bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colorectal complications of end‐stage renal failure and renal transplantation: a review
Authors: Parnaby C. N. , Barrow E. J. , Edirimanne S. B. , Parrott N. R. , Frizelle F. A. , Watson A. J. M.
Published: November 2011

Aim  End‐stage renal failure (ESRF) and renal transplant recipients are thought to be associated with an increased risk of colorectal complications.

Method  A review of the literature was performed to assess the prevalence and outcome in both benign and malignant colorectal disease.

Results  No prospective randomized studies assessing colorectal complications in ESRF or renal transplant were identified. Case series and case reports have described the incidence and management of benign colorectal complications. Complications included diverticulitis, infective colitis, colonic bleeding and colonic perforation. There was insufficient evidence to associate diverticular disease with adult polycystic kidney disease. Three population‐based studies have shown up to a twofold increased incidence of colonic cancer but not rectal cancer for renal transplant recipients. Bowel cancer screening (as per the general population) by faecal occult blood testing appears justified for renal transplant patients; however, evidence suggests that consideration of starting screening at a younger age may be worthwhile because of an increased risk of developing colonic cancer. Two population‐based studies have shown a threefold and 10‐fold increased incidence of anal cancer for renal transplant recipients. A single case–control study demonstrated significant increased prevalence of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) and intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) in patients with established renal transplants.

Conclusions  Despite the lack of high‐level evidence, ESRF and renal transplantation were associated with colorectal complications that could result in major morbidity and mortality. Bowel cancer screening in this patient group appears justified. The effectiveness of screening for HPV, AIN and anal cancer in renal transplant recipients remains unclear.
Themes elicited during motivational interviewing to improve glycaemic control in adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ridge K. , Treasure J. , Forbes A. , Thomas S. , Ismail K.
Published: November 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 148–152 (2012)

Aims  To elicit the barriers and motivators to better diabetes self care in patients with Type 1 diabetes.

Methods  We obtained a purposive sample of 47 patients with Type 1 diabetes and persistent suboptimal glycaemic control from a randomized controlled trial of nurse‐delivered psychological interventions. Each participant’s second session of motivational interviewing was analysed using content analysis.

Results  Four major themes emerged: emotions of living with Type 1 diabetes, perceived barriers to diabetes management, motivators for change and methods of coping. Increased assistance and support from family and healthcare teams, the prospect of improved emotional and physical well‐being and feelings of success were described as factors that might motivate participants to practice more effective self care.

Conclusions  An enhanced awareness of the range of psychological concepts in diabetes may enable a better therapeutic relationship between clinicians and patients.
A Special Kind of Married Man: Notions of Marriage and Married Men in the Swedish Gay Press, 1954–1986
Authors: ROSQVIST HANNA BERTILSDOTTER
Published: November 2011

There has long been ambivalence in the LGBT movement and related research as to the meaning of gay identity in relation to marriage. The article explores changing homonormative discourses of marriage and married men within the Swedish gay press from the mid 1950s to the mid 1980s. Expressions of the changes are a shift in language and in views of extramarital relationships, openness, and gay male identity. As a result of the shift, “married men,” including both “married homosexuals” and “bisexuals,” came to be distinguished from “gays.”
Pinellia ternata agglutinin expression in chloroplasts confers broad spectrum resistance against aphid, whitefly, Lepidopteran insects, bacterial and viral pathogens
Authors: Jin Shuangxia , Zhang Xianlong , Daniell Henry
Published: November 2011

Broad spectrum protection against different insects and pathogens requires multigene engineering. However, such broad spectrum protection against biotic stress is provided by a single protein in some medicinal plants. Therefore, tobacco chloroplasts were transformed with the agglutinin gene from Pinellia ternata (pta), a widely cultivated Chinese medicinal herb. Pinellia ternata agglutinin (PTA) was expressed up to 9.2% of total soluble protein in mature leaves. Purified PTA showed similar hemagglutination activity as snowdrop lectin. Artificial diet with purified PTA from transplastomic plants showed marked and broad insecticidal activity. In planta bioassays conducted with T0 or T1 generation PTA lines showed that the growth of aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) was reduced by 89%–92% when compared with untransformed (UT) plants. Similarly, the larval survival and total population of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) on transplastomic lines were reduced by 91%–93% when compared with UT plants. This is indeed the first report of lectin controlling whitefly infestation. When transplastomic PTA leaves were fed to corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea), tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) or the beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua), 100% mortality was observed against all these three insects. In planta bioassays revealed Erwinia population to be 10 000‐fold higher in control than in PTA lines. Similar results were observed with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) challenge. Therefore, broad spectrum resistance to homopteran (sap‐sucking), Lepidopteran insects as well as anti‐bacterial or anti‐viral activity observed in PTA lines provides a new option to engineer protection against biotic stress by hyper‐expression of an unique protein that is naturally present in a medicinal plant.
Governing the Homeless in an Age of Compassion: Homelessness, Citizenship, and the 10‐Year Plan to End Homelessness in King County Washington
Authors: Sparks Tony
Published: November 2011

