bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRANSFORMAÇÕES VITAIS DE PONTOS DE CULTURA NO ORGANISMO DO PAÍS
Authors: Pardo Ana Lúcia
Published: May 2018

De que forma a cultura pode ser usada para manter as relações de dominação? E, ao mesmo tempo, em que contribui para o pensamento crítico e uma possível quebra de hegemonia, ruptura ou forma de resistência a essas relações dominantes? Que alternativas de ações são desenvolvidas pelo Ponto de Cultura de forma a despertar através da cultura a consciência crítica e uma transformação na realidade? Essas são questões centrais da pesquisa que tem como objeto o Ponto de Cultura, principal ação do Programa Cultura Viva implementado pelo Ministério da Cultura. O estudo teórico das categorias: cultura, alienação e hegemonia, fundamentado em diversos autores e a análise dialética foram realizadas a partir do trabalho de campo realizado com três Pontos de Cultura do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: Centro de Educação Lúdica da Rocinha, Centro de Teatro do Oprimido e o Quilombo Campinho da Independência, localizado no Município de Paraty.

Palavras-chaves: Cultura, alienação, contra-hegemonia, política pública, autonomia.
Pontos de Cultura: políticas públicas e a produção de uma subjetividade mais autônoma
Authors: Junqueira Flávia
Published: May 2018

Partindo da ideia de que as políticas culturais limitam a noção de cultura, defendida por Félix Guattari, pretendemos pensar de que forma um programa de política cultural brasileiro – os Pontos de Cultura, por meio do Programa Cultura Viva – pode ser, a longo prazo, um passo para uma cultura mais autônoma, capaz de subverter a produção de subjetividade capitalística. Este trabalho não tem como objetivo defender ações de um governo específico, mas sim, lançar luz nos possíveis caminhos de autonomia que as políticas públicas deveriam seguir.
Políticas culturales y legitimidad política en tiempos de crisis: el caso del Programa Puntos de Cultura en Argentina
Authors: Wortman Ana
Published: May 2018

RESUMEN
Hace más de dos décadas que América Latina está atravesada por ideas trasnacionales en torno a la reformulación de las políticas culturales en términos de cultura y desarrollo. Entre los autores latinoamericanos que han escrito desde esta perspectiva podemos citar a Néstor García Canclini, George Yudice, Gustavo Lins Ribeiro, Daniel Mato, Arturo Escobar. A partir de este nuevo cruce se han puesto en crisis visiones anteriores centradas exclusivamente, en la democratización de las artes y la conservación del patrimonio. En ese sentido, la cultura asume una dirección más amplia y renovada. Así, la idea de cultura como recurso del desarrollo es clave en las nuevas formulaciones. Este vínculo ha presupuesto una concepción de políticas culturales asociadas a la inclusión y la democracia cultural, así como también promueve vínculos con el crecimiento económico. En un contexto de fuertes desequilibrios se percibe que desde emprendimientos culturales de diverso orden, sectores sociales más vulnerables a las políticas de liberalización económica de los años noventa, se ha pretendido regenerar un lazo social y nuevas formas de inserción social con una perspectiva que incluye una dimensión simbólica. En relación a esta problemática, nos interesa abordar el campo de las políticas culturales latinoamericanas en sus vínculos con el desarrollo centrándonos en algunos aspectos del programa -Puntos de Cultura-Cultura Viva en Argentina) y el contexto en el que surge otorgándole un peculiar sentido a la relación cultura y desarrollo
Política cultural ¿Solo una cuestión del Estado?
Authors: Rivero Baxter Yisel , Barthelemy Panizo Liliam
Published: May 2018

La visión del papel que están jugando los consumidores como hacedores también de política cultu-ral, en un contexto desfavorecido tecnológicamente, como constituye el caso cubano, ha resultado un proceso en el que uno de los logros es apropiarse en cierto sentido de las competencias necesarias tanto para hacer un consumo crítico y creativo de bienes y servicios culturales informales, como para configurar sus propios pro-ductos culturales. En todo este proceso se evidencia una innovación en la población, que ha sido poco considerado en nuestra investigación social. El ensayo propone iniciar el camino hacia ese mundo creativo inexplorado.
A cultura como crise
Authors: Sodré Muniz
Published: May 2018

Palestra proferida na abertura do XIII Encontro de Estudos Multidisciplinares em Cultura – ENECULT, realizado pelo Centro de Estudos Multidisciplinares em Cultura da Universidade Federal da Bahia (CULT-UFBA), no dia 12 de setembro de 2017, em Salvador, Bahia.
Texas Banned Abortion in 2022—Here’s How It’s Affecting OB-GYNs and Patient Care
Authors: Rubin Rita
Published: November 2024

This Medical News article discusses the impact of the Texas abortion ban on obstetrician-gynecologists and their patients in the state and beyond.
Change of Ownership and Quality of Home Health Agency Care
Authors: Zhang Zhanji , Li Kun , Wang Siyi , Fashaw-Walters Shekinah , Hou Yucheng
Published: November 2024

Importance

The home health agency (HHA) market has seen increasingly more change in ownership transactions. Little is known about the organizational characteristics and quality of care of HHAs after ownership has changed.

