bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LANDSCAPE AND CASTLESCAPES IN CENTRAL SICILY IN THE MIDDLE AGES. METHODOLOGY AND PROBLEMATICS.
Authors: Patti Daniela
Published: April 2022

The landscape of central Sicily is marked by the presence of several fortified elite residences, but also hilltop fortifications defined generically "castles". However, in the publications, with some exceptions, have not been investigated by means of the multidisciplinary research including Landscape History and Archaeology, Archaeology of Architecture, Linguistics, Anthropology.
The same word �castle� is used continuously to indicate generically the castles in Medieval age without regards to the different architectonic features, functions, roles, and social cultural processes in the Byzantine, Norman Age and later.
The castles in this area often built or powered in the Norman age, today often appears in establishing assumed by the Swabian age; even if, they are involved in restorations, or damaged, or almost completely destroyed, still characterize the rural and urban landscape of the Island, often in closely topographic proximity with fortified cathedral churches or with rock settlements
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUNGARIAN AND ITALIAN EARLY RENAISSANCE GARDENS
Authors: Herczeg Agnes
Published: April 2022

The most prominent period of Hungarian history in arts and science was during the reign of King Matthias (1443-1490). His humanist upbringing, his education and his political successes made him a renowned ruler of his time. In parallel with the emergence of Italian early Renaissance gardens, royal and ecclesiastical gardens were established in the Kingdom of Hungary. The numerous links well characterise and explain the affinity between early Renaissance gardens in Italy and Hungary.
Alongside the king's bountiful vegetable gardens and the gardens of the clergy, revelry is combined with Renaissance architecture to satisfy new desires. By marking the sites of Matthias' buildings and well-known gardens on a map using a variety of sources, we can uncover a significant landscape heritage. Some of the gardens he created, together with his palaces and villas, are located around the Danube, on its banks. Others are along the road leading to Vienna. The Danube was one of the safest and most important communication roads of the time. Matthias, following in the footsteps of his ancestors, and similarly to his contemporaries, had a magnificent houseboat built. He travelled from Buda to his various residences in this boat, Bucentaurus. Interpreting the surviving descriptions and comparing them with contemporary portraits, it is possible to distinguish different royal residences.
MILLENNIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS SCHISM IN WESTERN MEDIA: An Iconographic Analysis of Dante�s Inferno 28 and the Twenty-First Century Films Dracula Untold and Kingdom of Heaven
Authors: Shajani Nafiseh
Published: April 2022

Dante Alighieri�s Inferno 28 is the place of the sowers of discord and scandal who are responsible for causing a split within their own communities; among them in the ninth bolge of the eighth circle is Muhammad whose mutilated body represents the division he brought to Christianity. A historical contextualization of the Inferno, however, confirms that the hostility between Christianity and Islam had emerged earlier with the rise of Islam as a political power in the seventh century. This paper examines Medieval and twenty-first century visual representations of this division within Christianity, which mirror the schism within Inferno 28. Ridley Scott�s Kingdom of Heaven (2005) and Gary Shore�s less-discussed film Dracula Untold (2014) provide a common ground to analyze the visual and verbal stimuli. In so doing, I identify the elements of naive responses to such texts, which help to minimize the conformity of the audience to classificatory thought systems, and, therefore, creates a dynamically constituted text open to multiple interpretations.
STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS AS A CONSTITUENT OF THE POETIC OF SPONTANEITY: LITERARY AND LINGO POETIC ASPECTS
Authors: Glinka Nataliia , Voloshchuk Iryna , Usyk Galyna
Published: April 2022

The scientific investigation deals with the stream of consciousness as a constituent of spontaneity poetics in the writings of British and American authors of different literary epochs. The stream of consciousness reflects the complicated and steady mental process of the detailed fixation of thoughts, senses, and unconscious movements.
The purpose of our paper is to solve such problems: to explain the notion of stream of consciousness from the spontaneity poetics point of view; to characterize the types of stream of consciousness according to another narrator and the means of thoughts presented in the speech of a character; to trace the ontological transformation of the stream of consciousness in diachronic.
Introduced by W. James as a term of psychology, stream of consciousness was established in a literary context by May Sinclair in 1918. Since the modernist time, lingo poetics differentiates between the terms internal monologue and stream of consciousness the grounds of the linguistic organization of the artistic text. Thus, the stream of consciousness defines a narrative method of storytelling by which an author provides a direct reflection of the mental activity of a character. This linguistic poetical technique becomes an imperative element of modernist fiction, and post-modernist prose turns to the sensory-mental pre-reflexive flow, which, in contrast with modernist tradition, reproduces the psychedelic state of altered consciousness or internal mental conflict of the characters. Speaking about the internal structure of the stream of consciousness, we determine the following his three constituents: the primary impulse to think, the thought that the character develops; sudden external circumstances at present that make the consciousness react and alter the thinking; mental transformation determined by the spontaneous associations from the past, often traumatic.
Depending on an author's presence in a character's speech, the stream of consciousness can be direct or indirect. According to the way of presenting opinions in the character's speech, there can be the following categories of the stream of consciousness in the fiction text: sensual impression, thought aside, psychological analysis, state of altered consciousness. Each group of stream of consciousness has its peculiar punctuation, the measure of stylistic labeling, specific syntax.
Contemporary post-modern literature in English has examples of novels-stream-of-consciousness, which manifests the creative orientation of the writers at the inner world of a human, their sensual-emotional spontaneity through the mean of the stream of consciousness, and the continuous transformation process of the stylistic technique � stream of consciousness � within lingo poetics.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IMPACT ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF ROMANIAN LISTED COMPANIES
Authors: Busu Cristia , Mielusel Gratiella , Grigorescu Victor
Published: April 2022

