bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Villain Figure’s Ambivalence in the Comic Gundala: Destiny
Authors: Hening Irish , Rusdiarti Suma Riella
Published: January 2021

In the comics with superhero genre, the reader will see a villain figure as the opponent of superhero. In September 2019, Bumilangit in collaboration with Gramedia Pustaka published the comic Gundala: Destiny as the complementary media adaptation to the movie Gundala: This Country Needs Patriots which was also published in the same year. This comic presents the figure of Sancaka against Pengkor. Unlike the movie, the main point of narration in the comic is from the perspective of Pengkor as the villain. The comic’s narrative shows the story of Pengkor's childhood until he became a mafia who is feared and respected by many people. With his power, Pengkor has both socially or politically dominance. His power also works with his 10 adopted children as the victims of his subordination. However, Pengkor’s actions to create power over his children were carried out without coercion and repression. In this way, his adopted children obeyed and glorified Pengkor with the nickname 'Father'. By using the structural theory of Tzvetan Todorov and the hegemony of power from Antonio Gramsci, this study aims to dismantle the ambivalent power attitude of Pengkor as the villain figure in the comic Gundala: Destiny.
Removal of Iron(II) Using Ni/Al Layered Double Hydroxide Intercalated with Keggin Ion
Authors: Lesbani Aldes Lesbani , Normah Normah , Palapa Neza Rahayu , Taher Tarmizi , Andreas Roy , Mohadi Risfidian
Published: January 2021

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) Ni/Al-NO3 was synthesized using a coprecipitation method under base condition following with intercalation using Keggin ion [a-SiW12O40]4- to form Ni/Al-[a-SiW12O40] LDH. The LDHs were characterized using XRD, FTIR, BET, and pHpzc analyses. Furthermore, LDHs were applied as adsorbent of iron(II) from aqueous solution. The adsorption process was studied through the effect of adsorption time, the concentration of iron(II), and temperature adsorption. The results show the interlayer distance of LDHs was increased from 7.408 Å to 10.533 Å after intercalation process. The adsorption of iron(II) on LDHs showed that adsorption of iron(II) on both LDHs follows pseudo first-order kinetic model with R2 value is close to one. The adsorption process was spontaneous, with adsorption capacity up to 36.496 mg g-1.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Smart Card Perwasitan Bola Basket
Authors: Permatasari Tantie Rafni , Febriani Ayu Rizky , Purnamasari Ajeng Dian , Kusuma Indra Jati , Festiawan Rifqi
Published: January 2021

Smart Card merupakan media pembelajaran yang efektif untuk digunakan dalam ranah pembelajaran. Smart Card sendiri dapat meningkatkan rasa keingin tahuan mahasiswa dengan suasana belajar yang lebih menyenangkan. Produk Smart Card ini akan membantu mahasiswa untuk mengerti dan memahami terkati dengan perwasitan bola basket. Metode menggunakan jenis Penelitian Research and Development (R&D), yang dilakukan dengan 10 langkah diantaranya: 1. Potensi dan masalah, 2. Pengumpulan data, 3. Desain produk, 4. Validasi desain, 5. Revisi desain, 6. Uji coba produk, 7. Revisi produk, 8. Uji coba pemakaian, 9. Revisi produk, dan 10. Produksi masal. Penelitian ini diuji cobakan pada mahasiswa Pendidikan Jasmani Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. Instrumen yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah kuesioner pernyataan dengan menggunakan skala likert. Kemudian skor yang diperoleh diolah dan dikonversikan ke dalam kriteria penilaian produk. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan Smart Card Perwasitan Bola Basket sebagai media pembelajaran bola basket memperoleh nilai tingkat kelayakan sebesar 82,61% atau dikategorikan sangat layak, dari pada itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa Smart Card Perwasitan Bola Basket dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran untuk mahasiswa Pendidikan Jasmani UNSOED. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu Smart Card Perwasitan Bola Basket dapat diterapkan menjadi media belajar mahasiswa Pendidikan Jasmani UNSOED.
Low-Intensity Whole-Body Vibration: A Useful Adjuvant in Managing Obesity? A Pilot Study
Authors: Gobbi Michele , Ferrario Cristina , Tarabini Marco , Annino Giuseppe , Cau Nicola , Zago Matteo , Marzullo Paolo , Mai Stefania , Galli Manuela , Capodaglio Paolo
Published: January 2021

The use of whole-body vibration (WBV) for therapeutic purposes is far from being standardized and only very recently an empirical foundation for reporting guidelines for human WBV studies has been published. Controversies about safety and therapeutic dosage stll exist. The present study aimed to investigate the metabolic and mechanical effects of low-intensity WBV in according to the ISO 2631 norm on subjects with obesity. 41 obese subjects (BMI≥ 35 kg/mˆ2) were recruited to participate in a 3-week multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation program including fitness training and WBV training. During WBV the posture was monitored with an optoelectronic system with 6 infrared cameras (Vicon, Vicon Motion System, Oxford, UK). The primary endpoints were: variation in body composition, factors of the metabolic syndrome, functional activity (sit-to-stand and 6-min walking test), muscle strength, and quality of life. Secondary endpoints were: modification of irisin, testosterone, growth hormone, IGF1 levels. We observed significant changes in salivary irisin levels, Group 2 (p<0.01) as compared to the control group, while muscle strength, function, and other metabolic and hormonal factors did not change after a 3-week low-intensity WBV training respect control group. Future studies are needed to deeper investigate the potential metabolic effect of low-intensity WBV in managing weight.
Interrogating the Concept of ‘Community’ in Community Policing Operations in Nigeria
Authors: Arisukwu Ogadimma , Adebisi Tunde , Igbolekwu Chisaa , Asamu Festus
Published: January 2021

