bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of physical exercise on primary school teachers’ professional ethics: the mediating role of self-control
Authors: Kequn Chu , Xiuqing Yang , Tinghui Zhang
Published: January 2025

Background

Physical exercise has been shown to positively impact psychological and behavioral outcomes, yet its influence on professional ethics in educators remains underexplored. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this relationship is essential for developing interventions to promote ethical behavior in educational contexts.

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the relationship between physical exercise and professional ethics among elementary school teachers, with a specific focus on the mediating role of self-control.

Methods

A sample of 380 elementary school teachers was recruited from Guangxi and Shandong provinces in China. Data on physical exercise, self-control, and professional ethics were collected using validated scales. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the direct and indirect effects of physical exercise on professional ethics.

Results

The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between physical exercise, self-control, and professional ethics. Self-control was found to partially mediate the relationship, with physical exercise having both a direct positive effect (β = 0.25, p < 0.01) and a stronger indirect effect (β = 0.50, p < 0.001) on professional ethics through self-control. The indirect effect accounted for 57.3% of the total effect.

Conclusion

This study highlights the dual-pathway mechanism through which physical exercise enhances professional ethics, directly and indirectly via self-control. Practical implications include promoting physical activity and self-regulatory training as strategies to foster ethical behavior in educators. These findings provide a foundation for future research and interventions in educational settings.
Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on the depressive outcomes in people with mild cognitive impairment: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Yaxin Chen , Lijiao Yan , Zhao Chen , Ziteng Hu , Fuqiang Zhang , Zhenhong Liu , Luda Feng , Yixiang Li , Xiangwei Dai , Qianzi Che , Huizhen Li , Haili Zhang , Ning Liang , Nannan Shi
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aimed to summarize and assess the certainty of evidence of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) on the depressive outcomes in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on published systematic reviews (SRs).

Method

Databases including PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang and VIP database were searched from their inception to June 6, 2023. The methodological quality of the SRs was evaluated using the AMSTAR2 tool, and the quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework.

Results

Twelve eligible SRs were included. Three SRs focused on cognitive interventions (general, computer-based, cognitive stimulation/rehabilitation), six reviews on physical activity (Tai Chi, exercise therapy, dance), three on psychosocial interventions including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) and type not specified, one on music therapy, and one on health education; moreover, there were two SRs on multimodal NPIs. One Cochrane SR was rated as moderate quality, while the others were rated as low quality according to AMSTAR2. The overlap between primary studies of included SRs (a total of 51 studies) was 1.8%, indicating slight overlap. General cognitive interventions (SMD=-0.25, 95% CI [−0.46, −0.04], GRADE: moderate) and computer-based cognitive interventions (narrative evidence) showed potential benefits in improving depression. Exercise therapy showed consistency between two SRs in benefiting depressive symptoms of MCI (SMD=-0.33, 95% CI [−0.56, −0.10], GRADE: Low; SMD=−0.37, 95% CI [-0.64, -0.10], GRADE: Low). Dance (SMD=−0.37, 95% CI [-1.11, 0.38], GRADE: Low), CBT (SMD=0.03,95% CI [-0.18, 0.24], GRADE: Moderate), MBI (SMD=0.29, 95% CI [0.00, 0.57], GRADE: Very Low) and health education (SMD=-0.12, 95% CI [−0.44, 0.20], GRADE: Low) did not show significant difference compared to control group in improving depressive symptoms, while the effectiveness of Tai Chi, music therapy and multimodal NPIs showed inconsistency across different studies.

Conclusion

Cognitive interventions (general or computer-based) and exercise therapy (a type of physical activity) show preliminary potential to improve depressive symptoms, while others do not show significant effects or relate to confused effects. Further methodologically rigorous and adequately powered primary studies are necessary for each of these NPIs, with reporting on the components of the interventions clearly in MCI patients.
Gaining stakeholder perspectives to shape a produce prescription program to improve maternal and birth outcomes: a qualitative study
Authors: Vilme Helene , Zhang Fang Fang , O’Tierney-Ginn Perrie , Sun Chenchen H. , Anyanwu Oyedolapo A. , Fahmi Rukhshan , Folta Sara C.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Nutrition during pregnancy significantly impacts maternal and birth outcomes. A key factor contributing to the rise in adverse maternal and birth outcomes is poor nutrition. Produce prescription programs have the potential to address pregnancy-related adverse outcomes such as hypertensive disorders and gestational diabetes, but scientific evidence is limited.

Purpose

To conduct qualitative interviews to gain an in-depth understanding of how, why, and in what context should produce prescriptions be implemented to best meet the needs of pregnant women in a clinical setting.

Methods

We conducted interviews with 11 patients with low incomes and/or experiencing food insecurity and 11 clinic staff from a major metropolitan OB/GYN clinic. Interview questions were designed to understand attitudes toward participating in or helping implement a produce prescription program. We analyzed the data using a deductive qualitative content analysis approach.

