bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpretable Machine Learning of Two‐Photon Absorption
Authors: Su Yuming , Dai Yiheng , Zeng Yifan , Wei Caiyun , Chen Yangtao , Ge Fuchun , Zheng Peikun , Zhou Da , Dral Pavlo O. , Wang Cheng
Published: January 2023

Molecules with strong two‐photon absorption (TPA) are important in many advanced applications such as upconverted laser and photodynamic therapy, but their design is hampered by the high cost of experimental screening and accurate quantum chemical (QC) calculations. Here a systematic study is performed by collecting an experimental TPA database with ≈900 molecules, analyzing with interpretable machine learning (ML) the key molecular features explaining TPA magnitudes, and building a fast ML model for predictions. The ML model has prediction errors of similar magnitude compared to experimental and affordable QC methods errors and has the potential for high‐throughput screening as additionally validated with the new experimental measurements. ML feature analysis is generally consistent with common beliefs which is quantified and rectified. The most important feature is conjugation length followed by features reflecting the effects of donor and acceptor substitution and coplanarity.
Unique Photoactivated Time‐Resolved Response in 2D GeS for Selective Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Mohammad Reza , Hasani Amirhossein , Jaferzadeh Keyvan , Fawzy Mirette , De Silva Thushani , Abnavi Amin , Ahmadi Ribwar , Ghanbari Hamidreza , Askar Abdelrahman , Kabir Fahmid , Rajapakse R.K.N.D. , Adachi Michael M.
Published: January 2023

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sensors have a broad range of applications including healthcare, process control, and air quality analysis. There are a variety of techniques for detecting VOCs such as optical, acoustic, electrochemical, and chemiresistive sensors. However, existing commercial VOC detectors have drawbacks such as high cost, large size, or lack of selectivity. Herein, a new sensing mechanism is demonstrated based on surface interactions between VOC and UV‐excited 2D germanium sulfide (GeS), which provides an effective solution to distinguish VOCs. The GeS sensor shows a unique time‐resolved electrical response to different VOC species, facilitating identification and qualitative measurement of VOCs. Moreover, machine learning is utilized to distinguish VOC species from their dynamic response via visualization with high accuracy. The proposed approach demonstrates the potential of 2D GeS as a promising candidate for selective miniature VOCs sensors in critical applications such as non‐invasive diagnosis of diseases and health monitoring.
“What's going on?” Racism, COVID‐19, and centering the voices of Black youth
Authors: Butler‐Barnes Sheretta T.
Published: January 2023

This study examined the impact of COVID‐19 stress and experiences of racism on COVID‐19 adaptability and activism among Black youth. The protective role of perceived peer and adult social support were examined. Data were analyzed from 123 Black youth (Mage = 15.44, 63% girls) from a school district in the Midwest. The findings revealed that more social support from adults increased Black youth adaptability (e.g., “ability to think through possible options to assist in the COVID‐19 pandemic”). Perceived lower social support from adults predicted higher engagement in high‐risk activism, and higher levels of peer social support were associated with higher levels of high‐risk activism. Further, Black youth reporting higher levels of racism and adult social support were more likely to report higher levels of COVID‐19 adaptability. Black youth reporting higher racism and peer social support engaged in high‐risk activism. Black youth who reported high levels of racism and low perceived adult social support reported higher engagement in high‐risk activism. Research and practice implications that support Black youth during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the impact of racism and COVID‐19 stress on well‐being and activism are discussed.
A Genome‐Wide Association Study Meta‐Analysis of Alpha Angle Suggests Cam‐Type Morphology May Be a Specific Feature of Hip Osteoarthritis in Older Adults
Authors: Faber Benjamin G. , Frysz Monika , Hartley April E. , Ebsim Raja , Boer Cindy G. , Saunders Fiona R. , Gregory Jennifer S. , Aspden Richard M. , Harvey Nicholas C. , Southam Lorraine , Giles William , Le Maitre Christine L. , Wilkinson J. Mark , van Meurs Joyce B. J. , Zeggini Eleftheria , Cootes Timothy , Lindner Claudia , Kemp John P. , Davey Smith George , Tobias Jonathan H.
Published: January 2023

Objective

To examine the genetic architecture of cam morphology using alpha angle (AA) as a proxy measure and conduct an AA genome‐wide association study (GWAS) followed by Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate its causal relationship with hip osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Observational analyses examined associations between AA measurements derived from hip dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans from the UK Biobank study and radiographic hip OA outcomes and subsequent total hip replacement. Following these analyses, an AA GWAS meta‐analysis was performed (N = 44,214) using AA measurements previously derived in the Rotterdam Study. Linkage disequilibrium score regression assessed the genetic correlation between AA and hip OA. Genetic associations considered significant (P < 5 × 10−8) were used as AA genetic instrument for 2‐sample MR analysis.

