bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying the EU Green Taxonomy Principles in Order to Preserve Biodiversity, In Particular Wild Sturgeon Populations
Authors: György Deák , Matei Stelian , Sadîca Isabela , Monica M. , Mădălina Boboc , Laslo Lucian , Holban Elena , Cucu George
Published: November 2024

The three wild anadromous sturgeon species currently present in the Black Sea and Lower Danube are in a critically endangered state. Their population has been consistently declining due to a combination of various factors, both caused by human activity and natural phenomena. These factors include unsustainable exploitation and poaching, hydro-technical projects aimed at improving navigation, water management, and energy production, pollution of essential habitats, and climate change. The EU Green Taxonomy is an essential framework that facilitates collaboration between researchers, communities, and the government to protect natural ecosystems and conserve biodiversity while promoting a sustainable and balanced socioeconomic environment. INCDPM Bucharest has developed a research agenda for environmental protection and biodiversity conservation based on the six main principles of the Green Taxonomy. This agenda focuses on 7 core themes that address the highest priorities in these areas and provide future scientific directions to achieve these goals.
Danube anadromous sturgeons male to female ratio research in the context of solutions development that address the discontinuity of their historical migration routes due to hydrotechnical constructions
Authors: Deák G. , Tudor Georgeta , Sadîca I. , Holban Elena , Matei Monica , Mădălina Boboc , Raischi Marius
Published: November 2024

Historical migration routes for anadromous sturgeons in the Danube River have been interrupted by transversal structures for hydropower use, from which the Iron Gates hydropower system represents the first significant barrier upstream Danube from the Black Sea. For the implementation of DALIA project, funded by Horizon Europe, the National Institute for Research and Development in Environmental Protection Bucharest (INCDPM) carries out research and innovation activities that aim to provide a sustainable solution for ultrasonic tagged sturgeons to by-pass upstream and downstream the hydropower dams. The spatial and temporal parameters recorded during April 2024 for the behavior of 7 male and 2 female ultrasonic tagged sturgeon specimens was analyzed and incorporated in a decisional matrix that provided the value 4 to 1 for the male to female ratio. This result is taken into account in the design for the by-pass solutions to be implemented for the dams that will provide the restoration of the historical multisecular migration route for ultrasonic tagged sturgeon species.
The Accuracy Verification of Recent Global Geopotential Model based on GNSS/Levelling Data on Ground Control Points in Johor
Authors: Qi Lee Z. , Yazid Nornajihah Mohammad , Sebastian Joshua Mickail Anak , Zaki Ahmad Hakimi Mohd , Din Ami Hassan Md , Pa’suya Muhammad Faiz
Published: November 2024

The external gravitational field of the Earth is mathematically represented using spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients in the global geopotential model. Hence, the appropriate global geopotential model for a region needs to determine a reference surface that refers to geoid heights specific for coastal erosion, flood and many more. The aim of this study is to estimate the best global geopotential model model in Johor region which is selected based on satellite only and combined model for the years 2018 until 2022. Next, the global geopotential models are verified with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) levelling data based on root mean square deviation (RMSE) value in Johor region near coastal area. The findings found that EIGEN-GRGS.RL04. MEAN_FIELD has the lowest RMSE values that represent the highest accuracy with 0.1911m than the other models in their respective categories and represent the best adjustment model. In conclusion, the global geopotential model (GGM) is the most suitable used as a reference for future studies in Johor region from the satellite-only model of EIGEN-GRGS.RL04. MEAN_FIELD with the degree and order 300 compared to other models.
Advances in Beehive Monitoring Systems: Low-Cost Integrating Sensor Technology for Improved Apiculture Management
Authors: Hunor Bartos , Bodor Zsolt , Keresztesi Ágnes , Gârbacea George , György Deak , Monica Matei , Laslo Lucian , Boboc Madalina , Elena H. , Szép Róbert
Published: November 2024

The integration of monitoring systems in beekeeping has significant implications for the health and sustainability of honeybee colonies. These advanced systems, which include sensors for temperature, humidity, hive weight, and sound analysis, allow for real-time tracking of hive conditions, enabling beekeepers to respond promptly to potential threats such as disease, pests, or environmental stressors. Research shows that such technology can lead to improved colony management, reducing the incidence of colony collapse disorder (CCD) by facilitating early intervention. Additionally, continuous data collection helps in identifying patterns and anomalies in hive behavior, contributing to a better understanding of bee biology and environmental interactions. However, the effectiveness of these systems depends on the accuracy of the data collected and the beekeeper’s ability to interpret and act upon this information. Moreover, while monitoring systems have the potential to enhance colony health, there are concerns about the cost, accessibility, and the need for technical expertise, which could limit widespread adoption among smallscale beekeepers. Overall, the use of monitoring systems in beehives represents a promising tool for enhancing bee colony health, though its success will rely on overcoming the challenges of implementation and ensuring that beekeepers can utilize the data effectively to support their colonies.
POFA-PET Concrete as an Ionizing Radiation Shielding - Preliminary Review
Authors: Ramli Nurain Najwa , Othman Siti Amira
Published: November 2024

