bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging the gap in neuropathic pain treatment: The potential role of astaxanthin
Authors:   Department of Neurology, Duta Wacana Christian University School of Medicine, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Pinzon Rizaldy Taslim ,   Bethesda Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Tjung Angela ,   Department of Neurology, Duta Wacana Christian University School of Medicine, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: December 2021

Neuropathic pain is a challenging condition to treat. It is heterogeneous in nature and could be resistant to treatment with commonly prescribed analgesics. Current management strategies fail to achieve adequate or satisfactory pain relief in a high proportion of patients. The previous review mentioned that only less than 50% of patients can achieve good pain control with standard treatment. The available treatment only focuses in the symptom control, and does not interfere with the progressing damage of the nerve. Astaxanthin is a very potent anti-oxidant. In this review, we discuss about the potential use of astaxanthin for the add-on treatment of painful neuropathy.
Risk factors of cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV patients: A systematic review
Authors:   Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Dwinata I Made , Widyadharma I Putu Eka ,   Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia, Dewi Putri Rossyana ,   Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia, Tedyanto Eric Hartono ,   Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Cerebral toxoplasmosis is one of the diseases of the central nervous system that can occur in people with AIDS. Cerebral toxoplasmosis occupies third place among fatal diseases that can occur in people with AIDS. Prevalence of toxoplasmosis is about 25-30% of the world’s human population, and in Asia it is as high as 40%. Risk factors for developing cerebral toxoplasmosis is needed to be sought to to find out risk factors that triggers and acts as protective factors for toxoplasmosis cerebral in HIV-positive patients Methods. Two reviewers searched PubMed and Medline to identify cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies. Two independent reviewers searched the databases, identified studies and extracted data. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied for the data screening. Results. Four studies were included. Two prospective cohort studies, one multicenter cohort study and one case control study. Age was not found to have a role as a risk factor. Gender was shown to have significant in one study (Male vs female OR 0.47 95% CI 0.25-0.88, p = 0.02). CD4 <100 increased the risk of toxoplasmosis by 27.94 times, while CD4 0-50 increased the risk by 10.82 times. HIV viral load > 100.000 was associated with 5.10 times higher to develop cerebral toxoplasma. Prophylaxis therapy using cotrimoxazole can reduce the risk of cerebral toxoplasmosis. Conclusion. Age, female sex, low CD4 cell count, and high HIV viral load increase the risk of cerebral toxoplasmosis, whereas ART therapy and prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole can reduce the risk.
Pitfalls for diagnosis of burning mouth-like syndrome
Authors:   Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Pîrvu Raluca Ema , Părlătescu Ioanina ,   Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Țovaru Șerban ,   Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Dugan Cosmin ,   Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Perlea Paula ,   Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: December 2021

This research gives a scientific framework for burning mouth syndrome(BMS) etiology and diagnostic approach in clinical dental and medical practice. BMS-like symptoms can be induced by systemic diseases such as diabetes, gastrointestinal, endocrine disorders, allergy etc. or by local oral cavity conditions as candidiasis or geographic tongue or odontogenic causes. Because the etiology of BMS is multifactorial, treatment can only be distinctive, and is aimed at relieving symptoms. The complexity of BMS symptoms and associated psychosocial infirmities, anxiety and depression raise the need for a multidisciplinary and individualised approach.
Correlations between temporary teeth and functional treatment in mixed dentition – case presentation
Authors:   Disciplina Pedodonție, Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie „Iuliu Haţieganu“, Cluj-Napoca, România, Muntean Alexandrina , Sava Sorina ,   Disciplina de Materiale Dentare, Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie „Iuliu Haţieganu“, Cluj-Napoca, România, Păcurar Mariana ,   Disciplina de Ortodonție, Universitatea de Medicină, Farmacie, Științe și Tehnologie „G.E. Palade“, Tg. Mureș, România, Delean Ada Gabriela ,   Disciplina de Ododntoterapie, Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie „Iuliu Haţieganu“, Cluj-Napoca, România
Published: December 2021

