bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Reaction of Amines with Methyl Propiolate
Authors: Kour Manjinder , Gupta Raakhi , Bansal Raj K.
Published: September 2017

Michael addition of secondary amines, R1R2NH to methyl propiolate occurs with complete stereoselectivity to give trans‐methyl β‐aminoacrylate in 71–91% yields. The reaction with benzylamine, however, leads to the formation of a mixture of the corresponding trans‐ and cis‐isomers in 26:74% respectively as indicated by 1H NMR. A theoretical investigation of the model reactions at the DFT level reveals that the reaction occurs in two steps, the first step leading to the formation of a zwitterionic intermediate being rate determining. Furthermore, formation of an initial reactant‐complex of methyl propiolate with a molecule of amine followed by the nucleophilic attack of the amine is a lower energy path than the one followed by direct reaction between the two reactants. The low activation enthalpies, ▵H# (ca. 12–20 kcal mol−1) in the gas phase are further lowered (ca. 7–15 kcal mol−1) in methylene chloride. The initially formed zwitterionic intermediate undergoes 1,3‐prototropic shift through a bridge established by a molecule of amine between the donor (+NH) and the acceptor (−C2) sites. In the reaction with benzylamine, theoretical calculations indicate the cis‐isomer to be thermodynamically more stable than the trans‐isomer by 0.5 kcal mol−1 which corresponds to 70% of the former. Furthermore, existence of the “enamine‐imine‐enamine” phenomenon is established theoretically, which facilitates trans‐cis isomerization.
H2O2 and HO− Solvation Dynamics: Solute Capabilities and Solute‐Solvent Molecular Interactions
Authors: Chen Jiasheng S. , Yao Chuang , Liu Xinjuan J. , Zhang Xi , Sun Chang Q. , Huang Yongli L.
Published: September 2017

We show spectrometrically that H2O2 and HO− solvation resolves the H−O stretching vibration from the mode of the ordinary water centered at ∼3200 cm−1 to its below by O:⇔:O compression. An excessive mode due H2O2 solute appears at ∼ 3550 cm−1 and due HO− at ∼3610 cm−1, which features the effect of molecular solute bond‐order deficiency. The O:⇔:O compression has the same effect to applied pressure that elongates the solvent H−O bond and shortens the O:H nonbond. The H2O2 is less than the HO− capable of raising the surface stress and transforming the fraction of the H−O bonds because of the involvement of solute‐solute interactions.
An Expeditious Approach to α,α‐Dihalo‐α′‐acetoxyketones from Propargylic Acetates
Authors: Sadhukhan Santu , Baire Beeraiah
Published: September 2017

A Regioselective and efficient synthesis of α,α‐diiodo‐α′‐acetoxyketones as well as α,α‐dibromo‐α′ ‐acetoxyketones has been achieved from the propargylic acetates and N‐iodo(bromo)succinimides in the absence of any added promoters. This transformation is very general and shown compatibility for all structural types of propargylic acetates with terminal alkyne unit, such as tertiary‐ (aryl‐aryl; aryl‐alkyl; alkyl‐alkyl), secondary‐ (aryl; alkyl), primary‐; and hence provided access to structurally divergent and highly important halogenated building blocks.
AgI Nanoparticles Evenly Dispersed on 2D Porous Bi5O7I Sheets: Simple Synthesis and Excellent Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Ma Jinying , Shi Lei , Yao Lizhu , Wang Zhimeng , Lu Caiyun , Qi Wei , Su Dangsheng
Published: September 2017

A series of Bi5O7I/AgI composites were successfully prepared by the co‐precipitation method. Their feature and chemical structure were well characterized. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light. Experimental results indicated that the sizes of AgI exhibited obviously decrease through dispersing on the surface of Bi5O7I, and the as‐prepared Bi5O7I/AgI composites revealed better photocatalytic activities for the degradation of RhB than separate Bi5O7I and AgI. When the mass rate of Bi5O7I in Bi5O7I/AgI composites was 40%, the as‐prepared Bi5O7I/AgI (40 wt%) composites exhibited the optimum photocatalytic activity for degrading RhB, which was approximately 13 and 2.7 times higher than pure Bi5O7I and AgI, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic performance could be attributed to complementary potentials of conduction band and valence band of Bi5O7I and AgI, which promoted the separation of the photogenerated electrons and holes. Finally, the possible mechanism for the photodegradation reaction over Bi5O7I/AgI composites was proposed.
Mediatorless, Reversible Optical Nanosensor Enabled through Enzymatic Pocket Doping
Authors: Zubkovs Vitalijs , Schuergers Nils , Lambert Benjamin , Ahunbay Esra , Boghossian Ardemis A.
Published: September 2017

Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit intrinsic near‐infrared fluorescence that benefits from indefinite photostability and tissue transparency, offering a promising basis for in vivo biosensing. Existing SWCNT optical sensors that rely on charge transfer for signal transduction often require exogenous mediators that compromise the stability and biocompatibility of the sensors. This study presents a reversible, mediatorless, near‐infrared glucose sensor based on glucose oxidase‐wrapped SWCNTs (GOx‐SWCNTs). GOx‐SWCNTs undergo a selective fluorescence increase in the presence of aldohexoses, with the strongest response toward glucose. When incorporated into a custom‐built membrane device, the sensor demonstrates a monotonic increase in initial response rates with increasing glucose concentrations between 3 × 10−3 and 30 × 10−3m and an apparent Michaelis–Menten constant of KM(app) ≈ 13.9 × 10−3m. A combination of fluorescence, absorption, and Raman spectroscopy measurements suggests a fluorescence enhancement mechanism based on localized enzymatic doping of SWCNT defect sites that does not rely on added mediators. Removal of glucose reverses the doping effects, resulting in full recovery of the fluorescence intensity. The cyclic addition and removal of glucose is shown to successively enhance and recover fluorescence, demonstrating reversibility that serves as a prerequisite for continuous glucose monitoring.
Conformal Coating of Co/N‐Doped Carbon Layers into Mesoporous Silica for Highly Efficient Catalytic Dehydrogenation–Hydrogenation Tandem Reactions
Authors: Zhang Zhujun , Wei Xiangru , Yao Yan , Chen Zhi , Zhang Aijian , Li Wei , Wu Winston Duo , Wu Zhangxiong , Chen Xiao Dong , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: September 2017

To maximize the utilizing efficiency of cobalt (Co) and optimize its catalytic activity and stability, engineering of size and interfacial chemical properties, as well as controllable support are of ultimate importance. Here, the concept of coating uniform thin Co/N‐doped carbon layers into the mesopore surfaces of mesoporous silica is proposed for heterogeneous aqueous catalysis. To approach the target, a one‐step solvent‐free melting‐assisted coating process, i.e., heating a mixture of a cobalt salt, an amino acid (AA), and a mesoporous silica, is developed for the synthesis of mesoporous composites with thin Co/N‐doped carbon layers uniformly coated within mesoporous silica, high surface areas (250–630 m2 g−1), ordered mesopores (7.0–8.4 nm), and high water dispersibility. The strong silica/AA adhesive interactions and AA cohesive interactions direct the uniform coating process. The metal/N coordinating, carbon anchoring, and mesopore confining lead to the formation of tiny Co nanoclusters. The carbon intercalation and N coordination optimize the interfacial properties of Co for catalysis. The optimized catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance for tandem hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and dehydrogenation of NaBH4 with well‐matched reaction kinetics, 100% conversion and selectivity, high turnover frequencies, up to ≈6.06 molnitrobenzene molCo−1 min−1, the highest over transition‐metal catalysts, and excellent stability and magnetic separability.
Atomically Thin Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides for Electrocatalysis and Energy Storage
Authors: Duan Xiaochuan , Xu Jiantie , Wei Zengxi , Ma Jianmin , Guo Shaojun , Liu Huakun , Dou Shixue
Published: September 2017

Since the discovery of graphene in 2004, research on 2D materials has grown rapidly. Compared to their bulk counterparts, 2D atomically thin, layered transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs or MX2) nanosheets exhibit excellent electronic and optical properties, outstanding mechanical flexibility, and exceptional catalytic performance. As a representative of 2D materials, MX2 holds great promise in many potential applications, especially in energy‐related applications. Here, a brief overview of atomically thin layered MX2 nanosheets applied in energy storage and conversion systems is presented. Firstly, the crystal structures and phases, morphologies, and synthesis methods of MX2 are discussed. Sequentially, the achieved progress on atomically thin MX2 in energy‐related applications (i.e., the hydrogen‐evolution reaction, oxygen‐evolution reaction, CO2 electrochemical reduction, electrochemical capacitors, lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, and lithium–sulfur batteries) is systematically discussed. Finally, the conclusions and some prospects regarding atomically thin MX2 for applications in the field of energy‐storage systems are provided.
Preparation of Rutin‐Loaded Starch Nanospheres
Authors: Li Sai , Gu Feng , Gao Qunyu
Published: September 2017

Rutin‐loaded octenylsuccinic anhydride (OSA)–starch nanospheres are successfully prepared by a dialysis embedding method with self‐assembled modified starch nanospheres as the carrier. The modification of the starch is performed using OSA. The formation and characteristics of the rutin‐loaded OSA–starch nanospheres are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The effects of the degree of substitution (DS) in the OSA–starch, the initial water content, and the rutin concentration on the morphology, particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading capacity of the nanospheres are evaluated. The SEM images show that the rutin‐loaded OSA–starch nanospheres, with good spherical shape, are larger than regular OSA–starch nanospheres. The drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and particle size decrease as the degree of substitution or initial water content increases. With an increase of the rutin loading, the drug loading increases, while the encapsulation efficiency and particle size decrease. Rutin is successfully incorporated into the OSA–starch nanospheres. The OSA–starch nanospheres show good sustained release of rutin, providing a theoretical basis for the application of starch nanospheres in the field of medicine.
Optimal WAMS hybrid configuration for voltage stability monitoring application considering the existence of conventional measurement
Authors: Putranto Lesnanto M. , Hara Ryoichi , Kita Hiroyuki , Tanaka Eiichi
Published: September 2017

The supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system is used in power systems worldwide because of its maturity and capability. However, the SCADA system is vulnerable to fast system changes. Wide area monitoring system (WAMS) based on phasor measurement units (PMUs), which requires high investment, is being thought of as one of the solutions in recent power systems. This paper proposes a procedure to upgrade SCADA into WAMS by installing sufficient numbers of additional PMUs without removing conventional measurements from the existing SCADA system. The WAMS hybrid configuration is focused on the optimal PMU placement and state estimation strategy for hybrid PMU–SCADA measurements. The optimal placement of PMUs is subject to the improvement in estimation accuracy. For guaranteeing secure operation, line contingencies and some important buses are considered as subproblems of PMU placement. The state estimation procedure manages the initial state variable and modifies the weighting factor strategy that is suitable for the hybrid system especially during fast system changes. The results show that the proposed WAMS hybrid guarantees better estimation accuracy and faster state estimation process than SCADA in both non‐contingency and contingency conditions. In addition, the WAMS hybrid has the capability to perform preventive strategy for securing voltage stability, which was previously applied in the PMU‐based WAMS system. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Probabilistic dynamic load flow with correlated wind sources
Authors: Bie Pei , Zhang Buhan , Lu Guojun , Deng Weisi , Wang Yong , Luan Le , Li Hang , Chen Guoyan
Published: September 2017

Correlation among different wind sources brings great challenge to probabilistic load flow (PLF) calculation, especially when different wind sources are not normal jointed. In addition, the fluctuation of wind energy output will aggravate the variation of the system unbalanced power, which makes it inappropriate to allocate all unbalanced power to a slack bus. In order to overcome the drawbacks of the existing methods, a probabilistic dynamic load flow (PDLF) model based on the joint‐moments method (JMM) is proposed. Different from the existing approaches, JMM can deal with different correlations among wind sources, which do not limit to normal jointed ones. Furthermore, this model can take the influence of the static power–frequency characteristic (SPFC) of generators and load into consideration, through which the probability distribution of the system frequency can also be obtained. The proposed algorithm was proved to be effective and accurate by applying it to the IEEE 30‐bus system and the IEEE 300‐bus system. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mixed probabilistic and interval optimal power flow considering uncertain wind power and dispatchable load
Authors: Guo Xiaoxuan , Gong Renxi , Bao Haibo
Published: September 2017

Considering uncertain wind power and dispatchable load, a mixed probabilistic and interval optimal power flow model is proposed, and Monte Carlo sampling and affine arithmetic method are used to solve it. First, an uncertain optimal power flow model with mixed probabilistic variables and interval variables is established by expressing the uncertain dispatchable load as the interval model and the uncertain wind speed and node load as the probabilistic model. Then Monte Carlo sampling is used to sample the probabilistic variables in the proposed model. By this way, the mixed probabilistic and interval optimal power flow can be transformed into interval optimal power flow with sampling points, and the interval optimal power flow of each sampling point can be solved by the affine arithmetic method. Finally, a maximum probability density function and a minimum probability density function are synthesized based on the interval extremum of unknown variables in optimal power flow for each sampling point. The numerical results obtained by the IEEE‐118 and IEEE‐300 bus systems show that the mixed probabilistic and interval optimal power flow model has the merits of handling the problem including both probabilistic variables and interval variables at the same time, obtaining the probabilistic interval of optimal power flow with any value and learning the maximum probability and minimum probability of the power system's possible operating status. The proposed algorithm has the advantage of high solution efficiency. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Adjustment in international work contexts: Insights from self‐initiated expatriates in academia
Authors: Agha‐Alikhani Barbara
Published: September 2017

This article uses an international sample of self‐initiated academics (SIAs) in a Danish business school to explore the stance of SIAs in international work contexts towards adjustment. Building on longitudinal data this contextualized case study gives insights into the specific case of SIAs' perception and perceived relevance of adjustment processes. We present the findings regarding definitions, domains and relevance of adjustment, the temporality and subjectivity of adjustment and the specificities of adjustment in the academic context. The findings show that adjustment was relevant to all of the respondents but with a clear focus on the work domain. Furthermore, we found that subjective adjustment pressure increased over time and that the decision to go abroad was clearly related to the necessities of the occupational context. Based on the qualitative findings, a set of propositions for future research is developed that can be investigated in future studies in order to enhance the understanding of adjustment in today's diverse global mobility contexts.
Schizophrenia and the neurodevelopmental continuum:evidence from genomics
Authors: Owen Michael J. , O'Donovan Michael C.
Published: September 2017

