bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic states of electron plasma of semiconductors in the generalized Chapman–Enskog method
Authors: Sokolovsky S. A. , Sokolovsky A. I. , Hrinishyn O. A.
Published: February 2021

The hydrodynamic states of polar semiconductors are investigated. Such states are described by the temperature, mass velocity, and density of the number of particles of the electron subsystem, which is considered as rarefied one. The phonon subsystem of a semiconductor is considered to be equilibrium. The electron-phonon interaction in the system is described by the Fröhlich Hamiltonian. The theory is based on Bogolyubov’s linear kinetic equation for the electron distribution function in the presence of a weak electric field. The reduced description of the system is investigated by the generalized Chapman–Enskog method, which leads to a nonlinear equation for the electron distribution function in the reduced description. The zone structure of the system is neglected, focusing on the study of fundamental issues of relaxation of temperature and velocity. Gradients of hydrodynamic parameters are considered small; the same smallparameters determine the smallness of the electric field. In the basic order of the perturbation theory, the distribution function of the system satisfies a nonlinear equation. The method of spectral theory of the collision integral operator shows that the study of the basic approximation is reduced to an analysis of a first-order quasilinear equation, which, in particular, has a solution that we found earlier.
Heterophotocell based on super-line photoventil effect
Authors: Kovalchuk V. V.
Published: February 2021

The paper considers the superliner photovoltaic effect associated with the modification of heterojunctions of the рCu2S–nSi type by introducing a silicon nanocluster subsystem into it at the junction boundary. The design of a photocell containing two sequentially articulated p–n junctions of counter action, photoactive in different regions of the spectrum, is proposed.We show that film heterojunctions, which include a nanocluster subsystem, have a difference from the non-clustered version. Heterophotocells without nanocluster subsystem always have sublinear, or, in rare cases, linear lux-ampere characteristics (up to illumination ~ 5 104 lx), while because of introducing nanocluster centers into the base p-region of the Cu2S–Si heterojunctions, a significantly higher integral sensitivity is achieved at high illumination of the samples in the mode of a valve photocell.
Effect of gintonin on matrix metalloproteinase-9 concentration in tears during corneal wound healing in rabbits
Authors: Lee Ha-Eun , Kim Joon-Young , Jeong Soon-Wuk , Nah Seung-Yeol
Published: February 2021

It has been shown that gintonin, isolated fromPanax ginseng, can promote rapid corneal wound healing. We aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism and investigated whether gintonin affects the concentration of the extracellular matrix remodelling factor matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in tears during rabbit corneal wound healingin vivo. Twelve eyes (six rabbits) were divided equally into three groups. All eyes underwent corneal de-epithelialisation. The control group received Tearin Free sodium hyaluronate 0.1%, the solcoseryl group received solcoseryl-120 concentrate, and the gintonin group received 2.5 mg gintonin in sodium hyaluronate 0.1%. All preparations were administered for 5 days and the concentration of MMP-9 was measured in tears via ELISA on days 0, 1, and 5. MMP-9 concentrations in all groups were increased at day 1 and reduced at day 5. Of note, we found a significant change over the time frame for the gintonin group (P< 0.05) but not for the control or solcoseryl groups (P> 0.05) Moreover, increased MMP-9 levels between days 0 and 1, and their reduction between days 1 and 5, were significant in the gintonin group compared to those in the other groups (P< 0.05); however, and once more, these changes were not significant between the control and solcoseryl groups (P> 0.05). In conclusion, gintonin increases the concentration of MMP-9 rapidly within a day of injury, and decreasing it thereafter.
Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetics studies of five isoflavones in rat plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS after oral administration of Radix Astragali extract
Authors: Han Jianwei , Zhu Wenbo , Yu Ling , Chen Yajun , Wu Gaosong , Wang Zhibin
Published: February 2021

A rapid, sensitive and convenient method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside (CCSG), ononin, calycosin, (6aR,11aR)-9,10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-β-d-glucopyanoside (DPPG), and 7,2′-dihydroxy-3′,4′-dimethoxyisoflavan-7-O-β-d-glucopyanoside (DIFG) in rat plasma after oral administration of the methanol extraction from Radix Astragali. Theophylline played the role of internal standard (IS). Preparation of plasma samples by liquid-liquid extraction method with ethyl acetate after precipitation of protein with methanol. The analytes were detected with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometery (MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and a positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI). The method was validated with the concentration ranges of 1.96–62.69 ng/mL for CCSG, 1.70–54.5 ng/mL for ononin, 1.85–59.06 ng/mL for calycosin, 2.14–137.24 ng/mL for DPPG and1.96–125.25 ng/mL for DIFG, respectively. The method had the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) with 0.49, 0.21, 0.92, 1.07, and 0.98 ng/mL for CCSG, ononin, calycosin, DPPG and DIFG respectively, and the precision less than 10%. The RSD of the accuracy was in the range of −4.35–8.91%. The results may be helpful to provide more accurate references to clinical application of this herb.
CLASSIFICAÇÕES DO PENSAMENTO BRASILEIRO EM PERSPECTIVA SOCIOLÓGICA
Authors: Perruso Marco Antonio
Published: February 2021

