bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Roles of GSK-3 and β-Catenin in Antiviral Innate Immune Sensing of Nucleic Acids
Authors: Marineau Alexandre , Khan Kashif Aziz , Servant Marc J.
Published: April 2020

The rapid activation of the type I interferon (IFN) antiviral innate immune response relies on ubiquitously expressed RNA and DNA sensors. Once engaged, these nucleotide-sensing receptors use distinct signaling modules for the rapid and robust activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, and the IKK-related kinases IKKε and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), leading to the subsequent activation of the activator protein 1 (AP1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) transcription factors, respectively. They, in turn, induce immunomodulatory genes, allowing for a rapid antiviral cellular response. Unlike the MAPKs, the IKK complex and the IKK-related kinases, ubiquitously expressed glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) α and β isoforms are active in unstimulated resting cells and are involved in the constitutive turnover of β-catenin, a transcriptional coactivator involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and lineage commitment. Interestingly, studies have demonstrated the regulatory roles of both GSK-3 and β-catenin in type I IFN antiviral innate immune response, particularly affecting the activation of IRF3. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms by which GSK-3 and β-catenin control the antiviral innate immune response to RNA and DNA virus infections.
Major Adverse Kidney Events Are Associated with the Aquaporin 5 -1364A/C Promoter Polymorphism in Sepsis: A Prospective Validation Study
Authors: Bergmann Lars , Nowak Hartmuth , Siffert Winfried , Peters Jürgen , Adamzik Michael , Koos Björn , Rahmel Tim
Published: April 2020

Since the functionally important AQP5 -1364A/C single nucleotide promoter polymorphism alters key mechanisms of inflammation and survival in sepsis, it may affect the risk of an acute kidney injury. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis in septic patients that this AQP5 polymorphism is associated with major adverse kidney events and also validated its impact on 90-day survival. In this prospective observational monocentric genetic association study 282 septic patients were included and genotyped for the AQP5 –1364A/C polymorphism (rs3759129). The primary endpoint was the development of major adverse kidney events within 30 days. In AC/CC genotypes, major adverse kidney events were less frequent (41.7%) than in AA genotypes (74.3%; OR:0.34; 95%-CI: 0.18–0.62; p < 0.001). Ninety-day survival was also associated with the AQP5 polymorphism (p = 0.004), with 94/167 deaths (56.3%) in AA genotypes, but only 46/115 deaths (40.0%) in C-allele carriers. Multiple proportional hazard analysis revealed AC/CC genotypes to be at significantly lower risk for death within 90 days (HR: 0.60; 95%-CI: 0.42-0.86; p = 0.006). These findings confirm the important role of the AQP5 -1364A/C polymorphism as an independent prognostic factor in sepsis. Furthermore, we demonstrate a strong association between this AQP5 polymorphism and susceptibility for major adverse kidney events suggesting a promising characteristic in terms of precision medicine.
Comparing the Japanese Version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index and Dry Eye-Related Quality-of-Life Score for Dry Eye Symptom Assessment
Authors: Inomata Takenori , Nakamura Masahiro , Iwagami Masao , Midorikawa-Inomata Akie , Okumura Yuichi , Fujimoto Keiichi , Iwata Nanami , Eguchi Atsuko , Shokirova Hurramhon , Miura Maria , Fujio Kenta , Nagino Ken , Nojiri Shuko , Murakami Akira
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to compare patient-reported symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) between the Japanese version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (J-OSDI) and the Dry Eye-Related Quality-of-Life Score (DEQS). A total of 169 participants were enrolled between September 2017 and May 2018. Patients were administered the J-OSDI and DEQS questionnaires at their first (baseline) and follow-up visits to evaluate DED-related symptoms. The correlations between the J-OSDI total score and DEQS (Frequency and Degree) scores were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and their clinical differences were assessed using the Bland–Altman analysis. At the baseline visit, the J-OSDI score and DEQS (Frequency and Degree) were significantly correlated (r = 0.855, r = 0.897, respectively). Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the J-OSDI score and DEQS (Frequency and Degree) at the follow-up visit (r = 0.852, r = 0.888, respectively). The Bland–Altman analysis revealed a difference (bias) of 4.18 units at the baseline and 4.08 units at the follow-up between the scores of the two questionnaires. The J-OSDI and DEQS were significantly correlated with negligible score differences, suggesting that the J-OSDI can be reliably used for Japanese patients, allowing for cross-country comparisons.
Detecting Ethnic Spatial Distribution of Business People Using Machine Learning
Authors: Jun Joomi , Mizuno Takayuki
Published: April 2020

The development of transportation and technology has spread human movements more quickly and widely. As a result, our societies are becoming more complex, composed of people of more diverse races, cultures, religions, and languages. In this study, we focus on the origins of ethnicity while analyzing the background of social members. To track the origin of the ethnicities of which a society is composed, we established a surname-nationality prediction model by learning from a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) with data recorded by business peoples’ surnames and nationalities to predict nationality with high accuracy through surnames. This study is meaningful because it approaches the social scientific problems of ethnic composition within society through massive data and machine learning: the informatics approach.
Complete Mitogenomic Structure and Phylogenetic Implications of the Genus Ostrinia (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Zhou Nan , Dong Yanling , Qiao Pingping , Yang Zhaofu
Published: April 2020

