bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wireless Sensor Failure Identification Technology for Thermal Monitoring System of NC Machine Tools Based on Bayesian Networks
Authors: Yao Xin Hua , He Zhen Ya , Fu Jian Zhong , Chen Zi Chen
Published: February 2011

Wireless sensors are increasingly adopted in mechanical systems to acquire and wirelessly transmit sensed information for machine condition monitoring. For wireless sensors on spindle, the reliability of the sensors system at high rotary speed is the key factor to guarantee the validity of monitoring. How to identify sensor failure accurately and timely is essential to enhance reliability of monitoring system. To address this issue, a novel method based on the BNs was presented to distinguish sensor failure from other transmission errors. The method described causal relationships of factors inducing sensor failure by graph theory and deduced sensor failure by Bayesian statistical techniques. Experiments carried on NC machining center prove the validity of this approach.
PVC Sheet Blow Forming Finite Element Simulation and Experimental Study
Authors: Zheng Chao , Zhang Yi Sheng , Li De Qun
Published: February 2011

The plastic sheet forming technique is simple and easy to realize, that is why, it is widely used for packaging commodities. Similarly, in In-Mold-Decoration (IMD) molding technology, due to the complex geometry of the membrane and the high requirement of the dimensional accuracy, geometric design and molding technique for the product should be focused on controlling the thickness distribution of shell or membrance plastic products in order to achieve high precision manufacturing. This paper started with analyzing the performance data of the plastic sheet molding material, using nonlinear finite element method and multi-physics coupling method to simulate the plastic sheet forming process, and the result gives the required parameters for product design and quality control. For the thickness deviation, the experimental testing shows that the maximum discrepancy between the simulation and actual result is less than15%. The research proved that computer simulation can contribute to control the inhomogeneity of the shell or membrane so as to improve the design and the quality of manufacturing.
Region Classification of Forestry Ecological-Economy System with BP Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Mei , Wen Jing Hua , Zhang Zu Xun
Published: February 2011

First the principle of BP Net Neural Works was introduced, and the Region Classification model based on BP Net Neural Works of Forestry Ecological-Economy System was built. Then the City Forestry Ecological-Economy System of Sichuan province was classified with the model, moreover it was simulated with platform of MATLAB, and the Classification result was perfect, its Classification precision could arrive at above 90%.The emulator result indicated that the BP Net Neural Works pass through training could recognize region character of the Forestry Ecological-Economy System effectively,and could realize auto classification of the Forestry Ecological-Economy System.
The Development of Walking Assistant Robot for the Elderly
Authors: Zhang Lei , Cao Qi Xin , Leng Chun Tao , Tang Ao Lin , Shi Fei
Published: February 2011

The Walking Assistant Robots(WARs) developed by our institute are introduced in this paper. First, three prototypes with different mechanical and control structures are introduced and compared. Then as for the prototypes Ⅲ, its main framework and three important function modules including force sensor based human-machine interaction, Omni-directional vision based tracking and guiding system, and web-based monitoring system are described in detail. The WAR can recognize the user’s intents and execute different assistant functions, such as seating or standing-up assistant, walking assistant, human tracking, location, obstacle detection and avoidance. The application in an elderly care center shows WAR has a perfect and stable performance.
A New Technique for Camera Calibration Using Circle Template
Authors: Liu Ya Wei , Li Jian Wei
Published: February 2011

In view of the poor anti-noise performance of traditional methods, the principle of camera calibration is analyzed based on calibration template with planar circles, and a new calibration technique is proposed based on pin-hole perspective model. Firstly, the edges of image ellipses are located in sub-pixel by spatial-moment operator. Then elliptic equations are obtained by the Least Square Fitting method, and common tangents of two arbitrary ellipses are also calculated. Finally, the extrinsic and intrinsic parameters are computed by the Radial Alignment Constraint (RAC) model. Experiments results indicate that proposed method has a goof performance of lower computation complexity and higher precision.
Self-Adaptive Parameters Adjustment Scheme for Load Balancing in LTE Systems
Authors: Zheng Wei , Wen Xiang Ming , Ge Huai Ning
Published: February 2011

Next-generation cellular networks will provide higher cell capacity by adopting advanced physical layer techniques and bandwidth. In such networks, low throughput due to severe inter-cell interference and unbalanced user distributions among cells couldn’t be born. In this paper, we focus on solving this problem by adopting a novel self-adaptive handover parameters adjustment and load-balancing schemes in LTE systems. The core idea is to obtain the empirical data of network operations and the load distribution of the high load cell to carry out pre-adjustment between the high load cell and its neighbors. Accordingly, the effect of adjustment is evaluated and parameter adjustment strategy sets will be carried out to complete update based on results of the evaluation. The scheme could consume less networks resource and implement dynamic load balance effectively.
Application and Research of Virtual Design for Superfine Wood Powder Pulverizer with Multi-Granularity
Authors: Yang Lan Yu , Li Ying
Published: February 2011

