bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capacitação em primeiros socorros para equipes de saúde da atenção básica: relato de experiência / Training in first aid to staff of primary health care: an experience report
Authors: Santos Ediálida Costa , Silva Stela Veiga Vilena , Silva Ana Maria Nunes da , Silva Layana Barbosa da , Costa Rodrigo Pereira , Mandú Edir Nei Teixeira
Published: November 2017

Situações de urgência e emergência no domicílio ou em vias públicas podem chegar a quaisquer pontos da Rede de Atenção à Saúde. Na Atenção Básica, o atendimento inicial demanda reconhecimento e adequada conduta pelos trabalhadores. Assim, em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, realizou-se uma atualização em primeiros socorros, em outubro de 2016, para 22 trabalhadores de duas equipes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, experiência que aqui se relata. Objetiva-se evidenciar aspectos do curso que favoreceram e limitaram a experiência e o ensino-aprendizagem dos participantes. Desenvolveu-se o curso em 10 horas, para cada equipe, com uma metodologia teórico-prática baseada na simulação de atendimentos às situações de urgência e emergência, e com a facilitação de três acadêmicos e um docente de enfermagem, e de 5 instrutores com experiência em atendimento pré-hospitalar. Avaliou-se a experiência por meio de questionário aplicado antes e após a atividade. Contribuíram para o ensino-aprendizagem dos participantes o interesse dos trabalhadores e o uso de estratégias que favoreceram a articulação teoria-prática e o compartilhamento entre os envolvidos. Com base na experiência, recomenda-se maior tempo para o curso, o uso de dispositivos automatizados e a oferta sistemática da atividade a todas as equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família.
An ISODATA Approach to the Estimation of Atomistic Definition for Continuum Stress
Authors: Du Bao Lei , Jian Qi Fei
Published: November 2017

The atomic stress tensor at a given continuum point is a spatial average value of some volume near the point. Recent progresses in multiscale modeling include the dealing of the optimal number and the size of these volumes. In this paper, we motivate the application of Iterative self-organizing data analysis technique algorithm to estimate volume numbers. The size of these space averaging volumes then could be got using Gaussian mixture model. Reduced computation complexity is offered by this method. Atomistic simulations are conducted to analyze the stress of a stone-wales defect graphene sheet to validate the method. Other multiscale values could also be determined using this method.
Continuum-Micromechanical Modeling of Microcapsules-Based Composites
Authors: Ahmed Abdalla , Sanada Kazuaki , Fanni Mohamed , Abd El-Moneim Ahmed
Published: November 2017

Microcapsules are used in a wide range of applications, especially in self-healing composite materials and phase change materials. There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the importance of reinforcement on the mechanical properties of composites, however the effect of microcapsules during service needs to be further investigated. In this study, numerical investigations were conducted to examine the effects of the various geometric parameters on the mechanical behavior of microcapsules-based composites. The effective Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of core-shell microcapsules distributed in a continuous matrix were predicted. A detailed three-dimensional finite element modeling (FEM) was presented. The numerical results were compared with a hierarchical proposed analytical model for three-constituent composites. Good agreements were achieved.
Electromagnetoelasticity Effect in Silicon
Authors: Skvortsov Arkady A. , Karizin Andrey V.
Published: November 2017

The paper is devoted to the study of the magnetostimulated dynamics of dislocations in silicon and the influence of electric current on this process. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that preliminary exposure of n-and p-type silicon single crystals in a constant magnetic field (B = 1 T, exposure time up to 30 minutes) leads to an increase in mobility of dislocation segments in them during plastic deformation of samples (Т=675оС, σ=60–100 MPa, t=45–60 minutes). The quadratic dependence of the dislocation ranges on the induction of a constant magnetic field was found on the samples studied. A decrease in the activation characteristics of the process of displacement of linear defects during the flow of electric current during deformation is also detected: the transmission of electric current helps to reduce the activation energy of the process from 2.2± 0.2 eV to 0.7±0.1 eV. The observed changes are attributed to a decrease in the interaction energy of linear defects with dislocation stoppers based on the dopant.
Institusioneel vasgeloop? Die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika
Authors: Steenkamp Petrus L.
Published: November 2017

The Netherdutch Reformed Church (Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika) finds itself in a precarious situation. It could be described as a watershed moment in the life of this denomination. The impasse developed due to various factors such as the loss of membership, the economic situation, ecumenical isolation and various other influences, which eventually resulted in a strong institutionalised organisation. Institutionalisation necessarily resulted in a shift of focus from the essence of being Church towards institutional continuation. As a result, the organic growth of the church suffered. This article investigates the institutionalism of the Netherdutch Reformed Church from an open (living) systems perspective, thereby identifying the dysfunctionality between form and function and ending with certain perspectives in respect of a change in focus by the church to realise the true essence of being Church of Jesus Christ.
Anniversary 2007–2017
Authors: Kruger Stephen , Pisa Noleen
Published: November 2017

No abstract available.
Transparencia y monitorización en el entorno digital. Hacia una tipología de las plataformas impulsadas por la ciudadanía
Authors: Alonso-Muñoz Laura , Casero-Ripollés Andreu
Published: November 2017

