bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different breeding lines of quinoa significantly influence the quality of baked cookies and cooked grains
Authors: Nalbandian Elizabeth , Pietrysiak Ewa , Murphy Kevin M. , Ganjyal Girish M.
Published: November 2022

Ten advanced breeding lines of quinoa were evaluated for their physicochemical and functional characteristics. These novel breeding lines were used in two model foods, including cookies and cooked grains, to understand the influence of their characteristics on the product quality.

The cookies were baked using whole quinoa flour, and the quality attributes of texture, physical dimensions, and color were measured. The whole quinoa grains were cooked with water at a 1:4 (w/w) grain‐to‐water ratio, and quality attributes including water uptake (WU‐G), bulk density (BD‐G), and cooking loss (CL‐G) were measured.

Significant differences in the quality of both products as an impact of the breeding lines were observed. In baked cookies, the WAQ2 variety produced cookies with the lowest diameter, whereas cookies prepared with WAQ1 were significantly softer than other varieties. In terms of cooked quinoa, WAQ8 exhibited the highest WU‐G while WAQ1 showed the highest CL‐G.

Correlations were observed between flour characteristics and final product quality. Cookie height was negatively correlated with protein content, whereas the water solubility index (WSI) of flours had a positive effect on the cookie hardness. The cooking characteristics of quinoa grains were found to be correlated with the thermal properties of whole quinoa flour.

The results of this study will help determine the advanced breeding lines for release as commercial varieties and will also provide food processors with information to find suitable quinoa varieties for different food applications.

Practical Application

New quinoa breeding lines have been developed to be grown in the climate conditions of Washington State. These varieties were characterized to find correlations with food quality for cookies and cooked grains. The results from this study will help farmers navigate among the quinoa varieties and help commercial food producers use the optimal quinoa variety for their specific food products.
Spatially balanced sampling methods are always more precise than random ones for estimating the size of aggregated populations
Authors: Perret Jan , Charpentier Anne , Pradel Roger , Papuga Guillaume , Besnard Aurélien
Published: November 2022

Population size is a crucial parameter for both ecological research and conservation planning. When individuals are aggregated, estimating the size of a population through sampling raises methodological challenges, as the high variance between sampling units leads to imprecise estimates. Choosing the right sample design depending on the population aggregation level could improve the precision of estimates; however, this is difficult because studies comparing sample designs for aggregated populations have been limited to a few populations and sampling designs, so their results cannot be generalised.

To address this gap, we combined simulations of spatial point populations and field counts of three plant species to compare the relative precision of estimates between three sampling methods: simple random sampling (SRS), systematic sampling (SYS) and spatially balanced sampling (SBS). Comparisons were performed on density and aggregation gradients for a range of sample sizes.

Our simulations showed that SYS and SBS were always more precise than SRS when individuals were aggregated, reducing sampling variance up to 80% and 60%. The highest precision for estimating population size was always obtained when the average distance between sampling units equalled the diameter of the clusters (i.e. the groups of individuals). The difference in precision was similar for the natural populations, with sampling variance lowered by up to 75% (SYS) and 60% (SBS) compared to SRS.

These findings lead us to recommend using SYS or SBS rather than SRS to estimate population size when individuals are spatially aggregated, as these consistently provide more precise estimates. Assessing cluster diameters in the field enables a quick assessment of the potential gain in precision to expect, and thus the best choice of sampling method depending on the trade‐off between precision and field constraints.
Australian National Aged Care Classification behaviour assessment and people living with dementia in residential aged care: Inclusive language for reform?
Authors: Wesson Jacqueline , du Toit Sanetta Henrietta Johanna , Wales Kylie , Gresham Meredith , Flavin Theresa , Brodaty Henry
Published: November 2022

Objective

To examine the language of the behaviour assessment in the new Australian National Aged Care Classification (AN‐ACC) funding instrument. We explored whether the (BRUA) will support an inclusive and progressive approach for people living with dementia in residential aged care.

Methods

Databases were searched to identify publicly available literature relating to the development of the AN‐ACC and BRUA, and hand searches of reference lists and selected websites were completed to identify additional grey literature, dementia language and best practice guidelines. Criteria for language use were extracted and compared with the BRUA in the light of the current national aged care reform agenda, as well as research with and perspectives of people with lived experience of dementia.

Results

The language within the BRUA did not align with international dementia language guidelines, and the content presented was disrespectful to those with lived experience. The assessment appears inconsistent with international best practices and is potentially discriminatory within the aged care cohort.

Conclusions

The BRUA is intended as a funding instrument and not as a care planning tool, yet the negative representation of the lived experience of people with dementia embedded within a mandated assessment is likely to influence industry practice by condoning unsuitable language and attitudes amongst assessors, providers and staff. For better alignment with the current positive agenda for aged care reform in Australia, we recommend continued review and updating of this tool to avoid unintended consequences.
Increased risk of psoriasis: An immune sequela of herpes zoster? Evidence from a nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Chen Yu‐Wen , Shen Amy , Wang Yu‐Hsun , Wei James Cheng‐Chung , Yeh Chih‐Jung
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background

Several cases of herpes zoster‐induced psoriasis have been reported in the literature.

