bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of fluorescence-based viability stains in cells dissociated from scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis
Authors: Roger Liza M. , Adarkwa Darko Yaa , Bernas Tytus , White Frances , Olaosebikan Monsurat , Cowen Lenore , Klein-Seetharaman Judith , Lewinski Nastassja A.
Published: September 2022

The application of established cell viability assays such as the commonly used trypan blue staining method to coral cells is not straightforward due to different culture parameters and different cellular features specific to mammalian cells compared to marine invertebrates. Using Pocillopora damicornis as a model, we characterized the autofluorescence and tested different fluorescent dye pair combinations to identify alternative viability indicators. The cytotoxicity of different representative molecules, namely small organic molecules, proteins and nanoparticles (NP), was measured after 24 h of exposure using the fluorescent dye pair Hoechst 33342 and SYTOX orange. Our results show that this dye pair can be distinctly measured in the presence of fluorescent proteins plus chlorophyll. P. damicornis cells exposed for 24 h to Triton-X100, insulin or titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs, respectively, at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 100 µg/mL, revealed a LC50 of 0.46 µg/mL for Triton-X100, 6.21 µg/mL for TiO2 NPs and 33.9 µg/mL for insulin. This work presents the approach used to customize dye pairs for membrane integrity-based cell viability assays considering the species- and genotype-specific autofluorescence of scleractinian corals, namely: endogenous fluorescence characterization followed by the selection of dyes that do not overlap with endogenous signals.
Ensemble stacking rockburst prediction model based on Yeo–Johnson, K-means SMOTE, and optimal rockburst feature dimension determination
Authors: Sun Lijun , Hu Nanyan , Ye Yicheng , Tan Wenkan , Wu Menglong , Wang Xianhua , Huang Zhaoyun
Published: September 2022

Rockburst forecasting plays a crucial role in prevention and control of rockburst disaster. To improve the accuracy of rockburst prediction at the data structure and algorithm levels, the Yeo–Johnson transform, K-means SMOTE oversampling, and optimal rockburst feature dimension determination are used to optimize the data structure. At the algorithm optimization level, ensemble stacking rockburst prediction is performed based on the data structure optimization. First, to solve the problem of many outliers and data imbalance in the distribution of rockburst data, the Yeo–Johnson transform and k-means SMOTE algorithm are respectively used to solve the problems. Then, based on six original rockburst features, 21 new features are generated using the PolynomialFeatures function in Sklearn. Principal component analysis (PCA) dimensionality reduction is applied to eliminate the correlations between the 27 features. Thirteen types of machine learning algorithms are used to predict datasets that retain different numbers of features after dimensionality reduction to determine the optimal rockburst feature dimension. Finally, the 14-feature rockburst dataset is used as the input for integrated stacking. The results show that the ensemble stacking model based on Yeo–Johnson, K-means SMOTE, and optimal rockburst feature dimension determination can improve the accuracy of rockburst prediction by 0.1602–0.3636. Compared with the 13 single machine learning models without data preprocessing, this data structure optimization and algorithm optimization method effectively improves the accuracy of rockburst prediction.
MXenes: promising 2D materials for wound dressing applications – a perspective review
Authors: Hada Vaishnavi , Malvi Deeksha , Mili Medha , Khan Manal M , Chaturvedi Gaurav , Hashmi SAR , Srivastava AK , Verma Sarika
Published: September 2022

Role of MXene in wound dressing applications.
Evidence for πCHR→dMbonding in transition metal carbene compounds (LnMCHR) and its decisive role in the α-agostic effect
Authors: Lin Xuhui , Tian Weiqin , Wu Wei , Mo Yirong
Published: September 2022

A partial triple bonding model is proposed to describe transition metal carbene compounds (LnMCHR) with α-agostic interaction, where the seemingly weak yet decisive πCHR→dMinteraction is the true origin of α-agostic interaction.
Iron-catalysed chemo-selective oxidation of unprotected sugars: application for the competitive oxidation of pentoses from a sugar mixture
Authors: Branquet David , Sidi Boune Mohamed Vall , Hucher Nicolas , Taillier Catherine , Dalla Vincent , Comesse Sébastien , Benhamou Laure
Published: September 2022

An iron-catalysed transfer hydrogenation methodology has been developed to oxidise unprotected aldo-hexoses and -pentoses into sugar lactones using different acceptors.
A sustainable nano drug delivery system for poorly soluble drug, glipizide: design,in vitrocontrolled release and kinetics
Authors: Dasgupta Debatrayee , Patel Anjali
Published: September 2022

The present work deals with the design of drug delivery systems based on 12-tungstophosphoric acid (TPA)-functionalized MCM-48 nanoparticles (TPA/nMCM-48), for poorly soluble drug GLP.
Palladium catalyzes hydrogen production from formic acid: significant impact of support polypyrrole
Authors: Liu Sifan , Ma Ruixiao , Wang Xuejing , Chen Yanmei , Xu Juan , Zhang Yanhui
Published: September 2022

