bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability of Wearable Sensors for Assessing Gait and Chair Stand Function at Home in People With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Rose Michael J. , Neogi Tuhina , Friscia Brian , Torabian Kaveh A. , LaValley Michael P. , Gheller Mary , Adamowicz Lukas , Georgiev Pirinka , Viktrup Lars , Demanuele Charmaine , Wacnik Paul W. , Kumar Deepak
Published: February 2023

Objective

To assess the reliability of wearable sensors for at‐home assessment of walking and chair stand activities in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Baseline data from participants with knee OA (n = 20) enrolled in a clinical trial of an exercise intervention were used. Participants completed an in‐person laboratory visit and a video conference–enabled at‐home visit. In both visits, participants performed walking and chair stand tasks while fitted with 3 inertial sensors. During the at‐home visit, participants self‐donned the sensors and completed 2 sets of acquisitions separated by a 15‐minute break, when they removed and redonned the sensors. Participants completed a survey on their experience with the at‐home visit. During the laboratory visit, researchers placed the sensors on the participants. Spatiotemporal metrics of walking gait and chair stand duration were extracted from the sensor data. We used intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and the Bland‐Altman plot for statistical analyses.

Results

For test–retest reliability during the at‐home visit, all ICCs were good to excellent (0.85–0.95). For agreement between at‐home and laboratory visits, ICCs were moderate to good (0.59–0.87). Systematic differences were noted between at‐home and laboratory data due to faster task speed during the laboratory visits. Participants reported a favorable experience during the at‐home visit.

Conclusion

Our method of estimating spatiotemporal gait measures and chair stand duration function remotely was reliable, feasible, and acceptable in people with knee OA. Wearable sensors could be used to remotely assess walking and chair stand in participant's natural environments in future studies.
Laser‐Induced Carbonization for Anticounterfeiting Tags
Authors: Gandla Srinivas , Moon Changgyun , Baek Seungho , Park Hogun , Kim Sunkook
Published: February 2023

The counterfeiting of products is a serious concern for any nation with the increasing activity of counterfeit markets. Anticounterfeiting tags demand low‐cost, unclonable, facile, and ultrafast manufacturing processes. In this study, a laser‐induced carbonization (LIC) technique is employed to produce discrete sizes of LIC spots distributed randomly in an array fashion, as a tag, preferably on a laser wavelength‐sensitive polyimide (PI) film. This technique enables the intrinsic creation of LIC spots in PI without any foreign functional materials, thus avoiding the need for external material. Owing to laser technology, based on the input design and laser processing parameters, the reconfigurable desired output tags can be accomplished in a very short time. Different forms of LIC spots in an optical image are grouped and sorted into three‐level bits based on their sizes and brightness for digitalization. The unique LIC‐based tags can be applied to the flexible printed circuit board industry to address counterfeiting.
Electromechanics of Domain Walls in Uniaxial Ferroelectrics
Authors: Lu Haidong , Tan Yueze , Richarz Leonie , He Jiali , Wang Bo , Meier Dennis , Chen Long‐Qing , Gruverman Alexei
Published: February 2023

Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is used for investigation of the electromechanical behavior of the head‐to‐head (H‐H) and tail‐to‐tail (T‐T) domain walls on the non‐polar surfaces of three uniaxial ferroelectric materials with different crystal structures: LiNbO3, Pb5Ge3O11, and ErMnO3. It is shown that, contrary to the common expectation that the domain walls should not exhibit any PFM response on the non‐polar surface, an out‐of‐plane deformation of the crystal at the H‐H and T‐T domain walls occurs even in the absence of the out‐of‐plane polarization component due to a specific form of the piezoelectric tensor. In spite of their different symmetry, in all studied materials, the dominant contribution comes from the counteracting shear strains on both sides of the H‐H and T‐T domain walls. The finite element analysis approach that takes into account a contribution of all elements in the piezoelectric tensor, is applicable to any ferroelectric material and can be instrumental for getting a new insight into the coupling between the electromechanical and electronic properties of the charged ferroelectric domain walls.
Near‐Infrared Light‐Driven Mesoporous SiO2/Au Nanomotors for Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm
Authors: Maric Tijana , Løvind Amalie , Zhang Zhongyang , Geng Jiayue , Boisen Anja
Published: February 2023

Bacterial biofilms are linked to several diseases and cause resistant and chronic infections in immune‐compromised patients. Nanomotors comprise a new field of research showing a great promise within biomedicine but pose challenges in terms of biocompatibility. Nanomotors propelled by thermophoresis could overcome this challenge, as they leave no waste product during propulsion. In this study, mesoporous‐silica nanoparticles are coated with a thin layer of gold to make nanomotors, which can be driven by near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation. The prepared mesoporous SiO2‐Au nanomotors exhibit efficient self‐propulsion when exposed to NIR irradiation, they penetrate deep through a biofilm matrix, and disperse the biofilm in situ due to the photothermal effect on the Au part of the nanomotors. The velocities of such nanomotors are investigated at different wavelengths and laser powers. Furthermore, the study examines the ability of these nanomotors to eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) biofilm under NIR light irradiation. The conducted study shows that the nanomotor's velocity increases with increasing laser power. The mesoporous SiO2/Au nanomotors show excellent capabilities to eradicate P. aeruginosa biofilms even under short (30 s–3 min) irradiation time. This study shows great promise for overcoming the challenges related to bacterial biofilm eradication.
Printable Epsilon‐Type Structure Transistor Arrays with Highly Reliable Physical Unclonable Functions
Authors: Wang Rui , Liang Kun , Wang Saisai , Cao Yaxiong , Xin Yuhan , Peng Yaqian , Ma Xiaohua , Zhu Bowen , Wang Hong , Hao Yue
Published: February 2023

