bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of two tool turning process
Authors: Rathinam Kalidasan , Kumar Sandeep
Published: August 2018

Double tool turning process is used to improve productivity. A 2D finite element model was developed using commercially available finite element analysis software Abaqus 6.13. The workpiece and the cutting tool materials are modelled as elasto-plastic and elastic material respectively. Johnson-Cook damage criterion was used for chip separation. The friction between the cutting tool and the workpiece is modelled based on penalty contact approach. The coefficient of friction between the chip and the first and second cutting tool was taken as 0.8 and 0.6 respectively. In this numerical investigation the effect tool separation distance over the cutting force, feed force and cutting temperature were studied. Three different tool separation distances were considered. The simulation result shows that cutting force and feed force of the front cutting tool and the rear cutting tool do not change appreciably with the variation of the tool separation distance. It was revealed that the temperature rise of the work material due to machining by two cutting tool is well below the recrystallization temperature. Hence the forces on front and rear cutting tool remain same for various tool separation distances. It was also observed that the cutting temperatures remained unchanged for the various tool separation distances.
Preparation and characterization of oyster shell powder-treated rice husk ash adsorbent pellet for As(III) removal
Authors: Khownpurk Pichnipa , Chandra-ambhorn Walairat
Published: August 2018

The adsorbent pellet for As(III) removal was prepared from ground oyster shell and rice husk ash. The effects of particle size of oyster shell powder (OS) and the ratio between the OS and Treated rice husk ash (TRHA) on the stability of the adsorbent pellet were studied. The adsorbent pellet was characterized by XRD, XRF and SEM. The solubility and As(III) adsorption tests were performed. The results showed that the adsorbent pellet prepared from OS size <106 μm with OS:TRHA ratio of 0.7:0.3 could provide As(III) maximum adsorption capacity of approximately 26.20 mg/g. Furthermore, the XRD and SEM results indicated that the adsorbent pellet could consist of two parts i.e. CaO that could adsorb As(III) in the form of Ca-As-O and the CaSiO3 and C-S-H compounds which behaved as a binder to bind the precursor powders to be stable adsorbent pellet without cracking.
A study on the run length properties of the side sensitive group runs double sampling (SSGRDS) control chart
Authors: Chong Nger Ling , Khoo Michael Boon Chong , Chong Zhi Lin , Teoh Wei Lin
Published: August 2018

The side sensitive group runs double sampling (SSGRDS) chart incorporates the control charting concepts of the side sensitive group runs (SSGR) and double sampling (DS) charts. The SSGRDS chart which combines the efficiency of its basic charts is an effective approach to increase the speed of mean shift detection. The performance of the SSGRDS chart, based on the average number of observations to signal (ANOS), median number of observations to signal (MNOS) and percentiles of the number of observations to signal (PNOS) is investigated in this paper. Based on the results obtained, it is found that the SSGRDS chart becomes more sensitive in detecting mean shifts with an increase in the size of the process mean shift. With the use of MNOS and PNOS to measure the performance of the SSGRDS chart, the entire run length distribution is considered and this leads to a more complete understanding of the performance of the chart. The findings in this paper will provide a clearer picture on the run length properties of the SSGRDS chart which will facilitate practitioners in using the chart.
Intelligent robot of inclined assembly sequence planning in Industrial 4.0
Authors: Chiang Yu Cheng , Yuangyai Chumpol , Cheng Chen yang
Published: August 2018

In the industry 4.0, the Cyber-physical system (CPS) is one of the most important core which makes the manufacturing process more intelligent. Intelligent assembly operation is an important key in intelligent manufacturing of CPS. To complete the intelligent assembly operation, the cooperation between assembly robotic arm and assembly sequence planning (ASP) is necessary. However, the ASP and writing robotic codes manually is time consuming and requires professional knowledge and experience. Because the Local Coordinate System (LCS) is often ignored when checking for interference. If product have inclined interference and without considering LCS and causing and infeasible ASP. Therefore, this paper proposes a LCCPIAS (Local Coordinate Cyber-Physical Intelligent Assembly System) system to achieve three objective functions. First, this paper presents a dual-projected-based interference analysis approach (DPIAA) that analyzes the relations between components. Second, this paper generates optimal assembly sequence automatically to let the assembly sequence more suitable for the robotic arm to perform the assembly operation. The last one is LCS can recognize inclined interference between components and generate feasible ASP. Furthermore, this paper uses CAD model to verify that the DPIAA is faster and consider LCS interference can solve inclined interference problem. In the future assembly factory, the proposed method can help to realize intelligent manufacturing.
Effects of brazing parameters on the microstructure and tensile shear force of copper sheets using amorphous filler metal
Authors: Jattakul Prajak , Kanlayasiri Kannachai
Published: August 2018

