bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Megaship Economies and Transnational Maritime Performance
Authors: GONZÁLEZ ANITA
Published: September 2014

Maritime performance inherently links to economies of commerce. Its history and practices reorient theatre within broad frames of transnationalism. Maritime performances – theatre, music and dance activities on ships, along shipping routes or within port environments – immerse participants in interactive cultural play. This article uses the lens of the cruise industry as a microcosmic study of identity formation through maritime performance praxis. Performances at sea enable roleplaying of passengers and crewmembers, activating all sectors of the ship. Collectively sea acts pass time, provide a forum for recognition of talent, and allow for cultural exchanges across social boundaries. The maritime subject considers the port as a temporary layover point before the next long journey. For maritime performers, notions of voyage and destination invert. Knowledge travels in circles when performers ride ocean currents and old histories resurface within contemporary practices. Megaships support performance economies where the voyage dominates even as economies of power persist.
Vitamin E–drug interactions: molecular basis and clinical relevance
Authors: Podszun Maren , Frank Jan
Published: September 2014

Vitamin E (α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol and -tocotrienol) is an essential factor in the human diet and regularly taken as a dietary supplement by many people, who act under the assumption that it may be good for their health and can do no harm. With the publication of meta-analyses reporting increased mortality in persons taking vitamin E supplements, the safety of the micronutrient was questioned and interactions with prescription drugs were suggested as one potentially underlying mechanism. Here, we review the evidence in the scientific literature for adverse vitamin E–drug interactions and discuss the potential of each of the eight vitamin E congeners to alter the activity of drugs. In summary, there is no evidence from animal models or randomised controlled human trials to suggest that the intake of tocopherols and tocotrienols at nutritionally relevant doses may cause adverse nutrient–drug interactions. Consumption of high-dose vitamin E supplements ( ≥  300 mg/d), however, may lead to interactions with the drugs aspirin, warfarin, tamoxifen and cyclosporine A that may alter their activities. For the majority of drugs, however, interactions with vitamin E, even at high doses, have not been observed and are thus unlikely.
Seed germination and survival of the endangered psammophilousRouya polygama(Apiaceae) in different light, temperature and NaCl conditions
Authors: Santo Andrea , Mattana Efisio , Hugot Laetitia , Spinosi Paula , Bacchetta Gianluigi
Published: September 2014

Rouya polygama(Apiaceae) is an endangered Mediterranean species of great phytogeographical and ecological interest, growing on coastal sandy dunes. Intraspecific variability in the responses to constant temperatures (5–25°C) and an alternating temperature regime (25/10°C), salt stress (0–600 mM NaCl) and recovery of seed germination was evaluated among six populations from Sardinia and Corsica. Seeds were non-dormant and germination percentages ranged from 10 to 83%, depending on temperature and population. Differences in germination percentages were mainly due to different seed mortality among seed lots.R. polygamaseeds germinated in salt concentrations up to 200 mM NaCl, whereas higher salt concentrations totally inhibited germination. Salt affected seed viability, and the recovery response decreased with increasing salinity and temperature. Inter-population variability and different sensitivity to NaCl in seed germination were detected. Our results are consistent with field germination in a period from autumn to spring, when water is available in the soil and temperatures are not prohibitive for seedling establishment, representing an advantageous ecological adaptation for seedling establishment to the unpredictable Mediterranean rainfall pattern. Further studies onR. polygamaare needed to investigate germination requirements at temperatures higher than 25°C and its germination in the field, and to clarify genetic inter-population variability, considering a higher number of populations and possibly extending to North African populations.
A new type of non-deep physiological dormancy: evidence from three annual Asteraceae species in the cold deserts of Central Asia
Authors: Nur Mihray , Baskin Carol C. , Lu Juan J. , Tan Dun Y. , Baskin Jerry M.
Published: September 2014

Although Asteraceae species are important in the cold deserts of Central Asia, little is known about their seed dormancy and germination. We determined dormancy breaking and germination requirements of three annual Asteraceae, Echinops gmelinii, Epilasia acrolasia and Koelpinia linearis. Achenes (seeds) were tested for germination in light and in darkness over a range of alternating temperatures after various periods of burial outdoors and of dry storage. Germination phenology was monitored for seeds sown in irrigated and non-irrigated sand, and temperature requirements for dormancy break were determined under wet and dry conditions. Effects of pericarp and phyllaries on germination of E. acrolasia and E. gmelinii, respectively, were determined. Low percentages of 20-day-old seeds of E. acrolasia and K. linearis were non-dormant and germinated to low percentages over the range of temperatures, whereas all seeds of E. gmelinii were dormant. As seeds of the three species afterripened, they germinated over the range of temperatures. Whether seeds germinated in autumn or spring depended on the amount of sand moisture. Mechanical resistance of the pericarp and phyllaries reduced germination of E. acrolasia and E. gmelinii, respectively. Temperature requirements for germination as seeds come out of dormancy do not correspond to any of the known five types of non-deep physiological dormancy (PD). Thus, a sixth type is recognized in which germination occurs over the same range of temperatures in the early and late stages of dormancy break. Type 6 allows seeds to germinate at high or at low temperatures, whenever sand moisture is non-limiting.
Diffuse Cutaneous Allergic Reaction to Dermabond
Authors: Ricci Joseph A. , Parekh Nirav N. , Desai Naman S.
Published: September 2014

Wound closure with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (Dermabond; Ethicon, Somerville, New Jersey USA) has recently increased in popularity across a wide spectrum of physicians ranging from surgeons to emergency medicine practitioners. Generally, very few complications are associated with Dermabond and are usually related to application techniques. Uncommonly, patients present with allergic reactions to the adhesive compounds; these allergies are often misdiagnosed as cellulitis or another infectious process, and are incorrectly treated. This report describes a rare case of a diffuse cutaneous allergic reaction to Dermabond following its use to close a surgical incision, its prompt identification, and treatment after presentation to an emergency department.

