bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispersal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 lineages during the first epidemic wave in New York City
Authors: Dellicour Simon , Hong Samuel L. , Vrancken Bram , Chaillon Antoine , Gill Mandev S. , Maurano Matthew T. , Ramaswami Sitharam , Zappile Paul , Marier Christian , Harkins Gordon W. , Baele Guy , Duerr Ralf , Heguy Adriana
Published: May 2021

During the first phase of the COVID-19 epidemic, New York City rapidly became the epicenter of the pandemic in the United States. While molecular phylogenetic analyses have previously highlighted multiple introductions and a period of cryptic community transmission within New York City, little is known about the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 within and among its boroughs. We here perform phylogeographic investigations to gain insights into the circulation of viral lineages during the first months of the New York City outbreak. Our analyses describe the dispersal dynamics of viral lineages at the state and city levels, illustrating that peripheral samples likely correspond to distinct dispersal events originating from the main metropolitan city areas. In line with the high prevalence recorded in this area, our results highlight the relatively important role of the borough of Queens as a transmission hub associated with higher local circulation and dispersal of viral lineages toward the surrounding boroughs.
Causes and Self-regulatory Mechanisms of Frustration: A Qualitative Exploration of Rock Climbers
Authors: Fan Chuyao , Zhang Yinqiu , Zheng Yuannan , Norwood Wallace C. , Wang Jin
Published: May 2021

In recent years, rock climbing has become increasingly popular around the world. However, due to its challenging and competitive nature, it is common for rock climbers to encounter frustration. It leads to negative emotions, reducing participation, and withdrawal behavior, which requires effective self-regulation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the causes and self-regulatory mechanisms of frustration in rock climbing. Using qualitative methods, 15 rock climbers were interviewed, and 6 themes were identified by thematic analysis. Task comparison and social comparison are the main causes of frustration in rock climbing. The self-regulatory mechanism of task comparative frustration includes focusing on tasks and habitual reflection. The self-regulatory mechanism of social comparative frustration involves emotion regulation and changing goal orientation. It is suggested that future rock climbers, especially beginners, deal with frustration through the self-regulatory mechanisms that can help them enjoy and pursue rock climbing.
Natural Killer Cell Enteropathy With Extraintestinal Involvement: Presenting as Symptomatic Anemia
Authors: Panigrahi Manas Kumar , Patra Susama , Kumar Chandan , Nayak Hemanta Kumar , Ayyanar Pavithra , Bhat Sunil Jee , Chouhan Mohd Imran , Samal Subash Chandra
Published: May 2021

Natural killer (NK) cell enteropathy is a newly described disease entity with benign behavior and an indolent clinical course, characterized by the atypical proliferation of NK cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The exact etiology is unknown. It closely mimics NK/T-cell lymphoma. We describe this atypical entity in a young adult man presenting with vague upper gastrointestinal symptoms and anemia requiring blood transfusion. The response to budesonide therapy points toward a possible low-grade autoimmune process. Considering the benign behavior and self-limiting course, recognizing this entity is essential to avoid over the investigation and aggressive, inappropriate therapy.
Permanent Ink: Comic Book and Comic Strip Art as Aesthetic Object
Authors: Molotiu Andrei
Published: May 2021

Andrei Molotiu, the Senior Lecturer in the Art History Department at Indiana University, Bloomington, explores the formal characteristics of comic art and the fragmentation caused by showing framed pages that were originally created for publication and separated from their indigenous context, wondering if this separation is ultimately an act of creativity or an act of violence. This chapter explains white-out, margin notations, and how the eye is drawn to different things in an image when it’s isolated on the wall. In this 2006 essay, he focuses on the art of Jack Kirby, Ivan Brunetti’s Schizo 4, Metamorpho, Joe Palooka, Archie, Josie, Tom and Jerry, and "Sooper Hippie.” In this 2018 update to his 2006 essay, Andrei Molotiu, the Senior Lecturer in the Art History Department at Indiana University, Bloomington, returns to his analysis of the formal characteristics of original comic art as seen in exhibitions, exhibit catalogs, and high-end artist’s editions that faithfully reproduce full size comics originals, such as the IDW Artist’s edition of David Mazzucchelli’s and Frank Miller’s Daredevil: Born Again (images). Molotiu briefly discusses the proliferation of comic art exhibits and contrasts the experience of reading a full issue of Jack Kirby’s Kamandi on the wall at the Comic Book Apocalypse show at CSU Northridge and in print in an artist’s edition.
Exhibitions at the Museum of Cartoon Art: A Personal Recollection
Authors: Walker Brian
Published: May 2021

