bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction cooperative nanochaperone regulates protein folding
Authors: Wu Xiaohui , Deng Fei , Chen Yujie , Xu Mengchen , Ma Feihe , Shi Linqi
Published: September 2023

Natural molecular chaperones utilize spatially ordered multiple molecular forces to effectively regulate protein folding. However, synthesis of such molecules is a big challenge. The concept of “aggregate science” provides insights to construct chemical entities (aggregates) beyond molecular levels to mimic both the structure and function of natural chaperone. Inspired by this concept, herein we fabricate a novel multi‐interaction (i.e., electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction) cooperative nanochaperone (multi‐co‐nChap) to regulating protein folding. This multi‐co‐nChap is fabricated by rationally introducing electrostatic interactions to the surface (corona) and confined hydrophobic microdomains (shell) of traditional single‐hydrophobic interaction nanochaperone. We demonstrate that the corona electrostatic attraction facilitates the diffusion of clients into the hydrophobic microdomains, while the shell electrostatic interaction balances the capture and release of clients. By finely synergizing corona electrostatic attraction with shell electrostatic repulsion and hydrophobic interaction, the optimized multi‐co‐nChap effectively facilitated de novo folding of nascent polypeptides. Moreover, the synergy between corona electrostatic attraction, shell electrostatic attraction and shell hydrophobic interaction significantly enhanced the capability of multi‐co‐nChap to protect native proteins from denaturation at harsh temperatures. This work provides important insights for understanding and design of nanochaperone, which is a kind of ordered aggregate with chaperone‐like activity that beyond the level of single molecule.
Management of preeclampsia with severe features in a patient with relapsing polychondritis affecting the tracheobronchial tree
Authors: Martín‐Serrano P. , Sarrió‐Badenes E. , Durá‐Aranda M. , Molero‐Sala L.
Published: September 2023

Relapsing polychondritis is a rare disease that affects cartilaginous structures throughout the body. Progressive destruction of the laryngeal structures and the tracheobronchial tree occurs in 50% of patients, potentially leading to loss of patency and collapse of the airway. Respiratory involvement in relapsing polychondritis includes airway stenosis, tracheomalacia and recurrent lung infections due to chronic inflammation caused by the destruction of upper and lower airway cartilage. Pregnancy and preeclampsia can worsen pharyngolaryngeal oedema, while treatment with magnesium sulphate can affect neuromuscular function, exacerbating the degree of airway collapse in the most serious cases of relapsing polychondritis, possibly altering obstetric outcomes. Here, we present the management of a pregnant woman with relapsing polychondritis who presented with features of severe preeclampsia at 29 weeks and 6 days gestation. We believe that this is the first published case of the combination of the two disorders, complicated by acute respiratory failure after treatment with magnesium sulphate.
Utilisation of certification schemes for recycled products in the Australian building and construction sector
Authors: Shooshtarian Salman , Maqsood Tayyab , Wong Peter S. P. , Zaman Atiq , Caldera Savindi , Ryley Tim
Published: September 2023

Recycled product certification (RPC) schemes may prove useful to ensure the desired quality and gain buyer confidence in purchasing products with recycled content (PwRC). RPCs are relatively new to the sector and have not been widely adopted. Hence, this study aims to investigate the implementation of RPC in construction projects using a multiple‐case study approach. The analysis reveals that a large proportion of respondents were unaware of these schemes. The study finds that while a majority favoured RPC application, there were significant variations in responses among stakeholder groups. Moreover, the study identifies six advantages and seven significant barriers associated with the use of RPC in the sector. This study recommends leveraging education and supportive regulation for the effective implementation of RPC. In particular, the policymakers who intend to embed RPC in procurement policies for purchasing PwRC can learn about the identified loopholes and strategies and address them accordingly.
Families of four‐year‐old children experiencing violence: A national survey of parents and public health nurses on help and support
Authors: Leppäkoski Tuija , Vuorenmaa Maaret , Paavilainen Eija
Published: September 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment (CM) – together referred to as family violence (FV) – often co‐occur. In Finland, public health nurses play an important role in identifying FV. They regularly meet families and assess children's health until the child turns seven. This nationwide retrospective cross‐sectional survey (FinChildren) aimed to describe and compare help and support needs in violent families from the perspectives of the parents of four‐year‐old children and public health nurses for advancing families' and professionals' collaboration in preventing FV. The data (N = 7476 families) included the responses of one parent from each family and public health nurses, caring for that certain family. The data analysis encompassed statistical methods. The results showed that 47.0% of the parents reported FV. The public health nurses assessed that 0.7% of the parents would have needed support for CM and 1.3% for IPV. They assessed that the parents involved in FV needed more support for their personal coping (p < 0.001) and intimate relationship (p < 0.017) compared with parents without FV. These parents were also found to have other support needs. We concluded that public health nurses recognise only a fraction of FV occurring in families. Risk assessment tools are needed to enable child and family professionals to better intervene in and prevent FV.
Protect personal, institutional data from cyberattacks
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: September 2023

