bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Various Deep Learning Algorithms for an Efficient Facial Expression Recognition System
Authors: Banerjee Rudranath , De Sourav , Dey Shouvik
Published: December 2021

Facial Expression (FE) encompasses information concerning the emotional together with the physical state of a human. In the last few years, FE Recognition (FER) has turned out to be a propitious research field. FER is the chief processing technique for non-verbal intentions, and also it is a significant and propitious computer vision together with the artificial intelligence field. As a novel machine learning theory, Deep Learning (DL) not only highlights the depth of the learning model but also emphasizes the significance of Feature Learning (FL) for the network model, and it has made several research achievements in FER. Here, the present research states are examined typically from the latest FE extraction algorithm as well as the FER centered on DL. The research on classifiers gathered from recent papers discloses a more powerful as well as reliable comprehending of the peculiar traits of classifiers for research fellows. At the ending of the survey, few problems in addition to chances that are required to be tackled in the upcoming future are presented.
DESIGNING LIGHTWEIGHT OPEN INNOVATION: A CONCEPTUALISATION OF HOW LARGE FIRMS ENGAGE WITH SMALL ENTREPRENEURIAL FIRMS
Authors: WIKHAMN BJÖRN REMNELAND
Published: December 2021

There is increasing scholarly interest in how large corporations engage in open innovation with small entrepreneurial firms, with synergies potentially producing positive outcomes for both the involved parties and the surrounding ecosystem. “Lightweight models” of open innovation (LOIs) have recently been introduced, governed by trust and relationships rather than by equity ownership and transactional control. This paper introduces a design framework and an alignment model for LOIs, based on 19 inductively generated and highly interrelated design elements associated with five design themes. The study uses empirical data from 18 LOI initiatives in Sweden, and the framework explains important differences in their motives, value propositions, innovation localizations, involved participants, and forms of interactions. Applying a value perspective to open innovation highlights two different value logics, suggesting that LOI initiatives can approach value by emphasizing either value creation or value capture. These logics may greatly influence other important design elements of LOIs.
Twisted moments of GL(3) ×GL(2) L-functions
Authors: Streipel Jakob
Published: December 2021

We compute an asymptotic formula for the twisted moment of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]-functions and their derivatives. As an application, we prove that symmetric-square lifts of [Formula: see text] Maass forms are uniquely determined by the central values of the derivatives of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]-functions.
Assessing student desire for professional skills development within the undergraduate science curriculum: a focus on teamwork
Authors: Chinoy Natasha , Stoub Hayden , Ogrodzinski Yvonne , Smith Katelyn , Bahal Devika , Zubek John
Published: December 2021

Professional skill development has emerged as an increasingly important facet of undergraduate training, specifically within science curricula. The primarily agreed on professional skills for a well-rounded scientist include teamwork, oral communication, written communication, and quantitative skills. The demand for these skills has been driven by employers and graduate/professional schools. To this end, instructors in higher education have begun to integrate professional skill development into their course design and student learning goals. However, the attitudes of students themselves toward the importance of different professional skills, the inclusion of these skills in their coursework, level of improvement, and end confidence has yet to be thoroughly characterized. It was the aim of this study to ascertain students’ desire for the aforementioned professional skills within their undergraduate science programs by exploring student perceptions of professional skills inclusion, importance, improvement, and confidence and identify the local courses students recognize as utilizing “teamwork activities.” Here we detail these attitudes in biomedical science undergraduates at Michigan State University. By using the Science Student Skills Inventory (SSSI), a previously validated assessment tool, we observed differences in student perceptions of professional skills when compared to previous SSSI studies. We also observed significant differences in attitudes between age groups in respect to writing and communication skills, differing perceptions of what constitutes teamwork, as well as gender differences in respect to attitudes around communication and ethical thinking skills. Our results give valuable insight into student perspectives on how professional skills are developed in their program. These data may be used to inform curriculum development within and across institutions.
Attenuating ischemia-reperfusion injury with polymerized albumin
Authors: Belcher Donald A. , Williams Alexander T. , Munoz Carlos J. , Muller Cynthia R. , Walser Cynthia , Palmer Andre F. , Cabrales Pedro
Published: December 2021

Polymerized human serum albumin reduced reperfusion injury and preservers microvascular hemodynamics. Polymerized human serum albumin reduces fluid extravasation and prevents fluid extravasation. Consequently, the tissue viability of ischemic tissue is preserved by polymerized human serum.
Validity and reliability of a protocol to establish human critical environmental limits (PSU HEAT Project)
Authors: Cottle Rachel M. , Wolf S. Tony , Lichter Zachary S. , Kenney W. Larry
Published: December 2021

