bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educational intervention to improve the knowledge of hand hygiene in pediatric residents and nurses
Authors: Afzal Muhammad Faheem , Hamid Muhammad Haroon , Parveen Azra , Hanif Asif
Published: May 2019

Objectives: To assess the improvement in the knowledge of hand hygiene in Pediatric residents and nurses after theoretical and hands-on educational intervention

Methods: This study was a questionnaire‑based cross‑sectional survey carried out in the department of Pediatrics, King Edward Medical University/ Mayo hospital Lahore in two weeks period. Total 41 Pediatrics residents and nurses, participated in the study. Initially a pretest questionnaire was given to each participant, followed by an educational intervention: a day’s worth of didactic lectures and practical training of practices for infection control. After two weeks, an identical post-test questionnaire was sent to the participants via email. Data were statistically analyzed through SPSS 22. Z test was applied to see the normality of data while paired t test was applied to compare the pretest score with posttest score.

Results: Of 41 participants who attended the workshop, 34 participants responded to post‑test giving an overall response rate of 83%. Out of 34, there were 27(80%) doctors and 7(20%) nurses, who participated in workshop. Each item of the questionnaire was analyzed, showing that pretest score for questions related to indication for hand washing, minimum timings required for hand rub, and spread of infection from unclean hands was quite low, as compared to post-test score, indicating statistically significant increment (p value 0.000, 0.001and 0.046 respectively). Mean pre-test score for doctors was 3.22 while for nurses, it was 3.14, whereas post-test score was 4.51 and 4.00 for doctors and nurses respectively. Overall, there was statistically significant increase in knowledge after educational intervention.

Conclusion: There is statistically significant impact of educational intervention on improving the knowledge of Pediatric residents and nurses with respect to hand hygiene practices.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.388

How to cite this:Afzal MF, Hamid MH, Parveen A, Hanif A. Educational intervention to improve the knowledge of hand hygiene in pediatric residents and nurses. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):771-774. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.388

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN THE SOILS OF FOOTHAL AREAS OF KRASNODAR KRAY
Authors: Забашта Анастасия , Zabashta Anastasiya , Забашта Николай , Zabashta Nikolay
Published: May 2019

The accumulation of heavy metals, primarily from the soil, takes place in the water and fodder plants. Sources are pesticides, polluted air and precipitation. Hazardous chemical elements in certain quantities enter plants from soil. It should be added that ballast substances from mineral fertilizers containing heavy metals are also found in the soil. It has been established that on the flat-foothill massif of the North Caucasus, the constant component of solid precipitation are such elements as chromium, nickel, lead, manganese and silver. Cadmium was not detected in most precipitation samples (less than 1.0 µg / l), but its concentrations exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations by 4–8 times, although its sources were not identified. Therefore, an agrochemical survey of agricultural land has been carried out and it has been established that the content of mobile forms of copper and zinc in the soils of the foothill areas does not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. Meadow grass stands do not accumulate zinc, copper, lead and cadmium in quantities exceeding the maximum allowable levels. In general, in the foothill areas of the Krasnodar Territory, hay contains 11.0–25.0 mg/kg of zinc, 1.8–9.0 mg/kg of copper, 0.2–2.0 mg/kg of lead, and 0.06– 0.24 mg/kg cadmium. Studies have shown that the agricultural soils of the foothill areas do not contain exceeding MPC values of mobile forms of zinc and copper. But there are local foci containing lead in small quantities. In hay from arable land and natural forage lands, the amount of heavy metals does not exceed MDU.
IRRIGATION - THE BASIS FOR INCREASING THE STABILITY OF ENTOMOCENOSES IN ARID CONDITIONS OF SOUTHEAST OF RUSSIA
Authors: Мелихов Виктор , Melihov Viktor , Комаров Евгений , Komarov Evgeniy , Комарова Ольга , Komarova Ol'ga
Published: May 2019