PET and POFA are added to the concrete mixture as part of the suggested method because of their high silica content, and POFA has the potential to be a radiation attenuator. Conversely, a famous plastic called PET has good mechanical qualities and can improve the ability of concrete to shield. The ideal ratios of POFA and PET in the concrete mixture take radiation attenuation efficiency, water absorption, and compressive strength into account. The results have the potential to completely transform the gamma-ray shielding area by providing industries in need of strong radiation protection with an affordable and long-lasting solution. This paper discusses a prior project’s investigation based on the review and properties. These are based on prior research on the physical characteristics of POFA-PET-incorporated concrete mixers for shielding gamma rays.
Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Water Quality in Relation to Tourism and Human Activities at Kenyir Lake, Terengganu
Authors: Hassan Nurul Husna , Rahman Norshahida , Zawawi Mohd Hafiz , Hayana D.
Published: November 2024

This study assesses the impact of tourism and human activities on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and water quality at Kenyir Lake, Terengganu. Kenyir Lake, a tourist destination in Malaysia, faces environmental challenges due to increased anthropogenic activities. The research quantifies GHG emissions from various sources such as forest land management, land conversion to flooded areas, aquaculture, domestic wastewater, and solid waste disposal using IPCC guidelines. The total GHG emissions from these activities amounted to 151,527 tCO2-eq/year, highlighting the substantial contribution of tourism and human activities to climate change. Water quality was evaluated through the analysis of parameters including Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), ammonia nitrogen (NH3N), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN). Samples were collected from resorts, houseboats, aquaculture farms, and parks during wet and dry seasons. The findings indicate that houseboat areas significantly contribute to high levels of BOD (up to 8.73 mg/l), COD (up to 69.23 mg/l), TSS (up to 303.39 mg/l), and NH3-N (up to 2.64 mg/l), with seasonal variations reflecting the influence of runoff and water volume on pollutant concentrations. These results underscore the need for effective pollution control and sustainable tourism practices to preserve Kenyir Lake’s ecological balance and reduce its GHG footprint.
Assessing Soil Erosion Dynamics in the Bekabad district, Uzbekistan: A Remote Sensing Approach Integrating the RUSLE Model and Google Earth Engine
Authors: Ibragimov Orif , Inamov Begzod , Alimakhamatova Shakhnoza
Published: November 2024

Soil erosion is a critical environmental issue affecting agricultural productivity and sustainability globally. In the Bekabad district of Uzbekistan, soil erosion, primarily driven by wind and water, poses significant threats to the fertility and stability of agricultural lands. This study employs the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) framework to map and evaluate soil erosion dynamics in Bekabad district over a three-year period (2016-2018). By integrating diverse datasets, including CHIRPS precipitation data, OpenLandMap soil properties, SRTM Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, Sentinel-2 optical imagery, and MODIS land cover data, we conducted a comprehensive spatial and temporal analysis of soil erosion. The results reveal an overall increase in moderate and slight soil erosion classes, underscoring the dynamic nature of soil erosion processes in the district. These findings highlight the necessity for continuous monitoring and the implementation of effective soil conservation measures, such as vegetative cover, terracing, and contour farming, to mitigate erosion impacts and preserve soil resources.
Comparison of vegetation indices obtained by drone and satellite
Authors: Gati Balázs
Published: November 2024

Monitoring a crop field with high spatial and temporal resolution with traditional methods is a time and resource consuming activity. Multispectral drone and Sentinel 2 imagery were performed with a temporal resolution of appx. one week in a time frame of 69 days before harvesting in case of a triticale field in Central-Europe subject of organic farming. Results show impressive correlation in the chosen vegetation index (NDVI) in the last month before harvesting. Spatial correlation seems to be a function of the soil characteristic.
Assessing the impact of Water Resource Development: The Case of Dhidhessa River Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Dawit Teweldebrihan Meseret , Olumana Dinla Megersa
Published: November 2024

Freshwater scarcity is becoming more of a concern as populations grow and economic demands increase. The Dhidhessa River, a critical source for the Abbay River basin, is under pressure. This study looked at how water resource development projects and changes in water flow impact the basin. Water flow was simulated using WEAP model (software), which took into account various water sources and needs. The study also looked at crop water requirements and the level of flow alteration. Future water demand scenarios were created. The first, scenario considered population growth, with projections indicating that unmet water demand would increase significantly by 2050. The second scenario focused on irrigation expansion, which resulted in a significant increase in unmet water demand. These findings demonstrate the impact of both population growth and water resource development for irrigation activities. The study further investigated how flow alterations affect the river. While most months saw little change, a particular section near Dembi was discovered to be more vulnerable. Remarkably, allocating water specifically for environmental needs, in addition to human demands, resulted in a decrease in unmet water demand. This suggests that prioritizing environmental flow management is critical for long-term water use in the Dhidhessa River basin.
Creating of the experience of designing irrigation channels using the Global Mapper software
Authors: Avilova Nilufar
Published: November 2024

