bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI TERHADAP SEMANGAT KERJA PEGAWAI PADA KANTOR CAMAT LAMBU KABUPATEN BIMA
Authors: Rusdyanti Ayunda , Kusumayadi Firmansyah
Published: January 2024

This study aims to find out and analyze the effect of communication and organizational commitment on employee morale at the Lambu sub-district office, Bima district. Types of associative research . research instrument using a Likert scale questionnaire. The population used in this study were all employees at the Lambu sub-district office as many as 60 respondents. The sample in this study were all employees at the Lambu sub-district office as many as 60 respondents. The sampling technique uses saturated sampling technique, saturated sampling technique is a sampling technique that uses all members of the population to be sampled. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, interviews, questionnaires and literature study. Data analysis techniques using validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple regression, multiple correlation coefficient, t test and f test. The results showed that communication and organizational commitment had a positive and significant simultaneous effect on morale at the Lambu sub-district office, Bima district, financial performance.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN MASYARAKAT PADA KANTOR DESA SUBARAK KECAMATAN GUNUNG SAHILAN KAMPAR
Authors: Meilany Merry
Published: January 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan masyarakat pada kantor Desa Subarak  Kecamatan Gunung Sahilan Kampar. Objek penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Desa Subarak yang melakukan pengurusan di kantor Desa. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode accidental sampling. Jumlah sampel yang di ambil sebanyak 97 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linear sederhana. , berdasarkan uji t nilai tabel diperoleh sebesar 1,985. Dan diperoleh nilai terhitung sebesar 8.347 sedangkan untuk nilai tabel diperoleh sebesar 1,985. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa terhitung  (8.347) > tabel (1,985) dengan sig 0,000 < sig 0,05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan pada Kualitas Pelayanan pada Kepuasan Masyarakat pada Kantor Desa Subarak Kecamatan Gunung Sahilan. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa kualitas pelayanan mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kepuasan masyarakat. Kondisi ini menunjukkan jika kualitas pelayanan publik ditingkatkan kembali seperti dalam hal kepastian waktu, tanggung jawab dan kedisiplinan pegawai kantor Desa Subarak maka masyarakat akan merasa puas.
PENGEMBANGAN KETERAMPILAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN PADA REMAJA MUDA
Authors: Amarisa Yassinta , Hasibuan Indah Khairani , Keling Mansur , Nasution Yelvira Meiniza
Published: January 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi inisiatif pengembangan kewirausahaan pemuda untuk membantu mereka menjadi pemilik usaha mandiri. Remaja dapat lebih semangat berwirausaha dengan memanfaatkan manfaat konseling kewirausahaan yang tersedia. Remaja dapat memahami nilai kewirausahaan secara lebih utuh setelah konseling kewirausahaan dipraktikkan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metodologis kualitatif, yaitu teknik ilmiah untuk mengumpulkan data untuk kegunaan dan tujuan tertentu. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dapat dikatakan bahwa meskipun sebagian besar peserta tertarik untuk memulai usaha mereka sendiri, rencana mereka terhambat oleh kurangnya dana, pengalaman, dan pengetahuan.
PENGARUH LITERASI ZAKAT, PENDAPATAN DAN KEPERCAYAAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MUZAKKI MEMBAYAR ZAKAT MELALUI PLATFORM FINTECH DI KABUPATEN PADANG LAWAS-SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Lubis Romatua
Published: January 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah Literasi Zakat, Pendapatan dan Kepercayaan berpengaruh secara Parsial dan Simultan terhadap Keputusan muzakki membayar zakat melalui Platform Fintech di Kabupaten Padang Lawas, Untuk mengetahui variabel apakah yang paling berpengaruh terhadap keputusan muzakki membayar zakat melalui Platform Fintech di Kabupaten Padang Lawas dan untuk mengetahui apakah cara pembayaran zakat yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Kabupaten Padang Lawas sudah sesuai dengan Prinsip-prinsip Ekonomi Syariah. Metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah Kuesioner, Observasi dan Dokumentasi. Kemudian dianalisa menggunakan SEM (Structural Equational Model) dengan analisis Regresi Berganda menggunakan bantuan aplikasi Smart PLS (Partial Least Square). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Literasi Zakat, Pendapatan dan Kepercayaan berpengaruh secara Parsial dan Simultan terhadap keputusan muzakki membayar zakat melalui Platform Fintech di Kabupaten Padang Lawas. Literasi Zakat memiliki pengaruh yang paling dominan terhadap keputusan muzakki membayar zakat melalui Platform Fintech di Kabupaten Padang Lawas, Dan pembayaran zakat yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Kabupaten Padang Lawas melalui Platform Fintech telah sesuai dengan ajaran dan Prinsip-prinsip Ekonomi Syariah.
URGENSI ZISWAF DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PEREKONOMIAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Amelia Nur , Rahmawati Rahmawati , Lismawati Lismawati , Khairi Rifqil
Published: January 2024

