bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Nanoparticle Delivery of Plasmid Encoding Hepatocyte Growth Factor for Gene Therapy of Silicosis in Mice
Authors: Duan Haiying , Gao Peng , Cheng Xiaochen , Lu Yuxin , Hu Chunsheng , Zhu Xuefeng , Wang Xiaoying , Li Dujuan , Xiao Fengjun , Du Li , Liu Yunmei , Zhang Qinglin
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Silicosis is a serious occupational disease that is characterized by pulmonary infiltrates and fibrosis and is often refractory to current treatments. New therapeutic strategies for silicosis are needed. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a latent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic growth factor. Methods: We prepared a polyethyleneimine-polyethylene glycol/pHGF/hyaluronic acid (PEG-PEI/pHGF/HA) nanomaterials loaded with plasmid DNA encoding HGF gene to increase its transfection efficiency. The characterization, including DNA entrapment efficiency, morphology, particle size, and zeta-potential of PEG-PEI/pHGF/HA was studied. And a PEG-PEI/pHGF/HA (N/P=30:1) nanoparticle with low toxicity and high transfection efficiency was used in treatment for silicosis in mice. Results: The results showed that the human HGF expression in the lungs of the mice was increased, and the inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous collagen deposition was significantly reduced. Conclusion: Therefore, PEG-PEI/pHGF/HA nanoparticle warrant further investigation and may be a potential therapeutic strategy for silicosis.
THE QUINTENZENCE OF UNDERSTANDING «THE RIGHT TO JUDICIAL PROTECTION»
Authors: Haran O. V.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the disclosure of certain issues concerning the understanding of the legal nature of the "right to judicial protection" as an important component of the right of individuals to protection of their rights, freedoms and interests through the prism of today's challenges. It is determined that the right to judicial protection is a complex legal phenomenon and includes certain elements. Emphasis is placed on the structural components of the "right to judicial protection". The allocation of individual components of the right to judicial protection allows to analyze the state of implementation of the right to judicial protection, to forecast its development and to determine the direction of such transformation. The concept of "right to judicial protection" can be defined as a set of legal possibilities of each person for effective restoration of rights, within the limits and in the manner prescribed by law and provided by an independent and impartial court, by a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time. Decisions and guarantees for the exercise of the right to judicial protection. The right to judicial protection is ensured by constitutional guarantees of the administration of justice by courts established on the basis of the Constitution of Ukraine and in the manner prescribed by law. Studies of the legal nature of the right to judicial protection are of great importance both for the development of the theory of law and for the formation of effective practice. A promising vector of further research is the improvement of national legislation and its harmonization with international standards of observance of the individual's right to judicial protection. It is emphasized that in the period of rapid transformation of society in the field of rights of persons to judicial protection, there is a significant increase in the number of persons wishing to exercise their right to judicial protection, and this leads to adjustment to new challenges of relevant justice structures. between all participants in judicial protection. It is noted that under the influence of objective factors, the legal nature of the "right to judicial protection" is changing rapidly, radically.
LEGAL UNCERTAINTY IN PROCEDURAL LEGAL RELATIONS REGULATION MECHANISM AND LEGAL INSTRUMENTS OF ITS ELIMINATION
Authors: Vasilyev S. V.
Published: October 2021