Creating systems supported by information technologies are now integral to nearly every field of engineering and construction. In the design of hydrotechnical structures, selecting the software package that best meets specific project requirements is crucial. A key priority is ensuring that these tools not only fulfill technical needs but also contribute to achieving self- sufficiency in design processes. This study aims to demonstrate the application of Geographic Information System (GIS) programs in the design of hydrotechnical structures, highlighting their potential to enhance both efficiency and effectiveness. By integrating GIS technology into the design process, engineers can optimize project planning, improve accuracy in modeling and analysis, and ultimately achieve significant economic benefits. The adoption of GIS in hydrotechnical design offers a more streamlined approach to managing spatial data, enabling better decision- making and resource management. This integration not only improves the quality of designs but also helps in reducing costs and increasing productivity. As the engineering and construction industries continue to evolve, the use of advanced GIS tools in hydrotechnical projects is becoming increasingly essential for achieving optimal outcomes and ensuring long- term sustainability.
Geophysical research on a landslide-prone slope in the vicinity of the village of Ayusay in the Republic of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Mirmakhmudov Erkin , Abzhaparova Dinara , Tashbaltaeva Shaarkan , Mamadaminova Bakhtigul , Xakimova Maxruya
Published: November 2024

This article presents geophysical studies in the area of the village of Ayusay. The impact of landslides on the economy, climate and ecology of the region is described. Geophysical and topographic surveys for protecting the region from landslides and mudflows are presented. The physical and geographical characteristics of the study area are described. A topographic survey was performed with a Trimble M3 tacheometer at a scale of 1:1000 with a relief section of 1.0 m. The results of geodetic measurements were processed in the standard CREDO software. Tectonic changes over time are analyzed. Physical and geological phenomena and processes with the formation of cracks are studied in detail. The hydrographic network is described, which is represented by the Ayusay Creek and its lateral components.To control the dynamics of slope masses along the studied section of the slope, marks and benchmarks are installed. A set of measures to prevent or reduce the risk of landslides is presented.
Features of the construction of canals in half-cut-half-fill
Authors: Bakiev Masharif , Kulumbetov Bakhodir , Yakubov Kuvonchbek , Djabbarova Shakhnoza , Vafoeva Ozoda , Kurbonov Shaydobek
Published: November 2024

This study examines the construction features of the Bustan Canal in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, designed with a half-cut-half-fill method to optimize water supply and drainage capabilities. Given the region’s high groundwater levels, canals were constructed in trenches, serving dual purposes of irrigation and open drainage to mitigate flooding risks. The primary goal was to enhance the canal’s efficiency coefficient to 0.85 by applying concrete lining to its slopes and bed, transitioning from mechanical to gravity irrigation sourced from the Tuyamuyun Reservoir on the Amu Darya River. The study highlights the advantages of using excavated soil for embankment construction, which significantly reduces transportation costs. Physical properties and granulometric composition of the soils were analyzed in accredited laboratories, confirming optimal compaction densities between 1.72 g/cm³ and 1.77 g/cm³ at moisture contents ranging from 17% to 20%. The findings underscore the importance of this canal system in supporting agriculture over an area of 100,000 hectares, enhancing water management practices in Southern Karakalpakstan.
Integration of Geospatial Technologies in Geology: Opening New Economic Horizons
Authors: Alimova D.B. , Khudayarov B.A. , Nazarov X. , Komilova K. , Turaev F. , Yusupov E.
Published: November 2024

This article examines the impact of technological innovation on the geological sphere and its impact on economic processes. The study analyzed articles published in recent years on the impact of technological innovation on the geological industry and its impact on the economy. Geographic information systems have been found to play a critical role in geological activities. The study confirmed that the use of geographic information systems reduces the time and costs of geological research, and also increases the accuracy of the data obtained. In addition, another significant aspect of digitalization of the geological industry was studied, namely the use of Earth remote sensing methods. The introduction of digital technologies into the geological field has been shown to bring significant economic benefits. The Koraozek and Tebinbulak iron ore deposits in the Republic of Karakalpakstan are shown using remote sensing techniques. In general, the use of remote sensing of the Earth is a powerful tool for geological research, providing geologists with access to extensive and accurate information about the state of the Earth’s surface and its resources. This method plays an important role in modern geology, contributing to a more effective and accurate study of our planet and its resources.
Evaluating directional scale elasticity in the RAM model with undesirable outputs: an application in the horticultural industry
Authors: Xu Tong , Kazemi Matin Reza , Mirjaberi Mahdi
Published: November 2024

This paper advances the concept of scale elasticity by examining the impact of directional input changes on both desirable and undesirable outputs. We integrate two disposability concepts into a unified measure within the Range Adjusted Measure (RAM) model, enabling the computation of both directional scale elasticity and directional scale damage. This approach allows for a comprehensive analysis of scale effects in the presence of undesirable outputs. Grounded in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), our research enhances the understanding of managing undesirable outputs while accounting for directional scale changes, offering significant implications for both performance improvement and environmental sustainability. The paper includes theoretical foundations, numerical examples to illustrate the methodologies, and an empirical application in the Iranian horticulture industry, demonstrating the effectiveness and adaptability of our approach.
Réalités spéculées : images-artefacts générées par IA et opportunités d’individuation en conception architecturale
Authors: Bigot-Doll Eglantine
Published: November 2024

