bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on an Air Filter Material Immobilized with Bio-Antimicrobials
Authors: Yang Jing Quan , Wang Zheng , Wu Jin Hui , Hao Li Mei , Tian Tao , Lin Song
Published: November 2010

Use of an air filter material combined with antibacterial agents is one of the most effective methods to resolve the problem of air filter contaminated by pathogenic microbes. ε-Polylysine and Natamycin are two biogenic antimicrobials that have been widely applied in recent years because of their high antibacterial efficiency, harmlessness to human body and environmental friendliness. In this paper, a novel antibacterial air filter material was prepared by immobilizing ε-Polylysine and Natamycin onto fiberglass high efficiency air filter media by acrylate adhesive bonding. The mechanical properties, aerosol filtration properties, and antibacterial properties were then evaluated. An improvement in the mechanical properties of the material prepared was seen compared to the untreated filter media. The filtration efficiency of the material prepared for particle aerosols and bioaerosols both greater than 99.997%. Antibacterial efficiency of the material prepared against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in suspensions were both greater than 99.99% compared to the untreated filter media. The anti-mildew effect against Aspergillus niger in suspension was strong compared to the untreated filter media. Antibacterial efficiency of the material prepared against bacteria in bioaerosols was greater than 99.99%. Observed with Scanning Electron Microscope, most bacteria on antibacterial filter media appeared to be dead. Thus, antibacterial air filter material prepared by immobilizing bio-antimicrobials on fiberglass had a strong inhibitory effect against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungi, with no impairment of the intrinsic properties. This kind of material appears to be promising for application in air cleaning and biological protection fields.
Comparison of Ohmic Contact Characteristics of Different Metal on N Type 4H-SiC
Authors: Jia Hu Jun , Yang Yin Tang , Chai Chang Chun
Published: November 2010

Ohmic contact testing structures have been prepared on n type 4H-SiC layer with different multiple-layer metal, such as Ti/Ni/Au, Cr/Ni/Au and Ni/Ti/Au by magnetic sputter process. Special contact resistances about 10-6cm2 are achieved using TLM measurements. The composition of the alloy areas have been analyzed through XPS and AES, and the results show that the C vacancies induced by carbonides formation are important for ohmic contacts of Ti and Cr to SiC. However, the Ni/SiC structures need a relatively higher alloy temperature, so that the out diffusion of C atoms can offset the lack of Si in the top layer of SiC.
The Experiment Study on Making Flame-Retardant by a Brucite in Liaoning Province
Authors: Dai Shu Juan , Hu Zhi Gang , Bai Li Mei , Lv Da , Yang Shu Yong
Published: November 2010

The grade of MgO of crude improves to 63.22% from 61.33% using brucite in liaoning province as the material by winnowing. The surface of Mg(OH)2 flame retardant is treated with four kinds of coupling agent，they are silane172，silane151，titanate NT-105 and composite coupling agent（silane172 being 66.7%,and zinc stearate being 33.3%）on the condition of usage of coupling agent being 0.5%、1.0%、1.5% and 2.0%，activating time being 3、6、9 and 12min，and the specific surface area，tensile strength，rate of absorbing water and oxygen index are measurated．The results showed the silane172 at the dosage of ≤1.5％, activating time 6－9min is feasible．Quality of its products can be comparable with synthetic products. Natural brucite is the ideal material for flame-retardant products．
Optimization of Machining Parameters on Tool Wear Rate of Ti-6Al-4V through EDM Using Copper Tungsten Electrode: A Statistical Approach
Authors: Rahman M.M. , Khan Md. Ashikur Rahman , Kadirgama K. , Noor M.M. , Bakar Rosli A.
Published: November 2010

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is relatively modern machining process having distinct advantages over other machining processes and able to machine Ti-alloys effectively. This paper attempts to investigate the effects of peak ampere, pulse on time and pulse off time on tool wear rate (TWR) of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V in EDM utilizing copper tungsten as an electrode and positive polarity of the electrode. A mathematical model for electrode wear rate is developed in this paper. Design of experiments method and response surface methodology techniques are implemented. The validity test of the fit and adequacy of the proposed models has been carried out through analysis of variance. It can be seen that as the peak current increases the TWR decreases till certain ampere and then increases. The excellent surface finish is investigated in this study at short pulse on time and in contrast the long pulse duration causes the lowest TWR. Long pulse off time provides minimum TWR and the impact of pulse interval on TWR depends on peak current. The result leads to wear rate of electrode and economical industrial machining by optimizing the input parameters.
Preparation of Low Pt-Decorated Ru/C Catalyst and Electrochemical Research
Authors: Xu Qun Jie , Zhou Xiao Jin , Li Qiao Xia , Li Jin Guang , Zhao Yu Zeng
Published: November 2010

