bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetics of Normotension Preventing Hypertension Leads to a Novel Physiological Paradigm
Authors: Deng Alan Y.
Published: April 2022

Possessing blood pressure in normal ranges is considered healthy, and does not warrant medical attention for obvious clinical reasons. However, to realize normotension and then maintain it even when confronted with a hypertensive threat must have its biological ‘shield of armour’. While sensitivity to hypertension has been widely recognized and studied, inherent mechanisms that enable a physiological resistance to hypertension to occur have received little attention. Recent advances in normotension genetics have produced unexpected insights. A hypertension ‘suppressor’ likely inhabits the normotensive genome of inbred Lewis rats. This suppressor behaves as a ‘master’ control capable of functionally abrogating the effects of hypertension-promoting alleles from multiple quantitative trait loci. This conceptual advancement lays the foundation for uncovering an anti-hypertension gene. Discovering its identity will assist our attempts at developing innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for circumventing and treating hypertension. This new domain of suppressing hypertension goes beyond the conventional pharmacological treatments of hypertension before symptoms appear. For this purpose, a valid theoretical basis and framework is needed that can interpret the experimental data and produce testable predictions for authenticating, enriching or amending the normotension paradigm in the future.
Relative Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in Breast Cancer Patients: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Wang Chengshi , He Tao , Wang Zhu , Zheng Dan , Shen Chaoyong
Published: April 2022

Aims: To investigate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in breast cancer patients compared with the general female population. Methods: Data was retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. 924,439 female breast cancer patients who were at the age of follow-up ≥30 years and diagnosed during 1990–2016 as well as the aggregated general female population in the US were included. Using multivariable Poisson regression, we calculated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of CVD mortality among female breast cancer patients compared with the female population. Results: The risk of CVD mortality was mildly increased among breast cancer patients at the age of follow-up 30–64 years (IRR 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.10) compared with the general population. This growth of risk reached its peak within the first month after diagnosis (IRR 3.33, 95% CI 2.84–3.91) and was mainly activated by diseases of the heart (IRR 1.11, 95% CI 1.07–1.15). The elevation was greatest in survivors at the age of follow up 30–34 years (IRR 3.50, 95% CI 1.75–7.01). Conclusions: Clinicians should provide risk mitigation strategies with early monitoring of CVD mortality for breast cancer survivors, especially those who were young or with aggressive tumor stage.
Incidence and Outcomes of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting of a Randomized Controlled Trial: A Blinded End-of-cycle Analysis
Authors: Musa Ahmad Farouk , Dillon Jeswant , Taib Mohamed Ezani Md , Yunus Alwi Mohamed , Sanusi Abdul Rais , Nordin Mohd Nazeri , Smith Julian A.
Published: April 2022

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyse the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF), demography, post-operative outcomes including morbidity and mortality, length of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) stay, High Dependency Unit (HDU) stay, and total hospital stay in patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting (CABG) at Institut Jantung Negana (IJN). Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomised, controlled trial. We supplied the treatment group with Tocovid capsules and the control group with placebo containing palm superolein. Results: Since January 2019, we have recruited the target population of 250 patients. However, the result is still blinded as we are still analysing blood samples for tocotrienol levels. 89.2% of patients completed the study with a 3.6% mortality and a 7.6% attrition rate. 35.2% of the patients developed POAF, the mean time being 46.06 ± 26.96 hours post-CABG. We did not observe any statistically significant difference when we compared left atrial size, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, ejection fraction and premorbid history, besides EuroSCORE II (The European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II) status except for older age group, right atrial size, and pleural effusion. There was also no difference in bypass time, cross clamp time or number of anastomoses. However, we noted a significant difference in death (p = 0.01) and renal failure requiring dialysis (p = 0.007) among patients with POAF; those patients also had a longer CICU stay (p = 0.005), HDU stay (p = 0.02), and total hospital stay (p = 0.001). Conclusions: POAF is associated with a higher incidence of renal failure and death while it increases CICU, HDU, and total hospital stay. It remains to be seen whether Tocovid reduces POAF and its associated sequelae. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03807037 (Registered on 16 January 2019).
Saw-Tooth Cardiomyopathy: the Evidence in the First Decade
Authors: Liu Zhiyu , Zheng Yingying , Zhang Jinying
Published: April 2022

Saw-tooth cardiomyopathy (STC), a rare form of left ventricular cardiomyopathy characterized by saw-tooth like myocardial projections extending from the lateral walls towards the ventricular cavity, is a newly discovered cardiomyopathy first described in 2009. Detailed cardiac magnetic resonance can demonstrate multiple dense myocardial protrusions originating from the inferior wall, interventricular septum and lateral ventricular walls, which differ from typical left ventricular noncompaction. STC case reports are increasing since the first discovery. A total of ten cases have been reported. This review focuses on the clinical presentation and imaging features of this disease and analyzes the latest evidence regarding STC. Furthermore, we summarize the clinical evidence from the current decade, which may enhance detection and diagnosis of this disease in the future.
Sodium-glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors in Acute Heart Failure: A Review of the Available Evidence and Practical Guidance on Clinical Use
Authors: Morillas Herminio , Galcerá Emilio , Alania Edgardo , Seller Julia , Larumbe Ainhoa , Núñez Julio , Valle Alfonso
Published: April 2022

