bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of costs related to cancer treatment
Authors: Araújo José Klerton Luz , Silva Leandro Marques da , Santos Camila Alencar , Oliveira Izabelle da Silva , Fialho Gabriela Medrado , Giglio Auro del
Published: November 2020

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Cancer patients and their caregivers incur costs not covered by the Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS(Unified Health System) during their treatment, with expenses related to transportation, symptomatic medications, food, loss of working days, and others. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the costs incurred and not covered for cancer patients and their caregivers during cancer treatment at SUS. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 110 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and 88 caregivers in the last month prior to their inclusion in the study. We correlated costs with clinical and sociodemographic variables such as gender, race, age, marital status, education, occupation, place of birth, origin, monthly income, family income, housing, comorbidities, types of cancer, and staging. RESULTS: We observed that the average cost for study patients was R$ 747.92, which corresponds to 78.4% of the minimum wage, and the average cost for caregivers was R$ 118.86, which is 12.46% of the minimum wage. Among all variables analyzed, the average overall monthly cost for patients was positively correlated with the occupation (p = 0.021) and origin (p = 0.038) variables. For the other variables, no significant associations were detected. CONCLUSION: The positive correlation found between occupation and origin variables with costs incurred and not covered for patients suggests that the creation of programs that enable the payment of costs not covered by SUS and the decentralization of access to cancer treatment could potentially facilitate patients' adherence to cancer treatment.
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ACTIONS IN NATURAL DISASTERS
Authors: Manfrini Gisele Cristina , Treich Raiza Santos , Rumor Pamela Camila Fernandes , Magagnin Adriana Bitencourt , Moncada María Arcaya , Furtado Janaina Rocha
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify in the national and international literature Primary Health Care actions in natural disasters. Method: an integrative literature review, which included 24 original surveys between 2006 and 2018 on natural disasters. Results: a qualitative analysis of the studies included primary care actions in the prevention and mitigation, preparation, response, and disaster recovery phases. Conclusion: Primary Health Care actions involve multidisciplinary teams, the community and families in the territory in which the teams operate, articulation in a network of intersectoral services, in managerial and educational dimensions to implement effective plans for disaster situations.
Trunk muscle function and pelvic alignment associated with the presence of pain in higher education students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Santos Márcio Antônio dos , Santos Carlos Eduardo Viana , Rodrigues Adriano , Lunkes Luciana Crepaldi
Published: November 2020

Abstract Introduction: The protective role of muscles in the passive structures of the spine means that their stability and consequent maintenance are associated with pain, especially in the region of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex. Objective: To determine the prevalence of pain and its association with muscle deficits in higher education students. Method: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study that evaluated 120 university students through questionnaires (sample characterization, Nordic musculoskeletal symptoms, pain visual analogue scale and international physical activity). Trunk muscle strength and bridge tests with unilateral knee extension (pelvic alignment) were performed. Results: A high prevalence of pain was found in the lower back (58.41%). There was no association between the presence of pain, muscle strength and pelvic alignment (p> 0.05). There was an association between the trunk extension and pelvic tilt tests (p = 0.009). Conclusion: A high prevalence of low back pain, poor performance in the trunk muscle endurance tests and mild and moderate pelvic misalignment were identified. There was no association between pain, trunk muscle weakness and pelvic misalignment. There was an association between pelvic misalignment and trunk extensor muscle weakness.
Categorizando Usuários “Fáceis” e “Difíceis”: Práticas Cotidianas de Implementação de Políticas Públicas e a Produção de Diferenças Sociais
Authors: Lotta Gabriela Spanghero , Pires Roberto Rocha Coelho
Published: November 2020

RESUMO Este artigo aborda como as práticas cotidianas de agentes envolvidos em processos de implementação de políticas públicas se entrelaçam com a produção da diferenciação social dos públicos atendidos. Parte-se de uma sistematização de perspectivas analíticas presentes no debate internacional sobre implementação de políticas públicas que, então, são colocadas em diálogo com o estudo empírico da implementação da Estratégia Saúde da Família no município de São Paulo, com foco na atuação dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde. Revela como as diferenças sociais penetram o mundo das políticas públicas por meio da centralidade de práticas de categorização e julgamento dos usuários dos serviços. Essas práticas constituem um esforço de delimitação de fronteiras simbólicas que permite aos agentes operarem uma segmentação não oficial do público atendido, classificando-os entre usuários “fáceis” e “difíceis”. Os achados indicam que a diferenciação social produzida mescla elementos de natureza funcional com elementos morais associados a uma avaliação sobre a (in)adequação do comportamento dos usuários, com potenciais implicações para dinâmicas mais amplas de reprodução de desigualdades sociais.
Efeito da entrevista motivacional no autocuidado de pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca: ensaio clínico randomizado
Authors: Flores Paula Vanessa Peclat , Rocha Pablo Alvarez , Figueiredo Lyvia da Silva , Guimarães Thais Medeiros Lima , Velasco Nathália Sodré , Cavalcanti Ana Carla Dantas
Published: November 2020

