bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tyrania cicha i zawoalowana według traktatu „De tyranno” Bartolusa de Saxoferrato
Authors: Szymańska Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

The paper is devoted to the tacit and veiled tyranny, a concept developed by Bartolus de Saxoferrato in his treatise On the Tyrant (De tyranno), widely regarded as an outstanding representative of the commentator school. In addition to his strictly legal work, which consists of commentaries on individual parts of the Corpus iuris civilis, he is also the author of political and legal treatises, dealing with important topics for the inhabitants of late medieval Italy. In the treatise, he decided to discuss in detail the theme of tyranny from the perspective of a jurist interested in solving the concrete problems that tyrant rule could cause in practice. He developed ways to classify rule as tyrannical, defining and outlining its various types, so that once a tyrant is removed from power, its legal consequences can be examined, including whether legal acts committed during tyranny are valid.

The aim of this article is to analyse the tacit and disguised tyranny presented in the treatise De tyranno, to identify its essential characteristics and point out the features that distinguish it from manifest tyranny. The analysis covers the types of tyranny, the ways of hiding a tyrant, threats to rights and freedoms in the case of hidden tyranny, methods of exposing the hidden tyrant, ways of eliminating tyranny, and the validity of actions performed during tyranny. The examination of these aspects is intended not only to allow an understanding of Bartolus’ conception, but also to provide an answer to the question of the purpose singling out this form of tyranny serves.

A veiled tyrant is one who rules a community against the law, hiding this fact behind some sort of veil. As a legal category, the distinction between tyranny ex defectu tituli and ex parte exercitii is fundamental. The distinction between a manifest and hidden tyrant does not have such far-reaching consequences. Tacit and veiled tyranny are sometimes treated as transitional categories. On many points, the comments applicable to manifest tyrants also apply to veiled tyrants. The purpose of distinguishing this category is to make the problem clearer — to state that a tyrant is also someone who seemingly has nothing to do with power or has little authority. Bartolus undertook to define and characterise this form of tyranny, indicating the legal instruments that could be used to deal with the undesirable political phenomenon as long as it had not yet assumed its mature form. The jurist considered it expedient to distinguish the category of a hidden tyrant so that they could be identified and held accountable under the law, although they did not formally possess any power or had very little of it, as a usurper or as one guilty of harming citizens.
Instytucja kary umownej w latach 1965–1989 — wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Guzewicz Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

The basis of this article is the analysis of the functioning of a contractual penalty in the years 1965–1989, i.e. from the time the Civil Code entered into force until the end of the Polish People’s Republic period. The research was carried out by means of analysing the legal provisions, the caselaw of the Supreme Court and the views of the doctrine. Its purpose is to reflect and draw conclusions on the functioning of the civil law institution — a contractual penalty — under authoritarian governments. The considerations were focused on selected problems, first of all concentrating on the Supreme Court’s case-law. Legal relations with the participation of socialized economy units become an important element of these considerations. The provisions of the Civil Code constitute the starting point, but they cannot be interpreted in isolation from the provisions of other normative acts that introduced special legal solutions in contracts with the participation of units of the socialized economy. The confrontation of theory and practice shows how the obligations imposed on entities of civil law are enforced. Against this background, issues of key importance for civil law emerge. They relate to the principles of concluding contracts, the performance of obligations, and the consequences of a failure to perform the contract.
HUBUNGAN SIKAP, NORMA SUBYEKTIF DAN PERSEPSI KENDALI PERILAKU TERHADAP NIAT KTH DALAM BUDIDAYA TANAMAN ENERGI DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Nugroho Adi , Maulana Ahdiar Fikri , Utomo Singgih , Oktalina Silvi Nur , Nugroho Prasetyo , Wiyono Wiyono
Published: December 2021

Energy policy in the world has changed due to the climate crisis. As a result, the need for renewable energy supply is increasing. Trees in the forestry sector are a reliable source of biomass for renewable energy production. Community forests could play an important role in supplying biomass-based renewable energy production. The study aims to understand the attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control on Farmers Forest Group's intention in cultivating trees for energy in Yogyakarta Province. The Theory of Planned Behaviour approach was used to analyse the correlation between Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Behavioural Control on Forest Farmers Group Intention in cultivating trees for renewable energy. A survey using an online questionnaire was conducted on Forest Farmers Groups in four districts in DI Yogyakarta; Sleman, Kulonprogo, Bantul, and Gunungkidul. The survey results were analysed using non-parametric statistics.The results showed a significant positive correlation between Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Behavioural Control on the Forest Farmers Group's Intention to cultivate trees for renewable energy. The study provides policymakers and privates with insight into working with the farmers when they are about to implement biomass-based renewable energy programs
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SENGON (PARASERIANTHES FALCATARIA) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN AMELIORAN PADA MEDIA CAMPURAN TANAH PASCATAMBANG BATU KAPUR
Authors: Alawiyah Alawiyah , Yuwono Slamet Budi , Riniarti Melya , Dermiyati Dermiyati , Wulandari Christine
Published: December 2021

