bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelaksanaan Program Pemberian Makanan Sehat Anak Usia Dini : Studi Evaluasi Program CIPP
Authors: Yeni Dea Ismi , Wulandari Heny , Hadiati Eti
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengevaluasi contexs, input, process dan  product program pemberian makanan sehat di TK Negeri Pembina Tanggamus. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian evaluatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, pada penelitian ini menggunakan model evaluasi teori Stufflebeam yaitu CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product). Data didapat dengan cara  wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan cara mereduksi data, setelah itu disajikan dalam bentuk deskripsi, dan diverifikasi dengan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: hasil evaluasi dari Context program pemberian makanan sehat menunjukkan bahwa program memiliki tujuan dan perencanaan yang jelas. Hasil evaluasi input program pemberian makanan sehat diketahui bahwa sekolah dan pemerintah memiliki peran yang baik dalam berjalannya program ini. Hasil evaluasi process program pemberian makanan sehat menunjukkan bahwa proses pelaksanaan pemberian makanan berjalan sesuai dengan proser yang telah disediakan oleh puskesmas dan yang menjadi kendala adalah kurangnya kerja sama orang tua dalam memberikan makanan sehat kepada anak pada saat anak dirumah. Hasil evaluasi product /hasil  program pemberian makanan sehat menunjukan bahwa pencapaian target berat badan anak sesuai dengan usia nya dan anak tidak ada yang mengalami gizi buruk atau stunting.
Hastaların Hemşirelik Bakım Memnuniyetleri: Cerrahi Hastaları Örneği
Authors: ARSLAN Sibel , GÜRSOY Ayla
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Araştırma cerrahi servislerindeki hastaların hemşirelik bakım memnuniyetlerini ölçmek amacıyla yapıldı.

Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı türde olan araştırma cerrahi servislerinde 267 hasta ile gerçekleştirildi. Veriler “hasta tanıtıcı özellikler formu” ve “Newcastle hemşirelik bakımı memnuniyet ölçeği” kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile toplandı.

Bulgular: Hastaların hemşirelik bakımı memnuniyet düzeyi ortalamasının 81.7±15.2 olduğu saptandı. Hastaların en çok “hemşirelerin mahremiyetlerine gösterdikleri saygıdan” ve en az “hemşirelerin durumları ve tedavileri ile ilgili yeterli bilgi vermelerinden” memnun oldukları belirlendi. Hemşirelerden sağlıkla ilgili bilgi alan, hemşirelerin verdiği bilgiyi, bakımı ve iletişim düzeyini iyi bulan, korku ve endişelerini hemşirelerle paylaşan ve hemşirelerin verdiği bakımın iyileşmeye etkisinin fazla olduğunu düşünen hastaların bakım memnuniyetlerinin anlamlı şekilde daha yüksek olduğu bulundu (p
BEING AN INNOVATIVE AND CREATIVE TEACHER: PASSION-DRIVEN PROFESSIONAL DUTY
Authors: Žydžiūnaitė Vilma , Arce Ander
Published: April 2021

The research problem relates to the lack of existing research in terms of understanding the meaning of being an innovative and creative teacher in association with a passion connected to professional duty. Research questions were the following: “What does it mean for a teacher to be innovative and creative? What makes an innovative and creative teacher?”. The aim was to explore the meaning of being an innovative and creative teacher through teachers’ experiences. The methodology was based on integration of practical phenomenology and epistemological phenomenology. The sample consisted of ten teachers from ten innovative Basque Country schools. Data was collected by using open-ended interviews. Findings showed that the passion-driven professional duty integrates being an ambitious professional, being professional through ethical and moral actions, endeavoring to discover students’ learning needs, designing learning environments, being coherent with school philosophy, and testing for improvement. Findings showed that a teacher’s innovativeness and creativeness are directed to the self, professional actions, students, school, and professional development. Conclusions are focused on empirical facts that innovative and creative teachers experience the meaning of their practices through duties, which they perform with passion. Teachers’ innovativeness and creativity are related to ethical, moral, professional, intellectual, social, institutional, individual, and processual needs.
Variability of Late-time Radio Emission in the Superluminous Supernova PTF10hgi
Authors: Hatsukade B. , Tominaga N. , Morokuma T. , Morokuma-Matsui K. , Tamura Y. , Niinuma K. , Hayashi M. , Matsuda Y. , Motogi K.
Published: April 2021

We report the time variability of the late-time radio emission in a Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN), PTF10hgi, at z = 0.0987. The Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array 3 GHz observations at 8.6 and 10 yr after the explosion both detected radio emission with a ∼40% decrease in flux density in the second epoch. This is the first report of a significant variability of the late-time radio light curve in an SLSN. Through combination with previous measurements in two other epochs, we constrained both the rise and decay phases of the radio light curve over three years, peaking at approximately 8–9 yr after the explosion with a peak luminosity of L
3 GHz = 2 × 1021 W Hz−1. Possible scenarios for the origin of the variability are an active galactic nucleus (AGN) in the host galaxy, an afterglow caused by the interaction between an off-axis jet and circumstellar medium, and a wind nebula powered by a newly born magnetar. Comparisons with models show that the radio light curve can be reproduced by both the afterglow model and magnetar wind nebula model. Considering the flat radio spectrum at 1–15 GHz and an upper limit at 0.6 GHz obtained in previous studies, plausible scenarios are a low-luminosity flat-spectrum AGN or a magnetar wind nebula with a shallow injection spectral index.
Late onset periprosthetic joint infection of the knee caused by Streptococcus anginosus. Case presentation and literature review
Authors: Marongiu Giuseppe , Conte Marco , Verderosa Vincenzo , Congia Stefano , Dessì Giuseppe , Verona Marco , Mazzarello Vittorio , Donadu Matthew Gavino
Published: April 2021