Abstract: In 2001, President Bush announced his intention to “end chronic homeless by the year 2012” as part of his broad “Compassion Agenda”. Since then, departmental consolidation, changes in funding allocation, and continued decentralization of services provision have dramatically reshaped the landscape of homeless service provision in the US. In this paper I examine how these roll‐out policies reify and re‐entrench liberal equations of property with rational self‐governance at the local scale. Particularly, I illustrate how tropes of homeless otherness work alongside and through federal neoliberal roll‐out policies to exclude homeless voices from the formation of local social policy. In doing so, I attempt to call attention to the mutually constitutive relationship between the spatial management of homeless bodies, tropes of homeless deviance and dependence, and limits to citizenship in the context of neoliberal urban governance.
Towards a genealogy of tropical architecture: Historical fragments of power‐knowledge, built environment and climate in the British colonial territories
Authors: Chang Jiat‐Hwee , King Anthony D.
Published: November 2011

In this paper, we trace the history of tropical architecture beyond its supposed founding moment, that is, its institutionalization and naming‐as‐such, in the mid‐twentieth century. We note that many of the planning principles, spatial configurations and environmental technologies of tropical architecture could be traced to knowledge and practices from the eighteenth century onwards, and we explore three pre‐1950s moments of ‘tropical architecture’ in the British empire through building types such as the bungalow, military barrack and labourers' housing in the tropics. Unlike the depoliticized technical discourse of tropical architecture in the mid‐twentieth century, this earlier history shows that so‐called tropical architecture was inextricably entangled with medical and racial discourses, biopolitics and the political economy of colonialism. We argue that tropical architecture should not be understood as an entity with a fixed essence that is overdetermined by a timeless and unchanging external tropical nature. Rather, tropical architecture should be understood as a set of shifting discourses that privilege tropical nature, especially climate, in various ways as the prime determinant of built form according to different constellations of sociocultural and technoscientific conditions. We thus see ‘tropical architecture’ not as a depoliticized entity but as a power‐knowledge configuration inextricably linked to asymmetrical colonial power relations.
Genealogy of the Singaporean black‐and‐white house
Authors: Ballantyne Andrew , Law Andrew
Published: November 2011

The distinctive black‐and‐white houses from Singapore's colonial era that survive in enclaves as fine dwellings for the present‐day elite have been recognized and documented as a type. In this paper we tell the story of their cultural formation, which is one of remarkable hybridity. Various influences were brought to bear and resolved into the black‐and‐white house‐type, which was not invented ‘all at once’ in Singapore, but developed over the course of more than two centuries. We begin the story in India, when British settlers learnt from local Bengali practices to make serviceable dwellings for a climate that they found difficult. The overhanging roofs that shaded walls and the tall internal volumes were formalized with reference to European expectations of geometry and finish, and the bungalow was born. In British Malaya the bungalow was further hybridized with the house on stilts that was well known to the indigenous tradition. This produced the spatial configuration that is to be found also in the Singapore houses, with their extensive verandas on an upper floor level. Their distinctive colouring comes from a different tradition: the black‐and‐white Tudoresque style that was very popular in Britain and sometimes called ‘Old English’. This was used by the British colonizers so that they could feel more at home in surroundings that were in a far‐off foreign cultural environment.
‘Tropical’ cosmopolitanism? The untoward legacy of the American style in postindependence Ceylon/Sri Lanka
Authors: Pieris Anoma
Published: November 2011

Using Homi Bhabha's discussion of vernacular cosmopolitanism as a starting point this paper attempts to reinterpret its thesis through an architectural reading of postindependence social transformations in Ceylon that coincided with the emergence of a new middle class. Inspired by American examples, suburban domestic architecture that was modest and repetitive and employed systematized construction methods made a break from a long history of labour intensive processes. This created channels through which American influences entered the local industry and were disseminated within it as an alternative ‘tropical’ modernism. This paper studies the location and marginalization of these influences within architectural discourse.
Under the billiard table: Animality, anecdote and the tiger's subversive significance at the Raffles Hotel
Authors: Chee Lilian
Published: November 2011

At the turn of the twentieth century, when tigers were already becoming extinct in Singapore, a living specimen was discovered under the Billiard Room of the Raffles Hotel. This paper attempts to discuss the significance of the tiger in relation to an architectural space – the Billiard Room of a Southeast Asian colonial hotel – by examining how its anecdotal forms – as propaganda, fact, myth and satire – have influenced perceptions of this space across different milieu. It argues that the tiger anecdote, while ontologically remote from the physical materiality of that building, has inevitably become inseparable from its architectural epistemology. Under these terms, it is impossible to talk about the architecture of the Billiard Room without incurring discussion about the factual, fictional and propagandistic aspects of the animal anecdote. As a subtext to these narratives, the location of the hotel in a tropical clime is key. Amidst the civil calm of the genteel Billiard Room, it is the tiger, which ably performs, or re‐enacts, the risk of the tropics. Yet, what is unusual about this tiger is that a reading of its anecdotal forms ultimately transgresses the stereotypes associated with colonialism, indigenous culture, tropical living and wildlife, and subsequently, these too affect interpretations of the architectural space. Drawing on original archival and historical material, the paper contributes to a theoretical and historical understanding of why the tiger under the Billiard Room at the Raffles' continues to be a spatially compelling idea.
Time‐Varying World and Regional Integration in Emerging European Equity Markets
Authors: Wang Ming‐Chieh , Shih Feng‐Ming
Published: November 2011

