bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influenza vaccine failure in the tropics: a retrospective cohort study of waning effectiveness
Authors: Young B. E. , Mak T. M. , Ang L. W. , Sadarangani S. , Ho H. J. , Wilder-Smith A. , Barkham T. , Chen M.
Published: December 2020

Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) wanes over the course of a temperate climate winter season but little data are available from tropical countries with year-round influenza virus activity. In Singapore, a retrospective cohort study of adults vaccinated from 2013 to 2017 was conducted. Influenza vaccine failure was defined as hospital admission with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed influenza infection 2–49 weeks after vaccination. Relative VE was calculated by splitting the follow-up period into 8-week episodes (Lexis expansion) and the odds of influenza infection in the first 8-week period after vaccination (weeks 2–9) compared with subsequent 8-week periods using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for patient factors and influenza virus activity. Records of 19 298 influenza vaccinations were analysed with 617 (3.2%) influenza infections. Relative VE was stable for the first 26 weeks post-vaccination, but then declined for all three influenza types/subtypes to 69% at weeks 42–49 (95% confidence interval (CI) 52–92%, P = 0.011). VE declined fastest in older adults, in individuals with chronic pulmonary disease and in those who had been previously vaccinated within the last 2 years. Vaccine failure was significantly associated with a change in recommended vaccine strains between vaccination and observation period (adjusted odds ratio 1.26, 95% CI 1.06–1.50, P = 0.010).
High‐Resolution GRACE Monthly Spherical Harmonic Solutions
Authors: Chen Qiujie , Shen Yunzhong , Kusche Jürgen , Chen Wu , Chen Tianyi , Zhang Xingfu
Published: December 2020

Mass transport estimates based on filtered Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) monthly spherical harmonic gravity field solutions generally suffer from resolution loss and signal attenuation. To develop high‐resolution solutions from GRACE Level‐1B data, this study proposes a new regularization method. Transforming spatial constraints from GRACE‐based filtered mass changes into the spectral domain and imposing them on spherical harmonics, we resolve high‐resolution gravity field solutions expressed as spherical harmonics instead of mascons. The proposed method greatly enhances the spatial resolution and signal strength of spherical harmonic solutions. Using the presented method, we have produced a time series of high‐resolution (degree 180) spherical harmonic solutions named Tongji‐RegGrace2019, which can be directly used without further smoothing. To evaluate Tongji‐RegGrace2019, we conduct the global (trend and annual amplitude) and regional comparisons (groundwater loss signals over India, hydrology signals over river basins, and ice melting signals over Greenland, Antarctica Peninsula and Patagonia) among various GRACE solutions. Our analyses show that Tongji‐RegGrace2019 agrees well with Center for Space Research and Jet Propulsion Laboratory mascon solutions in terms of signal power and spatial resolution. Over the selected areas, the correlation coefficients of mass changes between Tongji‐RegGrace2019 and mascon solutions are at least 82%. Compared to the filtered solution, higher spatial resolution and stronger signal power are achieved by Tongji‐RegGrace2019 and mascon solutions, which have the potential to retrieve signals at a smaller spatial scale. Over Patagonia Icefield, the improvement of trend estimates by Tongji‐RegGrace2019 with respect to the filtered solution is about 150%.
Assessment of Magnetic Techniques for Understanding Complex Mixtures of Magnetite and Hematite: The Inuyama Red Chert
Authors: Hu Pengxiang , Oda Hirokuni , Zhao Xiang , Harrison Richard J. , Heslop David , Sato Tetsuro , Muxworthy Adrian R. , Roberts Andrew P.
Published: December 2020

Magnetite and hematite mixtures occur widely in nature. Magnetic unmixing of the signals recorded by these minerals can be important for assessing the origin of their respective paleomagnetic remanences and for extracting geological and paleoenvironmental information. However, unmixing magnetic signals from complex magnetite and hematite mixtures is difficult because of the weak magnetization and high coercivity of hematite. We assess here the relative effectiveness of first‐order reversal curve (FORC) and extended FORC‐type diagrams, FORC‐principal component analysis (PCA), isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) curve decomposition, and PCA of remanent hysteretic curves for unmixing magnetic components in samples from the magnetically complex Inuyama red chert, Japan. We also further characterize the domain state and coercivity distributions of both magnetite and hematite with FORC‐PCA and IRM acquisition analysis in the red chert. We show that IRM curve decomposition can provide valuable component‐specific information linked to coercivity, while FORC‐PCA enables effective magnetic domain state identification. PCA of remanent hysteretic curves provides useful information about the most significant factors influencing remanence variations and subtle coercivity changes. To identify components in complex magnetite and hematite mixtures, we recommend PCA analysis of remanent hysteretic curves combined with FORC analysis of representative samples to identify domain states and coercivity distributions.
Low‐Magnitude Seismicity With a Downhole Distributed Acoustic Sensing Array—Examples From the FORGE Geothermal Experiment
Authors: Lellouch A. , Schultz R. , Lindsey N.J. , Biondi B.L. , Ellsworth W.L.
Published: December 2020

