bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complexity of Problems of Commutative Grammars
Authors: Kopczynski Eryk
Published: May 2015

We consider commutative regular and context-free grammars, or, in other
words, Parikh images of regular and context-free languages. By using linear
algebra and a branching analog of the classic Euler theorem, we show that,
under an assumption that the terminal alphabet is fixed, the membership problem
for regular grammars (given v in binary and a regular commutative grammar G,
does G generate v?) is P, and that the equivalence problem for context free
grammars (do G_1 and G_2 generate the same language?) is in $\mathrm{\Pi_2^P}$.
Localization and computation in an approximation of eigenvalues
Authors: Djordjevic S.V. , Kantún-Montiel G.
Published: May 2015

In this note we consider the problem of localization and approximation of
eigenvalues of operators on infinite dimensional Banach and Hilbert spaces.
This problem has been studied for operators of finite rank but it is seldom
investigated in the infinite dimensional case. The eigenvalues of an operator
(between infinite dimensional vector spaces) can be positioned in different
parts of the spectrum of the operator, even it is not necessary to be
isolated points in the spectrum. Also, an isolated point in the spectrum is
not necessary an eigenvalue. One method that we can apply is using Weyl?s
theorem for an operator, which asserts that every point outside the Weyl
spectrum is an isolated eigenvalue.
Menger-type covering properties of topological spaces
Authors: Kocev Darko
Published: May 2015

In this paper we find conditions under which the properties of Menger, almost
Menger and weakly Menger are equivalent as well as the corresponding
properties of Lindel?f-type. We give counterexamples that show the
interrelations between those properties. The subject of our investigation is
also the preservation of almost Menger and weakly Menger properties under
subspaces and products. We also consider the weaker versions of Alster space
and D-spaces.
On the topology of fuzzy metric type spaces
Authors: Saadati Reza
Published: May 2015

In this paper, first we introduce the concept of fuzzy metric type space and
consider the topology induced by a fuzzy metric type. Next, we consider the
complete fuzzy metric type spaces and prove that any G? set in a complete
metric type space is a complete fuzzy metrizable type space.
An application of multicriteria group decision making by soft covering based rough sets
Authors: Yüksel Şaziye , Tozlu Naime , Dizman Tuğba
Published: May 2015

In this work we define soft covering based rough set and present its related
properties. Also we present an example in medicine which aims to find the
patients with high prostate cancer risk. Our datas are 56 patients from
Selcuk University Meram Medicine Faculty.
Quantification of acrylamide in foods selected by using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Delevic Veselin , Zejnilovic Refik , Jancic-Stojanovic Biljana , Djordjevic Brizita , Tokic Zorana , Zrnic-Ciric Milica , Stankovic Ivan
Published: May 2015

Acrylamide is toxic and probably carcinogenic compound, made as a result of
high-temperature thermal treatment of carbohydrate-rich foodstuffs. In this
article a method is improved for the extraction and quantitation of
acrylamide in foods produced based on corn flour that are represented in our
traditional diet. Acrylamide extraction was carried out using reduced volume
of saturated solution of bromine water and the GC - MS method for the
quantification was shown. Quantification of acrylamide was preceded by:
sample homogenization, acrylamide extraction using water, extract
purification using solid phase extraction, bromination, using a reduced
volume of bromine water solution, dehydrobromination with sodium thiosulfate
and transformation of dibromopropenamide in 2,3- 2- bromopropenamide using
triethylamine. Regression and correlation analysis were applied for the
probability level of 0.05. Calibration is performed in the concentration
range 5-80 ug/kg with a detection limit 6.86 mg / kg and the limits of
quantification 10.78 ug/kg and the coefficient of determination R2 > 0.999.
Calibration curve was obtained: y = 0,069x + 0,038. Recovery values were an
average from 97 to 110%. Proposed GC-MS method is simple, precise and
reliable for the determination of acrylamide in the samples of thermal
treated foods. Our results show that the tested foods quantify the presence
of acrylamide in concentrations of 18 to 77 mg/kg acrylamide depending on
whether the food was prepared by cooking or baking.
First record of spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Montenegro
Authors: Radonjic Sanja , Hrncic Snjezana
Published: May 2015

The spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera:
Drosophilidae) is an invasive pest originating from Southeast Asia. It was
detected for the first time in Europe in 2008 (Spain and Italy) and
subsequently in other European countries. It is a highly polyphagous pest
that infests healthy, ripening fruit and presents a serious threat to fruit
production, particularly of soft skinned fruit. In the first half of October
2013, a new fruit fly species was unexpectedly detected in Tephri traps
baited with the three-component female-biased attractant BioLure that is
regularly used for monitoring the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata
Wiedem. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Montenegro. Brief visual inspection
identified the new species as the spotted wing drosophila D. suzukii. The
pest was first recorded in several localities on the Montenegrin seacoast
around Boka Kotor Bay. After the finding, all Drosophila specimens were
collected from traps for further laboratory observation. A quick follow-up
monitoring of other Tephri traps was carried out within the next few days on
the rest of the seacoast (localities from Tivat to Ulcinj). Additionally,
Tephri traps were set up around Lake Skadar and in the city of Podgorica, as
well as on fresh fruit markets in Podgorica. The results of this preliminary
study showed that D. suzukii was present in all surveyed locations and adults
were captured until late December. Both sexes were found in traps with
BioLure. Our data show that D. suzukii is present in southern parts of
Montenegro and there is a serious threat of its further spreading,
particularly towards northern parts of the country where the main raspberry
and blueberry production is placed. The results also show that Tephri traps
baited with BioLure can be used for detection and monitoring of spotted wing
drosophila.
Perceiving Time-To-Contact under Locally Impoverished Optical Flow
Authors: Kim Nam-Gyoon
Published: May 2015

As an object approaches an observer, the visual angle subtended by any two texture elements on the object surface expands, as does the solid angle corresponding to the object's contour. The inverse of the relative rate of each of these types of expansion specifies the time-to-contact (TTC) between the object and the observer. The former is referred to as local taul (LT1), and the latter as local tau2 (LT2). For LT1 and LT2 to be available, the shape of the object must remain constant during its approach. The present study examined human observers' perceptual capacity to estimate TTC of an approaching object under severely perturbed or impoverished optic flow. In Experiment 1, non-spherical, textureless objects approached the observer while rotating about either one or two axes. In Experiment 2, textured objects were depicted by random dots that varied in density. When the object rotated, the surface dots were displaced or even disappeared. These manipulations severely compromised the optical patterns specifying LT1 and LT2. However, human observers were able to estimate TTC, although less reliably, under these severely compromised conditions.
Three dimensional numerical simulations for non-breaking solitary wave interacting with a group of slender vertical cylinders
Authors: Mo Weihua , Liu Philip L.-F.
Published: May 2015

In this paper we validate a numerical model for-structure interaction by comparing numerical results with laboratory data. The numerical model is based on the Navier-Stokes(N-S) equations for an incompressible fluid. The N-S equations are solved by two-step projection finite volume scheme and the free surface displacements are tracked by the slender vertical piles. Numerical results are compared with the laboratory data and very good agreement is observed for the time history of free surface displacement, fluid particle velocity and force. The agreement for dynamic pressure on the cylinder is less satisfactory, which is primarily caused by instrument errors.
Development of integrated marine monitoring network on southern coastline of Caspian sea
Authors: Najafi-Jilani A. , Nik-Khah A.
Published: May 2015

Monitoring of water surfaces through permanent measurement of hydrodynamic and meteorological data is one of the main requirements in safe and sustainable water management. The Caspian Sea, the major surface water body in Iran, significantly affects more than 600 km of urban and industrial coastline. In the present work, an integrated marine monitoring network for the entire southern coastline of the Caspian Sea was developed. The main design concerns centered on the network measuring components and data recording, checking, filtering, gap recognition, and transferring systems. Four coastal monitoring stations were assigned, along with two regional collecting stations and one central data station for gathering, checking and delivering recorded data at different access levels. Applicable guidelines on selection of measuring devices for both shallow and deep water zones are presented herein.
Evaluation of antileishmanial activity of plants used in Indian traditional medicine
Authors: Sidana Arushdeep , Farooq Umar
Published: May 2015

The present study was aimed at in vitro antileishmanial screening of ten plants used in the traditional medicine in India. MTT method was used to evaluate the cell death after application of 100, 250, 350 and 500 μg/mL of the methanolic extracts followed by incubation for 24 hours at 25°C. Methanolic leaf extracts of Acorus calamus, Alstonia scholaris and Berberis aristata showed significant antileishmanial activity at a concentration of 500 µg/ml. In order to identify the antileishmanial compounds present in the active extracts of the screened plants, an LC-MS analysis of the tested extracts was carried out. The active extracts revealed the presence of some natural products with known antileishmanial activity along with other compounds. The present study suggests that the active plant extracts may be processed to isolate the compounds that may further be screened for their antileishmanial potential.
Effect of Date Palm Cultivar, Particle Size, Panel Density and Hot Water Extraction on Particleboards Manufactured from Date Palm Fronds
Authors: Hegazy Said , Ahmed Khaled
Published: May 2015

The objective of this work was to evaluate some of the important physical and mechanical properties of particleboard panels manufactured from three different cultivars of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fronds, namely Saqui, Barhi and Sukkari. Experimental panels were manufactured from hot water extracted and non-extracted, and fine and coarse particles of the raw material under two target panel densities of 650 and 750 kg/m3. Bending properties and internal bond strength, along with dimensional stability in the form of thickness swelling, water absorption, and linear expansion of the samples was tested. Based on the findings of this work, panels manufactured from high density level and Saqie cultivar, as well as fine particles, had better performance for their mechanical properties. The effect of hot water-treatment had less robust mechanical and physical properties. It appears that date palm fronds are underutilized resources that have the potential to be used in the manufacture of value-added panel products.
Harvesting Effects on Species Composition and Distribution of Cover Attributes in Mixed Native Warm-Season Grass Stands
Authors: Temu Vitalis , Baldwin Brian , Reddy K. , Riffell Samuel
Published: May 2015

