bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pubertal muscle mass and diabetes markers in chinese adolescents
Authors: Lin Shi Lin , Lee So Lun , Hui Lai Ling , Au Yeung Shiu Lun , Tse Michael A. , Leung Gabriel M. , Schooling C. Mary.
Published: January 2012

Objectives: Diabetes is common in China despite a relatively nonobese population. We hypothesized that testosterone driven muscle mass acquisition at puberty may be relevant. We examined the associations of testosterone with muscle mass and of muscle mass with fasting glucose in Chinese adolescents.

Methods: In 40 adolescents (20 boys and 20 girls, age 12.9 ± 0.1 years) from Hong Kong's “Children of 1997” birth cohort, we used multivariable linear regression to assess adjusted associations of testosterone and fasting glucose (from a morning blood sample) with muscle and fat mass from a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan.

Results: Testosterone was positively associated with muscle mass (0.05 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01 to 0.09, per pg/ml testosterone). Muscle mass was associated with lower glucose (−0.04 mmol/l, 95% CI −0.08 to −0.01 per kg muscle mass) adjusted for sex and fat mass.

Conclusions: Environmentally driven muscle mass acquisition at puberty could influence diabetes. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adenylate kinase genetic polymorphism and spontaneous abortion
Authors: Gloria‐Bottini Fulvia , Nicotra Maria , Amante Ada , Pietropolli Adalgisa , Neri Anna , Bottini Egidio , Magrini Andrea
Published: January 2012

Objective:

Recent studies on healthy puerperae suggest that Adenylate kinase locus 1 (Ak1) genetic polymorphism could be involved in intrauterine selection. In this article, we have searched for a possible relationship between Ak1 polymorphism and spontaneous abortion.

Methods:

178 women with primary repeated spontaneous abortion (RSA), 487 healthy consecutive puerperae, 251 puerperae with diabetes, and 361 consecutive healthy female newborns from the White Caucasian population of Central Italy delivered at the Maternal Department have been studied.

In these subjects, Ak1 phenotype was determined to study the relationship between this enzyme and spontaneous abortion.

Results:

The proportion of Ak12‐1 phenotype is higher in women with history of two or more spontaneous abortion than in puerperae with a negative history of spontaneous abortion and in female newborns infants (O.R. 1.930; 95%C.I. 1.113–3.280). Moreover, RSA women carrying the Ak12‐1 phenotype have a reduced probability of having live‐born infants.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest a reduced reproductive efficiency of women carrying the Ak12‐1 phenotype: this observation could have practical importance in predicting the probability of reproductive success in couples with RSA and in the practice of in vitro fertilization. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sex ratios in the arctic—do man‐made chemicals matter?
Authors: Bjerregaard Peter , Chatwood Susan , Denning Bryany , Joseph Lawrence , Young T. Kue
Published: January 2012

Objectives:

The objective was to analyze the variation of secondary sex ratios across the Arctic and to estimate the time trend. The rationale for this was claims in news media that, in the Arctic, sex ratios have become reduced due to exposure to anthropogenic contaminants in the environment.

Methods:

Data was collected from 27 circumpolar jurisdictions from public websites of the eight Arctic countries. Sex ratios at birth were calculated for each jurisdiction and each available year. Linear regression models of the sex ratios across time were fit within each jurisdiction to estimate the change in sex ratio over time.

Results:

All male:female sex ratios were close to 1.05 with time trends close to 0. In a Bayesian hierarchical model overall sex ratio was estimated at 1.054 (95% confidence interval 1.048, 1.058). The estimate for the 10‐year slope across all jurisdictions was 0.0010 (95% confidence interval −0.0021, 0.0046). Separate analyses of indigenous populations in Alaska and Greenland gave similar results and similar sex ratios were found among Greenland Inuit in 1900 and today.

Conclusions:

The absence of deviation of the secondary sex ratio in any of the Arctic jurisdictions indicates that the contaminants that are present are not disrupting endocrine systems to the extent that sex ratios are being affected. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of ADA1 mother–fetus and wife–husband phenotypic differences on the ratio birth weight/placental weight in fertile women and on reproductive success in couples with RSA
Authors: Gloria‐Bottini Fulvia , Nicotra Maria , Amante Ada , Ambrosi Sara , Cozzoli Eliana , Saccucci Patrizia , Bottini Egidio , Magrini Andrea
Published: January 2012

Objectives:

To study the effect Adenosine Deaminase locus 1 (ADA1) mother–fetus and wife–husband phenotypic differences on the ratio Birth Weight/Placental Weight (BW/PW) in fertile women and on reproductive success in couples with repeated spontaneous abortion (RSA).

Methods:

209 couples with primary RSA and a consecutive series of 379 healthy puerperae with their newborn infants from the White Caucasian population of central Italy were studied. In primary RSA women reproductive success was indicated by the presence of at least one live‐born infant within 5 years of follow up. Two way contingency tables were analyzed by chi‐square.

Results:

The proportion of primary RSA couples with at least a live‐born infant shows the highest value in couples mother ADA11/father carrier of ADA1*2 allele (55.2%) and the lowest value in reciprocal couples mother carrier of ADA1*2 allele /father ADA11 (18.7 %) (O.R. = 5.33; P = 0.023). The highest ratio BW/PW is observed in the class mother ADA11/newborn carrier of ADA1*2 allele while the lowest ratio is observed in the reciprocal class mother carrier of ADA1*2 allele/ newborn ADA11.

