bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syria: The Change That Never Came
Authors: Gifford Lindsay A.
Published: May 2020

“Assad planned when he took office to slowly implement economic reforms and eventually allow greater political freedom. That project has failed on both counts.”
Behind Iran's Crackdown, an Economic Coup
Authors: Ghadar Fariborz
Published: May 2020

A dramatic shift of economic power has taken place—away from traditional private sector groupings and toward select religious foundations and Revolutionary Guards entities.
Peace in the Twenty-First Century?
Authors: Russett Bruce
Published: May 2020

Democracy, trade, and international organizations and norms … have been powerful factors in greatly reducing war across much of the world.
China Policy for Dummies
Authors: Stewart Devin
Published: May 2020

A new book argues an established truism: that China's model of state capitalism is finding favor with authoritarians in the developing world.
Intensive Care for the United Nations
Authors: Weiss Thomas G.
Published: May 2020

A gap is steadily growing between the major challenges facing the planet and the ability of international decision-making processes to deal with them. …
How to Reform the IMF
Authors: Stone Randall W.
Published: May 2020

The ongoing shift in the distribution of global financial power could come just in time to revitalize the IMF and other major international financial institutions.
Drug Violence Isn't Mexico's Only Problem
Authors: González Francisco
Published: May 2020

Weak economic performance … and the great rise in violence and insecurity associated with the war on drugs have contributed to public doubts about democracy.
The Euro's Never-Ending Crisis
Authors: Eichengreen Barry
Published: May 2020

The fact that resolving the crisis will be costly has one silver lining. It concentrates attention on the need to reform the institutions of the euro area to prevent equally costly crises from occurring again.
Angela Merkel and the Unfulfilled Promise of Chancellor Democracy
Authors: Helms Ludger
Published: May 2020

Merkel appeared much more comfortable when leading a grand coalition than she does leading her ‘dream coalition’ today.
New Uncertainties Enliven Russia's Election Season
Authors: Colton Timothy J.
Published: May 2020

To embrace curbs on his own power, Putin would need to act as much out of character as Medvedev would need to act against instinct in order to confront his benefactor.
Russia's Post-Imperial Condition
Authors: Trenin Dmitri
Published: May 2020

Focused mainly on itself, and trying to avoid being dominated by any other countries, Moscow is striving to reconstitute itself as a great power.
The Caucasus in Limbo
Authors: Cornell Svante E.
Published: May 2020

The fallout of Russia's invasion of Georgia has yet to be seriously addressed; Armenia and Azerbaijan are edging toward a new war; and the situation in the North Caucasus is going from bad to worse.
The New World of Democracy Promotion
Authors: Mitchell Lincoln
Published: May 2020

The 1990s were the period when democracy promotion in the form we think of it today began to take shape. But that global political environment was unique…. Things have changed since then.
Could China Be the Next Wave?
Authors: Gilley Bruce
Published: May 2020

China's one-party state is here to stay, many observers agree. Then again, Samuel Huntington in 1984 assessed the odds of regime change in the communist world as “virtually nil.”
Uprisings Jolt the Saudi-Iranian Rivalry
Authors: Wehrey Frederic
Published: May 2020

Saudi and Iranian meddling aggravates a divisive, dangerous form of identity politics in fragile, vulnerable states.
Grown in the Cone: South America's Soybean Boom
Authors: Turzi Mariano
Published: May 2020

As climate constraints and demographic imperatives make food security an ever more critical issue, agricultural resources may become the new linchpin in international relations.
The Shifting Landscape of Latin American Regionalism
Authors: Shifter Michael
Published: May 2020

Brazil's rise, coupled with the diminished influence of the United States and the increasingly salient global role of China, has reshuffled the kaleidoscope of regional organizations.…
The Kims' Three Bodies: Communism and Dynastic Succession in North Korea
Authors: Cumings Bruce
Published: May 2020

The North's philosophy of rule bears close resemblance to what Koreans traditionally said about their kings—or what Hegel said about the German monarch.…
China's Post-Socialist Inequality
Authors: Whyte Martin King
Published: May 2020

The country's sharp increase in income inequality is not the result of the rich getting richer while the poor become poorer.
Can Trade Talks Drive Reform in Japan?
Authors: Mulgan Aurelia George
Published: May 2020

The Trans-Pacific Partnership promises to open markets and encourage structural reforms, but powerful domestic interests oppose Japan's involvement.
Prudence Suggests Staying Out of Syria
Authors: Lesch David W.
Published: May 2020

We have learned time and again in history that arming opposition forces, while improving their chances in the near term, can militarize and divide a society in ways detrimental to its recovery.
Libya and the Limits of Intervention
Authors: Kinzer Stephen
Published: May 2020

A dose of humility might lead Americans to realize that military intervention always produces unforeseen consequences.
Syria's Long Civil War
Authors: Robinson Glenn E.
Published: May 2020

Without an acknowledgment of possible defeat, neither the regime nor the opposition will accept a grand bargain in which compromise is central.
Leagues of Nations
Authors: Lustig Joshua
Published: May 2020

A new book traces the fitful evolution of international order and institutions from the Congress of Vienna to the advent of humanitarian interventions.
Latin America's Inequality Success Story
Authors: Lustig Nora
Published: May 2020

