bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ріст, розвиток та формування продуктивності рослин гібридів кукурудзи різних груп стиглості залежно від густоти стояння
Authors: Куценко О. М. , Ляшенко В. В. , Кеда Л. Ю.
Published: December 2023

Проведено дослідження щодо встановлення закономірностей структури агроценозів сучасних гібридів кукурудзи різних груп стиглості відповідно до густоти стояння рослин, за яких досягається максимальна реалізація генетичного потенціалу їхньої продуктивності. Дослідження проведено протягом 2019– 2021 років у польових умовах фермерського господарства Шилівської сільської ради Полтавської області. Матеріалом дослідження обрано сучасні гібриди кукурудзи трьох груп стиглості: ранньостиглий Беламі, середньоранній Тоніфі КС, середньостиглий Поезі КС. Дослідження фенологічних особливостей засвідчило, що тривалість міжфазних періодів і періоду вегетації культури майже не змінювались під впливом густоти стояння рослин (лише на 1–2 дні), а залежали від біологічних особливостей гібридів і погодних умов. Визначено, що показник висоти рослин залежить від погодних умов періоду вегетації кукурудзи, а не тільки від густоти посіву та біологічних особливостей гібрида. Найвищі показники лінійного росту були зафіксовані у рослин гібридів Беламі за густоти 75 тис./га (193,1 см), Тоніфі КС – 70 тис./га (226,2 см), Поезі КС – 75 тис./га (227,9 см). Виявлено, що загущення посівів призводить до підвищення висоти прикріплення качана у всіх досліджуваних гібридів, що в середньому за роки досліджень становило для гібридів: Беламі (за густоти 65–85 тис./га) – на 4,6 %; Тоніфі КС (60–80 тис./га) – на 4,4 %; Поезі КС (65–85 тис./га) – на 4,2 %. Також висота прикріплення качанів залежить від висоти рослин і є найбільшою у гібрида Поезі КС (88,3–92,2 см) та мінімальною у Беламі (82,5–86,5 см). За загущення посіву зменшувались лінійні розміри качана від мінімального до максимального у гібридів Беламі – на 3,4 %, Тоніфі КС – на 5,5 %, Поезі КС – на 7,3 %, а маса зерна з качана – на 12,1, 15,6 і 20,4 % відповідно. Згідно з одержаними результатами визначена оптимальна густота стояння досліджуваних гібридів для отримання максимальної урожайності для: Беламі – 75 тис./га, Тоніфі КС – 70 тис./га, Поезі КС – 75 тис./га.
Оцінка біологічних властивостей, продуктивності та врожайності сочевиці
Authors: Холод С. М. , Четверик О. О. , Ляшенко В. В. , Хоменко М. Р.
Published: December 2023

У статті наведено цінність культури сочевиці та проведено дослідження щодо виявлення продуктивних зразків за біологічними властивостями, показниками врожайності та її складниками в агрокліматичних умовах зони південного Лісостепу України. Дослідження проведено впродовж 2020–2022 років у лабораторних і польових умовах в Устимівській дослідній станції рослинництва ІР імені В. Я. Юр’єва НААНУ. У дослідження було залучено 35 зразків сочевиці (Lens culinaris Medik.), отриманих з Лівану. Встановлено найменш варіабельні ознаки «тривалість періоду сходи–цвітіння» та «тривалість періоду сходи–дозрівання», а найбільш – «маса насіння з рослини», «кількість бобів на рослині» та «кількість насінин на рослині». До найбільш тісного позитивного відноситься кореляційний зв’язок поміж ознаками «висота рослини» та «висота прикріплення нижнього бобу» (r = 0,67), між «продуктивністю» і «кількістю бобів на рослині» (r = 0,76) та між «продуктивністю» та «кількістю насінин з рослини» (r = 0,84). В умовах південної частини Лісостепу України дослідні зразки сочевиці формували врожай зерна від 77 до 167 г/м2. Аналіз середньої врожайності за роки досліджень свідчить, що до найурожайніших зразків належать: 2009S 96568-1, 09S 83210-08, 2009S 96101-5, 09S 83251-21, ILL 7947, 09S 83253-04. В середньому за роки досліджень найбільшу продуктивність показали такі зразки сочевиці: 2009S 96575-6 (3,0 г/м2), 09S 83210-08 (3,3 г/м2), 09S 83251-21 (2,9 г/м2), 09S 83253-04 (2,8 г/м2). Показники продуктивності рослини були високими завдяки як підвищеній кількості насінин, так і кількості бобів на рослині. У разі поєднання високого рівня вияву ознак кількості бобів з рослини та насіння на рослині, кількості насіння в бобі, маси 1000 насінин можна виділити такі зразки: 09S 83251-21, 09S 83253-04, ILL 7947, 2009S 96578-1, 09S 83210-08, 09S 83259-13.
Формування врожайності зерна амаранту залежно від строків сівби в умовах Західного Лісостепу України
Authors: Тирусь М. Л.
Published: December 2023

