bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and follicular lymphoma risk: a family case–control study
Authors: Odutola Michael K , van Leeuwen Marina T , Bruinsma Fiona J , Benke Geza , Turner Michelle C , Trotman Judith , Turner Jennifer , Seymour John F , Prince H Miles , Milliken Samuel T , Tiley Campbell , Hertzberg Mark , Roncolato Fernando , Opat Stephen , Lindeman Robert , Verner Emma , Underhill Craig R , Cardis Elisabeth , Giles Graham , Vajdic Claire M
Published: September 2023

Objectives

We aimed to examine the relationship between occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) and follicular lymphoma (FL) risk.

Methods

We conducted a family case–control study between 2011 and 2016 in Australia and included 681 cases. Controls were either a family member of cases (related (n=294), unrelated (n=179)) or were unrelated recruited for a similarly designed Australian multiple myeloma study (n=711). We obtained detailed job histories using lifetime work calendars. We assigned exposure to ELF-MFs using an enhanced job exposure matrix, with a lag period of 10 years. We examined associations with FL risk using logistic regression accounting for relatedness between cases and controls. We performed sensitivity analyses including by control type, by sex, complete case analyses, ELF-MF exposure percentiles in addition to quartiles, ELF-MF exposure in the maximum exposed job, a shorter lag period (1 year) and the cumulative exposure in the most recent time period (1–9 years).

Results

We observed no association with the average intensity, duration or lifetime cumulative exposure to occupational ELF-MF exposure in the primary or sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions

Our findings do not support an association between occupational ELF-MF exposure and FL risk. Although the inclusion of family members as part of the larger control group may have biased our risk estimates towards the null, findings were similar in sensitivity analyses restricted to cases and unrelated controls. Further research incorporating enhanced exposure assessment to ELF-MF is warranted to inform occupational safety regulations and any potential role in lymphomagenesis.
Direct detection of finite-size dark matter via electron recoil
Authors: Wang Wenyu , Xu Wu-Long , Yang Jin Min
Published: September 2023

In direct dark matter (DM) detection via scattering off the electrons, the momentum transfer plays a crucial role. Previous work showed that for self-interacting DM, if the DM particle has a size (the so-called puffy DM), the radius effect could dominate the momentum transfer and become another source of velocity dependence for self-scattering cross-section. In this work, we investigate the direct detection of puffy DM particles with different radii through electron recoil. We find that comparing with the available experimental exclusion limits dominated by the mediator effect for XENON10, XENON100 and XENON1T, the constraints on the puffy DM-electron scattering cross-section become much weaker for large radius DM particles. For small-radius DM particles, the constraints remain similar to the point-like DM case.
A NEW INTELLIGENT MODEL BASED ON IMPROVED INCEPTION-V3 FOR ORAL CANCER AND CYST CLASSIFICATION
Authors: XIANG SUXIAN , HE YUN , HUANG CHENXI , GUO ZIYI , LIN SIMING , ZHU JIN
Published: September 2023

Oral cancer, which is also called mouth cancer, is cancer of the lining of the mouth, lips, or upper throat that has appeared in more than 355,000 people worldwide and caused more than 177,000 deaths, so it is essential to diagnose it as early as possible. Computed tomography (CT) scan is conducive to oral cancer diagnosis, but classifying oral CT images to cancer and cyst manually is difficult and time-consuming. A novel intelligent model based on improved Inception-v3 for classifying oral cancer and cyst CT images automatically is proposed in this paper. We replace the conventional convolution block in Inception-v3 with the Inverted Bottleneck Block and introduce Squeeze-and-Excitation Block (SEB) and Convolutional Block Attention Block (CBAB). The proposed model in this paper is trained on a dataset consisting of CT images of two classes (oral cancer and cyst), and the proposed model achieves 84.053% accuracy, 82.364% sensitivity, 84.508% specificity for oral cancer classification and outperforms other common models in classifying oral CT images.
ECG SIGNAL QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS BASED ON EXTREMUM ENERGY DECOMPOSITION METHOD
Authors: ZHOU YANYU , SONG YIHUA , SHE KANKAN , LI XINXIA , HU YU , NING XINBAO
Published: September 2023

Quantitative analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals plays a pivotal role in objectively and quantitatively assessing cardiac electrical activity. This paper presents an innovative approach for quantitative ECG signal analysis utilizing extremum energy decomposition (EED). The methodology encompasses multiple steps: acquisition of unknown ECG signal under specific time and sampling conditions, denoising of acquired ECG signals, and subsequent decomposition of denoised ECG signals into a set of extremum modal function components alongside a residual. The n extremum modal function components obtained effectively represent different frequency bands. By evaluating these n extremum modal function components, the presence and severity of abnormalities within the ECG signal can be determined. The results showcased the effectiveness of the method in accurately identifying abnormal ECG signals, and the technique demonstrated robustness against noise interference, enhancing its practical utility in clinical and diagnostic settings. This research contributes to the field of ECG analysis by offering a quantitative toolset that enhances the objectivity and accuracy of abnormality assessment in cardiac electrical activity.
ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS FOR THYROID NODULES AND STUDY ON THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH DIABETES AND STROKE
Authors: WANG FEI , YUAN CHENDI , WANG XUEFEI , CAO JIAWEN , GAO XIAOWEN , WANG YIFEI , HAN FULONG , QIAN QIAOHUI , SHAO ZEGUO
Published: September 2023

