bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction to NJWLS 2018-4
Authors: Buch Anders
Published: January 2019

This issue of Nordic Working Life Studies is composed of four articles that continue and advance the ambition to get to grips with work life quality. From different angles, and based on different research material from three Nordic countries (Norway, Sweden, and Finland), the articles investigate aspects and dimensions of working life that are para- mount for quality of work (...)
Supremacía judicial: el control constitucional del derecho viviente en Colombia
Authors: Cruz Rodríguez Michael
Published: January 2019

El artículo sostiene que la Corte Constitucional ha usado la distinción entre disposición y norma ejerciendo control sobre la jurisprudencia de las altas cortes en forma estratégica, para reivindicar su superioridad funcional como guardiana de la Constitución y obtener soporte judicial para sus decisiones, evitando confrontaciones directas o “choques de trenes” con dichas cortes. Como consecuencia de este uso se presentan algunas ambigüedades sobre la concepción del derecho viviente y su aplicación. Para desarrollar esta hipótesis el artículo se divide en tres partes. La primera presenta el uso de la distinción entre disposición y norma y sus repercusiones políticas, luego reconstruye sistemáticamente la doctrina del derecho viviente, su significado y alcance, como un escenario constitucional en el que dicha distinción tiene aplicación. La segunda parte evalúa el uso estratégico de la claridad y la ambigüedad de la doctrina, interpretando el sentido de la validez constitucional del derecho viviente, la forma en que se realiza su control respecto a la comunidad jurídica y la extensión de dicho concepto a la jurisprudencia interamericana. En la última parte se sintetizan las conclusiones.
PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES IN CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL MODELING OF PARODONTITIS IN RABBITS
Authors: Мирошниченко Виктория , Miroshnichenko Viktoriya , Марчук Вадим , Marchuk Vadim , Четвертак Павел , Chetvertak Pavel , Кузьмина Марина , Kuzmina                                                                                                               Marina V. Kuzmina Marina                                                           Marina V. Kuzmina
Published: January 2019

Background. Developed local periodontitis in a laboratory rabbit was reproduced experimentally with a ligature method used. Clinical changes, peculiarities of anatomical structure and pathomorphological changes of periodontal tissues were considered at the stages of the experiment. Perfected the technique of local initiation of periodontitis around the incisors of the lower jaw was perfected with the help of ligature method by Volozhin A. I., Vinogradova S. I. modification of 1993. The features of the technique and recommendations for its implementation were stated. The possibility of using rabbits as a biological model for modeling inflammation in periodontal tissues was evaluated.
Object. The aim of the study was to assess in normal conditions and to compare the pathological changes of marginal division of the gums on the stages of artificially initiated periodontitis in the rabbit with the data obtained biopsy material in humans.
Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on three rabbits of the Chinchilla breed weighing 2500 to 3000 grams, in which local periodontitis initiated according to the method of initiation of local periodontitis around the incisors of the lower jaw with ligature method by Volozhin A. I., Vinogradova S. I. modification of 1993. Clinical and histological data were collected during the experimental stages. Then they were compared with the data obtained in humans.
Results. The study has identified features of technology for artificial simulation of periodontitis. Also, it has been determined that the histological tissue samples in norm and pathology, and clinical signs of developed periodontitis proved similarity of anatomical and pathological structures at marginal division of the gum for both rabbits and humans. Thus, the use of rabbits as a biological model for the modeling of periodontitis and the choice of modern methods of treatment of periodontitis is possible.
DISLOCATION OF THE TMJ DISC AS A RESULT OF THE LATERAL DISPLACEMENT OF THE MANDIBLE
Authors: Воронина Екатерина , Voronina Ekaterina , Нуриева Наталья , Nurieva Natal'ya , Васильев Юрий , Vasilev Yuri , Делец Александр , Delec Aleksandr
Published: January 2019

Subject. Questions of diagnostics and revealing of the reasons of temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are very significant now. Realities of modern stomatology have a significant impact, namely, use of materials with high durability and rigidity, widely available of total restorations and orthodontic treatment, insufficiency of the high-grade diagnostics of maxillofacial pathology for revealing latent, compensated TMJ disorders before stomatologic intervention. All these factors leads to occurrence of patients with the expressed, developed semiology. The purpose. To consider interrelation of various occlusion derangements, lateral displacement of the mandible and internal TMJ disorders (or dislocations of the TMJ disc, intraarticulate elements). Methodology. The estimation of frequency of occurrence of TMJ disc dislocations according to literary sources is carried out, various etiological factors of internal TMJ disorders are considered, in particular, some types of pathological occlusion, which may have an essential impact on the violation of the ratio of intraarticulate elements. Two clinical cases of patients with TMJ disorders with similar semiology and presence of transversal malocclusion due to improper jaws growth and presence of the acquired pathology as result of stomatologic intervention as an example. Results of research. According to the domestic and foreign literature the role of occlusion factors in development of TMJ disorders is represents approximately 10―20 %, however there are researches by types of occlusal disorders which almost always lead to those or other TMJ disorders. Conclusion. It is revealed, that transversal malocclusion most often provokes TMJ dysfunction and internal joint disorders. In the future it is planned to reveal occlusal factors which able to provoke the development of TMJ disorders with high probability, mechanism of their influence and methods of revealing.
Los Incoterms como instrumento de derecho suave (soft law)
Authors: Calderón Marenco Eduardo
Published: January 2019

