bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Routing protocols based on node selection for freely floating underwater wireless sensor networks: a survey
Authors: Alqahtani Ghida Jubran , Bouabdallah Fatma
Published: November 2023

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in monitoring and exploring the underwater environment for scientific applications such as oceanographic data collection, marine surveillance, and pollution detection. Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASN) have been proposed as the enabling technology to observe, map and explore the ocean. Due to the unique characteristics of underwater aquatic environment, which are low bandwidth, long propagation delays, and high energy consumption, the data forwarding process is very difficult. This paper presents a survey of the routing protocols for UASN. The addressed routing protocols are classified from a mobility point of view in freely floating underwater sensor networks. Indeed, managing the mobility of freely floating underwater sensors is one of the most critical constraints in the design of routing protocols. That is why we classify the routing protocols into “reliable data forwarding protocols” and “prediction-based data forwarding protocols.” In the first category, the proposed protocols mainly endure nodes’ mobility by continuously updating location information aiming at delivering the packets to the sink. In the second category, routing protocols try to rather master the nodes’ mobility by predicting the future nodes’ positions either based on a mobility model or on historical nodes’ positions using filtering techniques. We believe that our classification will help not only in deeply understanding the main characteristics of each protocol but also in investigating the evolution of research work evolution to provide energy-efficient data forwarding solutions for freely floating UASN.
Mobile service delivery in response to the opioid epidemic in Philadelphia
Authors: Stewart Rebecca E. , Christian Hanna P. , Cardamone Nicholas C. , Abrams Catherine , Drob Caroline , Mandell David S. , Metzger David , Lowenstein Margaret
Published: November 2023

Background

The harms of opioid use disorder (OUD) and HIV infection disproportionately impact marginalized populations, especially people experiencing homelessness and people who inject drugs (PWID). Mobile OUD service delivery models are emerging to increase access and reduce barriers to OUD care. While there is growing interest in these models, there is limited research about the services they provide, how they operate, and what barriers they face. We characterize the capacity, barriers, and sustainment of mobile OUD care services in a large city with a high incidence of OUD and HIV.

Methods

From May to August 2022, we conducted semi-structured interviews with leadership from all seven mobile OUD care units (MOCU) providing a medication for OUD or other substance use disorder services in Philadelphia. We surveyed leaders about their unit’s services, staffing, operating location, funding sources, and linkages to care. Leaders were asked to describe their clinical approach, treatment process, and the barriers and facilitators to their operations. Interview recordings were coded using rapid qualitative analysis.

Results

MOCUs are run by small, multidisciplinary teams, typically composed of a clinician, one or two case managers, and a peer recovery specialist or outreach worker. MOCUs provide a range of services, including medications for OUD, wound care, medical services, case management, and screening for infectious diseases. No units provide methadone, but all units provide naloxone, six write prescriptions for buprenorphine, and one unit dispenses buprenorphine. The most frequently reported barriers include practical challenges of working on a MOCU (e.g. lack of space, safety), lack of community support, and patients with substantial medical and psychosocial needs. Interviewees reported concerns about funding and specifically as it relates to providing their staff with adequate pay. The most frequently reported facilitators include positive relationships with the community, collaboration with other entities (e.g. local nonprofits, the police department, universities), and having non-clinical staff (e.g. outreach workers, peer recovery specialists) on the unit.

Conclusions

MOCUs provide life-saving services and engage marginalized individuals with OUD. These findings highlight the challenges and complexities of caring for PWID and demonstrate a need to strengthen collaborations between MOCU providers and the treatment system. Policymakers should consider programmatic funding for permanent mobile OUD care services.
Prognostic value of oxygen saturation index trajectory phenotypes on ICU mortality in mechanically ventilated patients: a multi-database retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shi Xiawei , Shi Yangyang , Fan Liming , Yang Jia , Chen Hao , Ni Kaiwen , Yang Junchao
Published: November 2023

Background

Heterogeneity among critically ill patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) treatment could result in high mortality rates. Currently, there are no well-established indicators to help identify patients with a poor prognosis in advance, which limits physicians’ ability to provide personalized treatment. This study aimed to investigate the association of oxygen saturation index (OSI) trajectory phenotypes with intensive care unit (ICU) mortality and ventilation-free days (VFDs) from a dynamic and longitudinal perspective.

Methods

A group-based trajectory model was used to identify the OSI-trajectory phenotypes. Associations between the OSI-trajectory phenotypes and ICU mortality were analyzed using doubly robust analyses. Then, a predictive model was constructed to distinguish patients with poor prognosis phenotypes.

Results

Four OSI-trajectory phenotypes were identified in 3378 patients: low-level stable, ascending, descending, and high-level stable. Patients with the high-level stable phenotype had the highest mortality and fewest VFDs. The doubly robust estimation, after adjusting for unbalanced covariates in a model using the XGBoost method for generating propensity scores, revealed that both high-level stable and ascending phenotypes were associated with higher mortality rates (odds ratio [OR]: 1.422, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.246–1.623; OR: 1.097, 95% CI 1.027–1.172, respectively), while the descending phenotype showed similar ICU mortality rates to the low-level stable phenotype (odds ratio [OR] 0.986, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.940–1.035). The predictive model could help identify patients with ascending or high-level stable phenotypes at an early stage (area under the curve [AUC] in the training dataset: 0.851 [0.827–0.875]; AUC in the validation dataset: 0.743 [0.709–0.777]).

