bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Aegle Marmelos Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract on Expression of Antiapoptotic Markers in Human Melanoma Cells
Authors: Bhavesh S. , Sridevi G. , Selvaraj J. , Preetha S.
Published: November 2021

Background: Aegle marmelos commonly known as Bael is a herbal plant. Itis from a family called Rutaceae. It has many medicinal uses: anti-diarrheal, anti- microbial, anti-viral, anti-cancer, chemo-preventive, Ulcer healing and many others.

Aim: To study the effect of Aegle marmelos hydroethanolic leaf extract on expression of antiapoptotic markers in human melanoma cells.

Objective: The present study investigated the effect of Aegle marmelos hydroethanolic leaf extract on expression of antiapoptotic markers in human melanoma cells.

Materials and Methods: DMSO and MTT chemicals were purchased from Sigma chemical Pvt Ltd. Trypsin EDTA, FBS, RPMI 1640 medium and PBS, Real time PCR kit was purchased from Canada. Human melanoma cell line (A375) was purchased from NCCS, Pune, India.

Results: The data was analysed statistically by ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test with a computer based software (Graph Pad Prism version 5). The percentage of cell viability decreases with the increase in dosage of Aegle marmelos leaf extract. 

Conclusion: The study concluded that Aegle marmelos hydro ethanolic leaf extract a novel and innovative herbal drug has a significant effect on the expression of antiapoptotic markers in human melanoma cell lines.
High‐Strength, High‐Conductivity, and Crack‐Resistant Ionic Conductors with Aligned Cellulose Fibers
Authors: Xing Wensi , Luo Yingxue , Si Lianmeng , Liang Xu , Li Yiju , Song Jianwei , Shen Shengping
Published: December 2024

Ionogels as ionic conductors have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent ionic conductivity, good thermal and electrochemical stability, and favorable non‐volatility compared to conductive hydrogels. However, ionogels with excellent conductivity usually suffer from low strength and modulus. Herein, a facile yet effective strategy by compositing aligned cellulose fibers with ionogels is presented to achieve superior mechanical properties and high ionic conductivity. The triple hydrogen bond networks enable the ionic conductors to possess superhigh tensile strength (≈32.75 MPa) and Young's modulus (≈1354 MPa), as well as exhibit excellent crack‐resistant properties. Meanwhile, the ionic conductors with aligned cellulose fibers provide oriented hierarchical micro‐ and nanochannels for accelerating ion transport and thus can obtain a high ionic conductivity. Moreover, the ionic conductors exhibit high optical transparency (≈92%), good adhesion, and favorable flexibility. This work provides a straightforward and effective strategy for the development of high‐strength, high‐conductivity, and crack‐resistant ionic conductors.
Playing with Water Molecules: “Repulsing” or “Trapping” to Exclude Water‐Induced Side Reactions on Zn Metal Anode
Authors: Sun Meizhu , Wan Kehao , Huang Yinshi , Yang Hao , Zhou Xi , Yan Chenglin , Zhou Jinqiu , Qian Tao
Published: December 2024

Aqueous Zn ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted considerable research interest because they offer potential solutions for battery safety concerns, enable long‐duration energy storage, maintain cost‐effectiveness, and support diverse application scenarios. However, the electrochemical performance of AZIBs is hampered by inherent issues arising from water molecules present in water‐based electrolytes. Water molecules are a double‐edged sword in AZIBs, which could serve not only as the rapid transporter of Zn2+ ions but also as the instigator of anode corrosion, passivation, hydrogen precipitation, narrow electrochemical window, cathode dissolution, and exacerbation of zinc dendrite growth in aqueous environments. In light of these challenges, this review analyzes the fundamental principles underlying water molecules’ role in triggering water‐related problems. It then innovatively summarizes methods to mitigate water activity and alleviate interface issues from the perspective of “water repulsing” and “water trapping” including approaches such as interface protection, electrolyte engineering, separator modification, and so on, hoping to stimulate the imagination of researchers playing with water molecules. It should be clarified that the “water repulsing” and “water trapping” modification strategies do not exist independently, but are complementary with intersections. Finally, optimization strategies for mitigating water‐induced issues to realize high‐efficiency and commercially viable AZIBs are proposed, aiming to offer fresh perspectives and insights to advance AZIB technology.
A High‐Accuracy Facial Expression Recognition System Combining Triboelectric Hydrogel Sensors With Deep Learning
Authors: Zhao Yiqiao , Li Longwei , Zhang Jiawei , Zhou Puen , Wang Xiaoyao , Sun Xinru , Mao Junqi , Pu Xiong , Zhang Yuanzheng , Zheng Haiwu
Published: December 2024

Facial expression recognition (FER) is significant for daily mental health monitoring because facial expressions reflect an individual's mental condition. However, it is still hard to achieve accurate and convenient FER using wearable devices. Here, a high‐accuracy, self‐powered, and intelligent FER system is reported consisting of a triboelectric hydrogel sensor network to collect facial expression signals and a deep learning model to process and recognize the signals. The triboelectric hydrogel sensors are demonstrated to show excellent properties, such as 50% stretchability, 90% transparency, and a response time of 48 ms. With a 1D convolutional neural network, six basic expressions can be recognized with an average recognition accuracy of 99.44%. Finally, a 3D virtual character model is built on a computer to display real emotions synchronously. Compared with previous similar reports, this system can recognize more types of expressions with significantly improved accuracy. Therefore, this work can potentially not only help doctors to determine a patient's mental health condition through virtual communication while protecting the patient's privacy but also provide a highly promising approach for virtual telemedicine in the future.
Self‐Powered Wireless System for Monitoring Sweat Electrolytes in Personalized Healthcare Wearables
Authors: Zahed Md Abu , Rana S M Sohel , Faruk Omar , Islam M. Robiul , Reza Md Selim , Lee YeYeong , Pradhan Gagan Bahadur , Asaduzzaman Md , Kim Dongyun , Bhatta Trilochan , Park Jae Yeong
Published: December 2024

