bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of polymeric vesicles with tertiary amine and epoxy functional groups via polymerization-induced self-assembly
Authors: Zhang Fen , Yao Qian , Li Yantao , Niu Yanling , Chen Xiaoqi , Zhou Haijun
Published: March 2023

Polymeric vesicles with tertiary amine and epoxy functional groups were fabricated via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization of 2-(diisopropylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DIPEMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GlyMA) in an ethanol-water mixture by using poly (ethylene oxide)-4-(4-Cyanopentanoic acid) dithiobenzoate (mPEG45-CPADB) as the macro-chain-transfer agent (macro-CTA). Biocompatible polymer mPEG45 with molecular weight of 2000 and 4-(4-Cyanopentanoic acid) dithiobenzoate (CPADB) were used for the macro-CTA synthesizing via the esterification reaction. Investigation of the degree of polymerization (DP) of the hydrophobic block P(DIPEMA-co-GlyMA) and the solid content indicated that both have significant effect on the particle morphology and particle diameter. 1H NMR and FTIR analysis indicated the existing of tertiary amine and epoxy functional groups on the produced vesicles.
Fixed point continuous monitoring system of oilfield skeleton and its application
Authors: Du Kai
Published: March 2023

Aiming at fixed monitoring well point in oil field monitoring deployment chaotic, block monitoring percentage change is big, suitable for lack of contrast data, and poor adaptability to changes in the cost problem, plane layout, well pattern deployment, give attention to two or morethings injection-production differences, etc., to determine the skeleton designated strip continuous monitoring, use the statistical methods such as cluster analysis, deep learning, combining with the field dynamic data changes, To optimize the deployment of well points, determine the principle of “skeleton well fixed continuous monitoring, nonskeleton well according to demand”, establish skeleton fixed continuous monitoring system, achieve the purpose of saving monitoring costs and improving the accuracy of reservoir evaluation. Research results show that the skeleton fixed-point continuous monitoring system to meet the needs of overall reservoir evaluation, more through rules deployment of a certain percentage of the skeleton well point and the fixed location monitoring of the stability can be compared to the continuity of the data, ensure the evaluation precision reservoir framework, at the same time using the non-framework change monitoring well balance monitoring proportion, key and the key blocks of costs change with a strong adaptability. Through research and field practice, it has been proved that the skeleton fixed-point continuous monitoring system combines oilfield monitoring deployment with traditional geological profile analysis mode, and realizes the fusion application of three system frameworks: dynamic monitoring, geological static and numerical simulation, which is helpful to promote the process of precise grid management of reservoir.
Information security protection technology of station and depot industrial control system of oil production plant
Authors: Liu Tianze
Published: March 2023

With the rapid development of Internet technology, as well as the development of informatization and industrialization in oil production enterprises, industrial control system of information security protection technology can make the efficiency improved, but once the invasion by the virus, can cause the control system failure, pressure, temperature, flow, liquid level, such as measuring index will appear problem, chain alarm detection system failure, Or the solenoid valve and power supply of various instruments are not supplied. Once a major hazard source is out of control, it will cause serious accidents and endanger the safety of operators and the ecological environment.
Discussion on technical countermeasure of improving development effect of low permeability reservoir
Authors: Li Xiang
Published: March 2023

Low PERMEABILITY RESERVOIR IS AN IMPORTANT MATERIAL FOUNDATION FOR STABLE PRODUCTION IN OLD AREAS, BUT DUE TO THE limitations OF reservoir physical properties, exploitation methods and other factors, the late production effect is poor, therefore, from the reservoir and development approach, the technical measures to improve oil recovery in low permeability reservoir are discussed. Based on the analysis of the factors influencing the development effect of double low reservoir and the geological characteristics of reservoir, from the viewpoint of seepage mechanics, this paper systematically classifies five indexes, such as main pipe radius, flow percentage, starting pressure gradient, clay mineral content and crude oil viscosity. The five-element combination evaluation method is used to optimize the low permeability point reservoir, and on this basis, favorable oil and gas accumulation areas are found. According TO THE DEVELOPMENT status of low permeability reservoir, reasonable injection-production network and well type are demonstrated to break the bottleneck of conventional low permeability water injection and improve the development benefit of low permeability reservoir.
Analysis of the exploitation potential of well DA1
Authors: Wang Lei
Published: March 2023

DA1 well exploited two sets of reservoirs, volcanic rock of Ying1 member and conglomerate of Ying4 member. In the initial stage of exploitation, the well had a high productivity. After an operation in 2010, the production situation of the well changed dramatically. In this paper, through the comparison of the production situation before and after the operation, the geological situation and the adjacent well, the operation pollution situation of the well is analyzed, and the exploitation potential of the well is analyzed, the measure scheme of plugging removal is put forward, and the stimulation prediction and economic benefit evaluation of the well are carried out, proving that the measure is effective and feasible.
Research on foaming agents for gas flooding in medium-temperature and high-salinity clastic reservoirs
Authors: Li Kexin , Ge Jijiang , Li Longjie , Li Jiasu , Chu Pengju
Published: March 2023