Processing technologies of superfine wood powder is a new field for wood the industry, while a new research direction is added for the wood industry. Grinding equipments for superfine wood powder is one key device for superfine wood powder production, and it plays an important role during processing superfine wood powder. Cutting and grinding methods with both semi-enclosed and two-cycle characteristics are used, there are three kinds of screen with various specifications inside the grinding room, and three kind of wood powder with different granularity requirements. Virtual reality technology is introduced into the wood powder pulverizer with multi-granularity designed, and both three-dimensional model of wood powder pulverizer with multi-granularity and the visual system for enhanced wood pulverizer are built. Virtual design technology can not only reduce product development cost greatly for the wood powder pulverizer but also shorten product development cycle for the wood powder pulverizer greatly, and there has vital significance to save manufacture cost.
Key Technology Research for Wood Powder Disintegrator Used in Fuel Based on ADAMS Environment
Authors: Yang Lan Yu , Li Ying
Published: February 2011

Wood powder used in fuel is an important part of sustainable energy, whose processing technology is a new research field for the wood industry, while wood powder disintegrator used in fuel is a key equipment of production equipments. Many soft wares such as Pro/E are applied to complete three-dimensional model for the wood powder disintegrator used in fuel while some soft wares such as ADAMS are applied to carry out motion simulation with braking device component of the wood powder disintegrator used in fuel, thus braking results for both braking head and braking bar can be obtained from the curve, which are in line with the anticipated results. Therefore, it can provide a new kind about optimizing structure of the wood powder disintegrator used in fuel further by way of studying grinding equipments for wood powder used in fuel under ADAMS environment, which has not only real economic significance but also broad application prospects.
Coordinated Control among High-Speed Trains Based on Model Predictive Control
Authors: Zhou Yong Hua , Wang Yang Peng
Published: February 2011

In the high-speed train control system, it is possible to realize the mutual real-time communication between trains and ground equipments, thus the real-time information about trains can be transmitted to the ground commanding center. Under this new operation paradigm, in order to improve its safety and efficiency, this paper proposes the generalized and hierarchical framework of model predictive control (MPC) for the railway system including macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic levels. Under this framework, this paper further elaborates the coordinated following control based on MPC among adjacent trains in order to guarantee proper safety distance in case of unexpected disturbances. The Levenberg-Marquardt optimization approach is utilized to engender the corresponding control commands. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of MPC with the prediction models of trains’ movement for the coordinated control among them.
Flower Robot – A Product of Biomimetic Technology
Authors: Sy Hung Nguyen , Anh Tuan Phan Doan , Phuong Nguyen Ngoc , Truong Thinh Nguyen
Published: February 2011

In this paper, we propose a new prototype model of a robotic flower with active guide tendon wires which has two bending degrees of freedom. The design and fabrication methods of this flower robot are described. We also modeled this robotic flower for characteristic evaluation. Experimental results show that the model of the flower robot is reasonable for practical applications. The flower robot is a multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) device which was developed using a tendon-driven system. Two DOF motion for the robotic stem was realized by the tendon mechanism combining flexible spring, and 1-DOF motion of flower was created by a servo motor. Each leaf uses a spring and a tendon-driven string. The proposal structure consists of flower, stem and leaves operating like a flower robot. The experimental results indicate that the proposed flower robot with active guide wire is applicable to reality. Furthermore, it is integrated with sensors to perform its functions like a flower.
Integrating a HMM-Based Driver Fatigue Recognition Model into Smart Vehicle Space for Ubiquitous Computing
Authors: Wu Qing , Yu Wei Wei
Published: February 2011

Smart Vehicle Space (SVS) is a new smart space adopting vehicles as environment carrier, with embedded abilities of computing, communication, and perception. This paper proposes a model of driver fatigue recognition based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for SVS. We selected the PERCLOS feature variables as low-level contexts for driver fatigue evaluation, and established the HMM through a large number of training sample data. Then we identified the most likely driver's hidden states (high-level contexts) from the observation sequence using the Viterbi algorithm, to remind drivers to ensure the safe driving behavior. Finally, a case study in the simulation environment is given, which confirmed that the application can identify the driver's body states with a high probability, as well as maintain the good recognition effect in case of several invalid variables in observation sequence.
Strain Analysis of an Embedded Optical Fiber Sensor
Authors: Her Shiuh Chuan , Tsai Chang Yu
Published: February 2011

Optical fiber sensors with light weight, small dimension and immunity to electromagnetic interference are widely used in structural health monitoring device. In this investigation, a theoretical model of the strain transferred from the host material to the embedded optical fiber is developed to reveal the differential strains between the optical fiber sensor and host material. The theoretical predictions are validated with the numerical analysis using the finite element method. The percentage of strain in the host material actually transferred to the optical fiber is dependent on the bonding characteristics such as adhesive layer, protective coating and host material. Parametric study shows that the larger of the host material the more strain is transferred to the optical fiber.
Urban Heat Island Monitoring and Analysis Using Landsat ETM+/TM Imageries
Authors: Wen Xing Ping , Yang Xiao Feng
Published: February 2011