To explore the risk factors for thyroid nodules and their correlation with diabetes and stroke, the authors conducted a study on 1000 patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). The analysis included variables such as gender, age, familial thyroid disease, salt intake, iodine intake, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep quality, mental stress, exercise, BMI, blood pressure, diabetes, and baseline nodules. The Apriori algorithm of machine learning was used to derive 12 association rules ([Formula: see text]), and the decision tree algorithm was used to derive 20 effective knowledge rules. The results showed that iodine intake, salt intake, BMI, and advanced age were high-risk factors for thyroid nodules. Exercise, BMI, and age were strongly correlated, while exercise, mental stress, iodine intake, and salt intake showed a strong correlation. Exercise, sleep, smoking, and alcohol consumption influenced mental stress, while age, diseases (diabetes, hypertension, obesity), and lifestyle habits influenced sleep quality. The risk of diabetes and stroke increased in patients with thyroid nodules, and there was a strong correlation among diabetes, stroke, and thyroid nodules.
TELECENTRIC COLLIMATOR OPTICAL SYSTEM DESIGN FOR PHOTOACOUSTIC SYSTEM
Authors: CHOI HOJONG , RYU JAEMYUNG
Published: September 2023

Current photoacoustic systems face a technical bottleneck in terms of image resolution at the clinical level. Therefore, various methods in the optical system are proposed for improving resolution while processing acoustic signals. To improve the image resolution, a novel optical system design for a telecentric collimator optical system needs to be developed. The telecentric collimator system with three different cases (zoom 1, zoom 2, and zoom 3) was developed with different focal length variances. The designed telecentric collimator optical system can obtain a telecentric angle of 0.3° and maximum diffraction aberration of less than −0.27%. Therefore, we can conclude that a designed telecentric collimator design can be useful for improving the image resolution of the photoacoustic system at the target surface because the designed collimator optical system can provide a very small telecentric angle variance over a wide range.
Dispersion-Preserving Implicit–Explicit Numerical Methods for Reactive Flow Models
Authors: Amikiya Emmanuel A. , Banda Mapundi K.
Published: September 2023

Chemical reactions occur everywhere in both natural and artificial systems. Some of the reactions occur during the flow of a fluid (such a process is referred to as a reactive flow). Given the hazardous nature of some reactive flows, computer simulations (rather than physical experiments) are necessary for ascertaining or enhancing our understanding of such systems. The process of simulation involves mathematical and numerical modeling of the reactive flows. Mathematical models for reactive flow problems are complicated partial differential equations that often lack exact solutions, thus, numerical solutions are employed. Numerical methods must preserve almost all the relevant properties of the problem for accuracy reasons. Dispersion relations are important properties of wave propagation problems and numerical methods that satisfy them are called dispersion preserving methods. Furthermore, stiff transport models are wave propagation problems that cannot be solved efficiently with explicit methods. However, fully implicit methods are computationally expensive. A combination of implicit and explicit methods called implicit–explicit methods is usually employed to efficiently resolve stiffness. An example of problems of interest in this regard are the advection–diffusion–reaction (ADR) models. In this discussion, spectral analysis is performed on two implicit–explicit methods to ascertain their dispersion preserving abilities in order to determine their suitability for simulating general stiff reactive flow problems. The analysis shows that both implicit–explicit methods are dispersion preserving, however, one particular method is more suitable for general wave propagation problems.
Factors controlling the reactivity of synthetic compound-I analogs
Authors: Thomas Jithin , Goldberg David P.
Published: September 2023

A high-valent iron(IV)-oxo porphyrin radical cation (Fe[Formula: see text](O)(porph[Formula: see text] serves as a key, reactive intermediate for a range of heme enzymes, including cytochrome P450 (CYP), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and catalase (CAT). Synthetic analogs of this intermediate, known as Compound-I (Cpd-I) in the heme enzyme literature, have been generated with different tetrapyrrolic, macrocyclic ligands, including porphyrin derivatives, and the closely related ring-contracted macrocycles, corroles and corrolazines. These synthetic analogs have been useful for assigning and understanding structural and spectroscopic features and examining the reactivity of Cpd-I-like species in controlled and well-defined environments. This review focuses on summarizing recent developments in the synthesis and reactivity of high-valent iron–oxo porphyrinoid complexes in two main classes of reactions, proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) and oxygen atom transfer (OAT). The relationship between the structure of the complexes and their reactivity is emphasized, including the influence of axial ligation and peripheral macrocyclic substitution, as well as the effects of solvent and secondary coordination spheres on the reactivity of the Cpd-I analogs. In bringing together the latest findings on Cpd-I analogs, this review intends to broaden our current understanding of the factors that control the stability and reactivity of Cpd-I species. This new knowledge should, in turn, point toward new synthetic strategies for constructing catalysts that rely on Cpd-I-like reactive intermediates.
Revising the Boundary Element Method for Thermoviscous Acoustics: An Iterative Approach via Schur Complement
Authors: Preuss Simone , Paltorp Mikkel , Blanc Alexis , Henríquez Vicente Cutanda , Marburg Steffen
Published: September 2023