El entorno digital ha permitido el desarrollo de nuevos mecanismos de ejercicio de la transparencia por parte de la ciudadanía. Ésta se vincula a la monitorización y contribuye a redefinir la comunicación y la participación política. Metodología: El objetivo es analizar las modalidades adoptadas por las plataformas digitales vinculadas a la sociedad civil basadas en la transparencia y orientadas hacia la monitorización de los centros de poder. La metodología se basa en el estudio de caso, aplicado a cinco iniciativas. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados permiten identificar cinco tipos de plataformas según la finalidad principal y la dimensión de la transparencia que cubren. Estas modalidades se centran en los datos de gobierno abierto, las noticias de interés público, la circulación de ideas y puntos de vista variados, las respuestas de actores políticos y la participación ciudadana en los procedimientos vinculados a la toma de decisiones políticas.
Use of Antibody Tools to Provide Serologic Evidence of Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in The Gambia
Authors: Won Kimberly Y. , Sambou Sana , Barry Amanda , Robinson Keri , Jaye Momodou , Sanneh Bakary , Sanyang Abdoulie , Gass Katherine , Lammie Patrick J. , Rebollo Maria
Published: November 2017

A current need in the global effort to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) is the availability of reliable diagnostic tools that can be used to guide programmatic decisions, especially decisions made in the final stages of the program. This study conducted in The Gambia aimed to assess antifilarial antibody levels among populations living in historically highly LF-endemic areas and to evaluate the use of serologic tools to confirm the interruption of LF transmission. A total of 2,612 dried blood spots (DBSs) collected from individuals aged 1 year and above from 15 villages were tested for antibodies to Wb123 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A subset of DBS (N = 599) was also tested for antibodies to Bm14 by ELISA. Overall, the prevalence of Wb123 was low (1.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–2.1%). In 7 of 15 villages (46.7%), there were no Wb123-positive individuals identified. Individuals with positive responses to Wb123 ranged in age from 3 to 100 years. Overall, Bm14 prevalence was also low (1.5%, 95% CI 0.7–2.8%). Bm14 positivity was significantly associated with older age (P < 0.001). The low levels of antibody responses to Wb123 observed in our study strongly suggest that sustainable LF transmission has likely ceased in The Gambia. In addition, our results support the conclusion that serologic tools can have a role in guiding programmatic decision making and supporting surveillance.
Reflections on a Community Engagement Strategy for Mass Antimalarial Drug Administration in Cambodia
Authors: Peto Thomas J. , Tripura Rupam , Davoeung Chan , Nguon Chea , Nou Sanann , Heng Chhouen , Kunthea Pich , Adhikari Bipin , Lim Renly , James Nicola , Pell Christopher , Cheah Phaik Yeong
Published: November 2017

