bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern monetary theory for the post-pandemic NHS: why budget deficits do not matter
Authors: Pandit Jaideep J
Published: January 2022

NHS clinical directors are responsible for balancing departmental budgets, which can encompass staffing, equipment and operating theatres. As trust income is generally fixed, expenditure reduction is often attempted via recurrent cost improvement plans. In orthodox monetary theory, a departmental deficit contributes first to the hospital, then to the NHS, then to the national deficit. In the orthodox view, governments in deficit need to increase taxes and/or borrow money by issuing bonds (akin to mortgage loans), the interest on which is paid off for generations. Modern monetary theory offers a different perspective: government deficits do not matter as much as orthodox theory claims, if at all. This is because governments have the monopoly right to create the money in which the deficit is denominated (so do not ever need to borrow something that they can create). Therefore governments cannot default on debt in their own currency. Furthermore, government deficits equate to private surplus. This new perspective should influence microeconomic budget management at the clinical director level: the new emphasis being to deliver value and not just implement local savings to eliminate departmental deficits. This approach will become increasingly important in managing the huge surgical waiting lists that have accumulated during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Stateless Tai Lue in Chiang Kham
Authors:   Department of Social Science and Development, Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Leepreecha Prasit , Jantakad Songkran ,   Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Published: January 2022

The Tai Lue in Chiang Kham have been of interest to scholars since the publications of Michael Moerman, an American anthropologist from the University of California in Los Angeles, in the 1960s. The most notable pieces concern ethnic identity since Moerman focused on both the internal and external relations of the Tai Lue. Later scholars and graduate students focused on tourism among the Tai Lue, due to the revival of their history and the construction of their ethnic identity. However, the issue of statelessness among them has still not been examined, even though countless numbers of Tai Lue still live without Thai citizenship. Therefore, this article deals with the issue of stateless Tai Lue in Chiang Kham, based on our fieldwork in 2013-2015. We find that the consequences of the creation of modern nation-states and Thailand’s strict national security policies have led to a lack of citizenship among countless numbers of Tai Lue in Chiang Kham, despite their exceptional service to Thailand’s national security during the Cold War. Keywords: Tai Lue, Stateless, Displaced Thai, Citizenship
The Production and Maintenance of Protracted Statelessness: An Analysis of the Language and Practice of the Nationality Law in Thailand and Brunei Darussalam
Authors:   Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Kasim Md Zaidul Anwar Hj Md
Published: January 2022

In theory, nationality law that stipulates criteria and requirements for the granting of citizenship should address racial or ethnic division and the distinction between immigrant and indigene status. Instead, modern citizenship contradicts this, and conversely becomes an apparatus for state procedures of exclusion. In this article, I have focused on and assessed the language of seclusion and the practice of division found in the nationality law of Thailand and Brunei. I argue that the phenomenon of protracted statelessness is not happening incidentally, but rather deliberately produced through the language and practice of nationality law. The study concludes by highlighting two main factors that contribute to the increasing number of protracted stateless persons: first, the explicit and implicit language of exclusion in the law that becomes institutionalized practice; second, the opaqueness of the language used can facilitate practices that are not aligned with the law. This study sheds light on the nature of language and practice found in nationality law – a factor that has attracted little attention from relevant scholars, yet it is inherent in the production and maintenance of protracted statelessness in Thailand and Brunei Darussalam. Keywords: Brunei Darussalam, Language and practice, Nationality law, protracted statelessness, Thailand
Problematizing Local Knowledge Preservation of the Complex Social Assemblage in Globalizing Tai Lue communities in Chiang Kham
Authors:   Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Sunanlikanon Navaporn
Published: January 2022

This article proposes to look at local knowledge preservation as a continual and contested process rather than as a static social activity. The preservation of local knowledge should be studied by situating it within a complex set of relationships among various social actors and organizations, and also within specific spatio-temporal conditions: in this case, the Tai Lue people of Chiang Kham, Phayao, Thailand. The local knowledge of the Tai Lue in Chiang Kham has been revived in accordance with the distinct desires of the local people, local politicians, academic institutions, and local and national governmental sectors. These various agents and organizations make up a social assemblage, in which local knowledge revival and preservation projects take place within a space where distinct cultural, political, and economic meanings are contested. This paper seeks to examine this social activity using the analytical perspective of glocalization. Taking a glocalization approach, local knowledge preservation is problematized as a culturally and socially instrumentalized activity that is pursued by some actors for political and economic identity negotiation. This will be complemented with a strategic essentialism analysis, which can help better illustrate how Tai Lue people utilize their local knowledge to benefit their positions within an increasingly globalized Chiang Kham. Keywords: Glocalization, Local knowledge, Social assemblage, Strategic essentialism, Tai Lue
Misunderstandings of the transmission of the Black Death to Western Europe : a critical review of De Mussis’s account
Authors: NAM Jongkuk
Published: January 2022

