bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Information and Communication Technologies on Student’s Academic Performance: Case Study University of Balochistan Quetta
Authors: Zahir Abdul , Kiazai Dr. Abdul Nasir
Published: September 2022

This study examines the effects of information and communication technology (ICT) on students learning at the University of Balochistan (UOB). For this purpose, this study aims to examine the relationship between ICT students and students with academic achievements, while examining access to ICT facilities, accessibility and ICT tools and resources at UOB. In addition, this study examines the impact of gender modifier, GPA, and undergraduate majors in the relationship between ICT and academic performance. The study used a quantitative research approach with a sample size of 250 students. Data was collected on the effects of ICTs on universities and the relative effects of UOB students from different departments. This study is motivated by a growing concern observed in a recent report that UOB students experience learning difficulties due to limited access and use of ICT resources. The study was conducted in a cross-sectional design; Data collection was carried out in August 2020 using questionnaire techniques and interviews from a sample of 250 respondents from out of population 2,700 students. This study used the SOMER'S D test and descriptive analysis method to determine whether student learning and achievement had an effect on ICT. Therefore, it is proposed to pay attention to the ICT resources that affect the usability of students at UOB. On this basis, researchers emphasize that UOB University needs to invest more in computers and related technologies. Access to ICT tools should not be limited to laboratories and libraries, but should be expanded through the establishment of ICT resource centers. ICT training needs to be upgraded from the Microsoft Office suite to an earlier level.
Relationship of Corporal Punishment and Student’s Behavior of Secondary School Students of Quetta City
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , Kiazai Dr. Abdul Nasir
Published: September 2022

Corporal/Physical punishment exercises in the secondary level school students have negativeassociations on the behavior patterns of the students. The corporal punishment exercises not onlyaffect the student’s social life but also badly affect their professional life, these negative impacts ontheir behavior manage to the authorities whom the students are working outside the school and createhurdles in achieving their educational goals. For this purpose descriptive type of research wasconducted. This research was correlational in nature. The population for this research study was takenall the secondary boys’ and girls’ schools of the Quetta city, Quetta District. A sample of 200 studentswas taken in order to find out the results of the study. A questionnaire was designed in order to collectdata as a tool of the research study. There is a moderate negative relationship between theCorporal/Physical punishment and student’s behavior of the secondary schools. The students whoreceived corporal punishment had a negative impact on their behavior than those who didn’t receiveany type of punishment.
Juvenile Justice System in Pakistan: A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Abbas Hafiz Ghulam , Chughtai Anser Mahmood , Hussain Khalid
Published: September 2022

This research delineates the concept of Juvenile Delinquency and unfurls the rudimentary underpinnings, requisites and contours of the Juvenile Justice System in Pakistan. In the second half of 20th century, the concern for protection of best interest of juveniles has attracted attention under international conventions and national legislation, whose overarching and overriding aim is to deal and manage this crucial issue of juvenile delinquency while keeping in view the ‘best interests of the child’ and ‘safeguard of their fundamental rights’. However, unfortunately some basic shortcomings persist in the overall Criminal Justice System of Pakistan to which Juvenile Justice System is a part, inter alia, overcrowding and inhuman conditions of detention centers, incapacitated staff of the prisons, callousness, abuse and exploitation at the hands of police, pathetic prosecution system and an overwhelmed judicial system whose eventualities culminate in problems for pre-trial offenders awaiting their trials, a fragile probation and parole system and lack of other diversionary measures to detention that can help reduce a great chunk of prisoners from already brimmed prisons. Juvenile Justice System particularly focuses upon not bringing the juvenile offenders encounter formal Criminal Justice System rather puts emphasis on alternate measures for the rehabilitation, re-socialization, and re-integration of the juveniles into the society. This research elaborately seeks to highlight the issues surrounding Juvenile Justice System in Pakistan and puts forward certain recommendations for the improvement of the said System with the aim of assisting policy and law makers to establish practicable strategies, translating Juvenile Justice System ‘on paper’ to ‘in practice’. For conduct of research doctrinal method has been employed with analytical and critical approach.
Preparation and evaluation of modified herbal “Kumkum Powder” to reduce allergic reactions
Authors: Wagh Jyoti G , Veerkar Prachi V , Mittal Abhilasha , Kumari Raj , Sharma Shailesh , Sharma Sonu
Published: September 2022

Sindoor is the mark of a married women in Hinduism. Along the parting-line of a woman's hair (also called mang in Hindi or simandarekha in Sanskrit) or as a dot on the forehead. While in Hinduism, sindoor is the sign of married women. Single women use bindis in a variety of colours for special events, but they do not use sindoor in their hairline parting. Sindoor is the sign of married women in hinduism. A wide prevalence of socio-religious practices in the Asian subcontinent develops multiple skin diseases which may missed by dermatologist because of lack of awareness.So there is need to develop natural products. ‘Kumkum’ application can result in pigmented contact dermatitis and lichen planus pigmentosus. Sticker ‘bindis’ and ‘alta’ induce contact leukoderma. Irritant and allergic contact dermatitis occurs due to synthetic dyes. Synthetically prepared sindoor unsafe levels of lead which may cause irritation to the skin herbal sindoor has active natural pigments which deliver intense colour that does not that find fade as the day wear on. The herbal sindoor  stays for long period without any irritation.
Effect of neuromodulation on autonomic dysreflexia in patients with spinal cord injury
Authors: Abdelrehem Osama Mohamed Ahmed , Salem Nahed , Elsayed Enas , Darwish Mohab
Published: September 2022

