bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrocatalytic dehalogenation in the applications of organic synthesis and environmental degradation
Authors: Zhao Zhefei , Yao Xuyao , Zhang Linlin , Yu Ruopeng , Xu Yinghua , Chu Youqun , Mao Xinbiao , Zheng Huajun
Published: February 2024

Electrocatalytic dehalogenation technology is a promising approach for the synthesis of chemicals (such as pesticides and pharmaceutical intermediates) and the disposal of halogenated organic pollutants. Compared with the traditional chemical reduction technology, the electrocatalytic reduction dehalogenation method has the advantages of high efficiency, controllable operation, and reduced secondary pollution. This review systematically consolidates the recent advances in the electrocatalytic dehalogenation in the application of organic synthesis and environmental degradation, focusing on the involved mechanisms, and influences factors (e.g., electrocatalysts, solution environment, and reaction conditions) on the performance of electrocatalytic dehalogenation. Furthermore, the latest characterization and analytical methods and the industrial application of electrocatalytic dehalogenation technology are summarized. Lastly, the existing challenges and perspectives are proposed for efficient electrocatalytic dehalogenation.
The effects of plum products consumption on lipid profile in adults: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis
Authors: Heydarian Azadeh , Tahvilian Negin , Asbaghi Omid , Cheshmeh Sahar , Nadery Maryam , Aryaeian Naheed
Published: February 2024

Consumption of plum does not yet clearly affect the lipid profile. To ascertain the advantages of plum consumption on adult lipid profiles, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis. We used pertinent keywords to search the databases of PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science up to November 10th, 2022, in order to find trials that were eligible. According to the analyses, eating plum significantly lowers LDL levels compared to controls (WMD: −12.50 mg/dL, 95% CI: −22.06, −2.94, p = .010). Although plum consumption did not result in significant changes in TG (WMD: 0.56 mg/dL, 95% CI: −6.02, 7.15, p = .866), TC (WMD: −12.35 mg/dL, 95% CI: −25.05, 0.37, p = .057), and HDL concentrations (WMD: −0.39 mg/dL, 95% CI: −4.69, 3.89, p = .855) compared to the control group. Intake of plums, particularly the intervention type of dried plums, significantly decreased TC levels in unhealthy subjects, according to subgroup analysis. The consumption of plums had a notably statistically significant effect on LDL levels when the intervention type was dried plum and unhealthy subjects were enrolled. Due to the very low to moderate quality of meta‐evidence, to show how eating plum improves lipid profile, further high‐quality research are still essential.
Financial regulatory arbitrage and the financialization of commodities
Authors: Zheng Zunxin , Zhang Gaiyan , Ni Yingzhao
Published: February 2024

We explore the effects of financial regulatory arbitrage on commodity pricing. We examine two types of financial arbitrage: capital‐control arbitrage, in which commodities are imported to circumvent capital controls and profit from disparities in interest rates between domestic and international markets, and dual‐track interest‐rate arbitrage, in which commodities are utilized as collateral to capitalize on domestic dual‐track interest‐rate spreads. Our findings demonstrate that both forms of arbitrage positively affect commodity price returns. However, they affect the inverse relationship between inventory and convenience yield differently. While capital‐control arbitrage can either amplify or weaken this relationship, dual‐track arbitrage makes it less negative.
Postoperative pain management using an intravenous combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen compared with acetaminophen alone after thyroidectomy: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Park Jaesik , Lee Do Kyung , Kim Ji Eun , Bae Ja Seong , Kim Jeong‐Soo , Moon Yung Eun
Published: February 2024

Background

Multiple medications are more effective than single agents for postoperative pain management. We investigated the analgesic effects of an intravenous combination of acetaminophen and ibuprofen immediately after thyroidectomy.

Methods

In this double‐blind clinical trial, 62 patients who underwent thyroidectomies were randomized to either the treatment (1000 mg acetaminophen, 300 mg ibuprofen) or control (1000 mg acetaminophen) group. Postoperative pain intensity was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) 0, 15, and 30 min after recovery room admission. Opioid rescue consumption was also recorded.

Results

The VAS scores were significantly lower in the treatment than in the control group 15 [3 (2–4.3) vs. 5 (3–6); p = 0.015] and 30 [3 (2–4.3) vs. 4 (3–5); p = 0.018] min after recovery room admission, as were the opioid rescue dose requirements (p = 0.033).