Legal certainty is one of the crucial law characteristics. However, legal uncertainty has both downsides and upsides thus they must be considered to be its common quality, its particular feature. Despite quite an advanced procedural legal relations regulation level due to form of action requirements, the presence of uncertain generally evaluative notions and categories in provisions of branches of procedure law is determined by the multiplicity of such legal relations. The subject of the study carried out by the author deals with specific ways of legal uncertainty manifestation in procedural legal relations regulation while justice in civil(commercial, administrative) cases is administered; the author also pays attention to identifying characteristics of specific legal instruments application in order to overcome(eliminate) such uncertainties within legal relations regulation mechanism. An application of provisions and principles, unconventional(non-traditional, innovative) sources of procedural law(law doctrine, judicial precedent), interpretations and concrete definitions, structures of presumption and legal fiction, statutory analogy and legal analogy has been suggested to be attributed to legal instruments aiming at elimination of uncertainties within legal relations regulation mechanism. The author argues that turning legal uncertainty into certainty in the area of procedural law should be carried out at the discretion of a law-enforcer when it comes to application of specific provisions, categories and structures within actual reality, social development dynamics and improvements in rights and responsibilities of participants in legal relations.
AZOV-KERCH WATER SPACES IN THE CONCEPT OF HISTORICAL WATERS
Authors: Kuznietsov S. S.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the definition of the possibilities of the concept of modern international maritime law on the regime of historical waters to the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait application. The weak development of the concept of historical waters in the modern legal doctrine is observed, especially concerning the Azov-Kerch waters. This defines the purpose of the article, and namely, to establish the appropriateness of classifying them as historical waters on the basis of the modern relations characteristics concerning the establishment of the maritime spaces’ regime of this region. The methodological basis of the article consisted of dialectical, historical methods, methods of analysis and synthesis, formal-legal and prognostic methods. The article studies the main scientific approaches to the development of grounds and mechanisms for recognizing certain marine areas as state historical waters. The absence of at list such grounds and mechanisms in modern international public maritime law and national legislation of Ukraine is emphasized. The Azov-Kerch water spaces is among of priority of Ukrainian national interests and the importance of creating the favorable environment for the development of seaports in the region. The attention is paid to the fact that the delimitation of the Azov-Kerch waters was discussed for a long time, but so far no mutually acceptable solution was reached: the attitudes of the parties and their justifications are different, and taking into account the temporary occupation and lasting conflict between two countries the search for a compromise may be delayed indefinitely. The idea of holding an international conference to determine the legal status and use of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait and the signing of the relevant international agreement was supported. It is possible to terminate the current bilateral agreements because of this: the Agreement on Cooperation in the Use of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait in 2003 and the Fishery Agreement on Fishing in the Sea of Azov in 1993. It is concluded that the historicity of Azov-Kerch waters belonging to the inland waters of only two countries has now exhausted itself. The interests of the much larger number of countries meet in this region, and the development of the universal international agreement concerning it has long been “felt” not only bilaterally but also regionally in order to build the balanced neighborhood policy and respect the interests of all concert parties.
DEGREE OF SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL SUPPORT OF CONSTITUTIONAL FUNDAMENTALS OF STATE AND CHURCH RELATIONS
Authors: Mykolenko O. I. , Mykolenko О. M.
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the development of scientific thought on the administrative and legal support of relations between the state and the church, as well as reveals the current state of national administrative legislation in the field of religion. It has been established that in the doctrine of administrative law studies of administrative and legal support of relations between the state and the church are of a fragmentary nature. This has a negative impact on the administrative and legal regulation of public relations in the sphere of religion, on the effectiveness of public government bodies implementing state policy in the sphere of religion, and on the state of protection of believers in Ukraine. It is concluded that the state of scientific substantiation of administrative and legal support of the constitutional principles of relations between the state and the church remains unsatisfactory in Ukraine. It is substantiated that in modern conditions of society development, the church, despite all the restrictions enshrined in the constitutional principles of relations between the state and the church, is an active participant in administrative relations. However, the imperfection of the existing mechanisms for the implementation of the right to freedom of religion and the constitutional principles of state-church relations, as well as gaps in the current administrative legislation sometimes lead to the fact that in practice these constitutional provisions are either not implemented in practice or implemented in full or in part, which, in its turn leads to tensions in society over freedom of religion and the activities of religious organizations.
SVIATOSLAV KARAVANSKYI: THE PROBLEM OF SPELLING AND LEXICOGRAPHIC CODIFICATION
Authors: Farion I. D.
Published: October 2021

Purpose and tasks. The purpose is to actualize the linguistic heritage of S. Karavanskyi as a basis for further prescriptive linguistic research. Among the tasks is the analysis of spelling and lexicographic codification in the works of a linguist. The object of our study is the linguistic heritage of Sviatoslav Karavanskyi, who after more than 30 years of Moscow-Stalin concentration camps and 37 years of American emigration carried, preserved and motivated the specific linguistic norm of the constantly destroyed Ukrainian language and its native speakers. The subject of our research is spelling and lexicographic codification of the first third of the XX-XXI century in the works of S. Karavanskyi. When processing the material, we use the analytical and descriptive method. Conclusions and prospects of the study. Spelling issues in the works of S. Karavanskyi have a substantiated ideological basis, which is to reflect the spelling of specific rather than assimilative (“destructive”) features caused by the occupation and totalitarian regime of the 30-80s of the XX century. Spelling assimilation and the necessity to remove it is to change the phonetic-morphological and syntactic structure of the Ukrainian language, in particular phonetic, morphological, word-formation and syntactic changes. The lexicographic codification of the linguist is evidenced by his two fundamental works: “Practical Dictionary of Synonyms of the Ukrainian Language” and “RussianUkrainian Dictionary of Complex Vocabulary”. The main methodological basis for compiling these dictionaries is the specificity of Ukrainian vocabulary in its resistance to codification in dictionaries of “pseudo-language” imposed on Ukrainians during the ethnocide policy and exposing Soviet lexicography as the main “tool of Ukrainian linguicide”. Among the prospects of our study is a holistic linguistic and political portrait of a linguist and socio-political figure.
THE CONCEPT OF EXTENDING THE TERMS OF LOCOMOTIVE OPERATION
Authors: Krasheninin Alexander Semenovich , Matsegora Dmytro Oleksandrovych , Sachenko Y.O. , Blokhin J. S.
Published: October 2021

