bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of External Governance Mechanism on the Performance of Listed Banks of Pakistan with the Moderating Role of Government Ownership
Authors: Ali Shoaib , Naveed Hafiz Muhammad
Published: November 2020

This research aims to examine the external governance process boosts the performance of Pakistan's listed commercial banks by estimating the return on equity (ROE) and earnings per share (EPS). The research involved external governance mechanism with the moderating role of government ownership. The study's sample structure consists of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) listed banks with the existence of government ownership from 2014 to 2018. Data is obtained as well from financial statements, shareholding trends, and the Credit Rating Agency of Pakistan (PACRA). To meet the specific aim of the research and to satisfy the goals of the analysis, the panel data methodology (fixed effect and random effect model) has been applied. The findings have shown that the external governance system plays an important role in the banking sector's accountability and performance. Government ownership may also improve banking institution efficiency by improving external governance mechanisms. This study will allow commercial banks to overcome the challenges and boost efficiency with the external governance mechanism and devise better working strategies. This study makes it easier for the bankers' rulers to run the external governance system to strengthen bank efficiency. This work is unique because no one defined an external governance system with government ownership as a moderating role.
HAMBATAN KOMUNIKASI PADA MASYARAKAT ETNIK MINANG DI KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Putri Triyani , Yuliani Fitria
Published: November 2020

Dalam kehidupan sosial, interaksi terhadap sesama sangat dibutuhkan karena manusia saling membutuhkan satu sama lain. Namun, untuk terciptanya interaksi tersebut tidaklah mudah, karena akan ada faktor yang menciptakan hambatan dalam komunikasi tersebut, salah satunya adalah budaya. Penelitian ini mengkaji hambatan yang dialami masyarakat etnik Minang yang berada di kota Bengkulu, menggunakan metode kualitatif dan teori Interaksi Simbolik yang memiliki 3 unsur yaitu unsur Mind, Self dan Society. Hasil penelitian ini, pada Mind yaitu adanya perspektif yang timbul dari masyarakat sekitar kepada masyarakat etnik Minang, Self yaitu adanya pelaku dan korban hasil dari perspektif masyarakat lokal dan Society yaitu terciptanya lingkungan baru hasil dari perspektif (Mind) yang disebarkan oleh Individu (Self)
Strategi Humas dalam Membangun Citra Madrasah Menjadi Mdarasah Unggulan di Kota Malang
Authors: Al Givari Abie Maulana
Published: November 2020

This study aims to describe the public relations strategy in building the image of madrasas to become superior madrasahs in Malang City. This research was conducted in MAN 1 Malang City. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach, and in data collection researchers used interview techniques, observation and documentation study. The main subjects in this study are public relations, school principals, teachers and students. The results of this research are: 1) Public Relations publishes activities to be carried out by MAN 1 Malang City and the achievements achieved by MAN 1 Malang City to the community through online media 2) Public Relations collaborates with government agencies, education and non-educational institutions 3) Public Relations prepare high quality graduates in accordance with the vision of MAN 1 Malang City, namely "The Realization of High Quality People in Science and Technology who are Humanist and Religious.
Konstribusi Pondok Pesantren dalam Menanamkan Karakter Washatiyah di Yayasan Pondok Pesantren Qamarul Huda Bagu (YP2QH)
Authors: Badrun Badrun
Published: November 2020

Islamic boarding schools basically have a distinctive soul and philosophy. This spirit and philosophy guarantees the existence of the pesantren, and even becomes the driving force in educating students and maintaining the continuity of the institution towards progress in the future. The pesantren has five souls or it can be called five souls, namely sincerity, simplicity, independence, ukhuwah / brotherhood, and freedom in determining the field of struggle. As an educational institution, Islamic boarding schools have a big role as a fortress to defend the nation's moral values. However, the decline in moral and ethical values will affect the integrity of the nation and state. Therefore, the government has determined character education as a content that must be present at every level of education, including in Islamic boarding schools.
DOING BUSINESS IN NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR AFRICA’S INDUSTRIALIZATION
Authors: Nnabuife Ezimma , Okeke Titus Chukwuemezie , Ndubuisi-Okolo Purity. U.
Published: November 2020

Evidence has shown that no continent can develop without being industrialized and such industrialization must be seen as emanating from the individual Nations that make up the continent. Africa as a continent has continued to lag behind in industrialization mainly because most of the countries that make it up are still not measuring up in the indices of global competitiveness, especially the ease of doing business index published by the World Bank. Nigeria, the focus of the study, usually described as one of the largest economies in Africa, still has many hurdles preventing it from satisfying most indicators of the ease of doing business index. This study was informed by the need to investigate the specific factors militating against the ease of doing business in Nigeria comparing them with those of select leading nations. Findings reveal that procedures for starting a business, getting electricity, registering property, and paying taxes were the most problematic areas encountered by Nigeria’s small and medium scale businesses. It was, therefore, recommended that procedures and requirements towards reaching the mentioned indices in the ease of doing business should be made more easily accessible and multiple taxations made impossible through more stringent laws.
EDUCATION AND INDUSTRIALIZATION: THE PLACE OF WOMEN
Authors: Umejiaku Nneka
Published: November 2020