Conclusions

Combined intravenous acetaminophen and ibuprofen may be better than acetaminophen alone for immediately acute postoperative pain after thyroidectomy.
Flue gas waste heat affects algal liquid temperature for microalgal production in column photobioreactors
Authors: Hu Zhenyu , Wu Yulun , Wang Xin , Yu Zaiyin , Mao Weiguang , Cheng Cai , Che Guanmou , Zhao Long , Li Tuxin , Yang Weijuan , Cheng Jun
Published: February 2024

To explore the effects of waste heat (50–170°C) from steel plant flue gas on the column photobioreactor algal liquid temperature for microalgal production, a flue gas‐microalgal liquid heat transfer model was developed that simulated the microalgal growth environment for flue‐gas carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation. The simulation results showed that the influence of high‐temperature flue gas weakened with the increasing microalgal liquid temperature due to enhanced evaporation and heat dissipation. Increasing the flue gas temperature and aeration rate resulted in a higher microalgal liquid temperature up to a maximum increase of 4.16°C at an ambient temperature of 25°C, an aeration rate of 2 L/min, and a flue gas temperature of 170°C. In an experiment on the effect of incubation temperature on the growth rate of microalgae, at an optimal temperature of 35°C, the Chlorella sp. PY‐ZU1 growth rate exhibited a remarkable increase of 104.7% compared to that at 42.5°C. Therefore, modulating the flue gas conditions can significantly increase the microalgal growth rate for CO2 fixation, making it a promising approach to increase biomass production for efficient carbon utilization.
Parenting and other potential protective factors associated with polysubstance use among public school students in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Agwogie Martin O. , Kliewer Wendy
Published: February 2024

Substance use is a growing problem in Nigeria. The present study extended recent work documenting the importance of parenting as protective against substance use in Nigerian youth by testing a model linking parenting, additional protective factors and polysubstance use. Public school students (N = 1607; 56% female; M age = 14.88; SD = .44 years) living in the greater Lagos region participated in school‐based data collection. Lifetime polysubstance use, defined as use of two or more substances including alcohol or illicit drugs, or misuse of over‐the‐counter medications, was reported by 5.2% of the sample. Structural equation modelling that accounted for adolescent age and sex on all constructs revealed good model fit. Positive parenting (support and solicitation) was significantly associated with higher perceived harmfulness of substance use, religiosity and positive relationships at school. Positive school relationships were associated with a decreased likelihood of polysubstance use. Multiple group analysis revealed no overall sex differences in the model paths. Strengthening parent–adolescent relationships may have a cascading effect on protective factors and subsequent substance use, and should be included in youth substance use prevention programmes.
A novel treatment strategy for bladder hypoplasia: A case of megaureter in a functional solitary kidney
Authors: Sasaki Yutaro , Takahashi Masayuki , Nishiyama Mitsuki , Kobayashi Saki , Ueno Yoshiteru , Furukawa Junya , Shimada Kenji
Published: February 2024

Introduction

We report a case of megaureter in a functional solitary kidney in which surgery was performed after bladder capacity was increased by home bladder cycling.

Case presentation

A 6‐day‐old girl with a left megaureter, a right multicystic dysplastic kidney, and bladder hypoplasia underwent percutaneous left nephrostomy for obstructive renal failure. At 8 months, home bladder cycling was initiated to increase bladder capacity before the planned ureterocystoneostomy. Surgery was performed after bladder capacity increased. The left ureter was compressed by the left umbilical ligament, so ureteral end‐to‐end anastomosis was performed at 1 year and 4 months. At 2 years and 8 months, cystometry showed age‐appropriate bladder capacity and improved bladder compliance.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of bladder hypoplasia treated by home bladder cycling.
Elephant conservation in India: Striking a balance between coexistence and conflicts
Authors: Pandey Ramesh K. , Yadav Satya P. , Selvan K. Muthamizh , Natarajan Lakshminarayanan , Nigam Parag
Published: February 2024

In the human‐dominated epoch of the Anthropocene, nations worldwide are trying to adopt a variety of strategies for biodiversity conservation, including flagship‐based approaches. The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) plays a pivotal role as a flagship species in India's biodiversity conservation efforts, particularly within its tropical forest ecosystems. As the country harboring the largest Asian elephant population among the 13 range countries, India's conservation strategies offer valuable insights for other range countries. This study elucidates India's elephant conservation paradigm by outlining a historical account of elephant conservation in the country and examining the current administrative and legal frameworks. These are instrumental in implementing strategies aimed at maintaining sustainable elephant populations. Our study also analyzes trends in elephant populations and negative human–elephant interactions, drawing upon data from a centralized government database. Our findings indicate that the elephant population in India is reasonably stable, estimated at between 25,000 and 30,000 individuals. This figure constitutes nearly two‐thirds of the global Asian elephant population. India's elephant population occupies ~163,000 km2 of diverse habitats, comprising 5% of the country's land area, with their distribution spread across the northern, northeastern, east‐central, and southern regions. This distribution has shown fluxes, particularly in the east‐central region, where large‐scale elephant dispersals have been observed. Between 2009 and 2020, human–elephant conflicts in India have resulted in an average annual loss of 450 (±63.7) human lives. During the same period, the central and state governments paid an average of US$ 4.79 million (±1.97) annually as ex gratia for property losses. Recognizing the critical nature of these conflicts, India has implemented various measures to manage this pressing conservation challenge. Overall, sustaining the world's largest extant population of wild elephants in the midst of India's human‐dominated landscapes is enabled by a robust institutional policy and legal framework dedicated to conservation. This commitment is further reinforced by strong political will and a deep‐rooted cultural affinity towards elephants and nature, which fosters a higher degree of tolerance and support for conservation efforts.
Improved survival in COVID‐19 related sepsis and ARDS treated with a unique “triple therapy” including therapeutic plasma exchange: A single center retrospective analysis
Authors: Keith Philip , Bohn Rebecca Inez Caldino , Nguyen Trung , Scott L. Keith , Richmond Monty , Day Matthew , Choe Carol , Perkins Linda , Burnside Rebecca , Pyke Richard , Rikard Ben , Guffey Amanda , Saini Arun , Park H. J. , Carcillo Joseph
Published: February 2024