Objective

To examine whether an HHA change in ownership was associated with different quality-of-care outcomes, patient volume, and staffing levels.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Using current HHA change of ownership files linked to publicly available Medicare HHA data, this staggered difference-in-differences analysis evaluated ownership change transactions of Medicare-certified HHAs from quarter 1 of 2016 to quarter 4 of 2019. Pretransaction and posttransaction HHA characteristics and quality-of-care outcomes were compared between HHAs that changed ownership and up to 8 matched controls. The transactions in the main analysis included (1) when an HHA remained as for-profit with a change in ownership and (2) when an HHA changed from nonprofit/public to for-profit ownership. The data were analyzed between November 2023 and September 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes were HHA-quarter measures of star ratings, the individual quality measures that compose the star ratings based on the Outcome and Assessment Information Set, and claims-based quality metrics, such as hospitalizations and emergency department visits. The secondary outcomes included HHA year measures of Medicare patient volume, per capita payments, and staffing levels (full-time equivalents and minutes per visit).

Results

The main dataset included 294 Medicare-certified HHAs that changed ownership, matched with 2330 controls. In 3 years after an ownership change, quarterly star ratings increased by 0.18 (95% CI, 0.05-0.31) relative to matched controls, with greater increases among HHAs that converted from nonprofit/public to for-profit. No significant improvement was observed in the 60-day rates of hospital admissions or outpatient emergency department visits. Further, no significant changes were observed in the number of Medicare beneficiaries, but per capita payments increased within 2 years post–ownership change. Significant reductions were observed in full-time equivalents of registered nurses (−17% [95% CI, −31% to −3%]) and home health aides (−26% [95% CI, −39% to −13%]), as well as per-visit minutes for skilled nursing care (−5% [95% CI, −9% to −1%]), physical therapy (−3% [95% CI, −5% to 0%]), and home health aide care (−11% [95% CI, −15% to −6%]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this difference-in-differences analysis of Medicare-certified HHAs, ownership change was associated with higher star ratings and Medicare per capita payments, but not with claims-based quality measures. Reduction in staffing levels after ownership change raises concerns about implications for quality of care.
State and National Estimates of the Cost of Emergency Department Pediatric Readiness and Lives Saved
Authors: Newgard Craig D. , Lin Amber , Goldhaber-Fiebert Jeremy D. , Remick Katherine E. , Gausche-Hill Marianne , Burd Randall S. , Malveau Susan , Cook Jennifer N. B. , Jenkins Peter C. , Ames Stefanie G. , Mann N. Clay , Glass Nina E. , Hewes Hilary A. , Fallat Mary , Salvi Apoorva , Carr Brendan G. , McConnell K. John , Stephens Caroline Q. , Ford Rachel , Auerbach Marc A. , Babcock Sean , Kuppermann Nathan
Published: November 2024

Importance

High emergency department (ED) pediatric readiness is associated with improved survival among children receiving emergency care, but state and national costs to reach high ED readiness and the resulting number of lives that may be saved are unknown.

Objective

To estimate the state and national annual costs of raising all EDs to high pediatric readiness and the resulting number of pediatric lives that may be saved each year.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used data from EDs in 50 US states and the District of Columbia from 2012 through 2022. Eligible children were ages 0 to 17 years receiving emergency services in US EDs and requiring admission, transfer to another hospital for admission, or dying in the ED (collectively termed at-risk children). Data were analyzed from October 2023 to May 2024.

Exposure

EDs considered to have high readiness, with a weighted pediatric readiness score of 88 or above (range 0 to 100, with higher numbers representing higher readiness).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Annual hospital expenditures to reach high ED readiness from current levels and the resulting number of pediatric lives that may be saved through universal high ED readiness.

Results

A total 842 of 4840 EDs (17.4%; range, 2.9% to 100% by state) had high pediatric readiness. The annual US cost for all EDs to reach high pediatric readiness from current levels was $207 335 302 (95% CI, $188 401 692-$226 268 912), ranging from $0 to $11.84 per child by state. Of the 7619 child deaths occurring annually after presentation, 2143 (28.1%; 95% CI, 678-3608) were preventable through universal high ED pediatric readiness, with population-adjusted state estimates ranging from 0 to 69 pediatric lives per year.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, raising all EDs to high pediatric readiness was estimated to prevent more than one-quarter of deaths among children receiving emergency services, with modest financial investment. State and national policies that raise ED pediatric readiness may save thousands of children’s lives each year.
Meal Timing and Anthropometric and Metabolic Outcomes
Authors: Liu Hiu Yee , Eso Ashley A. , Cook Nathan , O’Neill Hayley M. , Albarqouni Loai
Published: November 2024

Importance

Meal timing strategies, such as time-restricted eating (TRE), reducing meal frequency, or altering calorie distribution across the day, have gained interest for their potential to enhance weight loss and metabolic health, particularly in managing chronic diseases, yet their long-term benefits are not known.

Objective

To evaluate the association between meal timing strategies (≥12 weeks) and anthropometric and metabolic indicators.

Data Sources

Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from inception to October 17, 2023.

Study Selection

Randomized clinical trials, regardless of language and publication date, involving adults 18 years and older, evaluating within-day meal timing patterns for 12 or more weeks, and reporting anthropometric measures were included. Studies were excluded if participants had eating disorders, prior significant weight change, underwent bariatric surgery, were pregnant, or if controlled variables differed between groups.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Study quality was determined via Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Data were extracted independently by multiple reviewers. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines were used. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects model on pooled continuous outcomes with 2 or more studies.

Main Outcome and Measures

Weight change in kilograms, reported as between-group mean difference with 95% CIs.