The article presents materials of perennial (1988–2017) studies on solving problems of stabilizing the phytosanitary situation in irrigated agrocenoses. The paper presents the results of studying the species abundance and insects, the patterns of their change under the influence of irrigation in the Lower Volga region. The effect of irrigation on the change in environmental conditions by the parameters of productivity of agrobiocenoses and microclimate is shown. The difference in air temperature in irrigated by sprinkling and non-irrigated agrocenoses immediately after watering reaches 7-8° C. In general, during the growing season, the average daily air temperatures in the irrigated agrocenosis were 2-4° C lower, compared to the non-irrigated. More mesophytic microclimatic conditions, which are formed under the influence of irrigation, are the leading factor determining the increase in the biodiversity of the entomocomplexes of irrigated agrocenoses due to an increase in species abundance and the number of mesophilic and hygrophilic insects. An increase in species diversity and abundance of meso-and hygrophilic in irrigated agricultural landscapes due to the emergence of new micro-sites (canals, spillways, storage ponds, etc.) is also shown. The formation of irrigated conditions in poly-dominant entomological communities, which increase the balance of the agroecosystem, including by optimizing its trophic structure. The changing ecological situation in irrigated agricultural landscapes determines the cultivation of plants with optimized physiological indicators, and the biological characteristics of the development of harmful and beneficial insects change under irrigation conditions. All this directly affects the relationship between phytophages and plants, as well as their survival, fertility, life expectancy of individual phases and other biological features of populations. It is noted that on irrigated crops there is a more favorable relationship between entomophages and pests, making it possible to self-regulate the entomofauna due to increased activity of entomophages. This creates a real opportunity to save the crop and reduce the pesticide load by 40-50% on irrigated crops.
PERSPECTIVITY OF USING DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL PREPARATIONS FOR ACCELERATION OF THE “GROWING” PROCESS OF CHICKEN DROPPINGS
Authors: Сибагатуллин Фатих , Sibagatullin Fatih , Халиуллина Зульфия , Haliullina Zul'fiya , Петров Андрей , Petrov Andrey , Синяшин Кирилл , Sinyashin Kirill
Published: May 2019

In connection with the necessity to speed up the composting process and preserve the nutrients in chicken droppings, this paper considers the possibility of its processing with the help of the biologically active additive “Mefosfon”, the preparations “Gorynych”, “Tamir”, “Udachnuy”, “Doctor Robik” and hydrogen peroxide . The object of the study was the droppings-free chicken manure of the III danger class of “Yaratel’ poultry farm of “Ak Bars Poultry Production Company” branch. The experiments were carried out in the open air in 50 liter insulated polyethylene containers for 2/3 filled with chicken droppings for 45 days (July-August 2018). The doses of the drugs being applied were determined by the instructions for their use or by the results of previously conducted experiments. Control served as a litter without drugs. When conducting model tests, the temperature of the substrate was monitored, the smell level of the test substrate, the initial and final humidity of the chicken manure, the presence of pathogenic microflora in the resulting product were determined. Recycled chicken droppings in all experimental variants and control belonged to the IV class of danger to the environment. Microbiological analysis carried out at the end of the experiment showed that, in the variant containing “Mefosfon” preparation, the content of enterococci and coliform bacteria was the lowest and amounted to 4% and 2%, respectively, of the final content in the control samples, indicating the promise of using “Mefosfon” to reduce the time of maturation and neutralization of chicken manure.
AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PUCCINIA DISPERSA ERIKS. AND PUCCINIA GRAMINIS PERS. DEVELOPMENT IN THE CROPS OF RYE IN THE KIROV REGION
Authors: Щеклеина Люция , Schekleina Lyuciya , Шешегова Татьяна , Sheshegova Tat'yana
Published: May 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of winter rye selection in the Research Center of the North-East for more than half a century of research. The dynamics of the degree of damage by brown and stem rust and the immune status of 9 varieties created at the institute in different periods (Vyatka 2, zoned in 1950; Dymka, 1993; Kirovskaya 89, 1993; Falenskaya 4, 1999; Snezhana, 2004; Rushnik, 2008; Flora, 2010; Grafinya, 2015; Kiprez - has been in state testing since 2017), and with different conditions of climatic factors. Taking into account the selection methods and the source material used in the work, as well as the year of inclusion of varieties in the State Register, they were divided into 3 stages of selection and variety change, 3 varieties in each. The study of the gene pool took place in 2010-2018 in the nursery of the competitive test with the natural infectious load of pathogens. The degree of damage to indicator (susceptible) varieties of brown rust averaged 41.4%, stem - 71.3%, which in terms of hardness corresponds to an average and strong infectious background. A reliable (at P ≥095) decrease in the degree of plant damage by stem rust was revealed with an increase in precipitation during the period of “bloom - milky-wax ripeness” (r = -0.68). At the same time, a closer relationship (r = - 0.74) for the varieties of the third stage of selection than for the varieties of the first and second stages is r = -0.62 and 0.66, respectively. The effect of temperature on the pathogenesis of both types of rust is insignificant, although it has a negative value. In the plant-microbial relationship Secale cereale-Puccinia dispersa, the effect of environmental factors is mostly insignificant, except for the effect of temperature on the development of brown rust in varieties of the second stage of selection (r = -0.51). Among the studied gene pool, only the Snezhana variety is characterized as resistant to leaf rust with a degree of damage ranging from 4.0 to 20.0%, and Vyatka 2 is moderately resistant to stem rust (20.0-35.0%). This trait in the Snezhana variety can be determined by the presence in its genome of the complex resistance donor Rossul (Lr4 and Sr1) from the VIR collection, and in the Vyatka 2 variety - by the recessive-polygenic type of short-stemming and intensive growth during the critical periods of the P. graminis pathogenesis. Close to them in terms of immune status is the Kirovskaya 89 variety, created with the participation of the Russian donor (RPd is an unidentified brown rust resistance gene). To date, in a series of successive stages of breeding, there is no significant progress in increasing the rust resistance of winter rye varieties. However, given the increase in rust infection, it is necessary to expand the immunological studies and strengthen the breeding work in this direction.
KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE NODE OF INTERMEDIATE GEARS OF DISTRIBUTIVE TYPE FUEL PUMP
Authors: Доброхотов Юрий , Dobrohotov Yuriy , Пушкаренко Николай , Pushkarenko Nikolay , Валиев Айрат , Valiev Ayrat , Иванщиков Юрий , Ivanschikov Yuriy , Андреев Роман , Andreev Roman
Published: May 2019