Objectives. Orthodontic treatment intends to create a harmony between dental, muscular and osseous components. The purpose of this case presentation was to emphasize consequences of early loss of temporary teeth on dental-maxillary complex development. Material and methods. 10 years old patient with dental movements following the early extraction of temporary teeth. The patient has habitual oral breathing associated with lower lip interposition. Results. The functional treatment with twin-block appliance was chosen, taking into account the age-specific growth potential. Discussions. Premature extraction of temporary teeth engenders lee-way-space loss, significant shortening and transverse constriction of the dental arch, elements aggravated by dysfunctions and parafunctions. Conclusion. The early extractions performed during the growth period, through the associated dental migrations, determine growth changes with consequences on the functionality of the dento-maxillary apparatus.
PENGARUH RESTRUKTURISASI HUTANG, REPUTASI KAP, LIKUIDITAS DAN OPINION SHOPPING TERHADAP GOING CONCERN
Authors: Azizah Aprillia Nur
Published: December 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk menganalisis dampak dari restrukturisasi hutang, reputasi KAP, likuiditas, dan opinion shopping pada opini audit going concern perusahaan transportasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Sumber sampel penelitian ini dikumpulkan dari Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dengan mengunjungi website www.idx.co.id. Seluruh perusahaan transportasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2015-2019 menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini. Jumlah perusahaan transportasi yang dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 15 perusahaan dengan menggunakan laporan tahunan selama 5 tahun terakhir. Berdasarkan metode purposive sampling maka jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 150 sampel. Teknik regresi logistik digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data sampel diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS 25 dimana hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel restrukturisasi hutang dan opinion shopping berdampak pada opini audit going concern. Sedangkan variabel reputasi dan likuiditas KAP tidak berdampak pada opini audit going concern. Dalam sektor transportasi ini, aset tetap perusahaan lebih besar dari jumlah total aset lancar yang dimilikinya. Oleh karena itu, sebagian besar kontrak yang ditandatangani oleh perusahaan lebih bersifat jangka panjang daripada jangka pendek. Sehingga likuiditas tidak berpengaruh dan restrukturisasi hutang secara keseluruhan berpengaruh pada pemberian opini audit going concern
How to Draw a Correlation Function
Authors:   St.-Petersburg Department of Steklov Institute of Mathematics, Russia, Bogoliubov Nikolay , Malyshev Cyril ,   St.-Petersburg Department of Steklov Institute of Mathematics, Russia
Published: December 2021

We discuss connection between the XX0 Heisenberg spin chain and some aspects of enumerative combinatorics. The representation of the Bethe wave functions via the Schur functions allows to apply the theory of symmetric functions to the calculation of the correlation functions. We provide a combinatorial derivation of the dynamical auto-correlation functions and visualise them in terms of nests of self-avoiding lattice paths. Asymptotics of the auto-correlation functions are obtained in the double scaling limit provided that the evolution parameter is large.
SITUATION OF EUROPEAN AIRLINES CAUSED BY COVID-19: RESTRICTIONS, GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Authors: Cifuentes-Faura Javier , Faura-Martínez Ursula
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has been an unprecedented crisis, severely affecting the economy and many sectors, including the airline industry. This paper reviews this situation to see how airlines have acted since the beginning of COVID-19. The airline industry is dependent on financial support and subsidies to cope with the massive drop in air travel due to the coronavirus. The support received by the major airlines has been examined. In addition, a comparison has been made of all the aviation restrictions that have been implemented by different European governments. Travellers from countries with a higher incidence of cases, or with a growing rate of cases, have the most restrictions on travel to other countries. Furthermore, the strategies and protocols being implemented by certain airlines following the lifting of some of the restrictions on passenger air traffic are analysed. This paper will provide an insight into how airlines are coping with this unfavourable environment, as well as some of the future prospects and strategies of the aviation sector.
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE AND FUTURE RESEARCH
Authors: Yepes Víctor , López Salvador
Published: December 2021

Knowledge management in the construction industry has become an element of transition between traditional processes and the current needs demanded by technological change. This research reviews the updated scientific contributions of knowledge management in construction, as well as its influence. The results come from a bibliometric study, elaborating a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the current state. The research method was divided into the following stages: preliminary approach to the bibliography, establishment of search strategies, selection and classification of articles, quantitative analysis and discussion of relevant articles. Three main factors were identified: use and exploitation of knowledge, knowledge transfer, and information technologies; five complementary facets were also identified: culture, innovation, quality, knowledge generation and human factors. The results reaffirm the importance of the use and exploitation of knowledge, in addition to increasing attention to the transfer and technology of information. However, the generation of knowledge has declined because the sector still does not report the results of applying knowledge, and this underlines the need for the future study of strategies to transform tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge.
Final Targeting Strategy for the SDSS-IV APOGEE-2S Survey
Authors: Santana Felipe A. , Beaton Rachael L. , Covey Kevin R. , O’Connell Julia E. , Longa-Peña Penélope , Cohen Roger , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Hayes Christian R. , Zasowski Gail , Sobeck Jennifer S. , Majewski Steven R. , Chojnowski S. D. , De Lee Nathan , Oelkers Ryan J. , Stringfellow Guy S. , Almeida Andrés , Anguiano Borja , Donor John , Frinchaboy Peter M. , Hasselquist Sten , Johnson Jennifer A. , Kollmeier Juna A. , Nidever David L. , Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Rojas-Arriagada Alvaro , Schultheis Mathias , Shetrone Matthew , Simon Joshua D. , Aerts Conny , Borissova Jura , Drout Maria R. , Geisler Doug , Law C. Y. , Medina Nicolas , Minniti Dante , Monachesi Antonela , Muñoz Ricardo R. , Poleski Radosław , Roman-Lopes Alexandre , Schlaufman Kevin C. , Stutz Amelia M. , Teske Johanna , Tkachenko Andrew , Van Saders Jennifer L. , Weinberger Alycia J. , Zoccali Manuela
Published: December 2021