The Museum of Cartoon Art was the first full-service collection institution dedicated to comic art, founded by the cartoonist Mort Walker (Beetle Bailey, Hi & Lois) in Greenwich, CT in 1974. In this 2009 essay, Mort’s son, Brian Walker, who became the museum’s director and curator, writes of his memories of how the museum was established and operated, key shows the museum organized, and the challenges of running a small non-profit museum. The essay was written when the Walker Collection was donated to the Billy Ireland Cartoon Museum and Library at The Ohio State University. Images: Brian Walker at Mead Mansion, 1975; drawing of Ward’s Castle by John Cullen Murphy. Includes list of exhibitions 1975-1992 and list of cartoonists inducted into the Museum’s Hall of Fame.
Comic Connoisseurs
Authors: Deitcher David
Published: May 2021

This chapter includes a 1984 article by art historian David Deitcher criticizing The Comic Art Show (Whitney, 1983) and the show catalog edited by John Carlin and Sheena Wagstaff. Deitcher explains: “A recent exhibition devoted to the complex, often antagonistic relation between comic strips and modern art submitted the comics to a paradigm of excellence derived from a fine art tradition, thereby reinforcing rather than reducing the familiar distinction between high and popular culture.”
Cracking the Comics Canon
Authors: Jones Leslie
Published: May 2021

This chapter includes a 2005 article by Leslie Jones of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art with John Carlin, curator of Masters of American Comics from the perspective of a curator of works on paper. This chapter discusses comic art’s place in the fine art world, if canons still matter after post-modernism, Carlin’s selection criteria for the geniuses in the show, how the exhibit is organized, the challenges of finding high quality pieces for the show, and Jones pondering who is missing from the roster of the 14 male artists. Images: three exhibit photos from the Hammer Museum.
Remasters of American Comics: Sequential Art as New Media in the Transformative Museum Context
Authors: Duffy Damian
Published: May 2021

This chapter includes a 2009 essay by multi-faceted University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign professor Damian Duffy highlighting the curatorial philosophies that avoid confronting the conceptual challenge of bringing the comics medium into the museum by attempting to fit comics, to one extent or another, into traditional fine art frameworks, including as examples the 2003 Contemporary Art Museum Houston exhibition Splat, Boom, Pow!, Masters of American Comics 2005, UCLA Hammer Museum and Museum of Contemporary Art, Comic Release! from Carnegie Mellon University, and his own curatorial work in partnership with John Jennings on the exhibitions Other Heroes: African American Comics Creators, Characters, and Archetypes. This chapter discusses new media, if we still need canons, comics versus fine art, comics as non-art, lone genius versus collaboration, display tactics, narrative, and racial inclusion.
After Masters: Interview with Gary Panter
Authors: Munson Kim A.
Published: May 2021

This chapter includes a brief commentary between art historian Kim A. Munson and artist Gary Panter about the legacy of the Masters of American Comics exhibition (2005, Hammer Museum, Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles) after the show’s ten-year anniversary passed in 2017. This chapter discusses roadblocks and benefits to doing comics shows, the difficulty of being a comics expert, valuation of comic art, kid-friendly shows, problems of the comics canon and categories.
“Let the True Note Ring Out Loud”: A Mindful Reading of God Help the Child
Authors: Vega-González Susana
Published: May 2021

The essay suggests a reading of God Help the Child as a literary manifestation of mindfulness, as well as shedding new light on the politics of silence. It is worth noting that, to some extent, most of Morrison’s narratives encapsulate the maxims of mindfulness: awareness of the present moment, compassion and kindness, love, gratitude, forgiveness, introspection, self-knowledge, understanding and acceptance. All or most of these elements are usually at work in the multiple cases of trauma that abound in Morrison’s works as, through mindfulness, traumatic memories and past experience can be channeled onto healing and inner peace. Silence stands as a vital element of mindfulness. Morrison’s emphasis on silence together with the fact that, for her, the culmination of a story resides in the characters’ acquisition of knowledge and understanding, calls for a detailed critical analysis of this work from a mindful perspective.
No System of Justice: At the Margins with Toni Morrison’s Intertextual Characters
Authors: Eaton Alice Knox
Published: May 2021

“No System of Justice: At the Margins with Toni Morrison’s Intertextual Characters,” reads Morrison’s novel through the lens of her first novel, The Bluest Eye, in which a young mother cannot love the daughter she finds “ugly.” Eaton argues that ugliness becomes a code word for, particularly the blackness of very dark-skinned African Americans.  Throughout her eleven novels, Morrison never wavers in her conviction that a formal justice system cannot heal the traumas of mothers and children torn apart by slavery, Jim Crow, endemic racism, and internalized racial self-hatred. Morrison employs intertextual characters between novels, including Pecola and Lula Ann, that emphasize her disdain for formal justice and her fascination with characters existing in extra-narrative spaces. Eaton explores Morrison’s rejection of institutional justice through the lens of lawyer/theorist Patricia J. Williams, as well as through Morrison’s essays on the Anita Hill/Clarence Thomas hearings and on the O.J. Simpson trial.
“I’ll Show You What It Means to Be a Man”
Authors: Salminen Janne
Published: May 2021