Conclusions

Dynamic OSI-trajectory phenotypes were closely related to the mortality of ICU patients requiring IMV treatment and might be a useful prognostic indicator in critically ill patients.
Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy measurements are reliable for studying patellar bone hemodynamics and affected by venous occlusion, but not by skin compression
Authors: Ophey Martin J. , Westerweel Anne , van Oort Maxime , van den Berg Robert , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. , Tak Igor J. R.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

According to the homeostasis model, patellofemoral pain (PFP) results from disturbed homeostasis due to vascular insufficiency in the anterior knee. Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) measures relative changes in concentrations (in µmol/cm2) of (de‐)oxygenated hemoglobine (HHb and O2Hb). The aims were to: 1) investigate the characteristics of the NIRS signal derived from the patella during experiments affecting hemodynamics in healthy controls, and 2) determine the test–retest reliability of NIRS in positions clinically relevant for PFP patients.

Methods

Two experiments were conducted on 10 healthy controls and analysed using Student’s t‐test. Reliability (ICC2,1) was evaluated for two activities (‘Prolonged Sitting’ and ‘Stair Descent’) in five PFP patients and 15 healthy controls, performed twice within five days.

Results

The NIRS signal (HHb and O2Hb) showed a statistically significant increase (p < .001 –. 002) on all optodes (30, 35, 40 mm) during ‘Venous Occlusion’ (M = 1.0 – 2.0), while it showed no statistically significant change (p = .075 –. 61) during ‘Skin Compression’ (M = ‐0.9 – 0.9) on the 30 and 35 mm optode. Reliability of NIRS (HHb and O2Hb) ranged from moderate to almost perfect (ICC2,1 = .47 –. 95) on the 30 mm optode for ‘Prolonged Sitting’, and from moderate to substantial (ICC2,1 = .50 –. 68) on the 35 mm optode for ‘Stair Descent’.

Conclusions

Patella NIRS measurements are affected by venous occlusion, but not by skin compression, and are sufficiently reliable as research application to compare real‐time patellar bone hemodynamics. These insights may assist to improve effectiveness of evidence‐based treatment strategies for PFP.

Trial registration

ISRCTN Trial Registration under number: 90377123.
Pain as bad as you can imagine or extremely severe pain? A randomized controlled trial comparing two pain scale anchors
Authors: Tin Amy L. , Austria Mia , Ogbennaya Gabriel , Chimonas Susan , Andréll Paulin , Atkinson Thomas M. , Vickers Andrew J. , Carlsson Sigrid V.
Published: November 2023

Background

A common method of pain assessment is the numerical rating scale, where patients are asked to rate their pain on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is “no pain” and 10 is “pain as bad as you can imagine”. We hypothesize such language is suboptimal as it involves a test of a cognitive skill, imagination, in the assessment of symptom severity.

Methods

We used a large-scale online research registry, ResearchMatch, to conduct a randomized controlled trial to compare the distributions of pain scores of two different pain scale anchors. We recruited adults located in the United States who reported a chronic pain problem (> 3 months) and were currently in pain. Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive pain assessment based on a modified Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), where the anchor for a score of 10 was either “extremely severe pain”, or the original BPI, with the anchor “pain as bad as you can imagine”. Participants in both groups also answered additional questions about pain, other symptomatology and creativity.

Results

Data were obtained from 405 participants for the modified and 424 for the original BPI. Distribution of responses to pain questions were similar between groups (all p-values ≥ 0.12). We did not see evidence that the relationship between pain score and the anchor text differed based on self-perceived creativity (all interaction p-values ≥ 0.2). However, in the key analysis, correlations between current pain assessments and known correlates (fatigue, anxiety, depression, current pain compared to a typical day, pain compared to other people) were stronger for “extreme” vs. “imaginable” anchor text (p = 0.005).

Conclusion

Pain rating scales should utilize the modified anchor text “extremely severe pain” instead of “pain as bad as you can imagine”. Further research should explore the effects of anchors for other symptoms.
Stigma perception and determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iraq
Authors: Taher Taqi M. J. , Ahmed Hussein A. , Abutiheen Ali A. , Alfadhul Shaymaa A. , Ghazi Hasanain F.
Published: November 2023

Background and purpose

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Stigma is a sign of social disgrace occurring within public relations, and it is linked with many health conditions including diabetes. Stigma could worsen the disease course, reduce treatment adherence, and affect the quality of life of diabetic patients. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of diabetic stigma among patients with type 2 DM.

Methods

In this analytic cross-sectional study, data collection was performed from June 1, 2022, until November 1, 2022, et al.-Najaf City, Iraq. A consecutive sample of 429 patients with type 2 DM was interviewed using the Arabic version of the type 2 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale (DSAS-2), which is a validated tool. The total diabetic stigma score, treated differently score, self-stigma score, and blame and judgment score were estimated.

Results

The mean age of the sample was 56.6 years, and males represented 61.8% of them. The total diabetic stigma score mean was 51.72. The question regarding people's judgment of food choices showed the highest rate (53%) among patients. Problematic stigma appeared in 24.71% of DM patients. Lower educational level, being divorced or widow, age above 50 years, being unemployed or housewife, and lower income showed significantly higher diabetic stigma scores.