The role of women in industry can never be overemphasized because education and industrialization are veritable tools for emancipating women from poverty. This study examines the position of women in industry and finds that African women, particularly Nigerian women do not thrive in industry like their male counterparts due to many factors that inhibit them. These factors include legal and traditional practices that are rooted in our culture. Apart from legal factors, the work finds some cultural factors like early marriage and widowhood practices that are inimical to participation of women in industry. The work recommends that Nigerian laws should be reviewed, particularly the 1999 Constitution which should be made gender sensitive, so that women will be empowered to participate fully in industry. Also, all obnoxious cultural practices that are inimical to participation of women in industry should be jettisoned.
Experiencia de didáctica de las ciencias sociales, experimentales y técnicas para motivar al alumnado con talento en la etapa de la ESO
Authors: Corrales Serrano Mario , Martínez SánchezCortés Mercedes
Published: November 2020

En los últimos años se ha venido destacando la importancia de atender adecuadamente a estudiantes que muestran talentos especiales, y que en ocasiones no han sido diagnosticados de altas capacidades por falta de medios. Este trabajo
presenta el diseño, aplicación y resultados preliminares de un proyecto de trabajo
para motivar a estudiantes con talento, algunos de ellos diagnosticados de altas capacidades, en las áreas de ciencias sociales, experimentales y técnicas, en la etapa de
Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Para lograr el objetivo, se ha implementado una
metodología de aprendizaje basado en proyectos, dentro de un contexto gamificado,
diseñado para trabajar las inteligencias múltiples. Los resultados muestran un crecimiento de la motivación de los estudiantes participantes en la experiencia, tal y como se planteaba en sus objetivos.
Gestión del talento humano dentro de la academia chilena de literatura infantil-juvenil
Authors: Socías Muñoz Estela
Published: November 2020

Se abordan las actividades propias de la Academia, que es una
organización comunitaria sin fines de lucro, que busca desarrollar los talentos humanos de niños, niñas y adultos, a través del fomento de la lectura y escritura. El
objetivo principal de la institución es gestionar en forma conjunta el capital humano integrativo en los procesos organizacionales, para atraer gestionar, desarrollar,
motivar a los socios de la entidad, con el único fin de lograr la ejecución de una
estrategia, para avanzar en los objetivos planteados. Se utilizará una metodología histórica-cualitativa, entendiendo que la finalidad es comprender las razones
que desencadenan la presencia del fenómeno a estudiar. Y la importancia de la
existencia de estas entidades recurriendo a textos de autores que han analizado el
problema planteado.
Actividad física escolar y extraescolar en estudiantes adolescentes, diferentes motivaciones y beneficios para la salud
Authors: Llamazares López Adrián , Nieto Rodríguez Jorge , Ventola Rodríguez Natalia , Moral García José E.
Published: November 2020

Teniendo en cuenta los diferentes aspectos biológicos, psicológicos
y sociales de cada persona, existe una clara relación entre los adolescentes y la práctica de actividad física en la actualidad es flagrante, la cual se ve influenciada por
la familia y el profesor de Educación Física de manera más significativa. Frente a la
falta de tiempo argumentada por los sedentarios. Las principales razones para realizarla son: el fomento de las relaciones sociales y la obtención de placer y diversión.
Durante la adolescencia, los jóvenes se enfrentan con conductas que suponen un riesgo para la salud, observándose una relación positiva entre la práctica de actividad
física y hábitos saludables, así como también beneficios en el ámbito académico. En
líneas generales, la población adolescente muestra un nivel muy bajo de práctica de
actividad física, siendo necesario revertir esta tendencia mediante programas de intervención extracurriculares e incrementando el horario lectivo de Educación Física
Anaerobic Co-digestion of Pineapple Wastes with Cow Dung: Effect of Different Total Solid Content on Bio-methane Yield
Authors: Aili Hamzah Adila Fazliyana , Hamzah Muhammad Hazwan , Ahmad Mazlan Fauzan Najmi , Che Man Hasfalina , Jamali Nur Syakina , Siajam Shamsul Izhar
Published: November 2020

The abundance of agricultural wastes produced from pineapple processing and livestock industries has resulted in the difficulties of disposing of a large amount of waste. Anaerobic digestion is a way to reduce waste and generate renewable energy sources including biogas. In this study, pineapple waste is co-digested with cow dung in batch experiments under mesophilic temperature at 38±1°C at a working volume of 100 ml in 125 ml serum bottle. The effects of the total solid on methane yields are investigated at a different substrate ratio. The batch study is conducted at 3 different total solid which are 12%, 20% and 28% and at three different substrate ratio cow dung to pineapple waste (CD: PW) (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3). Daily biogas collection for 28% total solid at 1:1 ratio results in the highest cumulative biogas production of 313 ml, followed by 28% total solid at 1:3 ratio with 246 ml biogas yield. The highest methane yield is achieved at 12% total solid with a 1:2 ratio (17.19 CH4/g VS). Results show that at 12% total solid produces the highest methane yield at all ratios compared to other total solid percentages. Moreover, methane yield decreases as the total solid percentage increases from 12% to 28%. Overall, the production of methane from pineapple wastes co-digested with cow dung is proven to be a good strategy to minimise solid wastes.
Indeterminação Zero Elevado a Zero: Saberes Disciplinares e Pedagógicos na Formação Inicial de Professores de Matemática
Authors: Campos Fabio Antunes Brun de
Published: November 2020

