bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic‐Field‐Switchable Laser via Optical Pumping of Rubrene
Authors: Perkinson Collin F. , Einzinger Markus , Finley Joseph , Bawendi Moungi G. , Baldo Marc A.
Published: November 2021

Volumetric optical imaging of magnetic fields is challenging with existing magneto‐optical materials, motivating the search for dyes with strong magnetic field interactions, distinct emission spectra, and an ability to withstand high photon flux and incorporation within samples. Here, the magnetic field effect on singlet‐exciton fission is exploited to demonstrate spatial imaging of magnetic fields in a thin film of rubrene. Doping rubrene with the high‐quantum yield dye dibenzotetraphenylperiflanthene (DBP) is shown to enable optically pumped, slab waveguide lasing. This laser is magnetic‐field‐switchable: when operated just below the lasing threshold, application of a 0.4 T magnetic field switches the device between nonlasing and lasing modes, accompanied by an intensity modulation of +360%. This is thought to be the first demonstration of a magnetically switchable laser, as well as the largest magnetically induced change in emission brightness in a singlet‐fission material to date. These results demonstrate that singlet‐fission materials are promising materials for magnetic sensing applications and could inspire a new class of magneto‐optical modulators.
Skin‐Inspired Capacitive Stress Sensor with Large Dynamic Range via Bilayer Liquid Metal Elastomers
Authors: Yang Jiayi , Kwon Ki Yoon , Kanetkar Shreyas , Xing Ruizhe , Nithyanandam Praneshnandan , Li Yang , Jung Woojin , Gong Wei , Tuman Mary , Shen Qingchen , Wang Meixiang , Ghosh Tushar , Chatterjee Kony , Wang Xinxin , Zhang Dongguang , Kim Tae‐il , Truong Vi Khanh , Dickey Michael D.
Published: November 2021

Soft devices that sense touch are important for prosthetics, soft robotics, and electronic skins. One way to sense touch is to use a capacitor consisting of a soft dielectric layer sandwiched between two electrodes. Compressing the capacitor brings the electrodes closer together and thereby increases capacitance. Ideally, sensors of touch should have both large sensitivity and the ability to measure a wide range of stress (dynamic range). Although skin has such capabilities, it remains difficult to achieve both sensitivity and dynamic range in a single manmade sensor. Inspired by skin, this work reports a soft capacitive pressure sensor based on a bilayer of liquid metal elastomer foam (B‐LMEF). The B‐LMEF consists of an elastomer slab (elastic modulus: ≈655 kPa) laminated with a soft liquid metal elastomer foam (LMEF, elastic modulus: ≈7 kPa). The LMEF deforms at small stresses (<10 kPa), and both layers deform at large stresses (>10 kPa). The B‐LMEF has high sensitivity (0.073 kPa–1) at small stress and can operate over a large range of stress (200 kPa), which leads to a large dynamic range (≈4.1 × 105). Additionally, the elastomer slab has a large energy dissipation coefficient; the skin uses this property to cushion the human body from external stress and strain.
Cortical‐Folding‐Inspired Multifunctional Reduced Graphene Oxide Microarchitecture Arrays on Curved Substrates
Authors: Tan Yinlong , Hu Biru , Kang Yan , Jiang Tian , Li Guochen , Dong Qichao , Wu Wenjian , Chu Zengyong
Published: November 2021

Although controlled wrinkling is demonstrated to be a powerful tool for micro/nanofabrication, large‐area fabrication of microarchitecture arrays on curved substrates by surface wrinkling still remains challenging. Inspired by the cortical folding, a facile method for transforming graphene oxide (GO) patterns into multiscale microarchitecture arrays on curved substrates is developed. Mass production of hierarchical GO papillae arrays can be realized by homogeneous compression of patterned GO/rubber bilayers. The reduced GO (rGO) papillae arrays show superhydrophobicity with tunable adhesion to water, enabling good performance in microdroplet manipulation. Besides, the papillae are capable of regulating the formation of microcracks in the rGO films upon stretching. Similar to the mechanical sensing system of spiders, a crack‐based strain sensor with high gauge factor (≈81), good linearity (0–15%), and fast responding speed (<40 ms) is demonstrated. In addition, the strain sensor is capable of detecting and recognizing multiple deformation modes including stretching, poking, and touching. This work reveals novel cortical folding morphology and provides a simple fabrication method for multifunctional hierarchical microarchitectures on curved substrates, which may find applications in biomimetic microstructures, smart wetting surfaces, and wearable electronics.
Smad3 Promotes Cancer‐Associated Fibroblasts Generation via Macrophage–Myofibroblast Transition
Authors: Tang Philip Chiu‐Tsun , Chung Jeff Yat‐Fai , Xue Vivian Wei‐wen , Xiao Jun , Meng Xiao‐Ming , Huang Xiao‐Ru , Zhou Shuang , Chan Alex Siu‐Wing , Tsang Anna Chi‐Man , Cheng Alfred Sze‐Lok , Lee Tin‐Lap , Leung Kam‐Tong , Lam Eric W.‐F. , To Ka‐Fai , Tang Patrick Ming‐Kuen , Lan Hui‐Yao
Published: November 2021