The demand for non‐invasive health monitoring with wearables poses challenges in developing sustainable, self‐powered systems, as current energy harvesters face issues like complex fabrication, low robustness, and insufficient power density for continuous biosensing. In this study, a wearable self‐powered biosensing platform combining a electromagnetic‐triboelectric hybrid generator (ETHG) with an advanced electrochemical sweat‐ion‐sensing patch is proposed. A Halbach magnet array within the electromagnetic generator (EMG) enhances magnetic flux concentration and power output, while advanced Nylon@polyallylamine and polyvinylidene fluoride@Co3O4 nanofiber films significantly boost the triboelectric generator's performance. Mechanical and theoretical modeling reveals an optimized power output of 328 mW for the EMG and 0.65 mW for the triboelectric component at 6 Hz. This hybrid approach not only enhances the power density but also simplifies the fabrication process and improves the charging performance and robustness of the system. To address potential drift in solid‐contact ion‐selective electrodes, nanoporous carbon ‐modified electrodes increase hydrophobicity, enhancing sensitivity for Na+ (56.1 mV dec−1), K+ (55.2 mV dec−1), and Ca2+ (30.8 mV dec−1), along with excellent performance in pH (69.7 mV dec−1) sensing. Integrating ETHG with a flexible microfluidics‐enabled patch enables real‐time on‐body sweat monitoring, with data wirelessly transmitted via Bluetooth, offering an efficient and robust platform for continuous health monitoring applications.
Covalent Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives for Applications in High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chen Xiudong , Jiang Huixiong , Liu Jin‐Hang , Zhang Hang , Zhan Changchao , Gao Yun , Jiang Xiaoduo , Wang Yawei , Cao Xiaohua , Chou Shu‐Lei
Published: December 2024

Lithium–Sulfur batteries (LSBs) are widely regarded as one of the most promising energy storage systems due to their ultra‐high theoretical energy density and environmental friendliness. However, practical applications of LSBs face significant challenges, including the shuttle effect of soluble polysulfides and the formation of lithium dendrites. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as potential materials for inhibiting the polysulfide shuttle effect and buffering lithium dendrites. This review provides an overview of the latest advancements in the use of COF and its derivative materials as sulfur host materials, modified commercial separators, and electrolytes in LBSs, and makes some brief conclusions and predictions. Pure COFs, COF derivatives, and COF composites are discussed as sulfur hosts, along with novel strategies intended to enhance LSB cycling stability and reversibility. Strategies for enhancing LSBs performance are summarized through the modification of separators using COFs, with the ultimate goal of achieving high energy density. It also discusses the strategies for designing COF‐based electrolytes, which include structural design, use of ionic COFs, and introduction of lithium salt molecules or flexible oligo(ethylene oxide) chains into COF skeletons. Additionally, the review discusses some future prospects for the use of COFs and their derivatives in LSBs.
Hyperspectral Metachip‐Based 3D Spatial Map for Cancer Cell Screening and Quantification
Authors: Zhao Zihan , Tang Xiaocong , Ji Chang‐Yin , Meng Yanli , Liang Xinyue , Luo Rui , Wang Cong , Wu Qun , Liu Jian , Dang Cuong , Hu Guangwei , Ding Xumin
Published: December 2024

In this paper, compact terahertz (THz) metachips for hyperspectral screening and quantitative evaluation of human cancer cells is reported. This pixelated resonant metachips feature the resonance channel from 1 and 3 THz frequency with a record‐high quality factor (up to 230). Through the interactions of various cancer cells of different concentrations, high‐dimensional spectral signatures are obtained, which are further transformed into a spatial map for labelling and quantification purposes. The screening of up to 15 cancer cells is experimentally reported, with very high detecting accuracy of 93.33% and with attractive quantitative concentration sensitivity up to 1320 kHz cell mL−1. This hyperspectral metachips are low‐cost, highly compact, and label‐free for fast, high‐throughput and high‐sensitivity detections and evaluation of human cancer cells. This technology does not require clinical experience, representing an accessible technology for early diagnosis of cancer.
Efficient Electrochromic Electrode Materials Based on WO3/Ni(OH)2 with Dual Ion Implantation Modulability and Energy Level Matching
Authors: Nie Shanshan , Lian Yi , Han Hongxing , Zhao Lei , Liu Zhifeng
Published: December 2024

Electrochromic materials have received a lot of attention due to dramatic growth of the smart window market and the demand in various emerging fields. In this study, WO3/Ni(OH)2 composite high efficient electrochromic electrode materials are prepared by hydrothermal‐annealing and electrodeposition methods. It is observed by experimental characterization that the deposition of Ni(OH)2 on WO3 rods effectively increased the Li+ diffusion rate of WO3 films (2.069 × 10−10 cm2 s−1), which is ≈1.5 times higher than that of pure WO3 (1.413 × 10−10 cm2 s−1). Meanwhile, WO3 and Ni(OH)2 have relatively matched energy level structures, showing high overall optical modulation performance. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with electrochemical studies reveal that the injection of double ions can improve the reaction efficiency of the electrodes and promote the redox reaction, which makes the electrochemical reaction more efficient. This paper provides a practical method for designing multi‐component electrochromic devices with excellent performance.
CuInP2S6 Heterojunction Based Visible Range Optoelectronic Synapse With Femtojoule Energy Consumption
Authors: Wang Zichen , Li Jialin , Fan Xinyi , Tang Wei , Zhu Huanfeng , Li Linjun
Published: December 2024

