bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rixosomal RNA degradation contributes to silencing of Polycomb target genes
Authors: Zhou Haining , Stein Chad B. , Shafiq Tiasha A. , Shipkovenska Gergana , Kalocsay Marian , Paulo Joao A. , Zhang Jiuchun , Luo Zhenhua , Gygi Steven P. , Adelman Karen , Moazed Danesh
Published: March 2022

Polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2) are histone-modifying and -binding complexes that mediate the formation of facultative heterochromatin and are required for silencing of developmental genes and maintenance of cell fate1–3. Multiple pathways of RNA decay work together to establish and maintain heterochromatin in fission yeast, including a recently identified role for a conserved RNA-degradation complex known as the rixosome or RIX1 complex4–6. Whether RNA degradation also has a role in the stability of mammalian heterochromatin remains unknown. Here we show that the rixosome contributes to silencing of many Polycomb targets in human cells. The rixosome associates with human PRC complexes and is enriched at promoters of Polycomb target genes. Depletion of either the rixosome or Polycomb results in accumulation of paused and elongating RNA polymerase at Polycomb target genes. We identify point mutations in the RING1B subunit of PRC1 that disrupt the interaction between PRC1 and the rixosome and result in diminished silencing, suggesting that direct recruitment of the rixosome to chromatin is required for silencing. Finally, we show that the RNA endonuclease and kinase activities of the rixosome and the downstream XRN2 exoribonuclease, which degrades RNAs with 5′ monophosphate groups generated by the rixosome, are required for silencing. Our findings suggest that rixosomal degradation of nascent RNA is conserved from fission yeast to human, with a primary role in RNA degradation at facultative heterochromatin in human cells.
Accumulation-depuration data collection in support of toxicokinetic modelling
Authors: Ratier Aude , Charles Sandrine
Published: March 2022

Regulatory bodies require bioaccumulation evaluation of chemicals within organisms to better assess toxic risks. Toxicokinetic (TK) data are particularly useful in relating the chemical exposure to the accumulation and depuration processes happening within organisms. TK models are used to predict internal concentrations when experimental data are lacking or difficult to access, such as within target tissues. The bioaccumulative property of chemicals is quantified by metrics calculated from TK model parameters after fitting to data collected via bioaccumulation tests. In bioaccumulation tests, internal concentrations of chemicals are measured within organisms at regular time points during accumulation and depuration phases. The time course is captured by TK model parameters thus providing bioaccumulation metrics. But raw TK data remain difficult to access, most often provided within papers as plots. To increase availability of TK data, we developed an innovative database from data extracted in the scientific literature to support TK modelling. Freely available, our database can dynamically evolve thanks to any researcher interested in sharing data to be findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable.
Focal p53 protein expression and lymphovascular invasion in primary prostate tumors predict metastatic progression
Authors: Gesztes William , Schafer Cara , Young Denise , Fox Jesse , Jiang Jiji , Chen Yongmei , Kuo Huai-Ching , Mwamukonda Kuwong B. , Dobi Albert , Burke Allen P. , Moul Judd W. , McLeod David G. , Rosner Inger L. , Petrovics Gyorgy , Tan Shyh-Han , Cullen Jennifer , Srivastava Shiv , Sesterhenn Isabell A.
Published: March 2022

TP53 is one of the most frequently altered genes in prostate cancer. The precise assessment of its focal alterations in primary tumors by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has significantly enhanced its prognosis. p53 protein expression and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were evaluated for predicting metastatic progression by IHC staining of representative whole-mounted prostate sections from a cohort of 189 radical prostatectomy patients with up to 20 years of clinical follow-up. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to examine time to distant metastasis (DM) as a function of p53 expression and LVI status. TP53 targeted sequencing was performed in ten tumors with the highest expression of p53 staining. Nearly half (49.8%) of prostate tumors examined showed focal p53 expression while 26.6% showed evidence of LVI. p53(+) tumors had higher pathologic T stage, Grade Group, Nuclear Grade, and more frequent LVI. p53 expression of > 5% and LVI, individually and jointly, are associated with poorer DM-free survival. TP53 mutations were detected in seven of ten tumors sequenced. Four tumors with the highest p53 expression harbored likely pathogenic or pathogenic mutations. High levels of p53 expression suggest the likelihood of pathogenic TP53 alterations and, together with LVI status, could enhance early prognostication of prostate cancer progression.
Coral calcification mechanisms in a warming ocean and the interactive effects of temperature and light
Authors: Ross Claire L. , Warnes Andrew , Comeau Steeve , Cornwall Christopher E. , Cuttler Michael V. W. , Naugle Melissa , McCulloch Malcolm T. , Schoepf Verena
Published: March 2022

Ocean warming is transforming the world’s coral reefs, which are governed by the growth of marine calcifiers, most notably branching corals. Critical to skeletal growth is the corals’ regulation of their internal chemistry to promote calcification. Here we investigate the effects of temperature and light on the calcifying fluid chemistry (using boron isotope systematics), calcification rates, metabolic rates and photo-physiology ofAcropora nasutaduring two mesocosm experiments simulating seasonal and static temperature and light regimes. Under the seasonal regime, coral calcification rates, calcifying fluid carbonate chemistry, photo-physiology and metabolic productivity responded to both changes in temperature and light. However, under static conditions the artificially prolonged exposure to summer temperatures resulted in heat stress and a heightened sensitivity to light. Our results indicate that temperature and light effects on coral physiology and calcification mechanisms are interactive and context-specific, making it essential to conduct realistic multi-variate dynamic experiments in order to predict how coral calcification will respond to ocean warming.
Growth-stage-related shifts in diatom endometabolome composition set the stage for bacterial heterotrophy
Authors: Olofsson Malin , Ferrer-González Frank X , Uchimiya Mario , Schreier Jeremy E , Holderman Nicole R , Smith Christa B , Edison Arthur S , Moran Mary Ann
Published: March 2022

