bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship of hepatitis C risk to hepatitis C test acceptance among adult patients participating in an ED hepatitis C screening programme
Authors: Cowan Ethan , Brandspiegel Samantha , Araki Benjamin , O'Brien-Lambert Clare , Merchant Roland , Buckler David G , Eiting Erick , Calderon Yvette
Published: January 2023

Background

It is possible that adult ED patients consider their hepatitis C virus (HCV) risk factor history when deciding whether to accept HCV screening. To help address this question, we examined whether self-reporting any HCV risk was more common among ED patients who agreed than who declined HCV screening. Among ED patients who agreed to HCV screening, we also assessed if self-reporting any HCV risk was more common among those whose HCV antibody (Ab) and HCV viral load (VL) test results were positive.

Methods

This study was conducted among adult patients ≥18 years old participating in a universal, ED-based HCV screening programme in New York City between 22 January 2019 and 9 April 2020. Participants were surveyed about their HCV risk factors. Differences in the frequencies of self-reporting any HCV risk were compared according to HCV screening acceptance and by HCV Ab and VL status.

Results

Of the 4658 ED patients surveyed, 2846 (61%) accepted and 1812 (39%) declined HCV screening. Among these participants, 38% reported at least one HCV risk factor, most commonly injection drug use. Self-reporting any HCV risk was not more common among those who accepted versus declined HCV screening (40% vs 37%, p<0.7) but was more common among those with HCV Ab positive versus negative test results (36% vs 6%, p<0.001) and HCV VL positive versus negative results (95% vs 5%, p<0.001).

Conclusion

HCV risk factors were self-reported by more than one-third of ED patients but were not more commonly present among those who accepted HCV screening.
Biallelic mutations inCFAP54cause male infertility with severe MMAF and NOA
Authors: Tian Shixiong , Tu Chaofeng , He Xiaojin , Meng Lanlan , Wang Jiaxiong , Tang Shuyan , Gao Yang , Liu Chunyu , Wu Huan , Zhou Yiling , Lv Mingrong , Lin Ge , Jin Li , Cao Yunxia , Tang Dongdong , Zhang Feng , Tan Yue-Qiu
Published: January 2023

Background

Spermatogenic impairments can lead to male infertility by different pathological conditions, such as multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Genetic factors are involved in impaired spermatogenesis.

Methods and results

Here, we performed genetic analyses through whole-exome sequencing in a cohort of 334 Han Chinese probands with severe MMAF or NOA. Biallelic variants ofCFAP54were identified in three unrelated men, including one homozygous frameshift variant (c.3317del, p.Phe1106Serfs*19) and two compound heterozygous variants (c.878G>A, p.Arg293His; c.955C>T, p.Arg319Cys and c.4885C>T, p.Arg1629Cys; c.937G>A, p.Gly313Arg). All of the identified variants were absent or extremely rare in the public human genome databases and predicted to be damaging by bioinformatic tools. The men harbouringCFAP54mutations exhibited abnormal sperm morphology, reduced sperm concentration and motility in ejaculated semen. Significant axoneme disorganisation and other ultrastructure abnormities were also detected inside the sperm cells from men harbouringCFAP54mutations. Furthermore, immunofluorescence assays showed remarkably reduced staining of four flagellar assembly-associated proteins (IFT20, IFT52, IFT122 and SPEF2) in the spermatozoa ofCFAP54-deficient men. Notably, favourable clinical pregnancy outcomes were achieved with sperm from men carryingCFAP54mutations after intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment.

Conclusion

Our genetic analyses and experimental observations revealed that biallelic deleterious mutations ofCFAP54can induce severe MMAF and NOA in humans.
Mechanical thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion strokes beyond 24 hours
Authors: Shaban Amir , Al Kasab Sami , Chalhoub Reda M , Bass Eric , Maier Ilko , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Alawieh Ali , Wolfe Stacey Q , Arthur Adam S , Dumont Travis M , Kan Peter , Kim Joon-tae , De Leacy Reade , Osbun Joshua W , Rai Ansaar T. , Jabbour Pascal , Park Min S , Crosa Roberto Javier , Mascitelli Justin R , Levitt Michael R , Polifka Adam J , Casagrande Walter , Yoshimura Shinichi , Matouk Charles , Williamson Richard , Gory Benjamin , Mokin Maxim , Fragata Isabel , Romano Daniele G , Chowdhry Shakeel A , Moss Mark , Behme Daniel , Limaye Kaustubh , Spiotta Alejandro M , Samaniego Edgar A
Published: January 2023

Background

Recent clinical trials have shown that mechanical thrombectomy is superior to medical management for large vessel occlusion for up to 24 hours from onset. Our objective is to examine the safety and efficacy of thrombectomy beyond the standard of care window.

Methods

A retrospective review was undertaken of the multicenter Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry (STAR). We identified patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion beyond 24 hours. We selected a matched control group from patients who underwent thrombectomy in the 6–24-hour window. We used functional independence at 3 months as our primary outcome measure.

