bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The classification of armed conflicts between occupying states and non-state armed groups in cases of belligerent occupation
Authors: Zamir Noam
Published: June 2018

The topic of classification of armed conflicts between non-state groups and occupying states in cases of belligerent occupation has not received enough scholarly attention despite its possible practical importance and the fact that this issue still requires further normative clarification. This paper seeks to fill this gap. The paper focuses on the different possible ways that such armed conflicts can be classified. Among other things, the paper analyses Article 1(4) of Additional Protocol I (API) and examines its customary status. The paper also analyses how to determine which armed groups should be regarded as acting on behalf of the occupied people and suggests a novel way to interpret the ‘belonging’ requirement of Article 4A(2) of the Third Geneva Convention. Finally, the paper provides an in-depth analysis of the argument that non-state armed groups, in the context of belligerent occupation, should be considered parties to an international armed conflict even when the occupying state is not a party to API and/or refuses to acknowledge the non-state group as a party to an international armed conflict.
Bias adjustment for threshold-based climate indicators
Authors: Hoffmann Peter , Menz Christoph , Spekat Arne
Published: June 2018

Abstract. A method is presented which applies bias adjustments to climate indicators
that are based on fixed thresholds, e.g., the number of hot days with the
maximum temperature exceeding 30 ∘C or the number of days with
heavy precipitation in exceedance of 20 mm rainfall. The bias adjustment
first identifies the percentile of the required threshold value in reference
climate data. Then it computes the value of this percentile for the
individual historical climate model simulations – here an ensembles of
EURO-CORDEX model runs, including dynamical and statistical models. Finally,
the climate indicator is re-calculated for each model. The method is applied
to climate projections as well, giving further insight into the projected
development of the ensemble for extreme conditions. It is assessed that
communication to the public and decision makers is improved by expressing
these changes in extremes based on absolute values.
Difference between the North Atlantic and Pacific meridional overturning circulation in response to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Su Baohuang , Jiang Dabang , Zhang Ran , Sepulchre Pierre , Ramstein Gilles
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The role of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in maintaining the
large-scale overturning circulation in the Atlantic and Pacific is
investigated using a coupled atmosphere–ocean model. For the present day
with a realistic topography, model simulation shows a strong Atlantic
meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) but a near absence of the Pacific
meridional overturning circulation (PMOC), which are in good agreement with
the present observations. In contrast, the simulation without the TP depicts
a collapsed AMOC and a strong PMOC that dominates deep-water formation. The
switch in deep-water formation between the two basins results from changes in
the large-scale atmospheric circulation and atmosphere–ocean feedback over
the Atlantic and Pacific. The intensified westerly winds and increased
freshwater flux over the North Atlantic cause an initial slowdown of the
AMOC, while the weakened East Asian monsoon circulation and associated
decreased freshwater flux over the North Pacific give rise to the initial
intensification of the PMOC. The further decreased heat flux and the
associated increase in sea-ice fraction promote the final AMOC collapse over
the Atlantic, while the further increased heat flux leads to the final PMOC
establishment over the Pacific. Although the simulations were performed in a cold
world, it still importantly implicates that the uplift of the TP alone could
have been a potential driver for the reorganization of PMOC–AMOC between the
late Eocene and early Oligocene.
Spatially distributed water-balance and meteorological data from the rain-snow transition, southern Sierra Nevada, California
Authors: Bales Roger , Stacy Erin , Safeeq Mohammad , Meng Xiande , Meadows Matthew , Oroza Carlos , Conklin Martha , Glaser Steven , Wagenbrenner Joseph
Published: June 2018