Conclusion

One-quarter of type 2 DM patients showed problematic stigma. The mean diabetic stigma score was significantly higher among patients with lower education, divorced or widow status, older age, unemployment or housewife category, and low-income status.
Masseter vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials at different tone burst frequencies in healthy individuals
Authors: Thirusangu Vinayagar Pazhani , Sinha Sujeet Kumar
Published: November 2023

Background

Masseter vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (mVEMP) are vestibular-dependent inhibitory reflex recorded using acoustic stimulus. mVEMP can assess important brainstem regions. mVEMP abnormalities have been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and idiopathic random eye movement disorder. The objective of the study was to record mVEMP using tone-burst stimulus at different frequencies in young healthy individuals.

Method

The study used normative study design. Thirty-two participants, aged 18–28 years with normal hearing and balance function, were recruited for the study. Simple random sampling was used for selection of participants.

Data collection and analysis

mVEMP was recorded for all the individuals at 500 Hz,750 Hz,1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, and 4000 Hz tone burst stimuli. The p11 and n21 peaks were identified. The latency of the p11 and n21 peaks and the rectified amplitude of the p11-n21 peak complex were measured for all the participants. Wilcoxson signed-rank test was used for statistical anlysis.

Results

The study found a 100% response rate and higher amplitude for 500 Hz and 750 Hz tone burst stimuli. However, Wilcoxson signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction showed no significant difference in amplitude (p = 0.92) between 500 and 750 Hz.

Conclusion

The study recommends 500 Hz/750 Hz tone burst stimuli as an optimal frequency for recording mVEMP in young, healthy individuals. However, seeing the frequency-tuning characteristics of mVEMP in other peripheral vestibular pathologies would be interesting.
State-of-the-Art Review of Advanced Electrospun Nanofiber Composites for Enhanced Wound Healing
Authors: Abdelhakeem Eman , Monir Sawsan , Teaima Mahmoud H. M. , Rashwan Kareem Omar , El-Nabarawi Mohamed
Published: November 2023

Wound healing is a complex biological process with four main phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Current treatments such as cotton and gauze may delay the wound healing process which gives a demand for more innovative treatments. Nanofibers are nanoparticles that resemble the extracellular matrix of the skin and have a large specific surface area, high porosity, good mechanical properties, controllable morphology, and size. Nanofibers are generated by electrospinning method that utilizes high electric force. Electrospinning device composed of high voltage power source, syringe that contains polymer solution, needle, and collector to collect nanofibers. Many polymers can be used in nanofiber that can be from natural or from synthetic origin. As such, electrospun nanofibers are potential scaffolds for wound healing applications. This review discusses the advanced electrospun nanofiber morphologies used in wound healing that is prepared by modified electrospinning techniques.
Raman effect and unusual transport properties of Co-doped Mn2FeAl Heusler alloy
Authors: Dixit Srishti , Ghosh Swayangsiddha , Patel Neha , Alam Mohd , Bandyopadhyay Krishanu , Shahi Nisha , Kumar Yogendra , Sawada M. , Shimada K. , Saha Satyen , Singh Sanjay , Chatterjee Sandip
Published: November 2023

Semiconducting materials with a distinctive blend of high electrical and low thermal conductivity are required for efficient thermoelectric devices. In this aspect, Heusler alloys are potential candidates for thermoelectric materials. It has been observed that Co doping in Mn2FeAl enhances the electrical conductivity as well as reduces the thermal conductivity of the system leading to an improvement in figure of merit. The Seebeck coefficient suggested the p-type behavior over the whole temperature range, followed by a maximum at 150 K. Additionally, the electronic properties of the

suggest that the observed Raman mode is due to the electronic excitations in the system. Interestingly, this system shows a decoupling between the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity, suggesting the promising potential of

as a thermoelectric material and offering valuable insights into its electronic properties.
Cooperation dynamics in multiple correlated games: A review
Authors: Quan Ji , Ma Xiao Jian , Cui Shengjin , Wang Xianjia
Published: November 2023

Individuals often engage in complex, non-isolated interactive environments. The interdependence manifested by strategic interaction environments across multiple dimensions or attributes has advanced the recognition of correlated games. The behavioral choices in one strategic scenario can be influenced by strategic attempts in another. How the correlation between different strategic environments affects the cooperation dynamics has raised much attention recently. In this perspective, we overview the latest progress that accounts for such cross-reciprocity. Firstly, we focus on the cases where individuals consecutively interact in environments with varying payoff structures, the values of which depend on the behaviors present in the previous game. Secondly, we pay attention to how strategic interaction affects the dynamics in multi-issue games in which individuals simultaneously interact in different environments. It holds significant implications for further examining the evolution of behavior from the perspective of correlations between different scenarios. Finally, we come up with some potential directions and points for further research.
Exercise-induced Changes in Central Adiposity During an RCT: Effect of Exercise Dose and Associations With Compensation
Authors: Dorling James L , Apolzan John W , Johannsen Neil M , Thomas Diana M , Höchsmann Christoph , Hsia Daniel S , Martin Corby K
Published: November 2023

Context

Exercise can decrease central adiposity, but the effect of exercise dose and the relationship between central adiposity and exercise-induced compensation is unclear.

Objective

Test the effect of exercise dose on central adiposity change and the association between central adiposity and exercise-induced weight compensation.