Resumo Este artigo propõe uma classificação do pensamento brasileiro focada nos principais lugares sociais que continuamente têm fomentado a produção intelectual sobre o país. Tal proposição baseia-se na revisão de classificações consagradas do pensamento social e político nacional e em algumas obras exemplares na interpretação do Brasil. Mapeamentos do nosso pensamento não são numerosos; ademais, inexiste uma taxonomia que privilegie os espaços sociais, institucionais ou de classe por meio dos quais historicamente os intelectuais nacionais explicam o país. Tais lugares sociais, que recorrentemente ancoram reflexões dedicadas à realidade brasileira, são: o mercado, o Estado-Nação, a universidade (e instituições assemelhadas) e, por fim, as classes e movimentos sociais de extração popular.
A Sociologia de Roberto Campos e a construção de uma ordem liberal no Brasil
Authors: Perez Reginaldo Teixeira
Published: February 2021

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objeto o ideário social do diplomata, economista e político Roberto Campos (1917-2001). Com assumido viés ensaístico, e tendo-se como principal norte metodológico a análise conceitual, pretende-se tecer o entrecho desta peça textual indagando-se sobre o caráter da Sociologia desse ideólogo. Fundamenta-se esta escritura em face (i) da distância entre o notório relevo público e o (até agora) quase desprezo acadêmico-universitário conferidos a esse intelectual; (ii) de Campos ser reconhecido antes como um pensador do Estado. A resposta à indagação que preside o enredo deste artigo deverá auxiliar no esclarecimento: (i) de seus juízos - quiçá uniformes em toda a sua trajetória - sobre os elementos constituintes da sociedade brasileira, com destaque aos mecanismos conducentes, ou limitadores, à sua incorporação de uma ordem liberal burguesa; (ii) da exegese que busca descerrar as vestes ideológicas dos dois principais projetos que mobilizaram os economistas desde a metade do século XX no Brasil - o desenvolvimentista e o liberal (vertente econômica).
Políticos y periodistas: un bucle endogámico en los medios sociales: dominios compartidos en Twitter por diputados y periodistas españoles
Authors: FRANCH Pere , MICÓ Josep-Lluís
Published: February 2021

Resumen Se presenta el resultado de una investigación sobre cómo se usan las redes sociales en comunicación política; en concreto, acerca de cómo utilizan Twitter los políticos y los periodistas en España. Mediante el machine learning y con una herramienta creada ad hoc para llevar a cabo un seguimiento del rastro digital (Digital Trace Data) se han observado y analizado los hiperenlaces que han compartido los diputados españoles de la XII legislatura y los principales periodistas del país, desde junio de 2018 hasta mayo de 2019. Los resultados revelan una relación endogámica entre periodistas y políticos. Así, la interacción tanto dentro de cada grupo como entre los dos se desarrolla alrededor de los principales medios españoles, por lo que ambos colectivos comparten información dentro de un bucle autorreferencial que provoca un efecto echo chamber y anula las posibilidades de expansión del conocimiento que proporcionan las redes sociales y el acceso al hipertexto.
Esquema básico de metadados para representação descritiva de obras de arte em museus brasileiros
Authors: SILVA Camila Aparecida da , LARA Marilda Lopes Ginez de
Published: February 2021

Resumo Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar recomendações de diretrizes internacionais sobre a representação descritiva de objetos museológicos e, a partir delas, propor um esquema básico de metadados para representar obras de arte, considerando os contextos brasileiros. A proposta se justifica uma vez que parte dos museus locais declaradamente afirma não registrar suas coleções e que outra parte não adota recursos metodológicos para a catalogação. A metodologia utilizada teve apoio na literatura de terminologia, para o cotejo de metadados, bem como na norma de construção de tesauros da International Standard Organization nº 25964-1/2 e na literatura internacional, para a realização do mapeamento e do crosswalk das diretrizes selecionadas. Como resultado, foi elaborado um esquema concreto de metadados para orientar metodologicamente a descrição básica de coleções de arte, e foram feitas sugestões sobre sua utilização por museus de arte em nível nacional. A aplicabilidade do esquema foi verificada a partir de uma pequena amostra que buscou representar a diversidade das categorias da tipologia Artes Visuais presentes nos museus do Brasil. Acredita-se que a adoção de um esquema mínimo de metadados nas práticas catalográficas dos museus brasileiros poderá contribuir para uma maior organização das informações sobre as obras e permitir sua recuperação de modo mais consistente, potencializando o acesso às informações sobre essas coleções de arte no cenário nacional e internacional. A reflexão sobre o emprego de metodologias para o tratamento informacional das obras de museus põe em destaque a necessidade emergencial do uso de processos, de procedimentos e de políticas de gestão de coleções museológicas alinhados entre si, em função do desenvolvimento de boas práticas. Como continuidade do trabalho, está projetada a expansão do experimento para análise e para identificação de situações não previstas no uso da proposta.
Dynamic response of asymmetric bodies assuming a rocking behaviour
Authors: Belliazzi Stefano , Lignola Gian Piero , Cosenza Edoardo
Published: February 2021