BOSTON — If your institution falls prey to a cybersecurity attack, it risks not only potential reputational damage and financial loss but also lawsuits claiming breach of contract or failure to comply with privacy policies/laws.
Best practices can help manage complicated legal issues involving fraternities, sororities
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: September 2023

CLEARWATER, FLORIDA — Hazing, defamation claims, due process, Title IX, and new state laws make for a complicated legal relationship between higher education institutions and fraternities and sororities. That's according to Micah E. Kamrass, Esq., Partner at Manley Burke, LPA, and Adjunct Professor of Law at the University of Louisville and Vanderbilt University, who discussed best practices for managing this challenging area during his presentation at Stetson University's National Conference on Law and Higher Education.
Did court reinstate student‐athlete to team?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: September 2023

John Doe was a member of a Haverford College varsity sports team. He became captain of the team during his junior year. In spring 2022, a rumor began to circulate that Doe had sexually assaulted an unnamed female on campus. Two of Doe's teammates reported the allegation to their coach. The coach reported the allegation to the college's Title IX office and instructed Doe to step away from the team until the matter was resolved.
Tinder creates free dating safety guide for colleges
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: September 2023

Tinder, the dating app, has released a guide to help college students stay safe when engaging in online dating. Tinder reported that it sees the highest number of 18‐year‐olds engaging with the app during August and September, when freshman orientation at college and university campuses generally takes place.
Quantification of Phytochemicals and Metal Ions as well as the Determination of Volatile Compounds, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antacid Activities of the Mimosa pudica L. Leaf: Exploration of Neglected and Under‐Utilized Part
Authors: Gandhi Ms. Yashika , Prasad Shyam Baboo , Kumar Vijay , Soni Hemant , Rawat Hemant , Mishra Sujeet K. , Grewal Jyotika , Singh Simranjeet , Charde Vaibhav , Gupta Akhil , Jha Sudhanshu Kumar , Singh Gagandeep , Tandon Smriti , Mrkute Akshada , Ramamurthy Praveen C. , Narasimhaji Ch. Venkata , Singh Arjun , Singh Ravindra , Srikanth Narayan , Acharya Rabinarayan , Webster Thomas J.
Published: September 2023

Mimosa pudica L. (MP) is well‐known plant in traditional medicinal system, especially in India. Unfortunately, leaves of MP are less explored. To determine the food and nutritional value of the neglected part of Mimosa pudica L. (MP), that is MP leaves, phytochemicals and metal ions of MP were quantified by newly developed HPLC and ICPOES‐based methods. The content of phytochemicals observed using HPLC analysis for chlorogenic acid, catechin, and epicatechin was 141.823 (±8.171), 666.621 (±11.432), and 293.175 (±12.743) μg/g, respectively. Using GC/MS/MS analysis, fatty acid like oleic acid were identified. In ICP‐OES analysis, a significant content of Na, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn was observed. The observed TPC and TFC for MP leaf extracts was 44.327 (±1.041) mg GAE/ g of wt. and 214.217 (±4.372) mg QCE/ g of wt., respectively. The DPPH assay depicted a strong antioxidant activity of MP leaf extracts with IC50 values of 0.796 (±0.081) mg/mL and a TEAC value of 0.0356 (±0.0003). A significant antacid activity (666 mg MP+400 mg CaCO3 >400 mg CaCO3 ≫666 mg Gelusil) of MP leaves was noticed. The methanolic extract of MP leaves demonstrated anti‐microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (15±2mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12±2mm) and Escherichia coli (10±2mm). In silico studies confirmed the in vitro results obtained for antioxidant, antiacid, and anti‐microbial activities. In addition, in silico studies revealed the anti‐cancerous and anti‐inflammatory potential of the MP leaves. In summary, this study demonstrated the medicinal significance of MP leaves and the conversion of agro‐waste or the under‐utilized part of MP into pharmaceutical potent materials. Consequently, the present study highlighted that MP leaves alone have medicinal importance with good nutritional utility and possess large promise in the pharma industry along with improving bio‐valorization and the environment.
Phenolic Substitution in Fidaxomicin: A Semisynthetic Approach to Antibiotic Activity Across Species**
Authors: Jung Erik , Kraimps Anastassia , Dittmann Silvia , Griesser Tizian , Costafrolaz Jordan , Mattenberger Yves , Jurt Simon , Viollier Patrick H. , Sander Peter , Sievers Susanne , Gademann Karl
Published: September 2023

Fidaxomicin (Fdx) is a natural product antibiotic with potent activity against Clostridioides difficile and other Gram‐positive bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Only a few Fdx derivatives have been synthesized and examined for their biological activity in the 50 years since its discovery. Fdx has a well‐studied mechanism of action, namely inhibition of the bacterial RNA polymerase. Yet, the targeted organisms harbor different target protein sequences, which poses a challenge for the rational development of new semisynthetic Fdx derivatives. We introduced substituents on the two phenolic hydroxy groups of Fdx and evaluated the resulting trends in antibiotic activity against M. tuberculosis, C. difficile, and the Gram‐negative model organism Caulobacter crescentus. As suggested by the target protein structures, we identified the preferable derivatisation site for each organism. The derivative ortho‐methyl Fdx also exhibited activity against the Gram‐negative C. crescentus wild type, a first for fidaxomicin antibiotics. These insights will guide the synthesis of next‐generation fidaxomicin antibiotics.
Restoration of von Willebrand factor after transcatheter aortic valve replacement—A possible cause for posttranscatheter aortic valve replacement thrombocytopenia?
Authors: Roth Nastasia , Heidel Carolin , Xu Congde , Hubauer Ute , Wallner Stefan , Meindl Christine , Holzamer Andreas , Hilker Michael , Creutzenberg Marcus , Sossalla Samuel , Maier Lars , Jungbauer Carsten , Debl Kurt
Published: September 2023