The idea that disturbances occurring early in brain development contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, often referred to as the neurodevelopmental hypothesis, has become widely accepted. Despite this, the disorder is viewed as being distinct nosologically, and by implication pathophysiologically and clinically, from syndromes such as autism spectrum disorders, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and intellectual disability, which typically present in childhood and are grouped together as “neurodevelopmental disorders”. An alternative view is that neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, rather than being etiologically discrete entities, are better conceptualized as lying on an etiological and neurodevelopmental continuum, with the major clinical syndromes reflecting the severity, timing and predominant pattern of abnormal brain development and resulting functional abnormalities. It has also been suggested that, within the neurodevelopmental continuum, severe mental illnesses occupy a gradient of decreasing neurodevelopmental impairment as follows: intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, ADHD, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Recent genomic studies have identified large numbers of specific risk DNA changes and offer a direct and robust test of the predictions of the neurodevelopmental continuum model and gradient hypothesis. These findings are reviewed in detail. They not only support the view that schizophrenia is a disorder whose origins lie in disturbances of brain development, but also that it shares genetic risk and pathogenic mechanisms with the early onset neurodevelopmental disorders (intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders and ADHD). They also support the idea that these disorders lie on a gradient of severity, implying that they differ to some extent quantitatively as well as qualitatively. These findings have important implications for nosology, clinical practice and research.
Improving outcomes of first‐episode psychosis: an overview
Authors: Fusar‐Poli Paolo , McGorry Patrick D. , Kane John M.
Published: September 2017

Outcomes of psychotic disorders are associated with high personal, familiar, societal and clinical burden. There is thus an urgent clinical and societal need for improving those outcomes. Recent advances in research knowledge have opened new opportunities for ameliorating outcomes of psychosis during its early clinical stages. This paper critically reviews these opportunities, summarizing the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge and focusing on recent discoveries and future avenues for first episode research and clinical interventions. Candidate targets for primary universal prevention of psychosis at the population level are discussed. Potentials offered by primary selective prevention in asymptomatic subgroups (stage 0) are presented. Achievements of primary selected prevention in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (stage 1) are summarized, along with challenges and limitations of its implementation in clinical practice. Early intervention and secondary prevention strategies at the time of a first episode of psychosis (stage 2) are critically discussed, with a particular focus on minimizing the duration of untreated psychosis, improving treatment response, increasing patients’ satisfaction with treatment, reducing illicit substance abuse and preventing relapses. Early intervention and tertiary prevention strategies at the time of an incomplete recovery (stage 3) are further discussed, in particular with respect to addressing treatment resistance, improving well‐being and social skills with reduction of burden on the family, treatment of comorbid substance use, and prevention of multiple relapses and disease progression. In conclusion, to improve outcomes of a complex, heterogeneous syndrome such as psychosis, it is necessary to globally adopt complex models integrating a clinical staging framework and coordinated specialty care programmes that offer pre‐emptive interventions to high‐risk groups identified across the early stages of the disorder. Only a systematic implementation of these models of care in the national health care systems will render these strategies accessible to the 23 million people worldwide suffering from the most severe psychiatric disorders.
Hyperuricemia is Associated with Increased Apo AI Fractional Catabolic Rates and Dysfunctional HDL in New Zealand Rabbits
Authors: Martínez‐Ramírez Miriam , Flores‐Castillo Cristóbal , Sánchez‐Lozada L. Gabriela , Bautista‐Pérez Rocío , Carreón‐Torres Elizabeth , Fragoso José Manuel , Rodriguez‐Pérez José Manuel , García‐Arroyo Fernando E. , López‐Olmos Victoria , Luna‐Luna María , Vargas‐Alarcón Gilberto , Franco Martha , Pérez‐Méndez Oscar
Published: September 2017

The potential cause–effect relationship between uric acid plasma concentrations and HDL functionality remains elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of oxonic acid (OA)‐induced hyperuricemia on the HDL size distribution, lipid content of HDL subclasses, and apo AI turnover, as well as HDL functionality in New Zealand white rabbits. Experimental animals received OA 750 mg/kg/day by oral gavage during 21 days. The HDL‐apo AI fractional catabolic rate (FCR) was determined by exogenous labeling with 125I, and HDL subclasses were determined by sequential ultracentrifugation and PAGE. Paraoxonase‐1 activity (PON‐1) and the effect of HDL on relaxation of aorta rings in vitro were determined as an indication of HDL functionality. Oxonic acid induced a sixfold increase of uricemia (0.84 ± 0.06 vs. 5.24 ± 0.12 mg/dL, P < 0.001), and significant decreases of triglycerides and phospholipids of HDL subclasses, whereas HDL size distribution and HDL‐cholesterol remained unchanged. In addition, HDL‐apo AI FCR was significantly higher in hyperuricemic rabbits than in the control group (0.03697 ± 0.0038 vs. 0.02605 ± 0.0017 h−1 respectively, P < 0.05). Such structural and metabolic changes were associated with lower levels of PON‐1 activities and deleterious effects of HDL particles on endothelium‐mediated vasodilation. In conclusion, hyperuricemia is associated with structural and metabolic modifications of HDL that result in impaired functionality of these lipoproteins. Our data strongly suggest that uric acid per se exerts deleterious effects on HDL that contribute to increase the risk of atherosclerosis.
Oxidative Stability and Volatile Formations in Linoleic Acid‐D2O Models in the Presence of Deuteron or Electron Donors
Authors: Oh Sumi , Lee Chankyu , Kim SungHwa , Choi HyungSeok , Kim Mi‐Ja , Lee JaeHwan
Published: September 2017