Results

Sixty-nine reports of 29 randomized clinical trials including 2485 individuals (1703 [69%] female; mean [SD] age, 44 [9.5] years; and mean [SD] body mass index, 33 [3.5]) were included. Study interventions included TRE (17 studies), meal frequency (8 studies), and calorie distribution (4 studies). There were some concerns of risk of bias for 7 studies and high concerns for 22 studies. Statistically significant weight change was observed in TRE when compared with control (–1.37 kg; 95% CI, –1.99 to –0.75 kg). Lower meal frequency and earlier caloric distribution were also both associated with greater change (–1.85 kg; 95% CI, –3.55 to –0.13 kg; and –1.75 kg; 95% CI, –2.37 to –1.13 kg, respectively).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that TRE, lower meal frequency, and earlier caloric distribution in the day may reduce weight compared with standard care and/or nutritional advice; however, the effect sizes found were small and of uncertain clinical importance. High heterogeneity and risk of bias among included studies led to concerns about the certainty of the underpinning evidence. Further research, including trials with larger sample sizes, standardized interventions with prescribed or matched energy intake, and longer follow-up, are needed.
Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Cho Jun Hwan , Shin Seung Yong , Kim Hoseob , Kim Mina , Byeon Kyeongmin , Jung Moonki , Kang Ki-Woon , Lee Wang-Soo , Kim Sang-Wook , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: November 2024

Importance

The association between smoking cessation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in relation to cumulative smoking exposure remains poorly understood.

Objective

To evaluate the associations among smoking cessation, lifetime smoking burden, and CVD risk according to the number of years elapsed after smoking cessation.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study of the Korean National Health Insurance Service database investigated smoking duration and intensity between January 2006 and December 2008. Participants were categorized by self-reported smoking habits as current, ex-, or never-smokers. Smoking records were updated every 2 years until December 2019, with participants whose smoking status changed or whose smoking status was unclear excluded. Data analysis was performed between June and December 2022.

Exposures

Time-updated self-reported smoking status, years since quitting, and cumulative smoking amount (pack-years [PY]).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was incidence and hazard ratio of CVD (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure).

Results

Overall, 5 391 231 participants (39.9% male; mean [SD] age, 45.8 [14.7] years; 853 756 [15.8%] current smokers, 104 604 [1.9%] ex-smokers, and 4 432 871 [82.2%] never smokers) were followed up for a mean (SD) of 4.2 (4.4) years. The median (IQR) baseline cumulative smoking amounts were 14.0 (7.5-20.0) PY in current smokers and 10.5 (5.3-20.0) PY in ex-smokers. The median (IQR) duration of smoking cessation was 4 (2-8) years for ex-smokers. Regardless of continued smoking, a dose-dependent association was evident between smoking and incident CVD. Compared with current smokers, ex-smokers with a lifetime smoking burden of less than 8 PY (light ex-smokers) experienced a significant reduction in CVD risk within 10 years of cessation, with a CVD risk similar to that of never-smokers. Conversely, ex-smokers with at least 8 PY (heavy ex-smokers) exhibited a slower decline in CVD risk than light ex-smokers, requiring more than 25 years for the residual CVD risk to disappear.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, smoking and CVD risk exhibited a dose-dependent association, with light ex-smokers having a CVD risk similar to that of never-smokers relatively soon after smoking cessation. For heavy ex-smokers, greater than 25 years might be required for the residual CVD risk to align with that of never-smokers.
US English, Variation in
Authors: Wolfram Walt
Published: November 2024

Variation in the English of North America has been robust since its introduction by the initial settlers from the British Isles. The earliest dialect regions were centered in the first settlements such as Jamestown, Eastern New England, Philadelphia, Charleston, and New Orleans. Since these early dialect centers, migration and language contact have extended dialect regions in a westward trajectory. Further, the current development of major vowel shifts that include the Northern Cities Vowel Shift, The Southern Shift, and newer trajectories on the West Coast such as the Northern California Vowel Shift, now demark major regions of American English. The advent of sociolinguistics in the 1960s has progressively complicated the nature of describing diversity by including variables such as ethnicity, gender, style, communities of practice, age, and social networks, as well as well as socio‐psychological factors such as identity and agency.
Multilingualism and World Englishes
Authors: Botha Werner , Bolton Kingsley
Published: November 2024

This entry provides an overview of multilingualism and world Englishes. The entry begins with a description of the multilingual context by discussing multilingualism as a global phenomenon and consider various language hierarchies. The entry then proceeds to a discussion of code‐switching/mixing, domains of use and multilingual repertoires, which is followed by a review of research on multilingualism from a world Englishes perspective. The entry then presents data from a case study investigating the linguistic networks of a polyglot multilingual South African student, which serve to illustrate many of the points made in the entry.
Progressive myoclonic ataxia as an initial symptom of typical type I sialidosis with NEU1 mutation
Authors: Lin Jingjing , Li Yun‐Lu , Chen Bo‐Li , Su Hui‐Zhen , Zeng Yi‐Heng , Zeng Rui‐Huang , Zhang Yu‐Duo , Chen Ru‐Kai , Cai Nai‐Qing , Chen Yi‐Kun , Yuan Ru‐Ying , Jiang Jun‐Yi , Yao Xiang‐Ping , Wang Ning , Chen Wan‐Jin , Yang Kang
Published: November 2024

Objective

Expand genetic screening for atypical Type I sialidosis (ST‐1) could address its underdiagnosed in both progressive myoclonic ataxia (PMA) and ataxia patients. To evaluate the potential founder effect of mutation in the population.

