bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatigue damage evolution and failure of pre‐corroded aluminum alloy 7075‐T651 under air and corrosion environments
Authors: Song Haipeng , Jiang Sheng , Sun Lishun , Zhang Hao , Leen Sean B. , Du Juan
Published: June 2023

This paper presents characterization for fatigue failure analysis of precorroded AA7075‐T651 under air and exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) environments, with respect to damage accumulation, macrocrack and microcrack behavior via 3D digital image correlation (DIC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). It is shown that that corrosion pits induce fatigue cracking with different nucleation times, and locations. It is furthermore shown that while the corrosive environment accelerates crack formation, it significantly hinders fatigue crack propagation at low stress amplitudes due to crack closure and tip passivation. Five dominant fatigue microcrack initiation types (pit bottom, corrosion tunnel, corrosion micropit, corrosion jut‐in, and chapped feature) and relevant mechanisms were identified, related to corrosion pit macro–micro morphology, material microdefect, local material grain structure, and loading condition.
Effects of cropland reclamation on soil organic carbon in China's black soil region over the past 35 years
Authors: Wang Xiang , Li Sijia , Wang Liping , Zheng Miao , Wang Zongming , Song Kaishan
Published: June 2023

The long‐term use of cropland and cropland reclamation from natural ecosystems led to soil degradation. This study investigated the effect of the long‐term use of cropland and cropland reclamation from natural ecosystems on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and density over the past 35 years. Altogether, 2140 topsoil samples (0–20 cm) were collected across Northeast China. Landsat images were acquired from 1985 to 2020 through Google Earth Engine, and the reflectance of each soil sample was extracted from the Landsat image that its time was consistent with sampling. The hybrid model that included two individual SOC prediction models for two clustering regions was built for accurate estimation after k‐means clustering. The probability hybrid model, a combination between the hybrid model and classification probabilities of pixels, was introduced to enhance the accuracy of SOC mapping. Cropland reclamation results were extracted from the land cover time‐series dataset at a 5‐year interval. Our study indicated that: (1) Long‐term use of cropland led to a 3.07 g kg−1and 6.71 Mg C ha−1decrease in SOC content and density, respectively, and the decrease of SOC stock was 0.32 Pg over the past 35 years; (2) nearly 64% of cropland had a negative change in terms of SOC content from 1985 to 2020; (3) cropland reclamation track changed from high to low SOC content, and almost no cropland was reclaimed on the “Black soils” after 2005; (4) cropland reclamation from wetlands resulted in the highest decrease, and reclamation period of years 31–35 decreased when SOC density and SOC stock were 16.05 Mg C ha−1and 0.005 Pg, respectively, while reclamation period of years 26–30 from forest witnessed SOC density and stock decreases of 8.33 Mg C ha−1and 0.01 Pg, respectively. Our research results provide a reference for SOC change in the black soil region of Northeast China and can attract more attention to the area of the protection of “Black soils” and natural ecosystems.
Preoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast over a 24‐year period
Authors: Lee Andrew H S , Toss Michael S , James Jonathan J , Hodi Zsolt , Ellis Ian O , Rakha Emad A
Published: June 2023

Aims

The method of diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has changed since the 1980s. The aim of this audit was to assess changes in the preoperative diagnosis of DCIS since the introduction of needle core biopsy, particularly the proportion with a preoperative biopsy diagnosis of DCIS.

Methods and results

The preoperative diagnoses of patients with a final diagnosis of DCIS in the surgical specimen were reviewed (i) in 809 patients who presented through breast screening from 1997 to 2021, and (ii) in all patients in 5 individual years at 5‐year intervals from 2000 to 2020 (254 in total). For screening‐detected DCIS the proportion with a preoperative diagnosis of DCIS increased from 75% to 98% over the study period. In a detailed analysis of all cases of DCIS in 5 separate years the proportion with a preoperative diagnosis of DCIS increased from 68% in 2000 to 96% in 2020. For high‐grade DCIS the proportion increased from 87% to 97%, and for low‐ or intermediate‐grade DCIS from 48% to 93%. The proportion of women who had vacuum‐assisted biopsy increased from 7% in 2000 to 58% in 2015. There was a small increase in the number of biopsies that had basal cytokeratin and oestrogen receptor immunohistochemistry to aid diagnosis.

Conclusion

There has been an increase in the preoperative diagnosis of DCIS, particularly of low‐ or intermediate‐grade, over the last two decades. The increasing use of vacuum‐assisted biopsy is likely to be a major contributory factor to this increase.
Nano eggshell‐based slurry as a direct pulp‐capping material: In vitro characterization and histopathological assessment in an experimental animal model
Authors: Nabil Sulyiman Shaimaa , El‐Rashidy Aiah A. , El Moshy Sara , Abbas Marwa M. S. , Waly Gihan
Published: June 2023

Aim

Pulp vitality is essential for tooth integrity. Following pulp exposure, choosing a suitable pulp‐capping material is crucial to maintain pulp vitality. However, the reparative dentine bridge created by calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is generally porous and incomplete. The aim of the current study is to assess the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of nano eggshell‐based slurry (NES), using NES as a direct pulp‐capping material, compared with Ca(OH)2 in rabbit animal model.