The aim of the proposed work is to clarify the dynamic behaviour of asymmetric bodies in the case of rocking behaviour. The proposed algorithm is based on Housner theory and the integration of the equations of motion is evaluated with the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF45) method. The significant accumulation of numerical errors is evaluated during the integration between two consecutive acceleration points where the rotation sign changes owing to the adoption of an equation that is wrong. An iterative calculation is developed to reduce numerical error depending on a specific tolerance and, therefore, the algorithm accuracy is investigated. In addition, the reduction of energy due to the impact at the point of change of the sign of rotation is analysed by means of a restitution coefficient. It is important to note that this is highly dependent on the rigid block properties, and experimental programmes are required to calibrate the restitution coefficient properly. Sensitivity analyses are performed in order to clarify the effects of convergence parameters and tolerances on the results, due to high numerical instabilities. Furthermore, fragility curves are retrieved based on far-field and near-field sets of accelerograms proposed by the Applied Technology Council in 2008, ATC-63, and a critical discussion is provided concerning the most efficient intensity measure parameters.
Evaluating True Barriers to Dental Care for Patients with Periodontal Disease
Authors: T Treloar , SS Bishop , V Dodd , LM Shaddox
Published: February 2021

Background: The cost of care is often reported as a primary reason why patients fail to seek dental treatment; however, this may not the only component.
Early Osseointegration Attained by UV-Photo Treated Implant into Piezosurgery-Prepared Site Report II. Influences of Age and Gender
Authors: T Miyazaki , T Yutani , N Murai , A Kawata , H Shimizu , N Uejima , Y Miyazaki
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to examine the effects of age and gender on ISQ scales on 75 implant patients who received the UV photo functionalized implants, which were placed into piezosurgery-prepared site.
Störsicherer Anlagenbetrieb bei Einsatz von geregelten Antrieben
Authors: Sperlich Carsten , Linnebrink Hans , Bartscher Norbert , Wrede Holger
Published: February 2021

Frequenzumrichter speisen Antriebe mit nichtsinusförmigen Spannungen und Strömen. Diese dürfen den sicheren Betrieb von Anlagen nicht stören. Der Einfluss von Energieleitungen zwischen Frequenzumrichter und Motor auf parallelverlaufende Signalleitungen wurde untersucht. Das Ergebnis bestätigt die Empfehlung, in der Prozesstechnik unter Einhaltung bestimmter Vorgaben keine geschirmten Kabel einzusetzen.
A global model study of argon plasma chemistry used as propellant of a gridded ion thruster
Authors: Magaldi Bernardo Vieira , Pessoa Rodrigo Sávio , Sobrinho Argemiro Soares da Silva
Published: February 2021

The search for new propulsion devices for corrections and adjustments in the orbits of space systems composed of constellations of satellites in specific arrangements has progressively increased with the growth of requests for data transmission with greater speed and capacity. Electric propulsion is the best solution to reduce the propellant mass, in addition to allowing long mission times. Among the various types of thrusters, electrostatic thrusters have a better-defined physics, making possible the development of computational models for the study and optimization of their operational parameters. A global model was develed for a cylindrical ion thruster with the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) generator originated by the circulation of a radio-frequency current in an inductive coil that surrounds the thruster, having at the output a polarized grid extraction system accelerating the ionized argon gas (propellant). The global model is formed by charged and neutral particle balance equations and energy equations of electrons and gas. Neutral and excited species are accelerated by drift out of the thruster and ionized species accelerated for the reason of the electric field generated by the pair of polarized grids in direct current. The most in-depth study of argon plasma chemistry found that, among the various parameters that interfere with species density, the number of excited species has a direct influence on ionization, although it does not interfere much with ion density, what can be translated into a higher rate ion replacement, which is extremely important to gain thrust and specific impulse.
Review of the article “Metastatic testicular and epididymal lesions in a patient with advanced prostate cancer: a case report and literature review”
Authors: Shirokorad V. I.
Published: February 2021

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Depressive symptoms and automatic negative thoughts as predictors of suicidal ideation in Mexican adolescents
Authors: Secundino-Guadarrama Gabriela , Veytia-López Marcela , Guadarrama-Guadarrama Rosalinda , Míguez M. Carmen
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Since little is known about the factors associated with suicidal ideation in adolescents, identifying them is important for developing suitable preventive strategies. Objective. To analyze the variables associated with the presence of suicidal ideation, as well as the predictive power of depressive symptoms and negative automatic thoughts. Method. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 409 students between the ages of 15 and 19 randomly selected in a public school in the State of Mexico. An ad hoc questionnaire that gathered information on sociodemographic and psychological variables and substance use, the Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies (CESD-R), the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ-30), and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) were administered. Results. From the total of the sample, 14.9% presented suicidal ideation. A positive, significant association was observed between the latter and gender, having divorced parents, professing Catholicism, using tobacco and drugs, and having experienced violence and anguish in the last semester, presenting depressive symptoms, negative automatic thoughts and having attempted suicide. Being a woman (OR = 2.55 [1.02, 6.38]), using drugs (OR = 3.44 [1.23, 9.57]), having probable depression (OR = 4.37 [1.68, 11.36]), experiencing negative thoughts (OR = 6.03 [2.40, 15.10]), and having attempted suicide (OR = 22.66 [1.58, 325.29]) predicted the appearance of suicidal ideas. Discussion and conclusion. Risk factors for suicidal ideation in adolescents have been identified and they must be taken into account in preventive programs.
RAWAKEJA AND QASIREWIJA ACCORDING TO THE TEXTS OF LINEAR B
Authors: Pereshch V.
Published: February 2021

