bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physico-Functional and Starch Pasting Properties of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Cruntz) Flours as Influenced by Processing Technique and Varietal Variations
Authors: Afoakwa E. O. , Sampson Gilbert O. , Nyirenda D. , Mwansa C. N. , Brimer L. , Chiwona-Karltun L.
Published: April 2021

This study investigated effects of processing technique and varietal variations on the physico-functional, starch pasting and viscoelastic properties of cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) flours using a 3x6 factorial experimental approach. Samples were evaluated for their non-volatile acidity, pH, swelling power, solubility water absorption capacity (27oC and 70oC), colour and starch pasting characteristics of the cassava flours using standard methods. Grating and soaking of the cassava tubers significantly (p<0.05) reduced the pH of all the varieties with concomitant increases in non-volatile acidity. Grating and soaking significantly (p<0.05) reduced the swelling power, solubility and water absorption capacity of the flours. Soaked Chila B flour recorded the highest pasting temperature of 66.9°C whiles soaked Mweulu flour recorded the highest peak viscosity (684 BU), viscosity at 95oC (683 BU) and viscosity at 95oC-hold (359 BU), suggesting that the flours from the different cassava varieties could be targeted for different food and industrial products.
 
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important root crop in the world and it provides food for about one billion people globally. It contributes significantly to the economy of most tropical countries through processing into various products. Varietal variation in cassava plays a very important role in the production of diversified food products due to its inherent biochemical characteristics such as starch content, sugar content and pasting characteristics. The biochemical composition in the tubers varies according to varieties. Physico-functional and starch pasting properties of cassava are among the most important parameters used to predict the suitability of flours and starches for certain end product uses, and these would aid the selection of appropriate varieties for use in various food and industrial applications.
Muscle Force Patterns in Lower Extremity Muscles for Elite Discus Throwers, Javelin Throwers and Shot-Putters – A Case Study
Authors: Łysoń-Uklańska Barbara , Błażkiewicz Michalina , Kwacz Monika , Wit Andrzej
Published: April 2021

Optimal release variables, as well as the kinematics and kinetics of athletes, are crucial for the maximization of throwing distance in athletics. Mathematical models and simulations allow throwing techniques to be studied. However, muscle force patterns and the contribution of specific muscle groups in athletics throwing events are not well understood and require detailed research. In this study, important variables of the muscle force generated during the javelin, discus and shot put events were determined using OpenSim software. Musculoskeletal simulations were carried out based on kinematic and kinetic data collected using the Vicon system and Kistler plates with the help of nine top Polish athletes (three in each event). OpenSim software was used to calculate muscle forces and joint velocities. For each discipline, it was found that the main muscle groups involved in the throwing movement were better at distinguishing throwers than joint velocities. The contribution of right ankle plantar flexors at the beginning of the final acceleration phase as well as left hip extensors at the end of the final acceleration phase was given special attention. This work provides a better understanding of the techniques used in athletics throws. Musculoskeletal simulations of throwing styles might help coaches analyze the techniques of individual athletes, resulting in better adjustment of training programmes and injury prevention protocols.
Influence of Biological Maturity on the Muscular Strength of Young Male and Female Swimmers
Authors: Costa Taline , Murara Pedro , Vancini Rodrigo , Lira Claudio , Andrade Marilia
Published: April 2021

The present study compared the evolution of strength and muscle mass in swimmers of both sexes across different chronological and biological ages. Seventy-six swimmers (55 males and 21 females) from 10 to 20 years of age underwent evaluations of sexual maturation using the developmental stage of the genitals (G1, G2, G3 G4 and G5) and pubic hair (P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5) (Tanner criteria), lean mass using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method, and isokinetic strength of the knee extensor muscles. Boys did not present a significant difference in strength among G1, G2, and G3 (p > 0.05) nor between 10 and 13 years of age (p > 0.05), although significant differences in strength of the extensor (p = 0.038) muscles of the knee were found between G3 and G4 and between athletes of 10 and 14 years of age (extensor muscles, p = 0.033). Muscle mass was different between G3 and G4 (p = 0.003) and between 10 and 14 years of age (p = 0.020). The mean age of boys in the G4 pubertal stage was 13.7 ± 2.0 years, although from 12 to 16 years of age, boys are typically in the G4 stage. Girls showed no significant differences in strength nor muscle mass among the pubertal stages (p > 0.05). We conclude that by equating boys by chronological age, individuals with different pubertal development levels, muscle mass, and strength levels can be grouped. Therefore, the relationship between the level of pubertal deve-lopment and chronological age seems to be a useful strategy for grouping boys, while grouping girls by chronological age seems adequate for training and competition.
Different Training Methods Cause Similar Muscle Damage in Youth Judo Athletes
Authors: Đerek Antonijo , Karninčić Hrvoje , Franchini Emerson , Krstulović Saša , Kuvačić Goran
Published: April 2021