Background

Throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic, the mortality of critically ill patients remained high. Our group developed a treatment regimen targeting sepsis and ARDS which we labeled “triple therapy” consisting of (1) corticosteroids, (2) therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), and (3) timely intubation with lung protective ventilation. Our propensity analysis assesses the impact of triple therapy on survival in COVID‐19 patients with sepsis and ARDS.

Methods

Retrospective propensity analysis comparing triple therapy to no triple therapy in adult critically ill COVID‐19 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit at Lexington Medical Center from 1 March 2020 through 31 October 2021.

Results

Eight hundred and fifty‐one patients were admitted with COVID‐19 and 53 clinical and laboratory variables were analyzed. Multivariable analysis revealed that triple therapy was associated with increased survival (OR: 1.91; P = .008). Two propensity score‐adjusted models demonstrated an increased likelihood of survival in patients receiving triple therapy. Patients with thrombocytopenia were among those most likely to experience increased survival if they received early triple therapy. Decreased survival was observed with endotracheal intubation ≥7 days from hospital admission (P < .001) and there was a trend toward decreased survival if TPE was initiated ≥6 days from hospital admission (P = .091).

Conclusion

Our analysis shows that early triple therapy, defined as high‐dose methylprednisolone, TPE, and timely invasive mechanical ventilation within the first 96 hours of admission, may improve survival in critically ill septic patients with ARDS secondary to COVID‐19 infection. Further studies are needed to define specific phenotypes and characteristics that will identify those patients most likely to benefit.
Social anxiety of the citizens of Kazakhstan: The dynamics of change and its impact on public consciousness
Authors: Duisenova Indira , Mukazhanova Almira , Simtikov Zhomart , Abishev Maidan
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the study is to analyze the factors associated with the formation of social anxiety and to explore trends in their impact on society in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors have used comparative, descriptive, and deductive methods to achieve the research goals. The results of the study determined that anxiety phenomena have become increasingly common over time and social anxiety is one of the most dangerous due to its degree of limitation. The vast majority of people experience some form of social anxiety, which occurs when distorted reality intervenes and certain moments signalize as dangerous. As a product of individual experience and sociopolitical construct, fear becomes the element organizing the state order. The social aspects are notably relevant to the process when the common sense of public consciousness puts security in the foreground as a matter of the greatest importance and urgency.
Aluminum exposure alters the pedal mucous secretions of the chocolate‐band snail, Eobania vermiculata (Gastropoda: Helicidae)
Authors: Guglielmi Marco Vito , Mastrodonato Maria , Semeraro Daniela , Mentino Donatella , Capriello Teresa , La Pietra Alessandra , Giarra Antonella , Scillitani Giovanni , Ferrandino Ida
Published: February 2024

Aluminum (Al) is used in everyday life and present in food drugs, packaging, industry, and agriculture. Although it is the most common metal in the Earth crust, a correlation has been demonstrated between its presence and various pathologies, even serious ones, especially of a neurological type. However, there is a histological gap regarding the role Al can have in contact with the covering and secreting epithelia. The alterations of the ventral and dorsal foot mucocytes and their secretions of the snail Eobania vermiculata caused by Al were investigated in situ by histochemical and lectin‐histochemical techniques. Administration to different experimental groups took place for 3 and 9 days with 50 and 200 μM of AlCl3. Several types of mucocytes were detected with a prevalent secretion of acid glycans in the foot of E. vermiculata. Sulfated glycans prevail in the dorsal region, with one type showing only fucosylated residues and another also having galactosaminylated and glycosaminylated residues. Carboxylated glycans prevail in the ventral region, with presence of galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals in both cells. Snails treated presented a general decrease of mucin amount in the secreting cells and affected the mucus composition. These changes could alter the rheological and functional properties of the mucus with possible implications for the health of the treated animals.

Research Highlights

Snails were fed with Al‐contaminated lettuce at different concentrations.

In the foot mucocytes produced mucus with prevailing acidic glycans.

