bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Investigation of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Infection in Pigs in Namibia
Authors: Molini Umberto , Marruchella Giuseppe , Matheus Frieda , Hemberger Yvonne Maria , Chiwome Bernard , Khaiseb Siegfried , Cattoli Giovanni , Franzo Giovanni
Published: May 2021

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV-3) infection is widely distributed in domestic pig populations in America, Europe, and Asia. However, no data is currently available about its presence and distribution in Africa. This study investigated the presence of PCV-3 in pigs (n = 122) in Namibia, by means of biomolecular methods. The pig samples collected (n = 122) were representative of the swine industry in Namibia, covering the major pig production facilities in the country. All of the samples tested were negative for PCV-3, and this indicated that the virus was either not present in the country or was circulating at low levels. Further studies are needed to better understand the distribution, if any, of PCV-3 in Namibia.
COVID-19, Livestock Systems and Food Security in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review of an Emerging Literature
Authors: Abu Hatab Assem , Krautscheid Lena , Boqvist Sofia
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we carried out a systematic literature review to document the emerging scientific knowledge about COVID-19 impact on livestock systems and food security in developing countries to identify gaps and possible avenues for future research undertakings. Specifically, we systematically reviewed 68 peer-reviewed articles extracted based on rigorous selection criteria from Scopus, PubMed and ISI Web of Science databases and published between December 2019 and February 2021. Our results reveal that livestock supply chains presented an important ‘intermediary’ pathway through which the pandemic affected various dimensions of food security in developing countries. Although the research response has been rapid in terms of both quantity and temporal succession, we find a highly suggestive disjunction in studies analyzing the interconnections between COVID-19 pandemic, livestock systems and food security in developing countries. With respect to the livestock supply chain, the bulk of the reviewed evidence focuses on production and consumption, whereas considerably less focus is given to the pandemic’s impact on intermediaries within livestock chains, including traders, intermediaries and processors. The analysis of livestock supply chain resilience revolves predominantly around the ‘absorbance’ and ‘recovery’ phases of resilience, whereas only a small subset of the literature investigates actions taken by supply chain actors to ‘plan’ or to ‘adapt’ livestock systems in order to reduce their vulnerability and enhance their overall resilience. Furthermore, food security has often been narrowly defined, with the majority of articles focusing on ‘availability’ and ‘accessibility’ to food due to the pandemic, and other dimensions of food security, including utilization, stability and sustainability, have been widely neglected. Based on our findings, we recommend future research to examine the dynamics of propagation of COVID-19 impact through livestock supply chains in order to develop more targeted interventions that enhance the capacity of developing countries to cope with this and future disruptions and mitigate their food insecurity outcomes. To this end, more holistic, integrated and resilience-based approaches are much recommended to recognize the complex nature of livestock systems in developing countries and to address the multifaceted and widespread effects of COVID-19 on food security channeled through livestock chains.
RETRACTED: Investigation of the Potential of Nebivolol Hydrochloride-Loaded Chitosomal Systems for Tissue Regeneration: In Vitro Characterization and In Vivo Assessment
Authors: Elsherif Noha , Al-Mahallawi Abdulaziz , Abdelkhalek Abdelfattah , Shamma Rehab
Published: May 2021

In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of nebivolol hydrochloride (NVH), a third-generation beta-blocker and NO donor drug, and chitosan on the tissue regeneration. Ionic gelation method was selected for the preparation of NVH-loaded chitosomes using chitosan lactate and sodium tripolyphosphate. The effect of different formulation variables was studied using a full factorial design, and NVH entrapment efficiency percentages and particle size were selected as the responses. The chosen system demonstrated high entrapment efficiency (73.68 ± 3.61%), small particle size (404.05 ± 11.2 nm), and good zeta potential value (35.6 ± 0.25 mV). The best-achieved formula demonstrated spherical morphology in transmission electron microscopy and amorphization of the crystalline drug in differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Cell culture studies revealed a significantly higher proliferation of the fibroblasts in comparison with the drug suspensions and the blank formula. An in vivo study was conducted to compare the efficacy of the proposed formula on wound healing. The histopathological examination showed the superiority of NVH-loaded chitosomes on the wound proliferation and the non-significant difference in the collagen deposition after 15 days of the injury to that of intact skin. In conclusion, NVH-loaded chitosomes exhibited promising results in enhancing skin healing and tissue regeneration.
Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Plants Belonging to the Cephalaria (Caprifoliaceae) Genus
Authors: Chrząszcz Małgorzata , Krzemińska Barbara , Celiński Rafał , Szewczyk Katarzyna
Published: May 2021

