bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Healthy Design of Residential Building Space Environment in the Post-epidemic Era
Authors: Zhou Xingrun
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected public safety and social economy around the world, bringing great risks to people's travel and communication. During the peak of the pandemic, people in some areas had to accept home isolation, and residential buildings became the main space for people to study, work, and live. This paper analyzes the relevant needs of the residential building space environment in this context. Based on the historical residential unit prototype, it proposes measures such as expanding personal boundaries, maintaining interpersonal social boundaries, reducing room area, using foldable equipment, and using green plants in a variety of ways from three aspects: controlling health boundaries, mixing residential functions, and shaping the facade system. This paper discusses the translation of the healthy design prototype of residential space in the post-epidemic era.
Green architectural design for the ecological “multi-pavilion” of the Meizhou Hakka Center
Authors: Chiu Chenyuan , Liu Junjie , Cai Changfa , Zhong Yiman , Luo Ziwei , Chen Xilin , Lin Yuyan
Published: February 2025

In order to adapt to the growing trend of industrial tourism in Meizhou City, it is necessary to design a green building that conforms to the ecological “multi-pavilion”, so the building integrates three pavilions: the exhibition hall, the prefabricated vegetable experience restaurant, and the prefabricated vegetable mini-processing plant. With a roof garden, natural ventilation, natural lighting and green building materials, the building combines traditional single-pavilion design with modern technology, taking into full consideration the concept of sustainable development, which not only provides a favorable visiting environment for visitors, but also meets the needs of different types of MICE activities without compromising the visitors' experience. The energy saving potential of passive cooling strategies such as shading devices, upgraded glazing, wall and roof insulation and green roofs were evaluated using DesignBuilder software. The results showed that the addition of insulation could significantly reduce the cooling load by about 52% inside the building.The design uses modern technology to analyze four passive strategies - exterior green space, thermal mass walls, window-to-wall ratios (WWR), and shading - and shows that thermal mass walls and exterior green space are particularly effective in reducing cooling energy demand by up to 25%. Adjusting the WWR and adopting solar shading also saved energy by minimizing direct solar gain and improving natural ventilation. Ultimately, the design will be a vibrant, green and distinctive building that meets the needs of the industrial tourism development in Meizhou City and will become a new landmark building for industrial tourism in Meizhou City, providing visitors with an unforgettable experience.
Research on the Construction of Gene Map and Digitization Path of Traditional Village dwellings Culture in Chongqing
Authors: Wei Yuan , Shi Jingyuan , Gao Yuxin
Published: February 2025

Traditional village residences are an important part of Chinese culture, but with the development of modernization, traditional villages are facing the dilemma of cultural inheritance. In order to protect and inherit traditional villages, this article uses the theory of cultural genes to collect and organize data on traditional village dwellings in Chongqing from multiple dimensions such as history, geography, and society. Cultural genes are classified and encoded to construct a cultural gene map of traditional village dwellings in Chongqing, in order to better understand and inherit the culture of traditional villages and dwellings. In addition, through the establishment of a multidimensional fusion of cultural gene mapping digital paths, we explore archival protection, revitalization, and inheritance methods with high precision and efficiency.
Research on Simulation and Dynamic Pressure Prediction of Pipeline Transient Conditions Based on Fluent and Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Feiyan , Lv Mou , Dong Shen , Li Hang , Lu Chenggang
Published: February 2025

The study of pressure change characteristics under failure conditions of pipeline sections, such as pipe burst and leakage loss, is of great significance to the safety of urban water supply network and leakage prevention and control. At present, most of the related technical research is based on the steady-state hydraulic model, which has low accuracy and cannot accurately obtain the transient law of water flow in the pipeline under the failure conditions. To solve this problem, a transient hydraulic model of pipeline failure is established based on the Navier-Stokes equations, the finite volume method and the hydrodynamic control equations, which is solved by the finite element analysis method to realize the pipeline transient pressure simulation and transient characteristic analysis. On this basis, based on the transient pressure data, the pipeline transient pressure simulation and prediction model based on the LSTM neural network is constructed to analyze the pressure response characteristics of the pipeline under the failure conditions, and to dynamically predict the transient pressure of the pipeline at multiple points during the occurrence of bursting, leakage, and so on. Example applications show that the average absolute percentage error of pipeline transient pressure prediction is stabilizes at less than 0.2%, and the constructed pipeline failure transient hydraulic model and transient pressure simulation model have high computational accuracy. The coupled application of the two models can realize the dynamic simulation and prediction of the pressure under the pipeline failure conditions, which can help to provide an important theoretical basis for the further development of scientific and efficient leakage state pattern identification and accurate leakage location through the transient pressure characterization, and provide effective technical support for water supply enterprises in leakage monitoring and control.
Research on calculation formula of cable force test under the influence of shock absorber
Authors: Chen Quan , Xu Shangchuan , Zhou Xueming
Published: February 2025