To understand mitogenome characteristics and reveal phylogenetic relationships of the genus Ostrinia, including several notorious pests of great importance for crops, we sequenced the complete mitogenomes of four species: Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée, 1854), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner, 1796), Ostrinia scapulalis (Walker, 1859) and Ostrinia zealis (Guenée, 1854). Results indicate that the four mitogenomes—O. furnacalis, O. nubilalis, O. scapulalis, and O. zealis—are 15,245, 15,248, 15,311, and 15,208 bp in size, respectively. All four mitogenomes are comprised of 37 encoded genes and a control region. All 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) initiate with ATN and terminate with TAN, with the exception of cox1 that starts with CGA, and cox1, cox2, and nad5 that terminate with an incomplete codon T. All transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) present the typical clover-leaf secondary structure except for the trnS1 (AGN) gene. There are some conserved structural elements in the control region. Our analyses indicate that nad6 and atp6 exhibit higher evolution rates compared to other PCGs. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitogenomes using both maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods revealed the relationship (O. palustralis + (O. penitalis + (O. zealis + (O. furnacalis + (O. nubilalis + O. scapulalis))))) within Ostrinia.
Is There Decreasing Public Interest in Renal Transplantation? A Google TrendsTM Analysis
Authors: Kronbichler Andreas , Effenberger Maria , Shin Jae Il , Koppelstätter Christian , Denicolò Sara , Rudnicki Michael , Neuwirt Hannes , Soler Maria José , Stevens Kate , Bruchfeld Annette , Tilg Herbert , Mayer Gert , Perco Paul
Published: April 2020

Background and objectives: Renal transplantation is the preferred form of renal replacement therapy for the majority of patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). The Internet is a key tool for people seeking healthcare-related information. This current work explored the interest in kidney transplantation based on Internet search queries using Google TrendsTM. Design, setting, participants, and measurements: We performed a Google TrendsTM search with the search term “kidney transplantation” between 2004 (year of inception) and 2018. We retrieved and analyzed data on the worldwide trend as well as data from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), the Organización Nacional de Trasplantes (ONT), the Eurotransplant area, and the National Health Service (NHS) Transplant Register. Google TrendsTM indices were investigated and compared to the numbers of performed kidney transplants, which were extracted from the respective official websites of UNOS, ONT, Eurotransplant, and the NHS. Results: During an investigational period of 15 years, there was a significant decrease of the worldwide Google TrendsTM index from 76.3 to 25.4, corresponding to an absolute reduction of −50.9% and a relative reduction by −66.7%. The trend was even more pronounced for the UNOS area (−75.2%), while in the same time period the number of transplanted kidneys in the UNOS area increased by 21.9%. Events of public interest had an impact on the search queries in the year of occurrence, as shown by an increase in the Google TrendsTM index by 39.2% in the year 2005 in Austria when a person of public interest received his second live donor kidney transplant. Conclusions: This study indicates a decreased public interest in kidney transplantation. There is a clear need to raise public awareness, since transplantation represents the best form of renal replacement therapy for patients with ESRD. Information should be provided on social media, with a special focus on readability and equitable access, as well as on web pages.
Seismic Wave Speeds Derived from Nuclear Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering for Comparison with Seismological Observations
Authors: Delbridge Brent , Ishii Miaki
Published: April 2020

Nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (NRIXS) experiments have been applied to Earth materials, and the Debye speed is often related to the material’s seismic wave speeds. However, for anisotropic samples, the Debye speed extracted from NRIXS measurements is not equal to the Debye speed obtained using the material’s isotropic seismic wave speeds. The latter provides an upper bound for the Debye speed of the material. Consequently, the acoustic wave speeds estimated from the Debye speed extracted from NRIXS (Nuclear Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering) measurements are underestimated compared to the material’s true seismic wave speeds. To illustrate the differences, the effects of various assumptions used to estimate the Debye speed, as well as seismic wave speeds, are examined with iron alloys at Earth’s inner core conditions. For the case of pure iron, the variation of the crystal orientation relative to the incoming X-ray beam causes a 40 % variation in the measured Debye speed, and leads to 3% and 31% underestimation in the compressional and shear wave speeds, respectively. Based upon various iron alloys, the error in the inferred seismic shear wave speed strongly depends upon the strength of anisotropy that can be quantified. We can also derive Debye speeds based upon seismological observations such as the PREM (Preliminary Reference Earth Model) and inner core anisotropy model. We show that these seismically derived Debye speeds are upper bounds for Debye speeds obtained from NRIXS experiments and that interpretation of the Debye speeds from the NRIXS measurements in terms of seismic wave speeds should be done with utmost caution.
Functional Nanoporous Materials
Authors: Weinberger Christian , Tiemann Michael
Published: April 2020

This Special Issue on “Functional Nanoporous Materials” in the MDPI journal nanomaterials features seven original papers [...]
Papillomaviruses Go Retro
Authors: Xie Jian , Zhang Pengwei , Crite Mac , DiMaio Daniel
Published: April 2020

Human papillomaviruses are important pathogens responsible for approximately 5% of cancer as well as other important human diseases, but many aspects of the papillomavirus life cycle are poorly understood. To undergo genome replication, HPV DNA must traffic from the cell surface to the nucleus. Recent findings have revolutionized our understanding of HPV entry, showing that it requires numerous cellular proteins and proceeds via a series of intracellular membrane-bound vesicles that comprise the retrograde transport pathway. This paper reviews the evidence supporting this unique entry mechanism with a focus on the crucial step by which the incoming virus particle is transferred from the endosome into the retrograde pathway. This new understanding provides novel insights into basic cellular biology and suggests novel rational approaches to inhibit HPV infection.
Proposal of A New Bois Noir Epidemiological Pattern Related to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani’ Strains Characterized by A Possible Moderate Virulence in Tuscany
Authors: Pierro Roberto , Panattoni Alessandra , Passera Alessandro , Materazzi Alberto , Luvisi Andrea , Loni Augusto , Ginanni Marco , Lucchi Andrea , Bianco Piero Attilio , Quaglino Fabio
Published: April 2020