Methods

In this ancillary analysis of a 6-month randomized controlled trial, 170 participants with overweight or obesity (mean ± SD body mass index: 31.5 ± 4.7 kg/m2) were randomized to a control group or exercise groups that reflected exercise recommendations for health (8 kcal/kg/week [KKW]) or weight loss and weight maintenance (20 KKW). Waist circumference was measured, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessed central adiposity. Predicted weight change was estimated and weight compensation (weight change – predicted weight change) was calculated.

Results

Between-group change in waist circumference (control: .0 cm [95% CI, −1.0 to 1.0], 8 KKW: −.7 cm [95% CI, −1.7 to .4], 20 KKW: −1.3 cm [95% CI, −2.4 to −.2]) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT; control: −.02 kg [95% CI, −.07 to .04], 8 KKW: −.01 kg [95% CI, −.07 to .04], 20 KKW: −.04 kg [95% CI, −.10 to .02]) was similar (P ≥ .23). Most exercisers (82.6%) compensated (weight loss less than expected). Exercisers who compensated exhibited a 2.5-cm (95% CI, .8 to 4.2) and .23-kg (95% CI, .14 to .31) increase in waist circumference and VAT, respectively, vs those who did not (P < .01). Desire to eat predicted VAT change during exercise (β = .21; P = .03).

Conclusion

In the presence of significant weight compensation, exercise at doses recommended for health and weight loss and weight maintenance leads to negligible changes in central adiposity.
Genetically Determined Metabolites in Graves Disease: Insight From a Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Tan Yao , Yin Jiayang , Cao Jiamin , Xie Bingyu , Zhang Feng , Xiong Wei
Published: November 2023

Context

Graves disease (GD) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder with a complex etiology. The association between serum metabolites and GD remains partially understood.

Objective

This study aimed to elucidate the causal connections between serum metabolites and predisposition to GD, examining potential genetic interplay.

Methods

A 1-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted on the GD analysis that included 2836 cases and 374 441 controls. We utilized genome-wide association study summary data from the FinnGen project, analyzing the causal impact of 486 serum metabolites on GD. Approaches used were the inverse variance weighted methodology, Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger regression, MR-PRESSO, Steiger test, and linkage disequilibrium score regression analyses to assess genetic influence on metabolites and GD.

Results

19 metabolites were identified as having a pronounced association with GD risk, of which 10 maintained noteworthy correlations after stringent sensitivity assessments. Three metabolites exhibited significant heritability: kynurenine (OR 3.851, P = 6.09 × 10−4), a risk factor; glycerol 2-phosphate (OR 0.549, P = 3.58 × 10−2) and 4-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol disulfate 2 (OR 0.461, P = 1.34 × 10−2) were recognized as protective factors against GD. Crucially, all 3 exhibited no shared genetic interrelation with GD, further substantiating their potential causal significance in the disease.

Conclusion

This study unveils pivotal insights into the intricate relationships between serum metabolites and GD risk. By identifying specific risk and protective factors, it opens avenues for more precise disease understanding and management. The findings underline the importance of integrating genomics with metabolomics to fathom the multifaceted nature of GD.
Beyond (European) Philosophy: From Leibniz—via Schmalenbach—to Benjamin
Authors: Fenves Peter
Published: November 2023

The essay begins by demonstrating that Benjamin drew his interpretation of Leibniz's metaphysics from a little-known book by Herman Schmalenbach. In contrast to the typical view, according to which Leibniz is a proponent of the principle of continuity, Schmalenbach argues that his metaphysics is rooted in a fascination with the discontinuity of whole numbers. Benjamin transforms this view by replacing whole numbers with whole names. The essay then shows the consequence of this adaptation of Schmalenbach's work first in the introductory texts Benjamin wrote for his Origin of the German Trauerspiel and finally in his last reflections “On the Concept of History.” The fulcrum of the argument is that the replacement of number by name inadvertently led Benjamin to recognize something “worrisome” about philosophy, whose “principal coinages” are drawn, Esperanto-like, from a small number of languages, almost exclusively European.
Reclaimed Legacies and Radical Futures
Authors: Mangione Emily E.
Published: November 2023

The assignment awarded to pioneering Black sculptor Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller—to envision an inherited past and future offerings for “Americans of Negro lineage” at the 1921 America’s Making Exposition—was daunting. The result, Ethiopia, takes this charge as an opportunity to reclaim an African birthright rooted in a decolonial counter-history of Ethiopia and Egypt. Transported in Fuller’s work beyond present conditions of archaeological dispossession and eugenicist anti-Blackness, these territories become the grounds for reestablishing kinship across the Black Atlantic in a symbolic act of repair toward the development of an African American selfhood uniquely capable of imagining a future beyond longstanding regimes of systemic racism. Foreshadowing by several decades the full flourishing of pan-Africanism, Ethiopia takes up the nascent Harlem Renaissance quest for a “New Negro” identity and singles out for particular concern the construction of Black womanhood circa 1921 atop a racialized and gendered foundation of “Egyptian” and “Ethiopian/Nubian” as contested discursive formations.