Based on the theory of structural vibration and the calculation formula of cable force considering the bending stiffness of cable, the practical calculation formula of cable force considering the influence of shock absorber is derived by using the law of conservation of energy. When the above factors affecting the cable force are not considered, the formula is the classical string vibration formula. By comparing the traditional cable force formula with the modified formula containing shock absorber, the calculation formula of the effective length of the cable is derived. The calculation formula of effective length has taken the influence of shock absorber into account. The cable force value can be calculated by taking the effective length of derrick into the classical mechanics formula. The accuracy of the practical formula for calculating the cable force and the effective length of the articulated cable considering the influence of shock absorber is verified by the frequency measurement results of the real bridge. Compared with the traditional cable force formula, the calculation accuracy of the cable force formula presented in this paper is higher.
Method for Intelligent Construction Component Information Indexing Based on Image Recognition in BIM Environment
Authors: Shao Zimu , Zhang Hong
Published: February 2025

In the context of intelligent construction, smart design and construction have become one of the core themes in the architecture industry. To realize this theme of intelligence, it is necessary not only to achieve informatization throughout the entire process but also to enhance the level of automation of intelligent construction equipment. This paper investigates how intelligent construction equipment can perceive the construction site by proposing a BIM information indexing method that integrates image recognition technology. Through image recognition, the equipment gains a fundamental classification understanding of prefabricated components present on-site. It then combines this perception with structured BIM data to perform further information inference. Ultimately, this enables intelligent equipment to index various essential information required for automated construction through visual content.
Study on the effect of different air-entraining agents on the properties of concrete
Authors: Wu Jinsong
Published: February 2025

Different types of air entraining agents (sodium dodecyl sulfate (K12), sodium alpha alkenesulfonate (AOS), and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) air entraining agents) were selected to study the properties of concrete. Research has shown that the air entraining effect of the air entraining agent is ranked from high to low as follows: sodium dodecyl sulfate (K12), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO), and sodium alpha alkenesulfonate (AOS). K12 has a better foam stabilization effect than AEO; In fresh concrete C50 mixed with air entraining agent, the time of concrete loss is prolonged and positively correlated with the apparent density. The extension of stirring time is negatively correlated with the apparent density. And there is a positive correlation between apparent density and compressive strength.
Application research on mechanical properties of wet shotcrete based on fly ash and sand ratio under rubber particles
Authors: Wu Suobo , Jin Zhengchao , Fang Guangxiu , Zhong Zhixian , Piao Xingchen
Published: February 2025

Sustainable development is a hot topic in the world in recent years. For example, Casablanca has pioneered sustainable management methods [1], the use of solid waste in shotcrete is an important measure to alleviate the shortage of sand and gravel resources in China and to help the implementation of the " double carbon " strategy [2]. In this paper, the two-factor three-level test method is used to explore the best mix ratio of wet shotcrete by comparing the flow performance and mechanical properties of wet shotcrete. The content of waste rubber particles is used as a quantitative factor, and the two factors of fly ash replacement rate and sand rate are used as variables. The results show that the water reducing agent can effectively increase the fluidity of concrete. With the increase of sand ratio in a certain range, the compressive strength of concrete also increases. With the increase of fly ash replacement rate, the compressive strength of concrete increases first and then decreases. The optimum mix ratio of wet shotcrete is obtained through experiments : the water- binder ratio is 0.5, the rubber particle content is 16.66 kg / m3, the fly ash replacement rate is 15%, and the sand ratio is 45%. This study provides a wet-sprayed concrete made from solid waste, and provides effective measures for the implementation of the ' double carbon ' strategy.
Research on the Synthesis and Performance of High-Performance Polycarboxylate Superplasticizers
Authors: Peng Shengxin
Published: February 2025

In this study, high-workability polyc-arboxylate superplasticcizers (PCEs) were prepared throug- h aqueous radical polymerization using ethylene glycol monovinyl ether (EPEG-3000), acrylic acid (AA), and a polymeric functional monomer (a small unsaturated monomer with phosphate ester groups) as raw materials. Hydrogen peroxide/sodium bisulfite was employed as the initiation system, and mercaptoethanol (ME) served as the chain transfer agent. Based on single-factor experiments, the effects of the raw materials and theirquantities on the performance of the PCEs were investigated. Optimal performance was achieved under the conditions of an acid-to-ether ratio of 4.51, a reaction temperature of 20°C, and with the polymeric functional monomer and chain transfer agent dosages set at 2.22% and 0.44% of the EPEG-3000 mass, respectively. Structural characterization confirmed that the molecular structure of the synthesized product matched the expected design.
Research on the prediction method of debris flow susceptibility based on PSO-LSTM-SAM
Authors: Han Zhaoliang , Li Xiang , Li Bo , Wu Kun , He Zhongquan , Hua Zexi
Published: February 2025

To mitigate the losses caused by debris flow disasters, effective prediction methods are essential. However, traditional approaches often suffer from low accuracy and poor generalization in predicting debris flow events. To address these issues, this paper proposes a debris flow risk prediction method based on a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network, enhanced with a Self-Attention Mechanism (PSO-LSTM-SAM). By conducting slope debris flow simulation experiments, data were collected and processed from soil moisture content sensors, earth pressure sensors, and soil shear parameter measurements. The PSO-LSTM-SAM model was developed to improve the extraction of critical features and achieve accurate predictions of debris flow susceptibility. Finally, the results show that the proposed method can predict mudslide susceptibility with an accuracy of 88.4%, which is a significant improvement in mudslide prediction accuracy compared with the traditional algorithm, and verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Analysis of structural force characteristics of crescent-shaped stacked arch continuous girder bridge
Authors: Chen Quan , Zhou Xueming , Xu Shangchuan
Published: February 2025