Printed electronics promises to drive the future data‐intensive technologies, with its potential to fabricate novel devices over a large area with low cost on nontraditional substrates. In these emerging technologies, there exists a large digital information flow, which requires secure communication and authentication. Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) offer a promising built‐in hardware‐security system comparable to biometrical data, which can be constructed by device‐specific intrinsic variations in the additive manufacturing process of active devices. However, printed PUFs typically exploit the inherent variation in layer thickness and roughness of active devices. The current in devices with enough significant changes to increase the robustness to external environment noise is still a challenge. Here, printable epsilon‐type‐structure indium tin oxide transistor arrays are demonstrated to construct high‐reliability PUFs by modifying the coffee‐ring structure. The epsilon‐type structure improves the printing scalability, film quality, and device reliability. Furthermore, the print‐induced uncertainty along the channel thickness and length can lead to changes in the carrier concentration. Notably, the randomly distributed printing droplets in a small area significantly increase this uncertainty. As a result, the PUFs exhibit near‐ideal uniformity, uniqueness, randomness, and reliability. Additionally, the PUFs are resilient against machine‐learning‐based attacks with a prediction accuracy of only 55% without postprocessing.
Optimizing the Fermi Level of a 3D Current Collector with Ni3S2/Ni3P Heterostructure for Dendrite‐Free Sodium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Huang Huijuan , Wang Yunlei , Li Menghao , Yang Hai , Chen Zhihao , Jiang Yang , Ye Shufen , Yang Yaxiong , He Shengnan , Pan Hongge , Wu Xiaojun , Yao Yu , Gu Meng , Yu Yan
Published: February 2023

Rechargeable sodium‐metal batteries (RSMBs) with high energy density and low cost are attracting extensive attention as promising energy‐storage technologies. However, the poor cyclability and safety issues caused by unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) structure and dendrite issues limit their practical application. Herein, it is theoretically predicted that constructing the Ni3S2/Ni3P heterostructure with high work function can lower the Fermi energy level, and therefore effectively suppressing continuous electrolyte decomposition derived from the electron‐tunneling effect after long‐term sodiation process. Furthermore, the Ni3S2/Ni3P heterostructure on 3D porous nickel foam (Ni3S2/Ni3P@NF) is experimentally fabricated as an advanced Na‐anode current collector. The seamless Ni3S2/Ni3P heterostructure not only offers abundant active sites to induce uniform Na+ deposition and enhance ion‐transport kinetics, but also facilitates the formation of stable SEI for dendrite‐free sodium anode, which are confirmed by cryogenic components transmission electron microscopy tests and in situ spectroscopy characterization. As a result, the Na‐composite anode (Ni3S2/Ni3P@NF@Na) delivers stable plating/stripping process of 5000 h and high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7% over 2500 cycles. More impressively, the assembled sodium‐ion full cell displays ultralong cycle life of 10 000 cycles at 20 C. The strategy of stabilizing the sodium‐metal anode gives fundamental insight into the potential construction of advanced RSMBs.
Covalent Organic Frameworks for Capacitive Energy Storage: Recent Progress and Technological Challenges
Authors: Wang Zhuyu , Wang Chaojun , Chen Yuan , Wei Li
Published: February 2023

Covalent‐organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging organic crystalline materials with a porous framework that extends into two or three dimensions. Originating from their versatile and rigorous synthesis conditions, COFs have abundant and tunable pores, large and easily accessible surfaces, and plenty of redox‐active sites, making them promising material candidates for various energy storage applications. One important area is to serve as capacitive electrode materials in supercapacitors. This review provides a timely and comprehensive summary of the recent progress in the design and synthesis of COF‐based or COF‐derived materials for capacitive energy storage applications. The review starts with a brief introduction to COFs’ structural features and synthesis methods. Next, recently reported literature is categorized and introduced following their different energy storage mechanisms and material assembly or treatment approaches. Finally, the existing challenges and future directions for realizing practical COF‐based supercapacitors are discussed.
Iron Single‐Atom Catalysts on MXenes for Ultrasensitive Monitoring of Adrenal Tumor Markers and Cellular Dopamine
Authors: Shetty Saptami Suresh , El‐Demellawi Jehad K. , Khan Yusuf , Hedhili Mohamed N. , Arul P. , Mani Veerappan , Alshareef Husam N. , Salama Khaled Nabil
Published: February 2023

Neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma are the most prevalent malignancies of the adrenal medulla. They are currently diagnosed by measuring urinary catecholamines using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, which is expensive, bulky, and tedious. Electrochemical detectors stand out as low‐cost alternatives; however, further development of functional materials with adequate sensitivity is still required to attain clinically useful diagnostic devices. Here, Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets stabilized with iron single‐atom catalysts (Fe‐SACs), anchored on the surface, are synthesized and utilized as efficient electrocatalysts for the determination of catecholamine (dopamine (DA)) and its end‐products (vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA)). The Fe‐SACs/Ti3C2Tx exhibits low oxidation overpotentials with high signal amplifications up to 610%, 290%, and 420%, and sensitive detection limits of 1.0, 5.0, and 10 nM for DA, VMA, and HVA, respectively. The presence of the atomic Fe elements on the Ti3C2Tx nanosheets is confirmed using high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Fe‐SACs/Ti3C2Tx sensor tracks the in situ production of DA in PC12 cells and found practically useful in analyzing human urine samples. The Fe‐SACs/Ti3C2Tx stands out as a sensitive diagnostic platform for evaluating the progression of tumors and the quality of cellular DA communications
High‐Temperature Thermoelectricity in Narrow‐Gap Semiconductor SmS with Strong Electron‐Hole Asymmetry
Authors: Liao Huijun , Zhou Zizhen , Zheng Sikang , Huang Yuling , Han Guang , Wang Guoyu , Huang Zhengyong , Lu Xu , Li Jian , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: February 2023

