bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control charts for some discrete and continuous distributions
Authors: Δεμερτζή Ελισάβετ
Published: February 2025

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή ασχολείται με διαγράμματα ελέγχου για μεμονωμένες παρατηρήσεις από μη συμμετρικές κατανομές για τις οποίες τα διαγράμματα ελέγχου δεν έχουν κατασκευαστεί ή ερευνηθεί αρκετά στη σχετική βιβλιογραφία του Στατιστικού Ελέγχου Ποιότητας, παρόλο που έχουν πολλές εφαρμογές σε διάφορα πεδία στην καθημερινή μας ζωή. Παραδείγματα της πρώτης περίπτωσης είναι η Λογαριθμική κατανομή, η κατανομή Lindley και οι σχετικές με αυτήν κατανομές, ενώ μια περίπτωση που ανήκει στη δεύτερη κατηγορία είναι η κατανομή Pareto. Αυτή η διδακτορική διατριβή είναι μια προσπάθεια να συμπληρωθεί αυτό το κενό στη βιβλιογραφία. Το πρώτο μέρος της διατριβής παρουσιάζει εισαγωγές στα διαγράμματα ελέγχου αλλά και στις προαναφερθείσες κατανομές καθώς και τη χρησιμότητα των διαγραμμάτων για μεμονωμένες παρατηρήσεις. Στο δεύτερο μέρος κατασκευάζονται διαγράμματα ελέγχου για μεμονωμένες παρατηρήσεις από την αρχική μονοπαραμετρική κατανομή Lindley και μια διπαραμετρική μορφή της, καθώς και για τη Λογαριθμική κατανομή και την κατανομή Pareto I. Η κατασκευή του καθενός από αυτά τα διαγράμματα γίνεται αρχικά με όρια ελέγχου που βασίζονται στην πιθανότητα σφάλματος τύπου Ι. Στη συνέχεια, κατασκευάζονται διαγράμματα ελέγχου τύπου Shewhart καθώς και EWMA διαγράμματα για μεμονωμένες παρατηρήσεις χρησιμοποιώντας δύο διαφορετικές μεθόδους διόρθωσης ασυμμετρίας (μιας και όλες οι κατανομές που μας απασχολούν είναι μη συμμετρικές) έτσι ώστε να βελτιωθεί η συμπεριφορά των προτεινόμενων διαγραμμάτων.Οι συμπεριφορές όλων των διαγραμμάτων ερευνούνται και συγκρίνονται μεταξύ τους σε σχέση με το μέσο μήκος ροής (ARL) και γίνεται επίδειξη αυτής της συμπεριφοράς μέσω προσομoιωμένων αλλά και πραγματικών δεδομένων. Συμπεράσματα και προτάσεις για περαιτέρω έρευνα παρέχονται επίσης στο τελευταίο κεφάλαιο αυτής της διατριβής.
Mapping barriers, enablers and implementation determinants to shared models of care for physical health and sexual wellbeing among young people with mental health difficulties using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Gallant Allyson J , Lyne John Paul , O'Connor Karen , Sheaf Greg , Anand-Vembar Shaakya , O'Keeffe Donal , Wilson Caroline , Kartalova- O'Doherty Yulia , Doyle Louise , Cannon Mary , Ryan Leona , Donohoe Gary , McEvoy David , Cotter David , Longe Olivia , McDonald Colm , Higgins Agnes , Murphy Rebecca , Burke Sara , Darker Catherine D
Published: February 2025

Background Approximately one in eight people live with mental health difficulties, with onset commonly occurring in youth. It is critical to ensure care addresses all aspects of health, including physical health and sexual wellbeing needs, to achieve positive recovery outcomes. Connecting primary and secondary healthcare providers and service users through shared models of care is a critical aspect of this. The objectives of this scoping review will be to 1) identify and describe the implementation of shared models of care which address the mental health of young people and their physical health and/or sexual wellbeing needs, and 2) identify the determinants of implementing these models of care. Protocol Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, studies will be included if they describe shared models of care for young people (aged 10–25) in any healthcare setting, specifically addressing mental health and physical health or sexual wellbeing needs. The review will employ the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to organise and assess findings. A librarian developed the search strategy, which will be applied to Web of Science, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts and full texts, followed by data extraction and critical appraisal of included studies. Discrepancies at all stages will be resolved through discussion or by a third reviewer. Screening results will be summarised in a PRISMA flow diagram. Narrative summaries, supported by tables and figures where applicable, will address the review’s objectives. Findings will undergo thematic analysis, with implementation determinants mapped deductively to CFIR. Discussion Findings will inform the adaptation of implementation strategies to support the implementation of policy for improving healthcare delivery to young people with mental health difficulties. Registration Open Science Framework (osf.io/rj783).
Study protocol for an observational cohort study of heat stress impacts in pregnancy in The Gambia, West Africa
Authors: Bonell Ana , G. Ioannou Leonidas , Sesay Abdul , A. Murray Kris , Bah Bubacarr , Jeffries David , E. Moore Sophie , Vicero-Cabrera Ana , S Maxwell Neil , E Hirst Jane , Tan Cally , Saucy Apolline , Watters Dorothy , Sonko Bakary , Okoh Emmanuel , Idris Yahaya , Oluwatosin Adefila Williams , Manneh Jarra , Leigh-Nabou Mam , Bojang Sainabou , Flouris Andreas , Haines Andy , Prentice Andrew , N Sferruzzi-Perri Amanda
Published: February 2025