While CSR reporting in Romania is quite recent and came as an obligation recommended by the European regulators, the focus on defining a set of standards in the field of financial investments, shaped by strong social and corporate responsibility, is an organic development within the companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange. In order to assess the financial impact of CSR programs implemented by listed companies in Romania during the 2018-2020 time frame, we shall analyze data for 25 listed companies on the Bucharest Stock Exchange, defining and computing a CSR index. We use the defined CSR index to assess the relation between social performance and economic efficiency determined by the corporate governance focus on sustainable development, environmental and social integration, with some cleavages between different sectors of business. The research emphasizes good practices and the need for further efforts in order to better fulfill the companies� financial and social obligations towards their stakeholders.
THE CZECH BREWING INDUSTRY: IS THERE A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FIRM EFFICIENCY AND FIRM SIZE?
Authors: Fiala Roman , Kuncova Martina
Published: April 2022

Background: Being effective is very important for any organisation. With a given number of inputs, more efficient companies can create more outputs than less efficient ones leading to better use of resources. Improving efficiency increases firm competitiveness. This paper focuses on the link between the firm�s economic efficiency and firm size. Only a few studies are examining this relationship, and the authors of this article revealed no study investigating this link on data of the Czech companies.
Methods: Data for our research were collected from the Albertina database for the year 2018 and the Czech brewing industry. The efficiency was measured via two Data envelopment analysis (DEA) models. The first one is based on the constant returns to scale, and the second one works with variable returns to scale. For assessing the link between economic efficiency and firm size, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated. Sales and total assets were employed as indicators for measuring firm size.
Results: The results reveal that there is no relationship between firm economic efficiency and firm size. The Pearson correlation coefficients between all efficiency scores and firm size indicators were positive but not statistically significant.
Conclusions: The article ensures knowledge useful to researchers, managers or owners of companies in the Czech brewing industry. The study reveals that larger companies are not more efficient than their smaller counterparts or vice versa in the Czech brewing industry.
"JOB LAB" COMMUNICATION TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT OF ORAL SPEAKING SKILLS
Authors: Kissov� Olga
Published: April 2022

The work aims to identify how to enhance the communicative competence of undergraduates by introducing a teacher-supported online "Job Lab" English language course on oral speaking skills training. The course goal was to meet the needs of nonnative students of Economics (50 participants) who formed two groups with a different approach (videotaping and without). The main task was creating, delivering, and evaluating oral speaking using an assessment rubric and learn how to give/get constructive feedback. Before the intervention (experiment), the research was conducted implementing searching communication strategies and assessment grid (self-evaluation, peer-evaluation, and teacher's evaluation criteria). Its focus is to enable students to practice and develop hard and soft skills in delivering oral economics-related ideas professionally. Video analysis evaluation was used in the experimental video-based group (N=25) and without the video-based evaluation approach in the control (N=25) group. After and before the intervention, undergraduates completed pre-post-tests (5-Likert scale questionnaires, satisfaction scale) and analysed data using SPSS. The qualitative and quantitative results indicate positive perceptions of the strategies instruction. The findings show that students' oral speaking practice and satisfaction reached using an assessment approach. In the experimental group use of video help to generate greater reserve in selfrating, self-evaluation and confirmed that assessment of oral speaking could enhance verbal & nonverbal communication ability.
TEACHING ASSISTANT AND HIS ROLE IN CZECH EDUCATION
Authors: Michalik Jan , Hrubesova Ivana , Haiclova Zuzana , Tomalova Petra , Novakova Lenka
Published: April 2022

The teaching assistant has been used very often in the Czech education system in recent years, and we find his presence in almost all types of schools. In the future, we can expect an ever-increasing quality and quantity of these workers. The teaching assistant meets in his practice and will very likely continue to meet with social and health tasks. According to current legislation in the Czech Republic, acts of a social nature are part of the profession of teaching assistant. However, we can still (not very rarely) encounter the opinion that social acts fall into the category of social acts and therefore do not belong to the teaching assistant, as a pedagogical worker. The content of this research is to describe the experience of teaching assistants with the implementation of social acts in procuring a student self-service in the Czech Republic. Ex post facto design of a quantitative approach was used for data collection. Research participants filled in a questionnaire electronically and it contained closed, semi-closed and free questions. A total of 1,732 teaching assistants from all over the Czech Republic were involved in the research. In the questionnaire, the teaching assistants commented on individual actions of a social nature which were further divided into several categories (e.g. assistance with footwear, dressing, etc.). Respondents also mentioned the type of disability of the pupil to whom they are providing assistance. The result of the research is a description and frequency of social acts in the field of self-service which the teaching assistants provide during the work. Experiences are divided according to the type of disability of the pupil with whom the teaching assistant works.
THE FUNCTIONING OF SCHOOLS FOR PUPILS WITH DISABILITY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC FROM TEACHERS� PERSPECTIVE AND REGARDING THEIR COOPERATION WITH PUPILS� FAMILIES IN THE OLOMOUC REGION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Authors: Ruzicka Michal , Baslerova Pavlina , Pribylova Tereza , Stelzer Jiri , Sedlackova Dagmar
Published: April 2022