As a simple and promising hydrogen carrier, hydrogen production from formic acid (HCOOH) has been extensively investigated, owing to the properties of colorlessness, non-toxicity, and safety of formic acid.
Synthesis of mono- and few-layered n-type WSe2 from solid state inorganic precursors
Authors: Och Mauro , Anastasiou Konstantinos , Leontis Ioannis , Zemignani Giulia Zoe , Palczynski Pawel , Mostaed Ali , Sokolikova Maria S. , Alexeev Evgeny M. , Bai Haoyu , Tartakovskii Alexander I. , Lischner Johannes , Nellist Peter D. , Russo Saverio , Mattevi Cecilia
Published: September 2022

Tuning the charge transport properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is pivotal to their future device integration in post-silicon technologies.
Acid-mediated phase transition synthesis of stable nanocrystals for high-power LED backlights
Authors: Chen Rong , Liu Mengjia , Wang Min , Zhang Yinghao , Shan Bin , Cao Kun
Published: September 2022

Stable perovskite nanocrystals were obtained by acid-mediated phase transition synthesis and applied to a high-power white light LED.
A shear-thickening colloidal electrolyte for aqueous zinc-ion batteries with resistance on impact
Authors: Dong Haobo , Hu Xueying , He Guanjie
Published: September 2022

A bifunctional electrolyte was developed for aqueous zinc-ion batteries, which embeds impact resistance in the aqueous electrolyte and maintains a high-performance for full batteries.
Creating de novo peptide-based bioactivities: from assembly to origami
Authors: Ma Yuxing , Li Xiaofang , Zhao Ruoyang , Wu Enqi , Du Qiqige , Guo Jun , Wang Liping , Zhang Feng
Published: September 2022

Chain-like peptides and DNA share obvious similarities in terms of chain hybridization; thus, replacing DNA with peptides to create bioactivities not only has high theoretical feasibility but also provides a new bottom-up synthetic strategy.
Generation and characterization of coal-based needle coke produced by the co-carbonization of coal liquefaction pitch and anthracene oil
Authors: Zhang Yuzhu , Liu Xiang , Tian Miaomiao , Zhu Yaming , Hu Chaoshuai , Zhao Xuefei
Published: September 2022

The co-carbonization of coal liquefaction pitch and anthracene oil is a good method to generate high-quality needle coke. This is a good method for the clean and value-added utilization of coal liquefaction pitch.
A simple electrochemical immunosensor based on a chitosan/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for sensitive detection of biomarkers of malignant melanoma
Authors: Zhang Huihua , Qu Hui , Cui Jingbo , Duan Linxia
Published: September 2022

Simple electrochemical immunosensor is easily fabricated based on chitosan/reduce graphene oxide nanocomposite for sensitive determination of a tumor marker of malignant melanoma.
Transdermal delivery of dextran using conductive microneedles assisted by iontophoresis
Authors: Hu Tianli , Zhang Zhibiao , Xu Chenjie
Published: September 2022

The combination of microneedles (MNs) and iontophoresis (ITP) can enhance the dextran penetration in the skin.
Combining molecular encapsulation and an AIE strategy to construct an efficient blue TADF polymer for solution-processed multilayer white OLEDs
Authors: Ban Xinxin , Zhou Tao , Cao Qingpeng , Zhang Kaizhi , Tong Zhiwei , Xu Hui , Zhu Aiyun , Jiang Wei
Published: September 2022

Polymerization can achieve new powerful systems through the integrated assembly of components.
Achieving highly efficient narrowband sky-blue electroluminescence with alleviated efficiency roll-off by molecular-structure regulation and device-configuration optimization
Authors: Yan Xianju , Li Zhiqiang , Wang Qingyang , Qu Yupei , Xu Yincai , Wang Yue
Published: September 2022

B–N-containing emitter based MR-TADF OLEDs exhibiting a narrowband sky-blue emission with the FWHM of 29 nm, the maximum EQE of 31.0% and low efficiency roll-off were achieved by molecular regulation and device optimization.
Full-color and white circularly polarized luminescence from CdSe/ZnS quantum dots by chiral templates of cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Zuo Kai , Shi Haidong , Yan Xudong , Liu Jianxun , Liu Yan-Jun , Luo Dan , Shi Yue
Published: September 2022

Both narrowband and broadband CPL with glum on the order of 10−1 is demonstrated based on CNC chiral templates.
How do cells stiffen?
Authors: Galie Peter A. , Georges Penelope C. , Janmey Paul A.
Published: September 2022

Cell stiffness is an important characteristic of cells and their response to external stimuli. In this review, we survey methods used to measure cell stiffness, summarize stimuli that alter cell stiffness, and discuss signaling pathways and mechanisms that control cell stiffness. Several pathological states are characterized by changes in cell stiffness, suggesting this property can serve as a potential diagnostic marker or therapeutic target. Therefore, we consider the effect of cell stiffness on signaling and growth processes required for homeostasis and dysfunction in healthy and pathological states. Specifically, the composition and structure of the cell membrane and cytoskeleton are major determinants of cell stiffness, and studies have identified signaling pathways that affect cytoskeletal dynamics both directly and by altered gene expression. We present the results of studies interrogating the effects of biophysical and biochemical stimuli on the cytoskeleton and other cellular components and how these factors determine the stiffness of both individual cells and multicellular structures. Overall, these studies represent an intersection of the fields of polymer physics, protein biochemistry, and mechanics, and identify specific mechanisms involved in mediating cell stiffness that can serve as therapeutic targets.
Mapping Language to Actions and Movement Across Time and Space: New Strategies for Promoting Successful Task Execution
Authors: Ward Sarah , Jacobsen Kristen
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

This clinical focus article reviews current research on how individuals “map” language to their actions and movement across time and space as a key component of effective task execution and presents clinical recommendations for teaching students with impaired executive functioning to develop this essential “mapping” skill. Because students diagnosed with executive function (EF) challenges are generally not described as having a communication impairment, they frequently do not qualify to receive speech and language therapy in school settings. However, recent research indicates that both verbal and nonverbal language are foundational EF skills, and school-based speech and language pathologists will find that incorporating the language-based interventions for EF challenges outlined here can substantially improve treatment outcomes for all students with EF difficulties.