Abstract. We strategically placed spatially distributed sensors to provide representative measures of changes in snowpack and subsurface water storage, plus the fluxes affecting these stores, in a set of nested headwater catchments. We present eight years of hourly snow-depth, soil-moisture and soil-temperature data, and 14 years of quarter-hourly streamflow and meteorological data that detail water-balance processes at the rain-snow transition at Providence Creek in the southern Sierra Nevada, California. Providence Creek is the co-operated long-term study run by the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory and the U.S.D.A. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station's Kings River Experimental Watersheds. The 4-km2 montane Providence Creek catchment spans the current rain-snow transition elevation of 1500–2100 m. Two meteorological stations bracket the high and low elevations of the catchment, measuring air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and snow depth, and at the higher station, snow water equivalent. Paired flumes at three subcatchments and a V-notch weir at the integrating catchment measure quarter-hourly streamflow. Measurements of meteorological and streamflow data began in 2002. Between 2008 and 2010, 50 sensor nodes were added to measure distributed snow depth, air temperature, soil temperature and soil moisture down to a depth of 1 m below the surface. These sensor nodes were installed to capture the lateral differences of aspect and canopy coverage. Data are available at hourly and daily intervals by water year (October 1–September 30) in non-proprietary formats from online data repositories (https://doi.org/10.6071/Z7WC73 and https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2017-0037).
Exploring coral reef responses to millennial-scale climatic forcings: insights from the 1-D numerical tool pyReef-Core v1.0
Authors: Salles Tristan , Pall Jodie , Webster Jody M. , Dechnik Belinda
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Assemblages of corals characterise specific reef biozones and
the environmental conditions that change spatially across a reef and with
depth. Drill cores through fossil reefs record the time and depth
distribution of assemblages, which captures a partial history of the vertical
growth response of reefs to changing palaeoenvironmental conditions. The
effects of environmental factors on reef growth are well understood on
ecological timescales but are poorly constrained at centennial to geological
timescales. pyReef-Core is a stratigraphic forward model designed
to solve the problem of unobservable environmental processes controlling
vertical reef development by simulating the physical, biological and
sedimentological processes that determine vertical assemblage changes in
drill cores. It models the stratigraphic development of coral reefs at
centennial to millennial timescales under environmental forcing conditions
including accommodation (relative sea-level upward growth), oceanic
variability (flow speed, nutrients, pH and temperature), sediment input and
tectonics. It also simulates competitive coral assemblage interactions using
the generalised Lotka–Volterra system of equations (GLVEs) and can be used
to infer the influence of environmental conditions on the zonation and
vertical accretion and stratigraphic succession of coral assemblages over
decadal timescales and greater. The tool can quantitatively test carbonate
platform development under the influence of ecological and environmental
processes and efficiently interpret vertical growth and karstification
patterns observed in drill cores. We provide two realistic case studies
illustrating the basic capabilities of the model and use it to reconstruct
(1) the Holocene history (from 8500 years to present) of coral community
responses to environmental changes and (2) the evolution of an idealised
coral reef core since the last interglacial (from 140 000 years to present)
under the influence of sea-level change, subsidence and karstification. We
find that the model reproduces the details of the formation of existing coral
reef stratigraphic sequences both in terms of assemblages succession,
accretion rates and depositional thicknesses. It can be applied to estimate
the impact of changing environmental conditions on growth rates and patterns
under many different settings and initial conditions.
GÊNERO E A INVISIBILIDADE DA MULHER NOS LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE GEOGRAFIA DO ENSINO MÉDIO NO SUL DE SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Waschinewski Susane da Costa , Rabelo Giani , Alves Ismael Gonçalves
Published: June 2018

Esta pesquisa procura contribuir com os estudos que articulam a temática educação, gênero e ensino de Geografia, com a finalidade de compreender o papel do livro didático na construção da desigualdade de gênero. O estudo trata das representações imagéticas da mulher disseminadas nos livros didáticos de Geografia do Ensino Médio. Para esta pesquisa escolhemos como objeto de estudo o livro didático de Geografia intitulado Conexões (vol. 1, 2 e 3) da Editora Moderna, que tem como autoras/es: Lygia Terra, Regina Araújo e Raul Borges Guimarães, distribuído no ano de 2010 nas escolas da rede pública estadual da cidade de Criciúma (SC/Brasil). As imagens analisadas reforçam a divisão sexual do trabalho, no qual as mulheres aparecem executando tarefas repetitivas, que exigem paciência e habilidades manuais, consideradas tradicionalmente tarefas femininas.
DISSIDÊNCIAS EPISTEMOLÓGICAS À BRASILEIRA: UMA CARTOGRAFIA DAS TEORIZAÇÕES QUEER NA PESQUISA EM EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Couto Junior Dilton Ribeiro , Pocahy Fernando Altair
Published: June 2018

A proposta deste trabalho é mapear os usos e impactos dos efeitos epistemológicos das contribuições queer na produção de conhecimento em educação no Brasil. Para isso, buscamos traçar um plano (provisório) que possa indicar algo da complexa trama por onde essas experimentações epistemológicas enredam-se no contexto da produção acadêmica do campo de estudos de gênero e sexualidade, autoproclamadas e/ou interpeladas dissidentes. Com isso, interessa-nos aqui promover interlocuções-cartográficas a partir de nossas vivências enquanto sujeitos latino-americanos – vivências marcadas pelo entrecruzamento de diversos marcadores sociais de identidade e diferença que nos constituem e nos impulsionam a (re)pensar nossas experiências cotidianas.
Multigenerational Transmission Process in Tennessee Williams’s Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
Authors: Alzoubi Najah A. F.
Published: June 2018

This paper explores the concept of multigenerational emotional process in Tennessee Williams’s Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. This concept is derived from the psychiatrist Murray Bowen’s theory that is called Bowen family systems theory and it includes eight interlocking concepts: differentiation of self, triangles, nuclear family emotional system, family projection process, sibling position, multigenerational emotional process, emotional cutoff, and societal emotional process. The concept of multigenerational emotional process expands the emotional system from the circle of the nuclear family to a larger circle of grandparents and extended family. Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is the distinctly multigenerational play in Williams’s drama. Cat on a Hot Tin Roof signifies two noticeable generations representing the transmission of the Southern heritage intergenerationally on both emotional and cultural levels.
Effect of Focused Observation on Preservice Music Teachers’ Mention of Students
Authors: Killian Janice N. , Liu Jing
Published: June 2018

