bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selling Possibilities
Authors: CRAIG LISA R. , FLOOD ANDREW
Published: March 2007

Hypertext, in its most available manifestation, the World Wide Web, is being sold as a force for liberation. One must differentiate the varieties of freedom to better understand how different interests manipulate the freedom mythology to achieve different ends. This study examines the scholars who have framed the hypertext debate and the rhetoric employed by the companies that want to sell it to locate a more complex picture of how these interests use the freedom myth. Such consideration leads to discussion of what might shape hypertext's emergence as more than an information-dispersal system.
Design Information Modeling in 3-D CAD System for Concurrent Engineering and Its Application to Evaluation of Assemblability/Disassemblability in Conceptual Design
Authors: Ishikawa Haruo , Yuki Hironobu , Miyazaki Satoshi
Published: March 2007

In order to achieve high concurrence for product design at the stage of conceptual design, we propose four concepts for the modeling of the products in 3-D CAD system, that is, the solid model involving various kinds of design information (Design Information Solid-Model), the functional block with the design information for conceptual design, the evaluation engine for the concurrence, and the interpretation of functional block as an object/agent in knowledge processing. We made a prototype system for the evaluation of assemblability/disassemblability, as examples of the evaluation of concurrence. The prototype system is based on DIS-model, functional model and evaluation engine. It is shown that the system is very useful for product design based on the concurrent engineering.
Collaboration Task Analysis by Identifying Multi-Context and Collaborative Linkage
Authors: Hasegawa Akiko , Itoh Kiyoshi , Kumagai Satoshi
Published: March 2007

Collaboration task is a complex process because it involves diversified individuals and organizations. They have different per spectives and resources while sharing a particular goal. In order to support collaboration task, capturing general workflow and states of resources is important in the initial stage of system development. Multi-Context Map (MCM) is useful for describing concurrency and contextual switches of general workflow, while clarifying both information and material flows within the task. This paper is an extended version of a paper entitled, "Collaboration Task Analysis by Identifying Multi-Context and Collaborative Linkage," which appeared in Con current Engineering in 1999. We propose Collaborative Linkage Map (CLM), which is complementary to MCM, and configuration process of CLM to integrate it with MCM.

The purpose of CLM is to specify state transitions of resources, which are transferred among the collaborators in the general workflow. Those states of CLM are defined as a combination of Personnel-State Transition Diagram (P-STD), Material-STD (M-STD), and Collabora tion-STD (C-STD). P-STD shows state transitions of personnel and M-STD represents those of materials. C-STD describes the relation ship between P-STD and M-STD.

The construction process of CLM is incremental. First, one P-STD and one M-STD are selected from a list of state transition diagrams (STDs). Next, Collaboration-State (C-S) is defined as a common state, which can be shared between P-STD and M-STD, is selected. Next, P-STD and M-STD is connected by C-S to build C-STD. Therefore, C-STD is obtained as a collection of the C-Ss. Finally, two P-STDs are selected, and one state, which can be shared between collaborators, is selected to be defined as Communication-Inventory (C-I).
Assessment on Tolerance Representation and Tolerance Analysis in Assemblies
Authors: Trabelsi Ali , Delchambre Alain
Published: March 2007

Due to the difficulty of modeling the manufacturing deviations reliably, the existing geometric models, to date, have only con sidered the exact description of parts and assemblies. Yet, the tolerance representation and propagation issues in assemblies are crucial to answer parallel design of product and process queries. Many formal and informal methods have been developed. However, most proved special cases of the ANSI Y14.5M-82 specification standard. Also, the descriptions provided in actual solid and feature based de sign modelers are inadequate to ascertain a clear taxonomy of tolerance specifications, neither do they help address the assembly toler ance analysis and/or synthesis issues.

The paper purposes to discuss the tolerance representation schemes as well as their underlying philosophies. Then, because toler ance analysis and tolerance synthesis in assemblies are required, among other tasks, to assign functional tolerances, measure the manufacturability and the interchangeability of parts in assemblies, ease tolerance inspection and evaluate costs of alternative assembly sequences, we shall assess deterministic and statistical methods.
Generic Bill-of-Materials-and-Operations for High-Variety Production Management
Authors: Jianxin Jiao  , Tseng Mitchell M. , Qinhai Ma  , Yi Zou
Published: March 2007