This article aims to critically review de Mussis’s report of the events at Caffa. De Mussi says in his account that Tartars catapulted their dead compatriots infected by the plague into the besieged city of Caffa in order to contaminate the Genoese defending the city and that some Genoese galleys fleeing from the city transported the disease to Western Europe. Some historians interpret his report of Tartars catapulting plague-infected bodies as an act of biological warfare, and others do not trust his account as a reliable historical record, while some works rely on his account, even though they do not interpret it as evidence of biological warfare. This article tries to determine whether his account is true or not, and explain historical contexts in which it was made. De Mussi was not an eye-witness of the war between the Tartars and the Genoese in the years of 1343 to 1437 in Caffa, contrary to some historians’ arguments that he was present there during the war. In addition, he understands and explains the disease from a religious perspective as does most of his contemporary Christians, believing that the disease was God's punishment for the sins of human beings. His account of the Tartars catapulting their compatriot’s bodies may derive from his fear and hostility against the Tartars, thinking that they were devils from hell and pagans to be annihilated. For de Mussi, the Genoese may have been greedy merchants who were providing Muslims with slaves and enforcing their military forces. Therefore, he thought that the Tartars and the Genoese were sinners that spread the disease, and that God punished their arrogance. His pathological knowledge of the disease was not accurate and very limited. His medical explanation was based on humoral theory and Miasma theory that Christians and Muslims in the Mediterranean World shared. De Mussi's account that Caffa was a principal starting point for the disease to spread to Western Europe is not sufficiently supported by other contemporary documents. Byzantine chronicles and Villani's chronicle consider not Caffa but Tana as a starting point. In conclusion, most of his account of the disease are not true. However, we can not say that he did not intentionally lie, and we may draw a conclusion that his explanation was made under scientific limits and religious prejudice or intolerance of the medieval Christian world.
The Cholera Epidemic of 1907 and the Formation of Colonial Epidemic Control Systems in Korea
Authors: LEE Kyu Won
Published: January 2022

It was in 1907 when Korea was annexed by Japan in the field of health care systems as the Gwangje Hospital, Uihakgyo the National Medical School and the Korean Red Cross Hospital were merged into the colonial Daehan Hospital, and massive cholera epidemic controls by the Japanese Army were enforced. However, despite their importance, the cholera epidemic of 1907 in Korea and preventive measures taken at that time have not yet been studied extensively as a single research subject. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a more concrete and broader understanding of the Korea-Japan annexation of health care systems under the rule of the Japanese Resident-General of Korea by revealing new facts and correcting existing errors. In 1907, cholera was transmitted to Korea from China and Japan and spread across the Korean Peninsula, resulting in a major public health crisis, perhaps one of the most serious cholera outbreaks in the twentieth century Korea. Although Busan and Pyeongyang were the cities most infected with cholera, the targets for the most intensive interventions were Gyeongseong (Seoul) and Incheon, where the Japanese Crown Prince were supposed to make a visit. The Japanese police commissioner took several anti-cholera preventive measures in Gyeongseong, including searching out patients, disinfecting and blocking infected areas, and isolating the confirmed or suspected. Nevertheless, cholera was about to be rampant especially among Japanese residents. In this situation, Itō Hirobumi, the first Resident-General of Korea, organized the temporary cholera control headquarters to push ahead the visit of the Japanese Crown Prince for his political purposes to colonize Korea. To dispel Emperor Meiji’s concerns, Itō had to appoint Satō Susumu, the famous Japanese Army Surgeon General, as an advisor, since he had much credit at Court. In addition, as the Japanese-led Korean police lacked epidemic control ability and experience, the headquarters became an improvised organization commanded by the Japanese Army in Korea and wielded great influence on the formation of the colonial disease control systems. Its activities were forced, violent, and negligent, and many Korean people were quite uncooperative in some anti-cholera measures. As a result, the Japanese Army in Korea took the initiative away from the Korean police in epidemic controls, serving the heavy-handed military policy of early colonial period. In short, the cholera epidemic and its control in 1907 were important events that shaped the direction of Japan’s colonial rule.
Gouty Tophus in the Foot without Hyperuricemia Diagnosed by Dual-energy Computed Tomography: A Case Report
Authors: Kimura Tadashi , Kubota Makoto , Hattori Hidekazu , Saito Mitsuru
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Gouty tophi are relatively simple to diagnose because they almost always occur in patients with persistent hyperuricemia. Treatment typically consists mainly of oral medication, and surgical intervention is necessary for only a small number of patients.

Case Presentation: We present a case of 66-year-old Japanese man presented with a painful gouty tophus diagnosed by dual-energy computed tomography in the right foot without hyperuricemia that had gradually increased in size over the past 20 years. The tophus was removed and the patient’s plantar pain disappeared after surgery and there was no recurrence.

Conclusion: We obtained a favorable outcome through surgical intervention for a gouty tophus of the foot diagnosed by dual-energy computed tomography in a patient without hyperuricemia. Our experience suggests that proactive surgical removal of gouty tophi should be considered for symptomatic cases and to prevent further joint destruction.

Keywords:Dual-energy computed tomography, foot, gouty tophus.
Calcaneal Osteomyelitis Treated with Antibiotic Mixed Calcium Sulphate Pellets. A Case Report
Authors: Agrawal Alok Chandra , Ojha Mukund Madhav , Garg Deepak Kumar , Pandiyarajan E Pandiyarajan
Published: January 2022

Background: Calcaneal osteomyelitis is a complicated entity and much more challenging to treat. We present a case of calcaneal osteomyelitis treated with debridement, curettage and filling bone defect with antibiotic mixed calcium sulphate pellets.