O trabalho apresenta uma prática realizada no curso de licenciatura em Matemática, da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, na qual o autor propôs aos acadêmicos, a criação de um material didático que abordasse algum conceito da matemática básica. Um grupo composto por quatro acadêmicos, escolheu realizar um vídeo abordando o conteúdo de Potência e foram conduzidos a reflexão sobre a potência zero elevado a zero. A partir desta prática, a pesquisa buscou compreender a relação desse grupo de acadêmicos com o saber matemático zero elevado a zero. Para a produção dos dados foi utilizado a abordagem qualitativa, e para a análise, a observação do diálogo entre o grupo e o professor via WhatsApp, observado o material didático produzido por eles e pelos relatos dos acadêmicos em um questionário. Como resultados percebeu-se que a potência, zero elevado a zero, é culturalmente concebida e ensinada, de forma equivocada através da frase: “todo número elevado a zero é um”. Trazendo reflexões sobre os processos de ensino desenvolvidos na formação inicial dos professores de matemática e indicando a mobilização conciliada dos saberes disciplinares e pedagógicos para que a indeterminação seja disseminada de forma correta nos espaços educacionais. Assim, espera-se contribuir com a formação de professores de matemática, na compreensão da indeterminação zero elevado a zero e fomentar a pesquisa e o ensino sobre este saber, nos diferentes contextos de ensino e aprendizagem da matemática.
Comparison of Capillary and Venous Glucose in Diabetic Patient in a Peripheral Hospital
Authors: Rajbhandari Bibek , Shrestha Tirtha Man , Aacharya Ramesh
Published: November 2020

Introduction: This study was done to determine the mean difference and correlation between fasting capillary and venous glucose estimation.

Methods: This was cross-sectional analytic study done in United Mission Hospital, Palpa, Tansen. Calculated sample size was 92, convenience sampling technique was used. During 5 month of duration in 92 diabetic patients, where fasting capillary and venous glucose were performed consecutively. Confounding was ruled out with matching approach, adjustment tests were also used like X2 Mantel -Haenszel and logistic regression. Reporting guideline of this observational study was done with the help of SROBE guidelines.

Results: The mean venous blood glucose was 9.52% higher than the Mean capillary glucose. A strong correlation was observed between venous and capillary blood glucose, with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.94.

Conclusions: There is a significant difference in the blood glucose results analyzed on a bedside glucometer when the samples are taken from capillary or venous sources. Although good correlation is between venous and capillary derived samples, caution must be exercised in accepting the results as equivalent or using either as substitutes for a laboratory blood glucose result.
Two Reused "Blattkelch" Capitals from Patara. An Example of Reuse in the 2nd Century AD in the Context of the Building Activities in and around the Nero Bath
Authors: KOÇAK Mustafa , ŞAHİN Feyzullah
Published: November 2020

During the excavations of the last few years in the so-called Nero bath in Patara, two Blattkelch capitals were found, which gave reasons to the following article. These two capitals were created in the early Roman Imperial Period, although they were not used in the bath until the 2nd century AD. They, and another six that have now disappeared, crowned columns of breccia marble in the frigidarium of the bath mentioned above, which was added around the middle of the 2nd century AD. It was therefore clear to us that this was a practice of reuse in the Roman Imperial Period. This phenomenon, the reuse of architectural elements in that time, has been little studied so far, in contrast to late antiquity and later periods. Although it was relatively easy to determine the reuse in this case of Patara, it is hardly possible to make any statements about the interpretation of its meaning. In this respect, it can only be hoped that more research will increase in the future. The following essay should serve as a contribution to such research.
Influence of the Balanced Diet on Enrolment in ECE Centres in Turkana Central Sub County, Turkana County, Kenya
Authors: Erukudi Locha , Edabu Paul
Published: November 2020

School Feeding Programmes (SFP) were created for the purpose of eradicating hunger, supporting education, health and development. Although SFP is offered in Kenya, approximately 55% of children in do not go to school. According to CBS, roughly 50% of ECDE children do not attend school in Turkana Central Constituency. Therefore, the introduction of SFP in schools was envisioned to improve enrolment in schools. This study sought to establish the influence of SFP on children enrolment in early childhood education centres in Turkana Central Sub-County, Kenya. The specific objective was to determine the influence of the balanced diet on student enrolment in ECE centres in Turkana Central Sub County, Kenya. The study was based on program. The study used a mixed research method. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design. The target population was 250 schools, 78 teachers and headteachers and 5,000 parents in pre-schools in Turkana Central Sub County. The study used purposive sampling to select respondents. The sample size of the study was 150 schools, 60 teachers and headteachers and 357 parents. Primary data was gathered by the use of questionnaires and interview guides. Secondary data consisted of report forms of pre-schoolers. Quantitative information was analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. Multiple regression was done to analyse the influence of SFPs on children enrolment in ECDE centres the county. The study found that a balanced diet positively relates to children enrolment in ECE centres in Turkana Central Sub County. The study therefore recommends the government to increase food supply to ensure adequacy. There is a need to continue the supply of balanced diet to children because it improves their growth and learning. Some of the children are from very poor families and during school holidays they suffer because of lack of food; the study, therefore, recommends orphans, poor and disabled to be fed even during holidays.
Crystal structure determination of kosnarite, KZr2(PO4)3, from the Mario Pinto Mine, Jenipapo district, Itinga, Brazil
Authors: Piilonen Paula C. , Friis Henrik , Rowe Ralph , Poirier Glenn
Published: November 2020