Conclusions:

We make four language-based treatment recommendations: (a) begin the development of independent EF skills by first introducing the concept of moving from the present to a desired future outcome as a form of “mental time travel” (e.g., start by mentally picturing oneself attaining the end goal of an assignment); (b) instruct students in the importance of picturing, talking about, and gesturing the concrete steps they will take to reach that future goal; (c) focus on developing robust verb vocabularies to make those mental steps as vivid as possible before the actual task execution begins; and (d) develop self-talk implementation intentions to strengthen both the ability to visualize oneself moving toward the future goal and the ability to form a “Plan B” when obstacles arise. We begin by considering a hands-on example of two students with contrasting EF profiles; followed by a review of the research on the four EF components and treatment steps outlined above; and conclude with a clinical model for teaching these four steps in school and treatment settings.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Kossakowski D. , Kürster M. , Henning Th , Trifonov T. , Caballero J. A. , Lafarga M. , Bauer F. F , Stock S. , Kemmer J. , Jeffers S. V. , Amado P. J. , Pérez-Torres M. , Béjar V. J. S. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Ribas I. , Reiners A. , Quirrenbach A. , Aceituno J. , Baroch D. , Cifuentes C. , Dreizler S. , Hatzes A. , Kaminski A. , Montes D. , Morales J. C. , Pavlov A. , Pena L. , Perdelwitz V. , Reffert S. , Revilla D. , Lopez C. Rodriguez , Rosich A. , Sadegi S. , Sanz-Forcada J. , Schöfer P. , Schweitzer A. , Zechmeister M.
Published: September 2022

Context.A challenge with radial-velocity (RV) data is disentangling the origin of signals either due to a planetary companion or to stellar activity. In fact, the existence of a planetary companion has been proposed, as well as contested, around the relatively bright, nearby M3.0 V star AD Leo at the same period as the stellar rotation of 2.23 days.

Aims.We further investigate the nature of this signal. We introduce new CARMENES optical and near-IR RV data and an analysis in combination with archival data taken by HIRES and HARPS, along with more recent data from HARPS-N, GIANO-B, and HPF. Additionally, we address the confusion concerning the binarity of AD Leo.

Methods.We consider possible correlations between the RVs and various stellar activity indicators accessible with CARMENES. We additionally applied models within a Bayesian framework to determine whether a Keplerian model, a red-noise quasi-periodic model using a Gaussian process, or a mixed model would explain the observed data best. We also exclusively focus on spectral lines potentially associated with stellar activity.

Results.The CARMENES RV data agree with the previously reported periodicity of 2.23 days, correlate with some activity indicators, and exhibit chromaticity. However, when considering the entire RV data set, we find that a mixed model composed of a stable and a variable component performs best. Moreover, when recomputing the RVs using only spectral lines insensitive to activity, there appears to be some residual power at the period of interest. We therefore conclude that it is not possible to determinedly prove that there is no planet orbiting in synchronization with the stellar rotation given our data, current tools, machinery, and knowledge of how stellar activity affects RVs. We do rule out planets more massive than 27M⊕(=0.084MJup). Likewise, we exclude any binary companion around AD Leo with M sinigreater than 3–6MJupon orbital periods <14 yr.
Measuring cavity powers of active galactic nuclei in clusters using a hybrid X-ray–radio method
Authors: Timmerman R. , van Weeren R. J. , Botteon A. , Röttgering H. J. A. , McNamara B. R. , Sweijen F. , Bîrzan L. , Morabito L. K.
Published: September 2022

Measurements of the quantity of radio-mode feedback injected by an active galactic nucleus into the cluster environment have mostly relied on X-ray observations, which reveal cavities in the intracluster medium excavated by the radio lobes. However, the sensitivity required to accurately constrain the dimensions of these cavities has proven to be a major limiting factor and it is the main bottleneck of high-redshift measurements. We describe a hybrid method based on a combination of X-ray and radio observations, which aims to enhance our ability to study radio-mode feedback. In this paper, we present one of the first samples of galaxy clusters observed with the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) at 144 MHz and use this sample to test the hybrid method at lower frequencies than before. By comparing our measurements with results found in literature based on the traditional method using only X-ray observations, we find that the hybrid method provides consistent results to the traditional method. In addition, we find that the correlation between the traditional method and the hybrid method improves as the X-ray cavities are more clearly defined. This suggests that using radio lobes as proxies for cavities may help to circumvent systematic uncertainties in the cavity volume measurements. Encouraged by the high volume of unique ILT observations which have been successfully processed, this hybrid method enables radio-mode feedback to be studied at high redshifts for the first time even for large samples of clusters.
A subnanometric material reveals new quantum-chemical insights into surface polarons
Authors: de Lara-Castells María Pilar , Miret-Artés Salvador
Published: September 2022