In the treated resulted a reduction in the amount of mucus and an alteration of glycan composition.
Diurnal variation in short‐ and long‐duration precipitation within the Dabie Mountain region in Central China
Authors: Li Chao , Cui Chunguang , Jiang Xingwen , Wang Xiaofang , Fu Shenming , Cui Wenjun , Berrington Andrew H. , Sun Jing , Liu Peiting
Published: February 2024

Diurnal variation in regional precipitation in Central and East China has been broadly identified in previous study. This study focused on clarifying not only the differences in the diurnal variation concerning the local precipitation occurred in the Dabie Mountain (DBM) region and the regional precipitation occurred through the middle‐lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin, but also the association mechanism between diurnal variation in local precipitation with differing duration and diurnal modulation of ambient circulations driven by large‐scale background synoptic force or local‐scale orographic force of the DBM. It was found that cases of short duration precipitation (SDP, duration <6 h) and cases of long duration precipitation (LDP, duration ≥6 h) exhibit vastly different patterns of diurnal variations. Further investigation revealed that the primary pattern of the ambient circulation responsible for SDP and LDP is the recycling transformation between a closed cyclonic circulation to a cyclonic wind shear, and the recycling movement of a closed cyclonic circulation in the lower troposphere respectively. Although the diurnal variation in LDP exhibited greater orographic regional differences between the west slope (WS) region and the east slope (ES) region in comparison with that of SDP, topographical sensitivity experiments of the DBM and detailed analysis of background synoptic systems associated with LDP indicated that this regional orographic difference shows closer association with eastward propagation of background synoptic systems than orographic effects of the DBM. Respective strengthening of upward vertical motion at different levels of the troposphere during diurnal variation in SDP and LDP cases provide substantial evidences to reconfirm the close association with orographic force in lower the troposphere for SDP cases and background synoptic force in middle troposphere for LDP cases. Further quantitative diagnosis also confirmed that the orographic effects of the DBM is conducive to cause marked differences in the diurnal variation in SDP cases between the WS region and the ES region via adjustment of the upslope wind over the former and the circumventing wind over the latter.
Using algorithms to improve knowledge work
Authors: Amaya Javier , Holweg Matthias
Published: February 2024

We explore how organizations leverage algorithms to improve knowledge work in contexts where the tasks require skilled work, as distinct from routine tasks that have traditionally been the focus of academic enquiry. Drawing on a multiple‐case study of four business areas in a multinational energy firm undergoing a digital transformation, we find that contrary to what the literature predicts, tasks that require skilled work can also benefit from the adoption of algorithmic solutions. To benefit, business areas engaged in two distinct pathways for transforming knowledge work. The first focuses on automating a specific task, replacing human activity with algorithms in a single task. The second involves re‐engineering an entire process, whereby sequences of steps adjacent to the task at hand are redesigned on integration of an algorithm. We find that these pathways have different effects on the ability to improve knowledge work, suggesting that alignment between the task and the pathway chosen is crucial to realizing any improvement. We also find that the ability to sustain any improvement depends on the adjustment of the knowledge regime—the practices and structures that sanction knowledge. Building on these findings, we propose a general process model for the adoption of algorithmic solutions in knowledge work. In the wider context of the future of work debate, our findings challenge the prevailing notion that a task's skill requirements determine the extent to which knowledge work can be improved by algorithmic solutions.
High‐pressure and high‐temperature Raman spectroscopic study of zircon as a pressure scale in hydrothermal DACs
Authors: Takahashi Naoko , Kobayashi Hiroki , Kagi Hiroyuki
Published: February 2024

Raman spectra of zircon have recently been used as a pressure scale for studies of geological fluids at high temperatures and high pressures using diamond anvil cells (DACs). The zircon scale is advantageous in high chemical stability and the large pressure response of the B1g mode. Despite its excellent applicability, the calibration of the scale has been carried out only in a narrow pressure–temperature range, especially under limited high‐temperature and high‐pressure conditions. In this study, the pressure and temperature dependence of the Raman modes of synthetic zircon was investigated up to 9.5 GPa and from room temperature to 776 K using an externally heated diamond anvil cell. Ruby and gold were used as the reference pressure scales. The Raman shift of the B1g mode for the antisymmetric stretching of the SiO4 structure in zircon showed a linear pressure dependence of 5.48(4) cm−1/GPa up to 8 GPa at room temperature, in agreement with the previous studies. Measurements under high‐pressure and high‐temperature conditions confirmed that the pressure dependence up to 9.5 GPa along the isotherms from 373 to 675 K was consistent with the room‐temperature value; the wavenumbers can be well deduced from the sum of the individual effects of pressure and temperature, obtained at ambient temperature and pressure, respectively. A comparison of the zircon scale with the c‐BN Raman spectroscopic scale confirmed that the pressures determined with these scales were in reasonable agreement. The present results provide a confident use of the zircon Raman spectroscopic scale in a wider pressure–temperature range than previous studies for the internally consistent pressure determination.
The prophylaxis functions of Lactobacillus fermentumGLF‐217 and Lactobacillus plantarumFLP‐215 on ulcerative colitis via modulating gut microbiota of mice
Authors: Li Ao , Liu Aijie , Wang Jun , Song Hainan , Luo Pengfei , Zhan Meng , Zhou Xiaoli , Chen Lihao , Zhang Lin
Published: February 2024

Background

The strong connection between gut microbes and human health has been confirmed by an increasing number of studies. Although probiotics have been found to relieve ulcerative colitis, the mechanism varies by the species involved. In this study, the physiological, immune and pathological factors of mice were measured and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was conducted to investigate the potential mechanisms in preventing ulcerative colitis.