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important in tumor microenvironment (TME) driven cancer progression. However, CAFs are heterogeneous and still largely underdefined, better understanding their origins will identify new therapeutic strategies for cancer. Here, the authors discovered a new role of macrophage‐myofibroblast transition (MMT) in cancer for de novo generating protumoral CAFs by resolving the transcriptome dynamics of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM) with single‐cell resolution. MMT cells (MMTs) are observed in non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) associated with CAF abundance and patient mortality. By fate‐mapping study, RNA velocity, and pseudotime analysis, existence of novel macrophage‐lineage‐derived CAF subset in the TME of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) model is confirmed, which is directly transited via MMT from M2‐TAM in vivo and bone‐marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM) in vitro. Adoptive transfer of BMDM‐derived MMTs markedly promote CAF formation in LLC‐bearing mice. Mechanistically, a Smad3‐centric regulatory network is upregulated in the MMTs of NSCLC, where chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP‐seq) detects a significant enrichment of Smad3 binding on fibroblast differentiation genes in the macrophage‐lineage cells in LLC‐tumor. More importantly, macrophage‐specific deletion and pharmaceutical inhibition of Smad3 effectively block MMT, therefore, suppressing the CAF formation and cancer progression in vivo. Thus, MMT may represent a novel therapeutic target of CAF for cancer immunotherapy.
Heterostructures Made of Upconversion Nanoparticles and Metal–Organic Frameworks for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Liu Qing , Wu Bo , Li Mengyuan , Huang Yuanyu , Li Lele
Published: November 2021

Heterostructure nanoparticles (NPs), constructed by two single‐component NPs with distinct nature and multifunctional properties, have attracted intensive interest in the past few years. Among them, heterostructures made of upconversion NPs (UCNPs) and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can not only integrate the advantageous characteristics (e.g., porosity, structural regularity) of MOFs with unique upconverted optical features of UCNPs, but also induce cooperative properties not observed either for single component due to their special optical or electronic communications. Recently, diverse UCNP‐MOF heterostructures are designed and synthesized via different strategies and have demonstrated appealing potential for applications in biosensing and imaging, drug delivery, and photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this review, the synthesis strategies of UCNP‐MOF heterostructures are first summarized, then the authors focus mainly on discussion of their biomedical applications, particularly as PDT agents for cancer treatment. Finally, the authors briefly outlook the current challenges and future perspectives of UCNP‐MOF hybrid nanocomposites. The authors believe that this review will provide comprehensive understanding and inspirations toward recent advances of UCNP‐MOF heterostructures.
Late‐stage Modification of Coumarins via Aryliodonium Intramolecular Aryl Migration
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Yuxuan , Wang Limin , Han Jianwei
Published: November 2021

A novel approach concerning modification of coumarins with hypervalent iodine reagents was developed by an intramolecular aryl migration. The approach features new coumarin‐based aryliodonium salts for the formation of C(sp2)−O bond under transition metal‐free conditions. As a result, a family of functional coumarins bearing reactive C−I bond were produced efficiently. The products as useful synthons were demonstrated with coupling reactions for π‐expanded coumarin derivatives. Furthermore, the photophysical properties of the coumarin compounds were examined for their potential in material science.
Family Capabilities of Taiwanese Families Experiencing Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Peng Szu‐Yi , Wo Joseph , Hsiung Ping‐Chuan
Published: November 2021

Using the Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response Model as the guiding theoretical framework, this hermeneutic phenomenological study explores the lived experiences of individuals and families adapting to life with chronic heart failure (CHF). We analysed 17 interviews with either individuals or families from a medical centre in a metropolitan city in Taiwan. The processes of adaptation involved families’ efforts to reduce or manage demands by utilising their existing capabilities, to strengthen and expand coping strategies, and to change meanings that shaped how they responded to their situations. The findings demonstrate the roles of family capabilities and family meanings in the process of a family living with CHF.
Sentiment classification in social media data by combining triplet belief functions
Authors: Bi Yaxin
Published: November 2021

Sentiment analysis is an emerging technique that caters for semantic orientation and opinion mining. It is increasingly used to analyze online reviews and posts for identifying people's opinions and attitudes to products and events in order to improve business performance of companies and aid to make better organizing strategies of events. This paper presents an innovative approach to combining the outputs of sentiment classifiers under the framework of belief functions. It consists of the formulation of sentiment classifier outputs in the triplet evidence structure and the development of general formulas for combining triplet functions derived from sentiment classification results via three evidential combination rules along with comparative analyses. The empirical studies have been conducted on examining the effectiveness of our method for sentiment classification individually and in combination, and the results demonstrate that the best combined classifiers by our method outperforms the best individual classifiers over five review datasets.
Aspartate‐phobia of thermophiles as a reaction to deleterious chemical transformations
Authors: Villain Etienne , Fort Philippe , Kajava Andrey V
Published: November 2021

Prokaryotes growing at high temperatures have a high proportion of charged residues in their proteins to stabilize their 3D structure. By mining 175 disparate bacterial and archaeal proteomes we found that, against the general trend for charged residues, the frequency of aspartic acid residues decreases strongly as natural growth temperature increases. In search of the explanation, we hypothesized that the reason for such unusual correlation is the deleterious consequences of spontaneous chemical transformations of aspartate at high temperatures. Our subsequent statistical analysis supported this hypothesis. This finding reveals that organisms have likely adapted to high temperatures by minimizing the harmful consequences of spontaneous chemical transformations.
Experimental setup for beams with adjustable rotational stiffness: An educational perspective
Authors: Turker Hakan T. , Sagiroglu Serkan , Deliktas Babur
Published: November 2021