Derivado de las profundas transformaciones que ha experimentado el Dere­cho internacional, la Lex Mercatoria y el Derecho suave (Soft law) han emergido como una alternativa al tradicional Derecho duro (Hard law). Con el paso del tiempo el Derecho suave (Soft law) ha ido adquiriendo un mayor protagonismo en el escenario jurídico internacional, posicionándose como un instrumento del que gozan las partes para regular sus transacciones internacionales, aun­que carezca de efectos vinculantes. No obstante se encuentra revestido de voluntariedad, por medio de la autonomía conflictual, lo que les otorga un carácter vinculante para las partes. Es así que este Derecho se compone de un amplio espectro de instrumentos, los que encuentran aceptación en los diferentes sistemas jurídicos, en variadas áreas del derecho, y dan respuesta a las necesidades de los diferentes interesados. Empero, en el ámbito comercial internacional estos instrumentos se han nutrido de la Lex Mercatoria, un ejemplo de ello son los Incoterms, usos y costumbres que uniforman y sistematizan este ordenamiento jurídico, creado por los comerciantes, propio de los negocios jurídicos de compraventa internacional de mercadería. Por esto consideramos relevante analizar esta nueva corriente a nivel internacional y su incorporación dinámica en estos instrumentos jurídicos.
AVALIAÇÃO DE LIVROS NA ÁREA DE SERVIÇO SOCIAL: reflexões (im)pertinentes
Authors: Garcia Maria Lúcia Teixeira , Nogueira Vera Maria Ribeiro , Forti Valéria Lucília , Santana Joana Valente
Published: January 2019

Este artigo objetiva divulgar algumas informações e considerações que possam suscitar refl exões sobre o processo de avaliação da produção em livros, realizado durante a quadrienal 2017, na Capes. Buscou-se sinalizar as temáticas abordadas, evidenciando alguns impasses e difi culdades sentidas pelos Programas. E, para isso, nossa apreciação teve em conta normativas do Serviço Social, particularmente, as Diretrizes Curriculares da ABEPSS, pesquisas bibliográfica e documental e os dados produzidos pela Capes relativos aos 2 últimos ciclos de avaliação (Relatório de Avaliação da área de Serviço Social Trienal 2010 e 2013, Quadrienal 2017 e Planilha de avaliação de livros 2010, 2013 e 2017). O estudo busca indicar, também, alguns dos limites futuros à manutenção do atual modelo de avaliação de livros, em face dos esforços e custos que esse impõeaos Programas, à área e aos professores envolvidos.Palavras-chave: Pós-Graduação, avaliação de livros, produção de conhecimento, Serviço Social.
AS NOVAS FORMAS DE ORGANIZAÇÃO E ARTICULAÇÃO DAS CLASSES DOMINANTES: o MBL em questão
Authors: Guimarães Maria Clariça Ribeiro
Published: January 2019

Considerando a reatualização da “cultura da crise” e as novas formas de articulação das classes dominantes mobilizadas neste contexto, este artigo objetiva analisar o substrato político-ideológico de algumas das principais reivindicações do Movimento Brasil Livre (MBL) como um dos principais sujeitos coletivos presentes na cena pública que aglutina e representa os interesses dominantes. Para tanto, procede à revisão bibliográfi ca e pesquisa documental em materiais produzidos pelo referido movimento. Desse modo, observa, explicitamente, a defesa da dualidade privatização e repressão como alternativa para as políticas públicas, o que permite concluir que se trata na realidade da defesa da não política.Palavras-chave: Crise, MBL, políticas públicas
O GOLPE DE ESTADO NO BRASIL EM 2016 E INFLEXÕES NA POLÍTICA DE EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR
Authors: Soares Raí Vieira , Nobre Maria Cristina de Queiroz
Published: January 2019

O artigo traz refl exão sobre a conjuntura brasileira a partir do Golpe de Estado de 2016, considerando o enredo e principais forças políticas envolvidas no episódio, o consequente aprofundamento da crise econômica, política e institucional, o seu signifi cado no contexto da crise do capital, e as medidas políticas, legislativas e administrativas que daí resultaram e que têm claro teor regressista quanto aos direitos sociais, trabalhistas e políticos, em especial os rebatimentos na educação superior. A análise se desenvolve considerando também as raízes autocráticas da sociedade brasileira e suas particularidades enquanto desenvolvimento capitalista tardio, dependente e heteronômico, determinações fundamentais para o engendramento de novo período com democracia restrita.Palavras-chave: Sociedade Brasileira, golpe, educação superior.
Nutrition for the Surgical Infant with Gastroschisis
Authors: Wessel Jacqueline Jones
Published: January 2019

Nutrition for the infant with gastroschisis is a complex topic and there is not a lot of uniformity in the literature to formulate evidence-based care. This article discusses more recent findings in the literature as we search for an effective method of feeding these infants. Issues with growth and development, illustrating the variety of outcomes, are also addressed.
Билтен Књижничар – гласило за обуку библиотекара Војводине
Authors: Драгосавац Бранка , Павловић Ана , Стефановић Катарина
Published: January 2019