Objectives

The aim of the current study was to analyze the clinical and procedural predictors of thrombocytopenia and the relationship between the decrease in platelet count (DPC) and change in vWF function (ΔvWF) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Background

TAVR often causes temporary thrombocytopenia. At the same time, TAVR leads to a restoration of von Willebrand factor (vWF) function.

Methods

One hundred and forty‐one patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVR were included in the study. Platelet count and vWF function (vWF:Ac/Ag ratio) were assessed at baseline and 6 h after TAVR. Thrombocytopenia was defined as platelet count <150/nL.

Results

Median platelet count at baseline was 214/nL (interquartile range [IQR]: 176–261) and decreased significantly to 184/nL (IQR: 145–222) 6 h after TAVR. The number of patients with thrombocytopenia increased from 12.8% at baseline to 29.1% after 6 h. DPC 6 h after TAVR showed a significant correlation with ΔvWF (r = − 0.254, p = 0.002). Patients with DPC > 20% had significantly higher ΔvWF (10.9% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.021). Obese patients showed a significantly lower DPC (11.8% vs. 19.9%, p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, ΔvWF 6 h after TAVR was the only significant predictor for DPC > 20% (p = 0.017).

Conclusions

The restoration of vWF after TAVR is a significant predictor for DPC after TAVR. An increased platelet consumption due to vWF restoration could play a key role in the development of thrombocytopenia after TAVR.
Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus with a psoriasiform presentation: A diagnostic clinical conundrum
Authors: Razi Shazli , Truong Thu M. , Sekhon Palveen , Ouellette Samantha , Rao Babar K.
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

For practitioners experiencing worsening psoriasis, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) with a psoriasiform presentation should be ruled out. Initial treatment for a presumptive diagnosis of psoriasis using hydroxychloroquine or ultraviolet phototherapy may cause SCLE to worsen.

Psoriasiform subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus is an unusual presentation scarcely reported in literature. We report a case of a 54‐year‐old man who presented with an itchy, papulosquamous rash of the upper extremities and face for 7 months. The initial physical examination revealed the classical morphology of psoriasis. One and a half years after the diagnosis of clinical worsening, the patient noticed a new papular eruption on the right posterior upper arm. A skin biopsy was performed, confirming a diagnosis of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. This case report highlights the importance of considering rare presentations of cutaneous lupus erythematosus and therapeutic challenges in management.
Listeria peritonitis in a patient on hemodialysis for end‐stage renal disease secondary to lupus nephritis—a case report
Authors: Cox Victor Frederick , Perez‐Albela Alejandro , Ramirez Michael , Commins Ryan
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

Patients with a recent history of peritoneal dialysis catheter removal in the setting of immunosuppression should be monitored for rare Listeria bacterial peritonitis. This infection should be managed with ampicillin and gentamicin.

There are scattered reports to date of patients with peritonitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria peritonitis is more commonly reported in patients with cirrhosis and those receiving peritoneal dialysis. We present a case of L. monocytogenes peritonitis in a patient with end‐stage renal disease due to lupus nephritis actively on hemodialysis months after peritoneal dialysis catheter removal.
Investigation of encapsulation of pancreatic beta cells and curcumin within alginate microcapsules
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Zahra , Alemzadeh Iran , Vossoughi Manouchehr
Published: September 2023

Cell encapsulation is an ideal approach for the replacement of pancreatic function in Type 1 diabetes. Poor biocompatibility of microcapsules generates an inflammatory response in the implantation site and induces fibrosis infiltration, which causes microencapsulated cell death and graft failure. To prevent inflammation after implantation, composite microcapsules that exhibit anti‐inflammatory properties were designed. This study is about encapsulating beta cells and curcumin within 1.5% alginate by the jet‐breaking regime of the syringe pump. The microcapsules’ size distribution and rate of the alginate solution were characterized to find uniform particles. Micro‐size particles were attained at a rate of 25 mL/min. Uniform spherical microcapsules (200–300 μm) were created in large amounts in a short period. Microcapsule breakage was less than 3% during 7 days, which demonstrated the stability of the encapsulation method. Insulin secretion and cell viability assays were performed 1, 3, and 7 days after microencapsulation by glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. No significant differences in the amount of insulin secretion and beta cell viability were observed among free cells, alginate microcapsules, and curcumin‐alginate microcapsules during 7 days (p > 0.05). Therefore, the curcumin and alginate membrane did not show any harmful impacts on the function and survival of the beta cells.
Water‐Soluble Fullerene Monoderivatives for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Biswas Rohin , Batista Da Rocha Cassiana , Bennick Ryan A. , Zhang Jianyuan
Published: September 2023

