bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
H2S-Mediated Protein S-Sulfhydration: A Prediction for Its Formation and Regulation
Authors: Ju Youngjun , Fu Ming , Stokes Eric , Wu Lingyun , Yang Guangdong
Published: August 2017

Protein S-sulfhydration is a newly discovered post-translational modification of specific cysteine residue(s) in target proteins, which is involved in a broad range of cellular functions and metabolic pathways. By changing local conformation and the final activity of target proteins, S-sulfhydration is believed to mediate most cellular responses initiated by H2S, a novel gasotransmitter. In comparison to protein S-sulfhydration, nitric oxide-mediated protein S-nitrosylation has been extensively investigated, including its formation, regulation, transfer and metabolism. Although the investigation on the regulatory mechanisms associated with protein S-sulfhydration is still in its infancy, accumulated evidence suggested that protein S-sulfhydration may share similar chemical features with protein S-nitrosylation. Glutathione persulfide acts as a major donor for protein S-sulfhydration. Here, we review the present knowledge on protein S-sulfhydration, and also predict its formation and regulation mechanisms based on the knowledge from protein S-nitrosylation.
Induced Aberrant Organisms with Novel Ability to Protect Intestinal Integrity from Inflammation in an Animal Model
Authors: Oz Helieh
Published: August 2017

Robust and balanced gut microbiota are required to support health and growth. Overgrowth of gut microbial or pathogens can change ecosystem balance, and compromise gut integrity to initiate gastrointestinal (GI) complications. There is no safe and effective modality against coccidiosis. Antibiotic additives routinely fed to food animals to protect against infection, are entered into the food chain, contaminate food products and pass to the consumers. Hypothesis: induced aberrant organisms possess distinct ultrastructure and are tolerated by immunodeficient-animals yet are non-pathogenic, but immunogenic in various strains of chicks to act as a preventive (vaccine) and eliminating the needs for antibiotic additives. Methods: cyclophosphamide-immunodeficient and immune-intact-chicks were inoculated with induced aberrant or normal Coccidal-organisms. Immune-intact-chicks were immunized with escalating-doses of organisms. Results: Aberrant organisms showed distinct ultrastructure with 8-free-sporozoites which lacked sporocysts walls and veils. Immunodeficient-chicks inoculated with normal-organisms developed severe GI complications but tolerated aberrant-organisms (p < 0.001) while they had no detectable antibodies. Naïve-animals challenged with a pathogenic-dose showed GI complications, bloody diarrhea, severe lesions and weight loss. Immune-intact-animals immunized with aberrant forms were protected against high dose normal-pathogenic-challenge infection and gained more weight compared to those immunized with normal-organisms (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Aberrant organisms possess a distinct ultrastructure and are tolerated in immunodeficient-chicks, yet provide novel immune-protection against pathogenic challenges including diarrhea, malnutrition and weight loss in immune-intact-animals to warrant further investigations toward vaccine production.
Semi-Analytical Retrieval of the Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient in Large and Shallow Lakes from GOCI, a High Temporal-Resolution Satellite
Authors: Huang Changchun , Yao Ling
Published: August 2017

Monitoring the dynamic characteristics of the diffuse attenuation coefficient (Kd(490)) on the basis of the high temporal-resolution satellite data is critical for regulating the ecological environment of lake. By measuring the in-situ Kd(490) and the remote-sensing reflectance, a semi-analytical algorithm for Kd(490) was developed to determine the short-term variation of Kd(490). From 2006 to 2014, the data about 412 samples (among which 60 were used as match-up points, 282 for calibrating dataset and the remaining 70 for validating dataset) were gathered from nine expeditions to calibrate and validate the aforesaid semi-analytical algorithm. The root mean square percentage error (RMSP) and the mean absolute relative error (MAPE) of validation datasets were respectively 27.44% and 22.60 ± 15.57%, while that of the match-up datasets were respectively 34.29% and 27.57 ± 20.56%. These percentages indicate that the semi-analytical algorithm and Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) data are applicable to obtain the short-term variation of Kd(490) in the turbid shallow inland waters. The short-term GOCI-observed Kd(490) shows a significant seasonal and spatial variation and a similar distribution to the matching Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) which derived Kd(490). A comparative analysis on wind (observed by buoys) and GOCI-derived Kd(490) suggests that wind is a primary driving factor of Kd(490) variation, but the lacustrine morphometry affects the wind force that is contributing to Kd(490) variation.
Fabrication and Characterization of Flexible and Miniaturized Humidity Sensors Using Screen-Printed TiO2 Nanoparticles as Sensitive Layer
Authors: Dubourg Georges , Segkos Apostolos , Katona Jaroslav , Radović Marko , Savić Slavica , Niarchos Georgios , Tsamis Christos , Crnojević-Bengin Vesna
Published: August 2017