The Ru/C nanocomposites with loading of 20wt% were prepared by ethylene glycol in the presence of XC-72. Carbon-supported Ru nanoparticles were decorated with Pt by spontaneous deposition method after Ru surface oxides were reduced in the hydrogen atmosphere at 180 for 2h. TEM indicated that the average particle size of catalyst was about 4nm with excellent dispersion and the XRD analyzing results showed that Pt had decorated on surface of Ru. The anti-poisoning ability was studied by pre-adsorbing CO striping voltammetric curves in 0.1M HClO4. Catalytic activities of the prepared Pt/Ru/C were studied by cyclic voltammetry in a solution of 0.5 mol/L CH3OH + 0.1 mol/L HClO4. The results showed that the oxidation current density was far more than 60wt% RuPt/C (E-TEK) and 20wt% Pt/C (Johnson Matthey). At the same time, the study also showed that the prepared catalyst not only had a higher catalytic activity to methanol, but also had lower Pt loading.
The Rebinding Properties of Bovine Serum Albumin Imprinted Calcium Phosphate/Polyacrylate/Alginate Hybrid Polymer Microspheres
Authors: Zhao Kong Yin , Wei Jun Fu , Zhou Jin Yang , Zhao Yi Ping , Cheng Guo Xiang
Published: November 2010

Calcium phosphate/polyacrylate/alginate hybrid polymer microspheres with bovine serum albumin (BSA) embedded and coated on the surface were prepared with (NH4)2HPO4, sodium polyacrylate (SPA) and sodium alginate (SA) via Ca2+ crosslinking in inverse suspension. Rebinding behaviors of the microspheres were evaluated. The factors influencing the imprinting efficiency (IE) of imprinted microspheres were also studied, including the concentration of CaCl2, template content and pH values in rebinding solutions. Selectivity tests showed that the imprinted microspheres exhibited good recognition property for the template protein.
Preparation of Biomorphic SiC by Reactive Infiltration of Gaseous Si into Carbonized Millet
Authors: Wang Qing , Zhang Ya Hui
Published: November 2010

Biomorphic silicon carbide (bioSiC) was prepared at 1800 oC by reactive infiltration of gaseous silicon into a carbon template derived from millet. The pyrolysis process of millet was measured by thermogravimetric analysis. The morphology and microstructures of carbon template and purified bioSiC samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The phase composition of bioSiC was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The results suggest that the bioSiC consists of major cubic ß-SiC and a few α-SiC, and principally replicates the shape and microstructure of the carbon template.
Numerical Simulation of Mixed-Mode Crack Induced Failure of Steel Plate Strengthened Concrete Beam
Authors: Chang Xu , Yan An Zhi , Tang Chun An
Published: November 2010

The paper presents a numerical investigation of mixed-mode crack induced failure of concrete beam strengthened with steel plate. Both the cracking of the concrete and concrete-steel interfacial debonding can be observed. There is a shear stress concentration at the pre-existing crack or debonding tips, which is the root cause of the debonding. The results indicate that debonding only initiates and propagates along the left interface to the steel plate because that the normal stress along the left interface is tensile which make considerable contribution to the debonding and the normal stress along the right interface is compressive.
Study on the Plasma Beam Surface Remelting Modification of Nodular Cast Iron
Authors: Yang Li , Li Gang
Published: November 2010

To improve the wear resistance of ductile cast iron, plasma beam remelt-solidified hardening on the surface is adopted. Scanning electron microscope and micro-hardness tester is used to analyze the microstructure and performance for plasma beam remelt-solidified layer of nodular cast iron. The results show that micromelted-solidified hardening of the nodular cast iron surface can be obtained when the operating current is up to 50A. Along with the operating current increases, the width and depth of remelt-solidified layer and hardened layer increase, but the hardness goes down. After the hardening, graphite phase in remelt-solidified region is vanishing. The microstructure of remelt-solidified region is tiny ledeburite and remained austenite and of transformation hardening region is acicular martensite, remained austenite，spheroid graphite and ferrite .In transition region, martensite shell around nodular graphite appears, which is advantageous to enhance the wear resistance. From the surface to inner, the microhardness declines first and then increases, after achieving the maximum value the hardness slowly drops. The highest microhardness appears at the second-surface layer which has a certain distance to the surface.
Effect of Metal Particles on Spreading Properties of Sn0.7Cu Based Composite Solder
Authors: Yang Li , Zhang Na
Published: November 2010

The particle-reinforced composite solder is prepared by adding 1 μm Ag, 1 μm Ni and 8 μm Cu into Sn0.7Cu eutectic solder which serve as the base material in current research. The formation of a thin layer of intermetallics around the particle-reinforced will promote the closer integration between base-solder and particle-reinforced, and thus form the particle-reinforced composite solder. The appropriate reinforcement particles were selected and the effects of reinforcement particles on physical properties, mechanical properties and solderability of the composite solder were studied. The spreading property of Ni (3 vol %) particle-reinforced Sn0.7Cu based composite solder was the worst among Sn0.7Cu based composite solders. The spreading property of the Cu particle-reinforced Sn0.7Cu based composite solder was worse than those of Ag particle-reinforced Sn0.7Cu based composite solders. So the conclusion is drawn that Ag particles are considered as the most appropriate reinforced particles for Sn0.7Cu based composite solders.
Bioactive Calcium Phosphate Coating on Carbon/Carbon Composites Prepared by Ultrasonicated Induction Heating Deposition
Authors: Xiong Xin Bo , Zeng Xie Rong , Zhou Chun Li
Published: November 2010

