bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
6. Pauvreté et rationalité du luxe
Authors: Lazarus Jeanne
Published: December 2018

Les dépenses des plus pauvres sont souvent jugées irrationnelles et inconséquentes, en particulier lorsqu’elles s’éloignent de la stricte nécessité. Pourtant, les recherches qui décrivent les modes de dépense des plus pauvres montrent la complexité et le savoir-faire de ces derniers. Leurs pratiques monétaires ne peuvent se comprendre qu’en tenant compte du fait que leurs ressources sont multiples : l’argent en est une, mais le réseau social est également vital pour des vies inscrites dans le manque. Il apparaît également que se centrer sur la rationalité conduit à ne pas interroger les structures sociales dans lesquelles s’insère la consommation des pauvres.
8. Le retour de l’Empire du Milieu
Authors: Aglietta Michel
Published: December 2018

La Chine est un empire deux fois millénaire qui a forgé une philosophie politique étrangère aux valeurs occidentales. Cette philosophie a été récupérée par la République Populaire. Elle est le socle des « caractéristiques chinoises » qui font des contradictions sociales le moteur du changement. L’originalité est la combinaison d’une société civile entreprenante, de régions en concurrence et d’un pouvoir politique centralisé. L’ère nouvelle vers la société socialiste accomplie puis la civilisation écologique est l’annonce du redéploiement de la réforme vers la croissance qualitative. La transformation recherchée jusqu’au centenaire de la République Populaire vise à restaurer la position de l’Empire du Milieu au cœur de l’Asie.
11. La science économique et ses ennemis
Authors: Cahuc Pierre , Zylberberg André
Published: December 2018

L’économie est devenue une science expérimentale au même titre que la médecine et la biologie. Comme ces dernières, elle cherche à établir des liens de cause à effet. Pour cela, les économistes s’appuient sur des « expériences » qui consistent à comparer le devenir de groupes tests ayant subi un changement de leur situation économique avec des groupes témoins n’ayant pas subi ce changement. Lorsque plusieurs expériences réalisées dans des contextes différents aboutissent à des résultats convergents, on peut considérer qu’un « consensus » a été établi. Ce consensus pourra être mis à mal si d’autres expériences viennent contredire dans le futur les résultats actuels, mais il ne peut être contester sur la base de clivages politiques ou partisans. Il est de la responsabilité des chercheurs en sciences humaines de promouvoir cette démarche et d’en défendre les résultats.
Penser la destructivité. Rapports entre fonctionnement mental, système immunitaire et épigénétique en regard des deux théories pulsionnelles
Authors: Delourmel Christian
Published: December 2018

La survenue d’une maladie cancéreuse dans le cours d’une analyse ont conduit l’auteur à questionner les rapports entre d’une part le fonctionnement mental, et d’autre par le système immunitaire et l’épigénome, systèmes biologiques qui sont impliqués de façon prévalente dans la genèse et les modalités évolutives du processus cancéreux, et cela en regard des deux théories pulsionnelles.
Discussion du texte de Christian Delourmel
Authors: Smadja Claude
Published: December 2018

À partir de la discussion d’une conférence de Christian Delourmel, l’auteur interroge les rapports entre fonctionnement mental, système immunitaire et épigénèse, selon l’articulation heuristique des hypothèses théoriques, et épistémologiques proposée ici pour penser les rapports entre les sciences du vivant et des concepts psychanalytiques. L’affect, conceptualisée à la lumière de la deuxième théorie des pulsions, est conçu comme une formation intermédiaire centrale entre le soma et la psychisme.
Absence de négation, rage destructrice et déséquilibres psychosomatiques
Authors: Szwec Gérard
Published: December 2018

La conquête de la négation, cruciale pour l’organisation du psychisme et des relations sociales, offre à l’enfant qui veut marquer son opposition à l’objet la voie de la négociation et non plus seulement le combat ou la fuite. Si elle fait défaut, l’enfant incapable de communiquer son refus de quelque chose à quelqu’un peut être amené à le faire par des voies engageant le corps. À travers le cas d’un petit garçon de 19 mois ayant de multiples somatisations, l’auteur étudie différents modes de refus physique et désordres somatiques. Il évoque le rôle majeur joué par la répression qui peut être favorisée par les messages parentaux.
La transmission des traumas collectifs et leur inscription individuelle
Authors: Minazio Nicole
Published: December 2018

Notre champ clinique s’est ouvert à des problématiques marquées par les ruptures, les errances, les violences sociales dont les causalités se situent au carrefour de l’individuel et du collectif. Nous interrogeons la manière dont la violence au sein même de la culture s’inscrit dans la psyché individuelle et la manière dont elle se transmet de génération en génération. Au cœur du travail analytique, transformations pulsionnelles et processus identificatoires révèlent que des dénis et clivages assurent des états de survie et la transmission de leurs traces.
La relation objectale allergique. Zelig et Heikyong
Authors: Aisenstein Marilia
Published: December 2018

