bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inconsistencia espacio-temporal: financiarización y democracia
Authors: AYALA Iván H. , MENDIOROZ PEÑA Andrés
Published: December 2023

El presente artículo pretende analizar desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar (economía y política) las consecuencias del proceso de financiarización, que definimos como un proceso de acumulación donde los beneficios se producen a través de los canales financieros. Nuestra hipótesis principal es que este patrón no solo ha modificado la naturaleza de la propiedad privada sino que ha distorsionado el capitalismo “clásico” basado en la producción y la concepción clásica del estado nación como detentador del poder soberano. Ambos hechos nos permiten afirmar que estamos en una nueva fase del proceso histórico del sistema capitalista donde el papel de los estados soberanos democráticos se ve trascendentalmente modificado. La complejidad del concepto de financiarización internacional y la gran cantidad de “train of thoughts” que se derivan nos han obligado a  plantear nuestra argumentación en dos bloques: uno económico y otro político. En el primero situamos el proceso de financiarización dentro de la teoría económica y repasamos brevemente la transformación de la actividad financiera para entrar en detalle en el rol de uno de los principales actores dentro del proceso de financiarización: los bancos. Nuestro segundo bloque entra en la parte política del proceso de financiarización y argumentamos primero que ha erosionado determinados atributos de la soberanía del estado y que se ha producido una desviación de poder dentro del sistema internacional desde los estados y la sociedad hacia el sistema financiero. Segundo, deducimos que esta desviación de poder, acompañada y reforzada por la creación de un Shadow Banking System, ha dado lugar a un sistema político en la sombra que es capaz de degradar a escala nacional las variables básicas de un sistema político democrático, lo que supone un tipo de injerencia distinto dentro del sistema internacional.
La Guerra Global contra el Terror y el universalismo liberal: reflexiones mediante Carl Schmitt
Authors: CUADRO Mariela
Published: December 2023

Basándose fundamentalmente en El Nomos de la tierra en el derecho de gentes del ‘ius publicum Europaeum’ de Carl Schmitt, el artículo busca reflexionar sobre la espacialidad de la Guerra Global contra el Terror  y el discurso universalista que la acompañó. A partir de su lectura, autores contemporáneos han afirmado que la Guerra Global contra el Terror es la guerra liberal por excelencia. El discurso liberal que se impuso a nivel mundial a partir del fin de la Guerra Fría se caracterizó por ser portador de un universalismo que borró la posibilidad de las guerras con objetivos políticos y las transformó en acciones policiales que se llevan a cabo en nombre de la humanidad. Este universalismo moral y abstracto supuso, en el caso de la Guerra Global contra el Terror, también un universalismo espacial, derribando las fronteras existentes y poniendo el espacio global a disposición de las intervenciones preventivas estadounidenses. De esta manera, quedó en evidencia un orden sostenido sobre la vocación de homogeneización global bajo la instauración de un único modelo socio-político particular (la democracia liberal) que no reconoce su carácter político y se escuda tras abstracciones normativas ambiguas y, por tanto, instrumentalizables.
Una visión de América Latina, desde la perspectiva de la agenda de la Seguridad Internacional contemporánea
Authors: BARTOLOMÉ Mariano César
Published: December 2023

En las Relaciones Internacionales contemporáneas las cuestiones de seguridad se posicionan entre los lugares más importantes de la disciplina, como resultado de un proceso de más de cuatro décadas de duración, en cuyo transcurso se amplió y tornó más compleja su agenda, producto de la interacción de diferentes factores. En primer lugar, el presente trabajo describe y explica los límites y contenidos esenciales de la agenda de la seguridad internacional contemporánea, enfatizando en la coexistencia de dos visiones antagónicas, una ortodoxa y refractaria a cualquier modificación, y otra dinámica y heterogénea. En segundo término, de acuerdo a esas dos visiones, se analiza la situación que en esta materia exhibe América Latina, prestando especial atención a las amenazas convencionales y no convencionales que se detectan en ese ámbito geográfico; las arquitecturas de seguridad vigentes; y las diferencias normativas y doctrinarias que se observan entre las fuerzas armadas regionales.
Victor Schoelcher y la abolición de la esclavitud
Authors: CÉSAIRE Aimé
Published: December 2023

En este fragmento Aimé Césaire reflexiona sobre la abolición de la esclavitud y hace un recorrido histórico de las diferentes etapas y discursos presentes en los años antes de la abolición. El fragmento está especialmente centrado en el papel de Victor Schœlcher, político francés que, a través de la aprobación del Decreto de abolición de la esclavitud de 1848, consiguió la abolición de la esclavitud en Francia y en sus colonias. A través de estas descripciones, Césaire denuncia las condiciones y el trato recibido por los negros durante el periodo de la esclavitud y de los problemas que surgieron de la abolición de esta, como, por ejemplo, el de la ciudadania.
Mujeres Saharauis, Colonialidad del Género y Nacionalismos: un acercamiento a partir de los feminismos decoloniales
Authors: MEDINA MARTÍN Rocío
Published: December 2023