The crystal structure of a natural kosnarite, KZr2(PO4)3 from the Mario Pinto Mine, Jenipapo district, Brazil, has been determined for the first time. Kosnarite and its related synthetic compounds (NZP) are open-framework orthophosphates of the type ([6]M′[8]M′′)L2(TO4)3 (where M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; L = Ti, Zr, Hf; and T = P, Si). These compounds have been proposed as potential radioactive waste hosts as a result of their physiochemical properties and because their crystal structure allows for extreme isomorphism and incorporation of all 42 radioactive nuclides present in nuclear waste. Kosnarite from the Mario Pinto mine is hexagonal, Rc, with a = 8.7205(1), c = 23.9436(3) Å, and V = 1576.89(4) Å3. The average chemical formula (n = 75) is (K0.96Na0.02)Σ0.98(Zr1.93Hf0.08)Σ1.01(P2.99Si0.01)Σ3.00O12. The structure contains one six-coordinated Zr site (L), one four-coordinated P site (T), and a six-coordinated K site (M′); in kosnarite, the M″ site is vacant. The average bond lengths in the ZrO6 octahedra (2.0646 Å) and PO4 tetrahedra (1.5278 Å) are slightly larger than those observed in the synthetic analogue ( = 2.063 Å,  = 1.522 Å). The ZrO6 octahedra and PO4 tetrahedra share corners to form ribbons of [Zr2(PO4)3]– units parallel to the c axis, which are further joined by PO4 tetrahedra perpendicular to c to form a 3D network. Kosnarite is one of only five natural alkali zircono-orthophosphates, all of which are late-stage hydrothermal minerals. Although synthetic Na-dominant endmember analogues of kosnarite exist, the distortions in the structure with respect to the M and L octahedra, along with experimental evidence at hydrothermal temperatures, suggest that only K (or Li) endmembers are possible in nature.
Lėtinis kosulys
Authors: Stravinskaitė Kristina , Šitkauskienė Brigita , Sakalauskas Raimundas
Published: November 2020

Lėtiniu kosuliu laikomas kosulys, kuris užsitęsia ne trumpiau kaip aštuonias savaites. Lėtiniu kosuliu skundžiasi nuo 3 iki 40 proc. gyventojų. Dažniausios lėtinio kosulio priežastys yra astma, gastroezofaginio refliukso liga ir rinitas. Paciento, kuris skundžiasi lėtiniu kosuliu, tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti kosulį sukėlusią priežastį. Lėtinio kosulio priežastį pavyksta nustatyti 75–90 proc. atvejų. Pagrindinis lėtinio kosulio gydymo principas – jį sukėlusios priežasties šalinimas. Tokio gydymo veiksmingumas yra 68–98 proc. Jei lėtinio kosulio priežasties nustatyti nepavyksta arba etiologinis gydymas negalimas ar neveiksmingas, skiriama kosulį slopinančių vaistų.
Pleurito diferencinė diagnostika
Authors: Zablockis Rolandas
Published: November 2020

Straipsnyje apžvelgiamos dažniausios skysčio pleuros ertmėje priežastys, nagrinėjama vaizdinių tyrimo metodų, pleuros skysčio, pleuros bioptato tyrimų reikšmė atliekant diferencinę diagnostiką.
Infekcijos ir antibiotikų reikšmė susirgimui astma bei astmos gydymui
Authors: Bubnaitienė Vilija
Published: November 2020

Astmos ir kitų atopinių ligų paplitimas per pastaruosius  3 dešimtmečius grėsmingai padidėjo visame pasaulyje. Kita pasaulinė visuomenės sveikatos problema – vis dažnesnis nereikalingas antibiotikų skyrimas, ypač vaikams, virusinėms ar nereikšmingoms bakterinėms ligoms gydyti. Vis daugėja tyrimais pagrįstų įrodymų, kad sergamumas astma ir kitomis atopinėmis ligomis didėja dėl per dažno antibiotikų vartojimo ir mažėjančio mikrobinių antigenų stimuliuojamojo poveikio bręstančiai imuninei sistemai, reikalingo, kad susiformuotų neatopinis Th1 tipo atsakas, ypač pirmaisiais gyvenimo metais. Kvėpavimo takų infekcija, ypač bakterinė, pirmaisiais gyvenimo metais padedanti subrandinti vaiko imuninę sistemą ir apsisaugoti nuo astmos, vėliau gali tapti susirgimo astma priežastimi arba sukelti astmos paūmėjimą jau šia liga sergančiam pacientui. Tokiais atvejais būtinas tinkamas antibakterinis gydymas. Vis dėlto antibiotikais astma sergančių pacientų nederėtų gydyti rutiniškai. Antibakterinis gydymas skirtinas tik tiems astma sergantiems pacientams, kuriems pasireiškia klinikinių, biologinių ir/ar radiologinių bakterinės infekcijos požymių.
Alergija maistui
Authors: Bajoriūnienė Ieva
Published: November 2020

Alergija maistui – tai neįprasta, arba padidėjusio jautrumo, organizmo imuninės sistemos reakcija į įvairias maisto sudedamąsias dalis. Sergamumas alergija maistui, kaip ir daugeliu kitų alerginių ligų, pastebimai didėja. Alergija maistui pasireiškia klasikiniais alergijos simptomais, kurie yra labai įvairūs ir pažeidžia daugelį organų: odą, virškinamąjį kanalą, kvėpavimo bei širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemas. Įtarti alergiją maistui lengvai gali kiekvienas, tačiau neretai sunku ją būna atskirti ne tik nuo maisto sukeliamų nealerginių padidėjusio jautrumo reakcijų, bet ir kitų vidaus organų ligų. Diagnostikos metodai: odos mėginiai, specifinių antikūnų tyrimai serume, eliminacijos ir provokacijos mėginiai, padeda tiksliai diagnozuoti alergiją maistui, o tinkamas gydymas leidžia apsaugoti nuo sunkių, net gyvybei pavojingų alerginių reakcijų, taip pat netinkamos mitybos dėl nepagrįstai ribojamų maisto produktų.
Naujos alerginio rinito ir astmos specifinės imunoterapijos galimybės
Authors: Staikūnienė Jūratė
Published: November 2020