Билтен Књижничар излазио је у периоду од 1952. до 1958. године као гласило Библиотечког центра Аутономне покрајине Војводине. Основни циљ му је био да се библиотекари упуте у библиотекарске послове и информишу о свим догађањима у струци. Kao први војвођански библиотекарски часопис изашао je у седам годишта и укупно штампаних 28 свезака. До 1956. године излазио је тромесечно, док су последња два годишта објављена полугодишње. Нумерација свезака била је континуирана, све време, док су стране нумерисане континуирано до краја 1957. године. До броја 23–24 било је укупно 746 страница штампаног текста, а свеске 25–26 и 27–28 броје 192 стране.У раду су представљене рубрике и текстови Књижничара током његовог седмогодишњег излажења. Билтен је, условно речено, имао два периода – први (1952–1953) у коме су већим делом редакцијски текстови о формирању и организовању библиотека и други (1954–1958) када су осмишљене рубрике и повећан број аутора текстова из различитих области библиотекарства.
DIREITO E TRANSFOBIA: estudo dos limites sobre a retificação de registro civil de pessoas trans
Authors: Mariano Gustavo Borges
Published: January 2019

O artigo pretende analisar o discurso sobre a retificação do registro civil de pessoas trans e como esse discurso forma uma matriz de inteligibilidade sobre elas. O objeto de análise foi a dogmática jurídica dominante e a jurisprudência do Estado de São Paulo. Tanto a dogmática quanto a jurisprudência demonstraram um senso comum teórico dos juristas que apoia a alteração de nome e sexo no registro civil de pessoas transexuais, não de travestis. Com base em Butler, Foucault e Warat, foi possível perceber que não há reconhecimento completo de pessoas trans, porquanto ainda existe um controle jurídico sobre as possibilidades de alterar o registro civil com fundamento na autonomia e dignidade do sujeito.
A LIBERDADE DE EXPRESSÃO ENTRE MONARQUIA E REPÚBLICA: UMA HISTÓRIA DE IGUALDADE E HIERARQUIA NA CURITIBA DE 1889
Authors: Lobo Judá Leão , De Souza Otávio Oliveira
Published: January 2019

O fim dos anos 1880 tem uma importância especial para a história constitucional brasileira, pois marca a transição do regime monárquico ao republicano. A despeito dos diversos estudos sobre o tema, ainda não houve comparação sistemática entre monarquia e república sob o viés da liberdade de expressão. Sem pretender solução definitiva, o presente trabalho buscou comparar em qual dos regimes foi mais ampla tal liberdade, adotando o ano da transição como recorte de pesquisa. Sob inspiração do método indiciário de Carlo Ginzburg, analisaram-se os principais jornais da imprensa política curitibana publicados em 1889. Após a investigação das fontes, pode-se afirmar não ter havido superioridade de um dos regimes tratando-se de liberdade de expressão, ao menos nos primeiros meses do governo provisório. Nesse quesito, a passagem da monarquia para a república parece ter-se caracterizado por significativas continuidades, inclusive do ideário anti-igualitário dominante entre as oligarquias locais.
Donas de casa, de prostituição: sobre as violências decorrentes da criminalização dos contextos destas práticas
Authors: Patriarca Letizia
Published: January 2019

Neste trabalho, abordo a realização da prostituição, com foco em donas e suas casas de prostituição. Tal relação é criminalizada pelo Código Penal brasileiro, embora haja a tramitação do PL 4211/2012, conhecido como Gabriela Leite, que visa justamente regulamentar tal relação e os estabelecimentos nos quais se realizam programas. Este entendimento combina com a atuação de organizações políticas de profissionais do sexo e com o trabalho etnográfico que realizei no mestrado junto a donas de casas de prostituição em um bairro específico no qual funcionam cerca de 200 arranjos diversos de estabelecimentos. A existência desse bairro aponta para a importância de considerar a prática da prostituição a partir de seu contexto de realização. Desta forma, proponho uma discussão acerca da criminalização de donas/donos e suas casas de prostituição, sobretudo pela violência decorrente para as pessoas envolvidas na realização de programas, bem como questiono as formas de escrita antropológica que podem ser efetivadas acerca de uma relação que é criminalizada.
Universidade e delegacia de defesa da mulher: trânsitos e narrativas no enfrentamento à violência de gênero
Authors: Melo Ana Clara Klink de , Apolônio Nóbrega Fernanda , Costa Meneses Nunes Fernanda , Ferrari e Silva Maria Carolina , De Carvalho Ramos Bortoletto Isabella , Abrahão Homsi Julia , Ueda Vella Letícia , Mozetic Plastino Luisa , Scaramuzza Bressan Marina , Casanovas Reis Paloma , Gagliardi Amantini Stephani
Published: January 2019

O Grupo de Empoderamento Feminino é uma atividade de cultura e extensão da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo (FDUSP) voltado à pesquisa e à prática com temas ligados à violência de gênero, em especial à violência doméstica e à Lei Maria da Penha (LMP). Nesse contexto, a pesquisa, de viés antropológico no âmbito do ensino jurídico, surge como oportunidade de (re)pensar políticas públicas e falhas estruturais nos instrumentos de concretização do direito. A investigação busca narrativas daquelas que operam a LMP na prática, tendo em vista que pensar as dinâmicas das Delegacias de Defesa da Mulher (DDM) perpassa a necessidade de um direito aberto às vozes das suas aplicadoras. Realizamos entrevistas e visitas de observação da rotina das funcionárias e, no material coletado, identificamos três principais eixos de análise: (i) a visão da Universidade dentro do contexto da DDM, (ii) sistemas e dinâmicas internas, (iii) entendimentos sobre ser mulher-vítima e relações de gênero. O trabalho buscou, assim, revisitar as fronteiras disciplinares que marcam a antropologia e o direito nas universidades, utilizando conceitos-chave ligados aos estudos de gênero, violência institucional, direitos humanos e antropologia jurídica
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN THE COMPANY. TEXTBOOK
Authors: Kaledin Sergey
Published: January 2019