Methods

We enrolled 231 patients with PMA or ataxia from the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. Through Whole Exome Sequencing and Sanger sequencing, we identified the causative gene in patients. Haplotype analysis was employed to explore a potential founder effect of the NEU1 c.544A>G mutation.

Results

A total of 31 patients from 23 unrelated families were genetically diagnosed with ST‐1. A significant 80.6% of these patients were homozygous for the c.544A>G mutation. We discovered six different NEU1 variants, including two novel mutations: c.951_968del and c.517T>G. The mean age of onset was 18.0 ± 7.1 years. The clinical spectrum of ST‐1 featured ataxia and myoclonus as the most common initial symptoms. Over 40% suffered from controlled generalized tonic–clonic seizures. Mobility and independence varied greatly across the cohort. Cherry‐red spots were rare, occurring in just 9.5% (2/21) of patients. Brain MRIs were typically unremarkable, except for two patients with unusual findings. EEGs showed diffuse paroxysmal activity in 17 patients. The c.544A>G mutation in NEU1 is a founder variant in Fujian, with a unique haplotype prevalent in East Asians.

Interpretation

ST‐1 should be suspected in patients with PMA or ataxia in Southeast China, even without macular cherry‐red spots and seizures, and the premier test could be a variant screening of the founder variant NEU1 c.544A>G.
The Glade of the Chicken Computer: An Allegorical Operator's Manual
Authors: Hales Derek
Published: November 2024

Nearly two decades ago, Neil Spiller and architect and teacher Derek Hales had a conversation about analogue computers. With its Surreal and ’pataphysical concerns, the conversation resonated with Spiller and inspired his design for the Chicken Computer, one of the centrepieces of his ‘Communicating Vessels’ series of drawings and writings. Hales reflects on the curious and extraordinary ideas that this chunking engine of pecking, haptic chance provokes in him.
Response Surface Methodology‐Based Optimization of Coating Material, Coating Thickness, and Diameter of Dental Implant for Enhanced Mechanical Behavior Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Bukhari Syed Masood Arif , Qurashi Rashida , Husnain Naveed , Sadiq Muhammad Aenan , Zafar Muhammad Qasim , Anwar Muhammad Tuoqeer , Abbas Saqlain , Siddiqui Farrukh Arsalan , Sarfraz Sana
Published: November 2024

Surface coatings have been found effective to enhance the osseointegration behavior and eliminate the issues associated with titanium implants. This research aims to optimize coating material, coating thickness, and implant diameter for reduced deformation, stress, and strain (response variables) which would enhance the performance. These input variables are optimized and analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM) and finite element method. Four different coating materials, i.e., hydroxyapatite, TiO2, TiC, and gold, are selected. Coating thickness is varied from 50 to 170 μm whereas implant body diameter from 4.5 to 5 mm based on RSM's design of experiment (DOE). The designing of dental implants is done in SOLIDWORKS 2023 while simulations are done on Ansys Workbench 19.2 based on DOE. RSM indicates that coating thickness is the most significant variable in determining all the three response variables. Optimized variables are coating thickness of 170 μm, coating material of TiC, and implant diameter of 5 mm. The results from prediction model of RSM are in strong agreement with the simulation results, indicating the validity of model. In terms of mechanical behavior and stability, TiC coating shows the highest desirability (0.988). However, von Mises stress values for all coating materials are in allowable limits.
Machine Learning‐Based Strength Prediction for Two‐Stage Aged 7050 Aluminum Alloy Forgings in Aircraft Main Support Joints
Authors: Liu Yongjie , Qian Yuanzhi , Huang Weijiu , Zhu Xiaofei , Yang Xusheng , Cao Lingfei , Guo Yanzheng , Liu Mofan , Xiao Wenya , Gan Ke
Published: November 2024