This chapter considers how Zack Snyder’s film perpetuates the idea that only men constitute humanity. Any deviation from the concept of biological cisgendered males occupying key positions in society are treated as anomalous. Wonder Woman can be as strong as Superman, but physically, she does not disrupt the heterosexual matrix in any way. She is also explicitly mentioned as not being part of the same society or ‘world’ as Batman and Superman, implying that women who are equal to men are an exceptional rarity. Other female characters are reduced to damsels in distress or window dressing. Comparatively, male characters can inhabit the hero role through the demonstration of superior physical strength and a performative suffering that legitimizes their law-breaking vigilantism.
Days of Future Past
Authors: Murphy Drew
Published: May 2021

This chapter explores the recurring themes in the Days of Future Past comic series published in 1981 and the 2015 movie, drawing comparisons to the very current and real journeys that LGBTQIA+ people are undertaking both on a personal and a community level. The vast majority of the X-Men protect themselves from hiding their mutant identity, similar to the way that the superhero traditionally hides their superhero identity under their ‘normal’ civilian identity. This mirrors very closely the lives of many LGBTQIA+ people, who often have to juggle dual identities as both heterosexual and homosexual. This chapter unpicks this coming out and the X-Men’s ability to function as allegory for oppressed communities.
Articulating Health Humanities in Graphic Narratives by Medical Illustrators
Authors: Detora Lisa
Published: May 2021

Using a theoretical model of “articulation” gleaned from the rhetoric of health and medicine, this chapter situates graphic narratives by medical illustrators against two strains of health humanities: medical education and humanistic inquiry. It might seem that medical illustration, itself a hybrid discipline that bridges art and medical science, would de facto account for both registers of health humanities, yet the reality is more complex. Ultimately, medical illustrators operate within their own rich traditions. Thus, work like Héloise Chochois’ La Fabrique Des Corps: Des Premièrs Prostéhses à l’Humaine Augmenté (2017) or Kriota Willberg’s The Wandering Uterus (Furor Uterensis) and Contemporary Applications of Ancient Medical Wisdom (2016) present a fertile ground for building an understanding of graphic narrative and medicine that extends beyond the experiences of illness that characterize most current understandings of Graphic Medicine.
Haunted Property
Authors: Ford Sarah Gilbreath
Published: May 2021

At the heart of America’s slave system was the legal definition of people as property. While property ownership is a cornerstone of the American dream, the status of enslaved people supplies a contrasting American nightmare. This book considers how writers in works from 19th slave narratives to 21st century poetry employ gothic tools, such as ghosts and haunted houses, to portray the horrors of this nightmare. Out of all of slavery’s perils, the definition of people as property is the central impetus for haunting because it allows the perpetration of all of the other terrors. Property becomes the engine for the white accumulation of wealth and power fueled by the destruction of black personhood. Specters often linger, however, to claim title, and haunting can be a bid for property ownership. Through examining works by Harriet Jacobs, Hannah Crafts, Mark Twain, Herman Melville, Sherley Anne Williams, William Faulkner, Eudora Welty, Toni Morrison, Octavia Butler, and Natasha Trethewey, this study reveals how writers can use the gothic to combat legal possession with spectral possession. The book thus reimagines the southern gothic, which has too often been simply equated with the macabre or grotesque and then dismissed as regional. Instead, gothic tales of slavery are the very distillation of the anxieties about race and property located in the larger American literary tradition.
Claiming the Property of History in Octavia Butler’s Kindred and Natasha Trethewey’s Native Guard
Authors: Ford Sarah Gilbreath
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines Octavia Butler’s Kindred (1979), a postmodern novel involving a woman from 1976 traveling back through time to the nineteenth-century world of slavery, and Natasha Trethewey’s Native Guard (2006), a poetry collection focusing on the death of Trethewey’s mother and the forgotten history of black Union soldiers stationed at Ship Island, Mississippi, during the Civil War. Both texts show the haunting caused by the conflation of people with property, and both reverse the direction of this haunting to show the present haunting the past. This chapter argues that these narratives not only reveal that slavery haunts us; they expose how we haunt slavery. Through the haunting backwards allowed by time travel, the authors claim the property of history, a claim that rewrites the paradigm of power in slavery.
Hollywood Hates Hitler!
Authors: Yogerst Chris
Published: May 2021

