bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sleep disturbance and its effect on academic performance among students of a medical college of Tripura
Authors: Datta Anjan , Nag Kaushik , Karmakar Nabarun , Chakrabarty Tamal , Tripura Kaushik , Bhattacharjee Partha
Published: December 2018

Background: Sleep deprivation may have grave health consequences; resulting in increasing disease morbidity and mortality. Sleep disturbance have also been affected academic performance of medical students. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of sleep disturbance and association between sleep disturbance and academic performance of medical students, if any.Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in the month of March 2018 among 203 medical students of Tripura Medical College and Dr. B.R.A.M. Teaching Hospital. Probability Proportionate to Sample Size (PPS) was used to determine the number of students required from each semester. Students selected by simple random sampling from each semester were interviewed by a pre-designed, pre-tested interview schedule designed based on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data was represented in percentages in tables, charts and Chi square test was applied. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Mean age of the medical student was 21.36±1.96 years. Present study showed, 57% students were complaining of disturbed sleep. Students who felt sleepy during daytime (72.4%) were struggling more during exam compared to students not feeling sleepy (51.7%), which was statistically significant. Study revealed, students who got average mark in last semester exam were most affected with disturbed sleep (66.3%) followed by students who got good marks (53.5%) and poor marks (50%).Conclusions: Prevalence of sleep disturbance was very high among medical students. Male students were much more affected compared to female students. Sleep disturbance has also affected academic performance of students.
Prevalence and determinants of cessation of exclusive breastfeeding among primi-para rural Indian mothers
Authors: Mohite Rajsinh V. , Kshirsagar Vinayak Y. , Mohite Vaishali R.
Published: December 2018

Background: Breast milk is first, natural and nutritious food for newborn that promote sensory and cognitive development as well as protect against infectious and chronic diseases. The aim and objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and to point out determinants of cessation of exclusive breastfeeding among rural primi-para mothers.Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study conducted at rural tertiary health centre located Western Maharashtra, India in the month of November-December 2017. A total of 140 breastfeeding primi-para mothers were enrolled and interviewed by utilizing pretested questionnaire include socio-demographic data, obstetric and breastfeeding history after written consent. Data were analyzed for inferential statistics using SPSS Version 21.Results: Among 140 eligible mothers, max. 84.2% were in age group 18-24 years with high proportions, 72.8% housewives, 90% literate and 75.7% with joint family structure. Max. 92.1% mothers were institutionally delivered. The overall prevalence of cessation of exclusive breastfeeding was 22.85% with gradual and sudden cessation was 20% and 2.85% respectively. Maternal determinants like insufficient breast milk secretion (37.5%), maternal sickness (12.5%) were highly contributed for cessation of breastfeeding whereas, infant illness, 12.5% respectively. The nuclear family structure, caesarean delivery and low birth weight baby were significantly associated with cessation of exclusive breastfeeding. The risk of cessation of exclusive breastfeeding is of 4.5 and 2.5 times higher with maternal nuclear family structure and infant with low birth weight.Conclusions: Prevalence of cessation of exclusive breastfeeding was low among primi-para mothers residing in rural area of western Maharashtra, India. The nuclear family structure, low birth weight baby have had significant effect on cessation of exclusive breastfeeding.
A study on prevalence of dry eyes among menopausal women attending a tertiary care centre in Hyderabad, Telangana
Authors: Kumar Gokul Vinod , . Asma , Praneetha Gokul , Pandharpurkar Apoorva , Prasad Bhavan , Pavani G. , Vasavi T. , Naik Abhishek
Published: December 2018

Background: Dry eye syndrome arises due to chronic lack of sufficient lubrication and moisture on the surface of the eye. Symptoms of dry eye syndrome includes burning sensation, itchy eyes, blurred vision, and fatigued eyes, redness of eyes, gritty and dry eye sensation / foreign body sensation. Studies reveal that post-menopausal women are at greater risk of developing dry eyes than men of same age. Aims and objectives were to determine the prevalence of dry eye syndrome among post-menopausal women at tertiary care center, Hyderabad and to assess the socio-demographic factors related to dry eye syndrome among study population.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out from March to June 2017 among post-menopausal women attending Gandhi Hospital, in Hyderabad, Telangana. A convenient sample of 200 post-menopausal women was taken. Schirmer’s test was used to determine presence of dry eyes.Results: The mean age of study population was found to be 51.66±5.8 years. The mean age of onset of menopause in study subjects was 45.63±1.8 years. The prevalence of dry eye syndrome was found to be 39.5%. Mild dryness of eyes was most common among study subjects (20.5%). Prevalence of dry eyes increased with age and had significant association.Conclusions:Dry eye syndrome is not a life threatening disease, but causes ocular discomfort and compromises quality of life. If neglected, can even lead to blindness and debility due to complications arising due to dry eye.
Community based study of reproductive tract infections among women of the reproductive age group in a rural community of Eastern India
Authors: Das Sulagna , Dasgupta Aparajita
Published: December 2018