El presente texto indaga en las experiencias de las mujeres saharauis durante el periodo revolucionario, a mediados de los años 70, en el marco de los feminismos descoloniales. Para ello, parte de nociones como la colonialidad de género y de reflexiones sobre nacionalismos y género realizadas por los feminismos indígenas. En concreto, reparamos en primer lugar en el papel de la Sección Femenina de Falange como principal institución encargada de la colonialidad de género; en segundo lugar, en las claves de género de los discursos nacionalistas de la época y, tercero, en la masiva participación de las mujeres en el Movimiento de Liberación. Todo ello con el objetivo de ahondar en la posible historia feminista decolonial de las mujeres saharauis.
Searching for transitional justice through peacekeeping. A gendered analysis
Authors: BOER CUEVA Alba Rosa
Published: December 2023

Throughout history societies have attempted to achieve peace in one of two ways, through militaristic strength and repression, or through the process of mediation and negotiation. Increasingly, the focus has been on mediation and negotiation, and as a result also the transition process away from conflict. Until recently, the focus was on the public aspects of systematic violence and suffering, but what this approach was lacking was a gendered perspective. This article evaluates the historic development of women’s roles within the UN peacekeeping framework to achieve transitional justice, from the International Women’s Year in 1975 to the introduction of gender mainstreaming as a policy objective in 2000. It demonstrates that despite best efforts, the fixation of achieving gender justice by concentrating on male perpetrators and female victims fails to take into account the gendered impact of their proposed processes and mechanisms and the limiting conditions it itself imposes for women’s participation. Ultimately this paper is a reminder that upon the approach of the 40-year anniversary since 1975, we reflect upon that which has been achieved but also the ways in which women’s quest for justice and empowerment can still be improved.
De obstáculo a recurso: La alteridad en los procesos de consolidación de la paz
Authors: BARGUÉS-PEDRENY Pol
Published: December 2023

Este artículo quiere entender la evolución de los procesos de consolidación de la paz en los últimos años, a través del análisis de cómo la conceptualización de la alteridad por parte de los organismos internacionales está cambiando. El argumento es que en las intervenciones posbélicas de la década de los noventa y de los primeros años del siglo XXI, los procesos intersubjetivos de las sociedades que salían del conflicto se consideraban un problema a corregir con la creación de instituciones eficientes supervisadas por expertos internacionales.  Sin embargo, con la pérdida de confianza en la posibilidad de promover la democracia internacionalmente y con la voluntad de solventar los errores de unas intervenciones excesivamente intrusivas, la alteridad es cada vez más un recurso que puede utilizarse para desarrollar una paz respetuosa con el contexto de cada sociedad. Para analizar cómo la alteridad se ha entendido más positivamente en los últimos años, algo transcendental para explicar cómo organizaciones internacionales entienden la paz actualmente, el artículo se centra en los conceptos de “apropiación local” y “resiliencia”. La conclusión es que este cambio positivo para respetar otras culturas también esconde dos potenciales problemas. El primero es que estamos perdiendo la capacidad para teorizar sobre la paz y el segundo es que la autonomía o soberanía nacional de las sociedades posbélicas continua en el limbo.
Las mujeres originarias oaxaqueñas en el poder de la resistencia: Un giro en el reconocimiento social y reconocimiento legal de las “otras inapropiables”
Authors: HERNANDEZ Roque URBIETA
Published: December 2023

El presente artículo es una aproximación histórica y cultural en torno a las aportaciones de las mujeres originarias en la lucha por el reconocimiento social y reconocimiento legal en Oaxaca. En paralelo a la herencia literaria de las mujeres chicanas, afroamericanas y amerindias del libro Otras inapropiables. Feminismos desde la frontera, incluyo las voces de mujeres y no mujeres indígenas de Oaxaca en el proceso de transgresión de las normas morales y culturales en los múltiples espacios de poder. Las mujeres entrevistadas responden: cómo se vive, se siente y se reflexiona, el sexismo, el clasismo, la discriminación, el racismo en el proceso sociohistórico de las últimas cuatro décadas. Ellas apelan a la recreación de las ciudadanías múltiples como poder de resistencia en el actual contexto de la economía global. Finamente, intentaré responder cuáles son los efectos políticos de la reconfiguración del Estado multicultural neoliberal oaxaqueño y la violencia que  supone para la lucha de los pueblos indígenas.
Desde occidente con amor: terrorismo internacional y construcción de identidades securitarias regionales
Authors: MARTÍNEZ CANO Andrés Eduardo , CUESTAS ZAMORA Edgard Junior
Published: December 2023

El 9/11 y la consecuente guerra contra el terrorismo liderada por Estados Unidos movilizaron a la comunidad internacional con el fin de legitimar intervenciones militares y cambios de regímenes políticos. Sin embargo, los procedimientos del sistema internacional permitieron una adaptación de las organizaciones terroristas, siendo el caso del levantamiento del Estado Islámico de Irak y Siria a partir de la debilidad institucional iraquí —ocasionada por la intervención norteamericana de 2003— y la guerra civil siria. Lo anterior exige una revaluación de los métodos políticos y militares de la lucha contra el terrorismo. Este fenómeno ha activado credos compartidos por diferentes sociedades que exigen disponer recursos de los estados buscando garantizar la seguridad, dando paso a una colectividad social internacional. A continuación se estudiará al terrorismo como catalizador de la administración del miedo, la identificación de amenazas, la búsqueda de la seguridad y su consecución a través de recursos políticos y jurídicos internacionales que cobran legitimidad frente a una opinión pública mundial. De este modo, el terrorismo determina la existencia y orienta el comportamiento de una colectividad social internacional que sobrepasa incontestablemente al estado moderno. Se apelará a un diálogo entre el Derecho Internacional y el constructivismo en los estudios internacionales.
Identidad y Terrorismo en EE.UU.: Un recorrido sobre la interrelación entre las representaciones religiosas subyacentes a la identidad norteamericana y la conceptualización de terrorismo
Authors: ZAPATA Micaela
Published: December 2023

