bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AutoWPR: An Automatic Web Page Recoloring Method
Authors: Long Yonghao , Chen Xiangping , Zhou Fan
Published: October 2020

The color design is one of the important parts of GUI development. To gain an attractive color scheme, designers often seek inspiration from examples. However, transferring an example’s colors to a target web page is time-consuming and tedious. In this paper, we propose a method named AutoWPR to reuse the example web page’s colors for recoloring a web page. To preserve the semantic relations of web elements, we propose a clustering algorithm to group the related elements into a cluster. In order to make the recoloring result have similar color distributions to the example, we use the Random–Forest regression to learn human’s mappings and propose a top-down matching algorithm to generate a mapping between two web pages’ clusters. Then AutoWPR recolors the element with the matching element’s colors. We designed several experiments to evaluate the correctness of the clustering and matching algorithm. We also conducted some qualitative and quantitative experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of our results in helping recoloring. The results show that our method can generate a human-like recoloring result and help novice developers reuse the reference web page’s colors conveniently.
Agent-Oriented Methodologies Evaluation Frameworks: A Review
Authors: Jazayeri Ali , Bass Ellen J.
Published: October 2020

Multi-agent systems and agent-oriented methodologies support analysis, characterization and development of complex software systems. These methodologies introduce different definitions for the essential components of multi-agent systems and cover different phases of the system development life cycle. Therefore, appropriate frameworks for evaluation and comparison of different methodologies would support developers to adopt the best methodology, or a combination of different methodologies, based on the project requirements. This review covers the system development phases and the main conceptual components in the context of multi-agent systems. Then, the evaluation frameworks proposed in the literature for comparison and evaluation of agent-oriented methodologies are reviewed. Evaluation frameworks proposed in the literature are categorized into three categories: methodology-based, phase-based and feature-based evaluation frameworks. The paper concludes with the agent-oriented methodologies’ usage challenges, their current limitations and potential future directions.
Tectonic evolution in the Early to Middle Pleistocene off the east coast of the Boso Peninsula, Japan
Authors: Furuyama Seishiro , Sato Tomoyuki , Arai Kohsaku , Ozaki Masanori
Published: October 2020

The Kanto Basin developed, starting
c.
3 Ma, influenced by the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate and the Pacific plate. Sediments in this basin have influenced the geomorphology of the Kanto region. In the Boso Peninsula, located at the eastern edge of the Kanto Basin, uplift continues in what is called the Kashima–Boso uplift zone. Although the development of this uplift after the Late Pleistocene is well understood, there are few data from the Early to Middle Pleistocene. In this study, we investigated the offshore shelf area east of the Boso Peninsula using a high-resolution seismic reflection survey, and report new information on the geological structure and uplift processes in the area from the Early to Middle Pleistocene. We identified the Kujukuri-oki anticline and the Kujukuri-oki normal fault zone. The Kujukuri-oki anticline, more than 47 km long, is north–south striking and deforms the Kujukuri-oki Group. There are numerous normal faults with displacements of less than tens of metres spread widely in the survey area (Kujukuri-oki normal fault zone). These findings reveal that the Kujukuri-oki anticline uplifted during the end of the Early Pleistocene and attenuated during the Middle Pleistocene. This anticline comprised the axis of the Kashima–Boso uplift zone at the Boso Peninsula from the Early to Middle Pleistocene and the Boso Peninsula is located at the western limb of this anticline.
Programming Strategies for Irregular Algorithms on the Emu Chick
Authors: Hein Eric R. , Eswar Srinivas , Yaşar Abdurrahman , Li Jiajia , Young Jeffrey S. , Conte Thomas M. , Çatalyürek Ümit V. , Vuduc Richard , Riedy Jason , Uçar Bora
Published: October 2020

The Emu Chick prototype implements migratory memory-side processing in a novel hardware system. Rather than transferring large amounts of data across the system interconnect, the Emu Chick moves lightweight thread contexts to near-memory cores before the beginning of each remote memory read. Previous work has characterized the performance of the Chick prototype in terms of memory bandwidth and programming differences from more typical, non-migratory platforms, but there has not yet been an analysis of algorithms on this system.

This work evaluates irregular algorithms that could benefit from the lightweight, memory-side processing of the Chick and demonstrates techniques and optimization strategies for achieving performance in sparse matrix-vector multiply operation (SpMV), breadth-first search (BFS), and graph alignment across up to eight distributed nodes encompassing 64 nodelets in the Chick system. We also define and justify relative metrics to compare prototype FPGA-based hardware with established ASIC architectures. The Chick currently supports up to 68x scaling for graph alignment, 80 MTEPS for BFS on balanced graphs, and 50% of measured STREAM bandwidth for SpMV.
Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in COVID-19: Current Concepts
Authors: Mahajan Kunal , Chand Negi Prakash , Ganju Neeraj , Sondhi Sachin , Gaur Naresh , Somendra Rao
Published: October 2020