In order to study the significance of the impact of wear on the working surfaces of parts of the intermediate gear assembly on the amount of plunger dead stroke and, therefore, on the cycle feed and advance fuel injection angle, we analyzed the critical positions of the parts of the assembly without the repair of its geometric parameters. In the process, the working surfaces of parts and mates are subject to intensive wear, which leads to an increase in the radial play of the intermediate gear. With the help of the developed device, the intermediate gears of the first and second pump sections of 70 ND-22/6 pumps from among the repair stock were examined at the specialized workshop of OAO “Yantikovskoe RTP”. From an analysis of the results of statistical processing of the backlash values in the nodes under study, it follows that in 75% of pumps the value of the radial play of the intermediate gear exceeds the allowable value for the first pumping section and 72% of the pumps for the second section. The paper proposes a method for determining the radial play of the intermediate gear drive of the plunger rotation drive of the distribution type pump. The design of the device for the in-place determination of the radial play of parts in the nodes of intermediate gears is given. Statistical indicators of the radial play of the intermediate gears of the plunger rotation mechanism were obtained. The percentage of shelf life of distribution type pumps is determined by the parameters of the technical condition of the intermediate gear assemblies. According to the research results, it was proposed to transfer the intermediate gear assemblies of the ND-22/6 pumps to the category of repair kits with their obligatory replacement when replacing pump sections.
DEVELOPMENT AND STUDY OF THE GRAIN CRUSHING WORKING PROCESS OF SHOCKING AND REFLECTIVE CRUSHER
Authors: Миронов Константин , Mironov Konstantin , Оболенский Николай , Obolenskiy Nikolay , Гоева Вера , Goeva Vera , Гришин Николай , Grishin Nikolay
Published: May 2019

Based on the analysis of existing studies of the process of grinding grain, the goal and objectives of the research were set, a crusher of a grain of impact-reflective action was developed. The results of theoretical studies of the working process of the grain crusher, including the study of grains’ movement along the beam and the determination of the trajectory of movement of particles in the grinding chamber, are given As a result of the study of various methods of supplying the material, the lowest energy consumption was obtained when the comminuted material was fed through the upper loading window. In order to determine the joint influence of the factors under study on the criterion of optimization and the exclusion of insignificant, the semi-replica of the full factorial experiment was implemented. Variable factors were the rotor speed, the angle of attack, the material feed, the diameter of the holes, and the angle of coverage of the end sieve. The optimization criterion was specific energy consumption. At the next stage, grain refinement was investigated using a peripheral sieve instead of an end sieve, as well as a peripheral sieve and an end sieve at the same time. It was found that with an increase in the angle of attack hit the percentage of the yield of the finished product through a peripheral sieve increases. Also, to compare theoretical and practical studies, paint was applied to the surface, and then the nature of paint wear was examined. From a photograph taken after grinding the grain, one can see that in the area characterized by a positive value of b, the paint has worn off (which indicates a sliding movement of the weevil), and in the area with a negative value of b, we can see blows of the weevils. That is, the presented theoretical dependences quite accurately describe the nature of the movement of the weevil in the grinding chamber of the crusher. In order to determine the optimal values of the studied factors, a second-order experiment plan was implemented. The method of superimposing two-dimensional sections of the response surfaces yielded optimal values of the factors under study. At the same time, energy consumption amounted to 1 ... 1.3 (kW ∙ h) / (t - measurement unit), and the amount of dust and whole grains does not exceed the norms stipulated by GOST.
SOCIAL REPORTING: PURPOSE, BASIC FORMATION PRINCIPLES, STRUCTURE
Authors: Закирова Алсу , Zakirova Alsu , Клычова Гузалия , Klychova Guzaliya , Кириллова Валерия , Kirillova Valeriya , Юсупова Альфия , Yusupova Al'fiya
Published: May 2019