Results

DXA‐derived AA showed expected associations between AA and radiographic hip OA (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.63 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.58, 1.67]) and between AA and total hip replacement (adjusted hazard ratio 1.45 [95% CI 1.33, 1.59]) in the UK Biobank study cohort. The heritability of AA was 10%, and AA had a moderate genetic correlation with hip OA (rg = 0.26 [95% CI 0.10, 0.43]). Eight independent genetic signals were associated with AA. Two‐sample MR provided weak evidence of causal effects of AA on hip OA risk (inverse variance weighted OR 1.84 [95% CI 1.14, 2.96], P = 0.01). In contrast, genetic predisposition for hip OA had stronger evidence of a causal effect on increased AA (inverse variance weighted β = 0.09 [95% CI 0.04, 0.13], P = 4.58 × 10−5).

Conclusion

Expected observational associations between AA and related clinical outcomes provided face validity for the DXA‐derived AA measurements. Evidence of bidirectional associations between AA and hip OA, particularly for risk of hip OA on AA, suggests that hip shape modeling secondary to a genetic predisposition to hip OA contributes to the well‐established relationship between hip OA and cam morphology in older adults.
Estimation of scopoletin from a polyherbal formulation composition using HPLC coupled with fluorescence detector through the concept of Design of Experiment
Authors: Khushali Khamar , Bansi Gadhiya , Samir Patel , Manan Raval
Published: January 2023

High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a fluorescence detector was used to analyse bioactive phytoconstituent scopoletin from a polyherbal composition derived from the extract prepared from roots of Argyreia nervosa, roots of Withania somnifera, and fruits of Tribulus terrestris. This analytical method was developed as a quality control tool for standardization of the composition to be formulated to enhance spermatogenesis. Chromatographic separation was achieved using Luna® (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 100 Å, 5 μm) C18 column as a stationary phase, and water (0.01 M glacial acetic acid):methanol: acetonitrile (60:20:20, %v/v/v) as the mobile phase; passed through the column at a set flow rate of 1.0 ml min−1. The elute in the flow cell was excited at 345 nm and the chromatogram was recorded at 444 nm as the emission wavelength. As a part of the analytical Quality by Design approach, systemic studies were conducted to identify potential risks affecting the critical attributes (area, resolution, retention time) of the analytical method, and mitigating the potential risks after optimizing the chromatographic parameters with the help of the Design of Experiment approach. The developed analytical method was subjected to the validation studies, which showed a linear relationship (r2 = 0.9982) between the concentration and the area corresponding to scopoletin peak in the concentration range 10–130 ng ml−1. The method was found selective, sensitive, and precise. The recovery of the scopoletin was found in a range 99.53–102.13%; confirming the accuracy of the analytical method. The amount of scopoletin was estimated to be 0.146%w/w from the polyherbal composition.
Prevent, address sexual misconduct by implementing key strategies
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: January 2023

Power dynamics play a significant role in sexual misconduct. And in the relationships that exist between a supervisor and an employee, or a faculty or staff member and a student, the employees and students are usually the vulnerable ones — and they expect their bosses, professors, or other authority figures to act in their best interests.
Heterogeneous α‐Diimine Nickel Catalysts with Improved Catalytic Performance in Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Ma Zhanshan , Xu Mengli , Zhu Ningning , Tan Chen , Chen Changle
Published: January 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Heterogenization can improve the thermal tolerance of olefin polymerization catalysts and result in good product morphology control, which are two important parameters for industrial polyethylene production. In this work, α‐diimine nickel catalysts bearing –OH or –ONa anchoring groups were designed and prepared. The anchoring groups can enable facile heterogenization of the catalysts on silica. The heterogeneous catalysts demonstrated enhanced thermal stabilities, along with high catalytic activity at 120 °C (up to 5.5 × 106 g·PE·mol·Ni–1·h–1). Furthermore, the heterogenization process results in the improvements of many other parameters, including polymer morphology control, catalytic activity (up to 1.9 × 107 g·PE·mol·Ni–1·h–1) and polyethylene molecular weight (Mn up to 2.3 × 106 g·mol–1). More importantly, the structure and properties of the polymer products can be controlled by catalyst structures, polymerization conditions and heterogenization to achieve good mechanical properties and elasticity.
Tuning Molecular Electron Affinities against Atomic Electronegativities by Spatial Expansion of a π‐System
Authors: Chulanova Elena A. , Radiush Ekaterina A. , Semenov Nikolay A. , Hupf Emanuel , Irtegova Irina G. , Kosenkova Yulia S. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu. , Shundrin Leonid A. , Beckmann Jens , Zibarev Andrey V.
Published: January 2023

2,1,3‐Benzochalcogenadiazoles C6R4N2E (E/R; E=S, Se, Te; R=H, F, Cl, Br, I) and C6H2R2N2E (E/R’; E=S, Se, Te; R=Br, I) are 10π‐electron hetarenes. By CV/EPR measurements, DFT calculations, and QTAIM and ELI‐D analyses, it is shown that their molecular electron affinities (EAs) increase with decreasing Allen electronegativities and electron affinities of the E and non‐hydrogen R (except Cl) atoms. DFT calculations for E/R+e⋅−→[E/R]⋅− electron capture reveal negative ΔG values numerically increasing with increasing atomic numbers of the E and R atoms; positive ΔS has a minor influence. It is suggested that the EA increase is caused by more effective charge/spin delocalization in the radical anions of heavier derivatives due to contributions from diffuse (a real‐space expanded) p‐AOs of the heavier E and R atoms; and that this counterintuitive effect might be of the general character.
Determination of optimum planting density of very small potato minitubers and appropriate pot size for maximizing seed tuber production in screenhouse conditions
Authors: Abitew Wubante Negash , Kakuhenzire Rogers , Enyew Melkamu
Published: January 2023

