bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the transcriptomic complexity of Miscanthus sinensis using a combination of PacBio long read- and Illumina short read sequencing platforms
Authors: Wang Yongli , Li Xia , Wang Congsheng , Gao Lu , Wu Yanfang , Ni Xingnan , Sun Jianzhong , Jiang Jianxiong
Published: December 2020

Background: Miscanthus sinensis Andersson is a perennial grass that exhibits remarkable lignocellulose characteristics suitable for sustainable bioenergy production. However, knowledge of the genetic resources of this species is relatively limited, which considerably hampers further work on its biology and genetic improvement.Results: In this study, through analyzing the transcriptome of mixed samples of leaves and stems using the latest PacBio Iso-Seq sequencing technology combined with Illumina HiSeq, we report the first full-length transcriptome dataset of M. sinensis with a total of 58.21 Gb clean data. An average of 15.75 Gb clean reads of each sample were obtained from the PacBio Iso-Seq system, which doubled the data size (6.68 Gb) obtained from the Illumina HiSeq platform. The integrated analyses of PacBio- and Illumina-based transcriptomic data uncovered 408,801 non-redundant transcripts with an average length of 1,685 bp. Of those, 189,406 transcripts were commonly identified by both methods, 169,149 transcripts with an average length of 619 bp were uniquely identified by Illumina HiSeq, and 51,246 transcripts with an average length of 2,535 bp were uniquely identified by PacBio Iso-Seq. When comparing our data with genomes of four species of Andropogoneae, M. sinensis showed the closest relationship with sugarcane with up to 93% mapping ratios, followed by sorghum with up to 80% mapping ratios, indicating a high conservation of orthologs in these three genomes. Furthermore, 306,228 transcripts were successfully annotated against public databases including cell wall related genes and transcript factor families, thus providing many new insights into gene functions. The PacBio Iso-Seq data also helped identify 3,898 alternative splicing events and 2,963 annotated AS isoforms within 10 function categories.Conclusions: Taken together, the present study provides a rich data set of full-length transcripts that greatly enriches our understanding of M. sinensis transcriptomic resources, thus facilitating further genetic improvement and molecular studies of the Miscanthus species.
Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Wenshan , Li Hong-Yan , Yang Qian , Chen Guangyong , Lin Shujun , Liao Chunling , Zhou Tianbiao
Published: December 2020

Background: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy shows great promise for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients. Research has been carried out on this topic in recent years. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the therapeutic effects of MSCs on DKD through a meta-analysis and address the mechanism through a systematic review of the literature. Method: An electronic search of the Embase, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, PubMed and U.S National Library of Medicine (NLM) databases was performed for all articles about MSC therapy for DKD, without species limitations, up to January 2020. Data were pooled for analysis with Stata SE 12. Result: The MSC-treated group showed a large and statistically significant hypoglycemic effect at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months and 6 months. Total hypoglycemic effect was observed (SMD=-1.954, 95%CI: -2.389 to -1.519, p＜0.001; I²= 85.1%). The overall effects on serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were analyzed, suggesting that MSC decreased SCr and BUN and mitigated the impairment of renal function (SCr: SMD= -4.838, 95%CI: -6.789 to -2.887, p＜0.001; I²= 90.8%; BUN: SMD= -4.912, 95%CI: -6.402 to -3.422, p＜0.001; I²= 89.3 %). Furthermore, MSC therapy decreased the excretion of urinary albumin. Fibrosis indicators were assessed, and the results showed that transforming growth factor-β, collagen-I, fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin were significantly decreased in the MSC-treated group compared to the control group. Conclusion: MSCs might improve glycemic control and reduce SCr, BUN, and urinary protein. MSCs can also alleviate renal fibrosis. MSC therapy might be a potential treatment for DKD.
MODERN APPROACHES TO TREATMENT OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
Authors: Danilenko A. A. , Shakhtarina S. V. , Falaleeva N. A.
Published: December 2020

Purpose of the study: to systematize published data on the effectiveness of drugs used to treat patientswith chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Material and Methods. A literature search was conducted using Medline, Pubmed databases. 93 publications were selected to write this review.

Results. General information about chronic lymphocytic leukemia (biological features, criteria for establishing diagnosis, staging, criteria for evaluating antitumor therapy response) was presented. The focus was made on antitumor drugs used as monotherapy and in combination with other anti-cancer agents. The use of drugs belonging to the classes of cytostatics, monoclonal antibodies, as well as drugs that affect the signaling pathways of the B-cell receptor, BCL -2 inhibitors, immunomodulators was discussed. The gold standard for first-line therapy remains the RFC scheme. With a positive Coombs test, bendamustine is an equivalent alternative to the FC regimen. The use of chlorambucil is limited in situations in which the goal of therapy is the palliative treatment of older people with serious comorbidity. In subsequent lines of therapy, molecular action drugs are beginning to take an increasingly important place.

Conclusion. During the past twenty years, significant advances have been made in understanding biological features of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the synthesis of several dozen new therapeutic drugs of targeted action, some of which are already undergoing clinical testing. These drugs may lead to serious complications. The review is devoted to new drugs, the efficacy and safety of which has already been tested in a clinical setting.
EVOLUTION OF METHODS OF STOPPING BLEEDING FROM THE PRESACRAL VENOUS PLEXUS IN PELVIC SURGERY: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Parfireva E. M. , Ivchenko A. O. , Ivchenko O. A. , Avgustinovich A. V.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study was to analyze various methods of stopping bleeding from the presacral venous plexus.

