bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In VitroEfficacy of Four Insecticides Against Eggs of Tunga penetrans (Siphonaptera)
Authors: Kiesewetter Tim , Ariza Liana , Martins Maria M. , Limongi Jean E. , da Silva Juliana Junqueira , Mendes Julio , Calheiros Claudia M. Lins , Becher Heiko , Heukelbach Jorg
Published: August 2013

Systematic assessments of control measures against the jigger flea Tunga penetrans are scarce, and there are no
published data available on the efficacy of environmental insecticides against immature stages. We tested four
environmental contact insecticides used by Brazilian authorities for disease control (deltamethrin, bifenthrin, dichlorvos
and etofenprox) against T. penetrans eggs. Eggs were reared in vitro. Hatch rates were observed under standardized
conditions and compared to a control group (40 eggs in each group). No larvae hatched after treatment with the
organophosphate dichlorvos (100% efficacy). The efficacies of the other products tested varied between 17% and 57%.
The data show that the organophosphate dichlorvos had a good in vitro efficacy. The use of dichlorvos can be directed to
typical spots where early stages of T. penetrans are expected, considering its toxicity. Disease control should also consist
of prevention measures concerning housing and environmental conditions, veterinary and human health measures.
Community Annotation and the Evolution of Cooperation: How Patience
Matters
Authors: Basuchoudhary Atin , Simoyan Vahan , Mazumder Raja
Published: August 2013

We investigate why biologists fail to contribute to biological databases although almost all of them use these
databases for research. We find, using evolutionary game theory and computer simulations, that (a) the initial distribution
of contributors who are patient determines whether a culture of contribution will prevail or not (b) institutions (where
institution means “a significant practice, relationship, or organization in a society or culture”) that incentivize patience and
therefore limit free riding make contribution more likely and, (c) a stable institution, whether it incentivizes patience or
not, will increase contribution. As a result we suggest there is a trade-off between the benefits of changing institutions to
incentivize patience and the costs of the change itself. Moreover, even if it is possible to create institutions that incentivize
patience among scientists such institutions may nevertheless fail. We create a computer simulation of a population of
biologists based on our theory. These simulations suggest that institutions should focus more on rewards rather than
penalties to incentivize a culture of contribution. Our approach therefore provides a methodology for developing a
practical blueprint for organizing scientists to encourage cooperation and maximizing scientific output.
Milk radioactivity in Serbia from Cernobyl nuclear disaster in 1986. to Fukushima accident in 2011.
Authors: Vitorovic Gordana , Mitrovic Branislava , Pantelic Gordana , Vitorovic D. , Stojanovic Mirjana , Grdovic Svetlana
Published: August 2013

Radionucleides, which are commonly released into the atmosphere after
accidents on nuclear plants, by atmospheric precipitation fall onto the
earth, are deposited in the soil, an consequently contaminate the
environment, getting into the food chain. Considering that milk represents a
kind of food that is consumed by all people, especially children, with the
aim to protect the population after Cernobil accident, from then to today,
constant long-term monitoring of antropogenic radionucleide (137Cs) presence
in milk samples has been carried out, at almost comlete teritory of Serbia.
Beside that, immediately after the nuclear accidents in Fukushima power
plants, during march and april 2011. laboratory for radiation hygiene at the
Faculty of veterinary medicine in Belgrade, carried out a special monitoring
of radioactivity (40K , 131I 137Cs) in dairy cow, sheep and goat milk, at 30
localities in Serbia. The obtained results showed that the activity of 137Cs,
as a consequence of Chernobyl accident, in milk at the teritory of Serbia was
below limit detection. Despite a large distance between Japan and Serbia,
traces of 131I and 137Cs were detected in sheep and goat milk samples in
april 2011., but considering their low activity, they do not represent a
radiation risk for population in Serbia.
Health care of hunting dogs
Authors: Spasojevic-Kosic Ljubica , Savic Sara
Published: August 2013

There are two basic aspects of hunting dog?s health care: infectious diseases
of hunting dogs and dog?s hunting performance. Concerning infectious diseases
of hunting dogs, special attention is paid to public health, preventing
possible dangers that could possibly arise. On the other hand, hunting
performance of dogs depends on their nutrition. A complete analysis of
hunting dogs? health care in our country requires an assessment of awareness
level in hunters about dangers which both humans and hunting dogs are exposed
to, evaluation of preventive measures implementation in dogs by hunters, the
prevalence of certain infections in dogs and determination of health risk for
dogs and people related to hunting. This paper shows the results of a survey
conducted among hunters with the objective to perceive their awareness of
medical risks that hunters and hunting dogs could possibly be exposed to
during hunting.
Right heart failure in dairy cow caused by traumatic pericaridtis: Case report
Authors: Vujanac Ivan , Prodanovic Radisa , Dzmura Goran , Djuric Miloje , Marinkovic Darko , Kirovski Danijela
Published: August 2013