Considering the manifold genealogies of Fuller’s sculpture and its politics of diasporic relation, I aim to contextualize this polysemous signifier within the immediate legacy of a tumultuous, preceding half century. These decades saw the rise of a particular fascination with ancient Egyptian “heritage” alongside and as part of the development of racial pseudoscience in the United States, the decisive anticolonial Battle of Adwa in Ethiopia, and the momentary promise of decolonization at the end of World War I.
Gender and Deterritorialized Identity
Authors: Fredrickson Laurel Jean
Published: November 2023

This article explores the immersive audio-visual and sculptural art installations in the 59th Venice Biennale (2022) of three transnational contemporary women artists with familial ties to former colonies and protectorates. The Afro-Caribbean artist Sonia Boyce, MBE, presented Feeling Her Way in the British National Pavilion, for which she won the Golden Lion, the biennale’s highest honor. Zineb Sedira, a Franco-Algerian artist who lives and works in Britain, exhibited Les rêves n’ont pas de titre (Dreams Have No Titles) in the French National pavilion. The Moroccan artist, Latifa Echakhch, who was raised in France and lives in Switzerland, represented Switzerland with Le Concert, a sculptural sound installation. Each of their multidisciplinary installations engages differently with the intersections of race, gender, and ethnicity to challenge cultural stereotypes and erasures—of women artists and histories of liberation struggles. This article introduces early works by each artist as a basis for understanding how their biennale projects are decolonial and feminist in order to argue that the deterritorialized may reterritorialize—create new spaces of enunciation—in and through culture. The Venice Biennale installations of Boyce, Sedira, and Echakhch bring light to intersections of present-day and historical politics and memory by engaging with identity—individual and collective—as constructed, negotiated, and always in flux. Their work is shaped by migration, displacement, refugee status, exile, and the frontier as site of obstruction and passage.
Εμπλουτισμός αλκοολούχων ποτών με φυσικά προϊόντα εγκλεισμένα σε μικρο/νανοφορείς για την αύξηση της προστιθέμενης αξίας του τελικού προϊόντος
Authors: Λαγουτάρη Ειρήνη
Published: November 2023

Αντικείμενο αυτής της διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι ο εγκλεισμός φυσικών προϊόντων σε κατάλληλες μήτρες (μικρονανοφορείς), συμβατές με τα τρόφιμα και τα ποτά, όπως η κυκλοδεξτρίνη και ο εμπλουτισμός αλκοολούχων ποτών όπως κόκκινο, λευκό και ροζέ κρασί και αποσταγμάτων ή οινοπνευματωδών ποτών με βιταμίνες και αντιοξειδωτικά προκειμένου να αυξηθεί η προστιθέμενη θρεπτική αξία του τελικού προϊόντος. Οι ουσίες που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν είναι η ρεσβερατρόλη (RVT), μια φυσική ουσία της κατηγορίας των φυτοαλεξινών με τη βασική δομή των στιλβενίων, και βιταμίνες όπως η βιταμίνη Ε (τοκοφερόλη), η βιταμίνη C (ασκορβικό οξύ) και η βιταμίνη Α (ρετινόλη). Ο εγκλεισμός αυτών των ουσιών στη β-κυκλοδεξτρίνη αποδεικνύεται με διάφορες αναλυτικές τεχνικές όπως η φασματοσκοπία πυρηνικού μαγνητικού συντονισμού (NMR), η φασματοσκοπία υπεριώδους-ορατού (UV-Vis) και ο κυκλικός διχρωισμός, ο φθορισμός, η φασματοσκοπία υπέρυθρης ακτινοβολίας (FT-IR) και η φασματομετρία μάζας ή μαζών. Μελετήθηκε επίσης η Δυναμική Σκέδαση Φωτός (DLS), και αναλύθηκαν τα θερμικά (TGA). Η αντιοξειδωτική δράση των συμπλοκών μελετήθηκε με τη μέθοδο δέσμευσης της σταθερής ελεύθερης ρίζας 2,2-διφαινυλ-1-πικρυλυδραζυλ (DPPH). Τέλος, μετρήθηκε και η απελευθέρωση. Τα συμπεράσματα που βγήκαν από αυτή την έρευνα είναι ότι οι ενσωματώσεις των βιταμινών και της ρεσβερατρόλης στη βήτα-κυκλοδεξτρίνη ήταν επιτυχείς. Για τις ουσίες που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ακολουθήθηκαν δύο διαφορετικές μέθοδοι εγκλεισμού πιο συγκεκριμένα, η μέθοδος συν-καταβύθισης (Co-Recipitation) που είναι η πιο κατάλληλη για τη βιταμίνη C και η απόδοση εγκλεισμού είναι 70% και η μέθοδος Kneading που είναι η πιο κατάλληλη για την βιταμίνη Ε, την βιταμίνη Α και την ρεσβερατρόλη, των οποίων τα αποτελέσματα των αποδόσεων εγκλεισμού είναι 89%, 69% και 83% αντίστοιχα. Αυτοί οι εμπλουτισμοί αναμένονταν να αυξήσουν τις αντιοξειδωτικές, αντιμικροβιακές και αντιβακτηριδιακές ιδιότητες των αλκοολούχων ποτών. Οι ουσίες που εγκλείστηκαν στη β-κυκλοδεξτρίνη (β-cd), ενσωματώθηκαν σε κρασιά και οινοπνευματώδη ποτά (τσίπουρο) σε συγκεκριμένες συγκεντρώσεις (300mg/1L, 200mg/1L, 100mg/1L) και η δειγματοληψία γινόταν σε καθορισμένο χρονικό διάστημα. Η αντιοξειδωτική δράση των κρασιών και του τσίπουρου μελετήθηκε με δύο μεθόδους, την DPPH και την ABTS και η συνολική περιεκτικότητα σε φαινολικές ενώσεις με τη μέθοδο Folin-Ciocalteau. Τα αποτελέσματα που λήφθηκαν και από τις τρεις μεθόδους αποδεικνύουν ότι έχει γίνει η αύξηση των αντιοξειδωτικών και των φαινολικών ουσιών τόσο στα κρασιά όσο και στο τσίπουρο.
“Barren, Silent, Godless“
Authors: Dias Gonçalo
Published: November 2023