Calcium phosphate coatings were deposited on H2O2-treated carbon/carbon composites by ultrasonicated induction heating (UIH) method under different preparation conditions. The phase, morphology and composition of the calcium phosphate coatings were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the adhesion strength of these coatings and the scratched morphologies were determined by the scratch test and stereomicroscope (STM). The results show that when the solution concentration is 0.003 M and pH value is 6, the phase of as-prepared coating is OCP, and When the solution concentration is larger than 0.0125 M and pH value is less than 5.5, all the as-prepared coatings are monetite with different morphologies. Among these calcium phosphate coatings, the moneite coating on H2O2-treated C/C prepared in 0.1M solution at 373K has the highest bonding strength whose critical load is on average 38 N.
Preparation and Characterization of Silver Powders with Spheric Shape and Different Sizes
Authors: Li Ming Li , Qian Kun Ming , Yu Qiong , Zhou Yu Song , Ji Song , Du Pi Yi
Published: November 2010

The preparation and characterization of silver powders with spheric shape and different sizes by chemical reduction of silver ions in the presence of ethanol amine using hydrochinone (C6H6O2) as the reducing agent are described. The size distribution, microstructure, and the phase composition of the obtained Ag Powders were characterized by the Laser Particle Size Analyzer, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and the X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Ag powder was in face-centered cubic crystal structure with spheric morphology. The average tap density of silver powders is up to 4.0g/cm3. It was also found that the size of the Ag particles can be adjusted conveniently to a certain degree by varying the silver ions content, the addition amount of dispersing agent, the aging time, the temperature of the reaction, and the concentration ratio of hydrochinone to Ag+.
Effect of La Addition on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of 7075 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Yuan Wu Hua , An Bai Ling
Published: November 2010

Proper homogenization, solution and aging technologies of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-La alloy were studied in this paper. After 46 /24h homogenization, the dendrite segregation and non-equilibrium phase of the alloy were basically eliminated. At the early stage of aging, the hardness and strength of the alloy increase rapidly, the peak hardness and strength are achieved after 120 aging for 13 h, then maintained at a high level for a long time. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of the A1-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy can be obviously improved by La addition. When the La content is 0.12 wt%，the strength increment is the largest, the tensile strength can be increased by 6.4%, while the elongation is increased by 26%．
For Manufacturing and Assembly of the Product Design
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhang Yan
Published: November 2010

All kinds advanced technology is used by enterprises to accelerate product’s developm- ent when facing heavily market competition. It designing for manufacturing (DFM) emphasizes that product’s manufacturing and assembly must be considered fully during phase of design in order to improve product’s competitiveness. The paper indicates it is important that DFA technology in accelerating product’s development.
The Preparation and Temperature Sensitivity of TiCN-Coated Aluminum Foil for Capacitor
Authors: Pan Ying Jun , Tan Mi , Wang Wen Jun , Xuan Shen Zhu
Published: November 2010

A new TiCN-coated aluminum foil for capacitor was prepared by multi-arc ion plating method. The effects of cooling process and mass flow ratio of C2H2 to N2 for deposition on specific capacitance were investigated. Using SEM and XRD, the surface micrograph and phase transformation were analyzed and the temperature sensitivity of specific capacitance was discussed. The results show that specific capacitance of TiCN-coated aluminum foils was as high as 1600μF/cm2, which is higher than the traditional etching process increases by about 2-fold. It was found that composite foil has a strong temperature sensitivity, with the temperature increasing, the aluminum foil surface of TiCN particles were found a gradual trend of growing up, crystal structure from amorphous to crystalline transition, when the temperature was higher than 200°C, the specific capacitance decreased more quickly.
Freeze-Thaw Durability of Portland Cement Concrete Subjected to Aircraft Deicer
Authors: Ma Hai Yan , Yu Hong Fa , Cao Wen Tao , Bai Kang , Zhou Peng , Han Li Juan
Published: November 2010

Influence of glycol, which is the main composition of the most frequently used aircraft dicer, on the freeze-thaw durability of Portland cement concrete were investigated. Freeze-thaw durability of Portland cement concrete was tested by accelerated freeze-thaw test. Four kinds of solutions, namely tap water, 3.5% NaCl solution, glycol solutions and a LBR-A type commercial aircraft deicer were employed to be the freezing-thawing mediums. Results show that freeze-thaw durability of concrete exposed to glycol solutions is closely related to the solution concentrations. Failure of concretes exposed to 3.5% glycol solution is similar to that of those exposed 3.5% NaCl solution, which are attributed to serious surface scaling. While damage of concrete exposed to 12.5% and 25% glycol solutions are postponed, and the durability of concrete are increased. Compared with glycol solution, the commercial aircraft deicer demonstrated much more negative effect to concrete freeze-thaw durability, and the degree even exceeds 3.5% NaCl solution. Consequently, the commercial aircraft deicer is not a kind of environmental friendly deicer as usually considered.
Soy Protein Based Biodegradable Flexible Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Wang Guang Heng , Zhou An Ning
Published: November 2010

Soy protein based biodegradable polyurethane (PU) foams were prepared by incorporating soy protein isolate (SPI) into flexible PU foam. The effects SPI content and isocyanate index on the density, resilience, compression set, and biodegradability of the soy protein based PU foams were investigated. The results showed that, soy protein enhanced the compression set, resilience, and biodegradability of PU foams, but increased the density. Furthermore, soy protein can increase open cell proportion in the soy protein based flexible PU foams, and then regulate their properties. The density and compression set value of the soy protein based PU foams decreased with increase in isocyanate index, while the resilience increased. The biodegradability of soy protein based flexible PU foam makes it a prospective material for disposable usage.
Effects of Ultrasonic on Properties of Modified Soybean Protein-Based Adhesives for Duplex Paper
Authors: Yang Guang , Sui Ning , Yang Bo
Published: November 2010