APOGEE is a high-resolution (R ∼ 22,000), near-infrared, multi-epoch, spectroscopic survey of the Milky Way. The second generation of the APOGEE project, APOGEE-2, includes an expansion of the survey to the Southern Hemisphere called APOGEE-2S. This expansion enabled APOGEE to perform a fully panoramic mapping of all of the main regions of the Milky Way; in particular, by operating in the H band, APOGEE is uniquely able to probe the dust-hidden inner regions of the Milky Way that are best accessed from the Southern Hemisphere. In this paper we present the targeting strategy of APOGEE-2S, with special attention to documenting modifications to the original, previously published plan. The motivation for these changes is explained as well as an assessment of their effectiveness in achieving their intended scientific objective. In anticipation of this being the last paper detailing APOGEE targeting, we present an accounting of all such information complete through the end of the APOGEE-2S project; this includes several main survey programs dedicated to exploration of major stellar populations and regions of the Milky Way, as well as a full list of programs contributing to the APOGEE database through allocations of observing time by the Chilean National Time Allocation Committee and the Carnegie Institution for Science. This work was presented along with a companion article, Beaton et al. (2021), presenting the final target selection strategy adopted for APOGEE-2 in the Northern Hemisphere.
A Hot Mars-sized Exoplanet Transiting an M Dwarf
Authors: Cañas Caleb I. , Mahadevan Suvrath , Cochran William D. , Bender Chad F. , Feigelson Eric D. , Harman C. E. , Kopparapu Ravi Kumar , Caceres Gabriel A. , Diddams Scott A. , Endl Michael , Ford Eric B. , Halverson Samuel , Hearty Fred , Jones Sinclaire , Kanodia Shubham , Lin Andrea S. J. , Metcalf Andrew J. , Monson Andrew , Ninan Joe P. , Ramsey Lawrence W. , Robertson Paul , Roy Arpita , Schwab Christian , Stefánsson Guđmundur
Published: December 2021

We validate the planetary nature of an ultra-short-period planet orbiting the M dwarf KOI-4777. We use a combination of space-based photometry from Kepler, high-precision, near-infrared Doppler spectroscopy from the Habitable-zone Planet Finder, and adaptive optics imaging to characterize this system. KOI-4777.01 is a Mars-sized exoplanet (R

p
= 0.51 ± 0.03R
⊕) orbiting the host star every 0.412 days (∼9.9 hr). This is the smallest validated ultra-short period planet known and we see no evidence for additional massive companions using our HPF RVs. We constrain the upper 3σ mass to M

p
< 0.34 M
⊕ by assuming the planet is less dense than iron. Obtaining a mass measurement for KOI-4777.01 is beyond current instrumental capabilities.
Bayesian Estimation of the D(p,γ)3He Thermonuclear Reaction Rate
Authors: Moscoso Joseph , de Souza Rafael S. , Coc Alain , Iliadis Christian
Published: December 2021

Big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) is the standard model theory for the production of light nuclides during the early stages of the universe, taking place about 20 minutes after the big bang. Deuterium production, in particular, is highly sensitive to the primordial baryon density and the number of neutrino species, and its abundance serves as a sensitive test for the conditions in the early universe. The comparison of observed deuterium abundances with predicted ones requires reliable knowledge of the relevant thermonuclear reaction rates and their corresponding uncertainties. Recent observations reported the primordial deuterium abundance with percent accuracy, but some theoretical predictions based on BBN are in tension with the measured values because of uncertainties in the cross section of the deuterium-burning reactions. In this work, we analyze the S-factor of the D(p,γ)3He reaction using a hierarchical Bayesian model. We take into account the results of 11 experiments, spanning the period of 1955–2021, more than any other study. We also present results for two different fitting functions, a two-parameter function based on microscopic nuclear theory and a four-parameter polynomial. Our recommended reaction rates have a 2.2% uncertainty at 0.8 GK, which is the temperature most important for deuterium BBN. Differences between our rates and previous results are discussed.
26Aluminum from Massive Binary Stars. II. Rotating Single Stars Up to Core Collapse and Their Impact on the Early Solar System
Authors: Brinkman Hannah E. , den Hartogh J. W. , Doherty C. L. , Pignatari M. , Lugaro M.
Published: December 2021

Radioactive nuclei were present in the early solar system (ESS), as inferred from analysis of meteorites. Many are produced in massive stars, either during their lives or their final explosions. In the first paper of this series (Brinkman et al. 2019), we focused on the production of 26Al in massive binaries. Here, we focus on the production of another two short-lived radioactive nuclei, 36Cl and 41Ca, and the comparison to the ESS data. We used the MESA stellar evolution code with an extended nuclear network and computed massive (10–80 M
⊙), rotating (with initial velocities of 150 and 300 km s−1) and nonrotating single stars at solar metallicity (Z = 0.014) up to the onset of core collapse. We present the wind yields for the radioactive isotopes 26Al, 36Cl, and 41Ca, and the stable isotopes 19F and 22Ne. In relation to the stable isotopes, we find that only the most massive models, ≥60 and ≥40 M
⊙ give positive 19F and 22Ne yields, respectively, depending on the initial rotation rate. In relation to the radioactive isotopes, we find that the ESS abundances of 26Al and 41Ca can be matched with by models with initial masses ≥40 M
⊙, while 36Cl is matched only by our most massive models, ≥60 M
⊙. 60Fe is not significantly produced by any wind model, as required by the observations. Therefore, massive star winds are a favored candidate for the origin of the very short-lived 26Al, 36Cl, and 41Ca in the ESS.
Wave-driven Mass Loss of Stripped Envelope Massive Stars: Progenitor-dependence, Mass Ejection, and Supernovae
Authors: Leung Shing-Chi , Wu Samantha , Fuller Jim
Published: December 2021