High‐temperature thermoelectric (TE) materials are common wide‐gap semiconductors that are used in order to prevent the bipolar effect. Here, a potential high‐temperature n‐type TE material SmS with a simple NaCl structure that demonstrates a narrow band gap of ≈0.25 eV is reported. As expected, a temperature‐dependent carrier concertation is observed, which is attributed to the thermal activation of electrons from valence band edge to conduction band. Interestingly, the intrinsic activation does not cause any sign of a bipolar effect. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the phenomenon originates from the strong electron‐hole asymmetry in the electronic structure and the electron‐to‐hole conductivity ratio is as high as 700–900. As a result, the activated minority carriers barely participate in the TE transport and the maximum power factor reaches 1.41 mW K−2 m−1 at 1123 K. By further alloying with Se to reduce lattice thermal conductivity, a peak zT of ≈1.1 is obtained in Sm1.08S0.78Se0.22 at 1123 K, which is among the best n‐type high‐temperature thermoelectrics. This study proves high‐temperature TE materials can be found in narrow‐gap semiconductors, which significantly enriches the scope of possibilities for novel TE materials.
Decoration of NiFe‐LDH Nanodots Endows Lower Fe‐d Band Center of Fe1‐N‐C Hollow Nanorods as Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts with Small Overpotential Gap
Authors: Liu Zheng‐Qi , Liang Xiongyi , Ma Fei‐Xiang , Xiong Yu‐Xuan , Zhang Guobin , Chen Guanhua , Zhen Liang , Xu Cheng‐Yan
Published: February 2023

Single‐atom Fe‐N‐C (denoted as Fe1‐N‐C) catalysts exhibit inadequate bifunctional activities to conquer the sluggish oxygen reduction and evolution reaction (ORR/OER), hindering their practical applications in rechargeable Zn‐air batteries (ZABs). Here, by employing Fe1‐N‐C hollow nanorods as ORR‐active support, OER‐active NiFe‐layered double hydroxide (NiFe‐LDH) nanodots are evenly decorated through a spatially confined process to form NiFe‐LDH/Fe1‐N‐C heterostructure hollow nanorods with abundant accessible catalytic sites. The NiFe‐LDH/Fe1‐N‐C heterostructure not only enhances the ORR activity of pristine Fe1‐N‐C but also realizes efficient bifunctional ORR/OER activity in one monolithic catalyst. Theoretical calculations reveal that introducing NiFe‐LDH nanodots results in donation of electrons to the Fe1‐N‐C matrix and thus lowers the Fe‐d band center of the Fe‐N4 sites, dramatically narrowing the energy barriers of the ORR rate‐limiting steps. As a result, NiFe‐LDH/Fe1‐N‐C nanorods deliver remarkable ORR activity with a half‐wave potential of 0.90 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, surpassing bare Fe1‐N‐C and commercial Pt/C. Impressively, the integrated NiFe‐LDH/Fe1‐N‐C catalysts show outstanding bifunctional performance with a small overpotential gap of only 0.65 V. The liquid‐state ZABs with NiFe‐LDH/Fe1‐N‐C as an air‐cathode catalyst deliver a peak power density of 205 mW cm−2 and long‐term cycling stability of up to 400 h.
Long‐term risk of a fatty liver in liver donors
Authors: Goto Ryoichi , Kawamura Norio , Watanabe Masaaki , Ganchiku Yoshikazu , Nagatsu Akihisa , Okada Kazufumi , Ito Yoichi M. , Kamiyama Toshiya , Shimamura Tsuyoshi , Taketomi Akinobu
Published: February 2023

Aim

Approximately 30 years have passed since the first experience of living donor liver transplantation. The time to evaluate the long‐term safety of living donors has been fulfilled. Meanwhile, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is increasingly common and a critical problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of living donor, focusing on fatty liver postdonation hepatectomy.

Methods

Living donors (n = 212, 1997–2019) were evaluated by computed tomography (CT) at >1‐year postdonation. A liver to spleen (L/S) ratio of <1.1 was defined as fatty liver.

Results

Among 212 living liver donors, 30 (14.2%) detected fatty liver at 5.3 ± 4.2 years postdonation. The cumulative incidence rates of fatty liver were 3.1%, 12.1%, 22.1%, and 27.7% at 2, 5, 10, and 15 years postdonation, respectively. Of 30 subjects who developed fatty liver, 18 (60%) displayed a severe steatosis (L/S ratio <0.9). Five (16.7%) had a prior history of excessive alcohol abuse. More than 30% developed metabolic syndrome including obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. Although six (20%) had a Fib‐4 index of >1.3, which included a case with a Fib‐4 index of >2.67, no significant increased Fib‐4 index was observed in the subjects with fatty liver as compared to those without fatty liver (p = 0.66). The independent predictive risk factors for developing fatty liver were male sex, pediatric recipient, and higher body mass index (>25) at donation.