Background: Autonomic dysreflexia is a common clinical presentation in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Objectives: To study the effect of the neuromodulation on autonomic dysreflexia in patients with SCI. Methods: Forty SCI patients from both sexes had participated in this study. They were assigned randomly into two equal groups, (A and B). Patients in group (A); the study group received TENS therapy in addition to selective physical therapy program for AD. Group (B); the control group received the same selective physical therapy program only. Electrocardiogram monitor was used to assess blood pressure, pulse rate variation and ECG device was used to assess heart rate variability before and after eight weeks training period for both groups. Results:  There was a statistically significant decrease in all measured parameters of the ECG monitor in both groups (A and B) in favor to group A (p<0.05). Conclusion:  Neuromodulation had a beneficial effect on improving autonomic dysreflexia in patients with SCI.
Validated stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of candesartan and pioglitazone in human plasma
Authors: Hephzibah Kola , Shanmugasundaram Sangeetha
Published: September 2022

Objective: The focus of this study was to establish a simple, robust, and validated RP-column approach to analyze Candesartan and Pioglitazone in a bilayer tablet dosage form. To broaden patient compliance in conditions such as diabetes and hypertension, a combination of drugs is often prescribed. As a result, a bilayer tablet containing a fixed-dose combination of 8 mg of Candesartan and 15 mg of Pioglitazone was developed. Both drugs were analyzed and chromatographically separated using the liquid chromatography technique. Methodology: waters 2695 with a quaternary pump and Inertsil C18 column mobile phase as buffer: acetonitrile (60:40) and flow rate of 1ml per minute and detection at 220nm was used for performing Chromatography. Results: Internal standard, Candesartan, and Pioglitazone eluted with retention times of 2.208, 2.569, and 3.553 minutes, respectively. There was no interference found between the peaks. With a correlation value of 0.999, the approach is verified across a linear range of 0.5 µg/ml – 20.0µg/ml for Candesartan and 0.08 µg/ml – 3.2 µg/ml for Pioglitazone. 6 samples at LLOQ level were analyzed for accuracy and precision and found to be in limit and all the analytes were stable at 28 °C and  -80 °C in human plasma.
Integrated innovation of East Java digital village based on collaboration of regional potential and local market evolution supply chain
Authors: Subagyo Subagyo , Dharma Buyung Adi , Basuki Andi , Susanto Hendra , Gunawan Ari
Published: September 2022

Development in Indonesia is inevitable from the residual problems of development in rural areas. However, the various solutions that have been carried out still have various shortcomings, this is due to the lack of integration of the technology used to map the potential of the village and its realization, as well as the lack of use of technology in terms of optimizing the potential of the village owned. This study aims to clearly map the natural potential of the village and form the best supply chain flow to be able to deliver product processing results from mapping and processing results through digital market penetration that can increase village potential and improve village welfare. The research method used in the development of this research is the design thinking process. The results of this study are a digital village system in which there is a feature of searching for village data, presenting menus such as visualizations and infographics. The use of this research development product can increase automation in mapping village potential and supply chain flows that are right on target.
Comparison of different plating systems in bilateral para symphysis fractures
Authors: Jamwal Surinder Singh , Kant Krishan , Venugopal Kannan , Rajesh Damarasingu , Khalid Imran
Published: September 2022

Aim: The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the comparison of various plating systems used in treatment of bilateral para-symphysis fracture. Methodology: Fractures were generated in 3-dimensional finite element models, and were fixed with a single miniplate, parallel double miniplates, or perpendicular double miniplates. A 300 N perpendicular load was then applied on the left molar region, and a finite element analysis was performed. Vertical gaps between the fractured surfaces of bilateral para-symphyseal areas, maximum stress within the screw/plating system, and maximum stress around screw holes in the bone. Results: Compared to the single miniplate, both the parallel and perpendicular double miniplates demonstrated significantly less stress in the screw/plating system and screw holes in the bone. In addition, the perpendicular double miniplates had significantly smaller vertical gaps between fracture surfaces when compared to the single miniplate. Comparing parallel and perpendicular double miniplate fixations, less stress was found around the screw holes of the perpendicular miniplate models than those of the parallel miniplate models. There were no differences in vertical gaps or maximum stress within the screw/plating systems between the 2 double miniplate fixations.
Anatomical study of stems for some Torilis Adans. species (Apiaceae) in Iraq
Authors: AL-Taie Ghassan Radam Idan , AL-Jibouri Khazal Dh.Wadi , Dawood Wisam Malik
Published: September 2022

