bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Quarrying Dust on Leaves Weight and Plants Chlorophyll Content of Pawpaw (Carica papaya), Cassava (Manihot esculenta) and Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in Akamkpa, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Enoh E. A. , Ogwo P. A. , Ubuoh E. A.
Published: November 2023

Accumulation of dust and other particulate matter on crops could affect photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration and allow the penetration of phytotoxic gaseous pollutants, hence the agricultural crops show stunted growth, minimum leaf area, less number of leaves and block the stomata opening. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of quarrying dust on leaves weight and selected plants chlorophyll content of Pawpaw (Carica papaya), Cassava (Manihot esculenta) and Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in Akamkpa, Cross River State, Nigeria using standard methods. The plant species were obtained at distances of 300m, 600m and 900m away from the quarry site. Higher chlorophyll contents were recorded in wet season than in the dry season, with total chlorophyll ranging between 2.25-2.81mg/g, 2.23-2.89mg/g and 1.87-2.24mg/g for Carica papaya, Manihot esculenta and Abelmoschus esculentus respectively in the dry season and then 2.43-3.01mg/g, 2.68-3.19mg/g and 2.16-2.77mg/g for Carica papaya, Manihot esculenta and Abelmoschus esculentus respectively in the wet season. Results of chlorophyll a and b in the sampled plants indicated lower effects of dust on chlorophyll contents of the plant leaves with distance away from the quarry site.
Analysis of two-operator boundary-domain integral equations for variable-coefficient Dirichlet and Neumann problems in 2D with general right-hand side
Authors: F. Yimer Markos , G. Ayele Tsegaye
Published: November 2023

The Dirichlet and Neumann boundary value problems for the linear second-orderscalar elliptic differential equation with variable coefficients in a bounded two-dimensional domain are considered. The right-hand side the PDE belongs to H´1 pΩq or Hr ´1 pΩq, when neither classical nor canonical conormal derivatives of solutions are well defined. The two-operator approach and appropriate parametrix (Levi function) are used to reduce each of the problems to two different systems of two-operator boundary-domain integral equations (BDIEs). Although the theory of BDIEs in 3D is well developed, the BDIEs in 2D need a special consideration due to their different equivalence properties. As a result, we need to set conditions on the domain or on the associated Sobolev spaces to ensure the invertibility of corresponding parametrix-based integral layer potentials and hence the unique solvability of BDIEs. The equivalence of the two-operator BDIE systems to the original problems, BDIE system solvability, solution uniqueness/nonuniqueness, and invertibility BDIE system are analyzed in the appropriate Sobolev spaces. It is shown that the BDIE operators for the Neumann BVP are not invertible, and appropriate finite-dimensional perturbations are constructed leading toinvertibility of the perturbed operators.
Imaging assessment of photosensitizer emission induced by radionuclide-derived Cherenkov radiation using charge-coupled device optical imaging and long-pass filters
Authors: Aung Winn , Tsuji Atsushi B , Rikiyama Kazuaki , Nishikido Fumihiko , Obara Satoshi , Higashi Tatsuya
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Radionuclides produce Cherenkov radiation (CR), which can potentially activate photosensitizers (PSs) in phototherapy. Several groups have studied Cherenkov energy transfer to PSs using optical imaging; however, cost-effectively identifying whether PSs are excited by radionuclide-derived CR and detecting fluorescence emission from excited PSs remain a challenge. Many laboratories face the need for expensive dedicated equipment.

AIM

To cost-effectively confirm whether PSs are excited by radionuclide-derived CR and distinguish fluorescence emission from excited PSs.

METHODS

The absorbance and fluorescence spectra of PSs were measured using a microplate reader and fluorescence spectrometer to examine the photo-physical properties of PSs. To mitigate the need for expensive dedicated equipment and achieve the aim of the study, we developed a method that utilizes a charge-coupled device optical imaging system and appropriate long-pass filters of different wavelengths (manual sequential application of long-pass filters of 515, 580, 645, 700, 750, and 800 nm). Tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) was utilized as a model PS. Different doses of copper-64 (64CuCl2) (4, 2, and 1 mCi) were used as CR-producing radionuclides. Imaging and data acquisition were performed 0.5 h after sample preparation. Differential image analysis was conducted by using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health) to visually evaluate TCPP fluorescence.

RESULTS

The maximum absorbance of TCPP was at 390–430 nm, and the emission peak was at 670 nm. The CR and CR-induced TCPP emissions were observed using the optical imaging system and the high-transmittance long-pass filters described above. The emission spectra of TCPP with a peak in the 645–700 nm window were obtained by calculation and subtraction based on the serial signal intensity (total flux) difference between 64CuCl2 + TCPP and 64CuCl2. Moreover, the differential fluorescence images of TCPP were obtained by subtracting the 64CuCl2 image from the 64CuCl2 + TCPP image. The experimental results considering different 64CuCl2 doses showed a dose-dependent trend. These results demonstrate that a bioluminescence imaging device coupled with different long-pass filters and subtraction image processing can confirm the emission spectra and differential fluorescence images of CR-induced TCPP.