Conclusion

Living donors with risk factors for developing fatty liver should be carefully followed‐up for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Direct Expeditious Photochemical Construction of Spirocyclic‐Oxindoles
Authors: Borah Biplob , Sharma Samrita , Chowhan L. Raju
Published: February 2023

Spirocyclic compounds, particularly spirooxindoles that comprise a tetrahedral sp3‐hybridized carbon atom at the C‐3 position of an orthogonally shaped bicyclic structure have recently received increasing attention in drug discovery and development, besides their major potential in natural products and synthetic organic chemistry. They are found to be the major structural constituents of many alkaloids, and key active building blocks for the construction of various pharmaceutically significant molecules. On the other hand, with the increasing awareness of people about protecting their health and the living environment from the pollution caused by chemical laboratories and industry, the development of a synthetic method that provides alternatives to the traditional one by introducing atom economical sustainable processes is of scientifically and technically demanding but challenging. To address these concerns and inspired by the natural photosynthesis process, recently visible light‐induced chemistry appears to be a highly economic, sustainable, and alternative approach to organic synthesis. The present mini‐review aims to highlight the recent progress accomplished in the straightforward construction of spirooxindoles accelerated by visible light irradiation from the period of 2015 to date. Besides reviewing the advantages achieved in this field, we also attempt to find out the drawback, mechanistic rationalization, and scopes of future applications.
Reversible Markierung in lebenden Zellen mit retro‐konstruierten HaloTags ermöglicht hoch‐ und superauflösende Langzeitbildgebung
Authors: Holtmannspötter Michael , Wienbeuker Eike , Dellmann Timo , Watrinet Isabelle , Garcia‐Sáez Ana J. , Johnsson Kai , Kurre Rainer , Piehler Jacob
Published: February 2023

Selbstmarkierende Enzyme (SME) wie der HaloTag haben sich als leistungsstarke Werkzeuge in der hoch‐ und superauflösenden Fluoreszenzmikroskopie erwiesen. Neu entwickelte fluorogene SME‐Substrate ermöglichen die Bildgebung in Gegenwart von überschüssigem Farbstoff. Um diese Eigenschaft für die reversible Markierung zu nutzen, haben wir zwei Varianten von HaloTag7 mit wiederhergestellter Dehalogenase‐Aktivität entwickelt. Kinetische Studien in vitro zeigten unterschiedliche Umsatzkinetiken für reHaloTagS (≈0.006 s−1) und reHaloTagF (≈0.055 s−1). Die Bildgebung mittels konfokaler und Stimulated Emission Depletion Mikroskopie ergab eine drei‐ bis fünffach erhöhte Photostabilität der reHaloTag‐Markierung. Die Abbildung einzelner Moleküle mit reHaloTags ermöglichte eine kontrollierte und stabile Markierungsdichte über längere Zeiträume. Durch die Kombination mit strukturierter Beleuchtung wurde die gleichzeitige Visualisierung von Einzelmoleküldiffusion und organellarer Dynamik erreicht. Diese Anwendungen verdeutlichen das Potenzial der reHaloTag‐Markierung um die Grenzen fortschrittlicher Fluoreszenzmikroskopie‐techniken zu erweitern.
Kupfer(I) Photokatalysierte Bromnitroalkylierung von Olefinen: Hinweise für effizienten Inner‐Sphären Mechanismus
Authors: Reichle Alexander , Koch Magdalena , Sterzel Hannes , Großkopf Lea‐Joy , Floss Johannes , Rehbein Julia , Reiser Oliver
Published: February 2023

Wir berichten eine durch sichtbares Licht kupferkatalysierte vicinale Difunktionalisierung von Olefinen unter Verwendung von Bromnitroalkanen als ATRA‐Reagenzien. Dieses Protokoll zeichnet sich durch hohe Ausbeuten und schnelle Reaktionszeiten unter umweltfreundlichen Reaktionsbedingungen mit außergewöhnlich breitem Substratspektrum aus. Darüber ist die Funktionalisierung biologisch aktiver Moleküle und das Skalieren auf Grammmengen möglich, was vielfältige Möglichkeiten für weitere Transformationen bietet, z. B. den Zugang zu Nitro‐ und Aminocyclopropanen. Neben dem synthetischen Nutzen der Reaktion untermauert diese Studie die exklusive Rolle von Kupfer in der Photoredoxkatalyse und zeigt dessen Fähigkeit, radikalische Zwischenstufen in seiner Koordinationssphäre zu stabilisieren und mit ihnen zu interagieren. EPR‐Studien deuten darauf hin, dass solche Wechselwirkungen im Gegensatz zu Iridium‐basierten Photokatalysatoren sogar eine sehr günstige Zyklisierung von transienten zu persistenten Radikalen übertreffen können.
Dendronized DNA Chimeras Harness Scavenger Receptors To Degrade Cell Membrane Proteins
Authors: Zhu Chenghong , Wang Weishan , Wang Yan , Zhang Yan , Li Jinbo
Published: February 2023

