bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β mediates high glucose-induced ubiquitination and proteasome degradation of insulin receptor substrate 1
Authors: Leng Sanhua , Zhang Wenshuo , Zheng Yanbin , Liberman Ziva , Rhodes Christopher J , Eldar-Finkelman Hagit , Sun Xiao Jian
Published: May 2010

High glucose (HG) has been shown to induce insulin resistance in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon is unknown. Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are the key signaling molecules that mediate insulin's intracellular actions. Genetic and biological studies have shown that reductions in IRS1 and/or IRS2 protein levels are associated with insulin resistance. In this study we have shown that proteasome degradation of IRS1, but not of IRS2, is involved in HG-induced insulin resistance in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as well as in primary hepatocytes. To further investigate the molecular mechanism by which HG induces insulin resistance, we examined various molecular candidates with respect to their involvement in the reduction in IRS1 protein levels. In contrast to the insulin-induced degradation of IRS1, HG-induced degradation of IRS1 did not require IR signaling or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt activity. We have identified glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β or GSK3B as listed in the MGI Database) as a kinase required for HG-induced serine332 phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of IRS1. Overexpression of IRS1 with mutation of serine332 to alanine partially prevents HG-induced IRS1 degradation. Furthermore, overexpression of constitutively active GSK3β was sufficient to induce IRS1 degradation. Our data reveal the molecular mechanism of HG-induced insulin resistance, and support the notion that activation of GSK3β contributes to the induction of insulin resistance via phosphorylation of IRS1, triggering the ubiquitination and degradation of IRS1.
Ceramide-induced cell death/survival in murine osteoblasts
Authors: Hill P A , Tumber A
Published: May 2010

Programmed cell death (PCD) or apoptosis is a naturally occurring cell suicide pathway induced in a variety of cell types. We determined whether ceramide treatment contributes to reduced cell viability and increased PCD in primary osteoblasts and the signalling pathways that are involved. Cell viability was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiozol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. We found that C2-ceramide (≤10−7 M) promoted osteoblast viability, whilst concentrations ≥2×10−6 M significantly reduced osteoblast viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The effect of ceramide on cell viability was specific since C2-dihydroceramide had no effect. Increasing intracellular ceramide levels with either sphingomyelinase (SMase) or an inhibitor of ceramide metabolism also increased osteoblast apoptosis. Ceramide-induced PCD in osteoblasts was determined by nuclear appearance and DNA fragmentation. PCD was induced by both C2-ceramide and SMase. The ability of ceramide (5×10−8 M) to promote osteoblast survival was prevented by a general protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor and by a PKC ζ inhibitor, whilst osteoblast survival was enhanced in the presence of a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) inhibitor. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors had no effect on osteoblast survival. The ability of ceramide (5×10−5 M) to induce apoptosis was prevented by the inhibitors of PP1 and PKC δ, whilst the general PKC and PI3K inhibitors had no effect on it. Our findings suggest that ceramide signals osteoblast survival and apoptosis through different intracellular pathways, and that alteration in the intracellular levels of ceramide may play an important role in bone remodelling.
SimSmoke Model Evaluation of the Effect of Tobacco Control Policies in Korea: The Unknown Success Story
Authors: Levy David T. , Cho Sung-il , Kim Young-Mee , Park Susan , Suh Mee-Kyung , Kam Sin
Published: May 2010

Objectives. We evaluated the effect of strict tobacco control policies, implemented beginning in 1995 in the Republic of Korea, on smoking prevalence and deaths.

Methods. SimSmoke is a simulation model of the effect of tobacco control policies over time on smoking initiation and cessation. It uses standard attribution methods to estimate lives saved as a result of new policies. After validating the model against smoking prevalence, we used it to determine the Korean policies' effect on smoking prevalence.

Results. The model predicted smoking prevalence accurately between 1995 and 2006. We estimated that 70% of the 24% relative reduction in smoking rates over that period was attributable to tobacco control policies, mainly tax increases and a strong media campaign, and that the policies will prolong 104 812 male lives by the year 2027.

Conclusions. Our results document Korea's success in reducing smoking prevalence and prolonging lives, which may serve as an example for other Asian nations. Further improvements may be possible with higher taxes and more comprehensive smoke-free laws, cessation policies, advertising restrictions, and health warnings.
Global Tobacco Control Diffusion: The Case of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
Authors: Wipfli Heather L. , Fujimoto Kayo , Valente Thomas W.
Published: May 2010

Objectives. We analyzed demographic and social network variables associated with the timing of ratification of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC).

Methods. We compiled a 2-mode data set that recorded country participation in FCTC negotiations, as well as the number of individuals per country per year who joined an online tobacco control network. We used logistic regression analysis of these 2 data sets along with geographic location to determine whether exposure to prior FCTC adoptions was associated with a country's likelihood of adoption.

Results. In the logistic regression analysis, higher income and more nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) involved in the Framework Convention Alliance (a network dedicated to the FCTC) were associated with being among the earliest adopters (for income, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.55; for NGOs, AOR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.26, 2.17) or among early adopters (for income, AOR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.09, 1.84; for NGOs, AOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.45). Network exposure and event history analysis showed that in addition to income, the likelihood of adoption increased with increasing affiliation exposure to FCTC adopters through GLOBALink (an online network facilitating communication between tobacco control advocates).

