bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing safety climate through occupational safety and health practices mediating by management commitment in the hospital setting
Authors: Ghimire Subash , Mishra Anjay Kumar , Bhaumik Amiya
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Hospitals encounter problems sustaining a favorable safety climate due to their inherent complexity and ongoing needs. This study examines the relationship between occupational safety and health (OSH) practices and safety climates mediated by management commitment in hospitals.
Methods: Data was acquired from 400 healthcare professionals in hospitals in Kathmandu using a structured survey utilizing a cross-sectional quantitative approach. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to ensure representation across different healthcare professional roles in the hospital. The data was collected from February 15, 2023, to April 15, 2023. The complex relationships between OSH practices, management commitment, and safety climate were evaluated by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).
Results: The result findings reveal that the safety climate is significantly influenced by OSH practices, as evidenced by a standardized regression weight of 0.75. This result suggests that better OSH practices result in enhanced safety perceptions. Although management commitment also serves as a critical mediating factor, its effect size is lower, indicating that it remains a critical factor despite its less pronounced impact than direct OSH interventions. The safety climate is primarily driven by OSH practices, as confirmed by the validated framework, and their effectiveness is further enhanced by management commitment. The study's uniqueness was that it inspected the mediating role management commitment plays in the relationship between OSH practices and safety climate.
Conclusion: Hospitals should enhance OSH practices and promote management commitment to improving the safety climate. Future studies should examine additional mediators, use longitudinal studies, and analyze several healthcare settings to further investigate safety climate dynamics.
Factors associated with shoulder pain and disability among Nepalese farmers
Authors: Bimali Inosha , Vongsirinavarat Mantana , Krityakiarana Warin , Mathiyakom Witaya
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Shoulder pain (SP) is a common concern impacting the quality of life (QOL) and productivity among Nepalese farmers. However, the factors contributing to SP are not fully understood. This study aimed to identify the bio-psychosocial factors influencing SP and disability in Nepalese farmers.
Methods: 122 full-time farmers seeking treatment for SP participated in this cross-sectional study. The Nepalese version of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Questionnaire (SPADI-NP), the 11-item Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11-NP), and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS-NP) were used for data collection. Univariate and multivariate linear regressions were used to determine the contributing factors of SP and disability.
Results: TSK-11-NP, PCS-NP, age, gender, and education were significantly associated with the SPADI-NP, with TSK-11-NP (R2=0.42) and PCS-NP (R2=0.40) demonstrating the highest association. The first model with a constant and TSK-11-NP explained 42% of the variance in SPADI-NP. Adding age, gender, and education sequentially, the model improved the ability to explain the variance in SPADI-NP to 46%, 48%, and 50%, respectively. The results indicated that psychological factors were the strongest factor associated with SP and disability in Nepalese farmers.
Conclusions: Heightened kinesiophobia, pain catastrophization, advancing age, female gender, and low level of education significantly contributed to SP and disability in Nepalese farmers. A comprehensive approach addressing these bio-psychosocial factors would be necessary for managing SP and disability and possibly improving the QOL of the local farmers in the region.
Assessing The Role of Women Masons in Earthquake Reconstruction in Dolakha District, Nepal
Authors: Pandey Baikuntha , Thakuri Rita
Published: February 2025

Nepal is one of the most disaster-prone countries globally and has experienced significant seismic activity, including the devastating Mw 7.8 earthquake in 2015. This earthquake underscored the urgent need for skilled masons to construct earthquake-resilient buildings, particularly for the reconstruction of over 900,000 houses. The study seeks to identify factors affecting women’s participation in the construction sector, assess the socio-economic benefits of their work, and explore the sustainability of their skills. The study is based on a qualitative research design. Information is gathered from women masons, municipal representatives, and other stakeholders to ensure a comprehensive study. The fi ndings highlight the transformative role of women in the construction sector, showcasing their potential to alleviate poverty, break cultural barriers, and strengthen the workforce. This research aims to inspire policymakers and communities to promote gender inclusivity in skilled labor, ultimately contributing to Nepal’s economic resilience and disaster preparedness.
Impact of Behavioral Biases on Investment Decisions among Millennial Investors in Pokhara
Authors: Poudel Utpal , Poudel Resam Lal
Published: February 2025

The study aims to examine the impact of behavioral biases, including overconfidence bias, anchoring bias, disposition effect, and herding behavior, on investment decision-making among Nepalese investors, with a specific focus on millennial investors. A purposive sampling method was used to collect primary data, with 200 active millennial investors in Pokhara participating in the study. The research employed descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis to analyze the data. The findings indicate that overconfidence bias was the most prominent factor influencing investment decisions, with a significant positive impact on investor behavior. Anchoring and disposition effects also showed notable positive impacts. However, herding behavior demonstrated no significant impact on investment decisions, suggesting that Nepalese investors, particularly millennials, tend to exhibit independent decision-making behaviors rather than blindly following market trends. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and stakeholders aiming to improve investment strategies and financial decision-making in Nepal. It emphasizes the importance of understanding and managing behavioral biases, especially in the context of an emerging market like Nepal.
Mandibular Condyle Asymmetry among Different Skeletal patterns
Authors: Yadav Rajiv , Yadav Anil , Pokhrel Narayan , Yadav Neelam
Published: February 2025