This article examines the terms rawakeja (an organization of lawagetas) and qasirewija (an organization of basileis) based on the evidence from documents written in the Linear B script. In an analysis of the Knossos text As 1516, the author finds that these organizations are groups that include a number of men who belong to specific settlements and are headed by lawagetas and basileis, respectively. Given the striking parallelism in this text between rawakeja and qasirewija, the author concludes that these organizations were similar in nature and performed similar functions. The study determined that a basileus, as a local leader, had the people from the area he headed under his control; these people themselves, subordinating to him within this organization, had to perceive him, first of all, not as a palace representative, but as their own, local leader. Analyzing the positions of the rawakeja and qasirewija in the text As 1516, the author concludes that the lawagetas played the same role in the Knossian rawakeja as the basileis played in their local qasirewija, and performed functions similar to those performed by the basileis, albeit on the scale of a metropolitan settlement; in addition, the lawagetas apparently had to coordinate the activities of all the basileis of the state. The lack of any clear evidence pertaining to the economic activities of rawakeja and qasirewija leads the author to reject the view that the activities of these organizations were related to the economic and craft sphere. Instead, the rawakeja and qasirewija, as groups of adult men recruited on the principle of living in one settlement, and being led by specific leaders, and as those who are dependent on the state, are comparable to the detachments of rowers listed in the An 610 tablet. All this, in turn, allows the author to draw the main conclusion that rawakeja and qasirewija are groups of men recruited by the state for the purpose of involvement in the military sphere.
MANAGEMENT ACTIVITY OF IP LVOV IN THE POSITION OF HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PEDAGOGY OF THE CHERNIGIV PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE (1952–1958)
Authors: Ostapenko A.
Published: February 2021

The article shows I. P. Lvov, сhairman of the Department for pedagogy of Chernihiv Pedagogical Institute.
I. P. Lvov worked as the Head of the Department of Pedagogy from 1952 to 1958. He developed didactic materials on pedagogy, logic and psychology. The curriculum for the second semester was analyzed, where the main tasks were students' educational work, advanced training of teachers and realization of рublic works under the teachers.
At the faculty meeting, the lecturers approved the Individual work plans of the members of the department, monitoring the lectures and pedagogical lessons from the point of view of scientific and methodological execution, control over the work of a laboratory assistant, review and approval of the work plan of pedagogical practice of students.
I. P. Lviv had intended to purchase a separate room for conducting psychological experiments. Unfortunately, the intention failed for unknown reasons. He controlled the quality of lectures and seminars on pedagogy, lectures on psychology, and reported on the visit by the directorate of the institute and individual members of the chair they reviewed.
In 1952, a pedagogical circle was formed at the department of pedagogy. I. P. Lviv was group leader of the circle at one of the meetings read a report "Modern problems of restructuring the science of psychology in the academician I. P. Pavlov".
I. P. Lviv appreciated the work of the laboratory assistant of the department of G. P. Svirid, pointing to her faithful discharge of her duties: providing students with educational and recommended literature.
The content of the documents of I. P. Lvov on an administrative post was analyzed and he was found that he made some comments in the report at the meeting of the pedagogy department of the Chernihiv Pedagogical Institute, as well as at the meeting of the Institute council concerning the issues that were in the report "On the condition of pedagogical science and eliminating its backlog" on the resolution of I. A. Kairov.
In 1955 I. P. Lvov was the head of the commission on State examinations of the correspondence department of the Russian language and literature of the Chernihiv Pedagogical Institute. Analysis of students' answers in pedagogy, according to I. P. Lvov, showed that most were positive answers, but some students had satisfactory grades, they did not possess good material in pedagogy.
SYNTHÈSE DES ÉCRITS SCIENTIFIQUES PORTANT SUR LES PRATIQUES D’ÉVALUATION DES APPRENTISSAGES ACTUELLES AUPRÈS D’ÉLÈVES DU SECONDAIRE AYANT UN TROUBLE DU SPECTRE DE L’AUTISME
Authors: Lamarche Marie-Aimée , Durand Micheline Joanne
Published: February 2021

De nombreux systèmes scolaires ont comme visée la réussite de tous les élèves, incluant ceux qui éprouvent des difficultés. Parmi ces derniers se retrouvent les jeunes ayant reçu un diagnostic de trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA). Plusieurs chercheurs se sont intéressés aux modalités permettant leur inclusion en classe ordinaire, tandis que d’autres ont tenté de développer des interventions permettant le contrôle de leurs comportements autistiques en milieu scolaire. Or, peu d’études semblent avoir abordé les pratiques mises en œuvre par les enseignants afin d’évaluer leurs apprentissages scolaires. Cette recension des écrits fait état des pratiques évaluatives actuelles permettant d’évaluer les apprentissages scolaires des élèves du secondaire ayant un TSA. À la lumière des textes analysés, trois thèmes principaux ont émergé soit: l’utilisation des plans d’intervention, l’utilisation d’outils standardisés et l’intérêt d’adapter les pratiques évaluatives. Les résultats nous ont permis de confirmer le manque de connaissances empiriques concernant les pratiques évaluatives mises en place auprès de ce type d’apprenant.
GARIMPO DAS PEDRAS. UM ESTUDO SOBRE AS RELAÇÕES ENTRE AS PESSOAS E AS COISAS DO PASSADO NA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Maurity Gabriela Pereira
Published: February 2021