This study investigates time‐varying world and regional integration in emerging European markets. Categorising global and regional effects into return and volatility spillovers, we also examine the impact of time variation in these spillover effects based on the conditions of economic growth. Our results show that growth and currency depreciation can predict the degree of integration and spillover effects for these markets. The impact of growth on the level of regional integration is greater in countries with floating exchange rate regimes than in those with exchange controls. The world effect on European returns is stronger when the developed European region is in a recession. However, regional effects on the volatility of emerging European markets are greater during faster growth or weaker than expected economic growth.
Beyond Impression Management: Evaluating three measures of response distortion and their relationship to job performance
Authors: O'Connell Matthew S. , Kung Mei‐Chuan , Tristan Esteban
Published: November 2011

Three measures of response distortion (i.e., social desirability, covariance index, and implausible answers) were examined in both applicant and incumbent samples. Performance data, including supervisor ratings of task and contextual performance as well as objective performance criteria such as tardiness, work‐related accidents, and a customized work simulation, were obtained for the incumbent sample. Results provided further support for the existence of applicant faking behavior and shed light into the relationship between faking and job performance, largely depending on how one defines and measures faking as well as the performance criteria evaluated. Implications for future research and practice in personality assessment for selection purposes were discussed.
Why Do Emotionally Intelligent People Have Positive Work Attitudes? The mediating role of situational judgment effectiveness
Authors: Choi Daejeong , Oh In‐Sue , Guay Russell P. , Lee Eunjung
Published: November 2011

Although research on emotional intelligence (EI) has shown that EI is positively associated with successful work outcomes, little is known about why this is true. The present study hypothesized and tested the intervening process of situational judgment effectiveness (SJE) in the relationships between EI and work attitudes. Using survey responses from 288 employees in South Korea, we found that EI was positively associated with SJE and work attitudes (job satisfaction and organizational commitment), and that the relationships between EI and the work attitudes were partially mediated by SJE. Overall, our finding has incremental contribution to the EI and work attitudes literatures by demonstrating that SJE plays an important role in understanding the EI–work attitudes relationship.
Influences on Newcomers' Adjustment Tactic Use
Authors: Cooper‐Thomas Helena D. , Wilson Marie Gee
Published: November 2011

In recent years, organizational socialization research has focused increasingly on the tactics that newcomers use to guide their own adjustment. Various subsets of adjustment tactics have been studied, with minimal rationale as to why newcomers would use different behaviors. We present a typology for newcomer adjustment tactics, comprising opportunistic, self‐determined, and shared behaviors, to categorize and integrate all newcomer adjustment tactics identified to date. Next, we propose a model in which tactic use is a function of cost–benefit analyses – on performance, ego, and social dimensions – influenced by individual and contextual factors. This integrates the diverse literatures on socialization, adjustment, information seeking, feedback seeking, and coping. Integrating our initial tactics categorization and the cost–benefit model, we present a robust set of propositions that inform newcomers' perceptions and use of adjustment tactics. We conclude by presenting theoretical and practical implications for newcomer adjustment.
Organization Personality Perceptions and Attraction: The role of social identity consciousness
Authors: DeArmond Sarah , Crawford Elizabeth Crisp
Published: November 2011

The current study explores the theory of symbolic attraction. The theory suggests that social identity consciousness moderates the relationship between symbolic inferences between organizations and attraction to those organizations. The study explored the two dimensions of social identity consciousness (i.e., social adjustment concern and value expression concern) as moderators of the relationship between organization personality perceptions (i.e., boy scout, innovativeness, dominance, style, and thrift) and organization attraction. The results of the study suggest that value expression concern moderates the relationships between boy scout, innovativeness, style, and thrift perceptions and attraction such that the relationships between these variables are stronger among those high on value expression concern. There was no support for social adjustment concern as a moderator of these relationships.
A Five‐dimensional Model of Attributes: Some precursors of executive coach selection
Authors: Gray David E. , Ekinci Yuksel , Goregaokar Harshita
Published: November 2011

