bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Views and the Effects of Materialist Philosophy and Socialist Ideology on Curriculums and Educational Administration
Authors:   Ministry of National Education (Turkey),, Dilbaz Engin , Erkılıç Turan Akman ,   Anadolu University (Turkey)
Published: June 2021

Materialist philosophy and socialist ideology are philosophical and ideological approaches that have deep influence and traces in public life practice. Along with the social, economic, and political fields, the field of education has been deeply influenced by materialist philosophy and socialist ideology in certain contexts. Main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of materialist philosophy and socialist ideology on the curriculum, educational administration and economic-political dimensions. The study is a systematic review study based on the review of the literature. It is aimed to synthesize the views and effects on education management with educational programs by making a systematic compilation of works on materialist philosophy, socialist ideology and education. The data of the study have been analyzed using content analysis. As a result of the study; considering perspective of materialist philosophy and socialist ideology on education, it is observed that theoretical humanistic values are generally advocated. However, many differences between theory and practice are observed in materialist philosophy and socialist ideology-related practices. In terms of curriculum dimension, materialist philosophy is important in terms of contributing to the creation of a new educational philosophy rather than being a direct educational philosophy. Considering social, political and economic dimensions; it can be stated that materialist philosophy and socialist ideology direct the liberal capitalist world towards social policies. In the research, it is suggested that researches should be conducted to examine the effects of different philosophies and ideologies on the curriculum and management of education.
Health Insurance Uptake and Affordability of Care Among Patients with Hypertension in a Federal Teaching Hospital in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors:   Federal Teaching Hospital (Nigeria), Ipinnimo Tope Michael , Ibirongbe Demilade Olusola ,   University of Medical Sciences (Nigeria), Omowaye Motunrayo Temidayo ,   Afe Babalola Multisystems Hospital (Nigeria), Ajayi Paul Oladapo ,   Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (Nigeria), Ogunleye Taiwo Samuel ,   Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (Nigeria)
Published: June 2021

This study aims to assess health insurance uptake and affordability of care among patients with hypertension in a Federal Teaching Hospital in Southwestern Nigeria. This was a cross sectional study involving 138 hypertensive patient selected through systematic random sampling technique from the cardiology clinic of a Federal Teaching Hospital. A semi-structured, interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. A significance level of 5% was used. The mean age (standard deviation) of the patients was 57.4 (12.8) years with median (interquartile range) monthly income of ₦46,500.00 (₦55,000.00) [US$129 (US$152.78)]. The health insurance uptake among them was 26.8%. Out of those who had no health insurance cover, 87.2% of them believed it could make their financial burden less and wish to be registered. Hypertensive patients enrolled under health insurance were significantly less likely to face financial difficulty when paying for drugs (p<0.001) and investigations (p<0.001). Additionally, these patients were significantly less likely to deny or defer project(s) in order to pay for their illness (p=0.004) and to have their source of livelihood being negatively affected by this illness (p=0.002). This study found a low health insurance uptake among hypertensive patients, even though most of the patients who had no health insurance cover were ready to enroll. Additionally, health insurance was identified to promote affordability of care among these patients. It is therefore crucial to put in place measures that will increase health insurance coverage among these patients.
The Impact of Personality and Situational Factors on Perceived Stress: An Investigation During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Hanoi University, Vietnam, Do Ngoc
Published: June 2021

The study investigates the relationship between personality and situational factors on perceived stress level during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis of data collected from people across different territories confirms the association between personality traits and perceived stress level. Furthermore, the paper shows that people are experiencing moderate stress, which is affected by where they are residing, whether their personal finance is at risk, and their usage of social media during the pandemic.
Create Shared Value - A Win-Win Business Model
Authors: Rajarajeswari S. , Srinivasan K.
Published: June 2021

Creating shared value is a framework created for enhancing economic value for the organization while simultaneously meeting the needs of the society and its challenges. This paper aims in providing structural framework of shared values and also key measures taken by various organization. This articles emphasis on adoption of shared values and its impact on enhancing the environmental performance, Stakeholder’s health, nutrition, affordability in meeting the basic requirements of stake holders and also measures in improving societal wellbeing.
Real-Time WebRTC based Mobile Surveillance System
Authors: Baretto Alistair , Pudussery Noel , Subramaniam Veerasai , Siddiqui Amroz
Published: June 2021