Амарант ‒ древня псевдозлакова культура, потенціал якої поки що не реалізований. Можна сказати, що наразі амарант відкривають «заново». Він широко використовується в харчовій, фармацевтичній, косметичній промисловості. Амарант – нішова культура в Україні з невеликими посівними площами. Загалом посіви зосереджені на Сході та Півдні. Строки сівби для амаранту є важливим технологічним чинником реалізації рівня продуктивності, що впливає на своєчасне одержання сходів і тривалість вегетаційного періоду, особливо при вирощуванні його на насіння. Польові дослідження проводили в умовах Західного Лісостепу на дослідному полі кафедри технологій у рослинництві Львівського національного університету природокористування на темно-сірому опідзоленому легкосуглинковому ґрунті. Гідротермічні умови в роки досліджень дещо відрізнялися від середніх багаторічних даних, але, загалом, були сприятливі для вирощування амаранту. Загальна площа ділянки становила 30 м2, облікова – 20 м2. Дослідження проводили у трьох повтореннях. Норма висіву насіння становила 0,4 млн/га при нормі мінеральних добрив N160P60K120. У дослідженнях використовували середньостиглий сорт Лєра (A. hypochondriacus), вміст білка в насінні 20,6 %, олії – 7,0 %, урожайність насіння до 22 ц/га. Амарант відноситься до теплолюбних рослин. Для одержання дружних сходів ґрунт має прогрітися до 8–10 °С. Дослідження свідчать, що лише за умови сівби в оптимальні строки рослини можуть повністю використати всі необхідні чинники для свого росту і розвитку та формування найвищої врожайності. Польова схожість (76 %), густота рослин (30 шт./м2) у фазі сходів, виживання рослин за вегетацію (88–90 %) та густота рослин перед збиранням (26–27 шт./м2) були найвищі за умови сівби у літні місяці. Маса насіння з рослини (21 г), від якої насамперед залежав рівень урожайності, була найбільшою за умови сівби 30 квітня. Оптимальні строки сівби амаранту сорту Лєра в умовах Західного Лісостепу України припадають на 30 квітня. Допустимі строки перебувають в діапазоні від 15 квітня до 15 травня.
Діагностика кардіоміопатії у свійських собак
Authors: Зарицький С. М.
Published: December 2023

У статті наведені методи діагностики та результати дослідження свійських собак, хворих на кардіоміопатію. Окрім загально прийнятих методів діагностики особливу увагу було приділено спеціальним методам дослідження, а саме: рентгенографії грудної клітки та розрахуванню кардіовертебрального індексу, що є показником розміру серця і проведення ехокардіографії. Ці методи є неінвазивними та дають змогу поставити діагноз на ранніх стадіях. Рентгенографія грудної клітки дає змогу візуалізувати та оцінити форму, розмір та контур серця, наявність набряку легень, які часто є ознаками серцево-судинних захворювань. Ехокардіографія дає змогу дослідити структуру серця, стінки шлуночків, клапанів, аорти, виміряти розмір камер та оцінити фракцію викиду та скорочення і визначити аритмію. Саме ці два методи були обрані для діагностики кардіоміопатії, але не варто забувати про інші додаткові методи діагностики, такі як електрокардіографія та біохімічні показники крові. Об’єктами нашого дослідження були свійські собаки порід боксер, доберман, лабрадор ретривер та німецька вівчарка. Згідно з даними літератури саме у цих порід найчастіше, внаслідок порідної схильності, реєструють кардіоміопатію. Породи були розподілені на дві групи: клінічно здорові та дослідні. За результатами обчислення кардіовертебрального індексу було встановлено, що у дослідних тварин порід доберман та німецької вівчарки індекс перевищував показники клінічно здорових тварин на 22,8 та 21,4 % відповідно. У боксерів та лабрадор ретриверів цей показник становив 20,1 та 18,1 % порівняно із клінічно здоровими тваринами. Збільшення таких показників свідчило про розширення міокарду. Наступним кроком було визначити зміни структури серця за допомогою ехокардіографії у М-режимі. За результатами проведення ехокардіографії та показників було встановлено, що у свійських собак породи лабрадор ретривер та німецька вівчарка дослідної групи були найбільш достовірні значення (р<0,001) в усіх показниках порівняно із клінічно здоровою групою.
Ефективність лікарських засобів за трихурозної інвазії овець
Authors: Петренко М. О. , Харченко В. О.
Published: December 2023