Background: RTI/STIs have a profound impact on sexual and reproductive health worldwide, the symptoms of which often goes unnoticed and women suffers from devastating consequences. The present study was conducted to analyse the prevalence of RTIs based on a syndromic approach among women of 15 to 49 years age, supported by both laboratory and clinical diagnosis to measure the actual magnitude of morbidity associated with RTIs among the study population. The objective of the study were to study the prevalence of reproductive tract infection among the women of reproductive age group (15-49 years), to find out the etiological diagnosis and to assess the socio-demographic profile of the study population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 312 women aged 15-44 years in a rural area in West Bengal, using the WHO-Syndromic Approach for diagnosis and management of RTIs/STIs.Results: The prevalence of RTIs among the reproductive age group women was 43.6% based on their symptoms of RTI, with majority having abnormal vaginal discharge. According to laboratory investigations the most common cause of RTI was bacterial vaginosis which was 67.4% (using Amsel’s criteria) and 31.7% (as per Nugent’s score), followed by Vulvovaginal candidiasis which was found in 12.4%.Conclusions: RTI among women of reproductive age is quite a common morbidity.It is the need of the hour to educate women about reproductive health issues and encourage them to seek treatment for their problems and wherever possible both clinical and laboratory findings should corroborate self reported morbidity to know the exact prevalence of any disease in the community.
A study to assess and develop injection administration skill in medical undergraduates of GMC, Bhopal
Authors: Bhatia Padma , Sawlani Harshima , Tarachandani Rajesh
Published: December 2018

Background: Injections are one of the vital route of drug administration in emergency medical practice. WHO has estimated that out of 12 billion injections administered worldwide annually 50% are unsafe and 75% are unnecessary. Despite of humungous efforts medical students still lack the confidence in injecting drugs due to stress for post graduation selection. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge of students regarding administration of I.M. and I.V. injections; to make students confident and skilful about administration of I.M. and I.V. injections and to assess the proportion of students who can skilfully administer I.V. and I.M. before and after this intervention.Methods: This was a Quasi experimental study carried out on 150 students of junior final medical students of GMC Bhopal for a period of three months.Results: Out of effective 136 students, 93.4% had ever seen I.M./ I.V. administration. 29.4% have administered I.M. and 16.9% I.V. injection ever. A significant increase in knowledge regarding I.M. and I.V. administration technique is observed following interventional training of the participants. Significant gain in self confidence among the students was perceived.Conclusions: There was a convincing increase in skillful knowledge and self-confidence for parenteral injection technique among medical undergraduates.
Occupational stress among female police officers in an urban setting in South Kerala
Authors: S. Vivek , Varghese Rosin George , S. Neethumol K. , S. Sameena S. , S. Reju R. , James Priya , Rasheed Rashik , H. Shereena V. , S. Vijaysankar
Published: December 2018

Background: Occupational stress is regarded as one of the major health hazards of modern workplace, with policing (law enforcement) being no exception. Women police officers are gradually increasing in numbers in the country and they are believed to experience more stress than their male counterpart. Hence this study was conducted with the objectives of estimating prevalence of occupational stress among female police personals in terms of operational and organizational stress and to identify the causes for these stress as perceived by them.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 50 female police officers working in various police stations of Thiruvananthapuram city, selected by simple random sampling, during the period May 2018 to July 2018,using a pre tested semi structured questionnaire based on operational police stress questionnaire (PSQ-OP) and organizational police stress questionnaire (PSQ-ORG). The data was properly coded and entered in Microsoft excel and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.Results: Mean age of the study population was 38.07 years (SD=5.714 years) and majority (64%) belonged to middle socioeconomic class. Perceived organizational and operational stress prevalence among the study population was as high as 80% (40 % experienced moderate stress and 40% experienced high stress) and 90% (high stress reported by 70 % and moderate stress by 20%) respectively. The most common stressor reported for organizational stress was staff shortage (74%) and that for operational stress was finding time to stay in good physical condition (76%).Conclusions: High prevalence of occupational stress calls for immediate attention from the officials.
Menstrual hygiene and practices among adolescent girls in rural Visakhapatnam: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Madhavi K. V. Phani , Paruvu Kranthi
Published: December 2018

Background: Adolescent girls constitute 1/5th of total female population in the world. Poor personal hygiene and defective menstrual management practices among adolescents give rise to repeated reproductive tract infections (RTIs) which are otherwise preventable. So the present study was undertaken to study the knowledge, status of hygiene and practices regarding menstruation among adolescent girls. The objectives of the study were to study the knowledge and practices of menstrual hygiene among study population and to identify beliefs, perception regarding menstruation and menstrual practices among the study population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in the month of November 2017 in the rural field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam. The study was done in a high school selected by simple random sampling among 400 adolescent girls who had attained menarche and were present in the schools during the days of survey after obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee approval, permission from the school authority and informed consent was taken from study participants. The sample size was calculated Using 4PQ/L2   with 5% absolute precision (p=36% from previous studies).Results: Mean age of study participants was 14.2yrs ±1.05. About 206(48.4%) knew about menstrual cycle before their menarche. Majority of study participants (78.3%) used sanitary pad as protective material. Regarding hygienic practices during menstruation 78.8% had daily bath.Conclusions: Awareness about menarche before its onset was still poor in rural areas.
TAXONOMIC STRUCTURE OF PROKARYOTIC COMMUNITIES IN SOILS OF DIFFERENT BIOCLIMATIC ZONES
Authors: Tikhonovich I. A. , Chernov T. I. , Zhelezova A. D. , Tkhakakhova A. K. , Andronov E. E. , Kutovaya O. V.
Published: December 2018