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most dramatic complications of joint arthroplasty. Although streptococcal bone and joint infections are less common than staphylococcal cases, their role as causative agents of bone and joint remains significant accounting for at least 10% of PJIs. Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) bacteria are usually found in the normal flora of the urogenital tract, intestinal tract and oropharynx and could cause pyogenic infections to affect brain, lungs and liver. SAG bacteria are uncommonly reported as a cause of osteomyelitis and the involvement of a joint represent a rare event. S. anginosus has been anecdotical related to implant devices infections such as vascular prosthesis or orthopedic implants, however, PJI of the knee has never been fully reported before. We describe the case of a late onset periprosthetic knee infection due to Streptococcus anginosus successfully treated by a two-stage revision arthroplasty and postoperative parenteral Vancomycin, (2 g per day) and Levofloxacin (750 mg per day) for 4 weeks and then oral Levofloxacin for a further 2 weeks.
The The PaO2/FiO2 ratio on admission is independently associated with prolonged hospitalization in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Zinellu Angelo , De Vito Andrea , Scano Valentina , Paliogiannis Panagiotis , Fiore Vito , Madeddu Giordano , Maida Ivana , Zinellu Elisabetta , Mangoni Arduino Aleksander , Arru Luigi Benedetto , Carru Ciriaco , Babudieri Sergio , Pirina Pietro , Fois Alessandro Giuseppe
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The early identification of factors that predict the length of hospital stay (HS) in patients affected by coronavirus desease (COVID-19) might assist therapeutic decisions and patient flow management.

Methodology: We collected, at the time of admission, routine clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters of hypoxia, lung damage, inflammation, and organ dysfunction in a consecutive series of 50 COVID-19 patients admitted to the Respiratory Disease and Infectious Disease Units of the University Hospital of Sassari (North-Sardinia, Italy) and alive on discharge.

Results: Prolonged HS (PHS, >21 days) patients had significantly lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio and lymphocytes, and significantly higher Chest CT severity score, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) when compared to non-PHS patients. In univariate logistic regression, Chest CT severity score (OR = 1.1891, p = 0.007), intensity of care (OR = 2.1350, p = 0.022), PaO2/FiO2 ratio (OR = 0.9802, p = 0.007), CRP (OR = 1.0952, p = 0.042) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (OR = 1.0039, p = 0.036) were significantly associated with PHS. However, in multivariate logistic regression, only the PaO2/FiO2 ratio remained significantly correlated with PHS (OR = 0.9164; 95% CI 0.8479-0.9904, p = 0.0275). In ROC curve analysis, using a threshold of 248, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio predicted PHS with sensitivity and specificity of 60% and 91%, respectively (AUC = 0.780, 95% CI 0.637-0.886 p = 0.002).

Conclusions: The PaO2/FiO2 ratio on admission is independently associated with PHS in COVID-19 patients. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding.
A mHealth intervention to promote hand-washing and cell phone cleaning in medical residents of a public hospital in Peru
Authors: Lazo-Porras Maria , Corante Matilde , De La Cruz-Saldaña Tania , Bohórquez Ingrid , Campos Kalina , Ricaldi Jessica , Malaga German
Published: April 2021

Introduction: We explore the limitations to adherence of hand-washing and evaluate the impact of a mHealth intervention for hand hygiene in residents.

Methodology: We explore resident's perspectives about Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) and hand washing. In baseline, participants completed socio-demographic characteristics and hand-washing habits survey. The intervention consisted of sending SMS three times a week for two months about hand hygiene and “five moments” for hand washing. The cultures of hands and cell phones were analyzed at baseline, 2 months and 4 months. We used chi-square and adjusted Generalized Estimating Equations.

Results: Five physicians were interviewed and 33 participants were included for quantitative analysis. Critical barriers that hinder hand washing were identified. The proportion of Staphylococcus aureus in hands was 54.5% at baseline and was significantly reduced at 2 months follow-up (p = 0.009), but, benefit was lost when the intervention was discontinued; Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. were observed in 22.2% of hands, no changes were noted with intervention. In cell phones, there was a tendency to lower values of bacterial colonization after intervention for Staphylococcus aureus growth.

Conclusions: High prevalence of contamination in hands and phones in medical residents were found. Serious barriers to compliance with hand washing must be overcome. It is possible that prolonged or continuous interventions could be necessary to optimize hand washing and reduce hand and cell phones contamination.
Lung Fibrosis Sequelae After Recovery from COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Susanto Agus Dwi , Triyoga Paulus Arka , Isbaniah Fathiyah , Fairuz Aulya , Cendikiawan Hans , Zaron Ferdynand , Aryanti Intan , Irbah Sarah Naura , Hidayat Moulid
Published: April 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19). The SARS-CoV-2 is very contagious and nobody is known to be immune to it. The post-infected lung would leave a scar known as fibrosis, a scar tissue. A study from Wuhan, China suggested the development of fibrosis, though it was too early to label these lung changes as irreversible fibrosis in a time range of 3 weeks. The occurrence of fibrosis indicates a chronic infection which greatly contributes to the hallmark symptom of COVID-19 induced ARDS such as shortness of breath and chest pain. However, many of those studies have not yet explained the condition of the patient's lung after total recovery from the COVID-19. This report demonstrates the clinical symptoms, chest CT scan, spirometry, and blood gas analysis of patient after total recovery from the COVID-19 with appearance lung fibrosis.
Perinatal Methamphetamine Use: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Hickert Alyssa , Rowley Benjamin , Doyle Marley
Published: April 2021

