bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Risk of Maturation Failure and Access Type on Arteriovenous Access-Related Costs among Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Kosa Sarah D. , Gafni Amiram , Thabane Lehana , Lok Charmaine E.
Published: March 2020

Background

Several studies report lower costs associated with attaining and maintaining patency for arteriovenous (AV) fistulas as compared to AV grafts among patients receiving hemodialysis. However, these costs may vary according to the AV access’s risk of failure to mature (FTM). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of AV access type and risk of FTM on the total costs of attaining and maintaining AV access patency over 1, 3, and 5 years postcreation, among incident accesses.

Methods

All first AV access creations (January 1, 2002–January 1, 2018), revisions/resections, and interventions from a single academic institution were prospectively captured. The units costs (from 2011 in CA$) were estimated primarily through the provincial patient Ontario Case Costing Initiative database. The present value of total vascular access-related costs from a third-party payer perspective was calculated by multiplying specific unit costs by the number of AV access creations, revisions/resections, and interventions from the date of creation to 1, 3, and 5 years post creation. The potential associations of AV access type and FTM risk stratum with AV access cost were examined using log-linear models and generalized estimating equations.

Results

A total of 906 patients were included in the study, of which 696 had fistulas and 210 had grafts. The median present value of total costs to attain and maintain AV access over 1, 3, and 5 years was positively associated with the highest FTM risk stratum in all models. It was not associated with AV access type when the interaction between AV access type and FTM risk stratum was considered.

Conclusions

The costs of attaining and maintaining AV access were increased among patients with high/very high FTM risk. Risk of FTM, related interventions, and costs should be considered when choosing vascular access type for an individual patient.
The Study of the phenomenon of the youth subculture and its place in the cultural and educational environment of the Russian higher education institution
Authors: Kolesnik Elena Andreevna , Stepanov Vladimir Gennadyevich , Pavlova Larisa Leonidovna
Published: March 2020

The article considers the youth subculture from the position of its place in the cultural and educational environment on the example of universities in Tyumen. The authors concluded that the concept of subculture accumulates a certain system of values and attitudes inherent in this or that isolated social community, as well as their ways of behavior and life styles. In the process of analysis it was determined that there was a positive attitude towards youth subcultures in universities. At the same time, the educational environment of universities is not always able to accept the diversity of youth subcultures. In this regard, the authors proposed some areas of interaction between universities and youth subcultures - the introduction of trendy elective courses in the educational space, the development of technical creativity through the maker culture, strengthening the health of students through the introduction of sports subcultures, etc.
Features of financing NATO's armed forces
Authors: Tkachenko Nataliia , Kurmaiev Petro , Seliverstova Liudmyla , Pozhydaeva Maria
Published: March 2020

The aim of the article is to investigate the peculiarities of financing NATO's armed forces.

The following methods were used in the study process: comparative analysis method, correlation analysis, content analysis.

The current state of defense financing in the world and in NATO countries has been clarified. Sources of funding for civilian and military budgets and NATO security investment programs are highlighted. The civilian budget covers staff costs, operational costs, capital expenditures and expenses for the International Secretariat's programs at NATO Headquarters. The military budget covers the costs of operating and maintaining the structure of NATO military management bodies.

The procedure for the payment of direct and indirect contributions to NATO content by the Allies is disclosed.

The tasks of the bodies responsible for financial control over the formation and use of NATO finances are described: the North Atlantic Council, the Resource Policy and Planning Council, the Budget Committee, the Investment Committee, the NATO Independent International Audit Board.

Shares of financing of civilian and military budgets, as well as NATO programs by NATO member countries, the ratio of defense expenditures to GDP in NATO countries, the share of capital expenditures in the structure of defense expenditures of NATO countries are analyzed.

The volumes and structure of defense financing expenditures in Ukraine are compared with NATO countries. It is revealed that during 2014-2018 Ukraine significantly increased the amount of defense financing, at the same time the share of capital expenditures in the structure of defense spending in Ukraine remains insignificant. It is proposed to increase the share of expenditures on military investments and innovations, purchase of armaments and military equipment, construction of military facilities and, at the same time, limit the share of current expenditures on the maintenance of the armed forces.
Improvement of organizational measures to ensure public security and order during the mass events by the National Police of Ukraine
Authors: Mkrtchyan Koryun Aharon , Yamnenko Tatiana Mikhailovna , Holovan Tetiana Georgievna , Zhdan Mykola Dmytrovych
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this article is to identify ways to improve organizational measures to ensure public security and order during the mass events by the National Police. Methods such as structural-functional, formal-logical, modeling, analysis, and synthesis were used in the writing of the article.

The successful implementation of this measure depends largely on organization, relationships between each police authority and unit, rational distribution of forces and resources, early response to the detection of violations and other events, effective coordination, placement of patrol posts and routes. The Department of Organizational Analytical Support and Rapid Response, which ensures within competencies its coordination, planning, control and coordination of actions of all authorities and units involved to ensure public security and order during mass events, plays an important role in the police work in this direction.