The objective of the paper was to present the perception of teachers in schools for pupils with disability concerning the pandemic, the requirements of the educational process as well as the impact on pupils� families. The research is an observational-descriptive cross-sectional study. Given the nature of the study, there was no need to establish and include a control group. The design of the study was selected in order to obtain research data as soon as possible given the topicality of the social and educational situation in the context of the development of epidemiological restrictions. The paper presents the results of a specific part of the questionnaire (free answers). In this section, respondents had the opportunity to provide their comments. A total of 43 responses were collected. A content analysis was performed to define the different categories with respect to the requirements of full-time and distance education in the context of the current situation. In the category of full-time education, the following subcategories were defined: preventive measures prior to the pandemic and implementation of full-time education with individualized extent and content. In the category of distance education, the following subcategories were defined: methodological, technical and material support and individualization of form and content. The conclusions suggest that the use of distance education in special is problematic and results in a failure to achieve all of the aspects of the school education programmes and in excessive strain.
THE IMPORTANCE OF IGOR HAJEK IN THE PROCESS OF ESTABLISHING THE CANON OF CZECH LITERATURE IN ANGLOPHONE WORLD
Authors: Slamova Karolina
Published: April 2022

This paper deals with the conception of the Czech literary canon in English-speaking countries, which then functions as a profile of Czech literature intended for foreign specialists in Czech Studies and the general public.
The article gives a brief overview of three stages of making the most important values of Czech literature accessible for English-speaking readers as they were presented by Martin Pilar, a Czech literary historian and theorist. The first stage beginning in the 1940s, transferred abroad the petrified Czech canon and the traditional Czech values of its national literature. It elicited the need for a more clearly nuanced methodology, which started to be applied in the early 1970s. This methodology consists in the choice of canonical writers on the basis of their reception, their importance in the Czech context, and their availability in English translation. The third stage extended from the 1990s to the beginning of the second millennium, when Czech literature found itself in a completely different cultural context after the fall of the totalitarian regime.
Attention is focused on Igor Hajek, a literary critic and literary historian living in British exile after 1968, who played a significant role in the process of carrying over the Czech canon into the English-speaking countries. His main contribution in this regard is in preparing entries on Czech authors to several important English-language literary encyclopaedic dictionaries of world literature.
CITY BRANDING AND UNIVERSITIES: HOW CITY BRANDS CAN USE UNIVERSITIES AS PART OF THEIR STRATEGY
Authors: Briciu Victor-Alexandru , Gherghinoiu Maria , Groza Madalin-George , Briciu Arabela , Coman Claudiu
Published: April 2022

City branding is a topic discussed very much in tourism and also in marketing, its impact being visible in both fields. While tourism is concerned with city branding because it can help destinations attract more tourists and make more profit, the marketing field is trying to find new ways to promote, position and differentiate city brands in order to gain a competitive advantage in this overcrowded market. On the other hand, city brands can also provide benefits regarding consumption behavior of customers, who are more informed than ever and have a lot of different choices to make, but less time at their disposal and usually risk is involved in these decisions. In this paper, the authors will develop and use the economic approach of treating places (e.g., cities) as consumer products, from a functional paradigmatic perspective of the brand, from which individuals are seen as �homo economicus�, consumer decisions are based on rational motives, so there are transactions between the brand and the consumer which are more or less tangible. Although there are many directions in which city brand strategy can go (culture, entertainment, seasonal tourism, etc.), cities that have a strong academic center can benefit from the association between the city�s communication strategy and the local university�s communication strategy, using co-branding in order to gain an advantage and attract more people to the city. For this particular topic, we have chosen the city of Brasov, Romania, a city that has a renowned university, namely Transilvania University of Brasov that nowadays represents the largest comprehensive university in the center of the country. We conducted a research regarding the students perception of the city brand of Brasov in order to find out their opinions about this topic and if we can use them as brand ambassadors in a future city branding strategy and also if the university can be used as a co-brand in this strategy.
B-CELL ACTIVATION FACTOR (BAFF) - EXPRESSION PARTICULARITIES IN PATIENTS WITH THYROID AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE AND VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY
Authors: Ibadula Seila , Raducan Doina , Circo Eduard
Published: April 2022