The purpose of this study was to specify a set of attributes, identified as important precursors to coach selection. Executive coaching has grown exponentially, but there have been few studies as to the efficacy of coaching, including the factors that influence a manager's choice of coach. This study sought to identify these factors. The 45‐item, online survey produced 267 useable responses. Results of the principal component analysis suggested a five‐factor solution, with women showing a statistically significant preference over men for coaches who have the Ability to Develop Critical Thinking and Action, the Ability to Forge the Coaching Partnership and Coach Experience and Qualifications. The impact of coachee age was not significant in selecting executive coaches. The findings show a statistically significant relationship between coach attributes and the intention to continue with coaching. The implications of these findings for the selection of coaches, and for the coaching profession are discussed.
Does Family‐Friendly Policy Matter? Testing Its Impact on Turnover and Performance
Authors: Lee Soo‐Young , Hong Jeong Hwa
Published: November 2011

This study investigates the relative effects of four types of family‐friendly policies—child care subsidies, paid leave for family care, telework, and alternative work schedules—on turnover rates and effectiveness in federal agencies. Contemporary social exchange theory predicts that an agency’s average level of satisfaction with a specific family‐friendly policy is negatively associated with turnover in the agency but positively associated with overall performance. This analysis differs from common expectations. Only child care subsidies show a positive, significant influence on reducing turnover. Child care subsidies and alternative work schedules reflect positive and significant influences on agency effectiveness. Ironically, an agency’s average satisfaction with telework arrangements proves to be a significant but negative effect on performance.
Do Donors Penalize Nonprofit Organizations with Accumulated Wealth?
Authors: Calabrese Thad D.
Published: November 2011

Does current accumulated wealth by nonprofit organizations influence contributions from individuals? Existing research demonstrates that financial reserves aid program continuity during economic downturns. Yet donors, charity watchdogs, and policy makers voice concern about accumulated wealth in nonprofits. This empirical analysis examines whether the expected negative relationship occurs when donors perceive accumulated wealth as excessive. The results support the conclusion that future contributions are negatively affected when wealth levels are deemed excessive. Nonprofit managers concerned that accumulated wealth will diminish donations should consider financial strategies that will allow their organizations to build modest—but not excessive—reserves.
The Future of the Study of Public Administration: Embedding Research Object and Methodology in Epistemology and Ontology
Authors: Raadschelders Jos C. N.
Published: November 2011

What should be done to advance the study of public administration? A strong argument is advanced by outgoing PAR managing editor Jos C. N. Raadschelders that the field benefits significantly from greater attention to ontology and epistemology. To be sure, empirical, evidence‐based research has its place, but its basis and the meaning of findings seldom are questioned. Why? Many public administration scholars seek “scientificness” through a disciplinary type of methodology. However, working within an inherently interdisciplinary field, public administration scholars cannot reduce the complex, wicked problems of society and government to mere empirical measurement. The author lays out five critical challenges confronting today’s public administration—both its study and research—requiring the field’s urgent attention in order to meet the comprehensive and rapidly expanding needs of specialists and generalists, practitioners and academicians, as well as the general public.
Federalist No. 1: How Would Publius Define Good Government Today?
Authors: Light Paul C.
Published: November 2011

Federalist No. 1 sets the basic framework for interpreting the U.S. Constitution. It contains an implied definition of “good government” that occupied the founders as they built a stronger national government. This essay explains the conflict embedded in the debate between the two theories of good government offered by Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson and asks how the competing definitions might be reconciled with recent experience.
Federalist No. 7: Is Disunion among the States a Hidden Source of Strength?
Authors: Smith Daniel L.
Published: November 2011

Federalist Nos. 6 and 7 address the problems of disunion that led the founders to imagine a stronger national government, arguing that the states were and would continue to be a source of unyielding conflict without national supremacy. This essay asks how the states have adjusted to the Constitution under the Tenth Amendment and posits that the states are a hidden source of energy toward good government in their own right.
Federalist No. 10: Are Factions the Problem in Creating Democratic Accountability in the Public Interest?
Authors: Knott Jack H.
Published: November 2011

Federalist No. 10 contains an optimistic view of the national government's ability to fulfill its obligations in the midst of what was, at the time, a small but challenged nation. This essay suggests that the founders did not anticipate the pernicious effects of rent seeking, corruption, and repression of minorities, and they failed to anticipate the calamities associated with slavery. The essay asks about the role of government as a party machine, a business, a policy process, and a contractor and examines a variety of contemporary theories for explaining government performance.
Federalist No. 23: Can the Leviathan Be Managed?
Authors: Newcomer Kathryn E. , Kee James Edwin
Published: November 2011

Federalist No. 23 offers a strong case for national power and the need to grant “means proportional to the end” to the new government. This essay argues that the founders could not have anticipated the breadth of today's national agenda and offers a framework for designing a more strategic and effective public enterprise.
Federalist No. 70: Where Does the Public Service Begin and End?
Authors: Wedel Janine R.
Published: November 2011