Cette recherche présente des expérimentations autour de générations d’images par IA. Elle tente de disséquer les mécanismes et les apports de tels artefacts en situation de conception architecturale, et notamment en situation pédagogique. En premier lieu, il s’agit de déconstruire les critiques éthiques et déontologiques adressées aux IA afin d’en saisir les enjeux épistémologiques, esthétiques et techniques pour la conception. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous intéresserons aux mécanismes impliqués par cette délégation de l’idéation à une intelligence dite artificielle en termes de verbalisation, condensation d’une intention plastique et figurative par fusion formes lexicales et picturales évacuant le fond. La fiction et l’échantillonnage en tant que possibles protocoles d’individuation et de rationalisation seront alors abordés. Enfin, la notion d’étrangeté en tant que composante de cet hyper-réalisme intrinsèque aux images d’IA sera convoquée sous un éclairage théorique et philosophique.
Vers une autre pratique architecturale à l’ère numérique : les technologies (RV), (RA) en tant qu’ agent spatiales dans le processus de conception architecturale
Authors: Bakour Fatah , Chougui Ali
Published: November 2024

L’essor des technologies de conception numérique, telles que la réalité virtuelle (RV) et la réalité augmentée (RA), a profondément transformé le domaine de l’architecture, rendant le processus de conception plus interactif et impliquant divers acteurs, notamment les architectes, ingénieurs, entrepreneurs et clients. Ce passage à un processus de collaboration active a redéfini les relations entre ces acteurs/actants, passant d’une interaction linéaire à une relation ontologique influencée par l’agentivité des objets technologiques. Ces objets sont désormais des éléments centraux du processus, modifiant la manière dont les parties prenantes envisagent la conception architecturale. En intégrant l’agentivité spatiale, cette étude propose un cadre dynamique et réactif qui enrichit la conception et la réalisation de l’environnement bâti. Elle vise à définir et analyser le rôle des objets technologiques au sein des réseaux sociotechniques de la conception architecturale, à l’aide de la méthode de cartographie des controverses, fondée sur la théorie de l’acteur-réseau (TAR) de Bruno Latour. Les résultats révèlent que l’agentivité des objets technologiques, dans le contexte numérique, favorise un dialogue en temps réel et à boucles multiples. Les conclusions et le cadre méthodologique présentés offrent une référence stratégique pour les architectes dans l’élaboration de processus de conception innovants et collaboratifs.
Maquette virtuelle cognitive. Entre espace de représentation et espace de conception
Authors: Elhouda Ghribi Nour , Dhouib Beya , Dhouib Mounir , Claeys Damien
Published: November 2024

L’expansion du numérique a provoqué la mutation du mode de représentation traditionnel de l’architecture vers la maquette virtuelle. D’un côté, l’aptitude du modèle architecturologique de Boudon à intégrer les nouvelles technologies est questionnée. Si la maquette virtuelle sert d’interface entre le matériel et l’immatériel, reste-elle un simple outil de représentation ? De l’autre, l’architecturologie systémique de Dhouib propose le concept de maquette virtuelle cognitive qui intègre les processus génératifs de la forme. L’intelligence naturelle associée à l’intelligence artificielle, dans son sens le plus large relatif aux artefacts, élève-t-elle la maquette virtuelle vers un niveau cognitif d’abstraction ? Cet article propose une étude épistémologique visant à situer la maquette virtuelle par rapport à ces deux postures architecturologiques.
The Immunohistochemical and Bioinformatics Analysis of the Placental
Expressions of Vascular Cell Adhesion Protein 1 (VCAM-1) and High Mobility Group
Box 1 (HMGB1) Proteins in Gestational Diabetic Mothers
Authors: Oğlak Süleyman Cemil , Aşır Fırat , Yılmaz Emine Zeynep , Bolluk Gökhan , Korak Tuğcan , Ağaçayak Elif
Published: November 2024

Objective  We aimed to examine both the expression levels of high mobility
group box 1 (HMGB1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) proteins in
the placentas of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and
control groups by immunohistochemical (IHC) method.

Material and methods  An experimental case-control study was conducted,
including 40 pregnant women complicated with GDM and 40 healthy pregnant women.
Placental tissues obtained following cesarean delivery were subjected to routine
tissue monitoring. The placental sections were stained with VCAM-1 and HMGB1
immunostains and subjected to IHC examination under a light microscope. H-score
(HS) was used to evaluate the results of IHC staining by semi-quantitative
analysis. Pathway analysis in Cytoscape software identified GDM-associated
proteins within HMGB1 and VCAM-1 interaction networks, followed by GO analysis
to explore associated biological processes.