A pesquisa visa à reflexão sobre o estatuto das coisas do passado, especialmente, as ametistas extraídas de um garimpo contemporâneo, aquelas recuperadas no registro arqueológico e outros artefatos arqueológicos, na vida de um grupo de garimpeiras/os no sudeste do estado do Pará, Amazônia. A partir de narrativas memoriais e das materialidades que compõem as paisagens cotidianas de Alto Bonito, ou “Garimpo das Pedras”, reflito sobre o passado presente na Amazônia. Ressalto a relação das pessoas com uma paisagem multitemporal, percebendo as camadas memoriais que se instauram no lugar, mostrando que, na Amazônia, cotidianamente, as coisas do passado convivem e têm agência no presente. A ametista entrelaça as histórias constituidoras da paisagem do garimpo. Sua dispersão pelo chão indica o tempo do trabalho e marca as histórias de vida das/os garimpeiras/os, cada mudança na paisagem está vinculada e ancorada na ametista. Elas ganham lugar especial dentro das casas e têm sentimentos e qualidades identificados por suas/seus donas/os, que também reconhecem lâminas de machado arqueológicas que são mobilizadas como fontes de memória. O contato com o patrimônio arqueológico se dá durante o trabalho e pelos caminhos onde há sítios arqueológicos, mas a cerâmica ali dispersa não é percebida. Essa não-relação talvez se justifique pelo olhar capturado pelas ametistas e sua busca cotidiana. É provável que por também serem “pedras” e por conservarem o brilho na superfície, as lâminas de machado atraiam o seu olhar. Assim, a pesquisa no Garimpo das Pedras mostrou que ametistas, citrinos e coriscos, de formas e intensidades diferentes, se fundem com as pessoas, as paisagens, o passado e o presente na Amazônia.

Palavras-chave: Cultura Material. Arqueologia. Amazônia. Garimpo das Pedras. Carajás.
A imagética do indígena do século XIX por Spix e Martius
Authors: Brito Ribeiro Helder Fabricio , Costa Vânia Torres
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo faz uma reflexão sobre a imagem do indígena produzida a partir das narrativas dos viajantes que percorreram a Amazônia no século XIX, especialmente as ilustrações resultantes da interação com os viajantes Johann Baptist von Spix e Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius. O estudo analisa a imagem como discurso produtor de sentidos a partir de autores estrangeiros, com o intuito de problematizar modos de dizer sobre os sujeitos locais, sua cultura, seus hábitos e seus costumes. As leituras das imagens têm como base as teorias de Martine Joly (2013) que nos permitem observar as imagens como signos que classificam os sujeitos como exemplares raros, estranhos, descontextualizados de suas culturas.
Badanie stabilności barwnych znaczników fluorescencyjnych w silnie zasiarczonych wodach złożowych
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Wojtowicz Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