In this research, the objective was to investigate and measure the microstructure, tensile shear force, and fracture surface behavior when copper sheets are brazed using Cu-Ni-Sn-P amorphous filler metal. In order to examine the microstructure and its properties, assessment of the Cu-Ni-Sn-P/copper brazed joints was conducted after furnace brazing under an argon atmosphere using specific parameters relating to temperature, holding time, and loading pressure. In order to assess the tensile shear force, tensile testing was carried out. All the joints exhibited sound bonding without voids or cracks, when brazing temperatures reached 680 °C, this resulted in a maximum value for tensile shear force of 696.325 N. The microstructure consisted of both Cu-rich solid solution and a (Cu, Ni)3P phase as a eutectic structure formed in the brazing joint, and then the Cu-rich solid solution was produced as a matrix region around the eutectic structure. Fracture analysis was conducted for brazed joints which showed the ductile fractures after the shear test.
Indirect test methods for the mechanical characterization of building stones
Authors: Forestieri Giulia
Published: August 2018

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of indirect methods to estimate the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of building stones. For this purpose, the results of the UCS test on five types of stones from southern Italy, one igneous and four sedimentary stones are firstly correlated with the corresponding results from Schmidt hammer, point load and UCS direct tests. Then, derived correlations are compared with the equations obtained by different researchers in the mechanical stone characterization.
A comparison of latin hypercube sampling techniques for a supply chain network design problem
Authors: Kaewsuwan Kantapit , Yuangyai Chumpol , Janjarassuk Udom , Rienkhemaniyom Kanokporn
Published: August 2018

Currently, supply chain network design becomes more complex. In designing a supply chain network to withstand changing events, it is necessary to consider the uncertainties and risks that cause network disruptions from unexpected events. The current research related to the designing problem considers network disruptions using Monte Carlo Sampling (MCS) or Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) techniques. Both have a disadvantage that sample points or disruption locations are not scattered entirely sample space leading to high variation in objective function values. The purpose of this study is to apply a modified LHS or Improved Distributed Hypercube Sampling (IHS) techniques to reduce the variation. The results show that IHS techniques provide smaller standard deviation than that of the LHS technique. In addition, IHS can reduce not only the number of sample size but also and the computational time.
Allocation strategy for an ambulance base under traffic congestion
Authors: Nilsang Suriyaphong , Yuangyai Chumpol , Buatongkue Sirisuda , Cheng Chen-Yang
Published: August 2018

One of crucial issues for emergency medical service (EMS) is to reduce response time. However, in metropolis city, a traffic congestion is an obstacle for an ambulance to responsively reach at the scene, then patient mortality and disability rates increase. Traffic congestion is considered as a complex spatial–temporal situation. It is often triggered by repeating factors, such as car lane capacity, weather, and unexpected events. Therefore, a real-time traffic condition is required to effectively determine the location of an ambulance. The current ambulance base allocation strategy model considers only demand point, resulting inability to handle high traffic congestion. This paper proposed a covering model based on traffic congestion (using Google map API) to allocate ambulance bases that covering all demand point, while minimizing the number of the ambulance. In addition, our model was applied to the case study of Bangkok EMS.
Integrating Spatial-Temporal Risk Factors for an Ambulance Allocation Strategy: A Case Study in Bangkok
Authors: Chaicharoenwut Pakinai , Koiwanit Jarotwan , Changpetch Pannapa , Buatongkue Sirisuda , Yuangyai Chumpol
Published: August 2018

Dedicated emergency medical services (EMS) are important to patients’ chances of survival. In particular, the quicker such services arrive at the scene of an incident, the higher the survival rate. Therefore, the management of ambulance bases is an essential aspect of emergency medical services. Further, the locations of ambulance bases are determined based on patient demand. However, in practice, many elements should be taken into account in a risk assessment of given areas within a locale. Specifically, each area should be assessed for the number and severity of accidents that ordinarily take place there, the number and size of the public events it hosts, its population density, and the number of elderly people resident. In this study, we use a spatial-temporal approach to integrate those factors into a risk assessment of areas relative to each other in a locale. Based on this risk assessment, we determine the optimal locations for ambulance bases in order to minimize response time. We validate our approach using Bangkok as a case study.
Polymer based microneedle patch fabricated using microinjection moulding
Authors: Janphuang Pattanaphong , Laebua Mongkhol , Sriphung Chanwut , Taweewat Phatsakon , Sirichalarmkul Anan , Sukjantha Kasiphisan , Promsawat Napatporn , Leuasoongnoen Pimchanok , Suphachiaraphan Somphong , Phimol Kantapon , Isarakorn Don , Tancharakorn Somchai
Published: August 2018

This paper presents the development of a polymer based microneedle patch for transdermal drug delivery application using plastic microinjection moulding. Design and analysis of the microneedle cavities and mould insert used in the injection moulding process were carried out using Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) software. A mould insert with low surface roughness was fabricated using Micro Electrical Discharge Machining (μ-EDM). The injection moulding parameters including clamping force, temperature, injection pressure and velocity were characterized in order to obtain the optimum reproducibility. Solid truncated cone microneedles, made of biocompatible polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), with a round tip radius of 50 μm and 500 μm in height have been realized by microinjection moulding process demonstrating the potential of a low cost, high production efficiency, and suitable for mass production. In addition, a mould insert of cylindrical microneedles fabricated using X-ray LIGA has been proposed.
Application of artificial neural network for design: a case of paper helicopter
Authors: Kiatcharoenpol Tossapol , Klangpetch Tanaporn
Published: August 2018