Material and Methods. Literature search was carried out using Elibrary, Medline, Embase databases from January 1960 to November 2018.

Results. Bleeding from the presacral venous plexus is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication in pelvic surgery. The inferior vena cava, the veins of the presacral and internal spinal plexuses are dilated under general anesthesia, and act as a large venous “blood pool” in the pelvis because of the lack of functional valves. Hydrostatic pressure in this venous pool can reach two to three times the pressure of the inferior vena cava. Thus, rupture of even a small presacral vein may result in heavy bleeding. Among the many reported methods of stopping this bleeding, the most effective are as follows: mechanical tamponade; technique of pressing the bleeding site; ectrocoagulation; the use of hemostatic materials.

Сonclusion. The variety of methods used for stopping bleeding from the presacral venous plexus indicate a need of searching for more effective methods.
ONCOLYTIC VIROTHERAPY IN GLIOBLASTOMA TREATMENT: PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES IN CLINICAL RESEARCH (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Kit O. I. , Ignatov S. N. , Zlatnik E. Yu. , Soldatkina N. V. , Rostorguev E. E. , Sagakyants A. B. , Bondarenko E. S. , Sitkovskaya A. O.
Published: December 2020

Glial tumors comprise about 60 % of primary malignant brain tumors, and 70 % of them show morphological signs of high-grade cancer (High Grade Gliomas III , IV WHO 2016) [1, 2]. Despite a significant technical pre- and intraoperative progress as well as advances in radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the overall median survival is very low, being less than 20 months [3] and less than 12 months in patients with relapse [4]. Recent studies have shown that chemo- and radioresistance is due to the existence of cancer stem cells [5, 6]. Poor treatment outcomes require the development and implementation of new approaches to the treatment of highgrade gliomas. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the development of immunotherapeutic treatment approaches, including the development of oncolytic virotherapy. Tropism to target cancer cells, as well as various viral vectors, has been developed using methods of genetic engineering; synergism of viruses and adjuvant therapy has been studied. Despite extensive experimental studies of the mechanism of oncolysis [1], there are only a few reports on Phase I–II clinical trials. This review considers the most successful applications of oncolytic viruses in relation to glioblastoma in animal models and their translation into clinical practice in patients.
MODERN CONCEPTS ON THE ROLE OF HYPOXIA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TUMOR RADIORESISTANCE
Authors: Senchukova M. A. , Makarova E. V. , Kalinin E. A. , Tkachev V. V. , Zubareva E. Y.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study was to systematize and summarize modern ideas about the role of hypoxia in the development of tumor radioresistance.

Material and Methods. PubMed, eLibrary and Springer databases were used to identify reviews published from 1953 to 2020, of which 57 were selected to write our review.

Results. Radiation therapy is one of the most important components in cancer treatment. The major drawback of radiation therapy is the development radiation resistance in cancerous cells and secondary malignancies. The mechanisms of cancer radioresistance are very complicated and affected by many factors, of which hypoxia is the most important. Hypoxia is able to activate the mechanisms of angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and contribute to the formation of the pool of cancer stem cell, which are characterized by chemo- and radioresistance. In turn, the severity of hypoxia largely dependent on tumor blood flow. Moreover, not only the quantitative but also the qualitative characteristics of blood vessels can affect the development of tissue hypoxia in the tumor.

Conclusion. A comprehensive assessment of the severity of hypoxia, as well as characteristics of angiogenesis and EMT can contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of development of cancer radioresistance.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANSE OF PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Sergeeva N. S. , Karmakova T. A. , Alentov I. I. , Zikiryahodzhaev A. D. , Ortabaeva D. R. , Kaprin A. D.
Published: December 2020

Background. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA ) is predominantly produced by prostate epithelium, however, other tissues can serve as its minor sources in both men and women, including breast tissue. In women, elevated serum PSA levels have been described in different physiological and pathological conditions, including benign breast diseases and breast cancer (BC). PSA is considered as a potential serum tumor marker for BC, but evidences of its possible clinical significance are insufficiently convincing.

Aim of the study: investigation of PSA levels in female BC patients and assessment of perspectives of its study as a diagnostic tool for early detection of BC.

Material and methods. Serum PSA levels were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay (ARCHITECT , Abbott) in 99 female patients with histologically confirmed BC (carcinoma in situ – 11, stage I – 56, stage IIA – 32) and 25 conditionally healthy female donors.

Results. In the donor group, serum PSA was revealed in 22/25 (88,0 %) cases, and its mean level was 4.0 ± 0.9 ng/l. In the group of BC patients, detectable PSA level was revealed in 68/99 (68.7 %) cases, and its mean level was 2.8 ± 0.9 ng/l. Differences between groups of BC patients and donors in mean marker values were not statistically significant (p>0,05). Serum PSA levels were higher in young women: in the group of BC patients under 40 years old, percentage of PSA -positive cases was 89 %, in the group of patients over 50 years old – 60 %; in groups of donors under 40 and over 50 years old – 100 % and 80 %, respectively. In cases of in situ carcinoma, the mean serum PSA was higher than in cases with stages I and II (3.0 ± 1.2 ng/l vs 1.9 ± 0.3 ng/l and 1.6 ± 0.3 ng/l, respectively; p>0,05). In the group of BC patients, no PSA levels were found to be dependent on the histological type, grade and molecular subtype of the tumor.