The discovery of rapidly rising and fading supernovae powered by circumstellar interaction has suggested the pre-supernova mass eruption phase as a critical phenomenon in massive star evolution. It is important to understand the mass and radial extent of the circumstellar medium (CSM) from theoretically predicted mass ejection mechanisms. In this work, we study the wave heating process in massive hydrogen-poor stars, running a suite of stellar models in order to predict the wave energy and pre-explosion timescale of surface energy deposition. We survey stellar models with main-sequence progenitor masses from 20–70 M
⊙ and metallicity from 0.002–0.02. Most of these models predict that less than ∼1047 erg is deposited in the envelope, with the majority of the energy deposited in the last week of stellar evolution. This translates to CSM masses less than ∼10−2
M
⊙ that extend to less than ∼1014 cm, too small to greatly impact the light curves or spectra of the subsequent supernovae, except perhaps during the shock breakout phase. However, a few models predict somewhat higher wave energy fluxes, for which we perform hydrodynamical simulations of the mass ejection process. Radiative transfer simulations of the subsequent supernovae predict a bright but brief shock-cooling phase that could be detected in some Type Ib/c supernovae if they are discovered within a couple days of explosion.
Current Nuclear Strategies and Arsenals of the United States of America and the Russian Federation
Authors: Potočňák Adam
Published: December 2021

The article holistically analyses current strategies for the use and development of nuclear forces of the USA and Russia and analytically reflects their mutual doctrinal interactions. It deals with the conditions under which the U.S. and Russia may opt for using their nuclear weapons and reflects also related issues of modernization and development of their actual nuclear forces. The author argues that both superpowers did not manage to abandon the Cold War logic or avoid erroneous, distorted or exaggerated assumptions about the intentions of the other side. The text concludes with a summary of possible changes and adaptations of the American nuclear strategy under the Biden administration as part of the assumed strategy update expected for 2022.
Elderly Psychological Conditions in the Nursing Home Tresna Werdha (Pstw): A Study Descriptive Riau and West Sumatra Indonesia
Authors: Susanti Nurvi , Saam Zulfan , Nofrizal Nofrizal , Tamal Zahtamal , Hasrianto Nofri
Published: December 2021

The aspects of emotion, memory, motivation and independence are psychological conditions that are often experienced by the elderly who live in nursing homes. experienced by the elderly who are in the nursing home environment. This study aims to describe the psychological condition of the elderly in the Husnul Khotimah Pekanbaru social home for 35 elderly and 45 elderly Sabai Nan Aluih Pariaman nursing home. This research is a descriptive survey. The research subjects were 80 elderly who were taken with the total sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaire sheets and descriptive analysis, this study shows that the psychological condition of the elderly which includes emotional aspects of the nursing home in the second category of the Husnul Khotimah nursing home is (69%) and the Sabai Nan Aluih nursing home is 73%.(80%) in the Husnul Khotimah nursing home and 69% in the good category in the Sabai Nan Aluih nursing home. Motivational aspectat both nursing homes is in the moderate category (51%) The independence aspect is in the good category (80%) in the Husnul Khotimah nursing home while the sufficient category is 67% in the Sabai Nan Aluih nursing home. Broadly speaking, the aspects of emotion, memory, motivation are good categories, category motivation is sufficient and the category independence is good at the Husnul Khotimah nursing home and sufficient at the Sabai Nan Aluih nursing home.
Descriptive Analysis of Chest Computed Tomography Scan in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: Correlation with Reverse Transcription-polymerase Chain Reaction and Clinical Features
Authors: Muljadi Rusli , Yuniarti Mira , Tan Ricardo , Pratama Teodorus Alfons , Prasetya Ignatius Bima , Widysanto Allen , Octavius Gilbert Sterling
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the primary diagnostic tool to confirm coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) due to its high specificity. However, it has relatively low sensitivity and time consuming. In contrast, chest computed tomography (CT) has high sensitivity and achieves quick results. It may, therefore, play a critical role in screening and diagnosing COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was done in 212 patients with confirmed cases and patients under surveillance for COVID-19 tested for RT-PCR and chest CT scan. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 23 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

AIM: We aim to investigate the diagnostic value of chest CT in correlation to RT-PCR in Indonesia.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done in 212 patients with confirmed cases and patients under surveillance for COVID-19 tested for RT-PCR and chest CT scan. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 23 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

RESULTS: From a total of 212 patients, 92% of them were diagnosed as confirmed cases of COVID-19. It was found that the sensitivity of CT scan for COVID-19 patients was 72.3% (65.5% and 78.5%) with positive predictive value (PPV) of 93.9% (90.9% and 96.0%) and the sensitivity and PPV improve in symptomatic patients. Typical chest CT scan lesions were 8.0 times which were more likely (3.9–16.4; p <0.001) to be detected in symptomatic patients while patients with severe CT scan findings were 4.4 times more likely (3.0–6.5; p <0.001) to be admitted to the intensive care unit.