Using high-throughput sequencing, we performed a full-profile analysis of the taxonomic structure and diversity of prokaryotic communities of zonal soil series: sod-podzolic, dark gray, typical chernozem, brown soil, meadow-chestnut soil and solonets. Phyla Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia formed up to 95% of prokaryotic communities in all studied soil horizons. Phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria and archaeal phylum Thaumarchaeota dominated in all soils. We revealed the trends of changes in the representation of bacterial phyla in the soils of the zonal range from taiga to dry-steppe: a decrease of Acidobacteria and an increase of Actinobacteria in the upper horizons. The diversity indices of the prokaryotic communities of different genetic horizons of the studied soils were evaluated. In all soils, a decrease in diversity indices with the depth of the horizon was revealed. In all soils, a decrease in diversity indices with depth of the horizon was found, with a rare and slight increase in some lower horizons: structural metamorphic (BM), textural (BT) or accumulative carbonate (BCA) horizons. When examining the prokaryotic communities of soils with different genesis, no determining influence of pH and organic matter contents on the diversity indices was found. Differences in the taxonomic structure and diversity of prokaryotic communities of soils of different bioclimatic zones were presented due to a combination of factors: the difference in chemical and physical properties of soils, as well as in water and temperature conditions.
TRANSFORMATION OF OPEN SOIL SURFACE UNDER THE IMPACT OF RAINFALL IN MODEL EXPERIMENT
Authors: Vindeker G. V. , Prudnikova E. Yu. , Savin I. Yu.
Published: December 2018

During the model experiment we exposed samples from surface layer of leached chernozem, grey forest and soddy-podzolic soils to study the impact of raindrop action on their surface. According to our results, surface of leached chernozem and grey forest soil transformed similarly forming the crust separated by the cracks. The crust consisted of light (washed silt fraction) and dark (compacted fine material) areas. As for the soddy-podzilic soil, we observed surface accumulation of sand and washed mineral grains. Surface image classification showed that cracks generally tended to increase in area during the surface drying. However, leached chernozem cracked quicker and heavier compared to grey forest soil. In addition, the proportion between light and dark areas of the crust for these two types of soil changed differently as well. In conditions of different transformation cycles divided by heavy rainfalls, the changes of cracks position and the increase of light crust area was observed, while dark area moved to the cracks. Such spatial rearrangement resulted in the increase of average reflectance in RGB channels. The inequality between reflectance in different channels increased as well. During the experiment significant surface lightening occurred. It mainly affected the light area of crust and led to significant rise in reflectance in red channel.
THE SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF SOIL SALINITY AT THE YOUNG SALINE COASTAL PLAIN OF THE CASPIAN REGION
Authors: Konyushkova M. V. , Alavipanah S. , Abdollahi A. , Hamzeh S. , Heidari A. , Lebedeva M. P. , Nukhimovskaya Yu. D. , Semenkov I. N. , Chernov T. I.
Published: December 2018

The study is focused on the pattern of soil salinity at the young loamy coastal plains of the Caspian Sea in Russia and Iran which were released from water less than 300 years ago. At two key sites of 45×30 m (Russia) and 25×20 m (Iran), the soil sampling with 1 to 5 m grid was performed to the depth of 1 m. The electrical conductivity (1 : 2.5) was measured in soil samples and soil sa-linity maps were compiled. Soils are represented by solonchaks with 2–3% of salts in the top layer or highly saline soils partly leached in the upper 5–10 cm. The ground water table is shallow (2–2.5 m). The studied sites are different in terms of climate, microtopography, and vegetation cover but spatial differentiation of soil salinity is quite similar what is evidenced from the similar distributions (mean values and variance) of electrical conductivity in almost all studied depths. The redistribution of salts is mainly observed in the upper 50 cm with the maximal manifestation in the upper 5 cm.
Tuş Vuruş Dinamikleri ile Klavye Kullanım Stiline Dayalı Kullanıcı Tanıma
Authors: Mayda İslam , Demir İbrahim
Published: December 2018

İnternet

siteleri ve internet tabanlı sistemlerde kullanıcılara özel olarak açılan

hesaplara, yine kullanıcılara özel şifrelerle giriş sağlanmaktadır. Ancak, bu

şifreler çeşitli şekillerde başkaları tarafından ele geçirilebilmekte ve hesabın

gerçek sahibi dışındaki kişiler de bu hesaplara girebilmektedir. Bu durumu

önlemek üzere güvenliğin bir kat daha arttırılması için bu çalışmada, şifreyle

birlikte kullanıcıların klavye kullanım stilinin de kullanılabileceği

önerilmektedir. Çalışmada, bir denek grubu ile yapılan testlerin sonuçları

sunularak, değerlendirmeler paylaşılmıştır. Yüksek bir başarı oranı ile klavye

kullanım stiline dayalı olarak kullanıcıları tanımanın mümkün olduğu

gösterilmiştir. Kullanıcı tanımada sınıflandırma başarısını arttırmak için

birden fazla verinin birleştirilerek tek bir veri olarak kullanılmasının mümkün

olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Birleştirilmiş verilerin kullanıldığı sistemlerde yeni

bir kullanıcı için sisteme çok daha az sayıda veri girişi yaptırarak sistemin

yeni kullanıcıyı öğrenmesinin sağlanabileceği gösterilmiştir.
Diyarbakır Ekolojik Koşullarında Farklı Ekim Zamanı ve Ekim Sıklığının Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.)’un Bazı Tarımsal Özelliklerine Etkisi
Authors: TÜRK Zübeyir , POLAT Tahir
Published: December 2018