Aims: to determine correlations of the serum level of B lymphocyte activation factor in patients with thyroid autoimmune disease and vitamin D deficiency.
Material and method: The study included a number of 52 patients, distributed in 2 groups - Group 1- 34 patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT) and Group 2 - 18 patients with Graves' disease (GD). Mean serum BAFF (ELISA) and serum mean 25-OH-vitamin D (ECLIA) were assessed comparatively in patients from both study groups.
Results: Higher mean serum levels for BAFF (ng / ml) were obtained among the patients with Graves' disease (0.54 � 0.28) compared to the patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (0.24 � 0.17). Mean serum 25-OH- vitamin D values (ng / ml) were significantly lower in Group 2 (16.34 � 8.9) compared to study Group 1 (20.44 � 8.13). The association of the serum level of BAFF with the serum level of 25-OHvitamin D pleads for an inverse proportion of them in the two groups (p less than 0.05).
Conclusions: Significantly higher values of serum BAFF are found among patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders associating vitamin D deficiency. The presence of a lower serum level of vitamin D among patients with thyoid autoimmunity suspects a possible mechanism of stimulation of the autoimmune process in conditions of intensified hypovitaminosis D.
THE ETIOLOGY OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS AND THE RISK OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
Authors: Trandafir Anamaria , Dumitru Eugen , Grosu Andreea , Petrescu Magda , Tuta Liliana- Ana
Published: April 2022

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important complication of liver cirrhosis, that increases the mortality in the cirrhotic patients, usually diagnosed as hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). However, there is no proven link between the etiology of liver cirrhosis and the risk of kidney injury.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 171 patients with liver cirrhosis admitted to our clinic during a year. We compared data on Child-Pugh and Meld-Na scores, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), serum creatinine, and the estimation of renal dysfunction by using AKIN and ICA-AKI classifications at admission, depending on the etiology of liver cirrhosis.
Results: From the 171 patients (110 men, 61 women), 116 (68%) had chronic alcohol abuse as etiology, 38 (22%) hepatitis C virus and 17 (10%) hepatitis B virus. The mean Meld-Na score was 20.53�8.84. 57(49%) patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 10 (59%) patients with HBV and 20 (53%) patients with HCV, had a class C Child-Pugh score (p value .73, not statistic significant). Comparing NLR, an inflammatory marker and an independent predictor for AKI and mortality, the HBV group had a higher NLR than the other 2 groups (9.17�9.63 vs 6.15� 6.05). Although there was no statistical difference between the creatinine values at admission between the 3 groups (p> .05), we noted a statistical difference of eGFR between patients with hepatitis B and C, compared to those with alcoholic etiology (67.98 �34.4 ml/min vs 81.44�34.9 ml/min, p value less than .05). 10 (26%) patients with HCV, 6 (35%) patients with HBV and 15 (13%) patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis developed AKI (p value less than .05).
Conclusions: In conclusion, the viral etiology of liver cirrhosis may be more frequently associated with the risk of acute kidney injury, in comparison with alcoholic cause, but larger studies are needed.
ARCHITECTURAL IMAGINATION. FROM REAL ARCHITECTURE TO ARCHITECTURAL MOTIF IN ILLUSTRATION
Authors: Capek Slavomir , Kresila Juraj
Published: April 2022

The study focuses on architectural motifs in the selected sample of illustrations by Slovak artists and the reception of such motifs by junior school aged children. Fantasy architectural motifs are relatively frequent in the illustrations to fairy tales however, their detailed descriptions are not so often present in the fairy tales� texts. The study introduces basic types of architectural motifs in fictional literature for children relative to whether the illustrators took inspiration from history or from real architecture. The illustrators tend to be inspired mainly by eclecticism and, among modern architectural styles, expressionism and organic architecture. Some postmodern strategies appeal to them as well. The authors also focus on imaginative function that the architectural motif might possess in relation to child�s perception. They contemplate the possibilities for integrating the issue of illustrative representation of architectural motif into the educational standards of the Slovak national curriculum in one of the art education thematic areas. Analytical-synthetic and comparative methods were utilised in the study.
ART AND SCIENCE STUDIED THROUGH THE WAVE OF AUGMENTED / VIRTUAL REALITY TO NAVIGATE TOWARDS UNEXPLORED HORIZONS
Authors: Minaudo Massimiliano
Published: April 2022

As a teacher I have directly conducted research to experiment with new methodologies in teaching to demonstrate that even children or kids can be able to create a drawing and therefore an object in 3D and improve their skills in addition to creativity by developing real problem solving skills. A new teaching methodology therefore requires helping students not to be afraid of making mistakes by encouraging them to move forward on their learning path. Going from the ideal to the real and even better from the virtual to the print and then physically producing what you thought by touching it with your own hands allows you to test and improve what the mind has thought. Certainly, our world is changing at a too fast pace and knowing how to learn from one's mistakes by managing emotions together with the freedom to express and visualize, even with threedimensional models, an element produced by the imagination or concretely existing can be the key to acquiring the skills. requests today and to better guide our students towards a working future where art and science meet and give rise to new forms of expression (fig. 1).
EVALUATION OF INDOOR RADON IN STATE SCHOOLS IN DISTRICT KARDZHALI, BULGARIA
Authors: Ivanova Kremena , Dzhunakova Desislava , Kunovska Bistra , Stojanovska Zdenka , Djounova Jana
Published: April 2022

