bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the course and treatment of appendicitis in the pediatric population
Authors: Pawelczyk Alicja , Kowalska Malgorzata , Tylicka Marzena , Koper-Lenkiewicz Olga Martyna , Komarowska Marta Diana , Hermanowicz Adam , Debek Wojciech , Matuszczak Ewa
Published: December 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious virus causing mainly respiratory track disease called COVID-19, which dissemination in the whole world in the 2020 has resulted in World Health Organisation (WHO) announcing the pandemic. As a consequence Polish Government made a decision to go into a lockdown in order to secure the population against SARS-CoV-2 outbreak what had its major influence on the Polish Health Care System. All of the social and medical factors caused by the pandemic might influence children’s health care, including urgent cases. The aim of this survey was the analysis of medical charts with focus on the course and results of surgical treatment of children who underwent appendectomy before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: We performed analysis of charts of 365 subjects hospitalized in the Pediatric Surgery Department from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2020 because of acute appendicitis. Patients were divided into two groups—those treated in 2019—before pandemic outbreak, and those treated in 2020 in the course of pandemic. Results: the most common type of appendicitis was phlegmonous (61% of cases in 2019 and 51% of cases in 2020). Followed by diffuse purulent peritonitis (18% of cases in 2019 vs 31% of cases in 2020), gangrenous (19% of cases in 2019 vs 15% of cases in 2020) and simple superficial appendicitis (1% of cases in 2019 vs 3% of cases in 2020). There was statistically significant difference in the length of hospitalization: in 2019 the mean length of hospi-talization was 4.761 vs 5.634 in 2020. Laparoscopic appendectomy was performed more frequently before the COVID period (63% of cases treated in 2019 vs 61% of cases treated in 2020). In the pandemic year 2020, there was double increase in the number of conversion from the laparoscopic approach to the classic open surgery. In the year 2019 drainage of abdominal cavity was necessary in 22% of patients treated with appendectomy, in 2020 the amount of cases threated with appendectomy and drainage increased to 32%. Conclusions: fear of being infected, the limited availability of appointments at General Practitioners and the new organisation of the medical health care system during pandemic, delay proper diagnosis of appendicitis. Forementioned delay leads to higher number of complicated cases treated with open appendectomy and drainage of abdominal cavity, higher number of conversions from the laparoscopic to classic open technique, and longer hospitalization of children treated with appendectomy in the year of pandemic.
Uncovering drug repurposing candidates for head and neck cancers: insights from systematic pharmacogenomics data analysis
Authors: Chai Annie Wai Yeeng , Tan Aik Choon , Cheong Sok Ching
Published: December 2021

Effective treatment options for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are currently lacking. We exploited the drug response and genomic data of the 28 HNSCC cell lines, screened with 4,518 compounds, from the PRISM repurposing dataset to uncover repurposing drug candidates for HNSCC. A total of 886 active compounds, comprising of 418 targeted cancer, 404 non-oncology, and 64 chemotherapy compounds were identified for HNSCC. Top classes of mechanism of action amongst targeted cancer compounds included PI3K/AKT/MTOR, EGFR, and HDAC inhibitors. We have shortlisted 36 compounds with enriched killing activities for repurposing in HNSCC. The integrative analysis confirmed that the average expression of EGFR ligands (AREG, EREG, HBEGF, TGFA, and EPGN) is associated with osimertinib sensitivity. Novel putative biomarkers of response including those involved in immune signalling and cell cycle were found to be associated with sensitivity and resistance to MEK inhibitors respectively. We have also developed an RShiny webpage facilitating interactive visualization to fuel further hypothesis generation for drug repurposing in HNSCC. Our study provides a rich reference database of HNSCC drug sensitivity profiles, affording an opportunity to explore potential biomarkers of response in prioritized drug candidates. Our approach could also reveal insights for drug repurposing in other cancers.
Optimization of critical parameters for coating of polymeric nanoparticles with plasma membrane vesicles by sonication
Authors: Yang Feipeng , Cabe Maleen H. , Ogle Sean D. , Sanchez Veronica , Langert Kelly A.
Published: December 2021

Top-down functionalization of nanoparticles with cellular membranes imparts nanoparticles with enhanced bio-interfacing capabilities. Initial methods for membrane coating involved physical co-extrusion of nanoparticles and membrane vesicles through a porous membrane; however, recent works employ sonication as the disruptive force to reform membranes around the surface of nanoparticles. Although sonication is widely used, there remains a paucity of information on the effects of sonication variables on coating efficiency, leading to inconsistent membrane coating across studies. In this work, we present a systematic analysis of the sonication parameters that influence the membrane coating. The results showed that sonication amplitude, time, temperature, membrane ratio, sample volume, and density need to be considered in order to optimize membrane coating of polymeric nanoparticles.
Fully soft organic electrochemical transistor enabling direct skin-mountable electrophysiological signal amplification
Authors: Bontapalle Sujitkumar , Na Myeonghyeon , Park Haechan , Sim Kyoseung
Published: December 2021

Fully soft organic electrochemical transistors and a skin-mountable electrophysiological signal amplifier were developed by all soft components based on, particularly stretchable PEDOT:PSS enabled by crosslinking between PEG and DVS.
Thin-water-film-enhanced TiO2-based catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid
Authors: Chen Shaoqin , Fang Siyuan , Sun Zongwei , Li Zhangyang , Wang Chunling , Hu Yun Hang
Published: December 2021

