bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sliding Mode Flight Control Law Design Requirements for Oblique Wing Aircraft Based on Perturbation Theory
Authors: Wang Lixin , Sun Xun , Liu Hailiang , Ma Jingzhong , Cheng Wenyuan , Tai Shang , Zhu Yun , Yue Ting
Published: May 2024

Flight control law parameters should be designed to provide a sufficient stability margin for closed-loop aircraft while ensuring command tracking accuracy. The singular perturbation margin (SPM) and generalized gain margin (GGM), which are generalizations of the classical phase margin (PM) and gain margin (GM), respectively, from a linear time-invariant system to a nonlinear time-varying system, can be used to quantitatively characterize the maximum singular perturbation and regular perturbation allowed to maintain system stability. In this paper, the sliding mode flight control structure and the design parameters of the sliding mode control law are first introduced for an oblique wing aircraft (OWA), the SPM-gauge and GGM-gauge are added to this closed-loop aircraft model, and the analytical expressions of the SPM and GGM are derived with respect to the control law parameters. Second, the stability margin design requirements of closed-loop aircraft in flight control system design specifications are converted into limitations on the SPM and GGM to determine the value range of the flight control law parameters. Then, with the goal of reducing the sum of the approaching time and sliding time, the parameter value combination is selected within the control law parameter range that meets the stability margin requirements, thus forming a flight control law design method for OWA during the wing skewing process. Finally, the designed control law parameters are applied to a sample OWA, and the stability margin of closed-loop aircraft during the wing skewing process is verified.
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Droppings as Sensitive Markers of Chicken Health Status
Authors: Mozuriene Erika , Mockus Ernestas , Klupsaite Dovile , Starkute Vytaute , Tolpeznikaite Ernesta , Gruzauskas Valentas , Gruzauskas Romas , Paulauskaite-Taraseviciene Agne , Raudonis Vidas , Bartkiene Elena
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of chicken droppings (n = 73), which were collected during different age periods and classified by visual inspection into normal (N) and abnormal (A). Significant differences were found in the texture, pH, dry matter (DM), fatty acids (FAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and volatile compounds (VCs) between the tested dropping groups (p ≤ 0.05). The age period of the chicken had a significant influence on the color coordinates, texture, pH, DM, and SCFA contents in N and A as well as on all FAs content in N (p ≤ 0.05). Droppings from the N group had a harder texture, lower values of a* and b* color coordinates, higher DM content, higher level of linoleic FA, and lower level of α-linolenic FA than the droppings from the A group in each age period (p ≤ 0.05). The predominant SCFA was acetic acid, the content of which was significantly lower in the N group compared to that of the A group. The alcohol and organic acid contents were the highest in most of the A group at different age periods, while ketones dominated in the N and A groups. In conclusion, the majority of the tested dropping characteristics were influenced by the age period. While certain characteristics demonstrate differences between N and A, a likely broader range of droppings is required to provide more distinct trends regarding the distribution of characteristics across different droppings.
The Impact of Environmental Enrichment on the Cortisol Level of Shelter Cats
Authors: Wojtaś Justyna , Czyżowski Piotr , Kaszycka Kamila , Kaliszyk Klaudia , Karpiński Mirosław
Published: May 2024

Enriching cats’ living environment in shelters is crucial in reducing their stress. Easier access to resources allows cats to display natural behavior. This study aimed to assess whether cats staying in an enriched environment would be less stressed than cats staying in a standard environment. The first group consisted of cats living in an environment with fewer resources (standard environment)—103 cats. The second group consisted of cats living in an enriched environment—76 cats. The research material consisted of hair collected to determine the cortisol level. The results indicate that cats from a more enriched environment have almost half the level of cortisol in hair than cats from an environment with fewer resources (0.059 ng/mg vs. 0.101 ng/mg; p = 0.000001).
Soft Sensor Technology for the Determination of Mechanical Seal Friction Power Performance
Authors: Reeh Nils , Manthei Gerd , Klar Peter J.
Published: May 2024