The 2D van der Waals material CuInP2S6, characterized by its memory behavior arising from room‐temperature ferroelectricity and Cu+ ions migration, has emerged as a promising candidate material for artificial synaptic devices. Nevertheless, with a bandgap of 2.7 eV, CIPS‐based devices are generally limited to operating in pure electrical mode or under ultraviolet light, making them unsuitable for applications across the entire visible light spectrum. Here, a two‐terminal artificial synapse based on CIPS/MoS2/graphene heterojunction is constructed. Compared to ion migration or ferroelectricity under high bias voltage, photogating due to charge trapping is identified as the working mechanism under low bias voltage (< 1.5 V), which can respond to the shortest pulse (∼5 ms) and least energy consumption of 1.7 / 6.3 fJ per pulse up to date for CIPS‐based synapses. Benefiting from the fading memory effect and nonlinear characteristics in visible light range, handwritten digit recognition based on reservoir computing has achieved an accuracy of 90.43% with four times higher efficiency than directly using an artificial neuron network. This work thus paves the way for constructing CIPS heterostructure for artificial vision and neuromorphic computing systems.
Selective Color Appearance of Liquid‐Crystal‐Aided Laser‐Induced Periodic Surface Structures
Authors: Hsieh Jia‐Pei , Chang Jing‐Gue , Tu Chih‐Yuan , Chen Kue‐Yo , Chen Yu‐Yuan , Tseng Chun‐Hsiang , Marinova Vera , Lin Shiuan‐Huei , Hsiao Hui‐Hsin , Luo Chih‐Wei , Tsung Jieh‐Wen
Published: December 2024

Laser‐Induced Periodic Surface Structure (LIPSS) combined with a layer of liquid crystal (LC) shows electronically selective color in this research. LC spontaneously aligns in parallel to the LIPSS nano grooves. An in‐plane switching (IPS) LC cell with LIPSS‐processed indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes is fabricated, and compared to a traditional IPS LC cell with rubbed aligning polymer. At the fist place, an LC cell providing tunable gray scale is expected. Surprisingly, the LC cell shows brilliant glowing colors, which changes dramatically from golden yellow to midnight blue when the voltage is applied. The polarized optical microscope pictures show that light is diffracted and propagating in the cell. With the transmission spectra, diffraction, multiple reflection, and grating‐assisted total internal reflection (TIR) are identified. The LC switches the polarization of light, turning the diffraction and TIR on‐and‐off. LIPSS provides not only alignment but also structural color, modulated by the LC. The grating‐assisted TIR opens up new possibility for waveguides and transparent displays. Fabrication of LIPSS LC cell is fast and clean. Only laser and cleaning is required, omitting large amount of toxic materials and hazardous waste. Efforts are made to offer an environmental friendly method to produce nano optoelectronics.
Mechanical Force‐Induced cGAS Activation in Carcinoma Cells Facilitates Splenocytes into Liver to Drive Metastasis
Authors: Zhang Xurui , Huang Na , Mu Yanhua , Chen Haiyan , Zhu Mengchen , Zhang Shaoying , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Hailong , Deng Huan , Feng Keping , Shang Qi , Liu Xi , Zhang Chen , Shi Mengjiao , Yang Lan , Sun Jin , Kong Guangyao , Geng Jing , Lu Shemin , Li Zongfang
Published: December 2024

Liver metastasis is the main cause of cancer‐related mortality. During the metastasis process, circulating carcinoma cells hardly pass through narrow capillaries, leading to nuclear deformation. However, the effects of nuclear deformation and its underlying mechanisms on metastasis need further study. Here, it is shown that mechanical force‐induced nuclear deformation exacerbates liver metastasis by activating the cGAS‐STING pathway, which promotes splenocyte infiltration in the liver. Mechanical force results in nuclear deformation and rupture of the nuclear envelope with inevitable DNA leakage. Cytoplasmic DNA triggers the activation of cGAS‐STING pathway, enhancing the production of IL6, TNFα, and CCL2. Additionally, splenocyte recruitment by the proinflammatory cytokines support carcinoma cell survival and colonization in the liver. Importantly, both intervening activity of cGAS and blocking of splenocyte migration to the liver efficiently ameliorate liver metastasis. Overall, these findings reveal a mechanism by which mechanical force‐induced nuclear deformation exacerbates liver metastasis by regulating splenocyte infiltration into the liver and support targeting cGAS and blocking splenocyte recruitment as candidate therapeutic approaches for liver metastasis.
Global Relative Importance of Denitrification and Anammox in Microbial Nitrogen Loss Across Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems
Authors: He Gang , Deng Danli , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Liu Wenzhi , Zhang Quanfa
Published: December 2024

Denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) are the major microbial processes responsible for global nitrogen (N) loss. Yet, the relative contributions of denitrification and anammox to N loss across contrasting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems worldwide remain unclear, hampering capacities to predict the human alterations in the global N cycle. Here, a global synthesis including 3240 observations from 199 published isotope pairing studies is conducted and finds that denitrification governs microbial N loss globally (79.8±0.4%). Significantly, anammox is more important in aquatic than terrestrial ecosystems worldwide and can contribute up to 43.2% of N loss in global seawater. Global maps for N loss associated with denitrification and anammox are further generated and show that the contribution of anammox to N loss decreases with latitude for soils and sediments but generally increases with substrate depth. This work highlights the importance of anammox as well as denitrification in driving ecosystem N losses, which is critical for improving the current global N cycle model and achieving sustainable N management.
Haplotype‐Resolved Genotyping and Association Analysis of 1,020 β‐Thalassemia Patients by Targeted Long‐Read Sequencing
Authors: Ye Yuhua , Niu Chao , Mao Aiping , Qin Lang , Zhan Jiahan , Chen Weijie , Liu Zhentian , Xie Tiantian , Zhang Qianqian , Li Jiaqi , Huang Li , Meng Wanli , Liu Yumeng , Liao Liuhua , Cai Junqin , Liu Riyang , Zhang Xinhua , Zeng Lihong , Li Yaoyun , Lin Bin , Li Kui , Hua Xiaoyun , Huang Binbin , Qin Honggui , Huang Yueyan , Huang Zhijing , Lao Jinquan , Qu Xiang , Chen Juanjuan , Feng Xiaoqin , Liu Qiujun , Lin Wanying , Zhou Xiaoman , Liang Yidan , Long Xingjiang , Qin Jiaofeng , Yan Lixiang , Zhu Weijian , Yu Lian , Fan Chengwu , Tang Deguo , Zhong Tianyu , Tan Jufang , Ren Zhilin , Xu Xiangmin
Published: December 2024

Despite the well‐documented mutation spectra of β‐thalassemia, the genetic variants and haplotypes of globin gene clusters modulating its clinical heterogeneity remain incompletely illustrated. Here, a targeted long‐read sequencing (T‐LRS) is demonstrated to capture 20 genes/loci in 1,020 β‐thalassemia patients. This panel permits not only identification of thalassemia mutations at 100% of sensitivity and specificity, but also detection of rare structural variants (SVs) and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in modifier genes/loci. The highly homologous regions of α‐/β‐globin gene clusters are then phased and 3 novel haplotypes in HBG1/HBG2 region are reported in this population of β‐thalassemia patients. Furthermore, one of the haplotypes is associated with ameliorated symptoms of β‐thalassemia. Similarly, 5 major haplotypes are identified in HBA1/HBA2 homologous region while one of them is found highly linked with deletional α‐thalassemia mutations. Finally, rare mutations in erythroid transcription factors in DNMT1 and KLF1 associated with increased expression of fetal hemoglobin and reduced transfusion dependencies are identified. This study presents the largest T‐LRS study for β‐thalassemia patients to date, facilitating precise clinical diagnosis and haplotype phasing of globin gene clusters.
Gut Microbiota‐Derived Hyocholic Acid Enhances Type 3 Immunity and Protects Against Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Neonatal Rats
Authors: Yang Zhipeng , Lin Zhiyuan , You Yaojie , Zhang Mei , Gao Ning , Wang Xinru , Peng Jian , Wei Hongkui
Published: December 2024

This study investigates how microbiome colonization influences the development of intestinal type 3 immunity in neonates. The results showed that reduced oxygen levels in the small intestine of neonatal rats induced by Saccharomyces boulardii accelerated microbiome colonization and type 3 immunity development, which protected against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. Microbiome maturation increased the abundance of microbiome‐encoded bile salt hydrolase (BSH) genes and hyocholic acid (HCA) levels. Furthermore, reducing oxygen levels in the intestine increased the abundance of Limosilactobacillus reuteri, a bacterium encoding BSH, and promoted intestinal type 3 immunity. However, inhibition of BSH blocked the L. reuteri‐induced development of intestinal type 3 immunity. Mechanistically, HCA promoted the development of gamma‐delta T cells and type 3 innate lymphoid cells by stabilizing the mRNA expression of RAR‐related orphan receptor C via the farnesoid X receptor–WT1‐associated protein‐N6‐methyl‐adenosine axis. These results reveal that gut microbiota‐derived HCA plays a crucial role in promoting the development of intestinal type 3 immunity in neonates. This discovery introduces potential therapeutic avenues for strengthening intestinal immunity in early life or treating bacterial infections by targeting microbial metabolites.
Enabling Aqueous Phase Long‐lived Deep‐blue Phosphorescence With Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Chen Qian , Cao Peisheng , Wu Peng
Published: December 2024

Aqueous‐phase phosphors are of utmost importance for a myriad of applications. However, the emission wavelengths of the current aqueous organic room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials are limited to green and red bands, while the blue part is rarely reported, thus limiting the development of a full‐color RTP system. Theoretically, carboxylated benzene is expected to be blue phosphorescence‐emissive, but only green phosphorescence is observed in solid, due to the strong intermolecular π–π stacking that decreases the energy gap. Herein, the use of water‐dispersible layered double hydroxide (ZnAl‐LDH) is proposed for isolating Ph‐(COOH)n and the distance between the adjacent chromophores is confirmed to be larger (≈7.0 Å) than the threshold of π–π interaction. Deep‐blue phosphorescence with a lifetime over 0.1 s, and a maximum luminescence quantum yield of 42%, is harvested in the aqueous phase. The long‐lived deep‐blue phosphorescence is successfully explored for high‐temperature display and luminescent dyes.
High Enantiomeric Purity Carboxylic Acid Synthesis via Synergistic Electrocatalytic Oxidation Using Mn‐NiSe2 and Aminoxyl Radicals
Authors: He Jiahui , Li Suiqin , Li Kai , Liu Lihao , Wang Yuhang , Ren Linhan , Chen Ying , Wang Jieyu , Cao Yongyong , Zhong Xing , Wang Jianguo
Published: December 2024