Case Report: A female patient presented with pain, swelling and purulent discharge from the left heel. Culture studies and magnetic resonance imaging findings were suggestive of osteomyelitis of the calcaneum. The patient was planned for definitive treatment, and remission was achieved with systemic antibiotics, debridement, curettage, and filling dead space with antibiotic mixed calcium sulphate pellets.

Conclusion: Calcaneal osteomyelitis is very resistant to treatment and results in poor functional outcome. Management of calcaneal osteomyelitis with single-stage strategy using antibiotic mixed calcium sulphate effectively eradicates the disease to attain overall good functional outcome for the patient.

Keywords: Calcaneum, osteomyelitis, debridement, calcium sulphate.
Dual Mobile Total Hip Replacement in Super Obesity: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Macwan Anson Albert , Nanda Saurav Narayan , Mishra Debasish , Manthena Sai Akhil Varma , Gulia Ankit
Published: January 2022

Introduction:More than 13 million people in the US are morbidly obese. It is associated with various medical and anesthetic complications. Higher rate of dislocation in total hip replacement (THR) associated with morbid obesity due to thigh girth, low muscle mass and high-fat content. Morbid obesity is associated with a 38% increase in the 10-year mortality rate compare to non-obese after undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Hip dislocation after THR is one of the earliest complications, and for every ten-point increase in BMI, the risk of dislocation increases by 113.9%.

Case Report: We present a case report of a 69-year-old super-obese woman with a BMI of 62.2, who presented with repeated dislocation post THR. The patient was managed successfully with implant removal and implantation of dual mobile THR prosthesis.

Conclusion: Morbid obesity with a need for arthroplasty is challenging. It needs proper planning, thorough preoperative preparation, proper intraoperative care and identification with adequate post-operative complications management. Preoperative bariatric surgery, dual mobile liner and constrained implants have shown good result in decreasing dislocation rate. The liner of dual mobile THR is efficient to prevent post-operative dislocation in morbidly obese and super-obese patients.

Keywords: Dual mobile total hip replacement, super obesity, morbid obesity, bariatric surgery, hip arthroplasty, neck of femur fracture, revision hip arthroplasty.
Calibration method for parabolic reflector measurement by using reverse Hartmann test
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Hou Yinlong , Liu Xin , Hao Qun
Published: January 2022

Careful calibration of system geometric position and camera errors is crucial to achieve high testing accuracy for large-scale aspherical surfaces. We propose a geometrical optical calibration method for increasing the overall accuracy of a large-scale reverse Hartmann test system to realize the parabolic reflector measurement. By using a flat crystal, a mask with uniform holes and an external pinhole aperture in front of the camera, camera lens distortions and keystone distortion, as well as system geometry correspondence between LCD screen, camera, and reflecting point on the test surface, are determined accurately. We experimentally demonstrated that the proposed calibration method achieves high slope detection accuracy for a large-scale parabolic reflector: tens of microradians within

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Fast online evaluation of vegetable freshness using single turnover chlorophyll fluorescence
Authors: Shi Chaoyi , Yin Gaofang , Gao Xianhe , Yu Shaohui , Lu Cuiping , Wang Zhongma , Gu Yanhong , Zhang Sheng
Published: January 2022

Vegetable freshness evaluation is of great significance to ensure the quality of vegetables and realize fine production. Existing vegetable freshness evaluation methods have difficulty realizing rapid online evaluation and industrial applications due to such disadvantages as being susceptible to subjective factors, complicated operation, large computation, and high hardware cost. To solve the above problems, a rapid online vegetable freshness evaluation method was developed based on the single turnover chlorophyll fluorescence parameters

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Generation of periodic and quasi-periodic two-dimensional non-diffractive beams with inhomogeneous polarization
Authors: Alonso Maria Concepcion , Ruiz Ulises , de-la-Llave David Sanchz , Arrizon Victor
Published: January 2022

In this work, two-dimensional periodic and quasi-periodic non-diffractive spatial inhomogeneous polarization optical fields are generated, numerically and experimentally, by the superposition of multiple plane waves with different polarizations. For the experimental implementation of the fields, synthetic phase holograms are employed in conjunction with half-wave and quarter-wave retarder films as polarization modulators. The obtained spatially inhomogeneous polarization optical fields show good quality and are in good agreement with numerical results. The proposed method is highly efficient for the generation of these types of optical fields.
Passively mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser based on a ferromagnetic insulator Cr2Si2Te6 as a saturable absorber
Authors: Yang Fuhao , Sun Shuo , Chen Si , Wang Yanjuan , Sui Zhiqi , Zhu Mingxiao , Hong Zhifeng , Xu Jianghao , Tang Shouqian , Lu Cheng , Wang Guomei , Fu Shenggui , Chen Xiaohan , Zhang Huanian , Zhang Wenfei
Published: January 2022