The functional receptor to SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), the same enzyme that physiologically counters the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation. Some researchers have questioned RAS inhibitors’ safety in COVID-19 patients since these drugs have demonstrated an increase in ACE-2 expression in preclinical studies; therefore, they may facilitate viral invasion. On the contrary, others have hypothesized a protective role of RAS inhibitors against COVID-19-associated lung injury. Overall, the data are grossly inadequate to reach any conclusion since no human trials have yet evaluated the effects of RAS inhibitors in COVID-19. We review the current data and pathophysiological mechanisms behind this intriguing interplay between the RAS inhibitors and the COVID-19.
Polymorphism of MTHFR C677T Gene and the Associations with the Severity of Essential Hypertension in Northern Chinese Population
Authors: Song Junli , Hou Jie , Zhao Qiang , Liu Xuezhi , Guo Qian , Yin Donghong , Song Yan , Li Xiaoxia , Wang Shuyun , Wang Xinchun , Duan Jinju
Published: October 2020

Objective. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme of homocysteine metabolism and is closely related to the occurrence of hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of the (MTHFR) C677T and the factors influencing the severity of hypertension. Material and Methods. A total of 985 subjects were enrolled to analyze the polymorphisms of the MTHFR C677T gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 306 people with essential hypertension were selected from 985 subjects to estimate the severity of hypertension by the ordinal multivariate logistical regression model. Results. The frequencies of CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 19.5%, 49.95%, and 30.46%, respectively. The allelic frequency of mutant T was 55.43%. The plasma homocysteine level of the homozygous TT in individuals was significantly higher than in those with CC or CT

P
<
0.01

. MTHFR677CT genotype, MTHFR677TT genotype, smoking, family history of hypertension, Hcy, and triglycerides (TG) were independent risk factors for the severity of hypertension (OR = 2.29, 2.24, 2.04, 1.81, 1.04, 1.26). Conclusion. MTHFR gene, smoking, family history of hypertension, Hcy, and triglycerides could be important genetic and high-risk factors of the development of severe hypertension in northern Chinese. These factors will contribute to the identification of high-risk populations of hypertension and facilitate the development of hypertension control strategies.
Study on the Stability of the Geogrids-Reinforced Earth Slope under the Coupling Effect of Rainfall and Earthquake
Authors: Zhang Xijun , Huang Liang , Hou Yujie , Wang Bo , Xue Binghan , Shi Mingsheng
Published: October 2020

This paper focuses on understanding the dynamic response problem of flexible wrapped reinforced Earth slope under the coupling effect of earthquake and rainfall; a numerical calculation model of reinforced Earth slope considering the coupling effect of earthquake and rainfall was established. The dynamic response, pore pressure, and tensile stress distribution of the reinforcement under the rainfall before earthquake, the rainfall after the earthquake, and earthquake-rainfall are studied. The results show that the coupling effect of earthquake and rainfall is an influential factor in the dynamic analysis of reinforced Earth slopes, the analysis of which should be paid attention to and researched in the future. The combination of geogrid and soil effectively improves the deformation of the slope and the overall stability, reduces the secondary disaster of the slope, and provides a reference for the seismic construction design of the reinforced Earth slope.
A Point Cloud Simplification Method Based on Modified Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Algorithm with Feature Information Reserved
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Ming , Ma Xie
Published: October 2020

To further improve the performance of the point cloud simplification algorithm and reserve the feature information of parts point cloud, a new method based on modified fuzzy c-means (MFCM) clustering algorithm with feature information reserved is proposed. Firstly, the normal vector, angle entropy, curvature, and density information of point cloud are calculated by combining principal component analysis (PCA) and k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) algorithm, respectively; Secondly, gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is introduced to optimize the initial cluster center of fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm. Thirdly, the point cloud data combined coordinates with its feature information are divided by the MFCM algorithm. Finally, the point cloud is simplified according to point cloud feature information and simplified parameters. The point cloud test data are simplified using the new algorithm and traditional algorithms; then, the results are compared and discussed. The results show that the new proposed algorithm can not only effectively improve the precision of point cloud simplification but also reserve the accuracy of part features.
Self-Reported Antidepressant Drug Side Effects, Medication Adherence, and Its Associated Factors among Patients Diagnosed with Depression at the Psychiatric Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Marasine Nirmal Raj , Sankhi Sabina , Lamichhane Rajendra , Marasini Nabin Raj , Dangi Nim Bahadur
Published: October 2020

Objective. The present study is aimed at evaluating the side effects of antidepressant drugs, medication adherence (MA), and associated factors among patients diagnosed with depression at a psychiatric hospital in western Nepal. Methods. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 174 patients visiting the outpatient clinic of a psychiatric hospital. The antidepressant side effect checklist (ASEC) was used to classify the reported antidepressant drug side effects into mild, moderate, and severe types. The Naranjo adverse drug reaction (ADR) probability scale was employed to assess the ADRs, and the Morisky Green Levine Adherence (MGLA) score was employed to determine the rate of medication adherence. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used, and a