Climate change has resulted in an increase in heat exposure globally. There is strong evidence that this increased heat stress is associated with poor maternal and fetal outcomes, especially in vulnerable populations. However, there remains poor understanding of the biological pathways and mechanisms involved in the impact of heat in pregnancy. This observational cohort study of 764 pregnant participants based in sub-Saharan Africa, a geographical region at risk of extreme heat events, aims to evaluate the physiological and biochemical changes that occur in pregnancy due to heat stress. The key objectives of the study are to 1) map exposure to heat stress in the cohort and understand what environmental, social and community factors increase the risk of extreme heat exposure; 2) assess the impact of heat stress on maternal health, e.g. heat strain, subjective psychological well-being, sleep and activity level; 3) evaluate how heat stress impacts placenta structure and function; 4) determine how chronic heat exposure impacts birth outcomes; and 5) explore the epigenetic changes in the placenta and infant by heat stress exposure per trimester. Pregnant women will be recruited from two distinct regions in The Gambia to exploit the naturally occurring heat gradient across the country. Microclimate mapping of the area of recruitment will give detailed exposure measurements. Participants will be asked to wear a watch-style device at 28- and 35-weeks gestational age to evaluate maternal heart rate, activity and sleep. At the end of the week, an ultrasound scan will be performed to evaluate fetal size and placental blood flow. At delivery, birth outcomes will be recorded and maternal, placental and cord samples taken for epigenetic, biochemical and histological evaluation. Evaluation of neuro-behaviour and final infant samples will be taken at 1 month following birth.
Evaluating the appropriateness of prescribing antibiotics among persons with HIV (PWH) enrolled in routine cohorts at the Infectious Diseases Institute Clinic, Kampala, Uganda: A study protocol
Authors: Otaalo Brian , Musaazi Joseph , Mwanja Herman , Ngabirano Derek , Kiggundu Reuben , Laker Odongpiny Eva Agnes , Kakooza Francis , Kambugu Andrew , Owarwo Noela C. , Castelnuovo Barbara
Published: February 2025

Introduction Antimicrobial resistance is a global health threat and people living with HIV are at an increased risk. Inappropriate antibiotic use is one of the major driving factors for antimicrobial resistance, and a lot of irrational antibiotic use happens in outpatient clinics. This may be worse in resource-limited settings which face challenges in diagnosis and have drug shortages. There is limited information about the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions and their safety in people living with HIV especially in out-patient settings. Our study aims to assess the appropriateness and safety of antibiotic prescriptions among people living with HIV at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Methods We will conduct a review of medical records (charts and electronic medical records) of persons with HIV attending a tertiary out-patient HIV clinic in Kampala with an antibiotic prescription between January 2016- December 2022. We will stratify and randomly sample charts of patients receiving routine care and those having a visit when they were screened for tuberculosis. We will also include all patients who had visits in the urgent care unit, and visits of pregnant women. We will abstract data from both electrical and paper-based medical records. The appropriateness of an antibiotic prescription will be assessed using Uganda’s clinical guidelines for the corresponding period as a reference. The safety of antibiotic prescriptions in pregnancy will be assessed in line with the Swedish classification system. Patient characteristics at the time of antibiotic prescription will be summarized using descriptive statistics. Appropriateness and safety will be reported as a proportion of overall prescriptions.
The genome sequence of the black scavenger fly, Nemopoda nitidula (Fallén, 1820)
Authors: Falk Steven , Crowley Liam M. , Akinmusola Ruth Y. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2025

We present a genome assembly from an individual specimen of Nemopoda nitidula (Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Sepsidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 178.40 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.2%) is scaffolded into 6 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.98 kilobases in length.
The Genetic Basis of Congenital Cataracts: Advances in Diagnostics and Therapeutics
Authors: Starzyk Agnieszka , Charzewski Piotr
Published: February 2025