Open mining activities have caused soil damage, water pollution, air pollution, and damage to vegetation. Limestone post mining is a critical area that must be rehabilitated to be productive again. This problems can be fixed by doing land reclamation activities which mandated in the Mining Law Number 4, 2009. The success of land reclamation is largely determined by the choice of plant species and the provision of appropriate soil enhancers (ameliorant). This study was aimed to analyze the growth response of sengon plants on giving ameliorant in mixed limestone post mining soil. This study was designed in completely randomized design for 7 treatments and 3 replications used combination of ameliorant: P0 (without ameliorant); P1 (AH 4 kg ha-1); P2 (BFA 350 kg ha-1); P3 (FMA 500 spores plant-1); P4 (the combination of AH and FMA); P5 (the combination of BFA and FMA); and P6 (the combination of AH, BFA, and FMA). Data were processed by analysis of variance at the 0,05 significance level followed by the Least Significant Difference test. The results showed that the best growth response of sengon on giving ameliorant in mixed limestone post mining soil was P1 treatment (humic acid material) which significantly increased root length, root volume, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight in sengon plants. The addition of ameliorant can be recommended to improve the quality of revegetation plants
BUSSINES MODEL CANVAS SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF STRATEGI BISNIS KERAJINAN SEDOTAN PURUN DI DESA TUMBANG NUSA, KECAMATAN JABIREN KABUPATEN PULANG PISAU
Authors: Itta Daniel , Helmi Muhammad , Ardhana Adnan
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze the business model of the purun straw craft business in Tumbang Nusa Village and determine the strategy for developing the purun straw craft business model in Tumbang Nusa Village with the Bussines Model Canvas (BMC) approach. Purun straws in Tumbang Nusa village. This study uses descriptive research methods to collect detailed actual information that describes existing symptoms, identifies problems or examines prevailing conditions and practices. The results of the research on the canvas model business mapping that have been carried out, it turns out that the customer segment of the purun straw craftsmen has been diversified into Bussines to Bussines and Bussines to Consumer customers with marketing reach in the cities of Palangkaraya, Jakarta and Bali. The revenue stream element from straw craftsmen is only in the form of selling straws. Furthermore, the main resources used are production equipment, human resources, capital, transportation and communication tools with key activities in the form of production and marketing activities. Meanwhile, the main partnership that keeps the business running is the Liaison and the government. The last element in the form of a cost structure contains fixed costs and variable costs. After getting information from the business model environment and SWOT analysis, the changes to the existing canvas business model are obtained. In order for the production process to run more efficiently, the use of appropriate technology is added through production mechanization, while for the main activity promotional activities are added. Researchers suggest craftsmen can implement improvement strategies on the Business Model Canvas elements that focus on five elements, namely, Customer segments, Channels, Customer relationships, Key activities and Key partners so that operational activities are expected to be more effective
UJI MUTU BRIKET DARI PENCAMPURAN JERAMI DAN SEKAM PADI DARI LIMBAH PASCA PANEN DI LAHAN GAMBUT
Authors: Rianawati Fonny , Abidin Zainal , Naparin Muhammad
Published: December 2021

This study aims to conduct a study of the quality value of briquettes made from mixing straw and rice husks which include a flame test and combustion rate which is expected to be used to educate people around the forest by providing innovation and technology regarding the use of post-harvest waste. The results showed that the value of the quality of briquettes made from variations in the mixing of straw and rice husks including the flame test of the combustion rate obtained results, for treatment A (100% straw) of 0.68 gr/minute, treatment B (100% husk) of 0 ,57 gr/minute, treatment C (Husk 75% + Straw 25%) was 0.40 gr/minute, treatment D (Husk 25% + Straw 75%) was 0.46 r/minute and treatment E (Husk 50% + Straw 50%) of 0.43 gr/minute. The value of the flame to boiling time for treatment A = 38.62 minutes, treatment B = 31.05, treatment C = 23.22 minutes, treatment D = 36.05 and treatment E = 27.95 minutes. Density values of all treatments, and the water content for treatment B and treatment C can meet SII. While other parameters: ash content, volatile matter, bound carbon and calorific value still cannot meet the standards, so it is recommended to carry out further research with other variations of treatment, in order to obtain briquettes with quality that can meet the standards.
STRATEGI ADAPTASI MASYARAKAT DESA HUTAN RAWA GAMBUT PASCA KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Hafizianor Hafizianor , Rudi Gt.Syeransyah
Published: December 2021

The fire of forest and land especially in forest swamp forest have cause changes in the environment biophysical significant the impact on the occurrence of changes in the environment social. Changes in the environment biophysical and environmental social as the impact of the change over to the area of forest swamp peat has been encouraging people to do the adaptation so that they still exist as individuals and as a community to sustain life ( existence ) and improved its well-being life ( welfare ). Based on the background behind it then needs to do research. From the results of the interim research, it was found that there were various adaptation patterns of the community in adapting to peat swamp forest after fires, including adaptation of land use and adaptation of job diversification outside of work based on forest and peat swamp land use.
PEMETAAN BIOMASSA TEGAKAN HUTAN HUJAN TROPIS DI BUKIT MANDIANGIN MENGGUNAKAN CITRA SENTINEL-2 MSI
Authors: Asy’ari Mufidah , Syam’ani Syam’ani , Satriadi Trisnu
Published: December 2021