CONCLUSION: A high PPV suggests that a chest CT scan can detect COVID-19 lesions, but the absence of the lesions would not exclude the disease’s presence.
Determination of Climate and Social Community Factors in Coronavirus Disease-19 Spread Distribution
Authors: Faradiba Faradiba , Zet Lodewik
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is very shocking to the world. Until mid-2020, this virus has not yet found a vaccine that can be produced and can be applied en mass across the country. The spread of COVID-19 differs between regions which implie that regional characteristics have an influence on the rate of growth. Regional and social climate factors are thought to have a role in the growth rate of COVID-19.

AIM: This study aims to find the role of climate and social society on the spread of COVID-19.

METHODS: This research uses OLS regression analysis method, and then continued with Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector analysis to find the segmentation of the role of climate and social factors on the daily growth rate of COVID-19 in positive and deceased patients.

RESULTS: The results of this study state that all independent variables of the study have a significant effect on the spread of COVID-19, with R-squared values in positive and deceased patients, respectively 61.1% and 70.0%. Strategic steps are needed to carry out policies that are targeted, effective and efficient.

CONCLUSION: The results of this study can be a reference for the government in determining policies to reduce the growth rate of COVID-19, by focusing on areas that have poor sanitary environment and area are on Java Island.
Philosophy, Law, and Ethics of Handling COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Wardiono Kelik , Dimyati Khudzaifah , Nugroho Sigit Sapto , Nugroho Heru , Acob Joel Rey , Budiono Arief
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: During the pandemic, COVID-19 spread very quickly between people. Thus, the patients’ rights to obtain treatment do not have to decrease the protection of the public. The perspectives of ethics, law, and justice prioritize the rights of the public as stated in the principle “Salus Populi Suprema Lex Esto” (Public safety is the highest law as regulated in the law). METHODS: This research employs the statute approach with comprehensive, all-inclusive, and systematic manners to the ratio legis of the Health Law. It also uses the philosophy approach. RESULTS: In Indonesia, the regulatory handling of the COVID-19 pandemic is based on the Law on Infectious Disease Outbreak. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the quick spread of this disease causes many fatalities. Thus, individual rights of patients must be ruled out to prioritize public rights. CONCLUSION: The legal perspective upholds the “Salus Populi Suprema Lex Esto” principle, namely, public safety is the highest law was the core of philosophy, law and ethics handling covid 19 pandemic.
The Effectiveness of Training on Auscultation of Heart with a Simulator of Cardiology in Medical Students
Authors: Koshmaganbetova Gulbakit , Kurmangalieva Saulesh , Bazargaliyev Yerlan , Zhexenova Azhar , Urekeshov Baktybergen , Azhmuratova Madina
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the training module with a simulator of cardiology improves auscultation skills in medical students.
Methods. Medical students of the third year after completing the module of the cardiovascular system of the discipline “Propaedeutics of internal diseases, passed a two-hour or four-hour training module in clinical auscultation with retesting immediately after the intervention and in the fourth year. The control group consisted of fourth-year medical students who had no intervention.
Results. The diagnostic accuracy in two-hour training was 45.9% vs 35.3% in four-hour training p <.001. The use of a cardio simulator significantly increased the accurate detection of mitral regurgitation immediately after training on a simulator (more than 73%) p <.001. The next academic year, regression was observed in the diagnostic accuracy of mitral insufficiency in the intervention group after six months of observation by 4%. The auscultation skills of students at the bedside of real patients did not increase after training on a simulator: the accuracy of diagnosis of the auscultatory picture of the defect was equally low in the intervention group and the control group (35.0% vs 30.8%, p = 0.651).
Conclusions. Two-hour training was more effective than four-hour training. After training on cardiac auscultation using a patient’s cardiological simulator, the accuracy rate was low in a situation close to the clinical conditions and a clinic on a real patient.
Evaluation of Disaster Simulation: Learning Process, Satisfaction, and Self-Confidence among Nursing Students
Authors: Emaliyawati Etika , Ibrahim Kusman , Trisyani Yanny , Mirwanti Ristina , Dewi Sri Utami , Murni Tri Wahyu
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: An inappropriate learning process can affect student satisfaction and self-confidence. Satisfaction and self-confidence are important components in the success of the disaster simulation learning process.

AIM: This study aims to determine the relationship between the disaster simulation learning process with student satisfaction and student confidence.

METHODS: It was a descriptive correlational study. A total of 144 respondents were obtained by response rate of 95.4%. This study used a disaster simulation evaluation instrument. The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test with significance level of 95%.

RESULTS: The study showed that there was a significant relationship between the disaster simulation learning process and student satisfaction (r = 0.827; p < 0.000) and self-confidence (r = 0.815; p < 0.000).