Monoderivatives of fullerenes functionalized with hydrophilic groups make them water soluble, while preserving the hydrophobic fullerene cage. This class of molecules have intriguing biomedical applications, including drug delivery, photodynamic therapy (PDT), antiviral and antimicrobial activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐scavenging abilities. In this Concept we discuss the synthesis and biomedical applications of water‐soluble fullerene monoderivatives and their biological behavior based on their structures.
Medicinal‐Chemistry‐Driven Approach to 2‐Substituted Benzoxazole–Estradiol Chimeras: Synthesis, Anticancer Activity, and Early ADME Profile
Authors: Kovács Ferenc , Huliák Ildikó , Árva Hédi , Kiricsi Mónika , Erdős Dóra , Kocsis Marianna , Takács Gergely , Balogh György T. , Frank Éva
Published: September 2023

The efficient synthesis of novel estradiol‐based A‐ring‐fused oxazole derivatives, which can be considered as benzoxazole‐steroid domain‐integrated hybrids containing a common benzene structural motif, is described. The target compounds were prepared from steroidal 2‐aminophenol precursors by heterocycle formation or functional group interconversion (FGI) strategies. According to 2D projection‐based t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t‐SNE), the novel molecules were proved to represent a new chemical space among steroid drugs. They were characterized based on critical physicochemical parameters using in silico and experimental data. The performance of the compounds to inhibit cell proliferation was tested on four human cancer cell lines and non‐cancerous cells. Further examinations were performed to reveal IC50 and lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE) values, cancer cell selectivity, and apoptosis‐triggering features. Pharmacological tests and LLE metric revealed that some derivatives, especially the 2‐(4‐ethylpiperazin‐1‐yl)oxazole derivative exhibit strong anticancer activity and trigger the apoptosis of cancer cells with relatively low promiscuity risk similarly to the structurally most closely‐related and intensively studied anticancer agent, 2‐methoxy‐estradiol.
Quantification of Genetic Heterogeneity Using Long‐Read Targeted Individual DNA Molecule Sequencing
Authors: Zhang Yingzi , Chandrasekaran Arun Pandian , Bi Chongwei , Li Mo
Published: September 2023

Understanding genetic heterogeneity is of paramount importance in unraveling the intricate functioning of biological systems, as it contributes to the diversity of phenotypes of gene‐environment interactions. We have developed a method termed targeted Individual DNA Molecule Sequencing (IDMseq) to accurately quantify genetic heterogeneity within cell populations, even those with rare variants present at low frequencies. IDMseq ensures that each original DNA molecule is distinctively represented by one unique molecule identifier (UMI) group, preventing false UMI groups and enabling precise quantification of allele frequency within the original population. IDMseq is a versatile sequencing technique that combines error correction and long‐read sequencing, enabling sensitive detection of various genetic variants, including single nucleotide variants and large structural variants in both basic and clinical research settings. This protocol provides a comprehensive, step‐by‐step guide to preparing samples and performing IDMseq to determine genetic variations. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: UMI labeling and amplification of DNA

Support Protocol 1: AMPure XP beads cleanup

Support Protocol 2: Suggested data analysis pipeline
Comparative study of univariate and multivariate selection strategies based on an integrated approach applied to oilseed rape breeding
Authors: Oghan Hassan Amiri , Bakhshi Behnam , Rameeh Valiollah , Tabrizi Hossein Zeinalzadeh , Faraji Abolfazl , Ghodrati Gholamreza , Fanaei Hamid Reza , Askari Abdolhossein , Kiani Davood , Payghamzadeh Kamal , Sadeghi Hossein , Danaei Amir Khosro , Kazerani Narjes Khatoon , Afrouzi Mohammad Ali Aghajani Nasab , Dalili Alireza
Published: September 2023

Choosing the right method to discover superior genotypes is always one of the major challenges that oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) researchers deal with. This work aimed to compare the univariate and multivariate selection indices utilizing variance‐based, additive main effects and multiplicative interaction based, best linear unbiased prediction based, and genotype × environment/trait based strategies to determine the best‐performing (regarding stability, yield, and agronomic traits) oilseed rape genotypes. Utilized indices were categorized into five general methods, including univariate performance selection index (UPSI: mean performance), univariate stability selection indices (USSIs: environmental variance, Shukla's stability variance, AMMI stability value, modified AMMI stability value, modified AMMI stability index, and weighted average of absolute scores), multivariate performance selection indices (MPSIs: genotype by trait [GT], genotype by yield × trait [GYT], and ideotype‐design index [FAI‐BLUP]), univariate performance and stability selection indices (UPSSIs: coefficient of variability, harmonic mean of genotypic value [HMGV], relative performance of genotypic value [RPGV], WAASBY [WAASB and mean performance {Y}], and genotype + genotype × environment interaction [GGE]), and multivariate performance and stability selection index (MPSSI: MTSI). Data from 18 oilseed rape genotypes and two checks were obtained from trials conducted at eight locations in Iran during two consecutive crop years from 2018 to 2020. The grain yield (GY) and agronomic traits were evaluated. The significant genotype × environment interaction was found for GY and agronomic traits in the combined analysis of variance. In terms of GY, the selection indices GGE, HMGV, and RPGV (6.51), GYT (6.43), GT (5.35), MTSI (4.95), FAI‐BLUP (4.64), and WAASBY (3.97) achieved better‐than‐average genetic gains (GSs). Using an optimized model of USSIs (O‐USSIs), GS increased from −0.15 to 3.26 on average, which shows the efficiency of O‐USSIs in high‐yielding and stable genotypes selection. Based on Spearman's ranking correlation, a positive relationship was found among MPSIs, MPSSI, UPSSIs, and UPSIs, but not for USSIs. Based on an integrated model of selection indices, genotypes G2, G10, G11, G14, and G20 were detected as superior genotypes with high‐yielding, high‐stability, and desirable agronomic traits. It could be concluded that combining different approaches of genotype selection based on an integrated model can provide better answers to oilseed rape breeders.
Self‐adaptive search optimization‐based vehicle path prediction and traffic light controller in vehicular ad hoc network
Authors: Chauhan Shishir Singh , Kumar Dilip
Published: September 2023