The results of in-depth analyses for Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico reveal two main factors that explain this phenomenon: a fall in the premium that favors skilled over unskilled labor, and more progressive government transfers targeting the poor.
Why 2013 Is Not 1933: The Radical Right in Europe
Authors: Art David
Published: May 2020

If Europe continues to pull itself back from the brink of financial calamity and political instability, historians will write books not about how the radical right destroyed the European project but how elected officials checked populist influences and found a way to muddle through.
Turkey and Its Post-Soviet Neighborhood
Authors: Kirişci Kemal
Published: May 2020

In the long run, a stable, democratic, and economically dynamic Turkey that remains a member of the transatlantic alliance may be able to ease the post-Soviet region closer to the Western liberal order.
Property Rights and Power
Authors: Lawson-Remer Terra
Published: May 2020

[C]apitalist growth has often been built on the expropriation of valuable resources from powerless, marginalized groups, and the reallocation of these resources to more politically powerful, and sometimes more economically productive, new owners.
Iraq Faces the Brink Again
Authors: Pollack Kenneth M.
Published: May 2020

Iraq's indigenous forces for stability seem unlikely to be able to hold the levee themselves, but among the external players only Iran, ironically, seems willing to exert itself to help avoid a catastrophe.
What Arabs Think
Authors: Finan William W.
Published: May 2020

In his new book, Shibley Telhami analyzes extensive polling data from the Middle East, finding that public opinion embraces regional uprisings but dwells on old grievances.
Weathering the Climate Crisis
Authors: Jasanoff Sheila
Published: May 2020

Scientific advances offer hope, but governments must cooperate to save the environment.
The Next Democratic Century
Authors: Diamond Larry
Published: May 2020

Despite setbacks in some countries, democracy has no legitimate competitor.
Uruguay's Social Democratic Experiment
Authors: Lanzaro Jorge
Published: May 2020

If the second term of the left in Uruguay lives up to its promise, complementing the first term's performance, the country will have developed a signature social democratic experience in the global South.
The Catastrophic Greek Crisis
Authors: Matsaganis Manos
Published: May 2020

The failure of public institutions to rise to the occasion by preventing the economic crisis from mutating into social disaster has bred disillusionment with parliamentary democracy and brought the far right and extreme left into the political mainstream.
The Transatlantic Pivot
Authors: Hamilton Daniel S.
Published: May 2020

The United States and Europe must rebalance their partnership in order to face the political, economic, and security challenges of the twenty-first century.
Britain and Europe: The End of the Affair?
Authors: Matthijs Matthias
Published: May 2020

Through a renegotiation of its own fundamental membership terms, Britain wants to reform Europe from within—but by staying out of the euro it refuses to be at the core of European policy making.
A Crisis of Democracy in Bangladesh
Authors: Riaz Ali
Published: May 2020

If the ruling party continues to marginalize the opposition, deny it the space for peaceful protest, and disregard the need for a political roadmap for moving forward, it will encourage extremists to take over.
Rethinking the African Past
Authors: Schmidt Elizabeth
Published: May 2020

A new book by Frederick Cooper seeks to change our understanding both of Africa's role in the global economy over the centuries and of how the independent nation-state replaced colonial rule.
How Real Are Myanmar's Reforms?
Authors: Fink Christina
Published: May 2020

Full democratization may not be achieved in the near future, but given that the reform process was initiated by the regime, Myanmar has come a long way.
The High Stakes of the Ukraine Crisis
Authors: Wilson Andrew
Published: May 2020

‘Transition’ is clearly much harder than it was immediately after the collapse of communism in 1989—91, now that the West is weaker and Russia is not only stronger but committed to keeping its neighbors weak.
The Saudi Thermidor
Authors: Wehrey Frederic
Published: May 2020

Saudi Arabia has emerged as the most vigorous stalwart of what can best be described as the reactionary period of the Arab uprisings—their ‘Thermidorian’ phase.
Germany Rethinks Its Role in the World
Authors: Kundnani Hans
Published: May 2020

Even as Berlin has taken a central role in the eurozone and Ukraine crises, Germans continue to debate whether their foreign policy should go beyond the imperatives of “geo-economic” power.
The Warming Business Climate in Africa
Authors: Taylor Scott
Published: May 2020

With a spate of new activity and progress, perceptions of business and the role of the private sector in economic life have shifted markedly among donors, investors, and African public officials and private actors.
Singapore at 50: The Post—Lee Kuan Yew Era
Authors: Welsh Bridget
Published: May 2020

The party Lee founded … is grappling with the question of how to hold onto power in the face of a more diverse and demanding electorate and a less advantageous economic environment.
Repression, Resistance, and the Law in Post-Coup Thailand
Authors: Haberkorn Tyrell
Published: May 2020

Since the May 2014 coup, the junta has leaned on the law to impose the worst repression in Thailand since the 1970s. Opposition activists are fighting back in the courts.
A New Understanding of a Century-Old Genocide
Authors: Eissenstat Howard
Published: May 2020

Ronald Grigor Suny has written a history of the Armenian genocide that goes beyond familiar partisan interpretations and does justice to the full complexity of the tragedy.
The Rise and Fall of the New Arab Public Sphere
Authors: Lynch Marc
Published: May 2020

