bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reachability under Contextual Locking
Authors: Bonnet Remi , Chadha Rohit , Viswanathan Mahesh , Madhusudan P.
Published: November 2013

The pairwise reachability problem for a multi-threaded program asks, given
control locations in two threads, whether they can be simultaneously reached in
an execution of the program. The problem is important for static analysis and
is used to detect statements that are concurrently enabled. This problem is in
general undecidable even when data is abstracted and when the threads (with
recursion) synchronize only using a finite set of locks. Popular programming
paradigms that limit the lock usage patterns have been identified under which
the pairwise reachability problem becomes decidable. In this paper, we consider
a new natural programming paradigm, called contextual locking, which ties the
lock usage to calling patterns in each thread: we assume that locks are
released in the same context that they were acquired and that every lock
acquired by a thread in a procedure call is released before the procedure
returns. Our main result is that the pairwise reachability problem is
polynomial-time decidable for this new programming paradigm as well. The
problem becomes undecidable if the locks are reentrant; reentrant locking is a
\emph{recursive locking} mechanism which allows a thread in a multi-threaded
program to acquire the reentrant lock multiple times.
A Static Analysis Framework for Livelock Freedom in CSP
Authors: Ouaknine Joel , Palikareva Hristina , Roscoe A. W. , Worrell James
Published: November 2013

In a process algebra with hiding and recursion it is possible to create
processes which compute internally without ever communicating with their
environment. Such processes are said to diverge or livelock. In this paper we
show how it is possible to conservatively classify processes as livelock-free
through a static analysis of their syntax. In particular, we present a
collection of rules, based on the inductive structure of terms, which guarantee
livelock-freedom of the denoted process. This gives rise to an algorithm which
conservatively flags processes that can potentially livelock. We illustrate our
approach by applying both BDD-based and SAT-based implementations of our
algorithm to a range of benchmarks, and show that our technique in general
substantially outperforms the model checker FDR whilst exhibiting a low rate of
inconclusive results.
Randomness extraction and asymptotic Hamming distance
Authors: Freer Cameron E. , Kjos-Hanssen Bjoern
Published: November 2013

We obtain a non-implication result in the Medvedev degrees by studying
sequences that are close to Martin-L\"of random in asymptotic Hamming distance.
Our result is that the class of stochastically bi-immune sets is not Medvedev
reducible to the class of sets having complex packing dimension 1.
Alternating Turing machines for inductive languages
Authors: Leivant Daniel M
Published: November 2013

We show that alternating Turing machines, with a novel and natural definition
of acceptance, accept precisely the inductive (Pi-1-1) languages. Total
alternating machines, that either accept or reject each input, accept precisely
the hyper-elementary (Delta-1-1) languages. Moreover, bounding the permissible
number of alternations yields a characterization of the levels of the
arithmetical hierarchy. Notably, these results use simple finite computing
devices, with finitary and discrete operational semantics, and neither the
results nor their proofs make any use of transfinite ordinals. Our
characterizations elucidate the analogy between the polynomial-time hierarchy
and the arithmetical hierarchy, as well as between their respective limits,
namely polynomial-space and Pi-1-1.
Algebraic Structure of Combined Traces
Authors: Mikulski Lukasz
Published: November 2013

Traces and their extension called combined traces (comtraces) are two formal
models used in the analysis and verification of concurrent systems. Both models
are based on concepts originating in the theory of formal languages, and they
are able to capture the notions of causality and simultaneity of atomic actions
which take place during the process of a system's operation. The aim of this
paper is a transfer to the domain of comtraces and developing of some
fundamental notions, which proved to be successful in the theory of traces. In
particular, we introduce and then apply the notion of indivisible steps, the
lexicographical canonical form of comtraces, as well as the representation of a
comtrace utilising its linear projections to binary action subalphabets. We
also provide two algorithms related to the new notions. Using them, one can
solve, in an efficient way, the problem of step sequence equivalence in the
context of comtraces. One may view our results as a first step towards the
development of infinite combined traces, as well as recognisable languages of
combined traces.
The effect of county border on the catchment area of towns on the example of Hajdú-Bihar County – methodology and practice
Authors: Bujdosó Zoltán , Dávid Lóránt , Uakhitova Gulmira
Published: November 2013

Towns constitute 9% of the settlements of Hungary and represent 68% of the population. This value roughly corresponds to the European Union average. Their number, however, considerably grew in the past decade. While in 1980 there were 96 settlements with town status in 1990 there were already 177 and at present there are 324, which is more over three times more than in 1980. Nevertheless, there are significant differences in their size and scope of activities. Several researches have been conducted concerning the urban fields of many settlements and larger territorial units in Hungary but there no comprehensive map of the urban fields has been prepared yet. Inter-settlement relations started to play a more and more important role in the economic life of the country. The paper focuses on the study of the urban fields of the towns situated along the borders of Hajdú- Bihar county pointing out those functions whose attractions remain within the administrative border and those which cross it. The studied area are the towns along the county border. A special methodology was used which could be used for other regions and towns in other countries.
Tourism in Poland following EU entry
Authors: Kapera Izabela
Published: November 2013