Effects of ultrasonic on properties of modified soybean protein adhesives for duplex paper were investigated in this paper. The results showed that the treatment temperature had the greatest impact on adhesion strength among all factors. Optimum conditions were obtained by orthogonal experiment as follows: modified temperature 60°C, concentration of urea 5 mol/L , content of protein 14% , reaction time 3 h and ultrasonic time 20min. At the optimized conditions, the adhesion strength of soybean proteins was 0.79MPa.
The Series K Criterion of Unstable Fracture of Concrete and its Application
Authors: Deng Ai Min , Xu Dao Yuan
Published: November 2010

The knowledge from extensive investigations showed that the non-linearity of the load and loading point displacement curve is mainly associated with crack propagation. Based on the linear asymptotic superposition assumption, the critical effective crack length is evaluated by analyzing the nonlinear characteristics of the load and loading point displacement curves of a series of the fracture tests. Furthermore, the unstable fracture toughness is determined by inserting the peak load and the critical effective crack length into a formula developed from LEFM. Based on the calculated results, the series K criterion of unstable fracture of concrete fracture is established. At last, an engineering example of cracking analysis of the upstream lock-head foundation of the ship-lift of the Three Gorges Project is given.
Effect of Sintering Technology on Ag/AgCl Electrode Potential Stability
Authors: Zhang Kun , Song Yu Su , Zhou Yi
Published: November 2010

The solid-state Ag / AgCl electrode was used to explore the ocean electric field. The effects of sintering technologies on the stability of electrode potential were researched. Four kinds of electrodes, which were respectively sintered to two temperatures of 380°C and 420°C by two heating methods of direct heating and phase-type heating methods, were prepared. Their surface morphologies, metallographic structures and the electrode potentials in 3.5% sodium chloride solution were analyzed to compare the stability of different sintering technologies. The results show that the electrodes sintered to 380°C by phase-type heating - insulation method have the best stability of potential, and potential difference of two electrodes is less than 0.02079mv/h.
Effect of Load on Linear Reciprocating Sliding Friction and Wear Behavior in Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass
Authors: Tao Ping Jun , Yang Yuan Zheng , Bai Xiao Jun , Ru Qiang , Xie Zhi Wei
Published: November 2010

The effect of load on linear reciprocating sliding friction and wear behavior in a Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10 bulk metallic glass was investigated. With increasing load, the average friction coefficient descends, while the grinding trace width increases. The grinding traces exhibit smooth linear furrows. The larger the load is, the more serious the wear extent exhibits. Under smaller loads, the wear mechanism inclines to a combined result of slight bite or bite welding and continuous wear. While with the increase of load, the wear mechanism changes gradually to the combined effects of continuous wear, occlusion or bite welding, adhesive wear and abrasive wear.
Effective Thermal Conductivity of Composites with Different Particle Geometries and Interfacial Thermal Resistance
Authors: Zhang Mei , Zhai Peng Cheng
Published: November 2010

A new micromechanical method, the weighted residual self-consistent method (WRSCM) is developed to study the effective thermal conductivity of two-phase composites with different particle geometries in the presence of a thermal barrier resistance at the interface between constituents. The imperfect interface involves the continuity of the normal flux but allow for a finite temperature differences across the interface. Within the framework of self-consistent scheme, the effective thermal conductivity of two-phase composite is obtained using numerical iterative method on the basis of a surface integral of temperature over the imperfect interfaces. Numerical results show that for the given composite system, due to the existence of an interfacial thermal resistance, the particle geometries have significant impact on the effective thermal conductivity of composites.
Development on Microalloyed High Carbon Steel Used for Fracture Splitting Connecting Rods
Authors: Zhang Xian Zhong , Cai Qi Zhou , Zhou Gui Feng , Chen Qing Feng , Xiong Yu Zhang
Published: November 2010

The fracture splitting method is being increasingly used for manufacturing connecting rods that are made of the powder forging material, high-carbon steel, etc., which are comparatively easy to fracture, in order to improve the accuracy and productivity. In this paper, a microalloyed high carbon steel used for fracture splitting connecting rod is developed by the process “EAF-EBT-LF-CC-CR”. The steel microstructure, nonmetallic inclusions, precipitated phases, mechanical property and fracture surfaces are investigated by microscope, SEM and TEM. The results show that the steel is constituted of pearlite and a small mount of ferrite, the nonmetallic inclusions in the steel include MnS, Al-rich (taken to be Al2O3) and Al-Ca-rich (taken to be CaO-Al2O3) particles. The precipitations mainly are VC, VN, (Mn, Cu)S, etc. these precipitations are beneficial to fine the pearlite group, short lamellar spacing of pearlite and improve the strengthening of the microalloyed high carbon steel. The tensile tests indicate that the microalloyed high carbon steel has high yield strength, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), but low elongation and contraction of area. It is required for heavier loads, higher performance of automobile engine and less distortion on fracture splitting. The fracture surface of connecting rod shows distinct brittle fracture character and it is beneficial to improve fracture splitting performance.
Immobilization of Radioactive Wastes into CaTiO3 Synroc by the SHS Method
Authors: Zhang Rui Zhu , Yan Da Kao , Guo Zhi Meng
Published: November 2010