This edition is adapted to modern techniques of a financial analysis of accounting entities in the conditions of market restructuring of the entities working at commercial (economic) calculation.
The multiple educational task containing in the education guidance allows the students studying in 38.03.02 "Management" at high professional level independently to carry out standard economic, financial and commercial calculations; analysis, modeling and plan-ning of financial performance of the entity.
The algorithm of calculations of all block of indicators of the complex financial and eco-nomic analysis of activities of accounting entities provided in an educational task is of un-doubted interest and will be useful to heads, chief accountants, specialists of financial and economic divisions of the entities with any form of business of property in the course of effective economic practice.
Simple Method of Creating Hydrophobic Surfaces Based on Modified MW-CNTs
Authors: Eseev Marat , Goshev Andrey , Kapustin Sergey
Published: January 2019

The creation of hydrophobic, antifreeze and self-cleaning coatings is currently being pursued by many industrial sectors. The potential applications include the production of liquid and gas separators and filters, new materials, optical and microelectronic devices, and textiles and clothing. These coatings will also have wide application in the construction and automobile industries, shipping, and energy and agricultural sectors. The article proposes a simple approach to the creation of superhydrophobic and antifreeze coatings, by applying powder from multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MW-CNTs) to the sample surface. This method enables combination of the necessary factors: low surface energy, micro–nano-roughness and hierarchical multi-scale. The authors investigated the dependence of the wetting angle of such a surface on the time, type and degree of functionalization. The electrophysical properties of modified MW-CNTs were studied over wide frequency and temperature ranges. This method of obtaining hydrophobic coatings differs from currently available methods in that it is simpler to prepare, is of lower cost and has less environmental impact. The proposed approach can be used to create superhydrophobic coatings that have the additional function of removing static charge and therefore reducing surface heating, and which can be used in the field of energetics for protection against the freezing of wind turbine blades and aircraft surfaces.
Cetacean Morbillivirus, a Journey from Land to Sea and viceversa
Authors: Di Guardo Giovanni , Mazzariol Sandro
Published: January 2019

Cetacean Morbillivirus, the most relevant pathogen impacting the health and conservation of cetaceans worldwide, has shown in recent years an increased tendency to cross “interspecies barriers”, thereby giving rise to disease and mortality outbreaks in free-ranging dolphins and whales. The present article deals with the evolutionary “trajectories” of this viral pathogen, likely originating from Rinderpest Virus, along with its “journey” from land to sea (and viceversa), mimicking that of cetaceans' terrestrial ancestors.
Dysbiosis Promotes Gastric Diseases and Impede Therapies by Hijacking Gut Immune Homeostasis
Authors: Toor Devinder , Wsson Mishi , Goel Chavi , Kaushik Naveen Kumar , Kumar Prashant , Sandhya Singh , Karthikeyan G. , Kumar Anil , Prakash Hridayesh
Published: January 2019

Perturbation in the microbial population/colony index has harmful consequences on human health. Both biological and social factors influence the composition of the gut microbiota and promote gastric diseases. Changes in the gut microbiota manifest in disease progression owing to epigenetic modification in host which influences differentiation and function of immune cells adversely. Uncontrolled use of antibiotics; chemotherapeutic drugs and change in the diet pattern usually contribute to the changes in the colony index of sensitive strains known to release microbial content in the tissue micromillieu. Ligands released from dying microbes induce TLR mimicry on interaction with TLR abnormally which skew hypoxia and sterile inflammation contributing to severity of disease like IBD autoimmunity and cancer. Various modalities/interventions practiced across the globe and future strategies for microbiota based therapeutic approaches with special emphasis on tumor and inflammatory diseases are reviewed here. Therefore the major aim and scope of this manuscript is to both discuss various modalities/interventions across the globe and to design future microbiota based therapeutic approaches for mitigating the burden with special emphasis on tumor and Inflammatory diseases.
Education is very important in human life, especially children, as the successor generation of people. The phenomenon of street children in the Holy city is not much different in other big cities in Indonesia. Activities of children on the streets are as beggars and buskers. On average, they are still listed as students in formal education, although some of them took the decision to get out of the formal education. The author tries to analyze the phenomenon with the sociological approach, namely dramartugi theory, action and motivation developed by David McClelland
Authors: Farihah Irzum , Saidah Khoiri Rotus
Published: January 2019

Education is very important in human life, especially children, as the
successor generation of people. The phenomenon of street children in the Holy
city is not much different in other big cities in Indonesia. Activities of children
on the streets are as beggars and buskers. On average, they are still listed as
students in formal education, although some of them took the decision to get
out of the formal education. The author tries to analyze the phenomenon with
the sociological approach, namely dramartugi theory, action and motivation
developed by David McClelland
PENTINGNYA PERAN BAHASA DALAM PENDIDIKAN USIA DINI (PAUD)
Authors: Muflihah Muflihah
Published: January 2019