Anionic surfactants are commonly used as foaming agents in foam-enhanced oil recovery, but their performance is seriously affected by high temperature and high salinity environment. However, there are not many studies on the adsorption pattern and salinity resistance performance of anionic surfactants on solid surfaces. This study evaluated the foaming performance of several anionic surfactants suitable for hightemperature, high-salinity salinity reservoirs. It was found that α-olefin sulfonate (AOS) showed good foaming performance under high temperature and high salt condition. However, the solubility of the foaming agent was low in brine with a salinity of 11×104 mg·L-1. Therefore, a co-solvent (ABS), which is a strong hydrophilic alkyl benzene sulfonate, was chosen to be compounded with AOS in this study. In this study, a foaming agent with excellent foaming performance and solubility at a temperature of 90°C and a salinity of 11×104 mg·L-1 was constructed. The adsorption of the foaming agent was less than 0.3mg/g on the surface of quartz sand, and its foaming rate and foam decay half-life after three adsorptions maintained more than 85% of the original performance. The results of the study can guide the selection of foaming agents for gas injection and mobility control in medium temperature and high salinity clastic reservoirs.
Development of high strength polyvinyl alcohol gel for water shutoff in carbonate reservoirs
Authors: Chen Jin , Ge Jijiang , Wang Wenhui , Chen Pengfei , Chen Weixiong
Published: March 2023

To provide a high-strength, non-resin organic plugging agent for water shutoff in carbonate fracture and cave reservoirs, a high-strength gel was prepared with polyvinyl alcohol 1788 as gelant and p-phthalaldehyde as crosslinker in this study. By selecting latent acids rather than strong acid such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid as catalysts, and by adding clay and sulphonated phenolic resin as stabilisers to the gelation, the drawbacks of short gelation time of polyvinyl alcohol and high dehydration rate of the formed gel soaking in brine were overcame. The evaluation results showed that the gellant composed of 7wt% polyvinyl alcohol, 4wt% clay, 0.3wt% aldehyde crosslinker, 0.25wt% latent acid, 1.5wt% sulfonated phenolic resin, and 0.3wt% hexamethylenetetramine had a gelation time of 2 h at 130 °C. The storage modulus of the gel was up to 2000 Pa, and the dehydration rate of the gel after soaking in synthetic brine for 30 days was less than 15%. Furthermore, the breakthrough pressure gradient in a slim tube with a diameter of 3mm reached 15 MPa / m, which indicated that the gel is a temperature and salinity resistant plugging agent with strong plugging ability.
Hot-in-place recycling engineering application of low penetration aged asphalt
Authors: Shi Ning , Xiao Hongyu , Xiao Jiang , Liu Qi
Published: March 2023

Hot-in-place recycling of asphalt pavement is one of the important regeneration technologies of pavement engineering, which apply to the pavements with fewer diseases, excellent driving quality, slight rutting, and good pavement structural strength. However, the surface layer of some road sections was aging, the penetration index of aged asphalt at 25°C is lower than 20(0.1mm), which does not meet the recommended requirements of the criterion in China. In 2019, 3 sections of test projects were laid on the expressway, each section was 1 km, for confirming the feasibility of using hot-in-place recycling with asphalt penetration less than 20 (0.1mm) through physical engineering. Experimental results confirmed that Marshall stability, residual stability, dynamic stability and water seepage of the hot-in-place recycled mixture optimized by the recycled pavement material with a penetration of aged asphalt of 15 can meet the specification requirements, Pavement Condition Index (PCI), International Roughness Index (IRI), and Rut Depth (RD) of the test pavements are in good conditions.
Fine dissection of meandering river sand bodies under dense well nets
Authors: Liu Ye , Lu Hong , Hu Yun
Published: March 2023

The main oil layer of Grape Flower in X Oilfield has entered the late stage of high-extra-high water cut, and the remaining oil distribution is uneven, so as to ensure the development effect of the purpose block. Based on the theory of fine sedimentology, the sedimentation characteristics of PІ11 and PІ212 deposition time units were studied. Combined with the sedimentary and logging data of the meandering river delta, the logging facies model was classified in detail and established. Eleven microfacies of 2 subfacies in the delta and the delta shunt plain were identified. PІ11 and PІ212 deposition microphase layout maps were drawn. According to the sedimentary microfacies and conventional flooded logging interpretation data, four flooding distribution histograms were plotted to obtain the residual oil distribution law. The research results provide theoretical support for the later development adjustment.
Unit Commitment Considering the Different Frequency supporting capability of Synchronous Generators
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Xu Guoyi , Li Beibei , Han Lei
Published: March 2023

With the high penetration of renewable power in the power system, the inertia level and frequency regulation capability are reduced, the system frequency safety are facing a major challenge. Considering the different frequency support capability of the synchronous generators, the effect of adjustment coefficient of different units on the minimum frequency has been analyzed based on the sensitivity analysis. A multiobjective frequency constraint unit commitment model considering the sensitivity of adjustment coefficient is proposed, and simulation results show that the proposed model increases the minimum frequency value, improves the frequency stability of the power system.
Application Research on Zero Output of Double Low Pressure Cylinder of 600MW Unit
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhu Lingkai
Published: March 2023