Results

Both patients and clinic staff perceived many benefits to this type of program, including easing financial strain, removing barriers to access, and addressing nutrition security during pregnancy. Both groups described a need to consider participants’ autonomy in the program design. Patients also perceived some drawbacks to the home delivery aspect, such as limited participation by patients due to unstable housing. Staff expressed some concerns about the staff time needed to implement this type of program.

Conclusion

There was strong support for produce prescription programs for this population; however, results indicate that they may best meet needs if patient autonomy and delivery-related barriers are considered in the design. Designating screening and enrollment tasks for ancillary staff may facilitate implementation in clinics.
The big five personality traits and eating habits among female students at Zayed University
Authors: AlBlooshi Sharifa , AlSabbah Kawther , Thani Shatha , Hijazi Rafiq , Al Dhaheri Ayesha S. , Zeb Falak , Cheikh Ismail Leila
Published: January 2025

Background

Adhering to healthy dietary habits is crucial for disease prevention and improving overall quality of life. Understanding how personality traits influence eating behaviors is essential for developing effective interventions aimed at promoting healthier eating habits. Personality traits are consistent behavioral patterns that individuals typically exhibit, and the Five-Factor Model (also known as the Big Five) is widely recognized as an effective framework for predicting personality traits.

Methods

This study analyzed the relationship between personality traits and eating behaviors among 425 female students using a cross-sectional design. Sociodemographic data and personality traits were assessed using an online questionnaire, while eating behaviors were evaluated with the validated Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). Key aspects of eating behavior studied included cognitive restraint, disinhibition, and emotional eating. The findings provide insights into how personality characteristics may influence eating habits, offering potential implications for interventions targeting healthier eating behaviors.

Results

The majority of participants scored highest on the personality trait of openness to experience. The study found that certain personality traits, particularly neuroticism and agreeableness, were linked to dietary habits. Specifically, personality traits were associated with emotional eating (p < 0.003), but not with cognitive restraint (p = 0.25) or disinhibition (p = 0.308). Participants with higher levels of agreeableness demonstrated significantly higher cognitive restraint (p = 0.041).

Conclusion

Personality traits can influence eating habits, particularly emotional eating. However, further research is needed to identify individuals at risk for diet-related diseases and to determine the most effective intervention strategies. This study is the first of its kind conducted in the United Arab Emirates, contributing valuable insights into the relationship between personality traits and eating behaviors.
Dynamics of urban green spaces in a megacity under the green economy framework and their influencing factors: a case study of Chongqing urban area
Authors: Ge Jing , Shi Yinghong
Published: January 2025

Introduction

In the context of escalating public health crises in megacities, promoting green and healthy urban spatial development is crucial. It not only contributes to economic growth and environmental sustainability but also significantly impacts the public health of urban residents.

Methods

This study utilized land use data from 2000 to 2021 in Chongqing, China, to investigate the characteristics and patterns of change in urban green space distribution. Spatial analysis methods were employed, and an econometric model was constructed to analyze the mechanisms of these changes, considering factors such as economic drivers, governmental regulation, and social dynamics.

Results

The results reveal that urban green spaces in the Chongqing metropolitan area are primarily concentrated in the inner suburbs with limited distribution in central urban areas, exhibiting a distinct spatial gradient. The overall size of urban green spaces has been decreasing, particularly in the inner suburbs. The primary patterns of this reduction include edge erosion in the inner suburbs, inward contraction in central urban areas, and minor perforation in new towns.

Discussion

The analysis indicates that economic drivers, such as industrial development and economic growth, are the dominant factors contributing to the reduction of urban green spaces. The impact of social dynamics, such as public demand, appears to be relatively insignificant. Conversely, government planning policies and public investments play a crucial role in the protection and development of urban green spaces. These findings emphasize the need for effective urban planning strategies that prioritize the conservation and expansion of green spaces to enhance public health and environmental sustainability in megacities.
An analysis of knowledge, attitudes, practice and influencing factors for tuberculosis prevention and control among Hainan University students
Authors: Xie Huifang , Wang Wencai , Chen Xuan , Huang Dan , Yu Qiuyue , Luo Liumei
Published: January 2025

Objective

To assess the current status of knowledge, attitude, and practice pertaining to tuberculosis prevention among college students in Hainan Province, China, and to identify influential factors. The findings of this study are intended to provide valuable insights for the development and implementation of effective health education programs aimed at tuberculosis prevention and control.

Methods

A convenient sampling method was employed to conduct a questionnaire-based survey among college students at a university in Hainan Province using the Wenjuanxing platform from January to February 2023. The survey evaluated students’ general information and their knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding tuberculosis prevention and control. The scores of correct knowledge, attitude, and practice were compared based on students’ demographic characteristics. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors of students’ knowledge, attitude, and practice related to tuberculosis prevention and control.