Results

We identified 121 patients who underwent thrombectomy beyond 24 hours and 1824 in the 6–24-hour window. We selected a 2:1 matched group of patients with thrombectomy 6–24 hours as a comparison group. Patients undergoing thrombectomy beyond 24 hours were less likely to be independent at 90 days (18 (18.8%) vs 73 (34.9%), P=0.005). They had higher odds of mortality at 90 days in the adjusted analysis (OR 2.34, P=0.023). Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and other complications were similar in the two groups. In a multivariate analysis only lower number of attempts was associated with good outcomes (OR 0.27, P=0.022).

Conclusions

Mechanical thrombectomy beyond 24 hours appears to be safe and tolerable with no more hemorrhages or complications compared with standard of care thrombectomy. Outcomes and mortality in this time window are worse compared with an earlier time window, but the rates of good outcomes may justify this therapy in selected patients.
Quality of dying and death in intensive care units: family satisfaction
Authors: Wen Fur-Hsing , Chiang Ming Chu , Huang Chung-Chi , Hu Tsung-Hui , Chou Wen-Chi , Chuang Li-Pang , Tang Siew Tzuh
Published: January 2023

Objective

This cohort study identified patterns/classes of surrogates’ assessment of their relative’s quality of dying and death (QODD) and to evaluate their associations with family satisfaction with intensive care unit (ICU) care.

Methods

We identified QODD classes through latent class analysis of the frequency component of the QODD questionnaire and examined their differences in summary questions on the QODD and scores of the Family Satisfaction in the ICU questionnaire among 309 bereaved surrogates of ICU decedents.

Results

Four distinct classes (prevalence) were identified: high (41.3%), moderate (20.1%), poor-to-uncertain (21.7%) and worst (16.9%) QODD classes. Characteristics differentiate these QODD classes including physical symptom control, emotional preparedness for death, and amount of life-sustaining treatments (LSTs) received. Patients in the high QODD class had optimal physical symptom control, moderate-to-sufficient emotional preparedness for death and few LSTs received. Patients in the moderate QODD class had adequate physical symptom control, moderate-to-sufficient emotional preparedness for death and the least LSTs received. Patients in the poor-to-uncertain QODD class had inadequate physical symptom control, insufficient-uncertain emotional preparedness for death and some LSTs received. Patients in the worst QODD class had poorest physical symptom control, insufficient-to-moderate emotional preparedness for death and substantial LSTs received. Bereaved surrogates in the worst QODD class scored significantly lower in evaluations of the patient’s overall QODD, and satisfaction with ICU care and decision-making process than those in the other classes.

Conclusions

The identified distinct QODD classes offer potential actionable direction for improving quality of end-of-life ICU care.
Physiowise: A Physics-aware Approach to Dicrotic Notch Identification
Authors: Saffarpour Mahya , Basu Debraj , Radaei Fatemeh , Vali Kourosh , Adams Jason Y. , Chuah Chen-Nee , Ghiasi Soheil
Published: January 2023

Dicrotic Notch (DN), one of the most significant and indicative features of the arterial blood pressure (ABP) waveform, becomes less pronounced and thus harder to identify as a matter of aging and pathological vascular stiffness. Generalizable and automatic DN identification for such edge cases is even more challenging in the presence of unexpected ABP waveform deformations that happen due to internal and external noise sources or pathological conditions that cause hemodynamic instability. We propose a physics-aware approach, named Physiowise (PW), that first employs a cardiovascular model to augment the original ABP waveform and reduce unexpected deformations, then apply a set of predefined rules on the augmented signal to find DN locations. We have tested the proposed method on in-vivo data gathered from 14 pigs under hemorrhage and sepsis study. Our result indicates 52% overall mean error improvement with 16% higher detection accuracy within the lowest permitted error range of 30 ms. An additional hybrid methodology is also proposed to allow combining augmentation with any application-specific user-defined rule set.
Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration, the Bethesda System, and the BRAFV600E Mutation in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Association and Prediction for Biopsy
Authors: Galán-García María Eugenia , Martínez-Martin María Soledad , Araujo-Ruano Eduardo José , Loro-Ferrer Juan Francisco , Saavedra-Santana Pedro , Salido-Ruiz Eduardo , Cabrera-Galván Juan José
Published: January 2023