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were initially conceived as glucose-lowering agents. However, striking renal and cardiovascular benefits were observed in type 2 diabetes trials. This led to evaluate it in dedicated studies in chronic heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease, which also showed remarkable clinical results. Given this findings, and taking into account the multiple mechanisms of action, the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in acute heart failure seemed promising. Sotagliflozin was the first SGLT2 inhibitor to reduce heart failure hospitalizations within the acute setting in the SOLOIST-WHF trial. Only type 2 diabetes patients were included, with a preserved and reduced ejection fraction. In slightly less than half of the cohort, this medication was started when the diuretic therapy was transitioned from intravenous to oral, during the hospital admission. In the rest of the patients, sotagliflozin was started early after discharge. Empagliflozin proved to be safe, well-tolerated, increased diuresis, and reduced a combined clinical endpoint (worsening HF, rehospitalization for HF, or death at 60 days) when administered within the first 24 hours of an acute heart failure hospitalization in the EMPA-RESPONSE-AHF trial. More recently, empagliflozin showed a reduction in a composite primary endpoint of death, heart failure events, and quality of life compared to placebo in the EMPULSE trial. Empagliflozin was started after the initial stabilization phase, but while patients were still admitted and receiving intravenous loop diuretics. Less than half of the patients were diabetic and two-thirds had a left ventricular ejection fraction below 40%. Dapagliflozin is currently being tested in the DAPA ACT HF-TIMI 68 trial, which plans to enroll 2400 patients admitted with acute heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. We envision SGLT2 inhibitors as a useful tool in acute heart failure syndrome given the additive diuretic effect, and minimal impact on blood pressure, kidney function, and electrolytes. Its dosage schedule is simple and can help initiation and tolerance of other medical therapy. However, there is an increased risk of genital infections and euglycaemic ketoacidosis. Notwithstanding, once critically ill and fasting patients are excluded, early administration of SGLT2 inhibitors is safe. This review summarizes the development of SGLT2 inhibitors and the available evidence supporting their use during an acute heart failure admission. We also propose a practical guideline for in-hospital initiation and monitoring.
The Effect of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Abdelazeem Basel , Abbas Kirellos Said , Ahmad Soban , Raslan Hasan , Labieb Fatma , Savarapu Pramod
Published: April 2022

Background: Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy has been evaluated to slow down the disease progression in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but there is scarce evidence available to date. Therefore, our meta-analysis aimed to explore the efficacy of ARB therapy as a potential disease-modifying treatment in patients with HCM. Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane library, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases from inception to December 13th, 2021. We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The quality of included studies was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. Primary outcomes included the reduction in left ventricular mass and improvement in other echocardiographic features of myocardial dysfunction. The secondary outcome was a net reduction in systolic blood pressure. Meta-analysis was performed using pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of 1286 articles were screened. Seven RCTs met the inclusion criteria representing a total of 397 patients with HCM (195 patients were in the ARB group). ARB treatment was associated with significant reduction in left ventricular mass (SMD: –0.77; 95% CI: –1.40, –0.03; p = 0.04). ARB therapy was also associated with a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SMD: –0.33; 95% CI: –0.61, –0.05: p = 0.02). Conclusions: ARB therapy is associated with a marked reduction in left ventricular mass and systolic blood pressure in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We recommend further studies with a larger patient population size to confirm the findings of our meta-analysis. Clinical Trial Registration: OSF Registries, DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/DAS7C.
The Predictive Value of Carotid Artery Strain and Strain-Rate in Assessing the 3-Year Risk for Stroke and Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Arnăutu Sergiu Florin , Morariu Vlad Ioan , Arnăutu Diana Aurora , Tomescu Mirela Cleopatra
Published: April 2022

Purpose: The goal of this study is to see if carotid strain and strain rate can predict major cardio-vascular events (MACE) in people who have metabolic syndrome (MS) over a 3-year period of time. Methods: In this prospective observational research, we enrolled 220 adult MS patients (60.7 ± 7.5 years old, 53% male). Two-dimensional common carotid carotid artery (CCA) speckle-tracking ultrasound was used to determine the peak circumferential strain (CS) and the peak circumferential strain rate (CSR). Clinical outcomes were assessed throughout a three-year follow-up period. Results: After a 3-year follow-up period follow-up, 14 (7%) experienced MACE: Eight (4%) suffered an atherothrombotic ischemic stroke, four (2%) had acute coronary syndrome, and two (1%) were hospitalized for heart failure. Univariate regression analysis of the clinical and echocardiographic features of the MS patients found that age, systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and the CCA circumferential strain and strain rate were significantly associated with the risk of MACE. Multivariate logistic regression identified two independent predictors of MACE in patients with MS, namely the CCA-related CS (%) and CSR (1/s), p < 0.01. The Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses of these independent predictors of MACE indicated appropriate sensitivities and specificities. CS (AUC = 0.806, sensitivity = 82.6%, specificity = 79.2%, p < 0.0001) and CSR (AUC = 0.779, sensitivity = 82.6%, specificity = 72.4%, p < 0.0001) with cut-off values of ≤2.9% for carotid CS and ≤0.35 s-1 for carotid CSR. Using these cut-off values, we obtained Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and these showed that MACE, ischemic stroke, and ACS-free survival was significantly lower among the MS patients with lower carotid CS and CSR (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Carotid CS and CSR were independent predictors of major cardio- and cerebro-vascular events in prospectively monitored MS patients without established cardiovascular disease. Carotid deformation could be valuable as an early prognostic indicator for the cardiovascular risk in this population group.
Otoriter Neoliberalizmin Gölgesinde: Kent, Mekan, İnsan
Authors: ÖZBAY TARHAN Işıl
Published: April 2022