A novel three-phase catalytic system with an in situ generated and dynamically updated thin water film covered on TiO2-based catalyst is designed for CO2 hydrogenation.
Correction: Redox-active ligand based Mn(i)-catalyst for hydrosilylative ester reduction
Authors: Chakraborty Soumi , Das Arpan , Mandal Swadhin K.
Published: December 2021

Correction for ‘Redox-active ligand based Mn(i)-catalyst for hydrosilylative ester reduction’ by Soumi Chakraborty et al., Chem. Commun., 2021, 57, 12671–12674, DOI: 10.1039/D1CC05614J.
Synthesis, crystal structures and reversible solid-state crystal-to-crystal transformation of three isostructural lead(ii) halide coordination polymers with different luminescence properties in bulk and nanoscale
Authors: Aboutorabi Leila , Morsali Ali
Published: December 2021

Novel isostructural lead(ii) halide CPs have been synthesized in bulk and nanoscale. The compounds exhibited reversible solid-state CTC transformations under mechanochemical reactions. The CPs displayed different thermal and fluorescence properties.
Electronic relaxation and dissociation dynamics in formaldehyde: pump wavelength dependence
Authors: Endo Tomoyuki , Neville Simon P. , Lassonde Philippe , Qu Chen , Fujise Hikaru , Fushitani Mizuho , Hishikawa Akiyoshi , Houston Paul L. , Bowman Joel M. , Légaré François , Schuurman Michael S. , Ibrahim Heide
Published: December 2021

The effect of the incident UV pump wavelength on the subsequent excited state dynamics, electronic relaxation, and ultimate dissociation of formaldehyde is studied using first principles simulation and Coulomb explosion imaging (CEI) experiments.
Theoretical insights into effective electron transfer and migration behavior for CO2reduction on the BiOBr(001) surfaces
Authors: Zhang Xiaochao , Li Tan , Guan Xiushuai , Zhang Changming , Li Rui , Xue Jinbo , Liu Jianxin , Wang Yawen , Fan Caimei
Published: December 2021

BiOBr(001) surfaces with Bi-, O- and Br-terminations can regulate the electron distributions, and the variation of electron density on the BiOBr(001) surfaces can manage the formation of CO or HCOOH products from CO2.
The effects of molecular weight and orientation on the membrane permeation and partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a computational study
Authors: Zhou Mi , Yang Hong , Li Huarong , Gu Lingzhi , Zhou Yang , Li Ming
Published: December 2021

Membrane permeation and the partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are crucial aspects affecting their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity.
Evaluation of the anticancer activities with various ligand substituents in Co(ii/iii)-picolyl phenolate derivatives: synthesis, characterization, DFT, DNA cleavage, and molecular docking studies
Authors: Jana Abhimanyu , Aher Abhishek , Brandao Paula , Bera Pradip , Sharda Saphy , Phadikar Ujjwal , Manna Sunil Kumar , Mahapatra Ajit Kumar , Bera Pulakesh
Published: December 2021

Four mononuclear cobalt(ii/iii) complexes have been synthesized and structurally characterized using four different pyridine-phenolate based ligands for their apoptotic induction in human cancer cell.
Effect of an axial coordination environment on quantum tunnelling of magnetization for dysprosium single-ion magnets with theoretical insight
Authors: Mondal Arpan , Konar Sanjit
Published: December 2021

Axial ligand fields control the relaxation time for quantum tunnelling of magnetization in dysprosium single ion magnets.
C(sp3)–H bond activation by the carboxylate-adduct of osmium tetroxide (OsO4)
Authors: Fujimoto Tomohiro , Hirata Yuka , Sugimoto Hideki , Miyanishi Mayuko , Shiota Yoshihito , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Itoh Shinobu
Published: December 2021

The carboxylate adducts of OsO4 ([OsO4(X)]−, X− = AcO− and BzO−) were isolated and their structures, physicochemical properties and reactivity were explored. The C(sp3)−H oxygenation mechanism by the carboxylate adducts was discussed based on their kinetics and DFT studies.
Potential-induced wetting and dewetting in pH-responsive block copolymer membranes for mass transport control
Authors: Kwon Seung-Ryong , Baek Seol , Bohn Paul W.
Published: December 2021

Potential-induced wetting and dewetting behaviors in pH-responsive block copolymer membranes are investigated to establish a promising mass transport control system for ultrasensitive sensing applications.
One-shot high-resolution melting curve analysis for KRAS point-mutation discrimination on a digital microfluidics platform
Authors: Li Mingzhong , Wan Liang , Law Man-Kay , Meng Li , Jia Yanwei , Mak Pui-In , Martins Rui P.
Published: December 2021

Proposed high-accuracy one-shot melting curve analysis on a digital microfluidics platform, enabling KRAS gene discrimination with single-nucleotide mutations in 3 seconds.
Analysis of the effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression on cancer cell invasionviathree-dimensional microfluidic invasion assays
Authors: Li Bingyu B. , Scott Erica Y. , Olafsen Ninni E. , Matthews Jason , Wheeler Aaron R.
Published: December 2021