Este estudio pretende realizar un recorrido histórico para profundizar en el análisis de la interrelación entre el sustrato religioso de la identidad norteamericana y el concepto de terrorismo que emerge como construcción de tal contexto identitario. Para cumplir con su objetivo, el análisis se divide en cuatro secciones. La primera de estas se ocupa de presentar los lineamientos generales para el abordaje del vínculo entre identidad y terrorismo. La siguiente sección se dedica a presentar el período en que el terrorismo comienza a adquirir una entidad propia en Estados Unidos como manifestación de violencia política a principios del siglo XX. El tercer título se ocupa del escenario enmarcado entre mediados y fines de Guerra Fría, cuando el fenómeno del terrorismo atraviesa un nuevo proceso de significación. Por último y, de forma complementaria al anterior apartado, la cuarta sección retoma la cuestión de la renovada entidad que se le atribuirá al terrorismo a partir de los setenta, pero se amplía el análisis hacia la revisión del escenario doméstico presente en EEUU.
BIOCATALYTIC CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE PROMOTED BY CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Authors:   Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Zolotareva O. K.
Published: December 2023

The rapid and steady increase in the concentration of CO2, the most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, leads to extreme weather and climate events. Due to the burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal and natural gas), the concentration of CO2 in the air has been increasing in recent decades by more than 2 ppm per year, and in the last year alone - by 3.29 ppm. To prevent the "worst" scenarios of climate change, immediate and significant reductions in CO2 emissions through carbon management are needed. Aim. Analysis of the current state of research and prospects for the use of carbonic anhydrase in environmental decarbonization programs. Results. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme that accelerates the exchange of CO2 and HCO3 in solution by a factor of 104 to 106. To date, 7 types of CAs have been identified in different organisms. CA is required to provide a rapid supply of CO2 and HCO3 for various metabolic pathways in the body, explaining its multiple independent origins during evolution. Enzymes isolated from bacteria and mammalian tissues have been tested in CO2 sequestration projects using carbonic anhydrase (CA). The most studied is one of the isoforms of human KAz - hCAII - the most active natural enzyme. Its drawbacks have been instability over time, high sensitivity to temperature, low tolerance to contaminants such as sulphur compounds and the impossibility of reuse. Molecular modelling and enzyme immobilisation methods were used to overcome these limitations. Immobilisation was shown to provide greater thermal and storage stability and increased reusability. Conclusions. Capturing carbon dioxide using carbonic anhydrase (CA) is one of the most cost-effective methods to mitigate global warming, the development of which requires significant efforts to improve the stability and thermal stability of CAs.
APROBATION OF PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR FROM ECHIS MULTISQUAMATIS SNAKE VENOM IN VITRO, IN VIVO AND EX VIVO
Authors:   Palladin Institute of biochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Zhelavskyi M.A ,   ZL “Success Academy”, Kyiv region, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

Snake venom-derived platelet aggregation inhibitors can be promising antiplatelet medications that can allow to avoid the risk of bleeding and treatment resistance, particularly in aspirin-resistant patients. Our study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a platelet aggregation inhibitor derived from Echis multisquamatis snake venom in various settings, including in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. Methods. We examined a polypeptide from Echis multisquamatis venom, purified using a recently developed chromatography protocol, across multiple models. This polypeptide was introduced into platelet-rich blood plasma and administered intravenously to rats. The effects on platelet aggregation were assessed using aggregometry, focusing on ADP-induced aggregation. Results & Discussion. Our findings revealed that a concentration of 0.040 mg/ml significantly reduced platelet aggregation in vitro. Remarkably, this dosage also proved effective when administered intravenously in laboratory animals, reaffirming its potential as a robust antiplatelet agent. In the final phase of our study, the polypeptide demonstrated its ability to inhibit platelet aggregation in blood plasma of pregnant woman with aspirin resistance, presenting a promising avenue for innovative treatment approaches in such cases. Conclusion. This study underscores the potential of the Echis multisquamatis venom-derived polypeptide as a promising antiplatelet agent, effective in diverse scenarios, including aspirin resistance. Further research and clinical trials are imperative to fully harness its therapeutic potential.
Women winning: Claudia Goldin awarded by sveriges riksbank prize in economic sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel 2023
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Lopukh Ksenia
Published: December 2023