Şerife Geniş tarafından derlenen Otoriter Neoliberalizmin Gölgesinde: Kent, Mekan, İnsan isimli kitap; dünyada 2008 krizi ortaya çıkan otoriter neoliberalleşme sürecinin Türkiye kentlerindeki etkilerini mercek altına alan makaleleri bir araya getiriyor. Kitaptaki makaleler otoriter neoliberalizmin kentlerdeki yıkıcı etkilerini çok çeşitli olgular üzerinden ele alan makaleleriyle, içinden geçtiğimiz bu dönemi kavramaya yönelik son derece geniş bir perspektif sunuyor. Bir yandan, son günlerde yaşanan ekonomik krizle birlikte daha da yakıcı hale gelen barınma, gıda, eğitim, sağlık vb. hizmetlere erişim gibi, kentlerde yaşayan insanların gündelik hayatlarının temel sorunlarının yapısal faktörlerle ilişkilerini açığa çıkarırken diğer yandan mülksüzleşme, soylulaştırma, piyasalaştırma gibi neoliberal dönemi tarif eden kavramların kentlerdeki somut izdüşümlerini ortaya koyarak neoliberalizmin Türkiye kentlerinde nasıl ete kemiğe büründüğünü gösteriyor.
Manajemen Koperasi
Authors: Dahlia
Published: April 2022

Koperasi merupakan sebuah lembaga keuangan yang cukup populer di Indonesia, terutama di kalangan masyarakat bawah dan menengah. Koperasi utamanya mulai populer semenjak era Presiden Suharto. Menurut UU No. 25/1992, Koperasi didefinisikan sebagai: “Badan usaha yang beranggotakan orang seorang, atau Badan Hukum Koperasi, dengan melandaskan kegiatannya berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip Koperasi sekaligus sebagai gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasarkan azas kekeluargaan”. Sedangkan Moh. Hatta, yang notabene merupakan Bapak Koperasi Indonesia, mendefinisikan Koperasi sebagai berikut : “Koperasi adalah usaha bersama untuk memperbaiki nasib penghidupan ekonomi berdasarkan tolong menolong”. Sedangkan manajemen adalah Guna mencapai tujuan Koperasi, perlu diperhatikan adanya sistim Manajemen yang baik. Sedangkan ketika kita berbicara tentang manajemen koperasi, selain definisi atau makna dari koperasi, maka kita perlu tahu arti kata manajemen. Dalam literatur banyak cara orang mendefinisikan manajemen. Meskipun berbeda-beda di dalam mendefinisikan pengertian manajemen pada umumnya mereka menyetujui unsur dasar dan tujuan yang sama dari manajemen. G. Terry mendefinisikan bahwa : “Manajemen adalah suatu proses tertentu yang terdiri dari perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan pengawasan penggunaan suatu ilmu dan seni yang bersama-sama menyelesaikan tugas untuk mencapai tujuan”. Lebih lanjut G. Terry menjelaskan fungsi-fungsi Manajemen sebagai berikut: a. Planning (Perencanaan) b. Organizing (Pengorganisasian) c. Actuating (Penggerakan untuk bekerja) d. Controlling (Pengawasan/Pengendalian)
Resume Konsep dan Teori Uang dalam Ekonomi Islam
Authors: K Khelvin.
Published: April 2022

Dalam ekonomi Islam, uang memiliki fungsi utama sebagai alat tukar (medium of exchnges) dan alat satuan hitung (unit of account). Meskipun pada prakteknya tetap diperbolehkan untuk menggunakan uang sebagai penyimpan nilai dan standar pembayaran yang ditangguhkan, selama tetap menganggap uang hanya sebatas alat tukar, bukan komoditas yang diperdangkan.
HUBUNGAN DAN PEMBAGIAN KERJA DALAM PENGELOLAAN KOPERASI
Authors: Dahlia
Published: April 2022

Koperasi sebagai badan usaha dapat melaksanakan kegiatan di segala bidang kehidupan ekonomi, dengan memperhatikan bahwa usaha tersebut adalah usaha yang berkaitan dengan kepentingan naggota untuk meningkatkan usaha dan kesejahteraannya. Manajemen merupakan salah satu bagian penting dari organisasi koperasi. Berhasil tidaknya suatu koperasi sangat tergantung pada mutu dan kerja dalam bidang manajemennya. Apabila orang-orang manajemen itu memiliki kejujuran, kecakapan dan giat dalam bekerja maka besarlah kemungkinan koperasi akan maju pesat dan setidak-tidaknya mampu menanggulangi terjadinya kebangkrutan.Tetapi sebaliknya,orang-orang manajemen yang tidak cakap,kurang atau tidak berwibawa tentulah koperasi akan mundur atau tidak semaju seperti yangdiharapkan.
Extending clothing lifecycle and enhancing disposal methods for a UK consumer sample
Authors: AbdelMohsen Shahd
Published: April 2022