Methodology

Nano eggshell powder (NE) was characterized for particle morphology, chemical composition and ion release. In vitro bioactivity was tested by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days. For histopathological evaluation, 36 adult New Zealand rabbits (72 pulp exposures) were divided into nine groups (n = 8) according to the pulp‐capping material (NES, Ca(OH)2 and no capping as negative control group) and the animals were sacrificed after 7, 14 or 28 days. The pulps of the two lower central incisors were exposed and then directly capped by Ca(OH)2 or NES or left untreated. The cavities were then sealed with glass ionomer cement. Teeth were collected for histopathological evaluation using an optical microscope. Pulp haemorrhage, inflammation, fibrosis and calcific bridge formation were assessed. Results were statistically analysed using anova and Tukey's tests.

Results

Nano eggshell particles were spherical with a 20 nm diameter and were composed mainly of calcite. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant increase in the release of all investigated ions between days 1 and 28, except for copper. NES group showed a significantly higher release of all elements as compared to Ca(OH)2. Environmental scanning electron microscope micrographs of NES incubated for 7 days in SBF showed the formation of HAp with a Ca/P ratio (1.686). For histopathological evaluation, the difference between groups was statistically significant. At day 28, 75% of the pulps of the Ca(OH)2 group showed mild calcific bridge in comparison with 100% moderate calcific bridge in the NES group. The NES group showed significantly less inflammation at days 7 and 28, and higher fibrosis at day 7 compared with Ca(OH)2.

Conclusions

Nano eggshell‐based slurry represents a promising novel direct pulp‐capping material with favourable pulp tissue response.
Effect of micro/nano La2O3 addition on the sintering and properties of mullite synthesized
Authors: Gao Xiong , Zhang Deng , Feng Xueru , Zhang Jiamin , Peng Yuqing , Pan Zhicheng , Dai Zongming
Published: June 2023

The aim of this work is to prepare interlocking prismatic mullite from low‐cost associated rare‐earth kaolin. High‐performance mullite was synthesized by reaction sintering using calcined associated rare‐earth kaolin and α‐Al2O3 as raw materials and micro‐ and nano‐La2O3 as additives. The mineralogical, morphological, and chemical characteristics of calcined associated rare earth kaolin were analyzed, and the effects of the addition of micro‐ and nano‐La2O3 and sintering temperature on the phase transformation, sintering process, microstructure, and mechanical properties of mullite were studied. The results show that the associated rare earth elements Ce, Th, and Y in calcined kaolin are mainly light rare earth elements, which are mainly endowed in the interlayer structure of K‐bearing clay minerals. The addition of La2O3 can promote the growth of secondary mullite grains and accelerate the secondary mullitization process. The relative densities of mullite samples adding 4 wt.% micro/nano La2O3 and sintered at 1500°C for 4 h were 92.72% and 93.4%, and the micro Vickers hardnesses were 11.32 and 12.35 GPa, respectively. The mullite sample with 2 wt.% nano‐La2O3 had the most interlaced prismatic grains, resulting in the highest flexural strength of 157.8 MPa.
Phase composition, crystal structure, and microwave dielectric properties of LiIn1‐xAlxO2 ceramics
Authors: Chen Junqi , Wang Zhaohui , Qing Peili , Chen Jinwu
Published: June 2023

A series of LiIn1‐xAlxO2 (x =0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25) microwave dielectric ceramics with low permittivity were synthesized via a solid‐state reaction method. XRD, Raman spectra, and SEM analysis reveal that a single LiInO2 tetragonal structure phase could be obtained at the x < 0.10, and with the x increased further to 0.15–0.25, the diffraction peaks of the secondary phase LiAlO2 were detected. In the LiIn1‐xAlxO2 ceramics, the τf was closely related to the εr, and the relative density, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties were effectively improved by the Al3+ substitution for In3+. Bond valence theory analysis demonstrates that the Al3+ entered the In3+ site exhibits a strength rattling effect, which is beneficial to the increase of εr. While Al3+ substitution for In3+ simultaneously lowers the average ionic polarizability, resulting in a decrease in εr. A near‐zero τf (0.74 ppm/°C) combined with εr approximately 12.83, Q × f = 58 200 GHz, was obtained in LiIn0.85Al0.15O2 ceramic sintered at 970°C.
Exploring online customer experience: A systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Kacprzak Agnieszka , Hensel Przemysław
Published: June 2023

This review aims to examine the latest research on online customer experience (OCE), which can be defined as consumer's cognitive, emotional, and behavioral response to interactions between customer and company occurring through digital channels (e.g., websites, social media, mobile apps). To achieve this, we utilized a hybrid review approach that incorporates quantitative bibliometric analysis and qualitative systematic literature review techniques. We identified publication trends, prominent authors and outlets, and the evolution of research themes based on 141 articles published since the last systematic review 11 years ago. Our framework‐based review identified frequently studied antecedents, dimensions, and outcomes of OCE, and identified new themes related to m‐commerce and augmented/virtual reality. We also identified gaps in the current literature and proposed 14 areas of future research using the TCM framework.
Experiences of transition to adulthood and transfer to adult care in young adults with type 1 diabetes: A qualitative study
Authors: Olsson Sara , Otten Julia , Blusi Madeleine , Lundberg Elena , Hörnsten Åsa
Published: June 2023

Aim

To explore young adults' experiences of living with type 1 diabetes in the transition to adulthood, including experiences of the transfer from paediatric to adult care.

