bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blockchain‐based data deduplication using novel content‐defined chunking algorithm in cloud environment
Authors: Prakash J Jabin , K Ramesh , K Saravanan , Prabha G Lakshmi
Published: September 2023

The cloud environment is inherently dynamic as users are added immensely in a short duration. It is indeed difficult to manage such user profiles and associated data. Meanwhile, the cloud data expand at a twofold‐to‐threefold rate on average, making storage space management and data integrity maintenance a mandatory task but also risky. The main approaches for addressing these data maintenance challenges in a cloud context are deduplication and data protection. In order to manage storage space, finding and removing identical copies of the same data from the cloud are possible, resulting in a reduction in the amount of storage space needed. Furthermore, duplicate copies are considerably reduced in cloud storage owing to data deduplication. Here, a decentralized ledger public blockchain network is introduced to protect the Integrity of data stored in cloud storage. This research proposes data deduplication using speedy content‐defined Chunking (SpeedyCDC) algorithm in the public blockchain. Many people and businesses outsource sensitive data to remote cloud servers because it considerably eliminates the hassle of managing software and infrastructure. However, the ownership and control rights of users data are nonetheless divided because it is outsourced to cloud storage providers (CSPs) and kept on a distant cloud. As a result, users have a great deal of difficulty in verifying the Integrity of sensitive data. Analysis using datasets from Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) revealed that the throughput increased by 5%–6% over that of the fastCDC technique, which offered Integrity since a blockchain network secured it.
A small country with high ambitions
Authors: Račiukaitis Gediminas , Ananičienė Kristina
Published: September 2023

Starting from fundamental research just after the discovery of the laser, the Lithuanian laser industry is celebrating forty years since the first commercial company, Eksma, was established in 1983 to produce picosecond lasers. The sector has grown into a fully self‐sustaining ecosystem, providing optics, ultrashort‐pulse lasers, laser technology and systems to the global market. Today, lasers and optics are one of Lithuania's strongest and highest value‐added industrial sectors.
Elektronenbewegung fotografiert
Authors: Heldt Tobias , Ott Christian , Pfeifer Thomas , Dubois Jonathan
Published: September 2023

Eine neue Methode erlaubt es, die Bewegung eines ionisierten Elektrons in einem starken Infrarot‐Laserfeld in Echtzeit zu verfolgen. Notwendig dazu ist nur ein einziges Absorptionsspektrum nahe der Ionisationsschwelle, im hier vorgestellten Beispiel in Helium, aufgenommen mit einem ultrakurzen, extrem ultravioletten Lichtblitz.
Kinematik mit Geo‐Tracker
Authors: Zeder Patrick , Wilhelm Thomas , Kuhn Jochen
Published: September 2023

Mit einer GPS‐Tracking‐App wie Geo‐Tracker kann man nicht nur aufzeichnen, wo man im Urlaub entlanggefahren ist. Mit Hilfe der Messdaten sind auch verschiedene kinematische Analysen von Bewegungen möglich.
Michael Frayns „Kopenhagen“ als historiographisches Metadrama
Authors: Heydenreich Aura
Published: September 2023

Michael Frayns Theaterstück über Heisenbergs Besuch bei Bohr spielt mit vielen Perspektiven.
Predicting the current and future distribution of Monochamus carolinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) based on the maximum entropy model
Authors: Zhao Jiaqiang , Zou Xvbing , Yuan Fei , Luo Youqing , Shi Juan
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Monochamus carolinensis is an important vector of pinewood nematodes in North America that is under quarantine in several countries worldwide. The distribution of M. carolinensis was previously thought to be limited to North America; however, we discovered it during trapping in China in 2022. Using this discovery and information regarding the area of origin, we applied a machine‐learning algorithm based on the maximum entropy principle to predict the current and future (2050s, 2070s) potential distribution areas of M. carolinensis using bioclimatic variables.

RESULTS

The biological suitability of M. carolinensis was mainly driven by precipitation factors (BIO18, BIO15, BIO19), with 87.18% of the potential distribution areas located in South America, Asia, North America and Africa. Future potential distribution areas of M. carolinensis are predicted to expand to high latitudes, with an average increase of 10 245 874.88 km2, and only 6.89% of the current suitable areas will become unsuitable. The potential distribution areas in 2070 are largest under the SSP585 scenario, with a 41.40% predicted increase (52 309 803.61 km2) above the current distribution, mainly reflecting an increase of the marginally and highly suitable areas.

CONCLUSION

The determination of dominant climatic factors and potential distribution areas will help provide an early warning for an M. carolinensis invasion, as well as provide a scientific basis for the spread and outbreak, facilitating development of effective governmental prevention and control measures. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Lipoic Acid Functionalized Silver Nanoprisms for Colorimetric Sensing of γ‐Aminobutyric Acid, Selenite and Myoglobin
Authors: Yele Sandesh Ravindra , Patel Mayurkumar Revabhai , Park Tae Jung , Kailasa Suresh Kumar
Published: September 2023