We show the capabilities of a downhole distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) array in detecting, locating, and characterizing low‐magnitude earthquakes occurring in the vicinity of the Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) site in Utah. Continuous data for 10.5 days were acquired in a monitoring well at the FORGE geothermal site during the initial stimulation of an enhanced geothermal system in April–May 2019. Earthquake activity beneath Mineral Mountains, Utah also occurred within 10 km of the FORGE monitoring well. During the experiment, four earthquakes were cataloged by routine processing of the University of Utah Seismograph Stations. Our processing of DAS data finds 77 earthquakes during that period, of which 16 are visible on the regional network. Five additional events are found by template matching DAS data. The magnitude of completeness obtained by DAS processing is better by at least M = 0.5 than the dense surface array around the FORGE site. Depth estimation using DAS is more reliable than using a surface array. While a single vertical DAS array is limited in terms of event location due to its azimuthal ambiguity, multiple DAS wells or a combination of a downhole array with surface stations or near‐surface horizontal DAS could jointly resolve locations. All detected events probably originated from the two active source areas, located 3–5 and 8–10 km away from the FORGE site, respectively. Recorded events can be reliably clustered into several distinct families thanks to the spatial density and large number of DAS channels.
Satellites to Sprinklers: Assessing the Role of Climate and Land Cover Change on Patterns of Urban Outdoor Water Use
Authors: Blount Kyle , Wolfand Jordyn M. , Bell Colin D. , Ajami Newsha K. , Hogue Terri S.
Published: December 2020

Outdoor water use represents over 50% of total water demand in semiarid and arid cities and presents both challenges to and opportunities for improved efficiency and water resilience. The current work adapts a remote sensing‐based methodology to estimate growing season irrigation rates at the census block group scale in Denver, Colorado. Results show that city‐wide outdoor water use does not change significantly from 1995 to 2018, while per capita water use and total water use significantly decrease from 2000 to 2018. Because total water use, but not outdoor use, is decreasing, the percent of water used outdoors significantly increases across the city from 2000 to 2018. Climate variables account for one‐quarter of interannual variation in mean irrigation rates due primarily to changes in temperature, not precipitation. Percent impervious land cover exhibits a significant inverse nonlinear relationship with irrigation rates at the census block group scale. Finally, 38% of Denver census block groups show significantly increasing irrigation rates between 1995 and 2018 driven primarily by increasing temperatures. The increasing proportion of water used for irrigation highlights the importance of outdoor demand management for urban water systems as indoor efficiencies improve. We advocate that resilient water systems necessitate integrated land use, infrastructure, and water planning in the face of urban growth and climate change. While minimizing irrigated urban areas may reduce demand, remaining green spaces should be designed to maximize multiple benefits including reductions in water demand and urban heat islands, stormwater management, and recreation to improve the sustainability of growing cities.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: old friends and new tricks
Authors: Kim Eunsun , Viatour Patrick
Published: December 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Ninety percent of HCC cases arise from cirrhosis, during which liver cells undergo chronic cycles of necrosis and regeneration. The complex genomic landscape of HCC has been extensively investigated to draw correlations between recurrently mutated pathways and patient prognosis. However, our limited success with targeted therapy shows that knowing the presence of somatic mutations alone is insufficient for us to gauge the full spectrum of their functional consequences in the context of tumor evolution. In addition, the current molecular classification of HCC offers little information on the relationship between the molecular features and immunological properties of HCC tumors and their immune microenvironment. This review introduces current challenges and advancements made in HCC surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment. We also discuss the suite of HCC-associated genetic changes and describe recent studies that provide evidence for an evolving functional model and its implications for understanding and targeting HCC progression.
MELK is an oncogenic kinase essential for metastasis, mitotic progression, and programmed death in lung carcinoma
Authors: Tang Qin , Li Wan , Zheng Xiangjin , Ren Liwen , Liu Jinyi , Li Sha , Wang Jinhua , Du Guanhua
Published: December 2020

Lung cancer is the fastest growth rate of morbidity and mortality in nearly a decade, and remains difficult to treat. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms underlying its development are still unclear. In this study, bioinformatics analysis showed that MELK was highly expressed in lung cancer and negatively correlated to the survival of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Immunohistochemistry analysis of LUAD patient tissues revealed there were a high level of MELK expression in LUAD. Knockdown of MELK expression inhibits the migration and invasion of LUAD cells, which may be mediated by Twist1, Slug, MMP7, and N-catenin. Overexpression of MELK promoted the growth of LUAD cells in medium, 3D Matrigel, and nude mice. Inhibition of MELK by OTSSP167 arrested cycle of LUAD cells at G2/M phase via PLK1-CDC25C-CDK1 pathway, and triggered apoptosis-mediated pyroptosis. Together, these data indicate that MELK is critical for metastasis, mitotic progression, and programmed death of LUAD and may be a promising therapeutic target for LUAD.
Development and validation of a novel staging system integrating the number and location of lymph nodes for gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Ziyu , Wu Xiaolong , Gao Xiangyu , Shan Fei , Ying Xiangji , Zhang Yan , Ji Jiafu
Published: December 2020

Background

Evidence suggests that the anatomic extent of metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) affects prognosis, as proposed by alternative staging systems. The aim of this study was to establish a new staging system based on the number of perigastric (PMLN) and extra-perigastric (EMLN) MLNs.

Methods

Data from a Chinese cohort of 1090 patients who had undergone curative gastrectomy with D2 or D2 plus lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer were retrospectively analysed. A Japanese validation cohort (n = 826) was included. Based on the Cox proportional hazards model, the regression coefficients of PMLN and EMLN were used to calculate modified MLN (MMLN). Prognostic performance of the staging systems was evaluated.

