bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edge spin wave transmission through a vertex domain wall in triangular dots
Authors: Caso Diego , Aliev Farkhad G.
Published: May 2022

Spin waves (SWs), being usually reflected by domain walls (DWs), could also be channeled along them. Edge SWs yield the interesting, and potentially applicable to real devices property of broadband spin wave confinement to the edges of the structure. Here, we investigate through numerical simulations the propagation of quasi one-dimensional spin waves in triangle-shaped amorphous YIG (Y3Fe5O12) micron sized ferromagnets as a function of the angle aperture. The edge spin waves (ESWs) have been propagated over the corner in triangles of 2 microns side with a fixed thickness of 85 nm. Parameters such as superior vertex angle (in the range of 40$$^\circ $$

∘

–75$$^\circ $$

∘

) and applied magnetic field have been optimized in order to obtain a higher transmission coefficient of the ESWs over the triangle vertex. We observed that for a certain aperture angle for which dominated ESW frequency coincides with one of the localized DW modes, the transmission is maximized near one and the phase shift drops to $$\pi /2$$

π
/
2

indicating resonant transmission of ESWs through the upper corner. We compare the obtained results with existing theoretical models. These results could contribute to the development of novel basic elements for spin wave computing.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Infection Among Pregnant Women in Oman
Authors: Al-Ismaili Omaima Mohamed , Al-Jardani Amina , Al-Hinai Fatma , Al-Shukri Intisar , Mathew Mersum , Al-Abri Seif , Al-Kindi Hanan
Published: May 2022

Objective

The primary objective of our study was to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B infection among pregnant women in Oman. The secondary objectives were to test for other hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological markers and to determine hepatitis B viral load.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study conducted from June 2019 to December 2020, we randomly selected 2210 Omani women who attended antenatal clinics across the country. Pregnant women were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) using a commercial enzyme immunoassay; those who tested positive were further analyzed for other HBV serological markers: HBV core total antibody (anti-HBc), HBV core antibody IgM (immunoglobulin M) (anti-HBc IgM), hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B virus e antibody (anti-HBe). They were also tested for hepatitis B viral load.

Results

This study included 2210 women with a mean age of 39 years. Ninety-five percent of the women who were invited to participate consented and were included in the study. Thirty-three (1.49%) tested positive for HBsAg. All participants tested negative for HBeAg and anti-HBc IgM and positive for anti-HBc and anti-HBe, and 30 (90.9%) women had their hepatitis B viral load measured. Three (10.0%) had undetectable viral loads, 23 (76.7%) had low viral loads of < 2000 (IU/ml), 2 had moderate viral loads between 2000 and 200,000 (IU/ml) and one had a high viral load of 486,000 (IU/ml).

Conclusion

Our study shows that the HBV prevalence in pregnant women is 1.49%, which is lower than what was reported earlier. Nevertheless, antenatal screening is still warranted, as there are vital interventions for the newborn and the mother.
The Disease Burden of Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Hunan Province, China in 2018
Authors: Han Linzhi , Tang Tao , Lin Ying , Shi Jingcheng , Zhong Hua , Chen Mengshi , Deng Jing , Zhang Wei
Published: May 2022

Background

Hunan Province is a region in China with a high prevalence of intracerebral hemorrhage, especially primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH). The objective of this observational study was to assess the disease burden of PICH.

Methods

We searched the Hunan Provincial Health Statistics Direct Reporting and Decision Analysis System to retrieve PICH inpatient and outpatient data and all-population all-cause deaths in Hunan Province in 2018. DisMod II was used to estimate the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to PICH in 2018.

Results

In 2018, 30,400 new PICH cases were recorded in Hunan Province. The incidence was higher among men (51.6 per 100,000) than women (29.3 per 100,000). The DALYs due to PICH were 478,000 patient-years, the years of life lost (YLLs) were 452,000 patient-years and the years lived with disability (YLDs) were 27,000 patient-years. In 2018, the rate of DALYs due to PICH was 6.4 patient-years per 1000 individuals, the rate of YLLs was 6.1 patient-years per 1000 individuals, and the rate of YLDs was 0.3 patient-years per 1000 individuals.

Conclusion

We estimated the DALYs due to PICH in Hunan Province in 2018, thereby providing relevant data for the development of policies and measures for the management of PICH disease burden.
Extended GOSIM: MPS‐Driven Simulation of 3D Geological Structure Using 2D Cross‐Sections
Authors: Hou Weisheng , Liu Hengguang , Zheng Tiancheng , Chang Hui , Xiao Fan
Published: May 2022