RicciJA, ParekhNN, DesaiNS. Diffuse cutaneous allergic reaction to Dermabond. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(5):1-3.
Common variation near ROBO2 is associated with expressive vocabulary in infancy
Authors: St Pourcain Beate , Cents Rolieke A.M. , Whitehouse Andrew J.O. , Haworth Claire M.A. , Davis Oliver S.P. , O’Reilly Paul F. , Roulstone Susan , Wren Yvonne , Ang Qi W. , Velders Fleur P. , Evans David M. , Kemp John P. , Warrington Nicole M. , Miller Laura , Timpson Nicholas J. , Ring Susan M. , Verhulst Frank C. , Hofman Albert , Rivadeneira Fernando , Meaburn Emma L. , Price Thomas S. , Dale Philip S. , Pillas Demetris , Yliherva Anneli , Rodriguez Alina , Golding Jean , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta , Plomin Robert , Pennell Craig E. , Tiemeier Henning , Davey Smith George
Published: September 2014

Twin studies suggest that expressive vocabulary at ~24 months is modestly heritable. However, the genes influencing this early linguistic phenotype are unknown. Here we conduct a genome-wide screen and follow-up study of expressive vocabulary in toddlers of European descent from up to four studies of the EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology consortium, analysing an early (15–18 months, ‘one-word stage’, NTotal=8,889) and a later (24–30 months, ‘two-word stage’, NTotal=10,819) phase of language acquisition. For the early phase, one single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs7642482) at 3p12.3 near ROBO2, encoding a conserved axon-binding receptor, reaches the genome-wide significance level (P=1.3 × 10−8) in the combined sample. This association links language-related common genetic variation in the general population to a potential autism susceptibility locus and a linkage region for dyslexia, speech-sound disorder and reading. The contribution of common genetic influences is, although modest, supported by genome-wide complex trait analysis (meta-GCTA h215–18-months=0.13, meta-GCTA h224–30-months=0.14) and in concordance with additional twin analysis (5,733 pairs of European descent, h224-months=0.20).
Stem cell senescence. Effects of REAC technology on telomerase-independent and telomerase-dependent pathways
Authors: Rinaldi S. , Maioli M. , Pigliaru G. , Castagna A. , Santaniello S. , Basoli V. , Fontani V. , Ventura C.
Published: September 2014

Decline in the gene expression of senescence repressor Bmi1 and telomerase, together with telomere shortening, underlay senescence of stem cells cultured for multiple passages. Here, we investigated whether the impairment of senescence preventing mechanisms can be efficiently counteracted by exposure of human adipose-derived stem cells to radio electric asymmetrically conveyed fields by an innovative technology, named Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC). Due to REAC exposure, the number of stem cells positively stained for senescence associated β-galactosidase was significantly reduced along multiple culturing passages. After a 90-day culture, REAC-treated cells exhibited significantly higher transcription of Bmi1 and enhanced expression of other stem cell pluripotency genes and related proteins, compared to unexposed cells. Transcription of the catalytic telomerase subunit (TERT) was also increased in REAC-treated cells at all passages. Moreover, while telomere shortening occurred at early passages in both REAC-treated and untreated cells, a significant rescue of telomere length could be observed at late passages only in REAC-exposed cells. Thus, REAC-asymmetrically conveyed radio electric fields acted on a gene and protein expression program of both telomerase-independent and telomerase-dependent patterning to optimize stem cell ability to cope with senescence progression.
Optofluidic lens with tunable focal length and asphericity
Authors: Mishra Kartikeya , Murade Chandrashekhar , Carreel Bruno , Roghair Ivo , Oh Jung Min , Manukyan Gor , van den Ende Dirk , Mugele Frieder
Published: September 2014

Adaptive micro-lenses enable the design of very compact optical systems with tunable imaging properties. Conventional adaptive micro-lenses suffer from substantial spherical aberration that compromises the optical performance of the system. Here, we introduce a novel concept of liquid micro-lenses with superior imaging performance that allows for simultaneous and independent tuning of both focal length and asphericity. This is achieved by varying both hydrostatic pressures and electric fields to control the shape of the refracting interface between an electrically conductive lens fluid and a non-conductive ambient fluid. Continuous variation from spherical interfaces at zero electric field to hyperbolic ones with variable ellipticity for finite fields gives access to lenses with positive, zero and negative spherical aberration (while the focal length can be tuned via the hydrostatic pressure).
Fixation of CO2 in bi-layered coordination networks of zinc tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin with multi-component [Pr2Na3(NO3)(H2O)3] connectors
Authors: Nandi Goutam , Goldberg Israel
Published: September 2014