Design

A qualitative approach was used.

Method

Ten young adults, six women and four men, aged 19–29 years, participated. Participants were recruited at their regular diabetes clinic from spring 2021 to spring 2022. Semi‐structured interviews were transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Findings

Dreaming of being nurtured towards self‐reliance was the overarching theme. Personal experiences of the transition to adulthood, including the transfer from paediatric to adult care, were described in terms of struggling to find balance in daily life, dealing with feelings of being different, being gradually supported to achieve independence, and wishing to be approached as a unique person in healthcare.

Conclusion

In healthcare, it is important to emphasize not only diabetes‐related factors but also emotional and psychosocial aspects of life connected to the transition to adulthood, including the transfer to adult care. The young adults wished to be seen as unique persons in healthcare during their emerging adulthood and should therefore be supported to achieve self‐reliance through personal preparations for new challenges and for the consequences of transitioning to adulthood. Specialist nurses can provide appropriate knowledge and leadership.

Implications for the Profession

These findings can guide nurse specialists in support for emerging adults to achieve self‐reliance and indicate the importance of person‐centred care when experiencing transition and transfer.

Reporting Method

The study adhered to EQUATOR guidelines, and the COREQ checklist for qualitative studies was used as the reporting method.
The effect of psycho‐education given to mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on mother‐child interaction and family functionality
Authors: Öztürk Fatma Özgün , Ekinci Mine
Published: June 2023

Problem

One of the most prevalent psychiatric conditions in children is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Regular psycho‐education for people with chronic illnesses and their families is beneficial for prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. This study aimed to determine the effect of psycho‐education given to mothers of children with ADHD on mother‐child interaction and family functionality.

Methods

The sample of the study consisted of 98 mothers and children (50 participants for the intervention group and 48 participants for the control group). Mothers in the intervention group were given psycho‐education. Pre and post‐tests were completed by mothers.

Findings

Post‐test mean scores in terms of warmth/affection, hostility/aggression, indifference/neglect, and control subscales of the Parental Acceptance‐Red/Control Scale were statistically significantly lower among the intervention group. Post‐test mean scores in terms of communication, showing interest, and the behavior control subscales of the family assessment device were statistically significantly lower in the intervention group.

Conclusions

For families dealing with a child with ADHD, psychoeducation increased mother‐child interaction and family functioning Therefore, psychoeducation should be widespread in the treatment of ADHD. When ADHD causes problems with mother‐child contact, maternal psychoeducation may be helpful.
Co‐occurrence of heterogeneous Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates within the same Chilean farm and during the same infectious outbreak
Authors: Ilardi Pedro , Valdes Sara , Rivera Javier , Irgang Rute , Avendaño‐Herrera Ruben
Published: June 2023

Flavobacterium psychrophilum is a pathogenic bacterium affecting Chilean salmonid farms. High antigenic and genetic diversity exists among Chilean F. psychrophilum isolates, but the distribution thereof among farms is poorly understood. These epidemiological data are key for developing isolate‐specific vaccines. The present study isolated F. psychrophilum in diseased Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from five freshwater farms between 2018 and 2019. Each farm only raised one salmonid species and was geographically separated from and did not share culturing water with the other farms. Antigenic and genetic analyses were conducted to shed light on the possibility of isolates coexisting within the same farm during outbreaks. A total of 68 Chilean F. psychrophilum isolates were recovered from skin lesions, gills, fins, kidney and spleen of moribund and live fish. Among the 68 Chilean isolates, mPCR‐serotyping indicated three major serotypes (i.e. 23.5% type 0; 47.1% type 2; and 26.5% type 4) and, to a lesser degree, serotype 1 (2.9%). Sixteen antigenic groups were detected by slide agglutination. Genetic characterizations by 16S rRNA alleles identified 71% of the isolates as the virulent genogroup CSF259‐93 allele. A predominant serotype was associated with each farm, with types 0 and 4 related to Atlantic salmon and types 1 and 2 to rainbow trout. Notwithstanding, several antigenic groups coexisted within some farms. Likewise, the experimental intramuscular challenges (n = 20) demonstrated that the type‐2 isolates from rainbow trout were the most pathogenic among isolates recovered from infectious outbreaks in Atlantic salmon, especially as compared to those from types‐0 and ‐4. These results allow us to suggest that prevention measures, specifically vaccines, should be developed according to dominant isolates and with specificity to each farm, that is the use of autogenous or site‐specific vaccines.
Biomarkers for predicting disease course in Sanfilippo syndrome: An urgent unmet need in childhood‐onset dementia
Authors: Winner Leanne K. , Rogers Mary‐Louise , Snel Marten F. , Hemsley Kim M.
Published: June 2023