Background: A pleasing face requires symmetry in all three planes. Abnormality in the symmetric growth of condyles is one of the most common causes of facial asymmetry.
Aims and Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the vertical mandibular condyle asymmetry in different skeletal patterns and among genders.
Materials and Method: Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of 102 subjects (equally divided into three groups: skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III) seeking orthodontic treatment were used to determine the condylar asymmetry. Condylar asymmetry was determined by comparing the heights of the mandibular condyle head and height of ramus on OPG x-rays. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine intrapersonal reliability. Mann Whitney test, Kruskal Wallis test was used to find condylar asymmetry index, ramus asymmetry index and condyle plus ramus asymmetry index across the skeletal classes.
Result: Condylar asymmetry index in Class I, Class II, and Class III patients were found to be 5.54%, 6.66%, and 3.68% respectively. Similarly, ramus asymmetry index was 2.03% for Class I, 2.40% for Class II and 1.53% for Class III. The condyle plus ramus asymmetry index was 1.67, 2.01 and 1.34 for Class I, Class II and Class III respectively. All these differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The difference in asymmetry index was insignificant among the Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusions.
Influence of Maxillary Canine Vertical Position on the Perception of Smile Esthetics among Orthodontists and Laypersons
Authors: Shrivastava Rockey , Sah Madhurendra Prasad , Shrestha Basanta Kumar , Gahatraj Smita , Dutta Kishor , Bohara Prajwol
Published: February 2025

Background: Most patients seek orthodontic treatment to enhance the esthetics of their smile. Orthodontists must consider the influence of mini –esthetics on smile.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the attractiveness of a frontal smile in a model with altered vertical position of the canine and to evaluate the difference between the esthetic perceptions of orthodontists and laypersons.
Materials and Methods: An adult female was selected for this study who was adjudged to have an ideal smile by the authors. The frontal posed smile photograph was digitally altered by adjusting the vertical positions of the maxillary canines above, below, or coincident with the incisal line in increments of 0.5 mm within a range of 1 mm of extrusion and intrusion. For assessment, a web-based survey was formed with six images. A scale was present underneath each image, graded from 0 to 10 (0: unattractive; 10: the most attractive). Images were rated by 98 participants (45 orthodontists and 53 laypersons). The chi-square test was used to compare the ratings between orthodontists and laypersons.
Result: Both orthodontists and laypersons scored 0-mm image as highest with ratings of 8.04 ± 1.33 and 8.24 ± 1.34 respectively and 1-mm extrusion image as lowest with ratings of 2.87 ± 2.31 and 5.23 ± 2.81 respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the ratings of 1-mm and 0.5-mm canine extrusion images among orthodontists and laypersons.
Conclusion: Both orthodontists and laypersons rated the standard smiles (considered harmonious with respect to the smile line) and the smiles with 0.5 mm of intrusion as the most attractive. In general, both groups found smiles with 1 mm of extrusion and 1 mm of intrusion to be less attractive.
Customer Churn Prediction Pada Sektor Perbankan Dengan Model Logistic Regression dan Random Forest
Authors: Mufida Ely , Andriansyah Doni , Hertyana Hylenarti
Published: February 2025

– Customer churn is a detrimental phenomenon in the banking sector because it can reduce revenue and increase the cost of acquiring new customers. This research aims to compare the performance of two models, Logistic Regression and Random Forest, to predict customer churn using datasets from Kaggle. The research process involves data preprocessing such as z-score normalization and dividing the dataset into training data (70%) and testing data (30%). The model was evaluated using a confusion matrix with Accuracy, precision, recall and F1-Score values. Logistic Regression achieved 76.85% Accuracy, 79% precision, 94% recall, and 86% F1-Score, showing quite good performance but susceptible to false positives. In contrast, Random Forest shows superior performance with 83.12% Accuracy, 84% precision, 96% recall, and 90% F1-Score. Random Forest is suitable for problems with high recall requirements because it is more reliable in detecting potential customer churn. To further improve model performance, it is recommended to perform hyperparameter optimization and feature importance analysis. This churn prediction model is expected to help banks reduce churn and increase customer retention.
Analisis Performa Model ResNet-50 Pada Diagnosis Pneumonia Balita Berdasarkan Citra Radiografi Thorax
Authors: Rahmawati Ami , Yulianti Ita , Nurajizah Siti , Hidayatulloh Taufik , Sari Ani Oktarini
Published: February 2025