Results

PMLN and EMLN were independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis (coefficients: 0.044, 0.115; all P < 0.001). MMLN was calculated as follows: MMLN = PMLN + 2.6 × EMLN. The MMLN staging system showed superior prognostic performance (C-index: 0.751 in the Chinese cohort; 0.748 in the Japanese cohort) compared with the five published LN staging systems when MMLN numbers were grouped as follows: MMLN0 (0), MMLN1 (1–4), MMLN2 (5–8), MMLN3 (9–20), and MMLN4 (>20).

Discussion

The MMLN staging system is suitable for assessing overall survival among patients undergoing curative gastrectomy with D2 or D2 plus lymphadenectomy.
SKIL facilitates tumorigenesis and immune escape of NSCLC via upregulating TAZ/autophagy axis
Authors: Ma Fang , Ding Meng-Ge , Lei Yi-Yu , Luo Li-Hua , Jiang Shun , Feng Yu-Hua , Liu Xian-Ling
Published: December 2020

Immune escape is an important mechanism in tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate roles of SKIL in tumorigenesis and immune escape of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SKIL expression levels in NSCLC cell line, clinical sample, and adjacent normal tissue were measured by quantitative PCR, western blot, or immunohistochemistry. Lentivirus was used to overexpress/silence SKIL or TAZ expression. Malignant phenotypes of NSCLC cells were evaluated by colony formation, transwell, and MTT assays, and in xenograft mice model. Syngeneic mice model and flow cytometry were used to evaluate T cell infiltration. Quantitative PCR and western blot were applied to evaluate relevant mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Co-immunoprecipitation was applied to unveil the interaction between SKIL and TAZ. SKIL expression was higher in NSCLC tissue compared to adjacent normal tissue. Silencing of SKIL inhibited malignant phenotypes of NSCLC cells and promoted T cell infiltration. SKIL-knockdown inhibited autophagy and activated the STING pathway in NSCLC cells through down-regulation of TAZ. Silencing of TAZ cancelled the effects of SKIL overexpression on malignant phenotypes and autophagy of NSCLC cells. Inhibition of autophagy reversed the effects of SKIL/TAZ overexpression on the STING pathway. In conclusion, SKIL promoted tumorigenesis and immune escape of NSCLC cells through upregulation of TAZ/autophagy axis and inhibition on downstream STING pathway.
Effective inhibition of MYC-amplified group 3 medulloblastoma by FACT-targeted curaxin drug CBL0137
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Sui Yi , Li Qifeng , Zhao Yang , Dong Xiaoshu , Yang Jian , Liang Zhuangzhuang , Han Yipeng , Tang Yujie , Ma Jie
Published: December 2020

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor that can be categorized into four major molecular subgroups. Group 3 MB with MYC amplification (MYCamp-G3-MB) has been shown to be highly aggressive and exhibited worst prognosis, indicating the need for novel effective therapy most urgently. A few epigenetic targeted therapeutic strategies have recently been proven to effectively treat preclinical models of MYCamp-G3-MB, including BET inhibition, HDAC inhibition and SETD8 inhibition, unveiling a promising direction for further investigation. In this study, we carried out systemic bioinformatic analyses of public-available MB datasets as well as functional genomic screening datasets of primary MYCamp-G3-MB lines to search for other potential therapeutic targets within epigenetic modulators. We identified SSRP1, a subunit of histone-chaperone FACT complex, to be the top drug target candidate as it is highly cancer-dependent in whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 screening across multiple MYCamp-G3-MB lines; significantly upregulated in MYCamp-G3-MB compared to normal cerebellum and most of the rest MB subtypes; its higher expression is correlated with worse prognosis; and it has a blood-brain-barrier penetrable targeted drug that has entered early phase human clinical trials already. Then we utilized RNA-interference approach to verify the cancer-dependency of SSRP1 in multiple MYCamp-G3-MB lines and further confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of FACT-targeted curaxin drug CBL0137 on treating preclinical models of MYCamp-G3-MB in vitro and in vivo, including an orthotopic intracranial xenograft model. Mechanistically, transcriptome analyses showed CBL0137 preferentially suppressed cell-cycle and DNA-repair related biological processes. Moreover, it selectively disrupted transcription of MYC and NEUROD1, two critical oncogenic transcription factors of MYCamp-G3-MB, via depleting FACT complex from their promoter regions. In summary, our study demonstrates FACT-targeted CBL0137 works effectively on treating MYCamp-G3-MB, presenting another promising epigenetic-targeted therapeutic strategy against the most devastating form of MB.
Chemotherapy induces dynamic immune responses in breast cancers that impact treatment outcome
Authors: Park Yeon Hee , Lal Samir , Lee Jeong Eon , Choi Yoon-La , Wen Ji , Ram Sripad , Ding Ying , Lee Soo-Hyeon , Powell Eric , Lee Se Kyung , Yu Jong Han , Ching Keith A. , Nam Jae-Yong , Kim Seok Won , Nam Seok Jin , Kim Ji-Yeon , Cho Soo Youn , Park Seri , Kim Jinho , Hwang Soohyn , Kim Yu Jin , Bonato Vinicius , Fernandez Diane , Deng Shibing , Wang Shuoguo , Shin Hyuntae , Kang Eun-Suk , Park Woong-Yang , Rejto Paul A. , Bienkowska Jadwiga , Kan Zhengyan
Published: December 2020