We studied the effect of AHR expression on metastasis using cell invasion in digital microfluidic microgel systems (CIMMS), which provided a unique combination of functional discrimination with transcriptome profiling of sub-populations of cells.
Generation of droplets with adjustable chemical concentrations based on fixed potential induced-charge electro-osmosis
Authors: Wu Yupan , Hu Bowen , Ma Xun , Zhang Haohao , Li Wei , Wang Yucheng , Wang Shaoxi
Published: December 2021

We exploit a method for the on-chip control of the solute concentration within droplets by integrating ICEO mixing module with a droplet-based microfluidic system.
Unusual fluorescence behaviour of a heteroleptic Cu(i) complex featuring strong electron donating groups on a diimine ligand
Authors: Santander-Nelli Mireya , Sanhueza Luis , Navas Daniel , Rossin Elena , Natali Mirco , Dreyse Paulina
Published: December 2021

Synthesis of a novel bulky diimine ligand and its corresponding heteroleptic Cu(i). Unusual fluorescence behavior of a novel Cu(i) complex due to a strong electron-donor diimine ligand.
A unified total synthesis of benzo[d][1,3]dioxole-type benzylisoquinoline alkaloids of aporphines, coptisines, and dibenzopyrrocolines
Authors: Lv Jie , Li Zhi-Hong , Deng An-Jun , Qin Hai-Lin
Published: December 2021

A unified approach leading to benzo[d][1,3]dioxole-type benzylisoquinoline alkaloids of aporphines, coptisines, and dibenzopyrrocolines.
NiSe2/FeSe2 heterostructured nanoparticles supported on rGO for efficient water electrolysis
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Xi Baojuan , Gu Yu , Zhang Hua , Xiong Shenglin
Published: December 2021

Hybrid architectures composed of NiSe2/FeSe2 heterostructured nanoparticles supported on rGO were synthesized through a facile self-templating strategy, and exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance for overall water splitting.
Extended Corey–Chaykovsky reactions: transformation of 2-hydroxychalcones to benzannulated 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes and 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans
Authors: Fadeev Alexander A. , Makarov Anton S. , Ivanova Olga A. , Uchuskin Maxim G. , Trushkov Igor V.
Published: December 2021

We report the divergent synthesis of benzannulated 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes and 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans using the concept of extended Corey–Chaykovsky reactions.
Relativistic Coulomb screening in pulsational pair instability supernovae
Authors: Famiano M. A. , Mori K. , Balantekin A. B. , Kajino T. , Kusakabe M. , Mathews G.
Published: December 2021

Context.Pulsational pair-instability supernovae (PPISNe) and pair instability supernovae (PISNe) are the result of a thermonuclear runaway in the presence of a background electron-positron pair plasma. As such, their evolution and resultant black hole masses could possibly be affected by screening corrections due to the electron pair plasma.

Aims.The sensitivity of PISNe and PPISNe to relativistic weak screening has been explored.

Methods.In this paper a weak screening model that includes effects from relativistic pair production has been developed and applied at temperatures approaching and exceeding the threshold for pair production. This screening model replaces “classical” screening commonly used in astrophysics. Modifications to the weak screening electron Debye length were incorporated in a computationally tractable analytic form.

Results.In PPISNe the BH masses were found to increase somewhat at high temperatures, though this increase is small. The BH collapse is also found to occur at earlier times, and the pulsational morphology also changes. In addition to the resultant BH mass, the sensitivity to the screening model of the pulsational period, the pulse structure, the PPISN-to-PISN transition, and the shift in the BH mass gap has been analyzed. The dependence of the composition of the ejected mass was also examined.
The memory forensic research oriented to segment heap in Windows 10 system
Authors: ZHAI Jiqiang , CHEN Pan , XU Xiao , YANG Hailu
Published: December 2021

The current forensic research on heaps mainly extracts information from the heap of Linux and the NT heap of Windows. However, the study of how to extract the information on the segment heap in the Windows 10 from dump files is not sufficient. To reproduce the internal information on the segment heap, this paper proposes a method for locating and extracting the internal information on the segment heap in the Windows 10 according to the field offset in the vtype description information of memory object. The method uses the pool scanning technology to locate the process object, obtains the starting position of the process heap and scans the process heap according to the structural information on the process object and the process environment block object. Then it locates the position of the segment heap with its feature values, thereby extracting its internal information. Based on the analysis results, five forensic plugins for extracting the information on the segment heap were developed on the Volatility framework. The experimental results show that this method can effectively extract the information on the address of each segment heap and its internal components in the memory and on the size of committed memory, etc. The information can help investigators to analyze the digital traces left in the memory by cyber criminals or cyber attackers.
Research on the similarity of vibration characteristics of naval gun bracket based on similarity theory
Authors: GONG Junjun , FU Wei , ZUO Yuanhao , MA Jiarui , DING Heping
Published: December 2021

The similar scale model experiment can provide some reference for the research and development of naval gun weapons. This paper takes the naval gun bracket as an example to explain. Based on the dimensional analysis, equation analysis and finite element method, the modal parameter similarity relationship between the original model for bracket and the shrinkage ratio model is established. The results show that the error of predicting the natural frequency of the original model based on similarity relation is less than 2% comparing with the results of finite element numerical simulation, and the error is less than 10% comparing with the experimental results, and the mode of shrinkage model is close to that of the original model. It is proved that the theoretical method in this paper is feasible and practical in engineering. Therefore, the vibration characteristics of the original model can be estimated by analyzing the vibration characteristics of the carrier shrinkage ratio model, which provides a reference for ship gun designers.
Naming as one of the most important elements of brand management
Authors: Eskiev Musa
Published: December 2021