The design engineering is one of essential work in modern manufacturing environment. The optimization is principal technique to be used widely for searching the solution. However, primary process of optimization is to know the relation between design input parameters and target output. In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) approach as an intelligent algorithm is proposed to construct the relation and also provides it in form of mathematic modeling. Even though the ANN modeling is so call a backblock due to difficulty to understand complicated equations, it is simply constructed by automate iteration process. A case of paper helicopter is used as an example of the application. The classical 2k Factorial design is used to provide an experiment plan to create training and testing data. 93 experiments are carried out. The architecture of ANN is set according to lowest Mean square error (MSE) of training and testing procedure. The result of 5-10-1 architecture has shown ability to accurately predict output, landing time, with MSE of 0.012. With such a highly quantitative accuracy of results, the developed model using the neural network approach can be used for finding the suitable input parameters to achieve a desired target output. In this case, the design of dimension (A) Depth of cut wing is 1.3 cm., (B) Length of wing is 12.9 cm., (C) Length of body is 9.0, (D) Width of body is 2.0 cm., and (E) Depth of cut body is 0 cm. yield the lowest area of a paper helicopter that can meet the target landing time, 2.85 + 5% second.
Automatic virgin coconut oil (VCO) extractor
Authors: Tagle Fabian R.
Published: August 2018

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a vegetable oil extracted from coconut milk that undergone either of the following extraction method: natural fermentation method with heat or without heat, expelling method or centrifugation method. Research showed that the extraction of VCO using expelling method had the highest percent oil recovery with 88.35% and yield of 30-31% followed by centrifugation method with oil recovery of 86.62% and yield of 31% then natural fermentation method with 65.95% oil recovery and yield of 16.5-19%. Even with low percent oil recovery and yield, VCO producers here in the Philippines particularly in Quezon province still employs the natural fermentation among other extraction method of VCO due to its cost-effectivity. The natural fermentation method involves several manual scooping activities in removing the VCO from the other component of the coconut milk which also takes time of waiting for about 24 to 48 hours for the VCO to be fractioned from the coconut milk mixture. This research therefore, focused in improving the natural fermentation method by developing a machine that automatically extracts the VCO from the coconut milk with higher percent oil recovery and yield. The designed machine was evaluated based on its oil recovery, and yield with respect to the current method of extraction. Furthermore, the effects of temperature and maturity of coconut kernel to the machine’s capability of extracting the VCO were carried out. The tests conducted showed that the Automatic Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Extractor had an oil recovery of 89.84%. The study also showed that the yield using the automatic extractor is 31.27%. It was also concluded that it is better to use the Automatic Virgin Coconut Extractor in the area with temperature of 35-37 °C and preferably good coconut kernel should be used for the extraction of VCO.
Improve inspection process in tire manufacturing by using computer simulation
Authors: Sangthong Sathitthep , Woraphu Pattara , Arayikanon Kanokbhorn
Published: August 2018

The purity of this research was to study the feasibility of improving the quality inspection in the manufacturing of tire by focusing on the utilization process. The current plant production is continuous and there are four working groups which can be divided into 3 shifts with 24 hours produced a day (Average production capacity is 350 days per year). Improved quality inspection processes will inevitably result in unnecessary production stops. Therefore, the researchers have proposed a feasibility study on how to improve the quality of the test procedures using engineering and technology techniques. These create models that have the same functionality as the current working condition. The result was found that Model 2 could reduce unnecessary processes and also four workers per shift if the worker's wage was calculated. This model shows a cost reduction of approximately 1.68 million baht per year, as well as utilization process
Effect of forming conditions of poly-lactic acid/hydroxyapatite to tensile strength of canine bone fixation plate using full factorial experimental design
Authors: Watcharaprapapong Pornpailin , Nakkiew Wasawat , Wattanuchariya Wassanai , chaijaruwanit Anirut , Pitjamit Siwasit
Published: August 2018

Problems of using metallic bone fixation plates for canine lead to the idea of the replacement with biocomposite materials. In this research, polylactic acid (PLA) blends with hydroxyapatite (HA) powder 5-15% was used as biocomposite material. The specimens were formed by hot compression molding and the experiment in investigating suitable forming condition was based on the 23 full factorials with the center point design of experiment. There are many types of research attempting to develop a prototype of bone fixation plates from a substitute material including forming conditions, in order to obtain the effective bone fixation plate to use. This paper presents the tensile strength for the proposed biocomposite bone fixation plates. After the mechanical testing on various conditions, the tensile strength results ranged from 40 to 60 MPa and it showed that the higher HA ratio had significant effect to the decrease of the tensile strength. This preliminary experiment reveals the tensile strength of forming conditions of PLA/HA composite, which may indicate a direction for improving the better mechanical properties of the bone fixation plates.
Construction claim problems in Malaysia: from the contractors perspective
Authors: Nor Azmi Bakhary , Hamimah Adnan , Azmi Ibrahim
Published: August 2018