In this paper there is presented right heart failure in 10 years' old cow.
During last year it had changeable apetite, profuse diarrhea as well as
fluctuations in milk production. In the mentoned period it did not conceive.
By examination of peripheral blood vessels, there were determined some
changes in pulse quality (p.rarus et parvus) and charge of neck veins (venous
stasis). Under the skin in sternum region there was noticeable swelling of
pastose condensation. Visible mucosas were pail. Heart sounds were barely
audible, and at puncta optima aorte and a.pulmonalis could not be heard at
all. On the right side of the chest, first and second heart tones audability
was better, compared to those of the opposite side. By examining of the
reticulum by testing on foreign body presence, the animal did not react
painfully. On the basis of these data, there was diagnosed: Insufficientio
cordis et pericarditis traumatica in obs. By laboratory analysis of blood
samples, trere was determined hypochromic and microcytic anemia, mild
leukocytosis with neutrophilia, as well as hyperproteinemia characterized by
hypoalbuminemia and hyperglobulinemia. These findings pointed out to iron
deficiency, inflammatory process and reduced syntetic ability of liver. For
economic reasons, the animal was sent to the slaughter. By pathomorphological
examination there were determined connective tissue adhesions among
reticulum, diaphragm, pericardium and the base of the heart. The foreign body
was located in the base of the heart where a large abscess was formed.
Pericardium was thickened, and on its inner side there were grained sediments
of fibrin and purulent content. Right ventricle of the heart was expanded and
the wall was thinned. By histopathological examination of the heart, there
was found out thickened pericardium with fibrin sediments, and the wall of
the abscess located on the base of the heart was formed of connective tissue
largely infiltrated by neutrophyl granulocytes. On the basis of the findings,
there was diagnosed Pericarditis purulenta chronica.
Transitioning Roles of Post-Secondary Education and Community Colleges Worldwide
Authors: Wiseman Alexander W. , Chase-Mayoral Audree
Published: August 2013

This special issue of Research in Comparative and International Education investigates the spread and development of two-year and community college institutions worldwide. While not all post-secondary education falls within the scope or definition of community colleges, both post-secondary and community college education tend to serve the needs of their local communities by bridging the gap between largely academic education and technical training. These institutions may be called by different names and may not be structured the same in all international contexts, but their core missions remain surprisingly consistent. The balance in emphasis between more academic versus more technical curricula and coursework in post-secondary education and community colleges often depends on the community context and student needs. In the case of community colleges there is also the added emphasis on providing all members of a particular community with learning that is open and accessible. The students that post-secondary education and community colleges serve come from various socioeconomic backgrounds, ages, races, cultures, and genders, but are often skewed towards those who are disadvantaged to some degree compared to others in higher education. Whether they provide these students with remedial education, technical training, the ability to transfer to four-year colleges or universities, or lifelong-learning opportunities, post-secondary education and community colleges adapt and model themselves differently around the world to meet these various community needs. This special issue identifies and analyzes some of the ways that post-secondary education and community colleges have developed and implemented their educational missions in different international contexts, but for similar purposes.
Prevention of Obesity and Insulin Resistance by Estrogens Requires ERα Activation Function-2 (ERαAF-2), Whereas ERαAF-1 Is Dispensable
Authors: Handgraaf Sandra , Riant Elodie , Fabre Aurélie , Waget Aurélie , Burcelin Rémy , Lière Philippe , Krust Andrée , Chambon Pierre , Arnal Jean-François , Gourdy Pierre
Published: August 2013

The beneficial metabolic actions of estrogen-based therapies are mainly mediated by estrogen receptor α (ERα), a nuclear receptor that regulates gene transcription through two activation functions (AFs): AF-1 and AF-2. Using mouse models deleted electively for ERαAF-1 (ERαAF-1°) or ERαAF-2 (ERαAF-2°), we determined their respective roles in the actions of estrogens on body composition and glucose homeostasis in response to either a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD). ERαAF-2° males and females developed accelerated weight gain, massive adiposity, severe insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance—quite reminiscent of the phenotype observed in mice deleted for the entire ERα protein (ERα−/−). In striking contrast, ERαAF-1° and wild-type (wt) mice shared a similar metabolic phenotype. Accordingly, 17β-estradiol administration regulated key metabolic genes in insulin-sensitive tissues and conferred a strong protection against HFD-induced metabolic disturbances in wt and ERαAF-1° ovariectomized mice, whereas these actions were totally abrogated in ERαAF-2° and ERα−/− mice. Thus, whereas both AFs have been previously shown to contribute to endometrial and breast cancer cell proliferation, the protective effect of estrogens against obesity and insulin resistance depends on ERαAF-2 but not ERαAF-1, thereby delineating new options for selective modulation of ERα.
Three-dimensional microstructure characteristics and evolution on dentin surface induced by ultraviolet laser irradiation
Authors: Li Qiurui , Ji Lingfei , Chen Xiaochuan , Jiang Yijian
Published: August 2013

In texturing dentin surface by KrF laser with the fluences of 200–800 mJ/cm2, it is observed the irradiated surface topography has different characteristics with that irradiated under high fluence above 1000 mJ/cm2 reported in previous studies. The formation threshold fluence of the microstructure consisted of erected microcylinders was determined at 400 mJ/cm2. By scanning electron microscopy including fine examination of a single microstructure unit under high magnification, the microstructure formation and evolution tending to the fashion of high fluence were given. Analysis of the ablation details captured by high-speed photography confirmed the development mechanism of the texturing microstructure. Raman analysis showed the composition of the laser textured dentin underwent changes. Although the texturing is related to the characteristics of the dentin tissue, laser parameters play a decisive role in the controlling of the shape and the height of the three-dimensional microstructure. The combination of our work and the previous work by Sivakumar et al. [J. Laser Appl. 18(4), 330–333 (2006) and Lasers Med. Sci. 21, 160–164 (2006)] demonstrates laser fabrication of the three-dimensional microstructure with different topography features on dentin surface is controllable.
Effects of laser dimple texturing on the sliding wear of friction pairs
Authors: Zhan Jian , Yang Mingjiang
Published: August 2013