Due to the reliability standard set during the design and even when it reaches orexceeds the standard service life of more than 90 % of locomotives, railway transport continues toperform its functions. Many years of experience in the operation of locomotives confirm thecorrectness of the norms laid down in the standards for their design to the design loads andindicators of dynamics and strength of load-bearing structures: the standard stock ratio (2) ensurestheir operation during the service life.(25 ... 30 years) In many countries, as part of the extension of the service life of TRS at onetime had to solve complex scientific and applied problems. For example, most recently in Europeancountries, rolling stock depreciation was up to 65% of service life. In the interaction of TRSproducers and users, the concept of repair and modernization of TRS at the facilities ofmanufacturers was adopted, and the amount of modernization depended on customer requirements.After the modernization of the extension of the service life of TRS, it could be used on certainsections of the railway or in other types of work: economic, export, shunting. In our country, thelong-term operation of the TRS of a small number of series led to the fact that the rolling stock wasalmost not renewed and the problem of extending the service life was not solved. Now difficultpolitical and environmental factors have led to the fact that after some time it will be dangerous touse rail transport. As the world and domestic experience of TRS operation shows, urgent changes inall links of the industry and operation are necessary. The resource of TRS put in production allowsto keep and maneuver in a choice of strategy of management of the maintenance of TRS. Inconnection with the aging of rolling stock and the development of the assigned service life arerelevant to the study of the original and residual resources of the structure. To do this, thestandards must be clarified and supplemented on the basis of accumulated operating experienceand taking into account modern knowledge to assess and ensure the necessary durability and safetyof operation of vehicles. Based on this, the topic of changing the system of extending the service lifeis relevant. The article considers the concept of general approaches to extending the service life oflocomotives.
APPLICATION OF GENETIC ALGORITHMS AT THE PLANNING STAGE OF INTERNATIONAL INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATIONS
Authors: Lomotko Denis , Kovalov Denis
Published: October 2021

The necessity to transport goods has always been a crucial component of everysociety. It is difficult to imagine a modern country without an advanced transport network andtechnology, which is why the latest computer systems have been developed over the past decades tomeet the needs of carriers. The study of this logistics segment shows that the complexity of thetechnological process of international intermodal transportation causes a range of problems to allparties involved in transportation. An advanced transport network provides a large number ofpossible options for the transportation of goods or commodities. That is why the computerization ofthe planning process is the next step in the evolution of transport logistics. This article describes theusage of software based on genetic algorithms to settle and improve the use of commercialIncoterms 2020. Taking into account all the limitations of existing software, it is proposed to use aheuristic approach to find the optimum transportation option and automate the planning process.Ukraine has always assigned a priority role to the railway mode of transport. This is why therailway industry has always been an integral part of the multimodal transportation process.Analysis of imports and exports shows stable growth over the past ten year period. Additionally,Ukraine enjoys a very advantageous geographical location, in that four important transportcorridors cross the territory of our country. Studies indicate that innovations in this area willpositively contribute to the credibility of Ukrainian carriers. Further, the article describes thetypical problems that arise during the usage of the basic Incoterms terms of delivery, including thecomplexity of customs procedures and clearance of goods, as well as unforeseen monetary costsarising from the difference in the laws of the countries participating in the transportation process.The author proposes the automation of the transportation planning process as a key to solving thesedisadvantages. The proposed innovation does not require significant investment and can createpositive economic value by substantially reducing the cost of transportation.
International Scientific Conference »Learning to Live and Work Togheter«
Authors: Čuček Trifkovič Klavdija , Pajnkihar Majda , Šostar Turk Sonja , Štiglic Gregor
Published: October 2021

University of Maribor Faculty of Health Sciences is organizing the Online International Scientific Conference »LEARNING to Live and Work Together«, held on June 29th 2021. E-proceedings of the conference include most recent findings of domestic and foreign researchers and students in higher education, social work, nursing and health sciences. The conference aims to explore the quality of life for migrant students, transformative action in higher education, advances in nursing research and education as well as advanced nursing practice experience in Slovenian and international arena. It provides an opportunity to promote the development, dissemination and use of knowledge in the field of social work, nursing and health sciences for educators and health practitioners, furthermore they exchange research evidence, models of best practice and innovative ideas.
Unrecognizable, abandoned, unnamed, avoided places: On the murders committed against Jews in Poland in the period after the Second World War and their commemoration
Authors: Rykała Andrzej
Published: October 2021

The fall of the Third Reich, turning the “most tragic page” in the history of the Jewish nation, i .e . the Second World War, did not mean the end of the tragedy for Jews on Polish soil. Even before the end of the greatest conflict in the history of humankind, in the areas liberated from Nazi Germany occupation, many survivors of the Holocaust experienced acts of ruthless violence. However, very few of the numerous victims of the post-war anti-Jewish terror have been commemorated in public space. To a very small extent the form of public commemoration also covered earlier wartime cases of collective murders committed against Jews by Polish Christians. Even if the sites of the dramatic events which occurred in the shadow of the Holocaust were marked, the complete truth about their course was not restored everywhere.
ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЙ О РОЛИ СОЦИАЛЬНОСТИ В УПРАВЛЕНИИ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИМИ РЕСУРСАМИ И КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ДОВЕРИЯ
Authors: Каз Евгения Михайловна
Published: October 2021