The preservation of standing biomass is one of the most vital elements for environmental sustainability and the sustainability of the forest itself. One of the actions that can be taken in an effort to maintain the sustainability of forest stand biomass is to map the distribution of biomass, and monitor changes or dynamics of stand biomass from time to time in a sustainable manner. This study aims to build a model based on remote sensing imagery to estimate the total biomass of tropical rainforest stands in Mandiangin Hill, South Kalimantan. The models developed in this study are based on vegetation indices extracted from Sentinel-2 MSI Imagery. A total of ten vegetation indices were tested in this study. For the construction process and validation of stand biomass estimation models, biomass information was measured directly in the field using a number of measuring plots. Stand biomass estimation models were made by correlating stand biomass information from the field with vegetation indices from Sentinel-2 MSI Imagery. The results showed that the most accurate model for estimating the biomass of tropical rainforest stands was 9.5806.exp (0.1454.PSSRa). Where PSSRa is Pigment Specific Simple Ratio. This model has a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.876, a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 16.8%, and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 32.6. The estimation results show that the total biomass of the Bukit Mandiangin tropical rainforest stands is between 11.7 to 998.5 Mg/ha, with an average biomass of 135.8 Mg/ha. Furthermore, the estimation of stand biomass in this study is limited to woody vegetation with a DBH of 10 cm and above. The PSSRa model with various improvements can be used to accurately estimate stand biomass
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT DESA HUTAN LAHAN BASAH TERHADAP PERUBAHAN FUNGSI CAGAR ALAM MENJADI TAMAN WISATA ALAM
Authors: Peran Setia Budi , Abidin Zainal , Badaruddin Badaruddin
Published: December 2021

This research aims to analyze the public perceptions to the function change the nature preserve of Pulau Burung becomes the nature tourist park in the Pulau Burung Forest Village. The analysis used in this research is by using a Likert Scale analysis. The research location is housed in the Pulau Burung Village of District Tanah Bumbu. This study uses primary data obtained directly through a questionnaire to the villagers of the District Pulau Burung. Secondary data obtained through the government in the village. The sampling using simple random sampling method, where all members have the same population was selected as a representative sample of the population. To determine the public perception then used the likert scale analysis. The results showed that a high perception of the function change of nature preserve become nature tourist park and it’s management in the Forest Village District of Pulau Burung, seen from three indicators of responses/opinions, knowledge, and attitudes
KARAKTERISTIK PENGELOLAAN HUTAN RAKYAT DALAM PERSPEKTIF SISTEM (Studi di Desa Semoyo Kabupaten Gunung Kidul)
Authors: Suhartati Tatik , Purwanto Ris Hadi , Setyarso Agus , Sumardi Sumardi
Published: December 2021

. Community smallholder forests in various places in Indonesia have different characteristics that depend on many factors that cause the development of community smallholder forests. This study aims to determine the characteristics of community smallholder forest management, the components and the interrelationships between the components that constructed the community smallholder forest system. The study was conducted at Semoyo Village, Gunungkidul Regency. Data were collected by interviewing seventy-two respondents who were purposively chosen, then tabulated and analyzed in a descriptive qualitative manner. Diameter of tree measurements on the respondent's forest land are carried out by census. In the next stage, the construction of the community smallholder forest system is carried out in a causal loop diagram based on the management characteristics found. The results show that the community smallholder forest system is composed of the main components of cultivated land, plant resources, human resources, management activities, and the purpose of managing forests. The component of land resources and human resources determines the agroforestry planting patterns chosen. The activity components, which are planting, maintaining, and cutting, have a positive loop and form different stand structures in different agroforestry planting patterns
THE INFLUENCE OF PHASE COILS’ INDUCTANCE EFFECT ON REACTION-WHEEL ACCURACY
Authors: Ю. М. Маринич  , Ю. М. Гуменюк
Published: December 2021

Rapid development of space technologies and their entrance to nano-level pulls out new demands for corresponding element base for manufacturing highly effective systems for angular control of the satellites. One of the most wide spread methods of angular stabilization and orientation of the space craft are systems in which reaction wheels are executive parts.While a control loop is being designed the main demand for a reaction wheel is to ensure that external control signal is proportional to created reaction momentum within all the rpm range of reaction wheel rotor.This article is dedicated to provision of control law stability for reaction wheel, built on the base of brushless direct current motor with slotless stator and pulse-duration modulation control with single PDM inverter for all the phases, for wide range of rpm by compensating phase coils’ inductance effect. Introduced approach allows compensating reaction wheel phase coils’ inductance effect on control law with preassigned accuracy and provides proportionality of reaction momentum of reaction-wheel and control signal within all the range of rpm for reaction wheel rotor.
ABOUT DETERMINING THE POSITION OF THE GEOGRAPHIC MERIDIAN THREE-STAGE PENDULUM GYROCOMPASS DURING ACCELERATION OF ITS ROTOR
Authors: Володимир Миколайович Федоров
Published: December 2021