At present, the participation of enterprises in social events has increased significantly. In this connection, questions of the reflection of non-financial information, which satisfies public inquiries about the organization’s activities, become more relevant. One of the effective tools, that provide a holistic view of the social and economic activity of the enterprise, is social reporting. The article studies and clarifies the economic essence of the concept of “social reporting”, discusses the basic principles of the formation of social reporting and its structure. Social reporting should include the following sections: the strategy of the organization; functional structure of the organization; types of activities, legal form, size of organization; managment structure; changes in the structure, scale, form of ownership of the organization in the reporting period; business processes; stakeholder engagement; innovative development of the organization; performance indicators in the field of interaction with society. To reflect the performance indicators of innovation, environmental protection activities and performance indicators in the field of interaction with society, the article proposed forms of social reports. They propose to reflect such indicators as the share of costs associated with research and development of technologies, the acquisition of innovative products, the introduction / use of R&D results, new technologies, new technology; expenses for environmental services; the costs associated with the overhaul of fixed assets for environmental protection; costs for the protection and rehabilitation of land, groundwater and surface water, the cost of biodiversity conservation and protection of natural areas; the cost of socio-economic development of the region; the cost of charitable assistance in the field of culture, education, sports, health. The proposed social reporting format is an effective tool that increases trust, quality, reliability, and transparency in customer relationships; promotes brand awareness and investment in the environment, community, human capital; improves the quality of business management, competitiveness and quality of products; increases the efficiency of personnel management, ensures the safety and economy of natural resources
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF THE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT POLICY OF RECEIVABLE ARREARS
Authors: Клычова Гузалия , Klychova Guzaliya , Закирова Алсу , Zakirova Alsu , Хамидуллин Зульфат , Khamidullin Zulfat
Published: May 2019

In modern conditions, an objective need arises in controlling education and the state of accounts receivable, determining credit policy, analyzing and ranking clients, forecasting cash receipts from debtors, and reducing bad debts. Using the methods of theoretical and empirical research, such as analysis and synthesis, classification, proof, systems approach, logical method, the significance of the credit policy is revealed, its elements are considered in detail, the main problems of the credit policy organization are highlighted. On the basis of the materials presented by practitioners in this field, a critical analysis was conducted of the method for calculating the rating assessment of debtors, the calculation of limits for the provision of installments, and the assessment of the client’s solvency. According to the results of the study, methodological approaches were identified that allow creating an effective credit policy in order to control receivables and reduce the risk of uncollectible receivables and doubtful debts. To calculate the credit limit, you should create a system to evaluate the creditworthiness of their counterparties. To this end, it is necessary to assess the reliability of customers, applying one of the techniques discussed in the article. When calculating the limit of a specific counterparty, a number of techniques can be applied. One of them is to implement a series of successive procedures for assessing a credit rating, forecasting the distributor’s need for financing and determining the credit limit. Alternatively, you can apply the formula for calculating the limit on the basis of turnover and the planned volume of sales for the period. The article examined ways to increase cash turnover, allowing to attract customers and improve the efficiency of return of receivables. These methods include the provision of discounts to the buyer, obtaining a short-term loan or factoring.
ACCOUNTING OF ASSETS AND OBLIGATIONS, THE COST OF WHICH IS EXPRESSED IN FOREIGN CURRENCY
Authors: Леонтьева Жамила , Leont'eva Zhamila , Заугарова Евгения , Zaugarova Evgeniya
Published: May 2019

The article explores current issues of revaluation methodology in the accounting of assets and liabilities, the value of which is expressed in foreign currency. The research methodology is based on a combination of general methodological methods (analysis, systems approach, comparison, synthesis) and empirical research methods (observation, description and analysis). As part of the developed recommendations, the concept of cross-rate of the relevant currency, calculated on the basis of foreign exchange rates set by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, regulated by PBU 3/2006, was critically evaluated and clarified. The specifics of the procedure for recalculating property and liabilities expressed in in foreign currency quoted and unquoted by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the methodology for recalculation into rubles of property and liabilities, the value of which is expressed in foreign currency unquoted by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation . The creation in organizations of an effective accounting system that is adequate to modern requirements and conditions of their activity and to the new needs of interested users for accounting information is inextricably linked with its regulatory system. The shortcomings of the regulatory accounting system impede the formation of high-quality accounting and information support for managing the organization’s activities and their successful development in a highly competitive environment. In this regard, the improvement of the accounting methodology for property and liabilities, the value of which is expressed in a quoted foreign currency and unquoted by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, regulated by regulatory documents, taking into account the recommendations proposed in the article, becomes relevant and theoretical and practical significance.
MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING OF MACRO ENVIRONMENT, MESA ENVIRONMENT AND MICRO ENVIRONMENT IN AGRARIAN BUSINESS
Authors: Остаев Гамлет , Ostaev Gamlet , Клычова Айгуль , Klychova Augul , Соколова Ирина , Sokolova Irina
Published: May 2019