CONCLUSION

This simple method identifies the PS fluorescence emission generated by radionuclide-derived CR and can contribute to accelerating the development of Cherenkov energy transfer imaging and the discovery of new PSs.
Metryki chrztów, ślubów i zgonów szlachty w parafii Stawiszyn w latach 1697-1799. Materiały do genealogii szlachty powiatu kaliskiego – część I
Authors: Dziembowski Piotr Maciej
Published: November 2023

W artykule przedstawiono 236 wypisów z ksiąg metrykalnych parafii katolickiej w Stawiszynie z lat 1697-1799. Wypisy dotyczą chrztów (139), ślubów (29) i zgonów (68) osób pochodzenia szlacheckiego. Artykuł, oparty o materiał źródłowy, stanowi materiał wyjściowy do genealogii szlachty powiatu kaliskiego.

Registers of Baptism, Weddings and Death of Nobility in the Parish of Stawiszyn in the Years 1697-1799. Materials for the Genealogy of the Nobility of the Kalisz County – Part I: This article contains 236 extracts from the parish register of the Catolical Church in Stawiszyn in years 1697-1799. Records apply baptisms (139), marriages (29) and funeral (68) of persons of the szlachta (nobility) descent. The article based on source material serve genealogical information about the nobility of the Kalisz county.
Zjazd ochotniczych straży ogniowych z powiatu kaliskiego w Rychnowie 8 stycznia 1919 r.
Authors: Mikołajczyk Marcin
Published: November 2023

Niniejszy tekst prezentuje ważne wydarzenie w dziejach aktywności Ochotniczych Straży Ogniowych pow. kaliskiego, jakim był ich Zjazd odbyty 19 stycznia 1919 r. w Rychnowie, w świetle dwóch dokumentów – „Prośby organizatorów Zjazdu Straży Ogniowych wiejskich z pow. Kaliskiego w Rychnowie do Sejmiku Powiatowego w Kaliszu” i „Protokołu ze Zjazdu” przechowywanych w Archiwum Państwowym w Kaliszu, w zespole Wydział Powiatowy w Kaliszu.

Convention of Volunteer Fire Devices From the Kaliski County In Rychnów 8 January 1919:
This text presents an important event in the history of the activity of the Volunteer Fire Brigades of the pow. Kalisz, which was their Convention held on 19 January 1919 in Rychnów, in the light of two documents – „Prośby organizatorów Zjazdu Straży Ogniowych wiejskich z pow. kaliskiego w Rychnowie do Sejmiku Powiatowego w Kaliszu” and „Protokołu ze Zjazdu” stored in the State Archives in Kalisz, in the Poviat Department in Kalisz.
In search for molecular mechanisms of Post COVID-19 vascular damage
Authors: Halawa Sarah , Aguib Yasmine , Yacoub Magdi H
Published: November 2023

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 marked the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a disease known to be primarily associated with respiratory symptoms. However, as the pandemic unfolded, it became evident that SARS-CoV-2's impact extended beyond the respiratory system, infiltrating other bodily tissues, including the vascular system. Moreover, individuals with pre-existing conditions such as diabetes and hypertension were found to be more susceptible to severe and often fatal outcomes following COVID-19 infection. Clinical observations during the pandemic underscored the significance of the vasculature in COVID-19 pathology, revealing issues like hypercoagulation (excessive blood clotting), cardiomyopathy (abnormal heart muscle function), heart arrhythmias, and endothelial dysfunction (damage to the inner lining of blood vessels). In the aftermath of COVID-19, which is often referred to as post COVID, there is evidence of systemic vascular issues. However, the specific mechanisms behind these problems remain unclear, and the methods of treatment are not well-defined. This commentary offers a comprehensive examination of the available literature, presenting an analysis of the involvement of vascular issues in post-COVID situations, along with a deeper exploration of the related mechanisms and genetic factors.
Factores de riesgo psicosociales y desempeño laboral en empleados de Austroforja en Cuenca – Ecuador
Authors: Morales Ordoñez Bibiana Alexandra , Solano Peláez José Luis
Published: November 2023

La investigación parte de los factores psicosociales relacionados al desempeño laboral en la empresa Austroforja en Cuenca-Ecuador. Se propone analizarlos y establecer relación con el desempeño laboral mediante la investigación aplicada. El estudio es cuantitativo y decanta del constructo teórico en donde la motivación laboral, habilidades y conocimientos están asociadas con el desempeño laboral. Se investigó a 31 personas en la empresa. Los resultados revelan que existe correlación negativa entre la motivación laboral -0,413*, la variable habilidades y conocimientos -0,572** siendo las pruebas estadísticamente significativas a un nivel menor al p- valor de 0,05 y p-valor de 0,01, lo que implica que la variable ambiente laboral no paso la prueba estadística. Se concluye que, los programas para mejorar el desempeño laboral en los empleados de esta organización deben estar orientados eficazmente a tratar la motivación laboral, habilidades y conocimientos con el fin de disminuir los factores psicosociales en el contexto específico de estudio.
Circumscribed Nevoid Angiokeratoma: Report of Three New Cases
Authors: Aldás Eduardo Garzón
Published: November 2023

