bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New species of Hyposmocoma (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae) from the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands of Laysan, Necker, and Nihoa
Authors: SCHMITZ PATRICK , RUBINOFF DANIEL
Published: August 2019

The endemic Hawaiian cosmopterigid moth genus Hyposmocoma Butler, 1881 contains 315 described species, making it one of the Archipelago’s most diverse radiations. However, only one species was previously described as endemic to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI), and prior taxonomic work in the region has been problematic. The NWHI represent a series of much older island remnants and atolls that were formerly high islands of much greater diversity. Systematic relationships within and between Hyposmocoma on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands may have implications for understanding not only the biogeography of Hyposmocoma but of Hawaiian radiations in general. We describe eight new species of Hyposmocoma endemic to the NWHI: H. laysanensis sp. nov. and H. ekemamao sp. nov. from Laysan Island, H. opuumaloo sp. nov. and H. mokumana sp. nov. from Necker Island, and H. nihoa sp. nov., H. kikokolu sp. nov., H. menehune sp. nov., and H. papahanau sp. nov. from Nihoa Island. This work represents the first inclusive taxonomic treatment of Hyposmocoma in the NWHI and may serve as a basis for studies both of Hyposmocoma, and broader biogeographic research on the NWHI.
Redescription of Argia concinna (Rambur), with a description of Argia telesfordi spec. nov. from Grenada, West Indies (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae)
Authors: MEURGEY FRANÇOIS
Published: August 2019

Argia telesfordi sp. nov. a new species close to Argia concinna, is described from Grenada. Both species are illustrated and diagnosed. They can be distinguished by morphology of male tori, cerci and paraproct and female mesostigmal laminae. Their distribution is allopatric, with Argia telesfordi distributed on Grenada and Argia concinna known only from Guadeloupe and Dominica.
Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
Authors: ALARIE YVES , MICHAT MARIANO C. , WATTS CHRIS H. S.
Published: August 2019

The larvae of 13 species (six epigaeic and seven hypogaeic) of the Australian endemic genus Paroster Sharp, 1882 are described with an emphasis on chaetotaxy of the head capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. A cladistic analysis of 41 Hydroporinae species and 63 informative characters supports a monophyletic origin of members of Paroster, which share a labial palpus comprised of three palpomeres and the absence of the primary seta FE7. Contrary to their epigaeic counterparts, larvae of hypogaeic Paroster species have turned out to be very divergent morphologically. In addition to the common characteristics associated with hypogaeic living (i.e., absence of eye, reduced pigmentation, and thin or soft exoskeleton), larvae of these species have undergone a relative elongation/ enlargement of the head capsule and a more elongate and narrower mandible and have developed a variable number of secondary temporal spines. Compared to the other stygobitic species studied, larvae of Paroster hinzeae (Watts & Humphreys, 2001), P. macrosturtensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2006), P. stegastos (Watts & Humphreys, 2003) and P. darlotensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2003) evolved a disproportionately large head capsule relative to body size. Larvae of P. wedgeensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2003) and P. mesosturtensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2006) are deemed to have deviated the least from the hypothetical epigaeic Paroster groundplan.
A new Arthula Cameron (Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae) parasitoid of Ropalidia plebeiana Richards (Vespidae) and host of Amoturoides breviscapus Girault (Torymidae) (Hymenoptera)
Authors: UBAIDILLAH ROSICHON , YAMAGUCHI GOSHI , KOJIMA JUN-ICHI
Published: August 2019

Arthula plebeja Ubaidillah and Kojima, sp. nov., a parasitoid of the Australian paper wasp Ropalidia plebeiana Richards, and host of the torymid hyperparasitoid Amoturoides breviscapus Girault, is described and illustrated. Both A. plebeja and A. breviscapus are estimated to have a bivoltine life cycle, the first overwintering in the pupal stage, and the second in the prepupal and/or pupal stage.
A new Paracoccus species from Palaearctic region (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae)
Authors: MAZZEO GAETANA , FRANCO JOSÉ CARLOS , RUSSO AGATINO
Published: August 2019

A new mealybug species, Paracoccus leucadendri sp. nov., is described from Portugal. This is the first record of a Paracoccus species from Europe. It is suggested that its presence in Portugal is the result of a fortuitous introduction with its host plant, Leucadendron sp. (Proteaceae). An identification key is presented to distinguish this new Paracoccus species from other mealybug species reported on Proteaceae in the world.
A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan, with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)
Authors: TOMINAGA ATSUSHI , MATSUI MASAFUMI , TANABE SHINGO , NISHIKAWA KANTO
Published: August 2019