In the past two decades, algorithms for multiple‐point statistics (MPS) have been applied in many fields. However, 3D training datum or data (TD) is difficult to be obtained. Two‐dimensional geological cross‐sections from boreholes or geophysical data with high reliability are usually used to explain geological phenomena and are relatively easier to be acquired. In this study, a step‐wise algorithm that combines sequential process and global optimization is presented. Constructing 3D TD set and corresponding pattern databases that extended from 2D cross‐sections at each scale is one of the key steps after presetting the simulation parameters. The following step is constructing an initial model at the coarsest scale with the pattern databases. The iterative Expectation Maximum‐like (EM‐like) optimization process is implemented to obtain the final realization. Each iteration is conducted with a multiscale strategy. Simulation examples of the regional geological structures show that the stratigraphic sequence can be reasonably kept and reproduced. Also, the randomness and effectiveness of the microstructure model are verified by calculating the proportion of grains, fractal dimension and the curve of two‐point connectivity probability function.
Asymmetric Development of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Observed at Geomagnetically Conjugate Points Over the Brazilian Sector
Authors: Barros D. , Takahashi H. , Wrasse C. M. , Carrasco A. J. , Figueiredo C. A. O. B. , Inoue Junior M. H.
Published: May 2022

Ground‐based global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers have been used to monitor the meridional (north‐south) development of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) at geomagnetically conjugate points over the Brazilian sector. EPBs were studied using detrended total electron content plots obtained from Boa Vista (MLat: 9.6°N), Itacoatiara (MLat: 3.3°N), Colíder (MLat: 5.0°S), and Cuiabá (MLat: 8.8°S) GNSS receivers. All GNSS receivers are located approximately under the same magnetic meridian. 655 nights with EPBs occurrence were analyzed using data from January 2012 to February 2016. In 459 nights (∼70%) the EPBs presented a symmetric development with respect to the geomagnetic equator. However, in 196 nights (∼30%) the EPBs presented an apparent asymmetry. The asymmetries are characterized as a displacement of the EPBs to north (or south) of the geomagnetic equator. The highest north (south) asymmetry occurrence was observed during December to January (March to April and September to October), and lowest during March to April and August to September (December to January). To investigate these asymmetries, we analyzed meridional wind data and used a numerical model to simulate the EPBs evolution. Both meridional wind data and numerical simulation results suggested that a trans‐equatorial meridional wind blowing to north (south) would be able to cause a displacement of the EPBs to north (south) of the geomagnetic equator.
Tracking Wildfires With Weather Radars
Authors: Lareau Neil P. , Donohoe Amanda , Roberts Matthew , Ebrahimian Hamed
Published: May 2022

There is a need for nowcasting tools to provide timely and accurate updates on the location and rate of spread (ROS) of large wildfires, especially those impacting communities in the wildland urban interface. In this study, we demonstrate how fixed‐site weather radars can be used to fill this gap. Specifically, we develop and test a radar‐based fire‐perimeter tracking tool that leverages the tendency for local maxima in the radar reflectivity to be collocated with active fire perimeters. Reflectivity maxima are located using search radials from points inside a fire polygon, and perimeters are updated at intervals of ∼10 min. The algorithm is tested using publicly available Next Generation Weather Radar radar data for two large and destructive wildfires, the Camp and Bear Fires, both occurring in northern California, USA. The radar‐based fire perimeters are compared with available, albeit limited, satellite and airborne infrared observations, showing good agreement with conventional fire‐tracking tools. The radar data also provide insights into fire ROS, revealing the importance of long‐range spotting in generating ROS that exceeds conventional estimates. One limitation of this study is that high‐resolution fire perimeter validation data are sparsely available, precluding detailed error quantification for the radar estimates drawn from samples spanning a range of environmental conditions and radar configurations. Nevertheless, the radar tracking approach provides the basis for improved situational awareness during high‐impact fires.
Geomorphic Controls on Floodplain Connectivity, Ecosystem Services, and Sensitivity to Climate Change: An Example From the Lower Missouri River
Authors: Jacobson Robert B. , Bouska Kristen L. , Bulliner Edward A. , Lindner Garth A. , Paukert Craig P.
Published: May 2022

Floodplains of large rivers are exploited for agricultural production, industrial and municipal development, and transportation infrastructure. Recently, increased frequency of costly floods has prompted consideration of whether offsetting benefits might accrue from management of floodplains for ecosystem services. We employed a simple inundation model for 800 km of the Lower Missouri River, USA, to evaluate spatial and temporal distributions of ecological floodplain inundation metrics and how those distributions might vary with levee removal and climatic change. The model evaluates inundation at 30 × 30 m resolution on a daily basis over 82 years of record. We quantified provisioning of waterfowl habitat and potential denitrification. Spatial variability is affected by ongoing geomorphic adjustments that affect floodplain connectivity. Statistical models indicate that available floodplain area and recent aggradation are predictive of most inundation metrics. Connectivity is sensitive to climate‐change scenarios that predict increased floodplain inundation during spring waterfowl migrations; the greatest sensitivity to future climate exists where channel‐floodplain geomorphology presently enhances floodplain connectivity. Evaluation of floodplain denitrification indicates that on average, the nonleveed part of the floodplain could denitrify 0.05%–1.7% of the mean annual nitrogen load of the river. Levee removal could increase this rate to only 3.6% of the nitrogen load. The capacity of floodplain connectivity to influence certain ecosystem services is highly variable in space along the Lower Missouri River and may be appreciably influenced by climate change. Hence, decisions to optimize management of large‐river floodplains are likely to be highly location dependent.
Institutions and the Economic Efficiency of Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Mitigation Strategy Against Drought Impacts on Irrigated Agriculture in California
Authors: Reznik A. , Dinar A. , Bresney S. , Forni L. , Joyce B. , Wallander S. , Bigelow D. , Kan I.
Published: May 2022