The article examines naming as one of the key elements of brand management, its role, and its meaning. This study addresses the most pressing problems for entrepreneurs during the creation of brand names. Also, the main negative consequences of choosing the wrong name are analyzed. The article discusses the most commonly used methods of generating names, examines the history of its choice by large companies (successful and negative experience). The process of developing the name is represented. The main approaches and tools for the names forming and classification of naming are considered and analyzed. The name plays an important role in the development of the brand. Besides, it is the first thing that draws attention to the brand and one of the key factors, which customers will eventually memorize about the product.
Ability of ergonomic timeout to reduce musculoskeletal discomfort related to fluoroscopic endoscopy
Authors: Hori Yasuki , Nagai Taisei , Hayashi Kazuki , Izumi Hiroyuki , Yokoyama Kiyoko , Ebara Takeshi
Published: December 2021

Endoscopists performing fluoroscopy procedures often suffer from musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to persistent static muscle contraction and the load imposed by radiation personal protective equipment. We devised the “practical load-on-the-shoulders releasing technique” (PoRT), integrated it within the work-rest schedule, and investigated its ability to reduce muscular discomfort. The results showed that PoRT lowered discomfort, including by maintaining the head angle closer to the neutral position and keeping the trunk in a stable state, which together resulted in an ideal posture. As a simple, no-cost intervention based on an ergonomic approach, PoRT may contribute to reducing MSDs.
Die Zukunft der zivil-militärischen Zusammenarbeit im Bereich der Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin
Authors: Sammito Stefan
Published: December 2021

Die zivile wie militärische Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin war schon seit Beginn ihrer Entstehung mit den ersten Ballonflügen und Flugzeugen eng verbunden. Wenngleich zivile wie militärische Anforderungen an die Piloten sich mit den Entwicklungen der hochkomplexen modernen Luftfahrzeuge teilweise deutlich differenzierten, so stellen die Besonderheiten der physiologischen Umgebungen und die hohen kognitiven Anforderungen über längere Zeiträume 2 Beispiele der Gemeinsamkeiten der zivilen wie der militärischen Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin dar.
Complicações funcionais do tratamento da instabilidade patelar com reconstrução do ligamento femoropatelar medial com terço medial do tendão patelar com acompanhamento mínimo de 5 anos
Authors: Camanho Gilberto Luis , Gobbi Riccardo Gomes , Andrade Marta Halasz de
Published: December 2021

Objetivo Avaliar complicações maiores após um mínimo de 5 anos de acompanhamento após luxação aguda ou recidivante da patela tratada com reconstrução do ligamento femoropatelar medial (LFPM) com terço medial do tendão patelar, com ou sem medialização da tuberosidade anterior da tíbia (TAT) associada.

Métodos Um total de 50 pacientes foram incluídos, com acompanhamento mínimo de 5 anos. Os pacientes foram avaliados em relação à ocorrência de complicações como rigidez articular, recidiva de luxação patelar ou instabilidade subjetiva relatada pelos pacientes, e incapacidade de retorno ao nível prévio de atividades físicas.

Resultados O acompanhamento médio foi de 8,9 ± 2,6 anos, com mínimo de 6 e máximo de 15 anos; 64% dos pacientes eram mulheres, com média de idade de 27 ± 11,2 anos; 24% dos pacientes foram submetidos a osteotomia da TAT para medialização concomitantemente; e 46% eram casos agudos. Foram constatados apenas 9 maus resultados (18%), todos decorrentes de recidiva da luxação (12%) e de queixa de instabilidade subjetiva (6%), ocorridos entre 36 e 60 meses de acompanhamento. Não ocorreram outras complicações. Dentre os maus resultados, cinco ocorreram em casos de luxação aguda, e quatro em casos recidivantes, e apenas um havia sido submetido a osteotomia da TAT.

Conclusão A reconstrução do LFPM com terço medial do tendão patelar, associada ou não à osteotomia de medialização da TAT, é uma alternativa no tratamento da instabilidade patelar aguda ou crônica, com falha de apenas 18% em acompanhamento mínimo de 5 anos. Além disso, é um tratamento seguro, sem apresentar outras complicações.
Avaliação da confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade da classificação de Roussouly para os tipos de lordose lombar
Authors: Yamazato Camila Oda , Ribeiro Gustavo , Paula Fabio Chaud de , Soares Ramon Oliveira , Cruz Paulo Santa , Kanas Michel
Published: December 2021

Objetivo Determinar a confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade intra- e interavaliadores da classificação dos tipos de lordose lombar de Roussouly.

Métodos Foram utilizadas 104 radiografias panorâmicas da coluna vertebral em incidência de perfil, de banco de dados, de indivíduos do sexo masculino com idade entre 18 e 40 anos. Utilizando o software Surgimap (Nemaris Inc., Nova York, NY, EUA), seis examinadores com diferentes níveis de experiência aferiram os ângulos espinopélvicos e classificaram o tipo de lordose de acordo com a classificação de Roussouly. Após um intervalo de 1 mês, as mensurações foram realizadas novamente, sendo calculadas as concordâncias intra- e interavaliadores através do teste Kappa de Fleiss.