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o efeito da entrevista motivacional no autocuidado de pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca crônica. Método: Ensaio clínico randomizado, multicêntrico, dividindo as pessoas em grupo intervenção (n=59) e grupo controle (n=59), acompanhadas por 60 dias nos centros do Brasil e Uruguai. O grupo intervenção recebeu três consultas por entrevista motivacional, com intervalo de 30 dias, e o grupo controle manteve o acompanhamento convencional nas clínicas especializadas. Os dados foram avaliados através do Self-Care of Heart Failure Index 6.2, antes e após a intervenção, em cada um dos centros e analisados através de média, mediana, teste-t, análise de correlação pelo coeficiente de Spearman e efeito da intervenção pelo d de Cohen. Resultados: 118 pessoas concluíram o estudo. Diante da avaliação do efeito da entrevista motivacional no autocuidado, comparando-se ao acompanhamento convencional, foi identificado efeito médio na manutenção e manejo (Cohen-d=0,6723; 0,5086) e alto na confiança do autocuidado (Cohen-d=0,9877). Conclusão: A entrevista motivacional foi efetiva na melhora do autocuidado dos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, sendo uma estratégia factível a ser implementada em clínicas especializadas. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos: RBR-6fp5qt.
A Conflict of Fineness and Stability: Platinum- and Palladium-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses for Jewellery: Part I
Authors: Houghton* O. S. , Greer A. L.
Published: November 2020

For the metals used in jewellery, high hardness and the associated scratch resistance are much sought after. Conventional crystalline alloys for jewellery are alloyed and extensively processed (thermally and mechanically) to improve hardness, but it is difficult to reach values beyond 300 HV. The advent of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), based on precious metals and with hardness exceeding 300 HV in the as-cast state, is therefore of great interest for both jewellery and watchmaking. The non-crystalline structure of these materials not only gives high hardness, but also the opportunity to shape metals like plastics, via thermoplastic forming (TPF). For more traditional jewellery manufacture, BMGs also exhibit high-definition and near-net-shape casting. Gold-based alloys have long dominated the consideration of BMGs for jewellery as they can comply with 18 karat hallmarks. Although BMGs based on platinum or palladium possess excellent thermoplastic formability and are without known tarnishing problems, achieving useful glass-forming ability (GFA) within the more restrictive hallmarking standards typically used for jewellery (≥95 wt% platinum or palladium) is at best challenging. In this two-part review, platinum- and palladium-based BMGs are discussed, focusing on their potential application in jewellery and on the further research that is necessary.
Synthesis of zeolite-A from bagasse ash and removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents
Authors: Noor-ul-Amin  , Hameed Yousaf , Alam Sultan , Sultana Sabiha , Gul Saeed , Naveed Amir
Published: November 2020

Zeolite-A was indirectly synthesised from bagasse ash from the sugar industry using a hydrothermal conversion method. Active silicon dioxide (SiO2) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) were obtained from the bagasse ash and aluminium sulfate, respectively. The synthesis involves the dissolution of amorphous aluminosilicate releasing [SiO2(OH)2]−2 and Al(OH)−4, the formation of sodium aluminosilicate gel and the crystallisation of zeolite. Results showed that amorphous silica obtained from ash dissolved completely during the first hour of the crystallisation stage. With the increase in crystallisation time up to 4 h, a slight change in the composition of zeolite crystals was observed, due to the dissolution of zeolite-A. The synthesised zeolite showed an excellent adsorption capacity for heavy metal cations from aqueous solutions, especially for Pb++ (187.25 mg/g), followed by Cu++ (63.22 mg/g). This observation indicates that the zeolite-A synthesised from bagasse ash can be used as a low-cost and relatively effective adsorbent for the remediation of heavy metals from the effluents of chemical industries before being released to the environment.
A two-dimensional partially coherent geometric model of a distributed radar object
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Kiselev Aleksey
Published: November 2020

The possibility of the substitution of a two-dimensional distributed radar object by a 4-point partly coherent model is considered. As a criterion of adequacy we accepted the coincidence of the angle noise distribution function for the model and the substituted object. It is shown that the proposed four-point configuration can be represented as two orthogonal equivalent two-point models. Relations are obtained for calculating the parameters (power ratios of the signals and coefficients of the correlation matrix) of the signals of the four-point model through the parameters of the signals of the equivalent two-point models. The signal parameters of the equivalent two-point models can be calculated for the given parameters of the joint distribution of azimuthal and elevation noises. These relations obtained for the two-dimensional model are the result of this work. The results obtained were tested using numerical experiments for the test values of the parameters of the angle noise distribution function. To generate samples of signals whose correlation matrix has the required form the linear transformation method was used. The parameters of the distribution function of the simulated angle noise were estimated by the method of matching moments. The results of numerical experiments confirm the reliability of the obtained ratios. They can be used in mathematical and simulation modeling of distributed radar objects.
Spatial-phase focusing of matrix simulator radiators at two receiving points
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Sabitov Timur
Published: November 2020