Sanfilippo syndrome (MPS III) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder causing dementia in children, following an essentially normal early developmental period. First symptoms typically include delayed language development, hyperactivity and/or insomnia from 2 years of age, followed by unremitting and overt loss of previously acquired skills. There are no approved treatments, and the median age of death is 18 years. Treatments under clinical trial demonstrate therapeutic benefit when applied pre‐symptomatically in children diagnosed early through known familial inheritance risk. Newborn screening for Sanfilippo syndrome would enable pre‐symptomatic diagnosis and optimal therapeutic benefit, however, many fold more patients with Sanfilippo syndrome are expected to be identified in the population than present with childhood dementia. Therefore, the capacity to stratify which Sanfilippo infants will need treatment in toddlerhood is necessary. While diagnostic methods have been developed, and continue to be refined, currently there are no tools or laboratory‐based biomarkers available to provide pre‐symptomatic prognosis. There is also a lack of progression and neurocognitive response‐to‐treatment biomarkers; disease stage and rate of progression are currently determined by age at symptom onset, loss of cerebral grey matter volume by magnetic resonance imaging and developmental quotient score for age. Robust blood‐based biomarkers are an urgent unmet need. In this review, we discuss the development of biomarker assays for Sanfilippo based on the neuropathological pathways known to change leading into symptom onset and progression, and their performance as biomarkers in other neurodegenerative diseases. We propose that neural‐derived exosomes extracted from blood may provide an ideal liquid biopsy to detect reductions in synaptic protein availability, and mitochondrial function. Furthermore, given the prominent role of neuroinflammation in symptom expression, glial fibrillary acidic protein detection in plasma/serum, alongside measurement of active brain atrophy by neurofilament light chain, warrant increased investigation for prognostic, progression and neurocognitive response‐to‐treatment biomarker potential in Sanfilippo syndrome and potentially other childhood dementias.

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Effect of vitamin D supplementation on hormones and menstrual cycle regularization in polycystic ovary syndrome women: A systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Han Yixian , Cao Qi , Qiao Xinyu , Huang Wei
Published: June 2023

Aim

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disease among women of childbearing age. Women with PCOS frequently experience reproductive complications, which are closely associated with the concentration of vitamin D. This systemic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to elucidate the possible effect of vitamin D supplementation in PCOS women on hormones, including Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), the ratio of LH and FSH (LH/FSH), and the menstrual cycle regularization.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE for the relevant articles published up to January 2022. The pooled estimates were calculated using RevMan 5.4 software.

Results

Twelve studies involving 849 PCOS patients were included. Our study indicated that vitamin D supplementation could reduce serum LH (standard mean difference [SMD]: −0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.54, −0.28; p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis identified that the supplementation of vitamin D ≤4000 IU/day (SMD: −0.69; 95% CI: −1.15, −0.23; p < 0.01), treatment time ≤8 weeks (SMD: −0.61; 95% CI: −0.95, −0.26; p < 0.01), and vitamin D co‐supplementation (SMD: −0.37; 95% CI: −0.65, −0.10; p < 0.01) were related to reduce serum LH level. In addition, vitamin D supplementation improved the regularity of menstrual cycle significantly (risk ratio [RR]: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.54; p < 0.01). In stratified analysis, the significant effects only existed in dosage of vitamin D >4000 IU (RR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.57; p < 0.01), treatment time >8 weeks (RR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.87; p = 0.02) and vitamin D co‐supplementation (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.35; p = 0.02). However, vitamin D might have no effects on serum FSH (SMD: −0.05; 95% CI: −0.42, 0.32; p = 0.79) and LH/FSH (SMD: −0.24; 95% CI: −0.55, 0.08; p = 0.14) in PCOS patients.

Conclusions

Evidence from the existing randomized controlled trials indicated that vitamin D supplementation might improve the LH level and the menstrual cycle regularization but did not have any effect on FSH and LH/FSH levels in PCOS patients.
Sampling variables and their thresholds for the precise estimation of wild felid population density with camera traps and spatial capture–recapture methods
Authors: Palmero Stefano , Premier Joe , Kramer‐Schadt Stephanie , Monterroso Pedro , Heurich Marco
Published: June 2023

Robust monitoring, providing information on population status, is fundamental for successful conservation planning. However, this can be hard to achieve for species that are elusive and occur at low densities, such as felids. These are often keystones of functioning ecosystems and are threatened by habitat loss and human persecution.

When elusive species can be individually identified by visible characteristics, for example via camera‐trapping, observations of individuals can be used in combination with capture–recapture methods to calculate demographic parameters such as population density. In this context, spatial capture–recapture (SCR) outperforms conventional non‐spatial methods, but the precision of results is inherently related to the sampling design, which should therefore be optimised.