Using Fuller and Bown’s (1975) teacher concerns model as a framework, we examined precursor strategies to Fuller and Bown’s Stage 3 (concern with student impact). We examined preservice music teachers’ focus on teaching videos to determine (a) if participants focused on teacher or student, (b) if prompts to notice students resulted in more comments about students, (c) if focus on students maintained without instructions, and (d) if results differed based on prior teaching experience with school-aged students. Preservice music teachers (N = 114) viewed videos of music classes/rehearsals, specifying “what you notice” (control, n = 54) or “what did the students do” (focused observation, n = 60). As a posttest transfer, participants viewed the pretest video again without instructions. There were significant posttest differences, indicating the extent to which instructions influenced participant focus and the effects of small amounts of teaching experience. Specifically, results showed that the inexperienced teachers with guided instructions responded more like experienced ones. Implications for teacher preparation were discussed.
Educational challenges in teaching nursing ethics: Perspectives of educators in Japan
Authors: Tsuruwaka Mari
Published: June 2018

Background: While nursing ethics is becoming accepted as an independent subject in Japanese universities, there are many issues concerning the education. The purpose of this study was to anew investigate nursing ethics programs in university, to reveal the difficulties that nursing ethics educators in Japanese nursing bachelor’s degree programs faced and educational challenges, and to examine the best form of nursing ethics education.Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey to nursing ethics educators in 235 nursing bachelor’s degree programs in Japan was conducted. The questionnaire mainly asked about an overview of nursing ethics programs, the difficulties educators experienced and educational challenges, and the association of ethics education with nursing practice.Results: The return rate of the questionnaire was 29.7%. Methods of group discussion based on case studies were common, and patients’ rights and analytical approaches to ethical issues were common topics. Many of the subjects faced difficulties in nursing ethics education: curriculum, students’ circumstances, students’ readiness and abilities, the characteristics of ethical problems, and educators’ abilities. The educators suggested that students should continue to learn nursing ethics over a few school years according to a curriculum built in a step-by-step, systematic manner.Conclusions: This survey indicated that discussions regarding what educational goals in what school year should be offered to students were needed at each university. Cooperation between educators and practical training instructors on the contents of education, and a clear definition of expertise necessary for teaching nursing ethics were challenges to be accomplished as well.
Relational Language Improves Preschool Children’s Performance of Analogical Reasoning
Authors: Du Chenguang , Miyazaki Yasuo , Cook Michael , Papadopoulos Joanna , Hao Yuan
Published: June 2018

The current study explored how relational language influenced the analogical reasoning among preschool children in China. Children (aged 4.5 and 5.5) in Experiment 1 were asked to complete a cross-mapped task where the object match competed with the relational match. The ANOVA results showed that the performance of both 4.5-year-olds and 4.5-year-olds were significantly improved after they heard Relational Language, F (1, 68) =44.821，p<0.05, η2=0.40. In Experiment 2, different distractors were added to the cross-mapped task and the 5.5-year-olds were replaced by 3.5 year-olds. The results demonstrated that the facilitating effect of Relational Language still existed among the youngest children and the performance of 4.5-year-olds was better than the 3.5-year-olds, F(1, 68)=6.76, p<0.05, η2=0.09. Furthermore, both age groups performed the worst under the distractor condition, indicating that the distractors made analogical reasoning more difficult, especially for the youngest children. Taken together, the current findings suggested that the facilitating effects of relational language in relational reasoning could also be observed in a broader sample.
Environmental and Genetic Variation in Essential Mineral Nutrients and Nutritional Value Among Brassica Vegetables
Authors: Kim Moo Jung , Simpson Tyler J. , Chiu Yu-Chun , Becker Talon M. , Juvik John A. , Ku Kang-Mo
Published: June 2018

Dietary minerals play an important role in human nutrition and proper metabolism. We grew various Brassica crops under field conditions in 2012 and 2013 and analyzed 8 essential minerals from edible tissues of those crops. Among the investigated crops, pak choi (Brassica rapa), mustard greens (B. juncea; B. nigra), and komatsuna (B. rapa) were generally high in most minerals, according to dry weight-based concentrations. The percentage recommended daily intake (RDA) or adequate intake (AI) values, calculated using fresh weight-based concentrations, suggest that Brassica vegetables are a good source of iron, calcium, and manganese, providing > 20% of %RDA/AI depending on crop. Kale (B. oleracea; B. napus) was generally higher in %RDA/AI, in particular for calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn). From the 2-year study, days to harvest, growing degree days, total solar radiation, and total precipitation and evaporation were found to affect the concentration of Ca, P, Ma, and Me. The results of this study provide a direct comparison of the mineral composition of various Brassica crops grown under the same conditions and will help consumers’ food choice for better nutritional value.
Morphometric Relationships as Indicative of Silvicultural Interventions for Brazilian Pine in Southern Brazil
Authors: Hess André Felipe , Loiola Táscilla Magalhães , Minatti Myrcia , Rosa Gabriel Teixeira da , Souza Isadora De Arruda , Costa Emanuel Arnoni , Schorr Luis Paulo Baldissera , Borsoi Geedre Adriano , Stepka Thiago Floriani
Published: June 2018