This paper describes the fabrication and the characterization of an original example of a miniaturized resistive-type humidity sensor, printed on flexible substrate in a large-scale manner. The fabrication process involves laser ablation for the design of interdigitated electrodes on PET (Poly-Ethylene Terephthalate) substrate and a screen-printing process for the deposition of the sensitive material, which is based on TiO2 nanoparticles. The laser ablation process was carefully optimized to obtain micro-scale and well-resolved electrodes on PET substrate. A functional paste based on cellulose was prepared in order to allow the precise screen-printing of the TiO2 nanoparticles as sensing material on the top of the electrodes. The current against voltage (I–V) characteristic of the sensor showed good linearity and potential for low-power operation. The results of a humidity-sensing investigation and mechanical testing showed that the fabricated miniaturized sensors have excellent mechanical stability, sensing characteristics, good repeatability, and relatively fast response/recovery times operating at room temperature.
Translational Imaging Spectroscopy for Proximal Sensing
Authors: Rogass Christian , Koerting Friederike , Mielke Christian , Brell Maximilian , Boesche Nina , Bade Maria , Hohmann Christian
Published: August 2017

Proximal sensing as the near field counterpart of remote sensing offers a broad variety of applications. Imaging spectroscopy in general and translational laboratory imaging spectroscopy in particular can be utilized for a variety of different research topics. Geoscientific applications require a precise pre-processing of hyperspectral data cubes to retrieve at-surface reflectance in order to conduct spectral feature-based comparison of unknown sample spectra to known library spectra. A new pre-processing chain called GeoMAP-Trans for at-surface reflectance retrieval is proposed here as an analogue to other algorithms published by the team of authors. It consists of a radiometric, a geometric and a spectral module. Each module consists of several processing steps that are described in detail. The processing chain was adapted to the broadly used HySPEX VNIR/SWIR imaging spectrometer system and tested using geological mineral samples. The performance was subjectively and objectively evaluated using standard artificial image quality metrics and comparative measurements of mineral and Lambertian diffuser standards with standard field and laboratory spectrometers. The proposed algorithm provides highly qualitative results, offers broad applicability through its generic design and might be the first one of its kind to be published. A high radiometric accuracy is achieved by the incorporation of the Reduction of Miscalibration Effects (ROME) framework. The geometric accuracy is higher than 1 μpixel. The critical spectral accuracy was relatively estimated by comparing spectra of standard field spectrometers to those from HySPEX for a Lambertian diffuser. The achieved spectral accuracy is better than 0.02% for the full spectrum and better than 98% for the absorption features. It was empirically shown that point and imaging spectrometers provide different results for non-Lambertian samples due to their different sensing principles, adjacency scattering impacts on the signal and anisotropic surface reflection properties.
Effects of Dilution Systems in Olfactometry on the Recovery of Typical Livestock Odorants Determined by PTR-MS
Authors: Kasper Pernille , Mannebeck Dietmar , Oxbøl Arne , Nygaard Jens , Hansen Michael , Feilberg Anders
Published: August 2017

The present study provides an elaborate assessment of the performance of olfactometers in terms of odorant recovery for a selection of odorants emitted from livestock houses. The study includes three different olfactometer dilution systems, which have been in use at accredited odor laboratories. They consist of: (i) a custom-built olfactometer made of glass tubes, (ii) a TO8 olfactometer, and (iii) an Olfacton dilution system based on a mass flow controller. The odorants include hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, acetic acid, butanoic acid, propanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, 4-methylphenol, and trimethylamine. Furthermore, n-butanol, as the reference gas in the European standard for olfactometry, EN13725, was included. All measurements were performed in real time with proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). The results show that only dimethyl sulfide was almost completely recovered in all cases, while for the remaining compounds, the performance was found to vary significantly (from 0 to 100%) depending on the chemical properties of the compounds, the concentration levels, the pulse duration, and the olfactometer material. To elucidate the latter, the recovery in different locations of the TO8 olfactometer and in tubes of different materials, that is, poly-tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), stainless steel and SilcoTek-coated steel, were tested. Significant saturation effects were observed when odorants were in contact with stainless steel.
Deep Source Localization with Magnetoencephalography Based on Sensor Array Decomposition and Beamforming
Authors: Hu Yegang , Lin Yicong , Yang Baoshan , Tang Guangrui , Liu Tao , Wang Yuping , Zhang Jicong
Published: August 2017

In recent years, the source localization technique of magnetoencephalography (MEG) has played a prominent role in cognitive neuroscience and in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological and psychological disorders. However, locating deep brain activities such as in the mesial temporal structures, especially in preoperative evaluation of epilepsy patients, may be more challenging. In this work we have proposed a modified beamforming approach for finding deep sources. First, an iterative spatiotemporal signal decomposition was employed for reconstructing the sensor arrays, which could characterize the intrinsic discriminant features for interpreting sensor signals. Next, a sensor covariance matrix was estimated under the new reconstructed space. Then, a well-known vector beamforming approach, which was a linearly constraint minimum variance (LCMV) approach, was applied to compute the solution for the inverse problem. It can be shown that the proposed source localization approach can give better localization accuracy than two other commonly-used beamforming methods (LCMV, MUSIC) in simulated MEG measurements generated with deep sources. Further, we applied the proposed approach to real MEG data recorded from ten patients with medically-refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) for finding epileptogenic zone(s), and there was a good agreement between those findings by the proposed approach and the clinical comprehensive results.
Optical Refractive Index Sensing Based on High-Q Bound States in the Continuum in Free-Space Coupled Photonic Crystal Slabs
Authors: Liu Yonghao , Zhou Weidong , Sun Yuze
Published: August 2017

