bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
John Deweyn reflektiivinen ajattelu ja nykyinen kriittisen ajattelun kasvatusideaali
Authors: Kauppi Veli-Mikko , Pettersson Henri
Published: March 2023

Kriittinen ajattelu on ollut jo vuosikymmeniä yksi aikamme keskustelluimmista kasvatuspäämää-ristä. Kriittisen ajattelun tunnuspiirteitä analysoineet tutkijat ovat määritelleet sen ilmiönä kaik-kien niiden henkisten taitojen ja asenteiden ryppääksi, jonka osatekijät saavat yksilön aktiivisesti ja menestyksekkäästi harjoittamaan perusteisiin nojaavaa uskomustenmuodostusta ja päätöksente-koa. Reflektiivinen ajattelu on puolestaan ilmiönä kriittisen ajattelun lähisukulainen, niin syntyhis-torialtaan kuin sisällöltäänkin. Huomion määrässä mitattuna se on sittemmin jäänyt kriittisen ajat-telun varjoon. Reflektiivisen ajattelun kasvatuspäämäärän esitteli viime vuosisadan alkupuolen amerikkalainen kasvatusfilosofi John Dewey, ja hänet nostetaan vakiintuneesti myös kriittisen ajattelun keskeiseksi varhaisvaikuttajaksi. Artikkelimme esittää, että vaikka pintapuolisesti de-weyläinen reflektiivinen ajattelu muistuttaa monin tavoin nykyaikaista kriittistä ajattelua, lähem-mässä vertailussa näiden ilmiöiden väliset erot kasvavat merkityksellisiksi. Ihanteellisen kriittisen ajattelijan toimintaa kuvataan alan tutkimuskirjallisuudessa tunnusleimallisesti tietoteoreettisten kriteerien ja loogisten säännöstöjen toteuttamisen kautta, jolloin tämä toiminta abstrahoituu teo-reettisena ilmiönä erilleen arkisesta elämismaailmastamme eräänlaiseksi ideaaliteoriaksi. Reflek-tiivinen ajattelija sen sijaan kuvaillaan Deweyn teoksissa normatiivisesti tavoiteltavana asiana, mutta ilman ideaaliteorioihin yhdistettyjä ongelmia. Artikkelissamme asetamme rinnakkain kriitti-sen ja reflektiivisen ajattelun, mikä voi auttaa tunnistamaan ja ylittämään kriittisen ajattelun kas-vatustavoitteen ongelmakohtia.
Reflektiivisyys ja ajattelun ajatteleminen lukiofilosofiassa
Authors: Tomperi Tuukka , Veijola Anna
Published: March 2023

Filosofian oppiaineeseen on aina liitetty lupaus ajattelutaitojen ja itsereflektiivisen ajattelun harjaannuttamisesta. Myös kasvatuksen teoriassa kriittiselle itsereflektiolle on annettu suuri merkitys niin oppimisessa yleisesti kuin uskomusten ja tottumusten uudistumiseen vaikuttavassa kokemuksellisessa oppimisessa erityisesti. Perustelemme reflektiivisyyden tärkeyttä filosofianopetuksessa John Deweyn ja Jack Mezirowin näkemyksillä. Filosofian opettajille on ollut tarjolla vain vähän ainedidaktisia välineitä tukea opiskelijoiden ajattelun itsereflektiota. Analysoimme artikkelissa filosofianopetuksen kokeilua, jossa lukiolaisia ohjattiin ajattelutaitojen itsereflektioon käyttämällä filosofi Roger Sutcliffen kollegoineen kehittämää metakognitiivista mallia. Mallin soveltamista käytäntöön kokeiltiin filosofianopetuksessa yhden lukuvuoden ajan keräten aineistoa filosofian kahdelta pakolliselta opintojaksolta. Tarkastelemme lähestymistavasta kertyneitä kokemuksia ja lukiolaisten kuvaa filosofiasta reflektiivisenä oppiaineena. Kokeilu tuo esiin myös haasteita sekä mahdollisia jatkokysymyksiä ja kehittämistarpeita.
Reflektiivisyyden historiaa ja nykypäivää kasvatuksessa
Authors: Perälä Mika , Taneli Matti , Kannisto Tarna
Published: March 2023

Pääkirjoitus numeroon 1/2023.
Nitric Oxide and Salt Resistance in Dahl Rats: No Role of Inducible NO Synthase
Authors: ZICHA J , ŘEZÁČOVÁ L , VANĚČKOVÁ I
Published: March 2023

Inducible NO synthase (NOS II) was proposed to play an important role in salt resistance of Dahl salt-resistant (SR/Jr) rats. Its chronic inhibition by specific inhibitors was accompanied by blood pressure (BP) elevation in animals subjected to high salt intake. The aim of our study was to evaluate 1) whether such inhibitors affect BP and/or its particular components (sympathetic tone and NO-dependent vasodilation) only under the conditions of high salt intake, and 2) whether similar BP effects are elicited after systemic or intracerebroventricular (icv) application of these inhibitors. Wistar rats fed Altromin diet (0.45 % NaCl) and SR/Jr rats fed either a low-salt (LS, 0.3 % NaCl) or a high-salt (HS, 4 % NaCl) diet were studied. Aminoguanidine (AMG) and 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine (AMT) were used as NOS II inhibitors. BP and its responses to acute blockade of renin-angiotensin system (captopril), sympathetic nervous system (pentolinium) and NO synthase (L-NAME) were measured in conscious cannulated rats. There were no significant changes of BP or its components in either Wistar rats or SR/Jr rats subjected to chronic inhibition of NOS II by peroral aminoguanidine administration (50 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks). This was true for SR/Jr rats fed either LS or HS diets. Furthermore, we have studied BP effects of chronic icv administration of both NOS II inhibitors in SR/Jr rats fed HS diet, but we failed to find any BP changes elicited by such treatment. In conclusion, inducible NO synthase does not participate in the resistance of SR/Jr rats to hypertensive effects of excess salt intake.
Preschool Wheezing Phenotypes
Authors: Bush Andrew , Nagakumar Prasad
Published: March 2023