In September of 1941, a handful of isolationist senators set out to tarnish Hollywood for war-mongering. The United States was largely divided on the possibility of entering the European War, yet the immigrant moguls in Hollywood were acutely aware of the conditions in Europe. After Kristallnacht (the Night of Broken Glass), the gloves came off. Warner Bros. released the first directly anti-Nazi film in 1939 with Confessions of a Nazi Spy. Other studios followed with films such as The Mortal Storm (MGM), Man Hunt (Fox), The Man I Married (Fox), and The Great Dictator (United Artists). While these films represented a small percentage of Hollywood’s output, senators took aim at the Jews in Hollywood who were supposedly “agitating us for war” and launched an investigation that resulted in Senate Resolution 152. The resolution was aimed at both radio and movies that “have been extensively used for propaganda purposes designed to influence the public mind in the direction of participation in the European war.” When the Senate approved a subcommittee to investigate the intentions of these films, studio bosses were ready and willing to stand up against the government to defend their beloved industry. What followed was a complete embarrassment of the United States Senate and a large victory for Hollywood as well as freedom of speech.
Overshadowed by History
Authors: Yogerst Chris
Published: May 2021

This chapter concludes Hollywood Hates Hitler. Yogerst writes that the 1941 Senate Investigation into Motion Picture Propaganda did not make, break, or define anyone. However, it served as a crowning point in United States history where a hotly debated topic over the European war centered on blaming movies for any interventionist attitude. History has shown that as long as popular culture continues to flourish, the threats of politicians and self-appointed moral crusaders will continue. However, any argument to do away with the next feared form of popular culture will likely be as empty as those brought forth by the isolationist senators in 1941
“Listen to the Music”
Authors: Anderson Crystal S.
Published: May 2021

This chapter defines K-pop with a focus on hybridity that reveals citational practices that draw on African American popular music and are confirmed as authentic by fans functioning as K-pop’s music press. This definition goes beyond “idols,” or Korean performers who sing and dance, to capture the diversity of K-pop artists that share characteristics that transcend genre. Hybridity, K-pop’s most salient characteristic, is largely informed by African American popular music. It reflects intertextuality through the emulation of R&B genres and improvisation spurred by Korean popular music aesthetics that expands those genres. K-pop’s music citational practices are deemed authentic by a transcultural fandom that produces critical cultural production and, in doing so, function as part of the music press for K-pop.
The Legislature’s Intervention with Budget Reform
Authors: Pugh Brian
Published: May 2021

Chapter 5 discusses the legislature’s response to the budget problems that occurred at the end of the Mabus administration. The legislature grew frustrated with the unrealistic revenue forecasting used to construct the state’s budget and responded by passing the Budget Reform Act of 1992 in order to strengthen the budget process. The reform act created a proper reserve fund known as the Working Cash-Stabilization Reserve Fund (Rainy Day Fund). The act also created a revenue 2 percent set-aside requirement as a cushion.
SEE! HEAR! CUT! KILL!
Authors: Clayton Wickham
Published: May 2021

SEE! HEAR! CUT! KILL!: Experiencing Friday the 13th, is the first book entirely devoted to the analysis of the Friday the 13
th franchise. The story a film tells is usually filtered through a particular perspective, or point of view. This book argues that slasher films, and the Friday the 13th movies particularly, use all the stylistic tools at their disposal to create a complex and emotionally intense approach to perspective, which develops and shifts across the decades. Chapter one discusses the history of perspective in horror, and the different critical conversations around this. Chapter two looks at the use of camerawork, specifically point-of-view camerawork in the way these films visually communicate perspective. The fourth chapter talks about the way sound and editing work together to communicate perspective and experience in the death sequences these movies capitalize upon. The fourth chapter considers the perspective of viewers, and how each movie speaks to viewers who are either familiar or unfamiliar with the ongoing story in the series. The final chapter first explains how these trends look across a chronological timeline, and what this tells us about the historical development of perspective before looking at the influence these stylistic approaches have had on ‘serious’ film, particularly those recognized by the Hollywood critical establishment.
The Green Depression
Authors: Lambert Matthew M.
Published: May 2021

This book argues that depression-era authors contributed to the development of modern environmental thought in three distinct ways. First, they began recognizing as never before the devastating and even apocalyptic effects that humans can have on the environment, particularly in response to the period’s dust storms, flooding, and other human-created ecological disasters. Next, they acknowledged the ecological importance of nonhuman nature, including animal “predators” and “pests,” as conservationists were beginning to do during the period. And lastly, they laid the groundwork for what we now refer to as “environmental justice” by directly connecting environmental exploitation with racial, economic, and gender inequality. To illustrate the reach of environmental thought during the period, the first three chapters of the book focus on different geographical landscapes, including the wilderness, rural, and urban. The last chapter examines the period’s growing concern over the effects of technology on the human and nonhuman world. Ultimately, The Green Depression illustrates the importance of depression-era literature to the development of the modern environmentalist and environmental justice movements. It also contributes to a growing body of scholarship that identifies the importance of environmental thought to the literature and culture of African Americans and other minority groups as well as in considering urban landscapes and other built environments. Finally, the book seeks to initiate a conversation to consider how experiences and ideas from the period have influenced and can inform responses to the intersections of environmental, social, and economic issues in our own time.
A Portrait of the Auteur as Fanboy
Authors: Salter Anastasia , Stanfill Mel
Published: May 2021