Effects of deuteron (D+) and electron donors on the oxidative stability in linoleic acid–water model systems were evaluated by analyzing headspace oxygen content and headspace volatiles. Acetic acid‐d and tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE) were selected as a deuteron and an electron donor, respectively. Samples containing acetic acid‐d had significantly lower headspace oxygen content than controls while those containing TDAE had significantly higher headspace oxygen content (p < 0.05). Combination of acetic acid‐d and TDAE accelerated the consumption of headspace oxygen. Volatiles including t‐2‐heptenal, 2‐octenal, or 2,4‐octadienal had higher mass to charge ratio (m/z) of (molecular weight +1)/molecular weight in samples with deuterium oxide than in samples with deuterium free water. However, no significant difference was observed in the m/z ratio of (molecular weight +1)/molecular weight of those volatiles among samples with or without deuteron or electron donors. Also, lipid hydroperoxides with deuterium, were not found in samples containing deuterium oxide and acetic acid‐d. Therefore, added acetic acid‐d may not be involved on the formation of lipid hydroperoxides and volatiles directly.
Singular integrals and a problem on mixing flows
Authors: Hadžić Mahir , Seeger Andreas , Smart Charles K. , Street Brian
Published: September 2017

We prove a result related to Bressan's mixing problem. We establish an inequality for the change of Bianchini semi-norms of characteristic functions under the flow generated by a divergence free time dependent vector field. The approach leads to a bilinear singular integral operator for which we prove bounds on Hardy spaces. We include additional observations about the approach and a discrete toy version of Bressan's problem.
Obesity trajectories and risk of dementia: 28 years of follow‐up in the Whitehall II Study
Authors: Singh‐Manoux Archana , Dugravot Aline , Shipley Martin , Brunner Eric J. , Elbaz Alexis , Sabia Séverine , Kivimaki Mika
Published: September 2017

Introduction

We examined whether obesity at ages 50, 60, and 70 years is associated with subsequent dementia. Changes in body mass index (BMI) for more than 28 years before dementia diagnosis were compared with changes in BMI in those free of dementia.

Methods

A total of 10,308 adults (33% women) aged 35 to 55 years in 1985 were followed up until 2015. BMI was assessed six times and 329 cases of dementia were recorded.

Results

Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) at age 50 years (hazard ratio = 1.93; 1.35–2.75) but not at 60 or 70 years was associated with risk of dementia. Trajectories of BMI differed in those with dementia compared with all others (P < .0001) or to matched control subjects (P < .0001) such that BMI in dementia cases was higher from 28 years (P = .001) to 16 years (P = .05) and lower starting 8 years before diagnosis.

Discussion

Obesity in midlife and weight loss in the preclinical phase characterizes dementia; the current obesity epidemic may affect future dementia rates.
A Guide to Inpatient Cancer Rehabilitation: Focusing on Patient Selection and Evidence‐Based Outcomes
Authors: Fu Jack B. , Raj Vishwa S. , Guo Ying
Published: September 2017

Cancer inpatients commonly suffer from impairments that can prohibit safe discharge home from the acute care inpatient medical service and thus require transfer to a postacute inpatient rehabilitation facility. It has been demonstrated in multiple studies that cancer rehabilitation inpatients are able to make statistically significant functional improvements and at a similar pace as their noncancer counterparts. Medical fragility and reimbursement regulations are concerns that affect acceptance and triage of cancer rehabilitation inpatients. Strategies to rehabilitate these challenging patients include considering risk factors for medical complications, consult‐based inpatient rehabilitation, and improved communication and coordination with oncology teams.
The Underutilization of Rehabilitation to Treat Physical Impairments in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Stubblefield Michael D.
Published: September 2017

Breast cancer survivors can experience multiple neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, pain, and functional disorders as a result of their cancer and its treatment. Common disorders include shoulder dysfunction, postmastectomy syndrome, chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy, axillary cording, lymphedema, and a host of others. Cancer rehabilitation is a process that helps breast cancer and other survivors to obtain and maintain the highest possible physical, social, psychological, and vocational functioning within the limits created by cancer and its treatments. There are good data supporting the safety and efficacy of cancer rehabilitation in the treatment of many breast cancer−related impairments, including shoulder dysfunction and lymphedema, among others. Despite the goals and efficacy of cancer rehabilitation, there is a marked underuse of services. The reasons for this phenomenon are many, but broadly result from a lack of knowledge about cancer rehabilitation on the part of patients and referring clinicians, limited access to services, and suboptimal adherence. This article explores underutilization of cancer rehabilitation in breast cancer survivors and provides an opportunity to consider ways to improve this gap in care.
A Focused Review of Safety Considerations in Cancer Rehabilitation
Authors: Maltser Susan , Cristian Adrian , Silver Julie K. , Morris G. Stephen , Stout Nicole L.
Published: September 2017