Federalist No. 70 argues that presidents will rise above factions through their power to assemble a government composed of highly motivated, accountable officers. The author confronts this assumption through a detailed examination of the heavy use of contractors in today’s administrative state. She documents the challenges and dangers associated with the role of contractors to execute the laws through broad mandates. An appendix to Federalist No. 70 offers a series of tweets that would introduce needed reforms in the hidden workforce of contractors.
Federalist No. 76: Does the Presidential Appointments Process Guarantee Control of Government?
Authors: Mackenzie G. Calvin
Published: November 2011

Federalist No. 76 describes the process for appointing the top officers of government, which was seen as essential for recruiting the aptitude and tendency toward good administration. This essay examines the process as it has evolved into a series of Herculean tests of political endurance. Having illuminated the founders’ basic intent for expeditious and honorable appointments, the analysis provides a troubling indictment of the continuing difficulties recruiting, confirming, and retaining dedicated citizens as guarantors of liberty.
Federalist No. 85: Has the National Government Become an “Awful Spectacle”?
Authors: Light Paul C.
Published: November 2011

Federalist No. 85 offers a synopsis of the overall case for the Constitution. Describing the dangers of a nation without a national government as an “awful spectacle,” the paper provides a rebuttal to the active opposition to ratification. Focusing entirely on the operations of government, this essay examines contemporary challenges to faithfully executing the laws and offers an analysis of comprehensive reforms for creating greater accountability, efficiency, and productivity.
Ambiguous Information, Portfolio Inertia, and Excess Volatility
Authors: ILLEDITSCH PHILIPP KARL
Published: November 2011

I study the effects of risk and ambiguity (Knightian uncertainty) on optimal portfolios and equilibrium asset prices when investors receive information that is difficult to link to fundamentals. I show that the desire of investors to hedge ambiguity leads to portfolio inertia and excess volatility. Specifically, when news is surprising, investors may not react to price changes even if there are no transaction costs or other market frictions. Moreover, I show that small shocks to cash flow news, asset betas, or market risk premia may lead to drastic changes in the stock price and hence to excess volatility.
Why Don't U.S. Issuers Demand European Fees for IPOs?
Authors: ABRAHAMSON MARK , JENKINSON TIM , JONES HOWARD
Published: November 2011

We compare fees charged by investment banks for conducting IPOs in the United States and Europe. In recent years, the “7% solution,” as documented by Chen and Ritter (2000), has become even more prevalent in the United States, and is now the norm for IPOs raising up to $250 million. The same banks dominate both markets, but European IPO fees are roughly three percentage points lower, are much more variable, and have been falling. We review explanations for the gap in spreads and find the evidence consistent with strategic pricing. U.S. issuers could have saved over $1 billion a year by paying European fees.
Continuing Medical Education Activity in Echocardiography
Authors: Fan Pohoey , Sharma Umesh , Tak Tahir
Published: November 2011

Article Title: Aortic Atheromas: Current Knowledge and Controversies: A Brief Review of the Literature (Echocardiography 2011;28:1156)
Validation of Tool Mark Analysis of Cut Costal Cartilage*,†
Authors: Love Jennifer C. , Derrick Sharon M. , Wiersema Jason M. , Peters Charles
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  This study was designed to establish the potential error rate associated with the generally accepted method of tool mark analysis of cut marks in costal cartilage. Three knives with different blade types were used to make experimental cut marks in costal cartilage of pigs. Each cut surface was cast, and each cast was examined by three analysts working independently. The presence of striations, regularity of striations, and presence of a primary and secondary striation pattern were recorded for each cast. The distance between each striation was measured. The results showed that striations were not consistently impressed on the cut surface by the blade’s cutting edge. Also, blade type classification by the presence or absence of striations led to a 65% misclassification rate. Use of the classification tree and cross‐validation methods and inclusion of the mean interstriation distance decreased the error rate to c. 50%.
Dental erosion and salivary flow rate in cerebral palsy individuals with gastroesophageal reflux
Authors: Guaré Renata O. , Ferreira Maria C. D. , Leite Mariana F. , Rodrigues Jonas A. , Lussi Adrian , Santos Maria T. B. R.
Published: November 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 367–371

Background:  A high prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) has been observed in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). One of the main risks for dental erosion is GERD. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of GERD, variables related to dental erosion and associated with GERD (diet consumption, gastrointestinal symptoms, bruxism), and salivary flow rate, in a group of 46 non‐institutionalized CP individuals aged from 3 to 13 years.

Methods:  Twenty CP individuals with gastroesophageal reflux (GERDG) and 26 without gastroesophageal reflux (CG) were examined according to dental erosion criteria, drinking habits, presence of bruxism, and salivary flow rate.

A face‐to‐face detailed questionnaire with the consumption and frequency of acid drinks, gastrointestinal symptoms (regurgitation and heart burn), and the presence of bruxism were answered by the caregivers of both groups. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected under slight suction, and salivary flow rate (ml/min) was calculated.