“Arab politics will be torn for many years to come between the restless, critical power of the public sphere and the determined efforts of regimes, states, and old elites to maintain their domination.” Third in a series on public spheres around the world.
Egypt's Revolution Turned on its Head
Authors: Shahin Emad El-Din
Published: May 2020

Sisi's focus on fighting terrorism has shifted the nation's political narrative from democracy and freedom to security and war …
Lebanon's Perilous Balancing Act
Authors: Fakhoury Tamirace
Published: May 2020

Although its dysfunctional governance patterns predate the recent wave of turmoil in the region, the war in Syria has unsettled Lebanon's precarious equilibrium.
Mexico in the Grip of Violence
Authors: Magaloni Beatriz , Razu Zaira
Published: May 2020

[C]riminal groups are above the law because they have managed to capture and corrupt the state.
To the Brink and Back in Greece
Authors: Matsaganis Manos
Published: May 2020

[O]rdinary Greeks intuitively understood better than many outsiders that the country had little future cut off from Europe.
Public Health and Global Interventions in Africa
Authors: Prince Ruth J.
Published: May 2020

The power to set agendas, priorities, and approaches lies largely in the hands of external donors, removing African governments from policy making in areas concerning the health-care needs of their citizens.
Stalled Land Reform in South Africa
Authors: Lahiff Edward
Published: May 2020

Since the end of apartheid, South African land reform has struggled—and so far failed—to overcome extreme inequalities and historical injustices …
Africa's Young Survivors
Authors: Reno William
Published: May 2020

Young people in African countries often can't afford marriage and other conventional hallmarks of adulthood. Yet they have developed valuable skills in the struggle to get by.
Migrant Workers' Fight for Rights in China
Authors: Chan Anita
Published: May 2020

The workers themselves have begun demanding better labor conditions and claiming their legal entitlements. No longer as docile as they were in the past, they are emerging as an active force increasingly willing to confront employers.
Can Democracy Cure Myanmar's Ethnic Conflicts?
Authors: Sadan Mandy
Published: May 2020

Burmese politicians of all persuasions … seem to be equally bereft of inspiration for negotiating a path to a peaceful and inclusive state in which the hopes and aspirations of non-Burman and non-Buddhist communities would be protected.
Turkey's Tenuous Pivot Toward Russia
Authors: Paul Amanda
Published: May 2020

Ankara is cozying up to Moscow in a momentary fit of pique with the West, but economic and security realities make it likely that Turkey will stay in NATO's camp.
The Growing Importance of Diaspora Politics
Authors: Adamson Fiona B.
Published: May 2020

[D]iaspora politics can be viewed as not only enhancing or challenging state power in particular cases, but also contributing to new forms of global identity politics that transcend state institutions.
How Refugee Diasporas Respond to Trauma
Authors: Koinova Maria
Published: May 2020

The kind of support refugees receive to help them deal with the stresses of displacement can determine whether they will be a constructive or a divisive force.
Labor's Role in the Arab Uprisings and Beyond
Authors: Hartshorn Ian M.
Published: May 2020

“Some trade unions, even in the most repressive states, attempted to organize themselves and press for greater autonomy in the revolutionary moment.” Third in a series on labor relations around the world.
The Tragedy of Obama's Foreign Policy
Authors: Boyle Michael J.
Published: May 2020

Historians may well conclude that Obama glimpsed a different world for American foreign policy but never exerted the kind of strategic direction needed to turn that vision into reality.
The Populist Turn in American Politics
Authors: Eichengreen Barry
Published: May 2020

[H]istory … suggests taking more seriously concerns about inequality and, specifically, the resentment and alienation of once-privileged groups who feel left behind.
The Nationalist Origins of Political Islam
Authors: Cesari Jocelyne
Published: May 2020

[The] incorporation of Islam within state institutions nationalized religious authorities and teachings, giving rise to a hegemonic version of the faith.
Haiti's ‘Republic of NGOs’
Authors: Schuller Mark
Published: May 2020

NGOs and other foreign entities took control of the humanitarian response to the 2010 earthquake, creating parallel structures that contributed to the very duplication and state weaknesses that NGOs were supposed to solve.
The Difficult Road to Peace in Colombia
Authors: Posada-Carbó Eduardo
Published: May 2020

Negotiations to settle a long-running guerrilla conflict finally produced an agreement, which voters promptly rejected. Now that the government has pushed through the pact anyway, will it stick?
Chronicles of China's Spiritual Revival
Authors: Weller Robert P.
Published: May 2020

A veteran journalist explores the surprisingly varied and vibrant array of religious groups that are now thriving in a country that is officially atheist but searching for something to believe in.
The Empire that Dared Not Speak Its Name: Making Nations in the Soviet State
Authors: Suny Ronald Grigor
Published: May 2020

The Soviet Union was an empire within which nations old and new developed, changed, and eventually became self-sufficient enough to opt out.
The Revolutionary Roots of Russian Foreign Policy
Authors: Friedman Jeremy
Published: May 2020

Russia continues to be caught between a need to integrate itself into the West and a desire to maintain its independence from the West.
Climate Change Adaptation and Traditional Cultures in Northern Russia
Authors: Crate Susan
Published: May 2020