Through the finite element analysis software simulation of Lankao Special Bridge (40+168+40)m down-loaded steel-tube concrete tie-arch stacked-arch continuous girder bridge and on-site measured data, the crescent-shaped stacked arch in the bridge and the overall structure of the whole bridge are analysed in terms of force characteristics and stability. (1) Using Midas/Civil finite element analysis tool, a series of suggestions and methods are proposed for the construction of geometric model, simplification of solids, selection of cell type, setting of load SC, loading application method and simulation of boundary conditions of the bridge, etc., which can be used as a reference for the construction of finite element models of similar bridges. (2) The force characteristics and stability of the crescent-shaped stacked arch ribs and the whole bridge are calculated and analysed with measured and simulated data. (3) On the basis of static test analysis, the local stress study and analysis of the boom rope force and anchorage block parts were carried out. The results of the study show that: the construction programme is more reasonable after construction of main girders, column supports and arch ribs assembled in sequence, and then the construction programme of second-phase constant load is more reasonable, and the construction programme meets the requirements of the stress and stability of the whole bridge; the strength, stiffness and stability of (40+168+40)m span top- bearing tie-stayed stacked arch bridge meet the requirements, and the crescent-shaped stacked arch ribs have better mechanical properties than those of traditional arch bridges.
Comparison of International Low-Carbon and sustainable District Evaluation Systems and the Implications for China
Authors: Xu Huiming , Wang Lu , Geng Ruoxi , Li Ji , Zhang Changhao , Lu Fei
Published: February 2025

To mitigate global warming, various nations have pledged to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by implementing legislative, policy, and standardization measures. Districts, as key spatial units, are critical for advancing carbon reduction, especially in China, where building operations contribute significantly to total energy consumption. However, systematic research on low-carbon districts remains limited, highlighting the need for robust evaluation frameworks. This paper presents a comparative analysis of three major international low-carbon and sustainable district certification systems: LEED-ND, BREEAM Communities, and DGNB System for Districts. It reveals the unique applications and differences of these systems in the sustainability assessment of districts. Based on the research analysis, all three systems demonstrate significant advantages in lifecycle management, low carbon emissions, resource conservation and social benefits enhancement. However, they exhibit differences in evaluation scope: LEED-ND emphasis on early planning of community design and green infrastructure; BREEAM Communities balances transportation, resource management, and ecological protection; and DGNB System for Districts underscores comprehensive quality control and economic efficiency throughout the lifecycle. The comparison provides insights into practical standards for developing low-carbon districts, offering guidance for establishing localized evaluation frameworks in China. The paper recommends integrating strengths from each system to enhance the management and implementation of zero-carbon districts.
Optimization Study of PVT Coupled Water Loop Heat Pump Energy Supply System
Authors: Lv Tiangang , Liu Bing , Wu Jun , Zhu Li , Hou Jingxuan
Published: February 2025

Building energy consumption accounts for a large proportion of total global energy consumption, and heating and air conditioning energy consumption is a key control point for building energy efficiency. Coupling water-loop heat pumps with PVT system can improve system stability and increase building energy efficiency. This study designs a building energy supply system integrating PVT and a water-loop heat pump based on Tianjin's meteorological data, using TRNSYS software to establish a dynamic model. By employing the Hooke-Jeeves algorithm, the system's design and operation parameters were optimized with annual cost and system COP as objective functions. Design variables included PVT inclination, azimuth, area, heat pump capacity, and tank volume, while operational variables were PVT backplate temperature and tank temperature. Results indicate optimal settings: PVT inclination at 44.8°, azimuth at 3.8°, area of 213.7 m2, heat pump capacity of 118.4 kW, and tank volume of 8.6 m3, reducing annual costs by 6.01%. Operationally, T1-T2 limits are 8℃ (upper) and 3℃ (lower), while T2 ranges from 15℃ to 47℃, achieving the highest COP, with a 4%- 6% improvement compared to pre-optimization.
Dispersal and evolution of the invasive snail Pomacea canaliculata, an intermediate host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis: A field study around its initial introduction site in South China
Authors: Luo Du , Zhang Haitao , Gu Dangen , Mu Xidong , Song Hongmei , Yang Yexin , Xu Meng , Luo Jianren , Hu Yinchang
Published: February 2025

Eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an emerging infectious disease in mainland China due to the invasive apple snail species serving as the primary source of infection. However, knowledge regarding the snail’s natural distribution, population structure and phenotypic characteristics is limited. To better understand the parasite vector Pomacea canaliculata, a large-scale field survey was conducted around its initial introduction site in South China. We assessed 564 sampling sites and measured 10,145 snails with shell heights exceeding 1.5 cm. The average population density was 20.31 ± 11.55 snails/m². Morphological analysis indicated an average body mass of 8.93 ± 3.95 g, a shell height of 3.38 ± 0.66 cm, a sex ratio of 2.39 ± 1.01 females to males, and a shell color ratio of 9.34 ± 7.52 brown to yellow. Notably, body mass was significantly correlated with shell height (r = 0.88, p < 0.01) and shell color (r = 0.55, p < 0.05). Spatial correlation analysis revealed that shell height was the only factor significantly spatially autocorrelated (MI = 0.27, z = 2.20, p = 0.03), with weak autocorrelations observed in body mass and shell color. The geographic variations in phenotypic traits suggest a human-mediated evolutionary process in snail populations and highlight the complexity of the parasite transmission system. These findings may enhance the assessment of the epidemiological health risks associated with angiostrongyliasis and inform strategies for controlling infectious snails.
Nicht-interventionelle Studie (NIS) zum Einfluss eines
Rosenwurz-Präparats auf das Wirkempfinden, die Verbesserung der Symptomatik und
der Lebensqualität von Patienten mit Stresssymptomen in akuten
Belastungsphasen
Authors: Eder Denise , Rotmann Andre , Kassen Annette
Published: February 2025

Extrakte von Rhodiola rosea (Rosenwurz) werden seit Langem als Adaptogen
zur Linderung von Stresssymptomen wie Müdigkeit und Erschöpfung eingesetzt. Zur
Erhebung der Veränderung der klinischen Symptomatik und der Lebensqualität bei
Patienten mit Stresssymptomen in akuten Belastungsphasen wurde eine
nicht-interventionelle Studie (NIS, n=48) durchgeführt. Nach der 4-wöchigen
Einnahme eines Rosenwurz-Extraktes zeigte sich mithilfe des Kurzfragebogens zur
aktuellen Beanspruchung (KAB) eine signifikante Verbesserung bezüglich der
subjektiv erlebten Beanspruchung. Gleichzeitig nahm die Lebensqualität zu
(Münchner Lebensqualitäts-Dimensionen Liste [MLDL]) und das empfundene
Stresslevel sank (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]). Die Ergebnisse dieser NIS
zeigen, dass sich die Einnahme eines Rosenwurz-Extraktes positiv auf das
individuelle Stressempfinden und die Lebensqualität auswirken kann.
Tumor-induzierte Osteomalazie
Authors: Beil Frank Timo , Rolvien Tim , Hubert Jan , Ries Christian , Amling Michael , Oheim Ralf
Published: February 2025

Die Tumor-induzierte Osteomalazie (TIO) – auch als Onkogene Osteomalazie (OOM) bezeichnet – ist eine seltene, aber klinisch bedeutsame Erkrankung, welche durch benigne mesenchymale Tumoren hervorgerufen wird. Diese Tumoren sekretieren den Phosphatonin Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23), welcher u. a. die Phosphatrückresorption in den Nieren hemmt und dadurch zu einer systemischen Hypophosphatämie und konsekutiv zu einer Osteomalazie führt. Die Tumor-induzierte Osteomalazie ist klinisch mit einer Muskelschwäche, Knochenschmerzen und einer erhöhten Frakturanfälligkeit, insbesondere für Pseudo- und Insuffizienzfrakturen, verbunden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen pathophysiologischen Mechanismen, diagnostischen Herausforderungen und Behandlungsstrategien der Tumor-induzierten Osteomalazie.
Hüftendoprothetik bei Osteoporose
Authors: Niemeier Andreas
Published: February 2025

Osteoporose stellt sowohl bei Frakturprothesen der Hüfte als auch bei elektiven Hüftprothesen eine prävalente und relevante Komorbidität dar. Nahezu 100 % aller Patienten, die wegen einer Fragilitätsfraktur des proximalen Femurs eine Hüftendoprothese erhalten und etwa 30 % aller Patienten, die eine elektive Hüftendoprothese implantiert bekommen, weisen eine manifeste, medikamentös behandlungsbedürftige Osteoporose auf. Die demografische Entwicklung in der EU hat eine deutliche Zunahme sowohl der Coxarthroseprävalenz als auch der Osteoporoseprävalenz zur Folge. Trotzdem wird weiterhin ein Großteil (> 50 %) der Patienten mit behandlungsflichtiger Osteoporose in den meisten europäischen Ländern selbst nach eingetretener Fragilitätsfraktur nicht adäquat therapiert. Es ist wesentlich, die Osteoporose als Risikofaktor für intra- und postoperative periprothetische Frakturen und für aseptische Prothesenlockerungen zu erkennen. Ab dem 75. Lebensjahr besteht bei Verwendung zementfreier Schäfte ein signifikant erhöhtes Revisionsrisiko im Vergleich zu zementierten Schäften. Osteoporosescreening und -therapie sollte daher Bestandteil des Behandlungsalgorithmus im Rahmen der Hüftendoprothetik des älteren Menschen sein.
Die Familie als Ganzes verstehen – Familienzentrierung
Authors: Junkers Anja , Hiebl Sara
Published: February 2025