A lotic-breeding salamander Hynobius stejnegeri, formerly called H. yatsui, from western Japan is revised based on genetic and morphological evidence, and three species are described: H. guttatus sp. nov. from Chubu-Kinki districts of Honshu Island, H. tsurugiensis sp. nov. from east highland of Shikoku Island, and H. kuishiensis sp. nov. from other parts of Shikoku Island. Thus, H. stejnegeri sensu stricto is restricted to Kyushu Island. Of these four species, H. kuishiensis sp. nov. contains two distinct mitochondrial lineages, but this split is not reflected in differentiation of allozyme (nuclear genome) markers. These species are morphologically similar to each other but can be differentiated by several characteristics, especially in combination of dorsal coloration, the number of vomerine, upper, and lower jaw teeth, and depth of vomerine teeth series. In coloration, H. guttatus sp. nov. is brown or dark brown mostly with tiny white to brownish white marking, while H. tsurugiensis sp. nov. is dark brown with bright yellow continuous markings. Hynobius kuishiensis sp. nov. is reddish purple or dark brown with small to continuous brownish white markings, in contrast to reddish purple or dark brown with small to large brownish white markings in H. stejnegeri.
A new soldier beetle of the extinct tribe Cacomorphocerini Fanti & Kupryjanowicz, 2018
Authors: FANTI FABRIZIO , PANKOWSKI MARY K.
Published: August 2019

A new fossil Cacomorphocerus Schaufuss, 1892 from Baltic amber, i.e., Cacomorphocerus coleae sp. nov. is described. Related to C. eocenicus Bukejs, Fanti & McKellar, 2019, the new species is characterized by 12 antennomeres that are little modified, with antennomere VI saucer-shaped and asymmetrical, antennomere V enlarged and antennomeres VII and VIII squarish and sub-rectangular. The slightly modified antennae of some species of Cacomorphocerus confirm a relationship with the genus Sucinorhagonycha Kuśka, 1996. Therefore, given the synapomorphy of the antennae, Sucinorhagonycha is transferred from the tribe Cantharini Imhoff, 1856 to Cacomorphocerini Fanti & Kupryjanowicz, 2018 (new placement).
Stenelmis koreana Satô, 1978 (Coleoptera: Elmidae): confirmed as a wide-spread species by DNA-sequencing
Authors: LITOVKIN STANISLAV V. , BRUVO-MAĐARIĆ BRANKA , JÄCH MANFRED A. , JUNG SANG WOO , EFIMOV DMITRY A.
Published: August 2019

Stenelmis koreana Satô, 1978 (Coleoptera: Elmidae) is here recorded for the first time from Kyrgyzstan and Western Siberia. It was hitherto thought to be confined to Korea and the Russian Far East. The identification of a specimen from Kyrgyzstan was confirmed by DNA-sequencing after comparison with two sequences of S. koreana from Korea. The COI haplotype of the Kyrgyzstan specimen has very low sequence divergence (0.53 % or 0.0053 uncorrected p-distance) with respect to the sequences of the Korean specimens, which is within the standard intraspecific sequence divergence for COI in beetles.
Zorotypus pecten, a new species of Zoraptera (Insecta) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber
Authors: MASHIMO YUTA , MÜLLER PATRICK , BEUTEL ROLF G.
Published: August 2019

A new species of the order Zoraptera, Zorotypus pecten sp. n., is described from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. It is tentatively assigned to the subgenus Octozoros based on 8-segmented antenna. A Gondwanan origin for Zoraptera is discussed based on the geographic distribution of extant and fossil zorapterans.
Eclipse across America: Citizen Science Observations of the 21 August 2017 Total Solar Eclipse
Authors: Dodson J. Brant , Robles Marilé Colón , Taylor Jessica E. , DeFontes Cayley C. , Weaver Kristen L.
Published: August 2019

On 21 August 2017, North America witnessed a total solar eclipse, with the path of totality passing across the United States from coast to coast. The major public interest in the event inspired the Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) Observer to organize a citizen science observing campaign to record the meteorological effects of the eclipse. Participants at 17 585 observing sites collected 68 620 temperature observations and 15 978 cloud observations. With 7194 sites positioned in the path of totality, participants provide a nearly unbroken record of the cloud and temperature effects of the eclipse across the contiguous United States. The collection of both temperature and cloud observations provides an opportunity to quantify the cloud–temperature relationship. The unique character of citizen science, which provides data from a large number of observations with limited quality control, requires a method that leverages the large number of observations. By grouping observing sites along the path of totality by 1° longitude bins, the errors from individual sites are averaged out and the meteorological effects of the eclipse can be determined robustly. The data reveal a distinct relationship between prevailing cloud cover and the eclipse-induced temperature depression, in which overcast conditions reduces the temperature depression by about one-half of the value from clear conditions. A comparison of the GLOBE results with mesonet data allows a test of the robustness of the citizen science results. The results also show the great benefit that research using citizen science data receives from increased numbers of participants and observations.
Precessional Forced Zonal Triple-Pole Anomalies in the Tropical Pacific Annual Cycle
Authors: Wang Yue , Jian ZhiMin , Zhao Ping , Xu Kang , Dang Haowen , Liu ZhongFang , Xiao Dong , Chen JunMing
Published: August 2019