Mechanical seals ensure the internal sealing of centrifugal pumps from the surrounding environment. They are one of the most critical components in a centrifugal pump. For this reason, the condition of mechanical seals should be monitored during operation. Mechanical seal friction power is an important component of mechanical losses in centrifugal pumps and is used as an indicator of wear and therefore seal condition. The soft sensor described in this paper is based on temperature measurements at the seal and can be used for determining the frictional power performance. A major factor in determining frictional power performance is the heat transfer between the mechanical seal and the medium inside the pump. For calculating the heat transfer, the stationary temperature fields in the rings of the mechanical seal are described by transmission efficiencies. The root mean squared error was determined for steady-state operating conditions to assess the quality of the soft sensor calculation. The frictional power performance can be determined by recording the temperature at the mechanical seal mating ring and the medium. The algorithm detects when the steady-state operating conditions change but does not map the dynamic changes between the stationary operating conditions.
Sacral Bioneuromodulation: The Role of Bone Marrow Aspirate in Spinal Cord Injuries
Authors: Lana José Fábio , Navani Annu , Jeyaraman Madhan , Santos Napoliane , Pires Luyddy , Santos Gabriel Silva , Rodrigues Izair Jefthé , Santos Douglas , Mosaner Tomas , Azzini Gabriel , da Fonseca Lucas Furtado , de Macedo Alex Pontes , Huber Stephany Cares , de Moraes Ferreira Jorge Daniel , Purita Joseph
Published: May 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a severe trauma to the nervous system, leading to significant neurological damage, chronic inflammation, and persistent neuropathic pain. Current treatments, including pharmacotherapy, immobilization, physical therapy, and surgical interventions, often fall short in fully addressing the underlying pathophysiology and resultant disabilities. Emerging research in the field of regenerative medicine has introduced innovative approaches such as autologous orthobiologic therapies, with bone marrow aspirate (BMA) being particularly notable for its regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on the potential of BMA to modulate inflammatory pathways, enhance tissue regeneration, and restore neurological function disrupted by SCI. We hypothesize that BMA’s bioactive components may stimulate reparative processes at the cellular level, particularly when applied at strategic sites like the sacral hiatus to influence lumbar centers and higher neurological structures. By exploring the mechanisms through which BMA influences spinal repair, this review aims to establish a foundation for its application in clinical settings, potentially offering a transformative approach to SCI management that extends beyond symptomatic relief to promoting functional recovery.
Dramatic Wound Closing Effect of a Single Application of an iBTA-Induced Autologous Biosheet on Severe Diabetic Foot Ulcers Involving the Heel Area
Authors: Higashita Ryuji , Nakayama Yasuhide , Miyazaki Manami , Yokawa Yoko , Iwai Ryosuke , Funayama-Iwai Marina
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Chronic wounds caused by diabetes or lower-extremity artery disease are intractable because the wound healing mechanism becomes ineffective due to the poor environment of the wound bed. Biosheets obtained using in-body tissue architecture (iBTA) are collagen-based membranous tissue created within the body and which autologously contain various growth factors and somatic stem cells including SSEA4-posituve cells. When applied to a wound, granulation formation can be promoted and epithelialization may even be achieved. Herein, we report our clinical treatment experience with seven cases of intractable diabetic foot ulcers. Cases: Seven patients, from 46 to 93 years old, had large foot ulcers including in the heel area, which were failing to heal with standard wound treatment. Methods: Two or four Biosheet-forming molds were embedded subcutaneously in the chest or abdomen, and after 3 to 6 weeks, the molds were removed. Biosheets that formed inside the mold were obtained and applied directly to the wound surface. Results: In all cases, there were no problems with the mold’s embedding and removal procedures, and Biosheets were formed without any infection or inflammation during the embedding period. The Biosheets were simply applied to the wounds, and in all cases they adhered within one week, did not fall off, and became integrated with the wound surface. Complete wound closure was achieved within 8 weeks in two cases and within 5 months in two cases. One patient was lost due to infective endocarditis from septic colitis. One case required lower leg amputation due to wound recurrence, and one case achieved wound reduction and wound healing in approximately 9 months. Conclusions: Biosheets obtained via iBTA promoted wound healing and were extremely useful for intractable diabetic foot ulcers involving the heel area.
Radiographic Study of Transcrestal Sinus Floor Elevation Using Osseodensification Technique with Graft Material: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sulyhan-Sulyhan Khrystyna , Barberá-Millán Javier , Larrazábal-Morón Carolina , Espinosa-Giménez Julián , Gómez-Adrián María Dolores
Published: May 2024

This pilot study aimed to evaluate the level of implant success after transcrestal sinus floor elevation (tSFE) using the osseodensification technique (OD) combined with beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) by analyzing clinical and radiographic results. Moreover, the increase in bone height was analyzed immediately after surgery, 3 months after, and before loading by taking standardized radiographic measurements. Thirteen patients, four males and nine females, with a mean age of 54.69 ± 5.86 years, requiring the placement of one implant in the upper posterior maxilla, with a residual bone height of <8 mm and a minimum bone width of 5 mm, participated in the study. The bone gain data was obtained using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) immediately after surgery and twelve months after the placement. The correlation between initial and final bone height with implant stability was also assessed. The results were analyzed using SPSS 23 software (p < 0.05). The results of the study indicated a 100% implant success rate after a follow-up period of twelve months. Preoperative main bone height was 5.70 ± 0.95 mm. The osseodensification technique allowed a significant increase of 6.65 ± 1.06 mm immediately after surgery. After a twelve-month follow-up, a graft material contraction of 0.90 ± 0.49 mm was observed. No correlation was observed between the bone height at the different times of the study and the primary stability of the implant. Considering the limitations of the size sample of this study, the osseodensification technique used for transcrestal sinus lift with the additional bone graft material (β-TCP) may provide a predictable elevation of the maxillary sinus floor, allowing simultaneous implant insertion with adequate stability irrespective of bone height limitations.
“Seeing Is Believing”: Additive Utility of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Chin Joel , Tan Yu Guang , Lee Alvin , Ng Tze Kiat , Shi Ruoyu , Tang Charlene Yu Lin , Thang Sue Ping , Tuan Jeffrey Kit Loong , Cheng Christopher Wai Sam , Tay Kae Jack , Ho Henry Sun Sien , Wang Hung-Jen , Chiu Peter Ka-Fung , Teoh Jeremy Yuen-Chun , Lam Winnie Wing-Chuen , Law Yan Mee , Yuen John Shyi Peng , Chen Kenneth
Published: May 2024