This paper proposes to explore how, through apocalyptic destruction, a characteristically American landscape in Cormac McCarthy’s The Road has undergone the process of removal of identity, and has, therefore, reverted into the hostile wilderness that marked Early American experience in its attribution of meaning to space. Considering Leo Marx’s “The idea of nature in America,” the journey delineated by both protagonists can be located as the heir to a Puritan tradition and/of American Nature. Yet, in the diegetic postapocalyptic landscape, human senses grow dim and biblical Words grow unspoken, as the potential for civilization turns into silence and a return to dust — and, most importantly, ash. If a characteristically American identity has been obliterated, how can meaning, if any, be found in the same material space it once held? Where can references to the past reside? Ultimately, if a dystopian destruction of both identity and the material plane has subverted American utopian anxiety, in what ways has the possibility of considering American mobility through space in search for meaning turned void? McCarthy’s novel appears to provide no answer. However, as Toni Morrison stated — in “Unspeakable Things Unspoken,” — “a void may be empty, but is not a vacuum.”
Eviction Moratorium in the New York State During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rachwał Aleksandra
Published: November 2023

The work aims to analyze and compare the development of the legal solutions for the eviction crisis that were introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic in the New York State by each branch of the authorities. The issue will be studied by analyzing documentsintroduced by the legislature, executive branch and judiciary, dealing with the prohibition of evicting tenants from residential and commercial premises during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper will analyze short-term solutions in the form of ordinances, as well as long-term solutions in the form of laws. Furthermore, it will try to demonstrate the minor contradictions, problems, and complexities involved with the bifurcation of the introduced legal solutions, and to show that eviction moratoria in the New York State did not provide total protection and assistance to tenants, as well as that their solutions were rather short-term. The paper will also present solutions from the federal level and compare them to state solutions in order to show the difference in approach. The article will also demonstrate that acting at the state and local level, on a smaller scale, is more effective because it is easier to reach a specific group of stakeholders. Moreover, a change in the nature of legal solutions introduced at the state level will be observed, which was caused by the change of a governor general of the New York State and the Supreme Court’s ruling that one of the laws was illegal — the paper will show how this ban was circumvented by the new state authorities.
A Decomposition Method for the Group-Based Quay Crane Scheduling Problem
Authors: Sun Defeng , Tang Lixin , Baldacci Roberto , Chen Zihan
Published: November 2023

This study addresses the quay crane scheduling problem (QCSP), which involves scheduling a fixed number of quay cranes to load and unload containers from ships in a maritime container terminal. The objective is to minimize the completion time while adhering to precedence, safety margin, and noncrossing constraints. Efficient scheduling of quay cranes plays a crucial role in reducing the time vessels spend at terminals. To solve the QCSP, we explore different schedule directions for the quay cranes. Specifically, we consider three directions: unidirectional, where the quay cranes maintain a consistent movement direction from upper to lower bays or vice versa after initial repositioning; bidirectional, allowing the cranes to change direction once during operations; and multidirectional, permitting freely changing movement direction during operations. For the bidirectional QCSP, we propose a new compact mathematical formulation. To obtain valid lower bounds on the optimal completion time, we derive various relaxations of this new formulation based on the different schedule directions. Our solution framework employs logic-based Benders decomposition, decomposing the problem into an assignment master problem and operation-sequence slave subproblems. Extensive computational experiments using benchmark instances from existing literature and newly generated instances validate the efficiency and effectiveness of the lower bounds and the exact solution approach.

History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms–Discrete.

Funding: This work was supported by the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72192830 and 72192831], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72102034], and the 111 Project [Grant B16009].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0298
Crowdworking: Nurturing Expert-Centric Absorptive Capacity
Authors: Gol Elham Shafiei , Avital Michel , Stein Mari-Klara
Published: November 2023

Organizations increasingly engage with external communities for value generation through an ever-growing multitude of digital services. Absorptive capacity, or the organizational capability to identify, assimilate, and apply new knowledge for commercial ends, is a key determinant of how organizations successfully generate value from external sources of knowledge and sustain a competitive advantage. Crowdworking—a novel form of digitally mediated work—allows organizations to hire on-demand highly skilled external experts to leverage their knowledge, skills, and networks. The approach of integrating crowdworking into organizations is increasingly gaining traction among large corporations seeking to harness the knowledge in external communities for value generation. Building on an in-depth embedded case study in a large organization that relies on two established crowdwork platforms, we explore and shed light on how the organization developed its crowdworking-related absorptive capacity to generate value from external experts. The paper offers new insights into the prevailing modus operandi related to harnessing external knowledge in today’s organizations.
Inferring Intermediary Risk Exposure from Trade
Authors: Anderson Chris , Liu Weiling
Published: November 2023

We propose a novel measure of intermediary risk exposure based on the fraction of all trade that is conducted between dealers, called the interdealer trade (IDT) measure. Intuitively, when dealers’ aggregate risk exposure rises, they trade more with each other to redistribute inventory shocks. Consistent with risk exposures relating to expected returns, market-specific IDT measures add incremental return predictability across five different markets. For example, one-standard-deviation increases in the Treasury and foreign exchange (FX) IDT measures, respectively, forecast a 1.8% higher annual excess return on a five-year bond and a 3.7% higher annual excess return on currency-specific FX trades.