Conclusion. The PSA level has no clinical significance in early stages of BC, since the proportion of cases with elevated PSA levels and it’s mean value in patients with early stages of BC don’t differ from those in the group of healthy women.
DINAMIC SCREENING OF PRECANCEROUS ESOPHAGUS USING MOLECULAR GENETIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Anishchenko V. V. , Titov S. E. , Poloz T. L. , Veryaskina Yu. A. , Arkhipova A. A. , Bubnov I. V.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Esophageal adenocarcinoma develops from areas of intestinal metaplasia in Barrett’s esophagus, similar to how intestinal metaplasia transforms into gastric adenocarcinomas in the stomach. Atypia with intraepithelial neoplasia is difficult to distinguish from reactive and regenerative changes, especially in erosive mucosa of the esophagus. Observation of patients with Barrett’s esophagus allows the identification of adenocarcinoma in the earlier, more curable stages in many patients.

The aim of our study was to study the prospects of using a classifier based on miRNA profiling in histological samples of Barrett’s esophagus to determine the risk of malignancy and treatment tactics.

Material and Methods. In this study, 119 samples of archival histological material in the form of paraffin blocks were used: 89 samples of gastric mucosa with dysplasia and 30 samples of Barrett’s esophagus. The expression level of miRNA-145-5p, -150-5p, -20a-5p, -21-5p,-31-5p,-34a-5p,-375 was determined using real-time RT-PC R. Samples were stratified into different groups using the C-RT decision tree algorithm.

Results. 26.7 % of Barrett’s esophagus samples were classified by expression of the proposed miRNAs as cancer, which may indicate a potential development of a malignant tumor in the mucosa of the esophagus when morphological changes have not yet been found.
INHIBITION OF REDD1 EXPRESSION FOR THE REDUCTION OF GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED SIDE EFFECTS
Authors: Lylova E. S. , Savinkova A. V. , Zhidkova E. M. , Kirsanov K. I. , Yakubovskaya M. G. , Budunova I. V. , Lesovaya E. A.
Published: December 2020

Glucocorticoids (GC ) have been an integral component of the treatment of leukemias and lymphomas for several decades. Specific cytotoxic effect of GC on transformed lymphoblasts mediates their use at the stage of the remission induction as well as consolidation of treatment. However, the main problem of the long-term GC use is the development of atrophic and metabolic side effects as well as GC resistance. The biological effects of GC are realized via activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by two mechanisms: transrepression (TR) associated with the therapeutic effects of GC , and transactivation (TA ), which mediates the development of metabolic and atrophic complications. It was demonstrated that an increase in the expression of the GC - dependent gene REDD1 associated with GC -induced skin, muscle and bone atrophy of the skin, muscle and bone tissue was realized via the induction of transactivation. Therefore, identification of potential inhibitors of REDD1 expression and study of their biological effects in combination with GC in models of leukemia and lymphoma is of particular interest. In our recent study we have selected a number of drugs from the class of PI 3K/Akt/mTO R modulators using bioinformatic screening. These drugs effectively inhibited REDD1 expression, modulated GR activity and shifted it towards transrepression, and prevented the development of GC -induced side effects in mice. Here we aimed to study the effects of potential inhibitors of REDD1 expression from different pharmacological groups, the compounds Emetine and CGP -60474, on leukemia and lymphoma cells in combination with GC . We demonstrated antitumor effect of the compounds in vitro, a decrease in the expression of TA -associated genes and an increase in TR induction. Further studies of the antitumor effects of REDD1 expression inhibitors (Emetine and CGP -60474 is a promising area of research.
ATUAÇÃO POLÍTICA DE GRUPOS DE INTERESSE NA EVOLUÇÃO DA MATRIZ ENERGÉTICA DO BRASIL DE 1960 A 2019
Authors: Perdigão Daniel
Published: December 2020

