bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and Predictive Value of Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Stefano Cristina Di , Bruno Giulia , Calle Maria Arciniegas , Acharya Gayatri A. , Fussner Lynn M. , Ungprasert Patompong , Cooper Leslie T. , Blauwet Lori A. , Ryu Jay H. , Pellikka Patricia A. , Porquera Eva Carmona , Villarraga Hector R.
Published: December 2019

Background: Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease that may affect the myocardium. This study evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic value of 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS).

Methods: Eighty-three patients with extracardiac, biopsy-proven sarcoidosis and definite/probable diagnosis of cardiac involvement diagnosed from January 2005 through December 2016 were included. Strain parameters in early stages of CS, in a subgroup of 23 CS patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) within normal limits (LVEF>52% for men: >54% for women, mean value: 57.3%±3.8%) and no wall motion abnormalities was compared with 97 controls (1:4) without cardiac disease. LV and right ventricular (RV) global longitudinal (GLS), circumferential (GCS), and radial (GRS) strain and strain rate (SR) analyses were performed with TomTec software and correlated with cardiac outcomes (including heart failure and arrhythmias). This study was approved by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board, and all patients gave informed written consent to participate.

Results: Mean age of CS patients was 53.6±10.8 years, and 34.9% were women. Mean LVEF was 43.2%±12.4%; LV GLS, -12.4%±3.7%; LV GCS, -17.1%±6.5%; LV GRS, 29.3%±12.8%; and RV wall GLS, 14.6%±6.3%. In the 23 patients with early stage CS with normal LVEF and RV systolic function, strain parameters were significantly reduced when compared with controls (respectively: LV GLS, -15.9%±2.5% vs -18.2%±2.7% [P=.001]; RV GLS, -16.9%±4.5% vs -24.1%±4.0% [P<.001]). A LV GLS value of -16.3% provided 82.2% sensitivity and 81.2% specificity for the diagnosis of CS (AUC 0.91), while a RV value of -19.9% provided 88.1% sensitivity and 86.7% specificity (AUC 0.93). Hospital admission and heart failure significantly correlated to impaired LV GLS (> -14%).

Conclusion: Reduced strain values in the LV GLS and RV GLS can be used in the diagnostic algorithm in patients with suspicion of cardiac sarcoidosis. These values also correlate with adverse cardiovascular events.
Spatial distribution and Determinants of Optimal ANC visit among pregnant women in Ethiopia: Further analysis of 2016 Ethiopia demographic Health Survey
Authors: Tadesse Zemenu Tessema , Animut Yaregal
Published: December 2019

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is essential to improve maternal and newborn health and wellbeing. Antenatal care coverage is improving in Africa since over two-thirds of pregnant women have at least one ANC contact. However, to realize the complete life-saving potential that ANC guarantees for mothers and babies, four visits providing essential proof-based mostly interventions square measure needed. Therefore, this study was performed to identify determinants of an Optimal ANC visit and its spatial distribution in Ethiopia. Methods: A total of 8,025 women who had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey were included in this study. The binary response variable considered in this study indicated whether women completed an optimal ANC visit or not from skilled health care providers and coded as 1/0. STATA 14 software and ArcGIS10.7 software were used for analysis. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was fitted to identify factors associated with an optimal ANC visit. Crude and Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% CI computed to assess the strength of association between explanatory and outcome variables. Results:This study revealed that rural residence (AOR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.45-0.77),male partners educational status[secondary school (AOR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.05-1.67)], distance to the health institutions[not a big problem (AOR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.04-1.39)], community-level literacy(AOR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.03-1.12), and community level service utilization(AOR=2.67,95%CI:2.21-3.24) were significantly associated with optimal ANC visits. From the spatial analysis result, an Optimal ANC visit was observed in Addis Ababa, Tigray, Harari, and Dire Dawa Regions whereas risk areas for an optimal ANC visit were Afar, Amhara, Oromia Benishangul, SNNP, and Somalia regions. Conclusion: Living in peripheral regions of the country and in rural areas, lower educational status of male partners and distance to health institutions were prohibiting factors for an adequate number of visits. In this study, community-level literacy and community level service utilizations were affected by women’s’ ANC utilization which implies community-level interventions should be considered for improving antenatal care utilization and better health outcomes. The government should give spatial attention regions like Afar, Amhara, Oromia, Benishangul, SNNP, and Somalia which had low optimal ANC visits. Keywords: Optimal Antenatal Care Visit, Determinant, Spatial distribution, Ethiopia
Maternal H. pylori seropositivity is associated with gestational hypertension but is irrelevant to fetal growth and development in early childhood
Authors: Lai Fu-Ping , Tu Yi-Fang , Sheu Bor-Shyang , Yang Yao-Jong
Published: December 2019

