bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXISTENTIAL IDENTITY AND MEMORY OF A NATION
Authors: Kačerauskas Tomas
Published: January 2009

The author affirms that the phenomena of history are always interpreted in the perspective of our future objectives. So, it is stated that the interpretation of nation's history is the recollection of our future. Projection of the future grants us both creative dynamism (picturesqueness), and possibility of death (existential departure). According to another thesis, creating and existence form two planes of human reality, which create a living environment interacting between each other. The author affirms that this environment is the background of becoming of both individual and the nation, and it changes together with the phenomena emerging in it. According to the third thesis, existential participant's space and time of existential participant ‐ individual or nation ‐ interact as his spiritual environment's components of his becoming. The author follows individual's and nation's analogy, which means rather interaction when creating a living environment than similarity. Additionally, analogy includes aesthetic (sensual) aspect, which appears when talking about existential creativity. So, it is stated, that openness and incompleteness of existence is being supposed by the representation of our bodily (sensual) ending, in other words, by aesthetic tragedy. According to the author, the small individual circle and the big one of a nation are coupled by aesthetic tragedy. According to the fourth thesis, the being of a nation becomes meaningful when a nation becomes a hero in the face of its death. The conceptions of M. Heidegger (being towards death), M. Bachtin (hero, polyphonic interaction), E. Husserl (spiritual environment, phenomenon), Aristotle (dynamism, formation) and Plato (analogy, participation) are used in the research.
THE CHANGING OF LITHUANIAN IDENTITY IN GLOBAL MODERNITY
Authors: Astra Lilijana
Published: January 2009

The present day discourse of globalization is a new socio‐culturally determined form of self‐identification which is chosen by the subjects taking part in globalisation, being ready for cultural openness vs. rarefaction of boundaries of national identity. This discourse is an interesting one but still it is little investigated and a contradictory process in actual transformations that take place on worldwide arena. However, there is no doubt that the phenomenon of modern self‐identification or identity unites historically multilayer cultural phenomena which reveal sui generis of their peculiar nature. Identity that is undergoing changes in global modernity becomes an inter‐subjective cultural unity, expression of which is represented by language, belief, moral consciousness, accumulation of fundamental values, customs and a unique worldview. That is why contemporary identity of Lithuanians is a historically vital and creative proceeding, while ancient national tradition is reflecting strata of cultural meanings of the past towards the present time and altogether inspiring, developing spiritual experience of society towards new per spectives. Therefore, systems of certain mental categories, sensible self‐expression can last throughout entire centuries, many generations are being integrated into them, and all these become peculiar socio-cultural frameworks which are indefeasible because they predetermine who you are.
LITHUANIAN IDENTITY: BETWEEN THE HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE AND THE HERITAGE OF THE GREAT DUCHY OF LITHUANIA
Authors: Berenis Vytautas
Published: January 2009

This article deals with the influence of the heritage of the Great Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) on the contemporary development of Lithuanian identity, emphasizing the reasons of its actualization. The actualizing of the GDL is closely connected with the processes of globalization, euro‐integration and geopolitical alternations. The author affirms that the historical heritage of the GDL helps Lithuania, Poland, Belarus and Ukraine to integrate into the space of Eastern Europe and the supposed national tolerance in the GDL is peculiar manifestation of the democratic tradition in this area.
ETHNIC IDENTITY IN CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES: VARIOUS WAYS TO READ A SOCIETY
Authors: Bieńkowska-Ptasznik Małgorzata
Published: January 2009

Nationality, ethnicity, ethnic minorities, ethnic identity, borderland, etc. - all these concepts have been essential in a long tradition of research concerning sociology of nation or sociology of borderland. However, none of them is understood in one definite way ‐ it is, partly, the result of different kinds of experience on particular continents or in different periods in history, but it also results from the fact that sociology itself has not worked out one paradigm. The aim of this paper is to present certain problems that the researcher might be coping with as well as show new certain theoretical possibilities.
Individual differences in susceptibility to the effects of speech on reading comprehension
Authors: Sörqvist Patrik , Halin Niklas , Hygge Staffan
Published: January 2009

Individuals with high working memory capacity (WMC) are less distracted by task‐irrelevant speech than others. The mechanism behind this relationship, however, is not well understood, and it has only been found in a few paradigms. We used a Number updating task to measure WMC and two suppression mechanisms (immediate and delayed), and tested how they were associated with individual differences in susceptibility to the effects of speech on reading comprehension. The results revealed a negative relationship between WMC and susceptibility to speech distraction. Of the two suppression mechanisms, only immediate suppression was associated with speech distraction, suggesting that susceptibility to distraction is determined by the ability to immediately suppress the irrelevant speech. Furthermore, the relationship between WMC and speech distraction was mediated by the immediate suppression mechanism. The implications of these results and possible explanations of similar results found in other paradigms are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
junya.ishigami+associates
Authors: Grima Joseph
Published: January 2009