This paper discusses the issues of constructing the configuration of a coherent matrix simulator for modeling echo signals of a two-position system. The condition is formulated in the form of a system of equations that the emitted signals are in-phase at both points of reception. A matrix satisfying this condition provides a simulation of a target in the same position for two spaced antennas. To ensure in-phase operation, it is proposed to use the possibilities of placing the radiators and controlling the initial phases of the signals. Relations are obtained for calculating the coordinates of the 2-point configuration and for calculating the phase addition value. Based on these relations, an algorithm for the synthesis of an extended one-dimensional matrix with the required angular size is developed. It is shown that the points of such a matrix can be located on one straight line. The obtained algorithm was used to synthesize a configuration of seven emitters for the given parameters of the two-position system. Using numerical experiments, the adequacy of the model was verified. Different positions of the point target were set, and a monopulse direction finder model was used to find its direction. The results of numerical experiments confirm the reliability of the theoretical results. They can be used in mathematical and simulation modeling of reflections from real radar targets for two-position systems.
The Automated Calibration System for Process Parameters of Electric Adsorption Devices for Selective Purification of Gas Emissions
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia, Merentsov N. A. , Persidskiy A. V. ,   JSC “Federal Research and Production Center “Titan-Barricades”, Volgograd, Russia, Topilin M. V. ,   LLC LUKOIL-Engineering VolgogradNIPImorneft, Volgograd, Russia, Golovanchikov A. B. ,   Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia
Published: November 2020

The procedure for automatic calibration of process parameters of electric adsorption mass transfer devices for selective purification of gas emissions is presented on the example of a continuous electric adsorber with a moving adsorbent bed. The calibration program is based on automatic recognition of the ranges of regulation of the operating modes of electric sorption devices at the stage of commissioning or during the current operation of technological mass transfer equipment. The hydrodynamics of the filtration flow through the adsorbent bed and the parameters of the electric field are subject to calibration, while the optimal filtration regimes from the point of view of washing the adsorbent granules with a continuous gas phase flow are recognized. Determination of the control limits for the parameters of the electric field is based on an automatic check of the quality of electrical insulation part of the mass transfer device, as well as recognition of the current arising in the circuit when ions move between charged surfaces (ionic wind). The calibration program and the parameters obtained with its help will enable the self-adaptive system of automated control of electrical adsorption processes to achieve the highest rates of purification of gas emissions, with optimal energy costs for the implementation of mass transfer processes and will provide an opportunity to smooth out technological, large-scale and other factors inherent in specific mass transfer processes and device designs.
A RESOURCE-SAVING PROCESS OF EXTRACTING INDUSTRIAL CONTAMINATS FROM FIBROUS MATERIAL
Authors:   The Kosygin State University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Kosheleva M. K. , Dornyak O. R. ,   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G. F. Morozov, Voronezh, Russia, Tsintsadze M. Z. ,   The Kosygin State University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

The study of the kinetics of extraction of unfixed dye from a colored fibrous terry flat material using a washing solution to intensify the process of magnetic processing was carried out. The possibility of reducing the duration of the process, reducing the concentration of chemicals in the formulation of the working solution, the amount of waste water and their contamination was shown.
Modeling the Process of Chemical-Thermal Processing of Cellulose-Containing Materials
Authors:   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia, Balabanova M. Yu. , Panov S. Yu. ,   Air Force Academy named after Professors N. Ye. Zhukovsky and Yu. A. Gagarin, Voronezh, Russia, Khvostov A. A. ,   Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russia
Published: November 2020

The issues of numerical modeling of chemical-thermal processing of cellulose-containing waste are considered. The simulation results are presented in comparison with the data of experiments carried out in a horizontal pyrolysis reactor with a turner at various process temperatures. The process and the resulting products are influenced by the factors of the mixing rate of the products in the reactor core and the temperature distribution in this zone. To describe the thermal processes and chemical kinetics of cellulose pyrolysis, a model proposed by Yu. Dean was chosen, in which the process is represented by a heterogeneous n-order reaction and the Arrhenius equation. It is assumed that the process of heat transfer during pyrolysis takes place inside a horizontal tube of circular cross-section under conditions of free convection in a limited volume, which has an excess temperature in relation to the surrounding space. It is shown that the results obtained with the help of numerical modeling make it possible to choose the most optimal value of the linear movement of the material in the reactor vessel, depending on the required mode of chemical-thermal processing of cellulose-containing waste.
The Analysis of the Conditions of Permissible Leakage from Detachable Joints of Process Equipment Based on Russian and Foreign Standards
Authors:   Moscow Polytechnic University, Moscow, Russia, Bozhko G. V. , Prodan V. D. ,   Moscow Polytechnic University, Moscow, Russia, Fokina M. S. ,   Moscow Polytechnic University, Moscow, Russia, Vorobyeva N. I. ,   Moscow Polytechnic University, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