It is well known that different factors can contribute to muscle damage in judo matches or training. Previous research analyzed only the effects of simulated judo combat or judo training on biochemical markers of muscle damage without determining its specific causes. Our objective was to identify possible differences in biochemical markers of muscular damage in response to different training methods in youth judo athletes. Twelve high-level male judo athletes were randomly assigned to a standing (SP, n = 6, age = 16.6 ± 1.1 years) or a groundwork (GP, n = 6, age = 17.8 ± 0.8 years) position combat practice group. Both groups had the same protocol of four 4-minute combat practice bouts separated by 1-minute rest intervals. Before and immediately after combat practice blood samples were taken to assess muscle damage markers: creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). There were significant increases in AST, LDH, and CK after the standing and groundwork training sessions compared with resting values in both groups. Additionally, no significant differences in the enzyme's activity between SP and GP groups were found. These results showed that standing and groundwork randori training (free sparring or free practice) causes similar muscle damage in adolescent judo athletes. Future research should assess the effects of the same damage mechanisms over a longer period of time
Does Youth Soccer Players’ Group Cooperation Improve when Pitch, Goal, and Team Size Are Reduced?
Authors: García-Angulo Antonio , Ortega-Toro Enrique , Giménez-Egido José , Olmedilla Aurelio , García-Mas Alexandre , Manuel Palao José
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of the modification of the pitch size, goal size, and the number of players per team on the level of cooperation in youth soccer players (U-12). A quasi-experimental design was implemented to measure the effects of the changes in the number of players per team (8-a-side vs. 5-a-side), goal size (6 x 2 m vs. 3 x 2 m), and field size (58 x 38 m vs. 38 x 20 m) on the cooperation. Four soccer teams under-12 (n = 48 players) participated in three tournaments (standard rules; proposed rules; standard rules). The five variables of cooperation were measured using the “Sports Cooperation Questionnaire”: conditional cooperation, cooperation with the coach, disposition of unconditional cooperation, situational cooperation with teammates, and situational cooperation outside the field of play. Players presented the same level of cooperation in conditional cooperation, situational cooperation with teammates, and situational cooperation outside the field of play with both types of rules. The modification of rules involved a reduction of the cooperation with the coach and a disposition of unconditional cooperation. The causes of the reduction may be related to players’ adaptation to new tactical dispositions and game situations. Future studies are needed of player’s cooperation and different competition rules in youth sports.
Applying the Input-Process-Outcome Model to Team Learning in Sport Sciences: An Exploratory Qualitative Study on Twenty Soccer Players
Authors: Kérivel Thibault , Bossard Cyril , Kermarrec Gilles
Published: April 2021

In sport science literature, referring to the Input-Process-Outcome (IPO) model, few studies demonstrated links between team training and team learning despites several calls for empirical studies. Thus, this study aimed at exploring systemically the building process of the interpersonal coordination by focusing on (1) a specific antecedent (i.e., video feedback during practice), (2) the influence of this antecedent on the team learning process, and (3) outcomes from this process as shared cognitive contents. Thus, this study was original by examining empirically the IPO model in a sport-training context. Our study showed that Input influenced the specific learning Process during practice (five processes) and video feedback sessions (five processes) and produced Outcomes (six typical shared cognitive contents). Finally, results are discussed in relation to team learning processes theoretically identified in the literature and an IPO soccer model adapted to team learning in a soccer context is proposed.
Effects of Acute Caffeine Intake on Power Output and Movement Velocity During a Multiple-Set Bench Press Exercise Among Mild Caffeine Users
Authors: Filip-Stachnik Aleksandra , Krzysztofik Michal , Kaszuba Magdalena , Leznicka Katarzyna , Kostrzewa Maciej , Del Coso Juan , Wilk Michal
Published: April 2021

The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an acute dose of caffeine (6 mg/kg body mass (b.m.)) on power output and bar velocity during a bench press multiple-set resistance training session in participants with mild daily caffeine consumption (in the range of 1 to 3 mg/kg/b.m). Thirteen recreationally active male participants (age: 21.9 ± 1.2 years, body mass: 74.4 ± 5.3 kg, body mass index: 23.1 ± 1.6 kg/m2, bench press onerepetition maximum (1RM): 79.2 ± 14.9 kg), with daily caffeine ingestion of 1.56 ± 0.56 mg/kg/b.m., participated in the study with a randomized double-blind experimental design. Each participant performed two identical experimental sessions, 60 min after the intake of a placebo (PLAC) or 6 mg/kg/b.m. of caffeine (CAF-6). In each experimental session, participants performed 5 sets of 5 repetitions of the bench press exercise with a load equivalent to 70% 1RM. The eccentric and concentric phases of the bench press exercise were performed at maximal possible velocity in each repetition. Bar velocity was recorded with a linear position transducer and power output was calculated using velocity and load data. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA indicated no significant substance x set interaction for mean power output (MP), mean bar velocity (MV), peak power output (PP) and peak bar velocity (PV). However, there was a significant main effect of substance on MP (p < 0.01; η2 = 0.47) and MV (p < 0.01; η2 =0.45). Post hoc analysis for main effect revealed that MP and MV values in the CAF-6 group were higher than in the PLAC group in all 5 sets of the exercise (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that an acute dose of caffeine before resistance exercise increased mean power output and mean bar velocity during a multiple-set bench press exercise protocol among mild caffeine users.
The Effects of High Mineral Alkaline Water Consumed over Three Consecutive Days on Reaction Time Following Anaerobic Exercise – A Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Crossover Pilot Study
Authors: Steffl Michal , Kinkorova Ivana , Talar Karolina , Jandova Tereza , Moulisova Karolina , Omcirk Dan , Malecek Jan , Chrudimsky Jan , Wilk Michał , Stastny Petr , Petr Miroslav
Published: April 2021