Bu
çalışma, 1995-96 ve 1996-97 vejetasyon yıllarında Diyarbakır ekolojik
koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, Diyar-95 nohut çeşidi kullanılmıştır.
Çalışmada, 5 farklı ekim zamanı (15 Kasım, 15 Aralık, 15 Ocak, 15 Şubat ve 15
Mart) ve 5 farklı ekim sıklığı (22.2, 27.7, 33.3, 38.8 ve 44.4 bitki m-2)’nın
Diyar-95 nohut çeşidinin bazı tarımsal özellikleri üzerine etkileri
araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada denemeler, tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller
deneme desenine göre dört tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuş olup; ekim zamanları ana
parsellere, ekim sıklıkları ise alt parsellere yerleştirilmiştir. İki yıllık
ortalamalara göre, farklı ekim zamanlarına ait bitki başına verim 6.81-13.65 g, bitkide bakla
sayısı 16.77-28.56 adet bitki-1, bitkide tane sayısı 14.83-29.00 adet
bitki-1, baklada tane sayısı 0.89-1.03 adet bakla-1,
biyolojik verim 229.7-444.4
kg da-1, hasat indeksi % 47.58-49.82 ve 100
tane ağırlığı 39.08-41.78 g
arasında; farklı ekim sıklıklarına ait bitki başına verim 9.00-13.19 g, bitkide bakla sayısı
19.18-28.36 adet bitki-1, bitkide tane sayısı 18.25-27.90 adet bitki-1,
baklada tane sayısı 0.94-0.99 adet bakla-1, biyolojik verim 307.4-400.9 kg da-1,
hasat indeksi % 47.48-49.75 ve 100 tane ağırlığı 40.03-41.73 g arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır.
İki yıllık çalışma sonucunda, Diyar-95 nohut çeşidinin Diyarbakır ekolojik
koşullarında kışlık olarak ekilebileceği ve sıraya ekim yapılacak ise m2’ye
44.4 bitki düşecek şekilde ekim yapılmasının uygun olacağı kanısına varılmıştır.
İzmir İlindeki Üç Halk Pazarından Alınan Meyve ve Sebze Örneklerindeki Pestisit Kalıntı Miktarının Araştırılması
Authors: KAYA Tutku , TUNA Atilla Levent
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmada; İzmir ili Buca, Bornova ve Karşıyaka halk
pazarlarından rastgele toplanan toplam 42 adet meyve ve sebze [Asma yaprağı (Vitis vinifera), çilek (Fragaria ananassa), domates (Solanum lycopersicum), kiraz (Prunus avium), şeftali (Prunus persica), kabak (Cucurbita pepo), patlıcan (Solanum melongena), hıyar (Cucumis sativus), üzüm (Vitis vinifera), biber (Capsicum annuum), patates (Solanum tuberosum), portakal (Citrus sinensis), nar (Punica granatum) ve limon (Citrus limon)] örneğinde yaygın olarak
bulunan pestisit kalıntı düzeyleri araştırılmıştır. Numuneler; QuEChERS yöntemi
ile ekstrakte edilmiş, LC-MS/MS ve GC/MS cihazlarında pestisit etken maddeleri belirlenmiştir.
Analiz sonuçlarına göre; bulunan
kalıntı miktarları Türk Gıda Kodeksi ve Avrupa Birliği maksimum kalıntı miktarı (Maximum residue levels, MRL)’na göre değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, asma yaprağında bir fungisit türevi olan boscalid ve dimethomorph çok yüksek değerlerde çıkarken, myclobutanil ve penconazole
sınır değere yakın çıkmıştır. Portakalda bir insektisit olan fenvalarate ve esfenvalarate türevleri yüksek değerlerde çıkmıştır. Limonda ise
insektisit olan chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin ve pyriproxyfen türevleri yüksek değerlerde gözlenip, fenvalarate ve esfenvalarate türevleri ise sınır değerlere yakın bulunmuştur.
Diğer numunelerde pestisit değerleri limit düzeylerin altında kalmış, hatta
gözlenmemiştir. İncelenen 42 örneğin 35 adedinde limit düzeylerin üzerinde pestisit
kalıntısı bulunmamıştır.
MATERIAL SUPPORT FOR POOR CLERGY, WIDOWS AND ORPHANS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY (based on the materials of the Central Black Earth eparchies)
Authors: IKONNIKOV Sergey Anatolevich
Published: December 2018

In the post-reform period of Russian history, the material security of the parish clergy was one of the most discussed problem. Clergymen and prominent public figures noted that standard of living of the clergy had to be improved. Donations for private services were unstable and led to conflicts between clergymen and believers. But despite difficulties in material security of regular clergymen, the provision of poor priests and deacons was even worse. Dismissed for health reasons or old age clerics had no sources of income as well as widows and orphans. They could hope either for the help of their relatives, or for the activity of diocese charity organizations. On the basis of archival and published sources we analyze contribution of the Central Black Earth eparchies charity organizations to improvement of material security of the clergy in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. We come to a conclusion that eparchial charity organizations did not have sufficient material resources to help poor clerics, widows and orphans. However, the clergy, because of their poverty, were happy to receive even the smallest donations.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Achieving the Aspirations of the National Transformation Program 2020 and Saudi Vision 2030 Through Education
Authors: Mitchell Brendan , Alfuraih Abdulrahman
Published: December 2018

The research described and reported on in this article focuses on an analysis of the Saudi Arabian National Transformation Program 2020 and Saudi Vision 2030. The investigation involved a document analysis of these documents in order to identify the associated curriculum orientations within these documents to determine what the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is seeking to achieve and how it envisages achieving these aspirations through education development. The analysis revealed that the goals and aspirations of the Kingdom have increasingly become more clearly defined with attention to alignment between national education goals and economic development whilst ensuring that practices are consistent with Islamic beliefs. In brief, as evidenced in the documents, the analysis reveals that the imperative of the National Transformation Program 2020 and Saudi Vision 2030 is to establish a ‘Saudized’ knowledge-based economy; and education is seen to be a means by which this imperative is to be fostered.
Nanocellulose in Biotechnology and Medicine: Focus on Skin Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing
Authors: Bacakova Lucie , Pajorova Julia , Bacakova Marketa , Skogberg Anne , Kallio Pasi , Kolarova Katerina , Svorcik Vaclav
Published: December 2018