Under the dual carbon target, the rapid development of new energy promotes the increasing peak shaving capacity of thermal power units as basic power sources. Taking 600MW unit as an example, this paper studies the feasibility of zero output of low pressure cylinder for heat supply transformation of 600MW unit, and analyzes the peak shaving capacity of the unit by cutting off double low pressure cylinder and single low pressure cylinder.
Study on Calculation of Inlet Steam and Inlet Water Flow of Drain Pump of Low Pressure Heater
Authors: Zhu Lingkai , Zheng Wei , Wang Qian , Zhong Ziwei , Gong Zhiqiang
Published: March 2023

In the traditional drainage system of low pressure heater of thermal power unit, the measuring point of drain pump is usually added to directly measure the water and steam flow of low pressure heater of drain pump with instruments. This method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the measurement results are affected by many environmental factors. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes an automatic calculation method based on the principle of heat balance.
The Detection Methods of Hydroxyl Radical: A Review
Authors: Huang Chenkun , Chen Qiuyue , Li Shengqiang , Wang Jian
Published: March 2023

Hydroxyl radical (·OH) can rapidly react with biological macromolecules, organic and inorganic substances on account of its strong oxidizing property, so it is widely used in sewage treatment, chemiluminescence analysis, biological macromolecule modification and other fields. The strengthening effect of Hydrodynamic cavitation on chemical reactions depends on the number of free radicals initiated by cavitation. These free radicals are highly reactive and react rapidly with pollutants and other species in wastewater. Therefore, the systematic summary of detection methods of hydroxyl radical and the description of its advantages and disadvantages can provide technical support for scientific researchers, and guides the research in the future.
Evaluation model and promotion based on the ecological characteristics of Saihanba
Authors: Wang Bingqi
Published: March 2023

Saihanba Mechanical Forest Farm is an important sand source control project area in China. In order to promote the excellent case of Saihanba to other regions of the country and even the Asia-Pacific region, we have established a Saihanba ecological environmental impact model and ecological engineering construction assessment model, to provide suggestions for the establishment of ecological protection areas in China and even countries in the Asia-Pacific region. This paper determined the index of Saihanba ecological influence evaluation system using frequency analysis method and theoretical research method, determined the TOPSIS weight based on entropy weight method, to establish a complete ecological and environmental influence evaluation system. Subsequently, the paper introduced the data of relevant indicators around 1962 into the evaluation system, which got good scores, indicating that Saihanba has a great positive impact on the ecological environment. On the basis of problem 1, this paper had redefined the index and weight, established the index system based on the sandstorm background in Beijing, and brought the relevant data of Beijing in recent years into the model, and the establishment of Saihanba had played a relatively significant optimization effect on all the indicators of the sandstorm in Beijing. In view of problem 3, this article was first divided into 9 different ecological system service functional zones according to the National ecological function zoning (revised version) proposed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Meanwhile, based on the TOPSIS model, proposed a modified model based on DPSIR. The model fully omitted the impact of ecological, economic, policy and other factors on the construction of ecological protection areas .Meanwhile, multi-objective planning method based on genetic algorithm was used to solve the above problems to determine the best number and scale of ecological reserves in the region.
Analysis of heating transformation of different types of thermal power units
Authors: Lao Jinxu , Zhang Hu , Zheng Wei , Shang Panfeng , Han Yue
Published: March 2023

This paper introduces the total heating capacity, total installed capacity, heating area change trend and unit transformation of direct regulating heating units in Shandong power grid in recent years. According to the operation data of condensing pumping units, back pressure heating units and cylinder cutting units in previous heating seasons, the heating and peak shaving performance of different types of cogeneration units of the same type, grade and grade in heating seasons are analyzed, It is convenient for the power grid dispatching department to more reasonably and orderly arrange the unit mediation plan of the province's thermal power plants according to the online situation of new energy and external power. At the same time, it is a reference for power generation enterprises to carry out flexible transformation according to the actual situation of units during the 14th Five Year Plan period, and take into account the low load peak shaving performance of units or the whole plant while increasing heating capacity.
Research on operation of low-pressure cylinder zero output heat supply retrofit unit
Authors: Lao Jinxu , Zhang Hu , Han Yue , Shang Panfeng
Published: March 2023

This paper introduces the technical route of the zero output heat supply transformation of low pressure cylinders in Shandong Province, the operation after the transformation, the impact on power grid dispatching, and the constraints on the normal operation of some units after the transformation, providing technical support for power generation enterprises to accurately implement the “three transformation linkage” transformation scheme and the accurate dispatching of the power dispatching center
Contemporary management of intracardiac thrombi: a tale of two clots
Authors: Branigan Ben , Brown Sam , Zavala Ryan , Merritt HelenMari
Published: March 2023

Intracardiac thrombi such as pulmonary emboli represent a high risk of mortality. In this case study, we review two cases of intracardiac thrombi occurring within 24 h of one another and managed differently by the same cardiothoracic surgical team, highlighting the importance of an individualized approach as well as an understanding of current guidelines and contemporary management techniques.
Comparative Study of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rhEPO)
Products on CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) Patients
Authors: Dwitanto Kuspuji , Angginy Nova , Sutandar Widodo
Published: March 2023

Purpose This study was conducted to evaluate whether the efficacy and
safety profile of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) manufactured by
Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd was similar to biological products approved by
the drug safety regulatory authority.