It was therefore concluded that: a) improvement of decentralization of the management system of police authorities and units, establishment of the mechanism of its coordination with the territorial police bodies; b) equipping of police authorities and units with modern communication means, GPS-navigators, gas analyzers for identifying the state of drunkenness, video cameras, devices of operational identification, computing complexes etc.; c) developing close cooperation with citizens and their associations, with local communities; d) conducting trainings on keeping public order and providing public security, psychological and physical training, analytical work and more.
Object and subject of staffing of the national police of Ukraine at the regional level
Authors: Martselyak Oleg Volodymyrovych , Karelin Vladyslav Volodymyrovych , Koropatnik Ihor Mykhailovych , Kalyuzhnyi Rostislav Andriyovych
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the article is to investigate the specifics of the object and subject of staffing of the National Police of Ukraine at the regional level based on scientific points of view and regulatory legal acts. Writing the article, the following methods were used: dialectical, logical-semantic, and logical-legal methods.

The relevance of the article is in the need to study the essence of the object and subject of staffing of the National Police at the regional level. The subject of the study is the legislation of Ukraine regarding the requirements for a police officer as an object of the police staffing, including at the regional level. The features of object and subject of the police staffing at the regional level are identified in the paper, as well as the restrictions that are currently placed upon the police officer on recruitment. The guarantees, determined by the law and which the police officer can use during the performance of official duties, are analyzed. The legislative requirements for candidates for senior posts are examined. The powers of the head of the territorial police authority are administrative and regulatory in nature, as evidenced by their rights and obligations.

The authors concluded that the service in the National Police at the regional level is specific, requires professionalism and compliance with the law, which underlines the urgent need to strengthen staffing in this area. In addition, the author’s opinion of the concepts of the object and subject of staffing of the National Police of Ukraine at the regional level is provided due to the results of the study.
Сomputer tools for data collection in the student-sociologist's workshop
Authors: Nardyuzhev Victor I. , Nardyuzhev Ivan V. , Marfina Victoria E. , Kurinin Ivan N.
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the collection and processing of sociological data using mobile and office computers in a workshop of sociological students. The relevance of these issues is due to the fact that new applied information competencies should be formed for the student in addition to his ability to work with questionnaires on paper, work on mobile and office personal computers in local and global computer networks with office programs and Internet technologies at present with mass the spread of computer and mobile technologies, the growth of the functionality of mobile personal computing devices, the increase in the number of developed services about online-survey, in the learning process, a sociologist student. These competencies are associated with the ability of sociological students to prepare and conduct case studies, use modern methods of collecting and preliminary processing of case data using mobile and office computers, apply statistical analysis programs for these data, and prepare final reports.

The article shows how the authors solve this problem, relying on service programs for online questioning of Russian and foreign companies, as well as using their two developed programs. These programs run on Windows and provide a solution to the problems of data collection when filling out questionnaires on mobile and office computers. They are registered by the Federal Service for Intellectual Property of the Russian Federation and for several years have been used in the workshop of

sociological students on personal computers. The article describes an example of the use of these programs in the preparation and conduct of a large-scale case study on the topic "Self-assessment by students of their level of computer literacy."

The purpose of the study is to analyze the methods, technologies, tools and results of a large-scale questionnaire on the topic "Self-assessment by students of their level of computer literacy", on the example of which these competencies can be formed.

During the study, the method of interviewing students according to developed questionnaires and a correlation analysis of the collected data and the results of computer testing were used. When writing an article, a comparative analysis of modern online questionnaire service programs of Russian and foreign companies was performed. In addition, two authoring programs were used, running Windows and providing a solution to the problems of data collection when filling out questionnaires on mobile and office computers. These programs are registered by the Federal Service for Intellectual Property of the Russian Federation and for several years have been used in the workshop of sociological students on personal computers.
THE TREATMENT COST OF END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE WITH HEMODIALYSIS IN THU DUC DISTRICT HOSPITAL
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Lan , Phu Van Hung
Published: March 2020

Background: Treatment of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients resulted in extension of their life expectancy, however they poses a financial burden on patients and their households. The study was conducted at Thu Duc district Hospital with the aim at calculating the monthly medical direct cost of ESRD patients with hemodialysis, and assessing financial burden of the disease treatment on their households.
Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Cost data was collected by interviewing 100 patients dialysed. Financial invoices of patients were used to calculate monthly medical direct costs on the basis of health care payer’s perspective.
Results: The financial burden of the treatmen was measured by proportion out-ofpocket payment from total household income remaining after subsistence needs met. The results showed that the monthly average total medical cost was 9,591,443 VND per person ($5,377US per year per person) in which out of pocket payments of patient was 3,192,610 VND. Out-of-pocket cost was 80.5% of total income remaining after subsistence needs met of the near poor households and exceeded near 7 times of that of the poor households every month.