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Commercially derived versatile optical architecture for two-photon STED, wavelength mixing and label-free microscopy
Authors: Peres Chiara , Nardin Chiara , Yang Guang , Mammano Fabio
Published: January 2022

Multimodal microscopy combines multiple non-linear techniques that take advantage of different optical processes to generate contrast and increase the amount of information that can be obtained from biological samples. However, the most advanced optical architectures are typically custom-made and often require on-site adjustment of optical components performed by trained personnel for optimal performance. Here, we describe a hybrid system we built based on a commercial upright microscope. We show that our multimodal imaging platform can be used to seamlessly perform two-photon STED, wavelength mixing and label-free microscopy in both ex vivo and in vivo turbid samples. The system is stable and endowed with remote alignment hardware that ensures long-term operability also for non-expert users, using the alignment protocol described in this article and in the related material. This optical architecture is an important step forward towards a wider practical applicability of non-linear optics to bioimaging.
Illumination angle correction during image acquisition in light-sheet fluorescence microscopy using deep learning
Authors: Li Chen , Rai Mani Ratnam , Ghashghaei H. Troy , Greenbaum Alon
Published: January 2022

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is a high-speed imaging technique that provides optical sectioning with reduced photodamage. LSFM is routinely used in life sciences for live cell imaging and for capturing large volumes of cleared tissues. LSFM has a unique configuration, in which the illumination and detection paths are separated and perpendicular to each other. As such, the image quality, especially at high resolution, largely depends on the degree of overlap between the detection focal plane and the illuminating beam. However, spatial heterogeneity within the sample, curved specimen boundaries, and mismatch of refractive index between tissues and immersion media can refract the well-aligned illumination beam. This refraction can cause extensive blur and non-uniform image quality over the imaged field-of-view. To address these issues, we tested a deep learning-based approach to estimate the angular error of the illumination beam relative to the detection focal plane. The illumination beam was then corrected using a pair of galvo scanners, and the correction significantly improved the image quality across the entire field-of-view. The angular estimation was based on calculating the defocus level on a pixel level within the image using two defocused images. Overall, our study provides a framework that can correct the angle of the light-sheet and improve the overall image quality in high-resolution LSFM 3D image acquisition.
Tuberculosis care quality in urban Nigeria: A cross-sectional study of adherence to screening and treatment initiation guidelines in multi-cadre networks of private health service providers
Authors: Rosapep Lauren A. , Faye Sophie , Johns Benjamin , Olusola-Faleye Bolanle , Baruwa Elaine M. , Sorum Micah K. , Nwagagbo Flora , Adamu Abdu A. , Kwan Ada , Obanubi Christopher , Atobatele Akinyemi Olumuyiwa
Published: January 2022

Nigeria has a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and low case detection rates. Nigeria’s large private health sector footprint represents an untapped resource for combating the disease. To examine the quality of private sector contributions to TB, the USAID-funded Sustaining Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS) Plus program evaluated adherence to national standards for management of presumptive and confirmed TB among the clinical facilities, laboratories, pharmacies, and drug shops it trained to deliver TB services. The study used a standardized patient (SP) survey methodology to measure case management protocol adherence among 837 private and 206 public providers in urban Lagos and Kano. It examined two different scenarios: a “textbook” case of presumptive TB and a treatment initiation case where SPs presented as referred patients with confirmed TB diagnoses. Private sector results were benchmarked against public sector results. A bottleneck analysis examined protocol adherence departures at key points along the case management sequence that providers were trained to follow. Except for laboratories, few providers met the criteria for fully correct management of presumptive TB, though more than 70% of providers correctly engaged in TB screening. In the treatment initiation case 18% of clinical providers demonstrated fully correct case management. Private and public providers’ adherence was not significantly different. Bottleneck analysis revealed that the most common deviations from correct management were failure to initiate sputum collection for presumptive patients and failure to conduct sufficiently thorough treatment initiation counseling for confirmed patients. This study found the quality of private providers’ TB case management to be comparable to public providers in Nigeria, as well as to providers in other high burden countries. Findings support continued efforts to include private providers in Nigeria’s national TB program. Though most providers fell short of desired quality, the bottleneck analysis points to specific issues that TB stakeholders can feasibly address with system- and provider-level interventions.
Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of the Maghreb region: A systematic review of distribution, morphology, and role in the transmission of the pathogens
Authors: Benallal Kamal Eddine , Garni Rafik , Harrat Zoubir , Volf Petr , Dvorak Vít
Published: January 2022

Background

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are important vectors of various human and animal pathogens such asBartonella bacilliformis,Phlebovirus, and parasitic protozoa of the genusLeishmania, causative agent of leishmaniases that account among most significant vector-borne diseases. The Maghreb countries Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya occupy a vast area of North Africa and belong to most affected regions by these diseases. Locally varying climatic and ecological conditions support diverse sand fly fauna that includes many proven or suspected vectors. The aim of this review is to summarize often fragmented information and to provide an updated list of sand fly species of the Maghreb region with illustration of species-specific morphological features and maps of their reported distribution.

Materials and methods

The literature search focused on scholar databases to review information on the sand fly species distribution and their role in the disease transmissions in Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, surveying sources from the period between 1900 and 2020. Reported distribution of each species was collated using Google Earth, and distribution maps were drawn using ArcGIS software. Morphological illustrations were compiled from various published sources.