The angiokeratomas are vascular malformations histologically characterized by the presence of dilated surface capillaries with overlying hyperkeratosis, there are five types clinically recognizable. The nevoid circumscriptum angiokeratoma is an unusual type of angiokeratoma located mainly in buttocks or thighs showing a unilateral distribution. We present three new female cases of this uncommon pathology.
Significance of Geographical Indications Laws in Nepal: A Comparative Study of Bhaktapur "Juju Dhau” and Greece "Greek Yogurt"
Authors: Sapkota Laxmi
Published: November 2023

Juju Dhau (Yoghurt) is popularly known in Bhaktapur (Nepal) with its unique taste and quality. Regrettably it has not acquired global recognition yet. Apparently, Greek Yogurt, a similar type of Yogurt from Greece, enjoys international popularity. In this paper, the researcher conducted a survey alongside key informant interviews to reflect the perception and preference of Juju Dhau and comparatively analyzed the acquired data and information with Greek Yogurt.. The result of the study reveals that the primary reason for producing Juju Dhau is its market access, good earning through creation of employment and consumer preferences on Juju Dhau. Additionally, the study reveals the perception of retailers is positive on Juju Dhau due to it being healthy, tasty and greatness in its flavor. The comparative study suggests about the risk of Greek Yogurt having the threat to become a genericide at a particular point of time. In this pretext, the Juju Dhau has to be promoted in international market but due diligence should be given while promoting it taking special reference form Greek experience. Furthermore, Juju Dhau is an intangible cultural heritage of Nepal. Nepal being a party to the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, it has binding obligation to safeguard Juju Dhau. The researcher, after comprehensive analysis of acquired data and information, identified the necessity of sui generis laws to be enacted merely for Juju Dhau. These laws will ultimately facilitate the recognition, protection, and promotion of Juju Dhau in Nepal and beyond.
Abel's Convolution Formulae through Taylor Polynomials
Authors: CHU Wenchang
Published: November 2023

By making use of the Taylor polynomials, new proofs are presented for three binomial identities including Abel’s convolution formula.
A massive benign prostate delivered intact: a case report
Authors: Katib Atif , Dakkak Bassem , Aldosari Mohammad
Published: November 2023

Background: Benign prostatic enlargement (BPH) is an age-related condition. Males above the age of 40 years commonly experience lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) related to the progressively growing prostate. BPH is coined by a deterioration in the quality of the patient`s life. Medicines along with advanced surgical procedures may not be suitable for treating oversized prostate glands.
Case presentation: A 84-years-old man presented to the urology clinic with severe LUTS that are getting worse over 2 years. He was never catheterized. Medicinal treatments failed to alleviate the symptoms. He has no past medical or surgical history of significance. Prostate ultrasonography revealed a huge prostate of 340cc. He underwent open prostatectomy and enjoyed an uneventful post-operative hospital stay. Histology showed a benign nodular prostatic hyperplasia.
Conclusion: This case presents one of the largest prostates reported in the literature.
Relación entre estado nutricional y hábitos alimentarios en pacientes pre-quirúrgicos
Authors: Durán Muentes Fátima Andrea
Published: November 2023

Introducción: Una intervención quirúrgica representa una agresión que puede comprometer la evolución del paciente cuando existe un problema nutricional de base causado por patologías  o por otras circunstancias (deficientes hábitos alimentarios o causas sociales). Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue describir la relación entre el estado nutricional y los hábitos alimentarios en pacientes pre-quirúrgicos del Hospital Provincial Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda de la ciudad de Portoviejo, provincia de Manabí. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal en 50 pacientes que tenían planificada una intervención quirúrgica. Se identificaron variables como el índice de masa corporal (IMC), porcentaje (%) de pérdida de peso, índice de riesgo nutricional (IRN) y hábitos alimentarios, que permitieron analizar la influencia del estado nutricional y los hábitos alimentarios sobre la recuperación pos-quirúrgica. Resultados: Se encontró que el 38% de los pacientes tenía rangos normales de peso. Entre las mujeres predominó la obesidad, mientras que entre los hombres el sobrepeso y el bajo peso. Los trastornos nutricionales fueron más frecuentes en pacientes mayores de 35 años. El 23.08% de las mujeres presentó pérdida severa de peso y el 79% riesgo nutricional pre-quirúrgico. El 42% de los varones presentó una recuperación pos-quirúrgica retrasada. Conclusiones: La evaluación pre-quirúrgica de los pacientes puso en evidencia una alta frecuencia de sobrepeso y obesidad. La evolución pos-quirúrgica de estos pacientes no fue adecuada, ya que necesitaron más tiempo para incorporaron a sus actividades cotidianas.
TINJAUAN TEORITIS BUDAYA DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP SEMANGAT BEKERJA KARYAWAN STEBI LIWA LAMPUNG BARAT
Authors: Marliyanti Marliyanti , Mazdayani Mazdayani , Asra Hidayatul
Published: November 2023