Results

A total of 280 questionnaires were distributed, of which 265 valid responses were collected, resulting in a valid response rate of 94.6%. The study found that medical students exhibited higher levels of correct knowledge, attitude, and practice compared to non-medical students (5.92 vs. 5.17, 3.17 vs. 2.57, 3.48 vs. 2.78, respectively). Moreover, students who had received tuberculosis education had higher correct scores compared to those who had not (5.92 vs. 5.31, 3.08 vs. 2.65, 3.31 vs. 2.93, respectively). Additionally, students in higher grades demonstrated higher scores in attitude. Three variables were found to influence students’ knowledge, attitude, and practice related to tuberculosis prevention and control, accounting for 33.4% of the explanatory power (F = 11.930; p < 0.001). Grade, major, and whether they had received tuberculosis education included.

Conclusion

The study revealed a generally poor level of awareness among college students regarding tuberculosis prevention and control knowledge and the importance of regular physical exercise. Grade, major, and whether students had received tuberculosis education were identified as influencing factors. These factors should be prioritized in university tuberculosis education programs. Moreover, the implementation of physical education in schools is crucial in promoting students’ health.
Associations of modifiable dementia risk factors with dementia and cognitive decline: evidence from three prospective cohorts
Authors: Wang Mengzhao , Fan Changming , Han Yanbai , Wang Yifei , Cai Hejia , Zhong Wanying , Yang Xin , Wang Zhenshan , Wang Hongli , Han Yiming
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to assess the relationship between modifiable dementia risk factors and both dementia and cognitive decline.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) [2008–2020], the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) [2011–2020], and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) [2010–2020]. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariable logistic regression was utilized to analyze the relationship between modifiable dementia risk factors and dementia, while multivariable linear regression was employed to examine the relationship between these risk factors and cognitive decline. Additionally, the Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the relationship between the number of risk factor events, clusters, and dementia risk.

Results

A total of 30,113 participants from HRS, CHARLS, and ELSA were included (44.6% male, mean age 66.04 years), with an average follow-up period of 7.29 years. A low education level was significantly associated with an increased risk of dementia and accelerated cognitive decline (Overall, OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 2.70–3.18; Overall, β = −0.25, 95% CI: −0.60 to-0.55). The presence of multiple dementia risk factors correlated with a higher dementia risk; Specifically, compared with more than 5 risk factor events, both having no dementia risk factors and having only one dementia risk factor were associated with a significantly lower risk of dementia (Overall, HR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.11–0.22, HR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.18–0.25). Compared to the group with no coexistence of risk factors, the clusters of excessive alcohol, diabetes, vision loss, and hearing loss (HR = 4.11; 95% CI = 3.42–4.95; p < 0.001); excessive alcohol, vision loss, smoking, and hearing loss (HR = 5.18; 95% CI = 4.30–6.23; p < 0.001); and excessive alcohol, obesity, diabetes, and smoking (HR = 5.96; 95% CI = 5.11–6.95; p < 0.001) were most strongly associated with dementia risk.

Conclusion

Among the 11 risk factors, educational attainment has the greatest impact on dementia risk and cognitive decline. A dose–response relationship exists between the number of modifiable risk factor events and dementia risk. The coexistence of multiple risk factors is associated with dementia risk, and these associations vary by risk factor cluster.
Analysis of engineered T7 bacteriophages containing genetic sequences encoding antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Ludwig Tobias , Volke Daniela , Krizsan Andor
Published: January 2025

Because of the global spread of multi- and pan-resistant bacteria, there is a need to identify, research, and develop new strategies to combat these pathogens. In a previous proof-of-concept study, we presented an innovative strategy by genetically modifying lytic T7 bacteriophages. We integrated DNA fragments encoding for derivatives of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) apidaecin into the phage genome to induce the production and release of apidaecin within the T7 infection cycle, thereby also targeting phage-resistant Escherichia coli bacteria. In this follow-up study, we optimized the apidaecin encoding insert to improve the expression of the apidaecin derivative Api805 by adding the secretion signal peptide of the OmpA protein. This prevented the detrimental effects of the peptide on the producing bacterial cell after its production. The integration of two copies of the OmpA-Api805 insert into the phage genome resulted in T7Select-2xOmpA-Api805 phages, which had a partially improved activity in inhibiting phage-resistant E. coli compared to the T7Select phages without insert and with only one copy of the OmpA-Api805 insert. Additionally, we showed that the combinatorial use of the lytic bacteriophage T7Select with the highly active and lytic AMPs CRAMP (cathelicidin-related AMP) and melittin against E. coli made the lysis process of the phage and the peptides more effective and prevented the growth of potentially AMP- and phage-resistant E. coli strains. The integration of DNA sequences derived from CRAMP and melittin into the phage genome resulted in the created T7Select-(M)CRAMP and T7Select-(M)melittin phages, which showed a lysis behavior like the phage without insert and partially inhibited the growth of potentially phage-resistant E. coli strains after the phage-mediated lysis.
Raising aluminum foil fists: how to speak about anger in transplant medicine
Authors: Frankel Alexandra Vieux , Stern Eva-Marie
Published: January 2025