Patients and methods It was an open-label, randomized, comparative,
parallel, multi-center study in hemodialysis patients with anemia. The reference
product at an individualized dose 3 times a week was given in 4–8 weeks
of titration period and hemoglobin (Hb) level was controlled to reach the range
of 10–12 g/dL. Then, the subjects were randomly
administered with reference or test product with the same dose regimen. The
primary endpoints were to demonstrate the Hb level change between baseline and
evaluation period in both treatment groups, while the secondary endpoints were
the mean change in weekly dosage per kg body weight and the instability rate of
Hb level during maintenance and evaluation period. The safety was evaluated
based on the adverse events incidence.

Results There was no statistical difference in the change of Hb between
test and reference (0.14 g/dL and 0.75 g/dL
respectively, with p>0.05), also for the mean changes of weekly dosage
between groups (1091.40 IU and 570.15 IU respectively, with p>0.05). The
instability rate of Hb in both test and reference was not statistically
significantly different as well (26 and 15% respectively, with
p>0.05).

Conclusion This study proves that the efficacy indicated by the change
instability of Hb and safety indicated by adverse event incidence of Epodion and
the reference product on chronic kidney disease were similar.
Akute Weichteilinfektion mit drohendem Fingerverlust bei
Schnürfurchensyndrom einer 22-jährigen Patientin mit
palmoplantarem Keratoderm-kongenitalem Alopezie-Syndrom Typ II
Authors: Gugelmeier Moritz , Kostron Arthur , Poser Thomas , Schneider Lisa C. , Peitsch Wiebke K. , Fuchs Thomas
Published: March 2023

Wir berichten über die Behandlung einer 22-jährigen Patientin mit
akuter Weichteilinfektion im Bereich einer Schnürfurche bei
palmoplantarem Keratoderm-kongenitalem Alopezie-Syndrom (PPKCA) Typ II, einer
sehr seltenen Genodermatose mit weniger als 20 in der Literatur beschriebenen
Fällen. Bei vorbestehender Schnürfurche des rechten Kleinfingers
mit Hyperkeratose kam es durch eine additive Weichteilinfektion distal des
Schürrings zu einer Dekompensation des lymphatischen und venösen
Abflusses mit drohendem Fingerverlust. Durch die dringliche operative Versorgung
mit Entlastung und Sanierung der dorsalen Weichteilinfektion, mikrochirurgischer
zirkulärer Resektion des Schnürrings sowie Wundverschluss konnte
der Finger erhalten werden. Nach Weichteilkonsolidierung und ergotherapeutischer
Beübung erreichte die Patientin eine freie Beweglichkeit des
Kleinfingers bei subjektiver Beschwerdefreiheit mit gutem ästhetischen
Ergebnis.
Vom Wald auf die Intensivstation und zurück: Eine detektivische Aufarbeitung einer Knollenblätterpilzvergiftung
Authors: Murad Mohamad , Anslinger Teresa M. , Frank Daniel , Hohlstein Philipp , van den Burg Liette , Brozat Jonathan Frederik , Pollmanns Maike R. , Fromme Malin , Grünert Marie , Lubberich Richard , Wirtz Theresa H , Hamesch Karim , Trautwein Christian , Abu Jhaisha Samira , Koch Alexander
Published: March 2023

Mit über 90% der Todesfälle nach Pilzingestion gehört die Vergiftung mit Amatoxinen zu den gefährlichsten Lebensmittelintoxikationen. Trotz zahlreicher Fallberichte gibt es aufgrund fehlender randomisiert kontrollierter Studien lediglich limitierte Therapieempfehlungen.

Wir präsentieren den Fall eines 32-jährigen Patienten, der sich mit einem akuten Leberversagen nach Amanita phalloides (Grüner Knollenblätterpilz)-Ingestion vorgestellt hatte. Der Therapieerfolg wurde maßgeblich durch die Gabe von Aktivkohle, Silibinin und N-Acetylcystein sowie die beherzte Recherche eines Pilzsachverständigen ermöglicht.

In retrospektiven Studien konnte eine relevante Senkung der Letalität durch die genannten medikamentösen Maßnahmen gezeigt werden. Trotz der hohen geschätzten Ingestionsmenge konnten wir in diesem Fall die Effektivität dieser Kombinationstherapie bestätigen.

In dieser Fallübersicht soll neben der medikamentösen Therapie der Fokus insbesondere auf die außergewöhnliche Mitarbeit eines Pilzexperten gelegt werden, der durch sein investigatives Vorgehen die Verdachtsdiagnose sichern konnte und somit zum Therapieerfolg beigetragen hat. Ein zeitnaher Kontakt mit der zuständigen Giftnotrufzentrale und das Hinzuziehen eines Pilzexperten in unklaren Situationen wird daher empfohlen.
Ein kleiner Einblick zum besseren Verständnis der Homöopathie
Authors: Wolkewitz Nicole
Published: March 2023

Ein kleiner Einblick zum besseren Verständnis der Homöopathie
Prognostic Factors of the Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: Clinical Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in the Middle East
Authors: Ebrahimi Hannan , Esfandbod Mohsen , Ketabchi Seyed Mehdi , Yarandi Kourosh Karimi , Shirani Mohamad , Amirjamshidi Abbas , Alimohamadi Maysam
Published: March 2023

Aim Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare extra nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The optimal treatment for PCNSL is still unclear. In this study, we present our experience with management of PCNSL in a tertiary care center in Iran.