Drinking alkaline water after intense anaerobic exercise may enhance both cognitive and physical performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high mineral alkaline water consumed over three consecutive days on reaction time after anaerobic exercise in twelve healthy young males (aged 21.1 ± 1.3 years) with a valid sports medical examination. Participants were excluded when they took any medications or performance-enhancing supplements for the period of at least four weeks before the study commenced. Participants were randomly divided into two groups in this double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover pilot study. They ingested either alkaline water (AW) or regular table water ( RTW) for three consecutive days before anaerobic exercise. The anaerobic exercise consisted of two 2-min high-intensity step-tests with a passive rest interval of 3 minutes between the two bouts of exercise. Performance in the step-test (W), reaction time for visual and auditory signals, the rate of perceived exertion (RPE), urine specific gravity, and lactate concentration were analysed. No effect of AW was found on reaction time and the other variables except anaerobic performance. An-aerobic performance was significantly higher after ingestion of AW in both step-tests (p < 0.05). The ingestion of AW for three consecutive days before anaerobic exercise seems to positively affect anaerobic performance.
Supply of immigrant entrepreneurs and native entrepreneurship
Authors: Ghimire Keshar M.
Published: April 2021

Using nationally representative data from the United States, the author estimates the causal impact of immigrant entrepreneurship on entrepreneurial propensities of natives. The author draws data from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey and uses within-state variation in supply of immigrant entrepreneurs for identification. To address concerns of endogeneity in the supply of immigrant entrepreneurs, the author takes advantage of a quasi-experiment provided by the State Children's Health Insurance Program. While the Ordinary Least Squares estimates indicate a positive effect, the Two Stage Least Squares estimates suggest that, on average, there is no significant effect of immigrant entrepreneurs on native entrepreneurship. Moreover, there is no net effect on subgroups of natives separated by skill level. There is also some evidence that immigrant entrepreneurs may “crowd-in” Blacks into certain types of self-employment. These results are in contrast to the significant negative impact suggested by the previous literature.
Unlinkable Updatable Hiding Databases and Privacy-Preserving Loyalty Programs
Authors: Damodaran Aditya , Rial Alfredo
Published: April 2021

Loyalty programs allow vendors to profile buyers based on their purchase histories, which can reveal privacy sensitive information. Existing privacy-friendly loyalty programs force buyers to choose whether their purchases are linkable. Moreover, vendors receive more purchase data than required for the sake of profiling. We propose a privacy-preserving loyalty program where purchases are always unlinkable, yet a vendor can profile a buyer based on her purchase history, which remains hidden from the vendor. Our protocol is based on a new building block, an unlinkable updatable hiding database (HD), which we define and construct. HD allows the vendor to initialize and update databases stored by buyers that contain their purchase histories and their accumulated loyalty points. Updates are unlinkable and, at each update, the database is hidden from the vendor. Buyers can neither modify the database nor use old versions of it. Our construction for HD is practical for large databases.
Three Years Later: A Study of MAC Address Randomization In Mobile Devices And When It Succeeds
Authors: Fenske Ellis , Brown Dane , Martin Jeremy , Mayberry Travis , Ryan Peter , Rye Erik
Published: April 2021

Mobile device manufacturers and operating system developers increasingly deploy MAC address randomization to protect user privacy and prevent adversaries from tracking persistent hardware identifiers. Early MAC address randomization implementations suffered from logic bugs and information leakages that defeated the privacy benefits realized by using temporary, random addresses, allowing devices and users to be tracked in the wild. Recent work either assumes these implementation flaws continue to exist in modern MAC address randomization implementations, or considers only dated software or small numbers of devices.

In this work, we revisit MAC address randomization by performing a cross-sectional study of 160 models of mobile phones, including modern devices released subsequent to previous studies. We tested each of these phones in a lab setting to determine whether it uses randomization, under what conditions it randomizes its MAC address, and whether it mitigates known tracking vulnerabilities.

Our results show that, although very new phones with updated operating systems generally provide a high degree of privacy to their users, there are still many phones in wide use today that do not effectively prevent tracking.
Faster homomorphic comparison operations for BGV and BFV
Authors: Iliashenko Ilia , Zucca Vincent
Published: April 2021

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) allows to compute any function on encrypted values. However, in practice, there is no universal FHE scheme that is effi-cient in all possible use cases. In this work, we show that FHE schemes suitable for arithmetic circuits (e.g. BGV or BFV) have a similar performance as FHE schemes for non-arithmetic circuits (TFHE) in basic comparison tasks such as less-than, maximum and minimum operations. Our implementation of the less-than function in the HElib library is up to 3 times faster than the prior work based on BGV/BFV. It allows to compare a pair of 64-bit integers in 11 milliseconds, sort 64 32-bit integers in 19 seconds and find the minimum of 64 32-bit integers in 9.5 seconds on an average laptop without multi-threading.
Awareness, Adoption, and Misconceptions of Web Privacy Tools
Authors: Story Peter , Smullen Daniel , Yao Yaxing , Acquisti Alessandro , Cranor Lorrie Faith , Sadeh Norman , Schaub Florian
Published: April 2021

