bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Team Building Through Team Video Games: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Keith Mark J , Dean Douglas L , Gaskin James , Anderson Greg
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Organizations of all types require the use of teams. Poor team member engagement costs billions of US dollars annually.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explain how team building can be accomplished with team video gaming based on a team cohesion model enhanced by team flow theory.

METHODS

In this controlled experiment, teams were randomly assigned to a team video gaming treatment or a control treatment. Team productivity was measured during both pretreatment and posttreatment team tasks. After the pretest, teams who were involved in the team video gaming treatment competed against other teams by playing the Halo or Rock Band video game for 45 minutes. After the pretest, teams in the control treatment worked alone for 45 minutes. Then, all teams completed the posttest team activity. This same experimental protocol was conducted on 2 different team tasks.

RESULTS

For both tasks, teams in the team video gaming treatment increased their productivity significantly more (F1=8.760, P=.004) on the posttest task than teams in the control treatment. Our flow-based theoretical model explained team performance improvement more than twice as well (R2=40.6%) than prior related research (R2=18.5%).

CONCLUSIONS

The focused immersion caused by team video gaming increased team performance while the enjoyment component of flow decreased team performance on the posttest. Both flow and team cohesion contributed to team performance, with flow contributing more than cohesion. Team video gaming did not increase team cohesion, so team video gaming effects are independent of cohesion. Team video gaming is a valid practical method for developing and improving newly formed teams.
Abbreviated Dietary Self-monitoring for Type 2 Diabetes Management: Mixed Methods Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Richardson Kelli Marie , Cota Aguirre Gloria , Weiss Rick , Cinar Ali , Liao Yue , Marano Kari , Bedoya Arianna R , Schembre Susan
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) can be managed through diet and lifestyle changes. The American Diabetes Association acknowledges that knowing what and when to eat is the most challenging aspect of diabetes management. Although current recommendations for self-monitoring of diet and glucose levels aim to improve glycemic stability among people with T2D, tracking all intake is burdensome and unsustainable. Thus, dietary self-monitoring approaches that are equally effective but are less burdensome should be explored.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine the feasibility of an abbreviated dietary self-monitoring approach in patients with T2D, in which only carbohydrate-containing foods are recorded in a diet tracker.

METHODS

We used a mixed methods approach to quantitatively and qualitatively assess general and diet-related diabetes knowledge and the acceptability of reporting only carbohydrate-containing foods in 30 men and women with T2D.

RESULTS

The mean Diabetes Knowledge Test score was 83.9% (SD 14.2%). Only 20% (6/30) of participants correctly categorized 5 commonly consumed carbohydrate-containing foods and 5 noncarbohydrate-containing foods. The mean perceived difficulty of reporting only carbohydrate-containing foods was 5.3 on a 10-point scale. Approximately half of the participants (16/30, 53%) preferred to record all foods. A lack of knowledge about carbohydrate-containing foods was the primary cited barrier to acceptability (12/30, 40%).

CONCLUSIONS

Abbreviated dietary self-monitoring in which only carbohydrate-containing foods are reported is likely not feasible because of limited carbohydrate-specific knowledge and a preference of most participants to report all foods. Other approaches to reduce the burden of dietary self-monitoring for people with T2D that do not rely on food-specific knowledge could be more feasible.
EFFECT OF WORK DISCIPLINE, LEADERSHIP STYLE AND TRAINING ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN RSUD HAJI MAKASSAR
Authors: Sabban Yusrab Ardianto , Masyadi Masyadi
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of work discipline, leadership style, and training on device performance partially and simultaneously, and to analyze which variables had the most dominant influence on the performance of the employees of RSUD Haji Makassar. The sample of this study was 120 people, using saturated samples, with the method of multiple linear regression analysis with the help of the SPSS program. The result showed that employee performance is influenced by work discipline, leadership style and training. The variable that has the most dominant influence on the performance of employees at RSUD Haji Makassar is training. Therefore, it is recommended to allocate funds for training activities and develop an incentive policy for fostering responsibility and employee integrity.
That's La Morte: Italian Cult Cinema and the Years of Lead
Authors: Xavier Mendik
Published: March 2021

'That's la Morte: Italian Cult Cinema and the Years of Lead' is an 80 minute documentary that considers how cult and horror film cycles came to reflect wider anxieties within 1970s Italy. The documentary comprises of archival and film data from the decade alongside interview interventions from leading filmmakers, producers, performers, screenwriters musicians and historians.
The effect of mode of delivery and duration of labour on subsequent pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: winsen Kimberly van , Savvidou Makrina , Steer Philip
Published: March 2021