Tissue culture, aeroponics, and hydroponics have improved the production of first‐generation potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) minitubers in Ethiopia. However, some minitubers may be very small (<5 g) and would probably fail to survive in open‐field conditions. Thus, they are usually replanted in screenhouses in pots as single tubers/hills. The impact of pot size and number of minitubers that can be feasibly planted per pot to obtain optimal yield with little impact on progeny tuber size require investigation to optimize indoor seed potato production. Consequently, a screenhouse experiment was conducted at Adet Agricultural Research Center, Amhara, Ethiopia, between 2020 and 2021 to investigate the effect of seed density and different pot sizes on a number of tubers harvested per pot, per planted minituber, and average tuber weight (g). Experimental treatment factors were potato variety at two levels, pot size at three levels, and seed density at five levels. Five replications per treatment combination, each with four pots, were used. Analysis of variance, with seed density up to cubic component as single‐degree polynomial contrast, showed that the assessed variables were not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by potato variety. All two‐ and three‐way factor interactions except pot size by seed density for the number of tubers harvested per planted minituber were not significant (P ≤ 0.05). Pot size significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected the number of tubers harvested per pot and per planted minituber but not the average tuber weight. All the assessed variables were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by seed density. The number of tubers harvested per pot increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with increasing pot size and seed density. Polynomial regression showed that linear and quadratic components of seed density as a predictor of the assessed variables were significant (P ≤ 0.05); however, its polynomial components did not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) interact with main treatment factors. The estimated optimum seed density from the derivatives of the polynomial functions was five tubers per pot. The predicted minimum average tuber weight was 18.5 g, which is appreciably high for good open‐field minituber survival. Meanwhile, the 10‐L pot produced significantly (P ≤ 0.05) more minitubers than other pot sizes; however, it had the lowest production efficiency per unit area of screenhouse and per kilogram of culture substrate. Thus, 2‐ and 6‐L pots, each planted with five minitubers, irrespective of the potato variety are recommended to maximize productivity of minitubers and screenhouse space with little or no impact on progeny tuber size.
Identification of the key morphological sweetpotato weevil resistance predictors in Ugandan sweetpotato genotypes using correlation and path‐coefficient analysis
Authors: Osaru Florence , Karungi Jeninah , Odama Roy , Chelangat Doreen Murenju , Musana Paul , Otema Milton Anyanga , Oloka Bonny , Gibson Paul , Edema Richard , Ssali Reuben Tendo , Yencho George Craig , Yada Benard
Published: January 2023

Sweetpotato weevils (SPWs) can cause up to 100% yield losses in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas). Nevertheless, there has been limited success in breeding for SPW resistance globally. This is attributed partly to difficulty in screening for resistance because resistance to the SPW is complex and is mediated by several resistance indicators. Measuring all these resistance indicators is costly and time consuming. To enhance efficiency in selection for SPW resistance, there is need to profile and identify key resistance indicators. Potentially, this will better enable breeders to timely and precisely select for SPW resistance. The objective of this study was to identify the most efficient morphological resistance indicators against SPW. Thirty sweetpotato genotypes that varied in resistance to SPW comprising local collections, released varieties, and breeding lines were evaluated at three locations for two seasons in Uganda using an alpha lattice design. Data were collected on storage root yield, SPW root and stem damage, and weevil resistance indicators such as vine vigor (VV), ground cover (GC), vine weight (VW), storage root neck length (NL), latex content, cortex thickness (CT), and dry matter content (DM). Genotype means for all measured traits varied significantly except for CT. Negative relationships were observed between SPW root damage and GC, VW, CT, VV, NL, and DM. However, path coefficient analysis showed storage root NL (direct effect of −0.43, p < 0.001) as the most important morphological resistance indicator. Therefore, NL could be the most reliable predictor of resistance to SPW among breeding clones, especially at early breeding stages.
Limit‐cycle‐oscillation in DC bus system and its death through heterogeneous coupling
Authors: Subudhi Sanjeet Kumar , Maity Somnath , El Aroudi Abdelali
Published: January 2023