This research is based on factors that cannot be ignored related to employee morale, namely work culture and work motivation. This can be reflected in the lack of employee morale because the work culture and work motivation between leaders and staff are still lacking, this can be seen from the discipline of working hours which is still far from what is expected of employees. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between work culture and employee morale at STEBI Liwa West Lampung to determine the relationship between work motivation and employee morale and to determine the relationship between work culture and work motivation which are jointly related to employee morale at STEBI Liwa West Lampung. Research result. With regard to work culture, satisfaction, discipline, work results, appreciation are needed, so that employees can quickly complete work, work motivation needs to be increased through education, through promotion, and through mutations, regarding work enthusiasm, it is necessary to increase employee work culture and work motivation employee.
Kreatív számvitel megítélésének, alkalmazásának vizsgálata
Authors: Hamad Mirjam , Soós Rita , Tömöri Gergő
Published: November 2023

We have chosen creative accounting as the subject of our study, which many people associate with fraud and illegal methods. We asked professionals in the field how they interpret this phenomenon and whether they use it in any of its aspects. To do this, we created a 16-question questionnaire, which we sent out exclusively to accountants and professionals, and closed the door to responses on 8 October 2023, with 134 completed. In this paper, we have focused on the perception of creative accounting, but we have also touched on its application, but we were aware that respondents would be reluctant to answer questions that were too personal and direct. One of our research questions was about perceptions of creative accounting, one was about the importance of accounting principles and two sought to find correlations between the responses. The aim of this study, by sending out the questionnaire, is to improve the perception of creative accounting and to raise awareness of the importance of its use, within a legal framework of course. We would also like to encourage professionals to think that their accounting service should not consist of simply carrying out routine tasks, but that they should consider for each of their companies what activities, and possibly changes in their choices, could help them to achieve optimum operation, tax payments and thus a higher rate of profitability for their company.
Metabolic and transcriptional aspects of Capsicum chinense fruits in different developmental stages
Authors:   , Salvador Acácio Rodrigues
Published: November 2023

The Capsicum genus is highly phenotypically diverse and considered nonclimacteric. Although some studies with nonclimacteric fruits have already been carried out, knowledge about the regulation between transcripts and metabolites is still scarce. We selected phenotypically contrasting Capsicum chinense accessions and analyzed in detail the metabolism in placenta and pericarp fruit and performed a transcripts profile to identify possible relationships between metabolism and gene expression. We quantified and analyzed primary metabolites, capsaicin, phenols, proteins, total amino acids, sugars and starch in three stages of development (20, 45 and 60 days after anthesis) and identified 16803 genes expressed from different functional classes and correlated with 69 metabolites quantified in two stages of development (20 and 60 days after anthesis). Our results suggest that most of the observed metabolic variability is between the stages of fruit development and not between accessions. In addition, we show that pungency, determined by the metabolism of the placenta, significantly interferes with the metabolism of the fruit. The integration of the transcript and metabolite profile through multivariate analysis provides several correlations between the metabolic and transcript classes that can be studied in detail in future research. Our results suggest that there is a complex control during fruit development that determines phenotypic characteristics, in addition, our data increase our knowledge about the regulation of TSS accumulation in nonclimacteric fruits. Keywords: Capsaicin. Primary metabolites. Fruits. Transcriptome.
Evaluation and toxicity of iron and manganese in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.): bioaccumulation and oxidative damage
Authors:   , Kelechi Blessing Jumoke
Published: November 2023

The disaster with the Fundao dam in Mariana, MG, Brazil, launched tons of iron ore tailings into the environment, which elevated the levels of iron and manganese in the mining area. Thus, it is imperative to understand how these metallic elements pollutant can buildup in lettuce and also the oxidative damage this pollutant can cause to the lettuce plant. Therefore, we investigated the bioaccumulation, the toxicity symptoms and the oxidative damage of this elements on lettuce. The specimens were subjected to four treatments: control (nutrient solution only); Fe (5 mM Fe-EDTA); Mn (4 mM MnCl 2 ); Fe + Mn, which were assessed at 2 nd day of exposure to treatments. Physiological and biochemical related analysis were performed. The results showed that lettuce plants cannot undergo Fe and Mn metal stress without showing toxicity symptoms. Although the toxicity exhibited by Fe treated plants was more severe than Mn treated plant. Also, the accumulation of the elements in the plant was not altered by their association, it has cumulative effects on the plant and are not competitive in the absorption process. The translocation of Fe from the roots to the leaves was high meanwhile Mn translocation to the leaves was low. Furthermore, a remarkable antioxidant enzymes activity was observed in all treatments but the ROS produced due to the oxidative stress could not be scavenge which led to oxidative damage especially in the Fe isolated and combined treated plants compared to Mn treated plant. Keywords: Reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress. Antioxidant enzymes. Mining residue.
Chromatography and Spectroscopy Methods for the Analysis of Nicotine and Other Chemical Ingredients in E-Liquid Formulation: A Review
Authors: Abdull Manap Mohd Rashidi , Hamzah Noor Hazfalinda , Aina Kholili Qhurratul , Abu Hasan Fatin , Alhumaira Azhana
Published: November 2023