One of the most serious complications of ARI is pneumonia, where this disease causes sufferers to experience pain when breathing and limited oxygen intake. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), pneumonia is classified as a life-threatening disease due to the high mortality rate caused. To be able to diagnose this disease, patients usually undergo various medical examination methods, one of which is through chest radiography. However, the challenge in diagnosing pneumonia generally lies in the complexity and uncertainty in interpreting the results of these methods. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of building an image classification model based on the Chest radiography dataset from toddler patients using the ResNet-50 architecture, which is a variant of the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) algorithm. The combination of the two methods is applied to analyze and process images and obtain pattern recognition with high accuracy. The research methods used include the application of data augmentation, CNN architecture design, model training, and performance evaluation. The evaluation results show that the model has quite good performance with an accuracy of 85%, which indicates the model's ability to classify images with a fairly high level of accuracy, and has the potential to help the pneumonia diagnosis process more efficiently and accurately.
Sistem Informasi Pemeliharaan Mekanik Pada PT Hurip Utama Karawang
Authors: Haryati Tri , Firlianto Muhamad , Mega Aprita Yessica
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Sistem Informasi Pemeliharaan Mekanik Berbasis Website pada PT Hurip Utama Karawang guna meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas dalam pengelolaan pemeliharaan mesin di sektor industri. Proses pemeliharaan mekanik yang sebelumnya dilakukan secara manual dan tidak terstruktur seringkali mengandalkan catatan tertulis atau spreadsheet yang rentan terhadap kesalahan manusia dan kehilangan data. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, sistem yang dikembangkan dirancang untuk mengotomatisasi jadwal pemeliharaan, mengelola informasi pemeliharaan secara terintegrasi, serta menyediakan platform digital yang aman dan mudah diakses. Sistem ini juga memungkinkan akses real-time terhadap informasi penting seperti kondisi mesin, jadwal pemeliharaan, dan riwayat perbaikan, yang sangat membantu dalam perencanaan pemeliharaan preventif dan penanganan kerusakan dengan lebih efektif. Pengembangan sistem infromasi pemeliharaan mekanis berbasis website menggunakan metode waterfall. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem ini berhasil mengurangi ketergantungan pada metode manual, meminimalkan risiko kesalahan, dan meningkatkan akurasi serta keterbaruan data pemeliharaan. Antarmuka berbasis website yang user-friendly juga terbukti memudahkan pengguna dalam mengelola data, meningkatkan kepuasan pengguna, dan mendukung efektivitas operasional perusahaan secara keseluruhan.
Periodic Videos. Part 1. Nonmetals, semimetals (metalloids), halogens, noble gases, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals
Authors: Разумных Е.В. , Щур Е.Ю. , Биккулова Г.Р.
Published: February 2025

Настоящее учебное пособие, основанное на серии видеофильмов о химических элементах в составе периодической таблицы, предназначено для работы со студентами химических и смежных специальностей и может использоваться как дополнение к учебнику, в первую очередь для работы с профессионально- ориентированной лексикой и развития навыков аудирования. В первую часть вошли такие категории химических элементов, как неметаллы, полуметаллы, галогены, благородные газы, щелочные и щелочноземельные металлы. Пособие снабжено ключами к лексическим заданиям и примерными ответами на вопросы.
Influence of Er:YAG Laser Irradiation on the Outcomes of Pliability of Donor Site Scar: A Case Report
Authors: Chittoria Ravi Kumar
Published: February 2025

The scar is a sequela of any trauma, surgery, or burns. If the scar becomes unsightly it influences the psychological or physical well beingness of the patient. The vascularity status of the scar with the surrounding skin is one factor that can make the scar unsightly. There are many methods of scar management. Laser Therapy using Er YAG laser is one method of management of scars that are widely used in western countries. In India, the data on scar management using Er YAG laser and the effect of Er YAG laser on the pliability of the scar is few. This study was conducted in a tertiary care center in South India on a patient with donor site abnormal scar.
Infantile Hemangiomas Mimic Neurogenic Tumor Behavior
Authors: Wannas Abd Abdulaziz
Published: February 2025

Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (KMS) is a rare disorder that can affect infants from the time of birth, or may appear later in infancy as the vascular malformation grows. KMS require intensive resuscitation by blood and blood product to avoid life threating hemorrhage. A 6-month-old female previously healthy, presented with one-month history of skin rash involving the napkin area with extension to the back. This rash was discovered following her visit to a primary health care center for her routine vaccination and appeared four days after receiving the vaccine. The rash extended over the napkin area without any fever, no itching and no involvement of other parts. Mother tried different types of topical treatments such as creams prescribed by the dermatologist but the patient’s condition did not improve with the peripheral blood sample showing low platelets. Full investigation was done at the hospital and a huge mass was discovered in the para-spinal area involving overall the lumber vertebrae and mildly compressing the spinal cord therefore suggesting a neurogenic tumor by imaging study but later on the tru-cut biopsy actually revealed it to be a vascular tumor namely infantile hemangioma with CD31 positive. Although medical treatment by combined steroid and vincristine are widely used to achieve control over the complications of giant vascular abnormalities, the effect of these drugs are mainly on the symptoms of KMS such as correcting the bleeding profile but without significant effect on the tumor size. Once the diagnosis of KMS was established, multidisciplinary team was required.
Walking towards Green Hospitals: innovation and commitment for a healthy future in Latin America
Authors: Agusto Álvarez María José
Published: February 2025