In the UK, although the average lifecycle of clothing items is 2.2 years, approximately 30% of purchased clothing are used for less than a year, leading to an estimated £140 million worth of under-used clothing in landfills. The previous statistic highlights the importance of extending clothing lifecycle and enhancing disposal methods as a fundamental aspect of sustainable consumption. While the majority of research is concerned with the motivation behind sustainable fashion consumption, there is a lack of research on what motivates those who are not environmentally conscious to use a clothing item for longer, and sustainably dispose of it. Consequently, this research identifies the valued product attributes (such as material quality and trendiness) that promote or impede these sustainable practices, regardless of consumers’ environmental awareness. These product valuations will be broadly defined as the attributes consumers prioritise in the process of choosing (fashion) products. Moreover, this research utilises the consumer decision process model to highlight moments of the purchase process that have the highest impact on sustainable behaviour. Lastly, dual-systems theory, a model which is a continuum of automatic intuitive judgements and actions to reflective analytical judgements and actions, is used to determine whether COVID-19 2021 lockdown’s disruption of habitual consumption processes affected sustainable practices. The previous reflects the academic interest in the pandemic, and the associated lockdowns, as a moment of change for sustainable behaviour.
manajemen koperasi
Authors: Ahmad Rahmayani
Published: April 2022

Makalah ini berjudul manajemen koperasi, dalam hal ini penulis mengkaji tentang apa itu manajemen koperasi dan perangkat yang ada di dalamnya. Koperasi sendiri merupakan badan usaha yang beranggotakan orang seorang atau badan hukum koperasi dengan menlandaskan kegiatannya berdasarkan prinsip koperasi sekaligus sebagai gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berasaskan kekeluargaan. Tujuan di buatnya makalah ini ialah selain untuk pemenuhan tugas dari mata kuliah yang bersangkutan tentunya untuk lebih menambah pengetahuan di bidang manajemen koperasi.
Investigation of the Effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Model in Teaching the Concepts of "Heat, Temperature and Pressure" and the Effects of the Activities on the Development of Scientific Process Skills
Authors: Gürses Ahmet , Şahin Elif , Güneş Kübra
Published: April 2022

This study aims to reveal the effectiveness of the problem-based learning (PBL) model in teaching the concepts of heat, temperature and pressure, as well as the effect of the activities on the development of scientific process skills. For this purpose, the change in the academic achievement levels of the students constituting the sampling group was tried to be determined with a pilot application designed based on this model. The research was carried out on a single group based on a pretest-posttest applied quasi-experimental design. Teaching activities addressing the concepts of heat, temperature and pressure and designed according to the PBL model were carried out in a private school over a two-week period. In this context, a unique problem situation was designed, in which two brothers watched and discussed the volume changes of small and large inflated balloons with the effect of temperature, and student-centered activities were carried out, in which demonstration, lecture, question-answer and discussion methods were dominantly used. The problem situation, which includes important connections such as gas, gas pressure, temperature and heat concepts, the relationship between heat and temperature, and the relationship between temperature and pressure, which are known to be quite difficult to understand by 8th-grade students, were implemented sequentially in a single scenario. From the pretest-posttest results, it was determined that there was a significant positive difference in the academic achievement levels of the students constituting the sampling group after the application, and there was a very large difference between the pretest-posttest scores (66.0-92.5). As a result, it can be said that very striking results can be achieved in understanding the selected concepts and the relations between them, with the scenario and appropriate teaching activities designed in a sufficient time based on the problem-based teaching model, and especially the effective and interactive use of demonstration and question-answer methods. Moreover, the results of the pre-test and post-test related to the integrated science process skills test showed that the application in question led to a positive and significant difference in the scientific process skills of the students.
Values and Inequality: Prosocial Jobs and the College Wage Premium
Authors: Wilmers Nathan , Zhang Letian
Published: April 2022

Employers often recruit workers by invoking corporate social responsibility, organizational purpose, or other claims to a prosocial mission. In an era of substantial labor market inequality, commentators typically dismiss these claims as hypocritical: prosocial employers often turn out to be no more generous with low-wage workers than their competitors are. In this paper, we argue that prosocial commitments in fact inadvertently reduce earnings inequality, but through a different channel than generosity. Building on research on job values, we hypothesize that college graduates are more willing than nongraduates to sacrifice pay for prosocial impact. So when employers appeal to prosocial values, they can disproportionately reduce pay for higher-educated workers. We test this theory with data on online US job postings. We find that prosocial jobs requiring a college degree post lower pay than standard postings with exactly the same job requirements, whereas pay at prosocial jobs not requiring a college degree pay no differently from other low-education jobs. This gap reduces the aggregate college wage premium by around 5 percent. We present a variety of supplementary evidence using labor market data, worker survey responses, and a vignette experiment with hiring managers. The findings reveal an unintended consequence of employers' embrace of prosocial values: it offsets macro-level inequality.
Why a Transition to Renewable Energy On Its Own is Not a Solution to the Climate Emergency.
Authors: Blaber Richard Michael
Published: April 2022

