bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN
ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION: THE MOSQUE OF ABDULLAH IBN SALAM OF
ORAN
Authors: Boukerch I. , Takarli B. , Mahmoudi R. , Tellai S. , Chadli D.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Studies on the architectural heritage can now be supported by three-dimensional reconstruction of actual buildings. The 3D digital model can be an effective medium for documenting the current state of historic buildings but also to create a resource for researchers who conduct their analysis on historical evolution. Architectural photogrammetry has its own specifications in relation to other photogrammetric applications, however it meets these expectations. The traditional approach requires the use of metric cameras but with the development of computational techniques, this requirement is overcome and opens the way for the use of non-metric camera. The use of the shots that is no longer restricted to the parallel configuration of bundles, the images may be convergent, horizontal or oblique. Combining and modelling several cameras increasingly powerful in resolution and stability, has great scope and the same workflow can be used in varied applications. ISPRS and ICOMOS created CIPA because they both believe that a monument can be restored and protected only when it has been fully measured and documented and when its development has been documented several times, i.e. monitored, also with respect to its environment, and stored in proper heritage information and management systems. In this paper the 3D modelling of an important cultural site using terrestrial photogrammetric techniques for architectural preservation is presented. The site is the mosque of Abdullah Ibn Salam, Built in 1880 at the initiative of Simon Kanoui, also known as the Great Synagogue of Oran was inaugurated in 1918 only. It was one of the largest and most beautiful synagogues in North Africa. It was built with stone imported from Jerusalem. This place of worship became in 1975 the mosque of Abdullah Ibn Salam who was a rich Jew of Medina who was converted to Islam. The structure is modelled using 321 oriented photos taken in five series of shots that cover all the façade and the interior of the building where more than 9200 points are created. Also some orthophotos of the important elements are produced and used as materials in the final stage which is the edition in a 3D modelling software. And a video virtual tour is generated using this software.
A New Map of the Permafrost Distribution on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zou Defu , Zhao Lin , Sheng Yu , Chen Ji , Hu Guojie , Wu Tonghua , Wu Jichun , Xie Changwei , Wu Xiaodong , Pang Qiangqiang , Wang Wu , Du Erji , Li Wangping , Liu Guangyue , Li Jing , Qin Yanhui , Qiao Yongping , Wang Zhiwei , Shi Jianzong , Cheng Guodong
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) possesses the largest areas of permafrost terrain in the mid- and low-latitude regions of the world. A detailed database of the distribution and characteristics of permafrost is crucial for engineering planning, water resource management, ecosystem protection, climate modelling, and carbon cycle research. Although some permafrost distribution maps have been compiled in previous studies and have been proven to be very useful, due to the limited data source, ambiguous criteria, little validation, and the deficiency of high-quality spatial datasets, there is high uncertainty in the mapping of the permafrost distribution on the TP. In this paper, a new permafrost map was generated mostly based on freezing and thawing indices from modified Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperatures (LSTs) and validated by various ground-based datasets. The soil thermal properties of five soil types across the TP were estimated according to an empirical equation and in situ observed soil properties (moisture content and bulk density). The Temperature at the Top of Permafrost (TTOP) model was applied to simulate the permafrost distribution. The results show that permafrost, seasonally frozen ground, and unfrozen ground covered areas of 1.06×106 km2 (40 %), 1.46×106 km2 (56 %), and 0.03×106 km2 (1 %), respectively, excluding glaciers and lakes. The ground-based observations of the permafrost distribution across the five investigated regions (IRs, located in the transition zones of the permafrost and seasonally frozen ground) and three highway transects (across the entire permafrost regions from north to south) have been used to validate the model. The result of the validation shows that the kappa coefficient varies from 0.38 to 0.78 with an average of 0.57 at the five IRs and 0.62 to 0.74 with an average of 0.68 within the three transects. Compared with two maps compiled in 1996 and 2006 (kappa coefficients in average 0.06 and 0.35 in five IRs, 0.34 and 0.50 within three transects, respectively), the result of the TTOP modelling shows greater accuracy, especially in identifying thawing regions. Overall, the results provide much more detailed maps of the permafrost distribution and could be a promising basic data set for further research on permafrost on the Tibetan Plateau.
Gendering the European Digital Agenda: The Challenge of Gender Mainstreaming Twenty Years after the Beijing World Conference on Women
Authors: Padovani Claudia
Published: October 2016

The goals set out in the 1995 Platform for Action of the Beijing World Conference on Women—to achieve gender equality in and through the media—interrogate today's digital policies: To what extent have internationally agreed-upon norms of gender equality and gender mainstreaming been recognized and implemented? To what extent has the knowledge produced by feminist scholarship informed media policy developments? What kind of new knowledge, and analytical frameworks, may contribute to unmask gender-unequal power relations in contemporary media environments? The article addresses these questions with a focus on European discourses and institutional practices for the Digital Agenda.
Book review of Yoad Winter’s Elements of formal semantics (2016)
Authors: Rett Jessica
Published: October 2016

Yoad Winter’s (2016) new textbook, Elements of formal semantics, is a formally sophisticated introduction to semantic theory. It treats standard beginner topics (e.g. transitivity, quantifiers, relative clauses) carefully and efficiently, using a directly compositional lambda calculus.
Correlation of Prenatal Diagnosis and Pathology Findings Following Dilation and Evacuation for Fetal Anomalies
Authors: Boecking Carolin A. , Drey Eleanor A. , Kerns Jennifer L. , Finkbeiner Walter E.
Published: October 2016

Context.—Despite increased use of dilation and evacuation in the setting of fetuses with developmental anomalies, the pathology examination of fragmented specimens obtained by this technique has been understudied.