Introduction: BRAFV600E mutations have been associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) histological types including tall-cell and classical, peritumoral infiltration, and nuclear signs, whereas cytological features such as plump cells and sickle nuclei have also been associated with favorable thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) results for this tumor. BRAF and RAS are considered early driver mutations that contribute to the development of BRAF-like PTCs and RAS-like PTCs. Our aim was to assess the possible association between all Bethesda System cytological features and thyroid FNAs for PTC and their potential predictive value for future BRAFV600E-related biopsies. Methods: Our study analyzed 63 cases of PTCs operated on at our hospital over a 5-year period between 2005 and 2017 that had previously undergone FNA and had been classified by the Bethesda System. BRAFV600E was identified by pyrosequencing paraffin-embedded tissues and comparing the cytological signs with the Bethesda System. In addition, a statistical and predictive study of the diagnostic factors “non-follicular,” “non-round nuclei,” and “non-clear chromatin” was performed to discriminate BRAF-like signs from other hypothetical RAS-like follicular signs. Results: BRAFV600E was detected in 43/63 cases (68.2%). Histological types were significant (p < 0.001), with the classical variant being the most prevalent 31/63 (49.2%) and independent by multivariate analysis odds ratio of 10.58 [2.67; 41.97]. Follicular cytological signs are negatively associated with BRAFV600E: follicular structure (p < 0.001), round nuclei (p = 0.015), and clear chromatin (p = 0.049), while the diagnostic factors: “non-follicular” (positive predictive value [PPV] 82.9, sensitivity 79.1, negative predictive value [NPV] 59.1, specificity 65.0), “non-round nuclei” (PPV 76.6, sensitivity 83.7, NPV 56.3, specificity 45.0), and “non-clear chromatin” (PPV 75.6, sensitivity 79.1, NPV 50.0, specificity 45.0) have predictive value for the mutation. There was no individual significance for the remaining cytological features. Conclusions: Our study found no association between cytomorphological signs of thyroid FNA and BRAFV600E mutation. Considering the Bethesda System, there is an association (p = 0.045) with numerous cases of mutated PTC in categories V and VI. Our results indicate, however, that the presence of signs referred to as “non-follicular,” “non-round nuclei,” and “non-clear chromatin” in biopsy of papillary thyroid carcinoma is predictive of BRAF type mutation, whereas follicular signs indicate a RAS type PTC, according to published literature. These results need to be confirmed or modified by further research.
Гігієнічна оцінка транслокації нових пестицидів у системі «ґрунт – рослина»
Authors: Коршун М. М. , Мартіянова Ю. В. , Коршун О. М.
Published: January 2023

Резюме. Оцінка та мінімізація ризику шкідливого впливу пестицидів на здоров’я населення є важливим завданням профілактичної медицини. Зокрема, вивчення міграції нових пестицидів у системі «ґрунт – рослина» є актуальним з огляду на провідну роль перорального шляху їх надходження в організм людини.
Мета дослідження – встановити закономірності транслокації з ґрунту в сільськогосподарські культури нових пестицидів: тріазолонового гербіциду амікарбазону, трикетонового гербіциду біциклопірону та карбоксамідного фунгіциду підіфлуметофену.
Матеріали і методи. Проведено математичне моделювання міграції досліджуваних пестицидів у системі «ґрунт – рослина» з використанням рівнянь регресії, що описують залежність між гранично допустимою концентрацією (ГДК) речовини у ґрунті та її максимально допустимим рівнем (МДР) в продуктах харчування рослинного походження (І етап). У 3-х серіях лабораторних гігієнічних експериментів вивчено транслокацію амікарбазону, біциклопірону та підіфлуметофену в системі «ґрунт – рослина» (ІІ етап). Визначення вмісту досліджуваних речовин в зеленій масі хлібних зернових та овочевих культур здійснено методом високоефективної рідинної хроматографії.
Результати. Пороговими концентраціями в ґрунті за транслокаційним показником шкідливості визнано концентрації: амікарбазону – 0,2 мг/кг, біциклопірону – 0,25 мг/кг, підіфлуметофену – 0,12 мг/кг, які формуються в орному шарі ґрунту при внесенні досліджуваних пестицидів відповідно у 4-х, 5-и і 2-х максимальних нормах витрати і при яких вміст речовин у зеленій масі усіх фіто-тестів рослин не перевищить гігієнічно значущий рівень 0,02 мг/кг, 0,02 мг/кг та 0,01 мг/кг відповідно. Порівнюючи результати І та ІІ етапів дослідження, встановлено, що експериментально визначена порогова концентрація у ґрунті амікарбазону співпала із результатом математичного моделювання; біциклопірону – незначно (на 39 %) перевищила розрахунковий результат; підіфлуметофену – виявилася у 2,4 раза вищою за розрахункове значення.
Висновки. Встановлено, що міграція амікарбазону, біциклопірону та підіфлуметофену з ґрунту не перевищить їх гігієнічно значущий рівень у рослинах при їх вмісті у ґрунті відповідно 0,2 мг/кг; 0,25 мг/кг; 0,12 мг/кг і нижче. Метод математичного моделювання транслокації продемонстрував достатню прогностичну спроможність стосовно усіх 3 досліджуваних пестицидів. Отримані результати використані при обґрунтуванні ГДК амікарбазону, біциклопірону та підіфлуметофену в ґрунті.
TEACHING HISTOLOGY IN TIMES OF WAR – EXPERIENCE OF MODIFYING EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors: Boychuk T. M. , Popova T. M. , Stoliar D. B.
Published: January 2023

The process of conducting the educational process of “Histology, cytology and embryology” subject in a medical university during ongoing aggressive war includes psychological, legal and organizational components, where the focus for this fundamental theoretical subject should be made on high-quality digital tools, constant monitoring of feedback and maintenance of all participants of the educational process in safe conditions. The purpose of this work is to highlight main changes and innovations during the distant educational process in “Histology, cytology and embryology” discipline for medical students of the 1st and 2nd years. The studies in February-June 2022 period were held remotely, using the experience of organizing practical, lecture and modular classes under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The peculiarities of conducting remote classes during active military operations were, first of all, maintaining constant contact with each member of the academic group, obtaining up-to-date information about their location, health conditions and the availability of technical opportunities to attend classes. Taking into account air alarms of different durations, being in relative proximity to active hostilities and technical malfunctions of power grids in certain regions, the duration of practical, lecture and module classes could change, or be transferred to a time that is relevant for the teacher and the group. Conducting and discussing theoretical content of topics for Ukrainian- and English-speaking medical students of the 1st and 2nd years was carried out on the “Google Meet” platform using the interactive “Jam” board and the broadcast of visual material through the teacher’s access. Tasks in the form of multiple-choice questions, situational clinical cases, electronic microphotographs and flash cards have been used. It was high-quality digital materials of histological preparations, obtained from the existing material base of the department, that served as a basis for studying the microscopic structure of tissues and differentiation of the cellular composition of those in various types of organs. It is important to note that maintaining a high-quality educational process in wartime is not only a guarantee of the formation of a conscious generation of medical professionals, but also the maintenance of the academic front of the country in wartime.
ОСВІТА В УМОВАХ ПАНДЕМІЇ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА НАСЛІДКИ
Authors: Баланюк І. В.
Published: January 2023