An important and difficult problem in the agricultural business is not only the production of crop and livestock products, but also their processing. Agricultural business has a great impact on the country’s economy in modern times. In the conditions of the modern market, there is an increasing demand for the study of the theory and practice of management accounting and its features in relation to a specific target audience. Among the variety of agricultural organizations that has emerged, the most important is to determine priorities in improving our own business in order to increase its efficiency and uniqueness. For reliable information and analytical support for agricultural business and management decisions, it is necessary to keep management records in organizations (production accounting, budgeting, management, planning, analysis, evaluation, abstraction, etc.). At the present stage of economic relations between business entities, it can be said that the success of any agricultural business depends largely on management accounting, which should point to the advantages, novelty and main features of the business that distinguish it from its competitors in the field of agriculture. The success of management accounting, as an instrument of the entire business mechanism of an economic entity, is currently determined by three main factors: purposefulness; systematic character; and clearly defined quality of information provision for management decision-making. Any management decision made in the agricultural business should be based on timely analyzed information on the macro environment, the environment and the microenvironment. Thus, management accounting gives impetus to the development of agricultural business on the basis of the studied factors.
INFORMATION AND INFRASTRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF RURAL MUNICIPAL FORMATIONS
Authors: Шагиева Альбина , Shagieva Al'bina , Макаров Андрей , Makarov Andrey , Карпова Наталья , Karpova Natal'ya
Published: May 2019

The anti-crisis management of rural municipalities is an organized special management, based on a set of specific management decisions taken by the governing bodies of institutions and organizations, state and local authorities in the context of resource constraints and increased risk. Monitoring the results of the crisis management of rural municipalities is aimed at tracking its condition and financial performance. The purpose of the crisis management of rural municipalities is to restore their livelihoods and the withdrawal from the crisis of enterprises, institutions, organizations that provide services to the rural population. The nature of changes in the crisis management process was assessed taking into account: the full coverage of the areas of project and event management, the pace of change, the degree of achievement of goals, and the growth of economic indicators. The study developed the basic provisions for improving the information system of crisis management of rural municipalities. The information support system includes: a list of indicators for assessing the course of crisis management, requirements for a data bank. The structure of the information system and the network model of the possibility of creating an agricultural cluster based on rural municipalities are proposed. The proposed information system serves and interconnects, in the mode of interaction, local authorities, scientific and educational unit, functional departmental systems: tax, statistical, environmental protection, rural infrastructure and others. It makes it possible to create a cluster of rural municipalities in a less costly and more coordinated way. The main idea of evaluating and adjusting crisis management is to comprehensively examine the interrelationships of the parameters of the tariff, tax, investment and subsidy policies, taking into account the transformations in the management system of rural municipalities.
Features of the Formation of Direct Investment Articles and Its Impact on the Balance of Payments and the International Investment Position of the Country
Authors: Буневич К. , Bunevich K. , Гаврилова Э. , Gavrilova E. , Иванова О. , Ivanova O.
Published: May 2019

The balance of payments and the international investment position (hereinafter referred to as the IIP) reflect the specifics and peculiarities of the country's economy. However, the data of statistical reports on the economic activities of the country represent only the final formed results for a certain period or date. They do not reflect the nature of the formation of their individual articles. For a deeper understanding of the country's economic processes, it is necessary to analyze the qualitative nature of the formation of the final articles included in the statistical reports under consideration; economic relations due to the flow of direct investment and the role of this flow in reflecting the economic processes of the country.
The Strategy of Optimal Production Planning in the Predominance of Indirect Taxes
Authors: Басовская Елена , Basovskaya Elena , Басовский Леонид , Basovskiy Leonid , Акатьева Марина , Akateva Marina
Published: May 2019