Widespread adoption of mpMRI has led to a decrease in the number of patients requiring prostate biopsies. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT has demonstrated added benefits in identifying csPCa. Integrating the use of these imaging techniques may hold promise for predicting the presence of csPCa without invasive biopsy. A retrospective analysis of 42 consecutive patients who underwent mpMRI, 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, prostatic biopsy, and radical prostatectomy (RP) was carried out. A lesion-based model (n = 122) using prostatectomy histopathology as reference standard was used to analyze the accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, mpMRI alone, and both in combination to identify ISUP-grade group ≥ 2 lesions. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT demonstrated greater specificity and positive predictive value (PPV), with values of 73.3% (vs. 40.0%) and 90.1% (vs. 82.2%), while the mpMRI Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 4–5 had better sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV): 90.2% (vs. 78.5%) and 57.1% (vs. 52.4%), respectively. When used in combination, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 74.2%, 83.3%, 93.2%, and 51.0%, respectively. Subgroup analysis of PI-RADS 3, 4, and 5 lesions was carried out. For PI-RADS 3 lesions, 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT demonstrated a NPV of 77.8%. For PI-RADS 4–5 lesions, 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT achieved PPV values of 82.1% and 100%, respectively, with an NPV of 100% in PI-RADS 5 lesions. A combination of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and mpMRI improved the radiological diagnosis of csPCa. This suggests that avoidance of prostate biopsy prior to RP may represent a valid option in a selected subgroup of high-risk patients with a high suspicion of csPCa on mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT.
Hypnosis-Assisted Awake Craniotomy for Eloquent Brain Tumors: Advantages and Pitfalls
Authors: Cossu Giulia , Vandenbulcke Alberto , Zaccarini Sonia , Gaudet John G. , Hottinger Andreas F. , Rimorini Nina , Potie Arnaud , Beaud Valerie , Guerra-Lopez Ursula , Daniel Roy T. , Berna Chantal , Messerer Mahmoud
Published: May 2024

Background: Awake craniotomy (AC) is recommended for the resection of tumors in eloquent areas. It is traditionally performed under monitored anesthesia care (MAC), which relies on hypnotics and opioids. Hypnosis-assisted AC (HAAC) is an emerging technique that aims to provide psychological support while reducing the need for pharmacological sedation and analgesia. We aimed to compare the characteristics and outcomes of patients who underwent AC under HAAC or MAC. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical, anesthetic, surgical, and neuropsychological data of patients who underwent awake surgical resection of eloquent brain tumors under HAAC or MAC. We used Mann–Whitney U tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and repeated-measures analyses of variance to identify statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level. Results: A total of 22 patients were analyzed, 14 in the HAAC group and 8 in the MAC group. Demographic, radiological, and surgical characteristics as well as postoperative outcomes were similar. Patients in the HAAC group received less remifentanil (p = 0.047) and propofol (p = 0.002), but more dexmedetomidine (p = 0.025). None of them received ketamine as a rescue analgesic. Although patients in the HAAC group experienced higher levels of perioperative pain (p < 0.05), they reported decreasing stress levels (p = 0.04) and greater levels of satisfaction (p = 0.02). Conclusion: HAAC is a safe alternative to MAC as it reduces perioperative stress and increases overall satisfaction. Further research is necessary to assess whether hypnosis is clinically beneficial.
Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms behind Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer to Unlock Efficient Treatment Options
Authors: Nunes Mariana , Bartosch Carla , Abreu Miguel Henriques , Richardson Alan , Almeida Raquel , Ricardo Sara
Published: May 2024

Ovarian cancer is a highly lethal form of gynecological cancer. This disease often goes undetected until advanced stages, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. Unfortunately, many patients experience relapse and succumb to the disease due to the emergence of drug resistance that significantly limits the effectiveness of currently available oncological treatments. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance to carboplatin, paclitaxel, polyadenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors, and bevacizumab in ovarian cancer. We present a detailed analysis of the most extensively investigated resistance mechanisms, including drug inactivation, drug target alterations, enhanced drug efflux pumps, increased DNA damage repair capacity, and reduced drug absorption/accumulation. The in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with drug resistance is crucial to unveil new biomarkers capable of predicting and monitoring the kinetics during disease progression and discovering new therapeutic targets.
The Utilization of Early Outpatient Care for Infants Following NICU Discharge among a National Sample
Authors: Bernardo Janine P. , Yanek Lisa , Donohue Pamela
Published: May 2024