Managing grasslands for forage and ground-nesting bird habitat requires appropriate defoliation strategies. Subsequent early-summer species composition in mixed stands of native warm-season grasses (Indiangrass (IG, Sorghastrum nutans), big bluestem (BB, Andropogon gerardii) and little bluestem (LB, Schizachyrium scoparium)) responding to harvest intervals (treatments, 30, 40, 60, 90 or 120 d) and durations (years in production) was assessed. Over three years, phased May harvestings were initiated on sets of randomized plots, ≥90 cm apart, in five replications (blocks) to produce one-, two- and three-year-old stands. Two weeks after harvest, the frequencies of occurrence of plant species, litter and bare ground, diagonally across each plot (line intercept), were compared. Harvest intervals did not influence proportions of dominant plant species, occurrence of major plant types or litter, but increased that of bare ground patches. Harvest duration increased the occurrence of herbaceous forbs and bare ground patches, decreased that of tall-growing forbs and litter, but without affecting that of perennial grasses, following a year with more September rainfall. Data suggest that one- or two-year full-season forage harvesting may not compromise subsequent breeding habitat for bobwhites and other ground-nesting birds in similar stands. It may take longer than a year’s rest for similar stands to recover from such changes in species composition.
Students, Temporary Workers and Co-Op Workers: An Experimental Investigation on Social Preferences
Authors: Dragone Davide , Galeotti Fabio , Orsini Raimondello
Published: May 2015

We conduct an artefactual field experiment to compare the individual preferences and propensity to cooperate of three pools of subjects: Undergraduate students, temporary workers and permanent workers. We find that students are more selfish and contribute less than workers. Temporary and permanent contract workers have similar other-regarding preferences and display analogous contribution patterns in an anonymous Public Good Game.
Imaging of Small Animal Peripheral Artery Disease Models: Recent Advancements and Translational Potential
Authors: Lin Jenny , Phillips Evan , Riggins Ti'Air , Sangha Gurneet , Chakraborty Sreyashi , Lee Janice , Lycke Roy , Hernandez Clarissa , Soepriatna Arvin , Thorne Bradford , Yrineo Alexa , Goergen Craig
Published: May 2015

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a broad disorder encompassing multiple forms of arterial disease outside of the heart. As such, PAD development is a multifactorial process with a variety of manifestations. For example, aneurysms are pathological expansions of an artery that can lead to rupture, while ischemic atherosclerosis reduces blood flow, increasing the risk of claudication, poor wound healing, limb amputation, and stroke. Current PAD treatment is often ineffective or associated with serious risks, largely because these disorders are commonly undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Active areas of research are focused on detecting and characterizing deleterious arterial changes at early stages using non-invasive imaging strategies, such as ultrasound, as well as emerging technologies like photoacoustic imaging. Earlier disease detection and characterization could improve interventional strategies, leading to better prognosis in PAD patients. While rodents are being used to investigate PAD pathophysiology, imaging of these animal models has been underutilized. This review focuses on structural and molecular information and disease progression revealed by recent imaging efforts of aortic, cerebral, and peripheral vascular disease models in mice, rats, and rabbits. Effective translation to humans involves better understanding of underlying PAD pathophysiology to develop novel therapeutics and apply non-invasive imaging techniques in the clinic.
Influence of Regular Exercise on Body Fat and Eating Patterns of Patients with Intermittent Claudication
Authors: Leicht Anthony , Crowther Robert , Golledge Jonathan
Published: May 2015

This study examined the impact of regular supervised exercise on body fat, assessed via anthropometry, and eating patterns of peripheral arterial disease patients with intermittent claudication (IC). Body fat, eating patterns and walking ability were assessed in 11 healthy adults (Control) and age- and mass-matched IC patients undertaking usual care (n = 10; IC-Con) or supervised exercise (12-months; n = 10; IC-Ex). At entry, all groups exhibited similar body fat and eating patterns. Maximal walking ability was greatest for Control participants and similar for IC-Ex and IC-Con patients. Supervised exercise resulted in significantly greater improvements in maximal walking ability (IC-Ex 148%–170% vs. IC-Con 29%–52%) and smaller increases in body fat (IC-Ex −2.1%–1.4% vs. IC-Con 8.4%–10%). IC-Con patients exhibited significantly greater increases in body fat compared with Control at follow-up (8.4%–10% vs. −0.6%–1.4%). Eating patterns were similar for all groups at follow-up. The current study demonstrated that regular, supervised exercise significantly improved maximal walking ability and minimised increase in body fat amongst IC patients without changes in eating patterns. The study supports the use of supervised exercise to minimize cardiovascular risk amongst IC patients. Further studies are needed to examine the additional value of other lifestyle interventions such as diet modification.
Comparative Analysis of Anther Transcriptome Profiles of Two Different Rice Male Sterile Lines Genotypes under Cold Stress
Authors: Bai Bin , Wu Jun , Sheng Wen-Tao , Zhou Bo , Zhou Li-Jie , Zhuang Wen , Yao Dong-Ping , Deng Qi-Yun
Published: May 2015