Radon exposure at schools may have a considerable public health impact. The exposure and respectively the health risk is related with CRn and time. The schools are buildings with public access, where the children spent long period of life. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the indoor radon concentrations as an important air pollutant in school buildings of Kardzhali districts, Bulgaria, as a first step in controlling and reducing the children exposure. The measurement of radon concentration was made in 437 occupied rooms, situated on underground, ground and first floor, of 55 state school buildings in 7 municipality of the district. The arithmetic and geometric means of radon concentrations are 140 and 117 Becquerel per cubic meter respectively. In 51 rooms, the radon concentrations were higher than 200 Becquerel per cubic meter while in 28 rooms of 17 school buildings, it exceeds the national reference level of 300 Becquerel per cubic meter. The statistically significant difference in indoor radon concentrations between municipalities was obtained. The effect of: type of room, floor, building year of construction and energy efficiency measures in building, on the indoor radon concentration was considered for analysis as well. The values of the radon concentration in the buildings where energy efficiency measures have been implemented are higher than those where they have not been performed.
Estrategias lúdicas para el pensamiento crítico-creativo en niños de cinco años
Authors: Linares Wendy
Published: March 2022

This research aimed to develop a model of playful strategies for the development of critical and creative thinking in 5-year-old children from the Educational Institution No. 284 of Bagua Grande, Amazonas region, Peru. The research was purposeful because the playful strategies model was formulated to develop these two thoughts. The data was collected through a test applied to 25 5-year-old children in the classroom and an interview guide for the teacher in charge of the school. As a result, it was found that more than 80% of the population presented a low level of critical and creative thinking in all its dimensions and that teachers do not use adequate strategies to promote these thoughts during the teaching-learning process. Therefore, it was concluded that playful strategies are valuable tools to develop critical and creative thinking in 5-year-old preschool children.
NEURAL NETWORKS FROM KERAS IN SKIN LESION DIAGNOSTIC
Authors: Michalska-Ciekańska Magdalena
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Melanoma is currently one of the most dangerous skin diseases, in addition many others appear in the population. Scientists are developing techniques for early non-invasive skin lesions diagnosis from dermatoscopic images, for this purpose neural networks are increasingly used. Many tools are being developed to allow for faster implementation of the network, including the Keras package. . The article presents selected methods of diagnosing skin diseases, including the process of classification, features selection, extracting the skin lesion from the whole image.The described methods have been implemented using deep neural networks available in the Keras package. The article draws attention to the effectiveness, specificity, accuracy of classification based on available data sets, attention was paid to tools that allow for more effective operation of algorithms.
A Web Based System for Easy and Secured Managing Process of University Accreditation Information
Authors: Kommey Benjamin , Gyimah Francis , Kponyo Jerry John , Andam-Akorful Samuel Ato
Published: April 2022

Higher institutions run various programs. These programs must be authorized, in other words accredited by a National Institution for accreditation to ensure quality and standards. This research paper aims to provide a convenient way of accreditation for the various programs in universities or institutions of higher learning. The College of Engineering at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) was used as a case study. Using the client-server model, a web-based, very flexible, and well secured accreditation management software was designed to address most of the challenges faced with manual accreditation process of the College of Engineering. The system provides a central database where all accreditation related information of the various programs is stored for easy access and modification by authorized personnel. A secured link and robust access control via authentication were implemented and a user management system was integrated. The system was tested and resulted encouraging outcomes, with some further works are recommended in the future to improve the features of the system.
ética global de la IA en la recuperación del COVID-19: revisión narrativa y análisis ético del Contrato Social Personalista de la optimización de la eficacia de la salud pública y la equidad social impulsada por la IA
Authors: Monlezun Dominique J , Sotomayor Claudia , Peters Nathaniel J , Steigner Laura , Gallagher Colleen M , García Alberto
Published: April 2022

El COVID-19 sigue teniendo un costo devastador para la comunidad humana mundial, tanto desde el punto de vista clínico como financiero, pero también pone de manifiesto las desigualdades sociales estructurales y la ineficacia técnica de los gobiernos y de los sistemas sanitarios de todo el mundo, que siguen luchando por responder y recuperarse de esta crisis histórica. Este artículo pretende ofrecer el primer análisis ético basado en una revisión narrativa de las contramedidas de la inteligencia artificial (IA) con el potencial realista de acelerar y multiplicar las contramedidas para mejorar la gestión pre-, intra- y post-pandémica, optimizando los resultados de la salud pública sin sacrificar la equidad social. Al comenzar con la persona humana en el sistema ético metafísico y antropológico del Contrato Social Personalista en un estilo que es conciso y accesible, este artículo busca unir la ciencia y la ética, las naciones desarrolladas y en desarrollo, las economías basadas en el mercado y las no basadas en el mercado, y los sistemas de creencias religiosas afiliadas y no afiliadas en la visión compartida de un futuro más saludable y más justo para cada paciente y población.
Evolution of barchan dune interactions investigated by a downscaled water tunnel experiment: the temporal characteristics and a soliton-like behavior
Authors: He Nan , Zhang Yang , Lin Yuanwei , Yang Bin , Gao Xin , Jia Pan
Published: April 2022