У боротьбі з гельмінтозами овець пріоритетним напрямом є хімічний метод захисту тварин на основі суворої регламентації застосування лікарських засобів. Це забезпечує високу ефективність лікувально- профілактичних заходів при нематодозах, запобігає забрудненню яйцями паразитів навколишнього середовища та підтримання ветеринарного благополуччя щодо інвазійних захворювань. Метою досліджень було з’ясувати ефективність лікарських засобів різних хімічних груп за наявності трихурозу в овець. Дослідження проводили в умовах зоопарку «Ковалівка Екопарк» Полтавської обласної територіальної громади та на базі лабораторії паразитології Полтавського державного аграрного університету. Випробувано терапевтичну ефективність Гельмавету (діючі речовини – празиквантел, триклабендазол, фенбендазол), Оксиклозаніду-600 (діючі речовини – оксиклозанід, абамектин), Комбітрему (діючі речовини – триклабендазол, альбендазол) за наявного спонтанного трихурозу в овець. Проведені дослідження підтверджують високу ефективність при трихурозі в овець препарату Оксиклозанід-600, де на 21-шу добу експерименту екстенс- та інтенсефективність сягали 100 %. Показники ефективності цього препарату поступово зростали впродовж досліду і на 7-му добу вони становили відповідно 62,50 та 93,86 %, а на 14-ту добу – 87,50 та 94,84 %. Препарат Гельмавет проявив помірну лікувальну ефективність, де на 21-шу добу експерименту екстенс- та інтенсефективність становили відповідно 75,0 та 84,28 %. Упродовж лікування з 7-ої до 14-ої доби екстенсефективність цього препарату коливалася від 50 до 62,5 %, а інтенсефективність – від 79,51 до 87 %. Неефективним виявилося застосування інвазованим збудником трихурозу вівцям препарату Комбітрем, де на 21-шу добу експерименту екстенс- та інтенсефективність становили відповідно 37,5 та 62,95 %. Водночас упродовж лікування показники ефективності виявилися вищими і становили на 7-му добу – 37,5 та 74,56 %, на 14-ту добу – 50 та 70,14 % відповідно. Отримані результати експериментальних досліджень дозволяють рекомендувати антигельмінтний препарат вітчизняного виробництва Оксиклозанід-600 для ефективної боротьби та профілактики трихурозу в овець
A Systematic Review of Machine Learning Algorithms in Groundwater Level Simulations and Forecasting
Authors: Gilbert Jesse , Boateng Cyril , Aryee Jeffrey , Osei Marian , Wemegah David , Gidigasu Solomon , Britwum Akyana , Afful Samuel , Touré Haoulata , Mensah Vera , Owusu-Afriyie Prinsca
Published: December 2023

Over two billion individuals worldwide rely on subterranean water as their primary reservoir of clean water. Ensuring the sustainable management of this heavily burdened resource necessitates a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of groundwater reserves. This becomes even more critical as water resources face escalating demands resulting from socioeconomic growth, population expansion, and the impacts of climate change. This research paper undertakes an extensive investigation in the context of a special issue dedicated to the utilization of machine learning (ML) algorithms for modeling and predicting groundwater levels (GWL). It offers a concise overview of prevalent Machine Learning(ML) techniques, encompassing their general architecture, key hyper-parameters, methods for fine-tuning, and strategies for optimal feature selection. Drawing insights from the scrutiny of 170 research papers across three prominent onlinedatabases, our findings indicate that well-constructed machine-learning models exhibit a commendable capacity for accurately modeling and predicting groundwater levels. Based on our review we realized that the utilization of machine learning to model GWLs is quite common. Typically, past groundwater levels are used as input data, and artificial neural networks (ANN) are a popular choice for this purpose. Our review of existing research provides a useful guide for researchers interested in applying machine learning algorithmsfor groundwater level modeling and forecasting. We also suggest new methods to improve modeling quality and highlight areas for future research in this field.
Measuring Loneliness in Everyday Life
Authors: Halvorson Max Andrew , Kuczynski Adam M.
Published: December 2023

Evidence of the public health significance of loneliness is accumulating. Lonely individuals are at greater risk for diverse physical and mental health conditions, and the prevalence of loneliness is rising. To address these concerns and align assessment with existing theoretical frameworks, researchers aim to understand momentary feelings of loneliness in everyday life. However, development of measures that reliably and validly assess momentary loneliness has largely been overlooked. In this study we evaluated the psychometric performance of a new multi-item measure of momentary loneliness derived from traditional self-report measures – the Momentary Loneliness Scale – with respect to its factor structure, reliability, and validity. We also compared this multi-item measure to the effectiveness of using a single-item indicator of loneliness. A racially diverse sample of depressed adults (N = 102) provided data on momentary loneliness and related measures 5x/day for 14 days (Nobs = 6,568). In a preregistered multilevel confirmatory factor analysis, we observed evidence of an internally reliable, unidimensional measure of momentary loneliness that demonstrated construct validity. Momentary loneliness was associated with more depression and less satisfaction with social interactions. Trait loneliness was associated with being more depressed, perceiving less social support, and being less extroverted. Furthermore, exploratory analyses indicated that a single-item indicator of loneliness (“I feel alone”) well-approximated the multi-item measure and can be used in settings where brevity is prioritized. Altogether, our results indicate that momentary and trait loneliness can be reliably and validly measured in everyday life using multi-item or single-item instruments within ecological momentary assessments.
Dichotic listening and interhemispheric integration after callosotomy: a systematic review
Authors: Westerhausen René
Published: December 2023