Rice is highly sensitive to cold stress during reproductive developmental stages, and little is known about the mechanisms of cold responses in rice anther. Using the HiSeq™ 2000 sequencing platform, the anther transcriptome of photo thermo sensitive genic male sterile lines (PTGMS) rice Y58S and P64S (Pei’ai64S) were analyzed at the fertility sensitive stage under cold stress. Approximately 243 million clean reads were obtained from four libraries and aligned against the oryza indica genome and 1497 and 5652 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in P64S and Y58S, respectively. Both gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were conducted for these DEGs. Functional classification of DEGs was also carried out. The DEGs common to both genotypes were mainly involved in signal transduction, metabolism, transport, and transcriptional regulation. Most of the DEGs were unique for each comparison group. We observed that there were more differentially expressed MYB (Myeloblastosis) and zinc finger family transcription factors and signal transduction components such as calmodulin/calcium dependent protein kinases in the Y58S comparison group. It was also found that ribosome-related DEGs may play key roles in cold stress signal transduction. These results presented here would be particularly useful for further studies on investigating the molecular mechanisms of rice responses to cold stress.
Identification and Expression Analysis of Candidate Genes Associated with Defense Responses to Phytophthora capsici in Pepper Line “PI 201234”
Authors: Wang Pingyong , Liu Xiaodan , Guo Jinju , Liu Chen , Fu Nan , Shen Huolin
Published: May 2015

Phytophthora capsici (Leonian), classified as an oomycete, seriously threatens the production of pepper (Capsicum annuum). Current understanding of the defense responses in pepper to P. capsici is limited. In this study, RNA-sequencing analysis was utilized to identify differentially expressed genes in the resistant line “PI 201234”, with 1220 differentially expressed genes detected. Of those genes, 480 were up-regulated and 740 were down-regulated, with 211 candidate genes found to be involved in defense responses based on the gene annotations. Furthermore, the expression patterns of 12 candidate genes were further validated via quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). These genes were found to be significantly up-regulated at different time points post-inoculation (6 hpi, 24 hpi, and 5 dpi) in the resistant line “PI 201234” and susceptible line “Qiemen”. Seven genes were found to be involved in cell wall modification, phytoalexin biosynthesis, symptom development, and phytohormone signaling pathways, thus possibly playing important roles in combating exogenous pathogens. The genes identified herein will provide a basis for further gene cloning and functional verification studies and will aid in an understanding of the regulatory mechanism of pepper resistance to P. capsici.
Anti-Restenotic Roles of Dihydroaustrasulfone Alcohol Involved in Inhibiting PDGF-BB-Stimulated Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Li Pei-Chuan , Sheu Ming-Jyh , Ma Wei-Fen , Pan Chun-Hsu , Sheu Jyh-Horng , Wu Chieh-Hsi
Published: May 2015

Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol (DA), an active compound firstly isolated from marine corals, has been reported to reveal anti-cancer and anti-inflammation activities. These reported activities of DA raised a possible application in anti-restenosis. Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the stimulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB play major pathological processes involved in the development of restenosis. Experimental results showed that DA markedly reduced balloon injury-induced neointima formation in the rat carotid artery model and significantly inhibited PDGF-BB-stimulated proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Our data further demonstrated that translational and active levels of several critical signaling cascades involved in VSMC proliferation, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase/ mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK/MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), were obviously inhibited. In addition, DA also decreased the activation and expression levels of gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9) involved in cell migration. In conclusion, our findings indicate that DA can reduce balloon injury-neointimal hyperplasia, the effect of which may be modulated through suppression of VSMC proliferation and migration. These results suggest that DA has potential application as an anti-restenotic agent for the prevention of restenosis.
The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Water Yield in Dali County
Authors: Yu Jing , Yuan Yongwei , Nie Yan , Ma Enjun , Li Hongji , Geng Xiaoli
Published: May 2015

Water yield is of great importance to the balance between supply and demand of water resources. The provision of freshwater for Dali is estimated and mapped in 1988, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2008, using the Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) modeling toolset. The stability of water yield’s spatial variation is analyzed by a sorting method. The factors are explored which lead to the change in the relative water yield capacity. The yields at five points in time are compared, and the result of which shows a sharp fluctuation. The water yield curve is of a similar waveform as precipitation. An obvious and relatively stable spatial variation appears for water yield. The highest water yield areas are mainly located in the area where the elevation is high and both the elevation and the slope changes are large, and the main land uses are Shrub Land and High Coverage Grassland. The lowest areas are mainly in the eastern part of Erhai or the surrounding area. Precipitation, construction land expansion and the implementation of policy on land use are the three main factors which contribute to the change of the relative water yield capacity during 1988–2008 in Dali. In the study area, the water yield appears highly sensitive to the change in precipitation. The elasticity coefficient is calculated to illustrate the sensitivity of the water yield to the precipitation. When the elasticity index is larger, the risk of natural disaster will be higher.
Quelques aspects et conséquences de l'élévation du niveau de la mer Caspienne (About some aspects and consequences of Caspian sea level rise)
Authors: Miossec Alain
Published: May 2015