Cancer and its treatments introduce various adverse effects that may affect survivors' physical, cognitive and psychological functioning. Frequently both tolerance to activity and exercise are affected as well. Rehabilitation providers should have substantive knowledge about the effect of cancer progression and common side effects associated with antineoplastic treatment to safely integrate rehabilitation interventions. Rehabilitation may mitigate loss of function and disability; however, these patients are among the most medically complex that providers treat. This report provides a focused review that synthesizes the current evidence regarding disease progression and oncology‐directed treatment side effects within the context of safety considerations for rehabilitation interventions throughout the continuum of cancer care. Descriptive information regarding the evidence for precautions and contraindications is provided so that rehabilitation providers can promote a safe plan of rehabilitation care. It is incumbent upon but also challenging for rehabilitation providers to stay up to date on the many advances in cancer treatment, and there are many gaps in the literature regarding safety issues. Although further research is needed to inform care, this review provides clinicians with a framework to assess patients with the goal of safely initiating rehabilitation interventions.
Endoscopic and minimally‐invasive ear surgery: A path to better outcomes
Authors: Pollak Natasha
Published: September 2017

The development of endoscopic ear surgery techniques promises to change the way we approach ear surgery. In this review paper, we explore the current evidence, seek to determine the advantages of endoscopic ear surgery, and see if these advantages are both measureable and meaningful. The wide field of view of the endoscope allows the surgeon to better visualize the various recesses of the middle ear cleft. Endoscopes make it possible to address the target pathology transcanal, while minimizing dissection or normal tissue done purely for exposure, leading to the evolution of minimally‐invasive ear surgery and reducing morbidity. When used in chronic ear surgery, endoscopy appears to have the potential to significantly reduce cholesteatoma recidivism rates. Using endoscopes as an adjunct can increase the surgeon's confidence in total cholesteatoma removal. By doing so, endoscopes reduce the need to reopen the mastoid during second‐look surgery, help preserve the canal wall, or even change post‐cholesteatoma follow‐up protocols by channeling more patients away from a planned second‐look.
Quality improvement primer part 2: executing a quality improvement project in the emergency department
Authors: Chartier Lucas B. , Stang Antonia S. , Vaillancourt Samuel , Cheng Amy H. Y.
Published: September 2017

The topics of quality improvement (QI) and patient safety have become important themes in health care in recent years, particularly in the emergency department setting, which is a frequent point of contact with the health care system for patients. In the first of three articles in this series meant as a QI primer for emergency medicine clinicians, we introduced the strategic planning required to develop an effective QI project using a fictional case study as an example. In this second article we continue with our example of improving time to antibiotics for patients with sepsis, and introduce the Model for Improvement. We will review what makes a good aim statement, the various categories of measures that can be tracked during a QI project, and the relative merits and challenges of potential change concepts and ideas. We will also present the Model for Improvement’s rapid-cycle change methodology, the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle. The final article in this series will focus on the evaluation and sustainability of QI projects.
Elastohydrodynamic wake and wave resistance
Authors: Arutkin Maxence , Ledesma-Alonso René , Salez Thomas , Raphaël Élie
Published: September 2017

The dynamics of a thin elastic sheet lubricated by a narrow layer of liquid is relevant to various situations and length scales. As a continuation of our previous work on viscous wakes (Ledesma-Alonsoet al.,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 792, 2016, pp. 829–849), we study theoretically the effects of an external pressure disturbance moving at constant speed along the surface of a thin lubricated elastic sheet. In the comoving frame, the imposed pressure field creates a stationary deformation of the free interface that spatially vanishes in the far-field region. The shape of the wake and the way it decays depend on the speed and size of the external disturbance, as well as the rheological properties of both the elastic and liquid layers. The wave resistance, namely the force that has to be externally furnished in order to maintain the wake, is analysed in detail.
Force moments of an active particle in a complex fluid
Authors: Elfring Gwynn J.
Published: September 2017

A generalized reciprocal theorem is formulated for the motion and hydrodynamic force moments of an active particle in an arbitrary background flow of a (weakly nonlinear) complex fluid. This formalism includes as special cases a number of previous calculations of the motion of both passive and active particles in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids.
Self-Image and the Father-Figure: Rabbi Nachman of Breslov on Repairing the Souls of the Dead
Authors: Kauffman Tsippi
Published: September 2017

The Ba‘al Shem Tov, founder of Hasidism (known by the acronym, the “BeShT”), was a charismatic teacher with extraordinary impact. While hasidic traditions record his vehement opposition to documentation of his teachings, his disciples nevertheless wrote what they remembered, and hasidic literature is suffused with traditions about him and conveyed by him.
Pricing American call options under a hard-to-borrow stock model
Authors: MA GUIYUAN , ZHU SONG-PING
Published: September 2017

While a classic result by Merton (1973,Bell J. Econ. Manage. Sci., 141–183) is that one should never exercise an American call option just before expiration if the underlying stock pays no dividends, the conclusion of a very recent empirical study conducted by Jensen and Pedersen (2016,J. Financ. Econ.121(2), 278–299) suggests that one should ‘never say never’. This paper complements Jensen and Pedersen's empirical study by presenting a theoretical study on how to price American call options under a hard-to-borrow stock model proposed by Avellaneda and Lipkin (2009,Risk22(6), 92–97). Our study confirms that it is the lending fee that results in the early exercise of American call options and we shall also demonstrate to what extent lending fees have affected the early exercise decision.
Ethical and Legal Implications of the Methodological Crisis in Neuroimaging
Authors: KELLMEYER PHILIPP
Published: September 2017