Methods In this retrospective study, 58 patients with tissue diagnosis of PCNSL were studied. All patients were treated with chemotherapy including intravenous high-dose methotrexate, rituximab and temozolomide and radiotherapy by the same oncologist. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.

Results The mean overall survival (OS) in this study was 37.4 ± 13.6 months and the mean progression free survival (PFS) was 35.1 ± 9.8 months. The mean time to progression was 15.2 ± 8.79 months among 8 patients who experienced progression in this series. Finding of a positive CSF cytology was not linked with disease progression, while HIV infection and multifocal involvement at initial presentation were strongly linked to a lower PFS. The single most important factor affecting the OS was the histopathologic type of the PCNSL; two of the three patients who died from their disease in this series had non-B cell PCNSL, whereas only one patient with DLBCL died because of brainstem involvement.

Conclusion The results of this study show a lower rate of HIV-infection in patients with PCNSL as compared to the series from the western countries. Non-B cell histopathology and HIV-infection were found to be associated with the dismal prognosis.
Endoscopically-Assisted Percutaneous Trigeminal Rhizotomy for Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study
Authors: Mathkour Mansour , Werner Cassidy D. , Dallapiazza Robert F. , Loukas Marios , Iwanaga Joe , Dumont Aaron S. , Tubbs R Shane
Published: March 2023

Objective Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a debilitating syndrome characterized by paroxysmal facial pain in one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The etiology and treatment paradigms are still controversial. The endoscopically-assisted procedure has not yet been described in percutaneous procedures for TN. The aim of this study was to assess the utility and feasibility of endoscopic-assisted percutaneous approaches for trigeminal rhizotomy in TN.

Methods This study comprised eight cadaveric sides heads that underwent an endoscopically assisted percutaneous approach using Hakanson's anterior puncture method for targeting the foramen ovale.

Results V3 exiting the foramen ovale was easily visualized with the endoscope on all sides. While approaching the foramen ovale, distal branches of V3 such as the lingual and inferior alveolar nerves were first identified as they traveled between the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles. These branches were then traced proximally to the V3 trunk deep to the lateral pterygoid. Large arteries and veins were easily visualized and avoided in the trajectory to the foramen ovale. No gross injury to any neurovascular structure along the course of the needle insertion was identified.

Conclusion We found that endoscopic-assisted percutaneous approach to the foramen ovale is feasible and allows for accurate canalization and anatomical identification of the precise location for rhizotomy under direct visualization. Such a procedure, after it is confirmed in patients, could offer a new technique for reducing unsuccessful canalization and could improve outcomes.
Validating the Efficacy of Two Burr-Hole Craniostomy over Mini-Craniotomy for Chronic Subdural Hematoma Drainage
Authors: Hegde Pranoy , Nayak Bharat , Madishetty Aditya , Perikal Parichay J. , Furtado Sunil V.
Published: March 2023

Background There is an increasing incidence of chronic subdural hematoma due to extended life expectancy and associated trauma and fall risk. This retrospective study evaluates the efficacy of two burr-hole craniotomy over mini-craniotomy.

Methods Sixty-five patients were recruited over 2 years, of which 56 were male and 9 were females. A patient with a chronic subdural hematoma either underwent burr-hole craniostomy or mini-craniotomy for hematoma evacuation. Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and modified Rankin score were used to assess the neurological status and interventional outcome at discharge and follow-up, respectively. A head CT scan was performed at 3 week and 3 month follow-up.

Statistical Analysis Categorical data are presented as frequency and percentage, while non-categorical data are represented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance for difference in outcome between the two groups was analyzed using the chi-square test and p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results The mean age of patients was 55.6 years. Headache (35 cases), hemiparesis, and altered sensorium were seen in 20 patients, each with the main presenting symptoms. Trauma history was noted in 69.2% of patients. One (3.7%) hematoma recurrence in the burr-hole group and four (8.3%) in the mini-craniotomy group was recorded. The mean operative time was longer in the minicraniotomy group (124.2 min vs. 75.4 min; p < 0.001). A higher incidence of recurrence was noted in the craniotomy group (8.3%) than the burr-hole group (3.7%). No statistical difference in the recurrence rate, duration of hospital stay, GCS at discharge, modified Rankin score between the two study groups at discharge was noted.

Conclusion Two burr-hole craniostomy is a safe and effective surgical option to treat chronic subdural hematoma. It is also validated in patients on anticoagulants and antiplatelet medications with adequate pre-surgical correction of coagulation parameters.
Clinical Profile and Outcome in Patients with Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage from a South Indian Tertiary Centre: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Sadasivam Anuusha Subathra , Nathan Balamurugan , Anbazhagan Sathia Prabhu
Published: March 2023

Objective Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurological condition that causes significant morbidity and mortality. It is known to have regional differences in its incidence. Indian studies have shown conflicting results about the incidence of aneurysms as the cause of SAH, varying from 35% to 80%. The data available on the epidemiology of spontaneous SAH in the South Indian population are very few. Our study aims to describe the clinical profile of patients presenting with spontaneous SAH to the emergency department in a tertiary center in South India and describe the factors influencing the clinical outcome.

Materials and Methods The study included 75 patients diagnosed with spontaneous SAH in our emergency department. Demographic data, medical history, details about the first medical contact, clinical features at admission, complications during the hospital stay, and interventions underwent were recorded. The study participants were followed-up at 6 weeks after discharge from hospital to assess the neurological outcome based on modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, using a 9-point questionnaire.