Phytoplankton-derived metabolites fuel a large fraction of heterotrophic bacterial production in the global ocean, yet methodological challenges have limited our understanding of the organic molecules transferred between these microbial groups. In an experimental bloom study consisting of three heterotrophic marine bacteria growing together with the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, we concurrently measured diatom endometabolites (i.e., potential exometabolite supply) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and bacterial gene expression (i.e., potential exometabolite uptake) by metatranscriptomic sequencing. Twenty-two diatom endometabolites were annotated, with nine increasing in internal concentration in the late stage of the bloom, eight decreasing, and five showing no variation through the bloom progression. Some metabolite changes could be linked to shifts in diatom gene expression, as well as to shifts in bacterial community composition and their expression of substrate uptake and catabolism genes. Yet an overall low match indicated that endometabolome concentration was not a good predictor of exometabolite availability, and that complex physiological and ecological interactions underlie metabolite exchange. Six diatom endometabolites accumulated to higher concentrations in the bacterial co-cultures compared to axenic cultures, suggesting a bacterial influence on rates of synthesis or release of glutamate, arginine, leucine, 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate, glucose, and glycerol-3-phosphate. Better understanding of phytoplankton metabolite production, release, and transfer to assembled bacterial communities is key to untangling this nearly invisible yet pivotal step in ocean carbon cycling.
Theory of electronic resonances: fundamental aspects and recent advances
Authors: Jagau Thomas-C.
Published: March 2022

The treatment of electronic resonances in terms of complex-valued energies is discussed with a focus on recent methodological developments.
Dynamic coordination transformation of active sites in single-atom MoS2 catalysts for boosted oxygen evolution catalysis
Authors: Ran Nian , Song Erhong , Wang Youwei , Zhou Yao , Liu Jianjun
Published: March 2022

Design and synthesis [TMO6] of a doped MoS2 (TMO6@MoS2, TM = Mn, Fe and Co) single-atom catalyst to achieve high OER catalytic activity through an unprecedented dynamic coordination transformation from [TMO6] to [TMO3].
Spinel-based catalysts for the biomass valorisation of platform moleculesviaoxidative and reductive transformations
Authors: Advani Jacky H. , More Ganesh S. , Srivastava Rajendra
Published: March 2022

The utilization of spinel-based heterogeneous catalysts to valorize renewable lignocellulosic biomass to value-added chemicals/fuels is an efficient strategy from green and sustainable chemistry perspectives.
Efficient and economical biosynthesis of high-purity isomaltulose from sugar industrial waste molasses using an engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum strain
Authors: Guo Yi-Shan , Yang Zhan-Dong , Huang Jun-Sheng , Gao Jun-Yong , Chen Xiu-Ping , Cheng Hao , Zhang Ping-Jun , Su Hui-Hui
Published: March 2022

Isomaltulose is attracting interest due to its unique health properties, making it an ideal substitute for sucrose.
Quantitative elemental bioimaging: an antibody-based double-labelling method to quantify the cell-specific distribution of silver nanoparticles in lung tissue sections
Authors: Reifschneider Olga , Blaske Franziska , Vennemann Antje , Köppen Christina , Sperling Michael , Karst Uwe , Wiemann Martin
Published: March 2022

The LA-ICP-MS image shows an overlay of the m/z 197 signal of colloidal gold labelled macrophages (green) and the m/z 107 signal of silver nanoparticles (red) in lung tissue, with colocations of Au and Ag in yellow colour.
A self-contained and integrated microfluidic nano-detection system for the biosensing and analysis of molecular interactions
Authors: Xie Xinwu , Ma Jinbiao , Wang Hao , Cheng Zhen , Li Tie , Chen Shixing , Du Yaohua , Wu Jianguo , Wang Can , Xu Xinxi
Published: March 2022

A self-contained and integrated microfluidic nano-detection system was developed, demonstrating excellent performance for biosensing and analysis of molecular interactions.
Safe near infrared light for fast polymers surface sterilization using organic heaters
Authors: Launay Valentin , Dumur Frédéric , Pieuchot Laurent , Lalevée Jacques
Published: March 2022

NIR dyes (called heaters) are here in situ embedded in the polymeric materials so that they could produce a strong photothermal effect upon NIR light. The eradication of Escherichia coli was demonstrated after only 2 min of safe NIR irradiation.
Establishing a quantitative fluorescence assay for the rapid detection of kynurenine in urine
Authors: Patel Kamlesh , Fernandez-Villamarin Marcos , Ward Craig , Lord Janet M. , Tino Peter , Mendes Paula M.
Published: March 2022

A fluorescence-based assay for the detection of kynurenine in urine for low-cost and high-throughput analysis in clinical laboratory settings.
Ultrasensitive detection of tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles based on nonlinear hybridization chain reaction fluorescence signal amplification and immunomagnetic separation
Authors: Kong Qianqian , Cheng Shasha , Hu Xinyu , You Jia , Zhang Cuiling , Xian Yuezhong
Published: March 2022

An ultrasensitive nonlinear hybridization chain reaction signal amplification fluorescence assay for the detection of small extracellular vesicles.
Quaternary carbon construction through Piancatelli rearrangement: easy access to spirocyclopentenones
Authors: Solanke Pooja R. , Cinsani Radhika , Nayani Kiranmai , Mainkar Prathama S. , Chandrasekhar Srivari
Published: March 2022