A agenda global de defesa contra as mudanças climáticas inclui a evolução da matriz energética em direção a fontes renováveis. O Brasil fez uma notável alteração de suas fontes de energia ao longo dos últimos 60 anos, passando de uma ênfase em combustíveis fósseis a uma priorização de energias renováveis. Este estudo analisa o caso dessa transição do ponto de vista político, buscando demonstrar como ela se deu pela observação da atuação política de três grupos de interesse (stakeholders) identificáveis: setor público, setor privado e sociedade civil. É possível identificar três fases nessa trajetória, com durações próximas de um vicênio cada: crescimento e expansão energética, estagnação do setor e busca por sustentabilidade energética. Os eventos ocorridos ao longo dessas seis décadas são classificáveis em três tipos: fenômenos essencialmente locais, reflexos locais de fenômenos globais e respostas locais singulares a fenômenos globais. O estudo desses eventos mostrou que a compreensão das opções tecnológicas realizadas requer levar em consideração o contexto político e socioeconômico de atuação dos grupos de interesses. Em particular, as respostas singulares do Brasil a acontecimentos mundiais mereceriam um estudo mais aprofundado, pois podem dar direções para soluções locais inovadoras a problemas no presente e no futuro.
EUGENIA: A INFLUÊNCIA DA TEORIA GALTONIANA NA HISTÓRIA E NA ATUALIDADE
Authors: Leitempergher Cavalheiro Fernanda , Armada Charles Alexandre Souza
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo científico se propôs a analisar a influência que a teoria da Eugenia teve em acontecimentos históricos do século XX e problemas da atualidade, após compreender o que ela afirma e como foi desenvolvida. A justificativa do trabalho foi a grande influência que essa teoria exerceu em algumas das atrocidades cometidas pelo homem, por isso, a importância de compreender porque ela se popularizou tanto. Os objetivos específicos foram compreender o que é a teoria da Eugenia e como ela foi desenvolvida, entender como essa teoria influenciou determinados acontecimentos históricos e analisar como problemas atuais estão relacionados com ela. Ao final do trabalho, constatou-se que a teoria foi desenvolvida por Francis Galton e afirma que não só características físicas, mas também mentais são transmitidas hereditariamente, e que o homem pode gerar descendentes aprimorados por meio de certas técnicas. A pesquisa também demonstrou que essa ideia teve grande popularização nos Estados Unidos e que o Nazismo utilizou a teoria de Galton como uma das bases para sua política de exterminação racial. Por fim, percebeu-se que a Eugenia permanece ativa na sociedade nos dias de hoje, de modo subentendido, nas intervenções médicas que buscam o aprimoramento humano e em problemas sociológicos, como o racismo; mas que com o conhecimento atual essa pseudociência precisa ser deixada para trás. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foram utilizados o método indutivo, a pesquisa bibliográfica e o procedimento monográfico.
Over Capasity as an Opportunity fot the Directorate General of Correctors In Optimizing Revitalization
Authors: Rokhman Fatkhur
Published: December 2020

Overcapacity is a condition in which a building is overloaded. Lots of riots or problems in prisons are caused by overcapacity. Therefore it is necessary to handle and treat overcapacity in prisons which initially became a problem and a threat that could create a potential opportunity in the development and implementation of correctional revitalization. The method used in the making of this journal uses descriptive qualitative research methods. By using secondary data sources, using literature study data collection techniques, and performing data analysis techniques in the form of collecting data, reducing data, presenting data, and concluding data so that it is easy to understand. In Correctional Revitalization, the condition of overcapacity in prisons can be used as an opportunity by placing inmates who have passed the assessment to be placed in minimum security prisons to be optimized or empowered through self-supporting programs such as training in plantations, fisheries, creative crafts, animal husbandry and agriculture and for personality development such as education.

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Overkapasitas merupakan suatu kondisi dimana di dalam sebuah bangunan mengalami kelebihan muatan. Banyak sekali kejadian kerusuhan atau masalah di dalam Lapas di sebabkan karena overkapasitas. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya penanganan dan pengolahan overkapasitas dalam Lapas yang awalnya menjadi masalah dan ancaman bisa menjadikan peluang yang potensial dalam pembinaan dan pelaksanaan revitalisasi pemasyarakatan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan Jurnal ini, menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Dengan menggunakan sumber data sekunder, menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data studi pustaka, dan melakukan teknik analisis data berupa mengumpulkan data, mereduksi data, menyajikan data, dan menyimpulkan data sehingga mudah dipahami. Dalam Revitalisasi Pemasyarakatan, kondisi overkapasitas dalam Lapas bisa dimanfaatkan menjadi sebuah peluang dengan menempatkan narapidana yang telah lulus assessment untuk di tempatkan ke dalam Lapas minimum Security untuk kemudian dioptimalkan atau diberdayagunakan melalui program pembinaan kemandirian seperti pelatihan perkebunan, peikanan, kerajinan kreatif, peternakan, dan pertanian dan untuk pembinaan kepribadian seperti pendidikan.
Tingkat Ketergantungan (Usability) E-learning di Fakultas Saitek UIN Walisongo Semarang
Authors: Mahfudh Adzhal Arwani , Rizki Favian Agung , Alfaza Ahilla Salma
Published: December 2020

Utilizing technology, especially the internet to support the teaching and learning process, is what happened in the 21st century. E-learning is one of the learning innovations in the network that allows users to access material or collect assignments online. The benefits of e-learning are so numerous and can help lectures, users can access anywhere without being limited by space and time. The method used is descriptive research, which in its implementation consists of data collection, analysis and interpretation of the meaning of the data obtained. . This study aims to determine the level of usability or usability that exists on the e-leraning website of UIN WALISONGO Saintek Faculty, whether the system has been made that meets the usability criteria or not, in terms of Learnability, Efficiency, Memorability, Errors, and Satisfaction. After conducting research, the authors obtain data that e-learning meets usability criteria seen from the data in the field that is the result of the survey. So, Walisongo e-learning can be used as a support for learning effectively and efficiently.
Numerical simulation of three-dimensional hydrodynamic characteristics and pollutant diffusion behavior by ROMS model
Authors: Ren Jing , Ge Chazhong , Hao Chunxu , Hu Rui , Cui Kefu , Peng Chen , Zhou Quan , Yu Aiyu , Xu He , Liu Shiqing , Li Feng
Published: December 2020