The study included the anatomical characteristics of four species stems belonging the genus Torilis of the (Apiaceae family), which were T. arvensis , T. leptocarpa , T. leptophylla and T.nodosa  the specimens were collected from different places in the mountainous region, and the upper plains and foothills region of (Phyto districts of Iraq). The results showed variations in the shapes of the cross-sections of the stems of the species, the stems were covered by a wavy and uneven layer of cuticle, its thickness ranged between 7-12 micrometers, and the epidermis was one row of cells, oval to ellipsoid in shape. The cortex consisted of three layers, the first layer consisting of thick-walled angular collenchyma cells, grouped in bundles, their number ranged between 12-15, and the second layer consisting of interrupted rows of parenchyma cells spherical, oval, elongated, or ellipsoidal to Irregular, varied in number of rows in species, ranged between 2-5 row. While the third layer consisted of a continuous ring of lacunar collenchyma, the number of rows ranged from 1-3, ovoid to sub ovoid to elliptic.
Acute epistaxis on male patient after covid vaccination by the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine : Case report
Authors: Alazim Hebatullah Ali Zain Elabdeen Abdel , Abdelal Asmaa Fathy Elsyed , Eldin Doaa Abd Elhalem Saif , Rabou Khadiga Abd Allah Abd
Published: September 2022

Epistaxis has the potential to be lethal since it can impair a patient's airway, breathing, respiratory system, and circulation. To reduce morbidity, it is essential to recognise underlying bleeding diatheses that may be addressed medically as soon as feasible. Ten days after receiving the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, a 29-year-old man began to experience hematomas and epistaxis. This is the case study that we are providing. The experience serves as a cautionary tale that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can harm any organ, including the circulatory system, either directly through tissue tropism or inadvertently through inflammatory reactions in the form of innate immunity.According to the study that follows, vasculitis and vasculopathy associated with COVID-19 are a telltale symptom of a systemic virus-related disease.
Identify etiology of morbidity events of earlier children among multigravida women
Authors: Dharmadhikari Snehal M. , Salunkhe Avinash H. , Salunkhe Jyoti A. , Kakade Satish V.
Published: September 2022

Morbidity condition are more prevalent in the children who are exposed to various risk factors like overcrowding, poor nutrition etc. morbidity in the children residing in the rural area is more as compared to the urban area.Because socio-economical strata and standard of living, inadequate knowledge.Children are the future of any healthy nation they are asset of nation, unfortunately this assets falls children, because of poor maintenance of health, Malaria and acute respiratory infection are higher among children in rural setting and children whose mothers are 16–17 and 28–33 years of age. Objective: To identify the etiology of morbidity events of earlier children among multigravida women. Research Methodology: The quantitative approach and community based cross-sectional study design was used. Were enrolled 492 multigravida women with her 992 earlier children from 0-18 yr age group with used simple random sampling technique, Analyses was done using SPSS version 26.00 and identify etiology events of earlier children among multigravida women. Result: major finding identify etiology of morbidity events of earlier children among multigravida women’s group was G2P2 in that; 1(0.2%) illness having before pregnancy in multigravida women and having illness during pregnancy, 23(3.8%) were taken treatment during pregnancy, 50(8.2%) women were having consanguinity marriage.
Numerical approach for enhanced oil recovery with polymer flooding using CMG-STARS program
Authors: Mohmmed Saja Haider , Hadi Nizar Jawad
Published: September 2022

The polymer recovery efficiency of cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) has been evaluated for use as polymer flooding in the Basra oil reservoir Initially, rheological, physical and petro physical were studied. Additionally, the polymer flooding core flooding experiment has been tested to see how well PAM solutions can be recovered. The comparative study between experimental and numerical study for  PAM solution  has been accomplished in terms of rheological properties , relative permeability curve and oil production. The results showed that PAM solution exhibit shear thinning effect which  can efficiently improve the macroscopic sweep efficiency as well as microscopic displacement efficiency, and viscosity increase with high concentration. The overall recovery efficiency of 94.61 % from sandstone  was determined for 2500ppm PAM flooding. By contrast, brine water flooding was found to be 47.76%, showing that it was less effective than PAM solution. Cost analysis is another factor that affects a project's success. To support the experimental results, a simulation by the Computer Modelling Group (CMG) study has also been conducted.
Perceptions of HIV positive adolescents about the disease and its manifestations
Authors: Ratnakar Bunga Babu , Rambabu Chippalapally , Bhushan Bunga Raja
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The lack of information on knowledge, perceptions, and behaviours regarding HIV risk and preventive behaviours among Indian adolescents is alarming. Objective: To assess the perceptions of HIV Positive adolescents about disease and its manifestations. Materials and Methods: 101 HIV positive adolescents were randomly selected into the study.  study populations were given a questionnaire in Telugu and English containing questions regarding the 1) knowledge on HIV disease, 2) attitude towards life,3) perceptions and feelings about disease, 4) issues relating to treatment 5) impact of counselling, 6) attitude towards the other HIV positive people. The questions were explained to them, and they were asked to write answers. Results: More than 64% of adolescents have an idea about HIV transmission. More than 44% ,84%, 64% have an idea that HIV is a manageable disease, concept about the disease, good hope about their future respectively. More than 40% adolescents preferred HIV positive person as their partner. More than 90% of adolescents felt that many things are there to live happily. Conclusion: From the results it can be concluded that study gave a general idea about few perceptions of HIV positive adolescents about the disease and its manifestations.
critical study on enchaning speaking skills
Authors: Nayakam X. Ancy Medona , Aksharagovind U. S.
Published: September 2022