Conclusions. Public health programs should include a plan for creating opportunities for network interaction; otherwise, adoption and diffusion will be delayed and the investments in public health policy greatly diminished.
The Social Context of Adolescent Smoking: A Systems Perspective
Authors: Lakon Cynthia M. , Hipp John R. , Timberlake David S.
Published: May 2010

We used a systems science perspective to examine adolescents' personal networks, school networks, and neighborhoods as a system through which emotional support and peer influence flow, and we sought to determine whether these flows affected past-month smoking at 2 time points, 1994–1995 and 1996. To test relationships, we employed structural equation modeling and used public-use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 6504). Personal network properties affected past-month smoking at both time points via the flow of emotional support. We observed a feedback loop from personal network properties to emotional support and then to past-month smoking. Past-month smoking at time 1 fed back to positively affect in-degree centrality (i.e., popularity). Findings suggest that networks and neighborhoods in this system positively affected past-month smoking via flows of emotional support.
The “We Card” Program: Tobacco Industry “Youth Smoking Prevention” as Industry Self-Preservation
Authors: Apollonio Dorie E. , Malone Ruth E.
Published: May 2010

The “We Card” program is the most ubiquitous tobacco industry “youth smoking prevention” program in the United States, and its retailer materials have been copied in other countries. The program's effectiveness has been questioned, but no previous studies have examined its development, goals, and uses from the tobacco industry's perspective.

On the basis of our analysis of tobacco industry documents released under the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement, we concluded that the We Card program was undertaken for 2 primary purposes: to improve the tobacco industry's image and to reduce regulation and the enforcement of existing laws. Policymakers should be cautious about accepting industry self-regulation at face value, both because it redounds to the industry's benefit and because it is ineffective.
The “Father of Stress” Meets “Big Tobacco”: Hans Selye and the Tobacco Industry
Authors: Petticrew Mark P. , Lee Kelley
Published: May 2010

The concept of stress remains prominent in public health and owes much to the work of Hans Selye (1907–1982), the “father of stress.” One of his main allies in this work has never been discussed as such: the tobacco industry.

After an analysis of tobacco industry documents, we found that Selye received extensive tobacco industry funding and that his research on stress and health was used in litigation to defend the industry's interests and argue against a causal role for smoking in coronary heart disease and cancer.

These findings have implications for assessing the scientific integrity of certain areas of stress research and for understanding corporate influences on public health research, including research on the social determinants of health.
Clean Indoor Air Ordinance Coverage in the Appalachian Region of the United States
Authors: Ferketich Amy K. , Liber Alex , Pennell Michael , Nealy Darren , Hammer Jana , Berman Micah
Published: May 2010

Objectives. We sought to quantitatively examine the pattern of, and socioeconomic factors associated with, adoption of clean indoor air ordinances in Appalachia.

Methods. We collected and reviewed clean indoor air ordinances in Appalachian communities in 6 states and rated the ordinances for completeness of coverage in workplaces, restaurants, and bars. Additionally, we computed a strength score to measure coverage in 7 locations. We fit mixed-effects models to determine whether the presence of a comprehensive ordinance and the ordinance strength were related to community socioeconomic disadvantage.

Results. Of the 332 communities included in the analysis, fewer than 20% had adopted a comprehensive workplace, restaurant, or bar ordinance. Most ordinances were weak, achieving on average only 43% of the total possible points. Communities with a higher unemployment rate were less likely and those with a higher education level were more likely to have a strong ordinance.

Conclusions. The majority of residents in these communities are not protected from secondhand smoke. Efforts to pass strong statewide clean indoor air laws should take priority over local initiatives in these states.
Hospital Admissions for Acute Myocardial Infarction, Angina, Stroke, and Asthma After Implementation of Arizona's Comprehensive Statewide Smoking Ban
Authors: Herman Patricia M. , Walsh Michele E.
Published: May 2010

Objectives. We examined the impact of Arizona's May 2007 comprehensive statewide smoking ban on hospital admissions for diagnoses for which there is evidence of a causal relationship with secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure (acute myocardial infarction [AMI], angina, stroke, and asthma).

Methods. We compared monthly hospital admissions from January 2004 through May 2008 for these primary diagnoses and 4 diagnoses not associated with SHS (appendicitis, kidney stones, acute cholecystitis, and ulcers) for Arizona counties with preexisting county or municipal smoking bans and counties with no previous bans. We attributed reductions in admissions to the statewide ban if they occurred only in diagnoses associated with SHS and if they were larger in counties with no previous bans. We analyzed the data with Poisson regressions, controlling for seasonality and admissions trends. We also estimated cost savings.

Results. Statistically significant reductions in hospital admissions were seen for AMI, angina, stroke, and asthma in counties with no previous bans over what was seen in counties with previous bans. No ban variable coefficients were statistically significant for diagnoses not associated with SHS.