The rapid growth that has taken place in Computer Vision has been instrumental in driving the advancement of Image processing techniques and drawing inferences from them. Combined with the enormous capabilities that Deep Neural networks bring to the table, computers can be efficiently trained to automate the tasks and yield accurate and robust results quickly thus optimizing the process. Technological growth has enabled us to bring such computationally intensive tasks to lighter and lower-end mobile devices thus opening up a wide range of possibilities. WebRTC-the open-source web standard enables us to send multimedia-based data from peer to peer paving the way for Real-time Communication over the Web. With this project, we aim to build on one such opportunity that can enable us to perform custom object detection through an android based application installed on our mobile phones. Therefore, our problem statement is to be able to capture real-time feeds, perform custom object detection, generate inference results, and appropriately send intruder alerts when needed. To implement this, we propose a mobile-based over-the-cloud solution that can capitalize on the enormous and encouraging features of the YOLO algorithm and incorporate the functionalities of OpenCV’s DNN module for providing us with fast and correct inferences. Coupled with a good and intuitive UI, we can ensure ease of use of our application.
The mechanism between the evolution of cognitive logics and entrepreneurial opportunities: A longitudinal comparative analyses of two cases
Authors: He Jiandu , Sun Xinbo
Published: June 2021

Although
the discovery/creation of entrepreneurial opportunities are extremely
important, the process of analysis, evaluation and screening of the ideas
cannot be ignored. This study selects two companies from China as case to explore
the mechanism between the evolution of cognitive logics and entrepreneurial
opportunities. We find that the entrepreneur/entrepreneurial team will pay
attention to the innovation, consensus and practicality of ideas, and the
cognitive logics using different knowledge structures in the evaluation of
ideas include three types of, i.e., single, parallel and natural, logics.
Finally, this explores the deeper reasons for the mutual transformation between
discovery opportunities and creation opportunities.
RNA sequencing and microarray analysis are helpful techniques to detect obesity-related lncRNAs. LncRNA can alter cholesterol metabolism and can be a target for gene therapy
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Recent study has connected obesity disorders including improper lipid, cholesterol, and glucose metabolism to lncRNAs, which may lead to obesity or type 2 diabetes. RNA sequencing and microarray analysis are helpful techniques to detect obesity-related lncRNAs. However, the important participation of several lncRNAs in controlling obesity problems is yet unexplored.Several lncRNAs interact with and influence lipid, cholesterol, and glucose metabolism genes, proteins, and enzymes. However, the number of lncRNAs found is substantially smaller than the number of lncRNAs detailing the lipid, cholesterol, and glucose metabolic activity. This is due in part to the complexity of the action mechanism of lncRNAs and the lack of reliable methodologies to predict functional properties of lncRNA. Consequently, if technologies exist to uncover and define lncRNAs connected to obesity syndrome, it will disclose possible therapeutic goals and drive the creation of novel, very useful ways for obesity therapy. Moreover, lncRNA can alter cholesterol accumulation, synthesis, intracellular transit, and excretion. Whether lncRNAs impact cholesterol homeostasis through cholesterol esterification, deesterification, and/or absorption remained unresolved till recently. It's worth highlighting that lncRNAs have poor species conservation levels. According to a recent study, about 10% of lncRNAs are preserved between mammals and chickens and 2% between mammals and fish,106 showing that preserved lncRNAs between species may play a crucial role in modulating the metabolism of obesity in animal evolution. Despite their poor conservation between species, however, most nonconservative lncRNAs have the potential to be transformed into nucleic acid medications to treat obesity syndrome in animal studies or for therapeutic advantages.LncRNAs play a function in food intake, associated with obesity diseases. LncRNA was revealed to have a role in HFD-induced obesity diseases, which have intergenerational characteristics. Complete decipherment of lncRNA with regard to metabolic control of obesity might open the way for precise medication and prevention of obesity transmission from generation to generation. Moreover, as indicated in this study review, lncRNA-based therapeutic approaches may minimize genetic toxicity and maybe treat obesity problems. Natural products may have a lot of promise in the treatment of obesity syndrome and additional studies are needed. Future investigation may focus on finding effective and nontoxic strategies to introduce lncRNA interference agents to obese patients via natural products and gene therapy. As a consequence, discovering a unique mechanism for influencing obesity on the expression of lncRNA might help us better understand the pathophysiology of obesity syndromes and support the design of new tools to prevent and cure obesity syndrome, especially from food.
HMGB1 has sparked a lot of attention as a model DAMP molecule involved in inflammation, inflammatory diseases, and cancer.
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

HMGB1, the second most prevalent protein inside the nucleus after histone, has sparked a lot of attention as a model DAMP molecule involved in inflammation, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Building on the fundamental knowledge of HMGB1 as a cytokine/chemoattractant, several in vivo and in vitro studies have indicated therapeutic potential for targeting HMGB1 and lowering tissue damage once inflammation has gone awry. A few hurdles must be cleared before HMGB1 treatment may progress further into clinical trials. The exact mechanism by which HMGB1 travels from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and then to the ECM is unclear. Different HMGB1 redox states can generate in situ modulations, making it difficult to determine the specific function of HMGB1 isoforms. Furthermore, the investigation of HMGB1 and its antagonists in disease situations is complicated by various HMGB1 receptors with various degrees of cell selectivity for a certain HMGB1 isoform or HMGB1 cofactor complex. HMGB1 targeting has been found to be beneficial in the treatment of inflammation and inflammatory diseases, notably in sepsis, sterile inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer, despite the difficulties. Continued HMGB1 research might help fill in the gaps in knowledge and push HMGB1 antagonists closer to the next step of clinical testing.
Advanced Placement Course Credit and Undergraduate Student Success in Gateway Science Courses
Authors: Fischer Christian , Witherspoon Eben , Nguyen Ha , Feng Yanan , Fiorini Stefano , Vincent-Ruz Paulette , Mead Chris , Bork William Nicholas , Matz Rebecca Lahti , Schunn Christian D.
Published: June 2021