Managed aquifer recharge (or intentional recharge) is a purposeful human intervention designed to supplement natural enrichment processes of groundwater aquifers by various methods. It holds the potential to mitigate the impact of climate uncertainty on irrigated agriculture by restoring storage levels in depleted aquifers, the economic value of which increases during droughts. We use a high‐resolution dynamic regional hydroeconomic framework that endogenizes farming decisions in response to water quantity‐quality changes, as well as complex hydrogeological principles to analyze several institutional designs and climate scenarios applied to the Kings Groundwater Basin in California. Our analysis demonstrates that intentional recharge is of high benefit to the region, potentially increasing average groundwater levels in the region by 20% over a 20 year horizon. Additionally, we show how this practice could become the subject of second‐best arrangements among water users in the region in view of property rights to groundwater derived from recent legislation in California, thus increasing its materialization potential. However, we also find that the quantity recharged is sensitive to climate conditions and hydrological properties.
Development of a Joint Probabilistic Rainfall‐Runoff Model for High‐to‐Extreme Flow Projections Under Changing Climatic Conditions
Authors: Li Kailong , Huang Guohe , Wang Shuo , Razavi Saman , Zhang Xiaoyue
Published: May 2022

Machine learning (ML) models have been widely used for hydrological simulation. Previous studies have reported that conventional ML models fail to accurately simulate extreme flows which are crucial for design flood estimation and associated risk analysis in the context of climate change. Therefore, this study proposes a joint probabilistic rainfall‐runoff model (JPRR) for improving high‐to‐extreme flow projection. With the aid of paired copula constructions, bootstrap aggregation, and multi‐model ensemble approaches, the proposed model is able to effectively characterize the dependence relationships of predictors (i.e., precipitation time series with different moving sums) with various probability distributions. JPRR has been applied to four pristine basins in China, representing different climate zones and landscapes. The results reveal that JPRR significantly outperforms three well‐known ML models (i.e., random forest, artificial neural networks, and long short‐term memory) in high‐to‐extreme flow simulations. In JPRR, the copulas exhibiting the right tail dependence play a more important role in streamflow simulations at mountainous basins. Moreover, a significant difference in streamflow projections (from 2030 to 2099) derived from JPRR and benchmark models imply that flood risks from conventional ML models may be underestimated under changing climatic conditions.
Power Line Harmonic Radiation Observed by the Van Allen Probes Spacecraft
Authors: Němec F. , Santolík O. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Kurth W. S. , Kletzing C.
Published: May 2022

We present a systematic analysis of Power Line Harmonic Radiation (PLHR) electromagnetic wave events observed by the Van Allen Probes spacecraft over the entire duration of the mission (2012–2019). PLHR events are radiated by electric power systems on the ground at harmonics of the base power system frequency (50 or 60 Hz, depending on the region). We analyze wave intensities at frequencies corresponding to the first few harmonics and we demonstrate that they are significantly enhanced at the times when the field‐aligned magnetic footprint of the spacecraft is above industrialized areas. Considering the spacecraft locations close to the equatorial plane, this represents experimental evidence that PLHR emissions may propagate up to radial distances as large as about 4 Earth radii. Average frequency spectra above selected industrialized regions reveal increased wave intensities at the frequencies corresponding to the first and the third harmonics, in particular during the nighttime. Multicomponent wave measurements allow us to perform a detailed wave analysis of polarization and propagation properties of the events. The waves are typically right‐handed elliptically or nearly circularly polarized, propagating with oblique wave normal angles from low latitude sources and more field‐aligned wave vectors from high latitude sources. The sign of the parallel component of the Poynting flux confirms that the events indeed propagate from the anticipated ground regions. Few events observed above the United States region propagate in the opposite direction, which is interpreted as wave bouncing between the hemispheres.
Strong Habitat Compression by Extreme Shoaling Events of Hypoxic Waters in the Eastern Pacific
Authors: Köhn Eike E. , Münnich Matthias , Vogt Meike , Desmet Flora , Gruber Nicolas
Published: May 2022

Ocean deoxygenation has led to a measurable shoaling of subsurface hypoxic waters ([O2] < 60 mmol m−3) in the tropical Pacific and elsewhere. This shoaling compresses the vertical habitat of heterotrophic organisms between the well oxygenated surface and the hypoxic interface. Superimposed on this long‐term trend, natural variability can cause shorter‐term, extreme habitat compression events, which we term Transient Habitat Reduction Extreme Events (THREEs). Here, we investigate THREEs in the Eastern Pacific (EP) between 1979 and 2016 using output from a high‐resolution hindcast simulation with the coupled physical‐biogeochemical ocean model ROMS‐BEC. We identify THREEs on the basis of the hypoxic interface being shallower than the 99th percentile of its variability and requiring a minimum duration of five days. We find that THREEs compress the aerobic habitat by up to 50%–70% (locally exceeding 80%) in the subtropical and tropical EP and reach horizontal scales exceeding 300 km in the tropical EP. There, THREEs are pre‐conditioned by La Niña conditions and occur primarily in boreal winter and spring. In the subtropical EP, THREEs are associated with mesoscale eddies and occur independently of the season. 71% (32%) of all THREEs are characterized by unusually high acidity (cold) conditions (i.e., below the first percentile), thus constituting compound events. The strong habitat compression during THREEs is bound to lead to substantial changes in water column biogeochemistry, in food‐web interactions, and in ecosystem structure. Yet, so far, very little is known about the impact of these transient phenomena.
Automated Approaches for Capturing Localized Tsunami Response—Application to the French Coastlines
Authors: Giles Daniel , Gailler Audrey , Dias Frédéric
Published: May 2022