Resultados O estudo demonstrou evidências positivas em relação à reprodutibilidade da classificação de Roussouly, com teste Kappa de Fleiss para concordância intra-avaliador entre razoável à quase perfeita (0,307–0,827), e interavaliador entre moderada (0,43) e razoável (0,369). Os examinadores mais experientes apresentaram maior concordância interavaliador, variando entre substancial (0,619) e moderada (0,439).

Conclusão A classificação de Roussouly, demonstrou boa confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade, tendo em vista que a concordância intra- e interavaliadores foi considerada no mínimo razoável, podendo atingir os níveis de substanciais à quase perfeitos em algumas situações. Os avaliadores com maior nível de experiência apresentaram maior concordância intra- e interavaliadores.
Mining the Twittersphere: Insights about Public Interest in Facial Reanimation Surgery from a Decade of Twitter Data
Authors: Rudy Hayeem L. , Ricci Joseph A.
Published: December 2021

Background With 500 million tweets posted daily, Twitter can provide valuable insights about public discourse surrounding niche topics, such as facial paralysis surgery. This study aims to describe public interest on Twitter relating to facial paralysis and facial reanimation surgery over the last decade.

Methods Tweets containing the keywords “facial paralysis” and “Bell's palsy” posted between January 1, 2009, and January 1, 2019, were collected using Twitter Scraper. Tweets were screened by keywords relating to facial paralysis, and usage of these terms trended over time. Logistic regression was used to identify correlations between the quantity of publications per year and these terms posted on Twitter.

Results 32,880 tweets were made during the study period, with no significant difference in the number of tweets per year. A very strong (r = 0.8–1.0) positive correlation was found between time and frequency of the term “plastic surgery” and “transfer” (p < 0.05). A strong (r = 0.60–0.79) correlation was found between time and frequency for the following terms: “facial reanimation,” “gracilis,” “masseter,” “plastics,” “transplant” (p < 0.05). A total of 619 studies with the keyword “facial reanimation” were published in PubMed within the study period. A very strong, positive correlation between publications per year and frequency was found for the terms “plastic surgery,” “function” and “esthetic,” and a strong, positive correlation was found for the “plastics,” “transplant,” “Botox,” “surgery,” “cosmetic,” “aesthetic” and “injection” (p < 0.05).

Conclusions An increasing number of discussion about facial paralysis on Twitter correlates with increased publications and likely surgeon discourse on facial reanimation surgery, driving public interest.
Elevated Levels of Urinary Biomarkers TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7 Predict Acute Kidney Injury in Neonates after Congenital Heart Surgery
Authors: Ramírez Michelle , Chakravarti Sujata , Busovsky-McNeal Melissa , McKinstry Jaclyn , Al-qaqaa Yasir , Sahulee Raj , Kumar T.K. Susheel , Li Xiaochun , Goldberg Judith D. , Gefen Ashley M. , Malaga-Dieguez Laura
Published: December 2021

Objectives This article investigated the utility of urine biomarkers tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP-7) in identifying acute kidney injury (AKI) in neonates after congenital heart surgery (CHS). TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7 are cell cycle arrest proteins detected in urine during periods of kidney stress/injury.

Methods We conducted a single-center, prospective study between September 2017 and May 2019 with neonates undergoing CHS requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Urine samples were analyzed using NephroCheck prior to surgery and 6, 12, 24, and 96 hours post-CPB. All patients were evaluated using the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare the medians of the [TIMP-2*IGFBP-7] values in the AKIN negative and positive groups at each time point. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to measure how well the [TIMP-2*IGFBP-7] values predict AKIN status.

Results Thirty-six patients were included. No patients met the AKIN criteria for AKI preoperatively. Postoperatively, 19 patients (53%) met the AKIN criteria for AKI diagnosis: 13 (36%) stage 1, 5 (14%) stage 2, and 1 (3%) stage 3. None required renal replacement therapy. At the 24-hour time points, patients who met the AKIN criteria for AKI had a statistically significantly higher [TIMP-2*IGFBP7] values than the patients without AKI (1.1 vs. 0.27 [ng/mL]2/1,000) at 24 hours (adj-p = 0.0019).

Conclusion AKI is a serious complication associated with adverse outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. [TIMP-2*IGFBP-7] urinary level 24 hours after CPB is a good predictor of AKI in this population.
Partial Duplication of the Lateral Semicircular Canal—A Novel Anatomical Malformation in a Child with Barakat Syndrome
Authors: Kannan Varun , Tran Brandon
Published: December 2021

Several known genetic causes of sensorineural deafness are associated with dysplasia of inner ear structures, including the cochlea and labyrinth. Here, we present a child with Barakat syndrome and sensorineural hearing loss, found to have multiple inner ear anomalies including partial duplication of the posterior limb of the left lateral semicircular canal. To our knowledge, duplication of the semicircular canal has not previously been reported. This finding expands our understanding of the range of anatomical variations observed in congenital inner ear malformations, and further characterizes the phenotypic manifestations of Barakat syndrome.
Ion-beam-induced in-plane a-axis oriented (0001) AlN and ScAlN thin film BAW resonators
Authors: Masamune Chiaki , Yanagitani Takahiko
Published: December 2021