Based on a transient simulation of the Community Earth System Model, we identified two anomalous “zonal triple-pole type” annual cycles in the equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (SST), which were induced by precessional evolution of the summer-minus-winter insolation difference and the autumn-minus-spring insolation difference, respectively. For example, due to the increased summer–winter insolation contrast, a zonal positive–negative–positive pattern of equatorial SST anomalies was detected after subtracting basin-scale summer SST warming. The positive SST anomalies were associated with anomalous upward air flows over the western Pacific and eastern Pacific, whereas the negative SST anomalies in the central Pacific were coupled with anomalous downward air flows, oceanic upwelling, and thermocline cooling. These central Pacific anomalies were due to multiple air–sea interactions, particularly zonal advection feedback and Bjerknes feedback. This anomalous annual cycle also included winter equatorial air–sea coupled anomalies with similar spatial patterns but opposite signs. The annual mean equatorial rainfall was significantly increased west of 135°E but decreased between 135°E and 160°W in response to the moderately intensified Walker circulation west of 160°W. The autumn–spring insolation contrast induced similar seasonal reversed anomalies during autumn and spring, but the annual means were only weakly enhanced for the Walker circulation and the rainfall anomalies had smaller magnitudes east of 160°E. These distinct responses of the annual mean climate indicated different seasonal biases in terms of the equatorial SST and associated Walker circulation anomalies due to forcing by the two seasonal insolation contrasts, and these findings had meaningful implications for paleoceanographic studies.
A Method for Assessing Relative Skill in Retrieving Cloud and Precipitation Properties in Next-Generation Cloud Radar and Radiometer Orbiting Observatories
Authors: Xu Zhuocan , Mace Gerald G. , Posselt Derek J.
Published: August 2019

A Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is utilized to compare the skill of an A-Train-like observing system with a cloud, convection, and precipitation (CCP) observing system like that contemplated for the 2020s by the 2017 National Academy of Sciences Decadal Survey. The main objective is to demonstrate a framework for observational trade space studies. This initial work focuses on weakly precipitating warm shallow cumulus constructed from in situ data. Radiative computations are based on Mie theory with spherical assumptions. Simulated measurements in the CCP configuration consist of W- and Ka-band radar reflectivity and path-integrated attenuation, 31 and 94 GHz brightness temperatures (Tb), and visible and near-infrared reflectances. The collection of measurements in the CloudSat configuration is identical, but includes a single 94 GHz radar frequency, and the uncertainty in the 94 GHz microwave brightness temperature is increased to mimic the CloudSat Tb product. The experiments demonstrate that it remains a challenge to diagnose cloud properties in the presence of light rain because of the tendency of microwave remote sensing to respond to the higher moments of the hydrometeor populations. Rain properties are significantly better constrained than cloud properties, even in the optimal CCP configuration. The addition of Ka-band measurements places substantial constraints on the precipitation rain effective radius and rain rates. The Tb offers important information regarding the column-integrated condensate mass, the measurement accuracy of which appears more likely to affect the retrievals of clouds with low liquid water path. The constraints provided by reflectances are largely restricted to regions near the cloud top, particularly in the raining cases.
Advancing Dispute Resolution by Understanding the Sources of Conflict: Toward an Integrated Framework
Authors: Budd John W. , Colvin Alexander J. S. , Pohler Dionne
Published: August 2019

Organizational leaders, public policymakers, dispute resolution professionals, and scholars have developed diverse methods for resolving workplace conflict. But inadequate recognition has been given to the idea that the effectiveness of a dispute resolution method depends on its fit with the source of a particular conflict. Consequently, it is essential to better understand where conflict comes from and how this affects dispute resolution. To these ends, this article uniquely integrates scholarship from multiple disciplines to develop a multidimensional framework to conceptualize the sources of conflict. This framework provides an important foundation for theorizing and identifying effective dispute resolution methods. Such methods are increasingly important as the changing world of work raises new issues, conflicts, and institutions.
Ibn Isḥāq and the Alfonsine Tables
Authors: Samsó Julio
Published: August 2019

This paper seeks to show that astronomical tables ( zījes) belonging to the tradition of Ibn Isḥāq al-Tunisī (fl. 1193–1222) were available to the astronomers in the service of King Alfonso X (r. 1252–1284), who used them both in their astronomical works written in Castilian and for the production of the Parisian Alfonsine Tables which are, nowadays, extant in Latin.
A “Confounded Scrape”: John Herschel, Neptune, and Naming the Satellites of the Outer Solar System
Authors: Case Stephen
Published: August 2019

This paper examines John Herschel’s role in establishing nomenclature for the moons of the outer solar system. Prior to the publication of Herschel’s Cape Results in 1847, moons of the solar system were referred to either collectively (e.g. the Medicean stars) or by number. The common narrative is that with the discovery of additional moons around Saturn, this numbering convention became confused, causing Herschel to propose proper names for Saturn’s moons in his Cape Results. An examination of Herschel’s correspondence and journals, however, indicates that this new convention was likely motivated not by issues of clarity but by controversy in planetary naming brought about by the discovery of Neptune. Herschel offered mythological names for Saturn’s satellites as a way to resolve this controversy, which he had helped initiate. This new naming narrative highlights Herschel’s role as arbiter in the international astronomical community as well as the cultural and political background of naming conventions in the solar system.
Paper twines in the pultrusion process – Pilot production and flexural characterization of sandwich rods
Authors: Chtourou Halim , Massie-Martel Jean-Philippe , Gurnagul Norayr , Ricard Michelle
Published: August 2019