Congenital cataracts, a significant cause of childhood blindness, result from genetic mutations, syndromic associations, and environmental factors, with autosomal dominant inheritance and mutations in genes like CRYAA and GJA8 being prevalent. This study reviewed literature from 2000 to 2023 on genetic etiology, surgical management, and emerging therapies. Genetic mutations in structural proteins such as crystallins and connexins account for over half of cases, emphasizing the critical role of early surgical intervention, particularly intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in children over two years old. Emerging approaches, including gene therapy and pharmacological interventions like small-molecule chaperones, hold promise for addressing underlying genetic causes. While surgical techniques and postoperative care have advanced, challenges like complications persist. Advances in genetic testing and innovative therapies are reshaping the field, offering the potential for improved outcomes and personalized treatments. Continued research is necessary to refine these strategies and enhance accessibility globally.
Habilidades en analítica digital como impulsoras de la investigación innovadora en IA: implicaciones para el desarrollo avanzado de talento
Authors: Corrales Liévano Juan David , Reyes Rojas Juan Carlos
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: este estudio explora la relación entre el talento en ciencia de datos y la productividad deinvestigación en inteligencia artificial (IA), utilizando datos del Índice Global de IA 2023 para analizarcómo las habilidades en análisis de datos impulsan la innovación en IA. Metodología: a través de unanálisis comparativo en 44 países, se identificaron patrones significativos que subrayan la importanciade las competencias avanzadas en ciencia de datos para el desarrollo y la innovación en IA. Resultados principales: los resultados destacan correlaciones claras entre la disponibilidad de talento en ciencia de datos y la calidad y cantidad de la producción de investigación en IA, lo que sugiere que fortalecer la educación y la formación en ciencia de datos es crucial para avanzar en el progreso tecnológico en este campo. Conclusiones: este artículo no solo proporciona evidencia empírica sobre el impacto del talento en ciencia de datos en la innovación en IA, sino que también ofrece recomendaciones para políticas y prácticas que pueden fomentar un ecosistema de  IA más dinámico y productivo.
Code and Data Repository for Acuity-Based Allocation of ICU-Downstream Beds with Flexible Staffing
Authors: Valeva Silviya , Pang Guodong , Schaefer Andrew J. , Clermont Gilles
Published: February 2025

The software and data in this repository are a snapshot of the software and data that were used in the research reported on in the paper Acuity-Based Allocation of ICU-Downstream Beds with Flexible Staffing by Valeva, S., Pang, G., Schaefer, A.J. and Clermont, G.
Unraveling an uncommon encounter: hypokalemic periodic paralysis with Brugada phenocopy amidst hypokalemia
Authors: Dankar Razan , Barakat Salim , El-Charabaty Elie , Hashmi Syed Salman Hamid , El Sayegh Suzanne E.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HPP) presents a diagnostic challenge due to the painless muscle weakness it causes. This case discusses a patient with HPP along with electrocardiogram (ECG) findings of Brugada phenocopies (BrP) in the setting of hypokalemia. A review of the literature showed that it is the seventh documented example of BrP induced by hypokalemia alongside HPP. Case description: A 43-year-old man presented to the emergency department with lower limb weakness. He attributed his symptoms to a substantial meal consumed after breaking his Ramadan fast, recalling a similar episode following heavy meals in the past. The patient was alert and oriented but demonstrated reduced strength in both upper and lower limbs. ECG revealed a Brugada type 1 pattern. Laboratory analysis revealed hypokalemia (2.5 mmol/l), elevated creatine kinase (326 U/l), and normal thyroid function. Following potassium supplementation, his symptoms resolved, and his ECG normalized. Discussion: HPP occurs in the context of increased carbohydrate intake, potentially leading to rapid insulin release and activation of Na-K ATPase, enhancing cellular potassium absorption and lowering serum potassium levels. Symptoms range from weakness and fatigue to severe neuromuscular weakness and cardiac arrhythmias. Investigating hypokalemia requires excluding hypomagnesemia, thyroid function tests, and metabolic acidosis/alkalosis before considering HPP. Management involves gradual oral potassium repletion to avoid the risk of hyperkalemia associated with intravenous administration. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider including HPP in differential diagnoses of patients presenting with weakness. In this case, electrophysiological evaluation suggested Brugada pattern induced by hypokalemia, which resolved with potassium supplementation.
Necessidades informacionais sobre autocuidado de crianças com leucemia para criação de aplicativo móvel
Authors: Martins Vanessa Ramos , Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra , Silva Aline Cerqueira Santos Santana da , Macedo Eliza Cristina , Silva Laura Johanson da , Silva Liliane Faria da
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: identificar as necessidades informacionais sobre autocuidado de crianças com leucemia para a criação de aplicativos móveis. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada entre novembro de 2023 e janeiro de 2024 em uma casa de apoio no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez crianças com leucemia. Dados processados no software IRAMUTEQ® e interpretados por análise temática. Protocolo de pesquisa aprovado pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa. Resultados: identificaram-se cinco temas resultantes do agrupamento interpretativo das sete classes de segmentos de texto relacionadas às necessidades informacionais para o autocuidado: repercussões do tratamento, diagnóstico, quimioterapia, cuidados com o corpo e ambiente domiciliar, além das mídias desejáveis em aplicativos móveis, com destaque para vídeos e jogos. Conclusão: as necessidades informacionais descritas podem facilitar o compartilhamento de orientações de forma atrativa, lúdica e acessível, gerando possíveis contribuições positivas no processo de autocuidado dessas crianças.
Poisoning and overdose at a glance
Authors: Szydlowska Agnieszka
Published: February 2025