It is often argued, by both climate scientists and activists, that there are straightforward solutions to the climate emergency, which only require the political will to implement them from governments beholden to the fossil fuel industry; namely, a transition from fossil fuels to energy entirely produced by renewable means, improving energy efficiency, and ending deforestation and the destruction of wetlands. We shall show that more than this is required, but that this ‘more’ may very well be more than the climate scientists and activists themselves can stomach.
Multiple bone fractures with a hidden aetiology-A case report
Authors: Jayalakshmy P. Sankaran , Thunoli Sreelekshmi K. , Siddeeque Asiq N.
Published: April 2022

A patient presented with fracture of multiple bones, on investigations, showed primary hyperparathyroidism due to an adenoma in the inferior parathyroid gland. The bones showed typical changes of hyperparathyroidism in the form of osteitis fibrosa. The cause for the bone lesion was not evident initially and the patient had to undergo extensive investigations for myeloma and metastatic deposit, since parathyroid cause was not at all suspected by the clinician. This case indicates that whenever one deals with bone pathology, parathyroid lesions as a cause should also be thought of and appropriate workup should be done for an early diagnosis and treatment.
A study of serum calcium, phosphorous and magnesium level in hypothyroid cases
Authors: Dhungana Arun , Shreevastva Naveen , Pant Subash , Pokharel Baburam
Published: April 2022

Background: Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder occurred either due to its impaired activity or hormonal deficiency. Trace elements are required as a cofactor for many enzymes in various metabolic pathways which are regulated by thyroid hormone. Hence, thyroid disorders are linked with disturbances in various metabolisms. So, the purpose of this study is to evaluate whether serum calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus level are deranged or not in hypothyroid cases.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was carried out in a total of 112 cases of hypothyroid and euthyroid subjects aged 20-50 years involving both male and female individuals. Thyroid function test, serum calcium, phosphorous and magnesium activities were measured in both the study population.
Results: Serum calcium was significantly lower while serum phosphorous and magnesium levels were significantly higher in hypothyroidism (p<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and calcium (r-value -0.282, p0.035) while, there was a significant positive correlation between TSH and serum phosphorous and magnesium (r-value 0.593, p<0.001) and (r-value 0.513, p<0.001) respectively.
Conclusions: Our study, suggests that there was a significant change in the levels of serum calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium in thyroid dysfunction. Assessing the level of serum calcium and phosphorous can be fairly used as an index of bone resorption. So, preventive measures like supplementation of minerals can be initiated early in those who are at risk of rapid bone loss and to prevent osteoporotic fractures.
Histopathological pattern of adult renal tumours in a tertiary cancer center
Authors: Bhatta Ranjan , Pandey Greta , Jha Nandita Kumari , Bastakoti Shankar , Dhungana Ishan , Upreti Suraj
Published: April 2022

Background: Renal tumours are 16th most common malignancies in the world accounting for 2.2% of all new malignancies and 1.8% of all cancer deaths. Histopathological classification of renal tumours along with tumour grade and stage is proven to have prognostic value.
Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in Department of Pathology at B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital Bharatpur from January 2017 to December 2019 including cases of partial and radical nephrectomies of patients more than sixteen years of age.
Results: Total 78 nephrectomy specimens were received out of which 70 (89.7% consisted of malignant tumour and 8 (10.3%) were benign lesions. Clear cell type renal cell carcinoma was the most common malignant tumour consisting of 57 (81.4%) cases of renal cell carcinoma, followed by papillary type 9(12.9%), Cchromophobe (4.3%) and one case (1.3%) of multiloculated cystic renal neoplasm was noted. Renal cell carcinoma was seen in age range of 26 to 80 years with majority of patients more than 50 years of age, while a small peak (14.3%) was noted in female patients of 31 to 40 years of age.
Conclusions: This study found increased incidence of renal cell carcinoma among female patients of 31 to 40 years of age in contrast to studies done in the Western population.
Antifungal susceptibility test of biofilm-producing pathogenic Candida albicans isolated from oral cavity of type II diabetic patients and non-diabetic individuals
Authors: Shrestha Bijay Kumar , Shakya Jenish , Tumbahangphe Manita , Khanal Hemanta , Dhungana Bidhya , Shrestha Romika , Dhakal Kabita , Chauhan Sujata , Ghimire Santoshi , Limbu Jyoti , Limbu Kaushila
Published: April 2022