Chiral drugs play an indispensable role in pharmaceutical and healthcare fields. However, large‐scale synthesis is hindered by challenges such as low reaction rates, racemization, and difficulties in scaling up. In this study, an effective synergistic electrocatalytic strategy involving a 3D Mn‐NiSe2/GF electrocatalyst and aminoxyl is proposed and demonstrated for the multi‐hundred‐gram scale synthesis of the chiral drug intermediate Levetiracetam. The mild reaction conditions of electrocatalysis effectively preserves the stereochemical configuration adjacent to the oxidation site, achieving yields of up to 93.5% and enantiomeric excess retention of 99.1% through process intensification in a continuous flow electrolyzer. Surface reconstruction of the Mn‐NiSe2/GF and potential catalytic mechanisms are validated through a series of electrochemical and in situ characterizations. Additionally, theoretical calculations elucidate the critical role of Mn doping in the adsorption of intermediates. The electrode area is expanded from 10 to 1200 cm2 in the modular stacked electrolyzer, with ee retention remaining above 97.6% across varying reaction scales from 7.8 to 250 g further validating the robustness and scalability of the process. This work offers an effective approach for preparing efficient electrocatalytic materials and synthesizing chiral pharmaceutical intermediates, providing valuable insights for the design and application of modular industrial‐scale electrolyzers.
Thinopyrum intermedium showed a slower establishment phase compared to winter wheat in a controlled environment
Authors: Fagnant Laura , Delaplace Pierre , Delory Benjamin M. , Dumont Benjamin
Published: December 2024

Thinopyrum intermedium is currently proposed as a perennial grain crop benefiting from raising interest through its environmental performances. As a new crop, little attention was paid to the understanding of the eco‐physiological regulations of its growth cycle. We conducted an experiment in growth chambers to evaluate the aboveground and belowground development of Th. intermedium in comparison to annual wheat during the first days of growth after sowing. The dynamic of growth was faster for wheat, in line with a strategy of rapid acquisition of resources and a quicker colonization of its environment compared to Th. intermedium. In contrast, the latter had a preferential investment in roots that could reflect an adaptation from nutrient‐poor environments to prioritize soil resource acquisition. These insights highlighted a slow establishment phase for this new crop, which may lead to difficulties during the field establishment, such as weed competition, but could enable it to withstand stressful conditions in terms of soil resources once well established.
Cereal rye biomass effects on giant ragweed suppression inform management decisions
Authors: Chudzik Guilherme , Nunes Jose J. , Arneson Nicholas J. , Stoltenberg David E. , Werle Rodrigo
Published: December 2024

Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) has become one of the most troublesome weeds across the US Midwest partially due to its early emergence, high competitiveness, and herbicide resistance evolution. This study aimed to determine the amount of cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) biomass needed to suppress giant ragweed establishment and growth. The study was conducted in 2022 and 2023 at the Rock County Farm near Janesville, WI, in naturally infested giant ragweed fields. At establishment, the research site was tilled to remove weed biomass and crop residue, followed by placement of eight cereal rye biomass treatments: 0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8, 7.2, 9.6, and 12.0 Mg ha−1. Cereal rye biomass was collected from a fall‐seeded cover‐cropped field, oven‐dried until constant mass, and evenly spread on the surface of each plot based on respective rates. Data were collected 42 days after study establishment, consisting of giant ragweed plant height, density, and dry biomass. Results showed that 3.8 and 4.8 Mg ha−1 of cereal rye biomass reduced giant ragweed biomass and density by 50%, respectively, compared to the no‐biomass treatment. Maximum giant ragweed height reduction in this study was 40% compared to the no‐biomass treatment. Our results show that cereal rye cover crop biomass was effective in suppressing giant ragweed establishment and growth with a minimum of 3.8 Mg ha−1 cereal rye biomass for >50% suppression of giant ragweed establishment and growth. These results quantify the relationship between cereal rye dry biomass and the suppression of giant ragweed, and can support grower decision‐making for timing of cereal rye termination.
Forage rotation and tillage effects on soil physical and chemical properties
Authors: Holman Johnathan D. , Mauler Payton S. , Obour Augustine K. , Roozeboom Kraig L. , Simon Logan M. , Assefa Yared
Published: December 2024