The PSU HEAT progressive heat stress protocol has been used to identify critical environmental limits for various populations, clothing ensembles, and metabolic intensities. However, no studies have rigorously investigated the reliability and validity of this experimental model. Here, we demonstrate excellent reliability and validity of the PSU HEAT protocol.
A System Bioinformatics Approach Predicts the Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Course of Action of Radix Salviae Reverses GBM Effects
Authors: Jiaojiao Sun , Yuping He , Yajuan Li , Guangyi Liu , Qiuhong Li , Shengbiao Li , Hong Yu
Published: December 2021

Objective. This study used in vitro techniques to investigate the therapeutic effect of Radix Salviae on human glioblastoma and decode its underlying molecular mechanism. Methods. The active components and targets of the Radix Salviae were identified from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP). The targets of human glioblastoma were obtained from the GeneCards Database. The Radix Salviae-mediated antiglioblastoma was evaluated by Gene Ontology (GO) analyses and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses. Finally, mechanism of action of Radix Salviae against human glioblastoma was deduced by molecular docking and experiments. Results. We screened 66 active ingredients and 45 targets of the Radix Salviae. The enrichment analysis based on the targets mentioned above suggested a possible role in protein phosphorylation, cell transcription, apoptosis, and inflammatory factor signaling pathways. Further study demonstrated that cryptotanshinone, an essential component of Radix Salviae, played a significant role in killing human glioblastoma cells and protecting the body by inhibiting the AKT, IKB, and STAT3 signaling pathways. Conclusions. Radix Salviae could inhibit the proliferation and invasion of human glioblastoma by regulating STAT3, Akt, and IKB signaling pathways. Radix Salviae has potential therapeutic value in the future for human glioblastoma.
Correlation between Levels of Serum Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 and Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 and Condition of Acute Heart Failure Patients and Their Predictive Value for Prognosis
Authors: Zhang Jinjin , Wang Lei , Zhao Zhikun , Li Liang , Xia Yunfeng
Published: December 2021

Objective. To explore the correlation between levels of serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LP-PLA2) and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) and condition of acute heart failure (AHF) patients and their predictive value for prognosis. Methods. The data of patients who complained of acute dyspnea and were treated in our hospital (January 2018–January 2020) were selected for review analysis, and those diagnosed with AHF by means of chest films, physical examination, cardiogram, and color Doppler ultrasonography (CDS) were selected as the study objects. The patients were split into the mild group (I or II, 55 cases) and the severe group (III or IV, 50 cases) according to the clinical condition grading standard in Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Heart Failure. In addition, 105 healthy individuals examined in our medical center in the same period were selected as the control group. The serum LP-PLA2 and sST2 levels of all study objects were measured to analyze the correlation between these levels and AHF condition. Readmission due to heart failure and all-cause death were regarded as the endpoint events, and after one year of follow-up visits, the occurrence of the endpoint events in patients of the two groups was recorded, and with the endpoint events as the variable, the patients were divided into the event group and nonevent group to establish a logistic regression analysis model and analyze the merit of serum LP-PLA2 and sST2 in evaluating patient outcome. Results. The patients’ general information such as age and gender between the severe group and the mild group were not statistically different (

P
>
0.05

), and the levels of high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin, creatinine, and uric acid of the severe group were greatly different from those of the mild group (

P
<
0.001

), the comparison result of serum LP-PLA2 and sST2 levels was severe group > mild group > control group (

P

all <0.001), and the serum LP-PLA2 and sST2 levels of the severe group were, respectively, 275.98 ± 50.68 ng/ml and 2,122.65 ± 568.65 ng/ml; among 105 AHF patients, 50 of them had endpoint events (47.6%), including 36 in the severe group (36/50, 72.0%) and 14 in the mild group (14/55, 25.5%), and the event group presented greatly higher serum LP-PLA2 and sST2 levels than in the nonevent group (

P
<
0.001

); according to the logistic regression analysis, serum LP-PLA2 and sST2 had independent predictive value for prognosis of AHF patients, which could be used as the independent predictive factors for 1-year prognosis. Conclusion. Serum LP-PLA2 and sST2 have a good diagnosis value for the condition and prognosis of AHF patients, which shall be promoted and applied in practice.
Modelling the Impact of Chess Game on Students’ Sports Accomplishment
Authors: Li Jianhui , Ma Changsong
Published: December 2021