Stability of a complex DC bus system (DBS) is a significant design consideration because of its constant power load (CPL) characteristics of the tightly‐regulated load converter. In this paper, the dynamic properties of a stand‐alone buck‐type DBS are investigated based upon the closed‐form large‐signal‐averaged model. The stability‐analysis‐in‐large around the operation point shows that CPLs create a destabilizing effect on the system that can lead to severe voltage oscillation caused by discontinuity‐induced Hopf bifurcations, which are qualitatively different from the bifurcations we know for smooth dynamical systems. Instead, this paper also explores the application of “amplitude death (AD) technique” to stabilize the coupled oscillatory DBSs and show that how this technique with its necessary modifications, for example, the heterogeneity‐induced AD technique characterized by two or more coupled DBSs with mismatched frequency of oscillations can provide an efficient open‐loop control solution for stabilizing the coupled DBSs. Finally, simulations and experimental results are provided to validate all these concepts.
Different transpiration and growth patterns of the black locust plantation and natural oak forest on China's Loess Plateau
Authors: Lyu Jinlin , Li Guoqing , Otsuki Kyoichi , Yamanaka Norikazu , Wang Yuchao , Yue Ming , Du Sheng
Published: January 2023

Restoration of natural secondary forests and afforestation of introduced tree species are major effective measures for revegetation. The semiarid Loess Plateau region, characterised by fragile ecosystems and severe soil erosion, is a key area for ecological restoration and protection in China. To illustrate water use characteristics and adaptation to drought in the main forests in this area, we monitored the xylem sap flow of two typical adjacent forest communities with similar climatic characters, a secondary natural forest dominated by oak (Quercus liaotungensis) and a pure plantation of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), during 2011–2019 using Granier‐type thermal dissipation probes. Solar radiation (RS), air temperature, relative humidity (RH), precipitation and soil water content (SWC) were measured simultaneously. Throughout the whole study period, the mean diameter at breast height (DBH) and total sapwood area increased by 4.5 cm and 1.10 m2 ha−1, respectively in the oak forest and by 1.0 cm and 0.22 m2 ha−1, respectively in the black locust plantation. The monthly stand transpiration was jointly determined by phenological and meteorological factors. At the annual timescale, transpiration of the oak stand was significantly correlated with potential reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and rainfall in the previous year, whereas a significant positive relationship was detected between stand transpiration and SWC in the black locust stand. The analyses of differences between dry and wet years showed that the oak forest exhibited significantly different parameters in the regression analysis of stand transpiration to vapour pressure deficit (VPD), whereas only one parameter was clearly distinct in the black locust plantation, suggesting that its transpiration status did not fully recover even in wet years. The management of black locust plantations with weakened growth conditions should be adjusted under prolonged drought conditions. In contrast, oak forest can maintain the water balance and stable growth by efficiently controlling stomatal behaviour.
A two‐sex integrated population model reveals intersexual differences in life history strategies in Cooper's hawks
Authors: Millsap Brian A. , Gedir Jay V. , Abadi Fitsum , Gould Matthew J. , Madden Kristin
Published: January 2023

Integrated population models (IPMs) combine population counts with demographic data to improve the precision of estimates of population size and demographic rates. IPMs can also provide information on demographic parameters for which data are lacking (e.g., immigration) if other sufficient information is available. IPMs often use demographic data from one sex, usually females, implicitly assuming the chosen sex adequately represents the species' life history; for highly size‐dimorphic raptors, that assumption may not hold true. We developed a two‐sex IPM for a New Mexico population of the highly size‐dimorphic Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperii) from 2011 to 2020 and compared estimates of life history characteristics between sexes. Because we had data to directly estimate sex‐ and age‐specific probabilities of breeding, fecundity, survival, brood sex ratios, and emigration rates, we could indirectly estimate age‐specific immigration rates for both sexes. Our two‐sex IPM revealed that population growth was most strongly associated with increased immigration and decreased first‐year (FY) emigration in females and with after‐first‐year (AFY) survival in males. Most males that were recruited as new breeders in our study area were AFY residents, whereas most female recruits were AFY immigrants. All females that fledged in our study area and survived until their first breeding season bred in their first year, whereas only 3% of surviving FY males bred. We found evidence of density dependence in the survival of AFY males (r = −0.11, 95% credible interval = −0.36 to −0.03) and in AFY female immigration (r = −0.17, 95% credible interval = −0.27 to −0.12). Our findings reveal that male and female Cooper's hawks differ in their response to population density, and in how they contribute to population growth. Thus, sexual differences in vital rates can be an important consideration in raptor population models.
Antibody isotype epitope mapping of SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike RBD protein: Targets for COVID‐19 symptomatology and disease control
Authors: Contreras Marinela , Vicente Joaquín , Cerón José Joaquín , Martinez Subiela Silvia , Urra José Miguel , Rodríguez‐del‐Río Francisco J. , Ferreras‐Colino Elisa , Vaz‐Rodrigues Rita , de Fernández de Mera Isabel G. , Antunes Sandra , Domingos Ana , Gortázar Christian , de la Fuente José
Published: January 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) still poses a challenge for biomedicine and public health. To advance the development of effective diagnostic, prognostic, and preventive interventions, our study focused on high‐throughput antibody binding epitope mapping of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike RBD protein by IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies in saliva and sera of different cohorts from healthy uninfected individuals to SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected unvaccinated and vaccinated asymptomatic, recovered, nonsevere, and severe patients. Identified candidate diagnostic (455‐LFRKSNLKPFERD‐467), prognostic (395‐VYADSFVIRGDEV‐407‐C‐KLH, 332‐ITNLCPFGEV‐342‐C‐KLH, 352‐AWNRKRI‐358‐C‐KLH, 524‐VCGPKKSTNLVKN‐536‐KLH), and protective (MKLLE‐487‐NCYFPLQSYGFQPTNGVG‐504‐GGGGS‐446‐GGNYNYLYRLFRKSNLKPFERD‐467) epitopes were validated with sera from prevaccine and postvaccine cohorts. The results identified neutralizing epitopes and support that antibody recognition of linear B‐cell epitopes in RBD protein is associated with antibody isotype and disease symptomatology. The findings in asymptomatic individuals suggest a role for anti‐RBD antibodies in the protective response against SARS‐CoV‐2. The possibility of translating results into diagnostic interventions for the early diagnosis of asymptomatic individuals and prognosis of disease severity provides new tools for COVID‐19 surveillance and evaluation of risks in hospitalized patients. These results, together with other approaches, may contribute to the development of new vaccines for the control of COVID‐19 and other coronavirus‐related diseases using a quantum vaccinomics approach through the combination of protective epitopes.
How does climate affect the topography in tectonically active orogens
Authors: Hu Xiaofei , Zhang Yanan , Guo Jiaqi , Pan Baotian
Published: January 2023