Objectives.—To correlate pathologic findings in second-trimester fetal dilation and evacuation specimens with prenatal diagnoses established through ultrasound and/or chromosome studies to determine the value of pathology examination for supplementing or correcting clinical diagnoses.

Design.—In this retrospective study, clinical and pathology findings were correlated in 448 dilation and evacuation specimens performed for second-trimester termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies discovered on ultrasound examination (278 cases) or chromosome analysis (170 cases).

Results.—In 109 of the 170 cases with chromosomal abnormalities (64%), pathologists identified at least 1 congenital defect associated with the respective karyotype. In 278 cases with ultrasound-detected anomalies, pathologists confirmed the major congenital defect in 116 fetal specimens (42%). Evaluating for congenital central nervous system and body wall/diaphragm pathologic findings proved challenging owing to tissue disruption. However, taking all categories into account, pathology studies corrected ultrasound diagnoses in 152 of 413 cases (37%) and yielded additional diagnostic findings in 137 cases (33%).

Conclusions.—In a substantial number of cases, examination of fragmented fetuses corrected or refined prenatal diagnoses, demonstrating a role for detailed pathology examination of dilation and evacuation specimens in quality control of prenatal imaging studies and for potentially aiding subsequent genetic counseling.
Zika Virus: The Agent and Its Biology, With Relevance to Pathology
Authors: Medin Carey L. , Rothman Alan L.
Published: October 2016

Once obscure, Zika virus (ZIKV) has attracted significant medical and scientific attention in the past year because of large outbreaks associated with the recent introduction of this virus into the Western hemisphere. In particular, the occurrence of severe congenital infections and cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome has placed this virus squarely in the eyes of clinical and anatomic pathologists. This review article provides a basic introduction to ZIKV, its genetics, its structural characteristics, and its biology. A multidisciplinary effort will be essential to establish clinicopathologic correlations of the basic virology of ZIKV in order to advance development of diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.
Challenges of Frozen Section in Thoracic Pathology: Lepidic Lesions, Limited Resections, and Margins
Authors: Borczuk Alain C.
Published: October 2016

Context.—

The use of frozen section in thoracic pathology includes assessment of peripheral lung lesions with lepidic pattern, with greater emphasis on evaluating lung-sparing resections and margin assessment.

Objective.—

To review pitfalls of frozen section in thoracic pathology; in this setting, reduction of false-positive and false-negative diagnosis in lesion identification and margin assessment is critical.

Data Sources.—

PubMed search of frozen section lung pathology yielded specific references related to the use of frozen section in the identification of lepidic lesions and the clinical recommendation for margin distance.

Conclusions.—

Frozen section diagnosis is overall accurate in assessment of lepidic lesions. Pitfalls include rare benign mimickers and more common reactive lesions. Standard approaches to gross assessment and margin measurement require further research with increasing use of lung-sparing resections.
Théâtre : le lieu où l’on entend
Authors: Larrue Jean-Marc , Mervant-Roux Marie-Madeleine
Published: October 2016

Les deux auteurs proposent, dans cet article, une genèse des études sonores en théâtre dont l’émergence est toute récente, puisqu’elles n’ont pas dix ans. Ils précisent les défis auxquels elles ont été et sont confrontées, les objets qu’elles examinent. Après avoir défini l’auralité théâtrale et avancé certaines hypothèses sur l’« oubli » du son au sein des études théâtrales, les auteurs montrent comment la transformation des représentations (mentales et scientifiques) de l’ouïe et de l’espace aural, principalement depuis l’avènement des technologies de reproduction du son à la fin du XIXesiècle, s’est répercutée sur les scènes, renouvelant radicalement les pratiques scéniques des XXeet XXIesiècles.
Transfiguration théâtrale des objets par les sonorités et valeur esthétique
Authors: Urrutiaguer Daniel , de Verdalle Laure
Published: October 2016

Les compositions contextuelles visent à agir sur l’imaginaire des spectateurs afin de modifier la perception des objets et des espaces urbains par leur transfiguration poétique. Ces compositions sont basées sur l’amplification des sonorités de matériaux hybrides et sur une interprétation comportant une part d’improvisation. Le contexte de ces créations est en outre influencé par les possibilités de financement. Celles-ci dépendent du degré de reconnaissance de la valeur esthétique de la production artistique des compagnies dans un environnement marqué par une institutionnalisation encore fragile des arts de la rue et une crise de diffusion du spectacle vivant.
Dispositifs sonores et écoute performative : le cas de l’Autoteatro par la compagnie Rotozaza
Authors: Kapelusz Anyssa
Published: October 2016