Outpatient care following discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is critical for streamlined transfer of care. Yet, information is lacking about the characteristics of early outpatient care. The objective of this secondary data analysis is to describe outpatient encounters (OPEs) within the first three months following the discharge of commercially insured infants admitted to NICUs in the MarketScan Research Database nationally from 2015 to 2017. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. A total of 22,214 NICU survivors were included, of whom half had an OPE within two days following discharge (quartiles 1, 3) and 90% within five days. The median number of OPEs in the first three months was five (quartiles 4, 7). A majority of first physician visits were with pediatricians (81.5%). A minority of infants with chronic conditions saw subspecialists. Term infants with delayed care had a lower risk of readmission. Spending was higher for preterm infants and those with chronic conditions. We conclude that most patients are seen shortly after discharge and by pediatricians; however, there is room for improvement. Frequent encounters and spending afflict high-risk groups with chronic conditions. Future work should examine the associations of early outpatient care with social determinants of health and other outcomes such as immunizations.
Investigation of Liver X Receptor Gene Variants and Oxysterol Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Menteşe Babayiğit Tuğba , Gümüş-Akay Güvem , Uytun Merve Çikili , Doğan Özlem , Serdar Muhittin A. , Efendi Gökçe Yağmur , Erman Ayşe Gökçe , Yürümez Esra , Öztop Didem Behice
Published: May 2024

The NR1H2 gene produces the Liver X Receptor Beta (LXRB) protein, which is crucial for brain cholesterol metabolism and neuronal development. However, its involvement in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains largely unexplored, aside from animal studies. This study is the first to explore the potential link between autism and rs2695121/rs17373080 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the regulatory regions of NR1H2, known for their association with neuropsychiatric functions. Additionally, we assessed levels of oxysterols (24-Hydroxycholesterol, 25-Hydroxycholesterol, 27-Hydroxycholesterol), crucial ligands of LXR, and lipid profiles. Our cohort comprised 107 children with ASD and 103 healthy children aged 2–18 years. Clinical assessment tools included the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Autistic Behavior Checklist, and Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised. Genotyping for SNPs was conducted using PCR-RFLP. Lipid profiles were analyzed with Beckman Coulter kits, while oxysterol levels were determined through liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Significantly higher total cholesterol (p = 0.003), LDL (p = 0.008), and triglyceride (p < 0.001) levels were observed in the ASD group. 27-Hydroxycholesterol levels were markedly lower in the ASD group (p ≤ 0.001). ROC analysis indicated the potential of 27-Hydroxycholesterol to discriminate ASD diagnosis. The SNP genotype and allele frequencies were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that disturbances in oxysterol metabolism, previously linked to neurodegeneration, may constitute a risk factor for ASD and contribute to its heterogeneous phenotype.
Epidemiology and Healthcare Utilization in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in South Korea (2016–2020)
Authors: Woo Hyewon , Hwang Junho , Choi Sun Ah , Chae Soo Ahn
Published: May 2024

Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are rare acquired demyelinating syndrome with limited epidemiological data available, particularly in non-Western setting. This study aimed to demonstrate the epidemiology of pediatric MS and NMO in South Korea and to analyze of healthcare utilization and economic burden associated with these conditions. Using a nationwide population-based database from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database, we identified pediatric cases (age < 20 years) of MS and NMO from 2016 to 2020. We analyzed incidence, prevalence, healthcare utilization and medical costs. The study found low age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates for pediatric MS and NMO in South Korea. There was a marked disparity in healthcare utilization between urban and rural areas. Most healthcare interactions occurred in tertiary hospitals in urban settings, particularly in Seoul. The study also highlighted the substantial economic burden associated with the management of rare diseases, with annual variability in medical costs. Pediatric MS and NMO are extremely rare in South Korea, with significant regional disparity in healthcare utilization. The findings emphasize the need for targeted healthcare policies to improve access and reduce disparities, particularly for chronic and rare diseases requiring specialized care.
Porous and Ag-, Cu-, Zn-Doped Al2O3 Fabricated via Barrier Anodizing of Pure Al and Alloys
Authors: Poznyak Alexander , Knörnschild Gerhard , Hoha Aliaksandr , Pligovka Andrei
Published: May 2024

The paper breaks the general concepts and shows that pore formation is possible in anodic aluminum barrier oxide by anodizing of pure Al, and also presents the results of electrochemical anodizing in boric acid and citrate buffer aqueous solutions of homogeneous binary alloys AlCu (4 wt.%), AlZn (3 wt.%) and AlAg (5.2 wt.% and 16.2 wt.%). Barrier anodizing allowed obtaining Al2O3 thin films doped with copper, zinc and silver. The anodizing behavior and the effect of anodic current density on the charge were studied, and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy analyses were performed. The doped alumina thin films, which are a mixture of Al2O3, Cu2O, ZnO, Ag2O, AgO and promising double metal oxides CuAlO2, AgAlO2 and ZnAl2O4, are promising for use as resistive switching, photoelectron, mechanical, photo-thermoelectric and fluorescence materials; sensors; and transparent conductive and photocatalyst films.
Vesicle Morphogenesis in Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymer Solutions
Authors: Liu Senyuan , Samie Mohammad Sadegh , Sureshkumar Radhakrishna
Published: May 2024

Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations are employed to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of vesicles (polymersomes) through the self-assembly of randomly distributed amphiphilic BAB triblock copolymers with hydrophilic A and hydrophobic B blocks in an aqueous solution. The vesiculation pathway consists of several intermediate structures, such as an interconnected network of copolymer aggregates, a cage of cylindrical micelles, and a lamellar cage. The cage-to-vesicle transition occurs at a constant aggregation number and practically eliminates the hydrophobic interfacial area between the B block and solvent. Molecular reorganization underlying the sequence of morphology transitions from a cage-like aggregate to a vesicle is nearly isentropic. The end-to-end distances of isolated copolymer chains in solution and those within a vesicular assembly follow lognormal probability distributions. This can be attributed to the preponderance of folded chain configurations in which the two hydrophobic end groups of a given chain stay close to each other. However, the probability distribution of end-to-end distances is broader for chains within the vesicle as compared with that of a single chain. This is due to the swelling of the folded configurations within the hydrophobic bilayer. Increasing the hydrophobicity of the B block reduces the vesiculation time without qualitatively altering the self-assembly pathway.
A Review of Endobronchial-Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Intranodal Forceps Biopsy and Cryobiopsy
Authors: Chalhoub Michel , Joseph Bino , Acharya Sudeep
Published: May 2024

Benign and malignant mediastinal lesions are not infrequently encountered in clinical practice. Mediastinoscopy has long been considered the gold standard in evaluating mediastinal pathology. Since its introduction into clinical practice, endobronchial-ultrasonography-guided transbronchial fine needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has replaced mediastinoscopy as the initial procedure of choice to evaluate mediastinal lesions and to stage lung cancer. Its diagnostic yield in benign mediastinal lesions and less common malignancies, however, has remained limited. This has led different proceduralists to investigate additional procedures to improve the diagnostic yield of EBUS-TBNA. In recent years, different published reports concluded that the addition of EBUS-guided intranodal forceps biopsy (IFB) and transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB) to EBUS-TBNA increases the diagnostic yield especially in benign mediastinal lesions and uncommon mediastinal malignancies. The purpose of this review is to describe how EBUS-IFB and EBUS-TBCB are performed, to compare their diagnostic yields, and to discuss their limitations and their potential complications. In addition, the review will conclude with a proposed algorithm on how to incorporate EBUS-IFB and EBUS-TBCB into clinical practice.
Factors Affecting Sleep Quality among University Medical and Nursing Students: A Study in Two Countries in the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Bousgheiri Fadila , Allouch Ali , Sammoud Karima , Navarro-Martínez Rut , Ibáñez-del Valle Vanessa , Senhaji Meftaha , Cauli Omar , El Mlili Nisrin , Najdi Adil
Published: May 2024

Poor sleep quality, a global public health concern, poses a significant burden on individuals, particularly health care university students facing intense academic stress. A three-center cross-sectional study was conducted at the Higher Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences in Tetouan (Morocco), Faculty of Medicine in Tangier (Morocco) and Faculty of Nursing in Valencia (Spain). We collected various data using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire, the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and the smartphone addiction questionnaire short-version (SAS-SV). A total of 1210 students were included in our study (mean age 20.4 years, 67.2% female, nursing students (66.2%) and medical students (33.8%), 76.1% students from Morocco and 33.9% from Spain). Analysis revealed a higher prevalence of poor sleep quality among Moroccans students compared to Spanish ones (p < 0.001), that nursing students showed less favorable sleep quality than medical students (p < 0.011) and that living with a chronic disease was linked to less favorable sleep quality (p < 0.001). Lastly, intense or weak physical activity and smartphone addiction were correlated with poor sleep quality (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, an association persisted between poor sleep quality and factors such as the country of study (Odds ratio (OR): 6.25 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 4.34–9.09]), involvement in nursing studies (OR: 3.50 [95% CI: 2.36–5.27]), and the presence of chronic diseases (OR: 2.70 [95% CI: 1.72–4.16]), (p < 0.01 each). Our findings highlight the multifaceted factors affecting sleep quality in young university students. The implications underscore the imperative of interventions tailored to this demographic group.
The Effect of Trabecular Aspiration on Intraocular Pressure, Medication and the Need for Further Glaucoma Surgery in Eyes with Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma
Authors: Prokosch Verena , Zwingelberg Sarah B. , Efremova Desislava V. , Buonfiglio Francesco , Pfeiffer Norbert , Gericke Adrian
Published: May 2024

Purpose: To investigate whether trabecular aspiration (TA) has an effective medium-term intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering and medication-saving effect in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG). In addition, a subgroup analysis of patients with or without a previous trabeculectomy was performed. Methods: Records of 290 consecutive eyes with PEG that underwent TA between 2006 and 2012 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Mainz, Germany, were retrospectively analyzed with a follow-up period of 3 years. The main outcomes were IOP and the need for further medical treatment. Results: Of the 290 eyes with PEG that received TA, 167 eyes from 127 patients met the inclusion criteria. Among these eyes, 128 received TA and cataract surgery (Phaco-TA) without having had a trabeculectomy (group I) before, 29 had Phaco-TA after a previous trabeculectomy (group II) and 10 underwent stand-alone TA after a previous trabeculectomy (group III). In the whole cohort, the median IOP decreased immediately after TA and remained significantly lower compared to the baseline throughout the period of 36 months. Likewise, the median number of antiglaucoma drugs was reduced over the whole period. At the same time, in group I, the median IOP and the number of antiglaucoma drugs were reduced over 36 months. In contrast, in the post-trabeculectomy groups (group II and III), the median IOP and the number of antiglaucoma drugs could not be reduced. While most of the patients that received Phaco-TA with or without a previous trabeculectomy (group I and II) did not require further surgical intervention during the follow-up period, almost all patients receiving stand-alone TA after a previous trabeculectomy (group III) needed surgical therapy, most of them between the second and the third year following TA. Conclusions: Phaco-TA has an effective medium-term pressure-lowering and medication-saving effect, especially in patients without a previous trabeculectomy. In trabeculectomized eyes, the effect of TA is limited but still large enough to delay more invasive surgical interventions in some patients.
An Improved Lightweight Deep Learning Model and Implementation for Track Fastener Defect Detection with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Yu Qi , Liu Ao , Yang Xinxin , Diao Weimin
Published: May 2024