The Helmholtz equation is a reliable model for acoustics in inviscid fluids. Real fluids, however, experience viscous and thermal dissipation that impact the sound propagation dynamics. The viscothermal losses primarily arise in the boundary region between the fluid and solid, the acoustic boundary layers. To preserve model accuracy for structures housing acoustic cavities of comparable size to the boundary layer thickness, meticulous consideration of these losses is essential. Recent research efforts aim to integrate viscothermal effects into acoustic boundary element methods (BEM). While the reduced discretization of BEM is advantageous over finite element methods, it results in fully populated system matrices whose conditioning deteriorates when extended with additional degrees of freedom to account for viscothermal dissipation. Solving such a linear system of equations becomes prohibitively expensive for large-scale applications, as only direct solvers can be used. This work proposes a revised formulation for the viscothermal BEM employing the Schur complement and a change of basis for the boundary coupling. We demonstrate that static condensation significantly improves the conditioning of the coupled problem. When paired with an iterative solution scheme, the approach lowers the algorithmic complexity and thus reduces the computational costs in terms of runtime and storage requirements. The results demonstrate the favorable performance of the new method, indicating its usability for applications of practical relevance in thermoviscous acoustics.
U–Pb age constraints on the Carboniferous–Permian transition in continental basins of eastern equatorial Pangaea (France): implications for the depositional history and correlations across the late Variscan Belt
Authors: Mercuzot Mathilde , Rossignol Camille , Bourquin Sylvie , Ramezani Jahandar , Ducassou Céline , Poujol Marc , Beccaletto Laurent , Pellenard Pierre
Published: September 2023

Intramontane late Carboniferous–Permian basins of western Europe developed during the latest orogenic stages of the Variscan Mountain Belt in eastern Pangaea, at equatorial palaeolatitudes. Their stratigraphic framework is mainly based on continental subdivisions (e.g. Stephanian and Autunian continental stages), which can be contentious owing to biostratigraphic biases, resulting in long-distance diachronous subdivisions. To provide precise inter-basinal and global correlations to the internationally recognized chronostratigraphic marine stages, this study reports new U–Pb geochronology from the Aumance and Decize–La Machine basins, located in the northern French Massif Central. Zircon grains extracted from three volcanic ash-fall layers give weighted mean
206
Pb/
238
U ages of 299.11 ± 0.35, 298.73 ± 0.36 and 298.59 ± 0.35 Ma (2

σ

total propagated uncertainty) by the chemical abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry method, coinciding with the Carboniferous–Permian transition (Gzhelian and Asselian stages). These ages imply that the northern Massif Central basins developed synchronously in relatively short periods of time (<10 myr), reflecting substantial sedimentation rates. Finally, the new chronology of infilling of these basins confirms that they were connected during the late Carboniferous and early Permian periods, improving the knowledge on the late orogenic Variscan geodynamic setting in this area.

Supplementary material:
Operating conditions and complete analytical results are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6805228
Secure and Lightweight Authentication Protocol Using PUF for the IoT-based Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Roy Sourav , Das Dipnarayan , Sen Bibhash
Published: September 2023

The wireless sensor network (WSN) has been gaining popularity for automation and performance improvement in different IoT-based applications. The resource-constrained nature and operating environment of IoT make the devices highly vulnerable to different attacks. However, the Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) helps to implement secure and lightweight authentication protocols for IoT. In this context, few computation-intensive authentication protocols are found in the literature that have addressed secure IoT communication in WSN. Besides, these protocols depend on the local storage of PUF-CRP, which is susceptible to security attacks. This work proposes a lightweight and secure authentication protocol for the IoT devices in WSN. A PUF and its machine learning (ML)–based soft model is integrated to ensure secure authentication and lightweight computation in WSN. PUF prevents physical attacks while carrying much less hardware fingerprints, and the ML-based PUF provides the desired resiliency against PUF identity-based attacks by eliminating the requirement of CRP-based storage. The proposed mechanism delivers two-way authentication while nullifying the attacks on IoT. The proposed protocol is implemented on Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA and Raspberry Pi for testability and performance evaluation. Experiment results and analysis signify its low-cost computations and lightweight features desired for IoT.
A Graph-Based Context-Aware Model to Understand Online Conversations
Authors: Agarwal Vibhor , Young Anthony P. , Joglekar Sagar , Sastry Nishanth
Published: September 2023

Online forums that allow for participatory engagement between users have been transformative for the public discussion of many important issues. However, such conversations can sometimes escalate into full-blown exchanges of hate and misinformation. Existing approaches in natural language processing (NLP), such as deep learning models for classification tasks, use as inputs only a single comment or a pair of comments depending upon whether the task concerns the inference of properties of the individual comments or the replies between pairs of comments, respectively. However, in online conversations, comments and replies may be based on external context beyond the immediately relevant information that is input to the model. Therefore, being aware of the conversations’ surrounding contexts should improve the model’s performance for the inference task at hand.