Key words: end-stage renal disease, hemodialysis, direct medical costs, out-of-pocket, financial burden
THE CURENT STATUS OF SERVICE QUALITY OF HOSPITALS LOCATING IN CAN THO CITY IN YEAR 2014
Authors: Cao Minh Chu , Vo Van Thang , Le Ngoc Cua
Published: March 2020

Backgound and Objectives: The Vietnamese Hospital Quality Standards was enacted in year 2013 to help hospitals assess their healthcare service quality. After one year of use, the study tried to determine the status of healthcare service quality of hospitals in Can Tho city in year 2014, and whether the difference of quality among 3 groups of hospitals and 4 groups of standards or not.
Materials and Methods: The retrospective study was applied to assess the service quality of 22 hospitals including 7 district general public hospitals (group 1), 12 city specialized and general public hospitals (group 2) and 3 private hospitals (group 3).
Results: The mean scores per each standard and hospital were 3.13 and 256.18. The differences among the mean scores per each standard of three groups of hospitals were not statistically significant (p = 0.55).
Conclusion: Hospitals achieved at least the fair level (3 ≤ Scores < 4) of service quality and had no statistically significant gap of service quality among district and city public and private hospital.

Key words: Hospital Quality Standards, Healthcare Service Quality of Hospitals
EXPRESSION OF SOME IMMUNOLOGIC MARKERS AND THE RELATION BETWEEN TUMOUR CELL LINEAGE WITH HISTOPATHOLOGY IN NON - HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
Authors: Nguyen Van Mao , Nguyen Sy Hoan , Phan Thi Minh Phuong , Ngo Van Trung
Published: March 2020

Background: Non - Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the two most common types of lymphoma, accounting for 85% and one of the most ten common cancers in the world as well as in Vietnam. The application of immunohistochemistry besides the histopathology for the tumours cell lineage diagnosis as well as the relation between the cell lineage with histopathology were very important for the prognosis and therapy orientation.
Objectives:
- To describe the gender, location and the malignant grade in patients with non – Hodgkin lymphôma;
- To determine the expression of some immunologic markers, the relation between tumour cell lineage and histopathology in patients with non - Hodgkin lymphoma.
Materials and method: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 60 patients with non- Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed definitely by histopathology and classified as B, T cell by immunohistochemistry at Hue Central Hospital and Hue University Hospital.
Results: The ratio of male/female for the non-Hodgkin lymphoma was 1.14/1, non - Hodgkin lymphoma appeared at lymph node was the most common (51.7%), at the extranodal site was relatively high 48.3%. The intermediate malignancy grade of non - Hodgkin lymphoma was the highest proportion accounting for 85%, then the low and the high ones 8.3% and 6.7% respectively. Immunophenotype by 5 markers including LCA, CD3, CD20, CD79a and CD45RO showed that: the B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma was predominant type (85%) and appeared more frequent as intermediate or low grade of malignancy, T - cell non – Hodgkin lymphoma was 13.3% and under the high orientation of malignant grade, unclassified type 1.7%; There were no relation between the tumours cell lineage and the gender or the original location of the tumours as well.
Conclusion: The application of immunohistochemistry by 5 markers: LCA, CD3, CD20, CD79a and CD45RO was able to divide the tumour cell as the B or T cell of the non – Hodgkin lymphoma which was for for the prognosis and for the better treatment orientation as well.

Key words: Lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, grade, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, cell lineage
PREVALENCE, CHARACTERISTICS AND CAUSES OF INJURIES AMONG CHILDREN IN BUON MA THUOT CITY, DAK LAK PROVINCE
Authors: Nguyen Van Hung , Vo Van Thang
Published: March 2020

Background: In recently years, Accident injuries caused has been serious heatlth problem and one of the most caused of death among children under 16 in the world and Vietnam. The aims of this study to identify the prevalence, characteristics and causes of injuries among children under 16 years in Buon Ma Thuot city, Đak lak provicine. Materials and method: We conducted a cross-sectional population-weighted survey of 2.273 randomly selected households having 4.505 children aged under 16 in 8 communes, Buon Ma Thuot city, Daklak province. Interview technique with structured questionnaire and household observation method were used for data collection. The questionnaires included variables as demography informations, injury number, causes and characteristis of injuries among children under 16 years. Results and discussion: The result showed that 339 children under 16 years aged had accident injury with 353 times (1.04 times/year). The prevalence of accident injuries was 7.5% (3.2% - 11.2%); Injury in male was higher than female (62.5%; 37.5%); accident injuries were lower in Kinh children groups than minority ethic groups. (6.1% – 11.2%). Five main causes of accident injuries were falling (43.6%); traffic accidents (23.2%); animal/insect bit (15.9%); burns (6.8%); sharps objectives (6.2%) and others caused (4.1%). Conclusion: Children are vulnerable object due to lack of knowledge and exsiting potential risks accident injuries caused to children in habitats. Need for safe housing and community were important strategy to prevent from injury among children.
HOSPITAL INFECTION IN SURGICAL DEPARTMENTS AT HUE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN 2015
Authors: Tran Dinh Binh , Tran Dinh Tan
Published: March 2020