The article considers three-stage pendulum gyrocompass ground with torsion suspension unmanaged sensor, equipped with high-precision digital angle sensor azimuthal position sensor and information processing unit. During processing of information isused an indirect method to get facts about initial deviations of dynamical systems.In the process of improving the instrument have revealed that a further increasing of accuracy due to the necessity to consider the following factors. During the measurement around the vertical axis of the sensor operates permanent uncontrolled moment due to operational reasons are different from measurement to measurement. Specified point shifts the center of oscillation of the azimuthal sensor, which is in accordance with the procedure identified azimuth northerly direction on a constant value. For self-compensation of this error have been proposed several methods based on measurements with different but fixed parameters of the device. However, these measures have extended more than twice the measurement process.In this article there is proposing to define the position of the geographic meridian based on the analysis of the azimuthal motion sensor gyro during acceleration of its rotor. The proposal can bring dual gain in reducing measurement time: at first, the rotor becomes "staff " rather than ballast gyro operation mode, as it was before; secondly, there is no need for special measures to combat harmful vertical moments, as the shift of the equilibrium caused by the action of the latter, is variable in time, which allows to determine the magnitude of harmful moment during a single measurement.
THE OSCILLATIONS OF ROD CONSTRUCTIONS WITH TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ENERGY DISSIPATION
Authors: Сергій Іванович Трубачев  , Ольга Миколаївна Алексейчук
Published: December 2021

The paper presents a solution of the problem of beam oscillation with the energy dissipation. In studying of the dissipation of the internal energy in the materials the one of the complicated problems is the problem when the material is acting by a variable load. If the frequency of the exciting loads has definite ratios with the eigenfrequency of oscillations, the level of dynamic loads is sharply increases. If the dependence of the logarithmic decrement of the amplitude at the free vibrations, it can be used to calculate the resonant vibrations. When we solving problems for rod constructions the greatest interest has the spectrum of the natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes. It is proposed to use a two-node finite element in the case of plane bending vibrations of the rod. In this case, the nodal unknowns are deflections and turning angles the nodes. For the approximation of displacements we use a third-order polynomial. To find the spectrum eigenfrequencies and mode shapes is suggested to use a method of increasing stiffness, which is based on the minimization of functional of the Rayleigh type. The method coordinate wise descent is applied to solve the problem of minimizing the functional, which is one of the methods of nonlinear programming. We present numerical algorithm for solving the dynamics of rod structures.
STUDENTS’ VOICE ON FEEDBACK AND INSTRUCTIONS IN ACADEMIC WRITING
Authors: Hundarenko Olena
Published: December 2021

Although studies on the approaches and methods of teaching Academic Writing in university classroom are extensive, comparative studies on students’ evaluation of the classroom strategies and techniques applied are still scant. A current paper is based on our comparative research conducted both at Slovak and Hungarian universities at the faculty of Humanities. The objective of this particular study was to explore senior university students’ “voice” on feedback and instructions in EFL academic writing classroom. It suggests that the pinpoint is on the students’ viewpoint rather than their supervisors’. Therefore, our task was to scrutinize the students’ perspectives and based on them develop further research. Observably, the analysed data furnish more positive students’ responses (within both Group A-Slovak and Group B-Hungarian) on feedback, as well as on being graded and being recognised as a writer. However, grading might be an issue in EFL classroom: based on the research, it awakes heterogeneous opinions of the respondents. The final section of the questionnaire was aimed at finding out how instructions for writing during studies can be improved. It is notable that both groups (A and B) (from 66,67% to 100%) consider feedback, professional tutoring, online support and extra courses in writing as an effective tool for improving writing skills within academic curriculum. A logical follow-up of the study might be investigating most appropriate and “customer-friendly” ways of feedback and instruction. This might further instigate creating resources to support the unfolding of academic writing feedback across EFL program Europe-wide.
HIGHER EDUCATION LEARNERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS EMERGENCY ONLINE INSTRUCTION DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE CONTEXT OF TURKEY
Authors: Valizadeh Mohammadreza , Soltanpour Fatemeh
Published: December 2021