English is one of the most used languages around the globe. It connects people beyond a geography region. Developing ones communication skill gives scope to the capable talents to express their opinions and ideas to the world they live in. Spoken English enables the learner to transform ones views, idea, opinions, emotions, thoughts, etc to gain information to analyse and solve problems and issues that they may be faced with. The study attempts to study the requirements and needs of the learners/students in using English as a medium of communication and to explore ways to enable the student to speak English fluently and confidently which in turn helps them in attain employment and be successful in their careers. The study given below was conducted in two phases –The Pre intervention stage and The Intervention stage.
existence of a healthy environmental protection law and state responsibilities in Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho Budi Sulistiyo , Hidayat Ahmad Wahyu , Bangkara B. M. A. S. Anaconda , Maruf Irma Rachmawati , Hastuti Puji
Published: September 2022

This study aims to obtain scientific evidence from a series of publications in the form of environmental books and articles to enrich the discussion of the existence of a healthy environmental protection law and the state's responsibility for environmental sustainability. We have conducted several studies on several kinds of literature in the form of publications and other documents, which we have studied under phenomenology to obtain valid and reliable answers. Based on the review and discussion, this study finally gains an understanding that the existence of a healthy and natural environmental protection law, the government has taken steps to create regulations and laws to ensure that support will be maintained and give consequences to anyone who does not heed the rules that the government has designed government. However, damage still occurs, such as environmental destruction in the form of littering, overpopulation and corrosion in various places, and diversity elimination. Hopefully, these findings will be helpful for further studies.
Analgesia with bupivacaine under subarachnoid block in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries
Authors: Mohan S. Saurav , Narendren G. , Calingarayar D. Fantin Joel
Published: September 2022

Background and Aim: To study and compare the hemodynamic stability and duration of analgesia in spinal anaesthesia among bolus versus lower fractional doses of bupivacaine in the arachnoid block for the patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries specifically urologic, pelvic, and lower limb surgeries. Methods: Interventional Randomized Comparative case-control study done among 70 study participants to compare analgesia with bupivacaine under subarachnoid block in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries. Results: To sum up, we found that the time for onset of the sensory block with a fractionated dose of bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia was significantly lesser than the time taken with a bolus dose and took a significantly longer time to regress. Conclusion: We found that patients who received a fractionated dose of bupivacaine had a faster onset of motor blockade compared
Spectrophotometric method for the determination of chlordiazepoxide, diazepam and alprazolam drugs by using oxidation coupling reaction
Authors: Mohsen Esraa Muhammad , Mahood Abdulbari Mahdi , Al Hindawi Aula M.
Published: September 2022

Sensitive, accurate, precise and efficient spectrophotometric"method for the determination of chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam and Alprazolam drug (CH, DIA, ALP) in pure as well as in dosage form was described."The suggested method was based on oxidation coupling reaction of suggested drug (CH, DIA, ALP) drug using acidic buffer "then"coupling with"3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride"(MBTH) in the presence of ferric chloride. Spectrophotometric measurement was established by recording the absorbance of the blue colored product at (663,609,619) nm. Using the optimized reaction conditions, beer’ s law was obeyed in the range of"(2.5-25) µg/mL "(5-30) µg/mL, and "(5-30) µg/mL with good correlation coefficient of (0.9997, 0.9979, 0.9965)   and the LOD and LOQ ( CH,DIA,ALP) values were( 0.1750, 5.834 , 0.676  and 2.253 ,0.881and 2.938)μg/mL for  chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam and Alprazolam drug respectively.  The accuracy and precision of the proposed method represented by recovery and relative standard deviation were satisfactory; about 99.33% and)") 0.502and 0.195, 0.46) μg/mL for chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam and Alprazolam drug respectively. The "proposed"method"was"applied"for"determination"of (CH, DIA, ALP) in"its"pharmaceutical" "forms"and"the"results"compared successfully"with"the"obtained"by"standard"method  (British"pharmacopeia"method).
Sexual education intervention for the prevention of premarried sexual behavior in early adolescents
Authors: Ibnu Indra Fajarwati , Wahyuni Chatarina Umbul , Devy Shrimarti Rukmini , Notobroto Hari Basuki
Published: September 2022

Sexual education interventions are needed as an effort to prevent premarital sexual behavior in early adolescents. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze sexual education interventions for the prevention of premarital sex in early adolescents. The research keywords were sexual education, prevention, premarital sexual behavior, and early adolescence. Data collection using an electronic database from articles that have been published through the Proquest portal, Sciencedirect, Google Scholar, and Pubmed, published from 2010 to 2020. The results of the literature review identify sexual education interventions for premarital sexual prevention in early adolescents that have been carried out in several countries through the integration of sexual education at the education level, sexual education through guidance and counseling by professional health workers, sexual education through guidance and counseling based on the cooperation of schools and parents. Sexual education has been shown to reduce the incidence of premarital sexual behavior in early adolescents.
INCOME ATTAINMENT OF IMMIGRANT WOMEN IN CANADA: DOES REGION OF BIRTH MATTER?
Authors: Islam Md. Kamrul
Published: September 2022