Annual forages can be grown more intensively than grain crops, which may have negative impacts on soil health because of biomass removal. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of annual forage crop rotations of varying intensity, diversity, forage removal, and associated tillage practices on soil physical and chemical properties. A long‐term forage study was conducted near Garden City, KS. The six rotation and tillage combination treatments of the study were (1) forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)–forage sorghum (FS–FS) no‐tillage (NT), (2) triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus [Secale × Triticum])/FS–FS–oat (Avena sativa L.; T/FS–FS–O) reduced till (RT), (3) T/FS‐FS‐O NT, (4) T/FS–FS–FS‐O NT, (5) T/FS–FS–FS–O RT, and (6) T–FS–O NT. Soil samples were taken in 2021 and 2022 at depths of 0–5 cm and 5–15 cm from the experimental plots and adjacent land used for grain production in a wheat‐sorghum‐fallow rotation. Results of the study indicated that the less intense rotation, T‐FS‐O, had more water stable microaggregates, the grain control had smaller macroaggregates, and T/FS‐FS‐O RT had larger macroaggregates and tended to have fewer small aggregates. Similarly, diverse forage rotations like T‐FS‐FS‐FS‐O had larger sized (2.0–6.3 mm) dry aggregates and tended to have fewer smaller aggregates. The grain control had more medium sized (0.42–0.84 mm) dry aggregate than T/FS‐FS‐O RT. Soil total nitrogen concentrations were less for less diverse or less intense forage rotations compared with the grain control, and soil organic carbon (SOC) and P were less for all forages compared with the grain control, perhaps because forage harvesting reduced crop residue cover and organic matter cycling. We conclude that forage systems that remove biomass from the field should be integrated with management that leaves more residue on the soil surface, such as allowing forage regrowth after hay harvest, alternating between hay removal and grazing, or rotating between forage and grain crops to keep more residue on the soil surface to maintain SOC and protect the soil from erosion.
Guidelines for the standardization of pre‐analytical variables for salivary biomarker studies in Alzheimer's disease research: An updated review and consensus of the Salivary Biomarkers for Dementia Research Working Group
Authors: Ng Ted K. S. , Udeh‐Momoh Chinedu , Lim Mei‐Ann , Gleerup Helena Sophia , Leifert Wayne , Ajalo Catherine , Ashton Nicholas , Zetterberg Henrik , Rissman Robert A. , Winston Charisse N. , O’ Bryant Sid , Jenkins Robert , Carro Eva , Orive Gorka , Tamburin Stefano , Olvera‐Rojas Marcos , Solis‐Urra Patricio , Esteban‐Cornejo Irene , Santos Gustavo Alves Andrade Dos , Rajan Kumar B. , Koh David , Simonsen Anja Hviid , Slowey Paul D. ,   the Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment: Biofluid Based Biomarkers Professional Interest Area Salivary Biomarkers for Dementia Research Working Group (ISTAART‐BBB‐PIA‐SWG)
Published: December 2024

There is a pressing need for accessible biomarkers with high diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis to facilitate widespread screening, particularly in underserved groups. Saliva is an emerging specimen for measuring AD biomarkers, with distinct contexts of use that could complement blood and cerebrospinal fluid and detect various analytes. An interdisciplinary, international group of AD and related dementias (ADRD) researchers convened and performed a narrative review of published studies on salivary AD biomarkers. We critically appraised the current state of the literature, examining both consistencies and discrepancies in existing pre‐analytical variables and methodologies. We discussed how various pre‐analytical variables could influence the detection and quantification of salivary biomarkers, showed technologies available to standardize collection procedures, and proposed a standardized pre‐analytical protocol to guide future studies on salivary AD biomarker examinations. We identified potential contexts of use, gaps, and priorities and proposed future research directions.

Highlights

Given its non‐invasive nature, wider accessibility, and cultural acceptability, particularly in low‐resourced settings, saliva is a biofluid complementary to blood and CSF.

Current salivary AD biomarker studies do not control for many confounding pre‐analytical variables during the sampling process, potentially leading to inaccurate salivary biomarker readings and conclusions, contributing to conflicting findings.

Reviewing the current literature, including the consistencies and non‐consistencies observed in the existing parameters and methodologies, discussing how they can affect salivary AD biomarker detection and quantification.

Proposing a standardized salivary pre‐analytical protocol, identifying the gaps and prioritizations needed to move this area forward, proposing future directions and potential contexts of use.
Spatial proteomic differences in chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Alzheimer's disease, and primary age‐related tauopathy hippocampi
Authors: Richardson Timothy E. , Orr Miranda E. , Orr Timothy C. , Rohde Susan K. , Ehrenberg Alexander J. , Thorn Emma L. , Christie Thomas D. , Flores‐Almazan Victoria , Afzal Robina , De Sanctis Claudia , Maldonado‐Díaz Carolina , Hiya Satomi , Canbeldek Leyla , Kulumani Mahadevan Lakshmi Shree , Slocum Cheyanne , Samanamud Jorge , Clare Kevin , Scibetta Nicholas , Yokoda Raquel T. , Koenigsberg Daniel , Marx Gabriel A. , Kauffman Justin , Goldstein Adam , Selmanovic Enna , Drummond Eleanor , Wisniewski Thomas , White Charles L. , Goate Alison M. , Crary John F. , Farrell Kurt , Alosco Michael L. , Mez Jesse , McKee Ann C. , Stein Thor D. , Bieniek Kevin F. , Kautz Tiffany F. , Daoud Elena V. , Walker Jamie M.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Alzheimer's disease (AD), primary age‐related tauopathy (PART), and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) all feature hyperphosphorylated tau (p‐tau)–immunoreactive neurofibrillary degeneration, but differ in neuroanatomical distribution and progression of neurofibrillary degeneration and amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition.

METHODS

We used Nanostring GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiling to compare the expression of 70 proteins in neurofibrillary tangle (NFT)‐bearing and non–NFT‐bearing neurons in hippocampal CA1, CA2, and CA4 subregions and entorhinal cortex of cases with autopsy‐confirmed AD (n = 8), PART (n = 7), and CTE (n = 5).

RESULTS

There were numerous subregion‐specific differences related to Aβ processing, autophagy/proteostasis, inflammation, gliosis, oxidative stress, neuronal/synaptic integrity, and p‐tau epitopes among these different disorders.