A central theme in geomorphology is the quantitative determination of the relationship between topography and its controlling factors, such as tectonics, lithology, and climate. However, rather than relief and slope, channel steepness (ksn) is a more effective metric for topography, and together with the abundance of beryllium‐10 (10Be) erosion rate data, it provides a more convenient means of quantitatively revealing the relationship between topography and its driving factors. A power‐law relationship between ksn and 10Be erosion rates has been widely demonstrated, which indicates the dominant control of tectonics on topography, while the dominant control of climate has not been clearly revealed. In this study we selected nine tectonically active regions, comprising 241 catchments, covering a wide range of mean annual precipitation values, and by extracting ksn values and hypsometric curves, we obtained the relationship between ksn and erosion rates. The results show that the power‐law relationship differs between regions, largely due to differences in the erosion coefficient, K. After separating the influences of lithology and climate, we found that although soft sedimentary rocks will increase the erosion coefficient, precipitation plays the main role in controlling the erosion coefficient, resulting in a linear relationship between precipitation and K. This relationship clearly demonstrates the occurrence of higher relief under a drier climate, even with similar rates of tectonic uplift.
Blind modulation classification in multiple input and output‐orthogonal frequency division multiplexing using time‐frequency analysis and customized convolutional neural network architecture
Authors: PramodKumar Aylapogu , KiranKumar Gurrala
Published: January 2023

MIMO with OFDM is a powerful communication technology in both army and civilian environments. Because there is no prior knowledge of carrier state information or signal overlapping in MIMO‐OFDM systems, outdated probability and feature‐based approaches can be applied. However, these methods cannot easily be used to provide the channel characteristics. Blind modulation categorization is a critical stage in deploying 5G networks. The issue of blind modulation classification for a multiple input and output (MIMO) antenna system using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is investigated in this research. The independent component analysis (ICA) method has been used to separate the MIMO modulated signal, and the smoothed pseudo Wigner‐Ville distribution (SPWVD) with a Hamming window of 0.2 s has been used to analyze the time‐frequency characteristics of time‐domain modulated signals to get around the challenge of blind attenuation categorization in MIMO‐OFDM arrangements. The recovered time‐frequency characteristics are then transformed into red‐green‐blue (RGB) spectrogram pictures and a perfect‐tweaked customized CNN in which CNN (convolutional neural network) is integrated with LSTM (long short term memory) is used to categorize modulation kinds based on the illustrations of RGB spectrograms. Finally, a module for merging decisions based on majority voting was employed to combine the categorization findings of all receiving antennas. As a result, a customized CNN‐based blind modulation technique outperforms existing works to find the exact modulation type in the MIMO‐OFDM communication.
Structural plasticity‐based hydrogel optical Willshaw model for one‐shot on‐the‐fly edge learning
Authors: Wang Dingchen , Liu Dingyao , Lin Yinan , Yuan Anran , Zhang Woyu , Zhao Yaping , Wang Shaocong , Chen Xi , Chen Hegan , Zhang Yi , Jiang Yang , Shi Shuhui , Loong Kam Chi , Chen Jia , Wei Songrui , Wang Qing , Yu Hongyu , Xu Renjing , Shang Dashan , Zhang Han , Zhang Shiming , Wang Zhongrui
Published: January 2023

Autonomous one‐shot on‐the‐fly learning copes with the high privacy, small dataset, and in‐stream data at the edge. Implementing such learning on digital hardware suffers from the well‐known von‐Neumann and scaling bottlenecks. The optical neural networks featuring large parallelism, low latency, and high efficiency offer a promising solution. However, ex‐situ training of conventional optical networks, where optical path configuration and deep learning model optimization are separated, incurs hardware, energy and time overheads, and defeats the advantages in edge learning. Here, we introduced a bio‐inspired material‐algorithm co‐design to construct a hydrogel‐based optical Willshaw model (HOWM), manifesting Hebbian‐rule‐based structural plasticity for simultaneous optical path configuration and deep learning model optimization thanks to the underlying opto‐chemical reactions. We first employed the HOWM as an all optical in‐sensor AI processor for one‐shot pattern classification, association and denoising. We then leveraged HOWM to function as a ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) of an optical memory augmented neural network (MANN) for one‐shot learning the Omniglot dataset. The HOWM empowered one‐shot on‐the‐fly edge learning leads to 1000× boost of energy efficiency and 10× boost of speed, which paves the way for the next‐generation autonomous, efficient, and affordable smart edge systems.