In order to reduce the sliding wear of friction pairs under dry friction condition, the surfaces of friction pairs were textured with morphology of dimples using laser etching technique, and the influence of surface micromorphology on the wear rate of friction pairs was studied. The results show that the laser dimple texturing can reduce abrasive wear of the friction pairs when they were in rolling contact and sliding movements, the occurrence of pear-shaped ditches was eliminated and damage of the surface oxide layer was relieved. The well-preserved surface oxide layer would restrain the penetration of air oxygen molecules into the friction pair, thanks to the dense oxide layer, and thereby reduce the wear rate. For the friction pair textured with morphology of etched dimples, the oxide layer is well preserved, its wear rate is reduced, and the oxygen atomic mass percentage on the surface is rather low.
Random laser action with nanostructures in a dye solution
Authors: Kumar Bhupesh , Patel S. K. S. , Gajbhiye N. S. , Thareja Raj K.
Published: August 2013

Photoluminescence of Rhodamine B dye solution containing nanostructures of titanium dioxide (nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanotubes) was investigated at various optical excitation intensities. The stimulated emission was observed owing to multiple scattering of photons in the dye solution. The threshold intensity, emission wavelength, and profile of stimulated emission are different for different nanostructures. Single and double emission peaks were observed, respectively, at low (10−3 M) and high (10−2 M) dye concentrations. The stimulated emission characteristics with nanostructures dispersed in dye solution are attributed to the nonresonant scattering.
Identification of Telomeric Sequences in Pigs with Rearranged Karyotype Using Prins Technique / Identyfikacja sekwencji telomerowych u świń z rearanżacją kariotypu przy wykorzystaniu techniki PRINS
Authors: Danielak-Czech Barbara , Rejduch Barbara , Kozubska-Sobocińska Anna
Published: August 2013

Using PRINS technique with oligonucleotide primer complementary to the telomere sequence repeats (TTAGGG )n, the interstitial telomeric signals in 6q22 and 7q13 unstable chromosome regions in pigs with t(7;13)(q13;q46) reciprocal translocation were identified. The intrachromosomal localization of telomeric repeats specific for 7q13 region were revealed to strictly correspond to breakpoint of this translocation as well as several others described earlier. The present study showed the usefulness of PRINS technique for identification of intrachromosomal telomeric sequences in pig genome regions, extremely prone to breakage and predisposed to chromosome reorganizations, especially with regard to the clinical cases of karyotype defects.
Temperature, Humidity and Air Movement Variations Inside a Free-Stall Barn During Heavy Frost / Zróżnicowanie warunków cieplno-wilgotnościowych i ruchu powietrza w oborze wolnostanowiskowej podczas silnych mrozów
Authors: Herbut Piotr
Published: August 2013

The paper presents results of research on the variability of temperature, humidity and air movement in selected areas of a free-stall barn during heavy frost. The study revealed the occurrence of unfavourable factors influencing microclimate in the barn. Some areas of the barn suffered from draughts, some were excessively exposed to sun or too shaded, which resulted in significant temperature and relative humidity fluctuations during the day as well as changes in air movement velocity. All these factors exerted an impact on cattle welfare. The conclusion points out the need to determine zones in the barn characterized by clearly different microclimatic conditions. In the studied example, these conditions were influenced by weather changes and depended on the orientation of the building to cardinal points as well as wall construction materials.
Stimulatory Effect of hCG on Male American Mink (Neovison Vison) in the Breeding Season / Wpływ stymulacji hCG na samce norki amerykańskiej (Neovison vison) w okresie kryć
Authors: Lasota Bogdan , Masłowska Anna , Felska-Błaszczyk Lidia , Dziadosz Małgorzata , Seremak Beata , Skuratko Agata
Published: August 2013

The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of a male mink single-dose hCG stimulation on the libido during the mating season and on blood testosterone levels after the season. The material involved males of American mink. The treatment-group males were administered a dose of 100, 150 or 200 U of hCG. Blood was collected twice, approx. 2 weeks prior to and on the completion of the mating season. The group receiving 100 U hCG had the highest percentage of males effectively copulating with females within the first 24 hours after stimulation, whereas males stimulated with a dose of 200 U hCG showed the lowest libido over the same period. On the other hand, males of the group stimulated with 150 U hCG mated to the highest number of females throughout the mating season. The mean plasma testosterone concentration in all the studied males on 18 February was 12.44 ng/ml. The drop in testosterone concentration at the end of the mating season was significant.
A Connection Between Mastitis During Early Lactation and Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows – A Review / Związek mastitis we wczesnej laktacji z użytkowością reprodukcyjną krów mlecznych – artykuł przeglądowy
Authors: Olechnowicz Jan , Jaśkowski Jędrzej M.
Published: August 2013