Conclusions. Arizona's statewide smoking ban decreased hospital admissions for AMI, stroke, asthma, and angina.
The Unmet Health Care Needs of Homeless Adults: A National Study
Authors: Baggett Travis P. , O'Connell James J. , Singer Daniel E. , Rigotti Nancy A.
Published: May 2010

Objectives. We assessed the prevalence and predictors of past-year unmet needs for 5 types of health care services in a national sample of homeless adults.

Methods. We analyzed data from 966 adult respondents to the 2003 Health Care for the Homeless User Survey, a sample representing more than 436 000 individuals nationally. Using multivariable logistic regression, we determined the independent predictors of each type of unmet need.

Results. Seventy-three percent of the respondents reported at least one unmet health need, including an inability to obtain needed medical or surgical care (32%), prescription medications (36%), mental health care (21%), eyeglasses (41%), and dental care (41%). In multivariable analyses, significant predictors of unmet needs included food insufficiency, out-of-home placement as a minor, vision impairment, and lack of health insurance. Individuals who had been employed in the past year were more likely than those who had not to be uninsured and to have unmet needs for medical care and prescription medications.

Conclusions. This national sample of homeless adults reported substantial unmet needs for multiple types of health care. Expansion of health insurance may improve health care access for homeless adults, but addressing the unique challenges inherent to homelessness will also be required.
Policy Support, Norms, and Secondhand Smoke Exposure Before and After Implementation of a Comprehensive Smoke-Free Law in Mexico City
Authors: Thrasher James F. , Pérez-Hernández Rosaura , Swayampakala Kamala , Arillo-Santillán Edna , Bottai Matteo
Published: May 2010

Objectives. We assessed attitudes and beliefs about smoke-free laws, compliance, and secondhand smoke exposure before and after implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free law in Mexico City.

Methods. Trends and odds of change in attitudes and beliefs were analyzed across 3 representative surveys of Mexico City inhabitants: before implementation of the policy (n = 800), 4 months after implementation (n = 961), and 8 months after implementation (n = 761).

Results. Results indicated high and increasing support for 100% smoke-free policies, although support did not increase for smoke-free bars. Agreement that such policies improved health and reinforced rights was high before policy implementation and increased thereafter. Social unacceptability of smoking increased substantially, although 25% of nonsmokers and 50% of smokers agreed with smokers' rights to smoke in public places at the final survey wave. Secondhand smoke exposure declined generally as well as in venues covered by the law, although compliance was incomplete, especially in bars.

Conclusions. Comprehensive smoke-free legislation in Mexico City has been relatively successful, with changes in perceptions and behavior consistent with those revealed by studies conducted in high-income countries. Normative changes may prime populations for additional tobacco control interventions.
Tobacco Cessation via Public Dental Clinics: Results of a Randomized Trial
Authors: Gordon Judith S. , Andrews Judy A. , Albert David A. , Crews Karen M. , Payne Thomas J. , Severson Herbert H.
Published: May 2010

Objectives. We sought to compare the effectiveness of a dental practitioner advice and brief counseling intervention to quit tobacco use versus usual care for patients in community health centers on tobacco cessation, reduction in tobacco use, number of quit attempts, and change in readiness to quit.

Methods. We randomized 14 federally funded community health center dental clinics that serve diverse racial/ethnic groups in 3 states (Mississippi, New York, and Oregon) to the intervention (brief advice and assistance, including nicotine replacement therapy) or usual care group.

Results. We enrolled 2549 smokers. Participants in the intervention group reported significantly higher abstinence rates at the 7.5-month follow-up, for both point prevalence (F1,12 = 6.84; P < .05) and prolonged abstinence (F1,12 = 14.62; P < .01) than did those in the usual care group.

Conclusions. The results of our study suggest the viability and effectiveness of tobacco cessation services delivered to low-income smokers via their dental health care practitioner in community health centers. Tobacco cessation services delivered in public dental clinics have the potential to improve the health and well-being of millions of Americans.
Systems Analysis of Collaboration in 5 National Tobacco Control Networks
Authors: Luke Douglas A. , Harris Jenine K. , Shelton Sarah , Allen Peg , Carothers Bobbi J. , Mueller Nancy B.
Published: May 2010

Objectives. We studied 5 members of the National Network Consortium on Tobacco Control in Priority Populations. These networks, which consist of governmental and nongovernmental organizations, targeted lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons; Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders; American Indians and Alaska Natives; African Americans; and persons with low socioeconomic status, respectively.

Methods. We used statistical network analysis modeling to examine collaboration among these national networks in 2007.

Results. Network size and composition varied, but all 5 networks had extensive interorganizational collaboration. Location and work area were significant predictors of collaboration among network members in all 5 networks. Organizations were more likely to collaborate with their network's lead agency; collaborations with other agencies were more likely if they were geographically close. Collaboration was perceived to be important for achieving the goals of the national network.