This report demonstrates for the first time a uniquely elegant application of porphyrin-based MOF materials in fixation of atmospheric CO2 in a multi-component reaction.
Evidence for covalent bonding of aryl groups to MnO2 nanorods from diazonium-based grafting
Authors: Bell K. J. , Brooksby P. A. , Polson M. I. J. , Downard A. J.
Published: September 2014

Reaction of MnO2 nanorods with diazonium salts results in aryl groups covalently bound through surface oxygen atoms.
Organohalide lead perovskite based photodetectors with much enhanced performance
Authors: Xia Hua-Rong , Li Jia , Sun Wen-Tao , Peng Lian-Mao
Published: September 2014

Organohalide lead perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) based photodetectors were fabricated by a facile low-cost process with much enhanced performance.
The effect of grain boundaries on the mechanical properties and failure behavior of hexagonal boron nitride sheets
Authors: Ding Ning , Wu Chi-Man Lawrence , Li Hui
Published: September 2014

Grain boundaries have great effects on the mechanical properties and failure behaviors of h-BN sheets.
Transition metal-doped BiFeO3nanofibers: forecasting the conductivity limit
Authors: Xu Qiang , Sobhan Mushtaq , Anariba Franklin , Ho Jeffrey Weng Chye , Chen Zhong , Wu Ping
Published: September 2014

We investigate the limiting electrical conductivity of BiFeO3(BFO) nanofibersviafirst-principles modelling and experiments.
Interactions between halide anions and interfacial water molecules in relation to the Jones–Ray effect
Authors: Nguyen Khoi Tan , Nguyen Anh V. , Evans Geoffrey M.
Published: September 2014

The Jones–Ray effect is not caused by enhanced salt adsorption, but by the weakened average dipole moment of interfacial water molecules interacting with halide anions.
Non-noble bimetallic CuCo nanoparticles encapsulated in the pores of metal–organic frameworks: synergetic catalysis in the hydrolysis of ammonia borane for hydrogen generation
Authors: Li Jun , Zhu Qi-Long , Xu Qiang
Published: September 2014

Non-noble bimetallic CuCo alloy nanoparticles were successfully encapsulated in the pores of MIL-101 without aggregation on the external surfaces of the host framework, which exhibit excellent catalytic activity for hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane.
2-(1-Aryliminoethyl)-9-arylimino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrocycloheptapyridyl iron(ii) dichloride: synthesis, characterization, and the highly active and tunable active species in ethylene polymerization
Authors: Huang Fang , Xing Qifeng , Liang Tongling , Flisak Zygmunt , Ye Bin , Hu Xinquan , Yang Wenhong , Sun Wen-Hua
Published: September 2014

The title complexes showed high activities towards ethylene polymerization, producing linear polyethylenes.
Silver tungstate: a single-component bifunctional catalyst for carboxylation of terminal alkynes with CO2 in ambient conditions
Authors: Guo Chun-Xiang , Yu Bing , Xie Jia-Ning , He Liang-Nian
Published: September 2014

The ligand-free carboxylation of various terminal alkynes promoted by Ag2WO4 was conducted at room temperature and verified with 13CO2.
Connecting gene expression data from connectivity map and in silico target predictions for small molecule mechanism-of-action analysis
Authors: Ravindranath Aakash Chavan , Perualila-Tan Nolen , Kasim Adetayo , Drakakis Georgios , Liggi Sonia , Brewerton Suzanne C. , Mason Daniel , Bodkin Michael J. , Evans David A. , Bhagwat Aditya , Talloen Willem , Göhlmann Hinrich W. H. , QSTAR Consortium QSTAR Consortium , Shkedy Ziv , Bender Andreas
Published: September 2014

Integrating gene expression profiles with certain proteins can improve our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms in protein–ligand binding.
Spruce branched α-Fe2O3 nanostructures as potential scaffolds for a highly sensitive and selective glucose biosensor
Authors: Umar Ahmad , Ahmad Rafiq , Al-Hajry Ali , Kim Sang Hoon , Abaker Mohamed Eisa , Hahn Yoon-Bong
Published: September 2014

A highly sensitive and selective amperometric glucose biosensor based on spruce branched α-Fe2O3 nanostructures exhibited high sensitivity over a wide linear range.
Xanthone dimers: a compound family which is both common and privileged
Authors: Wezeman Tim , Bräse Stefan , Masters Kye-Simeon
Published: September 2014

This Review seeks to systematically describe, for the first time, the widely-occurring and highly biologically-active family of dimeric xanthones from nature, encompassing several aspects of their biosynthesis, occurrence, contrasting structural features and wide variety of bioactivities.
Freestanding nanocellulose-composite fibre reinforced 3D polypyrrole electrodes for energy storage applications
Authors: Wang Zhaohui , Tammela Petter , Zhang Peng , Huo Jinxing , Ericson Fredric , Strømme Maria , Nyholm Leif
Published: September 2014

Robust and freestanding nanocellulose reinforced 3D PPy can bein situpolymerized and exhibited high charge storage capacity.
Rhodium(ii) catalyzed synthesis of macrocycles incorporating oxindole via O–H/N–H insertion reactions
Authors: Muthusamy Sengodagounder , Karikalan Thangaraju
Published: September 2014