DISCUSSION

These results suggest that there are subregion‐specific proteomic differences among the neurons of these disorders, which appear to be influenced to a large degree by the presence of hippocampal Aβ. These proteomic differences may play a role in the differing hippocampal p‐tau distribution and pathogenesis of these disorders.

Highlights

Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC), possible primary age‐related tauopathy (PART), definite PART, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) can be differentiated based on the proteomic composition of their neurofibrillary tangle (NFT)‐ and non–NFT‐bearing neurons.

The proteome of these NFT‐ and non–NFT‐bearing neurons is largely correlated with the presence or absence of amyloid beta (Aβ).

Neurons in CTE and definite PART (Aβ‐independent pathologies) share numerous proteomic similarities that distinguish them from ADNC and possible PART (Aβ‐positive pathologies).
Quantum Speed Limit and Nonclassicality in Open Quantum System Models Using the Wigner Function
Authors: Gaharwar Arti , Tiwari Devvrat , Banerjee Subhashish
Published: December 2024

The quantum speed limit and the Wigner function of open system models are studied. To this end, the phase covariant and a two‐qubit model interacting with a squeezed thermal bath via position‐dependent coupling are used. The dependence of the coupling on the position of the qubits allows for the study of the dynamics in the collective regime, which is conducive to speeding up the evolution. An interesting interplay is observed between non‐Markovian behavior, quantumness, and the quantum speed limit. The presence of quantum correlations is seen to speed up the evolution.
Highly Efficient Photocatalytic CO2‐to‐CO on Ni‐Based Cationic Polymer with TiO2‐Assisted Exfoliation and Stabilization
Authors: Wu Can , Song Ke , Zhang Xiting , Tan Bien , Liao Rongzhen , Liu Zhao‐Qing , Zhu Huaiyong , Wang Jingyu
Published: December 2024

Porous organic polymers have shown great potential in photocatalytic CO2 reduction due to their unique tunable structure favoring gas adsorption and metal sites integration. However, efficient photocatalysis in porous polymers is greatly limited by the low surface reactivity and electron mobility of bulk structure. Herein, we incorporate TiO2 nanoparticles and Ni(II) sites into a layered cationic imidazolium polymer (IP), in which the imidazolium moieties and free anions can stabilize the key intermediates and enhance the reaction kinetics of CO2 reduction. During the photocatalytic reaction, the layered TiO2/NiIP is in situ exfoliated to nanosheets (NSs) with more accessible active sites and shorten electron transport pathways. The formed TiO2/NiIP‐NSs exhibit an impressively high CO production rate as 54.9 mmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1 with selectivity of 99.9 %. The embedding with TiO2 nanoparticles could improve the electron transport efficiency so as to facilitate the photochemical stripping process of layered polymer. Moreover, the exfoliated nanosheets with assistance of TiO2 possess excellent stability during the recycling experiments in comparison to the rapidly declined activity of NiIP‐NSs. This work presents a new strategy to construct highly efficient photocatalysts for CO2 reduction.
Achievement vs. engagement: Providing support in socially disadvantaged schools
Authors: Obrovská Jana , Majcík Martin , Simonová Jaroslava
Published: December 2024

Educational inequalities persist between students of low socioeconomic status and their more affluent peers. At the same time, there is evidence of positive relations between student engagement and achievement. This multiple case study investigates a national project aimed at increasing student engagement and achievement through post‐Covid‐19 support focused on disadvantaged schools in the Czech Republic. School staff perceived poor attendance, low student motivation and discipline problems as the most challenging issues to be addressed through project support measures. Attendance problems are tackled mainly through experiential activities; motivation and discipline problems are usually addressed by personnel positions. We argue that the selected measures aimed predominantly to support student emotional and behavioural engagement; strategies to enhance cognitive engagement and student achievement were sidelined. Paradoxically, student engagement may become a goal in itself rather than being inscribed into learning outcomes. Implications for programme support and school improvement research are suggested.
Epithelial Polarity Loss and Multilayer Formation: Insights Into Tumor Growth and Regulatory Mechanisms
Authors: Sun Jie , Hosen Md Biplob , Deng Wu‐Min , Tian Aiguo
Published: December 2024

Epithelial tissues serve as critical barriers in metazoan organisms, maintaining structural integrity and facilitating essential physiological functions. Epithelial cell polarity regulates mechanical properties, signaling, and transport, ensuring tissue organization and homeostasis. However, the barrier function is challenged by cell turnover during development and maintenance. To preserve tissue integrity while removing dying or unwanted cells, epithelial tissues employ cell extrusion. This process removes both dead and live cells from the epithelial layer, typically causing detached cells to undergo apoptosis. Transformed cells, however, often resist apoptosis, leading to multilayered structures and early carcinogenesis. Malignant cells may invade neighboring tissues. Loss of cell polarity can lead to multilayer formation, cell extrusion, and invasion. Recent studies indicate that multilayer formation in epithelial cells with polarity loss involves a mixture of wild‐type and mutant cells, leading to apical or basal accumulation. The directionality of accumulation is regulated by mutations in polarity complex genes. This phenomenon, distinct from traditional apical or basal extrusion, exhibits similarities to the endophytic or exophytic growth observed in human tumors. This review explores the regulation and implications of these phenomena for tissue biology and disease pathology.
The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO): Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer, 2024 update
Authors: Wang Feng , Chen Gong , Zhang Zhen , Yuan Ying , Wang Yi , Gao Yuan‐Hong , Sheng Weiqi , Wang Zixian , Li Xinxiang , Yuan Xianglin , Cai Sanjun , Ren Li , Liu Yunpeng , Xu Jianmin , Zhang Yanqiao , Liang Houjie , Wang Xicheng , Zhou Aiping , Ying Jianming , Li Guichao , Cai Muyan , Ji Gang , Li Taiyuan , Wang Jingyu , Hu Hanguang , Nan Kejun , Wang Liuhong , Zhang Suzhan , Li Jin , Xu Rui‐Hua
Published: December 2024