Aluminum alloys, widely regarded as lightweight structural materials, are extensively used in the aerospace industry. The aging process is essential for reducing residual stresses and ensuring alloys quality. Traditional methods for optimizing aging are often time‐consuming and expensive. In contrast, machine learning (ML) accelerates material design and performance prediction, significantly minimizing the need for extensive experimentation. In this study, the 7050 aluminum alloy forgings in aircraft main support joints are selected as the research object. A forward prediction model is developed using common ML algorithms, incorporating two‐stage aging process parameters and microstructural features as inputs, with yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) as outputs. The results demonstrate that the extreme gradient boosting regression model is the most effective for predicting the strength of aluminum alloys, with R2 values exceeding 0.7. By the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) method and microscopic morphology analysis, the second‐stage aging time (t2) significantly influences YS and UTS. Hence, t2 was selected as the output for constructing the reverse classification model. The support vector machine classification model exhibits optimal performance, attaining macro‐accuracy and macro‐recall rates of 0.91 and 0.90, respectively.
Inhibition of Glutamate‐to‐Glutathione Flux Promotes Tumor Antigen Presentation in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Yu Tao , Van der Jeught Kevin , Zhu Haiqi , Zhou Zhuolong , Sharma Samantha , Liu Sheng , Eyvani Haniyeh , So Ka Man , Singh Naresh , Wang Jia , Sandusky George E. , Liu Yunlong , Opyrchal Mateusz , Cao Sha , Wan Jun , Zhang Chi , Zhang Xinna
Published: November 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells display remarkable adaptability, orchestrating metabolic changes that confer growth advantages, pro‐tumor microenvironment, and therapeutic resistance. One such metabolic change occurs in glutamine metabolism. Colorectal tumors with high glutaminase (GLS) expression exhibited reduced T cell infiltration and cytotoxicity, leading to poor clinical outcomes. However, depletion of GLS in CRC cells has minimal effect on tumor growth in immunocompromised mice. By contrast, remarkable inhibition of tumor growth is observed in immunocompetent mice when GLS is knocked down. It is found that GLS knockdown in CRC cells enhanced the cytotoxicity of tumor‐specific T cells. Furthermore, the single‐cell flux estimation analysis (scFEA) of glutamine metabolism revealed that glutamate‐to‐glutathione (Glu‐GSH) flux, downstream of GLS, rather than Glu‐to‐2‐oxoglutarate flux plays a key role in regulating the immune response of CRC cells in the tumor. Mechanistically, inhibition of the Glu‐GSH flux activated reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐related signaling pathways in tumor cells, thereby increasing the tumor immunogenicity by promoting the activity of the immunoproteasome. The combinatorial therapy of Glu‐GSH flux inhibitor and anti‐PD‐1 antibody exhibited a superior tumor growth inhibitory effect compared to either monotherapy. Taken together, the study provides the first evidence pointing to Glu‐GSH flux as a potential therapeutic target for CRC immunotherapy.
Impact of Side Chains in 1‐n‐Alkylimidazolium Ionomers on Cu‐Catalyzed Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Song Young In , Yoon Bohak , Lee Chanwoo , Kim Dogyeong , Han Man Ho , Han Hyungu , Lee Woong Hee , Won Da Hye , Kim Jung Kyu , Jeon Hyo Sang , Koh Jai Hyun
Published: November 2024

This study presents the impact of the side chains in 1‐n‐alkylimidazolium ionomers with varying side chain lengths (CnH2n+1 where n = 1, 4, 10, 16) on Cu‐catalyzed electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Longer side chains suppress the H2 and CH4 formation, with the n‐hexadecyl ionomer (n = 16) showing the greatest reduction in kinetics by up to 56.5% and 60.0%, respectively. On the other hand, C2H4 production demonstrates optimal Faradaic efficiency with the n‐decyl ionomer (n = 10), a substantial increase of 59.9% compared to its methyl analog (n = 1). Through a combination of density functional theory calculations and material characterization, it is revealed that the engineering of the side chains effectively modulates the thermodynamic stability of key intermediates, thus influencing the selectivity of both CO2RR and hydrogen evolution reaction. Moreover, ionomer engineering enables industrially relevant partial current density of –209.5 mA cm−2 and a Faradaic efficiency of 52.4% for C2H4 production at 3.95 V, even with a moderately active Cu catalyst, outperforming previous benchmarks and allowing for further improvement through catalyst engineering. This study underscores the critical role of ionomers in CO2RR, providing insights into their optimal design for sustainable chemical synthesis.
Paths to learning: How residents navigate transience in supervisory relationships in the emergency department
Authors: Miller Kelsey A. , Cavallaro Sarah C. , Dorney Kate , Hirsch Alexander , Monuteaux Michael , Nagler Joshua
Published: November 2024

Background

Strong relationships between trainees and physician supervisors can positively influence how trainees navigate workplace learning. How trainees act and learn in clinical workplaces characterized by rapidly developing and dissolving supervisory pairings is less well understood. This study uses the emergency department (ED) to examine the impact of transient supervisory relationships on how residents approach clinical learning opportunities.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed pediatric and emergency medicine resident rotations in an urban, tertiary, academic pediatric ED between July 2018 and June 2022. Using social network analysis (SNA), we identified resident–attending dyads and patients seen by each dyad. This informed semistructured interviews to understand how transience in supervisory relationships influences how residents approach and interpret clinical experiences. With self‐determination theory as an organizing framework, the investigators performed line‐by‐line coding with constant comparative analysis which supported subsequent theoretical coding.

Results

During the study, 526 residents completed 1013 rotations with 87 attendings. A mean (±SD) of 25 (±7) attendings supervised a resident per rotation, with dyads caring for a mean (±SD) of 4 (±4) patients. Twelve residents were interviewed and described different paths to learning depending on the transience of their relationships with clinical supervisors. More sustained contact presented an opportunity to build competence by fostering autonomy and feedback, while briefer contact advanced residents’ competence by exposing them to variable practice patterns.