The aim of this study was to examine how tourism developed in Poland following EU entry. A particularly large increase in local government spending on tourism and foreign tourist expenditures have been observed for the study period in Poland. An increase in passenger volume at Polish airports has also been observed. Among the many factors influencing the situation in the domestic tourism market, regulations relating to EU entry and the inflow of grants from the EU were of leading importance. At the same time, Poland’s entry into the EU may accelerate some change processes, the effects of which may be observed in the future.
Simplification of Linear Amplitude Sweep Test and Specification Parameter
Authors: Hintz Cassie , Bahia Hussain
Published: November 2013

The linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test has recently been approved by AASHTO as a provisional standard and is currently being considered for specification of asphalt binder fatigue resistance. The LAS test is a cyclic torsion test conducted in the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) that uses increasing loading amplitudes to accelerate damage. The LAS test has been proposed as a surrogate to the time sweep (TS) test, which is a conventional fatigue test consisting of repeated cyclic loading at constant amplitude. The TS test is considered unsuitable for specification because of the uncertainty in the test duration required to induce and quantify fatigue. Recent ruggedness testing efforts have shown that the LAS test cannot be conducted by all DSRs. This study evaluates a simpler amplitude ramping procedure that resolved the difficulties encountered with some rheometers. Additionally, a simple specification parameter is introduced to offer a practical approach to define damage tolerance. The definition of failure is based on a more recent study to explain the mechanisms of fatigue damage under TS testing in the DSR. On the basis of a comparison between TS and LAS test results, this paper demonstrates that the damage evolution in the two tests differs, thus indicating that the LAS test is very complex and is better referred to as a damage tolerance test rather than a true fatigue test. With the simplified analysis approach for the modified LAS procedure, a critical cracking length signifying the start of rapid crack growth is proposed for specification of binder damage tolerance at intermediate temperature.
Linear and Nonlinear Viscoelastic Analysis of Bituminous Mortar
Authors: Woldekidan M. F. , Huurman M. , Pronk A. C.
Published: November 2013

Bituminous materials exhibit either one or a combination of viscous, elastic, and viscoelastic responses. When applied loads are limited, the materials’ behavior can be considered linear. For higher loads they exhibit a nonlinear response. In relation to pavement performance, understanding the behavior of the binders for loads corresponding to the magnitude and frequency of the truck loading is important. With the framework of porous asphalt (PA) application, this paper investigates the behavior of a bituminous mortar at various temperatures and shear stress levels. A dynamic shear rheometer setup with specimen geometry specially designed for mortar testing was used. The mortar, which consisted of bitumen, filler, and fine fractions of sand, was produced according to a standard PA mixture recipe. Various measurements conducted at the linear viscoelastic range showed that the utilized setup provided very good test result repeatability. The nonlinear behavior was obtained by performing tests at high shear stress levels. The observed nonlinear behavior was described by using Schapery nonlinear theory. To allow numerical use, a three-dimensional form of the theory was implemented in ABAQUS by using user material subroutines. For code verification, time and frequency domain simulations were performed to reproduce the experimental data. Good comparisons between simulated and measured data were obtained. The paper presents the details of the laboratory and numerical studies and also discusses the theoretical implications of the results for PA design.
Developmental origins of the conjoined twin mature embryo sacs in Smilax davidiana, with special notes on the formation of their embryos and endosperms
Authors: Ao Cheng‐Qi
Published: November 2013

• Premise of the study: Smilax davidiana, a perennial deciduous vine in Smilacaceae, is widely distributed in East and South China. A recent investigation revealed the existence of twin embryo sacs in this species. This study describes their mature structure, analyzes their developmental origins, and discusses the formation of their embryos and endosperms.

• Methods: Conventional paraffin section, light microscopy, and various staining techniques were used to document the course of megasporogenesis and mature embryo sac structure in pistillate flowers.

• Key results: Two chalazal megaspores of the tetrad became functional, giving rise to twin embryo sacs. Two mature embryo sacs of the same size (equal‐conjoined twins); a dominant mature embryo sac and a subordinate one (unequal‐conjoined twins); or very rarely, fully fused twin mature embryo sacs sharing a common chalazal domain are formed.

• Conclusion: A single embryo occurring in conjoined twins is the outcome of two eggs competing for sperm rather than a result of contention of two pre‐embryos (or young embryos) for nutrition. Conjoined twin embryo sacs could provide a new pathway to the formation of pentaploid endosperms.
Travail de la haine dans l'intertransfert et fin de processus
Authors: Aubertel Françoise
Published: November 2013

En thérapie familiale psychanalytique, les familles dont les liens sont fortement imprégnés de haine soumettent les thérapeutes à des éprouvés toxiques. Le contretransfert peut s’organiser défensivement dans l’emprise et l’envie. L’élaboration de ces affects dans le contretransfert et l’intertransfert est une condition nécessaire pour permettre le déroulement du processus jusqu’à une séparation finale suffisamment apaisée.
La transmission du féminin entre mère et fille
Authors: Dupuis-Gauthier Catherine , Rosenblum Ouriel
Published: November 2013