Mass drug administration (MDA) to interrupt malaria transmission requires the participation of entire communities. As part of a clinical trial in western Cambodia, four villages received MDA in 2015–2016. Before approaching study communities, a collaboration was established with the local health authorities, village leaders, and village malaria workers. Formative research guided the development of engagement strategies. In each village, a team of volunteers was formed to explain MDA to their neighbors and provide support during implementation. Public mobilization events featuring drama and music were used to introduce MDA. Villages comprised groups with different levels of understanding and interests; therefore, multiple tailored engagement strategies were required. The main challenges were explaining malaria transmission, managing perceptions of drug side effects, and reaching mobile populations. It was important that local leaders took a central role in community engagement. Coverage during each round of MDA averaged 84%, which met the target for the trial.
How much of the global aerosol optical depth is found in the boundary layer and free troposphere?
Authors: Bourgeois Quentin , Ekman Annica M. L. , Renard Jean-Baptiste , Krejci Radovan , Devasthale Abhay , Bender Frida A.-M. , Riipinen Ilona , Berthet Gwenaël , Tackett Jason L.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The global aerosol extinction from the CALIOP space lidar was used to compute aerosol optical depth (AOD) over a nine-year period (2007–2015) and partitioned between the boundary layer (BL) and the free troposphere (FT) using BL heights obtained from the ERA-Interim archive. The results show that the vertical distribution of AOD does not follow the diurnal cycle of the BL but remains similar between day and night highlighting the presence of a residual layer during night. The BL and FT contribute 69 % and 31 %, respectively, to the global tropospheric AOD during daytime in line with observations obtained using the Light Optical Aerosol Counter (LOAC) instrument. The FT AOD contribution is larger in the tropics than at mid-latitudes which indicates that convective transport largely controls the vertical profile of aerosols. Over oceans, the FT AOD contribution is mainly governed by long-range transport of aerosols from emission sources located within neighboring continents. According to the CALIOP aerosol classification, dust and smoke particles are the main aerosol types transported into the FT. Overall, the study shows that the fraction of AOD in the FT – and thus potentially located above low-level clouds – is substantial and deserves more attention when evaluating the radiative effect of aerosols in climate models. More generally, the results have implications for process determining the overall budgets, sources, sinks and transport of aerosol particles and their description in atmospheric models.
Development of a full-waveform voltage and current recording device for multichannel transient electromagnetic transmitters
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Zhang Qisheng , Wang Meng , Kong Qiang , Zhang Shengquan , He Ruihao , Liu Shenghui , Li Shuhan , Yuan Zhenzhong
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Due to the pressing demand for metallic ore exploration technology in China, several new technologies are being employed in the relevant exploration instruments. In addition to possessing the high resolution of the traditional transient electromagnetic method, high-efficiency measurements, and a short measurement time, the multichannel transient electromagnetic method (MTEM) technology can also sensitively determine the characteristics of a low-resistivity geologic body, without being affected by the terrain. Besides, the MTEM technology also solves the critical, existing interference problem in electrical exploration technology. This study develops a full-waveform voltage and current recording device for MTEM transmitters. After continuous acquisition and storage of the large, pseudo-random current signals emitted by the MTEM transmitter, these signals are then convoluted with the signals collected by the receiver to obtain the earth's impulse response. In this paper, the overall design of the full-waveform recording apparatus, including the hardware and upper-computer software designs, the software interface display, and the results of field test, is discussed in detail.
Hydrological response to climate extremes in mesoscale (pre-)Alpine basins at 0.5° and hyperresolution
Authors: Buitink Joost , Uijlenhoet Remko , Teuling Adriaan J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The response of key hydrological variables to climate extremes within five meso-scale basins in the Swiss Alps is investigated at two different resolutions using the distributed hydrological model Spatial Processes in Hydrology (SPHY). Based on elevation and presence of glaciers, three catchments are identified as Alpine and two as pre-Alpine. We run SPHY both at hyperresolution and at 0.5 × 0.5 degree, and aggregate simulated runoff and evapotranspiration per season. For four seasonal extremes representing flood and drought/heatwave conditions we investigate the simulated response at both model resolutions. Results from the high resolution model show that the within-basin response gets more complex with more extreme events. The response within each basin can be grouped per land use type, due to different dominant runoff generating processes. A comparison with the coarse resolution model results shows that there is a large discrepancy between the two simulated responses. The low resolution model is not able to correctly simulate the complex hydrological response as simulated with the distributed model, since both the complex topography and land use classes are not properly represented. We show that hydrological response simulated with a high resolution model can be a lot more extreme than a low resolution model might indicate, which has important implications for global assessments carried out at course resolution.
SMARTER THAN YOUR AVERAGE SENSOR: AIS SENSOR THAT INTELLIGENTLY RE-TRANSMITS MEANINGFUL INFORMATION DERIVED FROM RAWAIS DATA IN NETWORK LIMITED AREAS
Authors: Meyer R. G. V. , Kleynhans W. , Swanepoel D.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. AIS is a transponder based, anti-collision system used by the majority of ocean traffic. Ships regularly transmit their identity, position and speed. The information used to populate the AIS fields come from ship based sensors, such as GPS, and user populated fields, such as the vessels name and MMSI number. These fields are susceptible to spoofing and can be changed to hide the identity or location of a vessel. This is often done to disguise the vessel as a different class to avoid inspections or to enter a protected area without raising alarms. The AIS system has found great utility in monitoring global shipping trends and traffic but this was never intended when the protocol was designed. Docked vessels still transmit messages regularly that contain no new information. These, and other redundant messages, are still transmitted and stored. In situations where a sensor is remote and has limited access to the Internet this can become costly. The Smart-AIS sensor records all incoming messages locally and makes a decision on whether the message is of special interest or not. Messages of interest are re-transmitted to an external AIS database.
MONITORING THE IMPACTS OF EL NIÑO ON THE EXTENT OF CULTIVATED FIELDS USING SAR DATA AROUND THE AGRICULTURAL REGION OF THE FREE STATE, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Ngie A. , Tesfamichael S. , Ahmed F.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. There is continuous challenge in crop monitoring from erratic climatic phenomena such as irregular rainfall episodes during required farming seasons or cloud cover. Remote sensing has offered vital support in the monitoring of such scenarios and informs relevant authorities for better decision making. While optical sensors measure the greenness of vegetation to enable monitoring of its status, their usage is constrained by the continuous cloud cover during crop growth seasons in sub Saharan Africa. Synthetic aperture radar data (SAR) are on the other hand capable of penetrating clouds and are sensitive to the structure and moisture content of target features, thereby providing complementary information for monitoring crop cultivated fields. This study sought to evaluate the sensitivity of Sentinel-1 SAR data to the status of cultivated crop fields that experienced varying rainfall amounts between 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 growing seasons as a result of El Niño induced drought in 2015. Dual polarization composites per season were classified and through sample farms delineated from Google Earth image, backscatter values were extracted for statistical comparisons. The two sample t-test was applied to test significance of the differences between the two seasons at the level of farm status. Results showed an overall significant difference (p-value of 0.003
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEYS ON THE GERMAN NORTH SEA COAST USING HIGH-RESOLUTION SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR DATA
Authors: Gade M. , Kohlus J. , Kost C.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. We show that high-resolution space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery with pixel sizes well below 1 m2 can be used to complement archaeological surveys in areas that are difficult to access. After major storm surges in the 14th and 17th centuries, vast areas on the German North Sea coast were lost to the sea. Areas of former settlements and historical land use were buried under sediments for centuries, but when the surface layer is driven away under the permanent action of wind, currents, and waves, they appear again on the Wadden Sea surface. However, the frequent flooding and erosion of the intertidal flats make any archaeological monitoring a difficult task, so that remote sensing techniques appear to be an efficient and cost-effective instrument for any archaeological surveillance of that area. Space-borne SAR images clearly show remnants of farmhouse foundations and of former systems of ditches, dating back to the 14th and to the 16th/17th centuries. In particular, the very high-resolution acquisition (staring spotlight) mode of the German TerraSAR/ TanDEM-X satellites allows for the detection of various kinds of residuals of historical land use with high precision. In addition, we also investigate the capability of SARs working at lower microwave frequencies (on Radarsat-2) to complement our archaeological survey of historical cultural traces, some of which have been unknown so far.
OBSERVING SURFACE CIRCULATION OF THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN BASIN WITH SATELLITE IMAGERY
Authors: Karimova S.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this article, the benefits of using satellite imagery of different types (namely thermal infrared, visible-range, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images) for observing surface circulation of marine basins are being discussed. As a region of interest, we use the Western Mediterranean Basin. At first, the areas with sharpest thermal and chlorophyll-a gradients within the region of interest were defined on a seasonal base using the data provided by Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). After that, mesoscale eddies were detected using different sea surface temperature (SST) products and, finally, submesoscale vortices were observed with Envisat Advanced SAR imagery. Thus found locations of eddies were compared with locations of the sharpest fronts discovered in the first part of the study, which showed that the biggest, mostly anticyclonic, eddies tended to correspond to locations of main surface currents; smaller cyclonic eddies were mostly attributed to thermal fronts, while submesoscale eddies were distributed quite homogeneous. The observations performed in that way revealed quite prominent basin-, meso- and submesoscale eddy activity in the region of interest. Additionally, significant seasonal variability in the type of surface water stirring was noted. Thus, the maximum of both meso- and submesoscale eddy activity seems to happen during the warm season, while during winter, presumably due to low Richardson numbers typical for the upper water layer, the turbulent features are still undeveloped and of the smaller spatial scale than during the warm period of year.
Contribución al conocimiento de la flora alóctona de Galicia, II (NO Península Ibérica, España)
Authors: González-Martínez X. Ignacio
Published: November 2017