Northern Russia's physical vulnerability to climate change is at best severe, considering the underlying permafrost and the threat that warming presents to that foundation.
Broken Ties in the Ferghana Valley
Authors: Kamp Marianne
Published: May 2020

An anthropologist with long ties to a border town in Central Asia watched as nationalist sentiment turned what had been an informal boundary into a hard divide between erstwhile neighbors.
How Big Data Feeds Big Crime
Authors: Wall David S.
Published: May 2020

Big data and big crimes are powered by cloud technologies and the Internet of Things …
Beginning of the End?
Authors: Lustig Joshua
Published: May 2020

A pair of political scientists warn that history offers many examples of democracies collapsing after demagogues come to power–and the United States is not immune
Visions and Reality of a Common Culture
Authors: Moya José C.
Published: May 2020

The idea of Latin America has shifted over time, from bulwark against Yankee imperialism to unique ethnic and cultural mix. But it has always framed the region as an antimodern foil to the West.
The Push for Proactive Climate Adaptation in Europe
Authors: Booth Laura , Patt Anthony
Published: May 2020

Europeans are taking the risks presented by climate change seriously, and responding. Sixth in a series on climate adaptation around the world.
Intimate Explorations of Postsocialist Lives
Authors: Todorova Maria
Published: May 2020

Two books offer different takes on everyday life in Bulgaria since 1989, one a lament for the loss of social solidarity, the other a lyrical portrait of a wild frontier region.
The Struggle for Control of Pakistan's Fragile Democracy
Authors: Javed Umair
Published: May 2020

While Sharif's disqualification was certainly not as egregious as an outright coup or any other extraconstitutional intervention, the nature and process of his removal amounts to another setback for democracy in Pakistan.
Bangladesh Copes With the Rohingya Crisis By Itself
Authors: Murshid Navine
Published: May 2020

Bangladesh has neither the military nor the diplomatic power to force a solution on Myanmar.
Nepal's Towering Climate Adaptation Challenges
Authors: Nightingale Andrea J.
Published: May 2020

Clearly, Nepalis have to adapt to climate change. It is less clear what precisely the challenges are and who is best positioned to lead the response.
China's South Asian Miscalculation
Authors: Pantucci Raffaello
Published: May 2020

Beijing's miscalculations regarding India have created conflict with a regional power that has the capability and desire to disrupt China's outward push.
Is Putinism the Russian Norm or an Aberration?
Authors: McFaul Michael
Published: May 2020

Policies chosen by Putin, not innate forces of history, culture, or tradition, pushed Russia in a more autocratic direction …
Economic Wishful Thinking and the Democratic Crisis
Authors: Best Jacqueline
Published: May 2020

Politicians proved unwilling to do the hard work of challenging vested interests and convincing electorates of the need for more profound reforms in the aftermath of the crisis.
The Great Recession and the Destruction of Minority Wealth
Authors: Massey Douglas S. , Rugh Jacob S.
Published: May 2020

“In the course of the Great Recession, already fragile black and Hispanic middle-class households lost huge amounts of wealth, which had often been painstakingly accumulated over many decades.” Third in a series on social mobility around the world.
Nigeria's Two Decades of Zero-Sum Democracy
Authors: Obadare Ebenezer
Published: May 2020

[T]he more distant the experience of military rule, the greater has been society's reconciliation to the reality of democracy as the only game in town.
The Eritrea-Ethiopia Thaw and Its Regional Impact
Authors: Woldemariam Michael
Published: May 2020

[T]urning the page on decades of conflict and underdevelopment in the Horn of Africa will require … democratization and the institutionalization of transparent, accountable governance.
Pan-African Aspirations Drive a New Free Trade Pact
Authors: Nshimbi Christopher Changwe
Published: May 2020

Ideally, the free movement of goods and services should coexist with the free movement of people.
Social Change Unsettles Kazakhstan
Authors: Bissenova Alima
Published: May 2020

Despite all of its symbolic continuity, Kazakhstan is a society in transition.
Decriminalization and the Dilemmas of Regulating Prostitution
Authors: Dewey Susan
Published: May 2020

The same inequalities of sex, race, and class that pervade all aspects of life are particularly pronounced in the regulation of prostitution.
The Death Penalty's Continued Decline
Authors: Johnson David T. , Zimring Franklin E.
Published: May 2020

The vast majority of the world's judicial executions occur in a handful of nations.
Lessons on the Drug War from an Enemy
Authors: Ghiabi Maziyar
Published: May 2020

Iran has largely abandoned its hard-line policies and now treats drug abuse as a public health problem. Why is it so hard for other nations to renounce their costly embrace of prohibition?
Time to Rein in the Prosecutors?
Authors: Miller Lisa L.
Published: May 2020

An expert makes a detailed case for criminal justice reform, yet offers few answers for the kind of violent crime wave that led to the era of mass incarceration—and ravages minority communities.
How Women Helped Shape Tunisia's Revolution and Democratic Transition
Authors: Moghadam Valentine M.
Published: May 2020

Women, and women's rights, were at the center—not the margins—of Tunisia's revolution.
Pushing for a Political Breakthrough: Kurds in Turkey and Palestinians in Israel
Authors: Fishman Louis
Published: May 2020

These two minority communities have to work within the confines of ethnonationalist states that question their right to participate in the political system.
The Lebanese Rise Up Against a Failed System
Authors: Kraidy Marwan M.
Published: May 2020