Synthesis of 10- to 29-membered oxaza-macrocyclesviaintramolecular O–H/N–H insertion reactions catalyzed by a rhodium(ii) acetate dimer is demonstrated. Synthesis of symmetric macrocyclesviahead to tail dimerization reactions is also delineated.
A theoretical study of ternary indole–cation–anion complexes
Authors: Carrazana-García Jorge A. , Cabaleiro-Lago Enrique M. , Campo-Cacharrón Alba , Rodríguez-Otero Jesús
Published: September 2014

The simultaneous interactions of an anion and a cation with a π system were investigated by MP2 and M06-2X theoretical calculations.
Carbon-coated Ni3Sn2 nanoparticles embedded in porous carbon nanosheets as a lithium ion battery anode with outstanding cycling stability
Authors: Qin Jian , Zhang Xiang , Zhao Naiqin , Shi Chunsheng , Liu Enzuo , Li Jiajun , He Chunnian
Published: September 2014

Carbon-coated Ni3Sn2 nanoparticles uniformly embedded in two-dimensional porous carbon nanosheets (2D Ni3Sn2@C@PGC) as superior lithium ion battery anode material were fabricated by a facile and scalable method, which involves in situ synthesis of 2D Ni@C@PGC and chemical vapor transformation processes from 2D Ni@C@PGC to Ni3Sn2@C@PGC.
Preparation of polypyrrole/graphene nanosheets composites with enhanced thermoelectric properties
Authors: Wang Lingyu , Liu Fangzhuan , Jin Cheng , Zhang Taoran , Yin Qinjian
Published: September 2014

The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of the PPy/GNs composites have been greatly enhanced as the GNs content increases, while the thermal conductivity still keeps a relatively low value.
Long-lived charge carrier generation in ordered films of a covalent perylenediimide–diketopyrrolopyrrole–perylenediimide molecule
Authors: Hartnett Patrick E. , Dyar Scott M. , Margulies Eric A. , Shoer Leah E. , Cook Andrew W. , Eaton Samuel W. , Marks Tobin J. , Wasielewski Michael R.
Published: September 2014

Self-ordering of covalent electron donor–acceptor building blocks in thin films upon solvent vapor annealing results in a 104 increase in photo-generated charge carrier lifetime.
Controlling self-assembly of microtubule spools via kinesin motor density
Authors: Lam A. T. , Curschellas C. , Krovvidi D. , Hess H.
Published: September 2014

We show that the kinesin motor surface density affects the size distribution and density of self-assembled microtubule spools, indicating that spools are the result of forces which motors impart on gliding microtubules.
Multiporous nanofibers of SnO2by electrospinning for high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Wali Qamar , Fakharuddin Azhar , Ahmed Irfan , Ab Rahim Mohd Hasbi , Ismail Jamil , Jose Rajan
Published: September 2014

Tin oxide nanofibers developed by electrospinning by controlling the precursor concentration gave the highest photoconversion efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Coacervate-directed synthesis of CaCO3 microcarriers for pH-responsive delivery of biomolecules
Authors: Lauth V. , Maas M. , Rezwan K.
Published: September 2014

pH-responsive, protein loaded calcium carbonate microcarriers are synthesized by the combination of complex coacervation and mineralization for drug delivery applications.
Diabatization based on the dipole and quadrupole: The DQ method
Authors: Hoyer Chad E. , Xu Xuefei , Ma Dongxia , Gagliardi Laura , Truhlar Donald G.
Published: September 2014

In this work, we present a method, called the DQ scheme (where D and Q stand for dipole and quadrupole, respectively), for transforming a set of adiabatic electronic states to diabatic states by using the dipole and quadrupole moments to determine the transformation coefficients. It is more broadly applicable than methods based only on the dipole moment; for example, it is not restricted to electron transfer reactions, and it works with any electronic structure method and for molecules with and without symmetry, and it is convenient in not requiring orbital transformations. We illustrate this method by prototype applications to two cases, LiH and phenol, for which we compare the results to those obtained by the fourfold-way diabatization scheme.
Modeling of stagnation-line nonequilibrium flows by means of quantum based collisional models
Authors: Munafò A. , Magin T. E.
Published: September 2014

The stagnation-line flow over re-entry bodies is analyzed by means of a quantum based collisional model which accounts for dissociation and energy transfer in N2-N interactions. The physical model is based on a kinetic database developed at NASA Ames Research Center. The reduction of the kinetic mechanism is achieved by lumping the rovibrational energy levels of the N2 molecule in energy bins. The energy bins are treated as separate species, thus allowing for non-Boltzmann distributions of their populations. The governing equations are discretized in space by means of the Finite Volume method. A fully implicit time-integration is used to obtain steady-state solutions. The results show that the population of the energy bins strongly deviate from a Boltzmann distribution close to the shock wave and across the boundary layer. The sensitivity analysis to the number of energy bins reveals that accurate estimation of flow quantities (such as chemical composition and wall heat flux) can be obtained by using only 10 energy bins. A comparison with the predictions obtained by means of conventional multi-temperature models indicates that the former can lead to an overestimation of the wall heat flux, due to an inaccurate modeling of recombination in the boundary layer.
Rovibrational spectroscopy using a kinetic energy operator in Eckart frame and the multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) approach
Authors: Sadri Keyvan , Lauvergnat David , Gatti Fabien , Meyer Hans-Dieter
Published: September 2014