This paper researched the fabrication of perovskite (CaTiO3) synroc by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) and the characterization of the products. This synthesis process is simpler, the fabricated synroc can immobilize waste loading up to wt( 35%) SrO with satisfied physical properties (density>4.2 g•cm-3, open porosity<0.2%). The microstructure analyses by XRD and SEM/EDS show that the major phase is perovskite which well agrees with the design. It proves that SHS offer a suitable Sr-waste synroc which is favorable for geological disposal.
Preparation and Properties of Nylon Composite Powder by Selective Laser Sintering
Authors: Bai Pei Kang , Li Yu Xin
Published: November 2010

Nylon 12 composite powder with low melting point prepared by the method of solvent settling out as the basis material is modified with basis material added by all kinds of filling. With the ortho-design experiment method, the sintering process of nylon composite powder is optimized for sintering density and mechanical property of prototype parts. On this basis, the effects of the sintering process parameters on the properties of the parts are analyzed. The result shows this method can make nylon composite power with high powder density, precision and mechanical properties.
Numerical Simulation in Soft Argillaceous Shale Geo-Material Based on Porous Elasto-Plastic Model
Authors: Huang Lin Chong , Zhou Cui Ying , Li Wei Ke , Zhang Wei Yi
Published: November 2010

On the basis of Cam-clay Model, a proposal constitutive model on porous elasto-plastic geo-material was derived for the argillaceous shale, which was porous and easy to decompose with water, and then the mechanical behavior in an argillaceous shale tunnel was simulated. According to the mix theory, the argillaceous shale was analyzed as a three-phase mixture coupling with solid-liquid-air, and the effective stress was introduced to set up a proposal constitutive model. The constitutive laws relate: the evolution of the constitutive effective stress with imposed solid matrix deformation, the degree of saturation with suction stress, and the relative flow vector with intrinsic pressure for the water and air phases. Based on the FORTRAN language, a Finite Element Method program was coded, with a material subroutine named POROSTONE for the argillaceous shale elasto-plastic model, and then a soft argillaceous shale tunnel was simulated. At last, a compared analysis was derived with the data in-situ. Some results are revealed as follows: the porous elasto-plastic model works well and are in good agreement with the measured data in-situ; the deformation velocity is fast during the prophase of the tunnel excavating, compared with the later, but the steady time is long; some assistant measures, especially the lock-foot anchor should be set to enhance the steady state due
A Novel Method for Estimating State of Charge of Lithium Ion Battery Packs
Authors: Liao Yuan , Huang Ju Hua , Zeng Qun
Published: November 2010

In this paper a novel method for estimating state of charge (SOC) of lithium ion battery packs in battery electric vehicle (BEV), based on state of health (SOH) determination is presented. SOH provides information on aging of battery packs and it declines with repeated charging and discharging cycles of battery packs, so SOC estimation depends considerably on the value of SOH. Previously used SOC estimation methods are not satisfactory as they haven’t given enough attention to the decline of SOH. Therefore a novel SOC estimation method based on SOH determination is introduced in this paper; trying to compensate the deficiency for lack of attention to SOH. Real time road data are used to compare the performance of the conventionally often used Ah counting method which doesn’t give any consideration to SOH with the performance of the proposed SOC estimation method, and better results are obtained by the proposed method in comparison with the conventional method.
Preparation and Characterization of Modified PVDF-g-PSSA Membrane
Authors: Guo Gui Bao , Han Er Ding , An Sheng Li
Published: November 2010

A new method based on a solution graft technique was used to prepare poly (vinylidene fluoride) grafted polystyrene sulfonated acid (PVDF-g-PSSA) proton exchange membrane. Polystyrene is grafted into PVDF modified by plain sodium silicate (Na4SiO4). There is a linear relationship between the degree of grafting and the content of Na4SiO4. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to characterize changes of the membrane's microstructures after grafting and sulfonation. The morphology of the membrane's microstructures after grafting and sulfonation is studied by scanning electrolytic microscope (SEM). The effect of plain sodium silicate (Na4SiO4) concentration and relative humidity on the conductivity of the electrolyte was investigated by the impedance at room temperature. The results show that the styrene has been grafted into PVDF. The conductivity of PVDF-g-PSSA electrolyte doped 10% plain sodium silicate (Na4SiO4) is 0.016 S/cm at room temperature. The conductivity of the electrolyte changes slightly at a relative humidity range of 20%-70%. The weightlessness of PVDF-g-PSSA electrolyte heated to 40°C was less than 2%, which indicated that water capacity was good.
Effects of Nano-ZnO Power-Coated PVC Film on the Physiological Properties and Microbiological Changes of Fresh-Cut "Fuji" Apple
Authors: Li Xi Hong , Li Wei Li , Xing Ya Ge , Jiang Yun Hong , Ding Yu Long , Zhang Pei Pei
Published: November 2010