Community is a veritable ingredient for social change and development in a society. The potentials of individuals and groups in the community are a great source or resource for promoting unity, development and patriotism. The general objective of this study is to examine the influence of diversity in community composition, on the operation of community policing style in Nigeria. The study adopted qualitative research approach to collect and analyze data. In-depth interview is the instrument of data collection while content analysis is the method of data analysis. The study took place in Kwara State, North central Nigeria. Twenty community leaders and youth groups heads were purposefully selected through snowball sampling method. Where this great resource or human capital is adequately galvanized by the leaders and community heads, the community becomes formidable and capable of solving her social problems together. However, these benefits of community are hampered by other socio-cultural and economic variables in its members. Community on its own cannot achieve much until members are mobilized to support and partner with government in any developmental projects.
Potential Role of Birds in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Zoonotic Transmission and Genotype Shift
Authors: hameed Muddassar , wahaab Abdul , nawaz mohsin , khan sawar , Nazir Jawad , ke liu , wei jianchao , Ma Zhiyong
Published: January 2021

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vaccine preventable disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), which is primarily prevalent in Asia. JEV is a Flavivirus, classified into a single serotype with five genetically distinct genotypes (I, II, III, IV, and V). JEV genotype III (GIII) had been the most dominant strain and caused numerous out breaks in the JEV endemic countries until 1990. However, recent data shows the emergence of genotype I (GI) as a dominant genotype and it is gradually displacing GIII. The exact mechanism of this genotype displacement is still unclear. The virus can replicate in mosquito vectors and vertebrate hosts to maintain its zoonotic life cycle; pigs and aquatic wading birds act as an amplifying/reservoir hosts, and humans and equines are the dead end hosts. The important role of pigs as an amplifying host for JEV is well known. However, the influence of other domestic animals especially birds that live in high abundance and close proximity to human is not well studied. Here, we strive to briefly highlight the role of birds in JEV zoonotic transmission, discovery of birds as a natural reservoirs and amplifying host for JEV, species of birds susceptible to JEV infection, and the proposed effect of JEV on poultry industry in future perspective which have been neglected for a long times. We also discussed the recent in vitro and in vivo studies which show that the newly emerged GI viruses replicated more efficiently in bird-derived cells and ducklings/chicks than GIII, and an important role of birds in the JEV genotype shift from GIII to GI.
Customizable Vector Acceleration in Extreme-Edge Computing: A RISC-V Software/Hardware Architecture Study on VGG-16 Implementation
Authors: Olivieri Mauro , Cheikh Abdallah , Menichelli Francesco , Mastrandrea Antonio , Sordillo Stefano
Published: January 2021

Computing in the cloud-edge continuum, as opposed to cloud computing, relies on high performance processing on the extreme edge of the IoT hierarchy. Hardware acceleration is a mandatory solution to achieve the performance requirements, yet it can be tightly tied to particular computation kernels, even within the same application. Vector-oriented hardware acceleration has gained renewed interest to support AI applications like convolutional networks or classification algorithms. We present a comprehensive investigation of the performance and power efficiency achievable by configurable vector acceleration subsystems, obtaining evidence of both the high potential of the proposed microarchitecture and the advantage of hardware customization in total transparency to the software program.
The One-way FSI Method Based on RANS-FEM for the Open Water Test of a Marine Propeller at the Different Advance Coefficient
Authors: Masoomi Mobin , Mosavi Amir
Published: January 2021

This study addressed a Fluid-Structure Interaction of an open Water test for vp1304 propeller to predict pressure and stress distributions with a low cost and high precision method. The most striking aspect of such a method(one-way coupling) is to use one hydrodynamic solution for the number of different structural sets involved in other materials or different layup methods and combinations of layers. An open-access software(OpenFOAM) with an open-source code solver is used to simulate the fluid domain. Abaqus is used To evaluate and predict the deformation and strength of the blade with the Finite Element Method(FEM). The coupling approach is based on dry condition, which means the added mass effects due to propeller blades vibration is neglected. The pressures imposed on the blades are extracted from the fluid solver for each time step. Then, These pressures role as a load condition for the structure solver. This approach was verified in the last paper(wedge impact); a key factor for the present solution is the rotational rate interrelated between two solution domains, which is explained in this paper. Finally, the blades' stress and strain are calculated and compared in each advance coefficient.
Police Treatment of the Public in Police Stations: Evidence from Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Arisukwu Ogadimma , Adebisi Tunde , Igbolekwu Chisaa , Asamu Festus
Published: January 2021