High sensitivity (S) and high quality factor (Q) are desirable to achieve low detection limit in label-free optical sensors. In this paper, we theoretically demonstrate that single-layer and coupled bi-layer photonic crystal slabs (PCS) possess simultaneously high S and high Q near the bound states in the continuum (BIC). We theoretically achieved S > 800 nm/RIU and Q > 107 in refractive index sensing in the 1400–1600 nm telecom optical wavelength bands. We experimentally demonstrated an S of 94 nm/RIU and a Q of 1.2 × 104, with a detection limit of 6 × 10−5 refractive index unit. These sensor designs can find applications in biochemical sensing, environmental monitoring, and healthcare.
Settlement Behavior of Shallow Foundations in Unsaturated Soils under Rainfall
Authors: Kim Yongmin , Park Hyundo , Jeong Sangseom
Published: August 2017

Shallow foundations are often situated on unsaturated zones above the groundwater table. In this study, the influence of rainfall infiltration on the settlement behavior of shallow foundations was investigated using numerical analyses. The numerical solutions were compared with experimental data from in-situ load tests. The relative importance of rainfall intensities and groundwater table positions in inducing the additional settlement of shallow foundations was examined through a series of parametric studies. Two different groundwater table positions contributing to settlements and three assorted rainfall intensities were used in the numerical analyses. Typical soil properties of two main residual soils in Korea were incorporated into the numerical analyses. Special attention is given to the sequential analysis procedure comprised of a flow analysis and deformation analysis. Load-settlement relationships obtained from the numerical methodology in the present study were in good agreement with the field measurements. Results from the parametric studies showed that the rainfall intensity plays a significant role in the settlement behavior of shallow foundations in unsaturated soils. The changes in the settlement during rainfall were also affected by the groundwater table position near the ground surface due to changes in matric suction. In addition, higher bearing capacity in response to rainfall infiltration was observed in the soil with smaller permeability function as compared to larger permeability function.
DEMATEL-ANP Risk Assessment in Oil and Gas Construction Projects
Authors: Dehdasht Gholamreza , Mohamad Zin Rosli , Ferwati M. , Mohammed Abdullahi Mu’azu , Keyvanfar Ali , McCaffer Ronald
Published: August 2017

Oil and gas construction projects are complex and risky because of their dynamic environment. Furthermore, rising global energy demand has increased the need for trustworthy risk assessment models for such projects that can provide adequate and precise policy planning. Traditional risk assessments in oil and gas construction projects do not consider the interrelationships of factors in the best-fit models. The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Analytic Network Processes (ANP), called the DEMATEL-ANP approach, have been applied to other research disciplines to address this shortcoming. This method is able to construct a structural relationship among the different influence factors to visualize complex correlations. Thus, the purpose of this study is to showcase the DEMTAL-ANP risk assessment model to assess the overall risk factors of OGC projects. This study thus identifies the crucial risk criteria of such projects. Data were collected in 2016 through interviews with experts active in OGC projects in Iran. DEMATEL in this situation is used to determine the interdependencies’ relative strengths among the risks. The ANP method is applied to assess the relative importance of the risk factors and to determine the best strategy for implementation of a risk management program. The results presented in this study are a novel adaptation of the risk assessment methodology to OGC projects that determines the important risk factors that directly affect the project success, which in turn helps in formulation of policies for ensuring reliable energy supply planning.
A Secular Resonant Origin for the Loneliness of Hot Jupiters
Authors: Spalding Christopher , Batygin Konstantin
Published: August 2017

Despite decades of inquiry, the origin of giant planets residing within a few tenths of an astronomical unit from their host stars remains unclear. Traditionally, these objects are thought to have formed further out before subsequently migrating inwards. However, the necessity of migration has been recently called into question with the emergence of in situ formation models of close-in giant planets. Observational characterization of the transiting subsample of close-in giants has revealed that “warm” Jupiters, possessing orbital periods longer than roughly 10 days more often possess close-in, co-transiting planetary companions than shorter period “hot” Jupiters, that are usually lonely. This finding has previously been interpreted as evidence that smooth, early migration or in situ formation gave rise to warm Jupiter-hosting systems, whereas more violent, post-disk migration pathways sculpted hot Jupiter-hosting systems. In this work, we demonstrate that both classes of planet may arise via early migration or in situ conglomeration, but that the enhanced loneliness of hot Jupiters arises due to a secular resonant interaction with the stellar quadrupole moment. Such an interaction tilts the orbits of exterior, lower-mass planets, removing them from transit surveys where the hot Jupiter is detected. Warm Jupiter-hosting systems, in contrast, retain their coplanarity due to the weaker influence of the host star’s quadrupolar potential relative to planet–disk interactions. In this way, hot Jupiters and warm Jupiters are placed within a unified theoretical framework that may be readily validated or falsified using data from upcoming missions, such as TESS.
Global Simulations of the Inner Regions of Protoplanetary Disks with Comprehensive Disk Microphysics
Authors: Bai Xue-Ning
Published: August 2017