In structural analysis, the rotations of beams' supports are considered either completely fixed or completely free. Therefore, supports are idealized as fixed, pinned (hinged), or roller. In real structures, regarding rotation, the support behavior is neither fully rigid nor completely free and shows a semi‐rigid behavior in most cases. In this study, an educational test setup was created for a beam with semi‐rigid supports to examine the effect of semi‐rigid support on structural behavior. In this experimental setup, support conditions with different rotational stiffness can be obtained from pinned support to fixed support, which can be easily changed between the pinned and the fixed support. The physical equivalent of the rotational stiffness concept is shown in an easy and understandable way with the theoretical equations. A simulation tool based on the derived analytical equation is also developed using Mathematica Software. The simulation tool provides the users with a way to visualize the deformation of the system. The results of beam tests with different support conditions were compared with the results of the simulation, and the effects of semi‐rigid support on the beam behavior were shown. The results revealed that the semi‐rigid supported beam assembly created can also be used to examine the behavior of frame beams under vertical load. These simple novel experimental setup and simulation tools provided are convenient and useful approaches to demonstrate the structural concepts, including the semi‐rigid support and behavior of beams in a frame structure.
Identification of a genetic signature enriching for response to ibrutinib in relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma in the DAWN phase 2 trial
Authors: Balasubramanian Sriram , Hodkinson Brendan , Schuster Stephen J. , Fowler Nathan H. , Trotman Judith , Hess Georg , Cheson Bruce D. , Schaffer Michael , Sun Steven , Deshpande Sanjay , Vermeulen Jessica , Salles Gilles , Gopal Ajay K.
Published: November 2021

Background

The single‐arm DAWN trial (NCT01779791) of ibrutinib monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (FL) showed an overall response rate (ORR) of 20.9% and a median response duration of 19.4 months. This biomarker analysis of the DAWN dataset sought to determine genetic classifiers for prediction of response to ibrutinib treatment.

Methods

Whole exome sequencing was performed on baseline tumor samples. Potential germline variants were excluded; a custom set of 1216 cancer‐related genes was examined. Responder‐ versus nonresponder‐associated variants were identified using Fisher's exact test. Classifiers with increasing numbers of genes were created using a greedy algorithm that repeatedly selected genes, adding the most nonresponders to the existing “predicted nonresponders” set and were evaluated with 10‐fold cross‐validation.

Results

Exome data were generated from 88 patient samples and 13,554 somatic mutation variants were inferred. Response data were available for 83 patients (17 responders, 66 nonresponders). Each sample showed 100 to >500 mutated genes, with greater variance across nonresponders. The overall variant pattern was consistent with previous FL studies; 75 genes had mutations in >10% of patients, including genes previously reported as associated with FL. Univariate analysis yielded responder‐associated genes FANCA, HISTH1B, ANXA6, BTG1, and PARP10, highlighting the importance of functions outside of B‐cell receptor signaling, including epigenetic processes, DNA damage repair, cell cycle/proliferation, and cell motility/invasiveness. While nonresponder‐associated genes included well‐known TP53 and CARD11, genetic classifiers developed using nonresponder‐associated genes included ATP6AP1, EP400, ARID1A, SOCS1, and TBL1XR1, suggesting resistance to ibrutinib may be related to broad biological functions connected to epigenetic modification, telomere maintenance, and cancer‐associated signaling pathways (mTOR, JAK/STAT, NF‐κB).

Conclusion

The results from univariate and genetic classifier analyses provide insights into genes associated with response or resistance to ibrutinib in FL and identify a classifier developed using nonresponder‐associated genes, which warrants further investigation.

Trial registration: NCT01779791.
Long‐term evaluation (up to 7 years) of the use of a collagen matrix to treat gingival recession associated with noncarious cervical lesion: Report of two cases
Authors: Nunes Marcelo Pereira , Miguel Manuela Maria Viana , Silveira Renata Cimões Jovino , Ribeiro João Carlos Bittencourt , Santamaria Mauro Pedrine
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Gingival recession (GR) is a relevant clinical condition due to its high prevalence worldwide, which leads to aesthetic demands and dentin hypersensitivity. Collagen matrices have been associated with different designs of coronally advanced flaps (CAFs) to treat GR defects. However, the literature lacks long‐term follow‐up of this treatment option. The aim of this study is to present the long‐term follow‐up (up to 7 years) of two GR defects (associated or not with noncarious cervical lesion) treated with a CAF and a collagen matrix (CM).

Case presentation

Case 1 underwent a CAF associated with a CM to treat a single GR defect. After 7 years, Case 1 presented with 3 mm of recession reduction, which corresponds with the 85.7% of root coverage. Case 2 presented two GR defects associated with noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs). The NCCLs were partially restored with resin composite and then underwent a modified CAF for multiple defects and a CM. After 5 years of follow‐up, Case 2 presented with 1.5 and 2.5 mm of recession reduction, which corresponds with the average 83.3% defect coverage.

Conclusion

These two cases may show that CMs can provide long‐term stable outcomes in the treatment of GR defects.

Why is this case new information?