Avec le cycle Autoteatro, la compagnie britannique Rotozaza crée, depuis 2007, des protocoles participatifs qui s’appuient sur des bandes-son préenregistrées. Celles-ci permettent de cadrer et d’organiser la rencontre et les interactions ludiques entre plusieurs spectateurs. Destinés à être performés, ces dispositifs sonores génèrent une expérience spécifique chez le participant, impliquant l’émergence d’une « écoute performative » qui se construit dans une tension vers l’acte à incorporer et à effectuer. Plus encore, ces dispositifs constituent une interrogation en acte de la théâtralité, puisque s’y opère un bouleversement des fonctions actoriales et spectatorielles. Ils offrent de réfléchir au développement de pratiques spectatrices singulières et diversifiées.
Re : Walden, jouer Écho contre Narcisse : l’art poétique sonore de Jean-François Peyret
Authors: Ballay Jean-François
Published: October 2016

En prenant pour point de départ un classique de la littérature américaine, Walden de Henry David Thoreau, Jean-François Peyret a mis en place un dispositif scénotechnique qui confronte acteurs, musique augmentée, création sonore, traitement d’images, voix de synthèse et avatars pour créer une anamorphose poétique, sonore et visuelle. Le spectacle, intitulé Re : Walden, nous invite à considérer non pas le double spéculaire, dont la figure mythique est celle de Narcisse, mais le double comme Écho, c’est-à-dire comme répétition à l’infini et accessoirement comme trouble de la mémoire, dans un monde qu’il nous faut sans cesse apprendre à habiter, sous peine de disparaître…
Radio Cargo Cult Liturgy : essai de transposition du théâtre radiophonique dans le visible
Authors: Cousins Rick , Léopold Janine
Published: October 2016

Les reprises sur scène de radio-théâtres de ce qu’on appelle l’âge d’or de la radio – qui correspond aux années 1930 et 1940 – prennent souvent des allures parodiques qu’on peut attribuer aux maladresses involontaires de ce type de productions radiophoniques. Cela soulève une question de fond : existe-t-il des éléments caractéristiques de cette esthétique des radio-théâtres qui soient transposables sur scène, dans des productions fondées sur la présence et le visuel? Pour répondre à cette question, l’auteur et une équipe de collègues artistes ont effectué une reprise d’un radio-théâtre phare de cette époque, appuyant l’auralité du radio-théâtre par des mouvements et des gestes scéniques. Il en résulte la création d’un nouveau texte qui fait la satire de cette vénération nostalgique de ce soi-disant âge d’or de la radio.
Réflexion sur les distances : mise en scène des voix
Authors: Finer Ella , Léopold Janine
Published: October 2016

Cet article porte sur la dynamique de la voix dans ses dimensions physiques et temporelles. Allant des recherches sur le son menées au XVIIIe siècle à la théorisation de Mladen Dolar sur la voix désincarnée, en passant par les expériences de certains dramaturges sur l’écoute et la réécoute du son de la représentation, l’auteure examine certaines pratiques de production sonore, dont 1) l’utilisation de voix live et de voix enregistrées; 2) le ventriloquisme et l’acousmatisation. C’est à partir de ces pratiques qu’elle analyse la performativité et la matérialité de la voix. L’article repose sur l’hypothèse suivante : la voix dont la source corporelle ne serait ni visible ni perceptible ne contribue pas à la mise en scène mais en devient un élément matériel. Il se termine par une analyse du personnage de la Voix dans Eh Joe que Samuel Beckett a écrit pour la télévision en 1965.
The Design, Development, and Reliability Testing of a New Innovative Device to Measure Ankle Joint Dorsiflexion
Authors: Charles James
Published: October 2016

Background:

In clinical and research settings, ankle joint dorsiflexion needs to be reliably measured. Dorsiflexion is often measured by goniometry, but the intrarater and interrater reliability of this technique have been reported to be poor. Many devices to measure dorsiflexion have been developed for clinical and research use. An evaluation of 12 current tools showed that none met all of the desirable criteria. The purpose of this study was to design and develop a device that rates highly in all of the criteria and that can be proved to be highly reliable.

Methods:

While supine on a treatment table, 14 participants had a foot placed in the Charles device and ankle joint dorsiflexion measured and recorded three times with a digital inclinometer. The mean of the three readings was determined to be the ankle joint dorsiflexion.

Results:

The analysis used was intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). There was very little difference in ICC single or average measures between left and right feet, so data were pooled (N = 28). The single-measure ICC was 0.998 (95% confidence interval, 0.996-0.998). The average-measure ICC was 0.998 (95% confidence interval, 0.995-0.999). Limits of agreement for the average measure were also very good: −1.30° to 1.65°.

Conclusions:

The Charles device meets all of the desirable criteria and has many innovative features, increasing its appropriateness for clinical and research applications. It has a suitable design for measuring dorsiflexion and high intrarater and interrater reliability.
Decreased motor cortex excitability mirrors own hand disembodiment during the rubber hand illusion
Authors: della Gatta Francesco , Garbarini Francesca , Puglisi Guglielmo , Leonetti Antonella , Berti Annamaria , Borroni Paola
Published: October 2016