Conclusions:

Differences between mother and fetus in ADA1 phenotype may influence the ratio BW/PW in healthy women and reproductive success in RSA women. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brief communication: Two human fossil deciduous molars from the sangiran dome (Java, Indonesia): Outer and inner morphology
Authors: Zanolli Clément , Bondioli Luca , Mancini Lucia , Mazurier Arnaud , Widianto Harry , Macchiarelli Roberto
Published: January 2012

Currently, the human deciduous dental record from the Pleistocene deposits of the Sangiran Dome, Java, consists of only eight specimens. Here we report two deciduous crowns collected near the village of Pucung. While their precise geo‐chronological context remains unknown, a provenance from the Early–Middle Pleistocene Kabuh Formation, or from the Early Pleistocene “Grenzbank Zone,” is very likely. These isolated specimens consist of an upper first molar (PCG.1) and a lower second molar (PCG.2). Taxonomic discrimination of the Indonesian tooth record is difficult because of the convergence in crown size and appearance between Pongo and Homo. Accordingly, as PCG.2 still bears a concretion masking most of its features, we coupled the outer analysis of the two specimens with an investigation of their inner morphology. In addition to external characteristics, virtual imaging and quantitative assessment of inner morphology and tissue proportions support an attribution to the taxon Homo, and we preliminary allocate both specimens toH. erectus. Am J Phys Anthropol 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐dimensional evaluation of root canal morphology in lower second premolars of early and middle pleistocene human populations from atapuerca (Burgos, Spain)
Authors: Prado‐Simón Leyre , Martinón‐Torres María , Baca Pilar , Olejniczak Anthony J. , Gómez‐Robles Aida , Lapresa María , Luis Arsuaga Juan , María Bermúdez de Castro José
Published: January 2012

The aim of this study is to describe the morphology of the roots and root canals of permanent lower second premolars (LP4s) with fully developed roots of five hominin groups: Homo sp. (ATE9‐1 specimen) from Atapuerca‐Sima del Elefante locality, H. antecessor (ATD6‐4 and ATD6‐125) from Atapuerca‐Gran Dolina TD6 locality, H. heidelbergensis from Atapuerca‐Sima de los Huesos locality, H. neanderthalensis from Krapina, Regourdou, and Abri Bourgeois‐Delaunay localities, and two contemporary H. sapiens groups. The teeth were scanned by means of microtomography. The roots were divided into three virtual segments by three planes: cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ), mid‐root (MR), and mid‐apex (MA). Volumetric and planar direct measurements of the whole teeth and each segment were taken. Descriptive statistical analyses and nonparametric Mann‐Whiney test were performed to test for significant differences (P < 0.025) between groups. ATE9‐1 and Gran Dolina‐TD6 fossils present intricate radicular complexes that might be transitional between the morphologies of Australopithecus robustus and African early Homo and the derived conditions typically found in later Homo. In H. neanderthalensis and H. heidelbergensis, the root canals are wide, with small apical convergence. This trait is particularly pronounced in the Sima de los Huesos sample which may reflect a particularity of this population. Our study demonstrates the potential of hominin roots and root canals as untapped sources of taxonomic information when the tooth crown is fragmented. Future studies, including more fossil specimens and species will shed light in the polarity of the morphologies observed. Am J Phys Anthropol 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Development of Bulky Palladium NHC Complexes for the Most‐Challenging Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Valente Cory , Çalimsiz Selçuk , Hoi Ka Hou , Mallik Debasis , Sayah Mahmoud , Organ Michael G.
Published: January 2012

Palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions enable organic chemists to form CC bonds in targeted positions and under mild conditions. Although phosphine ligands have been intensively researched, in the search for even better cross‐coupling catalysts attention has recently turned to the use of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, which form a strong bond to the palladium center. PEPPSI (pyridine‐enhanced precatalyst preparation, stabilization, and initiation) palladium precatalysts with bulky NHC ligands have established themselves as successful alternatives to palladium phosphine complexes. This Review shows the success of these species in Suzuki–Miyaura, Negishi, and Stille–Migita cross‐couplings as well as in amination and sulfination reactions.
Vascular Contrast Enhanced Micro‐CT Imaging of “Radiators” in the Brazilian Free‐Tailed Bat (Tadarida Brasiliensis)
Authors: Reichard Jonathan D. , Kunz Thomas H. , Keller Charles , Prajapati Suresh I.
Published: January 2012

The Brazilian free‐tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) exhibits a highly vascularized, hairless thermal window (or “radiator”) on the proximal ventral surfaces of extended wings and body. We identified this character using thermal infrared imaging and investigated the vasculature using barium sulfate enhanced microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT). Micro‐CT images revealed unique arrangements of arteries and veins in the region of the radiator positioned perpendicular to the axis of the body. Coupling micro‐CT imaging with analysis of surface temperature profiles, we concluded that radiators aid in thermoregulation during flight in variable environments. This study represents the first application of contrast enhanced micro‐CT to visualize vasculature of bats and thus exhibits a promising technique for further investigations of cardiovascular function and anatomy in bats. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Safety and efficacy of ocrelizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to at least one tumor necrosis factor inhibitor: Results of a forty‐eight–week randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group phase III trial
Authors: Tak P. P. , Mease P. J. , Genovese M. C. , Kremer J. , Haraoui B. , Tanaka Y. , Bingham C. O. , Ashrafzadeh A. , Travers H. , Safa‐Leathers S. , Kumar S. , Dummer W.
Published: January 2012

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ocrelizumab plus methotrexate (MTX) or leflunomide (LEF) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors.