There is high frequency of disputes arising from construction contract claims. Even with the most expert understanding of construction contract and the most reasonable risk-allocation system, claims will continue to present problems if they are poorly managed in practice. The significantly increasing number of construction claims indicates the need for the implementation of an effective construction claim management. This research aimed at surveying the most common problems experienced by Malaysian contractors in construction project. The paper presents the survey results and main findings, which indicate that the lack of site staff awareness to proactively detect claims, inaccessibility or unavailability of relevant documents, and conflicts arising during owner/contractor negotiation are all critical problems associated with the process of claim management. The problems observed from this research could be used to solve or improve the contractors' claim management system.
Construct and control of feet gait mechanisms for walking training
Authors: Suwalai Warawut
Published: August 2018

Gait training or gait rehabilitation is one of the major physiotherapy for stroke patients. Evidently, the robot-assisted gait training, as one part of medical technology innovation breakthrough, has important role in the rehabilitation process. The robot effectively improves treatment outcomes, fast recovery time and better convenience from traditional treatment. Typically, stroke patients are trained to walk on treadmill while a physiotherapist carefully supports and re-correct the gait pattern of the patient. For repetitive and long-time rehabilitation, it is so difficult that the physiotherapist can maintain the quality of treatment consistently. To solve such difficulties, the robotic platform is proposed for automatic guiding the gait pattern for ankle rehabilitation. The robot consists of left and right sides. Each of them is actuated by two linear and one rotational actuator. PID algorithm is implemented for position control of each joint. The experimental results show the tracking error in non-loaded and loaded cases.
Improvement of dynamic characteristics of manipulator driven by a gas-liquid phase-change actuator using an antagonistic drive
Authors: Kato Tomonori , Higashijima Kenya , Kuradome Yusuke , Noguchi Kohei , Ono Manabu
Published: August 2018

The goal of this research is to improve the dynamic characteristics of a manipulator composed of pneumatic artificial rubber muscles driven by gas-liquid phase change. Pneumatic actuators, such as pneumatic artificial rubber muscle (PARM) or rubber bellows, have been widely used in many industrial and research fields. They have merits of being compact and lightweight. However, the large size of the compressor driving the actuator is a problem. To overcome this, the authors researched soft actuators driven by the gas-liquid phase change (GLPC) of fluorocarbon. Fluorocarbon (C5F11NO) is a substance with a relatively low boiling point (50 °C) and a low heat of evaporation (104.65 kJ/kg). The heat of evaporation of water is 2260 kJ/kg. This paper presents the overview of an actuator driven by GLPC. Then, fabrication of a manipulator using the GLPC driven PARM, and details of experiments conducted to determine manipulator characteristics are given. To improve the dynamic characteristics of the manipulator, a force control method using the antagonistic drive of two PARMs is proposed, and experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The role of infrastructure sustainability and success of construction projects on owner benefits
Authors: Krajangsri Thanachon , Pongpeng Jakrapong
Published: August 2018

The infrastructure sustainability and success of construction projects likely influence owner benefits. However, these influences have rarely been examined. Thus, the research aimed to examine such influences and intervening behavior of the success of construction projects between the sustainability of infrastructure and owner benefits using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study finds that there are a direct influence of the sustainability of infrastructure on owner benefits (regression weight: 0.63) and an indirect direct influence of that (regression weight: 0.22) through the intervening role of the success of construction projects. The findings ensure that implementation of infrastructure sustainability projects can enhance the success of construction projects and owner benefits.
Design analysis of a hot strip mill runout table bed under ANSYS workbench
Authors: Mohan Padhy Sudhansu , Sinha Rudrajit , Mishra Ruby , Chandra Mishra Purna
Published: August 2018

A structural analysis has been performed on the setup of a spray cooling system for a model of a hot strip mill. The objective was to design a run out table (ROT) whose length is reduced for a spray cooling system. The setup consists of a bed (ROT) whose height can be adjusted as desired, and a carriage which would be carrying the hot plate, moving along the bed, for experimentation. The CAD modelling was done in CATIA and the analysis was performed in ANSYS Workbench. A prototype of the whole setup was built from the virtual model and was controlled using products from National Instrument Corporation (NI). The analysis is being conducted for the design optimization of the entire setup and its safety.
Blast mitigation by water in a bag on a tunnel floor
Authors: Homae Tomotaka , Sugiyama Yuta , Shimura Kei , Wakabayashi Kunihiko , Matsumura Tomoharu , Nakayama Yoshio
Published: August 2018

Mitigation of blast wave, caused by explosion of explosives, from a straight tube using water in a bag (water bag) was evaluated. The length of the tube was 330 mm and the cross-section area was 30 x 30 mm2. One end of the tube was closed. The water bag was placed on the floor or closed end wall of the tube near the explosive. The thickness of water was 3 mm. A specially designed small detonator, which contains lead azide of 100 mg, was ignited near the closed end wall of the tube. The blast pressure outside the tube was measured and examined. The blast wave was remarkably mitigated by the water bag. Equivalent ratio analysis revealed that the glass beads absorbed 33%-45% of explosion energy.
Influence of grid distribution on CFD model of compressible flow inside the primary nozzle and mixing chamber used in refrigeration application
Authors: Ruangtrakoon Natthawut , Bumrungthaichaichan Eakarach
Published: August 2018

