bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Chronic Subdural Hematoma Using N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate With a D5W Push Technique: A Multicentric North American Study of 269 Patients
Authors: Abdelsalam Ahmed , Ramsay Ian A. , Luther Evan M. , Burks Joshua D. , Wu Eva M. , Silva Michael A. , Thompson John W. , Bandes Miguel , Fountain Hayes B. , Eatz Tiffany , Sanikommu Sai , Abla Adib A. , Salem Mohamed M. , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Srinivasan Visish M. , Brunozzi Denise , Alaraj Ali , Atwal Gursant , Al-Mufti Fawaz , Kellner Christopher P. , Rai Ansaar T. , Starke Robert M.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

As the aging population increases, the incidence of chronic subdural hematomas (cSDHs) is expected to rise. Surgical evacuation, though effective, sees up to 30% recurrence. Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization, particularly with n-butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) glue diluted in D5W for distal penetration, has shown promise in reducing recurrences. Limited reports have investigated the safety and technical feasibility of n-BCA as a primary liquid embolic agent using the D5W push technique in cSDH. This series is the largest in the literature investigating the outcomes of this technique in cSDH.

METHODS:

A multicenter retrospective database analysis was conducted on consecutive patients who underwent MMA embolization using n-BCA embolisate. Data collected included patient demographics, procedural information, angiographic data, and periprocedural complications.

RESULTS:

The study included 269 patients with a median age of 76 years. Nearly half of the patients had previous surgeries, and 93 underwent contralateral embolization for bilateral cSDH. Successful MMA embolization with effective distal penetration was achieved in all cases. The complication rate was 2.2%. Significant improvements were noted at a 60-day follow-up, with a median reduction in cSDH diameter of 40.6% (P < .001) and 53% of patients showing neurological improvement. No recurrent cSDH or need for retreatment was observed in patients who underwent follow-up.

CONCLUSION:

MMA embolization using n-BCA with the D5W push technique is safe and technically feasible. It can be used adjunctively or as an alternative to surgery in patients with cSDH, resulting in decreased recurrence, high technical success, improved distal penetration, and low complication rates.
Cadaveric Feasibility of Robotic-Assisted Radial Artery-Internal Carotid Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery Anastomosis for Neurovascular Surgery
Authors: Muto Jun , Nakatomi Hirofumi , Hirose Yuichi
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported cadaveric feasibility study of leader-follower type robotic-assisted middle cerebral artery (MCA)-radial artery-internal carotid artery anastomosis in the neurovascular surgery field using the da Vinci Xi system (da Vinci Surgical System; Intuitive Surgical, Inc.). Vascular suturing is a necessary skill in neurosurgery; however, the learning curve for deep and high-flow bypasses is severely low. Thus, robot-assisted surgery has been introduced. Here, we describe the surgical workflow adaptations of vascular anastomosis using the da Vinci system to assess the feasibility of robot-assisted anastomoses of the radial and middle cerebral arteries.

METHODS:

Two fresh cadaver heads were studied using the da Vinci Xi Surgical System with 0° and 30° stereoscopic endoscopes to visualize the neuroanatomy.

RESULTS:

The da Vinci Xi Surgical System was used throughout the anastomosis of the MCA and intracarotid artery. The optic nerve, optic chiasm, carotid artery, and oculomotor nerve were visualized using standard microdissection techniques. The Sylvian fissure was exposed from the proximal Sylvian membrane to the distal MCA. Using black diamond microforceps and Potts scissors, suturing was achieved on the radial artery-middle cerebral artery using 8-0 Prolene and on the radial artery-internal carotid artery using 7-0 Prolene.

CONCLUSION:

A bypass of the MCA-radial artery-internal carotid artery can be achieved using the da Vinci Xi Surgical System in cadaver models. This system provides experts and less experienced neurosurgeons with stable bypass techniques for both superficial and deep-seated arteries. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the safety and benefits of the da Vinci Xi Surgical System for bypass procedures.
Μελέτη των γενετικών πολυμορφισμών των κύριων πρωτεϊνών στο ελληνικό γάλα με στόχο τη χρήση τους ως γενετικό αποτύπωμα στην παραγωγή και τη νοθεία
Authors: Αντωνόπουλος Διονύσιος
Published: September 2024