The gas dynamics of weakly ionized protoplanetary disks (PPDs) are largely governed by the coupling between gas and magnetic fields, described by three non-ideal magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) effects (Ohmic, Hall, ambipolar). Previous local simulations incorporating these processes have revealed that the inner regions of PPDs are largely laminar and accompanied by wind-driven accretion. We conduct 2D axisymmetric, fully global MHD simulations of these regions (∼1–20 au), taking into account all non-ideal MHD effects, with tabulated diffusion coefficients and approximate treatment of external ionization and heating. With the net vertical field aligned with disk rotation, the Hall-shear instability strongly amplifies horizontal magnetic field, making the overall dynamics dependent on initial field configuration. Following disk formation, the disk likely relaxes into an inner zone characterized by asymmetric field configuration across the midplane, which smoothly transitions to a more symmetric outer zone. Angular momentum transport is driven by both MHD winds and laminar Maxwell stress, with both accretion and decretion flows present at different heights, and modestly asymmetric winds from the two disk sides. With anti-aligned field polarity, weakly magnetized disks settle into an asymmetric field configuration with supersonic accretion flow concentrated at one side of the disk surface, and highly asymmetric winds between the two disk sides. In all cases, the wind is magneto-thermal in nature, characterized by a mass loss rate exceeding the accretion rate. More strongly magnetized disks give more symmetric field configuration and flow structures. Deeper far-UV penetration leads to stronger and less stable outflows. Implications for observations and planet formation are also discussed.
Nonlinear Transverse Cascade and Sustenance of MRI Turbulence in Keplerian Disks with an Azimuthal Magnetic Field
Authors: Gogichaishvili D. , Mamatsashvili G. , Horton W. , Chagelishvili G. , Bodo G.
Published: August 2017

We investigate magnetohydrodynamic turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in Keplerian disks with a nonzero net azimuthal magnetic field using shearing box simulations. As distinct from previous studies, we analyze turbulence dynamics in Fourier (

-) space to understand its sustenance. The linear growth of the MRI with the azimuthal field has a transient character and is anisotropic in Fourier space, leading to anisotropy of nonlinear processes in Fourier space. As a result, the main nonlinear process appears to be a new type of angular redistribution of modes in Fourier space—the nonlinear transverse cascade—rather than the usual direct/inverse cascade. We demonstrate that the turbulence is sustained by the interplay of the linear transient growth of the MRI (which is the only energy supply for the turbulence) and the transverse cascade. These two processes operate at large length scales, comparable to the box size (disk scale height); the corresponding small wavenumber area, called the vital area in Fourier space, is crucial for the sustenance, while outside the vital area, direct cascade dominates. The interplay of the linear and nonlinear processes in Fourier space is generally too intertwined for a vivid schematization. Nevertheless, we reveal the basic subcycle of the sustenance that clearly shows the synergy of these processes in the self-organization of the magnetized flow system. This synergy is quite robust and persists for the considered different aspect ratios of the simulation boxes. The spectral characteristics of the dynamical processes in these boxes are qualitatively similar, indicating the universality of the sustenance mechanism of the MRI turbulence.
Radio-flaring Ultracool Dwarf Population Synthesis
Authors: Route Matthew
Published: August 2017

Over a dozen ultracool dwarfs (UCDs), low-mass objects of spectral types ≥M7, are known to be sources of radio flares. These typically several-minutes-long radio bursts can be up to 100% circularly polarized and have high brightness temperatures, consistent with coherent emission via the electron cyclotron maser operating in approximately kilogauss magnetic fields. Recently, the statistical properties of the bulk physical parameters that describe these UCDs have become described adequately enough to permit synthesis of the population of radio-flaring objects. For the first time, I construct a Monte Carlo simulator to model the population of these radio-flaring UCDs. This simulator is powered by Intel Secure Key (ISK), a new processor technology that uses a local entropy source to improve random number generation that has heretofore been used to improve cryptography. The results from this simulator indicate that only ∼5% of radio-flaring UCDs within the local interstellar neighborhood (<25 pc away) have been discovered. I discuss a number of scenarios that may explain this radio-flaring fraction and suggest that the observed behavior is likely a result of several factors. The performance of ISK as compared to other pseudorandom number generators is also evaluated, and its potential utility for other astrophysical codes is briefly described.
Limb Darkening and Planetary Transits: Testing Center-to-limb Intensity Variations and Limb-darkening Directly from Model Stellar Atmospheres
Authors: Neilson Hilding R. , McNeil Joseph T. , Ignace Richard , Lester John B.
Published: August 2017