The right-ear advantage (REA) for recalling dichotically presented auditory-verbal stimuli has been traditionally linked to the dominance of the left cerebral hemisphere for speech processing. Early studies on patients with callosotomy additionally found that the removal of the corpus callosum leads to a complete extinction of the left ear, and consequently the today widely used models to explain the REA assume a central role of callosal axons for recalling the left-ear stimulus in dichotic listening. However, later dichotic-listening studies on callosotomy patients challenge this interpretation, as many patients appear to be able to recall left-ear stimuli well above chance level, albeit with reduced accuracy. The aim of the present systematic review was to identify possible experimental and patient variables that explain the inconsistences found regarding the effect of split-brain surgery on dichotic listening. For this purpose, a systematic literature search was conducted (databases: Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, EBSChost, and Ovid) to identify all empirical studies on patients with surgical section of the corpus callosum (complete or partial) that used a verbal dichotic-listening paradigm. This search yielded ks = 32 publications reporting patient data either on case or group level, and the data was analysed by comparing the case-level incidence of left-ear suppression, left-ear extinction, and right-ear enhancement narratively or statistically considering possible moderator variables (i.a., extent of the callosal surgery, stimulus material, response format, selective attention). The main finding was an increased incidence of left-ear suppression (odds ratio = 7.47, CI95%: [1.21; 83.49], exact p = .02) and right-ear enhancement (odds ratio = 21.61, CI95%: [4.40; 154.11], p<.01) when rhyming as compared with non-rhyming stimuli were used. Also, an increase in left-ear reports was apparent when a response by the right hemisphere was allowed (i.e., response with left hand). While the present review is limited by the overall small number of cases and a lack of an appropriate control sample in most of the original studies, the findings nevertheless suggest an adjustment of the classical dichotic-listening models incorporating right-hemispheric processing abilities as well as the perceptual competition of the left- and right-ear stimuli for attention.
Emerging tensions in data work: Staff and youth perspectives in youth-serving organizations
Authors: Fink Alexander , Roholt Ross VeLure
Published: December 2023

Youth-serving organizations (YSOs) are under increasing pressure to develop performance measurement systems tracking youth participants and program outcomes. Although the challenges of developing performance measurement systems in human service organizations (HSOs) are well documented, scholarly understanding of challenges in the specific case of YSOs is limited. This study uses participant observations in YSOs, interviews with program staff, and focus groups with young people to delineate performance measurement practices. We then employ a framework developed by Carnochan and colleagues to describe performance measurement challenges in HSOs. Findings suggest Carnochan and colleagues’ framework is useful for YSOs. However, because of differences in funding streams, concerns about harm to clients, and strong commitment to client involvement, YSOs face specific tensions in organizational data work not addressed by this framework. Organizations need a rubric focused more on ethical and power conflicts; our article demonstrates the need for further research into data work in YSOs.
Interview with Professor Edwin van Teijlingen
Authors: Subedi Madhusudan , Khattri Man Bahadur
Published: December 2023

Edwin van Teijlingen is Dutch by birth and a Professor of Reproductive Health at Bournemouth University in the south of England. He has achieved a PhD in Medical Sociology at the University of Aberdeen, UK. Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen connected with Nepal while supervising Nepali PhD scholars in UK, and he has been a frequent visitor to Nepal since 2006. He has supervised more than 35 PhDs, among which 13 are Nepali. He has examined more than 50 PhDs. He has published around 300 academic papers and book chapters in health promotion, midwifery, and health services research. He serves as a peer reviewer for worldwide famous health journals such as PLOS One and BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. He delivered a speech to the Members of Parliamentarians in Kathmandu in 2016 as part of a workshop to promote evidence-based policymaking. He is a committee member on various grant-awarding bodies in the UK, Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, and the USA. He is a visiting Professor at the Centre for Disability Studies, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala in India (2020-present); the School of Health Sciences at the University of Nottingham in England (2017-2026); Nobel College, affiliated with Pokhara University, Nepal (2012-present); and Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences affiliated with Tribhuvan University (2009-present). We would like to express our gratitude for his acceptance to share personal and academic lives, which can inspire young and energetic scholars in Nepal and elsewhere.
Unveiling The Potential of Jimbu (Allium przewalskianum): Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties of a Native Himalayan Spice Herb
Authors: Pandey Shreejana , Chataut Guheswari , Maharjan Suja , Maidali Dev Raj , Bhattarai Keshab
Published: December 2023

Jimbu (Allium przewalskianum), is an indigenous Himalayan spice herb in Nepal and has a long history of culinary use, yet its potential beyond home kitchens remains largely unexplored due to limited studies and exposure. It does not require extensive input of cash, machinery, land, or labor to profit from, making it an excellent and valuable source of pharmaceutical ingredients owing to its bioactive compounds. We investigated its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Quantitative analysis of Jimbu extracts revealed the presence of bioactive compounds, including Oleoresin (extracted using acetone and methanol), polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. The methanol extract of. A. przewalskianum exhibited the highest polyphenol content (8.11±0.24 mg GAE/g), flavonoid content (5.28±0.29 mg GAE/g) and tannin content (0.923±0.02 mg GAE/g). The antioxidant potential of Jimbu was seen to be increased with an increase in concentration, reaching 58.79% at 400µg/ml, with an IC50 value of 303.58µg/ml for DPPH radical scavenging activity. Likewise, the yield of oleoresin was obtained as (10.86±0.27) from acetone and (7.8±0.20) from methanol. Similarly, sensory evaluation through One-way ANOVA highlighted concentrations of 0.07% and 0.1% of Oleoresin to be most favored. Furthermore, sensory evaluation of the Jimbu extracts in minced chicken meat exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity against Salmonella along with a significant reduction in the colony forming units (CFU). This study shows that the extracts of A. przewalskianum could be utilized as a potential medicinal plant for the development of effective drugs against pathogenic bacteria. Meanwhile, it provides opportunities for economic benefits and a new potential revenue source for rural communities in the Himalayan region of Nepal.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 11(4): 171-180.
Synthesis and Characterization of Azo-based Compounds as Energy Storage Materials
Authors: Yadav Pramod Kumar
Published: December 2023

Two redox active azo-based materials have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis (C, H, N), IR, NMR (1H & 13C) and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Both the azo-based materials, the ligand 1 and its MOF 2 exhibit good electrochemical performances but the capacity of MOF 2 is higher than the ligand 1.

Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 11(4): 217-221.
Memory in T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land
Authors: Phuyal Komal Prasad
Published: December 2023

The greatest of the issues in modernism emanates from memory in human beings. It is the first condition for people to realize what they have lost in their life, resulting from World War I. Often known as the manifesto of modernism in the West, T. S. Eliot’s 1922 poem The Wasteland deals with the intellectual, social, political, and quotidian issues of the people, basically resulting from memory. The people begin to value the glory of the past as the epitome in contemporary times, meaning that they have been driven out of paradise now. In other words, memory became a tool to rewrite a new Bible in the twentieth century following the trail of John Milton’s The Paradise Lost (1667). The phantoms of negative memories torment the people in the West: for instance, the people set out in search of Christ or metonymically the Holy Grail. Most importantly, the poetic persona is Tiresias who still remembers both his lives. He searches for the images that best represent the experience of living in the Western world shattered at the hand of the destructive forces. The centers of the civilizations have undergone massive destruction and they have remained unable to reconstruct themselves. Both the poet and the poetic persona go through the pages of the books of the Western and Eastern body of knowledge to identify the remedy for the fragmentation or loss of the binding principles of human society. This study aims to explore how memory is treated in modernist literature to examine the presence of history in making sense of the presence. The Eastern myths remind the Western world of the cure to the existing problems of society. In fact, this paper claims that The Wasteland builds its argument in the treatment of memory as the prime factor in the articulation of the central vision about the West in general and modernism in particular.
An Inception of Value Chain Development of Sweet Orange; Kinesis to Food Security in the Developing Countries Scenario
Authors: Bhusal Makunda , Bhattarai Dipak , Lamsal Madhav , Dhital Sandesh , Adhikari Ajaya
Published: December 2023

Sweet orange is one of the major citrus fruits of Nepal which is widely cultivated in mid-hills. This paper assesses the value chain of sweet oranges cultivated in the Ramechhap district of Nepal, considering its economic significance for farmers. The study adopts a qualitative research approach, utilizing key informant interviews and focus group discussions with various stakeholders. Participants were selected based on a list of producers collected from the Prime-Minister Agricultural Modernization Project (PMAMP) Ramechhap district, and the snowball method was employed to identify other actors.  This study revealed that the value chain of sweet oranges in the Ramechhap district involves growers, vendors, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers as the main actors, while federal, provincial, and local agricultural service centres serve as enablers. Additionally, findings show vendors play a dominant role, in determining the per unit price and pressuring farmers to sell immediately after harvest due to limited storage capacity. Vendors are enjoying increased profit margins because they have greater bargaining power over farmers, who have inadequate storage facilities. The study suggests areas for improvement: using quality seedlings, managing nutrients effectively, and employing proper storage techniques like cold stores to prolong shelf-life and enhance quality, taste, and colour. Enhancing productivity via trifoliate rootstock, optimizing fruit quality, and extending shelf-life through improved storage facilities can substantially boost revenue for producers. Understanding the entire value chain provides insights into enhancing the overall performance of value chain actors. Further studies can explore additional dimensions of the chain in more depth.
Multi-Locations Evaluation of Garden Pea Genotypes for Pod Characters and Yield
Authors: Luitel Binod Prasad , Poudel Krishna , Bhandari Bishnu Bahadur
Published: December 2023

Pea genotypes developed by national breeding program exhibit wide geographical adaptation. To identify the best high yielding and wide adaptive genotypes, fourteen garden pea genotypes (13 improved and commercial) were studied for their phenotypic traits at two locations (Horticulture Research Station, Dailekh and Agriculture Research Station, Dhankuta) during 2018–2019. Field experiments were conducted at randomized complete block design with three replications in both locations. Combined analysis over the locations revealed that genotypes had highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) effect on pod length, pod diameter, seed number/pod, pod weight and fresh pod yield. HRSDGP-11-18-1 produced the highest (12.5 t/ha) fresh pod yield, followed by HRSDGP-11-18-11 (12.3 t/ha) and the lowest (8.2 t/ha) fresh yield was recorded in HRSDGP-11-18-9. HRSDGP-11-18-1 and HRSDGP-11-18-11 had 25.0 and 23.0% higher yield advantage over Sikkim Local variety, respectively. Pod length, pod diameter and seed number/plot were significantly (p ≤ 0.01), and positively correlated with fresh pod yield, and selection of these traits aid for the improvement of yield in garden pea genotypes. HRSDGP-11-18-1 and HRSDGP-11-18-11 were found superior at both locations and can be recommended to evaluate them at on-farm condition for further verification.
Systematic Review on Factors Associated with Female Age at Marriage
Authors: Shrestha Ishwar Kumar , Khanal Shankar Prasad
Published: December 2023