In recent days, VANET is considered as the main hopeful equipment in the system of transportation since traffic congestion arises regularly and thus occurred road accidents very easily. Besides, the network traffic is increasing due to the huge quantity of information generated in region of urban. Therefore, one of the primary challenges faced by Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is ensuring the accurate transmission of information in both vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) and vehicle‐to‐road (V2R) sensing unit communications. So, here, an adaptive routing controller (ARC) is utilized to improve the data transmission between vehicle and road sensing unit (RSU) and to minimize the traffic density in VANET, and the self‐adaptive search optimization is developed in VANET clustering to prioritize vehicles in the lane, in which the multi‐objective function is intended depending on the energy of the node, acceleration, jitter, priority, velocity, and trust factors. The traffic light control is done to facilitate the effective communication in the network. Thus, the proposed technique is calculated in terms of throughput, jitter, quadratic mean of acceleration (QMA), and spatially distributed travel time (SDTT), which acquired the values of 0.53 s, 36.07 kmph, 3.472 s, and 43.572%, respectively, while using 50 vehicles at 50 s.
Hydrodynamic metamaterials: Principles, experiments, and applications
Authors: Chen Mengyao , Shen Xiangying , Xu Lei
Published: September 2023

Hydrodynamic metamaterials, a nascent research field, possess immense potential for fluid flow manipulation. With engineered structure design, they offer unparalleled control over fluid behavior beyond the capabilities of conventional methods. In this review, we focus on hydrodynamic metamaterials and provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of this research field. We start by introducing basic theories and principles of hydrodynamic metamaterials and then illustrate the different functions of hydrodynamic metamaterials that have been realized in porous medium flow and Hele‐Shaw flow. Moreover, we also demonstrate the multifunctional metamaterials that have been developed in hydrodynamics. Some research progresses are highlighted due to their promising applications, including drag reduction, microfluidic manipulation, and biological tissue coculture. The review concludes by identifying major challenges and proposing research directions for the future.
Presence of the Eucalyptus snout beetle in Ecuador and potential invasion risk in South America
Authors: Crespo‐Pérez Verónica , Soto‐Centeno J. Angel , Pinto C. Miguel , Avilés Ana , Pruna Washington , Terán Claudia , Barragán Álvaro
Published: September 2023

Eucalyptus snout beetles are a complex of at least eight cryptic species (Curculionidae: Gonipterus scutellatus complex), native to mainland Australia and Tasmania, that defoliate Eucalyptus trees and are considered important pests. Since the 19th century, three species of the complex have been introduced to other continents. Here, we document the presence of Eucalyptus snout beetles in Ecuador. We used DNA data for species identification and unambiguously demonstrated that the Ecuadorian specimens belong to the species Gonipterus platensis, which has low genetic diversity compared with other species in the complex. We analyzed G. platensis' potential distribution in South America with ecological niche models and found several areas of high to intermediate climatic suitability, even in countries where the pest has not been registered, like Peru and Bolivia. Accurate identification of species in the G. scutellatus complex and understanding of their potential distribution are essential tools for improved management and prevention tactics.
Effects of six‐month creatine supplementation on patient‐ and clinician‐reported outcomes, and tissue creatine levels in patients with post‐COVID‐19 fatigue syndrome
Authors: Slankamenac Jelena , Ranisavljev Marijana , Todorovic Nikola , Ostojic Jelena , Stajer Valdemar , Ostojic Sergej M.
Published: September 2023