In recently years, Urban Heat island (UHI) is one of the hottest topics in urban climate. The present paper discusses heat islands at Guangzhou metropolis, the capital of Guangdong Province in southern China. TM/ETM+ imageries acquired in 1990, 2000, and 2002 are used to retrieval land surface temperature. Firstly, the ETM+/TM imageries are calibrated using parameter header file. Then, the radiance is transformed into brightness temperature and its standard normal distribution. Finally, building method of three dimension urban heat island perspective image is experimented. Comparing images of brightness temperature and its standard normal distribution, it concludes that the higher temperature areas increase year by year. This accordes with the annual average temperatures of Guangzhou increased year by year. The distributions of higher temperature areas concentrate at Yuexiu and Luogang in 1990. However, in 2000, the higher temperature large areas in Luogang are disappeared due to urban greening, and the higher temperature areas spread in other districts. As well as, in 2002, the higher temperature area distributions are dispersion and fragment, so the UHI intensity is mitigated to some degree. Three dimension urban heat island perspective image exhibits heat island distribution visually.
A Novel Design of BOD Biosensor Based on Immobilized Microbial Biosensor
Authors: Li Jie , Li Yong Qiang , Zhang Guo Wei
Published: February 2011

In this study, an instrument for circulating BOD analysis by microbial sensor has been developed. A Pseudomonas. sp immobilized by PVA, was employed for sensitive material BOD sensor. The measure period was about 8 minutes. Both relative error and analytical standard deviation are less than 5%. The instrument has the advantages of high autoimmunization and short measure period. The accuracy and stability of the instrument measured up the national standard by testing different type waste waters and national standard samples.
A Novel Hyperchaotic System and its Circuit Implementation
Authors: Zhou Ping , Ding Rui
Published: February 2011

A hyperchaotic system with only one nonlinear term is presented. The Lyapunov exponents, Lyapunov fractal dimensions, and phase diagram of this hyperchaotic system are obtained. Furthermore, one electronic oscillator circuit design of this hyperchaotic system is described using the Electronics Work Bench (EWB).
Product's Optimum Design Based on the Combination of Reverse Engineering and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Li Su Yang , Cheng Si Yuan , Qiu Can Hua
Published: February 2011

Recently, reverse engineering technology and finite element analysis (FEA) are regarded as two modern design methods in industrial fields. In this paper, the piston connecting rod of one car’s engine is taken for example, the application procedure for integration of reverse engineering and finite element analysis is introduced. Firstly, CAD geometric model is rebuilt by reverse engineering technology, which is analyzed by finite element method using ANSYS Workbench software. Peak values of the maximum stress and deformation as well as its occurrence position can be understood, thus design parameters may be improved and optimized based on the finite element results.
A New Computer Simulation of Neck Injury Biomechanics
Authors: Li Na , Liu Jian Xin
Published: February 2011

Head and neck injuries are the most frequent severe injury resulting from traffic accidents. Neck injury mechanisms are difficult to study experimentally due to the variety of impact conditions involved, as well as ethical issues, such as the use of human cadavers and animals. Finite element analysis is a comprehensive computer aided mathematical method through which human head and neck impact tolerance can be investigated. Detailed cervical spine models are necessary to better understand cervical spine response to loading, improve our understanding of injury mechanisms, and specifically for predicting occupant response and injury in auto crash scenarios. The focus of this study was to develop a C1–C2 finite element model with optimized mechanical parameter. The most advanced material data available were then incorporated using appropriate nonlinear constitutive models to provide accurate predictions of response at physiological levels of loading. This optimization method was the first utilized in biomechanics understanding, the C1–C2 model forms the basis for the development of a full cervical spine model. Future studies will focus on tissue-level injury prediction and dynamic response.
Phase Transformation, Microstructure and Hardness of Electrodeposited Fe-Based Amorphous Coatings
Authors: Fan Yun Ying , Jiang Ye Hua , Zhou Rong
Published: February 2011

Fe-based amorphous coatings have many excellent performances, such as good corrosion resistance, high hardness, satisfactory magnetism, etc. In this paper, Fe-P amorphous coatings were prepared by electrodeposition method, and the phase transformation, microstructure, and hardness of the coatings heated at different heat-treatment temperature were investigated. The results show that Fe-P amorphous coatings begin to crystallize when heated at 300°C, the α-Fe(P) solid solution appears when heated at 330°C, and FexP(X=1,2,3) compounds separate out from the solid solution when heat-treatment temperature is up to 370°C. During the process of heat-treatment, hardness of the Fe-P coating increases as the reinforcement result of solid solution and dispersed phase in the coatings, and the hardness reaches the maximum 1100 HV at 370°C. When heat-treatment temperature is higher than 460°C, dispersed phase in the coatings will grow up, which is called Ostwald Coarsening Phenomenon, and hardness of the coating decreases quickly.
Structure Analysis and Simulation of Chemical Sensor for Food Safety Detection
Authors: Zhao Fu , Wang Ping , Gong Yan Jue , Zhang Li , Meng Chun Ling
Published: February 2011