The downscaled water tunnel experiment can
achieve local similarity in sand dune morphology with the field results while
avoiding the large spatiotemporal scales in field observations. A classic
example is the solitary-wave-like behavior of dunes. A small dune merges in the
upstream face of a large dune and pushes out a dune of similar size from the leeside
of the large dune, which appears as if this small dune goes straight through
the large one under monochromatic conditions. For this phenomenon, the
existence in water tunnel experiments has been confirmed before the satellite
image evidence was established. Aside from the solitary-wave-like
behavior, researchers have discovered several different dune interaction patterns
through water tunnel experiments, which are affected by various factors, such
as flow rate and initial mass ratio of the two dunes. Assumptions show that when
two dunes are close in size, they keep moving at the same celerity because the
size of a dune is inversely proportional to its speed. In this paper, a new
pattern emerges unexpectedly because of the flow structure between the two
dunes. Specifically, the tip of the downstream dune is captured by the reversing
flow produced by the upstream dune and disengages from the body of downstream
one under the conditions of suitable mass ratio and spacing. Together with the
upstream dune, this tip dune displays an amazing soliton-like behavior.
Different from the abovementioned solitary-wave-like behavior, this soliton
realizes the mutual crossing of dunes and the maintenance of self-mass at the
same time within a certain space-time range. The reasons for its occurrence and
the conditions affecting its survival are analyzed.
Second Generation Supraglottic Airway Devices: A Randomized Comparison of the Ambu Aura Gain Versus the LMA Proseal in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgeries
Authors: K Dr. Akila , V Dr. Ravi Shankar , A Dr. Thavamani , P Dr. Keerthana
Published: April 2022

Background: Second generation Supraglottic airway devices are increasingly used in laparoscopic surgeries. Supraglottic airway devices have no effect on pharyngo-esophageal reflex and prevent aspiration. We attempt to elucidate whether Ambu Aura Gain (AAG) would provide a higher Oropharyngeal Leak Pressure (OLP) with a lower mucosal pressure compared to ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway (PLMA). Objective: The present study was done to evaluate and compare Ambu Aura Gain and ProSeal Laryngeal mask airway with respect to number of insertion attempts, ease of insertion, time required for placement, Oropharyngeal leak pressure, hemodynamic changes and complications in laparoscopic surgeries. Method: 60 patients who belong to ASA physical status I & II, posted for laparoscopic surgeries, were divided into two groups of 30 each. Group A (n=30) - Ambu Aura Gain used and Group B (n=30) – ProSeal laryngeal mask used. Result: No significant difference in OLP were observed. Both AAG and PLMA are easy to insert with a similar successful insertion rate on first attempt. The time taken for insertion of AAG was longer than PLMA. Conclusion: AAG provide adequate sealing pressure and easy to insert and can be used effectively as Supraglottic airway device for laparoscopic surgeries.
POTENSI TABIR SURYA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MATOA (POMETIA PINNATA) DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI PELARUT
Authors:   Akademi Farmasi Yarsi Pontianak, Kurnianto Erwan , Rahman Ika Ristia
Published: April 2022

Secondary metabolite compounds that have potential as sunscreens are flavonoids with chromophore groups. Flavonoid compounds are found in the matoa plant (Pometia pinnata). This study aimed to determine the possibility of matoa extract sunscreen with various solvent concentrations. Variations in the concentration of ethanol used were 50%, 70% and 96% ethanol. Matoa leaf simplicia was macerated with each solvent for 3×24 hours. Then the macerate was concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The viscous extract was tested for flavonoid qualitative using the staining method and tested for sunscreen potency using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with absorbance readings at a 290-320 nm wavelength. The potential for sunscreen in the form of an spf value is calculated using the Mansur equation. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of matoa leaves contained flavonoid. Matoa leaf extract has sunscreen potential. The highest SPF value in the extract with 70% ethanol solvent provides ultra protection value.
حكم تطهير الأخوة لبعضهم مع اختلاف الجنس عند الحاجة "دراسة مقارنة"
Authors: المشعري صالح , سميران محمد
Published: March 2022

عالجت هذه الدراسة مسألة طهارة الإخوة والأخوات، بعضهم لبعض عند الحاجة وذلك لما لهذه المسألة من أهمية حيث يكثر السؤال عنها، ولما كان الحكم على الشيء فرع عن تصوره فقد هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن مفهوم الأُخُوَّة؛ التي هي محل البحث، وأسبابها وبيان مفهوم الطهارة بأقسامها الاستنجاء، والوضوء، والغسل؛ للوصول إلى حكم تطهير الإخوة والأخوات بعضهم بعضاً متى اقتضت الحاجة.