Objective

Our nationwide retrospective cohort study is designed to examine the risk association between herpes zoster and psoriasis.

Methods

From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 26,623 patients from 1999 to 2013 with a diagnosis of herpes zoster and no prior history of psoriasis were selected as the study subjects. The control group was established during the study period from those without a herpes zoster diagnosis and was propensity score matched to minimize confounding factors. Both cohorts were followed for cases of psoriasis development. Data analysis was done via Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox Proportional‐Hazards Models.

Results

Comparing the study group to control, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.66 (95% CI, 1.31–2.13: p < 0.05) after adjusting for covariates (age, gender, urbanization, selected comorbidities and selected medications use). Statistical analysis found no interaction effect among herpes zoster and other covariates for risk modification of psoriasis development.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated an increased risk of psoriasis in patients diagnosed with herpes zoster.
Is helping you helping me? The assessment of helping others using event sampling methodology in a clinical and a non‐clinical sample
Authors: Gloster Andrew T. , Rinner Marcia T. B. , Haller Elisa , Hoyer Jürgen , Mikoteit Thorsten , Imboden Christian , Hatzinger Martin , Bader Klaus , Miché Marcel , Lieb Roselind , Meyer Andrea H.
Published: November 2022

Individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) and social phobia (SP) have difficulties in social interactions. It is unknown, however, whether such difficulties prevent them from helping others, thereby depriving them of the natural benefits of helping, such as receiving gratitude. Using event sampling methodology (ESM), individuals (MDD, n = 118; SP, n = 47; and control group, n = 119) responded to questions about the frequency of helping, in total at 5333 time points, and their well‐being. Contrary to our hypothesis, individuals in the MDD, SP and control group did not differ in their helping frequency. Results did show an association between helping and well‐being, such that helping is related to well‐being and well‐being to helping. Understanding the complex relation of helping others and well‐being and how this might be used during therapy and prevention programmes are discussed.
Rapid ex vivo reverse genetics identifies the essential determinants of prion protein toxicity
Authors: Reimann Regina R. , Puzio Martina , Rosati Antonella , Emmenegger Marc , Schneider Bernard L. , Valdés Pamela , Huang Danzhi , Caflisch Amedeo , Aguzzi Adriano
Published: November 2022

The cellular prion protein PrPC mediates the neurotoxicity of prions and other protein aggregates through poorly understood mechanisms. Antibody‐derived ligands against the globular domain of PrPC (GDL) can also initiate neurotoxicity by inducing an intramolecular R208‐H140 hydrogen bond (“H‐latch”) between the α2‐α3 and β2‐α2 loops of PrPC. Importantly, GDL that suppresses the H‐latch prolong the life of prion‐infected mice, suggesting that GDL toxicity and prion infections exploit convergent pathways. To define the structural underpinnings of these phenomena, we transduced 19 individual PrPC variants to PrPC‐deficient cerebellar organotypic cultured slices using adenovirus‐associated viral vectors (AAV). We report that GDL toxicity requires a single N‐proximal cationic residue (K27 or R27) within PrPC. Alanine substitution of K27 also prevented the toxicity of PrPC mutants that induce Shmerling syndrome, a neurodegenerative disease that is suppressed by co‐expression of wild‐type PrPC. K27 may represent an actionable target for compounds aimed at preventing prion‐related neurodegeneration.
Comparison between renal pelvic and ureteral tumors in muscle‐invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Qiwei Chen , Jiajun Shi , Cheng Liang , Shengbo Huang , Yue Kuai , Shujing Wang , Liu Wenlong , Xinqing Zhu , Hongyu Wang , Deyong Yang
Published: November 2022

Although renal pelvic and ureteral urothelial carcinoma share similarities in their origins, disparities on a genetic and clinical level make them divergent entities. Clinical information from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to validate the characteristics and molecular subtypes using single‐center data, which were compared between the two types of muscle‐invasive tumors. Simultaneously, to expand the sample size for further verification, we explored a deep learning algorithm to correctly classify molecular subtypes from H&E histology slides. We suggested that the renal pelvic group might have a proclivity towards luminal and the ureter towards basal and P53‐like. Furthermore, we explore the heterogeneity of matrix and immune tumor microenvironment, and the ureteral group had more immune cell infiltration and higher stiffness. Collectively, these results showed that muscle‐invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma exist in distinct properties of clinical characteristics, molecular subtype, and tumor microenvironment.
Chance events in managers' careers: Positive and negative events, their expected and unexpected outcomes
Authors: Legrand Celine , Naschberger Christine , Baruch Yehuda , Bozionelos Nikos
Published: November 2022