The structure of chemical sensor has great influence on the performance of the sensor. This article studies on the relationship between the structure parameter and the mechanical characteristics of the sensor. The original resonance frequency and modes shape of the structure are obtained by the finite element analysis. Then a series of simulation comparison analyses are carried out to verify that the performance of modified sensor structure for food safety detection is improved greatly, which provides a good guide for the design of MEMS chemical sensor further.
Research and Application of Extension CBR Fault Diagnosis Method for Process Production
Authors: Xu Yuan , Zhu Qun Xiong , Wang Yan Qing
Published: February 2011

To enhance the work efficiency and systematization degree of fault diagnosis for process production, an extension CBR fault diagnosis (ECFD) method is proposed in which the extension theory applies the formal model to expand the possibility of matter and explore the innovative principle, and the CBR technology provides the ways for solution based on the historical experiences. Considering the characters of the two technologies, some researches are made on the extension basic-element case-description, distance-based extension case-retrieval, and character difference-based extension case-revision for fault diagnosis. Taking the purified terephthalic acid (PTA) solvent system as an application example for fault diagnosis, the ECFD method is proved to be feasible and effective, which provides a new way for diagnosing the production faults accurately.
Synthesis of Planar Stephenson III Six-Link Mechanism for Function Generation Based on Hyper-Chaos Newton Downhill Method
Authors: Luo You Xin , Liu Qi Yuan , Che Xiao Yi
Published: February 2011

The problem synthesis of planar Stephenson Ⅲ six-link mechanism for function generation all the while is a research difficult puzzle in mechanism fields. The hyper-chaos Newton downhill method finding all real solutions of nonlinear equations was proposed that is based on utilizing hyper-chaotic discrete system to obtain locate initial points to find all real solutions of the nonlinear questions. The numerical example of synthesis of planar Stephenson Ⅲ six-link mechanism for function generation with 11 accurate points was given. The result shows that most real solutions have been quickly obtained. The number of solutions is the most and the time-spending is the less than existing any other method and it proves the correctness and validity of the proposed method.
The Price of Anarchy of Non-Uniform Altruism Traffic Assignment
Authors: Yu Xiao Jun
Published: February 2011

In this paper, assumed the users are partially altruistic，the altruism level of different user class has difference. The user’s perceived cost assumed to be a linear combination of selfish component and altruistic component. A variational inequality (VI) model is investigated to formulate the user’s route choice behavior in non-uniform altruism transportation network with fixed demand. The price of anarchy caused by this kind of behavior is analytically derived and this result takes some known results in the literature as its special cases.
An Improved Locally Linear Embedding Method for Feature Extraction
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhou Wei Jia
Published: February 2011

In this work, a feature extraction approach based on improved Locally Linear Embedding(LLE) is proposed. In the algorithm, tangent space distance is introduced to LLE, which overcomes the shortcoming of original LLE method based on Euclidean distance. It can satisfy the requirement of locally linear much better and so can express the I/O mapping quality better than classical method. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the improved LLE method.
Comparative Study on Moving Object Detection Method of Video Surveillance System in China High-Speed Railway Transport Hub
Authors: Xie Zheng Yu , Dong Bao Tian , Chen Ying , Li Qian
Published: February 2011

To detect moving objects from a video sequence is a fundamental and critical task in many computer vision applications. For China high-speed railway transport hub video surveillance system, we need a stable, fast and accurate moving object detection method to promptly find the congestion of passenger flow and other dangerous in hub. Through the comparative study on moving object detection, we find the average/median filtering is the most appropriate method for China high-speed railway transport hub video surveillance.
Design of a New Chipboard-Splitter
Authors: Lv Yuan Jun , Chen Qiong
Published: February 2011

Definite shape and thickness of chipboard, followed a given size, can be divided in many parts and manufactured kinds of paper products, such as packing box and cushion. However, the species of packed cargo appear a lot, with the change of chipboard size. So a reasonable chipboard-splitter should be designed to meet packing measurement and reduced chipboard throwaway. After a chipboard-splitter was designed and introduced its operating principle, simulation software was used to design and optimize knife saw of chipboard-splitter. At the same time, force analysis of important structure had been put in practice to meet the intension demand. At last, the device has been put into operation and gotten a good effect.
Optimization Method for Globally Solving a Kind of Multiplicative Problems with Coefficients
Authors: Jiao Hong Wei , Yin Jing Ben , Guo Yun Rui
Published: February 2011