Résumé. - L'élévation du niveau de la mer Caspienne s'est opérée à partir de 1977 par un retournement dont elle est coutumière depuis des siècles. L'importance de cette élévation a cependant surpris les autorités soviétiques : les rapports rédigés par les ingénieurs renseignent autant sur le drame physique que sur le système soviétique tel qu'il fonctionna jusqu'en 1991 : les pronostics allaient toujours dans le sens supposé voulu par les autorités centrales à Moscou. En revanche, la mer Caspienne peut être considérée comme un véritable laboratoire où les effets d'une rapide élévation du niveau des mers sont testés en grandeur réelle.
La Lituanie post-soviétique : nation, territoire, mutation économique (Lithuania after the Soviets : nation, territory, economic change)
Authors: Péchoux Pierre-Yves
Published: May 2015

Abstract. - Enjoying independance again, though its international capacity is still obstructed by Russia, Lithuania, where 80% inhabitants are ethnic Lithuanians, the main minorities being Poles and Russians, has granted a full citizenship to all of these peoples as a provisional answer to the question of respective positions of the Nation, the Church and the State. The local industries and employment were wrecked after the collapse of the Soviet Union and in spite of its key position between Western and Eastern Europe Lithuania has received few assistance from the European Union to help and lauch a new industrial policy. Meanwhile the family farms introduced to replace the Soviet style collectives are of greater importance as a cultural and national manifestation than as means for improving productivity.
Le bassin versant du Xéropotamos (Macédoine Orientale), contribution à l'étude des rythmes de l'érosion holocène en Grèce (The watershed of the Xeropotamos (Eastern Macedonia), contribution to the study of the rate of erosion during the holocene in Greece)
Authors: Lespez Laurent
Published: May 2015

Abstract. - The study of the holocene alluvial fill of the Xeropotamos stream shows the importance of the historical erosion in eastern Macedonia. The first erosion crisis take place later than in many areas in Greece. It occurs at the end of the Antiquity and in the paleochristians times. A second one occurs in the last centuries. The main factors of the erosion and the backfilling are clearance of the vegetation and exceptional hydrological events.
Dénudation et longue durée (10-100 MA) : le cas des montagnes de marge passive du pourtour des océans atlantique et indo-pacifique (Long term denudation at passive margins)
Authors: Gunnell Yanni
Published: May 2015

Résumé. - La quantification des bilans d'érosion par la technique des traces de fission permet d'aborder sous un jour nouveau l'évolution de quelques bourrelets de marge passive depuis le Mésozoïque. Malgré le dégagement de certaines tendances générales, la diversité des cas de figure rencontrés doit faire surgir des modèles conceptuels plus imaginatifs et variés que ceux qui règnent dans les manuels.
Serological, cultural, and molecular evidence of Brucella infection in small ruminants in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Shahzad , Akhter Shamim , Neubauer Heinrich , Melzer Falk , Khan Iahtasham , Ali Qurban , Irfan Muhammad
Published: May 2015

Introduction: The objectives of the present study were to determine the seroprevalence and identify the causative agent of brucellosis in small ruminants in Pakistan. Methodology: A total of 278 serum and 212 milk samples were collected from sheep and goats that had close contact with seropositive bovine herds. Data related to age, sex, location, and breed were collected on the sampling day. Serum and milk samples were initially screened using two different Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) antigens and a milk ring test (MRT). Seropositive samples were subjected to bacterial isolation and PCR analysis using Brucella genus-specific (bcsp31) and Brucella species-specific (IS711 for Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis) quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR). Results: Twenty-four (8.6%) serum samples were positive by RBPT. Twenty (9.4%) animals were positive for Brucella antibodies using MRT. No Brucella isolates were obtained from the examined blood and milk samples. Of the 24 seropositive serum samples, 18 (75%) were positive in the Brucella genus-specific (bcsp31) and Brucella abortus-specific (IS711) qRT-PCR, respectively. Conclusions: Brucella abortus was identified as causative agent of ovine and caprine brucellosis in Pakistan. Results of this study can be used for the development of an effective control and eradication strategy for brucellosis in livestock, especially small ruminants.
Brain tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an HIV-positive patient: a biopsy-proven case
Authors: Giancola Maria Letizia , Baldini Francesco , Carapella Carmine Maria , Busi Rizzi Elisa , Maddaluno Rita , Alba Lucia , Antinori Andrea
Published: May 2015