Spectroscopy and chromatography methods have become the most preferred techniques for detecting ingredients in e-liquid analysis. Both methods are widely used for separating and quantifying volatile compounds in a sample, providing individual chemical information in complex mixtures. This paper aims to review the detection and quantification of nicotine and other chemical ingredients in e-liquid used in e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes use the evaporation-condensation principle of aerosolization to produce an inhaled vapor containing nicotine, excipients, and flavoring agents. This review covers sample preparation, identification, and quantification of nicotine and other ingredients using chromatography and spectroscopy analysis. The spectroscopy methods are useful for quickly identifying and quantifying volatile compounds, including propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycol (VG), and nicotine, while spectroscopic methods, particularly the Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) method, have lower analytical performance compared to chromatography methods in detecting nicotine and other chemical ingredients. Based on the review, chromatographic methods are the primary option for analyzing nicotine in all e-liquid samples, offering a better alternative for a future study with the presence of multiple detectors.
Investigation of Blended Seaweed Waste Recycling Using Black Soldier Fly Larvae
Authors: Septiariva Iva Yenis , Suryawan I Wayan Koko , Prayogo Wisnu , Suhardono Sapta , Sarwono Ariyanti
Published: November 2023

Seaweed waste is often found in the coastal areas of Indonesia. Along with other waste, large quantities of seaweed will disrupt the ecosystem and harm the surrounding environment. Therefore, treating seaweed waste effectively and efficiently is necessary to mitigate such adverse effects. This study processed seaweed waste using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae to accelerate waste degradation, reducing the waste buildup. The characteristics of waste, the feeding treatment, chemical content, and parameters of waste processing were assessed. Based on the results, seaweed waste contains highly organic compounds, potentially used as fertilizer or animal feed. The feeding method demonstrated that the mass of BSF larvae increased according to the intensity of the feeding treatment. The total waste degradation obtained from the BSF larvae was 72.61% with a waste reduction index of 1.87 g/day, and the efficiency of digested feed was 7.61% with feeding treatment every three days. The chemical composition of BSF pre-pupae, pupae, and residues was also evaluated to determine their feasibility as animal feed and biomass. The results suggested that pre-pupae and pupae comprise protein, fat, calcium, and phosphorus. At the same time, the waste residue has a C-organic and N-organic ratio of 13%–14% and is an alternative for future waste-to-energy applications. Overall, BSF offers a great prospect in generating high-value products and simultaneously serves as a strategy for efficient waste management.
Soft Set-based Parameter Reduction Algorithm Through a Discernibility Matrix and the Hybrid Approach for the Risk-Factor Prediction of Cardiovascular Diseases by Various Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Anbumani Menaga , Kaniyaiah Kannan
Published: November 2023

Parameter reduction without performance degradation is a promising task in decision-making problems. For instance, a great challenge exists in constructing cost functions in gaming theory. Nevertheless, soft set theory handles all its drawbacks conveniently through a new tool for the choice function mathematically. In this paper, we propose an algorithm (SSPRDM) for parameter reduction of soft sets through discernibility matrices, and it is implemented in detecting the risk factor of heart disease problems by using six types of machine learning techniques. The parameters are extracted from the heart disease patient data by the SSPRDM algorithm, and then six machine learning techniques (LDA, KNN, SVM, CART, NB, RF) are performed in the prediction of risk factors for heart disease. The experimental results showed that the present hybrid approach provides an accuracy of 88.46% in the Random Forest technique, whereas the same Random Forest classifier provides an accuracy of 69.23% in the prediction of risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) diagnosis in the earlier work which is a drastic improvement. Moreover, out of 18 parameter reductions, the core component is identified as Total Cholesterol, which is to be considered in all types of CVD diagnosis, whereas Sugar-Fasting (C), Total-Cholesterol (G), and HDL-Cholesterol (I) are the core components identified in three parameter reductions ABCEGHI, ACFGIJ, and BCFGIJK.
Physical modelling of tsunami barrier and debris interaction
Authors: Schlesier Hauke Günther , von Häfen Hajo , Goseberg Nils
Published: November 2023

Tsunami events can cause vast damage to infrastructure and human lives. A self-lifting membrane barrier was proposed to limit impacts of tsunami inundation during an event while allowing permanent access to the sea. Many aspects of this novel barrier concept have not been studied yet, including its performance under debris impact. In this context, this study investigates the interaction between a self-lifting membrane barrier and tsunami-induced debris transport. Laboratory experiments in a wave flume were carried out, in which 20 ft shipping-container models were propagated by tsunami-like waves into a model membrane barrier. Varying hydrodynamic boundary conditions and amount of debris were used to study different magnitudes of surge and debris loading. The tests showed that an increased amount of debris led to decreased surge propagation upstream the barrier. Formation of a temporally stable debris dam was prevented by the dynamic character of the barrier-debris-interaction. In total, 90% of debris transport further in land was obstructed in presence of the studied membrane barrier. The self-lifting membrane barrier retains functionality under debris-loaded surge impact.
Standing wave impacts on vertical hydraulic structures with overhangs for varying wave fields and configurations
Authors: De Almeida Ermano , Hofland Bas
Published: November 2023