The transit method, employed by Microvariability and Oscillation of Stars (MOST), Kepler, and various ground-based surveys has enabled the characterization of extrasolar planets to unprecedented precision. These results are precise enough to begin to measure planet atmosphere composition, planetary oblateness, starspots, and other phenomena at the level of a few hundred parts per million. However, these results depend on our understanding of stellar limb darkening, that is, the intensity distribution across the stellar disk that is sequentially blocked as the planet transits. Typically, stellar limb darkening is assumed to be a simple parameterization with two coefficients that are derived from stellar atmosphere models or fit directly. In this work, we revisit this assumption and compute synthetic planetary-transit light curves directly from model stellar atmosphere center-to-limb intensity variations (CLIVs) using the plane-parallel Atlas and spherically symmetric SAtlas codes. We compare these light curves to those constructed using best-fit limb-darkening parameterizations. We find that adopting parametric stellar limb-darkening laws leads to systematic differences from the more geometrically realistic model stellar atmosphere CLIV of about 50–100 ppm at the transit center and up to 300 ppm at ingress/egress. While these errors are small, they are systematic, and they appear to limit the precision necessary to measure secondary effects. Our results may also have a significant impact on transit spectra.
A Spectral-line Analysis of the G8 III Standard ε VIR
Authors: Gray David F.
Published: August 2017

Eleven seasons of spectroscopic data comprised of 107 exposures for the stable G8 III standard star, ε Vir are analyzed for projected rotation rate and granulation parameters. A Fourier analysis of the line shapes yield v sin i = 3.06 ± 0.20 km s−1 and a radial-tangential macroturbulence dispersion ζ
RT = 5.16 ± 0.08 km s−1. The radial velocity over nine seasons is constant to 18 m s−1. The absolute radial velocity with granulation blueshifts (but not gravitational redshift) removed is −14120 ± 75 m s−1. Line-depth ratios show the temperature to be constant to 0.7 K over 11 years, although a small secular rise or cyclic variation ∼1 K cannot be ruled out. The third-signature plot shows that the star has granulation velocities 10% larger than the Sun's. Mapping the Fe i
λ6253 line bisector on to the third-signature plot indicates a normal-for-giants flux deficit area of 12.8%, indicating ∼134 K temperature difference between granules and lanes. Deficit velocities of GK giants are seen to shift to higher values with higher luminosity, ∼0.75 km s−1 over ΔM
V ∼ 1.5, indicating larger velocity differences between granules and lanes for giants higher in the HR diagram.
ALMA Maps of Dust and Warm Dense Gas Emission in the Starburst Galaxy IC 5179*
Authors: Zhao 赵 Yinghe 应和 , Lu Nanyao , Díaz-Santos Tanio , Xu C. Kevin , Gao 高 Yu 煜 , Charmandaris Vassilis , Werf Paul van der , Zhang 张 Zhi-Yu 智昱 , Cao Chen
Published: August 2017

We present our high-resolution (0.″15 × 0.″13, ∼34 pc) observations of the CO (6−5) line emission, which probes the warm and dense molecular gas, and the 434 μm dust continuum emission in the nuclear region of the starburst galaxy IC 5179, conducted with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). The CO (6−5) emission is spatially distributed in filamentary structures with many dense cores and shows a velocity field that is characteristic of a circumnuclear rotating gas disk, with 90% of the rotation speed arising within a radius of ≲150 pc. At the scale of our spatial resolution, the CO (6−5) and dust emission peaks do not always coincide, with their surface brightness ratio varying by a factor of ∼10. This result suggests that their excitation mechanisms are likely different, as further evidenced by the southwest to northeast spatial gradient of both CO-to-dust continuum ratio and Pa-α equivalent width. Within the nuclear region (radius ∼ 300 pc) and with a resolution of ∼34 pc, the CO line flux (dust flux density) detected in our ALMA observations is 180 ± 18 Jy km s−1 (71 ± 7 mJy), which accounts for 22% (2.4%) of the total value measured by Herschel.
Academic and Research Libraries' Portals
Authors: Blummer Barbara , Kenton Jeffrey M.
Published: August 2017

This chapter presents a synthesis of the literature on academic library portals. Library portals remain a component of the modern academic library. Portal features differ, but typically contain a single authentication process and access to metadata as well as some services (Laouar, Hacken, & Miles, 2009). The authors examined 87 papers in their review. This examination revealed six themes including: developing library portals, utilizing assessment strategies, collaborating on portal projects, incorporating personalization and customization features, conducting environmental scans, and creating instructional portals. The authors assigned themes to the papers based on the primary focus of the material. The findings revealed various issues with the development of academic library portals. The content of academic library portals continues to evolve as their importance to the user increases. Ultimately, an examination of the literature illustrated academic libraries' efforts to remain relevant through the availability of new resources and services on their portals.
Developing Unique Study Room Reservation Systems
Authors: Costello Laura , Fazal Shafeek
Published: August 2017