Η αξία του γάλακτος και παραγώγων του ως διατροφικά προϊόντα για τον άνθρωπο έχει από αρχαιοτάτων χρόνων αναγνωριστεί: από το θηλασμό των νεογνών ως και τη δημιουργία γαλακτοκομικών προϊόντων, το γάλα αποτελούσε ανέκαθεν μέρος της ανθρώπινης καθημερινότητας και ήταν συνυφασμένο με την ευμάρεια και τη μητρική φροντίδα, καθώς αποτελεί πηγή θρεπτικών ουσιών, ενέργειας και δομικών συστατικών για τον οργανισμό. Στο γάλα των μηρυκαστικών υπάρχουν έξι βασικοί τύποι πρωτεϊνών γάλακτος: η αS1-καζεΐνη (αS1-CN), η β-καζεΐνη (β-CN), η λακτοσφαιρίνη (β-LG), η α-λακτοαλβουμίνη (α-LA) η αS2-καζεΐνη (αS2-CN) και η Κ-Καζεϊνη(k-CN). Σε αυτά τα γονίδια εμφανίζονται μεταλλάξεις κατά τη διάρκεια των ετών, οι οποίες οδηγούν στην εμφάνιση πολλών αλληλόμορφων. Οι αλλαγές αυτές, που ονομάζονται πολυμορφισμοί, προκαλούνται από την αναδιάρθρωση των γονιδίων (αντικατάσταση ενός νουκλεοτιδίου με άλλο) και μπορεί να οδηγήσουν είτε στην τροποποίηση της έκφρασης των γονιδίων, είτε στην απενεργοποίηση της έκφρασης γονιδίων και συνεπώς τροποποίηση της αλληλουχίας αμινοξέων στις πρωτεΐνες που κωδικοποιούνται από αυτά τα γονίδια. Οι μεταλλάξεις αυτές είναι δυνατό να έχουν θετική επίδραση, όπως π.χ. στην περιεκτικότητα της καζεΐνης, τη σταθερότητα του τυροπήγματος, στο χρόνο πήξης και την απόδοση του τυριού, ενώ ορισμένοι γενετικοί πολυμορφισμοί αποτέλεσμα μεταλλάξεων, μπορεί να έχουν και αρνητικές συνέπειες. Στην παρούσα διατριβή εστιάσαμε στο γονίδιο της β- καζεΐνης. Οι βασικοί τύποι της β-καζεΐνης είναι οι Α1 και Α2. Η Α1-β- καζεΐνη ξεκίνησε να παράγεται αντί της Α2-β- καζεΐνης ως αποτέλεσμα μιας φυσικής μετάλλαξης ενός γονιδίου σε αγελάδες Holsteins. Έχει βρεθεί ότι η Α1-β- καζεΐνη σχετίζεται με ορισμένες ασθένειες και διαταραχές σε ανθρώπους, όπως πεπτικές διαταραχές, διαβήτης τύπου 1, αλλεργίες, ισχαιμικά επεισόδια, σύνδρομο αιφνίδιου θανάτου νηπίων, σχιζοφρένεια και αυτισμός. Αντίθετα η Α2-β- καζεΐνη δεν προκαλεί αντίστοιχα προβλήματα.Στόχο της παρούσας διατριβής αποτέλεσε η χαρτογράφηση ελληνικών φυλών αγελάδας, βουβάλου και αίγας, η μελέτη του γενετικού πολυμορφισμού των γονιδίων των πρωτεϊνών γάλακτος, καθώς επίσης και η αξιολόγηση των διαφορετικών γονιδίων και η σύγκριση με τα ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά του γάλακτος. Ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον παρουσιάζει η συσχέτιση των γενετικών πολυμορφισμών των φυλών με την ποιότητα του γάλακτος που είναι ένα προϊόν με την μεγαλύτερη εμπορική αξία στην Ελλάδα. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, στην παρούσα διατριβή εφαρμόστηκαν μέθοδοι για την ταυτοποίηση αυτών των πολυμορφισμών (και κατ’ επέκταση σύγκριση των ελληνικών με ευρωπαϊκές φυλές αγελάδων) με στόχο τη μελλοντική χρήση τους ως γενετικό αποτύπωμα για την παραγωγή αλλά και τον εντοπισμό νοθείας γάλακτος αλλά και γαλακτοκομικών προϊόντων.
Η ευρωπαϊκή διαχείριση των μεικτών μεταναστευτικών ροών
Authors: Σύρμος Νικόλαος
Published: September 2024