L’abord psychanalytique auprès des femmes en souffrance, sur le plan psychique et/ou somatique, confronte régulièrement à la problématique de la relation mère-fille où la question de la transmission du féminin occupe une place centrale. À travers la singularité de cette relation, la subjectivation de la haine et de l’amour qui unit mère et fille constitue l’un des axes de travail favorisant la « transformation » des liens d’identification narcissique aliénant en un processus de construction de l’identité féminine porteuse d’altérité. C’est au regard de la fonction aliénante de la haine, dans les réaménagements de la relation entre une mère séropositive et sa fille devenue adolescente, que l’on comprendra la fonction de la haine dans la construction du lien mère-fille et la transmission du féminin.
Le défi rural du « rêve chinois »
Authors: Colin Sébastien
Published: November 2013

À l’heure où Xi Jinping impose sa nouvelle devise du « rêve chinois », le développement des zones rurales, où vivent encore plus de 600 millions de personnes, reste une tâche gigantesque pour le Parti communiste. L’emploi par les spécialistes chinois de la notion de « trois problèmes ruraux » ( sannong wenti ) résume l’urgence de moderniser l’agriculture, d’améliorer la situation socioéconomique des paysans et d’aménager des infrastructures de base dans les zones rurales. À défaut de cet effort, certains estiment que ces « trois problèmes ruraux » pourraient menacer la croissance économique, la stabilité sociale et peut-être même l’emprise du parti au pouvoir. Après avoir rappelé dans une première partie les diverses politiques rurales menées depuis le lancement des réformes, cet article analysera leurs diverses conséquences et leurs évolutions récentes. Il tentera enfin de mettre en exergue le problème politique de fond que révèle la situation des campagnes chinoises, notamment le rôle des autorités locales.
Développement durable et responsabilité sociale des entreprises en Chine contemporaine
Authors: Vermander Benoît
Published: November 2013

Si l’ampleur des défis écologiques rencontrés par la Chine est reconnue par tous, la détermination et l’efficacité de sa réponse font l’objet d’évaluations divergentes. Cet article étudie la relation désormais établie entre développement durable et responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE). Une fois brossé le tableau écologique de la Chine contemporaine, l’article évoque l’affirmation progressive du concept de RSE en contexte chinois au cours des vingt dernières années, insistant sur le fait que la loi elle-même requiert des entreprises une approche proactive en la matière. Il s’arrête ensuite sur l’ancrage culturel du concept de RSE : l’examen du modèle entrepreneurial qui fut celui du Sud-Est chinois notamment, comme la grande fluidité de « la tradition chinoise » montrent que la RSE peut être nourrie aujourd’hui par la réinterprétation de concepts et de pratiques ancrés dans l’histoire. Une dernière partie esquisse la dynamique qui lie aujourd’hui modernisation écologique et transformations socioculturelles.
Le chien et l'éléphant. Le Japon au miroir de la Chine
Authors: Pelletier Philippe
Published: November 2013

La Chine et le Japon offrent l’exemple d’une situation géopolitique paradoxale. Les deux pays sont en effet voisins, l’un continental, grand et très peuplé, l’autre archipélagique, allongé et comparativement plus petit. Ils relèvent d’une aire de civilisation commune, sinisée. Malgré la proximité et le rapport de forces différentiel, le premier n’a historiquement pas envahi le second, alors que l’inverse n’est pas vrai, puisque le Japon a occupé la Chine pendant la guerre de Quinze Ans (1931-1945). Bien que la paix soit revenue et que les échanges économiques aient crû fortement entre les deux pays depuis les années 1980, l’héritage de cette guerre reste lourd. Il est néanmoins incompréhensible si l’on ne prend pas en compte le rôle des États-Unis.
La politique étrangère de la Chine sous Xi Jinping
Authors: Duchâtel Mathieu
Published: November 2013

Au tournant de 2012 et de 2013, la Chine a renouvelé son équipe dirigeante. Xi Jinping, le nouveau secrétaire général du Parti communiste, qui préside aussi la Commission militaire centrale, a initié en moins d’un an des ajustements importants en matière de politique étrangère. Il s’est saisi personnellement de deux dossiers prioritaires, les relations avec les États-Unis et la sécurité en Asie orientale. Il est sorti de la traditionnelle ambiguïté de la Chine en exprimant clairement sa quête de parité stratégique avec les États-Unis en Asie. Sous son autorité, la politique étrangère chinoise évolue dans le sens d’une plus grande personnalisation des décisions, même si son élaboration reste fragmentée pour les dossiers non prioritaires. L’article décrit aussi l’incorporation de nouveaux dossiers diplomatiques, confirmée sous Xi Jinping : la sécurité des ressortissants chinois à l’étranger, le cyber, et l’affirmation d’une doctrine d’opposition aux ingérences occidentales au Moyen-Orient en réaction à la guerre de Libye.
La discipline infirmière et le respect de la dignité de la personne recevant une sédation palliative
Authors: Ferreira Sylvie
Published: November 2013

Cet article décrit la prise en soin d’Ana, au sein l’Unité de Soins palliatifs (USP) de l’Hôpital Fribourgeois (HFR), où l’équipe infirmière a fait le choix d’honorer le caractère unique des personnes, en ancrant sa pratique aux valeurs de la philosophie de l’Humain devenant. La thématique se centre sur ce que vit la personne recevant une sédation palliative pour symptôme réfractaire et elle est directement corrélée à la notion de dignité, telle que décrite par le Dr Parse.
Mourir chez soi, sens et enjeu du domicile dans la pratique des soins palliatifs
Authors: Menanteau Maxime
Published: November 2013