Track fastener defect detection is an essential component in ensuring railway safety operations. Traditional manual inspection methods no longer meet the requirements of modern railways. The use of deep learning image processing techniques for classifying and recognizing abnormal fasteners is faster, more accurate, and more intelligent. With the widespread use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), conducting railway inspections using lightweight, low-power devices carried by UAVs has become a future trend. In this paper, we address the characteristics of track fastener detection tasks by improving the YOLOv4-tiny object detection model. We improved the model to output single-scale features and used the K-means++ algorithm to cluster the dataset, obtaining anchor boxes that were better suited to the dataset. Finally, we developed the FPGA platform and deployed the transformed model on this platform. The experimental results demonstrated that the improved model achieved an mAP of 95.1% and a speed of 295.9 FPS on the FPGA, surpassing the performance of existing object detection models. Moreover, the lightweight and low-powered FPGA platform meets the requirements for UAV deployment.
Effect of Climate Evolution on the Dynamics of the Wildfires in Greece
Authors: Iliopoulos Nikolaos , Aliferis Iasonas , Chalaris Michail
Published: May 2024

Understanding the potential effects of climate change on forest fire behavior and the resulting release of combustion products is critical for effective mitigation strategies in Greece. This study utilizes data from the MAGICC 2.4 (Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse Gas-Induced Climate Change) climate model and the SCENGEN 2.4 (SCENarioGENerator) database to assess these impacts. By manipulating various model parameters such as climate sensitivity, scenario, time period, and global climate models (GCMs) within the SCENGEN 2.4 database, we analyzed climatic trends affecting forest fire generation and evolution. The results reveal complex and nuanced findings, indicating a need for further investigation. Case studies are conducted using the FARSITE 4 (Fire Area Simulator) model, incorporating meteorological changes derived from climate trends. Simulations of two fires in East Attica, accounting for different fuel and meteorological conditions, demonstrate an increase in the rate of combustion product release. This underscores the influence of changing meteorological parameters on forest fire dynamics and highlights the importance of proactive measures to mitigate future risks. Our findings emphasize the urgency of addressing climate change impacts on wildfire behavior to safeguard environmental and public health in Greece.
Analysis of Actual Fitness Supplement Consumption among Health and Fitness Enthusiasts
Authors: Espeño Paolo Renzo , Ong Ardvin Kester S. , German Josephine D. , Gumasing Ma. Janice J. , Casas Ethan S.
Published: May 2024

With the rising popularity of fitness supplements, understanding the factors driving their consumption behaviors is crucial. This study investigated the actual consumption of fitness supplements utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Health Belief Model (HBM), and the Theory of Effort Minimization in Physical Activity (TEMPA) frameworks. The TPB provided insights into how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence individuals’ intentions to consume fitness supplements. Additionally, the HBM sheds light on perceived effectiveness, benefits, barriers, and health motivation related to supplement consumption. Integrating the TEMPA framework further investigated the role of effort minimization in physical activity contexts. Through an online questionnaire, data were collected from a sample of 250 fitness supplement-consuming respondents. SEM analysis revealed significant associations between behavioral intentions and attitudes, perceived behavioral control, health motivation, and controlled precursors. However, it was seen that subjective norms, perceived effectiveness, perceived benefits, and automatic precursors were deemed insignificant. The findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the factors shaping actual consumption behaviors, offering valuable implications for marketers, health professionals, and policymakers seeking to promote informed and responsible supplement use among health and fitness enthusiasts.
Fractal Evolution Characteristics on the Three-Dimensional Fractures in Coal Induced by CO2 Phase Transition Fracturing
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Liu Gaofeng , Lin Jia , Barakos George , Chang Ping
Published: May 2024