Το κοινό ευρωπαϊκό σύστημα ασύλου αποτελεί ένα πολύ σημαντικό επίτευγμα της Ε.Ε το οποίο έχει μια μακρά πορεία σταδιακής δημιουργίας μέχρι να λάβει τη μορφή που έχει σήμερα. Ωστόσο, η κορύφωση της προσφυγικής και μεταναστευτικής κρίσης στην Ευρώπη στα μέσα της περασμένης δεκαετίας ανέδειξε με τον πλέον εμφατικό τρόπο τις δομικές αδυναμίες του και έφερε στο προσκήνιο συζητήσεις, οι οποίες καλούσαν σε λήψη αυστηρότερων πολιτικών διαχείρισης των μεικτών μεταναστευτικών ροών.Την ίδια στιγμή, η Αυστραλία, μια χώρα η οποία έχει μακρά παράδοση στην φιλοξενία προσφύγων και μεταναστών στο έδαφος της, έχει αναπτύξει μια ιδιαίτερα αμφιλεγόμενη πολιτική για την αποτελεσματική αντιμετώπιση αντίστοιχων ροών προς το έδαφος της. Στο επίκεντρο αυτής βρίσκεται η μεταφορά των αιτούντων διεθνή προστασία σε τρίτα συνεργαζόμενα κράτη και η εξωεδαφική εξέταση των αιτημάτων τους με προοπτική είτε παραμονής τους εκεί μετά την αναγνώριση τους είτε μεταφοράς τους σε άλλα κράτη. Η εν λόγω πολιτική δέχεται δριμεία κριτική από εθνικούς και διεθνείς δρώντες, κράτη, οργανισμούς και την οργανωμένη κοινωνία των πολιτών αναφορικά με την συμβατότητα της με τις διεθνείς νομικές δεσμεύσεις της χώρας. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι η διερεύνηση της δυνατότητας εφαρμογής μιας πολιτικής αντίστοιχης με της Αυστραλίας από την Ε.Ε στα πλαίσια μιας αποτελεσματικής αντιμετώπισης των αυξημένων μεικτών ροών προς το έδαφος της. Ως εκ τούτου και προκειμένου να δοθεί η απάντηση στο ερώτημα αυτό παρουσιάζεται το νομικό και θεσμικό πλαίσιο του κοινού ευρωπαϊκού συστήματος ασύλου και οι παθογένειες που αυτό έχει. Ακολούθως, εξετάζεται και παρουσιάζεται το αντίστοιχο σύστημα της Αυστραλίας, οι βάσεις ανάπτυξης της πολιτικής διαχείρισης των μεικτών μεταναστευτικών ροών και η αποτελεσματικότητα αυτής. Τέλος, διερευνάται αν η πολιτική αυτή θα μπορούσε να προσαρμοστεί στο ευρωπαϊκό περιβάλλον και να είναι συμβατή με την ευρωπαϊκή έννομη τάξη καθώς και ποιες εναλλακτικές επιλογές υπάρχουν για την Ε.Ε προκειμένου να καταστεί ικανή να αντιμετωπίσει μια παρόμοια κρίση στο μέλλον. Η σχετική μεθοδολογία που χρησιμοποιείται στην παρούσα εργασία αφορά την διερεύνηση και μελέτη ελληνικής και ξενόγλωσσης βιβλιογραφίας και αρθρογραφίας, καθώς και την αξιοποίηση πρωτογενών κειμένων και πηγών.Η έρευνα καταλήγει στο συμπέρασμα πως μια αποτελεσματική αλλά ωστόσο αμφιλεγόμενη ως προς τη νομιμότητα της πολιτική διαχείρισης των μεικτών μεταναστευτικών ροών στα πρότυπα της Αυστραλίας δεν θα είχε ρεαλιστική βάση εφαρμογής από την Ε.Ε. Οι ιδρυτικές συνθήκες και το ενωσιακό δίκαιο συνολικά είναι μη συμβατά με πολιτικές οι οποίες δεν αντανακλούν τις θεμελιώδεις αρχές της Ε.Ε. Ως εκ τούτου, η Ε.Ε οφείλει να στραφεί σε άλλες λύσεις εκσυγχρονισμού του κοινού ευρωπαϊκού συστήματος ασύλου, καθιστώντας το ικανό να ανταποκριθεί στις σύγχρονες προκλήσεις.
Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for individuals with gambling disorder in Indonesia: protocol for a pilot and feasibility study
Authors: Siste Kristiana , Hanafi Enjeline , Murtani Belinda Julivia , Baigent Michael , Riley Ben J , Sessions Jayne , Sen Lee Thung , Christian Hans , Aryani Astria , Kusuma Kevin Surya
Published: September 2024

Background Gambling disorder (GD) has become a wide concern in Indonesia, as many negative consequences arise from this psychiatric condition. Prompt treatment with an appropriate method of delivery is required to achieve optimal outcomes in GD patients. This protocol paper outlines a study to determine the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) in treating GD in Indonesia. Methods This non-randomized pilot and feasibility study will recruit 20 people with GD. All participants will receive the iCBT intervention through self-learning videos and guided weekly group sessions. The effectiveness of the intervention will be assessed at baseline (week 0), post- treatment completion (week 10), and 6 weeks post-treatment (week 16). The outcomes measured will be the change in gambling symptoms, gambling urges, cognitive distortions, readiness to change, emotional problems, and quality of life of the participants. Discussion The feasibility of iCBT for GD patients in Indonesia will be assessed by this study. The study’s results will give an indication of the acceptability of the intervention and the feasibility of a subsequent conclusive trial. The delivery of iCBT may help to address the issue of treatment access in an extensive geographical region and provide immediate implications as a treatment resource for GD in practice.
Effectiveness of health education in forensic psychiatry departments
Authors: Fojcik Joanna , Górski Mchał , Krzystanek Marek
Published: September 2024

Cel pracy

Przedmiotem badania była ocena wartości terapeutycznej autorskiego programu edukacji zdrowotnej opracowanego dla grupy pacjentów oddziałów psychiatrii sądowej prowadzonego w grupie pacjentów długotrwale izolowanych od ich naturalnego środowiska. Celem głównym badania była odpowiedź na pytanie czy edukacja zdrowotna prowadzona w oddziałach psychiatrii sądowej jest skuteczna i jaką przedstawia wartość w procesie leczenia i rehabilitacji pacjentów oddziałów psychiatrii sądowej.

Metoda

Badanie zostało przeprowadzone w Państwowym Szpitalu dla Nerwowo i Psychicznie Chorych w Rybniku w oddziałach psychiatrii sądowej i trwało od grudnia 2019r do maja 2020r. Podczas badania pacjenci zdobywali wiedzę z zakresu szeroko pojętej edukacji zdrowotnej. Grupę badaną stanowiło 67 mężczyzn w przedziale wiekowym od 22 – 73 lat z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii. Metodę dwukrotnych pomiarów (przed cyklem edukacji zdrowotnej i po jej ukończeniu) zastosowano przy użyciu autorskiego kwestionariusza wiedzy pacjentów z zastosowanego programu edukacyjnego.

Wyniki

Po realizacji programu edukacji zdrowotnej nastąpiła istotna poprawa stanu wiedzy pacjentów.