Poisoning and overdose are significant public health concerns in the UK, with poisoning accounting for more than 115000 hospital presentations in England in 2021–2022. Nurses are crucial in managing patients from triage to discharge. Nurses’ role in treating poisoning and overdose cases involves recognising toxidromes, initial stabilisation and symptom management. Commonly ingested substances include paracetamol, ibuprofen and illicit drugs; pharmacological interventions available include antidotes such as acetylcysteine and naloxone. Patients require a multidisciplinary approach, and collaborative care may involve clinical toxicologists, mental health professionals and social services to ensure comprehensive recovery. Ethical considerations of poisoning treatment include patient consent and the complexities of intentional overdoses. By understanding the nuances of poisoning and overdose treatment, health professionals can offer compassionate, evidence-based care.
Lipodermatosclerosis: from pathophysiology to treatment
Authors: Alsararatee Hasan H
Published: February 2025

Lipodermatosclerosis (LDS), also known as sclerosing panniculitis, is a chronic inflammatory condition of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by longstanding venous insufficiency. Often misdiagnosed as cellulitis due to overlapping clinical features, it requires accurate diagnosis and a multifaceted management approach. This clinical review explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges and management strategies for LDS. Acute LDS manifests with erythema and induration similar to cellulitis, while chronic LDS is characterised by fibrosis and skin tightening. Key management strategies include compression therapy, lifestyle modifications and interventions targeting venous insufficiency. Challenges such as delayed diagnosis, poor adherence to therapy and limited evidence for systemic treatments may compromise the quality of patient care. Future directions emphasise novel therapeutic approaches, evaluation of current treatments and the integration of artificial intelligence to enhance diagnostic decisions. Increased clinician awareness and research into the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of LDS remain essential to improve patient outcomes.
Be bold and lead change
Authors: Sutton Sallyann
Published: February 2025

Following a call from England's Deputy Chief Public Health Nurse for school nurses to have their say in the Change NHS consultation, Sallyann Sutton discusses the three shift areas and their relevance.
Role of Gait Analysis in Management of Cerebral Palsy
Authors:   [1] Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, SRCC Children’s Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. [2] Xavier’s Gait Lab, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Rathod Chasanal
Published: February 2025

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a complex neuromuscular disorder characterized by impaired movement and coordination, often resulting in significant gait abnormalities. The spectrum of motor function impairment varies greatly among individuals with CP, influenced by muscle control issues and specific types of cerebral palsy, including spasticity and ataxia. Gait analysis, comprising both observational and instrumented techniques, is essential for assessing gait patterns and identifying abnormalities. While observational gait analysis provides qualitative insights, instrumented gait analysis offers a detailed and objective assessment through motion capture technology, allowing for comprehensive evaluation of joint angles(Kinematics) and forces(Kinetics).
Understanding gait patterns is crucial for making informed clinical decisions regarding therapeutic interventions such as surgery and orthotic management. Literature has demonstrated that gait analysis significantly improves surgical recommendations and outcomes, highlighting the importance of incorporating detailed gait data into treatment planning. However, limitations such as variability in data accuracy, the complexity of methods, and hesitancy among some orthopaedic surgeons to adopt these techniques need to be addressed. The integration of gait analysis into clinical practice represents a paradigm shift in the management of cerebral palsy, transitioning treatment from an art to a science. It enables clinicians to tailor interventions based on individual biomechanical profiles, ultimately enhancing the functional ability and quality of life for patients. Continued research and standardized practices are essential to maximize the effectiveness of gait analysis in this population, ensuring that children withe cerebral palsy receive the most appropriate and effective care.
Keywords: Gait Analysis, Cerebral Palsy, Instrumented Gait Lab
Double X Configuration Screw Fixation for Middle Phalanx Fracture – A Case Report
Authors:   Meuhedet, Health Services, Israel., Sakhnini Mojahed
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Techniques for treating phalangeal fractures are evolving. Intramedullary screws are a trendy surgical choice that leads to optimal results. Metacarpals and proximal phalanges could tolerate two screws. We want to demonstrate that middle phalanx fractures could also be treated with double-cannulated screws.

Case Report: A 19-year-old patient with a middle phalanx fracture of the 4th left digit was treated with Kirschner wires leading eventually to malunion. We revised the fracture with a redo, recreating the fracture and introducing retrograde crossed-cannulated screws with excellent stability that allowed an immediate range of motion. The patient achieved union with full grip and range of motion.

Conclusion: Middle phalanx fractures could be treated with two screws in a crossed configuration achieving stable fixation and obviating the proximal interphalangeal joint.

Keywords: Screws, intramedullary, fracture, middle phalanx, double
ANATOMY-BASED MODELLING OF THE HUMAN VESTIBULAR RECEPTORS FOR THE PURPOSE OF MOTION CUEING IN DYNAMIC FLIGHT SIMULATORS
Authors:   Department of Simulator Studies and Aeromedical Training, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland, Lewkowicz Rafał , Kowaleczko Grzegorz ,   Faculty of Aviation, Polish Air Force University, Warsaw, Poland
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The motion simulation fidelity depends on the vestibular model used in motion cueing algorithm. Therefore, identifying and selecting the most appropriate mathematical model of the vestibular system is important for motion cueing tasks in motion simulators. This paper presents a method for modelling human vestibular receptors and self-motion sensation.