Wheezing in preschool children is very common, with a wide differential diagnosis. It is essential to be sure of the exact sound that parents are describing; the term ‘wheeze‘ is often applied to non-specific sounds. Structural airway disease such as vascular ring should be considered. Thereafter we propose that umbrella terms for preschool wheeze should be abandoned in favour of ‘Hargreave phenotyping’, in which the presence and extent of the components of infection, inflammation, variable airflow obstruction, and fixed airflow obstruction are determined as far as is possible, rather than using a general umbrella term such as ‘asthma’. The justification for this approach is that it leads to a logical approach to treatment in the disparate airway diseases presenting in the preschool years, and should hopefully prevent over-treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. If, despite this approach, doubt remains as to the nature of the airway disease, then a therapeutic trial of treatment is permissible, but it should be for a short defined period only. In any event, such children should be reviewed regularly to see if treatments need to be changed.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Never-Smoking Welding Worker
Authors: Minov Jordan , Karadzinska-Bislimovska Jovanka , Tutkun Engin , Vasilevska Kristin , Risteska-Kuc Snezana , Stoleski Saso , Mijakoski Dragan
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Results from several studies indicate that workplace exposure to welding fumes is associated with increased frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in exposed workers.
Objective: To assess the prevalence and characteristics of COPD in never-smoking welders.
Methods: A cross-sectional study including 53 never-smoking male welders (aged 35–60 years) was performed, and an equal number of never-smoking male office workers were studied as a control. Evaluation of examined subjects consisted of the completion of a questionnaire, baseline spirometry, and bronchodilator reversibility testing.
Results: We found a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms in welders, with significant differences in cough and phlegm. The majority of the chronic respiratory symptoms in welders were work-related. The mean values of all measured spirometric parameters registered with both pre and post-bronchodilator spirometry in welders were significantly lower than in office workers. The prevalence of COPD was significantly higher in welders than in office workers (15.1% versus 3.8%, p=0.041). COPD in both welders and office workers was similar in those aged <45 years.
Conclusion: Our findings support data about the relationship between workplace exposure to welding fumes and persistent airflow limitation.
Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery from Multi to Uniport Approaches: Single-Centre Experience
Authors: Mineo Tommaso Claudio , Ambrogi Vincenzo , Sellitri Francesco
Published: March 2023

The success and evolution of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) renewed the interest for thoracoscopic operations in awake patients. Non-intubated, or tubeless, procedures found progressive credit and uptake. In particular, non-intubated uniportal VATS represents the latest stage in its evolution. An increasing number of more complicated procedures have been successfully carried out with this combined modality.

In the early 2000s, the Awake Thoracic Surgery Research Group at the University of Rome Tor Vergata started an investigational programme of thoracic operations performed without general anaesthesia and one-lung ventilation. Since that date >1,000 operations have been successfully carried out. Initially, non-intubated anaesthesia was successfully employed in non-oncologic conditions such as pneumothorax, emphysema, pleural infection, and interstitial lung disease. Oncologic conditions such as malignant pleural effusion, peripheral lung nodules, and mediastinal tumours were successively approached. Major operations are now being performed in this way. Uniportal access was progressively adopted with significant positive outcomes in postoperative recovery, patient acceptance, and economical costs. Operations of this kind overcome many anatomical and technical challenges satisfying the patient, surgeon, physician, nurse, and economical administrator. The hindrance caused by operating with a breathing lung is that it requires a particular set of skills but experience demonstrates that the learning curve is no longer than that required for any other new endoscopic procedure.

Other investigations have involved the biological impact of the procedure, demonstrating lower concentrations of inflammatory and stress mediators with a lower degree of immune-depression. Psychological preselection of the most suitable patients for non-intubated surgery is one of our fields of investigation. Non-intubated thoracic surgery is projected towards the future and still represents a nearly unexplored and potentially fruitful field.
Inhaler Devices: The past, the Present, and the Future
Authors: Utley Sarah
Published: March 2023

Inhaler handling errors negatively impact asthma control and represent one of the most common challenges in asthma management. Overcoming inhaler handling errors can be achieved by increased awareness of errors, more explicit and consistent training in inhaler use, and development of ‘intuitive’ devices. Clinical studies have shown that dry powder inhalers (DPIs) have better dose consistency and delivery to the lungs, but this is also dependent on device and inhalation technique. In addition, recent clinical studies have demonstrated that Spiromax® is a more intuitive device than Turbuhaler®. In studies analysing patient device mastery, intuitive devices are preferred by patients because they are easy/simple to use and have effective dose delivery.
Application Of Time-Inclined Approach In A High-Order Method For Rotor/Stator Interaction
Authors:   School of Aeronautics and Space Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Corral Roque , Montiel Miguel ,   School of Aeronautics and Space Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Published: March 2023