We focussed on territorial felids in different habitats and investigated how the sampling designs implemented in the field affected the precision of population density estimates. We examined 137 studies that combined camera‐trapping and SCR methods for density estimation. From these, we collected spatiotemporal parameters of their sampling designs, monitoring results, such as the number of individuals captured and the number of recaptures, as well as SCR detection parameters. We applied generalised linear mixed‐effects models and tree‐based regression methods to investigate the influence of variables on the precision of population density estimates and provide numerical thresholds.

Our analysis shows that the number of individuals, recapture frequency, and capture probability play the most crucial roles. Surveys yielding over 20 captured individuals that were recaptured on average at least once obtain the most precise population density estimates.

Based on our findings, we provide practical guidelines for future SCR studies that apply to all territorial felids. Furthermore, we present a standardised reporting protocol for study transparency and comparability. Our results will improve reporting and reproducibility of SCR studies and aid in setting up optimised sampling designs.
Maternal COVID vaccination and breastfeeding during a pandemic: Habitus and health behavior decision making
Authors: Weston Karry , Bullock Linda , Hsu Albert L. , Wan XiuFeng (Henry) , Burnam‐Cole Megan , Everett Kevin D. , McElroy Jane A.
Published: June 2023

Objective

To examine the influence of habitus on women's health behavior regarding breastfeeding and subsequent COVID‐19 vaccination.

Design

A qualitative descriptive design, guided by Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus.

Sample

Eighteen women who were postpartum, breastfeeding, and vaccinated against COVID‐ 19 either during pregnancy or while breastfeeding postpartum.

Measures

Individual semi‐structured interviews.

Results

Two major themes shaped participants’ habitus: health‐focused knowledge, and attitudes and beliefs. Attitudes and beliefs included five subthemes: (1) exposure/acceptance/expectations from family, (2) community acceptance of breastfeeding and COVID‐19 vaccination, (3) socioeconomic status, (4) easily accessed support, and (5) outside experiences and exposure.

Discussion

An individual's habitus impacts one's knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs and interacts with past behaviors when discussing options for infant feeding and health promoting behaviors such as vaccinations. A better understanding of how health care providers assess and utilize habitus in clinical management is needed.
Questionnaire survey of satisfaction with medication for five symptom domains of dementia with Lewy bodies among patients, their caregivers, and their attending physicians
Authors: Toya Shunji , Manabe Yuta , Hashimoto Mamoru , Yamakage Hajime , Ikeda Manabu
Published: June 2023

Background

The real‐world status of satisfaction with medication for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has not been elucidated. We assessed the satisfaction of patients with DLB, their caregivers, and their attending physicians (trios) with medication according to the clinical symptom domains of DLB.

Methods

This was a subanalysis of a cross‐sectional, questionnaire‐based, survey study of trios. The subanalysis set comprised analysis populations for cognitive impairment, parkinsonism, psychiatric symptoms, sleep‐related disorders, and autonomic dysfunction (orthostatic hypotension, constipation, and dysuria). These analysis populations included trios of patients who had any symptom domain and took medication for each symptom domain, and for which all trio data on satisfaction with medication for the symptom domain were available. The degrees of satisfaction with medication were classified as ‘satisfied’, ‘neutral’, or ‘dissatisfied’.

Results

The analysis set for this study included 110 trios for cognitive impairment, 62 for parkinsonism, 47 for psychiatric symptoms, 29 for sleep‐related disorders, none for orthostatic hypotension, 11 for constipation, and seven for dysuria. There were no statistically significant differences in the degree of satisfaction with medication for symptom domains other than parkinsonism and dysuria between patients–caregivers, patients–physicians, and caregivers–physicians. Regarding satisfaction with medication for parkinsonism, significantly more physicians than patients answered ‘satisfied’ (75.8% vs. 51.6%), and significantly more patients than physicians answered ‘neutral’ (35.5% vs. 14.5%) (P = 0.013). Regarding satisfaction with medication for dysuria, significantly more caregivers than physicians answered ‘satisfied’ (100% vs. 28.6%, P = 0.038).

Conclusions

Satisfaction with medication for symptom domains other than parkinsonism and dysuria was similar among trios. Our results suggest that physicians should pay more attention to patients' satisfaction with medication for parkinsonism, and to caregivers' satisfaction with medication for dysuria to help prevent undermedication.
Manure application followed by biochar application increases plant production regardless of soil dehydrogenase activity
Authors: Dvořáčková H. , Dvořáček J.
Published: June 2023