La « relation objectale allergique » décrite par Pierre Marty en 1958 est revue et rediscutée ici à la lumière de textes historiques et d’un film de Woody Allen, Zelig. L’auteur questionne les rapports du concept avec ceux de l’identification hystérique et de l’identification projective. Suit le récit clinique d’une patiente non allergique, dont le fonctionnement psychique se rapproche des états-limites ou de la psychose blanche, et qui chez qui la relation objectale est typiquement « allergique ».
Transmission des savoirs et des techniques du corps en périnatalité
Authors: Ahmed Zakia
Published: December 2018

L’enfantement constitue un rite de passage significatif dans la définition de la féminité de nombreuses femmes mahoraises. L’expérience de la maternité n’est pas uniquement un acte pris en charge par la biomédecine conventionnelle. La naissance demeure un événement social et biologique pendant lequel la nouvelle mère et le nouveau-né sont objets de soins dispensés par l’entourage familial. La petite enfance est un lieu de transmission des codes culturels et l’identité d’un groupe social donné. Les pratiques, gestes et attitudes du post-partum renseignent tant sur les représentations de l’enfance, du corps féminin que sur des savoirs traditionnels encore vivaces.
De la pluralité des langues et des cultures en crèche
Authors: Hélot Christine
Published: December 2018

Cet article part du constat que toutes les structures de la petite enfance sont multilingues aujourd’hui et qu’il importe de : comprendre pourquoi et comment soutenir le développement langagier des enfants qui grandissent avec plusieurs langues ; réfléchir aux approches permettant de négocier les différentes cultures des familles afin d’éviter les discriminations ; penser la notion d’altérité au-delà de celle de différence, afin de transformer son regard sur l’autre et sur soi-même.
Pour que se séparer devienne possible
Authors: Allafort Céline , Croisan-Cécina Ketsia
Published: December 2018

L’article explore d’abord l’impact des traumatismes et de la migration sur l’homéostasie familiale des demandeurs d’asile ainsi que l’établissement des inter-actions précoces parents/enfant. Il s’appuie ensuite sur l’expérience d’accompagnement conjoint d’une famille dont l’enfant avait exprimé une souffrance importante lors de l’adaptation en crèche. Cet écrit se veut un outil à destination des professionnels de la petite enfance (professionnels de terrain mais aussi gestionnaires), afin de leur permettre de mieux comprendre la spécificité de ces situations et de les encourager à innover dans leurs pratiques professionnelles, et à se donner les moyens d’accueillir dignement ces enfants et leurs familles éprouvées par l’exil.
Apports de l’observation du bébé selon la méthode Esther Bick pour la psychiatrie au Sénégal
Authors: Bâ Idrissa , Diodo Ly Oumou , Dieng Mame Absa , Camara Momar , Sandri Rosella , Habib Thiam Mamadou
Published: December 2018

L’introduction au Sénégal en 2008 de la formation à l’observation du bébé selon la méthode Esther Bick a suscité de nombreux questionnements de la part des professionnels de santé et de l’enfance. Ces questionnements étaient relatifs à son adaptabilité et à son utilité dans notre contexte africain, sénégalais en particulier. Cette méthode pratiquée jusque-là dans les pays du Nord peut-elle être réalisée dans nos pays du Sud comme le Sénégal ? Quelle peut être son utilité dans des pays à forte morbidité et mortalité infanto-juvénile ? Qu’est-ce que cette méthode d’observation du bébé dans sa famille ou dans les lieux de soin peut apporter aux bébés, aux familles, aux professionnels, à la santé publique de façon générale ? Toutes ces questions ont été posées par les participants aux séminaires d’observation et ont fait l’objet de discussions dans le groupe. Pour y répondre, nous partons du matériel clinique issu des observations du bébé réalisées au Sénégal, qui nous ont permis d’aborder certains aspects socioculturels relatifs aux représentations du bébé dans la société traditionnelle sénégalaise, notamment la place du regard.
Des corps, du chant, du chœur
Authors: Borsoni Brigitte , Lebeau Clémence , Tallou Viviane
Published: December 2018