Results

The results demonstrated that ingestion of Lactobacillus fermentum GLF‐217 and Lactobacillus plantarum FLP‐215 significantly alleviated ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), as evidenced by the increase in body weight, food intake, water intake and colon length as well as the decrease in disease activity index, histopathological score and inflammatory factor. Both strains not only improved intestinal mucosa by increasing mucin‐2 and zonula occludens‐1, but also improved the immune system response by elevating interleukin‐10 levels and decreasing the levels of interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α and interferon‐γ. Moreover, L. fermentum GLF‐217 and L. plantarum FLP‐215 play a role in preventing DSS‐induced colitis by regulating the structure of gut microbiota and promoting the formation of short‐chain fatty acids.

Conclusions

This study may provide a reference for the prevention strategy of ulcerative colitis. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A comparative study on flaxseed lignan biotransformation through resting cell catalysis and microbial fermentation by β‐glucosidase production Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
Authors: Feng Chengcheng , Wu You , Cai Zizhe , Song Ziliang , Shim Youn Young , Reaney Martin J.T. , Wang Yong , Zhang Ning
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Flax lignan has attracted much attention because of its potential bioactivities. However, the bioavailability of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), the main lignan in flaxseed, depends on the bioconversion by the colon bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with β‐glucosidase activity has found wide application in preparing bioactive aglycone.

RESULTS

LAB strains with good β‐glucosidase activity were isolated from fermented tofu. Their bioconversion of flax lignan extract was investigated by resting cell catalysis and microbial fermentation, and the metabolism of SDG by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum C5 following fermentation was characterized by widely targeted metabolomics. Five L. plantarum strains producing β‐glucosidase with broad substrate specificity were isolated and identified, and they all can transform SDG into secoisolariciresinol (SECO). L. plantarum C5 resting cell reached a maximum SDG conversion of 49.19 ± 3.75%, and SECO generation of 21.49 ± 1.32% (0.215 ± 0.013 mm) at an SDG substrate concentration of 1 mM and 0.477 ± 0.003 mm SECO was produced at 4 mm within 24 h. Although sixteen flax lignan metabolites were identified following the fermentation of SDG extract by L. plantarum C5, among them, four were produced following the fermentation: SECO, demethyl‐SECO, demethyl‐dehydroxy‐SECO and isolariciresinol. Moreover, seven lignans increased significantly.

CONCLUSION

Fermentation significantly increased the profile and level of flax lignan metabolites, and the resting cell catalysis benefits from higher bioconversion efficiency and more straightforward product separation. Resting cell catalysis and microbial fermentation of flax lignan extract by the isolated β‐glucosidase production L. plantarum could be potentially applied in preparing flax lignan ingredients and fermented flaxseed. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Yellow leaf green tea modulates the AMPK/ACC/SREBP1c signaling pathway and gut microbiota in high‐fat diet‐induced mice to alleviate obesity
Authors: Tian Baoming , Pan Yizhu , Zhou Xue , Jiang Yuezhi , Zhang Xiangchun , Luo Xudong , Yang Kai
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Yellow leaf green tea (YLGT) is a new variety of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze, which has yellow leaves and the unique qualities of ‘three green through three yellow’. The present study aimed to investigate the anti‐obesity effect of YLGT in mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) and to explore the potential mechanisms by regulating the AMPK/ACC/SREBP1c signaling pathways and gut microbiota.

RESULTS

The results showed that YLGT aqueous extract reduced body weight, hepatic inflammation, fat accumulation and hyperlipidemia in HFD‐induced C57BL/6J mice, and also accelerated energy metabolism, reduced fat synthesis and suppressed obesity by activating the AMPK/CPT‐1α signaling pathway and inhibiting the FAS/ACC/SREBP‐1c signaling pathway. Fecal microbiota transplantation experiment further confirmed that the alteration of gut microbiota (e.g. increasing unclassified_Muribaculaceae and decreasing Colidextribacter) might be an important cause of YLGT water extract inhibiting obesity.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, YLGT has a broad application prospect in the treatment of obesity and the development of anti‐obesity function beverages. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pharmacokinetics of four tannin compounds from Sanguisorba officinalis L. before and after processing by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wei Yuxin , Yang Chunjuan , Jiang Shuang , Wang Zhibin
Published: February 2024