This paper was accepted by David Sraer, finance.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.01831 .
Co-Opetition and the Firm’s Information Environment
Authors: Bushee Brian J. , Keusch Thomas , Kim-Gina Jessica
Published: November 2023

Some firms in the technology sector choose to cooperate with competitors (“co-opetition”) in standard setting organizations (SSOs). These SSOs create technology standards that facilitate rapid market penetration of new technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and 4G. Active participation in the standard setting process requires the exchange of proprietary information with competitors. Although the goal of such information sharing is to further a technology or a product market, firms potentially receive an additional benefit from access to competitor and industry information. We examine whether contributing to SSO committees enhances a firm’s information set and allows managers to better predict future sales. We find that the centrality of a firm’s location within the network of SSO collaborators is positively related to the accuracy of the firm’s sales forecasts. This relation is stronger when firms exchange more information with direct competitors and with larger firms, when forecasting is more difficult ex ante, and when firms forecast over longer horizons. Our findings show that collaborating with competitors in the product market provides an important additional benefit of improving the manager’s information set.

This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, accounting.

Funding: This work was supported by the Wharton School, Institut Européen d’Administration des Affaires, the Institut Européen d’Administration des Affaires-Wharton Alliance, and the Mack Institute for Innovation Management.

Supplemental Material: The data and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03152 .
The Orienteering Problem with Drones
Authors: Morandi Nicola , Leus Roel , Yaman Hande
Published: November 2023

We extend the classical problem setting of the orienteering problem (OP) to incorporate multiple drones that cooperate with a truck to visit a subset of the input nodes. We call this problem the OP with multiple drones (OP-mD). Drones have a limited battery endurance, and thus, they can either move together with the truck at no energy cost for the battery or be launched by the truck onto short flights that must start and end at different customer locations. A drone serves exactly one customer per flight. Moreover, the truck and the drones must wait for each other at the landing locations. A customer prize can be collected at most once, either upon visiting it by the truck or upon serving it by a drone. Similarly to the OP, we maximize the total collected prize under the condition that the truck and the drones return to the depot within a given amount of time. We provide a mixed-integer linear programming formulation for the OP-mD and devise a tailored branch-and-cut algorithm based on a novel decomposition of the problem. We solve instances of the OP-mD with up to 50 nodes within one hour of CPU time with a standard computational setup. Finally, we adapt our framework to solve closely related problems in the literature and compare the resulting computational performance with that of previous studies.
Santoro, Maurício. Brazil-China Relations in the 21st Century: The Making of a Strategic Partnership. 2022. Singapore: Springer Singapore Pte. Limited. 1st Edition, 139p. ISBN 9811903522 | Santoro, Maurício. Relações Brasil-China no século XXI: a construção de uma parceria estratégica. 2022. Cingapure: Springer Singapore Pte. Limited. 1a Edição, 139p. ISBN 9811903522
Authors: De Souza Porto Luis Filipe
Published: November 2023

Maurício Santoro explores the role China has played in Brazil's COVID pandemic era politics, carefully examining the participation of commodities in Sino-Brazilian trade and the environmental issues that arise. The literature on Brazil-China relations has expanded significantly during the last few years, however, most of the scholarship focuses mostly on trade and economic approaches. Santoro provides a new framework for understanding the current state of Sino-Brazilian relations in a changing world, bringing the reader an intelligent and conscientious example of diplomatic historical research that goes far beyond trade. For dealing with a profound and multifaceted approach, and presenting a broad perspective of this bilateral relationship, I consider the book “Brazil-China Relations in the 21st Century” as a pioneer for the study of Brazil relations with China.Keywords: Brazil. China. Sino Brazilian relations.RESUMODurante o período da pandemia de Covid-19, Maurício Santoro explorou o papel político que a China desempenhou para o Brasil, examinando cuidadosamente a participação das commodities no comércio sino-brasileiro e as questões ambientais que surgiram ao longo da relação bilateral. A literatura sobre as relações Brasil-China expandiu-se significativamente durante os últimos anos, no entanto, a maioria dos estudos concentra-se principalmente em abordagens comerciais e econômicas. Santoro fornece uma nova estrutura para a compreensão do estado atual das relações sino-brasileiras em um mundo em transformação, trazendo ao leitor um exemplo talentoso de pesquisa histórica diplomática que vai muito além do comércio. Por tratar de uma abordagem profunda e multifacetada, e apresentar uma perspectiva ampla dessa relação bilateral, considero o livro “Relações Brasil-China no século XXI” como pioneiro no estudo das relações do Brasil com a China.Palavras-chave: Brasil. China. Relações sino-brasileiras.Recebido em: 05 mar. 2023 | Aceito em: 04 jul. 2023.
The importance of peri-anaesthetic temperature management: part 2
Authors: Kershaw Tawny
Published: November 2023