In the petrochemical, nuclear and gas industries, high technological parameters are used, and first of all, they include temperature and pressure. Technological processes, as a rule, are carried out in capacitive equipment, the reliability of which is determined by the tightness of its detachable joints. In the period of integration of the development, manufacture and use of equipment for chemical, petrochemical and other industries, there is a need for common regulatory documents for their calculations and manufacture. In different areas, there are already many common European standards applied in individual countries. Recently, the issue of creating uniform standards in the field of tightness of detachable joints has arisen. The analysis of literary sources and, first of all, the existing standards of leading industrial countries for the calculation of detachable joints for strength and tightness is given.
Methods for Maintaining and Ensuring the Working Condition of Automotive Equipment
Authors:   Military Academy of Logistics  named after General of the Army A. V. Khrulev, St. Petersburg, Russia, Nechaev V. V.
Published: November 2020

Methods for the formation of a rational system of technical operation of automotive equipment, maintenance and provision of its working condition are presented.
The Analytical Study of the Value of Adhesion of Cement Gel between Reinforcement and Concrete
Authors:   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia, Nikolyukin A. N. , Yartsev V. P. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia, Mamontov S. A. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia, Kolomnikova I. I. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia, Pechnikov A. S. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia, Nikitin N. O. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia
Published: November 2020

Disruption of the adhesion of reinforcement to concrete causes significant deformation of the structure, which can subsequently lead to the loss of its bearing capacity. There is a need to study the bonding process between concrete and reinforcement under various influences. The results of a numerical experiment on pulling out reinforcement of periodic profile from concrete are presented. A mathematical model to study the processes taking place in the field of embedding reinforcement in concrete has been built. The results of numerical modeling are described.
Can NLR, PLR and LMR be used as prognostic indicators in patients with pulmonary embolism? Author’s reply on commentary
Authors: Kose Nuri , Yıldırım Tarık , Akın Fatih , Elçim Yıldırım Seda , Altun Ibrahim
Published: November 2020

We appreciate the comments made by Dr Bedel and colleagues. NLR, PLR and LMR are affected by various diseases such as oncological, collagen tissue, inflammatory, or severe renal/liver diseases [1]. Because of this, we have listed some of the above-mentioned disorders in the tables. Hematological diseases, collagen tissue disease, inflammatory diseases, congenital heart disease, or severe renal/liver disease were therefore excluded from the study. However, the presence of malignancy did not affect our results in regression analysis.Platelets swell until 120 minutes in ethylene diamine tetra acetic (EDTA) and until 60 minutes in citrate [2]. Authors suggest that optimal measuring time should not exceed 120 minutes. The blood samples of the patients were taken within 1 hour after their emergency admission. All blood samples in our study were tested within 1 hour of collection [3]. We used EDTA for whole blood anticoagulation. The mean duration of symptoms prior to admission was 5.04 ± 6.9 days. The drugs such as corticosteroids affect inflammatory parameters. Therefore, we excluded inflammatory diseases without emphasizing corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory drugs.
Внутренний аудит в государственных и корпоративных структурах: подходы, процедуры и особенности организации
Authors: Головин Сергей Владимирович , Луценко Марина Сергеевна , Шендрикова Олеся Олеговна
Published: November 2020

Цель: в данной статье авторы рассматривают подходы к организации внутреннего аудита в государственных и корпоративных структурах, выделяют внешний и внутренний аудит, анализируют специфику комплаенс-контроля, описывают схему внутреннего финансового аудита в государственном секторе. Обсуждение: в течение последних нескольких лет особенно важное значение приобретает организация, особенности и процедуры системы внутреннего аудита в корпоративном управлении отечественных предприятий и холдинговых структур, а также возникла важная потребность существенного повышения эффективности использования бюджетных средств, качества и надежности систем внутреннего финансового контроля и внутреннего финансового аудита. Результаты: проведенный анализ особенностей осуществления аудита в коммерческих и государственных структурах позволил выявить ряд особенностей. В целом же как для государственных, так и для корпоративных предприятий аудит является инструментом повышения эффективности деятельности и управляемости компании.
Археология периферии: шесть лет спустя
Authors: Глазков Константин Павлович
Published: November 2020

В декабре 2013 года на Московском урбанистическом форуме (МУФ) было представлено комплексное исследование, посвященное окраинам Москвы, — «Археология периферии». Исследование проводилось по шести направлениям: общество, политика, архитектура, культура, экономика, данные. Исследовательские команды отмечали значительный потенциал периферийных районов города, которые на тот момент были «спящими». Эти территории оставались лишь градосоставляющими, но не градообразующими. При этом критики данного проекта говорили о том, что в нем недостаточно раскрыта связь центральных и периферийных районов, которая, возможно, пролила бы свет на причины слабой реализации потенциала периферийных территорий.

Прошло шесть лет. Москва бурно развивается. Уже три года функционирует Московское центральное кольцо (МЦК), полностью пролегающее по периферийным районам. Осуществляется ввод масштабной транспортной системы — Московских центральных диаметров (МЦД), которая расположится за пределами Москвы. Открываются новые ветки метро, реализуются проекты по благоустройству («Моя улица», «Мой район»), на подходе активная фаза реновации. Интересно вспомнить «Археологию периферии», чтобы оценить вектор развития, сложившийся с тех пор. Мы решили обсудить с авторами сборника перемены, происходящие в Москве, пытающейся найти баланс между центром и периферией.