Conclusions. The similarity of collaboration patterns across the 5 networks suggests common underlying partnership formation processes. Statistical network modeling promises to be a useful tool for understanding how public health systems such as networks and coalitions can be used to improve the nation's health.
Can Scientists Regulate the Publication of Dual Use Research?
Authors: Resnik David B
Published: May 2010

The growing threat of the misuse of science and technology for terrorist or criminal purposes has led scientists, institutions, professional organizations, funding agencies, journals, and governments to consider how best to control research that can be readily used to cause significant harm to public health, the economy, the environment, or national security, also known as dual use research. This commentary argues that scientists can regulate dual use research, provided that they are committed to developing effective dual use policies and a culture of shared responsibility.
Shared mental models as moderators of team process-performance relationships
Authors: Zhou Ying , Wang Erping
Published: May 2010

The effects of shared mental models on the relationship between episodic team behavioral processes and performance were investigated, while teams were using an experimentally stimulated construction project planning program. The results indicated that episodic team processes made positive
contributions to the team performance. Furthermore, a hierarchical linear regression indicated that the convergence of shared teamwork mental models moderated the effects of team processes on team performance. Specifically, the positive impact of team processes on performance was found to
be improved for those teams who shared more similar teamwork mental models than for teams who hold fewer similar teamwork mental models. Potential implications and relevant impacts on future research are discussed.
Augmented feedback of experienced and less experienced volleyball coaches: A preliminary investigation
Authors: Bortoli Laura , Bertollo Maurizio , Messina Giovanni , Chiariotti Roberto , Robazza Claudio
Published: May 2010

The purpose of the study was to identify effective coaching communication patterns by contrasting the augmented feedback of experienced and inexperienced coaches. Nine experienced and 9 inexperienced volleyball instructors (4 men and 5 women in each group) were videotaped while coaching
11- to 14-year-old female athletes. Analysis of the videotaped behaviors revealed that, compared to the feedback of inexperienced instructors, the feedback of experienced coaches was more specific, verbal, negatively evaluative, related to previous feedback, and provided more often during
performance. From an applied perspective, our findings can be used to improve coaches' awareness – and the effectiveness – of their interactive skills.
The relationship between personal religious orientation and emotional intelligence
Authors: Liu Chung-Chu
Published: May 2010

Many researchers agree that an individual's religious orientation has a significant impact on personal attitudes and behaviors. The main purpose in this study was to investigate the relationship between personal religious orientation and emotional intelligence. A total of 497 valid
copies out of 600 distributed questionnaires were collected from students and employees and were used to test the conceptual framework. It was found that intrinsic religious orientation has a significant positive correlation with emotional intelligence, but extrinsic religious orientation
has a negative correlation with emotional intelligence. The theoretical and practical implications of religious orientation and emotional intelligence are discussed for both academics and practitioners.
How to say sorry: Increasing revisit intention through effective service recovery in theme parks
Authors: Lai Cheng-Neng , Yu Tai-Kuei , Kuo Jui-Kun
Published: May 2010

Theme parks are an important sector within the tourism industry which has grown dramatically. Service quality has become a focus for achieving satisfaction and revisit intention. In this study we sought to examine tourists' perception of service recovery following a service complaint
and how that related to their intention to revisit the theme park. The theory of planned behavior formed the foundation of a framework of revisit intention. Data were collected using questionnaires from tourists post complaint in Taiwan's largest theme park. The data were analyzed using structural
equation modeling. The results show that interactive fairness, attitude, and subjective norms all influenced revisit intention.
Gender-related differences in moral imagination
Authors: Yurtsever Gülçimen
Published: May 2010

In this study gender-related differences in moral imagination were examined. Data were obtained from 241 employees at a bank in Ankara, Turkey. The participants were lower- and middle-level managers, head economist, and workers at the head office. According to t test results,
there were differences between females and males in the moral imagination scale and subscales (Yurtsever, 2006). The mean of moral imagination and its subscales for females was higher than that for males. Implications for business practice are discussed.
Analysis of communication skill and interpersonal problem solving in preschool trainees
Authors: Arslan Emel
Published: May 2010

The purpose in this study was to investigate the communication skill and interpersonal problem solving skill of preschool teacher trainees. The participants were 453 (420 female and 33 male) preschool teacher trainees. Data were collected using the Interpersonal Problem Solving Inventory
(Çam & Tümkaya, 2007), and the Communication Skills Evaluation Scale (Korkut, 1996). It was found that there was a negative relationship between communication skill and approaching problems in a negative way and lack of self confidence, and a positive relationship between communication
skill, constructive problem solving, and an insistent-persevering approach. It was also found that constructive problem solving, lack of self-confidence, and an insistent-persevering approach explain communication skill.
Individual difference and job performance: the relationships among personal factors, job characteristics, flow experience, and service quality
Authors: Kuo Tsung-Hsien , Ho Li-An
Published: May 2010