One of the cases is the first one to describe a 7 years of follow‐up after CAF+CM to treat gingival recession defects.

What are the keys to successful management of this case?

Correct material handling.

Adequate restorative protocol and surgical technique.

What are the primary limitations to success in this case?

Diagnose

Patient compliance.
Radial versus femoral secondary access for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Das Thomas M. , Shin Joseph , Czarny Matthew J. , Nanavati Julie , Resar Jon R. , Hasan Rani K.
Published: November 2021

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate the risk of procedural complications after TAVR using secondary radial access (RA) versus femoral access (FA) through a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the published literature.

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) entails both large‐bore arterial access for device delivery and secondary arterial access for hemodynamic and imaging assessments. It is unknown whether RA versus FA for this secondary access reduces the risk of procedural complications.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for observational studies comparing TAVR procedural complications in RA versus FA. Event rates were compared via weighted summary odds ratios using the Mantel–Haenszel method.

Results

Six manuscripts encompassing 6132 patients were included. Meta‐analysis showed that RA reduced the risk of major vascular complications (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.43–0.77, p < 0.001, I2 0%) and major/life‐threatening bleeding (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.36–0.59, p < 0.001, I2 0%) as compared to FA for secondary TAVR access. We also observed a reduction 30‐day mortality (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.38–0.79, p = 0.001, I2 0%), acute kidney injury (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.34–0.60, p < 0.001, I2 0%), and stroke and transient ischemic attack (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.27–0.67, p < 0.001, I2 0%).

Conclusions

RA reduced the risk of major vascular and bleeding complications when compared to FA for secondary access in TAVR. RA is associated with reduced risk of other adverse outcomes including mortality, but these associations may be related to selection bias and confounding given the observational study designs.
Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis in a low‐risk woman: a case report
Authors: Gagliardi Roberta , Sensi Caterina , Flaminio Giulio , De Canale Ettore , Vettor Roberto , De Carlo Eugenio
Published: November 2021

Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis is a rare but dangerous disease. With this work, we intend to show the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment in order to avoid complications. We also highlight the importance of local epidemiology to choose antibiotic prophylaxis for high‐risk procedures in selected predisposed patients.
Selective Synthesis of Bisdimethylamine Derivatives from Diols and an Aqueous Solution of Dimethylamine through Iridium‐Catalyzed Borrowing Hydrogen Pathway
Authors: Jeong Jaeyoung , Fujita Ken‐ichi
Published: November 2021

Bisdimethylamine derivatives are an important class of compounds in the polymer and pharmaceutical industries. However, existing methods for the synthesis of these compounds have several drawbacks such as low selectivity, use of toxic reagents, and generation of waste. In this study, a new system was developed for the selective synthesis of bisdimethylamine derivatives using a diol and dimethylamine as starting materials and an iridium complex bearing an N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand as catalyst. The starting materials were easily available, less toxic, inexpensive, and easy to handle. The reaction proceeded efficiently through a borrowing hydrogen pathway under aqueous conditions, without any additional organic solvent, to afford various bisdimethylamine derivatives in good to excellent yields.
Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of [2.2]Paracyclophane‐derived Fused Imidazo[1,2‐a]heterocycles by Groebke‐Blackburn‐Bienaymé Reaction: Accessing Cyclophanyl Imidazole Ligands Library
Authors: Stahlberger Mareen , Schwarz Noah , Zippel Christoph , Hohmann Jens , Nieger Martin , Hassan Zahid , Bräse Stefan
Published: November 2021

This report describes the synthesis of a [2.2]paracyclophane‐derived annulated 3‐amino‐imidazole ligand library through a Groebke‐Blackburn‐Bienaymé three‐component reaction (GBB‐3CR) approach employing formyl‐cyclophanes in combination with diverse aliphatic and aromatic isocyanides and heteroaromatic amidines. The GBB‐3CR process gives access to skeletally‐diverse cyclophanyl imidazole ligands, namely 3‐amino‐imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazines. Additionally, a one‐pot protocol for the GBB‐3CR by an in situ generation of cyclophanyl isocyanide is demonstrated. The products were analyzed by detailed spectroscopic techniques, and the cyclophanyl imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine was confirmed unambiguously by single‐crystal X‐Ray crystallography. The cyclophanyl imidazole ligands can be readily transformed to showcase their useful utility in preparing N,C‐palladacycles through regioselective ortho‐palladation.
The effects of CD148 Q276P/R326Q polymorphisms in A431D epidermoid cancer cell proliferation and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling
Authors: He Lilly , Takahashi Keiko , Pasic Lejla , Narui Chikage , Ellinger Philipp , Grundmann Manuel , Takahashi Takamune
Published: November 2021

Background

CD148 is a transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase that is expressed in multiple cell types. Previous studies have shown that CD148 dephosphorylates growth factor receptors and their signaling molecules, including EGFR and ERK1/2, and negatively regulates cancer cell growth. Furthermore, research of clinical patients has shown that highly linked CD148 gene polymorphisms, Gln276Pro (Q276P) and Arg326Gln (R326Q), are associated with an increased risk of several types of cancer. However, the biological effects of these missense mutations have not been studied.

Aim

We aimed to determine the biological effects of CD148 Q276P/R326Q mutations in cancer cell proliferation and growth factor signaling, with emphasis on EGFR signaling.