Privacy and security tools can help users protect themselves online. Unfortunately, people are often unaware of such tools, and have potentially harmful misconceptions about the protections provided by the tools they know about. Effectively encouraging the adoption of privacy tools requires insights into people’s tool awareness and understanding. Towards that end, we conducted a demographically-stratified survey of 500 US participants to measure their use of and perceptions about five web browsing-related tools: private browsing, VPNs, Tor Browser, ad blockers, and antivirus software. We asked about participants’ perceptions of the protections provided by these tools across twelve realistic scenarios. Our thematic analysis of participants’ responses revealed diverse forms of misconceptions. Some types of misconceptions were common across tools and scenarios, while others were associated with particular combinations of tools and scenarios. For example, some participants suggested that the privacy protections offered by private browsing, VPNs, and Tor Browser would also protect them from security threats – a misconception that might expose them to preventable risks. We anticipate that our findings will help researchers, tool designers, and privacy advocates educate the public about privacy- and security-enhancing technologies.
Investigation of Apoptotic and Inflammatory Activity in Liver Tissue of Rats Fed with Clam (Pecten maximus, Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: İrkin Latife Ceyda
Published: April 2021

One of the most important threats for living things in aquatic ecosystems is environmental pollution. The changes in water quality caused by environmental pollution also reduce the quality of life for organisms in the environment. Among these, the crustaceans which are most affected by the negative changes of environment, fed by the filtration method, are seen as pollution indicator. The consumption of these creatures reaches all steps of the pyramid, especially humans, through the food chain. People who frequently use seafood in their diets may be affected by these negative changes. Heavy metal contents of the clams obtained from Dardanelles were determined by the ICPOES. Twenty-four female Wistar albino rats were fed for 30 days with the experimental diet using clams (Pecten maximus), which was dried and formed into pellets and added to the food in certain proportions. At the end of the study, the subjects were sacrificed under anesthesia, liver tissues were taken, and histochemical examination was performed. TUNEL method was performed to detect apoptotic activity, and immunohistochemical staining with TNF-α and NF-κB antibodies to determine inflammation. Concluding from the results, it was observed that the degeneration of vital digestive system tissues such as liver was inevitable in living creatures that frequently consume seafood obtained from unhealthy environment in their daily diets. The high analysis values of the heavy metal (P. maximus) in food additive can be considered as a reason for histopathological results.
Effects of Interference on Local Peak Pressures Between Two Buildings with an Elliptical Cross-Section
Authors: Franek Michal , Macák Marek
Published: April 2021

The interference effects on the distribution of external wind pressure coefficient between two high-rise buildings with an elliptical cross section were studied experimentally at the Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel (BLWT) at the Faculty of Civil Engineering STU in Bratislava, Slovakia. Various arrangements of models, which were derived from the breadth ratio, were investigated. The peak value of the external wind pressure coefficient for a stand-alone model was measured and compared with the peak value in the case of interference. The measurements showed that the wind loads on buildings in a close vicinity are considerably different from those on a stand-alone building. The interference effects significantly affect negative pressure zones. The optimal and critical arrangements of buildings were evaluated. The elimination of peak negative external wind pressure coefficients can be reduced by half. On the other hand, the interference effects had a strong impact on increasing the peak value of the negative external wind pressure coefficient, which can be more than roughly double compared to an isolated building.
Secondary Tumor Arising in a Nevus Sebaceous
Authors: Jeremić Gajinov Biljana , Prćić Sonja , Simić Milana Ivkov , Vučković Nada , Matić Milan , Golušin Zoran , Vujanović Ljuba
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Nevus sebaceous is a rare congenital hamartoma, composed of epidermis, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and hair follicles. It is possible to develop secondary tumors in the area of nevus sebaceous during the lifetime, most often after puberty. Secondary lesions are most often benign, while malignant lesions may occur but significantly less frequently.

Case report. We present the case of a 21-year-old patient who came for an examination due to the appearance of a nodule in the area of a yellowish lesion on the head. The yellowish lesion was present since birth, and the nodule appeared about a year before. The dermoscopic examination of the lesion was nonspecific. The final diagnosis of eccrine poroma as a secondary lesion in nevus sebaceous was made by pathohisto-logical analysis.