Using data from the 2001 Census of Canada, this study compares earnings of 30-year-old immigrant women and their Canadian born counterparts. The central question is whether region of birth has any impact on the earnings of immigrant women in Canada. Multiple regression analysis results indicate that region of birth has significant impact on the earnings of immigrant women in Canada. More specifically, immigrant women who were born in Asia, Africa and other non English speaking regions were clearly disadvantaged in terms of income attainment compared to Canadian born women. Overall, this study provides a strong evidence of “origin effect” for immigrant women in their country of destination.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL OF MONSOON SEASON AND ITS VARIABILITY OVER BANGLADESH
Authors: Rahman M. M. , Ali L. Ershad , Ara Munnujahan , Alam K. M.
Published: September 2022

This paper investigates the correlation and the coefficient of variation to find variability of rainfall during monsoon over Bangladesh from 1951 to 2000. Twenty nine stations have been considered in six divisions distributed all over Bangladesh in this study. Chittagong and Khulna have experienced the highest and lowest average rainfall respectively during the study period. The high and low stability of rainfall occur in Sylhet and Khulna divisions during the 50 years.
A NOTE ON CONTACT MANIFOLDS AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Sarkar A. , Das S. K. , Ali L. Ershad , Alam K. M. , Hakim M. A.
Published: September 2022

The objective of this paper is to define contact manifold in a popular way and to show its applications to non-linear system and different branch of physics. A well known class of contact manifold viz., Sasakian manifold has been studied and its applications have also been considered. An illustrative example is also given.
DIFFERENTIAL ATTITUDE TOWARDS TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLE AMONG ADOLESCENTS: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Islam Md. Kamrul
Published: September 2022

This research was conducted using data from Alberta High School Graduate Survey (AHGS) 1996 in Canada to examine the differential attitude towards traditional gender role among high school graduates in Canada. Sex (men and women), mother as homemaker, father as homemaker, fathers’ education, mothers’ education, and community size were taken into account to predict adolescents’ attitude towards traditional gender role. Using multivariate statistical techniques, it was tested that boys and girls significantly differ regarding attitude towards traditional gender role. Overall, it was found that respondents’ sex had the strongest impact on adolescents’ attitude towards traditional gender role. And females’ attitude towards traditional gender role is less biased compared to males. Regarding parents as homemaker it was found that those whose mothers work as homemaker had high gender bias compared to those whose mothers were not homemakers. Finally, it was found that mothers’ high education was negatively associated with high level of gender bias.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF SEEDS OF Hyptis suaveolens
Authors: Islam M.A. , Parvin S. , Rahman M. M. , Ahmed M.I. , Biswas N.N. , Karmakar U.K. , Naher K.
Published: September 2022

The crude ethanolic extract of the seeds of Hyptis suaveolens was evaluated for its analgesic,antidiarrhoeal and cytotoxic activities. The extract significantly and dose dependently inhibited the acetic acid induced writhing in mice (69.7%, P < 0.001 and 60.6%, P < 0.001 for 500 and 250 mg/kg body weight,respectively), comparable to the standard drug diclofenac sodium. The extract also decreased the frequency of defecation and increased mean latent period significantly (P< 0.05) at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively compared with the control group. Moreover, it displayed considerable general toxicity towards brine shrimps. The LC50 value of the extract was 80 µg/ml which was comparable to that of standard drug chloramphenicol (43 µg/ml). All the results tend to justify the traditional uses of the seeds of Hyptis suaveolens.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING OF Enhydra fluctuans Lour.
Authors: Khushi Shamsunnahar , Akhter Md. Jamil , Hasan Md. Mahadhi , Rahman Md. Anisur , Murshid Gazi Md. Monjur , Sadhu Samir Kumar
Published: September 2022

The study was aimed to evaluate pharmacological activities of the leaves of Enhydra fluctuans Lour. (Family-Asteraceae). The interesting reported pharmacological activities, coupled with the use of the plant in traditional medicine qualify E. fluctuans Lour. for possible analgesic, antidiarrhoeal and antioxidant activities. These activities were investigated on animal model like Swiss albino mice. Phytochemical analysis using standard screening methods indicated the presence of alkaloids, tannins, steroids, gums, glycosides, saponins and flavonoids in the ethanolic plant extract. The ethanolic extract obtained by cold extraction method, showed anti oxidant activity of IC50 = 197 µgm/ml in DPPH assay while that of the standard ascorbic acid was observed to be IC50 = 18 µgm/ml. In Folin-Ciocalteau assay total phenolic content was found to be 157 mg GAE/100 gm of dry powder. This extract when applied at 250 and 500 mg/kg exhibits significant inhibition of writhing reflex 25.43% (p< 0.02) and 40.67 % (p< 0.05) respectively while with that of the standard drug diclofenac sodium inhibition was observed to be 68.82% (p<0.001) at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight. In castor oil induced method the extract produced 23.81 and 47.62 % (p<0.02 and p<0.01) inhibition of diarrhoea at the doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively while standard loperamide showed 85.72 % (p<0.001) inhibition at a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight.
PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF EDIBLE AQUATIC VEGETABLES: A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF FOUR SPECIES FROM BANGLADESH
Authors: Hasan Md. Mehedi , Nahar Sharmin , Arafat Shaikh Tareq , Debnath Sudip , Parvez Md.  Shahin , Rahman Sk. Mustafizur , Ahsan Md. Nazmul
Published: September 2022