Results and conclusions

In total, 32 species of the generaPhlebotomus(Ph.) andSergentomyia(Se.) were reported in the Maghreb region (15 from Libya, 18 from Tunisia, 23 from Morocco, 24 from Algeria, and 9 from Mauritania).Phlebotomus mariaeandSe. africanasubsp.asiaticawere recorded only in Morocco,Ph. mascitti,Se. hirtus, andSe. tiberiadisonly in Algeria, whereasPh. duboscqi,Se. dubia,Se. africana africana,Se. lesleyae,Se. magna, andSe. freetownensiswere reported only from Mauritania. Our review has updated and summarized the geographic distribution of 26 species reported so far in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, excluding Mauritania from a detailed analysis due to the unavailability of accurate distribution data. In addition, morphological differences important for species identification are summarized with particular attention to closely related species such asPh. papatasiandPh. bergeroti,Ph. chabaudi, andPh. riouxi, andSe. christophersiandSe. clydei.
A standardised Phase III clinical trial framework to assess therapeutic interventions for Lassa fever
Authors: Olayinka Adebola Tolulope , Bourner Josephine , Akpede George O. , Okoeguale Joseph , Abejegah Chukwuyem , Ajayi Nnennaya A. , Akude Christian , Ayodeji Oluwafemi , Bausch Daniel G. , de Clerck Hilde , Dan-Nwafor Chioma , Dunning Jake , Erameh Cyril , Eze Justus Ndulue , Formenty Pierre , Gillesen Annelies , Jalloh Sulaiman , Jaspard Marie , Jegede Tolulope , Maikere Jacob , Malvy Denis , Ogbaini-Emovon Ephraim , Ojo Olalekan Ezekial , Okogbenin Sylvanus , O’Neill Kwame , Orji Maria-Lauretta , Owhin Sampson Omagbemi , Ramharter Michael , Samuels Robert J. , Shehu Nathan , Merson Laura , Salam Alex Paddy , Kayem Nzelle Delphine , Horby Peter , Ihekweazu Chikwe , Olliaro Piero
Published: January 2022

Background

Only one recommendation currently exists for the treatment of Lassa fever (LF), which is ribavirin administered in conjunction with supportive care. This recommendation is primarily based on evidence generated from a single clinical trial that was conducted more than 30 years ago–the methodology and results of which have recently come under scrutiny. The requirement for novel therapeutics and reassessment of ribavirin is therefore urgent. However, a significant amount of work now needs to be undertaken to ensure that future trials for LF can be conducted consistently and reliably to facilitate the efficient generation of evidence.

Methodology

We convened a consultation group to establish the position of clinicians and researchers on the core components of future trials. A Core Eligibility Criteria (CEC), Core Case Definition (CCD), Core Outcome Set (COS) and Core Data Variables (CDV) were developed through the process of a multi-stakeholder consultation that took place using a modified-Delphi methodology.

Results

A consensus position was achieved for each aspect of the framework, which accounts for the inclusion of pregnant women and children in future LF clinical trials. The framework consists of 8 core criteria, as well as additional considerations for trial protocols.

Conclusions

This project represents the first step towards delineating the clinical development pathway for new Lassa fever therapeutics, following a period of 40 years without advancement. Future planned projects will bolster the work initiated here to continue the advancement of LF clinical research through a regionally-centred, collaborative methodology, with the aim of delineating a clear pathway through which LF clinical trials can progress efficiently and ensure sustainable investments are made in research capacity at a regional level.
Reproducibility of knee extensor and flexor contraction velocity in healthy men and women assessed using tensiomyography: A study protocol
Authors: Langen Georg , Lohr Christine , Ueberschär Olaf , Behringer Michael
Published: January 2022

Tensiomyography measures the radial displacement of a muscle during an electrically evoked twitch contraction. The rate of muscle displacement is increasingly reported to assess contractile properties. Several formulas currently exist to calculate the rate of displacement during the contraction phase of the maximal twitch response. However, information on the reproducibility of these formulas is scarce. Further, different rest intervals ranging from 10 s to 30 s are applied between consecutive stimuli during progressive electrical stimulation until the maximum twitch response. The effect of different rest intervals on the rate of displacement has not been investigated so far. The first aim of this study is to investigate the within and between-day reliability of the most frequently used formulas to calculate the rate of displacement. The second aim is to investigate the effect of changing the inter-stimulus interval on the rate of displacement. We will determine the rectus femoris and biceps femoris rate of displacement of twenty-four healthy subjects’ dominant leg on two consecutive days. The maximum displacement curve will be determined two times within three minutes on the first day and a third time 24 h later. On day two, we will also apply three blocks of ten consecutive stimuli at a constant intensity of 50 mA. Inter-stimuli intervals will be 10 s, 20 s or 30 s in each block, respectively, and three minutes between blocks. The order of inter-stimulus intervals will be randomized. This study will allow a direct comparison between the five most frequently used formulas to calculate the rate of displacement in terms of their reproducibility. Our data will also inform on the effect of different inter-stimulus intervals on the rate of displacement. These results will provide helpful information on methodical considerations to determine the rate of displacement and may thus contribute to a standardized approach.
Drought prediction based on an improved VMD-OS-QR-ELM model
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Li Hu , Yang Li Bo , Liu Xue Mei
Published: January 2022