The genus Cephalaria, belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family, is a rich source of interesting secondary metabolites, including mainly saponins which display a variety of biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial and hemolytic effects. Besides these compounds, flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified in Cephalaria species. Cephalaria is employed in traditional medicine e.g., to cure cardiac and lung diseases, rheumatism, and regulate menstruation. In this review we focus on the phenolic compound composition and antioxidative activity of Cephalaria species. The antioxidant effect can be explained by flavonoids present in all parts of these plants. However, future efforts should concentrate more on in vitro and in vivo studies and also on clinical trials in order to confirm the possibility of using these plants as natural antioxidants for the pharmacology, food or cosmetic industries.
A Generalist Feeding on Brassicaceae: It Does Not Get Any Better with Selection
Authors: Zalucki Jacinta M. , Heckel David G. , Wang Peng , Kuwar Suyog , Vassão Daniel G. , Perkins Lynda , Zalucki Myron P.
Published: May 2021

Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) are ostensibly defended in part against generalist insect herbivores by toxic isothiocyanates formed when protoxic glucosinolates are hydrolysed. Based on an analysis of published host records, feeding on Brassicas is widespread by both specialist and generalists in the Lepidoptera. The polyphagous noctuid moth Helicoverpa armigera is recorded as a pest on some Brassicas and we attempted to improve performance by artificial selection to, in part, determine if this contributes to pest status. Assays on cabbage and kale versus an artificial diet showed no difference in larval growth rate, development times and pupal weights between the parental and the selected strain after 2, 21 and 29 rounds of selection, nor in behaviour assays after 50 generations. There were large differences between the two Brassicas: performance was better on kale than cabbage, although both were comparable to records for other crop hosts, on which the species is a major pest. We discuss what determines “pest” status.
Using Graphene-Based Grease as a Heat Conduction Material for Hectowatt-Level LEDs: A Natural Convection Experiment
Authors: Hsu Chih-Neng , Lee Keng-Wei , Chen Chun-Chih
Published: May 2021

In this study, a self-adjusting concentration of graphene thermal grease was developed to reduce the contact surface thermal resistance of 50 W light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The purpose was to identify an important type of heat conduction material with a high thermal conductivity coefficient, which can be applied to the contact surface of various high-heat sources or concentrated heat sources to achieve seamless heat transfer with an extremely low thermal resistance state. The contact heat conduction material conductivity reached the highest K value of 13.4 W/m·K with a 15 wt.% self-adjusting concentration of graphene grease. This material could continuously achieve a completely uniform and rapid thermal diffusion of heat energy. Therefore, we performed an analysis of chip-on-board light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a highly concentrated heat source, which showed excellent heat dissipation under natural convection heat transfer. As such, this study achieved the natural convection mechanism and a heat sink volume thermal performance capacity of 473,750 mm3 for LEDs under 50 W, but those over 50 W require an enhanced forced convection solution and a heat sink volume thermal performance capacity between 473,750 mm3 and 947,500 mm3. If the heat source dissipation reaches 100 W, the volume capacity must be at least 947,500 mm3 for lighting equipment applications. In the experimental study, we also verified and analyzed the research data, including an analysis of the measured data, grease component wt.%, heat sink material selection, increase in heat sink volume, heat transfer path, and contact surface, a discrimination analysis of infrared thermal images, and an analysis of flow visualization, which were conducted to ensure quantitative and qualitative improvement, provide a mechanism for judging the technical performance, and provide research results to enable discussion.
Not a Country or a Stereotype: Latina LDS Experiences of Ethnic Homogenization and Racial Tokenism in the American West
Authors: Romanello Brittany
Published: May 2021

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS), also called Mormonism, has experienced rapid changes in its US demographics due to an influx of Latinx membership. The most recent growth in the US church body has been within Spanish-speaking congregations, and many of these congregant members are first or 1.5-generation immigrant Latinas. Using ethnographic data from 27 interviews with immigrant members living in Utah, Nevada, and California, LDS Latinas reported that while US Anglo members did seem to appreciate certain aspects of their cultural customs or practices, they also reported frequently experiencing ethnic homogenization or racial tokenization within US Church spaces and with White family members. Our findings indicate that the contemporary LDS church, despite some progressive policy implementations within its doctrinal parameters, still struggles in its ever-globalizing state to prioritize exposing White US members to the cultural heterogeneity of non-White, global LDS identities and perspectives. Latina LDS experiences and their religious adjacency to Whiteness provide a useful lens by which researchers can better understand the ways in which ethnic identity, gender, legal status, and language create both opportunities and challenges for immigrant incorporation and inclusion within US religious spaces and add to the existing body of scholarship on migration and religion.
Can Commercial Low-Cost Drones and Open-Source GIS Technologies Be Suitable for Semi-Automatic Weed Mapping for Smart Farming? A Case Study in NE Italy
Authors: Mattivi Pietro , Pappalardo Salvatore Eugenio , Nikolić Nebojša , Mandolesi Luca , Persichetti Antonio , De Marchi Massimo , Masin Roberta
Published: May 2021