Biochar is obtained by the pyrolysis of biomass, and contains abundant carbon and minerals. Biochar supplementation of soils can greatly improve soil health and quality, but these beneficial effects typically develop slowly over time. Depending on the quality of the biochar and the soil to which it is applied, it may take years before positive effects are apparent. This is because organic substances are slowly sorbed onto the biochar over time, and the biochar eventually becomes part of the sorption complex of the soil. It is therefore advisable to apply biochar together with some organic material. We examined the effect of co‐application of different doses of biochar with manure on soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA), soil oxidizable carbon (COX), cumulative soil respiration, soil buffering capacity, the soil exchange reaction (pH/KCl) and the production yield of winter rape seeds. We also determined seed production when artificial granular fertilizers were added to biochar and manure. The results showed that the application of biochar and manure significantly increased grain yield, DHA, the soil exchange reaction and cumulative respiration. Thus, application of biochar with organic material can increase seed yield and some properties of agricultural soils. However, the positive effect of biochar on seed yield was not directly proportional to biochar dose, in that the seed yield was lower for a biochar dose of 45 t/ha than 30 t/ha.
Predictable time preservation on passive continental margins revealed from forward stratigraphic models
Authors: Baumgardner Sarah E. , Madof Andrew S. , Harris Ashley D. , Kahn Alicia C. M.
Published: June 2023

Although the majority of the world's sedimentary basins are located along passive continental margins, the link between their stratigraphy and time architecture has not been fully investigated in three dimensions. Here, using a 3D numerical forward stratigraphic model, we report a previously unidentified trend: an increase in temporal completeness from the shelf to the upper slope and a reduction towards the basin floor. Sedimentation rates from our results are consistent with those measured from a global dataset; our results are also consistent with a chronostratigraphically well‐constrained subsurface example: the Eocene of the Santos Basin, offshore Brazil. Because our results reproduce both globally and locally observed time‐preservation trends, we suggest the use of such models to inform time architecture in the context of surface and subsurface accumulations. Applying these concepts will not only provide a spatiotemporal framework for passive‐margin settings but will provide a more complete understanding of the inherently incomplete geological record.
DEVELOPMENT OF A STRETCHABLE CONDUCTIVE SENSOR FOR FLEXIBLE DEFORMATION: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Mohd Mustapha Nurul Hasyimah , Muhammad Razif Muhammad Rusydi , Nasir Siti Hana , Mohd Nordin Ili Najaa Aimi
Published: June 2023

This research presents preliminary characterization studies for a stretchable conductive sensor. It was developed specifically to detect strain changes that occur including flex changes. Some issues in conventional strain measurement are found to be less suitable due to the inaccuracy to measure the strain for an elongation using a flexible curve ruler, especially strain related to angle changes. Therefore, a study on the development of a stretchable conductive sensor is required. This initial study will focus on characterizing the suitability of fabric materials and thread patterns to develop a sensor that will be used to measure stretch more accurately. In this study, conductive yarns were constructed with two types of stretchable fabrics having different percentages of spandex elements. The thread will be sewn to the side of the fabric in two of the fabric states, namely course (horizontal) and wales (vertical). For both conditions, five (5) similar samples were sewn for 8% and 15% spandex fabric. Preliminary results found that the best sensor performance was a fabric containing 15% spandex material with conductive threads sewn along the horizontal orientation of the fabric. In a study on resistance varying with the tension applied to the sensor, model D showed the best performance when stretched up to a force of 4 N. The resistance shown by the sensor varies from 47MΩ to 66MΩ relative to the applied force from 0 N to 4 N. The results of this preliminary study are expected to be used in widespread measurement applications.
Multiplicative functions in short arithmetic progressions
Authors: Klurman Oleksiy , Mangerel Alexander P. , Teräväinen Joni
Published: June 2023

We study for bounded multiplicative functions sums of the form
establishing that their variance over residue classes is small as soon as , for almost all moduli , with a nearly power‐saving exceptional set of . This improves and generalizes previous results of Hooley on Barban–Davenport–Halberstam type theorems for such , and moreover our exceptional set is essentially optimal unless one is able to make progress on certain well‐known conjectures. We are nevertheless able to prove stronger bounds for the number of the exceptional moduli in the cases where is restricted to be either smooth or prime, and conditionally on GRH we show that our variance estimate is valid for every . These results are special cases of a “hybrid result” that we establish that works for sums of over almost all short intervals and arithmetic progressions simultaneously, thus generalizing the Matomäki–Radziwiłł theorem on multiplicative functions in short intervals. We also consider the maximal deviation of over all residue classes in the square root range , and show that it is small for “smooth‐supported” , again apart from a nearly power‐saving set of exceptional , thus providing a smaller exceptional set than what follows from Bombieri–Vinogradov type theorems. As an application of our methods, we consider Linnik‐type problems for products of exactly three primes, and in particular prove a ternary approximation to a conjecture of Erdős on representing every element of the multiplicative group as the product of two primes less than .
Create of a Conceptual Framework for the Use of an Agent-Based Modeling in Urban Studies with an Emphasis on the Walkable City
Authors: Zamanipoor Masoud , Rahnama Mohammad Rahim , Shokoui Mohammad Ajza
Published: June 2023