Methods

This was a multicenter randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group study that continued over 48 weeks. Patients receiving stable doses of MTX or LEF were randomized to receive 2 infusions of placebo (n = 277), ocrelizumab 200 mg (n = 278), or ocrelizumab 500 mg (n = 285) on days 1 and 15 as well as at weeks 24 and 26. Coprimary end points were the proportion of patients with response according to the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (ACR20) at weeks 24 and 48. Secondary end points included the change from baseline in the modified Sharp/van der Heijde score (SHS) and the ACR50/70 responses.

Results

ACR20 responses were 22.0% in the placebo group, 42.2% in the ocrelizumab 200 mg group, and 47.9% in the ocrelizumab 500 mg group at 24 weeks and 19.5%, 48.7%, and 50.7%, respectively, at 48 weeks (P < 0.0001 versus placebo for each comparison at each time point). At 48 weeks, patients receiving both doses of ocrelizumab showed significantly improved ACR50 and ACR70 responses of ∼3‐fold versus placebo. Only those in the ocrelizumab 500 mg group showed statistically significant (P = 0.0017) inhibition of joint damage progression (mean change in the SHS) relative to placebo (61% inhibition) at 48 weeks. Overall adverse events and infections during the 48 weeks of study were comparable in all treatment groups. Serious infections were observed more frequently in patients taking ocrelizumab (5.1% and 4.3%) than in those taking placebo (2.5%).

Conclusion

Patients in both of the ocrelizumab groups met the clinical primary efficacy end points. Inhibition of change in the SHS was statistically significant at 48 weeks for those in the ocrelizumab 500 mg group. The rate of serious infections in this trial was higher for both ocrelizumab doses as compared with placebo.
The association of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration on magnetic resonance imaging with body mass index in overweight and obese adults: A population‐based study
Authors: Samartzis Dino , Karppinen Jaro , Chan Danny , Luk Keith D. K. , Cheung Kenneth M. C.
Published: January 2012

Objective

To investigate the association of being overweight or obese with the presence, extent, and severity of lumbar disc degeneration on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in adults.

Methods

A population‐based cross‐sectional study of 2,599 southern Chinese volunteers was conducted. Subjects underwent radiographic and clinical assessment, and weight and height were measured. Sagittal T2‐weighted MRIs of the lumbar spine were obtained. The presence, extent, and severity of disc degeneration and additional radiographic and clinical parameters were assessed. Asian‐modified body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) categories were used. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.

Results

The study included 1,040 men and 1,559 women (mean age 41.9 years). Disc degeneration was noted in 1,890 subjects (72.7%). BMI was significantly higher in subjects with disc degeneration (mean 23.3 kg/m2) than in subjects without degeneration (mean 21.7 kg/m2) (P < 0.001). A significant increase in the number of degenerated levels (P < 0.001), global severity of disc degeneration (P < 0.001), and end‐stage disc degeneration with disc space narrowing (P < 0.001) was noted with elevated BMI, in particular in overweight and obese subjects. In the adjusted multivariate logistic regression model, there was a positive linear trend (r2 = 0.99) between BMI and the overall presence of disc degeneration in overweight (OR 1.30 [95% CI 1.03–1.62]) and obese (OR 1.79 [95% CI 1.17–2.74]) subjects. End‐stage disc degeneration with disc space narrowing was significantly more pronounced in obese subjects (adjusted OR 1.72 [95% CI 1.23–2.41] [reference normal weight]).

Conclusion

Our findings, in one of the largest studies to systematically assess lumbar disc degeneration on MRI, indicated a significant association between the presence, extent, and global severity of disc degeneration with weight in overweight and obese adults.
Tuning the Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, and Photovoltaic Properties of Triaryl Amine Based Sensitizers through Ring‐Fused Thiophene Bridges
Authors: Liu Quan , Feng Quan‐You , Yamada Hiroko , Wang Zhong‐Sheng , Ono Noboru , You Xiao‐Zeng , Shen Zhen
Published: January 2012

The ring‐fused thiophene derivatives benzo[c]thiophene and its precursor bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene (BCOD) have been introduced as π‐conjugated spacers for organic push–pull sensitizers with dihexyloxy‐substituted triphenylamine as donor and cyanoacrylic acid as acceptor (OL1, OL2, OL3, OL4, OL5, OL6). The effects of the fused ring on the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of these sensitizers and their photovoltaic performance in dye‐sensitized solar cells have been evaluated. Introduction of a binary benzo[c]thiophene and ethylenedioxy thiophene as π bridge caused a significant red shift of the characteristic intramolecular charge‐transfer band to 642 nm. It is found that the sensitizer OL3, which contains one benzo[c]thiophene unit as π linker, gives the highest overall conversion efficiency of 5.03 % among all these dyes.
Rare case of XX/XY mosaicism and trisomy 13 in early prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Sifakis Stavros , Anagnostopoulou Katherine , Plastira Konstantina , Vrachnis Nikolaos , Konstantinidou Anastasia , Sklavounou Evangelia
Published: January 2012

Coexistence of XX/XY sex mosaicism and autosomal trisomy in prenatal diagnosis is particularly rare. Herein, we report the first, to our knowledge, case of a fetus with cyclopia, ambiguous genitalia and a 47,XX,+13,inv9[47]/47,XY,+13[13] karyotype detected at 13 weeks of gestation after chorionic villus sampling. Molecular analysis after prenatal diagnosis suggests that this is a case of sex mosaicism coexisting with trisomy 13, rather than chimera. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation on luminescence properties of Eu2+‐doped Ba3Al2O5Cl2 phosphor for near‐UV‐excited white LEDs
Authors: Pawade V. B. , Dhoble S. J.
Published: January 2012