We propose
GraphNLI
,

1

a novel graph-based deep learning architecture that uses graph walks to incorporate the wider context of a conversation in a principled manner. Specifically, a graph walk starts from a given comment and samples “nearby” comments in the same or parallel conversation threads, which results in additional embeddings that are aggregated together with the initial comment’s embedding. We then use these enriched embeddings for downstream NLP prediction tasks that are important for online conversations. We evaluate GraphNLI on two such tasks -
polarity prediction
and
misogynistic hate speech detection
- and find that our model consistently outperforms all relevant baselines for both tasks. Specifically, GraphNLI with a biased root-seeking random walk performs with a macro-
F
1
score of 3 and 6 percentage points better than the best-performing BERT-based baselines for the polarity prediction and hate speech detection tasks, respectively. We also perform extensive ablative experiments and hyperparameter searches to understand the efficacy of GraphNLI. This demonstrates the potential of context-aware models to capture the global context along with the local context of online conversations for these two tasks.
Variable-based Fault Localization via Enhanced Decision Tree
Authors: Jiang Jiajun , Wang Yumeng , Chen Junjie , Lv Delin , Liu Mengjiao
Published: September 2023

Fault localization, aiming at localizing the root cause of the bug under repair, has been a longstanding research topic. Although many approaches have been proposed in past decades, most of the existing studies work at coarse-grained statement or method levels with very limited insights about how to repair the bug (
granularity problem
), but few studies target the finer-grained fault localization. In this article, we target the
granularity problem
and propose a novel finer-grained variable-level fault localization technique. Specifically, the basic idea of our approach is that fault-relevant variables may exhibit different values in failed and passed test runs, and variables that have higher discrimination ability have a larger possibility to be the root causes of the failure. Based on this, we propose a program-dependency-enhanced decision tree model to boost the identification of fault-relevant variables via discriminating failed and passed test cases based on the variable values. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we have implemented it in a tool called
VarDT
and conducted an extensive study over the Defects4J benchmark. The results show that
VarDT
outperforms the state-of-the-art fault localization approaches with at least 268.4% improvement in terms of bugs located at Top-1, and the average improvement is 351.3%.

Besides, to investigate whether our finer-grained fault localization result can further improve the effectiveness of downstream APR techniques, we have adapted
VarDT
to the application of patch filtering, where we use the variables located by
VarDT
to filter incorrect patches. The results denote that
VarDT
outperforms the state-of-the-art PATCH-SIM and BATS by filtering 14.8% and 181.8% more incorrect patches, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach. It also provides a new way of thinking for improving automatic program repair techniques.
Pushing the Frontiers of Biodiversity Research: Unveiling the Global Diversity, Distribution, and Conservation of Fungi
Authors: Niskanen Tuula , Lücking Robert , Dahlberg Anders , Gaya Ester , Suz Laura M. , Mikryukov Vladimir , Liimatainen Kare , Druzhinina Irina , Westrip James R.S. , Mueller Gregory M. , Martins-Cunha Kelmer , Kirk Paul , Tedersoo Leho , Antonelli Alexandre
Published: September 2023

Fungi comprise approximately 20% of all eukaryotic species and are connected to virtually all life forms on Earth. Yet, their diversity remains contentious, their distribution elusive, and their conservation neglected. We aim to flip this situation by synthesizing current knowledge. We present a revised estimate of 2–3 million fungal species with a “best estimate” at 2.5 million. To name the unknown >90% of these by the end of this century, we propose recognition of species known only from DNA data and call for large-scale sampling campaigns. We present an updated global map of fungal richness, highlighting tropical and temperate ecoregions of high diversity. We call for further Red List assessments and enhanced management guidelines to aid fungal conservation. Given that fungi play an inseparable role in our lives and in all ecosystems, and considering the fascinating questions remaining to be answered, we argue that fungi constitute the next frontier of biodiversity research.
High-fat ketogenic diets and ketone monoester supplements differentially affect substrate metabolism during aerobic exercise
Authors: Margolis Lee M. , Pasiakos Stefan M. , Howard Emily E.
Published: September 2023

Chronically adhering to high-fat ketogenic diets or consuming ketone monoester supplements elicits ketosis. Resulting changes in substrate metabolism appear to be drastically different between ketogenic diets and ketone supplements. Consuming a ketogenic diet increases fatty acid oxidation with concomitant decreases in endogenous carbohydrate oxidation. Increased fat oxidation eventually results in an accumulation of circulating ketone bodies, which are metabolites of fatty acids that serve as an alternative source of fuel. Conversely, consuming ketone monoester supplements rapidly increases circulating ketone body concentrations that typically exceed those achieved by adhering to ketogenic diets. Rapid increases in ketone body concentrations with ketone monoester supplementation elicit a negative feedback inhibition that reduces fatty acid mobilization during aerobic exercise. Supplement-derived ketosis appears to have minimal impact on sparing of muscle glycogen or minimizing of carbohydrate oxidation during aerobic exercise. This review will discuss the substrate metabolic and associated aerobic performance responses to ketogenic diets and ketone supplements.
Adherence to the Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet and Bladder Cancer Risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, Ovarian (PLCO) Cohort
Authors: Chen Yuanhao , Zeng Song , Jiao Binbin , Zhang He , Li Gao , Zhang Xin , Hu Xiaopeng
Published: September 2023

Background:

This study aimed to explore the relationship between diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) and bladder cancer risk in Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, Ovarian (PLCO) cohort.

Methods:

Data from 99,001 participants in the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between DRRD score and bladder cancer incidence. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess whether variables such as age, sex, body mass index, cigarette smoking status, and history of diabetes influenced the observed association. The DRRD score was formulated on the basis of nine nutrient intake indicators derived from the Dietary History Questionnaire.