Results  Placental HGMB1 expression was significantly increased in the GDM
group compared to the control group (p<0.001). However, placental VCAM-1
expression was found to be statistically similar in GDM and control groups
(p=0.584). The shared 19 proteins were identified between HMGB1 and GDM, and 13
between VCAM-1 and GDM, with notable GO biological process terms such as immune
system activation for HMGB1 and interleukin-6 regulation for VCAM-1 associated
with GDM.

Conclusion  We consider that GDM-related inflammation and oxidative stress
may contribute to tissue damage and inflammation by increasing placental HMGB1
expression. The blockade of HMGB1 and its receptors might represent a promising
therapeutic approach to control inflammation in GDM. Understanding the distinct
roles of HMGB1 and VCAM-1 may provide valuable insights for the development of
targeted therapies aimed at mitigating the inflammatory processes associated
with GDM and improving maternal and fetal outcomes.
Reevaluating the energy cost in locomotion: quadrupedal vs. bipedal
walking in humans
Authors: Xu Rui , Bao Riqiang , Hu Yixiang , Gao Chong , Guo Yuhan , Zhu Yashu , Hu Yuanyuan , Ning Guang , Wang Weiqing , Pan Shijia
Published: November 2024

This study examines the energy expenditure and physiological responses associated
with short-term quadrupedal locomotion compared to bipedal walking in humans. It
aims to support evolutionary theory and explore quadrupedal locomotionʼs
potential for enhancing fitness and health. In a randomized crossover design, 12
participants performed quadrupedal and bipedal walking on a treadmill at
identical speeds. Physiological responses, including energy expenditure,
carbohydrate oxidation rates, respiratory rate, and heart rate, were measured
during both forms of locomotion. Quadrupedal walking significantly increased
total energy expenditure by 4.15 Kcal/min [95% CI, 3.11 – 5.19 Kcal/min], due to
a rise in carbohydrate oxidation of 1.70 g/min [95% CI, 1.02 – 2.24 g/min]. It
also increased respiratory and heart rates, indicating higher metabolic demands.
The exercise mainly activated upper limb muscles and the gluteus maximus in the
lower limbs. Ten minutes of quadrupedal walking at the same speed as bipedal
walking resulted in a 254.48% increase in energy consumption. This simple form
of locomotion offers a strategy for enhancing physical activity, and supports
the idea that energy optimization influenced the evolution of efficient bipedal
locomotion.
Gene Commonality in Arterial Circuits Throughout the Body
Authors: Harling Lisa C. , Zafar Mohammad A. , Ziganshin Bulat , Elefteriades John A.
Published: November 2024

The common genetic underpinnings of thoracic aortic aneurysms and aneurysms and dissections of several other major arterial circuits have been described in the literature. These include thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms, thoracic and intracranial aneurysms, thoracic aortic aneurysms, and spontaneous coronary artery dissections. In this study, we provide a unified report of these observations and investigate any genetic commonality between the above four arterial circulations.
Nasoseptal Flap Reuse for Reconstruction in Revision Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Grafmiller Kevin T. , Kosaraju Nikitha , Miller Jessa E. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Lee Jivianne K. , Bergsneider Marvin , Wang Marilene B.
Published: November 2024

Introduction The nasoseptal flap (NSF) is the “workhorse” for reconstruction in endoscopic skull base surgery. It creates a reliable, watertight closure to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. The flap's robust vascular pedicle allows for it to be taken down and reused in subsequent reconstructive surgeries if needed. Previous literature has demonstrated successful reuse of the flap up to 24 months after initial surgery. The present study analyzes a cohort of patients with NSFs that were reused up to 12 years following the initial surgery.

Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent revision endoscopic skull base surgery for recurrent tumor at a tertiary academic skull base center. Patient demographics, tumor type, length of time between first and second surgery, and outcomes were evaluated.

Results A total of 15 patients were identified between 2012 and 2022 who underwent revision endoscopic skull base surgery with previous NSFs that were reused for reconstruction. The time interval between surgeries ranged from 9 months to 12 years. There were 12 pituitary adenomas, 2 Rathke's cleft cysts, and 1 craniopharyngioma. One patient developed a CSF leak 5 days postoperatively, which was repaired with an abdominal fat graft, synthetic dural substitute, and a middle turbinate flap. The operative technique for the take-down and reuse of the NSF will be demonstrated.

Conclusion The NSF can be taken down and reused in revision endoscopic skull base cases, even several years after the initial surgery, with excellent coverage of the defect and low incidence of postoperative CSF leak.
Superior forecasting with simple AR(1) models in a low-volatility environment: evidence from the CAT bond market
Authors: Gürtler Marc , Witowski Eileen
Published: November 2024

In the recent literature on asset pricing, advanced machine learning methods often show better predictive quality than simple linear regression models. In this context, machine learning prediction models for bond premiums are usually based on those predictors that have proved to be particularly relevant in explanatory models. However, these models do not take into account that historical premiums of assets with particularly low premium volatilities already contain a high degree of information about future premiums. With this in mind, we consider catastrophe bonds, whose secondary market premiums exhibit low volatility, and include historical premiums in our forecasting models in addition to the usual predictors. In this way, the predictive accuracy of the linear regression is significantly increased and is comparable to that of advanced machine learning methods. Remarkably, a simple linear AR(1) model without additional predictors achieves the highest predictive performance.
Modeling hydrodynamic properties of oyster reefs
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: November 2024