This paper describes the possibility of the use of paper twines as core reinforcement in thermoset pultruded sandwich composites. Paper twines and glass fiber rovings were co-impregnated with polyester resin and co-pultruded to form sandwich rods. Pultruded sandwich rods were up to 26% lighter with regard to typical monolithic glass fiber reinforced polyester rods. The specific flexural strength and Young's modulus of the sandwich rods were up to 25% higher than those of monolithic glass fiber/polyester commercial rods. Thanks to its light weight and its availability as a continuous twine, paper twines may be used with great flexibility in pultrusion of sandwich structures. This may lead to up to 20–30% weight reduction and cost saving without losing flexural performance.
Toward Affirming Therapy: What Sex Workers Want and Need From Mental Health Providers
Authors: Pederson Anna C. , Stenersen Madeline R. , Bridges Sara K.
Published: August 2019

Within the field of psychology, the development of a culture of competency both in training programs and, more specifically, related to working with historically underrepresented and underserved populations has been making significant progress. One group who has been neglected, however, consists of individuals who consensually work in the commercial sex trade industry (i.e., sex workers). The current Delphi study begins to address this gap. Using responses from eight sex workers to explore factors affecting disclosure of occupation to therapists, barriers and facilitators to receiving mental health care, and areas for educational growth among mental health professionals, the results reveal participants’ preference for therapists who take an affirming approach regarding their occupation (e.g., respecting the hard work, skill, and emotional labor) and do not assume that they are in therapy because of their work. Broadly, this article highlights the knowledge, skills, and attitudes sex workers believe comprise critical areas of competency for therapists working with this often-stigmatized population. Ultimately, these results can be used to advance competent, just, and effective therapy with this population.
Algorithm for predicting the length of each color fiber in mixed-wool fiber assemblies based on the transmission image
Authors: Chen Lijun , Shen Hua , Heng Chong , Wang Fumei
Published: August 2019

A color-separation algorithm was proposed to predict the length of each color fiber in mixed-wool fiber assemblies based on a red, green, and blue transmission image. In this work, mixed-wool fiber assemblies consisted of different color wool fibers and a digital color image was obtained by a scanner. The relative thickness of the fiber assemblies was measured based on the Beer-Lambert theory. The color-separation formula was constructed to calculate the quantity of each color fiber at every point of the mixed-wool top to achieve the relative linear density curve and the average length. A series of systematic experiments demonstrated high consistency with the reference relative linear density curve and average length and confirmed the validity of the color-separation formula. This algorithm could be used for quality detection and control of mixed-wool tops. It could be also extended to uniformity detection of other mixed-color fiber assemblies.
Mineralogy and geochemistry of the coal seam of Shanxi Formation in Guotun Mine, Juye Coalfield, North China
Authors: Zhang Jingsen , Jin Chao , Xing Lecai , He Hong-Tao , Zhao Yunyun , Xin Yumeng , Xu Yun , Zhao Cunliang , Sun Pengfei
Published: August 2019

This work investigated the mineralogy and geochemistry of the No. 3 coal seam in Permian Shanxi Formation in Guotun Mine, Juye Coalfield, north China, in order to understand the genesis of the minerals and the enrichment of trace elements. Approaches used were optical microscopy and electron probe microanalysis for minerals, X-ray ﬂuorescence analysis for major elements and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis for trace elements. The coal is comprised of dominant kaolinite and calcite, the claystone is characteristic of major kaolinite, montmorillonite, and proportional illite, and the sandstone contains mainly quartz and chalcedony, and a relative amount of feldspar and kaolinite. These minerals were derived dominantly from the weathered source rocks with volcanic and granitic constituents in the pre-diagenetic period, and minor from the hydrothermal deposit in the epigenetic period. The claystone is relatively enriched in Li, Cs, Be, Nb, Mo, U, Th, V, In, Pb, Bi, and Se, which may probably be controlled by the source rocks and the specific sedimentary environment. The enriched trace elements are mostly associated with minerals. Li may probably occur in montmorillonite and illite, while In, Pb, Bi, and Se occur mainly in selenio-galena.
Critique as ideology critique in a neoliberal age
Authors: Johnson Pauline
Published: August 2019