Background: Candida albicans are found in the mucous membranes of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and female genital systems as part of the natural flora. Diabetic people are more susceptible to Candida albicans infections due to elevated blood glucose and the immune system's failure in fungus eradication. This study aimed to look at Candida carriage and antifungal susceptibility testing of biofilm-producing Candida albicans isolated from the oral cavity of type II diabetic patients and non-diabetic individuals.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical laboratory-based study carried out in Dharan Sub-Metropolitan city from June 2018 to November 2018. The 10 mL oral rinse was collected from 50 diabetic patients and 50 healthy control participants. Isolation, identification, biofilm assay, and antifungal susceptibility test of Candida albicans were performed by the conventional microbiological procedure. Statistical analysis was used to determine the association between variables.
Results: The Candida carriage was significantly higher in diabetic patients 58% (29/50) than in healthy (control) groups 26% (13/50) (p=0.001). In the antifungal susceptibility test of Candida albicans isolated from diabetic patients, 18.75% isolates were sensitive, 81.25% isolates were resistant to fluconazole, 43.75% isolates were sensitive, and 56.25% isolates were resistant to amphotericin-B. The biofilm formation and fluconazole drug resistance were found to be statistically significant (p=0.029).
Conclusions: The findings concluded the highest colonization of oral Candida in diabetic patients than in healthy (control) individuals. Emerging antifungal drug resistance is even associated with biofilm formation, which requires the importance of displaying an antifungal susceptibility profile before antifungal therapy.
Prevalence of skin cancer based on skin biopsies in Bir hospital, Nepal
Authors: Tiwari Sumida , Koirala Pradip , Shrestha Sujan , Parajuli Niraj
Published: April 2022

Background: Cancer, one of the most dreaded non-communicable diseases has become an important contributor to the global burden of diseases. The incidence of skin cancer is rising. Clinical history, physical examination, laboratory investigations including biopsy are different modalities for the diagnosis of the disease. This study aimed to find the prevalence of skin cancer among patients visiting Bir hospital.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in the National Academy of Medical Science, Bir Hospital from Baishakh 1st 2071 to 30th Poush 2075. It included all the skin malignancies and pre-invasive lesions received and diagnosed in the Department of Pathology.
Results: A total number of 1555 skin biopsies were obtained in the past five years where we diagnosed a total of 165 (10 %) cases as malignant which included the premalignant cases too. The most affected age group was 66 to 75 years (29 %) with 55% male and 45%females. Our data showed head and neck was the most common site occupying 67% of the total case followed by lower limbs 15%. Our study also revealed that 40% of malignant cases were basal cell carcinoma which was followed by squamous cell carcinoma comprised 36% and malignant melanoma(15%).
Conclusions: In this study, basal cell carcinoma was the most common malignancy followed by squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. Head and neck was the most common site.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Quality Assurance (QA) Pada Jurusan Teknik Elektro Politeknik Negeri Pontianak
Authors: Latifah Latifah , Rahayu Wiwit Indah , Bibi Sarah , Hadikusuma Muhammad Ilyas
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk merancang bangun sistem informasi quality assurance (QA) pada Jurusan Teknik Elektro Politeknik Negeri Pontianak. Selama ini proses pengolahan data kinerja dosen masih dilakukan dengan cara konvensional yaitu menggunakan media kertas dalam melakukan penilaian kinerja dosen. Hal ini tentu saja menyita waktu dan tenaga lebih banyak. Pada prosesnya mahasiswa diberikan kuisioner yang harus di isi untuk melakukan penilaian terhadap kinerja dosen dan teknisi yang ada. Setelah itu kuisioner tersebut akan di kumpulkan dan di olah nilainya sampai mendapat nilai akhir.

Karena itulah diperlukan sebuah sistem informasi yang dapat membantu pejabat QA untuk melakukan pengolahan data kinerja dosen dan teknisi pada Jurusan Teknik Elektro Polnep. Aplikasi yang di buat menggunakan metod Rapid Application Development (RAD) yang terdiri dari perencanaan kebutuhan, desain pengguna, konstruksi dan implementasi. Sistem informasi ini dikembangkan dengan  menggunakan CodeIgniter,  Bootstrap dan MySql sebagai database.

Diharapkan mahasiswa nantinya dapat melakukan penilaian dengan cara mengakses web yang telah disediakan secara online. Setelah itu aplikasi akan dapat langsung memproses penilaian yang telah di isi oleh mahasiswa secara otomatis dan akan langsung menampilkan hasilnya. Dengan adanya sistem ini data penilaian kinerja dosen juga akan tersimpan dan terorganisir dengan baik. Sehingga dapat di jadikan bahan analisis dan evaluasi untuk perbaikan kinerja dosen ke depannya.
Dynamic turn in epistemic logic
Authors: Козаченко Надія Павлівна
Published: April 2022