High-variety production like mass customization is facing the challenge of effective variety management, which needs to deal with numerous variants of both product and process in order to accommodate diverse customer requirements. To utilize commonality underlying product diversity and process variation, it has been widely accepted as a practice to develop product families, in which a set of similar variants share common product and process structures and variety differentiates within these common structures. Based on such variety implication, this paper proposes a data structure, called generic Bill-of-Materials-and-Operations (BOMO), by unifying Bills- of-Materials (BOM) and routing data into a single set in order to synchronize multiple perspectives on variety such as customer ordering, product engineering, and operations planning. A generic structure is accordingly developed for characterizing variety effectively. The merits of the generic BOMO for integrated product and production data management are detailed in terms of order processing, engi neering change control, production job planning, cost accounting, as well as integrated material and capacity planning. An implementa tion of the proposed generic BOMO methodology in customized souvenir clock manufacturing is also reported.
Using Flexible Criteria to Improve Manufacturing Validation During Product Development
Authors: Hammett Patrick C. , Wahl Shannon M. , Baron Jay S.
Published: March 2007

In order to improve engineering product designs and reduce the number of problems that occur during a new product launch, firms have focused on integrating downstream product development processes into the design phases. Unfortunately, this resource inte gration to solve problems has been less common in the back-end of product development, particularly for complex products involving many components such as an automotive body. Here, manufacturing firms use sequential validation procedures first to approve compo nents, then subassemblies, and finally the end product. One trend has been to tighten component tolerances in efforts to avoid or mini mize downstream assembly problems. These stricter component requirements, however, often result in timing delays and cost overruns due to unnecessary rework of components. For complex-assemblies, the use of "flexible criteria" and an approach called "functional build" can significantly reduce validation time and costs yet still meet end product quality objectives. This paper examines this functional build approach to manufacturing validation and demonstrates its effectiveness with an automotive case example.
Forty Cases: A Framework for Studying the Effects of Career Counseling on Career and Personal Adjustment
Authors: Spokane Arnold R. , Fretz Bruce R.
Published: March 2007

Two sets of research findings, the demonstrated effects of career counseling on career adjustment and the relationship between career adjustment and physical and mental health, were combined to provide the rationale for studies of the effects of career counseling on mental health and psychopathology. A two-phase, discovery- oriented research paradigm was used to collect traditional career adjustment data, mental health adjustment data, client and therapist counseling process data, and demographic data. One hundred and eighty-eight adult clients were screened for moderate levels of both career and mental health concerns. Forty of those adults then received a minimum of eight sessions of career counseling. Studies using this data base are now under way examining (a) the effects of career counseling on mental health adjustment, (b) the relationship between career adjustment and mental health adjustment, and (c) the relationship between counseling process and career and mental health adjustment. This article details this new research paradigm and describes specific analyses now being conducted.
Moderators of the Prediction of Job Satisfaction from Congruence: A Test of Holland's Theory
Authors: Carson Andrew D. , Mowsesian Richard
Published: March 2007

An outgrowth of the search for individual differences serving to enhance the predictability of behavior has led to speculations on the nature of personality characteristics which might moderate the extent to which work outcomes depend on degree of person- environment fit or congruence. This study investigated the extent to which three constructs proposed by Holland (1985; differentiation, consistency, and vocational identity) indeed moderate the strength of the congruence-satisfaction relationship. A sample of 139 employed adults who had completed Strong Interest Inventories between 1 and 6 years earlier completed measures of job satisfaction and vocational identity. The results indicated that none of Holland's proposed constructs moderated the strength of the congruence-satisfaction relationship, although congruence did emerge as a stronger predictor of job satisfaction for older males than for younger males. Implications for vocational assessment and career counseling are discussed.
Vocational Assessment Training in Terminal Master's-Level Counseling Psychology Programs: A Follow-Up to a Previous Study
Authors: Edward Watkins C.
Published: March 2007

To gather information about the vocational assessment training offered in terminal master's-level counseling psychology programs, 36 such programs were surveyed. Based on 29 returned questionnaires (81%), it was found that (1) most terminal master's programs did not offer discrete required/elective coursework in vocational assessment, (2) where vocational assessment instruction was offered, the Strong Interest Inventory was most frequently mentioned as being taught across programs, and (3) most training directors/assessment instructors (70%) viewed vocational assessment skills as being of moderate to no importance for the master's-level counseling psychology practitioner. These results are compared with results from an identical survey carried out on doctoral-level counseling psychology programs (Watkins, Campbell, & Manus, 1990), and some discussion of differences and similarities between the survey findings is provided.
Dimensionality of the Career Decision Scale: Methodological, Cross-Cultural, and Clinical Issues
Authors: Laplante Benoit , Coallier Jean-Claude , Sabourin Stéphane , Martin France
Published: March 2007