P

value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant in the multivariate analysis. Results. The patients were mostly female (55.74%), with a median (IQR) age of 32 (20) years. Approximately 74.13% of the patients experienced antidepressant side effects, where insomnia (17.05%) and anxiety (17.05%) were the most common. More than half of the patients (52.29%) had a low level of adherence. Females were 1.01 times more likely to be nonadherent to their antidepressant medications compared to males, adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.001 (0.31-1.63). Similarly, illiterate patients tended to be more nonadherent compared to literates, AOR: 1.342 (0. 93-2.82), and unemployed individuals were 1.5 times more likely to be nonadherent to their medications compared to employed individuals, AOR: 1.46 (1.16-4.13). Likewise, patients with severe side effects were more prone to develop nonadherence than those with moderate side effects, AOR: 1.173 (0.42-3.25). A significant association was found between the Naranjo score and medication adherence. Conclusions. This study suggests that antidepressant drug side effects were more prevalent and medication adherence was extremely poor among depressive patients in psychiatric hospitals. Factors such as gender, occupation, education, side effects, and ADRs attributed to poor medication adherence in patients.
Investigating Automobile Passengers’ Comfort and Safety on Scenic Road Using Sideway Force Coefficient
Authors: Wang Ronghua , Liu Xingliang , Han Feijie
Published: October 2020

To satisfy passengers’ experiential demand in scenic roads, a study on passengers’ comfort in the aspect of horizontal curve design is stated in this study. A new indicator sideway force coefficient (SFC) describing passengers’ comfort is introduced, which differs from lateral acceleration. The mechanism of SFC is provided depending on the dynamic balance condition of the vehicle on horizontal curve and SFCc representing passengers’ comfort tolerance limitation is investigated. A large scale naturalistic driving experiments along a park road are conducted, and the SFCc value from naturalistic driving experiments is verified through numerical simulation of 15 horizontal curves from 5 scenic roads from the perspectives of both passengers’ comfort and driving safety. The statistical analysis on data collected in field tests indicates that age and gender have no effect on SFCc, and the value of SFCc is determined as 0.291. The corresponding minimum radius limits under 20–60 km/h and superelevation 6%, 8%, and 10% are proposed. The numerical simulation denotes, when satisfying the comfort demand of passengers (SFC less than 0.291), the lateral distance path is in a safe range, which could also satisfy the safe driving requirements. Thus, SFCc and minimum radius limits proposed in this study are proved to be credible and appropriate for the curve design of horizontal alignment in scenic roads.
Failure Analysis of Locally Damaged Slender Steel Bars Strengthened with CFRP Composites: Experiments, Theory, and Computational Simulations
Authors: Li Bin , Luo Hua , Wang Xianqiao
Published: October 2020

Carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer/plastic (CFRP) composites bear attractive performance in resistance to tension, fatigue, and corrosion and, thus, have been recognized as a promising candidate for repairing and strengthening steel structures in engineering. Here, we combine experiments, theory, and numerical simulations to elucidate how the location and degree of local damages, as well as the reinforcement mode, affect the stability of slender steel bars repaired by CFRP. The deformation, failure mode, and the critical buckling load of the reinforced steel flat bars subjected to axial compressive forces are experimentally evaluated. We show that all tested specimens exhibit buckling failure, before which the damaged steel bars have entered an elastic‐plastic stage. Our theoretical analysis provides an upper bound for the critical force, which is sensitive not only to the damage degree but also to the damage location. Damage locating at the middle regime of the specimens will remarkably reduce stability of the steel bars, but an optimized combination of wrapping method and number of CFRP layers can restore and even enhance the stability of the damaged structures beyond the undamaged counterparts. Finite element simulations are implemented in the same scenario as experiments, showing good agreement with our measurements. Our findings suggest that, to improve the stability of the damaged steel bars reinforced by CFRP, the load carrying capacity of the the bars, the number of CFRP layers, and the construction convenience should be taken into account.
Evaluation of Multimodal Algorithms for the Segmentation of Multiparametric MRI Prostate Images
Authors: Nai Ying-Hwey , Teo Bernice W. , Tan Nadya L. , Chua Koby Yi Wei , Wong Chun Kit , O’Doherty Sophie , Stephenson Mary C. , Schaefferkoetter Josh , Thian Yee Liang , Chiong Edmund , Reilhac Anthonin
Published: October 2020

Prostate segmentation in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) can help to support prostate cancer diagnosis and therapy treatment. However, manual segmentation of the prostate is subjective and time-consuming. Many deep learning monomodal networks have been developed for automatic whole prostate segmentation from T2-weighted MR images. We aimed to investigate the added value of multimodal networks in segmenting the prostate into the peripheral zone (PZ) and central gland (CG). We optimized and evaluated monomodal DenseVNet, multimodal ScaleNet, and monomodal and multimodal HighRes3DNet, which yielded dice score coefficients (DSC) of 0.875, 0.848, 0.858, and 0.890 in WG, respectively. Multimodal HighRes3DNet and ScaleNet yielded higher DSC with statistical differences in PZ and CG only compared to monomodal DenseVNet, indicating that multimodal networks added value by generating better segmentation between PZ and CG regions but did not improve the WG segmentation. No significant difference was observed in the apex and base of WG segmentation between monomodal and multimodal networks, indicating that the segmentations at the apex and base were more affected by the general network architecture. The number of training data was also varied for DenseVNet and HighRes3DNet, from 20 to 120 in steps of 20. DenseVNet was able to yield DSC of higher than 0.65 even for special cases, such as TURP or abnormal prostate, whereas HighRes3DNet’s performance fluctuated with no trend despite being the best network overall. Multimodal networks did not add value in segmenting special cases but generally reduced variations in segmentation compared to the same matched monomodal network.
Application of Offshore Visibility Forecast Based on Temporal Convolutional Network and Transfer Learning
Authors: Lu Zhenyu , Zheng Cheng , Yang Tingya
Published: October 2020