En este trabajo aportamos información sobre 25 taxones de flora vascular exótica herborizados en el SO de la provincia de A Coruña. En este colectivo figuran 7 novedades regionales [Actinidia chinensis Planch., Fatsia japónica Planch., Fuchsia magellanica Lam., Fuchsia × hybrida Hort. ex Sieber & Voss, Kalanchoe × houghtonii D.B.Ward, Kerria japonica (L.) DC. y Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton] y 6 provinciales [Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC., Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacq., Eucalyptus pulchella Desf., Impatiens balfourii Hook. fil. y Muehlenbeckia complexa (A. Cunn.) Meisn.], así como otros taxones poco documentados para Galicia o que presentan algún problema de índole taxonómico. Por otra parte, y al margen del citado colectivo de flora exótica, se ha decidido incluir el híbrido ornamental Leucanthemum × superbum (Bergmans ex J.W. Ingram) D.H. Kent, novedad para la flora ibérica. Todos los pliegos testigo se hallan depositados en el Herbario SANT.
Leadership Management of Military Hospital in Efforts to Improve the Patient Service (Case Study of RSAL Dr. Mintoarjo)
Authors: Soesanto Radito , Efendy Hady
Published: November 2017

RSAL dr. Mintoharjo is a military hospital serving members of the Indonesian National Army, the Navy and their families also provide services to the general public. Utilization of hospital facilities has not been optimal with the standard value of Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR) below the minimum value that must be achieved. Leadership becomes one of the factors that greatly affect the organization. A leader plays an important role because its existence can determine the progress of the organization, with the change of hospital leadership is expected for better organizational performance. Better performance is one of them by providing good service to the customer so customer satisfaction will be improved so that will reduce (save) cost to effort to attract new customer. In an effort to improve the quality and service of RSAL dr. Mintoharjo implements effective leadership strategies, Transformative and militaristic leadership styles and innovatively transforms organizational culture. With an effective leadership strategy. RSAL dr. Mintoharjo has a strategy of building service, human, quality and achievement in finance. Building service by choosing superior service included in hospital vision, mission, values and strategic plan. Building humanity and quality is by building leadership and training institutions. In the field of finance has been built Hospital Management Information System (SIMRS) is very helpful in the management of hospital finances. With an effective leadership strategy and leadership style of the Military Transformational Head of RSAL dr. Mintoharjo managed to change the existing organizational culture in the Hospital to be better one of them is with the measuring value of the increasing number of BOR RSAL dr. Mintharjo.
Investigation on the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Organizational Justice and Supervisor Support: an Application in the Health Sector
Authors: Aksoy Cenk , Yalçınsoy Ayhan
Published: November 2017