Local bathymetry and onshore features can have a substantial effect on the spatial variability of the hazard from an incoming tsunami. In a warning context, being able to provide localized tsunami forecasts at strategic locations would therefore help mitigate the damage. Despite the recent advancements in computing powers and the development of highly efficient tsunami codes, capturing this local variability can oftentimes be infeasible in a warning setting. Traditional high‐resolution simulations which can capture these localized effects are often too costly to run “on‐the‐fly.” Alternative approaches that capture the localized response to an incoming tsunami, which are based upon using the maximum wave heights from a computationally cheap regional forecast, are developed here. These alternative approaches are envisaged to aid in a warning center's ability at providing extremely rapid localized forecasts. The approaches focus upon two different methods: transfer functions and machine learning techniques. The transfer function is based upon a recent extension to the established Green's Law. The extended version introduces local amplification parameters, with the aim of capturing the neglected localized effects. An automated approach which optimizes for these local amplification parameters is outlined and the performance of the transfer function is explored. A machine learning model is also trained and used to predict the localized tsunami hazard. Its performance is compared to the extended Green's Law approach for a site along the French coast. These developed methods showcase promising techniques that a tsunami warning center could use to provide high‐resolution warnings.
Bosutinib versus imatinib for newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia: final results from the BFORE trial
Authors: Brümmendorf Tim H. , Cortes Jorge E. , Milojkovic Dragana , Gambacorti-Passerini Carlo , Clark Richard E. , le Coutre Philipp , Garcia-Gutierrez Valentin , Chuah Charles , Kota Vamsi , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Rousselot Philippe , Mauro Michael J. , Hochhaus Andreas , Hurtado Monroy Rafael , Leip Eric , Purcell Simon , Yver Anne , Viqueira Andrea , Deininger Michael W. ,   BFORE study investigators
Published: May 2022

This analysis from the multicenter, open-label, phase 3 BFORE trial reports efficacy and safety of bosutinib in patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase (CP) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) after five years’ follow-up. Patients were randomized to 400-mg once-daily bosutinib (n = 268) or imatinib (n = 268; three untreated). At study completion, 59.7% of bosutinib- and 58.1% of imatinib-treated patients remained on study treatment. Median duration of treatment and time on study was 55 months in both groups. Cumulative major molecular response (MMR) rate by 5 years was higher with bosutinib versus imatinib (73.9% vs. 64.6%; odds ratio, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.08–2.28]), as were cumulative MR4(58.2% vs. 48.1%; 1.50 [1.07–2.12]) and MR4.5(47.4% vs. 36.6%; 1.57 [1.11–2.22]) rates. Superior MR with bosutinib versus imatinib was consistent across Sokal risk groups, with greatest benefit seen in patients with high risk. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were consistent with 12-month data. After 5 years of follow-up there was an increase in the incidence of cardiac, effusion, renal, and vascular TEAEs in bosutinib- and imatinib-treated patients, but overall, no new safety signals were identified. These final results support 400-mg once-daily bosutinib as standard-of-care in patients with newly diagnosed CP CML.

This trial was registered atwww.clinicaltrials.govas #NCT02130557.
Clonal evolution after treatment pressure in multiple myeloma: heterogenous genomic aberrations and transcriptomic convergence
Authors: Misund Kristine , Hofste op Bruinink Davine , Coward Eivind , Hoogenboezem Remco M. , Rustad Even Holth , Sanders Mathijs A. , Rye Morten , Sponaas Anne-Marit , van der Holt Bronno , Zweegman Sonja , Hovig Eivind , Meza-Zepeda Leonardo A. , Sundan Anders , Myklebost Ola , Sonneveld Pieter , Waage Anders
Published: May 2022