Methamphetamine is the second most commonly used illicit substance worldwide and the third most commonly abused substance in certain Western and Midwestern states, behind alcohol and cannabis. The presence of methamphetamine use in pregnancy requires that practitioners have familiarity with not only its pharmacologic effects, but also the potential risks during pregnancy or breast-feeding to both the mother and neonate. However, studies regarding methamphetamine use in the perinatal period are limited, with few comprehensive reviews available. In this article, we aim to address gaps in the literature through a review of the pharmacology of methamphetamine, its effects on perinatal patients, and the available data regarding pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2021;51(4):189–197.]
Sleep Quality and Daytime Sleepiness in Prelicensure Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Blome Melissa J. , Johnson Michelle L. , Jones Mark A. , Moore Marilyn S. , Beck Mark F.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Nursing students need to learn about sleep health to provide safe patient care. The purpose of this study was to investigate sleep in nursing students and describe factors that affect their sleep.

Method:

This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design with a convenience sample from baccalaureate nursing programs in a midwestern region of the United States. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Sleep Hygiene Index.

Results:

Two hundred fifty-four nursing students reported poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and maladaptive sleep hygiene, regardless of their year of study or enrollment status. Behavior of technology use into the night was the most frequent reason why students lost sleep.

Conclusion:

Learning the importance of sleep hygiene, good sleep quality, and the associated health benefits may assist nursing students with achieving optimal daytime functioning. Consideration should be given to sleep health content as a thread through nursing curriculum.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(4):196–202.]
Immersion Experiences About Homelessness and Psychological Processes of Nursing Students: A Pilot Study
Authors: Opalinski Andra S. , Groton Danielle , Linette Donna , Newman David , Pratt Beth A. , D'Avolio Deborah
Published: April 2021

Background:

Across disciplines, research findings demonstrate that positive exposure to members of stigmatized groups is effective in reducing social stigma. This study explored differences in nursing students' psychological processes about people experiencing homelessness related to a community immersion intervention.

Method:

This descriptive exploratory study examined change from pre- to postintervention. Linguistic inquiry and word count explores affective psychological and social psychological processes of undergraduate and graduate nursing students.

Results:

Average word use for overall affective and social psychological processes showed significant difference postimmersion intervention. No significant difference was found between affective and social processes postimmersion intervention in relation to nursing students' gender, previous experience with people experiencing homelessness, or previous nursing experience working in an emergency care setting.

Conclusion:

Affective and social psychological processes had significant differences after an immersion event. This supports that a well-designed immersion experience can be effective in both graduate and undergraduate programs and across student characteristics.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(4):216–219.]
Challenges of Preparing Nursing Students for Practice: The Faculty Perspective
Authors: Patterson Judith A. , Chrisman Matthew , Skarbek Anita , Martin-Stricklin Suzanne , Patel Sarah E.
Published: April 2021

Background:

A significant challenge facing nursing is new graduate RNs' unreadiness for practice. To better understand the issue, this study presents the challenges nursing faculty encounter in preparing nursing students for clinical practice through semi-structured interviews.

Method:

Eight faculty from a private midwestern university's prelicensure Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program participated in the study. A modified version of Colaizzi's data analysis method was used to interpret the data.

Results:

Three main interrelated themes were identified: Facilitating Learning Among Today's Nursing Students, Teaching in an Era of Information Explosion and Health Care Reform, and Providing High-Quality Clinical Education.

Conclusion:

Findings from this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the challenges in preparing competent future nurses and offer insight into factors influencing the underpreparation of some new graduate BSN RNs.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(4):225–228.]
Screen Recorder for Guiding Distance Learning: Case Study of Teacher Professional Education Program
Authors: Wiradimadja Agung , Ratnawati Nurul , Kurniawan Bayu , Yaniafari Rahmati Putri , Alivi Justsinta Sindi
Published: April 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has negatively impacted societies in many sectors, including education sector. One of the effects is that teaching and learning activities cannot be done in campus, thus Teacher Professional Education or PPG (Pendidikan Profesi Guru) that used to be conducted in campus, should be carried out online by using LMS (Learning Management System) called SIM PKB. The problem is that the students are not familiar with the LMS used, which cause most of them to experience technical problems in the process of the digital learning. This condition requires the class administrators to guide them in using the LMS. This article discusses the use of a screen recorder application to guide PPG students’ learning. This research was conducted by observing the digital learning activities of PPG students in SIM PKB LMS before and after watching a video tutorial made using screen recorder application. The results show that the use of screen recorder is effective in helping class administrators to guide the students in operating the LMS. Before the video tutorial was published, there was a virtual meeting with the same objective. However, still, there were so many inquiries about particular functions in the LMS. After the video tutorial was given to the students, there was no more complain regarding technical problems, because the video tutorials can be played repeatedly. Once the video downloaded, the students can play it despite their unstable internet connections. In this case, screen recorders can also save more on the internet quota consumption.
Encouraging Student’s Soft-Skill by Web-Based EColloquium Learning Approach to Enhance Advance Feedbacks
Authors: Idris Idris , Adi Khofifatu Rohmah , Kurniawan Bayu , Siddik Syahril
Published: April 2021