Objective To assess if delivery mode and duration of labour in
a first labour of spontaneous onset is associated with gestational
length, delivery mode 3and neonatal outcome in the subsequent pregnancy.
Study Design Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected
data. Setting 15 Maternity units in North West London (1988 to
2000). Population 30,840 women with spontaneous onset of labour
in pregnancy 1 and a subsequent birth reported in the same database.
Methods Assessment of outcomes by mode of delivery in pregnancy
1, restricting the analysis to the difference in the gestational length
between pregnancy 1 and 2. Main Outcome Measures Gestational
length, mode of delivery and neonatal unit admission in pregnancy 2.
Results Caesarean section (CS) in the first or second stage of
labour in pregnancy 1 was associated with pregnancy 2 being a median of
5 and 8 days shorter and a preterm birth rate of 6.0% and 10.1%
respectively, whereas following a spontaneous or instrumental birth in
pregnancy 1 the median duration was similar, with preterm delivery rates
of 4.5% and 3.9%. 56.2% of women with a CS in pregnancy 1 had a
repeat CS and 12.5% of their babies were admitted to neonatal unit,
compared with 5.3% of women with vaginal birth. Longer labours were
associated with shorter gestations in pregnancy 2. Conclusions
Compared to vaginal birth, an emergency CS in the first term pregnancy
is associated with a shorter gestational length, increased rate of
repeat CS and increased risk of NNU admission in the next pregnancy.
Early replacement of ankylosed first molar via mesial root movement facilitates bone formation and normal eruption of the third molar
Authors: Park Sun-Hyung , Koo Yun-Jin , Keum Byeong-Tak , Chun Joo-Hee , Lee Kee-Joon
Published: March 2021

Ankylosis of a molar during active growth leads to a significant vertical bone defect, extrusion of the opposing molar, and inclination of adjacent teeth. Treatment timing is an essential factor for the patient's quality of life. Early extraction of the ankylosed molar and protraction of the second molar is challenging because of the difficulty of tooth movement and the uncertainty of the normal eruption of the third molar. In view of the uncertainty of eruption of the mandibular third molar, it is essential to assess the potential for eruption according to the developmental stage of the third molar and to secure sufficient space for eruption. In this case report, a girl with an ankylosed right mandibular first molar and an advanced vertical bone defect was treated via early extraction of the ankylosed molar along with the intrusion of the maxillary molar and mesial root movement of the second molar before the initiation of third molar root formation. Restoration of the vertical bone defect was noted at the end of treatment. In addition, spontaneous eruption of the third molar was observed, which was in contrast to the mesioangular impaction of the contralateral third molar. This case emphasizes the importance of treatment timing to increase the chance of utilization of the third molar.
“Let's send millions of qualified public archaeology cadres to the new museums and commercial units!”
Authors: Moshenska Gabriel
Published: March 2021

An obsession with origins is a hallmark of pseudoarchaeology, while the celebration of arbitrary anniversaries is one of the more meaningless conceits of the heritage industry. In that spirit, I would like to wish a happy tenth anniversary to AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology, and to extend my warmest congratulations to the editorial team.
PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS APPLIED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN BAHASA INGGRIS MIM PK KARTASURA
Authors: Warhandika Fernanda Frisky , R Dhevi Anastia , Permatasari Danita Novian
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : 1) Mendiskripsikan Program SME dalam peningkatan kemampuan berbahasa inggris pada anak, 2) Mengidentifikasi Dampak positif dari program applied learning terhadap perkembangan kognitif pada siswa, 3) Mengetahui kesulitan apa saja yang ditemui guru dalam menerapkan metode pembelajaran berbasis Bahasa Inggris dan solusi mengatasi kesulitan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian jenis kualitatif dengan pola deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan data dengan triangulasi teknik dan triangulasi sumber. Teknik analisis data penelitian dilakukan secara interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Meningkatkan kemampuan Bahasa Inggris dengan menerapkan program vocabulary book, classroom language di terapkan sehari- hari sehingga siswa dapat menguasai bahasa inggris dan dapat menerapkannya ke dalam soal-soal yang berbasis Bahasa Inggris. Penerapannya seperti anak dapat menggunakan kalimat-kalimat perintah dalam Bahasa Inggris, dari hal-hal kecil siswa di biasakan untuk menggunakan Bahasa Inggris agar kemampuan siswa lebih banyak. 2) Dampak positif dari program applied learning terhadap perkembangan kognitif pada siswa. Siswa dapat mengembangkan kemampuan bahasa inggrisnya untuk berkompetisi dengan sekolah lain saat mengikuti olimpiade, siswa dapat menambah kosakata Bahasa inggris lebih banyak. ; 3) Kendala yang ditemui guru dalam menerapkan metode pembelajaran berbasis Bahasa Inggris adalah masih terdapat beberapa anak yang belum bisa menulis dan membaca Bahasa inggri dikelas rendah. Solusinya guru harus menentukan sendiri strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan dengan menyesuaikan kondisi anak usia SD.
REALISASI GERAKAN LITERASI DIGITAL SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI GERAKAN LITERASI NASIONAL DI SEKOLAH MUHAMMADIYAH PANGKALAN BUN
Authors: Putri Izzah Iswara Mundhofir , Rmiyanti Rmiyanti , Ningsih Endang Rahayu
Published: March 2021

The problem of this research is how the realization of the digital literacy movement as a form of implementation of GLN in Muhammadiyah Pangkalan Bun School and what factors influence the implementation of digital literacy at Muhammadiyah Pangkalan Bun School. This research method is descriptive qualitative, which describes factually the factors that influence the implementation of digital literacy at Muhammadiyah Pangkalan Bun School. Data collection was carried out by means of observation, interview and questionnaire distribution. The data analysis of this research was carried out inductively, namely the analysis technique that went from fact to theory. This study uses theoretical triangulation, which is to double-check the validity of the research data with existing related theories. The results of this study indicate that digital literacy at Muhammadiyah Pangkalan Bun School is realized in the form of hardware such as laptops, projectors, speakers, and WiFi. Several factors influence the implementation of digital literacy, namely: (1) The location of the school which is the access in and out of the general public. (2) The location of the school which is one area with a lower level of school (TK ABA, SD Muhammadiyah Pangkalan Bun, SMP Muhammadiyah Pangkalan Bun). (3) Different students' backgrounds.
PENERAPAN LITERASI DIGITAL di SMP NEGERI 20 SURAKARTA
Authors: Fernanda Fairly Fabiola Hendrik , Rahmawati Laili Etika , Putri Irsha Oktavimadani , Nur’aini Risma
Published: March 2021