Approximately two million students take Advanced Placement (AP) examinations annually. However, departmental policies that allow students to replace introductory courses with AP credit greatly vary within and across universities, even across relatively similar universities. This study examines the impact of AP credit policies on subsequent course success in Biology, Chemistry, and Physics at six large public research universities (N = 48,230 students). Examining average treatment effects for students skipping college courses using inverse-probability weights with regression adjustment, we found that students who skipped actually performed similarly well or better in subsequent courses than students who did not skip, even in contexts where lower AP scores were accepted. We also discovered wide variation in percentage of students who chose to skip when meeting their local policies. Therefore, to reduce unnecessary coursework that is burdensome for both students and universities, we suggest that departments consider modifying AP credit policies and that advisors consider encouraging students to skip when they have eligible AP scores.
Gene-free Viral-like particles (VLPs) offer a safer alternative to inactivating or weakening viral strains for traditional vaccines. VLP-based vaccinations without adjuvants have been found to promote humoral and cellular immunity
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Nanotechnology and protein engineering helped revolutionize the invention and upgrading of immunization carriers, as well as medicine packaging and delivery systems. Viruses have been considered functioning NPs in the 21st century. This nano-structure may deliver antigens and medications to multiple locations throughout tissues and organs. Gene-free Viral-like particles (VLPs) offer a safer alternative to inactivating or weakening viral strains for traditional vaccines. This allows for the development of VLPs that can contain polyvalent antigenic structures that can also contain antigenic chemicals to target tissues. Also, they're immunogens. VLPs have also been shown to be excellent adjuvants. VLP-based vaccinations without adjuvants have been found to promote humoral and cellular immunity via the MHC class I and II route in some cases.Also used as therapeutic vaccines, presenting patients' own antigens and assisting them in the fight against chronic and metabolic diseases, as well as various types of cancers. Several vaccines created from VLP have been approved or are being tested in the clinical setting. More investigation is needed to fully assess the effectiveness, bad effects, difficulties, and benefits of VLP-based vaccinations when used for different cancers.Despite technical obstacles such as molecules appearing correctly on the particle surface, current research has provided substantial amounts of knowledge that may assist to alleviate these challenges. One option discovered in our lab is to add a sortase recognition motif (LPXTG) to the surface of distinct VLPs that may be exposed. To protect the VLP integrity, it allows proteins to be attached to the VLP surface. Use of VLP external surfaces to transport medications to a specific cell or tissue in order to treat an illness. The VLP's surface can be manipulated in order to optimize the VLP's efficacy. In order to deliver this complex to a specified target, it must be fused with molecules on the surface. Despite the fact that VLP-based vaccinations have been successful in helping to prevent disease, more work is needed to reach the optimum condition.
KEBUTUHAN ENERGI ZAT GIZI
Authors: amini Syahral
Published: June 2021

Kebutuhan dasar dari setiap makhluk hidup untuk melakukan berbagai kegiatan yaitu memerlukan energi. Energi diperoleh dari karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak yang berasal dari bahan makanan. Nilai energi ditentukan oleh kandungan karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak. Kebutuhan energi seseorang menurut FAO/WHO tahun 1985 adalah konsumsi energiberasal dari makanan yang diperlukan untuk menutupi pengeluaran energi seseorang bila mempunnyai ukuran dan komposisi tubuh dengan tingkat aktivitas yang sesuai dengan kesehatan jangka panjang dan yang memungkinkan pemeliharaan aktivitas fisik yang dibutuhkan secara sosial dan ekonomi.
RESUME HTN MUHAMMAD NURHAIKAL
Authors: MUH HAIKAL
Published: June 2021

Ada berbagai istilah di beberapa negara tentang hukum tata negara itu sendiri seperti Di Belanda umumnya menggunakan istilah “staatsrech” yang terbagi menjadi staatsrech in ruimere zin (dalam arti luas) dan staatsrech In engere zin (dalam arti luas). Staatsrech in ruimere zin adalah Hukum Negara. Sedangkan teknologi statistik dalam engere zin merupakan hukum yang membedakan antara Hukum Tata Negara dengan Hukum Tata Usaha Negara, Hukum Tata Usaha Negara atau Hukum Pemerintahan.
Systems biology is a method for analyzing massive amounts of multidimensional data generated by omics technologies. Cross-validation of the various technological platforms is critical
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