The police occupy a very important position in the entire criminal justice system in Nigeria. The nature of police relationship with the people and the manner in which the public were handled at the station and on the street daily within the community affects the way the people perceive them and the level of cooperation they get from the people in curbing crime in the society. The study took place in Zaria, Kaduna state, Northern Nigeria .The study population was the police in Zaria. Three police stations (Zaria City, Sabon Gari and Samaru police stations) were purposively selected reflecting the socio-cultural and demographic backgrounds of Zaria residence and population. The Divisional Police officers and police officers in-charge of crime were interviewed. The police crime and incidence records were examined while the general conduct and social atmosphere of the police and police stations were observed. Using in- depth interview, observational method and police records, it was discovered that the socio economic status of suspects affected how they were treated by the police in the police stations studied. Also the environment a suspect lives affected how they were treated too by the police. It was recommended that the police make the rule of law their guide in the handling of suspects in the police stations irrespective of socio-demographic variable or area of habitation of the suspects. Police brutality and violations of citizen’s rights should be checked by senior police officers while community-policing style should be implemented across communities in Nigeria.
Determination by Relaxation Tests of the Mechanical Properties of Soft Polyacrylamide Gels Made for Mechanobiology Studies
Authors: Pérez-Calixto Daniel , Amat-Shapiro Samuel , Zamarrón-Hernández Diego , Vázquez-Victorio Genaro , Puech Pierre-Henri , Hautefeuille Mathieu
Published: January 2021

Following the general aim of recapitulating the native mechanical properties of tissues and organs in vitro, the field of materials science and engineering has benefited from recent progress in developing compliant substrates with similar physical and chemical properties. In particular, in the field of mechanobiology, soft hydrogels can now reproduce the precise range of stiffnesses of healthy and pathological tissues to study the mechanisms behind cell response to mechanics. However, it was shown that biological tissues are not only elastic but also relax at different timescales. Cells can indeed perceive and actually need this dissipation because it is a critical signal integrated with other signals to define adhesion, spreading and even more complicated functions. The mechanical definition of hydrogels used in mechanobiology is however commonly limited to the elastic stiffness (Young’s modulus) and this value is known to depend greatly on the measurement conditions that are rarely reported. Here, we report that a simple relaxation test performed under well defined conditions can provide all the necessary information to characterize soft materials mechanically, by fitting the dissipation behavior with a generalized Maxwell model (GMM). The method was validated using soft polyacrylamide hydrogels and proved to be very useful to unveil precise mechanical properties of gels that cells can sense and offer a set of characteristic values that can be compared with what is typically reported from microindentation tests.
Experimental Assessment of the Spatial and Temporal Distribu-Tion of Non-contact Tonometer Airflows
Authors: Oehring Daniela , David Jenkins , Buckhurst Phillip , Buckhurst Hetal
Published: January 2021

(1) Aim of the study was to investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of the airflow created by two commercially available non-contact tonometers, the CorvisST and the Ocular Re-sponse Analyser. (2) The airflow pressure was measured using a MEMS pressure sensor to inves-tigate the spatial and temporal distribution. The airflow from the CorvisST and Ocular Response Analyser were mapped to a 600µm and a 1mm resolution grid, respectively. (3) Central airflow pressure of the CorvisST (96.4 ± 1.4)mmHg was higher than the Ocular Response Analyser (91.7 ± 0.7)mmHg. The duration of the air-puffs also differed, with the CorvisST showing a shorter du-ration (21.483 ± 0.2881)ms than the ORA (23.061 ± 0.1872)ms. The rising edge of the CorvisST airflow pressure profile demonstrated a lower gradient (+8.94mmHg/ms) compared to the Oc-ular Response Analyser (+11.00mmHg/ms). Both had similar decay response edges; CorvisST -11.18mmHg/ms, Ocular Response Analyser -11.65mmHg/ms. (4) The study presents a valid method to investigate physical dimensions of the airflow pressure of non-contact tonometers. Novel findings relating to the magnitude, duration and spatial characteristics of the respective airflow pressures are reported. It is anticipated that this information will better inform clinical studies and theoretical models relating to ocular biomechanics.
Perceived Help-Seeking Difficulty, Barriers, Delay, and Burden in Carers of People with Suspected Dementia
Authors: Ng Carmen KM , Leung Dara KY , Cai Xinxin , Wong Gloria HY
Published: January 2021

Because of an often complicated and difficult-to-access care system, help-seeking for people with suspected dementia can be stressful. Difficulty in help-seeking may contribute to carer burden, in addition to other known stressors in dementia care. This study examined the relationship between perceived help-seeking difficulty and carer burden, and the barriers contributing to perceived difficulty. We interviewed 110 carers accessing a community-based dementia assessment service for suspected dementia of a family member for their perceived difficulty, delays, and barriers in help-seeking, and carers burden in terms of role strain, self-criticism, and negative emotions. Linear regression models showed that perceived help-seeking difficulty is associated with carer self-criticism, while carer role strain and negative emotions are associated with symptom severity of the person with dementia but not help-seeking difficulty. Inadequate knowledge about symptoms, service accessibility, and affordability together explained more than half of the variance in perceived help-seeking difficulty (Nagelkerke R2 = .56). Public awareness about symptoms, support in navigating service, and financial support may reduce perceived difficulty in help-seeking, which in turn may reduce carer self-criticism during the early course of illness.
Proliferative diseases of the uterus: clinical, immunological, and molecular aspects
Authors:   Novokuznetsk State Medical Institute of Postgraduate Education, a branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Novokuznetsk, Russian Federation, Shramko S.V. , Gulyaeva L.F. ,   Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Zorina V.N. ,   Institute of Toxicology, Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Tretyakova T.V. ,   Novokuznetsk State Medical Institute of Postgraduate Education, a branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Novokuznetsk, Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