Aim: Explore the path towards Green Hospitals in the context of Latin America, highlighting the importance of innovation and commitment as vehicles for a healthy future. Methods. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive methodology was implemented that allowed a detailed analysis of bibliographic sources on sustainable practices and initiatives in hospitals in the region. Results. The findings highlight that despite the challenges that still persist in this matter and the prevailing need to evolve towards a healthier future, some Latin American countries have already undertaken actions in the search for Green Hospitals, thus contributing to the strengthening of care. quality medical. Conclusions. The urgency of transforming hospital infrastructure into a positive agent for environmental sustainability becomes evident. The dichotomy between the essential role of hospitals in healthcare and their significant contribution to environmental degradation underscores the need to reevaluate operational actions in healthcare in Latin America, contributing to a more sustainable future that benefits both health of the population and the environment.
Bacteriology Identification of Quorum Sensing in Klesiella Spp
Authors: A. Ali Fattma
Published: February 2025

Many bacteria use quorum sensing (QS) as a communication process to control gene expression in a population density-dependent way. It is essential for coordinating a number of bacterial behaviours, like the formation of biofilms, the synthesis of virulence factors, and the resistance to antibiotics. Numerous virulence components that aid in the establishment of an infection are what mediate a bacterium's infectiousness. Quorum sensing (QS), a mechanism of cell-cell communication, regulates the development of virulence factors such lectin, exotoxin, enterotoxin, fibronectin protein, etc., which helps the bacteria penetrate the host's defense barrier and increase their pathogenicity. The technique of limiting a bacteria's ability to spread in order to adapt to a host and surroundings while still having drawbacks is known as quiescence. The QS system is generally understood to be bacterial cells synthesizing and then sensing a signaling chemical that, depending on the cell population, causes certain response events that are known to be self-inducing. Quorum sensing drives the major bacterial behavior known as biofilm development. Microbial biofilms have been posing a serious threat to the contemporary healthcare system for the past few years, and as the human population becomes more populous, so does the likelihood of them becoming resistant to antibiotics. Infectious illness research is greatly impacted by biofilms, especially when it comes to infections linked to healthcare-associated indwelling devices including prosthetic joints, implants, artificial heart valves, and catheters. Microbial aggregation membranes, or biofilms, are created when microorganisms stick to the surfaces of both live and nonliving things. Significantly, the characteristics of biofilms shield microorganisms from external stresses and strengthen their resistance to antimicrobial treatments, adding to the toxicity and persistence of microorganisms. Thus, one aspect of the bacterial survival mechanism is the creation of biofilms. On the other hand, foodborne bacteria that form biofilms have the potential to significantly increase the risk of foodborne illness infections, which can have detrimental effects on the economy and public health. In healthy individuals, Klebsiella pneumoniae colonises mucosal surfaces and accounts for one-third of hospitalised patients' Gram-negative infections. It is possible for Klebsiella. pneumoniae to acquire antibiotic resistance elements, such as transposons and plasmids that encode different β-lactamases and efflux pumps. Antibiotic resistance is also caused by mutations in several proteins, including but not limited to β-lactamases, efflux proteins, outer membrane proteins, gene replication enzymes, protein synthesis complexes, and transcription enzymes.
A Narrative Review of Atherosclerosis Dyslipidemia
Authors: Chen Chieh
Published: February 2025

Most screening tests for the elevation of plasma lipids include total cholesterol, low- density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride levels. It is generally accepted that elevations in levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, and a reduction in the level of HDL cholesterol place patients at a higher risk of initial and subsequent cardiac events.
Bempedoic Acid: The Latest in Lipid-lowering
Authors: Kalra Sanjay
Published: February 2025

Bempedoic acid is a novel nonstatin drug that has recently been approved for the management of hypercholesterolemia, in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH). This editorial describes the basic and clinical pharmacology of bempedoic acid, and suggests a pragmatic approach to its use in clinical practice.