Tout autant qu’elle demeure l’expérience la plus certaine de notre vie, la mort, notre mort, ne pourrait être représentable en elle-même. Nous ne pourrions alors que la mettre de côté (Freud S., 1915). Et quand bien même elle prendrait forme dans le corps de cet autre, dépendant de soins palliatifs, nous pourrions encore en faire un objet, objet mourant. (Higgins R.W., 2003). Le domicile, dans le désir qu’expriment nombre de ces patients de retour ou de maintien en celui-ci, pourrait représenter une médiation potentielle. Ainsi la rencontre demeurerait possible, pour les professionnels, comme les proches. Mais alors comment pourrions-nous entendre cette demande de maintien à domicile, alors que, là, la mise en œuvre de soins pourrait relever tantôt de l’aide, tantôt de l’intrusion. (Ennuyer B.2006) La présente recherche vise à appréhender le sens qui pourrait survenir par et pour le domicile, dans cette expérience de la mort, au travers des différentes rencontres cliniques que nous avons pu faire. Une distinction s’impose alors entre le domicile et le foyer, dont notre étude vise à poser finalement les jalons.
Reutilization of RFA of Construction Waste in Cement Mortar
Authors: Wang Fu Xing , Li Guo Zhong , Chen Juan
Published: November 2013

The effect of some factors(dosage and grain size of recycled fine aggregate of construction waste, content of mineral admixture) on the properties of cement mortar was studied. The results indicated that when recycled fine aggregate particles gradation was areaⅡ, replacement percentage (sand) was 60%,dosage of mineral admixture was 36%, compared with blank sample, the 28d flexural strength and the compressive strength of cement mortar samples were increased by 30.7% and 37.2%, respectively. Micro-morphology of section on cement mortar was observed by SEM. Identifying the hydration products through XRD was carried out.
Synthesis, Photochromic Properties of a Novel Unsymmetrical Hybrid Diarylethene Material with Benzene Unit
Authors: Jia Hong Jing , Liu Jing Jing , Pu Shou Zhi
Published: November 2013

A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1o, which is named 1-[2-methyl-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-thienyl]-2-[2-methyl-5-(4-formyphenyl)-3-thienyl] perfluorocyclopentene, was synthesized. Its optical properties, including photochromic reactivity, kinetics and fluorescence properties were investigated in detail. The result indicated that the diarylethene underwent reversible photochromism, changing between colorless and blue in hexane solution and in PMMA, respectively. What is more, the kinetic experiments illustrated that the cyclization/cycloreversion process of this compound was determined to be the zeroth/first reaction. In addition, the results demonstrated that the diarylethene 1o had remarkable fluorescence switching properties.
Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Symmetrical Diarylethene with Bromine Atoms
Authors: Duan Fang , Li Xue , Liu Gang
Published: November 2013

A new symmetrical photochromic diarylethene which is called 1,2-bis (2, 5-dimethyl-4-dromine-3-thienyl) perfluorocyclopentene (1o) was synthesized, and its photochromic reactivity, fluorescent were also investigated. The results showed that it exhibited excellent photochromism, changing from colorless to pink after irradiation with UV light in solution. When the concentration arrived at 2 × 10-5mol·L-1, the fluorescence intensity of the diarylethene reached the maximum. Furthermore, the fluorescence intensity of the photochromic diarylethene1odeclined remarkably, when irradiation with UV light. Using this diarylethene1oas optical storage and fluorescence switches was performed successfully.
Effect of Density and Ambient Temperature on Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity of Heat-Insulated EPS and PU Materials for Food Packaging
Authors: Song Hai Yan , Cheng Xin Xin , Chu Lei
Published: November 2013

Coefficient of thermal conductivity is an important index of performance evaluation of heat-insulated material. In order to provide theoretical reference basis for the selection of heat-insulated materials, we test the coefficient of thermal conductivity of polystyrene foamed plastic (EPS) and rigid polyurethane foam plastic (PU) in different densities at different ambient temperatures, and then determine the effect of material density and ambient temperature on the coefficient of thermal conductivity of food insulation packaging materials. According to the national standard GB/T10297-1998(Test method for thermal conductivity of nonmetal solid materials by hot-wire method), we test the coefficient of thermal conductivity of samples in different densities at different ambient temperatures. The result shows that at the same temperature, the coefficient of thermal conductivity increases first and then decrease with the increase of density. In the same density, the coefficient of thermal conductivity increases with the increase of ambient temperature.
Preparation and Characterization of Corn Starch-Nanodiamond Composite Films
Authors: Pan Hong , Xu Dan , Liu Qin , Ren Hui Qing , Zhou Min
Published: November 2013