An efficient approach to a series of novel multifunctionalized spirocyclopentenone scaffolds through Piancatelli rearrangement under metal-free conditions.
Europium functionalized black phosphorus quantum dots as a CRET platform for synergistically enhanced chemiluminescence
Authors: Liu Houjing , Zhou Yu , Zhou Yuxian , Gou Jing
Published: March 2022

We synthesize stable europium ion modified black phosphorus quantum dots using a microwave irradiation technique, which can react with organic amines constructing a CRET system.
Tuning the binding configurations of single-molecule junctions by molecular co-assembly
Authors: Tong Ling , Bao Shu-Yi , Jiang Chen-Chen , Li Xiao-Chong , Li Jia-Jie , Huang-Fu Xu-Nan , Zheng Ju-Fang , Shao Yong , Wang Ya-Hao , Gao Yi-Jing , Zhou Xiao-Shun
Published: March 2022

Co-assembling 1-ethylimidazole on Au(111) has been shown to be a feasible strategy for tuning the binding configurations of pyridine-linked molecular junctions in the most common aqueous and atmospheric environments.
A 3D FeOOH nanotube array: an efficient catalyst for ammonia electrosynthesis by nitrite reduction
Authors: Liu Qin , Liu Qian , Xie Lisi , Yue Luchao , Li Tingshuai , Luo Yongsong , Li Na , Tang Bo , Yu Lingmin , Sun Xuping
Published: March 2022

An FeOOH nanotube array supported on carbon cloth enables ambient electrochemical nitrite reduction to ammonia, achieving a large NH3 yield of 11937 μg h−1 cm−2 and a high faradaic efficiency of 94.7% in 0.1 M PBS with 0.1 M NO2−.
The hangman effect boosts hydrogen production by a manganese terpyridine complex
Authors: Wu Qianqian , Li Minghong , He Shuanglin , Xiong Ying , Zhang Ping , Huang Heyan , Chen Lin , Huang Fang , Li Fei
Published: March 2022

By virtue of a hangman effect, a manganese terpyridine complex catalyzes electrochemical hydrogen evolution from phenol in acetonitrile solution and achieves a turnover frequency of 525 s−1 with an overpotential of ca. 230 mV.
Supramolecular networks by imine halogen bonding
Authors: Nieland Esther , Komisarek Daniel , Hohloch Stephan , Wurst Klaus , Vasylyeva Vera , Weingart Oliver , Schmidt Bernd M.
Published: March 2022

Imines, which are found in the majority of porous organic cage compounds, can be used to build halogen-bonded frameworks in the solid state.
Total syntheses of strained polycyclic terpenes
Authors: Chesnokov Gleb A. , Gademann Karl
Published: March 2022

Recent total syntheses of small ring containing polycyclic terpenoids are discussed. Specific emphasis is given to ingenious strategies and tactics combined with the state-of-the-art methods.
Hundred-gram scale fabrication of few-layered silicene by a continuous vapor-dealloying strategy for high-performance lithium storage
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Feng Jianmin , Hou Feng , Dong Lei , Long Conglai , Li Dejun , Liang Ji
Published: March 2022

A continuous vapor de-alloying strategy for a hundred-gram scale fabrication of silicene with high-performance Li storage capability.
Sb-Doped high-voltage LiCoO2 enabled improved structural stability and rate capability for high-performance Li-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Cong , Li Tianyu , Yang Xiaofei , Qu Chao , Luo Yang , Wang Yuxiao , Zhang Huamin , Zhang Hongzhang , Li Xianfeng
Published: March 2022

Sb-Doped high-voltage LiCoO2 was developed with unique properties.
Host–guest energetic materials: a promising strategy of incorporating small insensitive molecule into the lattice cavities of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane to enhance the safety on the premise of maintaining the excellent energy density
Authors: Sun Shanhu , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Haobin , Song Xiaomin , Jin Dengyu , Xu Jinjiang , Sun Jie
Published: March 2022

A novel HNIW-MA host–guest explosive was constructed by embedding the mall molecules into the lattice cavities of HNIW, and it enhances the safety on the premise of maintaining its energy density.
Photomechanical crystalline materials: new developments, property tuning and applications
Authors: Ye Yang , Hao Hongxun , Xie Chuang
Published: March 2022

This highlight gives an overview of the mechanism development, property tuning and application exploration of photomechanical crystalline materials.
Dissociative ionization and electron beam induced deposition of tetrakis(dimethylamino)silane, a precursor for silicon nitride deposition
Authors: Shih Po-Yuan , Tafrishi Reza , Cipriani Maicol , Hermanns Christian Felix , Oster Jens , Gölzhäuser Armin , Edinger Klaus , Ingólfsson Oddur
Published: March 2022

Information about the interaction of low energy electrons with precursors helps us improve the composition of electron-induced deposits in the semi-conductor industry.
A theoretical study on laser cooling feasibility of XH (X = As, Sb and Bi): effects of intersystem crossings and spin–orbit couplings
Authors: Li Donghui , Cao Jianwei , Ma Haitao , Bian Wensheng
Published: March 2022

The present calculations reveal the effects of intersystem crossings and spin–orbit couplings on laser cooling of the group VA hydrides, with an empirical law of “crossing point shifting down” down a group in the periodic table generalized.
Geometrical picture of the electron–electron correlation at the large-D limit
Authors: Ghosh Kumar J. B. , Kais Sabre , Herschbach Dudley R.
Published: March 2022