Background Helicobacter pylori infection is known to alter growth-related hormones and affect growth in young children. However, i t is still unknown whether maternal H. pylori infection has an impact on the levels of cord blood growth-related hormones and whether this can predict intrauterine growth restriction and poor physical and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. This study aimed to examine associations between maternal H. pylori infection and pregnancy-related adverse events, fetal growth and early childhood development. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we recruited singleton pregnant women without major medical illnesses from January 2014 to January 2015. Seropositivity for H. pylori was defined as >12 U/ml of anti- H. pylori IgG in maternal serum. Demographic data and pregnancy-related medical issues of the cohort were documented. Cord blood levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), insulin, and ghrelin were determined using ELISA. The growth of the included neonates was monitored annually for up to 3 years, and cognitive development was assessed using the comprehensive developmental inventory for infants and toddlers (CDIIT) test 3 years after birth. Results Of the 106 enrolled women, 25 (23.6%) were H. pylori -seropositive. Maternal H. pylori seropositivity was correlated with a higher risk of developing gestational hypertension (GH) (12% vs. 1.2%, p =0.04) and lower cord blood levels of IGF-1 (<35 ng/ml, 70.0% vs. 40.7%, p =0.02) and IGFBP-3 (<1120 ng/ml, 100.0% vs. 76.3%, p =0.02) compared with the seronegative women. No significant impacts on birth weight, childhood growth and cognitive development were found to be correlated with maternal H. pylori seropositivity during pregnancy. Conclusions Maternal H. pylori infection during pregnancy was more likely to lead to the development of GH, but was not correlated with fetal and childhood growth and development. In addition to close monitoring of hypertension, H. pylori eradication can be considered for mothers with H. pylori infection .
Clinical features in primary care electronic records before diagnosis of Ankylosing Spondylitis: a nested case-control study.
Authors: Bashir Mohammed Talha , Iversen Lisa , Burton Christopher
Published: December 2019

Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) often has a long period from first symptom presentation to diagnosis. We examined the occurrence of symptoms, prescriptions and diagnostic tests in primary care electronic records over time prior to a diagnosis of AS.Methods Nested case-control study using anonymised primary care electronic health records from Scotland. Cases were 100 adults with a first diagnosis of AS between 1994 and 2010. Controls were matched for age, sex and GP practice: (a) 400 randomly selected adults (b) 236 adults whose records contained codes indicating spinal conditions or symptoms. We extracted clinical features (symptoms, AS-related disorders, prescriptions and diagnostic tests). Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the association between clinical features (both individually and in combinations) and diagnosis of AS. We examined the associations between clinical features and diagnosis over time prior to diagnosis.Results Several new composite pointers were predictive of AS: including distinct episodes of axial pain separated by more than 6 months (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.8 to 7.5) and the co-occurrence of axial pain with either large joint symptoms (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 6.3) or tendon symptoms within the same year (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 10.3). Coded episodes of axial pain increased steadily over the three years before diagnosis. In contrast, large joint symptoms and enthesopathy showed little or no time trend prior to diagnosis.Conclusions We identified novel composite pointers to a diagnosis of AS in GP records. These may represent valuable targets for diagnostic support systems.
Cholecystectomy outcomes after endoscopic sphincterotomy in patients with choledocholithiasis: A meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Jie , Yang Chuang
Published: December 2019

Background Endoscopic sphincterotomy is the standard treatment for common bile duct stones.There is different evidence considering complications specifically biliary pancreatitis and cholangitis with the use of cholecystectomy after endoscopic sphincterotomy.The purpose of this article is to compare the positive cholecystectomy after endoscopic treatment of common bile duct stones, whether the incidence of recurrent pancreatitis cholangitis is reduced, especially in high-risk patients.Methods We searched Pubmed(1990-2019)、Embase(1990-2019)和 Cochrane(1990-2019)database for trials comparing the 2 strategies for gallstones after ES.A related article on the removal of gallbladder after endoscopic sphincterotomy was collected,followed by analysis of each group using RevMan.Results We have adopted a total of 8 studies, including 7 randomized controlled trials and 1 retrospective study. A total of 12718 patients were included in the study, 4922 in the early cholecystectomy group, and 7795 in the gallbladder in situ group.During the follow-up period, 41 patients had pancreatitis after endoscopic sphincterotomy in the cholecystectomy group, and 177 patients in the wait-and-see group. The incidence of pancreatitis in the gallbladder in situ group was significantly reduced(RR 0.38, 95%CI 0.27 to 0.53, P < 0.00001,I 2 =0%).The incidence of cholangitis and jaundice in the removal of the gallbladder group was also less than that in the preserved gallbladder group(RR 0.31, 95%CI 0.26 to 0.38, P < 0.00001,I 2 =0%).There was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups(RR 0.73, 95%CI 0.52 to 1.02, P =0.07,I 2 =14%).There is a significant difference in cholecystitis or biliary colic(RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.29, P < 0.00001,I 2 =28%).Conclusions Early endoscopic cholecystectomy after removal of common bile duct stones can effectively reduce biliary complications such as recurrent pancreatitis, cholangitis and cholecystitis. This is still true for high-risk patients, and has no significant effect on the mortality of patients. After ES,laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be recommended.
A Review and Synthesis of TBPCC Evaluation in Canada: Looking beyond the Quadruple Aim
Authors: Fletcher Sarah , Bellwood Paule , Hill Tiffany T. , Martin Susan , Ashe Maureen C. , Price Morgan
Published: December 2019

