bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linear versus non‐linear modelling: A systemic analysis with empirical data on credit and investment
Authors: Vithessonthi Chaiporn , Ushakova Evgenia , Schwaninger Markus
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this article is to shed light on the capabilities of linear versus non‐linear forms of modelling complex systems. A comparative analysis is realized, which shows the differences between two established methods — regression analysis (RA) and system dynamics (SD). To realize that methodological comparison, we need a benchmark in substantive terms. Therefore, we embed our analysis in a realistic scenario. A set of hypotheses related to the banking and investment sector is tested on the basis of rich empirical macro‐ and firm‐level data. We examine (1) whether the central bank's monetary policy affects the lending rate of commercial banks and (2) whether the lending rate of the commercial banks affects non‐financial firms' investment. A RA is conducted, to test our hypotheses on the assumption of linear relationships between the variables. To explore the non‐linear relationships between the variables, and to test the robustness of our regression results, we then model the system under investigation using the SD method(ology). The regression results show that the monetary policy rate has a positive and immediate effect on the lending rates and a negative but lagged effect on the bank loan supply. The long‐term lending rates are negatively associated with corporate investment, whilst the bank loan supply has no direct effect on corporate investment. Although the regression results indicate that monetary policy rate has no direct effect on corporate investment, the SD model shows that the monetary policy rate exerts a negative effect on corporate investment. Hence, the two types of modelling can come to different results, given the distinct implications of the exogenous perspective (i.e. the exogenous condition of predictor variables typically required in RA) and the endogenous perspective (i.e. the predictor variables are endogenized, as in SD). Comparing the outcomes of the two methodologies, we conclude that they complement each other. RA is easier to model. SD enhances the RA method by enabling a better understanding of non‐linear phenomena.
The United European Gastroenterology green paper—climate change and gastroenterology
Authors: Duijvestein Marjolijn , Sidhu Reena , Zimmermann Katharina , Carrington Emma V. , Hann Alexander , Sousa Paula , Touw Hugo R. W. , van Hooft Jeanin E. , Müller Martina
Published: October 2024

Climate change, described by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2021 as ‘the single biggest health threat facing humanity’, causes extreme weather, disrupts food supplies, and increases the prevalence of diseases, thereby affecting human health, medical practice, and healthcare stability. Greener Gastroenterology is an important movement that has the potential to make a real difference in reducing the impact of the delivery of healthcare, on the environment. The WHO defines an environmentally sustainable health system as one which would improve, maintain or restore health while minimizing negative environmental impacts. Gastroenterologists encounter the impacts of climate change in daily patient care. Alterations in the gut microbiome and dietary habits, air pollution, heat waves, and the distribution of infectious diseases result in changed disease patterns affecting gastrointestinal and hepatic health, with particularly severe impacts on vulnerable groups such as children, adolescents, and the elderly. Additionally, women are disproportionally affected, since climate change can exacerbate gender inequalities. Paradoxically, while healthcare aims to improve health, the sector is responsible for 4.4% of global carbon emissions. Endoscopy is a significant waste producer in healthcare, being the third highest generator with 3.09 kg of waste per day per bed, contributing to the carbon footprint of the GI sector. Solutions to the climate crisis can offer significant health co‐benefits. Steps to reduce our carbon footprint include fostering a Planetary Health Diet and implementing measures for greener healthcare, such as telemedicine, digitalization, education, and research on sustainable healthcare practices. Adhering to the principles of ‘reduce, reuse, recycle’ is crucial. Reducing unnecessary procedures, which constitute a significant portion of endoscopies, can significantly decrease the carbon footprint and enhance sustainability. This position paper by the United European Gastroenterology aims to raise awareness and outline key principles that the GI workforce can adopt to tackle the climate crisis together.
Wind Farm Power Maximisation via Wake Steering: A Gaussian Process‐Based Yaw‐Dependent Parameter Tuning Approach
Authors: Gori Filippo , Laizet Sylvain , Wynn Andrew
Published: October 2024

Maximising the power production of wind farms is vital to meet the growing demand for wind energy and reduce its cost. Wake effects, resulting from the aerodynamic interactions between turbines in a wind farm, significantly impact farm efficiency, leading to substantial annual power losses. Wake steering, an influential control strategy, involves mitigating wake effects by strategically yaw misaligning upstream turbines to deflect their wakes. Conventional wake steering approaches typically rely on physics‐based analytical wake models with their parameters often calibrated using higher fidelity data. However, these approaches determine a fixed set of parameters prior to conducting wake steering, neglecting each parameter's dependency on yaw misalignment (i.e. the optimisation variables) exhibited throughout the optimisation process, potentially affecting its accuracy. To address this limitation, this paper introduces a novel data‐driven parameter tuning approach that integrates higher fidelity power measurements using Gaussian processes to continuously adapt parameters in lower fidelity wake models based on the current farm's yaw configuration. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated on a
wind farm and a layout corresponding to the Horns Rev wind farm, where various wind directions are investigated. The results reveal that the approach can enable a lower fidelity model to capture more complex physics, thereby improving its accuracy in wake steering optimisation, while maintaining robustness and computational efficiency. This method holds promise for real‐time control applications and can be extended to other control strategies and closed‐loop frameworks.
Shape factor and thermal radiation effects on convective MHD flow of Casson blood ternary hybrid nano‐fluid through a stretched rotating rigid disk
Authors: Gahgah Mounir , Kezzar Mohamed , Dwivedi Naveen , Nehal Abdelaziz , Sari Mohamed Rafik , Tabet Ismail , Alshehery Sultan , Aljohani Abdulrahman F. , Khan Ilyas
Published: October 2024