Sanguisorba officinalis L. possesses detoxifying, analgesic, and hemostatic properties. After charred processing, S. officinalis exhibits significantly enhanced medicinal effects. Currently, most pharmacokinetic studies focus on the chemical constituents of unprocessed S. officinalis. There is limited research on the comparison of chemical constituents before and after processing. This study established a pharmacokinetic method using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectroscopy (UHPLC‐MS/MS) to simultaneously determine the levels of four tannin compounds in rat plasma. In negative ion mode, MS/MS detection was performed using an electrospray ionization source. Chromatographic separation was performed using WATERS ACQUITY HSS T3 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 µm) with a gradient elution of water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The pharmacokinetic results indicate that all four compounds reached peak concentrations within 2 h, demonstrating rapid absorption into the bloodstream within the gastrointestinal tract. Notably, the absorption was generally faster in the charred compound of S. officinalis after processing. These four compounds exhibited slower elimination in rat plasma, while in S. officinalis charcoal, the compounds were eliminated more rapidly. The pharmacokinetic results have revealed the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the four analytes in rat plasma which provides valuable reference information for further investigating the in vivo absorption process of S. officinalis after processing.
Cranial Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound for Neonatal Providers
Authors: Kolnik Sarah E. , Sahota Annika , Wood Thomas R. , German Kendell , Puia‐Dumitrescu Mihai , Mietzsch Ulrike , Dighe Manjiri , Law Janessa B.
Published: February 2024

Objective

Despite strong evidence for its utility in clinical management and diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), the use of neonatal cranial point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) has not been standardized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in the United States. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of training NICU providers to perform cranial POCUS by tracking the quality of image acquisition following training.

Methods

Observational single‐center cohort study of cranial POCUS images obtained by trained neonatal practitioners (attendings, fellows, and advanced practice providers) using a protocol developed by a radiologist and neonatologist. Exams were performed on infants born ≤1250 g and/or ≤30 weeks gestation within the first 3 days after birth. A survey to assess attitudes regarding cranial POCUS was given before each of three training sessions. Demographic and clinical data collection were portrayed with descriptive statistics. Metrics of image quality were assessed by a radiologist and sonographer independently. Analysis of trends in quality of POCUS images over time was performed using a multinomial Cochran‐Armitage test.

Results

Eighty‐two cranial POCUS scans were performed over a 2‐year period. Infant median age at exam was 14 hours (IQR 7–22 hours). Metrics of image quality depicted quarterly demonstrated a significant improvement in depth (P = .01), gain (P = .048), and quality of anatomy images captured (P < .001) over time. Providers perceived increased utility and safety of cranial POCUS over time.

Conclusion

Cranial POCUS image acquisition improved significantly following care team training, which may enable providers to diagnose ICH at the bedside.
Inauthentic inclusion: Exploring how intention to use AI‐generated diverse models can backfire
Authors: Sands Sean , Demsar Vlad , Ferraro Carla , Campbell Colin , Cohen Justin
Published: February 2024

Rapid advances in AI technology have important implications for, and effects on, brands and advertisers. Increasingly, brands are creating digital models to showcase clothing and accessories in a similar way to human models, with AI used to customize various body types, ages, sizes, and skin tones. However, little is known about how the underrepresented consumers respond to a brand's intention to use AI‐generated models to represent them. We explore this by conducting four studies. We find evidence that a brand's intention to use AI‐generated (vs. human) models negatively affects brand attitude (study 1). We further investigate this effect using two different underrepresented consumer groups: LGBTQIA+ consumers (study 2) and consumers with disabilities (study 3). We show the effect to be serially mediated by consumers' perception of greater threat to their self‐identity and a lower sense of belonging, subsequently having a negative effect on brand attitude. Finally, we show that the perception of a brand's motivation for representing diverse consumer groups can attenuate these negative effects (study 4). Specifically, when consumers believe a brand is intrinsically motivated to use AI‐generated diversity representations, they report a significantly lower social identity threat which in turn is associated with a significantly higher sense of belonging to the brand. Our research findings suggest that a brand's well‐meaning intentions to represent diversity can in fact have negative effects on the very consumers whom a brand is trying to attract. While catering to diversity is of critical importance, our results indicate that brand managers should exercise caution when using AI to appeal to diverse groups of potential consumers.
Access to 2,4‐Disubstituted Pyrrole‐Based Polymer with Long‐Wavelength and Stimuli‐Responsive Properties via Copper‐Catalyzed [3+2] Polycycloaddition
Authors: Wang Lingna , Zhang Jianbo , Li Chunmei , Dang Wanbin , Guo Wei , Xie Junjian , Zhou Fengtao , Zhang Qiuyu
Published: February 2024