The recent advent of cutting-edge experimental techniques allows for a precise synthesis of monodisperse subnanometric metal clusters composed by just a few atoms, and opens new possibilities for subnanometer science. The decoration of titanium dioxide surfaces with Ag5 atomic clusters has enabled the stabilization of surface polarons and provided new quantum-chemical insights into an electron polarization phenomenon revealed by their formation.
The war in Ukraine: Does physics have a future?
Authors: Holovatch Yurij , Kordyuk Alexander , Mryglod Ihor
Published: September 2022

The war in Ukraine is still going on. The number of victims is increasing every day. Many research centers are destroyed, researchers are displaced, and the conditions and nature of work in almost all regions of Ukraine have undergone significant changes. Is it time to talk about the future of physics in Ukraine under such conditions now? It is our deep conviction that it is necessary.
Le mélanome uvéal est-il identique au mélanome cutané ?
Authors: Ch Papasotiriou Evangelia , Ben Abdeljelil Raihane , Benhammou Imane , Bertin Léa , Chadeuf Emmanuel , Colve Grégoire , Arrighi Nicole
Published: September 2022

L’école d’ingénieurs de l’Université Côte d’Azur, membre du réseau Polytech, compte le Génie Biologique parmi ses spécialités. Son but est de former des ingénieurs biologistes, qui seront les futurs cadres de l’industrie pharmaceutique, cosmétique et chimique. Les élèves-ingénieurs de 5eannée en Pharmacologie et Biotechnologies de Polytech Nice Sophia ont suivi, tout au long du semestre d’automne, l’actualité scientifique du mélanome uvéal, le cancer de l’œil le plus fréquent chez l’adulte. Ils ont été encadrés par une équipe composée d’un chercheur, d’un clinicien et d’un enseignant-chercheur. Corine Bertolotto est directrice de recherche à l’Inserm et co-dirige avec Robert Ballotti l’équipe Biologie et Pathologies des mélanocytes au Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (Inserm/ Université Côte d’Azur) (Corine.Bertolotto@univ-cotedazur.fr). Sacha Nahon-Estève est onco-ophtalmologue au CHU de Nice (nahon-esteve.s@chu-nice.fr) et Nicole Arrighi est enseignant-chercheur à l’Université Côte d’Azur (nicole.arrighi@univ-cotedazur.fr).
Investigation of stress corrosion cracking behavior of L360QS in different groove angles by electrochemical and SSRT method
Authors: Huang Junjie , Yang Mei , Li Yongdu , Wang Cengyi , Li Shuang
Published: September 2022

The effect of two different groove angles on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) sensitivity of welded joints was investigated by electrochemical and SSRT methods, and the fracture surface of tensile specimens was observed by SEM. The electrochemical results show that the corrosion resistance of HAZ region increases with the increase of welding groove angle, while the corrosion resistance of weld region decreases with the increase of welding groove angle. The results of SSRT of the welded joint show that, under the condition of no applied potential, under different welding groove angles (8°/15°), The maximum tensile strength is 546.08 MPa/560.64 MPa, the maximum fracture life is 44.6 h/46.8 h, the maximum elongation after fracture is 9.40%/9.73%, and the maximum reduction of area is 63.53%/65.14%. With the negative increase of applied potential, the SCC sensitivity of welded joint also shows an obvious increasing trend. The fracture morphology of the SSRT tensile test shows that with the negative increase of applied potential, the fracture changes from dimple-like ductile fracture to typical brittle fracture, and obvious stress corrosion fracture occurs.
Hygiene in der Endoskopie – wo stehen wir im Jahr
2022?
Authors: Beilenhoff Ulrike
Published: September 2022

Die Qualität von endoskopischen Eingriffen wird indirekt auch durch die
Qualität der Endoskopaufbereitung beeinflußt. Ausbrüche
zeigen immer wieder Schwachstellen in der Endoskopaufbereitung.

Methode Mit Hilfe von Fragebögen wurde die Aufbereitung von
flexiblen Endoskopen in Deutschland evaluiert.

Ergebnisse Durch den Vergleich der Umfragen von 2000, 2015 und 2022
konnten viele Detailverbesserungen in der Aufbereitung von flexiblen Endoskopen
festgestellt werden. Nichtleitlinienkonforme Varianten wurden deutlich
reduziert. Schwachstellen konnten bei der Schulung von angelerntem Personal und
der Aufbereitung von endoskopischem Zusatzinstrumentarium festgestellt werden.
Empfehlungen zu Leihgeräten, reparierten Endoskopen und
mikrobiologischen Kontrollen müssen von den offiziellen Gremien
konkretisiert werden.
Medical Flossing am Sprunggelenk – Effekte auf Bewegungsausmaß, Balance und subjektive Anstrengung
Authors: Lohkamp Monika , Limpach Sam
Published: September 2022

Das Supinationstrauma ist eine der häufigsten Verletzungen bei Sportlerinnen und Sportlern. Dementsprechend ist eine adäquate Prävention wichtig. Bekannte Risikofaktoren sind eine eingeschränkte Beweglichkeit des Sprunggelenks und eine schlechte Balancefähigkeit. Medical Flossing, eine neue Therapiemethode, könnte in diesem Fall sinnvoll eingesetzt werden, da es eine verbesserte Beweglichkeit sowie eine Reintegration der Propriozeption verspricht.