The objective of this study was to present a relationship between mastitis in the post-calving period and fertility traits of dairy cows. The threshold of 200,000 cells/ml for somatic cell count is used as a reference for healthy quarters of the cow’s udder. The genetic correlation between mastitis and somatic cell count is strong (from 0.7 to 0.8). Although heritability for fertility traits is low (from 0.01 to 0.02), the genetic standard deviation for mastitis varies from 1.2 to 7.0 percentage units, suggesting that genetic gain can be achieved by selecting for mastitis. Results of this study suggest that mastitis in the postpartum period can have a markedly negative impact on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. The synergistic effect of common conditions (somatic cell count, body condition score and lameness score) or other factors (e.g. heat stress, fertility management, the presence of repeat breeders) also lowers fertility of cows. Production of milk with fewer than 100,000 cells/ml leads to improved health and fertility in the cows.
The Relationship Between CRP Gene Polymorphism and the Serum Concentrations of C-Reactive Protein, Total Cholesterol and HDL Cholesterol in Suckling Piglets / Związek polimorfizmu genu CRP z koncentracją kodowanego białka C-reaktywnego, cholesterolu całkowitego i HDL-ch w surowicy krwi ssących prosiąt
Authors: Łaszyn Marek , Sielawa Hanna , Życzko Krystyna
Published: August 2013

The relationship between CRP gene (1271 G/A, 3’UTR) polymorphism and the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol (Ch-T) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-ch) was analysed in suckling crossbred [Polish Large White × Polish Landrace (♀) × × Duroc × Pietrain (♂)] piglets. CRP genotypes were identified by PCR-RFLP with Hinfi restriction enzyme. The levels of CRP, Ch-T, HDL-ch and white blood cell (WBC) counts were determined in blood samples collected from younger (21±3 days of age) and older piglets (35±3 days of age). There was a relationship between CRP gene (1271 G/A, 3’UTR) polymorphism and variations in the serum levels of CRP in piglets with normal WBC counts. The above relationship did not manifest itself in piglets with elevated WBC counts. The studied genotypes differed in their response to elevated WBC counts, and the noted differences were more pronounced in older piglets. The response of genotypes with weak CRP expression caused an increase in CRP levels and a decrease in the serum concentrations of Ch-T and HDL-ch. Such a response was not observed in the genotype with strong CRP expression.
Hygienic Aspects of Cattle Slurry Storage as the Most Popular and Cheapest Method of Handling Liquid Animal Excrements / Higieniczne aspekty składowania gnojowicy bydlęcej jako najpopularniejszej i najtańszej metody postępowania z płynnymi odchodami zwierzęcymi
Authors: Skowron Krzysztof , Olszewska Halina , Skowron Karolina Jadwiga , Paluszak Piotr , Breza-Boruta Barbara
Published: August 2013

Slurry is a very valuable natural fertilizer, but its improper use in agriculture poses a serious sanitary threat. Therefore its treatment before use for fertilization is advisable. One of such methods, which is still the most popular, is storage of liquid excrements. The aim of this study was to estimate the sanitization effectiveness of storage at 4ºC and 20ºC based on parameters describing the kinetics of changes in the population of some indicator bacteria in cattle slurry with different dry matter content. The material for the study was fresh cattle slurry. The liquid excrements used in the experiment had a dry matter content of 2, 6 and 14%. Slurry was stored at 4ºC and 20ºC. Bacilli of Salmonella Dublin, E. coli and enterococci were used as indicator bacteria. Number of microorganisms was determined based on MPN method in a 3-tube design. Basic parameters of the bacteria inactivation kinetics were calculated and statistical analysis was made using the program SAS 9.2 PL. In stored slurry a gradual elimination of all the studied microorganisms was observed. Hygienization effect of storage was smaller at 4ºC than at 20ºC and in excrements with a high dry matter content. Depending on storage temperature and dry matter proportion, the theoretical times of survival ranged from 81.85 to 220.80 days for bacilli of Salmonella Dublin, from 74.93 to 199.36 days for E. coli, and from 118.67 to 335.84 days for enterococci. The study showed explicitly that statutory time of slurry storage is insufficient to ensure its complete hygienization.
Poultry Meat as Functional Food: Modification of the Fatty Acid Profile – A Review / Mięso drobiowe jako żywność funkcjonalna: modyfikacja profilu kwasów tłuszczowych – artykuł przeglądowy
Authors: Zduńczyk Zenon , Jankowski Jan
Published: August 2013

Functional foods, defined as “foods that may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition”, became increasingly popular in the past twenty years with numerous practical applications. In Europe, functional foods must be accompanied by scientifically substantiated health claims. Products which aspire to that category include poultry meat and processed meat products which have been modified through bird nutrition. This article reviews the existing knowledge about foods fortified with health-promoting additives. It discusses the physiological, economic and legal aspects of modifying poultry meat, including turkey meat which has been poorly investigated in this context. The addition of oils rich in PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids), e.g. linseed oil, to poultry diets has been found to increase LC n-3 PUFA (long-chain omega-3 PUFA) concentrations in chicken and turkey meat. LC n-3 PUFAs participate in many processes that condition metabolism and health, and the nutritional value of meat, including poultry, is most commonly enhanced by increasing the proportion of LC n-3 PUFAs in the product's fatty acid composition. However, it increases feed costs and may cause a deterioration in the sensory attributes and oxidative stability of meat. Turkey breast meat is characterized by a relatively low fat content, which is why the fulfilment of health claim requirements is difficult in the European Union.
Growth, yielding and susceptibility to fire blight of cider apples in the climatic conditions of Central Poland
Authors: Czynczyk Alojzy , Chlebowska Danuta , Epps Tim
Published: August 2013