Background: The objectives of this article are: 1. To synthesize peer-reviewed evidence on the outcomes of team-based primary and community care (TBPCC) in Canada on Patient and Provider Experience, Population Health, and Health Care Costs (Quadruple Aim); 2. To introduce the TBPCC Evaluation Framework; and 3. To extend the critical interpretive synthesis to include the additional four domains from the TBPCC Evaluation Framework (i.e., Relationship Centred Care, Care Process and Quality, Team Function and TBC Foundations). Methods: We conducted a review of the following databases: Medline (OVID and PubMed), CINAHL, Embase, SportDiscus, and PsycINFO as well as an advanced search with Google Scholar (Title only) with the words “Canada AND primary AND team”. Review concepts included: population (patients), intervention (team-based primary health care), comparator (usual care, single practitioner delivery mode), outcome (patient and provider experience, population health, and health care costs), time (2000-present), and type (randomized controlled trials, controlled trials, quasi-experimental designs, and implementation studies/evaluations). We excluded reviews, opinion papers, laboratory-based studies, and studies based outside of Canada. Results: Forty-five publications met our inclusion criteria with the majority of these (34) from Central Canada. Results were initially mapped to the domains of the Quadruple Aim, with 51% (23/45) aligning. The additional domains from the TBPCC Evaluation Framework (Team Function, Relationship Centred Care, Care Process and Quality and Team-Based Care Foundations) and the Team-Based Care (TBC) Adoption Model were integrated into the synthesis. 100% of the included articles reported outcomes that aligned with the TBPCC Evaluation Framework. Conclusion: Across Canada, the value of relationships, shared understanding, communication, and coordination across teams are highlighted as is the potential of TBC to result in improvements in patient and provider experience, team function, and the quality of care. By encouraging a focus on formative as well as summative evaluation, the TBPCC Evaluation Framework provides a comprehensive approach to assessing the evidence needed to support actionable improvements for TBPCC in Canada. Trial Registration: To identify peer-reviewed literature, we followed standard review methodology and reporting guidelines as established by PRISMA. We registered our review on PROSPERO (2018 CRD42018091086).
The Local Burden of Disease for Non-Rheumatic-Acquired Valvular Heart disease in Iran, North Africa and Middle East from 1990 to 2017: Findings from a Sub-Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Authors: Rezapour Aziz , Azari Samad , Omidi Negar , Behzadifar Masoud , Arabloo Jalal , Alipour Vahid , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi
Published: December 2019

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the main causes of mortality and a major barrier to sustainable development, being the main cause of “Disability-Adjusted Life Years” (DALYs), “Years of Life lost” (YLLs) and “Years Lived with Disability” (YLDs). Among CVDs, one of the most common and treatable CVD is non-rheumatic-acquired valvular heart disease (NRVD). However, in some countries such as Iran, the burden of NRVD is almost unknown because previous studies have focused mostly on the burden of ischemic heart disease, heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. Method: Using data from the 2017 “Global Burden of Disease study”, we compared the number of deaths, DALYs, YLLs, YLDs, incidence and prevalence trends for NRVD in Iran, North Africa and Middle East since 1990 to 2017. Results: Our study yielded 3 major results: 1) a higher rate of death in Iran compared with North Africa, the Middle East and globally; 2) a higher increase in DALYs, YLLs, and YLDs in Iran in comparison with North Africa, the Middle East, and globally from 1990 to 2017; and 3) vast differences in increasing rates of prevalence and incidence of NRVD in Iran compared with the global trends from 1990 to 2017. The significant difference in the prevalence rate of NRVD in Iran versus global rate can be due to the higher growth rates of aging and the co-morbidities associated with NRVD, such as hypertension. Conclusion: Iranian health policy- and decision-makers should allocate significant resources for their diagnosis, treatment and management.
Minimum acceptable diet and stunting among children aged 6-23 months in Dalit and Non-Dalit and associated factors: A cross-sectional comparative study of Dhanusha district, Nepal
Authors: Sah Anil Kumar , Paudel Rajan , Devkota Madhu Dixit , Sigdel Ramesh , Pandey Ashok
Published: December 2019