Starch-based nanocomposite films were fabricated by the incorporation of different amounts of nanodiamond (ND) particles. These films were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, TGA, tensile testing and water vapor permeability measurement. It was observed that at low loadings, ND dispersed well in starch matrix. However, as the loading amount increased, aggregates as large as several micrometers appeared. The physical blending of ND with starch didnt change the thermal degradation mechanisms of starch films, only increased the char residues. As the ND loading increased, the tensile strength of composite films increased but the elongation at break decreased. However, the water vapor permeability increased as the loading of ND increased due to the increased microspores in films. With further modifications, ND may be considered as a novel of biocompatible nanofillers for reinforcement of biopolymers for food packaging applications.
Thermal Stability of Soybean Protein Isolate-Based Oleic Acid/Stearic Acid Blend Edible Films
Authors: Zhang Ning , Sui Si Yao , Wang Zhe , Ma Zhong Su
Published: November 2013

Edible films were prepared using soy protein isolate (4g/100g), oleic acid (0-2g/100g) and stearic acid (0-2g/100g). Effects of the type and ratio of fatty acids (oleic acid and stearic acid) on the thermal properties of soybean protein isolate-based films were investigated. The results indicated that the addition of oleic acid and stearic acid take a significant effect on the thermal stability of soybean protein isolate-based films, as may attribute to that oleic acid is an amphiphilic substance that interacts with both polar and hydrophobic sites on proteins, thus it could improve the functional properties of the films. Besides, the solid state and hydrophobic nature of stearic acid could help limit water diffusion in the matrix more efficiently when it is well-integrated in the matrix through the surfactant action of oleic acid.
Effect of Different Packaging Materials on the Quality of Muscat Grape Juice
Authors: Hu Yun Feng , Yu Shu Yan , Wang Rong Qian , Liu Guo Hua , Lu Min , Li Ping
Published: November 2013

Grape juice drinks processed from Muscat grapes as raw material was filled in glass bottle, PP plastic bottle and PE plastic bottle respectively after high temperature sterilizing. Original grape juice acted as control, and then all kinds of nutrients, color and aromatic substances were determined to evaluate the effect of different packaging materials on grape drink quality. The results showed that the content of total acid, reducing sugar and soluble solids of three packaging samples were decreased to some extent, and the color changed significantly. To be more specific, PP plastic packaging samples had the greatest nutrients loss and the most obvious color change. The sample packaging with glass had the most aroma types, the best preservation of the linalool and the maximum content of Terpenoids Chemicals compared to the other two packaging materials. Altogether, the glass was the best package materials compared with the other two materials.
Bioactive Component Extraction from Rhubarb Herb and its Application for the Packaging of Fresh Beef
Authors: Cui Yan , Han Chun Yang , Wang Jian Qing , Tao Yuan , Liu Guang Fa
Published: November 2013

Rhubarb as a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, but on its antibacterial effect with little research.In this paper, rhubarb is extracted by ethanol.By high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),make sure the optimum extraction technology .Through The Times dilution method to determine the minimum bacteriostasis,three factors quadratic orthogonal method is used to determine the optimal mix proportion of rhubarb and cinnamon is 2:1,and its preservation test was carried out on the cool fresh beef, at 4°Csealing under the condition of cold storage shelf life by day 9 to 16 day.
Color-Difference Threshold for Printed Images
Authors: Liu Hao Xue , Cui Gui Hua , Huang Min , Wu Bing , Liu Yu
Published: November 2013

Five ISO 400 images were used as test images and a method of limits psychophysical experiment was designed to test color-difference threshold in printed images. The color appearance of each original image was modified by an exponential function for CIELAB lightness and chroma, an offset function for CIELAB hue at 20 steps for each attributes respectively. The modified images and their originals were paired to form the test image pairs. The mean color differences of image pairs, ranged from 0 to 4 CIELAB units, were calculated by CIELAB color-difference formula and nearly uniformly divided into 21 grades for each attributes. The test image pairs were assessed in a CPC-8n lighting booth. 12 normal color vision observers took part in the experiment. The experimental results showed that the mean color-differences threshold for lightness, chroma and hue attributes were 1.49, 1.53 and 0.78 CIELAB units showing the threshold for hue was apparently smaller than that of lightness and chroma, and the thresholds of different images were dependent on the image content or color distribution.
Research on the Impact of the Contrast between the White Text and Black Background to Visual Sharpness
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Shun Yuan , Xin Hua Jun
Published: November 2013

This research is to find out the relationship between objective measurement contrast and clarity to the human eye perception, via the analysis of different tone background and white text, based on the text contrast properties in ISO 13660 standard, to do some basic research for the black background of print quality evaluation. Experimental results show that perceived sharpness and contrast into positive correlation, the greater the contrast, the sharpness perception will increase accordingly， but it is not linear relation, in contrast, under the condition of smaller contrast, small changes of contrast will cause great changes in the perception of the definition, with the increase of contrast, perceived definition changes tend to be gentle, it is important to note that contrast is of the biggest objective measurement results in background of 100% black tone, whereas the human eye subjective sense of clarity is not the best, it turns out that the best sense of clarity in background tone value is around 90%.
Study on the Color Rendering Effect of High Glossy Color Inkjet Paper
Authors: Si Zhan Jun , Li Yu
Published: November 2013