Results Of the 75 patients with spontaneous SAH, the majority were females, and in the age group of 50 to 69 years. The median time to first medical contact was observed to be 2 hours; and SAH was diagnosed at the first medical contact only in 37% of the patients. Hypertension was the most common comorbid condition associated with SAH (53%). Almost 80% of the patients who underwent angiographic studies had aneurysmal SAH (aSAH). Hydrocephalus was the most common complication seen in 37% of the patients, followed by hyponatremia (28%) and vasospasm (25%). At the time of follow-up after 6 weeks, we found that 36% of the patients were having a neurologically favorable outcome with an mRS score of 0 to 2, 8% of patients were having moderate to severe disability (mRS 3 to 5) and were living a dependent life. The mortality rate (mRS 6) was observed to be around 50% (6% lost to follow-up).

Conclusion We observed a relatively higher incidence of aneurysmal rupture among the patients with spontaneous SAH in our region. The misdiagnosis rate at first medical contact was higher. The mortality rate was observed to be around 50% at 6 weeks. Loss of consciousness at ictus, aneurysmal rupture, WFNS grades IV–V, hydrocephalus, vasospasm, hypernatremia, and delayed cerebral ischemia were found to be the mortality predictors in SAH.
Paravertebral Cerebrospinal Fluid Exudation in Young Women with Postdural Puncture Headache: A Hypothetical Interpretation based on Anatomical Study on Intervertebral Foramen
Authors: Kawahara Takashi , Atsuchi Masamichi , Arita Kazunori , Fujio Shingo , Higa Nayuta , Hanaya Ryosuke
Published: March 2023

Background Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is defined as a prolonged orthostatic headache secondary to a lumbar puncture. The mechanism underlying this unpleasant complication and the reasons explaining its higher incidence in the young are not well understood. Here, we speculate on the mechanisms underlying PDPH based on spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with PDPH and an anatomical study on the size of the intervertebral foramen.

Methods Brain and spinal MRI findings were examined in two young women with PDPH. The relationship between age and size of the intervertebral foramen on computed tomography was assessed in 25 female volunteers (22–89 years old) without spinal disease.

Results The causative interventions leading to PDPH were epidural anesthesia for painless delivery in a 28-year-old woman and lumbar puncture for examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a 17-year-old woman. These two patients developed severe orthostatic hypotension following the procedure. Brain MRI showed signs of intracranial hypotension, including subdural effusion, in one patient, but no abnormality in the other. Spinal MRI revealed an anterior shift of the spinal cord at the thoracic level and CSF exudation into the paravertebral space at the lumbar level. Treatment involving an epidural blood patch in one patient and strict bed rest with sufficient hydration in the second led to improvement of symptoms and reduction of paravertebral CSF exudation. The size of the intervertebral foramen at the L2–3 level in the 25 volunteers showed a decrease in an age-dependent manner (Spearman's rho −0.8751, p < 0.001).

Conclusion We suggest that CSF exudation from the epidural space of the vertebral canal to the paravertebral space through the intervertebral foramen, which is generally larger in the younger population, is the causative mechanism of PDPH.
Dystonias: Clinical Recognition and the Role of Additional Diagnostic Testing
Authors: Stephen Christopher D. , Dy-Hollins Marisela , Gusmao Claudio Melo De , Qahtani Xena Al , Sharma Nutan
Published: March 2023

Dystonia is the third most common movement disorder, characterized by abnormal, frequently twisting postures related to co-contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles. Diagnosis is challenging. We provide a comprehensive appraisal of the epidemiology and an approach to the phenomenology and classification of dystonia, based on the clinical characteristics and underlying etiology of dystonia syndromes. We discuss the features of common idiopathic and genetic forms of dystonia, diagnostic challenges, and dystonia mimics. Appropriate workup is based on the age of symptom onset, rate of progression, whether dystonia is isolated or combined with another movement disorder or complex neurological and other organ system features. Based on these features, we discuss when imaging and genetic should be considered. We discuss the multidisciplinary treatment of dystonia, including rehabilitation and treatment principles according to the etiology, including when pathogenesis-direct treatment is available, oral pharmacological therapy, chemodenervation with botulinum toxin injections, deep brain stimulation and other surgical therapies, and future directions.
Efficacy of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring during the Treatment of Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Gamblin Austin S. , Awad Al-Wala , Karsy Michael , Guan Jian , Mazur Marcus D. , Bisson Erica F. , Bican Orhan , Dailey Andrew T.
Published: March 2023

Objective The accuracy of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) during surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) to detect iatrogenic nervous system injuries while they are reversible remains unknown. We evaluated a cohort of patients who had IONM during surgery to assess accuracy.

Methods Patients who underwent surgical treatment of CSM that included IONM from January 2018 through August 2018 were retrospectively identified. A standardized protocol was used for operative management. Clinical changes and postoperative neurological deficits were evaluated.