Conclusion. Every secondary tumor in nevus sebaceous deserves full attention, with either close follow up, or excision with pathohistological analysis.
Housing challenges, mid-sized cities and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Van der Merwe Justin , Doucet Brian
Published: April 2021

This article examines key housing challenges in mid-sized cities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two questions guide our critical reflection: understanding to what extent the pandemic represents new challenges and what planners can do to respond to them? We use the example of the Region of Waterloo, situated 100km west of Toronto and one of Canada’s fastest growing urban areas. Waterloo has many similar characteristics to other mid-sized cities within commuting distance of large urban regions. In this article, we focus on two of the biggest (and inter-related) housing issues: inward migration from the Toronto Region and growing unaffordability. Both these challenges long-predate the COVID-19 pandemic, but there are early indicators that they are accelerating because of it. By rooting the challenges of the pandemic within longer trends and trajectories, our critical reflection suggests that many solutions that have long been understood to address housing inequalities are still important during the pandemic. Rather than devising new solutions, we argue that the pandemic requires implementing ideas called upon for years by researchers and advocates and more proactive planning to address market deficiencies.
Uremic Leontiasis Ossea
Authors: Heard Bryonna , Raj Karuna , Yu Fang Frank , Agarwal Amit
Published: April 2021

While renal osteodystrophy is a common complication of chronic renal failure which is caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism, it is rare that the bony changes result in a severe progressive overgrowth of the bones of the face such that the patient is at risk for breathing and feeding difficulties. When this occurs, it is called uremic leontiasis ossea and patients who suffer from this rare, severe complication of renal osteodystrophy may go undiagnosed or be misdiagnosed resulting improper management due to its limited discussion in the literature. We report a case of a 42-year-old man with end-stage renal disease who was unable to receive dialysis consistently for many years who was found to have a large hard mass on the palate and palate ulcers.
Using ATR-FTIR Spectra and Convolutional Neural Networks for Characterizing Mixed Plastic Waste
Authors: Jiang Shengli , Xu Zhuo , Kamran Medhavi , Zinchik Stas , Paheding Sidike , McDonald Armando , Bar-Ziv Ezra , Zavala Victor
Published: April 2021

We present a convolutional neural network (CNN) framework for classifying different types of plastic materials that are commonly found in mixed plastic waste (MPW) streams. The CNN framework uses experimental ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) spectra to classify ten different plastic types. We show that the approach reaches accuracies of over 87% and that some plastic types can be perfectly classified.
Exergoeconomic and Optimization Analysis of Cogeneration Steam Power Plants Based on the Thermoeconomic Approach
Authors: Malik F. Elmzughi , Mawadda A. Bahoor , Elhadi I. Dekam , Elham M. Radwan
Published: April 2021

This paper concerns the thermoeconomic analyses of a cogeneration steam power plant cycle with a total capacity of 350 MW. The exergy destruction and improvement potential of each component is calculated. Moreover, exergoeconomic factors, total cost, and exergy related costs were calculated to determine the influence of each component and to find the best way of decreasing generation costs. The methodology is based on the Theory of Exegetic cost. Thermodynamic properties of the inlet and outlet points of each component in the steam plant have been specified via the Thermax program, and economic analyses by employing both Excel and Matlab software packages. Under the considered status, the analysis shows that the maximum amount of exergy destruction and potential improvement occurs in the boiler, with 75% and 81%, respectively, and the exergetic efficiency has been 66.21% for the whole power plant cycle. The exergoeconomic factors and the total costs are calculated individually and for the whole plant cycle. The unit cost of steam, work, and cooling water for the plant are found. The unit cost of steam, work, and cooling water for the plant, in which they are found to be 0.030, 0.014, and 0.45$/kWh, respectively. Referring to the comparison with the simple power cycle under the same conditions, the steam unit cost remains mostly the same for both power cycles, while the work unit is widely different.
Defining the solution space to accelerate climate change adaptation
Authors: Haasnoot M , Biesbroek R , Lawrence Judith , Muccione V , Lempert R , Glavovic B
Published: April 2021

Decision makers need better insights about solutions to accelerate adaptation efforts. Defining the concept of solution space and revealing the forces and strategies that influence this space will enable decision makers to define pathways for adaptation action. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
Las herramientas TICS en la gestión pedagógica
Authors: Casanova-Zamora Tannia Alexandra , Piñas-Morales María Belén , Paredes-Peñaherrera Antonio , Avalos-Pérez Miguel Angel
Published: April 2021

En la actualidad el docente y el alumno tienen la posibilidad de interactuar con diferentes materiales educativos. Al hablar del uso de las herramientas tecnológicas en el aula, no se debe dejar llevar por el pensamiento de que todas las aulas deben disponer de equipos informáticos o que necesariamente el docente sea un experto en el uso del computador. Sin embargo se puede hacer uso de la tecnología con la que cuenta la institución, aprovechándolo al máximo. En el trabajo diario se necesitan recursos que apoyen a la gestión pedagógica sean estos libros, ilustraciones mapas, esquemas, entre otros pero agracias a las herramientas tecnológicas se puede ampliar el contenido de una manera atractiva para el estudiante, trabajando de manera cooperativa y colaborativa. La presente investigación tiene por objetivo analizar el impacto de la utilización de las herramientas tecnológicas como apoyo en la gestión pedagógica a los docentes de la Unidad Educativa Simón Rodríguez de la parroquia de Licán, provincia de Chimbroazo, a través del proyecto de vinculación denominado Fortalecimiento a la gestión institucional de los gobiernos descentralizados parroquiales de la provincia de Chimborazo, de la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo. Es de tipo descriptivo y explicativo con enfoque cuanti-cualitativo, utilizando el paradigma socio crítico e integrador. Como resultado de las capacitaciones se puedo evidenciar que el 55% de docentes han fortalecido el empleo de las metodologías activas en el proceso de enseñanza. El éxito o fracaso de las innovaciones educativas, depende en gran parte de la forma en que los actores educativos interpretan, redefinen filtran y dan forma a los cambios propuestos. La innovación desde un punto funcional puede ser interpretada como la incorporación de una idea práctica.
Teşekkül Döneminde Hanefiliğin Farklı Coğrafyalara Yayılması
Authors: DUMAN Soner , HOYLADI Adnan
Published: April 2021