This study focuses on standing wave impacts on vertical hydraulic structures with relatively short overhangs. It addresses the demand for extended knowledge and loading prediction expressions for these structures. Based on laboratory experimental data from 146 tests, this paper works on two complementary objectives. Firstly, this study extends the knowledge on this type of wave impacts addressing the following aspects: changes in hydraulic loading conditions (regular/irregular waves and varying freeboards) and changes in the structure geometry (lateral constriction and loading reducing ventilation gaps). All laboratory tests consider relatively short overhangs, with ratios of wave length to overhang length between 10 and 40, and ratios of overhang height to overhang length of 3 and 6. The regular wave tests showed that the tests with the longer overhang were related to longer impact durations and larger loading variability compared to the tests with the shorter overhang. Also, tests with reduced freeboards produced larger impact loads. In addition, repeated tests presented equal impulse values (I, Beta, td, Lambda). Furthermore, the pressure peaks measured at one location were found to not represent the pressure peaks averaged over the structure width, while the pressure-impulses measured at one location were found to properly represent the pressure-impulses averaged over the width. The constriction tests showed that a lateral constriction amplifies pressure peaks and pressure-impulses at the constriction edge. The ventilation gap tests showed that ventilation gaps are effective in reducing force peaks and force-impulses. The irregular wave tests highlighted that the dynamic interactions of the incident waves with the structural configurations are even more dynamic and variable in tests with irregular wave conditions. Secondly, this study presents loading prediction expressions for preliminary loading estimations built up by the previously developed pressure-impulse theory that is empirically calibrated using the presently acquired experimental data. To that end, the relation between the effective bounce-back factor (1<Beta<2) with the Gamma Parameter is described. These loading prediction expressions may be used for preliminary load estimations and in combination with structural response models.
Analytical Models for Determining the Propagation of Rectangular Surface Jets for Fishway Attraction Flow
Authors: Wiering Veronika , Heneka Patrick , Henning Martin , Bergmann Linda
Published: November 2023

The present paper evaluates suitability of two analytical models to determine the propagation of rectangular surface jets as a tool to design fishway attraction flow. It focuses on rectangular orifices of vertical slot fishways with aspect ratios (width-to-height) for W/H < 1. Both models were rewritten to match boundary conditions for fishways because they were initially derived for horizontal orifices. As the basis for the evaluation, the output of the analytical models to RANS simulations for 12 geometries 1/16 <= W/H <= 4 is compared. Applied analytical equations for half-lengths for cases W/H >= 4 are within 5 % of RANS modeling results for all cases. The location of centerline transition locations from analytical models also agree reasonably well with RANS modeling. The findings support efficient design of optimum attraction flow propagation using simple, rapid analytical approaches.
Loads and effects of ship-generated, drawdown waves in confined waterways - A review of current knowledge and methods
Authors: Dempwolff León-Carlos , Melling Gregor , Windt Christian , Lojek Oliver , Martin Tobias , Holzwarth Ingrid , Bihs Hans , Goseberg Nils
Published: November 2023

A ship in motion generates a complex wave field consisting of several superimposed wave systems. The relevance of the wave systems' components varies, depending on individual ship and waterway parameters. This review work is specifically concerned with the long-period, primary wave system, large-volume ships travelling through confined waterways, generate, as it may exert intensive wave and current loading on the banks, affecting local morphology, engineering structures and ecology

So far, the effect of ship-generated waves on waterway embankments has yet only routinely been considered for inland waterways with a constant cross-section. Less attention has been payed to the ship-induced wave and current loading in more complex bathymetries like coastal waterways and estuaries, as naturally occurring loads had been thought to dominate. However, the hydrodynamic loads induced by ships grow and become increasingly relevant in coastal waterways, due to continuously growing dimensions of sea-going ships.

At the same time, requirements rise to allow for restoring the ecological value of of inland and coastal waterways, leading to spatially more diverse bathymetries and embankment structures. Hence, the prediction of ship-generated primary wave magnitudes at banks becomes increasingly complex, due to deformation processes of the propagating waves in shallow water. Knowledge on ship-generated waves characteristics and methods to predict induced loads are thus essential for the assessment of bank stability and the dimensioning of engineering structures to resist present-day and prospective ship-induced loads.

This review paper compiles, analyzes and assesses the findings of previous research quantifying the relevance of primary waves for the surrounding waterways and shows interconnections to the questions studied within naval hydrodynamics for confined waterways. Commonly applied methods for wave prediction are reviewed, highlighting their relevance and limitations. Finally, a concept for coupled numerical model development is suggested, based on the success of different modelling approaches presented previously.
Admissible post-wave overtopping flow for persons on a horizontal surface
Authors: Van der Meer Jentsje , Steendam Gosse Jan , Bruce Tom , Klein Breteler Mark
Published: November 2023

Admissible wave overtopping is a key parameter in design specifications and also in safety assessments of the crest level of many coastal structures. This paper considers the hazard to people/pedestrians by post-wave overtopping flow over a horizontal surface, like a dike or breakwater crest, or a boulevard. Such flow is given by a flow velocity and a flow thickness. The most recent guideline is given in EurOtop (2018), where a maximum overtopping wave volume of 600 l/m is seen as the admissible or tolerable maximum. But no flow velocities or flow thicknesses are given.

Previous work has been summarised by Sandoval and Bruce (2017) who brought existing fluvial tests on people or human subjects together with data derived from videos of actual overtopping hazard events available from the internet. A graph was developed with stable and unstable combinations of flow velocity and flow depth or thickness.