Weed management is a crucial issue in agriculture, resulting in environmental in-field and off-field impacts. Within Agriculture 4.0, adoption of UASs combined with spatially explicit approaches may drastically reduce doses of herbicides, increasing sustainability in weed management. However, Agriculture 4.0 technologies are barely adopted in small-medium size farms. Recently, small and low-cost UASs, together with open-source software packages, may represent a low-cost spatially explicit system to map weed distribution in crop fields. The general aim is to map weed distribution by a low-cost UASs and a replicable workflow, completely based on open GIS software and algorithms: OpenDroneMap, QGIS, SAGA and OpenCV classification algorithms. Specific objectives are: (i) testing a low-cost UAS for weed mapping; (ii) assessing open-source packages for semi-automatic weed classification; (iii) performing a sustainable management scenario by prescription maps. Results showed high performances along the whole process: in orthomosaic generation at very high spatial resolution (0.01 m/pixel), in testing weed detection (Matthews Correlation Coefficient: 0.67–0.74), and in the production of prescription maps, reducing herbicide treatment to only 3.47% of the entire field. This study reveals the feasibility of low-cost UASs combined with open-source software, enabling a spatially explicit approach for weed management in small-medium size farmlands.
Assessment of Tropospheric Concentrations of NO2 from the TROPOMI/Sentinel-5 Precursor for the Estimation of Long-Term Exposure to Surface NO2 over South Korea
Authors: Jeong Ukkyo , Hong Hyunkee
Published: May 2021

Since April 2018, the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) has provided data on tropospheric NO2 column concentrations (CTROPOMI) with unprecedented spatial resolution. This study aims to assess the capability of TROPOMI to acquire high spatial resolution data regarding surface NO2 mixing ratios. In general, the instrument effectively detected major and moderate sources of NO2 over South Korea with a clear weekday–weekend distinction. We compared the CTROPOMI with surface NO2 mixing ratio measurements from an extensive ground-based network over South Korea operated by the Korean Ministry of Environment (SKME; more than 570 sites), for 2019. Spatiotemporally collocated CTROPOMI and SKME showed a moderate correlation (correlation coefficient, r = 0.67), whereas their annual mean values at each site showed a higher correlation (r = 0.84). The CTROPOMI and SKME were well correlated around the Seoul metropolitan area, where significant amounts of NO2 prevailed throughout the year, whereas they showed lower correlation at rural sites. We converted the tropospheric NO2 from TROPOMI to the surface mixing ratio (STROPOMI) using the EAC4 (ECMWF Atmospheric Composition Reanalysis 4) profile shape, for quantitative comparison with the SKME. The estimated STROPOMI generally underestimated the in-situ value obtained, SKME (slope = 0.64), as reported in previous studies.
Using UAV-Based Photogrammetry to Obtain Correlation between the Vegetation Indices and Chemical Analysis of Agricultural Crops
Authors: Janoušek Jiří , Jambor Václav , Marcoň Petr , Dohnal Přemysl , Synková Hana , Fiala Pavel
Published: May 2021

The optimum corn harvest time differs between individual harvest scenarios, depending on the intended use of the crop and on the technical equipment of the actual farm. It is therefore economically significant to specify the period as precisely as possible. The harvest maturity of silage corn is currently determined from the targeted sampling of plants cultivated over large areas. In this context, the paper presents an alternative, more detail-oriented approach for estimating the correct harvest time; the method focuses on the relationship between the ripeness data obtained via photogrammetry and the parameters produced by the chemical analysis of corn. The relevant imaging methodology utilizing a spectral camera-equipped unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) allows the user to acquire the spectral reflectance values and to compute the vegetation indices. Furthermore, the authors discuss the statistical data analysis centered on both the nutritional values found in the laboratory corn samples and on the information obtained from the multispectral images. This discussion is associated with a detailed insight into the computation of correlation coefficients. Statistically significant linear relationships between the vegetation indices, the normalized difference red edge index (NDRE) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in particular, and nutritional values such as dry matter, starch, and crude protein are evaluated to indicate different aspects of and paths toward predicting the optimum harvest time. The results are discussed in terms of the actual limitations of the method, the benefits for agricultural practice, and planned research.
Characterisation of the Historic Urban Landscape through the Aristotelian Four Causes: Towards Comprehensive GIS Databases
Authors: Ramírez Eudave Rafael , Ferreira Tiago Miguel
Published: May 2021

The Historic Urban Landscape provides a basis to comprehensively study the city, considering the numerous agents and stakeholders involved in the urban phenomenon. However, the characterisation of the city is challenging, due to the numerous ways of reading and using the city. Although several theoretical approaches address the process of documenting the city, there is still a gap related to the design of a generalised, holistic, and comprehensive framework. This article aims to contribute to this purpose by discussing the concept of the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) and its implications for the characterisation of the urban phenomena. The Aristotelian theory of the causes is proposed here as a suitable approach for the description, characterisation, and analysis of virtually any entity by first discussing its theoretical basis and then testing it in a real building located in the historical city, Guimarães, Portugal. A set of tools related to Geographic Information System databases are comprehensively explored during the implementation process of the approach, allowing to identify and discuss a set of limitations, challenges, and opportunities.
Distraction in the Driving Simulator: An Event-Related Potential (ERP) Study with Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Drivers
Authors: Karthaus Melanie , Wascher Edmund , Getzmann Stephan
Published: May 2021