Dominant narratives of solid-organ transplantation foreground vocabularies of gratitude. Solid-organ transplantation is often celebrated in biomedicine for its high-tech innovation and specialization. But transplantation also includes the organizations that oversee the distribution of donated organs to potential recipients who disproportionately outnumber available organs. Wait-listing for transplant weighs urgency and fitness for transplant against availability, as individuals must simultaneously demonstrate that their conditions are severe enough to warrant transplantation while also showing they are well enough to withstand the transplant procedure that is meant to return the individual from critical illness to able-bodied health. This article considers how promises of cure make affective demands on transplant recipients. Dominant transplantation narratives and metaphors frame transplantation as “rebirth” and the “gift of life.” But this framework constrains transplant recipients' affective and emotional repertoires, positioning gratitude as the primary—if not only—acceptable feeling for performing that the “gift of life” was deserved. Such narrowly sanctioned possibilities for expression elide the affective complexities of transplant recipients' experiences and foreclose opportunities for expressing anger and frustration. This paper unpacks the politics of verbalizing anger among solid-organ transplant recipients at an urban North American hospital. Using arts-based sensory ethnographic interviews with 27 participants, this paper draws on affect theory to understand how transplant recipients critique and protest curative imaginaries while also upholding them. Theorizations from Critical Disability Studies provide generative ways to question negative feelings and more fully understand recipients' experiences.
Effects of static stretching and walking during inter-set intervals of resistance training on muscle fatigue of the quadriceps
Authors: Takeuchi Kosuke , Inoue Hiroaki , Fujiwara Motoka , Shimizu Taiki , Nagai Chiharu , Mizuno Kosei , Nakamura Masatoshi
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Inter-set rest intervals are essential to reduce muscle fatigue and increase the total amount of volume of resistance training. Static stretching and walking may increase muscle blood flow and promote recovery during inter-set rest intervals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 20 seconds of static stretching and walking during inter-set rest intervals of leg extension exercises on the number of repetitions to exhaustion, total amount of volume, and flexibility of the quadriceps (joint range of motion and muscle hardness) in untrained healthy males.

Methods

Fourteen healthy, untrained men performed three different interventions (passive rest, static stretching, and walking) during inter-set rest intervals of a leg extension exercise with a 70% load of maximum muscle strength, in random order. The range of motion and muscle hardness of the quadriceps were measured before and immediately after all interventions using a goniometer and a portable muscle hardness meter. The number of repetitions to exhaustion and total amount of volume load (load × repetitions) of the leg extension exercise were assessed. Repeated two-way ANOVA and a Friedman test were used to analyze the variables.

Results

Range of motion and muscle hardness were increased after all interventions (both p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of repetitions to exhaustion (p = 0.651) or total amount of volume load (p = 0.206) between interventions.

Discussion

These results indicated that static stretching and walking during inter-set rest intervals did not influence the change in flexibility and muscle fatigue of the leg extension exercise.
Age-related biomechanical variations in vertical jumping and sprinting performance among basketball players
Authors: Petrovic Milos , Ramos Jorgelina , Hafsteinsson Thrainn , Gisladottir Thordis
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study aims to investigate age-related differences in physical performance metrics, specifically vertical jumping and sprinting capabilities, between young (average age 12.5) and senior (average age 23.2) male basketball players.

Methods

Performance metrics were assessed through standardised tests measuring jump height and sprint times, alongside force production during eccentric and concentric phases of jumping movement.

Results

Key findings show that senior players outperform younger athletes in both sprint times and jump heights, attributed to greater physical maturation and neuromuscular development. However, contraction times and phase durations were similar across both age groups, indicating that strength improvements do not affect fundamental movement timing.

Discussion

These results highlight the importance of age-specific training programs that focus on developing explosive power for younger players and optimising performance while minimising injury risk for seniors. The study provides valuable insights and recommendations for tailoring training strategies to athletes' developmental stages and suggests that further research is needed to explore effective interventions for enhancing physical performance across the lifespan.
A medium-throughput protease assay for screening green plant material
Authors: Stonoha-Arther Christina , Molodchenko Andrew , Panke-Buisse Kevin
Published: January 2025