Results:  The GERDG presented higher percentages of younger quadriplegics individuals compared to CG. The presence of regurgitation, heart burn, and tooth erosion (Grade 1) was significantly more prevalent in GERDG. It was observed difference in the salivary flow rate between the studied groups. On logistic multivariate regression analysis, the unique variable independently associated with the presence of GERD was dental erosion (P = 0.012, OR 86.64).

Conclusion:  The presence of GERD contributes significantly to dental erosion in the most compromised individuals with quadriplegics cerebral palsy individuals, increasing the risk of oral disease in this population.
Does oral health matter in people’s daily life? Oral health‐related quality of life in adults 35–47 years of age in Norway
Authors: Dahl KE , Wang NJ , Öhrn K
Published: November 2011

To cite this article:
Int J Dent Hygiene
10, 2012; 15–21  DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2011.00533.x  Dahl KE, Wang NJ, Öhrn K. Does oral health matter in people’s daily life? Oral health‐related quality of life in adults 35–47 years of age in Norway.

Abstract:  Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oral health on aspects of daily life measured by the Dental Impact Profile (DIP) in 35‐ to 47‐year‐old individuals in Norway, and to study associations between reported effects and demographic variables, subjectively assessed oral health, general health, oral health behaviour and clinical oral health. Material and methods: A stratified randomized sample of 249 individuals received a questionnaire regarding demographic questions, dental visits, oral hygiene behaviour, self‐rated oral health and general health and satisfaction with oral health. The DIP measured the effects of oral health on daily life. Teeth present and caries experience were registered by clinical examination. Bi‐ and multivariate analyses and factor analysis were used. Results: Items most frequently reported to be positively or negatively influenced by oral health were chewing and biting, eating, smiling and laughing, feeling comfortable and appearance. Only 1% reported no effects of oral health. Individuals with fewer than two decayed teeth, individuals who rated their oral health as good or practised good oral health habits reported more positive effects than others on oral quality of life (P ≤ 0.05). When the variables were included in multivariate analysis, none was statistically significant. The subscales of the DIP were somewhat different from the originally suggested subscales. Conclusions: This study showed that most adults reported oral health to be important for masticatory functions and confirmed that oral health also had impacts on other aspects of life.
Relationship between obesity/overweight status, sugar consumption and dental caries among adolescents in South India
Authors: Honne T , Pentapati K , Kumar N , Acharya S
Published: November 2011

To cite this article:   Int J Dent Hygiene10, 2012; 240–244  DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2011.00534.x

Honne T, Pentapati K, Kumar N, Acharya S. Relationship between obesity/overweight status, sugar consumption and dental caries among adolescents in South India.

Abstract:  Objective: To evaluate the relationship between obesity/overweight status, sugar consumption and dental caries among adolescents in Udupi District, India. Methods: Study population consisted of 463 school children aged between 13 and 15 years. Information on age, sex, type of school attending and frequency of sugar consumption per day was recorded by a structured self‐administered questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI) (height in metres and weight in kilograms) and caries measurements (DMFT) were taken by a trained recorder according to standard criteria. Results: Majority of the children were having low normal weight, with 18.6% in overweight and 3.5% in obese groups. There was a significant difference in the frequency of sugar consumption between the BMI groups. Obese group of children had more caries than the overweight and low‐normal‐weight children. Correlation analysis showed significant positive relation with BMI, decayed teeth and DMFT. Regression analysis showed that caries experience had a significant association with male sex (OR = 2.09, CI = 1.01–4.33), overweight/obese (OR = 3.68, CI = 1.79–7.56) and frequency of sugar consumption more than once per day (OR = 3.13, CI = 1.25–7.85). Conclusion: There was a significant association between overweight/obesity and caries experience among school children of Udupi District. Obesity and dental caries have common risk determinants and require a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to paediatric patients by both medical and dental healthcare professionals.
Safety and efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy for depression following cerebrovascular accident
Authors: Romanowicz Magdalena , Sutor Bruce , Sola Christopher
Published: November 2011

Introduction: Depressive syndromes are common following cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and many patients do not respond to pharmacotherapy. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for mood disorders arising with many comorbid medical conditions. In this paper, we describe the successful treatment of post-CVA depression with ECT.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of 24 patients hospitalised for depression on an in-patient Medical Psychiatry unit between 2000 and 2010. Medical, neurologic and psychiatric histories, physical examination findings, results of laboratory, imaging and neurophysiologic investigations and treatment response with medications and ECT were recorded.

Results: Twenty patients (83%) showed a positive response to treatment with ECT. None had worsening of depression after the ECT or experienced exacerbation of post-stroke neurological deficits. Three patients suffered from minor complications of ECT (prolonged confusion or short-term memory problems).

Conclusions: This review supports the use of ECT after a stroke with appropriate clinical observation. The treatment was well tolerated and the majority obtained clinical benefit.
Effect of saliva viscosity on the co‐aggregation between oral streptococci and Actinomyces naeslundii
Authors: Kitada Katsuhiro , Oho Takahiko
Published: November 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00595.x

Effect of saliva viscosity on the co‐aggregation between oral streptococci and Actinomyces naeslundii

Background:  The co‐aggregation of oral bacteria leads to their clearance from the oral cavity. Poor oral hygiene and high saliva viscosity are common amongst the elderly; thus, they frequently suffer from pneumonia caused by the aspiration of oral microorganisms.