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Investigating hypercalcaemia in cats and dogs
Authors: Tørnqvist‐Johnsen Camilla , Woods Glynn
Published: January 2023

Background: Hypercalcaemia is an important biochemical abnormality in dogs and cats and can lead to a wide variety of clinical signs, including polyuria, polydipsia and vomiting. It can be caused by several diseases of which the prognoses are variable. Both dogs and cats should undergo appropriate investigations, and cat owners in particular must be prepared for likely extensive investigation, excluding all known aetiologies, before a potential diagnosis of idiopathic hypercalcaemia. Understanding calcium physiology and pathophysiology can help both the general practitioner and referral practitioner streamline their investigation and achieve a rapid diagnosis. Hypercalcaemia has a well‐defined list of differential diagnoses and methodical investigation will allow the clinician to optimise patient outcome.

Aim of the article: This article describes a stepwise approach to the investigation of patients with ionised hypercalcaemia, and highlights some of the key differences between dogs and cats.
Enhancement of nutritional, antioxidant and potential antidiabetic properties of fermented maize flour by partial substitution with Curculigo pilosa and sensory attributes of its gruel
Authors: Karigidi Kayode O. , Akintimehin Emmanuel S. , Adetuyi Foluso O. , Akinola Oreoluwa O. , Olaiya Charles O.
Published: January 2023

Background

Curculigo pilosa (CP) is an important component of traditional medicine where it is used to treat diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. Despite this, its use as functional ingredient in foods has not been fully explored. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the effects of substituting fermented maize flour with CP on the potential antidiabetic, antioxidant and nutritional properties of fermented maize flour.

Results

Fermented maize flour was substituted with Curculigo pilosa flour at different percentage (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and it effects was evaluated on the potential antidiabetic, antioxidant and nutritional properties of the composite flours. Thereafter, the sensory attributes of its gruel were determined. The results showed that bioactive compounds, antioxidant and inhibitory abilities against α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase enzymes were significantly (p < 0.05) increased. Also, there was significantly reduction in the estimated glycemic index and in vitro starch digestibility of the composite flours. Protein, fibre, ash and fat contents were significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced while carbohydrate content was decreased in the flour blends. The mineral contents of the fermented maize flour was significantly (p < 0.05) increased upon substitution with CP. The sensory attribute scores of gruel (Ogi) made from different flour blends showed they were accepted although they were significantly (p < 0.05) lower when compared with the fermented maize flour without CP.

Conclusion

The results show that Curculigo pilosa could serve as functional ingredient in preparation of fermented maize flour.
Hydrogel Complex Containing the Antimicrobial Peptide HX‐12C Accelerates Healing of Infected Wounds
Authors: Chen Huifang , Song Yannan , Peng Yafang , Wang Meifeng , Dessie Wubliker , Duns Gregory J. , Xu Lijian , Luo Xiaofang , Qin Zuodong
Published: January 2023

Bacterial infections of the wound surface can be painful for patients, and traditional dressings do not effectively address this problem. In this study, an antimicrobial wound dressing is prepared using a novel antimicrobial peptide, HX‐12C. This hydrogel system is based on the natural biomaterials sodium alginate and gelatin, utilizing calcium carbonate as a source of Ca2+, and ionic cross‐linking is facilitated by lowering the solution pH. The resulting sodium alginate/gelatin HX‐12C‐loaded hydrogel (CaAGEAM) has good mechanical and adhesion properties, biocompatibility and in vitro degradability. Its extraordinary antibacterial efficacy (>98%) is verified by an antibacterial experiment. More importantly, in vivo experiments further demonstrate its healing‐promotion effect, with a 95% wound healing rate by day 9. Tissue staining demonstrates that the hydrogel containing antimicrobial peptides is effective in suppressing inflammation. The dressing promotes wound healing by stimulating the deposition of skin appendages and collagen. The results of this study suggest that composite hydrogels containing antimicrobial peptides are a promising new type of dressing to promote the healing of infected wounds.
Physicochemical Changes of Alginate and Polyacrylate Mixture Induced by Interactions of the Appended Units
Authors: Leontieş Anca Ruxandra , Băran Adriana , Ioniţă Gabriela , Matei Iulia , Mocanu Sorin , Baratoiu Rodica , Hristea Elena , Aricov Ludmila
Published: January 2023