Silvicultural interventions are necessary to control the competition and to maintain the forest structure. Thus, this work aimed to know the interactions between dendro/morphometric variables to indicate density interventions in Brazilian pine Forest. Dendrometric and morphometric variables were measured from 186 individual trees of this species, which were distributed in diametric classes at three sites. With the variables were fitted models for the relationships between the degree of slenderness and the potential crown diameter as a function of the number of trees per hectare. The fit indicated that the variables showed interaction and the relationship can be described by linear function explaining between 51.9 and 99.3% of the variance between morphometry and forest density. This adjustment and information can be used to indicate the optimum density according to the amplitude of each index. The results show that the morphometric indexes and their interaction indicate the period of the interventions, having relation with the characteristics of the site, the diametric structure and the dynamics of the forest growth.
Compaction and Physical Attributes of the Soil After the Development of Cover Plants
Authors: Gomes Romário Pimenta , Bergamin Anderson Cristian , Silva Laércio Santos , Campos Milton César Costa , Filla Vínicius Augusto , Nascimento Mailson Ferreira , Souza Edicarlos Damacena de , Cunha Jose Mauricio da , Oliveira Reginaldo de , Oliveira Ivanildo Amorim de
Published: June 2018

Compaction problems in heavily tilled soils have been commonly mitigated with the use of cover plants. Aiming to evaluate the effects of compaction on the physical properties of a plyntic Haplic-Alitic Cambisol soil after development of different cover crops, a complete randomized blocks design experiment, with 3 × 3 factorial arrangement and four replications, was conducted. Treatments consisted of cultivation of two legume species, crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea L.) and stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande (Estilosantes capitata + Estilosantes macrocephala) and a grass species, brachiaria (Urochloa brizhantha cv. Marandu), subjected to soil compaction: CM–Conventional soil management (tillage) without additional compaction; CMc4 and CMc8–conventional soil management with additional compaction using a 6 Mg tractor in four and eight wheel passes. Conventional management with additional compaction does not affect significantly the physical attributes at a soil depth of 0.10-0.20 m, and only the soil moisture does not differ according to the soil management, irrespective of the depth and kind of cover plant. Traffic levels in four passes result in an increased soil bulk density and macroporosity in the 0.0-0.05 m, and in soil resistance to penetration and total porosity in the layer up to 0.10 m. Cover crops are important in maintaining soil physical quality to reduce the negative effects of compacting forces, especially to stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande that provided greater soil protection in systems with or without addition of compaction, conditioning the lowest values of bulk density and soil resistance to penetration.
Sublethal Effects of Atropa belladonna Herbal Extract on Biological Performance of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Alsendi Ayad , Havasi Mohammadreza , Bozhgani Niloufar Sangak Sani
Published: June 2018

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most important pests of agricultural products. Using chemical pesticides is one of the main methods for its management. Due to undesirable effects of synthetic pesticides, this research was conducted to achieve alternative safe compounds. In this study sublethal effect of Atropa belladonna herbal extract including LC10, LC20, LC30 and distilled water were evaluated on biological parameters (such as r, λ, GRR, R0 and T) of T. urticae. The experiments were done under laboratory condition at 25±2 °C, 60±5% RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) hours. The crude data were analyzed based on age-stage, two-sex life table analysis. The results indicated significant reduction in female’s duration of maturation, oviposition period and total fecundity by increasing examined dose. The highest and lowest values of the net reproductive rate (R0) were obtained 38.41 and 18.08 offspring/individual in control and LC30, respectively. The maximum values of intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.2201 day-1that occurred on control treatment while the minimum values was obtained 0.1937 day-1 in LC30 concentration. Finite rate of increase (λ) had significantly descended with concentration enhancing from LC20 to LC30, compared with the control. The results demonstrated that Atropa belladonna herbal extract could be incorporated in integrated pest management (IPM) programs of T. urticae.
Macronutrients Use Efficiency and Phosphorus Exportation by Melon Plants in Response to Fertilization
Authors: Pinheiro José Israel , Artur Adriana Guirado , Taniguchi Carlos Alberto Kenji , Souza Jaciane Rosa Maria de , Natale William , Santos Ricardo Miranda dos , Araújo Esraelda Amaral de , Martins Thais Da Silva
Published: June 2018

This study aimed to evaluate macronutrients use efficiency and phosphorus accumulation, partition and partial balance in the melon hybrid Goldex F1, in response to mineral and organic fertilizers. The following fertilizations were evaluated: mineral fertilizer; bovine manure; bovine manure associated with mineral fertilizer; poultry litter; and poultry litter associated with mineral fertilizer. Plants were collected and separated into leaves, stem, and flowers and, when there were, unripe and ripe fruits for chemical analysis. Phosphorus accumulation increased along the melon crop cycle. Phosphorus partition between leaves + stems + flowers and unripe fruits + ripe fruits showed that about 80% of P was allocated to the fruits. The decreasing order of use by the plant was S > P > Mg > Ca > N > K. Only the treatment with poultry litter was within the range considered as adequate for P recovery. Mineral and organic fertilizers did not interfere with nutrient accumulation and P partition by the melon plants.
Phosphorus and Zinc Extractable and Total in Substrate Enriched Coconut Powder and Tomato Cultivation
Authors: Dos Anjos David Correia , Maia Neto Antonio Alves , Dias Gabrielen De Maria Gomes , Hernandez Fernando Felipe Ferreyra , Tirado-Corbala Rebecca
Published: June 2018