The Executive Director of Storefront in New York Joseph Grima tips off the young Japanese architect Junya Ishigami for our attention. Ishigami's extension to the Kanagawa Institution of Technology might at first glance resemble a humble greenhouse. Stripped back far beyond the bare essentials, it has a finely tuned structure that enables it to be supported on pillars alone and elevates it to the poetic. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaporating Theory: An Interview with Yves Michaud
Authors: Puglisi Luigi Prestinenza
Published: January 2009

Is architecture evaporating and losing its distinct status as a discipline? In pursuit of an answer to this question, Luigi Prestinenza Puglisi spoke to Yves Michaud, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Paris and author of L'art à l'état gazeuz (Art in a Gaseous State), 2003. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
muf architecture/art
Authors: Sörstedt Claes
Published: January 2009

Barking, in east London, has become the unlikely site for a regeneration project by muf that dissolves art, architecture, landscaping, psychogeography and instant mythology. Swedish architect and critic Claes Sörstedt highlights the ‘attractive combination of mystery and utility’ that he finds in this reinvented piazza. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Twenty Years After (Deconstructivism): An Interview with Bernard Tschumi
Authors: Costanzo Michele
Published: January 2009

Michele Costanzo interviews Bernard Tschumi about his work and his vision of the changing field of contemporary design research. How do the younger generation of students receive Tschumi's seminal theoretical works? Is a lack of time merely the current scapegoat for a more considered conceptual approach? How does Tschumi view the proliferation of architectural fetishes in the urban landscape? How is his own theoretical landscape shifting? Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nàbito Arquitectura
Authors: Gausa Manuel
Published: January 2009

The complexity of contemporary sites and situations requires architects' design skills to exceed the single object and to expertly negotiate between competing forces at both a global and local level. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the city, where a multitude of tensions and scales must be played out. Barcelona‐based architect and author Manuel Gausa locates in the work of Nàbito Arquitectura the ability to develop ‘real connective landscapes’, as explicitly expressed in their scheme for the Poljane area of Ljubljana. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Digital Morphogenesis
Authors: Leach Neil
Published: January 2009

Taking its inspiration from biology, digital morphogenesis operates through a logic of optimisation. Departing from the notion of architecture primarily as form‐finding that privileges appearance, Neil Leach describes how morphogenesis places emphasis on ‘material performance’ and ‘processes over representation’. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meeting the New Boss: After the Death of Theory
Authors: Hight Christopher
Published: January 2009

Christopher Hight seeks to find out what might be left over after the death of theory. Have theoretical questions become merely replaced by reproducible techniques and business plans? How should architects think and practise if they no longer ‐ in the wake of Koolhaas ‐ solely think architecturally? Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Josep Lluís Mateo/MAP Architects
Authors: Ivanisin Krunoslav
Published: January 2009

By focusing on a ‘scientific approach’ that emphasises the importance of cause and effect, Josep Lluís Mateo/MAP has developed a design for the Camp Nou Stadium in Barcelona that is less about spectacle and more about the people it accommodates. Croatian critic and architect Krunoslav Ivanisin admires the structure for the ‘inherent logic of its parts’, but also for its prioritisation of communal life. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Life of Space
Authors: Kerckhove Derrick de , Tursi Antonio
Published: January 2009

The digital has revolutionised the notion of space that was formulated on the two‐dimensional page in the Renaissance with the discovery of perspective and the printing press. Derrick de Kerckhove and Antonio Tursi explore how our ideas about space have been overturned since the onset of the computer and the many different ways that architects are reinterpreting them. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[ecosistema urbano]
Authors: Rutkowski Roman , Wojciechowski Lukasz
Published: January 2009

Polish architecture tutors and critics Roman Rutkowski and Lukasz Wojciechowski identify a new kind of architecture in [ecosistema urbano]'s ingenious temporary tower pavilions for a sterile new housing estate in Madrid. Contributing power to the local electricity grid, these towers are explicitly designed to provide shelter from the unmediated heat of the harsh external environment through their cooling effect and in so doing to stimulate communal activities and events. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Architecture as a Dissident Practice: An Interview with Diller Scofidio + Renfro
Authors: Kazi Olympia
Published: January 2009

For three decades architect Liz Diller and artist Ricardo Scofidio have been collaborating on projects that test the boundaries between art and architecture. They have done more than any other practice to champion interdisciplinary research and to advocate architecture as a wider form of cultural production. Olympia Kazi went to talk to Liz Diller to ask her if she thinks theory could really be dead, or merely in a ‘lull’. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supersudaca
Authors: Sant'Ana Carlos
Published: January 2009

The simultaneous move towards specialisation and generalisation has opened up the way for ‘new fields of action’ and ‘strategical approaches to design’. Portuguese architect and critic Carlos Sant'Ana describes how urban Latin American think tank Supersudaca epitomise what is best about this new ‘Pragmatopian’ thinking with their Al Caribe project. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Club Cinemetrics: New Post‐Perspectival Design Methodologies
Authors: McGrat Brian , Hsueh  , Leun Cheng , Hoi Shan Paul CHU , Jesús Zamora José De , Marshall Victoria
Published: January 2009