Distraction is a major causal factor of road crashes, and very young and older drivers seem to be particularly susceptible to distracting stimuli; however, the possibilities of exploring the causes for increased distractibility of these groups in real traffic seem to be limited. Experiments in a driving simulator are a good choice to eliminate the risk for crashes and to present highly standardized stimulus combinations. In the present study, 72 subjects from four age groups completed a driving task that required occasional responses to the brake lights of a car in front. In addition, in certain experimental conditions, subjects had to respond to distracting visual or auditory stimuli. In addition to behavioral data, electrophysiological correlates of stimulus processing were derived from the electroencephalogram (EEG). In the two older groups, braking response times increased even in a simple task condition when visual distraction stimuli occurred. In more complex task conditions braking response times increased with acoustic and visual distractors in the middle-aged group as well. In these complex task conditions braking error rates, especially the missing of braking reaction in favor of the distracting task, increased under visual distraction with increasing age. Associated with this, a reduced P3b component in the event-related potential indicated an unfavorable allocation of mental resources. The study demonstrates the potential of driving simulators for studying effects of distraction, but also their limitations with respect to the interpretability of the results.
Clastogenicity and Aneugenicity of 1,4-Benzoquinone in Different Lineages of Mouse Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
Authors: Chow Paik Wah , Abd Hamid Zariyantey , Mathialagan Ramya Dewi , Rajab Nor Fadilah , Shuib Salwati , Sulong Sarina
Published: May 2021

Previous reports on hematotoxicity and leukemogenicity related to benzene exposure highlighted its adverse effects on hematopoiesis. Despite the reported findings, studies concerning the mechanism of benzene affecting chromosomal integrity in lineage-committed hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) remain unclear. Here, we studied the clastogenicity and aneugenicity of benzene in lineage-committed HSPCs via karyotyping. Isolated mouse bone marrow cells (MBMCs) were exposed to the benzene metabolite 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ) at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 7, and 12 μM for 24 h, followed by karyotyping. Then, the chromosomal aberration (CA) in 1,4-BQ-exposed hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) comprising myeloid, Pre-B lymphoid, and erythroid lineages were evaluated following colony-forming cell (CFC) assay. Percentage of CA, predominantly via Robertsonian translocation (Rb), was increased significantly (p < 0.05) in MBMCs and all progenitors at all concentrations. As a comparison, Pre-B lymphoid progenitor demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of CA (p < 0.05) than erythroid progenitor at 1.25, 2.5, and 7 μM as well as a significantly higher percentage (p < 0.05) than myeloid progenitor at 7 μM of 1,4-BQ. In conclusion, 1,4-BQ induced CA, particularly via Rb in both MBMCs and HPCs, notably via a lineage-dependent response. The role of lineage specificity in governing the clastogenicity and aneugenicity of 1,4-BQ deserves further investigation.
Digital risks as divers of development of modern science and education
Authors: Kazakova Natalia Aleksandrovna
Published: May 2021

The international strategy for the development of competitive advantages based on digitalization has not only become a powerful driver of socio-economic and technological spheres, including science and education, but also created new, digital risks that require their identification, assessment and countermeasures. The study is aimed at assessing the digitalization trends of the Russian economy in comparison with global trends, identifying digital risks and directions for the development of economic education and science. The analysis showed that the highest level of digitalization is observed in the public and financial sectors, it is also noted in some industries, which is associated with robotization and the introduction of integrated platforms. The digital environment develops methods of accounting, analysis, diagnostics and control, changing the priorities and vector of assessing business efficiency, primarily for companies associated with the creation of databases, information resources, computer software, information processing, the key capital of which is intellectual capital (digital , human, reputational). To date, the methods of business analysis of companies in the IT sector are practically not developed by economic science, and there are no officially recognized ones yet. It is clear that the information base for such analysis should be much wider than the traditionally used one, including big data analytics. At the same time, one should pay attention to the fact that the analysis of the transparency of the activities of the IT sector companies indicates their informational secrecy. Thus, the article examines digital risks caused by the growth of digital transactions in economic transactions, an increase in the share of digital assets and intellectual capital, a change in key indicators for assessing the effectiveness of companies in the digital economy, as well as the transformation of economic professions and the increased requirements of employers for the professional competencies of personnel. In this aspect, points of potential demand for information and analytical competencies and professional values have been identified, which serve as a navigator of the development processes of modern economic education and science.
Search for new approaches to compensative gardening in the territory of the city of Barnaul
Authors: Koroleva Elena Nikolaevna , Mishchenko Irina Konstantinovna
Published: May 2021