The aim in this study was to investigate the effect of 3 personal factors of gender, length of employment, and meditation experience on employee perceptions of job characteristics (JC), flow experience (FE), and service quality (SQ). Customer service personnel in 20 technological companies
(N = 341) in Taiwan were surveyed. The results show that: (i) length of employment has a significantly positive influence on JC and SQ; (ii) where there is meditation experience this has a significantly positive effect on FE and SQ; (iii) JC has a direct and significant impact on FE
and SQ; and (iv) FE has a direct and significant influences on SQ. The findings provide useful information for managers to enhance service through the adoption of appropriate employee retention, and job design strategies, and meditation training, to facilitate the experience of flow in everyday
work life.
The effects of the REAP reading comprehension technique on students' success
Authors: Tasdemir Mehmet
Published: May 2010

In this study written materials such as school textbooks were used to find out if the Read, Encode, Annotate, and Ponder (REAP) technique can create a significant difference in learning success compared to the classical method. A pretest-posttest equivalent control group research model
was used. The study sample was composed of 59 students enrolled in an elementary school teacher-training program in 2008-2009 fall term. Data were obtained qualitatively. According to findings, students' learning success levels were significantly higher in the group in which REAP techniques
were used, compared to the classical method group.
Sturm-Picone comparison theorem for matrix systems on time scales
Authors: Anderson Douglas , Graef John
Published: May 2010

A well-known Picone identity is extended and generalized to second-order dynamic matrix equations on arbitrary time scales. A comparison theorem is obtained in the spirit of the classical Sturm-Picone comparison theorem that extends known scalar results to matrix equations that include the linear homogeneous and inhomogeneous cases, and nonlinear unperturbed and perturbed cases.
In Vitro Secondary Caries Inhibition by Adhesive Systems in Enamel Around Composite Restorations
Authors: Pinto C. F. , Paes-Leme A. F. , Ambrosano G. M. B. , Giannini M.
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance

The ability of the adhesive system to inhibit secondary caries was similar among the materials tested, according to the enamel mineral content around restorations.
Microleakage in Class II Restorations: Open vs Closed Centripetal Build-up Technique
Authors: Fabianelli A. , Sgarr A. , Goracci C. , Cantoro A. , Pollington S. , Ferrari M.
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance

Use of the centripetal open-sandwich technique may allow for placement of a Class II resin composite restoration with better marginal adaptation, fewer voids and reduced microleakage than the closed sandwich technique.
Amalgam Repair: Quantitative Evaluation of Amalgam-resin and Resin-tooth Interfaces with Different Surface Treatments
Authors: Çehreli S. B. , Arhun N. , Celik C.
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance

Repairing defective amalgam restorations with resin composite offers a minimally invasive solution compared to replacement; etch&rinse adhesive systems are suggested to reduce microleakage.
Influence of Carbamide Peroxide on the Flexural Strength of Tooth-colored Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Study at Different Environmental Temperatures
Authors: Yu H. , Li Q. , Lin Y. , Buchalla W. , Wang Y.
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance

The flexural strength of dental materials can be affected by carbamide peroxide. The environmental temperature can be thought to be a factor influencing the bleaching effects on dental materials.
Evaluation of Different Methods of Optical Impression Making on the Marginal Gap of Onlays Created with CEREC 3D
Authors: da Costa J. B. , Pelogia F. , Hagedorn B. , Ferracane J. L.
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance

The marginal gap of ceramic onlays manufactured by Cerec 3D present a similar marginal gap whether the optical impression is taken intraorally using the Cerec powder or extraorally using a stone model.
In Vitro Bond Strengths of Amalgam Added to Existing Amalgams
Authors: Roggenkamp C. L. , Berry F. A. , Lu H.
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance

Freshly mixed amalgam added to existing amalgam restorations as a means of repair and allowed to set completely may be expected to join with nearly original strength, if sufficient condensation time and pressure are used.
In Vitro Assessment of Chemical Activation Efficiency During In-office Dental Bleaching
Authors: Travassos A. C. , Torres C. R. G. , Borges A. B. , Barcellos D. C.
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance

To accelerate the production of free radicals, chemical agents could act by reacting with H2O2, making bleaching faster, more efficient and safer, thus diminishing the possible damaging effects associated with the application of heat sources.
Two-Year Clinical Performance of Clearfil SE and Clearfil S3 in Restoration of Unabraded Non-carious Class V Lesions
Authors: Brackett M. G. , Dib A. , Franco G. , Estrada B. E. , Brackett W. W.
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance

No difference was observed between two adhesives. Instructions for self-etching resins should be more specific for restoration of non-carious Class V lesions, especially regarding air-drying to remove residual solvent.
Facilitators and Barriers to Exercising Among People With Osteoarthritis: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Petursdottir Unnur , Arnadottir Solveig A. , Halldorsdottir Sigridur
Published: May 2010

Background

Evidence indicates that regular exercise improves the well-being of individuals with osteoarthritis (OA). However, these individuals seem to exercise less frequently than the general population and seem to have limited adherence to exercising.

Objectives

The purposes of this study were: (1) to increase knowledge and understanding of the experience of exercising among individuals with OA and (2) to determine what they perceive as facilitators and barriers to exercising.

Design and Method

This study used a qualitative method, based on the Vancouver School of doing phenomenology, involving purposive sampling of 12 individuals and 16 interviews. The participants, 9 women and 3 men, were 50 to 82 years of age.