Methods: Previous work in the field of mathematical modeling of vestibular system were summarized and full procedure of modeling the human self-motion sensation was presented. In addition, we tested whether an increased complexity of the model, particularly with regard to the anatomy (position and orientation) of vestibular receptors (semicircular canals and otolith organs), could significantly influence the estimation of human self-motion sensation. To investigate this, the pilot’s motion sensation was evaluated during a 20-second real flight in an F-16 aircraft (data from this flight came from an Enhanced Crash Survivable Memory Unit, and is detailed in our previous paper). Simulations were conducted with and without model complexities, specifically regarding the position and orientation of the vestibular receptors, as compared to previous models.

Results: It was found that the estimated sensation of angular velocity varies, especially in relation to the pitch angular velocity when the roll velocity is present. The sensed gravito-inertial acceleration also varies, particularly with longitudinal acceleration when the vertical acceleration reaches high values.

Discussion and Conclusions: The complexity of the model, particularly with regards to the orientation of the vestibular receptors, significantly affects the estimated motion sensation. Nevertheless, further research and verification are required to confirm these findings and evaluate their practical implications in simulators that are equipped with a motion platform.
The 400 Genders
Authors: Goldberg Greg
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This article offers an analysis and critique of Kadji Amin's 2022 article "We Are All Nonbinary: A Brief History of Accidents." Drawing on Tim Dean's theorization of the difference between sexual categories and types, and Leo Bersani's theorization of sociability, this article argues that gender need not be understood as genealogical, as Amin asserts, but rather can be understood as (increasingly) sociable, presenting a challenge for coalitional modes of political organizing. Drawing from the author's personal experience, the article challenges Amin's claim that feminine gay men need a positive social category of their own. It employs a psychoanalytic approach to speculate about the relational potentials activated by categories and types, and their varied appeal, as they are registered by the author in everyday life.
Game theory and weight loss: Harmonic evidence from randomized controlled trials in Appalachia, KY and Jordan
Authors: Zoughbie Daniel E. , Huddleston Dillon , Ding Eric L.
Published: February 2025

Both behavioral and experimental economics have a lengthy research history concerning the presence of and ability to support cooperation in infinitely repeated games. A workhorse model which has emerged for inferring players’ strategies from their actions in finitely repeated games, is applied to data from randomized controlled trials conducted in Jordan and Kentucky; an attractive economic application portending substantive public health and other policy consequences. We find that treatment significantly increases unconditional cooperation (from 27% of controls to 45% of treated subjects in Kentucky, and 38% to 85% in Jordan, with an intermediate level of 76% associated with partial treatment in the latter), and despite all attending cultural and other differences between these two geographies, treatment in each yielded significant and unimpeachable improvements in outcomes; improved program attendance and weight loss. Such harmonious results across vastly disparate geographies is highly unusual and correspondingly impressive. For the first time, we are showing increased cooperative behaviors causally associated with these trials.
Influence of teaching a structured and humanized method of care on the perception of medical student attitudes in the doctor-patient relationship
Authors: Chagas Cardoso Higor , Pereira Edna Regina Silva , Soares Viviane , Rabahi Marcelo Fouad
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The humanization of care can be defined, in a generic way, as the act of making an empathetic and respectful approach to patients. This study proposed to evaluate the perception of attitudes of medical students regarding the doctor-patient relationship, after implementation of teaching a humanized and structured care method.

Materials and methods

Single-blind, randomized controlled experimental study that evaluated medical students in relation to patient care, based on a pre-post design, using the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS). This scale has been validated to assess patient-centered attitudes, as the prime outcome measure. The intervention, with a group of randomized students, included teaching the structured and humanized method of patient care, denominated the SEAGULL (Subjective, Exams, Analysis, Goal, Ultimate Action), and was carried out at the university outpatient clinic.

Results

Fifty-nine medical students participated in the study, with a mean age of 21.3 years (SD = 2.8) and a higher prevalence of female students (71.2%). The increase in the final scores was greater in the intervention group (p = 0.025) when comparing means of the total PPOS scores. The intervention group presented a larger effect size and higher mean scores (d = 0.49, Δ = +0.38, p<0.001) than the control group (d = 0.21, Δ = + 0.10, p = 0.004). It is noteworthy that the analysis of the initial and final means of the PPOS scores of the sharing domain revealed larger effect sizes in the intervention group compared to the control group (Δ = +0.42, d = 0.63; p<0.001).