In the conditions of a high level of indirect taxes, a production planning strategy should be formed taking into account the effect of taxes on the costs and sales markets of the enterprise. In order to realize the tasks of optimal planning, proposals should be made for goods, services and markets that ensure efficient utilization of the production capacity of an enterprise. For optimal production planning, it is necessary to assess demand, for which a set of assessment tools is proposed. It is proposed to estimate the demand taking into account market equilibrium under the influence of taxes. When assessing costs, it is also proposed to take into account the effect of indirect taxes. To optimize plans, it is proposed to set and solve problems of mathematical programming.
Barreiras associadas à prática de atividade física no tempo livre de idosos com insuficiência cardíaca
Authors: Oliveira Bruno Giglio de , Hohl Marilin , Hino Adriano Akira
Published: May 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação entre as barreiras para a prática de atividade física com o nível de atividade física no tempo livre de idosos com insuficiência cardíaca.Trata-se de um estudo transversal, no qual foram analisados dados de 156 idosos (40,4% mulheres) de 60 a 92 anos de idade de um ambulatório acadêmico de insuficiência cardíaca. Foram analisados os dados referentes a informações sociodemográficas, comorbidades, comportamento de risco, barreiras para atividade física e prática de atividade física no tempo livre. Para verificar a associação entre as variáveis foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado para tendência. Dentre as barreiras relatadas pelos idosos, as principais foram associadas com a condição clínica, como: falta de ar (27,4%), fraqueza nas pernas (21,7%) e dor nas pernas (19,1%). O nível de atividade física no tempo livre dos idosos apresentou diferença significativa conforme o número de barreiras percebidas (p = 0,018), onde idosos que relataram mais barreiras eram mais inativos fisicamente. Considerando esses achados, estratégias devem ser desenvolvidas para que haja uma educação em saúde a fim de salientar os benefícios da atividade física a longo prazo no controle das principais barreiras, para que os idosos tenham maior chance de iniciar e manter uma prática regular de atividade física.
An Exact Algorithm for the Quadratic Multiknapsack Problem with an Application to Event Seating
Authors: Bergman David
Published: May 2019

Knapsack problems play a pivotal role in the operations research literature, with various generalizations proposed and studied over the last century. Of recent interest is the quadratic multiknapsack problem (QMKP). Despite a plethora of heuristics, no exact methods for the QMKP have been published in the literature. This paper presents an exact branch-and-price algorithm for the QMKP. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is far superior, both in terms of solution times and objective function bounds, to state-of-the-art optimization technology solving a standard encoding of the problem. In addition to the algorithmic contribution, this paper studies the optimization problem of seating attendees at events, an operational challenge faced by event organizers. An optimization model for table event seating is shown to be closely related to the QMKP, and computational testing indicates that the proposed algorithm is particularly well suited for this application.
Computing the Moments of Polling Models with Batch Poisson Arrivals by Transform Inversion
Authors: Chen Wu-Lin
Published: May 2019

A polling model is defined as a queueing station with a single server serving multiple queues following a certain rule to determine when to stop serving one queue and which queue to serve next. The key to much of the analysis of these systems is to obtain the first two moments of queue lengths at polling instants, which are defined as the instants when the server starts to serve each queue. This study develops a novel approach, in which the generating functions of queue lengths at polling instants are computed iteratively. Transform inversion is then applied to invert these generating functions to obtain their first two moments efficiently. Because the expected waiting time of each queue depends on some basic distributions, such as the service time distributions, the switchover distributions, and the arrival batch distributions only through their first two moments, this study proposes a new transform inversion technique that is called “the pseudotransform inversion algorithm” by introducing “pseudotransforms” of these distributions, which are simply approximations to the transforms with Taylor’s expansions that agree up to a certain order. Then, the expected waiting times can be computed using transform inversion, because they are simply functions of two moments. This study also discusses the special case involving zero switchover times. The strongest benefit of the pseudotransform inversion algorithm over current approaches is that it significantly decreases the computation effort when the number of queues is large. Several numerical examples are devised to validate our approach and show its efficiency in analyzing polling models. The results show that the pseudotransform inversion algorithm is indeed quite efficient for analyzing polling stations. Although polling models are the best example that we have found to date, in any situation where the quantity to be computed depends only on the first several moments of the input distributions, the pseudotransform inversion algorithm holds promise as a computational algorithm.
The Encapsulation Efficiency and Physicochemical Characteristics of Anthocyanin from Black Carrot (Daucus Carota Ssp. Sativus) as Affected by Encapsulating Materials
Authors: Kar Abhijit , Kumar Mahato Dipendra , Singh Patel Avinash , M. Bal Lalit
Published: May 2019

The anthocyanin pigment of black carrot juice was used as a core material for microencapsulation by spray dryer at 150°C using the mixed carrier material viz. whey protein isolate (WPI), jackfruit seed starch (JSS) and NBRE-15. The ratio of WPI: JSS ranged from 1:1 to 1:3 and NBRE-15 from 0.1-0.3% were taken to optimize the carrier material for encapsulation taking anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity and encapsulation efficiency as responses using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The anthocyanin (core material) was encapsulated at the optimized condition of the carrier material having five times the jackfruit seed starch as the whey protein isolate (5:1) and 0.3% NBRE-15 as an emulsifier. The optimized powder was found to have 2766.61 mg/100g (dry matter) of anthocyanin content, 290.56 µmolTrolox/g (dry matter) antioxidant activity with an encapsulation efficiency of 77.12% at 93.59% of desirability. Optimized powder retained the color value of 30.61, 29.39 and 0.03 for L*, a* and b*. Mean particle size distribution for the optimized encapsulated anthocyanin powder was 52.36 µm. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images revealed the smooth surface characteristic of the optimized powder with slightly oval to globular in shape.
Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae and Bacillus thuringiensis against tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Mantzoukas Spyridon , Denaxa Nikoleta-Kleio , Lagogiannis Ioannis
Published: May 2019