Visibility forecasting in offshore areas faces the problems of low observational data and complex weather. This paper proposes an intelligent prediction method of offshore visibility based on temporal convolutional network (TCN) and transfer learning to solve the problem. First, preprocess the visibility data sets of the source and target domains to improve the quality of the data. Then, build a model based on temporal convolutional network and transfer learning (TCN_TL) to learn the visibility data of the source domain. Finally, after transferring the knowledge learned from a large amount of data in the source domain, the model learns the small data set in the target domain. After completing the training, the model data of the European Mid-Range Weather Forecast Center (ECMWF) meteorological field were selected to test the model performance. The method proposed in this paper has achieved relatively good results in the visibility forecast of Qiongzhou Strait. Taking Haikou Station in the spring and winter of 2018 as an example, the forecast error is significantly lower than that before the transfer learning, and the forecast score is increased by 0.11 within the 0-1 km level and the 24 h forecast period. Compared with the CUACE forecast results, the forecast error of TCN_TL is smaller than that of the former, and the TS score is improved by 0.16. The results show that under the condition of small data sets, transfer learning improves the prediction performance of the model, and TCN_TL performs better than other deep learning methods and CUACE.
A Dynamic Searchable Symmetric Encryption Scheme for Multiuser with Forward and Backward Security
Authors: Zhang Xi , Su Ye , Qin Jing
Published: October 2020

Dynamic Searchable Symmetric Encryption for Multiuser (M-DSSE) is an advanced form of symmetric encryption. It extends the traditional symmetric encryption to support the operations of adding and deleting the encrypted data and allow an authenticated group of data users to retrieve their respective desired encrypted data in the dynamic database. However, M-DSSE would suffer from the privacy concerns regarding forward and backward security. The former allows an attacker to identify the keywords contained in the added data by lunching file-injection attacks, while the latter allows to utilize the search results and the deleted data to learn the content. To our knowledge, these privacy concerns for M-DSSE have not been fully considered in the existing literatures. Taking account of this fact, we focus on the dynamic searchable symmetric encryption for multiuser meeting the needs of forward and backward security. In order to propose a concrete scheme, the primitives of Pseudorandom Functions (PRF) and the Homomorphic Message Authenticator (HMAC) are employed to construct the inverted index and update the search token. The proposed scheme is proven secure in the random model. And the performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme achieves the enhanced security guarantees at the reasonable price of efficiency.
Expanded Low Allele Frequency RAS and BRAF V600E Testing in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer as Predictive Biomarkers for Cetuximab in the Randomized CO.17 Trial
Authors: Loree Jonathan M. , Dowers Anthony , Tu Dongsheng , Jonker Derek J. , Edelstein Daniel L. , Quinn Hannah , Holtrup Frank , Price Timothy , Zalcberg John R. , Moore Malcolm J. , Karapetis Christos S. , O'Callaghan Chris J. , Waring Paul , Kennecke Hagen F. , Hamilton Stanley R. , Kopetz Scott
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

Expanded RAS/BRAF mutations have not been assessed as predictive for single-agent cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), and low mutant allele frequency (MAF) mutations are of unclear significance. We aimed to establish cetuximab efficacy in optimally selected patients using highly sensitive beads, emulsion, amplification, and magnetics (BEAMing) analysis, capable of detecting alterations below standard clinical assays.

Patients and Methods:

CO.17 trial compared cetuximab versus best supportive care (BSC) in RAS/BRAF-unselected mCRC. We performed RAS/BRAF analysis on microdissected tissue of 242 patients in CO.17 trial using BEAMing for KRAS/NRAS (codons 12/13/59/61/117/146) and BRAF V600E. Patients without BEAMing but with previous Sanger sequencing–detected mutations were included.

Results:

KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations were present in 53%, 4%, and 3% of tumors, respectively. Cetuximab improved overall survival [OS; HR, 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.32–0.81; P = 0.004] and progression-free survival (PFS; HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.15–0.41; P < 0.0001) compared with BSC in RAS/BRAF wild-type patients. Cetuximab did not improve OS/PFS for KRAS-, NRAS-, or BRAF-mutated tumors, and tests of interaction confirmed expanded KRAS (P = 0.0002) and NRAS (P = 0.006) as predictive, while BRAF mutations were not (P = 0.089). BEAMing identified 14% more tumors as RAS mutant than Sanger sequencing, and cetuximab lacked activity in these patients. Mutations at MAF < 5% were noted in 6 of 242 patients (2%). One patient with a KRAS A59T mutation (MAF = 2%) responded to cetuximab. More NRAS than KRAS mutations were low MAF (OR, 20.50; 95% CI, 3.88—96.85; P = 0.0038).

