR professionals concerned with onboarding strategy, and researchers studying the OP.
HOW LOCAL PRACTICES OF SOCIOPOLITICAL INNOVATION DEVELOP: And Why This Matters for Urban Transformations
Authors: Van Hulst Merlijn , Durose Catherine , Agger Annika
Published: July 2024

This article addresses a critical gap in extant theorizing of urban transformations by focusing on the political and temporal dimensions of how innovations emerge, develop and become institutionalized into alternative systems of the everyday such as social centres, community gardens or urban commons. Going beyond current approaches, we offer a new understanding of innovations as sociopolitical practices: sets of resourced activities aiming to reshape urban spaces to achieve social and political ends locally. Developing an original theorization of such practices, we identify and differentiate between three sets of activities designed to meet local needs: assembling innovations—identifying and employing a wide variety of local resources within a neighbourhood; extending innovations—broadening the scope of initiatives and making them last; and, institutionalizing innovations, anchoring them in a more formalized structure. Sociopolitical innovations require sustained practices whereby situated agents pragmatically push for change over time. While the ongoing development of systems of the everyday may have limited immediate transformative impact, the reshaping of local resources prefigures an alternative which breaks from, yet is embedded in, everyday urban life. Our theorizing is underpinned by an international qualitative study of neighbourhoods in four European cities: Amsterdam, Birmingham, Copenhagen and Glasgow.
DID INDIA EVER HAVE A RIGHT TO THE CITY MOVEMENT? Rethinking Housing Justice in Violent Times
Authors: Pati Sushmita
Published: July 2024

In this article I look into the weakening state of housing justice in India, especially in the context of the Covid‐19 pandemic and increased state violence. I ask how and why housing rights in India have mostly remained limited in their approach without being able to demand broader access to the city through right to the city discourse. In trying to find answers to this question, I examine housing rights activism in India historically. I show how, while some movements and campaigns organically began to make such broader claims without even invoking the term ‘right to the city’, these efforts were short‐lived and those spaces were taken up by policymakers and courts. In this article I trace how a relative absence of a political language and movements’ growing proximity to the policy world has shaped a very particular trajectory of housing rights in India. Within the context of this relative absence of a right to the city discourse even quiet encroachments of the poor have failed to claim their moral right to the city. In this moment, as the Indian state takes a more hostile turn towards the poor and to civil‐society organizations, I argue that it may be time to rethink ways of bringing back housing to the centre of political struggles in India.
Reframing the debate on legal financial obligations and crime: How accruing monetary sanctions impacts recidivism
Authors: Ostermann Michael , Link Nathan W. , Hyatt Jordan M.
Published: July 2024

Legal financial obligations (LFOs) associated with justice system involvement are increasingly a focus for policymakers and researchers seeking to understand sources of inequality and the factors that promote successful reentry. These conversations often rely on an assumption that LFOs are associated with or may even drive higher rates of recidivism. The empirical research in this area, however, has not kept up with the growing strength of these claims. This study reports findings that may offer a new perspective and contribute to an evidence‐based debate. Multisourced administrative data on all individuals released from carceral supervision in an East Coast state (N = 21,301) over 3 years are used to examine the complex relationship between criminal justice debt and reoffending. We detail the results of survival analyses estimating the impact of these debts on various forms of recidivism. Broadly, we find that even though the relationship between case‐level LFO assessments and future offending did not reach statistical significance, the association with the cumulative effect of monetary sanctions over the life course did. Furthermore, the impact of LFO debt is greater for certain racial groups, supporting theoretical and practical inquiries into factors informing structural disadvantage. Implications for policy and future research are considered.
Editorial: Trajectory of soluble programmed cell death protein‐1 and ligand‐1 in HBV‐infected individuals treated with pegylated interferon—Implications for stopping rules and the HBV cure programme. Authors' reply
Authors: Xie Chan
Published: July 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Chen et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18131 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18142
A rare case of hidradenocarcinoma with anaplastic and invasive features arising from a nodulocystic hidradenoma
Authors: McCrary Myles R. , Beekman Kate E. , Strosberg Carolina , Turner Leslie , Sanik Eugene , Beachkofsky Thomas M.
Published: July 2024