In two related papers, Shimizu, Vondracek, Schulenberg, and Hostetler (1988) and Schulenberg, Shimizu, Vondracek, and Hostetler (1988) proposed a four-factor model of the Career Decision Scale (CDS; Osipow, Carney, Winer, Yanico, & Koschier, 1976). In Martin, Sabourin, Laplante, and Coallier (1991), we tested the relevance of this model using more robust estimation techniques. Our conclusions contradicted those of Shimizu et al. (1988) and Schulenberg et al. (1988): We concluded that the CDS has no clear dimensional structure and recommended the use of the total score and not that of its subscales. Shimizu, Vondracek, and Schulenberg (1994) is a reply to our paper in which these authors raise doubts about our methodological choices and present results of the reanalysis of their original data using our methodology. Here we explain why most of the critics of our methodology and interpretations are mislead, and why the results they got with the use of our methodology proves exactly the opposite of what they claim. We also review other matters discussed by Shimizu et al. (1988): cross-cultural comparison and clinical issues. We conclude by reasserting that the CDS is a reliable instrument for the measurement of career indecision level, but not of anything else because it has no clear dimensional structure.
The Development and Validation of Coping With Career Indecision
Authors: Larson Lisa M. , Toulouse Alan L. , Ngumba Wanjiru E. , Fitzpatrick Laurie A. , Heppner P. Paul
Published: March 2007

This paper reports on four studies which provide the initial reliability and validity estimates regarding Coping With Career Indecision (CCI; Larson, 1992), a career indecision instrument that focuses on people's coping appraisals during career indecision. The factor analysis indicated at least four content areas: subjective career distress and obstacles, active problem-solving, academic self-efficacy, and career myths. Estimates of reliability indicate these constructs are internally consistent and reliable over a 2-week period. Moreover, students who endorse difficulty on the CCI also report: weaker vocational identities, less career certainty, more career indecision, and more ineffective problem-solving appraisal. The CCI also correlates minimally with academic achievement, aptitude, or personality types. Finally, the CCI factor scores accurately identified 85% of students into a very decided and a very undecided group.
Assessing Career Search Expectations: Development and Validation of the Career Search Efficacy Scale
Authors: Solberg V. Scott , Good Glenn E. , Nord Dennis , Holm Cheryl , Hohner Robin , Zima Nicole , Heffernan Mary , Malen Ann
Published: March 2007

An instrument was developed to assess the career search efficacy of individuals who are interested in finding careers or jobs, changing careers or jobs, or reentering the job market. Principal components analysis of the 35-item Career Search Efficacy Scale (CSES; Solberg, Good, & Nord, 1991) yielded four factors: (a) Job Exploration, (b) Interviewing, (c) Networking, and (d) Personal Exploration Efficacy. Internal consistency for the subscales ranged from .87 to .95 indicating very good internal consistency. Convergent and discriminant validity of the CSES was also assessed. A principle component analysis indicated that the CSES converged with indices of career self-efficacy and discriminated from personality measures (e.g., assertiveness, interpersonal skills, and instrumentality). Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
The Relationships Among Occupational and Task-Specific Measures of Career Self-Efficacy
Authors: Williams Theodore W. , Betz Nancy E.
Published: March 2007

The Short Form of the Task-Specific Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale (TSOSS; Osipow, Temple, & Rooney, 1993) and a measure of self-efficacy with respect to 20 occupational titles (Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale [OSES; Betz & Hackett, 1981]) were administered to 111 male and 159 female college students. Results indicated significant gender and order of administration effects for both task- specific and occupational self-efficacy, with higher scores found among males and when the OSES, versus the TSOSS, was administered first. Relationships between task-specific and occupational self-efficacy were moderate in size, and TSOSS factor score intercorrelations were significantly stronger in females than males.
Gender Differences on the Values Scale for Ethnic Minority Students
Authors: Vacha-Haase Tammi , Walsh Beverly Dolenz , Kapes Jerome T. , Dresden Judith H. , Thomson William A. , Ochoa-Shargey Bernice , Camacho Zanaido
Published: March 2007

Participants in the study were 323 Hispanic- and African- American students enrolled in various summer enrichment programs sponsored by Baylor College of Medicine. This sample consisted of 101 males and 222 females who were predominantly African- American and Hispanic-American and had a mean age of 16.70 years (SD = 3.62). All participants completed the Values Scale (VS; Nevill & Super, 1986), a research and counseling instrument that was created to assess intrinsic and extrinsic work values. Work values that differentiated between the male and female minority students in this sample included Creativity, Aesthetics, Altruism, Social Relations, and Life Style, with males placing more emphasis on these values than females. As the VS was normed separately for males and females, differences found in the present study may be due to the cultural differences between the normative sample and the ethnic minorities in the present sample.
Life-History and Developmental Antecedents of Female Vocational Preferences
Authors: Reichel Laura S. , Muchinsky Paul M.
Published: March 2007