The possibility of growing 8 cider apple cultivars on M.26, P 14 and Antonovka seedlings in the climatic conditions of Central Poland was studied over a period of 7 years (1996 - 2003). The results obtained showed that cultivars of cider apples are more susceptible to fire blight than standard cultivars ‘James Grieve’, ‘Wealthy’ and ‘Common Antonovka’. After seven years of growth, the most vigorously growing cultivars on the three rootstocks were ‘Ellis Bitter’ and ‘Major’, and on Antonovka seedlings also ‘Yarlington Mill’ and ‘Harry Masters’ Jersey’. The weakest growth was shown by ‘Ashton Bitter’ and ‘Michelin’ on all three rootstocks. Trees of cider cultivars ‘Dabinett’, ‘Michelin’, ‘Ashton Bitter’ and ‘Chisel Jersey’ were similar in size to standard cultivar ‘James Grieve’. After the seven-year period, the highest cumulative yields were obtained from ‘Dabinett’, ‘Chisel Jersey’ and ‘Yarlington Mill’ grown on all three rootstocks. A high cumulative yield was also obtained from ‘Major’ grafted on M.26 and P 14 and ‘Michelin on P 14 and Antonovka seedlings. ‘Dabinett’, ‘Major’ and ‘Chisel Jersey’ were high productive cultivars and can be recommended for growing on P 14 and Antonovka seedlings in commercial orchards in Poland.
Pathogenicity of selected soil-borne microorganisms for scorzonera seedlings (Scorzonera hispanica L.)
Authors: Patkowska Elżbieta , Konopiński Mirosław
Published: August 2013

The pathogenicity of A. alternata, F. culmorum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, P. irregulare, and R. solani isolated from oats, spring vetch, and tancy phacelia mulch soil to Scorzonera hispanica L. in the conditions of a growth chamber was studied. The pathogenicity of these microorganisms was established on the basis of the number of emerged plants and their healthiness. The studied species considerably decreased the emergencies and healthiness of the seedlings, e.g. necrosis of sprouts and roots. Differentiated harmfulness of particular microorganisms isolates was observed within a given species. The isolates of P. irregulare and F. oxysporum proved to be the most severe for the seedlings, while A. alternata the least.
Lavandula angustifolia Mill. as a natural host of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
Authors: Kobyłko Tadeusz , Dańda Piotr , Hasiów Beata , Pospieszny Henryk , Borodynko Natasza
Published: August 2013

A virus was isolated from Lavandula angustifolia Mill. plants exhibiting yellow mottling and distortion of leaves. After mechanical inoculation it induced in the major part of used test plants symptoms characteristic for Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Its standard properties regarding the stability in crude plant sap were as follows: longevity in vitro 1-2 days, thermal inactivation point 55-60°C, dilution end point log10minus 3 - 4. The virus reacted positive with diagnostic antiserum against CMV in DAS-ELISA test. RT-PCR reaction revealed similarity between the investigated isolate and the isolate of CMV from the Netherlands belonging to subgroup II. In the light of the foregoing facts the isolated pathogen can be identified as the Cucumber mosaic virus and Lavandula angustifolia may be regarded as its natural host.
Pathogenicity of fungi colonising the soil after the cultivation of cover crops towards the seedlings of salsify Tragopogon porrifolius var. sativus (Gaterau) Br.
Authors: Patkowska Elżbieta , Konopiński Mirosław
Published: August 2013

The purpose of the present study was to conduct pathogenicity tests for salsify seedlings in a soil environment colonised by selected fungi species, after the cultivation of cover crops such as oats, common vetch and tancy phacelia. A growth chamber experiment used the seeds of ‘Mamut’ salsify and soil overgrown with Altenaria alternata, Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum, Pythium irregulare, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The pathogenicity of these microorganisms towards salsify seedlings was established on the basis of the grown plants, their health and a disease index calculated on the basis of a fivedegree scale. The examined isolates considerably weakened the emergence and health of salsify. Based on pathogenicity tests, such species as R. solani, S. sclerotiorum and P. irregulare were considered as the major cause of seedling necrosis and root rot of the plants of the Tragopogon porrifolius var. sativus. Among the studied soil-borne plant pathogens, the most pathogenic ones towards salsify seedlings proved to be the isolates of R. solani, S. sclerotiorum and P. irregulare, whereas the least harmful included A. alternata and F. culmorum.
The morphogenetic capability and the viability of regenerants in micropropagated orchid hybrids infected with viral pathogens
Authors: Cybularz-Urban Teresa , Hanus-Fajerska Ewa
Published: August 2013

The micropropagation efficiency of four interspecific Cattleya hybrids (clones: 69, 75, 149 and 150) infected with Cymbidium mosaic (CyMV) and Odontoglossum ringspot (ORSV) viruses was assessed. The aim of experiments was to evaluate with that model to what extent viral infection affects the morphogenesis in vitro in orchid hybrids of different origin. The effectiveness of plant material exposure to therapeutic levels of plant growth regulators supplied with media in order to suppress infection was also verified. The vitality of proliferating infected shoot cultures was limited, and the symptoms of senility were frequently observed. Regardless genotype of the studied clone, during acclimation to ex vitro conditions considerable losses become visible what indicates the necessity of testing the donor material for possible latent viral infections. Infection with CyMV and ORSV mostly persisted in every tested clone.
Influence of varied potassium fertilization on eggplant yield and fruit quality in plastic tunnel
Authors: Michałojć Zenia , Buczkowska Halina
Published: August 2013