Results:

During the median follow-up of 11.7 years, 761 new bladder cancer cases were identified. Participants with highest DRRD scores exhibited a reduced risk of bladder cancer compared with those in the lowest quartile (unadjusted analysis, HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.53–0.82); multivariable adjusted analysis, HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64–0.98; Ptrend = 0.007). A similar risk reduction was seen solely in transitional cell carcinoma (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64–0.99; P = 0.007). In addition, the significant negative association between DRRD scores and bladder cancer risk persisted even after excluding participants with unique characteristics.

Conclusions:

This large prospective population-based study suggests that adherence to a DRRD may contribute to the prevention of bladder cancer.

Impact:

The DRRD could potentially mitigate bladder cancer risk, which warrants further validation in diverse populations.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Accelerating Cancer Histopathology Workflows with Chemical Imaging and Machine Learning
Authors: Falahkheirkhah Kianoush , Mukherjee Sudipta S. , Gupta Sounak , Herrera-Hernandez Loren , McCarthy Michael R. , Jimenez Rafael E. , Cheville John C. , Bhargava Rohit
Published: September 2023

Heterogeneity of lipid droplet density distribution for one patient between adjacent glands of the same grade.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Accelerating Cancer Histopathology Workflows with Chemical Imaging and Machine Learning
Authors: Falahkheirkhah Kianoush , Mukherjee Sudipta S. , Gupta Sounak , Herrera-Hernandez Loren , McCarthy Michael R. , Jimenez Rafael E. , Cheville John C. , Bhargava Rohit
Published: September 2023

Representative examples of virtual staining
FIGURE 2 from Accelerating Cancer Histopathology Workflows with Chemical Imaging and Machine Learning
Authors: Falahkheirkhah Kianoush , Mukherjee Sudipta S. , Gupta Sounak , Herrera-Hernandez Loren , McCarthy Michael R. , Jimenez Rafael E. , Cheville John C. , Bhargava Rohit
Published: September 2023

Recorded data and predicted images in workflow. A, An overview of the proposed approach, acquiring multidepth data from surgical resections and using DL frameworks to generate H&E-stained images from SRSM data from FF tissue (G1) and FFPE-equivalent images (G2). B, Concept diagram of the staining model (G1) that converts SRSM data to H&E images obtained from FF tissues (virtual FF). C, Concept diagram for the model (G2) to convert virtual staining images to FFPE-like images (virtual FFPE). D1, D2, and D3 are the discriminators. G3 is generating virtual FF samples given FFPE samples, which is part of the training algorithm.
Data from Accelerating Cancer Histopathology Workflows with Chemical Imaging and Machine Learning
Authors: Falahkheirkhah Kianoush , Mukherjee Sudipta S. , Gupta Sounak , Herrera-Hernandez Loren , McCarthy Michael R. , Jimenez Rafael E. , Cheville John C. , Bhargava Rohit
Published: September 2023

Histopathology has remained a cornerstone for biomedical tissue assessment for over a century, with a resource-intensive workflow involving biopsy or excision, gross examination, sampling, tissue processing to snap frozen or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks, sectioning, staining, optical imaging, and microscopic assessment. Emerging chemical imaging approaches, including stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, can directly measure inherent molecular composition in tissue (thereby dispensing with the need for tissue processing, sectioning, and using dyes) and can use artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to provide high-quality images. Here we show the integration of SRS microscopy in a pathology workflow to rapidly record chemical information from minimally processed fresh-frozen prostate tissue. Instead of using thin sections, we record data from intact thick tissues and use optical sectioning to generate images from multiple planes. We use a deep learning–based processing pipeline to generate virtual hematoxylin and eosin images. Next, we extend the computational method to generate archival-quality images in minutes, which are equivalent to those obtained from hours/days-long formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded processing. We assessed the quality of images from the perspective of enabling pathologists to make decisions, demonstrating that the virtual stained image quality was diagnostically useful and the interpathologist agreement on prostate cancer grade was not impacted. Finally, because this method does not wash away lipids and small molecules, we assessed the utility of lipid chemical composition in determining grade. Together, the combination of chemical imaging and AI provides novel capabilities for rapid assessments in pathology by reducing the complexity and burden of current workflows.
Significance:
Archival-quality (formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded), thin-section diagnostic images are obtained from thick-cut, fresh-frozen prostate tissues without dyes or stains to expedite cancer histopathology by combining SRS microscopy and machine learning.
The Effects of Novel Triazolopyrimidine Derivatives on H2S Production in Lung and Vascular Tonus in Aorta
Authors: Ozbek Emine Nur , Istanbullu Huseyin , Kızrak Umran , Alan Albayrak Elif , Sevin Gülnur , Yetik-Anacak Gunay
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), known as a third gasotransmitter, is a signaling molecule that plays a regulatory role in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Decreased H2S levels were reported in inflammatory respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary hypertension. H2S donors or drugs that increase H2S have emerged as novel treatments for inflammatory respiratory diseases. We previously showed that resveratrol (RVT) causes vascular relaxation and antioxidant effects by inducing H2S production. In the current study, we synthesized a new molecule Cpd2, as an RVT analog. We examined the effect of Cpd2 and its precursor chalcone compound (Cpd1) on H2S formation under both healthy and oxidative stress conditions in the lung, as well as vascular relaxation in the aorta. Methods: Cpd2 synthesized from Cpd1 with microwaved in basic conditions. H2S formation was measured by H2S biosensor in the mice lungs under both healthy and pyrogallol-induced oxidative stress conditions in the presence/absence of H2S synthesis inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA). The effect of compounds on vascular tonus is investigated in mice aorta by DMT myograph. Results: RVT and Cpd2 significantly increased l-cysteine (l-cys) induced-H2S formation in the lung homogenates of healthy mice, but Cpd1 did not. Superoxide anion generator pyrogallol caused a decrease in H2S levels in mice lungs and Cpd2 restored it. Inhibition of Cpd2-induced H2S formation by AOAA confirmed that Cpd2 increases endogenous H2S formation in both healthy and oxidative stress conditions. Furthermore, we found that both Cpd1 and Cpd2 (10−8–10−4 M) caused vascular relaxation in mice aorta. Discussion and Conclusion: We found that Cpd2, a newly synthesized RVT analog, is an H2S-inducing molecule and vasorelaxant similar to RVT. Since H2S has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, Cpd2 has a potential for the treatment of respiratory diseases where oxidative stress and decreased H2S levels are present.
Sex‐Specific Comparison Between Triglyceride Glucose Index and Modified Triglyceride Glucose Indices to Predict New‐Onset Hypertension in Middle‐Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Lee Joo Hyung , Heo Seok‐Jae , Kwon Yu‐Jin
Published: September 2023