The value of systems biology in cardiology is becoming more recognized. There has been a tremendous rise in the number of articles in the last two decades, as publicly available datasets have been provided online and high-throughput tissue analysis has become more prevalent. In animal models, however, the future of cardiovascular medicine is less likely to be reanalyzing data and more likely to be investigating the function of GWAS-identified SNPs or network change using informatics and gene-editing technologies. These techniques, when combined with other omics interrogations and rigorous experimental design, have the potential to improve our understanding of gene-to-disease pathways.Systems biology is a method for studying large amounts of multidimensional data generated by omics technologies and, more broadly, the transition to big data in health care.Cross-validation of the various technological platforms is critical because omics studies are prone to bias and overinterpretation.Investigators must carefully determine which publicly accessible datasets, if any, to employ while conducting a systems analysis. Despite the fact that network theory and machine learning may yield amazing outcomes, these methods are not yet standardized. The studies mentioned here are excellent examples, in part because they use empirical models to support emergent systems biology results. In the few successful cases, careful experimental design, including interventional research and clinical trials, is required, in addition to the insights supplied by bioinformatics analysis of omics approaches. While it may be tempting to use emergent qualities to capture these new discoveries in more fundamental concepts, we agree with the English philosopher William of Ockham when he says, "It is futile to do with more things what can be done with fewer."
DIFERENCIAIS NA COBERTURA DAS BASES DE DADOS DE ÓBITOS NO BRASIL EM 2010
Authors: DIOGENES VICTOR HUGO DIAS , Junior Elzo , Gonzaga Marcos Roberto , Ichihara Maria Yuri , Queiroz Bernardo L , Lima Everton E. C. , da Costa Lilia Carolina Carneiro , Rocha Aline dos Santos , Ferreira Andrêa Jacqueline Fortes , Teixeira Camila Silveira Silva , Alves flavia , Rameh Leila , Flores-Ortiz Renzo
Published: June 2021

OBJETIVO: Comparar a contagem de óbitos registrados pelas três fontes de informação de mortalidade disponíveis no Brasil em 2010 (Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade – SIM, Registro Civil - RC e Censo Demográfico 2010) em diversos níveis geográficos e verificar associação entre características socioeconômicas dos municípios e a fonte que apresentou a maior cobertura relativa. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo e comparativo dos dados brutos de óbitos do SIM, RC e Censo 2010, ocorridos entre agosto/2009 e julho/2010 no Brasil, estados e municípios. No nível municipal, foi verificado o percentual de municípios conforme a base que apresentou maior contagem de óbitos. A associação entre a fonte de maior cobertura relativa e os indicadores socioecômicos Índice Brasileiro de Privação (IBP) e Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IHDM) foi feita a partir de mapas coropléticos bivariados e mapa de clusters do LISA de Moran.RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que o SIM é a base com o maior número de óbitos em todas as regiões do Brasil, com exceção da região Norte, onde a base de maior cobertura foi o Censo. Com base nos indicadores propostos, o Censo, no geral, apresentou maior cobertura de óbitos quando comparada com o SIM e o RC nos municípios mais privados (maiores valores do IBP) e menos desenvolvidos (menores valores do IDHM).CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados evidenciam as desigualdades regionais na cobertura dos dados de óbitos provenientes das bases estudadas e a importância da manutenção do quesito de mortalidade no questionário básico do Censo.
Cognitive Variability Matches Speculative Price Dynamics
Authors: Zhu Jian-Qiao , Spicer Jake , Sanborn Adam N , Chater Nick
Published: June 2021

Price series in speculative markets show a common set of statistical properties, termed ‘stylised facts’. While some facts support simple efficient markets composed of homogenous rational agents (e.g., the absence of autocorrelation in price increments), others do not (e.g., heavy-tailed distributions of price changes and volatility clustering) (Campbell et al., 1997; Fama, 1970; Mandelbrot, 1966; Mandelbrot, 1963; Cont, 2001). Collectively, these facts have been explained by either more complex markets or markets of heterogeneous agents (Cont 2007; Giardina & Bouchaud, 2003; Hommes, 2006; Barberis & Thaler, 2005), with asset-market experiments validating the latter approach (Hommes 2011; Kirchler & Huber, 2009). However, it is unknown whether markets are necessary to produce these features. Here we show that within-individual variability alone is sufficient to produce many of the stylised facts. In a series of experiments, we increasingly simplified a price prediction task by first removing external information, then removing any interaction between participants. Finally, we removed any resemblance to an asset market by asking participants to simply reproduce temporal intervals. All three experiments produced the main stylised facts. The robustness of the results across tasks suggests a common cognitive-level mechanism underlies these patterns, and we identify a candidate that is a general-purpose approximation to rational behavior. We recommend a stronger focus on individual psychology in macroeconomic theory, and particularly within-individual variability. Combining these insights with existing economic mechanisms could help explain price changes in speculative markets.
Beyond Bias to Western participants, authors, and editors in developmental science Running title: Beyond bias in developmental science
Authors: Moriguchi Yusuke
Published: June 2021

