bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREVALENCE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION IN ENDOSCOPIC BIOPSY SPECIMEN AMONG ACID PEPTIC DISORDER PATIENTS ATTENDING GASTRO-OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT OF A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN CENTRAL NEPAL
Authors: Timilsina Sameer , Sharma Acharya Bimal , Shrestha Barun
Published: April 2024

Background: Acid peptic disorder (APD) is the most frequently encountered provisional diagnosis in general practice with Helicobacter pylori being the major causal agent. In the present study we aim to report the incidence of H. pylori infection among patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at a tertiary care center in central Nepal.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 101 patients with diagnosis of APD. An Upper gastrointestinal (UGI)  Endoscopy was performed on all the participants and biopsy specimen was obtained from various parts depending on the endoscopic findings.  Reports of H&E stain H. pylori status was recorded using a pre-formed proforma. Data analysis was done using SPSS-20.
Results: H. pylori infection was found in 41.6% (42/101) patients with female predominance (25/60) (59.5%). Both married men and women had higher prevalence of HP infection than their unmarried counterparts. Patients with blood group O were found to be the most affected.
Conclusions: A higher prevalence of H. pylori was found among APD patients who had undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
A SURVIVAL STORY OF 47 YEARS OLD MALE WITH ACUTE TOTAL OCCLUSION OF LEFT MAIN AND COEXISTING OSTIAL RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY LESION
Authors: Murtuza Shahid , Dhital Bishnu Mani , Regmi Shyam Raj , Thapa Shovit
Published: April 2024

Left main coronary artery (LMCA) thrombus occlusion causing acute coronary syndrome is an uncommon event and associated with severe life-threatening presentations. The clinical outcome depends on the age of the patients, presence of cardiogenic shock and the presence of dominant Right Coronary Artery (RCA) Early reperfusion is associated with improved outcomes.
A 47-years man presented with sudden substernal burning sensation and dry cough for 1 hour. Coronary angiography revealed an acute totally occlusion of ostial left main (LM) with TIMI flow grade 0 and dominant RCA with ostial 80% stenosis having TIMI flow grade 3 and Grade 1 contralateral collaterals from RCA to left system. Emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed to ostial LMCA toward the proximal LAD to cover the whole LMCA and stage PCI was performed to ostial RCA. Patient was discharge on 7th day with good general condition. An electrocardiographic pattern is associated with collateral filling territories in unprotected left main (ULM) occlusion. In our case diagnosis was completely made after diagnostic coronary angiogram.
Acute total occlusion of LMCA is associated with arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock and sudden death. However, Patient was hemodynamically stable that showed indubitably the importance of dominant RCA with TIMI 3 flow and Grade 1 contralateral collaterals to left coronary circulation. We perform successful primary PCI of acute total occluded LMCA which shortened the ischemic time to salvage the ischemic myocardium.
COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME: A SERIOUS CONCERN AFFECTING OUR EYES IN THE DIGITAL ERA
Authors: Chaulagain Rajib
Published: April 2024

NA
DYSPHAGIA AS AN UNCOMMON PRESENTATION OF MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDER: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Adhikari Apar , Kayastha Kiran , Kayastha Usha , Kayastha Jyoti , Adhikari Antim
Published: April 2024

Mixed Connective Tissue Disorder is an autoimmune condition characterized by features of multiple connective tissue diseases. Dysphagia is a rare presentation of Mixed Connective Tissue Disorder and is not commonly reported. A unique and challenging case report to find out the cause of dysphagia as a Mixed Connective Tissue Disorder in a patient at a tertiary care Centre is presented. Early recognition, accurate diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for optimal outcomes in such cases.
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE ON EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION AMONG HIGHER SECONDARY STUDENTS
Authors: Thapa Mamata , Dhakal Radha Devi , Nepal Shobhana , Adhikari Prativa
Published: April 2024

Background: Emergency contraception is a modern contraceptive method that can be used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex. Adolescents are one of the vulnerable groups for premarital, unsafe/unprotected sexual intercourse resulting in unintended pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of secondary school students.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study design was used, and the study population included students in grades 11 and 12, including all faculties, selected by a proportional simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data and findings.
Results: The present study revealed that out of 222 respondents, the majority of respondents 65.3% had good knowledge and 52.3% of respondents had favorable attitudes towards emergency contraception among secondary school students. Some socio-demographic characteristics were significantly associated with good knowledge age (p<0.001), educational level (p<0.001), and faculty of education (p=0.004) and were not significant with other socio-demographic variables. However, there was no significant association between attitude towards emergency contraception and socio-demographic variables.
Conclusions: Most of the respondents have good knowledge and a positive attitude towards emergency contraception. However, very few of them knew about the right time to use emergency contraception and other related aspects. Therefore, awareness programs can be conducted at the high school level to increase the level of knowledge and correct use of emergency contraception.
STUDENT’S PERCEPTION TOWARDS CLINICAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT AT A MEDICAL COLLEGE, CHITWAN
Authors: Subedi Sadhana , Bajracharya Subina
Published: April 2024