Silver nanoprisms (AgNPRs) are synthesized by silver nitrate through chemical reduction method using sodium borohydride and hydrogen peroxide. AgNPRs were functionalized with lipoic acid (LA) and successfully integrated with UV‐visible spectrophotometry for simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers such as γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), selenite, and myoglobin. The as‐prepared LA‐AgNPRs exhibited surface plasmon resonance (SPR) characteristic peak at 660 nm. The SPR band of LA‐AgNPRs was blue‐shifted to 439, 390, and 479 nm upon the addition of GABA, selenite, and myoglobin, respectively. The limits of detection are 6.32, 0.35 and 20.40 nM for GABA, selenite, and myoglobin, respectively. The LA‐AgNPRs sensor displays potential prospect to detect three biomarkers GABA, selenite, and myoglobin in biofluid samples.
Fabrication, Modification, and Mechanism of Nanofiltration Membranes for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater
Authors: Nompumelelo Kubheka S M , Edward Nxumalo N , Muthumuni Managa , Moloko Matlala , Makwena Moloto J
Published: September 2023

Heavy metals present in wastewater and water scarcity are a global challenge worldwide. The elimination of heavy metals in wastewater is necessary to protect the ecosystem and human health. Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury are among many other toxic heavy metals present in wastewater. There are several conventional methods that have been implemented to mitigate heavy metal pollution in wastewater and according to literature, it has been evident that the nanofiltration (NF) separation technique requires minimal pressure to obtain high rejections of multivalent inorganic salts compared to conventional methods. NF separation process is highly competitive in terms of selectivity and cost‐benefit. The growing research trend of NF fabrication and modification collates that the technology has been applied in various industrial and municipality wastewater treatment facilities. The review paper aims to illustrate the health impacts of heavy metal exposure, the cons of conventional methods and the utilization of NF membranes in wastewater treatment, the overall factors affecting membrane performance, and future aspects of the separation techniques.
Corrosion Evaluation of Copper with Polystyrene‐Block‐Poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐Block‐Polystyrene Triblock (SEBS) Copolymer Coating in 3 % NaCl Solution by Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Masmoudi Fatma , Mkaouar Sameh , Amor Yasser Ben , Masmoudi Mohamed
Published: September 2023

The present research work undertakes the investigation of preparation of the polystyrene‐block‐poly (ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene triblock (SEBS) copolymer coating on a copper surface (Cu‐SEBS) following a well‐defined immersion protocol. The SEBS ratio, drying temperature (Temp), and drying time (time) are the factors for the determination of the immersion protocol of the Cu‐SEBS electrode's preparation. To evaluate the effects of these factors on the anticorrosive behaviour of copper in NaCl 3 % solution and to determine the best conditions to produce a protective SEBS film on the copper surface (low corrosion rate), we used the experimental design and the central composite design (CCD). The response surface methodology (RSM) was used in this study as an optimization method and the Statgraphics software was used to treat experimental design data. The corrosion rate of Cu‐SEBS at the different runs of the experimental matrix was measured by voltammetry around the open circuit potential (OCP) (ΔE=±50 mV vs SCE). The analysis of variance, the Pareto graph and the figure of the main and combined effect of the experimental factors show that the SEBS rate is the most significant factor. The linear effect of time and Temp, the quadratic effect of SEBS ratio, and the interaction between SEBS ratio and the drying temperature is, even though important, less significant. The optimized parameters were determined to obtain the lower corrosion rate, which was a 3.059 % of SEBS ratio, 70.18 °C of drying temperature, and 21 min of drying time. Then, to confirm the model, an electrochemical investigation of SEBS‐coated copper at optimal conditions of immersion protocol (Cu‐SEBS‐Opt‐Cond) was successfully applied in a 3 wt % NaCl aqueous solution. The corrosion rate of Cu‐SEBS‐Opt‐Cond was obtained by voltammetry around the open circuit potential (OCP) equal 0.00023 mm year−1 which is close to that found by the experimental design. The measures of voltammetry around OCP, cyclic voltammetric (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that the Cu‐SEBS‐Opt‐Cond electrode exhibited more stability and a much higher corrosion resistance than that observed for bare copper.
Mechanistic Basis for Oxoammonium Salt‐Mediated Tertiary Alcohol Oxidative Transformation Decoded by Computations and Experiments
Authors: Ma Yumiao
Published: September 2023

Oxoammonium salts have demonstrated superior efficacy as reagents in mediating various reactions involving tertiary alcohols, including the eliminative functionalization of tertiary benzylic alcohols, oxidative rearrangement of tertiary allylic alcohols, and oxidative Nazarov cyclization. These reactions have been believed to be triggered by the addition of alcohols to the N−O double bonds of oxoammonium cations. However, in this work, a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations shows that the formation of this adduct is thermodynamically unfavorable. A thorough exploration of the possible mechanisms has shown that the reaction occurs through the ring opening of the oxoammonium cation. The oxoammonium cation acted as a masked tertiary carbocation and triggered the subsequent reactions. The computational results were further supported by control experiments and high‐resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) characterization.
Energetic N‐Nitramino‐Substituted 1,2,4‐Triazole and Corresponding Salts: Green Primary Explosives with Excellent Detonation Performance Based on 1,5‐Diamino‐3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazole
Authors: Tan Cheng , Lin Xiangyang , Zhang Xiya
Published: September 2023