Multiplicative problems are a kind of difficult global optimization problems known to be NP-hard. At the same time, these problems have some important applications in engineering, system, finance, economics, and other fields. In this paper, an optimization method is proposed to globally solve a class of multiplicative problems with coefficients. Firstly, by utilizing equivalent transformation and linearization method, a linear relaxation programming problem is established. Secondly, by using branch and bound technique, a determined algorithm is proposed for solving equivalent problem. Finally, the proposed algorithm is convergent to the global optimal solution of original problem by means of the subsequent solutions of a series of linear programming problems.
Research on the Operating Performance Evaluation of Listed Companies Supplying Water and Gas Based on Factor Analysis
Authors: Chen Jun Fei , Zhou Xiao Lan
Published: February 2011

The operating performance of listed companies is the comprehensive response on their quality of assets, operating state, development potential and so on. In this paper, evaluating indexes system which was used to evaluate the operating performance was provided combining with the feature of supplying water and gas listed companies in China. The performance evaluation model based on the factor analysis is established. As a case, the performance of 18 listed companies supplying water and gas in China is selected and evaluated. The case shows that the model is effective and can provide a basis for decision-making for enterprises improving management.
Microstructure and Toughness Mechanism of Tooth
Authors: Chen Bin , Luo Ji , Yuan Quan , Fan Jing Hong
Published: February 2011

Tooth is a kind of biomaterial in nature. It behaves favorable strength, stiffness and fracture toughness, which are closely related to its fine microstructure. The observation of scanning electron microscope (SEM) on a mature tooth shows that the tooth is a kind of natural bioceramic composite consisting of hydroxyapatite layers and collagen protein matrix. The observation also shows that the hydroxyapatite layers consist of long and thin hydroxyapatite sheets and that all the hydroxyapatite sheets are arranged in a kind of parallel distribution. The maximum pullout energy of the hydroxyapatite sheets, which is closely related to the fracture toughness of the tooth, is investigated based on the representative model of the parallel distribution. It shows that the long and thin shape as well as the parallel distribution of the hydroxyapatite sheets increase the maximum pullout energy and enhance the fracture toughness of the tooth.
Influence of Strain Rate on Mechanical Properties of Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Wang Zhen Qing , Lei Hong Shuai , Zhou Bo , Wang Yu Long , Zhang Chen
Published: February 2011

The influence of strain rate on mechanical properties of Ni-Ti SMA wires was investigated by a series of uniaxial loading tests. The influence of strain rate on critical stress was discussed. During the transformation process, the slop of the stress-strain curves was increasing with the increase of strain rate. A new equation was developed to describe the change of residual train based on the test results.
Uni-Objective Negotiating Model and Tactics of Multi-Agent Supply Chain System
Authors: Yang Chang Hui
Published: February 2011

In the multi-agent supply chain of manufacturing enterprise, there is the problem that purchasing agent need negotiate with supplier agent about price. Based on analyzing the multi-agent collaborative framework, this paper presents a price-negotiating model, and discusses the negotiating tactics and steps between purchasing agent and supplies agent. And then an example is discussed for validating the negotiating model. This model is useful to optimize the supply chain management of manufacturing enterprise. Manufacturing enterprise and strategic partnerships may share profit and achieve joint gains based on this model.
Determination of Pear Leaf Nitrogen Content Based on Multi-Spectral Imaging Technology and Multivariate Calibration
Authors: Yang Hai Qing , Lv Gang
Published: February 2011

Fast determination of mineral nutrition contents of fruit trees is essential for orchard precision fertilizing management. A multi-spectral imaging system was developed and tested for the measurement of leaf nitrogen content of fruit trees in the study. Images taken using this system included visible images(R-G-B) and near-infrared image(NIR). These images were further processed into several indices such as RVI, NDVI, GNDVI, -log(R) and –log(G). Total 185 leaf samples were picked from Huang-hua pear trees which were planted in three orchards with different nitrogen fertilizing levels. Among them, 135 samples were randomly sorted out as calibration set with the remaining 50 as prediction set. A SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter was used for nitrogen reference measurement. In calibration modeling, leaf front and back faces were photographed respectively. Calibration models were developed based on single variant as well as multiple variants. The result shows that calibration models based on leaf front face are better than those based on leaf back face. Among others, R and G are the most important factors for nitrogen determination with less contribution of B and NIR. Based on the images of leaf front face, R, G, RVI, NDVI, GNDVI, -log(R) and –log(G) were found significantly correlated with nitrogen content with correlation coefficients of prediction (r_pre^2) of 0.7516, 0.7396, 0.7332, 0.7220, 0.7588, 0.7598 and 0.7379 respectively. The linear combinations of R-G-B-NIR, RVI-NDVI-GNDVI and NDVI-GNDVI achieved better prediction accuracy with r_pre^2 of 0.8157, 0.7775 and 0.7661 respectively. To further improve the prediction accuracy, a three-layer BP-ANN was developed with the three combinations as its input data. The result shows that BP-ANN has an excellent performance to predict nitrogen contents. BP-ANN with the input of R-G-B-NIR performs best with r_pre^2 of 0.9386 and maximum error of 3.52(SPAD). The study suggests that multi-spectral imaging system integrated with prediction model of BP-ANN with original reflectance intensity of R-G-B-NIR channels as its input data is promising for in situ measurement of nitrogen content of fruit tree.
Selection of Preprocessing Parameters for PCA of Soil Classification Affected by Particle Sizes Based on Vis/NIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Hai Qing , Kuang Bo Yan , Mouazen Abdul M.
Published: February 2011