Background: Clinical learning environment is an environment where the nursing student is systematically exposed in simulation laboratories and with real patients to learn and practice on their own for better clinical outcomes leading to quality nursing services. This study aimed to assess the nursing students’ perception towards clinical learning environment.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 98 nursing students studying in Generic Bachelor of Science in Nursing (B. Sc. Nursing) and Bachelor in Nursing Sciences (BNS) in School of Nursing, Chitwan Medical College, selected using probability stratified proportionate random sampling technique. Structured self- administered questionnaire; Modified Clinical Learning Environment Inventory was used to collect the data and analyzed using Chi-Square test.
Results: The findings of the study revealed that, median age of student was 22 years with the range of 19-29 years. Majority of students (64.3%) were from academic program Bachelor of Science in Nursing and 84.7% studied nursing on their own will. Study showed that majority of students (74.5%) had positive perception towards clinical learning environment and the level of perception was found to have statistically significant association with adequacy of patient flow during posting, availability of articles for clinical procedure and use of different clinical teaching methods such as bed side presentation and simulation (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Nearly three fourth of the students have positive perception towards clinical learning environment. Many factors such as availability of adequate number of patients, adequate resources tend to influence clinical learning environment. The study results suggest the need of using clinical teaching methods to improve the clinical learning.
ANALYTICAL EVALUATION OF ANA, ANTI-CCP AND ANTI-DS DNA ANTIBODIES IN PATIENTS WHO SUFFERED FROM RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND ATTENDED IN A TERTIARY CENTER OF NEPAL
Authors: Mallick Ram Lala , Mehta Ram Kumar , Gupta Mithilesh Kumar , Kafle Tara
Published: April 2024

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a heterogeneous group of diseases. Based on the data related to risk factors and autoantibodies, it has been divided into the positive and negative types. The objective of our study was to compare and contrast seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis in terms of inflammatory markers and autoantibodies.
Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional analytical study and carried out for a period of 9 months between August, 2022 and April, 223, and samples were collected prospectively, in 196 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. The sera were separated immediately from blood samples and stored in the refrigerator at 4 ⁰C until further investigation. The circulating investigation parameters like inflammatory biomarkers (such as Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive proteins & Rheumatoid factor) and autoimmune assay-based antibodies (like Antinuclear antibodies, Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide & Anti-ds DNA) were included. The results obtained were recorded and data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.
Results: Highly significant differences (P value < 0.01) were found in mean values of ESR (29.8 vs 42.4 mm/h), CRP (10.2 vs 23.6 mg/dl), RF (2.5 vs 28.4 IU/L), ANA (36 vs 80.6 AU/ml), Anti-CCP (33.5 vs 48.4 IU/ml) and Anti-ds DNA (16.4 vs 32.7 IU/ml). In Group-A of seronegative patients, significant correlation of Anti-ds DNA was found with CRP and RF. Meanwhile, in Group-”B” of seropositive patients, highly significant correlations (P value < 0.01) were found in ESR, CRP & RF. Additionally in this Group-B, both Anti-CCP & Anti-ds DNA correlated significantly (P value < 0.05) with ESR and RF.
Conclusions: Among the clinically important autoimmune antibodies, Anti-ds DNA significantly correlated in both seronegative and seropositive rheumatic patients.
ASSESSMENT OF PRESENCE AND ABSENSE OF IMPACTED MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR ON ANGLE AND CONDYLE FRACTURE
Authors: Singh Vivek , Bhagat Prachi , Singh Jasmeet , Rai Puja
Published: April 2024

Background: Various studies in the past have proven that impacted mandibular third molars increase the risk of angle fractures and decrease the risk of concomitant fractures of the condyle. The present study aimed to assess the effect of presence of mandibular third molars on mandibular angle and condyle fracture.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal between September 2016 to July 2020 after obtaining ethical approval. Hospital case records and panoramic radiographs were used to assess the presence, position and angulation of impacted mandibular third molar and the incidence of mandibular angle and condyle fractures were determined. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The frequency, percentage, means and standard deviation were calculated.
Results: A total of 78 cases with 103 angle and condyle fractures were included in this study. Sixty two cases of angle fracture had presence of mandibular third molars. Among 25 condyle fracture 16 cases had either fully erupted or missing mandibular third molars.
Conclusions: The presence of impacted mandibular third molar makes the angle region more vulnerable to fracture while presence of erupted third molar or its absence increases the risk of condylar fracture.
INFLUENCE OF MASS MEDIA ON THE RESIDENTS OF GAINDAKOT, NEPAL DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Kandel Suresh , Ghimire Harishchandra , Adhikari Kishor , Sharma Hari Krishna , Karn Abhishek , Sharma Narayan
Published: April 2024