Protests against a dysfunctional and corrupt political class have erupted nationwide, crossing sectarian divides. A frustrated younger generation, unscarred by the civil war, is in the vanguard.
Slums, Favelas, and Urban Villages: Housing Policy in the Global South
Authors: Ren Xuefei
Published: May 2020

Comparing China, India, and Brazil reveals that current housing policies in all three countries have produced new forms of exclusion for inhabitants of informal settlements.
“Good-Parent Beliefs”: Research, Concept, and Clinical Practice
Authors: Weaver Meaghann S. , October Tessie , Feudtner Chris , Hinds Pamela S.
Published: May 2020

Parents of ill children have willingly identified their personal beliefs about what they should do or focus on to fulfill their own internal definition of being a good parent for their child. This observation has led to the development of the good-parent beliefs concept over the past decade. A growing qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research base has explored the ways that good-parent beliefs guide family decision-making and influence family relationships. Parents have expressed comfort in speaking about their good-parent beliefs. Whether parents achieve their unique good-parent beliefs definition affects their sense of whether they did a good job in their role of parenting their ill child. In this state-of-the-art article, we offer an overview of the good-parent beliefs concept over the past decade, addressing what is currently known and gaps in what we know, and explore how clinicians may incorporate discussions about the good-parent beliefs into clinical practice.
Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) in a Pediatric Patient Positive for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Tsao Hoi See , Chason Hannah M. , Fearon Deirdre M.
Published: May 2020

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a potential presentation of COVID-19. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral testing should be considered in these patients to allow for appropriate hospital triaging and isolation to limit community spread and health care worker infection during epidemics or pandemics. ITP is characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia. Approximately two-thirds of children with primary ITP have a history of a viral infection during the previous month.1,2 Viruses commonly identified as triggers include cytomegalovirus, hepatitis C, herpes, varicella zoster, Epstein-Barr, influenza, and HIV.3–7 In this case report, we describe the first documented case of a pediatric patient with ITP who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. This case raises awareness of ITP as a possible pediatric presentation of coronavirus disease.
SARS-CoV-2–Induced Kawasaki-Like Hyperinflammatory Syndrome: A Novel COVID Phenotype in Children
Authors: Licciardi Francesco , Pruccoli Giulia , Denina Marco , Parodi Emilia , Taglietto Manuela , Rosati Sergio , Montin Davide
Published: May 2020

We describe 2 children with persistent fever and profuse diarrhea who developed signs of mucocutaneous involvement (conjunctivitis, fissured lips, skin rash, erythema, and edema of the hands and feet). Blood tests revealed elevated markers of inflammation, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and complement consumption. Afterward, diffuse edema with hypoalbuminemia appeared in the context of a capillary leak syndrome. In both patients, repeated nasal swabs were negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but each patient had high titers of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The negative PCR results in the presence of immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G suggested that the inflammatory response developed in the late phase of viral infection, when SARS-CoV-2 was not detectable in the upper airway. In this report, we describe patients with what we propose to name as SARS-CoV-2–induced Kawasaki-like hyperinflammatory syndrome. SARS-CoV-2–induced Kawasaki-like hyperinflammatory syndrome seems to be caused by a delayed response to SARS-CoV-2. It resembles Kawasaki disease complicated by macrophage activation syndrome, although it has peculiar features, such as prodromal diarrhea, capillary leak syndrome, and myocardial dysfunction. Intravenous corticosteroid treatment appears to be helpful.
RESPON MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENGAJIAN HARI SELASA
Authors: Indriantini Riri
Published: May 2020

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui respon masyarakat terhadap pengajian yang di adakan di Masjid Nurul Huda setiap hari Selasa, ada beberapa masalah yang teridentifikasi dari fenomena pengajian Selasa di Masjid Nurul Huda Desa Lengkong. Pertama, bagaimana respon masyarakat terhadap pengajian rutin hari Selasa di masjid Nurul Huda. Kedua, Ibu-ibu yang mengikuti pengajian kurang memperhatikan da’i dikarenakan sibuk mengobrol saat pengajian berlangsung. Adapun yang ketiga, Ibu-ibu yang mengikuti pengajian tidak mempraktekkan dikehidupan sehari-hari. Metode deskriptif yaitu metode yang digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah-masalah yang aktual dengan cara mengumpulkan data kemudian mengklasifikasikan.Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara pertama observasi, yaitu mengamati objek secara langsung, kedua wawancara, ketiga angket yaitu alat pengumpulan data dalam bentuk pernyataan-pernyataan.Dengan adanya pengajian di Desa Lengkong Masjid Nurul Huda  rt02 rw07 masyarakat merespon dengan baik, adapun hasil persentase  dari komunikan yang pertama perhatian masyarakat 50%, yang kedua pengertian 100%, dan yang ketiga penerimaan 80%.