To overcome the low accuracy, poor reliability, and delay in the current drought prediction models, we propose a new extreme learning machine (ELM) based on an improved variational mode decomposition (VMD). The model first redefines the output of the hidden layer of the ELM model with orthogonal triangular matrix decomposition (QR) to construct an orthogonal triangular ELM (QR-ELM), and then introduces an online sequence learning mechanism (OS) into the QR-ELM to construct an online sequence OR-ELM (OS-QR-ELM), which effectively improves the efficiency of the ELM model. The mutual information extension method was then used to extend both ends of the original signal to improve the VMD end effect. Finally, VMD and OS-QR-ELM were combined to construct a drought prediction method based on the VMD-OS-QR-ELM. The reliability and accuracy of the VMD-OS-QR-ELM model were improved by 86.19% and 93.20%, respectively, compared with those of the support vector regression model combined with empirical mode decomposition. Furthermore, the calculation efficiency of the OS-QR-ELM model was increased by 88.65% and 85.32% compared with that of the ELM and QR-ELM models, respectively.
Pharmacokinetics of a 503B outsourcing facility-produced theophylline in dogs
Authors: Reinhart Jennifer M. , de Oliveira Gabriela A. R. , Forsythe Lauren , Li Zhong
Published: January 2022

Theophylline is an important drug for treatment of canine chronic bronchitis and bradyarrhythmias, but new products require validation since pharmacokinetics in dogs can vary by formulation. A new, 503B outsourcing facility-produced theophylline product (OFT) is available for veterinary use. Outsourcing facilities have many advantages over traditional compounding sources including current good manufacturing practice compliance. The purpose of this study was to establish the pharmacokinetics of OFT in dogs. Eight healthy dogs received 11 mg/kg intravenous aminophylline and 10 mg/kg oral OFT followed by serial blood sampling in a two-way, randomized, crossover design with 7-day washout. Plasma theophylline concentrations were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Bioavailability, maximum concentration, time to maximum concentration, half-life and area under the curve were: 97 ± 10%, 7.13 ± 0.71 μg/mL, 10.50 ± 2.07 h, 9.20 ± 2.87 h, and 141 ± 37.6 μg*h/mL, respectively. Steady-state predictions supported twice daily dosing of the OFT, but specific dosage recommendations are hindered by lack of a canine-specific therapeutic range for plasma theophylline concentration. These findings suggest that the OFT is well absorbed and can likely be dosed twice daily in dogs, but future pharmacodynamic and clinical studies are needed to establish a definitive therapeutic range for theophylline in this species.
Serum miR-34a-5p and miR-199a-3p as new biomarkers of neonatal sepsis
Authors: Abdelaleem Omayma O. , Mohammed Shereen Rashad , El Sayed Hassan S. , Hussein Sherin Khamis , Ali Doaa Y. , Abdelwahed Mostafa Y. , Gaber Sylvana N. , Hemeda Nada F. , El-Hmid Rehab G. Abd
Published: January 2022

Background

Neonatal sepsis is a serious condition. Recent clinical studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in the pathogenesis of sepsis, which could be used as biomarkers for this condition.

Patients and methods

A total of 90 neonates with sepsis and 90 healthy neonates were enrolled in this study. qRT-PCR was performed to measure the expression levels of serum miR-34a-5p and miR-199a-3p.

Results

miR-34a-5p and miR-199a-3p serum levels were significantly reduced in neonates with sepsis compared with those in healthy neonates (P = 0.006 and P = 0.001, respectively). Significant correlations of miR-34a-5p and miR-199a-3p with each of TLC, RDW, RBS, and C-reactive protein (CRP) as well as SNAPII were observed, indicating their associations with the severity of neonatal sepsis.

Conclusion

miR-34a-5p and miR-199a-3p may be useful as novel biomarkers in neonatal sepsis and may provide a new direction for its treatment.
How do tourists consume a rural wine destination in central Portugal?
Authors: Caldeira Ana Maria , Kastenholz Elisabeth , Da Silva Alexia Alves , Martins Márcio Ribeiro
Published: January 2022

Space-time tourist behaviour is influenced by numerous factors related both to tourists and the destination. Yet, however complex it may be, understanding and to some extent managing the way tourists move in space and time is crucial to ensuring the quality of their experience, as well as the effective and sustainable management of destinations and attractions. In the rural wine tourism context, studies on space-time behaviour are rare. The present study uses empirical data collected from tourists staying in hotels of the Bairrada Wine Route territory (N = 116), combining a GPS tracking study with a questionnaire survey. Using a time-geographical analytical approach, the GPS tracking data were mapped for a more detailed analysis of the tourists’ movements in the Bairrada terroir. The findings highlight specificities of tourist consumption in the context of rural wine regions and provide valuable insights for destination planning, service design and marketing of the Bairrada Wine Route.
Para o desenvolvimento do território vitivinícola da Bairrada
Authors: De Andrade Áurea Andrade Viana , Santos Norberto
Published: January 2022