Актуальность. В 1903 г. Ф.У. Тейлор писал, что причиной низкой производительности труда являются мысли и рассуждения, обусловленные общественными отношениями между предпринимателями и рабочими, и считал, что при условии их сотрудничества, взаимной помощи производительность последних может быть увеличена в среднем почти вдвое [1]. Проблема, сформулированная Ф.У. Тейлором, и поставленный им вопрос «Какие иные реформы… могут дать столько в направлении повышения благосостояния, уменьшения нищеты и облегчения страданий?» уже более ста лет оказывают мощное влияние на содержание исследовательских программ в области менеджмента. Однако многие из намеченных Ф.У. Тейлором задач все еще далеки от своего решения. Период социально-экономической нестабильности, вновь переживаемый страной в настоящее время, усиливает потребность в инструментах, активизирующих способность и готовность сотрудников выполнять возложенные на них задачи в условиях динамично изменяющейся внешней и внутренней среды. Цель исследования: проанализировать изменение представлений о роли социальности в системе знаний, требующее формирования новых подходов в управлении человеческими ресурсами. Методы: сравнение, обобщение и систематизация, в работе также используется аксиологический подход, предполагающий ценностное измерение исследуемых социокультурных явлений. Результаты: представлена система аргументов, свидетельствующих об усилении роли доверия как в организации общественной жизни в целом, так и в деятельности организации в частности. Показано, что «доверие» способствует упорядочению социальных взаимодействий в условиях трансформационных изменений (нарастания неопределенности и рисков в деятельности компании), когда снижаются возможности «уверенности» и «веры» как механизмов организации социальной жизни. Возрастанию роли фактора «доверие» также способствуют разделение труда, делегирование полномочий, сложность и «непрозрачность» организационных и технических систем. Вывод: более существенную роль начинает играть фактор «доверие» в функционировании системы управления организацией.

.
Effect of Foliar Application of Different Organic Sources and Levels of Fertilizer on Growth Attributes, Yield Attributes, Yield, Quality and Economics of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Authors: Sakpal V.M. , Jagtap D.N. , Upadhyay L. , Pinjari S.S. , More S.S. , Jadhav M.S. , Bodake P.S.
Published: October 2021

Background: Productivity of cowpea in our country is very low. So, there is need to take proper agronomic practices to enhance the productivity of cowpea and foremost important among them is foliar application of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients exploiting genetic potential of crop. This is considered to be an efficient and economic method of supplementing part of nutrient requirement at critical growth stages of the crop. Foliar application is credited with the advantage of quick and efficient utilization of nutrients, elimination of losses through leaching, fixation and regulating uptake of nutrients by the plant. In view of above consideration, the experiment entitled “Influence of foliar application of different organic sources on growth, yield and quality of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) under varying levels of fertilizer” was conducted with objectives to study the effect of different levels of fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of cowpea, to study the effect of foliar application of different organic sources on growth, yield and quality of cowpea, to study the interaction effect of different levels of fertilizer and foliar application of organic sources and to study the economics of different treatments. Methods: The field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Farm, College of Agriculture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri (M.S.) during Rabi 2019-20. Field experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design. The fertilizer levels comprised of three levels viz., F1: 100% RDF, F2: 75% RDF and F3: 50% RDF and foliar application consisted of five different organic sources viz., S0: Control, S1: Panchagavya @ 3%, S2: Vermiwash @ 10%, S3: Cow urine @ 5% and S4: Vasant urja @ 0.5%. There were 15 treatment combinations replicated three times. Result: It can be concluded that for growing cowpea, it should be supplied with 100% RDF and sprayed with panchagavya @ 3% or cow urine @ 5% foliar application, so as to obtain higher yield and economic returns.
Effects of Dietary Level of Rice Distiller’s Dried Grains on Performance and Meat Quality of Chickens
Authors: Dang P.K. , Giang N.T.P. , Nguyen T.T. , Chu-Ky S. , Oanh N.C. , Vinh N.T. , Ngoc T.T.B.
Published: October 2021

Background: In Vietnam, animal feed mainly depends on imported raw materials, while available agro-industrial by-products are often released into the environment and only a its unsubstantial portion used as an animal feed. Therefore, efficient use of these by-products as animal feed is essential. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary levels of rice distiller’s dried grain (Rice DDG) on broiler performance, meat yield and meat quality. Methods: The research was conducted at the experimental station, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Vietnam, from May to September 2020. A total of 240 a day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 3 replications to receive 4 diets with different levels of RDDG at 0, 5, 8 and 10% for 14 weeks. Growth, meat yield and meat quality were estimated. Result: ADG was higher in broiler chickens fed diets with rice DDG compared to that in control diet at 12 and 14 weeks (P less than 0.05) while ADFI and FCR were not affected by the diets. There were significantly no differences in meat yield and quality among the diets. In conclusion, rice DDG could be used to partially replace main ingredients in chicken diets.
Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Meat Oxidation and Intestinal Bacterial Contents of Broilers Fed with Garcinia mangostana Peel Extract
Authors: Pastsart U. , Pimpa O.
Published: October 2021