Nanocellulose is cellulose in the form of nanostructures, i.e. features not exceeding 100 nm at least in one dimension. These nanostructures include nanofibrils, e.g. in bacterial cellulose; nanofibers, e.g. in electrospun matrices; nanowhiskers and nanocrystals. These structures can be further assembled into bigger 2D and 3D nano-, micro- and macro-structures, such as nanoplatelets, membranes, films, microparticles and porous macroscopic matrices. There are four main sources of nanocellulose: bacteria (Gluonacetobacter), plants (trees, shrubs, herbs), algae (Cladophora) and animals (Tunicata). Nanocellulose has emerged for a wide range of industrial, technology and biomedical applications, e.g. for adsorption, ultrafiltration, packaging, conservation of historical artifacts, thermal insulation and fire retardation, energy extraction and storage, acoustics, sensorics, controlled drug delivery, and particularly for tissue engineering. Nanocellulose is promising for use in scaffolds for engineering of blood vessels, neural tissue, bone, cartilage, liver, adipose tissue, urethra and dura mater, for repairing connective tissue and congenital heart defects, and for constructing contact lenses and protective barriers. This review is focused on applications of nanocellulose in skin tissue engineering and wound healing as a scaffold for cell growth, for delivering cells into wounds, and as a material for advanced wound dressings coupled with drug delivery, transparency and sensorics. Potential cytotoxicity and immunogenicity of nanocellulose are also discussed.
Region Asymmetric Polymers Based on Fluorinated Benzothiadiazole-Benzodithiophene for Polymer Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage
Authors: Liu Caijun , Gan Guoyue , Li Zhanfeng , Sun Na , Li Xueqiao , Tong Yahui , Wang Hua , Hao Yuying
Published: December 2018

Two region asymmetric polymers PR2F and PR1F with three repeat units of A-D-A, π-D-A, and π-D-π along the polymer backbone were attained by polymerizing different fluorinated benzothiadiazole-thiophene units, FBT-T and 2FBT-T units (A–π), with benzodithiophene unit (D), respectively. Here, the new region asymmetric polymers were in contrast to the traditional polymers featuring a D–A or D–π–A–π backbone. Both the region asymmetric polymers showed a low lying of HOMO energy level in relation to that of the PC61BM acceptor and then obtained the high open-circuit voltage of ~1 V in both PR2F and PR1F devices. Bulk-heterojunction devices based on PR2F with difluorinated BT exhibited an appreciable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.73% due to the relatively high and balanced charge carrier mobilities, while the mono-fluorinated BT polymer PR1F-based devices gave a lower PCE of 2.92%. These results indicate that the region asymmetric conjugated polymer is a promising class of materials for polymer solar cell applications, and it is significant to further understand the influence of polymer structure on optoelectronic properties.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, DFT studies, Docking Studies and Fluorescent Properties of 2-(Adamantan-1-yl)-2H-isoindole-1-carbonitrile
Authors: Joubert Jacques
Published: December 2018

2-(Adamantan-1-yl)-2H-isoindole-1-carbonitrile (1) has been identified as a neurobiological fluorescent ligand that may be used to develop receptor and enzyme binding affinity assays. Compound 1 was synthesised using an optimised microwave irradiation reaction and crystallised from ethanol. Crystallization occurred in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with unit cell parameters: a = 6.4487(12) Å, b = 13.648(3) Å, c = 16.571(3) Å, V = 1458(5) Å3, Z = 4. Density functional theory (DFT) (B3LYP/6-311++G (d,p)) calculations of 1 were carried out. Results showed that the optimised geometry is similar to the crystal structure parameters with a root-mean-squared deviation of 0.143 Å. Frontier molecular orbital energies and net atomic charges are discussed with a focus on potential biological interactions. Docking experiments within the active site of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) protein crystal structure were carried out and analysed. Important binding interactions between the DFT optimised structure and amino acids within the nNOS active site were identified that explain the strong NOS binding affinity reported. Fluorescent properties of 1 were studied using aprotic solvents of different polarities. Compound 1 showed the highest fluorescence intensity in polar solvents with excitation and emission values of 336 nm and 380 nm, respectively.
Affordable Production of Antioxidant Aqueous Solutions by Hydrodynamic Cavitation Processing of Silver Fir (Abies Alba Mill.) Needles
Authors: Albanese Lorenzo , Bonetti Alessandra , D'Acqui Luigi Paolo , Meneguzzo Francesco , Zabini Federica
Published: December 2018

Extracts from parts of coniferous trees have received increased interest due to their valuable bioactive compounds and properties, useful for plenty of experimental and consolidated applications, in fields comprising nutraceutics, cosmetics, pharmacology, food preservation, and stimulation of plant growth. However, the variability of the bioactive properties, the complexity of the extraction methods, and the use of potentially harmful synthetic chemicals, still represent an obstacle to the spreading of such valuable natural compounds. Hydrodynamic cavitation is emerging as a promising innovative technique for the extraction of precious food components and by-products from waste raw material of the agro-food production chain, which can improve processing efficiency, reduce resource consumption, and produce healthy, high-quality products. In this study, a process based on controlled hydrodynamic cavitation was applied for the first time to the production of aqueous solutions of silver fir (Abies Alba Mill.) needles with enhanced antioxidant activity. The observed levels of the in vitro antioxidant activity, comparable or higher than those found for reference substances, pure extracts, and other water extracts and beverages, highlight the very good potential of the HC process for the creation of solvent-free, aqueous solutions endowed with bioactive compounds extracted from silver fir needles.
The Three Horses of Sustainability—Population, Affluence and Technology
Authors: Obura David O.
Published: December 2018