Phosphorus (P) and Zinc (Zn) stand out for their interactions, however, little is known about the interaction of these elements in organic substrates used in the development of plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the extractable and total P and Zn of the enriched coconut powder substrate and the development of tomato seedlings grown on the same substrate. The work consisted of 10 treatments and 4 replicates with different doses of P and Zn. The substrate used was coconut powder enriched with nutrient solutions in a ratio of 10:1 (v/m). Then, the experiment was conducted using the enriched substrate to observe the effect of P and Zn doses on the development of tomato seedlings in trays. The height, number of leaves and the dry matter of the plants were evaluated. For the water and Mehlich-1 extractors the highest values of P and Zn were for treatments with the highest doses and only the quadratic positive effect of P did not differ statistically in the enriched coconut powder substrate. The results showed that the coconut powder used as substrate is deficient in P and Zn. The highest development of the seedlings was obtained at the doses of 74 mg L-1 P and 3.25 and 4.75 mg L-1 Zn of the substrate enrichment solution.
Efficacy of Irradiated Glyphosate Against Brachiaria plantaginea L.
Authors: Machi Andre R. , Ferrari Luiz S. , Arthur Valter
Published: June 2018

Glyphosate irradiated with cobalt-60 type Gammacell 220 at different rates was sprayed on seedlings of Brachiaria plantaginea L., a common weed, grown in pots (one seedling with 3-4 leaves in each pot), at different concentrations equivalent to 1 L h-1 or 3 L h-1. Each sample containing 40 ml of the product (glyphosate) taken to a source of Cobalt-60 type Gammacell 220, under a dose rate of 0.312 kGy/hour in doses of: T0, control (water instead of glyphosate); T1, glyphosate at 1.0 L h-1; T2, glyphosate at 3.0 L h-1; T3, glyphosate irradiated at 250 Gy at 1.0 L h-1; T4, glyphosate irradiated at 500 Gy at 1.0 L h-1; T5, glyphosate irradiated at 750 Gy at 1.0 L h-1; and T6, glyphosate irradiated at 1000 Gy at 1.0 L h-1. The effects were assessed in terms of the extent of injury, where scale of 0% (no visible injury) to 100% (plant dead), number of tillers, weed survival and dry biomass produced by the plants. The most effective treatment was glyphosate irradiated at 250 Gy h-1 and applied at 1.0 L h-1. It is important to know that gamma radiation in glyphosate herbicide can be used without antagonistic interactions without cause resistance.
Anthropic Processes and Land-Use Change During 33 Years in Roraima, Northern Amazonia
Authors: Urquiza Marcelle A. , Melo Valdinar F. , Francelino Márcio R. , Schaefer Carlos E. G. R. , Souza Eliana De , Barbosa Reinaldo I. , Santiago Marcelo M. , Araújo Thiago H. de C. , Maia Soniclay Da S.
Published: June 2018

The Amazon region has experienced a rapid rate of deforestation and land use change as a result of establishment of agricultural settlements, resulting from public policies designed to promote rural development. We analyzed land use patterns and changes in the central region of Roraima, northern Brazil, testing the hypothesis that the anthropic pressure based on the conversion of natural vegetation (forest ecotone zone and open areas of savanna and campinaranas) on agriculture and pasture, has led to the decline of forest resilience, and has not promoted development in lands converted in agricultural colonization projects, a process exacerbated by practices of burning. Satellite images from between 1984 to 2017, with field-collected data and geoprocessing techniques, allowed interpretation and analysis of seven land-use classes. Agriculturally-based human impacts were greatest in forest areas, with forest loss rates being 6.4 times greater than regeneration rates. The 39.3% reduction in natural non-forest vegetation types exceeded that of forest loss (23.8%). Repeated fires resulted in a 627.1% increase in forest fragmentation in areas heavily impacted by fire. Our study revealed that, over 33 years, deforestation and transitions of land to non-conservation uses did not lead to a system with highly productive agricultural practices, but to extensive impoverished, and degraded subsistence. The main reason was the basic unsuitability of the region´s extremely acidic/dystrophic soils on which settlements have been founded, and the predominance of low-tech, family-based, agriculture and the absence of the required technology for attaining better results.
Plant Growth, Antioxidative Enzymes, Lipid Peroxidation and Organic Solute Contents in Mulungu Seedlings (Erythrina velutina) Under Different Field Capacities
Authors: Martins Kaio , De Brito Paulo Ovídio Batista , De Arruda Julyanne Fonteles , Nunes Júnior Francisco Holanda , Pontes Filho Roberto Albuquerque , Gondim Franklin Aragão
Published: June 2018

Erythrina velutina (mulungu) is an endemic species of caatinga found in Northeast Brazil. As a result of its rapid plant growth, the species may be an alternative for the recovery of degraded areas. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the effects of irrigation with different field capacilities (FC): 20, 50 and 80% on plant growth, antioxidative enzyme activities, membrane lipid peroxidation and organic solute contents in mulungu seedlings under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was carried out at Instituto Federal Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE)-Campus Maracanaú, Ceará, Brazil. Under the presented experimental conditions, E. velutina plants showed higher growth variables (dry matter yield and leaf area) when submitted to daily irrigation of 50% of FC. Irrigation at 20% of FC caused a small water deficit. However, 80% of FC watering may have resulted in an excess of water. In general, despite the reduction in plant growth in plants irrigated at 20% of FC, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes did not differ substantially between treatments. In general, the lowest organic solute contents were detected in irrigations at 20 or 80% of FC.
Performance of Hybrid Chickens as Influenced by Phytogenic Extracted Meal-Supplemented Diet as Antibiotic Alternatives During Summer
Authors: El-Maaty Hayam M. A. Abo , El-Khateeb A. Y. , El-Khateeb A. Y. , El-Naggar Asmaa Sh. , El-Naggar Asmaa Sh. , Sherif Sara Kh. , Sherif Sara Kh. , El-Said E. A. , El-Said E. A.
Published: June 2018