This article discusses the role of Zakat, Infaq and Alms (Ziswaf) in microeconomic development in This article discusses the role of Zakat, Infaq and Alms (Ziswaf) in microeconomic development in Indonesia. The author explains Ziswaf's urgency in empowering small communities, especially those in the lower economic strata. Funds collected from zakat, infaq and alms can be allocated to support micro and small businesses, provide business capital, and provide training and mentoring to improve the skills and capacity of micro communities. The research method applied is the literature research method or literature review, which is focused on the analysis and synthesis of written works that are relevant to the research topic. The research results show that increasing ZISWAF fund collection has a positive impact on social religious life, poverty alleviation, equitable development, human development, and economic growth. If managed optimally, the existence of ZISWAF will provide a significant boost to economic growth. Therefore, it is emphasized that the government needs to provide greater support to exploit the potential of the ZISWAF instrument in Indonesia.
EKSISTENSI PRINSIP EKONOMI MIKRO ISLAM TERHADAP KEBERLANJUTAN USAHA MIKRO DI ERA DIGITALISASI
Authors: Amalia Nala , Wati Rahma , Putri Berliana , Mairiza Diany
Published: January 2024

Artikel ini membahas prinsip-prinsip ekonomi mikro dalam perspektif Islam, yang mencakup nilai-nilai seperti keadilan, keberkahan, dan keberlanjutan. Sistem ini menekankan distribusi kekayaan yang adil, keterlibatan dalam kegiatan ekonomi yang halal, dan tanggung jawab sosial dalam menghadapi dampak digitalisasi terhadap usaha mikro, terutama Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) sebagai fokus utama. Dengan penekanan pada pemanfaatan media sosial dan teknologi, artikel ini menyajikan strategi penjualan, pemasaran, dan dorongan bagi pelaku UMKM agar mengadopsi digitalisasi. Metode kajian literatur digunakan sebagai dasar teoritis, dengan harapan memberikan wawasan praktis dan mendorong pelaku UMKM untuk beralih ke model bisnis digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaku usaha perlu tetap mempertimbangkan prinsip-prinsip ekonomi Islam, seperti keadilan, keseimbangan, dan kesejahteraan bersama, dalam menjalankan bisnis mereka. Pemanfaatan media sosial dan teknologi dianggap kunci dalam menghadapi era digitalisasi, dan strategi pemasaran yang tepat dapat memaksimalkan efektivitas pelaku UMKM. UMKM diakui sebagai pilar ekonomi negara, memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap PDB dan penciptaan lapangan kerja. Secara keseluruhan, penerapan digital marketing dianggap sebagai aset berharga untuk mengoptimalkan bisnis di era digital, tidak hanya memperluas jangkauan tetapi juga memberikan alat untuk meningkatkan efektivitas, interaksi, dan adaptasi terhadap perubahan pasar, khususnya di Indonesia.
A literature review of supply chain finance in a digital and sustainable environment: A conceptual framework
Authors: Jansen Jan , Kaledinova Elena , Wolter Ann
Published: January 2024

In this article, a literature review is completed to investigate the role of an IT platform connecting companies in the supply chain and to define Supply Chain Finance metrics in terms of the improvement of liquidity, efficiency, and (multiple) value creation. The significance of IT platforms is that they facilitate information, communication and new technologies and allow companies to improve their financial and non-financial performance and optimise their supply chain processes from different perspectives.
Agile Change Management of Ukraine's IT Sector's and Value Creation Amidst Conflict
Authors: Buriak Mykhailo , Makovoz Oksana
Published: January 2024

The ongoing conflict in Ukraine has posed significant challenges to the country's IT sector. Despite these challenges, the sector has demonstrated remarkable resilience, adapting to the new realities and continuing to provide critical services to both domestic and international clients.
This research examines the Ukrainian IT industry before and after the war, and designs a value stream mapping of the sector that is applicable to current realities. It also explores the value creation strategies employed by the sector to maintain productivity and deliver value to its clients.
The research finds that the sector has adopted a number of strategies to mitigate the impact of the war on its value stream, including attracting and retaining talent, investing in skill development and upskilling, adopting agile project management, implementing automated testing and continuous quality improvement, enhancing cybersecurity measures, and expanding into new markets and diversifying customer base. The sector's ability to adapt, innovate, and deliver value in the face of adversity provides valuable insights and lessons for other sectors and countries facing similar challenges.
Reading: A Solution for Stressed Managers?
Authors: Schabasser Christina
Published: January 2024

Stress has become a natural consequence of modern lifestyle. Numerous studies indicate that stress levels among global populations are on the rise as people are more prone to getting overwhelmed by stress. Therefore, effective stress management techniques are becoming more crucial for modern societies. This study surveyed 150 respondents across different countries and regions who were divided into two groups: managers and non-managers. Results show that reading is among the top three preferred activities for relieving stress among the majority of respondents (i.e. 88% of managers and 90% of non-managers) as they believed reading was a wise investment of their time, regardless of which reading type they read.
Manipulativity as an object of transdisciplinary humanities knowledge
Authors: Shakenova M.T. , Khussainova G. Zh. , Kaldygozova S. E.
Published: January 2024