Популяризація спеціалізованих наукових знань необхідна і для цього можна вказати мінімум 2 причини. Перша: популярний і доступний виклад наукових здобутків виконує агітаційну та профорієнтаційну роль, заохочуючи молодь займатися дослідженнями в певних областях знань. Друга: науково-популярний спосіб представлення знайомить з загальними способами наукового дослідженнями, принципами побудови наукового знання, методами його отримання, обґрунтування, систематизації та використання. За словами Й. Ван Бентема, логіку варто було б розуміти не як останню інстанцію, якій належить заключне слово в будь-якій дослідницькій справі, а як засіб підвищення якості наших уявлень про інформацію, обчислення і мислення, і як певний вимір в процесі аналізу і конструювання. Треба зважати на здатність логіки породжувати нові раціональні практики з новими правилами і навіть, можливо, новими типами суб'єктів. Логічне програмування, процедури аргументації, логічні ігри і багато інших нових феноменів явно показують, що діяльнісний вимір логіки є життєздатним і продуктивним модусом буття самої логіки. Таким чином, завдання цієї лекції — представити сучасний напрямок епістемічної логіки як механізм аналізу, який зокрема може бути використаний неспеціалістами (не логіками) у своїй професійній дільності та більш того у повсякденному спілкуванні.
Историческое знание и историческая действительность: в защиту "внутреннего реализма" (часть вторая)
Authors: Лоренц Крис , Панафидина О.П.
Published: April 2022

В статье рассматривается одна из ключевых теоретико-познавательных проблем – проблема соотношения знания и действительности — в ее экспликации применительно к специфике исторического познания. Автор обосновывает концепцию«внутреннего реализма» для исторической науки и демонстрирует, каким образом эта концепция помогает преодолеть ограниченность подходов объективизма и релятивизма в интерпретации исторического знания. Вводится понятие «практический интерес истории», что позволяет рационально объяснить нормативное измерение истории и по-новому подойти к рассмотрению проблемы соотношения фактов и ценностей. Основные положения своей концепции автор иллюстрирует и обосновывает на материале так называемого Historikerstreit – известного спора немецких историков о характере и методах исторического исследования событий Второй мировой войны.
Историческое знание и историческая действительность: в защиту "внутреннего реализма" (часть третья)
Authors: Лоренц Крис
Published: April 2022

В статье рассматривается одна из ключевых теоретико-познавательных проблем – проблема соотношения знания и действительности — в ее экспликации применительно к специфике исторического познания. Автор обосновывает концепцию«внутреннего реализма» для исторической науки и демонстрирует, каким образом эта концепция помогает преодолеть ограниченность подходов объективизма и релятивизма в интерпретации исторического знания. Вводится понятие «практический интерес истории», что позволяет рационально объяснить нормативное измерение истории и по-новому подойти к рассмотрению проблемы соотношения фактов и ценностей. Основные положения своей концепции автор иллюстрирует и обосновывает на материале так называемого Historikerstreit – известного спора немецких историков о характере и методах исторического исследования событий Второй мировой войны.
Является ли философия мировоззрением?
Authors: Абдула Андрій Іванович
Published: April 2022

Розглядається світоглядна інтерпретація філософії, оцінюються її перспективи і потенціал, зіставляються світоглядний і науковий підходи в розумінні філософії.
Соціокультурні альтернативи раціональності
Authors: Балута Галина Анатоліївна
Published: April 2022

Життєва реальність людини не може бути осягнена тільки за допомогою раціональних методів. Знання може розглядатися як «стереотипна конфігурація» комунікативних та соціальних практик, результат мовних ігор з їх множинними логіками. У такому представленні формальна раціональність не гарантує дійсної раціональності, що охоплює реальність у модусі цілісності та системної впорядкованості.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI "PEDULILINDUNGI" DENGAN TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM)
Authors: Andriani Juwita , Wahyu Winarno Wing
Published: April 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic that has spread in the country, especially Indonesia, has been going on for almost two years. At the beginning of 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic shocked the world, and the entire world population panicked over this pandemic. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia has made various efforts to deal with the spread of the Covid-19 virus, one of which is the use of information technology. In a pandemic situation, using digital communication is widely used by the community, so KEMKOMINFO and the Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) collaborate to create a mobile application called the "PeduliLindungi" application. This application can only be accessed via electronics such as smartphones, laptops, and others. The government has begun to require the use of the PeduliLindungi application for everyone who will be doing public space activities. The samples in this study were students, lecturers, civil servants, BUMN employees, private employees and others who were in Indonesia. This study uses a purposive sampling technique with user criteria using the PeduliLindung application. The results of the study prove that self-efficacy has a positive effect on perceived ease of use, self-efficacy has no effect on the use of the pedulilindungi application, subjective norm has a positive effect on perceived usefulness, subjective norm has a positive effect on the use of the pedulilindungi application, perceived ease of use has a positive effect on the use of the pedulilindungi application, perceived usefulness has a positive effect on the pedulilindung application. The test equipment in this study used warp-pls with 366 respondents.
Improving community based family planning services and the potential for increasing contraceptive prevalence in Bangladesh
Authors: Dunston Amy Gale , Miller Peter C.
Published: April 2022

This report contains descriptions of 13 family planning (FP) projects recently implemented in Bangladesh. The results in terms of the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) are analyzed to investigate the degree to which improved FP service delivery in Bangladesh can increase contraceptive use in the present status of demand, investigate the programmatic factors most associated with increased prevalence, and make these projects more widely known. Criteria for inclusion included coverage of a geographic area where household distribution of contraceptive supplies was available, and where at least one measurement of CPR has been made through credible survey efforts since July 1988. The projects varied in design, intensity, programmatic focus, geographic area, implementing agency, and evaluating agency. All were rural or largely so. Primary conclusions are that improvements in the national program can be expected to lead to substantial increases in contraceptive prevalence; increased visitation rates, and greater efforts in basic training, density of fieldworkers, and use of NGO fieldworkers may be particularly effective in meeting unmet demand; although direct provision of services by NGOs seems most associated with high performance, the implication of this for the national program requires careful analysis.
Addressing women's reproductive health needs: Priorities for the Family Welfare Programme
Authors: Jejeebhoy Shireen J.
Published: April 2022