In this commentary, I argue that study participants, authors, and editorial members in developmental science are biased toward Western populations. First, I analyzed the study participants and first authors of articles in Infant and Child Development between 2006 and 2010 and between 2016 and 2020. The results suggested that most study participants and first authors were from the Western population. However, since 2010, the number of study participants and first authors from non-Western populations have gradually increased. Second, I analyzed editorial members from journals in developmental science. The results indicated that most editorial members were Western researchers. Given these analyses, I discuss what we can do to increase diversity in developmental science.
No Evidence That Belief in Conspiracy Theories is Negatively Related to Attitudes Toward Transhumanism
Authors: Lantian Anthony , Rose Michael
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Transhumanism is a movement that emphasizes the improvement of the human condition by developing technologies and making them widely available. Conspiracy theories regularly refer to the allegedly transhumanist agenda of elites. We hypothesized that belief in conspiracy theories would be related to more unfavorable attitudes toward the transhumanist movement. Methods. We examined this association through two pre-registered studies (based on two French samples, total N after exclusion = 550). Results. We found no evidence of a negative relationship between belief in conspiracy theories and attitudes toward transhumanism. This null result was further corroborated by Bayesian analysis, an equivalence test, and an internal mini meta-analysis. Conclusion. This work plays a precursory role in understanding attitudes toward an international cultural and intellectual movement that continues to grow in popularity and influence.
Examining the Longitudinal Associations between Repeated Narration of Recent Transgressions Within Individuals’ Romantic Relationships and Character Growth in Empathy, Humility and Compassion
Authors: Blackie Laura , McLean Kate C.
Published: June 2021

This prospective longitudinal study examined whether repeated written narration of relational transgressions was associated with increases in empathy, humility and compassion over one year. Although engagement in reflective and meaning-making processing styles has been theorized to facilitate adversarial growth after adversity, existing research has been limited by methodological issues and has yet to examine whether this mechanism is associated with character trait changes over time. Participants provided ratings of trait empathy, humility and compassion in 5 waves at 3-month intervals. In wave 2, participants provided a written narrative describing a recent relational transgression against their romantic partner. Participants then engaged in repeated narration of recent romantic transgressions in waves 3 through 5. The narratives were coded for redemption, positive self-event connections and degree of personal responsibility taken. Linear growth curve models were used to examine the extent to which these narrative themes were associated with character growth. Overall, there was little consistent and robust evidence across models that narration was associated with changes in empathy, humility and compassion. The implications for research into adversarial growth are discussed in reference to the appropriateness of operationalizing adversarial growth as character growth and the extent to which relational transgressions can facilitate adversarial growth.
A Tutorial on Bayesian Inference for the A/B Test with R and JASP
Authors: Hoffmann Tabea , Hofman Abe Dirk , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan
Published: June 2021

Popular in business, psychology, and the analysis of clinical trial data, the A/B test refers to a comparison between two proportions. Here we discuss two Bayesian A/B tests that allow users to monitor the uncertainty about a difference in two proportions as data accumulate over time. We emphasize the advantage of assigning a dependent prior distribution to the proportions (i.e., assigning a prior to the log odds ratio). This dependent-prior approach has been implemented in the open-source statistical software programs R and JASP. Several examples demonstrate how JASP can be used to apply this Bayesian test and interpret the results.
How and when do mobile media demands impact well-being? Explicating the integrative model of mobile media use and need experiences (IM3UNE)
Authors: Schneider Frank M. , Lutz Sarah , Halfmann Annabell , Meier Adrian , Reinecke Leonard
Published: June 2021

Using mobile media can be both detrimental and beneficial for well-being. Thus, explaining how and when they elicit such effects is of crucial importance. To explicate boundary conditions and processes for digital well-being, this article introduces the Integrative Model of Mobile Media Use and Need Experiences (IM³UNE). Instead of assuming mobile media to be pathogenic, the IM³UNE offers a salutogenic perspective—it focuses on how we can stay healthy when using mobile media ubiquitously in daily life. More specifically, the model assumes that both the satisfaction and the frustration of basic psychological needs are key underlying mechanisms linking demanding mobile media use to well-being. However, the impact of these mechanisms is contingent on how users perceive, appraise, act on, and make sense of mobile media demands according to their global orientation to life (i.e., their sense of coherence; SOC). Integrating prior work, we theoretically link mindfulness, self-control, and meaningfulness to SOC’s central facets, arguing that they represent crucial personal resources required to cope with mobile media demands. Thus, the IM³UNE offers an integrative framework, guiding further research towards a more nuanced, less technologically deterministic study of mobile media’s well-being effects.
Can Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) Replace Human Arbitrators? Technological Concerns and Legal Implications
Authors: Kasap Gizem Halis
Published: June 2021