Objective. To perform comparative analysis of clinical data, serum levels of acute-phase proteins, cytokines, steroid hormones, and expression of genes encoding sex hormone receptors in tissues of patients with proliferative diseases of the uterus. Patients and methods. We analyzed clinical data of 349 patients with various proliferative diseases of the uterus. We also evaluated their serum levels of α2-macroglobulin, pregnancy-associated α2-glycoprotein, their immunocomplexes with IgG, lactoferrin, VEGF, IL-6, TNFa, IL-8, and sex hormones. Uterine tissue samples were tested for the expression of genes encoding estrogen receptors α and β (ЕRα, ЕRβ) and progesterone receptors (PGR). Data analysis was performed using the statistical packages of SAS 9.4, STATISTICA12, and IBM-SPSS Statistics 22. Results. The changes in the level of acute-phase proteins indicated inflammation. In isolated uterine fibroids, expression of genes encoding progesterone receptors prevailed, whereas in isolated adenomyosis, expression of genes encoding estrogen receptors prevailed. Patients with both uterine fibroids and adenomyosis demonstrated similar levels of expression of genes encoding sex steroid hormone receptors. Tissues of uterine leiomyosarcoma were characterized by downregulated expression of genes encoding sex steroid hormone receptors. Conclusion. Upregulation of genes encoding progesterone receptors in isolated uterine fibroids confirms that therapy with progesterone receptor blockers is appropriate in this case. The predominance of expression of genes encoding estrogen receptors in isolated adenomyosis indicates local hyperestrogenism, justifying the use of progestogens and antiestrogens. Equal expression of genes encoding estrogen and progesterone receptors in patients with combined disease, as wells as high frequency of inflammatory changes in tissues and increased serum levels of inflammatory markers, proves the need for antiinflammatory therapy. Key words: adenomyosis, inflammation, steroid receptor genes, leiomyosarcoma, uterine fibroids, gene expression
Possibilities of ovarian stimulation in patients with reduced ovarian reserve
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shamugiya N.L. ,   Moscow Academic Clinic IVF, Moscow, Russian Federation, Borisova M.S. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation,   IVF & Reproductive Genetics Center, Moscow, Russian Federation, Podzolkova N.M. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

Objective. To increase the efficiency of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in young patients with reduced ovarian reserve after ovarian surgery. Patients and methods. 141 patients were examined. In the first group (main), 56 patients with reduced ovarian reserve after unilateral/bilateral ovarian resection were included. In the second group (comparison group) – 85 patients with reduced ovarian reserve of unknown etiology were included. Results. There were no differences in the assessment of ovarian reserve in groups (p > 0.05). Stimulation protocols in groups differed in terms of the daily and total dose of gonadotropins (p < 0.05). The main group and the comparison group differed in terms of the quality of the obtained oocytes (3.11 ± 1.69 vs 3.99 ± 2.38; p = 0.0244) and embryos (1.25 ± 1.19 vs 1.73 ± 1.55; p = 0.0465). Perinatal outcomes in groups did not differ significantly (p > 0.05), but in the main group there was a greater number of spontaneous miscarriages and premature births (3.1% versus 1.9%), which may indicate the influence of etiological factor in reducing the ovarian reserve on carrying a pregnancy. Conclusion. To increase the effectiveness of ART in patients with reduced ovarian reserve, etiological factor should be taken into account when selecting the optimal protocol for ovarian stimulation. Age is a decisive factor in the outcomes of ART in this group of patients. Key words: infertility, ovarian response, assisted reproductive technologies, ovarian reserve, ovarian stimulation, in vitro fertilization
Chemoreactomic analysis of inositol stereoisomers: different profiles of pharmacological activity of myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol in females with reproductive system disorders
Authors:   M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, I.Yu.Torshin I.Yu.Torshin , L.A.Mayorova L.A.Mayorova ,   Ivanovo State University of Chemical Technology, Ivanovo, Russian Federation, E.V.Uvarova E.V.Uvarova ,   V.I.Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, Russian Federation, N.I.Tapilskaya N.I.Tapilskaya ,   D.O.Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, O.A.Gromova O.A.Gromova ,   M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