The article highlights the main autobiographical events and scientific contribution of the American economic historian, Harvard University professor Claudia Goldin. This year, she was awarded the Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for significant scientific achievements in explaining essential causes of gender differences in the labor market. For the first time, the laureate has provided comprehensive evidence of changes in women’s wages and their participation in the US labor market over two centuries, which had previously been largely unknown. Using historical and economic analysis, C. Goldin showed that despite technological development, economic growth and an increase in the share of employed women in the 20th century, the income gap between women and men almost did not disappear over a long period. However, women’s educational attainment has steadily increased, and in most high-income countries, it is now significantly higher compared with men. In her research, she demonstrated that, in addition to education, women’s access to contraceptives played a crucial role in accelerating revolutionary changes that provided new opportunities for career, marriage, and family planning. C. Goldin explained that most of the gender gap in income before the 1980s was caused by differences in education and career choices between women and men. Exceptionally, the situation changed when women got married and did not return to the labor market. Therefore, in her research on gender pay inequality, C. Goldin focused on analyzing the behavior of married women and changes in their incomes during marriage. Thus, the researcher proved that income inequality in married couples (woman and man) still exists, even if they both have high-paying jobs or are engaged in the same profession. This difference in income occurs mainly with the birth of the first child.
Market investment mechanisms in the formation of the economic system of Ukraine (second half of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century)
Authors:   State Institution “Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine”, Korniyaka Oleksandr
Published: December 2023

The study of economic heritage and the historical trajectory of the formation of the economic system of Ukraine is an important scientific task. The relevance of the problem of the formation of effective capital formation and investment mechanisms is increasing in the conditions of macroeconomic destabilization and the destruction of economic potential caused by the military attack of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the publication is to present the results of a comprehensive study of the main factors, prerequisites and trends in the formation and development of institutions and mechanisms of the functioning of the stock market in Ukraine during the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Special attention is paid to the study of the components of the institutional structure of this market, which stimulate its formation and development in Ukraine. The peculiarities of the functioning of the Ukrainian segment of the stock market of the Russian Empire are determined. The process of circulation of securities on the Odesa, Kyiv, and Kharkiv stock exchanges was characterized by a lower level of state regulation compared to other stock exchanges. This contributed to the activation of investment processes and the acceleration of the development of stock market institutions and mechanisms. The contribution of Ukrainian scientists-economists of the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries is revealed. In the development of scientific analysis of the stock market and practical approaches to the formation of market institutions and mechanisms. A historical regularity in the formation of the stock market under the influence of state regulation of the circulation of securities has been revealed. This practice was a driver of the development of the stock market in the short term, but became an institutional barrier to the implementation of long-term investment strategies. The banking structures' monopolization of the over-the-counter circulation of securities and the establishment of control over transactions on the stock exchange led to the destruction of the mechanism of market pricing in the stock market and the increase in the cost of investment resources. The conclusion is argued that the first wave of market transformations of the Ukrainian economy (the second half of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century) ensured the formation of institutions and mechanisms of financial support for economic development with significant features and limitations.
Про екологічні наслідки руйнування греблі Каховської ГЕС
Authors: Афанасьєв Сергій Олександрович
Published: December 2023

У доповіді наведено результати проведеного в Інституті гідробіології НАН України комплексу досліджень з якісного та кількісного оцінювання екосистемних трансформацій, спричинених руйнацією греблі Каховської гідроелектростанції, а також аналіз подальшого перебігу процесів, зумовлених цією катастрофою, та можливих негативних наслідків для навколишнього середовища. Підготовлено пропозиції до органів виконавчої влади щодо вжиття необхідних заходів.
Relación entre la edad, la memoria de trabajo y la capacidad de reserva cognitiva en adultos mayores de 40 años
Authors: Martín Valle Belén , Marquez Terraza Ana Victoria
Published: December 2023

Objetivo. En este trabajo, se pretende conocer la relación entre la edad, la memoria de trabajo verbal y visoespacial, y la reserva cognitiva en adultos mayores de 40 años. Método. Se trabajó con una muestra conformada por 50 personas de 40 años en adelante, de ambos sexos y sin patologías asociadas. Para la recolección de datos, se administraron las subpruebas de INECO frontal screening, que corresponden al índice de memoria de trabajo (IMT), y el Cuestionario de Reserva Cognitiva (CRC). Resultados. En esta muestra, se pudo determinar que, mientras mayor capacidad de reserva cognitiva posea una persona, mayor será su capacidad de memoria de trabajo, en especial, de tipo visoespacial.
The nexus of employee motivation and leadership: A study of the government employees in Georgia
Authors: Kharadze Natalia , Katsitadze Nana , Giorgobiani Maia , Dzebisauri Lia , Pirtskhalaishvili Dea
Published: December 2023

This research explores the interplay between employee motivation and leadership qualities within the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development and the Ministry of Finance of Georgia. A survey involving 821 government employees was conducted to identify the factors influencing employee motivation and the potential barriers associated with dissatisfaction with supervisors. The study uses statistical methods to identify critical factors shaping motivation, including principal component analysis and Spearman correlation coefficients. Key determinants include satisfaction with supervisors, external motivators, and performance evaluations. Employee engagement emerges as a significant driver, particularly for men and younger employees. The study also reveals variations in motivation related to gender and age, with women and senior employees displaying higher motivation levels. Furthermore, the research identifies dominant leadership qualities that impact employees' desire for managerial change, a primary motivational barrier. This study offers practical insights for enhancing employee motivation and optimizing leadership strategies, particularly within the Georgian Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development and the Ministry of Finance.
Distortions in time perception related to videogames, pornography, and TV series exposure: An experimental study in three independent samples
Authors: Cervigón-Carrasco Verónica , Ballester-Arnal Rafael , Billieux Joël , Gil-Juliá Beatriz , Giménez-García Cristina , Castro-Calvo Jesús
Published: December 2023