Artificial intelligence (“AI”) has advanced to the point that machines can compare and contrast historical cases in order to predict the outcome of a dispute at hand. AI studies that predict the outcome of litigation have stirred heated debate about the possible arrival of AI judges. Few scientific and legal studies have investigated the prediction of legal decision-making in arbitration despite the fact of AI predicting case outcomes and the emerging talk of AI judges. Inspired by these debates and to fill this gap in legal scholarship, the article poses the question of whether AI will be able to replace arbitrators, enquires into AI’s ability to predict outcomes of future cases in the context of international commercial arbitration, and scouts the potential implications if AI does, in fact, replace arbitrators. Although this article focuses on the international arbitration perspective, it looks at examples and studies from a wide range of legal fields, and its findings apply adjudicatory decision-making more generally.
US INDO-PACIFIC STRATEGY AND EURASIA
Authors: Batyuk Vladimir
Published: June 2021

Despite the critical attitude of the current American President towards his predecessor, the Trump administration actually continued the course of the Obama administration to turn the Asia-Pacific region into the most important priority of American foreign policy. Moreover, the US Asia-Pacific strategy was transformed under Trump into the Indo-Pacific strategy, when the Indian Ocean was added to the Asia-Pacific region in the US strategic thinking. The US Pacific command was renamed the Indo-Pacific command (May 2018), and the US Department of defense developed the Indo-Pacific strategy (published in June 2019). The Indo-Pacific strategy is an integral part of Trump’s national security strategy, according to which China, along with Russia, was declared US adversary. The American side complained about both the economic and military-political aspects of the Chinese presence in the Indo-Pacific region. At the same time, official Washington is no longer confident that it can cope with those adversaries, China and Russia, alone. Trying to implement the main provisions of the Indo-Pacific strategy, official Washington has staked not only on building up its military power in the Indo-Pacific, but also on trying to build an anti-Chinese system of alliances in this huge region. Along with such traditional American allies in the region as Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, the Philippines and Singapore, the American side in the recent years has made active attempts to attract India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam to this system of alliances as well. These American attempts, however, can only cause serious concerns not only in Beijing, but also in Moscow, thereby contributing to the mutual rapprochement of the Russian Federation and China. Meanwhile, the Russian-Chinese tandem is able to devalue American efforts to strategically encircle China, creating a strong Eurasian rear for the Middle Kingdom.
STUDYING THE HISTORY OF THE BALKANS / SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE: RESEARCH TASKS AND PROBLEM FORMULATION
Authors:   INION RAN, Romanenko Sergei
Published: June 2021

The new issue of the journal «Current Problems of Europe» opens with the problem-oriented article, dedicated to the analysis of the state of the Balkans / South-Eastern Europe region and its development in 2000-2020. The author gives a systemic description of the processes taking place in the intra-national and international intra-regional political, social and economic development of the countries of the region, and the problems generated by them. The changes are associated with a difficult transition phase, experienced by the states of the region, for the most part belonging to the post-socialist world (Bulgaria, Romania, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Kosovo and Albania). The exceptions are Greece, Turkey and Cyprus, however, these three states are also going through a difficult period in their history, associated with new problems both in interstate relations within this triangle, and in relations with NATO and the EU, as well as with Russia. The article discusses the specifics of translating the terms «people» and «national» into Russian, as well as the toponym Kosovo (Serb.) / Kosova (Alb.), and ethnonyms «Bošnjak» and «bosanac». The first part of the issue contains articles devoted to general problems of regional studies: the relationship between the terms Eastern Europe, Central Europe, South-Eastern Europe, Balkans, Western Balkans; comparative and political science subjects; the role of the European Union and China in the development of the region; the relationship of national Serbian, post-Yugoslavian and European culture and intellectual heritage as well. The second part of the issue examines the relations of the Balkan states with the states of Central and Eastern Europe (Czech Republic, Romania, Belarus), as well as the specifics of their development in the post-socialist period. Thus, there is the possibility of a multilateral - historical, political and cultural, as well as comparative analysis of the development of this complex region, which is of great importance for international relations worldwide.
POLITICAL THEATER ON THE SCENES OF BELGRADE INTERNATIONAL THEATRE FESTIVAL
Authors: Vagapova Natalia
Published: June 2021