Bispecific chimeras bridging cell membrane proteins with lysosome‐trafficking receptors (LTRs) provide an effective therapeutic approach through lysosomal degradation of disease‐relevant targets. Here, we report a novel dendronized DNA chimera (DENTAC) strategy that uses a dendritic DNA to engage cell surface scavenger receptors (SRs) as LTR. Using bioorthogonal strain‐promoted alkyne‐azide cycloaddition to conjugate the dendritic DNA with protein binder, the resulting DENTAC is able to traffic the protein target into the lysosome for elimination. We demonstrated the utility of DENTAC by degrading oncogenic membrane nucleolin (NCL) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The anti‐cancer application of NCL‐targeting DENTAC was validated in a mouse xenograft model of lung cancer. This work thus presents a new avenue for rapid development of potent degraders against membrane proteins, with also broad research and therapeutic prospects.
Investigation of molecular interaction, performance of green solvent in esterification of ethanol and acetic acid at 298.15 K and at 1 atm
Authors: Ramalingam Anantharaj , Banerjee Tamal , Santhi Vivek Mariappan , Mishra Dhirendra Kumar , Reji Danish John Paul Mark , Nagaraj Shruthi
Published: February 2023

In the present study, the potential of a selective green solvent for the low temperature esterification were analysed. Hence, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate {[EMIM][HSO4]},1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ethylsulphate {[EMIM][EtSO4]}, choline chloride glycerol {[ChCl][Gly]} and choline chloride acetic acid {[ChCl][AA]} were chosen as a selective green solvent. Whereas water, ethanol, acetic acid can be treated as molecular solvent used in the esterification process. In this reason, density of eight binary mixtures over the entire mole fractions were measured at different temperature ranges. The results have been used to calculate the excess and derived thermodynamic properties, to measure the strength of molecular interaction between mixing components. Further, the sigma profile and sigma potential plot were generated and analysed. According to density, volumetric properties, molecular polarity results, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate [EMIM][HSO4] was chosen as green solvent for the green esterification process. Finally, [EMIM][HSO4] based low temperature esterification were conducted at 298.15 K and 1 atm. 80.96% of n‐BuAc was achieved.
Silver decorated magnesium doped photoactive layer for improved collection of photo‐generated current in polymer solar cell
Authors: Ahmed Abdallah Y. A. , Ike Jude N. , Hamed Mohammed S. G. , Mola Genene Tessema
Published: February 2023

Silver doped magnesium (Ag:Mg) bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) were successfully synthesized using wet chemical processing. The collection of enhanced photocurrents is possible through metal nanoparticles in the photoactive layer of a thin‐film organic solar cell (TFOSC). This investigation employed poly‐3‐hexylthiophene(P3HT) and [6‐6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) polymer blend solar absorbers in a conventional device structure. The solar cell performances were found to depend on the concentration of Ag:Mg BMNPs in the photoactive medium. Consequently, significant device performance was recorded for the solar cells containing Ag:Mg BMNPs at all doping levels compared to the un‐doped devices. Therefore, the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.11% was achieved at a 1.5 wt% doping level with a high fill factor of 56% compared to the reference cell. The performance improvement in PCE constitutes a 79% improvement, which is much higher than undoped solar cells. This result was attributed to the occurrence of the localized surface plasmon resonance effect (LSPR), which is favorable for boosting the optical absorption and charge transport processes in TFOSC.
Qualitative and quantitative method for quality control of Itea ilicifolia based on antioxidant Q‐markers
Authors: Feng Yunqian , Zhang Pan , Yang Yaxin , Wang Zhiwei , Luo Guoyong , Yang Wude
Published: February 2023

Itea ilicifolia Oliv is a folk medicine with antioxidant potential. In this study, the fingerprints of 14 batches of I. ilicifolia were established by HPLC with 17 common peaks. The similarities evaluated by Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Chinese Materia (version 2012) were >0.89. Ten compounds were identified with definite structures by comparing the retention time and characteristic UV spectral pattern with those of reference substances. The antioxidant capacities of 14 batches of I. ilicifolia were evaluated based on O2·−, DPPH and ABTS·+ radical scavenging assays in combination with ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Via multivariate statistical analyses of gray relation analysis, bivariate correlation analysis and partial least squares regression analysis, a study on the spectrum–effect relationship was then performed to screen eight peaks as the antioxidant Q‐markers of I. ilicifolia. The contents of representative antioxidant Q‐markers (isoorientin, orientin, vitexin, isovitexin and iteafuranal A) in samples were accurately determined to be 0.054–0.118%, 0.034–0.080%, 0.018–0.055%, 0.031–0.091% and 0.033–0.140%, respectively. The qualitative and quantitative analytical method based on Q‐markers helps to control the antioxidant quality of I. ilicifolia, which will lay the foundation to promote the rational utilization of I. ilicifolia in curing diseases related to oxidative stress.
Combining lipidomics and efficacy‐oriented compatibility revealed that Qi Ge decoction compatibility improved lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats
Authors: Fan Simin , Yu Xiaoqing , Li Yanfang , Zhou Zunming , Ye Jintong , Guo Kaixin , Huang Keer , Ke Xuehong
Published: February 2023

The mechanism underlying traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compatibility is difficult to understand. This study combined lipidomics and efficacy‐oriented compatibility to explore underlying compatibility mechanisms of Qi Ge decoction (QG) for improving lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats. The QG was divided into three groups according to the efficacy group strategy: the Huangqi–Gegen (HG), Chenpi (CP), and QG groups. Hyperlipidemic rats were treated with QG, HG, CP, or atorvastatin for 3 weeks. The mass spectral data of widely targeted lipidomics were used to evaluate lipid changes. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to assess the lipidomic differences between the groups. MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was used to explore metabolic pathways. Compared with the model group, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and hepatic steatosis were significantly reduced by QG, whereas HG and CP had no significant effects on these indexes. Lipidomics showed that QG, HG, and CP back‐regulated 60, 11, and 14 lipids, respectively. Compared with HG and CP, QG had more metabolic targets in diglycerides, triglycerides, ceramides, and phosphatidylethanolamines. Pathway analysis indicated that QG mainly regulated glycerophospholipid and glycerolipid metabolism. This study provided a new method of combining lipidomics and efficacy‐oriented compatibility for exploring the scientific connotation of TCM compatibility.
The prognostic differences and the effect of postmastectomy radiotherapy between post‐chemotherapy ypT1‐2ypN1 and de novo pT1‐2N1 breast cancer
Authors: Yang Tian , Zhong Xiaorong , Wang Jun , Xiang Zhongzheng , Zeng Yuanyuan , Yu Siting , Dai Zelei , Xu Ningyue , Luo Ting , Liu Lei
Published: February 2023