The effects of a novel nano-ZnO coated PVC film on physicochemical quality and microbiological changes of fresh-cut ‘Fuji’ apple were evaluated. Fruit decay were efficiently reduced in nano-packing samples. The content of ascorbic acid and total phenolic dropped to 0.2 g•kg-1, 1.2 g•kg-1 in nano-packing samples and 0.02 g•kg-1, 0.6 g•kg-1 in control on day 12. In addition, the nano-ZnO coated PVC film not only inhibited the growth of total aerobic psychrophilic microorganisms, the count of which did not exceed 5 log cfu g−1 FW, but also suppressed the increasing of yeast and mould, the maximum growth of which reached only 3.6 log cfu g−1 in the nano-packing but 6 log cfu g−1 in control.
Experimental Study on the Stitching Reinforcement of Composite Member with a Circular Hole
Authors: Zhu Xi Ping , Guo Zhang Xin , Cao Xiao Ang , Zhi Xi Zhe
Published: November 2010

Experiment studies are carried out on the stitching reinforcement of composite laminates containing a circular hole. The tensile strength and stiffness are measured, and their dependence on stitching parameters such as stitching needle distance, row spacing, edge distance and stitching type (i.e. single stitching or double stitching) are analyzed. The strain distribution is investigated experimentally for different stitching parameters, external load and edge location of the hole. It is shown that the results of stitching reinforcement are quite different for composite laminates with a circular hole, which could provide proper stitching parameters for designers. The analysis for different failure samples are made. Reinforced by stitching, the failure section is mainly perpendicular to loading direction. It can be seen that the capacity of load bearing rises when the composite components are reinforced by stitching the hole.
Study on Preparation and Properties of Nano-Modified Polypropylene
Authors: Xu Wen Cai , Li Dong Li , Fu Ya Bo
Published: November 2010

The printing and packaging properties of ordinary Polypropylene (PP) materials were modified by self-made nanometer silicon dioxide (SiO2) and the effects of different SiO2 proportion were investigated. The results showed that SiO2 modification not only greatly increased the mechanic properties of PP but also improved its universal performance including polarity, ink adhesion and solvents residual and therefore enable PP materials better meet the requirement for food packaging industry.
The Kelvin Probe Study on Initial Corrosion of Weathering Steel with NaCl Deposition
Authors: Dong Chao Fang , Liu Qian , Xiao Kui , Xu Long Jiao , Li Xiao Gang
Published: November 2010

Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP) combined with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) analysis were used to study the corrosion behavior and electrochemical law of weathering steel Q450NQR1 deposited with NaCl particles at initial period of heat-damp test. The results showed that Q450NQR1 was severely attacked by Cl- for the reason that a low electric potential anode area was formed after a NaCl particle deliquesced rapidly. This anode area was corroded quickly, resulted in the appearance of rust spot, which led to a conductivity decline of the steel substrate and an increase of potential in the rust region. Moreover, tiny crack formed on the rust scale during the early stage and the galvanic couple between rust spot area possessing a high electric potential and metal substrate with a low electric potential were the two main reasons for the expansion of rust layer and the enhancement of corrosion.
Smart Materials of Cured Epoxy Polymer Modified by 6F-PEEK with Shape Memory Effect
Authors: Gao Jun Peng , Zhang Chen Qian , He Xian Cheng , Ma Hong Yi , An Xue Feng , Yi Xiao Su , Dang Guo Dong , Chen Chun Hai
Published: November 2010

We demonstrated a method of fabricating thermosetting epoxy polymer with shape memory effect modified Poly (ether ether ketone) (6F-PEEK) based on the formation of a phase-segregated morphology. The peculiarities of shape memory effects of the epoxy resin modified by 6F-PEEK were investigated. DMA result showed two glass transition temperatures in this blended material. The cured epoxy phase showing high Tg of 223oC acted as hard-segment-forming phase the and was responsible for the permanent shape. The 6F-PEEK can be used as switching phase for a thermally induced shape-memory effect. The transition temperature (Ttran) was 150oC, which was between the Tg of cured epoxy and 6F-PEEK. At the special concentrations of 6F-PEEK, the shape memory effect accompanied by a significant increase in volume was observed. The highest shape memory effect was obtained for the blended material with 25.00 wt% of 6F-PEEK. The shape retention rates and the shape recovery rates were 96-99% and 100%, respectively. The times of shape-recovery were all defined in 2 min. The mechanism of shape memory effects and the mechanical properties of the cured resin were discussed.
Simulation of Size Effects in Material with Growth Twins
Authors: Wu Bo , Zou Na , Tan Jian Song , Wang Jian Ping , Pang Ming
Published: November 2010

A comprehensive numerical study of tensile deformation on electro-deposited Cu with nano-scale growth twins is presented using a conventional theory of mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity (CMSG). Systematic research on the size effects of growth twins in Cu polycrystalline is carried out. The roles of many material parameters which affect the size effects, such as grain sizes, Young’s modulus, twin/matrix lamellar structures aspect ratio and volume fraction, as well as the plastic strain hardening exponent, are presented.
Thickening Mechanism of Crystalline Polyester Involved in Low Pressure Sheet Molding Compounds
Authors: Li Jian , Zhang Kai , Yu Xun Zhang
Published: November 2010

In this article, for a better understanding of the viscosity changes in LPMC (low pressure sheet molding compounds), the thickening mechanism of crystalline polyesters was studied. And by means of varying the content of crystalline polyester resin, the thickening effect on resin paste was investigated, too. Results gained during experiments showed that there existed three kinds of functions acting in the process of thickening: swelling, hydrogen bonds and induction crystallization. The thickening effect was excellent when the amount of crystalline polyester resin was 3%. This research supports the producing process for LPMC with theory basement.
Research of G105 Chloride Ion Stress Corrosion Cracking
Authors: Huang Ben Sheng , Jiang Zhong Ying , Fan Zhou
Published: November 2010