Discussion and conclusion

The findings showed that training in the use of the SEAGULL structured method led to a significant increase in PPOS scores related to the humanization of care by these students, with emphasis on the domain of sharing information, power, and responsibility with patients.
Evaluation of a pilot family planning educational seminar and subsequent attitudes towards family planning among Muslim communities in Tanzania
Authors: Cordeiro Alexandra A. , Gumanneh Hajirah , Nzali Aneth , Lambert Valencia J. , Yussuph Amina , Kihunrwa Albert , Mchondo Yassin , Mtita Ramadhan , Yahaya Hidaya , Kalluvya Samuel E. , Wamoyi Joyce , Suleman Mehrunisha , Downs Jennifer A. , Mwakisole Agrey H.
Published: February 2025

Evidence has demonstrated that uncertainty about compatibility with religious beliefs and limited health knowledge hinder uptake of family planning (FP), even among women who would like to prevent or delay childbearing. Empowering women and men to choose the number and timing of children is a global goal and enhances both maternal and child health. Building on data demonstrating the effectiveness of religious leaders in Tanzania to provide public health information in communities, the aim of this study was to understand whether and how an educational seminar about FP that was provided to Tanzanian Muslim religious leaders could be an effective means by which education about FP could reach members of their communities. This study employed a mixed-methods approach to pilot-test a one-day educational seminar about social, medical, and theological aspects of FP. The seminar was provided to Muslim religious leaders from two mosques in northwest Tanzania in April 2022. Six weeks after the seminar, the same religious leaders were invited to evaluate the seminar both by a quantitative survey assessing acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility, and in in-depth interviews. Interviews explored participants’ knowledge and perceptions of FP, views of its permissibility in Islam, and actions that they had taken since attending the seminar. Demographic and survey data was analyzed using R software. Thematic analysis using de-identified transcripts was performed using NVivo (Version 12). In June 2022, 48 Muslim religious leaders (26 women; 22 men) completed the quantitative survey and in-depth interviews. Participants rated the seminar as highly acceptable, appropriate, and feasible, with mean scores above 4.5 out of 5 for every statement. Participants viewed the seminar as enlightening and expressed that it improved their knowledge about FP and enabled them to consider FP from both medical and Islamic faith-based viewpoints. Others described having taught their communities about FP and described the positive impact the seminar had for enhancing couple communication and enabling FP uptake for those desiring to use it. Almost all participants recommended that the seminars return to their community more frequently and indicated the importance of allowing discussion time for men and women separately during part of the seminar. Muslim religious leaders reported feeling equipped by an educational seminar to teach about FP to their communities. These data highlight the high potential of trusted religious leaders to build knowledge about FP, which could address women’s current unsatisfied demand for FP and promote maternal and child health in Muslim communities in Tanzania.
Genomic characterization of foodborne Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolates from Saboba district and Bolgatanga Municipality Ghana
Authors: Sunmonu Gabriel Temitope , Adzitey Frederick , Odih Erkison Ewomazino , Tibile Boniface Awini , Ekli Rejoice , Aduah Martin , Oaikhena Anderson O. , Akinlabi Olabisi C. , Abia Akebe Luther King , Amoako Daniel Gyamfi , Okeke Iruka N.
Published: February 2025

Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli are well-known bacteria commonly associated with foodborne illnesses in humans and animals. Genomic characterization of these pathogens provides valuable insights into their evolution, virulence factors and resistance determinants. This study aimed to characterized previously isolated Salmonella (n = 14) and E. coli (n = 19) from milk, meat and its associated utensils in Ghana using whole-genome sequencing. Most of the Salmonella serovars (Fresno, Plymouth, Infantis, Give and Orleans) identified in this study are yet to be reported in Ghana. Most Salmonella isolates were pan-sensitive, but genes conferring resistance to fosfomycin (fosA7.2) and tetracycline (tet(A)) were detected in one and three isolates, respectively. Seven of the Salmonella isolates carried the IncI1-I(Gamma) plasmid replicon. Although antimicrobial resistance was not common among Salmonella strains, most (11/19) of the E. coli strains had at least one resistance gene, with nearly half (8/19) being multidrug resistant and carried plasmids. Three of the 19 E. coli strains belonged to serovars commonly associated with enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) pathotype. While strains belonging to virulence-associated lineages lacked key plasmid-encoded virulence plasmids, several plasmid replicons were detected in most of the E. coli (14/19) strains. Food contaminated with these pathogens can serve as a vehicle for disease transmission, posing a significant public health risk and necessitating stringent food safety and hygiene practices to prevent outbreaks. Hence, there is need for continuous surveillance and preventive measures to stop the spread of foodborne pathogens and reduce the risk of associated illnesses in Ghana.
Association between C-reactive protein and chronic pain in US adults: A nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Huang Chunsheng , Tong Qizhen , Tong Qiaoling
Published: February 2025

Background

Chronic pain has emerged as a significant global public health concern. Hence, it is imperative to acquire a more comprehensive comprehension of these characteristics in the adult population of the United States in order to facilitate the development of effective interventions. The objective of this study is to ascertain the prevalence of chronic pain among people in the United States and investigate its association with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.

Methods

The present study employed a cross-sectional design and utilized data from three cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The study aimed to investigate the relationship between chronic pain status, CRP levels, and potential confounding factors. The study incorporated individuals who successfully fulfilled chronic questionnaires and had CRP assays. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the correlation between chronic pain and CRP levels. To explore the non-linear relationship, weighted restricted cubic spline (RCS) with three knots coupled with a weighted logistic regression model to assess the dose-response relationship between CRP (continuous variables) and chronic pain.