Background

The prognosis and the value of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) between post‐chemotherapy ypT1‐2ypN1 and de novo pT1‐2N1 breast cancer (BC) remain controversial. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic differences and the effect of PMRT between the two patient subsets.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with pT1‐2N1M0 BC were identified between 2010 and 2018. The study endpoints were overall survival (OS), breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS), locoregional recurrence‐free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). The chi‐square test, Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used for data analysis.

Results

Total number of 2103 pT1‐2N1M0 BC patients were included in the study, including 270 post‐chemotherapy (97 without PMRT, 173 with PMRT) and 1833 de novo cases (993 without PMRT, 840 with PMRT). No significant differences were found between post‐chemotherapy ypT1‐2ypN1 and de novo pT1‐2N1 BC patients in 5‐year OS (p = 0.068), BCSS (p = 0.054), LRFS (p = 0.241), DMFS (p = 0.104) or DFS (p = 0.08). PMRT did not improve any survival outcome in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy; however, the PMRT group had a better 5‐year BCSS (97.0% vs. 95.8%, p = 0.033) in de novo pT1‐2N1 BC. Cox multivariate analysis demonstrated that PMRT was a significant independent predictor of BCSS (HR 0.628; 95% CI, 0.403–0.978; p = 0.04) in de novo pT1‐2N1 patients.

Conclusions

There seemed no survival difference in post‐chemotherapy ypT1‐2ypN1 and de novo pT1‐2N1 BC patients with contemporary systemic therapy. In addition, PMRT might be exempted in patients with post‐chemotherapy ypT1‐2ypN1 BC, while not in patients with de novo pT1‐2N1 BC.
Surgical management of gingival recessions in patients with refractory gingival pemphigus vulgaris: A multidisciplinary challenge
Authors: Gabusi Andrea , Stefanini Martina , Gissi Davide Bartolomeo , Rossi Roberto , Sangiorgi Matteo , Loi Camilla , Filippi Federica , Montebugnoli Lucio , Zucchelli Giovanni , Bardazzi Federico
Published: February 2023

Background

Mucogingival surgery for root coverage of gingival recessions (GRs) is usually performed in patients with unremarkable periodontal and systemic health. However, the predictable results of surgical procedures and increasingly high aesthetic expectations of patients necessitate optimal management of GR also in patients with systemic conditions that affect the oral cavity. In patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV), mucosal fragility and complicated surgical management of inflamed soft tissues are major challenges.

Methods and Results

A 36‐year‐old female patient with PV and deep GR on the mandibular incisors is presented. After initial unresponsiveness to steroids and immunosuppressants, complete clinical remission was achieved through repeated rituximab infusions and topical platelet‐rich plasma. After > 1 year of stable clinical remission off therapy the patient successfully underwent surgical procedures for vertically coronally advanced flap with connective tissue graft.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, no studies have described the surgical management of GR in PV patients. Although controlled studies are required to confirm present results, complete and stable clinical remission is necessary to avoid complications. Collaboration among dermatologists, oral medicine specialists, and periodontologists is essential to determine whether mucogingival surgery for root surface exposure is indicated for PV patients.

Key points

Why are these cases new information?

This is the first report of root coverage in a patient with oral PV

What are the keys to the successful management of these cases?

The achievement of complete and stable clinical remission from oral PV

Multidisciplinary collaboration among dermatologists, oral medicine specialists, and periodontologists

What are the primary limitations to success in these cases?

The refractoriness of gingival lesions induced by PV

Poor mucogingival conditions of inflamed gingival tissues exacerbated by PV
Spontaneous extradural hematoma in a Sickle cell Beta Thalassemia patient—A rare complication
Authors: Ghimire Prasanna , Ghimire Pragya Gautam
Published: February 2023

Spontaneous extradural hematoma in Sickle cell disease is rare neurological complication with few cases reported in the English literature. We report a case of a 16‐year‐old male patient who was previously diagnosed with Sickle Cell Beta Thalassemia and presented with severe headache and vomiting for 3 days. An emergency CT scan of the head demonstrated right‐sided acute parietal extradural hematoma with mass effect. Patient underwent emergent craniotomy with evacuation of the hematoma. Patient recovered completely. Although calvarial infarction has been associated with extradural hematoma, an absence of it makes our case distinct. A high index of suspicion should be made in SCD patients for possibility of EDH in progressive headache.
Aqueous Binders Compatible with Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for High‐Performance Aluminum‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Zhaohui , Guo Meilin , Meng Pengyu , Jiang Min , Qiu Xiangyun , Zhang Jiao , Fu Chaopeng
Published: February 2023