Hanefi mezhebi re’y geleneğinin bir hukuk okulu olarak tekamüle ermesi neticesinde Irak’ta doğmuş, çok geniş bir coğrafyaya yayılmıştır. Hanefi düşüncenin uzak şehirlere girip buralarda yayılması ilk dönemlerde Ebû Hanîfe’nin öğrencileri vasıtasıyla gerçekleşmiştir. Genellikle yeni Müslüman olanlar, dinlerini öğrenmek ve ilim tahsil etmek üzere devletin başkenti Kûfe ve Bağdat’a geliyor ve buradaki ders halkalarına katılıyorlardı. Emevilerin Arap olmayan Müslümanlara (mevâlî) karşı ırkçı bir tutumu, fıkıh öğrenmek Bağdat’a gelen öğrencilerin bir mevâlî olan Ebû Hanîfe’yi tercih etmelerinde etkili olmuştur. Hadis ve fıkıh eğitimini tamamlayan öğrenciler, memleketlerine dönmüş ve buralarda ders halkaları teşkil ederek Ebû Hanîfe’nin gerek fıkhî gerekse kelamî görüşlerini rivayet etmişlerdir. Ebû Hanîfe, kendisi de bunu öğrencilerinden istemiş olmalıdır. O, Yusuf b. Hâlid es-Semtî’yi çeşitli tavsiyeler vererek Basra’ya göndermiş, ancak o bu tavsiyelere dikkat etmemesi sebebiyle başarılı olamamıştır. Ebû Hanîfe, daha sonra Basra’ya Züfer b. Hüzeyl’i göndermiş ve o, Ebû Hanîfe’nin tavsiyelerini yerine getirerek başarılı olmuştur. Mu‘tezile’nin güçlü olduğu Basra’da Ebû Hanîfe’nin gerek fıkhî, gerekse de kelamî görüşleri kabul görmüştür. Bu durum Ebû Hanîfe’nin en azından Basra için planlı bir çalışmaya girdiğini göstermektedir. Diğer bölgeler için de aynı durum söz konusu olabilir. Memleketlerine dönen öğrencilerin faaliyetleri, Ebû Hanîfe’nin şöhretini artırmış ve uzak şehirlerden fıkıh tahsili için Ebû Hanîfe’nin ders halkasına gelenlerin sayısını artırmıştır. Hanefi düşünceyi yerinde öğrenmek isteyenler Bağdat’a gelerek Ebû Yusuf ve İmam Muhammed’in derslerine katılmışlardır. Burada kurucu metinleri gerek istinsah ederek gerekse de ezberleyerek yaşadıkları bölgelere götürmüşler ve oralarda Hanefi düşüncenin yerleşmesine katkıda bulunmuşlardır. Hicri ikinci asırda yoğun bir şekilde devam eden bu hareketlilik üçüncü hicri asırda azalmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle hicri üçüncü asrın ortalarından itibaren Horasan ve Mâverâünnehir şehirleri arasında bu hareketlilik artmıştır. Bu durumda Ebû Hanîfe’nin öğrencilerinin vefat etmesi ve sonraki nesil öğrencilerin farklı şehirlere dağılması etkili olmuştur.
Kızılçam ve Karaçam Tohum Bahçelerinde Gen Çeşitliliği
Authors: BİLİR Nebi
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışma, Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) ve Karaçam (Pinus nigra Arnold.)’ın 2003 yılı öncesinde tesis edilen, günümüzde 20’si iptal edilen olmak üzere 113 klonal tohum bahçesi üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Orman Ağaçları ve Tohumları Islah Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü’nden sağlanan veriler ışığında, çalışmaya konu tohum bahçelerinde, etkili klon sayıları hesaplanmış ve bu parametre yardımıyla, gen çeşitliliği tahmin edilerek, tesis edilen ve edilecek tohum bahçelerinin bakım, idare ve diğer uygulamalarına katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, bahçeler arası geniş farklılık bulunmakla birlikte, aktif Kızılçam tohum bahçelerinde ortalama klon sayısı 40,7, etkili klon sayısı 32,0 (etkili klon yüzdesi %85,1) ve gen çeşitliği 0,982 tahmin edilmiştir. Bu tahminler Karaçam’da sırasıyla 32,3, 28,2 (%89,6) ve 0,981’dir. İptal edilen tohum bahçeleri ise aktif tohum bahçelerinden daha düşük ortalama klon ve etkili klon sayısı ile gen çeşitliği değerlerine sahiptir. Buna bağlı olarak, tohum bahçesinin tesisinde kullanılan ramet sayısına ilişkin varyasyon katsayısı ise iptal edilen tohum bahçelerinde, aktif tohum bahçelerine oranla daha yüksektir. Çalışma sonuçları, tohum bahçelerinin tesis, ıslah ve bakım çalışmaları bağlamında tartışılarak, tohum bahçelerinin idaresine yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Educación física en Colombia: área fundamental y formación docente
Authors: Valencia Moreno John Edwin , Ayala-Zuluaga José Enver
Published: April 2021