This study aims to analyze the physicochemical properties of solutions containing the mixture of polyacrylates functionalized with alkyl chains moieties and alginate (Alg) functionalized with β‐cyclodextrins (CD). Functionalization of anionic polymers with host (CD) and guest units (alkyl chain) allow local host–guest interaction which determines discrete changes in properties of the resulted mixtures. The systems are investigated by surface tension, viscosity, and zeta‐potential measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV–vis, fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. Spectroscopic methods reveal the local changes induced by the formation of host–guest interactions in modified polyacrylates and modified Alg which explain the macroscopic parameters of solutions such as viscosity, surface tension, and zeta potential. The host–guest interactions stabilize the repulsive forces between the anionic polymers and influence the formation of intercoil of functionalized polyacrylates. The practical application comprises in crystal violet incorporation in the polymeric mixtures and reveals that dyes' properties, such as solubilization and stabilization, may be enhanced. Valuable information, related to the conformational changes generated by the particular formulations of these polymer mixtures, is obtained. The results have the potential applications in chemical sensing, molecular recognition, and the printing industry.
Targeting ferroptosis in cardio‐metabolic‐diseases: Mechanisms and therapeutic prospects
Authors: Zhang Jia‐Bao , Tong Jie , Sun Di‐Yang , Fu Jiang‐Tao , Li Dong‐Jie , Wang Pei
Published: January 2023

Cardio‐metabolic‐diseases (cardio‐metabolic‐diseases) are leading causes of death and disability worldwide and impose a tremendous burden on whole society as well as individuals. As a new type of regulated cell death (RCD), ferroptosis is distinct from several classical types of RCDs such as apoptosis and necroptosis in cell morphology, biochemistry, and genetics. The main molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis involve iron metabolism dysregulation, mitochondrial malfunction, impaired antioxidant capacity, accumulation of lipid‐related peroxides and membrane disruption. Within the past few years, mounting evidence has shown that ferroptosis contributes to the pathophysiological process in cardio‐metabolic‐diseases. However, the exact roles and underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This review comprehensively summarizes the mechanism of ferroptosis in the development and progression of cardio‐metabolic‐diseases, so as to provide new insights for cardio‐metabolic‐diseases pathophysiology. Moreover, we highlight potential druggable molecules in ferroptosis signaling pathway, and discuss recent advances in management strategies by targeting ferroptosis for prevention and treatment of cardio‐metabolic‐diseases.
Telehealth momentum under Medicaid likely to continue
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: January 2023

State governments are reporting that they likely will maintain expansions of telehealth services under Medicaid that were instituted in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, suggests a report released this month by Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF), some states are suggesting they may enact some limits on the flexibility they have afforded to providers of Medicaid behavioral health services.
Controlling the dynamics of a COVID‐19 mathematical model using a parameter switching algorithm
Authors: Danca Marius‐F.
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the dynamics of an autonomous mathematical model of COVID‐19 depending on a real bifurcation parameter is controlled by the parameter switching (PS) algorithm. With this technique, it is proved that every attractor of the considered system can be numerically approximated and, therefore, the system can be determined to evolve along, for example, a stable periodic motion or a chaotic attractor. In this way, the algorithm can be considered as a chaos control or anticontrol (chaoticization) algorithm. Contrarily to existing chaos control techniques that generate modified attractors, the obtained attractors with the PS algorithm belong to the set of the system attractors. It is analytically shown that using the PS algorithm, every system attractor can be expressed as a convex combination of some existing attractors. Interestingly, the PS algorithm can be viewed as a generalization of Parrondo's paradox.
FEM–DEM modeling of pseudo static experiments on scaled‐down rockfill dams with dry stone pitching
Authors: Haidar Ali , Vincens Eric , Dedecker Fabian , Plassart Roland
Published: January 2023

Rockfill dams with stone pitching are specific hydraulic structures generally built in the early XXth century where stones used to be hand‐placed without mortar to constitute the upward and downward dam faces. Few studies have been carried out to quantify the specific and critical role of the pitching in the dam stability against both static and seismic forces.

Herein, a numerical model is proposed to model pseudo‐static tests performed on four different scaled‐down rockfill dams with a stone pitching. A mixed FEM–DEM approach is used, and two different constitutive models were considered for the backfill. A validation of the numerical model is first proposed based on the scaled‐down tests. Then, the stone pitching displacement profiles and the dams safety factors against failure are analyzed and compared for the four studied cases. This study allows qualitative conclusions to be drawn and pave the way to upcoming investigations on actual structures of the same kind.
Female representation at the national level and women sport volunteering in European countries
Authors: Scharfenkamp Katrin , Wicker Pamela , Frick Bernd
Published: January 2023