The mathematical modeling of blood flow with the incorporation of ternary hybrid nanoparticles (i.e., titania, silica, and alumina nanoparticles) is the focus of this work. The flow of blood is simulated using the Casson fluid model. The impacts of ternary hybrid nanoparticles, shape factor, and Geometry of solid nanoparticles are visualized and investigated. The momentum and thermal characteristics of a flowing liquid are determined by considering magnetization, porosity, and nonlinearized radiating thermal flux. The basic partial differential equations resulting from mathematical modeling are turned into non‐linear ordinary differential equations using suitable velocity transforms. The derived nonlinear equations are then numerically calculated using the 4th‐5th order Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg method with the shooting technique and analytically solved by the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). The effects of the factors involved on the dimensionless profiles produced are fully addressed. It is found that the Skin friction factor and heat transfer rate in the radial direction upsurge with the augment of both rotation parameter and nanoparticles volume fraction; however, the Skin friction factor drops in the azimuthal direction. Also, results obtained reveal an enhancement in the local Nusselt number with the upsurge in the magnitude of radiation parameter, Rd, solid nanoparticles concentration, , shape factor value, s, and disk temperature, . For validation, the outcomes of this inquiry were compared to the outcomes of the HAM‐based Mathematica software. In addition, the acquired analytical DRA data are compared to numerical RKF45 values and those given in the literature.
Electroosmotic base magnetic field study of peristaltic transport in a non‐uniform wavy ciliated channel for Williamson fluid with enhancing nanoparticles
Authors: Ajmal Madiha , Mehmood Rashid , Akbar Noreen Sher , Muhammad Taseer
Published: October 2024

Ciliary‐driven flows manifest prominently in various physiological and biological phenomena, serving as micro mixers in cilia‐based actuators, regulating flow in small biosensors, and functioning as micro pumps in drug‐delivery systems. Although there are some studies on cilia driven flows, however, electroosmotic flow of Williamson nanofluid in a non‐uniform ciliated channel has not been reported before. Keeping in view, the present study aims to investigate electroosmotic transport of blood through a non‐uniform wavy ciliated channel. The Williamson fluid model is employed to investigate the properties of blood. Graphene oxide nanoparticles are inserted within blood to examine the flow and thermal characteristics. Moreover, streamline patterns, average pressure rise, and temperature contours are also portrayed against sundry physical parameters to present a detailed physical analysis. The obtained results revealed that concentration profile declines with Eckert number Soret number , Weissenberg number and nanoparticle volume fraction while it enhances with Grashof number . Temperature of the fluid significantly drops by enhancing Grashof number and volume flow rate while it rises with Eckert number Weissenberg number and nanoparticle volume fraction . The average pressure rise per unit wavelength escalates with a rise in the volume fraction of nanoparticles (ϕ) in the peristaltic pumping region. However, beyond a critical value, it diminishes in the free and augmented pumping regions. Streamline patterns indicates a shrinking in the size of trapping bolus by enhancing the volume flow rate Temperature contours are significantly influenced by enhancing the Eckert number .
Captive Breeding Reveals Insights Into the Ecology and Reproductive Biology of 11 Little‐Known Malagasy Frog Species
Authors: Rakotoarisoa Justin Claude , Rakotoarison Andolalao , Rasoanantenaina Solonirina , Robsomanitrandrasana Eric , Edmonds Samina Sidonie Sam , Soamiarimampionona Jeanne , Tsimialomanana Edupsie , Wolf Sebastian , Edmonds Devin
Published: October 2024

Amphibians are facing an extinction crisis, with ex situ programs increasingly being used as a tool for their conservation. However, conservation efforts are often limited because we do not understand the ecological, behavioral, and life history traits of many amphibian species. Here, we report on the seasonal breeding patterns, egg‐laying behavior, clutch size, and development of 11 frog species maintained at a conservation breeding facility in Andasibe, Madagascar. The frogs exhibited diverse breeding strategies aligned with life history theory. Counting the eggs in 1239 egg masses across these 11 species, we found endotrophic microhylids and terrestrial‐breeding species had the smallest clutch size yet completed metamorphosis quickly, whereas species that laid eggs above or in water with exotrophic larvae had larger clutch sizes and took longer to develop. Most reproduction in captivity occurred during the warm, rainy season and followed seasonal patterns in temperature variation. Yet, Mantidactylus betsileanus bred throughout the year, and Heterixalus betsileo required additional environmental stimuli to trigger reproduction. Notably, we confirmed that Gephyromantis mitsinjo lays eggs on land with tadpoles developing terrestrially within jelly, a behavior previously theorized but which until now remained unobserved. Such observations show how captive breeding programs can be used to gain valuable data on the life history traits of species that are otherwise challenging to observe in nature. Our findings can be used to assess threats to closely related species, helping inform conservation efforts in a country harboring exceptional amphibian species richness and endemism.
Threats to Instrument Validity Within “in Silico” Research: Software Engineering to the Rescue
Authors: Demeyer Serge , Roover Coen De , Beyazit Mutlu , Härtel Johannes
Published: October 2024