Alerginių ligų gydymas yra sudėtinis ir pradedamas nuo alergeno, sukėlusio ligos požymius, nustatymo. Namų dulkių erkių, naminių gyvūnų, pelėsių, tarakonų alergenai – reikšmingiausi patalpų, namų aplinkos alergenai, sukeliantys alerginį rinitą ir astmą. Lauko aplinkoje alergines reakcijas sukelia augalų žiedadulkių ir pelėsių alergenai. Alergenų išvengti padedančios priemonės yra pirmaeilės ir pageidaujamos, tačiau sudaryti alergiškam pacientui aplinką su mažai alergenų, pavyzdžiui, žiedadulkių augalų žydėjimo metu, ne visada pavyksta. Tuo tarpu duomenys apie pavienių patalpų alergenų, iš jų namų dulkių erkių, katės, šuns, šalinimo priemonių poveikį mažinant alerginio rinito ir astmos simptomus, yra prieštaringi [1]. Gydymas vaistais – antras alerginės ligos gydymo žingsnis. Pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais sukurti ir įdiegti nauji astmos ir alerginio rinito medikamentiniai kontrolės būdai yra veiksmingi ir saugūs. Deja, nėra nė vieno vaisto, išgydančio alerginį rinitą ar astmą, dėl to vaistus reikia vartoti visą ligos laikotarpį [2, 3]. Alerginiu rinitu ir astma sergantiems ligoniams, kuriems reikia nuolatinio gydymo vaistais, kol liga ankstyvų stadijų, gali būti taikoma specifinė imunoterapija [2–7].
Antros kartos H1 antihistamininiai vaistai: jų vartojimo indikacijos, veiksmingumas ir saugumas
Authors: Ragaišienė Sandra , Šitkauskienė Brigita
Published: November 2020

Vienas iš svarbiausių mediatorių, dalyvaujančių alerginio rinito, lėtinės dilgėlinės bei kitų alerginių reakcijų patofiziologiniuose procesuose, yra histaminas. Veikdamas H1 receptorius, histaminas sukelia odos niežulį, papulinį išbėrimą, bronchų spazmą, nosies niežulį ir užburkimą. Simptomams slopinti skiriama pirmos ir antros kartos antihistamininių vaistų. Kadangi šie vaistai yra vieni dažniausiai vartojamų, straipsnyje aprašomi abiejų klasių antihistamininių vaistų skirtumai daugiau dėmesio atkreipiant į antros kartos vaistų vartojimo indikacijas, jų veiksmingumą ir saugumą.
Determinasi Rotasi KAP, Tenur Auditor Dan Kualitas Audit Terhadap Manajemen Laba
Authors: Amasti Novia , Surbakti Lidya Primta , Warman Edi
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of KAP rotation, auditor tenure and audit quality on earnings management. This study also uses leverage, profitability and firm size as control variables. In this study to measure earnings management variables using the Modified Jones Model. the population in this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2016-2018. The number of samples processed was 366 samples. The analytical method used is panel data linear regression analysis with Stata version 13. The results of this test show that KAP rotation and audit quality has no effect on earnings management while auditor tenure has effect on earnings management.

Keywords : KAP rotation, auditor tenure, audit quality, and earnings management.
Studies in Oberonia 8 (Orchidaceae: Malaxideae). Additional 24 new synonyms, a corrected spelling, and other nomenclatural matters
Authors: Geiger D.L.
Published: November 2020

The following 24 new synonyms in the orchid genus Oberonia are proposed, correct name (synonym(s)): O. aporophylla (O. longirepens); O. bertoldii (O. gracillima, O. laeta); O. bifida (O. celebica, O. fissiglossa); O. brunoniana (O. wallichii, O. saintberchmansii); O. costeriana (O. vulcanica); O. ensiformis (O. vesiculifera); O. griffithiana (O. khuongii); O. heliophila (O. asperula, O. rivularis, O. inversiflora, O. hosokawai); O. obcordata (O. menghaiensis); O. pachyphylla (O. janae); O. pachystachya (O. trignonoglossa); O. rhizomatosa (O. repens, O. torana, O. ponapensis, O. chenii, Hippeophyllum microphyllum); O. spathipetala (O. odontopetala, O. pectinata). Oberonia anicpita is not a distinct name introduced by Náves in F.M.Blanco but an orthographic variant of O. anceps, itself a synonym of O. lycopodioides. The spelling of several species epithets in honour of Takahide Hosokawa, a man, are corrected to hosokawai: Carpesium hosokawae (Asteraceae), Glochidion hosokawae (Phyllanthaceae), Pandanus hosokawae (Pandanaceae), Psychotria hosokawae (Rubiaceae), Eria hosokawae, Microtatorchis hosokawae, Habenaria hosokawae, Moerenhoutia hosokawae (all Orchidaceae)
The The Employee’s Professionalism to Realize Public Service Satisfaction
Authors: Bila Aziza
Published: November 2020