Ziel der Studie war, den Effekt von Medical Flossing auf die Dorsalextension des Sprunggelenks und die dynamische Balance bei gesunden Freizeitsportlerinnen und -sportlern zu testen.

In der randomisierten kontrollierten Studie führte die Interventionsgruppe eine Bewegungsübung mit Medical Flossing am Sprunggelenk durch, die Kontrollgruppe die gleiche Bewegungsübung ohne Flossing. Primäre Outcomes waren das Bewegungsausmaß der Dorsalextension des Sprunggelenks, gemessen anhand des Weight Bearing Lunge Tests, und die dynamische Balance, gemessen anhand des Y-Balance-Tests. Als sekundäres Outcome wurde die Einschätzung der subjektiven Anstrengung anhand einer Ratingskala erhoben. Eine 2-faktorielle ANOVA mit Messwiederholung wurde angewendet.

Zwanzig Sportler*innen nahmen an der Studie teil, 10 in jeder Gruppe. Die Dorsalextension zeigte einen signifikanten Gruppen- und Zeiteffekt mit einem Unterschied von der Prä-Messung zu allen anderen Zeitpunkten. In beiden Gruppen verbesserte sich die postero-laterale Reichweite im Y-Balance Test signifikant zur Prä-Messung, aber es gab keinen Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen. In postero-mediale Richtung gab es einen Zeiteffekt, aber post hoc konnten keine Unterschiede gezeigt werden. In anteriore Richtung gab es keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Die subjektive Anstrengung war in der Interventionsgruppe statistisch signifikant geringer.

Flossing, in Kombination mit aktiven Übungen, konnte in dieser Studie bei Freizeitsportlerinnen und -sportlern im Vergleich zu aktiven Übungen ohne Flossing das Bewegungsausmaß verbessern, aber nicht die Balancefähigkeit. Die Übung mit Flossing wurde als weniger anstrengend empfunden.
The State of Machine Learning in Outcomes Prediction of Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yang Darrion B. , Smith Alexander D. , Smith Emily J. , Naik Anant , Janbahan Mika , Thompson Charee M. , Varshney Lav R. , Hassaneen Wael
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this analysis is to assess the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms in the prediction of postoperative outcomes, including complications, recurrence, and death in transsphenoidal surgery. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically reviewed all papers that used at least one ML algorithm to predict outcomes after transsphenoidal surgery. We searched Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases for studies published prior to May 12, 2021. We identified 13 studies enrolling 5,048 patients. We extracted the general characteristics of each study; the sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC) of the ML models developed as well as the features identified as important by the ML models. We identified 12 studies with 5,048 patients that included ML algorithms for adenomas, three with 1807 patients specifically for acromegaly, and five with 2105 patients specifically for Cushing's disease. Nearly all were single-institution studies. The studies used a heterogeneous mix of ML algorithms and features to build predictive models. All papers reported an AUC greater than 0.7, which indicates clinical utility. ML algorithms have the potential to predict postoperative outcomes of transsphenoidal surgery and can improve patient care. Ensemble algorithms and neural networks were often top performers when compared with other ML algorithms. Biochemical and preoperative features were most likely to be selected as important by ML models. Inexplicability remains a challenge, but algorithms such as local interpretable model–agnostic explanation or Shapley value can increase explainability of ML algorithms. Our analysis shows that ML algorithms have the potential to greatly assist surgeons in clinical decision making.
Sural Sparing Pattern and Sensory Ratio as Electrodiagnostic and Prognostic Markers in Pediatric Guillain–Barré Syndrome
Authors: Günay Çağatay , Sarıkaya Uzan Gamze , Hız Kurul Semra , Yiş Uluç
Published: September 2022

Background We aimed to evaluate the presence of sural sparing pattern (SSP) and sensory ratio in pediatric Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), their distribution to subtypes, and their relationship with demographic and clinical features with a focus on the disability and muscle strength.

Methods This single-center retrospective study was conducted on pediatric GBS patients of both sexes with 2 years follow-up and two nerve conduction studies in which SSP and sensory ratio were calculated. Three subgroups of SSP were formed by separate calculation of median (SSP-m) and ulnar (SSP-u) and both median and ulnar sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs; SSP-total). Muscle strength and disability were evaluated with the Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score and Hughes functional grading scale (HFGS), respectively.

Results SSP total was identified in 70.6% (n: 24) of the patients, while sensory ratio >1 was observed in 20 (66.7%) patients. Patients with SSP-m, SSP-u, SSP-total, or sensory ratio >1 had higher HFGS scores, while patients with SSP-m, SSP-u, or SSP-total had lower MRC sum scores. SSP parameters were significantly associated with muscle strength and disability scores in acute motor axonal neuropathy patients.