To elucidate the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), we conduct whole transcriptome profiling coupled with histopathology analyses of a longitudinal breast cancer cohort of 146 patients including 110 pairs of serial tumor biopsies collected before treatment, after the first cycle of treatment and at the time of surgery. Here, we show that cytotoxic chemotherapies induce dynamic changes in the tumor immune microenvironment that vary by subtype and pathologic response. Just one cycle of treatment induces an immune stimulatory microenvironment harboring more tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and up-regulation of inflammatory signatures predictive of response to anti-PD1 therapies while residual tumors are immune suppressed at end-of-treatment compared to the baseline. Increases in TILs and CD8+ T cell proportions in response to NAC are independently associated with pathologic complete response. Further, on-treatment immune response is more predictive of treatment outcome than immune features in paired baseline samples although these are strongly correlated.
Maximizing ion accessibility in MXene-knotted carbon nanotube composite electrodes for high-rate electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Gao Xiang , Du Xuan , Mathis Tyler S. , Zhang Mengmeng , Wang Xuehang , Shui Jianglan , Gogotsi Yury , Xu Ming
Published: December 2020

Improving the accessibility of ions in the electrodes of electrochemical energy storage devices is vital for charge storage and rate performance. In particular, the kinetics of ion transport in organic electrolytes is slow, especially at low operating temperatures. Herein, we report a new type of MXene-carbon nanotube (CNT) composite electrode that maximizes ion accessibility resulting in exceptional rate performance at low temperatures. The improved ion transport at low temperatures is made possible by breaking the conventional horizontal alignment of the two-dimensional layers of the MXene Ti3C2 by using specially designed knotted CNTs. The large, knot-like structures in the knotted CNTs prevent the usual restacking of the Ti3C2 flakes and create fast ion transport pathways. The MXene-knotted CNT composite electrodes achieve high capacitance (up to 130 F g−1 (276 F cm−3)) in organic electrolytes with high capacitance retention over a wide scan rate range of 10 mV s−1 to 10 V s−1. This study is also the first report utilizing MXene-based supercapacitors at low temperatures (down to −60 °C).
Forthcoming applications of quantum computing: peeking into the future
Authors: Hassija Vikas , Chamola Vinay , Goyal Adit , Kanhere Salil S. , Guizani Nadra
Published: December 2020

We all have been using classical computers for a long time. Quantum computing uses the phenomena of quantum mechanics like superposition and entanglement. Quantum computations can help achieve for the breakthroughs we have been looking for in science, machine learning, financial planning, medicine, etc., where classical computers’ computing power is not enough. It was not long back when quantum computing's applications in our life were all just theoretical. However, to utilise the power of quantum computations for real‐life applications, several recent developments have been made. Keeping that in mind, this study aims to explore the existing and upcoming applications of quantum computing. In this study, they start with an introduction of quantum computing fundamentals, following which, they give a brief overview of various applications of quantum computing in several significant areas of computer science, such as cryptography, machine learning, deep learning, and quantum simulations. They also cover various real‐life scenarios such as risk analysis, logistics, and satellite communication.
CF+ excitation in the interstellar medium
Authors: Desrousseaux Benjamin , Lique François , Goicoechea Javier R. , Quintas-Sánchez Ernesto , Dawes Richard
Published: December 2020

The detection of CF+ in interstellar clouds potentially allows astronomers to infer the elemental fluorine abundance and the ionization fraction in ultraviolet-illuminated molecular gas. Because local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) conditions are hardly fulfilled in the interstellar medium (ISM), the accurate determination of the CF+ abundance requires one to model its non-LTE excitation via both radiative and collisional processes. Here, we report quantum calculations of rate coefficients for the rotational excitation of CF+ in collisions with para- and ortho-H2 (for temperatures up to 150 K). As an application, we present non-LTE excitation models that reveal population inversion in physical conditions typical of ISM photodissociation regions (PDRs). We successfully applied these models to fit the CF+ emission lines previously observed toward the Orion Bar and Horsehead PDRs. The radiative transfer models achieved with these new rate coefficients allow the use of CF+ as a powerful probe to study molecular clouds exposed to strong stellar radiation fields.
Influence of various oiling compositions used in conservation on the physical and mechanical parameters of binding leather
Authors: Khazova Svetlana , Velikova Tatiana , Lisitskaia Tatiana
Published: December 2020

Protection of leather bindings from the influence of an unfavorable environment is one of the most important tasks of conservation. One way in which this is accomplished is by treating the leather part of an object with an oil or lubricating dressing. The purpose of the work is to study the influence of greases (oiling compositions) of various compositions on leather properties during ageing process (water-absorbing capacity, hygroscopicity, elasticityand color change). Ten oiling compositions were investigated.
Fast and efficient insolvency process as one of the preconditions of an outstanding business environment
Authors: Savickis Valdis , Dinsberga Jolanta
Published: December 2020