High-Q RF bulk acoustic wave filters are still required for mobile communication applications. However, the in-plane orientation of commercial AlN films is random, despite their excellent out-of-plane c-axis orientation. We proposed combining two different orientation control techniques: self-texture for out-of-plane alignment and ion beam irradiation for in-plane alignment. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, both in-plane a-axis and out-of-plane c-axis aligned AlN and ScAlN films were grown on Ti/silica glass substrates using 0.3–0.5 keV grazing ion-beam-assisted RF sputtering technique without using epitaxial growth. The clear six symmetry in the pole-figure observed in AlN and ScAlN thin films indicates the single-crystal-like in-plane a-axis orientation. The ion beam direction corresponded to the in-plane 〈101̄0〉 axis. In-plane x-ray diffraction ϕ-scan curve and ω-scan curve FWHM were measured to be 25° and 2.2°.
High-current H2+ beams from a filament-driven multicusp ion source
Authors: Winklehner D. , Conrad J. M. , Smolsky J. , Waites L. H.
Published: December 2021

We report the results from a new multicusp ion source (MIST-1) that produces record steady-state currents of H2+ (1 mA) from this type of ion source with high purity (80% H2+). We built MIST-1 to fulfill the stringent beam purity and beam quality requirements for IsoDAR, a proposed discovery-level neutrino experiment, requiring a 10 mA, 60 MeV/amu continuous wave (cw) proton beam on the target. IsoDAR will use a cyclotron accelerating H2+ ions and using a novel radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) direct injection method. Systematic measurements, varying discharge voltage, discharge current, and gas pressure, indicate that the ideal operating regime is at low pressure, high discharge current, and high discharge voltage. We have measured the combined species emittance after the source extraction to be <0.05 π-mm-mrad (rms, normalized) for a 0.95 mA beam. Beyond showing high currents and high H2+ fraction, our measurements agree well with high fidelity simulations. These results show the feasibility of using a multicusp ion source for IsoDAR and the RFQ direct injection prototype and paves the way to record breaking cw beam currents of 5 mA H2+ (equivalent to 10 mA protons) from compact cyclotrons, ideal for underground installation.
Phase change materials for thermal energy storage: A perspective on linking phonon physics to performance
Authors: Lilley Drew , Menon Akanksha K. , Kaur Sumanjeet , Lubner Sean , Prasher Ravi S.
Published: December 2021

Thermal energy storage is being actively investigated for grid, industrial, and building applications for realizing an all-renewable energy world. Phase change materials (PCMs), which are commonly used in thermal energy storage applications, are difficult to design because they require excellent energy density and thermal transport, both of which are difficult to predict from simple physics-based models. In this Perspective, we describe recent advances in the understanding of the equilibrium and transport properties of PCM materials that can help accelerate technology development. We then emphasize how the microscopic phonon picture of both liquids and solids enables a better understanding of novel PCM systems and their predictive power. We then show how this microscopic picture can be used to understand kinetic processes, such as supercooling, and how it can impact the thermal power output in thermal energy storage systems.
Dynamic response and roughening of ferroelectric domain walls driven at planar electrode edges
Authors: Rapin Guillaume , Ehrensperger Sophia , Blaser Cédric , Caballero Nirvana , Paruch Patrycja
Published: December 2021

Understanding and controlling the motion, stability, and equilibrium configuration of ferroelectric domain walls is key for their integration into potential nanoelectronic applications, such as ferroelectric racetrack memories. Using piezoresponse force microscopy, we analyze the growth and roughness of ferroelectric domains in epitaxial thin film Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3, driven by the electric fields at straight edges of planar electrodes at two different temperatures. This device relevant geometry allows us to confirm that the domain walls are well described as one-dimensional monoaffine elastic interfaces driven in random-bond disorder. However, we observe a progressive increase in roughness as initially flat domain walls move through the disorder landscape, which could prove a significant limiting factor for racetrack-type memories using ferroelectrics.
Site determination of Mn atoms in Sn-Mn-Te alloy by electron channeling enhanced microanalysis
Authors: Huang Yi , Xu Xiao , He Dongsheng , He Jiaqing
Published: December 2021

Spectroscopically identifying the site information of doping atoms in a matrix promotes the understanding of transport regulation in thermoelectric bulks, but it is challenging to quantify because of the low doping amount. In this work, we present a systematic site characterization of Mn atoms in a Mn-doped SnTe alloy by utilizing the method of “atom location by channeling enhanced microanalysis.” Together with theoretical calculation, we demonstrated that the Mn atoms were doped by replacing the Sn atoms. Our experiment shows the validity of this method for the location determination of foreign impurities in thermoelectric systems made from heavier atoms. It is believed that this technique can be used as a general tool to explore the constitutional information of various thermoelectric materials.
Enhanced charge dynamics via V-doped SnO2 combined with interface functionalization for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Xiangyang , Liu Xinsheng , Wang Yiran , Liang Miao , Qin Chaoran , Sun Leshuai , Yan Chaofan
Published: December 2021