Aboveground plant material is subject to stress-induced senescence after harvest. For flowers, vegetables and forages, this process can severely impact quality. Proteases, in particular, are responsible for post-harvest protein degradation and contribute to cellular breakdown. Alfalfa is a high-quality forage and a perennial source of protein for dairy cows. Its nutritional value and suitability for sustainable agricultural production are also driving interest in the possible use of alfalfa for human consumption, however, the issue of rapid protein degradation after harvest needs to be addressed before the protein can be extracted for human use on a large scale. We have optimized a cost-effective, medium-throughput, fluorescence intensity-based protease activity assay specifically for aboveground plant tissue that balances precision and throughput, the latter of which has been a barrier to further study. This method will allow higher-throughput phenotyping of plant protease activity than is currently feasible: one person can process approximately 120 samples per day, compared to approximately 25 with previous methods. We have used this method in alfalfa to assess protease activity during wilting at pH 7.4 and pH 6.3.
Incorporating circularity, sustainability, and systems thinking into an assessment framework for transformative food system innovation
Authors: Moores Alexander , Charalampopoulos Dimitris , Williams Adrian , Schmidt Rivera Ximena
Published: January 2025

The transition towards a circular economy in the food system is posited as way to harmonize the provision safe, ample and accessible food to a growing population with the reduction the food system’s widespread impact on natural resources, the environment, and human health. Within the context of circular food innovation, there is an abundance of assessment approaches allowing researchers to evaluate and guide new technologies, applications, and products. However, specialist circularity tools are underutilized. This research draws from wider circular economy discourse, sustainability assessment methods, and systems-transitions theory to propose a novel framework to appraise and guide circular food innovation. Through a systematic literature review and critical analysis, this work highlights the limitations of existing methods based on a multi-disciplinary lens. In lieu of robust circularity metrics, elaborations within the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology provide a comprehensive sustainability and circularity assessment, while cross-disciplinary approaches inform the development of technological trajectories in line with system-transitions theories. The proposed framework aims to bridge this gap by providing a holistic approach that incorporates systems perspectives and considers the wider dynamics of sustainability and circular economy via future scenario modelling. By integrating these perspectives, the framework facilitates earlier intervention and broader stakeholder engagement in the sustainability assessment process. Examined primarily within the context of food manufacturing, this work provides new tools for academic research and industrial practitioners, driving transformative change towards a more sustainable and circular food system.
Comparison of clinical efficacy of different internal fixation methods in older adult patients with osteoporotic fractures of proximal humerus
Authors: Wang Zongpu , Wang Tienan , Qin Song , Wang Jianchuan
Published: January 2025

Objective

To compare the efficacy of three treatment methods for older adult patients with osteoporotic proximal humerus fractures: proximal humerus locking plate (PHILOS) combined with calcium sulfate injection, PHILOS plate alone, and artificial hemi-shoulder joint replacement.

Methods

The clinical data of 48 older adult patients with osteoporotic proximal humerus fractures admitted to the Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Department of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated with Dalian University from February 2018–August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients comprised 18 males and 30 females, with a mean age of (68.6 ± 5.8) years. The 48 patients were divided into three groups based on their treatment methods: Group A: 16 patients treated with PHILOS plate combined with calcium sulfate injection. Group B: 16 patients treated with the PHILOS plate alone. Group C: 16 patients treated with artificial hemi-shoulder joint replacement. Key parameters such as operation time, blood loss, incision length, operation cost, and shoulder joint motion at the final follow-up were recorded and compared. Shoulder joint function was evaluated using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, University of California Shoulder Joint Score (UCLA), and Brief Shoulder Function Test (SST).

Results

There were no statistically significant differences in the preoperative general data between the three groups (P > 0.05), indicating comparability. There was no significant difference in operation time, blood loss, and incision length among Groups A, B, and C (P > 0.05). However, Group C had significantly higher operation costs compared to the other two groups (P < 0.05). At the final follow-up, there were no significant differences in shoulder flexion and rotation among the three groups (P > 0.05). However, a statistically significant difference in abduction was observed between Group A and Group C (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in ASES, VAS, UCLA, and SST scores among the three groups at the last follow-up (P > 0.05).Complications occurred in 1 patient (Group A), 3 patients (Group B), and 4 patients (Group C), showing a statistically significant difference among the groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

All three surgical methods are effective in treating older adult osteoporotic proximal humerus fractures, as they significantly alleviate pain and restore joint function. However, the use of a PHILOS plate combined with calcium sulfate injection (Group A) is particularly effective, demonstrating reliable clinical efficacy with fewer complications.
Clinical and radiological outcomes of lumbar endoscopic decompression for treating lumbar spinal stenosis and degenerative lumbar scoliosis: a retrospective study at mean 4.4 years follow-up
Authors: Fan Ning , Wang Aobo , Yuan Shuo , Du Peng , Wang Tianyi , Zang Lei
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To assess the clinical and radiological outcomes of lumbar endoscopic decompression for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) with concurrent degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS).