Нам удалось пообщаться с восьмью экспертами, которые в рамках работы над сборником отвечали за разные исследовательские направления. В результате мы обсудили вопросы границ Москвы, представление о московской периферии, задались вопросами нового административного расширения города и присоединения Новой Москвы, ролью МКАД в современном городе, перспективами реновации и возможностями проекта «Мой район» по формированию полицентричной городской среды, воздействием МЦК на периферийные территории, ожиданиями от запуска МЦД, а также тем, чем могла бы быть «Археология периферии 2.0».
Bench top CUT&Tag v1
Authors: S Kaya-Okur Hatice , Henikoff Steven
Published: November 2020

Here we describe a single-tube bench top protocol for Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag), an enzyme-tethering strategy that provides efficient high-resolution sequencing libraries for profiling diverse chromatin components. In CUT&Tag, a chromatin protein is bound in situ by a specific antibody, which then tethers a proteinA-Tn5 transposase fusion protein. Activation of the transposase efficiently generates fragment libraries with high resolution and exceptionally low background. All steps from live cells to sequencing-ready libraries can be performed in a single tube on the benchtop or a microwell in a high-throughput pipeline, and the entire procedure can be performed in one day. We have demonstrated the utility of CUT&Tag by profiling histone modifications, RNA Polymerase II and transcription factors on low cell numbers and single cells.
LAMP Master Mix + Reaction Protocol v1
Authors: Villari Caterina
Published: November 2020

This protocol describes the LAMP (Loop-mediated isothermal amplification) master mix and reaction. This protocol is part of the Bark Beetle Mycobiome (BBM) Research Coordination Network. For more information on the BBM international network: Hulcr J, Barnes I, De Beer ZW, Duong TA, Gazis R, Johnson AJ, Jusino MA, Kasson MT, Li Y, Lynch S, Mayers C, Musvuugwa T, Roets F, Seltmann KC, Six D, Vanderpool D, & Villari C. 2020. Bark beetle mycobiome: collaboratively defined research priorities on a widespread insect-fungus symbiosis. Symbiosis 81: 101–113 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-020-00686-9.
DNA extraction protocol (Salting out) Modified v2
Authors: M.M. Niyas Afaq , Villari Caterina
Published: November 2020

This protocol describes how to extract DNA with modified salting out method. This protocol is part of the Bark Beetle Mycobiome (BBM) Research Coordination Network. For more information on the BBM international network: Hulcr J, Barnes I, De Beer ZW, Duong TA, Gazis R, Johnson AJ, Jusino MA, Kasson MT, Li Y, Lynch S, Mayers C, Musvuugwa T, Roets F, Seltmann KC, Six D, Vanderpool D, & Villari C. 2020. Bark beetle mycobiome: collaboratively defined research priorities on a widespread insect-fungus symbiosis. Symbiosis 81: 101–113 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-020-00686-9.
Papillary carcinoma of the male breast in a comparatively young patient: A case report of a rare entity
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Government Dental College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India, Prashant Dr. Dolly , Prashant Dr. Viplav ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Government Dental College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
Published: November 2020

Breast carcinoma in men is rare and intra-cystic papillary carcinoma of male breast is an extremelyrare entity. Papillary lesions of male breast comprise of the spectrum of lesions ranging from benignintraductal papilloma to intraductal papillary carcinoma and invasive papillary carcinoma. It occursmost commonly in the seventh decade of life and accounts for <1% of all breast malignancies. Thepresent case report is of a comparatively younger, 37 years old male who presented with a mass onlower quadrant (retro-areolar region) of the left breast.
On the Edge of a New Era. Lexical Comparison in the Ancient Anatolia and Levantine Area
Authors: Tardivo G. , Kitselis P.
Published: November 2020

An excursus of ancient Europe from an historical linguistics viewpoint reveals the legacy between Ægean and the nearby Anatolia till Northern Caucasus. This hypothesis is related to the early farming culture, whom people spoken a non-Indo-European language. Main source of information is Beekes Etymological dictionary of Greek. On this occasion, word lists of various items are scrutinized. The discovery of bronze and its use it was of great importance, as it will be illustrated at the beginning of this article. Then, the article contains for the first time, a very interesting fact, very deep in time, as it involves a Linear B word for ‘barley’. From ‘barley’ word, it progresses towards some others kind of foods, such as ‘chick-peas’ and ‘soup’; in this way, all three elements are part of a single theme: food. However, ‘food’ is not the only element taken in consideration, also ‘food’ preparation required tools in order to process it. For this reason, a ‘vessel’ name is also included. Nevertheless, the ‘stone [for special purpose]’ use was never abandoned, conversely, its usage was confined to other purpose.
Hebrew Influences and Self-Identity in the Judeo-Georgian Language and in the Caucasus “Mountain of Tongues”
Authors: Nesher S.
Published: November 2020