Nous témoignons ici de notre expérience d’un groupe thérapeutique Berceuses pour mères et bébés au sein de notre unité périnatale, dans ses effets pour le bébé, pour sa mère, pour leur relation. Nous présentons d’abord la mise en jeu multisensorielle des corps en relation, avec la voix, le portage, le bercement, le regard, dans une recherche de contenance pour le bébé, de retrouvailles mère-enfant et de réintégration psychosomatique pour la mère après l’expérience de la naissance. Puis vient le chant de la mère adressé à son bébé, la berceuse se présentant comme véhicule des inscriptions de la relation à sa propre mère, transmission de cultures et voie de sublimation des pulsions. Enfin, nous développons les effets de ce chœur particulier avec le jeu des synchronies, de l’harmonie, de la polyphonie, dans le plaisir du chant, les effets de mutualité et de partage avec d’autres mères, et le travail groupal de métabolisation des mouvements archaïques. In fine, ce « chœur thérapeutique » relance la vitalité des femmes devenant mères, restaure leur voix et soutient leur capacité maternelle envers leur bébé. Accroissant la sensibilité affective tout en la régulant, ce groupe Berceuses propose une aire transitionnelle de rencontre pour la mère et le bébé, déployant le « jeu » nécessaire à leur relation.
Ambiguous Resource: “Informal” Street Trading in Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Racaud Sylvain
Published: December 2018

This paper is about the contested use of urban space, focusing on the appropriation of informal trading spaces by street traders in Kisumu, Kenya’s third largest city. The objective is to understand the access to and control of the trading streets around Jomo Kenyatta Sports Ground. These trading places are understood as a resource. I argue that legal and political contradictions create an ambiguous institutional environment. These ambiguities contribute to the development of conflicts in the use of these trading places and give advantages to actors with a key position, particularly the brokers acting as an interface between street traders and authorities. The empirical material for this study comes from surveys carried out in Kisumu between April and December 2016. 26 semi-structured interviews, three life story interviews and two focus group interviews were carried out, mainly with street traders. The first part of this paper develops the theoretical approach and the ambiguity of the street trading institutional environment. The second part deals with the daily struggle for trading places and then it focuses on projects by local authorities about street trade management. These projects increase the process of fragmentation of street traders’ associations.
Business Intelligence and Cloud Computing
Authors: Rajagopalan Venkatesh , Jayasingh Sudarsan
Published: December 2018

Organizations need to make quick and quality decisions to survive in today's competitive environment. The business intelligence (BI) market has moved away from IT-centric solutions to user-driven solutions. Business intelligence and cloud computing are two important technologies that have been widely adopted in business organizations in recent years. Interestingly, the two technologies have merged together to deliver superior benefits for businesses. Business enterprises are moving their business applications to cloud platforms to become more agile and accessible. The key benefit of cloud-based business intelligence applications is the ability to access on multiple devices like laptops and mobile phones from different locations. In this chapter, the authors outline the benefits, challenges, and trends involved in deploying business intelligence technology through cloud computing platforms. They discuss how the consolidation of these two emerging technologies can enhance the businesses to improve decision-making processes. They also address the challenges cloud-based BI faces.
Cloud-Based Application Integration in Virtual Enterprises
Authors: Delgado José Carlos Martins
Published: December 2018

A key characteristic of a virtual enterprise (VE) is the heterogeneity of the applications that compose its enterprise information systems (EIS), since it builds on the EIS of the individual enterprises that are part of the collaborative network of that VE. This raises an application integration problem, which is even more serious than within any given EIS because a VE has a temporary nature, and therefore, integration requirements can change frequently. Current integration technologies, such as Web Services and RESTful APIs, solve the interoperability problem but usually entail more coupling than needed, since they require sharing data schemas between interacting applications, even if not all values of those schemas are actually used. The fundamental problem of application integration is therefore how to provide at most the minimum coupling possible while ensuring at least the minimum interoperability requirements. This chapter proposes compliance and conformance as the concepts to achieve this goal.
Providing Healthcare Services in the Virtual Environment
Authors: Rao N. Raghavendra
Published: December 2018

The concept of cloud computing provides a good scope for making use of information for knowledge updating among the medical fraternity. Large data are generated and available for analysis. One should know how well the data can be used for analysis and taking care of the patients. Medical fraternity needs to update with the latest knowledge to provide good healthcare services to patients. Software tools along with the concepts of collaborative technology are required to make use of the data and information stored in the cloud computing environment by the healthcare service institutions. Medical research group and software professionals can form a team to develop business models useful to the healthcare sector. This chapter explains with case illustrations designing and developing business models under the cloud computing environment with the concepts of collaborative technology.
New Business Models for Global Economy
Authors: Sousa Maria José , Rodrigues Carolina , Martins Jorge Miguel , Negas Mário , Jamil George
Published: December 2018