Conclusions:

We establish single-agent cetuximab efficacy in optimally selected patients and show that subclonal RAS/BRAF alterations are uncommon and remain of indeterminate significance.
ASR490, a Small Molecule, Overrides Aberrant Expression ofNotch1in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Tyagi Ashish , Chandrasekaran Balaji , Kolluru Venkatesh , Baby Becca V. , Sripathi Cibi A. , Ankem Murali K. , Ramisetti Srinivasa R. , Chirasani Venkat R. , Dokholyan Nikolay V. , Sharma Arun K. , Damodaran Chendil
Published: October 2020

Notch1 activation triggers significant oncogenic signaling that manifests as enhanced metastatic potential and tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer. Novel small-molecule inhibitors, mainly plant-derived analogs, have low toxicity profiles and higher bioavailability. In this study, we have developed a small molecule, ASR490, by modifying structure of naturally occurring compound Withaferin A. ASR490 showed a growth-inhibitory potential by downregulating Notch1 signaling in HCT116 and SW620 cell lines. Docking studies and thermal shift assays confirmed that ASR490 binds to Notch1, whereas no changes in Notch2 and Notch3 expression were seen in colorectal cancer cells. Notch1 governs epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition signaling and is responsible for metastasis, which was abolished by ASR490 treatment. To further confirm the therapeutic potential of ASR490, we stably overexpressed Notch1 in HCT-116 cells and determined its inhibitory potential in transfected colorectal cancer (Notch1/HCT116) cells. ASR490 effectively prevented cell growth in both the vector (P = 0.005) and Notch1 (P = 0.05) transfectants. The downregulation of Notch1 signaling was evident, which corresponded with downregulation of mesenchymal markers, including N-cadherin and β-catenin and induction of E-cadherin in HCT-116 transfectants. Intraperitoneal administration of a 1% MTD dose of ASR490 (5 mg/kg) effectively suppressed the tumor growth in control (pCMV/HCT116) and Notch1/HCT116 in xenotransplanted mice. In addition, downregulation of Notch1 and survival signaling in ASR-treated tumors confirmed the in vitro results. In conclusion, ASR490 appears to be a potent agent that can inhibit Notch1 signaling in colorectal cancer.
2020 International Consensus on First Aid Science With Treatment Recommendations
Authors: Singletary Eunice M. , Zideman David A. , Bendall Jason C. , Berry David C. , Borra Vere , Carlson Jestin N. , Cassan Pascal , Chang Wei-Tien , Charlton Nathan P. , Djärv Therese , Douma Matthew J. , Epstein Jonathan L. , Hood Natalie A. , Markenson David S. , Meyran Daniel , Orkin Aaron M. , Sakamoto Tetsuya , Swain Janel M. , Woodin Jeff A. , De Buck Emmy , De Brier Niels , O Dorien , Picard Christopher , Goolsby Craig , Oliver Emily , Klaassen Barry , Poole Kurtis , Aves Theresa , Lin Steve , Handley Anthony J. , Jensen Jan , Allan Katherine S. , Lee Chien-Chang , Schmölzer Georg M. , Morley Peter T. , Nieuwlaat Robby , Lang Eddy
Published: October 2020

This is the summary publication of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation’s
2020 International Consensus on First Aid Science With Treatment Recommendations
. It addresses the most recent published evidence reviewed by the First Aid Task Force science experts. This summary addresses the topics of first aid methods of glucose administration for hypoglycemia; techniques for cooling of exertional hyperthermia and heatstroke; recognition of acute stroke; the use of supplementary oxygen in acute stroke; early or first aid use of aspirin for chest pain; control of life-threatening bleeding through the use of tourniquets, hemostatic dressings, direct pressure, or pressure devices; the use of a compression wrap for closed extremity joint injuries; and temporary storage of an avulsed tooth. Additional summaries of scoping reviews are presented for the use of a recovery position, recognition of a concussion, and 6 other first aid topics. The First Aid Task Force has assessed, discussed, and debated the certainty of evidence on the basis of Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria and present their consensus treatment recommendations with evidence-to-decision highlights and identified priority knowledge gaps for future research.
Part 2: Evidence Evaluation and Guidelines Development: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care
Authors: Magid David J. , Aziz Khalid , Cheng Adam , Hazinski Mary Fran , Hoover Amber V. , Mahgoub Melissa , Panchal Ashish R. , Sasson Comilla , Topjian Alexis A. , Rodriguez Amber J. , Donoghue Aaron , Berg Katherine M. , Lee Henry C. , Raymond Tia T. , Lavonas Eric J.
Published: October 2020