The immigration function contained in Law Number 6 of 2016 chapter I article I point three states that immigration is one of the institutions that performs state functions in the administrative sector. To carry out its task, competent officers are needed to provide satisfaction in service as an effort torealize a good condition of social environtment in public service. In the service process during service is important. Customers always demand fast, uncomplecated and low cost of service. For thats demand fulfilled, professionalism must be build to create the social fair and safe. The aims of research to prove that customer satisfaction is not only influenced by service quality but can be influenced by other factors. It also prove that the customer satisfaction important in realize good social environtment at a good public service. Method of research used quantitative with survey approach. Data obtained using a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. Data was collected from 394 respondent and processed using version 20.0 SPSS application. This study use professionalism as independent variable, customer equity as dependent variable and responsiveness as intervening variable. Result of study finded indications that there has a direct positive influence on professionalism and responsiveness to customer satisfaction. However, responsiveness variables can be predictor variables that give indirect positive effect professionalism to customer satisfaction.
Perceptions of English Education Program Students Towards The Profesionalism of English Education Lecturers in Online Learning at IAIN Parepare
Authors: Mujahidah  , Afiah Nur , Syaiful
Published: November 2020

Perception can be interpreted as a process of giving meaning to a phenomenon, event or object. professionalism is interpreted as a professional trait. Those traits are mastering the Science in their field and have high skills in carrying out their duties. This Study aimed to describe the students' perceptions of professionalism lecturer English Education Program, State Islamic Institute of Parepare. To achieve this goal a questionnaire was distributed to 50 students (40% of the population). This Research is a descriptive quantitative study with a survey approach. The data processed using simple tabulation techniques and the data qualitatively interpreted. There are five aspects of the professionalism observed, namely: the ability to speak English, online teaching skills, insights, timeliness and using of online learning application. By the results of data analysis found that, the lecturers of English Education Program, State Islamic Institute of Parepare has a high level of professionalism.
The Real Women Inside the Garden, a Study of John Steinbeck’s Women in “The Chrysanthemums” and “The White Quail”
Authors: Damayanti Indah
Published: November 2020

This paper aims to examine the portrayal of Elisa and Mary in accordance to their role as modern society woman as it is portrayed in the story. We read closely about the story’s focus which is upon Elisa and her garden, Elisa and her husband; Mary and her garden, Mary and her husband, and lastly Elisa and Mary and their surroundings. At the end of this paper, how the two women portayed in accordance to their circumstances are described. Thus, we can say that Elisa and Mary regard garden as a privately sacred place for their truest self, their ideal life, and their dream. Elisa and Mary can reach their highest spiritual strength when they work in their garden. Seemingly garden refers to their identity. They are women as a representative of productive role regarding their gardens. However, circumstances share a reluctant response for their so-called productive existence. Finally, they fail escaping from unproductive, unacceptable, trivial role imposed on their being as a woman viewed by surrounding. Elisa fails getting approval for her existence as she sees her chrysanthemums is being discarded and tossed cruelly. Mary also fails getting approval for her idealism of her role as an artistic woman as Harry shoots the symbolic quail instead. His rebellious shoot of the white quail is to show his inmost value as a husband.
Lexical Interference of Mandailing Language on Indonesian Language at Sitamiang Baru Padangsidimpuan
Authors: Sumarsih
Published: November 2020

The study aimed to analyze how the language lexical interference of Mandailing Language on Indonesian language. The study conducted descriptive qualitative research as a research method. The subject of the study was the society at Sitamiang Baru, Padangsidimpuan. The techniques of collecting data were interview and recording. In addition, the data were analyzed based on Miles and Huberman in Sugiyono (2016: 338) who said that the steps of analyzing data are; 1) data reduction; 2) data display; 3) conclusion drawing/verification. The result of the study showed that Interference at group vocabulary level, i.e. lexical interference in the form of words basis and lexical interference in the form of repeat words. It means that the society tried to speak by using Indonesian language however, there are some interferences which make the language is interfered by Mandailing language.
The Drivers of Organizational Commitment in Malaysian SME’s: Do Intellectual Stimulation, Inspirational Motivation and Individualize Consideration Play a Role?
Authors: Manshor Ruzita , Mohd Salleh Ahmad Munir , Shaladdin Muda Mohd , Abdul Razak Fahmi Zaidi , Abu Bakar Kamaazura
Published: November 2020

Abstract

 

Leadership are important issue to be address for an organizational to success. Many studies shows that good leadership can increase employees’ commitment to the organization. This study examines the linkages between intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation and individualize consideration on organizational commitment. Using an established questionnaire captured from the leadership literature, data was collected from 452 employees of SME firms in Malaysia. Data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that both intellectual stimulation and individualize consideration were significant and positively related to organizational commitment (β = 0.28, p < 0.01) and (β = 0.35, p < 0.01) respectively. In sum, the research model was able to explain a total of 48% variance.
Religion, Moral and Modernisation of Urban Society: A Study on the Roles of Religion in Youth Development in Lampung, Republic of Indonesia
Authors: Suhandi  , Jaafar Azhar
Published: November 2020

Modernisation is the consequence of the demands of the development that brings negative impacts to the society. It is undeniable that modernization also brings abundance of positive impacts that ease the life of people and that modernization and humanization cannot be separated. In this context, the youth are considered as unstable being, who easily being controlled by multi-access communication technology; from social, fashion, behaviour, lifestyle, and ideology. Almost all of the damaging sides of technology affect the youth. Religion as the spiritual agent has a major role in combating this change in the society. Religion can act as the social control to hinder from immoral behaviour and worthless actions among the society. The main issue in the current study is to investigate the role of religion in strengthening the moral among the teenagers. This research was conducted by using qualitative method. Data were collected through observation, interview and documentation. The participants of this research were the people of the rural areas in Bandar Lampung. After data collection was carried out, the data were processed qualitatively using the data reduction process, data exposure, and data verification. To conclude, the existence of the negative effects of modernization resulted from lack of religious virtues and parents’ control over their children’s social behaviour.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SEMI-DIRECT COPRA DRYER FOR FLAT TERRAIN
Authors: Lesidan Mencius
Published: November 2020