Current literature focuses on factors that explain career success but mostly ignores the role of chance events and the way they affect careers. Furthermore, the literature does not distinguish between different types of chance events and their outcomes. We draw on 682 questionnaires with both qualitative and quantitative elements completed by managers in a major European country, more than 60% of whom indicated they had experienced a significant chance event that had influenced their career. While the majority reported positive events that led to positive career outcomes, substantial numbers reported other scenarios of perceived event‐impact cases (e.g., approximately 16% reported a negative event that had positive career consequences). Qualitative analysis revealed specific attributes of a four‐quadrant framework, whereas quantitative analysis compared the groups regarding career‐related outcomes and psychological characteristics that reflect career orientations. Some of the differences between the groups are counterintuitive. Our study makes a unique and original contribution by uncovering the role of chance events in careers.
Extended PROMETHEE approach with 2‐tuple linguistic m‐polar fuzzy sets for selection of elliptical cardio machine
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Noreen Uzma , Pamucar Dragan
Published: November 2022

The Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) is an outranking series of multi‐attribute decision making used to assess a finite collection of alternatives based on conflicting criteria. One of its significant benefits is its adjustability in response to a set of acceptable preference functions that may quantify the differences between alternatives conditional on the kind and structure of the criteria. This article offers the novel approach of the PROMETHEE method, named the 2TLmF PROMETHEE method, which combines the multi‐polarity with linguistic information of decision problems. The customary procedure of the offered technique begins with the normalized weights of the attributes assigned by decision‐makers. After that, Gaussian and the usual preference functions are utilized to determine the preferences of the alternatives. The ultimate choice is based on the alternative's positive and negative outranking flow. The positive outranking demonstrates how one alternative outranks all other options, while the negative preference flow implies an alternative is superior to all other options. There are several modifications to the PROMETHEE approach, two of which are discussed in this article. The first is PROMETHEE I, which uses positive and negative preference flows to generate a partial ranking. Secondly, PROMETHEE II gives a comprehensive rating list based on the net flow, representing the balance of positive and negative preference flows. Further, a comprehensive flowchart is used to show the entire picture of the proposed methodology. As an application, a real‐life situation related to selecting an elliptical machine for a home gym is chosen to illustrate the transparency and reliability of the presented work. Finally, a comparative study is carried out to illustrate the strength and applicability of the proposed method.
Established and emerging roles for mitochondria in neutrophils
Authors: Peng Shuang , Gao Jian , Stojkov Darko , Yousefi Shida , Simon Hans‐Uwe
Published: November 2022

Neutrophils are the most abundant innate immune cells in human blood, emerging as important players in a variety of diseases. Mitochondria are bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles critical for cell fate and function. Mitochondria have been overlooked in neutrophil research owing to the conventional view that neutrophils contain few, if any, competent mitochondria and do not rely on these organelles for adenosine triphosphate production. A growing body of evidence suggests that mitochondria participate in neutrophil biology at many levels, ranging from neutrophil development to chemotaxis, effector function, and cell death. Moreover, mitochondria and mitochondrial components, such as mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid, can be released by neutrophils to eliminate infection and/or shape immune response, depending on the specific context. In this review, we provide an update on the functional role of mitochondria in neutrophils, highlight mitochondria as key players in modulating the neutrophil phenotype and function during infection and inflammation, and discuss the possibilities and challenges to exploit the unique aspects of mitochondria in neutrophils for disease treatment.
Relationship between carotid intima‐media thickness and periodontal disease in a Japanese urban population with and without hypertension: The Suita Study
Authors: Kida Momoyo , Kokubo Yoshihiro , Kosaka Takayuki , Ono Takahiro , Maeda Yoshinobu , Watanabe Makoto , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Ikebe Kazunori
Published: November 2022

Aim

To investigate the association between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis and to examine whether the association is modified by hypertension status.

Materials and Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 1472 Japanese individuals aged 50–79 years who underwent a medical check‐up, dental examination, and carotid ultrasonography were studied. Carotid atherosclerosis was expressed as the maximum and mean carotid intima‐media thickness (max‐IMT, mean‐IMT) and the presence of stenosis (≥75%). Periodontal status was examined by the Community Periodontal Index (CPI, codes 0–4). The participants were divided into three groups according to the periodontal status (CPI0–2, CPI3, CPI4).

Results

A positive correlation was found between mean‐IMT and periodontal disease after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors in the entire cohort (mean‐IMT in hypertensives: CPI0–2: 0.848 mm, CPI3: 0.857 mm, CPI4: 0.877 mm; normotensives: 0.782, 0.802, 0.826). In the entire cohort, the multivariable‐adjusted odds ratio of stenosis based on mean‐IMT significantly increased according to periodontal status in normotensives (odds ratio; CPI0–2: 1, CPI3: 1.39, CPI4: 2.53; p‐value for trend = .004) but showed only marginal significant increase in hypertensives (1, 1.15, 1.55; p‐value for trend = .063). No significant relationships were observed for max‐IMT in all analyses.

Conclusion

We observed an association between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis in normotensive and hypertensive participants.
Acral lamellar ichthyosis with amino acid substitution in the C‐terminus of keratin 2
Authors: Frommherz Leonie , Komlosi Katalin , Hewel Charlotte , Kopp Julia , Dewenter Malin , Zimmer Andreas , Bartsch Oliver , Linke Matthias , Technau‐Hafsi Kristin , Gerber Susanne , Fischer Judith , Has Cristina
Published: November 2022

Background

Most cases of hereditary ichthyoses present with generalized scaling and skin dryness. However, in some cases skin involvement is restricted to particular body regions as in acral lamellar ichthyosis.