Objective: To study nosocomial infections and identify the main agents causing hospital infections at Hue University Hospital.
Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 385 patients with surgical interventions.
Results: The prevalence of hospital infections was 5.2%, surgical site infection was the most common (60%), followed by skin and soft tissue infections (35%), urinary tract infections (5%). Surgical site infection (11.6%) in dirty surgery. There were 3 bacterial pathogens isolated, including Staphylococcus aureus (50%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcusspp (25%).
Conclusion: Surgical site infection was high in hospital-acquired infections.

Key words: hospital infections, surgical intervention, surgical site infection, bacteria
TREATMENT UPPER URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN THE PATIENT WITH OBSTRUCTIVE UROLITHIASIS
Authors: Le Dinh Dam , Nguyen Khoa Hung , Le Dinh Khanh
Published: March 2020

Purposes: Evaluation of the result treatment upper urinary tract infection in the patient with obstructive urolithiasis.
Participants and Methods: 9 patients with obstructive pyelonephritis urolithiasis from October 2015 to May 2016 at Hue Univesity Hospital.
Results: Male:female ratio was 1: 3.5. Median age was 58.59 ± 8.62 years (range 48–71 years). The clinical findings when admitted at hospital were as follows: body temperature 38.82 ± 0.74°C, pulse rate 93.89 ± 11.42/min, respiratory rate 19.89 ± 1.45/min, Systolic blood pressure 126.67 ± 21.79 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 78.89 ± 6.00 mmHg. The laboratory results were as follows: WBC: 14.22 ± 5.7 G/l, platelets 262.67 ± 106.54 G/l, serum creatinine 133 ± 55.5 umol/l, serum CRP 118.94 ± 88.92 mg/l, serum procalcitonin 4.32 ± 9.02 ng/ml. The right-side ureteric stones were found in 6 patients (66.7%), the left-side stones were found in 3 patients (33.3%). The average size of the stones was 23.67 ± 11.88 mm. 9 patients (100%) received transurethral stenting using a double-J ureteral catheter. All patients received antimicrobial therapies. After the drainage of the upper urinary tract and using antimicrobial therapies, clinical and laboratory condition of most of patients was improved significantly (fever had broken, no pain at the lumbar region, kidney vibration was painless).
Conclusions: Upper urinary tract infection in patients with obstructive urolithiasis was urological emergency condition. It is necessary to have early treatment to avoid urosepsis, shock sepsis.

Key words: upper urinary, obstructive urolithiasis
DETERMINE SERUM LEPTIN CONCENTRATION, INSULIN RESISTANCE AND THE RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER FACTORS IN PRE-DIABETES POPULATION
Authors: Tran Minh Triet , Nguyen Hai Thuy
Published: March 2020

Aims: To determine serum leptin concentration, insulin resistance and the relationship with other factors in pre-diabetes population.
Methods: A total 275 prediabetic subjects were included in this study. Collected data were: anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure, family history and history of metabolic diseases. Fasting blood samples were obtained in the early morning and assayed for serum leptin, blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin, lipid profile and hsCRP.
Results: Serum leptin levels were significant higher (4.57 (0.04 – 61.57) ng/mL) in prediabetes group. The prevalence of hyperleptinemia was 41% and significant associated with female gender, overweight, viseral obesity, insulin, HOMA-IR and hsCRP. The prevalence of insulin resistance was 61% and leptin was an independent risk factor of insulin resistance.
Conclusion: Prediabetic patients have higher leptin concentration than normal subjects and hyperleptinemia is associated insulin resistance.
SURVEY SOME OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH REGULARLY HEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Pham Van Hien , Vo Tam , Nguyen Thanh Minh
Published: March 2020

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in patients with end-stage chronic renal failure on regularly hemodialysis. The evaluation of cardiovascular diseases in these patients has not been studied.
Objective: survey some of cardiovascular diseases in patients with regularly hemodialysis at Cho Ray hospital.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Cho Ray Hospital from 2015 to 2016. The survey some cardiovascular diseases are done by clinical examination, tests for diagnostic imaging such as X-ray, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram.
Results: Among 303 patients with regularly hemodialysis, patient age from 25 - 45 accounted for the highest proportion (43.9%). Age group 46-60 accounted for 30.0% rate. The percentage of male and female patients was similar (48.5% and 51.5%). Patients with systolic hypertension were 59.4%. Radiographs of patients with chest cardiac index > 50% was 88.8%. ECG left ventricular hypertrophy based on index Sokolov - Lyon is 55.8%. Echocardiography: patients with left atrial stretch is 38.0%, 100% of patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary arterial hypertension 93.4%, 58.1% of patients with systolic dysfunction, 72.6% of patients with diastolic dysfunction (E/A) and more than 50% of patients with valvular diseases.
Conclusion: Cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic renal failure on regularly hemodialsysis is a cause of death of about 50%, so we should be noted them, especially heart failure after one year.