Tin oxide (SnO2) as a promising alternative material to TiO2 has been widely used in perovskite solar cells. Metal-doping will optimize the SnO2 films and further improve the device performance. The vanadium-doped SnO2 (V-SnO2) can highly enhance the carrier concentration and electrical conductivity, but the surface hydroxyl groups will result in abundant defect states. Some molecules with functional groups have been used to passivate interface traps. Metformin and urea were incorporated into the V-SnO2 films, and the NH2 groups will interact with SnO2 and perovskite to passivate interface traps. The metformin shows the stronger interactions between NH2 groups and SnO2 crystals than urea. Moreover, the diblock polymer of (PEO)150-(PPO)20 was incorporated into the polycrystalline (FA0.90MA0.10)0.92Cs0.08Pb(I0.98Br0.02)3 perovskite films to passivate defects at the grain boundaries and improve the stability. Under the synergistic effects of improved conductivity and interfacial functionalization, the best-performing device exhibits a high photoelectric conversion efficiency of 22.87% (a VOC of 1.157 V, a JSC of 24.37 mA cm−2, and an FF of 0.811). The charge recombination kinetics and transport dynamics are discussed by different detection techniques.
In situ investigation of carbon gasification using ultrabroadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering
Authors: Ran Yang , Boden André , Küster Felix , An Fengbo , Richter Andreas , Guhl Stefan , Nolte Stefan , Ackermann Roland
Published: December 2021

The gasification of carbonaceous feedstocks usually takes place in high-pressure, high-temperature reactors, making it difficult to have direct access to the reaction site. Since the greenhouse gas CO2 is a major component in gasification, there is an urgent need for a better understanding of these processes. In this study, we investigate carbon gasification in a CO2 atmosphere using the ultrabroadband, coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS). In contrast to conventional three beam CARS, this approach allows the simultaneous determination of the temperature of the CO2 atmosphere and the concentration of the reaction product CO. We show that temperature drop and increase in CO are directly linked to the feedstock conversion measured by thermogravimetric analysis. Due to gasification, a considerable temperature drop of up to 200 K was measured, which was predicted by simulations in the literature but has not been confirmed experimentally yet.
Anisotropic Shubnikov-de Haas effect in topological Weyl semimetal MoTe2
Authors: Wen Peiting , Li Si , Shu Weining , Lun Yipeng , Zhang Hongmei , Gao Wei , Zhang Li , Dang Fan , Zhao Qixiao , Li Bo , Yu Huakang , Huo Nengjie , Li Jingbo
Published: December 2021

Newly emergent type-II Weyl semimetals with topological surface states so-called Fermi arcs have attracted much attention for their novel physical properties and potential application in quantum devices. Here, we investigate the in-plane anisotropic structure and inversion symmetry breaking by angle-resolved polarized Raman and second harmonic generation and observe the anisotropic Shubnikov-de Haas effect in Weyl Semimetal MoTe2, which is only present in the b-axis (armchair chain) direction. First-principles calculation depicts the type-II Weyl points and clear topological Fermi arcs. A nontrivial π Berry's phase from Landau quantization and an extra-quantum oscillation frequency arising by Weyl orbit are obtained, which provide evidence for the existence of an anisotropic type-II Weyl state in MoTe2. This work reveals the nontrivial topological surface state of Weyl semimetal MoTe2 in both theory and experiment, providing a promising platform for unique physical properties and applications in quantum information processing.
Fabrication of inversion p-channel MOSFET with a nitrogen-doped diamond body
Authors: Matsumoto Tsubasa , Yamakawa Tomoya , Kato Hiromitsu , Makino Toshiharu , Ogura Masahiko , Zhang Xufang , Inokuma Takao , Yamasaki Satoshi , Tokuda Norio
Published: December 2021

A normally-off inversion p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) with a nitrogen (N)-doped diamond body deposited using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) was fabricated. The MOSFET exhibited a drain current density of −1.7 mA/mm. Thus far, this value is similar to the device performance of the inversion p-channel MOSFET fabricated using a phosphorus (P)-doped n-type diamond body. The N2 used for N-doping is safer than the PH3 used for P-doping; moreover, the doping concentration is highly controllable. Because the MOSFET, which is a classical electronic device, is driven by a gate voltage, smooth functioning was possible even at a deep donor level. The observed characteristics of the classic MOSFET operating via an N-doped body are crucial for the development of diamond power devices. In this paper, we discuss the significance of the N-doped diamond body and electrical characteristics of the inversion p-channel MOSFET fabricated using an N-doped diamond body.
The Role of Iconic Memory in Change-Detection Tasks
Authors: Becker Mark W , Pashler Harold , Anstis Stuart M
Published: December 2021

In three experiments, subjects attempted to detect the change of a single item in a visually presented array of items. Subjects' ability to detect a change was greatly reduced if a blank interstimulus interval (ISI) was inserted between the original array and an array in which one item had changed (‘change blindness’). However, change detection improved when the location of the change was cued during the blank ISI. This suggests that people represent more information of a scene than change blindness might suggest. We test two possible hypotheses why, in the absence of a cue, this representation fails to produce good change detection. The first claims that the intervening events employed to create change blindness result in multiple neural transients which co-occur with the to-be-detected change. Poor detection rates occur because a serial search of all the transient locations is required to detect the change, during which time the representation of the original scene fades. The second claims that the occurrence of the second frame overwrites the representation of the first frame, unless that information is insulated against overwriting by attention. The results support the second hypothesis. We conclude that people may have a fairly rich visual representation of a scene while the scene is present, but fail to detect changes because they lack the ability to simultaneously represent two complete visual representations.
A hyperbolicity criterion for a class of diffeomorphisms of an infinite-dimensional torus
Authors: Glyzin S. D. , Kolesov A. Yu.
Published: December 2021

On an infinite-dimensional torus

, where

is an infinite-dimensional real Banach space and

is an abstract integer lattice, a special class of diffeomorphisms

is considered. It consists of the maps

equal to sums of invertible bounded linear operators preserving

and

-smooth periodic additives. Necessary and sufficient conditions ensuring that such maps are hyperbolic (that is, are Anosov diffeomorphisms) are obtained.