Cinemetrics is a post‐perspectival, cinematically inspired drawing system that encourages a way of working that is multilayered and multiscalar, responding to the complexities of contemporary life and the city. Here Brian McGrath, in collaboration with Hsueh, Cheng Leun, Paul CHU Hoi Shan, José De Jesús Zamora and Victoria Marshall, demonstrates how in field work in the US, Thailand and Taiwan, Cinemetrics enabled them to adopt an interdisciplinary process addressing transdisciplinary issues. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stalker/ON
Authors: Lang Peter
Published: January 2009

How might we ‘reboot’ architecture and ‘regain the critical’? American architectural critic and professor Peter Lang finds in Stalker's interactive field study of a Romany community around Rome a trigger for a re‐energised way of thinking that questions how we might effectively live communally and economically. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
That Old Thing Called Flexibility: An Interview with Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown
Authors: Proto Francesco
Published: January 2009

Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown hold an unrivalled position within architecture. Now written several decades ago, their classic books Learning from Las Vegas and Complexity and Contradiction remain unsurpassed for their ability to shock and overturn current architectural thought. Francesco Proto talks to Venturi and Scott Brown on their present thinking about iconography, transparency, spectacularisation, architectural pornography and the contemporary architectural avant‐garde. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Center for Urban Pedagogy (CUP)
Authors: Menking Bill
Published: January 2009

A new generation of architects, urban designers and planners are rethinking the city. Bill Menking describes how the Center for Urban Pedagogy (CUP) has orchestrated a number of art‐based collaborations in the New York boroughs that enable the community to participate in the reimagining of urban space. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spaces of Freedom
Authors: Gandolfo Emiliano
Published: January 2009

The predicaments of the current global climate bring a new poignancy and focus to architecture. Emiliano Gandolfi, the curator of the much lauded ‘Experimental Architecture’ exhibition in the Padiglione Italia at the 2008 Venice Biennale, outlines how an emerging group of designers are redefining architecture as they seek to provide solutions that identify people's needs and address the exigencies of global warning, the environmental crisis and migration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘To Go Beyond or Not to Be’ Unsolicited Architecture: An Interview with Ole Bourman
Authors: Guido Luca
Published: January 2009

The complex dynamics of today's architecture require a deep intellectual freedom. This is something that Dutch architectural critic Ole Bouman espouses through his provocative writings and lectures and his advocacy of ‘unsolicited architecture’. Luca Guido invited Bouman to reflect on what it means to be an architect today and how it might be possible to pursue critical practice beyond the conventional construction processes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MAD
Authors: Jun Jiang
Published: January 2009

Jiang Jun, Editor‐in‐Chief of Urban China magazine, marvels at the architectural phenomenon that is MAD. Riding on the crest of Chinese urban expansion, Ma Yansong has optimised on extraordinary architectural opportunities. His projects, such as Beijing 2050, display a savvy design approach that synthesises innovative forms with Chinese characteristics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross the River by Touching the Stones: Chinese Architecture and Political Economy in the Reform Era: 1978‐2008
Authors: Zhu Tao
Published: January 2009

China's Open Door Policy and economic development set in motion in 1978 can be regarded as the triumph of pragmatism over theory ‐ specifically Chairman Mao's brand of Marxist theory. Tao Zhu traces the progress of reform over the last 30 years, and its impact on Chinese architectural culture. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exit Ltd
Authors: Basar Shumon
Published: January 2009

For London‐based editor, author and curator Shumon Basar, The Temple of Janus Revisited by Exit Ltd is an effective critique of post‐9/11 politics and culture. A virtual re‐enactment of the Roman Temple of Janus in Washington DC, it evokes the imminent collapse of the American Empire. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some Conclusions: Liberating Ourselves from the Tyranny of Architecture
Authors: Puglisi Luigi Prestinenza
Published: January 2009

Guest‐editor Luigi Prestinenza Puglisi closes the issue with a positive reflection on the impact of theoretical meltdown. He recognises in the featured architects in this volume a ‘shared attitude, notwithstanding diversity’ that represents a liberation from the last decade's over‐concern with form and super‐creativity and a rediscovery of the political dimension of architecture. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WORK Architecture Company's Diane von Furstenberg Studio, New York
Authors: Merkel Jayne
Published: January 2009

In what was once the goriest part of Manhattan ‐ the Meatpacking District on the far west side ‐ WORKac has created a glittery collection of showrooms, studios and offices spread over four floors, sandwiched between a rooftop dwelling and a street‐level flagship store within a pair of 19th‐century warehouses. Jayne Merkel explains how sunlight from an angular jewel‐like skylight fills the interior, which is intersected by a bejewelled, precast‐concrete grand staircase, with refracted, reflected, constantly changing and relatively natural‐looking light. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vassall Road Housing and Healthcare Centre, Brixton, London
Authors: Littlefield David
Published: January 2009

Tony Fretton's latest project is a demonstration of what can be achieved on a tight budget. David Littlefield describes how the practice has managed to create a thoughtful and yet highly practical health and residential centre on a rather typical south London street. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
51% Studios
Authors: Watson Howard
Published: January 2009