Ba3Al2O5Cl2:Eu2+ phosphor was prepared by combustion synthesis (CS). The prepared phosphor was excited at 329 nm; the phosphors shows an efficient bluish‐green wide‐band emission centred at 490 nm, which originates from the 4f6d1 → 4f7 transition of Eu2+ ions. The excitation spectra of the phosphors have a band centred at 329 nm. It was also characterized by XRD, FT–IR for confirmation of phase purity, and FT–IR analysis indicated the vibrations of metal–oxygen (M–O) groups. SEM shows the morphology of the phosphor at the submicron scale. The results indicate that Ba3Al2O5Cl2:Eu2+ phosphor may be applicable for solid‐state lighting purposes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
α‐Tocopheryl phosphate—An activated form of vitamin E important for angiogenesis and vasculogenesis?
Authors: Zingg Jean‐Marc , Meydani Mohsen , Azzi Angelo
Published: January 2012

Vitamin E was originally discovered as a dietary factor essential for reproduction in rats. Since then, vitamin E has revealed many important molecular properties such as the scavenging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species or the modulation of signal transduction and gene expression in antioxidant and nonantioxidant manners. A congenital disease, ataxia with vitamin E deficiency, which is characterized by impaired enrichment of α‐tocopherol (αT) in plasma due to mutations in the α‐tocopherol transfer protein gene, has been discovered. An effect of vitamin E on angiogenesis and vasculogenesis has been observed in several studies, and recently, it has been demonstrated in the placenta of pregnant ewes, possibly involving the stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. We recently observed that the phosphorylated form of αT, α‐tocopheryl phosphate (αTP), increases the expression of VEGF. We propose that the stimulatory effect of αT on angiogenesis and vasculogenesis is potentiated by phosphorylation to αTP, which may act as a cofactor or active lipid mediator increasing VEGF expression. Increased VEGF expression and consequent enhanced angiogenesis and vasculogenesis induced by αTP may explain not only the essential roles of vitamin E on reproduction, but also its beneficial effects against pre‐eclampsia, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and during wound healing. It may also serve as a survival factor for brain and muscle cells. The finding that αTP may regulate vasculogenesis may indicate potential, important pathophysiological implications.
The roles of RGD and grooved topography in the adhesion, morphology, and differentiation of C2C12 skeletal myoblasts
Authors: Wang Peng‐Yuan , Thissen Helmut , Tsai Wei‐Bor
Published: January 2012

Both chemical and topographic cues are crucial for the development of skeletal muscle. In this study, the relative roles of both signals in regard to cell adhesion, morphology, and differentiation of C2C12 skeletal myoblasts were investigated. Grooved polystyrene substrates containing grooves with approximately 900 nm in width with 600 nm ridge spans and 665 nm in depth were conjugated with the cell adhesion peptide arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD). RGD conjugation significantly enhanced the adhesion, growth and differentiation of C2C12 cells. On the other hand, anisotropic topography primarily directed the direction and alignment of myoblasts and myotubes. The results in this study provide information regarding the relative roles of chemical and topographic cues in musculoskeletal myogenesis, and are of interest to applications in muscle tissue engineering. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:2104–2115. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of CO2 availability on the growth, iron oxidation and CO2‐fixation rates of pure cultures of Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
Authors: Bryan C.G. , Davis‐Belmar C.S. , van Wyk N. , Fraser M.K. , Dew D. , Rautenbach G.F , Harrison S.T.L.
Published: January 2012

Understanding how bioleaching systems respond to the availability of CO2 is essential to developing operating conditions that select for optimum microbial performance. Therefore, the effect of inlet gas and associated dissolved CO2 concentration on the growth, iron oxidation and CO2‐fixation rates of pure cultures of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum ferriphilum was investigated in a batch stirred tank system. The minimum inlet CO2 concentrations required to promote the growth of At. ferrooxidans and L. ferriphilum were 25 and 70 ppm, respectively, and corresponded to dissolved CO2 concentrations of 0.71 and 1.57 µM (at 30°C and 37°C, respectively). An actively growing culture of L. ferriphilum was able to maintain growth at inlet CO2 concentrations less than 30 ppm (0.31–0.45 µM in solution). The highest total new cell production and maximum specific growth rates from the stationary phase inocula were observed with CO2 inlet concentrations less than that of air. In contrast, the amount of CO2 fixed per new cell produced increased with increasing inlet CO2 concentrations above 100 ppm. Where inlet gas CO2 concentrations were increased above that of air the additional CO2 was consumed by the organisms but did not lead to increased cell production or significantly increase performance in terms of iron oxidation. It is proposed that At. ferrooxidans has two CO2 uptake mechanisms, a high affinity system operating at low available CO2 concentrations, which is subject to substrate inhibition and a low affinity system operating at higher available CO2 concentrations. L. ferriphilum has a single uptake system characterised by a moderate CO2 affinity. At. ferrooxidans performed better than L. ferriphilum at lower CO2 availabilities, and was less affected by CO2 starvation. Finally, the results demonstrate the limitations of using CO2 uptake or ferrous iron oxidation data as indirect measures of cell growth and performance across varying physiological conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1693–1703. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of sequential‐batch fermentations to characterize the impact of mild hypothermic temperatures on the anaerobic stoichiometry and kinetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Cruz A.L.B. , Verbon A.J. , Geurink L.J. , Verheijen P.J.T. , Heijnen J.J. , van Gulik W.M.
Published: January 2012