Objectives

We report on the genetic basis of acral ichthyosis in two families presenting with a similar phenotype.

Methods

Genetic testing was performed by targeted next generation sequencing and whole‐exome sequencing. For identity‐by‐descent analysis, the parents were genotyped and data analysis was performed with the Chromosome Analysis Suite Software. RT‐PCR with RNA extracted from skin samples was used to analyse the effect of variants on splicing.

Results

Genetic testing identified a few heterozygous variants, but only the variant in KRT2 c.1912 T > C, p.Phe638Leu segregated with the disease and remained the strongest candidate. Pairwise identity‐by‐descent analysis revealed no indication of family relationship. Phenylalanine 638 is the second last amino acid upstream of the termination codon in the tail of K2, and substitution to leucine is predicted as probably damaging. Assessment of the variant is difficult, in part due to the lack of crystal structures of this region.

Conclusions

Altogether, we show that a type of autosomal dominant acral ichthyosis is most probably caused by an amino acid substitution in the C‐terminus of keratin 2.
RSC3K of soybean cv. Kefeng No.1 confers resistance to soybean mosaic virus by interacting with the viral protein P3
Authors: Jin Tongtong , Yin Jinlong , Wang Tao , Xue Song , Li Bowen , Zong Tingxuan , Yang Yunhua , Liu Hui , Liu Mengzhuo , Xu Kai , Wang Liqun , Xing Guangnan , Zhi Haijian , Li Kai
Published: November 2022

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most devastating viral pathogens of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr). In total, 22 Chinese SMV strains (SC1–SC22) have been classified based on the responses of 10 soybean cultivars to these pathogens. However, although several SMV‐resistance loci in soybean have been identified, no gene conferring SMV resistance in the resistant soybean cultivar (cv.) Kefeng No.1 has been cloned and verified. Here, using F2‐derived F3 (F2:3) and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations from a cross between Kefeng No.1 and susceptible soybean cv. Nannong 1138‐2, we localized the gene in Kefeng No.1 that mediated resistance to SMV‐SC3 strain to a 90‐kb interval on chromosome 2. To study the functions of candidate genes in this interval, we performed Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV)‐induced gene silencing (VIGS). We identified a recombinant gene (which we named RSC3K) harboring an internal deletion of a genomic DNA fragment partially flanking the LOC100526921 and LOC100812666 reference genes as the SMV‐SC3 resistance gene. By shuffling genes between infectious SMV DNA clones based on the avirulent isolate SC3 and virulent isolate 1129, we determined that the viral protein P3 is the avirulence determinant mediating SMV‐SC3 resistance on Kefeng No.1. P3 interacts with RNase proteins encoded by RSC3K, LOC100526921, and LOC100812666. The recombinant RSC3K conveys much higher anti‐SMV activity than LOC100526921 and LOC100812666, although those two genes also encode proteins that inhibit SMV accumulation, as revealed by gene silencing in a susceptible cultivar and by overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana. These findings demonstrate that RSC3K mediates the resistance of Kefeng No.1 to SMV‐SC3 and that SMV resistance of soybean is determined by the antiviral activity of RNase proteins.
Trainees' perceptions of being allowed to fail in clinical training: A sense‐making model
Authors: Klasen Jennifer M. , Teunissen Pim W. , Driessen Erik , Lingard Lorelei A.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Clinical supervisors allow trainees to fail during clinical situations when trainee learning outweighs concerns for patient safety. Trainees perceive failure as both educationally valuable and emotionally draining; however, the nuance of supervised failures has not been researched from the trainee perspective. This study explored trainees' awareness and their experience of failure and allowed failure to understand those events in‐depth.

Methods

We interviewed 15 postgraduate trainees from nine teaching sites in Europe and Canada. Participants were a purposive sample, representing 1–10 years of clinical training in various specialties. Consistent with constructivist grounded theory, data collection and analysis were iterative, supporting theoretical sampling to explore themes.

Results

Trainees reported that failure was a common, valuable, and emotional experience. They perceived that supervisors allowed failure, but they reported never having it explicitly confirmed or discussed. Therefore, trainees tried to make sense of these events on their own. If they interpreted a failure as allowed by the supervisor, trainees sought to ascertain supervisory intentions. They described situations where they judged supervisor's intentions to be constructive or destructive.