To analyze the transformed effect of three-dimensional (3D) fracture in coal by CO2 phase transition fracturing (CO2-PTF), the CO2-PTF experiment under a fracturing pressure of 185 MPa was carried out. Computed Tomography (CT) scanning and fractal theory were used to analyze the 3D fracture structure parameters. The fractal evolution characteristics of the 3D fractures in coal induced by CO2-PTF were analyzed. The results indicate that the CO2 phase transition fracturing coal has the fracture generation effect and fracture expansion-transformation effect, causing the maximum fracture length, fracture number, fracture volume and fracture surface area to be increased by 71.25%, 161.94%, 3970.88% and 1330.03%. The fractal dimension (DN) for fracture number increases from 2.3523 to 2.3668, and the fractal dimension (DV) for fracture volume increases from 2.8440 to 2.9040. The early dynamic high-pressure gas jet stage of CO2-PTF coal influences the fracture generation effect and promotes the generation of 3D fractures with a length greater than 140 μm. The subsequent quasi-static high-pressure gas stage influences the fracture expansion-transformation effect, which promotes the expansion transformation of 3D fractures with a length of less than 140 μm. The 140 μm is the critical value for the fracture expansion-transformation effect and fracture generation effect. Five indicators are proposed to evaluate the 3D fracture evolution in coal caused by CO2-PTF, which can provide theoretical and methodological references for the study of fracture evolution characteristics of other unconventional natural gas reservoirs and their reservoir stimulation.
Investigations on the Impact of a Series of Alkoxysilane Precursors on the Structure, Morphology and Wettability of an Established Zirconium-Modified Hybrid Anticorrosion Sol–Gel Coating
Authors: Alwael H. , MacHugh E. , El-Shahawi M. S. , Oubaha M.
Published: May 2024

The current study reports on the impact of a series of functional alkoxysilanes on the wettability and structure of a well-established silicon/zirconium hybrid anticorrosion sol–gel coating. The selected functional alkoxysilanes comprise tetra ethylorthosilicate (TEOS), 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) and are incorporated at various concentrations (1, 5, 10 and 20%) within the silicon/zirconium sol–gel material. The prepared materials are successfully processed as coatings and cured at different temperatures in the range of 100–150 °C. The characterisation of the structures and surfaces is performed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), silicon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (29Si-NMR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and static water contact angle (WCA). Structural characterisations (DLS, FTIR,29Si-NMR) show that the functional alkoxysilanes effectively bind at the surface of the reference sol–gel material, resulting in the formation of functional core–shell nanoparticles. WCA results show that the hydrophobic properties of all materials decrease with curing temperature, and AFM analysis demonstrated that this behaviour is associated with a decrease in roughness. The physico-chemical processes taking place are critically assigned and discussed.
Adsorption Efficiency of Cadmium (II) by Different Alkali-Activated Materials
Authors: Mladenović Nikolić Nataša , Kljajević Ljiljana , Nenadović Snežana S. , Potočnik Jelena , Knežević Sanja , Dolenec Sabina , Trivunac Katarina
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the potential utilization of fly ash (FA), wood ash (WA), and metakaolin (MK) in developing new alkali-activated materials (AAMs) for the removal of cadmium ions from waste water. The synthesis of AAMs involved the dissolution of solid precursors, FA, WA, and MK, by a liquid activator (Na2SiO3 and NaOH). In concentrated solutions of the activator, the formation of an aluminosilicate gel structure occurred. DRIFT spectroscopy of the AAMs indicated main vibration bands between 1036 cm−1 and 996 cm−1, corresponding to Si-O-Si/Si-O-Al bands. Shifting vibration bands were seen at 1028 cm−1 to 1021 cm−1, indicating that the Si-O-Si/Si-O-Al bond is elongating, and the bond angle is decreasing. Based on the X-ray diffraction results, alkali-activated samples consist of an amorphous phase and residual mineral phases. The characteristic “hump” of an amorphous phase in the range from 20 to 40° 2θ was observed in FA and in all AWAFA samples. By the XRD patterns of the AAMs obtained by the activation of a solid three-component system, a new crystalline phase, gehlenite, was identified. The efficiency of AAMs in removing cadmium ions from aqueous solutions was tested under various conditions. The highest values of adsorption capacity, 64.76 mg/g (AWAFA6), 67.02 mg/g (AWAFAMK6), and 72.84 mg/g mg/g (AWAMK6), were obtained for materials activated with a 6 M NaOH solution in the alkali activator. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second kinetic order provided the best fit for all investigated AAMs.
Characterization of the Common Genetic Variation in the Spanish Population of Navarre
Authors: Maillo Alberto , Huergo Estefania , Apellániz-Ruiz María , Urrutia-Lafuente Edurne , Miranda María , Salgado Josefa , Pasalodos-Sanchez Sara , Delgado-Mora Luna , Teijido Óscar , Goicoechea Ibai , Carmona Rosario , Perez-Florido Javier , Aquino Virginia , Lopez-Lopez Daniel , Peña-Chilet María , Beltran Sergi , Dopazo Joaquín , Lasa Iñigo , Beloqui Juan José ,   NAGEN-Scheme, Alonso Ángel , Gomez-Cabrero David
Published: May 2024