The material for ink-jet printing is very extensive, but now paper media is the most commonly used one, because the image of glossy ink jet paper printed clear and bright, shiny, light fastness and excellent color fastness in the aspects of indoor display packaging. Therefore, this paper combined the traditional test method and modern computer image analysis technology together, to formation the evaluation system of color rendering performance on a suitable color ink jet paper, in order to qualitative and quantitative evaluate to paper printing color rendering.This paper mainly used six kinds of different brands glossy inkjet paper as the pattern and carries on the experiment measurement and objective visual subjective evaluation. Subjective evaluation aspect, choose a certain number standard observer to do subjective quality evaluation. Objective evaluation aspect, using the experiment testing paper properties, through test the paper print image macro and micro color reference which on the different brand color ink-jet printing paper, and add the analyze the effects of combined with the basic properties of different paper color rendering of ink-jet paper, to ensure comprehensive and objective reflect the effect of color rendering.Through the above methods, qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate of the different paper pattern of the color rendering performance, it would be provide reference and evaluation method for glossy inkjet paper in the research of color rendering effect.
Research on the Relationship between Ink Permeability and Dot Gain of Different Paper
Authors: Wang Yu Xiu , Chen Guang Xue , Chen Qi Feng , Tai Jing Lei
Published: November 2013

In order to research the relationship between ink permeability and dot gain of different paper, four kinds of coated paper and two kinds of printing paper were chosen. Ink marks method was used to measure ink permeability of four kinds of coated paper and two kinds of common printing paper. After the ink marks were printed on each of the six kinds of paper, the length of them were measured, then the reciprocal of the ink marks length was multiplied by 1000 to obtain the value of the ink permeability. Inkjet printer was also used to print yellow GATF step-wedge simulating offset printing on the six kinds of paper, then using an optical densitometer to measure the dot gain. Conclusion shows that non-coated paper is higher in permeability than coated paper, which results in high percentage of dot gain.
Food Packaging Printing Technology Trend Analysis: A Patent Analysis Approach
Authors: Liu Yao Jen
Published: November 2013

Modern packaging goes far beyond its primary objective of protecting the contents within it. The fact is, it serves as a critical communication platform is a major trend of food packaging design and printing today. Beyond package design, printing technologies is the most important issue to push packaging evolution. This article is focus on patent analysis approach to find out what are major technologies trend for food packaging printing technology. The goals of this paper are: analysis technology developing trend in printing methods, food packaging materials, printing equipments, and food safety management technologies categories, and to help food packaging printing industries make appropriate decision for technology investment. The major research method is patent analysis approach; database is patent archive of US patent office in last 5 years patents. According to research result, top 10 highest patent volume in single IPC category are: B65D (118 patents), B65B (116 patents), B41J (39 patents), B41M (37 patents), B32B (34 patents), B41F (34 patents), C08L (34 patents), B65C (28 patents), C09D (15 patents) and C08K (14 patents), the other categories has at least 10 patents belongs are: C25D (13patents), D21H (11 patents) and A23L (10 patents).
Study on Formaldehyde Migration Rules in Products of Tripolycyanamide for Food Packaging
Authors: Yang Yu , Chen Guang Xue , Cui Yan Yan
Published: November 2013

In this work we studied the migration amount of formaldehyde in products of tripolycyanamide for food packaging. In order to review the rule of products of tripolycyanamide for food packaging, with different stimulant solutions, simulated temperatures and soaking time, the migration quantities of formaldehyde in products of tripolycyanamide for food packaging into deionized water, 3% acetic acid and 15% ethanol were measured by phenylhydrazine hydrochloride spectrophotometry. The amounts of formaldehyde migrated to 3 % acetic acid was higher than those of 15 % ethanol. Espousing in higher temperature , amount of formaldehyde of the products of tripolycyanamide were migrated more. And the total migrations of formaldehyde in three exposures was beyond the EU specific migration limits for formaldehyde (15 mg/L ).With the higher temperature exposure was done , the amount of formaldehyde migration reaches maximum in lower number of repeated exposures. We also discussed the formaldehyde migration rule for different surface roughness of food packaging materials.
Preparation, Structure and Properties of High Performance Silver-Filled UV-Curable Polyurethane Acrylate Conductive Inks
Authors: Chen Guang Xue , Cui Yan Yan , Yang Yu , Wang Qing
Published: November 2013

In this paper, polyethylene glycol thioglycolate was prepared by esterfication. Spherical silver nanoparticles were formed from silver nitrate solution by liquid chemical reduction method with hydrazine hydrate as reducant. Based on the previous two steps, the nanoAg was absorbed by the polyethylene glycol thioglycolate trough the deposition. Metal nanoparticles were absorbed by polyethylene glycol thioglycolate with M-S bond to form polymer modified nanoparticle powder. The conductive inks were prepared using modified nanoparticles, other filler and laborator self-made water-borne polyurethane resin as the bonding material. Then the ink was coated on the PET film surface to mold. Catalyst, temperature and time effected esterfication. The esterfication rate was about 55% at 110°C for 3 hours. XRD indicated that the nanoAg prepared were cubic crystals, TEM showed that the size of modified nanoAg was less than 10nm. Metal nanoparticles with M-S bond effectively reduced the surface energy and had better compatibility with organic materials. Cross-cutting tests showed that adhesion between the ink and PET films was well and the conductive inks also showed good wet resistance and thermostability.
Research on Edible Inkjet Ink
Authors: Huang Bei Qing , Sun Jing Mei , Wei Xian Fu , Yi Qing
Published: November 2013