The research is conducted for health sector workers. The research is carried out to examine the relationship between job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational justice and supervisor support concepts.The survey was delivered to health sector employeesand a total of 432 completed questionnaires were used for analysis. The observation period took place between May and July 2017.Correlation, regression, T test and Anova analyzes were applied to the research data that obtained by the questionnaire. At the end of the research, positive linear relationship is find between job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational justice and supervisor support. The differences in some demographic variables are also find out in the research.
University Students Usage of Facebook: The Case of Obtained Gratifications and Typology of Its Users
Authors: Aljasir Shuaa , Bajnaid Ayman , Elyas Tariq , Alnawasrah Mustafa
Published: November 2017

This paper presents and discusses the results from the designed quantitative self-report questionnaire. It addresses two main research objectives: first, to contribute to the uses and gratifications research by exploring the gratifications that research participants who belong to a conservative Islamic culture obtain from using Facebook, and second, to inform theoretical and empirical media and communications research through proposing a typology of users based on their obtained gratifications, usage variables, and demographic variables. The findings showed that Saudi university students obtained 11 gratifications from using Facebook, including communicational, personal, recreational, and academic gratifications.
Efficacy of Demonetisation in Eliminating Black Money: An Analysis of Indian Demonetisation November 2016
Authors: Ghosh T.P.
Published: November 2017

Indian demonetisation 2016 targeted to eliminate black money and counterfeit currency has been questioned in the economic and political discourse on the ground of hardship faced by millions and return of 98.96% of banned currency to the system. It was a popular expectation that a good proportion of banned currency would not return to the system as the black money holders might destroy them to avoid legal consequences. While the demonetisation strategy is dubbed as a failure based on ‘cash seizure’ parameter, this article reviewed its efficacy using five broader perspectives: • data mining to trace the sources of disproportionate cash holding, • improved tax collection, • balancing currency circulation, • uninterrupted flow of foreign direct investment despite short run economic down turn and• public perception. Economic growth and corruption are found to be negatively correlated except the ‘Asian Paradox’ observed in few research studies. In general, Indian economy is smudged by high level of corruption, tax evasion and accumulated black money which has been reflected in the continuing low rank of India in the Corruption Perception Index. Demonetisation failed in ‘cash seizure’ parameter as the black money held in banned currency was traded with organised money laundering groups at a high discount which then were deposited back to the system. The success of the demonetisation strategy is primarily linked to the success of ‘operation clean money’ launched by the tax authority under which the depositors with unaccounted wealth is traced back through data mining from disproportionate deposits during the transition period.
Assessing the Efficiencies and Competitiveness of the Fresh Cassava Storage Root Production Systems in Sierra Leone
Authors: Nabay Osman , Whyte James B. A. , Gbaguidi Brice J. , Tonakpon Vodouhe G. , Kassoh Fallah S. , Bandabla Tamba , Koroma Martin , Yila Keiwoma M. , Sesay Lansana , Massaquoi Alhaji , Bangura Raymond
Published: November 2017

The Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was used to assess the efficiencies and competitiveness of fresh cassava storage root production systems in Sierra Leone. Proportional random sampling was used to select study samples. Information was collected using structured questionnaire from a total of 1,880 producer households. Out of the 36 potential storage root production systems identified, only 6 systems are mainly used by producers. The PAM was based on one hectare of land for production and Leone (SSL) as money to evaluate costs and revenues. The analysis indicates that, all the 6 fresh cassava storage root production systems present a Domestic Resource Cost Ratio of less than 1 (DRC < 1) and Cost-Benefit Ratio (RCB) also less than 1 (RCB within 0.14 to 0.42). Discounting potential revenue from stems and cassava leaves in storage root production systems that use improved varieties and fertilizer have higher comparative and competitive advantages. The systems are also profitable, even though producers are not protected from tradable and taxed inputs. Production systems also remain profitable with 25% and 50% yield loss. This was also confirmed by Abiodun and Adefemi (2016). It is therefore better to produce cassava locally in Sierra Leone than import for processing or consumption. This study proposes recommendations to improve cassava productivity in Sierra Leone.
A Fast and Effective Progressively Delivered In-Tree Fruit Bagging Apparatus
Authors: Hua Yanbin , Yang Baotong , Quan Lichun , Yang Jiangang , Tian Yahong , Zhou Xin-Gen , Chong Juang-Horng , Li Liulin
Published: November 2017

Technical Notes
Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy and Ultrasound Therapy in the Treatment of Tennis Elbow Syndrome
Authors: Kubot Agnieszka , Grzegorzewski Andrzej , Synder Marek , Szymczak Wiesław , Kozłowski Piotr
Published: November 2017