India's national family welfare program has two objectives—to address the needs of families, notably women and children, and to reduce population growth rates. In reality, the program has been disproportionately focused on achieving demographic targets by increasing contraceptive prevalence. In this process, women's needs have been overlooked, in terms of poor reproductive health (RH). There is a need to reorient program priorities to focus more holistically on RH needs and on woman-based services that respond to health needs in ways sensitive to the sociocultural constraints women and adolescent girls face in acquiring services and expressing health needs. This report presents a profile of substantive needs in the area of women's RH. It contains a brief overview of the demographic situation and the thrust of the program in India, points out gender disparities and constraints women face in acquiring quality health services, focuses on the RH situation and highlights the gaps between needs and available services, and sets out priorities for policy. It raises the need for greater attention to RH and services that are more focused on women, both adult and adolescent, in India, and discusses activities appropriate for further support.
Current experiences with community-based distribution of family planning in Kenya: A review prepared for USAID/Kenya
Authors:   Population Council
Published: April 2022

Kenya has been one of the leading countries worldwide in developing and implementing community-based distribution (CBD) programs as part of the national family planning (FP) program. CBD activities in Kenya are coordinated by the National Council for Population and Development, with support from USAID and other donor agencies. Kenya’s CBD program has been widely publicized because of its success in improving access to FP information and services, and its diversity of organizational structures. USAID would like to review the current situation and possible future directions before designing its CBD strategy for the next five-year bilateral project. The Africa OR/TA II Project was requested to assist in preparing its CBD strategy because of its experience with CBD activities throughout Africa. Following this review, the Africa OR/TA II Project will be coordinating a large-scale field research study to evaluate the impact of CBD in terms of a variety of indicators. This review has provided the first step in preparing for this research study by identifying what is known about CBD in Kenya and highlighting key issues that need addressing. This report presents a wide-ranging review of data currently available on a number of aspects of CBD in Kenya.
Modifikasi Prototipe Robot Pelontar Pakan Ikan dan Sistem Monitoring Level Air pada Tambak
Authors: Widyaningrum Muslimah , Rangga Gusti , Muhammad Abdul Kadir , Mukhtar Mukhtar
Published: April 2022

Fisheries are one of the sectors that are relied upon for national development. In 2019, the export value of Indonesian fishery products reached Rp. 73,681,883,000, which is an increase of 10.1% from 2018 exports. Marine products such as shrimp, tuna, squid, octopus, crabs and seaweed are sought-after commodities. The development of fish farming can be carried out if the availability of good quality seeds and available in sufficient quantities, proper feed, prevention and treatment of disease and a good living environment. The survival rate at the seed stage is influenced by the type of feed given and the amount according to the needs of the fish. This study aims to modify the previous feed throwing robot so that it can be thrown further and the feed is not destroyed so that it can help the work of fish pond farmers in providing fish feed, modify the tool to help fish pond farmers work in knowing the pond water level, design and build a filling system. manually and automatically using solar panels and modifying the information system on the previous tool so that it can display more information to fish pond farmers. The results showed that the ideal distance of feed throw 5.1 meters, and maximum charging using solar panels 14.28 Watts per hour. The feeding system, water level regulator, information system and charging system can facilitate the pond management process
Improving Clinical dosimetric Accuracy of Cancer Treatment Using a Special Quality of Electron and Photon Beam
Authors: Ikhlaq Ayesha , Buzdar Saeed Ahmad , Aslam Mamoona , Mustafa Muhammad Usman , Salahuddin Sana , Mehr-Un-Nisa
Published: April 2022

Electron and photon beams demonstrate extraordinary characteristics useful for the treatment of cancer. These characteristics are essential to analyze before the calibration of the linear accelerator with dual energies. This study focused on the dosimetric characteristics of the different energies of electron beam for different field sizes. The basic objective of this work was to calculate the dosimetric parameters and characteristics of the electron beam, especially depth dose characteristics along the central axis. In this work, 6 MeV, 9 MeV, 12 MeV, 15 MeV and 18 MeV of electron beam and 6 MV and 15 MV of photon beam with different field sizes were used. The characteristics of the depth dose of electron and photon beams in water were analyzed to optimize the radiation quality for radiation treatment planning. The different beam characteristics are due to different interactions that occur between electron beams giving them a definite range, whereas photon beams are attenuated leading to dose deposition and a much larger range with no definite end. Depth dose characteristics of electron and photon beams are not similar since the interaction of these beams with matter depends on their quality. Attenuation and penetration factors change with changing dosimetric parameters. A complete analysis of the dosimetric characteristics of electron and photon beams helps to choose the more accurate beam for the treatment of cancer. This work helps to increase accuracy in the treatment of cancer with radiotherapy.

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