The
2020 American Heart Association
(AHA)
Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care
is based on the extensive evidence evaluation performed in conjunction with the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. The Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support, Pediatric Basic and Advanced Life Support, Neonatal Life Support, Resuscitation Education Science, and Systems of Care Writing Groups drafted, reviewed, and approved recommendations, assigning to each recommendation a Class of Recommendation (ie, strength) and Level of Evidence (ie, quality). The 2020 Guidelines are organized in knowledge chunks that are grouped into discrete modules of information on specific topics or management issues. The 2020 Guidelines underwent blinded peer review by subject matter experts and were also reviewed and approved for publication by the AHA Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee and the AHA Executive Committee. The AHA has rigorous conflict-of-interest policies and procedures to minimize the risk of bias or improper influence during development of the guidelines. Anyone involved in any part of the guideline development process disclosed all commercial relationships and other potential conflicts of interest.
‘Instruments of Justice:’ Biblical Contributions to a Public Theology of Engagement in Eastern European Context
Authors: Constantineanu Corneliu
Published: October 2020

The context of Eastern Europe, where faith was hidden and restricted to the private life of believers for so many decades, requires a rediscovery of the public dimension of faith. This article explores the issue of justice in Paul’s letter to the Romans and shows how this could represent an important resource for thinking afresh about justice in the context of Eastern Europe. There is also an important and necessary discussion on the righteousness, justification, justice, terminology in Paul. Paul has a particular understanding of justice as an integral part of the gospel, and that the believers in Christ are empowered to act as ‘instruments of justice.’
Muslim Youth, Education, and Islam in Britain
Authors: Stjernholm Simon
Published: October 2020

This review essay discusses four recently published books that in various ways concern Islam and Muslims in Britain, especially Muslim youth. Particular attention is paid to the two issues of generation and education, which are central in the reviewed books and provide fruitful conceptual frames for analysing Muslims in Europe.
‘Assisted’ Migration and the Marshall Plan: the Italian Case
Authors: Strangio Donatella
Published: October 2020

Italy, as a country of arrival for many migrants from outside the European Union, is currently receiving much international media attention because of the ongoing so-called ‘migration crisis’. Historically, however, Italy has been a country of outward migration. This article analyses the history of Italian migration during the post-Second World War years. This crucial period in Italian history was characterised by economic reconstruction and recovery led by international institutions and the Marshall Plan. The Marshall Plan’s provisions on migration have received little scholarly attention, and this neglect is particularly pronounced in the case of Italy. This historical research draws mainly from documents retrieved from the Marshall Plan’s collections at the archives of the Bank of Italy, originally produced in the aftermath of the Second World War. The article is divided into four parts. The first section outlines the problem and embeds it within the existing literature on the history of migration policy in Italy. The second part examines the induced aid and migration policies of post-war Italy. The third part considers the architecture of the migration policy of that time, e.g. funding allocations and requests submitted to the United States for destination countries, such as Canada, or continents such as Latin America and Africa. Finally, the last section provides more in-depth analysis of the erp itself and its impact on Italian out-migration. The article concludes that cooperating and joint programming is a necessity for states in the management of migration.
The Interconnected Legacy of Migration, Drought, and Development in Santarém do Pará
Authors: Vilgiate Timothy
Published: October 2020

During major droughts in 1951–1953 and 1958, families from the rural Northeast of Brazil migrated to Santarém do Pará, a port city on the Lower Amazon. Over time, migrants and their descendants developed a significant presence in commerce and local politics, while retaining a multifaceted and complicated identity rooted in the Northeast. This article considers the formation of North-eastern identity in Santarém through an intergenerational lens, examining the stories about migration told by migrants and their descendants, as well as locals. In the city, narratives about migration from the Northeast and North-eastern identities are shaped in response to local conversations about development, national discourses about regional identity, and by intrafamilial and personal responses to the memory and trauma of drought. For the most part, North-eastern migrants in Santarém have embraced their role in bringing development to the city, seeing their triumph over the circumstances of drought and their economic success in the city as a triumph over the prejudices and disadvantages faced by their ancestors.
Sniffin’ Sticks to Measure Olfactory Function and Recovery Following Bilateral Superior Turbinate Resection as Part of Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Approach
Authors: Gong Shaina W. , Ahmadi Sorour , Blackburn Spiros L. , Ulin Lindsey , Citardi Martin J. , Luong Amber , Yao William C.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Extended endoscopic transsphenoidal (EET) approaches can include complete resection of both superior turbinate (ST) for wider exposure. Moreover, ST resection has been associated with postoperative olfactory impairment.

Objective:

We sought to determine the impact of bilateral ST resection on olfaction during a transsphenoidal approach.

Method:

A prospective observational study was conducted on 29 patients undergoing endoscopic skull base surgery sparing the olfactory tracts at a tertiary academic center. Olfactory function was measured with Sniffin’ Sticks at the preoperative visit, 2-weeks and 6 to 8 weeks postoperatively. All components: odor threshold (OT), odor discrimination (OD), odor identification (OI) and composite scores (TDI = OT+OD+OI) were evaluated.