Results

Extended information on exercise behavior among people with OA is presented in a model in which internal and external facilitators and barriers to exercising are delineated. Based on this model, a checklist is proposed for physical therapists' assessment of these factors. Internal factors include individual attributes and personal experience of exercising, whereas external factors include the social and physical environment. The participants expressed how each of these internal and external factors could act both as a facilitator and a barrier to exercise participation and the pattern of exercising; for example, the presence of pain was an important aspect concerning internal barriers to exercising, whereas the hope of less pain was one of the main facilitators.

Conclusions

Increased knowledge and understanding of the factors influencing exercise behavior in people with OA can help physical therapists and other health care professionals support them in initiating and maintaining a healthy exercise routine and, consequently, achieving a better quality of life.
HyperForm balloon remodeling in the endovascular treatment of anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and anterior communicating artery aneurysms: clinical and angiographic follow-up results in 800 consecutive patients
Authors: Cekirge H. Saruhan , Yavuz Kivilcim , Geyik Serdar , Saatci Isil
Published: May 2010

Object

The purpose of this paper was to present the safety, efficacy, and clinical/angiographic follow-up results of HyperForm balloon-assisted endosaccular coil occlusion of distal anterior circulation bifurcation aneurysms.

Methods

Over a 7-year period, the authors treated 864 middle cerebral artery, distal anterior cerebral artery bifurcation, and anterior communicating artery aneurysms by means of coil embolization with HyperForm balloon assistance in 800 patients. In 37 aneurysms, 2 HyperForm balloons were used simultaneously for remodeling.

Results

The overall mortality rate was 7.1%, including 1.4% procedural mortality. Various neurological deficits were present at discharge in 8.9% of the patients, and 4.4% had permanent disabling morbidity 6 months posttreatment (modified Rankin Scale score ≥ 2). Thromboembolic complications developed during the treatment of 15 aneurysms (1.7%) causing morbidity or mortality in 10 cases (1.3%). There were 14 intraoperative perforations (1.6%). In all 14 cases, the HyperForm balloon saved patients from severe bleeding. The perforation led to morbidity or mortality in 3 cases (0.4%); there were no negative consequences in 11. There were 726 patients with 757 aneurysms (87.6%) available for follow-up. Control angiograms were obtained at 6 months in 386 patients, at 1 year in 267, and at 2 years in 104, revealing an 82% complete obliteration rate according to the most recent follow-up angiograms.

Conclusions

The satisfactory results obtained in this experience demonstrate that HyperForm balloon remodeling provides strong benefits for the endovascular management of middle cerebral, anterior cerebral, and anterior communicating artery aneurysms without increasing the risk of treatment. Not only does this technique allow for the safe treatment of these aneurysms, but it also expands the indications of endovascular treatment to include aneurysms that otherwise cannot be treated with simple coil embolization.
Survey of the h index for all of academic neurosurgery: another power-law phenomenon?
Authors: Spearman Christopher M. , Quigley Madeline J. , Quigley Matthew R. , Wilberger Jack E.
Published: May 2010

Object

The h index is a recently developed bibliometric that assesses an investigator's scientific impact with a single number. It has rapidly gained popularity in the physical and, more recently, medical sciences.

Methods

The h index for all 1120 academic neurosurgeons working at all Electronic Residency Application Service–listed training programs was determined by reference to Google Scholar. A random subset of 100 individuals was investigated in PubMed to determine the total number of publications produced.

Results

The median h index was 9 (range 0–68), with the 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles being 17, 26, and 36, respectively. The h indices increased significantly with increasing academic rank, with the median for instructors, assistant professors, associate professors, and professors being 2, 5, 10, and 19, respectively (p < 0.0001, Kruskal-Wallis; all groups significantly different from each other except the difference between instructor and assistant professor [Conover]). Departmental chairs had a median h index of 22 (range 3–55) and program directors a median of 17 (range 0–62). Plot of the log of the rank versus h index demonstrated a remarkable linear pattern (R2 = 0.995, p < 0.0001), suggesting that this is a power-law relationship.

Conclusions

A survey of the h index for all of academic neurosurgery is presented. Results can be used for benchmark purposes. The distribution of the h index within an academic population is described for the first time and appears related to the ubiquitous power-law distribution.
Neonatal Out Come in High Risk Pregnancy
Authors: Akthar H , Sultana S , Siddique AH
Published: May 2010

A 12 months study was carried out on 226 pregnant high risk patients attending in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from January 2008 to December 2008. The aim of the study was to identify various type of high risk pregnancies and to determine social and educational status as well as new born conditions of birth. Among the 226 recruited patients 69.5% came from rural area. Among the 69.5% rural high risk patients 63.69% were illiterate. Live born baby in this study was 95.13%. In our study neonatal out come was excellent. Excellent out come was attributed to early diagnosis of high risk pregnancy and suitable intervention both by Obstetrician and Paediatrician. DOI: 10.3329/taj.v22i1.5016 TAJ 2009; 22(1): 26-29
Free PSA is a Better Tumor Marker than Serum Total PSA in Diagnosis of Prostatic Carcinoma
Authors: Asafudullah SM , Salam MA , Badruddoza SM , Rahman M Khalilur
Published: May 2010