Dietary creatine has been recently put forward as a possible intervention strategy to reduce post‐COVID‐19 fatigue syndrome yet no clinical study so far evaluated its efficacy and safety for this perplexing condition. In this parallel‐group, randomized placebo‐controlled double‐blind trial, we analyzed the effects of 6‐month creatine supplementation (4 g of creatine monohydrate per day) on various patient‐ and clinician‐reported outcomes, and tissue creatine levels in 12 patients with post‐COVID‐19 fatigue syndrome. Creatine intake induced a significant increase in tissue creatine levels in vastus medialis muscle and right parietal white matter compared to the baseline values at both 3‐month and 6‐month follow‐ups (p < .05). Two‐way analysis of variance with repeated measures revealed a significant difference (treatment vs. time interaction) between interventions in tissue creatine levels (p < .05), with the creatine group was superior to placebo to augment creatine levels at vastus medialis muscle, left frontal white matter, and right parietal white matter. Creatine supplementation induced a significant reduction in general fatigue after 3 months of intake compared to baseline values (p = .04), and significantly improved scores for several post‐COVID‐19 fatigue syndrome‐related symptoms (e.g., ageusia, breathing difficulties, body aches, headache, and difficulties concentrating) at 6‐month follow‐up (p < .05). Taking creatine for 6 months appears to improve tissue bioenergetics and attenuate clinical features of post‐COVID‐19 fatigue syndrome; additional studies are warranted to confirm our findings in various post‐COVID‐19 cohorts.
Current perspective on biological properties of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and dysfunction in gut
Authors: Guo Xueran , He Chengwei , Xin Shuzi , Gao Han , Wang Boya , Liu Xiaohui , Zhang Sitian , Gong Fengrong , Yu Xinyi , Pan Luming , Sun Fangling , Xu Jingdong
Published: September 2023

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), a subtype of DC, possess unique developmental, morphological, and functional traits that have sparked much debate over the years whether they should be categorized as DCs. The digestive system has the greatest mucosal tissue overall, and the pDC therein is responsible for shaping the adaptive and innate immunity of the gastrointestinal tract, resisting pathogen invasion through generating type I interferons, presenting antigens, and participating in immunological responses. Therefore, its alleged importance in the gut has received a lot of attention in recent years, and a fresh functional overview is still required. Here, we summarize the current understanding of mouse and human pDCs, ranging from their formation and different qualities compared with related cell types to their functional characteristics in intestinal disorders, including colon cancer, infections, autoimmune diseases, and intestinal graft‐versus‐host disease. The purpose of this review is to convey our insights, demonstrate the limits of existing research, and lay a theoretical foundation for the rational development and use of pDCs in future clinical practice.
Telomere dysfunction in Tert knockout mice delays BrafV600E‐induced melanoma development
Authors: Zhang Jinglong , Zhang Fan , Porter Kenneth I. , Dakup Panshak P. , Wang Shuwen , Robertson Gavin P. , Gaddameedhi Shobhan , Zhu Jiyue
Published: September 2023

Telomerase activation is a crucial step in melanomagenesis, often occurring because of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)‐induced mutations at the telomerase gene (TERT) promoter and rendering TERT transcription in response to the activated Raf‐MAP kinase pathway by BRAFV600E mutation. Due to the excessively long telomeres in mice, this process does not occur during melanomagenesis in mouse models. To investigate the impact of telomere dysfunction on melanomagenesis, BrafV600E was induced in generations 1 and 4 (G1 and G4) of Tert−/− mice. Our findings revealed that, regardless of UVR exposure, melanoma development was delayed in G4 mice, which had shorter telomeres compared to G1 and wild‐type C57BL/6J (G0) mice. Moreover, many G4 tumors displayed an accumulation of excessive DNA damage, as evidenced by increased γH2A.X staining. Tumors from UVR‐exposed mice exhibited elevated p53 protein expression. Cultured tumor cells isolated from G4 mice displayed abundant chromosomal fusions and rearrangements, indicative of telomere dysfunction in these cells. Additionally, tumor cells derived from UVB‐exposed mice exhibited constitutively elevated expression of mutant p53 proteins, suggesting that p53 was a target of UVB‐induced mutagenesis. Taken together, our findings suggest that telomere dysfunction hampers melanomagenesis, and targeting telomere crisis‐mediated genomic instability may hold promise for the prevention and treatment of melanoma.
Psychological variables linked to hesitation toward vaccination against COVID‐19 among late adolescents and young adults: The role of magical thinking and right‐wing authoritarianism
Authors: Pace Ugo , Buzzai Caterina , Passanisi Alessia
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Several studies on the predisposition to be subjected to vaccination have shown that vaccine hesitation is a global phenomenon influenced by a lack of knowledge and awareness, as well as perceived risks and benefits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of right‐wing authoritarianism in the relationship between magical thinking and positive attitudes toward COVID‐19 vaccines (i.e. trust of vaccine benefits, worries over unforeseen future effects, concerns about commercial profits, preference for natural immunity).

Method

The sample consisted of 201 Italian young adults, 49 males (24.4%), and 152 females (75.6%), aged between 18 and 25. Data were collected during 2022.

Results

The results confirmed the role of right‐wing authoritarianism as a mediator for magical thinking on positive vaccine attitudes. Findings indicated a positive association between right‐wing authoritarianism and magical thinking and a negative relationship of both the aforementioned variables on positive vaccine attitudes. SEM analyses showed a direct positive association from magical thinking to right‐wing authoritarianism and a direct negative association from right‐wing authoritarianism to trust of vaccine benefits, to low worries over unforeseen future effects, to lack of concerns about commercial profits and to low preference for natural immunity.