In der Pädiatrie sind in der Regel die Kinder die Klient*innen in der Ergotherapie. Eltern und andere Bezugspersonen spielen im Alltag der Heranwachsenden zwar eine entscheidende Rolle, sind aber oft nur wenig aktiv an der Therapie beteiligt. Mithilfe des familienzentrierten Ansatzes können Ergotherapeut*innen das ändern.
Einfluss dysfunktionaler Schon- und Durchhaltemuster auf die
Aufrechterhaltung von Post-COVID Fatigue?
Authors: Kupferschmitt Alexa Alica , Determeyer Nina , Hasenbring Monika , Langheim Eike , Köllner Volker
Published: February 2025

Nach einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion entwickeln ca. 10% der Patient*innen eine
Post-COVID-Symptomatik, Fatigue ist eines der häufigsten Symptome. Diese
führt zu einer erheblichen Einschränkung der Lebens-qualität und zu einem
hohen Arbeitsausfall. Bei der Chronifizierung von Schmerzen sind
dysfunktionale Muster im Sinne des Avoidance/Endurance Konzepts relevant und
die klinische Erfahrung mit PCS-Patienten zeigt, dass diese auch hier eine
Rolle spielen könnten.

Die explorative Beobachtungsstudie überprüft die Annahme, dass maladaptive
Angst-Vermeidungsreaktionen oder Durchhaltereaktionen bei der
Aufrechterhaltung von Post-COVID-Fatigue-Symptomen einen signifikanten
Einfluß haben.

Bei N=97 Patient*innen mit Post-COVID-Fatiguesymptomatik aus einer
Rehabilitationseinrichtung wurden mit den Selbstbeurteilungsfragebögen
Fatigue (FSMC), Avoidance-Endurance-Verhalten (AEQ) sowie psychologische und
arbeitsbezogene Variablen erfasst, zusätzlich wurde ein 6-Minuten Gehtest
durchgeführt.

Es ergab sich folgendes Verteilungsmuster: 2/3 distress Durchhalten, 1/3
Vermeiden und keine adäquaten Coper. Das
Ängstlich-Vermeidende-Reaktionsmuster konnte signifikant Varianz in der
Fatigueausprägung aufklären (F (3, 88)=17,072, p<0,001; R²=0,368). Die
Vermeidung körperlicher Aktivität steht mit einer erhöhten Anzahl an
AU-Tagen in Verbindung.

Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Annahme, dass maladaptive Reaktionsmuster
einen Beitrag zur Chronifizierung der Post-COVID-Symptomatik leisten, dies
sollte allerdings in einer prospektiven Studie überprüft werden. Dies
spricht angesichts dieser chronifizierten Stichprobe für die Bedeutung
dieser Konstrukte. Durch Screenings könnte man diese im Vorfeld
herausfiltern und gezieltere, individuell abgestimmte Therapien
durchführen.
Microfluidics for the biological analysis of atmospheric ice-nucleating particles: Perspectives and challenges
Authors: Tarn Mark D. , Shaw Kirsty J. , Foster Polly B. , West Jon S. , Johnston Ian D. , McCluskey Daniel K. , Peyman Sally A. , Murray Benjamin J.
Published: February 2025

Atmospheric ice-nucleating particles (INPs) make up a vanishingly small proportion of atmospheric aerosol but are key to triggering the freezing of supercooled liquid water droplets, altering the lifetime and radiative properties of clouds and having a substantial impact on weather and climate. However, INPs are notoriously difficult to model due to a lack of information on their global sources, sinks, concentrations, and activity, necessitating the development of new instrumentation for quantifying and characterizing INPs in a rapid and automated manner. Microfluidic technology has been increasingly adopted by ice nucleation research groups in recent years as a means of performing droplet freezing analysis of INPs, enabling the measurement of hundreds or thousands of droplets per experiment at temperatures down to the homogeneous freezing of water. The potential for microfluidics extends far beyond this, with an entire toolbox of bioanalytical separation and detection techniques developed over 30 years for medical applications. Such methods could easily be adapted to biological and biogenic INP analysis to revolutionize the field, for example, in the identification and quantification of ice-nucleating bacteria and fungi. Combined with miniaturized sampling techniques, we can envisage the development and deployment of microfluidic sample-to-answer platforms for automated, user-friendly sampling and analysis of biological INPs in the field that would enable a greater understanding of their global and seasonal activity. Here, we review the various components that such a platform would incorporate to highlight the feasibility, and the challenges, of such an endeavor, from sampling and droplet freezing assays to separations and bioanalysis.
Anomalous coercive field enhancement and phase transitions in 30Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–40Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–30PbTiO3 ferroelectrics under pressure
Authors: Luo Yongfa , Chen Qian , Yao Xiaodong , Zheng Qunfei , Han Jun , Cheng Wenjing , Li Chenkai , Liu Jingyi , Jin Cheng , Chen Jian , Zhao Xiangyong , Wang Shanmin , Liu Ying , Qin Xiaomei , Zhu Jinlong
Published: February 2025