Tibetan chess, a traditional Chinese ethnic sport, is a treasure of Tibetan culture. It takes various forms, adopts different playing methods, and involves a simple suite of equipment to interest people and impart wisdom. In order to study the positive impact that Tibetan chess exerts on students’ sports accomplishment, cognition, interest, intelligence, inheritance, and changes in their awareness of the protection of traditional sports in western Tibetan areas, this study uses correlation and single factor analysis to compare relevant indicators and dimensions. At the same time, it constructs regression models and path models for teaching experiments, investigations, and analyses. Research shows that the learning of Tibetan chess has obvious and significant influence on promoting students’ sports accomplishment in western Tibetan areas. Further research finds that the traditional sports of ethnic minorities, combined with the development of Tibetan chess and students’ sports accomplishment, establish the cognition of traditional sports culture, cultivate lifelong sports awareness, and allow students to enjoy the physical and mental education brought by ethnic cultures.
MiR-29c-3p May Promote the Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease through BACE1
Authors: Cao Yanqun , Tan Xiangxiang , Lu Quzhe , Huang Kai , Tang Xiaoer , He Zhiming
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to explore the specific role of miR-29c-3p in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Animal models of AD were established by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) into mice through the lateral ventricle, while cell models of AD were induced by 10 μM β-amyloid (Aβ). We detected miR-29c-3p and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) contents and measured AD cell proliferation and apoptosis. A low miR-29c-3p level and a high BACE1 level were detected in the brain tissue of AD animal models and AD cell models. Aβ-processed cells had markedly lower proliferation activity, higher apoptosis, increased phosphorylation of tau protein was over phosphorylated, but the overexpression of miR-29c-3p or the silencing of BACE1 significantly enhanced the cell proliferation activity and reduced cell apoptosis by regulating the contents of related proteins. Inhibition of miR-29c-3p or overexpression of BACE1 aggravated Aβ-induced side effects. We used Targetscan7.2 to predict the downstream target genes of miR-29c-3p. Then, we detected that there were target binding sites between miR-29c-3p and BACE1. The rescue experiment identified BACE1 as a functional target for miR-29c-3p. AD leads to decreased miR-29c-3p level and increased BACE1 level. MiR-29c-3p has specific binding sites with the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of BACE1 and thus negatively regulates the BACE1 level, thereby affecting the progression of AD.
Reliability Assessment on Pile Foundation Bearing Capacity Based on the First Four Moments in High‐Order Moment Method
Authors: Fu Qiang , Li Xiao , Meng Zilong , Liu Yinuo , Cai Xueji , Fu Huawei
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the high‐order moment method (HOMM) was developed for estimating pile foundation bearing capacity reliability assessment. Firstly, after the performance function was established, the first four moments (viz. mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis) were suggested to be determined by a point estimate method based on two‐dimensional reduction integrations. Then, the probability distribution of the performance function for the pile foundation bearing capacity was then approximated by a four‐parameter cubic normal distribution, in which its distribution parameters are the first four moments. Meanwhile, the quantile of the probability distribution for the performance function and its reliability index was capable to be obtained through this distribution. In order to examine the efficiency of this method in engineering application, four pile foundations with different length‐diameter radios were investigated in detail. The results demonstrate that the reliability analysis based on HOMM is greatly improved to the computational efficiency without loss precision compared with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and does not require complex partial derivative solving, checking point sought, and large numbers of iteration comparing with first‐order reliability method (FORM). Moreover, the probability distribution function (PDF) approximated by the four‐parameter cubic normal distribution was found to be consistent with that obtained by MCS. Eventually, the effects of parameter sensitivity for relative soil layer of the certain pile on reliability index were illustrated using the above‐mentioned method. It indicated that the HOMM is an effective and simple approach for reliability assessment of the pile foundation bearing capacity.
The Dynamic Relationship between Macroeconomy and Stock Market in China: Evidence from Bayesian Network
Authors: Liu Yue , Feng Haoyuan , Guo Kun
Published: December 2021

As the most important component of the capital market, the stock market has always been regarded as the “barometer” of the macroeconomy. However, many researchers have found that the stock market and macroeconomy are operating separately. This paper uses the dynamic Bayesian network method to study the dynamic relationship between the Chinese macroeconomic system and the stock market. The study found that the correlation between the macroeconomic system and the stock market is not consistent in different time periods. For most of the time, the stock system and the macroeconomic system are relatively independent. However, several macroeconomic factors such as Purchase Management Index could affect the stock market through some industries. A conclusion is drawn that the “barometer” function of the stock market is weak and easy to be damaged by factors such as the irrational sentiment of investors.
Experimental Study on the Anisotropy of Layered Rock Mass under Triaxial Conditions
Authors: Cheng Long , Wang Hui , Chang Xu , Chen Yewei , Xu Feilu , Zhang Bafang , An Jiawei
Published: December 2021