Agent-based modeling by a bottom-up approach has shown that it has enough capacity to provide a natural definition for urban complicated system. During the last two decades, numerous studies have been dedicated to investigate the influence of urban policies on people’s tendency to walk using an agent-based approach. Therefore, it is considered to be the right time to meta-synthesize experiences and aggregating data into a unit in order to create a comprehensive framework for these studies. With this in mind, in this study, we aim to meta-synthesize these experiences to create a comprehensive framework in order to use agent-based modeling to investigate the influence of urban design and planning policies on people's tendency to walk. This study revealed that “basic model”, “disruptor” and “operation” made up the crucial elements of framework.
Comprehensive Aerothermal Investigation of Turbine Blade Multicavity Squealer Tip Using a Novel Methodology With Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Huang Ming , Zhang Kaiyuan , Li Zhigang , Li Jun
Published: June 2023

Ascertaining the uncertainty in the aerothermal performance of blade tips is crucial, as it represents the most delicate component of modern gas turbines. In this research article, a novel and efficient approach is proposed for quantifying uncertainties in aerothermal performance using a combination of universal kriging, polynomial chaos expansions, and Smolyak sparse grid technology. This method was applied to investigate the aerothermal performance of a high-pressure gas turbine rotor blade tip with high-dimensional robustness. The outcomes of the uncertainty quantification calculation reveal that the downstream total pressure loss coefficient and leakage flowrate increase under normal-speed (subsonic) and high-speed (transonic) conditions. The key uncertainty input that affects the aerodynamic performance of normal-speed and high-speed squealer tip is inlet total pressure fluctuation, with a variance index on the leakage flowrate of normal-speed and high-speed squealer tip of up to 73.92 and 83.85%, respectively. The study suggests that it is more important to control the operating conditions fluctuation than the cavity depth machining accuracy for aerodynamic performance robustness, which applies to both normal-speed and high-speed squealer tips. In line with the aerodynamic performance, the heat flux of normal-speed and high-speed squealer tip increases during operation. Notably, the sensitivity of high-speed squealer tip aerodynamic performance to operating condition fluctuations increases compared to the normal-speed squealer tip, necessitating active intervention for fluctuations in operating conditions at a higher cost for the high-speed squealer tip. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that the inlet total temperature fluctuation is the key parameter that controls the normal-speed and high-speed squealer tip heat flux uncertainty. Finally, it is worth noting that while the use of ribs can effectively enhance the robustness of blade tip heat transfer performance, the heat flux near the root of the ribs fluctuates significantly, which may further increase the thermal fatigue tendency in this region during actual operation.
Diagnosing metatarsal chip fractures with ultrasound: faster and better
Authors: Chen Yu-Hsuan , Wu Chueh-Hung , Özçakar Levent
Published: June 2023

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Generalized performance optimization for massively-parallel electron-beam systems
Authors: Lee Soo-Young , Hasan Md Nabid
Published: June 2023

The massively-parallel e-beam system (MPES) provides a large number of programmable beams of which the optimal use is critical to maximizing the efficiency of the system. In our previous study of proximity effect correction (PEC) under the constraints of the MPES, the critical dimension error and the line edge roughness were minimized by reducing the feature area to be exposed and varying the dose spatially. In another study, a method to reduce the exposing time while still ensuring a near-optimal PEC result was developed. In this method, the maximum dose difference between two regions of a feature was carefully decreased after first obtaining the optimal linewidth reduction and the spatial dose distribution for the PEC. However, this method designed with an emphasis on the PEC and simplicity may miss the optimal result due to the fixed order of performance metrics considered and was developed for a single feature. To address these limitations, an adaptive optimization method that can handle any combination of performance metrics in a cost function is proposed. It allows for more flexible optimization and can achieve better results than the old method. Additionally, the optimization method is extended for large-scale patterns with uniform features, such as line-space patterns. Also, an effective way to handle the recursive effect among critical locations in a large-scale pattern is described. The simulation results show that the proposed optimization method outperforms the old method in terms of the cost function and linewidth uniformity among the features.
Analysis of landing noise from Airbus A321neo using long term noise measurements and flight recorder data
Authors: Johansson Anders , Bolin Karl
Published: June 2023

This article analyzes aircraft noise measurements from the Airbus A321neo at 7.5 and 5 nautical miles from the runway threshold. Using correlation, analysis of variance, and hierarchical regression analysis, we assessed the influence of flight data recorder variables and meteorological parameters on the measured sound level variations. A combination of aircraft speed and configuration of the high lift devices can predict approximately 60% of the sound level variations. Sound level dependence on speed ranges between 0.5 and 1.5 dB/10 kn for different configurations and landing gear deployment had a +3 dB impact on sound levels. At the same time, weather and wind conditions accounted for a relatively small proportion of the variation. Overall, this study sheds light on the factors contributing to aircraft noise during the final approach and provides insights into potential noise reduction strategies.
Girls With Game: Sport and Community Development Strategies
Authors: Buenaño Andrea L. , Warner Stacy
Published: June 2023