5‐amino‐3‐nitro‐1‐nitramino‐1,2,4‐triazole was synthesized through the nitration reaction of 1,5‐diamino‐3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazole, and several energetic salts were prepared based on the reactivity of the acidic proton in nitramino group (−NHNO2). These compounds were fully characterized by NMR (1H and 13C), IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Their thermal stabilities were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and Impact and friction sensitivities were determined using standard BAM technology. Moreover, the structural differences between individual compounds were studied to investigate the potential structure‐property relationship. All compounds possess positive heats of formation calculated based on isodesmic reaction to be between 173.7~454.6 kJ ⋅ mol−1. Among them, 5‐amino‐3‐nitro‐1‐nitramino‐1,2,4‐triazole (D=8682 m ⋅ s−1, P=33.0 GPa, IS=0.75 J), hydrazine salt (D=8908 m ⋅ s−1, P=34.9 GPa, IS=0.5 J) and hydroxylamine salt (D=9117 m ⋅ s−1, P=36.7 GPa, IS=2 J) exhibits desirable detonation properties similar to RDX (D=8795 m ⋅ s−1, P=34.9 GPa), calculated by Kamlet‐Jacobs equations and features comparable impact sensitivity with DDNP (IS=1 J). The simple synthetic route, free of heavy metals and superior detonation properties of above compounds make them serve as promising candidate for green primary explosives.
A Simple One‐Pot Pyrolyzed Synthesis of Ternary Magnetic ZnFe2O4/α‐Fe2O3/Biochar Nanocomposites for Adsorptive Removal of Direct Red 79 in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Thi Luyen Nguyen , Khanh Van Nguyen Thi , Van Dang Nguyen , Hoai Linh Pham , Van Hao Nguyen , Thanh Hoa Le Thi , Van Thanh Dang
Published: September 2023

Ternary magnetic ZnFe2O4/α‐Fe2O3/biochar nanocomposites (MBCs) were successfully synthesized by one‐pot pyrolysis in oxygen‐limited environment using ZnCl2, FeCl2 as an activating agent, and precursors. The following conditions were found to be optimal for MBCs: activation temperature of 700 °C, mass ratio of ZnCl2 and FeCl2 of 1, and activation time of 2 h. The prepared MBCs were evaluated for textural characteristics such as crystalline structure, surface chemical functional groups, vabriation mode, magnetic properties, pore structure, morphology and the adsorption capacity using the methods such as X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectra, vibrating sample magnetometer, N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The prepared MBCs had porous structures, the highest SBET (782.37 m2 g−1), and pore volume (0.54 cm3 g−1) when the mass ratios of ZnCl2 and FeCl2 were 1, and the activation temperature was 700 °C, and the magnetic parameters were found at a Hc of 60 Oe, Ms of 13.03 emu g−1 and Mr of 1.07 emu g−1. Adsorption equilibrium studies indicate that the DR79 adsorption followed the Langmuir model and Sips model. The DR79 adsorption capacity of the MBC‐700‐1 has the largest value (676.8 mg g−1). The adsorption process was influenced by multiple diffusion steps, with the pore diffusion process serving as the rate‐controlling step. These findings show that MBCs adsorb DR79 efficiently and can be easily separated and recovered using an external magnetic field. The prepared MBCs have the potential to be high‐performance organic pollutant wastewater adsorbents.
Giant Plasma Membrane Vesicles as Cellular‐Mimics for Probing SARS‐CoV‐2 Binding at Single Particle Level
Authors: Dey Manorama , Dhanawat Garvita , Gupta Divya , Goel Ayush , Harshan Krishnan H , Parveen Nagma
Published: September 2023

Membrane receptors, attachment factors and various other membrane factors play a critical role in the specific attachment of virus particles to a cell surface. Researchers have been employing a range of model systems starting from receptor‐reconstituted lipid membranes to live cells for quantitative evaluation of virus‐receptor/attachment factor interactions. In this work, we show that giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) derived from adherent cells are a suitable cell‐mimicking model system to examine the binding of SARS‐CoV‐2 to cellular receptors. We evaluated the binding of cell‐cultured SARS‐CoV‐2 to GPMVs by imaging single virus particles with the wide‐field fluorescence microscopy technique. The GPMVs were derived from three different cell lines, i. e., Vero, HEK293T and A549. We compared the number of bound virus particles per cell, cell‐attached GPMV, and cell‐free GPMV of three different cell lines. We explain the observed trend in the data from the expression level of endogenous ACE2 protein and also, conclude that the protein is functional in GPMVs for virus and antibody binding.
Improved Access to ‘Butterfly’ Di‐Iron Dithiolates Fe2(μ‐SR)2(CO)6 and their Mono‐ and Bis(phosphine) Adducts
Authors: Madlool Atheer M. , Wingrove Grace E. , Paran Rutterford Ben J. , Malik Ahmad , Kit River , Wright Joseph A.
Published: September 2023