Conclusion Both SSP and sensory ratio can be used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Disability and muscle strength are associated with SSP and sensory ratio in pediatric GBS.
Patient Characteristics Predictive of Immediate and Delayed Word Recall Performance Following Adolescent Concussion
Authors: Wingerson Mathew J , Wilson Julie C , Seehusen Corrine N , Walker Gregory A , Howell David R
Published: September 2022

Clinicians rely on objective concussion assessments that may be influenced by patient characteristics, creating difficulties in isolating the effect of concussion on patient function. The purpose of our study was to identify characteristics associated with performance on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th edition (SCAT5) 10-word recall test following adolescent concussion. We evaluated patients seen for care within 14 days of concussion (n=125; 15.2±1.6 years of age, range=11–18 years; 46% female; 6.9±3.4 days post-concussion). Patient demographic (age, sex, medical and concussion history, etc.), injury (timing of presentation, symptom severity, sport-type, etc.), and clinical test (Modified Balance Error Scoring System [mBESS], tandem gait) characteristics were assessed, in addition to SCAT5 immediate and delayed memory testing using the 10-word recall list. Immediate and delayed recall performance was significantly associated with concussion symptom burden and cognitive accuracy during tandem gait, although effect sizes were notably small. Specific variables such as age, sex, diagnosis of ADD/ADHD, and performance on other clinical assessments were not significantly associated with recall performance after controlling for covariates. Further, the 10-word recall list demonstrates specific advantages over previously used 5-word lists by way of decreased ceiling effects and reduced interference of inherent patient characteristics.
Benefits in Oral Health during Orthodontic Treatment of Patients Aged 17 to 21 Years
Authors: Toti Çeljana , Droboniku Etleva , Kaçani Gerta , Tepedino Michele , Meto Aida , Fiorillo Luca , D'Amico Cesare , Hysi Dorjan , Ndreu Kevin , Cicciù Marco , Tanellari Olja
Published: September 2022

Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of orthodontic treatment on patients' oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a population aged 17 to 21 years. The influence of gender and malocclusion severity was also investigated.

Materials and Methods In the present study, 108 patients were enrolled. Each patient completed a questionnaire about oral health impact profile (OHIP)-14 before treatment and after 12 months of treatment. The severity of the initial malocclusion was evaluated through the index for orthodontic treatment need (IOTN).

Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was performed to assess the presence of difference in OHRQoL score before and after the treatment, and the influence of gender and IOTN score on the observed outcomes.

Results We found no significant differences related to gender regarding their perception of how malocclusion affects the quality of life before orthodontic treatment. Moreover, no significant differences were found between males and females regarding their perception of how orthodontic treatment affects the quality of life 12 months after orthodontic treatment. Also, the analysis showed no statistically significant difference between males and females in the correlation IOTN-OHIP for Grades 2 and 3. A statistically significant difference between males and females was found only in Grade 4, both before (p = 0.046) and after treatment (p = 0.051).

Conclusion Finally, OHIP-14 can be a valuable instrument to assess the perceptions and the expectations of patients toward orthodontic treatment.
The Impact of Self-Reported Alcohol, Tobacco, and Recreational Drug Use during Pregnancy on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in First-Time Mothers
Authors: Daggy Joanne K. , Silver Robert M. , Guise David , Haas David M.
Published: September 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to derive profiles of alcohol, tobacco, and recreational drug use during pregnancy for first-time mothers with latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and determine the association of these classes with the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO).

Study Design A secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of Nulliparous Outcomes in Pregnancy: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be was conducted in eight medical centers across the United States from September 30, 2010, to September 23, 2013. Self-reported use of any alcohol, tobacco, or recreational drugs in the 1 month prior to the visit was assessed at up to four visits throughout pregnancy, and APOs included a composite of preterm birth, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP), small for gestational age (SGA) infant, or stillbirth, and each adverse outcome separately.

Results Four latent classes were identified from the LCGA for 10,031 nulliparous pregnant women that were on average 26.9 years old (standard deviation [SD] = 5.7) and mostly non-Hispanic White (59.7%). Classes included consistent tobacco users (N = 517, 5.2%), nonusers (N = 8,945, 89.2%), alcohol users (N = 500, 5.0%), and a combination of alcohol/tobacco/drug users (N = 69, 0.7%). Logistic regression demonstrated that the class of tobacco users was more likely to have an APO (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22–1.81), preterm birth (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.15–2.02), and SGA (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.36–2.35) relative to the class of nonusers. The class of alcohol users was more likely to have HDP (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.11–1.70) and less likely to have preterm birth (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.38–0.90) and SGA (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.40–0.93) compared to nonusers.

Conclusion Trajectories of substance use are associated with APOs; thus, interventions to mitigate the use when encountered early in pregnancy are warranted.

Key Points
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Is Not Associated with Breech Presentation in Preterm Infants
Authors: Leonard Samantha P. , Kresch Mitchell J.
Published: September 2022

Objectives The aim of the study is to (1) determine the incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in preterm infants born prior to 35 completed weeks' gestation in a breech presentation, and (2) evaluate if the association between breech presentation and DDH in full-term infants holds for premature infants.

Study Design This study design comprises retrospective review of infants born between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2017, at <35 weeks' gestation and admitted to the NICU. Infants had hip ultrasounds at 4 to 6 weeks' corrected age if they were born in a breech presentation with a stable hip examination. We excluded infants born in a presentation other than breech or vertex, had no documentation of presentation at birth, or if they died within the first year.