Пандемія COVID-19 має згубний вплив не лише на фізичне, а також і на психічне здоров’я соціуму. Пандемія COVID-19 з самого початку поставила перед усіма європейськими країнами нові виклики. Зокрема, в Україні університети стикнулися з проблемою організації внутрішніх адміністративних процесів і дистанційного онлайн-навчання під час карантинних обмежень. Оскільки більшість студентів за цей час відмітила зниження концентрації, уваги, мотивації, розлади сну та навіть депресію через зниження кількості соціальних контактів. З обмеженням соціального життя постав новий виклик, запровадження цифрових технологій, які принесли з собою і нові проблеми. Студенти, які вже вважалися вразливими до пандемії COVID-19 і мали труднощі з навчанням, опинилися в ще складнішій ситуації. Першочергово уряди повинні забезпечити, щоб студенти, які відстають, отримували підтримку, необхідну їм для досягнення очікуваних цілей навчання. За відсутності будь-якого втручання втрата знань, спричинена пандемією COVID-19, ймовірно, матиме довгостроковий негативний вплив на майбутнє благополуччя молоді. Вкрай важливо, щоб ми не тільки оговталися від пандемії, але й використали цей досвід, щоб краще підготуватися до майбутніх криз. Навчальні заклади мають бути краще підготовлені до легкого переходу між очним і дистанційним навчанням за потреби.
FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL AND СOMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE FOR MASTERS OF MEDICINE IN UNIVERSITY CONDITIONS
Authors: Hnatyshyn S. I. , Novitska O. I. , Oliіnyk N. Ya.
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the main aspects of the professional and communicative competence formation for the  masters of medicine in university conditions, focuses attention on the “professional and communicative competence for masters of medicine” as a complex professional quality, clarifies the essence of the formation of this component of the professional training of highly qualified specialists in the medical field, reveals the means for mastering speech skills and abilities necessary for communication, a set of knowledge about the norms and rules of communication.
РОЛЬ ПРОЦЕСІВ ПЕРОКСИДНОГО ОКИСНЕННЯ ЛІПІДІВ У СЕРЦІ ЩУРІВ РІЗНОЇ СТАТІ В ДИНАМІЦІ РОЗВИТКУ ЧЕРЕПНО-МОЗКОВОЇ ТРАВМИ
Authors: Денефіль О. В. , Мединський М. І. , Салій З. В. , Куліцька М. І. , Андрійчук І. Я. , Усинський Р. С.
Published: January 2023

Вступ. Останнім часом значно зросла кількість людей з політравмами, але й черепно-мозкова травма залишається значно поширеною. Для чоловіків із травмами голови характерний вищий ризик у всіх клініко-нозологічних групах порівняно з жінками. Провідною ланкою розвитку патології залишається оксидативний стрес, що впливає на різні органи та системи, в тому числі серцево-судинну.

Мета дослідження – оцінити розвиток оксидативного стресу в гомогенаті серця щурів різної статі в різні періоди розвитку закритої черепно-мозкової травми.

Методи дослідження. Досліди виконано на 80 безпородних щурах різної статі масою 190–240 г. Тварин поділили на 2 групи: контроль, черепно-мозкова травма. Травму щурам наносили під тіопентал-нат­рієвим наркозом шляхом однократного дозованого удару по черепу з енергією 0,375 Дж у точці, що розміщується на 5 мм допереду від міжвушної лінії. Забій тварин проводили в контролі, через 1, 7, 14 і 28 діб після моделювання травми. Здійснювали забір серця, в гомогенаті якого визначали вміст дієнових кон’югатів, ТБК-активних продуктів, супероксиддисмутазну і каталазну активність. Виконували морфологічне дослідження міокарда в препаратах, зафарбованих за Гейденгайном.

Результати й обговорення. У контролі в самців, порівняно із самицями, переважали дієнові кон’югати, але супероксиддисмутазна і каталазна активність була нижчою. Протягом експерименту відмічено зростання показників дієнових кон’югатів і ТБК-активних продуктів більшою мірою у самців, при цьому супероксиддисмутазна і каталазна активність залишалася вищою в самиць. До кінця експерименту не спостерігали відновлення досліджуваних показників.