The paper describes first tests in the Delta Flume of Deltares with a volunteer exposed to wave overtopping hazard on the crest of a dike with wave heights up to 1.8 m. Analysis determines flow velocities and flow thicknesses for stable and unstable situations. Additional tests with the wave overtopping simulator on the crest of a dike are described. In these tests, flow velocities and flow thicknesses were accurately recorded as well as the reaction of a volunteer, guarded by a safety line, on the crest of the dike as well as on the landward slope. These tests gave also stable and unstable situations with known flow velocities and flow thicknesses.

The new data were added to the work of Sandoval and Bruce (2017) and a physically based as well as a simple guideline has been proposed for the transition between stable and unstable situations for people/pedestrians. In general overtopping velocities are allowed of 4 m/s with a flow thickness of 0.2 m, but also a large velocity of 7 m/s with only a flow thickness of 0.1 m. Flow thicknesses are always given without air entrainment.
A novel design method for wave-induced fatigue of flood gates
Authors: Kleiberg Joachim , Tieleman Orson , Versluis Marco , Kortlever Wim , ten Oever Erik , Hofland Bas
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a novel design method to predict fatigue of flood gates due to dynamic wave loading. The accumulation of fatigue damage is predicted probabilistically over the entire lifetime of the structure rather than with a set of normative events. Load events are defined using a joint probability distribution of historical wind and water level data. The random phase-amplitude model is employed to obtain realisations of the wave state for every combination of environmental conditions. Linear wave theory and pressure-impulse theory are used to predict both quasi-steady and highly dynamic wave pressures. The stress response of the structure is predicted with a hybrid semi-analytical and finite element model. By applying a mode matching technique the fluid-structure interaction is solved in a computationally efficient manner. This facilitates the large number of simulations required for a comprehensive fatigue analysis without making concessions in the physical modelling. The fatigue damage is then evaluated with the linear Palmgren-Miner method by applying a rainflow algorithm. A Monte Carlo analysis is performed to estimate the expected fatigue lifetime of the structure. The modular structure of the model routine allows for easy adaptation to other situations where fatigue due to hydrodynamic loading is of interest. The design method is applied to a case study of a flood gate with an overhang inspired by the situation at the Afsluitdijk. Non-fundamental modes are taken into account without simplification of the fluid-structure interaction process and found to be governing for the fatigue damage for the studied case. Moreover, the interference of vibrations due to consecutive wave impacts is shown to have a significant influence on the outcome of the fatigue assessment. For the case study, the design method leads to a 10-20% reduction of the governing fatigue damage compared to a method commonly used in practice. At specific locations on the flood gate fatigue damage is found to be underestimated by current design methods. The presented design method is therefore found to be a significant improvement.
Experimental study on a breaking-enforcing floating breakwater
Authors: van der Zanden Joep , van der Hout Arne , Otto William , Spaargaren Floor , Walles Brenda , de Wilde Jaap
Published: November 2023

Floating breakwaters are moored structures that attenuate wave energy through a combination of reflection and dissipation. Studies into floating breakwaters have been generally restricted to optimising the attenuation performance. This study presents a novel floating breakwater type that was developed to have good attenuation performance while keeping wave drift loads as small as possible. The floating breakwater was designed as a submerged parabolic beach that enforces wave energy dissipation through breaking. The design was tested in a 3D shallow-water wave basin in captive and moored setups for regular and irregular wave conditions. Results are presented in terms of attenuation performance, motions, and (mooring) loads. The results show that the breaking of waves improves the attenuation performance of the floater in captive setup. However, in moored setup, the attenuation performance was dominated by diffraction and radiation of the wave field, with breaking being of secondary importance. This shows that breaking-enforcing floating breakwaters have potential, but require a high vertical hydrostatic and/or mooring stiffness in order to enforce intense breaking. Mean wave drift loads on the object showed significant difference between breaking and non-breaking waves in both setups, with breaking waves leading to lower normalized loads. This is attributed to breaking-induced set-up and set-down of the water level. As a result, the new breakwater design has a more favourable balance between wave attenuation and drift loads than common (i.e., box-, pontoon-, or mat-type) floating breakwater designs. Tests with varying surface roughness showed that floating breakwaters may benefit from dual-use functions that naturally increase the roughness (e.g., shellfish, vegetation), which have a marginal effect on the attenuation performance, but increase the added mass and hydrodynamic damping and as such, reduce mooring line loads.
Evaluation and validation of the spectral linear wave theory and ‘traditional’ formulae for pulsating wave loads for unimodal and bimodal seas
Authors: Tuin Henry , Voortman Hessel , Hofland Bas , de Almeida Ermano
Published: November 2023

For the design of vertical hydraulic structures pulsating wave forces need to be calculated. The total wave force is a result of every wave component (long waves and short waves) within a wave field. The common formulae are derived for regular or unimodal narrow sea states and use one characteristic wave height and period. Broad-banded spectra like bimodal sea states are present at many locations. Moreover, new hydraulic structures like Panamax or post-Panamax locks do have a large vertical surface exposed to pulsating wave loads. Swell components within the wave spectrum are disproportionally contributing to the total wave force compared to short waves. This depth effect for broad-banded or bimodal wave spectra is not considered by the traditional wave formulae which could result in significant underestimations of wave forces on hydraulic structures.