The performance of hybrid chickens fed plant–protein diets was compared to those fed diets supplemented with Ziziphus, Jatropha, white berry, black berry and pomegranate leaves extracted meal at level of (0.5 g/kg) or Vit. E. Two hundred and forty, 2 weeks-old unsexed Arbor acres chicks were used. A total number of 30 chicks were allocated for each treatment, divided into 3 replicates (10 birds/each) and housed in broiler cages. The chicks were fed the experimental grower diets from 2 to 6 weeks of age during summer season. All chicks were managed in similar fashion and had free access to feed and water throughout grower period. Measurements include were growth performance, carcass quality, digestibility and some plasma constituents.Results obtained showed that: growth performance criteria were positively (P ≤ 0.05) affected by dietary supplementation with Ziziphus, Jatropha, white berry, black berry and pomegranate leaves extracted meal in the diet during the whole growing period. Digestible coefficients of CP, EE, NFE and ash retention were increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) by dietary additions. Broilers fed the herb leaves extract-supplemented diet had significantly higher HDL, SOD, urea, ALT and creatinine levels than positive or negative control. This indicates better liver function as also appears from the normal architecture with a normal size central vein (CV) and several homogenous masses of liver cords with normal hepatocytes (h) and few fatty cirrhotic areas (f). It can be concluded that phytogenic extracted meals have a beneficial effect on growth performance and liver histology especially in summer season.
Initial Growth of Amburana cearensis in Decomposed Buriti Stem Substrate and Nitrogen Doses
Authors: Oliveira Augusto Matias de , Fonseca Wéverson Lima , Sousa Tiago De Oliveira , Teixeira Hingrid Raiany Santos , Almeida Fernandes Antonio de , Zuffo Alan Mario , Oliveira Neto Norberto Matias de , Guerra Leandro De Oliveira , Santos Râmison Fonseca dos , Santos Adaniel Sousa dos
Published: June 2018

One of the difficulties of producing native species seedlings is slow growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial development of Amburana cearensis (Allem.) A. C. Smith in relation to the concentration decomposed buriti stem substratum and nitrogen doses. A completely randomized design was used in a factorial arrangement of 3 × 5 (proportions of decomposed buriti stem × nitrogen doses), with six replicates. The treatments were formulated substrates comprised of decomposed buriti stem manually mixed with soil (Dystrophic Yellow Latosol) in three proportions (0, 25 and 50%) and five nitrogen doses (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg dm-3) applied in treatments. There was no significant interaction between the DRM and ND factors. However, there was an isolated effect for the following variables: Plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), leaf number (LN), leaf area (LA), dry mass of the aerial part (DMA) and root length (RL). The best concentrations of the substrate for the variables PH, LA and DMA were 25% and 50%, whereas for SD, LN and RL, the best result was 50%. ND and other variables had good responses under recommended doses ranging from a minimum of 264.82 mg dm-3, observed in DMA, and a maximum of 400 mg dm-3, observed in RL. Both factors positively the quality of umburana seedlings.
Optimizing Irrigation Depth Using a Plant Growth Model and Weather Forecast
Authors: Abd El Baki Hassan M. , Fujimaki Haruyuki , Tokumoto Ieyasu , Saito Tadaomi
Published: June 2018

Numerical models of crop response to irrigation and weather forecasts with internet access should be fully utilized in modern irrigation management. In this respect, we developed a new numerical scheme to optimize irrigation depth that maximizes net income. Net income was calculated as a function of cumulative transpiration over irrigation interval which depends on irrigation depth. To evaluate this scheme, we carried out a field experiment for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in a sandy field of the Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Japan. Two treatments were established to compare the net income of the proposed scheme with that of an automated irrigation system. Results showed that although the proposed scheme gave a larger amount of seasonal irrigation water 28%, it achieved 2.18 times of net income owing to 51% higher yield compared to results of the automated irrigation system. This suggests that the proposed scheme would be more economical tool than automated irrigation systems to optimize irrigation depths.
Early Seedling Growth as a Tool to Assess the Tolerance of Urochloa brizantha Cultivars to Free Aluminium
Authors: Tome Yamamoto Cláudia Jaqueline , Gasparim Mariana Bassanezi , Machado-Neto Nelson Barbosa , Custodio Ceci Castilho
Published: June 2018