The phenomenon of using social media as online media has increasingly developed in this decade. Young people as a millennial or digital native generation are the biggest users in the use of social media today. In implementing digital literacy schools must monitor students in accessing social media. So the teachers must really be able to supervise and sort out digital literacy that is suitable for their students. In learning activities students prefer digital literacy that is applied compared to normal teaching and learning activities. Because in digital literacy learning students more easily understand every material delivered. This study aims to determine the good and bad effects of the application of digital literacy in schools today. The method used in this research is qualitative. So the teachers can apply it properly and correctly. Teachers must be smarter and more creative in developing digital literacy in the learning taught. So that digital literacy can be used and utilized by teachers in conducting learning.
A inovação na explicação da lealdade: extensão do modelo ACSI
Authors: Sousa Eduardo Mesquita de , Lopes Evandro Luiz , Herrero Eliane , Costa Priscila Rezende
Published: March 2021

O modelo American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) mede as dimensões qualidade percebida, expectativa do consumidor, valor percebido e recuperação de falhas na satisfação e lealdade dos consumidores. O objetivo, neste estudo, foi entender o papel da inovação percebida em serviço na explicação da lealdade. Utilizamos o modelo ACSI para mensurar a lealdade do consumidor de serviços em uma amostra de 232 clientes de academias de ginástica, com mensuração da inovação percebida pelos mesmos. As variáveis explicaram a satisfação e lealdade dos clientes, exceto a qualidade percebida, que não apresentou significância na explicação da satisfação. A inovação percebida, incorporada ao modelo, mostrou ser antecedente relevante na explicação da lealdade do consumidor de serviços.Palavras-chave: satisfação e lealdade do consumidor, modelo ACSI, inovação percebida.
Autoelogio e imagem de si em Nietzsche
Authors: Tavares Santos Silva Fabrício
Published: March 2021

Pensamos aqui o autoelogio em Nietzsche como resgate de um gesto filosófico-ético-estético antigo; algo como uma retomada de valores estéticos para reelaborar modos de existência que busquem superar determinados valores do cristianismo e da modernidade filosófica. Nesse sentido, perguntamos como as distorções do pensamento de Nietzsche lhe foram oportunas para que pudesse construir certas imagens intempestivas sobre si mesmo; e, também, como a retórica autoelogiosa de Nietzsche serviu para que pudesse afirmar seu pensamento diante de maus leitores, ou até mesmo de falsificadores, lançando assim sua filosofia como um dardo para o futuro.
Mechanism and Mathematical Model of Н2S Chemisorption on Modified Bentonite
Authors:   Lviv State University of Vital Activity Safety, 35 Kleparivska str., 79000 Lviv, Ukraine, Stepova Kateryna , Gumnitskyy Yaroslav ,   Lviv National Polytechnic University, 12 S. Bandery str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Maquarrie Duncan ,   Centre for Clean Technology, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
Published: March 2021

New H2S adsorbent was synthesized on the basis of bentonite. It was analyzed using elemental and BET surface area analysis. Models and mathematical representations of mechanisms that govern the chemisorption of hydrogen sulfide on the chemically treated bentonite were presented. The models adequacy was assessed by means of statistic t-criterion.
Combustion Properties of Several Species of WoodCombustion Properties of Several Species of Wood
Authors:   Instituto de Macromoleculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro – Centro de Technologia, Bloco J., Cidade Universitaria, C.P.:68525, 21945-970, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, Dos Santos Andre , Dias Marcos ,   Instituto de Macromoleculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro – Centro de Technologia, Bloco J., Cidade Universitaria, C.P.:68525, 21945-970, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, Antonelli David ,   Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
Published: March 2021

Mesoporous niobium oxide (Nb2O5) was synthesized and treated with naphthalene sulfonated formaldehyde resin (NSF) solution. These new inorganic-organic hybrid composites were characterized by different techniques. Results indicated that the pores of the nanostructured material are filled with the NSF resin with changes in the morphology and thermal properties of the mesoporous Nb2O5
The Use of Solid State NMR to Characterize High Density Polyethylene/Organoclay Nanocomposites
Authors:   Instituto de Macromoleculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco J., Ilha do Fundao, PO Box 68525, 21945-970, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Rodrigues Tathiane , Tavares Maria ,   Instituto de Macromoleculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco J., Ilha do Fundao, PO Box 68525, 21945-970, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Soares Igor ,   Instituto de Macromoleculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco J., Ilha do Fundao, PO Box 68525, 21945-970, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Moreira Ana ,   RioPol, Balneário Jardim Santa Clara, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Ferreira Antonio ,   DQ/UFSCar, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
Published: March 2021