Results We included 1,533 infants. Preterm infants <35 weeks' gestation born in the breech versus vertex position had an incidence of DDH of 0.47% (2/428) and 0.36% (4/1,105), respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of DDH between infants born in the breech versus vertex position (Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of breech presentation in detecting DDH were 33, 72, 0.47, and 99.6%, respectively.

Conclusion There is no association between breech presentation and DDH in preterm infants <35 weeks' gestation. Obtaining hip ultrasounds on preterm infants <35 weeks' gestation born in the breech presentation with a normal hip examination is not recommended.

Key Points
The Association between Placenta Accreta Spectrum Severity and Incidence of Small for Gestational Age Neonates
Authors: Detlefs Sarah E. , Carusi Daniela A. , Modest Anna M. , Einerson Brett D. , Lyell Deirdre , Grace Matthew R. , Shrivastava Vineet K. , Khandelwal Meena , Salmanian Bahram , Shainker Scott A. , Fox Karin A. , Subramaniam Akila , Crosland Adam , Duryea Elaine L. , Shamshirsaz Amir A. , Shrestha Kevin , Belfort Michael A. , Silver Robert M. , Clark Steven L. , Shamshirsaz Alireza A.
Published: September 2022

Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate whether pathologic severity of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is correlated with the incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) and neonatal birthweight.

Study Design This was a multicenter cohort study of viable, non-anomalous, singleton gestations delivered with histology-proven PAS. Data including maternal history, neonatal birthweight, and placental pathology were collected and deidentified. Pathology was defined as accreta, increta, or percreta. The primary outcome was rate of SGA defined by birth weight less than the 10th percentile. The secondary outcomes included incidence of large for gestational age (LGA) babies as defined by birth weight greater than the 90th percentile as well as incidence of SGA and LGA in preterm and term gestations. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis, and log-binomial regression. Increta and percreta patients were each compared with accreta patients.

Results Among the cohort of 1,008 women from seven United States centers, 865 subjects were included in the analysis. The relative risk (RR) of SGA for increta and percreta did not differ from accreta after adjusting for confounders (adjusted RR = 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36–1.10 for increta and aRR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.45–1.16 for percreta). The results were stratified by placenta previa status, which did not affect results. There was no difference in incidence of LGA (p = 1.0) by PAS pathologic severity. The incidence of SGA for all PAS patients was 9.2% for those delivered preterm and 18.7% for those delivered at term (p = 0.004). The incidence of LGA for all PAS patients was 12.6% for those delivered preterm and 13.2% for those delivered at term (p = 0.8203).

Conclusion There was no difference in incidence of SGA or LGA when comparing accreta to increta or percreta patients regardless of previa status. Although we cannot suggest causation, our results suggest that PAS, regardless of pathologic severity, is not associated with pathologic fetal growth in the preterm period.

Key Points
Simulating the filamentation of smoothed laser beams with three-dimensional nonlinear dynamics
Authors: Babati L. J. , Farmer W. A. , Berger R. L. , Belyaev M. A. , Chapman T. , Hinkel D. E. , Kur E. , Williams E. A.
Published: September 2022

In a plasma, the ponderomotive force of an inhomogeneous electromagnetic field expels plasma from regions of high intensity. When a laser propagates through a plasma, this force creates density wells that subsequently modify the index of refraction. The beam refracts and focuses into these wells and may filament. In extreme cases, the laser beam will spray due to increasing angular divergence of the beam. The threshold for ponderomotive self-focusing is well established for isolated laser hotspots or speckles. Here, we define a practical threshold for characterizing the filamentation of thousands of speckles that are found in the focal plane of high-power laser beams spatially smoothed with random phase plates as used at high energy and power laser facilities studying inertial confinement fusion. This threshold is tested against three-dimensional simulations of speckled laser light propagating through plasma. Four metrics are applied to assess filamentation: the fraction of power above five times the average intensity, an effective f-number, the mean-squared perpendicular wavenumber, and the fraction of rarefied density with deviation from the initial density exceeding |δn/n| = 0.1. The speckled beams studied are generated by random phase plates, both with and without additional polarization smoothing, in a parameter regime of relevance to indirect drive experiments. While filamentation has been discussed extensively in the literature, we believe this to be the first published simulation study with three-dimensional nonlinear hydrodynamics that addresses the onset threshold of ponderomotive filamentation and establishes the lengths and time scales necessary to reach a statistical steady state.
Constructing differential equations using only a scalar time-series about continuous time chaotic dynamics
Authors: Tsutsumi Natsuki , Nakai Kengo , Saiki Yoshitaka
Published: September 2022

We propose a simple method of constructing a system of differential equations of chaotic behavior based on the regression only from scalar observable time-series data. The estimated system enables us to reconstruct invariant sets and statistical properties as well as to infer short time-series. Our successful modeling relies on the introduction of a set of Gaussian radial basis functions to capture local structures. The proposed method is used to construct a system of ordinary differential equations whose orbit reconstructs a time-series of a variable of the well-known Lorenz system as a simple but typical example. A system for a macroscopic fluid variable is also constructed.
Initial operation of perpendicular line-of-sight compact neutron emission spectrometer in the large helical device
Authors: Sangaroon S. , Ogawa K. , Isobe M.
Published: September 2022