The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship among life-history experiences, sex-role orientation, self-esteem, and females' vocational preferences according to Holland's typology. The sample consisted of 296 undergraduate female college students. Data were gathered from the Strong Interest Inventory (SII; Hansen & Campbell, 1985), the Biographical Questionnaire (BQ; Owens, 1971), the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI; Bem, 1981), and the Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI; Coopersmith, 1987). Multiple discriminant analyses revealed that 77.2% of the variance in RIASEC group membership could be explained by the discriminating variables. Life-history information was more predictive of vocational interests than either sex-role orientation or self-esteem. The results were discussed in the context of previous research on predicting the vocational interests of females.
Dimensions Relating Holland's Vocational Personality Typology and the Five-Factor Model
Authors: Tokar David M. , Vaux Alan , Swanson Jane L.
Published: March 2007

This study examined the correspondence between two models of personality structure, both of which purport to be comprehensive: Holland's (1992) vocational personality typology and the five-factor model. In this research, 102 female and 91 male college students completed the Self-Directed Search (SDS; Holland, 1985a) and the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI; Costa & McCrae, 1985). Results of canonical analyses revealed two dimensions to which SDS and NEO-PI variable sets were related for both females and males; however, the nature of the dimension pairs differed by gender. For females, significant overlap between SDS and NEO-PI domains was represented by a dimension characterized by a Nonpersonal Orientation at one pole and an Interpersonal Orientation at the other pole, and a Closedness-Openness dimension. For males, overlap between the two domains was explained by Closedness-Openness and Introversion-Extraversion dimensions. Results generally were consistent with theoretical definitions of the Big-Five personality dimensions, as well as the trait characterizations of the six Holland types. Results also revealed associations of Prediger's (1982) Data/Ideas and Things/People with the Closedness-Openness and Nonpersonal-Interpersonal dimensions, respectively.
Career Assessment and the California Psychological Inventory
Authors: Gough Harrison G.
Published: March 2007

The CPI is a 462-item inventory, scored for 20 folk measures, 3 vectors, and 13 optional special-purpose scales. Its goal is to furnish a veridical picture of any individual, stressing descriptors easily recognized and used by ordinary people in everyday life. In 1987, a theoretical three-vector model of personality was introduced, based on two basic orientations (toward people and toward societal values), and a third independent theme reflecting ego integration. Four lifestyles termed the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta are defined, each having seven possible levels of realization or integration. In regard to careers, Alphas seek and do best in managerial and leadership roles, Betas function well in supportive/ancillary positions, and Gammas look for and are adept in creating change. Deltas work best alone, in fields such as art, literature, and (depending on their ability) mathematics.
Cross-Cultural Issues in Personality and Career Assessment
Authors: Marsella Anthony J. , Leong Frederick T. L.
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this article is to discuss some important issues regarding cross-cultural personality and career assessment. Within the last decade, this topic has received increased attention because of a growing awareness of the cultural bias inherent in many of our major personality assessment instruments (e.g., Dana; 1993, Marsella & Kameoka, 1989). The present article is divided into four major sections. The first section discusses the importance of the cross-cultural perspective in psychology and discusses such issues as reducing ethnocentric bias in psychology through the use of comparative cultural studies and culturally sensitive research methods. This section also includes a brief discussion of the concepts of ethnocentricity, culture, and ethnocultural identity, all of which are essential for understanding the assessment of personality across cultures.

The second section discusses the complex relationships between culture and personality, including the possibility that the very concept of personality may be culturally constructed. The third section discusses some of the conceptual and methodological issues involved in personality assessment across cultures, with a special emphasis on psychometric equivalency (i.e., linguistic, conceptual, scale, and normative) across cultures. The fourth section provides a conceptual framework for integrating the cross-cultural issues of personality assessment to career assessment.
Career Assessment With the Personality Assessment System
Authors: Krauskopf C.J. , Saunders D.R.
Published: March 2007

The Personality Assessment System (PAS; Gittinger, 1964) is a theory based on differential aptitudes and abilities. Wechsler Scales are used to operationalize the theoretical dimensions. The theory and selected supporting research are described. Some research specific to career assessment is presented, and general principles of using the PAS in career assessment are discussed. The theory can be used in either a job-person match approach or a self-knowledge approach to career counseling.
Developing a Theory-Based Measure of Career Decision-Making: The Decisional Process Inventory
Authors: Hartung Paul J.
Published: March 2007

The present study describes the development and an initial assessment of the psychometric properties of the Decisional Process Inventory (DPI). The DPI served as an empirical test of Gestalt therapy homeostasis theory for conceptualizing and facilitating career development and decision-making. The inventory is intended to assess career decidedness or individual level of progress toward reaching a career-decided state. The DPI consists of 70 items that address respondents' perceptions and experiences of the career decision-making process. Participants responded to the DPI ( n = 248), the Career Decision Scale (CDS; Osipow, Carney, Winer, Yanico, & Koschier, 1976) ( n = 242), the Occupational Alternatives Question (OAQ; Zener & Schnuelle, 1976) ( n = 244), and the Gestalt Contact Styles Questionnaire-Revised (GSCQ-R; Woldt & Kepner, 1986) ( n = 243). Results supported the content validity of the items and criterion-related validity of the inventory. Seven factors related to the career decision-making process are described.
Career Self-Efficacy and the Prediction of Work and Home Role Salience
Authors: Matzeder Mary E. , Krieshok Thomas S.
Published: March 2007