We investigated genomic and transcriptomic changes in paired tumor samples of 29 in-house multiple myeloma (MM) patients and 28 patients from the MMRF CoMMpass study before and after treatment. A change in clonal composition was found in 46/57 (82%) of patients, and single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) increased from median 67 to 86. The highest increase in prevalence of genetic aberrations was found in RAS genes (60% to 72%), amp1q21 (18% to 35%), and TP53 (9% to 18%). The SBS-MM1 mutation signature was detected both in patients receiving high and low dose melphalan. A total of 2589 genes were differentially expressed between early and late samples (FDR < 0.05). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed increased expression of E2F, MYC, and glycolysis pathways and a decreased expression in TNF-NFkB and TGFbeta pathways in late compared to early stage. Single sample GSEA (ssGSEA) scores of differentially expressed pathways revealed that these changes were most evident in end-stage disease. Increased expression of several potentially targetable genes was found at late disease stages, including cancer-testis antigens, XPO1 and ABC transporters. Our study demonstrates a transcriptomic convergence of pathways supporting increased proliferation and metabolism during disease progression in MM.
PARP inhibitor olaparib enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy on XRCC2-deficient colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Qin Changjiang , Ji Zhiyu , Zhai Ertao , Xu Kaiwu , Zhang Yijie , Li Quanying , Jing Hong , Wang Xiaoliang , Song Xinming
Published: May 2022

The use of PARP inhibitors in combination with radiotherapy is a promising strategy to locally enhance DNA damage in tumors. Loss of XRCC2 compromises DNA damage repairs, and induced DNA damage burdens may increase the reliance on PARP-dependent DNA repairs of cancer cells to render cell susceptibility to PARP inhibitor therapy. Here we tested the hypothesis that XRCC2 loss sensitizes colorectal cancer (CRC) to PARP inhibitor in combination with radiotherapy (RT). We show that high levels of XRCC2 or PARP1 in LARC patients were significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS). Co-expression analyses found that low levels of PARP1 and XRCC2 were associated with better OS. Our in vitro experiments indicated that olaparib+IR led to reduced clonogenic survival, more DNA damage, and longer durations of cell cycle arrest and senescence in XRCC2-deficient cells relative to wild-type cells. Furthermore, our mouse xenograft experiments indicated that RT + olaparib had greater anti-tumor effects and led to long-term remission in mice withXRCC2-deficient tumors. These findings suggest that XRCC2-deficient CRC acquires high sensitivity to PARP inhibition after IR treatment and supports the clinical development for the use of olaparib as a radiosensitizer for treatment of XRCC2-deficient CRC.
Chemistry beyond the Hartree–Fock energy via quantum computed moments
Authors: Jones Michael A. , Vallury Harish J. , Hill Charles D. , Hollenberg Lloyd C. L.
Published: May 2022

Quantum computers hold promise to circumvent the limitations of conventional computing for difficult molecular problems. However, the accumulation of quantum logic errors on real devices represents a major challenge, particularly in the pursuit of chemical accuracy requiring the inclusion of electronic correlation effects. In this work we implement the quantum computed moments (QCM) approach for hydrogen chain molecular systems up to H$$_6$$6. On a superconducting quantum processor, Hamiltonian moments,$$\langle H^p\rangle$$⟨Hp⟩are computed with respect to the Hartree–Fock state, which are then employed in Lanczos expansion theory to determine an estimate for the ground-state energy which incorporates electronic correlations and manifestly improves on the direct energy measurement. Post-processing purification of the raw QCM data takes the estimate below the Hartree–Fock energy to within 99.9% of the exact electronic ground-state energy for the largest system studied, H$$_6$$6. Calculated dissociation curves indicate precision at about 10mH for this system and as low as 0.1mH for molecular hydrogen, H$$_2$$2, over a range of bond lengths. In the context of stringent precision requirements for chemical problems, these results provide strong evidence for the error suppression capability of the QCM method, particularly when coupled with post-processing error mitigation. While calculations based on the Hartree–Fock state are tractable to classical computation, these results represent a first step towards implementing the QCM method in a quantum chemical trial circuit. Greater emphasis on more efficient representations of the Hamiltonian and classical preprocessing steps may enable the solution of larger systems on near-term quantum processors.
High sensitivity refractive index sensing using zone plate metasurfaces with a conical phase profile
Authors: Abdel-Galil Manar , Swillam Mohamed , Ismail Yehea , Khalil Diaa
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we showed how a bulky Axicon lens can be transformed to a compact binary zone plate with conical phase profile. We built three zone plates made of three different materials and designed each zone plate to be used in high sensitivity refractive index sensing. This work is complementary to another work we have done before in which we showed mathematically how maximum sensitivity can be achieved in case of using an Axicon lens in sensing. The zone plates are designed to generate a Bessel–Gauss beam at the wavelength of 3.3 microns at which the absorption of methane gas is maximum leading to a maximum change in the refractive index. The generated intensity in the output is very sensitive to any slight change in the refractive index of the surrounding medium. Therefore, if an optical detector is positioned at the point of maximum change in the intensity with refractive index, we can easily measure the change in refractive index and hence the percentage of the gas with very high sensitivity.
Fishing capacity evaluation of fishing vessel based on cloud model
Authors: Lyu Chao , Zhang He-xu , Liu Shuang , Guo Yi
Published: May 2022