For computational rovibrational spectroscopy the choice of the frame is critical for an approximate separation of overall rotation from internal motions. To minimize the coupling between internal coordinates and rotation, Eckart proposed a condition [“Some studies concerning rotating axes and polyatomic molecules,” Phys. Rev. 47, 552–558 (1935)] and a frame that fulfills this condition is hence called an Eckart frame. A method is developed to introduce in a systematic way the Eckart frame for the expression of the kinetic energy operator (KEO) in the polyspherical approach. The computed energy levels of a water molecule are compared with those obtained using a KEO in the standard definition of the Body-fixed frame of the polyspherical approach. The KEO in the Eckart frame leads to a faster convergence especially for large J states and vibrationally excited states. To provide an example with more degrees of freedom, rotational states of the vibrational ground state of the trans nitrous acid (HONO) are also investigated.
Cyclododecane as support material for clean and facile transfer of large-area few-layer graphene
Authors: Capasso A. , De Francesco M. , Leoni E. , Dikonimos T. , Buonocore F. , Lancellotti L. , Bobeico E. , Sarto M. S. , Tamburrano A. , De Bellis G. , Lisi N.
Published: September 2014

The transfer of chemical vapor deposited graphene is a crucial process, which can affect the quality of the transferred films and compromise their application in devices. Finding a robust and intrinsically clean material capable of easing the transfer of graphene without interfering with its properties remains a challenge. We here propose the use of an organic compound, cyclododecane, as a transfer material. This material can be easily spin coated on graphene and assist the transfer, leaving no residues and requiring no further removal processes. The effectiveness of this transfer method for few-layer graphene on a large area was evaluated and confirmed by microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and four-point probe measurements. Schottky-barrier solar cells with few-layer graphene were fabricated on silicon wafers by using the cyclododecane transfer method and outperformed reference cells made by standard methods.
Smart antennas based on graphene
Authors: Aldrigo Martino , Dragoman Mircea , Dragoman Daniela
Published: September 2014

We report two configurations of smart graphene antennas, in which either the radiation pattern of the antenna or the backscattering of the periodic metallic arrays is controlled by DC biases that induce metal-insulator reversible transitions of graphene monolayers. Such a transition from a high surface resistance (no bias) to a low surface resistance state (finite bias voltage) causes the radiation pattern of metallic antennas backed with graphene to change dramatically, from omnidirectional to broadside. Moreover, reflectarrays enhance the backscattered field due to the same metal-dielectric transition.
Schottky barrier heights for Au and Pd contacts to MoS2
Authors: Kaushik Naveen , Nipane Ankur , Basheer Firdous , Dubey Sudipta , Grover Sameer , Deshmukh Mandar M. , Lodha Saurabh
Published: September 2014

The search of a p-type metal contact on MoS2 has remained inconclusive, with high work function metals such as Au, Ni, and Pt showing n-type behavior and mixed reports of n as well as p-type behavior for Pd. In this work, we report quantitative Schottky barrier heights for Au and Pd contacts to MoS2 obtained by analysing low temperature transistor characteristics and contact resistance data obtained using the transfer length method. Both Au and Pd exhibit n-type behavior on multilayer as well as monolayer MoS2 transistors with Schottky barrier heights of 0.126 eV and 0.4 eV, and contact resistances of 42 Ω.mm and 18 × 104 Ω.mm respectively. Scanning photocurrent spectroscopy data is in agreement with the resulting energy band alignment in Au-MoS2-Pd devices further reinforcing the observation that the Fermi-level is pinned in the upper half of MoS2 bandgap.
Traveling wave solution of fractional KdV-Burger-Kuramoto equation describing nonlinear physical phenomena
Authors: Gupta A. K. , Ray S. Saha
Published: September 2014

In this paper, KdV-Burger-Kuramoto equation involving instability, dissipation, and dispersion parameters is solved numerically. The numerical solution for the fractional order KdV-Burger-Kuramoto (KBK) equation has been presented using two-dimensional Legendre wavelet method. The approximate solutions of nonlinear fractional KBK equation thus obtained by Legendre wavelet method are compared with the exact solutions. The present scheme is very simple, effective and convenient for obtaining numerical solution of the KBK equation.
Importance of natural cloud regimes to ecophysiology in the alpine species, Caltha leptosepala and Arnica parryi, Snowy Range Mountains, southeast Wyoming, USA
Authors: Sanchez Adriana , Hughes Nicole M. , Smith William K.
Published: September 2014