This work presents a characterization of the stoichiometry and kinetics of anaerobic batch growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at cultivation temperatures between 12 and 30°C. To minimize the influence of the inoculum condition and ensure full adaptation to the cultivation temperature, the experiments were carried out in sequencing batch reactors. It was observed that the growth rate obtained in the first batch performed after each temperature shift was 10–30% different compared with the subsequent batches at the same temperature, which were much more reproducible. This indicates that the sequencing batch approach provides accurate and reproducible growth rate data. Data reconciliation was applied to the measured time patterns of substrate, biomass, carbon dioxide and byproducts with the constraint that the elemental conservation relations were satisfied, allowing to obtain consistent best estimates of all uptake and secretion rates. Subsequently, it was attempted to obtain an appropriate model description of the temperature dependency of these rates. It was found that the Ratkowsky model provided a better description of the temperature dependency of growth, uptake and secretion rates than the Arrhenius law. Most interesting was to find that most of the biomass‐specific rates have the same temperature dependency, leading to a near temperature independent batch stoichiometry. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1735–1744. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of models in identification and prediction of physiology in critically ill surgical patients
Authors: Cohen M J
Published: January 2012

Background

With higher-throughput data acquisition and processing, increasing computational power, and advancing computer and mathematical techniques, modelling of clinical and biological data is advancing rapidly. Although exciting, the goal of recreating or surpassing in silico the clinical insight of the experienced clinician remains difficult. Advances toward this goal and a brief overview of various modelling and statistical techniques constitute the purpose of this review.

Methods

A review of the literature and experience with models and physiological state representation and prediction after injury was undertaken.

Results

A brief overview of models and the thinking behind their use for surgeons new to the field is presented, including an introduction to visualization and modelling work in surgical care, discussion of state identification and prediction, discussion of causal inference statistical approaches, and a brief introduction to new vital signs and waveform analysis.

Conclusion

Modelling in surgical critical care can provide a useful adjunct to traditional reductionist biological and clinical analysis. Ultimately the goal is to model computationally the clinical acumen of the experienced clinician.
Social presence and service satisfaction: The moderating role of cultural value‐orientation
Authors: He Yi , Chen Qimei , Alden Dana L.
Published: January 2012

Two studies examine the role of the cultural value orientation, self‐construal, as a moderator of the relationship between social presence and service satisfaction. Cross‐cultural data are collected in China and the USA to maximize variation on self‐construal. Results suggest that social presence effects vary depending on the consumer's independent self‐construal. Regardless of whether the service encounter is positive or negative, social presence increases the strength of satisfaction or dissatisfaction for low independents but not for high independents.

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proliferation and mRNA expression of absorptive villous cell markers and mineral transporters in prolactin‐exposed IEC‐6 intestinal crypt cells
Authors: Teerapornpuntakit Jarinthorn , Wongdee Kannikar , Thongbunchoo Jirawan , Krishnamra Nateetip , Charoenphandhu Narattaphol
Published: January 2012

During pregnancy and lactation, prolactin (PRL) enhances intestinal absorption of calcium and other minerals for fetal development and milk production. Although an enhanced absorptive efficiency is believed to mainly result from the upregulation of mineral transporters in the absorptive villous cells, some other possibilities, such as PRL‐enhanced crypt cell proliferation and differentiation to increase the absorptive area, have never been ruled out. Here, we investigated cell proliferation and mRNA expression of mineral absorption‐related genes in the PRL‐exposed IEC‐6 crypt cells. As expected, the cell proliferation was not altered by PRL. Inasmuch as the mRNA expressions of villous cell markers, including dipeptidylpeptidase‐4, lactase and glucose transporter‐5, were not increased, PRL was not likely to enhance crypt cell differentiation into the absorptive villous cells. In contrast to the previous findings in villous cells, PRL was found to downregulate the expression of calbindin‐D9k, claudin‐3 and occludin in IEC‐6 crypt cells, while having no effect on transient receptor potential vanilloid family channels‐5/6, plasma membrane Ca2+‐ATPase (PMCA)‐1b and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger‐1 expression. In conclusion, IEC‐6 crypt cells did not respond to PRL by increasing proliferation or differentiation into villous cells. The present results thus supported the previous hypothesis that PRL enhanced mineral absorption predominantly by increasing transporter expression and activity in the absorptive villous cells. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequence Determinants Governing the Topology and Biological Activity of a Lasso Peptide, Microcin J25
Authors: Ducasse Rémi , Yan Kok‐Phen , Goulard Christophe , Blond Alain , Li Yanyan , Lescop Ewen , Guittet Eric , Rebuffat Sylvie , Zirah Séverine
Published: January 2012

Microcin J25 is a potent antibacterial peptide produced by Escherichia coli AY25. It displays a lasso structure, which consists of a knot involving an N‐terminal macrolactam ring through which the C‐terminal tail is threaded and sterically trapped. In this study, we rationally designed and performed site‐specific mutations in order to pinpoint the sequence determinants of the lasso topology. Structures of the resulting variants were analysed by a combination of methods (mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, enzymatic digestion), and correlated to the antibacterial activity. The selected mutations resulted in the production of branched‐cyclic or lasso variants. The C‐terminal residues below the ring (Tyr20, Gly21) and the size of the macrolactam ring were revealed to be critical for both the lasso scaffold and bioactivity, while shortening the loop region (Tyr9–Ser18) or extending the C‐terminal tail below the ring did not alter the lasso structure, but differentially affected the antibacterial activity. These results provide new insights for the bioengineering of antibacterial agents using a lasso peptide as template.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of Counterion Influence on an Octahedral IrH6‐Complex in the Solid State Hydrides AAeIrH6 (A: Na, K and Ae: Ca, Sr, Ba, and Eu) with a New Structure Type.
Authors: Kadir K. , Moser D. , Muenzel M. , Noreus D.
Published: January 2012