A series of Fe2(μ‐SR)2(CO)6 complexes {R=Me (1Me), Et (1Et), Pr (1Pr), iPr (1iPr), tBu (1tBu), PhCH2 (1Bn) and Ph (1Ph)} have been synthesised. Complexes 1Me, 1tBu, 1Bn and 1Ph were produced by addition of S2R2 to Fe3(CO)12, with all but 1tBu giving excellent yields. Two isomers of 1Me and 1Ph were isolated: the anti‐ and ‘open’ syn‐products. Complexes 1Et, 1Pr and 1iPr were synthesised by treatment of RSH with Fe3(CO)12; two isomers of each complex were isolated. Addition of one equivalent of PR’3 (R’=Me, Cy, Ph) yields the corresponding mono(phosphine) adducts, whilst use of two equivalents of the phosphine (under mild condition, reflux, or irradiation using a deep blue LED depending on SR group) affords the corresponding bis(phosphine) adducts in good to excellent yield. Treatment of 1Ph or 1Me with two equivalents of PMe3 gives the corresponding bis‐substituted phosphines when carried out in the absence of light but leads to oxidative cleavage to Fe(μ‐SPh)2(PMe3)2(CO)2 and Fe(μ‐SMe)2(PMe3)2(CO)2, respectively, under blue light irradiation. Treatment of 1Pr with two equivalents of PCy3 under blue light irradiation leads to reductive breakdown of the Fe−Fe bond to yield Fe(CO)3(PCy3)2, but in the dark at room temperature the desired product Fe2(μ‐SPr)2(PCy3)2(CO)4 may be isolated. Single crystal X‐ray structures were obtained for most family members of ‘butterfly’ {Fe2S2} cores. Cyclic voltammetry shows PMe3‐containing complexes undergo irreversible oxidation, whereas both PCy3 and PPh3 complexes show one (quasi)reversible oxidation, IR of in situ protonation showed COv blue shifting around 80–100 cm−1, while 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy showed shifting to low field.
Long‐Range Electron Transport Rates Depend on Wire Dimensions in Cytochrome Nanowires
Authors: Kulke Martin , Olson Dayna M. , Huang Jingcheng , Kramer David M. , Vermaas Josh V.
Published: September 2023

The ability to redirect electron transport to new reactions in living systems opens possibilities to store energy, generate new products, or probe physiological processes. Recent work by Huang et al. showed that 3D crystals of small tetraheme cytochromes (STC) can transport electrons over nanoscopic to mesoscopic distances by an electron hopping mechanism, making them promising materials for nanowires. However, fluctuations at room temperature may distort the nanostructure, hindering efficient electron transport. Classical molecular dynamics simulations of these fluctuations at the nano‐ and mesoscopic scales allowed us to develop a graph network representation to estimate maximum electron flow that can be driven through STC wires. In longer nanowires, transient structural fluctuations at protein‐protein interfaces tended to obstruct efficient electron transfer, but these blockages are ameliorated in thicker crystals where alternative electron transfer pathways become more efficient. The model implies that more flexible proteinprotein interfaces limit the required minimum diameter to carry currents commensurate with conventional electronics.
Ternary Heteroatomic Doping Induced Microenvironment Engineering of Low Fe‐N4‐Loaded Carbon Nanofibers for Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Han , Zhao Haoyue , Yan Guilong , Huang Gongyue , Ge Can , Forsyth Maria , Howlett Patrick C. , Wang Xungai , Fang Jian
Published: September 2023

Fabricating highly efficient and long‐life redox bifunctional electrocatalysts is vital for oxygen‐related renewable energy devices. To boost the bifunctional catalytic activity of Fe‐N‐C single‐atom catalysts, it is imperative to fine‐tune the coordination microenvironment of the Fe sites to optimize the adsorption/desorption energies of intermediates during oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER) and simultaneously avoid the aggregation of atomically dispersed metal sites. Herein, a strategy is developed for fabricating a free‐standing electrocatalyst with atomically dispersed Fe sites (≈0.89 wt.%) supported on N, F, and S ternary‐doped hollow carbon nanofibers (FeN4‐NFS‐CNF). Both experimental and theoretical findings suggest that the incorporation of ternary heteroatoms modifies the charge distribution of Fe active centers and enhances defect density, thereby optimizing the bifunctional catalytic activities. The efficient regulation isolated Fe centers come from the dual confinement of zeolitic imidazole framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) and polymerized ionic liquid (PIL), while the precise formation of distinct hierarchical three‐dimensional porous structure maximizes the exposure of low‐doping Fe active sites and enriched heteroatoms. FeN4‐NFS‐CNF achieves remarkable electrocatalytic activity with a high ORR half‐wave potential (0.90 V) and a low OER overpotential (270 mV) in alkaline electrolyte, revealing the benefit of optimizing the microenvironment of low‐doping iron single atoms in directing bifunctional catalytic activity.
Brief overview of x‐ray fluorescence applications in Mongolian brown coal
Authors: Damdinsuren Z. , Zuzaan P. , Damdinsuren Bolortuya
Published: September 2023

The review provides an overview and description of the results obtained from our coal studies conducted over the past two decades. It places specific emphasis on crucial parameters, including the ash content and calorific value of lignite, which is the main energy source in Mongolia. Through the research, we observed that the ash content of coal can be estimated by analyzing the concentrations of key chemical elements, including Ca, Fe, and Sr. The results of ash content obtained from the x‐ray fluorescence analysis are consistent with the outcomes of chemical analysis. Furthermore, we established an inverse linear correlation between the calorific value of coal and its ash content. Building upon this correlation, we have proposed a method that allows for the direct determination of coal calorific value without relying on calorimetric measurements.
Reasoning About Regular Properties: A Comparative Study
Authors: Fiedor Tomáš , Holík Lukáš , Hruška Martin , Rogalewicz Adam , Síč Juraj , Vargovčík Pavol
Published: September 2023