Language is the tool of human interaction to convey a message or
idea in fikiranya. It is an extraordinary thing if they were involved in early
childhood education teaching materials capable of delivering them well. The
students of this age are vulnerable times for them. If they are too restrained, it
will hinder their psychological development, and vice versa if they are also not
be allowed, it will stabilize their development. Therefore at this time they still
play, seek attention, and look for praise. Then an educator should be able to
convey recording a language pack.
History of Childhood Abuse in Populations Incarcerated in Canada: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bodkin Claire , Pivnick Lucie , Bondy Susan J. , Ziegler Carolyn , Martin Ruth Elwood , Jernigan Carey , Kouyoumdjian Fiona
Published: January 2019

Background. A history of childhood abuse may affect people’s health and criminal justice system involvement. Understanding the prevalence of childhood abuse among individuals in prison is important to inform effective and appropriate correctional services.

Objectives. To review and summarize data on the prevalence of childhood abuse among people experiencing imprisonment in Canada.

Search Methods. We searched for studies in bibliographic indexes, reference lists, and gray literature, and we consulted experts.

Selection Criteria. We included studies published since 1987 that reported data on prevalence of a history of abuse before the age of 18 years among people in Canadian prisons, including any abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect.

Data Collection and Analysis. Two authors independently reviewed titles and abstracts for eligibility and reviewed full texts for eligibility. Analyses included summary estimates and meta-regression with random effects.

Main Results. The search identified 1429 records. We included 34 unique studies in our review and 29 nonoverlapping studies in our meta-analysis. The summary prevalence for any type of childhood abuse was 65.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 52.6, 77.7; range = 56.2% to 75.0%) among women; only one study reported the prevalence among men (35.5%). The summary prevalence of sexual abuse was 50.4% (95% CI = 33.5, 67.2; range = 9.9% to 77.3%) among women and 21.9% (95% CI = 15.7, 28.8; range = 8.3% to 55.6%) among men. The prevalence of neglect was 51.5% (95% CI = 43.1, 59.7; range = 45.5% to 65.1%) among women and 42.0% (95% CI = 12.7, 74.6; range = 6.8% to 99.0%) among men. The prevalence of physical abuse was 47.7% (95% CI = 41.3, 54.0; range = 16.3% to 83.0%), and the prevalence of emotional abuse was 51.5% (95% CI = 34.8, 67.9; range = 8.7% to 96.0%); we did not find differences according to gender. Prevalence estimates for all types of abuse showed high and unexplained variability across studies.

Conclusions. Half of people in prisons in Canada experienced abuse in childhood.

Public Health Implications. Prisons should incorporate trauma-informed approaches. Research is required to understand the association between a history of childhood abuse and criminal justice system involvement and to prevent childhood abuse and mitigate its adverse effects.

Systematic Review Registration. PROSPERO CRD42017056192.
Abortion Disclosure Laws and the First Amendment: The Broader Public Health Implications of the Supreme Court’s Becerra Decision
Authors: Pomeranz Jennifer L.
Published: January 2019

In 2018, the US Supreme Court analyzed a California state requirement that clinics serving pregnant women must provide government notices—1 for licensed clinics about the availability of state health services including abortion and 1 for unlicensed clinics, notifying potential clients that the clinics are not licensed medical facilities and have no licensed medical professionals on-site.

The Supreme Court found that both notices violated the First Amendment rights of the clinics. The Supreme Court’s opinion elicits new uncertainties about the government’s ability to require the disclosure of factual information in the context of reproductive health services and more broadly in the commercial context.

However, the Supreme Court’s silence on 1 of the state’s purposes for the unlicensed clinic notice, which was to address deceptive speech by the clinics, highlights a potential avenue for future regulation. Policymakers can require the disclosure of factual information in the commercial context specifically to prevent consumer deception consistent with the First Amendment. Public health researchers can generate evidence to support such disclosure requirements intended to protect health and safety.
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Acetabular Fractures Using the Modified Stoppa Approach
Authors: Tannast Moritz , Keel Marius J. B. , Siebenrock Klaus-Arno , Bastian Johannes D.
Published: January 2019

Background:

The modified Stoppa approach is performed for safe and efficient management of acetabular fractures involving the anterior column. This approach avoids dissection of the inguinal canal, the femoral nerve, and the external iliac vessels as seen in the “second window” of the ilioinguinal approach and has thus been shown to be less invasive than the ilioinguinal approach
1
. As an intrapelvic approach, it facilitates the management of medial displacement fracture patterns involving the quadrilateral plate and dome impaction that typically occur in the elderly
2,3
. The reduced morbidity of this approach is of particular relevance for elderly patients who must respond to the stresses of injury and surgery with diminished physiological reserves.