Based on the ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) model, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model and a convection diffusion model are built in this paper. The three-dimensional tidal current model is intended to reflect the distribution characteristics of the tidal level and the flow field of water with different depths of the Bohai Bay. On this basis, a water exchange correlation matrix is adopted to analyze the water exchange characteristics of the offshore area of Binzhou City in the offshore planning functional area of Bohai Bay. Considering the functional planning of the offshore area of Binzhou city, the paper simulates how COD and NH4+-N in the water discharged from the sewage outfall of the city migrate and disperse under tidal current. In this way, the paper concludes the concentration distribution patterns of pollutants at different times. The results serve as basis and reference to delimitation of environmental management and control unit demarcation in Binzhou nearshore.
Machine learning method for quick identification of water quality index (WQI) based on Sentinel-2 MSI data: Ebinur Lake case study
Authors: Li Xiaohang , Ding Jianli , Ilyas Nurmemet
Published: December 2020

Surface water quality is an important factor affecting the ecological environment and human living environment. The monitoring of surface water quality by remote sensing monitoring technology can provide important research significance for water resources protection and water quality evaluation. Finding the optimal spectral index sensitive to water quality for remote sensing monitoring of water quality is extremely important for surface water quality analysis and treatment in the Ebinur Lake Basin in arid areas. This study used Sentinel-2MSI data at 10 m resolution to quickly monitor the water quality of the watershed. Through laboratory experiments and measurement data from the Ebinur Lake Basin, 22 water quality parameters (WQPs) were obtained. Through Z-score and redundancy analysis, 9 WQPs with significant contributions were extracted. Based on the remote sensing spectral band, four water indexes (NDWI, NWI, EWI, AWEI-nsh) and 2D modeling spectral index (DI, RI, NDI), the correlation analysis between WQPs and two kinds of spectral band indexes is carried out, and it is concluded that the overall correlation between WQP and 2D spectral modeling is more relevant. This paper calculates the evaluation and models the 2D spectrum of the Water Quality Index (WQI). The WQI is predicted and modeled through four machine learning algorithms (RF, SVM, PLSR, PLSR-SVM).The results show that the inversion effect of the two-dimensional spectral modeling index on water quality parameters (WQPs) is superior to that of the water index, and the correlation coefficient of the DI (R12-R1) SWIR-2 and BLUE band interpolation index reaches 0.787. On this basis, three kinds of two-dimensional spectral modeling indexes are used to inversely synthesize the WQI, and the correlation coefficient of the ratio index of the RI (R11/R8) SWIR-1 and near-infrared (NIR) bands is preferably 0.69. In the WQI prediction, the partial least squares regression support vector machine (PLSR-SVM) model in machine learning algorithms has good modeling and prediction effects (R2c = 0.873, R2v = 0.87), which can provide a good basis. The research results provide references for remote monitoring of surface water in arid areas, and provide a basis for water quality prediction and safety evaluation.
A study on the influence of pH changes during catalytic ozonation process on alumina, zeolites and activated carbons for the decolorization of Reactive Red-241
Authors: Sajjad Samra , Ikhlaq Amir , Javed Farhan , Ahmad Syed Waqas , Qi Fei
Published: December 2020

The current study focuses on a prime effect of pH changes in the catalytic ozonation process (COP) by using three main classes of catalysts such as zeolites (alumina-silicates), alumina (metal oxides), and activated carbons for decolorization of Reactive Red 241 (RR-241). The role of pH changes, point of zero charges and the effect of catalyst dose on pH change was studied. The results reveal that the overall removal efficiency of RR-241 in the case of COPs was the highest compared with single ozonation process (at pH = 7 the efficiency was 80, 65 65.5 and 60% for AC/O3, Al2O3/O3, Zeolite/O3 and O3 respectively). At initial acidic pH 4, the highest pH variations in COPs and ozonation processes were observed. Moreover, the pH changes were not found to be significant near the point of zero charges of materials (pHpzc = 6.8, 8.4 and 8.8 for zeolite, activated carbons and Al2O3, respectively. The COP in the presence of activated carbon shows the highest removal efficiency (82%) at pH 7. The material dose effect indicates that increasing the amount of catalyst (from 1 gm to 2 gm) significantly leads to a change in the pH of the solution. Results reveal the prominent effect and significance of pH changes on the efficiency of COP to determine true catalytic efficiency.
AVALIAÇÃO QUALITATIVA DO PATRIMÔNIO GEOMORFOLÓGICO DO SPIT DE GALINHOS, PORÇÃO NORTE DA ZONA COSTEIRA DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
Authors: Silva Maria das Vitórias da , Lima Zuleide Maria Carvalho , Nascimento Marcos Antônio Leite do
Published: December 2020

Na década de 1990, no auge das discussões a respeito da exploração dos recursos naturais e da busca pelo desenvolvimento sustentável, surge o termo geodiversidade. Inicialmente o mesmo foi utilizado nos estudos geológicos e geomorfológicos para descrever características físicas do planeta. Desde então, pesquisas desenvolveram-se com o objetivo de apresentar às sociedades elementos abióticos com importância científica, educativa, turística, cultural, econômica, entre outras. Nessa perspectiva destaca-se o litoral, composto por elementos de beleza cênica indiscutível, que promove o desenvolvimento de atividades focadas na apreciação de elementos geomorfológicos como dunas, praias, falésias, por exemplo. Assim, esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o Patrimônio Geomorfológico do spit de Galinhos-RN, representada por elementos abióticos com características inerentes à temática apresentada. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e análise de fotografias da área para a seleção dos elementos e a inventariação, realizada por meio da aplicação da ficha de caracterização da geodiversidade. Com isso, concluiu-se que o spit de Galinhos é composto de elementos representativos da geodiversidade local como praias, dunas e recifes que se configuram como fundamentais para o desenvolvimento econômico do município em função, principalmente, da atividade turística.
Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, ADMET and Molecular Docking Studies of Some Quinoline-Pyrimidine Hybrid Compounds: 3-(2-Amino-6-arylpyrimidin-4- yl)-4-hydroxy-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Toan Duong Ngoc , Thanh Nguyen Dinh , Truong Mai Xuan , Van Dinh Thuy
Published: December 2020

Aims:

This study aims are the synthesis of 3-(2-amino-6-arylpyrimidin-4-yl)-4-hydroxy-1- methylquinolin-2(1H)-ones and estimation their anticancer activities on HepG2 and KB cancer lines.