There are several problems identified from the phenomenon of Tuesday recitation at the Mosque of Nurul Huda in Lengkong Village. First, what is the response towards the community of Tuesday recitation at Mosque of Nurul Huda. Second, mothers following recitation less attention speaker due to chatting during recitation progress. Then the third, the mothers are following the recitation not practice in everyday life.The Object of this research is to know the response of the community towards recitation held at Mosque of Nurul Huda every Tuesday. Descriptive method is a method used to solve actual problems by collecting data and then classify. Technique of collecting data with observation, that is observing object directly, interview, questionnaire that is instrument of data collecting in form of statements. The result of recitation in Lengkong village at Mosque of Nurul Huda neighborhood ward 02 / 07 is the community responded good. The result of percentage is the first communicant attention 50%, the second understanding 100%, and the third acceptance 80%.
Optimalisasi Private Cloud Storage Berbasis Devstack Guna Meningkatkan Performansi Network Function Virtual
Authors: Budiyanto Setiyo , Nahampun Kristiani N , Silaban Freddy A , Silalahi Lukman M , R Fajar
Published: May 2020

Sistem NFV merupakan sebuah arsitektur jaringan yang menggunakan teknologi virtualisasi untuk seluruh fungsi platform jaringan dan fungsionalitas perangkat keras. Salah satu platform cloud computing yang dapat digunakan untuk membangun NFV adalah Devstack. Devstack merupakan sebuah tools untuk membangun layanan Private Cloud Storage. Melalui sistem ini, layanan Private Cloud Storage dapat berjalan didalam sebuah jaringan virtual. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan implementasi jaringan virtual menggunakan devstack yang berbasis insfrastruktur NFV pada layanan Private Cloud Storage, dilanjutkan dengan pengukuran QoS diantaranya adalah throughput, bit rate, jitter, dan delay. Melalui penelitian ini, dapat diketahui kemampuan suatu jaringan virtual pada suatu infrastruktur cloud computing. Berdasarkan standar ITU-T, nilai Jitter dan packet loss bernilai sangat baik.
Coacción, intimidación y coerción en Derecho penal
Authors: Sanchez-Ostiz Pablo
Published: May 2020

Para la responsabilidad por la accion humana se exige libertad (conocimiento y voluntad); no es posible la responsabilidad en casos de ignorancia y de acrasia. Se distinguen tres supuestos diversos de conocimiento (conocer, saber, y obrar a conciencia) y paralelamente tres supuestos de voluntad (volicion, voluntariedad y obrar por conviccion); y cada uno de ellos se ve excluido por un factor de ignorancia o de acrasia. Estos elementos permiten trazar un panorama completo en el que se explican los casos de actuar conforme a la norma, contra la norma, y supererogatorios.
Medical Education in Iran: How amazingly AMEE live Conference 2018 engaged more Iranian Medical Educationists
Authors: Haghdoost AliAkbar , Bigdeli Shoaleh , Asgary Saeed
Published: May 2020

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended.
Laboratory monitoring of postvaccination measles immunity
Authors: Ereshchenko A. A.
Published: May 2020

Measles vaccination In Russian Federation was introduced in 1967. It was assumed that the twodose vaccination regime would lead to a decrease in the incidence and elimination of measles. A number of studies have shown that up to 10% of individuals who received two doses of measles vaccine do not develop a specific humoral immunity, or do not maintain it at a protective level. This fact may contribute to gradual accumulation of persons susceptible for measles infection in the population, thus leading to emergence of new viral outbreaks in the future. The aim of this study was to perform dynamic monitoring of the post-vaccination measles immunity. The study involved 149 people. All the examined persons were divided into 2 groups. The group of comparison included persons, aged 19 to 51 years, in whom absence of measles immunity was serologically confirmed (n = 76). This group was twice vaccinated with live measles culture vaccine (NPO “Microgen”, Russia). Determination of IgG to measles virus was carried out 1 month after vaccination and revaccination. The control group consisted of persons with documented evidence of double immunization against measles virus, with laboratory-confirmed measles immunity (n = 73), aged 19 to 53 years. The comparative dynamics of development and contents of antibodies in the comparison-control groups were considered, with respect to the WHO age classification. Basic and postvaccinal dynamic determination of IgG to measles virus in serum was performed by ELISA using the “VectoKor-IgG” test system (Vector-Best, Novosibirsk). When analyzing the results of the study, it was noted that the level of measles immunity group in older persons from control group (over 45 years old) was initially higher, than in younger subjects. Among young people, the titers of specific measles antibodies reached the values of the control group of the corresponding age after the first vaccination, whereas the level of specific measles antibodies in older age group was significantly lower compared to the control group even after revaccination. A month after the first immunization, 4 people did not reach the protective level of anti-measles IgG. However, revaccination allowed them to form anti-measles immunity. In the course of our work, a case of non-response to vaccination was identified. Thus, our study showed a sufficient interindividual variability in humoral immune responses to measles vaccination.
Role of TNFα and IL-10 in rheumatoid arthritis and association with some HLA II DR and DQ alleles
Authors: Alsalih N. , Raheem S. S , Alyasari A.
Published: May 2020