This work demonstrates for the first time the application of the Time-Inclined (TI) method in a 4th order unstructured flux-reconstruction time-marching code for turbomachinery applications. The inviscid and viscous unsteady results, due to the interaction of a highfrequency incoming gust of total pressure with firstly a linear cascade of flat plates and secondly, a linear cascade of T106 low-pressure turbine airfoils are reported. It is shown that the agreement between the single-passage time-inclined and the equivalent full-annulus multi-passage solution is very high, both for the flat plate and the T106 cascades. Viscous solutions at Reynolds number 100,000 based on the chord have been conducted as well. It is demonstrated that the degree of matching between the time-inclined and the full-annulus solutions is very high as well, at least up to the first harmonic of the blade passing frequency.
Impact of the Spatial Arrangement of Inlet Distortions on Resonant Fan Response
Authors:   Imperial College London, Sureshkumar Prathiban , Lee Kuen-Bae ,   Rolls-Royce plc., Puente Ricardo ,   Imperial College London, Stapelfeldt Sina ,   Imperial College London
Published: March 2023

Predicting the resonant forced response of aero-engine fans from inlet distortions in crosswind conditions is challenging, primarily due to the difficulty in correctly characterising and modelling the inlet distortion. To overcome this difficulty, an understanding of the distortion parameters which influence fan response is necessary. It is generally accepted that the amplitude of the total pressure distortion is an important factor. However, little is known about the importance of spatial arrangement of flow features in the intake. This paper hence presents a systematic study into the range of response levels resulting from different spatial arrangements of the distortion, using unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations of a civil turbofan under crosswind conditions. The results show that the spatial arrangement of flow features in the intake, and thus inlet distortion, can lead to the generation of a large range of fan modal responses; co-location of nodal lines in the inlet distortion and mode shape appear to generate the worst responses. The results also suggest that the order in which intake flow features (i.e. the ground vortex and windward lip separation) interact with the fan can significantly alter the modal response, where this order of interaction could hypothetically be flipped by considering crosswinds in opposing directions, or when considering opposite handed fans. v
Oxy-Fuel Combustion Supercritical CO2 Power Cycle – A Critical Look
Authors:   Bechtel Infrastructure & Power, Inc., Gülen S. Can , Taher Matt ,   Bechtel Energy, Lyddon Lili G. ,   Bryan Research & Engineering, LLC
Published: March 2023

There has been a significant research and development effort directed at development of power generation cycles with supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) as the working fluid. Due to the unique properties of CO2 at pressures and temperatures above its critical point, it is possible to design compact turbomachinery with high efficiency for diverse applications ranging from nuclear power to waste heat recovery. A particular variant of sCO2 power cycles combines the basic semi-closed, recuperated cycle with oxy-fuel combustion to achieve high efficiency with the inherent capability of capturing excess CO2 for subsequent disposal via utilization (e.g., enhanced oil recovery or as an industrial product) or underground sequestration. This feature makes the oxy-fuel combustion (or oxycombustion), sCO2 cycle-based power generation technology a strong competitor with conventional fossil fuel combustion-based systems with pre- or post-combustion carbon capture, e.g., coal-fired thermal power plants and natural gas-fired gas turbine combined cycle power plants. This paper takes a close look at the oxycombustion sCO2 cycle to gauge whether it can be developed into a credible alternative for the latter (since coal-fired power plants are being phased out in developed countries at an increasingly rapid pace).
Aerodynamic Loss in a Linear Turbine Cascade with Tip Clearance and Upstream Casing Coolant Injection
Authors:   Seoul National University, Hong Dunam , Choi Minsuk ,   Myongji University, Kim Myungho ,   Agency for Defense Development, Song Seung Jin ,   Seoul National University
Published: March 2023

This study describes the effect of casing coolant injection on aerodynamic loss in a linear turbine cascade with tip clearance. Four test cases with and without tip clearance and casing coolant injection are compared for this study. The mass flow rate and the non-dimensional swirl of the coolant are 0.5% of the main flow and 100% of the blade tip velocity respectively. Regardless of the presence of the tip clearance, casing coolant injection increases losses associated with the passage vortex and the trailing shed vortex and move their spanwise locations toward midspan. The loss near the casing without tip clearance increases significantly with casing coolant injection. However, in the casing with tip clearance, the loss near the casing is slightly decreased by the casing coolant injection. With casing coolant injection, tip clearance flow is reduced, and the loss associated with the tip clearance vortex decreases. Without tip clearance, the mass-averaged loss increases by 53.9% with casing coolant injection. However, with tip clearance, the loss increases by 15.9%.
High Fidelity Cfd-Trained Machine Learning To Inform Rans-Modelled Interfacial Turbulence
Authors:   Gas Turbine and Transmissions Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Bertolotti Luc , Jefferson-Loveday Richard ,   Gas Turbine and Transmissions Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Ambrose Stephen ,   Gas Turbine and Transmissions Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Korsukova Evgenia ,   Gas Turbine and Transmissions Research Centre, University of Nottingham
Published: March 2023