In the evaluation problem of fishing vessel fishing capacity, the imperfect evaluation index system and the methods of evaluation indexes are mostly artificial qualitative evaluation methods, which lead to strong subjectivity and fuzziness as well as low accuracy of evaluation results. Therefore, this study introduces cloud model theory on the basis of improving the evaluation index system, converts the artificial qualitative evaluation results into the digital characteristics of clouds, realizes the mutual transformation of qualitative evaluation and quantitative evaluation, and improves the accuracy of evaluation results. Taking the trawler as an example, the cloud model method is used to evaluate the fishing capacity, and the result obtained is (77.1408, 1.6897, 0.0), the result obtained by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is 76.664785, and the result obtained by the cloud center of gravity evaluation method is 0.7919. Compared with the other two methods, the cloud model method uses three numerical characteristics to describe the results, and combining the different numerical characteristics meanings, the evaluation results can be judged to be accurate, and the influence of ambiguity on the results is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the evaluation results can be presented in the form of pictures, and the results are more intuitive; in addition, the cloud model of the evaluation results is compared with the standard cloud model for similarity, which improves the credibility and authenticity of the results.
Data mining analyses for precision medicine in acromegaly: a proof of concept
Authors: Gil Joan , Marques-Pamies Montserrat , Sampedro Miguel , Webb Susan M. , Serra Guillermo , Salinas Isabel , Blanco Alberto , Valassi Elena , Carrato Cristina , Picó Antonio , García-Martínez Araceli , Martel-Duguech Luciana , Sardon Teresa , Simó-Servat Andreu , Biagetti Betina , Villabona Carles , Cámara Rosa , Fajardo-Montañana Carmen , Álvarez-Escolá Cristina , Lamas Cristina , Alvarez Clara V. , Bernabéu Ignacio , Marazuela Mónica , Jordà Mireia , Puig-Domingo Manel
Published: May 2022

Predicting which acromegaly patients could benefit from somatostatin receptor ligands (SRL) is a must for personalized medicine. Although many biomarkers linked to SRL response have been identified, there is no consensus criterion on how to assign this pharmacologic treatment according to biomarker levels. Our aim is to provide better predictive tools for an accurate acromegaly patient stratification regarding the ability to respond to SRL. We took advantage of a multicenter study of 71 acromegaly patients and we used advanced mathematical modelling to predict SRL response combining molecular and clinical information. Different models of patient stratification were obtained, with a much higher accuracy when the studied cohort is fragmented according to relevant clinical characteristics. Considering all the models, a patient stratification based on the extrasellar growth of the tumor, sex, age and the expression of E-cadherin,GHRL,IN1-GHRL,DRD2,SSTR5andPEBP1is proposed, with accuracies that stand between 71 to 95%. In conclusion, the use of data mining could be very useful for implementation of personalized medicine in acromegaly through an interdisciplinary work between computer science, mathematics, biology and medicine. This new methodology opens a door to more precise and personalized medicine for acromegaly patients.
Torsional and lateral eigenmode oscillations for atomic resolution imaging of HOPG in air under ambient conditions
Authors: Eichhorn Anna L. , Dietz Christian
Published: May 2022

Combined in-plane and out-of-plane multifrequency atomic force microscopy techniques have been demonstrated to be important tools to decipher spatial differences of sample surfaces at the atomic scale. The analysis of physical properties perpendicular to the sample surface is routinely achieved from flexural cantilever oscillations, whereas the interpretation of in-plane sample properties via force microscopy is still challenging. Besides the torsional oscillation, there is the additional option to exploit the lateral oscillation of the cantilever for in-plane surface analysis. In this study, we used different multifrequency force microscopy approaches to attain better understanding of the interactions between a super-sharp tip and an HOPG surface focusing on the discrimination between friction and shear forces. We found that the lateral eigenmode is suitable for the determination of the shear modulus whereas the torsional eigenmode provides information on local friction forces between tip and sample. Based on the results, we propose that the full set of elastic constants of graphite can be determined from combined in-plane and out-of-plane multifrequency atomic force microscopy if ultrasmall amplitudes and high force constants are used.
Quantitative study for control of air–liquid segmented flow in a 3D-printed chip using a vacuum-driven system
Authors: Hong Hyeonji , Song Jae Min , Yeom Eunseop
Published: May 2022

The formation of droplets or bubbles in a microfluidic system is a significant topic requiring device miniaturization and a small volume of samples. Especially, a two-phase segmented flow can be applied to micro-mixing for chemical reactions and the treatment of heat and mass transfer. In this study, a flow of liquid slugs and bubbles was generated in a 3D-printed chip and controlled by a single pump creating a vacuum at the outlet. The pump and chip device were integrated to form a simple and portable system. The size and flow rate of liquid slugs, obtained through image processing techniques, were analyzed considering several parameters related to hydraulic resistance and pressure drop. In addition, the effect of segmentation on mixing was observed by measuring the intensity change using two different colored inks. The hydraulic resistance of air and liquid flows can be controlled by changing the tube length of air flow and the viscosity of liquid flow. Because the total pressure drop along the channel was produced using a single pump at the outlet of the channel, the size and flow rate of the liquid slugs showed a near linear relation depending on the hydraulic resistances. In contrast, as the total pressure varied with the flow rate of the pump, the size of the liquid slugs showed a nonlinear trend. This indicates that the frequency of the liquid slug formation induced by the squeezed bubble may be affected by several forces during the development of the liquid slugs and bubbles. In addition, each volume of liquid slug segmented by the air is within the range of 10–1 to 2 µL for this microfluidic system. The segmentation contributes to mixing efficiency based on the increased homogeneity factor of liquid. This study provides a new insight to better understand the liquid slug or droplet formation and predict the segmented flow based on the relationship between the resistance, flow rate, and pressure drop.
Simplified model for pre-code RC column exposed to fire followed by earthquake
Authors: Ioannou Ioanna , Rossetto Tiziana , Rush David , Melo José
Published: May 2022