Neo-liberalism is not working but carries on regardless. A society and all of its institutions modelled on market logics and imperatives has produced system crisis and has lost widespread popular support. To account for neo-liberalism’s continuing grip, we must submit this project to ideology critique. Max Horkheimer offers some relevant insights into what this requires. Ideology critique needs to come up with a competing measure of progress, it has to demonstrate why this ought to be the standard and it needs to expose the means by which this alternative is blocked. This article suggests that the normativity that underpins a social democratic project is best placed to prosecute these key tasks in a neo-liberal and historicizing age. It draws upon two major accounts of the ideological battlefield that has been staked out between neo-liberal and social democratic projects, looking to Wolfgang Streeck and Michel Foucault to identify the cultural resources that are available to, and the blocking strategies that have to be negotiated by, ideology critique in neo-liberal times. Finally it, turns to György Markus’s fine-grained and critical reading of the tasks of ideology critique outlined by Karl Marx. This section puts ideology critique into dialogue with a social democratic normativity in order to better consider the traction of ideology critique in a neo-liberal age.
Music technology and Future Work Skills 2020: An employability mapping of Australian undergraduate music technology curriculum
Authors: Klein Eve , Lewandowski-Cox James
Published: August 2019

This study explored how Australian music technology courses teach employability skills. A curriculum mapping of 63 undergraduate courses was conducted with course learning outcomes aligned against two benchmarks. The first benchmark was the Ten Skills for the Future Workforce which identifies key employability skills graduates will require in the coming decade. The second benchmark was the Australian Qualifications Framework Specification for the Bachelor Degree which defines the generic skills graduates must obtain through Australian Bachelor Degrees. This curriculum mapping reveals that Australian music technology courses teach Novel and Adaptive Thinking, Computational Thinking, New Media Literacy, and Design Mindsets universally. However, this curriculum mapping also reveals a deficit in employability skills related to Cross-Cultural Competency, Transdisciplinarity, Virtual Collaboration, and Collaboration more generally. The implications of this mapping is that Australian music technology educators seem to be prioritizing specific technical and creative skills over higher-order applications of skills and knowledge which are contextualized in their broader social and cultural contexts. Finally, this article shows how curriculum mapping can be implemented to embed employability skills progressively across a program sequence using a case study from the School of Music, University of Queensland.
Effects of a Nutrition Program on School Cafeteria Lunch: An Expanded Commentary
Authors: Holeva-Eklund Whitney M. , Liebert Mina L. , Howard Smith Jennifer , Mack Jodi , Behrens Timothy K.
Published: August 2019

The aim of this commentary is to expand upon results of previously published work on improving nutrition of cafeteria lunches in elementary schools of a high-need school district in southern Colorado, USA, between 2009 and 2015. The intent of the program was to improve the quality of school lunches by training cafeteria staff to prepare meals from scratch using fresh produce and minimally processed proteins as well as to reduce the sodium, sugar, and fat content of the food prepared. The program was successful in improving the quality and nutritional content of school lunch entrees by providing more entrees made from scratch with fresher options and decreasing the amount of processed foods served. This study shows that interventions aimed at changing the food preparation policies of school cafeterias can improve the nutrition of school lunches, and future research should expand on the benefits schools may experience by investing in similar programs.
Knowledge-based iterative reconstructions for imaging of coronary artery stents: first in-vitro experience and comparison of different radiation dose levels and kernel settings
Authors: Hickethier Tilman , Baeßler Bettina , Kroeger Jan Robert , Müller Dirk , Maintz David , Michels Guido , Bunck Alexander C
Published: August 2019

Background

Advanced knowledge-based iterative model reconstructions (IMR) became recently available for routine computed tomography (CT). Using more realistic physical models it promises improved image quality and potential radiation dose reductions, both possibly beneficial for non-invasive assessment of coronary stents.

Purpose

To evaluate the influence of different IMR settings at different radiation doses on stent lumen visualization in comparison to filtered back projection (FBP) and first-generation (hybrid) iterative reconstruction (HIR).

Material and Methods

Ten coronary stents in a coronary phantom were examined at four different dose settings (120 kV/125 mAs, 120 kV/75 mAs, 100 kV/125 mAs, 100 kV/75 mAs). Images were reconstructed with stent-specific FBP and HIR kernels and with IMR using CardiacRoutine (CR) and CardiacSharp (CS) settings at three different iteration levels. Image quality was evaluated using established parameters: image noise; in-stent attenuation difference; and visible lumen diameter.

Results

Image noise was significantly lower in IMR than in corresponding HIR and FBP images. At lower radiation doses, image noise increased significantly except with IMR CR3 and IMR CS3. Visible lumen diameters were significantly larger with IMR CS than with FBP, HIR, and IMR CR. IMR CR showed the smallest attenuation difference, while attenuation was artificially decreased extensively with IMR CS. FBP and HIR showed moderately increased in-stent attenuations. No relevant influence of used radiation doses on visible lumen diameters or attenuation differences was found.