The perpendicular line-of-sight compact neutron emission spectrometer (perpendicular CNES) was newly installed to understand the helically trapped fast-ion behavior through deuterium–deuterium (D–D) neutron energy spectrum measurement in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The energy calibration of the EJ-301 liquid scintillation detector system for perpendicular CNES was performed on an accelerator-based D–D neutron source. We installed two EJ-301 liquid scintillation detectors, which view the LHD plasma vertically from the lower side through the multichannel collimator. The D–D neutron energy spectrum was measured in a deuterium perpendicular-neutral-beam-heated deuterium plasma. By the derivative unfolding technique, it was found that the D–D neutron energy spectrum had a double-humped shape with peaks at ∼2.33 and ∼2.65 MeV. D–D neutron energy spectrum was calculated based on the fast ion distribution function using guiding center orbit-following models considering the detector’s energy resolution. The calculated peak energies in the D–D neutron energy spectrum almost match the experiment. In addition, a feasibility study toward the measurement of the energy distribution of ion-cyclotron-range-of-frequency-wave-accelerated beam ions was performed.
Transient chaotic behavior of fuzzy controlled polishing processes
Authors: Szaksz Bence , Stepan Gabor
Published: September 2022

This paper investigates the dynamics of a fuzzy controlled polishing machine where the effect of temporal sampling is also taken into account. Chaotic and transient chaotic behaviors are experienced for certain control parameter combinations. In the case of transient chaotic motion, closed-form algebraic expressions are determined for the expected value of the kickout number and for the corresponding standard deviation.
Flow development over inclined flat plates in ground effect and relation to aerodynamic loads
Authors: Pieris Supun , Yarusevych Serhiy , Peterson Sean D.
Published: September 2022

The aerodynamics of finite-span inclined flat plates in ground effect is experimentally investigated at a chord-based Reynolds number of 50 000 for aspect ratios of 1 and 2. The minimum ground height is varied between 0.1 and 1.0 chord lengths, and lift and drag forces are measured using a force balance for angles of attack between −90° and 90°. Planar, two- and three-component particle image velocimetry is used to perform streamwise and cross-plane measurements at the midspan and one chord length downstream of the trailing edge, respectively. Ground effect is significant at ground clearances below 0.5 chord lengths, most notably near the stall angle, where it leads to significant changes to flow development. At sufficiently low free flight pre-stall angles, the increase in edge velocity at low gap ratios caused greater suction, generating higher lift with a minimal increase in drag for both orientations. Closer to the free flight stall angle, a decrease in aerodynamic loading is observed for negative orientations due to earlier onset of stall with a decreasing gap ratio. The exception was the higher aspect ratio plate at negative orientations, where the loading was largely invariant to changes in gap ratio for all angles tested. At positive orientations, the increase in average static pressure along the pressure surface in ground proximity led to an overall increase in loading prior to deep-stall conditions for both aspect ratios. The ground effect was minimal at post-stall angles of attack. The results may be used to guide the design of photovoltaic supports at relevant latitudes.
Structure and dynamics of tail-free discotic liquid crystals: Simulations of fluorinated triphenylene
Authors: Powers M. , Twieg R. J. , Portman J. , Ellman B.
Published: September 2022

Recently, a large family of at least 14 discotic liquid crystals was discovered that are exceptions to the conventional paradigm that discotic mesogens tend to feature long, flexible tails on their periphery. To understand why these materials are liquid crystals, as well as the structural determinants of discotic phase behavior, we studied a group of closely related small tail-free disk-like molecules, including both mesogenic and non-mesogenic compounds differing only in the position of a single fluorine substituent. The rigidity and structural simplicity of these molecules make them well suited to for study by large, fully all-atom simulations. Using a combination of static and dynamic metrics, we were able to identify several key features of the columnar mesophase and, thereby, conclusively identify a columnar liquid crystalline mesophase present in a subset of our systems. Our simulations feature molecules hopping between columns in the columnar mesophase and distinctive molecular rotations in 60° steps about the columnar axis. The ability to create and characterize columnar mesophases in silico provides a potent tool for untangling the structural determinants of liquid crystalline behavior in these and other tail-free discotic liquid crystals.
Guiding the self-assembly of colloidal diamond
Authors: Marín-Aguilar Susana , Camerin Fabrizio , Dijkstra Marjolein
Published: September 2022

The assembly of colloidal cubic diamond is a challenging process since the shape and interaction parameters and the thermodynamic conditions where this structure is stable are elusive. The simultaneous use of shape-anisotropic particles and strong directional interactions has proven to be a successful path to exclusively nucleate this structure. Here, using molecular dynamics simulations, we explore in detail the conditions where the nucleation of cubic diamond from tetrahedral building blocks is favored. In particular, we focus on the effect of depletion and DNA-mediated interactions to form and stabilize this cubic diamond crystal. We find that a particular balance between the strength and the range of the depletion interactions enhances the self-assembly of stable cubic diamond, leading to a narrow region where this structure is nucleated. Moreover, we determine that stronger short-range depletion attractions may arrest the system, leading to the formation of percolating diamond networks or fully disordered gel structures. Accordingly, the internal arrangements of these structures exhibit a distinct variation in terms of fractal dimension and the presence of six-membered rings that increasingly acquire internal strain as the arrest gets more pronounced. With these results, we provide a clear route for the self-assembly of cubic colloidal diamond, toward the realization of crystals with superior photonic properties.