Results

A total of 10,680 (Weighted 250,814,660.8) adult participants with complete information were included in the analysis and 2612 (Weighted 67978784.88, 27.1%) subjects met the definition of chronic pain. Compared with participants without chronic pain, those with chronic pain had a higher CRP level (P < 0.001). The results of the multivariable adjusted logistic regression model suggested that the highest CRP quartile (CRP >  0.52 mg/dL) was associated with a 32% increase in the risk of chronic pain compared with the lowest CRP quartile (CRP ≤  0.09 mg/dL). The RCS result showed that the OR of chronic pain and CRP displayed a linear relationship (P = 0.027, Non-linear P = 0.541).

Conclusions

The study found a significant correlation between CRP levels and the presence of chronic pain among people in the United States. Individuals exhibiting elevated levels of CRP demonstrated a heightened propensity for experiencing chronic pain in comparison to individuals with lower CRP levels. Additional investigation is necessary to explore the presence of a causal association between the two variables, as well as the potential underlying mechanisms.
Characterization of gene expression profiles in Alzheimer’s disease and osteoarthritis: A bioinformatics study
Authors: Liu Nian , Deng Qian , Peng Zining , Mao Danning , Huang Yuanbo , Meng Fanyu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Shen Jiayan , Li Zhaofu , Yan Weitian , Peng Jiangyun
Published: February 2025

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Osteoarthritis (OA) have been shown to have a close association in previous studies, but the pathogenesis of both diseases are unclear. This study explores the potential common molecular mechanisms between AD and OA through bioinformatics analysis, providing new insights for clinical treatment strategies.

Methods

The AD and OA-related datasets were downloaded from the gene expression database GEO. The datasets were analyzed to obtain differentially expressed gene (DEG) datasets for OA and AD, respectively. The intersection of these DEGs was analyzed to identify common DEGs (Co-DEGs). Subsequently, the Co-DEGs were enriched, and a protein-protein interaction network was constructed to identify core genes. The expression of these genes was validated in a separate dataset, and their diagnostic value for the diseases was analyzed. In addition, the core genes were analyzed using gene set enrichment analysis and single-gene genome variation analysis.

Results

Analysis of DEGs on gene chips from OA and AD patients revealed significant changes in gene expression patterns. Notably, EFEMP2 and TSPO, genes associated with inflammatory responses, showed lower expression levels in both AD and OA patients, suggesting a downregulation in the pathological backgrounds of these diseases. Additionally, GABARAPL1, which is crucial for the maturation of autophagosomes, was found to be upregulated in both conditions. These findings suggest the potential of these genes as diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. However, to confirm the effectiveness of these genes as therapeutic targets, more in-depth mechanistic studies are needed in the future, particularly to explore the feasibility and specific mechanisms of combating disease progression by regulating the expression of these genes.

Conclusions

This study suggests that AD and OA shares common molecular mechanisms. The identification of EFEMP2, GABARAPL1, and TSPO as key target genes highlights potential common factors in both diseases. Further investigation into these findings could lead to new candidate targets and treatment directions for AD and OA, offering promising avenues for developing more effective and targeted therapeutic interventions.
Measles neutralising antibody levels in patients receiving intravenous immunoglobulin treatment – a sub-analysis of a randomized, cross-over bioequivalence trial
Authors: Rajendram Vatsala , Paddick Martyn , More John
Published: February 2025

Background

Intravenous immunoglobulin is a replacement therapy for patients living with primary immunodeficiencies. Each batch of intravenous immunoglobulin is required by the Food and Drug Administration to contain threshold levels of measles neutralising antibodies. Widespread use of the measles vaccine has decreased measles antibody potency in the United States plasma supply. There is limited data on measles antibody trough levels in treated primary immunodeficiency patients. The aim of this sub-analysis was to evaluate the measles antibody trough levels in treated primary immunodeficiency patients.

Methods

GMX07 was an open-label, two-period, crossover bioequivalence study which randomized 33 adult patients with primary immunodeficiency disease in 16 centres across the United States, the United Kingdom and Hungary. Eligible adult patients received five infusions of Gammaplex® 5% followed by five infusions of Gammaplex® 10%, or vice versa, on either a 21- or 28-day dosing regimen. The trial included 15 paediatric patients who were not randomized, receiving only five infusions of 10% product. This sub-analysis measured trough levels of measles neutralising antibodies using a Vero cell-based measles virus neutralisation assay.

Results

Median measles antibody trough levels were ~ 1300 mIU/mL with no significant difference between Gammaplex 5% and Gammaplex 10% treatment (p >  0.9) or the 21-day or 28-day dosing regimen (p >  0.3). There was also no difference between mean measles neutralising antibody levels following Gammaplex 10% in adult or paediatric patients.