Background. Both ultrasound and radial shockwave therapies are used to treat tennis elbow syndrome. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of both therapies by assessing the reduction in pain intensity and frequency, restoration of mobility, and reduction in the need for pain medication.
Material and methods. The study enrolled 60 people, who were randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients: those treated by radial shockwave therapy and those treated by ultrasound therapy. Radial shockwave therapy consisted of 3 sessions at weekly intervals. Ultrasound therapy consisted of 10 treatments performed daily. The clinical status of the patients before treatment, just after treatment, and after 8 weeks was assessed with the Leitinen questionnaire and a visual analogue scale (VAS).
Results. Pain reduction, as assessed by VAS scores, was observed in both groups, who were not different at baseline (p=0.807). While both therapies were effective (p<0.005), mean pain intensity assessed by VAS scores in patients treated by radial shockwave therapy was significantly lower compared to those treated by ultrasound therapy; this relationship was present just after treatment completion (p=0.001) and at 8 weeks after treatment completion (p=0.002).
Conclusions. 1. Both radial shockwave and ultrasound therapies cause a reduction in the intensity and frequency of pain that persists for at least 8 weeks, reducing the need for pain medication and improving the function of the treated upper limb. 2. Ultrasound therapy is less effective than radial shockwave therapy.
Os caminhos e os sentidos do exílio na poesia brasileira
Authors: Paiva Marcélia Guimarães
Published: November 2017

O exílio é uma questão universal e pode ser vivido dentro da própria pátria ou da comunidade – o aqui chamado exílio existencial, íntimo ou interior – e/ou vivido fora delas como o que se verifica com os deslocamentos humanos que ocorrem em toda a História, com destaque para os trágicos movimentos migratórios no século XXI. Comumente associado à situação resultante de deslocamento geográfico, o exílio também ocorre em lugares/espaços não geográficos, no interior do indivíduo. Esse indivíduo é banido de seu grupo social por não aderir aos valores compartilhados pela maioria, com isso torna-se um exilado. Na dimensão literária, existe uma tradição de poemas de exílio. Neste artigo, são analisados poemas que compõem a tradição brasileira de poesia de exílio. Para determinar a escolha e a análise dos poemas considerados “de exílio”, foram levados em conta a presença, na cena poética, dos seguintes aspectos: o exilado está fora de casa, tem consciência do exílio, é um ser sozinho, deseja um paraíso e passou por uma experiência de exílio anterior. As análises desses poemas são orientadas especialmente pelas reflexões teóricas de Denise Rollemberg, Edward Said, Homi K. Bhabha, Paul Ilie e Paul Tabori.

 
Systematic revision and palaeobiology of Rosenfeldia triasica and Rogeryon oppeli gen. et comb. nov. (Eucrustacea, Polychelida)
Authors: Audo Denis , Schweigert Günter , Charbonnier Sylvain , Haug Joachim T.
Published: November 2017

Polychelidan lobsters (Decapoda: Polychelida) are crustaceans with extant species which are restricted to deep water environments. Fossil species, however, used to live in more varied palaeoenvironments, from shallow water to deep water, and were more diverse morphologically. We redescribe two species of polychelidan lobsters, the Late Triassic Rosenfeldia triasica Garassino, Teruzzi & Dalla Vecchia, 1996 and the Late Jurassic Eryon oppeli Woodward, 1866, recently assigned to the same genus, Rosenfeldia, based upon only a few characters. Our investigation of all available material of both species leads us to distinguish these two species and to erect Rogeryon gen. nov. to accommodate Eryon oppeli. The palaeobiology of both species is interpreted for the first time. Rosenfeldia triasica with its stout first pereiopods and mandibles with both incisor and molar processes (documented for the first time in Polychelida) was benthic and probably fed either on slow-moving sedentary preys or was a scavenger. Rogeryon oppeli gen. et comb. nov. was benthic, visually adapted to shallow water palaeoenvironments, and possibly had a diet similar to that of slipper lobsters and horseshoe crabs. The redescription of these two species highlights the palaeobiological diversity of fossil polychelidans.
Allopatric cryptic diversity in the alpine species complex Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Zlatkov Boyan , Huemer Peter
Published: November 2017

Allopatric alpine populations of Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) are reviewed. In addition to traditional diagnostic characters of external morphology, the genitalia structures of everted vesicae in male genitalia and DNA barcodes are analysed. This new approach supports the existence of five rather than two species in Europe: Phtheochroa schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov. (Dinaric Mts, Rila Mts, Pirin Mts) = P. drenowskyi (Rebel, 1916) syn. nov.; P. alpinana sp. nov. (SW Alps); P. apenninana sp. nov. (Apennines); P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev. (Pyrenees) = P. flavidana (Guenée, 1845) = P. sulphurana (Guenée, 1845) = P. andorrana (Millière, 1865); P. cantabriana sp. nov. (Cantabrian Mts). In order to stabilize the nomenclature, a neotype for Eupoecilia frigidana is designated.
ГИС БАЗИРАНА ПРОСТОРНО-ВРЕМЕНСКА АНАЛИЗА ПРОДУКЦИЈЕ БИОМАСЕ НА ПОДРУЧЈУ РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ
Authors: Бајић Даворин , Аџић Драгутин , Декић Радoслав
Published: November 2017