During the rubber hand illusion (RHI), subjects experience an artificial hand as part of their own body, while the real hand is subject to a sort of 'disembodiment'. Can this altered belief about the body also affect physiological mechanisms involved in body-ownership, such as motor control? Here we ask whether the excitability of the motor pathways to the real (disembodied) hand are affected by the illusion. Our results show that the amplitude of the motor-evoked potentials recorded from the real hand is significantly reduced, with respect to baseline, when subjects in the synchronous (but not in the asynchronous) condition experience the fake hand as their own. This finding contributes to the theoretical understanding of the relationship between body-ownership and motor system, and provides the first physiological evidence that a significant drop in motor excitability in M1 hand circuits accompanies the disembodiment of the real hand during the RHI experience.
Endothelial cell-derived CD95 ligand serves as a chemokine in induction of neutrophil slow rolling and adhesion
Authors: Gao Liang , Gülcüler Gülce Sila , Golbach Lieke , Block Helena , Zarbock Alexander , Martin-Villalba Ana
Published: October 2016

Integrin activation is crucial for the regulation of leukocyte rolling, adhesion and trans-vessel migration during inflammation and occurs by engagement of myeloid cells through factors presented by inflamed vessels. However, endothelial-dependent mechanisms of myeloid cell recruitment are not fully understood. Here we show using an autoperfused flow chamber assay of whole blood neutrophils and intravital microscopy of the inflamed cremaster muscle that CD95 mediates leukocyte slow rolling, adhesion and transmigration upon binding of CD95-ligand (CD95L) that is presented by endothelial cells. In myeloid cells, CD95 triggers activation of Syk-Btk/PLCγ2/Rap1 signaling that ultimately leads to integrin activation. Excitingly, CD95-deficient myeloid cells exhibit impaired bacterial clearance in an animal model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Our data identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the chemoattractant effect of endothelial cell-derived CD95L in induction of neutrophil recruitment and support the use of therapeutic inhibition of CD95’s activity in inflammatory diseases.
Insight and Outlook – A Review of the Royal Society of Chemistry’s Open Access Program
Authors: Popov Mikhail
Published: October 2016

Watch the VIDEO of the presentation.To support the transition to Open Access (OA ), the Royal Society of Chemistry introduced the Gold for Gold initiative in 2012, rewarding all institutions subscribing to RSC Gold with voucher codes to make papers available via OA, free of charge.The ‘Gold for Gold’ scheme started as a pilot for the UK only and was rolled out to universities and research institutes in the rest of the world in 2013. In 2015 more than 700 customers qualified for this project and over 10,000 voucher codes were issued.We will provide background information and figures about the usage of the vouchers and acceptance of the project. We will review if there is a traceable record of success,  what effect the Gold for Gold project has on the RSC publications, if there is any measurable global impact; and finally what changes to expect in the future.With this presentation we want to support and add to the discussion around transition to Open Access, to promote Open Science and encourage further development of open access policies.
Not-so-expert review…
Authors: Robson Jonathan
Published: October 2016

Countless hours are spent writing expert reviews for one reason or another, but how many and what for? How do you write a good review and should you get credit for it? With data from a survey aimed at researchers at Södertörn University, Sweden, we considered what is needed to master this not-so-often-talked-about art form.
Microchannel-free collection and single-cell isolation of yeast cells in a suspension using liquid standing wave
Authors: Matsutani Akihiro , Takada Ayako
Published: October 2016

We demonstrate a microchannel-free collection method at nodes of liquid standing waves by the vertical vibration of a suspension including yeast cells. The pattern formation of the collection of cells using standing waves in a suspension was investigated by varying the frequency and waveform of vibrations. The single-cell isolation of yeast cells was achieved using a microenclosure array set at the nodes. In addition, we succeeded in the microchannel-free collection of yeast cells in a suspension, where patterns were formed by tapping vibration. The proposed technique is very simple and we believe that it will be useful for single-cell analysis and investigation.
Opening Review in LIS Journals: A Status Report
Authors: Ford Emily
Published: October 2016

INTRODUCTION Peer-review practices in scholarly publishing are changing. Digital publishing mechanisms allow for open peer review, a peer review process that discloses author and reviewer identities to one another. This model of peer review is increasingly implemented in scholarly publishing. In science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) disciplines, open peer review is implemented in journal publishing processes, and, in the humanities and social sciences, it is often coupled with new scholarship practices, such as the digital humanities. This article reports findings from an exploratory study on peer-review and publishing practices in Library and Information Science (LIS), focusing on LIS’s relationships with open peer review. METHODS Editors of LIS journals were surveyed regarding journal peer review and publishing practices. RESULTS This article reports the general “pulse” of attitudes and conversations regarding open peer review and discusses its challenges in LIS. Results show an ideological split between traditionally-published journals and open access and association-affiliated journals. Open access and association-affiliated journal editors are more likely to consider investigating open peer review. DISCUSSION The LIS community of journal editors, authors, reviewers, and readers need to discuss open peer review as well as experiment with it. Experiments with open peer review in scholarly LIS publishing will inform our praxis as librarians.
Expression and characterization of thermotolerant lipase with broad pH profiles isolated from an AntarcticPseudomonassp strain AMS3
Authors: Latip Wahhida , Raja Abd Rahman Raja Noor Zaliha , Chor Leow Adam Thean , Mohd Shariff Fairolniza , Mohamad Ali Mohd Shukuri
Published: October 2016