To date, in the articles and publications on the insolvency process, the primary objective of the insolvency process was emphasized – to balance the protection of legal interests of entrepreneurs and their creditors. The author's article, focusing on the basic principles of the insolvency of legal entities, aims at analyzing and examining the link of applicable principles of insolvency processes to preconditions for outstanding business environment. Focus of the topic indirectly addresses the potential of the regions and human capital. Methods applied in the study: 1) general scientific – analytical, descriptive, inductive and deductive; 2) interpretation of legal norms – grammatical, systematic and teleological. Materials, used in the study are political planning documents, documents of international institutions, normative acts, scientific and law literature, and dictionaries. Issues covered in the study: impact of the insolvency proceedings on preconditions for outstanding business environment and the role of the human capital; potential of the regions. Authors, resulting from the study, made the following conclusions: reforms of the insolvency law sphere have formally reached the primary goals, set out in the government level documents, however linkage with higher-level policy planning documents has remained in the second plan during reform process.
Der Einsatz skelettaler Verankerung bei doppelt angelegtem Zahn 12
und verlagertem Eckzahn 23
Authors: Vu Hoang. T. , Jung Britta A.
Published: December 2020

Der vorliegende Patientenfall skizziert das kieferorthopädische
Management und die Therapie eines doppelt angelegten Zahnes 12 und einem
verlagerten Eckzahn 23.
Aktuelle Behandlungskonzepte für Hirntumoren im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Peraud Aurelia , Schuler-Ortoli Marie , Stursberg Jana , Schlötzer Wiebke , Beer Meinrad , Bartholomä Stephan , Westhoff Mike-Andrew , Welte Birgitta , Wiegel Thomas , Loichinger Wolfgang , Debatin Klaus-Michael
Published: December 2020

Neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse in der Molekulardiagnostik und Therapie konnten für einige kindliche Hirntumoren erhebliche Verbesserungen für das Gesamt- und rezidivfreie Überleben erzielen. Dennoch ist man sich der Langzeitfolgen der teils sehr invasiven Therapien bei Kindern, der damit verbundenen reduzierten Lebensqualität sowie dem Risiko der Zweitmalignome bewusst. Deshalb ist es wichtig, dass Entscheidungen über das optimale therapeutische Vorgehen für jeden Patienten individuell und interdisziplinär im pädiatrischen Tumorboard getroffen werden.
Bewegungsförderung bei Menschen in schwierigen Lebenslagen
Authors: Fleuren Tobias , Herbert-Maul Annika , Linder Stephanie , Geidl Wolfgang , Reimers Anne Kerstin , Abu-Omar Karim
Published: December 2020

Der vorliegende Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Bewegungsförderung bei Menschen in schwierigen Lebenslagen und den besonderen Herausforderungen, die an eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung entsprechender Programme und Interventionen für diese Personengruppen gestellt werden. Anhand zweier Praxisbeispiele wird aufgezeigt, wie Bewegungsförderung für schwer erreichbare Adressat*innen durch partizipative Ansätze gelingen kann. Das BIG-Projekt (Bewegung als Investition in Gesundheit) bietet einen Ansatz für Frauen in schwierigen Lebenslagen. Bei GESTALT (GEhen, Spielen und Tanzen Als Lebenslange Tätigkeiten), einem Bewegungsprogramm zur Demenzprävention, werden Personen ab 60 Jahren adressiert, die bislang nur unzureichend oder gar nicht körperlich aktiv sind. Damit solche Projekte auf möglichst viele neue Kommunen übertragen werden können, muss die bisherige enge wissenschaftliche Begleitung durch mehr Verantwortung und Eigenständigkeit in den Kommunen ersetzt werden. Für die Praxis der Bewegungsförderung bedeutet dies, dass eine Erweiterung von Ausbildungsinhalten in Betracht gezogen werden sollte, um die notwendigen Kompetenzen und Strategien zu vermitteln, damit schwierige Zielgruppen adäquat erreicht werden.
Frauen und Gicht – eine diagnostische Herausforderung
Authors: Giordano Anna , Aringer Martin , Tausche Anne-Kathrin
Published: December 2020

Hintergrund Von Gicht sind überwiegend Männer betroffen (m:w; 9:1). Zur Diagnosestellung werden daher in der Regel die klinischen Merkmale einer akuten Monarthritis der unteren Extremität beim Mann herangezogen. Im Moment ist die Datenlage zur Gicht bei Frauen begrenzt. Bei ihnen wird die Gicht oft nicht in die Differenzialdiagnosen einer Arthritis einbezogen. Wir untersuchten daher die Epidemiologie und klinische Präsentation der Gicht bei Frauen und verglichen sie mit denen der Gicht bei Männern. In der Folge wurden die Daten auf Merkmale analysiert, welche bei Frauen die Gicht von Arthritiden anderer Genese unterscheiden und damit Fehldiagnosen vermeiden helfen können.

Methoden Retrospektiv wurden alle Patienten eingeschlossen, die zwischen 2012 und 2018 mit einer primären Entlassungsdiagnose einer Gicht (ICD-10 M10.XX) am Universitätsklinikum Dresden behandelt wurden. Es wurden klinische, laborchemische sowie radiologische Befunde erfasst und deskriptiv sowie multivariat mittels SPSS und R analysiert. In einem zweiten Schritt wurden die Daten von Frauen mit Gichtarthritis mit denen ohne Gicht (Monarthritis anderer Genese) verglichen und mittels univariater sowie multivariater Regressionsanalyse auf Signifikanz geprüft.