The article presents the issues related to the determination of colored fluorescent tracers such as fluorescein, eosin yellowish, rhodamine B and uranine in reservoir waters by spectrophotometric method. For this purpose, the influence of the pH of the solution on the absorption spectra of the tested tracers was checked. Test results show that fluorescein, rhodamine B and uranine are sensitive to changes in the buffer pH, therefore it is advisable to use stable tracer solutions as well as to control and possibly correct pH in further tests. As part of the study, calibration curves of fluorescein, eosin yellowish, rhodamine B and uranine in distilled water, reservoir water A4 and highly sulfated reservoir waters A5 and A6 were plotted and the analytical methods were validated. Analytical validation included determination of linearity, standard deviation and relative standard deviation of the tested tracers solutions. High values of the regression parameters (0.9927–0.9998) of the analyzed tracers prove a good linear fit, while low values of standard deviation and relative standard deviation prove its repeatability and precision. Particular attention was paid to testing the stability of colored fluorescent tracers in highly sulfated reservoir waters. For this purpose, solutions of the tested tracers were prepared at concentrations of 10 mg/dm3 in distilled water, A4 reservoir water and highly sulfated A5 and A6 reservoir waters. Measurements of the tested tracers in the prepared solutions were performed every 2 days over the period of 1 month. The test results show that fluorescein, eosin yellowish, rhodamine B and uranine solutions are stable in the distilled water and A4 reservoir water, while they degrade in the A5 and A6 reservoir waters. Fluorescein and uranine turned out to be the most sensitive, as they degraded completely in the A6 reservoir water after 20 (fluorescein) and 22 (uranine) days. Yellowish eosin and rhodamine B turned out to be slightly more stable in highly sulfated reservoir waters, as they degraded completely in the A6 reservoir water after 24 days.
Metody wykrywania i pomiaru wielkości niezorganizowanej emisji metanu z elementów infrastruktury przesyłowej – wyniki projektu GERG Detection and Measurement of Fugitive Emissions of Natural Gas from the Transmission Systems
Authors:   Izba Gospodarcza Gazownictwa, Dyakowska Eliza , Przybył Adam ,   Operator Gazociągów Przesyłowych GAZ-SYSTEM S.A.
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of the project carried out by GAZ-SYSTEM in cooperation with 5 other European gas Transmission System Operators (TSO) – ENAGAS, Fluxys, Gasunie, Snam and GRTgaz. The objective of the project was to investigate and identify the most useful devices for detecting and measuring methane emissions from infrastructure components typical for the TSO. The market analysis showed that methane detectors utilizing different principles of operation are available, but there are much fewer devices for measuring emission rates. 5 devices were selected for tests: 3 exclusively for detection based on the D-1 (semiconductor sensor), D-2 (infrared optical gas detection system), D-3(laser technology) principle of operation, and 2 devices that also enable emissions measurement – P-1 (ultrasound imaging) and P-2 (quantitative optical gas imaging). Laboratory tests were carried out in March 2020 at the Enagás’ Metrological & Innovation Center (M&I); according to the approved program, methane leaks were generated from deliberately unsealed valves, flanges, threaded and open-ended pipe connections. Field tests were carried out at the measuring gas station near the M&I. The main purpose of the research was to verify the accuracy of the selected measuring instruments. It was carried out at different flowrate and various methane concentrations in the gas escaping from the components. Ease of use of the devices, their speed and range of operation were assessed. The results showed both the advantages and limitations of each device, and they clearly indicated that the assessment of methane emissions from gas transmission infrastructure components requires the use of at least two different devices. The results indicate that sniffer devices, characterized by the fact that the probe must be placed in the vicinity of the source of emission, give results similar to the FID Detector, most commonly used in Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) programs, but can be used in a wider range of methane concentrations. D-3 has a fast response time and a wide measuring range, but their unit of measurement i.e. ppm-m prevents the conversion of the results into methane concentration without additional measurements of the distance between the leak and the device. The P-1 and P-2 allow to measure the emissions in real time, while the measurement errors for both devices are comparable, ranging from about 70% to 100%.
The influence of base oil type on the rheological properties of ecological lubricating greases
Authors:   Łukasiewicz Research Network – The Institute for Sustainable Technologies, Kozdrach Rafał
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of research on the influence the type of base oil in lubricating compositions has on the rheological parameters of selected lubricants. Vegetable, mineral, and synthetic dispersion phases were used to produce lubricating greases. The modified amorphous silica was used as the dispersed phase. However, as a modifying additive was used a substance containing the antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, and EP/AW additives. The experiments on rheological properties were carried out using a Physica MCR 101 rotational rheometer (manufactured by Anton Paar), equipped with a diffusion air bearing and connected to a pneumatic supply – an oil-free Jun-Air compressor and air drying block. The device is equipped with a Peltier system for temperature control in the range of –20°C to 200°C and an external thermostatic VISCOTHERM V2 system, working in the temperature range of –20°C to 200°C. The rheometer control and measurement data analysis were performed using Rheoplus software. The tests were carried out using a cone-plate measuring system with a shear rate range of 0.01–100 s-1 at 20°C for lubricating compositions prepared on various oil bases. To evaluate the value of rheological parameters, the results of tests of the dependence between shear stress and shear rate (flow curves) were used. For the theoretical determined on the flow curves, the following rheological models were used: Bingham, Herschel–Bulkley, Casson, and Tscheuschner. The values of the shear stress (yield point) in depending on the type of dispersion phase has changed. This proves that the use of a base oil with the appropriate functional properties does not weaken, but reinforces the spatial structure of a lubricating grease. It has an important meaning when selecting construction parameters when designing a central lubrication system with grease made from a vegetable oil base (Abyssinian oil). The rheological properties of the lubricating grease are influenced by the type of base oil and thickener, any additives in the grease, the production technology of the grease, and the conditions in which it is used. The tests revealed an important influence of the base oil on the rheological parameters that describe the behaviour of lubricating compositions subjected to stresses and strains in a lubricating system.
Genetic examination of children with hearing impairment in the astrakhan region
Authors:   Silischev Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital, Astrakhan, 414011, Russia, Grigor’eva E. A. , Ivanova E. A. ,   Academician Bochkov Medical Genetic Research Center, Moscow, 115478, Russia, Markova T. G. ,   Russian Scientific and Clinical Center for Audiology and Hearing Prosthetics FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 117513, Russia,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Moscow, 125993, Russia, Chibisova S. S. ,   Russian Scientific and Clinical Center for Audiology and Hearing Prosthetics FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 117513, Russia,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Moscow, 125993, Russia, Bliznets E. A. ,   Academician Bochkov Medical Genetic Research Center, Moscow, 115478, Russia, Polyakov A. V. ,   Academician Bochkov Medical Genetic Research Center, Moscow, 115478, Russia, Tavartkiladze G. A. ,   Russian Scientific and Clinical Center for Audiology and Hearing Prosthetics FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 117513, Russia,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Moscow, 125993, Russia
Published: February 2021