This article analyses the concept of business models and their main dimensions and elements for global economy competitive scenarios. The issue studied in this research identifies disruptive business models, and builds a practical model to help the implementation of a business model for private individual transportation services, based on the case of Uber. To accomplish this research, articles were searched based on the keywords “business models concepts” and “business models elements.” The period considered was from 2013 to 2017. The goal was to identify elements of business models and strategies adopted by the company, products and services, corporate image, models and management systems: human resource management, financial management, and marketing, among others, and the formal and informal structure of the companies. The empirical case is based on the Uber business model and the new competitive scenario on personal transportation.
The Role of Dynamic Capabilities as Influencers of Organizational Intelligence
Authors: Fonseca Gleison Lopes , Anunciação Pedro Fernandes , Penalver Antonio Juan Briones
Published: December 2018

Dynamic markets have made it extremely difficult for firms to sustain their competitive advantages. Adapting with the reconfiguration of its internal resources has become essential for the survival of firms. In the midst of these changes in the market, the concepts of Dynamic Capability (DC) and Organizational Intelligence (OI) arise, theories that, despite their different approaches to the use of firms' resources, have as their ultimate objective the creation and maintenance of a sustainable competitive advantage. So, in order to better understand the influence of these theories on the activities of firms, this chapter approaches the relationship between both theories, analyzing their common points, and the way DC influence OI.
Early Childhood Play With Reclaimed Resources
Authors: Wright Hazel R. , Luff Paulette , Emre Cahide Sevgi
Published: December 2018

Sustainable play practices offer many benefits to young children, developmental and cultural, and these are examined in an English context. The authors claim a shared European heritage for children's play practices; one that has been eroded with the commodification of play materials, the manufacture of commercial toys and games accessible only to the wealthy child. After demonstrating the value of education for sustainable development, the chapter considers how reclaimed resources can be used to promote this end. It discusses a small-scale research project that visited four English early years settings to see whether and how the staff followed sustainable principles. It was found that the approaches of the four settings varied considerably, using resources that spanned the spectrum from commercial to natural, and concluded that more should/could be done to encourage play with reclaimed materials to set children on the path to greater environmental awareness and intercultural harmony.
Do-It-Our-Way or Do-It-Yourself?
Authors: Plastina Anna Franca
Published: December 2018

Providing learner control opportunities, such as making individual choices and using preferred learning styles, is a difficult task in the tertiary ESP classroom. Curricular courses can be supplemented with integrative CALL experiences in Personal Learning Environments (PLEs) to overcome classroom constraints. ESP course design in these environments should, however, focus on key aspects which allow learners greater degrees of control. The current study investigates whether content sequencing, pace of learning and access to learning support can be designed to facilitate higher learner control, and whether learners take advantage of these options. For this purpose, it analyses the design of an ESP course implemented in a PLE for pre-intermediate ESP learners studying at a university in Italy. A preliminary investigation on participants' learning styles and navigation behaviour confirms that students chose to exercise high control over content sequencing, pace of learning and access to learning support, thanks to the design options allowed.
Social-Emotional Learning and Students' Transition From Kindergarten to Primary School in Italy
Authors: Cavioni Valeria , Zanetti Maria Assunta
Published: December 2018

The transition from kindergarten to primary school is a critical period in the development of children. Children who start primary school with good emotional and social skills have more friends, can easily establish new social relationships with peers and adults, and adjust better and achieve more at school. Although in the last couple of decades social-emotional learning programs have received considerable scientific attention in various countries, little is known about the implementation of such programs in the Italian context. This chapter describes a quasi-experimental study on the effectiveness of the implementation of a social-emotional program with Italian kindergarten children. Children's assessment by the researcher and reports from teachers and parents indicated that the program called “By Your Hand” had a positive impact on the social and emotional competence of children over time as they moved from kindergarten to primary school, with indications of enhanced emotional competence and reduced behaviour problems.
Parents and Technology
Authors: Mulvenon Sean W. , Bowman Sandra G.
Published: December 2018

The use of technology to improve the health and nutrition outcomes of children has been improving in recent years with many resources available online. Additionally, the expansion and continued growth of the Internet allows a method of access to information that transcends the traditional geographical obstacles in providing educational resources to parents in rural communities. A review of research and resources online to support parents with early childhood development is presented. A challenge identified in use of technology is the “silo” mentality of resources and the integration of education, health, nutrition, and social well-being information as a single resource for parents. Based on the research a comprehensive resource model is presented that integrates essential maturational and academic development for children. Additionally, the use for improved metrics and their development is provided.
3D Animated Movies, Touch Screen Applications and Visual Motor Development of Five-Year-Old Children
Authors: Yücelyiğit Seçil , Aral Neriman
Published: December 2018