Background The complementary feeding practices contributes for development and survival of infant and young child, it reduces the risk of under-nutrition. The aim of the study assessed the status and identify factors associated with minimum acceptable diet and stunting among children aged 6-23 months in Dalit and Non-Dalit.Methods The study method adopted cross-sectional comparative and conducted among mothers with their children aged 6-23 months children of Dhanusha district. Altogether 599 respondents were taken of which 299 were from Dalit and 300 from Non-Dalit and used multistage simple random sampling. Data collection techniques applied for interview and anthropometry measurement and structure questionnaire was practiced as a tool. Descriptive and inferential analyses were carried out by using Statistical Package for the Social Science.Results The prevalence of minimum acceptable diet (MAD) and stunting were 43.8% and 49.9% among Dalit while 44.3%, and 39% among Non-Dalit. The MAD were significantly associated with the age of child (AOR=0.25, 95 CI: 0.11-0.54), child illness in the past two weeks (AOR=4.31, 95% CI: 1.56-11.88) and knowledge on child feeding (AOR=0.31, 95% CI: 0.16-0.61) among Dalit while age of child (AOR=0.37, 95 CI: 0.21-0.64), child illness in the past two weeks (AOR=4.80, 95% CI: 2.23-10.32,knowledge on child feeding (AOR=0.26, 95% CI: 0.16-0.42) and birth interval (AOR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.56-3.19) among Non-Dalit. Stunting was significantly associated with family types (AOR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.11-3.34) among Dalit while Ante Natal Care (ANC) visit (AOR=3.20, 95% CI: 1.15-8.90), media exposure (AOR=3.10, 95% CI: 1.11-8.64 and age of child (AOR=0.24, 95% CI: 0.10-0.57) in Non-Dalit.Conclusion The proportion of minimum acceptable diet practices got similar in both groups. Being key associated factors of MAD practices, age of child, child illness and knowledge on child feeding existed in Dalit and Non-Dalit, while birth interval also among Non-Dalit. Similarly, family type provided an important factor of stunting in Dalit while age of child, ANC visit and media exposure among Non-Dalit. To improve the nutritional status among children, community based maternal nutrition education, access and utilization of health services should be recommended.
Effects of prescription drug diversion, misuse and abuse on the health system in eThekwini District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Key stakeholders’ perceptions
Authors: Chibi Buyisile , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani P
Published: December 2019

Background: Prescription drug diversion, misuse and abuse is a growing health threat negatively impacting the health care system and individuals globally. Most research has been conducted in high-income-countries. Little is known about prescription drug diversion, misuse and abuse to support anecdotal reports in resource-limited settings. Purpose: The main objective of this study is to determine prescription drug diversion, misuse and abuse practices in eThekwini district from the perspective of the health care providers, law enforcement, pharmacists, drug users and people living with HIV. Methods: Semi-structured in-depth-interviews were conducted between June-December 2018 among key stakeholders who were purposively sampled in eThekwini district. Thematic analysis was used to identify emergent themes around practices of prescription drug diversion, misuse and abuse. Results: Five main themes emerged during the interviews: manifestation of drug diversion; consumer’s attitude and behaviour; availability of medicines; gaps in the health care system; and lastly challenges and barriers to drug abuse treatment. Accidental addiction, health system gaps and consumer’s attitude and behaviours were perceived as significant contributing factors to the problem therefore negatively impacting health care providers and consumers. Conclusion: The study highlights the emerging practices of prescription drug diversion, misuse and abuse as a serious growing problem occurring through legal and illegal channels to anyone since the addictive medicines are readily available and easily accessible. We recommend a collaborative approach to address prescription drug diversion since the prescriber, dispenser, consumer and law enforcement are involved in the cycle to drug usage.
Systematic review of therapeutic outcomes of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and their predictors in adults receiving integrated treatment of tuberculosis and Human Immuno-deficiency Virus in low and middle-income countries: a study protocol
Authors: Kadia Benjamin Momo , Aroke Desmond , Njefi Kevin Pene , Noutakdie Yves Joel Tochie , Tianyi Frank-Leonel , Kadia Reine Suzanne , Dimala Christian Akem
Published: December 2019

Background: Programs that integrated tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment aim to provide efficient treatment services and maximize successful treatment outcomes through the delivery of both TB and HIV treatment by one provider at the same time and location. However, multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is more difficult to treat as compared to drug-sensitive TB, and in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), the potential of programs integrating TB/HIV treatment to sustain favourable MDR-TB treatment outcomes is poorly elucidated. The objective of this review is to perform a systematic collection, critical appraisal and synthesis of existing evidence on therapeutic outcomes of MDR-TB and their predictors among adults receiving integrated treatment for TB/HIV in LMICs.Methods: A systematic review of evidence from published observational and interventional studies will be performed. The evidence will be obtained by searching Medline, Embase, and Global Health electronic databases with date limits being March 2004 and December 2019. Two investigators will independently screen the search output, review the eligible studies, and assess the quality of the eligible studies using appropriate quality assessment tools. Analysis and synthesis of data on TB treatment outcomes will be performed using random-effects meta-analysis on STATA-15 software. Data on predictors of TB treatment outcomes will be analysed using thematic analysis and synthesised using a descriptive approach and where appropriate, random-effects meta-analysis will be performed to obtain pooled effect sizes. The confidence in cumulative quantitative and qualitative evidence will be assessed using the appropriate versions of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The final review will be reported following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting System for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis, presented at scientific conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.Discussion: This study is expected to highlight the quality of integrated TB/HIV treatment programs and their potential to uphold successful MDR-TB treatment outcomes. Furthermore, the review will indicate patient-related and healthcare-related factors that should be addressed to improve on survival of patients with MDR-TB/HIV co-infection in LMICs.Systematic review registration: This review has been submitted for registration with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO)
Functional characterization of a soybean small heat shock protein involved in the resistance response to Meloidogyne javanica
Authors: Hishinuma-Silva Suellen Mika , Lopes-Caitar Valéria Stefania , Nomura Rafael Bruno Guayato , Sercero Bruna Caroline , Silva Aline Garcia da , Carvalho Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de , Lopes Ivani de Oliveira Negrão , Dias Waldir Pereira , Marcelino-Guimaraes Francismar Corrêa
Published: December 2019