Conclusions

Levels of measles neutralising antibodies in the 5% and 10% formulations of this intravenous immunoglobulin product provided protective antibodies well above accepted thresholds and were similar in adult and paediatric patients across both 21-day and 28-day dosing regimens. Switching between Gammaplex products did not affect antibody levels.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01963143
Bruxism repercussions in muscular activation: Ultrasound differences in abdominal wall between women with and without bruxism. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Yela-Lorenzo Paula , Montes-Arenas Paola , Abuín-Porras Vanesa , González-de-la-Flor Ángel , González-Fernández Laura , Villafañe Jorge Hugo , Mínguez-Esteban Isabel
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Bruxism, often triggered by stress, induces temporomandibular alterations, increasing muscle activity and affecting dental occlusion. Prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions related to stress is higher in women, with craneo-cervical affectation being frequently reported. Moreover, some authors explore the relationship between temporomandibular disorders and postural alteration, affecting the trunk complex. This study aims to evaluate differences in abdominal muscle morphology between women with and without bruxism in Spain, and, secondarily, the effects of voluntary teeth grinding in abdominal muscle activation.

Methodology

An observational analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 44 Spanish women (diagnosed with bruxism = 22, non-bruxism = 22). To ensure and corroborate the absence of bruxism from the control group, the Clinical Based Assesment questionnaire was used. Ultrasound measures of Transverse Abdominal, External Oblique and Internal oblique were recorded during rest and voluntary grinding.

Results

Grinding was associated with changes in abdominal muscle thickness in both groups, with statistically significant higher thickness values for all studied muscles. Moreover, the Bruxism group showed statistically significant higher values for all muscles in grinding conditions compared to the Non-Bruxism group. Significant differences in left transverse abdominal thickness were found between groups in resting condition. Further analysis using linear regression indicated that both Bruxism (t = -2.03, p = 0.049) and BMI (t = 3.13, p = 0.003) were significantly associated with muscle thickness, with BMI acting as a confounding factor. Age was not a significant predictor (p = 0.506), suggesting its limited role in this context.

Conclusion

The results of this study support the existence of an association between bruxism and the abdominal wall muscles structure and activation. This emphasizes the importance of considering bruxism in the evaluation of abdominal muscle function.
Integrating ICT in education: A scoping review of pre-service teachers’ ICT beliefs
Authors: Li Honghuan
Published: February 2025

This scoping review aims to map the current understanding of pre-service teachers’ beliefs about ICT, identify critical research gaps, and provide actionable insights for teacher education policy and practice. A comprehensive search of seven electronic databases yielded 1366 studies, of which 277 were included. The review identified seven key themes, including a predominant focus on general ICT beliefs and the limited exploration of cutting-edge technologies or regional variations. Quantitative methods dominated the research landscape, often employing standardized instruments like the Technology Attitude Scale. The findings highlight the need for greater emphasis on underrepresented regions, innovative technologies, and qualitative methodologies to deepen contextual understanding. This review offers a foundational resource for stakeholders in teacher education and sets the stage for future research to bridge identified gaps, ultimately enhancing the integration of ICT in teacher training and classroom practice.
Experimental study on in-situ simulation of rainfall-induced soil erosion in forest lands converted to cash crop areas in Dabie Mountains
Authors: Li Gao , Yang Tao , Chen Rui , Dong Haogang , Wu Feng , Zhan Qinghua , Huang Jinyan , Luo Minxuan , Wang Li
Published: February 2025

Soil erosion is a pervasive global challenge and a significant ecological and environmental concern in China. Its occurrence frequently triggers ecological crises, including soil degradation and water contamination. It is of great scientific and practical significance to study the factors influencing the mechanism of soil erosion occurrence. Economic development in the Dabie Mountains of China has necessitated the conversion of vast tracts of forest land into economic crops, notably tea gardens and orchards, thereby disrupting soil structure and precipitating large-scale soil erosion. Rainfall serves as the primary catalyst for soil erosion in this region. Therefore, this study was designed to reveal the evolution characteristics of rainfall-induced slope erosion and the key influencing factors in the forest land converted to cash crop area in Dabie Mountains. It focused on a tea plantation slope of the Dabie Mountains, employing four rainfall scenarios, i.e. light rain, moderate rain, heavy rain, and heavy rain following drought, to conduct in-situ simulation experiments, mirroring the prevalent rainfall patterns in the study region. Monitoring stations for soil moisture content, slope runoff, and soil erosion were strategically positioned at varying depths across experimental plots with vegetation cover percentages of 20%, 40%, and 60%. Mathematical methods of descriptive statistics were used to analyze the monitored runoff, soil erosion and soil water content data, and to study the characteristics of their changes and response relationships. The findings underscore that rainfall prompts a swift surge in surface soil moisture, destabilizing the soil surface and culminating in slope erosion; thus, the rate of change in surface soil moisture content emerges as a pivotal indicator for predicting slope soil erosion. Furthermore, within the bounds of rainfall infiltration, preceding drought conditions followed by intense rainfall exacerbate soil erosion accumulation, highlighting the significance of initial soil moisture content as a critical factor. Lastly, for the economic crop cultivation zones in the Dabie Mountains, achieving a vegetation cover of 40% or more can significantly enhance soil water retention capacity and the overall soil and water conservation efficacy.