In aero-engine bearing chambers, two-phase shearing flows are difficult to predict as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) RANS models tend to overestimate interfacial turbulence levels, leading to inaccuracies in the modelling of the flow. Turbulence damping methods have been developed to address this problem, such as Egorov’s correction, however, this method is mesh dependent and results differ considerably according to the choice of turbulence damping coefficient. In addition, this approach assumes a smooth interface between the air and oil phases when in reality they are wavy. In this paper, a Machine Learning method is used to inform an unsteady RANS turbulence modelling. It is trained using high fidelity quasi-DNS simulation data and used to provide an appropriate correction to the popular Wilcox’s standard RANS 𝑘 _− _𝜔 _turbulence model. The correction consists of a machine learning-predicted source term which is used to adjust the energy budget in the RANS transport equations. Demonstration of the approach is presented for a range of interfacial flow regimes.
Aerodynamic Influence of Rim Seal Purge Flow Injection on the Main Flow in a 1.5-Stage Axial Turbine with Non-Axisymmetric End Wall Contouring
Authors:   Institute of Jet Propulsion and Turbomachinery, RWTH Aachen University, Schäflein Lukas , Janssen Johannes ,   Institute of Jet Propulsion and Turbomachinery, RWTH Aachen University, Brandies Henri ,   Institute of Jet Propulsion and Turbomachinery, RWTH Aachen University, Jeschke Peter ,   Institute of Jet Propulsion and Turbomachinery, RWTH Aachen University, Behre Stephan ,   MTU Aero Engines AG
Published: March 2023

This paper presents an investigation of the aerodynamic influence of rim seal purge flow injection on the main flow in a 1.5-stage turbine with non-axisymmetric end walls and a bowed stator using experimental flow measurements and unsteady RANS simulations. The study focuses on the secondary vortex structures formed in the rotor passages of the 1.5- stage axial turbine rig. Through performance map measurements, it was found that the efficiency gain of the non-axisymmetric configuration is partially eliminated by the injection of purge flow. Numerical investigations, which are supported by detailed flow measurements with five-hole probes and hot-wire probes, revealed that the injection of purge air flow intensifies vortex structures near the hub, thereby generating additional losses. These resulting vortex structures are highly similar both in the axisymmetric baseline and the non-axisymmetric configuration and are the result of jet-like vortices emerging from the cavity. From these findings, it can be concluded that the non-axisymmetric contour and the bowed stator no longer provides any efficiency benefit near the hub. Only the near the casing, where the flow is not affected by the purge flow, the optimized configuration continues to improve the efficiency of the rig by homogenizing the stator outflow and thus reducing the secondary flow structures in the rotor passages.
Development of a Novel Partial Admission Turbine for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors:   Institut für Turbomaschinen und Fluid-Dynamik, Armanidis Konstantinos , Seume Joerg R. ,   Institut für Turbomaschinen und Fluid-Dynamik
Published: March 2023

Despite its numerous advantages, fuel cell technology has not yet gained widespread acceptance due to its high cost, obstacles in establishing a fuel infrastructure, and low system efficiency. The latter motivates this paper, which aims at finding energy recovery possibilities in the air supply system of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Efficiency can be improved by recovering the residual enthalpy of the fuel cell exhaust with a turbine. The turbine should i) recover the maximum possible energy over the entire operating range of the fuel cell, ii) be robust against droplet impact, and iii) control the operating pressure of the cathode. To meet these requirements, a novel variable partial admission concept for radial turbines is developed which allows admission ratios in the range of 0.5-1, resulting in effective energy recovery both in the partial-load and full-load operating ranges of the fuel cell. In this paper, the aerodynamic losses of the turbine are first analysed using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. The turbine design is then compared with conventional turbine geometries regarding energy recuperation for fuel cells.
Effects of Flow Coefficient on Two-Bladed Inducer Alternate Blade Cavitation
Authors:   Seoul National University, Yoon Youngkuk , Lee Sang Hyeon ,   Seoul National University, Song Seung Jin ,   Seoul National University
Published: March 2023

An experimental study has been conducted to investigate the effects of flow coefficient on two-bladed inducer alternate blade cavitation. Three flow coefficients (0.051, 0.057, and 0.062) and five cavitation number (0.070, 0.085, 0.100, 0.115, and 0.130) at each flow coefficient are studied. Five unsteady pressure transducers, four pneumatic pressure sensors, and a high-speed camera have been used for flow characterization. As flow coefficient decreases from 0.057 to 0.051, the cavitation number at which the maximum magnitude of alternate blade cavitation occurs and the maximum magnitude of alternate blade cavitation both increase. As flow coefficient increases from 0.057 to 0.062, the same trend appears. The cavitation number at which the maximum magnitude of alternate blade cavitation occurs and the maximum magnitude of alternate blade cavitation both increase.
An Improved Process for Turbine Shroud Optimization in the Preliminary Design Phase
Authors:   Department of mechanical engineering, Martin Salomé , Moustapha Hany S. ,   Department of mechanical engineering, Sanjosé Marlène ,   Department of mechanical engineering, Roy François ,   Pratt & Whitney Canada, Doran Pascal ,   Pratt & Whitney Canada
Published: March 2023