Key words: Chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis
INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF ARM OEDEMA FOLLOWING MODIFIED MASTECTOMY OF BREAST CANCER
Authors: Phung Phuong
Published: March 2020

Objective: Description of clinical features, imaging finding and evaluated the short-term results of astrocytoma surgery treatment at Hue Central Hospital.
Method and materials: Retrospective study and Prospective study of 30 case of astrocytoma undergone surgical treatment from January - 2015 to February - 2017.
Result: The 30 patients consisted of 20 male and 10 female, whose average age was 39 ± 14.6. Most clinical symptom are headache (76.67%). The most injured region is hemisphere (66.67%) and at the back of the brain (30%). In anatomical pathology: Grade I (40%), Grade II (40%), Grade III (16.67), Grade IV (3.33%). Early postoperative outcome evaluation based on Finn standards: good (86.67%). There was no intraoperative complication.
Conclution: Until now, microsurgery is the best procedure as the result of astrocyctoma resection are good, with a high rate of total resection and a low incidence of complications. Surgical treatment can improve clinical symptoms, indentify type of tumor and guide to accuracy treatment.
REPORT CASE STUDY AND REVEIW LITERATURE: A BENIGN MYOEPITHELIOMA OF THE LUNG
Authors: Phan Thanh Tuan , Ngo The Quan
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Benign myoepithelioma is extremely rare tumor in the lung, there are little cases having been reported in the literature in all over the world, and no report in Vietnam.
Case report: A 33-years woman have fever and dry cough from 6 months before entering the hospital, she were treated at home, her fever was gone but the coughing isnot stop, and increasing dyspnea and chest pain. The blood tests is almost in the normal range. Chest CT-scanner showed the tumor in the central bronchial tubes, endoscopy was defined the tumor made the obstruction for the caliber of the left bronchial and designated to remove it by bronchialendoscopy. Histologically, there was mixed of spindle cells, plasmocytoid cells, epithelial cell and clear cells. No mitotic activity or necrosis was seen. Immuhistochemically, the tumor cells positive for EMA, VIII factor, vimentine, and S100 protein. They were negatives for cytokeratine, desmin, CD31, CD34 and GFAP. The diagnosis was benign myoepithelioma of the lung. The patient recovered well after surgery.
Conclusion: Benign myoepithelioma is a rare pulmonary tumor, used to differentiate when diagnosing for single lung nodules. This tumor usually distinct from pleomorphic adenoma.

Key words: Benign myoepithelioma, lung, lung nodules
REGIONAL CEREBRAL OXYGEN SATURATION IN VALVE SURGERY
Authors: Dang The Uyen , Nguyen Van Minh , Ho Kha Canh
Published: March 2020

Objective: To investigate regional cerebral oxygen saturation values and determine the correlation between regional cerebral oxygen saturation and cardiac output, cardiac index in valve surgical patients.
Subjects and methods: A total of 51 valve surgical patients were enrolled in the study. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation and cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI) were measured during the phases of pre-induction, post-induction, onset of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), during CPB, the end of the CPB and before leaving theatre.
Results: Regional cerebral oxygen saturation when patients breath room air was 63.5 ± 7.7% in right brain and 62.9 ± 6.8% in left one, and in the range from 56.7 ± 10.5% to 65.2 ± 10.5% during studying points. This values was lowest during CPB, 56.7 ± 10.5% and 57.3 ± 9.8% in in right brain and in left one, respectively. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation correlated positively with CO, CI during studying pointsexcept for CPB time.
Conclusion: Baseline regional cerebral oxygen saturation was 63.5 ± 7.7% in right brain and 62.9 ± 6.8% in left one. The lowest values were during CPB. Regional cerebral oxygen saturationcorrelated well with CO, CI except for CPB time.

Key words: Regional cerebral oxygen saturation, cardiac output, cardiac index
Some Results of Experimentation with the Anthropomorphic Robotic System in Remote Control Master-Slave Mode.
Authors: Sorokin Vladimir Gennadievich , Kud-Sverchkov Sergey Vladimirovich , Chebotarev Yuri Sergeevich
Published: March 2020

At present, the requirements for the characteristics of the “cosmonaut-anthropomorphic robotic system-environment” ergatic system, the procedure for evaluating the performance of a cosmonaut-operator when using anthropomorphic robots, proposals for the functionality of this ergatic system and the ways of its application in order to increase the operational quality of existing and future manned space complexes can be determined and substantiated only as a result of carrying out experimental studies using an anthropomorphic robotic system.
Simulation of the Visual Environment and the Mode of Visual Instrumental Measurements on the Dedicated Simulator When Performing a Manual Rendezvous of the Manned Transport Vehicle with the ISS.
Authors: Masalkin Alexey Ivanovich , Ignatiev Sergey Vasilievich
Published: March 2020