The article presents a cultural and political analysis of the activities of the Belgrade International Theater Festival (BITEF) - a significant theatrical, general cultural and social phenomenon in Serbia, the Balkans / South-Eastern Europe, and throughout Europe as a whole. Before the collapse of the SFRY (1991-1992), being the official showcase of self-government socialism, the festival was at the same time one of the most representative shows of new theatrical trends in Europe. It was attended by troupes from the countries of the East and West - Western and Eastern Europe, the USSR, the USA, Latin America, China, Japan. Not being by definition a festival of political theater, thanks to the moral and civic position of its founders and leaders M. Trailovich and Y. Chirilov, BITEF has become a space of aesthetic and social free-thinking in the SFRY and in neighbouring socialist countries. The organizers of BITEF found an opportunity to provide a platform for theatrical «dissidents» with their performances dedicated to rethinking modernity and the recent past in any genre. During the existence of the FRY (1992-2003), BITEF became an annual cultural manifestation in opposition to the regimes in power in Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, with their ideology of chauvinism and isolation from the outside world. At this time, the compilers of the festival programs began to attach special importance to performances of a political and social orientation. Many theaters from Serbia, as well as from the former neighbours of the Yugoslavian federation, and now the newly independent states, in their productions offered not so much a political, as a moral and ideological alternative to ethnic nationalism, militarism and political intolerance. Since 2006, in the independent Republic of Serbia, BITEF has strived not only to revive the traditions of Serbian theater, but also to preserve the best traditions of the theatrical art of the peoples of the former Yugoslavia, placing them in the context of the common European and global development of theater and culture, ideology and philosophy, literature, aesthetics, ethics. In principle opposing nationalism and militarism from the standpoint of humanism, BITEF plays an outstanding role in shaping public attitudes in Serbia, in weakening and overcoming conflicts, in normalizing relations between the peoples of the disintegrated Yugoslavia, in creating an atmosphere of freedom and tolerance.
POLITICAL-MILITARY DIMENSION OF THE FRG FOREIGN POLICY IN THE POST-YUGOSLAVIAN SPACE
Authors:   INION RAN, Trunov Philipp
Published: June 2021

Since the early 1990 s, Germany has been playing an active role in shaping so-called the post-Yugoslavian space, using a diversified political, diplomatic and military tools. Demonstration of Germany’s abilities in the Balkans contributed to the fact that the country gradually regained its role as a regional power and began to move towards the position of a full-fledged global player. The article focuses on the dynamics and results of the development of bilateral contacts between the FRG and the Balkan regional actors in the political and military field in the 2010 s. In this regard, the practical significance of increasing the number of Balkan countries in NATO and launching the Conference on the Western Balkans is analyzed. The roles of Slovenia and Croatia as focal regional partners of Germany are revealed. The author compares FRG’s approaches to the settlement of armed conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Kosovo and shows the difficulties faced by German diplomacy in bringing these countries closer to the Euro-Atlantic community. In this context, the position of the FRG in the settlement of the «Macedonian issue» is examined and the growing understanding by the German leadership of the importance of a significant improvement in relations with Serbia for strengthening the strategic positions of Germany in the Balkans is revealed. The author describes the mediating and coordinating role of Germany in establishing unofficial contacts between official Belgrade and Kosovo and emphasizes the importance of the «negotiation link» between Chancellor A. Merkel and President A. Vučić. It is noted that Germany demonstrates the readiness to accept the tactics of multi-speed rapprochement of the states of the post-Yugoslavian space with the EU and NATO. The article concludes that, at the present, the main tactical task of the FRG in the post-Yugoslavian space is to ensure the integration of all states in the region into the Euro-Atlantic community.
ROMANIA AND THE BALKANS: POLITICAL, HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS
Authors:   INION RAN, Bitkova Tatiana
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes some aspects of Romania’s foreign policy in the Balkan region. It is noted that the same fact that country belongs to the Balkans causes ambiguous interpretations on the part of Romanian politicians and experts, many of whom believe that Romania cannot be attributed to this region either geographically or politically. At the same time, culturally and historically, according to a certain part of historians and sociologists, Romania nevertheless carries the features of the so-called «Balkanism», due to the common Ottoman past with the Balkan Peninsula. These features are also relevant for the current socio-political situation, which is shown in the article with specific examples. In addition, criticism of the very term «Balkanism» from the side of Romanian analysts is presented. The author also examines Romania’s relations with the countries of the Western Balkans, primarily with Serbia. The points of contact of the positions of these countries are noted, which are largely due to the desire of Serbia to resolve the Kosovo problem in its favor, relying on the support of Romania - one of the five EU countries that did not recognize the independence of Kosovo. Romania, using this situation, is trying to strengthen its position, seeking regional leadership. The author comes to the conclusion that, although the Western Balkan countries directly or indirectly aspire to Euro-Atlantic structures, some of them (primarily Serbia) maintain and develop friendly relations with Russia, which complicates their interaction with Romania, orthodoxly adhering to the NATO and European Union policies and having a very difficult relationship with Russia.
ON THE POST-SOCIALIST PATH OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS AND THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors:   INION RAN, Dyrina Anna
Published: June 2021