Resultate Insgesamt wurden 238 Gicht-Patienten (71 Frauen, 167 Männer) eingeschlossen. Frauen dieser Kohorte waren bei Diagnosestellung im Mittel 20 Jahre älter als Männer und hatten dann insgesamt häufiger mehrere Komorbiditäten: 92% aller Gichtpatientinnen litten an einer Hypertonie (Männer 74%), 84% hatten eine eGFR<60 ml/min (Männer 52%) und 40% hatten kardiovaskuläre Vorereignisse (Männer 14%). 90% nahmen regelmäßig Diuretika ein (Männer 47%). Fast die Hälfte der Frauen hatte bereits eine manifeste Polyarthrose (47 vs. 30% der Männer). Klinisch trat bei Frauen seltener die klassische MTP I-Arthritis (69 vs. 84%) auf. Der Vergleich von Frauen mit durch mikroskopischen Kristallnachweis gesicherter Gicht und Frauen mit Kristall-negativer Monarthritis zeigte signifikante Unterschiede: Frauen mit Gicht waren älter und wiesen signifikant häufiger eine Hypertonie oder kardiovaskuläre Erkrankung, einen Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, einen adipösen Habitus auf oder nahmen Diuretika ein. Bestanden zudem eine eingeschränkte Nierenfunktion sowie eine Hyperurikämie, lag mit hoher Sicherheit eine Gicht vor.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Gicht muss bei einer akuten Monarthritis auch bei Frauen in die Differenzialdiagnose einbezogen werden. Das gilt besonders ab dem Rentenalter und wenn Hypertonie, kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen, Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 oder Adipositas vorliegen und Diuretika Teil der Dauermedikation sind. Die Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion und eine Serumharnsäure von>390 µmol/l (>6,5 mg/dL) machen eine Gicht sehr wahrscheinlich.
Ynoate-Initiated Selective C–N Esterification of Tertiary Amines under Transition-Metal and Oxidant-Free Conditions
Authors: Feng Huangdi , Huang Junhai , Sun Feixiang , Huang Liliang
Published: December 2020

An efficient and selective method for metal- and oxidant-free deaminated esterification of tertiary amines is presented. In this protocol, ynoates play a key role to activate the Csp3–N bond through a process of in situ generation of zwitterionic salts. The transformations show that Csp3–N bond in the zwitterionic species has a lower dissociation energy than Csp2–N bond, leading to break preferentially and be trapped by carboxylic acids to generate the corresponding products in moderate to good yield.
Total Synthesis of (±)-Phaeocaulisin D
Authors: Yuan Yu , Ezzat Nameer , Bobek Katelyn
Published: December 2020

The tropone sesquiterpene phaeocaulisin D, isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma phaeocaulis, has previously been shown to inhibit nitric oxide production in macrophages. A total synthesis of phaeocaulisin D was accomplished by using an intramolecular cyclization–dearomatization as a key step. The highlights of the synthesis are effective formation of the 5–7 fused tropone system, and selective methylation of a late-stage intermediate.
Aortic Root Remodeling in Acute Aortic Dissection
Authors: Ehrlich Tristan , Karliova Irem , Froede Lennart , Giebels Christian , Kunihara Takashi , Schäfers Hans-Joachim
Published: December 2020

Objectives To evaluate the long-term results of remodeling in acute aortic dissection type A (AADA) to define operative risk and root and valve stability.

Methods Between October 1995 and December 2018, a total of 352 patients were treated surgically for AADA. Of these, 90 patients with AADA (<2 weeks from onset; age: 57 ± 15 years; 70 males) with a root diameter of >43 to 45 mm (depending on patient size) (48 ± 4.1 mm) underwent aortic root remodeling and were analyzed further. As the control group, we chose the patients with normally sized aortic roots who had been treated by tubular replacement only (n = 227). Other procedures were performed in 35 cases.

Results Early mortality was 9% in the remodeling group versus 15% in the tubular ascending aortic replacement (TAR). Actuarial survival at 10 and 15 years was 68 ± 5% and 58.3 ± 6.4%, respectively, in the root remodeling group versus 68 ± 4% and 66 ± 4% in the TAR group (p = 0.99). Freedom from reoperation on the aortic valve or root was 95 ± 3% at 10 years and at 89 ± 6% at 15 years. Freedom from proximal reoperation after TAR at 10 and 15 years was 93 ± 3% and 91 ± 3% (n = 31 patients at risk), respectively, not statistically different from that after remodeling (p = 0.75).