“In Silico” research drives the world around us, as illustrated by the way our society handles climate change, controls the COVID-19 pandemic and governs economic growth. Unfortunately, the code embedded in the underlying data processing is mostly written by scientists lacking formal training in software engineering. The resulting code is vulnerable, suffering from what is known as threats to instrument validity.

This position paper aims to understand and remedy threats to instrument validity in current “in silico” research. To achieve this goal, we specify a research agenda listing how recent software engineering achievements may improve “in silico” research (SE4Silico) and, conversely, how software engineering may strengthen its applicability (Silico4SE).
Amitav Ghosh’s Storyworlds for Environmental Dwelling: Multimodal Iterations and Performativity in/of Jungle Nama: A Story of the Sundarban
Authors: Samkaria Ashwarya
Published: October 2024

Amitav Ghosh’s verse adaptation Jungle Nama: A Story of the Sundarban (2021) retells an environmentally conscious parable from the widely popular folk legend of Bon Bibi, the guardian spirit of the Sundarbans forest. Ghosh weaves a multimodal reiteration through his eco-poetic narration of a story written in verse for collective recitation, illuminated—not illustrated—by the painter Salman Toor, and adapted into a raag-based audio narration by the musician Ali Sethi. A collaborative spirit commingling text, image, rhythmicality, tactility, and, now, sound, Ghosh’s text is not only thematically environmental. The immersive experience of engaging with such a text and its ecological impetus also posits an environmental ethic premised upon relationality. Jungle Nama’s intervention in humanity’s interactions with the environment does not advocate environmental engagement based on the disembodied intellect in the reading of/for the world-as-planet. Instead, the text promulgates involved interaction through embodied cognition. Studying the performativity of Jungle Nama through eco-narratology and embodied multimodal iterations helps reveal the Bon Bibi myth’s ecocritical storyworld, its non-Western ontologies, and the agentic capacity of nonhumans. The chapter concludes with an analysis of Jungle Nama’s epistemological relevance as a literary intervention shaping a sustainable and equitable environmental consciousness in India.
Derangement in Ecological Consciousness Today
Authors: Mondal Kaushani
Published: October 2024

If Talal Asad points out that for him secular is a concept that “brings together certain behaviours, knowledge, and sensibilities in modern life,” my chapter tries to carry it forward by bringing a few other domains like psychology, earth consciousness, planetarity into the striations of the secular. This secular is a deep commitment to a belief that need not be religious always: an inner sincerity to see the truth of imagination, the cataclysmic state of the environment, the relational mesh with the non-human world, the grammar and paradox of pain and survival, the reality of an understanding the worldliness neuro-sensually and our embodied responses to the world around. The secular is a habitus, sensibility, embodiment, reflections and critical understanding. Being secular is not always being religious; being secular is about being existential, socio-cultural, neuro-natural, and ecosophical-ecocritical. This chapter is about the dynamics and poetics of togetherness and takes three points of explications: three conceptual performatives in recognition, sublime, and improbability from Amitav Ghosh's book, The Great Derangement. We are amid continuous transcendence where climate change, Anthropocene, species extinction, environmental apocalypse, and nuclear war call for separate configurations of the secular. The secular can no longer work as a priori with its own innatism. This is not the Habermasian and Kantian non-religious reason; this secular reason holds desire, romantic and aesthetic qualities, the spirituality of everydayness, the fragility of existence and terror of the non-human green, the green anxiety, our state and conditions and desires of existence, our restless contemporary. Also, our fullness in life, bio-egalitarianism, planet-sharing ethics, and inclusive humanism that believes in being with plants and non-human animals feature in this secular figuration. In a post-natural world with a new sense of nature and increasingly reversed roles, man continues to deanthropogenise himself. Derangement is our new order and new poetics of living together.
Simulation of the Heating of Laminated Heat Exchanger Core Under Variable Operating Conditions
Authors: Huang Minchao , Wu Jianjun , Li Jian , Cheng Yuqiang
Published: October 2024

The laminated heat exchange core is the main part that heats the propellant/working fluid in a solar thermal propulsion (STP) system. In this chapter, through a simulation and analysis of the working process of a heat exchanger core with a laminate structure, the laminate heating characteristics of the STP system under variable operating conditions are obtained.
Erratum to: Renormalons in the energy-energy correlator
Authors: Schindler Stella T. , Stewart Iain W. , Sun Zhiquan
Published: October 2024

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2023)187
Surgical and oncological outcome after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal mesothelioma
Authors: Müller Catharina , Bergmann Michael , Stift Anton , Bachleitner-Hofmann Thomas , Riss Stefan
Published: October 2024

Background

Peritoneal mesothelioma (PM) is a rare disease with various histopathological subtypes. For malignant peritoneal mesothelioma and borderline subgroups locoregional therapy with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been implemented. The aim of our study was to retrospectively present the outcome after CRS and HIPEC for patients with different subtypes of peritoneal mesothelioma.