Studies upon the ‛Epic F1’ eggplant were carried out in 2004 − 2005 in an unheated plastic tunnel. The eggplant was cultivated in cylinders made of rigid foil of 10 dm3 capacity each filled with horticultural peat in 0.6 × 0.5 m spacing. The experiment consisted of two factors in a complete randomized design. The influence of the following factors was examined: 1 - potassium fertilizer kind (KCl, K2SO4, KNO3); 2 - potassium dose (8, 16, 24 g K per plant). Fruit samples were harvested for laboratory analyses in the middle of August in the middle of the fruiting period. Fruits were harvested every 7-10 days at the stage of utilization maturity. Total and commercial yields as well as the number of fruits per 1 m2 were evaluated. Fresh fruits were subjected to the following analyses: dry matter - drying method, vitamin C - Tillmans’ method, and sugars - Schoorl-Rogenbogen’s method. The obtained results were subjected to analysis of variance. Different potassium fertilizers did not significantly influence yield size and structure as well as eggplant fruit number. The highest fruit yield was obtained from plants fertilized with potassium in the form of KCl at the largest dose of 24 g K per plant. No effects of potassium doses in a form of K2SO4 and KNO3 on eggplant yield were observed. Instead, significant influence of varied potassium fertilization on the fruits’ biological value was found. Potassium added in a form of KNO3 at a dose of 8 g K per plant resulted in the highest dry matter and vitamin C content in eggplant.
Growth and cropping of two cultivars of peach and nectarine in the conditions of the Sandomierska Plateau
Authors: Wociór Stanisław
Published: August 2013

In this experiment, the growth of peach and nectarine trees was determined to be related to the cultivar. ‘Inka’ peach trees grew weaker than ‘Harbinger’ trees. The ‘John Rivers’ nectarine was characterized by stronger growth than the ‘Harko’. The amount of crops produced by the trees was related to the cultivar and the meteorological conditions during winter and spring. ‘Inka’ produced higher yields and bigger fruits as compared to ‘Harbinger’. The ‘Harko’ cultivar provided significantly higher yields than the ‘John Rivers’ only in 2006. Peach and nectarine fruit production in the Sandomierska Plateau in the years 2004 − 2007 was risky. In 2006, damage to the flower buds during winter caused no crop yield in young peach trees and the older ones of the ‘Harbinger’ cultivar. A minor reaction to the temperature drop, down to -26.8oC, was found for nectarines in comparison with peach trees. In 2007, the spring frost injured flower pistils and caused a lack of crops from the studied cultivars.
Seasonal changes in the nutritional status and yielding of Anthurium cultorum Birdsey. Part I. Macroelements
Authors: Kleiber Tomasz , Komosa Andrzej , Krzyszkowska Jolanta , Moliński Krzysztof
Published: August 2013

The aim of the research, which was carried out in the years 2002 − 2004, was the determination of the natural tendencies in the macroelement nutritional status and in the yielding of the standard cultivars of Anthurium cultorum Birdsey (‘Baron’, ‘Choco’, ‘Midori’, ‘Pistache’, ‘President’, ‘Tropical’ from Anthura B.V., the Netherlands) in the autumn-winter and spring-summer vegetations periods. The anthurium was grown in expanded clay with the use of standard nutrients in a drip fertigation system. It was found that an improvement of light conditions caused a significant increase in plant yielding. During the three years of the study, it was found that an essential influence was exerted by the vegetation period on the amount of phosphorus and potassium in the plants’ leaves. In the spring-summer period, a considerable decrease of phosphorus content in the plants was observed, but at the same time, there was an increase of potassium content. In the springsummer period, plant age affected the phosphorus and calcium content of the plants, while in the autumn-winter period, the phosphorus, potassium and calcium content was affected. A decrease in calcium, nitrogen and magnesium content was found in the spring-summer period, while the content of sulphur tended to increase. The obtained results could be a valuable instrument for the interpretation of index parts of plant analyses for diagnostic purposes.
Effect of intercropping white cabbage with French Marigold (Tagetes patula nana L.) and Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) on the colonization of plants by pest insects
Authors: Jankowska Beata , Poniedziałek Małgorzata , Jędrszczyk Elżbieta
Published: August 2013

In 2003 - 2005 the impact of intercropping white cabbage ‘Bently F1’ with French Marigold (Tagetes patula nana ‘Kolombina’) and Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis ‘Promyk’) on the occurrence of pest insects was estimated. On plots where cabbage was intercropped the number of cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae L. and flea beetles Phyllotreta was significantly lower when compared with control variant (homogenous crop). Intercropping had an effect on the butterfly oviposition too. The lower number of eggs of the small white butterfly Pieris rapae L., large white butterfly P. brassicae L., cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae L. and larvae and pupae of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella L. were observed on plots with Calendula and Tagetes. Intercropping with Pot Marigold was the most effective pest control on cabbage.
Weather conditions during the blossoming period and their effect on the yield of three cultivars of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.)
Authors: Grabowski Jan , Kawecki Zdzisław , Bieniek Anna , Tomaszewska Zofia
Published: August 2013

This study presents the influence of major weather factors during the blackcurrant blossoming period on the yields of the ‘Ojebyn’, ‘Titania’ and ‘Roodknop’ cultivars, cultivated in Warmia (Olsztyn). The study was conducted for five years (2003-2007). Among the factors analysed were the currant yield, the duration of the blossoming period, average daily air temperature, the number of days with frost at the height of 2 m and at the ground level, total rainfall during the blossoming period and the number of days with rainfall during the blossoming period.