Larger turbine shroud will result in lower tip leakage losses but will increase the rotor mechanical stresses; hence optimization is necessary, especially at the preliminary design of the engine. The improved process developed is as follows: from blade and shroud geometry, the algorithm performs several 3D mechanical analyses in finite element software, allowing the calculation of interpolations to finally extract the largest shroud size. The relative deviation on stress between the 3D new software analysis and the existing process does not exceed 4%, which is acceptable for the preliminary design. In addition, the time saved is considerable: 10 minutes for the existing process as opposed to 1 minute for the lighter simulations. This new optimization method shows that a local and targeted dimensioning, limiting the number of parameters and constraints, responds quickly and precisely to the problem. However, the choice of variable parameters is crucial, hence the importance of the influence of the parameters. This optimization method contributes to the preliminary design phase of the shroud to reduce the design time and gain in accuracy while ensuring the robustness of the process, therefore in the logic of the development of a full Preliminary Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (PMDO) system for the turbine design.
Coupled Eulerian Thin Film Model and Lagrangian Discrete Phase Model to Predict Film Thickness Inside an Aero-Engine Bearing Chamber
Authors:   University of Nottingham, Sandeep Mouvanal Sandeep Mouvanal , Kuldeep Singh Kuldeep Singh ,   University of Nottingham, Richard Jefferson-Loveday Richard Jefferson-Loveday ,   University of Nottingham, Stephen Ambrose Stephen Ambrose ,   University of Nottingham, Carol Eastwick Carol Eastwick ,   University of Nottingham, Kathy Johnson Kathy Johnson ,   University of Nottingham, Adrian Jacobs Adrian Jacobs ,   Rolls-Royce plc
Published: March 2023

The interaction of the oil with air produces a highly complex two-phase flow environment inside aero-engine bearing chambers. It is not currently feasible in the design environment to fully resolve all flow physics including thin films and droplets using numerical methods such as volume-of-fluid (VOF) as they are too computationally expensive. Resolving droplets or the film thickness of micron size using computational grids is not practical for large and complex geometries like bearing chambers. Hence, in the present study the Lagrangian discrete phase model (DPM) is used to simulate oil droplets to reduce the computational cost. The DPM model is coupled with the Eulerian thin-film model (ETFM) to predict the film thickness on the chamber walls. In the present study, the capabilities of the thin-film model to predict film thickness throughout the periphery of the chamber are evaluated on the test case of rimming flows for smooth, shock, and pool regimes. Thereafter, a coupled DPM with ETFM model is used to predict the film thickness on a simplified bearing chamber for shaft speeds ranging from 5000 rpm to 15,000 rpm. The predicted film thicknesses on the chamber wall at different shaft speeds are compared and validated with experimental measurements. A sensitivity study on the DPM inlet conditions including oil droplet size and droplet velocity is investigated and presented in the paper and it shows that the knowledge of inlet conditions are vital for predicting the film formation. The effects of additional terms in the enhanced Eulerian thin film model are also investigated here and it is shown that their inclusion helps to capture more physics of the thin film flows.
Data-Driven Modeling of High-Speed Centrifugal Compressors for Aircraft Environmental Control System
Authors:   Propulsion and Power Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Delft University of Technology, Giuffre Andrea , Ascione Federica ,   Propulsion and Power Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Delft University of Technology, De Servi Carlo ,   Propulsion and Power Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Delft University of Technology, Pini* Matteo ,   Propulsion and Power Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Delft University of Technology
Published: March 2023

The Environmental Control System (ECS) is the main consumer of non-propulsive power onboard aircraft, accounting for up to 3-5% of the total fuel consumption. The use of an electrically-driven Vapor Compression Cycle (VCC) system, in place of the conventional Air Cycle Machine (ACM), can lead to both a substantial increase of the Coefficient Of Performance (COP) at cruise conditions, and to a reduction of maintenance costs. The performance of the VCC system is highly affected by the design of its main components, namely, the compact heat exchangers and the high-speed centrifugal compressor. Therefore, the optimal system design requires the use of an integrated design methodology. This work documents the development of a data-driven compressor model based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The objective is to reduce the VCC model complexity, and the computational cost of the associated optimization problem. The model has been trained on a synthetic dataset composed of 165k unique centrifugal compressor designs generated with an in-house tool, validated with experimental data. The data-driven model has been coupled to an in-house integrated design framework for aircraft ECS, and it has been used to perform the multi-objective optimization of a VCC system for a single-aisle, short-haul aircraft, flying at cruise conditions. The results show that the number of function evaluations used to identify the Pareto front reduces by a factor of three, when leveraging the capabilities of the data-driven model. Moreover, the optimal solutions identified with the novel method cover a wider design space, due to the improved robustness of the VCC system model.
Robustness of Energy Landscape Controllers for XX Spin Rings
Authors: O'Neil Sean , Langbein Frank , Shermer Sophie
Published: March 2023