A 91‐year‐old man presented with a cutaneous left abdominal mass. The mass was longstanding (over 5 years) and slow‐growing. Examination revealed a violaceous, multinodular, and exophytic non‐tender mass surrounded by patchy erythema. Excisional biopsy was performed and revealed a nodular and cystic dermal proliferation of predominately basaloid cells with focal duct formation, surrounded by prominent hyalinized stroma. The superficial portion of the mass was identified as a nodulocystic hidradenoma. Along the deep aspect and in association with the benign hidradenoma, sheets of markedly atypical epithelioid cells invaded the surrounding tissue, consistent with malignant transformation. Perineural and lymphovascular invasion were seen among areas with anaplastic features. This case supports that some hidradenocarcinoma originates from benign counterparts, and as such, ample sampling is required to definitively exclude a more sinister diagnosis. Diagnostic, prognostic, histopathological, and molecular characteristics, and current knowledge limitations are briefly discussed.
Assessing T‐cell receptor clonality by next‐generation sequencing in atypical cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates and cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: A scoping review
Authors: Shinohara Michi M. , Rieger Kerri E. , Sundram Uma , Fung Maxwell A. , Hristov Alexandra C.
Published: July 2024

The diagnosis of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) remains challenging. Demonstration of a clonal T‐cell population using T‐cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement studies by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has been explored in several studies. This review summarizes the current literature on NGS‐based sequencing methods for the assessment of TCR clonality in the evaluation of atypical cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates and CTCL on behalf of the American Society of Dermatopathology Appropriate Use Criteria Committee (lymphoproliferative subgroup). PubMed was searched for relevant articles, including CTCL and NGS, for clonality from 1967 to 2022. Thirteen studies were included in the analysis. The skin was the most commonly assayed compartment with TCR NGS. Sensitivity for TCR NGS in the skin ranged between 69% and 100%, compared to 44%–72% for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐capillary electrophoresis. Specificity for TCR NGS in the skin ranged from 86% to 100%, compared to 77%–88% for PCR capillary electrophoresis. TCR NGS was also reported to have potential prognostic value in CTCL and can also be used to detect relapse and/or minimal residual disease after treatment.
Characteristics of pipestems from acid sulfate soils of Finland and Australia
Authors: Yli‐Halla Markku , Sullivan Leigh
Published: July 2024

This study describes iron (Fe) pipestems formed around and within root channels during the development of a homogeneous unripe sulfidic sediment into a ripe soil where redox‐ or pH‐active elements segregate. Pipestems and adjacent soil material samples were characterised by chemical and mineralogical analyses and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) associated with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Pipestems occurred at 60–190 cm and at 30–130 cm in a young Finnish soil and a more mature Australian soil, respectively, while sulfidic materials were found below 170–180 cm. The pipestems consisted of mineral grains cemented together by Fe precipitate. There was an up to 24‐fold enrichment of Fe and an up to 13‐fold enrichment of sulfur (S) in the Finnish pipestems compared to the adjacent soil material, whereas the corresponding enrichment in the Australian soil was up to 27‐fold for Fe and up to 8‐fold for S. In the Australian pipestem matrices, the Fe concentration was as high as 40% compared to 14% in the Finnish ones. It was estimated that about 70 ton ha−1 S had been mobilised from the sulfidic material in the Finnish soil at the depth of 50–150 cm. Part of S has leached out but a substantial amount remained in the soil constituting the stock of retained acidity. Almost all pipestems contained a new solid phase precipitated within the former cortex cells of the plant roots. In the Finnish samples, this precipitate consisted of jarosite and schwertmannite. After oxidative exhaustion of sulfidic material in the surrounding soil, these metastable minerals are gradually hydrolysed, associated with leaching of S. In the mature Australian soil, most of these minerals had already been transformed to goethite. Pipestems formed after roots in unripe soil are sites for synthesis and hydrolysis of minerals and serve as routes for atmospheric oxygen into the reduced subsoil and for soluble reaction products to exit the soil. Pipestems have an important role in the ripening of the soil profile.
Using social integration mechanisms to boost absorptive capacity: Walking a tightrope
Authors: Dávila Guillermo Antonio , Andreeva Tatiana , Sætre Alf Steiner
Published: July 2024