The statistical analysis of particular weather factors has shown that the number of days with frost contributed significantly to the yield of the fruit. A linear correlation analysis has shown that the yield of the three examined cultivars of blackcurrant depended on variable weather conditions during the blossoming period. The yield of the ‘Ojebyn’ cultivar was significantly correlated with the duration of the blossoming period, the number of days with frost and the number of days with rainfall. A significant correlation in the ‘Titania’ cultivar was found with the number of days with frost and with the total amount of rainfall during the blossoming period. The fruit yield from the ‘Roodknop’ cultivar in the five-year period under study depended only on one variable: the duration of the blossoming period. The highest yield was obtained from the ‘Titania’ cultivar.
Effect of organic fertilization on growth and yield of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Berova Małgorzata , Karanatsidis Georgios , Sapundzhieva Krasimira , Nikolova Veselina
Published: August 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of organic fertilization on growth, several physiological parameters and yield of pepper plants (‛Buketen 50’). The field experiment was carried out at the experimental field of the Agroecological Centre of the Agricultural University of Plovdiv (Bulgaria), which is certified as an ecological farm. For the purpose of the research, the bio-fertilizer Lumbrical, produced by the Californian earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus), was used. Just before planting, two levels of the bio-fertilizer were applied 50 and 100 ml per plant. Thirty days after planting, a part of the plants were additionally fed with a solution of Lumbrical (200 ml per plant). During plant vegetation some biometrical indices characterizing plant growth were measured. The content of the plastid pigments and the leaf gas exchange were taken into account. The fertility of the pollen of the flowers was determined. The total amount of pigments in the dried and ground red pepper was analyzed.
The effect of cultivar type, time of cultivation, and biostimulant treatment on the yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)
Authors: Kunicki Edward , Grabowska Aneta , Sękara Agnieszka , Wojciechowska Renata
Published: August 2013

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of spraying with Aminoplant on the yield of two spinach cultivars in the spring and autumn cultivations. The experiment was carried out in 2008 and 2009 in the experimental station of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland. Three factors were taken into consideration: (1) cultivar: ‘Rembrandt F1’ and ‘Spiros F1’; (2) time of cultivation: spring and autumn; (3) dose of Aminoplant: control (without Aminoplant), 1.5 dm3 ha-1 and 3.0 dm3 ha-1. The spinach yield was dependent on the time of production and cultivar type, and ranged between 18.6-44.8 t ha-1. Both cultivars yielded better in autumn cultivation. Spraying with Aminoplant had no effect on spinach yield. Dry matter content in spinach leaves was between 6.3-11.2 g 100 g-1. Spinach grown in the autumn had a greater content of dry matter in comparison to the spring cultivation. In 2009, ‘Rembrant F1’ was characterized by greater dry matter content than ‘Spiros F1’. Aminoplant in a dose of 3.0 dm3 ha-1 lowered dry matter content in spinach leaves as compared to the control. The nitrate content in spinach was differentiated (558-3506 mg NO3 kg-1 f.m.) and depended on the time of cultivation, the cultivar, and the Aminoplant dose.
Occurrence and detection of lesser known viruses and phytoplasmas in stone fruit orchards in Poland
Authors: Cieślińska Mirosława , Morgaś Halina
Published: August 2013

A survey was carried out on 38 commercial and experimental stone fruit orchards located in major growing areas of stone fruit trees in Poland to determine the incidence of lesser known viruses and phytoplasmas. Leaf samples from 145 sweet cherry and 102 sour cherry trees were tested for Little cherry virus 1 (LChV-1), Little cherry virus 2 (LChV-2), Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV), Cherry mottle leaf virus (CMLV), and Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) using RT-PCR. Sixty samples collected from peach and 20 apricot trees were also tested for CGRMV. Eleven out of 145 sweet cherry and three out of 102 sour cherry trees were infected by LChV-1. CGRMV was detected in 10 sweet cherry, four sour cherry, 14 peach and two apricot trees. No LChV-2, CMLV and CNRMV were detected in any of the tested trees. Phloem tissue from samples of shoots collected from 145 sweet cherry, 102 sour cherry, 128 peach, 37 apricot, five nectarine and 20 European as well as Japanese plum trees were tested for phytoplasmas. The nested PCR of the extracted DNA with universal and specific primer pairs showed the presence of phytoplasmas in six sweet cherry, three sour cherry, nine peach, four apricot, one nectarine and three Japanese plum trees. The RFLP patterns of 16S rDNA fragments after digestion with RsaI, MseI, AluI, and SspI endonucleases indicated that selected stone fruit trees were infected by two distinct phytoplasmas belonging to the apple proliferation group. The stone fruit trees infected by LChV-1, CGRMV and phytoplasmas were grown in orchards localised in all seven regions
Naturalistic gardens as a recommended solution for the conservation of local biodiversity in degraded areas
Authors: Hanus-Fajerska Ewa , Karczewska Iga , Ciarkowska Krystyna
Published: August 2013

The development of the art of garden design has brought about the emergence of naturalistic or ecological gardens. This paper presents a brief historical overview of this period in gardening, and provides examples of contemporary applications. Plants can function as absorbents of metals and therefore there is also the possibility of their practical application in techniques for purifying the environment from metallic contamination. An urgent need to create collections of this unique wild plant material has been stressed. Naturalistic gardens designed in appropriate areas have been proposed as an adequate form of setting up in vivo collections composed of numerous native taxa.
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY DATABASE ANALYSIS: A RESTRICTED DIALYSIS COHORT /
Authors: Bellini Martina , Paparella Paolo
Published: August 2013

Background: A retrospective study was undertaken to inves- tigate the biochemistry data of a restricted cohort of dialysis- related arthropathy patients. The aim of our study was to characterize this specific cohort of dialysis patients using a clinical chemistry database analysis.