Background: Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) belong to the class of molecular chaperones that respond to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Previous studies have identified strong induction of the GmHsp22.4 gene in response to Meloidogyne javanica nematode in resistant soybean genotypes compared to susceptible one. This study aimed to investigate the functional involvement of this small chaperone in response to M. javanica. First, it was evaluated the activation of the promoter region by nematode’s infection and the occurrence of polymorphisms between resistant and susceptible resequenced soybean accessions in the gene coding and promoter regions. Then functional analysis using Arabidopsis thaliana lines overexpressing the soybean GmHsp22.4 gene, and knocked out mutants were challenged to M. javanica’s infection.Results: High expression levels of the GFP gene marker in transformed A. thaliana plants revealed that the promoter region of GmHsp22.4 was strongly activated after nematode infection. However, structural analysis of the soybean resistant and susceptible genotypes did not detect any polymorphisms in the whole gene model, including the 2.0 kb promoter region. Moreover, the reproduction of the nematode was significantly reduced in plants overexpressing GmHsp22.4 gene in A. thaliana compared to the wild type. Additionally, the reproduction of M. javanica in the A. thaliana mutants was significantly increased and was related with the structural organization of heat shock cis element (HSE) in the promoter.Conclusions: The soybean chaperone GmHsp22.4 is involved in the defense response to root-knot nematode M. javanica’s infection in A. thaliana. The HSE in the promoter region close to the transcriptional start site (TSS) are important to GmHsp22.4 promoter activation after nematode infection. It was not possible to detect any polymorphisms occurrence in GmHsp22.4 gene between the M. javanica-resistant and susceptible soybean genotypes, so the resistance mechanism might not be related with the transcriptional regulation in the initiation process or based on sequence level on the TSS.
Treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculosis in war affected region of Khyber Paktunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: AHMAD TAUSEEF , Jadoon Muhammad Ayub , Khan Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Mumtaz , Hussain Akbar , Musa Taha Hussain , Waqar Muhammad , Ejeta Eyasu , Karami Manoochehr , Alene Kefyalew Addis , Jin Hui , Haroon
Published: December 2019

Background: Globally, tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease. TB treatment outcome is an indicator for the effectiveness of a national TB control program. This study aimed to assess treatment outcomes of TB patients and its determinants in Batkhela, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was designed using all TB patients who were enrolled at District Head Quarter (DHQ) Hospital Batkhela, Pakistan, from January 2011 to December 2014. A multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with successful TB treatment outcomes defined as the sum of cure and completed treatment.
Results: A total of 515 TB patients were registered, of which 237 (46%) were males and 278 (53.98%) females. Of all patients, 234 (45.44%) were cured and 210 (40.77%) completed treatment. The overall treatment success rate was 444 (86.21%). Age 0-20 years (adjusted odds ratio, AOR= 3.47; 95% confidence interval, CI)= 1.54-7.81; P= 0.003), smear-positive pulmonary TB (AOR)= 3.58; 95% CI= 1.89-6.78; P= <0.001), treatment category (AOR= 4.71; 95% CI= 1.17-18.97; P= 0.029), and year of enrollment 2012 (AOR= 6.26; 95% CI= 2.52-15.59; P= <0.001) were significantly associated with successful treatment outcome.
Conclusions: The overall treatment success rate is satisfactory but still need to be improved to achieve the international targeted treatment outcome. Type of TB, age, treatment category, and year of enrollment were significantly associated with successful treatment outcomes.
Dynamics Of Overqualification: Identification Of Graduates At The Beginning Of Their Careers On The Labour Market In Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Yapo Andoh Régis Vianney
Published: December 2019

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the transition to adequate employment of overqualified graduates in their early career jobs. The main purpose of the research is to analyse the persistence of overqualification of early career graduates in the labour market in Côte d’Ivoire. The systematization literary sources and approaches to solving the problem using panel data and probit random effects models’ capturing unobserved individual specific effects was used as an econometric approach. The relevance of the decision of this scientific problem is that the choice of an overqualified job at the beginning of a career allows graduates to have work experience that would improve the opportunities for internal or external upward mobility in the future. Overqualification would therefore be a transitory phenomenon. Data from the survey on the sources of skills mismatch in Côte d’Ivoire were used to carry out this study. This survey covered 974 general, technical and vocational education and higher education graduates in the labour market over the period 2011-2017. The object of research is to analyse the persistence and real dependence of early career overqualification on future overqualification in the labour market in Côte d’Ivoire. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that overqualification persists among graduates during the first six years of their professional careers. The experience of previous overqualification and overqualification at the beginning of the period strongly explain the risk of future overqualification. The results of the research can be useful for the government to put in place or strengthen public measures to help graduates leaving the education system gain work experience and improve the quality of information on job vacancies in the labour market.
Keywords: Dynamic Probit, career, underemployment, overqualification, employment, youth.
Advertising In The Environment Of Movies, A Literature Study
Authors: Ádám Horváth , Balázs Gyenge
Published: December 2019