This scientific article presents a content analysis of modern research in the field of manipulation as one of the current topics of the humanitarian scientific paradigm. Manipulativeness as a multifaceted phenomenon attracts the attention of researchers from various disciplines, from psychology and sociology to political science, media communication and linguistics. The aim of the article is to bring together different approaches and research into a single transdisciplinary body of knowledge on manipulation.
The authors analyze different aspects of manipulability, including psychological, socio-cultural and linguistic aspects, especially using the example of media discourse, where manipulation is a key element in politics and media in the modern information age.
The focus is on the influence of media manipulation on public opinion, mood, beliefs and values. The article discusses manipulative strategies, tactics and linguistic means of implementing them in media discourse.
This article also emphasizes the importance of educating and developing critical thinking as a means to counter manipulative strategies and the relevance of studying manipulativeness in the humanities. The authors believe that a general transdisciplinary study will contribute to a deeper understanding of manipulative behavior and help to develop strategies to effectively counter this phenomenon in modern society.
Peace Education: More than a utopic pedagogy?
Authors: Schabasser Christina
Published: January 2024

The long list of wars reflects the dire need for a new violence prevention concept for addressing various ongoing conflicts and wars, including the war in Ukraine, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the Sudanese civil war, political instability in Afghanistan and Lebanon, and the North Korean crisis. One question emerges; can peace be learned? This study addresses this question by questioning 95 respondents from diverse professional backgrounds worldwide as it attempts to learn what they think about peace education, what experiences they have in this regard, and what suggestions they may have for improving the delivery of peace-building programs at educational institutions. This study found that the majority of respondents welcomed the peace education approach although they have very different understandings of peace education.
Icelandic sagas as a “non-historical” source on the history of Russia
Authors: Fomin Vyacheslav
Published: January 2024

This article presents the illegality of the usage of Icelandic sagas by an archaeologist D.A. Machinsky with the tendentious purpose of glorifying Swedish history and including Russian history in it.
Preparation of Active Iron powder by Electrochemical method
Authors: Taies Jehad Abd
Published: January 2024

In this work, active iron powder was prepared at high purity 99.9% and partical size less than 53 micron by using electrolytic cell contained an electrolyte of ferrous sulphate (70 gm /L) ,Sodium chloride (100 gm /L),at temperature of 80C and pH 2.0. Seven Steel electrodes were used as anodes and cathodes.The product is suitable for use in metalloceramic applications and manufacture of parts for machinery ,various alloys ,in chemical industry ,re-chargeable batteries The procedure ,the equipments and results were described .
Study of DAIR district in BASRAH farmers level of application of PELARUS tractors maintenance and its relation with some factors
Authors: AL- ATTABI JABUR M. HAMEED , Al-REKABI HAKEEM S.
Published: January 2024

The study aims at identifying the level of application of PELARUS agricultural tractors maintenance in DAIR district of BASRAH and recognizing the social and economical characteristics of farmers and their relation with the level of application of maintenance. The study depends on the interview questionnaire to collect the data. The study covers 420 farmers who are the population of the study .A random sample of 15 % is chosen. The number of the respondents is 63 farmers. Some statistical methods such as percent, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation are used to analyze the collected data. The study reveals that the level of application was weak tends to be medium .The general mean is 15.43 and the standard deviation of 16.3. The majority of the respondents failed in first category which represents the low category . The study also revealed that there was positive relationship between age, study attainment , experience in tractors maintenance , participation in training courses According to the results of the study it is recommended that more agricultural extension efforts should be paid to communicate the correct information to farmers . It is also recommended to insure the coordination between of agricultural supplies and the directorates agriculture to make spare parts available.
Satellite Image Mosaics by Using Radon Projections
Authors: Abdul Jabar Hameed Majeed
Published: January 2024

In this research a new mosaics method to build larg image from different satellite senses by using slide window technique is presented. That depend on using radon projections (line integrals) as features to compare instead of comparing each element in the slide windows. This new method and its faster version proved to be a fast matching method than the regular RMS method; therefore, it can be adopted in the satellite images mosaics to build a complete view from separated views for the same location.
Effect of slaughter weight and feeding system on some meat Quality and palatability of hamdani lamb carcasses
Authors: AL-Kabi Shihab Ahmed , Yaqob Salim Fadil
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted on hamdani lambs to compare two systems of feeding , The first system was ad libitum feeding on concentrate ration and the second system was grazing on pasture with supplementation of concentrate ration as in the first system at 1.5 % of animal body weight in order to reach two slaughter weight 35kg and 45kg . The results of this study showed significant increase( p< 0.05 ) in muscular and bone tissue percentages as well as in moisture, protein and ash percentages in lamb carcasses with tail fat for the second system , while increasing slaughter weight from 35kg to 45kg caused significant decreas( p< 0.05 ) in muscular and bone tissue also moisture percentage and significant increase ( p< 0.05 ) in fat tissue percentage and fat percentage in lamb cacasses with tail fat . Study did not show any affectivness in palatability of meat by the factors above .So we sow some improvement in meat quality characters in the second feeding system and no benefit in meat quality by increasing slaughter weight for 45kg .
Evaluation of qualification the fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus to control disease Root-not Nematode in Tomato that caused by Meloidogyne javanica
Authors: Abood Hadi Mahdi , Abood Nadhum Tarad
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to determine the best active formula of many preparations of biocontrol factor (Paecilomyces lilacinus) fungus used in soil treatment ,and study the effect of different-store environments(room temperature, refrigerator and freezing) in its biological activity(for two years). The results showed that the addition of active material of biocontrol factor ( spores and mycelium ) on mixture consistent of pollen fungi + Corn cob cracked +Wheat bran(1:2.5:0.5) was of high efficiency in keeping high activity under field environments .This preparation caused a significant decrease in Tomato Root-knot disease caused by Meloidogyne javanica nematode and a significant increase in the average of plants growth in green house and field experiments. Furthermore storage under Freezing environments was damaging in the activity of biocontrol factor, and the storage under room temperature or refrigeration was less damaging especially during the first six months of storing processes .
Investigation of Flexure Strength of Aluminum Composites Reinforced with Iron Fibers
Authors: Jaffer Harith Ibraham , Jawad Mohammed Kadium
Published: January 2024