The past decade or so of media promotion has seen a recurring trope of Fanboy to the Rescue—have no fear, it says, this revered franchise is being taken over by a writer, director, or producer who is a “fanboy.” In this trope—which, following Suzanne Scott, the book discusses in terms of the “fanboy auteur”—the fan credentials of writers, directors, and producers are presented as a guarantee of quality media-making. This is a strategy of marketing and branding; it is a claim, from the auteur himself or industry PR machines, that the presence of an auteur who is also a fan means the product is worth consuming. Such claims that fan credentials guarantee quality are often contested, with fans and critics alike rejecting various auteur figures as the true leader of their respective franchises. That split, between assertions of fan and auteur status and acceptance (or not) of that status, is key to unravelling the fan auteur. A Portrait of the Auteur as Fanboy examines the contemporary ascendance of the fan auteur through a series of case studies. We consider both thoroughly mainstream fan auteur figures like Zack Snyder and Joss Whedon and more offbeat ones like Kevin Smith. We examine those who explicitly identify as fans of the source material they engage, like Steven Moffat, E L James, and Patty Jenkins, and those who don’t but engage in fannish ways nonetheless, like Taika Waititi and J. K. Rowling.
Groove Theory
Authors: Bolden Tony
Published: May 2021

This chapter explains the meaning of funk as a concept and introduces readers to salient precepts and characteristics. The chief argument is that (a) the phenomenon known as the funk/spirit—or, more simply, the funk—operates as a distinct form of black vernacular epistemology, and that (b) funk comprises the secular counterpart of “the spirit”—what Albert Murray calls “paroxysms of ecstasy”—in black church worship. This sensation, which is usually generated by the interplay between motion and emotion, has been a vital aspect of the production of knowledge in music-making within African American working-class performance venues. Funk foregrounds the body and sensuality as indispensable aspects of a musician’s ability to play certain notes and to create desired timbres and soundscapes. This sort of psychosomatic epistemological modality calls into question the normative mind-body split; and, as such, it stands at variance with the prototypical notions of knowledge in the Western tradition. It points up the limits of reason, and constitutes a recognition of other ways of knowing, multiple ways of knowing. Combining musicology, literary scholarship, and elements of philosophy, the chapter examines song lyrics in conjunction with musicians’ memoirs, fiction, and interviews. In doing so, Bolden creates a philosophical approach to funk as he examines recordings by James Brown, Parliament-Funkadelic, Stevie Wonder, and others.
Songbird
Authors: Bolden Tony
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines Khan’s development into a powerhouse singer and talented songwriter as the frontwoman of Rufus. Drawing Khan’s childhood experiences described in her memoir, as well as musicologist Guthrie P. Ramsey, Jr.’s notion of black community theater, the chapter demonstrates how she transposed her rebellious spirit, evidenced briefly during high school as a volunteer worker for the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, into a self-conscious and contrarian artist who epitomized funk aesthetics. As one of the few women funk singers who didn’t have a gospel background or grow up in a musical family, Khan developed a jazz-inflected vocal technique and a singular, Chicago-based, rhythm-and-blues sound that became a funk trademark. At the same time, the chapter demonstrates that Khan’s interpretation of funk as a concept, particularly its nonconformity, which she exemplified in exhilarating eroticism during live performances, proved to be a double-edged sword. While she captivated music fans, Khan battled executives at ABC Records over racialized images of her sexuality.
Outro
Authors: Bolden Tony
Published: May 2021

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
The History of French in Louisiana
Authors: Dajko Nathalie
Published: May 2021

This chapter introduces the reader to Louisiana French. Four varieties of French are generally recognized by linguists: Colonial French, Plantation Society French, Louisiana Creole, and Louisiana Regional French (most commonly called Cajun French). The French of the Lafourche Basin is classified as Louisiana Regional French. The chapter outlines the similarities and differences between the three, and then focuses in particular on Louisiana Regional French, providing a historical outline of its development and a brief description of its features in comparison to Standard French. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the variation found in Louisiana French across the state. This sets the scene for the detailed description of the language as it is spoken in the Lafourche country, the language at the center of place-based identity in Terrebonne-Lafourche.
“An Abominable Conclave of Negro Hating Demons”
Authors: Johnson Andre E.
Published: May 2021

Chapter 1 charts Turner’s acrimonious “relationship” with the Supreme Court. Starting with the Civil Rights Bill of 1875, the chapter examines how Turner’s support and belief that the Supreme Court could or would do anything to promote fairness and protect the rights of African Americans eroded over time. For Turner, as decision after decision nullified the spirit of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments, and moved America from the progress of Reconstruction, Turner’s rhetoric towards the Supreme Court and against the nation grew more bitter and his denouncements became much stronger.
“Negroes Should Worship a God Who Is a Negro”
Authors: Johnson Andre E.
Published: May 2021