Висновки. Розвиток оксидативного стресу в серці щурів при черепно-мозковій травмі залежить від вихідної активності антиоксидантної системи і статі. Більш виражене ушкодження відмічено у самців. Вища активність антиоксидантів запобігає значному ураженню міокарда.
Fritz Müller, do programa filogenético ao programa adaptacionista
Authors: Caponi Gustavo
Published: January 2023

No século XIX, o progresso da biologia evolutiva esteve pautado por dois programas de pesquisa: um de desenvolvimento mais amplo e com maior reconhecimento institucional, que foi o programa filogenético; e outro, o programa adaptacionista, cujo desenvolvimento foi mais restrito ou até mesmo marginal. Fritz Müller (1822-1897) contribuiu para ambas as agendas de pesquisa. Sua contribuição pioneira para o programa filogenético, está em seu livro Für Darwin. Instigado pelo próprio Darwin, também obteve resultados de pesquisa que foram marcos para a consolidação do programa adaptacionista, como por exemplo, seus trabalhos sobre mimetismo.
Encenando a história: as artes na “Exposição Internacional do Centenário da Independência” (Rio de Janeiro, 1922-1923)
Authors: Carvalho Danielle Crepaldi
Published: January 2023

Este artigo procura analisar tanto a produção artística efetivada ao longo da “Exposição Internacional do Centenário da Independência” (Rio de Janeiro, 1922-1923) quanto a realizada anteriormente e veiculada no evento e, enfim, a produção apresentada fora dos seus portões, mas que estabeleceu uma relação indelével com a Exposição. Para tanto, debruçamo-nos sobre vasta gama de obras pertencentes aos campos da literatura, do teatro, da fotografia, do cinema, da música e da pintura, produzidas pelos mais variados agentes, considerando igualmente as contribuições arquitetônicas responsáveis por empiricamente erigir os edifícios que abrigaram a Exposição. Buscamos compreender de que forma essas obras dialogam com os esforços da organização do evento no sentido de impor, por meio dele, signos da nacionalidade e um teatro da modernidade.
Flami-n'-assú: manifesto e perspectivismo amazônico no Modernismo brasileiro na década de 1920
Authors: Figueiredo Aldrin Moura de
Published: January 2023

Este artigo analisa a importância e a divulgação do manifesto literário Flami-n’- assú, de Abguar Bastos (1902-1995), como parte da construção intelectual de um perspectivismo amazônico no modernismo brasileiro na década de 1920. Para isso, buscamos analisar a formação dos grupos literários no Pará nas primeiras décadas do século XX, seu viso filosófico e suas conexões e distinções com outros projetos artísticos nacionais. Ideias de modernidade, mediadas por noções de identidade nacional, sob o ponto de vista regional, estão na base da formulação desse ideário, levando em consideração o lugar do discursivo, a ancestralidade indígena e posicionamento da Amazônia no debate a partir de uma farta experiência literária. Não se tratava de pensar a região um reduto de tradições, perdido no passado, à margem da história. Ideias de futuro, juventude, vanguarda, saber e arte indígenas fizeram parte do repertório cognitivo de sustentação “mental” e “espiritual” desse manifesto, nas contendas com o passado e da construção do presente.
Modernismos e Modernidades: Brasil, 1922 (O outro era aqui)
Authors: Tomelin Junior Nelson , Alambert Francisco , Silva Marcos Antonio da
Published: January 2023

A Semana de Arte Moderna, no Brasil de 1922, foi uma atividade patrocinada por homens endinheirados, realizada num ambiente de pessoas endinheiradas e assistida por um público de homens e mulheres endinheirados. Seu alcance, todavia, ultrapassou esse universo social, astúcia das Artes, fez-se História também criticamente, às vezes sem o querer, e dialogou com outras modernidades sociais ao indagar o que era aquele Brasil.
Introduction: Toward Critical Game Design
Authors: Malazita James , O'Donnell Casey
Published: January 2023

This special issue addresses the epistemological, institutional, and political challenges of integrating critical games scholarship with game development practices and pedagogy. The featured essays help form a foundation for Critical Game Design and draw from intellectual traditions and debates not only from both game studies and game design, but from the classical design disciplines as well. We aim to build more connective tissue and collaboration between game design and the broader design disciplines, allowing space for research, scholarship, and creative work that drives the underlying epistemological core of the many spaces in which all designers find themselves educated and employed.
Primary Splenic Ectopic Pregnancy Managed With Angioembolization and Splenectomy
Authors: Kelley Kathryn C. , How Wei Quan , Bassik Noy , Patel Prashant R. , To Jennifer Q. , Rambaran Ryan N.
Published: January 2023

A primary splenic ectopic pregnancy is an extremely rare entity; one that is fraught with life-threatening risks due to potential for acute hemorrhage. The diagnosis is challenging to make, and once detected, there is a distinct sense of urgency to perform operative intervention (splenectomy) prior to any impending rupture. This report describes the case of a 34-year-old female, gravida 5, para 3013, at estimated 4 weeks gestation with a 2.1 × 1.3 cm ectopic pregnancy abutting the splenic hilum. Through multidisciplinary management with Obstetrics/Gynecology (OB/GYN), Interventional Radiology (IR), and General Surgery teams, the patient received preoperative non-elective splenic artery embolization to mitigate risk of rupture, followed by open splenectomy while remaining hemodynamically stable throughout the course of her treatment. As evidenced by this case, a multidisciplinary approach to this unusual clinical presentation leads to successful patient outcomes and prevents the devastating complication of acute hemorrhage.
Debating asylum psychiatry: Did Szasz misrepresent the Basaglian psychiatric project?
Authors: Balbuena Rivera Francisco
Published: January 2023

Background:

The Italian anti-institutional psychiatric movement is closely associated with the name of F. Basaglia, whom Szasz in his 188-page essay on antipsychiatry labels a ‘real phony’ (in similar terms to others considered antipsychiatrists such as D. Cooper, R. Laing, E. Goffman and M. Foucault). Specifically, Szasz says of Basaglia and his work in psychiatry that it’s a ‘prevarication-illusion about the end of asylum psychiatry in Italy’.