Room reservation systems are important in an increasingly collaborative library environment. This chapter explores two case studies of libraries experimenting with room-bound, electronic reservation kiosks. Teachers College, Columbia University built a native app to run on room-coded iPads, while Stony Brook University developed custom code to run Steelcase's RoomWizard system in a university environment. This chapter will discuss the particularities and challenges of both systems while addressing the solutions from other libraries discussed in the literature. Room reservation systems are a challenge for libraries of all types and many diverse solutions, from using vendor solutions to creating tools from scratch, have emerged in recent years. This chapter will explore two stories on that spectrum with attention to the potential applications and solutions emerging in this area.
Constructivist Communications Strategies for 21st Century Faculties and Graduate Students
Authors: Armstrong Ann W. , Gales Albert J.
Published: August 2017

The purpose of the chapter is to provide effective communications strategies, instructional strategies, media strategies, and cultural dimension that are critical to designers and faculties that create and deliver online courses using a constructivist foundation, as the participants become increasingly diverse in global online course rooms. Disruptive innovation, which is evidenced in Information Communications Technologies (ICT) throughout higher education classrooms, is changing the way the world learns. Through disruptive innovation, global classrooms are emerging requiring designers and faculties to have deep knowledge of theory and practice. This chapter provides a foundation for a set of related theories and practices that describe the strategies needed to be able to effectively deliver online in an increasingly global context to students in higher education course rooms, using constructivist learning theory as a guide as the disruptive technologies are deployed.
A Tutorial on CloudStack
Authors: G. Srinivasa K. , Pereira Nishal Ancelette , Kallianpur Akshay K. , Naligay Subramanya E.
Published: August 2017

CloudStack is an Apache open source software that designed to install and handle large virtual machine (VM) networks, designed by Cloud.com and Citrix. This application is written in Java and was released under the terms of Apache License 2.0. This chapter discusses the easy availability and effortless scalability of CloudStack, which is an Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) cloud computing platform software. We explore how CloudStack can either be used to setup public cloud services, or to provide a private cloud service.
Automated Classification of Focal and Non-Focal EEG Signals Based on Bivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Sharma Rajeev , Pachori Ram Bilas
Published: August 2017

The chapter presents a new approach of computer aided diagnosis of focal electroencephalogram (EEG) signals by applying bivariate empirical mode decomposition (BEMD). Firstly, the focal and non-focal EEG signals are decomposed using the BEMD, which results in intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) corresponding to each signal. Secondly, bivariate bandwidths namely, amplitude bandwidth, precession bandwidth, and deformation bandwidth are computed for each obtained IMF. Interquartile range (IQR) values of bivariate bandwidths of IMFs are employed as the features for classification. In order to perform classification least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) is used. The results of the experiment suggest that the computed bivariate bandwidths are significantly useful to discriminate focal EEG signals. The resultant classification accuracy obtained using proposed methodology, applied on the Bern-Barcelona EEG database, is 84.01%. The obtained results are encouraging and the proposed methodology can be helpful for identification of epileptogenic focus.
Mobile Learnings From a Chinese International High School
Authors: Haagen Lucy Emerson , Fan Wusi
Published: August 2017

This chapter will describe the solutions developed and lessons learned by a team of Chinese and American teachers charged with designing, piloting, and evaluating mobile learning at an international high school for Chinese students. The approach was guided by the Technology Acceptance Model, a framework used to evaluate the “stickiness” of a new technology. At the core is the notion that technology acceptance is determined by perceptions of usefulness and ease of use. To address usefulness, a schoolwide assessment was conducted to identify salient learning problems and needs, then narrowing those problems/needs to those most amenable to mobile learning, developing and field testing targeted solutions, and finally evaluating perceptions of these solutions' actual usefulness. In parallel, teachers and students were encouraged to experiment. Out of this “let many flowers bloom” environment emerged solutions to unexpected problems and windows to unanticipated opportunity.
Component Based Model Driven Development
Authors: Vera Pablo Martin
Published: August 2017

Current MDD methodologies are complex to use and require doing lots of models and configurations. Usually after all that effort only some part of the application source code can be automatically created. It would be desirable to have a more simple technique, but powerful enough for automatically creating a fully functional application. This works introduces a component based model driven development approach where a set of user interface components will be configured to define system behavior. Component configuration will be direct, simple and supported by a modeling tool which also includes automatic transformations for reducing the modeling task. The methodology requires the designer to build only two models: a class diagram, representing the data model of the application and a component diagram defining the user interface and the system navigation. Both components are based on UML extended with stereotypes and tagged values allowing configuring the system behavior.
Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) Support on RIAs Development
Authors: Alor-Hernández Giner , Rosales-Morales Viviana Yarel , Colombo-Mendoza Luis Omar
Published: August 2017

This chapter emphasizes the importance of employing Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) on software development, especially in software engineering. Some advantages in the development of RIAs by using AOP are Maintainability, Extensibility, and Reusability. This chapter presents a review of several success stories of AOP implementation in real world development projects and discusses the lessons learned in these projects. The works analyzed in the state-of-the-art are classified by Web development, Usability Engineering, and other related perspectives. Finally, the chapter also addresses AOP support between JavaScript-based RIA frameworks and non-JavaScript-based RIA frameworks providing either native or third-party AOP facilities. Some code snippets depicting the use of these facilities for implementing AOP concepts are also presented.
Information Theoretic XSS Attack Detection in Web Applications
Authors: Shahriar Hossain , North Sarah , Chen Wei-Chuen , Mawangi Edward
Published: August 2017