Background: Effective communication during health crises is vital, yet the widespread distribution of information via diverse channels has led to an “infodemic,” propagating misinformation and malpractices adoption. This study aimed to examine the influence of mass media in the adoption of precautionary behavior, and the spreading of fear and panic during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Gaindakot, Nepal, encompassing individuals aged 18-59. Face-to-face interviews employing a structured questionnaire were employed to collect data from 380 participants selected through a multistage systematic random sampling method. The collected data underwent through SPSS version 20, for descriptive statistics, and bivariate and multivariate analyses.
Results: More than two-thirds (69.2%) of the respondents demonstrated a high level of adopting precautionary measures, while 43.2% of participants reported feeling fear and panic due to information from mass media. Social media (61.6%) and television (32.9%) were identified as the primary sources of information during the COVID-19 pandemic. Precautionary behavior adoption was significantly associated with ethnicity, income, and access to mass media while the spreading of fear and panic was significantly associated with sex, marital status, and employment status of the respondent.
Conclusions: Mass media plays a significant role in shaping public perceptions and behaviors during public health emergencies. This study recommends that accurate and targeted media messaging is crucial to promoting desirable health behaviors and reducing misinformation.
HYOID BONE POSITION AND PHARYNGEAL SPACE IN DIFFERENT VERTICAL JAW DYSPLASIAS
Authors: Sah Madhurendra Prasad , Halwai Hemant Kumar , Yadav Sumit Kumar , Dutta Kishor , Gupta Sanjeep Kumar , Shrivastava Rockey
Published: April 2024

Background: The position of hyoid bone and pharyngeal space is affected by various factors. One of the factors is vertical malocclusion. This study aimed to evaluate the position of hyoid bone and pharyngeal space in different vertical jaw dysplasias.
Methods: In total 102 lateral cephalograms of 70 females and 32 males in the age range of 15 to 25 years were selected from records of the patients who visited to the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, UCMS College of Dental Surgery Bhairahawa, Nepal. For the vertical plane of the face, sample was divided into three groups based on Frankfort mandibular plane angle: Group 1 (n=34; normal growth pattern) group 2 (n=34; horizontal growth pattern) and group 3 (n =34; Vertical Growth Pattern).
Results: The anteroposterior position of the hyoid bone was found significantly forward in horizontal grower compared with normal and vertical grower (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in vertical positioning of the hyoid bone among the patients with different growth patterns. There was no statistically significant difference in the axial orientation of the hyoid bone in patients with different growth patterns. Upper pharyngeal space was significantly different in different facial skeletal patterns (p=0.019) whereas, lower pharyngeal space had no significant association.
Conclusions: The position of the hyoid bone in horizontal growth pattern group was more anterior than the vertical growth pattern group. The upper pharyngeal space was found narrower in vertical growth pattern than horizontal and normal growth patterns.
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF INTRAARTICULAR DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURE TREATED WITH OPEN REDUCTION AND INTERNAL FIXATION WITH DORSAL PLATE
Authors: Karki Umash , Lakhey Shishir , Manandhar Rajeev Raj
Published: April 2024

Background: Distal radius fractures are among the most common fractures and there is considerable disparity among surgeons regarding the best way to treat these patients. Intraarticular fractures are treated with open reduction and internal fixation with either dorsal or volar plates. Dorsal plating is not much popular due to its reported complications of extensor tendon irritation and rupture. We conducted this study to assess the functional outcome of dorsal plating in intraarticular distal radius fractures.
Methods: A clinical prospective observational study was conducted at Kathmandu Medical College,Sinamangal. A total of 26 patients (male: 14; female: 12) of intraarticular distal radius fractures were enrolled and underwent open reduction and internal fixation using the dorsal plate. The functional outcome of dorsal plating was measured at 3 weeks,3 months and 6 months follow up.
Results: All patients achieved a functional range of motion, with greater than 50 degrees of wrist flexion, 25 degrees of wrist extension, and 60 degree arc of pronation and supination. The functional outcome measured was found to be good to excellent with a mean Mayo Wrist score of 89.23(75-100) and Quick Dash-9 score of 9.20(2.75 to 22). There were 3 cases of extensor tendon irritation, which completely resolved and no cases of extensor tendon irritation at final follow up.
Conclusions: Dorsal plating is a safe and effective way of treating intra articular distal radius fracture with good functional outcome.
ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS IN SURGERY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN THE SURGICAL WARD OF A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN CENTRAL NEPAL
Authors: Karki Sirisa , Shrestha Alok , Yadav Basant Kumar , Thapa Sangita , Dhungana Saroj , Mishra Rohit Kumar
Published: April 2024

Background: Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis is administration of a short course of antimicrobial agent prior to surgery. It has long been recommended for routine use in preventing occurrence of surgical site infections. The choice of drug, dosage, route, duration and timing of antimicrobial prophylaxis has been specified in the clinical practice guideline issued by American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. In the present study, we aim to seek the practice of antibiotic prophylaxis at a tertiary care centre in central Nepal and report the adherence to American and National Antimicrobial Treatment Guideline where applicable.
Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January to June 2023 among 232 patients undergoing surgery at Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital. Data collection tool prepared with slight modification from previous studies recorded the demographic details, surgical data, surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis usage data and assessment of Prophylaxis data.  Data analysis was done using SPSS-20.
Results: We observed compliance to selection of drug, route of administration, dosage of antimicrobial prophylaxis with American guideline. All (100%) prophylaxis was administered parenterally for more than 72 hours in over 40% cases. Choice of drug was appropriate in over 84% of cases and dosage adequacy was observed in over 61% cases. Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis was administered most frequently 30 minutes before surgery (52.59%).
Conclusions: All the surgical patients were found to receive surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis. Ceftriaxone was the most commonly administered drug followed by combination of piperacillin and tazobactam. The duration of treatment post-surgery was found to be unnecessarily broader than recommended guideline.
BODY MASS INDEX, WAIST TO HEIGHT RATIO AND OVERWEIGHT OBESITY AMONG ADULT POPULATION IN SELECTED WARDS OF BHARATPUR METROPOLITAN CITY
Authors: Shrestha Sarbada , Regmi Devraj
Published: April 2024