Background:

Many derivatives of quinoline-2-on have been interested to synthesize and evaluate their biological properties by organic chemists due to their various biological effects, including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer activities. Quinoline-pyrimidine hybrid compounds exhibited various biological activities, such as antituberculosis, antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal, etc. The connection of 4-hydroxyquinoline-2-one with 2-amino-pyrimidine could initiate the new activities.

Objective:

α,β-Unsaturated ketones of 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-N-methylquinolin-2-one were prepared. Novel 2-amino-6-aryl-4-(4′-hydroxy-N-methylquinolin-2′-on-3′-yl)pyrimidines have been synthesized by reaction of these corresponding α,β-unsaturated ketones with guanidine hydrochloride. Human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and squamous cell carcinoma KB cancer lines were used for screening their cytotoxicity.

Results:

Seven substituted (E)-4-hydroxy-3-(3-(aryl)acryloyl)-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-ones were prepared and converted to corresponding substituted 2-amino-6-aryl-4-(4′-hydroxy-N-methylquinolin- 2′-on-3′-yl)pyrimidines with yields of 58−74%. All the synthesized pyrimidines were screened for their in vitro anticancer activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and squamous cell carcinoma KB cancer lines. Compounds 6b and 6e had the best activity in the series, with IC50 values equal to 1.32 and 1.33 μM, respectively. ADMET properties showed that compounds 6b, 6e, and 6f possessed the drug-likeness behavior. Cross-docking results indicated that residues GLN778(A), DT8(C), DT9(D), DA12(F), and DG13(F) in the binding pocket as potential ligand binding hot-spot residues for compounds 6b, 6e, and 6f.

Conclusion:

New substituted 2-amino-6-aryl-4-(4′-hydroxy-N-methylquinolin-2′-on-3′-yl)pyrimidines were obtained and displayed significant inhibition against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and squamous cell carcinoma KB cancer lines.
Thyroid Cancer and Nodules in Graves’ Disease: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Casella Claudio , Morandi Riccardo , Verrengia Apollonia , Galani Alessandro , Molfino Sarah , Cuka Dhimiter , Groppo Giacomo , Cappelli Carlo , Portolani Nazario
Published: December 2020

Background:

The existence of a link between Graves’ Disease (GD) and Thyroid Cancer
(TC) has long been investigated, however a clear pathogenic correlation is yet to be found.

Methods:

In this study we analyzed retrospectively a cohort of 151 patients treated at our clinic
with total thyroidectomy between 2013 and 2018. All the patients were symptomatic at the time of
surgery, preoperatively ultrasonographic (US) study was performed to evaluate the presence of nodules
and their distribution. All patients reached euthyroid state before surgery.

Objective:

We verified the presence of TC in patients submitted to surgery for GD, both with and
without thyroid nodules (TN).

Results:

Nodules were detected in 53% of cases, above 60 years of age, at least one nodule was
found; however, younger patients were mostly nodules free. Bilateral diffusion of nodules appeared
with increasing age. Cancer was found in 19 of 151 subjects (12.5%), all were papillary carcinomas,
and among them 93% were microcarcinomas. Among cancer-proven patients, 14 had thyroid
nodules while 5 were nodule-free. During the follow up period, no cancer recurrence was recorded.
The most common complication after surgery was transient hypocalcemia (36%).

Conclusions:

Graves’ patients are burdened by major incidence of TC in the context of their TN.
Pre-operative assessment in GD patients should consider the risk of cancer, US scan can help in
rapid evaluation of nodules and new rising frontiers in molecular biomarkers analysis may help
defining pathogenic basis of Graves’ neoplastic development.
Analysis of Chemical Composition by GC-MS and In-vitro Antidiabetic Activity
of Azadirachta Indica Leaves Collected from Erbil, Iraq
Authors: Ahamad Javed , Uthirapathy Subasini , Anwer Esra T. , Amee Muath Sh. Mohammed , Hussain Faiq H.S.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Azadirachta indica (Neem) is an important medicinal plant that is traditionally known for its insecticidal, and antimicrobial properties.

Objective:

The objective of present study was to evaluate the in-vitro antidiabetic activity and characterize the chemical
constituents of Neem extract.

Materials and Methods:

The chemical constituents in ethyl acetate extract of the Neem leaves was determined by GC-MS
and the in-vitro antidiabetic activity of Neem extract was evaluated via inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes.