This project consists of code and data to facilitate investigation of the robustness of energy landscape controllers for transporting a single excitation in XX-coupled spin-1/2 rings of size 5 and 6 under decoherence. The dataset provides controllers optimized for three different performance objectives, and the analysis code is designed to investigate robustness through both statistical estimation and analytic calculation of the log-sensitivity of the fidelity error.
Another Pandemic
Authors: Nowak Ewa , Barciszewska Anna-Maria , Kriaučiūnienė Roma , Jakavonytė-Akstinienė Agnė , Napiwodzka Karolina , Mazur Paweł , Klimenko Marina , Owen Clara
Published: March 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has transgressed biomedical categories. According to Horton, it turned out to be a 'syndrome' that infected virtually all spheres of social life. The pandemic has created toxic social atmosphere highly unfavorable to clinical and clinic-ethical decision making. Constraints and pressures related to micro-, meso-, exo- and macro-environments framing doctors, nurses, and medical students in training were identified. These factors exacerbated moral distress (moral injury) amongst clinicians. In a joint Polish-Lithuanian project (IDUB 2020-2022) we examined predictors of moral distress in pandemic clinical contexts. A survey-based, real-time, correlational and comparative study was conducted in Poland and Lithuania after the first year of pandemic with N=227 participants. Unexpected differences on regular and pandemic-type moral distress levels were found between the two national samples. Polish participants showed significantly higher moral distress levels than their Lithuanian counterparts. The following article discusses these findings and recommends the reinforcement of resilient medical decision making.
Relato de experiência a partir da criação de um núcleo de estudos e intervenções em luto
Authors: Grigoleto Netto Jose Valdeci
Published: March 2023

Formar e romper vínculos são partes inerentes da existência humana. Vivenciamos diversas experiências de luto ao longo da vida, de diferentes maneiras e intensidades. Neste caminho, faz-se relevante desenvolver competências teóricas e instrumentais em futuros profissionais da psicologia que poderão acolher pessoas enlutadas independente do contexto de atuação. O presente estudo possui como objetivo tecer algumas considerações acerca da experiência da criação, organização e execução de um Núcleo Acadêmico de Pesquisas e Intervenções em Situações de Luto - NAPILU e suas contribuições para pesquisas e práticas na área. Como recurso metodológico, este artigo contou inicialmente com um levantamento bibliográfico em pesquisas e trabalhos que discorrem sobre a morte, o morrer e os processos de luto e, na sequência, com o relato dos encontros práticos. Como resultado do projeto, conclui-se que fomentar espaços de discussão sobre o tema da morte e do luto possibilita que os estudantes entrem em contato com temas que, não raro, são pouco encontrados na graduação, ampliando olhares e perspectivas de atuação.
Editorial
Authors: Grigoleto Netto Jose Valdeci , S� Jeferson de Souza
Published: March 2023

É com imensa alegria e satisfação que lançamos a segunda edição da revista Conversas em Psicologia, uma publicação vinculada ao curso de Psicologia da Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências do Norte do Paraná - UniFatecie, localizada na cidade de Paranavaí, Estado do Paraná. Nesta edição, contamos com três artigos que abordam temas de grande impacto na área da Psicologia: primeiro, começamos com um texto que apresenta a Psicanálise e sua transmissão intergeracional; na sequência, no texto seguinte é apresentada a Síndrome de Burnout e os caminhos possíveis para a atuação da Psicologia e, por fim, mas não menos importante, temos um artigo que apresenta um relato de experiência de um grupo de pesquisa que trabalha com a questão do luto. Temas amplos e distintos, mas que carregam em comum a possibilidade de diversos alcances da Psicologia no que tange aos espaços de pesquisa, ensino e atuação profissional. Com esta breve apresentação, esperamos que todos vocês tenham uma excelente leitura e façam proveito dos materiais aqui compartilhados.
Determinants of uncontrolled allergic rhinitis in Kinshasa hospitals
Authors: Kakobo Patricia K. , Kalala Hilaire K. , Kelekele Joseph K. , Mutombo Paulin B. , Nyembue Dieudonné T. , Hellings Peter W. , Kayembe Jean-Marie N.
Published: March 2023

Objective

To identify the determinants of uncontrolled allergic rhinitis (UCAR) in a hospital setting in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Methods

Hospital-based cross-sectional study of 153 patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). The diagnosis of AR was based on clinical grounds according to the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) criteria. Categorization into controlled AR (CAR) and UCAR was based on the visual analog scale (VAS with cut off point of 5). Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with UCAR.

Results

Patients with UCAR (60.1%) proportionally outnumbered those with CAR (39.9%). There were significantly more patients younger than 30 years of age among patients with UCAR. Factors significantly associated with UCAR were age below 30 years (OR = 3.31; 95% CI: 1.49–7.36; p = 0.003), low serum vitamin D level (OR = 3.86; 95% CI: 1.72–8.68; p = 0.001), persistent form (OR = 3.11; 95% CI: 1.39–6.98; p = 0.006) and moderate to severe form of AR (OR = 4.31; 95% CI: 1.77–10.49; p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Factors associated with UCAR in this study population were younger age less than 30 years, low vitamin D level, and persistent as well as moderate to severe AR. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms favoring the occurrence of these factors.
Mid-vastus total knee arthroplasty for medial osteoarthritis recovers gait balance control better than lateral parapatellar approach three months post-surgery
Authors: Lee Pei-An , Wang Ting-Ming , Chen Yu-Ting , Wu Kuan-Hsien , Liu Hwa-Chang , Lu Tung-Wu
Published: March 2023