. Instrumental measurement of soil properties are affected by several factors including soil texture. The classification of soil texture can help improve the accuracy of calibration models for soil measurement. In the study, the effect of soil particle size on the selection of preprocessing methods for principle component analysis (PCA) of soil classification was examined. Total 178 soil samples with five textures were collected from Silsoe Farm, Cranfield, England. After dried and ground, soil samples sieved by a 2mm sieve were named by Mixed Group. A Vis/NIR spectrophotometer (LabSpec2500, spectral range 350-2200nm, ASD) was used for spectral scanning of soil samples. After that, all samples were sieved by a 1mm sieve and divided into two groups: one with particle size less than 1mm named by Thin Group and another with particle size between 1mm and 2mm named by Thick Group. Preprocessing methods of moving average with segment size of 5(MA5), standard normal variation (SNV) and 1st Savitzky-Golay derivatives with smoothing points of 3(Der1(3)) were examined. PCA was applied to evaluate the discriminative capacity of MA5, MA5+SNV and MA5+Der1(3). The score plots of 1st~2nd and 2nd~3rd PCs show that MA5+Der1(3) is the best preprocessing method not only for Thick Group and Thin Group, but also for Mixed Group. MA5+SNV is suitable for Thick Group and Thin Group but does not perform well for Mixed Group. Only MA5 does not perform well in any of three groups. The study suggests that pre-processing with 1st derivative is an essential step for soil classification with various particle sizes using Vis/NIR spectroscopy.
Assessment of Degrees of Cumulative Fatigue Crack Initiation Damage at Guyed Mast Earplate Joint
Authors: Wang Wen Li , Qu Wei Lian , He Jie
Published: February 2011

This paper proposes a new method for assessing the degree of the cumulative fatigue crack initiation damage of the joint welds at the guyed mast earplate. Based on the multi-scale wind-induced stress analysis of the guyed mast earplate joint, and considering the welding residual stress in earplate joint, the critical plane approach is used for the calculation of cumulative strain fatigue damage due to the combined actions of the welding residual stress and the wind load.
AI Techniques to Estimate Muscle Force and Joint Torque for Upper Extremity
Authors: Parasuraman S. , Oyong Arif Wicaksono , Lestari Jauw Veronica
Published: February 2011

This paper is motivated by works done in the area of robot-assisted stroke rehabilitation. To map the EMG to joint torque, evolutionary techniques with suitable mathematical models are proposed. These models have unknown adjustable parameters, and the values of these parameters are obtained using nonlinear regression methods such as GA and SA. Five subjects took part in the experiments and they were asked to perform non-fatiguing and variable force maximal voluntary contractions and sub-maximal voluntary contractions. The recorded EMG signals data of various joints are entered to the model, to estimate the best fit values for the unknown parameters. Once these values of the parameters are obtained they are applied into the model and thus the joint torque is estimated. Predictions made by the proposed techniques are well correlated with experimental data.
Dynamic OD Estimation under Automated Vehicle Identification Environment
Authors: Chen Da Shan , Sun Jian , Li Ke Ping
Published: February 2011

In order to solve the current dynamic OD estimation problems on the background of gradual application of automated vehicle identification facilities, the relationship between dynamic OD estimation and traffic parameters under AVI environment is analyzed. The dynamic OD estimation model basing on Kalman filter algorithm is established. The coefficient matrixes of state equation and observation equation are calibrated dynamically by neural network respectively. The simulation results show that the model has higher estimation accuracy for OD pairs with great flows. The model can be adopted as one of the theoretical models for dynamic OD estimation supporting traffic control and management.
Recognition of Mineral Water with an Electronic Tongue Based on PCA and PNN
Authors: Men Hong , Guo Yu Ming , Wen Rui Xia , Zhu Bin
Published: February 2011

Electronic Tongue is a kind of intelligent equipment which is used to distinguish tastes. An electronic tongue composed of a sensor array of ion-selective electrodes has been developed and used for the qualitative analysis of five different brands of mineral water. The acquired original data has been optimized by principal component analysis (PCA) and then the probabilistic neural network (PNN) model is designed to process the data. The application results show that the performance of the proposed method has surpasses the traditional BP neural network algorithm, the speed of recognition is fast and the accuracy rate can reach 100%, which gives the electronic tongue system good practicability and feasibility.
A Bit-Decomposition Adaptive Watermarking Algorithm Based on the Multi-Polar Mask
Authors: Zhang Le , Liu Quan , Fu Qi Ming , Wang Xiao Yan
Published: February 2011