Bois noir (BN), associated with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (CaPsol), is the most widespread disease of the grapevine yellows complex worldwide. In this work, BN epidemiology was investigated in a case study vineyard where an unusual CaPsol strain, previously detected only in other host plants, was found to be prevalent in grapevine. Experimental activities included: symptom observation; sampling of symptomatic vines, Auchenorrhyncha specimens, and weeds; molecular detection and typing of CaPsol strains; statistical analyses for determining possible relationships between CaPsol relative concentration, strain type, and symptom severity. Among insects, Reptalus quinquecostatus was the most abundant and was found to be highly infected by CaPsol, while Hyalesthes obsoletus, the main CaPsol vector, was not caught. Moreover, R. quinquecostatus harbored CaPsol strains carrying uniquely the stamp sequence variant St10, also identified as prevalent in vines and in the majority of weeds, and all the secY variants identified in the vineyard. Statistical analyses revealed that CaPsol strains carrying the St10 variant are not associated with severe symptoms, suggesting their possible moderate virulence. Based on such evidence, a new BN epidemiological pattern related to these CaPsol strains and involving grapevine, R. quinquecostatus, and/or weeds is proposed. Furthermore, the possible presence of other players (vectors and weeds) involved in CaPsol transmission to grapevines was highlighted.
High-Resolution Melting (HRM) Curve Assay for the Identification of Eight Fusarium Species Causing Ear Rot in Maize
Authors: Schiwek Simon , Beule Lukas , Vinas Maria , Pfordt Annette , von Tiedemann Andreas , Karlovsky Petr
Published: April 2020

Maize plants are often infected with fungal pathogens of the genus Fusarium. Taxonomic characterization of these species by microscopic examination of pure cultures or assignment to mating populations is time-consuming and requires specific expertise. Reliable taxonomic assignment may be strengthened by the analysis of DNA sequences. Species-specific PCR assays are available for most Fusarium pathogens, but the number of species that infect maize increases the labor and costs required for analysis. In this work, a diagnostic assay for major Fusarium pathogens of maize based on the analysis of melting curves of PCR amplicons was established. Short segments of genes RPB2 and TEF-1α, which have been widely used in molecular taxonomy of Fusarium, were amplified with universal primers in a real-time thermocycler and high-resolution melting (HRM) curves of the products were recorded. Among major Fusarium pathogens of maize ears, F. cerealis, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. equiseti, F. poae, F. temperatum, F. tricinctum, and F. verticillioides, all species except for the pair F. culmorum/F. graminearum could be distinguished by HRM analysis of a 304 bp segment of the RPB2 gene. The latter two species could be differentiated by HRM analysis of a 247 bp segment of the TEF-1α gene. The assay was validated with DNA extracted from pure cultures of fungal strains, successfully applied to total DNA extracted from infected maize ears and also to fungal mycelium that was added directly to the PCR master mix (“colony PCR”). HRM analysis thus offers a cost-efficient method suitable for the diagnosis of multiple fungal pathogens.
Position Dependence of Emission Wavelength of a SiO2 Colloidal Photonic-Crystal Laser
Authors: Chen Ting-Hui , Huang Bing-Yau , Kuo Chie-Tong
Published: April 2020

In this paper, a wavelength tunable colloidal-crystal laser with monodispersed silica particles was demonstrated. Silica particles were synthesized through the modified Stöber process and self-assembled into the colloidal photonic-crystal structure, which was then used to form the optic cavity of a wavelength tunable laser device. Due to Bragg’s diffraction of the colloidal photonic-crystal and the coffee ring effect, the forbidden energy gap of light varied with different lattice sizes at different positions of the colloidal photonic-crystal. When the pumping pulsed laser irradiated on the gain medium of the sample, the fluorescence was restricted and enhanced by the colloidal photonic-crystal. Lasing emission with a single peak occurred when the energy of the pumping laser exceeded the threshold energy. The threshold energy and the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the proposed laser were 7.63 µJ/pulse and 2.88 nm, respectively. Moreover, the lasing wavelength of the colloidal photonic-crystal laser could be tuned from 604 nm to 594 nm, corresponding to the various positions in the sample due to the coffee ring effect.
Improved Interlaminar Fracture Toughness and Electrical Conductivity of CFRPs with Non-Woven Carbon Tissue Interleaves Composed of Fibers with Different Lengths
Authors: Xu Feng , Yang Bo , Feng Lijie , Huang Dedong , Xia Min
Published: April 2020