The article examines the current state of affairs in Belarus and Serbia - two countries that previously were parts of the socialist federal states, but currently belong to the regions of Eastern Europe and the Balkans/South-Eastern Europe, respectively. The first part of the article is devoted to Belarusian-Serbian relations. Political cooperation is developing at the presidential, governmental and parliamentary levels, and interaction is also carried out at the level of various departments, regions and cities. For Serbia, the support from Belarus on the international scene is important, in particular, in the issue of the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Serbia. The second part of the article is devoted to Serbia’s relations with the EU and the countries of the Adriatic Euroregion. On December 22, 2009 Serbia applied for EU membership. Despite the significant progress in the negotiations, Serbia has not yet become one of the EU member states. The third part of the article analyzes relations between Belarus and its neighbors, as well as cooperation with the EU. The European Union is the second most important market for Belarusian exports (after Russia). The main trading partners of Belarus among European countries, based on the indicators of bilateral trade in 2019, are Germany, Poland, Great Britain, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Italy, Turkey, Latvia, France, Belgium, and the Czech Republic. The article concludes on the state and prospects of Belarusian-Serbian relations, cooperation of Belarus and Serbia with the EU and neighboring countries, and gives a description of the political systems and foreign policy of Belarus and Serbia.
WATER SECURITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA: NEW DIMENSIONS OF AN OLD PROBLEM
Authors:   INION RAN, Kozintsev Alexander
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the issue of water supply in the Middle East and North Africa. It focuses on the regional patterns of water allocation and causes of water scarcity. It is noted that state interaction in the field of water management is conflict driven and not followed by fruitful cooperation. The main types of regional water conflicts are presented. The article concludes with two case studies (Egypt and Syria) that demonstrate how ineffective management of water resources leads to interstate conflict or civil unrest.
CHINA’S NUCLEAR POWER PRODUCTION IN LIGHT OF GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Authors:   INION RAN, Petushkova Vlada
Published: June 2021

Nuclear power production is a dynamic sector of the People’s Republic of China economy. The fulfillment of the plan of nuclear energy development will put China on the first place in the global production of electricity at the nuclear power plants before 2030. The development of nuclear power is in line with China’s sustainable development strategy and plays an important role in addressing both resource scarcity as well as air pollution and climate change issues. The article discusses some aspects of cooperation between Russia and China in the field of nuclear energy.
ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL DISASTERS AND CLIMATE CHANGE DAMAGE
Authors:   INION RAN, Ivanovskiy Boris
Published: June 2021

The types and scales of the most significant natural disasters are determined. The problems of forming a statistical database on natural disasters are considered, as well as methodological issues of economic measurement of the consequences of natural disasters. Particular attention is paid to the study of the impact of climate change on the financial sector of the economy of the affected regions.
THE MECHANISMS OF PUBLIC POLICY TO MITIGATE THE NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   INION RAN, Kodaneva Svetlana
Published: June 2021

As the global economy grows, so do greenhouse gas emissions, in particular carbon dioxide, which is considered one of the main causes of climate change. The growing environmental problems determine the urgency of taking operational measures to reduce the negative impact of human activities on the environment. State policy should be aimed at both reducing the level of industrial emissions of pollutants and creating environmentally responsible behavior of residents. The article discusses various mechanisms for implementing relevant state programs, depending on the national context.
ENVIRONMENTAL CITIZENSHIP IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS
Authors:   INION RAN, Pryazhnikova Olga
Published: June 2021

The review highlights various aspects of the environmental citizenship concept. In particular, it focuses on the problem of integration of this concept in educational practices at all levels of the education system.
ВНУТРЕННЯЯ ПОЛИТИКА СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ
Authors:   INION RAN, Schensnovish Valentina
Published: June 2021

Обзор основан на анализе статей, которые рассматривают внутреннюю политику современной России с акцентом на социальной проблематике. В центре размышлений исследователей - национальные проекты РФ, их социальное и экономическое значение, приоритеты государственной политики в области демографии.
COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA, KYRGYZSTAN, KAZAKHSTAN, TAJIKISTAN AND UZBEKISTAN WITHIN THE SCO AND THE EAEU
Authors:   INION RAN, Schensnovish Valentina
Published: June 2021

The review deals with prominent aspects of the interaction between the SCO Member States in the field of politics, economics, science and education. Special importance is attached to digitalization, youth projects, scientific and educational cooperation of universities and the activities of international information and scientific centres that have an impact on the integration processes in the Eurasian area.
MORALITY AND LAW
Authors:   INION RAN, Letov Oleg
Published: June 2021

The review examines the problems of correlation of such categories as morality, law and justice. It is noted that although in many respects Russians have overcome the realities of the 1990s, signs such as corruption, disregard for the law and morality remain an obstacle to further progress. The experience of overcoming similar obstacles in other countries, in particular in the USA in the 1920s and 1930s, would undoubtedly be useful to the Russian reader.
THE CONCEPT OF GOD IN JUDAISM
Authors:   INION RAN, Khlebnikov Georgii
Published: June 2021

The review examines the concept of God in Judaism as it is transmitted to the general public. Questions are considered: Who is God, is He knowable, does He have a body? What is His relationship with the world and people.