This study investigated whether there were gender differences in the relationship between career-related self-efficacy expectations and both work and home role salience. Self-efficacy expectations to perform duties in both male and female-dominated occupations were assessed in 113 students from a large midwestern university. In addition, salience for the work and home roles was explored with Super and Nevill's The Salience Inventory (1986) for both genders. Super and Nevill defined role salience in terms of three dimensions: commitment, participation, and value expectations. Results suggest that self-efficacy in traditionally male-dominated occupations positively predicted commitment to the work role for women but not for men. Previous research was also supported in the finding that women expected to participate more in home-related activities than did men.
Advances in Career Assessment and the 1994 Strong Interest Inventory
Authors: Harmon Lenore W. , Borgen Fred H.
Published: March 2007

Changes in the 1994 Strong Interest Inventory (SII; Harmon, Hansen, Borgen, & Hammer, 1994) are reviewed and evaluated according to a set of criteria originally proposed by John Holland (1975) and revised for this paper by the authors. Data from over 50,000 people in 50 occupational groups representing new and resampled occupations were involved in the 1994 revision. New General Reference Samples (GRS) containing over 18,000 people were used in scale construction. Every item and scale was reconsidered. Nearly every scale has been revised. A case study illustrating the use of the revision is presented. It also serves to introduce the 1994 score report profile.
The Campbell Interest and Skill Survey (CISS): A Product of Ninety Years of Psychometric Evolution
Authors: Campbell David P.
Published: March 2007

This article describes the historical evolution of the Campbell Interest and Skill Inventory (CISS; Campbell, Hyne, & Nilsen, 1992), beginning with Alfred Binet's work in 1900-1905 in developing standardized methods for psychological assessment. It extends through the CISS's early roots in the publication of the Strong Vocational Interest Blank for Men by Strong in 1927, with Strong's innovative use of the Men-in-General concept to create empirical scales, continuing with Strong's publication of a similar form for women in 1933. It continues further with the addition of the homogeneous Basic Scales in the 1960s and then with the merger of the Men's and Women's form in 1974 in the publication of the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory, which also organized the profile into the occupational conceptual theory suggested by Holland, and culminating in the publication of the CISS in 1992, which retained the concept of empirical Occupational Scales and homogeneous Basic Scales, but which also used an improved item format, added items to assess Skills, slightly modified and extended the Holland theoretical structure and used more sophisticated computer graphics to create a user-friendly report form. A brief overview of the characteristics of the CISS is also presented.
Use of the COPSystem in Career Assessment
Authors: Knapp-Lee Lisa J.
Published: March 2007

The COPSystem, one of the most widely used assessment systems for career exploration in the high-school setting (Lombard, 1994), has been developed to provide maximum interpretive usefulness. The development and use of this comprehensive assessment program of interests, abilities, and values is presented along with a demonstration of its interpretive appropriateness. The COPSystem structure of career clusters, based on the pioneering work of Roe (1956), is reviewed and results presented, which establish it as being a valid and useful tool in both career assessment and career counseling. Research regarding long-term predictive validity studies and the circularity of structure of the career clusters are reviewed. A brief summary of the 1995 revision of the COPS and COPES is presented.
Using UNIACT in a Comprehensive Approach to Assessment for Career Planning
Authors: Prediger Dale J. , Swaney Kyle B.
Published: March 2007

The Unisex Edition of the ACT Interest Inventory (UNIACT; Swaney, 1995) is the chief component of a comprehensive, integrated approach to assessment for career planning and replanning. The World-of-Work Map (Prediger, 1976), an extension of Holland's hexagon (Holland, Whitney, Cole, & Richards, 1969), provides the basis for linking UNIACT results and results from 12 other, widely used interest inventories to occupational options and to results from assessments of work-relevant experiences, work-relevant abilities, and job values. A case study illustrates the interpretation of Holland-type interests in the context of experiences, abilities, job values, and current occupational choice. Guidelines followed in the development of UNIACT's interpretation procedure are explained, and issues related to interest inventory response style and sex fairness are addressed. UNIACT's validity data, which include three-letter (Holland) codes for 648 career groups and results from studies supporting the hexagon's Data/Ideas and Things/People Work Task Dimensions, are summarized.
Use of Interest Inventories With Special Populations: Women and Minority Groups
Authors: Fouad Nadya A. , Spreda Sarah L.
Published: March 2007