We investigated the spectroscopy and ferroelectric properties of 30Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–40Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–30PbTiO3 (30PIN-40PMN-30PT) single crystal as a function of pressure up to about 5 GPa. The hysteresis loops indicate that the ferroelectric properties of 30PIN-40PMN-30PT remain relatively stable below 1.4 GPa. Beyond this threshold, polarization experiences a sharp decline from 1.4 to 2.4 GPa, accompanied by an anomalous increase in coercive field (Ec) in this pressure range. The maintenance of polarization before 1.4 GPa is due to the slight suppression of lattice distortion in the ambient phase and strong suppression after that is from a phase transition and coexistence of multiphases, the latter of which also leads to the enhancement of Ec. When the phase transfers to a pure tetragonal phase after 2.4 GPa, polarization stabilizes at a plateau once more. At 4.0 GPa, current loop measurements reveal a complete loss of ferroelectric properties, signifying a structural phase transition to a paraelectric phase, evidenced by a new Raman peak at 370 cm−1. Further compression results in an absence of ferroelectricity altogether. These findings demonstrate that the material composition of 30PIN-40PMN-30PT is capable of enduring certain high pressure while maintaining commendable ferroelectric properties—providing crucial support for applications in deep-sea transducers.
Combining an in situ device fabrication and six-probe electrical transport measurement system with low-energy electron microscopy
Authors: Zhao Jin , Bespalov Ivan , Wu Rongting , Božović Ivan
Published: February 2025

Two-dimensional (2D) quantum materials, including several analogs of graphene (“X-enes”), are of great current research interest. However, some of the potentially most exciting ones are reactive and sensitive to exposure to the atmosphere, which hampered the experimental study of their key physical properties. Here, we introduce an experimental setup that integrates sub-atomic-layer-resolved molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) synthesis, real-time low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and in situ six-probe electrical transport measurements. The six-probe apparatus is equipped with a dry cryocooler for reaching cryogenic temperatures, a piezoelectric XYZ nano-positioning stage for high-precision motion of the six probes, and an in situ device fabrication system for the deposition of custom-shaped gold electrodes. This design enables the six-probe system to perform both AC and DC resistance measurements on 2D quantum materials along multiple orientations within the temperature range of 5K < T < 400 K. The modules are interconnected under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), and the samples can be synthesized by MBE, imaged by LEEM, and R(T) dependence measured without any surface contamination. We present the first experimental results that test and validate the performance of the six-probe system by transport measurements on several materials, including semiconductors and superconductors. This new instrument is proven to be a versatile platform for studying atmosphere-sensitive quantum materials.
Review of Scientific Instruments New Products
Authors: Mandelis Andreas
Published: February 2025

In order to supplement manufacturers’ information, this department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials that supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.
A grey nurse shark from the Northern Territory of Australia shares a mitochondrial haplotype only recorded from the western Australian population
Authors: Krause Sara , Stow Adam
Published: February 2025

Context The critically endangered grey nurse shark (Carcharias taurus) is a widely distributed coastal to near coastal species. Overexploitation has resulted in severe global population declines, including in Australian waters, where two genetically distinct populations are known to exist in temperate to subtropical waters off the eastern and western coasts of the continent. However, occasional sightings of C. taurus have been reported in the Timor Sea and Northern Territory waters. Aims In this small-scale study, we aimed to evaluate whether a single C. taurus individual captured in waters off the Northern Territory of Australia belongs to the Critically Endangered eastern Australian population. Methods On the basis of previously identified mitochondrial haplotypes for this species, we aligned the mtDNA control regions of the Northern Territory individual with sequence data from eastern and western Australian samples. Key results The sequence alignment showed a haplotype unique to western Australia (Haplotype E). Conclusions The individual caught in Northern Territory waters is genetically compatible with the western Australian population. Implications These data suggest that C. taurus occurring off the Northern Territory do not represent an extension of the Critically Endangered eastern coast population and also highlighted the need for future research on the understudied grey nurse shark in tropical waters off northern Australia.
Artificial intelligence integration in three iOS pronunciation apps
Authors: Kaiser DJ
Published: February 2025

Claims of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into mobile applications for pronunciation training date back
to at least 2011 with the iOS app T Accent (Arivoc Education International, 2011),
which used automatic speech recognition (ASR) to provide “Goodness of Pronunciation” (GOP) ratings (Witt & Young, 2000). AI has advanced significantly since 2011, most noticeably with the 2022 release
of OpenAI’s ChatGPT, which made chatbots powered by generative AI more widely available. AI has led to new applications in
pronunciation apps that can evaluate pronunciation and integrate communicative role-play activities. This article examines ASR and
chatbot integration in three iOS apps: ELSA Speak, Loora, and Vocal Image. Feedback provided by these apps is frequently
inaccurate and often limited to consonant and vowel sounds. This article cautions teachers and learners about the current
limitations of these apps and provides recommendations for incorporating AI-powered tools into today’s pronunciation
classrooms.
Hierarchical integration of nanopillars and nanochannels in a nanofluidic device for single-nanoparticle detection
Authors: Kakiuchi Rina , Kazoe Yutaka
Published: February 2025