Weak and hard inhomogeneous rock formations are typically encountered during tunnel excavations. The physical and mechanical properties and geological conditions of these rock formations vary significantly; thus, it is crucial to investigate the mechanical characteristics of deep bedded composite rock formations. Three‐dimensional (3D) scanning and 3D printing were used to prepare composite rock specimens to simulate natural rock laminae. Triaxial compression tests were conducted to determine the influence of the bedding angle, rock composition, and confining pressure on the mechanical properties of the composite rock specimens. The anisotropic strength characteristics and the damage patterns of the composite rock specimens were analyzed under different confining pressures, and the failure mechanism during triaxial loading was revealed. The results show that the damage of the composite rock specimens with a bedding structure depends on the bedding dip angle and the rock formation. The stress‐strain curves and peak strengths of the composite rock specimens have anisotropic characteristics corresponding to their failure modes. As the bedding dip angle increases, the peak strength of the three groups of specimens first decreases and then increases under different confining pressure levels. The compressive strength has a nonlinear relationship with the confining pressure, and the difference between the compressive strengths of specimens with different inclination angles decreases as the confining pressure increases. The Hoek–Brown strength criterion is a good predictor of the nonlinear increase in peak strength of the composite rock specimens under different confining pressures. The specimen with a β = 60°dip angle shows the most significant increase in the strength difference with increasing confining pressure. The results can be used as a reference for testing and analyzing the anisotropic mechanical properties of bedded rock masses.
Potential Role of African Fermented Indigenous Vegetables in Maternal and Child Nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Irakoze Marie Lys , Wafula Eliud N. , Owaga Eddy
Published: December 2021

Hunger and malnutrition continue to affect Africa especially the vulnerable children and women in reproductive age. However, Africa has indigenous foods and associated traditional technologies that can contribute to alleviation of hunger, malnutrition, and communicable and noncommunicable diseases. The importance of African indigenous vegetables is undeniable, only that they are season-linked and considered as “food for poor” despite their high nutritional contents. The utilization of African indigenous vegetables (AIVs) is hindered by postharvest losses and antinutrients affecting the bioavailability of nutrients. In Africa, fermentation is among the oldest food processing technologies with long history of safe use. Apart from extending shelf life and improving food organoleptic properties, fermentation of African indigenous vegetables (AIVs) is known to improve food nutritional values such as proteins, minerals, vitamins, and other beneficial phytochemicals. It can also increase bioavailability of various vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals and increase synthesis of vital blood pressure regulators thus protecting against cardiovascular diseases and cancer and further helping fight certain malnutrition deficiencies. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) involved in food fermentation are known to produce exopolysaccharides with cholesterol-lowering, immunomodulator, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Fermented foods (vegetables) are superior in quality and safety since most microorganisms involved in fermentation are good starter cultures that can inhibit the growth of foodborne pathogens and detoxify harmful compounds in foods. Thus, fermented foods can boost growth and well-being in children and women due to their higher nutritional contents. Therefore, fermentation of AIVs can contribute to the attainment of food and nutrition security especially among women and children who rely on these vegetables as a staple source of micronutrients and income. These benefits have a positive impact on the implementation of the second sustainable development goals and African Union agenda 2063. This review is aimed at shedding light on the potential of African fermented indigenous vegetables in combating maternal and child malnutrition in Sub-Sahara Africa.
Classification of COVID-19 and Pneumonia Using Deep Transfer Learning
Authors: Mahin Mainuzzaman , Tonmoy Sajid , Islam Rufaed , Tazin Tahia , Monirujjaman Khan Mohammad , Bourouis Sami
Published: December 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized COVID-19 as the cause of a global pandemic in 2019. COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which was identified in China in late December 2019 and is indeed referred to as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. The whole globe was hit within several months. As millions of individuals around the world are infected with COVID-19, it has become a global health concern. The disease is usually contagious, and those who are infected can quickly pass it on to others with whom they come into contact. As a result, monitoring is an effective way to stop the virus from spreading further. Another disease caused by a virus similar to COVID-19 is pneumonia. The severity of pneumonia can range from minor to life-threatening. This is particularly hazardous for children, people over 65 years of age, and those with health problems or immune systems that are affected. In this paper, we have classified COVID-19 and pneumonia using deep transfer learning. Because there has been extensive research on this subject, the developed method concentrates on boosting precision and employs a transfer learning technique as well as a model that is custom-made. Different pretrained deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models were used to extract deep features. The classification accuracy was used to measure performance to a great extent. According to the findings of this study, deep transfer learning can detect COVID-19 and pneumonia from CXR images. Pretrained customized models such as MobileNetV2 had a 98% accuracy, InceptionV3 had a 96.92% accuracy, EffNet threshold had a 94.95% accuracy, and VGG19 had a 92.82% accuracy. MobileNetV2 has the best accuracy of all of these models.
Spironolactone Inhibits Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Regulating the Ca2+/Calcineurin/p-NFATc3 Pathway
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Wenting , Na Jingtao , Huo Yanping , Wang Yacheng , Liu Ketong
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and molecular mechanism of spironolactone in isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In this study, primary cardiomyocytes were extracted from the heart of neonatal rats. After stable culture, they were processed with isoproterenol alone or isoproterenol (10 μM) combined with different doses (low dose of 10 μM and high dose of 50 μM), and the cellular activity was determined by MTT experiment. The volume of cells was measured with an inverted microscope and CIAS-1000 cell image analysis system. The mRNA expression levels of ANP and BNP in cells were explored by RT-qPCR. The levels of ANP and BNP proteins and NFATc3 phosphorylation in the nucleus were detected by western blot. The extracellular Ca2+ concentration and CaN activity were measured by colorimetry with the kit. Isoproterenol significantly enlarged the volume of cardiomyocytes (