Description:

The specific surgical steps include preoperative planning, patient positioning and setup, a Pfannenstiel incision, superficial and deep dissection, development of the Retzius space and retraction of the bladder, exposure of the superior pubic ramus and iliopectineal eminence, dissection and ligation of a potential corona mortis, exposure of the obturator nerve and vessels, subperiosteal preparation of the pubic ramus with retraction of the external iliac vessels, subperiosteal exposure of the quadrilateral plate with detachment of the internal obturator muscle and exposure of the posterior column, assessment of residual displacement by fluoroscopic views, longitudinal soft-tissue or lateral skeletal traction (optional) for reduction of medial displacement of the femoral head, disimpaction of the acetabular dome fragment and grafting of the supra-acetabular void (optional) under fluoroscopic and arthroscopic (optional) control, and reduction and fixation of extra-articular components (iliac wing posteriorly and pubic ramus anteriorly), the posterior column (infra-acetabular screw), and the quadrilateral plate (buttress plate). Before wound closure, the urine output is checked for occurrence of hematuria, an indication of bladder penetration. The anterior lamina of the rectus sheath is then sutured, and a layered closure performed.

Alternatives:

The ilioinguinal approach might be used instead.

Rationale:

The modified Stoppa approach avoids dissection within the inguinal canal, the second window of the ilioinguinal approach. Therefore, this approach is less invasive and might be an alternative for joint-preserving surgery, especially in the elderly.
Surgical Hip Dislocation for Exposure of the Posterior Column
Authors: Siebenrock Klaus-Arno , Keel Marius J.B. , Tannast Moritz , Bastian Johannes D.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Surgical hip dislocation is performed for safe and efficient management of acetabular fractures predominantly involving the posterior column. The dislocation of the femoral head allows for direct visualization of the hip joint during fracture treatment.

Description:

The patient is placed in the lateral decubitus position with sterile preparation and draping of the ipsilateral leg to allow for dislocation. The skin incision is straight and centered over the greater trochanter. After the skin incision, the interval between the gluteus maximus and medius muscles is developed. The sciatic nerve is identified, and special attention to the course of the medial circumflex femoral artery is given during dissection of the piriformis and triceps coxae muscles (obturator internus and superior and inferior gemelli muscles). The latter are incised 2 cm posterior to their insertion on the posterior aspect of the greater trochanter. The vastus lateralis muscle belly is elevated from the lateral femoral shaft, and a trochanteric osteotomy is performed. The trochanteric medallion is rotated 90°, and the gluteus minimus muscle is released from the capsule. After complete exposure of the hip capsule, a z-shaped capsulotomy is performed whereby any injury to the posterior capsular attachments of a posterior wall fragment is avoided. The posterior column and the greater and lesser sciatic notches are exposed, with the sciatic nerve under protection. The femoral head is dislocated either anteriorly or posteriorly to obtain direct visualization of the hip. Reduction begins at the articular surface, in cases of marginal impaction, and proceeds to the posterior wall and/or posterior column and the anterior column, when involved. For fixation, 3.5-mm cortical screws acting as positioning or lag screws and reconstruction plates are used. The capsule is sutured, the trochanteric fragment is reduced anatomically and stabilized with two 3.5-mm cortical screws, the piriformis and triceps coxae muscles are sutured, and a layered closure is performed.

Alternatives:

The Kocher-Langenbeck approach might be used instead.

Rationale:

Surgical hip dislocation facilitates assessment of cartilage damage at the acetabulum, marginal impaction, labral tears and femoral head lesions, removal or reinsertion of free intra-articular fracture fragments, direct visualization of the accuracy of reduction, and verification of extra-articular screw placement.
Comparison of Postoperative Visual Performance Between Bifocal and Trifocal Intraocular Lens Based on Randomized Controlled Trails: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jin Shanshan , Friedman David S. , Cao MM Kai , Yusufu MA Mayinuer , Zhang MM Jingshang , Wang Jinda , Hou MM Simeng , Zhu MB Guyu , Wang Bingsong , Xiong Ying , Li Jing , Li Xiaoxia , He MB Hailong , Wan Xiu Hua
Published: January 2019

Background：To compare the clinical performance of bifocal and trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) in cataract surgery, a meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials was conducted.
Methods: A comprehensive literature retrieval of PubMed, Science Direct and EMBASE was performed in this systematic review. Clinical outcomes included visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), spectacle independence, postoperative refraction and surgical satisfaction.
Results: There were 8 RCTs included in this study. The difference of uncorrected near VA (UNVA) between the bifocal IOLs and trifocal IOLs had no clinical significance [MD=-0.01, 95%CI: (-0.02,0.00), p=0.97]. There was no difference for the distant-corrected near VA (DCNVA) with MD of 0.01[95%CI (-0.02, 0.05), p=0.86]. Compared with trifocal group, bifocal group showed a significantly worse uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA) [MD=0.09,95%CI:(0.01,0.17), p＜0.01]. No difference was found in distance-corrected intermediate VA(DCIVA) [MD= 0.09, 95%CI: (-0.04, 0.23) , p＜0.01] between two groups. For the AT LISA group, the subgroup analysis also indicated the bifocal group had worse intermediate VA than trifocal group (AT LISA tri 839M) [MD= 0.18, 95%CI: (0.12, 0.24), p=0.35 for UIVA and MD= 0.19, 95%CI: (0.13, 0.25), p=0.21 for DCIVA]. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the uncorrected distance VA(UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) [MD=0.01, 95%CI: (-0.01,0.04), p=0.51 for UDVA; MD=0.00, 95%CI: (-0.01,0.01), p=0.94 for CDVA].
The postoperative refraction of bifocal group was similar to that of trifocal group [MD=-0.08, 95% CI: (-0.19, 0.03), p=0.51 for spherical equivalent; MD=-0.09, 95%CI: (-0.21, 0.03), p=0.78 for cylinder; MD=-0.09, 95% CI: (-0.27, 0.08), p=0.28 for sphere]. No difference was found for spectacle independence, Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) incidence and patient satisfaction between bifocal IOLs and trifocal IOLs. [RR=0.89, 95% CI: (0.71, 1.12), p=0.69 for spectacle independence; RR=0.81, 95% CI: (0.74, 1.15), p=0.65 for PCO; RR=0.98, 5% CI: (0.86, 1.12), p=0.97 for satisfaction].
Conclusion: Patients receiving trifocal IOLs have a better intermediate VA than bifocal IOLs, especially for the AT LISA subgroup. Near and distance visual performance, spectacle independence, postoperative refraction and surgical satisfaction of bifocal IOLs were similar to those of trifocal IOLs.
Comparison of the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation and Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods for Uncertainty Analysis of the ORYZA_V3 Model
Authors: Tan Junwei , Cao Jingjing , Cui Yuanlai , Duan Qingyun , Gong Wei
Published: January 2019