Discussion

Our results confirm that trainees perceive their failures as valuable learning opportunities. In the absence of explicit conversations with supervisors, trainees tried to make sense of failures themselves. When trainees judge that they have been allowed to fail, their interpretation of the event is coloured by their attribution of supervisor intentions. Perceived intentions might impact the educational benefit of the experience. In order to support trainees' sense‐making, we suggest that supervisory conversations during and after failure events should use more explicit language to discuss failures and explain supervisory intentions.
Two new narrow endemic species of Microlicia (Melastomataceae, Lavoisiereae) from Serra do Porco Gordo, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Pacifico Ricardo , Almeda Frank , Gali Lorena , Fidanza Karina
Published: November 2022

During recent field expeditions to the Chapada Diamantina (Bahia, Brazil), two species of the neotropical genus Microlicia were collected that could not be placed in any of the previously described taxa of the genus. These two species are here proposed as new: Microlicia angelana and M. debilis. Both species are apparently endemic to the Serra do Porco Gordo in Arapiranga District, Rio de Contas. Diagnoses, line drawings, distribution maps, notes on diagnostic characters and conservation assessments are provided. Information on habitat and phenology is also included.
Prognostic Analysis of Spinal Metastasis Secondary to Lung Cancer after Surgeries: A Unicentric, Large‐Cohort, Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhai Shuheng , Hu Panpan , Liu Xiao , Li Zihe , Wang Ben , Zhou Hua , Liu Zhongjun , Liu Xiaoguang , Li Yan , Wei Feng
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Spinal metastases of lung cancer (SMLC) usually have high degree of malignancy and require surgical treatment. However, there are several controversies about the efficacy of surgery. This study aimed to investigate factors predicting prognosis of SMLC after surgery‐based comprehensive treatment.

Methods

A cohort of 112 cases of SMLC who underwent surgical treatment between 2009 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. The surgical strategies included total en‐bloc spondylectomy, debulking surgery, palliative decompression, and vertebral augmentation procedures. The patients were regularly followed‐up. Survival analysis was performed, as well as analysis of the patients' neurological recovery, pain relief, and improvement of Karnosky performance score (KPS). Cox regression was used to analyze influencing factors of survival time, and Kaplan–Meier method was performed in survival analysis.

Results

The cohort included 63 males and 49 females, with an average age of 60.6 ± 10.6 years. Median survival time was 16 months. A total of 86.7% of paralysis patients' neurological function recovered and 83.9% of patients with low KPS score (10–40) improved. Surgical method was significantly correlated with improvement of neurological function (p < 0.001) and KPS (p < 0.001). The mean bleeding volume was 502 ml and operative time was 170 min. The survival rates at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months were 92.0%, 80.4%, 63.4%, 63.4%, and 22.6%, respectively. Postoperative Frankel grade (p < 0.001), postoperative KPS score (p = 0.001), and application of molecular targeted drugs (p < 0.001) were significantly correlated with survival time in univariate analysis, while application of molecular targeted drugs was an independent predictor for a longer survival by a multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Surgery‐based comprehensive treatment brought a fair outcome, with elongated survival time. Surgery can significantly improve patients' neurological function and physical performance status. Adjuvant targeted therapy is an independent positive factor for patients' survival.
Evaluating the Women's Empowerment and Leadership Initiative: Supporting mentorship, career satisfaction, and well‐being among pediatric anesthesiologists
Authors: Deutsch Nina , Yanofsky Samuel D. , Markowitz Scott D. , Tackett Sean , Berenstain Laura K. , Schwartz Lawrence I. , Flick Randall , Heitmiller Eugenie , Fiadjoe John , Lee Helen H. , Honkanen Anita , Malviya Shobha , Lee Jennifer K. , Schwartz Jamie McElrath
Published: November 2022

The Society for Pediatric Anesthesia launched the Women's Empowerment and Leadership Initiative (WELI) in 2018 to empower highly productive women pediatric anesthesiologists to achieve equity, promotion, and leadership. WELI is focused on six career development domains: promotion and leadership, networking, conceptualization and completion of projects, mentoring, career satisfaction, and sense of well‐being. We sought feedback about whether WELI supported members' career development by surveys emailed in November 2020 (baseline), May 2021 (6 months), and January 2022 (14 months). Program feedback was quantitatively evaluated by the Likert scale questions and qualitatively evaluated by extracting themes from free‐text question responses. The response rates were 60.5% (92 of 152) for the baseline, 51% (82 of 161) for the 6‐month, and 52% (96 of 185) for the 14‐month surveys. Five main themes were identified from the free‐text responses in the 6‐ and 14‐month surveys. Members reported that WELI helped them create meaningful connections through networking, obtain new career opportunities, find tools and projects that supported their career advancement and promotion, build the confidence to try new things beyond their comfort zone, and achieve better work–life integration. Frustration with the inability to connect in‐person during the coronavirus‐19 pandemic was highlighted. Advisors further stated that WELI helped them improve their mentorship skills and gave them insight into early career faculty issues. Relative to the baseline survey, protégés reported greater contributions from WELI at 6 months in helping them clarify their priorities, increase their sense of achievement, and get promoted. These benefits persisted through 14 months. Advisors reported a steady increase in forming new meaningful relationships and finding new collaborators through WELI over time. All the members reported that their self‐rated mentoring abilities improved at 6 months with sustained improvement at 14 months. Thus, programs such as WELI can assist women anesthesiologists and foster gender equity in career development, promotion, and leadership.
“High” innovators? Marijuana legalization and regional innovation
Authors: Cheng Stephanie , Lin Pengkai , Tan (Ricky) Yinliang , Zhang Yuchen
Published: November 2022