Background

Triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index and TyG‐related indices combined with obesity‐related markers are considered important markers of insulin resistance. We aimed to examine the association between the TyG index and modified TyG indices with new‐onset hypertension and their predictive ability stratified by sex.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data from 5414 Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study participants aged 40 to 69 years. Multiple Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI for new‐onset hypertension according to sex‐specific tertile groups after confounder adjustments. To evaluate the predictive performance of these indices for new‐onset hypertension, we calculated Harrell's C‐index (95% CI). Over a 9.5‐year follow‐up period, 1014 men and 1012 women developed new‐onset hypertension. Compared with the lowest tertile (T) group, the adjusted HR and 95% CI for new‐onset hypertension in T3 for TyG, TyG‐body mass index, TyG‐waist circumference, and TyG‐waist‐to‐height ratio were 1.16 (0.95–1.40), 1.11 (0.84–1.48), 1.77 (1.38–2.27), and 1.68 (1.33–2.13) in men and 1.37 (1.13–1.66), 1.55 (1.16–2.06), 1.43 (1.15–1.79), and 1.64 (1.30–2.07) in women, respectively. The C‐indices of TyG‐waist‐to‐height ratio for new‐onset hypertension were significantly higher than those of TyG and TyG‐body mass index in both men and women.

Conclusions

TyG and TyG‐body mass index were significantly associated with new‐onset hypertension only in women. TyG‐waist circumference and TyG‐waist‐to‐height ratio were significantly associated with new‐onset hypertension in both men and women. A sex‐specific approach is required when using TyG and modified TyG indices to identify individuals at risk of incident hypertension.
Reinvigorating the Nineteenth Century Scientific Method: A Peirce-pective on Science
Authors: Pietarinen Ahti-Veikko , Beni Majid D.
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes to recover the topic of the philosophy of scientific method from its late nineteenth-century roots. The subject matter of scientific method sprouted from key inferential ingredients identified by Charles Peirce. In this paper, the historical path is traversed from the viewpoint of contemporary Cognitive Structural Realism (CSR). Peirce’s semiotic theory of methods and practices of scientific inquiry prefigured CSR’s reliance on embodied informational structures and experimentation upon forms of relations that model generic scientific domains. Three results are shown to follow from this convocation: (i) a naturalization of Peirce’s interconnected abductive, deductive and inductive stages of the logic of science, here characterized de novo in terms of CSR. (ii) a perspective to scientific modeling that incorporates processes of abstraction and generalization as originated from Peirce’s logic of science, and (iii) diagrammatic reasoning as a pivotal method in analyzing scientific reasoning in experimental practices.
Street theatre in the context of foreign concepts of carnival culture
Authors: Semenova Elena А.
Published: September 2023

Background. The relevance of the study is due to the growing popularity of research into political and protest potential of carnival culture in foreign studies. Objective. The aim is to test the hypothesis that foreign concepts of carnival culture indirectly influenced the fact that street theatre is interpreted not as art but rather as an attribute of carnivalized protest. Methods. The study uses a theoretical method of analysis, which makes it possible to compare the current data of interdisciplinary studies of the nature of laughter and the comic with the interpretations of the carnival in the author's theories and concepts as well as to identify the inaccuracies in the definitions of humor and serious-laughter phenomena. Sample. The results of the analysis of a sample of studies published from 2006 to 2022 in foreign periodicals and non-periodicals devoted to the protest, political potential of carnival culture is presented. Results. On the example of several cases, it is shown that when in the process of analyzing carnival phenomena, irony and satire are considered by researchers within the category of humor, carnival culture is equated to a carnivalized protest. Street theatre is one of the forms of a carnivalized protest. Conclusion. Non-use of the latest data in the field of the nature of laughter phenomena in the study of carnival phenomena by foreign researchers leads to the growth of scientific works in which protest, carnival and street theatre are equelled without evidence. The categorical delimitation of humor and such serious-laughter phenomena as irony and satire reveals the groundlessness of the definitions in which carnival phenomena and street theatre refer to forms of non-violent protest practice.
Affective evaluation of sounds by the students of creative professions
Authors: Bogoslovskaya (Vyskochil) Nina A.
Published: September 2023