Methods

In total 15 patients received CRS and HIPEC due to peritoneal mesothelioma at our tertiary referral hospital between 2013 and 2022. Surgical and oncologic outcomes of 14 of those patients were retrospectively evaluated as one patient was lost to follow-up.

Results

The cohort consisted of 9 patients with diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (64.3%), 3 patients with multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma (21.4%) and 2 patients with well-differentiated peritoneal mesothelioma (14.3%). Complete cytoreduction was possible in 85.7% (n = 12). The major complication rate was 28.6% (n = 4) and the reoperation rate was 14.3% (n = 2). Median follow-up was 55 months (standard error, SE 15.0%, 95% confidence interval, CI 25.6–84.4 months). Over this time period 64.3% (n = 9) had no evidence of disease, 21.4% (n = 3) were alive with disease and 14.3% (n = 2) died of peritoneal mesothelioma. The median recurrence-free survival of patients was 13 months (SE 13.0%, 95% CI 0.0–32.2 months). None of the patients with multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma had evidence of disease at the time of last follow-up.

Conclusion

Patients with peritoneal mesothelioma should receive locoregional treatment as good oncological results can be achieved with reasonable postoperative morbidity. Thus, awareness is necessary for this rare but potentially aggressive disease to offer the best medical care.
The usage of family audiobooks as a legacy for grieving children — an exploratory quantitative analysis among terminally ill parents and close persons
Authors: Ateş Gülay , Hesse Michaela , Cuhls Henning
Published: October 2024

Background

Since 2017, terminally ill parents with dependent children under the age of 18 have been able to record an audiobook for their dependent children. This service allows them to narrate how they would like to be remembered in their voice. The family audiobook is a professionally supported, voluntary, free service that is unique in Germany. There is little research on digital memories for children. The study aims to understand how this service is used and its influence on children through responses of terminally ill parents and close persons.

Methods

An anonymous online survey, accessible between September 2023 and November 2023, was conducted among terminally ill parents and their close persons with support from the Family Audiobook Association in Germany. Analyses were carried out using SPSS.

Results

186 respondents, 95 terminally ill parents, and 91 close persons completed the online survey. Almost all terminally ill parents felt eased to have recorded a family audiobook. The two groups showed differences in how they used the family audiobook and how often they listened to it. While some children listen to the family audiobook with their bereaved parents or friends, other children are not yet ready for this, according to the open-ended responses of terminally ill parents and close persons.

Conclusions

The family audiobook provides a valuable opportunity for terminally ill parents with dependent children under the age of 18 to tell their own biographical story, offer support to the bereaved in remembering, and preserve the voice of the deceased for the children. In addition, this approach could help healthcare professionals to reduce the stress associated with providing end-of-life care for terminally ill parents.
Lumbar Spine Orientation Affects Compressive Fracture Outcome
Authors: Cutlan Rachel , Khokhar Muhammad , Shammout Nader , Shah Alok S. , Frazer Lance , Yoganandan Narayan , Shender Barry S. , Sheehy James , Paskoff Glenn , Nicolella Daniel , Bentley Timothy , Shabani Saman , Stemper Brian D.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Understanding how spinal orientation affects injury outcome is essential to understand lumbar injury biomechanics associated with high-rate vertical loading.

Methods

Whole-column human lumbar spines (T12–L5) were dynamically loaded using a drop tower to simulate peak axial forces associated with high-speed aircraft ejections and helicopter crashes. Spines were allowed to maintain natural lordotic curvature for loading, resulting in a range of orientations. Pre-test X-rays were used to quantify specimen orientation at the time of loading. Primary fracture types were identified (wedge, n = 6; burst, n = 4; hyperextension, n = 4) and compared for loading parameters and lumbar orientation.

Results

Fracture type was dependent on peak acceleration, bending moment, Cobb angle, sagittal spinal tilt, and location of the applied load.