Recently some investigators (e.g., Carter & Swanson, 1990; Fouad, 1993; Fouad, Harmon, & Hansen, 1994; Ward & Bingham, 1993) have questioned whether interest inventories may be appropriately used for all clients, or whether gender or race/ethnicity affects the use of interest inventories. This article will discuss use of interest inventories with special groups and will conclude with a discussion of the benefits and cautions of interest inventories in career counseling.
Career and Vocational Assessment 1993 -1994: A Biennial Review
Authors: Spokane Arnold R. , Jacob Elizabeth J.
Published: March 2007

This is the first biannual review of research for the Journal of Career Assessment. A selective review, this article covers the 2- year period, 1993-1994. Seven inclusion criteria were employed in an effort to reduce the extensive literature by up to 50%. Principal topics were: The origin, structure, and nature of vocational interests; Career indecision; Culture and career assessment; Gender and career assessment; and Tests as tools: What should we teach graduate students? Several conclusions were drawn from this review. The proportion of vocational interests that can be attributed to genetic sources is apparently greater than was previously believed. Further, interests may be broad constructs if strong correlations between interests and personality continue to be found. Repeated confirmation of the circular arrangement of interests is leading to three-dimensional (spherical) models of interests. The introduction of one new, and three revised, interest inventories is testimony to the future viability of vocational interests as diagnostic and treatment devices. Career decision appears to have a strong neurotic component, but our understanding of the nature of indecision is limited by a failure to relate this area to basic decision science. Research on culture and gender in career development continues at a high rate. Finally, questions are raised about the adequacy of vocational assessment training in graduate programs. A call is made for more systematic theoretical work in vocational assessment and for a closer link to interventions.
Cognitive Assessment of the Sources of Mathematics Self-Efficacy: A Thought-Listing Analysis
Authors: Lent Robert W. , Brown Steven D. , Gover Mark R. , Nijjer Sukhvender K.
Published: March 2007

This study explored the sources of information that students employ in appraising their mathematics self-efficacy. Responding to a thought-listing questionnaire, 103 college students cited personal performance experiences (e.g., past successes) as the most common, and most influential, basis for their efficacy beliefs. Other theory- derived efficacy sources (e.g., vicarious learning) were mentioned much less often. Several response categories emerged, such as interest and effort considerations, that may reflect the heuristics that students enlist to estimate their academic capabilities under varying motivational or contextual conditions. Few gender differences appeared in the efficacy source listings, though women tended to cite physiological reactions and teaching quality considerations more often than did men. These findings offer a methodological complement to research using more traditional, psychometric measures of the sources of self-efficacy. Implications for research, as well as for educational and career interventions, are discussed.
The Structure of Interests Related to College Course Destinations
Authors: Care Esther
Published: March 2007

Interest measurement approaches to guidance are often used in Australian schools. These approaches assume that the measures are relevant to Australians, that the students are sufficiently mature to express interests that have some degree of stability, and that these interests will bear some relationship to the futures of the students. To investigate the truth of these assumptions, eight cohorts (i.e., groups) of female secondary school students completed the Career Assessment Inventory (CAI; Johansson, 1982). Data were collected 3 years later for each cohort, together with college course desti nations. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) was used to investigate the structure of interests of the students within groups identified by course destination. A three-dimensional solution indicates a strong relationship between interests and course destination using Holland's (1985) vocational theory and an empirical course cluster typology (Elsworth, Harvey-Beavis, Gilding, & Briant, 1986).
A Comparison of Competing Models Underlying Responses to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Authors: Jackson Stacy L. , Parker Christopher P. , Dipboye Robert L.
Published: March 2007

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI; Myers & McCaulley, 1985) is the most frequently used personality instrument in business, counseling, and education, but its construct validity remains largely unexplored (National Research Council, 1991). A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on a sample of 1,030 working adults to provide a competitive test of four alternative models of responses to MBTI items. Although the MBTI model was found to provide the best fit of the alternative models, none of the models provided an optimal fit. This confirmatory factor analysis and a follow-up exploratory factor analysis were used to identify necessary scoring changes and item deletions. Use of the revised scoring scheme would result in a change of the MBTI profile for 28.7% of respondents.
Evidence of Concurrent Prediction of the Campbell Interest and Skill Survey (CISS) for College Major Selection
Authors: Hansen Jo-Ida C. , Neuman Jody L.
Published: March 2007

This study examined evidence of concurrent criterion validity of the Campbell Interest and Skill Survey (CISS) for predicting college majors compared to that for the Strong Interest Inventory (SII). The sample consisted of 62 females and 66 males who were enrolled in an introductory psychology class at a large midwestern university. Data included each student's profile of scores on the interest and skill components of the CISS Occupational Scales and on the SII Occupational Scales, and information regarding her or his chosen major. Students' college majors were matched with Occupational Scales on the CISS and SII profiles, and hit rates were calculated to determine the accuracy of the scores for identifying college majors. Excellent and moderately good matches were found between chosen majors and the interest component of the CISS Occupational Scales for 69.3% of the women and 75.8% of the men. In addition, the results of this study indicated that the interest component of the CISS Occupational Scales and the SII Occupational Scales had comparable levels of concurrent prediction. However, the skill component of the CISS had lower levels of concurrent prediction than did the interest component for college major selection.
Debt Relief for Environment: Experience and Issues
Authors: Sarkar Amin U.
Published: March 2007