The paper deals with issues related to the improvement of software and hardware of the generation, processing, transmission and reproduction of visual information and simulation of visual instrumental measurements. It presents a variant of the functional scheme of the upgraded system to simulate the visual environment in the window (blister) of the inhabited module of the “Don-Soyuz” simulator (rendezvous, berthing and docking simulator) on the basis of existing virtual reality technologies.
Plasma miR-126 levels and its genomic polymorphism SNP rs4636297 in Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Rezai Monireh , Shahbazi Shirin , Mansournia Nasrin
Published: March 2020

Since the variation of microRNAs expression has been described in type2 diabetes, we aimed to evaluate the plasma levels of miR-126 with known roles in the angiogenesis. Genomic polymorphism of miR-126 (SNP rs4636297) was also assessed as it is involved in the processing of pri-miR-126 to mature microRNA.Genotyping of the SNP rs4636297 was carried out by PCR-RFLP using HaeII enzyme. Real-time PCR assay was applied to assess miR-126 expression, which the fold change in gene expression was calculated by the Relative Expression Software Tool (REST). Data analysis was performed using exact-like logistic regression, Fisher exact test and the elrm package with the R software. Our data indicated that the group with BMI greater than 30 was at greater risk of diabetes (odds ratio=14.4, p value=0.00), compared with the BMI=19-25. The mean fold decrease in miR-126 gene expression in diabetic samples relative to normal samples was 0.653 (95% confidence interval: 0.012 - 18.765). All patients with the lowest levels of miR-126, had experienced diabetic complications. Considering the AA genotype as the reference, the odds ratio of diabetic complications for the GG and AG genotype were 1.2 and 1.43, respectively. miR-126 is one of the key factors in predisposition to diabetes and diabetic complication. Since the lowest expression of miR-126 leads to the diabetic complications it can be concluded that genetic predisposing factors should be considered in the management and treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
LEFT REALISM CRIMINOLOGY: BASIS AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Stefanovska Vesna
Published: March 2020

Left realism emerges in the early 1980s as a separate department, or direction within the neo-Marxist critical criminology. It results from dissatisfaction and certain criticisms of the foundations on which critical criminology is built, which left realists call left idealism. Namely, they are called realists because, in their view, crime should be considered in its reality, and the causes that led to criminal behavior should be seriously looked at, which means that leftist realists focus on already experienced realities. Hence, the issues of interest to left realists are the problems faced by certain groups regarding their age, class, sex, race and place of residence. They have some similarities with structural subcultural theories, arguing that crime is a form of subcultural adaptation to lived problems and realities. The basis is that due to material constraints and circumstances, the required cultural goals and aspirations cannot be achieved by legally disposable means. The central postulate of left realism is to reflect the reality of crime, in its origin, nature and influence. This means that crime cannot be romanticized or it cannot be explained as a product of the offender's pathology or other personal characteristics. Real problems related to the crime need to be considered and resolved. In this respect, the issues of left realism are the problems that citizens face, the relationship between the victim and the perpetrator, the geographical distribution of crime, as well as the prevalence of crime in certain social areas and sectors of the community. They are particularly concerned about ignoring the crime that is taking place on the streets by truly disadvantaged and marginalized citizens, as well as the crime that takes place behind closed doors, particularly in the family. So, the perspectives of the left realists are that street crime is a serious problem for the working class, working class crime is primarily committed against other working class members, relative poverty feeds the dissatisfaction and that dissatisfaction, in the absence of political solutions creates crime, and crime can be reduced by implementing practical social policies.On the basis of what has been stated, in this paper we will elaborate the critiques of critical criminology stated by the proponents of Left Realism , a Square of crime that offers appropriate solutions for criminal and social response to crime and perspectives of left realism that predominantly rely on community-based policies.
DIVORCE OF A MARRIAGE IN A MODERN SOCIETY
Authors: Zekolli Shaqiri Kaltrina , Zuberi Emrije
Published: March 2020