The case of an HIV-infected man from Eritrea previously diagnosed with tuberculosis, who presented neurological impairment and cerebral lesion after having voluntarily stopped anti-tubercular and antiretroviral therapies, is here reported. Treatments associated with steroids and mannitol were administered. The patient’s condition improved, but neuroimaging showed a continuous worsening of the lesion, while a great immunological reconstitution was observed. Brain microsurgery was performed. A tuberculosis diagnosis was supported by pathological and microbiological examinations. Tuberculosis arising during immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is a complication of antiretroviral treatment and is considered to be an emerging disorder, especially in countries highly endemic for tuberculosis.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes isolated from retail chicken meat and giblets in Iran
Authors: Sodagari Hamid Reza , Mashak Zohreh , Ghadimianazar Amir
Published: May 2015

Introduction: Salmonella is one of the major foodborne pathogens responsible for outbreaks of foodborne illness in humans worldwide. Methodology: A total of 560 samples of chicken meat and giblets were collected from retail markets for Salmonella identification, serotyping, and antimicrobial resistance testing. Results: Salmonella was detected in 19.8% of samples. Among the five serotypes identified, S. Thompson was the predominant type (48.7%). High antimicrobial resistance rates were observed to nalidixic acid (92.8%), tetracycline (81%), trimethoprim (68.4%), sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim (61.2%), streptomycin (56.7%), and kanamycin (36.9%). Although resistance to chloramphenicol (3.6%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (5.4%), and ampicillin (11.7%) was detected, none of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, colistin, gentamicin, nor imipenem. Conclusions: Restrictions on the irrational use of antibiotics in humans and animals are suggested for the reduction of resistant strains.
An unidentified cluster of infection in the Peruvian Amazon region
Authors: Cornejo Angela , Gomes Claudia , Suarez Luis , Martinez-Puchol Sandra , Bustamante Pershing , Pons Maria J , Ruiz Joaquim , Del Valle Mendoza Juana
Published: May 2015

Introduction: Bartonella bacilliformis is the etiological agent of Carrion’s disease, which is a neglected disease linked to people in low-socioeconomic populations in Andean valleys. An outbreak of B. bacilliformis was reported in a rural area of the Peruvian Amazon region. The aim of this study was to characterize this outbreak using molecular techniques. Methodology: Fifty-three blood samples from patients diagnosed with Carrion’s disease were analyzed by molecular tools, using both a Bartonella-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and an universal PCR, both based on 16S rRNA gene amplification. Additional water samples from the area were also analyzed. Results: Unexpectedly, the samples were positive only when the universal PCR was used. Although environmental contamination cannot be ruled out, the results showed that Sphingomonas faeni was the possible causative agent of this outbreak, and that water was the most feasible infection source. Conclusions: Diagnosis by clinical criteria or microscopy may lead to misdiagnosis. There is a need to include molecular tools in the routine diagnosis of febrile syndromes, including Carrion’s disease.
Associated fauna and effects of epibiotic barnacles on the relative growth and reproductive indices of Stramonita haemastoma (Gastropoda: Muricidae)
Authors: El Ayari Tahani , Lahbib Youssef , Trigui El Menif Najoua
Published: May 2015

To better understand the impacts of biofouling on the biological processes of the basibiont, the effects of epibiotic barnacles on the relative growth and reproductive indices of Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1767) were assessed. A total of 1035 specimens were collected monthly for one year from Bizerta Channel (northern Tunisia). Endobiotic species comprised the lithophagous bivalves Lithophaga aristata and Rocellaria dubia of different sizes, communicating with the outside through tiny perforations. Intra-shell tunnels and galleries also sheltered annelids and sipunculids. Epibiotic species comprised algae and highly diversified invertebrates represented by crustaceans, polychaetes, molluscs, echinoderms, ascidians, sponges, bryozoans and sipunculids, with barnacles being the most common group. Comparison of growth features between non-fouled and fouled S. haemastoma revealed higher growth in non-fouled specimens. Differences in reproductive condition indices were detected in few months, being mostly higher in non-fouled snails, but showed no asynchrony in the spawning period for either fouled or non-fouled gastropods hosts.
Aggregate Model-Based Performance Analysis of an Emergency Department
Authors: Adan Ivo , Lefeber Erjen , Timmermans Jordi , van de Waarsenburg Annet , Wolleswinkel-Schriek Mireille
Published: May 2015

In this paper the authors present an aggregate simulation model for a real-life emergency department, which is based on the concept of effective process times and which uses a token system to model patients claiming multiple resources simultaneously. Although it has been developed for a specific hospital, the model is flexible, and capable to describe different settings. The modeling steps, model specification and model validation are explained in detail. By using a process-based simulation language, the resulting model is transparent, intuitive and easy to use in quantitatively and efficiently evaluating the effect of proposed changes in the operational processes of the emergency department on patient service levels and resource utilizations.
Fuzzy Quantitative and Semi-Qualitative Risk Assessment in Projects
Authors: Abdolshah Mohamamd
Published: May 2015