Results:

The ethyl acetate extract of Neem yielded 49 chemical compounds and these constituents amounting to 97.07% of
total Neem leaf extract composition. The major chemical components of the Neem were octadecanoic acid (7.17%), propyl
tetracosyl ether (5.35%), 1-decanol, 2-octyl (5.01%), hexadecane (4.70%), tricosane (4.73%), octadecane, 1-chloro (4.65%),
and linolenic acid (4.35%). The Neem extract produces dose dependent-inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes
ranging from 21.67±2.81 to 75.82±3.44% and 17.04±4.43 to 58.44±1.21% for concentration 31.25 to 1000 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values for Neem extract and acarbose were 165.53±2.75 and 91.04±2.16 µg/mL, respectively against the
α-amylase enzyme. The IC50 values for Neem extract and acarbose were 210.08±2.16 and 120.05±2.16 µg/mL, respectively
against the α-glucosidase enzyme.

Conclusion:

The study findings suggested that Neem may be used as drug candidate in the management of post prandial
hyperglycemia.
Repositioning of Drugs as a Promising Strategy to Fight COVID-19
Authors: Yadav Vivek , Reang Jurnal , Sharma Vinita , Majeed Jaseela , Jambulingam Swaminathan , Goyal Ramesh , Tonk Rajiv Kumar
Published: December 2020

Background and Objective:

With the initial case of corona reported in Wuhan, China
on 31st December 2020, there has been an unprecedented rise in the coronavirus disease
(COVID-19), with over 200 countries all across the world in less than 3 months. By the October
2020, about 40 million population of the world got infected and over one million deaths occurred.
Since no WHO and FDA approved medications or vaccines for COVID-19 were available, there
was an impatient bustling need to develop a drug for the treatment. Drug repurposing emerged as
the easiest and fast emerging strategy to get medicine for COVID-19 with rapid approvals for the
clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the status of drug repurposing under the
clinical and its impact on the development of medicine for COVID-19.

Methodology:

The study was undertaken to review various clinical trials from the website.
www.clinicaltrials.gov . We evaluated 220 ongoing clinical trials with the strategy of ‘drug repurposing’
against COVID-19, analyzed them as per their chemical structure and possible biological
targets.

Results:

It was noticed that some of the early repurposed drugs like chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine,
ACE inhibitors and ARBs, did not succeed and remained controversial. While many of the
antiviral drugs like remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir, ritonavir, oseltamivir could be taken for the
clinical trials in various countries, remdesivir could succeed to a great extent as compared to other
drugs. WHO has come up with an initiative known as multi-country ‘Solidarity Trial’ for developing
a potential drug or therapy against COVID-19.However, the most preferred drugs used for repurposing
like hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir have not shown predictable results in solidarity
trials.

Conclusions:

The analyses of several ongoing and partially concluded clinical trials suggest that
drug repurposing can be one of the major strategies for the treatment of COVID-19. Further, guidelines
framed by the WHO through Infection Prevention and Control for monitoring the widespread
of this COVID-19 across the world is another aggressive attempt to find the solution for the treatment
for COVID-19.
KERAGAMAN JENIS DAN POPULASI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA DALAM BERBAGAI KELOMPOK UMUR PINUS TUMPANGSARI KOPI DI UB FOREST
Authors: Arifin Achmad Jauhar , Prasetya Budi , Kurniawan Syahrul
Published: December 2020

Differences in tree age and cropping systems may influence the microbial diversity, including fungal species and population. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity, of species and population of arbuscular mycorrhiza spores and the relationship between the number of arbuscular mycorrhiza spores and the soil chemical properties in different pine age group and coffee as an intercropping system at sloped areas. The study was conducted from April to July 2017. The study used a survey method with 5 age groups (KU) and three replications. The study was divided into 3 stages: 1). collection of soil and root samples, as well as measuring plot characteristics (i.e. basal area, canopy cover, standing litter mass); 2). Measurement of Mycorrhizal in the laboratory (spore extraction, spore identification, root colony percentage analysis); 3). Soil Chemical Analysis (pH, total P, available P). All data was tabulated, and tested using ANOVA with Randomized Block Design. If there is a significantly different, a further LSD test is performed with a level of 5%. Correlation and regression tests were performed to determine the relationship between parameters. The results showed that there were significant differences in the parameters of canopy density, number of genus spores of Acaulospora 100 g-1 soil, Soil pH, and total P in the soil. However, the study was unable to detect significant differences in, other parameters, such as root infection, number population of Glomus and Gigaspore, available P, etc.. The correlation test showed that the increase in the age group of the coffee intercropping system did not correlate with the number of arbuscular mycorrhizae in each plot observed. The number of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Spores in each age group of intercropping pine did not correlate with the soil's chemical properties (pH, P-Total, P-Available).
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BIOCHAR TERHADAP BEBERAPA SIFAT BIOKIMIA TANAH DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH PADA LAHAN TERCEMAR RESIDU PESTISIDA
Authors: Airlangga Sonni Senna Dimas , Munir Mochammad , Poniman P
Published: December 2020