Conclusions

Combining SNA with qualitative analysis revealed that residents in the ED experience a spectrum of contact with attendings and perceive different paths to learning depending on the transience of this relationship. The results suggest different educational strategies may be necessary to maximize learning depending on the length or resident–attending interactions.
Successful Pregnancy Outcome With Preconception Care in a Symptomatic Carrier of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kinugawa Motoaki , Ichinose Mari , Matsui Haruka , Xiang Zeng , Sayama Seisuke , Toshimitsu Masatake , Seyama Takahiro , Masuda Hitomi , Matsui Hikoro , Kumasawa Keiichi , Iriyama Takayuki , Hirota Yasushi , Osuga Yutaka
Published: November 2024

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X‐linked recessive disorder. Female carriers can manifest symptoms during pregnancy, complicating diagnosis and genetic counseling before conception. This is the first report of a DMD symptomatic carrier who was managed continuously from preconception through pregnancy for symptoms recognized before conception. A 31‐year‐old primipara woman was incidentally noted to have premature ventricular contractions, heart failure, and elevated creatine kinase levels 2 years before pregnancy. Genetic testing confirmed that the patient was a symptomatic carrier of DMD. She had no family history of muscular or cardiac disease, suggesting a de novo variant. She received genetic counseling and planned amniocentesis during pregnancy as prenatal diagnosis. After treatment with bisoprolol and flecainide, her cardiac function improved, and natural conception was achieved. Amniocentesis performed at 16 weeks of gestation indicated a 46, XX karyotype, leading to the decision to continue the pregnancy. From week 16 to 21, the fetus exhibited bradycardia due to blocked premature atrial contraction, which later improved, although the atrioventricular interval was prolonged. The mother delivered vaginally without any complications, and the infant's atrioventricular interval normalized. Preconceptional diagnosis and treatment for DMD carrier status are crucial for shared decision‐making and to achieve favorable perinatal outcomes.
Improving the Cellular Internalization of Zr(IV) Nanocages by Tuning Hydrophilicity and Lipophilicity
Authors: Du Shunfu , Lyu Jinxiao , Yu Zhenfeng , Su Kongzhao , Wang Wenjing , Zhang Xuanjun , Yuan Daqiang
Published: November 2024

Nanoscale molecular materials have emerged as a new class of compounds at the nanometer scale with well‐defined chemical structures, remarkable uniformity and high reproducibility. Among these materials, zirconium‐based metal‐organic cages (MOCs) have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional stability and applications in catalysis, recognition and separation and so on. However, their poor water solubility impedes their biomedical applications. In this study, decorating the ligand with Ru(II) complexes can not only improve the water solubility but also endow bright red fluorescence with large Stokes shift (180 nm). Notably, butyl‐modification of the cyclopentadiene rings can significantly enhance the cell uptake (100 folds) of nanocages via actin‐ and dynamin‐mediated endocytosis. The unique advantages and easy modifiability of these nanocages make them highly promising candidates for diverse biological applications.
Synergistic Effects of Cerium and Strontium Promoters on Copper‐Modified Iron‐Based Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts
Authors: Rahimi Mashkaleh Marziyeh , Zamani Yahya , Baniyaghoob Sahar , Ganji Babakhani Ensiyeh
Published: November 2024

As the world shifts towards renewable and sustainable energy sources, converting syngas into hydrocarbons using Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts is crucial. In this work, a series of copper‐modified iron‐based catalysts with cerium and strontium promoters supported on γ‐Alumina as follows were prepared using a wet‐impregnation method: FCA (18Fe/4Cu/γ‐Al2O3), FCCA (18Fe/4Cu/2Ce/γ‐Al2O3), FCSA (18Fe/4Cu/2Sr/γ‐Al2O3), and FCCSA (18Fe/4Cu/1Ce/1Sr/γ‐Al2O3). The phase, structure, and morphology of the catalysts were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES), hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR), and hydrogen temperature‐programmed desorption (H2‐TPD). The impacts of Ce and Sr, individually and in combination, on the structure, adsorption, reduction, and catalytic performance of the catalysts were evaluated in a fixed bed reactor at 300°C, 2.0‐MPa pressure, a time of stream of 168 h, and an H2/CO ratio of 1. The CO conversion and product selectivity were calculated using gas chromatography results, highlighting the synergistic effect of Ce and Sr promoters on hydrocarbon product distribution. The doubly promoted FCCSA catalyst exhibited a high CO conversion rate of 77.65%, CO2 selectivity of 43.5%, C2‐C4 selectivity of 55.89%, C5+ selectivity of 85.62.0%, and a yield of 43.19%, surpassing FCA, FCCA, and FCSA catalysts. Similar characteristics, CO conversion, and product selectivity were achieved for FCCSA during long‐term 336‐h FTS runs, indicating stability.
Preparation and performance comparison of low‐dielectric epoxy resins cured by naphthalene‐ and phenyl‐based active esters
Authors: Zhu Youwei , Liu Jiaming , Qin Jingjing , Wang Dingsong , Li Wanyan , Xu Chang‐An , Liang Liyan
Published: November 2024

The poor dielectric properties of epoxy resins limit their application in microelectronics, and active ester curing agent is an effective means to enhance the dielectric properties of epoxy resins. However, the phenyl active ester curing resins nowadays have the problem of low mechanical properties. In this work, a novel naphthalene‐based active ester‐cured resveratrol epoxy resin system (REP/NDA) was prepared for the first time. Compared with the phenyl‐active ester‐cured epoxy resin (REP/PDA), the naphthyl‐active ester prepared epoxy resin has obvious advantages in mechanical properties. The experimental results indicated a tensile strength measurement for REP/NDA at 91.9 MPa, the tensile strength of REP/PDA was 65.3 MPa, and the tensile strength of REP/NDA was 141% of that of REP/PDA. The prepared REP/NDA epoxy resin exhibits favorable dielectric properties, evidenced by a dielectric constant of 3.02 at 10 MHz and a dielectric loss of 0.0042, very good thermal stability (T5% of 379°C), excellent water absorption (only 0.49% for 7 days from 2 to 8°C) and good dimensional stability (coefficient of thermal expansion below Tg of 77 ppm). The first synthesis of naphthalene‐based active ester curing agent offers a reference for creating new low dielectric epoxy resin materials that work out exceptionally.
Acid‐doped polyaniline and its vertically aligned SWCNT composites: Influence of acid type and concentration on structural and electrochemical properties
Authors: Hai Jiawei , Zhan Chuang , Chen Xunwei , Qiu Biwei
Published: November 2024