Methods

This study retrospectively reviewed 97 patients with LSS and DLS who underwent lumbar endoscopic decompression between 2016 and 2021. The average follow-up duration was 52.9 months. Another 97 LSS patients without DLS were selected as the control group. The pre- and postoperative visual analog score (VAS) and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) were recorded and analyzed to compare clinical outcomes. Radiological findings, such as coronal balance and intervertebral disc height, have also been reported.

Results

Both groups' mean VAS scores for back pain, leg pain, and ODI were significantly improved two weeks after surgery and at the final follow-up (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of surgical complications or patient satisfaction rates. However, patients in the DLS group reported more severe back pain at the final follow-up than those in the LSS group (p = 0.039). Radiological follow-up revealed no significant deterioration in coronal imbalance or loss of disc height in either group.

Conclusion

Lumbar endoscopic decompression can be a safe and effective surgical technique for treating LSS with DLS, particularly in elderly patients with poor general conditions.
Young TPI: empowering animal-free science among the next- generation of scientists
Authors: G. Valverde Marta , Abarkan Fatima Zohra , Van Eijden Rebecca , Menon Julia M. L. , Gaio Nikolas , Ramchandran Aarti , De Leeuw Victoria C.
Published: January 2025

Strategies emphasizing animal-free innovation are imperative for the contemporary and future scientific research. They not only address important ethical concerns, but also should directly improve research accuracy and reliability through redirecting scientific inquiry toward more reliable and translatable methodologies. Promotion and encouragement for use of animal-free innovations among the next-generation of scientists, alongside knowledge acquisition and training in the increased capabilities of novel technologies, are fundamental for advancing science and the welfare of animals used for scientific purposes. The Dutch government has promoted initiatives such as Transitie Proefdiervrije Innovatie (TPI) to make the public aware of the current situation. However, the transition towards animal-free innovations will span over more than two generations. In this context, Young TPI emerged as the-first-of-its-kind network comprising young professionals and students dedicated to revolutionizing scientific practices by catalyzing the shift towards animal-free research. Grounded on three pillars - collaboration, awareness-raising, and networking - Young TPI has evolved into a premier youth network in the Netherlands. Boasting over 270 members spanning Dutch 49 institutions, including biotechnology startups and pharmaceutical companies and universities, Young TPI harnesses the diverse expertise of its members to propel a sustainable, future-proof transition and to promote a continuous dialogue with a wide range of stakeholders. This manuscript describes the conception, establishment, and progress of Young TPI from its start to present, detailing its strategy for communication, activities, and funding mechanisms, and ongoing endeavors to enlist new members and forge strategic alliances in pursuit of its mission.
Comparison of bison and elk susceptibility to experimental challenge with Brucella abortus strain 2308
Authors: Olsen S. C. , Boggiatto P. M. , Putz E. J.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Brucellosis is endemic in bison and elk in Yellowstone National Park and surrounding areas.

Methods

A comparative study was conducted using data from naive (n = 82 and 67, respectively) and Brucella abortus strain RB51 (RB51) vaccinated (n-99 and 29, respectively) bison and elk experimentally challenged with virulent B. abortus strain during pregnancy.

Results

The incidence of abortion, fetal infection, uterine or mammary infection, or infection in maternal tissues after experimental challenge was greater (p < 0.05) in naïve and vaccinated bison when compared to similar groups in elk. Vaccinated bison had lower (p < 0.002) abortion rates and recovery of Brucella from fetal or uterine/mammary tissues when compared to naïve bison. Vaccinated elk had reduced (p < 0.01) rates of maternal infection, but rates of abortion and fetal or uterine/mammary infection did not differ (p > 0.05) from naïve elk. Naïve and vaccinated bison had greater (p < 0.05) Brucella colonization in placentomes, and parotid and supramammary lymphatic tissues when compared to elk. In elk or bison that aborted, mean colonization in placentome tissues were typically more than 5 logs higher than in animals that did not abort.

Discussion

The results of our study suggest differences in disease pathogenesis between these two wildlife reservoirs of B. abortus.
Effects of different vaccination regimes on the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis in goats and evaluation of defined antigens
Authors: Cuenca-Lara Patricia , Blay-Benach Miriam , Cervera Zoraida , Melgarejo Cristian , Moraleda Julia , Sevilla Iker A. , Garrido Joseba M. , Singh Mahavir , Jones Gareth J. , Pérez de Val Bernat
Published: January 2025