Pyrrole‐based polymers (PBPs), a type of fascinating functional polymers, play a crucial role in materials science. However, efficient synthetic strategies of PBPs with diverse structures are mainly focused on conjugated polypyrroles and still remain challenging. Herein, an atom and step economy protocol is described to access various 2,4‐disubstituted PBPs by in situ formation of pyrrole core structure via copper‐catalyzed [3+2] polycycloaddition of dialkynones and diisocyanoacetates. A series of PBPs is prepared with high molecular weight (Mw up to 18 200 Da) and moderate to good yield (up to 87%), which possesses a fluorescent emission located in the green to yellow light region. Blending the PBPs with polyvinyl alcohol, the stretchable composite films exhibit a significant strengthening of the mechanical properties (tensile stress up to 59 MPa, elongation at break >400%) and an unprecedented stress‐responsive luminescence enhancement that over fourfold fluorescent emission intensity is maintained upon stretching up to 100%. On the basis of computational studies, the unique photophysical and mechanical properties are attributed to the substitution of carbonyl chromophores on the pyrrole unit.
Ambient temperature 1H/13C NMR spectra of sodium 3‐(trimethylsilyl)propane‐1‐sulfonate (DSS) in D2O referenced to external TMS: A discussion of these and closely related results. Corrections for the bulk magnetic susceptibility effect for aqueous NMR samples
Authors: Nazarski Ryszard B.
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to obtain the title spectra and verify the temperature dependence of δDSS of the HOD signal from D2O of the NMR sample. However, the analysis of the collected δX data, extended by the results of other closely related measurements reported in the literature, provided important guidelines for performing routine 1H/13C NMR spectra in aqueous solvents externally referenced to neat liquid TMS contained in a coaxial capillary. Therefore, it is recommended that the previously proposed correction of δX data thus determined, which is mainly due to the difference in volume magnetic susceptibility χv between the sample and the external standard used, usually called the bulk magnetic susceptibility (BMS) correction, has been increased by +0.05 ppm (7%). The new value of this correction, +0.73 ppm, based on NMR experiments carried out at a standard temperature of 25°C, was confirmed in a classical approach using critically reviewed χm, χM, and ρ data for TMS, D2O, and H2O. The BMS correction for H2O solutions is +0.75 ppm. Important issues concerning magnetic susceptibility measurements for D2O and H2O, coaxial bulb‐ended inserts, and the geometry of two‐tube NMR cells (shape factor αav) are also critically discussed here, partly from a historical perspective.
Plasma‐derived from human umbilical cord blood restores ovarian function and improves serum reproductive hormones levels in mice with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) through cytokines and growth factors
Authors: Sun Tie Cheng , Guo Yi Ming , Li Dong Mei , Wen Yu Jie , Jiao Zhu Xue , Li Ju , Wang Hui Ping , Jia Yan Jun , Zhou Shan Jie
Published: February 2024

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) patients experience a decline in ovarian function and a reduction in serum reproductive hormones, leading to a significant impact on the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology. Despite the absence of an effective clinical treatment to restore fertility in POI patients, recent research has indicated that cord blood plasma (CBP) derived from human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) may offer therapeutic benefits for various degenerative diseases. The primary aim of this study is to explore approaches for enhancing ovarian function and serum reproductive hormones through the administration of CBP in a murine model. Initially, hUCB was utilized to obtain CBP (CBP), which was subsequently analyzed for cytokine and growth factor profiles in comparison to adult blood plasma (ABP) by use of flow cytometry. Subsequently, POI mouse models were established through the induction of 4‐vinylcyclohexene diepoxide, followed by the injection of CBP into the tail. At 7, 14, and 21 days posttreatment, mouse ovaries and blood were collected, and their estrus cycle, body weight, and ovarian weights were evaluated using precise electronic balance. Finally, ovarian morphology and follicle number were assessed through HE staining, while serum levels of anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH), estradiol (E2) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined by ELISA. Our study revealed that individuals with CBP exhibited significantly lower concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL‐β (p < 0.01) and IL‐2 (p < 0.05), while displaying elevated levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐12P70, IL‐17A, IP‐10, interferon‐γ, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (p < 0.01). Furthermore, CBP demonstrated remarkably higher levels of growth factors, including transforming growth factor‐β1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (p < 0.01) than ABP. Notably, our investigation also revealed that CBP restored the content of serum reproductive hormones, such as AMH, E2, and FSH (p < 0.05), and increased the number of primordial and primary follicles (p < 0.01) and decreased the number of luteal and atretic follicles (p < 0.01) in vivo. Our findings suggested that CBP‐secreted cytokines and growth factors could be restored POI ovarian function, enhanced serum reproductive hormones and rescued follicular development in vivo. These findings further support the potential of CBP as a promising strategy in clinical applications for POI related infertility.
Characterizing the spectrum of bladder health and lower urinary tract symptoms among men: Results from the CARDIA study
Authors: Markland Alayne D. , Hellemann Gerhard , Shan Liang , Brady Sonya S. , Huling Jared D. , Schreiner Pamela J. , Sidney Stephen , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. , Lewis Cora E.
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To operationalize a new definition for bladder health, we examined the distribution and impact of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), along with risk factors, among men in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

Methods

LUTS were defined by American Urologic Association Symptom Index (AUASI) scores and impact on quality of life (QoL). Separate questions assessed urinary incontinence (UI) and postvoid dribbling. We performed cluster analyses using AUASI scores, with and without urine incontinence and postvoid dribbling, and impact collected in 2010–11. We performed analyses to evaluate sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors between clusters.

Results

Among CARDIA men (mean age: 50.0, SD = 3.6; range: 42–56 years) with complete LUTS data (n = 929), we identified and compared four clusters: men who reported no or very mild symptoms and no impact on well‐being (bladder health, n = 696, 75%), men with moderate symptoms and moderate impact on well‐being (moderate symptoms/impact, n = 84, 9%), men with high symptoms and high impact on well‐being (severe symptoms/impact, n = 117, 13%), and a separate group that reported moderate symptoms and UI with a high impact on well‐being (UI + moderate symptoms/severe impact, n = 32, 3%). Exploration of the groupings showed a large percentage of postvoid dribbling across groups (overall 69%). Sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors were not associated with symptom/impact groups.