Background: Extracts of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) peels possess various biological activities such as antioxidants and anti-bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mangosteen peel extract (MPE) on growth performance, meat quality, oxidation of meat and bacterial contents in the small intestine of broilers. Methods: The 192, 7-day-old, chicks were allocated to 4 treatments with 3 replicates per treatment, each replicate containing 16 chicks. Birds were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.2, 0.4 or 0.8% of MPE for a period of 5 weeks ad libitum. Growth performance was evaluated weekly. At 42 days old, the birds were slaughtered and the breast muscles were sampled from 4 birds per replicate for determining meat quality and oxidation. To determine bacterial quantities, the residue of feed in the small intestine (ilium and ceca) was sampled from one bird per replicate. Result: The results revealed that MPE had no significant effect on growth performance and intestinal bacterial contents. However, it was found that 0.4 to 0.8% of MPE could improve the meat quality by decreasing drip loss and total water loss in muscles. Moreover, 0.8% MPE group tended to be lower in lipid oxidation. This suggests that 0.8% MPE might protect the broiler breast meat against oxidation.
​​Eco-friendly Management of Collar Rot of Lentil by Introduced Native Rhizobacterial Candidates
Authors: Mondal Amitava , Mahapatra Sunita , Chakraborty Sunanda , Debnath Debanjana , Das Tanusree , Samanta Malay
Published: October 2021

Background: Collar rot is an important disease of lentil in India and causes significant yield loss annually. Considering the recent focus on the development and use of environmentally feasible management strategies, the objectives of the study was to identify resistant sources and evaluation of native antagonists as well as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) in yield improvement and disease management of lentil. Methods: Eleven popular lentil varieties were screened for resistance/susceptibility reaction against collar rot in vivo. The efficacy of two bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents (BCAs) was tested against a virulent isolate of Sclerotium rolfsii. Four PGPRs were also evaluated to study their influence on the growth parameters as well as their ability to manage S. rolfsii. Result: Three genotypes were found to be tolerant, four genotypes were moderately susceptible, while four genotypes were highly susceptible. Among the BCAs, the highest average inhibition % was observed in treatment with Bacillus sp. Among the PGPR treatments, Rhizobium in combination with phosphate solubilizing bacteria and Trichoderma or Bacillus was the most effective in controlling the collar rot when used as seed treatment and hence can be used for disease management.
​Advances in Molecular Breeding for Bruchid (Callosobruchus spp.) Resistance in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]: A Review
Authors: Majhi Prasanta Kumar , Bhoi Tanmaya Kumar , Mogali Suma C. , Shiv Aalok , Sahoo Kishore Chandra , Saini Varun
Published: October 2021

Mungbean is one of the most important grain legumes with high-quality dietary protein in India as well in many other Asian countries. But the crop is severely affected by bruchids (Callosobruchus spp.) from field to storage condition. These storage pests not only affect the yield but also reduce the market value and quality of the crops. The chemical method of bruchid management is not economical and environmentally unsafe. So, the host-plant resistance to bruchids would be the best alternative and most sustainable way to control the bruchid. A very limited number of wild accessions and cultivated genotypes are available for the transfer of bruchid resistance gene through conventional breeding. Thus, insights into the molecular mechanism of resistance will help to find out the resistance genes/QTLs easily with the support of available genome sequence and that can be introgressed to the cultivated varieties through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) approach. Therefore, in this review, we focused on QTL mapping, identification of novel QTLs, marker assisted-selection, genomics and transcriptomics study by using advanced molecular tools which will be very helpful for genomic-assisted breeding in mungbean for bruchid resistance.
Comparative Functional and Numeric Response of Two Coccinellids (Coccinella septempunctata and Cheilomenes sexmaculata) Preying Cowpea Aphid (Aphis craccivora)
Authors: Chhangani Gaurang , Mahla M.K. , Swaminathan R. , . Lekha , Swami H. , Dangi N.L.
Published: October 2021