The use of information technology in learning has become a demand for the implementation of modern education. Various patterns of technology integration in learning are proposed to improve optimal learning outcomes. This study aims to develop learning media in the form of web-based e-colloquium to increase students’ soft-skills. This development used research and development method with the ADDIE model (analyzing, designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating). This study found that web-based E-colloquium was feasible to be implemented. In addition, responses obtained from both students and the public show that product implementation provides broad opportunities to develop students’ skills such as communication skills, mental readiness, and public presentation technique skills. This development product contributes to an alternative learning media that could be beneficial for higher education institutions in Indonesia.
Projects Management in Technology Start-ups for Mobile Software Development
Authors: Petrov Pavel , Ivanov Svetoslav , Dimitrov Petar , Dimitrov Georgi , Bychkov Oleksii
Published: April 2021

The management of the technology start-up company for development of software for mobile devices includes various activities such as creation of specification, development, implementation, sale, and maintenance of software for mobile devices, as well as services for it. Usually the main activity is the production and maintenance of software for mobile devices, but there may be different options and sub-options in the business model of the technology start-up, which are divided into two main categories - products and services. In recent years, there has been a trend to move into a business with service providers. The objective of our study is to outline some specifics about the operation of technology start-up companies for mobile software development in areas such as the management of human and financial resources, choosing the suitable methodology for software development and business model to follow.
Designing Cuckoo Based Pending Interest Table for CCN Networks
Authors: Alhisnawi Mohammad , Abdulhassan Aladdin
Published: April 2021

Content Centric Networking (CCN) is a modern architecture that got wide attention in the current researches as a substitutional for the current IP-based architecture. Many studies have been investigated on this novel architecture but only little of them focused on Pending Interest Table (PIT) which is very important component in every CCN router. PIT has fundamental role in packet processing in both upstream process (Interest packets) and downstream process (Data packets). PIT must be fast enough in order to not become an obstruction in the packet processing and also it must be big enough to save a lot of incoming information. In this paper, we suggest a new PIT design and implementation named CF-PIT for CCN router. Our PIT design depends on modifying and utilizing an approximate data structure called Cuckoo filter (CF). Cuckoo filter has ideal characteristics like: high insertion/query/deletion performance, acceptable storage demands and false positive probability which make it with our modification convenient for PIT implementation. The experimental results showed that our CF-PIT design has high performance in different side of views which make it very suitable to be implemented on CCN routers.
Utilization of Various Disruptive Community Learning Resources for the Covid-19 Period in the Perspective of Life Based Learning
Authors: Hardika Hardika , Aisyah Eny Nur , Listyaningrum R. Anggia
Published: April 2021

This study aims (1) to analyze the use of various disruptive community learning resources during the Covid-19 period in terms of characteristics, levels, and types of learning resources used by lecturers in lectures, and (2) to find out the differences in the use of various disruptive community learning resources during the Covid-19 period between fields of science at Universitas Negeri Malang. The research approach used quantitative with an ex post facto design. The respondents of this research were 393 students of Universitas Negeri Malang from eight faculties. The data was collected through a closed questionnaire distributed through the Google Form application technology. Data analysis was performed by using percentage description statistics and different tests of the use of learning resources between the sciences, social humanities, and engineering. The results of the analysis show that (1) the characteristics, levels, and types of disruptive community learning resources in the Covid-19 era used by lecturers in lectures vary widely, (2) there are significant differences in the use of various disruptive community learning resources during the Covid-19 period between science and social humanities students, and engineering.
Deutsch als historische Regionalsprache in Siebenbürgen
Authors: Sava Doris
Published: April 2021

Siebenbürgen ist durch eine historisch bedingte Mehrsprachigkeit und diglossische Sprachverhältnisse (Dialekt – Standardsprache) gekennzeichnet und daher auch eine sprachhistorisch wichtige Sprachinsel des Deutschen. Deutschsprachige Kanzleiurkunden außerhalb des geschlossenen deutschen Sprachgebiets bieten Informationen zu den Besonderheiten des Deutschen in arealer Abgrenzung und zur frühneuhochdeutschen institutionellen Schriftlichkeit. Der Beitrag ist der Regionalsprache Deutsch in Sprachkontaktsituation gewidmet, wobei exemplarisch am Beispiel der Gerichtsverhandlungen (1650–1700) des Verwaltungszentrums Hermannstadt das historische Profil des Deutschen als Amtssprache in Siebenbürgen dokumentiert werden soll. Aus synchroner Sicht ist das in Siebenbürgen und in Rumänien, heute nicht mehr ausschließlich von den Rumäniendeutschen gesprochene (Hoch)Deutsch, das Rumäniendeutsche, eine überrregionale Sprachvarietät des Deutschen. Infolge der massiven Auswanderung der Rumäniendeutschen ab 1990 und des dramatischen Rückgangs der Muttersprachler hat sich die Sprachsituation stark verändert. Gegenwärtig wird diese Standardvarietät vom Rumänischen stark beeinflusst, sodass einige Auffälligkeiten im Sprachgebrauch und Bemerkungen zum aktuellen Stand des Deutschen in Rumänien den Beitrag abrunden.
Deutsch-bosnischer Sprachkontakt am Beispiel bosnischer Kulturspezifika in Milena Preindlsberger-Mrazovićs Die Bosnische Ostbahn
Authors: Memić Nedad
Published: April 2021