Howard Watson profiles a London‐based studio whose practice results from the interplay of a wide range of influences spanning contemporary culture, history, nature, landscape and the ephemeral. Working at a variety of scales from the domestic to the urban, partners Peter Thomas and Catherine du Toit demonstrate a natural bent for the arts‐related in undertaking collaborations with artists and exhibition installations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Are You Looking At?
Authors: Spiller Neil
Published: January 2009

There is a rebirth of interest in anamorphic perspective ‐ that erudite artistic trick that allows one to represent different points of view in a single plane or view. Neil Spiller sees a new future for this arcane spatial practice that enables objects to dissolve their muteness. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Algorithmic Design
Authors: Bessa Maria
Published: January 2009

Maria Bessa provides a masterclass in algorithmic design, tracing the roots of the algorithm back to Aristotle and 9th‐century Persia. She explores innovative contemporary examples of the application of the algorithm and highlights its potential for architects working intuitively in a way that will enable them to achieve a level of performance that was once only attainable at a post‐design stage. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanoenergy
Authors: Yeang Ken
Published: January 2009

The development of a clean, plentiful and low‐cost alternative energy source is the holy grail of the 21st century. Ken Yeang looks into his crystal ball and asks whether the future could lie in nanoenergy and the proliferation of numerous personal nanogenerators ‐ attached to buildings, individuals or under bridges. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating Culture Through the Senses
Authors: Croci Valentina
Published: January 2009

Preserved for many centuries by volcanic rubble, the Roman sites of Pompeii and Herculaneum, in Southern Italy, most effectively evoke how the ancients lived. Valentina Croci reveals how MAV, the world's first virtual archaeology museum in Herculaneum, now enriches the visitor's experience and understanding of archaeological culture. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Baroque Parameters
Authors: Saunders Andrew
Published: January 2009

Andrew Saunders describes how students on Rensselaer School of Architecture's Rome programme were encouraged to explore the geometry and mathematics that underlie the architecture of the Baroque through parametric design. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elements of morphology: Standard terminology for the hands and feet
Authors: Biesecker Leslie G. , Aase Jon M. , Clericuzio Carol , Gurrieri Fiorella , Temple I. Karen , Toriello Helga
Published: January 2009

An international group of clinicians working in the field of dysmorphology has initiated the standardization of terms used to describe human morphology. The goals are to standardize these terms and reach consensus regarding their definitions. In this way, we will increase the utility of descriptions of the human phenotype and facilitate reliable comparisons of findings among patients. Discussions with other workers in dysmorphology and related fields, such as developmental biology and molecular genetics, will become more precise. Here we introduce the anatomy of the hands and feet and define and illustrate the terms that describe the major characteristics of the hands and feet. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elements of morphology: Standard terminology for the periorbital region
Authors: Hall Bryan D. , Graham John M. , Cassidy Suzanne B. , Opitz John M.
Published: January 2009

An international group of clinicians working in the field of dysmorphology has initiated the standardization of terms used to describe human morphology. The goals are to standardize these terms and reach consensus regarding their definitions. In this way, we will increase the utility of descriptions of the human phenotype and facilitate reliable comparisons of findings among patients. Discussions with other workers in dysmorphology and related fields, such as developmental biology and molecular genetics, will become more precise. Here we introduce the anatomy of the periorbital area and define and illustrate the terms that describe the major characteristics of the periorbital area. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elements of morphology: Standard terminology for the ear
Authors: Hunter Alasdair , Frias Jaime L. , Gillessen‐Kaesbach Gabriele , Hughes Helen , Jones Kenneth Lyons , Wilson Louise
Published: January 2009

An international group of clinicians working in the field of dysmorphology has initiated the standardization of terms used to describe human morphology. The goals are to standardize these terms and reach consensus regarding their definitions. In this way, we will increase the utility of descriptions of the human phenotype and facilitate reliable comparisons of findings among patients. Discussions with other workers in dysmorphology and related fields, such as developmental biology and molecular genetics, will become more precise. Here we introduce the anatomy of the ear and define and illustrate the terms that describe the major characteristics of the ear. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elements of morphology: Standard terminology for the nose and philtrum
Authors: Hennekam Raoul C.M. , Cormier‐Daire Valerie , Hall Judith G. , Méhes Károly , Patton Michael , Stevenson Roger E.
Published: January 2009

An international group of clinicians working in the field of dysmorphology has initiated the standardization of terms used to describe human morphology. The goals are to standardize these terms and reach consensus regarding their definitions. In this way, we will increase the utility of descriptions of the human phenotype and facilitate reliable comparisons of findings among patients. Discussions with other workers in dysmorphology and related fields, such as developmental biology and molecular genetics, will become more precise. Here we introduce the anatomy of the nose and philtrum, and define and illustrate the terms that describe the major characteristics of these body regions. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elements of morphology: Introduction
Authors: Allanson Judith E. , Biesecker Leslie G. , Carey John C. , Hennekam Raoul C.M.
Published: January 2009