Non-woven carbon tissue (NWCT) with different fiber lengths was prepared with a simple surfactant-assistant dispersion and filtration method and used as interleaving to enhance both delamination resistance and electrical conductivity of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) laminates. The toughing effect of NWCT on both Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture of CFRPs laminate is dependent on length of fibers, where the shorter carbon fibers (0.8 mm) perform better on Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness improvement whereas longer carbon fibers (4.3 mm) give more contribution to the Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness increase, comparing with the baseline composites, and the toughness increase was achieved without compromising of flexural mechanical properties. More interestingly, comparing with the baseline composites, the electrical conductivity of the interleaved composites exhibited a significant enhancement with in-plane and through-the-thickness direction, respectively. Microscopy analysis of the carbon tissue interleaving area in the laminate indicated that carbon fibers with shorter length can form into a 3D network with more fibers aligned along through-the-thickness direction compared with longer ones. The shorter fibers thus potentially provide more effective fiber bridges, pull-out and matrix deformation during the crack propagation and improve the electric conductivity significantly in through-the-thickness direction.
A Strategy for Problem Solving of Filling Imbalance in Geometrically Balanced Injection Molds
Authors: Wilczyński Krzysztof , Narowski Przemysław
Published: April 2020

Simulation and experimental studies were performed on filling imbalance in geometrically balanced injection molds. An original strategy for problem solving was developed to optimize the imbalance phenomenon. The phenomenon was studied both by simulation and experimentation using several different runner systems at various thermo-rheological material parameters and process operating conditions. Three optimization procedures were applied, Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Taguchi method, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Operating process parameters: the injection rate, melt temperature, and mold temperature, as well as the geometry of the runner system were optimized. The imbalance of mold filling as well as the process parameters: the injection pressure, injection time, and molding temperature were optimization criteria. It was concluded that all the optimization procedures improved filling imbalance. However, the Artificial Neural Networks approach seems to be the most efficient optimization procedure, and the Brain Construction Algorithm (BSM) is proposed for problem solving of the imbalance phenomenon.
Synthesis of a Novel Semi-Conductive Composites Doping with La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 for Excellent Electric Performance for HVDC Cable
Authors: Yin Hongxia , Cui Yingcao , Wei Yanhui , Hao Chuncheng , Lei Qingquan
Published: April 2020

The semi-conductive layer located between the wire core and the insulation layer in high voltage direct current (HVDC) cable plays a vital role in uniform electric field and affecting space charges behaviors. In this work, the research idea of adding ionic conductive particles to semi-conductive materials to improve the conductive network and reduce the energy of the moving charge inside it and to suppress charge injection was proposed. Semi-conductive composites doped with different La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM) contents were prepared. Resistivity at different temperatures was measured to investigate the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect. Pulse electro-acoustic (PEA) method and thermal-stimulation depolarization currents (TSDC) tests of the insulation layers were carried out. From the results, space charge distribution and TSDC currents in the insulation samples were analyzed to evaluate the inhibitory effect on space charge injection. When LSM content is 6 wt. %, the experimental results show that the PTC effect of the specimen and charge injection are both being suppressed significantly. The maximum resistivity of it is decreased by 53.3% and the insulation sample has the smallest charge amount, 1.85 × 10−7 C under 10 kV/mm—decreased by 40%, 3.6 × 10−7 C under 20 kV/mm—decreased by 45%, and 6.42 × 10−7 C under 30 kV/mm—decreased by 26%. When the LSM content reaches 10 wt. %, the suppression effect on the PTC effect and the charge injection are both weakened, owing to the agglomeration of the conductive particles inside the composites which leads to the interface electric field distortion and results in charge injection enhancement.
EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCES DURING HAJJ: A LITERATURE
Authors: Sehu Mohamad Zhooriyati , Mohd Hashim Intan Hashimah
Published: April 2020

Hajj is the largest Muslim pilgrimage to Macca, Saudi Arabia and the longest gathering in the world. Every year nearly two million Muslims from over 140 countries visit Macca to perform their hajj during the Hajj season. Generally, the pilgrims are accompanied by family members, friends, or solo. At the same time, they will also interact and socialize with other individuals from different countries and cultures. In this situation, the activities performed are quite complex and they interact frequently and cause pilgrims to experience complex and dynamic emotions. Hajj worship also provides them with a mystical and spiritual experience. It also tends to affect and express the various emotions within the pilgrims during the pilgrimage. This article discusses various forms of emotion that are reported or observed during spiritual experiences and will relate to the more specific discussions in the context of pilgrimage.
Towards the Design and Evaluation of Interactive Social Technologies: A Survey Report
Authors: Mukherjee Souvik , Tsering Ngudup , Fiaidhi Jinan
Published: April 2020

With new technologies, increasing mechanization and automation, almost all challenging social and economic issues that people face can be investigated towards a prediction or a solution. Digital technologies have connected the world in a single knot, but the technical knowhow does not contribute to solving these challenges. Encapsulation of technological advancement and social responsibility is highly needed. This calls for cross-regiment and inter-field solutions coupled with social enthusiasm. This survey provides a study on two aspects of social relations within a connected world. It also investigates and reviews solutions and work for advanced interactive technology. The survey draws on major insights from few researchers highlighted in our reference list.
SYEKH ABDULLAH RAQI: ORANG MINAGKABAU PENYEBAR ISLAM DI PALU PADA ABAD XVII
Authors: SYAWAL ISMAIL
Published: April 2020