This paper aims to determine the wave loads of irregular non-breaking wave fields under any wave spectrum: narrow banded, broad-banded, or bimodal. Spectral linear wave theory (LWT) is used to transform any wave spectrum to a wave force spectrum. The wave force or wave pressure at any level can directly be evaluated from the wave force spectrum or wave pressure spectrum for any shape of the wave spectrum considered within this research. Spectral LWT is compared to the outcome of wave flume experiments with bimodal seas and other wave force formulae, like the Goda formula and quasi-regular LWT and the NewWave theory.

This paper gives a description and evaluation of the spectral LWT applied for bimodal wave spectra and a comparison of the accuracy and validity of other wave force formulae. The peak forces and peak pressures distribution obtained by spectral wave theory compare well to the measurements. It appears that the use of a spectral LWT to obtain characteristic extreme forces improves the accuracy of the extreme load more than the use of a second order wave model with a quasi-regular assumption (i.e. where the spectral shape is not considered). For the typical conditions that occur at hydraulic structures (horizontal bed, intermediate to deep water, non-breaking, and uni- and bimodal seas) the often-used Goda formula can both under of overestimate the peak loads. Goda is well applicable for conditions with (breaking) waves narrow wave spectra and values of kph <0.5.
Driftwood Accumulation and Passage at V- and I-Rock Weirs in Mountain Streams
Authors: Crookston Brian Mark , Lane Belize , Margetts Kathryn
Published: November 2023

The transport and accumulation of driftwood, large wood, or large woody debris (LWD) in mountain streams is a natural part of catchment health and river connectivity. At hydraulic structures, the presence of driftwood has impacts on total discharge and upstream energy. Driftwood has been studied at a variety of spillways and weir types; however, little is known about its interaction at rock weirs. This study seeks to determine what factors affect the transport of driftwood and potential upstream impacts of driftwood accumulations at rock weirs through field-informed scaled model testing. Observations of driftwood at rock weirs located on the Blacksmith Fork River, a mountain stream located in Utah, USA, were used to replicate driftwood dynamics in V- and I-shaped rock weirs in a large flume. The river response to rock weirs on the corresponding section of the Blacksmith Fork River was also investigated using historic aerial imagery and field data. Approaches to driftwood management typically prioritize either natural processes or hydraulic structure safety and flow conveyance. A new hybrid approach should consider both aspects for rock weirs in mountain streams.
Os répteis como conteúdo em livros didáticos: análise do PNLD 2018 e 2021
Authors: Pio Caetano Machado Laís , Carvalho dos Santos Thaís Isabela , Quatrocchio Liporini Thalita , Rodrigues Menezes Russo Cristiane
Published: November 2023

Esta pesquisa buscou compreender como o conteúdo de répteis é apresentado nos livros didáticos de Biologia do Ensino Médio indicados pelos PNLD 2018 e 2021, a partir de análises acerca dos registros textuais sobre respectivo conhecimento escolar. Fez-se uma pesquisa qualitativa documental que, pela análise temática, identificou e categorizou trechos textuais sobre répteis. A maioria das coleções do PNLD 2021 não contemplou todos os eixos temáticos definidos e houve grande redução na quantidade de registros. Esses resultados corroboram apontamentos anteriores acerca da problemática da BNCC em priorizar o ensino por habilidades, negligenciando o conteúdo científico.
Panorama das pesquisas brasileiras em modelagem matemática no ensino superior pela perspectiva da educação matemática crítica
Authors: Lopes Aldo , Pacheco João Vitor Pena
Published: November 2023

A Modelagem Matemática tem sido utilizada em diferentes níveis de ensino e tem se mostrado uma ferramenta para o desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de habilidades. Neste trabalho, focamos na Modelagem Matemática pela ótica da Educação Matemática Crítica e analisamos, através de uma revisão bibliográfica de teses e dissertações, os trabalhos que adotaram a Modelagem Matemática sob o viés da Educação Matemática Crítica em um intervalo temporal de mais de 20 anos. Além de uma avaliação inicial dos dados, analisamos os objetivos, as perspectivas críticas e de Modelagem e as conclusões obtidas, buscando responder a pergunta motivadora desta revisão bibliográfica – o que as pesquisas de Modelagem Matemática pela ótica da Educação Matemática Crítica indicam a respeito do uso da Modelagem Matemática como metodologia de ensino no contexto do Ensino Superior e quais são os aspectos críticos relacionados? Os resultados mostram uma predominância de trabalhos no eixo sul-sudeste e a existência de poucas pesquisas de cunho misto ou quantitativo. Além disso, como os objetivos da maioria dos trabalhos analisados não foram os aspectos críticos, poucos adotaram uma fundamentação teórica crítica e uma metodologia que contribuem para a manifestação desses aspectos. Por fim, notamos que há uma carência de estudos empíricos sobre Modelagem Matemática, sinalizando que esta área carece de mais pesquisas e constitui um bom campo para futuros trabalhos.