This study explores how acid type (hydrochloric acid [HCl], p‐toluenesulfonic acid [TSA], and formic acid [FA]) and concentration affect the structure of polyaniline (PANI) and the electrochemical properties of its composite with vertically aligned single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). PANI doped with TSA (PANI‐TSA) exhibited improved dispersion and conjugation attributed to the larger anion volume, which mitigates interchain spacing, in contrast to PANI doped with HCl (PANI‐HCl) and FA (PANI‐FA). Additionally, varying the organic acid concentration affected PANI's morphology and the concentration of quinone structure, with TSA leading to a fibrous structure and enhanced electrochemical characteristics. The study further investigated the SWCNTs/PANI composite, revealing that higher TSA concentrations enhance conductivity and specific capacitance of the composite membrane due to sulfonic acid group. Notably, HCl‐based SWCNTs/PANI only at higher acid concentrations exhibits superior electrochemical characteristics than TSA‐based SWCNTs/PANI, achieving charge transfer resistance down to 5.514 Ω cm2 at 1.0 mol/L. Moreover, applying an electric field during membrane synthesis significantly increased the specific capacitance of composite prepared with PANI‐TSA, highlighting the role of voltage in optimizing electron transport efficiency within the composite.
Targeting Long Noncoding RNA H19 in Subchondral Bone Osteocytes and the Alleviation of Cartilage Degradation in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Rongliang , Mehrjou Babak , Dehghan‐Banian Dorsa , Wang Belle Yu Hsuan , Li Qiangqiang , Deng Shuai , Liu Chuanhai , Zhang Zhe , Zhu Yanlun , Wang Haixing , Li Dan , Lu Xiaomin , Cheng Jack Chun Yiu , Ong Michael Tim Yun , Chan Hon Fai , Li Gang , Chu Paul K. , Lee Wayne Yuk Wai
Published: November 2024

Objective

Emerging evidence suggests long noncoding RNA H19 is associated with osteoarthritis (OA) pathology. However, how H19 contributes to OA has not been reported. This study aims to investigate the biologic function of H19 in OA subchondral bone remodeling and OA progression.

Methods

Clinical joint samples and OA animal models induced by surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) were used to verify the causal relationship between osteocyte H19 and OA subchondral bone and cartilage changes. MLO‐Y4 osteocyte cells subjected to fluid shear stress were used to verify the mechanism underlying H19‐mediated mechanoresponse. Finally, the antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) against H19 was delivered to mice knee joints by magnetic metal–organic framework (MMOF) nanoparticles to develop a site‐specific delivery method for targeting osteocyte H19 for OA treatment.

Results

Both clinical OA subchondral bone and wildtype mice with DMM‐induced OA exhibit aberrant higher subchondral bone mass, with more H19 mice expressing osteocytes. On the contrary, mice with osteocyte‐specific deletion of H19 are less vulnerable to DMM‐induced OA phenotype. In MLO‐Y4 cells, H19‐mediated osteocyte mechanoresponse through PI3K/AKT/GSK3 signal activation by EZH2‐induced H3K27me3 regulation on protein phosphatase 2A inhibition. Targeted inhibition of H19 (using ASO‐loaded MMOF) substantially alleviates subchondral bone remodeling and OA phenotype.

Conclusion

In summary, our results provide new evidence that the elevated H19 expression in osteocytes may contribute to aberrant subchondral bone remodeling and OA progression. H19 appears to be required for the osteocyte response to mechanical stimulation, and targeting H19 represents a new promising approach for OA treatment.

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MOF−Derived Core‐Shell La(OH)3@Cu(OH)2/Co(OH)2 Heterostructure for Supercapacitors
Authors: Khalafallah Diab , Zhang Yunxiang , Zhang Qinfang
Published: November 2024

Structural metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐based pseudocapacitive components have exhibited significant potential for supercapacitors. Herein, a highly functioning vertically aligned La(OH)3@Cu(OH)2/Co(OH)2 core‐shell composite was in situ yielded from the template Co MOF‐74 frameworks on the nickel foam (Co MOF/NF) via a dual approach of heterointerfacing and structural engineering. The sacrificial template Co MOF/NF microrods were converted into binary hydroxide Cu(OH)2/Co(OH)2/NF (Cu/Co/NF) junction with spatial nanogranule self‐assembled microrods‐like structure through a cation exchange reaction. Subsequently, the binary hydroxide Cu/Co junction was employed as a backbone to stabilize La(OH)3 species via an electrodeposition process, forming a heterostructural La(OH)3@Cu/Co/NF (La@Cu/Co/NF) core‐shell composite. Preliminary electrochemical analysis demonstrates the efficiency of the binder‐free La@Cu/Co/NF core‐shell electrode, revealing a specific capacitance value of 874.8 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and high rate ability (65.2 % capacitance retention at 30 A g−1). Hence, it combines rich electrochemical reactive sites for Faradaic redox reactions and the favorable synergistic effect of integrated constituents. The configured La@Cu/Co/NF//AC asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device boasts a maximum voltage window of 1.55 V, acquiring an energy density of 43.9 Wh kg−1 at 775 W kg−1. Besides, the device maintains a capacitance retention rate of 76.4 % even after enduring 11,000 charge‐discharge cycles, suggesting good long‐term durability.
Stone Babies: A Pictorial Essay With Insights From 25 Museal Lithopaedions
Authors: Boer Lucas L. , Wasserscheid Andreas , Winter Eduard , de Rooy Laurens , Schepens‐Franke Annelieke N. , Magno Giovanni , Cusan Alice , Rehder Helga , Behunova Jana , Scharrer Anke , Lobé Nick , Peloschek Philipp , Oostra Roelof‐Jan , Kircher Susanne G.
Published: November 2024