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) has been ranked among the top three vulnerabilities over the last few years. XSS vulnerability allows an attacker to inject arbitrary JavaScript code that can be executed in the victim's browser to cause unwanted behaviors and security breaches. Despite the presence of many mitigation approaches, the discovery of XSS is still widespread among today's web applications. As a result, there is a need to improve existing solutions and to develop novel attack detection techniques. This paper proposes a proxy-level XSS attack detection approach based on a popular information-theoretic measure known as Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD). Legitimate JavaScript code present in an application should remain similar or very close to the JavaScript code present in a rendered web page. A deviation between the two can be an indication of an XSS attack. This paper applies a back-off smoothing technique to effectively detect the presence of malicious JavaScript code in response pages. The proposed approach has been applied for a number of open-source PHP web applications containing XSS vulnerabilities. The initial results show that the approach can effectively detect XSS attacks and suffer from low false positive rate through proper choice of threshold values of KLD. Further, the performance overhead has been found to be negligible.
Branding, Marketing, and Design
Authors: Kent Anthony , Dennis Charles , Cano Marta Blasquez , Helberger Eva , Brakus Josko
Published: August 2017

The aim of this chapter is to develop knowledge of retail environments through an overview of the most used technologies in retailing and the contribution of in-store technologies to the experience of the fashion store environment. The chapter commences with an overview of the influence of multichannel development, consumer-facing technologies, and their adoption by fashion retailers. The second part examines the use of digital signage and its contribution to atmospherics in a department store. The researchers have used a mixed method approach, with observational techniques drawn first from ethnographic methodology, and second, a quantitative approach to consumers' environmental response behavior. The results indicate a limited use of innovative in-store technologies and reliance on conventional technological media in fashion stores. Secondly, digital signage demonstrates both communication and experiential effects. The chapter concludes with a discussion of convergence between the virtual and physical store environments and the implications for theory and management.
Using a Social Network Game as a Teaching Tool for Visual Merchandising
Authors: O'Toole Erica , Lee Seung-Eun
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this study was to apply a Social Network Game (SNG) for teaching visual merchandising to college students. Based on design-based research paradigm, the present study utilized the EGameFlow model to measure students' perceived enjoyment of using the SNG, Fashion World, in visual merchandising classes. In addition, this study examined which dimensions of EGameFlow were significant indicators of student satisfaction. Findings from this study suggest that the use of an SNG can be an effective tool in teaching visual merchandising. A majority of positive trends in constructs of EGameFlow suggested students enjoyed the use of this SNG as a learning tool. In addition, challenge and immersion were significant indicators of student satisfaction through the game. Discussion and implications for using SNGs as a teaching tool were provided based on the results of this study.
Electrotextiles
Authors: Priniotakis Georgios
Published: August 2017

During the last decade, the textile Industry in Europe collapsed due to the competition with the low labor countries. The textile industry in Europe refused to adapt to the new market conditions. The competitive advantage of the design and the quality were not enough to keep it in the leading position. Nevertheless, in the last few years, the textile industry has completely changed. New products have been launched in the market. Electrotextiles is one of them: a new category of textile products that has conducting properties contrary to the traditional textile products but keeps the “textile” properties like softness, lightness, and “washableness.” Fabric is the best intermediary between the human being and a computer. Fabrics and cloths are almost all the time in contact with our body. Therefore, they can “feel” us and “cure” us. A fabric can also cover a large space, having low weight and cost, so it could be perfect if it can have electrical properties and work as photovoltaic. This chapter explores electrotextiles.
Turning of Titanium Alloy Using Near-Dry Methods with MQL, Coolant Mist and Hybrid Mist Supplies
Authors: Wakabayashi Toshiaki , Yamada Keisuke , Koike Shota , Atsuta Toshifumi
Published: August 2017

Because of effective machining operations with a very small amount of cutting fluids, near-dry machining attracts increasing attentions for environmental and economical benefits. MQL machining has so far been recognized as the most representative near-dry method and it is highly successful in machining of most ordinary steels. Recent concern for environmentally friendly manufacturing further encourages the attempts at applying near-dry operations to machining of difficult-to-cut materials. Since titanium alloys are typical difficult-to-cut materials, this paper investigates the cutting performance of various near-dry methods in turning of a titanium alloy from the view point of elongating the tool life. Those near-dry operations include supply methods of regular MQL mist, coolant mist and hybrid mists, where the coolant mist is atomized water-soluble cutting fluid and hybrid mists are the mixture of MQL and coolant mists. The regular MQL operation provided longer tool life than that of dry machining. In addition, compared with MQL machining, the hybrid mist operations could further extend tool life and, in particular, the single coolant mist operations demonstrated the possibility of making the tool life longer than that of ordinary wet machining with flood cutting fluid supply.
Efficiency Investigation of Removal of Loading Carbon Chips on Wheel Surface Using Dry Ice Blasting
Authors: Ohta Yuki , Murakawa Soziro , Ohashi Kazuhito
Published: August 2017