Divorce is widespread in today's society, with at least fifty percent of marriages ending in divorce. Over time, society has learned to adapt and reconstruct family life and its functioning. Child rearing is no longer the only factor contributing to the success of a society, and other institutions have now begun to play a bigger role. In modern society, more emphasis is placed on others, such as education, which determines the achievements of the individual which in turn influence the success of a society. However, divorce is still considered taboo because it has negative terms associated with it. The home that went through the divorce process is known as the "broken" home. Despite this negative outlook, more than half of marriages end in divorce. If analyzed from a historical point of view, the reasons for divorce change from time to time. As a matter of fact, from that point of view, the overall development of society at different times, and we can also conclude that the relations within the family and between the two spouses are progressively changing. This phenomenon begins with the marriage itself as a moral, social and legal act and as a natural process, bearing in mind the fact that everything that is born will one day die and that everything that is created in a single time will one day dissolve. The reasons for the birth of the first marriage and the institution of divorce are numerous and varied in nature, ranging from those that are personal and moral-emotional, to the specific socio-cultural development of individuals or different ethnic groups, to other interests. which are numerous and often complicated. Historically, and based on other data, it appears that, depending on the countries themselves and the different civilizations, as well as the different time periods, the reasons for divorce are different; they are often very banal, ranging from occasional resentment, often to a man to a woman, some carelessness in the household, or some word utterly insulting male pride, to other reasons that are closely linked to moral code to some ethnic community or to some civilization. However, and regardless of the circumstances, the most severe consequences, often with severe consequences for their further emotional and psychological development, will be born by the children throughout their lives. With this acceptance, individuals may not perceive divorce as a threat to society because it alters social norms within a culture, as the negative effects are not solely caused by divorce, believing that there are other contributing factors.
GENERAL REGULATION ON PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION. CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE GDPR'S IMPACT ON LEGAL ENTITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA
Authors: Çeloaliaj Merisa
Published: March 2020

Actuality, recent, has made us witnesses of rapid technological developments, as part of the globalization process, which inevitably affect to our lives.Technological developments facilitate our day-to-day life starting from the most common aspects and advancing at the speed of light to more complex processes that the human mind would not have been able to solve in the same space of time and with the same resources utilized. Free movement, downloading different apps on our smartphones, shopping online or the registering on social networks are just some of the activities that each of us performs daily, often without being aware of what brings these activities together is actually an action, which is legally called "processing of personal data of the individual".Often with the help of technology, private companies and public authorities collect personal information from clients, services receivers or ordinary citizens and they use it to an unprecedented extent in the pursuit of their activities and goals. The protection of personal data of individuals is in fact a fundamental right, which is sanctioned by a legislation of particular importance in international and domestic law.Even in the Albanian legal order, the right to protection of personal data is sanctioned by a specific legal corpus. In the context of the particular importance of the sensitivity that personal data bears, the European Union has adopted the GDPR, an improved act that reinforces the level of protection of the individual against bureaucracy and rapid technological developments.This modest paper focuses on the impact of this regulation in Albania on public and private legal entities that collect and process personal data.How will the GDPR affect, as an act focusing on respect for private and family life, housing and communications, personal data protection, free thought, conscience and religion, freedom of expression and information, freedom to perform business, the right to effective protection and fair trial in terms of cultural, religious and linguistic diversity, decision-making and activity of various entities in the Republic of Albania?The structure of this paper includes in the introductory section a brief history of the relevant legal acts, goes on to explain some specific terms and addresses important aspects of the impact on legal entities of the latest European Union regulation in the field of protection of personal data.
CHANGES IN RELATIONS BETWEEN SOVIET UNION AND THE WESTERN WORLD
Authors: Jakimov Gorancho
Published: March 2020

On March 10, 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev was elected to the post of Secretary General of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. When he begins to appear in 1985, Gorbachev will not announce any major reforms, until the 27th party congress, held in February 1986, will not use the word reform nor announce any reforms. His secretary-general will weigh his actions very carefully, and only after removing his main opponents from Politburo can he freely say that "Perestroika" or "Glasgow" is tantamount to fundamental reform. In time, he will realize how much the Soviet Union is in crisis and that if the economic crisis is not taken appropriate measures, it will be felt in every part of life, ie the quality of life and social conditions will deteriorate. It will soon be shown that taking any measures without fundamentally changing the system have only a limited effect and can only serve to mildly calm the situation.The real change can only be made by breaking down the old system that will no longer be effective because the planning economy will be at odds with the rapid technological development and what has happened in the Western world.
THE ISSUE OF SANDŽAK IN THE CONTEXT OF DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION AND THE CREATION OF NEW STATES IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE
Authors: A. Džogović Suada , Šaćirović Dženis
Published: March 2020