A gene encoding a thermotolerant lipase with broad pH was isolated from an AntarcticPseudomonasstrain AMS3. The recombinant lipase AMS3 was purified by single-step purification using affinity chromatography, yielding a purification fold of approximately 1.52 and a recovery of 50%. The molecular weight was approximately ∼60 kDa including the strep and affinity tags. Interestingly, the purified Antarctic AMS3 lipase exhibited broad temperature profile from 10–70 °C and stable over a broad pH range from 5.0 to pH 10.0. Various mono and divalent metal ions increased the activity of the AMS3 lipase, but Ni2+decreased its activity. The purified lipase exhibited the highest activity in the presence of sunflower oil. In addition, the enzyme activity in 25% v/v solvents at 50 °C particularly to n-hexane, DMSO and methanol could be useful for catalysis reaction in organic solvent and at broad temperature.
Single-agent maintenance therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of 26 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Qinxue , Huang Haobin , Zeng Xiaoning , Ma Yuan , Zhao Xin , Huang Mao
Published: October 2016

Background

The benefit of maintenance therapy has been confirmed in patients with non-progressing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after first-line therapy by many trials and meta-analyses. However, since few head-to-head trials between different regimens have been reported, clinicians still have little guidance on how to select the most efficacious single-agent regimen. Hence, we present a network meta-analysis to assess the comparative treatment efficacy of several single-agent maintenance therapy regimens for stage III/IV NSCLC.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search of public databases and conference proceedings was performed. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) meeting the eligible criteria were integrated into a Bayesian network meta-analysis. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) and the secondary outcome was progression free survival (PFS).

Results

A total of 26 trials covering 7,839 patients were identified, of which 24 trials were included in the OS analysis, while 23 trials were included in the PFS analysis. Switch-racotumomab-alum vaccine and switch-pemetrexed were identified as the most efficacious regimens based on OS (HR, 0.64; 95% CrI, 0.45–0.92) and PFS (HR, 0.54; 95% CrI, 0.26–1.04) separately. According to the rank order based on OS, switch-racotumomab-alum vaccine had the highest probability as the most effective regimen (52%), while switch-pemetrexed ranked first (34%) based on PFS.

Conclusions

Several single-agent maintenance therapy regimens can prolong OS and PFS for stage III/IV NSCLC. Switch-racotumomab-alum vaccine maintenance therapy may be the most optimal regimen, but should be confirmed by additional evidence.
A revision ofSanpasaurus yaoiYoung, 1944 from the Early Jurassic of China, and its relevance to the early evolution of Sauropoda (Dinosauria)
Authors: McPhee Blair W. , Upchurch Paul , Mannion Philip D. , Sullivan Corwin , Butler Richard J. , Barrett Paul M.
Published: October 2016

The Early Jurassic of China has long been recognized for its diverse array of sauropodomorph dinosaurs. However, the contribution of this record to our understanding of early sauropod evolution is complicated by a dearth of information on important transitional taxa. We present a revision of the poorly known taxonSanpasaurus yaoiYoung, 1944 from the late Early Jurassic Ziliujing Formation of Sichuan Province, southwest China. Initially described as the remains of an ornithopod ornithischian, we demonstrate that the material catalogued as IVPP V156 is unambiguously referable to Sauropoda. Although represented by multiple individuals of equivocal association,Sanpasaurusis nonetheless diagnosable with respect to an autapomorphic feature of the holotypic dorsal vertebral series. Additional material thought to be collected from the type locality is tentatively referred toSanpasaurus. If correctly attributed, a second autapomorphy is present in a referred humerus. The presence of a dorsoventrally compressed pedal ungual inSanpasaurusis of particular interest, with taxa possessing this typically ‘vulcanodontid’ character exhibiting a much broader geographic distribution than previously thought. Furthermore, the association of this trait with other features ofSanpasaurusthat are broadly characteristic of basal eusauropods underscores the mosaic nature of the early sauropod–eusauropod transition. Our revision ofSanpasaurushas palaeobiogeographic implications for Early Jurassic sauropods, with evidence that the group maintained a cosmopolitan Pangaean distribution.
Nonlinear temperature effects on multifractal complexity of metabolic rate of mice
Authors: Labra Fabio A. , Bogdanovich Jose M. , Bozinovic Francisco
Published: October 2016

Complex physiological dynamics have been argued to be a signature of healthy physiological function. Here we test whether the complexity of metabolic rate fluctuations in small endotherms decreases with lower environmental temperatures. To do so, we examine the multifractal temporal scaling properties of the rate of change in oxygen consumptionr(VO2), in the laboratory mouseMus musculus, assessing their long range correlation properties across seven different environmental temperatures, ranging from 0  °C to 30  °C. To do so, we applied multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA), finding thatr(VO2)fluctuations show two scaling regimes. For small time scales below the crossover time (approximately 102s), either monofractal or weak multifractal dynamics are observed depending on whetherTa< 15  °C orTa> 15  °C respectively. For larger time scales,r(VO2)fluctuations are characterized by an asymptotic scaling exponent that indicates multifractal anti-persistent or uncorrelated dynamics. For both scaling regimes, a generalization of the multiplicative cascade model provides very good fits for the Renyi exponentsτ(q), showing that the infinite number of exponentsh(q)can be described by only two independent parameters,aandb. We also show that the long-range correlation structure ofr(VO2)time series differs from randomly shuffled series, and may not be explained as an artifact of stochastic sampling of a linear frequency spectrum. These results show that metabolic rate dynamics in a well studied micro-endotherm are consistent with a highly non-linear feedback control system.
Effects of unstable flow on solute transport in the marsh soil and exchange with coastal water
Authors: Shen Chengji , Zhang Chenming , Jin Guangqiu , Kong Jun , Li Ling
Published: October 2016