Conclusions

Lumbar spine orientation under high-rate axial acceleration affected the resulting fracture type. Analysis of pre-test X-rays revealed that spines that sustained wedge and burst fractures were oriented straighter at the time of loading. The load was applied centrally to T12 in spines with burst fractures, and anteriorly to T12 in spines with wedge fractures. Spines that sustained hyperextension fracture had lower peak accelerations, larger Cobb angles at the time of loading, and sustained larger extension moments. Fracture presentation is an important and understudied factor that influences biomechanical stability, clinical course, and long-term patient outcomes.
The Present Net Impact Value for the Atmospheric Emission of Forest Carbon from Harvested Wood Products
Authors: Marland Eric , Marland Gregg , Stockmann Keith
Published: October 2024

With emerging issues of global climate change, it is clear that there is value in controlling the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Managing the release or uptake of carbon by forests is an important opportunity to yield reductions in atmospheric CO2, and this includes managing the amount of harvested forest carbon that is stored in harvested wood products (HWP). To evaluate the contribution of forest carbon to climate change, we need to evaluate how much carbon is released to the atmosphere, when it is released, how long the released C remains in the atmosphere, and our preference for the timing and amplitude of climate change. When forest is harvested, the subsequent amount of carbon in the atmosphere depends on the processes and efficiency of harvest, the life times of the forest products, and the treatment of forest products at the end of their useful lifetime. This paper assembles extensive US data on the fractions of forest carbon that are released to the atmosphere during the processing of a forest harvest and the production and life expectancy of harvested wood products (HWP). Using a model of the global carbon cycle and an illustrated treatment of time preference, we calculate the relative cost of different forest management scenarios in terms of the ton years of CO2 in the atmosphere. We show that delaying the emission of one ton of C as CO2 for 1 year yields a reduction of 41.74 ton years of carbon in the atmosphere when integrated to infinite time and using a low time preference of 1% per year. Alternate scenarios of forest harvest and product management can be compared against this scenario to compare their relative impact on global climate change.
Drifting Away from the Roots: Genderfluidity as Diola’s Mangrove Fishing Strategies in Three Island-Villages of Northern Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Keleman Pieter-Jan , Sá Rui Moutinho , Temudo Marina Padrão
Published: October 2024

Biodiversity loss, habitat degradation, globalization, and societal transformations are challenging rural, and especially coastal communities in Guinea-Bissau where mangrove-dependent livelihoods are exposed to increased vulnerability. The Diola, traditional farmer-fishermen of the northern island-villages, have witnessed swift societal changes following the country’s economic liberalization, climate change, and youth migration from rural areas. Despite historically being a secondary subsistence activity with more predefined gender roles rooted in tradition, mangrove fishing has become a major source of cash income. Yet, women’s mangrove fishing contributions are still overlooked, resulting in general assumptions of static female fishing identities with limited control over their income. We present three case studies of Diola women’s involvement in mangrove fishing through a mixed method approach that combines qualitative techniques and household surveys conducted between 2017 and 2023. Specifically, we explore: (1) diverging societal coping strategies and livelihood developments in three Diola villages; (2) the primary drivers behind village-specific societal transformations; (3) social dynamics and female roles in mangrove fishing-related activities and village decision-making; and (4) the political ecology of interventions. Our findings underscore the complexity of gender-fluid small-scale fishing strategies as female roles beyond fish trade defy cultural generalizations. Contemporary Diola women make autonomous personal and work choices that meet their current needs and add to their household budget to face new welfare demands. Inclusive resource governance needs more gender-specific data for meaningfully implemented interventions adapted to local circumstances, enabling an active participation of all genders in conservation practices and development.
Multilayer networks in landscape ecology: a case study to assess changes in aquatic habitat connectivity for flying and non-flying benthic macroinvertebrates in a Danube floodplain
Authors: Recinos Brizuela Sonia Steffany , Funk Andrea , Tiwari Shubham , Baldan Damiano , Hein Thomas
Published: October 2024

Context

In efforts to mitigate anthropogenic impacts on floodplain biodiversity, restoration measures that enhance habitat connectivity have been applied. However, these approaches have either neglected the spatial position of water bodies or the dynamic nature of the floodplain ecosystem.

Objectives

This study focuses on the novel application of the multilayer network framework to assess changes in the aquatic habitat connectivity in floodplains, showcasing its application in the context of aquatic passive dispersal (drift) of two indicator groups of benthic macroinvertebrates (Oligochaetes and Chironomids)

Methods

Our case study is located in the Donau-Auen National Park in Austria and follows floodplain restoration measures (side-channel reconnection) applied in the mid-1990s. Multilayer networks were constructed to represent the conditions before, short-term, and long-term after restoration to quantify habitat connectivity across inundation frequencies. Our network analyses involved multilayer correlation, static and dynamic monolayer centralities (centrality profiles), and multilayer centrality assessments. We used a Partial Least Squares Regression analysis as a variable selection tool to identify which centrality measures better explained the variance in $$\alpha$$
α
diversity and Local Contributions to Beta Diversity (LCBD) of benthic macroinvertebrates.

Results

In the short-term, our connectivity analysis indicated an increase in habitat connectivity. However, centrality profiles, multilayer correlation, and multilayer centrality techniques identified a long-term decrease in connectivity. Multilayer centralities had higher Variable Importance in the Projection scores (VIP) than their monolayer counterpart in explaining variations in $$\alpha$$
α
diversity and LCBD for strict aquatic dispersers. Meanwhile, for flying dispersers, monolayer centralities had the highest VIP scores for explaining $$\alpha$$
α
diversity.