Abstrak Studi ini merupakan kajian sejarah lokal Lembah Kaili Sulawesi Tengah yang menceritakan kedatangan tokoh unik Melayu ke Sulawesi Tengah sekitar tahun 1650. Perahu yang di tumpanginya berlayar tepatnya di “Karampe” (bahas Kaili terdampar) yang terletak dimuara Teluk Palu Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi sejarah melalui empat langkah pokok metode sejarah, yakni: (1) heuristik, (2) kritik sumber, (3) Interpretasi, dan (4) historiografi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Abdullah Raqi adalah salah satu dari sekian banyak penyiar agama Islam yang nyaris dilupakan, padahal keberadaan Abdullah Raqi sebagai penyiar Islam di Palu Sulawesi Tengah diperkuat oleh beberapa peninggalan sejarah sebagai bukti bahwa beliau penyebar Islam pertama. Islamisasi di Sulawesi Tengah terjadi dalam tiga tahapan utama sejak masuk dan berkembangnya, yakni mitologis, ideologis, dan ilmu pengetahuan.    AbstractThis study is a study of the local history of the Central Sulawesi Kaili Valley which tells of the arrival of a unique Malay figure to Central Sulawesi around 1650. The boat in which he sailed sails precisely in “Karampe” (discussing Kaili stranded) which is located in the Gulf Bay of Central Sulawesi Province. This research uses historical methodology through four main steps of historical method, namely: (1) heuristics, (2) source criticism, (3) interpretation, and (4) historiography. The results of this study indicate that Abdullah Raqi is one of the many publishers of Islam that is almost forgotten, even though the existence of Abdullah Raqi as an Islamic broadcaster in Palu, Central Sulawesi is reinforced by some historical relics as proof that he was the first propagator of Islam. Islamization in Central Sulawesi took place in three main stages since its entry and development, namely mythological, ideological, and scientific.
Medical Education Breakthroughs: What Constitutes Milestones in Curriculum, Teaching and Assessment?
Authors: Donnon, PhD Tyrone
Published: April 2020

Medical Education Breakthroughs: What Constitutes Milestones in Curriculum, Teaching and Assessment?
Ego Identity Status of Medical Students in Clerkship
Authors: Beran Tanya , Hecker Kent , Coderre Sylvain , Wright Bruce , Woloschuk Wayne , McLaughlin Kevin
Published: April 2020

Background: Medical students encounter a variety of experiences that have an impact on their emerging professional identity. Clerkship, in particular, presents opportunities for students to consider their career options and decide upon a career path. The process of developing their professional identity begins well before clerkship, however. Anecdotal evidence suggests that interests in medicine begin as early as childhood. This study retrospectively examines the decision-making process clerks make in choosing medicine as a career.Methods: A total of 76 clerks (36 male, 34 female, 6 not reported) responded to four open-ended and two follow-up questions that measure career interests and pursuits. Questions addressed when and how students developed interests in medicine and alternate careers before beginning medical school. An additional eight closed questions drawn from the Ego Status Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status II (EOM-EIS-II) were administered. Content analyses and inter-rater reliability analyses were conducted to classify students according to Marcia’s1  four ego identity statuses.Results: Having obtained high inter-rater consistency (Cohen’s Kappa coefficient of 0.92), responses to the open-ended questions resulted in the classification of three identity statuses. In total, 49.3% of students were in the ‘achieved’ (high exploration and commitment to choices) status and 48.1% were in the ‘foreclosed’ (low exploration but high commitment to choices) status. A small percentage (1.3%) of students were in the ‘moratorium’category (high exploration but low commitment to choices), while none of the students were in the ‘diffused’ (low exploration and low commitment to choices) category.Conclusions: With approximately half of the students demonstrating a ‘foreclosed’ status, this study reveals that despite exposure to a variety of careers when attending university, only half of the students had seriously pursued a career outside of medicine. The majority of students, moreover, developed an interest in medicine before adulthood, and did so independently from parental influence.
FAPI-PET/CT: A New Direction For Diagnostic Imaging In Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Korol Pavel , Samokhin A. , Shcherbina Oleg
Published: April 2020

The literature review addresses the prospects of application, FAPI-PET / CT, as a new method for diagnostic visualization of malignant tumor diseases. According to the study, a number of epidemiologically important tumor diseases, in particular breast cancer, esophagus, lungs, pancreas, tumors of the head and neck, colorectal cancer, have an extremely high absorption of FAPI in the execution of 68-Ga-FAPI-PET / CT. However, further technological improvements are required in order for FAPI-PET / CT imaging, by computing SUV, to become part of routine medical practice. Key words: positron emission tomography, radiopharmaceutical, fibroblast-associated protein, standardized uptake value.
Trabalhadores rurais: a negação dos direitos
Authors: Silva Maria Aparecida de Moraes
Published: April 2020

Este texto discute a situação dos trabalhadores rurais, especificamente, os cortadores de cana no estado de S. Paulo à luz dos direitos humanos como princípios universais. A negação dos direitos trabalhistas e o desrespeito à capacidade humana durante o trabalho tem ocasionado várias mortes, supostamente, por exaustão e também contribuído para a depredação da força de trabalho de milhares de trabalhadores nos últimos anos. Os métodos empregados para aumentar os níveis de produtividade exigidos pelas usinas reduzem os poros da jornada de trabalho e anulam as possibilidades dos espaços da micro-resistência. Contudo, outras formas de resistência tem sido produzidas, envolvendo outros atores sociais, alargando o campo da luta de classes e promovendo outras reivindicações, além daquelas circunscritas ao universo da relação capital e trabalho, quais sejam, aquela relacionadas aos direitos humanos.
O tribunal de contas da Paraíba e a verificação da aplicação dos recursos vinculados à educação
Authors: Davies Nicholas
Published: April 2020