Background and aims

Time perception is a cognitive process involving both the ability to estimate the duration of an event (time estimation, TE) and the subjective perception of its passage (time passage, TP). Studies show that alteration in TE/TP is associated with substance use disorders. However, little is known about the impact of these alterations in potentially problematic online behaviors. We explore TE and TP while participants were exposed to cues related to videogames, pornography, and TV series, and the relationship of TE and TP with scores from instruments that measure problematic gaming (PG), problematic pornography use (PPU), and problematic binge-watching (BW).

Methods

Participants from three independent samples (40 men from Luxembourg; 99 Spanish men, 111 Spanish women) completed an experimental task designed to assess TE and TP while they were exposed to short clips related to videogames, pornography, TV series, and documentaries (control condition). Participants also completed different self-reports.

Results

Whereas men underestimated the time that they were exposed to pornography and TV series, women overestimated it. For videogames, we showed a consistent pattern of overestimation of time duration. Time was systematically perceived as passing faster while participants were presented with TV series and pornography. Regarding the association between time perception and PG, PPU, and BW, TE did not correlate with any of the indicators of problematic engagement assessed; but TP correlated with several of these indicators.

Discussion and conclusions

The present preliminary results showed mixed evidence regarding the involvement of time perception in gaming, pornography use, and binge-watching.
Exploring (non-)ritual patterns of phatic interaction (small talks) at different phases of social encounters in Persian linguaculture
Authors: Eslami Zohreh R. , Mirzaei Azizullah , Farnia Maryam
Published: December 2023

The current interpretive study aimed to characterize the (non-)ritual, phatic clusters of speech acts that conventionally recur around the opening/closing phases of Persian speaking students' social encounters or occur during the core (or ‘business’) phase of natural interactions as small talk in Persian. The study was conducted in Iran's Persian linguaculture where considerable social-cultural-economic changes have taken place over the last decade or so impacting the form and content of phatic interaction in all sectors of the society. The participants of the study were 97 Persian-speaking university students attending a state-run university located in the southwest of Iran. The students were asked to audio-record their natural interactions in four different social encounters varied based on the standard sociolinguistic parameters of Social Distance and Power (+/−SD, +/−P). We adopted House & Kádár's (2022) pragmalinguistic and speech act-anchored model of phatic interaction to code the (non-)ritual realization patterns of small talks around the opening, closing, and core phases of interaction. The results indicate that small talks which are co-constructed by the Persian interactants at the opening and closing phases of their social encounters are highly ritualized in terms of the speech act types and pragmalinguistic structures employed. Further, interpersonal interchanges which involve differential sociolinguistic P and SD values require more tactfulness and care in adhering to the greeting and parting conventions as more face-threat is potentially implicated. In terms of the medial phase, except for a small number of ostensible realizations of different speech acts such as invites, offers, and apologies, core off-topic phaticity was perceived to be non-ritual and discursive in Persian the interpretation of which heavily relies upon shared sociopragmatic knowledge of the linguaculture.
A bölcsességfogak sebészete 2023-ban.
Authors: Bogdán Sándor , Bérczy Kinga , Hardi Eszter , Kaposvári István , Németh Zsolt
Published: December 2023

A dentoalveolaris sebészeti beavatkozások közül az egyik leggyakoribb, legtöbb
nehézséggel és szövődménnyel járó műtétet a bölcsességfogak sebészi eltávolítása
jelenti. A téma mind gyakorisága, mind annak sokszínűsége miatt nagyon aktuális.
Sokszínű azért, mert diagnosztikus értékelése a foggyökér–canalis mandibulae
viszonylatában nagy szakértelmet igényel, sebészi technikája az esetek nagy
részében nem sablonszerű, a sebész sokszor improvizációra kényszerül. A
komplikációk és szövődmények mindennapos feladataink közé tartozó ellátása
relatíve gyakori, s néha komoly intézeti hátteret igényel. A témával foglalkozó
szakirodalom hatalmas, a javasolt útmutatók gyakran évről évre változnak. A
szerzők áttekintik a bölcsességfogak eltávolításának indikációit,
kontraindikációit, diagnosztikáját, sebészi kezelésüket, a bölcsességfogak
műtéti eltávolításával kapcsolatos szövődményeket, azok ellátását. Kitekintést
adnak az egyes nemzetközi iskolák protokolljaira, és megfogalmazzák a hazai
általános orvosok, fogorvosok, dentoalveolaris sebészek számára aktuális
ajánlásokat. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(48): 1887–1894.
Orvostanhallgatók sztereotípiái különböző társadalmi csoportokkal kapcsolatban
Authors: Jáki Tamás , Pejin Lea , Erdős Csaba , Paulik Edit , Molnár Regina
Published: December 2023