Österreich-Ungarns Rolle als Okkupations- und später auch Annexionsmacht in Bosnien-Herzegowina war u. a. auch von einem Versuch geprägt, das Land kulturell „zu missionieren“ und es an mitteleuropäische Kulturströmungen anzuschließen. Die beginnende Industrialisierung oder große Infrastrukturprojekte wie Bahnstrecken wurden dabei als notwendige Schritte betrachtet, um das Land „zu zivilisieren“. Die kroatischstämmige Journalistin, Ethnografin und Schriftstellerin Milena Preindlsberger-Mrazović zählte zu den überzeugten MonarchiebürgerInnen in Bosnien-Herzegowina, die die k. u. k. Präsenz in diesem Land als Zivilisierungs- und Emanzipierungsmission verstand. Vor diesem Hintergrund entstand ihr Reiseführer Die Bosnische Ostbahn im Jahr 1908, in dem sie versuchte, das unbekannte Land entlang der bosnischen Ostbahnstrecke dem interessierten deutschsprachigen Reisepublikum näherzubringen. In diesem Beitrag konzentrieren wir uns auf Lösungen und Methoden, die die Autorin anwendete, um bosnische Kulturspezifika bzw. Realia ins Deutsche zu übertragen und sie auf diese Weise der bosnienunkudigen Leserschaft im deutschsprachigen Raum sowie zahlreichen k. u. k. Zuwanderern in Bosnien-Herzegowina zu präsentieren.
Slowenisch-deutscher Sprachkontakt gezeigt an der Sprachinsel Zarz/Sorica im Vergleich mit Kärnten
Authors: Pohl Heinz-Dieter
Published: April 2021

Der slowenisch-deutsche Sprachkontakt in Krain und der deutsch-slowenische Sprachkontakt in Kärnten sind einander recht ähnlich. In beiden Ländern ist es dann vielfach zum Sprachwechsel gekommen, so z. B. in Zarz schon vor 1941/45. Der Sprachwechsel nördlich und südlich der Karawanken ging spiegelverkehrt vor sich: Zuerst setzte sich im Norden der deutsche Wort­schatz und dann die deutsche Grammatik durch, im Süden zuerst die slowenische Grammatik und später erst der slowenische Wortschatz.

Die angeführten Beispiele zeigen, dass das Erlöschen des Deutschen in Krain und des Sloweni­schen in Kärnten sehr ähnlich erfolgt ist. Auf Grund der deutschen und slowenischen Sprachstruktur ergeben sich durchaus vergleichbare und gleichwertige Übergangsstadien, die man oft als „Mischsprachen“ be­zeichnet hat, so in Kärnten als „Windisch“. Deren Sprecher hat man oft als „schwebendes Volkstum“ bezeichnet, doch dieses Wort hat allerdings auch andere (v. a. politische) Nebenbedeutungen. Doch realistisch gesehen handelt es sich hier um keine „Sprachen“, sondern um Sprachfor­men, die an Einzelpersonen gebunden sind, die sich im Status assimilationis befinden und im Grunde genommen „zweisprachig“ im wahr(st)en Sinn des Wortes sind, nicht aber um Gruppensprachen oder gar „Dialekte“ im engeren Sinn des Wortes. Somit ist der hier vorgestellte Dialekt ein gutes Beispiel für Sprachkontakt ganz allgemein, der letzten Endes zum Sprachwechsel führt.
Deutsche Kolonien in Bosnien-Herzegowina bis 1914
Authors: Radanović Sanja
Published: April 2021

Die Regierung der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie in Bosnien-Herzegowina von 1878 bis 1918 wurde unter anderem durch die Ansiedlung von Beamten, Ingenieuren, Handwerkern, Bauern und Menschen anderer Berufe aus verschiedenen Gebieten der Monarchie gekennzeichnet. Einen wichtigen Platz unter ihnen nahmen deutsche Bauern ein, welche in den letzten Jahrzehnten des 19. Jahrhunderts fruchtbare Gebiete im Norden Bosnien-Herzegowinas ansiedelten, besonders dessen nordwestliche Gebiete, und ihre Kolonien gründeten. Trotz Schwierigkeiten, auf die sie am Anfang stießen, gelang es ihnen, dank ihrer unermüdlichen Arbeit und Ausdauer, der Nutzung von für die damalige Zeit modernen landwirtschaftlichen Maschinen und Geräten und dem Unternehmen einiger Maßnahmen, sowie der Hilfe aus Deutschland und Erleichterungen, welche sie von der bosnisch-herzegowinischen Regierung bekamen, eine beträchtliche Steigerung der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion zu erreichen. Bereits in den ersten Jahren begannen sie Kirchen und Schulen zu bauen, wobei sie große Unterstützung bei den Mönchen aus dem Trappisten-Kloster in der Nähe von Banja Luka fanden. Dadurch konnten sie ihr soziales und kulturelles Leben organisieren und ihre nationale Identität bewahren. Unter den deutschen Kolonien zeichneten sich besonders Windthorst und Rudolfstal in der Nähe von Banja Luka aus, sowohl durch ihre Oberfläche und Einwohnerzahl als auch durch eine erfolgreiche landwirtschaftliche Produktion. Dank den deutschen Kolonien wurde die landwirtschaftliche Produktion in Bosnien-Herzegowina erheblich verbessert.
Das Schicksal der deutschen Sprachminderheit in Slowenien
Authors: Ferenc Mitja
Published: April 2021

Mit dem Zerfall der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie fand sich eine halbe Million Personen mit Deutsch als Muttersprache im neugegründeten jugoslawischen Staat wieder. Der kleinere Teil, rund 30.000, lebte im Jahr 1931 auf dem Gebiet des heutigen Slowenien, wo diese Menschen 2,5 % der Bevölkerung darstellten. Sie waren in wirtschaftlicher und sozialer Hinsicht der stärkste und am besten organisierte Teil der deutschen Sprachminderheit. Obwohl der Umfang der Rechte, die die Deutschen im Vergleich zu den übrigen Sprachminderheiten genossen, am größten war, waren diese immer von der jeweiligen Politik der jugoslawischen Regierungen abhängig.

Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg nutzten die neuen jugoslawischen Behörden die Ethnozid-Besatzungspolitik des deutschen Staates und vor allem die Mitwirkung eines Teils der Angehörigen der deutschen Minderheit an dieser Politik für die endgültige Auseinandersetzung mit den Deutschen aus. Zunächst wurden sie in Konzentrationslager gebracht und danach aus dem Staat vertrieben, wobei ihr Vermögen konfisziert wurde. Einige Hundert wurden außergerichtlich liquidiert. Die Auseinandersetzung mit den Deutschen in der Nachkriegszeit war so heftig, dass in Slowenien nur noch „verstreute Reste“ der Minderheit übrigblieben. Auf der Grundlage der Volkszählungen wird belegt, dass die Anzahl der Deutschen und Österreicher bzw. der Personen mit Deutsch als Muttersprache niemals wieder an nicht einmal ein Zehntel der Anzahl vor dem Krieg heranreichte. Neben der kleinen Anzahl zählen zu den weiteren Merkmalen der deutschsprachigen Volksgruppe ihre territoriale Zerstreuung, ihr Nicht-Autochthonismus, ihre hohe Umzugsfrequenz und auch eine spezifische, vom slowenischen Durchschnitt abweichende Bevölkerungsstruktur.

Bei der letzten Volkszählung im Jahr 2002 wurden nur 963 Personen mit Deutsch als Muttersprache gezählt. Nach dem Kriterium der Nationalität gab es 181 Österreicher und 499 Deutsche. Nach den demokratischen Veränderungen im Jahr 1990 wurden mehrere deutsche Vereine gegründet. Die Erwartungen der Republik Österreich bezüglich der verfassungsrechtlichen Anerkennung der deutschen Minderheit in Slowenien regelten die Staaten im Jahr 2001 mit einem Kulturabkommen. Mit diesem Abkommen sind weder die deutschsprachige Gemeinschaft in Slowenien noch die Republik Österreich zufrieden, weil sie eine verfassungsrechtliche Anerkennung der deutschen Sprachminderheit in Slowenien und Rechte erwarten, die mit denen der italienischen und ungarischen Minderheit vergleichbar wären.
Gottschee – Spielball der Politik
Authors: Begovac Ana
Published: April 2021

Die vorliegende Arbeit zum Thema „Gottschee – Spielball der Politik“ zeichnet die Behandlung der deutschen Minderheit durch unterschiedliche politische Mächte. Es wird ein knapper Einblick in die historischen sowie politischen Hintergründe gegeben, die für die Region Gottsche/Kočevje und die dort lebenden Gottscheedeutschen maßgebend waren, um aufzuzeigen, wie eine kleine „nationale“ Minderheit mit ihrer Kultur und insbesondere ihrer Sprache zur „Spielfigur“ der jeweils herrschenden Politik wurde. Die voranschreitende „Nazifizierung“ seit 1939 und die damit verbundene Affinität der Gottscheer Deutschen zum Nationalsozialismus hatten im sozialistischen Jugoslawien unter Josip Broz Tito weitreichende Konsequenzen für die deutsche Minderheit. Ein wesentlicher Einschnitt ins Leben der Gottscheer Deutschen stellte zudem die Zwangsumsiedlung in das Deutsche Reich im Jahr 1941 dar, als Gottschee an Italien fiel. Letzten Endes verhinderten die antideutsche Stimmung nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg im sozialistischen Jugoslawien und das damit verbundene Vorgehen gegen die deutsche Minderheit die Entwicklung dieser Minderheit in Jugoslawien.
Deutsche Minderheit(en) und Institutionen. Beiträge zur Minderheitenkunde für Germanistikstudenten der Fachrichtung Deutsch als Nationalitätensprache
Authors: Pohl Heinz-Dieter
Published: April 2021

Dieses umfang- und inhaltsreiche Buch beruht zunächst auf der Bearbeitung von Dokumenten zur Sprach- und Minderheitenpolitik in Ungarn nach der Wende von 1989/1990. Dazu kommt dann die Erfahrung aus der langjährigen Expertentätigkeit des Verfassers für die Europäische Charta der Regional- oder Minderheitensprachen, wobei diesem Thema auch die Erfahrungen, Besuche und Studien durch die Vermittlung des Netzwerks der deutschen Minderheiten im Dachverband der Föderalistischen Union Europäischer Nationalitäten (FUEN), der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutscher Minderheiten (https://agdm.fuen.org) zu Gute kommen, ist doch der Verfasser in diesem Bereich seit über 20 Jahren tätig. So können viele Prozesse und Entscheidungen in und über die deutschen Minderheiten in Europa aus der Perspektive eines Insiders dargestellt werden sowie tiefe Einblicke zur Lage der deutschen Minderheiten geboten werden.
Bilingual geprägte Kommunikationsstrukturen auf der Grundlage fränkischbasierter ungarndeutscher Mundarten der Gegenwart
Authors: Földes Csaba
Published: April 2021