Result:

Study was completed in 15 patients with 14 excluded due to a variety of reasons. At 2 weeks, a significant decrease was noted in composite scores (32.3 ± 5.4 vs. 23.8 ± 5.8, P < .05) and OT (7.7 vs. 3.2, P < .05). There was a significant increase in olfactory scores between post-op weeks 2 and 6 to 8 weeks in TDI (23.8 vs. 31.4, P < .05) as well as in OT (3.2 vs. 7.6, P < .05), OD (9.4 vs. 11.1, P < .05), and OI (11.1 vs. 12.7, P < .05). No significant difference was found between TDI (32.3 ± 5.4 vs. 31.4 ± 5.1), OT (7.7 vs. 7.6), OD (11.4 vs. 11.1) and OI (13.2 vs. 12.7) from preoperative and 6-8 weeks postoperative visits.

Conclusion:

Patients undergoing bilateral ST resection during EET procedures experience transient hyposmia postoperatively. However, the olfactory function normalizes to preoperative levels at 6 to 8 weeks. The resection of the bilateral superior turbinate does not appear to decrease olfactory function.
Implementation of a Pharmacist Monitoring Process for Patients on QTc Prolonging Antibiotics: A Pilot Study
Authors: Newell Benjamin , Wirick Nathan , Rigelsky Frank , Migal Kimberly
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to implement a pharmacist monitoring process for 4 antimicrobials; azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and fluconazole. This pilot study was a patient safety initiative to screen patients and engage providers about therapies at risk for QT prolongation. Methodology: A concurrent chart review was performed at a single center from January 6, to February 22, 2020, of adult patients ≥ 18 years of age initiated on azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and fluconazole. Patient risk factors assessed: age, female sex, loop diuretic use, potassium ≤ 3.5 mEq/L, QTc ≥ 450 ms, acute myocardial infarction (MI) or heart failure, 1 or more QTc prolonging agents, and sepsis. The primary endpoint was successful implementation of the QTc monitoring process by pharmacists. Secondary endpoints were the interventions made by pharmacists. Results: From January 6, to February 22, 2020, there were a total of 412 orders for one of the target antimicrobials that resulted in 157 documented pharmacist reviews (38.1%). Of the 157 evaluations, 100 of these represented patients in our high risk group (84 moderate, 16 high risk). Successful implementation was observed through documentation of assessment on all patients with moderate or high risk scores in the 100 person cohort. Conclusion: The pilot study demonstrated a successful implementation of a QTc monitoring process by pharmacists since all patients had documented reviews. Further steps include investigating how to improve efficiency, as well as ways for continued success in monitoring.
Equity Market Anomalies, VIX and Asset Pricing: Trading Strategies for India
Authors: Pandey Asheesh
Published: October 2020

In this article we examine five prominent equity anomalies, viz., size, value, profitability, investment and momentum for Indian capital market using data from July 2001 to June 2019. We test the sample anomalies through four prominent factor models and find that all the factor anomalies remain significant for India, however, size and value anomaly provide substantial risk adjusted returns to be exploited by portfolio managers. We further evaluate if the anomalies tend to reverse under different macro-economic uncertainty, which is proxied by VIX. We find barring Size effect none of the anomaly reverses under different macro-economic conditions. We further observe that Fama French three factor model subsumes the majority of the alpha effect, however, none of the factor models fully explain the alphas of sample anomalies. Finally, we find that few of the sample anomalies are countercyclical in nature and thus, provide time diversification opportunity. Profitability-size anomaly provides risk adjusted time diversification opportunity. Our results have significant implications for portfolio managers, policy makers and academia.
Changing Climate, Changing Terrain: The Stasis Metaphor and the Climate Crisis
Authors: Weech Shelton
Published: October 2020

Rhetorical theory has frequently relied on metaphors of place and positioning as heuristics to build better arguments. This article utilizes one such metaphor, that of stasis theory, as a method by which we might change the terrain of the conversation surrounding the climate crisis. As an example, the author does a rhetorical analysis of a recent agricultural report from the Indiana Climate Change Impacts Assessment and finds that, rather than using traditional questions of conjecture and quality, the authors of the report focus on questions of procedure and definition to reframe the discussion surrounding the climate crisis. Drawing from the rhetoric in this report, the author suggests that technical communicators might similarly produce more fruitful conversations around the climate crisis if they focus on what to do (procedure) and redefining the crisis as a local issue (definition).
Kinesio taping does not improve ankle functional or performance in people with or without ankle injuries: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nunes Guilherme S , Feldkircher Jonatan M , Tessarin Bruna Mariana , Bender Paula Urio , da Luz Clarissa Medeiros , de Noronha Marcos
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To investigate whether Kinesio taping technique, applied to ankles of healthy people as a preventive intervention and people with ankle injuries, is superior to sham or alternative interventions on ankle function.

Data Sources:

Medline, Embase, Amed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science, from inception to August 2020.

Review methods:

The terms “ankle” and “kinesio taping” were used in the search strategy. Included studies were randomized controlled trials (including crossover design) investigating Kinesio taping effects on ankle functional performance compared to any alternative or control/sham technique.