In real urban environments, only large green areas have a significant impact on the microclimate of the territory. That is why we should strive to expand the area of green spaces in cities through compensatory gardening, and create new regulatory documents. Landscaping has a significant impact on the possibility of full-fledged recreation of city residents, form the aesthetic image of the city, improve its architectural and artistic appearance. That is why compensatory landscaping is a topical issue in every country and one of the priority tasks among authorities at all levels. The establishment of mechanisms for the solution of environmental problems will allow to create comfortable living conditions for the population. In the article, the authors conduct a comparative analysis of the state of natural complexes in some cities of the Russian Federation with different climatic conditions and their compliance with the standards of gardening, the urban environment quality index. Based on the analysis, the reasons for the achieved indicators in the field of improvement are established and measures are proposed to improve them in order to achieve an optimal level of comfort for the population. Special attention is paid to the need to improve the regulatory framework of cities in order to create a unified concept of gardening and increase the area of landscaped spaces, shortcomings in legal acts on compensatory gardening are identified. As a result, the authors formulated proposals to change the existing gardening system and created an optimal legal act regulating gardening issues. The application of this act will solve environmental issues not only in individual cities, but also in the country as a whole.
Reuse of disposable gowns for COVID-19 personal protective equipment purposes in times of scarcity: results of an experimental study with hydrogen peroxide vaporization
Authors: Pelzer Roy J. , Magdeleyns Elke JP , Savelkoul Paul HM , Van Alphen Lieke B van Alphen , Van der Zwet Wil C
Published: May 2021

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many health organizations faced shortages of personal protective equipment for their personnel. In case of extreme urgency, re-using disposable materials might offer a temporary solution. Hydrogen peroxide vaporization (HPV) has been used for disinfection of patient rooms for more than a decade. We investigated HPV as a method for disinfecting disposable gowns. After HPV, gowns proved to be free of bacteria and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA while their functionality and water-repellency remained intact. We conclude that, in case of emergency and lack of available alternatives, HPV is a suitable and relatively inexpensive method for one-time reuse of disposable gowns.
Effects of replacing grain feed with rumen-protected fat on feedlot performance, ruminal parameters and blood metabolites in growing Merino lambs’ diets during the hot season
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Hıdır , KARAKAS OGUZ Fatma , OĞUZ Mustafa Numan , BUĞDAYCI Kadir Emre , DAĞLI Hüseyin
Published: May 2021

In this study, the effects of rumen-protected fat (RPF) were evaluated as an energy source for partial replacement of grain feed in the diets of Merino male lambs during the hot season. Fourteen six months old Merino male lambs weighing average of 29.59 kg were randomly allocated into two groups: control diet (CON) and diets supplemented with 30 g/kg RPF. Live weight (LW), dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) were recorded, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was then calculated. The ruminal pH, the ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentrations (NH3-N) value, the molar proportion of volatile fatty acid (VFA), blood serum as well as hematological parameters were determined and protozoa numbers were counted. While the live weight and daily gain of the lambs were not influenced by dietary treatments, DMI was increased with RPF supplementation. The ruminal pH, VFA and ruminal NH3-N concentrations were unchanged, but the protozoa numbers decreased significantly by RPF supplementation (P<0.05). RPF supplementation significantly affected some serum and hematological parameters in comparison to the control group. In conclusion, RPF may be added to concentrate mixture lamb feed at the level of 30 g/kg to enhance the diet energy density without negatively changing the animal’s performance.
Features of the relationship between perfectionism and motivation in young chess players
Authors: Nesvetaylo Anzhelika V.
Published: May 2021

This article describes the results of a study of perfectionism on motivation in chess players aged 11 to 15. A total of 74 sportsmen took part in the testing, of which 23 were girls and 51 were boys. The study of perfectionism was carried out using Rory C. O'Connor and Diane Dixon scale for measuring perfectionism for children and adolescents, which was successfully adapted to a Russian sample of chess players. The study of motivation – using the methodology "Why I go in for sports", developed on the basis of the theory of self-determination by Richard M. Ryan and Edward L. Deci. The results of the study revealed a good relationship between perfectionism and motivation, thereby showing the peculiarity of the relationship between perfectionism and internal and external motivation among young chess players
Problems of polyethnic teaching of the lexical system of the Russian language
Authors: Eremeeva Angelina Pavlovna , Bogdanova Elena Svyatoslavovna
Published: May 2021

Globalisation and complex migration processes make the Russian educational space multi-ethnic. The article reveals the difficulties of teaching vocabulary in the lessons of the Russian language in a multi-ethnic environment. The authors consider the issue of adaptation of the vocabulary learning process to the educational needs of students when emphasising that foreign-speaking children experience language and cultural shock while entering the Russian-speaking environment. It is indicated that in polyethnic classes vocabulary acquisition is realised in communicative activity in the language of instruction. This activates the process of lexical skills development (word recognition while listening to the sounding text, the use of the word in an oral statement and a written text, etc.). It is proved that lexical work based on the text is the most effective in multi-ethnic classes. Here are practical materials for the organisation of such work. Lexical exercises in multi-ethnic classes are complicated in nature and include work on pronunciation, meaning, study of the lexical and grammatical meaning of a word, features of inflection and word formation, lexical and semantic compatibility of a word, reference to dictionaries.
The influence of state policy on the development of Soviet out-of-school chemistry education in the 1920
Authors: Polupanenko Elena G.
Published: May 2021