Este artigo faz parte de uma pesquisa mais ampla sobre os procedimentos adotados pelos Tribunais de Contas (TCs) para a contabilização da receita e despesa em manutenção e desenvolvimento do ensino (MDE) e se justifica porque tais procedimentos divergem bastante entre os TCs e não seguem necessariamente as determinações da LDB. No caso da Paraíba, com base em orientações técnicas do TC e de seus pareceres sobre contas do governo estadual, constatamos que o TC não contabilizou, pelo menos durante alguns anos, a dívida ativa oriunda de impostos na base de cálculo dos 25% vinculados à MDE, assim como não acrescentou, ao montante correspondente aos 25%, receitas de convênios, salário-educação e rendimento financeiro com o FUNDEF, bem como, pelo menos em 1999, a complementação federal para o FUNDEF. Outro equívoco foi confundir gastos na função orçamentária ‘Educação e Cultura’ (válida até 1999) ou ‘Educação’ (vigente a partir de 2000 no caso dos Estados) com gastos em MDE. Ora, todos os gastos de MDE podem ser classificados na função ‘Educação’, porém nem todos os gastos da função ‘Educação’ podem ser enquadrados em MDE. Outros equívocos são indicados no artigo e ressaltam a importância dos envolvidos com a educação escolar verificarem a contabilização de receita e despesa em MDE pelos TCs.
Warwickite from St. Lawrence County, New York: Mineral association, chemical composition, cation ordering, and splitting of the warwickite M1 site
Authors: Lupulescu Marian V. , Ehlers Alix M. , Hughes John M. , Bailey David G.
Published: April 2020

Warwickite has been discovered in the Edwards and Balmat #3 mines in the Balmat-Edwards mining district, St. Lawrence County, New York, located in the Adirondack Lowlands. The samples from the two mines are similar in chemistry and atomic arrangement but differ chemically from previously described samples; they are among the most Fe-poor samples described to date. The warwickite in the Edwards Mine sample occurs as 1–2 mm-diameter green crystals associated with pink spinel, forsterite, phlogopite, and pyrite in an impure dolomitic marble, whereas warwickite in the specimens from the Balmat #3 mine, approximately 10 km distant, occurs as brown to amber colored, slender, elongate, millimeter-size crystals in a calcitic marble in association with pink spinel, phlogopite, anhydrite, pyrite, and galena. Chemical analyses of the two specimens by electron microprobe show similar empirical formulas of (Mg1.43Ti0.36Al0.18Cr3+0.02Zr0.01)Σ2.00B0.98O4 (Edwards Mine) and (Mg1.39Ti0.40Al0.18Cr3+0.01Zr0.01Fe2+0.01)Σ2.00B0.94O4 (Balmat mine). The atomic arrangement of a specimen from each mine was determined, and the high-precision refinements provide new insight into the warwickite structure. The M1 site in warwickite is split into two sites to accommodate two occupants with differing bonding requirements; the M1 site contains Mg and the M1′ site hosts Ti, with the two sites being separated by approximately 0.2 Å. The optimized structural formula for both warwickite samples is similar to [M1(Mg0.84Al0.14Ti0.024+)2.74M1′(Ti0.914+Mn0.082+Mg0.01)1.30]Σ4.04M2(Mg0.86Al0.10Ti0.044+)4.00B4O16], demonstrating ordering of Mg at M1 and M2 and Ti at M1′. The site-splitting demonstrates how divalent Mg and tetravalent Ti can exist at a site in solid solution by ordering the two cations at split sites.
Harmonisasi Peraturan Perundang-undangan Terhadap Bentuk Perjanjian Melalui Telemarketing
Authors: Prawira Buana Andika , Ma'ruf Tri Abriana , Aswari Aan
Published: April 2020

Perkembangan teknologi menimbulkan praktek-praktek perjanjian yang dalam implementasinya tidak lagi menjadi suatu hambatan demi terwujudnya kepastian hukum. Bentuk perjanjian melalui telemarketing adalah salah satu dari dampak perkembangan teknologi saat ini. Penelitian ini mencoba menganalisis legalitas pengaturan bentuk perjanjian telemarketing dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian normatif yaitu menganalisis aturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini mejawab praktek perjanjian telemarketing secara legalitasnya dalam beberapa ketentuan aturan perundang-undangan tidak lah menyalahi ketentuan, akan tetapi, dalam prakteknya perjanjian bentuk ini tidak dibenarkan karena terkait dengan sulitnya pembuktian, serta adanya ancaman pidana bagi pihak pelaku usaha yang menggunakan nomor seluler nasabah tanpa izin dari nasabah (konsumen).
National-populisme et christianismes
Authors: Raison du Cleuziou Yann
Published: April 2020

Si le populisme permet de conjurer la crainte du déclassement des chrétiens, le christianisme permet de conjurer la crainte du multiculturalisme des populistes.
Le courage de l’erreur
Authors: Messina Aïcha Liviana
Published: April 2020

Face au courage de la vérité, l’idéologie de la transparence, promue par les réseaux sociaux, confond le privé et le public, ainsi que le médiat et l’immédiat. Il faut donc plutôt défendre, avec Blanchot, le courage de l’erreur qui, sans autorité, nous lie à l’autre.
L’écriture du monde
Authors: Duclert Vincent
Published: April 2020

Dans ses Journaux de voyage , Camus emmène ses lecteurs vers des « pays de liberté » . Cette écriture du monde témoigne d’une attention à la vie, dont la mer est le symbole sensible.
Triptyque sur « l’Au-delà… » Une lecture en trois temps
Authors: Guillerault Gérard
Published: April 2020