p
<
0.001

), upregulated mRNA and expression levels of ANP and BNP proteins (

p
<
0.001

), increased extracellular Ca2+ concentration and CaN activity (

p
<
0.001

), and upregulated NFATc3 phosphorylation in the nucleus (

p
<
0.001

). The volume of cells treated with isoproterenol combined with different doses of spironolactone significantly decreased compared with those treated with isoproterenol alone (

p
<
0.001

). mRNA and expression levels of ANP and BNP proteins downregulated significantly (

p
<
0.001

). The extracellular Ca2+ (

p
<
0.01

) concentration and CaN activity (

p
<
0.001

) decreased significantly, and NFATc3 phosphorylation in the nucleus downregulated significantly (

p
<
0.001

). There was no significant difference in cell volume (

p
=
0.999

), ANP and BNP mRNA (

p
=
0.695

), expression levels of proteins, CaN activity (0.154), and NFATc3 phosphorylation in the nucleus between the cells treated with isoproterenol combined with high-dose spironolactone and those in the control group. In conclusion, spironolactone can reverse isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by inhibiting the Ca2+/CaN/NFATc3 pathway.
Development Model of China’s Regional Economic Cooperation Based on Network Analysis and Multimedia Data Visualization
Authors: Du Feng
Published: December 2021

As for the problem of large amount and complex structure of network forum data, we analyze the means of data visualization and association analysis, explain the specific interpretation of association rules, explain the feelings and objectives of multimedia data visualization, and explain the corresponding technical application. This paper uses the relevant theories of new economic geography to analyze and compare China’s unique economic development. In particular, it studies the development and changes of the World Trade Organization. Through the results, it can be seen that, after China’s accession to the WTO, the industrial location coefficient shows a downward trend, and the change of economic differences is slow.
Evaluation and Influence of Chinese Enterprises' Financial Efficiency Based on the Malmquist Index
Authors: Yu Shaodong , Li Chunling
Published: December 2021

This paper introduces a superefficiency financial efficiency model with undesirable output based on the features that the output of industrial enterprises contains desirable output as well as undesirable output. Furthermore, the Malmquist index model is constructed for financial efficiency dynamic study, and the spatial Durbin model is constructed for evaluation and impact of enterprises. According to the financial data of Chinese enterprises from 2007 to 2019, this paper evaluates the financial efficiency of Chinese interprovincial industrial enterprises dynamically and measures the influence levels of major impacts on the financial efficiency of Chinese interprovincial industrial enterprises quantitatively. As reported by this paper, the conclusions are as follows: (1) In reference to the financial efficiency dynamic study analysis, there is an obvious growth trend in the financial efficiency of Chinese interprovincial industrial enterprises in different years. Based on the horizontal analysis of financial efficiency, there is a relatively large gap in financial efficiency among Chinese interprovincial industrial enterprises. (2) From the separation factors of financial efficiency analysis, the main factor affecting the growth of the financial efficiency of Chinese industrial enterprises is the modification of technology, and the modification of technical efficiency has a minor impact. (3) In accordance with the impacts of enterprise efficiency analysis, several major factors influence the financial efficiency of Chinese industrial enterprises such as major business cost, operating profit, total liabilities, national capital, and the number of R&D personnel.
Management of a Hypomineralisation of the Enamel by Applying a Remineraliser Based on Zinc Hydroxyapatite (microRepair)
Authors: Solinas G. , Grabesu V. , Lattari M. , Strinna R. , Arnould N. , Amodeo A. A.
Published: December 2021

According to our experience, the treatment with remineralising mousse based on biomimetic nanohydroxyapatite has the advantage of being easily implemented by all patients as it is economical and absolutely noninvasive. The following case report reports the results obtained from the use of a mousse based on biomimetic nanohydroxyapatite for the treatment of incisor and molar hypomineralisation. This case report illustrates the case of a 4-year-old patient who was diagnosed with MIH and was subjected to remineralising treatments at home for six months, at alternating periods. Throughout the observation period, the painful perception of the lesions was detected through an assessment scale, and the clinical appearance was documented photographically. One year after the diagnosis, all the elements involved no longer showed any symptoms.
The Value of miR-296 and miR-517c in Evaluating the Prognosis of Patients with Glioma after Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
Authors: Wang Weiyu , Shi Aigang , Lei Bing , Yang Kaichuang , Zhang Weihua , An Peng
Published: December 2021