The article presents an analysis of the actual Soviet practice of out-of-school chemistry education in the early years of the Soviet power and the changes that took place in out-of-school education in the new educational environment under the influence of socio-political factors. A description of the main modernisation processes in the education system as a whole, which influenced the development and improvement of Soviet out-of-school chemistry education in the 1920s, is presented. The main legislative acts and decrees of the Soviet government in the field of out-of-school education in the 1920s, which led to the renewal of the goals and content of additional chemistry education in accordance with the tasks of global polytechnic national education of the people, are considered. At the legislative level, the Soviet power had returned the management of out-of-school education to the People's Commissariat for Education, which contributed to its development and the variety of its directions and forms. The article focuses on the need to carefully study the positive historical experience of organising out-of-school chemistry education in the 1920s in order to identify the directions of its modernisation at the present stage of development of the system of additional education for schoolchildren.
Fractal movement in the visualisation processes
Authors: Lobashev Igor V. , Lobashev Valery D.
Published: May 2021

The article is dedicated to the transformation of learning processes. The causal reasons for the widespread use of the fractal approach in the use of techniques and methods of visualising educational information are considered. The specifics of the use of fractal movement in the organisation of the educational process are described. The role and place of the teacher in the management of transfer and disclosure processes is noted. The fractal organisation of the learning route algorithm is characterised by a markedly deep determinism of the factors that determine the purpose and result of learning. The text notes the conditions of filling the thesaurus of the learner, improving its intellectual property in the form of transmission, assimilation and rejection of information. The elements of the thesaurus formed in the fractal educational field orient both the teacher and the learner to an extended view of a qualitatively in-depth approach to presenting in a specific unity of elements of visualised educational material. The connection between the individual abilities of the teacher and the potential of the learner is been traced. The conditions of the optimal combination of information flow and abilities of the learner, determining the success of training, are highlighted. Positive experience of the implementation of the proposed provisions of the educational process implies further analysis of the mechanisms and procedures of the fractal educational space.
The interrelation between vulnerability to fascism and empathy channels in students
Authors: Smirnov Alexsandr A. , Solovyeva Elizaveta Valerievna
Published: May 2021

In the course of formation, a society can regress to earlier stages of its development. Even solved problems can become topical again. In a crisis situation, there is a danger of an increase in the number of people confirmed by the anti-democratic ideology (fascism). That is why it is important to investigate the structure of the authoritarian personality and what contributes to its development. Empathy as a way of knowing other people is considered the best means of humanizing the individual and forming understanding. When considering the relationship, this hypothesis was refuted. The interaction of vulnerability to anti-democratic ideology and empathy is ambiguous. In this study, it was found that the channels of empathy make a destructive contribution to the structure of the personality. Positive relationships between the components of fascisation and the parameters of empathy aimed at collecting information from the external environment are established. In line with the systematic and acmeological approaches, it was revealed that the irrational channels of empathy: intuitive and emotional-contribute to the growth of Superstition and stereotypy, the Complex of Power and Projectivity. Basic in the interrelated components of fascisation and empathy channels is the irrationality and complexity of explication (deployment), explanation, verification of information. Thus, the heterogeneous and destabilising contribution of empathy to the structure of personality is shown.
A Review on Modelling of Knee Joint Using Medical Imaging Methods
Authors:   Harcourt Butler Technical University Kanpur, Kumar Deepak , Bhaskar Jitendra
Published: May 2021

The accuracy of the 3D CAD model of the knee joint is based on various factors like imaging method i.e CT scan, MRI data, modelling software and different algorithms for segmentation. For generating geometrical and CAD model techniques like CT scan, Co-ordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) and 3D laser scanner is used. So in this paper efforts have been made to study the different factors which affect the accuracy of a 3D CAD and additively manufactured knee model. Accuracy of the knee joint is important for anatomical study, implant modeling, and pre-surgical planning. The segmentation technique is another important factor that affects the accuracy of a 3D CAD model so each segmentation technique has its pros and cons therefore evaluation of segmentation technique is also studied and compared with each other.
Analysis of the Behavior in the Wind Tunnel of an Experimental Model of Savonius with Interlocking Cups with the Classic Ones with 2, 3 and 4 Semi-Cylindrical Cups
Authors: CAZACU Nelu
Published: May 2021

The paper is based on experiments conducted on the wind tunnel at low wind speeds (<9.5 m/s), on an experimental model of S-rotor wind turbine type with four blades and a D/H ratio of 1. Semi-cylindrical cups opposite 180 degrees are aerodynamically coupled by overlap and with an air passage gap to equalize the pressures. The formed channel is shaped to allow the same for pairs of blades at 90 degrees. The experimental model has an area of 0.025 m2 which represents 10% of the surface of the measuring section of the wind tunnel (0.25 m2). The behavior of the experimental model was compared with the experimental models of S-rotor with 2, 3 and 4 semi-cylindrical cups, with the same interception surface. The results confirm the better start of the experimental model by reducing dead zones and operating more evenly and stably over a longer range of wind speeds. The results confirm the validity of the proposed concept of interwoven aerodynamic coupling of semi-cylindrical cups.
Tourist focus of handmade souvenirs: two markets case of Acapulco
Authors: ROJAS-COPA Aline Estrella , NIÑO-GUTIÉRREZ Naú Silverio , NIÑO-CASTILLO Isaías Naú , NIÑO-CASTILLO Jacob Elías
Published: May 2021