Inositol-containing drugs (stereoisomers of cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol) are used to compensate insulin resistance, particularly in patients with menstrual and ovarian disorders. Inositols are effective in preventing folate-resistant fetal malformations. Objective. To analyze pharmacological differences between the four main biologically active stereoisomers of inositol: myoinositol (MI), D-chiro-inositol (DCI), neo-inositol (NI), and scylloinositol (SCI) using the comparative chemoreactomic method. Materials and methods. Chemoreactom analysis, PubChem / PHARMGKBb HMDB, STRING databases Results. DCI is more sufficient than MI for (1) processing of branched-chain amino acids, which promotes normalization of glucose metabolism, as well as (2) metabolism of folates, vitamin PP, vitamin B5, and magnesium, (3) activation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor, whose activity is important for the prevention of sarcopenia, (4) antitumor effects (by inhibiting hyperproliferative effects, including those associated with excess glucose and an imbalance of androgens and estrogens), (5) inhibition of proinflammatory proteins (matrix metalloproteinase 15, ICAM1, and IRAK4 that mediate effects of interleukin-1). Conclusion. The profiles of pharmacological activity of DCI and SCI differ significantly from those of MI and NI. Therefore, combinations of MI and DCI are a more promising option to increase the sensitivity of cells to insulin than separate use of MI or DCI. Key words: insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovary syndrome, post-genomic pharmacology, myo-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, neo-inositol, scylloinositol, Dikirogen
Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi, TFP, dan Emisi Gas CO2 di Indonesia
Authors: Moddilani Ganiko , Irwandi Irwandi
Published: January 2021

This paper examines the development of information technology, total factor productivity (TFP), and urbanization of CO2 gas emissions in Indonesia from 1975–2014. To discuss empirically, this study uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. There are several results in this study. Firstly, the TFP coefficient value in the short term is lower than the long term, so that the Enviromental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is not proven. This is one of the causes of rising CO2 gas emissions. Secondly, information technology has a significant impact on the increase of CO2 gas emissions. Thirdly, Indonesia’s urbanization has reduced CO2 gas emissions. ................................................ Penelitian ini menjelaskan pengaruh perkembangan teknologi informasi, total faktor produktivitas (TFP), dan urbanisasi terhadap emisi gas CO2 di Indonesia dari tahun 1975–2014. Untuk menguji secara empiris, penelitian ini menggunakan model Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). Ada beberapa hasil dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, koefisien nilai TFP pada jangka pendek lebih rendah daripada nilai koefisiennya pada jangka panjang sehingga penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis Enviromental Kuznets Curve (EKC) tidak terbukti. Hal ini menjadi salah satu penyebab naiknya emisi gas CO2. Kedua, teknologi informasi memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap naiknya emisi gas CO2. Ketiga, urbanisasi di Indonesia mengurangi emisi gas CO2.
Pengaruh Jam Kerja Orang Tua terhadap Kognitif Anak di Indonesia
Authors: Gemellia Pradini Ajeng , Wongkaren Turro S.
Published: January 2021

The current phenomenon shows an increasing work activities by both fathers and mothers to fulfil household needs. This social change is feared to give children imbalance time, causing children’s development to be not optimal. This study aims to see the influence of parental working hour on children’s cognitive scores in Indonesia. This study used data from IFLS Survey in 2007 and 2014 with a unit of analysis of children aged 7 to 14 used an OLS estimation method. The results of this study indicate that parental working hours had negative influence on children’s cognitive scores. ...................................................... Fenomena saat ini menunjukkan peningkatan aktivitas bekerja, baik ayah maupun ibu, demi memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangga. Perubahan sosial ini dikhawatirkan memberikan ketidakseimbangan waktu pada anak-anak dan menyebabkan perkembangan anak menjadi tidak optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh jam kerja orang tua terhadap skor kognitif anak di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data dari Survei IFLS tahun 2007 dan 2014 dengan unit analisis anak-anak berusia 7 hingga 14 tahun menggunakan metode estimasi OLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jam kerja orang tua memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap skor kognitif anak-anak.
Measurement of gene amplifications related to drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum using droplet digital PCR
Authors: Srisut Suttipat , Suwannasin Kanokon , Sugaram Rungirun , Dondorp Arjen M. , Imwong Mallika
Published: January 2021