Methods

CD148 forms, wild‐type (WT) or Q276P/R326Q, were retrovirally introduced into A431D epidermoid carcinoma cells that lacks CD148 expression. The stable cells that express comparable levels of CD148 were sorted by flow cytometry. A431D cells infected with empty retrovirus was used as a control. CD148 localization, cell proliferation rate, EGFR signaling, and the response to thrombospondin‐1 (TSP1), a CD148 ligand, were assessed by immunostaining, cell proliferation assay, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting.

Results

Both CD148 forms (WT, Q276P/R326Q) were distributed to cell surface and all three cell lines expressed same level of EGFR. Compared to control cells, the A431D cells that express CD148 forms showed significantly lower cell proliferation rates. EGF‐induced EGFR and ERK1/2 phosphorylation as well as cell proliferation were also significantly reduced in these cells. Furthermore, TSP1 inhibited cell proliferation in CD148 (WT, Q276P/R326Q)‐expressing A431D cells, while it showed no effects in control cells. However, significant differences were not observed between CD148 WT and Q276P/R326Q cells.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrates that Q276P/R326Q mutations do not have major effects on TSP1‐CD148 interaction as well as on CD148's cellular localization and activity to inhibit EGFR signaling and cell proliferation.
A novel fuzzy and reverse auction‐based algorithm for task allocation with optimal path cost in multi‐robot systems
Authors: K Rajchandar , R Baskaran , Panchu K Padmanabhan , M Rajmohan
Published: November 2021

One of the most frequent issues in multiple robot implementation is task allocation with the lowest path cost. Our study addresses the multi‐robot task allocation challenge with path costs, the lowest computing time, and task distribution. Furthermore, it is usual for a robot's processing capabilities to be restricted to operate in various target environments. As a consequence, adequate processing power consumption would demonstrate the system's efficiency. Task allocation and path planning issues must be addressed regularly to ensure multi‐robot system operation. Task allocation and path planning issues must be addressed regularly to ensure multi‐robot system operation. The above‐mentioned serious challenge gets more complicated when system factors such as robots and tasks multiply. As previously stated, this article solves the issue using a fuzzy‐based optimum path and reverse auction‐based methods. The detailed simulation results indicate that the suggested methods can solve task allocation with the lowest path cost. A comparative study is conducted between the suggested algorithm and two existing commonly used techniques, the auction‐based and the Hungarian algorithms. Finally, the suggested method was run in real‐time on a TurtleBot2 robot. The findings show the suggested algorithm's efficiency and simplicity of implementation.
Minimum spanning tree‐based cluster analysis: A new algorithm for determining inconsistent edges
Authors: Şaar Fadi , Topcu Ahmet E.
Published: November 2021

In recent years, graph‐based data clustering algorithms have become popular as they perform connectivity‐based rather than centroid‐based partitioning. Methods related to minimum spanning tree (MST)‐based data clustering are types of graph‐based algorithms that can recognize arbitrary shapes of clusters by eliminating inconsistent edges from MST graphs. In all MST‐based data clustering algorithms, definition of inconsistent edges is the main problem that needs to be addressed. The longest edges in MST graphs are considered as inconsistent edges under ideal conditions. Nevertheless, outliers often exist in real‐world tasks, which makes the longest edges inaccurate cluster separation indicators. In this paper, we propose a new data clustering algorithm using MST and a critical distance method. The proposed algorithm solves the main issue of MST‐based data clustering, namely identifying and removing inconsistent edges to obtain clusters even in the event that the dataset contains some outliers. It begins by constructing the MST over a given weighted graph based on Euclidean distance and then splits up the graph into clusters by eliminating inconsistent edges using critical distance as a threshold. Integration of the advantages of both MST and critical distance methodology to obtain optimal clusters is the main contribution of this work. The conducted experimental analysis and results using different datasets prove that our proposed clustering algorithm yields better overall performance compared with the most common data clustering algorithms. Taking the Liver and Tumor datasets as an example, the proposed algorithm outperforms all other clustering algorithms with clustering accuracy equal to 0.579 and 0.660, respectively.
How Divalent Cations Interact with the Internal Channel Site of Guanine Quadruplexes
Authors: Zaccaria Francesco , van der Lubbe Stephanie C. C. , Nieuwland Celine , Hamlin Trevor A. , Fonseca Guerra Célia
Published: November 2021

The front cover artwork is provided by the TheoCheM group of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. The image shows that guanine quadruplexes have a stronger binding affinity for divalent cations than monovalent cations. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.202100529.
Natriuresis‐guided therapy in acute heart failure: rationale and design of the Pragmatic Urinary Sodium‐based treatment algoritHm in Acute Heart Failure (PUSH‐AHF) trial
Authors: ter Maaten Jozine M. , Beldhuis Iris E. , van der Meer Peter , Krikken Jan A. , Coster Jenifer E. , Nieuwland Wybe , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Voors Adriaan A. , Damman Kevin
Published: November 2021

Aims

Insufficient diuretic response frequently occurs in patients admitted for acute heart failure (HF) and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Recent studies have shown that measuring natriuresis early after hospital admission could reliably identify patients with a poor diuretic response during hospitalization who might require enhanced diuretic treatment. This study will test the hypothesis that natriuresis‐guided therapy in patients with acute HF improves natriuresis and clinical outcomes.