An international group of clinicians working in the field of dysmorphology has initiated the standardization of terms used to describe human morphology. The goals are to standardize these terms and reach consensus regarding their definitions. In this way, we will increase the utility of descriptions of the human phenotype and facilitate reliable comparisons of findings among patients. Discussions with other workers in dysmorphology and related fields, such as developmental biology and molecular genetics, will become more precise. Here we describe the general background of the project and the various issues we have tried to take into account in defining the terms. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elements of morphology: Standard terminology for the lips, mouth, and oral region
Authors: Carey John C. , Cohen M. Michael , Curry Cynthia J.R. , Devriendt Koenraad , Holmes Lewis B. , Verloes Alain
Published: January 2009

An international group of clinicians and scientists working in the field of dysmorphology has initiated the standardization of terms used to describe human morphology. The goals are to standardize these terms and reach consensus regarding their definitions. In this way, we will increase the utility of descriptions of the human phenotype and facilitate reliable comparisons of findings among patients. Discussions with other workers in dysmorphology and related fields, such as developmental biology and molecular genetics, will become more precise. Here we summarize the anatomy of the oral region and define and illustrate the terms that describe the major characteristics of the lips and mouth. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elements of morphology: Standard terminology for the head and face
Authors: Allanson Judith E. , Cunniff Christopher , Hoyme H. Eugene , McGaughran Julie , Muenke Max , Neri Giovanni
Published: January 2009

An international group of clinicians working in the field of dysmorphology has initiated the standardization of terms used to describe human morphology. The goals are to standardize these terms and reach consensus regarding their definitions. In this way, we will increase the utility of descriptions of the human phenotype and facilitate reliable comparisons of findings among patients. Discussions with other workers in dysmorphology and related fields, such as developmental biology and molecular genetics, will become more precise. Here we introduce the anatomy of the craniofacies and define and illustrate the terms that describe the major characteristics of the cranium and face. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mode of Action and Design Rules for Additives That Modulate Crystal Nucleation
Authors: Anwar Jamshed , Boateng Papa Kofi , Tamaki Reiko , Odedra Sheetal
Published: January 2009

Moleküldynamiksimulationen identifizieren die Schlüsselfaktoren, über die ein Additiv die Bildung von Kristallkeimen beeinflusst. Dies sind: die Stärke der Wechselwirkung mit dem gelösten Stoff, die Fähigkeit, Wechselwirkungen aufzubrechen (durch sterische, entropische oder energetische Effekte), Grenzflächeneigenschaften sowie die Templatwirkung bei der Keimbildung (siehe die Momentaufnahme eines wachsenden Keims; die schwarzen Kugeln sind einzelne Additivpartikel).

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Direct CH Metalation with Chromium(II) and Iron(II): Transition‐Metal Host / Benzenediide Guest Magnetic Inverse‐Crown Complexes
Authors: Alborés Pablo , Carrella Luca M. , Clegg William , García‐Álvarez Pablo , Kennedy Alan R. , Klett Jan , Mulvey Robert E. , Rentschler Eva , Russo Luca
Published: January 2009

Kein Entrinnen gibt es für den schwarzen König (Benzol) beim Schach der Elemente gegen eine Kombination aus Dame (Natrium) und Springer (Chrom oder Eisen), wie sie in Metallaten von Metallen niederer Polarität anzutreffen ist. In chemischen Reaktionen können solche Verbindungen Arene direkt metallieren – vorausgesetzt das Übergangsmetall, der „Springer“, wird in die richtige Position gebracht.

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A Chiral Concave‐Bound Cyclopentadienyl Iron Complex of Sumanene
Authors: Sakane Hiroyuki , Amaya Toru , Moriuchi Toshiyuki , Hirao Toshikazu
Published: January 2009

Schale mit zwei Seiten: In zwei [CpFe(η6‐Sumanen)]+‐Komplexen, in denen sich die CpFe‐Einheit an der konkaven Seite des schalenförmigen π‐Systems befindet, ist die Rotation des monoalkylierten Cyclopentadienyl(Cp)‐Rings gehindert. Für den MeCpFe‐Komplex wurde im Festkörper eine asymmetrische Stapelung von Atropisomeren beobachtet, und im (S)‐sBuCpFe‐Komplex – dem ersten chiralen Komplex mit einer π‐Schale als Ligand – war der Sumanenligand magnetisch und optisch desymmetrisiert (siehe Bild).

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Metal‐Ion Selectivity of Chemically Modified Uracil Pairs in DNA Duplexes
Authors: Okamoto Itaru , Iwamoto Kenji , Watanabe Yuko , Miyake Yoko , Ono Akira
Published: January 2009

DNA duplexes containing 5‐modified uracil pairs (5‐bromo, 5‐fluoro, and 5‐cyanouracil) bind selectivity to metal ions. Their selectivity is sensitive to the pH value of the solution (see picture), as the acidities of the modified uracil bases vary according to the electron‐withdrawing properties of the substituents.