The new title hydrides and the corresponding deuterides are prepared from mixtures of the alkali, alkaline earth, or europium binary hydrides/deuterides, and Ir powder (5 MPa H2/D2, 400 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Characterizations of a Novel 3D Coordination Polymer Constructed from Rare Castellated Inorganic Chains.
Authors: Zhai Quan‐Guo , Zhang Cui‐Cui , Li Shu‐Ni , Jiang Yu‐Cheng , Hu Man‐Cheng
Published: January 2012

The new coordination polymer {[Cd8Cl4(trz)12(H2O)] ·2H2O}n (trz: 1,2,4‐triazole) is synthesized from CdCl2, trz, malonic acid, and NaOH under hydrothermal conditions (autoclave, 160 °C, 5 d, 51% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Layered Assemblies of a Dialuminum‐Substituted Silicotungstate Trimer and the Reversible Interlayer Cation‐Exchange Properties.
Authors: Kikukawa Yuji , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Hibino Mitsuhiro , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: January 2012

The polyoxometallate assemblies (IV) and (VI) are synthesized by trimerization of (III) via μ‐OH bridges and characterized by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Suppression of Realgar Cage Degradation During Complexation: Formation of Hybrid Coordination Polymers with As4S4, PAs3S3, and Cu(I) Halide Building Blocks.
Authors: Schwarz Patrick , Wachter Joachim , Zabel Manfred
Published: January 2012

Compounds (VI) crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c with Z = 4.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Monosubstituted Allylic Acetates with Azlactone, and Separation of Diastereoisomers by Sequential Aza‐Cope Rearrangement.
Authors: Kawatsura Motoi , Tsuji Hiroaki , Uchida Kenta , Itoh Toshiyuki
Published: January 2012

The title reaction of oxazolone (II) with allylic acetates provides a branch‐type product as single diastereomer, whereas the other diastereomer undergoes the rearrangement to a linear alkylation product.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective α‐Arylation of N‐Acyloxazolidinones with Copper(II)‐Bisoxazoline Catalysts and Diaryliodonium Salts.
Authors: Bigot Aurelien , Williamson Alice E. , Gaunt Matthew J.
Published: January 2012

A variety of N‐acyloxazolidinones is applied to the reaction with the mesityl(phenyl)iodonium triflate to afford the α‐phenylated products with high yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective α‐Arylation of Carbonyls via Cu(I)‐Bisoxazoline Catalysis.
Authors: Harvey James S. , Simonovich Scott P. , Jamison Christopher R. , MacMillan David W. C.
Published: January 2012

Lactones and oxazolidones are effectively α‐arylated using the diaryliodonium hexafluorophosphates and Cu(I)‐‐bisoxazoline catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Copper Catalysts Based on Imidazolium‐Tagged C2‐Symmetric Bis(oxazoline) and Their Application in D—A Reactions in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Zhou Zhi‐Ming , et al. et al.
Published: January 2012

The title catalyst shows high activity and enantioselectivity and can be recycled 20 times without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols over Hydrotalcite‐Supported Gold Nanoparticles: The Promotional Effect of Transition Metal Cations.
Authors: Liu Peng , Guan Yejun , van Santen Rutger A. , Li Can , Hensen Emiel J. M.
Published: January 2012

Hydrotalcite, with all Al3+ replaced by Cr3+, shows strong synergy with Au‐nanoparticles in achieving highly efficient catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Impregnated Palladium on Magnetite as Catalyst for Multicomponent Reductive Amination Reactions and Other Related Reducing Processes.
Authors: Cano Rafael , Yus Miguel , Ramon Diego J.
Published: January 2012

Reductive amination of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with primary or secondary amines proceeds smoothly in the system polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS)—PdO on magnetite to give the corresponding secondary or tertiary amines in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination of Allyl Alcohols.
Authors: Ghosh Raju , Sarkar Amitabha
Published: January 2012

An efficient and environmentally friendly method to prepare allylated amines and allylated heteroarylamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbogallation of Alkynes Using Gallium Tribromide and Silyl Ketene Acetals and Synthetic Application to Cross‐Coupling with Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Nishimoto Yoshihiro , Ueda Hiroki , Yasuda Makoto , Baba Akio
Published: January 2012

Stereoselective carbogallation of alkynes is achieved by simple treatment of GaBr3 with alkynes and ketene silyl acetals.
ChemInform Abstract: A Homogeneous, Recyclable Polymer Support for Rh(I)‐Catalyzed C—C Bond Formation.
Authors: Jana Ranjan , Tunge Jon A.
Published: January 2012

The catalyst efficiently promotes the coupling of aryl‐ and alkenylboronic acids with enones, aldehydes, aldimines, and internal alkynes as well as the hydroformylation of alkenes and the addition of enones to terminal alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improvement of Nickel Catalyst for Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Arylboronic Acids with Aryl Carbonates by Using a Ferrocenyl Bisphosphine Ligand.
Authors: Kuwano Ryoichi , Shimizu Ryosuke
Published: January 2012

Aryl carbonates (I) work as electrophilic substrates for the Suzuki—Miyaura reaction under nickel catalysis which is enhanced by the use of a chelate bisphosphine ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Free Sonogashira Coupling Reaction Using a trans‐Spanning 1,2‐Bis(2‐thienylethynyl)benzene Ligand.
Authors: Atobe Shingo , Sonoda Motohiro , Suzuki Yuki , Shinohara Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Takuya , Ogawa Akiya
Published: January 2012