Methods

The Pragmatic Urinary Sodium‐based treatment algoritHm in Acute Heart Failure (PUSH‐AHF) is a pragmatic, single‐centre, randomized, controlled, open‐label study, aiming to recruit 310 acute HF patients requiring treatment with intravenous loop diuretics. Patients will be randomized to natriuresis‐guided therapy or standard of care. Natriuresis will be determined at set time points after initiation of intravenous loop diuretics, and treatment will be adjusted based on the urinary sodium levels in the natriuresis‐guided group using a pre‐specified stepwise approach of increasing doses of loop diuretics and the initiation of combination diuretic therapy. The co‐primary endpoint is 24‐h urinary sodium excretion after start of loop diuretic therapy and a combined endpoint of all‐cause mortality or first HF rehospitalization at 6 months. Secondary endpoints include 48‐ and 72‐h sodium excretion, length of hospital stay, and percentage change in N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide at 48 and 72 h.

Conclusion

The PUSH‐AHF study will investigate whether natriuresis‐guided therapy, using a pre‐specified stepwise diuretic treatment approach, improves natriuresis and clinical outcomes in patients with acute HF.
Impact of Cooling Profile on Refined Palm Oil Crystallization: Microscopic and Small and Wide‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering Investigations
Authors: Sainlaud Chloé , Taché Olivier , Testard Fabienne , Saiter Jean‐Marc , Bohin Maxime C. , Coquerel Gérard
Published: November 2021

Among the different possible strategies, thermal control is a major lever to control fat structure (i.e., triacylglycerols (TAGs) molecules organization and crystals morphology). In this article, the impact of thermal treatments on TAGs packing tendency contained in refined palm oil (RPO) is determined. Three cooling profiles are considered: slow, intermediate, and fast. Slow cooling induces the formation of β’ polymorphic form in sequence as 2Lβ’ then 3Lβ’ configurations. RPO rapidly cooled first crystallizes in α form before turning into the 2Lβ’ structure. At intermediate cooling profile, 2Lβ’ and 3Lβ’ are observed and another original phase ϕ is formed around 0°C. This phase has similarities with the sub‐α phase observed in cocoa butter which corresponds to a β’ subcell and presents the capacity of adapting its composition during cooling, leading to an increase of its interplanar distances by decreasing temperature.

Practical applications: In case of fats in food products, suitable cooling profile is a compromise between rheological properties of final product (thus, sensorial properties) and relative stability during storage. In this article, three different cooling profiles applied to RPO, leading to various crystal lattices are studied. These lead to systems with varying sensory properties and stability.
Fabrication of a Simple and Cheap Screen‐printed Silver/Silver Chloride (Ag/AgCl) Quasi‐reference Electrode
Authors: Ferreira Oliveira Ana Elisa , Pereira Arnaldo César , Campos de Resende Mayra Asevedo , Ferreira Lucas Franco
Published: November 2021

In this work, a silver/silver chloride ink is fabricated using two steps. First the silver ink is prepare using silver, nail polish and acetone. Then the silver ink is painted in a paper substrate and a silver chloride layer is deposited using a bleach solution. The result is the silver/silver chloride conductive ink. The silver ink is cheap ($2.49/g), well‐dispersive and very easy to fabricate. The materials were characterized by SEM and XRD. The Ag ink showed the formation of a continuous network throughout the silver ink film with fewer agglomeration. The effective chlorination process was also observed in the Ag/AgCl characterization. Since the Ag/AgCl substrate will be used as a quasi‐reference electrode, it is important to investigate the electrical properties. The Ag ink showed an average ohmic resistance of 2.27 Ω. The addition of the AgCl layer decreases the conductivity, as expected. In summary, the Ag/Ag/Cl ink developed is simple, well‐dispersed, cheap and with good conductivity. Therefore, it can be used as a conductive ink in the fabrication of quasi‐reference electrodes.
A survey of applied machine learning techniques for optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based networks
Authors: Mrabet Hichem , Giacoumidis Elias , Dayoub Iyad , Belghith Aymen
Published: November 2021

In this survey, we analyze the newest machine learning (ML) techniques applied in modern optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O‐OFDM) systems for access, core networks, and multi‐channel transmission. From rudimentary to more advanced approaches, ML is proven to be a gold standard technique for signal quality improvement when low transmitter modulation extinction ratio dominates in coherent O‐OFDM, and when stochastic‐induced nonlinearities are present such as parametric noise amplification in long‐haul transmission and the interplay between polarization‐mode dispersion and the Kerr‐induced nonlinearity. In addition, ML algorithms can effectively tackle determinist nonlinear distortions in O‐OFDM networks, as well as inter‐subcarrier nonlinear effects (ie, inter‐subcarrier four‐wave mixing and cross‐phase modulation). In essence, ML techniques could be potentially beneficial for any multi‐carrier approach (eg, filter bank modulation). The survey illustrates an extensive ML taxonomy for O‐OFDM based networks, covering supervised, reinforcement learning and unsupervised ML categories. The transmission performance of various ML‐assisted O‐OFDM systems is presented taking into account the ML computational complexity toward real‐time implementation. We also highlight the strict operating conditions for such systems under which a ML algorithm should perform classification, regression or clustering. Finally, the survey opens research issues and future directions toward ML implementation in radio‐over‐fiber (RoF) and 5G new radio (NR) systems.
The U.S. Inland Creel and Angler Survey Catalog (CreelCat): Development, Applications, and Opportunities
Authors: Lynch Abigail J , Sievert Nicholas A , Embke Holly S , Robertson Ashley M , Myers Bonnie J E , Allen Micheal S , Feiner Zachary S , Hoogakker Frederick , Knoche Scott , Krogman Rebecca M , Midway Stephen R , Nieman Chelsey L , Paukert Craig P , Pope Kevin L , Rogers Mark W , Wszola Lyndsie S , Beard T Douglas
Published: November 2021