Background: Central obesity can be illustrated by Body Mass Index (BMI) as well as waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Such data are lacking among adult populations of Bharatpur. The aim of this study was to find the level of BMI and explore height, weight WC, and WHtR with reference for overweight and obesity among adults and and their associated factors.
Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was carried out among 183 adults with age group 31 to 50 years residing at ward number 5 and 15 of the Bharatpur. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect anthropometric and other information in 2023. BMI and WHtR were  calculated and general over weight/obesity were explored. The Pearson Chi-squared test was used to find the association between overweight, obesity and some independent variables at 5% level of significance.
Results: Present study showed Mean BMI 23.96 kg/m2 ±5.6SD (M-22.84, F-24.9) and 45.9% prevalence of overweight and obesity with more prevalence among females. Chi square test showed age (p-0.015 BMI and p-0.011WHtR), eating pattern (p-0.001 BMI andp-0.001 WHtR), morbidity(p-0.001) , family history of obesity(p-0.002), pattern of physical exercise(p-0.001), sleeping time(p-0.001 )and alcohol/tobacco consumption habit (p-0.001) were significantly associated with both the BMI and WHtR at the 5 % level of significance. Sex was not associated with BMI but with WHtR (p-0.017).
Conclusions: Overweight and obesity is found high among adults and the BMI and WHtR is found more among females.  So, proper action should be taken to address overweight and obesity by concerned municipality.
AWARENESS ON STROKE AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS ATTENDING AT TEACHING HOSPITAL, BHARATPUR, CHITWAN, NEPAL
Authors: Oli Laxmi , Sharma Kalpana
Published: April 2024

Background: Hypertensive patients are at the risk of developing stroke. Awareness regarding stroke is essential for the prevention and initiation of immediate effective treatment of stroke. This study aimed to find out the awareness regarding stroke among hypertensive patients attending a teaching hospital.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among hypertensive patients attending Medicine Out-patient Department of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan. A total 95 patients were selected using convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using structured interview schedule. Obtained data were analyzed in SPSS version 20 for window using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: Result of this study revealed that out of 95 hypertensive patients, 91.6% were above age group 40 years. More than half (51.6%) of the patients had good knowledge, 32.6% had fair knowledge and 15.8% had poor knowledge regarding stroke .Overall Level of knowledge on stroke was significantly associated with sex (p=0.012) and educational status (p=0.001) of the patients.
Conclusions: The awareness of stroke among hypertensive patients attending at teaching hospital of Chitwan seems to be insufficient at present. Hence, there is need for the awareness program for the hypertensive patients on stroke to prevent potential complication associated with it.
PREVALENCE OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE RISK FACTOR AMONG THE ADULT POPULATION OF BHARATPUR METROPOLITAN CITY, CHITWAN, NEPAL
Authors: Shrestha Niki , Shah Sanjeeb , Khanal Gayatri , Ghimire Prabha
Published: April 2024

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of disease burden worldwide. The data from Nepal indicated 6% increase in the deaths caused by non-communicable diseases from 2014 to 2018. The nationwide STEPS survey of non-communicable disease risk factor, 2019 showed high prevalence of risk factors, posing a greater threat for the NCD epidemic in future in the country. Thus, this study aims to find out the prevalence of non-communicable disease risk factors among the adult population of Bharatpur Metropolitan City in Chitwan, Nepal.
Methods: A descriptive, community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 310 respondents residing in Bharatpur Metropolitan. Four wards were selected purposively and convenient sampling was used to select the sample. A semi-structured questionnaire based on WHO NCD STEPS instrument adapted to the local context, was used to collect the data. A descriptive analysis was carried out to analyze the data.
Results: The prevalence of current smoking, alcohol consumption, low intake of vegetables and fruits, raised salt intake and low physical activity was found to be 18.1%, 38.7%, 94.6%, 80% and 66.5% respectively. Regarding metabolic risk factors, the prevalence of ever-raised blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol was 50%, 28.4% and 17.4% respectively.
Conclusions: The study revealed a high prevalence of behavioral and metabolic risk factor which varied in the age group of 40-60 years. The findings call for population specific policy and interventions and focused actions for the behavior modification through primary prevention module and behavior change communication strategy.
ASSESSMENT OF NUMBER AND LEVEL OF ATTACHMENT OF BUCCAL FRENUM IN THE EDENTULOUS OLD AGE PEOPLE IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER OF NEPAL
Authors: Sapkota Srijana Mishra , Thakur Smriti Narayan , Chaulagain Rajib
Published: April 2024