In dry grinding of hard carbon parts, the loading by carbon chips on wheel surface occurs in early grinding process, and the grinding performance of wheel is extremely declined. The deterioration affects the grinding accuracy and efficiency. Therefore, loading is one of the problems that must be resolved for high efficiency and high quality grinding of carbon. Generally, the grinding performance of wheel is recovered by the dressing. However, it’s not suitable from a viewpoint of the wheel life and the production cost because available abrasive grains possessing sharp edges under loading carbon chips on wheel surface are lost by dressing. In this study, we propose the dry ice blasting for removing loading carbon chips on wheel surface. The dry ice particles impact on pressed carbon chips with high pressure and sublimate to carbon dioxide quickly. Therefore, it is little influence on working environment because the dry ice doesn’t remain on wheel surfaces after blasting without the damage. In this report, we carry out the blasting tests of resinoid bond diamond wheel surface without grinding performance by loading carbon chips, and analyzed the effect of nozzle processing speed and nozzle feed pitch on recovering abrasive protrusion. The effective dry ice blasting conditions are investigated for high efficiency removal of loading carbon chips, analyzing the protrusion height of abrasive grains.
Effects of C and NbC Additions on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Binderless WC Ceramics
Authors: Nino Akihiro , Morimura Kaori , Sugiyama Shigeaki , Taimatsu Hitoshi
Published: August 2017

Powder mixtures of WC–(0–2 mol%) NbC and WC–1.5 mol% NbC–(0–5 mol%) C were sintered at 1800°C using a resistance-heated hot-pressing machine; dense WC–NbC and WC–1.5 mol% NbC–C ceramics were obtained. The relative X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak intensity of W2Css decreased with increasing C amount and disappeared at 5 mol% C. Small amounts of C remained after sintering at 5 mol% C. The WC–1.5 mol% NbC ceramics with 0–3 mol% of added C were composed of equiaxed small granular grains. Large WC grains formed in WC–1.5 mol% NbC ceramics above 4 mol% C. The hardness of WC–NbC ceramics decreased from 25.7 GPa for WC to 23.6 GPa for 2 mol% NbC obtained by NbC addition. The hardness change for WC–1.5 mol% NbC ceramics with up to 3 mol% of added C was small, around 24 GPa. The Vickers hardness of WC–1.5 mol% NbC ceramics above 4 mol% C decreased markedly from 23 to 13 GPa with increasing added C, due to extensive WC grain growth.
Experimental Analysis on Surface Profile of Sapphire Wafer after Polishing by Chemical Mechanical Polishing
Authors: Lin Zone Ching , Huang Wei Shuen , Ding Hao Yang
Published: August 2017

The study mainly explores the surface profile of sapphire wafer after polishing by the method of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). Pattern-free polishing slurry with SiO2 abrasive particle is used to polish the sapphire wafer. This paper observes the phenomena of surface profile and surface scratches of sapphire wafer under different pressures and different rotational velocities during CMP. The study uses atomic force microscope (AFM) to scan the surface of sapphire wafer focusing on three axial lines of 0∘, 45∘and 90∘from the position of near edge passing the center of sapphire wafer. The study also selects five positions on a specific area to draw the surface profiles on the axial lines of 0∘, 45∘and 90∘. It can be observed that the central area of sapphire wafer has lower depression than other areas because the central area is polished more polishing times. Besides, the depression on the central area of sapphire wafer has a greater depression value and it has more and larger surface scratches when it is polished under a greater down force and at a faster rotational velocity.
Influence of Coolant Application Direction on the Cutting Performance of Ceramic Tool in High-Speed Air-Jet-Assisted Machining of Inconel 718
Authors: Obikawa Toshiyuki , Yamaguchi Masashi
Published: August 2017

This paper describes the high speed air-jet-assisted machining of nickel-base superalloy with a SiC whisker reinforced alumina insert. This machining method showed already good performance in high speed machining of Inconel 718. In this paper, the influence of the application direction of coolant on the tool wear and tool life was investigated for obtaining much better cutting performance of the ceramic tool. The coolant was applied from the side of flank face with three different directions: two oblique directions from the end and side flank faces and the perpendicular direction to the cutting edges. In contrast, the application direction of the air jet was always perpendicular to the cutting edges. The experimental results showed that the best performance in the air-jet-assisted machining was obtained by applying coolant from the side of side flank at a cutting speed of 420 m/min and from the side of end flank at a cutting speed of 780 m/min. The necessary condition found for the best performance was that the size of notch wear was a little larger than that of flank wear.
História dos direitos da criança no mundo e em Moçambique: um estudo sobre a sua evolução
Authors: Francisco Tomás Xavier José
Published: August 2017

O presente trabalho de pesquisa analisa a evolução da história dos direitos da criança no mundo e em Moçambique. O artigo evidência o longo e tortuoso caminho percorrido para que no mundo, no geral e em Moçambique, em particular, se adotasse um quadro legal favorável à promoção e proteção dos direitos da criança.A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica, antecedida por um inicial estudo exploratório.