At present, there are also very few regarding drill pipe's SCC research in chloride ion ambient medium, so it is specially important to definite the stress corrosion sensitivity of drill pipe to the influence under different chloride ion density and to provide the appraisal basis for the influence of the chloride ion density to drill pipe's corrosion. Applied the G105 drill pipe material to do Slow Stress Rate Testing (SSRT) and the electrochemical experiment under the different chloride ion environment, analyzed the variation of corrosion current and corrosion potential and observed the fracture. The results show that all of the tensile specimens' fracture morphologies are brittle fracture; and the stress corrosion cracking sensitivity of the material increases gradually with the addition of chloride ion concentration; the corrosion rate also tends to increase, but when the chloride concentration is 6000, the corrosion rate is up to a extreme value; the effect of chloride concentration to the cathode is much more than that to the anode, but the G105 pipe corrosion in different chloride solution is controlled differently. The stress can improve the stress corrosion cracking sensitivity of material in corrosion solution. The anti-corrosion principle of chloride ion corrosion is: to reduce adsorption of chlorine ion on the surface.
Preparation and Characterization of Nanometer Calcium Titanate Immobilized on Aluminum Oxide and its Adsorption Capacity for Heavy Metal Ions in Water
Authors: Zhang Dong
Published: November 2010

Nanometer calcium titanate immobilized on Aluminum oxide (ACTO) was successfully prepared by the citrate acid sol-gel method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption capability of ACTO for Pb2+, Cd2+and Zn2+ from water was studied. Adsorption and elution were investigated under different conditions. The results show that nanometer calcium titanate could be immobilized on the aluminum oxide firmly, becoming a composite adsorbent. The Pb2+, Cd2+and Zn2+ were retained at pH 5-9, their adsorption capacities of ACTO were 124 mg•g-1, 8.58 mg•g-1 and 13.86 mg•g-1, respectively. The adsorption agent can be regenerated by elution with 2 mol•L-1 HNO3. The adsorbent has a promising prospect in removal or enriching and separation of heavy metals in water.
Improve the Efficiency of White Organic Light-Emitting Devices Using Double-Doped System
Authors: Ding Gui Ying , Jiang Wen Long , Wang Guang De , Han Qiang , Chang Xi
Published: November 2010

The doped and non-doped white Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) were fabricated, using strong yellow emitting and hole-transporting ability of TPAHQZn. When the white OLED is a double-doped structure, greatly enhanced the efficiency of the device. The double-doped white device were fabricated as follows: ITO/2T-NATA (17 nm)/ CBP: 30% TPAHQZn: 8% Ir(ppy)3 (25 nm)/ NPBX (15 nm)/BCP(8nm)/TPBi: 10% Ir(ppy)3 (15nm)/Alq3 (20 nm)/LiF (1.3 nm)/Al. The double-doped white OLEDs were obtained with Commission International de L’Eclairage coordinates of (0.29,0.28) at 17 V, the maximum current efficiency increaed four times that double-doped white device of 4.12cd/A(8V) than non-doped of 1.03 cd/A (10V) .
Preparation and Characterisation of an Aligned Carbon Nanotube Array on the Ni-Deposited Silicon Surface
Authors: Li Gang , Cheng Wen Ming
Published: November 2010

An aligned carbon nanotube（CNT）array has been prepared on large area Ni-deposited silicon substrates via the pyrolysis of C2H2 using thermal chemical vapor deposition technique at 900°C. Ni nanoparticles were formed when Ni catalyst film was etched and conglomerated by NH3 pretreatment. Under the experimental conditions used, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed the CNTs films with 3090 nm in diameter and 17 m in length grown perpendicular to the surface of the substrates at an average growth rate of 102 m/h. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum is carried out to identify the composition of the CNTs and EDX analysis demonstrated that the CNTs are formed as tip growth.
Semi-Solid Deformation of Al-Fe Alloy Prepared by Electromagnetic Stirring
Authors: Liu Bo , Yuan Xiao Guang , Huang Hong Jun , Zhang Shao Hua
Published: November 2010

The semi-solid compression behaviors and the microstructure of Al-Fe alloy prepared by electromagnetic stirred were investigated in the strain rate range of 5×10-3 s-1 to 5×10-1 s-1 and the temperature range of 610 to 640°C on INSTRON-5500R materials testing machine. The experimental results showed that, during the semi-solid deformation of Al-Fe alloy，the peak value of true stress decreased with elevating deformation temperature. As the deformation increased, the stress peak value of the high solid fraction alloy was tending upwards, and that of the low solid fraction was tending downwards. The peak increased with increasing the strain rate. Al-Fe alloy was sensitive to strain rate during semi-solid compression. The strain softening phenomenon would happen. The smaller strain rate, the longer softening process, the stress falling was more slowly. The strain softening was a reason that the semi-solid alloy structure was instability during deformation. The semi-solid deformational behaviors of Al-Fe alloy was bound up with deformation temperature, strain rate, and deforming extent.
The Effects of the TiO2 Films Thickness on the Performance of Quasi-Solid Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Dai Yu Hua , Wang Jing Li , Li Jie Lian , Shi Qiu Fei
Published: November 2010