While it is common practice to interrupt various programs – even movies – on our television sets for advertisement breaks, the same could be inconceivable for the average person in a movie theatre setting, or in a home movie watching scenario where the interruption would come in the middle of a previously purchased (or one provided through a subscription based streaming service) movie. The relevance of this scientific problem is that movies and the interest they generate in either mass or niche segments of consumers represent an excellent opportunity for any company to use in the development of their promotional campaign. The reason for this opportunity is that movies themselves are already equipped with many unique features (examples being the genre or the talent involved on either side of the camera) that aid tremendously in the practical implementation of targeted marketing, as in many cases they too are aiming to attract certain consumer segments.

The main purpose of the literature study is to sort the various seemingly ordinary advertisement methods by the types of movie mediums they are attached to, to showcase their main features, possibilities and restrictions which was conducted by summarizing the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the topic. The systematization of literary sources and approaches indicate that we are witnessing the effects of the changing movie consumption mechanisms – which mostly occur due to technological changes – on the advertisements that are bounded to them. Last, but not least, through the reassessment of previous studies, we aim to measure the effects of advertisements coming from various mediums and newer solutions have had on consumers, what is the consensus on them in the current scientific discussion and how these might have changed over the past years. The results of the study can be useful for content creators and marketers to have a better grasp on how they could and should approach various kinds of consumer markets. All the while it will serve as one of the main pillars in a future empirical research on consumer behavior regarding movie consumption.
Keywords: consumer behavior, cultural marketing, movie consumption, advertising.
An introduction to spontaneous symmetry breaking
Authors: Beekman Aron , Rademaker Louk , van Wezel Jasper
Published: December 2019

Perhaps the most important aspect of symmetry in physics is the idea that a state does not need to have the same symmetries as the theory that describes it. This phenomenon is known as spontaneous symmetry breaking. In these lecture notes, starting from a careful definition of symmetry in physics, we introduce symmetry breaking and its consequences.
Emphasis is placed on the physics of singular limits, showing the reality of symmetry breaking even in small-sized systems.
Topics covered include Nambu-Goldstone modes, quantum corrections, phase transitions, topological defects and gauge fields. We provide many examples from both high energy and condensed matter physics. These notes are suitable for graduate students.
Dynamic conditional correlation and volatility distributions in Tokyo, London, and New York gold markets
Authors: Lee Chia-Ju , Lai Tuan-Nam , Chiang Chang-Chou , Yu Hai-Chin
Published: December 2019

This study investigates the volatility and co-movement of gold prices across Tokyo, London, and New York gold markets. Using a dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) model, the authors estimate the cross-correlation and volatility of gold in each pair among three markets over the period from 1993 to 2012. Both the time-varying correlations and realized distributions are explored. After estimating the DCC as well as the corresponding distributions of the DCC among the three markets, the results suggest that: (i) the DCC probability distribution of London and New York shows a higher volatility associated with a higher DCC value; (ii) the DCC probability distribution between London and New York as well as between Tokyo and London both express the similar and overlapping pattern, implying that these markets are almost equal, and neither dominates; and (iii) New York exhibits a spillover effect of Tokyo’s variance, while the latter does not influence New York’s variance. The shapes of the distributions show that the distribution of high DCC is wider than that of low DCC, meaning that risk increases with the dynamic correlation. The implications of these gold DCC probability distributions encourage investors to diversify their global portfolios and manage latent risks in different gold markets effectively. Besides, the volatility-threshold DCC model suggests that the correlations are more sensitive to extreme volatility thresholds in London and New York markets, whereas the correlation is significantly affected by all levels of volatility at 50%, 75%, 90%, and 95% thresholds in Tokyo and London markets. Investors may not be able to diversify portfolio risk by choosing London and New York at the same time once gold becomes volatile as a high correlation is observed in the extreme thresholds.
Social skills of the schoolchildren attending physical educations lessons
Authors: Navitskaite Sandra , Sniras Sarunas Al'fonsovich
Published: December 2019

In recent years researchers are paying more and more attention to the social skills of schoolchildren but we still lack research works on the social skills of the schoolchildren attending PE classes. the authors outlines that for this reason, the level of the social skills in the PE lessons and the importance of social skills for the schoolchildren will be discussed in the article.
Оценка риска развития профессионального эмоционального выгорания школьных педагогов с разным профилем деятельности
Authors: Бартош Татьяна П. , Бартош Ольга П. , Мычко Марина В.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. The relevancy of the study is attributed to the increase of professional and social requirements for teachers work in the course of school education reforming, which is accompanied, undoubtedly, by their high emotional tension. In this study, we aimed to assess the risk of professional emotional burnout in school teachers with different activity profiles. It is the first time that the authors make a comparative study of phase development and pronounced burnout symptoms in primary school teachers, subject teachers and school authorities. Analysis of correlation relationships between age, teaching experience, neuropsychic adaptation performance and emotional burnout in school teachers with different activity profiles is carried out.