A pesquisa tem por objetivo compreender a influência da internacionalização nas complexas relações sociais tecidas no território, bem como das estratégias praticadas para o desenvolvimento. Optou-se como lócus de observação a Bairrada, que se constitui numa das Rotas dos Vinhos de Portugal. Para a pesquisa, o aporte teórico-metodológico foi centrado no desenvolvimento territorial, considerando a tipologia dos atores e agentes, endógenos e exógenos, os tipos de ações, as redes de circulação e de comunicações, a filosofia de intervenção das ações, a relação espaço/tempo nas territorialidades e nas relações para o desenvolvimento. Para melhor aprofundar a análise dos cenários e para propor estratégias de desenvolvimento mais dinâmicas, utilizou-se da metodologia Swot/Tows. Os resultados indicam que o território da Bairrada tem apresentado um desenvolvimento positivo, direcionando para um desenvolvimento desejável (normativo) e mais dinâmico.
A vendéglátás nemzetközi kutatási paradigmái a Covid19 árnyékában - Szisztematikus szakirodalmi áttekintés és egy koncepcionális keretmunka
Authors: Debreceni János , Fekete-Frojimovics Zsófia
Published: January 2022

A koronavírus-járvány soha nem látott kihívás elé állította a turizmus-vendéglátás szereplőit világszerte. A válsághelyzettel való küzdelem a vállalkozások üzleti modelljének átalakítását, a vendégek kényszerű alkalmazkodását vonta maga után. A vendéglátásban tapasztalható jelenségekről számos cikk jelent meg a nemzetközi tudományos szakirodalomban. Jelen tanulmány célja egyrészt az aktuális ismeretelméleti megközelítések (vállalatelmélet, marketing, fogyasztói magatartás és szervezeti magatartás) rendszerezése, ami segíti a járvány vendéglátásra gyakorolt hatásának tudományos vizsgálatát, másrészt egy, a vendéglátó mikro- és kisvállalkozásokra irányuló kutatási keretmunka bemutatása olyan változók bevonásával, mint a tervezett és alkalmazkodó reziliencia, a pénzügyi teljesítmény, a fenntartható turizmusfejlődés és az állami segítségnyújtással való elégedettség.
Turisztikai karrierperspektívák vizsgálata a Covid19- járvány árnyékában – Turizmus-menedzsment mesterszakos hallgatók percepciói
Authors: Formádi Katalin , Gyurácz-Németh Petra
Published: January 2022

A kutatás célja a koronavírus-járvány által erősen sújtott turizmus szektor utánpótlását jelentő Turizmus-menedzsment mesterszakos hallgatók karrierelképzeléseinek feltérképezése. További cél a múltbeli turisztikai tapasztalat és a jövőbeli lehetőségek vizsgálata, valamint az alsóbb és felsőbb éves hallgatók észlelésében való különbségek feltárása, különösen a munkaorientáció és a turisztikai munkafeltételek tekintetében. A fókuszcsoportos interjú módszerét alkalmaztuk, ahol három csoportban, guide segítségével térképeztük fel a témát. A turisztikai munkavégzéssel kapcsolatban az elsőéves mesterszakos hallgatók véleménye bizakodóbb volt, mint a végzősöké. A megnevezett szakmai motiváló tényezők közül legtöbben az anyagi és a szakmai megbecsülést tartják fontosnak, míg a munkavégzésben a szakmai kihívásokat, a változatos feladatokat és a megfelelő munkaidő-beosztást. A válaszokból az látható, hogy a hallgatók számára kiemelt jelentőséggel bír a pozitív szakmai orientáció, a szakma szeretete. Az eredmények fényében megállapítható, hogy az alsóbb éves hallgatók még szinte kivétel nélkül a turizmusban képzelik el a jövőjüket, habár őket is megrázta a koronavírus-járvány okozta válság. A végzős hallgatók esetében viszont már sokkal több kétség merül fel a turisztikai munkával kapcsolatban.
Buli van? – Mitől lehet vonzó Budapest VII. kerülete a hazai fogyasztók számára?
Authors: Kiss Kornélia , Molnár-Csomós Ilona , Kincses Fanni
Published: January 2022

A 2020 elején begyűrűzött Covid19-járvány előtt a túlturizmus jelenséggel érintett budapesti bulinegyed szinte egyik napról a másikra csendesedett el. Az újraindítás a „hogyan tovább”-ot illetően számos megválaszolásra váró kérdést vet fel. Jelen tanulmány kiindulási alapjául a túlturizmus és az élmény szolgál. Kutatási kérdésünk arra irányul, hogy mitől lehet vonzó Budapest VII. kerülete a szabadidős fogyasztók és a belföldi turisták egyes, generációk mentén képzett szegmensei számára? Kérdésünk megválaszolásához a narratívaelemzést hívtuk segítségül, amelynek elvégzése a fogyasztók által emlékezetesnek ítélt élmény mélyebb szintű megértését és a kerület genius locijának azonosítását célozta. A narratívák alapján a VII. kerület olyan történelmi, kulturális, művészeti és társadalmi értékekkel rendelkezik, amelyeken keresztül azonosítható a fogyasztók minden generációja számára vonzó genius loci.
Spontaneous Infection of a Nonmalignant Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm
Authors: Ashhab Ashraf A. , Podboy Alexander , Lo Simon K.
Published: January 2022