Conclusions The long-term stability of aortic root remodeling for enlarged roots with AADA was comparable to TAR preserving a normal aortic root.
Mirror to measure small angle x-ray scattering signal in high energy density experiments
Authors: Šmíd M. , Baehtz C. , Pelka A. , Laso García A. , Göde S. , Grenzer J. , Kluge T. , Konopkova Z. , Makita M. , Prencipe I. , Preston T. R. , Rödel M. , Cowan T. E.
Published: December 2020

Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) is a well established technique to detect nanometer scale structures in matter. In a typical setup, this diagnostic uses a detector with a direct line of sight to the scattering target. However, in the harsh environment of high intensity laser interaction, intense secondary radiation and high-energy particles are generated. Such a setup would therefore suffer a significant increase of noise due to this background, which could eventually prevent such measurements. In this paper, we present a novel tool consisting of a mosaic graphite crystal that works as a mirror for the SAXS signal and allows us to position the detector behind appropriate shielding. This paper studies the performance of this mirror both by experiment at the European XFEL (X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility) laboratory and by simulations.
Wide bandwidth frequency-domain thermoreflectance: Volumetric heat capacity, anisotropic thermal conductivity, and thickness measurements
Authors: Ziade Elbara
Published: December 2020

A frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) system with a frequency range of 1 Hz to 75 MHz is presented. The wide bandwidth of pump modulation frequency enables enhanced simultaneous thermophysical property characterization of bulk and thin-film materials. The wide bandwidth FDTR system is demonstrated with simultaneous measurements of in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities of sapphire and muscovite mica, thickness and thermal conductivity of gold/titanium thin films, and isotropic thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity of lithium niobate and silicon. Thermophysical properties measured with FDTR are compared to literature values or independent measurements for verification. Finally, at low frequencies, a negligible error was achieved in the numerical integration of the heat diffusion equation with a Gauss–Legendre quadrature method solved with 400 integration points and an upper integration limit of 16weff, where weff is the effective pump–probe 1/e2 radius.
Darboux transformation of the generalized mixed nonlinear Schrödinger equation revisited
Authors: Qiu Deqin , Liu Q. P.
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we present an explicit Darboux transformation of the generalized mixed nonlinear Schrödinger (GMNLS) equation. The compact determinant representation of the n-fold Darboux transformation of the GMNLS equation is constructed and the nth-order solution is built. We further prove that only the even-fold Darboux transformation and the even-order solution of the GMNLS equation can, respectively, be reduced to the Darboux transformation and solution of the Kundu–Eckhaus equation. Furthermore, two different kinds of explicit one-soliton solutions of the GMNLS equation are constructed and discussed.
Time-domain photocurrent spectroscopy based on a common-path birefringent interferometer
Authors: Wolz Lukas , Heshmatpour Constantin , Perri Antonio , Polli Dario , Cerullo Giulio , Finley Jonathan J. , Thyrhaug Erling , Hauer Jürgen , Stier Andreas V.
Published: December 2020

We present diffraction-limited photocurrent (PC) microscopy in the visible spectral range based on broadband excitation and an inherently phase-stable common-path interferometer. The excellent path-length stability guarantees high accuracy without the need for active feedback or post-processing of the interferograms. We illustrate the capabilities of the setup by recording PC spectra of a bulk GaAs device and compare the results to optical transmission data.
Laser-driven Marangoni flow and vortex formation in a liquid droplet
Authors: Gupta Krishnkumar , Kolwankar Kiran M. , Gore Bhalchandra , Dharmadhikari Jayashree A. , Dharmadhikari Aditya K.
Published: December 2020

We present a systematic study of the laser-driven Marangoni flow and curvature induced vortex formation in a copper sulfate pentahydrate solution, visualized by dispersed carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles. The experiments are carried out using different objectives of numerical aperture (NA) in the range of 0.1–0.6 to investigate the effect of focusing on the flow dynamics. The flow velocities measured (for 0.1 NA) are in the range of 2 mm/s–5 mm/s depending on the size of CNTs. Both primary and secondary vortices are observed in our experiment. In the primary vortex, with a sixfold increase in NA, a tenfold increase in the angular velocity of CNTs is measured. We also discuss the important role played by the curvature of the droplet in the vortex formation. The numerical simulations carried out for flow velocity are in agreement with the experimental values.
Instability and energy budget analysis of viscous coaxial jets under a radial thermal field
Authors: Qiao Ran , Mu Kai , Luo Xisheng , Si Ting
Published: December 2020

Temporal linear instability of viscous coaxial jets under a radial thermal field is carried out by considering axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric disturbances. The interfacial tensions of different fluids are taken to be temperature dependent. The para-sinuous, para-varicose, and helical unstable modes are identified in the Rayleigh regime. The energy budget is also employed to explore the relative importance of thermal-induced stresses on the jet instability at the most unstable wavenumber by changing the dimensionless parameters. It is shown that decreasing the temperature ratio of inner fluid to surrounding fluid (T13) promotes the jet instability. For coaxial jets at T13 > 1, the Marangoni flow makes coaxial jets more stable, and increasing the fluid thermal conductivity suppresses the jet instability. For coaxial jets at T13 < 1, however, their influences on the jet instability are opposite. Compared with the thermal-induced stresses at the inner and outer interfaces, the inner interfacial tension is the main factor dominating the flow. Increasing either inner interfacial tension or outer surface tension and decreasing viscosity of any fluid can promote the instability of coaxial jets. The variations of thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of either inner or surrounding fluids apparently influence the jet instability of the para-varicose mode, but hardly influence that of the para-sinuous mode. This work would provide great insight into the physical mechanism of thermal jet instability in various applications.
Multiwavelet scale multidimensional recurrence quantification analysis
Authors: He Qian , Huang Jingjing
Published: December 2020