The 2024 updates of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) Clinical Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer emphasize standardizing cancer treatment in China, highlighting the latest advancements in evidence‐based medicine, healthcare resource access, and precision medicine in oncology. These updates address disparities in epidemiological trends, clinicopathological characteristics, tumor biology, treatment approaches, and drug selection for colorectal cancer patients across diverse regions and backgrounds. Key revisions include adjustments to evidence levels for intensive treatment strategies, updates to regimens for deficient mismatch repair (dMMR)/ microsatellite instability‐high (MSI‐H) patients, proficient mismatch repair (pMMR)/ microsatellite stability (MSS) patients who have failed standard therapies, and rectal cancer patients with low recurrence risk. Additionally, recommendations for digital rectal examination and DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE)/ DNA polymerase delta 1 (POLD1) gene mutation testing have been strengthened. The 2024 CSCO Guidelines are based on both Chinese and international clinical research, as well as expert consensus, ensuring their relevance and applicability in clinical practice, while maintaining a commitment to scientific rigor, impartiality, and timely updates.
Seasonal Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, and Photoprotective Activities of Psidium guajava L. Leaves
Authors: Gomes August Elaine Mara , Horn Priscila Aparecida , Cavichioli Natalia , Rebelo Andrey Martinez , Reinke Cássia Katrin , Zeni Ana Lúcia Bertarello
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemicals from extracts of Psidium guajava L. leaves (P. guajava extract [PGE]) and its antioxidant and photoprotective effects. PGE showed constant production of total phenolics and maintained high antioxidant capacity across seasons and years. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis revealed the phenolic compounds quercetin, catechin, gallic acid, epicatechin, vanillic acid, and syringic acid, as well as two new compounds, syringaldehyde and ferulic acid. The high sun protection factor (SPF) was observed in all seasons. The phytochemicals ferulic acid, syringic acid, and quercetin were correlated with cloudiness and humidity. Antioxidant activity was correlated with vanillic acid, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, and tannins, and SPF with temperature, antioxidant activity, flavonoids, vanillic acid, gallic acid, and catechin. The formulations containing UVA/UVB filters or not, plus aqueous autumn extract, showed an increase in SPF. Therefore, the results suggested that PGE has potential photoprotective and antioxidant agents for the production of new sunscreen formulations with environmental and health benefits.
Two New Cardiac Glycosides from Streblus asper
Authors: Hou Ai-Jun , He Yun-Xuan , Ouyang Qin , Huang Jin-Chang , Lei Chun
Published: December 2024

Two undescribed cardiac glycosides, strasperoside K (1) and L (2), together with five known analogues (3–7), were isolated from Streblus asper Lour. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. The inhibitory activities of isolated compounds against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and six strains of pathogenic bacteria were evaluated.
Intravascular Lithotripsy: A Promising Treatment for Calcified Lesions in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Alraies M. Chadi , Basit Jawad
Published: December 2024

Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) uses sonic pressure waves to treat severely calcified coronary lesions, offering a minimally invasive option for complex PCI procedures.

The study by Oliver. et al, supports IVL as a safe and effective treatment for ACS patients with calcified lesions, particularly in challenging anatomical scenarios like the left main artery.

The study's observational design, short follow‐up (1 year), small sample size, and male‐dominant population limit the broader applicability of the findings.

Despite limitations, the study highlights IVL's potential in treating severely calcified coronary lesions and suggests it could be an alternative to traditional therapies, especially in high‐risk cases.
pH‐ and Saccharide‐Responsive Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes with Boronic Acid Moieties Displaying a Wide Range of Phosphorescence Colors
Authors: Suzuki Yota , Imanishi Ikumi , Shiba Koki , Furuichi Shino , Takata Mari , Sugaya Tomoaki , Ishihara Koji
Published: December 2024

Single compounds displaying a wide range of luminescent colors are attractive optical materials for sensor applications. In this study, we present the beneficial combination of a cyclometalated iridium(III) complex scaffold and boronic acid units for designing stimulus‐responsive luminescent materials with various emission colors. Five iridium(III) complexes bearing a diboronic acid ligand (bpyB2) were synthesized: Ir(C^N)bpyB2 (C^N=2‐phenylpyridine (1), 2‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)pyridine (2), 2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)pyridine (3), benzo[h]quinoline (4), 1‐phenylisoquinoline (5)). The luminescence color of Complexes 1–4 changed in response to the solution pH or saccharide concentration. Complex 1 exhibited a color change from orange to green‐blue due to structural alteration of the boronic acid moiety from trigonal to tetrahedral. Furthermore, the luminescence color of Complex 1 changed reversibly due to repetitive changes in the solution pH between 5 and 10, enabling tuning of the luminescence color and pH tracking. Furthermore, the color range was tuned by selecting an appropriate C^N ligand. Time‐dependent density functional theory investigations revealed that the dramatic and reversible color changes could be ascribed to a switch in the electronic distribution in the lowest excited state from bpyB2 to C^N. The stimulus‐responsive iridium(III) complexes provide a prospective scaffold for future applications in color‐tunable optical devices and chemosensing systems.