Background: Female age at marriage is one of the major indicators of population dynamics associated with age at which marriable couples are united and simultaneously acts of giving new childbirth with new family roles. Occurrence of marriage before the body being physically fit and mentally matured results in many adverse consequences. However, less attentions have been given to the variability of female age at marriage which can be influenced by different factors.
Objective: This review paper is an attempt to explore significant factors associated with female age at marriage, and to mark those factors as explained by model-based statistical effect size.
Materials and Methods: Following the PRISMA- Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guideline, three databases EMBASE, PubMed and Scopus were used to identify relevant articles combining key search terms using Boolean operations. From these databases, a total of 605 eligible articles originally published in English language till the date of 20 November, 2023 were identified. Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria only 17 papers which had used statistical models were ascertained for final review.
Results: The effect size which was found significant at 0.05 level of significance explored that female’s education, place of residence, religion, caste/ethnicity, birth cohort, current age, female’s work status, type of occupation, wealth index, husband’s education are the major determinants, which are observed to be significantly associated with female age at marriage.  
Conclusion: Female age at marriage is found to be varied from place to place, region to region and country to country. As the level of education increased, the possibility of acquiring early age at marriage has been reduced significantly. The demographic, socio-economic, gender and community factors played significant roles at the timing of females age at marriages. Moreover, female age at marriage has a considerable impact on fertility measures and population structure. Hence, policy relating to improving female age at marriage and its associated effective enforcement of law are required to meet the SDGs targets.
Supplementary Materials: Status of Hypertension and its Determinants among Teachers in Tribhuvan University Campus, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
Authors: Khadka Krishna , Uprety Pravat
Published: December 2023

As mentioned in the manuscript.
Psychological Trauma in Anand’s Across the Black Waters
Authors: Dhungana Kishor
Published: December 2023

This paper explores the issue of psychological trauma in Mulk Raj Anand’s novel “Across  the Black Waters,” shedding light on the profound impact of World War I on Indian  soldiers under British rule. Central to the narrative is Lalu, a sepoy whose journey unveils  the stark realities of trench warfare, the constant specter of death, and the brutalities  of battle. The soldiers navigate the complex terrain of dislocation and alienation, torn  between allegiance to their homeland and serving the British Empire, all while contending  with prejudice within the military hierarchy. The aftermath of the war reverberates in  the soldiers’ lives, marked by the enduring symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder  (PTSD)—nightmares, flashbacks, anxiety, and depression. Through the lens of Lalu’s  perspective, this paper exposes the emotional toll exacted on these individuals amidst  the multifaceted challenges of war and colonialism. Importantly, the paper employs  a novel approach, applying trauma theory as a conceptual framework to delve into the psychological dimensions of the narrative, thereby offering a nuanced understanding of the  characters’ experiences in “Across the Black Waters.”
Nepal’s Foreign Policy: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Lohani Mohan P.
Published: December 2023

Nepal has undergone tremendous changes since it became republic in 2008. With the promulgation of the new Constitution drafted by the elected people’s representatives in 2015, Nepal has continued to engage with nations beyond India and China. This paper focuses on the foreign policy behavior and strategy of small states in the international system. Further, it explains the behavior and strategies employed by those states by examining several concepts and historic facts and applying them in the context of Nepal. The article states that geo-strategic situation and non-alignment stance of nepal that try to maintain and extend bilateral relations with the immediate neighbors and other actors in the international system, and further integrates them into regional and international frameworks to secure its survival.
Status of Sanitation Workers: A Case Study of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: K.C. Arjun
Published: December 2023

Sanitation refers to the provision of services for the safe disposal of urine and feces. It also refers to the maintenance of hygienic conditions through different services such as garbage collection and waste water disposal. It is necessary to provide a healthy environment for people as well as protect the natural resources. A sanitation worker is a person which responsible for cleaning and maintaining the environment through sanitation services. This study aims to explore the socio-economic status of sanitation workers and to examine their livelihood means that help their living. For this study, both quantitative and qualitative exploration approaches are applied. The observation, interview as well as case studies are applied to the study. The findings of the study concluded that sanitation occupation is a traditional job for employment and reducing poverty in the civic area but sanitation workers also have to face numerous problems and they’ve different pitfalls which are nominated as the vulnerable environment of sanitation workers. This study helps the government and non-government agencies to make programs and mitigation measures.
Land Use/ Land use zoning Practice at Micro level in Nepal: An Assessment
Authors: Pandey Gopi krishna
Published: December 2023

The land use zoning is thought to be better for the sustainable use of land resources utilization in Nepal. Land use (LU) denotes the human activity associated with a specific piece of land and mainly refers to the use by human beings for specific purposes with some sorts of management practices (Khanal, 2000). Specially, Land use is affecting by various factors like, physiographic, topographic, climatic, lithology, soil types, climate, rainfall pattern, cultural and traditional practices as well as socio economic factors etc. With varying physiography conditions around Punchapuri Municipality the land use zones have been found to be a varying shapes and thickness. With the growth of population Punchapuri has expanded the cultivable land of the town. The land use in the Municipality is predominantly nonagricultural with forest, shrub, and grass, covering more than 77% of the total area. The Punchapuri Municipality which is located Surkhet district in province no.6 has been choosen as the study area. Land use map was prepared based on 0.5 m spatial resolution satellite imagery. Various other vector raster and imagery datasets were used ancillary data which enhanced interpretation and classification of land use classes.