To study the prevalence of mutations in the GJB2 gene in deaf and deaf children in the Astrakhan region and compare them with the frequency of mutations in children with hearing impairment living in other regions of the Russian Federation taking into account regional characteristics. This work describes the results of epidemiological, audiological analysis, medical and genetic examination of children. We examined 6 frequent recessive mutations in the GJB2 gene in a group of 79 hearing impaired children registered with the Regional Center for Hearing Rehabilitation. Mutations were detected in 36 children (46%), with two mutations found only in 18 children (23%), and another 18 children were carriers of the same mutation. In 9 children (11.5%), the 35 delG mutation was detected in the homozygous state and in 9 children (11.5%) in the compound heterozygous state with a different mutation. We have shown that the results obtained do not correspond to the high prevalence of gene mutations (more than 50%) in groups of children with hearing impairment, established in most regions of the Russian Federation, as well as in several countries in Europe, China and Japan. The large number of carriers of a single gene mutation indicates the need to study the entire gene sequence and may be a consequence of the mixed ethnic composition of the subjects.
Structure features of the temporal bone in patients with acquired post-inflammatory atresia of the external auditory canal
Authors:   National Medical Research Center of Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia,  Moscow, 123182, Russia, Diab Kh. M. , Daikhes N. A. ,   National Medical Research Center of Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia,  Moscow, 123182, Russia, Kondratchikov D. S. ,   National Medical Research Center of Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia,  Moscow, 123182, Russia, Korobkin A. S. ,   National Medical Research Center of Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia,  Moscow, 123182, Russia, Pashchinina O. A. ,   National Medical Research Center of Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia,  Moscow, 123182, Russia
Published: February 2021

Objective: Comparative analysis of the structure of the external auditory canal (EAC) according to computed tomography (CT) scans of the temporal bones in patients with acquired post-inflammatory atresia of the EAC and patients with safe chronic suppurative otitis media (SCSOM) without atresia. Patients and methods: 42 patients (43 ears) with acquired post-inflammatory atresia of the EAC and 11 patients (22 ears) with bilateral SCSOM without acquired atresia were included in the study. Based on the original axial СT images and multi-planar reformation images were measured: thickness of the anterior wall in bony part of EAC; anterior tympanomeatal angle and the distance from the lateral process of the malleus to the anterior wall of an EAC; lumen of the EAC in front of the tympanic sulcus. Results: The lumen of the bone part of the EAC in patients with acquired post-inflammatory atresia is 17,0% less than in patients with SCSOM without atresia; patients with acquired post-inflammatory atresia have a more acute anterior tympanomeatal angle (33° versus 68°) than patients with SCSOM without atresia. The thickness of the anterior wall of the EAC in the bone part in patients with acquired post-inflammatory atresia of the EAC does not statistically differ from the analogous parameter in patients with SCSOM without atresia. Conclusion: The revealed results indirectly indicate the presence of certain features of the structure of the external ear in patients with acquired post-inflammatory atresia of the EAC such as narrower anterior tympanomeatal angle and lumen of the bone part. These features of the EAC structure may contribute to the more likely development of post-inflammatory atresia development.
Use of the broadband tympanometry in audiological screening at newborns and at premature newborns with the different term of gestation
Authors:   National Medical Research Center of Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia,  Moscow, 123182, Russia, Sapozhnikov Ya. M. , Daikhes N. A. ,   National Medical Research Center of Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia,  Moscow, 123182, Russia, Machalov A. S. ,   National Medical Research Center of Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia,  Moscow, 123182, Russia, Karpov V. L. ,   National Medical Research Center of Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia,  Moscow, 123182, Russia, Kuznetsov A. O. ,   National Medical Research Center of Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia,  Moscow, 123182, Russia
Published: February 2021

The possibilities of the broadband tympanometry in audiological screening at newborns and at premature newborns with the different term of a gestation are studied. In view of the presence of age restrictions to application of the classical tympanometry at a frequency of probing tone of 226 Hz at children of the first year of life application of the broadband tympanometry is reasonable. Registration of the broadband tympanometry within audiological screening of newborns and children of the first year of life and also at premature newborns with different age of a gestation increases efficiency of diagnostics and allows to reduce amount of false positive results.
Effect of nasal cavity and nasopharynx architectonic disorders on the paranasal sinus development and sinusitis
Authors:   Irkutsk State Medical University,  Irkutsk, 664025, Russia, Subbotina M. V. , Kokhanov V. S. ,   Irkutsk State Medical University,  Irkutsk, 664025, Russia
Published: February 2021

The structure of the paranasal sinuses (PNS) is characterized by pronounced variability and largely depends on the state of the intranasal architectonics, the violation of which may be a predisposing factor for the development of sinusitis. Leading among the disturbances in the architectonics of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx are the nasal septum deviation (NSD), concha bullosa (CB), hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates and pharyngeal tonsil. This review presents an analysis of modern data on the influence of the architectonics of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx on the development of PNS and the formation of inflammatory processes in them. Sources of information - databases Medline, Pubmed, Cochrane, E-library from 2004 to 2019. The search was carried out by keywords. Criteria for inclusion of articles in the review: assessment of multispiral computed tomography of SNP of patients in axial and coronary projections, presence of a control group, sample size of more than 50 people. In the presented review, it is noted that types 3 and 5 of DNP according to the classification of R. Mladina, along with contralateral CB and adenoids, can be predictors of the development of sinusitis. Information about the side of sinusitis formation in relation to the direction of the deformity of the nasal septum, about the effect of other violations of the architectonics of the nasal cavity on sinusitis and the size of the SNP remains controversial. The reasons for the contradictions are the use of different classifications of DNP, the underestimation of the complexes of anatomical anomalies and the mechanisms of aerodynamics of the sinuses, which determine the greater dependence of the volume and ventilation of the sinuses on expiration than on inspiration. Taking these positions into account, the question of the influence of the architectonics of the nasal cavity on the development of the paranasal sinuses and the formation of the inflammatory process in them requires further study.
Rola i działalność Centralnego Towarzystwa Rolniczego w procesach modernizacyjnych wsi Królestwa Polskiego w latach 1907–1914
Authors: Biały Halina
Published: February 2021