Aim/objective:

The aim of this paper is to determine whether Szasz’s assessments were reliably based on scholarly knowledge of Basaglia’s psychiatric work, or can better be attributed to Szasz’s misrepresentation of his Italian colleague.

Methods:

In considering this question, the paper is timely but, more importantly, it is also unique in considering Basaglia and Szasz together. It is beyond the scope of this article to examine Basaglia’s career in detail, and references to it will be made only to clarify Szasz’s assertions regarding Basaglia.

Results and conclusions:

As I will show here, Szasz misconstrued the Basaglian project for a new kind of psychiatry, and for the transformation and closure of the old asylum system. This erroneous view of Basaglia by Szasz is partly associated with his idea that Basaglia and other antipsychiatrists were supported by the modern socialist-therapeutic State.
Simulation-based setting suggestions for yarn winding units to reduce color variation in knitted fabric
Authors: Schmeißer Andre , Bell Erik G , Gramsch Simone , Heidenreich René
Published: January 2023

The finishing of yarns by bobbin dyeing is of key importance in the value chain of home and apparel textiles. In the bobbin dyeing process, yarn bobbins are placed on dye spindles and passed through with dye liquor. If the winding process parameters are selected unfavorably, the density of the winding package is inhomogeneous. The inhomogeneous density distribution leads to an inhomogeneous flow of dye liquid through the package and, hence, to dyeing defects. In order to minimize dyeing defects and to reduce set-up times, we present a simulation-based parameter recommendation for cross-winding machines in this paper. We use a kinematic model of the winding process combined with an empirical model for the package diameter to optimize the package density distribution. We introduce a criterion to avoid patterning defects and adapt winding settings. For bobbins with Nm 34 Co yarn, the homogeneity of the density was improved and the color deviation was reduced by up to 50% due to these simulation-based setting suggestions.
Substance use and Stress-Induced Cognitive Impairment: The Causes of Anxiety and Depression among College Students
Authors: Avdija Avdi
Published: January 2023

This study sought to examine the effects of substance use and stress-induced cognitive impairment on anxiety and depression among college students. The data for this study came from a sample of 328 undergraduate students from a public university. The subjects in this study completed a 101-item self-administered questionnaire, which was part of a larger study on college stress. This study included not only students who are typically expected to seek help at the counseling centers, but it expanded to include self-reported cases of students who do not have documented problems of substance use or anxiety/depression. To address the main objective of this study, an eight-variable model was developed and tested for each of the two outcome variables: anxiety and depression. The results that emerged from this study show that both substance use and stress-induced cognitive impairment have a positive and a statistically significant effect on anxiety and depression in college students.
Modeling the Bias of Digital Data: An Approach to Combining Digital With Official Statistics to Estimate and Predict Migration Trends
Authors: Hsiao Yuan , Fiorio Lee , Wakefield Jonathan , Zagheni Emilio
Published: January 2023

Obtaining reliable and timely estimates of migration flows is critical for advancing the migration theory and guiding policy decisions, but it remains a challenge. Digital data provide granular information on time and space, but do not draw from representative samples of the population, leading to biased estimates. We propose a method for combining digital data and official statistics by using the official statistics to model the spatial and temporal dependence structure of the biases of digital data. We use simulations to demonstrate the validity of the model, then empirically illustrate our approach by combining geo-located Twitter data with data from the American Community Survey (ACS) to estimate state-level out-migration probabilities in the United States. We show that our model, which combines unbiased and biased data, produces predictions that are more accurate than predictions based solely on unbiased data. Our approach demonstrates how digital data can be used to complement, rather than replace, official statistics.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Transportation of Adults With Visual Impairments
Authors: Zebehazy Kim T. , Rosenblum L. Penny , Thompson Kathleen M.
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Access to efficient and affordable transportation options has long been a challenge for many individuals with vision loss. In spring 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a quick shift in the availability and safety of transportation. Methods: Using the constant comparison method, open-ended responses from 1,162 participants in the Flatten Inaccessibility study were coded. Responses were from participants who had concerns about transportation. Results: Ten themes and corresponding subthemes emerged from the data. Themes were interdependent in that the extent of concerns differed based on respondents’ support networks, transportation availability, and financial circumstances. Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic brought to the forefront both systemic and COVID-19 transportation challenges about which those with visual impairments experienced or had concerns or both. Implications for Practitioners: It is imperative that professionals support those with visual impairments to develop alternative plans for when their typical transportation options are disrupted.
Mother's education and nutritional status as correlates of child stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight in Nigeria: Evidence from 2018 Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Lawal Saheed Akinmayowa , Okunlola David Aduragbemi , Adegboye Oyelola A. , Adedeji Isaac A.
Published: January 2023