Die vorliegende evidenzbasierte Studie stellt auf Basis eines Forschungs- und Dokumentationsprojekts aktuelle ungarndeutsche Kontaktvarietäten fränkischer Provenienz aus Südungarn vor und erschließt charakteristische Prozesse, Muster und Resultate intensiven deutsch-ungarischen Kontakt- bzw. Interaktionsgeschehens. Es werden u. a. spezifische Zwischenformen und Verbindungen aus den verfügbaren Kodes der Sprecher aufgedeckt: Mittels der Beschreibung zahlreicher overter und coverter Transferenzprozesse, Kode-Umschaltungen, bilingualer Dopplungen etc. konnte das Profil einer gleichsam „postfränkischen“ Dialektausprägung, also einer spezifischen sprachlich-kommunikativen „Grenzgänger-Varietät“, herausgearbeitet werden. Es wurde klar, dass bei den ermittelten Kontaktphänomenen prototypisch drei Klassen eine Rolle spielen: (a) interlinguale Transfers/Übernahmen, (b) zwischensprachliche Kopien und (c) Sprachalternierungen. Die ersten beiden Manifestationsarten fasst der Aufsatz unter Hybridität zusammen, während Typ (c) als Synkretismus betrachtet wird. Dabei wurde auch deutlich, dass sich in der kommunikativen Welt von Ungarndeutschen zunehmend Erosionserscheinungen zeigen: Die Wortfluency lässt nach und eine langsame Restrukturierung des Systems setzt ein, die augenscheinlich in den semantischen und morphologischen Domänen anfängt. Dies führt sukzessiv zu einer Abnahme der Funktionsvitalität ungarndeutscher Dialektvarietäten.
Microbial contamination of Naira notes circulating in Bauchi metropolis: prevalence, microbial load and detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Usman M. , Sani J. , Ibrahim A. , Olowo-okere A.
Published: April 2021

Background: Globally, contamination of banknotes with various microbial species is increasingly being reported. This usually results from improper handling during exchange of goods and services. In the present study, we aimed to determine the microbial load, prevalence and the presence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) among bacteria isolated from the Nigerian Naira notes circulating in Bauchi metropolis.Methodology: A total of 400 Naira notes of various denominations were randomly collected aseptically, cultured and total viable counts determined. The isolated microbial species were identified using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates and detection of ESBL were determined by Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method and Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST), respectively.Results: All the 400 samples collected were contaminated with various microbial species. The highest mean colony count was detected in 20 Naira notes (28.5%), while the least was observed in 1000 Naira note (3.3%). Fourteen different microbial species were isolated from the contaminated currency notes, predominantly Escherichia coli (25.0%), and Staphylococcus aureus (12.0%). Some fungal species mainly Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were also isolated. Majority of the bacteria isolates resistant to the third generation cephalosporins (72.1%) were ESBL positive.Conclusion: The study shows that Naira notes circulating in Bauchi metropolis were heavily contaminated with various microbial species, and a high proportion of the isolated Gram-negative bacteria were ESBL producers. Efforts should thus be made to improve hygiene practices in the study area. Importantly, businesses should be encouraged to adopt the use of electronic transactions.

Keywords: Currency notes, Naira, Microbial contamination, ESBL
Neglect of common infectious disease outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic: an impending crisis in Nigeria?
Authors: Soyemi T.
Published: April 2021

Infectious diseases are major challenges of healthcare system in Nigeria. The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID19) pandemic has disrupted many systems including healthcare at all levels by creating disparities in the treatment, prevention, resource allocation and control of diseases in Nigeria. Premised on the foundation of circulating news and fact-checking platforms, this paper provides empirical evidence on varying perceptions on COVID-19 pandemic and apparent neglect of other infectious diseases while giving a critical analysis andcomparison between them.

Keywords: COVID-19; infectious diseases; neglect; Nigeria

 

French title: Négliger les flambées de maladies infectieuses courantes pendantla pandémie COVID-19: une crise imminente au Nigeria?

Les maladies infectieuses sont des défis majeurs du système de santé au Nigeria. La pandémie de coronavirus19 (COVID-19) a perturbé de nombreux systèmes, y compris les soins de santé à tous les niveaux, en créant des disparités dans le traitement, la prévention, l'allocation des ressources et le contrôle des maladies au Nigéria. Fondé sur la diffusion d'informations et de plates-formes de vérification des faits, cet article fournit des preuves empiriques sur les différentes perceptions de la pandémie de COVID-19 et la négligence apparente d'autres maladies infectieuses tout en fournissant une analyse critique et une comparaison entre elles.

Mots clés: COVID-19; maladies infectieuses; négligence; Nigeria
Parasitic contamination of some fruits and vegetables from major markets in Ede Town, Osun State, south-west Nigeria
Authors: Okunlola L.T.
Published: April 2021

This study determined the prevalence of parasites on some common fruits and vegetables from major markets in Ede Town, Osun State, Nigeria. A total of two hundred and forty six (246) samples of fruits and vegetables were examined by sedimentation technique after washing using normal saline. The overall parasite prevalence was 37.4%. The highest rate of parasitic contamination (46.7%) was recorded in pineapples (Anana comosus) while oranges (Citrus sinensis) were the least contaminated (16.7%). For vegetables, African spinach (Spinacea oleracea) was the most contaminated (77.8%) while the least contaminated (2.2%) was celosia leaf (Celosia argentea). Ascaris lumbricoides was the most (21.7%) frequent parasitic contaminants on fruits and vegetables followed by Balantidium coli (19.6%) and then Hookworm (13.0%). Entamoeba histolytica and Strongyloides stercoralis had the same percentage of occurrence(12.0%) while Fasciolopsis buski (2.2%) was the least parasite found. The highest number of parasites was found in Timi Market with 46.2% fruits and 66.7% vegetables contaminated. Since eating raw fruits and vegetables is a potential source of transmission of intestinal parasites in the study area, it is important that consumers are educated on the need to always ensure proper washing of their fruits and vegetables.