The paper introduces the geographic, ethnic and political and legal territory of today's Sandžak. The aim is, primarily, to point out the problem of the status of Sandžak in the context of the democratic transition of the newly established states in the Southeast Europe. The authors indicate that the civilization framework of Sandžak has been systematically exposed for deliberate destruction during the years, which has been manifested by political and sociological changes, distortion of demographic balance and, in particular, by the disappearance of a significant number of cultural characteristics of the Bosniak national substance, all with an aim of suppressing their existence in this region, which is explained by Belgrade and Podgorica strategic influences and plans to diminish its current subjectivity and legal and political status.As a historical continuity in terms of subjectivity, from time to time, Sandžak has changed its status, depending on the context it belonged, and often in unequal circumstances, it existed in different forms as an important center, in the context of history, in all major unrests in Europe and the region. Nowadays, it exists as a region, and its recent division into Northern and Southern part came about following the independence of Montenegro, thus causing an artificial division of this ethnic area.By applying scientific-research, analytical-synthetic and comparative methods, which, as methodological procedures, enable detection, discovery and examination of scientific truth, the paper also pinpoints the consequences of international implications that are still existing. This confirms that the causes should be sought not only in the symbolic democracy of the countries in which Sandžak is currently located, but also in the lack of interest of Brussels towards this region, and in the incompetence of international entities which, by imposing European standards and modern projects, in fact contribute to the destruction of Bosniak identity in this region. Application of the observation method, the generalization method, and the Delphi method based on the logic and the utilization of acknowledged and affirmed opinions of reputable experts in this field have also contributed to this standpoint.From the aspect of scientific predictions, the authors express their view that the process of European integrations in the countries of the Western Balkans will increasingly affect the solution of the issue of Sandžak and the general aspiration of its people for independence.
PREVENTION AND AVOIDANCE OF FIRES WITH INNOVATIVE MEANS IN THE PUBLIC INSTITUTION MAVROVO
Authors: Trpeski Pavle , Ajdini Samir , Mehmedi Almendina
Published: March 2020

Forests are the lungs of the planet Earth. As in all countries, one of the natural treasures of RSM is the forests in our country. protection of forests is the responsibility of state owned forest enterprises and national parks that manage them. Forests today have numerous risks where they are reduced or destroyed and one of the major risks is forest fires which we as a state cannot afford. and we are exempt.Forest fires are the spontaneous and uncontrolled spread of fire in the natural environment. The size of the burned area and the severity of the fire depend on the type of vegetation affected by the fire. The dimensions of these natural disasters are often of such magnitude as are visible from space, such as the fires in Siberian rainforest and the Amazon this year. Characteristic of forest fires is the very rapid spread and sudden changes of direction due to weather conditions.The strategy for combating forest fires includes their prevention to prevent, early detect and suppress and to develop means to effectively combat this type of natural disaster.European Commission reports on forest fires in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa for 2017 say more than 1.2 million hectares of forest and land in Europe have been destroyed - more than the total area of Cyprus.The forest fires killed 127 civilians and firefighters and caused nearly 10 billion euros in economic damage.Mavrovo National Park undertakes fire prevention measures in the area covered primarily by appropriate forest endangerment plans, operational fire protection measures as well as innovative means of drone drone use in the area. as part of the ASPires Advanced Forest Fire Prevention and Early Detection Systems that control the area for early fire warning.The strategy for combating forest fires includes their prevention to prevent, early detect and suppress and to develop means to effectively combat this type of natural disaster.
RESEARCH OF LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE PERSON
Authors: Tatiana Esikova , Sergei Krivykh
Published: March 2020

the article presents a personal approach to the study of legal consciousness. Legal consciousness develops in accordance with the stages of age development in stages, in the following sequence: undifferentiated moral and legal ideas, legal ideas, basic legal concepts, scientific concepts. Legal consciousness is considered from the psychological point of view in the context of the development of a positive attitude to the law not only through the interiorization of legal knowledge, but also through reflection and anticipation. Reflection determines the awareness of the right, allows you to select from the socio-cultural space of the values and meanings of the right, available for perception and understanding of the individual at different age stages. Anticipation allows you to build a generalized image of the world in the legal reality, to predict the necessary-transformation to achieve the ability to realize the right to interiorservice knowledge of law and practice in good behavior. The psychological mechanism of functioning of legal consciousness is social learning reflection and anticipation in the analysis of the legal reality of the student in the education system. Legal consciousness develops as a realistic view of not only the acquisition of legal knowledge, and in the process of social learning, reflection and analysis of personality legal reality, decentration and understanding of the legal field of other people, and based on them build in the process of anticipation of the image of "I – legal person". For the correct process of social learning is necessary purposeful work in the educational environment, starting with primary school age. The study shows that the teaching of legal concepts is quite productive in the educational environment and the cognitive component of legal consciousness is activated at a high level. However, for a positive attitude to the right of the individual and the development of the need for lawful behavior, it is necessary to use the evaluative, moral, creative and regulatory components of legal consciousness. This study revealed significant differences in the influence of external and internal factors on the development of legal consciousness of the younger student. Childhood is the most sensitive period for the beginning of the development of legal consciousness. Legal consciousness of personality of Junior schoolboy is the sphere of individual consciousness, reflects the surrounding reality in the process analysis and mapping of phenomena and events of life with the basic ideas and initial concepts on the law, generating a personal relationship to the events through the prism of perception that lead the consciousness on the fulfillment of legal norms and regulating the child's behavior. In adolescence, legal nihilism appears under unfavorable conditions of development. Types of legal consciousness of a Mature person are: legal realism, legal infantilism, legal nihilism, legal indifference.