Resumen
El presente artículo de revisión tiene como propósito abordar elementos que generen reflexión sobre la educación fisica como área fundamental y los procesos de formación de los profesores. Inicialmente se realiza una contextualización del país, posteriormente se abordan aspectos que contribuyeron en la consolidación del área, sus necesidades sociales e influencias políticas, continuando con una breve reconstrucción histórica de la formación docente. Finalmente, se interpretan los programas de formación actual a nivel de pregrado y postgrado para analizar su articulación y calidad.Palabras clave: Educación Física. Formación Docente. Programas de Formación.
Physical education in Colombia: fundamental area and teacher training
Abstract
The purpose of this article of revision is to address elements that generate reflection on physical education as a fundamental area and the training processes of teachers. Initially, a contextualization of the country is carried out, later aspects that contributed to the consolidation of the area, its social needs and political influences are addressed, continuing with a brief historical reconstruction of teacher training. Finally, the current training programs are interpreted at the graduation and postgraduate level to analyze their articulation and quality.Keywords: Physical Education. Teacher Training. Formation Programs.
Educação física na Colômbia: área fundamental e formação de professores 
Resumo
O objetivo deste artigo de revisão é abordar elementos que geram reflexão sobre a educação física como área fundamental e os processos de formação de professores. Inicialmente, é realizada uma contextualização do país, posteriormente são abordados os aspectos que contribuíram para a consolidação da área, suas necessidades sociais e influências políticas, dando continuidade a uma breve reconstrução histórica da formação docente. Por fim, os atuais programas de formação são interpretados em nível de graduação e da pós-graduação para analisar a sua articulação e qualidade.Palavras-chave: Educação Física. Formação Docente. Programas de Formação.
A mixed methods needs assessment and gap analysis for establishment of a cancer research training program in East Africa
Authors: Nyagabona Sarah K , Mushi Beatrice P , Selekwa Musiba , Philipo Godfrey S , Haddadi Sumaiya , Kadhim Emilie F , Breithaupt Lindsay , Maongezi Sarah , Mwaiselage Julius , Balandya Emmanuel , Leyna Germana H , Van Loon Katherine , Mmbaga Elia J
Published: April 2021

Background

The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cancer, in Africa is rising. Policymakers are charged with formulating evidence-based cancer control plans; however, there is a paucity of data on cancers generated from within Africa. As part of efforts to enhance cancer research training in East Africa, we performed a needs assessment and gap analysis of cancer-related research training resources in Tanzania.

Methods

A mixed-methods study to evaluate existing individual, institutional, and national resources supporting cancer research training in Tanzania was conducted. Qualitative data were collected using in-depth interviews while quantitative data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and online surveys. The study also included a desk-review of policy and guidelines related to NCD research and training. Study participants were selected to represent five groups: (i) policymakers; (ii) established researchers; (iii) research support personnel; (iv) faculty members in degree training programs; and (v) post-graduate trainees.

Results

Our results identified challenges in four thematic areas. First, there is a need for coordination and monitoring of the cancer research agenda at the national level. Second, both faculty and trainees identified the need for incorporation of rigorous training to improve research competencies. Third, sustained mentoring and institutional investment in development of mentorship resources is critical to empowering early career investigators. Finally, academic institutions can enhance research outputs by providing adequate research infrastructure, prioritizing protected time for research, and recognizing research accomplishments by trainees and faculty.

Conclusions

As we look towards establishment of cancer research training programs in East Africa, investment in the development of rigorous research training, mentorship resources, and research infrastructure will be critical to empowering local health professionals to engage in cancer research activities.
Changes in community knowledge and attitudes related to female genital fistula following the implementation of a multi-component intervention in Nigeria and Uganda
Authors: Kirk Karen , Sripad Pooja , Ndwiga Charity , Nwala Emmanuel , Odwe George , Warren Charlotte
Published: April 2021

Background

Despite well-documented individual-level barriers to fistula care access including limited awareness, psychosocial deterrents, and contextual factors, less is known about how these factors manifest and operate at community level. Social normative community perspectives – their knowledge, attitudes and actions in relation to women living with fistula – can offer insight into this mechanism. Our study describes changes in fistula knowledge and attitudes toward those living with fistula among community members in Nigeria and Uganda following implementation of a multi-component intervention addressing treatment barriers.

Methods

This study adopts a pre-post qualitative design with a comparison site and draws on focus group discussions with female and male community members from three sites in Nigeria and Uganda. Transcripts were analyzed for passages presenting community knowledge and attitudes related to fistula and perceptions of women living with fistula. Summary memos were developed and used to compare viewpoints across study sites and time points and between men and women.