The production of shallots in Brebes has not been significantly free from the use of chemical pesticides. Preventive land contaminated with pesticides needs to be done, one of which is through the improvement of polluted land using biochar. The study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of the effect of urea plus nano biochar and urea plus biochar enriched by microbial consortia on the status of C-organic, pH, and soil microbial populations and their effects on profenofos residues. The experiment was designed with a Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments including: P (without biochar and microbes), B (Urea plus biochar), BM (Urea plus biochar and microbial), NB (Urea plus nano biochar), NBM (Non-biochar and microbial) Urea added with nano biochar and microbes), and repeated 4 times, so that the number of research units was 20 units. The microbes used in enriching urea plus biochar are microbial consortia, Stenotrophomonas maltophilla, Achromobacter denitrificans, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiengsis and Bacillus aryabathai. The results of the study include, the administration of urea plus biochar and nano biochar with microbial consortia did not have a significant effect on pH, C-organics, soil microbial populations and profenofos residues. At 35 and 63 DAP the highest pH of treatment B was 5.84, and 6.53. Organic C-35 and 63 DAP at low criteria are 1.12 - 1.30%. The highest microbial population of 35 and 63 DAP in treatment B was 485 x 106. The highest growth rate of plant length in the BM treatment with a value of 6.06 cm week-1, while the growth rate of the number of leaves in the BM treatment had a higher yield compared to other treatments , with a value of 2.88 strands week-1.
PENGARUH APLIKASI PUPUK SULFUR DAN JUMLAH SIUNG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.) SERTA RESIDU SULFUR DI INCEPTISOL KARANGPLOSO
Authors: Hanifah Balqis Noor , Suntari Retno , Baswarsiati B
Published: December 2020

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a plant that is often used by Indonesian people in various ways. One of the reasons for the low productivity of garlic in Indonesia is the insufficient use of superior varieties and low S elements in the soil. Furthermore, the use of the number of cloves planted per planting hole will determine the number of populations so that it will affect the growth and production of garlic. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of S fertilizer and the number of cloves on the growth and production of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and also analysis S residue from S fertilizer and number of cloves. This study used a randomized block design with nine treatment combinations, three levels of sulfur fertilizer doses (0 kg S ha-1, 140 kg S ha-1 and 200 kg S ha-1) and the number of cloves (1 clove, 2 cloves and 3 cloves). The results showed that the application of sulfur fertilizer and the number of cloves had no significant effect on growth parameters (plant height and number of leaves) in garlic plants. However, it significantly increased the diameter of bulbs, fresh bulbs weight and dry bulbs weight respectively by 13.39%, 140.72% and 93.64% to 24.29 mm, 5.97 g plant-1 and 4.57 g plant-1 in the treatment of one number of clove and 140 kg of S ha-1 compared to the treatment of one clove and without S. As well as significant effect on SO42- residues and total S with the highest yield respectively 299.3 ppm and 910 ppm and the lowest yield was obtained in the treatment without S fertilizer.
THE NEW CLASH OF GENERATIONS
Authors: Dores António Pedro , Silva Marta de Sousa e
Published: December 2020

Unlike in the sixties, today's clash of generations is not about creating (post-)materialistic values. It is about human species survival. The fear of decay (of the Empire through war) and the hope of revolution ( coming back a new to a starting configuration) are similar. Social State´s financial sustainability or the new generation of energy sources are partial problems. How to have justice for all, including the environment?, that´s a global problem. The main and also repressed question is about how  climate change will  impose new ways of living on us all.Political and cognitive alienation from the main human problems is pushing emotional responses in different directions. Alienation closes political systems from population and from it springs populist irrationality in politics, racist and sexist scapegoating, consumers street uprisings, etc. Considering the regulatory function of the law over technology, social exclusion, war, one can assess the way modern law focuses on intergeneration relationships and how a healthy environment has been dismissed as a human right. For this propose one will consider the ongoing legal attempts to criminalize ecocide.
BENS, MALES E (e)(E)STADOS (IN)CONSTITUCIONAIS: socialidade e liberdades(s). Notas sobre uma pandemia
Authors: Loureiro João Carlos
Published: December 2020

A pandemia que se abateu sobre o mundo levanta uma multiplicidade de questões jurídicas. Privilegiando uma perspetiva constitucional, sustenta-se que:  1) As situações de emergência não têm necessariamente de ser enquadradas por via do estado de exceção;  2) Se a liberdade real aponta para dimensões de socialidade, em parte expressas em sede de direitos económicos, sociais e culturais, a socialidade é também fundamento da restrição da própria liberdade, num mundo em que cresce a diferença entre “espaço vital dominado”, aquele que a pessoa controla por si, e o “espaço vital efetivo” (Forsthoff), aquele onde decorre a sua existência, cada vez mais dependente de serviços públicos, os tradicionais e os novos (v.g., Internet); 3) As respostas no plano estatal, continuando a ser decisivas (para o bem e para o mal), revelam a sua insuficiência, exigindo-se o desenvolvimento interorganizacional e internormativo (com uma zona interconstitucional). A internormatividade é, pois, modelo a aprofundar (especialmente, no caso português, na lógica dos “grandes espaços”, em particular da União Europeia e da lusofonia, tendo presente o cruzamento de histórias), recusando-se um conjunto de tentações (panótica, pan-europeia, panmundial).
CRISES, PANDEMIA E DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS: o perigo nas interseções
Authors: Carvalho Filho José dos Santos
Published: December 2020

O objetivo das presentes considerações é o de fazer breve análise sobre os efeitos de crises profundas, como a pandemia da COVID-19, sobre o regime democrático e, especialmente, sobre a garantia dos direitos fundamentais, incluindo o de liberdade. Em tais situações, pode ocorrer a atuação restritiva do Estado, com ordens de fazer (facere) e de não fazer (non facere) às pessoas. É preciso reconhecer, porém, a tênue membrana que separa a legitimidade da ilegitimidade das medidas. Cabível, então, é o socorro ao princípio da proporcionalidade.