Même après tant d’études de penseurs et de praticiens de la psychanalyse lui ayant été consacrées, ce fameux article de Freud reste source inépuisable d’inspiration et de réflexion. On en propose ici le déchiffrage selon trois grands moments qui en composent l’architecture conceptuelle, d’où Freud lui-même en ressort déconcerté, ramenant ensuite (peut-être un peu vite) à une « pulsion de destruction » sa sidérante trouvaille d’une « pulsion de mort », dont Lacan fera l’un des éléments fondamentaux de sa pensée de l’ordre symbolique.
Pour une culture critique de l’IA
Authors: Corteel Mathieu , Kyrou Ariel , Moulier-Boutang Yann
Published: April 2020

L’intelligence artificielle est partout, l’air de rien, pour mieux nous contrôler et nous orienter en douceur. Faut-il se rebeller contre cet état de fait, qui s’impose à nos modes de vie sans la moindre délibération démocratique ? Est-il encore possible ou même souhaitable de jeter ces IA invisibles, voire indiscernables, à la poubelle du numérique ? Ne faudrait-il pas, avant de clamer l’urgence du « danger » qui vient, oser les connaître ? L’enjeu est de construire une culture critique de l’IA, qui associerait artistes, écrivains, chercheurs, ingénieurs, mathématiciens, logiciens, penseurs, philosophes, artisans et bien sûr citoyens dans une même dynamique de réflexion.
Faire de l’IA un instrument et compagnon de musique
Authors: Heudin Jean-Claude , Kyrou Ariel
Published: April 2020

Aux initiatives actuelles pour tenter de faire de la musique avec l’intelligence artificielle, par exemple de Google ou des équipes d’Elon Musk, il manque l’essentiel : l’intention artistique et le feedback émotionnel. Telle est l’analyse de Jean-Claude Heudin, chercheur en intelligence artificielle et sciences de la complexité, mais aussi musicien et compositeur qui travaille sur un projet d’IA pour la musique électronique : Angelia .
Restitutions de basse intensité
Authors: Brun Frédéric , Cadet Emmanuelle , Müller Bernard
Published: April 2020

Le rapport Sarr-Savoy sur la restitution du patrimoine africain a provoqué controverses et crispations. Quels peuvent être les critères de restitution des objets ? Les modes d’acquisition, les usages dans le contexte culturel d’origine, les modalités de retour en Afrique ? Il s’agit ici de faire un pas de côté par rapport au débat sur le devenir des musées détenteurs de collections coloniales, particulièrement euro centré. La restitution n’est pas seulement le déplacement physique d’un artefact d’un musée à un autre, elle est un geste symbolique. Ainsi, dans les angles morts de la restitution formelle, cette Mineure recherche des formes alternatives de restitution de basse intensité, à partir desquels pourrait s’ouvrir de nouveaux horizons d’appropriation.
De la conServation à la conVersation
Authors: Snoep Nanette
Published: April 2020

Nanette Snoep, alors directrice du Grassi Museum für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig (2015-2019) et aujourd’hui à la tête du Rautenstrauch Joest Museum – Kulturen der Welt à Cologne, revient dans cet article sur l’exposition « Megalopolis – Les voix de Kinshasa » (2018) qu’elle accueillit à Leipzig, et sur la manière dont son organisation fut conçue pour donner carte blanche aux commissaires Eddy Ekete et Freddy Tsimba, artistes plasticiens congolais. Les difficultés inhérentes à l’organisation encore dominante aujourd’hui du musée ethnographique, la nécessaire et urgente participation d’acteurs culturels issus des pays d’où proviennent les collections ethnographiques invite à revisiter structurellement son fonctionnement. Comment les musées peuvent-ils devenir des lieux effectifs de décolonisation du savoir et des narrations ? Qui parle et qui parle à qui ? Et comment ? Au lieu d’être un musée confiné à l’exclusive conServation, il devrait se dédier davantage à la conVersation, dans un forum où les objets nous parlent et où les gens se parlent.
Is It Always Wilms’ Tumor? Localized Cystic Disease of The Kidney in An Infant: An Extremely Rare Case Report And Review of The Literature
Authors: Kaselas Christos , Demiri Charikleia , Mouravas Vasilios , Koutra Eleni , Anastasiadis Kleanthis , Spyridakis Ioannis
Published: April 2020

Localized Cystic Disease of the Kidney (LCDK) is an extremely rare benign disease in pediatric population. Although its management is conservative and generally requires no treatment, the unfamiliarity with the disease can expose such patients to misdiagnosis as renal malignancies or uncertainty for proper treatment. We report such a case in an infant and review the current literature.
A brief introduction of "Yogāsana - Jaina"
Authors: Satapathy Bandita , Sahay Gyan S.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Considering the need to unearth the knowledge of yoga hidden in various handwritten manuscripts, the Philosophico-Literary Research Department of Kaivalyadhama, Lonavala has undertaken a long-term project on unpublished manuscripts.

Aims:

The current research work aims to study an unpublished yoga manuscript, "Yogāsana-Jaina," by exploring the details in relation to the author as well as the content.

Method:

The method followed for the current study was descriptive. First, translation of the Ms. from Sanskrit to English, and then a critical analysis of the content were done.

Results:

The whole manuscript, Yogāsana-Jaina, is devoted to the description of āsana s related with Jaina tradition. It describes around 107 āsana s with illustration of each āsana. Out of 107 āsana s, some āsana s are variations of many popular yoga āsanas, some āsana s are presented with right and left variations, whereas some āsana s are presented in different variations as well as names.