Inland recreational fishing, defined as primarily leisure-driven fishing in freshwaters, is a popular pastime in the USA. State natural resource agencies endeavor to provide high-quality and sustainable fishing opportunities for anglers. Managers often use creel and other angler survey data to inform state- and waterbody-level management efforts. Despite the broad implementation of angler surveys and their importance to fisheries management at state scales, regional and national coordination among these activities is minimal, limiting data applicability for larger-scale management practices and research. Here, we introduce the U.S. Inland Creel and Angler Survey Catalog (CreelCat), a first-of-its-kind, publicly available national database of angler survey data that establishes a baseline of national inland recreational fishing metrics. We highlight research and management applications to help support sustainable inland recreational fishing practices, consider cautions, and make recommendations for implementation.
Safety evaluation of Lactococcus lactis IDCC 2301 isolated from homemade cheese
Authors: Kim Taeok , Mondal Shakti Chandra , Jeong Chae‐Rim , Kim So‐Rim , Ban O‐Hyun , Jung Young Hoon , Yang Jungwoo , Kim Soo‐Jung
Published: November 2021

For applications of microorganisms as probiotics in the food industry, safety evaluation has increasingly become important to ensure the health of consumers. Although people have been using various lactic acid bacteria for different purposes, some studies have reported that certain lactic acid bacteria exhibit properties of virulence and produce toxic compounds. Thus, it is necessary to examine the characteristics associated with lactic acid bacteria that are safe for use as probiotics. This research aimed to assess the safety of Lactococcus lactis IDCC 2301 isolated from homemade cheese using in vitro and in vivo assays, including antibiotic resistance, hemolytic activity, toxin production, infectivity, and metabolic activity in immune‐compromised animal species. The results demonstrated that the strain was susceptible to nine antibiotics suggested by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Whole‐genome analysis revealed that L. lactis IDCC 2301 neither has toxigenic genes nor harbors antibiotic resistance. Moreover, L. lactis IDCC 2301 showed neither hemolytic nor β‐glucuronidase activity. Furthermore, none of the D‐lactate and biogenic amines were produced by L. lactis IDCC 2301. Finally, it was demonstrated that there was no toxicity and mortality using single‐dose oral toxicity tests in rats. These results indicate that L. lactis IDCC 2301 can be safely used as probiotics for human consumption.
The hedging pressure hypothesis and the risk premium in the soybean reverse crush spread
Authors: Li Ziran , Hayes Dermot J.
Published: November 2021

This article formalizes Keynes's hypothesis that the need to attract speculative capital to match hedgers' trades will create a difference between the futures and expected maturity price. We expand this analysis to the soybean complex where we have speculators and hedgers in soybeans, soybean meal, and soybean oil. We focus on the crush spread because it is unlikely that hedgers will want to make simultaneous trades on the opposite side of soybean crushers in all three markets. We find strong evidence of a positive return to speculators who provide this liquidity.
Do oil shocks impact stock liquidity?
Authors: Zhang Qin , Wong Jin Boon
Published: November 2021

This paper investigates the impact of oil shocks on the stock liquidity of US listed companies. Using high frequency tick‐by‐tick intraday data and an innovative method to derive oil demand and supply shocks, we find evidence that differentiated oil shocks have distinctive influence on stock liquidity. Specifically, oil shocks driven by demand lower stock liquidity, whereas oil supply shocks have the opposite effect. Generally large corporations are more affected by oil demand and supply shocks. Further analysis reveals that oil, oil‐related, oil‐user and the broad market categories are most affected by oil shocks, but the effects on oil‐substitutes are minimum.
Single‐Cell, Single‐Nucleus, and Spatial RNA Sequencing of the Human Liver Identifies Cholangiocyte and Mesenchymal Heterogeneity
Authors: Andrews Tallulah S. , Atif Jawairia , Liu Jeff C. , Perciani Catia T. , Ma Xue‐Zhong , Thoeni Cornelia , Slyper Michal , Eraslan Gökcen , Segerstolpe Asa , Manuel Justin , Chung Sai , Winter Erin , Cirlan Iulia , Khuu Nicholas , Fischer Sandra , Rozenblatt‐Rosen Orit , Regev Aviv , McGilvray Ian D. , Bader Gary D. , MacParland Sonya A.
Published: November 2021