The correlation energy is bounded by an area law εcorr ≤ CΔ(area), which is a close resemblance of the area law conjecture of entanglement entropy.
Molecular simulation of glycerol-derived triether podands for lithium ion solvation
Authors: Barbosa Gabriel D. , Bara Jason E. , Turner C. Heath
Published: March 2022

Glycerol-derived solvents interact strongly with Li+ ions to form distinct crown-like podand complexes.
Mechanical stimulation of energetic materials at the nanoscale
Authors: Kosareva Ekaterina K. , Gainutdinov Radmir V. , Michalchuk Adam A. L. , Ananyev Ivan V. , Muravyev Nikita V.
Published: March 2022

Nanoscale mechanical stimulation triggers the surface rearrangements of picric acid and 3,4-dinitropyrazole crystals.
Synthesis of the β-dipyrrinyl triphyrin(2.1.1) ligand and its coordination complexes
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: March 2022

BODIPY-triphyrin(2.1.1), Pd(ii)dipyrrin-triphyrin(2.1.1), Ru(ii)-dipyrrin-triphyrin(2.1.1) and bis(Zn dipyrrin)-triphyrin(2.1.1) conjugates were prepared from the dipyrrinyl triphyrin(2.1.1) ligand.
MoP2/C@rGO synthesised by phosphating the molybdenum-based metal organic framework and GO coating with excellent lithium ion storage performance
Authors: Du Jiakai , He Changjian , Li Qingmeng , Chai Jiali , Zhang Qianqian , Tang Bohejin , Rui Yichuan
Published: March 2022

With a high specific capacity, MoP2has been identified as an ideal electrode material for LIBs.
Highly regenerative, fast colorimetric response for organo-toxin and oxo-anions in an aqueous medium using a discrete luminescent Cd(ii) complex in a heterogeneous manner with theoretical revelation
Authors: Kanzariya Dashrathbhai B. , Khan Tuhin S. , Das Sourav , Lama Prem , Bandyopadhyay Rajib , Pal Tapan K.
Published: March 2022

The highly fluorophore discrete Cd(ii) complex (1) is showing the selective detection of organo-toxin explosive TNP, lethal oxo-anions and carcinogenic arsenial roxarsone drug through fluorescence turn off process.
Hetero-bimetallic alkali titanosilicates [MOTi{OSi(OtBu)3}3]2 (M = Li–Cs) with terminal Ti–O− groups
Authors: Pérez-Pérez Jovana , Hernández-Balderas Uvaldo , Martínez-Otero Diego , Moya-Cabrera Mónica , Jancik Vojtech
Published: March 2022

Titanosilicate amide [(tBuO)3SiO]3TiNEt2 can be easily converted into the first examples of acyclic alkali titanosilicates [MOTi{OSi(OtBu)3}3]2 (M = Li–Cs).
Unimolecular isomerisation of 1,5-hexadiyne observed by threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy
Authors: Savee John D. , Sztáray Bálint , Hemberger Patrick , Zádor Judit , Bodi Andras , Osborn David L.
Published: March 2022

The unimolecular isomerisation of the propargyl + propargyl “head-to-head” adduct, 1,5-hexadiyne to fulvene and benzene via 3,4-dimethylenecyclobut-1-ene (all C6H6) was studied in the high-pressure limit by threshold photoelectron spectroscopy.
Examining the accuracy of methods for obtaining pressure dependent rate coefficients
Authors: Johnson Matthew S. , Green William H.
Published: March 2022

In this work we benchmark the performance of various methods for obtaining pressure-dependent phenomenological rate coefficients against direct numerical simulations and propose a new method called simulation least-squares.
Alumina-mediated soft propargylic C–H activation in unactivated alkynes
Authors: Feofanov Mikhail , Sharapa Dmitry I. , Akhmetov Vladimir
Published: March 2022

Pre-treated γ-alumina features reactive centers mimicking electronic interactions of propargyls with transition-metal-based catalysts. The combination of soft π-Lewis acidity and Brønsted basicity allows C-H propargyl activation under mild conditions.
Witches, potions, and metabolites: an overview from a medicinal perspective
Authors: Llanes Luana Canzian , Sa Nathalia Biazotto , Cenci Arthur Ribeiro , Teixeira Kerolain Faoro , de França Igor Vinícius , Meier Lidiane , de Oliveira Aldo Sena
Published: March 2022

In this review we present the bioactive compounds of two classic potions: love potion and sleeping potion. This review also includes details on the presence of these bio-active molecules in current medicine and their effects.
Metabolomics reveals the impact of the saturation of dietary lipids on the aging and longevity of C. elegans
Authors: Wang Yanan , Shi Jiachen , Jiang Fan , Xu Yong-Jiang , Liu Yuanfa
Published: March 2022

Dietary lipids play an important role in human health, but their influence on aging and longevity remains to be ascertained.
Efficient one-step synthesis of 3-(indol-2-yl)quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones via electrochemical oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling
Authors: Zhang Hao , Hu Lishan , Yu Kai , Lou Lan-Lan , Liu Shuangxi
Published: March 2022

A novel and efficient synthetic strategy for 3-(indol-2-yl)quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones was developed via electrochemical oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling of indoles and quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones.
A Class III asymmetric binuclear cyanido-bridged mixed-valence complex
Authors: Liu Xiao-Lin , Li Yi , Xu Qing-Dou , Wei Zi-Qin , Wu Xin-Tao , Sheng Tian-Lu
Published: March 2022

Asymmetric binuclear cyanido-bridged complexes, [Cp*(dppe)RuII–CN–RuII(bpy)2Cl]+ (1+), and their one-electron oxidized complexes 12+ have been synthesized and characterized. The investigations show that 12+ may be a Class III mixed-valence complex.
Efficient all-small-molecule organic solar cells based on a fluorinated small-molecule donor
Authors: Qiu Nailiang , Liu Chunyan , Lang Haijiao , Xu Jingyang , Su Rui , Jiang Jie , Tian Jiaqi , Li Jisen
Published: March 2022