У овом раду извршена је просторно-временска анализа продукције биомасе на подручју РепубликеСрпске, коришћењем продуката даљинске детекције и географских информационих технологија. Основни улазнипараметри, на основу којих је извршена анализа, су бруто примарна продуктивност (GPP) и нето примарнапродукција (NPP). На основу GPP и NPP, као мјера продукције и акумулације угљеника у екосистемима, наиндиректан начин извршено је мјерење продукције биомасе. Kоришћени су сателитски снимци који се базирајуна MODIS (енг. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) MOD17 производу, који у осмодневним игодишњим интервалима генерише GPP и NPP параметре, у виду ГИС растерских слојева. Анализа је извршена задесетогодишњи период од 2005. до 2014. године, коришћењем Google Earth Engine ВЕБ ГИС апликације и QGISдесктоп ГИС апликације. Резултати анализе продукције биомасе на подручју Републике Српске, у посматраномпериоду, указују на одређена одступања и колебања у просторним и временским оквирима, зависно од типаекосистема, те у зависности од метеоролошких услова у појединим годинама посматрања.
ПРОСТОРНО-ФУНКЦИОНАЛНА ОРГАНИЗАЦИЈА СЕЛА ВРЕЛО И МОГУЋНОСТИ ТУРИСТИЧКЕ ВАЛОРИЗАЦИЈЕ
Authors: Обрадовић Видомир
Published: November 2017

У раду је одређен просторно-функционални оквир села Врело у регији Бирач. Анализиране су основеприродних и антропогених вриједности, њихова инвентаризација, комплементарност и развојна компонентаодрживости сеоског туризма. Предмет рада је базиран на анализи природних специфичности које су ималепресудан утицај на просторно-функционалну организацију села Врело. На основу тога створене су претпоставкеза могућу туристичку валоризацију и поступно увођење у одрживу развојну фазу. Разматрано је тренутно стање имогућности развоја еко и етно-туризма на економски одрживим основама уз институционалне развојне пројектеи ангажовање локалног становништва са благовременим и правилним односом према животној средини. На базиаутентичних природних и антропогених вриједности, акценат је дат и на могућност стварања претпоставки заорганизацију теренских настава за студенте географије и просторног планирања.
Open text editing tools for open scholarly communications
Authors: Wilm Johannes
Published: November 2017

Scholarly communication is undergoing a revolution with the move to open access. This has opened new opportunities and also new challenges. One of the most problematic issues are the costs of publishing. Some of this may be excessive profits of some publishers, but another part are actual costs associated with typesetting and document conversion.In 2012, the open source Fidus Writer editor was born with the vision of creating a fully web-based semantic editor for academics that would not require manual typesetting after the authors are finished with their text. Since 2015 the GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences and University of Bonn have been working on the “Open Scholarly Communications in the Social Sciences” project. The project is financed by the German Research Foundation, DFG, and it has been enhancing Fidus Writer and connecting it with a number of other tools, such as citation databases for automatic citation retrieval and the Open Journals Systems (OJS) to offer an integrated peer-review process. The aim is to create a fully integrated system for social Scientists and others that does away with conversion steps and makes scientific text creation both less costly and improves the tools available, also for non-technically inclined users.While several other projects have come into being simultaneously with Fidus Writer, their focus has been somewhat different: ShareLatex/Overleaf have focused on LaTeX users and is therefore not suitable for scientists who do not code. Other editors are either not open source, not working as collaborative editors or do not provide the tools needed by humanists and social scientists.We have written several papers collaboratively using our combined tool that have been submitted and published and are now working with two journals to obtain real-world experience using Fidus Writer with social scientists in the journal peer review process. In this poster I would like to present the current status of our tool and project.
Cuerpo editorial y Árbitros de este número
Authors: DE INFORMACIÓN CUADERNOS
Published: November 2017

Listado de los revisores de pares que arbitraron los artículos de este número de Cuadernos de Informaciones y de los integrantes del Comité Editorial y el Consejo Asesor
Polymer Processing: Extrusion
Authors: Rauwendaal Chris , Gonzalez‐Nunez Ruben , Rodrigue Denis
Published: November 2017

Extruders are the most common machines in the plastics processing industry. Extruders are used not only in extrusion operations but also in molding operations, for example, injection molding and blow molding. Essentially every plastic part has gone through an extruder at one point or another; in many cases, more than once. In typical plastics extrusion processing, a viscous melt under pressure is forced through a shaping die in a continuous stream. The feedstock may enter the extrusion device in the molten state, but more commonly it consists of solid particles that must be subjected in the extruder to melting, mixing, and pressurization. This article discusses extruders and the extrusion process in detail, including screw design, dies, mixing, melting, conveying, and degassing. It also includes a comparison between different configurations and reports on their advantages and limitations.
Stabilization of Polymers
Authors: Al‐Malaika S. , Sheena H. H.
Published: November 2017