Conclusions

The findings highlight that common contribution of odd or magical beliefs and right‐wing authoritarianism may slow the spread of vaccines among late adolescents and young adults. Our findings provide insight on what effective communication with vaccine‐resistant individuals should look like in order to increase the chances of reaching vaccine‐hesitant individuals.
Mind over minutes: The effect of task duration consideration on task delay
Authors: YoungJin Chun Libby , Lembregts Christophe , Van den Bergh Bram
Published: September 2023

Would highlighting that a customer review can be completed in 3 min influence a customer's decision to either promptly submit their review or delay it, with the potential risk of forgetting it altogether? Despite the popular approach of using task duration to mitigate task delay, the empirical support for this method is scant. This study investigates the effect of considering task duration (i.e., how long a task may take) on task delay (i.e., postponing the task until later). Across four studies, we demonstrate that making task duration salient decreases the likelihood of postponing a short task that can be achieved in one sitting. This effect occurs because considering task duration strengthens the implemental mindset, but only when task duration information is more evaluable. The findings of this paper suggest an easily implementable method that could customer engagement. Finally, we propose a set of promising avenues for future research.
Treatment deferral for elevated blood pressure at a dental school clinic
Authors: Nath Sapna , Jiang Tien , Barrow Jane , Simon Lisa
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Current guidelines by the American Dental Association (ADA) recommend deferral of elective dental care for elevated blood pressure. However, it is unknown how frequently this impacts dental treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate rates of asymptomatic hypertension and treatment deferral at a dental school clinic.

Methods

This was a retrospective study with data extracted from a chart review of all patients presenting for care at a dental school teaching practice. Differences in dental procedures, the time between visits, and the number of antihypertensive medications were calculated between patients with and without a blood pressure reading exceeding current guidelines for elective treatment.

Results

Among 26,821 individuals, 1265 had a visit with elevated blood pressure. Blood pressure readings at the next visit were significantly lower (systolic blood pressure 137 [95% confidence interval {CI} 135–138] mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 82 [95% CI 81–83 mmHg], p < 0.001), although only 24 patients reported taking a new medication. Only 4.1% of these patients had a procedure deferred; for those that did, the average intervisit time was 88.2 days (95% CI 77.7–98.7 days).

Conclusions

The majority of patients with blood pressure readings exceeding current ADA recommendations for treatment were treated without evidence of harm. Patients were also unlikely to return to the clinic with new medications for blood pressure after a visit with an elevated blood pressure reading. Oral health providers must weigh the risks and benefits of care deferral and can consider an expanded role in hypertension management in dental settings when caring for patients with elevated blood pressure.
Fast and efficient inversion methods for crack sizing using Bz magnetic signature
Authors: Barrarat Fatima , Bensaid Samir , Rayane Karim , Helifa Bachir , Lefkaier Iben Khaldoun , Zorig Assam
Published: September 2023

Fast estimation is a critical feature of the proposed modeling approach as a “forward” fast solver that has a key role in solving the “inverse” problem involved in crack sizing, especially for real‐time applications. To this end, two different inversion methods have been proposed to estimate the crack depth. The first one uses an interpolation model of the 3D direct model simulation data. The second approach is based on artificial neural networks (ANN). In this article, the rotating uniform eddy current (RUEC) probe is used to detect the normal magnetic component Bz which is defined as the characteristic signal for reconstructing the crack length and depth concurrently. Using the first approach, The Bz characteristic 3D surface is presented, and this can be modeled by a fitted polynomial interpolation equation. Thus, the crack depth can be inverted using this equation referring to the experimental or simulated Bz signal and the crack length. The ANN is outlined to determine the crack depth based on the simulated Bz signature. The move from the first inversion method to the second was flexible and useful, in which the interpolation model is used as a defect signal generator for fast building of a large and efficient database for ANN training. Both of the proposed methods proved the objectivity and accuracy of the inversion results and offered more robust engineering support for automated NDT, reducing production time and increasing productivity.
Diagnosing the relationship between the Madden–Julian Oscillation and United States severe convective weather outbreaks
Authors: McCormick Andrew , Mercer Andrew E. , Brown Michael E. , Fuhrmann Christopher M.
Published: September 2023

The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the leading intraseasonal mode of tropical variability and has been connected to influences in extratropical weather. Recently, the MJO has been gaining traction as a useful teleconnection for extending severe weather outbreak forecast lead time. However, the MJO's intraseasonal, planetary‐scale is far from the meso‐ or micro‐scale severe weather phenomena, making identifying links between the two more difficult. In our study, we use severe weather outbreaks comprising all three main hazards (wind, hail and tornadoes), which are typically linked to a synoptic‐scale system. Outbreaks are devised using kernel density estimation and were used to determine spatial shifts for each of the eight phases of the MJO in each month. A total of 15 months/phases indicated a significant spatial shift. In the spring and summer months (March–August), southerly shifts are more likely to occur in MJO phases 7–8 and 1–3, while northerly shifts are more likely in phases 4–6. In the cool season (September–February), only 3 month/phase groups indicated significant shifts, two shifting west and one north. Composite analysis showed the likely link between the MJO and these outbreak shifts was rooted in Rossby wave breaking and generation of a Rossby wave source induced by the barotropic vorticity advection from the MJO convection. These resulting wave breaks and wave trains led to changes in the storm track (amplitude and location) that resulted in a more favourable synoptic‐scale pattern for severe weather over the United States that deviated from the climatologically favourable region.
APOD acts on fibroblast‐like synoviocyte and chondrocyte to alleviate the process of osteoarthritis in vitro
Authors: Xu Wenbo , Gu Shoubin , Zhang Gang , Wang Ren , Lv Songcen , Yan Jinglong , Qin Yong
Published: September 2023