CONCLUSION: The learning process that is applied should use learning strategies that can increase student activity in conducting disaster simulations so that nursing students can feel satisfied and confident about learning disaster simulations and become volunteers.
Spiritual Needs and Their Correlation with Characteristics of People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Witdiawati Witdiawati , Ibrahim Kusman , Juniarti Neti , Nugraha Bambang Aditya , Ayuningsih Risna , Afriandi Irvan
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Spirituality is an essential factor for HIV/AIDS patients. Spirituality helps a person to achieve balance, improves health, well-being, and adapt to illness. There are several factors related to the spiritual needs of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). One of them is the characteristic of PLWHA.

AIM: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between spiritual needs with characteristic PLWHA.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study design that included 103 PLWHA was conducted from July 2020 to August 2020 in HIV Service Clinic, Garut Regency, Indonesia. We used Spiritual Needs Questionnaire 2.1 (SpNQ 2.1) to collect the data. Chi-square was used for variable analysis.

RESULTS: The dimension of religious needs has the highest score mean = 13.51, SD = 5.434, and existence needs have the lowest score with mean = 10.49, SD = 4.752 compared to other dimensions. The Chi-square test results showed that there was a significant relationship between gender (p = 0.012) and length of diagnosis (p = 0.019) on the spiritual needs of PLWHA.

CONCLUSION: Spiritual needs have a significant relationship with the characteristics of PLWHA. All dimensions of spiritual needs become essential for people with HIV/AIDS.
Legal Protection of Vaccine Administration Health Service to Prevent the Spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Indonesia
Authors: Budiono Arief , Iriani Dewi , Safira Martha Eri , Roihanah Rif'ah , Noor Muhamad , Khasanah Neneng Uswatun , Ridwan Ridwan
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: The increase of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infections leads countries to implement preventive steps such as wearing masks, social distancing, and vaccine administration. Indonesia started administering mass vaccination in January 2021 using the Sinovac vaccine, but there are still problems such as the emergence of side effects.
AIM: This research aims to explain the legal protection of COVID-19 vaccine administration and its obstacles.
METHODS: This is a normative legal study that uses library research. It uses the statute approach.
RESULTS: The research results show that the legal protection of COVID-19 vaccine administration includes Law No. 36 of 2009 on Health and Presidential Decree No. 99 of 2020 on Vaccine Procurement and Administration to Overcome the COVID-19 Pandemic. Then, the obstacles in the vaccine administration include the limited stock of vaccines and supporting health equipment such as hazmat suits and injection needles.
CONCLUSION: Thus, the government of Indonesia should implement the Health Protocols during this pandemic, as stipulated in the Decree of the Republic of Indonesia’s Ministry of Health No. Hk.01.07/Menkes/382/2020.
Systematic Review: A Comparison between Vancomycin and Daptomycin for Sepsis Infection Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: Febrinasari Ratih Puspita , Benedictus Benedictus , Azmiardi Akhmad
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a dangerous condition that threatens life because of immune system dysregulation caused by an infection resulting in organ failure. One of the most common resistant strain bacteria that can cause sepsis is Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Vancomycin is the first-line therapy for treating sepsis infection caused by MRSA, but recently there have been some MRSA strains that are resistant to vancomycin therapy.

AIM: This study aimed to review comparison between vancomycin and daptomycin for sepsis infection antibiotics therapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was a systematic review using three databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect. The journal articles included in this study were about randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies published from 2011 to 2020.

RESULTS: This research included seven RCT studies, but none of them discuss the usage of daptomycin for sepsis treatment caused by MRSA. They discuss more the effect of dose, method of administration, and side effects of vancomycin therapy in relation to the outcome of the patient.

CONCLUSIONS: Because of the lack of RCT articles that conducted experiments of daptomycin usage for sepsis treatment caused by MRSA infection, this research could not compare the effectiveness between vancomycin and daptomycin. However, from some case reports included in this research, there was evidence that the usage of daptomycin base after vancomycin treatment failure will cause another treatment failure.
Effectivity of Health Education with Telenursing on the Self-care Ability of Coronary Artery Disease Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Leutualy Vanny , Trisyany Yanny , Nurlaeci Nurlaeci
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease (CAD) develops chronically and progressively, causes recurrence and premature death, so a good knowledge of changes in self-care behavior by patients is needed. Telenursing can be a medium for health education to allow patients to receive information and for nurses to follow up on health conditions without being obstructed by distance, place, time, and carried out sustainably. So far, telenursing has not been reviewed as a recent intervention to deliver education to CAD patients. AIM: This systematic review aimed to determine the effectiveness of health education interventions with telenursing on the self-care of CAD patients based on the implementation media. METHODS: Systematic reviews were conducted based on items found in CINAHL EBSCO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar from 2008 to 2019. The combination of keywords used Indonesian and English language. All articles were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for randomized controlled trial (RCT) and quasi-experiment. After that, the study found was synthesized narratively. RESULTS: A total of 11.319 titles were identified, and seven studies met inclusion criteria with 3313 participants. Six studies were RCT studies, and one was a quasi-experimental study. The results of the narrative synthesis conducted on seven articles showed that health education by telenursing was effective in improving self-care ability, such as maintaining blood pressure, body mass index, hemoglobin A1c levels, fasting blood glucose, and low-density lipoprotein within normal limits. In addition, there was also an increase in physical activity, dietary compliance (consumption of fruits, vegetables and fish), control of salt intake, smoking, and alcohol cessation. The media used were phone calls and text messages. CONCLUSION: This review provides evidence that health education interventions effectively improve the self-care abilities of CAD patients with the media used are text messages and telephone calls.
Systematic reinstatement of highly sacred Ficus krishnae based on differences in morphology and DNA barcoding from Ficus benghalensis (Moraceae)
Authors: Mahima Karthikeyan , Umapathy Senthilkumar , Sudhakar Jana Venkata , Sathishkumar Ramalingam
Published: December 2021