Background: Copy number variations (CNVs) of the Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1), P. falciparum pfplasmepsin2 (pfplasmepsin2) and P. falciparum GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (pfgch1) genes are associated with antimalarial drug resistance in P. falciparum malaria. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays have been developed for accurate assessment of CNVs in several human genes. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate ddPCR assays for detection of the CNVs of P. falciparum genes associated with resistance to antimalarial drugs.Methods: A multiplex ddPCR assay was developed to detect the CNVs in the pfmdr1 and pfplasmepsin2 genes, while a duplex ddPCR assay was developed to detect CNV in the pfgch1 gene. The gene copy number (GCN) quantification limit, as well as the accuracy and precision of the ddPCR assays were determined and compared to conventional quantitative PCR (qPCR). In order to reduce the cost of testing, a multiplex ddPCR assay of two target genes, pfmdr1 and pfplasmepsin2, was validated. In addition, the CNVs of genes of field samples collected from Thailand from 2015 to 2019 (n = 84) were assessed by ddPCR and results were compared to qPCR as the reference assay.Results: There were no significant differences between the GCN results obtained from uniplex andmultiplex ddPCR assays for detection of CNVs in the pfmdr1 and pfplasmepsin2 genes (p = 0.363 and 0.330, respectively). Based on the obtained gene copy number quantification limit, the accuracy and percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) value of the multiplex ddPCR assay were 95% and 5%, respectively, for detection of the CNV of the pfmdr1 gene, and 91% and 5% for detection of the CNV of the pfplasmepsin2 gene. There was no significant difference in gene copy numbers assessed by uniplex or duplex ddPCR assays regarding CNV in the pfgch1 gene (p = 0.276). The accuracy and %RSD value of the duplex ddPCR assay were 95% and 4, respectively, regarding pfgch1 GCN. In the P. falciparum field samples, pfmdr1 and pfplasmepsin2 GCNs were amplified in 15% and 27% of samples from Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, while pfgch1 GCN was amplified in 50% of samples from Yala, Thailand. There was 100% agreement between the GCN results obtained from the ddPCR and qPCR assays (κ = 1.00). The results suggested that multiplex ddPCR assay is the optional assay for the accurate detection of gene copy number without requiring calibration standards, while the cost and required time are reduced. Based on the results of this study, criteria for GCN detection by ddPCR analysis were generated.Conclusions: The developed ddPCR assays are simple, accurate, precise and cost-effective tools for detection of the CNVs in the pfmdr1, pfplasmepsin2 and pfgch1 genes of P. falciparum. The ddPCR assay is a useful additional tool for the surveillance of antimalarial drug resistance.
Variation of heart and lung radiation doses according to setup uncertainty in left breast cancer
Authors: Park Sunmin , Rim Chai Hong , Yoon Won Sup
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Breast radiotherapy set-up is often uncertain. Actual dose distribution to normal tissues could be different from planned dose distribution. The objective of this study was to investigate such difference in dose distribution according to the extent of set-up error in breast radiotherapy.Materials and methods: A total of 50 Gy with fraction size of 2 Gy was given to 30 left breasts with different set-ups applying a deep inspiration breath holding (DIBH) or a free breathing (FB) technique. Under the assumption that errors might come from translational axes of deep or caudal directions, the isocenter was shifted from the original tangential alignment every 2.5 mm to simulate uncertainty of deep and caudal tangential set-up in DIBH and FB. Changes were evaluated for dosimetric parameters for the heart, the left ventricle (LV), the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and the ipsilateral lung.Results: On the original plan, mean doses of heart and ipsilateral lung were 2.0 ± 1.1 Gy and 3.7 ± 1.4 Gy in DIBH and 8.4±1.3 Gy and 7.8±1.5 Gy in FB, respectively. The change of dose distribution for the heart in DIBH was milder than that in FB. The deeper the tangential set-up, the worse the heart, LV, LAD, and ipsilateral lung doses, showing as much as 49.4%, 56.4%, 90.3%, and 26.1% shifts, respectively, in 5 mm DIBH setup. The caudal set-up did not show significant dose difference. In multiple comparison of DIBH, differences of mean dose occurred in all 7.5 mm deep set-ups for the heart (p = 0.025), the LV (p = 0.049), and LAD (p = 0.025) in DIBH.Conclusions: To correct set-up error over indicated limitation for deep tangential set-up in DIBH at 5 mm action level, mean heart and ipsilateral lung doses are expected to increase approximately 50% and 25%, respectively.
Overlap time is an independent risk factor of radiation pneumonitis for patients treated with simultaneous EGFR-TKI and thoracic radiotherapy
Authors: Jia Wenxiao , Gao Qianqian , Wang Min , Li Ji , Jing Wang , Yu Jinming , Zhu Hui
Published: January 2021

Background: The exact rate and relevant risk factors of radiation pneumonitis (RP) for non-small-cell cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with the combination of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and thoracic radiotherapy have not been reported. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the rate and risk factors of RP for EGFR-positive NSCLC patients simultaneously treated with first-generation EGFR-TKI and TRT.Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated NSCLC patients simultaneously treated with first-generation EGFR-TKI and thoracic radiotherapy between January 2012 and December 2019 at Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong, China. RP was diagnosed via computed tomography and was classified according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0. The risk factors of RP were identified using uni- and multivariate analyses.Results: Of the 67 patients included, 44.78% (30/67) developed grade ≥2 RP. Grade ≥2 RP occurred within a median of 3.48 (range, 1.07-13.6) months. The EGFR-TKI icotinib, ipsilateral lung V30 >34%, and overlap time of >20 days between EGFR-TKI and thoracic radiotherapy were identified to be independent predictive factors of grade ≥2 RP.Conclusions: Grade ≥2 RP is highly frequent in NSCLC patients simultaneous treated with first-generation EGFR-TKI and thoracic radiotherapy. Icotinib, ipsilateral lung V30 ≤34%, and overlap time of ≤20 days for EGFR-TKI and thoracic radiotherapy will be helpful to lower the risk of RP in these patients. The addition of thoracic radiotherapy should be cautious, and the treatment strategies can be optimized to reduce the rate of RP for patients treat with simultaneous EGFR-TKI and thoracic radiotherapy.
Highly stable organic photothermal agent based on near-infrared-II fluorophores for tumor treatment
Authors: Xu Yunjian , Wang Shiqi , Chen Zhenjiang , Hu Rui , Li Shaoqiang , Zhao Yihua , Liu Liwei , Qu Junle
Published: January 2021