Aim: This study examined the nexus between mother's education and nutritional status and their relationships with child stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight. Methods: The data of 34,193 under-five (U-5) children from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and binary and complementary log-logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of child stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight were 36.51%, 6.92%, 21.73%, and 2.05%, respectively. Compared to children born to mothers with at least secondary education, uneducated women's children (odds ratio (OR) = 1.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.32–1.82) and those of women with primary education (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.28–1.72) were more likely to be stunted. Similarly, children born to uneducated women (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.24–1.83) were more likely to be underweight than women with at least secondary education. The likelihood of child underweight (OR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.45–2.01) and wasting (rate ratio (RR) = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.47–2.26) were higher among underweight mothers, respectively, than those with normal body mass index (BMI). The likelihood of child stunting (OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.67–0.84) and underweight (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.57–0.77) were lower among obese/overweight mothers compared to those with normal BMI, but their children were more likely to be overweight (RR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.27–2.48). Conclusion: Attainment of higher education by mothers should be promoted to prevent childhood nutritional imbalances, and sensitization on healthy dietary habits and lifestyles should be promoted among women, especially the overweight/obese, to reduce their risk of having overweight children.
Parental khat use and early childhood growth status in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Teji Roba Kedir , Brewis Alexandra , Manning Mason , Hassen Jemal Yousuf
Published: January 2023

Background

Adult chewing of the stimulant plant khat ( Catha edulis) has an unclear relationship with child growth outcomes. Contradictory study conclusions because habitual khat chewing covary with increased household income from khat production.

Aim

Disentangling the association of parental khat use, household khat production, and child nutritional status and growth markers.

Methods

Bayesian analysis was applied to survey data for 2340 households containing 2760 children aged 24–60 months in a population-representative geographic sampling of two districts in Eastern Ethiopia, a khat chewing and producing region.

Results

Stunting effects were more evident than wasting; the negative child growth effect of khat chewing persisted regardless of household khat production; maternal chewing particularly mattered for child growth delays.

Conclusions

This exploratory analysis suggests that future studies should target the interactions of khat chewing practices with gendered performances of child care/feeding responsibilities.
Outcomes of cyanoacrylate closure of the truncal varicose vein insufficiency: A comparison between young and elderly patients
Authors: Yiğit Görkem
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Cyanoacrylate closure (CAC) procedure has become an alternative treatment method that has become increasingly popular in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) in recent years. The present study was designed to assess the feasibility, tolerance, results, and efficacy of CAC for truncal varicosities in elderly population.

Methods

In this retrospective single-center observational cohort study, CAC procedure was performed in 160 patients (184 limbs) with truncal varicose vein insufficiency. The patients were divided into two groups: elderly group, and younger group. The primary outcome of this study was to assess the feasibility, tolerance, and safety of the CAC procedure for truncal varicosities in elderly population over 70 years. The Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), visual analogue scale of pain (VASP) and occlusion rate of the treated target veins of the patients were evaluated and compared among groups. The secondary outcomes were to evaluate and compare technical success, mortality, major adverse events, and other postoperative complications between the groups.

Results

All operations were carried out under local anesthesia. There were no technical failures or device-related complications. Anatomic success rate was 100% after procedures. The occlusion rate for the elderly group at 2 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months was 100%, 92.3%, and 92.3%, respectively, while the occlusion rate for the younger group was 100%, 97%, and 94.7%, respectively. There was no significant difference in occlusion rates between two groups ( p > .05) (Log Rank = 0,231). Improvement in the VCSSs was statistically significant between baseline and 12 months after procedure in both groups ( p < .001). Improvement in the VASPs was statistically significant between baseline and 2 weeks after procedure in both groups ( p < .001). There were no symptoms or signs of sural nerve injury, hematoma, or phlebitis in either group.

Conclusions

Although it has some potential risks, it is conceivable that the CAC procedure may be applied in selected fit elderly patients for the treatment of CVI. Age appeared to have no effect on the early and mid-term prognosis of the CAC procedure performed in the study cohort.
Did you hear your action? An ecological approach to the senses of ownership and agency
Authors: Re Anna , Perconti Pietro , Malvica Sonia , Castano Emanuele
Published: January 2023

The Sense of Ownership (SoO) and the Sense of Agency (SoA) are two key components of bodily self-consciousness. In this experiment, we investigated how they are affected by variations in the ecological validity of the moving Rubber Hand Illusion (mRHI) paradigm, which typically include three movement conditions: active congruent, passive congruent, and active incongruent. These conditions were either in a session in which no auditory feedback associated with finger-tapping was eliminated, or in a session in which such a feedback occurred. Since the presence of the auditory feedback more closely corresponds to what individuals experience in daily life when they tap their finger on a surface, sessions with feedback are more ecologically valid, and should thus result in a more marked SoO. Results indicated that in the active movement condition in which the illusion is typically found (congruent), the effect was enhanced when the feedback was present. This advantage emerged on both on objective and subjective measures of SoO. The SoA, on the other hand, is not affected by the auditory feedback.
Articular Cartilage Repair After Implantation of Hyaline Cartilage Beads Engineered From Adult Dedifferentiated Chondrocytes: Cartibeads Preclinical Efficacy Study in a Large Animal Model
Authors: Kutaish Halah , Tscholl Philippe Matthias , Cosset Erika , Bengtsson Laura , Braunersreuther Vincent , Mor Flavio Maurizio , Laedermann Jeremy , Furfaro Ivan , Stafylakis Dimitrios , Hannouche Didier , Gerstel Eric , Krause Karl-Heinz , Assal Mathieu , Menetrey Jacques , Tieng Vannary
Published: January 2023

Background:

Chondrocyte-based cell therapy to repair cartilage has been used for >25 years despite current limitations. This work presents a new treatment option for cartilage lesions.