Bibliography: 15 titles.
A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of simple closed geodesics on regular tetrahedra in spherical space
Authors: Borisenko A. A.
Published: December 2021

A necessary and sufficient condition is obtained for the existence of a simple closed geodesic of type

on a regular tetrahedron in spherical space.

Bibliography: 6 titles.
Relevance of Otago University postgraduate programmes in women’s health to general practice: a case study
Authors: Kanagasabai Parimala , Filoche Sara , Ekeroma Alec , Grainger Rebecca , Dowell Anthony , Paterson Helen
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION There are important changes in the health care needs of women presenting to general practice in New Zealand, which prompted an evaluation of postgraduate training needs of general practitioners (GPs) who care for women in the community. AIM To evaluate the perceived relevance of the curriculum of Otago University postgraduate programmes in women’s health to GPs’ work profile to identify any need for curricular change. This study was also performed to investigate the need for refresher courses or a Master’s degree in obstetrics, gynaecology and women’s health. METHODS In total, 426 GPs and GP trainees who had completed the postgraduate Certificate and Diploma programmes in women’s health were invited to complete an online survey. The survey consisted of multiple-choice questions with five-point Likert scale ratings to rate the relevance of papers to general practice, and options for free-text comments. RESULTS There were 86 responses (20.2% response rate) and we analysed 73 (17.1%). Curriculum modules related to gynaecological care were rated as more relevant than obstetric and newborn care. GPs suggested more training in contraception and management of infertility, abnormal uterine bleeding and pelvic pain including procedural skills such as insertion of long-acting reversible contraceptives, implants and intrauterine devices. An interest in a refresher course was indicated by 76.6% of GPs. DISCUSSION GPs recognised the need for enhanced training in women’s gynaecological care. Revision of the postgraduate women’s health curriculum and development of new refresher courses will enable GPs, trainees and prospective GPs to improve their care for women in the community.
The co-construction of campaign argumentation on U.S.A. late-night talk shows
Authors: Reijven Menno H.
Published: December 2021

This study shows that when presidential candidates visit, late-night talk show discourse is argumentative, and that this
argumentation is co-constructed by the host and the candidate. Through their questions, hosts implicitly invoke arguments by casting doubt
on the candidate’s presidential bid. By treating the host’s questions as critical questions expressing skepticism whether people should vote
for the candidate, politicians prototypically use two types of argument schemes to defend their case. First, to argue that their policy
proposals are needed, candidates use complex problem-solving argumentation. Second, to maintain that they have the skills and character to
succeed as president, candidates use symptomatic argumentation. In their response, candidates also deal with other critical questions
belonging to the argument scheme invoked through the host’s question. Which critical questions of that argument scheme the candidate
addresses in addition to the one posed by the host depends on the type of question the host has asked.
Inhibitory pattern recognition receptors
Authors: Rumpret Matevž , von Richthofen Helen J. , Peperzak Victor , Meyaard Linde
Published: December 2021

Pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns are sensed by the immune system’s pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) upon contact with a microbe or damaged tissue. In situations such as contact with commensals or during physiological cell death, the immune system should not respond to these patterns. Hence, immune responses need to be context dependent, but it is not clear how context for molecular pattern recognition is provided. We discuss inhibitory receptors as potential counterparts to activating pattern recognition receptors. We propose a group of inhibitory pattern recognition receptors (iPRRs) that recognize endogenous and microbial patterns associated with danger, homeostasis, or both. We propose that recognition of molecular patterns by iPRRs provides context, helps mediate tolerance to microbes, and helps balance responses to danger signals.
Global propagation of massive quantum fields in the plane gravitational waves and electromagnetic backgrounds
Authors: Andrzejewski K , Kosiński P
Published: December 2021

The behavior of massive quantum fields in the general plane wave spacetime and external, non-plane, electromagnetic waves is studied. The asymptotic conditions, the ‘in’ (‘out’) states and the cross sections are analysed. It is observed that, despite of the singularities encountered, the global form of these states can be obtained: at the singular points the Dirac delta-like behavior emerges and there is a discrete change of phase of the wave function after passing through each singular point. The relations between these phase corrections and local charts are discussed. Some examples of waves of infinite range (including the circularly polarized ones) are presented for which the explicit form of solutions can be obtained. All these results concern both the scalar as well as spin one-half fields; in latter case the change of the spin polarization after the general sandwich wave has passed is studied.
Effect of spectral resolution on weak-value based parameter estimation
Authors: Huang Jing-Zheng , Yu Yang , Zhao Dongzi , Li Hongjing , Zeng Guihua
Published: December 2021

There was a long-standing postulation that the precision of weak-value based metrology using post-selection and spectral analysis is limited by the resolution of spectrometer. Current proposals releasing this limitation require either initially Gaussian spectrum or giving up the weak value amplification approximation, both of which make extra restrictions and increase the difficulty of implementation. However, we find that this compromise is unnecessary. Rather than the spectral resolution, the precision of weak-value based metrology mainly relies on how accurate we know about the initial pointer state. Moreover, the relation between knowledge of the initial pointer state and the error-ratio of output is provided and numerically simulated. Our results suggest that the detection devices of weak-value based metrology can be significantly simplified, thus made it a more convenient technique for real-world applications.