وقد استخدم الباحث في دراسته المنهج الاستقرائي، والتحليلي حيث استقرأت جزئيات المسائل للوصول إلى الكليات، وقمت باتباع المنهج التحليلي في بيان وجه الدلالة وتحليلها. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدّة نتائج، كان أهمّها: أسباب الأُخُوَّة ثلاثة: النسب، والأمومة، والرضاع، جواز تنجية، وتَوْضِئَة الأخت لأخيها والعكس عند الحاجة، وجواز غسل كل واحد منهما صاحبه، ومن باب أولى جواز هذه الأمور الثلاثة إذا اتحد الجنس، فالرجال مع الرجال والنساء مع النساء إذا لزم الأمر.
توقيت الوقف في الفقه الإسلامي وقانون الوقف الإماراتي
Authors: الحارثي نجاة , سميران محمد
Published: March 2022

سلطت الدراسة الضوء على توقيت الوقف في الفقه الإسلامي، وقوانين الأوقاف في دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة، وقسمت الدراسة إلى ثلاثة مباحث يسبقها مقدمة، وختمت بخاتمة تضمنت أهم النتائج والتوصيات. وتتجلى مشكلة البحث في توقيت الوقف وأحكامه في الفقه الإسلامي مقارنة بقانون الوقف الاماراتي، واتبعت الدراسة المنهج الاستقرائي بجمع جزئيات المادة العلمية من بطون كتب الفقه للوصول إلى الحكم الكلي، والمنهج التحليلي بحسب الحاجة للوصول إلى الحكم المناسب، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى صحة الوقف المحدد بفترة زمنية، وعدم جوازه على جهة منقطعة، وبجواز الوقف المؤبد في المسجد والمقبرة، وبجواز المؤبد والمؤقت في القانون الإماراتي.
Left Behind: The Dying Principle of Family Reunification Under Immigration Law
Authors: Maddali Anita
Published: March 2022

A key underpinning of modern U.S. immigration law is family reunification, but in practice it can privilege certain families and certain members within families. Drawing on legislative history, this Article examines the origins and objectives of the principle of family reunification in immigration law and relies on legal scholarship and sociological and anthropological research to reveal how contemporary immigration law and policy has diluted the principle for many families—particularly those who do not fit the dominant nuclear family model, those classified as unskilled, and families from oversubscribed countries—and members within families. It explores the ways in which women and children, integral members of a family, are often placed in dependent roles. From this perspective, it suggests that the much-discussed increase of unaccompanied minors and women with children crossing the Southern border has been exacerbated by immigration laws, enforcement, and policy which have confined them to dependent roles, directly affecting family integrity. The failure of immigration law and policy to recognize the social agency of women and children can fracture family integrity when a woman, particularly one who is classified as “unskilled,” or a child heads the migration for a family unit.
Can Prostitution Law Reform Curb Sex Trafficking? Theory and Evidence on Scale Substitution, and Replacement Effects
Authors: Hedlin Simon
Published: March 2022

Sex trafficking, a pervasive problem in many parts of the world, has become increasingly salient to policymakers and the general public. Activists, politicians, and scholars continue to engage in debates about how best to curb it. This Article discusses one especially contentious dimension of these debates: does banning prostitution reduce sex trafficking? Or is legalizing prostitution the optimal approach? Or is there a third, better way? Proceeding both theoretically and empirically, this Article seeks to cast light on the relationship between different types of prostitution laws and the prevalence of sex trafficking and human trafficking. It attempts to make three contributions to the literature. First, it builds on existing theories of the link between the demand for purchased sex and the supply of sex-trafficking victims to create a simple ordinal measure of prostitution laws. This measure, which the Article dubs the Prostitution Law Index (PLI), captures not only whether prostitution overall is legal or illegal, but whether buying sex is legal or illegal and whether selling sex is legal or illegal, which better reflects the actual cross-country variation in prostitution laws. The PLI takes into account scale, substitution, and replacement effects in the market for prostitution, where scale refers to increases in the prevalence of trafficking that are caused by growth of the overall market for prostitution; substitution to decreases in trafficking caused by current consumers who purchase sex with trafficking victims and, based on the risk of criminal sanction, shift to instead purchasing sex with individuals who voluntarily sell sex, thereby crowding out trafficking victims; and replacement to decreases in trafficking caused by new voluntary sellers of sex who, incentivized by changes in prostitution laws, enter the market and crowd out trafficking victims. The PLI ranks prostitution laws across countries on a four-point scale (from 1 to 4), based on their expected effectiveness (from least to most effective) in reducing sex trafficking. Second, the study uses a recent dataset provided by the European Union to map the statistical relationship between PLI scores and prevalence of sex trafficking, based on the Article’s theory of scale, substitution, and replacement effects. The analysis suggests that there generally is an inverse relationship between a country’s PLI score and the prevalence of trafficking in that country. Greater legislative efforts to reduce scale and to increase substitution and replacement appear, on average, to be associated with lower levels of sex trafficking. Third, the Article presents a basic Difference-in-Differences analysis—on the basis of extremely limited data and thus with an unusually large number of caveats— of Norway’s 2009 prostitution law reform. Tentative results indicate that the Norwegian reform, which made it legal to sell but illegal to buy sex, may potentially have helped reduce the prevalence of trafficking there.
La vida es una tómbola: imaginario social comunitario en presencia del Covid-19
Authors: Mora Rosales José Clemente
Published: April 2022