The incompatibility of poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) with acidic ionic liquid electrolytes and the use of toxic and high‐cost N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solvents hinder the wide application of aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs). In this work, sodium alginate (Na−Alg) is developed as an aqueous binder for the fabrication of graphite positive electrodes in AIBs. The compatibility of various binders with the ionic liquid electrolyte is evaluated, and interaction between various binders and graphite particles before and after cycling is compared and discussed. The results demonstrate that the well compatibility of Na−Alg in ionic liquids and its reasonable distribution on the graphite surface facilitate fast charge transfer and ion diffusion, reduce electrode polarization, and thus contributing to significantly improved cycling stability and rate capability of AIBs. This work provides a new insight into the development of low‐cost, eco‐friendly, and high‐performance binders for AIBs.
Quantum Yield of DNA Strand Breaks under Photoexcitation of a Molecular Ruby
Authors: Wang Cui , Ebel Kenny , Heinze Katja , Resch‐Genger Ute , Bald Ilko
Published: February 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) used for treating cancer relies on the generation of highly reactive oxygen species, for example, singlet oxygen1O2, by light‐induced excitation of a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of molecular oxygen, inducing DNA damage in close proximity of the PS. Although many precious metal complexes have been explored as PS for PDT and received clinical approval, only recently, the potential of photoactive complexes of non‐noble metals as PS has been discovered. Using the DNA origami technology that can absolutely quantify DNA strand break cross sections, we assessed the potential of the luminescent transition metal complex [Cr(ddpd)2]3+(ddpd=N,N′‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐dipyridine‐2‐ylpyridine‐2,6‐diamine) to damage DNA in an air‐saturated aqueous environment upon UV/Vis illumination. The quantum yield for strand breakage, that is, the ratio of DNA strand breaks to the number of absorbed photons, was determined to 1–4 %, indicating efficient transformation of photons into DNA strand breaks by [Cr(ddpd)2]3+.
Activatable Fluorescent Probes Targeting Urokinase‐Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor on the Cell Membrane
Authors: Kim Tae‐Il , Cho Siyoung , Jin Hanyong , Bae Jeehyeon , Park Chanhee , Kim Youngmi
Published: February 2023

Urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a glycolipid‐anchored protein located on the cell surface that is implicated in the promotion of metastasis. New fluorescent probes for the detection of uPAR expression that feature a rapid “turn‐on” response are reported here. They consist of a donor‐π‐acceptor‐based fluorophore conjugated with a uPAR‐binding AE105 peptide. The resulting AE105‐coupled uPAR‐targeting probes are weakly emissive in aqueous buffer solutions; however, a fluorescence “turn‐on” signal is instantly triggered upon specific binding to uPAR (KD=63.2 nM for P1 and 49.5 nM for P2), which restricts the rotational deactivation of the fluorophore. Applications of the probes were demonstrated in the imaging of uPAR overexpressed on the membrane of cancer cell and in a cell‐based uPAR inhibitor assay.
Functionalized Benzothiadiazole Non‐Fused A−D−A’−D−A Small Molecules for Effective Electron Mobilities and Metal‐free Photocatalysis
Authors: Pratap Tripathi Narendra , Gupta Vidushi , Tarun Tarun , Kumar Pandey Upendra , Sengupta Sanchita
Published: February 2023

Three non‐fused A−D−A’−D−A π‐conjugated metal‐free small molecules BT‐IT1, BT‐IBT2 and BT2F‐IBT3 have been synthesized and their absorption characteristics and redox properties, as well as charge carrier mobilities have been investigated. The resultant molecules exhibited broad absorption in the range of 325–600 nm in solutions and in thin films the absorption range is 350–700 nm. These new conjugated small molecules showed low‐lying HOMO energy levels (−5.49 to −5.50 eV), deep LUMO energy levels (−3.67 to −3.69 eV) and narrow bandgaps of (EgCV) ∼0.79 eV. Appreciable electron mobilities for compounds BT‐IBT2 and BT2F‐IBT3 were 4.56×10−3 and 1.12×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, obtained by space‐charge limited current (SCLC) measurements. Additionally, excellent photocatalytic performances of BT‐2T (6), BT2F‐2T (10), BT‐IT1, BT‐IBT2 and BT2F‐IBT3 for highly selective oxidation of thioanisole to desired sulfoxides under visible light irradiation were observed.
Design and simulation of a novel solar photovoltaic system assisted single‐slope solar still distillation unit
Authors: Migaybil Hashim H. , Maddah Hisham A. , Gopaluni Bhushan
Published: February 2023

Water is an essential component of our lives. Conventional seawater desalination, based on fossil fuel energy, is primary in meeting freshwater demands. Thus, solar desalination still emerged as an alternative technology that employs environmentally friendly renewable energy. Here, we aim to design and simulate a novel hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV) system coupled with a single‐slope solar still unit for freshwater production. Various design techniques were utilized to fine‐tune the model towards producing 3–4.6 kg/m2 · day of distillate water, thereby calculating the design aspects such as tank size, energy, and cost. The results revealed that a conventional solar desalination system had 22% lower efficiency than the proposed novel still distillation unit assisted with a solar PV system (connected to a heating element). The maximum efficiency of 45% has been recorded at the peak solar insolation due to the combination of the solar PV system. According to our design constraints, only a 3 m2 basin area was required to achieve a productivity of  = 1–5 kg/day. Design analysis showed that the total capital cost of a conventional still can be significantly reduced from 2600 to 1500 $/unit with PV system integration at the specified productivity and optimal solar radiation of ~17 MJ/m2 · day at peak time (02.00 PM). This work paves the way towards maximizing solar energy utilization from PV integration with solar desalination to achieve high freshwater productivity in single‐basin solar still systems.
Structurally Diverse Sesquiterpenoids from Chloranthus henryi var. hupehensis and Their Anti‐inflammatory Activities
Authors: Zhang Dan‐Yang , Hu Yun‐Ran , Yang Hui , Wang Ya‐Nan , Liu Shuai , Zou Yun‐He , Zhou Jing‐Jing , Zhuang Peng‐Yu , Wang Xiao‐Xia , Liu Hang
Published: February 2023