Understanding how the shape and size of oyster reefs affect pore pressure and wave transmission can help guide efforts to build coastal barriers.
Electronic and transport properties of Ti3C2O2-based strain sensor: A DFT-NEGF study
Authors: Weng Kaiyi , Dai Yawen , Li Neng
Published: November 2024

MXenes used as strain sensing materials have recently roused extensive interest due to their two-dimensional structures and outstanding electric properties. However, theoretical analysis from a quantum perspective is relatively scarce, which may hinder the development of this emerging field. Based on density functional theory with non-equilibrium Green’s function, we explored the structure, electronic, and transport properties of Ti3C2O2 with and without biaxial strains. The Ti3C2O2 monolayer remained stable under 5% biaxial strain. The structures and electronic properties of Ti3C2O2 showed gradual evolutions tuned by strain. Moreover, we studied the intrinsic device properties by constructing two-probe devices. The current of the 5% biaxially strained device increased by about 80% compared with the unstrained device. Given the results mentioned earlier, the Ti3C2O2-based nanodevices have the prospect of being strain sensors.
A comparative study of the performance of new ridge estimators for multicollinearity: Insights from simulation and real data application
Authors: Akhtar Nadeem , Alharthi Muteb Faraj
Published: November 2024

This paper addresses the challenge of multicollinearity in regression models, a condition that inflates the standard errors of coefficients, leading to unreliable estimates and wider confidence intervals. Multicollinearity, characterized by high intercorrelations among independent variables, undermines model accuracy by increasing the variance of the estimated coefficients, making them more sensitive to changes in the data and difficult to interpret. In this paper, we introduce three novel ridge estimators specifically designed to analyze data affected by multicollinearity. These are the Balanced Log Ridge Estimator (BLRE), the Inverse Influence Ridge Estimator (IIRE), and the Adaptive Shrinkage Ridge Estimator (ASRE), all designed to enhance estimation accuracy and stability in the presence of high multicollinearity and noise. Through Monte Carlo simulations and empirical analysis on a highly correlated real dataset, ASRE consistently demonstrates superior performance, achieving the lowest mean squared error compared to existing ridge estimators. The IIRE and BLRE also perform well; however, ASRE proves to be the most robust, especially in extreme scenarios. In contrast, the ordinary least squares estimator performs poorly under these conditions, underscoring the effectiveness of the new estimators. ASRE is recommended for most situations, with IIRE as a reliable alternative, offering significant improvements in handling multicollinearity.
Before the fire: predicting burn severity and potential post-fire debris-flow hazards to conservation populations of the Colorado River Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus)
Authors: Wells Adam G. , Yackulic Charles B. , Kostelnik Jaime , Bock Andy , Zuellig Robert E. , Carlisle Daren M. , Roberts James J. , Rogers Kevin B. , Munson Seth M.
Published: November 2024

Background Colorado River Cutthroat Trout (CRCT; Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus) conservation populations may be at risk from wildfire and post-fire debris flows hazards. Aim To predict burn severity and potential post-fire debris flow hazard classifications to CRCT conservation populations before wildfires occur. Methods We used remote sensing, spatial analyses, and machine learning to model 28 wildfire incidents (2016–2020) and spatially predict burn severity from pre-wildfire environmental factors to evaluate the likelihood (%) and volume (m3) hazard classification of post-fire debris flow. Key results Burn severity was best predicted by fuels, followed by topography, physical ecosystem conditions, and weather (mean adjusted R2 = 0.54). Predictions of high or moderate burn severity covered 1.1 (15% of study area) and 1.5 (19% of study area) million ha, respectively, and varied by watershed. Combined high or moderate debris flow hazard classification included 80% of stream reaches with conservation populations and 97% of conservation population point nodes. Conclusions Predicted burn severity and potential post-fire debris flow indicated moderate to high hazard for CRCT conservation populations native to the Green and Yampa rivers of the Upper Colorado River Basin. Implications Future management actions can incorporate predicted burn severity and potential post-fire debris flow to mitigate impacts to CRCT and other at-risk resource values before a wildfire occurs.
Influence of fuel data assumptions on wildfire exposure assessment of the built environment
Authors: Forbes Air M. , Beverly Jennifer L.
Published: November 2024