Background. The present-day mass media and cinema specialists do not pay much attention to the environmental sounds for the effect of creation and putting the viewers and radio listeners into the appropriate emotional atmosphere during the film dubbing and cultural events scoring. Each acoustic event has a specific range and type of emotional impact on people, i.e. each separate sound has a different sort of influence on human beings and brings out specific emotions. Therefore, we come up with an idea that each acoustic event can be classified from the point of view of its emotional impact on human beings by the type and the kind of sentiment. Objective. The aim is to study and analyze the features of the affective evaluation of the environmental sounds by the students of the creative professions. Sample. The pilot study involved 69 students of the Russian Institute of Theatre Arts — GITIS (acting faculty, ballet master faculty and musical theater faculty), of which 26 (38%) were boys and 43 (62%) were girls. 710 verbal units have been encrypted. Methods. The study participants have recorded the environmental sounds that have brought out different kinds of basic emotions in themselves such as guilt, anger, interest, disgust, sadness, scorn, joy, fear, shame, surprise. The audio-record also included the participant’s comments concerning the date and time, sound source and the reasons for the emotions’ uprise. Later on the received data were transformed into text and processed with the procedures of inductive and frequency analysis. Results. The results of the frequency analysis revealed the groups of the environmental sounds bringing out the basic emotions from the point of view of the students of the creative professions. Guilt was brought out by the sounds expressing the complaints against you from other people; anger and scorn were evoked by the sounds made by the person who intentionally breaks the rules of social behavior; interest and sadness were aroused with the sounds of musical instruments, music and speech; disgust was brought out by the physiological sounds of other people, and shame was evoked by the sounds of one’s own physiological sounds; fear arose with sudden shrilling sounds; surprise was brought out by the sounds giving us a notice about some new piece of information. Conclusion. The results of the frequency analysis confirm that the environmental sounds can help in modeling different kinds of emotional impact.
Coriophagus chaudhuri sp. n. (Strepsiptera: Halictophagidae: Coriophaginae): a male strepsipteran from Jharkhand, India with a tentative phylogeny and world key to known males
Authors: HUI POULAMI , MUKHERJEE BINDARIKA , HAZRA NILADRI
Published: September 2023

A new species of the genus Coriophagus Kinzelbach is described from the state of Jharkhand, India raising two in number from India. The new species, Coriophagus chaudhuri differs from other members of the genus in wing venation with base of R3 touching the subapex of R4, and flattened, oval-shaped foretarsomere I. The DNA barcoding of the new species has also been attempted here. An attempt is made to hypothesise the possible phylogenetic relationship of the males of the genus. A world key to known males of the genus is provided.
Revision of the genus Fascaplysinopsis, the type species Fascaplysinopsis reticulata (Hentschel, 1912) (Porifera, Dictyoceratida, Thorectidae) and descriptions of two new genera and seven new species
Authors: EKINS MERRICK , ERPENBECK DIRK , DEBITUS CÉCILE , PETEK SYLVAIN , MAI TEPOERAU , WÖRHEIDE GERT , HOOPER JOHN N.A.
Published: September 2023

The present study examines the taxonomy of sponge specimens with unique chemistry collectively known as Fascaplysinopsis reticulata (Hentschel, 1912). Examination of Hentschel’s original species upon which the genus Fascaplysinopsis Bergquist, 1980 was based in conjunction with a comparison with recent Indo-west Pacific collections, using morphological and molecular analyses (ITS and 28S rDNA), revealed extensive variation. Fascaplysinopsis reticulata was found to be a species complex comprising the genus Fascaplysinopsis, as well as two new genera: Skolosachlys gen. nov. and Rubrafasciculus gen. nov. The new species of Fascaplysinopsis described are F. palauensis sp. nov., F. klobos sp. nov. and F. ronquinni sp. nov. The new species of Skolosachlys gen. nov. described herein are: S. enlutea sp. nov. and S. nidus sp. nov. The new species described of Rubrafasciculus gen. nov. includes: R. cerasus sp. nov. and R. fijiensis sp. nov..
Two new riparian Pselaphinae from Hubei, Central China (Coleoptera: taphylinidae)
Authors: YIN ZI-WEI , ZENG TING-KAI
Published: September 2023

The Pselaphinae fauna of Hubei Province in central China is extremely poorly documented. Here we describe two new species recently collected at a riverbank near Chongyang’s county seat. Batrisiella riparia sp. nov. is characterized by the greatly swollen metafemora of the male, and Nipponobythus varicornis sp. nov. has a darkish-colored body, and uniquely modified male antennal clubs and metaventrite. Illustrations of the habitus and taxonomically informative characters of both species are provided for a reliable identification.
Toevallige ontmoetingen
Authors: Hens Kristien
Published: September 2023

In dit rigoureuze en noodzakelijke boek brengt Kristien Hens bio-ethiek en filosofie van de biologie bij elkaar, met het argument dat het ethisch noodzakelijk is om in het wetenschappelijk onderzoek een plaatsje vrij te houden voor de filosofen. Hun rol is behalve ethisch ook conceptueel: zij kunnen de kwaliteit en de coherentie van het wetenschappelijk onderzoek verbeteren door erop toe te zien dat specifieke concepten op een consistente en doordachte manier worden gebruik binnen interdisciplinaire projecten. Hens argumenteert dat toeval en onzekerheid een centrale rol spelen in de bio-ethiek, maar dat die in een spanningsrelatie kunnen raken met de pogingen om bepaalde theorieën ingang te doen vinden als wetenschappelijke kennis: bij het beschrijven van organismen en praktijken creëren we op een bepaalde manier de wereld. Hens stelt dat dit noodzakelijk een ethische activiteit betreft.