Background: The aim to develop a highly stable near-infrared (NIR) photoinduced tumor therapy agent stems from its considerable potential for biological application. Due to its long wavelength, biological imaging exhibits a high signal-to-background ratio, deep tissue penetration and maximum permissible light power, which can minimize damage to an organism during photoinduced tumor therapy.Results: A class of stable NIR-II fluorophores (NIR998, NIR1028, NIR980, NIR1030, and NIR1028-S) based on aza–boron–dipyrromethene (aza-BODIPY) dyes with donor-acceptor-donor structures have been rationally designed and synthesized by harnessing the steric relaxation effect and intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (IPET). These fluorophores exhibit an intense range of NIR-II emission, large Stokes shift (≥100 nm), excellent photothermal conversion performance, and superior stability against photobleaching. Among the NIR-II fluorophores, NIR998 possesses better NIR-II emission and photothermal conversion performance. NIR998 nanoparticles (NIR998 NPs) can be encapsulated by liposomes. NIR998 NPs show superior stability in the presence of light, heat, and reactive oxygen nitrogen species than that of indocyanine green NPs, as well as a higher photothermal conversion ability (η = 50.5%) compared to other photothermal agents. Finally, under the guidance of photothermal imaging, NIR998 NPs have been proven to effectively eliminate tumors via their excellent photothermal conversion performance while presenting negligible cytotoxicity.Conclusions: Utilizing IPET and the steric relaxation effect can effectively induce NIR-II emission of aza-BODIPY dyes. Stable NIR998 NPs have excellent photothermal conversion performance and negligible dark cytotoxicity, so they have the potential to act as photothermal agents in biological applications.
Disease activity index is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Medeiros Priscila Beatriz de Souza , Salomão Roberta G , Teixeira Sara R , Rassi Diane Meyre , Rodrigues Luciana , Aragon Davi Casale , Fassini Priscila Giacomo , Ued Fábio Veiga , Tostes Rita C , Monteiro Jacqueline P , Ferriani Virgínia Paes Leme , De Carvalho Luciana Martins
Published: January 2021

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. The present study determined the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in childhood-onset SLE using the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurement and investigated associations between traditional and nontraditional risk factors for atherosclerosis, such as medications, SLE Disease Activity Index - SLEDAI-2K and SLICC-ACR damage index and CIMT. Methods: Cross-sectional prospective study between 2017-2018. CIMT was assessed by ultrasonography. Data were collected by chart review, nutritional evaluation and laboratory tests and analyzed by Fisher, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests, multiple linear and log binomial regression. Results: Twenty-eight patients (mean age 13.9 years, SD 3) were enrolled. The prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis was 32% (95% CI 14.8, 49.4). The mean CIMT was 0.43 ± 0.035 mm. The most common traditional risk factors observed were dyslipidemia (82.1%), uncontrolled hypertension (14.2%), obesity (14.3%), and poor diet (78.6%). Uncontrolled hypertension (p=0.04), proteinuria (p=0.02), estimated glomerular filtration rate <75ml /min/1.73 m2 (p=0.02) and SLEDAI-2K > 5 (P=0.04) were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. SLEDAI-2K > 5 maintained association with CIMT after adjusting for control variables. Conclusion: Subclinical atherosclerosis is frequently observed in cSLE, mainly in patients with moderate to severe disease activity.
Gender Differences in Resilience Among Older Taiwanese Adults
Authors: Fergus Deleon , Chen Yi-Hua , Chuang Ying-Chih , Ma Ai-Hsuan , Chuang Kun-Yang
Published: January 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine whether gender impacts potential associations between social relationships, sociodemographic, health and behavioural factors with resilience among older Taiwanese adults.
Methods

High and low resilience of older adults was determined based on the median value of the Friborg’s Resilience Scale. An independent sample t-test, χ2, and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine predictors for resilience which were then stratified by gender.
Results

Older women were less likely to be resilient than older men. Marital status, age, financial stress, and satisfaction with one's living environment were only significant in women. Traditional gender roles in the wider Taiwanese context can be attributed to these differences.
Conclusions

The relationships between gender, sociodemographics, health, and social and behavioural factors with resilience provide unique insights into how culture shapes trends in data.
Mechanical Evaluation of Collapse Risk for Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head Post-Medical Treatment
Authors: Mei Yuqian , Tang Qi , Chen Songhao , Chen Duanduan
Published: January 2021