This chapter offers a brief sketch of the theological thought, or more specifically, the God-Talk language of Turner. The chapter then offers a rhetorical analysis of the text and argues that Turner engages in what some scholars call rhetorical theology. By maintaining that all theology is at its core a form of argument, rhetorical theology places emphasis on how a speaker or writer situates language in order to persuade its hearers to a certain position. In other words, when Turner spoke and wrote “God is a Negro,” he was not doing systematic theology; he was engaged in a public theology, which is a rhetorical enterprise that had as its aim a persuasive function within a specific context.
2016 and the Sounds of Normalization
Authors: Storhoff Timothy P.
Published: May 2021

The final chapter focuses on official and unofficial cultural diplomacy efforts that have been organized to celebrate the United States and Cuba restoring diplomatic relations. Spring 2016 included a visit to Cuba by Barack Obama and free concerts by Major Lazer and the Rolling Stones in Havana. The following month, the President’s Committee on the Arts and Humanities led a delegation to Havana with various federal agencies represented. Unofficial musical diplomacy initiatives continued as well, such as a trip with Musicians Across the Straits, a program that brought performers from St. Augustine, Florida to Havana for a residency at the Fábrica de Arte Cubano.
Reconsidering Flannery O'Connor
Authors: Gentry Marshall Bruce
Published: May 2021

Flannery O’Connor’s work can be unsettling to read, inviting a wide range of responses because of her peculiar mixture of violence, grace, and humor. However, a few persistent readerly habits have shaped popular and critical understandings of Flannery O’Connor, overly narrowing interpretations of her work. This collection seeks to disrupt those habits, reconsidering a giant of southern literature in a range of ways. The essays featured here begin with new methodologies, including object-oriented ontology and "crip-queer" theory, among others. Some essays in this collection introduce new contexts, like gothic science fiction, by way of approaching O’Connor. Others draw out unlikely comparisons with writers not normally considered alongside O’Connor, including Hannah Arendt, Richard Wright, and Sylvia Plath. And in the final section, two essays reevaluate familiar arguments regarding O’Connor’s legacy, both in terms of her legal estate and as a formative figure in the rise of the creative writing workshop. Thus, this volume pursues questions that productively complicate the commonplace assumptions of O’Connor scholarship while also circling back to some old questions that are due for new attention.
Generalizations and applications of Srinivasa Ramanujan’s integral associated with infinite Fourier sine transforms in terms of Meijer’s G-function
Authors: Qureshi Mohammad Idris , Dar Showkat Ahmad
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we obtain analytical solutions of an unsolved integral

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, the three new infinite summation formulas associated with Meijer’s G-function are obtained.
Impact of wall movements on the location of passive Earth thrust
Authors: Bouali Meriem F. , Karkush Mahdi O. , Bouassida Mounir
Published: May 2021

The general assumption of linear variation of earth pressures with depth on retaining structures is still controversial; investigations are yet required to determine those distributions of the passive earth pressure (PEP) accurately and deduce the corresponding centroid location. In particular, for rigid retaining walls, the calculation of PEP is strongly dependent on the type of wall movement. This paper presents a numerical analysis for studying the influence of wall movement on the PEP distribution on a rigid retaining wall and the passive earth thrust location. The numerical predictions are remarkably similar to existing experimental works as recorded on scaled test models and full-scale retaining walls. It is observed that the PEP varies linearly with depth for the horizontal translation, but it is nonlinear when the movement is rotational about the top of the retaining wall. When rotation is around the top of the wall, the resultant of PEP is located at a depth that varies between 0.164 and 0.259H of the wall height measured from the base of the wall, which is lesser than 1/3 of the wall height. The passive earth thrust location is highly affected by the soil–wall friction angle, especially when the friction angle of the backfill material increases. Despite the herein presented results, further experiments are recommended to assess the corresponding numerical predictions.
Grounding Personal Persistence
Authors: Baber Harriet E.
Published: May 2021

Modal counterpart theory identifies a thing’spossibly being Fwith its having a counterpart that isFat another possible world; temporal counterpart theory identifies a thing’shaving been Forgoing to be F, with its having a counterpart that isFat another time.Benovsky, J. 2015. “Alethic Modalities, Temporal Modalities, and Representation.”Kriterion: Journal of Philosophy29: 18–34 in this journal endorses modal counterpart theory but holds that temporal counterpart theory is untenable because it does not license the ascription of the intuitively correct temporal properties to ordinary objects, and hence that we should understand ordinary objects, including persons, as transtemporal ‘worms’. I argue that the worm theory is problematic when it comes to accounting for what matters in survival and that temporal counterpart theory provides a plausible account of personal persistence.
Photosynthetic textile biocomposites: Using laboratory testing and digital fabrication to develop flexible living building materials
Authors: Stefanova Assia , In-na Pichaya , Caldwell Gary Stephen , Bridgens Ben , Armstrong Rachel
Published: May 2021