The past three decades have witnessed a tremendous shift in public health policies toward marijuana legalization in the United States. Adopting the process‐based view of innovation, we hypothesize that marijuana's increased use and related consequences after its legalization affect innovators’ behavior and social environment during the innovation process, which in turn impacts regional innovation. Utilizing the staggered adoption of medical marijuana laws (MMLs) by 20 states between 1996 and 2013 as a quasi‐experimental setting, we find that legalizing medical marijuana reduces the overall output of regional innovation as proxied by patents’ total forward‐citation count aggregated by innovator location. Further analyses decomposing the overall output into patent quantity and quality reveal that the quantity of certain patents rises after states’ medical marijuana legalization. More importantly, these analyses show that the quality of all patents, especially that of “hit” patents, deteriorates, leading to a net negative effect on the overall output. These tests further suggest that different findings concerning patent quantity and quality are related to marijuana legalization's diverse influence on innovators’ individual and collaborative effectiveness during the innovation process. The decline in innovation output and quality after the adoption of MMLs is robust to the use of additional identification strategies. The evidence suggests that legalizing medical marijuana has an adverse effect on regional innovation activity.
Relationship between turnover intention and workplace personal relations among care workers employed by elder care facilities
Authors: Takeda Shinya , Fukuzaki Toshiki
Published: November 2022

Background

This study focuses on care workers at elder care facilities to examine what factors (including workplace personal relations) influence turnover intention and to what extent. Based on this analysis, the study discusses the content of workplace personal relations problems in qualitative terms.

Methods

The study targeted care workers at elder care facilities. There were 406 participants with no missing data who were analyzed. The survey period ranged from September to November 2021. Questions consisted of basic attributes, turnover intention, problems with workplace personal relations, content of personal relation problems, and psychological distress.

Results

Female care workers were 2.25 times more likely than male care workers to have turnover intention. Care workers with workplace personal relation problems were 1.97 times more likely than those without these problems to have high turnover intention. Moreover, with regard to psychological distress, the ratio increased to 4.99 times. The following six categories were extracted from the text data on workplace personal relation problems: insufficient communication, bullying, sense of unfair workload, different attitudes to care work, difficulty in guidance for subordinates/new staff, and labelling.

Conclusions

Gender, workplace personal relation problems, and psychological distress have shown to affect care workers' turnover intentions. To prevent care worker turnover, future studies should focus on the development and impact of strategies to improve workplace personal relations specific to care workers, targeting the six factors identified in this study.
Optimal designs for the development of personalized treatment rules
Authors: Azriel David , Rinott Yosef , Posch Martin
Published: November 2022

We study the design of multi‐armed parallel group clinical trials to estimate personalized treatment rules that identify the best treatment for a given patient with given covariates. Assuming that the outcomes in each treatment arm are given by a homoscedastic linear model, with possibly different variances between treatment arms, and that the trial subjects form a random sample from an unselected overall population, we optimize the (possibly randomized) treatment allocation allowing the allocation rates to depend on the covariates. We find that, for the case of two treatments, the approximately optimal allocation rule does not depend on the value of the covariates but only on the variances of the responses. In contrast, for the case of three treatments or more, the optimal treatment allocation does depend on the values of the covariates as well as the true regression coefficients. The methods are illustrated with a recently published dietary clinical trial.
A randomised controlled trial testing the rebound‐preventing benefit of four days of prednisolone during the induction of oclacitinib therapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Olivry Thierry , Lokianskiene Viktorija , Blanco Alejandro , Mestre Pablo Del , Bergvall Kerstin , Beco Luc
Published: November 2022

Background

A rebound of pruritus occasionally occurs after oclacitinib dose reduction in dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD).

Objectives

To determine whether an initial 4‐day course of prednisolone decreases the probability of a pruritus rebound after reducing the frequency of oclacitinib administration.

Animals

Forty dogs with mild‐to‐moderate AD lesions and moderate‐to‐severe pruritus.

Materials and Methods

Dogs were randomised to receive oclacitinib at 0.4–0.6 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days then once daily, alone or with prednisolone at 0.5 mg/kg, orally, twice daily for the first 4 days. Clinicians graded the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI)4 and 2D‐investigator global assessment (IGA) before and after 28 days; owners assessed the pruritis Visual Analog Scale (PVAS)10 and Owner Global Assessment of Treatment Efficacy (OGATE) on Day (D)0, D4, D14, D21 and D28. We considered a rebound any increase greater than one PVAS10 grade at D21 compared to D14.