Methods. The study included 145 teachers at the age of 24–68 years old from 6 Magadan schools. In the course of the study, the teachers were divided into three groups taking into account teachers’ activity profile. Emotional burnout indices were measured using questionnaire “Diagnostics of Emotional Burnout Level” by V. V. Boyko. To determine the level of neuropsychic adaptation, the questionnaire by I. N. Gurvich was used.

Results and Discussion. Stage formation and evidence of burnout symptoms in school teachers with different activity profiles are studied in comparative aspect. Correlation relationships between age, teaching experience and emotional burnout in school teachers with different activity profiles are found out. The level of teachers’ neuropsychic adaptation is studied. Correlation relationships between neuropsychic adaptation and emotional burnout in school teachers with different activity profiles are found out. It is shown that the development of emotional burnout syndrome in school teachers takes place against the background of neuropsychic adaptation disorder and neuroticizm formation.
Ampelopsin Improves Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease and Effects of Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in the Hippocampus
Authors: Wang Yan , Lv Wei , Li Yueyang , Liu Dandan , He Xiuting , Liu Ting
Published: December 2019

Background:

Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have significant effects on cognitive
deficiency in the pathophysiological development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study,
we studied the influences of Ampelopsin (AMP) on proinflammatory cytokines (PICs, IL-1β, IL-6 and
TNF-α), and products of oxidative stress 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-iso PGF2α, a product of oxidative
stress); and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, a key biomarker of protein oxidation) in the hippocampus
using a rat model of AD.

Methods:

ELISA was used to examine PICs and oxidative stress production; and western blotting to
examine NADPH oxidase (NOXs). The Spatial working memory tests and Morris water maze were
utilized to assess cognitive functions.

Results:

We observed amplification of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as 8-iso PGF2α and 8-OHdG in
the hippocampus of AD rats. AMP attenuated upregulation of PICs and oxidative stress production.
AMP also inhibited NOX4 in the AD rat hippocampus. Notably, AMP mostly improved learning performance
in AD rat and this was linked to signal pathways of PIC and oxidative stress.

Conclusion:

AMP plays a significant role in improving the memory deficiency in AD rats via inhibition
of signal pathways of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, suggesting that AMP is likely to
prospect in preventing and relieving development of the cognitive dysfunctions in AD as a complementary
alternative intervention.
The Study on Chlorination by Sulfuryl Chloride of Benzene/Pyridine Carboxamides and Carbonitriles
Authors: Yang Weiqing , Cao Yongjing , Cheng Hongrui , Sun Qingrong , Ma Menglin
Published: December 2019

In the chlorination of N-[2-aryl-1-(1-piperidinylcarbonyl)ethenyl]arenecarboxamides, it has
been found that a derivative having two methoxy substituents on the arenecarbonyl ring undergoes
chlorination on the same ring rather than converting into the expected enamine bond chlorination
product. Based on the above results, the chlorination of benzamides/nicotinamides by sulfuryl chloride
(SO2Cl2) has been studied. We developed a method of synthesizing aromatic chlorinated compounds
by treating aromatic amides or nitriles with SO2Cl2 in dichloromethane at 0oC without catalyst. This is
a new mild method and gives good yields, especially when benzene ring is substituted by amide or cyano
group together with the alkoxy group.
A Novel Approach to Discover Ontology Alignment
Authors: Patel Archana , Jain Sarika
Published: December 2019

Background:

The rise of knowledge-rich applications has made ontologies as a common
reference point to link the legacy IT systems. The interoperability and integration of two disparate
systems in the same domain demand for the resolution of the heterogeneity problem. The major
source of heterogeneity lies in the classical representation scheme of ontologies.

Objective:

Our objective is to present a novel approach to discover ontology alignment by exploiting
the comprehensive knowledge structure, where every entity is represented and stored as a
knowledge unit.

Methods:

We have created the dataset ourselves by using protégé tool because no dataset is available
based on the idea of comprehensive knowledge structure.

Results:

The proposed approach always detects correct alignments and achieves optimal or near to
optimal performance (in term of precision) in case of equivalence relationship.

Conclusion:

The aim of this paper is not to make a full-fledged matching/alignment tool, but to emphasize
the importance of distinctive features of an entity while performing entity matching. The
matchers are therefore used as black boxes and may be filled based on user’s choice.
Michel Foucault: Die Geständnisse des Fleisches
Authors: Schubert Karsten
Published: December 2019

Rezension von Michel Foucault: Die Geständnisse des Fleisches. Sexualität und Wahrheit 4. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp 2019.
La supervivencia y desarrollo de plántulas de Brosimum alicastrum (Moraceae) y Psidium sartorianum (Myrtaceae) difieren en condiciones de inundación
Authors: Mendoza-Arroyo Gustavo Enrique , Morón-Ríos Alejandro , González-Espinosa Mario , Alayón-Gamboa José Armando , Macario-Mendoza Pedro Antonio
Published: December 2019