Recent studies of marsh hydraulics have focused on tide‐induced pore water circulation as the main drive for solute transport in the marsh soil and exchange with coastal water. Our study revealed another important mechanism provided by unstable fingering flow, which largely modified solute transport paths. In the marsh interior, downward penetration of salt fingers forced ambient pore water and solute plumes to move upward and exit the marsh soil through marsh platform at relatively high concentrations, up to 2 orders of magnitude higher than exit solute concentrations at the tidal creek bed. The mixing of solute with ambient pore water in the marsh interior was intensified greatly by fingering flow. A critical distance to the creek was determined based on a field‐scale model simulation to distinguish tidal circulation‐dominated and fingering flow‐dominated solute transport zones. The new transport mechanism has implications for understanding the fate of solutes in particularly salt marshes of low creek densities.
A novel combination of four flavonoids derived from Astragali Radix relieves the symptoms of cyclophosphamide‐induced anemic rats
Authors: Zhang Li , Gong Amy G. W. , Riaz Kashif , Deng Jun Y. , Ho Chih M. , Lin Huang Q. , Dong Tina T. X. , Lee Yi‐Kuen , Tsim Karl W. K.
Published: October 2016

By using a feedback system control scheme, the best combination of formononetin, ononin, calycosin, and calycosin‐7‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside derived from Astragali Radix was shown to activate a hypoxia response element, a regulator for erythropoietin (EPO) transcription, in kidney fibroblast. In cyclophosphamide‐induced anemic rats, the treatment of combined flavonoids, or EPO, improved the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. In addition, the altered levels of antioxidant capacity, super oxidase dismutase, and malondialdehyde, triggered in anemic rats, were restored to control levels by the treatment of flavonoids. Here, we proposed a possible therapy by using the common flavonoids in treating anemia.
Impact of tau and amyloid burden on glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bischof Gérard N. , Jessen Frank , Fliessbach Klaus , Dronse Julian , Hammes Jochen , Neumaier Bernd , Onur Oezguer , Fink Gereon R. , Kukolja Juraj , Drzezga Alexander , van Eimeren Thilo ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2016

In a multimodal PET imaging approach, we determined the differential contribution of neurofibrillary tangles (measured with [18F]AV‐1451) and beta‐amyloid burden (measured with [11C]PiB) on degree of neurodegeneration (i.e., glucose metabolism measured with [18F]FDG‐PET) in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Across brain regions, we observed an interactive effect of beta‐amyloid burden and tau deposition on glucose metabolism which was most pronounced in the parietal lobe. Elevated beta‐amyloid burden was associated with a stronger influence of tau accumulation on glucose metabolism. Our data provide the first in vivo insights into the differential contribution of Aβ and tau to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.
Isoflurane prevents acquired epilepsy in rat models of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Bar‐Klein Guy , Klee Rebecca , Brandt Claudia , Bankstahl Marion , Bascuñana Pablo , Töllner Kathrin , Dalipaj Hotjensa , Bankstahl Jens P. , Friedman Alon , Löscher Wolfgang
Published: October 2016

Objective

Acquired epilepsy is a devastating long‐term risk of various brain insults, including trauma, stroke, infections, and status epilepticus (SE). There is no preventive treatment for patients at risk. Attributable to the complex alterations involved in epileptogenesis, it is likely that multitargeted approaches are required for epilepsy prevention. We report novel preclinical findings with isoflurane, which exerts various nonanesthetic effects that may be relevant for antiepileptogenesis.

Methods

The effects of isoflurane were investigated in two rat models of SE‐induced epilepsy: intrahippocampal kainate and systemic administration of paraoxon. Isoflurane was either administered during (kainate) or after (paraoxon) induction of SE. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Positron emission tomography was used to visualize neuroinflammation. Long‐term electrocorticographic recordings were used to monitor spontaneous recurrent seizures. Neuronal damage was assessed histologically.

Results

In the absence of isoflurane, spontaneous recurrent seizures were common in the majority of rats in both models. When isoflurane was administered during kainate injection, duration and severity of SE were not affected, but only few rats developed spontaneous recurrent seizures. A similar antiepileptogenic effect was found when paraoxon‐treated rats were exposed to isoflurane after SE. Moreover, in the latter model, isoflurane prevented BBB dysfunction and neurodegeneration, whereas isoflurane reduced neuroinflammation in the kainate model.

Interpretation

Given that isoflurane is a widely used volatile anesthetic, and is used for inhalational long‐term sedation in critically ill patients at risk to develop epilepsy, our findings hold a promising potential to be successfully translated into the clinic. Ann Neurol 2016;80:896–908
Community‐Based Learning and Critical Community Psychology Practice: Conducive and Corrosive Aspects
Authors: Hart Andrew , Akhurst Jacqui
Published: October 2016

Community‐based learning (CBL) has been more recently introduced into some psychology programmes in the UK than in the USA, where it has existed for a number of decades in the form of ‘service learning’. CBL holds promise as a means of promoting and developing critical community psychology practice, but there are risks involved in its acritical adoption in the psychology curriculum. If associated power dynamics are not considered, CBL has the capacity to serve neoliberal interests and perpetuate, rather than challenge, oppressive social relations.