Results

On D21, there were significantly fewer rebounds in the dogs receiving prednisolone (three of 20, 15%) compared to those given oclacitinib alone (nine of 20, 45%; Fisher's test, p = 0.041). Compared to oclacitinib monotherapy, the concurrent administration of prednisolone for the first 4 days led to significantly lower PVAS10 on D4 and D28, CADESI4 and 2D‐IGA on D28, and OGATE on D21 and D28 (Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney U‐tests). Adverse effects of therapy were minor, intermittent and self‐resolving.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

The initial addition of 4 days of prednisolone significantly decreased the probability of a rebound of pruritus 1 week after oclacitinib dose reduction. This short concomitant glucocorticoid administration led to a higher skin lesion improvement and improved perception of treatment efficacy with minimal adverse effects.
The growth of Tate–Shafarevich groups in cyclic extensions
Authors: Ouyang Yi , Xie Jianfeng
Published: November 2022

Let $p$ be a prime number. Kęstutis Česnavičius proved that for an abelian variety $A$ over a global field $K$, the $p$-Selmer group $\mathrm {Sel}_{p}(A/L)$ grows unboundedly when $L$ ranges over the $(\mathbb {Z}/p\mathbb {Z})$-extensions of $K$. Moreover, he raised a further problem: is $\dim _{\mathbb {F}_{p}} \text{III} (A/L) [p]$ also unbounded under the above conditions? In this paper, we give a positive answer to this problem in the case $p \neq \mathrm {char}\,K$. As an application, this result enables us to generalize the work of Clark, Sharif and Creutz on the growth of potential $\text{III}$ in cyclic extensions. We also answer a problem proposed by Lim and Murty concerning the growth of the fine Tate–Shafarevich groups.
Analysis of Pressure Pulsation in Hypercompressor Pipeline
Authors: Geng Maofei , Xiao Jun , Qian Zegang , Liu Shuai , Zhang Chengyan , Wang Le , Yu Xiaoling , Wang Haihong
Published: November 2022

The discharge pressure of hypercompressors in Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Plants reaches 350 MPa or higher, its safety and reliability requirements are extremely high. The pipeline vibration is the most important factor that involves the safety of the compressor. The pressure pulsation in the pipeline system is the core cause of the pipeline vibration. For the reciprocating compressors whose discharge pressure is lower than 35MPa, there are relatively complete analysis and measurement methods for pressure pulsation and pipeline vibration in API618. Hypercompressors are often accompanied by big pressure pulsation, far exceed the requirements of API618, but these devices can operate stably for many years, which thanks to detailed acoustic analysis and cyclic stress analysis. In this paper, a LDPE plant pipeline is researched. For security and operability, a non-invasive pressure pulsation measurement method based on the external surface strain of the pipeline is introduced. A detailed acoustic analysis model is established, and based on the pressure pulsation data of more than 60 measuring points arranged in the hypercompressor pipeline, the accuracy of acoustic simulation analysis is verified. The pulsation control components such as buffer tank and orifice are analyzed, the cause of vibration is stripped and analyzed so that targeted control measures can be developed, then some suggestions are given.
Impact of Elevated Loading Rates on the Shape of the Master Curve (ASTM E1921) for a German RPV Steel
Authors: Tlatlik Johannes , Mayer Uwe
Published: November 2022

The Master Curve Methodology (ASTM E1921) experimentally assesses a materials temperature-dependent fracture toughness, predominantly for quasi-static testing conditions. The treatment of elevated loading rates is described by the annex A1 of ASTM E1921 and A14 of ASTM E1820. This paper presents results of the evaluation of a very large and standard-conforming database in order to verify the procedures recommended by the standard.

Testing involved C(T)- and SEN(B)-specimens of the RPV-steel 22NiMoCr3-7 (A508 Grade 2) for loading rates of 100 MPa√m/s ≤ dK/dt ≤ 104 MPa√m/s for the entire ductile to brittle transition region. It was found that the shape and underlying distribution of the Master Curve show stronger shortcomings with increased loading rate. The optimal shape factor p increases with dK/dt, yet the methodology can still show strong shortcomings regarding the underlying distribution. It is argued that the cause for the observations are linked to adiabatic heating and local crack arrest that severely influence macroscopic fracture behavior. It is recommended that fracture mechanics testing at elevated loading rates is performed close to or below T0 in order to minimize the influence of dynamic loading conditions on the assessment.
Validation of the Models in ASME CC N-830-1
Authors: Erickson Marjorie , Kirk Mark , Long Elliot J.
Published: November 2022

The ASME Section XI Working Group on Flaw Evaluation (WGFE) has an ongoing effort intended to implement the KJc Master Curve (MC), as defined in ASTM E1921, into Section XI of the ASME Code. Code Case (CC) N-830 was approved by ASME in 2014 and was the first direct implementation of the KJc MC into the ASME Code. The CC used the 5th percentile lower bound of the Wallin Master Curve as an alternative to the ASME KIc curve to characterize material resistance to fracture in flow evaluations. To take advantage of the best-estimate fracture toughness models developed over the last two decades, CC N-830 was later modified to include a suite of self-consistent fracture toughness models, all linked to T0, that describe material fracture toughness metrics from lower shelf, through transition, to upper shelf behavior (i.e., KJc, KIa, JIc, J0.1, and J-R). Validation efforts described in detail in EPRI MRP 418 Rev. 1 show that the best estimate models contained in CC N-830-1 provide a much more accurate and consistent representation of fracture toughness across all temperatures than do RTNDT/KIc and associated JIc, J-R and KIa methods currently adopted in the Code.