Before initiating a project, risks assessment, is a process that its importance has felt in past two decades and has taken a position in project activities. Project's managers apply risk assessment as a preventive method for highly possible risks having an unfavorable influence on project objectives. Risk assessment has implemented in three ways: qualitative, semi-qualitative (semi-qualitative) and quantitative. In this paper, the author reviews quantitative and semi-qualitative risk assessment methods in associated with fuzzy sets theory (FST). Moreover, considering three steps of risk assessment process, namely: definition and measurement of parameters, fuzzy inference and defuzzification, the author classified presented articles into three groups of giving opinion methods, assessment methods and defuzzification methods. It is avoided mentioning articles with same assessment methods in this paper. Although giving opinion methods and defuzzification methods have the potential to be worked on, late risk assessment surveys, demonstrate increasing attempt on developing comprehension and reality adjustment in project risk assessment methodologies.
Suspicious Behavior Detection in Debit Card Transactions using Data Mining
Authors: Saghehei Ehsan , Memariani Azizollah
Published: May 2015

The approach used in this paper is an implementation of a data mining process against real-life transactions of debit cards with the aim of detecting suspicious behavior. The framework designed for this purpose has been obtained through merging supervised and unsupervised models. First, due to unlabeled data, Twostep and Self-Organizing Map algorithms have been used in clustering the transactions. A C5.0 classification algorithm has been applied to evaluate supervised models and also to detect suspicious behaviors. An innovative plan has been designed to evaluate hybrid models and select the most appropriate model for the solution of the fraud detection problem. The evaluation of the models and the final analysis of the data took place in four stages. The appropriate hybrid model was selected from among 16 models. The results show a high ability of selected model in detecting suspicious behavior in transactions involving debit cards.
Learning Objects and Geometric Representation for Teaching “Definition and Applications of Geometric Vector”
Authors: Rodríguez Claudia Orozco , Morgado Erla M. Morales , Moita Filomena Gonçalves da Silva Cordeiro
Published: May 2015

Often during the teaching of mathematics, students have difficulties to understand some abstract concepts. That's why it is necessary to show the student the concepts as clearly and definitely as possible. The proposal of this project is a teaching strategy. It is the use of Geometric Representation integrated Learning Objects for the internalization of concepts. The research process involves the design, development, and evaluation of Learning Objects and how it promotes understanding of the contents of the topic “Real Geometric Vectors and their application”. At the beginning of this article are the context and the latest research concerning to this project. Then an overview of the theoretical framework that supports this work is shown. Finally, the paper describes the methodology used in the project, results of data, expected contributions and conclusions.
To Be or Not to Be Successful?
Authors: Llorente Ana María Pinto , Gómez María Cruz Sánchez , García-Peñalvo Francisco José
Published: May 2015

The increase of blended learning education has been identified as an important goal in improving teaching-learning technological models. However, when considering this development it becomes essential to take into account the potential characteristics that students must have to be successful in this kind of education. This study is based on this human aspect. Thus, the authors have focused on learners and the fundamental qualities that they must have to study English via a hypermedia modular model and get their goals. Based on the results of this research the authors can indicate that characteristics like reasonable computer skills, ability to work both individually and in groups, capability of being organized and tenacious in their learning, a high level of academic maturity and a reasonable competence in English that allows them to be autonomous in their learning are essential features to be successful in this type of education.
Selection of Drives for Prototype of Continuous Passive Motion Machine
Authors: Dominik Ireneusz , Dwornicka Renata
Published: May 2015

The paper contains a description of a research into selecting drives for prototype of Continuous Passive Motion machine. Designing and constructing automated rehabilitation devices aims to increase effectiveness as well as shorten the time of a therapy. Information drew from literature, market researches and interviews in Krakow’s rehabilitation centers enabled the assessment of changes that are necessary to improve the ongoing process of automation. The article focuses on problem of designing and appropriate location of drives in accordance with durability calculations. Additionally, designing the universal machine that would allow conducting the ankle, knee and hip joint motion simultaneously, involved proper choice of drives and planning their placement, so they would not disturb the therapy.
Context Transformations of Range Images Using Directional Data Back Fill Algorithm
Authors: Sioma Andrzej
Published: May 2015

This paper discusses the subject of filtering range images constructed using vision systems. Construction of a range image using the laser triangulation method LTM is burdened by noise resulting from the specificity of the adopted method. This method uses structural illumination, usually in the form of a laser line from the object illumination. The image of the object is captured by a camera, whereupon the laser line image is transformed into height profiles, which are then used to construct a range image of the object. Yet, such images fail to describe the entire surface of the object, due to occlusion. Occlusion of image fragments occurs in two forms. The first one stems from the impossibility to fully illuminate all surfaces of the object, due to occlusion of the laser lines. The second form occurs when the surface is illuminated properly, but the image of this surface cannot be captured by the camera. In both cases, there is an occlusion which usually results from the shape of the object. This paper describes the method of backfilling the data in undefined areas of range images caused to the phenomenon of occlusion. It suggests a method of defining the direction of data backfilling, identification of undefined areas, as well as methods of calculating and backfilling height differences at undefined spots. The purpose of these transformations is to prepare the image for measurement and control tasks. Select examples are presented with the results of image transformation using the developed data backfilling method.
Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Control of Maglev Test Stand
Authors: Dominik Ireneusz
Published: May 2015