Estimation of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) has been considered as valuable non-invasive biochemical diagnostic tool for early detection of prostatic carcinoma. This cross sectional purposive study was carried out to compare the performance of serum total PSA and free PSA in terms of their sensitivity, specificity and overall diagnostic accuracy for prostatic carcinoma among clinically suspected cases. This study included a total of fifty (50) DRE (digital rectal examination) positive patients admitted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH) and Private hospitals in Rajshahi city during the period of January, 2006 to January, 2008. Estimation of serum total PSA and free PSA were done by ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) method using commercially available kits and histopathological examination of the surgically resected prostatic tissue was done for laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma for all patients. Diagnostic sensitivities, specificities and overall accuracy of serum total PSA and free PSA were calculated using standard formulae against histopathological diagnosis. Prostatic carcinoma was detected by histopathological examination in 41 cases out of 50 patients with the mean age of 71.2 ± 10.1 years. The sensitivity, specificity and overall diagnostic accuracy of serum total PSA (at cut off value of ≥10 ng/ml) were found to be 80.48%, 88.90% and 82.00% respectively while they were 92.68%, 77.80% and 90.00% respectively for serum percent free PSA (at cut off value of ≤25%). It is inferred that percent free PSA is a better tumor marker than serum total PSA in the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. DOI: 10.3329/taj.v22i1.5017 TAJ 2009; 22(1): 30-35
Demographic Profile of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in Bangladeshi Population
Authors: Khan MM Rahman , Chowdhury MA Jalil , Haque M Zahirul , Chowdhury MM Hoque , Rahman M Khalilur , Rashid MH , Mahmood Iftekhar , Islam QT
Published: May 2010

This was a hospital based study done to see the demographic profile of patients with metabolic syndrome in Bangladesh. A total of 334 patients attending in medicine OPD BSMMU were included in this study. According to modified NCEP ATP III criteria 27.2% of subjects aged ≥ 20 years had the metabolic syndrome and it was more commonly seen in women than in men (32.4% vs 21.7%). The metabolic syndrome increased with age in both sexes (40-49 years age groups 24.2% to 50-59 years age groups 35.2%). The metabolic syndrome was also significantly associated with postmenopausal period, family income, leisure time exercise (<60 min/wk), low physical activity, self reported high intake of carbohydrate diet, presence of family history and past history of components of the metabolic syndrome. DOI: 10.3329/taj.v22i1.5018 TAJ 2009; 22(1): 36-42
Knowledge and Awareness of Rural People About Currently Emerging Disease Bird Flu
Authors: Alam M Jahangir , Ali K Mohammad , Selimuzzaman ABM
Published: May 2010

A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted in a village Gohordo of Gabtoli Upazila, Bogra to assess the knowledge and awareness of people of age above 18 years and above about "bird flu", its modes of transmission and prevention, by an interviewer administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was pretested and data were collected using purposive sampling technique. In this study it was found that out of 418 people, 231(55.26%) were female and the rest 187 (44.74%) were male. Majority of the respondents 226 (54.06%) were in the age group of 20-40 years, followed by 29.19%, 8.85% and7.89% were in the age groups of 40-60,<20 and above>60 years respectively. More than half; 226 (54.06%) of the people heard the term ‘bird flu'; majority of them (95.13%) as a disease. Among 226, 193(85.39) respondents know that the disease may transmit to human population. But only 32, (30%) people think that this disease is transmitted by keeping infected birds & suspected poultry, followed by 19.02% who think that it transmitted by caring & culling poultry. Among the people who heard the name of the disease,95 (42%) people had no knowledge about the signs and symptoms of the disease and only 20.35% respondents knew poultry carrying people and poultry meat eaters as "susceptible groups" getting infection. About 195 (77.43%) people know that this disease is preventable. About 55.31% and 37.16% people think, partially cooked meat and half boiled egg respectively may spread the disease to man. There is a strong association of literacy with the knowledge of the disease (p<0.05). This study will emphasize the proper health education to create awareness of the people for prevention of bird flue. DOI: 10.3329/taj.v22i1.5019 TAJ 2009; 22(1): 54-58
Management Outcome of Infancy and Childhood Intussusception in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital - A Prospective Study
Authors: Nowshad MA , Moshtaque A , Hafizur R
Published: May 2010