Doorheen de verkenning van genetisch onderzoek, biomedische ethiek, autismeonderzoek en het concept ‘risico’ toont Hens aan dat er niet zoiets bestaat als ‘universeel’ of ‘neutraal’ wetenschappelijk of klinisch weten. Integendeel, uitgaan van de gesitueerdheid van individuele ervaringen is essentieel om de wereld rondom ons te begrijpen, om er de beperkingen van in te zien (en die van onszelf) en om een ethische toekomst vorm te geven.

Toevallige ontmoetingen is gericht op een breed publiek van geïnteresseerden in bio-ethiek, filosofie, antropologie en sociologie, en op onderzoekers in biomedische en milieuwetenschappen. Daarnaast is het ook relevant voor beleidsmakers. De artistieke bijdrage van Christina Stadlbauer en Bartaku zal inspirerend zijn voor kunstenaars en schrijvers die zich op het snijvlak bewegen van kunst en wetenschappen.
7. Een procesontologie voor de bio-ethiek
Authors: Hens Kristien
Published: September 2023

Ik ga verder op het pad van een ontwikkelingsgerichte kijk op het leven. Ik beargumenteer dat een dergelijke kijk impliceert dat bio-ethiek zich minder richt op wat we kunnen controleren, bijvoorbeeld wat we kunnen weten van onze genen, en meer op het omgaan met toeval en onzekerheden. Ik gebruik ideeën van Alfred North Whitehead en procesfilosofie om een representationele benadering van bio-ethiek ter discussie te stellen.
11. Ziekten, stoornissen, handicaps en normen
Authors: Hens Kristien
Published: September 2023

Ik keer terug naar een van de centrale uitgangspunten van de bio-ethiek, die van de biomedische ethiek. Ik beschrijf hoe er een rijke literatuur is over concepten van ziekte in de filosofie van de geneeskunde - begrijpen wat we bedoelen met gezondheid en ziekte beïnvloedt hoe we denken over de ethiek van de geneeskunde. Ik geef een inleiding in het denken over handicaps. Ik beschrijf een door en door biologische en normatieve manier van kijken naar pathologie en gezondheid, die van Georges Canguilhem. Ik geef het voorbeeld van het bio-ethische debat over menselijke verbetering.
16. Een creatieve en toekomstgerichte bio-ethiek
Authors: Hens Kristien
Published: September 2023

Ik heb betoogd dat de bio-ethiek zich moet richten op een leefbare toekomst voor iedereen, mens en niet-mens. In dit hoofdstuk beargumenteer ik dat hoe zo'n toekomst te bereiken niet zozeer een puzzel is die opgelost moet worden als wel een oefening in creativiteit en speelsheid. Tegelijkertijd betekent ‘bij de problemen blijven’ ook denken aan onszelf als problemen en de problemen die we maken. Het betekent ons bewust zijn van de wereldcreatie van mensen en andere wezens.
18. Ontwikkeling: Autismeonderzoek
Authors: Hens Kristien
Published: September 2023

Ik beschrijf hoe een werkelijk ontwikkelingsgerichte benadering van het bestuderen van autisme, waarbij de ervaringen van autisten in de loop van de tijd worden meegenomen, kan leiden tot beter en ethischer autismeonderzoek. Tegelijkertijd erken ik dat dit een grondige hervorming zou betekenen van de manier waarop onderzoek wordt gefinancierd.
Visions of Hungarian Artificial Intelligence Specialists About the Future of Work and Their Roles
Authors: Horváth Ágnes , Vicsek Lilla
Published: September 2023

In an international context where social effects and ethics related to artificial intelligence (AI) are receiving more attention, there is a dearth of research about how AI specialists perceive the future of work and their role in bringing about the respective future. Does the fact that ethics and social issues are receiving more publicity impact AI specialists’ views? The current study advances knowledge about this issue by describing a deep qualitative investigation of the visions of AI developers and researchers in Hungary, a country on the semi-periphery concerning the development of these technologies. In recent years, social and ethical challenges linked to AI have been covered in the Hungarian media as well, although they are less of a hot topic than in some Western countries. The twenty AI specialist interviewees’ accounts were characterised by their perception of the current period as one of hype, expectations of a slow and limited amount of technological change, techno-optimism, as well as a distancing of responsibility. Notably, the change in the media climate does not appear to have affected their thinking: social consequences and ethical issues associated with technology were neglected in their accounts. Potential drivers of their views and the potential effects of the country context are discussed, as well as the consequences of the experts’ expectations and implications for AI research and development.