Objectives:  To examine the direct effect of saliva viscosity on the co‐aggregation of oral streptococci with actinomyces.

Materials and methods:  Fifteen oral streptococcal and a single actinomyces strain were used. Co‐aggregation was assessed by a visual assay in phosphate buffer and a spectrophotometric assay in the same buffer containing 0–60% glycerol or whole saliva.

Results:  Nine oral streptococci co‐aggregated with Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC12104 in the visual assay and were subsequently used for the spectrophotometric analysis. All tested strains displayed a decrease in co‐aggregation with increasing amounts of glycerol in the buffer. The co‐aggregation of Streptococcus oralis with A. naeslundii recovered to baseline level following the removal of glycerol. The per cent co‐aggregation of S. oralis with A. naeslundii was significantly correlated with the viscosity in unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva samples (correlation coefficients: −0.52 and −0.48, respectively).

Conclusion:  This study suggests that saliva viscosity affects the co‐aggregation of oral streptococci with actinomyces and that bacterial co‐aggregation decreases with increasing saliva viscosity.
Sexual Function in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Stovall Dale W. , Scriver Jessica L. , Clayton Anita H. , Williams Christopher D. , Pastore Lisa M.
Published: November 2011

Introduction

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinologic disorder. Little is known about the effects of PCOS on overall sexual functioning, phases of the sexual response cycle, and sexual satisfaction.

Aim

To compare the differences in sexual function between women with PCOS and controls, and to assess the relationship of serum testosterone, body mass index (BMI), hirsutism, and acne with sexual function scores in women with PCOS.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis in which women who met the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development criteria for PCOS were compared with a group of healthy volunteers.

Main Outcome Measures

Results from the validated Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ) were used to assess sexual function. In women with PCOS, serum testosterone levels, BMI, self-reported hirsutism, and acne were assessed as independent variables.

Results

Ninety-two women with PCOS and 82 controls were studied. Based on total CSFQ scores, sexual dysfunction was present in 27.2% of cases vs. 24.4% of controls (not signifcant). Women with PCOS had a significantly lower orgasm/completion score compared with women in the control group (P < 0.001). Women with PCOS whose testosterone levels were >1 standard deviation above the mean had significantly better sexual functioning vs. those within 1 SD (P = 0.015) and those >1 SD below the mean (P = 0.033). In women with PCOS, increasing BMI was associated with a significant reduction in the orgasm/completion subdomain, but no significant associations were found in regard to acne or hirsutism.

Conclusions

Women with PCOS have similar sexual functioning scores compared with controls except in regard to orgasm/completion. The subpopulation of women with PCOS whose serum testosterone levels are in the normal reproductive range are at increased risk for sexual dysfunction.
Parasitism of Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) by the endoparasitic wasp Pteromalus puparum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): Effects of parasitism on differential hemocyte counts, micro‐ and ultra‐structures of host hemocytes
Authors: Zhang Qian‐Qian , Huang Jia , Zhu Jia‐Ying , Ye Gong‐Yin
Published: November 2011

Abstract  Parasitism by the endoparasitic wasp Pteromalus puparum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) by using only its associated venom, can suppress the immunal responses of Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). However, up to now, current knowledge of the mechanisms has been limited. The response of host hemocytes to parasitism was investigated using a combination of light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Five hemocyte types, prohemocytes (PRs), granulocytes (GRs), plasmatocytes (PLs), oenocytoids (OEs) and coagulocytes (COs), were observed and characterized from both unparasitized and parasitized Pieris rapae pupae. Light microscopy showed that both GRs and PLs became more round and spread abnormally after parasitism, whereas the shape of other types of hemocytes remained unaffected. In addition, the size of PRs and PLs became larger while OEs became smaller. The proportion of PRs significantly increased after parasitism and that of PLs decreased by 43.9%, but there was no significant increase of GRs and OEs. TEM showed that all types of hemocytes except COs were damaged to various degrees after parasitism, especially resulting in electron opaque cytoplasm and nucleus, fewer cell organelles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and vesicles. Our results indicate that parasitism by P. puparum affects differential hemocyte counts and structures of host hemocytes, particularly for GRs and PLs, which may be the main cause of the parasitoid suppressing host cellular immune responses.
Niche overlap in allotopic and syntopic populations of sexually interacting ground‐hopper species
Authors: Hochkirch Axel , Gröning Julia
Published: November 2011