Edible inkjet ink is a new water-based green ink, all the raw materials are in line with food hygiene standards, it has the characteristics of edible, safe, environmentally friendly and its suiTab.for food packaging printing. In order to obtain good performance and printing quality of edible inkjet ink, food-grade raw materials were used to prepare inkjet ink. Then the formula was optimized according to the effect on droplet state of ink viscosity and surface tension. In the end, droplet state and printing quality of prepared ink was tested. The results show that the prepared edible inkjet ink has good droplet state and printing quality.
Electron Beam Irradiation Degradation and Biological Treatment of 4-Chlorophenol in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Jiang Yan , Wang Nai Yan , Huang Jian Wei , Hu Tao , Zhang Ming Xin , Zhang Yao Feng , Li Yao Gang
Published: November 2013

Recently 4-Chlorinatedphenol has been paid great concerns because of their persistency and extreme toxicity in the environment. The recent progresses on irradiation degradation of 4-Chlorinatedphenol is reviewed mainly in the paper.Got the irradiation technology joint approach to treat biological sewage is the most effective way. Polymer of refractory organic matter degradation by joint methods are efficient, the main problems existing in current sewage treatment by this method can simultaneously be solved. Keywords: Electron-beam irradiation; Biological treatment; Irradiation dose; Joint method
The Movable Resource Volume Evaluation of Qingshankou Formation Shale Oil in Northern Songliao Basin
Authors: Xue Hai Tao , Du Tian Tian , Yan Hai Yang
Published: November 2013

Northern Songliao Basin contains a large amount of oil shale resources. Due to the limitation of the oil and gas enrichment area, movable oil and gas and mining conditions, must determine the advantageous area of movable resource. Based on the improved Δ logR model, evaluated the organic matter abundance and residual hydrocarbon content; Based on the least squares method, established a model between clay mineral and well logging curve and calculated clay mineral content; Combined with organic carbon and residual hydrocarbon, evaluated movable oil amount. The evaluation results show that Qn1 Member favorable area mainly concentrated in the central and northern part of Qijia-Gulong depression and the middle part of Longhu Pond-Daan terrace; Qn23 Member favorable area mainly concentrated in Longhu Pond-Daan terraces middle part and southern and middle part of Qijia-Gulong depression. Qn1 Member movable oil resource is 150 million tons, Qn23 Member movable oil resource volume is 350 million tons, total movable oil resource of Qingshankou Formation is about 500 million tons.
Xujiaweizi Depression Deep Volcanic Rock Weathering Crust Research
Authors: Wang Wen Guang , Wang Min , Lu Shuang Fang
Published: November 2013

This paper based on the field outcrop ,core data, logging data , physical property data and testing data to research the weathering crust of the deep volcanic in xujiaweizi depression. Take red clay layer that developed on the top of volcanic rock as the identification mark, and take the logging response characteristics of volcanic rock weathering crust as division standard, to research weathering crust of volcanic rock. Results show that recognized 31 wells that developed volcanic rock weathering crust of deep K1yc1 and K1yc3 volcanic of xujiaweizi depression that mainly distributed in Xuzhong and Anda region. Find that the main components of weathering crust are composed of rhyolite, volcanic breccia and tuff, and divide out dissolution and disintegration belt that are in conformity with the actual gas reservoir exploration position.
Synthesis and Characterization of CdS Nanoparticles
Authors: Fan Xiao Hui , Liu Hong Juan , Chen Yan Ming , Sun Ting
Published: November 2013

CdS nanoparticles were synthesized by using PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) as macromolecular surfactant, N, N-dimethylformamide as solvent, cadmium acetate and thiourea as precursors. The optical properties and morphologies for the synthesized CdS nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) measurements. The results show that PVP could act as a better stabilizer for the formation of CdS nanoparticles in N, N-dimethylformamide. The obtained CdS nanoparticles have spherical morphology and a narrow size distribution. CdS nanoparticles could give an apparent extionic absorption peaks and quantum confinement effects.
Effect of Asphalt Modifiers on Cohesive Force of Asphalt Composite Materials for Repairing Cracks
Authors: Sun Hua Dong , Fan Wei Yu , Zhang Rui , Dong Fu Qiang , Kong Xiang Jun , Liu Xiu Liang , Nan Guo Zhi
Published: November 2013

Asphalt composite materials for repairing cracks we studied is mainly composed of modified emulsified asphalt, cement and additives. Our previous studies found that modified emulsified asphalt play the leading role in the cohesive force so studying the effect of asphalt modifiers on cohesive force has the vital significance. In this paper, we study the effect of asphalt modifiers SBS and SBR on the cohesive force. The result indicated that SBR can increase the cohesive force bigger than SBS and with the ratio(SBS/(SBS+SBR) )increasing, the cohesive force declined.
Quick and Direct Determination of Total Mercury in Soil Samples Using Portable Mercury Analyzer
Authors: Abdkram Yspjan , Yuan Mao , Gao Yu Xiao , Teng En Jiang
Published: November 2013