Bevezetés: Az orvostanhallgatók marginalizált csoportokkal
kapcsolatos ismeretei, előítéletei befolyásolhatják a betegekkel való
kapcsolatukat. Célkitűzés: Az orvostanhallgatók véleményének
vizsgálata abból a szempontból, hogy mely társadalmi csoportokat fogadnának el
betegként kevésbé. Módszer: A Szegedi Tudományegyetem
orvostanhallgatói önkéntes, anonim kérdőívet töltöttek ki 2021-ben (n = 410),
mely több kérdéscsoportot tartalmazott (szociodemográfiai jellemzők, családi
háttér, pályaválasztási motivációk, orvosi identitás alakulása, jövőbeli szakmai
tervek, egyetem alatti munkavégzés, 19 társadalmi csoportra vonatkozóan
kedvesség és kompetencia, társadalmi távolság mérése, saját tapasztalatok).
Eredmények: A hallgatók a legkevésbé a bántalmazókkal, az
oltásellenesekkel és a fogvatartottakkal szeretnének munkájuk során találkozni.
Az orvostanhallgató-nők nagyobb arányban utasították el a bántalmazókat, míg
férfi társaik inkább a hajléktalanokat, az alkoholistákat, az AIDS-betegeket,
illetve a pszichiátriai betegségben szenvedőket, a felsőbb évesek pedig az
oltásellenes és az AIDS-betegeket. A hallgatóknak a különböző társadalmi
csoportokkal kapcsolatos tapasztalatai is nagyon eltérőek voltak. Személyesen a
legtöbben romát, drogfogyasztót, pszichiátriai beteget, alkoholistát ismertek. A
klinikai gyakorlatokon a leginkább romákkal, alkoholistákkal és pszichiátriai
betegekkel találkoztak. Az oktatás során oltásellenesekről, alkoholistákról,
romákról, hajléktalanokról, AIDS-betegekről hallottak a leggyakrabban.
Megbeszélés: A hallgatók a különböző társadalmi csoportokba
tartozó betegekkel kapcsolatban elfogadók voltak. Az előítéleteik mögött álló
személyes, illetve az oktatás során szerzett tapasztalataik azonban nagyon
szerteágazóak. Következtetés: Törekedni kell arra, hogy a
hallgatók magatartás-tudományi, népegészségtani tanulmányaik alatt és klinikai
munkájuk során is találkozzanak a különböző társadalmi csoportokkal,
megismerhessék őket, így megtanulhassák a velük való megfelelő kommunikációt.
Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(48): 1912–1919.
Study on the velocity of droplet at steady state in contraction microchannels by numerical simulation
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Tung , Hoang Van Thanh , Luu Duc Binh , Tran Ngoc Hai , Tran Minh Sang , Do Le Hung Toan
Published: December 2023

The droplet-based microfluidic system is increasingly advancing and widely applied in various fields of analytical techniques and experiments. To optimize and advance this system, droplet dynamics is of utmost concern. The velocity of droplets is highly significant as it aids in precise droplet control and manipulation, ultimately leading to the optimization of device design and performance. This paper utilizes numerical simulations to explore the influence of flow characteristics, fluid properties, and geometric parameters of the contraction microchannel on the velocity of droplets while they are in a stable state. The findings indicate that the droplet velocity is influenced by factors such as viscosity ratio (λ), capillary number (Ca), and contraction ratio (C).
Nonlinear Evolution of Fast Collective Neutrino Oscillations in Core-collapse Supernovae
Authors: Azari Milad Delfan , Sasaki Hirokazu , Takiwaki Tomoya , Okawa Hirotada
Published: December 2023