Uncertainties in crop model have attracted many attentions in recent years. The Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) and the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods have been widely used to quantify model uncertainties for hydrological models. While few papers have focused on the comparison of these two methods for a crop model, in this study the GLUE and MCMC were applied for parameter uncertainty analysis of the rice growth model ORYZA_V3. We examined the influence of subjective factors for the GLUE method, and made a comparison of results for the two methods. In the GLUE method, sample size of parameter sets exceeding 30,000 had negligible effects on the results, whereas the accepted sampling rates (ASR) had a pronounced influence on the posterior parameter distributions and the derived 95% confidence interval (95CI) of biomass simulations. Furthermore, the GLUE method failed to construct the posterior distributions for some less sensitive parameters. Due to the large dependence on ASR, the GLUE method might easily lead to deceptive results, and should be used with caution. Because the MCMC has a well‐documented statistical background and it can obtain clear and stable posterior distributions of parameters, this method is strongly recommended for crop model users in parameter uncertainty analysis.
Quantifying the Impact of Heat Stress on Pollen Germination, Seed Set, and Grain Filling in Spring Wheat
Authors: Bheemanahalli Raju , Sunoj V. S. John , Saripalli Gautam , Prasad P. V. Vara , Balyan H. S. , Gupta P. K. , Grant Nathan , Gill Kulvinder S. , Jagadish S. V. Krishna
Published: January 2019

Exposure to temperatures ≥30°C during flowering and grain filling stages can negatively affect seed set and seed weight in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The screening of a large set of germplasm under hot wheat growing environments (Indo‐Gangetic Plain in India) led to the identification of promising heat‐tolerant genotypes. The selected set of 28 diverse spring wheat genotypes were exposed to heat stress (34/16°C day/night temperatures) for 10 d during flowering and for 30 d during grain filling to quantify genetic variability in pollen germination, photosynthesis, and yield parameters under controlled‐environment conditions. Pollen grains collected immediately at anthesis (between 0530 and 0630 h) were incubated on liquid in vitro pollen germination media. Averaged across wheat genotypes, a significant reduction in pollen germination (39.9%, P < 0.001) was recorded from plants exposed to heat stress. Heat stress for 10 d during flowering induced significant reduction in seed number (15.4 and 23.0%) and seed weight (32.3 and 34.6%) on main and primary spikes, respectively, compared with the control. Heat stress during grain filling had a more pronounced impact on seed weight (16 and 22%) than seed number (2.7 and 9.3%) in main and primary spikes, respectively. Genotypes KSG025 and KSG1214 with higher seed number, seed weight, and harvest index and appreciable pollen germination under heat stress were identified as candidate donors for simultaneously enhancing flowering and post‐flowering heat tolerance in spring wheat.
A Simple Device for Field and Laboratory Measurements of Soil Air Permeability
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein , Vanclooster Marnik
Published: January 2019

Core Ideas

A simple portable device to measure air permeability in the laboratory and field is designed and developed.

The device measures air permeability values across a large range from approximately 0.1 to 500 μm2.

The cost of design and maintenance is economical.

We designed a simple, robust, accurate and portable air permeameter to measure soil air permeability, Ka, in the laboratory and in the field. The permeameter uses a hand‐made manometer, a graded cylinder to measure air discharge volume and a soil sampler. The device allows the measurement of Ka at several levels of pressure difference, subjected to a laminar air flow regime. To confirm the laminar flow regime and to examine applicability of the device, we measured air permeabilities in laboratory conditions and in situ along a hillslope at a wide range of soil air contents under different pressure gradients. The results confirm that the developed cost efficient and robust device yields reliable measurements of Ka in the laboratory and in the field.
The pros and cons pertaining to tuberculosis and tuberculosis protocols
Authors: Singh Rishan
Published: January 2019