Urban development and the construction industry account for a considerable proportion of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Emerging biological materials, such as those proposed in this paper, seek to utilize the metabolic functions of living microorganisms to reduce some of the negative impacts of humans on the environment. The material explorations demonstrated in this paper propose a living photosynthetic carbon capture textile for the built environment. We demonstrate making practices that integrate living microorganisms within experimental methods of digital fabrication; specifically, harnessing photosynthetic microalgae that feed on waste and are capable of sequestering CO2from internal building settings. These new biocomposites incorporate flexible textile substrates, i.e. cotton, hessian, polyester, and canvas, which provide a range of algae laden matrices that continue to develop and change during the useful part of the material’s lifecycle. This paper explores biological 3D printing fabrication processes and studies the development of mixtures that are compatible with the fabrication method and support microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) metabolic processes. A range of incubation methods are assessed, highlighting the need for a support environment. The biocomposites’ performance is tested using imaging pulse amplitude modulation fluorometry (Imaging-PAM) to investigate changes in microalgae chlorophyll fluorescence over a 14 day period.
Field Measurements and Numerical Simulation of Snowdrift on Railway Subgrade
Authors: Qiu Shumao , Bai Mingzhou , Jiang Hua , Li Pengxiang , Wei Zijun , Li Xin
Published: May 2021

Snowdrift is a major natural hazard, endangering basic installation and human life in cold regions. Drifting snow can cause snow grains to accumulate on the road, blocking transportation, reducing visibility, and even leading to fatal traffic accidents. Field measurements and numerical simulations of roadbed snow characteristics were carried out along the railway in snowy weather to study the effect of snowdrift on railway subgrade. The influence of a typical roadbed structure is considered, and the basic model of a typical subgrade structure under the action of snowdrift is proposed. Snow particles that accumulate on the embankment present a U-shaped distribution along the inflow direction. Within the increase of embankment height, wind velocity on the roadbed surface is accelerated, and snow cover is reduced, thus mitigating the snow drift disaster of the embankment. Snow covers at embankment heights of 1 and 2 m are considerably greater than those at 3 and 5 m, and identical with those at roadbed heights of 3 and 5 m. Along the inflow direction, the snow cover on the cutting presents an M-shaped distribution. As cutting depth is reduced, wind velocity inside the cutting is decelerated, and snow cover is increased, which aggravates the snow drift disaster of the cutting. The snow depths of roadbed parts at 1-, 2-, and 3-m depths of the cutting are nearly the same, and that at a 5-m depth of the cutting is relatively small but still larger than that on the embankment. Numerically simulating the snow-driving wind via computational fluid dynamics, which can consider the motion characteristics of snow particles and their influence on flow field, is feasible. Simulation results agree with the measured results. Thus, this research provides a path for the further prediction of snow cover pattern.
Developing a Multi-Agent System to Support Multi-Variant Production Ramp-Up Management
Authors: Medini Khaled , Romero David , Wuest Thorsten
Published: May 2021

In the Industry 4.0 era, with increased demands for customization, numerous companies struggle to accommodate changes in their businesses and to keep up with the pace of digital transformation. It follows that introducing new products or services based on an existing configuration or a new design is becoming more frequent. Managing the production ramp-up phase carefully is therefore emerging as one of the most critical steps in the product lifecycle. Although several general strategies and high-level frameworks are available in recent ramp-up management literature, data-backed tools and frameworks that deal with this question are scarce. This article aims to bridge this gap by developing a multi-agent system (MAS) supporting ramp-up management strategies assessment in multi-variant production contexts. An MAS relies on the concept of an agent, which is an autonomous entity operating in a society of agents in order to contribute to a general goal. This article studies the method used to develop an MAS and illustrates its applicability through a case study in the furniture sector. The article highlights the reusability and flexibility of the development method and the relevance of the MAS to decision-makers during ramp-up planning.
Intersectional Stigma Among People Transitioning From Incarceration to Community-Based HIV Care in Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: Woznica Daniel M. , Ntombela Nasiphi , Hoffmann Christopher J. , Mabuto Tonderai , Kaufman Michelle R. , Murray Sarah M. , Owczarzak Jill
Published: May 2021