According to one of the most promising supernova theories, the neutrino-heating mechanism, neutrinos are responsible for transferring the energy released during the gravitational collapse of massive stars to their surroundings. If neutrino flavors are converted fast in the cores, the efficiency of neutrino heating is enhanced and can change the dynamics of the shock wave in supernovae. In this article, we investigate the dynamics of fast neutrino flavor conversions with collisions under energy-dependent treatment in detail. For the first time, we use a realistic initial condition, which is taken from the results of the self-consistent, realistic Boltzmann simulations in two spatial dimensions under axisymmetry. We report that the neutrino flavor conversion will be significantly enhanced if the energy-dependent collision term is considered in the neutrino transport equation which has been ignored in previous studies. We present the preliminary results of our investigation here, which are consistent with other studies which were conducted under simple treatments. It is believed that such findings may have an impact on the explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae, \mbox{nucleosynthesis and neutrino astronomy.
Double electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level lambda atomic system with doppler broadening
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thu Hien , Nguyen Huy Bang , Le Van Doai , Hoang Minh Dong
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we study the formation of two electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows in a four-level lambda atomic system with Doppler broadening. The depth and the width of the EIT windows are easily changed by adjusting the intensity of the controlling laser fields. Meanwhile, the position of the EIT windows is also easily shifted by changing the frequency of the laser fields. In particular, by turning on or off one of the two coupling laser fields, the probe field response can be switched between one or two EIT window regimes, i.e., it is possible to switch between absorption and transparency regimes, and vice versa. In addition, our analytical model also allows one to investigate the influence of temperature (or Doppler width) on EIT windows, which is necessary for experimental observations as well as related applications at room temperature.
Incidence and risk factors of pressure injuries in critically ill patients with COVID-19
Authors: Ramalho Aline de Oliveira , Fonseca Rodrigo Augusto Gonçalves , Mazócoli Eliane , Marin Alessandra , Nogueira Paula Cristina
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze pressure injury (PI) incidence and risk factors in patients with COVID-19 admitted to an Intensive Care Unit and characterize the identified PIs. Method: a retrospective cohort study, consisting of 668 patients, carried out between March 2020 and February 2021. Clinical/demographic and PI variables were collected from medical records and electronic database. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Logistic regression was performed to analyze risk factors for PI. Results: PI incidence was 30.2% (n=202), with the majority located in the sacral region (52.9%) and in stage 1 (39%). Risk factors were age (p<0.001), Diabetes Mellitus (p=0.005), length of stay (p<0.001), immunosuppression (p=0.034), nutritional risk (p=0.015) and mechanical ventilation (p<0.001). Conclusion: PI incidence in critically ill patients with COVID-19 was high.
Quality of care in peripheral venous catheterization: A scoping review
Authors: Costa Saulo Pereira da , Silveira Rodrigo Euripedes da , Monteiro Damiana Aparecida Trindade , Contim Divanice , Toffano Silmara Elaine Malaguti
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT Objective: To map the current status of parameters and tools to assess quality of care related to peripheral venous catheter use in adults. Methods: Scoping review, conducted in 2022 in the MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL and SCOPUS databases and with a publication time limit from 2013 to 2022. Results: The sample consisted of 15 articles, summarized in the following categories: Indication, documentation and registration, coverage assessment, connection, stabilization and signs and symptoms inherent to the catheter. The use of a complete instrument, with the domains observed in this review, may have a positive impact on a more effective and safe clinical practice. Conclusions: The present review mapped the evidence about the insertion and maintenance of peripheral venous catheters that can be improved with training of good practices and the quality of the team, regarding the use of tools, materials and instruments for the evaluation of care.
Assessment of the components of sarcopenia and quality of life perceived of individuals on hemodialysis
Authors: Celoto Bianca Raquel Bianchi , Marin Flávia Andréia , Spexoto Maria Claudia Bernardes
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in individuals aged 50 years or older on hemodialysis; to verify the association between sarcopenia and sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric factors, components of sarcopenia and quality of life (QoL); and to correlate the components of sarcopenia with QoL. Methods: Participated 83 individuals on hemodialysis. Sarcopenia was established according to the current European consensus. Dynamometry to determine strength, calf circumference (CC) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMMI) to obtain muscle mass and gait speed (GS) for physical performance. For QoL used the WHOQOL-bref. Results: the prevalence of sarcopenia was 32.6% (CC) and 18.1% (ASMMI). There was no association between sarcopenia and QoL. Both handgrip strength (r=0.25) and GS (r=0.36) showed a correlation with physical domain. Conclusions: sarcopenia was expressive, and the aspects of functionality determine the physical impairment in this population.
Condições de trabalho em enfermagem no enfrentamento da Covid-19 sob o prisma da precarização
Authors: Magalhães Ana Paula Nogueira de , Souza Diego de Oliveira , Macêdo Fernanda Pereira de , Silva Cruz Sabrina Ângela França da , Pereira-Abagaro Camila , Rosales-Flores Roselia Arminda
Published: December 2023