The study was conducted to design and develop a semi-direct dryer for flat terrain. This dryer was designed to provide farmers an alternative to traditional and existing dryers particularly the semi-direct and indirect dryers. The components of the dryer were drying bed, plenum chamber, tunnel and firing chamber. It has a capacity of 2,000 nuts and the husks from the nuts were used as fuel for the dryer. The means of the average drying temperature on the front, middle and rear portions of the drying platform were 56.5 oC, 58.2 oC, and 58.4 oC, respectively. The average time of drying in bringing down the moisture content of the copra from 50% to 12% wet basis was 24 hours using only 66.30% of the husks. As of January 2017, the total cost of the dryer with shed was P 61,100.00 and the computed break-even cost was P 1.82/kg. The performance of the dryer is comparable to the existing dryers.
Gauss Coordinates vs Currents for the Yangian Doubles of the Classical Types
Authors:   Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Russia, Liashyk Andrii , Pakuliak Stanislav Z. ,   Steklov Mathematical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
Published: November 2020

We consider relations between Gauss coordinates of T-operators for the Yangian doubles of the classical types corresponding to the algebras g of A, B, C and D series and the current generators of these algebras. These relations are important for the applications in the quantum integrable models related to g-invariant R-matrices and construction of the Bethe vectors in these models.
WHITE MULBERRY (MORUS ALBA L.) FRUIT-ASSOCIATED BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL MICROBIOTA
Authors: Lukša Juliana , Servienė Elena
Published: November 2020

Morus alba L. has been worldwide cultivated and commercially exploited plant with profound potential in environmental management, food and medicinal industries. Plant-associated microbial communities are playing an essential role in sustainable plant development. In the present study, the bacterial and fungal microorganism populations distributed on the white mulberry fruits harvested in the Czech Republic for the first time were characterized by metagenomics approach. A total of 62 bacterial and 37 fungal families were identified on white mulberry. Bacterial population was represented by the genera Tatumella, Leuconostoc, Frateuria and Pseudomonas, while fungal microorganisms – by Hanseniaspora, Cryptococcus, Cladosporium and Phoma. Both potentially beneficial, inducing resistance in the hosting plant, and pathogenic, responsible for disease development, microorganisms were detected. The information on the prevalence of bacterial and fungal microorganisms on the carposphere of M. alba is highly relevant for the development of strategies for environment-friendly plant cultivation, disease management and prevention.
Tidal Disruptions of Main-sequence Stars. IV. Relativistic Effects and Dependence on Black Hole Mass
Authors: Ryu Taeho , Krolik Julian , Piran Tsvi , Noble Scott C.
Published: November 2020

Using a suite of fully relativistic hydrodynamic simulations applied to main-sequence stars with realistic internal density profiles, we examine full and partial tidal disruptions across a wide range of black hole mass (

) and stellar mass (

) as larger M
BH leads to stronger relativistic effects. For fixed M
⋆, as M
BH increases, the ratio of the maximum pericenter distance yielding full disruptions (

) to its Newtonian prediction rises rapidly, becoming triple the Newtonian value for

, while the ratio of the energy width of the stellar debris for full disruptions to the Newtonian prediction decreases steeply, resulting in a factor of 2 correction at

. We provide approximate formulae that express the relativistic corrections of both

and the energy width relative to their Newtonian approximate estimates. For partial disruptions, we find that the fractional remnant mass for a given ratio of the pericenter to

is higher for larger M
BH. These results have several implications. As M
BH increases above

, the cross section for complete disruptions is suppressed by competition with direct capture. However, the cross-section ratio for partial to complete disruptions depends only weakly on M
BH. The relativistic correction to the debris energy width delays the time of peak mass-return rate and diminishes the magnitude of the peak return rate. For

, the M
BH-dependence of the full disruption cross section and the peak mass-return rate and time is influenced more by relativistic effects than by Newtonian dynamics.
The Host Galaxy of OJ 287 Revealed by Optical and Near-infrared Imaging
Authors: Nilsson K. , Kotilainen J. , Valtonen M. , Gomez J. L. , Castro-Tirado A. J. , Drozdz M. , Gopakumar A. , Jeong S. , Kidger M. , Komossa S. , Mathur S. , Park I. H. , Reichart D. E. , Zola S.
Published: November 2020

The BL Lacertae object OJ 287 (z = 0.306) has unique double-peaked optical outbursts every ∼12 yr, and it presents one of the best cases for a small-separation binary supermassive black hole (SMBH) system, with an extremely massive primary

. However, the host galaxy is unresolved or only marginally detected in all optical studies so far, indicating a large deviation from the bulge mass—SMBH mass relation. We have obtained deep, high spatial resolution i-band and K-band images of OJ 287 when the target was in a low state, which enable us to detect the host galaxy. We find the broadband photometry of the host to be consistent with an early-type galaxy with M
R = −22.5 and M
K = −25.2, placing it in the middle of the host galaxy luminosity distribution of BL Lacertae objects. The central supermassive black hole is clearly overmassive for a host galaxy of that luminosity, but not unprecedented, given some recent findings of other “overmassive” black holes in nearby galaxies.
Electromagnetic Emission Produced by Three-wave Interactions in a Plasma with Continuously Injected Counterstreaming Electron Beams
Authors: Annenkov V. V. , Volchok E. P. , Timofeev I. V.
Published: November 2020