Validation studies in addition to those included in MRP 418-1 were recently performed specifically focusing on materials characterized as having low upper shelf behavior to address concerns raised by Staff from the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regarding the validity of the CC N-830-1 model predictions for materials with upper shelf energy, or USE, < 68 J (50 ft-lbs). While data from such materials has been widely tested (e.g., irradiated Linde-80 weld) and used in the development of the JIc/J-R curve model, little such data was used to demonstrate the validity of the entire CC model (i.e., starting with an appropriate T0 value that is used to predict the J-R curve within the stated CC accuracy). In response to the NRC Staff concern, the Working Group conducted a careful and statistically rigorous analysis of additional low-upper shelf datasets, to provide a more compelling demonstration that no unconservative biases exist within the CC model for such materials. This paper describes the T0 to J-R Curve prediction model validation effort supporting consensus adoption of CC N-830-1 by ASME SC XI.
Utilization of a Sensor Array for the Risk-Aware Navigation in Industrial Plants at Risk of NaTech Accidents
Authors: O’Reilly Gerard J. , Shahnazaryan Davit , Nafeh Al Mouayad Bellah , Ozsarac Volkan , Sarigiannis Denis , Dubini Paolo , Dacarro Filippo , Gotti Alberto , Rosti Annalisa , Silvestri Davide , Brunesi Emanuele , Mascetti Sergio , Ducci Mattia , Carletti Davide , Ciucci Mariano , Marino Alessandra
Published: November 2022

This paper presents an overview of the ROSSINI project, illustrating its general objectives and how it places itself within the overall field of seismic risk-aware navigation systems. In particular, it describes the use of a sensor array for the integrated risk-aware navigation in industrial plants at risk of NaTech accidents. The integration of structural and environmental risks estimated and measured in different ways is presented as part of an integrated risk identification and evaluation (RIE) module. This module will be used along with a series of logic to combine and map the possible risks spatially within an industrial plant’s layout. It is seen how this information can then be used to not only compute the safest path to safety for a worker located within such a plant but also how mobile communications can be used to aid and guide them in different scenarios. All of this stems from the use of a sensor array network in a relatively novel way within this particular context. The paper discusses the progress to date and presents the ongoing results of a pilot case study application of the system to an industrial plant facility in Italy.
Development of a Robust Procedure for the Evaluation of Striation Spacings in Low Cycle Fatigue Specimens Tested in a Simulated PWR Environment
Authors: Howe Benjamin , Mann Jonathan , Que Zaiqing , Huotilainen Caitlin , Scenini Fabio , Burke Grace
Published: November 2022

A pressurized water reactor primary environment can have a deleterious effect on the fatigue lifetime of austenitic stainless steels. There is a need to develop a greater understanding behind the effect of a pressurized water reactor primary environment on the fatigue behaviour of austenitic stainless steels. One of the ways that we can improve our mechanistic understanding is by carrying out striation spacing analysis.

Striation counting is a widely used technique in fatigue failure investigations where it is typically used to infer information on crack progression, including the estimation of propagation rates and number of applied loading cycles. Standardised procedures for performing striation counting are uncommon, especially for environmental fatigue in a high temperature pressurized water reactor primary water environment where differences in fracture surface morphology and oxide coverage can lead to additional complications in performing an analysis.

One of the main goals of the EU Horizon 2020 INCEFA-SCALE project is to develop an improved mechanistic understanding of fatigue in these systems through extensive characterisation of laboratory tested specimens. As part of this work, this paper describes the development of a standardised and robust striation counting procedure for the low cycle fatigue of austenitic stainless steels operating in both air and simulated pressurized water reactor environments. Additionally, results are presented from round robin exercises that involved eight partners of the INCEFA-SCALE consortium.
Research on Defect Detection of Fully-Wrapped Carbon Fiber Reinforced Hydrogen Storage Cylinder With an Aluminum Liner by Industrial Computed Tomography
Authors: Shi Yan , Tang Ping , Miao Cunjian , Ling Zhangwei , Guo Weican , Yu Xuefen
Published: November 2022

Currently, on-board storage cylinders of compressed hydrogen for land vehicles primarily use fully-wrapped carbon fiber reinforced cylinders with an aluminum liner. Due to the multi-layer structure of the hydrogen storage cylinder, nondestructive testing of the cylinder is facing great challenges and the nondestructive testing methods given in the standard are mainly internal and external surface testing by using visual inspection or an endoscope, causing that many internal defects cannot be identified. Industrial computed tomography is able to intuitively display three-dimensional information of the examined object, and thus this technology is expected to detect internal defects of the cylinders. In this study, the loading system of the cylinder, including limit plates, support blocks and support columns, was designed and manufactured. The industrial computed tomography test method with the use of a filter was established, and the delamination defects at the cylinder neck, shoulder, and cylindrical shell were systematically researched. It was found that the delamination defect width at the neck was the largest, followed by the defect width at the shoulder, and the defect width at the cylindrical shell was the smallest. In addition, the whole cylinder was detected by using spiral scan, demonstrating that this test method had the potential to be a common tool to monitor the cylinder defects.