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Receptor‐Mediated Targeting of Cathepsins in Professional Antigen Presenting Cells
Authors: Hillaert Ulrik , Verdoes Martijn , Florea Bogdan I. , Saragliadis Anastasios , Habets Kim L. L. , Kuiper Johan , Van Calenbergh Serge , Ossendorp Ferry , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Driessen Christoph , Overkleeft Hermen S.
Published: January 2009

Tag for professionals: A fluorescently tagged clustered mannoside DCG‐04 analogue (see structure) is designed and synthesized using a modular approach. Uptake of the probe in professional antigen presenting cells and subsequent labeling of cathepsins proceeded in a mannose‐receptor dependent manner.

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Local auxin production: a small contribution to a big field
Authors: Chandler John W.
Published: January 2009

Auxin is a plant growth regulator involved in diverse fundamental developmental responses. Much is now known about auxin transport, via influx and efflux carriers, and about auxin perception and its role in gene regulation. Many developmental processes are dependent on peaks of auxin concentration and, to date, attention has been directed at the role of polar auxin transport in generating and maintaining auxin gradients. However, surprisingly little attention has focussed on the role and significance of auxin biosynthesis, which should be expected to contribute to active auxin pools. Recent reports on the function of the YUCCA flavin monooxygenases and a tryptophan aminotransferase in Arabidopsis have caused us to look again at the importance of local biosynthesis in developmental processes. Many alternative and redundant pathways of auxin synthesis exist in many plants and it is emerging that they may function in response to environmental cues.
Modeling the semi‐empirical electrotopological index in QSPR studies for aldehydes and ketones
Authors: Souza Érica Silva , Kuhnen Carlos Alberto , Junkes Berenice da Silva , Yunes Rosendo Augusto , Heinzen Vilma Edite Fonseca
Published: January 2009

The semi‐empirical electrotopological index, ISET, used for quantitative structure–retention relationship (QSRR) models firstly developed for alkanes and alkenes, was remodeled for organic functions such as ketones and aldehydes. The ISET values for hydrocarbons are calculated through the atomic charge values obtained from a Mulliken population analysis using the semi‐empirical AM1 method and their correlation with the SETi values attributed to the different types of carbon atoms according to experimental data. For ketones and aldehydes the interactions between the molecules and the stationary phase are slowly increased relative to the hydrocarbons, due to the charge redistribution that occurs in the presence of heteroatoms. For these polar molecules the increase in the interactions was included in the calculation of the ISET values through the dipole moment of the whole molecule and also through an equivalent local dipole moment related to the net charges of the atoms of the CO and HCO functional groups. Our findings show that the best definition of an equivalent local dipole moment is clearly dependent on the specific features of the charge distribution in the polar region of the molecules (e.g. ketones and aldehydes), which allows them to be distinguished. Thus, the QSRR models for 15 aldehydes and 42 ketones obtained using the remodeled ISET were of good quality as shown by the statistical parameters. The ability of this remodeled index to include charge distribution and structural details opens a new way to study the correlations between the molecular structure and retention indices in gas chromatography. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy Transfer Followed by Electron Transfer in a Porphyrin Macrocycle and Central Acceptor Ligand: A Model for a Photosynthetic Composite of the Light‐Harvesting Complex and Reaction Center
Authors: Kuramochi Yusuke , Sandanayaka Atula S. D. , Satake Akiharu , Araki Yasuyuki , Ogawa Kazuya , Ito Osamu , Kobuke Yoshiaki
Published: January 2009

A mimic for nature's solar cells: Simple mixing of nonaporphyrin macrocycle N‐(1–Zn)3 and acceptor ligand C60–ZnP–Tripod affords a supramolecular architecture (see scheme), in which the excitation energy collected by the macrocycle is transferred efficiently to the central ZnP acceptor, inducing charge separation between the ZnP and C60 sites.

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A system that models a photosynthetic composite of the light‐harvesting complex and reaction center is reported in which light energy collected by cyclic antenna porphyrins is transferred to a central energy‐acceptor porphyrin, followed by photoinduced electron transfer to a fullerene positioned above the ring plane. Pyridyl tripodal ligands appended with bis(phenylethynyl)porphyrinatozinc(II) (ZnP–Tripod) and additional fulleropyrrolidine moieties (C60–ZnP–Tripod) were synthesized as the reaction center units. The tripodal ligand was strongly accommodated by the light‐harvesting porphyrin macrocycle N‐(1–Zn)3 (1–Zn=trisporphyrinatozinc(II)) by using three‐point coordination of pyridyl to uncoordinated porphyrinatozinc sites to afford a stable 1:1 composite. The binding constants for ZnP–Tripod and C60–ZnP–Tripod in benzonitrile were estimated from steady‐state fluorescence titrations to be 1.4×107 and 1.6×107 M−1, respectively. The steady‐state fluorescence titration, fluorescence lifetime, and transient absorption studies revealed that in both composites the excitation energy collected by the nine porphyrins of N‐(1–Zn)3 was efficiently transferred to a ZnP moiety by means of a through‐space mechanism with a quantum yield of approximately 90 %. Furthermore, in the composite with C60–ZnP–Tripod, the converged energy at the ZnP moiety induced electron transfer to the C60 moiety, which afforded the stable charge‐separated state (ΦCS>90 %).
α‐ and β‐Glycosyl Sulfonium Ions: Generation and Reactivity
Authors: Nokami Toshiki , Shibuya Akito , Manabe Shino , Ito Yukishige , Yoshida Jun‐ichi
Published: January 2009