This review covers the fundamental aspects of polymer stabilization with emphasis on the underlying mechanisms of oxidative degradation of polymers, and the many factors that affect their stability and durability. The basic mechanisms of antioxidant action in polymer stabilization and the effects of chemical and physical factors that impact performance are presented. The different classes of antioxidants are discussed with specific examples. Recent progress made in several areas of stabilization targeted at improving the stability and durability of polymers is highlighted, for example, graftable and macromolecular antioxidants, bio‐based (natural/biological) antioxidants, polymer nanocomposites, photovoltaics, fuel cells and orthopedic implants.
What Is Better Than Coulomb Failure Stress? A Ranking of Scalar Static Stress Triggering Mechanisms from 105 Mainshock‐Aftershock Pairs
Authors: Meade Brendan J. , DeVries Phoebe M. R. , Faller Jeremy , Viegas Fernanda , Wattenberg Martin
Published: November 2017

Aftershocks may be triggered by the stresses generated by preceding mainshocks. The temporal frequency and maximum size of aftershocks are well described by the empirical Omori and Bath laws, but spatial patterns are more difficult to forecast. Coulomb failure stress is perhaps the most common criterion invoked to explain spatial distributions of aftershocks. Here we consider the spatial relationship between patterns of aftershocks and a comprehensive list of 38 static elastic scalar metrics of stress (including stress tensor invariants, maximum shear stress, and Coulomb failure stress) from 213 coseismic slip distributions worldwide. The rates of true‐positive and false‐positive classification of regions with and without aftershocks are assessed with receiver operating characteristic analysis. We infer that the stress metrics that are most consistent with observed aftershock locations are maximum shear stress and the magnitude of the second and third invariants of the stress tensor. These metrics are significantly better than random assignment at a significance level of 0.005 in over 80% of the slip distributions. In contrast, the widely used Coulomb failure stress criterion is distinguishable from random assignment in only 51–64% of the slip distributions. These results suggest that a number of alternative scalar metrics are better predictors of aftershock locations than classic Coulomb failure stress change.
The First Molecule‐Based Blue‐Light Optical‐Dielectric Switching Material in Both Hybrid Bulk Crystal and Flexible Thin Film Forms
Authors: Guo Qiang , Zhang Wan‐Ying , Ye Qiong , Fu Da‐Wei
Published: November 2017

Three Japanese scientists are awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of a new energy‐efficient light source, the blue light‐emitting diode, which has great potential in photoelectric applications. However, exploring excellent blue‐light materials is still a bigger challenge than red/green ones, especially those with optical‐dielectric dual channels of dielectricity and photoluminescence, which are rarely reported and gradually become the main research objects and nodi in the information industry. Herein, the first molecular blue‐light switching material, (4‐methoxybenzylaminum)2ZnCl4 (1) with many advantages, such as light weight, easy, and environment‐friendly processing, controllability, flexibility, and so on, performs optical and dielectric dual switching simultaneously in a single‐molecule integrated module. And the multifunctional switching ON/OFF channels can be manipulated in the bulk crystal or unidirectional film by applying an external thermal signal, which shows a high signal‐to‐noise ratio of 2:1 and a strong fatigue resistance. Besides, the dense film maintains the structural retention characteristic after more than 10 000 times of folding over 90°, which is the mark of its real genius as an ultraflexible blue‐light device. This finding will promote the application of blue‐light materials in optoelectronic devices and open up a new era of molecule‐based blue‐light switchable multifunctional materials.
Controllable Photoluminescence Behaviors of Amphiphilic Porphyrin Supramolecular Assembly Mediated by Cyclodextrins
Authors: Liu Guoxing , Zhang Ying‐Ming , Xu Xiufang , Zhang Lu , Yu Qilin , Zhao Qian , Zhao Chaoyue , Liu Yu
Published: November 2017

Tunable photoluminescence nanomaterials have aroused increasing interest from researchers recently due to their application in bioimaging, photodynamic therapy, and energy conversion. Herein, an artificial ternary nanosystem comprised of dithienylethene‐bridged bis(permethyl‐β‐CD)s, dodecyl‐bearing porphyrin, and amphipathic near‐infrared (NIR) cyanine fluorochrome is conveniently constructed by rationally designing the host/guest components, dimensions, and properties. In this system, an effective energy transfer (ET) from porphyrin to cyanine fluorochrome leads to the dramatic enhancement of NIR fluorescence intensity and more crucially, this process can be efficiently regulated by distinct light input, achieving photoswitching ET‐NIR fluorescence in aqueous media.
Supported Palladium Nanoparticles Catalyzed Reductive Carbonylation of Nitroarenes to N‐Arylformamides
Authors: Thakur Vandna , Kumar Ajay , Sharma Nishtha , Shil Arun K. , Das Pralay
Published: November 2017

A facile reductive carbonylation reaction of nitroarenes to N‐arylformamide synthesis was investigated under polymer supported palladium (Pd@PS) nanoparticles catalyzed conditions. Dual role of oxalic acid dihydrate ((CO2H)2 ⋅ 2H2O) as H2 source for hydrogenation and CO source for carbonylation reaction for desired products synthesis was critically investigated under favorable DMF solvent conditions. Several cross experiments were performed to establish the best possible hypothesis for the proposed mechanism and understanding about the involvement of CO in the reaction pathway. Further, ortho‐substituted nitroarenes were found to be highly specific for facile para‐hydroxylation to give corresponding para‐hydroxy N‐aryl formamides.

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