Several new algorithms for deciding emptiness of Boolean combinations of regular languages and of languages of alternating automata have been proposed recently, especially in the context of analysing regular expressions and in string constraint solving. The new algorithms demonstrated a significant potential, but they have never been systematically compared, neither among each other nor with the state-of-the art implementations of existing (non)deterministic automata-based methods. In this paper, we provide such comparison as well as an overview of the existing algorithms and their implementations. We collect a diverse benchmark mostly originating in or related to practical problems from string constraint solving, analysing LTL properties, and regular model checking, and evaluate collected implementations on it. The results reveal the best tools and hint on what the best algorithms and implementation techniques are. Roughly, although some advanced algorithms are fast, such as antichain algorithms and reductions to IC3/PDR, they are not as overwhelmingly dominant as sometimes presented and there is no clear winner. The simplest NFA-based technology may sometimes be a better choice, depending on the problem source and the implementation style. We believe that our findings are relevant for development of automata techniques as well as for related fields such as string constraint solving.
Braided quantum electrodynamics
Authors: Ćirić Marija Dimitrijević , Konjik Nikola , Radovanović Voja , Szabo Richard J.
Published: September 2023

The homotopy algebraic formalism of braided noncommutative field theory is used to define the explicit example of braided electrodynamics, that is, U(1) gauge theory minimally coupled to a Dirac fermion. We construct the braided L∞-algebra of this field theory and obtain the braided equations of motion, action functional and conserved matter current. The modifications of the electric charge conservation law due to the braided noncommutative deformation are described. We develop a braided generalization of Wick’s theorem, and use it to compute correlation functions of the braided quantum field theory using homological perturbation theory. Our putative calculations indicate that the braided theory does not contain the non-planar Feynman diagrams of conventional noncommutative quantum field theory, and that correlators do not exhibit UV/IR mixing.
Strichartz estimates for Maxwell equations in media: the structured case in two dimensions
Authors: Schippa Robert , Schnaubelt Roland
Published: September 2023

We prove Strichartz estimates for the two dimensional Maxwell equations with diagonal Lipschitz permittivity of special structure. The estimates have no loss in regularity that occurs in general for$$C^1$$C1-coefficients. In the charge-free case, we recover Strichartz estimates local-in-time for Euclidean wave equations in two dimensions up to endpoints.
Random Tensor Networks with Non-trivial Links
Authors: Cheng Newton , Lancien Cécilia , Penington Geoff , Walter Michael , Witteveen Freek
Published: September 2023

Random tensor networks are a powerful toy model for understanding the entanglement structure of holographic quantum gravity. However, unlike holographic quantum gravity, their entanglement spectra are flat. It has therefore been argued that a better model consists of random tensor networks with link states that are not maximally entangled, i.e., have non-trivial spectra. In this work, we initiate a systematic study of the entanglement properties of these networks. We employ tools from free probability, random matrix theory, and one-shot quantum information theory to study random tensor networks with bounded and unbounded variation in link spectra, and in cases where a subsystem has one or multiple minimal cuts. If the link states have bounded spectral variation, the limiting entanglement spectrum of a subsystem with two minimal cuts can be expressed as a free product of the entanglement spectra of each cut, along with a Marchenko–Pastur distribution. For a class of states with unbounded spectral variation, analogous to semiclassical states in quantum gravity, we relate the limiting entanglement spectrum of a subsystem with two minimal cuts to the distribution of the minimal entanglement across the two cuts. In doing so, we draw connections to previous work on split transfer protocols, entanglement negativity in random tensor networks, and Euclidean path integrals in quantum gravity.
Ultraschalldiagnostik in der prähospitalen Notfallmedizin – brauchen wir eine standardisierte Ausbildung?
Authors: Eimer Christine , Lorenzen Ulf , Reifferscheid Florian , Passau Nils , Helzel Katharina , Schmuck Alexander , Seewald Stephan , Köser Andrea , Weiler Norbert , Gässler Holger , Hossfeld Björn , Gruenewald Matthias , Feth Maximilian
Published: September 2023

Hintergrund

Zur Verbesserung der prähospitalen Notfalldiagnostik werden zahlreiche notarztbesetzte Rettungsmittel in Deutschland mit Ultraschallgeräten ausgestattet. Der Ausbildungsstand deutscher Notärzte in Notfallultraschallverfahren, die Verfügbarkeit und die Erfahrungen mit der prähospitalen Bildgebung sind bisher kaum evaluiert.

Methoden

Bundesweite Onlinebefragung unter Notärzten hinsichtlich Ausbildung in und Erfahrungen mit prähospitaler Ultraschalldiagnostik.

Ergebnisse

Im Studienzeitraum von 02/2022 bis 05/2022 wurden 1079 Teilnahmen an der Umfrage registriert. Es konnten 853 vollständige Fragebögen in die Auswertung eingeschlossen werden. 71,9 % der teilnehmenden Notärzte bewerten Point-of-Care-Ultraschall (POCUS) als sinnvolle Ergänzung der prähospitalen Notfalldiagnostik. 43,8 % der Teilnehmenden verfügt über eine standardisierte POCUS-Ausbildung. Teilnehmende mit zertifizierter POCUS-Ausbildung bewerten die eigene POCUS-Expertise besser als solche ohne eine entsprechende Ausbildung (p < 0,001). Die regelmäßige Anwendung von Ultraschall führt zu einer verbesserten Selbsteinschätzung der POCUS-Fähigkeiten.