The paper contains a description of a research into applying classic algorithm of PID controller as well as advanced Type-2 Fuzzy logic controller to ensure stability of the levitating object in magnetic field. The implemented algorithm can handle uncertainties without increasing drastically the computational complexity, which is crucial in case of PLCs. The issues concerning the construction of the unit, where the experiments were carried out, are presented, as well as the characteristics of the object for different controllers.
Vibration Properties of Frame for Human Powered Vehicles
Authors: Dușe Dan Maniu , Ari Alexandru Radu
Published: May 2015

Comfort is an important factor concerning automobiles, more so with bicycles. This remark has to be viewed with the operator’s strong connection to its own human powered vehicle, always in mind. Where an automobile might give the driver a lot of damping from the vibrations induced upon the vehicle, a bicycle has very few components between the operator and the vibration inducing elements. Therefore ample studies indicate the vibration damping effects of different shock absorbers, analyze the effect of certain types of vibrations on the human body and identify the type of vibrations that usually occur when riding a human powered vehicle. Many such studies concur that vibrations that protrude to operator through the vehicle, are very specific to a certain vehicle. In this case, when designing and developing a human powered vehicle, identifying the specific modal frequencies is imperative. Also identifying the types of frequencies induced by certain elements can help form an image about the vehicle, the vehicle properties and possibly the comfort of the operator.
Cloud Community for Polymeric and Composites Simulations Products
Authors: Raicu Alexandra , Raicu Gabriel , Opran Constantin Gheorghe
Published: May 2015

The paper presents the development of a scientific cloud computing community for polymeric and composites products that offers high performance computation capability. The scientific research community will use the cloud to resolve complex issues. This community will include data storage, a polymeric materials encyclopaedia, softwares for simulation, design, so will determine a functional independence. Cloud computing will increase the productivity and innovation in all polymeric and composites field. The software platform consists of several virtual machines running a Unix (or derivatives as Linux or *BSD’s) operating systems using specialised software, Open Source software for materials and process modeling, a scientific package for polymeric material simulations.
Holonic Modeling in Scheduling Process
Authors: Gorgoi Mircea
Published: May 2015

This paper present the new approach in the scheduling process using the unconventional methodology of modelling. New approach purpose use the holonic property the „part” and „hole” of an informational entity's. This duality, modelled the continuous and emergency property of technological flow of materials. The scheduling process is expression of the solution to the technological flow which can have to various solutions. By a „hole” property is simulate the parameters of entire flow, and by „part” is simulate the sequential parameter of flow. The aim of new approach is to establish a possible solution space for all variants of schedule by into an emergency property's of informational flow.
Modeling and Simulation of Holonic Meta-Algorithm in Scheduling Process Using PERT Technique − Optimization in Job Shop Scheduling Problem
Authors: Gorgoi Mircea , Neagu Corneliu
Published: May 2015

In generally scheduling can be viewed as optimization, bound by sequence and resource constrain and the minimization of the makespan is often used as the criterion. In this paper minimization of the makespan or complete time will be used such as an objective function and not the criterion of the decision. The new approach use heuristic elementary priority dispatch rules as the criterion of the decision. This research purpose a new methodology which use a specific elements of PERT techniques to find the optimum solution. New approach establish a solution's space where are find the all solution of the problem. Determination of the solution's space is realized by a meta-algorithm which take in account all the variant of the solutions of the process.
Design Method for Customized Products
Authors: Tarara Aurel , Mazilu Traian
Published: May 2015

The wide variety of customers’ needs as well as the rapid change of these, increasingly requires the transition from mass produced products to customized product manufacturing that meet the individual needs of clients with consequence for the products design process. This paper present the core ideas of the mass customized and unique products design process, tools that can be used by designers in product design process and not least a customized design methodology intended to be used in order to design customized products. The design methodology for customized products emphasizes on action that must be taken, tools that can be used and results of each design steps.
Consideration Regarding the Configuration of the Resources and Modeling the Manufacturing Work Cell
Authors: Popp Ilie Octavian , Telea Dorin
Published: May 2015

This paper is presented the concept of developing a generic reference architecture model for the specification, development, control and reconfiguration of a manufacturing enterprise at a work cell level. It is described a generic system architecture for FMS; there is also briefly explained how to configure the different resource modules that actually control the tasks of the physical device and put together a work cell consisting of other FMS resources. Using the principles of distributed object technology there could be implemented each resource in the work cell as a distributed object. Finally, an example on building a FMS using a hierarchical approach is presented.