Conclusions

This study underscores the relevance of integrating dynamic aspects of water-mediated transport beyond traditional pairwise distances. Although in this study we apply this tool by showcasing the aquatic passive dispersal mode, the application of this method can be extended to other dispersal modes and representative abilities for diverse groups of aquatic organisms. The expanding cross-disciplinary applications and open-source tool development for multilayer networks offer practical implications for planning and evaluating management measures.
Researchers’ perceptions of their collaboration with indigenous and local people in environmental change research
Authors: Roos Roxana
Published: October 2024

Seeking to develop more robust diagnoses and responses to complex societal challenges, researchers increasingly involve non-academic actors in collaborative projects. The associated challenges can have major consequences for local people and indigenous peoples. Particularly intractable are the differences in ways of knowing between researchers and other actors which can affect the importance attached to local and indigenous knowledge.

Striving to promote responsible research in projects involving local communities, I investigated how 15 researchers with different disciplinary backgrounds and experience of working with local people in projects focusing on climate change and environmental challenges perceive (1) what triggers the need for research involving local people, (2) what knowledge such projects provide, and (3) what benefits can accrue to local people from such projects. I discuss potential reflexive applications of these perceptions to enhance the inclusivity and fairness of research with local actors.

The main triggers question (1) elicited were researchers’ interests, personal views, happiness, desire to help others and the need to understand, collect, study and know (people, their culture, their experiences, their knowledge and concerns, and their ways of adapting to environmental change). Questions (2) and (3) elicited very varied perceptions, mostly relating to projects interviewees had participated in.
Spatio-temporal variation and prediction of land use and carbon storage based on PLUS-InVEST model in Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Li Jian , Hu Jinshan , Kang Jianrong , Shu Wenjie
Published: October 2024

Coal mining in Shanxi Province for many years has caused regional land-use changes, seriously affecting the local ecological environment. To promote the green and sustainable development of this area and achieve the goal of “double carbon”, the PLUS-InVEST model was used to analyze the nearly 20 year land-use types transfer and carbon storage changes in the region based on the five periods of land-use data of Shanxi Province from 2002 to 2022 in this study. Three scenarios were set up to predict the data in 2032, and the driving forces of spatial differentiation of the carbon storage were analyzed by geographical detector. The results showed that: (1) Land-use change had an important impact on carbon storage. Construction land in Shanxi Province expanded by 3068.47 km2 from 2002 to 2022, an increase of 59.33%, and the rest of the land types, except for forest, continued to decrease, resulting in a decline in total carbon storage of 228.88 × 104 t. (2) The natural development scenario shows the same transfer of land as before in 2032. Under the urban development scenario, the expansion of construction land in Shanxi Province is the largest, and carbon storage decreases instead of increasing; under the ecological protection scenario forest and grassland increase, and carbon storage increase the most, with a value of 738.67 × 104 t. (3) The dominant driving factors for the spatial differentiation of carbon storage in Shanxi Province were the land-use degree comprehensive index and night light index, with the explanatory power of 0.866 and 0.755, respectively, and the interaction of the land-use degree comprehensive index with other factors had the most significant effect on the change of carbon storage. The study suggested that the expansion of construction land into high carbon storage categories was the main reason for the loss of carbon storage, and Shanxi Province should optimize the land-use structure and adopt ecological protection works to increase carbon storage effectively.
Review on In-Situ Marine Monitoring Using Physical and Chemical Optical Fiber Sensors
Authors: Zhuang Funa , Li Yu , Guo Tuan , Yang Qinghua , Luo Yunwen , Wang Jing , Wang Shanshan
Published: October 2024

Optical fiber sensors (OFSs) have attracted more and more attention in the field of in-situ ocean observation because of their advantages of the small size, light weight, low cost, and intrinsic immunity to electromagnetic interference. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the development of various advanced physical and chemical OFSs for in-situ measurement of ocean key parameters, including temperature, salinity, pressure, acoustics, flow velocity and turbulence, potential of hydrogen (pH), heavy metal ions, nitrates, and gases. Moreover, the performances of different kinds of OFSs and their practical sea trial reports for in-situ measurement in the marine environment are provided. As we discussed, the field of OFS is rapidly evolving and is poised to make essential breakthroughs in marine monitoring, leading to better utility of marine resources.
Anna Seghers’ Erzählung Der Ausflug der toten Mädchen
Authors: Juster Alexandra
Published: October 2024