Background: Intussusception is one of the major causes of bowel obstruction in infancy and childhood. Proper diagnosis and effective management have significantly reduced its mortality and morbidity in developed country. Aim: To document the mode of presentation and treatment outcome of Intussusception at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. Patients and Methods: Thirty three consecutive cases of this condition seen at paediatric surgical ward over one year period were prospectively studied. Details of symptoms and signs, pre-hospital care, treatment and outcome were documented. Result: The triad of abdominal pain, bloody mucoid stools and palpable abdominal mass was seen in 24 (72%) of the cases. Twenty one (63%) had been admitted and treated with intravenous fluids in peripheral health centre for an average of 3 days before referral to this hospital. Prolonged mean duration of recognizable symptoms of 3 days accounted for a 58% bowel resection rate. Wound infection occurred in 11 (33.3%) and burst abdomen in 07 (21.2%) of cases. Faecal fistulae developed in 02 (06%) and incisional hernia developed in 03 (09%) of the patients. Overall, mortality rate was 09%. Conclusion: the early symptoms of Intussusceptions would seem to be missed by primary health workers, with consequently high morbidity and mortality. There is an urgent need to re- emphasize these symptoms to the first line healthcare providers and parents through public enlightenment campaigns. DOI: 10.3329/taj.v22i1.5020 TAJ 2009; 22(1): 59-63
Nutritional Status Psychiatric Patients Attending OPD at a Selected Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Sadhya Gautam , Selimuzzaman ABM , Islam Rafiqul
Published: May 2010

This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted among the psychiatric patients who had attended at the out patient department of psychiatry in Mitford Hospital Dhaka, with the objective of assessing the nutritional status of psychiatric patients. Mean age of the patients were 34.87 ±12.63 years. Of the total 150 patients, 56% were male and 44% were female. Among the study subjects, 54% were married, 30% unmarried, 10% divorced and 5% were widow. Regarding occupation, 12% of the patients were in service, 8.7% were students and 24.7% were unemployed. Among the psychiatric patients, 42% had schizophrenia, 36.7% were bipolar mood disorder and 21.3% had other type of disorders. BMI of 66.7% patients were normal, 22% below normal and 11.3% were above normal. Among all the patients 71.4% male and 60.6% female were normal by BMI, whereas 11.3% patients were over weight. Among the over weight patients, 6% were male and 18.2% were female. In the present study 22% patients were under weight, where 22.6% were male and 21.2% were female. Nutritional assessment showed 61.9% male patients and 63.64% of female patients had normal MAC. Maximum of patients (72%) were anemic clinically. Again according to marital status 74.1% married and 58% of unmarried patients were found normal by BMI. In the study, 66.7% schizophrenic patients and 65.5% BMD patients were found in normal BMI. DOI: 10.3329/taj.v22i1.5022 TAJ 2009; 22(1): 82-87
Epidemiological Trends of Leprosy in Rajshahi District
Authors: Haque M Azizul , Sharmin L Shamima , Ekram ARM Saifuddin , Mahmood Iftekhar
Published: May 2010

This retrospective study was done in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital using the data from DOTS corner of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. Study period was 2002 to 2008. According to proper clinical evaluation and slit skin smear results, patients were categorized into purely neuritic, tuberculoid, borderline tuberculoid, borderline, borderline lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy. In our study, we have found that number of leprosy cases has decreased substantially after 2004. Average case detection in the study period was 38.5 per year. Age group analysis has shown that no age group is exempted from the disease; quite a few cases have been described in the 1-9 year age group. Borderline tuberculoid (BT) leprosy was found to be the commonest form of leprosy in Rajshahi district. In fact, about 75% of the total leprosy cases were BT. Other forms of leprosy, in decreasing order of frequency, were LL, BL, TT, BB, and PN. Paucibacillary and multibacillary cases were almost equal in number. DOI: 10.3329/taj.v22i1.5025 TAJ 2009; 22(1): 88-92
Treatment of Chronic Refractory ITP with Danazol
Authors: Khan MRZ , Aziz MA , Shah SU , Begum M , Mahmood I , Yunus ABM
Published: May 2010

50 patients of chronic ITP were registered in Hematology Department, BSMMU, Dhaka. During this study period (1 yr.) among 50 patients 30 (60 %) were female & 20 (40%) were male. 56% patients were belong to 21- 40 yrs & 32% were between 15- 20 yrs. In this study 50 patients were selected who are refractory to corticosteroid, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide but none were splenectomized. Patients were above 15 yrs. and have long history of ITP (2 yrs). Out of 50, 48 patients treated with danazol for 12 wks (200- 600mg/day). Patients were followed up on day 7 & 4 wkly up to 12 wks for platelet count, bleeding manifestation & toxicities. Treatment was started to 50 selected patient but 2 patients discontinued the therapy after first dose and remaining 48 patients were completed the therapy. After starting of danazol on day 7, response rate was 79.2% (platelet count raised in 38 patients out of 48 ).On 4th week follow up, 25% (12 patients) achieved (CR) complete remission ( platelet count ≥ 1,50,000/cmm), 62.5% (30 patients) achieved (PR) partial remission( platelet count ≥ 50,000- <1,50,000/cmm) and 6 had no response at all. On 8th week, 7 patients remained in CR (14.6%), 5 in relapsed remained in partial remission. 14.5% (7) patients remained in CR, 10.4% (5) in relapsed remained in partial remission on 12th week. Overall result out of 50 patients (2 excluded who were not attended for follow up & 6 were not responded at all) CR 14.5% (7 patients), PR 72.9% (35 patients).It is cleared from this study & supported by other studies that danazol promptly raised platelets count within 5-10 days with excellent response (79.2%). DOI: 10.3329/taj.v22i1.5026 TAJ 2009; 22(1): 93-96