Methods: An elaboration of more than 160,000 items of biochemical data, collected from 2001 to 20|11, was made of 50 patients, 25 with dialysis-related arthropathy and 25 patients asymptomatic for arthropathy. A Student's t-test was applied, considering a P-value less than 0.05 as statistically significant.

Results: Significant and relevant unexpected biochemical dif- ferences were found between the two groups of patients. The serum level of p2-microglobulin was similar, while fer- ritin values were significantly higher in symptomatic patients. We excluded the possibility that the ferritin difference between the two groups was due to different iron storage and to an inflammatory profile.

Conclusions: The correct use of a biochemical database could permit to identify significant values which must be cor- related with clinical data, but which could be the first step to a wider research.
Edible flowers — antioxidant activity and impact on cell viability
Authors: Kucekova Zdenka , Mlcek Jiri , Humpolicek Petr , Rop Otakar
Published: August 2013

The phenolic compound composition, antioxidant activity and impact on cell viability of edible flower extracts of Allium schoenoprasum; Bellis perennis; Cichorium intybus; Rumex acetosa; Salvia pratensis; Sambucus nigra; Taraxacum officinale; Tragopogon pratensis; Trifolium repens and Viola arvensis was examined for the first time. Total phenolic content of the flowers of these plants fell between 11.72 and 42.74 mg of tannin equivalents/kg of dry matter. Antioxidant activity ranged from 35.56 to 71.62 g of ascorbic acid equivalents/kg of dry matter. Using the Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma cell-line (HepG2) and the Human Immortalized Non-tumorigenic Keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT), we assessed cell viability following a 3 day incubation period in media containing 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/ml of total phenolic compounds using a colorimetric MTT assay. These three properties could make the herbs useful in treatment of various diseases like cancer. The tested extracts had significant effects on cell viability, but the effects were dependent not only on the phenolic compound concentration and the edible flowers species, but also on the phenolic compound and antioxidant profiles. In addition, responses differed between cell lines.
Hairy roots of Hypericum perforatum L.: a promising system for xanthone production
Authors: Tusevski Oliver , Stanoeva Jasmina , Stefova Marina , Kungulovski Dzoko , Pancevska Natalija , Sekulovski Nikola , Panov Saso , Simic Sonja
Published: August 2013

Hypericum perforatum L. is a common perennial plant with a reputed medicinal value. Investigations have been made to develop an efficient protocol for the identification and quantification of secondary metabolites in hairy roots (HR) of Hypericum perforatum L. HR were induced from root segments of in vitro grown seedlings from H. perforatum, after co-cultivation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4. Transgenic status of HR was confirmed by PCR analysis using rolB specific primers. HR had an altered phenolic profile with respect to phenolic acids, flavonol glycosides, flavan-3-ols, flavonoid aglycones and xanthones comparing to control roots. Phenolics in control and HR cultures were observed to be qualitatively and quantitatively distinct. Quinic acid was the only detectable phenolic acid in HR. Transgenic roots are capable of producing flavonol glycosides such as quercetin 6-C-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin) and isorhamnetin O-hexoside. The HPLC analysis of flavonoid aglycones in HR resulted in the identification of kaempferol. Transformed roots yielded higher levels of catechin and epicatechin than untransformed roots. Among the twenty-eight detected xanthones, four of them were identified as 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone, 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone, γ-mangostin and garcinone C were de novo synthesized in HR. Altogether, these results indicated that H. perforatum HR represent a promising experimental system for enhanced production of xanthones.
Phoresy of Trichouropoda shcherbakae Hirschmann, 1972 (Acari: Mesostigmata) on beetles of the genus Tetropium Kirby, 1837 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Białowieża Forest, Poland
Authors: Błoszyk Jerzy , Gutowski Jerzy , Gwiazdowicz Dariusz , Mądra Anna
Published: August 2013

The aim of this study was to assess the phoretic relationship between two beetle species of the genus Tetropium and mites from order Mesostigmata. The study was conducted in the Białowieża Forest, which is recognized as one of Europe’s last natural forest areas. Insects were caught over a period of 8 weeks in 72 attractant traps (type Intercept IPM). In total 1250 specimens of genus Tetropium were collected. We analyzed 524 beetles, including 295 specimens of T. castaneum and 229 specimens of T. fuscum. On 49 beetles (9.4%) there were 785 individuals of Trichouropoda shcherbakae (Trematuridae). Mites were more common on T. fuscum, which carried 82% of all collected deutonymphs. Most of the mites found on beetles were attached to their legs. This study reports on changes in the intensity of phoresy in time and location of mite deutonymphs on their host species.