This study examines the moderating effects of national female labor force participation, women in sport leadership positions, and female medalists in recent Olympic Games on women's probability to volunteer in sport. Based on social role theory and the similarity attraction paradigm, we predict that all three factors result in a higher probability of women to volunteer in sport, but with differences among age groups. Linear probability models before and after applying coarsened exact matching were estimated using data from the 2017 Eurobarometer (n = 18,529). The results show that women have a significantly lower probability to volunteer in sport in countries with high female labor force participation and a high share of women in leadership positions in sport organizations. The likelihood of women volunteering in sport is significantly higher in countries with a high share of female Olympic medalists. The age group‐specific analysis asking whether volunteering should be considered an investment in human capital by younger women and/or an acquisition of social capital by older women, reveals that a high presence of women among leaders in sport organizations and Olympic medalists is significantly positively correlated with the probability for young women to volunteer in sport. Managers and leaders of nonprofit sport organizations learn from our study that volunteering should be perceived as an investment in human capital by younger women rather than an attempt to acquire social capital by older women.
Job satisfaction and wellbeing among migrant care workers in nursing homes: An integrative review
Authors: Eriksson Elisabet , Jordal Malin , Hjelm Katarina , Engström Maria
Published: January 2023

Aim

To systematically analyse and synthesize studies investigating job satisfaction (including turnover and turnover intention) and wellbeing (physical, social and psychological including work stress, acculturation stress and sick leave) among migrant care workers in nursing homes.

Design

An integrated review was conducted.

Methods

Joanna Briggs Institute's manual guided the analysis of qualitative data (n = 31). Quantitative data (n = 17) were summarized and integrated with the qualitative findings.

Results

Migrants described high job demands, limited control and social support, and stress possibly related to acculturation. Although, compared to natives (born in the country), inconsistent results were reported about wellbeing and job satisfaction, migrant care workers reported enjoying the relational aspects of work and feeling pride when providing care. A satisfying work environment for migrant care workers enables them enjoying working in elderly care with pride.

Public Contribution

Help managers to promote an inclusive working life in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal number 8.
Fishhooks, fishing spears, and weaving: The bone technology of Madjedbebe, Northern Australia
Authors: Langley Michelle C. , Wallis Lynley A. , Nango May , Djandjomerr Djaykuk , Nadjamerrek Clarrie , Djandjul Raelene , Gamarrawu Ruth
Published: January 2023

Archeological assemblages of osseous material culture are rare in the Australian context, especially in the north where environmental conditions are not usually conducive to organic preservation. Nevertheless, more than 230 bone artifacts were recovered from the site of Madjedbebe, located in the Mirarr clan estate of the Alligator Rivers region of the Northern Territory. Of these artifacts, 199 have been identified to tool type. Here, we present the analysis of this exceptional assemblage, including the recovery of one‐piece jabbing fishhooks, numerous fishing‐spear tips, fragments of weaving tools, and possible osseous elements originating from ornamental pieces. The size and diversity of the Madjedbebe osseous technology assemblage is unique in the north and provides new insights into the lives of Mirarr peoples over the past 7,000 years.
Comparative study on annealing‐induced high‐impact toughness of linear and grafted polypropylene random copolymer
Authors: Liu Jingru , Lu Bingkun , Xiao Rui
Published: January 2023

In present work, the comparative study on annealing‐induced high‐impact toughness of linear and grafted polypropylene random copolymer (PPR and MPP) was performed. The changes of microstructure and mechanical properties of PPR and MPP upon annealing were investigated in detail. The results showed that maleic anhydride was grafted onto the backbone of PPR to form long‐chain branched structure. During the melt grafting process, the degradation reaction is dominant, giving rise to the decrease in molecular weight and degree of chain entanglement, and hence PPR demonstrates higher flexural modulus and impact strength, as well as lower elongation at break than MPP. The long‐branched chains perform the function of heterogeneous nucleation. The depressed chain entanglement facilitates the diffusion of polymer chains during the crystallization process, followed by higher total crystallization rate and crystallinity of MPP in contrast to those of PPR. Thermal annealing treatment promotes the secondary crystallization, and hence the crystallinity and crystal perfection of the polymer is elevated, resulting in enhanced mobility of the chain segments in the amorphous region. After annealing at 100°C for 3 h, the impact strength of MPP is 71% higher than that of its unannealed counterpart, while this value is increased remarkably by 153% for PPR. The existence of long‐branched chains may not be conducive to sufficient rearrangement of chain segments of MPP during the annealing treatment. As a consequence, the crystallinity and impact strength of PPR are elevated more pronouncedly in comparison with those of MPP after annealing treatment.
Students engagement in distant learning: How much influence do the critical factors have for success in academic performance?
Authors: Lin Weiyi , Zaman Syed Imran , Jamil Sobia , Khan Sharfuddin Ahmed
Published: January 2023

This research identifies the critical factors of student engagement and distance learning that will improve academic performance during a pandemic. The fuzzy Delphi method and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process method are applied to this research, which is a multicriteria decision‐making technique. A survey is conducted and evaluated based on experts' opinions. The social constructivism theory was selected to be applied here; it supports student engagement and distance‐learning factors' relationships with academic performance. After the analysis, the six most significant factors are evaluated. It is observed that Social isolation (C1), Technology effectiveness (C2), Social status enhancement (C3), Student Competency (C4), Motivation (C5), and Satisfaction (C6) are the highest‐ranking factors that increase academic performance. On the basis of the results, it is suggested that management's primary responsibility is to provide training and guidance to instructors/teachers to enhance, motivate the students, and create opportunities for every student to improve their academic performance in a pandemic situation through distance learning.