The main objective was to synthesize the importance of handicrafts among tourists who visited the markets "El Pueblito" and "La Diana" in Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico. The methodology used was cabinet work between September 2018 and March 2019 in order to compile the existing documentary information on the study categories: souvenirs, crafts and tourism. A questionnaire made up of 26 items was also prepared, of which the responses of the most relevant that contribute to the achievement of the general objective are presented here. Among the results, it was found that the products that are most in demand among tourists are those derived from coconut, namely: coconut sweets, decorative items based on the said vegetable product of natural origin, among others. The most relevant conclusion was that from the economic point of view, handicrafts represent an important source of income for the members of the native groups that make handicrafts on a small scale with affordable costs. This research contributes to the recent international bibliography on artisan souvenirs that are elaborated with love, enthusiasm and identity, by people from the population groups originating from the various parts of the world.
Rol de los astrocitos proliferativos luego de la lesión de la corteza cerebral murina
Authors:   , Frik Jesica
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo se estudiaron los astrocitos proliferativos en dos modelos distintos de lesión del sistema nervioso central: la lesión traumática de la corteza cerebral y la isquemia como resultado de la oclusión de la arteria cerebral media. Los astrocitos proliferativos se encuentran ubicados principalmente en posiciones adyacentes a los vasos sanguíneos cerebrales. Con el objetivo de elucidar el rol de esta subpoblación astrocitaria mediante la manipulación genética de ratones, se crearon modelos para alterar la respuesta astrocitaria proliferativa y se estudió el comportamiento de células gliales e infiltrados inflamatorios en la corteza cerebral lesionada. Los resultados muestran que una disminución en la proliferación de los astrocitos resulta en un aumento del número de monocitos infiltrados mientras que un aumento de la proliferación astrocitaria reduce su número. Se estudió también la evolución de la lesión en ratones deficientes en CCR2, un receptor de quimioquinas involucrado en la extravasación de los monocitos. En este modelo se investigó la respuesta glial en ausencia de las señales generadas por monocitos infiltrados y se encontró un aumento de la proliferación de la macroglia en estas condiciones. Estos resultados muestran una regulación inversa cruzada entre astrocitos y monocitos. Se encontró, además, que la disminución del número de monocitos infiltrados tiene consecuencias positivas durante la cicatrización glial resultando en menor deposición de matriz extracelular, un incremento en el área ocupada por neuronas y una disminución del área ocupada por GFAP. Estos resultados sientan bases para un nuevo enfoque terapéutico en medicina regenerativa en el que se module la proliferación glial y la infiltración de monocitos para lograr una mejor cicatrización del tejido nervioso lesionado.
PEMANFAATAN TEPUNG KOMPOSIT PISANG GOROHO (Musa acuminate) DAN UBI JALAR KUNING (Ipomoea batatas. L) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN CRUST PIE
Authors: Ria Nizar , Rawung Dekie , Nurali Erny J. N.
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to analyze the composition and sensory quality of the crust pie made of composite flour of goroho and yellow sweet potato. This study was conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 different composition ratio of goroho plantain flour to yellow sweet potato flour, i.e., A (80% : 20%), B (70%: 30%), C (60%: 40%), and D (50% : 50%). The results of the study showed that the chemical composition of pie crust were in a range of 2.87% - 4.74% for moisture content, 2.66% - 2.72% for ash content, 32.10% - 32.95% for fat content, 5.90% - 6.06% for protein content, 3.76% - 4.77% for crude fiber, and 50.04% - 55.50% for carbohydrates content. The pie crust made from composite flour 50% goroho : 50% yellow sweet potato was the most preferred by panelists in terms of color, aroma, taste and texture with a value of 3.89 (like).Keywords: pie crust, composite flour, goroho plantain, sweet potato
PENGARUH SUHU PASTEURISASI TERHADAP PROFIL DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PUREE BUAH NAGA MERAH
Authors: Sugiyanto Maya Kumalasari , Sumual Maria Fransiska , Djarkasi Gregoria
Published: May 2021