The Caucasus region has been called the “Mountain of Tongues”. History writers from Herodotus, 2,500 years ago, until present time have given different numbers of languages, e.g. the Greek geographer and historian Strabo (64 BCE- 21 CE) claimed more than 70 tribes speaking different languages, Pliny stated that the Romans used 130 interpreters when trading. At present more than 50 languages are spoken in the Caucasus (Catford 1977: 283). Hebrew is the ancient original language for all the twelve tribes of Israel, also after the division of the Land of Israel in 927 BCE into the Northern Kingdom, Israel, with ten of the tribes and the Southern Kingdom, Juda, with two tribes. The Israelites got exiled by the Assyrian Kings, e.g. Shalmaneser in 722 BCE. These ten tribes soon lost their language and identity. The southern tribes, Juda, got exiled by the Babylonian Nebuchadnezzar, between 606-586 BCE, who destroyed the Temple in Jerusalem (586 BCE).
Written Sources from Ancient Albanian-Georgian Communications (Sagdukht - Princess Rani and Queen of Kartli)
Authors: Chelidze V.
Published: November 2020

National-cultural and religious disappearance of the Christian countries of the Caucasus (Albania, Iberia, Armenia) from the V century was threatened by Persia. "Kartlis Tskhovreba" (History of Georgia) tells in detail about these acute and dramatic historical events. Historical writings from a later period show one feature of this region. The references to Rani (Aran) as Persia ("Mirian... called from Persia his relative, a descendant of kings, named Peroz") and the inhabitants of this country as Persians ("in Ran, wherever the Persians fought") should not be taken literally. In Georgian historical works, the terms "Persia" and" Persian " in addition to Persia and Persians also meant countries and peoples of the Near and Middle East-Arabs, Turks, and others: "Sultan Arfasaran came out, king of P e R s I I" (Leonti Mroveli, Life of kings); "P e R s I d s K I e s u l t a n s, far and near" ("Chronicle of the times of lash Giorgi", life of king Giorgi); "the Georgians entered the castle, and there was a strong battle, and p e R s s B a g d a d a were defeated" (Chronicle of the century). This situation is due to the fact that the entire territory to the East of the Caucasus for centuries belonged to and was ruled by the Persian Empire of the Achaemenid, Arshakid and Sasanian eras (much later the Arab Caliphate and then the Turkish Sultanate appeared on the historical scene). In Georgian historical texts, in particular in the chronicle "Life of the kings" by Leonti Mroveli, a logical geographical description is given about this – "Persians from the East of the sun". According to Georgian historical data, these peoples also include Albanians who lived to the East of the Georgians. One of the most notable historical events is an extensive episode of romantic love in the life of an Albanian Princess, the daughter of the ruler of Rani (Aran) Barzaboda and a thorough historical account of the dramatic state activities of the Queen of Kartli (Iberia), mother of the great Georgian king Vakhtang Gorgasal-S a g d u x t.
Outdated Vocabulary in the Rutul Language
Authors: Makhmudova S.M.
Published: November 2020

In natural languages, development is noted according to the same laws, no matter how large or small in the number of speakers the language may be. Archaization or the transition of vocabulary to a passive layer is a law common to all languages, depending on the process of development of society itself and going in parallel with it. Our work demonstrates the process of transition of active vocabulary into a passive layer in the minority Rutul language. The outdated vocabulary of the Rutul language has not been the subject of special analysis in the scientific literature, while such layers of vocabulary as livestock vocabulary and borrowed vocabulary, Proverbs, sayings, riddles, phraseology have received some consideration [Huseynova, 1988; Kuliyeva, 2008; Makhmudova, 2014; 2016; Suleymanova, 2018, etc.]. Meanwhile, the passive vocabulary in the language is a significant amount, since the ancient language was subject to changes due to political, economic, social, and cultural changes that occurred in the society that speaks this language.
Probióticos no Controle da Pré-diabetes e Diabetes tipo 2
Authors: Barros Yasmin Carla de , Sivieri Katia , Giselle Aparecida Nobre Costa
Published: November 2020

Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), o Diabetes Mellitus (DM), é uma doença grave e crônica, que ocorre quando o pâncreas não produz insulina suficiente, ou quando o corpo não é capaz de utilizar efetivamente a insulina produzida. A pré-diabetes pode ser observada em uma classe de indivíduos nos quais há um aumento dos níveis de glicose no sangue acima do normal e abaixo do diagnóstico de DM. Dados da Federação Internacional do Diabetes (IDF) e da Associação Americana de Diabetes (ADA) têm apontado para um grande aumento da prevalência da pré-diabetes e consequentemente de DM no mundo. Esse aumento da prevalência do diabetes está associado a diversos fatores, principalmente a fatores nutricionais, sedentarismo e a obesidade/sobrepeso. Esses distúrbios metabólicos são caracterizados por resistência à insulina e deficiência da mesma. Estudos indicam que a microbiota intestinal desempenha um importante papel na fisiopatologia da obesidade e consequentemente da pré-diabetes através de seus efeitos sobre o controle do peso corporal, balanço energético e inflamação. Neste contexto, a ingestão de probióticos vem mostrando efeitos positivos na modulação da microbiota intestinal e consequente controle da pré-diabetes e diabetes.