This article examines ways in which CBL can be both conducive and corrosive to critical community psychology practice. Drawing on interdisciplinary literature, it explores ways in which students participating in CBL can be vulnerable to exploitation—both as victims and perpetrators—through collusion and cultural voyeurism.

Consideration is given to ways of resisting institutional and other pressures to comply uncritically with the demands of the ‘employability agenda’. These include the importance of facilitated reflective processes in associated modules, to consider aspects of the interactions of people and systems. The article concludes that whilst CBL is inherently risky and involves discomfort for students, this enables development of a more informed consciousness where truly participatory work evolves towards greater social justice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyaniline‐Coated Platinum Nanocube Assemblies as Enhanced Methanol Oxidation Electrocatalysts
Authors: Sun Xiuhui , Zhang Nan , Huang Xiaoqing
Published: October 2016

In this work, we report the design of a new class of core–shell superstructure consisting of Pt nanocube assemblies (NCAMs) as the active core and polyaniline (PANI) as the protective and conductive shell as a highly efficient methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) electrocatalyst. The assembly feature of the nanocubes and the unique π‐conjugated structure of PANI make PANI‐coated Pt NCAMs a promising candidate as a catalyst for the MOR that is generally more active and stable than uncoated Pt NCAMs and commercial Pt/C. At the same time, the PANI‐coated Pt NCAMs exhibit high stability during long‐term potential cycles. This work provides a unique assembly strategy to boost the catalytic activity and stability of electrocatalysts further.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Spiro‐Lactams and Polysubstituted Pyrroles via Ceric Ammonium Nitrate‐Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of N‐Furan‐2‐ylmethyl‐β‐enaminones.
Authors: Peng Hui , Li Jiuyi , Wang Furong , Liu Bo , Yin Biaolin
Published: October 2016

Polysubstituted pyrroles and diastereoisomeric mixtures of spirolactams are obtained by reacting furfurylamines with ynones followed by oxidation with different amounts of CAN.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Diazo‐1‐phenyl‐2‐((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)ethan‐1‐one: Another Utility for Electrophilic Trifluoromethylthiolation Reactions.
Authors: Huang Zhongyan , Okuyama Kenta , Wang Chen , Tokunaga Etsuko , Li Xiaorui , Shibata Norio
Published: October 2016

The title diazo‐triflone (II) appears to be an effective electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolation reagent for a broad set of enamines, indoles, β‐keto esters, pyrroles and anilines under copper catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Hiyama‐Type Decarboxylative Coupling of Propiolic Acids and Organosilanes.
Authors: Raja Gabriel Charles Edwin , Irudayanathan Francis Mariaraj , Kim Han‐Sung , Kim Jimin , Lee Sunwoo
Published: October 2016

The reaction has a good functional group tolerance and is applicable to the transformation of but‐2‐ynedioic acid to symmetrical diarylalkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluations of Novel Spiro Cyclic 2‐Oxindole Derivatives of N‐(1H‐Pyrazol‐5‐Yl)‐hexahydroquinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Abdelmoniem Amr Mohamed , Abdelshafy Abdelhamid Ismail , Soliman Ghozlan Said Ahmed , Ramadan Muhammed Ali
Published: October 2016

Most of the prepared title spirocyclic compounds exhibit moderate to high antimicrobial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Trimetallic Relay Catalysis: A Unified Approach for the Synthesis of β‐Carbolines and Other [c]‐Fused Pyridines.
Authors: Dhiman Seema , Mishra Uttam K. , Ramasastry S. S. V.
Published: October 2016

A divergent strategy leads to the synthesis of di‐ and trisubstituted β‐carbolines through an unprecedented one‐pot triple‐orthogonal‐metal relay catalysis, and disubstituted hydroxy‐β‐carbolines through a one‐pot bimetallic relay catalysis from (aminophenyl)hexenynols.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallogels from Coordination Complexes, Organometallic, and Coordination Polymers
Authors: Dastidar Parthasarathi , Ganguly Sumi , Sarkar Koushik
Published: October 2016

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Chemical Synthesis of SUMO Proteins
Authors: Melnyk Oleg , Vicogne Jerome
Published: October 2016

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Chemical Behavior of 1,2,4‐Triazine Derivatives Bearing Phosphorus Amides as Donor—Acceptors: A Review
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Reda Mohammady , Saad Hosam A.
Published: October 2016

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds Using Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis
Authors: Aitken R. Alan , Boubalouta Youcef
Published: October 2016

Review: 160 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of 5‐Methylidene‐3,5‐dihydro‐4H‐imidazol‐4‐ones
Authors: Baleeva Nadezhda S. , Baranov Mikhail S.
Published: October 2016

Review: [21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Material and Device Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Hui‐Seon , Seo Ja‐Young , Park Nam‐Gyu
Published: October 2016

Review: [34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanomaterial‐oriented Molecular Simulations of Ion Behaviour in Aqueous Solution under Nanoconfinement
Authors: Zhu Yudan , Ruan Yang , Zhang Yumeng , Lu Linghong , Lu Xiaohua
Published: October 2016