Conclusion

IMR CR reduces image noise significantly while offering comparable stent-specific image quality in comparison to FBP and HIR and therefore potentially facilitates stent lumen delineation. Utilization of IMR CS for stent evaluation seems unfavorable due to artificial image alterations.
Execution of the C-D-I-O framework at postgraduate level in mechanical engineering
Authors: Namasivayam Satesh , Hosseini Fouladi Mohammad , Al-Obaidi Abdulkareem Sh. Mahdi , Luke Laimon Alexander , Syafiq Mohd. , Eftekhari Shahrooz
Published: August 2019

The usage of the Conceive-Design-Implement-Operate or C-D-I-O initiative is well documented within the context of engineering undergraduate programmes. To date, there are over 140 universities around the world which are part of the initiative, and most, if not all, of these universities have utilised the initiative as a framework within undergraduate curricula. This has been initially done for engineering undergraduate programmes, with other disciplines (outside of engineering) now choosing to implement this framework within its own context – due to its success in enhancing the overall student learning experience, at the engineering undergraduate level. There are, however, limited studies on how the framework is utilised within the context of a postgraduate programme. In particular, there are little to no studies on how this framework may be utilised to enhance the student learning experience within research-based postgraduate programmes e.g. MSc (by research) or PhD programmes. This paper aims to firstly review the available literature on how the framework influences postgraduate programmes globally. An attempt would also be made to discuss how previous studies have applied the framework to postgraduate education. To further narrate the application of the framework to graduate studies, a case study of a research-mode MSc programme will be explored. Specifically, how C-D-I-O influenced the research methodology of a chosen project within the MSc and resulted in designing and building an engineering system in a systematic and structured manner.
Hypothalamic activation discriminates painful and non-painful initiation of the trigeminal autonomic reflex – an fMRI study
Authors: Möller Maike , Mehnert Jan , May Arne
Published: August 2019

Background

The role of the trigeminal autonomic reflex in headache syndromes, such as cluster headache, is undisputed but sparsely investigated. The aim of the present study was therefore, to identify neural correlates that play a role in the initiation of the trigeminal autonomic reflex. We further aimed to discriminate between components of the reflex that are involved in nociceptive compared to non-nociceptive processing.

Methods

Kinetic Oscillation Stimulation (KOS) in the left nostril was applied in order to provoke autonomic symptoms (e.g. lacrimation) via the trigeminal autonomic reflex in 26 healthy participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Unpleasantness and painfulness were assessed on a visual analog scale (VAS), in order to assess the quality of the stimulus (e.g. pain or no pain).

Results

During non-painful activation, specific regions involved in the trigeminal autonomic reflex became activated, including several brainstem nuclei but also cerebellar and bilateral insular regions. However, when the input leading to activation of the trigeminal autonomic reflex was perceived as painful, activation of the anterior hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus (LC), the ventral posteriomedial nucleus of the thalamus (VPM), as well as an activation of ipsilateral insular regions, was observed.

Conclusion

Our results suggest the anterior hypothalamus, besides the thalamus and specific brain stem regions, play a significant role in networks that mediate autonomic output (e.g. lacrimation) following trigeminal input, but only if the trigeminal system is activated by a stimulus comprising a painful component.
“An Extraordinarily Pernicious Influence”: The Discursive Figure of the Spoiling Grandmother before 1937
Authors: Duschinsky Robbie , Jacobvitz Deborah , Peake Lucy , Messina Serena
Published: August 2019

Discourses about the dangers of spoiling children and images of grandparents came together in nineteenth-century literature, with the literary figure of the spoiling grandmother emerging as familiar cultural currency. From there, it would become a concern for the generation of psychoanalysts after Freud, for whom the grandmother represented a dangerous supplement to the importance of the mother for a child’s psychological development. The literary and the psychological uses of the figure of the spoiling grandmother then intersected in scientific and popular guidance for parents in the battle for authority regarding the right way to engage in childcare.
Establishing Safe Extra-articular Parameters for Cortical Button Distal Fixation During Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Hooper Perry O. , Warren Jared , Silko Christopher , Frangiamore Salvatore J. , King Dominic , Farrow Lutul D. , Schickendantz Mark S.
Published: August 2019

Background:

A variety of methods exist for fixation during ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction on the ulna for the overhead throwing athlete. Current biomechanical evidence suggests that cortical button fixation may fail at a higher load and under more cycles than interference screw fixation alone, while also minimizing the risk of fracture. A safe angle for placement of this cortical button has not yet been determined.

Purpose:

To define a safe angle for cortical button deployment during UCL reconstruction to avoid violation of the proximal radioulnar joint (PRUJ).

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Measurements on 100 cadaveric ulna bones, 50 women and 50 men, were obtained referencing the entry point for ulnar fixation, which is 1 cm distal to the ulnar humeral joint line along the medial UCL ridge. Ulnar width at the entry point and distance to the PRUJ were obtained to calculate safe distal angulation, while distance from the entry point to the posterior ulnar crest ulnarly and distance from the PRUJ to the posterior ulnar crest radially were obtained to calculate safe posterior angulation. Ten bony measurements on the same group of specimens were performed by 3 authors to establish an interobserver reliability. Means, quartiles, and outliers were obtained for the calculated angles. Finally, recommended angles of entry were determined to be approximately 1 interquartile range above the upper limit.