The IPAT equation provides a simple but powerful model for understanding sustainability, particularly from the challenge posed by the Anthropocene—how to reduce personal or societal impact. Impact is calculated by multiplying population, affluence and technology, and a ‘reduction coefficient’ e is used to explore targeted reductions in impact of different entities to cap total (summed) impact. The model offers two solutions. First, that all three factors are essential in determining total impact; a focus on just one or two is not justifiable without credibly addressing the other(s). Second, by presenting reduction of impact as a proportion of current activity, the solution becomes accessible to an individual actor (e.g., an individual, family, organization, or country). Application of the model is illustrated based on household weekly food consumption from cultures around the world. The model helps unify a) disparate perspectives on population, affluence and technology, which currently oppose one another from a basis of belief or dogma, and b) different sectors (e.g., food production, energy, climate impacts and others), as well as actors, so they can jointly identify strategies to resolve their contributions to approaching larger scale sustainability.
Nucleation Triggering of Highly Undercooled Xylitol Using an Air Lift Reactor for Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: DUQUESNE Marie , PALOMO DEL BARRIO Elena , GODIN Alexandre
Published: December 2018

Xylitol is an organic, non-toxic, biosourced phase change material with high potential for seasonal thermal energy storage material. It has a high energy density, a high and stable undercooling allowing storing solar energy at ambient temperature thus, reducing thermal losses and the risk of spontaneous nucleation (i.e., the risk of losing the stored energy). When the energy is needed, the discharge triggering of the storage system (i.e., Nucleation triggering of highly viscous undercooled Xylitol) is very difficult as well as reaching a sufficient power delivery (i.e., the control of the subsequent crystal growth rates). Both are the mains locks for the use of Xylitol in seasonal energy storage. Different techniques to crystallize highly undercooled Xylitol have hence been considered. It has been proven that nucleation triggering of highly undercooled Xylitol using an air lift reactor would allow reaching performances matching with building applications (i.e., at medium temperatures, below 100 °C). The advantages of this technique compared to other existing techniques to activate the crystallization are discussed. The mechanisms triggering the nucleation are investigated. The air bubble generation, transportation of nucleation sites and subsequent crystallization are discussed to improve the air injection operating conditions.
Psychological Meaning of Spiritual Experience Participants Naqshbandiyah Khalidiyah in Kebumen Indonesia
Authors: Saliyo Saliyo
Published: December 2018

Abstract

This study aims at identifying the psychological  experiences of spiritual participants in Naqshabandiyah Khalidiyah tarekat. This experience was obtained after the participants of the baiat tarekat and carried out the spiritual teachings of the tarekat. The research method used is using a phenomenology.. The results of this study found themes of spiritual experience when the activities of baiat, tawajuhan, suluk, after baiat, and interaction with tarekat friends. Even so, not everyone finds spiritual experience in the tarekat, in every activity. The reason is that spiritual experience is not one of the main goals of a person following the Naqsabandiyah Khalidiyah  tarekat. However, not everyone finds spiritual experience in tarekat. The reason is that spiritual experience is not one of the main goals of a person following the spiritual  tarekat.
İZAHA DAVET VE İZAH ÜZERİNE YAPILACAK İŞLEMLERİN DAVAYA KONU OLMASI
Authors: HATİPOĞLU Mehmet , BAYRAKLI Hasan Hüseyin
Published: December 2018

Vergi
hukukunda ortaya çıkan uyuşmazlıkların nedenleri mükellefler ya da vergi
idaresi olabilir. Uyuşmazlık kimden kaynaklanırsa kaynaklansın çözümün idari
aşamada halledilmiş olması iki tarafın da menfaatine hizmet eder. Zira alacağına
kısa sürede ulaşmak isteyen idareyle dostane çözüme yargısal aşamadaki
belirsizlikten daha sıcak bakan mükellef için idari çözüm yolları önem arz
etmektedir. Uyuşmazlıkların azaltılması, idarenin zamanını daha etkin ve
verimli alanlara ayırabilmesi, demokrasi açısından mükelleflerin çözüm sürecine
katılımlarının artırılması ve vergiye gönüllü uyuma katkı sağlaması amaçlarını
ihtiva eden izaha davet kurumu da bu yollardan bir tanesidir.