Wnioski

Działania edukacyjne prowadzone wśród pacjentów oddziałów psychiatrii sądowej skutecznie zwiększają poziom ich wiedzy.
An Example of a New Approach, New Assessment, New Statistical Inference, and New Conclusions from the Published Research by Nikipelova, O., Pyliak, N., & Hodorchuk, V. (2023). Organic fertilizers in increase of hazelnut yield. Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Phytosanitary Safety, (69), 118-128. https://doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2023.69.118-128.
Authors: Zukow Walery
Published: September 2024

Background: The declining availability of traditional organic fertilizers and the need for sustainable waste management solutions have sparked interest in alternative nutrient sources for agriculture. This study investigates the potential of sewage sludge-based biofertilizers in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivation, addressing both agricultural productivity and environmental concerns.
Objective: To evaluate and compare the effects of sewage sludge-based biofertilizers with traditional organic fertilizers on soil agrochemical properties and assess their environmental safety in hazelnut plantations in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods: A two-year field experiment (2021-2022) was conducted, comparing six treatments: control (no fertilizer), cattle manure, chicken manure, two formulations of sewage sludge-based biofertilizers, and pure sewage sludge. Soil samples were analyzed for easily hydrolyzable nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and potassium, organic matter content, and ecotoxicity. Advanced statistical analyses, including ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc tests, paired t-tests, and correlation analyses, were employed to assess treatment effects and temporal changes.
Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between fertilizer treatments for all major nutrients (p < 0.05). Sewage sludge-based Biofertilizer No. 1 demonstrated superior performance in increasing soil phosphorus content compared to traditional organic fertilizers (306.30 mg/kg vs. 174.75 mg/kg for cattle manure, p < 0.05). All organic fertilizers, including biofertilizers, significantly improved soil nitrogen content over the two-year period (p < 0.05). Potassium levels showed a significant increase (13.41% year-over-year, p < 0.05), while changes in nitrogen and phosphorus levels suggested positive trends but did not reach statistical significance. Importantly, ecotoxicity levels remained low (E < 1.5) across all treatments, indicating minimal short-term environmental risk.
Conclusions: This study provides compelling evidence for the potential of sewage sludge-based biofertilizers as effective and environmentally safe alternatives to traditional organic fertilizers in hazelnut cultivation. The findings have significant implications for sustainable agriculture, waste management, and circular economy practices. However, long-term studies are recommended to fully assess the cumulative effects on soil health, crop productivity, and potential contaminant accumulation. This research contributes to the development of innovative, sustainable fertilization strategies that can address both agricultural productivity and environmental conservation needs.
Analysis of the Effects of Regular Yoga on the Adaptive Capacity of the Nervous System
Authors: Szafraniec Julia , Biesok Mateusz , Lewoniuk Natalia , Szczurek Katarzyna , Szczepanek Dawid , Szwinge Anna , Szwancyber Julianna , Świerz Krzysztof , Wacławik Weronika , Macherski Maksymilian
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
Introduction: Regular yoga practice positively affects physical and mental health, including stress reduction, emotional regulation, and cognitive enhancement. Recent research highlights yoga's potential to strengthen the nervous system's adaptability, promoting well-being and managing stress and anxiety.
Aim of the study: This review aimed to demonstrate yoga's influence on nervous system adaptability and provide an overview of how yoga practices enhance neuroadaptation, highlighting benefits in improving neural resilience and adaptive capacities.
Materials and methods: This paper analyzes current knowledge on the neurological consequences of excessive body weight. The review focused on clinical studies from 2018 to 2024, including review papers and meta-analyses. Literature was reviewed from PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords: “yoga,” “nervous system,” “stress,” “anxiety,” “depression,” “sleep problems,” “Alzheimer's disease,” “Parkinson's disease,” “epilepsy,” and “emotion regulation.”
Discussion: Yoga significantly impacts the nervous system's adaptive capacity, improving mental and physical health. Regular practice enhances neuronal plasticity, aiding stress management and cognitive functions. Yoga breathing techniques reduce cortisol levels and increase certain neurotransmitters, regulating mood and autonomic nervous system function. The study did not explore different types of yoga on specific disorders, indicating a need for further research.
Conclusions: This paper underscores yoga's role in enhancing the nervous system's adaptive capacity. Yoga shows promise in improving neural resilience and adaptive capacities, making it a valuable holistic healthcare approach. Understanding these benefits can guide healthcare professionals in integrating yoga into strategies to improve patient well-being, emphasizing its role in fostering physical and mental resilience.
Impact of physical activity on gastrointestinal health and prevention and treatment of common gastrointestinal diseases: Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Mąsior Magdalena Natalia , Kapler Marta , Kotuła Jacek , Zinkow Karolina
Published: September 2024