Objective. To explore the value of miR-296 and miR-517c in evaluating the prognosis of patients with glioma after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Methods. 732 patients with glioma were selected from January 2012 to January 2018. According to the effect of postoperative chemotherapy, the patients were divided into two groups: the effective group and the ineffective group. The serum miR-296, miR-517c, and clinicopathological parameters of the two groups before chemotherapy were compared. The factors affecting the sensitivity of radiotherapy and chemotherapy and the predictive efficacy of miR-296 and miR-517c on the prognosis of patients were analyzed. Results. The expression level of miR-296 in glioma tissue was significantly correlated with tumor pathological grade and depth of invasion (

P
<
0.05

), and the expression level of miR-296 in glioma tissue was significantly correlated with tumor pathological grade (

P
<
0.05

). Logistic regression analysis showed that tumor size, WHO grade, and serum miR-296 and miR-517c levels were all factors affecting chemosensitivity (

P
<
0.05

). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC of serum miR-296 prediction were 76.95%, 89.64%, 85.35%, and 0.891, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC of serum miR-517c prediction were 72.81%, 86.50%, 82.19%, and 0.739, respectively. Conclusion. miR-296 and miR-517c are closely related to the chemosensitivity and prognosis of glioma patients. High levels of miR-296 and miR-517c can enhance chemosensitivity and serve as reliable indexes to predict the prognosis of patients with glioma.
Integrating Educational Games into College English Learning
Authors: Li Ming , Zhang Qi , Yu Zhonggen
Published: December 2021

Currently, the application of educational games is becoming a hot topic, but the application of educational games in college English learning is scarcely explored. To explore the integration of educational games into the college English teaching and learning process, this study adopted a rapid evidence evaluation review (Yu et al. 2020). Since the literature review is an important approach in qualitative sampling techniques, we have conducted a review to identify and synthesize the literature. It analyzed high-quality journal articles published internationally and nationally. We found that educational games were effective in enhancing students’ college English proficiency and learning attitudes. Meanwhile, playful experiences created by educational games could decrease cognitive loads in college English learning. This research provided some support for further implementation of educational games in the college English teaching and learning process.
Thermal Conductivity of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanotubes: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Guo Hui , Huo Chunqing , Yang Liang , Lin Shiwei
Published: December 2021

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanotubes are recently gaining increasing interest due to their extraordinary physicochemical properties. In the following, we report on simulations using a method of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics and focus on the thermal conductivity variation of g-C3N4 nanotubes with respect to different temperatures, diameters, and chiral angles. In spite of the variation of diameters and chiral angles, the structure of nanotubes possesses high stability in the temperature range from 200 K to 600 K. Although there is little change of the thermal conductivity per unit arc length for nanotubes with the same diameter at different temperatures, it decreases significantly with increasing diameters at the same temperature. The thermal conductivity at different chiral angles has little to do with how temperature changes. Simulation results show that the vibrational density of states of nanotubes distributed, respectively, at ∼11 THz and ∼32 THz, indicating that heat in nanotubes is mostly carried by phonons with frequencies lower than 10 THz.
Network Course Recommendation System Based on Double-Layer Attention Mechanism
Authors: Zhu Qianyao
Published: December 2021

In view of the lack of accurate recommendation and selection of courses on the network teaching platform in the new form of higher education, a network course recommendation system based on the double-layer attention mechanism is proposed. First of all, the collected data are preprocessed, while the data of students and course information are normalized and classified. Then, the dual attention mechanism is introduced into the parallel neural network recommendation model so as to improve the model’s ability to mine important features. TF-IDF (term frequency-inverse document frequency) based on the student score and course category is improved. The recommendation results are classified according to the weight of course categories, so as to construct different types of course groups and complete the recommendation. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the model recommendation accuracy compared with other algorithms.
A Note on the New Extended Beta Function with Its Application
Authors: Palsaniya Vandana , Mittal Ekta , Joshi Sunil , Suthar D. L.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research is to provide a systematic review of a new type of extended beta function and hypergeometric function using a confluent hypergeometric function, as well as to examine various belongings and formulas of the new type of extended beta function, such as integral representations, derivative formulas, transformation formulas, and summation formulas. In addition, we also investigate extended Riemann–Liouville (R-L) fractional integral operator with associated properties. Furthermore, we develop new beta distribution and present graphically the relation between moment generating function and

ℓ

.
Compound Taxus chinensis Capsule Combined with Chemotherapy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Li Keshuai , Cheng Haibo , Shen Weixing , Leung Elaine Lai-Han , Le Shao , Yu Lili , Xie Han , Sui Xinbing , Zhu Xiaoming , Wu Qibiao
Published: December 2021