El propósito de este ensayo fue reflexionar acerca de la posibilidad de contagiarse con el COVID-19, al transgredir las normas de autocuidado, lo cual invita a hacerlo desde lo metafórico de la frase “la vida es una tómbola”; para centrar el impacto que sobrevino al escuchar decir “a mí no me va a pasar”, en tanto al recorrer la “ciudad jardín” de Venezuela,  percibí un aspecto del imaginario comunitario, respecto al significado que le otorgaban al riesgo de contagio,  lo que ha alterado  la vida cotidiana de la comunidad. Se trata de un conjunto de voces diversas y sus narraciones compartidas, a las cuales apliqué la hermenéutica de la escucha activa, donde emergen categorías clave del imaginario social comunitario, porque ellos son los protagonistas: la familia, la gente en la calle, expresando el pensamiento urbano acerca del azar de contagio, a propósito de las festividades navideñas.
Dari Teks Menuju Konteks: Semiotika Dharmagita dalam Transformasi Masyarakat Modern
Authors: Yudha Triguna Ida Bagus Gde , Mayuni Anak Agung Inten
Published: April 2022

The tradition of reading, singing, and interpreting religious literary texts gave birth to a didactic method called dharmagita. However, the implementation of the dharmagita tends to prioritize the aesthetic dimension, rather than the didactic dimension, so that it has the potential to hinder the transformation of religious texts in the context of religiosity. This article aims to reveal the semiotics of dharmagita as a strategic transformation of religious texts in the context of modern society. The study was conducted using a qualitative method based on a sociology of literature approach. The results of the study show that modernization affects traditional values ​​so that adaptation strategies are needed so that people are able to follow changes without losing moral and spiritual control. Dharmagita has a transformative role to enlighten society with values ​​in religious texts that are relevant to modern culture. In this context, improving the semiotic skills of dharmagita activists has an important role to optimize their ability to understand, interpret, and contextualize religious literary texts in actual-practical life.
Tematiskās un saturiskās tendences latviešu dzejnieku debijas krājumos 20. gadsimta 60. gados
Authors:   Liepājas Universitāte, Kurzemes Humanitārais institūts, Lāms Edgars
Published: March 2022

In the 1960s, the spectrum of themes in Latvian poetry expanded. During this decade, more than thirty authors release their first collection of poems. Contextually, a large part is still taken up by ideologically engaged themes. This applies to both poetry in general and specifically 1960s debut poem collections. The characteristic themes influenced by the ideology are: the interpretation of the events of World War II, the formation of Soviet life, the admiration of science and technological advancements, depictions of the bad non-socialist “Pre-Soviet” past, criticism towards the capitalist world, praise for the revolutionary processes and personalities from abroad, the motif of friendship between the Soviet socialist republics and the peoples of other socialist countries, et al. However, the distancing from the principles of socialist realism and propaganda is used via different routes: by recognizing one’s local identity, emphasizing the theme of nature, daring to express intimate lyrics, echoing cultural personalities around the world. The attitude of the opposition towards the regime is only possible in subtexts and free-minded associations. The attempt to reveal the problems and negative aspects of Soviet life can be seen in several debut poets’ works. Less ideologized poetry appears in the first books by Aivars Neibarts, Nora Kalna, Egils Plaudis. Already in her very first works, Ārija Elksne writes poetry mostly about her individual experience. Nevertheless, the 1960s poetry written by debut poets is mostly integrated within the Soviet ideological system.
Dažu nozīmīgu krievu autoru darbu rezonanse Latvijā politiskā atkušņa laikā
Authors:   Liepājas Universitāte, Gūtmane Zanda
Published: March 2022

If we want to characterize the development of Latvian Soviet literature during Nikita Khrushchev’s (1894–1971) reign, also known as the period of political thaw or the liberalisation of the Communist regime (1953–1964), it is productive to look at it in the context of Russian literature. The paper is devoted to a parallel description of the literary processes in the Soviet Union and Soviet Latvia during the period of political thaw. The aim of the article: to show the reception process of specific phenomena of Russian literature of political thaw in Latvian periodicals in the 1950s to 1960s. The sources of the research are Latvian literary periodicals Karogs, Literatūra un Māksla. With the help of the comparative literature approach, the way of reception can be shown and possible effects can be recorded. As a result of the research, it can be concluded that initially in Latvian literary periodicals (at the beginning of 1954), there is an increased interest in new phenomena in Russian literature, therefore the reader is soon informed about them. When criticism of literary works of thaw appears in the central press of the USSR, information about the new manifestations disappears from the Latvian press. The renewal of information is visible only in the late 1950s and 1960s. The analysis of these publications shows the replacement of the so-called periods of thaw and freezing in this time.