A fluorinated donor with a deep HOMO energy level enables efficient all-small-molecule organic solar cells.
Iron- and copper-based bifunctional catalysts for the base- and solvent-free C–N coupling of amines and aryl/benzyl chlorides under aerobic conditions
Authors: Sharma Charu , Srivastava Avinash K. , Sharma Deepak , Joshi Raj K.
Published: March 2022

The chalcogenised ironcarbonyl clusters Fe3Se2(CO)9 and Cu(OAc)2 were found to be outstanding bimetallic catalyst for the Buchwald type C–N cross coupling reaction of amine and aryl chloride.
Solvent-induced reversible high-temperature phase transition in crown ether clathrates
Authors: Zou Ke , Zhang Tie , Ding Kun , Cheng Sai-Nan , Zhang Yi , Ge Jia-Zhen , Fu Da-Wei
Published: March 2022

The phase transitions of crown ether complexes with molecular motor motion triggered by the solvent-induced effect are reported.
Comparisons of bond valences and distances for CO- and N2-bound clusters of FeMo-cofactors
Authors: Yuan Chang , Jin Wan-Ting , Zhou Zhao-Hui
Published: March 2022

By comparisons of N2 and isoelectronic substrate CO bound FeMo-cofactors (FeMo-cos) in nitrogenases, we have used a classical bond valence method to calculate the oxidation states of the iron and molybdenum atoms in FeMo-cos.
The crystalline state of rubrene materials: intermolecular recognition, isomorphism, polymorphism, and periodic bond-chain analysis of morphologies
Authors: Moret Massimo , Gavezzotti Angelo
Published: March 2022

Crystal structure analysis and lattice energy calculations of 33 rubrenes provide a background for new ideas on synthesis and planning of transport properties.
Sensitive and direct electrochemical detection of bisphenol S based on 1T&2H-MoS2/CNTs-NH2 nanocomposites
Authors: Zhang Lingli , Tao Han , Ji Chun , Wu Qiaoling , Wang Xiao , Wu Yuangeng
Published: March 2022

A voltammetric sensor was constructed for ultra-trace BPS detection based on the signal amplification effect of 1T&2H-MoS2 and CNTs-NH2 composites.
Modulating the intrinsic properties of platinum–cobalt nanowires for enhanced electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Chang Fangfang , Liu Yongpeng , Yang Lin , Zhang Qing , Wei Juncai , Wang Xiaolei , Bai Zhengyu
Published: March 2022

The ability to improve the intrinsic activity of nanoalloy electrocatalysts is essential for designing highly efficient electrocatalysts by optimizing the basic physical properties of the nanoalloy.
Organocatalytic enantioselective construction of axially chiral (1H)-isochromen-1-imines
Authors: Wang Ying , Yang Yang , Xu Shiyu , Huang Aima , Chen Lu , Xie Yubao , Liu Pengyutian , Hong Liang , Li Guofeng
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes an intramolecular annulation strategy for constructing the heterocycloalkenyl atropisomers (1H)-isochromen-1-imines, which can be easily converted to atropisomeric lactones.
Mechanistic investigation of enolate/stabilized vinylogous carbanion-mediated organocatalytic azide (3 + 2) cycloaddition reactions for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Chiavegatti Neto Attilio , Soares Kelly Cintra , Santos Maiara da Silva , Aímola Túlio Jardini , Ferreira Antonio Gilberto , Jardim Guilherme A. M. , Tormena Cláudio Francisco , Paixão Márcio Weber , Ferreira Marco Antonio Barbosa
Published: March 2022

Studies of two organocatalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions are provided, with investigation of the elementary steps, intermediates, and transition states in terms of DFT calculations, supported by 1H NMR monitoring, along with DIAS analysis.
Metal-free hydroalkoxylation of ynesulfonamides with alcohols
Authors: Wang Hanhan , Hu Mengjun , Wang Xiao-Na , Chang Junbiao
Published: March 2022

A facile and efficient TfOH-catalyzed hydroalkoxylation of ynesulfonamides with diverse alcohols is described for the preparation of alkoxy-substituted enamides in high yields with excellent stereoselectivity and wide functional group tolerance.
A porphyrin-based metal–organic framework with highly efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation performances for organic dyes
Authors: Chen Xiong-Hai , Zhang Yun-Shi , Li Wen-Bin , Guan Xiu-Wen , Ye Jia-Wen , Chen Ling , Wang Hai-Ping , Bai Jie , Mo Zong-Wen , Chen Xiao-Ming
Published: March 2022

Combination of Sr(ii) and a funtional porphyrin-based ligand produce a metal-organic framework with highly efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation performances for organic dyes.
Continuous stirred-tank reactor cascade platform for self-optimization of reactions involving solids
Authors: Nandiwale Kakasaheb Y. , Hart Travis , Zahrt Andrew F. , Nambiar Anirudh M. K. , Mahesh Prajwal T. , Mo Yiming , Nieves-Remacha María José , Johnson Martin D. , García-Losada Pablo , Mateos Carlos , Rincón Juan A. , Jensen Klavs F.
Published: March 2022

Research-scale fully automated flow platform for reaction self-optimization with solids handling facilitates identification of optimal conditions for continuous manufacturing of pharmaceuticals while reducing amounts of raw materials consumed.
Tailoring electron transfer pathway for photocatalytic N2-to-NH3 reduction in a CdS quantum dots-nitrogenase system
Authors: Badalyan Artavazd , Yang Zhi-Yong , Hu Maowei , Liu T. Leo , Seefeldt Lance C.
Published: March 2022