This study is implemented to investigate the effects of 3D animated movies and interactive applications on visual motor development of five year old children. The research has been performed in pretest-posttest-permanence test, experimental pattern with control group. For four months, every fifteen day experimental groups (24 children) watched eight episodes of 3D animated movies; 12 of them performed the interactive applications with computer while the other 12 performed the same applications with worksheets. 14 children in control group engaged merely their preschool education. Test of Visual Motor Skills-3 was used to collect and evaluate the visual motor skills of children. Since the data of the research was not distributed normally, non-parametric Kruskal Wallis, Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze the data. The results of the research show that the visual motor skills of children who engaged the study in both test and control groups, had improved significantly.
Translanguaging Practices in a Hungarian-English Early Childhood Classroom
Authors: Golubeva Irina , Csillik Éva
Published: December 2018

After a brief overview of translanguaging research carried out in the past, this chapter introduces how Hungarian-English emergent bilingual children used translanguaging practices during play time in a Hungarian-English early childhood education classroom in the AraNY János Hungarian School in New York City (USA). The authors developed the concept of student-led translanguaging and observed it separately from teacher-led translanguaging practices. This chapter presents the data collected through classroom observations over a period of 6 months. The overarching aim of this research is to reveal how translanguaging is used by the students and by the teachers in a superdiverse community of Hungarian descendants living around New York City.
Program Development, Assessment, and Evaluation in Early Childhood Care and Education
Authors: Özdoğru Asil Ali
Published: December 2018

Early childhood years are a fundamental period of development in human lifespan. Infant and toddler care programs, early childhood education services, after-school care programs, and parenting programs are foundational in the physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of children. Development of quality early childhood programs can be realized through consideration of various elements of quality. Early childhood care and education (ECCE) program designers should aim to develop safe, healthy, responsive, engaging, and developmentally appropriate programs. Program curriculum, which takes place at the heart of program development, should also be responsive to children's needs and interests to construct meaningful, age-appropriate, and play-based learning experiences. Ongoing assessment and evaluation are integral part of quality ECCE program development. Early childhood assessment consists of child-level and program-level assessments. Assessment of children's developmental outcomes and program environmental characteristics play key roles in the development and evaluation of ECCE programs. Even though there are many available tools of assessment, common features of quality assessments include reliability, validity, purposefulness, and universality. Evaluation of early childhood programs makes use of different methodologies designed to study program process, outcome, impact, and cost-benefit. Development of quality early childhood care and education programs need systematic planning, implementation, and monitoring through the use of quality assessment and evaluation methodologies. This chapter provides a synthesis of the current state of knowledge in program development, assessment, and evaluation in early care and education based on high quality research studies coming from a variety of fields.
Digital Technologies in Kindergarten
Authors: Brito Rita , Dias Patrícia
Published: December 2018

With this chapter, the authors aim to present a theoretical review about the use of digital technologies in kindergartens, with preschool children. They begin by taking a theoretical and generalized approach to the subject. Next, they present the added value for children when using technologies. The importance of the kindergarten teacher in the use of technologies by younger children is also explored, as well as the factors that influence technological integration in schools and kindergartens. The authors present a project carried out in Portugal, which refers to publications of books for pre-school children, with the aim of sensitizing children of these ages for a safe use of technologies. Finally, they round it up with some brief conclusions.
Disposition and Early Childhood Education Preservice Teachers
Authors: Thomas Ursula
Published: December 2018

This study sought to investigate the development of social justice dispositions in early childhood preservice teachers. The participants of the study included two preservice teachers assigned to a four-week prekindergarten field experience, one Black and the other White, both female. This was a qualitative study utilizing observational case study methods and open coding. Data were collected using the Cultural Fluency Survey, the annotated lesson plans of the preservice teachers, and the reflective journal the kept; as well as the recorded responses of the prekindergarten students during the literature lesson in pictorial form. The researchers found the early childhood preservice teachers who participated in this study exhibited strong social justice dispositions in development. The current study may help teacher educators consider what areas of the early childhood program could be changed to equip relevant preservice teachers with multiple opportunities and field placement.
Psychological Injury to Children at Work
Authors: Ahuja Daman
Published: December 2018

Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1986 talks about the hazardous units of the employability and prohibit the employers to employ children in them and regulate employability of children in the non-hazardous units. Law has laid emphasis on physical injury that effects the physiology of a child but the “psychological injury” is left as such. Psychological injury can have disastrous impact to shape the personality of a child. The paper reviewed types of non–hazardous occupations where children are involved at work, methods, Ericson's developmental stages of children affected by child's labour activities, assessing psychological effects, constitutional provisions; psychosocial analysis, and concluded that once a child gets employed he or she loses the freedom to spend his or her time by his own free will.
Digital Technology in Kindergarten
Authors: Schriever Vicki
Published: December 2018