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a pancreatic tumor that originates from the epithelium of the pancreatic duct. Although IPMN cysts can be complicated by infection, this has been reported to involve cysts that have ruptured, fistulized into surrounding organs, undergone malignant transformation, or were recently sampled. We present a 76-year-old man with a history of an IPMN who developed spontaneous cyst infection which was managed with fine-needle aspiration and antibiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of spontaneous infection of a nonmalignant IPMN. Cyst infection should be considered as a very rare cause of unexplained fevers in patients with history of IPMN.
Moisture control design has to respond to all relevant hygrothermal loads
Authors: Kuenzel Hartwig , Dewsbury Mark
Published: January 2022

Moisture related damage is still a formidable cost factor in the building sector. Besides installation deficiencies, moisture control design failures are the most frequent reasons for moisture problems. Therefore, adequate moisture control analysis has become the key for sustainable buildings. However, by focusing on vapour diffusion only other important moisture loads such as driving rain, construction moisture or air infiltration are mostly neglected. Therefore, international moisture control standards often refer to simulation models for more realistic analysis, leaving many practitioners wondering how to handle these tools. To overcome this dilemma, the updated German moisture control standard has introduced a three-pathway approach for design evaluation: 1
st deemed to satisfy list, 2
nd restricted Glaser calculation and 3
rd fully fledged hygrothermal simulation. The third pathway includes the option to account for small leaks or imperfections in building envelope components. Guidelines in other countries are also embracing similar moisture control approaches which gives hope for more durable and sustainable building design. To reach this aim, moisture control should also become an integral part of the design process instead of a secondary chore.
El Ángel de la prehistoria: anacronismo, discontinuidad y huella en la facies inconsciente de la historia
Authors: Naishtat Francisco
Published: January 2022

Según la primera generación de la École des Annales, el anacronismo es “el más imperdonable de todos los pecados”. Sin embargo, Benjamin acentuó no sólo cierta inevitabilidad del anacronismo, sino inclusive su potencialidad. Su noción de huella (Spur) destaca aquello que persiste a través de diferentes épocas, comprendido a partir de una idea de pervivencia (Nachleben), que da lugar a la figura arqueológica de un pasado que interrumpe la relación del presente consigo mismo. El trabajo de Didi-Huberman, dando cauce a las intuiciones señaladas por Benjamin, hace de la potencia del anacronismo el punto de partida para la conceptualización de una metodología en el ámbito de la historia. La inactualidad del pasado reviste carácter de incumplido, prehistórico, arqueológico, discontinuo e inconsciente, cuya distancia no es menos portadora de una exigencia de traducibilidad (Ubersetzbarkeit).
Uma fúria compartilhada em toda parte: sentimento e cultura material nos primórdios do punk rock do interior paulista
Authors: Marquioni Carlos Eduardo
Published: January 2022

O artigo analisa ocorrências do ethos “Faça você mesmo” (em relação ao punk rock) na cidade de Santa Gertrudes no início da década de 1980. Sustenta que traços de um “sentimento” (Raymond Williams) do período podem ser identificados ao relacionar práticas de punk rockers em metrópoles mundiais com aquelas assumidas por moradores da pequena cidade paulista, estabelecendo-se o que é intitulado aqui como fúria compartilhada. Isso contribuiria para a superação de dificuldades de acesso a conteúdos a partir da produção e distribuição de artefatos que constituem formas de “cultura material” (Daniel Miller), e para a formação de banda musical local: esses dois aspectos parecem habilitar a inclusão dos santa-gertrudenses na “comunidade imaginada” (Benedict Anderson) do punk rock.
Spatial distribution of anti-rabies post-exposure treatments associated with the decentralization process in Belo Horizonte, 2007 to 2011
Authors: De Oliveira Marcelle Aparecida , De Oliveira Tiago Mendonça , Pastrana Misael Enrique Oviedo , Duarte Renato Martins , Diniz Soraia Araújo , Silva Marcos Xavier
Published: January 2022

Cases of canine attacks on people are reported because of the proximity of the dog to the households in several Brazilian cities. In the present study, we aim to evaluate post-exposure anti-rabies treatments with canine accidents between the years 2007 to 2011 in Belo Horizonte - MG. Duly notified data were obtained from the National System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN). The spatial characteristics of the cases during the period of the study referred to the neighborhoods and the nine sanitary districts of the municipality of Belo Horizonte - MG. For georeferencing and spatial analysis, we used the software Maporama to identify the coordinates and the Geographic Information System ArcGIS for mapping. Considering the 6.153 prophylactic services that were georeferenced, the Norte, Venda Nova, Leste, and Centro Sul regions were highlighted due to the higher frequency of registered cases. It is suggested that an integrative action focused on canine population control, health education and epidemiological surveillance studies could contribute to the reduction of canine aggression cases.