Background: The cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a plant lice known to commonly attack plants that causes loss by sucking sap from phloem and act as vector for viruses. The aphidophagous coccinellids are efficient in controlling the pestiferous population of aphids. The two coccinellid Coccinella septempunctata and Cheilomenes sexmaculata are efficient in predation of cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora in southern Rajasthan. The present study determined the response of prey consumption at different prey densities. Methods: To compute the functional and numeric response of the lady bird beetle on cowpea aphid, experiment was conducted in vitro by using cowpea potted plant in caged conditions at Department of Entomology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture during 2019-20. The cowpea pea plants were sown in small pots and were placed in aluminium insect cages having 15 cm × 15 cm × 15 cm size. The predatory potential of coccinellid grubs and adults were evaluated at six different prey densities (aphids per arena): 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 200 with 5 replications. Result: The grub and adults of C. septempunctata consumed more prey as compared to C. sexmaculata. Both the coccinellid showed Type II functional response when functional curve was plotted. The linear regression method suggested that C. septempunctata required less time to act upon prey as compared to C. sexmaculata. The C. septempunctata also showed more numeric response in terms of ECI [conversion efficiency of prey consumption (ECI) into biomass (egg)] at different prey densities. The fecundity in both the cases increased with the increased prey densities that eventually decreased after reaching the maximum egg laying capacity at prey density of 125 aphids. In all the cases it was found that consumption rate of predaceous beetle increased with increasing aphid population.
Efficacy of Pre and Post Emergence Application of Imazethapyr and its Ready Mix Herbicides on Growth, Weed Dynamics and Productivity of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Barla Sheela , Upasani R.R.
Published: October 2021

Background: Weeds are major constraints in chickpea production. This crop is highly susceptible to weed competition owing to slow initial growth thus weeds cause up to 75% yield loss. Methods: Treatments comprised of imazethapyr 50 g/ha as PE (pre emergence), imazethapyr 70 g/ha as PE, imazethapyr 50 g/ha as PoE (post emergence), imazethapyr 70g/ha as PoE, imazethapyr + imazamox ready mix (RM) 50 g/ha as PE, imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) 70 g/ha as PE, imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) 50 g/ha as PoE, imazethapyr + imazamox (RM)70 g/ha as PoE, pendimethalin 1 kg/ha PE, imazethapyr + pendimethalin (RM) 1 kg/ha PE, hoeing at 20 and 40 DAS and weedy check. Result: Application of imazethapyr + pendimethalin (RM) 1 kg/ha as pre emergence recorded maximum plant dry matter accumulation at 60, 90, 120 DAS and at maturity stage and also higher CGR at 60-90, 90-120 and120 DAS - maturity of crop. Application of imazethapyr + pendimethalin (RM) 1 kg/ha as pre emergence was most effective in producing higher seed yield (1749 kg/ha), weed control efficiency (87.28%), net return (` 77,136), reduced weed management index 5.15 and 3.90 at 30 and 60 DAS respectively.
Explaining the Weakness of Associational Life in Oil Palm Growing Communities in Southwestern Ghana
Authors: Takyiakwaa Dorothy , Tetteh Prince S. K. , Asante Kofi Takyi
Published: October 2021

As the second most important industrial crop in Ghana, oil palm holds the potential of improving farmers’ livelihoods and alleviating rural poverty. For smallholder farmers, collective action through farmer-based organisations (FBOs) could provide a pathway to inclusive participation in agricultural commercialisation. There is ample evidence in the literature that collective action can help smallholders gain access to credit, improved inputs, or even networks of social support. Thus, collective action is widely recognised as a viable pathway out of poverty for the agrarian poor. However, our findings show that FBOs were either weak or non-existent. Indeed, we find that economic relations between farmers tend to be more individualised than one would expect to find in rural communities. This paper presents these findings, and explores why this is the case.
A Holistic Approach to Accelerated Attainment of Open-Defecation Free Status in Moyo District
Authors: Katwere Ssemwanga David , Lomongin Aballa Dominic , Amoko Steven , Nduhukire Sheila
Published: October 2021