The critical functions of the human liver are coordinated through the interactions of hepatic parenchymal and non‐parenchymal cells. Recent advances in single‐cell transcriptional approaches have enabled an examination of the human liver with unprecedented resolution. However, dissociation‐related cell perturbation can limit the ability to fully capture the human liver’s parenchymal cell fraction, which limits the ability to comprehensively profile this organ. Here, we report the transcriptional landscape of 73,295 cells from the human liver using matched single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and single‐nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA‐seq). The addition of snRNA‐seq enabled the characterization of interzonal hepatocytes at a single‐cell resolution, revealed the presence of rare subtypes of liver mesenchymal cells, and facilitated the detection of cholangiocyte progenitors that had only been observed during in vitro differentiation experiments. However, T and B lymphocytes and natural killer cells were only distinguishable using scRNA‐seq, highlighting the importance of applying both technologies to obtain a complete map of tissue‐resident cell types. We validated the distinct spatial distribution of the hepatocyte, cholangiocyte, and mesenchymal cell populations by an independent spatial transcriptomics data set and immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: Our study provides a systematic comparison of the transcriptomes captured by scRNA‐seq and snRNA‐seq and delivers a high‐resolution map of the parenchymal cell populations in the healthy human liver.
Treatment outcomes and survival following definitive (chemo)radiotherapy in HPV‐positive oropharynx cancer: Large‐scale comparison of DAHANCA vs PMH cohorts
Authors: Lassen Pernille , Huang Shao Hui , Su Jie , Waldron John , Andersen Maria , Primdahl Hanne , Johansen Jørgen , Kristensen Claus Andrup , Andersen Elo , Eriksen Jesper Grau , Hansen Christian Rønn , Alsner Jan , Lilja‐Fisher Jacob , Bratman Scott V. , Ringash Jolie , Kim John , Hope Andrew , Spreafico Anna , de Almeida John , Xu Wei , O'Sullivan Brian , Overgaard Jens
Published: November 2021

We compare outcomes in two large‐scale contemporaneously treated HPV‐positive (HPV+) oropharynx cancer (OPC) cohorts treated with definitive radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy (RT/CRT). p16‐confirmed HPV+ OPC treated between 2007 and 2015 at PMH and DAHANCA were identified. Locoregional failure (LRF), distant metastasis (DM), and overall survival (OS) were compared. Multivariable analysis (MVA) calculated adjusted‐hazard‐ratio (aHR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI), adjusting for cohort, age, gender, performance status, smoking pack‐years, T‐category and N‐category and chemotherapy. Compared to PMH (n = 701), DAHANCA (n = 1174) contained lower TNM‐8T‐categories (T1‐T2: 77% vs 56%), N‐categories (N0‐N1: 77% vs 67%) and stages (stage I: 63% vs 44% (all P < .001). PMH used standard‐fractionation CRT in 69% (481) while 31% (220) received hypofractionated or moderately accelerated RT‐alone. All DAHANCA patients were treated with moderately accelerated RT; 96% (1129) received nimorazole (NIM) and 73% (856) concurrent weekly cisplatin. DAHANCA had shorter overall‐treatment‐time (P < .001), lower gross tumor (66‐68 vs 70 Gy) and elective neck (50 vs 56 Gy) doses. Median follow‐up was 4.8 years. DAHANCA had higher 5‐year LRF (13% vs 7%, aHR = 0.47 [0.34‐0.67]), comparable DM (7% vs 12%, aHR = 1.32 [0.95‐1.82]), but better OS (85% vs 80%, aHR = 1.30 [1.01‐1.68]). CRT patients had a lower risk of LRF (aHR 0.56 [0.39‐0.82]), DM (aHR 0.70 [0.50‐1.00]) and death (aHR 0.39 [0.29‐0.52]) vs RT‐alone. We observed exemplary outcomes for two large‐scale trans‐Atlantic HPV+ OPC cohorts treated in a similar manner. Concurrent chemotherapy was a strong, independent prognostic factor for all endpoints. Our findings underscore the need for a very careful approach to de‐intensification of treatment for this disease.
Three‐dimensional cell‐laden collagen scaffolds: From biochemistry to bone bioengineering
Authors: Nogueira Lucas Fabricio Bahia , Maniglia Bianca C. , Buchet Rene , Millán José Luis , Ciancaglini Pietro , Bottini Massimo , Ramos Ana Paula
Published: November 2021

The bones can be viewed as both an organ and a material. As an organ, the bones give structure to the body, facilitate skeletal movement, and provide protection to internal organs. As a material, the bones consist of a hybrid organic/inorganic three‐dimensional (3D) matrix, composed mainly of collagen, noncollagenous proteins, and a calcium phosphate mineral phase, which is formed and regulated by the orchestrated action of a complex array of cells including chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. The interactions between cells, proteins, and minerals are essential for the bone functions under physiological loading conditions, trauma, and fractures. The organization of the bone's organic and inorganic phases stands out for its mechanical and biological properties and has inspired materials research. The objective of this review is to fill the gaps between the physical and biological characteristics that must be achieved to fabricate scaffolds for bone tissue engineering with enhanced performance. We describe the organization of bone tissue highlighting the characteristics that have inspired the development of 3D cell‐laden collagenous scaffolds aimed at replicating the mechanical and biological properties of bone after implantation. The role of noncollagenous macromolecules in the organization of the collagenous matrix and mineralization ability of entrapped cells has also been reviewed. Understanding the modulation of cell activity by the extracellular matrix will ultimately help to improve the biological performance of 3D cell‐laden collagenous scaffolds used for bone regeneration and repair as well as for in vitro studies aimed at unravelling physiological and pathological processes occurring in the bone.