Conclusions

Bladder health clustered into four categories. A majority of middle‐aged men in the community showed no or mild bladder symptoms without impact on QoL. Postvoid dribbling is pervasive but did not cluster with a specific LUTS or impact category.
Plain Language Summary: Immunotherapy for Inhalant Allergy
Authors: Gurgel Richard K. , Baroody Fuad M. , Damask Cecelia C. , Mims James “Whit” , Gardner Donna D. , Reger Christine M. , Reyes Joe , Dhepyasuwan Nui
Published: February 2024

The plain language summary explains allergen immunotherapy to patients, families, and caregivers. The summary is for patients aged 5 years and older who are experiencing symptoms from inhalant allergies and are considering immunotherapy as a treatment option. It is based on the 2024 “Clinical Practice Guideline: Immunotherapy for Inhalant Allergy.” This plain language summary is a companion publication to the full guideline, which provides greater detail for health care providers. Guidelines and their recommendations may not apply to every patient, but they can be used to find best practices and quality improvement opportunities.
Hourglass, a compass navigating global and regional heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer†
Authors: Bakırdöğen Derya , Görgülü Kıvanç , Algül Hana
Published: February 2024

Advances in the digital pathology field have facilitated the characterization of histology samples for both clinical and preclinical research. However, uncovering subtle correlations between bioimaging, clinical and molecular parameters requires extensive statistical analysis. As a user‐friendly software, Hourglass, simplifies multiparametric dataset analysis through intuitive data visualization and statistical tools. Systemic analysis of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6)/pStat3 signaling pathway through Hourglass revealed differences in regional immune cell composition within tumors. Moreover, these regional disparities were partially mediated by sex. Overall, Hourglass simplifies information extraction from complex datasets, resolving overlooked regional and global spatial tumor differences. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Temperature dependence of kinetic friction: A handle for plastics sortation?
Authors: Thomas Joshua , Snyder Chad R. , Migler Kalman B.
Published: February 2024

Sortation is a crucial step in the mechanical recycling of post‐consumer plastics (PCR) whereby properties such as density or spectral signature are used to separate plastics. However, it is difficult to sort polyolefin flakes at high throughput by these properties. We ask whether the frictional properties of plastics as a function of temperature may be used as an alternate sorting property. However, fundamental studies of friction at temperatures near their melting points are limited. Here we measure the temperature dependence of kinetic friction for three common polyolefins (high and low‐density polyethylene and polypropylene) as well as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), focusing on the softening/melting regime. The results are augmented by differential scanning calorimetry and temperature‐dependence measurements of both dynamic modulus and probe tack. For the polyolefins, we find strong increases in the coefficients of kinetic friction during temperature ramps in the melting/softening regime. For the PET, we report a notable peak in the kinetic friction which we associate with the glass transition and cold‐crystallization. We discuss the enhanced friction in the context of rubber friction, which exhibits comparable coefficients of kinetic frictions.

Highlights

Significant upturn in kinetic friction coefficient of polyolefins near melting point

Strong peak in kinetic friction coefficient of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) above glass transition

Correlation of upturns with thermal and mechanical properties and tack

High friction state is analogous to rubber friction

High friction state is a possible mechanism for plastics sortation.
Mechanical and crystallization properties of hot runner injection molded virgin and recycled polypropylene
Authors: Bowen Nicholas , Guyer Cameron , Rippon Terence , Daly Michael , Gao Peng , Galati Vito , Lograsso Sal , Johnston Stephen , Masato Davide
Published: February 2024

As the demand for sustainable and environmentally conscious practices continues to grow, recycled plastics have become increasingly popular for plastics manufacturers. However, reprocessing these materials can result in inconsistencies in both process and product quality, leading to a loss in mechanical properties. To address this issue, this work investigates the injection molding of recycled and virgin polypropylene (PP). Using a multi‐cavity hot runner mold, correlations between processing parameters, such as melt temperature, mold temperature, pack pressure, soak time, and mechanical properties, were systematically investigated. A multivariate analysis approach was used to model the variables for each material. Results indicated significant correlations between processing, mechanical properties, and morphology. In particular, for the PP, the melt temperature affected the formation of β‐crystals and their transition to α‐crystals upon tensile testing. Different morphology was observed for the recycled polypropylene (rPP), in which crystallization was affected by polyethylene (PE) contamination. The results discuss the injection molding polymer, structure, and properties, relationship providing an approach to understanding and optimizing the mechanical properties of rPP.

Highlights

Polyethylene contamination in polypropylene significantly influences crystallinity.

Recycling contamination reduces the polypropylene's ability to form β crystals.

Virgin polypropylene mechanical properties can be tailored through processing conditions.

Recycled polypropylene mechanical properties suffer at higher temperatures and residence times.

Polypropylene α/β morphologies can be visualized after mechanical testing.