Background: Frenum is a fold of mucous membrane that encase muscle fibers. Frenum are important anatomical structure during complete denture fabrication. There is paucity of data related to buccal frenum. This study aimed to assess the number and level of buccal frenal attachment among the edentulous age groups and genders in both the maxillary and mandibular arches.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics & Maxillofacial Prosthetics of Chitwan Medical College. In total 97 patients of within the age of 55-85 years’ old participated in the study. In this study demographic details of participants followed by level and number of buccal mucosa in the oral cavity were noted in a predesigned proforma. The collected data was then transferred into SPSS and was analyzed for descriptive statistics using SPSS version 26.
Results: In this study, in total 97 complete edentulous patients participated in which 59 (60.8%) were males and rest were females. Single buccal frenum was mostly observed in the maxillary arch. About 49(50.5%) of the participants showed single buccal frenum on right side of maxillary arch, while on the left side 40 (41.2%) of the participants had single buccal frenum. In the mandibular arch, 62 (63.9 %) on the right side and 68 (70.1%) on the left side had no frenum at all.
Conclusions: From this study it can be concluded that there is variation in the buccal frenum too. In order to provide proper retention, stability, and support with the least amount of post-placement corrections, a solid understanding of the morphological variation of frenum is thus necessary.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY PATTERNS IN PATIENTS WITH PROXIMAL LEFT ANTERIOR DESCENDING CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS
Authors: Shrestha Manoj , Bhusal Pramod
Published: April 2024

Background: Stenosis of proximal left anterior descending coronary artery presents with diverse electrocardiographic patterns. This study aimed to determine different types of ECG changes and their frequency in patients with proximal left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur from Ist June 2023 to 30 October 2023. Patients who underwent coronary angiography and had proximal left coronary artery stenosis were included in the study. Total 80 such patients were evaluated. Electrocardiographic changes in these patients was noted. Proximal left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis was independent variable and ECG changes were dependent variables. The ECG changes were ST elevations in leads I, aVL and precordial leads V1-V6, ST elevations in V1-V6, De Winter’s T-wave pattern, acute LBBB and Wellen’s Syndrome. Frequency of varying electrocardiographic changes in proximal left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis was evaluated.
Results: Electrocardiographic analysis of proximal left anterior descending artery revealed diverse patterns. 37.5% (n=25) had ST elevations in leads I, aVL and V1-V6. 25% (n=20) had ST elevations in V1-V6. De Winter’s T-wave pattern was seen in 16.25% (n=13) patients. Left bundle branch block was present in 15% (n=12). A Wellen’s Syndrome was present in 12.5% (n=10).
Conclusions: Proximal LAD artery stenosis reveals significant diversity in ECG patterns.
ARE AWARENESS CAMPAIGNS EFFECTIVE IN INCREASING UPTAKE OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING TEST BY WOMEN: A STUDY IN A MUNICIPALITY IN CENTRAL NEPAL?
Authors: Sharma Kalpana , Ranabhat Sabin Kumar , Khan Gulam Anwar , Chaudhary Sanjeev , Bhurtyal Karma Murti
Published: April 2024

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of mortality among Nepalese women, but almost completely preventable by a screening test. This study aimed to find out the association of knowledge and attitude about cervical cancer and its screening test on the uptake of cervical pap smear test.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among women aged 20 to 65 years residing in Madi Municipality located in the central region of Nepal. Probability systematic sampling technique was used to select 300 samples for the study. Data were collected using structured interview schedule, and these were analysed in IBM SPSS version 20 for windows using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: Out of 300 married women, median age (IQR) was 40 (54-32) years. Despite 42.7% women having adequate knowledge about cervical cancer and 49% women having favourable attitude towards cervical pap smear, only 6.7% participants had undergone cervical pap smear test at least once in their life. There was no significant association between knowledge about cervical cancer and pap smear, and pap smear utilization. This shows that good knowledge does not always translate into action.
Conclusions: Population-based organized cervical pap smear screening program must be implemented to increase pap smear utilization. Health awareness campaigns in the absence of organized cervical screening program are largely ineffective.
INTOXICAÇÃO POR Enterolobium contortisiliquum (ORELHA DE MACACO) EM BOVINO PERTENCENTE A PROPRIEDADE RURAL SITUADA NO MUNICÍPIO DE JARU/RO - RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Wagmocher Rosa Maria Keffler , Teixeira Wâyni Barboza , Santos Renilton Araújo , Silva Ana Cláudia Rodrigues , Silva Dayane Farias da , Limoeiro Pamela de Paula Santos , Bromerschenkel Ingrid
Published: April 2024