Dyslipidemia is an important contributor to the burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Ensuring optimal lipid levels is an effective way of reducing ASCVD. Conventionally, statins have been used to manage dyslipidemia.1 However, there still remains a residual risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) which cannot be mitigated by statins. Some individuals are not able to tolerate the drug, while others do not respond even to maximal doses. Alternatives to statins, such as fibrates, ezetimibe and PCSK9i (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease inhibitors) are limited by lack of tolerability, efficacy and affordability, respectively.2 This is unfortunate, because lipid-lowering is considered low-hanging fruit, for CVD risk reduction, as compared to glucose and weight management. There is a lack of suitable therapies that can serve as complements or alternatives to statins. Keeping this in context, the approval and availability of bempedoic acid in India is a welcome development.
COVID-19 Presented with Bilateral Lower Limb Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Gokhroo Archana
Published: February 2025

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a public health emergency of international concern. In this report, we present a case of a 50-year-old man who presented with mild fever, dry cough and shortness of breath. With suspicion of COVID-19 atypical pneumonia, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were taken and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was done and found positive. On Day 3rd of admission, he complained of left lower limb swelling, pain, warmth and tenderness which was progressively increasing and also appeared in right lower limb in next 2 days. He had no risk factors for deep vein thrombosis. Bilateral lower limb venous color Doppler ultrasound revealed dilatation and thrombosis in the left external iliac vein, left common femoral vein up to left popliteal vein and its distal branches & left great saphenous vein and in the right external iliac vein, right common femoral vein up to right saphenofemoral junction, with bilateral saphenofemoral junctions incompetence. Anticoagulation therapy was given along with COVID-19 management and patient improved gradually. Currently, there is minimal data available highlighting bilateral deep vein thrombosis in patients infected with COVID-19. This case aims to arouse the healthcare providers for awareness of deep vein thrombosis in COVID-19 case.
Tropical Coronary Artery Disease and Arrhythmogenic Potentials
Authors: Muthiah Ramachandran
Published: February 2025

Aim: To analyse the increasing burden of coronary artery disease (CAD) in tropical and subtropical belts of the Equator since it remains blurred and carries a grim prognosis.

Introduction: Endomyocardial fibrosis [EMF] is a tropical febrile disorder, confined to peculiar and limited geographical areas. Plaque buildup in endocardium and coronary arteries, causing ischemic injury and arrhythmic episodes, is a vanishing mystery in its pathogenesis and emphasizing alternative routes for understanding and treatment of this enigmatic disease.

Case Report: 15 cases in various age groups were reported with potential complications of coronary artery disease and arrhythmias, associated with endocardial lesions, the characteristic feature of endomyocardial fibrosis.

Conclusion: The narrowing of coronary arteries as a result of thickening of the walls, spasm, inflammation, plaques and its rupture produce ischemic episodes which can occur slowly or suddenly in a devastating pattern with arrhythmogenic potentials. The important steps to prevent and decrease the risk of CAD is to reduce the chance of getting this disorder by epidemiological measures with an advice of blood thinning medications such as small daily dose aspirin, antibiotics in susceptible individuals and revascularization in established myocardial infarction.
Property Relations beyond the Human?
Authors: Nustad Knut G.
Published: February 2025

What happens to our understanding of property regimes when they are analyzed through the case of a translocated colonial fish? The British introduction of trout to South Africa led to enclosures through restrictions on access to trout streams, but also through comparisons with British landscapes ‘at home’. These compound dispossessions went hand in hand with a commoning of access for White people to a fish and a sport reserved for elites. Today, debates over trout as an alien species are entangled with post-apartheid struggles over property rights and restoration. While property relations are relations between people, this case shows that relations between people and fish, and the properties of fish, help us understand processes of dispossession, commoning, enclosures, and a bioethical regime in contemporary South Africa.
Uncommon Ground
Authors: Lien Marianne Elisabeth
Published: February 2025

Recent Arctic warming is a threat to Sámi reindeer herding in the Nordic region as more frequent freeze-thaw episodes temporarily block the reindeers’ access to lichen under the snow. But climate change is only one of the many other contemporary challenges affecting reindeer husbandry, which include the effects of wind turbines and mineral extraction. Based on ethnographic fieldwork among Sámi reindeer owners in Finnmark, Norway, this article discusses how ‘compound dispossessions’ are mitigated and negotiated in relation to Sámi notions of reindeer-herding practices and colonial legacies. The author argues that Sámi reindeer herders are facing ‘uncommon grounds’ due not only to climate change and infrastructural encroachments, but also to repeated mistranslations that amplify compound dispossession in a region marked by shifting bioethical regimes.
Features of Conceptualization of the “Disinformation” Scientific Term in Modern Political Science
Authors: Stepkin Andriy
Published: February 2025