Aus der Perspektive der textualistischen Diskurslinguistik bietet Anna Seghers Erzählung Der Ausflug der toten Mädchen eine vielschichtige Erzählstruktur zwischen Analepsen und Prolepsen in der Analepse: Die Figuren werden rückblickend auf einen Klassenausflug an den Rhein durch die Ich-Erzählerin Netty beschrieben, wobei gleichzeitig auch ihr zukünftiges tödliches Schicksal, das sie in diesem Erinnerungsraum ereilen wird, angekündigt wird. Den Erzählrahmen bildet Seghers Exilaufenthalt in Mexiko. Die Besonderheit der Narrations- und Erinnerungsebenen der Erzählung ist Gegenstand dieses Beitrages und wird insbesondere mit Augenmerk auf die temporale Vielschichtigkeit der Erzählstruktur untersucht: Durch ein komplexes Wechselspiel zwischen dem erzählerischen Ausgangspunkt, Prolepsen und Analepsen einerseits, und durch unterschiedlich angelegte Erinnerungsebenen andererseits, entsteht die vermutlich autobiografische Erzählung Der Ausflug der toten Mädchen, in der sich die Grenze zwischen der Ich-Erzählerin Netty Reiling und der Autorin Anna Seghers auflöst. Die Ich-Erzählerin Netty folgt, in ihrer auktorialen Funktion, Genettes Ordnungsbegriff der zeitlichen Anachronie, um in der Diegese unterschiedliche Zeitebenen, in Verbindung mit der ›Vanitastradition‹, zu erzeugen. Verschiedene Erinnerungsmodi erhöhen diese temporale Vielschichtigkeit.
Vertical profile measurements for ammonia in a Japanese deciduous forest using denuder sampling technique: ammonia emissions near the forest floor
Authors: Xu Mao , Matsumoto Ryota , Chanonmuang Phuvasa , Matsuda Kazuhide
Published: October 2024

Ammonia (NH3) has received considerable attention as a major reduced nitrogen. However, accurate estimates of the deposition amount are difficult due to its complex behavior characterized by bidirectional exchange between the atmosphere and the surface. We observed the vertical profile of NH3 concentration in a deciduous forest in Japan for 1 year to further advance the studies on NH3 bidirectional exchange in Asia, especially focusing on the process near the forest floor. The observation period lasted from September 29, 2020, to September 28, 2021, including leafy and leafless periods. Using the denuder sampling technique, we measured NH3 concentration in the forest at three heights (above the forest canopy, 30 m, and near the forest floor, 2 m and 0.2 m). NH3 concentrations tended to be highest at the top of the canopy (30 m). Focusing on the concentration near the forest floor, the concentrations at 0.2 m were frequently higher than those at 2 m regardless of the leafy and leafless period, thus suggesting NH3 emissions from the forest floor. NH3 concentration near the forest floor showed strong positive correlations with air temperature during the leafy period. The NH3 emissions from the forest floor during the leafy period were possibly due to the decomposition of leaf litter with increased air temperature. The decrease in leaf area index might induced the increase in NH3 concentration and emission. NH3 emission during the leafless period was also possibly dependent on the state of the deposition surface, apart from air temperature, relative humidity, and leaf area index.

Graphical Abstract
Assault Brigade
Authors: Miller Matthew
Published: October 2024

The Australian Army served in numerous theatres and campaigns throughout World War II, earning distinction and at times facing significant challenges. During the Pacific War, the infantry brigade, as an intermediate formation commanding multiple infantry battalions and numerous attached units, was key in Australian efforts to secure victory. The 18th Infantry Brigade participated in a variety of combat operations with a range of allies allowing it rare experience among Australian units. It's involvement in operations from Europe to the Middle East and onto the Pacific ensured that it was one of the most modern brigades at the close of the war. Assault Brigade examines the challenges and development of the Australian Army's 18th Infantry Brigade throughout World War II. It investigates a series of campaigns fought across the South West Pacific Area, highlighting lessons learnt and adaptations implemented as a result of each battle.
Values and Disorder in Mental Capacity Law
Authors: Auckland Cressida
Published: October 2024

This book draws on the disciplines of law, philosophy, and psychiatry to interrogate whether the Mental Capacity Act 2005 meets the challenges posed by mental disorder to decision-making. It is often assumed that to allow space for individuality, any test for capacity must focus only on decision-making processes and not on the substance of the values that underpin decisions. Auckland challenges this assumption, arguing that the current law serves merely as a façade, behind which judgements can be made about the nature of a person's values, free from proper scrutiny. This book provides an in-depth analysis of when and how a person's disordered values should be relevant to the determination of their capacity, offering novel suggestions for reforming the capacity test to better reflect the impact of disorder on decision-making. It also explores the implications of this analysis for people found to lack capacity, concluding that reforms to the best interest provisions are urgently needed. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
Emerson's Civil Wars
Authors: Sacks Kenneth S.
Published: October 2024

Kenneth S. Sacks explores how America's first public intellectual, determined to live self-reliantly, wrestled with his personal philosophy and eventually supported collective action to abolish slavery. Ralph Waldo Emerson was successful in creating a national audience for his philosophy and enjoyed the material and social rewards of that success. Contrary to most other Emerson scholars, however, Sacks argues that Emerson resisted active abolition and did not become a supporter until events forced his hand. Committing to the antislavery movement was risky and ran against his essential belief in social gradualism. Events in the mid-1850s, though, hastened Emerson's conversion and he eventually became a leader in the movement. A study of an intellectual under the pressure to engage in political action, Emerson's Civil Wars enriches our understanding of Emerson's antislavery activities, life, and career.
The spatial and temporal effect of electrochromic windows on indoor and human microbiome in an inpatient hospital
Authors: Lam Man In , Gleason Kelsey , Repp Allen B. , Yeo Sam , Vojnits Kinga , MacNaughton Piers , Pakpour Sepideh
Published: October 2024

Objective:

Improving the hospital environment and developing novel disinfection strategies are critical for infection control in healthcare settings. In this study, we explored the effects of electrochromic (EC) windows on indoor and patient microbiome in an inpatient hospital.