The proximate composition of four commonly found edible aquatic plants (both leaves and stems) from south-western coastal regions of Bangladesh, such as Helencha (Enhydra fluctuants), Malancha (Alternanthera philoxeroides), Shapla (Nymphaea nouchali) and Kochu (Colocasia esculenta) was determined to evaluate their nutritional value in terms of crude protein, lipid and moisture contents. The moisture contents of leaves ranged from 59.41±1.0 % to 67.16±1.0% and that of stems from 70.19±1.0% to 83.03±1.0% (fresh weight). The crude protein contents of leaves ranged from 9.04±0.2 % to 20.58±0.5% and that of stems 6.34±0.4 % to 19.64±0.6% ; the lipid contents of leaves ranged from 1.12±0.2% to 2.96±0.1% and that of stems 1.11±0.3% to 2.02±0.2%; and the ash contents of leaves ranged from13.39±0.5% to 16.13±0.5% and that of stems from 14.29±0.5% to 17.28±0.5% (dry weight). The results revealed that the plants contained essential amount of protein, lipid and moisture which compete favourably well with those of commercially available agricultural vegetables.
DEVELOPMENT OF PICKLE FROM MARINE MOLLUSKS AND ITS SHELF-LIFE ASSESSMENT DURING STORAGE
Authors: Nayan Hasna Hena , Hazra Prema , Parvez Md. Shahin , Khatun Mst. Muslima
Published: September 2022

In the southwestern part of Bangladesh, mollusk such as oysters, blood clam, mussels and horn snails are used only for lime production, whereas they also have other potential purposes of use. The flesh of edible blood clam (Anadara granosa) and oyster (Crassostrea madrasensis) are not utilized by the people because of lack of awareness about the high nutritive value of the seafood products. Keeping this in mind, an attempt was made to utilize mollusk flesh as pickle. The shelf life of the pickled product developed from blood clam and oyster were assessed for a period of 6 months at ambient temperature (28-32 °C). Three types of oils, such as mustard oil, sesame oil and soybean oil were used for pickle preparation, where mustard oil was selected as the best pickle on the basis of biochemical, microbiological and sensory evaluation. Trimethylamine nitrogen, total volatile base nitrogen, total plate count and sensory scores of pickles with mustard oil were significantly increased (P <0.001) at the end of storage period though all scores were at acceptable limit. The cost of preparing pickle was found very low. It may also contribute to our blue economy by marketing and exporting pickles to foreign countries. In future, the pickle prepared from unutilized mollusk meat may be used as food for tribal people in Bangladesh and also have economic value in the tourist area for foreign tourists.
REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR OF THE MARRIED SANTAL WOMEN: A STUDY IN RANGPUR DISTRICT, BANGLADESH
Authors: Kabir Md. Ripul , Shapla Sharmin Akter , Rashid Mamunor
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore the fertility intensions and family planning of the Santal women as well as to find out their reproductive involvement with contraceptive usages. This survey was carried out on Rangpur Sadar and Pirgonj upazila under Rangpur district during January to March, 2018. Random sampling technique was adopted and total sample size was 150. The study shows that majority of the Santal women’s marital age was between 15 and 19 years and they had one to three children. Most of them were not in practice of abortion and even a very few number of miscarriages was found in their reproductive behavior. Most of them were not forced to use any contraceptive. More than half of the Santal women became pregnant from one to two times in their life and first pregnancy was enumerated during their first year of matrimony as they did not take any birth control method just after their marriage. It is observed from the study that there prevails an association between Santal women’s number of pregnancy and their duration of marriage (p<0.001). The regression analysis shows that duration of marriage and number of family members had a positive impact on the pregnancy number of the Santal married women. They worked outside their home during their pregnancy. A significant number of Santal married women do not know how to use contraceptives properly. Awareness should be increased regarding the usage of contraceptives among illiterate married Santal women.
KNOWLEDGE OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS AT KHULNA CITY CORPORATION AREA IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Chandra Dipika , Islam Farjana , Polly Afsana , Golder Babla
Published: September 2022