In this study, the influence of grid distribution on CFD model of the primary nozzle and mixing chamber used in refrigeration application was primarily investigated. The only one geometry of primary nozzle and mixing chamber was modeled. The two different grid distributions, fine near-wall grid and regular grid with the identical total grid number, were simulated to investigate the flow phenomena inside the considered system. The appropriate boundary conditions and numerical methods were carefully employed. The simulated entrainment ratios obtained by two different grid arrangements were validated by comparing with the reliable experimental data. The results revealed that the Mach number distributions of these models were different. Further, the outlet total pressure predicted by fine near-wall grid was about 1.3% higher than that obtained by regular grid.
A correlation between pavement skid resistance and wet-pavement related accidents in Thailand.
Authors: Pitaksringkarn Jumrus , Tanwanichkul Ladda , Yamthale Kwanruen
Published: August 2018

This research aims to study a correlation between a pavement skid resistance and wet-pavement related accidents in order to determine the minimum friction threshold so called ’Investigatory Level (IL)’ for the roads in Thailand. An accident database, a skid resistance database and a traffic volume of road network from the department of Highways, totalling 19 routes and 386kilometers, were used in the analysis of this study. In the analysis, 500-meter subsection intervals are used to determine a correlation between an average pavement skid resistance and wet-pavement accident rate using a non-linear regression analysis model. It was discovered that the pavement skid resistance has a major influence on the accident rate, depending on various types of road geometry. Moreover, the preliminary investigatory level is determined by using a past accident rate information as a reference for an investigatory level basis. We discover that the single carriageway (non-event) road is at highest threat due to low pavement skid resistance. The recommended investigatory level for each of the five road geometries all site, single carriageway, dual carriageway, horizontal alignment and curve road categories are 035, 0.50, 0.30, 0.30, and 0.40, respectively, which are in accordance to the investigatory level values in other countries.
Investigation on pile-soil-tunnel interaction due to adjacent loaded pile row by 3D FEM
Authors: Heama Narunat , Jongpradist Pornkasem , Lueprasert Prateep , Suwansawat Suchatvee
Published: August 2018

The effect of adjacent loaded pile row on the existing tunnel is analysed by 3D finite element method. The MRTA project is used as reference case in this study. The case study is divided into two cases, tunnel and pile tip located in soft clay and stiff clay, respectively. The pile diameter of 1 m and pile tip located at the elevation of tunnel crown with various number of piles within the row were considered. The analysis results are shown in terms of total soil displacement (without tunnel) and maximum tunnel deformations. Both total soil displacements and tunnel deformation increase with the number of piles and approach a maximum value when the number of piles is greater than 13 and 11 for cases tunnel in soft and stiff clay, respectively. This reveals that the tunnel deformation mechanism is primarily due to the soil displacement.
A novel device for inclined compaction test on soils
Authors: Promputthangkoon Panu , Kuasakul Tavorn
Published: August 2018

It can be said that the soil compaction test is currently the standard method for obtaining the right amount of water to be added in order to achieve a maximum dry density. Then, the water content obtained from laboratory work, known as optimum moisture content, is utilised in the field for compacting the soil. It should be noted that the compaction test is carried out on a soil sample prepared in a mould horizontally laid. In the field, however, quite often the compaction is done on side embankments or sloping grounds. Hence, using the laboratory result to control the field density for such cases is problematic. Therefore, this study developed a device that could be used to conduct the compaction test concerning the following conditions: (1) compaction is vertically applied to a soil sample inclined at various angles (VC), and (2) compaction is normal to an inclined soil sample (IC). Some initial tests on lateritic soil using both methods developed showed that at the same energy applied the densities are quite different. These results confirm that, in the case of sloping ground, the standard compaction test may not be appropriate.
Polylactic acid (PLA) based green composites reinforced pineapple leaf fibres: evaluation of processing and tensile performance
Authors: Chaishome Jedsada , Supapvanich Suriyan
Published: August 2018

This paper reports on a study of the compression moulding and the vacuum forming of unidirectional pineapple leaf fibres/polylactic acid composites and the influence of process variables on the tensile properties of the material. The characterisation of the micro and meso structures of the pineapple leaf fibres is reported. The effect of consolidation temperature on the fibre thermal stability and the tensile properties of the composites is investigated. The results show that vacuum forming was found to be preferable process with high stiffness modulus and UTS of the composites, compared to compression moulding. The insignificant detrimental effect of 165°C high consolidation temperature was observed. Finally, the fibre thermal degradation seems to dominate the composite tensile performance over its interfacial quality between the fibre and the matrix.
Efficiency of coconut water immersion inhibiting browning incidence on cut-surface of fresh-cut ‘Gala’ apples during storage
Authors: Supapvanich Suriyan , Anartnet Dararat , Krungpree Chutima
Published: August 2018