O presente trabalho relata um caso de intoxicação por Enterolobium contortisiliquum, em vaca da raça nelore, de mais de 36 meses de ideade, pesando aproximadamente 400 kg. Os sinais clínicos apresentados foram isolamento, hiporexia, apatia, sialorreia, ausência de ruminação e tentativas de escoicear o abdômen. Outros 15 animais de um único lote, com acesso a mesma pastagem, suplementação mineral e água adoeceram, desses, três vieram a óbito e quatro abortaram no terço final da gestação, tendo os mesmos sinais clínicos. As intoxicações tendem a ocorrer com maior frequência durante os períodos mais secos do ano, devido a maturação dos frutos serem entre os meses de junho e julho, mas que permanecem na árvore por alguns meses, momento na qual as favas começam a cair, sendo ingerida pelos bovinos. Foi realizada a eutanásia do animal e posterior necropsia, onde foram visualizadas as alterações anatomopatológicas e as sementes da planta foram encontradas no rúmen do animal.
Tường bê tông chịu lực đúc sẵn - giải pháp mới cho chung cư cao tầng - ứng dụng tại Việt Nam
Authors: Đông Trần Phước , Tâm Nguyễn
Published: April 2024

Tường bê tông chịu lực đúc sẵn (hay còn được gọi là Tường bê tông tấm lớn - Concrete Load Bearing Precast Panels) được ứng dụng tại nhiều nơi trên thế giới. Tuy nhiên việc ứng dụng trong các tòa nhà cao tầng (lên đến 70 tầng) chỉ mới được ứng dụng gần đây. Australia là nước tiên phong trong ứng dụng giải pháp này trên thế giới cho các công trình chung cư cao tầng. Trong nghiên cứu này chúng tôi muốn đưa giải pháp này vào thay thế việc xây dựng chung cư cao tầng với giải pháp đổ tại chỗ truyền thống bằng tường bê tông chịu lực đúc sẵn. Bằng cách này chúng tôi thay đổi cách giải quyết bài toán kết cấu của toàn bộ công trình từ phần thân đến phần móng. Biện pháp thi công cũng như thời gian thi công sẽ được cải tiến đáng kể. Chi phí và độ bền vững của công trình cũng là ưu điểm lớn của nó. Việc ứng dụng precast panels sẽ giúp chúng ta có thể đầu tư xây dựng các chung cư cao tầng ở với số lượng lớn với giá thành rẽ đạt tiêu chí « nhanh, rẽ, đẹp, bền ». Nghiên cứu này áp dụng một case study ở Việt Nam cho một công trình chung cư được thiết kế và thi công hoàn toàn bằng precast panels vừa là cấu kiện chịu tải trọng đứng và ngang vừa là tường bao che (architectural façade) của công trình. Thiết kế đã chứng minh được hệ kết cấu đảm bảo an toàn chịu lực và đáp ứng được các tiêu chuẩn của Việt Nam và Australia với giá thành thấp hơn phương pháp đổ tại chỗ.
MUSEUM SOUVENIR: INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO TRADITIONAL FORMS. BASED ON THE EXPERIENCE OF THE REGIONAL MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS
Authors: Коляченко Е.В.
Published: April 2024

Музейные сувениры постепенно выходят за рамки обычных полиграфических изделий, которые либо описывают работы из коллекции, либо буквально их копируют. Данная статья нацелена на всестороннее рассмотрение процесса формирования инновационного подхода к проектированию и производству музейных сувениров, а также на выявление возможных проблем и условий для его осуществления. На примере опыта Челябинского музея изобразительных искусств проанализированы существующие особенности функционирования музейного магазина как одного из главных источников дополнительного дохода организации и участника более глобальных культурно-коммуникативных процессов внутри регионального художественного сообщества.

A museum souvenir systematically goes beyond the scope of printed products that tells exclusively about works from the collection or literally copy them. This article aims to comprehensively consider the process of forming an innovative approach to the design and production of museum souvenirs, its conditional achievability and obvious problems. Using the experience of the Chelyabinsk Museum of Fine Arts as an example, we analyze the existing features of the functioning of the museum store, both one of the main tools for additional income of the organization, and a participant in more global, cultural and communicative processes within the regional artistic community.
ПРЕДМЕТ ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ ИНТЕРЬЕРА К ЮБИЛЕЙНОЙ ДАТЕ: ИЗ ИСТОРИИ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ И ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ МЕБЕЛИ В ЛВХПУ ИМ. В. И. МУХИНОЙ
Authors: Ковалева Т.В.
Published: April 2024

Рассматривается посвященный 250-летию основания ЛенинградаЮбилейный стол, выполненный учащимися в научно-исследовательскихэкспериментальных М. А. Шепилевского, мастерских ЛВХПУ им. В. И. Мухиной по проектуН. Ф. Борушко и А. М. Смирнова; прослеживаетсяистория его создания через предшествующий опыт проектирования иизготовления предметов мебельного оборудования для общественногоадминистративного интерьера на кафедре художественной обработки деревав 1950-е гг.