The behaviour of pre-code reinforced concrete (RC) columns in sequence of fire and earthquake is not well understood and can be critical in case of buildings which experienced fire and are either unrepaired or poorly repaired when exposed to an earthquake. This study proposes a framework on how to construct a simplified model to assess the post-fire cyclic behaviour of such columns. Emphasis is given to the development of simplified material models which can be used to describe the performance of the confined concrete, as its post-fire behaviour is not well studied. The model’s performance is validated against the experimental results of a square, non-seismically designed RC column. Three scenarios are considered. The reference scenario, where the column is exposed only to cyclic loading. In the other two, the column is firstly exposed to an ISO-834 time–temperature curves in a furnace of 30 min and 90 min duration and after it cooled down, it is exposed to cyclic loading. The results showed that simplified material models can be used to capture the post-fire cyclic behaviour of an RC column, built without seismic design. It was also found that the confined model adopted played an important role after the peak strength is reached.
Enhanced CO2 sorption in a hybrid PEI–Mo oxide film via pulsed electrodeposition
Authors: Tanhaei Mohammad , Yang Ming , Cheng Jayce J. W. , Ren Yi , Nemati Arash , Pan Jisheng , Chiam Sing Yang
Published: May 2022

This work shows that pulse electrodeposition employing a rejection pulse cycle enables the co-deposition of non-conducting polymers, thereby yielding hybrid films that demonstrate an enhanced and excellent CO2 sorption performance.
Ferroelectric thin films: performance modulation and application
Authors: Li Shan , Wang Yilin , Yang Mingdi , Miao Jun , Lin Kun , Li Qiang , Chen Xin , Deng Jinxia , Xing Xianran
Published: May 2022

A review on performance optimization and application of ferroelectric thin film materials.
Flexible lead-free piezoelectric arrays for high-efficiency wireless ultrasonic energy transfer and communication
Authors: Jiang Laiming , Wu Bo , Wei Xiaowei , Lv Xiang , Xue Haoyue , Lu Gengxi , Zeng Yushun , Xing Jie , Wu Wenjuan , Wu Jiagang
Published: May 2022

A transcutaneous ultrasound transfer array that hybridizes lots of high-performance (K,Na)NbO3-based eco-friendly piezo-units with soft structural components was developed for maintaining superior outputs and mechanical flexibility.
Controllable synthesis of N/Co-doped carbon from metal–organic frameworks for integrated solar vapor generation and advanced oxidation processes
Authors: He Panpan , Bai Huiying , Fan Zifen , Hao Liang , Liu Ning , Chen Bingyu , Niu Ran , Gong Jiang
Published: May 2022

We propose the controllable synthesis of N/Co-doped carbon from metal–organic frameworks, which shows high performance in the integrated solar vapor generation and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.
Recent development in the design of artificial enzymes through molecular imprinting technology
Authors: Tian Ruizhen , Li Yijia , Xu Jiayun , Hou Chunxi , Luo Quan , Liu Junqiu
Published: May 2022

Recent advances in the preparation of high-performance artificial enzymes based on MIPs and molecularly imprinted nanozymes.
Synergistic self-assembly of rod-like monomers in blue phase liquid crystals for tunable optical properties
Authors: Pawale Tejal , Cheng Savannah , Hnatchuk Nataliia , Li Xiao
Published: May 2022

The synergistic self-assembly behavior of the rod-like mesogenic monomers and the effects of their composition and concentration on the BP lattice are revealed during soft crystal growth and transformations, providing tunable photonic properties.
Stabilization of highly nonlinear stochastic neutral Markovian jump systems with multiple delays
Authors: Fan Qiuqiu , Park Ju H. , Li Zhao‐Yan , Li Longsuo
Published: May 2022

This paper is concerned with the stabilization of highly nonlinear stochastic neutral Markovian jump systems (HNSNMJSs) with multiple delays. First, mild conditions are imposed on the coefficients of the system to ensure the existence and uniqueness of the solution. Second, the design method of the delayed feedback control is provided to stabilize an unstable HNSNMJS with multiple delays in the neutral term. In particular, novel conditions in terms of M‐matrices are proposed for the control function, which facilitate derivation and calculation and are easy to verify. Then, by applying Lyapunov functional‐based approach, new theories on the asymptotic stabilization and exponential stabilization are established. Finally, the validity of the theoretical results is illustrated through a numerical example.
Cascaded control for LCL filter based grid‐tied system with reduced sensors
Authors: Kumari Khushboo , Jain Amit Kumar
Published: May 2022