Inadequate knowledge regarding reproductive health among adolescent girls is a common scenario in Bangladesh which affects adversely on safe motherhood in future. For this reason the study focused on analyzing the knowledge about reproductive health among adolescent girls in Khulna City Corporation (KCC) area. This study tried to find out the level of their knowledge about components of reproductive health which consisted of knowledge about contraceptives, sexually transmitted diseases, menstruation, safe motherhood, abortion and receiving health care services among adolescent girls. Five schools of Ward no. 16 in Khulna City Corporation (KCC) were selected purposively as the study area. The study was explanatory in nature and survey method had been used to conduct this study. Girls of aged 11 to 16 years old, students of class seven to class ten, had been selected as respondents and 200 samples from 414 population were selected using stratified random sampling procedure. Interview technique has been used to collect data from June to August, 2018 through interview schedule. The study revealed that the average age of the respondents was 14.48 years and most of the cases (92 percent) got information about reproductive health from their mother. Additionally, regarding knowledge about components of reproductive health majority of the respondents had medium knowledge about contraceptives, sexually transmitted diseases, menstruation, safe motherhood, receiving health care services except abortion as most of them (41.5 percent) responded low knowledge about it. Besides, the age structure had no impact on access to information about reproductive health (p >0.502) but there was statistically significant (p<0.000) relationship between age of the respondents and knowledge about components of reproductive health. Furthermore, knowledge about reproductive health did not vary with their religious views (p >0.318) but age, year of schooling year of schooling of household head, access to information and importance of source of information were related with knowledge about reproductive health. Finally, the study generalized that age, year of schooling, availability of information and preference of source of information pave the way for knowledge about reproductive health.
A Brief Discussion of the Legal System of Carbon Emissions Trading Market Regulation
Authors: Huang Shimai , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: September 2022

This article consists of four parts. The first part briefly describes the carbon emission trading market, and briefly discusses its meaning, theoretical basis, and market system construction; the second part outlines the legal system of carbon emission trading market regulation, and divides the carbon trading market-related norms and practices at the central and local levels; the third part divides the legal system of market regulation of emission trading market, and outlines its systems of market access, market competition, and securities regulation; the fourth part is a summary of the self-assessment.
Financial Risk Evaluation of Listed Liquor Companies
Authors: Wu Xinyue , Zeng Shaolun
Published: September 2022

Based on the financial data of Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2011 to 2020, we evaluate the financial risk of 15 listed companies in the liquor industry using principal component analysis method in this paper. Selecting 16 indicators in four aspects: debt solvency, operating ability, profitability, and development ability for principal component analysis, five principal component models are obtained. From the comprehensive evaluation model of financial risk obtained in this paper, it can be concluded that the first and second, the third and fourth principal components have an important impact on risk evaluation, especially the first principal component, which reflects the solvency of the liquor industry companies such as cash flow or liquid assets realization, and the company's profitability with all assets to obtain income levels. The financial risk of the company is greatly affected. This paper analyzes and discusses the financial risks of Chinese liquor listed companies from four aspects, including solvency.
Lussuosi arredi romani fra Italia e Spagna: i sostegni scanalati in marmo Giallo antico
Authors: Slavazzi Fabrizio
Published: September 2022

Fra gli arredi marmorei di età romana si distingue un gruppo di sostegni realizzati in marmo Giallo antico, che presentano caratteristiche comuni di lavorazione e di decorazione, i cui esemplari sono stati ritrovati nel Mediterraneo occidentale (Sardegna, Francia meridionale, Spagna), con una concentrazione in alcuni centri antichi. Si propongono considerazioni su produzione, circolazione e riuso di questi oggetti di lusso.
Milano, 1881: Courbet e Carpeaux tra le “macchiette” di Navarro della Miraglia
Authors: Lacagnina Davide
Published: September 2022

Nel 1881, per i tipi dell’editore Brigola di Milano, vedeva la luce Macchiette parigine, un compendio di profili biografici che lo scrittore siciliano Emanuele Navarro della Miraglia (1838-1919) dedicava a eminenti personalità della cultura letteraria e artistica francese di metà Ottocento.Francesista, a lungo residente a Parigi (1864-1872), in contatto a Milano con gli ambienti della scapigliatura lombarda (1872-1882) e da ultimo professore di Lingua e letteratura francese presso l’Istituto superiore di magistero femminile di Roma (1883-1913), Navarro della Miraglia includeva fra le sue “macchiette” anche due ritratti d’artisti dedicati rispettivamente a Gustave Courbet e a Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux.Questo contributo si propone di definire il contesto e le ricadute di una lettura non allineata alla tempestiva e più “ortodossa” discussione della lezione di Courbet promossa da Diego Martelli presso i macchiaioli toscani, a beneficio di una geografia culturale diversamente articolata fra le aperture cosmopolite del naturalismo meridionale e le frange più avanzate della scapigliatura lombarda. Allo stesso modo il resoconto dell’atelier di Carpeaux è riconsiderato alla luce del coevo dibattito sulla scultura monumentale e delle ricerche in corso a Milano su un modellato più mosso e nervoso.
Verità della physis e menzogna sociale: Doktor Glas, un Übermensch fallito?
Authors: Santovito Viviana
Published: September 2022