Conclusion:

The current Ms. can serve to be of great interest to the yoga practitioners/scholars/researchers interested in the variations of āsana s according to tradition, religion, and/or culture.
Reconstrucción de la identidad profesional del profesorado. Una mirada desde la orientación y la dirección.
Authors: Domingo Segovia Jesús , Barrero Fernández Beatriz
Published: April 2020

El artículo presenta resultados de investigación de un proyecto I+D que se está llevando a cabo en España y es subvencionado por el Ministerio de Educación. El tema abordado es el de la crisis de identidad del profesorado en tiempos de cambio y cómo se puede reconstruir. El objetivo es comprender las claves que orientan las acciones estratégicas de orientadores y directores para reconstruir la identidad profesional del profesorado y para acometer cambios culturales en las instituciones educativas de cara a mejorar los resultados de aprendizaje y hacer sostenible una mejora cualitativa. La metodología utilizada es de estudio multicaso que conjunta datos procedentes de entrevistas a directores, profesorado y orientadores escolares de diferentes escuelas e institutos de Educación Secundaria. Finalmente, se destaca el valor de los procesos internos y colectivos de auto-comprensión como medio pertinente para generar conocimiento y promover la reconstrucción de la identidad profesional.
Analizar el liderazgo distribuido en entornos virtuales de formación.
Authors: Gutiérrez-Santiuste Elba , Gallego-Arrufat María Jesús
Published: April 2020

Se propone un sistema categorial para el análisis del liderazgo distribuido en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje. La herramienta está concebida para el análisis de las comunicaciones escritas síncronas y asíncronas. Está construida según un procedimiento mixto basado tanto en la literatura como en el análisis del contenido llevado a cabo por las investigadoras. Se obtiene la fiabilidad del sistema categorial a través del coeficiente de correlación intraclase alcanzando un valor de ,878. Como conclusión, el sistema categorial propuesto puede ser empleado para la codificación de comunicaciones virtuales a través de chats, foros y correos electrónicos con el fin de obtener resultados fiables que faciliten la comprensión del liderazgo distribuido en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en entornos virtuales.
El caso de un portafolio electrónico docente: Formación, actividad reflexiva y formación social.
Authors: Rigo Marco Antonio
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo aborda un tema de gran interés en el contexto de la formación profesoralcontemporánea: el diseño, desarrollo, evaluación y seguimiento de un portafolio electrónicodocente. El texto tiene como objetivo compartir la experiencia vivida por el autor durante larealización de esta compleja tarea. Inicia analizando algunos de los referentes conceptualesmás destacados en torno a los portafolios académicos. Describe después las señas de identidadprincipales del portafolio docente conformado por el autor, que manifiesta una orientaciónexpresamente reflexiva y formativa. Más adelante expone la estrategia metodológica asumida,que ha supuesto la realización de un estudio de caso aplicado, exploratorio y evaluativo.Presenta enseguida los resultados sobresalientes obtenidos a través de la aplicación de uncuestionario en línea entre los visitantes al sitio Web del portafolio, para concluir enfatizandola necesidad de someter este tipo de instrumentos tecnopedagógicos a una validaciónsistemática y rigurosa.
Competencias digitales en docentes de educación secundaria en México.
Authors: Mortis-Lozoya Sonia , Valdés- Cuervo Angel , Angulo Joel , García Ramona , Cuevas Omar
Published: April 2020

El estudio abordó la percepción de docentes acerca de sus competencias digitales y larelación de esta con variables sociolaborales, académicas y de acceso a las tecnologías. Con un muestreo no probabilístico fueron seleccionados 194 maestros de 15 escuelas secundarias públicas de una ciudad del Norte de México. Se diseñó exprofeso un instrumento que fue respondidomediante una escala tipo Likert. Los resultados señalan que en los factores´Instrumentales' y 'Cognitivos'los docentes se percibieron competentes digitales, mientras que en lo relativo a lo 'Didáctico-Metodológico'lo hacen como no competentes. El desarrollo percibido de competencias digitales se relacionó de manera negativa con la edad y de forma positiva con estudiar un posgrado, la cantidad de cursos recibidos y el acceso a las tecnologías.
LIDERAZGO ESCOLAR: ¿PODEMOS EVOLUCIONAR DE MODELOS DE GESTIÓN EFICIENTE A MODELOS DE JUSTICIA SOCIAL?
Authors: Zufiaurre Benjamín , Wilkinson Jane
Published: April 2020

El artículo ofrece una lectura sobre el liderazgo escolar en un contexto Anglo Americano donde la profesionalizacion de la direccion escolar, el modelo educativo, los estilos de enseñanza, las formas de trabajo, de colaboracion, de participacion..., es una responsabilidad compartida en la Comunidad escolar. Y son algunas opciones de actualidad: estrategias de 'new management', movimientos de eficacia y de eficiencia escolar, escuelas como comunidades de aprendizaje, inclusión y justicia social, las que nos llevan a plantear el liderazgo escolar desde posicionamientos críticos.El recorrido del trabajo, ejemplificado desde un contexto australiano, se contextualiza para hacerlo ilustrativo a lectores hispanos. Son las formas de funcionar las escuelas, y la educación, las que contribuyen a la construcción personal, cultural, social, científica, emocional, moral, saludable, y civica, de niños/as y jóvenes. Y estas son también las que definen las identidades futuras, las oportunidades de aprender, compartir espacios, descubrir, experimentar, cooperar y colaborar.