Results Among 131 patients in whom IONM was used during their procedure, 42 patients (age 58.2 ± 16.3 years, 54.8% males) showed IONM changes and 89 patients had no change. The reasons for IONM changes varied, and some patients had changes detected via multiple modalities: electromyography (n = 25, 59.5%), somatosensory-evoked potentials (n = 14, 33.3%), motor evoked potentials (n = 13, 31.0%). Three patients, all having baseline deficits before surgery, had postoperative deficits. Among the 89 patients without an IONM change, 4 showed worsened postoperative deficits, which were also seen at last follow-up. The sensitivity of IONM for predicting postoperative neurological change was 42.86% and the specificity was 68.55%. However, most patients (124, 94.7%) in whom IONM was used showed no worsened neurological deficit.

Conclusion IONM shows potential in ensuring stable postoperative neurological outcomes in most patients; however, its clinical use and supportive guidelines remain controversial. In our series, prediction of neurological deficits was poor in contrast to some previous studies. Further refinement of clinical and electrophysiological variables is needed to uniformly predict postoperative neurological outcomes.
American Academy of Audiology Position Statement on Early Identification of Cytomegalovirus in Newborns
Authors: Kettler Maggie , Shoup Angela , Moats Shelley , Steuerwald Wendy , Jones Sarah , Stiell Stacy Claycomb , Chappetto Jenni
Published: March 2023

Abstract The American Academy of Audiology recommends early identification of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) through screening to allow for appropriate early diagnosis, intervention, and monitoring for congenital, progressive, and delayed-onset hearing loss in infants
with cCMV.Early identification of cCMV is a valuable component in the diagnostic evaluation of infants with sensorineural hearing loss. The Academy recognizes the important role audiologists serve as clinical care providers and educators and advocates for early identification and audiological
management of infants with cCMV.
Bismuth as antiferroelectric phase-stabilizer in Pb(ZrSn)TiO3: Designing of a material with large strain and shape memory effect
Authors: Kumar Hitesh , Dubey Divya Prakash , Chatterjee Ratnamala
Published: March 2023

This work highlights antiferroelectric (AFE) phase stabilizing effect of Bi substitution at the A-site in Pb[(Zr0.7Sn0.3)0.938Ti0.062]O3. The composition Pb0.985Bi0.01(Zr0.7Sn0.3)0.938Ti0.062O3 with 1% Bi substitution lies just outside the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) toward the AFE side and allows an electric field driven atomic rearrangement for a disordered state. The disorder and randomness introduced through this substitution is seen to impact the electromechanical property like strain, quite drastically (Smax ∼ 0.3%). Keeping the optimal Bi inclusion and Zr: Sn as 70:30, the B-site of Pb0.985Bi0.01[(Zr0.7Sn0.3)xTi1-x]O3, is varied. The system is brought back to MPB for x = 0.933, and strain values of Smax ∼ 0.44% and a remnant strain Srem ∼ 0.27% are obtained for the optimized MPB composition Pb0.985Bi0.01[(Zr0.7Sn0.3)0.933Ti0.067]O3.
Flopping-mode spin qubit in a Si-MOS quantum dot
Authors: Hu Rui-Zi , Ma Rong-Long , Ni Ming , Zhou Yuan , Chu Ning , Liao Wei-Zhu , Kong Zhen-Zhen , Cao Gang , Wang Gui-Lei , Li Hai-Ou , Guo Guo-Ping
Published: March 2023

Spin qubits based on silicon metal-oxide semiconductor (Si-MOS) quantum dots (QDs) are promising platforms for large-scale quantum computers. To control spin qubits in QDs, electric dipole spin resonance (EDSR) has been most commonly used in recent years. By delocalizing an electron across a double quantum dots charge state, “flopping-mode” EDSR has been realized in Si/SiGe QDs. Here, we demonstrate a flopping-mode spin qubit in a Si-MOS QD via Elzerman single-shot readout. When changing the detuning with a fixed drive power, we achieve s-shape spin resonance frequencies, an order of magnitude improvement in the spin Rabi frequencies, and virtually constant spin dephasing times. Our results offer a route to large-scale spin qubit systems with higher control fidelity in Si-MOS QDs.
Fundamental quantum limit for linear measurements with instability
Authors: Miao Haixing , Bentley Joe , Nurdin Hendra , Chen Yanbei
Published: March 2023

The fundamental quantum limit, or the quantum Cramér-Rao bound, defines the sensitivity limit for quantum measurements. For linear measurement systems, such as gravitational-wave detectors, it is inversely proportional to the noise spectrum of the dynamical variable that couples to the measured signal. Defining a physically meaningful spectrum, however, requires that the system is stable and a steady state exists. We relax such a stability requirement and prove that the fundamental quantum limit can be derived simply by considering the open-loop dynamics in the Fourier domain.
Stretchable and self-healable conductive hydrogel-based multifunctional triboelectric nanogenerator for energy harvesting and dance motion sensing
Authors: Qin Pin
Published: March 2023