Diskussion

Die Mehrheit der Umfrageteilnehmer bewertet POCUS als Verbesserung der prähospitalen Notfalldiagnostik. Die Teilnahme an einer zertifizierten POCUS-Ausbildung sowie der regelmäßige Einsatz von Ultraschall führen zu einer verbesserten Bewertung der eigenen POCUS-Fähigkeiten.
Organ-specific off-target effects of Pim/ZIP kinase inhibitors suggest lack of contractile Pim kinase activity in prostate, bladder, and vascular smooth muscle
Authors: Hu Sheng , Trieb Moritz , Huang Ru , Tamalunas Alexander , Keller Patrick , Götz Melanie , Waidelich Raphaela , Stief Christian G. , Hennenberg Martin
Published: September 2023

Smooth muscle contraction by Pim kinases and ZIPK has been suggested, but evidence for lower urinary tract organs or using Pim-selective inhibitor concentrations is not yet available. Here, we assessed effects of the Pim inhibitors AZD1208 and TCS PIM-1 and the dual ZIPK/Pim inhibitor HS38 on contractions of human prostate and bladder tissues and of porcine interlobar arteries. Human tissues were obtained from radical prostatectomy and radical cystectomy and renal interlobar arteries from pigs. Contractions were studied in an organ bath. Noradrenaline-, phenylephrine- and methoxamine-induced contractions were reduced (up to > 50%) with 500-nM AZD1208 in prostate tissues and to lesser degree and not consistently with all agonists in interlobar arteries. A total of 100-nM AZD1208 or 500-nM TCS PIM-1 did not affect agonist-induced contractions in prostate tissues. Decreases in agonist-induced contractions with 3-µM HS38 in prostate tissues and interlobar arteries were of small extent and did not occur with each agonist. Carbachol-induced contractions in detrusor tissues were unchanged with AZD1208 (500 nM) or HS38. Electric field stimulation–induced contractions were not affected with AZD1208 or HS38 in any tissue, but slightly reduced with 500-nM TCS PIM-1 in prostate tissues. Concentration-dependent effects of Pim inhibitors suggest lacking Pim-driven smooth muscle contraction in the prostate, bladder, and interlobar arteries but point to organ-specific functions of off-targets. Procontractile functions of ZIPK in the prostate and interlobar arteries may be limited and are lacking in the detrusor.
A Superunitary Fock Model of the Exceptional Lie Supergroup $$\mathbb {D}$$(2, 1; $$\alpha $$)
Authors: Barbier Sigiswald , Claerebout Sam
Published: September 2023

We construct a Fock model of the minimal representation of the exceptional Lie supergroup $${\mathbb {D}}(2,1; \alpha )$$

D
(
2
,
1
;
α
)

. Explicit expressions for the action are given by integrating to group level a Fock model of the Lie superalgebra $$D(2,1; \alpha )$$

D
(
2
,
1
;
α
)

constructed earlier by the authors. It is also shown that the representation is superunitary in the sense of de Goursac–Michel.
Normobaric hypoxia shows enhanced FOXO1 signaling in obese mouse gastrocnemius muscle linked to metabolism and muscle structure and neuromuscular innervation
Authors: Song Jingyi , Duivenvoorde Loes P. M. , Grefte Sander , Kuda Ondrej , Martínez-Ramírez Felipe , van der Stelt Inge , Mastorakou Dimitra , van Schothorst Evert M. , Keijer Jaap
Published: September 2023

Skeletal muscle relies on mitochondria for sustainable ATP production, which may be impacted by reduced oxygen availability (hypoxia). Compared with long-term hypoxia, the mechanistic in vivo response to acute hypoxia remains elusive. Therefore, we aimed to provide an integrated description of the Musculus gastrocnemius response to acute hypoxia. Fasted male C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice, fed a 40en% fat diet for six weeks, were exposed to 12% O2 normobaric hypoxia or normoxia (20.9% O2) for six hours (n = 12 per group). Whole-body energy metabolism and the transcriptome response of the M. gastrocnemius were analyzed and confirmed by acylcarnitine determination and Q-PCR. At the whole-body level, six hours of hypoxia reduced energy expenditure, increased blood glucose and tended to decreased the respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Whole-genome transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation of forkhead box-O (FOXO) signalling, including an increased expression of tribbles pseudokinase 3 (Trib3). Trib3 positively correlated with blood glucose levels. Upregulated carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A negatively correlated with the RER, but the significantly increased in tissue C14-1, C16-0 and C18-1 acylcarnitines supported that β-oxidation was not regulated. The hypoxia-induced FOXO activation could also be connected to altered gene expression related to fiber-type switching, extracellular matrix remodeling, muscle differentiation and neuromuscular junction denervation. Our results suggest that a six-hour exposure of obese mice to 12% O2 normobaric hypoxia impacts M. gastrocnemius via FOXO1, initiating alterations that may contribute to muscle remodeling of which denervation is novel and warrants further investigation. The findings support an early role of hypoxia in tissue alterations in hypoxia-associated conditions such as aging and obesity.
Effects of Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) on Academic Performance and Educational Attainment
Authors: Seppä Sampo , Halt Anu-Helmi , Nordström Tanja , Hurtig Tuula
Published: September 2023