In this study we aimed to evaluate changes in germination, early seedling growth, and some biochemical parameters in Urochloa brizantha cultivars (Basilisk, Marandu, MG4, MG5, BRS Piatã, and Xaraés) subjected to five levels of free aluminium toxicity (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mmolc dm³ Al³+), and to verify the selection efficiency of aluminium tolerant cultivars. In the germination assay, lots were submitted to germination under simulated stress conditions in the laboratory, to quantify root protrusion, number of normal seedlings, shoot and root length, and dry mass. In the early seedling growth assay, evaluations were done on the seventh day after subjecting seedlings to aluminium stress conditions. Relative growth rate of length, and dry mass of shoots and roots, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), and concentrations of proline, total antioxidants (TEAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated. During the seedling study period, up to 14 days after sowing, the most tolerant cultivar maintained root growth in aluminium stress conditions, while the most susceptible cultivar reduced root growth, and developed proportionally more shoots, as shoot growth depends on seed reserves. The germination assay indicated interference of the initial seed quality with increasing Al3+ concentrations. The results indicate that the early seedling growth assay, which excluded germination effects, and used the measurement of root attributes, is appropriate for the discrimination of Al3+ tolerant genotypes. The Marandu cultivar was the most similar to the Al3+ tolerance standard Basilisk cultivar.
Biological Fertilization as an Attenuation of Salinity Water on Beetroot (Beta vulgaris)
Authors: De Sousa Ednardo Gabriel , Da Silva Toshik Iarley , Dias Thiago Jardelino , Ribeiro Danrley Varela , Gonçalves Neto Álvaro Carlos , De Sousa Leonardo Vieira , Gonçalves Anderson Carlos de Melo , De Moura Joana Gomes , De Melo Filho José Sebastião
Published: June 2018

Salinity is one of the major obstacles of modern agriculture, especially in the semi-arid regions, since these have high rates of evaporation and water sources with high salt terrors. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the attenuating effects of bovine biofertilizer and biological fertilizer under irrigation with saline waters on the morphological behavior of beetroots (Beta vulgaris L.). The design was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme 4 × 2 + 1, referring to the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (ECw: 0.5, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 dS m-1) and application of bovine biofertilizer in the absence (BIO I), and presence of Microgeo® (BIO II) and a control (without fertilization and ECw 0.5 dS m-1). No effects of the factors evaluated on the gas exchange of beetroots were observed. However, the increase of ECw has negative effects on phytomass and growth of this crop, as the application of bio fertilizer favors some soil chemical characteristics.
The Application of Molecular Markers to Accelerate the Recovery of Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Male Sterility in South African Onion (Allium cepa L.) Hybrid Parental Lines
Authors: Gazendam Inge , Greyling Maria M. , Laurie Sunette M.
Published: June 2018

Male sterility is important to prevent self-pollination and loss of the onion hybrid genotype. Classic methods require 4-8 years of progeny testing before the cytoplasm type can be determined. An accurate and time-saving method was needed. Various types of markers were tested for application to South African onion parental lines of hybrid cultivars, and which could determine male sterility and maintainer genotypes accurately and easily with large numbers of samples. Five cytoplasmic (5’cob, orfA501, orf725, IGS and cob-type 2) and four nuclear markers (jnurf13, isotig34671_610, isotig30856_1351 and isotig29186_1830) were sourced. Genomic DNA was isolated from onion seedlings and young leaves growing from bulbs in the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) research field. PCR marker amplification products were separated by agarose or denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) gels. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed with custom TaqMan® SNP genotyping assays containing primer/probe pairs designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to the nuclear Ms locus. OrfA501 proved useful as a presence/absence marker for cytoplasmic male sterility, while TaqMan® SNP genotyping assays were superior to the jnurf13 nuclear marker in terms of rapid throughput. PCR molecular markers and custom TaqMan® SNP genotyping assays were efficient in screening the onion lines rapidly and accurately for their cytoplasmic and nuclear male sterility genotype. These methods reduced the time to identify the correct genotype of male sterile and maintainer lines, gave accurate genotypic information and proved to be useful on a larger scale. These molecular marker methods will facilitate the production of the correct seed for commercialization of onion lines worldwide.
Application of a Process Model for the Management of Intellectual Property in a Technology Licensing Office from a Brazilian Research Center
Authors: Andrade Herlandí De Souza , Chagas Jr. Milton De Freitas , Urbina Ligia Maria Soto , Silva Messias Borges
Published: June 2018

In Brazil, the Technology Licensing Office (TLO) are responsible for managing the innovation policy of Scientific and Technological Institutions (STI). However, when analyzing the functioning of the TLO is possible to observe that these are organizations that still require capacitation to perform with efficiency and efficacy of its functions. Thus, the aim of this paper is to report the application of a model for the management of Intellectual Property (IP) in the TLO of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE-TLO), in Brazil, which was conducted through an action research. The application of such a model is intended to empower INPE-TLO to perform its functions relating to the protection and commercialization of technologies in order to promote the transfer of technologies created by research and development units of the INPE to the productive sector. As preliminary results, it is possible to highlight the development of an action plan to realignment the flow of activities as well as to customize the model proposed to culture and INPE-TLO structure.
Patent Data for Comparative Study: Case study of Top Aspirants in Bioinformatics Industry
Authors: Mago Neha , Deshpande Nishad
Published: June 2018