Background Land cover information is routinely used to represent fuel conditions in wildfire hazard, risk and exposure assessments. Readily available land cover data options that vary in resolution, extent, cost and purpose of collection have become increasingly accessible in recent years. Aim This study investigates the sensitivity of community-scale wildfire exposure assessments to different land cover information products used to identify hazardous fuel. Methods Ten versions of a community wildfire exposure assessment were conducted for each of five case study locations in Alberta, Canada, by varying the input land cover data. Proportional and spatial distribution of hazardous fuels and classified exposure are compared across datasets and communities. Key results We found proportional and spatial variation of exposure values between datasets within each community, but the nature of this variation differed between communities. Land cover classification definitions and scale were important factors that led to inconsistencies in assessment results. Conclusions Readily available land cover information products may not be suitable for exposure assessments at a localised scale without consideration of unique context and local knowledge of the assessment area. Implications Results may inform fuel data selection considerations for improved results in various wildfire applications at localised scales.
Neural dynamics of shifting attention between perception and working-memory contents
Authors: Gresch Daniela , Boettcher Sage E. P. , Gohil Chetan , van Ede Freek , Nobre Anna C.
Published: November 2024

In everyday tasks, our focus of attention shifts seamlessly between contents in the sensory environment and internal memory representations. Yet, research has mainly considered external and internal attention in isolation. We used magnetoencephalography to compare the neural dynamics of shifting attention to visual contents within vs. between the external and internal domains. Participants performed a combined perception and working-memory task in which two sequential cues guided attention to upcoming (external) or memorized (internal) sensory information. Critically, the second cue could redirect attention to visual content within the same or alternative domain as the first cue. Multivariate decoding unveiled distinct patterns of human brain activity when shifting attention within vs. between domains. Brain activity distinguishing within- from between-domain shifts was broadly distributed and highly dynamic. Intriguingly, crossing domains did not invoke an additional stage prior to shifting attention. Alpha lateralization, a canonical marker of shifting spatial attention, showed no delay when cues redirected attention to the same vs. alternative domain. Instead, evidence suggested that neural states associated with a given domain linger and influence subsequent shifts of attention within vs. between domains. Our findings provide critical insights into the neural dynamics that govern attentional shifts between perception and working memory.
Signs of prehistoric language shifts involving Unangam Tunuu (Aleut)
Authors: Berge Anna
Published: November 2024

Unangam Tunuu (UT) underwent several periods of prehistoric contact with neighbouring languages. However,
no specific period or mechanism of contact between the Unangan and other peoples has been proposed. In this paper, my aim is
to better define and date the various types of language contact and/or shift that UT appears to have undergone since its
divergence from Proto-Eskaleut, including linguistic and archaeological evidence for (a) early lexical replacement, (b)
language bilingualism between Na-Dene and UT, leading to shared grammatical features, and (c) late Alutiiq influence on UT and
the possible replacement of UT in currently Alutiiq areas.
Solving Galton’s problem
Authors: Bromham Lindell
Published: November 2024

Comparisons between languages can illuminate processes of language change by revealing meaningful
associations between language features or the influence of external factors on the patterns and rates of language change. But
comparisons between languages raise statistical challenges, because close relatives will tend to be more similar to each
other, compared with more distantly related languages, and languages from the same areas will be subject to many of the same
influences. Therefore, observations made on different languages will usually fail to meet the requirement of statistical
independence inherent in standard statistical testing. This fundamental challenge of cross-cultural analysis, known as
Galton’s problem, is no cause for despair because there are a range of workable solutions using widely available data. This
paper discusses a range of practical solutions, including phylogenetic analysis, sister pair comparisons, and spatially
structured models, that can be applied to analyses of language variation and change.
Re-examining initial geminates
Authors: Burroni Francesco , Maspong Sireemas
Published: November 2024

We present a typology of the diachronic pathways leading to the emergence of Initial Geminates (IGs). We
show that synchronic phonological properties of IGs, especially their moraic status, may be tied to the diachronic trajectory
that leads to their emergence. This is expected if we follow an evolutionary approach to phonology, Evolutionary Phonology
(EP). We further discuss potential alternatives and limitations to this scenario and introduce a series of testable
predictions for future instrumental work on the topic. We complete our discussion with two cases studies of Pattani Malay and
Salentino, the latter based on an original acoustic pilot study. We argue that these two languages show that lexical
competition alone is not enough to predict the IGs’ resistance to merger contra previous accounts proposed in
the framework of EP. We suggest that lexical competition needs to be better quantified and that other factors need to be taken
into account if we are to understand the multifaceted synchronic realisation and evolution of IGs.
Iconicity principles from an evolutionary perspective
Authors: Gaeta Livio
Published: November 2024

Much discussion has been devoted to the role of iconic coding, especially with regards to its relevance for
explaining morphological change over other synchronic factors such as economy, frequency, and the like. In this chapter, I
will reverse the perspective and focus on diachrony as a source of the rise of iconic coding. This is not meant to deny the
relevance of the synchronic perspective, but the stress on diachrony may help us understand that a number of phenomena can be
structurally accounted for, i.e., these phenomena are the way they are, because of their origin from earlier structural
environments.
Something out of nothing
Authors: Joseph Brian D. , Ralli Angela
Published: November 2024