Efficient photocatalytic N2-to-NH3 reduction was achieved by combining nitrogenase and CdS-quantum dots in the presence of an electron transfer mediator.
Strain-stiffening seal
Authors: Chen Baohong , Chen Chao , Lou Yucun , Suo Zhigang
Published: March 2022

A strain-stiffening seal is soft to accommodate installation but stiff to block fluid flow. Leak by elastic deformation or rupture? We construct diagrams in which the two modes of leak are demarcated.
Multi‐stage attention network for video‐based person re‐identification
Authors: Yang Fan , Li Wei , Liang Binbin , Han Songchen , Zhu Xuan
Published: March 2022

Video‐based person re‐identification (Re‐ID) has received increasing attention in video surveillance analysis in recent years. To extract relevant information of the target, many existing methods utilise the attention mechanism in the residual block of the ResNet. However, these methods only focus on the residual block and ignore the output of the shortcut part, which also contains rich information about the person. To solve this problem, a different aspect of network design is investigated: the insert position of the attention module. To simultaneously explore the discriminative information in both the residual block and the shortcut, a novel multi‐stage attention method is proposed by inserting the attention mechanism between stages of ResNet. Using this method can effectively extract the rich discriminative features of the target to better distinguish different pedestrians and improve the feature extraction capabilities of the model. Extensive experiments are conducted on four popular video‐based person Re‐ID datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of the authors’ proposed method and display its superiority with the existing video‐based person Re‐ID methods.
A methodology of photovoltaic power integration in air conditioning system – An inverter‐less approach
Authors: Das Dhiman , Mishra Sukumar , Singh Bhim
Published: March 2022

The photovoltaic (PV) power generation and cooling demand of the air conditioner are increased along with an increase in solar irradiation. Therefore, considering such fact, in this paper, PV power is integrated with the air conditioner to support the grid. With recent developments in power electronics, the air conditioning systems are operated in variable speed using variable frequency drive (VFD) technology. In this paper, taking the advantage of the VFD technology, PV power is directly injected into the DC bus of VFD using an isolated DC‐DC converter. In this methodology, due to the high‐frequency DC‐DC conversion, high power DC‐AC (50 Hz) stage is eliminated, and seamless power is transferred from PV generation to the load without interrupting the main operation of the air conditioner. Thus, the reliability of the system is enhanced with the reduction in overall cost, conversion losses and bulkiness. With the PV power support, the peak amplitude of the grid current is reduced and consequently the power consumption, reactive power intake from the grid, as well as the harmonics component of the grid current, are reduced. This scheme is used in rural or suburban areas where the solar profile is significant and air conditioner is extensively used.
Fading of pMOS dosimeters over a long period of time
Authors: Ristić Goran S. , Andjelković Marko S. , Duane Russell , Jakšić Aleksandar B.
Published: March 2022

The fading of radiation‐sensitive p‐channel metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors (known as RADFETs or pMOS dosimeters) over a long time period of 10 years after irradiation has been investigated. Fading is, in addition to sensitivity, another characteristic of pMOS radiation dosimeters. It is considered as the recovery of threshold voltage of irradiated pMOS dosimeters during ambient annealing without gate polarization. Usually, there are the fading data for few months after irradiation only. Although fading is a very important dosimetric characteristic, here it is given for the first time in the literature in such a long period of time. Two types of pMOS dosimeters with oxide thicknesses of 400 and 1000 nm are used. They are irradiated without and with a 5 V polarization on the gate. For the first time, the authors came to a very significant result that the key role in fading has the voltage applied during irradiation, but not the thickness of the oxide, and that the pMOS dosimeters irradiated with gate voltage of 5 V have greater fading than pMOS dosimeters irradiated without a gate voltage. Fitting of threshold voltage shift and fading, performed using the radiation‐induced Eγ and Es traps, shows very good agreement with the experimental values.
Traffic speed prediction of high‐frequency time series using additively decomposed components as features
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Yusof Kamaludin Mohamad , Wilson Benjamin , Ziegelmueller Carina
Published: March 2022

Traffic speed prediction is an integral part of an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Advanced knowledge of average traffic speed can help take proactive preventive steps to avoid impending problems. There have been studies for traffic speed prediction in which data has been decomposed into components using various decomposition techniques such as empirical mode decomposition, wavelets, and seasonal decomposition. As far as the authors are aware, no research has used additively decomposed components as input features. In this study, we used additive decomposition on 21,843 samples of traffic speed data. We implemented two statistical techniques designed for double seasonality (i) Double Seasonal Holt‐Winter, and (ii) Trigonometric seasonality, Box‐Cox transformation, autoregressive integrated moving average errors, trend, and Seasonal components (TBATS), and five machine learning (ML) techniques, (i) Multi‐Layer Perceptron, (ii) Convolutional‐Neural Network, (iii) Long Short‐Term Memory, (iv) Gated Recurrent Unit and (v) Convolutional‐Neural Network‐LSTM. Machine learning techniques are used in univariate mode with raw time series as features and then with decomposed components as features in multivariate mode. This study demonstrates that using decomposed components (trend, seasonal, and residual), as features, improves prediction results for multivariate ML techniques. This becomes a significant advantage when no other features are available.
The Lyman Alpha Reference Sample
Authors: Rasekh A. , Melinder J. , Östlin G. , Hayes M. , Herenz E. C. , Runnholm A. , Kunth D. , Mas Hesse J. M. , Verhamme A. , Cannon J. M.
Published: March 2022

Aims.We useHubbleSpace Telescope data of 45 nearby star-forming galaxies to investigate properties of Lyman-alpha (Lyα) halos, Lyαmorphology, and the star-forming characteristics of galaxies. We study how the morphology of Lyαemission is related to other Lyαobservables. Furthermore, we study the interdependencies of Lyαmorphological quantities.