The multiwavelet scale multidimensional recurrence quantification analysis (MWMRQA) method is proposed in this paper, which is a combination of multidimensional recurrence quantification analysis and wavelet packet decomposition. It allows us to quantify the recurrence properties of a single multidimensional time series under different wavelet scales. We apply the MWMRQA method to the Lorenz system and the Chinese stock market, respectively, and show the feasibility of this method as well as the dynamic variation of the Lorenz system and the Chinese stock market under different wavelet scales. This provides another perspective for other disciplines that need to study the recurrence properties of different scales in the future.
INFRA-ICE: An ultra-high vacuum experimental station for laboratory astrochemistry
Authors: Santoro Gonzalo , Sobrado Jesús. M. , Tajuelo-Castilla Guillermo , Accolla Mario , Martínez Lidia , Azpeitia Jon , Lauwaet Koen , Cernicharo José , Ellis Gary J. , Martín-Gago José Ángel
Published: December 2020

Laboratory astrochemistry aims at simulating, in the laboratory, some of the chemical and physical processes that operate in different regions of the universe. Amongst the diverse astrochemical problems that can be addressed in the laboratory, the evolution of cosmic dust grains in different regions of the interstellar medium (ISM) and its role in the formation of new chemical species through catalytic processes present significant interest. In particular, the dark clouds of the ISM dust grains are coated by icy mantles and it is thought that the ice–dust interaction plays a crucial role in the development of the chemical complexity observed in space. Here, we present a new ultra-high vacuum experimental station devoted to simulating the complex conditions of the coldest regions of the ISM. The INFRA-ICE machine can be operated as a standing alone setup or incorporated in a larger experimental station called Stardust, which is dedicated to simulate the formation of cosmic dust in evolved stars. As such, INFRA-ICE expands the capabilities of Stardust allowing the simulation of the complete journey of cosmic dust in space, from its formation in asymptotic giant branch stars to its processing and interaction with icy mantles in molecular clouds. To demonstrate some of the capabilities of INFRA-ICE, we present selected results on the ultraviolet photochemistry of undecane (C11H24) at 14 K. Aliphatics are part of the carbonaceous cosmic dust, and recently, aliphatics and short n-alkanes have been detected in situ in the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.
Detection of lysine molecular ions in solution gated field effect transistors based on unmodified graphene
Authors: Butko A. V. , Butko V. Y. , Lebedev S. P. , Lebedev A. A. , Davydov V. Y. , Eliseyev I. A. , Kumzerov Y. A.
Published: December 2020

The electrical transport in graphene interfaced with different ions in solution gated graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) is the subject of active studies due to its importance in sensor fabrication. Most of the developed GFET biological sensors use graphene that has been modified. The difficulty in the modification procedure and the reduction in quality of graphene that it causes are important drawbacks for applications. Therefore, we focus on GFETs based on unmodified graphene gated by aqueous solutions containing lysine amino acids. We observed that an increase in the ionic concentration of lysine in these solutions leads to a suppression of unipolar electron conductance of graphene in GFETs. This dependence is opposite to the dependence typically observed in gating solutions containing smaller atomic ions. We attribute the observed suppression to electric field screening of the graphene surface from water molecules by lysine ions which are larger and have lower charge density compared to atomic ions. This novel phenomenon leads to an overall decrease of surface charge density in molecular layers formed at the graphene interface and can be applied in GFET sensors with unmodified graphene that detect the presence and concentration of large molecules in the gating solutions.
Potential energy surface and bound states of the H2O–HF complex
Authors: Loreau Jérôme , Kalugina Yulia N. , Faure Alexandre , van der Avoird Ad , Lique François
Published: December 2020

We present the first global five-dimensional potential energy surface for the H2O–HF dimer, a prototypical hydrogen bonded complex. Large scale ab initio calculations were carried out using the explicitly correlated coupled cluster approach with single- and double-excitations together with non-iterative perturbative treatment of triple excitations with the augmented correlation-consistent triple zeta basis sets, in which the water and hydrogen fluoride monomers were frozen at their vibrationally averaged geometries. The ab initio data points were fitted to obtain a global potential energy surface for the complex. The equilibrium geometry of the complex corresponds to the formation of a hydrogen bond with water acting as a proton acceptor and a binding energy of De = 3059 cm−1 (8.75 kcal/mol). The energies and wavefunctions of the lowest bound states of the complex were computed using a variational approach, and the dissociation energies of both ortho-H2O–HF (D0 = 2089.4 cm−1 or 5.97 kcal/mol) and para-H2O–HF (D0 = 2079.6 cm−1 or 5.95 kcal/mol) were obtained. The rotational constant of the complex was found to be in good agreement with the available experimental data.
Complex dynamics induced by a sine nonlinearity in a five-term chaotic system: FPGA hardware design and synchronization
Authors: Kuate Paul Didier Kamdem , Fotsin Hilaire
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a new five-term chaotic model derived from the Rössler prototype-4 equations. The proposed system is elegant, variable-boostable, multiplier-free, and exclusively based on a sine nonlinearity. However, its algebraic simplicity hides very complex dynamics demonstrated here using familiar tools such as bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents spectra, frequency power spectra, and basins of attraction. With an adjustable number of equilibrium, the new model can generate infinitely many identical chaotic attractors and limit cycles of different magnitudes. Its dynamic behavior also reveals up to six nontrivial coexisting attractors. Analog circuit and field programmable gate array-based implementation are discussed to prove its suitability for analog and digital chaos-based applications. Finally, the sliding mode control of the new system is investigated and simulated.