Questo studio investiga quali siano i punti di contatto tra il filosofo tedesco Friedrich Nietzsche e lo scrittore svedese Hjalmar Söderberg nel romanzo di quest’ultimo Doktor Glas. L’articolo prende in esame due testi nietzschiani finora poco messi in relazione con l’opera söderberghiana, Über Wahrheit und Lüge im außermoralischen Sinne e Die fröhliche Wissenschaft, evidenziando gli influssi che il pensiero del filosofo tedesco ha esercitato sulla concezione del Doktor Glas. L’analisi prende le mosse dai concetti di menzogna e conoscenza così come formulati in Über Wahrheit und Lüge im außermoralischen Sinne e dal concetto di “morte di Dio”, identificando in quest’ultimo il crollo della metafisica nel pensiero filosofico europeo a partire dalla rivoluzione copernicana. Il saggio illustra come a questo cambiamento sia sopraggiunto lo svilupparsi di una nuova sensibilità tecnico-scientifica legata alla physis, cambiamento che vede nella figura del medico il suo massimo esponente. L’articolo mette dunque in luce come nel Doktor Glas il passaggio dalla metafisica alla physis venga rappresentato come un momento di crisi esistenziale, non avendo il medico la capacità di superare il trauma della perdita della metafisica. Quest’incapacità è causata dalla conoscenza, la quale se offre la possibilità di scoprire le menzogne usate dalla società, non consente però di trovare lo stimolo per superare la condizione di vuoto causata dalla “morte di Dio”. Söderberg fornisce dunque nel suo romanzo un’interpretazione pessimistica della crisi di Fin de siècle, inquadrando nella paralisi interiore del dottor Tyko Gabriel Glas e l’omicidio inconcludente del pastore Gregorius il fallimento del passaggio dal paradigma metafisico al paradigma della physis e l’impossibilità di superare la crisi tramite una metamorfosi nella condizione di Übermensch.
'Maschio’ e ‘femmina’ in quechua
Authors: Bongiorno Vito
Published: September 2022

In questo articolo si descrivono e discutono le caratteristiche principali della lingua quechua relative alla distinzione tra ‘maschio’ e ‘femmina’. La prima parte del testo indica il modo in cui il quechua codifica questa distinzione attraverso il lessico, ponendo l’attenzione sui termini di parentela; la seconda parte mostra i sostantivi, aggettivi e verbi indicanti persone, comportamenti e abitudini considerati come tipicamente femminili o maschili. Sia la prima parte che la seconda sono vòlte a evidenziare alcuni fattori di tipo socio-culturale associati alla distinzione linguistica tra genere femminile e maschile.
L'azione poetante di Mario Mieli
Authors: Attisani Antonio
Published: September 2022

Siamo in tanti a ricordare Mario Mieli (1952-1983) a quarant’anni dalla sua morte per suicidio dopo una vita straordinaria che aveva abolito, tra i tanti, anche il confine tra privato e pubblico. Prendendo spunto da una intervista che gli aveva fatto nel 1978 (qui riproposta) e dalla memoria dell’allora “teatro gay” di cui Mieli era uno dei maggiori esponenti, l’autore di queste note propone di pensare alla sua poetica teatrale come un aspetto centrale e altamente significativo della sua biografia e della sua eredità.
Alienazione dell'omosessualità nella società liberale
Authors: Calabrese Samuele
Published: September 2022

In questo articolo si intende analizzare la critica di Mario Mieli al sistema capitalista e in particolare i rapporti individuati tra struttura economica della società e repressione dell’omosessualità. Riprendendo da Marx il concetto di alienazione Mieli ha, infatti, portato avanti per tutta la vita una prospettiva rivoluzionaria, riconoscendo nell’affrancamento dal lavoro alienato un passaggio necessario alla successiva liberazione sessuale. Come sottolineato in questo lavoro, inoltre, la mercificazione dell’omosessualità nella società liberale ha portato Mieli a delle posizioni simili a quelle del situazionista Guy Debord, in particolare nella sua critica alla «società dello spettacolo». Interessante è dunque l’interpretazione mieliana del teatro e del travestitismo, intesi come nuove forme di spettacolo dal basso, capaci di portare avanti una prospettiva di cambiamento etico e liberazione collettiva.
The Executive Power
Authors: Horváth Attila
Published: September 2022

“The executive power is the moving force of a government. It represents, in the political system, that mysterious principle which, in moral man, unites action to the will”. Although more than 200 years have passed since Jacques Necker, the finance minister for Louis XVI, completed his essay on the executive power, his definition still holds in many respects. However, the term ‘executive’ as the name of a branch of government may be misleading. As Vile notes, the executive “gets its name from one of its major functions, that of putting the law into effect”. It goes without saying that the executive means more than just implementing laws passed by the legislature. Although explaining the concept of the executive and enumerating its task would greatly exceed the scope of this chapter, it is worth recalling some thoughts of Mansfield, who claimed in his seminal work on modern executive power that it is the executive power that made the principle of separation of powers workable. In his view, “for executive power, always ready for emergency, ensured that the power of government was not diminished, much less stalemated, when it was separated into three branches”. His volume revolves around the idea of ambivalence of the modern executive: “The beauty of executive power, then, is to be both subordinate and not subordinate, both weak and strong. It can reach where law cannot, and thus supply the defect of law, yet remain subordinate to law”. The chapter unfold as follows (since the current volume devotes a whole chapter to the powers of the heads of state, this chapter focuses on governments): in the first section, we outline the structure of the executive power in the eight examined states. The second section is devoted to the governments as key actors of the executive power, dealing with their status, composition, competencies and formation while paying special attention to the question of responsibility. The third section briefly outlines the territorial level of the executive.