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) approaches affect recovery outcomes, with different levels of residual loss of muscle strength and functional deficits. The current study compared the gait balance control in older individuals 3 months after TKA via the lateral parapatellar approach (LPPA) and mid-vastus approach (MVA) in terms of the inclination angle (IA) of the center of pressure (COP) to the body’s center of mass (COM) vector, and the rate of change of IA (RCIA). In a gait laboratory, 12 patients with severe medial knee osteoarthritis who had undergone bilateral TKA via LPPA and 12 via MVA were evaluated and compared against 12 healthy controls for their balance control during gait 3 months after surgery. The participants’ kinematic data and ground reaction forces were measured synchronously using an 8-camera motion capture system and three forceplates, respectively, from which the COM, COP, IA and RCIA were calculated using a 13-body-segment model. The LPPA group showed significantly greater sagittal IA during DLS (p < 0.01) but less sagittal and frontal RCIA throughout the gait cycle (p < 0.04) compared to controls. The MVA showed better recovery in the balance control with most IA and RCIA variables similar to those of the healthy controls throughout the gait cycle. The patients with LPPA walked with a compromised balance control throughout the gait cycle while the MVA group showed close-to-normal balance control with a slight decrease in sagittal RCIA during SLS. The current between-approach findings were likely related to the differences in the muscles involved during surgery, suggesting that MVA may be a better choice than LPPA when taking short-term gait balance control into consideration.
Engineering the maturation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Hong Yi , Zhao Yun , Li Hao , Yang Yunshu , Chen Meining , Wang Xi , Luo Mingyao , Wang Kai
Published: March 2023

The maturation of human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hSC-CMs) has been a major challenge to further expand the scope of their application. Over the past years, several strategies have been proven to facilitate the structural and functional maturation of hSC-CMs, which include but are not limited to engineering the geometry or stiffness of substrates, providing favorable extracellular matrices, applying mechanical stretch, fluidic or electrical stimulation, co-culturing with niche cells, regulating biochemical cues such as hormones and transcription factors, engineering and redirecting metabolic patterns, developing 3D cardiac constructs such as cardiac organoid or engineered heart tissue, or culturing under in vivo implantation. In this review, we summarize these maturation strategies, especially the recent advancements, and discussed their advantages as well as the pressing problems that need to be addressed in future studies.
Synthesis, radiolabeling, and evaluation of 68Ga-labeled aminoquinoxaline derivative as a potent PFKFB3-targeted PET tracer
Authors: Chen Feng , Wu Yi , Ma Yixuan , Yin Honghai , Su Feijing , Huang Rui , Wu Xiaoai , Liu Qian
Published: March 2023

Glycolysis, as a multi-step oxidation process, plays important roles in the energy supply for living cells, including malignant tumor cells. Recent studies have revealed that 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (named PFKFB3), a bifunctional enzyme in glycolysis, is upregulated in a variety of malignant solid tumors and has been regarded as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor patients. Based on the structure of selective PFKFB3 inhibitors, we designed and synthesized a radio-metal radiolabeled small molecule, 68Ga-5, which also showed potent selectivity in enzymatic and biochemical tests (with an IC50 value of 12.5 nM). According to further in vitro and in vivo evaluations, 68Ga-5 showed promising properties as a PET ligand, and selective accumulation in PFKFB3-positive tumors was observed in PET images (with max SUV values of 0.60). Our results indicated that radio-metal radiolabeled aminoquinoxaline derivative, as represented by 68Ga-5, held the potential to be developed as selective PFKFB3-targeted PET tracers, and further investigation and optimization would also be required for this scaffold.
Unwinding the mechanism of macrophage repolarization potential of Oceanimonas sp. BPMS22-derived protein protease inhibitor through Toll-like receptor 4 against experimental visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Jayaraman Adithyan , Srinivasan Sujatha , Uppuluri Kiran Babu , Kar Mahapatra Santanu
Published: March 2023

The Oceanimonas sp. BPMS22-derived protein protease inhibitor (PPI) has been proven to shift macrophages towards an inflammatory state and reduce Leishmania donovani infection in vitro and in vivo. The current study explored and validated the mechanistic aspects of the PPI and Toll-like receptor (TLR) interaction. The PPI exhibited the upregulation of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6 during treatment which was proven to orchestrate parasite clearance effectively. An in silico study confirmed the high interaction with TLR4 and PPI. Immune blotting confirmed the significant upregulation of TLR4 in macrophages irrespective of L. donovani infection. Pharmacological inhibition and immune blot study confirmed the involvement of the PPI in TLR4-mediated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and dephosphorylation of ERK1/2, repolarizing to pro-inflammatory macrophage state against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. In addition, in TLR4 knockdown condition, PPI treatment failed to diminish M2 phenotypical markers (CD68, Fizz1, Ym1, CD206, and MSR-2) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β). Simultaneously, the PPI failed to upregulate the M1 phenotypical markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ) (p < 0.001) during the TLR4 knockdown condition. In the absence of TLR4, the PPI also failed to reduce the parasite load and T-cell proliferation and impaired the delayed-type hypersensitivity response. The absence of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed during a co-culture study with PPI-treated macrophages (in the TLR4 knockdown condition) with day 10 T-cell obtained from L. donovani-infected mice. This study supports the immunotherapeutic potential of the PPI as it interacted with TLR4 and promoted macrophage repolarization (M2–M1) to restrict the L. donovani parasite burden and helps in the mounting immune response against experimental visceral leishmaniasis.
Anti-viral drug discovery against monkeypox and smallpox infection by natural curcumin derivatives: A Computational drug design approach
Authors: Akash Shopnil , Hossain Arafat , Hossain Md. Sarowar , Rahman Md. Mominur , Ahmed Mohammad Z. , Ali Nemat , Valis Martin , Kuca Kamil , Sharma Rohit
Published: March 2023

Background

In the last couple of years, viral infections have been leading the globe, considered one of the most widespread and extremely damaging health problems and one of the leading causes of mortality in the modern period. Although several viral infections are discovered, such as SARS CoV-2, Langya Henipavirus, there have only been a limited number of discoveries of possible antiviral drug, and vaccine that have even received authorization for the protection of human health. Recently, another virial infection is infecting worldwide (Monkeypox, and Smallpox), which concerns pharmacists, biochemists, doctors, and healthcare providers about another epidemic. Also, currently no specific treatment is available against Monkeypox. This research gap encouraged us to develop a new molecule to fight against monkeypox and smallpox disease. So, firstly, fifty different curcumin derivatives were collected from natural sources, which are available in the PubChem database, to determine antiviral capabilities against Monkeypox and Smallpox.