Tuberculosis (TB) in goats is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) organisms that pose a great health and economic challenge for the caprine industry in some European and developing countries. It is also a zoonotic disease posing a risk for public health. The control programs of the disease are based on a test-and-slaughter strategy, and vaccination is not feasible with available vaccines due to its interferences with the current TB immunodiagnosis. There is still a need for the development of an effective TB vaccine and, concurrently, diagnostic methods that allow differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA approach). In this study, we investigated the interferences caused by the tuberculin (PPD)-based TB diagnostic tests in goats immunized by different mucosal and parenteral vaccination strategies: three single-dose strategies based on intranasal administration of BCG and two heat-inactivated M. bovis (HIMB) vaccines, and two prime-boost strategies based on parenteral BCG or HIMB priming and intranasal HIMB boosting. In addition, the defined antigens ESAT-6, CPF10, and EspC were evaluated as alternative diagnostic reagents to PPDs. At week 14 after prime vaccination of the animals, skin tests, IFN-γ release assay, and antibody detection assays were performed. The two prime-boosted and the single-dose intranasal BCG groups displayed greater cell-mediated immune responses to PPDs than the two single-dose intranasal HIMB vaccines. However, the use of reagents based on the defined antigens eliminated or reduced the vaccine-induced diagnostic interferences in all groups. Based on these results, the use of defined antigens in the current immunodiagnostic tests appears to be suitable in a future goat TB vaccination scenario.
Trzecia Droga – skuteczna koalicja w wyborach parlamentarnych 2023 roku
Authors: Wojnicki Jacek
Published: January 2025

The analysis covers the issue of the participation of the coalition Polish People’s Party and the Poland 2050 group in the parliamentary election in October 2023. This article discusses both the genesis of the coalition and the main assumptions of the program, analyses the lists of candidates proposed by the Third Way (name of the coalition) and the voting results, both in the context of the first (Sejm) and second (Senat) parliamentary chambers. The presented analysis is typically political in nature. The aim of the article is to show the validity of the political strategy assuming the establishment of an electoral coalition by the two discussed parties – PSL and Polska 2050. Several research methods belonging to political sciences were used – historical and descriptive analysis, decisionmaking and comparative methods. They serve to present comprehensive scientific arguments and obtain answers to analytical questions.
Modus Operandi of the Erosion of the Rule of Law in Poland – Experience in 2015–2023
Authors: Mistygacz Michał
Published: January 2025

The author of this article attempts to diagnose the changes in Polish constitutional democracy taking place in 2015–2023, and at the same time tries to select and catalogue violations of systemic practice, leading to the erosion of the rule of law, ultimately resulting in the recognition of Polish constitutional democracy as a defective democracy in 2023 (according to the Global Democracy Index). It presents the circumstances and secretive behaviours of the ruling elite of this period, including changes in the area of the judiciary, including the constitutional judiciary, remodelling of the control of the correctness of the electoral process, changes and politicization of the electoral administration and the prosecutor’s office, politicization of an independent public broadcaster with the introduction of newspeak and brutalization of the public language, adoption of the facade role of the parliament, as well as violation of the standards of transparency and political corruption leading to the formation of constitutional decision making, detached from – it seemed – the well-established constitutional identity with its fundamental values defining it.
Instytucja prezydenta w Azji Centralnej na przykładzie Tadżykistanu
Authors: Kardaś Radosław Kiejstut , Wierzbicki Andrzej
Published: January 2025

The authors accept and positively verify the assumption of the functioning of a dominant presidency in Tajikistan, which depicts the historical and cultural conditions of Central Asia and positions the president as the undisputed creator of the state and leader of the nation. For this purpose, the authors present a historical outline of the establishment and development of the presidential institution in Tajikistan, formal mechanisms regulating its functioning and resulting from constitutional competences, as well as traditional tribal dependencies characteristic of the region, i.e. informal mechanisms for holding office.
András Sajó, Ruling by cheating. Governance in Illiberal Democracy
Authors: Tyszka Franciszek
Published: January 2025

The main focus of András Sajó’s book is the relation between constitutional and illiberal democracy and the origins of the latter’s popularity. The author describes the populist technique of “ruling by cheating” by showing – on the example of Poland and Hungary among others – how populists use liberal democratic concepts in order to underpin their legitimacy as well as to strengthen their power, build their own elites, take over autonomous institutions and discriminate against minorities. Another source of populism’s success is the crisis of Western democracy, reflected both in adopting populists’ policies or rhetoric, and in the decline of the idea of individual freedom in favor of increasing dependence on the state.
A Review of Cognitive Control: Advancement, Definition, Framework, and Prospect
Authors: Liu Zhenfei , Yin Xunhe
Published: January 2025

The operational environments of engineering systems are becoming increasingly complex and require automatic control systems to be more intelligent. Cognitive control extends the domain of intelligent control, whereby cognitive science theories are applied to guide the design of automatic control systems to make them conform to the human cognition paradigm and behave like a real person, hence improving physical systems performance. Cognitive control has been investigated in several fields, but a comprehensive review covering all these fields has yet to be provided in any paper. This paper first presents a review of cognitive control development and related works. Then, the relationship between cognitive control and cognitive science is analyzed, based on which the definition and framework of cognitive control are summarized from the perspective of automation and control. Cognitive control is then compared with similar concepts, such as cognitive radio and cognitive radar, and similar control methods, such as intelligent control, robust control, and adaptive control. Finally, the main issues, research directions, and development prospects are discussed. We expect that this paper will contribute to the development of cognitive control.
Identification of Co-Expression Modules of Cotton Plant Height-Related Genes Based on Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis
Authors: Huang Qian , Liu Li , Li Hang , Wang Xuwen , Si Aijun , He Liangrong , Yu Yu
Published: January 2025