The coupling reaction of aryl halides (I) with terminal acetylenes (II) proceeds in the presence of diethynylbenzene as a trans‐bidentatable ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Samarium‐Mediated Benzoyloxysulfone Eliminations.
Authors: Volz Erasmus O. , O'Neil Gregory W.
Published: January 2012

Under conditions A) aryl‐ and alkenyl‐substituted β‐acyloxysulfones undergo elimination to afford olefinic products with different rates.
ChemInform Abstract: A New General Approach for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Functionalized γ‐ and δ‐Lactams.
Authors: Daly Mark , Gill Kathryn , Sime Mairi , Simpson Graham L. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: January 2012

A general stereoselective synthesis of functionalized γ‐ and δ‐lactams using the Overman rearrangement to install the key C—N bond and a ring closing metathesis reaction to form the ring is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild, Selective Deprotection of PMB Ethers with Triflic Acid/1,3‐Dimethoxybenzene.
Authors: Jung Michael E. , Koch Pierre
Published: January 2012

The process can be carried out under conditions A) or B).
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Free Two‐Step Synthesis of 1,3‐Diketones and β‐Ketoesters from α‐Diazocarbonyl Compounds, Trialkylboranes, and Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Sanchez‐Carmona Miguel A. , Contreras‐Cruz David A. , Miranda Luis D.
Published: January 2012

The report describes the use of the Hooz reaction/ oxidation sequence as source of various 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Nitrite: A Powerful Oxidizing Reagent.
Authors: Baidya Mahiuddin , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: January 2012

Nitroso reagents, generated in situ from a Lewis acid and a metal nitrite, are generated.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Synthesis of Amides from Nitriles via the Ritter Reaction.
Authors: Khaksar Samad , Fattahi Eskandar , Fattahi Esmail
Published: January 2012

A simple chemoselective methodology is developed for a modified Ritter reaction using PFPAT as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal [3 + 3] Cycloaddition of Silyl Enol Ethers Catalyzed by Triflic Imide: Domino Michael Addition—Claisen Condensation Accompanied with Isomerization of Silyl Enol Ethers.
Authors: Azuma Takumi , Takemoto Yoshiji , Takasu Kiyosei
Published: January 2012

A triflimide catalyzed formal [3 + 3] cycloaddition of silyl enol ethers with acrylates is described as a new domino reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives by an Oxidative Heck Reaction and Their Use as Starting Materials for Preparation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 1‐Deoxy‐D‐xylulose‐5‐phosphate Reductoisomerase Inhibitors.
Authors: Nordqvist Anneli , Bjoerkelid Christofer , Andaloussi Mounir , Jansson Anna M. , Mowbray Sherry L. , Karlen Anders , Larhed Mats
Published: January 2012

The phosphonic acid derivatives such as (Xa) show potent inhibitory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Metal‐Free Diamination of Styrenes.
Authors: Roeben Caren , Souto Jose A. , Gonzalez Yolanda , Lishchynskyi Anton , Muniz Kilian
Published: January 2012

The reaction proceeds in the presence of a chiral hypervalent iodine reagent and bismesylamide as N‐source gives generally better results than bistosylimide.
ChemInform Abstract: Monovalent Nickel Complex Bearing a Bulky N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzes Buchwald—Hartwig Amination of Aryl Halides under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Nagao Shinya , Matsumoto Taisuke , Koga Yuji , Matsubara Kouki
Published: January 2012

The presented Nickel complex catalyzes the title reaction even at previously not reported low temperatures.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and Structural Characterization of the Elusive 1:1 Adduct of Hydrazine and Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Lee Byeongno , Kang Seung Hee , Kang Donghyeon , Lee Kyu Hyung , Cho Jaeheung , Nam Wonwoo , Han Oc Hee , Hur Nam Hwi
Published: January 2012

The zwitterionic form of carbazic acid is isolated as a stable solid and successfully used as a hydrazine replacement in the synthesis of azines (II) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Proline‐Derived Tertiary Amino Alcohols as Chiral Ligands for Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes.
Authors: Xu Zhou , Bo Rongcheng , Wu Nan , Wan Yu , Wu Hui
Published: January 2012

In the presented synthesis the benzaldehyde derivatives with electron‐withdrawing groups give better results than the derivatives with electron‐donating groups.
ChemInform Abstract: CuI/H2/NaOH‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Two Different Alcohols for Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation: “Borrowing Hydrogen”?
Authors: Miura Takashi , Kose Osamu , Li Feng , Kai Sun , Saito Susumu
Published: January 2012

The present new method for the cross‐coupling of two different alcohols is achieved in the presence of H2 using catalytic amounts of CuBr and NaOH affording longer‐chain alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Insight into the Anomalous syn‐Selectivity Observed During the Addition of Allenylboronates to Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Sasaki Yusuke , Sawamura Masaya , Ito Hajime
Published: January 2012

The title reaction proceeds through a cyclic transition state, even in the presence of a Lewis acid.
ChemInform Abstract: CuBr/FeCl3 Catalysis: A Novel and Efficient Method for the Preparation of New Aryl (Iminomethyl)propargyl Ether Derivatives via C—H Activation of Aryl Propargyl Ethers.
Authors: Kumar Gautham Santhosh , Kurumurthy Chavva , Rao Pillalamarri Sambasiva , Veeraswamy Banda , Rao Pamulaparthi Shanthan , Narsaiah Banda
Published: January 2012