Antecedentes y Objetivos: En los bosques tropicales la inundación estacional puede actuar como filtro ambiental afectando la supervivencia, el establecimiento y el crecimiento de las plántulas de especies arbóreas e influir en la estructura de las comunidades. Se simularon condiciones de inundación y sequía con el objetivo de evaluar su efecto como filtro ambiental sobre la supervivencia, crecimiento (longitud del tallo y número de hojas) y biomasa acumulada en plántulas de Brosimum alicastrum y Psidium sartorianum de la selva de Campeche, México.
Métodos: Se estableció un experimento en condiciones de vivero con un diseño completamente al azar, con tres tratamientos (sequía, riego regular e inundación). Para cada tratamiento se utilizaron 45 plántulas de cada especie. Se evaluaron la supervivencia, altura y número de hojas de las plántulas al inicio del experimento y a intervalos de 30 días hasta su conclusión a los 120 días. Al finalizar, se cosecharon las plántulas y se midió la longitud de las raíces y la biomasa acumulada.
Resultados clave: La inundación disminuyó la supervivencia de plántulas de B. alicastrum y no la de P. sartorianum, limitó la longitud del tallo, el número de hojas y la biomasa acumulada de ambas especies, pero no la biomasa de raíces de P. sartorianum. La supervivencia de las plántulas expuestas a sequía y riego regular no cambió y aumentó el crecimiento y biomasa acumulada.
Conclusiones: Las respuestas de las especies contribuyeron a entender el papel del filtro ambiental en el establecimiento de las plántulas de especies arbóreas en los bajos de Calakmul, Campeche. La inundación estacional actúa como un filtro ambiental, elimina las plántulas de B. alicastrum en los bajos, mientras que esta especie predomina en áreas con suelos bien drenados como los lomeríos adyacentes a la zona inundada. Psidium sartorianum se adaptó a las condiciones de sequía e inundación, como se observa en su hábitat natural.
Scolytus schevyrewi y Euwallacea ca. fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) en Tijuana, Baja California, México
Authors: Méndez-Montiel José Tulio , Campos-Bolaños Rodolfo , Atkinson Thomas H. , García-Díaz Silvia Edith
Published: December 2019

Se reporta la asociación del descortezador exótico Scolytus schevyrewi y el barrenador ambrosial Euwallacea ca. fornicatus, en árboles de parques, jardines y camellones de la ciudad de Tijuana, Baja California, México.
Biomecánica de los árboles: crecimiento, anatomía y morfología
Authors: Vargas-Silva Gustavo
Published: December 2019

Los árboles son los seres vivos más grandes y pesados que han poblado la Tierra. Para conseguirlo, cuentan con la madera (un material estructural excepcional) y con un sinnúmero de estrategias de diseño. Este trabajo es una revisión del estado del arte relacionada con las estrategias más importantes de crecimiento, anatomía y morfología que tienen los árboles, destacando conceptos generales relacionados con atributos estructurales que tienen que ver con la biomecánica de las plantas. Asimismo, este artículo resalta las características de los materiales naturales vegetales que poseen una organización jerárquica y que, en su mayoría, son materiales compuestos reforzados con fibras, materiales con estructura celular o ambos, como la madera.
Efectos del aprovechamiento forestal en la estructura, diversidad y dinámica de rodales mixtos en la Sierra Juárez de Oaxaca, México
Authors: Ramírez Santiago Rosario , Ángeles Pérez Gregorio , Hernández de La Rosa Patricia , Cetina Alcalá Víctor Manuel , Plascencia Escalante Ofelia , Clark-Tapia Ricardo
Published: December 2019

Se ha documentado que las prácticas silvícolas en aprovechamientos maderables tienden a simplificar la composición y la complejidad estructural del bosque. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar los cambios en la estructura, la diversidad y la dinámica arbórea de rodales mixtos intervenidos por el método de selección grupal (SG) y árboles padre (AP), así como áreas sin intervenir denominadas bosque de referencia (BR) en la Sierra Juárez de Oaxaca, México. En 2007 y 2012, se obtuvieron datos de diámetro, área basal, altura, supervivencia e incorporación de especies arbóreas de 29 parcelas permanentes de 1000 m2 establecidas en áreas de manejo forestal y conservación. Los resultados mostraron un crecimiento acelerado del arbolado en SG y AP, y ausencia de diferencias en estructura, incremento en volumen y riqueza específica. Sin embargo, BR mostró una distribución diamétrica en forma de “J” invertida, característica de un bosque maduro, así como una mayor diversidad arbórea que los sitios SG y AP. El Incremento medio anual en volumen no mostró diferencias entre las tres condiciones evaluadas al utilizar el total de especies, sin embargo, al analizar solo las especies de pino, SG y AP difirieron con BR, cuyo incremento fue menor. Los resultados generados contribuyen al entendimiento de los procesos ecológicos de los ecosistemas de pino-encino y también a comprender los sistemas silvícolas utilizados y con ello ayudar a formular un manejo sostenible. Se recomienda la aplicación del método de SG que incorpore de manera sistemática la retención de elementos estructurales, para promover la conservación de la biodiversidad en la Sierra de Juárez, Oaxaca.