Antioksidan dapat menghambat stres oksidatif. Buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) merupakan salah satu sumber pangan nabati yang mengandung antioksidan flavonoid. Pengolahan buah naga merah menjadi puree dapat mempertahankan nilai gizi dan cita rasa buah. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi profil antioksidan dan aktivitas antioksidan puree buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) yang dihasilkan melalui proses pasteurisasi pada suhu 65oC, 75oC, 85oC, dan 95oC. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode eksperimen. Parameter yang diukur yaitu analisis senyawa bioaktif yang meliputi total fenol, flavonoid, antosianin, aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH dan FRAP, kadar air dan kadar serat kasar. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini yaitu total fenol pada suhu 65oC 1,15 mg GAE/g, 75oC 0,94 mg GAE/g, 85oC 0,91 mg GAE/g, 95oC 0,84 mg GAE/g, kadar flavonoid pada perlakuan 65oC 0,71 mg QE/g, 75oC 0,70 mg QE/g, 85oC 0,70 mg QE/g, 95oC 0,56 mg QE/g, kadar antosianin pada suhu 65oC 51,18%, 75oC 38,13%, 85oC 37,96%, 95oC 29,55%, aktivitas antioksidan metode DPPH pada suhu 65oC 4,18 mg/ml, 75oC 107,74 mg/ml, 85oC 109,22 mg/ml, 95oC 112,56 mg/ml, aktivitas antioksidan metode FRAP pada suhu 65oC 12,75 mg, 75oC 12,45 mg, 85oC 11,24 mg, 95oC 9,90 mg, kadar air pada suhu 65oC 88,66%, 75oC 89,13%, 85oC 89,06%, 95oC 83,8% dan kadar serat kasar pada suhu 65oC 7,7%, 75oC 7,06%, 85oC 7,39%, 95oC 6,52%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah perlakuan suhu pasteurisasi yang semakin tinggi dapat menurunkan kandungan senyawa bioaktif.
PENGEMBANGAN PANGAN FUNGSIONAL BUBUR INSTAN RENDAH INDEKS GLIKEMIK BERBASIS PANGAN LOKAL
Authors: Mado Juenita Elfunam , Rawung Dekie , Taroreh Mercy
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the nutritional content and glycemic index value of local food-based instant porridge products. The research method used was experimental research with the determination of the glycemic index using a one-shot case study design on a sample of white rats (Rattus novergicus). The results obtained in this study are the glycemic index value of instant porridge which is included in the low GI category, namely goroho plantain 31,88, baruk sago 39,43, and "mulubebe" plantain instant porridge 43,35. Meanwhile, instant porridge that has medium GI is mocaf 59,34. The results of the calculation of the glycemic load of instant porridge which has a low glycemic load are goroho plantain 8.17, while those which have a moderate glycemic load are "mulubebe" plantain 11.88, baruk sago 12.02 and mocaf 17.16 . So that the use of carbohydrate sources from different local foods, namely goroho plantain flour, “mulubebe” plantain flour, baruk sago flour, mocaf flour in instant porridge affects the glycemic index value of instant porridge. Keywords: Instand porridge, glycemic index, plantain, mocaf, sago.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN THE TEACHING OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Authors: Shakhnabieva N.Yu. , Kasymbekova A.M.
Published: May 2021

This article deals with the tasks of teaching foreign languages as a means of communication between representatives of different peoples and cultures.
A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE FOR THE PROVISION OF ROUTINE POLISHING FOR PERIODONTAL HEALTH - AN UPDATE FOR DENTAL SURGEONS
Authors: Das Neelam
Published: May 2021

Healthy teeth and gums make a person feel condent and t. As people go about their daily routines and
with different eating and drinking habits, the tooth enamel turns yellowish or gets stained. Polishing
traditionally has been associated with the prophylaxis procedure in most dental practices, which patients know and expect.
However, now-a-days, polishing is not advised as a part of routine oral prophylaxis procedure but is done selectively based on
the patients' need. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in polishing. In
addition to this, evidence for routine polishing treatments for healthy adults and specic recommendations for dental
practioners are prescribed.
ACUTE AND CHRONICAL BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF W BAND MILLIMETRIC WAVES EXPOSURE IN RATS
Authors: J.C. Debouzy, , D. Crouzier, , Regimbal, S Maunoir- , F. Bourbon, , R Jaoui,
Published: May 2021

The biological effects of millimetric waves systems, MMW (e.g. 5G communications, automotive radars, or crowd control systems, ADS) systems are still scarcely investigated. Hairless rats were exposed to 2 94GHz continuous wave (MMW, CW), under acute high power conditions (3sec at10kW/m ) and under 2 environmental/professional lower power exposure (4 hours a day, for 5 days a week, for 6 months at 10mW/cm ). It was found that the 94 GHz acute exposure provoked the disappearance of the epidermis upper corneal layers and the increase of the inammatory gene expression SOCS-3 after 3Hrs. Besides, neither histological nor genetic modication could be observed after chronic 94 GHz exposure and after an acute and a chronic capsaicin exposure. Conclusions :After a powerful acute exposition a thermal effect is observable, associated with a localized inammatory response. After chronic, low power exposition, an hypoalgesia effect was found, possibly related with an increase in brain plasticity. Mechanistically, the hypothesis is based on low noise stimulation of thermal pain receptors at subthreshold level. Conversely, neither inammation nor no direct change in was found.