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), among them Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are common chronic diseases affecting a growing group of patients. Physical activity (PA) is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. The aim of the study was to critically evaluate current knowledge of impact of PA on gastrointestinal (GI) health and prevention and treatment of some most common GI tract diseases, such as IBS and IBD. The comprehensive research of literature available on PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate and Springer Link was performed. PA improves function of GI by increasing colon transit and bowel movements. These mechanisms contribute to reducing the risk of colorectal cancer and, to varying degrees depending on location, other digestive-system cancers. There is a potential association between PA and the more health-beneficial gut microbiota, but more research in this area is needed. Sedentary lifestyle seems to be a risk factor for IBD, while physical activity seems to be a protective factor only for Crohn disease. Altough, PA contributes to improvement of quality of life and reduction of stress in patients with IBD, futher conclusions on the effect of PA on the course of ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease still require expanded research. Available literature suggests that physical activity prevents obesity, a proven risk factor for worsening the course of the disease, and osteoporosis, an important complication of glucocorticosteroid therapy. Despite evidence of a sedentary lifestyle as a risk factor for IBS, there is still a lack of studies examining the impact of physical activity as a protective factor. the number of RCTs examining the effect of PA on the course of IBS remains insufficient, and studies conducted should take into account the various symptoms of IBS.
El uso de ChatGPT en la escritura académica: Un estudio de caso en educación
Authors: Baldrich Kevin , Domínguez-Oller Juana Celia
Published: September 2024

La Alfabetización académica enfrenta nuevos retos con la emergencia de la Inteligencia Artificial, concretamente en el ámbito de la escritura académica universitaria. Por ello, este estudio investiga el impacto de ChatGPT en la calidad de los trabajos académicos de 33 estudiantes (7 grupos) del Grado de Educación Infantil. El proyecto se desarrolló en tres fases, mediante un estudio de caso descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, que consistió en: 1) una evaluación inicial mediante una encuesta ad hoc cerrada para conocer las experiencias previas al uso de ChatGPT 2) un análisis comparativo de trabajos académicos con y sin ChatGPT analizado mediante una rúbrica y una tabla comparativa 3) una encuesta ad hoc de preguntas abiertas para conocer las experiencias del proyecto que posteriormente se categorizaron con el Software Atlas.ti. Los resultados revelan mejoras en la escritura de los trabajos como en coherencia, cohesión, lenguaje académico... pero también ciertas deficiencias. Se concluye que ChatGPT puede servir como complemento de trabajos académicos, siendo más efectivo cuando los estudiantes ya poseen una base en habilidades críticas, éticas y argumentativas.
Enmarcando las aplicaciones de IA generativa como herramientas para la cognición en educación
Authors: Fuertes Alpiste Marc
Published: September 2024

Las aplicaciones de IA generativa permiten funciones útiles para el aprendizaje basadas en la generación de contenidos. Este artículo ofrece un marco teórico para entenderlas como herramientas para la cognición (HPC), enmarcado en la perspectiva de la teoría sociocultural, la teoría de la actividad y la cognición distribuida. Esta perspectiva ejemplifica cómo el pensamiento no sólo está empaquetado dentro de la mente, sino que se distribuye entre sujetos, objetos y artefactos, donde las herramientas median la actividad humana y ayudan en las funciones ejecutivas del pensamiento. Encarna una visión en la que los alumnos construyen su conocimiento con ellas, aprovechando sus posibilidades. Es la concepción de aprender "con" la tecnología en lugar de la visión tradicional de aprender "de" la tecnología, donde las aplicaciones tecnológicas se limitan a proporcionar información y evaluar las respuestas de los estudiantes. Finalmente, describimos las aplicaciones de IA Generativa como HPC siguiendo los criterios pragmáticos y pedagógicos de David Jonassen, como la capacidad de representación del conocimiento, la facilitación del pensamiento crítico y significativo (basado en preguntas y prompts) y cómo permiten el pensamiento complejo entre estudiantes cuando se utilizan en tareas de aprendizaje, solamente cuando las funciones ejecutivas las realizan ellos.
Percepciones de autoeficacia en docentes en formación en España: un estudio de caso de microenseñanza utilizando realidad virtual inmersiva
Authors: Rodríguez Gil María Esther , Sandu Bianca Manuela , Santana-Perera Beatriz
Published: September 2024

El sentido de autoeficacia del profesorado en formación (PSTs) se estudia cada vez más por su impacto en el desarrollo profesional. Métodos como la microenseñanza han demostrado mejorar la autoeficacia del PSTs. Este estudio examina el impacto de la microenseñanza, grabada con cámaras de realidad virtual inmersiva (iVR), en la autoeficacia del PSTs. Se exploran los niveles de autoeficacia de los PSTs antes y después de la microenseñanza y sus percepciones posteriores. Utilizando un enfoque de método mixto, realizamos un diseño cuasi-experimental de pretest-postest con la Escala de Autoeficacia del Profesor (TSES) y grupos focales. El estudio involucró a 27 PSTs de inglés de un programa de máster en la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. El análisis cuantitativo mostró alta fiabilidad en las tres dimensiones de la TSES: estrategias de instrucción, gestión del aula y compromiso de los estudiantes, con mejoras significativas postest con respecto a las estrategias de enseñanza. El análisis cualitativo destacó la importancia de estas dimensiones junto con el uso innovador de iVR. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que comprender las interacciones que afectan la autoeficacia puede mejorar el diseño de programas de formación docente, promover el crecimiento profesional y la confianza de los futuros educadores.
Explorando tendencias sociales en las discusiones sobre cohousing y coliving en X(Twitter) mediante el uso de técnicas de PNL y de análisis de texto
Authors: Sosa Ramírez Rafael , Vázquez Cano Esteban , Díaz-Díaz Norberto , López-Meneses Eloy
Published: September 2024