Plant height (PH) is a vital agronomic trait that significantly affects cotton yield and facilitates mechanized harvesting. Gaining insights into the genetic regulatory mechanisms governing plant height is fundamental to advancing cotton breeding. In this study, cotton plants were treated with varying concentrations of mepiquat chloride, resulting in significant differences in plant height compared to the control group. Transcriptome data from 18 treated cotton stem tissue samples were analyzed using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), leading to the identification of 21 gene co-expression modules. Of these, eight modules exhibited positive correlations, while 13 modules showed negative correlations with plant height. A co-expression network comprising 20,409 valid genes was constructed and visualized using Cytoscape 3.9.1. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that these modules are associated with biologically significant pathways, including oxidoreductase activity, transcriptional regulator activity, catalytic activity, and phosphate hydrolase activity. Further analysis of gene connectivity within these modules identified 10 core genes (Gohir.D03G105600, Gohir.A03G060400, Gohir.A05G333400, Gohir.D09G243300, Gohir.D12G213500, Gohir.A04G065185, Gohir.A04G039105, Gohir.D08G127760, Gohir.A09G103348, and Gohir.A04G039120) and enabled the establishment of a gene interaction regulation network. Functional predictions suggest that these candidate genes may play key roles in the regulation of cotton plant height. This study offers theoretical insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cotton plant height and provides valuable references for breeding new cotton varieties with optimized plant heights.
Identification of the Highly Polymorphic Prion Protein Gene (PRNP) in Frogs (Rana dybowskii)
Authors: Han Chang-Su , Won Sae-Young , Park Sang-Hun , Kim Yong-Chan
Published: January 2025

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases that can be transmitted by infectious protein particles, PrPScs, encoded by the endogenous prion protein gene (PRNP). The origin of prion seeds is unclear, especially in non-human hosts, and this identification is pivotal to preventing the spread of prion diseases from host animals. Recently, an abnormally high amyloid propensity in prion proteins (PrPs) was found in a frog, of which the genetic variations in the PRNP gene have not been investigated. In this study, genetic polymorphisms in the PRNP gene were investigated in 194 Dybowski’s frogs using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and amplicon sequencing. We carried out in silico analyses to predict functional alterations according to non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using PolyPhen-2, PANTHER, SIFT, and MutPred2. We used ClustalW2 and MEGA X to compare frog PRNP and PrP sequences with those of prion-related animals. To evaluate the impact of the SNPs on protein aggregation propensity and 3D structure, we utilized AMYCO and ColabFold. We identified 34 novel genetic polymorphisms including 6 non-synonymous SNPs in the frog PRNP gene. The hydrogen bond length varied at codons 143 and 207 according to non-synonymous SNPs, even if the electrostatic potential was not changed. In silico analysis predicted S143N to increase the aggregation propensity, and W6L, C8Y, R211W, and L241F had damaging effects on frog PrPs. The PRNP and PrP sequences of frogs showed low homology with those of prion-related mammals. To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first to discover genetic polymorphisms in the PRNP gene in amphibians.
Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of an Exotic Strain of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Its Effect on an Affected Herd Immunized Against the Endemic Strain in Thailand
Authors: Stott Christopher James , Jermsutjarit Patumporn , Pornpanom Pornchai , Lin Hongyao , Tantituvanont Angkana , Nilubol Dachrit
Published: January 2025

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is caused by the PED virus, with genogroup 2 (G2), comprising G2a and G2b, being the primary contributors to outbreaks worldwide. In Thailand, G2a was the only virulent strain identified until the emergence of the first G2b strain in 2014, followed by additional G2b strains in 2015–2016, particularly those closely related to virulent strains from China. This led to increased awareness of more frequent and complex outbreaks. This study examined farms affected by G2a and G2b strains, both employing planned exposure of sows to intestines from G2a-affected piglets, a traditional practice in Thailand. The analysis focused on the milk and colostrum profiles of sows, including viral neutralization and ELISA methods, as well as histopathological assessments of piglet intestinal villi. Additionally, a novel G2b strain was sequenced for phylogenetic and protein structure analyses. The results revealed no significant differences in colostrum and milk profiles between the farms. However, piglets infected with G2b showed significantly more severe intestinal damage. A unique insertion in the protein structure of the novel G2b strain led to the identification of a new epitope and potential changes in viral properties. This study highlights the importance of monitoring emerging strains and provides valuable insights for enhancing preventive strategies and advancing phylogenetic research.