Keywords: Fruits; vegetables; parasitic contamination; Ascaris lumbricoides; Ede Markets
Adaption strategy of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor on tetracycline stress during tetracycline antibiotic wastewater treatment
Authors: Zhang Jinfeng , Chen Guanyi , Zhang Qin , Luo Yi , Wu Chunsong , Qin Songyan
Published: April 2021

Tetracycline antibiotic wastewater with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration and containing bio-refractory compounds was investigated in a lab-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and anoxic-oxic (A/O) reactor. Specific methanogenic activity (SMA) was determined to reveal the inhibition levels of methane production and volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation. The results showed that microorganisms can adapt to tetracycline or oxytetracycline when the concentration of antibiotics is less than 400 mg/L. Acetic acid, propanoic acid, and n-butyric acid accounted for more than 90% of VFA with increasing antibiotic concentration from 50 mg/L to 600 mg/L. During the 215 d of operation, the concentration of tetracycline antibiotic increased from 0 to 95 mg/L, and the COD concentration from 3,500 to 6,500 mg/L. The average COD and tetracycline antibiotic removal rates of the reactors were maintained above 90%. The methane production of the UASB reactor achieved 0.32 L/g COD. VFA accumulation was observed when tetracycline antibiotic concentration increased to 47.5 mg/L. The sludge granule diameter increased from 0–300 μm to 300–1,500 μm during the operation. Rod-shaped and coccus-shaped organisms with pores and internal channels on the granule surface were observed using scanning electron microscopy. In the internal space, methanogenic filamentous bacteria constitute a rock-steady structure.
ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN INCONSISTENCIES IN THE FIELD ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND RATIONAL USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Authors:   Bel Research Center “Ecology”, Dokurno Galina S. , Khotko Elena V. ,   Bel Research Center “Ecology”
Published: April 2021

Environmental auditing is one of the ways to reduce the negative impact on our environment. The publication describes the procedure for conducting an environmental audit. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of the main resources, analyzed over the long-term practice of environmental audits, by the employees of the department of environmental certification and audit of RUE “Bel NIC” Ecology “.
THE FIRST INVESTIGATONS OF CYANOTOXINS PRESENCE IN WATERBODIES AND WATERCOURCES OF BELARUS
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Mikheyeva Tamara M.
Published: April 2021

The estimation of species composition, abundance and biomass of cyanobacteria in “bloom” as well as the search for toxic species has been undertaken for the first time in 20 water bodies and water courses of Belarus mainly used for public recreation. There were identified 50 representatives of cyanobacteria assigned to 18 genera, among them three species were marked for the first time for the Belarus: Snowella atomus Komárek et Hindák., Anabaenopsis arnoldii Aptekar, Anabaenopsis kelifii Kog. By combining molecular-biological and analytical methods and by using genetic markers when studying toxic «water blooms» the search of genes responsible for synthesis of hepatotoxic microcystin, nodularin, cylindrospermosin and neurotoxic saxitoxin was undertaken. It has been shown that in all the investigated lakes and rivers there were cyanobacterium relating to Anabaena and Microcystis genera that can synthesize highly toxic microcystins – LR, RR, YR. Saxitoxin synthesis genes and close to it variants of paralytic toxins such as goniatoksins 5, 6, dekarbamoilgoniatoksin 2, dekarbamoilsaksitoksin and neosaksitoksin were found in 7 waterbodies.
EFFECTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE ON EMPLOYEE SERVICE QUALITY IN FOREIGN TOBACCO COMPANY OF BANGLADESH
Authors:   Bahria University, Karachi., Khan Rafique Ahmed
Published: April 2021

Purpose: This paper aims to show the effects of organizational climate, including perceived organizational support and supervisory support on employees’ service quality in the context of Foreign Tobacco Company of Bangladesh. Methodology/Sampling: A total of 175 questionnaires were distributed among the respondents using non-probability, convenience sampling technique. Out of these, only 120 questionnaires were found suitable for data treatment. The data was treated with the help of software SPSS 20, applying correlation and linear regression analysis tools for testing the hypotheses. Findings: The study established that there was a positive relationship of employee service quality with independent variables i.e. perceived organizational support, supervisory support and organizational climate. It also explained the extent to which the employees perceived their service quality in context of organizational climate and also the support they got from the firm. The study also identified some important areas that need further improvement in the service quality of employees. Practical Implications: Findings of the study clearly indicate that in order to get better service from the employees, Foreign Tobacco Company needs to be more considerate by focusing on employees’ problems, needs and accordingly provide them adequate support to mitigate their problems. The results also indicate that service quality of the employees is highly influenced by the organizational climate, supervisory support and organizational support. The managers at various tiers may seek help from the findings and render maximum possible support to the employees to enhance their commitment and loyalty.