The article analyzes the features of conceptualization of the concept of disinformation in modern political science. It is substantiated that the continuity of modern geopolitical turbulence has caused an increase in the interest of academic communities in studying the processes of production and circulation of disinformation and the principles of policy to counter the spread of disinformation narratives. The analysis has proven the impossibility of creating a unified theory of disinformation, even in a situation of urgent need to strengthen conceptual accuracy. One of the main problems, the solution of which will contribute to the formation of a clear but flexible concept of disinformation, is the problem of simultaneous, and sometimes synonymous, application of a number of categories and concepts through which the empirical cross-section of disinformation is described. Achieving scientific consensus on the measurable characteristics of disinformation will be a step closer to the possibility of developing relevant and applicable models of policy to counter disinformation in real political processes. It has been established that determining the proper place of the political and politically significant context of the emergence and spread of disinformation is fundamental for modern political science.
The Nostalgia Phenomenon in Central and Eastern Europe: Experience or Challenge of Post-Communist Transformations?
Authors: Malyi Taras
Published: February 2025

The article examines the phenomenon of nostalgia for the socialist past in post-communist Central and Eastern European societies, particularly through an analysis of Georgi Gospodinov's novel Time Shelter.

The author examines the significance of individual and collective memory, highlighting how literature reflects sociocultural challenges connected to the past. Special attention is devoted to the relationship between material and immaterial forms of memory, as studied by Maurice Halbwachs and Paul Connerton. The article demonstrates how reconstructing the past through rituals, symbols, and physical objects shapes the formation of social narratives. The research findings suggest that nostalgia for the past often serves as a tool for manipulation, particularly in political and cultural fields.

The article also analyzes how modern cultural and political processes influence memory development, especially in terms of using media tools to create idealized images of the past. It emphasizes the risks of retreating into "comfortable" periods of history and the importance of critically examining the past to avoid social amnesia.

The article presents an interdisciplinary approach to analyzing memory issues, drawing on examples from literature and cultural practices of Central and Eastern European countries, contributing to our understanding of modern social transformations.
La reforma de la Ley suiza de arbitraje internacional: un retoque ligero para una ley bien armada
Authors: Marguerat Jean , Navarro Blakemore Tomás
Published: February 2025

La Ley suiza de arbitraje internacional acaba de ser reformada tras más de treinta años desde su entrada en vigor en 1989. La reforma tiene por objetivo preservar y reforzar el atractivo de Suiza como sede arbitral, manteniendo sus principios cardinales (autonomía de las partes y flexibilidad) y sus características principales (claridad y concisión). Con el fin de actualizar la norma, esta reforma ha tenido en cuenta el importante desarrollo del arbitraje internacional y la jurisprudencia del Tribunal federal suizo. La reforma no introduce cambios de gran calado, sino que se limita a: (i) clarificar algunas cuestiones que quedaban abiertas, (ii) incorporar la jurisprudencia del Tribunal federal suizo que ha venido interpretando la Ley o completando sus lagunas a lo largo de los años, y (iii) integrar algunas de las mejores prácticas del arbitraje internacional, facilitando en especial su empleo y acceso por personas y entidades extranjeras.
Abordări actuale ale sindromului Tourette la copii | [Current approaches to Tourette syndrome in children]
Authors: Stanciu Denisa Paula , Grigorescu Simona
Published: February 2025