There are many pros and cons with the protocols used to diagnose patient with TB, particularly because research isn't able to correlate findings with the virulence of the tuberculosis pathogen. This has resulted in further experiments to try optimise protocols for better evaluation of susceptible and resistant tuberculosis strains. This indicates the need for more health-care facilities to treat patients with tuberculosis, or co-tuberculosis infections, more precisely. This article presents some advantages and disadvantages of tuberculosis treatment protocols, with emphasis on drugs, tuberculosis data sets and the administration of plant compounds. This paper also highlights some points on the mechanism of drug action with tuberculosis. Controversies and the present status of tuberculosis studies are also commented on. This is the first (generalised) paper to highlight laboratory as well as non-laboratory points pertaining to tuberculosis and tuberculosis protocols.
Endophytic bacteria isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris produce phytases with potential for biotechnology application
Authors: Costa Leonardo Emanuel de Oliveira , Corrêa Thamy Lívia Ribeiro , Teixeira Janaina Aparecida , Araújo Elza Fernandes de , Queiroz Marisa Vieira de
Published: January 2019

Currently, endophytic microorganisms have become a good source of different enzymes and others metabolites of industrial interest. Among a huge spectral of molecules, enzymes as phytases have been emphasized by the ability to hydrolyze the phytic acid that represents the largest storage form of inorganic phosphorus in cereals, which are the staple diet of monogastric animals such as swine and poultry. Moreover, phytic acid acts as an antinutrient by chelating divalent metal ions, and it is interesting provide phytase as an animal feed supplement for those monogastric animals. In the current study, 158 endophytic bacteria isolated from the leaves of three cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris were assessed for the ability to produce phytase. Among them, four isolates belonging to the Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Microbacterium and Rhodococcus genera were highlighted, due their phytase production. The phytase produced by Microbacterium foliorum BAC1157 exhibited activity at 70 oC and stability in the presence of divalent cations, indicating that this phytase has a promising use in the animal feed industry. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on phytase production by bacteria of the Microbacterium genera.
Bioefficacy of Alstonia boonei leaf extract against cowpea beetle Callosobrochus maculatus infesting stored cowpea seeds in storage
Authors: Ileke Kayode David , Emmanuel Arotolu Temitope
Published: January 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of the oils of Alstonia boonei leaf extracted with n-hexane, petroleum ether, methane and acetone as contact insecticides against the activities of Callosobrochus maculatus in stored cowpea seed. The oils were incorporated at rates 2.0 mL per 20 g of cowpea seeds. The parameters assessed include, mortality of adult insects, oviposition and adult emergence to ascertain the control of the beetle. All concentration of the extracts used evoked 100% mortality of C. maculatus after 72 h of post treatment. The development of Callosobrochus maculatus was inversely proportional to the concentration of the oil. As the ratio of Alstonia boonei leaf oil extract increased, the mortality of the beetle increased. Therefore, complete protection of seeds and complete inhibition of adult emergence in the oils extracts of Alstonia boonei. leaf were effective in controlling cowpea bruchid in stored cowpea seed.
Antidiabetic effect of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (Cucurbitales: Cucurbitaceae) on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and its role in regulating carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes
Authors: Packirisamy Meenatchi , Ayyakkannu Purushothaman , Sivaprakasam Maneemegalai
Published: January 2019

Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (Cucurbitales: Cucurbitaceae) is a climbing perennial herb, growing throughout India and it is widely used in the traditional treatment of diabetes. The aim of present study was to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of the mature unripe of Coccinia grandis in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with special reference to carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes. The optimum dose of Coccinia grandis extract (GCE) was determined by oral glucose tolerance test. The effects of CGE were compared with glibenclamide. Oral administration of Coccinia grandis extract at a concentration of 250 mg/kg body weight once daily to diabetic rats for the period of 30 days resulted in significant reduction in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin. Administration of CGE showed a significant increase in the levels of glycolytic enzymes and glycogen content and decrease in the levels of gluconeogenic enzymes in the liver of diabetic treated rats. The anti-hyperglycemic effect of the extract was comparable with glibenclamide, a known hypoglycemic drug. Present findings provide experimental evidence that the fruits of C. grandis have potential antidiabetic activity which might be used as a functional food and safe remedy for the treatment of diabetes and associated complications.
Physico-chemical properties and heavy metal contents of a tropical estuarine ecosystem, Nigeria
Authors: Echi Paul Chinedu , Okpechi Daberechi Ndudim , Urum Janet Azu , Arukwe Izuchukwu Samson
Published: January 2019

Ibaka Estuarine in Mbo, Nigeria, has little or no information on its basic properties, therefore its water samples were studied from March to June 2018 in three different stations and compared with International Standards to evaluate its physic-chemical properties as well as heavy metal contents. The physic-chemical properties studied include pH, salinity (g/L), EC (μs/cm), turbidity (NTU), total suspended solids (mg/L), total dissolved solids (mg/L), dissolved oxygen (mg/L), BOD5 (mg/L), and chemical oxygen demand (mg/L). In addition, some metal concentrations of manganese, iron, copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, chloride and magnesium were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The range of metal concentrations manganese (0.08-0.12 mg/L), copper (0.05-0.09 mg/L), lead (0.01-0.03 mg/L), iron (1.86-4.66 mg/L), zinc (0.68-1.16 mg/L), cadmium (0.04-0.08 mg/L), chloride (675.0-791.25 mg/L), magnesium (10.66-14.30 mg/L). The study infers that anthropogenic pressure plays damaging role to its properties in addition to general health implication of high values for Fe, Zn, Cd, Cl and Mg which exceeded international standard.