Flexure strength of Aluminum composite reinforced with iron fiber has been investigated.Atomization procsses method were used to prepare sheet of aluminum reinforced with iron fiber with direction (0-90°) and (0-45°) to cognition fiber direction effect on flecture strength values.The results shows that the values of maximum bending stress, yield stress and young modulus of aluminum reiforced with iron fibers direction (0-90) higher than for the aluminum reinforced with fibers direction (0-45). The optical microscopy and photographic pictures shown the fracture surface of the tested specimens and fibers segmented and supported the rising in the flecture strength values of the aluminum composites(0-90).
Study of Temperature Effect on Reaction Product of Some Lanthanide Metal Ions With Urea
Authors: Hussein Kameran Bashier
Published: January 2024

The Lanthanide carbonates, Ln2(CO3)3.nH2O of LnX3.nH2O (Ln= Dysprosium Dy, Holmium Ho, Cerium Ce and Europium Eu ; X-= Cl- or NO3-, n = 4-6) have been prepared by a novel synthetic method involving the reaction of aqueous solutions of the lanthanide metal ions with urea at ~850C for two hours. The reaction products were characterized via elemental analysis technique , infrared spectroscopy , volumetric and gravimetric analysis method. General reaction equations describing the formation of lanthanide carbonate compounds were proposed.
RESIDENTIAL SOLID WASTE AT POINT OF GENERATION (A CASE STUDY AL-AMMARAH CITY)
Authors: Ibrahim Jathwa A. , Graimed Bassim H.
Published: January 2024

Municipal solid waste is of variable, non-uniform inconsistent nature and the method by which the sample is obtained is critical if the results are to be reliable. In this survey the proportional stratified random sampling was adopted, i.e., the total population was divided into groups (socio-income levels) and random samples were taken in each level in its proportion to the total population. Based on the results of the preliminary survey for 99% confidence interval and 10% standard error, held in Al-Ammarah City, the optimum sample size was shown to be 104. An estimate of the total waste generated and physical composition analysis of residential solid waste were carried out at the source of generation, in Al-Ammarah City in Missan Governorate by carrying out a statistically designed sampling survey, Up to 104 units with different socio income level were sampled, yielding an average of 750 kg of waste to be handled in each day for one week. The study showed that Al-Ammarah City have an average generation rate of 0.66 Kg per capita per day, having 44% food waste, 4.9% paper, 4% metal, 4.2 % glass, 1.13% rubber, and textile 4%, 0.6% combustible miscellaneous materials, and 32.3% noncombustible miscellaneous materials.
Effect of alcoholic extract of roots ,stems and leaves capparis spinosa on microbial growth isolated from mouth and gum infections in Al-Diwaniya City
Authors: Azhar Noori Hussein  , Qasim Hussain Kamis
Published: January 2024

This study included to determine the effect of alcoholic extract of the Caper plant( roots , stems and leaves) to grow at the isolates microbial isolated from people with mouth and gum infections .After collection of 50 smears oral, the results of diagnosis of microbes as follow :15 isolates of t Streptococcus viridans (37.5%) , 8 isolates belonging to the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes (20%), 5 isolates belonging to the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (12.5%),2 isolates of bacteria Escherichia coli (5%), one isolate of Staphylococcus saprophyticus (2.5%) and 8 isolates of yeasts as Candida albicans (20%) and 1 isolates of Candida tropicalis (2.5%). isolates showed full resistance to antibiotics has been tested to determine the effect of alcoholic extracts of three parts of Caper plant (roots, stems and leaves) on them. The results showed that extracts Caper capable inhibitor high against the growth of microbes and there was variation in the diameters of inhibition where the greater focus increased diameters of inhibition, and the alcoholic extract of the roots were more effective in its impact on the isolates of bacteria and yeast under study compared alcoholic extracts of leaves, stems, as it showed high ranges of the diameters of inhibition zones ranged between (20-42) mm to S. aureus
Determination of Ephedrine Hydrochloride in its Pharmaceutical Preparations by using molecular absorption (UV-Visible) technique
Authors: Nasser Alla Hani , Hayder Abdul-Khaleq
Published: January 2024