Recently the development of new materials, in special polymeric nanocomposites, formed by polymer and layered silicates, have gained attention. In this work nanocomposites based on high-density polyethylene matrix (HDPE) and organically modified clay were prepared by melt processing and characterized by the determination of proton spin-lattice relaxation time through solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This work has a proposal to add one quantitative technique to help the researchers to better evaluate polymeric nanocomposite, because NMR is an important tool employed to study both molecular structure and dynamic molecular behavior. The nanocomposites were mixed in a twin-screw extruder, varying the shear rate parameter: 60 and 90 rpm at 463 K. Nanocomposites obtained were characterized through X-ray diffraction; thermal analysis; impact resistance and nuclear magnetic resonance. The T1H results showed that the samples present different molecular domains according to the clay dispersion, forming an intercalated and/or exfoliated nanocomposites. The measurement of relaxation time, using low field NMR, is a useful method to evaluate changes in the molecular mobility of nanocomposite and can infer whether the sample is exfoliated and/or intercalated, since lamellar filler is used.
Chemical Modification of Dianic Epoxy Resin by Fluorine-Containing Alcohols
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 St. Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Bratychak Michael , Shust Olena ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 St. Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Astakhova Olena ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 St. Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Shyshchak Olena ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 St. Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
Published: March 2021

New epoxy resins with fluorine atoms have been synthesized via chemical modification of dianic epoxy resin with fluorine-containing alhocols-telomers C7, C9 and C13, using benzyltriethylammonium chloride and KOH as a catalyst system. Their characteristics have been examined. The structure of synthesized products has been confirmed by IR-spectroscopy. It has been shown that new epoxy resins may be used as active plasticizers for industrial epoxy resin.
Polyurethanes in Biological Media
Authors:   N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences 4 Kosygin str., 119991 Moscow, Russia, Gumargalieva Klara , Zimina Lidiya ,   N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences 4 Kosygin str., 119334 Moscow, Russia, Zaikov Gennady ,   N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences 4 Kosygin str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

This paper provides information about macrokinetics of the degradation of polyesterurethanes in model biological media. Special attention was paid to stability of segmented polyurethanes in blood and development of colloid structures at long incubation in blood serum.
Nanoscale Effects in Temperature Induced Polymer Coatings
Authors:   Institute for Polymer Chemistry, Universitaet Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany, Bulychev Nikolay , Wurst Frederik ,   Institute for Polymer Chemistry, Universitaet Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany, Fomin Viktor ,   Nonlinear Wave Mechanics and Technology Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Bardina str., 119991 Moscow, Russia, Schauer Thadeus ,   Research Institute for Pigments and Coatings, Allmandring 37, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany, Eisenbach Claus ,   Institute for Polymer Chemistry, Universitaet Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany,   Research Institute for Pigments and Coatings, Allmandring 37, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Published: March 2021

In this paper the results of recent studies on the application of lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phenomena of polymer solutions to the surface modification of flat and spherical substrates are reported. It has been found that controlled polymer deposition can be achieved at temperatures exceeding LCST. The obtained polymer coating exhibits a peculiar surface morphology and, if particles are introduced, can be highly effective in pigment dispersions stabilizing. It has been established that the temperature induced polymer deposition can be carried out as the finely dispersed component precipitation on the substrate surface that goes along with the polymer deposition at temperatures exceeding LCST, which in its turn allows to modify the pigments surface when finely dispersed additives are incorporated into the surface modifying coating.
Antimicrobial Packaging Materials from Poly(Lactic Acid) Incorporated with Pectin-Nisaplin® Microparticles
Authors:   Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19095, USA, Liu LinShu , Jin Tony ,   Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19095, USA, Finkenstadt Victoria ,   National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, Liu Cheng-Kung ,   Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19095, USA, Cooke Peter ,   Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19095, USA, Coffin David ,   Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19095, USA, Hicks Kevin ,   Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19095, USA, Samer Charlie ,   Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 7201 Hamilton Blvd., Allentown, PA 18195, USA
Published: March 2021

The thermostability of nisin and Nisaplin® was investigated in the presence and absence of pectin. By mixing with pectin, both nisin and Nisaplin® were able to inhibit microbial growth, even after heating to 433 K. In contrast, without pectin, the nisin was totally inactivated after heat treatment. Nisin and pectin in solution were complexed, as shown by atomic force microscopic analysis. Probably, the complex formation between the polysaccharide and the polypeptide improves the nisin thermostability; however, a detailed mechanism remains to be resolved. Thin membranes were prepared by co-extrusion of poly(lactic acid) and microparticles of pectin-Nisaplin®. Despite the high extrusion temperatures, the presence of pectin protected the biological activity of nisin and the resultant membranes were antimicrobial and could be used as an inner layer of multi-layer packaging materials for active packaging.
Application of Ozone in Medicine
Authors:   Institute of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Rakovsky Slavcho , Zaikov Gennady ,   Institute of Biochemical Physics, 117 334 Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