Traditional digital watermarking usually adopts the gray image as hidden information, more embedded information result in largely modifying more image data. Binary image can guarantee good affection of human vision, a bit-decomposition adaptive watermarking algorithm based on the mask is proposed. According to the superiority of binary, classifying binary images to three kinds of sub graph (High, Middle, and Low-sub graph); multi-masks are constructed by the importance of different sub graphs and cover the original image. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed scheme not only has better visual quality, but also is very robust to common image processing and geometric attacks.
Stochastic Model and Simulation Research for Random-Storage S-Type Manual Order Picking
Authors: Guo Jian , Zhou Li , Zhu Jie
Published: February 2011

It researches the service efficient problem of logistics distribution center manual order picking, tour length and then. It builds picker route stochastic model under random storage S-type picking condition. It makes model approximation calculation with simulation result under order random arrival frequencies. It conducts well approximation between model and simulation results under the condition of permission error. It is the foundation for improving storage strategy. And it provides basic foundation for researching of picking time distribution function for manual order picking random service system.
Object-Oriented Petri Net Modeling and Analysis of China Railway Container Freight Yard Logistic System
Authors: Wang Li , Zhu Xiao Ning , Xie Zheng Yu
Published: February 2011

The railway container freight yard logistic system is a typical discrete event dynamic system (DEDS) and has the feature of high randomness, low flexibility, uncertainty of operation time and high coordination demand of facilities. Object-oriented petri net (OPN) inherits the petri net (PN) advantages for efficiently describing the asynchronism, concurrency, distributivity, parallel DEDS and overcomes the disadvantages when faces complex discrete element dynamic system. We choose object-oriented petri net to model and analyze China railway container freight yard logistic system and get the object OPN model and communication relation net.
A Preliminary Study on Translational Kinetic Energy Absorption Using Coconut-Fiber (Coir) Sheets as a Potential Impact-Worthy Constituent in Advanced Aerospace Material
Authors: Affandi Nuraishah Bazilah , Rafie Azmin Shakrine Mohd. , Basri Shahnor , Romli Fairuz Izzuddin , Abdul Majid Dayang Laila Abang , Mustapha Faizal
Published: February 2011

Known as “coir”, the fibrous husk of the coconut fruit has potential for integration as a constituent in impact-resisting aerospace materials. As a preliminary study, kinetic energy absorption of this natural fiber is studied prior to further testing, for instance; a non-ballistic surface impacted at high velocity by a small mass is the equivalent mock-up to runway debris. The purpose of this study is to find the relationship between the thickness of the fiber with the kinetic energy absorption. Fabricated fiber panels measuring 10×10×t cm with various thickness are subjected to mild steel projectiles launched by a light gas gun at a constant pressure. The velocity of the projectiles is set to be consistent with the velocity range of typical transport-category aircraft. The impact response of the panels aids in predicting the required amendments where plies of coir sheets are increased to which perforation is impossible. The relationship established from the experimental results is then used to predict the amount of layers required for total translational kinetic energy absorption.
Effect of Nickel Composition and Preparation Method for Production of Hydrogen via Glycerol Steam Reforming
Authors: Lukman Hakim , Yaakob Zahira , Manal Ismail , Wan Daud Wan Ramli , Majlan Edy Herianto
Published: February 2011

The need and development of cleaner and greener alternative technologies using the heterogeneous catalytic system in the synthesis of fuel is very important. In this work hydrogen production via steam reforming of glycerol (C3H8O3) was carried out over nickel supported on hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3(OH)] as a biomaterial catalyst. The time reaction is carried out for 240 minutes in a fixed-bed reactor fixed at 600 oC and atmospheric pressure with the water-to-glycerol feed ratio of 8:1. Catalysts were prepared by mean of impregnation and sol-gel method with varied nickel loadings (3, 6, 9, 12 %) on hydroxyapatite. The catalysts were characterized by BET surface area, X-ray diffraction, and SEM-EDX techniques. It is found that 3 wt% of nickel loading prepared via sol-gel method exhibit the higher hydrogen production rates (63.62 % - 74.16 %) in comparison to the other nickel loadings.
A Structural Health Monitoring of a Pitch Catch Active Sensing of PZT Sensor on Normal, Damage and Repair Aircraft Spoiler
Authors: Mohd Aris K.D. , Mustapha Faizal , Sapuan S.M. , Abdul Majid Dayang Laila Abang
Published: February 2011