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease that causes progressive joint damage and disability. The affected tissues are histologicaly characterized by prominent infiltration with inflammatory mononuclear cells, such as T cells and macrophages, and proliferation of synovial fibroblasts. Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and IL-6, which are mainly produced by macrophages, play a central role in the development of synoviitis. For example, TNF is shown to directly induce synovial fibroblast proliferation, which leads to the pannus formation. TNF is also critical for the expression of inflammatory chemokines and adhesion molecules, which, in combination, facilitate further leukocyte attraction and perpetuation of inflammatory responses. In addition to environmental factors, genetic constitution of host organism seems to play a crucial role in acquiring and development of the disease. The present study was carried out to investigate the association of HLA-class 11 (DR, DQ) with RA disease by genotyping in Iraqi patients, as well as to provide information about genotypes that confer susceptibility or resistance to this disease. Aim of the study was to assess the role, strength and profile of immune response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis by estimation of TNFα, IL-10 and levels, as compared to healthy control group, and to identify a role for certain alleles in occurrence of the disease. The 5-ml samples of venous blood were taken from 30 patients suffering from confirmed rheumatoid arthritis, 19 patients were females and 11 males, as well 30 healthy control samples were enrolled in this study. All the samples were subjected to ELISA test, in order to estimate TNFα, and IL-10 levels in serum from 3 ml of blood. DNA was extracted from 2 ml of blood, and HLA-Class Il genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSO). A highly statistical significant variation, both in TNFα, and IL-10 levels between RA patients group and healthy control group was observed (p < 0.001). No statically significant differences between males and females in frequency of the RA (p = 0.119). HLA-class II genotyping of RA patients in comparison with healthy control showed significant differences in some alleles between the both groups. Some DR alleles proved to be informative, e.g., the DR*0403 allele showed a significantly increased frequency in control group with 35%, compared with 6.67% in RA group (p = 0.02). The DR*701 allele showed increased frequency in the patients with 9 cases (30%, p = 0.007). Genotyping of DQ alleles did not any no significant differences. Although *0202 allele occurred in 40% of patients group versus 15% in control groups, it was not significant (p > 0.05).
Consultative participation in Brazil: the case of the São Paulo Municipal Advisory Board
Authors: Lima-Silva Fernanda , Abreu Kate , Leblanc Esther
Published: May 2020

Abstract This article analyzed the São Paulo Municipal Advisory Board, an innovative channel of communication between civil society and the local government’s executive branch. This exploratory research is based on an intrinsic case study, aiming to understand the operation of this advisory board and how it relates to other participatory instances in Brazil. The study adopted semi-structured interviews with members of the advisory board and representatives of the local government, participant observation of meetings of the management’s board, and analysis of official documents. Data were analyzed based on the theory of deliberative democracy and studies on participatory bodies. The results indicate that the São Paulo Municipal Advisory Board is partially aligned with the deliberative democracy, and strongly connected to the federal and state-level Economic and Social Development Advisory Boards. Due to the specificities of these instances, we suggest the creation of a new category in the literature on institutional participation - “Governmental Advisory Board.”
Rio de Janeiro water crisis: a metagenomic approach
Authors: Moura Priscila Gonçalves , Kotowski Filho Nelson Peixoto , Carvajal Elvira , Handam Natasha Berendonk , Jardim Rodrigo , Martins Adriana Sotero
Published: May 2020

In Rio de Janeiro’s metropolitan area comprise, over 8 million inhabitants receive drinking water from Company responsible for water and sewage, capted by the Guandu river’s water treatment station. Such water started to present unusual odour, taste and color in January 2020, as stated by the population itself. Results obtained through raw water microbiome metagenomic analysis inferred cyanobacteria presence, with Planktothricoides gender and Planktothricoides sp. SR001 being the most abundant gender and organism. Such do pose a risk to public health, as they are able to produce cyanotoxins that affect human health.
A New Species of Justicia (Acanthaceae: Acanthoideae: Justicieae) from Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Alcantara Camila , Soares Gleison , de Assis Ribeiro dos Santos Francisco , Alves Marccus
Published: May 2020

Abstract—Justicia rubrobracteata, a new species from northeastern Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to J. aequilabris due to its shrubby habit, and terminal and axillary spicate inflorescences with
red flowers. However, J. rubrobracteata is differentiated mainly by the shape and color of its bracts and bracteoles as well as an orangish macula in the corolla, and a torulose capsule. In addition, J. rubrobracteata is only known from northeastern Brazil, from
the states of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte, while J. aequilabris is widely distributed in Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. A table with the main morphological characters of both species is included, as well as photographs, a key to species of Justicia for the states of
Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte in northeastern Brazil, a distribution map of both species, and conservation data for the new species.
Disentangling the Taxonomic Variations within the High-Andean Complex Gomphrena meyeniana (Gomphrenoideae, Amaranthaceae)
Authors: Bena Maria Julia , Ortuño Teresa , Acosta Juan Manuel
Published: May 2020