This review deals with the application of ozone in medicine, its effects on the human organism and its use as a therapeutic approach and sterilizing agent. A particular attention is paid to the therapeutic properties, therapeutic dosage and scope of application. Some mechanisms of the ozone effect at exposure on different organs and systems in human body are also considered. Ozone toxicity is reviewed. The ozone use as a sterilizing agent in the pharmaceutical industry and cosmetics, as well as in the food processing industry is discussed.
醫療的人性關懷——對生命的敬畏
Authors: HSIAO Hung En
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.“醫乃仁術”為中國歷來醫學之理念，“仁心仁術”更是當今醫療化之社會的期望﹔只是“仁心仁術”不能僅為一份善意，必要表顯於實際行動的對待，而醫療實踐的關鍵即在於生理、病理客觀呈現之“疾病”(disease) 的查察與個體 (individual) 或作為一位格實在之個人 (person) 主觀感受之病痛 (illness) 觀照此二面相 (dimension) 的綜合，而醫師的診斷或診療也就在此一綜合上的成就。另一方面，在當今醫療社會化的處境下， 整個社會對醫學的倚賴已不僅是個人之病症的解除，而且及於價值判斷的化約為醫師專業的診斷，某些一般人所面對的棘手問題（尤其是心理、精神方面的問題）都歸到了醫學的專業判斷上！這更是加重了醫學專業明辨的社會責任與對公共利益的觀護之承擔。由之，我們不難感受到，我們需要的是一個敬畏生命、熱愛生命、具人性關懷的醫學與社會醫療， 而不僅是一個醫療化的社會！我們希望面對的醫者是一個活生生、有熱度的人，而不僅是一名技術高起的專業工匠罷了！Practicing in deeds is historically one of the basic ideas of Chinese medicine. Benevolence entertained at heart and practiced in deeds is even more at present the expectance of today’s socialized medical treatment system. Yet, benevolence entertained at heart and practiced in deeds can not merely be a good will, it has to present itself on the treatment of practical acts. The key point of medical practice exists in the synthesis of viewing the two dimensions of examining the objectively presenting physiological and pathological diseases and interpreting the subjectively perceiving illnesses of an individual patient – a person, that is. The diagnosis and treatment by a doctor are also based on the achievement by this synthesis. Furthermore, in the situations of socialized medical treatment today, the dependence on medicine of the whole society is not only to relieve symptoms of a disease, but also to reach the judgment of values that is reduced to the diagnosis of medical professionals. Some of the thorny problems that people will face, especially the psychological and psychiatric ones, belong to the judgments of medical professionals. The burden of social responsibility is added to the medical professions when one thinks carefully and clearly about public interests. Hence, it is not difficult for us to feel that what we need is the medicine and medical treatments of a society which is life-revering, life-loving and people-caring, not a solely medically-treated society. We hope the doctor we visit is a caring and amiable medical professional, not merely a professional technician with exceptional skills.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 45 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
中國文化視野中的人與動物關係問題——以異種移植為例
Authors: LEI Ruipeng
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.在不同的文化中，關於如何對待動物是可接受的或者說人與動物的關係問題存在各種不同的觀點。本文主要從中國文化的視角來討論和分析這一倫理問題，梳理儒釋道三種思想體系中所包含的生態倫理思想，分析它們對人與動物關係問題的態度，尤其是對異種移植中使用動物問題的倫理論證的有益啟示。從儒家的視角，以貫穿儒家理論與實踐體系的仁愛思想為主線，揭示出由親而疏、由近及遠地踐行“仁”，是完善和提升人性的必要途徑，也是實現普遍的愛的現實的人類行動方式。儒家強調“愛物”的美德， 但不排斥在得到倫理辯護的基礎上使用動物﹔從佛家的視角，以“不殺生”的戒律和“十界論”的生命觀為基礎， 闡明佛家哲學對動物生命的絕對尊重與保護﹔從道家的視角，以“道法自然”和“ 厚德載物”思想為線索，釐清道家哲學崇尚自然、順乎自然的中心思想，以及對不干預自然秩序的強調。In different cultures there is a spectrnm of opinions regarding what it is acceptable to do to animals, including whether it is morally acceptable or not to use them as a source of organs or tissues for transplants. This essay attempts to discuss these ethical issues in the Chinese cultural context. Chinese culture is primarily the combination of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. There are diverse attitudes towards nature and differing views about the relationship of humans to animals. Confucianism emphasizes the principle of ren (benevolence) and demonstrates that the method of practicing ren is from near to far, from parents/siblings to other relatives, friends, co-workers, neighbors, patients, students etc, from present generation to future generations, from human beings to other animals, plants and eco-system or nature as a whole. On the other hand, Confucianism holds that humanity is most valuable in the world, certainly of a higher order than that of animals. These views would be compatible with the limited use of animals in medical procedures where the benefit to humans is clear, demonstrable and large. Buddhism emphasizes simple, non-violent, gentle living. Its first precept involves abstention from injury to life, and not depriving a living being of life. These views may entail a direct prohibition on the use of animals for medical purpose. Taoism places the harmony between human beings and nature in general in high esteem. It recognizes that human beings are not separate from nature but a small part of the natural world. Human beings should not seek to dominate or interfere with nature, but should instead stand in a relationship of care and concern for its continued flourishing. Accordingly, Daoism might regard any form of xenotransplantation as an unacceptable intervention with nature.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 239 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
從道家的道德視域看人權與生命倫理
Authors: CHAN Jonathan
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.於 2005 年9 月30 日至10 月2 日期間，在加拿大蒙特利爾(Montréal) 一個討論人權及基本藥物獲取的研討會上，與會者草擬了一份名為〈蒙特利爾獲取基本藥物的人權宣言〉 (以下簡稱〈宣言〉)。該〈宣言〉主要是針對貧窮國家的人民無法獲得基本藥物去治療一些普通的疾病，而備受痛苦煎熬的狀況，並指出“我們有責任去達成一種社會的和國際的秩序，在這種秩序中的人權，包括取得基本藥物的權利，是獲得充分實現的。這項責任必須在制度和政制策劃上確認及體現出來。在個別國家及全球層面上，那些政策、規則和制度必須促使‘取得基本藥物’這一權利得以實現。”本文並不反對為貧國人民爭取合理的待遇，本文所要探討的是〈宣言〉把社會及國際秩序奠基在人權 (包括取得基本藥物的權利) 是否有充分的理論根據這一問題。本文的基本論旨是：人權倘若被理解為一種自由主義式的自然權利，那麼人權就並非人類的共同道德的核心。本文通過泰勒 (Charles Taylor) 稱之為“原子論 ”(Atomism) 的一種社會哲學觀點來說明自由主義式的自然權利的性質，並由此而證成上述論旨。如此一來，〈宣言〉把社會及國際秩序奠基在人權(包括取得基本藥物的權利)是否有充分的理論根據就不無疑問。An international workshop entitled Human Rights and Access to Essential Medicines: The Way Forward was held from September 30 to October 2, 2005 in Montréal, Canada. At the conclusion of the workshop, the participants drafted the Montréal Statement on the Human Right to Essential Medicines, which was reprinted in a paper written by Thomas Pogge. Article 3 of the statement claims that we have a responsibility to achieve a social and international order in which human rights—including the right to essential medicines—are fully realized and that this obligation must be recognized and reflected in the design of institutions and policies. I examine that claim in this essay, and argue that if the concept of rights is understood as liberal rights, then the claim is dubious. Liberal rights imply an individualistic moral perspective that not all moral traditions endorse, including Daoism. This will be shown by analyzing the nature of liberal rights in terms of atomism, the philosophical doctrine that Charles Taylor uses to characterize liberal thought.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 234 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
A class of functionals possessing multiple global minima
Authors: Ricceri Biagio
Published: March 2021