The dye – sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is an attractive and promising device for solar cell applications that have been intensively investigated worldwide. DSSC consists of a namo TiO2 film of the photo electrode, dye molecules absorbed on the surface of TiO2 film, an electrolyte layer and a Pt counter electrode. Among these, the nanoporous TiO2 film plays an important role because it can adsorb a large amount of dye molecules which provide electrons. Therefore, the TiO2 film affects the cell performance. In this paper, the characteristics of DSSCs with different TiO2 film thicknesses were studied by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The impedance component attributed to TiO2|electrolyte interface indicated that the small semicircle and low characteristic frequency was essential for high performance DSSC. An optimum overall conversion efficiency( ％) of 5.54% was obtained in the DSSC assembled with the TiO2 film thickness of 8.86μm.
Measuring and Modeling of Viscosities of Selected CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 Slags
Authors: Xu Ji Fang , Zhang Jie Yu , Jie Chang , Liu Gong Yuan , Ruan Fei
Published: November 2010

Viscosities of selected quaternary CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 slags have been measured by rotary cylinder method up to a temperature of 1875K. 9 slag compositions have been selected in the composition range 40.04-50.64 wt. % CaO, 6.40-7.12 wt. % MgO, 22.84-41.73 wt. % Al2O3 and 10.25-20.70 wt. % SiO2. The effect of increasing temperature was investigated and it was shown that viscosity decreased, as expected, with increasing temperature. The viscosity increases with increasing the ratios of CaO/Al2O3, and following by a decrease with further increasing the ratios of CaO/Al2O3. An application of Iida’s viscosity model has been made. The Iida model gave good consistency with the measured viscosity values.
Phase Evolution and Microwave Dielectric Properites in the Systems of (Mg1-xCax)2SiO4 Ceramics
Authors: Song Kai Xin , Ying Zhi Hua , Zheng Liang , Liu Zheng , Qin Hui Bin
Published: November 2010

In this paper, the microwave dielectric properties in the systems of nominal chemical composition (Mg1-xCax)2SiO4 (0≤x≤0.5)ceramics were investigated, together with their phase evolution. With the increase of x value, the major phase in the ceramic systems gradually changes from Mg2SiO4 to MgCaSiO4, besides with the some secondary phase of MgSiO3 and Ca2MgSi2O7, The relative dielectric constant in the systems of ceramics gradually increased from 6.8 to 8.7. The quality factor of value was well improved, and especially, the absolute value of the ceramic resonant frequency of temperature coefficients was optimized to reach zero, from -61 to +3 . The best optimum chemical composition was equal to 0.4, where the microwave dielectric properties was = 7.2, = 24,170 GHz, = +5 .
Effect of Thermal-Oxidative Aging on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Bis-Maleimide Composites
Authors: Lv Xin Ying , Wang Rong Guo , Liu Wen Bo , Jiang Long
Published: November 2010

Bis-maleimide (BMI) resins are widely applied in carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites in aerospace fields, for their excellent thermal and mechanical properties. The effects of thermo-oxidative aging on mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced BMI composites were investigated by SEM with the combination of flexural strength test and inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) test. The results indicated that the thermal-oxidative aging had some effects on mechanical properties of carbon fiber/BMI composites; however the testing temperature or service temperature had much more effects than aging time. With aging time increased, the flexural strength at 150 oC and the ILSS at 25 oC slightly increased, while the ILSS at 150 oC decreased gradually. Both test results of mechanical properties and fracture models of damaged flexural specimens by SEM indicated that the matrix resin in the composites showed some viscoelastic behaviors that resulted in the remarkable dependence of mechanical properties of the composites on temperature. Therefore, the carbon fiber reinforced BMI composites had lower flexural strength and ILSS at 150 oC than that at 25 oC.
Wear Properties of Reaction Sintered B4C Composites
Authors: Lin Wen Song , Fang Ning Xiang , He Liang
Published: November 2010

B4C/CNTs and B4C/Ccomposites were prepared by reaction-sintering technique. The density and porosity of the samples were determined and three-points bending strengths of the composites were measured. Wear resistance tests were performed using a HT-500 pin-on-disc tribometer with the sample placed horizontally on a turning table. The morphology of the worn surfaces and fracture of the composites were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy so as to explore the wear mechanisms. The results indicate that B4C/CNTs composites show improved friction and wear properties as compared with B4C/C composites. It is found that CNTs in the specimens play important role in improving the wear properties of the composites. The wear mechanism of the B4C/CNTs composites is characterized by micro-cutting and plowing at ambient temperature, and sub-surface cracking and the resultant localized spalling on the worn surface at the temperatures higher than 500°C.
SEM Analysis of Non-Conducting Materials under Low Vacuum Conditions
Authors: Wang Zhi Gang , Liu Ke Gao , Jing Min , Pang Bo
Published: November 2010

The surface morphology of the non-conducting granular materials was analysis by SEM under low vacuum conditions. The effects of the incident electron voltage, electronic beam spot size and atmosphere pressure on the SEM image quality and EDX analysis were investigated systematically. The results show that the quality and the resolution of the SEM images both reduce with the increase of the incident electron voltage, the electronic beam spot size and the atmosphere pressure; the errors of the EDS analysis decrease when measured under low vacuum conditions.