This work implements a cascaded control for the LCL filter‐based grid‐connected neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter with the reduced sensor. The conventional three‐loop control requires two current sensors for the inverter side, two voltage sensors for the voltage side, and two current sensors for the grid side in total for sensing. This work proposes a novel cascaded control scheme that allows a considerable reduction of grid‐side current sensors and capacitor‐side voltage sensors. Only two inverter‐side current sensors are required for the same. The sensing point is implemented by the proposed estimation algorithm. As an outcome, the hardware complexity, weight, size, and implementation cost of the system are downsized. A comparative assessment is performed between the conventional technique and the proposed methodology. The system is analysed for grid inductance and LCL filter parametric variations in order to assure the robustness and stability of the system. In addition, the system is also investigated for the influence of digital control delay. The implemented system offers enhanced system stability and improved dynamic performance. In order to meet grid regulation, it offers an economical solution. The proposed system is justified by simulated results on the MATLAB/Simulink platform and verified by the experimental results.
Heat wave mitigation of ecosystems in mountain areas — a case study of the Upper Yangtze River basin
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Fu Bin , Sun Juying
Published: May 2022

Background

Natural ecosystems, such as forests and grasslands, can mitigate heat waves, but research on heat wave mitigation in mountain ecosystems is lacking. Considering the upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin (URYB) as the study area, we first divided the URYB into mountainous and non-mountainous areas based on a digital elevation model (DEM). Then, we used temperature to identify heat waves and used the temperature and humidity index to identify suitable days. Finally, the differences between mountainous and non-mountainous areas were compared, and regional development strategies are proposed.

Result

(1)The frequency and duration of heat waves increased by 0.433/y (P < 0.1), 0.07/y (P < 0.05), while the number of suitable days in June, July, and August gradually decreased slightly by 0.0096/y (P < 0.1), 0.0125/y (P < 0.1), 0.004/y (P < 0.1), respectively from 1986 to 2015. (2)The average monthly number of suitable days was the highest in mountainous areas during the summer from 1986 to 2015. Mountainous areas have an advantage in mitigating heat waves owing to landform-based changes in the local climate. (3)In addition to the landform, altitude was the main factor responsible for mitigating heat waves in mountainous areas.

Conclusion

Parts of the plateau and whole mountain areas were found to be best for avoiding extremely high temperatures based on the number of suitable summer days from 1986 to 2015. We suggest formulating tourism promotion strategies, and strengthening tourism infrastructure, considering landscape protection and creation to promote sustainable regional development.
Independent assessment of a deep learning system for lymph node metastasis detection on the Augmented Reality Microscope
Authors: Jin David , Rosenthal Joseph H. , Thompson Elaine E. , Dunnmon Jared , Olson Niels H.
Published: May 2022

Several machine learning algorithms have demonstrated high predictive capability in the identification of cancer within digitized pathology slides. The Augmented Reality Microscope (ARM) has allowed these algorithms to be seamlessly integrated within the current pathology workflow by overlaying their inferences onto its microscopic field of view in real time. In this paper, we present an independent assessment of the LYmph Node Assistant (LYNA) models, state-of-the-art algorithms for the identification of breast cancer metastases in lymph node biopsies which have been optimized for usage at different ARM magnifications. We assessed the models on a set of 40 whole slide images at the commonly used objective magnifications of 10x, 20x, and 40x. We analyzed the performance of the models across clinically relevant subclasses of tissue, including metastatic breast cancer, lymphocytes, histiocytes, veins, and fat. We also analyzed the models’ performance on potential types of contaminant tissue such as endometrial carcinoma and papillary thyroid cancer. Each model obtained overall AUC values of approximately 0.98, accuracy values of approximately 0.94, and sensitivity values above 0.88 at classifying small regions of a field of view as benign or cancerous. Across tissue subclasses, the models performed most accurately on fat and blood, and least accurately on histiocytes, germinal centers, and sinus. The models also struggled with the identification of isolated tumor cells, especially at lower magnifications. After testing, we manually reviewed the discrepancies between model predictions and ground truth in order to understand the causes of error. We introduce a distinction between proper and improper ground truth to allow for analysis in cases of uncertain annotations or on tasks with low inter-rater reliability. Taken together, these methods comprise a novel approach for exploratory model analysis over complex anatomic pathology data in which precise ground truth is difficult to establish.
Saccadic modulation of neural excitability in auditory areas of the neocortex
Authors: Leszczynski Marcin , Bickel Stephan , Nentwich Maximilian , Russ Brian E. , Parra Lucas , Lakatos Peter , Mehta Ashesh , Schroeder Charles E.
Published: May 2022

In natural “active” vision, humans and other primates use eye movements (saccades) to sample bits of information from visual scenes. In this process, nonretinal signals linked to saccades shift visual cortical neurons to a high excitability state as each saccade ends. The extent of this saccadic modulation outside of the visual system is unknown. Here, we show that during natural viewing, saccades modulate excitability in numerous auditory cortical areas, with a pattern complementary to that seen in visual areas. Bi-directional functional connectivity patterns suggest that these effects may arise from regions involved in saccade generation. By using saccadic signals to yoke excitability states in auditory areas to those in visual areas, the brain can improve information processing in complex natural settings.