"We get a new multiplicity result for gradient systems. Here is a very particular corollary: Let $\Omega\subset
{\bf R}^n$ ($n\geq 2$) be a smooth bounded domain and let $\Phi:{\bf R}^2\to {\bf R}$ be a $C^1$ function, with $\Phi(0,0)=0$,
such that
$$\sup_{(u,v)\in {\bf R}^2}\frac{|\Phi_u(u,v)|+|\Phi_v(u,v)|}{1+|u|^p+|v|^p}<+\infty$$
where $p>0$, with $p=\frac{2}{n-2}$ when $n>2$.\\
Then, for every convex set $S\subseteq L^{\infty}(\Omega)\times L^{\infty}(\Omega)$ dense in $L^2(\Omega)\times
L^2(\Omega)$, there exists $(\alpha,\beta)\in S$ such that the problem
$$-\Delta u=(\alpha(x)\cos(\Phi(u,v))-\beta(x)\sin(\Phi(u,v)))\Phi_u(u,v)\hskip 5pt \hbox {\rm in}\hskip 5pt \Omega$$
$$-\Delta v= (\alpha(x)\cos(\Phi(u,v))-\beta(x)\sin(\Phi(u,v)))\Phi_v(u,v)\hskip 5pt \hbox {\rm in}\hskip 5pt \Omega$$
$$u=v=0\hskip 5pt \hbox {\rm on}\hskip 5pt \partial\Omega$$
has at least three weak solutions, two of which are global minima in $H^1_0(\Omega)\times H^1_0(\Omega)$ of the functional
$$(u,v)\to \frac{1}{2}\left ( \int_{\Omega}|\nabla u(x)|^2dx+\int_{\Omega}|\nabla v(x)|^2dx\right )$$
$$-\int_{\Omega}(\alpha(x)\sin(\Phi(u(x),v(x)))+\beta(x)\cos(\Phi(u(x),v(x))))dx\ .$$"
Nonstandard Dirichlet problems with competing (p,q)-Laplacian, convection, and convolution
Authors: Motreanu Dumitru , Motreanu Viorica Venera
Published: March 2021

"The paper focuses on a nonstandard Dirichlet problem driven by the operator $-\Delta_p +\mu\Delta_q$, which is a competing $(p,q)$-Laplacian with
lack of ellipticity if $\mu>0$, and exhibiting a reaction term in the form of a
convection (i.e., it depends on the solution and its gradient)
composed with the convolution of the solution with an integrable
function. We prove the existence of a generalized solution through a
combination of fixed-point approach and approximation. In the case $\mu\leq 0$, we obtain the existence of a weak solution to the
respective elliptic problem."
The sum theorem for maximal monotone operators in reflexive Banach spaces revisited
Authors: Voisei Mircea D.
Published: March 2021

The goal of this note is to present a new shorter proof for the maximal monotonicity of the Minkowski sum of two maximal monotone multi-valued operators defined in a reflexive Banach space under the classical interiority condition involving their domains.
Pasión por vivir, pasión por crear. La poesía de Ana María Fagundo: una estética singular
Authors: Sánchez Dueñas Blas
Published: March 2021