Results

Community members demonstrated basic knowledge of symptoms of fistula and mixed understanding of its causes; prolonged obstructed labor and iatrogenic causes were most known. Myths and misconceptions around fistula causes commonly relate to incorrect biomedical understanding, witchcraft, and promiscuity. To varying degrees, fistula cause knowledge increased, and misinformation decreased among endline intervention groups with less observed change in endline comparison groups. Awareness that fistula can be surgically repaired free of charge at fistula centers varied across study regions, with higher awareness among individuals who personally knew someone who experienced repair at a center. Although community members at baseline and endline perceive shame and stigma as affecting women living with fistula, community attitudes toward these women show an increase in empathy at endline in intervention areas.

Conclusions

Community empathy and willingness to help women living with fistula, coupled with reduction in misinformation regarding fistula, its cause and how to access treatment, is an incremental outcome associated with the implementation of a multi-component intervention to address treatment barriers. However, findings reveal that social and behavioral change happens slowly and that further programmatic research on society-targeted approaches emphasizing comprehensive community understanding of fistula and stigma reduction is needed.
MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBAHAN LOOSE PART DALAM PEMBELAJARAN EKSAK DI MI KEDUNGWULUH LOR
Authors: Muryaningsih Sri
Published: April 2021

Media is a tool that is used to convey informatiabson from the sender of the message to the recipient of the message. Learning media is defined as a tool used by teachers to convey learning material to students, and a means of communication between students and students. There are problems such as the use of learning media at MI Muhammadiyah Kedungwuluh Lor is not optimal. This activity seeks to provide assistance in creating and using learning media, especially in exact subjects so that student learning outcomes are getting better.
Canine transmissible veneral tumor:etiology, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: KÜÇÜKBEKİR Çağla Nur , GÜNAY UÇMAK Zeynep , TEK Çağatay
Published: April 2021

Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a round cell type neoplasia that is transmitted by mating and physical transfer of tumor cells. It is one of the most common benign tumors in dogs that can be seen in both gender. The external genital area is the main location of the tumor. However, internal organ metastasis has been reported. The most common clinical signs are lobular masses which are seen in the caudal part of the penis, in the posterior region of the vagina and at the vestibulovaginal junction. Nodular lesions with rapid bleeding are the most pronounced clinical finding. Initially, the small tumor forms into a large ulcerated mass in the next periods. Simultaneously, the volume of the tumor increases and the lesions are seen multilobular, cauliflower-like, brittle, hyperemic, and hemorrhagic. The most practical diagnostic method of the tumor is vaginal cytology. Cytology findings are characterized by the round or oval cells which have, pale blue or colorless cytoplasm with cytoplasmic vacuoles and a prominent nucleus. Chemotheraphy is the most effective treatment method. The weekly intravenous administration of vincristine suplhate given for 3 weeks on average reveals that the treatment success rate is beyond 90%. In this review, etiology, clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment of TVT are presented.
Mutiny, Mayhem, Mythology
Authors: Frost Alan
Published: April 2021

For the past 225 years, the story of the Bounty's voyage has captured the public's imagination. Two compelling characters emerge at the forefront of the mutiny: Lieutenant William Bligh, and his deputy – and ringleader of the mutiny – Acting Lieutenant Fletcher Christian. One is a villain and the other a hero – who plays each role depends on how you view the story. With multiple narratives and incomplete information, some paint Bligh as tyrannical and abusive, and Christian as his deputy who broke under extreme emotional pressure. Others view Bligh as a victim and a hero, and Christian self-indulgent and underhanded. Alan Frost looks past these common narrative structures to shed new light on what truly happened during the infamous expedition. Reviewing previous accounts and explanations of the voyage and subsequent mutiny, and placing it within a broader historical context, Frost investigates the mayhem, mutiny and mythology of the Bounty.
Swedish Universities Scales of Personality: Relation to Other Personality Instruments
Authors: Fagerberg Tomas , Söderman Erik , Gustavsson J Petter , Agartz Ingrid , G Jönsson Erik
Published: April 2021

Objective To investigate associations between Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP) and scales of the following personality instruments: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R axis II screening questionnaire (SCID-II screen), revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R), revised Chapman scales (Chapman) and the psychotic traits questionnaire (STQ).Methods Healthy individuals (n=406) completed self-report personality questionnaires including SSP and at least one more personality inventory. Correlations were calculated between the 13 different SSP subscales as well as SSP’s three factors and factors and scales/subscales in SCID-II screen, NEO-PI-R, Chapman and STQ. The main factors of the various instruments were factor analysed. ICC were calculated.Results SSP Neuroticism factor correlated with SCID-II cluster C (r=0.71), NEO Neuroticism (r=0.80) and Chapman Social anhedonia (r=0.62). SSP Extraversion factor correlated with NEO Extraversion (r=0.63) and SSP Aggressiveness factor with NEO Agreeableness (r=-0.62). Strong correlations between SSP factors and scales and scales of the other instruments were sparse, although weaker correlations were common.Conclusion SSP is a useful investigation tool when measuring personality traits related to temperament-like features. SSP partly correlates well to especially three of the NEO-PI-R factors. The different personality inventories are not completely comparable to each other. Instead, they measure personality aspects in partly different ways.