Nanofluidics using 10–1000 nm nanochannels has been developed, and the analysis of single nanoparticles such as extracellular vesicles and macromolecules utilizing the smallness of nanospaces are expected. Electrical detection with resistive pulse sensing (RPS) using a channel comparable in size to the nanoparticle is effective even for non-fluorescent analytes, but integration of an ultra-small RPS nanochannel with other micro- and nanochannels for transport and chemical processing without clogging the channels is still a challenging. In the present study, a nanofluidic device with the function of single nanoparticle detection using RPS was developed. Considering 60 nm fluorescent nanoparticles as a model sample, we designed a nanofluidic device with a hierarchical structure of microchannels (depth: 8 μm) for sample injection, and a filtering nanochannel (depth: 400 nm) containing nanopillars and a downstream nanochannel (depth: 400 nm) which are connected by an RPS nanochannel with a diameter comparable to the nanoparticle size. A top–down fabrication process by electron beam lithography and dry etching was developed to realize the hierarchical structure with an RPS nanochannel of 90 nm width, 80 nm depth and 400 nm length, which is sufficiently small for the electrical detection, and the nanopillars of 90 nm spacing for filtering aggregated nanoparticles. Using the fabricated device, the electrophoretic transport, filtering and detection of a 60 nm fluorescent nanoparticle was demonstrated. An electrical signal peak with a current reduction of 5.3% was detected, in agreement with the designed value, when a nanoparticle passes through the RPS nanochannel. The developed device will contribute to the realization of single nanoparticle analysis by nanofluidics for biology and medicine.
Fault diagnosis of planetary gears in noisy environments using a VMTransformer model
Authors: Wang Dexian , Xu Xingye , Yang Jinghui , Liu Qilong , Huang Delin
Published: February 2025

As a green and renewable energy source, wind energy experienced considerable growth, offshore wind power technology is increasingly valued by nations worldwide. Planetary gearboxes are critical but failure-prone components in wind turbines, which present a significant risk to the operational stability of the entire system. To address the issue of noise interference in the vibration signals of gearboxes under extreme conditions, this paper proposes the VMTransformer model, which integrates, variational mode decomposition (VMD) and the multichannel transformer for the fault diagnosis of planetary gear in wind turbine generators. The noise in the vibration signal is decomposed and reconstructed in the frequency domain using the VMD, and the significant frequency information is retained for signal noise reduction. The results of the decomposition are subjected to multi-scale feature fusion over multiple channels, which can maximize the frequency domain information provided by the VMD to further refine and enhance the model’s ability to extract important features in the signal. Efficient channel attention is incorporated into the transformer model to suppress redundant information, enhancing the extraction of relevant information from each channel, and improving both the model’s stability. The experimental results demonstrate that the model proposed in this paper obtains an accuracy of 98.62%, which is a significant improvement over other models, and the model also performs well in noisy environment.
DRACO: differentiable reconstruction for arbitrary CBCT orbits
Authors: Ye Chengze , Schneider Linda-Sophie , Sun Yipeng , Thies Mareike , Mei Siyuan , Maier Andreas
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study introduces a novel method for reconstructing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images for arbitrary orbits, addressing the computational and memory challenges associated with traditional iterative reconstruction algorithms. Approach: The proposed method employs a differentiable shift-variant filtered backprojection neural network, optimized for arbitrary trajectories. By integrating known operators into the learning model, the approach minimizes the number of trainable parameters while enhancing model interpretability. This framework adapts seamlessly to specific orbit geometries, including non-continuous trajectories such as circular-plus-arc or sinusoidal paths, enabling faster and more accurate CBCT reconstructions. Main Results: Experimental validation demonstrates that the method significantly accelerates reconstruction, reducing computation time by over 97% compared to conventional iterative algorithms. It achieves superior or comparable image quality with reduced noise, as evidenced by a 38.6% reduction in mean squared error, a 7.7% increase in peak signal-to-noise ratio, and a 5.0% improvement in the structural similarity index measure. The flexibility and robustness of the approach are confirmed through its ability to handle data from diverse scan geometries. Significance: This method represents a significant advancement in interventional medical imaging, particularly for robotic C-arm CT systems, enabling real-time, high-quality CBCT reconstructions for customized orbits. It offers a transformative solution for clinical applications requiring computational efficiency and precision in imaging. Code Availability: Code is available at https://github.com/ChengzeYe/Defrise-and-Clack-reconstruction.
Connecting recent JET isotope L-H transition studies to H-mode access in new ITER scenarios
Authors: Vincenzi Pietro , Delabie Ephrem , Loarte Alberto , Schneider Mireille , Solano Emilia R
Published: February 2025

This paper reviews recent experimental advances in characterising the low-to-high confinement mode (L-H) transition in tokamaks, with a particular focus on ITER-relevant results from JET and metallic wall tokamaks. Achieving H-mode is critical for the success of ITER, and the robustness of the H-mode access in the recently revised ITER research plan is assessed in the present paper. Findings from JET and metallic wall machines are applied to ITER predictions for both the early and nuclear operational phases. Notably, a new multi-machine, metallic wall-specific scaling of the L-H power threshold is applied to ITER scenarios, revealing significant deviations from the widely used ITPA 2008 scaling derived primarily from C-wall machines. JET findings on the L-H transition dependence on plasma isotope mass are applied to ITER, which will first explore H-mode in Deuterium plasmas before progressing to Deuterium-Tritium plasmas. Achieving H-mode in Hydrogen plasmas is deemed unlikely under the available heating and current drive (H&CD) power and, therefore, not planned in the ITER strategy. In the nuclear phase, ITER will explore full-performance scenarios in D plasmas with increased H&CD power, including neutral beam injection (NBI). Shine-through NBI power limitations will not constrain the operational space for H-mode access. H-mode access might prove challenging at high plasma current and density in D plasmas, especially considering the recent metal wall L-H power threshold scaling. This timely analysis incorporates the latest experimental findings, providing valuable insights to support the successful and efficient exploitation of ITER.
Isotopic partitioning of gaseous nitrogen emissions of natural terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Feng Maoyuan , Liu Gang , Wang Yilong , Chang Jinfeng , Peng Shushi
Published: February 2025