The south-central Rocky Mountains, USA, are characterised by a dry, continental mesoclimate with typical convective cloud formation during the afternoon. Little is known about the specific influence of such predictable cloud patterns on the microclimate and ecophysiology of associated species. During the summer of 2012, days with afternoon clouds were most common (50% of all days) compared with completely clear (24%) or cloudy days (6.5%). In two representative alpine species, Caltha leptosepala DC. and Arnica parryi A. Gray, fully overcast days reduced mean daily photosynthesis (A) by nearly 50% relative to fully clear days. Mean afternoon A was significantly lower on fully cloudy days relative to days with afternoon clouds only or no clouds in both species. Notably, A did not differ during afternoon cloud days relative to clear afternoons. Afternoon clouds significantly reduced transpiration (E) in C. leptosepala relative to clear days, and both species showed mean reductions in plant water stress (i.e. higher Ψ), though this difference was not significant. Water use efficiency (WUE) (A/E) decreased from morning to afternoon, especially on cloudy days, and the presence of clouds had a positive effect on the light reactions of photosynthesis based on fluorescence measurements (Fv′/Fm′), in both species. Cloudy days were characterised by higher Fv/Fm than afternoon clouds and clear days during both the morning and the afternoon (especially for A. parryi) and recovery to near pre-dawn values for cloudy and afternoon cloud day types, but not clear days. Overall, similar ecophysiological advantages of this typical afternoon cloud pattern was apparent in both species, although their spatial microsite differences related to winter snow accumulation may also play an important role.
Loss of BMAL1 in ovarian steroidogenic cells results in implantation failure in female mice
Authors: Liu Yan , Johnson Brian P. , Shen Anna L. , Wallisser Jacqueline A. , Krentz Kathy J. , Moran Susan M. , Sullivan Ruth , Glover Edward , Parlow Albert F. , Drinkwater Norman R. , Schuler Linda A. , Bradfield Christopher A.
Published: September 2014

Significance

This work demonstrates that specific peripheral clocks play unique and discrete roles in specific aspects of reproductive biology. Our use of a cell-specific conditional knockout model, in coordination with ovary transplant technology, permits examination of a peripheral clock without the impacts of off-target deletions that might indirectly impact reproductive function. In this case, we show that the molecular circadian clock, found in ovarian steroidogenic cells, is crucial for normal female reproduction, specifically embryonic implantation. The observation that implantation can be rescued by a single ovary with normal molecular clock machinery [i.e., brain muscle arnt-like 1 (BMAL1)] may provide direction for clinical intervention strategies when aberrant circadian oscillations are influencing fertility.
Relationships between phyllosphere bacterial communities and plant functional traits in a neotropical forest
Authors: Kembel Steven W. , O’Connor Timothy K. , Arnold Holly K. , Hubbell Stephen P. , Wright S. Joseph , Green Jessica L.
Published: September 2014

Significance

In this study we sequenced bacterial communities present on tree leaves in a neotropical forest in Panama, to quantify the poorly understood relationships between bacterial biodiversity on leaves (the phyllosphere) vs. host tree attributes. Bacterial community structure on leaves was highly correlated with host evolutionary relatedness and suites of plant functional traits related to host ecological strategies for resource uptake and growth/mortality tradeoffs. The abundance of several bacterial taxa was correlated with host growth, mortality, and function. Our study quantifies the drivers of variation in plant-associated microbial biodiversity; our results suggest that incorporating information on plant-associated microbes will improve our understanding of the functional biogeography of plants and plant–microbe interactions.
Functional biogeography of oceanic islands and the scaling of functional diversity in the Azores
Authors: Whittaker Robert J. , Rigal François , Borges Paulo A.V. , Cardoso Pedro , Terzopoulou Sofia , Casanoves Fernando , Pla Laura , Guilhaumon François , Ladle Richard J. , Triantis Kostas A.
Published: September 2014

Significance

Biogeographic theory builds upon a long history of analyzing species-diversity patterns of remote islands, but no previous studies have attempted to investigate corresponding patterns in functional traits on islands. Our analyses of functional diversity (FD) for spiders and beetles in the Azorean archipelago reveal that FD increases with species richness, which, in turn scales with island area regardless of the taxa and distributional group considered (endemics, natives, and exotics). Our results also support the hypothesis that each group contributes to FD in proportion to their species richness and that, being dominant, exotic species have significantly extended the realized trait space of the Azorean islands. Further analyses in other archipelagos are needed to establish whether our findings are representative of oceanic islands.
Predicting species’ range limits from functional traits for the tree flora of North America
Authors: Stahl Ulrike , Reu Björn , Wirth Christian
Published: September 2014

Significance

A species’ climate niche summarizes the observed climatic conditions at its range limits. This information can be used to predict range shifts of species under climate change, but it does not explain why they occur under a given climate or are absent from another. Functional traits associated with the climate niche, however, allow for such an explanation. We show that key plant functional traits predict the climate ranges of North American trees and discuss the underlying filter mechanisms that define “no-go areas” for specific trait expressions. This approach replaces species idiosyncrasy by the generality of traits, puts biogeography on more functional grounds, and yields products that will serve the improvement of next generation global vegetation models.
Communicating scientific uncertainty
Authors: Fischhoff Baruch , Davis Alex L.
Published: September 2014

All science has uncertainty. Unless that uncertainty is communicated effectively, decision makers may put too much or too little faith in it. The information that needs to be communicated depends on the decisions that people face. Are they (i) looking for a signal (e.g., whether to evacuate before a hurricane), (ii) choosing among fixed options (e.g., which medical treatment is best), or (iii) learning to create options (e.g., how to regulate nanotechnology)? We examine these three classes of decisions in terms of how to characterize, assess, and convey the uncertainties relevant to each. We then offer a protocol for summarizing the many possible sources of uncertainty in standard terms, designed to impose a minimal burden on scientists, while gradually educating those whose decisions depend on their work. Its goals are better decisions, better science, and better support for science.
Science communication as political communication
Authors: Scheufele Dietram A.
Published: September 2014