Currently, many scientific fields such as psychology or biomedicine face a methodological crisis concerning the reproducibility, replicability, and validity of their research. In neuroimaging, similar methodological concerns have taken hold of the field, and researchers are working frantically toward finding solutions for the methodological problems specific to neuroimaging. This article examines some ethical and legal implications of this methodological crisis in neuroimaging. With respect to ethical challenges, the article discusses the impact of flawed methods in neuroimaging research in cognitive and clinical neuroscience, particularly with respect to faulty brain-based models of human cognition, behavior, and personality. Specifically examined is whether such faulty models, when they are applied to neurological or psychiatric diseases, could put patients at risk, and whether this places special obligations on researchers using neuroimaging. In the legal domain, the actual use of neuroimaging as evidence in United States courtrooms is surveyed, followed by an examination of ways that the methodological problems may create challenges for the criminal justice system. Finally, the article reviews and promotes some promising ideas and initiatives from within the neuroimaging community for addressing the methodological problems.
Emigrants and Mestizos in Twenty-first Century Europe
Authors: Gnisci Armando
Published: September 2017

By the end of this century the majority of the European population will consist of ‘mestizos’. The majority of western intellectuals and politicians are still unprepared for this imminent change that will introduce a new Europe shaped by immigrants and mestizos. This essay seeks to reflect upon the possible implications in building a new twenty-first century Europe by approaching the issue through a historical and theoretical lens. I conclude by reflecting on the coming of millions of immigrants to Europe. This new quasi-European group is creating the melting pot of the twenty-first century, which I see as a eutopic project. Eutopia involves the idea of a just place where we can all live well together, and it offers us hope and a viable way to approach the impending European Transculturation. Overall, this article considers the phenomenon of European immigration in a constructive way, because immigrants and mestizos offer us the important possibility of a Europe decolonized from ourselves and together with them.
The Measurement of Variability and Change in Life	Satisfaction
Authors: Gnambs Timo , Buntins Katja
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In many large-scale surveys, life satisfaction is measured with a single item. Little is known about how sensitive single-item instruments react to changes across time or in the face of critical life events. The present study draws on a Dutch sample of N = 4,034 participants who were administered three different single items and an established multi-item instrument at four annual surveys within 6 years. An indicator-specific latent state-trait growth model was employed to estimate the agreement in change coefficients for the different instruments. The results indicated that single items estimated a similar developmental decline in life satisfaction across the life course as multi-item scales, but they were less sensitive to the loss of paid work. Interindividual differences in intraindividual change were better captured with multiple items. Moreover, single items reflected occasion-specific variance to a larger degree than longer scales. In addition, occasion-specific effects were larger among younger respondents as compared to older age groups. Therefore, single items appear to represent valid measures for the estimation of the average change in life satisfaction within a sample. However, they might exhibit a low power to detect moderating influences on the estimated change trajectories and capture less trait variance than multi-item scales.
A Continuous-Time Mixture Latent-State-Trait Markov Model for	Experience Sampling Data
Authors: Crayen Claudia , Eid Michael , Lischetzke Tanja , Vermunt Jeroen K.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In psychological research, statistical models of latent state-trait (LST) theory are popular for the analysis of longitudinal data. We identify several limitations of available models when applied to intensive longitudinal data with categorical observed and latent variables and inter- and intraindividually varying time intervals. As an extension of available LST models for categorical data, we describe a general mixed continuous-time LST model that is suitable for intensive longitudinal data with unobserved heterogeneity and individually varying time intervals. This model is illustrated by an application to momentary mood data that were collected in an experience sampling study (N = 164). In addition, the results of a simulation study are reported that was conducted to find out (a) the minimal data requirements with respect to sample size and number of occasions, and (b) how strong the bias is if the continuous-time structure is ignored. The empirical application revealed two classes for which the transition pattern and effects of time-varying covariates differ. In the simulation study, only small differences between the continuous-time model and its discrete-time counterpart emerged. Sample sizes N = 100 and larger in combination with six or more occasions of measurement tended to produce reliable estimation results. Implications of the models for future research are discussed.
The Look of Tiredness
Authors: Berberich Jonathan , Leitner Rodney
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The present study explores the usefulness of a method to evaluate pilot fatigue based on video recordings. This technique is already being successfully applied in the field of driver fatigue evaluations. Still, to date, there is no known application concerning pilot fatigue. A sample of five trained raters evaluated four active airline pilots on simulated flights using a 9-point fatigue rating scale. The rating scale was adjusted for the aviation context and features 10 subscales relating to different indicators for fatigue. Interrater agreement and reliability, as well as intrarater and retest reliability, were assessed. The results indicate good reliability of the method and medium rater agreement. Raters seem to have established a good mental model of fatigue, leading to consistent evaluations. However, there are also individual rating tendencies as well as the influence of sample characteristics.
Faults off Alaska Look Akin to Those Behind 2011 Japan Disaster
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: September 2017