Abstract  There is accumulating evidence that sexual interactions among species (reproductive interference) could have dramatic effects for species’ coexistence. It has been shown that the fitness of individuals can be substantially reduced as a consequence of reproductive interference. This might subsequently lead to displacement of a species (sexual exclusion). On the other hand, some evolutionary and ecological mechanisms might enable species to coexist, such as the divergence of mate recognition systems (reproductive character displacement), habitat partitioning, clumped dispersion patterns or different colonization capabilities. We have previously shown that the two ground‐hopper species Tetrix subulata and Tetrix ceperoi interact sexually in the laboratory as well as in the field. At sites where both species co‐occur niche overlap was high, suggesting that coexistence is maintained by different niche breadths rather than by habitat partitioning. To test the hypothesis that habitat partitioning does not contribute to species’ coexistence, we examined whether allotopic and syntopic populations of these two species differ in niche overlap (competitive release). Our results show that niche overlap is higher in syntopic than in allotopic populations, suggesting that the site‐specific habitat structure (heterogeneity) has a stronger influence on microhabitat utilization than the presence of heterospecifics. Hence, our data do not support the hypothesis that habitat partitioning plays a substantial role for the coexistence of these sexually interacting species.
An essential role for the circadian‐regulated gene Nocturnin in osteogenesis: the importance of local timekeeping in skeletal homeostasis
Authors: Guntur Anyonya R. , Kawai Masanobu , Le Phuong , Bouxsein Mary L. , Bornstein Sheila , Green Carla B. , Rosen Clifford J.
Published: November 2011

The role of circadian proteins in regulating whole‐body metabolism and bone turnover has been studied in detail and has led to the discovery of an elemental system for timekeeping involving the core genes Clock, Bmal1, Per, and Cry. Nocturnin (Noc; Ccrn4l), a peripheral circadian‐regulated gene has been shown to play a very important role in regulating adipogenesis by deadenylation of key mRNAs and intracytoplasmic transport of PPARγ. The role that it plays in osteogenesis has previously not been studied in detail. In this report we examined in vitro and in vivo osteogenesis in the presence and absence of Noc and show that loss of Noc enhances bone formation and can rescue rosiglitazone‐induced bone loss in mice. The circadian rhythm of Noc is likely to be an essential element of marrow stromal cell fate.
Antagonists of LRP6 regulate PTH‐induced cAMP generation
Authors: Shi Chenhui , Li Jun , Wang Weishan , Cao Weiwei , Cao Xu , Wan Mei
Published: November 2011

LRP6 is a common coreceoptor for different G protein‐coupled seven‐transmembrane receptors in production of cAMP. Extracelluar proteins sclerostin and DKK1, initially identified as antagonists for Wnt signaling by binding to LRP6, are negative regulators for bone formation. Here, we show that both sclerostin and DKK1 inhibit PTH‐stimulated cAMP production. In addition, PTH suppresses expression of sclerostin in osteocytes in mice. We also found that sclerostin and DKK1 binds to LRP6 as antagonists to increase the availability of LRP6 to facilitate PTH signaling in a positive‐feedback fashion. These studies reveal a previously unrecognized function of sclerostin and DKK1, which provides an alternative explanation for the application of sclerostin and DKK1 neutralization on enhancing bone formation as a potential therapy for skeletal diseases.
Adrenergic stimulation decreases osteoblast oxytocin synthesis
Authors: Cuscito Concetta , Colaianni Graziana , Tamma Roberto , Greco Giovanni , Dell’Endice Stefania , Yuen Tony , Sun Li , Zaidi Mone , Di Benedetto Adriana , Zallone Alberta
Published: November 2011

Oxytocin (OT) regulates bone mass by inducing the differentiation of osteoblasts to a mature, mineralizing phenotype. We have shown recently that osteoblasts can synthesize OT. In view of known interactions between OT‐ergic and adrenergic neurons in the central nervous system, we questioned whether the negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation by adrenergic nerves was mediated through its suppression of OT synthesis. We first confirmed that α1b and β2 adrenergic receptors were expressed on both primary murine osteoblasts and MC3T3‐E1 cells. We then showed that α1 and β2 adrenergic agonists downregulated OT synthesis, and that the effect of each agonist was reversed by its respective antagonist. The data suggest that the negative effects of adrenergic stimulation on bone mass could, in part, arise from decreased OT synthesis.
Translational musculoskeletal science: Is sarcopenia the next clinical target after osteoporosis?
Authors: Matthews Gareth D. K. , Huang Christopher L.‐H. , Sun Li , Zaidi Mone
Published: November 2011

Translational medicine must increasingly turn its attention to the aging population and the musculoskeletal deterioration that it entails. The latter involves the integrated function of both muscle and bone. Musculoskeletal science has an established interest in such problems in relationship to osteoporosis of bone. The introductory concepts in this paper consider the extent to which loss of muscle mass and function, or sarcopenia, will be the next major translational target. Its epidemiology shows parallels with that of osteoporosis, and the two tissues have a close functional relationship. Its etiology likely involves a loss of motor units combined with cellular signaling and endocrine changes. Finally, the possibility of modification of these physiological changes in the context of management of the sarcopenic condition is considered.