Ficus krishnae is considered as native to India and is well-known for the peculiarity in nature of its cup-shaped leaves where both the vernacular name (Krishna Fig) and specific epithet were derived. The taxonomic status of Ficus krishnae is still unclear and currently treated as a subspecies or variety under Ficus benghalensis. In the present study, morphological characters and molecular analysis were employed to address their species delimitation. The spacer markers ITS2 and trnH-psbA were used for constructing phylogenetic trees along with morphometric analysis. Ficus krishnae distinctly differs from Ficus benghalensis by having cup-forming leaves and the nature of the aerial roots, stipules, petioles, ostiolar bracts of the receptacle, DNA content, chromosome differences and nodal anatomy. The results showed that the highest divergence is observed in trnH-psbA (20.8 ± 12.2), followed by ITS2 (5.7 ± 3.2). The phylogenetic tree construction using Bayesian analysis showed a divergent boundary between the two species suggesting that F. krishnae could be an independent species, not a variety of F. benghalensis. The present study’s findings support the view that these two floras can be treated as different species.
On the identity of Thymus humifusus var. aureopunctatus (Lamiaceae) and taxonomic notes on the Th. richardii complex
Authors: Sáez Llorenç , Bogunić Faruk , Cambria Salvatore , Riera Jesús , Bogdanović Sandro
Published: December 2021

The name Thymus humifusus var. aureopunctatus, described from Bosnia and Herzegovina, is lectotypified, and its taxonomic value is discussed. Thymus richardii subsp. richardii is currently considered an endemic subspecies common to Mallorca (Balearic Islands) and Bosnia and Herzegovina from the Balkan Peninsula. Specimens identified as Th. richardii from both Balearic Islands and Bosnia and Herzegovina were studied to determine if they are indeed the same taxonomic entity. Detailed micromorphological observations and morphometric analysis, suggest that the Balkan plants (Th. humifusus var. aureopunctatus) and the Majorcan populations (Th. richardii subsp. richardii) are clearly separate entities. For the former name, based on morphological, phytochemical, biogeographical and present results, we propose the subspecific rank, as Th. richardii subsp. aureopunctatuscomb. & stat. nov. Full descriptions of all five subspecies currently accepted within Th. richardii are provided.
Phelypaea boissieri f. lutea (Orobanchaceae), a peculiar new form from Turkey and typification of the name of this species
Authors: Subaşı Ümit , Sánchez Pedraja Óscar , Piwowarczyk Renata
Published: December 2021

The genus Phelypaea includes three holoparasite species with one of the most intense red flowers among all plants worldwide. So far, there are few references to other colour taxa of this genus. We describe a new yellow-coloured form, Phelypaea boissieri f. lutea, from Hakkari province in the Cilo Mountains of SE Turkey, found at an altitude of 2,470 m. In typical P. boissieri, here typified by us, the flowers are deeply red, and stems, calyx and scales are red to brown, or rarely pale-brown, whereas in the entire population of f. lutea the corolla, calyx, and scales are yellow to orange with black folds in the corolla, while only the stem is brownish.
The re-description of Synoecnema hirsutum Timm, 1959 (Synoecneminae, Ungellidae, Drilonematoidea) from a pheretimoid earthworm in Vietnam with the analysis of its phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Ivanova Elena S. , Efeykin Boris D. , Spiridonov Sergei E.
Published: December 2021

Synoecnema hirsutum Timm, 1959 (Ungellidae, Drilonematoidea), found in the body cavity of the pheretimoid earthworm at the border of Laos and Vietnam, was re-described and illustrated. The mitochondrial genome of S. hirsutum obtained with Illumina HiSeq sequencing is the first annotated mitochondrial genome as a representative of the superfamily Drilonematoidea. The phylogeny inferred from the analysis of 12 mitochondrial genes has shown some similarity of S. hirsutum with a cephalobid Acrobeloides varius.
Metformin and its therapeutic applications in autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease
Authors: Kim Ji-Won , Choe Jung-Yoon , Park Sung-Hwan
Published: December 2021