Results:

The mean distal angle of entry that was obtained was 11.32° (SD, ±4.80°; 95% CI, 10.37°-12.27°; P < .001). Three upper limit outliers were discovered: 24.20°, 23.4°, and 21.1°. The mean posterior angle of entry was 40.44° (SD, ±6.18°; 95% CI, 39.22°-41.67°; P < .001). There were no outliers for the posterior angle of entry. Interobserver reliabilities were strong for the 4 measurements.

Conclusion:

To be safely outside of the PRUJ utilizing a cortical button construct, we recommend 30° distal angulation and 60° posterior angulation for ulnar fixation during UCL reconstruction. Both parameters are 1 quartile above the highest calculated angle of entry.

Clinical Relevance:

These data define safe parameters for distal fixation during UCL reconstruction and highlight a clear entry point for reference.
A simple method for the isolation and detailed characterization of primary human proximal tubule cells for renal replacement therapy
Authors: Sánchez-Romero Natalia , Martínez-Gimeno Laura , Caetano-Pinto Pedro , Saez Berta , Sánchez-Zalabardo José Manuel , Masereeuw Rosalinde , Giménez Ignacio
Published: August 2019

The main physiological functions of renal proximal tubule cells in vivo are reabsorption of essential nutrients from the glomerular filtrate and secretion of waste products and xenobiotics into urine. Currently, there are several established cell lines of human origin available as in vitro models of proximal tubule. However, these cells appeared to be limited in their biological relevance, because essential characteristics of the original tissue are lost once the cells are cultured. As a consequence of these limitations, primary human proximal tubule cells constitute a suitable and a biologically more relevant in vitro model to study this specific segment of the nephron and therefore, these cells can play an important role in renal regenerative medicine applications. Here, we describe a protocol to isolate proximal tubule cells from human nephrectomies. We explain the steps performed for an in-depth characterization of the cells, including the study of markers from others segments of the nephron, with the goal to determine the purity of the culture and the stability of proteins, enzymes, and transporters along time. The human proximal tubule cells isolated and used throughout this study showed many proximal tubule characteristics, including monolayer organization, cell polarization with the expression of tight junctions and primary cilia, expression of proximal tubule–specific proteins, such as megalin and sodium/glucose cotransporter 2, among others. The cells also expressed enzymatic activity for dipeptidyl peptidase IV, as well as for gamma glutamyl transferase 1, and expressed transporter activity for organic anion transporter 1, P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance proteins, and breast cancer resistance protein. In conclusion, characterization of our cells confirmed presence of putative proximal tubule markers and the functional expression of multiple endogenous organic ion transporters mimicking renal reabsorption and excretion. These findings can constitute a valuable tool in the development of bioartificial kidney devices.
A rational utilization of reinforcement material for flexural design of 3D-printed composite beams
Authors: Ciftci Cihan , Sas Hatice S
Published: August 2019

Recent developments in composite industry address the adaptation of 3D printing technology to overcome the design and manufacturing challenges of the traditional composite processing techniques. This adaptation can be performed with the development of design methodologies corresponding to the type of structural load-carrying members in a structure. Considering the frequently use of beams in structures, the development of the design methodology of beams is essential for the adaptation of the additive manufacturing. Therefore, in this paper, the flexural loading concept is analytically formulated to derive moment capacity for the flexural behavior of 3D-printed composite beams. Then, the formulation is adapted to develop a design methodology of 3D-printed laminates under flexural loading. Additionally, the analytical solutions developed for the design methodology presented in this paper were verified with a good agreement with experimental studies.
Reactions and Preferences for Training Among Area Agency on Aging Providers Working With Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Older Adults
Authors: Warren Allison R. , Steffen Ann M.
Published: August 2019

Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) older adults face numerous barriers to healthy aging. These older adults may be less likely to seek out aging-focused services due to fear of discrimination and a lack of culturally competent services. There is a dearth of trainings for aging-focused professionals that would contribute to the development of affirming service environments for TGNC older adults. The current study explores providers’ responses to a professional development training made available nationwide to staff and volunteers of area agencies on aging. Participants’ ( N = 155) reflections on what would be most helpful in their future work with TGNC older adults included requests for role-plays, instructions on creating more inclusive agency documents, increased contact with TGNC older adults, and managing discriminatory language in the workplace. Future directions include creating professional development opportunities that incorporate experiences with and exposure to both other aging-focused providers and TGNC elders.
Disentangling the Direct and Indirect Effects of Task, Individual, and Organizational Factors on Occupational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Frank James , Lambert Eric G. , Qureshi Hanif , Myer Andrew J. , Klahm Charles F. , Smith Bradley , Hogan Nancy L.
Published: August 2019

Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) have been the subject of considerable research attention within business organizations. Much less attention has been directed at OCBs within criminal justice agencies, and even less research has addressed OCBs within police organizations. The present study uses survey data collected from 829 police officers in India to assess the antecedents of several dimensions of OCBs. Unlike most prior research, we use a path model in an effort to disentangle the direct and indirect effects of organizational justice, job demands and job resources, organizational justice, stress, and work attitudes on OCBs while controlling for officer personal characteristics. Our findings indicate that job satisfaction and organizational commitment are strong predictors of OCBs and that they mediate the effects of job stress, which did not directly influence OCBs. In addition, organizational justice factors exerted inconsistent effects on OCBs. Strategies for increasing the likelihood that officers will engage in OCBs are discussed.
Drug Rash With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome Probably Related to Cefpodoxime: A Case Report
Authors: Babu Tirin , Panachiyil George Mathew , Sebastian Juny , Shastry Veeranna
Published: August 2019

Cefpodoxime is a common antibiotic with a favorable side effect profile. Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome has been described with several cephalosporins but not cefpodoxime. We report the probable first case of cefpodoxime-induced DRESS syndrome in a 52-year-old female patient. In our case, the patient presented with symptoms of DRESS syndrome 16 days after initiation of cefpodoxime. This case highlights the necessity of consideration of an iatrogenic reason for presenting signs and symptoms at all times. Reinforcing the importance of taking a thorough drug history and considering drug reactions even if onset of symptoms are delayed.
The Life Course Paradigm as a Lens for Holistic Nursing Research in Older Adults Diagnosed With Schizophrenia
Authors: Walker Verónica García
Published: August 2019

Older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia (OADWS) have unique needs for care and live longer today than their forebears who were diagnosed with schizophrenia. As a result, nurses need to be prepared for the specific care of individuals who live with schizophrenia as they age. Together, Life Course Theory and holistic nursing suggest a good fit in the quest for successful solutions and/or outcomes for the unique problems that OADWS face. Holistic nursing views the patient as a whole person, considering all aspects of the patient’s experiences within life’s broader environment. The life course paradigm offers an effective way for nurses to understand issues that patients face throughout their lives, thus enhancing holistic nursing with a historical perspective. This is especially important for the care of OADWS, who face unique disparities as well as physical and psychological comorbidities over their life course. This article is intended to initiate a discussion of OADWS, focused with Life Course Theory as a holistic lens. Literature pertinent to the life course of OADWS is reviewed, followed by an analysis of the life course paradigm in relation to OADWS’ unique experiences. Conclusions support the holistic use of Life Course Theory in research and interventions for OADWS.
A direct multiple shooting method to improve vehicle handling and stability for four hub-wheel-drive electric vehicle during regenerative braking
Authors: Feng Nenglian , Yong Jiawang , Zhan Ziqi
Published: August 2019

Regenerative braking is an important technology to improve fuel economy for electric vehicles. Apart from improving energy recovery efficiency and vehicle stability, the arithmetic speed of the algorithm is also essential for an automotive-qualified micro control units. This paper presents a direct multiple shooting method–based algorithm to achieve multiple objectives for four hub-wheel-drive electric vehicle during mild braking situations. Mathematical models of the system are generated for numerical simulations in MATLAB, including a vehicle dynamics model, a modified tire model, a single-point preview driver model, and a regenerative braking motor efficiency map. With the limitation of hard constraint and minimization of adjustment rate in cost function, optimization tends to be accomplished by distribution of braking torque in front and rear wheels. Furthermore, the control strategy has been realized using a direct multiple shooting method to convert the nonlinear optimal control problem to a nonlinear programming problem, which will be settled by adopting a sequential quadratic programming method in each subintervals. The effectiveness and adaptation of the control strategy for four hub-wheel-drive electric vehicle has been evaluated by conducting many simulations during mild braking situations, and the simulation results also demonstrated that the direct multiple shooting–based strategy exhibits a better performance than that of proportional-integral-based or nonlinear model predictive control–based controller.
A multi-objective optimization approach for simultaneously lightweighting and maximizing functional performance of vehicle body structure
Authors: Wang Dengfeng , Wang Shuang , Xie Chong
Published: August 2019

This study presents a hybrid approach to integrate the comprehensive sensitivity analysis method, support vector machine technology, modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II method and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, which have been applied to multi-objective lightweight optimization of the B-pillar structure of an automobile. First, numerical models of the static–dynamic stiffness and the crashworthiness performance of automobile are established and validated by experimental testing. Then, the comprehensive sensitivity analysis method is used to define the final optimization variables. Experimental design and support vector machine based surrogate model techniques are introduced to establish the approximate model; subsequently, the modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II algorithm is applied to the multi-objective lightweight optimization design of the B-pillar structure, and the non-dominated solution set is determined. The principal component analysis method is applied to determine the weight of each objective. Finally, the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method is used to rank Pareto front from best to worst to obtain the optimal solution; furthermore, a comparison between the original model and optimized design denotes that the mass of the B-pillar being reduced by 22.55% under the other impacting indicators is well guaranteed. Therefore, the proposed hybrid approach provided promising prospects in the lightweight and crashworthiness optimization application of the B-pillar.