Susceptibility of Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) populations to Metarhizium anisopliae and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were evaluated under laboratory conditions. T. absoluta larvae were treated either individually or in combination with a single dose rate of B. thuringiensis (0.5 μL/L) and three conidial suspensions viz. 1x104, 1x106 and 1x108 spores/mL of M. anisopliae. Larval mortality, pupation, adult emergence, mycosis and sporulation varied depending on the application of different quantities of M. anisopliae alone and in combination with B. thuringiensis. Maximum mortality (100%) was achieved in 2nd instar larvae when M. anisopliae (1x108 spores/mL) and B. thuringiensis (0.5µL/L) were applied synergistically,while 4th instar larvae recorded a 95.45% mortality. Compared with the untreated checks, mortality, pupation and adult emergence of both 2nd and 4th instar larvae were significantly reduced with the combined application of M. anisopliae (1x108 spores/mL) and B. thuringiensis (0.5µL/L). Μycosis was most prevalent on 2nd and 4th instar larvae, exceeding 88 and 80% respectively,after exposure to 1×104 conidia/mL. The results indicate that the entomopathogenic fungi and the insecticidal protein produced by B. thuringiensis can be used in combination as biocontrol agents for the management of T. absoluta.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (Glomus fasciculatum) fungi as a plant immunity booster against fungal pathogen
Authors: Math Siddharam , Arya Sagar , Sonawane Hiralal , Patil Vilas , Chaskar Manohar
Published: May 2019

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) mediated immune response in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus fasciculatum (GF) was studied in the presence of plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). Our aim was to assess how symbiosis of AMF potentiates ROS immune response system to deal pathogen mediated biotic stress. Tomato plant was inoculated with GF, FOL and GF + FOL in separate experimental sets to examine its effect on plants ROS machinery and the time taken to alleviate biotic stress. The antioxidant response was evaluated and correlated with the time provided by GF treated plants against FOL to initiate their second line of defenses as compared to only FOL treated ones. The establishment of symbiosis and development showed a positive effect on plant ROS response system and subsequently its growth. No significant difference was seen in the root mass of only GF, FOL and GF + FOL. The increase in activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase was similar in all the control and treated plants however; reduction in activities of these ROS scavengers was much faster in GF supplemented plants. Similar trend was also observed for ROS radicals possibly due to the involvement of antioxidant enzymes. LC-MS analysis of FOL was performed to co-relate the effect of some dominant compounds with its pathogenicity. Therefore, our results showcase AMF-GF’s ability to alleviate the oxidative damage generated by biotic stress and highlights on the buffer time taken by plants defense machinery to immunize itself at various levels.
Impact of Microbial Products on the Biometric Parameters and Productivity of Rice in Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Avinash Kenekar Anuja , Amit Fale Charu , Vasant Ranadive Prafull , Raghuram Kamath Ganesh
Published: May 2019

Despite the increase in chemical and technological inputs, rice production in India has stagnated due to excessive use of chemical inputs and overexploitation of land. This has given rise to the need for adopting sustainable agricultural inputs and practices. This study explores the effect of two organic microbial consortium based products, Magicgro DripSOL and Magicgro Super when used in combination for improving the productivity of commercially grown varieties of Basmati; PB1 and PS4 as well as local scented variety MTU-1010. The trials were conducted on commercial plots spanning across Mandala and Kotma regions of Madhya Pradesh, which were cultivated organically with no external irrigation. The impact of microbial intervention was assessed through biometric and quantitative yield analysis and the data was compared by unpaired T test analysis. In case of PB1, PS4 and MTU 1010, the mean yield increased by 72, 55 and 36%, respectively as compared to the untreated plots. The results signify that a single point intervention using microbial products is capable of bringing about significant improvement in yield. In addition to this, the microbial product application helped in imparting protection against abiotic stress. Therefore, the usage of such products could be considered as part of the solution towards achieving the Nation's mission of promoting sustainable agriculture.
A AMPLITUDE DE IMPUGNAÇÃO NA AÇÃO RESCISÓRIA: DECISÃO PARCIAL, COISA JULGADA PREJUDICIAL, CAPÍTULOS DA DECISÃO E COISA JULGADA PROGRESSIVA
Authors: Lemos Vinicius Silva
Published: May 2019

Este artigo visa analisar o instituto da ação rescisória e os impactos que o CPC/2015 proporcionou na ampliação da cognição e a possibilidade de impugnações parciais. Analisamos, primeiramente, toda a conceituação natureza jurídica, objeto, pressupostos, legitimados, competência e a relação com a coisa julgada parcial, mediante os institutos decisórios previstos no novel ordenamento processual.
Argumentação, fatos e verdade no processo penal em estados constitucionais
Authors: Santos Paulo Alves , Roesler Cláudia Rosane
Published: May 2019