INTERIOR EQUIPMENT ITEM OF FOR THE JUBILEE: FROM THE HISTORY OF FURNITURE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE IN THE LENINGRAD VERA MUKHINA HIGHER SCHOOL OF ART AND DESIGN

The article considers the “Jubilee” table dedicated to the 250th anniversary of the founding of Leningrad, made by students in the research experimental workshops of the Leningrad Vera Mukhina Higher School of Art and Design according to the project of M. A. Shepilevsky, N. F. Borushko and A. M. Smirnov; the history of its creation is traced through previous experience in designing and manufacturing furniture equipment for public administrative interior at the Department of Artistic Processing Wood in the 1950s.
FEATURES OF DESIGN AND PRODUCTION OF CORPORATE SOUVENIRS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THEIR FUNCTIONAL AND COMMUNICATIVE TASKS
Authors: Агафонова А.В.
Published: April 2024

Корпоративный сувенир — особый вид продукции, который не просто является хранителем информации и напоминанием о компании, событии, мероприятии, но и транслирует историю и традиции компании, создает положительный и надежный образ фирмы. В этом контексте бизнес-сувениры выполняют различные коммуникативные функции: имиджевые, рекламные, информационные и т. д. В зависимости от предполагаемых функциональнокоммуникативных задач создается образ сувенира, выбираются технологии брендирования и материалы для его изготовления.

A corporate souvenir is a special type of product that is not only a keeper of information and a reminder of a company, event, activity, but it also broadcasts the history and traditions of the company, creates a positive and reliable image of the company. In this context, business souvenirs perform various communicative functions: image, advertising, information, etc. Depending on the expected functional and communicative tasks, an image of a souvenir is created, branding technologies and materials for its manufacture are selected.
ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA, AGRONEGÓCIO E DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL: UMA ARTICULAÇÃO NECESSÁRIA
Authors: Rossi Rafael
Published: April 2024

O presente artigo é uma mediação por meio da qual abordamos a importância do ensino de geografia para o desenvolvimento intelectual dos alunos, com a contribuição da pesquisa e do estudo sobre práticas sustentáveis realizadas pelo agronegócio. Essa reflexão é oriunda de nossa atuação enquanto docente no curso de Pedagogia de uma universidade federal e, também, das investigações científicas que realizamos a respeito do desenvolvimento sustentável na formação de professores. Demonstramos a amplitude do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável e a importância do ensino de geografia com o debate e o estudo a respeito do agronegócio em uma perspectiva sustentável. Concluímos que a compreensão da realidade espacial é um requisito indispensável para futuros pedagogos e a análise geográfica do agronegócio sustentável apresenta potencialidades relevantes para o ensino e a pesquisa acadêmica.
Water Pollution Detection Using Video Surveillance and Deep Learning
Authors:   Pravara Polytechnic Loni., Natake Diksha Bajarang
Published: April 2024

Aiming at the problems that the traditional water quality prediction model is generally not high in prediction accuracy and robustness, a water pollution prediction using deep learning in water environment monitoring big data is proposed. Objective. To optimize and improve the prediction accuracy of the water quality prediction model. Firstly, in the water environment monitoring system, the Internet of Things big data technology is used to accurately sense and monitor the real-time data of sewage treatment equipment and sewage quality. Then, the deep belief network (DBN) is used to build the water pollution prediction model, and the collected sewage treatment data is analyzed to predict the water quality status. Finally, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to dynamically optimize the number of hidden layer neural units and learning rate in the DBN prediction model, which makes the prediction results more scientiﬁc and accurate. Based on the sampling data of Shanghai Jinze Reservoir, the proposed model is experimentally analyzed. The results show that the probability of accurate location of the pollution source is not less than70%. And under the two indicators of chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand, the root mean square error and correlation coeﬃcient are 3.073, 0.9892 and 1.958, 0.9565, respectively, which are better than other comparison models.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PROACTIVE ROUTING PROTOCOLS (DSDV, OLSR) & REACTIVE ROUTING PROTOCOLS (AODV, DSR) IN MANET USING NS-3
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING  FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE MBM UNIVERSITY, JODHPUR (RAJASTHAN), Khanchandani Shailesh Kumar
Published: April 2024

The abstract outlines a comprehensive analysis focusing on routing protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). Ad-hoc networks are dynamic wireless networks without a central infrastructure. This analysis compares two types of routing protocols—proactive (table-driven) and reactive (on-demand)—using simulation analysis. The protocols DSDV, OLSR, AODV, and DSR are evaluated using NS-3, considering various performance metrics under different scenarios. The research aims to provide insights into protocol strengths and weaknesses, aiding network protocol selection and potential enhancements. This investigation contributes to understanding routing behaviours in ever-changing MANETs, benefiting network design and optimization efforts. Keywords: MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network), DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector), OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing), AODV (Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector), DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
Smart Gloves for Blind Person using Ultrasonic Sensor & Arduino Nano
Authors:   B.Tech Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics And Telecommunication Engineering  Priyadarshini College Of Engineering Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, A.B Dr.Jirapure,
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the design and development of smart gloves aimed at enhancing the mobility and independence of blind individuals. The proposed system integrates an Arduino Nano microcontroller with an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles in the user's path. The ultrasonic sensor continuously scans the surroundings and provides real-time feedback to the wearer through haptic feedback mechanisms incorporated into the gloves. The system employs vibration patterns to convey the proximity and location of obstacles, allowing the user to navigate safely and confidently in various environments. Additionally, the compact and lightweight nature of the Arduino Nano ensures portability and ease of use. The effectiveness of the smart gloves was evaluated through user testing, demonstrating promising results in improving the mobility and autonomy of visually impaired individuals. This innovative solution has the potential to significantly enhance the quality of life for blind individuals by providing them with greater freedom of movement and increased safety in their daily activities. Keywords: Ultrasonic Sensors Arduino Nano, Vibrator motor, Speaker, Connecting wires, JQ6500 voice module.
‘GREEN METAL NANO TECHNOLOGY IN DENTISTRY’-A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors:   PG. Student, Dept of Prosthodontics, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, A.P., Ayireddy Priyanka
Published: April 2024