Artykuł przedstawia rys historyczny i różne aspekty działalności Centralnego Towarzystwa Rolniczego (CTR) w Królestwie Polskim. Oficjalnie zainaugurowało działalność 11 III 1907 r. wzorem wcześniejszych zrzeszeń rolniczych, podejmując działania mające na celu modernizację rolnictwa i wsi w istniejących politycznych, społecznych oraz gospodarczych realiach zaboru rosyjskiego. Uzyskawszy rządowe pozwolenie na rozpoczęcie działalności, CTR prowadziło politykę gospodarczą oddziałującą na rynek towarowy i rynek pracy. W jej ramach funkcjonowały wydziały: Kółek Rolniczych, Społeczno-Ekonomiczny, Rolniczy, Hodowlany i Naukowo-Dydaktyczny, które realizowały zadania, mając na uwadze unowocześnienie i usprawnienie polskiego rolnictwa. Działalność przejawiała się m.in. w organizacji jarmarków, na których prezentowano np. inwentarz żywy czy maszyny rolnicze, ponadto organizowano odczyty, kursy, wycieczki rolnicze, podejmowano starania o szkolnictwo rolnicze na dobrym poziomie oraz propagowano prasę i książki na temat rolnictwa. Prowadzono też stacje i pola doświadczalne. Po zakończeniu I wojny światowej CTR skoncentrowało się na naprawie szkód wyrządzonych przez działania wojenne. Towarzystwo chwalebnie zapisało się w dziejach polskiego rolnictwa w aspekcie jego modernizacji i integracji środowiska związanego z polską wsią.
Ukradzione święto. Dożynki w PRL
Authors: Milewska Monika
Published: February 2021

Artykuł przedstawia historię dożynek w Polsce od czasów stalinowskich do lat 80. XX wieku. Pokazuje ich organizację i przebieg w poszczególnych okresach, jednak największy nacisk kładzie na ideologiczne znaczenie tego święta polskiej wsi „skradzionego” przez komunistów. Świadczy też o oporze Kościoła katolickiego i społeczności wiejskiej wobec zawłaszczenia przez władze wielowiekowej tradycji. Tekst powstał na podstawie badań archiwalnych przeprowadzonych w Warszawie, Krakowie i Gdańsku.
Spain
Authors: Skorupska Adriana
Published: February 2021

One objective of this chapter is to characterize the activities between Spanish communities and Chinese provinces and cities – their intensity, scope, advantages and obstacles that they face. The question relates to a broader perspective – the bilateral state government relations and the EU-China cooperation: is there any correlation between the relations at the state level and the regional level? Moreover, one of the ultimate goals of the whole project is to analyse the impact of the EU-China relations on paradiplomacy. Do the autonomous communities see any role of the EU in their activities with Chinese partners? Do they need any support from the European Union to have more intense or effective cooperation with this Asian partner?
INÓCULO MICROBIANO CON CAPACIDAD CELULOLÍTICA PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN DE COMPOST EN MANABÍ-ECUADOR
Authors: Guzmán Cedeño Ángel Monserrate , Zambrano-Pazmiño Diego Efrén , Conforme Álava María Auxiliadora , Vera Vera Beatriz Rocío
Published: February 2021

Dos aislados de Trichoderma (T. harzianum, y T. longibrachiatium) y una cepa de Bacillus spp se probaron como inoculantes en el proceso de compostaje. Las pilas (cilindros de 0.33 m3) estuvieron conformadas por una mezcla de cáscara de maní y porquinaza, residuo de camas profundas de un hato porcino. A las pilas se aplicó diferentes tamaños de inóculo: 200 mL/m3 (T1), 300 mL/m3 (T2) 400 mL/m3 (T3) y 0 mL/m3 (testigo-T4). Durante el compostaje se controló la humedad (alrededor del 60%) y temperatura que alcanzó 48.7°C en la etapa termofílica. A los 120 días del compostaje el pH osciló entre 6.94 y 7.12, los valores de conductividad eléctrica estuvieron entre 655-1362 µS cm-1, la relación C/N fue entre 16 y 29%, el primer valor correspondió al tratamiento con mayor aportación de inóculo. La composición química del compost fue muy similar en los cuatro tratamientos, con ligeros incrementos donde se aplicó mayor cantidad de inóculo, lo que indica un estado más avanzado de transformación de la materia orgánica compostada. El tratamiento 3 presentó el menor contenido de coliformes totales y fecales al final del período de compostaje con 5 x 101 y 1,33 x 101 NMP/g respectivamente. Se concluye que el inóculo contribuyó favorablemente al proceso de compostaje y por ende a la madurez y estabilidad del compost.