La investigación analiza las tendencias y variaciones en las discusiones relacionadas con cohousing y coliving en la red social X (anteriormente conocida como Twitter) entre 2019 y 2022. Utilizando técnicas avanzadas de análisis de redes de texto, la investigación utilizó Python y Snscrape para el preprocesamiento de texto, seguido por la construcción de gráficos de red y la detección de comunidades. El estudio emplea modelos de Asignación Latente de Dirichlet (LDA) para identificar los temas de discusión en los tweets y calcula el tf-idf de bigramas dentro de los principales clusters temáticos. Este estudio evalúa la importancia relativa de estos bigramas en función de su frecuencia en los documentos analizados. Los resultados revelan un patrón fractal de propagación de influencia dentro de la red social X. Temas clave como espacios de trabajo compartido, pisos en alquiler y planificación urbana destacan de manera prominente en las discusiones sobre la vivienda colaborativa, demostrando el impacto multifacético de los modelos de convivencia en diversas poblaciones. Esta investigación proporciona información esencial sobre el intrincado panorama de las conversaciones sobre la vivienda colaborativa, resaltando el papel fundamental de los modelos de convivencia en la atención de desafíos contemporáneos.
First-Order Algorithms for Robust Optimization Problems via Convex-Concave Saddle-Point Lagrangian Reformulation
Authors: Postek Krzysztof , Shtern Shimrit
Published: September 2024

Robust optimization (RO) is one of the key paradigms for solving optimization problems affected by uncertainty. Two principal approaches for RO, the robust counterpart method and the adversarial approach, potentially lead to excessively large optimization problems. For that reason, first-order approaches, based on online convex optimization, have been proposed as alternatives for the case of large-scale problems. However, existing first-order methods are either stochastic in nature or involve a binary search for the optimal value. We show that this problem can also be solved with deterministic first-order algorithms based on a saddle-point Lagrangian reformulation that avoid both of these issues. Our approach recovers the other approaches’ [Formula: see text] convergence rate in the general case and offers an improved [Formula: see text] rate for problems with constraints that are affine both in the decision and in the uncertainty. Experiment involving robust quadratic optimization demonstrates the numerical benefits of our approach.

History: Accepted by Antonio Frangioni, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms–Continuous.

Funding: This work was supported by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek [Grant VI.Veni.191E.035] and the Israel Science Foundation [Grant 1460/19].

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0200 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0200 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Do Consumers Respond to Social Movements? Evidence from Gender-Stereotypical Purchases After #MeToo
Authors: Bellet Clément S. , Dubois David , Godart Frédéric
Published: September 2024

This paper explores whether and how consumers respond to global social movements challenging systemic discrimination and stereotypes. We examine the impact of the #MeToo movement on the market for products with stereotypical markers of femininity. Our analysis of high-frequency stockout and price data from a leading global fashion retailer spans from January 2017 to December 2018 and covers 32 countries, or 89% of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) population. Using a triple-difference approach across time, countries, and products, we identify changes in product-level stockouts, corresponding to a drop in the purchase of stereotypically “feminine” items. Our findings suggest a sudden shift in demand, with no immediate adjustments in product assortments or pricing. We discuss potential driving mechanisms, as well as implications for product management and marketing in marketplaces where segmentation is gender based.

This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02352 .
Good Prophets Know When the End Is Near
Authors: Banerjee Siddhartha , Freund Daniel
Published: September 2024

We consider a class of online decision-making problems with exchangeable actions, where in each period a controller is presented an input type drawn from some stochastic arrival process. The controller must choose an action, and the final objective depends only on the aggregate type-action counts. Such a framework encapsulates many online stochastic variants of common optimization problems with knapsack, bin packing, and generalized assignment as canonical examples. In such settings, we study a natural model-predictive control algorithm. We introduce general conditions under which this algorithm obtains uniform additive loss (independent of the horizon) compared with an optimal solution with full knowledge of arrivals. Our condition builds on the recently introduced compensated coupling technique, providing a unified view of how uniform additive loss arises as a consequence of the geometry of the underlying decision-making problem. Our characterization allows us to derive uniform loss algorithms for several new settings, including the first such algorithm for online stochastic bin packing. It also lets us study the effect of other modeling assumptions, including choice of horizon, batched decisions, and limited computation. In particular, we show that our condition is fulfilled by the above-mentioned problems when the end of the time horizon is known sufficiently long before the end. In contrast, if at a late stage, there is still uncertainty about the end of the time horizon we show that such uniform loss guarantees are impossible to achieve. We use real and synthetic data to illustrate our findings.

This paper was accepted by J. George Shanthikumar, data science.

Funding: This work was supported by the Division of Mathematical Sciences [Grant 1839346]; the Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems [Grant 1847393]; and the Army Research Laboratory [Grant W911NF-17-1-0094]. The authors also gratefully acknowledge support from the NSF [Grants ECCS-1847393, CNS-195599, and DMS-1839346], AFOSR [Grant FA9550-23-1-0068], an ARL award [Grant W911NF-17-1-0094], and ARO MURI [Grant W911NF-19-1-0217].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.04307 .
Family Environment Perceptions between the Schizophrenic Families and the Normal Families
Authors: Lee Kyoung Ran , Kang Eun Sil
Published: September 2024