Background: Early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head can progressively induce the bone collapse and the accuracy of the collapse risk evaluation is limited. This study aims to propose a potential collapse indicator by biomechanical evaluating the treatment effectiveness. Methods: Six patient-specific models pre- (initial presentation) and post- medical treatment were established and elastic properties of the bone were assigned with a function of spatial-variant Hounsfield unit values. Morphological and mechanical analyses were compared between pre- and post-treatment models. Results: In the morphological study, four cases show the reduced ratio of low-density necrotic volume, but not consistent with one-year follow-up results. In the mechanical analysis, the equivalent stress variation near the Ward triangle shows consistency in the one-year outcome. Moreover, a parameter - relative stress index, the ratio between the mean volume stress index and the mean volume equivalent stress, is proposed. A smaller value of the relative stress index indicates stronger bone compressive strength and its variation is consistent with the follow-up results. Conclusions: Results implicate that to evaluate the effectiveness of medical treatments, the morphologic analysis should be considered but the mechanical capability and the loading transfer path through the necrotic and viable bone play a more important role.
Potential Candidate Genes and Pathways Affecting the Metabolism of Jaw Fats in Risso’s Dolphin: Based on Transcriptomics
Authors: Senevirathna Jayan , Yonezawa Ryo , Igarashi Yoji , Saka Taiki , Yoshitake Kazutoshi , Kinoshita Shigeharu , Funasaka Noriko , Asakawa Shuichi
Published: January 2021

Jaw fats play a key role in echolocation in toothed whales. These fats are located along the outer and inner segments of the lower jawbone. A ribose nucleic acid (RNA) sequencing technique was employed to investigate transcriptomes of these two types of jaw fat tissues in Risso’s dolphins. We identified 1,899 upregulated common genes in both fat tissues. The differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) analysis showed that 34 and nine known genes were significantly upregulated in outer and inner jaw fats, respectively. A functional enrichment analysis was conducted by Enricher; lipid metabolism-related gene ontologies (GO) and pathways were identified (p<0.05). Based on these analyses, APOH, HNF4A, MYF6, SLC1A2, SLC2A2 and ALDOB were key genes for lipid metabolism in the outer jaw fat which are mainly involved with lipoprotein lipase activities. However, APP, DHX9, PXMP4 and THBS4 genes were highly expressed in the inner jaw fat, and their main functional enrichments were amyloid-beta formation and the activation of ECM-receptor interaction. These recent findings provide evidence for de novo lipid synthesis and as a new concept, the APP may be involved with transferring sound wave signals from the inner jaw fat to the brain via neurons, and further studies are necessary for revealing the puzzle of echolocation in toothed whales.
Without SLO BECCS, fast net-zero looks unlikely
Authors: Donnison Caspar , Trdlicova Karolina , Mohr Alison , Taylor Gail
Published: January 2021

Given the importance of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) in net-zero scenarios, it is crucial that policymakers understand how BECCS can achieve a Social License to Operate (SLO). BECCS discussions have been dominated by global scale assessments with very limited exploration of how and where the technology could be deployed at national and local scales. Failure to address key aspects of BECCS deployment may lead to public rejection, as has happened with previous technologies such as GM crops and onshore wind energy. This has major implications for the delivery of net-zero emissions: time is very short for policy makers to find alternative strategies to meet carbon budgets. We present the first media analysis of its kind to consider BECCS, using two geographical locations - the UK and California - to analyze the ‘storylines’ which frame the public discussion of BECCS. The results highlight that successful policymaking will require engagement with local communities and identification of relevant location-specific factors that determine the social and environmental impact of BECCS.
Clinical and Histological Features of Prosthetic Joint Infections May Differ In Patients With Inflammatory Arthritis and Osteoarthritis
Authors: Sculco Peter , Kapadia Milan , Moezinia Carine , Miller Andy , Donlin Laura , Henry Michael , Russell Linda , Figgie Mark , Nocon Allina , Pannellini Tania , Goodman Susan
Published: January 2021

Background: Inflammatory arthritis (IA) patients are at increased risk for prosthetic joint infections (PJI); however, diagnosis is challenging because active IA patients have elevated inflammatory markers that may mimic joint infection and definitive microbiologic diagnosis may be delayed. The objective of this pilot study was to identify the clinical, microbiologic, and histopathologic features of culture positive (CP) and culture negative (CN) total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) PJI in IA patients and obtain preliminary data to support a definitive study to determine the optimal method for PJI diagnosis in patients with inflammatory arthritis. Methods: A retrospective cohort of THA/TKA PJIs, from 2009 to 2016, were identified using an institutional PJI registry. H&E slides of OA and IA PJI cases matched by age, sex, and culture status were histologically reviewed. Clinical characteristics were evaluated using Fisher’s exact, Chi-Square tests, Students’ t test, and Mann Whitney U test where appropriate.Results: 807 PJI cases were identified including 36 IA and 771 OA. A higher proportion of IA PJI were CN (N=10, 27%) vs. OA PJI (N=109, 14%, p=0.02). IA PJI patients compared to OA patients presented younger (p<0.001), with a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (p=0.002), had more frequent use of glucocorticoids (p<0.001) and a larger proportion were female (p<0.001). Of 88 PJIs reviewed for histopathology, within the IA cohort, a higher proportion of CP-IA had >10 PMN per HPF (p= 0.003) and met MSIS criteria (p=0.009) but presented with less chronic inflammation (p=0.017).Conclusions: This hypothesis-generating study suggests that culture negative PJI is more frequent in patients with IA than OA. Higher rates of prior PJI, differences in histopathology, and better clinical outcomes suggest biologic differences between CN and CP PJI that should be explored further in a prospective study.