The aim of this longitudinal population-based cohort study was to examine the effects of ADHD and ODD symptoms in adolescence on academic performance at age 16, and on educational attainment by the age of 32. The population studied here was the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986). The participants were classified into four groups: those with symptoms of ADHD, ODD, ADHD + ODD, and a control group. Early academic performance at the age of 16 years was based on the Joint Application Register for Secondary Education, and eventual educational attainment was derived from the registers of Statistics Finland and included information recorded up to 2018. Although symptoms of pure ODD had a negative effect on academic performance at school relative to the control group, this effect was weaker than that of pure ADHD symptoms. The ADHD + ODD group, both males and females, had the greatest deficits of all in educational attainment in adulthood and failed to progress to an institution of higher education as often as the control group. Symptoms of ODD in adolescent females predicted educational attainment in adulthood that extended no further than the compulsory comprehensive school level. The results remained statistically significant after adjustment for the educational level of the parents of the subjects, family type, and any psychiatric disorders (other than ADHD or ODD). The findings provide valuable information on the pervasive effects of co-occurring symptoms of ADHD and ODD that persist into adulthood.
Fast Gap-Filling of Massive Data by Local-Equilibrium Conditional Simulations on GPU
Authors: Lach M. , Žukovič M.
Published: September 2023

The ever-growing size of modern space–time data sets, such as those collected by remote sensing, requires new techniques for their efficient and automated processing, including gap-filling of missing values. Compute Unified Device Architecture-based parallelization on graphics processing units (GPUs) has become a popular way to dramatically increase the computational efficiency of various approaches. Recently, a computationally efficient and competitive yet simple spatial prediction approach inspired by statistical physics models, called the modified planar rotator method, was proposed. Its GPU implementation allowed additional impressive computational acceleration exceeding two orders of magnitude in comparison with central processing unit calculations. In the current study, a rather general approach to modeling spatial heterogeneity in GPU-implemented spatial prediction methods for two-dimensional gridded data is proposed by introducing spatial variability to model parameters. Predictions of unknown values are obtained from non-equilibrium conditional simulations, assuming “local” equilibrium conditions. It is demonstrated that the proposed method leads to significant improvements in both prediction performance and computational efficiency.
Single Pixel Spectral Color Constancy
Authors: Koskinen Samu , Acar Erman , Kämäräinen Joni-Kristian
Published: September 2023

Color constancy is still one of the biggest challenges in camera color processing. Convolutional neural networks have been able to improve the situation but there are still problems in many conditions, especially in scenes where a single color is dominating. In this work, we approach the problem from a slightly different setting. What if we could have some other information than the raw RGB image data. What kind of information would help to bring significant improvements while still be feasible in a mobile device. These questions sparked an idea for a novel approach for computational color constancy. Instead of raw RGB images used by the existing algorithms to estimate the scene white points, our approach is based on the scene’s average color spectra-single pixel spectral measurement. We show that as few as 10–14 spectral channels are sufficient. Notably, the sensor output has five orders of magnitude less data than in raw RGB images of a 10MPix camera. The spectral sensor captures the “spectral fingerprints” of different light sources and the illuminant white point can be accurately estimated by a standard regressor. The regressor can be trained with generated measurements using the existing RGB color constancy datasets. For this purpose, we propose a spectral data generation pipeline that can be used if the dataset camera model is known and thus its spectral characterization can be obtained. To verify the results with real data, we collected a real spectral dataset with a commercial spectrometer. On all datasets the proposed Single Pixel Spectral Color Constancy obtains the highest accuracy in the both single and cross-dataset experiments. The method is particularly effective for the difficult scenes for which the average improvements are 40–70% compared to state-of-the-arts. The approach can be extended to multi-illuminant case for which the experimental results also provide promising results.
Ultrafast Carbonized Wood of Electrode-Scaled Aligned-Porous Structure for High-Performance Lithium Batteries
Authors: Chen Shaojie , Nie Lu , Shi Hongsheng , Hu Xiangchen , Wang Zeyu , Zhang Xinshui , Zhang Yuyao , Hu Qilin , Gao Tianyi , Yu Yi , Liu Wei
Published: September 2023

The use of carbonized wood in various functional devices is attracting considerable attention due to its low cost, vertical channels, and high electrical conduction. However, the conventional carbonization method requires a long processing time and an inert atmosphere. Here, a microwave-assisted ultrafast carbonization technique was developed that carbonizes natural wood in seconds without the need for an inert atmosphere, and the obtained aligned-porous carbonized wood provided an excellent electrochemical performance as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. This ultrafast carbonization technique simultaneously produced ZnO nanoparticles during the carbonization process that were uniformly distributed on the aligned-porous carbon. The hierarchical structure of carbonized wood functionalized with ZnO nanoparticles was used as a host for achieving high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries: the highly conductive carbonized wood framework with vertical channels provided good electron transport pathways, and the homogeneously dispersed ZnO nanoparticles effectively adsorbed lithium polysulfide and catalyzed its conversion reactions. In summary, a new method was developed to realize the ultrafast carbonization of biomass materials with decorated metal oxide nanoparticles.
Are Schumpeter’s Innovations Responsible? A Reflection on the Concept of Responsible (Research and) Innovation from a Neo-Schumpeterian Perspective
Authors: Śledzik K. , Szmelter-Jarosz A. , Schmidt E. Kalpazidou , Bielawski K. , Declich A.
Published: September 2023