Introduction: In the last years, a high prevalence of the tic disorder and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) in the pediatric population was confirmed. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neuro-psychiatric disorder that begins in childhood with motor and vocal tics, as the main manifestation. Objective/Aims: The main objective of the study is to identify the most effective and up-to-date methods of management and treatment of Tourette's syndrome, as well as the degree of its impact on the quality of life of the affected children. Material and method: To carry out this study, a systematic analysis of relevant articles from specialized databases was performed. Results: An increased prevalence of Tourette syndrome in male children were identified. The average age of onset of tics were 4-6 years in 75% of cases. For 40% of these cases, smoking during pregnancy is the most important maternal risk factor. The most common comorbidities associated with Tourette syndrome are ADHD and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The most serious consequences for children with Tourette's syndrome are to be subjects for bullying in parallel with low school performance, which significantly affect the quality of life of these children. Conclusion: The key element in ensuring a better quality of life and maximum integration into society is the most appropriate therapeutic approach from professionals combined with family acceptance and support.
Rezumat
Introducere: În ultimii ani s-a constatat o creștere a prevalenței sindromului Tourette la copii și adolescenți. Sindromul Gilles de la Tourette este o tulburare neuropsihiatrică caracterizată de apariția, încă din copilărie, a ticurilor motorii și vocale. Obiectivul principal al studiului constă în identificarea metodelor cele mai eficiente și moderne de management și tratament ale sindromului Tourette, precum și a gradului de afectare a calității vieții acestor copii. Material și metodă: Pentru realizarea acestui studiu s-a efectuat o analiză sistematică a articolelor relevante din bazele de date specializate. Rezultate: S-a constatat o prevalență crescută a sindromului Tourette la copiii de gen masculin. Pentru circa 75% din cazuri, vârsta medie de debut a ticurilor a fost cuprinsă între 4-6 ani. Fumatul în timpul sarcinii reprezintă cel mai important factor de risc maternal, care a fost pus în evidență pentru 40% din cazuri. Cele mai frecvente comorbidități asociate sindromului Tourette sunt ADHD și tulburarea obsesiv-compulsivă. Cele mai grave consecințe ale apariției sindromului Tourette sunt bullyingul și randamentul școlar scăzut, acestea afectând semnificativ calitatea vieții copiilor care prezintă această afecțiune. Concluzii: O abordare terapeutică adecvată din partea profesioniștilor,coroborat cu acceptarea și sprijinul permanent al familiei, reprezintă elementul cheie care ar putea contribui la integrarea și asigurarea unei bune calități a vieții copiilor cu sindrom Tourette.
Constitutional Policy Protection of North Korean Residents: Focusing on Improvement of North Korean Human Rights Act
Authors:   Korea Society of Unification & North Korean Law Studies(North Korean Law Society), Jin Ho Sung
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the protection of the constitutional rights of North Korean residents, focusing on ways to improve the North Korean Human Rights Act, which has faced various difficulties in enforcement, such as the failure to establish the North Korean Human Rights Foundation since its enactment in 2016. Despite the absence of effective control by our government over the area north of the Military Demarcation Line, the North Korean Human Rights Act was introduced through a difficult legislative process to realize the fundamental rights guaranteed by our Constitution that North Korean residents should universally enjoy as human beings. The North Korean Human Rights Act, consisting of 17 articles, has characteristics such as being a unification law and a foundation for a unification constitution, a product of political compromise, a concretization of fundamental rights norms in the North Korean region, an application of our Constitution to North Korean residents, and primarily an organizational law, which distinguish it from the North Korean human rights laws of the United States and Japan.
Regarding individual provisions, the purpose and basic principles of the North Korean Human Rights Act, the definition of North Korean residents, and other provisions were analyzed and critiqued in light of the interpretation of our Constitution regarding North Korea and its residents. Furthermore, the operational status of major institutions and systems, such as the Advisory Committee on North Korean Human Rights, the North Korean Human Rights Promotion Plan, and the North Korean Human Rights Foundation, was pointed out. In particular, as the launch of the North Korean Human Rights Foundation has been delayed, causing various problems, it was emphasized that bipartisan consensus and active efforts for improvement by the National Assembly and the government are necessary in light of the goal of protecting the universal fundamental rights of North Korean residents. The problems and solutions of the dual system of the North Korean Human Rights Records Center and the North Korean Human Rights Records Repository, as well as the significance and limitations of the North Korean Human Rights Report, were also examined. Additionally, the introduction of new provisions was discussed, including the addition of North Korean sanctions measures, measures to promote freedom of information, the addition of criminal justice procedures, and the possibility of adding substantive content related to fundamental rights.
Challenges of Improving the Volcano Legislation in North Korea
Authors:   Korea Society of Unification & North Korean Law Studies(North Korean Law Society), Oh Hyung Keun
Published: February 2025

Unlike other weather phenomena, volcanic eruption is difficult to cope with due to difficulty in predicting in advance with modern science, and the scale and intensity of human and property damage caused by eruptions are wide and large. The Korean Peninsula, where the two Koreas are located, has not experienced the disaster of volcanic eruption until recently and has not been particularly vigilant, but the recent discovery of the possibility of volcanic eruption on Mount Baekdu has renewed concerns about a new type of disaster.
In North Korea, Baekdu Mountain is regarded as the starting point of the regime and a key area that has the right to maintain the regime by the 'Baekdu Blood', so volcanic eruption and damage caused by it can undermine the legitimacy of maintaining the regime, which is a matter of national concern.
North Korea is taking various measures to cope with the disaster caused by the eruption of Mt. Baekdu, and it can be said that it is the introduction of the Volcanic Sector Act that has concreteness. This precedes that of South Korea, and the eruption of Mt. Baekdu can be evaluated as a declarative measure for disaster management at the government level.
South Korea is also in a position to keep an eye on the volcanic situation of Mount Baekdu, as it will be directly damaged by eruptions due to the short distance from Mount Baekdu, and if North Korea's disturbance and mass defection occur due to a volcanic disaster, it could act as a factor in changing the situation in Northeast Asia.
Therefore, this study aims to present a plan to improve the response system for each disaster stage by deriving content limitations from the perspective of volcanic disaster management by reviewing the volcanic sector law in North Korea. This is because it is possible to prepare the possibility of institutional improvement in South Korea and win-win cooperation between the two Koreas in response to the volcanic eruption of Mt. Baekdu and the volcanic eruption of Mt. Baekdu.
Privatization and Legal Changes in North Korea: Focusing on Loan, Asset Lease and Trade
Authors:   Korea Society of Unification & North Korean Law Studies(North Korean Law Society), Choi Jeong Wook
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on transactions characterized by de facto privatization, specifically the process where North Korean citizens exercise de facto ownership over means of production or accumulate private capital through transactions involving institutions, enterprises or organizations (hereinafter collectively referred to as ‘corporate entities’). As representative cases, it selects three types of transactions for analysis : (1) loan, (2) asset lease and (3) trade. This study examines how North Korean laws are actually applied in these cases.
Citizens were not allowed to directly make loan investments in corporate entities. However, in 2014, the Enterprise Act was amended to include provisions allowing the mobilization and utilization of idle cash funds from citizens. Additionally, in 2024, the Civil Act introduced new provisions enabling corporate entities to accept idle funds from citizens, deposit them in banks and issue ‘corporate bonds’ as a form of direct loan investment.
The leasing of means of production between corporate entities and citizens is not permitted. However, in practice, seemingly legal methods, such as hiring citizens or organizing separate enterprises, can be used to facilitate the leasing of means of production. Meanwhile, the Civil Act amended in 2024 includes provisions that could be interpreted as allowing the leasing of means of production between corporate entities and citizens. However, this is likely to be a simple legislative error that fails to clearly reflect the intent of the North Korean authorities.
In principle, citizens are not allowed to engage directly in trade activities. According to the 2022 Trade Act, only corporate entities with granted ‘trade rights’ (business licenses) can participate in trade transactions. However, citizens can engage in trade in a seemingly legal form by utilizing the name of such entities through employment and entities without trade rights can borrow such rights to engage in trade.
It is not appropriate to simply dismiss de facto privatization as merely illegal or non-institutional. Transactions involving corporate entities are largely based on legal grounds. They are generally carried out in legal or institutionalized forms, utilizing the market while maintaining socialist principles.
Online Rule Learning via Weighted Model Counting
Authors: Koriche Frédéric
Published: February 2025