This paper addresses two major contemporary problems: the Third World debt crisis and the global environmental problem. Since 1987, several Latin American countries received some foreign debt relief in exchange for local currency expenditure, primarily carried out by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in programs that improve environmental quality. This paper examines the experience of these mechanisms-called "debt-for- nature swaps"-and recent moves, including the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative and the North American Free Trade Agreement, and identifies policy issues and prospects ofsuch programs. The paper addresses issues such as local needs and aspirations, sovereignty of indebted countries, limited capacity of NGOs, inflation and domestic debt, moral hazard and debt forgiveness. In addition to the expanded role of NGOs, the paper favors active participation of national government and profit organizations in project planning and implementation. The paper also recommends matching creditor governments and international organizations with commercial banks and international NGOs in debt-for-nature swaps. The debt crisis will end when debtor nation economies recover and achieve sustainable development. To achieve sustainable growth, indebted governments must adopt economic and institutional reform policies that promote productive investment while restricting inflation.
Community Involvement in the Protection of a Threatened Latin American Ecosystem: The Antisana Ecological Reserve REGIONAL REPORT Ecuador
Authors: Friedman Marci , Nield Jeffrey , Weed Timothy
Published: March 2007

Latin America is a region rich in biodiversity, yet at the same time struggling under the burdens of economic hardship and rapid population growth. While the region is showing signs of a strong economic recovery, the long-term sustainability of its economic development will hinge upon the ability of today's political leadership to make provisions for the conservation and stewardship of its rich natural resources. This report explores the case of the recently declared Antisana Ecological Reserve, with the purpose of illustrating the difficulties and possibilities of ecosystem conservation in Latin America and the developing world.1
Reminiscence therapy: A nursing intervention in the home care setting
Authors: Ellis Marsha L.
Published: March 2007

This article presents a review of both theoretical and empirical literature regarding the use of remi niscence therapy as a health-promoting strategy. A conceptual framework is then developed that describes the phenomenon that recollection is an expansion of consciousness. The article con cludes with a discussion of how individual reminiscence therapy can be used in the home care setting to promote health in the elderly. Key words: remiraiscence, self-awareness, expansion of consciousness, health promotion, life review
Home health and hospice fund development activities : Working within a legal and ethical framework
Authors: Waldron-Smith Debbie
Published: March 2007

Managing and leading a home care or hospice agency into the 21st century requires new and innovative financial management skills. It is the fiduciary responsibility of the administrator to secure the agency's continuance into this next century. Fund development offers an effective means to meeting the needs of a shrinking bottom line. Many external forces will attack an agency's financial security. Fund development can lead the counterattack. There are many ethi cal and legal considerations when developing a fund-raising program. Study them carefully. Implement them for long-term agency survival. It's the administrator's job. Key words: fund development, home health care, hospice care
The geropsychiatric clinical nurse specialist in home health care: A case presentation
Authors: Felber Donna , Kinion Elizabeth Stacy
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this article is to describe the role and foci of care of the geropsychiatric clinical nurse specialist (GCNS) through a case example representative of the aged mentally ill who receive care at home. A historical look at the evolution of home health care of mentally ill elderly reveals the recognition of need in these persons as early as the 1960s. As the aged popu lation increases and grows older there is a critical need for health care professionals who are educated in gerontology as well as psychiatry, and the GCNS is that key professional. Key words: geropsychiatric clinical nurse specialist, home health care
Minimizing the trauma: Development of a pediatric trauma home health care program
Authors: Green Patricia H. , Bishop-Kurylo Dorothy
Published: March 2007

Traumatic injuries in children account for a large percentage of physician and emergency de partment visits, as well as inpatient hospital admissions. Changes in the health care environ ment, as well as the special needs of children and families, are the incentives for the develop ment of a comprehensive home care program. This article describes the program components and educational preparation of staff. Key words: home health nursing, pediatric trauma
Minnesota health care reform: Home health care providers face managed competition
Authors: Minette Henri G. , Kildahl Debra
Published: March 2007

This article describes the history and development of the Minnesota model for health care re form and discusses its potential impact on home care providers. Key words: health care reform, home care, integrated delivery systems, managed care contracting
Financial considerations of managed care
Authors: Richard Steven B.
Published: March 2007