Synthesis occurs by C—H activation of aryl propargyl ethers followed by imines generated from aryl aldehydes and aryl amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Amphoteric α‐Boryl Aldehydes.
Authors: He Zhi , Yudin Andrei K.
Published: January 2012

Novel α‐boryl aldehydes (II) are prepared via rearrangement of oxiranyl N‐methyliminodiacetyl boronates (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Mono‐N‐allylation of Unprotected Anthranilic Acids with Allylic Alcohols in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Hikawa Hidemasa , Yokoyama Yuusaku
Published: January 2012

Pd‐catalyzed treatment of anthranilic acids with allylic alcohols in aqueous solution provides a convenient approach to mono‐N‐allylated anthranilic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzoic Acid Catalyzed Aldol‐Type Condensation of Aldehydes with Ethyl Diazoacetate: Highly Diastereoselective Products with Chiral Aldehydes.
Authors: Krishna Palakodety Radha , Prapurna Y. Lakshmi , Alivelu Munagala
Published: January 2012

Title reaction proceeds for a wide range of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes under neat conditions to give the product alcohols in high to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Active Bifunctional SalenTi(IV) Catalysts for Asymmetric Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes and TMSCN.
Authors: Wen Ye Qian , Ren Wei Min , Lu Xiao Bing
Published: January 2012

The use of ligand SAP produces the cyanhydrins (III) with up to 70% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and General Method for the Heck and Buchwald—Hartwig Coupling Reactions of Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Lee Dong‐Hwan , Taher Abu , Hossain Shahin , Jin Myung‐Jong
Published: January 2012

The new Pd catalyst is air‐ and moisture‐stable.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxylic Acids as Traceless Directing Groups for Formal meta‐Selective Direct Arylation.
Authors: Cornella Josep , Righi Marika , Larrosa Igor
Published: January 2012

The Pd‐catalyzed ortho‐selective direct arylation of benzoic acids with aryl iodides is followed by protodecarboxylation to allow the access to various meta‐substituted biaryls as synthetically important subunits.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphane‐Free Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Imidazolesulfonates with Arylboronic Acids and Potassium Aryltrifluoroborates under Aqueous Conditions.
Authors: Civicos Jose Francisco , Gholinejad Mohammad , Alonso Diego A. , Najera Carmen
Published: January 2012

A general phosphane‐free oxime‐palladacycle‐catalyzed cross coupling reaction of electron‐rich, electron‐poor, and hindered aryl imidazolesulfonates (I) with arylboronic acids (II) and potassium aryltrifluoroborates is disclosed.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Conjugate Additions of Alkylboranes to Aryl α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Ohmiya Hirohisa , Shido Yoshinori , Yoshida Mika , Sawamura Masaya
Published: January 2012

Conjugate addition products (III) are obtained by treatment of aryl α,β‐unsaturated ketones (II) with in situ prepared alkylboron compounds via alkene hydroboration.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Iodides with β‐Trimethylsiloxy‐α‐diazoesters: A Novel Approach Toward β‐Keto‐α‐arylesters.
Authors: Shu Zhibin , Zhang Ji , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: January 2012

In the presented reaction the β‐trimethylsiloxy group can significantly suppress the direct 1,2‐hydride shift from palladium carbene.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Hydronaphthalenes.
Authors: Tsoung Jennifer , Kraemer Katja , Zajdlik Adam , Liebert Clemence , Lautens Mark
Published: January 2012

A versatile and efficient route to chiral tetralins is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Oxabenzonorbornadienes with Alkynes Bearing a Propargylic Oxygen Atom: Access to Stereodefined Benzonorcaradienes.
Authors: Tenaglia Alphonse , Marc Sylvain , Giordano Laurent , De Riggi Innocenzo
Published: January 2012

The diastereoselectivity of the unprecedented coupling reaction depends on the presence of substituents on the bridgehead positions of the substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Bond Arylation of Simple Arenes with Aryltrimethylsilanes.
Authors: Funaki Kenji , Kawai Hiroshi , Sato Tetsuo , Oi Shuichi
Published: January 2012

For the presented reaction CuCl2 is essential to obtain the desired cross‐coupling products in high selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Construction of γ‐Butenolides Through Chiral Phosphane‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Acetates.
Authors: Wei Yin , Ma Guang‐Ning , Shi Min
Published: January 2012

Allylic alkylation of MBH acetates with silyloxyfuran (II) proceeds efficiently in the presence of a novel chiral amidobinaphthylphosphine organocatalyst to afford the products in excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (< 95% diastereoselectivity, up to 98% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective and Regioselective Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Pyrroles with Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by a Tridentate Schiff Base—Copper Complex.
Authors: Guo Fengfeng , Chang Dalu , Lai Guoyin , Zhu Tao , Xiong Shunshun , Wang Sujing , Wang Zhiyong
Published: January 2012

A new chiral catalyst system based on a central Cu2O2 four‐membered ring is used for asymmetric Friedel—Crafts alkylations of pyrroles with nitroalkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Catalytic Monoreduction of Phthalimides and Imidazolidine‐2,4‐diones.
Authors: Das Shoubhik , Addis Daniele , Knoepke Leif R. , Bentrup Ursula , Junge Kathrin , Brueckner Angelika , Beller Matthias
Published: January 2012

The new protocol produces the target products (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused Imidazoles, Pyrroles, and Indoles with a Defined Stereocenter α to Nitrogen Utilizing Mitsunobu Alkylation Followed by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization.
Authors: Laha Joydev K. , Cuny Gregory D.
Published: January 2012

Additionally, the synthesis of some achiral analogues such as (XVIII) is described.