This mixed-methods study aimed at investigating the Turkish higher education learners’ attitudes towards Emergency Online Teaching (EOT) under the Covid-19 pandemic in order to discover the benefits and drawbacks of it. The participants were 251 higher education learners who received the EOT during the Covid-19 crisis in Turkey. Both qualitative and quantitative data were gathered by means of a questionnaire in August 2020. Quantitative data were obtained via closed-ended questions with the response on a Likert-scale format. Qualitative data were acquired through open-ended questions. The results showed that the hurried shift to an online instruction by universities in Turkey was not fully satisfactory and the majority of the respondents (74.1%) preferred face-to-face learning to the online format, however, the participants also stated that they felt safer during this pandemic disease thanks to the availability of distant online education. The drawbacks they mentioned included inadequate technological infrastructure or facilities, lack of sufficient teacher-student and peer interaction, lack of learners’ attention and concentration, tediousness of online lessons, learners’ inadequate engagement in class activities, as well as the absence of comprehensive assessment procedure.
DITADURA, TORTURA E VIOLÊNCIA DE GÊNERO: ALGUMAS NOTAS SOBRE O ROMANCE A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS TELHADOS, DE VANESSA MOLNAR
Authors: Da Silva Alves Cristiane
Published: December 2021

A partir do romance A importância dos telhados (2020), de Vanessa Molnar, o artigo busca refletir como as lembranças da protagonista revelam episódios da história pessoal e, também, coletiva. Percebe-se que na ditadura, ainda que homens e mulheres tenham sido aprisionados e torturados, no caso delas as consequências eram agravadas por sua condição de gênero. Embora ficcional, a história da personagem colabora para lançar luz sobre a História nacional e suas chagas. Para embasar as análises, recorre-se às contribuições de Eurídice Figueiredo (2017), Maria Rita Kehl (2010), Jeanne Marie Gagnebin (2006), Maurice Halbwachs (1990) e Márcio Seligmann-Silva (2000), entre outros.
Hypothetical Immunological and Immunogenetic Model of Heterogenous Effects of BCG Vaccination in SARS-CoV-2 Infections: BCG-induced Trained and Heterologous Immunity
Authors: Kovačić Dženan , Gajić Andrej A. , Latinović Dado , Softić Adna
Published: December 2021

Though SARS-CoV-2 infections are yet to be completely characterised in a host-pathogen interaction context, some of the mechanisms governing the interaction between the novel betacoronavirus and the human host, have been brought to light in satisfactory detail. Among the emerging evidence, postulates regarding potential benefits of innate immune memory and heterologous immunity have been put under discussion. Innate immune memory entails epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells caused by vaccination or infections, whereas heterologous immunity denotes cross-reactivity of T cells with unrelated epitopes and bystander CD8+ activation. Familiarization of the host immune system with a certain pathogen, educates monocytes, macrophages and other innate cells into phenotypes competent for combating unrelated pathogens. Indeed, the resolution at which non-specific innate immune memory occurs, is predominant at the level of enhanced cytokine secretion as a result of epigenetic alterations. One vaccine whose non-specific effects have been documented and harnessed in treating infections, cancer and autoimmunity, is the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine currently used for immunization against pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The BCG vaccine induces a diverse cytokine secretion profile in immunized subjects, which in turn may stimulate epigenetic changes mediated by immunoreceptor signalling. Herein, we provide a concise summarization of previous findings regarding the effects of the BCG vaccine on innate immune memory and heterologous immunity, supplemented with clinical evidence of the non-specific effects of this vaccine on non-mycobacterial infections, cancer and autoimmunity. This interpretative synthesis aims at providing a plausible immunological and immunogenetic model by which BCG vaccination may, in fact, be beneficial for the current efforts in combating COVID-19.
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum – a rare cause of chest pain and dyspnoe in children
Authors: Mikoś Marcin , Jończyk-Potoczna Katarzyna , Sobkowiak Paulina , Bręborowicz Anna , Nagła Edyta , Mrówczyńska Magdalena , Wojsyk-Banaszak Irena
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a very rare condition in children. Nevertheless it should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients who present with chest pain and dyspnoe.Aim. The aim of our study was to describe clinical presentation, management and outcomes of the paediatric patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinumMaterial and Methods. This was a retrospective analysis of the charts of all the patients who were admitted to the Department of Pneumonology, Paediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology in a ten year period from 01.01.2011 till 31.12.2020 in whom spontaneous pneumomediastinum was diagnosed.Results. There were 11 children (7 females) with spontaneous pneumomediastinum. The median age of the children was 11 years (range 3 to 17.5 years). Most of the children presented to the hospital with chest pain, three children complained of the neck swelling and four children developed dyspnoe. Three children with the primary spontaneous pneumomediastinum had a history of physical exercise prior to the onset of symptoms. The secondary spontaneous pneumomediastinum occurred in two children with asthma and 4 children with pneumonia. Genetic material of human Bocavirus was identified in 3 cases. In 81.8% of children pneumomediastinum was accompanied by subcutaneous emphysema and in one case, in a child with severe pneumonia and respiratory insufficiency caused by Bocavirus with pneumorrhachis. In 10 children computed tomography was performed, bronchoscopy in 4 and esophagoscopy in two children. There was no evidence of esophageal rupture or bronchial tree rupture in any of our patients. Three children with pneumonia and pneumomediastinum developed respiratory insufficiency, two of these were treated with mechanical ventilation and one with High Flow Nasal Cannula oxygen therapy. All the children received oxygen. In one child surgical procedure was performed and the drain was inserted into mediastinal space in order to decompress it. Outcome was favourable in all children. Mean time to recovery was 10.6 ± 1.2 days. There was no recurrence of symptoms in any of our patients.Conclusions. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in most cases is a benign condition, sporadically however it may progress rapidly, leading to respiratory insufficiency and warrant invasive management.
Planos nacionais de educação
Authors: Negreiros Heitor , Ferreira Neto Amarílio , Santos Wagner dos
Published: December 2021