Çalışmamızda
taraflar arasında idari bir çözüm bulunmasına hizmet eden bu müessesenin
özellikleri üzerinde durulacaktır. İzaha davet, daha vergi incelemesi
başlamamış, ihbarda bulunulmamış veya takdir komisyonuna sevk olunmamış; ancak
yetkili merciler tarafından vergi zıyaına delalet eden hususların tespiti
halinde mükelleflerin durumlarını izah etmesi için çağrılmasını ifade eder. Bu
çağrı sonrası yapılan izahın idarece reddi, idari işlem niteliğinde olduğundan
vergi davasına konu olabilmektedir. Nitel bir çalışma olarak, henüz yargıya
intikal etmiş kararlara da rastlanmadığı için yargılamaya ışık tutucu olması
düşünülmektedir.
Determinants of tax compliance: theory of planned behavior and stakeholder theory perspective
Authors: Nurwanah Andi , T. Sutrisno , Rosidi Rosidi , Roekhudin Roekhudin
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this research is to analyze and elaborate determinants of tax compliance in the perspective of the theory of planned behavior and stakeholder theory. This research is conducted on a population consisting of corporate taxpayers registered at the Directorate General of Taxes in the region of South Sulawesi. This research uses proportional random sampling to determine the samples. There are 560 respondents out of 1,000 exemplars of distributed questionnaires who are willing to participate. The analysis is conducted by using Partial Least Square (PLS). The result reveals that the behavior of the taxpayers has a positive and significant effect on the intention to tax compliance. The establishment of tax professional behavior to comply can encourage positive behavior of taxpayers, thus, the welfare of the society can be achieved. Subjective norm has a positive and significant effect on the intention to tax compliance. This research focuses on corporate taxpayers; hence, the researchers add social awareness based on stakeholder theory. This research depicts corporate taxpayers as entity that mingles with the society. Therefore, social awareness and cultural adaptation with the social environment through tax payment is a must.
Bazı Yonca (Medicago sativa L.) Genotiplerinin Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÖTEN Mehmet , ALBAYRAK Sebahattin
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışma, 2013-2014
yıllarında Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü deneme alanlarında,
tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde üç tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmadan
elde edilen veriler ile ileri kademede oluşturulacak yonca ıslah çalışmalarına
materyal temin edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Antalya iline ait 13 ilçeden,
26 farklı duraktaki doğal vejetasyondan seçilen üstün yonca genotiplerinde,  kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi için önem
arz eden, ham protein (HP) oranı, asit deterjan fiber (ADF), nötr deterjan
fiber (NDF) oranları saptanmıştır. En yüksek HP oranı, Finike1, Finike2, Gazipaşa1 ve Aksu2 genotiplerinde, en yüksek ADF
oranı, Serik2 genotipinde ve en yüksek NDF oranı ise Manavgat2 genotipinde
tespit edilmiştir. Kalite kriterleri açısından Gazipaşa1, Alanya1, Aksu2, Kepez1,
Döşemealtı1, Konyaaltı1, Kemer1, Finike2, Demre1 ve Kaş1 genotipleri, ileri
ıslah kademesine aktarılmıştır.
Ankara Koşullarında Farklı Dozlarda Azotlu Gübrelemenin Arıotu (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.)’nun Ot Verimine ve Kalitesine Etkileri
Authors: ÖZKAN Uğur , SEVİMAY Cafer Sırrı
Published: December 2018

Bu araştırma 2013-2014 yıllarında Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat
Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü deneme tarlalarında, arıotu (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.)
bitkisinin farklı azotlu gübre dozları altında ot veriminde ve kalitesinde
meydana gelen değişimleri incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma tesadüf
bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak
kurulmuştur. Araştırmada ana parsellere 3 arıotu çeşidi (Sağlamtimur, Stala,
Enton), alt parsellere 5 farklı azotlu gübre dozu (0 kg/da, 2.5 kg/da, 5 kg/da,
7.5 kg/da, 10 kg/da) olacak şekilde uygulamalar yapılmıştır. Bitki boyu, yeşil
ot verimi, kuru ot verimi, kuru madde verimi ve ham protein verimi araştırmada
incelenen parametrelerdir. Alınan sonuçlara göre; 2013 ve 2014 yıllarında Stala
çeşidi bitki boyu (72.65 cm, 84.76 cm), yeşil ot verimi (2138.00 kg/da, 2385.60
kg/da), kuru ot verimi (510.83 kg/da, 554.60 kg/da), kuru madde verimi (456.55
kg/da, 495.99 kg/da) ve ham protein verimi (72.92 kg/da, 76.43 kg/da) bakımından
diğer çeşitlere göre daha üstün olan arıotu çeşidi olmuştur. Yüksek verimli ve
kaliteli üretim için tercih edilmesi gereken azot dozunun ise 10 kg/da olduğu
belirlenmiştir.
Bazı Buğdaygil Bitki Türlerinin Yem Kalite Değerlerinin Belirlenmesi ve Biplot Analiz Yöntemi ile Özelliklerarası İlişkilerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: SAYAR Mehmet Salih , BAŞBAĞ Mehmet , ÇAÇAN Erdal
Published: December 2018

Hayvan beslemesinde kullanılacak kaba yemlere
ait besin içeriklerinin ve kalite parametrelerinin önceden bilinmesi başarılı
bir hayvancılık için büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışma doğal olarak yetişen bazı
buğdaygil yem bitkisi türlerinin yem kalitesini belirlemek amacıyla
yürütülmüştür. Dicle Üniversitesi kampüs alanında yeralan doğal vejetasyondan
2017 yılında toplanan 13 değişik buğdaygil cinsine ait 15 buğdaygil yem bitkisi
türü, araştırmanın materyalini oluşturmuştur. Bitki
türlerine ait doğadan toplanan tohumlar Dicle Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi
Araştırma arazinde ayrı ayrı parsellere ekilerek, çiçeklenme döneminde ot ile
ilgi analizlerinin yapılması için hasat edilmiştir. Her parselden 3 tekerrürlü
olarak alınan kuru ot örnekleri Dicle Üniversitesi Bilim ve
Teknoloji Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi (DÜBTAM) Laboratuarlarında
analiz edilmiştir. İncelenen özelliklere ait veriler üzerinde yapılan istatiksel
analiz sonucuna göre, incelenen tüm özellikler için buğdaygil bitki türlerinin
0.01 düzeyinde birbirlerinden farklı olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca araştırmada
incelenen özelliklerin 15 buğdaygil türü arasında aşağıdaki aralıklarda değişim
gösterdiği belirlenmiştir; ham protein oranı (HP) - %6.2-19.3; kuru madde oranı
(KMO) - %88.9-91.7; asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif oranı (ADF) - %22.9-43.2;
nötral deterjanda çözünmeyen lif oranı (NDF) - %45.9-74.6; asit deterjanda
çözünmeyen protein oranı (ADP) - %0.08- 0.63; sindirilebilir kuru madde oranı
(SKM) %55.3-71.0;  kuru madde tüketimi
oranı (KMT) - %1.61-2.62 ve nisbi yem değerleri (NYD) - 68.9-143.1. Biplot
analiz yöntemiyle yapılan analizlerde ise aşağıdaki sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. İncelenen
özelliklerin birbirinden farklı 5 grup oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Kuru madde oranı, ADF ve NDF oranlarından oluşan 3
özellik arasında olumlu ve önemli ilişki saptanmış olup, bu üç özellik
bakımından sindirilebilirlik oranı ve nisbi yem değerleri en düşük olan Bromus tectorum türü
öne çıkmıştır. Öte yandan, aynı grupta yeralan ham protein oranı, magnezyum
içeriği ve sindirilebilir kuru madde oranı özellikleri arasında da olumlu ve
önemli ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu üç özelliğin bulunduğu grupta yer alan
tek buğdaygil türü olan Lolium perenne türü dikkat çekici
bulunmuştur. Yine aynı şekilde nisbi yem değeri ve kuru madde tüketim oranı
özellikleri arasında da önemli olumlu ilişki olduğu belirlenmiş olup, iki
özellik bakımından ise Festuca arundinacea ve Phalaris canariensis türleri öne çıkmıştır.
WOMEN’S BODY IMAGE DURING THE MENOPAUSAL TRANSITION
Authors: Belogai K. N.
Published: December 2018