Background. Compound Taxus chinensis capsule (CTCC), an antitumor Chinese patent medicine, has been commonly prescribed as an adjunctive agent to chemotherapy for the management of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the effects of CTCC added to chemotherapy for NSCLC patients have never been comprehensively evaluated or summarized. Purpose. To assess the synergistic effects of CTCC and chemotherapy on NSCLC. Study Design. Evidence-based study, systematic review, and quantitative meta-analysis. Methods. This systematic review and meta-analysis was implemented in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. Eight databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, SINOMED, China Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang Database, VIP, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched for relevant RCTs from their inception until May 24, 2021, and hand-searching was also carried out to identify additional studies. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared CTCC combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone were included in our study. The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool was used to determine the risk of bias and methodological quality of the included RCTs. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for comprehensive analysis. The primary outcome measure for this study was the disease control rate (DCR), and the secondary outcomes included the objective response rate (ORR), adverse reactions, and quality of life (QOL). Results. Six RCTs with a total sample size of 410 were finally included. The pooled data showed that, compared with chemotherapy alone, CTCC combined with chemotherapy significantly improved DCR (RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06–1.25,

P

 = 0.006), ORR (RR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.18–1.63,

P

 < 0.00001), and QOL (MD = 8.69, 95% CI: 7.26–10.13,

P

 < 0.006) and reduced the incidence of total adverse reactions (RR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.38–0.60,

P

 < 0.00001). The subgroup analyses indicated that CTCC plus chemotherapy significantly improved gastrointestinal reactions (

P

 = 0.004), leukopenia (

P

 = 0.0009), thrombocytopenia (

P

 = 0.01), rash (

P

 = 0.002), and fever (

P

 = 0.007). Conclusion. Based on the available evidence, compared with chemotherapy alone, CTCC used as an adjunctive agent to chemotherapy for NSCLC can improve the clinical efficacy and quality of life and decrease the likelihood of adverse reactions, suggesting that CTCC might be an effective and safe adjunctive medicine to chemotherapy for NSCLC. However, considering the relatively small sample size and the inherent imperfections of the included randomized controlled trials, more high-quality clinical trials with longer follow-up time are needed to further assess the efficacy and safety of this combined treatment regimen.
Study on Dynamic Characteristics and Parameter Influence of a Kind of Bilateral Restraint Impact Vibration System
Authors: Ding Li , Cheng Shangshang , Zhang Kaifei , Chai Jiajun , Li He , Niu Chengdong , Cao Chao
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the hinge in the articulated structure is studied, the gap hinge is described as a nonlinear bilateral constraint, and the equivalent modeling and analysis of the hinge connection collision vibration are carried out based on the Lankarani–Nikravesh nonlinear contact force model. With the help of the method of nonlinear system dynamics analysis research, the Poincaré mapping of hinge joint collision vibration is constructed, the bifurcation diagram of the system with different parameters is solved, and the variation law of the system motion and the influence of parameters are analyzed by combining the time response diagram, phase diagram, Poincaré cross section diagram, and spectrum diagram of the typical motion of the system. The simulation results show that the system moves in a single degree of freedom and varies with parameters with multiplicative period bifurcation and rubbing edge bifurcation leading to chaos; the system’s periodic motion has shock state mutation and mirror jump transformation.
Hypertension Clinical Practice Guidelines (ISH, 2020): What Is New?
Authors: Chakraborty Dwaipayan Sarathi , Lahiry Sandeep , Choudhury Shouvik
Published: December 2021