Objetiva analisar as tensões pela implementação de culturas políticas distintas, a partir de diferentes propostas de Planos Nacionais de Educação (1997). Fundamenta-se na análise crítico-documental, tendo como fontes as propostas de Planos Nacionais de Educação do Executivo Federal e do II Coned. Utiliza como instrumento de auxílio o software IRAMUTEQ. Os resultados evidenciam que: a) os planos tinham diferentes propostas para a constituição da cultura político-educacional; b) a do Executivo Federal estava voltada para as recomendações dos organismos multilaterais, e a do II Coned tinha como foco a diminuição das desigualdades; c) ambas as propostas partiam de um mesmo diagnóstico, com as mesmas fontes, principalmente os documentos dos organismos multilaterais.
Numerical Solutions of the Hattendorff Differential Equation for Multi-state Markov Insurance Models
Authors: Ritchey Nathan , Rajaram Rajeev
Published: December 2021

We provide methodology and numerical results for the Hattendorff differential equa- tion for the continuous time evolution of the variance of L(j)t , the loss at time t random variable for a multi-state process, given that the state at time t is j.
Expert Demand for Consumer Sleep Technology Features and Wearable Devices
Authors: Devine Jaime K , Schwartz Lindsay P , Choynowski Jake , Hursh Steven R
Published: December 2021

Global demand for sleep-tracking wearables, or consumer sleep technologies (CSTs), is steadily increasing. CST marketing campaigns often feature a scientific component, but the scientific relevancy and monetary value of CST features within the sleep research community remains unquantified. Sleep medicine experts were recruited through social media and nonprobability sampling techniques to complete a survey identifying sleep metrics and device features that are most desirable to the scientific community. A hypothetical purchase task (HPT) estimated economic valuation for devices with different features by price. Forty-six (N=46) respondents with an average of 10±6 years’ experience conducting research in real-world settings completed the online survey. Total sleep time was ranked as the most important measure of sleep followed by objective sleep quality while sleep architecture/depth and diagnostic information were ranked as least important. Experts preferred wrist-worn devices that could reliably determine sleep episodes as short as 20 minutes. Economic value was greater for hypothetical devices with longer battery life. These data set a precedent to determine how scientific relevance of a product impacts the potential market value of a CST device. This is the first known attempt to establish consensus opinion or economic valuation for scientifically-desirable CST features and metrics using expert elicitation.
Effect of Internal Donors on Raman and IR Spectroscopic Fingerprints of MgCl2/TiCl4 Nanoclusters Determined by Machine Learning and DFT
Authors: D' Amore Maddalena , Taniike Toshiaki , Terano Minoru , Ferrari Anna Maria
Published: December 2021

Understanding the structure and properties of MgCl2/TiCl4/ID nanoclusters is a key to uncover the origin of Ziegler-Natta catalysis. In this work MgCl2/TiCl4 nanoplatelets derived by machine learning and DFT calculations have been used to model the interaction with ethyl-benzoate EB (as internal donor) with available exposed sites of binary TixCly/MgCl2 systems. The influence of vicinal Ti2Cl8 and coadsorbed TiCl4 on energetic, structural and spectroscopic behaviour of EB has been considered. The adsorption of homogeneous-like TiCl4EB and TiCl4(EB)2 at the various surface sites have been also simulated. Calculations have been carried out by employing B3LYP-D2 and M06 functionals. The adducts have been characterized by computing IR and Raman spectra that have been found to provide specific fingerprints useful to identify surface species; IR spectra have been successfully compared to available experimental data.
A Fast Electrical Resistivity-Based Algorithm to Measure and Visualize Two-Phase Swirling Flows
Authors: Sattar Muhammad Awais , Garcia Matheus Martinez , Portela Luis M , Babout Laurent
Published: December 2021

Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) has been used in the literature to monitor the gas-liquid separation. However, the image reconstruction algorithms used in the studies take a considerable amount of time to generate the tomograms, which is far above the time scales of the flow inside the inline separator and, as a consequence, the technique is not fast enough to capture all the rele-vant dynamics of the process, vital for control applications. This article proposes a new strategy based on the physics behind the measurement and simple logics to monitor the separation with a high temporal resolution by minimizing both the amount of data and the calculations required to reconstruct one frame of the flow. To demonstrate its potential, the electronics of an ERT system are used together with a high-speed camera to measure the flow inside an inline swirl separator. For the 16-electrode system used in this study, only 12 measurements are required to reconstruct the whole flow distribution with the proposed algorithm, 10x less than the minimum number of measurements of ERT (120). In terms of computational effort, the technique was shown to be 1000x faster than solving the inverse problem non-iteratively via the Gauss-Newton approach, one of the computationally cheapest techniques available. Therefore, this novel algorithm has the potential to achieve measurement speeds in the order of 104 times the ERT speed in the context of inline swirl separation, pointing to flow measurements at around 10kHz while keeping the aver-age estimation error below 6 mm in the worst case scenario.
Detection of Novel Biomarkers in Saliva of Rheumatoid Arthritis Model Mice by Proteomics and Pathological Analysis
Authors: Sakaguchi Wakako , Saruta Juri , Fuchida Shinya , Yamamoto Yuko , To Masahiro , Shimizu Tomoko , Yakeishi Mayumi , Tsukinoki Keiichi
Published: December 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease in which joints are gradually de-stroyed, and early diagnosis and treatment before joint deformation or destruction is im-portant. The detection of novel RA biomarkers in saliva may facilitate the early detection of RA before the onset of disease. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive proteomic analysis of salivary proteins from RA model mice. Proteins were identified by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum, saliva, and ankle joints from DBA/1JJmsSlc mice, a model of rheumatoid arthritis. Ankle joints and submandibular glands were hematoxylin and eosin stained and immunostained, and the results were compared with those of control mice. Citrullinated α1 antitrypsin (A1AT, 46 kDa) was commonly detected in saliva, serum, and ankle joints of severe RA model mice, and was confirmed by proteome analysis. Western blotting detected a band corresponding to 46 kDa in serum, saliva and ankle joints, and immunostaining of ankle joints with A1AT an-tibody showed a strong positive signal in the synovium. In DBA/1JJmsSlc mice, not only cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies but also A1AT may be involved in protein citrulli-nation and contribute to the development and severity of RA.
Sinkhole Flooding and Aquifer Recharge in Arid to Dry Sub-Humid Regions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Delle Rose Marco
Published: December 2021

Sinkhole flooding is an essential hydrological process to recharge karst aquifer in arid to dry sub-humid regions. On the other hand, the increase of rain extremes is one of the major consequences of the global warming, together with the expansion of drylands. Thus, appropriate runoff regulation in endorheic karst basins in order to reduce the risk of flooding and improve the quantity and quality of the water drained by sinkholes will be more and more crucial. With these premises, a systematic review was performed by using WoS engine to infer the best practices for the karst water management in regions actually or potentially affected by water scarcity. Hydrological models are essential to manage the consequences of climate change on karst water resource, however the review shows that providing the tools necessary for reliable modeling is still challenging. Finally, due to the intrinsic vulnerability of the karst aquifers, pollution reduction and wastewater recycling policy will play key role in the next decades.
Humic Acids Aggregates as Microheterogeneus Reaction Media: Alkaline Hydrolysis Reactions
Authors: Cid Antonio , García-Río L. , Mejuto Juan C. , Saavedra A.
Published: December 2021

The influence of humic aggregates in water solution upon the chemical stability under basic conditions of different substrates has been reviewed. The kinetic behavior of each substrate has been modelized in terms of micellar pseudophase model.
Modeling and Risk Analysis of Dam-Break Flooding in a Semi‐Arid Montane Watershed.
Authors: Gaagai Aissam , Aouissi Hani Amir , Krauklis Andrey E. , Burlakovs Juris , Athamena Ali , Zekker Ivar , Boudoukha Abderahmane , Benaabidate Lahcen , Chenchouni Haroun
Published: December 2021

The risk related to embankment dam breaches needs to be evaluated in order to prepare emergency action plans. The physical and hydrodynamic parameters of the flood wave generated from dam-failure event correspond to various breach parameters such as width, slope and formation time. This study aimed to simulate dam-breach failure scenario of Yabous dam (NE Algeria) and analyze its influence on areas (urban and natural environments) downstream the dam. The simulation was completed using the sensitivity analysis method in order to assess the impact of breach parameters on the dam-break scenario. The propagation of flood wave associated to dam-break was simulated using the one-dimensional HEC-RAS hydraulic model. This study ap-plied a sensitivity analysis of three breach parameters (slope, width, and formation time) in five sites selected downstream the embankment dam. The simulation showed that the maximum flow of the flood wave recorded at the level of the breach was 8768 m3/s, which gradually attenuated along the river course to reach 1579.2m3/s at about 8.5km downstream the dam. This study estab-lished the map of flood-prone areas that illustrated zones threatened with the flooding wave trig-gered by the dam failure due to extreme rainfall events. The sensitivity analysis showed that flood wave flow, height and width revealed positive and similar changes for the increase in adjustments (±25% and ±50%) of breach width and slope in the 5 sites. However, flood wave parameters of breach formation time showed significant trends that changed in the opposite direction compared to breach slope and width.
Common and Distinctive Intercellular Communication Patterns in Human Obstructive and Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Codden Christina J. , Chin Michael T.
Published: December 2021