This chapter examines the literature surrounding digital technologies within kindergarten. It highlights the ways in which mobile devices and smart gadgets are used by early childhood teachers and young children in diverse teacher-focused and child-centred approaches. The challenges faced by early childhood teachers to successfully use and integrate mobile devices and smart gadgets within their kindergarten will be explored. These challenges include, meeting curriculum requirements, mediating parental expectations, seeing the potential of digital technologies, having the confidence and self-efficacy to use digital devices and determining the value and place of digital technologies within a play-based environment. Each of these challenges are explored within the chapter and the ways these challenges can be overcome are detailed. The opportunities which mobile devices and smart gadgets present to maximise young children's learning, play and engagement and which facilitate and support the role of the early childhood teacher will also be examined.
Parents as Partners in the Special Education Process
Authors: Sistek-Chandler Cynthia
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to provide Pre-K through college educators, parents, and administrators who are involved with special education, insight into the processes and procedures from the perspective of a parent. The parent's perspective and involvement with their special needs child is critical in shaping the lifelong, special education experience. The literature and research shows a strong correlation to student success when parents are actively involved in this process. Rooted in the federal and state guidelines from the 2004 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), all students are entitled to education services from birth through age 21. Recommendations for the Individual Education Plan process as well as strategies for navigating special education services are revealed in this narrative.
Designing for Teaching and Learning in an Open World
Authors: Derderian Ani
Published: December 2018

Concepts about tasks have been considered as the major part of analysis in different teaching approaches. Instructors are being more interested in the use of task-based instruction in foreign and second language teaching. Task-based instruction and teaching strategies are implemented by emphasizing meaning. The purpose of this paper is to introduce and discuss some major principles of open architecture in the application of task based instruction in areas such as second language vocabulary acquisition, grammatical rules, and expressing new ideas. This manuscript examines the following topics (a) Task based (supported) instruction, (b) Open Architecture teaching design, and (c) The role of technology in language learning.
The Inclusion and Design of Cultural Differences in Interactive Multimedia Environments
Authors: Turel Vehbi , Kılıç Eylem
Published: December 2018

A concern for social justice and the inclusion of cultural differences as a requirement of social justice in all learning materials, whether they are in the form of conventional materials or Interactive Multimedia Environments (IMEs), is the moral responsibility of all educators who want to contribute to humanity as well as long-lasting peace in our world. Such a responsibility requires a wide range of philosophical, political, and sociological discourses, informing multiple debates and their implications in the field of education. As a requirement of this, in this chapter, the inclusion and design of cultural differences in IMEs are focused on. The design and development stages of IMEs are categorized into six separate stages: (1) feasibility, (2) setting up a team of experts, (3) designing, (4) programming, (5) testing, and (6) evaluating (Turel & McKenna, 2013, pp. 188-190). Each stage is vital to the design and development process for cost effective and socially just IMEs. To be able to achieve cost effective and genuinely socially inclusive IMEs, a wide range of principles and guidelines need to be borne in mind at each stage. Here, the inclusion and design in IMEs of the cultural differences that need to be considered while designing and developing such environments (i.e. at stage 3 as well as 4) are focused on. Some examples of thought out and customized computerised cultural differences from an IME as well as some concrete examples from the Turkish context are given.
Pragmatic Development Through Blogs
Authors: Ishihara Noriko , Takamiya Yumi
Published: December 2018

In the acquisition of pragmatic competence, technology-mediated telecollaboration can be a crucial advantage as learners can be socialized into the pragmatic strategies of expert language users in a dynamic interactive context. This chapter focuses on the pragmatic development of three foreign language learners of Japanese over 16-21 months as they blogged with Japanese learners of English in Japan before and after studying in Japan. The blog-mediated learning was provided in conjunction with face-to-face instruction, and the learners' sense of community expanded through the study abroad experience as well as the blog-based telecollaboration. The learners' pragmatic development observable in their blog posts included their use of address terms, gendered sentence-final particles, a regional dialect, emoticons, and style shifting between the clause-final desu/masu and plain forms. The findings indicate that learners' pragmatic language choices can be interpreted in relation to their language socialization and agentive negotiation of emerging multiple identities.
L2 Languaging in a Massively Multiplayer Online Game
Authors: Zhao Jinjing
Published: December 2018