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar as condições de trabalho em enfermagem no enfrentamento da pandemia de Covid-19, à luz de aspectos da precarização do trabalho. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com 131 trabalhadoras(es) da enfermagem que atuaram contra a Covid-19 em hospitais alagoanos, no Nordeste brasileiro. Os dados foram coletados online, por questionário de avaliação da saúde dos trabalhadores. Utilizaram-se o teste do Qui-Quadrado ou Exato de Fisher e a regressão logística. Resultados: Entre as(os) trabalhadoras(es), 71% tiveram contratos precários, 33,6% referiram ao prolongamento da jornada e 23,7% eram sindicalizadas(os). Na análise multivariável, ter pouca experiência hospitalar foi preditor para o vínculo precário (OR= 2,408; IC95%= 1,051-5,518). As variáveis preditoras para o prolongamento da jornada foram: ser enfermeira(o) (OR= 3,824; IC95%= 1,274-11,483), horas extras (OR= 3,668; IC95%=1,009-13,333) e número inadequado de trabalhadoras(es) (OR= 10,872; IC95%= 3,409-34,675). Ser técnica(o) de enfermagem foi preditor para ser sindicalizada(o) (OR= 8,967; IC95%=2,560-31,410). Conclusões: A pandemia acentuou a precarização das condições de trabalho em enfermagem, principalmente entre as(os) enfermeiras(os).
Burnout, ethical climate and work organization in covid-19 intensive care units: mixed method study
Authors: Dorneles Ademir Jones Antunes , Dalmolin Graziele de Lima , Barlem Edison Luiz Devos , Silveira Rosemary Silva da , Andolhe Rafaela , Camponogara Silviamar , Magnago Tânia Solange Bosi de Souza , Costa Valdecir Zavarese da
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the association between burnout and the perception of the ethical climate in nursing professionals in the covid-19 Intensive Care Unit and the relationship with the organization of work from the perspective of managers of these units. Methods: mixed method study conducted in three university hospitals in southern Brazil from December 2021 to March 2022. A cross-sectional study was developed with 110 nursing professionals, followed by an exploratory-descriptive study through semi-structured interviews with six managers. Descriptive and analytical statistics and discursive textual analysis were used. Results: the prevalence of burnout was 10% and the perception of negative ethical climate was 24.5%. The association between burnout and ethical climate revealed overload and fatigue during working hours, related to tension, fear, and stress that emerged from the consequences of the organization and relations of work in the covid-19 Intensive Care Unit. Conclusions: there was an association between burnout and ethical climate and elements of the work organization.
Leadership Competencies of the Medical-Surgical Nursing Specialist Nurse
Authors: Pires Marina Filipa Silveira , Lopes Romana Silva , Caetano Cláudia Sofia Fernandes , Mota Liliana Andreia Neves da , Ferreira Fernanda Maria Príncipe Bastos
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the leadership competencies of Medical-Surgical Nursing Specialist Nurses. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive study using the Leadership Competencies Questionnaire. 311 Portuguese Medical-Surgical Nursing Specialist Nurses participated. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22.0. Results: Study participants had an above-average self-perception on the scale (mean = 3.5) in all leadership roles, recognizing their leadership competencies. The leadership competencies of Medical-Surgical Nursing Specialist Nurses are balanced across all roles: Mentor (5.80 ± 1.02); Coordinator (5.53 ± 0.86); Facilitator (5.38 ± 1.04); Innovator (5.34 ± 0.88); Director (5.31 ± 1.10); Producer (5.30 ± 0.98); Monitor (5.15 ± 1.00); Corrector (4.79 ± 1.29) Conclusions: Specialized nursing practice enhances nurses’ self-perceived leadership competencies. Nurses see themselves as leaders focused on internal support and facilitation of collective effort and opportunities for skill development.
Competências de Liderança do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica
Authors: Pires Marina Filipa Silveira , Lopes Romana Silva , Caetano Cláudia Sofia Fernandes , Mota Liliana Andreia Neves da , Ferreira Fernanda Maria Príncipe Bastos
Published: December 2023

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as competências de liderança dos Enfermeiros Especialistas em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, utilizando o Questionário de Competências de Liderança. Participaram 311 Enfermeiros Especialistas em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica portugueses. Na análise de dados, recorreu-se à análise estatística descritiva e inferencial através do programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 22.0. Resultados: Os participantes do estudo têm uma autopercepção acima da média da escala (média=3,5) em todos os papéis de liderança, reconhecendo suas competências de liderança. As competências de liderança dos Enfermeiros Especialistas em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica estão equilibradas entre todos os papéis: Mentor (5,80±1,02), Coordenador (5,53±0,86), Facilitador (5,38±1,04), Inovador (5,34±0,88), Diretor (5,31±1,10), Produtor (5,30±0,98), Monitor (5,15±1,00), Corretor (4,79±1,29). Conclusões: A prática de uma enfermagem especializada aumenta a percepção das competências de liderança do enfermeiro sobre si próprio. Os Enfermeiros veem-se assim como líderes voltados para uma orientação interna de apoio do esforço coletivo e facilitador de oportunidades e desenvolvimento de competências.
Ethical dilemmas at the end of life: a reflection from the Philosophical Perspective of Luigina Mortari
Authors: Nogueira Vitória Pessoa , Furtado Marília Alves , Pessoa Vera Lúcia Mendes de Paula , Pereira Viviane Magalhães
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT Objectives: to reflect on the ethical dilemmas involved in the care of patients at the end of their lives. Methods: this is a theoretical-reflective study based on the ethics of care proposed by Luigina Mortari. Results: discussing care involves addressing the ways of being inherent to human existence and understanding the unique characteristics of this condition. Ethical care constitutes an action driven by interest in the other and by the perception of their need. Ethical dilemmas are a part of end-of-life care, making it essential to maintain respectful assistance that considers the patient’s autonomy, using strategies for expressing their wishes, and ensuring continuous clear and empathetic communication among all those involved in providing care. Final Considerations: issues related to being, stemming from one’s reality of dependency and vulnerability, contribute to the emergence of ethical dilemmas present in care actions.
Hospital discharge planning in care transition of patients with chronic noncommunicable diseases
Authors: Barbosa Sara Maria , Zacharias Fabiana Costa Machado , Schönholzer Tatiele Estefâni , Carlos Diene Monique , Pires Maria Estela Lacerda , Valente Silvia Helena , Fabriz Luciana Aparecida , Pinto Ione Carvalho
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze care transition in hospital discharge planning for patients with chronic noncommunicable diseases. Method: a qualitative study, based on the Care Transitions Intervention theoretical model, with four pillars of intervention, to ensure a safe transition. Twelve professionals participated in a public hospital in the countryside of São Paulo. Data were collected through observation, document analysis and semi-structured interviews. Results: there was a commitment of a multidisciplinary team to comprehensive care and involvement of family members in patient care. The documents facilitated communication between professionals and/or levels of care. However, the lack of time to prepare for discharge can lead to fragmented care, impairing communication and jeopardizing a safe transition. Final considerations: they were shown to be important elements in discharge planning composition, aiming to ensure a safe care transition, team participation with nurses as main actors, early discharge planning and family involvement.