Low‐temperature electrochemical oxidation of thioglycosides gave glycosyl triflates from which glycosyl sulfonium ions were produced (see scheme). The latter were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and cold‐spray mass spectrometry as a mixture of α‐ and β‐isomers (45:55). The α‐glycosyl sulfonium ion exhibited higher reactivity than the β‐glycosyl sulfonium ion in the reaction with methanol, which gave a mixture of α‐ and β‐methyl glycosides (41:59).

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Increased myocardial wall thickening as index of viability assessment: a preliminary report on delayed contrast MRI
Authors: Sharma Rakesh , Katz Jose K.
Published: January 2009

Purpose: Regional wall thickening measurement by delayed contrast MRI may assess myocardial viability and functional recovery of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Materials and methods: Delayed contrast MRI data was used in 40 patients with significant coronary artery disease and severe left ventricular dysfunction. Regional wall thickening on follow‐up MRI served as an index of functional recovery in patients receiving revascularization. For comparison, myocardial viability was assessed by MRI and 201Tl SPECT in 10 patients using a 17‐segment method. Results: On 480 segments, MRI hyperintensities showed positive correlation with 201Tl reduction (r = 0.71, p < 0.0001) in the inferior wall and apex. Delayed MRI detected myocardial viability better than 201Tl SPECT. Delayed contrast‐enhanced MRI showed diagnostic accuracy 65%, sensitivity 95%, specificity 25%, positive predictive value 65% and negative predictive value 75%, whereas 201Tl SPECT showed diagnostic accuracy 54%, sensitivity 72%, specificity 25%, positive predictive value 52% and negative predictive value 54%. Areas under the ROC curves by MRI and 201Tl SPECT were 0.59 ± 0.04, 0.52 ± 0.05, respectively (p = 0.07). The viability concordance was 80% between 201Tl SPECT and MRI. Conclusion: Delayed contrast‐enhanced MRI may detect the inferior wall thickening and apex as an index of viable myocardium better than 201Tl SPECT. Myocardial viability may predict functional recovery after revascularization in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time to prostate‐specific antigen nadir independently predicts overall survival in patients who have metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer treated with androgen‐deprivation therapy
Authors: Choueiri Toni K. , Xie Wanling , D'Amico Anthony V. , Ross Robert W. , Hu Jim C. , Pomerantz Mark , Regan Meredith M. , Taplin Mary‐Ellen , Kantoff Philip W. , Sartor Oliver , Oh William K.
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relation between the kinetics of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) decline after the initiation of androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) and overall survival (OS) in men with metastatic, hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC).

METHODS:

The authors' institutional database was used to identify a cohort of men with metastatic HSPC who were treated with ADT. Patients were included if they had at least 2 serum PSA determinations before PSA nadir and at least 1 serum PSA value available within 1 month of ADT initiation. Patient characteristics, PSA at ADT initiation, nadir PSA, time to PSA nadir (TTN), and PSA decline (PSAD) in relation to OS were analyzed.

RESULTS:

One hundred seventy‐nine patients were identified, and they had a median follow‐up after ADT initiation of 4 years. The median OS after ADT initiation was 7 years. The median PSA level at ADT initiation and PSA nadir were 47 ng/mL and 0.28 ng/mL, respectively. On univariate analysis: TTN <6 months, PSAD >52 ng/mL per year, PSA nadir ≥0.2 ng/mL, PSA ≥47.2 ng/mL at ADT initiation, and Gleason score >7 were associated with shorter OS. On multivariate analysis, TTN <6 months, Gleason score >7, and PSA nadir ≥0.2 ng/mL independently predicted shorter OS.

CONCLUSIONS:

To the authors' knowledge, this was the first report to demonstrate that a faster time to reach a PSA nadir after the initiation of ADT was associated with shorter survival duration in men with metastatic HSPC. These results need confirmation but may indicate that a rapid initial response to ADT indicates more aggressive disease. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Breast biopsy patterns and outcomes in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results—Medicare data
Authors: Friese Christopher R. , Neville Bridget A. , Edge Stephen B. , Hassett Michael J. , Earle Craig C.
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND:

Despite known benefits to needle biopsy for suspicious breast lesions, variability in the use of this technique has been documented in practice. We sought to study the use of needle biopsy and open surgical biopsy in women with breast cancer, predictors of needle biopsy use, and the effect of biopsy choice on overall number of surgical procedures needed to treat breast cancer.

METHODS:

We analyzed Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare data for 45,542 women diagnosed between 1991 and 1999 with ductal carcinoma in situ and stage I‐II breast cancer. By using diagnosis and procedure codes from 3 months before to 6 months after the SEER diagnosis, we classified the initial biopsy as needle or surgical. By using multivariate logistic regression, we identified patient and tumor characteristics associated with needle biopsy use, and estimated the association between initial biopsy type and likelihood for multiple breast surgeries.