This paper examines L2 learner variations in the context of massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs). MMOGs have gained much attention among CALL researchers because this particular game genre is perceived to promote informal, contextualized interaction in a learner's target language, including interaction with native speakers. However, there is little research on differences between L2 learners in terms of how they engage in language learning and use in the context of gameplay. Drawing on data from questionnaires, interviews, gaming sessions, and gaming journals, this paper argues that affordances of MMOGs must be understood in relation to the learner's history, ability, and preference within the social context of game play; L2 learners engage with various game discourses that align with their preferences of game play and goals of language learning. In closing, the paper discusses procedural challenges in conducting research on MMOGs and similar gaming contexts.
T-MALL-Integrated Model of Engagement for Student-Driven Learning
Authors: Gabarre Cécile , Gabarre Serge , Din Rosseni
Published: December 2018

Communications in the foreign language classroom are entangled in both the learners' cultural values and the target language's and hindered by the lack of naturalistic practice outside of the classroom (Crawford-Lange & Lange, 1987). This research is a qualitative action research which is situated within a longitudinal perspective with the aim of understanding the factors arising from the learning environment contributing to increase active engagement in the classroom. Malaysian undergraduates majoring in French as a foreign language are the sample to conduct this research as they faced motivational issues due to linguistic and cultural gap between their target and native languages. The t-MALL environment stimulated and sustained the students' engagement and the analysis of video recordings revealed marked improvements in spontaneous participations. The encouraging results in terms of students' engagement, coping strategies and proficiency achievements validated the fitness of t-MALL in enhancing the learning environment within the research context.
Blending Video Games Into Language Learning
Authors: Newcombe Jonathan , Brick Billy
Published: December 2018

Around 2 billion people worldwide engage in video games and a similar number of English language learners are anticipated by the year 2020. It can be assumed that many language learners are also ‘gamers', and that a language learner may play a video game to learn English. This article focuses on the language learning affordances in offline video games. General game-based learning principles identified by Gee are used as the method to identify and classify the learning affordances in a selection of video games. These learning principles are explained and then used to detail general learning opportunities inherent in a variety of video games. It suggests that language learning opportunities on video-games are too varied and that the scaffolding guidance of a teacher might be needed. It concludes by proposing that contextualized live video-game-like immersive experiences could also be conducive to language learning.
Identifying the Impact of Acquisition and Learning on Education
Authors: Scheg Abigail G.
Published: December 2018

Acquisition, or the opportunity to practice skills within the classroom to the point of understanding and mastery, is different than formal learning. For the purposes of this text, acquisition refers to the opportunity to practice skills and technologies appropriate to the online classroom. Learning, in this context, refers to the background material necessary for understanding online education and the metacognitive understanding of choosing one technology for an online classroom over another. Learning, although a unique part of online teacher training, works in conjunction with acquisition in order to create a well-rounded and sufficient online educator. This chapter examines the role that acquisition and learning play in education and the necessary balance of these in order to provide setup for the following chapter incorporating acquisition and learning into an online teacher training program.
Learning Arabic Through Language of Journalism
Authors: El-Falaky Mai Samir
Published: December 2018

Second language learning requires more than memorizing rules and vocabulary detached from contexts. Language teachers have to encourage the exposure to real context to enable their students to ‘acquire' the language in the same way they acquire their first language. This could entail an unconscious induction called ‘analogy'. Analogy may enable language learners to create neologisms for the purpose of communicating. This could also enable them to obtain a better understanding of lexical items in context. This chapter highlights the benefits of direct exposure to neologisms in journalistic texts, which influences learners' morphological choice. Mass media in general and journalism in particular are thought to be a perfect means of learning any language in its natural context.
The Role of Teachers and Their Beliefs in Implementing Technology-Mediated Language Learning
Authors: Lawrence Geoff
Published: December 2018

This article will discuss the crucial role of the language teacher and their beliefs in realizing the potential that rapidly evolving technology-mediated tools offer second/additional language learning. Factors contributing to teacher resistance will be reviewed including the unique pedagogical demands of continually evolving technology-mediated communication tools and learning environments. Research identifying the nature of teacher beliefs will be discussed along with a proposed theoretical framework defining the interconnected factors contributing to teacher beliefs and behaviour towards educational technology. Recommendations for effective approaches to technology-directed language teacher development will be summarized along with recommendations on further research required.
The Use of Virtual Worlds in Foreign Language Teaching and Learning
Authors: Yeh Ellen , Wan Guofang
Published: December 2018

This book chapter presents, a review of the literature from 2004-2014 regarding the various models of virtual worlds used in foreign language teaching and learning, the impact of virtual world learning environments and the implications of language teaching. The study being reported aims to address the following questions: (1) What are the models of virtual worlds used in language learning instruction in K-12 and higher education; (2) How do VWLEs impact language learning in terms of motivation, communicative competency, intercultural competency, collaborative competency, constructivist learning, and sociocultural competency; and (3) What are the implications of using VWLEs in foreign language teaching and learning? Results indicate that social context and task-based learning enhanced language learners' participation and motivations. Findings also indicate that consistent use of interactional strategies encouraged learners to engage in the tasks and stay motivated. The study suggested that a VWLE offers a motivating, engaging, and multi-dynamic environment for language learners.
Faculty Perception of Virtual 3-D Learning Environment to Assess Student Learning
Authors: Cassard Anita , Sloboda Brian W.
Published: December 2018