This study was carried out to provide the basic data for efficient family nursing of schizophrenic families through the investigation of the difference on perception of family environment between schizophrenic families and normal families.The subject were family members of schizophrenics who had been treated in seven psychiatric clinics and hospitals located in Pusan and Kyungsangnam—do and the control group were residents who lived in Pusan and had no history of psychiatric illness.Interviews methods were used to investigate the difference of perception on family environment be tween two groups. All of the data were analyzed using SPSS.The results were summerized as follows. :1. General characteristics Family shape and economic supporter were sig nificantly different, however, in items including sex, age, education, religion, economic status, number of family living together, length of marriage and pos ition within the family were not different between two groups.2. Family Environment Scale Perception score on relationship of dimension was significantly low in schizophrenic family group, but that of personal growth and system maintenance dimensions was not different between two groups respectively.Among ten items of three dimensions, the scores of intellectual cultural orientation and active rec reational orientation were significantly low, but the score of conflict was high in schizophrenic family group compared with normal control group.3. Relation between general characteristics and perception scores at the level of three dimensions.At the level of relation maintenance dimension, general characteristics with high score of perception were family position, but that with low score of perception were sex (male, female), economic (high, middle, low), family shape (parent, parents), length of marriage (below 19 years, above 20 years), position in family (son, others), age (below 30, above 50), education(elemen tary, high school, university graduation), religion (Buddhism), occupation (sale/labour, house wife/no job), number of families living together (below 5) and economic supporter (parents). At the level of personal growth dimension, general characteristics with high score of perception was high school graduates, but that with low score were male in sex, housewife/no job in occupation and over 6 numbers of family living together in schizophrenic family group compared with normal control group. At the level of system maintenance dimension, general characteristics with high score of perception were high economic status and parents/others in the position of family, but that with low score of perception were middle economic status and officer/ manager in occupation in schizophrenic families.
The Comparative Study of Depression between Mothers with Psychotic Child and with Nonpsychotic Child
Authors: Park Hyun Sook
Published: September 2024

The study concerned with the investigation of depression of mothers with psychotic child compared that of mothers with nonpsychotic child.The subjects consisted of a total 126 mothers, 62 mothers with psychotic child and 64 mothers with nonpsychotic child residing in Taegu city. The data were collected from 10，February to 15, August, 1997. The data were analyzed by the Spss /pc + with t—test, Chi-Square test, Pearson Correlation Coefficients, Fisher test, and Stepwise multiple regression.The results were as follows :1. The mean of depression score of mothers with psychotic child was 19.20 as compared with that of mothers with nonpsychotic child 15.76.The difference was statistically significant. 2. The relation between social support and depression of mothers with psychotic child and with nonpsychotic child revealed significantly negative correlation.The relation between resourcefulness and depression of mothers with psychotic child and with nonpsychotic child revealed significantly negative correlation.The relation between active coping and depression of mothers with psychotic child and with nonpsychotic child revealed significantly negative correlation.3. The correlation coefficient between resourceful ness and depression of mothers with psychotic child was significantly higher than that of mothers with nonpsychotic child.4. The predictive variables for the level of depression were identified.In mothers with psychotic child, the variables were social support, resourcefulness, employment, age in this order. These variables predicted the level of depression at the level of 54.68%.In mothers with nonpsychotic child, the variables were social support, age in this order. These variables predicted the level of depression at the level of 40.93%.The implication for nursing is that there is a need to develop nursing intervention for mothers with psychotic child to decrease depression due to stress.
Effects of a Sociability Promotion Program on Peer Relation and Loneliness of Childpsychiatric inpatients
Authors: Kim Jeong Lim , Im Sook Bin , Park Sung Hee , Hwang Bo Young , Shin Yun SiZZ , Jang Nan Ju , Seo Mi Hae , Kang Jeong Hwa
Published: September 2024

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of Sociability Promotion Program on the peer relation and loneliness of c hild - psychiatric in patients. The subjects of this study were 9 inpatients at child-psychiatry unit in S university hospital, 2 schoolers and 7 adolescents. The interventional activity consisted of playful session structured to have intensive social interactions, such as introduction, relaxation, cooperation, assertive skills, physical contact, and evaluation.Data were collected before and after the program by using self-report questionnaire for peer relation and loneliness and direct observation and audiotaping method for activity evaluation. The data were analyzed with Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Content Analysis.The results obtained were as follows :There was a significant difference between the score on peer relation(p<.05) and loneliness(p<.10) of the subjects through the program. After the program, the peer relation of the subjects became more positive than before and the score of the loneliness decreased. Although it showed positive change, the mean score was still a problematic level.And they were different individually, the half of the subjects changed positively, whereas the other half did not. Especially the subjects who had serious problems in peer relation changed much more. However, there were two cases with negative progress, due to changes in medication and his competitive characters. Even the subjects who had no changes statistically became more relaxed and more responsive. Also they became more assertive, more expressive, and appropriately defensive. Before the program, they could not complete sentences, pay attention and give positive feedback to others. But in the group process their voices have turned out louder and their interrupting behaviors have been less frequent.The subjects evaluated that they acquainted with their peer, joyful experience, chances to express themselves, became assertive., sociable and cooper ative with others through this program. But they evaluated it was rather difficult to deal with uncomfortable physical environment, speedy pro cedure, unfamiliar contents of activity, physical contacts, etc. It needs some modifications on this program are required to be applied for the inpatients.In conclusion, Sociability Promotion Program was effective to promote peer relation, social behaviors, and decreasing loneliness. Thus with some modifications on this program can be recommended as a nursing intervention for inpatients with social problems.
Asthma in Autumn: a family issue for nurses in primary care
Authors: Henry Heather
Published: September 2024