The total mercury in soil was determined directly by Thermal decomposition-Cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometric method, which was used by portable mercury analyzer. The uniform samples without drying and digestion could be measured directly. The performance indicators of established method were satisfied in linear range, accuracy and precision. The limit of detection could approach to be as low as 1 μg/kg. Compared to the other methods to measure soil samples, the aforementioned method could achieve the similar results. The analyzer is portable and could measure the mercury in soil easily and quickly without using any reagents.
Influence of Perforating Parameters on the Productivity of Fractured Well in Tight Reservoir
Authors: Zhang Hai Yong , He Shun Li , Gu Dai Hong , Luan Guo Hua , Men Cheng Quan , Mo Shao Yuan , Lei Gang
Published: November 2013

Hydraulic fracturing is an effective measure to increase oil production for the development of low permeability reservoir. The selection of perforating parameters has a direct effect on the fracture expansion, formation fracture cracking pressure and even the implementation success of fracturing in that the fracturing processing fluid and artificial fracture all need to pass through the extension of perforation. In field application, the selection of perforating parameters is usually determined base on experience without combining with the actual data of the hydraulic fracturing wells. This work focuses on analyzing the influence of perforating parameters on the productivity of fractured well based on an established productivity prediction model through analytical method.Results show that, take a specific area of Changqing oil field for example, the perforation diameter has little effect on the productivity after fracturing, the other optimized perforating parameters are as follows: the perforation degree 30~40%, perforation density 8~12 perforation per meter, perforation depth 0.2~0.3m. The results are helpful to guide the optimization of perforating parameters in low permeability reservoir.
Microstructural Study of Reduced Malaysian Ilmenite by Carbothermal Reduction and Nitridation in Nitrogen Atmosphere
Authors: Sharifah Aishah Syed Salim , Saidin Hanizam Shah , Baharun Norlia , Rezan S.A. , Hashim Hussin
Published: November 2013

The reduction of Malaysia Ilmenite (FeTiO3) with coal by carbothermal reduction under N2 atmosphere was studied. Characterization of raw materials was done by XRD, XRF, Optical Microscopy (OM) and SEM analysis. Isothermal experiments were carried out using the pellets in a horizontal tube reactor with continuously flowing gas. From the experiments, 0-10 wt. % of FeCl3 was added in the ilmenite-coal mixtures before reduction. The mixture was reduced at 1100°C for 60, 120 and 180 minutes. The addition of FeCl3 acted as a catalyst and increased the rate of reduction. The microstructures of the reduced sample were porous with the addition of FeCl3. Furthermore, defects were observed due to increase release of Cl2 and CO during reduction. FeCl3 acted as catalyst in the gasification of coal by the Boudouard reaction. SEM analysis indicates that the microstructure of the particles was coarsened due to the addition of catalyst. Besides that, there was less agglomeration of metallic iron particles at higher addition of FeCl3. The effect of FeCl3 on the morphology iron was the nucleation of microscopic iron rich zones in the reduced sample.
Keywords: Carbothermal Reduction, Iron Chloride, Malaysian Ilmenite, Nitridation, Titanium Oxycarbonitride.
Effect of the Sponge Used as the Template for the Production of Porous Cordierite
Authors: Hasmaliza Mohamad , Siti Naqiah Musa , Norfadhilah Ibrahim
Published: November 2013

Cordierite (2MgO.2Al2O3.5SiO2) is widely used in high temperature applications due to its high melting temperature and high resistance to thermal, chemical and corrosion shock. The use of various structure of cordierite especially porous structure became more popular where its properties can be tailored by controlling the open and closed porosity, cell size distribution and cell morphology. In this study, porous cordierite was synthesized using sol-gel method followed by replication of polymeric sponge method using three different types of polymeric sponge (Type A, B and C). Immersed sponge were then sintered at 1300°C to determine better sponge types to produce porous cordierite. Sponge was characterized using FTIR and porous sample produced were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and density and porosity testing.
The Stress Effects Occurring During Induction Heating of Titanium
Authors: Przylucki Roman , Golak Sławomir
Published: November 2013

In this paper multivariant calculations of induction heating of titanium charge are presented. Calculation model consists of: hard coupled electromagnetic and thermal field analysis and weak coupled stress field analysis. A characteristic feature of titanium is low thermal conductivity. This causes problems with the heating of titanium charges, prolonging the heat treatment time. For this reason, it is preferred to use induction heating techniques, which allow to dissipate the power direct inside the heated charge volume. The side effect of intensified heating can be the appearance of harmful thermal stresses due to the large temperature gradients. Two series of simulations, in order to analyze the influence of the frequency and the supply power on the thermal stress and of the sample, was conducted.
Hybrid Comopsites Shaped by Casting Methods
Authors: Dolata Anna J.
Published: November 2013

In the presented work two methods of casting: gravity casting and centrifugal casting have been described. The main aim of the study was development procedures for producing the AlSi / SiC+C hybrid composite. Composite suspensions with the same phase composition were cast into molds with different coefficients of thermal conductivity. This allowed to determine the influence of thermal conditions on the formation of the structure and distribution of particles in the matrix. In the paper the conditions of casting, macro-and microstructure and selected properties of the casts have been presented. The structure of components and cast composites was examined by light and electron microscope, applying properly made preparations.