At present, aircraft structural integrity is a concerned due to heavy usage of composite materials and cost saving on the operational. Structural health monitoring system is one of condition based monitoring introduced to supplement the current aircraft maintenance non destructive inspection. One approach is to embed or attach sensors such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) to detect the anomalies either passively or actively. Due to the aircraft operational environment the defects and damage are likely to occur. Repair has to be carried out as per recommended and the requirement to replace back the sensors are important in order to monitor back the structure at post repair situation. The Lamb waves generated by using the PZT sensor can be used to monitor the surface structural integrity for damage or pristine condition. The effect of the lamb wave signals when surface condition of the aircraft component changes is concerned. One hundred data sets were recorded for the undamaged, damage and repair condition. An outlier analysis was used to analyze the situation by overlaying the isolated signal spectrum and the range of the voltage peak to peak (Vpp) mean values. Different signals were observed for different type of structural condition tested and more tests were required to make a conclusive solution.
A Composite Consisting of a Set of Hexagonal Ceramic Bars - The Numerical Study of the Ballistic Resistance
Authors: Stanislawek Sebastian , Morka Andrzej , Niezgoda Tadeusz
Published: February 2011

The paper presents a numerical study of a double layer composite panels impacted by a AP (Armor Piercing) 51WC projectile. The standard panel is built with aluminum and Al2O3 ceramic continuum layers while the studied model consists of the same aluminum plate but the front one is built with a set of hexagonal ceramic bars. The bar width and the impact position influence on the ballistic resistance are analyzed and compared with the reference solution. The problem has been solved with the usage of the modeling and simulation methods as well as finite elements method implemented in LS-DYNA software. Space discretization for each option was built by three dimension elements guarantying satisfying accuracy of the calculations. For material behavior simulation specific models including the influence of the strain rate and temperature changes were considered. Projectile Tungsten Curbide and aluminum plate material were described by Johnson-Cook model and ceramic target by Johnson-Holmquist model. In the studied panels the area surrounding back edges was supported by a rigid wall. The obtained results show interesting properties of the examined structures considering their ballistic resistance. All tests has given clear results about ballistic protection panel response under WC projectile impact. Panels consisting of sets of hexagonal ceramic bars are slightly easier to penetrate, reference model is stronger by 19% for smaller bars and by only 7% for bigger rods. Despite this fact, the ceramic layer is much less susceptible to overall destruction what makes it more applicable for the armor usage. Furthermore, little influence of the projectile impact point and consequently a part of the bar which is first destroyed is proved.
Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Al-15wt%Mg2Si Composite after Hot Extrusion and Heat Treatment
Authors: Bahrami A. , Razaghian A. , Emamy Masoud , Jafari Nodooshan H.R. , Mousavi G.S.
Published: February 2011

In this study, the relationship between microstructures and mechanical properties of the extrusion processed Al-15wt.%Mg2Si composite was investigated after applying various extrusion ratios (6:1, 12:1 and 18:1) and solution treatment. Various techniques including metallography, tensile testing and SEM fractography were utilized to characterize the mechanical behavior of the MMC. Results demonstrated that extruded and heat treated composite possesses considerably higher strength and enhanced ductility in comparison with the as-cast samples. It was also found that heat treatment and extrusion processes do not change the primary Mg2Si morphology considerably, but its size increases as extrusion ratio decreased. Heat treatment and extrusion ratio effects on tensile strength, elongation of extruded specimens were also studied in this work.
Thermal Free Vibration Analysis of Temperature-Dependent Functionally Graded Plates Using Second Order Shear Deformation
Authors: Shahrjerdi Ali , Mustapha Faizal , Sapuan S.M. , Bayat M. , Abdul Majid Dayang Laila Abang , Zahari Rizal
Published: February 2011

This research has been conducted to approach second-order shear deformation theory (SSDT) to analysis vibration characteristics of Functionally Graded Plates (FGP’s). Material properties in FGP's were assumed to be temperature dependent and graded along the thickness using a simple power law distribution in term of the volume fractions of the constituents. FGP was subjected to a linear and nonlinear temperature rise. The energy method was chosen to derive the equilibrium equations. The solution was based on the Fourier series that satisfy the simply supported boundary condition (Navier's method). Numerical results indicated the effect of material composition, plate geometry, and temperature fields on the vibration characteristics and mode shapes. The results revealed that, the temperature field and volume fraction distribution had significant effect on the vibration of FGPs. It was observed the second order theory was very close to the other shear deformation theorem as reported in the literature.
Developing Packaging by Using Smart Material which Helps to Realize Spoilage in Yoghurt
Authors: Eker Bülent , Eker Ayşegül Akdogan
Published: February 2011

The important effect of yoghurt on people's health caused increasing of many technological works and researches not only in our country but also all over the world.The environment in which yoghurt kept, may cause many sort of germs and contamination paths by the effects of some factors which are fairly similar to its own structure. These factors change the shelf-life of yoghurt and finally cause spoilage in yoghurt. In this context, it is known that the scientific works in this area which are aiming to minimize this spoilage effect, focus on the yogurt structure and packaging of yoghurt. The aim of this paper is to improve a smart polymer material which interacts with serum and changes color of the package by considering serum occurring within the shelf-life of yoghurt. PP based material will be used with the biological agencies like “kaoline” and “talc” and implemented mainly or superficial, the color change will be arised if the serum's PH increases. In practice, everyone can see the color changes with the window which will be placed on the label and the window will include the cautions according to the color levels.