Hydrogels with the integrated characteristics of adhesion, self-healing, deformability, and conductivity hold enormous potential for the design of next-generation flexible human body posture sensor and energy device. Here, we proposed a double-network hybrid polyacrylamide/poly(acrylic acid)/MXene/PEDOT:PET (PPMP) hydrogel with excellent flexibility, self-healing capabilities, and stability. Furthermore, the proposed PPMP conductive hydrogel with MXene/PDMS encapsulation layer can play the role of a wearable strain sensor that can be used to detect various dance movement postures, including those of facial expressions, blinking, and elbow joints. Additionally, the proposed PPMP hydrogel with MXene/PDMS encapsulation layer can function as a flexible and stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator (FS-TENG) to harvest human motion energy. The FS-TENG can obtain an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 169.2 V and a short-circuit current (Isc) of 9.6 µA. Moreover, the electric energy generated by these FS-TENGs can be used to drive hygrothermographs. This research offers a feasible strategy to design self-powered strain sensors for use in dance posture monitoring and energy harvesting in human motion.
Li(C2N3) as eutectic forming modifier in the melting process of the molecular perovskite [(C3H7)3N(C4H9)]Mn(C2N3)3±
Authors: Kronawitter Silva M. , Hallweger Sebastian A. , Meyer Jan , Pedri Carmen , Burger Stefan , Alhadid Ahmad , Henke Sebastian , Kieslich Gregor
Published: March 2023

Coordination polymer (CP) glasses have recently emerged as a new glass state. Given the young state of the field, the discovery of concepts that guide the synthesis of CP glasses with targeted thermal and macroscopic properties is at the center of ongoing research. In our work, we draw inspiration from research on inorganic glasses, investigating the impact of Li(C2N3) as a modifier on the thermal properties of the new molecular perovskite [(C3H7)3N(C4H9)]Mn(C2N3)3 (with [C2N3]− = dicyanamide, DCA). We derive the phase diagram and show that Li(C2N3) and [(C3H7)3N(C4H9)]Mn(C2N3)3 form a eutectic mixture, in which the melting temperature is decreased by 30 K. Additionally, for the eutectic mixture at xLiDCA ≈ 0.4, a CP glass forms under slow cooling, opening interesting pathways for scalable synthesis routes of CP glasses. Given the virtually unlimited parameter space of hybrid modifiers, they will play a major role in the future to alter the glass’ properties where the availability of rigorously derived phase diagrams will be important to identify material class overarching trends.
Untrained deep network powered with explicit denoiser for phase recovery in inline holography
Authors: Galande Ashwini S. , Thapa Vikas , Gurram Hanu Phani Ram , John Renu
Published: March 2023

Single-shot reconstruction of the inline hologram is highly desirable as a cost-effective and portable imaging modality in resource-constrained environments. However, the twin image artifacts, caused by the propagation of the conjugated wavefront with missing phase information, contaminate the reconstruction. Existing end-to-end deep learning-based methods require massive training data pairs with environmental and system stability, which is very difficult to achieve. Recently proposed deep image prior (DIP) integrates the physical model of hologram formation into deep neural networks without any prior training requirement. However, the process of fitting the model output to a single measured hologram results in the fitting of interference-related noise. To overcome this problem, we have implemented an untrained deep neural network powered with explicit regularization by denoising (RED), which removes twin images and noise in reconstruction. Our work demonstrates the use of alternating directions of multipliers method (ADMM) to combine DIP and RED into a robust single-shot phase recovery process. The use of ADMM, which is based on the variable splitting approach, made it possible to plug and play different denoisers without the need of explicit differentiation. Experimental results show that the sparsity-promoting denoisers give better results over DIP in terms of phase signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Considering the computational complexities, we conclude that the total variation denoiser is more appropriate for hologram reconstruction.
Targeted suppression of hysteresis effect in perovskite solar cells through the inhibition of cation migration
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Lou Feige , Li Yiyi , Wang Hao-Yi , Wang Yi , Ai Xi-Cheng , Zhang Jian-Ping
Published: March 2023

The hysteresis effect is a vital issue in perovskite solar cells that warrants close scrutiny, of which ion migration and the resultant interfacial ion accumulation are widely considered to be the most important origination. However, owing to the lack of specific characterization tools to disentangle the complicated interaction between ions and charge carriers, it is yet unidentified which ionic species govern the hysteresis effect, bringing difficulties in further device optimization. Herein, adopting a home-built circuit-switched transient photoelectric technique, whereby ion migration dynamics can be studied without interference from photogenerated charge carriers, the role of different ions in the photoelectric conversion process is elucidated. As suggested by the experimental results, the hysteresis effect dominantly arises from the migration of organic cations instead of the halide anions and can be well interpreted in terms of the strongly coupled cation–electron pairs. On the basis of these findings, we showcase the effectiveness of suppressing the hysteresis factor by the inhibition of the methylamine cations' migration. The present work can provide targeted and sufficient guidance for the preparation of high-stability and high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.
A contrastive look at Theme as point of departure in English and Spanish academic writing
Authors: Arús-Hita Jorge
Published: March 2023

This paper offers a detailed study of Theme as point of departure in English and Spanish academic texts. A corpus
of around 45,000 words is examined from different perspectives to compare the realizations, functions and interplays of the point
of departure in these two languages. Examples reveal crosslinguistic contrasts in terms of (a) the preferred realizations of
thematic elements, (b) the strategies to maintain participant identity and present new participants and (c) the resources used to
construe texture. We will see that whereas English favours thematic non-pronominal noun groups, Spanish combines these with other
realizations. Additionally, the different syntactic characteristics of each language have a reflection on different ways of
signalling semantic continuity and on textual development in general. The findings presented in this paper should make a
significant contribution to the existing literature on Theme, as well as on academic writing and contrastive typological
research.