A constitucionalização dos ordenamentos jurídicos, fenômeno que pretendeu tornar possível o controle público sobre o exercício do poder político, impôs uma transformação na forma como são justificados os atos decisórios estatais, especialmente os de caráter judicial. Esta justificação constitucionalizada das decisões é exigível também nos aspectos fático-probatórios do raciocínio judicial, o que exige que sejam repensadas as relações entre argumentação, exame dos fatos e busca da verdade no processo, sobretudo no processo penal, no qual questões fáticas assumem maior densidade. Com o auxílio da teoria standard da argumentação jurídica, o artigo propõe caminhos para a interlocução entre estes elementos contingentes.
DA NULIDADE DA DECLARAÇÃO DE DESERÇÃO DA INSTÂNCIA SEM PRECEDÊNCIA DE ADVERTÊNCIA À PARTE
Authors: Freitas José Lebre de
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo analisa os requisitos necessários para que seja decretada a deserção de instância no Direito Processual Civil Português, especialmente a exigência de prévia intimação da parte.
Introducing the British Lymphology Society position paper on ankle brachial pressure index
Authors: Elwell Rebecca , Sneddon Margaret
Published: May 2019

Prompt application of appropriate compression therapy is essential for effective treatment of lymphoedema. However, it is accepted that prior to the application of compression to the lower limbs, either with bandaging or compression garments, patients should demonstrate a satisfactory vascular status, as assessed via axillary brachial pressure index (ABPI). Unfortunately, the presence of peripheral oedema may render a reading impossible or grossly inaccurate. Relying solely on ABPI assessment is potentially harmful to patients, who may be denied appropriate treatment or experience complications and deterioration of their condition due to delayed treatment. The British Lymphology Society recognises a need to focus more on clinical assessment skills to determine vascular status, rather than relying on ABPI alone. Thus, the Society has developed guidance and a practical tool to support clinical decision-making and enhance practitioner confidence in the safe application of compression therapy in the absence of ABPI.
Support for people with long-term neurological conditions in rural English communities
Authors: Toze Michael , Sisson Kelly , George Thomas , Ray Mo
Published: May 2019

Almost one-fifth of the population in England lives in rural areas. Compared to urban populations, the rural population is older and faces greater difficulties in accessing medical services. At the same time, healthcare teams in rural areas face particular challenges in recruiting and retaining staff, travelling between patients and keeping specialised knowledge up-to-date. Drawing upon a recent health needs assessment for people living with long-term neurological conditions in a rural English county, as well as a broader review of the literature, this paper considers the challenges of rurality and discusses potential solutions. Technological and community-based responses have often been suggested as responses to challenges of rurality. However, there is likely to be a need for up-front investment of resources and careful consideration of individual and community needs before these solutions can be applied to rural neurological care.
Geriatric oncology: assessing the needs of older people with cancer
Authors: O'Hanlon Shane , O'Donovan Anita , Cree Anthea
Published: May 2019

A majority of cancer cases now occur among older people, but this group is less likely to receive treatment and outcomes are poorer than in younger people. Age by itself can be a poor predictor of who will benefit from treatment with surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Comprehensive geriatric assessment is a multidisciplinary, multidomain process that helps to identify frailty, which is associated with increased mortality. Comprehensive geriatric assessment highlights areas that should be optimized before treatment and helps support a shared decision-making approach. Geriatricians, oncologists and surgeons now work together to help assess and support older people with cancer.
Bronchiolitis: an update on management and prophylaxis
Authors: Karampatsas Konstantinos , Kong Jonathan , Cohen Jonathan
Published: May 2019

Bronchiolitis is an acute respiratory illness that is the leading cause of hospitalization in young children less than 2 years of age in the UK. Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common virus associated with bronchiolitis and has the highest disease severity, mortality and cost. Bronchiolitis is generally a self-limiting condition, but can have serious consequences in infants who are very young, premature, or have underlying comorbidities. Management of bronchiolitis in the UK is guided by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2015) guidance. The mainstays of management are largely supportive, consisting of fluid management and respiratory support. Pharmacological interventions including nebulized bronchodilators, steroids and antibiotics generally have limited or no evidence of efficacy and are not advised by National Institute of Health and Care Excellence. Antiviral therapeutics remain in development.

As treatments are limited, there have been extensive efforts to develop vaccines, mainly targeting respiratory syncytial virus. At present, the only licensed product is a monoclonal antibody for passive immunisation. Its cost restricts its use to those at highest risk. Vaccines for active immunisation of pregnant women and young infants are also being developed.