The presented paper aims at using an innovative analytical method to determine the drug ephedrine hydrochloride (EPH), (Usually used for treating different diseases like asthma) in some pharmaceutical preparations using molecular absorption techniques (UV-Visible). Chelate complex is prepared through the reaction between EPH and Co (II). Determination of ephedrine is done as a EPH – Co (II) after extraction by chloroform at λ max 389 nm, and the analytical results are obtained as follows, metal to legend (2:1). Linear dynamic range (1-80g/ml) for EPH, (RSD%=0,303), D.L= (0, 94 g/ml), Sandell's sensitivity (S=0.0135), (Erel. %=0, 039), (Rec. %=100, 039)
Conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde using (NiO/Al2O3) as a catalyst
Authors: Hayder Abdul-Khaleq
Published: January 2024

The conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde in an atmospheric integral up flow reactor (inside diameter and height equal to 2.0 and 80 cm respectively)which was studied in order to find the optimum reaction temperature, the effect of ethanol concentration and flow rate according to the type of catalyst used. The proposed dehydrogenation method offers several advantages over the various production processes advantages are cheap raw (ethyl alcohol) and the reaction occur at atmospheric pressure. The (NiO/Al2O3) catalyst was prepared in laboratory using ten gram of catalyst in the reaction, the studied temperature range was 250-325° C at atmospheric pressure, the ethanol mole Concentration ranging between 90% - 100% mole and the flow rate was 1-4 ml/min Where (NiO/Al2O3) catalyst was employed the maximum yield of acetaldehyde is 43% mole and the conversion of ethyl alcohol at the optimum reaction conditions is 74% mole.
A comparative study of prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus between urban and rural women in kut city
Authors: Wally Riyadh Hussein
Published: January 2024

This study was carried out to show the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) between urban and rural pregnant women in kut city of Iraq .A total of one thousand pregnant women (divided into 500 from urban areas and 500 rural areas),who had attended various antenatal clinics were screened for GDM by (one hour post 50 gm glucose load) oral glucose challenge test. Women who had an abnormal screening test proceeded to oral glucose tolerance testing by had a 3 hr. 100 gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and National diabetes data group criteria applied for diagnosis of GDM. This study showed the overall prevalence of GDM to be 3.2% (3.8% in urban women versus 2.6% in suburban women)
Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Wasit Governorate
Authors: Al-Tammemi Qasim Dawood
Published: January 2024

A prospective study was conducted on (864) patients with history of prolonged fever who were admitted in hospitals of Wasit governorate over (36) months in the period from 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2008. A presumptive diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (V.L.) was done depending on clinical examination which was confirmed by laboratory methods (Complete Blood Picture, rk39 Dipstick, IFAT). In this study (900) blood samples were tested serologically by using both rK39 Dipstick and IFAT ;( 864) samples out of the total samples were diagnosed as having V.L. by classic clinical presentation, while( 36 ) samples were without presumptive diagnosis of V.L. (used to clarify the specificity of rK39 Dipstick & IFAT) .Eight hundred-seven samples from patients with suspected V.L. were serologically positive ; the rest (57) samples and all the( 36) samples from patients without suspicion of V.L. were negative.All seronegative patients were excluded from this study . In this study males constituted 50.4% and females constituted 49.6% of the total sample included, and the male: female ratio was 1.02:1. The majority of cases of V.L.(52.41%) were between the age of (1-2) years & the second major group of patients (32.72%) was < 1 year . Heavy infection appeared in Winter (46.96%) and decline in late Autumn (9.79%) , with about one quarter of cases registered during February, and another peak in January. There was a decrease in the number of reported cases of V.L. in Wasit governorate in 2008 compared to 2006 . The highest number of cases registered were from Al-Sowaira (46.47%) and Al-Azizia (35.56%) sub-districts ; with the least number of cases from Badra (0.25%) . The majority of patients (48.08%) took 2-6 months to present with the full blown picture of V.L. The main presenting symptom was fever which was seen in all cases (100%) and the main sign was splenomegaly which was detected in (81.9%) .A large number of patients presented with more than one sign and symptom. Pallor was apparent in 87.1% of patients with muscle wasting &malnutrition in 60.5% .Anemia was detected in 90.5% of patients which was severe to moderate in 60.5% and 416 of patients(51.5%) needed blood transfusion. Leucopenia was evident in the majority of patients (76.3%) and about 12% of patients developed severe thrombocytopenia & about half the patients with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia . The sensitivity of the rK39 Dipstick test was 90.39% , and the specificity was 100 % while the sensitivity of IFAT was 71.99%, and specificity was 100%. Thirty-nine patients died in hospitals (4.83%); pneumonia and septicemia were the leading causes of mortality .
Haematological Variables of Patients with Amoebic Dysentery
Authors: Rahi Abdulsadah Abdulabbas
Published: January 2024

Differential diagnosis of protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is of great clinical and epidemiological importance in the case of acute dysentery by microscopy. The present study was carried out from October 2009 to February 2010. This study focused on relationship between some parasitic infestations, anemia and blood picture. A total of 424 fecal samples were collected from patients. The stool specimens were examined by light microscopy (Direct slide smear, Iodine wet mount) to distinguish E. histolytica. Also venous blood sample collected from each patient was tested for hemoglobin concentration (Hb%), packed cell volume (PCV) and leukocyte count (WBCs differential). Overall 16% ( 68/424) of the examined patients had parasitic infestation with E.histolytica . For each of E.histolytica infestation , ≥ 65% of the infested patients were anemic.The results showed that the higher infection and the lower hemoglobin rate (anemia) in age (under 10 years old).The male was predominant. There was no significant difference in occurrence of anemia between genders ( X² = 0.58, P < 0.05). This study has shown that some parasitic infestations, at least , contribute to anemic in Wasit province
Electron transport mechanism of SnIn/c-Si Solar cell
Authors: Ahssan humyan saber  , Zaydon Tariq Mohammed Noori  , Kadhim A. Adem
Published: January 2024