The article presents the results of a study of the body image in women aged 40–60 who are at the stage of menopausal transition, i.e. in premenopause, perimenopause and menopause itself. A study conducted on a group of Russianspeaking women showed that they had a negative image of their own body and experience the so-called "standard discontent with appearance", like women in many other cultures. The women were concerned with their weight and shape and dissatisfied with the functional characteristics of their bodies. The body image, however, was not related to the presence or absence of menstruation, which is consistent with research data around the world demonstrating that "menopause as a disease" is a cultural rather than a biological phenomenon. The study shows that the body image of mature women correlates with the body mass index, but weight is by no means the only factor determining the phenomenon under consideration. The present research demonstrates the cultural specificity of the image of the body in mature women: the authors validated and translated Verbal Commentary on Physical Appearance Scale, and it revealed no Positive Idea of Body Weight and Shape factor.
SUBJECTIVE QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE STRUCTURE OF PERSONAL POTENTIAL AMONG THE NORTH-SIBERIAN YOUTH WITH AND WITHOUT ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE*
Authors: Bokhan T. G. , Galazhinsky E. V. , Ulyanich A. L. , Terekhina O. V. , Bozhenkova K. A.
Published: December 2018

The paper features the identification of individual-specific patterns of personal potential among the rural youth of the North of Siberia with and without alcohol dependence. The research methods included E. Y. Mandrikova’s questionnaire "Selfactivity", S. Maddi’s test in resilience (adapted by D. A. Leontiev and E. I. Rasskazova), D. A. Leontiev’s questionnaire "Reflection", E. Diener scale of subjective well-being, M.Ritsner’s questionnaire of quality of life satisfaction, R. Janoff-Bulman’s scale of basic beliefs, and B. Scheldon’s scale of self-determination. The research revealed some general trends in the structure of personal potential among the rural youth of the North of Siberia. It also made it possible to establish the types of deformations of personal potential among the young people with alcohol dependence syndrome. The resources and personal potential deficiencies identified by the present research may help to determine the targets of psychological correction, as well as to  choose psychotherapeutic and psychocorrectional methods in the provision of specialized medical and psychological assistance in the prevention, therapy, and rehabilitation of young people with alcohol addiction.
ABOUT THE ROLE OF THE BIYSK FORTRESS IN THE RUSSIAN COLONIZATION PROCESS IN THE ALTAI IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XVIII CENTURY (TO THE 300TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ERECTION OF THE SECOND BIYSK STOCKADED TOWN
Authors: Bobrov D. S.
Published: December 2018

The article features the role of the Biysk Fortress in the Russian colonization process in the Altai reagion. The author revealed the place of the Fortress in the administrative and political process which took place in the Kuznetsk province and generally in the South of Western Siberia in the end of the XVII – the middle of the XVIII century. The research was based on unpublished documents from the funds of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. The research involved various problems of the stockaded town, i.e. the number of soldiers in the garrison and its supply organization, the identity of its clerks and their relations with Kuznetsk commanders and staff officers of regular military groups. The article shows that some decisions and actions of the county authorities had a negative influence on the defensive capacity of the fortress. The author identified four stages in the Biysk Fortress history of the first half of the XVIII century and recognizes the  priority of the administrative and political development over the fortification building in the management discourse at the local level. The author also highlighted the combination of classical and hybrid strategies and the Biysk Fortress management practices. The given facts make it possible to take a fresh look at the mechanisms of the Russian colonization of the Altai and the southern regions of Western Siberia.
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND CONFLICT INTERACTION TACTICS PREFERENCES IN RUSSIAN AND DUTCH CULTURES
Authors: Sinelnikova E. S.
Published: December 2018

The present research features manifestation of emotional intelligence in preferences for conflict interaction tactics in Russian and Dutch test groups. The experiment included 146 Russian (40.4 % men, 59.6% women, mean age 20.15) and 125 Dutch students (33.6 % men, 66.4 % women, mean age 21.62). The method of behavioral scenarios was applied to evaluate preferences of tactics in a conflict situation. The participants were presented with interpersonal conflict scenarios with high power and equal partners in interpersonal and business relations. Their emotional intelligence was measured by Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test. The research showed that emotional intelligence predetermined preferences for constructive emotion expression in both groups. In addition, the Russian test group showed preferences for constructive problem solving, while the Dutch participants demonstrated less irony and showed no readiness for indirect aggression.