Over time, there has been a lot of interest in the synthesis of green AgNPs utilising plant extracts due to the remarkable antibacterial capabilities of these nanoparticles. These particles' nanosized makes it easier for them to pass through cell membranes, interacts with internal organelles, and eventually damages cells when they proliferate. With the exceptional benefits, including practicality, simplicity of usage, and the utilisation of specialised processes like bacteria, plants are currently the preferred method for synthesising metal nanoparticles. Based on the idea of converting silver ions (Ag+) to silver nanoparticles (Ag0), green synthesis techniques for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles are provided. The literature reveals that the modified metal nano particles modifying with green methods are already practicing by dental clinicians, whereas still less percentage of practitioners are using this green nano technology. Hence this narrative review includes different metal nano particles using in dentistry and different green methods using to modify the environmentally friendly dental practices.
Experimental Investigation and Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Chopped Strand Mat-E Glass Fiber Polyster Resin & Graphite Powder Composites
Authors:   B. Tech Final Year Students, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Visakha Institute of Engineering and Technology., Kumar V.Sravan
Published: April 2024

Composite materials play a vital role in many industrial applications. Researchers are working on fabrication of new composite materials worldwide to enhance the applicability of these materials. In view of this the mechanical performance of the composite material is essential. The objective of the present work is to analyze the effect of graphite powders content on the mechanical behavior of woolen E-glass 350gm-Glass fiber reinforced. Five different types of composites are fabricated using 0%,2%,4%,6%,8%wt of graphite powders with woolen-E glass fiber and polyester resin. The polyester resin, catalyst and accelerator are mixed in 50:1:1weight ratio in polyester matrix graphite. The aim of the project is to investigate the effect of graphite powders with woolen e-glass 350gm for making the composite material stronger and tougher. The investigation is carried out by mixing different weight percentages of the graphite powders with the polyester resin and preparing individual samples. After woolen- eglass preparation, the materials were properly mixed using the hand-lay techniques and different specimens were prepared with different compositions of the graphite powders. After all the samples were prepared, mechanical tests were carried out on the samples to ascertain the changesobserved due to the composition of graphite powders. The obtained results of various samples specimens were compared and graphically charted to characterize the new composites material. Keywords: MattE-Glass 350gm; Polyester resin; Graphite powders; Hand- Lay technique ; Catalyst & Accelerator.
dentification of some variable parameters in serum of COVID-19 patients in comparison with control group
Authors:   Department of Pathology & Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Kufa, Kufa, P.O., Box 21, Najaf Governorate, Iraq., Salim Mais
Published: April 2024

The study intended to determine the correlation among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and variable abnormalities in liver function test, lipids, and thyroid hormones. The study included 160 infected COVID-19 patients (80 females and 80 male) and 100 subjects as a control group (50 females and 50 males), attended the Al-Sader Medical City in Al-Najaf, Iraq during the period between January 2021 to October 2021. The patients' age ranged from 16-80 years old. Liver enzymes, lipid profile and thyroid hormone were tested. The results revealed a significant increase in liver function levels including alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and Albumin (p<0.05). Also, there was an increase in lipids levels including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides. The result showed significant difference in levels of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine, thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone between COVID-19 infected patients and the control group. As well the antithyroid antibodies (thyroglobulin antibody, thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyrotropin receptor antibodies) were increased. There was a correlation between increasing thyroid hormones and their antibodies with infection by COVID-19. This study concluded that COVID-19 infection can induce disturbances in liver and thyroid function tests and changes in the lipid metabolism.
Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in Egyptian multiple sclerosis patients
Authors:   Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt., Abdelwahab Nermin
Published: April 2024

One of the most common neurological illnesses in the world is multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). MS has both a genetic and an environmental origin. In terms of environmental factors, vitamin D deficiency is one of the most important risk factors and closely connected with gene polymorphisms involved in vitamin D metabolism, transport, or activity. Since vitamin D activity requires a receptor-mediated response, any changes to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) may have an effect on the pathophysiology of the disease. In this study, we aimed to identify the relationship between VDR gene polymorphisms, FokI A>G (rs2228570), ApaI A>C (rs7975232) and BsmI C>T (rs1544410) and MS. FokI, ApaI and BsmI genotypes were determined in 50 patients with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) and in 50 control subjects. DNA was isolated from blood samples, and then FokI, ApaI and BsmI gene polymorphisms were identified using allelic discrimination real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The distribution of FokI, ApaI and BsmI polymorphisms did not show any significant differences between MS patients and controls. Thus, we concluded that there is no association between the studied VDR gene polymorphisms and MS.