Objective: In May 2020, the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) published “Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension.” The ISH 2020 guidelines were developed based on evidence criteria (i) to be used globally, (ii) to be fit for application in low-middle-income and high-income settings, and (iii) to be concise, simple, and easy to use by clinicians, nurses, and community health workers, as appropriate. The defined purpose was to adhere to the current evidence and develop a balanced proposal for global use in line with the ISH mission. Methodology: Multiple novel approaches have been included keeping in mind about lifestyle modification and flexibility in treatment options. Results and Conclusions: The ISH 2020 guidelines are practical and physician friendly. It also proves immensely helpful for low-resource countries without national guidelines on the management of hypertension.
Immunohistochemical and Transcriptional Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Components in Lethal COVID-19
Authors: Haslbauer Jasmin Dionne , Stalder Anna , Zinner Carl , Bassetti Stefano , Mertz Kirsten Diana , Went Philip , Matter Matthias , Tzankov Alexandar
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Since angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) was discovered as an essential entry factor of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2), there has been conflicting evidence regarding the role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in COVID-19. This study elucidates pulmonary expression patterns SARS-CoV-2 entry factors (ACE2 and transmembrane protease serine subtype 2, TMPRSS2) and RAAS components in lethal COVID-19. Methods: Lung tissue from COVID-19 autopsies (n = 27) and controls (n = 23) underwent immunohistochemical staining for RAAS components (angiotensin receptors 1 and 2, ACE2 and Mas-receptor) and bradykinin receptors 1 and 2. Staining of individual cellular populations (alveolar pneumocytes [ALV], desquamated cells [DES] and endothelium [END]) was measured by a binary scale (positive/negative). SARS-CoV-2 was detected using immunohistochemistry against nucleocapsid protein, in-situ hybridization and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Gene expression profiling for ACE2, ACE and TMPRSS2 was performed. Results: Subtle differences were observed when comparing COVID-19 patients and controls not reaching statistical significance, such as a higher incidence of ACE2-positivity in END (52% vs. 39%) but lower positivity in ALVs (63% vs. 70%) and an overall downregulation of ACE2 gene expression (0.25 vs. 0.55). However, COVID-19 patients with RAAS inhibitor (RAASi) intake had significantly shorter hospitalization times (5 vs. 12 days), higher viral loads (57,517 vs. 15,980/106 RNase P-gene copies) and decreased ACE/ACE2-expression ratios (4.58 vs. 11.07) than patients without. TMPRSS2 expression was significantly (1.76-fold) higher in COVID-19 patients than controls. Conclusion: Our study delineates the heterogeneous expression patterns of RAAS components in the lungs, which vary amongst cellular populations, and implies that COVID-19 patients with RAASi-intake present with a more rapid disease progression, although this requires further investigation.
5-Aminosalicylic Acid, A Weak Agonist for Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor That Induces Splenic Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Kubota Atsuhito , Terasaki Masaru , Takai Rie , Kobayashi Masaki , Muromoto Ryuta , Kojima Hiroyuki
Published: December 2021

Introduction: 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is widely used as a key drug in inflammatory bowel disease. It has been recently reported that 5-ASA induces CD4 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the colon via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates inflammation. However, the role of 5-ASA as an AhR agonist that induces Tregs in the spleen remains unknown. Methods: In the present study, we investigated these themes using an AhR-mediated transactivation assay and flow cytometry analysis. The experiments were conducted by using DR-EcoScreen cells and C57BL/6 mice. Results: The DR-EcoScreen cell-based transactivation assay revealed that 5-ASA acted as a weak AhR agonist at concentrations of ≥300 μM (1.31–1.45-fold), and that a typical AhR agonist, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), activated AhR at a concentration of 0.1 nM (22.8-fold). In addition, the treatment of mouse splenic cells with 300 μM 5-ASA in a primary culture assay significantly induced CD4+CD25 + Foxp3 + Tregs (control vs. 5-ASA: 9.0% vs. 12.65%, p < 0.05), while 0.1 nM TCDD also showed significant induction of Tregs (control vs. TCDD: 9.0% vs. 14.1%, p < 0.05). Interestingly, this induction was eliminated by co-treatment with an AhR antagonist, CH-223191. Discussion: These results suggest that 5-ASA is a weak agonist of AhR and thereby induces Tregs in spleen cells. Our findings may provide useful insights into the mechanism by which 5-ASA regulates inflammation.
Is There an Association between Norton Scale and Cognitive Impairment in Hip Fractured Elderly Patients?
Authors: Kagansky Nadya , Stambler Ilia , Mizrahi Eliyahu Hayim
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Geriatric assessment as an integrative part of assessment is a composite of a large number of scales. Sometimes it is difficult to transfer all of them. The Norton Scale Score (NSS) assesses the degree of risk to develop bedsores. In previous studies, a correlation between Norton Scale and function was found. A correlation between Norton Scale and cognitive assessments was not evaluated yet. The aim of this study was to determine if there is an association between Norton Scale Score and cognitive impairment. This association can further facilitate geriatric assessment in frail older patients, especially in older patients with communicative difficulties. Methods: We have performed an observational cohort study which included hip fractured older patients consecutively admitted to the rehabilitation ward of the Shmuel Harofe Geriatric Medical Center. The collected data included demographic data and data on chronic illnesses. Results of cognitive status assessment (Mini-Mental State Examination – MMSE) and Norton Scale assessment were received from the computerized patients’ charts. We evaluated the association between these 2 scales. Results: The study included 224 consecutive hip fracture patients with a mean age of 81.78 ± 7.19 years. Norton scores at admission, age, education, and previous stroke emerged as the only statistically significant parameters differing between those with cognitive decline and those without it. After adjusting for confounding variables, lower Norton scores at admission (OR 1.303, CI: 1.097–1.548, p = 0.003) were associated with an increased risk finding for cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that there is an association between Norton Scale Scores and cognitive impairment. Norton score parameters, under certain circumstances, such as speech and other communication difficulties, can be used as a proxy measure for MMSE to indicate cognitive impairment. These findings can be even more helpful in the present time of “COVID-19,” when we have to evaluate older patients with facial masks and other defensive suits.