Online multiplicative weight-update learning algorithms, such as Winnow, have proven to behave remarkably for learning simple disjunctions with few relevant attributes. The aim of this paper is to extend the Winnow algorithm to more expressive concepts characterized by DNF formulas with few relevant rules. For such problems, the convergence of Winnow is still fast, since the number of mistakes increases only linearly with the number of attributes. Yet, the learner is confronted with an important computational barrier: during any prediction, it must evaluate the weighted sum of an exponential number of rules. To circumvent this issue, we convert the prediction problem into a Weighted Model Counting problem. The resulting algorithm, SharpNow, is an exact simulation of Winnow equipped with backtracking, caching, and decomposition techniques. Experiments on static and drifting problems demonstrate the performance of the algorithm in terms of accuracy and speed.
Robust Division in Clustering of Streaming Time Series
Authors: Rodrigues Pedro Pereira  , Gama João
Published: February 2025

Online learning algorithms which address fast data streams should process examples at the rate they arrive, using a single scan of data and fixed memory, maintaining a decision model at any time and being able to adapt the model to the most recent data. These features yield the necessity of using approximate models. One problem that usually arises with approximate models is the definition of a minimum number of observations necessary to assure convergence, which implies a high risk since the system may have to decide based only on a small subset of the entire data. One approach is to apply techniques based on the Hoeffding bound to enforce decisions with a confidence level. In divisive clustering of time series, the goal is to find clusters of similar time series over time. In online approaches there are two decisions to make: when to split and how to assign variables to new clusters. We can define a confidence level to both the decision of splitting and the assignment of data variables to new clusters. Previous works have already addressed confident decisions on the moment of split. Our proposal is to include a confidence level to the assignment process. When a split point is reported, creating two new clusters, we can directly assign points which are confidently closer to one cluster than the other, having a different strategy for those variables which do not satisfy the confidence level. In this paper we propose to assign the unsure variables to a third cluster. Experimental evaluation is presented in the context of a recently proposed hierarchical algorithm, assessing the advantages of the proposal, revealing also advantages on memory usage reduction and processing speed. Although this proposal is evaluated under the scope of an existent method, it can be generalized to any divisive procedure.
A probabilistic analysis of diagnosability in discrete event systems
Authors: Nouioua Farid  , Dague Philippe
Published: February 2025

This paper shows that we can take advantage of information about the probabilities of the occurrences of events, when this information is available, to refine the classical results of diagnosability: instead of giving a binary answer, the approach we propose allows one to quantify, in particular, the degree of non-diagnosability in case of negative answer. The dynamics of the system is modelled by a reducible Markov chain. A state of this chain contains information about whether it is faulty (resp. ambiguous) or not. The useful refinements of the decision about diagnosability are then obtained from the asymptotic analysis of this Markov chain. This analysis may be very useful in practice since it may lead to take the decision of tolerating some non-diagnosable systems, if their non-diagnosability is not critical, and thus allows one saving the cost of additional sensors necessary to make these systems diagnosableThis work is part of DIAFORE project supported by ANR under grant ANR-05-PDIT-016-05.