Patient and setting:

Hematology-Oncology patients at the University of Vermont Medical Center

Methods:

We conducted a prospective study in ten occupied patient rooms. Five of the patient rooms had active EC windows that tint dynamically to control for heat and glare, and the other five rooms had deactivated EC windows that simulated traditional windows and blinds. Samples were collected one day before patient admission as baseline and on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day of the patient stay. Total bacterial abundance and bacterial community structure were determined through quantitative PCR and 16s rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing, respectively.

Results:

Patient rooms with active EC windows had significantly lower light intensity and temperature than traditional patient rooms with blinds. The absolute bacterial abundance and diversities on windows were significantly lower in rooms with EC windows and the bacterial composition changed after one day EC window activation. Compared to baseline, relative abundance of the Staphylococcus genus was significantly lower on EC window surface during the five-day experiment. In contrast, the air microbiome was more diverse in rooms with EC windows.

Conclusion:

Active electrochromic (EC) windows in patient rooms result in lower light intensity and temperature, reduced bacterial abundance and diversities on window surfaces, and a more diverse air microbiome, informing future healthcare design.
Mobilization of a Mobile Veterinary Clinic to Ukraine During Wartime: Notes from the Field
Authors: Geller Jon
Published: October 2024

In late May, 2023, a 25’ long mobile veterinary clinic was mobilized to Ukraine from the US to provide emergency veterinary response for the animals of Ukraine. Due to effects of the Russian invasion, many pets and other animals were suffering from neglect, starvation and injuries, and many veterinary practices had been forced to close, greatly decreasing access to care. Prior to the mobilization of the mobile clinic, an initial response to care for pets of Ukraine refugees had been set up at the Ukraine-Romania border in early March 2022, soon after the invasion begun. This presentation will describe the initial challenges that arose when 6 million refugees, some with pets, migrated from Eurasia to Eastern and Westen Europe with the focus on potential zoonotic disease transmission, barriers to travelling to the EU with pets, and the strong bonds that the Ukraine people had with their pets. The main focus of the presentation will be on the many logistical challenges that arose with the transport and mobilization of the mobile veterinary clinic from the US to Ukraine, and operational issues related to security, travel logistics, language barriers, stocking drugs and medical supplies, pet overpopulation and many other challenges.
Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Disaster Medicine
Authors: O’Mathúna Dónal P
Published: October 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) covers a broad range of technologies that offer great potential and raise concerns, including ethical concerns. Some of these apply to any new technology. Potential benefits provide ethical justifications for AI, but what about potential risks and harms? How do we assess unknown harms, especially ‘dual use’ dilemmas where beneficial AI could be hijacked for harmful uses? Other ethical issues relate to the data used in AI. Machine learning offers the potential to process massive amounts of data that can be put to good use in disaster risk reduction, planning and guiding disaster responses. However, the quality of the output depends on the quality of the data input. What ethical responsibilities apply to monitoring data quality? How will privacy and confidentiality be protected for such data, especially if used for disasters in conflict or insecure settings? What if the data is influenced by inequities, or the output is used for stigmatization or discrimination? This presentation will examine these and other ethical issues with AI and disasters.

Learning Objectives

To identify ethical issues with AI and disasters.

To provide ethical analysis of concerns about AI and disasters.

To propose ethically responsible ways of using AI for disasters.
Developing Wearable (Wristband) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Drone) Advanced Technologies in Mass Casualty Incident (MCI) Response: The NIGHTINGALE PROJECT
Authors: Caviglia Marta
Published: October 2024

The NIGHTINGALE PROJECT aims at transforming the landscape of Mass Casualty Incident (MCI) response by seamlessly incorporating cutting-edge technologies. At its core, this initiative leverages advanced solutions, including wearable wristbands and unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), to enhance the operational efficiency and effectiveness of MCI response teams. These technologies are designed to provide real-time data collection, communication, and coordination capabilities, offering invaluable support for first responders in chaotic and resource-constrained MCI scenarios. The successful integration of such innovative technologies within the complex operational context of MCI handling poses a series of challenges that hold the potential to reshape the existing paradigms. Therefore, NIGHTINGALE users have performed a thorough analysis of the widely operated protocols and discussed common denominators of MCI prehospital response in light of these new technological solutions, with the objective of translating recommendations into practice.

Learning Objectives

Gain a comprehensive understanding of the cutting-edge technologies (such as wearables and drones) that can potentially be integrated in prehospital MCI response.

Learn how these technologies operate and their potential benefit in enhancing MCI response.

Understand challenges and implications of technology integration into the complex operational context of MCI handling.