The purpose of the work was to investigate the efficiency of coconut water preventing browning incidence of fresh-cut product using ‘Gala’ apple as the fruit model. The fresh-cut apples were dipped in coconut water at the concentration of 0, 50 and 100% for 2 min and then kept at 4 ± 1 °C for 7 days. Browning-related parameters such as browning index (BI), browning score (BS), lightness (L*), whiteness index (WI), total colour difference (ΔE*), total phenols (TP), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity were determined. The result showed that visual appearance of the fresh-cut apple was maintained by coconut water dip. Coconut water dip apparently lowered BI, BS and ΔE*increases and maintained L*and WI throughout the storage. The increases in TP and PPO activity of the fresh-cut apples were inhibited by coconut water dips. No significant difference in browning prevention efficiency of the both 50 and 100% coconut water dips was found. Thus 50% coconut water dip is an effectively natural alternative preventing browning incidence of fresh-cut products.
The study of the drying kinetic and the cutting performance in dried betel nut production machine
Authors: Srisang Naruebodee , Srisang Siriwan , Chungcharoen Thatchapol
Published: August 2018

Betel nut kernel is an important raw material in the leather and dye industries. The quality control after harvest is necessary, especially, the excess moisture content may cause the spoilage. Therefore, this research aims to study the betel nut fruit drying using infrared ray combined with the rotated trays. The betel nuts fruits were placed in rotated trays. These trays were installed within drying chamber which had the infrared rod in 2 positions namely the center and wall of drying chamber. The drying temperature used at 80, 100 and 120°C. The revolution speed of tray was set at 2, 4 and 6 rpm. The dried betel nut fruits were cut into 2 pieces at the blade speed of 25, 30 and 35 rpm. The experimental results showed the installation of infrared rods at the center could decrease the moisture content faster than at the wall. The betel nut fruit should use the drying temperature of 120°C for 10 h and the revolution speed of 2 rpm. The blade speed of 30 rpm gave the most cutting performance about 76%. The colour of dried betel nut kernel (L*, a* and b*) did not significantly difference with the commercial betel nut.
Gross calorific and ash content assessment of recycled sawdust from mushroom cultivation using near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Posom Jetsada , phuphanutada Jirawat , Lapcharoensuk Ravipat
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study was to use the near infrared spectroscopy for predicting the gross calorific value (GCV) and ash content (AC) of recycled sawdust from mushroom cultivation. The wavenumber was in range of 12500-4000 cm-1 with the diffuse reflection mode was used. The NIR models was established using partial least square regression (PLSR) and was validated via using full cross validation. GCV model provided the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV), ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD), and bias of 0.90, 445 J/g, 3.19 and 4 J/g, respectively. The AC model gave the R2, RMSECV, RPD and bias of 0.83, 1.7000 %wt, 2.44 and 0.0059 %wt, respectively. For prediction of unknow samples, GCV model provided the standard error of prediction (SEP) and bias of 670 J/g and -654 J/g, respectively. The AC model gave the SEP and bias of 1.84 %wt and 0.912 %wt, respectively. The result represented that the GCV and AC model probably used as the rapid method and non-destructive method.
Behaviors of hydrogen sulfide removal using granular activated carbon and modified granular activated carbon
Authors: Roddaeng Songkiat , Promvonge Pongjet , Anuwattana Rewadee
Published: August 2018

An experimental study on hydrogen sulphide (H2S) adsorption behaviours using amine-impregnated solid adsorbent (GAC/PEI) was carried out for H2S concentration in the range of 200 and 400 ppm. The dynamic adsorptions of GAC and modified GAC (2.0 and 1000 g/L PEI) in a fixed-bed column were investigated by determining the breakthrough curves and adsorption capacities of various adsorbents. The adsorbent exhibits an excellent adsorption capacity of 106.87 and 231.45 mgH2S/g-adsorbent for 200 ppm and 400 ppm H2S, respectively. The H2S breakthrough capacity is found to relate to the surface adsorption and chemical adsorption.
The effect of ethoxylate nonionic surfactants on phase inversion temperature and salinity: an alternative approach for vegetable oil recovery from spent bleaching earth
Authors: Panumonwatee Gitsada , Charoensaeng Ampira , Arpornpong Noulkamol
Published: August 2018

An accurate determination of the hydrophilic-lipophilic nature of surfactants plays an important role in guiding microemulsion formation. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of ethoxylate numbers (EONs) (3, 5, and 7 moles) of nonionic surfactants on a phase inversion temperature (PIT) and optimum salinity based on the equivalent alkane carbon numbers (ACNs) of vegetable oils. Three vegetable oils, soybean oil, crude rice bran oil and crude palm oil, were selected for use as a surrogate oil to represent the residual oils found in spent bleaching earth. In this study, the hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation (HLD) was used to predict the optimum salinity (0-20 %wt.) at various temperatures (25-55°C). The results showed that the ACNs of crude rice bran oil, crude palm oil, and soybean oil were 15.41±0.35, 13.71±0.41, and 17.60±0.28, respectively. In comparison, these predictions with the experimental results, the data showed slight deviations in the optimum salinity with the specific temperature. Finally, the ACN and the surfactant characteristics obtained in this study were combined with the HLD equation and used to validate its practically and utility for guiding the optimum microemulsion formulation.
Photoactivity of Fe and Zn-doped TiO2 in phenol degradation under visible light
Authors: Yodsomnuk Panadda , Junjeam Kanya , Termtanun Mutsee
Published: August 2018