The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) is still unclear, leading to the lack of targeted treatment. We aimed to probe into the effect of apolipoprotein D (APOD), the key gene from our previous study through bioinformatics analysis, on fibroblast‐like synoviocyte (FLS) and chondrocytes in vitro to confirm its potential roles on the delay of OA progression. Primary FLS and chondrocytes were extracted from synovium and cartilage of OA patients and stimulated with interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) in vitro. After APOD intervention, viability and proliferation of FLS and chondrocytes were detected. Subsequently, the inflammatory factors of the two cells were detected by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and western blot, and the apoptosis and autophagy‐related substances were determined at the same time. Finally, the oxidation level in FLS and chondrocytes were detected. APOD reversed the change of gene expression stimulated by IL‐1β in FLS and chondrocytes. APOD alleviated the proliferation of FLS while promoted proliferation of chondrocytes, and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors. Moreover, APOD promoted apoptosis of FLS and autography of chondrocytes, while reduced apoptosis of chondrocytes. Finally, decrease level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both cells were observed after APOD intervention, as well as the increased expression of antioxidant‐related genes. APOD had effects on the proliferation of FLS and chondrocytes through apoptosis and autography as well as the reduction of oxidative stress, delaying the progress of OA.
Development of an express method for measuring soil nitrate, phosphate, potassium, and pH for future in‐field application
Authors: Najdenko Elena , Lorenz Frank , Olfs Hans‐Werner , Dittert Klaus
Published: September 2023

Background

In practical farming, there is often a need for short‐term availability of information on the soil nutrient status.

Aims

To develop a new express method for the extraction of major plant‐available nutrients and measurement of soil nutrients. In future, this method shall serve for in‐field measurements of soil samples with an ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistor (ISFET).

Methods

Various extraction conditions such as type of extractant, soil‐to‐solution ratio, time, and intensity were investigated on a broad selection of dried soil samples in the laboratory. Based on 83 field‐moist soil samples with varying clay contents, these conditions were compared to standard laboratory methods.

Results

With increasing extraction time, the nutrient concentrations increased. When the soil‐to‐solution ratio was reduced, a greater share of nutrients was extracted, independent of soil type. H2O and 0.01 M CaCl2 and standard calcium‐acetate‐lactate (CAL) solution proved to be too weak in the short period to reach the ISFET sensor measurement range. Higher concentrated CAL solutions performed much better. Finally, a 5‐min CaCl2 extraction followed by the removal of an aliquot for the determination of soil pH and NO3− was found to be effective. The remaining solution was then mixed with 0.20 M CAL solution for the analysis of H2PO4− and K+ at 10 min of extra extraction time. This extraction method showed very good correlations with the values based on the German laboratory reference methods for pH (R2 = 0.91) and for nitrate (R2 = 0.95). For phosphorus and potassium, we obtained an R2 of 0.70 and 0.81, respectively, for all soils. When soils were grouped according to clay content higher correlations were found.

Conclusions

A new express method based on a wet‐chemical approach with a soil preparation procedure was successfully developed and validated. This seems to be a valuable basis for future in‐field measurements via ISFET.
Consumed from within? Social and ecological drivers of internal clearings in Ethiopian Orthodox church forests
Authors: Zebrowski Wesley M. , Reynolds Travis W.
Published: September 2023

In a largely deforested landscape, thousands of small pockets of indigenous forest remain in Ethiopia's northern highlands. These “church forests” are maintained by Ethiopian Orthodox church communities, and they provide valuable reserves of indigenous species diversity and ecosystem services. However, there are important trade‐offs between the different ecosystem services church forests provide: the size of community‐made clearings within church forests used for prayer and other church services have to be balanced with services derived from intact forest cover and dense vegetation. This research uses a spatial, social–ecological model to examine patterns in church forest size and vegetation density across 2743 church forests in the Amhara Region. Results suggest that larger internal clearings correlate with larger forest area, and clearings also scale with population size. We also find that greater elevation and distance to population centers are associated with higher church forest density, while greater community wealth is associated with reduced forest density and area. These trends initially suggest that internal clearings can support conservation efforts, but they are nuanced by prevalent non‐native Eucalyptus planting and increasing internal deforestation for graveyard space for wealthier communities. Additionally, we find that internal clearings are an important source of omitted variable bias in estimating the relationship between density and area in church forests. As a consequence, incorporating church clearings into social–ecological models leads to meaningful differences in church forest density and area estimates. Ultimately, this study suggests that church forests in Ethiopia may be sustained rather than consumed from within.