Palavras-chave: Diabetes. Pré-diabetes. Obesidade. Microbiota intestinal.
Estrategias de aprendizaje en el taller interdisciplinar de arquitectura
Authors: Martín-Gutiérrez Emilio , Estévez-Cimadevila Javier , Otero-Chans Dolores , Vázquez-Rodríguez José Antonio
Published: November 2020

El artículo muestra una experiencia de adaptación metodológica de una materia técnica en el contexto de una titulación de Arquitectura. Se plantean diferentes iniciativas para promover un aprendizaje significativo y el logro de determinadas competencias. Se analiza la técnica de aprendizaje en taller, y se describe su actual configuración en la titulación de grado de la Universidad de A Coruña. Se pretende ligar así el aprendizaje de estructuras, proyectos, urbanismo y construcción, de forma que el alumno desarrolle en el marco del taller un proyecto de arquitectura común a todas las materias bajo un enfoque global y unitario. Se plantean reflexiones sobre la dinámica del taller y el uso del portafolio, incorporado para fomentar la competencia reflexiva, la autoevaluación del discente, la valoración de los procesos. Una encuesta final muestra una valoración muy positiva del alumnado, así como la necesidad de mejorar las estrategias de coordinación entre áreas.
EFFECT OF CLOVE OIL ON THE BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF OVOTESTIS AND HEPATOPANCREAS OF Achatina fulica
Authors:   School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D.Y. Patil Deemed to be University, Sector 15, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, 400614, India, Parvate Yadnya A. , Parvate Yadnya A. ,   School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D.Y. Patil Deemed to be University, Sector 15, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, 400614, India
Published: November 2020

The giant African snail Achatina fulica is widespread across the subtropical and tropical countries and has picked up the global pest status. Its voracious feeding capacity and protandrous reproduction makes it almost invincible once established. Measures to combat its menace have for long focussed on chemical molluscicides. However the rising environmental sensitivity in the past few decades has attracted the use of natural compounds to target this pest. The current study was aimed to evaluate the impact of clove oil on the biochemical profile of its ovotestis and hepatopancreas. The snails were randomly divided into three groups i.e., control, vehicle treated group (1% Tween 80) and clove oil treated group. Snails in the clove oil treated group were subjected to subacute doses of clove oil (20% and 60% of LD50 value/24 hrs) by topical application. The activity levels of vital enzymes namely acetylcholinesterase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, protease and lactic dehydrogenase were pertinently altered in the ovotestis and hepatopancreas of the clove oil treated snails as compared to the control. Contents of important biomolecules like DNA, RNA, protein, and phospholipids were reduced, the level of lipid peroxidation was significantly enhanced with a concomitant decrease in glutathione content in clove oil treated groups vis-a-vis control in both the tissues studied, highlighting the toxic effect of clove oil to the snail. Thus it is suggested that clove oil can be used in controlling the population of this harmful pest.
TARGETING SPIKE PROTEIN OF SARS-COV-2 FOR DEVELOPMENT OF COVID-19 VACCINES AND THERAPEUTICS
Authors:   Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, Tanuj G. N. , S. Anandu ,   Division of Veterinary Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sharun Khan ,   Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India., Dhama Kuldeep ,   Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: November 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in the sea-food market of Wuhan, China which and later declared as a pandemic. The novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19 was later given the name severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to its close similarity with SARS-CoV. The entry of the virus is mediated through the interaction of spike glycoprotein with the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The Spike protein plays a pivotal role in SARS-CoV-2 infection as it is required for both receptor binding and viral fusion, hence the key target for neutralizing antibodies. Owing to its important role, Spike protein stands as the prime target for developing vaccines and therapeutics. The S glycoprotein carries the receptor-binding domain and the major B cell and T cell epitopes, which indicate that it is a potential target for vaccines and therapeutics. Several candidate vaccines have already entered into the clinical trials. The commonly employed vaccine platforms for COVID-19 include subunit, virus-like particles (VLPs), DNA, RNA, and viral vector-based platforms. The majority of these vaccine candidates target the Spike glycoprotein to elicit an efficient immune response. The safety profile and clinical efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines that are currently under trials are quite reassuring, but it is still way ahead from attaining commercial utility. In this review, we have highlighted the recent advances in S protein-based vaccine and anti-viral platforms along with their importance in prophylaxis and control of COVID-19.
Promoting health equity through the built environment in Duluth, MN: External Resources and Local Evolution Toward Health in All Policies
Authors: Korfmacher Katrina
Published: November 2020