Heather Henry explains what nurses need to know about ‘peak asthma’ season
The risk factors and management of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Rickards Emma , Openshaw Sammy
Published: September 2024

Emma Rickards and Sammy Openshaw explains how nurses can manage pulmonary embolism
Infected blood: A ‘horrific’ scandal
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: September 2024

Mark Greener looks at the background to the most notorious failing in the NHS's history
Rapid Detection of Spoiled Apple Juice Using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy and Data Augmentation-Based Machine Learning
Authors:   Department of Physics, School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China, Gao Zhenchang , Lin Qing ,   College of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China, He Qinyu ,   Department of Physics, School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China, Liu Cuihua ,   Department of Physics, School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China, Cai Honghao ,   Department of Physics, School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China, Ni Hui ,   College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China,   Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
Published: September 2024

T he demand for fresh fruit juices is increasing, however, some food processors are using spoiled fruit for juice production in order to seek higher profits. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), in combination with machine learning, enables wide applicability in food quality inspection, as it does not necessitate expensive instruments or complex sample processing. However, EIS data vary with temperature changes. The measurement of EIS data requires consistent temperature conditions. To overcome this limitation, data augmentation was applied to train the model based on EIS to improve the performance and robustness of the model. The training set consists of 200 EIS data measured under consistent temperature conditions and 200 EIS data with added noise and a recognition model for detecting spoiled apple juice was established. Under inconsistent temperature conditions, the model’s accuracy in identifying spoiled fruit juice reached 98% on the test set, while the accuracy dropped to 50% without data augmentation. This study demonstrates that the application of data augmentation on the training set reduces the need for consistent temperature conditions during the collection of EIS data, thereby improving the model’s robustness and eliminating the waiting time for data stability. Therefore, applying data augmentation to EIS and machine learning provides a rapid, practical, and reliable method for assessing the quality of liquid products
A Ghost and Attention Mechanism-Based Deep Learning Approach for SAR Small Target Image Detection
Authors:   School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430081, China, Xiang Wenjun , Pan Chao ,   School of Information Engineering, Hubei University of Economics, Hubei 430205, China,   Hubei Internet Finance Information Engineering Technology Research Center, Hubei University of Economics, Hubei 430205, China, Liu Jin ,   School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430081, China,   School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China, Liu Yueheng ,   Wuhan Cyber Security Association, Hubei 430010, China
Published: September 2024

Sy nthetic aperture radar (SAR) images play an important role in the task of small target imaging and detection. However, due to its blurred target imaging, complex image background, and challenging feature representation, SAR detection is difficult to get high precision in a complex imaging environment. Therefore, by integrating the ghost model and the Attention-Mechanism (AM), this paper presents a new feature network model based on the improved YOLOv5s for detecting small targets in SAR images efficiently. The key is to design a Ghost_AM module by integrating the ghost bottleneck with the simple AM. This Ghost_AM module is introduced into to the YOLOv5s’ network for improving the YOLOv5s’ extraction performance for small target’s feature from a complex SAR image. Furthermore, to improve the YOLOv5s’ recognition ability for the features extracted from the Ghost_AM, a bidirectional feature pyramid network is use to replace the YOLOv5s’ feature fusion network and get a precise detection. The experiments using some SAR ship image datasets have demonstrated the presented model is better than some traditional SAR target detection algorithms and the original YOLOv5s. Moreover, the presented model’s parameters are reduced by 25.1% compared with the original YOLOv5s, which contributes to its simpler implementation.
Reinforcement of Polylactic acid (PLA) with Rice Straw Fibers for the Production of Bioplastics and their Characterization
Authors:   Division of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand, Chungsiriporn Juntima , Pongyeela Prukraya ,   Division of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand, Chairerk Nirana ,   Division of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand, Iewkittayakorn Jutarut ,   Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
Published: September 2024

T he conventional use and disposal of fossil-based plastics has long been a major environmental problem, as they are not biodegradable and their production consumes a lot of energy. Polylactic acid (PLA), a renewable polymer derived from natural materials, has emerged as a promising alternative as it has comparable properties to conventional plastics and has minimal environmental impact. Rice straw, which is produced in abundance, contains valuable components that could be used effectively in this context. The objective of this research was to investigate the mechanical, characterization, and water stability properties of these synthesized bioplastics. Rice straw fibers (RS) were added in PLA based green bioplastic at different PLA/RS ratios of 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 1:0 wt/wt with 5% plasticizer based on the total solid. The compositions were mixed in an internal mixer and molded in a compression molding process to produce bioplastics. The samples were analyzed for tensile strength, elongation at break, water solubility, water absorption, contact angle, SEM and TGA. The optimum condition for the production of the bioplastic was a 2:1 ratio of PLA/RS with 5% triacetin, resulting in a tensile strength of 58.1 MPa, a water absorption of 1.55% and a water contact angle of 102.8°. SEM analysis showed that the RS exhibited robust adhesion of the RS in the PLA matrix. The biodegradability of the bioplastic was dependent on the RS content and the degradation time. The bioplastic can be reinforced with rice straw material and is potentially suitable for packaging applications at temperatures below 270°C.