Material and method

Preliminarily, the molecular docking experiment of fifty different curcumin derivatives were conducted, and the majority of the substances produced the expected binding affinities. Then, twelve curcumin derivatives were picked up for further analysis based on the maximum docking score. After that, the density functional theory (DFT) was used to determine chemical characterizations such as the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), softness, and hardness, etc.

Results

The mentioned derivatives demonstrated docking scores greater than 6.80 kcal/mol, and the most significant binding affinity was at -8.90 kcal/mol, even though 12 molecules had higher binding scores (-8.00 kcal/mol to -8.9 kcal/mol), and better than the standard medications. The molecular dynamic simulation is described by root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF), demonstrating that all the compounds might be stable in the physiological system.

Conclusion

In conclusion, each derivative of curcumin has outstanding absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) characteristics. Hence, we recommended the aforementioned curcumin derivatives as potential antiviral agents for the treatment of Monkeypox and Smallpox virus, and more in vivo investigations are warranted to substantiate our findings.
Bipolar anodal septal pacing with direct LBB capture preserves physiological ventricular activation better than unipolar left bundle branch pacing
Authors: Curila Karol , Jurak Pavel , Prinzen Frits , Jastrzebski Marek , Waldauf Petr , Halamek Josef , Tothova Marketa , Znojilova Lucie , Smisek Radovan , Kach Jakub , Poviser Lukas , Linkova Hana , Plesinger Filip , Moskal Pawel , Viscor Ivo , Vondra Vlastimil , Leinveber Pavel , Osmancik Pavel
Published: March 2023

Background

Left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) produces delayed, unphysiological activation of the right ventricle. Using ultra-high-frequency electrocardiography (UHF-ECG), we explored how bipolar anodal septal pacing with direct LBB capture (aLBBP) affects the resultant ventricular depolarization pattern.

Methods

In patients with bradycardia, His bundle pacing (HBP), unipolar nonselective LBBP (nsLBBP), aLBBP, and right ventricular septal pacing (RVSP) were performed. Timing of local ventricular activation, in leads V1–V8, was displayed using UHF-ECG, and electrical dyssynchrony (e-DYS) was calculated as the difference between the first and last activation. Durations of local depolarizations were determined as the width of the UHF-QRS complex at 50% of its amplitude.

Results

aLBBP was feasible in 63 of 75 consecutive patients with successful nsLBBP. aLBBP significantly improved ventricular dyssynchrony (mean −9 ms; 95% CI (−12;−6) vs. −24 ms (−27;−21), ), p < 0.001) and shortened local depolarization durations in V1–V4 (mean differences −7 ms to −5 ms (−11;−1), p < 0.05) compared to nsLBBP. aLBBP resulted in e-DYS −9 ms (−12; −6) vs. e-DYS 10 ms (7;14), p < 0.001 during HBP. Local depolarization durations in V1–V2 during aLBBP were longer than HBP (differences 5-9 ms (1;14), p < 0.05, with local depolarization duration in V1 during aLBBP being the same as during RVSP (difference 2 ms (−2;6), p = 0.52).

Conclusion

Although aLBBP improved ventricular synchrony and depolarization duration of the septum and RV compared to unipolar nsLBBP, the resultant ventricular depolarization was still less physiological than during HBP.
Risk stratification in transthyretin-related cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Scirpa Riccardo , Cittadini Edoardo , Mazzocchi Lorenzo , Tini Giacomo , Sclafani Matteo , Russo Domitilla , Imperatrice Andrea , Tropea Alessandro , Autore Camillo , Musumeci Beatrice
Published: March 2023

Transthyretin related cardiac amyloidosis (TTR-CA) is an infiltrative cardiomyopathy that cause heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, mainly in aging people. Due to the introduction of a non invasive diagnostic algorithm, this disease, previously considered to be rare, is increasingly recognized. The natural history of TTR-CA includes two different stages: a presymptomatic and a symptomatic stage. Due to the availability of new disease-modifying therapies, the need to reach a diagnosis in the first stage has become impelling. While in variant TTR-CA an early identification of the disease may be obtained with a genetic screening in proband's relatives, in the wild-type form it represents a challenging issue. Once the diagnosis has been made, in order to identifying patients with a higher risk of cardiovascular events and death it is necessary to focus on risk stratification. Two prognostic scores have been proposed both based on biomarkers and laboratory findings. However, a multiparametric approach combining information from electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, cardiopulmonary exercise test and cardiac magnetic resonance may be warranted for a more comprehensive risk prediction. In this review, we aim at evaluating a step by step risk stratification, providing a clinical diagnostic and prognostic approach for the management of patients with TTR-CA.