In this research was fabricated SnIn/c-Si Hetrojunction Solar Cell, where SnIn/c-Si heterojunction Solar Cell fabricated by deposition of SnIn film with thickness 500 nm on c-Si by using thermal evaporation. Electrical properties of SnIn thin film include d.c conductivity and Hall effect at different annealing temperature. From d.c conductivity found the electrical activation energies Ea1 and Ea2 increase with increasing of annealing temperature from 323K to 348K. From I-V characteristics, measurements efficiency of the found increasing from (1.5 to 4.67)% with increasing of annealing temperature.
The Relationship between fertility characteristics with some Biochemical parameters of blood in New Zealand White Rabbits
Authors: Sabah Abdulhamed  , Halim Hamadi Issa  , Shathah Kudair Abbas
Published: January 2024

Two trails were carried out to study the relationship between sexual characteristics of buck and doe with some blood parameters in New Zealand white rabbits . Atotal of 10 male rabbits ( 6-7- months old) and 8 primiparous doe rabbits (6 months of age)have been used in the first and second traits, respectively .The results of the first trail showed that buck trails were within the normal range .The correlation coefficient values, were positive (P > 0.01) between ejaculate volume and total protein , albumin and between blood electrolytes (Ca , Na and K) and each of sperm motility and sperm concentration were negative(P > 0.01 or 0.05 ) between Ca , Na and K and each of dead and abnormal spermatozoa . Inorganic phosphorus was positively correlated. (P > 0.05) with sperm concentration. The correlation coefficient values between globulin, urea-N or creatinine and each of libido, semen physical characteristics and fertility ability, were not significant . In the second trial , the mean values of doe trails were found within the normal range . the correlation coefficients were significantly ( P > 0.01)positive between total protein and conception rate and between creatinine and each of litter weight at day 21,litter gin weight at weaning also between Ca and each of gestation length , gain weight at weaning , Na and litter size at day 21 and between K and gestation length .Correlation coefficient values between globulin, urea-N or P and each of doe traits , were not significant . Generally, the overall means of blood constituents were nearly or within the normal level of Rabbits
The effect of fiber length and signal power on the flattened gain Raman amplifier
Authors: Parekhan M. Jaff
Published: January 2024

Raman Fiber Amplifiers offer an adjustable gain spectrum in terms of band width ,gain window and gain spectrum shape ,thus the composite Raman gain can be very flat over a wide band In this work an investigation on Raman gain with backward pumping is introduced using twelve pump lasers with optimum pump power to produce gain flattened for 94 nm band width from 1520 to 1614 nm that contains 100 equal spaced channels, with again ripple of 1.28dB which contain the C-and L-band. Over 25 Km span. Then the effect of fiber length on the gain flatting were introduced and the gain saturation have been analyzed.
The combined effect of conventional reinforced concrete beams that are encased with a thin layer of ferrocement on the impact resistance concrete
Authors: Mohmmed Nazar Hasan
Published: January 2024

The present research deals with the effect for each number of layers to net the steel beams on the ferrocement layer considering the thickness of layer , strength of mix and distributed of steel. It found the strength of impact for combined beams greats than the base beams and number of layers effect clearly on the strength of impact, also the increase in thickness can increase resistance and there is an optimum of wire mish layer for ferrocement to increase the impact resistance.
EVALUATION OF EXTENSION FIELD DAY IMPLEMENTATION PROCESSESIN SOME OF THE IRAQI MIDDLE GOVERNORATES
Authors: Al- Attabi Jabur M. Hamied , Ali Lateef Jasim
Published: January 2024

The research aimed to evaluate the process of extension field day implementation conducted by the State Board of Agricultuml Extension and Cooperation in some of the Iraqi middle governorate , through discovery of the weak points and diagnosing the strength points in each process to reach judgment and giving recommendations which can serve the decision makers .Arandom sample of extension field days from wasit and Babel governorates was chosen . The population of the study consisted of (119) farmers , (10) administrators , (11) subject matter specialists , and (10) extension workers . To collect the data a questionnaire covered (40) items was used . The study concluded a weakness of implementation of some parts of field day . About two- third (66%) of investigated categories (administrators , specialists , extensionists , and farmers) showed that the availability of materials ( improved seeds , fertilizers , herbicide , and machines , etc…) was weak and the profitability of adoption of these technologies was low . There was also unavailability of implementation materials like the full backage that facilitate the use of improved agricultural technologies . This is due to the lack of enough number of extensionists and specialists on the implementation levels of farms and extension units. The results also indicated that the most education tools that used in the field day were theoretical ones rather than practical .It is recommended the importance of availability of materials and equipments such as improved seeds , fettilizers , herbicides , and machines at the appropriate time as well as availability of technical materials like extension packages which are necessary for adoption process of new technologies by subjected farmers
Determination of Trace Elements ( Zinc, Copper, Magnesium, Iron ) In Blood Serum of Diabetic Patients
Authors: Jawad Kadhim Abaies
Published: January 2024