Background

Lithopaedion, or “stone baby,” represents an exceptionally rare clinical phenomenon with fewer than 350 documented cases existing in the medical literature. This condition arises when an advanced extrauterine pregnancy ceases its developmental trajectory and undergoes a lithification process, potentially resulting in a calcified mass with fetal‐like morphology. Typically, lithopaedions remain asymptomatic for decades, but may occasionally elicit acute symptoms necessitating medical intervention. However, predominantly, these entities are incidental findings discovered during radiological examinations or autopsies.

Results

In this article, we present a comprehensive overview of 25 lithopaedion cases, including unreported cases from several European medical museums. When feasible, additional radiological imaging was conducted to enhance diagnostic clarity. Furthermore, this article situates lithopaedions within a broader historical perspective and a detailed etiopathogenetic framework, elucidating the physiological and pathological mechanisms contributing to their formation. The phenomenon of lithopaedion is a testimony to the complex and often enigmatic nature of the human body.

Conclusions

By compiling and scrutinizing a substantial number of cases, this review offers valuable insights into the clinical implications of lithopaedions. Furthermore, it highlights the necessity for ongoing research and meticulous documentation of rare medical conditions like this, in order to contribute to a deeper understanding of extraordinary phenomena.
Effect of Upper Robot‐Assisted Training on Upper Limb Motor, Daily Life Activities, and Muscular Tone in Patients With Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Su Tingting , Wang Mengting , Chen Zhouyang , Feng Liang
Published: November 2024

Background

Upper limb rehabilitation robot is a relatively new technology, but its effectiveness remains debatable due to the inconsistent results of clinical trials. This article intends to assess how upper limb rehabilitation robots help the functional recovery of stroke patients.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for eligible studies to explore the effect of upper limb rehabilitation robots on upper limb motor function, muscle tone, and daily living activities.

Results

Eighteen trials with 573 stroke patients met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that compared to conventional rehabilitation training, patients who received upper limb robotic therapy (RT) had significantly improved Fugl‐Meyer Upper Extremity Motor Assessment (FMA‐UE) scores (weighted mean differences [WMD]: 5.27, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 3.36, 7.17), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) scores (WMD: 4.07, 95% CI: −4.14, 12.28), Modified Barthel Index (MBI) scores (WMD: 9.55, 95% CI: 6.37, 12.73), and modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) scores (WMD: −0.28, 95% CI: −0.50, 0.06), with no significant heterogeneity.

Conclusions

Upper limb robot–assisted training is superior to conventional training in terms of improving upper limb motor impairment, ability to perform daily living activities, and muscle tone recovery, which supports the application of robots in clinical practice.
Mad honey disease: A challenging encounter in the emergency department
Authors: Khan Sajjad Ahmed , Luitel Anish , Poudel Rasmita , Aryal Bijita , Rauniyar Vivek K. , Parajuli Surya Bahadur
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical Message

Be aware of potential severe interactions between aged honey containing grayanotoxins and alcohol. Such combinations can exacerbate symptoms like syncope and hypotension, especially in elderly patients with pre‐existing conditions, necessitating careful evaluation and management.
PROTOCOL: The association between adverse childhood experiences and employment outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Obse Amarech , Gkaintatzi Evdoxia , McCrone Paul
Published: November 2024

There is growing evidence of a link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and health and economic outcomes. Previous systematic reviews synthesised evidence of the relationships between ACEs and various health and some economic outcomes such as healthcare costs and educational attainment. The primary aim of this systematic review is to synthesise the evidence on the relationship between ACEs and employment outcomes. MEDLINE, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection (APA PsycInfo), ECONLIT, Sociological Abstracts, Social Science Research Network (SSRN) and Scopus will be searched using a predefined search strategy. Cross‐sectional, cohort, or longitudinal studies published between 2000 and 2024 will be included. ACEs include abuse, neglect, household dysfunction, bullying, foster care, and racism that occur during childhood or adolescence. Employment outcomes include employment status, occupation, and income. Risk of bias of individual studies will be assessed using appropriate NHLBI‐NHI quality assessment tools for each type of study. Proportions or means will be used to analyse and compare outcomes. If data allows, we will conduct meta‐analysis. Sub‐group analyses (e.g., by gender, age group, type and number of ACEs, and intersections of identities of study subjects will be conducted. Further analysis will be conducted to assess the mediators of the effect of ACEs on employment outcomes. By sythesising evidence of the association between ACEs and economic wellbeing later in life, this review will add evidence to the broader literature on poverty. The results of this synthesis will inform policies on child welfare and employment. Results of the review will be published in a peer‐reviewed journal.