Managed care brings a new set of financial issues to the home health care industry. Beginning with how home health care agencies gain access to managed care markets, financial issues are explored for agency preparation; management information system (MIS) needs; contracting re quirements, including risk sharing and capitation issues; and for a vision of the future for home care in the managed care arena. Organizational changes required to compete in the managed care market are explored from a financial perspective as home health care providers break out of the traditional Medicare mind-set into the managed care setting, where creativity and program expansions are necessary. Key words: financial issues, managed care
Activity-based cost management: A tool for survival
Authors: McKeon Tad
Published: March 2007

The measurement of processes and costs is necessary to demonstrate quality to the purchasers of home health services. An activity-based cost management (ABCM) system will provide the vehicle to link process cost to payers, product lines, clinical pathways, and agency processes. Use of the output from an ABCM system will facilitate process improvement and the develop ment of organizational efficiency. Key words: activity, cost, efficiency, management
Experiences With the Parallelization and Vectorization of Simulation Codes for Heavy-Ion Reactions
Authors: Reusch Hans-Georg
Published: March 2007

Experiments on parallelizing and vectorizing the main hot spots of RelBUU and QMD codes for the simula tion of heavy-ion reactions are presented. The investi gations concentrate on those routines of these codes which calculate the forces between the nucleons and "smear" the meson fields and nucleonic densities, re spectively. The studies were done on an IBM 3090/ 600J, a multiprocessor machine with six processors (each with a Vector Facility) and shared memory, using a prerelease of IBM VS Fortran 2.5 which provides par allelization support under MVS and CMS. Elapsed time parallel speedups of more than 5 and very low parallel overheads have been measured for the resulting opti mized code versions. A new algorithm for the "field smearing," necessary in RelBUU codes, with only a minimum number of floating-point operations, has been developed.
Using Parallel Computers To Solve the Phase Problem of X-Ray Crystallography
Authors: Chang C.-S. , DeTitta G. , Hauptman H. , Miller R. , Thuman P. , Weeks C.
Published: March 2007

Direct methods are commonly used by crystallogra phers to determine relatively small crystal structures. However, existing techniques do not appear to be ex tensible to larger structures. The recent development of a solution strategy called Shake-and-Bake, aimed at determining structures via local minimization and re peated Fourier transformations, allows for implicit con straints to be included. In this article, a description of the Shake-and-Bake algorithm is given, along with a detailed description of master/slave MIMD implemen tations on a network of Sun workstations, an Intel iPSC/860 Hypercube, and a Connection Machine CM-5. Our experimental results on known structures, includ ing gramicidin A, are extremely encouraging. For ex ample, based on efficient implementations of Shake- and-Bake on the iPSC/860 and CM-5, for known struc tures of 28, 84, and 127 nonhydrogen atoms, we obtain success rates of 19%, 1%, and 0.2%, as opposed to existing methods, which yield success rates of ap proximately 6%, 0.006%, and 0.0002%, respectively.
A Fully Vectorized Code for Nonequilibrium Rf Glow Discharge Fluid Modeling and Its Parallel Processing On a Cray X-Mp
Authors: Young Fongray Frank , Wu Chwan-Hwa
Published: March 2007

Nonequilibrium, self-consistent radio frequency (rf) glow discharge simulations are described. The fluid transport is solved by a more accurate flux-corrected transport (MAFCT) algorithm. A staggered-mesh method is used for the arrangement for discretizing the variables used in the fluid model. Vectorization and multitasking methods are used to optimize the compu tation time required by the simulation. Consequently, the simulation code is fully vectorized, and the speedup ratio between the original code and the fully vectorized code approaches 11.7. Moreover, the multi tasking has a speedup ratio of 1.988 on the two- processor CRAY X-MP/24. The simulation results are compared with other model results to demonstrate the advantage of MAFCT. These results are also compared with experimental results. A better understanding of rf discharge mechanisms is accomplished through the use of a CRAY X-MP supercomputer, which provides a solution within a reasonable turnaround time.
A Massively Parallel Digital Processor for Spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar
Authors: Mastin Gary A. , Plimpton Steven J. , Ghiglia Dennis C.
Published: March 2007

Near-real-time digital formation of large synthetic aper ture radar (SAR) images requires the computational throughput that only a dedicated special processor or a massively parallel computer can offer. This article documents the implementation of digital spotlight SAR processing components on three commercially avail able massively parallel computers: the Connection Ma chine (CM-2), the nCUBE 2, and the Intel iPSC/860. The three basic spotlight SAR processing components, the polar reformatter, the two-dimensional fast Fourier transformation, and autofocus, are briefly discussed to provide a technical background for the implementation issues that apply to massively parallel computers. As pects of the SAR components that can exploit features of a SIMD or MIMD architecture are also presented. Finally, timing test results on various computers are provided for evaluation and comparison.