With the increasing recognition of the value of external knowledge, organisations are interested in understanding how to boost their absorptive capacity. Social integration mechanisms have been theorised as a key predictor of absorptive capacity, both as a necessary condition for the development of its dimensions (knowledge acquisition, assimilation, transformation and application) and as a contingency factor that influences the relationships between these dimensions. However, the empirical evidence that explores these ideas is limited. To address this, we explore the survey data from 145 Brazilian firms and find that social integration mechanisms play a controversial role in absorptive capacity. Without a certain level of social integration mechanism usage, high levels of the absorptive capacity dimensions are not possible. However, social integration mechanisms also dampen the positive effects of knowledge acquisition on knowledge assimilation and transformation. Therefore, the highest level of usage of social integration mechanisms is not always beneficial for organisations.
Thermal response of freshwater ciliates: Can they survive at elevated lake temperatures?
Authors: Weisse Thomas
Published: July 2024

Ciliates are a well‐defined, species‐rich, versatile group of heterotrophic and mixotrophic protists. Their response to increased temperature during global warming is critical for the structure and functioning of freshwater food webs.

I conducted a meta‐analysis of the literature from field studies and experimental evidence to assess the parameters characterising the thermal response of freshwater ciliates. The shape of the thermal performance curve predicts the ciliates' survival at supraoptimal temperatures (i.e., the width of the thermal safety margin).

The ciliates' typical thermal safety margin is c. 5°C. More than two‐thirds of the freshwater ciliates dwelling permanently or occasionally in the pelagial cannot survive at temperatures exceeding 30°C. Likewise, cold‐stenothermic species, which represent a significant fraction of euplanktonic ciliates, cannot survive by evolutionary adaptation to rapidly warming environments.

The statistical analysis revealed that the ciliates' thermal performance is affected by their planktonic lifestyle (euplanktonic vs. tychoplanktonic), ability to form cysts and nutritional ecology. Bactivorous ciliates have the widest temperature niche, and algivorous ciliates have the narrowest temperature niche.

Phenotypic plasticity and genetic variation, favouring the selection of pre‐adapted species in a new environment, are widespread among freshwater ciliates. However, the lack of evidence for the temperature optima and imprecisely defined tolerance limits of most species hampers the present analysis. The extent of acclimation and adaptation requires further research with more ciliate species than the few chosen thus far.

Recent eco‐evolutionary experimental work and modelling approaches have demonstrated that the ciliates' thermal responses follow general trends predicted by the metabolic theory of ecology and mechanistic functions inherent in enzyme kinetics. The present analysis identified current knowledge gaps and avenues for future research that may serve as a model study for other biota. Thermal adaptation may conflict with adaptation to other stressors (predators, food availability, pH), making general predictions on the future role of freshwater ciliates in a warmer environment difficult, if not impossible, at present.
Effects of tourism on socio‐economic well‐being and its inter‐regional convergence: Evidence from China's 291 cities
Authors: Zhu Fubiao , Cao Xiaona , Zhuang Delin , Jin Shengwu , Yang Xueting
Published: July 2024

Big socio‐economic well‐being gap is common across countries and regions. This study examines the impact of tourism on socio‐economic well‐being and its convergence from a comprehensive and inter‐regional convergence perspective. Using panel data of 291 cities during the period 2005–2019, we provide the comprehensive evaluation of socio‐economic well‐being at the city scale in China. Considering the dynamic characteristics of socio‐economic well‐being, we therefore estimate the impact using the system generalized method of moments. The result indicates that tourism significantly enhances local socio‐economic well‐being and is found to be robust. We also find the dominance of domestic tourism, the positive moderator effects of general budget expenditure, GDP per capita and urbanization, and a greater driving force in cities with higher socio‐economic well‐being. Since both β‐ and σ‐convergence hold, we confirm the positive effect of tourism on the convergence of inter‐regional socio‐economic well‐being. We emphasize policies support for tourism development in underdeveloped regions through fiscal expenditure, financial transfer payments, intellectual support, urbanization, and infrastructure construction. We suggest incorporating tourism into frameworks such as rural revitalization and regional coordinated development. We also recommend accelerating the expansion of tourism in underdeveloped regions and enhancing the quality of tourism in developed regions as spatial strategies, while emphasizing inter‐regional tourism coordination and cooperation.