Abstract—Gomphrena meyeniana is an extremely variable species from the Andean highlands, which has attracted the attention of many botanists because it is the world’s highest-elevation C4 eudicot and because of its wide morphological variability.
It has the typical high-Andean plant morphology, with small leaves tightly clustered on a thick rootstock. The large range of morphological variation within this species coupled with the varying opinions on the existence of several species or infra-specific taxa and the lack of molecular information
has made the clarification of the G. meyeniana complex a challenge. Our approach was to perform broad molecular sampling to identify the phylogenetic position of G. meyeniana within Gomphrena and to perform a multivariate analysis to objectively differentiate taxa based
on morphological characters. The ITS and trnL-F regions were analyzed individually and in combination using Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony methods. To analyze the morphological characters we performed a clustering method (partitioning around medoids with the Gower’s
dissimilarity algorithm). The molecular analyses supported the monophyly of the G. meyeniana complex, but did not support segregation into varieties. The morphological analyses supported recognition of three varieties that can be easily distinguished by three simple characters: the
presence of leaves on the flowering shoot, the habit of the flowering shoot, and the pilosity of the sepals. The varieties of G. meyeniana accepted here are G. meyeniana var. meyeniana, G. meyeniana var. caulescens, and G. meyeniana var. flaccida.
A dichotomous key to identify the infra-specific taxa is here presented and illustrated. Gomphrena meyeniana var. tucumanensis and G. meyeniana var. conwayi are synonymized with G. meyeniana var. caulescens and G. meyeniana var. meyeniana,
respectively.
Phylogenomics Resolves the Relationships within Antennaria (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) and Yields New Insights into its Morphological Character Evolution and Biogeography
Authors: Thapa Ramhari , Bayer Randall J. , Mandel Jennifer R.
Published: May 2020

There is an erratum for this article at: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420X15959578652451

Abstract—Antennaria are dioecious perennial herbs distributed mainly in the Holarctic Region, with their major center of diversity in the Rocky Mountains of Western North America. The genus comprises 33 known sexual diploid/tetraploid species and at least five
polyploid agamic complexes which mostly reproduce by forming asexual seeds. We performed a phylogenetic reconstruction of the 31 sexually-reproducing Antennaria species using a novel target enrichment method that employs custom capture probes designed to work across Asteraceae. Both
concatenated and coalescent-based analyses of DNA sequence data from hundreds of nuclear loci recovered Antennaria as a monophyletic group except for the long-disputed species, Antennaria linearifolia, which was recovered outside of the genus. Antennaria was further resolved
into three distinct, major lineages. Analysis of ancestral state reconstruction of 12 taxonomically important morphological characters elucidated patterns of character evolution throughout the genus. Estimations of ancestral geographic ranges and molecular dating analyses demonstrated the
Rocky Mountain region, including the Vancouverian Province, as the center of origin for the genus Antennaria, around 5.8 MYA. Subsequent dispersals of Antennaria into the Arctic and Appalachian provinces, Canadian provinces, and Eurasia took place roughly 3.2 MYA, 2.4 MYA, and
1.6 MYA, respectively. Biogeographical stochastic mapping indicated that 51.4% of biogeographical events were based on within-area speciation. The remaining 48.6% of the events were divided into two types of dispersals: 1) range expansion dispersals (anagenic, 37%), and 2) founder/jump dispersals
(cladogenic, 11.6%). Our results provide a framework for future evolutionary studies of Antennaria, including speciation, origin(s) of polyploidy, and agamospermy in the genus.
Telipogon chachapoyensis (Orchidaceae), a New Species from Peru Similar to T. microglossus
Authors: Martel Carlos , Edquen José , Collantes Benjamín , Ocupa Luis
Published: May 2020

Abstract—Telipogon chachapoyensis is described as a new species. It is similar to Telipogon microglossus. We provide a description, illustrations, pictures, and information about the habitat of this new species. Furthermore, we present information
and discuss the identity and occurrence of species morphologically similar to Telipogon chachapoyensis, which we call the Telipogon microglossus group, a distinct group among the Telipogon. We also transfer a recently described species, Stellilabium latialatum,
to Telipogon.
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA): A Simple Tool for Guiding the Treatment of Older Adults with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in China
Authors: Bai Jie-Fei , Han Hui-Xiu , Feng Ru , Li Jiang-Tao , Wang Ting , Zhang Chun-Li , Liu Hui
Published: May 2020

Background

We aimed to validate a simple Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) in older adults with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in China and to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of CGA-driven therapy.

Materials and Methods

In total, 78 patients with DLBCL aged ≥60 years were evaluated using CGA with the following parameters: age ≥ 80 years, activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL, and modified cumulative illness rating score for geriatrics. Patients were grouped as fit, unfit, or frail. Patients classified as fit received standard-dose rituximab plus CHOP, whereas patients in the latter two groups received reduced-dose or reduced-agent therapy. The overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicities in the three groups were evaluated.

Results

According to the CGA, 45 (57.5%) patients were classified as fit, 5 (6.4%) as unfit, and 28 (35.9%) as frail. The ORR was 82.1% (64/78) among all the patients, including 55 patients (70.6%) who achieved complete response and 9 patients (11.5%) who achieved partial response. In the fit and unfit + frail groups, it achieved 97.8% and 60.6%, respectively. In total, 26 (33.3%) patients (10/45 [22.2%] fit and 16/33 [48.5%] unfit + frail) showed disease progression or recurrence. The median follow-up time was 18 months (range, 5–62). The 3-year OS and PFS rates were 82% and 58%, respectively. There were no treatment-related deaths.

Conclusion

A simple CGA in older adults with DLBCL may be an effective tool for guiding therapeutic strategies in China.

Implications for Practice

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common malignant lymphoma in older adults. The simple tool, Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), is proved to be an effective method to identify older adults with DLBCL who are suitable for standard-dose R-CHOP regimen therapy. This is the first prospective trial in China to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of CGA-driven therapy for older adults with DLBCL, and the result showed that this simple CGA may be an effective tool for guiding therapeutic strategies.