Scientific debates in modern societies often blur the lines between the science that is being debated and the political, moral, and legal implications that come with its societal applications. This manuscript traces the origins of this phenomenon to professional norms within the scientific discipline and to the nature and complexities of modern science and offers an expanded model of science communication that takes into account the political contexts in which science communication takes place. In a second step, it explores what we know from empirical work in political communication, public opinion research, and communication research about the dynamics that determine how issues are debated and attitudes are formed in political environments. Finally, it discusses how and why it will be increasingly important for science communicators to draw from these different literatures to ensure that the voice of the scientific community is heard in the broader societal debates surrounding science.
Integrating social networks and human social motives to achieve social influence at scale
Authors: Contractor Noshir S. , DeChurch Leslie A.
Published: September 2014

The innovations of science often point to ideas and behaviors that must spread and take root in communities to have impact. Ideas, practices, and behaviors need to go from accepted truths on the part of a few scientists to commonplace beliefs and norms in the minds of the many. Moving from scientific discoveries to public good requires social influence. We introduce a structured influence process (SIP) framework to explain how social networks (i.e., the structure of social influence) and human social motives (i.e., the process of social influence wherein one person’s attitudes and behaviors affect another’s) are used collectively to enact social influence within a community. The SIP framework advances the science of scientific communication by positing social influence events that consider both the “who” and the “how” of social influence. This framework synthesizes core ideas from two bodies of research on social influence. The first is network research on social influence structures, which identifies who are the opinion leaders and who among their network of peers shapes their attitudes and behaviors. The second is research on social influence processes in psychology, which explores how human social motives such as the need for accuracy or the need for affiliation stimulate behavior change. We illustrate the practical implications of the SIP framework by applying it to the case of reducing neonatal mortality in India.
Role of forkhead box protein A3 in age-associated metabolic decline
Authors: Ma Xinran , Xu Lingyan , Gavrilova Oksana , Mueller Elisabetta
Published: September 2014

Significance

This paper reports that the transcription factor forkhead box protein A3 (Foxa3) is directly involved in the development of age-associated obesity and insulin resistance. Mice that lack the Foxa3 gene remodel their fat tissues, store less fat, and burn more energy as they age. These mice also live significantly longer. We show that Foxa3 suppresses a key metabolic cofactor, PGC1α, which is involved in the gene programs that turn on energy expenditure in adipose tissues. Overall, these findings suggest that Foxa3 contributes to the increased adiposity observed during aging, and that it can be a possible target for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
Lag in maturation of the brain’s intrinsic functional architecture in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Sripada Chandra S. , Kessler Daniel , Angstadt Mike
Published: September 2014

Significance

It was proposed that individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit delays in brain maturation. In the last decade, resting state functional imaging has enabled detailed investigation of neural connectivity patterns and has revealed that the human brain is functionally organized into large-scale connectivity networks. In this study, we demonstrate that the developing relationships between default mode network (DMN) and task positive networks (TPNs) exhibit significant and specific maturational lag in ADHD. Previous research has found that individuals with ADHD exhibit abnormalities in DMN–TPN relationships. Our results provide strong initial evidence that these alterations arise from delays in typical maturational patterns. Our results invite further investigation into the neurobiological mechanisms in ADHD that produce delays in development of large-scale networks.
LsrF, a coenzyme A-dependent thiolase, catalyzes the terminal step in processing the quorum sensing signal autoinducer-2
Authors: Marques João C. , Oh Il Kyu , Ly Daniel C. , Lamosa Pedro , Ventura M. Rita , Miller Stephen T. , Xavier Karina B.
Published: September 2014

Significance

Bacteria coordinate behavior through production, release, and detection of chemical signals called autoinducers. While most are species-specific, autoinducer-2 is used by many species and facilitates interspecies communication. Because many important behaviors, including virulence and biofilm formation, are thus regulated, methods for interfering with this communication are regarded as promising alternatives to antibiotics. Some bacteria can manipulate levels of autoinducer-2 in the environment, interfering with the communication of other species. Here we characterize the terminal step in the pathway that
Escherichia coli
uses to destroy this signal via a novel catalytic mechanism, and identify products that link quorum sensing and primary cell metabolism.
Bioreplicated visual features of nanofabricated buprestid beetle decoys evoke stereotypical male mating flights
Authors: Domingue Michael J. , Lakhtakia Akhlesh , Pulsifer Drew P. , Hall Loyal P. , Badding John V. , Bischof Jesse L. , Martín-Palma Raúl J. , Imrei Zoltán , Janik Gergely , Mastro Victor C. , Hazen Missy , Baker Thomas C.
Published: September 2014