Methods.We studied the spatial extent of Lyαusing surface brightness profiles in the following two ways (i) using circular apertures and (ii) within faint Lyαisophotes. We also measured the average intensity and the size of the regions with a high star formation rate density. The morphology of the galaxies was quantified by computing centroid position, axis ratio, and position angle in the Lyα, ultraviolet continuum, andIband maps.

Results.We found that galaxies with more extended star-forming regions possess larger Lyαhalos. Furthermore, galaxies with more elongated Lyαmorphology are also more extended in Lyα. Our data suggest that Lyαbright galaxies appear rounder in their Lyαmorphology, and there is less of a contribution from their Lyαhalo to their overall luminosity. We compared our results with studies at high redshift and found that whilst the Lyαextent in the inner regions of the galaxies in our sample are similar to the high-zLyαemitters (LAEs), Lyαhalos are more extended in high-zLAEs.

Conclusions.Our analysis suggests that the Lyαmorphology affects the measurement of other observable quantities concerning Lyαemission, and some of the conclusions drawn from high redshift LAEs might be biased towards galaxies with specific Lyαshapes. In particular, faint Lyαemitters have larger Lyαscale lengths and halo fractions. This implies that faint Lyαemitters are harder to detect at high redshift than previously believed.
BEYONDPLANCK
Authors: Galloway M. , Andersen K. J. , Aurlien R. , Banerji R. , Bersanelli M. , Bertocco S. , Brilenkov M. , Carbone M. , Colombo L. P. L. , Eriksen H. K. , Eskilt J. R. , Foss M. K. , Franceschet C. , Fuskeland U. , Galeotta S. , Gerakakis S. , Gjerløw E. , Hensley B. , Herman D. , Iacobellis M. , Ieronymaki M. , Ihle H. T. , Jewell J. B. , Karakci A. , Keihänen E. , Keskitalo R. , Maggio G. , Maino D. , Maris M. , Mennella A. , Paradiso S. , Partridge B. , Reinecke M. , San M. , Suur-Uski A.-S. , Svalheim T. L. , Tavagnacco D. , Thommesen H. , Watts D. J. , Wehus I. K. , Zacchei A.
Published: March 2022

We describe the computational infrastructure for end-to-end Bayesian cosmic microwave background (CMB) analysis implemented by the BeyondPlanck Collaboration. The code is calledCommander3. It provides a statistically consistent framework for global analysis of CMB and microwave observations and may be useful for a wide range of legacy, current, and future experiments. The paper has three main goals. Firstly, we provide a high-level overview of the existing code base, aiming to guide readers who wish to extend and adapt the code according to their own needs or re-implement it from scratch in a different programming language. Secondly, we discuss some critical computational challenges that arise within any global CMB analysis framework, for instance in-memory compression of time-ordered data, fast Fourier transform optimization, and parallelization and load-balancing. Thirdly, we quantify the CPU and RAM requirements for the current BEYONDPLANCKanalysis, finding that a total of 1.5 TB of RAM is required for efficient analysis and that the total cost of a full Gibbs sample for LFI is 170 CPU-hrs, including both low-level processing and high-level component separation, which is well within the capabilities of current low-cost computing facilities. The existing code base is made publicly available under a GNU General Public Library (GPL) license.
M-type (22) Kalliope: A tiny Mercury
Authors: Ferrais M. , Jorda L. , Vernazza P. , Carry B. , Brož M. , Rambaux N. , Hanuš J. , Dudziński G. , Bartczak P. , Vachier F. , Aristidi E. , Beck P. , Marchis F. , Marsset M. , Viikinkoski M. , Fetick R. , Drouard A. , Fusco T. , Birlan M. , Podlewska-Gaca E. , Burbine T. H. , Dyar M. D. , Bendjoya P. , Benkhaldoun Z. , Berthier J. , Castillo-Rogez J. , Cipriani F. , Colas F. , Dumas C. , Ďurech J. , Fauvaud S. , Grice J. , Jehin E. , Kaasalainen M. , Kryszczynska A. , Lamy P. , Le Coroller H. , Marciniak A. , Michalowski T. , Michel P. , Prieur J.-L. , Reddy V. , Rivet J.-P. , Santana-Ros T. , Scardia M. , Tanga P. , Vigan A. , Witasse O. , Yang B.
Published: March 2022

Context. Asteroid (22) Kalliope is the second largest M-type asteroid in the main belt and is orbited by a satellite, Linus. Whereas the mass of Kalliope is already well constrained thanks to the presence of a moon, its volume is still poorly known, leading to uncertainties on its bulk density and internal structure.

Aims. We aim to refine the shape of (22) Kalliope and thus its diameter and bulk density, as well as the orbit of its moon to better constrain its mass, hence density and internal structure.

Methods. We acquired disk-resolved observations of (22) Kalliope using the VLT/SPHERE/ZIMPOL instrument to reconstruct its three-dimensional (3D) shape using three different modeling techniques. These images were also used together with new speckle observations at the C2PU/PISCO instrument as well as archival images from other large ground-based telescopes to refine the orbit of Linus.