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common inherited disorder characterized by unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy, with or without left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. Single nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) of both obstructive and nonobstructive HCM patient samples have revealed alterations in communication between various cell types but a direct and integrated comparison between the two HCM phenotypes has not been reported. We performed a bioinformatic analysis of HCM snRNA-seq datasets from obstructive and nonobstructive patient samples to identify differentially expressed genes and distinctive patterns of intercellular communication. Differential gene expression analysis revealed 37 differentially expressed genes, predominantly in cardiomyocytes but also in other cell types, relevant to aging, muscle contraction, cell motility and the extracellular matrix. Intercellular communication was generally reduced in HCM, affecting the extracellular matrix, growth factor binding, integrin binding, PDGF binding and SMAD binding, but with increases in adenylate cyclase binding, calcium channel inhibitor activity, and serine-threonine kinase activity in nonobstructive HCM. Increases in neuron to leukocyte and dendritic cell communication, in fibroblast to leukocyte and dendritic cell communication and in endothelial cell communication to other cell types, largely through changes in expression of integrin-b1 and its cognate ligands, were also noted. These findings indicate both common and distinct physiological mechanisms affecting the pathogenesis of obstructive and nonobstructive HCM and provide opportunities for personalized management of different HCM phenotypes.
SOFT SKILLS FORMATION IN FUTURE TEACHERS IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING THE COURSE “COACHING TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION”
Authors: Zelenska Lyudmila
Published: December 2021

the article reveals the meaning of the concept of soft skills, their role and significance for professional development and career growth. Based on the analysis of the Professional Standard for the professions “Primary school teacher”, “General secondary school teacher”, “Primary school teacher” (with a diploma of junior specialist) (identified a list of flexible skills that must have a modern teacher. Emphasis is placed on the importance of developing soft skills in applicants for higher pedagogical education at the stage of their professional training.

Based on the study of educational programs for higher education at the bachelor’s level in specialties 013 Primary education, 014 Secondary education (by subject specialization) the ways of their formation in the educational process are determined. The curriculum of the elective discipline of the general cycle of training “Coaching technologies in education” has been developed and tested as an additional resource for the formation of future teachers’ communication skills, leadership competencies, self-management skills, intellectual skills.
CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM OF MODERN HEALTH AND MEDICAL TOURISM
Authors: Mekhovych A.
Published: December 2021

The relevance of the statistic is amazed by the economic problems of the galusies themselves, due to the coronavirus infection COVID 19, which put on the order of the day the need for a glance at the traditional forms of organizing high prices and for tourism before tourism. It is stated in the statute that there is no fate at the link with the pandemic of travel to mass mandates, which has changed by an order of magnitude, but the task of not only developing new tourist routes, but preserving the health of tourists has become urgent. In connection with the cim, the market of health tourism has become aware of global changes, and the traditional sanatorium-and-spa mortgages and resorts are ceasing to be a miracle of health and wellness in the minds of the kidnapped health tourism center. Such a transformation of resort centers is zoomed in by the changing character of drinking and health services and the challenge of the need for a healthy way of life. More and more people will try to avoid adopting a physical form and may be required by anti-stress programs that have suffered from a disease caused by a pandemic. It is important that people of the middle age, as they make an active change, and are often surrounded by an hour.
FORMATION OF QUALITY CRITERIA OF ADVERTISING VIDEO USING THE METHOD OF ANALYSIS OF THE SAATI HIERARCHY
Authors: Pushkar Oleksandr , Tataryntseva Yuliia , Zaichenko Inna
Published: December 2021

The article contains substantiated criteria for the quality of an advertising video using the Saaty hierarchy analysis method. Thanks to the proposed recommendations, the enterprise can prioritize the video content development process and focus more on the significant criteria that affect the final result. The equivalence of the influence on the quality of the video of such criteria as the level of personnel qualifications, the quality of the script, the price and speed of creation, technical equipment has been proved. Other criteria are less important, but have their own contribution.
Mixed Adaptive Multistage Testing: A New Approach
Authors: RABORN Anthony , SARI Halil
Published: December 2021

Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) and computerized multistage testing (CMT) are two popular versions of adaptive testing with their own strengths and weaknesses. This study proposes and investigates a combination of the two procedures designed to capture these strengths while minimizing the weaknesses by replacing the standard MST routing module with a CAT-based, item-level routing module. A total of 3000 examinees were simulated from a truncated normal distribution with bounds at -3 and 3, and a simulation study was conducted. Simulation results indicate that the new method provides some efficiency improvements over traditional MST when both routing modules are the same size, and when the item-level routing module is larger, the improvements are greater. The study showed that the proposed test administration model could be used to measure student ability, meaning that our new method resulted in lower mean bias, lower RMSE, and higher correlation than traditional MST. An R package built from the code used for this paper is also introduced in the supplementary file. The limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are also presented.