Responsible research and innovation (RRI) has gained significant traction in recent decades. However, the previous discussions on RRI have overlooked the economic dimension of innovation, which is encompassed by the perspective of Neo-Schumpeterian economics (N-SE). This paper aims to bridge the gap between the theories of responsible innovation (RI) and RRI and the underlying assumptions of N-SE. We seek to clarify the concept of responsible (research and) innovation — R(R)I. N-SE inherently recognizes the involvement of diverse stakeholders, including society and the public sector, as entrepreneurs driving and implementing innovation while assuming responsibility for its effects and consequences. In this respect, N-SE aligns with the responsible innovation concept discussed within the R(R)I framework. The paper addresses the fundamental question: What are the shared areas of interest between R(R)I and N-SE? This exploration enhances our understanding and facilitates the practical implementation of R(R)I in the context of N-SE, thereby promoting ethical, socially beneficial, and sustainable technological advancements.
A reduced basis ensemble Kalman method
Authors: Silva Francesco A. B. , Pagliantini Cecilia , Grepl Martin , Veroy Karen
Published: September 2023

In the process of reproducing the state dynamics of parameter dependent distributed systems, data from physical measurements can be incorporated into the mathematical model to reduce the parameter uncertainty and, consequently, improve the state prediction. Such a data assimilation process must deal with the data and model misfit arising from experimental noise as well as model inaccuracies and uncertainties. In this work, we focus on the ensemble Kalman method (EnKM), a particle-based iterative regularization method designed for a posteriori analysis of time series. The method is gradient free and, like the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), relies on a sample of parameters or particle ensemble to identify the state that better reproduces the physical observations, while preserving the physics of the system as described by the best knowledge model. We consider systems described by parameterized parabolic partial differential equations and employ model order reduction techniques to generate surrogate models of different accuracy with uncertain parameters. Their use in combination with the EnKM involves the introduction of the model bias which constitutes a new source of systematic error. To mitigate its impact, an algorithm adjustment is proposed accounting for a prior estimation of the bias in the data. The resulting RB-EnKM is tested in different conditions, including different ensemble sizes and increasing levels of experimental noise. The results are compared to those obtained with the standard EnKF and with the unadjusted algorithm.
Voices from Health Care Providers: Assessing the Impact of the Indian Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021 on the Practice of IVF in India
Authors: Tank Jaydeep , Kotiswaran Prabha , Tank Parikshit , Tank Dev , Tank Jash
Published: September 2023

The regulatory vacuum in the field of ART in India was filled when in December 2021, the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021 (ART Act) (https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2021/232025.pdf) and the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 (SR Act) were passed. We surveyed medical professionals to understand their knowledge, attitude and perception towards the Acts and to offer an initial, snapshot assessment of their impact on the medical community. The government has already signalled its intent to implement the Acts and has published several notifications/gazettes to clarify and amend the issues surrounding the Acts (https://artsurrogacy.gov.in/NationalArtSurrogacy/faces/HomePage.xhtml#). We hope that these responses will help to voice the thoughts, concerns and suggestions from of ART service providers for ART to further clarify and rationalise the laws. Infertility is already a much stigmatised problem which deserves to be a higher public health priority. While the laws are a welcome step, changes in both laws is are the need of the hour to make ART more accessible, available and affordable to the millions of couples who need these services and for the health care providers who to be able to deliver them.
Innovative extraction technologies of bioactive compounds from plant by-products for textile colorants and antimicrobial agents
Authors: Nguyen Thu Lam , Ora Ari , Häkkinen Suvi T. , Ritala Anneli , Räisänen Riikka , Kallioinen-Mänttäri Mari , Melin Kristian
Published: September 2023

The agriculture and horticulture industries generate many by-products while processing commodities, leading to significant environmental and societal dilemmas. Bioactive compounds obtained from by-products of plants are also known as ingredients in traditional medicines and the food industry due to their potential health benefits for humans as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agents. On the other hand, an extensive array of colorants from natural sources has been scrutinized recently in different sectors to mitigate the negative ecological impacts of synthetic dyes, especially in modern textile manufacturing. Approaching these matters, this paper reviews various chemical compositions of plant secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, essential oils, tulipalins, and factors that influence the isolation process. Moreover, the article offers an updated view of the advanced technologies for extraction, focusing on eco-friendly solvents such as water, supercritical carbon dioxide, and deep eutectic solvents. Eventually, a comparison of different extraction methods is highlighted to devise the most appropriate strategy for industries.

Graphical abstract
Brain-computer interface prototype to support upper limb rehabilitation processes in the human body
Authors: Camargo-Vargas Daniela , Callejas-Cuervo Mauro , Alarcón-Aldana Andrea Catherine
Published: September 2023

The high potential for creating brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and video games for upper limb rehabilitation has been demonstrated in recent years. In this work, we describe the implementation of a prototype BCI with feedback based on a virtual environment to control the lateral movement of a character by predicting the subject’s motor intention. The electroencephalographic signals were processed employing a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter, Common Spatial Patterns (CSP), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Also, a video game was used as a virtual environment, which was written in C# on the Unity3D platform. The test results showed that the prototype implemented based on electroencephalographic signal acquisition has the potential to take on real-time applications such as avatar control or assistive devices, obtaining a maximum control time of 65 s. In addition, it was noticed that the feedback in an interface plays a crucial role, since it helps the person not only to feel motivated, but also to learn how to have a more consistent motor intention and when little calibration data is recorded, the probability that the system makes erroneous predictions increases. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the development as support for people who require some treatment in the form of upper limb motor rehabilitation, and that the use of virtual environments, such as video games, can motivate such people during the rehabilitation processes.