This case study was developed to inform subsequent research and analysis of local government leadership and prioritisation of sanitation and hygiene (S&H) in East Africa. Consolidated learning from across the three countries involved can be found in the Sanitation Learning Hub (SLH) Learning Brief: Strengthening sub-national systems for area-wide sanitation and hygiene. From late 2020 to early 2021, the SLH collaborated with local government actors and development partners from three subnational areas to explore ways of increasing local government leadership and prioritisation of S&H to drive progress towards area-wide S&H. For some time, local government leadership has been recognised as key to ensuring sustainability and scale and it is an important component of the emerging use of systems strengthening approaches in the sanitation sector. It is hoped that this work will provide practical experiences to contribute to this thinking. Three case studies were developed to capture local government and development partners’ experiences supporting sub-national governments increase their leadership and prioritisation of S&H in Siaya County (Kenya), Nyamagabe District (Rwanda), and Moyo District (Uganda), all of which have seen progress in recent years. The development partners involved were UNICEF in Kenya, WaterAid in Rwanda, and WSSCC/ Uganda Sanitation Fund in Uganda. The cases were then analysed through three online workshops facilitated with staff from the local governments, central government ministries and development partners involved to explore them in further detail, review experiences and identify levers and blockages to change. Lessons from the workshops are documented in the SLH learning brief mentioned above. This is the case study developed by Moyo District and WSSCC/Uganda Sanitation Fund documenting their experiences and reflections from working together to increase prioritisation of S&H in Moyo District, Uganda.
Efektivitas Penerapan Problem-Based-Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar, Kreativitas dan Penguasaan Konsep Siswa [Efectivity of Problem-Based-Learning Implementation to Improve Student's Learning Motivation, Creativity and Mastery of the Concept]
Authors: Ayudia Jessica
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the implementation of Problem-Based Learning in Mathematics, as well as determine the increase motivation, creativity and mastery of the concept of student learning outcomes through the implementation of Problem-Based Learning in Class 5A SDS Lentera Harapan Curug. Subjects were students in class 5A in SDS Lentera Harapan by the number of students by 36 students consisting of 19 female students and 17 male students. The study was conducted using a model of classroom action research conducted three cycles, each cycle consisting of four stages: planning, action, observation and reflection. The data collection is done by using observation observer, student test results, and additional instruments such as interview sheets, sheet learning motivation and creativity sheet. The results showed that the Problem Based Learning Math can help the learning process. Stages Problem Based-Learning helps students to understand the issues in the matter and the process to get a response. The development is seen in students' motivation in cycle 1 to cycle 3 to increase. Creativity and mastery of the concept of student learning outcomes have not been able to increase in cycle 1 to cycle 3 with entirely due process of problem-based learning-Learning newly conceived and performed by students. Math learning outcome of the results of the summative second cycle in which more than 70% the number of students successfully meet the KKM.
Social Work Practice during the COVID-19 State of Emergency in Spain
Authors: Hidalgo Lavié Alfredo , González Ramos Ana M , Lima Fernández Ana Isabel
Published: October 2021

Spain has been hardest hit by the pandemic and, thus, one of the first to implement the strictest confinement measures. Social service is a key sector for alleviating the negative social impacts of the country's healthcare crisis and confinement. This has represented a big challenge for social workers, who have been obligated to take on larger caseloads, new responsibilities, and a new working environment. Social workers have had to handle these issues from a work setting plagued by uncertainty, coping with a crisis never experienced before.We conducted an online survey during the pandemic to aim to investigate what kind of work has developed by the social workers of the social service at the Community of Madrid and the City Council. Respondents felt stressed and confused by lack of coordination between care and public health agencies. They have had to manage aids and assistance related to food and hygiene, emotional support and general information on the pandemic, as well as all financial aids allocated by the administration. Teleworking became regular which undoubtedly has contributed to reducing any lingering reservations they still had about this method.
Determinants of Anemia in The Third Trimester of Pregnancy in Mojokerto
Authors: Irawati Dian , Syalfina Agustin Dwi , Priyanti Sari , Ssekalembe Geofrey
Published: October 2021

Background: Anemia is a pregnancy complication that increases the morbidity and mortality of mother and baby during pregnancy and until puerperium. In 2015, the incidence of anemia in Indonesia was 23%. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine factors that influence anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: The study was conducted on pregnant women in Mojokerto. This study used a case-control design. The sample calculation results obtained 70 cases and 70 controls. The primary and secondary data were obtained from the MCH book and from interviews conducted according to questionnaire guidelines. Data were analyzed via chi-squared test and logistic regression test. Results: The factors that influence anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy were found to be age (p value = 0.04; OR 2.08; 95% CI = 1.04–4.16), occupation (p value = 0.02; OR = 2.27; 95% CI = 1.15–4.47), birth interval (p value = 0.03; OR = 2.25; 95% CI 1.08-4.69), nutritional status (p value = 0.02; OR = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.14- 4.82), knowledge [about anemia] (p value = 0.01; OR = 3.17; 95% CI = 1.41-7.09), income per month (p value = 0.03, OR = 2.25; 95% CI =1.08–4.69), smoking activity (p value = 0.04; OR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.02–3.92), perception (p value = 0.02; OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.10–4.40) , and spousal support (p value = 0.01; OR = 2.63; 95% CI = 1.16 – 5.93) Conclusion: The most influential factors on anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy were birth interval, nutritional status, and knowledge.
Quality of Life on Elderly who Lived at Home and at Tresna Werdha Nursing Home
Authors: Andika Giovanda Wahyu , Ningtyias Farida Wahyu , Sulistiyani Sulistiyani
Published: October 2021