This chapter presents some of the methods and approaches that are used in the assessment of student outcomes in 3-D virtual learning environments. Distance learning or eLearning that includes the 3-D virtual learning environments have been increasing dramatically because of the rise in demand by students. Because of this advent in eLearning, assessment of the outcomes is crucial when measuring student learning. In addition to the measurement of student learning, the instructional designers will need assessment of student learning as a means to upgrade the 3-D virtual learning environments and maintain the relevancy of the content for students. Much of the research on measurement of outcomes is based on anecdotal evidence provided by students. A comprehensive examination of assessment of the 3-D virtual learning environment becomes paramount, so educators will have a better idea how to carefully assess outcomes of student learning.
Estimation and Control of the Development of Electronic Resources in Russia
Authors: Vajndorf-Sysoeva Marina , Grjaznova Tatiana
Published: December 2018

In this chapter methods of virtual estimation and control of the development of electronic educational resources for teachers in Russian Federation are explained. To implement the training of a modern teacher into the modern professional activities the concept of using virtual learning environment has been developed. All training materials should be stored in one place where a student can refer to them, with comments and recommendations, and in the amount that is possible to study on the subject or topic. Authors' joint research, search and demonstrate some of new opportunities for effective educational process which allows us to find common ground with the virtual learning environment and create our own unique electronic educational resources.
The Ethics of Neuroenhancement
Authors: Wagner Nils-Frederic , Robinson Jeffrey , Wiebking Christine
Published: December 2018

According to several recent studies, a big chunk of college students in North America and Europe uses so called ‘smart drugs' to enhance their cognitive capacities aiming at improving their academic performance. With these practices, there comes a certain moral unease. This unease is shared by many, yet it is difficult to pinpoint and in need of justification. Other than simply pointing to the medical risks coming along with using non-prescribed medication, the salient moral question is whether these practices are troubling in and of themselves. In due consideration of empirical insights into the concrete effects of smart drugs on brain and behavior, our attempt is to articulate wherein this moral unease consists and to argue for why the authors believe cognitive enhancement to be morally objectionable. The authors will contend that the moral problem with these practices lies less in the end it seeks, than in the underlying human disposition it expresses and promotes. Some might ask, what is wrong with molding our cognitive capacities to achieve excellence, get a competitive edge, or, as the whim takes us? In all of these occasions, the usage of smart drugs serves a certain goal, a telos. The goal is, broadly speaking, this: outsmarting opponents in an arms race for limited resources and thereby yielding a competitive edge. In plain words: competition is valued higher than cooperation or solidarity. What is wrong with striving for this goal? The authors submit that the question whether people really want to live in a society that promotes the mentality ‘individual competition over societal cooperation' deserves serious consideration. In developing their answer, the authors draw on an ‘Ethics of Constraint' framework, arguing that widespread off-label use of smart drugs bears the risk of negative neural/behavioral consequences for the individual that might, in the long run, be accompanied by changing social value orientations for the worse.
A Review of Internet Addiction on the Basis of Different Countries (2007–2017)
Authors: Samli Ruya
Published: December 2018

This chapter presents a review of Internet addiction on the basis of different countries between the years of 2007 and 2017. For this purpose, the term “addiction” is explained, some addiction types are examined, the differences between Internet addiction and the other ones are given and the Internet addiction status of different countries are presented. In today's world, Internet addiction is a privileged problem in almost all of the countries but especially a few countries have important number of studies about the subject. The most studies are completed in China, Turkey, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Korea. In this chapter, studies about these countries and some other ones are investigated. These studies show that the “Far East” is suffering from the problem a bit more than the others.
Social Contributors and Consequences of Habitual and Compulsive Game Play
Authors: Wohn Donghee Yvette , Lee Yu-Hao , Ozkaya Elif Yilmaz
Published: December 2018

This study examines the relationship between social motivations, pro-social relationship outcomes, and two types of game play—habitual and compulsive—in the context of simulation games on Facebook. Social motivations were significantly associated with compulsive game play, but not habitual game play. Compulsive play was a positive predictor of pro-social outcomes whereas habitual use was not. By differentiating two different types of media use that are both associated with problematic use, the authors see that social factors contribute to people's inability to control their gaming behavior, but that the so-called “addictive” behavior can also yield positive relationship outcomes.