Results. The volume of (22) Kalliope given by the shape models, corresponding to D = 150 ± 5 km, and the mass constrained by its satellite’s orbit yield a density of ρ = 4.40 ± 0.46 g cm−3. This high density potentially makes (22) Kalliope the densest known small body in the Solar System. A macroporosity in the 10–25% range (as expected for this mass and size), implies a grain density in the 4.8–5.9 g cm−3 range. Kalliope’s high bulk density, along with its silicate-rich surface implied by its low radar albedo, implies a differentiated interior with metal contributing to most of the mass of the body.

Conclusions. Kalliope’s high metal content (40–60%) along with its metal-poor mantle makes it the smallest known Mercury-like body. A large impact at the origin of the formation of the moon Linus is likely the cause of its high metal content and density.
Optimal fine-scale structures in compliance minimization for a uniaxial load in three space dimensions
Authors: Potthoff Jonas , Wirth Benedikt
Published: March 2022

We consider the shape and topology optimization problem to design a structure that minimizes a weighted sum of material consumption and (linearly) elastic compliance under a fixed given boundary load. As is well-known, this problem is in general not well-posed since its solution typically requires the use of infinitesimally fine microstructure. Therefore we examine the effect of singularly perturbing the problem by adding the structure perimeter to the cost. For a uniaxial and a shear load in two space dimensions, corresponding energy scaling laws were already derived in the literature. This work now derives the scaling law for the case of a uniaxial load in three space dimensions, which can be considered the simplest three-dimensional setting. In essence, it is expected (and confirmed in this article) that for a uniaxial load the compliance behaves almost like the dissipation in a scalar flux problem so that lower bounds from pattern analysis in superconductors can directly be applied. The upper bounds though require nontrivial modifications of the constructions known from superconductors. Those become necessary since in elasticity one has the additional constraint of torque balance.
European solidarity and “free movement of labour” during the pandemic: exposing the contradictions amid east–west migration
Authors: Szelewa Dorota , Polakowski Michal
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 regulations introduced in EU member states in 2020 meant serious restrictions for the free movement of persons, particularly workers. An ensuing gap in the supply of workers raised concerns of food shortages in the West. Governments in several EU member states enacted regulations to except the workers from restrictions facilitating their travel from Eastern Europe. In this study, we focus on EU-level responses to the COVID-19 crisis in relation to labour shortages in the food industry, and on the reactions in Germany and the UK. Firstly, referring to Schmidt (2020) and Wolff and Ladi (2020), we argue that the COVID-19 crisis placed the EU in a permanent emergency mode facilitating a quick response to enable labour mobility with less priority on the coordination of social rights. Secondly, the crisis exposed issues pertaining to working conditions, including housing and sanitation. Thirdly, differences between the reactions in Germany and the UK were consistent with the pre-existing trends in both countries. While a traditional emphasis on quality working conditions made it “appropriate” for the German government to initiate regulatory change, small-scale measures taken in the UK were directed towards maintaining an influx of migrant workers, rather than ensuring adequate working conditions.
OCTA as an independent science advice provider for COVID-19 in the Philippines
Authors: Vallejo Benjamin M. , Ong Rodrigo Angelo C.
Published: March 2022

We comment on science advice in the political context of the Philippines during the COVID 19 pandemic. We focus on the independent science advisor OCTA Research, whose publicly available epidemiological forecasts have attracted media and government attention. The Philippines government adopted a COVID-19 suppression or “flattening of the curve” policy. As such, it required epidemiological forecasts from science advisors as more scientific information on SARS CoV 2 and COVID 19 became available from April to December 2020. The independent think-tank, OCTA Research has emerged the leading independent science information advisor for the public and government. The factors that made OCTA Research as the dominant science advice source are examined, the diversity of scientific evidence, processes of evidence synthesis and, of evidence brokerage for political decision makers We then describe the dynamics between the government, academic science research and science advisory actors and the problem of science advice role conflation. We then propose approaches for a largely independent government science advisory system for the Philippines given these political dynamics.
A newly designed ignition method for miniature radio frequency ion thruster
Authors: Jiang Wenjia , Wei Liqiu , Fu Wenjie , Yu Bin , Song Yan , Cui Kai , Liu Yixuan , Yu Daren
Published: March 2022

The ignition methods used by micro-radio frequency (RF) ion thrusters have a disadvantage, that is, the starting voltage and flow rate are obviously higher than the rated value, which will easily damage the grid after long-term use. To decrease the starting voltage and flow and reduce the damage to the grid, a new ignition system is proposed in this paper. This system uses an intake pipe as the ground electrode, has an inductance coil and a pre-ionization chamber, and enables the miniature RF ion thruster (Harbin Institute of Technology’s RF Ion Thruster 4, HRIT-4) to ignite at the rated voltage and flow by means of strong electric field breakdown and electromagnetic coupling. The experimental results show that when the flow rate is 1.0 SCCM, the ignition voltage is lower than 1900 V, and when the flow rate is 1.5 SCCM, the ignition voltage is lower than 1400 V.
Accurate delivery of chemicals to a small target using a pressure-driven valved micropipette
Authors: Dominick Corey , Yeung Chuck , Wu X. L.
Published: March 2022

We describe a new method for accurately and reproducibly delivering a minute amount of a chemical to a small target in an aqueous environment. Our method is based on a micropipette with a check valve at its tip that can be opened and closed on demand. We demonstrate that this device can produce a flux of 10−12 l in a short pulse lasting less than 100 ms. The finite width of the pulse is due to molecular dispersion of the chemical, in this case, fluorescein. The chemical distribution near the micropipette tip is measured and compared with the results of a numerical integration assuming stokeslet flow. Our technique is of general utility and has applications in microbiology and neuroscience when a precise control of the spatiotemporal chemical distribution around a specimen is desired.