Significance

Advances in material processes for bioreplication have led to the use of bioinspired designs in a wide variety of practical applications, often at a scale involving nanofabrication. Such techniques also provide the opportunity to examine the functional significance of nanostructured organismal properties within biological systems. This paper describes the replication of fine-scale elements of the exoskeleton of buprestid beetles that produce a visually interpreted mating signal. A nanofabricated replica of the beetle was exploited to cause wild male beetles to land on synthetic decoy beetles. The development of such bioreplicated decoys opens new avenues for the study of the nature of insect visual responses, as well as applications for detection technologies that target pest organisms.
Humanized Foxp2 accelerates learning by enhancing transitions from declarative to procedural performance
Authors: Schreiweis Christiane , Bornschein Ulrich , Burguière Eric , Kerimoglu Cemil , Schreiter Sven , Dannemann Michael , Goyal Shubhi , Rea Ellis , French Catherine A. , Puliyadi Rathi , Groszer Matthias , Fisher Simon E. , Mundry Roger , Winter Christine , Hevers Wulf , Pääbo Svante , Enard Wolfgang , Graybiel Ann M.
Published: September 2014

Significance

The human form of forkhead box P2 (
FOXP2
) is the leading genetic candidate for human speech and language proficiency. We demonstrate that the introduction of the amino acid changes that occurred during human evolution into murine
Foxp2
(
Foxp2

hum

) profoundly affects learning and striatal neuroplasticity.
Foxp2

hum/hum

mice learn stimulus–response associations more rapidly than WT mice when declarative (i.e., place-based) and procedural (i.e., response-based) forms of learning could interfere with one another. Dopamine levels, gene expression patterns, and synaptic physiology are oppositely affected in the striatal districts underpinning these learning forms, paralleling the behavioral change. We hypothesize that the human FOXP2 evolution led to differential tuning of corticostriatal systems involved in declarative and procedural learning and thus contributed to adapting the human brain for speech and language acquisition.
JIP60-mediated, jasmonate- and senescence-induced molecular switch in translation toward stress and defense protein synthesis
Authors: Rustgi Sachin , Pollmann Stephan , Buhr Frank , Springer Armin , Reinbothe Christiane , von Wettstein Diter , Reinbothe Steffen
Published: September 2014

Significance

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) are major targets for plant breeders. Despite intensive efforts undertaken over the last decades, still little is known how QTLs affect plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and what exact molecular markers (genes) are involved. Here we identified a gene in barley that maps to previously identified QTLs for boron sensitivity, plant height, lodging, stem breaking, days to heading, yield, seed weight, days to maturity, as well as powdery mildew and spot blotch resistance. This gene is identical to a previously described jasmonate-induced protein designated JIP60 that by virtue of its unique structure and processing is capable of reprogramming protein translation for increased stress tolerance and controlled senescence.
‘The Coloniser who Refuses’: Co-Resistance and the Paradoxical Reality of Israeli Solidarity Activists
Authors: Gale Leanne
Published: September 2014

In the period following the Second Intifada, many Israeli and Palestinian peace activists began to despair of traditional coexistence efforts, turning instead to joint nonviolent political activism against Israeli policies. This mode of joint work came to be known as ‘co-resistance’. It would be fair to wonder if such activism might foster joint Israeli–Palestinian efforts towards a shared society, possibly a one-state solution. However, somewhat counter-intuitively, solidarity can sometimes reinforce separation between the two parties in question. This article uses the Solidarity Movement as case study to explore the political role of Israeli co-resistance activists. Using ethnographic methods and drawing upon Albert Memmi's theory of the ‘coloniser who refuses’, this article illustrates how co-resistance can serve to reinforce and advance separation between Israelis and Palestinians into two distinct national communities.
Biology comes of age
Authors: Falk Raphael
Published: September 2014

Life sciences became Biology, like Physics and Chemistry, only in the 19th century, when researchers turned to reductive, determinist experimental methodologies. Whereas theories like that of the cell and that of Faktoren-of-inheritance provided the elementary units of life, Darwinism provided the framework for the diversity of life and its evolution. Only towards the second half of the 20th century did biologists realize that once living systems were constructed, it was systems analysis that became the focus of understanding living structures and functions.
Squad management, injury and match performance in a professional soccer team over a championship‐winning season
Authors: Carling Christopher , Le Gall Franck , McCall Alan , Nédélec Mathieu , Dupont Gregory
Published: September 2014

Squad management, injury and physical, tactical and technical match performance were investigated in a professional soccer team across five consecutive league seasons (2008–2013, 190 league games) with specific focus on a championship‐winning season (2010/11). For each player, match participation and time‐loss injuries were recorded, the latter prospectively diagnosed by the team's physician. Defending and attacking tactical and technical performance indicators investigated included ball possession and possession in opponents' half, passes, forward passes, completed passes and forward passes, crosses and completed crosses, goal attempts and goal attempts on target, successful final third entries, free‐kicks and 50/50 duels won/lost. Physical performance measures included total distance and distance covered at high‐speeds (≥19.1 km/h). Results showed that during the 2010/11 season, squad utilisation was lowest potentially owing to the observed lower match injury occurrence and working days lost to injury thereby increasing player availability. In 2010/11, the team won both its highest number of points and conceded its lowest number of goals especially over the second half of this season. The team also won its highest number of games directly via a goal from a substitute and scored and conceded a goal first on the highest and lowest number of occasions, respectively. While multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) detected a significant difference in some attacking and defensive performance indicators across the five seasons, these were generally not distinguishing factors in 2010/11. Similarly, univariate ANOVAs showed a significant difference in running distances covered across seasons, but the trend was for less activity in 2010/11.