Innovation and technology are considered as a subject of success and achievement to the firm. The comparative study represents an essential procedure to identify the innovation and technological capabilities of major players involved in the bioinformatics related inventions. The aim of the research is to map out the top firms and identify their strategically important technologies. In view of this, the comparative analysis of major firms in bioinformatics industry is carried out using patent information. Herein the top three assignees are considered and based on this further analysis is performed. The top companies’ trend suggests that Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. is the major player in bioinformatics research. Thus, we have tried to develop an overview on their patenting trend and important concerned areas of research. Also, our results indicate that the application of computational tools is being utilized for most of the research areas like the study of genomics and proteomics, sequence categorization and their structural prediction.
REPUTAÇÃO: a âncora das organizações em tempos de redes sociais
Authors: PENNINI Anice Bezri , OLIVEIRA Ivone De Lourdes
Published: June 2018

O artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre as relações que se dão no contexto organizacional, a partir da utilização das redes sociais na internet. O ruído, interpretado como inerente ao processo comunicativo, encontra na polifonia dessas redes sociais o espaço fértil para ser potencializado. Com o olhar nas perspectivas que se apresentam nesse cenário, este estudo busca contribuir para se pensar as práticas comunicativas das organizações, bem como a importância da reputação organizacional.
Ficção histórica, códigos narrativos e memória: a crítica à verdade histórica em Netto perde sua alma
Authors: Casadei Eliza Bachega
Published: June 2018

O trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o filme Netto perde a sua Alma a partir do mapeamento dos dois conjuntos de códigos narrativos e estéticos que sustentam a sua narrativa – um deles vinculado a um efeito de real histórico e um outro que engendra os estados de delírio do personagem (colocando a sua narrativa em permanente suspeita) –, bem como os momentos em que essas fronteiras são transpostas. É justamente a tensão entre esses dois sistemas de códigos que constrói a especificidade da representação memorialística em Netto perde a sua alma: trata-se de um filme que, ao mesmo tempo em que se utiliza da referencialidade do discurso histórico e de seus engendramentos próprios de ilusões de real, nega o seu estatuto a partir do engendramento de um outro sistema de códigos socialmente compartilhados que problematiza os aspectos ligados às representações fílmicas do passado.
A (não) noticiabilidade da CPLP no Brasil:Jornalismo, memórias e identidades
Authors: Antunes Elton , Góes José Cristian
Published: June 2018

Discutimos como memória, história e identidades atravessam sutilmente o jornalismo. Partimos da compreensão de que o jornalismo é agente de memória e que busca, tanto no passado quanto na projeção, sentidos inteligíveis do mundo (Zelizer, 2008). Se o lembrar e o esquecer são resultados de tensões a ganhar à superfície entre as notícias, discutimos em que medida eles aparecem ou não abrigados nos critérios do noticiável. Ao se investigar os registros nos jornais nos jornais brasileiros Folha de S. Paulo e O Globo sobre a Comunidade dos Países da Língua Portuguesa (CPLP), nos dez primeiros anos dessa entidade, percebemos a sua "não-noticiabilidade", marcada por silenciamento, por uma memória ocultada, em que o Brasil busca não ser associado a uma comunidade de países majoritariamente pobre e negra.
O ciberjornalismo à luz da complexidade
Authors: Almeida Patricia Pinheiro , Zamith Fernando
Published: June 2018

O processo de transformação dos indivíduos para a atual sociedade em rede instigou o crescente sistema complexo presente neste novo século. A necessidade de compartilhamento e a criação de códigos culturais passaram a depender da capacidade tecnológica das sociedades, direcionando a informação ao jornalismo na rede, mais especificamente ao ciberjornalismo. Este que, pela sua evolução pós convergência digital, busca uma conexão sólida de discurso entre a complexidade do meio e a informação, levando, assim, a uma organização global através da tecnologia.
Enquadramentos e representações sociais da violência urbana na imprensa da amazônia paraense
Authors: Ferreira Junior Sergio , Costa Alda Cristina
Published: June 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender como a cobertura sobre violência urbana na Amazônia Paraense realiza dois movimentos de organização simbólica da experiência e realidade sociais, ou seja, o enquadramento e a produção de representações sociais sobre a violência. Pelas narrativas jornalísticas são realizados esses movimentos, assumindo uma forma específica: a de narrativa policial. Essas narrativas não têm o objetivo só de apresentar relatos sobre fenômenos e acontecimentos, antes, participam de uma relação mediada, em que os sentidos subjetivos e as formas reconhecidas como violência são projetadas e aderem aos conhecimentos já difundidos em sociedade.
A web e o jornalismo de dados: mapeamento de conceitos chave
Authors: Araújo Lucas Vieira
Published: June 2018

Este artigo busca conceituar, definir o escopo e o propósito do jornalismo de dados a partir de uma visão histórica da web e dos dados como elementos básicos da informação digital. Acredita-se na relevância desse debate pela crescente difusão de tecnologias que possibilitam a coleta de dados na web e as perspectivas nesse novo cenário para o jornalismo, seja em plataformas audiovisuais até em ambiente web a partir de dispositivos móveis ubíquos. Para atingir tais objetivos, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, de cunho eminentemente teórico, na qual foi utilizada bibliografia brasileira e estrangeira. Entre os resultados, percebe-se que a prática de extrair informação a partir de dados não é um recurso recente e que são necessários novos estudos para aprofundar as discussões em torno de assuntos como os limites éticos do jornalismo de dados.