In a seismically quiet segment of Alaska’s subduction zone lie faults with structures similar to those of the system that caused the deadly Tohoku earthquake and tsunami.
New Earth and Space Science Preprint Server to Be Launched
Authors: McEntee Chris
Published: September 2017

An international advisory board drawn from geoscience societies will guide the project initiated by the American Geophysical Union.
Cascading effects of thermally-induced anemone bleaching on associated anemonefish hormonal stress response and reproduction
Authors: Beldade Ricardo , Blandin Agathe , O’Donnell Rory , Mills Suzanne C.
Published: September 2017

Organisms can behaviorally, physiologically, and morphologically adjust to environmental variation via integrative hormonal mechanisms, ultimately allowing animals to cope with environmental change. The stress response to environmental and social changes commonly promotes survival at the expense of reproduction. However, despite climate change impacts on population declines and diversity loss, few studies have attributed hormonal stress responses, or their regulatory effects, to climate change in the wild. Here, we report hormonal and fitness responses of individual wild fish to a recent large-scale sea warming event that caused widespread bleaching on coral reefs. This 14-month monitoring study shows a strong correlation between anemone bleaching (zooxanthellae loss), anemonefish stress response, and reproductive hormones that decreased fecundity by 73%. These findings suggest that hormone stress responses play a crucial role in changes to population demography following climate change and plasticity in hormonal responsiveness may be a key mechanism enabling individual acclimation to climate change.
The WHHERE coactivator complex is required for retinoic acid-dependent regulation of embryonic symmetry
Authors: Vilhais-Neto Gonçalo C. , Fournier Marjorie , Plassat Jean-Luc , Sardiu Mihaela E. , Saraf Anita , Garnier Jean-Marie , Maruhashi Mitsuji , Florens Laurence , Washburn Michael P. , Pourquié Olivier
Published: September 2017

Bilateral symmetry is a striking feature of the vertebrate body plan organization. Vertebral precursors, called somites, provide one of the best illustrations of embryonic symmetry. Maintenance of somitogenesis symmetry requires retinoic acid (RA) and its coactivator Rere/Atrophin2. Here, using a proteomic approach we identify a protein complex, containing Wdr5, Hdac1, Hdac2 and Rere (named WHHERE), which regulates RA signaling and controls embryonic symmetry. We demonstrate that Wdr5, Hdac1, and Hdac2 are required for RA signaling in vitro and in vivo. Mouse mutants for Wdr5 and Hdac1 exhibit asymmetrical somite formation characteristic of RA-deficiency. We also identify the Rere-binding histone methyltransferase Ehmt2/G9a, as a RA coactivator controlling somite symmetry. Upon RA treatment, WHHERE and Ehmt2 become enriched at RA target genes to promote RNA polymerase II recruitment. Our work identifies a protein complex linking key epigenetic regulators acting in the molecular control of embryonic bilateral symmetry.
A general mechanism of ribosome dimerization revealed by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy
Authors: Franken Linda E. , Oostergetel Gert T. , Pijning Tjaard , Puri Pranav , Arkhipova Valentina , Boekema Egbert J. , Poolman Bert , Guskov Albert
Published: September 2017

Bacteria downregulate their ribosomal activity through dimerization of 70S ribosomes, yielding inactive 100S complexes. In Escherichia coli, dimerization is mediated by the hibernation promotion factor (HPF) and ribosome modulation factor. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy study on 100S ribosomes from Lactococcus lactis and a dimerization mechanism involving a single protein: HPFlong. The N-terminal domain of HPFlong binds at the same site as HPF in Escherichia coli 100S ribosomes. Contrary to ribosome modulation factor, the C-terminal domain of HPFlong binds exactly at the dimer interface. Furthermore, ribosomes from Lactococcus lactis do not undergo conformational changes in the 30S head domains upon binding of HPFlong, and the Shine–Dalgarno sequence and mRNA entrance tunnel remain accessible. Ribosome activity is blocked by HPFlong due to the inhibition of mRNA recognition by the platform binding center. Phylogenetic analysis of HPF proteins suggests that HPFlong-mediated dimerization is a widespread mechanism of ribosome hibernation in bacteria.
MRAP2 regulates ghrelin receptor signaling and hunger sensing
Authors: Srisai Dollada , Yin Terry C. , Lee Abigail A. , Rouault Alix A. J. , Pearson Nicole A. , Grobe Justin L. , Sebag Julien A.
Published: September 2017

Ghrelin is the only known circulating orexigenic hormone. It is primarily secreted by the stomach and acts at its receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a), in the hypothalamus to signal hunger and promote food intake. The melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2) was previously shown to regulate energy homeostasis through the modulation of the activity of the melanocortin-4 receptor and prokineticin receptors. In this study we identify MRAP2 as a partner of ghrelin-GHSR1a signaling. We show that MRAP2 interacts with GHSR1a and potentiates ghrelin-stimulated signaling both in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that in the absence of MRAP2, fasting fails to activate agouti-related protein neurons. In addition, we show that the orexigenic effect of ghrelin is lost in mice lacking MRAP2. Our results suggest that MRAP2 is an important modulator of the energy homeostasis machinery that operates through the regulation of multiple GPCRs throughout the hypothalamus.