Hypothesis:

High-quality hyaline cartilage microtissues called Cartibeads are capable of treating focal chondral lesions once implanted in the defect, by complete fusion of Cartibeads among themselves and their integration with the surrounding native cartilage and subchondral bone.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Cartibeads were first produced from human donors and characterized using histology (safranin O staining of glycosaminoglycan [GAG] and immunohistochemistry of collagen I and II) and GAG dosage. Cartibeads from 6 Göttingen minipigs were engineered and implanted in an autologous condition in the knee (4 or 5 lesions per knee). One group was followed up for 3 months and the other for 6 months. Feasibility and efficacy were measured using histological analysis and macroscopic and microscopic scores.

Results:

Cartibeads revealed hyaline features with strong staining of GAG and collagen II. High GAG content was obtained: 24.6-µg/mg tissue (wet weight), 15.52-µg/mg tissue (dry weight), and 35 ± 3-µg GAG/bead (mean ± SD). Histological analysis of Göttingen minipigs showed good integration of Cartibeads grafts at 3 and 6 months after implantation. The Bern Score of the histological assay comparing grafted versus empty lesions was significant at 3 months (grafted, n = 10; nongrafted, n = 4; score, 3.3 and 5.3, respectively) and 6 months (grafted, n = 11; nongrafted, n = 3; score, 1.6 and 5.1).

Conclusion:

We developed an innovative 3-step method allowing, for the first time, the use of fully dedifferentiated adult chondrocytes with a high number of cell passage (owing to the extensive amplification in culture). Cartibeads engineered from chondrocytes hold potential as an advanced therapy medicinal product for treating cartilage lesions with established efficacy.

Clinical Relevance:

This successful preclinical study, combined with standardized manufacturing of Cartibeads according to good manufacturing practice guidelines, led to the approval of first-in-human clinical trial by the ethics committee and local medical authority. The generated data highlighted a promising therapy to treat cartilage lesions from a small amount of starting biopsy specimen. With our innovative cell amplification technology, very large lesions can be treated, and older active patients can benefit from it.
Analysis of solid combustion products to establish a theoretical model of the causes of thermal runaway of ternary lithium-ion battery overcharge and heating
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhao Fusheng , Yin Songfeng , Ma Tengzhou , Qing Jiang
Published: January 2023

It is difficult to determine whether ternary lithium-ion batteries (t-LIBs) were the “source” of the actual fire scene because of the little available direct evidence left after thermal runaway combustion of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and the lack of relevant analytical methods for t-LIBs after complete combustion. As a result, a large number of fires involving t-LIBs are controversially identified as the cause every year. In this paper, we conducted experiments on the two most common thermal runaway types of t-LIBs to investigate the correlation model between their combustion products and thermal runaway types. In the case of overcharge, the combustion products (black powder) of t-LIBs contain aluminum elements, which may be due to the thermal reaction of aluminum. In contrast, in the case of heating, the combustion products of t-LIBs have almost no detectable elemental aluminum. The reason may be due to the ability of the electrode material to continuously decompose and precipitate a large amount of metal oxides under the overcharge condition, which constitutes the condition for the occurrence of the aluminum thermal reaction, making the presence of Al2O3 in the combustion products. However, the lack of continuous current action under the heating condition prevents the generation of the aluminum thermal reaction.
Impact of PTSD and Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Cognition in Older Adult Veterans
Authors: Noland Madeline D.W. , Paolillo Emily W. , Noda Art , Lazzeroni Laura C. , Holty Jon-Erik C. , Kuschner Ware G. , Yesavage Jerome , Kinoshita Lisa M.
Published: January 2023

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are highly prevalent and comorbid among older adult male veterans. Both PTSD and OSA are independently associated with cognitive deficits in older adults, but little research regarding the impact of comorbid PTSD and OSA among older adults exists. Purpose: The current study aimed to examine the independent and interactive effects of PTSD and OSA on cognitive functioning in older adult veterans. Study Sample: Older adult male veterans with ( n = 106) and without PTSD ( n = 69), ranging in age from 55 to 89 ( M = 63.35). Data Collection: Participants underwent polysomnography evaluation to assess severity of OSA symptoms and comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation to assess cognitive functioning in 3 domains: attention and processing speed, learning and memory, and executive functioning. Results: Multiple regression analyses showed that the interaction between PTSD and OSA did not predict cognitive performance. However, PTSD significantly predicted poorer attention and processing speed, and increased OSA severity predicted poorer learning and memory. Conclusions: While PTSD and OSA did not have a synergistic detrimental impact on cognition, each independently predicted poorer cognitive functioning within certain domains, suggesting that older adults with these comorbid conditions may experience a wider array of cognitive difficulties.