This study developed bandgap energy of TiO2 into the visible region for the photo-activation. The photocatalytic performance of TiO2 was improved when Fe-doping at 2% and 4% by weight, Zn-doping at 2% and 4% by weight, and doping Fe/Zn 1+1% and 2+2% by weight using flame spray pyrolysis as a synthesis method. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the properties of synthesized and all doped TiO2 photocatalysts. To prove the effectiveness, all the modified TiO2 were also compared with the pure synthesized TiO2 by performing photodegradation of phenol under 1hr visible light. The remaining phenol concentration was estimated using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Doped TiO2 enhances smaller grain size, larger specific surface area and narrower the bandgap energy after comparing with the pure synthesized TiO2. Zn-doped leads to large surface area that improved the photocatalytic activity of catalyst. However, there was no significant synergistic effect between Fe and Zn doping. The optimum condition for phenol photodegradation was at about 4%Fe doped TiO2.
Precision test for spectral characteristic of NIR spectroscopy and bomb calorimeter for measuring higher heating value of Leucaena Leucocephala
Authors: Posom Jetsada , Sirisomboon Panmanas , Saechua Wanphut
Published: August 2018

The higher heating value (HHV) plays a significant role in determining of the energy potential of biomass. The method to receive this value using a bomb calorimeter takes a long time approximately of 15 minutes. The implementation of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) technique by generating a prediction model can be replaced the former method in order to reduce time into 2 minutes. Therefore, the precision of both techniques have to be concerned in order to get the reliable values. The repeatability and reproducibility processes were carried out to evaluate the precision of both methods. It was found that the percentage difference of standard deviation (SD) from the mean of repeatability for the NIR was less than 5 % and for reproducibility was slightly over 5 % (but not over than 10%). The SD of repeatability and reproducibility of the bomb calorimeter were 54.6 J/g (0.3 % difference of average HHV value) and 81.3 J/g (0.5 % difference of average HHV value) respectively. The average HHV from the bomb calorimeter was 18,166.77±236.29 J/g. Both techniques showed very low percentage difference of the SD from the mean that revealed very high reliability and precision of measurements.
Meat characteristics from four different cutting parts of Cherry Valley duck
Authors: Chaosap Chanporn , Sivapirunthep Panneepa
Published: August 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the duck meat characteristics in 4 main parts : breast, fillet, leg, and thigh. A total of 30 Cherry Valley ducks were used in this study. They were slaughtered at the age of 42 days. Carcasses were cut and collected the boneless and skinless of breast, fillet, leg, and thigh for measuring meat characteristics. The results showed that fillet and leg had the longest sarcomere length at 6, 12, and 24 hour post mortem (P<0.05). The highest pH was from leg and the lowest pH was from breast and fillet (P<0.01). The cooking loss percentage of breast was the highest while the lowest was from leg (P<0.01). Thigh and leg were tougher than breast and fillet. Shear force value negatively correlated with sarcomere length at 24 hour post mortem and with pH but positively correlated with L* value.
A complementarity-based equilibrium model of biodiesel market, in Thailand
Authors: Khwanpruk Somkiat , U-tapao Chalida
Published: August 2018

This paper presents a complementarity-based model making a decision for energy production in biodiesel market. This model has three strategic players complete against each other on the biodiesel productions. All three players make up biodiesel from agricultural products and they are price-takers. The first player represents producers who produce and sell biodiesel from palm oil. The second and third players produce and sell biodiesel from coconut oil and soybean oil, respectively. The strategic player’s decisions involve quantities of palm, coconut and soybean oil related with the market price. This paper uses operation research to optimize a decision maker’s objectives within the limits of available agricultural products and also provide results for sustainable energy production.
Gut Microbiome in BALB/c and C57BL/6J Mice Undergoing Experimental Thyroid Autoimmunity Associate with Differences in Immunological Responses and Thyroid Function
Authors: Moshkelgosha Sajad , Masetti Giulia , Berchner-Pfannschmidt Utta , Verhasselt Hedda , Horstmann Mareike , Diaz-Cano Salvador , Noble Alistair , Edelman Barbel , Covelli Danila , Plummer Sue , Marchesi Julian , Ludgate Marian , Biscarini Filippo , Eckstein Anja , Banga J.
Published: August 2018