This paper challenges predictions made within the grammaticalisation framework about what can happen to
grammatical material over time. We present two case studies — one from Greek and one from Sanskrit — which demonstrate that
claims regarding the origin of grammatical material are too narrow, and that a broader view needs to be taken. We argue that
(i) grammatical material can originate in ways other than the downgrading of lexical items; (ii) grammatical change does not
unidirectionally move “down” the cline from less tightly bound to more tightly bound; movement “up” the cline is possible too;
and (iii) if we focus just on one type of movement involving grammatical material — from less to more dependent — we can miss
interesting types of grammatical change.
Gramática y pronunciación
Authors: Gracia Antonio Orta
Published: November 2024

En este capítulo analizamos el valor marcadamente significativo que comparten la gramática y la
pronunciación de manera integrada, atendiendo a su relevancia comunicativa y a su importancia como objetivos de
aprendizaje. Si bien es necesario aislar ambas partes en una primera fase de análisis para conocer sus propiedades
internas, en el discurso oral se dan de manera indisolublemente integrada. Exploramos estos caminos bajo la
perspectiva de la teoría de la complejidad y la reflexión de la propia experiencia docente. Para ello, mostramos
ejemplos de buenas prácticas docentes que se centran en la enseñanza de aspectos gramaticales atendiendo al componente
prosódico para descubrir los verdaderos significados prototípicos. El capítulo concluye señalando la necesidad de
favorecer nuevas líneas de investigación que inciden en la conformación de una fonética cognitiva.
Developing pragmatics in Spanish as an additional language
Authors: Baills Florence , Esteve-Gibert Núria
Published: November 2024

This chapter delves into the crucial role of pronunciation, particularly prosody, in shaping
meaning and fostering the development of pragmatics in Spanish as an additional language (ELE). Effective
communication not only relies on the literal content of verbal messages, but it also heavily depends on the
appropriate use of oral and non-verbal cues that enrich it. We first explain how speakers employ multimodal strategies
such as speech prosody and body movements to optimise their oral discourse and successfully convey their communicative
intentions. Then we propose to focus on the integration of speech prosody and body movements into pronunciation
instruction and provide illustrations of how to achieve this when teaching speech acts, discourse and information
structure in ELE.
De la comprensión auditiva a la pronunciación
Authors: Marrero-Aguiar Victoria
Published: November 2024

En este capítulo nos ocupamos tanto del papel de la enseñanza / aprendizaje de la pronunciación a
partir de la comprensión auditiva como de la percepción multimodal. Tras el esbozo de unas bases conceptuales sobre la
comprensión auditiva y el procesamiento del habla, presentamos brevemente los principales modelos teóricos y los cinco
principios de investigación basada en la evidencia que, en nuestra opinión, sustentan un buen diseño curricular de la
pronunciación. Finalizamos con una propuesta práctica, ejemplificada en los contrastes de las consonantes líquidas en
español, que parte de la percepción: actividades contextualizadas, rentables, significativas y lúdicas, en progresión
de lo simple a lo complejo, de lo general a lo particular, teniendo en cuenta el carácter multimodal del habla y su
dimensión corporeizada.
El desarrollo de la competencia prosódica en el marco de tareas de mediación lingüística
Authors: Sánchez Cuadrado Adolfo
Published: November 2024

La mediación, como modo de comunicación y actividad comunicativa de la lengua, puede resultar útil
para el desarrollo del control fonológico y, en particular, de la entonación. Habida cuenta de la escasa conciencia
metalingüística que los hablantes con una competencia en desarrollo suelen poseer sobre la entonación, esta puede ser
origen de numerosos malentendidos o problemas de comunicación. El entrenamiento de los aprendientes en tareas de
mediación que tengan por objeto facilitar la comprensión mutua en la construcción conjunta de conocimiento y minimizar
el impacto socioafectivo de los enunciados puede ayudar a dominar los sutiles resortes implicados en este rasgo
prosódico. En relación con estos presupuestos, se plantean aquí algunos criterios pedagógicos relativos tanto a la
realización de tareas de aprendizaje como al desarrollo de instrumentos de evaluación en escenarios de mediación
aplicados al aprendizaje de español como lengua adicional y, en concreto, de la entonación como recurso significante
en la realización de determinados actos de habla mediante esquemas oracionales interrogativos.
La enseñanza de la pronunciación basada en el desarrollo de la conciencia fonológica y la metacognición
Authors: Blanco Canales Ana
Published: November 2024

Este capítulo aborda la enseñanza de la pronunciación vinculada al desarrollo de la conciencia
fonológica, propuesta que implica un aprendizaje focalizado y consciente. El enfoque de las estrategias de aprendizaje
ofrece el marco didáctico adecuado para hacerlo posible. Nuestro objetivo es proporcionar a los docentes algunas
directrices teóricas, metodológicas y aplicadas con las que puedan diseñar propuestas para entrenar a los/las
aprendices en la reflexión e indagación fónicas. En la primera parte, planteamos cómo contribuye la conciencia
fonológica a la mejora de la pronunciación. A continuación, nos centramos en la conceptualización, clasificación y
desarrollo didáctico de las estrategias de aprendizaje, lo que da paso al apartado de propuestas y sugerencias para el
aula. Finalizamos con una reflexión sobre posibles líneas de investigación.