Three-wave interactions between Langmuir and electromagnetic waves in plasma with unstable electron flows are believed to be the main cause of type II and III solar radio emissions. The narrow band of type II bursts requires assuming that this radiation is generated in some local regions of shock fronts traveling in the solar corona, where the specific conditions for the enhancement of electromagnetic emissions near the plasma frequency harmonics are created. The reason for such enhancement at the second harmonic may be the formation of counterstreaming electron beams. There are different opinions in the literature on whether the second harmonic electromagnetic emission in the presence of an additional beam can be efficient enough to markedly dominate emissions produced by a single beam. In the present paper, we carry out particle-in-cell simulations of the collision of two symmetric electron beams in plasma with open boundary conditions and show that the efficiency of beam-to-radiation power conversion can be significantly increased compared to models with periodic boundary conditions and reach the level of a few percent if three-wave interactions with electromagnetic waves near the second harmonic of the plasma frequency becomes available for the most unstable, oblique, beam-driven modes.
Free-form Lens Model and Mass Estimation of the High-redshift Galaxy Cluster ACT-CL J0102-4915, “El Gordo”
Authors: Diego Jose M. , Molnar S. M. , Cerny C. , Broadhurst T. , Windhorst R. , Zitrin A. , Bouwens R. , Coe D. , Conselice C. , Sharon K.
Published: November 2020

We examine the massive colliding cluster El Gordo, one of the most massive clusters at high redshift. We use a free-form lensing reconstruction method that avoids making assumptions about the mass distribution. We use data from the RELICS program and identify new multiply lensed system candidates. The new set of constraints and free-form method provide a new independent mass estimate of this intriguing colliding cluster. Our results are found to be consistent with earlier parametric models, indirectly confirming the assumptions made in earlier work. By fitting a double gNFW profile to the lens model and extrapolating to the virial radius, we infer a total mass for the cluster of

M

. We estimate the uncertainty in the mass due to errors in the photometric redshifts and discuss the uncertainty in the inferred virial mass due to the extrapolation from the lens model. We also find in our lens map a mass overdensity corresponding to the large cometary tail of hot gas, reinforcing its interpretation as a large tidal feature predicted by hydrodynamical simulations that mimic El Gordo. Finally, we discuss the observed relation between the plasma and the mass map, finding that the peak in the projected mass map may be associated with a large concentration of colder gas exhibiting possible star formation. El Gordo is one of the first clusters that will be observed with JWST, which is expected to unveil new high-redshift lensed galaxies around this interesting cluster and provide a more accurate estimation of its mass.
Observations of the Onset of Complex Organic Molecule Formation in Interstellar Ices
Authors: Chu Laurie E. U. , Hodapp Klaus , Boogert Adwin
Published: November 2020

Isolated dense molecular cores are investigated to study the onset of complex organic molecule formation in interstellar ice. Sampling three cores with ongoing formation of low-mass stars (B59, B335, and L483) and one starless core (L694-2), we sample lines of sight to nine background stars and five young stellar objects (YSOs; A

K
  ∼ 0.5–4.7). Spectra of these stars from 2 to 5 μm with NASA’s Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) simultaneously display signatures from the cores of H2O (3.0 μm), CH3OH (C–H stretching mode, 3.53 μm), and CO (4.67 μm) ices. The CO ice is traced by nine stars, in which five show a long-wavelength wing due to a mixture of CO with polar ice (CO
r
), presumably CH3OH. Two of these sightlines also show independent detections of CH3OH. For these we find the ratio of the CH3OH:CO
r
is 0.55 ± 0.06 and 0.73 ± 0.07 from L483 and L694-2, respectively. The detections of both CO and CH3OH for the first time through lines of sight toward background stars observationally constrains the conversion of CO into CH3OH ice. Along the lines of sight, most of the CO exists in the gas phase and ≤15% of the CO is frozen out. However, CH3OH ice is abundant with respect to CO (∼50%) and exists mainly as a CH3OH-rich CO ice layer. Only a small fraction of the lines of sight contains CH3OH ice, presumably those with the highest density. The high conversion of CO to CH3OH can explain the abundances of CH3OH ice found in later stage Class 1 low-mass YSO envelopes (CH3OH:CO
r
 ∼  0.5–0.6). For high-mass YSOs and one Class 0 YSO, this ratio varies significantly, implying local variations can affect ice formation. The large CH3OH ice abundance indicates that the formation of complex organic molecules is likely during the prestellar phase in cold environments without higher energy particle interactions (e.g., cosmic rays).
The TeV Gamma-Ray Luminosity of the Milky Way and the Contribution of H.E.S.S. Unresolved Sources to Very High Energy Diffuse Emission
Authors: Cataldo M. , Pagliaroli G. , Vecchiotti V. , Villante F. L.
Published: November 2020

H.E.S.S. has recently completed the first systematic survey of the Galactic plane in the TeV energy domain. We analyze the flux, latitude, and longitude distributions of γ-ray sources observed by H.E.S.S. in order to infer the properties of the Galactic TeV source population. We show that the total Milky Way luminosity in the 1–100 TeV energy range is

. Evaluating the cumulative flux expected at Earth by the considered population, we show that H.E.S.S. unresolved sources provide a relevant contribution to the diffuse Galactic emission. Finally, in the hypothesis that the majority of bright sources detected by H.E.S.S. are powered by pulsar activity, like, e.g., pulsar wind nebulae or TeV halos, we estimate the main properties of the pulsar population.