Experimental models of hyperthyroid Graves’ disease (GD) and Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) are efficiently developed by genetic immunisation by electroporation with human thyrotropin hormone receptor (hTSHR) A-subunit plasmid in female BALB/c (H-2d) mice. We investigated susceptibility in C57BL/6 J (H-2b) animals to allow studies on disease mechanisms in transgenic and immune response gene knock-out mice. Higher numbers of female C57BL/6 J were positive for pathogenic thyroid stimulating antibodies, but induced hyperthyroidism remained at a low frequency compared to BALB/c animals. Assessment of hTSHR specific T cells showed reduced proliferation in C57BL/6 J animals accompanied with anti-inflammatory IL-10, with less pro-inflammatory IFN-γ compared to BALB/c. Whilst the orbital tissue from immune BALB/c mice showed inflammation and adipogenesis, in contrast C57BL/6 J animals showed normal pathology. We characterised the gut microbiota using 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to explore its possible pathogenic role in the model. Despite being housed under identical conditions, we observed significantly different organisation of the microbiota (beta-diversity) in the two strains. Taxonomic differences were also noted, with C57BL/6 J showing an enrichment of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) belonging to the Paludibacter and Allobaculum, followed by Limibacter, Anaerophaga and Ureaplasma genera. A higher number of genera significantly correlating with clinical features was observed in C57BL/6 J compared to BALB/c; for example, Limibacter OTUs correlated negatively with thyroid-stimulating antibodies in C57BL/6 J mice. Thus, our data suggest gut microbiota may play a pivotal immunomodulatory role that differentiates the thyroid function and orbital pathology outcome in these two inbred strains undergoing experimental GO.
Perioperative Management of Endocrine Active Adrenal Tumors
Authors: Schreiner Florentine , Anand Gurpreet , Beuschlein Felix
Published: August 2018

Endocrine active adrenal tumors are associated with a relevant risk of complications during surgery, either due to direct hemodynamic effects of the hormone excess or due to hormone related comorbidities. Over the last decades, careful preoperative evaluation and improved peri-interventional medical management of affected patients has resulted in a significant reduction of perioperative complications. In addition, improvement in anesthesia and surgical techniques with the feasibility of laparoscopic adrenalectomy have contributed to reduce morbidity. Nevertheless, there are still several challenges to be considered in the perioperative care of these patients. Due to the rarity of functionally active adrenal tumors, there are no prospective data available to guide clinical management. Accordingly, most recommendations are based on retrospective data analysis, expert opinion or carry weak evidence based on small series or case reports. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge and to suggest practical approaches to reduce perioperative complications in endocrine active adrenal tumors. This review exclusively deals with data from adult patients with functionally active adrenal tumors.
Fallstricke bei der Schmerztherapie von Palliativpatienten
Authors: Himstedt-Kämpfer Bernd
Published: August 2018

Eine adäquate Schmerztherapie ist kein Selbstläufer, sondern kann sich in verschiedenen Fallstricken verfangen. Viele Palliativpatienten haben mit Ängsten zu
tun: Angst vor der Zukunft, vor Symptomverschlechterung, vor weiteren Nebenwirkungen, vor einer Abhängigkeit und vor Sterben und Tod. Häufig werden Schmerzen
auch nicht erkannt, entweder weil der Patient nicht darüber spricht oder weil Patienten nicht zur verbalen Kommunikation fähig sind. Dabei können die
verschiedensten Möglichkeiten zur Schmerzlinderung nur adäquat eingesetzt werden, wenn die Schmerzursache möglichst gut geklärt ist. Beim Einsatz von Opiaten
ist dauerhaft eine begleitende Laxanzientherapie indiziert. Die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Substanzen variiert von Patient zu Patient. Schmerzen
unterschiedlicher Genese und unterschiedlichen Charakters benötigen unterschiedliche Therapien. Allein aufgrund der komplexen physiologischen und
pathophysiologischen Abläufe bei Schmerzentstehung und Schmerzverarbeitung ist eine Kombination verschiedener analgetischer Interventionen indiziert. Weitere
Elemente einer multimodalen Therapie sind z. B. Physiotherapie, lokale regionale Maßnahmen wie das Kühlen oder Wärmen von schmerzenden Körperstellen sowie
pflegerische Maßnahmen wie Einreibungen, Wickel oder Bäder. Da seelische Nöte und Schmerzen sich gegenseitig verstärken, kann psychologische Unterstützung diese
Nöte auffangen. In Zeiten kurzer Verweildauern ist es wichtig, die Schmerztherapie frühzeitig mit in die Therapieplanung aufzunehmen.

Im Folgenden werden häufige Fallstricke aus der klinischen Erfahrung mit Palliativpatienten benannt und es wird beschrieben, wie sie umgangen werden können.
Keine Garantie für bestimmten Operateur
Authors: Häser Isabel
Published: August 2018

Bei Abschluss eines totalen Krankenhausaufnahmevertrages hat ein Patient grundsätzlich keinen Anspruch darauf, von einem bestimmten Arzt behandelt oder operiert
zu werden, sofern er dies nicht eindeutig zum Ausdruck bringt. Hierzu reicht eine subjektive Erwartungshaltung eines Patienten ebenso wenig aus wie eine
unverbindliche Zusage eines Arztes, wenn möglich die Behandlung persönlich durchzuführen. Dennoch sollte von Arzt und Klinikseite darauf geachtet werden, dass
beim Patienten kein falscher Eindruck einer verbindlichen Zusage entsteht, um zukünftige Rechtsstreite zu vermeiden.