The trace elements have been studied for diabetic patients and compared with healthy ones. Blood samples o f diabetic patients ( 150 samples) with different ages, and they were categorized :First group: Include( type one) diabetic patients insuline – dependent and they suffer from diabetes for mor than three years . this group involves ( 50) patients; (25) male and (25) female.Second group: Include( type tow) diabetic patients which insuline – independent and they suffer from diabetes for more than five years . this group involves (50) patients; (25) males and (25) females.Controlled samples have been obtained from healthy volunteers , fasting for about (12) hours . This samples involve (50) volunteers ; (25) males and (25) females, their ages ranged 6 – 69 years.In this study, it was found that there is shortage in trace elements( zinc, magnesium, iron) and increase of ( copper ) in diabetic patients.All samples were analized by flame atomic absorption spectrometer .
Design of the desalination device of waterand study the effect of the heat exchanger on its efficieny
Authors: Mohanad abd alkrem Sadon
Published: January 2024

in this research paper an equipment of the water desalination(solar desalination) has been designed .besides thermal exchange has been examined on its proficiency productivity and performance .empirical results on 3td of march 2010 have shown an increase of the desalination productivity the daily desalination productivity reached 184ml/m2.d this happens because of the existing of the exchanger inside and outside the equipment which increases the productivity by its work as additional plate for concentration inside the desalination because the exchanger has less temperature than the inside plate of the glass cover which works as the thermal exchange between the equipment and the surrounding environment . in this way the water will concentrate over the additional concentrate or in large quantity .
Some Results on Best Approximations without star-shaped
Authors: Albadry Nadaa Moreah Atheab
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we give two theorems in Banach space. The first one is about the existence of a fixed point for generalized affine mapping, and a class of relatively nonexpansive commutative mappings and then we use it in the proof of theorem about existence of best approximation.
Computer Aided Planning for Optimization of Project Cost
Authors: Majida Ohayib Irzoki
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this research is to studying the CPM strategic planning process for development of pure drinking water project (PDWP) in order to get the optimum time at minimum total cost to complete implementation of project and designing and developing computer aided system, which enables the project manager to make the decision , study and analyses the value of project activity during all phases of project so as to reach the maximum benefit and minimum cost planning. This was achieved by developing modules that allow assessing activities and resources that may be critical through drawing project network, and may affect the project career and its finish date at normal and crash time to perform crashing analysis in effective method by using time cost trade off.
The Gain performance of Ytterbium Doped Fiber Amplifier
Authors: Parekhan M. Jaff
Published: January 2024

Ytterbium doping provides high capacity for producing large gain per unit length, and versatility in pump optimization for a given gain length .The paper presents gain characteristic of Ytterbium doped Fiber Amplifier in terms of amplifier length, Yb ion density, pump power and signal power at pump wavelength λp =910 nm and signal wave length λs =975 nm s. A maximum gain of (39, 37 and 33dB) obtained for pump powers (150, 100 and 50 mw). The gain occurs over short length (tenth of centimeters) of the amplifier and increase with increasing Yb ion density. It begins to be moderately saturated when ion concentration exceeds 1.3 e+025. After certain pump power gain values become saturated while it decreases rapidly by increasing signal power. As a result of laboratories unavailability in the region the layout done by using Optisystem 8.0 software simulation (Optical Amplifier and Communication System Design Software)
Comparison among Modified Acid-Fast Stain and Some Immunological Methods in Diagnosis of Cryptosporidium parvum in Kut City
Authors: Rahi Abdulsadah Abdulabbas
Published: January 2024

A total of 100 children who attending to Al-Karamah Teaching Hospital at Kut city were suffered from watery diarrhoea and abdominal pain were examined. The present study was conducted from October 2011 to January 2012. A thirty-four stool samples in which Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts had been seen by modified acid –fast stain examination were investigated, positivity detected with the ImmunoCard method, and Direct Fluorescent Antibody( DFA ) method was found to be (30%), (28%) and (34%) respectively.Children aged one month to 144 months presenting with acute or persistent diarrhoea were selected randomly. prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection was significantly higher (59%) in children under one year old compared to children between (7-12) years old (4%). The infective rate of Cryptosporidium parvum in males was higher 17% than females 13% . Also, there was no significant difference among children in gender.
Impact of water recession and drying on some physical and chemical properties of Abu – Zarak marsh
Authors: Hashim Hanian Kareem  , Ali Jawad Kadhim  , Afrah Mahdi Saleh
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of drying and water ebb on some chemical and physical properties of Abu – Zarak marsh. The results showed that the studied pedons characterized by loam texture domination which take gradual trend , wherever texture coarseness increase with increment of distance from marsh center , higher clay percentage found in pedon No.3 which locate in the center of marsh and that is expected because of sedimentation nature and particle translocation gradually with water ebb front . Soil reaction (pH) ranged between (7.46 – 8.00) that’s indicate the studied soils was alkaline because of high percentage of calcite , the results showed that the soil pedons characterized by high values of electrical conductivity (Ec) which ranged between (31.7-70) , (27.3-52.2) , (25.9-94.7) for pedons 1,2,3 respectively. Calcium carbonate ranged between (17-40%) and higher percent recorded in the surface horizon for pedon 2 and lower percent recorded in its followed horizon. This highness produced by parent material effect as add to drying factor which increase calcification process activity. In the other hand the organic matter content was varied between studied pedon 2 (1.7%) and these percents was low as compared with expected values in marsh soils. The results indicate that the cations concentrations varied according to the distance from marsh center and higher percent found in pedon 1 which was (150 , 570 , 180 , 1478 meq/L) for Ca , Mg , K , Na ions respectively , and higher percent of anions which was (1705 , 220 , 0 , 2.8 meq/L) for Cl , So4 , Co3 , Hco3 respectively. The other results showed that the nitrate ion differ from other ions by higher values recorded in the far pedon from marsh center where is pedon 3 which was 307.5 ppm while in the pedon 1 at the center of marsh was 2.5ppm.
A triple translocation in childhood acute lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Zafir Hassan Ghali
Published: January 2024