Comprehensive Summary

In this study, 27 new sesquiterpenoids: twenty monomers and seven dimers, with diverse structures, along with one known chlorajaponilide F (25) were isolated from the aerial parts of Chloranthus henryi var. hupehensis. Structurally, chlorahupetolides A (1) and B (2), two eudesmane‐type merosesquiterpenoids with an undescribed C18 carbon framework, and chlorahupetene E (18) are the first example of dimers comprising two eudesmane sesquiterpenoids bridged by a four‐membered ring in the Chloranthus. Their structures were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and X‐ray diffraction analysis. In the RAW264.7 macrophages model of inflammation induced by LPS, compounds 12, 18, and 25 significantly reduced NO production in a dose dependent manner and without cytotoxicity. The mRNA expression of COX‐2 was considerably inhibited by treatments with compounds 12, 18, and 25.
Acridine/Acridone–Carborane Conjugates as Strong DNA‐Binding Agents with Anticancer Potential
Authors: Różycka Daria , Kowalczyk Aleksandra , Denel‐Bobrowska Marta , Kuźmycz Olga , Gapińska Magdalena , Stączek Paweł , Olejniczak Agnieszka B.
Published: February 2023

Synthesis of acridine derivatives that act as DNA‐targeting anticancer agents is an evolving field and has resulted in the introduction of several drugs into clinical trials. Carboranes can be of importance in designing biologically active compounds due to their specific properties. Therefore, a series of novel acridine analogs modified with carborane clusters were synthesized. The DNA‐binding ability of these analogs was evaluated on calf thymus DNA (ct‐DNA). Results of these analyses showed that 9‐[(1,7‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane‐1‐yl)propylamino]acridine (30) interacted strongly with ct‐DNA, indicating its ability to intercalate into DNA, whereas 9‐[(1,7‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane‐1‐yl)propanamido]acridine (29) changed the B‐form of ct‐DNA to the Z form. Compound 30 demonstrated cytotoxicity, was able to inhibit cell proliferation, arrest the cell cycle in the S phase in the HeLa cancer cell line, and induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, it was specifically localized in lysosomes and was a weak inhibitor of Topo IIα.
Color, light, and birth space design: An integrative review
Authors: Balabanoff Doreen
Published: February 2023

This integrative review sought knowledge across a broad spectrum of literature concerning the role of color and light in maternity environments. Today it is acknowledged that the clinical nature of birth spaces is detrimental to maintaining normal physiological birth rates. Significantly, “clinical” spaces are often described as white, pale, monochromatic, and/or overlit. Attempts to make maternity settings more “home‐like” have promoted use of “warm” or “soft” colors. Ambience or spatial atmosphere is known to impact birth hormones, affecting labor commencement and progress. Today, efforts to improve birth spaces include “sensory rooms” (offering pain distraction via dark spaces and illuminated color elements); programmable colored light installations; and immersive image projections. Yet, as this paper shows, there is little specific study of the physical and psychological impact of color and light within birth settings. However, there are significant findings on colored light's impact upon birth processes, including the contraindication of bright blue light. And there is valuable knowledge embedded in old and new literature from diverse disciplines. This review thus exposes the strong need for further research and literature focused directly on how color and light in birth environment design impact birth experience for all involved. It is clear that environmental color and light need to be taken seriously as potent interrelated environmental factors that are directly implicated in the health and wellness of mothers and their infants during labor and birth. Thus, it is crucial to bring deeper awareness and comprehensive knowledge into use by designers, developers and managers of birth spaces.
Inbred phenotypic data and non‐additive effects can enhance genomic prediction models for hybrid grain sorghum
Authors: Crozier Daniel , Leon Fabian , Fonseca Jales M. O. , Klein Patricia E. , Klein Robert R. , Rooney William L.
Published: February 2023

Implementation of genomic prediction can bolster rates of genetic gain in sorghum improvement and permit more efficient allocation of resources within hybrid breeding programs. In the present study, alternative genomic prediction models were compared to assess the potential benefits of including inbred phenotypic records, dominance effects, and genotype‐by‐environment (G×E) interactions in predicting hybrid grain sorghum performance. Comparisons were made in a set of 395 hybrid combinations derived from 92 parental inbred lines tested in a sparse multi‐environment trial. Phenotypic data were collected on hybrids and inbreds for days to mid‐anthesis, grain yield, and plant height, and genomic data on parental inbreds were collected by genotyping × sequencing. A significant increase in prediction accuracy was observed when modeling G×E effects; however, dominance effects did not contribute to the overall predictive ability of models in this data set. Including phenotypic data from parental lines significantly improved the prediction of hybrid merit by as much as 17% for days to mid‐anthesis, 14% for grain yield, and 33% for plant height when there were no testcross records for a given parental line. Alternatively, similar improvements were not as consistent when the training set included lines already tested in hybrid combinations. Thus, hybrid crop breeders can further optimize genomic predictions for un‐testcrossed lines by including non‐additive effects and inbred data.