Ana María Fagundo fue una poeta independiente y singular que hizo de la literatura un espacio propio desde el que indagar en pos del conocimiento y desde el que forjar un proyecto vital exclusivo como persona y como creadora. Desde la composición de su primer libro, la poesía pasó a convertirse en parte indisoluble de su ser y de su estar en el mundo hasta llegar a configurar un paisanaje literario propio vertebrado sobre dos claves esenciales: la creación como ámbito autóctono desde el que conformar vidas a través de la palabra y la defensa y afirmación de la vida frente al vacío y la incomunicación de las sociedades postmodernas. La presente investigación se centra en el análisis de estos dos aspectos por considerase como principios indispensables de su concepción poética y en abrir nuevas propuestas discursivas con respecto a otras particularidades de su obra con especial atención a su libro Desde Chanatel, el canto, al reunirse en él algunos de los motivos medulares de su particular universo lírico.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PENERAPAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH KONVERSI PADA BANK ACEH SYARIAH
Authors: Sharah Ranny , Haridhi Musfiari
Published: March 2021

This study aims to see differences in the implementation of Good Corporate Governance in Bank Aceh Syariah before and after cut off. The type of this study is descriptive qualitative. The object of this study is Good Corporate Governance Bank Aceh Syariah. The type of data is secondary data as corporate annual reports of 2014-2017. The results of this study show that there was no significant difference in the implementation of Good Corporate Governance in Bank Aceh Syariah for the year of this research. The mechanism and tools for the effective implementation  of  Good  Corporate  Governance  are  relatively  the  same.  There  was  additional  organizational structure after cut off in the implementation of Good Corporate Governance with the establishment of a Sharia Supervisory Board, tasked with overseeing the business activities of the bank to fit the Fatwa of The National Sharia Council
Blood rheological and electrical properties and relationships with the microvascular tone regulation in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Antonova N. M. , Paskova V. K. , Velcheva I. V.
Published: March 2021

Aim. The study aims to evaluate impairment of the rheological and electrical properties of blood, plasma viscosity and blood conductivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in comparison with the data of the control group of healthy individuals. It also aims to investigate the changes of the skin blood flow responses to cold stress in T2DM patients through wavelet analysis of the peripheral skin temperature pulsations and to estimate their relationships with the blood viscosity and blood conductivity parameters, obtained from the simulation of experimental data with mathematical equations.

Materials and methods. The whole blood viscosity was measured by Contraves LS30 viscometer (Switzerland) at a steady flow in 9 healthy individuals and in 13 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Time variation of whole blood conductivity σ under transient flow at rectangular and trapezium shaped Couette viscometric flow and under electric field of 2 kHz was determined. The amplitudes of the skin temperature pulsations (ASTP) were monitored by «Microtest» device («FM-Diagnostics», Russia). To analyze the temperature fluctuations, wavelet transformation analysis of the low amplitude oscillations of skin temperature in accordance with myogenic (0.05–0.14 Hz), neurogenic (0.02–0.05 Hz), and endothelial (0.0095–0.02 Hz) control mechanisms of the vascular tone (WAST method) was applied.

Results. Blood viscosity was increased in the T2DM patients’ group, while blood conductivity decreased in comparison to controls. Two sigmoidal equations were applied to describe the kinetics of blood conductivity. Both models include conductivity indices (σ1 , σ2 , σ3 ) and time indices too. The Pearson correlations between these parameters and the ASTP in the frequency ranges, corresponding to the myogenic, neurogenic and endothelial mechanisms of the microcirculation tone regulation were analyzed. The correlation analysis revealed good ASTP–(σ1 , σ2 , σ3 ) relationships in the neurogenic range 3 minutes after the cold test, while the ASTP–(σ1 , σ2 , σ3 ) correlation in the myogenic frequency range before the cold test was negative (r<–0.8, p<0.5).

Conclusion. The results complement the studies of the microvascular regulatory mechanisms and endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as their relationships with the rheological and electrical properties of blood.
Hydrogen sulfide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system
Authors: Tikhomirova I. A. , Petrochenko E. P. , Petrochenko A. S.
Published: March 2021

The review discusses published data on the effect of hydrogen sulfide on the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Hydrogen sulfide has become the third gas molecule, along with NO and CO, which was classified as gasotransmitters – signaling molecules, a unique feature of which is their ability to easily penetrate the cell membrane due to their good solubility in lipids. Signal transduction with the participation of gasotransmitters significantly differs from classical concepts – there is no need for either special membrane receptors or transport systems, gasotransmitters realize their effect practically in the zone of their biosynthesis, which makes such regulation fast and accurate. In the cardiovascular system, hydrogen sulfide has shown a pronounced cardioprotective effect, especially pronounced in conditions of hypertension and myocardial ischemia. Along with NO, hydrogen sulfide is the most important regulator of vascular tone, while it affects both the properties of the endothelium and regulates the contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells. The role of H2 S in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension and the therapeutic potential of this gasotransmitter and its derivatives in arterial hypertension treatment both in animal models and in clinical studies have been demonstrated. Experimental data confirming the participation of hydrogen sulfide in the processes of angiogenesis and in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis were published. For the cardiovascular system, the main function of which is the oxygen supply to organs and tissues, the ability of this gasotransmitter to influence the blood system and act as an oxygen sensor seems to be important. Hydrogen sulfide affects the functional properties of platelets, thrombus stability and microvascular thrombolysis; there is experimental evidence of the effect of H2S on the microrheological properties of erythrocytes and the process of erythrogenesis. And although the mechanisms of the effect of hydrogen sulfide have not yet been sufficiently studied, there is evidence that all gasotransmitters are in close interaction and their joint action gives a synergistic effect.
A Novel Sirolimus-eluting Biodegradable Magnesium-based Alloy Scaffold: Six-month Results In Porcine Peripheral Arteries
Authors: Liu Xin-Nong , Qu Cheng-Jia , Zhang Yong-Bao , Fang Jie , Teng Le-Qun , Zhang Xiang- Yu , Shen Chen-Yang
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Magnesium-based alloy scaffold is a promising biodegradable stent due to its intrinsic mechanical performance and biocompatibility. Based on our preliminary experiments, we designed a novel sirolimus-eluting magnesium-based alloy scaffold. This work aimed to assess its safety and degradation performance in vivo.