Metformin is a first-line therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes. Apart from its glucose- lowering effect, metformin is attracting interest regarding possible therapeutic benefits in various other conditions. As metformin regulates cell metabolism, proliferation, growth, and autophagy, it may also modulate immune cell functions. Given that metformin acts on multiple intracellular signaling pathways, including adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and that AMPK and its downstream intracellular signaling control the activation and differentiation of T and B cells and inflammatory responses, metformin may exert immunomodulatory and anti- inflammatory effects. The efficacy of metformin has been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies on rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome, scleroderma, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms through which metformin exerts its therapeutic effects in these diseases, focusing particularly on rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Advocating for Nurses and Nursing
Authors: Tomajan Karen
Published: December 2021

Every nurse has the opportunity to make a positive impact on the profession through day-to-day advocacy for nurses and the nursing profession. In this article the author defines advocacy; describes advocacy skills every nurse can employ to advocate for a safe and healthy work environment; and explains how nurses can advocate for nursing as part of their daily activity whether they are point-of-care nurses, nurse managers, or nurse educators. The advocacy practices discussed are applicable whether advocating on one’s own behalf, for colleagues at the unit level, or for issues at the organizational or system level.
Primary Care Nursing Role and Care Coordination: An Observational Study of Nursing Work in a Community Health Center
Authors: Anderson Daren , St. Hilaire Daniel , Flinter Margaret
Published: December 2021

Care coordination is a core element of the Patient-Centered Medical Home and requires an effective, well educated nursing staff. A greater understanding of roles and tasks currently being carried out by nurses in primary care is needed to help practices determine how best to implement care coordination and transform into PCMHs. We conducted an observational study of primary care nursing in a Community Health Center by creating a classification schema for nursing responsibilities, directly observing and tracking nurses' work, and categorizing their activities. Ten nurses in eight different practice sites were observed for a total of 61 hours. The vast majority of nursing time was spent in vaccine and medication administration; telephone work; and charting and paper work, while only 15% of their time was spent in activity that was classified broadly as care coordination. Care coordination work appeared to be subsumed by other daily tasks, many of which could have been accomplished by other, lesser trained members of the health care team. Practices looking to implement care coordination need a detailed look at work flow, task assignments, and a critical assessment of staffing, adhering to the principal of each team member working to the highest level of his or her education and license. Care coordination represents a distinct responsibility that requires dedicated nursing time, separate from the day to day tasks in a busy practice. To fully support these new functions, reimbursement models are needed that support such non visit-based work and provide incentives to coordinate and manage complex cases, achieve improved clinical outcomes and enhance efficiency of the health system. This article describes our study methods, data collection, and analysis, results, and discussion about reorganizing nursing roles to promote care coordination.
Quand le père est oublié
Authors: Darchis Élisabeth
Published: December 2021

La prise en charge des souffrances paternelles à l’arrivée de l’enfant est un type de soin assez récent. Pendant longtemps le père a été oublié, voire écarté en périnatalité. Puis il a été sollicité dans sa place de tiers comme un parent aidant auprès de la dyade mère-bébé. Mais s’il était bousculé et souffrant, s’il devenait violent ou s’il décompensait, on ne l’accompagnait plus dans sa paternité. Aujourd’hui le cheminement des équipes et les changements dans la prise en charge périnatale accompagnent le groupe-famille en son entier autour de l’arrivée du bébé, prenant en compte la paternité dans la construction du berceau psychique familial.
Le sujet atteint de handicap, la thérapie familiale psychanalytique et l’institution
Authors: Dintrat Marie-Christine , Faverie Muriel , Galliano-Dersigny Caroline , Garcia-Lomas Marta , Vignes Isabelle
Published: December 2021

Gabriel est handicapé par des dysfonctionnements neurologiques du fait desquels son corps ne répond à aucun de ses ordres. Le comportement de ses parents à son égard inquiète les professionnels. La famille commence une thérapie, mais il faut attendre un simulacre de mise à mort agi pour que s’ouvre la voie de la reconnaissance de l’enfant comme membre de son groupe familial. La manière très singulière dont se créé le cadre de la prise en charge illustre le rôle fondamental de la construction du cadre dans le processus thérapeutique ainsi que le rôle de la résonance fantasmatique entre des espaces emboîtés ou concomitants de la thérapie, celui de l’institution et celui de la formation notamment. Le travail clinique ouvre enfin sur une réflexion concernant les résonances fantasmatiques entre le handicap et l’exil.
AUKUS : les implications pour l’Asie, les relations transatlantiques, la non-prolifération
Authors: Tertrais Bruno
Published: December 2021

L’annonce de l’alliance AUKUS a été une surprise stratégique pour la France avec un impact direct sur les relations entre notre pays et les signataires de ce nouveau partenariat. Celui-ci suscite désormais de nombreuses interrogations, y compris sur sa concrétisation capacitaire.
Du fondement de la spécificité militaire
Authors: Gonin François
Published: December 2021

Évoquer le combat comme le cœur du métier est trop simpliste pour rendre compte de la spécificité militaire. Plus que le combat, la finalité est d’abord la victoire, celle-ci le construisant en vue d’établir une paix durable, crédible et légitime.