Chromosomal abnormality in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia( ALL) has an important role in diagnosis ,management and prognosis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) analysis using BAC probes was performed to detect a novel translocation in childhood ALL. The BAC probe RP11-111312 revealed a triple translocation involving chromosome 9,22 and 3.This BACprobe showed signals on normal chromosome 22 and derivative chromosome 3. RP11-465M18 showing only one signal on normal chromosome 9. This study confirms the triple translocation comprising chromosome 9,22,3 as a novel chromosomal abnormality in childhood (ALL).
Synthesis of unsymmetrical, Symmetrical Schiff bases by Ultrasonic Assisted Technique and Biological Evaluation of their Metal-Complex
Authors: Media N. Abdullah  , Naween M. Yonis  , Jalla B. Ziwar
Published: January 2024

A mild and efficient method has been reported for preparation of Schiff base ligands through condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes and keton with different aromatic amines and formation of metal complex through the use of ultrasonic assisting technique. The advantages of this friendly, economically, environmentally and mild method are such as; simple work-up, high product yields and very short reaction times.
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum Among Children At Wasit Province
Authors: Rahi Abdulsadah Abdulabbas , Huda Hadi Raheem
Published: January 2024

Cryptosporidium parvum is an important enteric parasite among infants and children in Wasit Province. The present study was conducted from September to December 2011 in Al-Karamah Teaching Hospital in Wasit Province. Children aged 1 month to 12 years presenting with acute or persistent diarrhea were selected randomly. The oocyst of C. parvum was investigated in stool specimens using a modified acid-fast staining method. A total of 100 feces samples of children (55 male and 45 female) were examined. Fifty (50%) specimens were oocyst positive. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection was significantly higher (59%) in children under one year old compared to children between (7-12)years old(4%). Most of the infected children were had anemia. The infective rate of Cryptosporidium parvum in males was higher 27% than females 23% . Also, there was no significant difference among children in gender.
TOPOLOGICAL STUDY OF TORSIONAL SPINE MAGNETIC RECONNECTION AT NULL POINT
Authors: Al-Hachami Ali Khalaf Hussain , Al-Taie Ali Husein Shuaa
Published: January 2024

The spine is an isolated field line which approaches the null (or recedes from it), so called torsional spine reconnection occurs when field lines in the vicinity of the fan rotate, with current becoming concentrated along the spine so that nearby field lines undergo rotational slippage. In of these region, the spine and fan are perpendicular and there is no flux transfer across spine or fan. The geometry of the current layers within which torsional spine reconnection occur is strongly dependent on the symmetry of the magnetic field. Torsional spine reconnection occurs in a narrow tube around the spine, with elliptical crosssection when the fan eigenvalues are different. The eccentricity of the ellipse increases as the degree of asymmetry increases, with the short axis of the ellipse being along the strong field direction. The spatiotemporal peak current, and the peak reconnection rate attained, are found not to depend strongly on the degree of asymmetry.
Clinical Assessment of the Use of Sodium Hyaluronate in the Treatment of Chondromalacia Patellae
Authors: Hikmet Kadum Abbas
Published: January 2024

Background: Review of the literatures reveals that some of them advised to use hyaluronic acid (HA) as a treatment for chondromalasia pattlae [CMP] depending on very few clinical studies, hyaluronic acid (HA) or Sodium hyaluronate, also referred to as or hyaluronan, is a viscoelastic substance that occurs naturally in synovial fluid and is thought to play an important role in lubricating, protecting, and maintaining nutrition of the articular cartilage. Objectives: To answer the following question: is there a role for (HA) in the treatment of [CMP]?

Methods: A randomized controlled trial study was carried out among 30 patients (15 patients as study group, 15 patients as control group )with [CMP] from April 2008 to December2011. For the study group: intraarticular injection of 2 mL sodium hyaluronate solution, once per week, for 3 weeks + quadriceps strengthening exercises.For the control group: quadriceps strengthening exercises only.

Follow-up for both groups was done every 6 months until 2 years and results regarding improvement were evaluated by Fisher's exact test, the corresponding 95% of confidence interval (95% C.I) was used.