Background: The world's population is currently in an era of aging with the number of elderly people exceeding 7% of the population. This condition will certainly bring positive and negative impacts. It’s needed to pay attention to the elderly, especially on their quality of life. Objective: To determine the differences in the quality of life of the elderly who live with their families in the working area of the Puskesmas Sukorejo and at Jember Tresna Werdha Social Service Unit. Methods: The type of this research was observational analytic using a cross-sectional research design. The study was conducted from January to March 2020. The population in this study amounted to 3472 elderly, consisting of elderly who live in the Tresna Werdha Jember Social Service Unit and live at home with their families in the working area of Sukorejo Community Health Center, Jember. The sample in this study amounted to 100 respondents, consisting of 50 respondents at each research location. The variable studied was the quality of life of the elderly from each place of residence. The data collection instruments included the MMSE questionnaire to assess cognitive impairment in the elderly and the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire to measure the quality of life in the elderly. The sampling technique used was proportional random sampling. Results: The results showed that the majority of the elderly were aged 60-74 years, most of the elderly were female and never attended school. The majority of the elderly who live at home still have a partner, while those who live in the Social Service have no partner. Chi-square test results showed that there was no difference in the quality of life of the elderly in the physical, psychological, and environmental domains, but there were differences in the quality of life in the social domain. Conclusion: There were no differences in the quality of life in the physical, psychological, and environmental domains, but there were differences in the social domain, among respondents. The elderly who lived at home with their family had a better quality of life in the social domain. Suggestion for the elderly who live at home in the working area of the Sukorejo Community Health Center is to increase positive activities that can entertain themselves and participate in social activities, for the elderly who live at the Tresna Werdha Jember Social Services Unit, it is hoped that they can increase the intensity of good social relations between fellow elderly in homestead and do not close themselves off to the people around them, while for supervisors and caregivers in Tresna Werdha Jember Social Service Unit, it is expected to further improve assistance to the elderly to determine the quality of life of the elderly in each homestead.
Relación familia-escuela: significados de profesores rurales sobre la participación de las familias
Authors: Fernández Vega Juan Pablo , Cárcamo Vásquez Héctor Gonzalo
Published: October 2021

Esta investigación tiene como propósito develar los significados sobre la relación familia-escuela, específicamente en el ámbito de la participación, desde la perspectiva del profesorado que se desempeñan en escuelas rurales de la comuna de Bulnes, Chile. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, el estudio de corte cualitativo, se sitúa bajo el paradigma interpretativo comprensivo, la técnica de producción de datos corresponde a la entrevista semi-estructurada en sesión única. El análisis de los discursos se desarrolla a través del análisis estructural semántico. Dentro de los hallazgos tenemos que: sobre la crianza se da cuenta de ausencia de normas desde un estilo permisivo, la importancia del rol del profesor en el trabajo con la dupla psicosocial. Respecto del voluntariado sus facilitadores son el buen funcionamiento de una escuela, lo que conlleva efectos positivos en los aprendizajes y en la motivación. Finalmente, se concluye que una escuela bien organizada promueve una relación familia-escuela con responsabilidades compartidas, lo que tiene efectos positivos en sus estudiantes en lo académico y socioemocional.
The Effect of Blue Light Source in a Lighting Installations on Human Circadian Rhythms
Authors: Zheliazkov Iehor Oleksandrovych
Published: October 2021

This article describes effect of the blue light on a human health. This effect is emmiting by electrical devices and has a negative impact on person, even if it does not fall into your eyes. This work consists on comparison study of blue radiation spectrum and impact on human organism. It helps to define permissible level of energy dependence on light radiation. The conception of biological impact connected with melanopsin, which one has rods and cones.
For humans, nonvisual biological effects, which can be parameterized by the circadian action factor (CAF), are important for their health and work performance. When we spend a lot of time in front of screens of devices, we are receiving radiation of blue light.
The article analyses questions associated with biological exposure to radiation from some light emitting diode and lamp light sources with various radiation spectrum (correlated colour temperature Tcc). The biological exposure concept is connected with melanopsyn containing receptors on the eye retina, signals from which arrive to epiphysis and control concentration of the hormone melatonin in the blood.
Circadian rhythms are seen at every level of biology, from single cells to complex behaviors. The timing of every biological function in mammals is governed by the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), which has an intrinsic period of slightly longer than 24 hours. The light/dark pattern incident on the retina synchronizes the SCN to the 24-hour local time, coordinating and enabling diverse biological functions to occur at the correct time of day and night for optimum species survival. A wide range of modern maladies, from sleep disorders to cancer, has been linked to light-induced circadian disruption. Light has, however, been defined only in terms of the human visual system, not the circadian system. Light source and systems development should consider the needs of both the visual and non-visual systems.
Certain signals are fulfil function of controlling the concentration chromatophorotropic hormone within blood. As a basis for calculation were included photochemical and electrical processes in amphiblestrodes, physiological human parameters, as well as coefficient of circadian efficiency, coefficient of growth-inhibitory activity of melatonin and biological equivalent.
The optical information is essential for physiological systems of humans, because it not only provides the visual information but also affects their physical, physiological, and psychological behaviors, in which researchers call the latter “non-visual biological effects of light”.
In the evolution of lives on earth, the sun and its spectrum, and the alternation of day and night play an important role in the adaptation of human to the natural environment. As receptors of light, human eyes are deeply influenced by standard light, to which the structure and function of human eyes are developed more accustomed during the long-term daily work.