Review: 114 refs.
Assessing Nutrient, Biomass, and Sediment Transport of Drainage Ditches in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Authors: Nsenga Kumwimba Mathieu , Zhu Bo , Dong Zhixin , Tang Jialiang , Wang Tao , Xiao Liwei , Kavidia Muyembe Diana
Published: October 2016

The contributions of drainage ditches to the accelerated eutrophication of rivers have rarely been assessed, especially for the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) drainage ditches. Forty drainage ditches in the TGR from multiple land use types were extensively investigated for 10 parameters of water quality. The results showed that the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the TGR drainage ditches were generally far higher than the internationally recognized eutrophication threshold. Based on this study, both ditch water and sediments from residential land and roadside land had the highest concentrations of nutrients. Possible sources of these nutrients include sewage water and septic tank overflow. Forestland had significantly lower concentrations of nutrients. Residential ditches had higher values of electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solid (TDS) values and lower dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. Forestland had lower values of EC and TDS values and higher DO concentrations. The results indicate that the nutrients that have accumulated in the sediments have significant impacts on the water quality in adjacent ditches. A long‐term plan must be developed to more strictly control the external loading of nutrients from surrounding land. Action plans to promote the growth of wetland plants in drainage ditches are important for increasing agrochemical retention in the TGR drainage ditches. TGR drainage ditches from residential zones must be actively managed by cleaning and sediment removal to control the risk of nutrients being released into the reservoir.
Metal Biosorption in Single‐ and Multi‐Metal Solutions by Biosorbents: Indicators of Efficacy in Natural Wastewater
Authors: Sim Carrie Siew Fang , Ting Adeline Su Yien
Published: October 2016

Metal biosorption by a mixed‐microbial biosorbent of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (bacterium) and Saccharicola bicolor (fungus) was compared against their respective single biosorbents to determine their efficacies in removing Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd in single‐ and multi‐metal solutions. The multi‐metal solutions mimic natural wastewater which may interact differently between metal ions‐biosorbent, as well as between the metal ions. The results revealed that application of S. maltophilia (single, Sm) was the most effective, followed by mixed‐biosorbent (MB), then S. bicolor (single, Sb); occurring in both single‐ and multi‐metal solutions. The biosorbents preferred Cu > Pb > Cd > Zn in both metal‐solutions, with Sm demonstrating superior biosorption for all metals compared to other biosorbents. Attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) analysis detected different functional group profiles present on mixed biosorbent compared to the respective single forms, which may have influenced metal biosorption. All biosorbents adsorbed most of the metals via a rate‐limiting step indicated by compliance to pseudo‐second order kinetic. The biosorbent Sm was identified to having the most potential for further development as useful biosorbent for application in natural wastewater.
Dynamic link sleeping reconfigurations for green traffic engineering
Authors: Okonor Obinna , Wang Ning , Georgoulas Stylianos , Sun Zhili
Published: October 2016

The high volume of energy consumption has become a great concern to the Internet community because of high energy waste on redundant network devices. One promising scheme for energy savings is to reconfigure network elements to sleep mode when traffic demand is low. However, due to the nature of today's traditional IP routing protocols, network reconfiguration is generally deemed to be harmful because of routing table reconvergence. To make these sleeping network elements, such as links, robust to traffic disruption, we propose a novel online scheme called designate to sleep algorithm that aims to remove network links without causing traffic disruption during energy‐saving periods. Considering the nature of diurnal traffic, there could be traffic surge in the network because of reduced network capacity. We therefore propose a complementary scheme called dynamic wake‐up algorithm that intelligently wakes up minimum number of sleeping links needed to control such dynamicity. This is contrary to the normal paradigm of either reverting to full topology and sacrificing energy savings or employing on‐the‐fly link weight manipulation. Using the real topologies of GEANT and Abilene networks respectively, we show that the proposed schemes can save a substantial amount of energy without affecting network performance.
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia moderates the impact of maternal prenatal anxiety on infant negative affectivity
Authors: Peltola Mikko J. , Mäkelä Tiina , Paavonen E. Juulia , Vierikko Elina , Saarenpää‐Heikkilä Outi , Paunio Tiina , Hietanen Jari K. , Kylliäinen Anneli
Published: October 2016

Maternal prenatal anxiety is associated with infants’ temperamental negative affectivity (NA), but it is unclear to what extent children vary in their susceptibility to prenatal influences. We tested a hypothesis that infants’ respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), an index of parasympathetic vagal tone and a potential marker of differential susceptibility to environmental influences, moderates the effects of maternal prenatal anxiety on the development of infant NA. Prenatal anxiety was assessed during the last trimester of pregnancy in a low‐risk community sample. Infant NA, baseline RSA, and maternal postnatal anxiety were assessed at 8–10 months of infant age. Regression analyses were performed to predict infant NA on the basis of prenatal anxiety, infant baseline RSA, and their interaction (N = 173). Maternal prenatal anxiety and infant RSA interactively predicted infant NA at 8–10 months. Among infants with high RSA, a significant positive association between prenatal anxiety and infant NA was observed, whereas prenatal anxiety did not predict infant NA among infants with low RSA. Vagal tone, as indexed by baseline RSA, may provide a promising marker of differential susceptibility to the long‐term effects of varying intrauterine conditions.