 Information on the losses, damage and its future risk were collected through focus group discussion, key informants, interview, observation and measurement. The paper further emphasizes on a detail study of land use pattern, land system, land forms type, and land capability, geology and natural hazards in order to formulate a classification scheme for land use zoning. This study will certainly help the concerned authorities for the ongoing practices on the land, and land use zoning the finite resource of the country. It will further help to develop plan for the local areas and implement accordingly. Therefore, this study can be regarded as milestone for the planners and development working agencies within the area.
Federalism and the significance of Governmental Agencies and of organizational Experience at the time of country’s Crisis: Tracing the Emergency Medication Response System of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Guragain Govinda Prasad
Published: December 2023

This research has focused on the emergency response based on the section 1135 emergency waivers which were devised as instruments for policymakers to swiftly enhance the capacity of the health system in times of disaster. By providing flexibilities in regulations, administration, and payment models during the COVID-19 pandemic, states could be better prepared for a surge in hospitalizations and protecting the life of those who were in the emergency response to take care through the process of the hospitalization on time. It employs a Time-to-Event analytical framework to identify key factors influencing the adoption of a state’s 1135 Waiver request. In the primary model, the event of interest is a state making a request for a Section 1135 Waiver, and the dependent random variable is the time elapsed between the disaster proclamation and the state’s request date. The primary independent variable is binary, indicating whether a state has previously sought Section 1135 Medicaid flexibilities during past emergencies. The study stands as the inaugural attempt to pinpoint notable factors influencing Section 1135 Waivers. If efficiency is gauged by swifter requests, then the effectiveness of emergency waivers during the COVID-19 pandemic is predominantly shaped by institutional and external factors. it has revealed that the effective organizational and institutional tasks in the federalism during the emergency would assist to address the issues of the national crisis as it has been explained by the 1135 Waivers as the sample study for further information to the concerned stakeholders not merely in the advanced nation as of the United States of The America but even to the backward countries as of the Asian continents.
Construction, Deconstruction, and the Question of Authorship in Magical Realist Narratives
Authors: Sharma Khum Prasad
Published: December 2023

Colonial discourse in particular has constructed fixed frames and grids in which to place and separate individuals according to their class, race, gender, culture, nationality and ethnic models of unified and stereotypical representation of otherness and difference which postcolonial writers challenge. Writers from across the globe have adopted and adapted magical realism to fit their own cultures and within their own frame of reference. As a dominant literary mode, it can be considered as a decolonizing agent in a postmodern context. What the narrative mode offers is a way to discuss alternative approaches to reality to that of Western philosophy, expressed in contemporary fiction. Specifically, this paper argues how magical realism is positioned in relation to the two contrasting operations of construction and deconstruction. What is its capacity to affect either or both of these outcomes? A prominent view has developed which understands the mode as one that structures an exclusively deconstructive narratology. I explore the narratives of Isabel Allende’s The House of the Spirit, Tony Morrison’s Beloved and Hashem Garaibeh’s The Cat Who Taught Me How To Fly that reiterate realist narrative conventions subversively to critique the effects of colonialism as a decolonizing device in the contemporary literary scholarship. This study utilizes the ideas from Stephen Slemon’s “resistance to colonialism,” Theo D’haen’s “decenter privileged centers,”, Wendy B. Faris’s “Questioning the colonial subjugation,” and Christopher Warnes’s ‘deconstructive notions of subjectivity” and “recover and affirm identities.” Thus, the narratives in opposition to the notion of absolute history emphasize the possibility of simultaneous existence of multiple truths and plural meanings.
Loet Leydesdorff, interdisciplinarity, and diversity
Authors: Rousseau Ronald
Published: December 2023

Diversity, as used in interdisciplinarity studies, has three components: variety, evenness, and dissimilarity. In 2019, Leydesdorff, Wagner, and Bornmann proposed an indicator, denoted as DIV*, that independently operationalized these three components and then combined them. Gini evenness is one factor in this formula. An important point is that Leydesdorff and his colleagues rejected so-called dual concepts, i.e. concepts that mix or are influenced by at least two of the three basic components of diversity. A few years ago Chao and Ricotta took a new look at “evenness” and showed that the Gini evenness measure, as well as the Lorenz curve, are dual concepts as they are influenced by variety. For this reason, I propose to replace the Gini evenness measure in DIV* with an evenness measure, actually an evenness profile, that is not influenced by variety.
New map of the research published in Profesional de la Información (2006-2023)
Authors: Guerrero-Castillo Pablo , Nuño-Moral María-Victoria , Guerrero-Bote Vicente P. , De-Moya-Anegón Félix
Published: December 2023