Communities, professionals, and researchers recognize that environmental factors contribute to the health inequities experienced by vulnerable populations in the U.S.  These environmental health injustices persist despite well-developed systems for both public health and environmental protection. The root cause of these issues is often “siloed” decision-making by separate health and environmental institutions. Health Impact Assessment (HIA) can be an important tool for bridging these silos to promote health equity at the local level. This raises the question: how can external resources best support local initiatives? This paper examines the interaction between national, state, and non-governmental efforts to promote HIA and local actions to promote healthy and equitable built environment in Duluth, MN. A wide range of local activities in Duluth aimed to alter the long term trends, decision processes, and institutions shaping its built environment. These included integrating health in brownfield redevelopment, local land use plans, food access, and transportation decisions. Technical and financial support from external groups played a key role in developing the community’s capacity to promote health equity across public, private, and non-profit organizations. These multiple streams of action culminated in the mayor’s declaration in 2016 that health and fairness would be adopted as key goals of the city’s new Comprehensive Plan. How did such innovative efforts thrive in a small, post-industrial city with limited resources?  Duluth’s experiences provide insight into how external governmental, funding, academic, and non-profit entities can more effectively, efficiently, and equitably support the evolution of local initiatives
Electric Scooters (e-scooters): Assessing the Threat to Public Health and Safety in Setting Policies: Assessing e-scooter policies
Authors: Comer Amber , Apathy Nate , Waite Carly , Bestmann Zoe , Bradshaw Jacob , Burchfield Emily , Harmon Brittany , Legg Rebekah , Meyer Star , O’Brien Patrick , Sabec Micha , Sayeed Jami , Weaver Alexis , D’Cruz Lynn , Bartlett Stephanie , Marchand McKenzi , Zepeda Isabel , Endri Katelyn , Finnell John T. , Grannis Shaun , Silverman Ross D. , Embi Peter J.
Published: November 2020

Objective: To determine self-reported incidences of health and safety hazards among persons who ride rentable electric scooters (e-scooters), knowledge of e-scooter laws, and attitudes and perceptions of the health and safety of e-scooter usage.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey of n= 561 e-scooter riders and non-riders was conducted during June of 2019.
Results: Almost half of respondents (44%) report that e-scooters pose a threat to the health and safety of riders. Riders and non-riders disagree regarding the hazards that e-scooters pose to pedestrians. Among riders, 15% report crashing or falling off an e-scooter. Only 2.5% of e-scooter riders self-report that they always wear a helmet while riding.
Conclusions: E-scooter riders report substantial rates of harmful behavior and injuries. Knowledge of e-scooter laws is limited, and e-scooters introduce threats to the health and safety of riders, pedestrians on sidewalks, and automobile drivers. Enhanced public health interventions are needed to educate about potential health risks and laws associated with e-scooter use and to ensure health in all policies. Additionally, greater consideration should be given to public health, safety, and injury prevention when passing relevant state and local e-scooter laws.
Physical Activity in the Workplace – Making the Healthy Choice the Easy Choice
Authors: Hadfield Jaclyn , Kennedy-Armbruster Carol , Huber Lesa , Middlestadt Susan
Published: November 2020

Background: Engaging in physical activity in the workplace is important to address to combat the negative health outcomes associated with physical inactivity and prolonged sitting.Aim: This study aims to identify efforts that increase light neuromotor physical activity in university workplaces for sedentary employees.Methods: Sub-study 1 examined 15 intervention employees and 10 control employees. MANOVA was used to examine average number of days employees did three movements at work between groups over an eight-week period. Sub-study 2 examined 56 employees and measured three beliefs towards employee intention to do the movements at work. A linear regression examined the significance of the beliefs in predicting employee intention.Results: MANOVA results showed a significant effect between groups on the average number of days employees did three movements over an eight-week period of time, F (3, 21) = 3.16; p < .05. The adjusted R-squared predicting intention from the three beliefs was .343 (p < .001). Participants' belief in how 'easy' doing the movements would be significantly predicted intention scores (β= .467; p < .001) as did the 'popular' belief (β = .371; p < .01). Conclusion: Worksite group physical activity programs can increase the frequency employees get up and move at work. Employee beliefs of how easy or popular a behavior is can significantly predict intention to do neuromotor movements in workplaces.
Evaluating the Use of Monetary Incentive in Text-Delivered Sexually Transmitted Infection Education
Authors: Townsend Haley Franklin , Johnson Paige
Published: November 2020

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported increases in chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis from 2016 to 2017 despite numerous testing and education programs. In addition, young adults are at an increased risk of STIs.Aim: To describe the effectiveness of monetary incentives provided to college females for engaging with automated mobile messaging delivered education over the course of six weeks concerning sexually transmitted infections (STIs).Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted at a large Southeastern, public university in the United States. One hundred and fifty-six female college students (18-24 years in age) participated in a mobile messaging and marketing automation platform delivered once a week for six weeks. Engagement with weekly education was measured by clicks on educational content.Results: Out of the six messages, χ2 analysis revealed that paid participants were more likely to engage with the STI education in weeks two, four, five, and six. In this study, simple linear regression ANOVA confirmed that compensation was the main extrinsic motivator for engagement rather than other factors, such as the delivery method.Conclusions: Monetary incentive can increase engagement with STI education in college females while mobile messaging also has the potential.