RESULTS:

Needle biopsy was the initial procedure for 11,073 (24.3%) women. In multivariate analyses, needle biopsy use varied significantly by race, year of diagnosis, and tumor size. After controlling for patient and tumor characteristics, needle biopsy use was associated with a reduced likelihood of multiple breast surgeries (odds ratio, 0.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.34‐0.37).

CONCLUSIONS:

Use of needle biopsy as the initial breast cancer procedure was more common among black women and those with larger tumors, and increased significantly over time. Providers should consider needle biopsy when clinically feasible as the initial breast procedure, because it may reduce the number of surgeries needed to treat breast cancer. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
An assessment of erythroid response to epoetin α as a single agent versus in combination with granulocyte– or granulocyte‐macrophage–colony‐stimulating factor in myelodysplastic syndromes using a meta‐analysis approach
Authors: Mundle Suneel , Lefebvre Patrick , Vekeman Francis , Duh Mei Scheng , Rastogi Ruchi , Moyo Victor
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND:

Epoetin α (EPO) continues to be the initial treatment of choice for most anemic patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Over the years, different therapeutic strategies have been adopted to optimize the clinical benefits of EPO in this setting.

METHODS:

In the current meta‐analysis of published literature, erythroid response (ER) rates with EPO as a single agent versus its combination with granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) or granulocyte‐macrophage–colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) were compared.

RESULTS:

The assessment indicated that the ER rates were comparable between the 2 EPO‐based therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, EPO monotherapy at a higher dose of 60,000 to 80,000 U weekly produced significantly higher ER rates (64.5%) compared with the standard oncology dose of 30,000 to 40,000 U weekly either as a single agent (49%; P < .001) or in combination with G‐CSF/GM‐CSF (50.6% P = .007). In addition, when transfusion‐dependent patients were assessed separately, both EPO monotherapy and its combination with G‐CSF/GM‐CSF produced comparable and appreciable levels of transfusion independence (28.8% and 24.8%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:

In the current meta‐analysis, higher doses of EPO demonstrated better ER rates compared with EPO at standard doses alone or in combination with G‐CSF/GM‐CSF. Furthermore, the authors concluded that prospective clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the use of higher doses of EPO in anemic patients with MDS. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Comparison of American Joint Committee on Cancer pathologic stage T3a versus T3b urothelial carcinoma: Analysis of patient outcomes
Authors: Boudreaux Kelly J. , Chang Sam S. , Lowrance William T. , Rumohr Jon A. , Barocas Daniel A. , Cookson Michael S. , Smith Joseph A. , Clark Peter E.
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND:

The radical cystectomy experience at Vanderbilt University Medical Center was scrutinized to determine whether there was a difference in survival between patients with lymph node‐negative pathologic T3a versus pathologic T3b urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

METHODS:

Pathologic and clinical data were reviewed on patients who underwent radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma between 1995 and 2005. We excluded patients with nontransitional cell cancer, lymph node disease, or with unknown lymph node status. Of the 790 reviewed patients, 75 patients (9.4%) were diagnosed with pathologic T3 urothelial cancer of the bladder. The impact of pathologic substaging (pT3a vs pT3b) was examined to determine the effect on overall, disease‐specific, and recurrence‐free survival.

RESULTS:

The mean age was 68.6 years (36 years to 83 years). Median overall follow‐up was 25.3 months (1.13 months to 130.17 months). Median follow‐up for patients alive at last follow‐up was 55.9 months (25.3 months to 130.2 months). Actuarial overall survival at 5 years was 29.5% for pT3a and 29.3% for pT3b (P = .79). Actuarial disease‐specific survival at 5 years was 54.1% for pT3a and 42.4% for pT3b (P = .21). Actuarial recurrence‐free survival at 5 years was 68.1% for pT3a and 71.9% for pT3b (P = .53).

CONCLUSIONS:

There were no significant differences in overall, disease‐specific, or recurrence‐free survival when comparing lymph node‐negative pT3a versus pT3b urothelial cancer of the bladder following radical cystectomy. Simplification of pathologic staging for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder should be considered at future revisions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Iron supplementation and erythropoiesis‐stimulatory agents in the treatment of cancer anemia
Authors: Pedrazzoli Paolo , Rosti Giovanni , Secondino Simona , Siena Salvatore
Published: January 2009

Unresponsiveness to erythropoiesis‐stimulatory agents (ESA), which occurs in 30% to 50% of patients, is a major limitation to the treatment of chemotherapy‐related anemia (CRA). This may be related in part to the dysregulation of iron metabolism, leading to functional iron deficiency. However, the use of iron supplementation during treatment with ESA has not been pursued as rigorously in anemic patients with cancer as it has in patients with chronic kidney disease. In this article, the authors discuss the role of iron supplementation in the setting of CRA in view of recent reports that have addressed this issue. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.