Large-scale genomic studies have significantly increased our knowledge of genetic variability across populations. Regional genetic profiling is essential for distinguishing common benign variants from disease-causing ones. To this end, we conducted a comprehensive characterization of exonic variants in the population of Navarre (Spain), utilizing whole genome sequencing data from 358 unrelated individuals of Spanish origin. Our analysis revealed 61,410 biallelic single nucleotide variants (SNV) within the Navarrese cohort, with 35% classified as common (MAF > 1%). By comparing allele frequency data from 1000 Genome Project (excluding the Iberian cohort of Spain, IBS), Genome Aggregation Database, and a Spanish cohort (including IBS individuals and data from Medical Genome Project), we identified 1069 SNVs common in Navarre but rare (MAF ≤ 1%) in all other populations. We further corroborated this observation with a second regional cohort of 239 unrelated exomes, which confirmed 676 of the 1069 SNVs as common in Navarre. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of population-specific characterization of genetic variation to improve allele frequency filtering in sequencing data analysis to identify disease-causing variants.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Transcription Factor R2R3-MYB Gene Family and Gene Expression Profiles during Anthocyanin Synthesis in Common Walnut (Juglans regia L.)
Authors: Zuo Dongjun , Yan Yujie , Ma Jiayu , Zhao Peng
Published: May 2024

The R2R3-MYB gene family, encoding plant transcriptional regulators, participates in many metabolic pathways of plant physiology and development, including flavonoid metabolism and anthocyanin synthesis. This study proceeded as follows: the JrR2R3-MYB gene family was analyzed genome-wide, and the family members were identified and characterized using the high-quality walnut reference genome “Chandler 2.0”. All 204 JrR2R3-MYBs were established and categorized into 30 subgroups via phylogenetic analysis. JrR2R3-MYBs were unevenly distributed over 16 chromosomes. Most JrR2R3-MYBs had similar structures and conservative motifs. The cis-acting elements exhibit multiple functions of JrR2R3-MYBs such as light response, metabolite response, and stress response. We found that the expansion of JrR2R3-MYBs was mainly caused by WGD or segmental duplication events. Ka/Ks analysis indicated that these genes were in a state of negative purifying selection. Transcriptome results suggested that JrR2R3-MYBs were widely entangled in the process of walnut organ development and differentially expressed in different colored varieties of walnuts. Subsequently, we identified 17 differentially expressed JrR2R3-MYBs, 9 of which may regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis based on the results of a phylogenetic analysis. These genes were present in greater expression levels in ‘Zijing’ leaves than in ‘Lvling’ leaves, as revealed by the results of qRT-PCR experiments. These results contributed to the elucidation of the functions of JrR2R3-MYBs in walnut coloration. Collectively, this work provides a foundation for exploring the functional characteristics of the JrR2R3-MYBs in walnuts and improving the nutritional value and appearance quality of walnuts.
The Segregation of p.Arg68Ter-CLDN14 Mutation in a Syrian Deaf Family, Phenotypic Variations, and Comparative Analysis with the GJB2 Gene
Authors: Tlili Abdelaziz , Mutery Abdullah Al , Chouchen Jihen
Published: May 2024

Hearing impairment, a rare inherited condition, is notably prevalent in populations with high rates of consanguinity. The most common form observed globally is autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss. Despite its prevalence, this genetic disorder is characterized by a substantial genetic diversity, making diagnosis and screening challenging. The emergence of advanced next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has significantly advanced the discovery of genes and variants linked to various conditions, such as hearing loss. In this study, our objective was to identify the specific variant causing hearing loss in a family from Syria using clinical exome sequencing. The proband in the family exhibited profound deafness as shown by pure-tone audiometry results. The analysis of the different variants obtained by NGS revealed the presence of a nonsense mutation within the CLDN14 gene. Through Sanger sequencing, we verified that this variant segregates with the disease and was not present in the control population. Moreover, we conducted a comprehensive review of all reported deafness-related CLDN14 mutations and their associated phenotypes. Furthermore, we endeavored to carry out a comparative analysis between the CLDN14 and GJB2 genes, with the objective of identifying potential factors that could explain the notable discrepancy in mutation frequency between these two genes.
Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the PHT1 Gene Family and Its Response to Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Salvia miltiorrhiza under Phosphate Stress
Authors: Chen Xue , Bai Yanhong , Lin Yanan , Liu Hongyan , Han Fengxia , Chang Hui , Li Menglin , Liu Qian
Published: May 2024

Phosphorus (P) is a vital nutrient element that is essential for plant growth and development, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can significantly enhance P absorption. The phosphate transporter protein 1 (PHT1) family mediates the uptake of P in plants. However, the PHT1 gene has not yet been characterized in Salvia miltiorrhiza. In this study, to gain insight into the functional divergence of PHT1 genes, nine SmPHT1 genes were identified in the S. miltiorrhiza genome database via bioinformatics tools. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the PHT1 proteins of S. miltiorrhiza, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Oryza sativa could be divided into three groups. PHT1 in the same clade has a similar gene structure and motif, suggesting that the features of each clade are relatively conserved. Further tissue expression analysis revealed that SmPHT1 was expressed mainly in the roots and stems. In addition, phenotypic changes, P content, and PHT1 gene expression were analyzed in S. miltiorrhiza plants inoculated with AMF under different P conditions (0 mM, 0.1 mM, and 10 mM). P stress and AMF significantly affected the growth and P accumulation of S. miltiorrhiza. SmPHT1;6 was strongly expressed in the roots colonized by AMF, implying that SmPHT1;6 was a specific AMF-inducible PHT1. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the functional divergence and genetic redundancy of the PHT1 genes in response to P stress and AMF symbiosis in S. miltiorrhiza.