This case focuses on the Little League Softball World Series and the potential interest and growth of youth softball. The case outlines current trends and highlights potential opportunities to grow the game after a 2020 decision to move the Little League Softball World Series from Portland, Oregon, where it had been hosted for over 25 years, to Greenville, North Carolina. This case challenges students to (a) examine how sports organizations must be intentional about growing a sport, (b) develop new solutions to involve the local community, and (c) find new and effective ways to promote a girls’ sport (and an international event at the local level) in a manner that advances women in sport. It is intended for use in strategic management, event management, and/or contemporary sport issue courses. The case provides instructors with the opportunity to highlight the importance of advancing diversity in youth sport, with an emphasis on community impact, and effective strategies to promote women in sport.
Optogenetic-induced muscle loading leads to mechanical adaptation of the Achilles tendon enthesis in mice
Authors: Ganji Elahe , Lamia Syeda N. , Stepanovich Matthew , Whyte Noelle , Goulet Robert W. , Abraham Adam C. , Killian Megan L.
Published: June 2023

Skeletal shape depends on the transmission of contractile muscle forces from tendon to bone across the enthesis. Loss of muscle loading impairs enthesis development, yet little is known if and how the postnatal enthesis adapts to increased loading. Here, we studied adaptations in enthesis structure and function in response to increased loading, using optogenetically induced muscle contraction in young (i.e., growth) and adult (i.e., mature) mice. Daily bouts of unilateral optogenetic loading in young mice led to radial calcaneal expansion and warping. This also led to a weaker enthesis with increased collagen damage in young tendon and enthisis, with little change in adult mice. We then used RNA sequencing to identify the pathways associated with increased mechanical loading during growth. In tendon, we found enrichment of glycolysis, focal adhesion, and cell-matrix interactions. In bone, we found enrichment of inflammation and cell cycle. Together, we demonstrate the utility of optogenetic-induced muscle contraction to elicit in vivo adaptation of the enthesis.
Type III Secretion in Chlamydia
Authors: Rucks Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2023

Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are utilized by Gram-negative pathogens to enhance their pathogenesis. This secretion system is associated with the delivery of effectors through a needle-like structure from the bacterial cytosol directly into a target eukaryotic cell.
Profiling of the Klebsiella pneumoniae Phosphoproteome under Iron-Limited and Iron-Replete Conditions
Authors: Reitzel Chelsea , Sukumaran Arjun , Muselius Benjamin , O’Connor Siobhan , Geddes-McAlister Jennifer
Published: June 2023

Klebsiella pneumoniae
was compared across iron-limited and iron-replete conditions to assess changes within the phosphoproteome using quantitative mass spectrometry. These comparative proteomic data provide insights into cellular responses to nutrient limitation and how nutrient requirements may be exploited to provide potential antimicrobial targets.
Redefining pleiotropic drug resistance in a pathogenic yeast: Pdr1 functions as a sensor of cellular stresses in
Candida glabrata
Authors: Gale Andrew N. , Pavesic Matthew W. , Nickels Timothy J. , Xu Zhuwei , Cormack Brendan P. , Cunningham Kyle W.
Published: June 2023

Candida glabrata
is a prominent opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans. The increasing incidence of
C. glabrata
infections is attributed to both innate and acquired resistance to antifungals. Previous studies suggest the transcription factor Pdr1 and several target genes encoding ABC transporters are critical elements of pleiotropic defense against azoles and other antifungals. This study utilizes
Hermes
transposon insertion profiling to investigate Pdr1-independent and Pdr1-dependent mechanisms that alter susceptibility to the frontline antifungal fluconazole. Several new genes were found to alter fluconazole susceptibility independent of Pdr1 (
CYB5
,
SSK1
,
SSK2
,
HOG1
,
TRP1
). A bZIP transcription repressor of mitochondrial function (
CIN5
) positively regulated Pdr1 while hundreds of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins were confirmed as negative regulators of Pdr1. The antibiotic oligomycin activated Pdr1 and antagonized fluconazole efficacy likely by interfering with mitochondrial processes in
C. glabrata
. Unexpectedly, disruption of many 60S ribosomal proteins also activated Pdr1, thus mimicking the effects of the mRNA translation inhibitors. Cycloheximide failed to fully activate Pdr1 in a cycloheximide-resistant Rpl28-Q38E mutant. Similarly, fluconazole failed to fully activate Pdr1 in a strain expressing a low-affinity variant of Erg11. Fluconazole activated Pdr1 with very slow kinetics that correlated with the delayed onset of cellular stress. These findings are inconsistent with the idea that Pdr1 directly senses xenobiotics and support an alternative hypothesis where Pdr1 senses cellular stresses that arise only after engagement of xenobiotics with their targets.

IMPORTANCE

Candida glabrata
is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast that causes discomfort and death. Its incidence has been increasing because of natural defenses to our common antifungal medications. This study explores the entire genome for impacts on resistance to fluconazole. We find several new and unexpected genes can impact susceptibility to fluconazole. Several antibiotics can also alter the efficacy of fluconazole. Most importantly, we find that Pdr1—a key determinant of fluconazole resistance—is not regulated directly through binding of fluconazole and instead is regulated indirectly by sensing the cellular stresses caused by fluconazole blockage of sterol biosynthesis. This new understanding of drug resistance mechanisms could improve the outcomes of current antifungals and accelerate the development of novel therapeutics.