People transitioning from incarceration to community-based HIV care experience HIV stigma, incarceration stigma, and the convergence of these stigmas with social inequities. The objective of this study is to understand intersectional stigma among people returning from incarceration with HIV in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 42 study participants. We analyzed transcript segments and memos from these interviews. Our results showed that anticipated HIV stigma increased participants' difficulty with disclosure and treatment collection. Incarceration stigma, particularly the mark of a criminal record, decreased socioeconomic stability in ways that negatively affected medication adherence. These stigmas converged with stereotypes that individuals were inherently criminal “bandits.” Male participants expressed concerns that disclosing their HIV status would lead others to assume they had engaged in sexual activity with men while incarcerated. AIDS education and prevention efforts will require multilevel stigma interventions to improve HIV care outcomes.
Investigating methane emissions from geologic microseepage in Western New York State, United States
Authors: Kazemi Roxana , Schlageter William , Hmiel Benjamin , Weber Thomas S. , Murray Lee T. , Petrenko Vasilii V.
Published: May 2021

Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas and a key player in atmospheric chemistry. Important uncertainties remain in the global atmospheric methane budget, with natural geologic emissions being one of the particularly uncertain terms. In recent bottom-up studies, geologic emissions have been estimated to comprise up to 10% of the global budget (40–60 Teragrams of methane per year, Tg CH4 yr–1). In contrast, top-down constraints from 14C of methane in preindustrial air extracted from ice cores indicate that the geologic methane source is approximately an order of magnitude lower. Recent bottom-up inventories propose microseepage (diffuse low-level flux of methane through soils over large areas) as the largest single component of the geologic methane flux. In this study, we present new measurements of methane microseepage from the Appalachian Basin (Western New York State) and compare these with prior microseepage measurements from other regions and with predicted values from the most recent bottom-up inventory. Our results show lower microseepage values than most prior data sets and indicate that positive microseepage fluxes in this region are not as widespread as previously assumed. A statistical analysis of our results indicates that mean microseepage flux in this region has very likely been overestimated by the bottom-up inventory, even though our measurements more likely than not underestimate the true mean flux. However, this is a small data set from a single region and as such cannot be used to evaluate the validity of the microseepage emissions inventory as a whole. Instead, the results demonstrate the need for a more extensive network of direct geologic emission measurements in support of improved bottom-up inventories.
Central Banking in Pandemic Times
Authors: Ban Cornel
Published: May 2021

The sense of extreme disruption brought by Covid-19 led to the fast adoption of unprecedented containment policies. Central banks played a key role in this regard by adopting bold and unprecedented forms of financial stabilization as well as support for government debt in the bond markets. The overall effect has been the blurring of the boundary between monetary and fiscal policy, a key pillar of the “neoliberal” era. Furthermore, the Fed acted as a de facto lender of last resort in dollars of the global financial system, thus playing a global stabilization role even as the Trump administration worked to weaken traditional US ties to global economic governance.
Investigation on the Ergonomics Design of Wudhu' (Ablution) Station at a Mosque in a Higher Learning Institution
Authors: SUKADARIN EZRIN HANI , Mohd Nawi Nursyazwani , Abd Ghani Arti Amalin
Published: May 2021

The ablution area is compulsory for each mosque, and it is essential for Muslims to perform ablution ritual. Supposedly, the well-design of ablution station is one of the crucial aspects to be considered in prayer facility infrastructure, but certain mosques provide poor ablution. The objectives of the study were to investigate if there is a mismatch between the design of the existing ablution station with Malaysian anthropometry measurement, to identify the user’s satisfaction on existing ablution design through survey and to propose the improvement of the existing ablution station based on suitable anthropometry dimension and ergonomic aspects. The quantitative appraoch study was adopted. The ablution stations’ existing design are observed and measured to compare with the related anthropometric data. Experinced users satisfaction towards the ablution station is also invstigated. As the result, Design 2 either male or female ablution unit, had ergonomics characteristics and acceptable measurement dimensions compared to Design 1. Henceforth, it becomes preferable design among a Higher Learning Institution users compare to Design 1. In conclusion, an ablution station that has ergonomic characteristics and acceptable measurements based on anthropometric dimensions will result in high satisfaction among users.
Piezoelectric Properties of Mg Doped ZnO Thin Film using Sol-Gel Method and Spin Coating
Authors: EDY SUTJIPTO AGUS GETER , Ab Sukor Nurshahira , Shaitir Ali , JUSOH MOHAMAD ASHRY
Published: May 2021

This reports about the synthesis of Mg doped ZnO thin film using spin-coating techniques through sol-gel method. For studying piezoelectric properties, optical properties and morphology, the prepared Mg doped ZnO thin film samples were characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Ultrasonic Vibrator. The particle size was evaluated using Scherrer’s formula from XRD patterns. The results show the crystallite size decreased with increasing Mg concentrations. The optical properties showed that sample exhibit a blue shift in absorption in UV spectra indicating good optical properties. The morphology of grain size microstructure was observed from FESEM with results the grain size of the samples decreased with increasing Mg doping. The piezoelectric properties were evaluated using ultrasonic vibrator and multimeter to obtain potential difference for each sample. The results obtained that potential difference increase with increasing Mg contents and higher rotation of spin speed was used.