Methods: The scaffolds were implanted in the lower limb arteries of Bama mini-pigs. Safety was defined as no immediate thrombosis or >30% residual stenosis, which was assessed with optical coherence tomography and digital subtraction angiography. Blood biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate hepatorenal toxicity. The degradation process of the scaffolds, the endothelialization, and lumen loss of the stented-vessels were detected with scanning electron microscopy, immunohistochemical, hematoxylin-eosin staining and optical coherence tomography.

Results: Twenty-four scaffolds were successfully implanted in six pigs with no signs of immediate thrombosis or >30% residual stenosis. The scaffolds were covered by endothelium at one month and absolutely resorbed at six months post implantation. Blood analysis showed that the hepatorenal function except for alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase was normal. Obvious intimal hyperplasia and lumen loss were found in the stented vessels at three months, while the diameters and inner lumen areas of stented segments had increased significantly at six months (p
Spring 2021: Clinician Investigator Trainee Association Of Canada (CITAC)
Authors: Phuong Melissa S. Phuong , Castanov Valera , Hu Sophie Hu, MSc , Jomaa Danny , Wang Wenxuan , Whittaker Heather , Pietrobon Adam
Published: March 2021

The Clinician Investigator Trainee Association of Canada (CI) trainees across the country around the common goal of improving training conditions for those pursuing a career at the junction of research and medicine. Since then, the CI training landscape has shifted dramatically. The number of Canadian CI trainees enrolled totaling 289 MD-PhD trainees and 389 Clinical Investigator Program (CIP) trainees as of 2019 [1]. Alumni outcome data have presented conclusive evidence that MD-PhD training programs are effective in producing CI careers [2–4].
Regional Linkages of Agroforestry Production Value Chain (Case Study in Kon and Ba River Basin)
Authors: Huu Xuan Nguyen , Thinh Nguyen An
Published: March 2021

This research aims to set a foundation for the establishment of the Ba and Kon river basins’ regional linkages between the Central Highlands and the South Central region according to the value chain of plantation timber and sugarcane. The research uses data collection and statistical analysis methods to establish a database for linking planting, processing, and consumption of plantation timber and sugarcane. The research adopts the Rural Rapid Assessment (RRA) method to assess the efficiency of wood linkages along the value chain of plantation timber goods and uses SWOT analysis to assess strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges for regional linkages of the plantation timber value chain. The research results show that the Ba and Kon river basins have great potentials for the production of sugarcane and plantation timber. In these basins, there have been many models linking along the value chain of goods, linking the stages of production, purchase, transportation, processing, and consumption in order to increase the value of goods. The study has established areas specializing in sugarcane cultivation and concentrated planted forest areas with wood processing factories, and sugar factories in these two river basins. Regional linkages in the basins of the Ba and Kon rivers for the plantation timber and sugar cane value chain are established according to a number of major traffic routes such as national roads 19, 19C, 25 and 29.
Trend of health worker’s strike at a Tertiary Health Institution in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Nyango Dalyop Davou , Mutihir Josiah Turi
Published: March 2021

Objectives:

Workers’ strike is a global phenomenon since antiquity. In Nigeria, health-care sector has been rocked by series of strikes spanning variable periods with immeasurable losses. Ethical consideration and inter-professional rivalry are the main concern attracting much debate in the health sector. The objectives of the study were to determine the trend of health worker’s strike actions, the main agitators, and to make some recommendations.

Material and Methods:

This was a retrospective study of the labor ward records of the Jos University Teaching Hospital from January 1, 1985, to December 31, 2019, duration of 35 years. The data were collated and analyzed using simple percentages and the figures corrected to the nearest decimal point.

Results:

A total of 42 strike actions, about 2 strikes/year. The trend shows a multi-modal pattern, with the highest peak of 5 strikes in 2004 and 2013. There were cumulatively 58.5 months of strikes out of the 442 months of the period of study, giving a percentage of 13.2%. While doctors had more frequent strikes (52.3%), non-doctors under the umbrella of Joint Health Sector Union and nurse/midwives accounted for over half (58.1%) of the duration of the strikes. The resident doctors are the main agitators of doctors’ strike accounting for about half (45.2%) of the total health workers’ strikes, while NMA accounted for only 3 (9.4.%). Most strike actions occur at the end of the year, with spill into the first quarter of the following year.

Conclusion:

Health workers’ strike remains a perennial problem. Inter-professional rivalry is a major challenge in the health sector with far reaching implication without immediate government intervention. Addressing challenges in the residency training program will go a long way in reducing doctors’ unrest in the health sector.