Results:

From 5,572 studies, 84 met the eligibility criteria which evaluated 2,684 people. Fifty-eight meta-analyses from 44 studies were performed (participants in meta-analyses ranging from 27 to 179). Fifty-one meta-analyses reported ineffectiveness of Kinesio taping: moderate evidence for star excursion balance test (anterior direction), jump distance, dorsiflexion range of motion, and plantar flexion torque for healthy people (effect size = 0.08–0.13); low to very-low evidence for balance, jump performance, range of motion, proprioception, muscle capacity and EMG for healthy people; balance for older people; and balance and jump performance for people with chronic instability. Seven meta-analyses reported results favoring Kinesio taping (effect size[95% CI]): low to very-low evidence for balance (stabilometry, ranging from 0.42[0.07–0.77] to 0.65[0.29–1.02]) and ankle inversion (0.84[0.28–1.40]) for healthy people; balance for older people (COP velocity, 0.90[0.01–1.78]); and balance for people with chronic instability (errors, 0.55[0.06–1.04]).

Conclusions:

Current evidence does not support or encourage the use of Kinesio taping applied to the ankle for improvements in functional performance, regardless the population.
Implementing Interventions with Varying Marginal Cost-Effectiveness: An Application in Precision Medicine
Authors: Wright Stuart J. , Paulden Mike , Payne Katherine
Published: October 2020

Purpose. A range of barriers may constrain the effective implementation of strategies to deliver precision medicine. If the marginal costs and consequences of precision medicine vary at different levels of implementation, then such variation will have an impact on relative cost-effectiveness. This study aimed to illustrate the importance and quantify the impact of varying marginal costs and benefits on the value of implementation for a case study in precision medicine. Methods. An existing method to calculate the value of implementation was adapted to allow marginal costs and consequences of introducing precision medicine into practice to vary across differing levels of implementation. This illustrative analysis used a case study based on a published decision-analytic model-based cost-effectiveness analysis of a 70-gene recurrence score (MammaPrint) for breast cancer. The impact of allowing for varying costs and benefits for the value of the precision medicine and of implementation strategies was illustrated graphically and numerically in both static and dynamic forms. Results. The increasing returns to scale exhibited by introducing this specific example of precision medicine mean that a minimum level of implementation (51%) is required for using the 70-gene recurrence score to be cost-effective at a defined threshold of €20,000 per quality-adjusted life year. The observed variation in net monetary benefit implies that the value of implementation strategies was dependent on the initial and ending levels of implementation in addition to the magnitude of the increase in patients receiving the 70-gene recurrence score. In dynamic models, incremental losses caused by low implementation accrue over time unless implementation is improved. Conclusions. Poor implementation of approaches to deliver precision medicine, identified to be cost-effective using decision-analytic model-based cost-effectiveness analysis, can have a significant economic impact on health systems. Developing and evaluating the economic impact of strategies to improve the implementation of precision medicine will potentially realize the more cost-effective use of health care budgets.
Possible environmental exposure-associated pulmonary cryptococcosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Yang Guangdie , Chen Junjun , Ye Jiani , Yao Yinan , Pan Zhijie
Published: October 2020

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) taking long-term immunosuppressive drugs are more susceptible to opportunistic infections, such as cryptococcosis. A 65-year-old woman was transferred to our hospital for rapidly progressing pulmonary lesions identified by lung computed tomography. She had a 7-year history of RA and had been prescribed methotrexate and glucocorticoids for 10 months. Additionally, our patient had a history of environmental exposure to house renovation lasting approximately 1 week before onset. Her serological test results and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC). The patient recovered well after 6 months of fluconazole treatment. In addition, we summarized 28 reported cases of RA patients with PC and found that older age might be a risk factor for cryptococcal infection in RA patients. The most common location for pulmonary lesions was the lower lobe, and the most common radiologic manifestations were nodules. Detection of cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen was important for diagnosis. Patients undergoing antirheumatic therapy should avoid exposure to Cryptococcus.
The conductor’s intensity gestures
Authors: Poggi Isabella , D’Errico Francesca , Ansani Alessandro
Published: October 2020

This work is aimed at outlining a repertoire of conductors’ gestures. In this perspective, it presents two studies that investigate a specific subset of the body signals of orchestra and choir conductors, namely, the gestures for musical intensity. First, an observational qualitative study, based on a systematic coding of a corpus of fragments from orchestra concerts and rehearsals, singled out 21 gestures, in which either the gesture as a whole or some aspects of it conveyed indications for forte, piano, crescendo, or diminuendo; some are symbolic gestures, used either with the same meaning as in everyday interaction or with one specific of conductors; others are iconic gestures, both directly or indirectly iconic. Second, in a perception study, a questionnaire submitted to 77 participants tested if 8 gestures of intensity out of the 21 singled out by the coding study are in fact shared and understood, and whether they are better interpreted by music experts than by laypeople. Results showed that the tested gestures are fairly comprehensible, not only by experts but also by non-expert participants, probably due, for some gestures, to their high level of iconicity, and for others to their closeness to everyday gestures.