In 2006, Profesional de la Información (EPI) began to be indexed by international scientific literature databases and is currently one of the leading Spanish journals in Library & Information Science and in Communication. Research fields can be characterized and analysed based on the patterns of keywords used in the publications. One of the most used techniques for this is co-word analysis. This technique is used in the present study to examine the structure of the research published in EPI. The journal’s two-fold spirit in Library & Information Science and in Communication is revealed, comprising six main thematic areas. Since no poor behaviour is seen in any of these areas, it can be concluded that, in becoming part of WoS and Scopus, EPI has entered a virtuous cycle that has led it to successfully expand its thematic scope, and to attain levels of impact and excellence superior to those of its origins.
İnşaat Sözleşmelerinde Kullanılan Terimler Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: BAKIRCI Hasan
Published: December 2023

Sözleşmelerde kullanılan terimlerin gerekli tanımlarının yapılmamış olması veya yetersiz yapılması halinde proje maliyetleri artmakta, projede belirtilen işin süresi uzamakta ve buna bağlı olarak da taraflar arasında anlaşmazlıklar yaşanmaktadır. Bu nedenle tanımlar başlığı altında yer alacak her bir terimin kapsamının noksansız bir şekilde açıklanması, muğlaklığı ve belirsizliği azaltarak aynı zamanda kapsam dışı kalan kısmı da açıklığa kavuşturacaktır. Bu çalışma sözleşmelerde kullanılan, 4734 sayılı Kamu İhale Kanunu, 4735 sayılı Kamu İhale Sözleşmeleri Kanunu ve Yapım İşleri Genel Şartnamesi, AIA (American Institute of Architects) A201 2017 ve FIDIC (Federation Internationale Des Ingenieurs Conseils) kırmızı kitap 2017 standart formlarında tanımlanan terimlere ilişkin eksiklikleri belirlemek ve bu eksikliklerin giderilmesine ilişkin önerilerde bulunmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, standart formlar ve özel sektörde yapılan sözleşmeler de hâlâ terimlerin tanımlarının eksik ve yetersiz olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Automorphisms of the universal enveloping algebra of a finite-dimensional Zinbiel algebra with zero multiplication
Authors: Zhangazinova D.M. , Naurazbekova A.S.
Published: December 2023

In recent years there has been a great interest in the study of Zinbiel (dual Leibniz) algebras. Let A be Zinbiel algebra over an arbitrary field K and let e1,e2,...,em,... be a linear basis of A. In 2010 A. Naurazbekova, using the methods of Gro¨bner-Shirshov bases, constructed the basis of the universal (multiplicative) enveloping algebra U(A) of A. Using this result, the automorphisms of the universal enveloping algebra of a finite-dimensional Zinbiel algebra with zero multiplication are described.
Coefficients of multiple Fourier-Haar series and variational modulus of continuity
Authors: Akhazhanov T.B. , Bokayev N.А. , Matin D.T. , Aktosun T.
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we introduce the concept of a variational modulus of continuity for functions of several variables, give an estimate for the sum of the coefficients of a multiple Fourier-Haar series in terms of the variational modulus of continuity, and prove theorems of absolute convergence of series composed of the coefficients of multiple Fourier-Haar series. In this paper, we study the issue of the absolute convergence for multiple series composed of the Fourier-Haar coefficients of functions of several variables of bounded p-variation. We estimate the coefficients of a multiple Fourier-Haar series in terms of the variational modulus of continuity and prove the sufficiency theorem for the condition for the absolute convergence of series composed of the Fourier-Haar coefficients of the considered function class. This paper researches the question: under what conditions, imposed on the variational modulus of continuity of the fractional order of several variables functions, there is the absolute convergence for series composed of the coefficients of multiple Fourier-Haar series.
COMMUNICATION AS A PROFESSIONAL QUALITY OF THE FUTURE ECOLOGIST
Authors: Kochubei Mykola
Published: December 2023

The article reveals communicativeness as a professional quality of the future ecologist. It has been established that in teaching ecology, emphasis is placed on strengthening the communicative orientation of the educational process. The concept of “communicativeness”, “professional communication” is revealed. It has been proven that communication is an important component of a large group of professionally significant qualities of a young specialist, as a quality necessary for performing professional activities. The peculiarity of the applicantʼs communicativeness is established, which is his theoretical training in the field of interpersonal cognition, interpersonal relations; laws of logic and argumentation; professional, in particular language etiquette; communication technologies. The criteria of productive professional communication are disclosed: creation of a favorable psychological climate, formation of certain interpersonal relationships in the team. The organization of productive communication of future ecologists is highlighted, which implies the presence of a high level of development of communicative skills, which can be formed only in the presence of certain communicative abilities. Two groups of communication skills are distinguished: general communication skills and special professional communication skills. Blocks of laboratory and practical classes are proposed for the formation of communication skills of future ecologists. The main requirements for the formation of professional communication skills in future ecologists are revealed: the ability to form a system of theoretical knowledge on the problems of professional communication; availability of skills and abilities in theoretical development and conducting socio-psychological training; the ability to organize during production practice the inclusion of applicants in professional activity (in particular, in its communicative aspect) and to ensure its psychological analysis; willingness to organize and guide the independent work of applicants regarding the formation of professional communication skills and the ability to diagnose the level of their formation. The content indicators of the communicative core of the personality are highlighted.

Keywords: communication; interaction; professional quality; future ecologist; favorable psychological climate; interpersonal relationships in the team; communicative training.