We estimated the emissions of different forms of gaseous nitrogen (N) from natural terrestrial ecosystems using newly upscaled soil δ15N maps, data-constrained gas partitioning models, and incorporating the previously missing N input flux from rock weathering. The emissions for nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO) and dinitrogen (N2) are estimated at 12±3, 19±4, and 12±3 Tg N yr-1, respectively. CMIP6 models tend to overestimate total gaseous N emissions and thus N2O emissions. Correcting these total gaseous N emissions to match soil δ15N maps and applying gas partitioning models, the CMIP6 models’ N2O emission estimates drop to 7±2 Tg N yr-1, consistent with this study and NMIP2. Differences in gas partitioning models also contribute significantly to uncertainties in N2O emission estimates. This study underscores the need for improved modeling of gaseous N emissions and partitioning in CMIP6 models to better understand the responses and feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change.
Hierarchical Agent Transformer Network for COVID-19 Infection Segmentation
Authors: Tian Yi , Mao Qi , Wang wenfeng , Zhang Yan
Published: February 2025

Accurate and timely segmentation of COVID-19 infection regions is critical for effective diagnosis and treatment. While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) exhibit strong performance in medical image segmentation, they face challenges in handling complex lesion morphologies with irregular boundaries. Transformer-based approaches, though demonstrating superior capability in capturing global context, suffer from high computational costs and suboptimal multi-scale feature integration. To address these limitations, we proposed Hierarchical Agent Transformer Network (HATNet), a hierarchical encoder-bridge-decoder architecture that optimally balances segmentation accuracy with computational efficiency. The encoder employs novel agent Transformer blocks specifically designed to capture subtle features of small COVID-19 lesions through agent tokens with linear computational complexity. A diversity restoration module (DRM) is innovatively embedded within each agent Transformer block to counteract feature degradation. The hierarchical structure simultaneously extracts high-resolution shallow features and low-resolution fine features, ensuring comprehensive feature representation. The bridge stage incorporates an improved pyramid pooling module (IPPM) that establishes hierarchical global priors, significantly improving contextual understanding for the decoder. The decoder integrates a full-scale bidirectional feature pyramid network (FsBiFPN) with a dedicated border-refinement module (BRM), collectively enhancing edge precision. The HATNet were evaluated on the COVID-19-CT-Seg and CC-CCII datasets. Experimental results yielded Dice scores of 84.14% and 81.22% respectively, demonstrating superior segmentation performance compared to state-of-the-art models. Furthermore, it achieved notable advantages in model parameters and computational complexity, highlighting its clinical deployment potential.
Experimental Investigation on Suppression of Gearbox Vibrations Using Particle Damping Technique
Authors: Patil Kuldip A. , Katake Kaveri A. , Sutar Kailasnath Bhimrao , Karande Pankaj S.
Published: February 2025

The present work focuses on addressing the challenges of vibration in gear transmission systems, which can cause damage to mechanical equipment and pose risks to operators. Vibration damping is a technique to mitigate these issues using particle-damping materials. These damping materials, used in varying amounts, can alter the natural vibration frequency of equipment, reducing noise and transmission loss. This study aims to experimentally analyze the impact of particle damping on a single-stage gearbox under different operational conditions. These conditions include variations in external load (0 kg, 1.5 kg, 2.5 kg), particle filling ratios (0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 95%), particle diameter (3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm), the number of blank hole cavities (4, 6), rotational speed in RPM (200, 300, 400, 500 600, 700) and gear conditions (healthy or faulty). An experimental setup was developed to capture the vibration data from a single-stage spur gearbox. An FFT analyzer with an accelerometer was used to measure the amplitude of vibration under different operating conditions. For the healthy as well as faulty gear pairs, the experimental combination consisting of six blank holes, 75% particle filling ratio with 4 mm particle diameters and 1.5 kg external load gave the minimum vibrations.
Fargo sugar beet germplasm evaluated for Rhizoctonia crown and root rot resistance in Idaho, 2024
Authors: Strausbaugh Carl A. , Chu Chenggen
Published: February 2025

Rhizoctonia crown and root rot (RCRR) caused by Rhizoctonia solani leads to serious yield losses in sugar beet fields worldwide. RCRR leads to a black rot on the surface of the sugar beet root and advances a short distance into the root. The black fungal rot typically allows other opportunistic organisms into the root which can result in substantial bacterial rot. Thus, germplasm lines were evaluated for resistance to RCRR during the 2024 growing season in southern Idaho. The study identified lines that can potentially be used by seed companies to improve the resistance to RCRR in sugar beet cultivars.