When considering patient temperature management under anaesthesia, hyperthermia is a rare complication. Associated risk factors, management and prevention of hyperthermia are considered in this article to ensure that veterinary nurses feel confident in dealing with these cases and identifying atrisk patients. This article is the second in a series dedicated to exploring the importance of temperature monitoring and management during the anaesthetic period.
A EXPANSÃO DO CONHECIMENTO CIENTÍFICO NA AMAZÔNIA: desdobramentos do interiorização do ensino federal superior da Unifesspa
Authors: Gonçalves Gumiero Rafael , Moreno Redón Sérgio , Lopes Tigre Ana Maria , Fernandes Gustavo
Published: November 2023

A interiorização do ensino superior na Amazônia pelo Reuni ocorreu de forma tardia, com a criação da UFOPA e da Unifesspa. A universidade pública pode desempenhar importante estratégia na produção de conhecimento científico no território. O objetivo deste artigo é mensurar o conhecimento científico produzido por publicações sobre a cidade de Marabá, compreendendo o recorte temporal desde a primeira publicação até 2019. A metodologia aplicada perpassou pela coleta de dados do Censo do Ensino Superior, do INEP, e a consulta em plataformas digitais, Periódicos da Capes, Google Scholar, periódicos científicos, e de bibliotecas digitais de universidades sobre as palavras chaves sobre a cidade de Marabá, nas áreas científicas da Capes das Ciências Humanas e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas. Nos anos 2013 a 2019, compreendeu a implementação da Unifesspa e a expansão das produções científicas sobre o munícipio de Marabá, catalisada principalmente pela interiorização do ensino superior federal propagado pelo Reuni.
The moduli space of stable supercurves and its canonical line bundle
Authors: Felder Giovanni , Kazhdan David , Polishchuk Alexander
Published: November 2023

Abstract: We prove that the moduli of stable supercurves with punctures is a smooth proper DM stack and study an analog of the Mumford's isomorphism for its canonical line bundle.
"It was a strange figure": The Fairies of A Christmas Carol
Authors: Dobbs Joshua
Published: November 2023

Abstract: With Marley's death emphatically declared in the opening pages of A Christmas Carol , his subsequent appearance clearly defines him as a Victorian ghost. However, the Ghosts of Christmases Past, Present, and To Come conform to no such definition. Dickens never definitively reveals what they are, despite offering lengthy physical descriptions. There exists, as of yet, no thorough investigation into their identities. This article explores A Christmas Carol through a fairy lens because of the popularity of fairy folklore throughout the Victorian era, and Dickens's intimate knowledge of the subject. It identifies the probable fairy origins of the three spirits and demonstrates their connection to the very people that Scrooge initially pushes to the peripheries of his existence. The article also demonstrates that each specific type of fairy represented by the three Christmas spirits would have been known to Dickens.
“Her Infant at Her Breast”: Breastfeeding as Survival and Resistance in Colonial Haiti
Authors: Weaver Karol Kovalovich
Published: November 2023

Abstract: This article analyzes published sources, archival records, and prints and paintings to show that, over the course of the eighteenth century, white colonists in Saint-Domingue attempted unsuccessfully to dehumanize enslaved persons by exploiting their breasts as sources of productive and reproductive labor and by disfiguring them by means of brands. Enslaved women and men resisted that control. Despite being branded, enslaved persons ran away. Knowing the tremendous cultural and social value accorded to their breasts, enslaved women, whether as mothers or othermothers, pursued a strategy of subversive breastfeeding. By so doing, they nurtured children and sustained survival, including fugitive networks. Ultimately, these Black mothers impacted how freedom was defined and imagined both during and long after the Haitian Revolution. These findings contribute to histories of the breast, the Haitian Revolution, intimate labor, and the body. They make visible women and their decisions in challenging enslavement.
Medicine, Magic, Alchemy, Food, and Ink: Recipes in the Cairo Geniza
Authors: Rustow Marina
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Contribution to the essay forum "The Jewish Recipe."
Zadie Smith Brings Time into the House: Embodied Temporalities in NW
Authors: Quarrie Cynthia
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: This paper takes a new look at the relationship between Zadie Smith’s widely-discussed 2008 essay, “Two Paths for the Novel,” and her subsequent experimental novel, NW (2012), focusing on Smith’s critique of Tom McCarthy’s implicitly post-racial and masculinist avant-garde aesthetic. Drawing on Sara Ahmed’s image of the well-worn path (to which her phrase “strange temporalities” is attached), as well as Tyler Bradway’s argument for narrative temporality as “a condition of possibility for queerness,” this paper examines the ways in which queer, feminine, and racialized bodies diverge from McCarthy’s path. As Smith puts it in her novel, whether they want to or not, “women come bearing time.” This essay examines the temporalities these bodies are caught up in, as they make use of the affordances of the lyrical realist novel, but with attention to its elisions, and by pushing on its limits.
High-resolution Volumetric Cell Imaging with Deep Fourier Light-Field Microscopy (DFLFM)
Authors: Hua Xuanwen , Liu Wenhao , Jia Shu
Published: November 2023

We developed a deep Fourier light-field microscope integrating a deep learning scheme and a Fourier light-field microscope. We demonstrated a diffraction-limited resolution and a 3D reconstruction speed of ~16 volumes per second.