bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recognizing seizure clusters in the community: The path to uniformity and individualization in nomenclature and definition
Authors: Haut Sheryl R. , Nabbout Rima
Published: August 2022

Seizure emergencies experienced by patients with epilepsy include status epilepticus and seizure clusters. Although an accepted definition of status epilepticus exists, no clear consensus definition of seizure clusters has emerged; this is further complicated by the appearance in the literature of various empirically based definitions that have been developed for clinical trial study designs. In general, patients with intractable epilepsy have been shown to have a significant risk for acute episodes of increased seizure activity called seizure clusters (also referred to as acute repetitive seizures, among other terms) that differ from their usual seizure pattern. Duration (e.g., number of hours or days) is often included in the definition of a seizure cluster; however, the duration may vary among patients, with some seizure clusters lasting ≥24 h and requiring long‐acting treatment for this period. In addition to seizure cluster duration, the time between seizures and possible acceleration in seizure frequency during the cluster may be important variables. The recognition and treatment of seizure clusters require urgent action because episodes that are not quickly and appropriately treated may lead to injury or progress to status epilepticus or potentially death. Most seizure clusters occur outside a medical facility (in the community) and treatment is usually administered by nonmedical individuals; therefore, health care providers may benefit from a clear description of these potential seizure emergencies that they can then use to educate patients and caregivers on the prompt and appropriate identification of seizure clusters and administration of rescue therapy. Here we explore why greater uniformity is needed in the discussion of seizure clusters. This exploration examines epidemiologic studies of seizure clusters and status epilepticus, inconsistencies in nomenclature and definitions for seizure clusters, practical application of seizure cluster terminology, and the potential use of acute seizure action plans and patient‐specific individualized definitions in the clinical setting.
WINNETOU, WHITE INNOCENCE, AND SETTLER TIME
Authors: Gallagher Maureen O.
Published: August 2022

Proclaiming ‘every generation has its Winnetou’, German network RTL ushered in the return of Winnetou to German television in 2016 with a big‐budget film trilogy, Winnetou – Der Mythos Lebt. This article analyses the Winnetou film trilogy in dialogue with Karl May's original 1893 novels and the 1960s West German westerns using the concepts of settler time and white innocence. It brings a critical focus on race that is lacking in much existing scholarship on May, showing how whiteness functions in the Winnetou franchise as a structuring principle. In the new Winnetou, the blood brotherhood between the white German Old Shatterhand and the Mescalero Apache Winnetou becomes a way of forging connections not only across cultures but across temporal lines, allowing for the imposition of settler time onto Indigenous persons and the erasure of Indigenous sovereignty and survival in order to centre a narrative of German innocence and reinscribe fantasies of white conquest in the American West.
Patients with previous immediate hypersensitivity reactions to polyethylene glycol can safely receive the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine
Authors: Hurst Miriam , Jordan Anthony , Capstick Janice , Brewerton Maia , Cockroft Ruellyn , Ingram Joan
Published: August 2022

Previous anaphylaxis or immediate allergic reaction to polyethylene glycol (PEG; also known as macrogol) is considered a contraindication to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine, which contains 50 ug of PEG at a molecular weight of 2000, and this component is thought to account for the higher rate of anaphylaxis seen with this vaccine (4.7 per million doses) than with other non‐mRNA vaccines. However, there is evidence that both anaphylaxis to PEG and anaphylaxis to the Pfizer COVID‐19 reaction may not be IgE‐mediated, with patients with anaphylaxis to first dose of the Pfizer COVID‐19 vaccine receiving their second dose of vaccine without no or milder reactions in a high‐risk clinic setting. In New Zealand, non‐PEG‐containing COVID‐19 vaccines were not available until late 2021. Therefore, we offered patients with known or suspected PEG anaphylaxis their first dose of Pfizer COVID‐19 vaccine in a high‐risk hospital clinic. Eleven patients with previous hypersensitivity to PEG (including eight with anaphylaxis) successfully received their first dose with mild or no reactions; all have now had their second doses in the community without significant reaction. Record review also showed that most patients with previous hypersensitivity reactions to pegylated asparaginase have also been successfully vaccinated. This demonstrates that previous PEG hypersensitivity, including anaphylaxis, does not exclude immunisation with the Pfizer COVID‐19 vaccine.
The prevalence of general obesity, abdominal obesity, and hypertension and its related risk factors among young adult students in Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Nurshad , Mahmud Firoz , Akter Syeda Ayshia , Islam Shiful , Sumon Abu Hasan , Barman Dhirendra Nath , Islam Farjana
Published: August 2022

Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and related mortality worldwide. The presence of general and abdominal obesity in hypertensive individuals increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality. However, evidence on the burden of obesity and hypertension and associated factors are lacking or limited among young adult students in Bangladesh. This study measured the prevalence and factors associated with general and abdominal obesity and hypertension among university students in Bangladesh. In this study, a total of 1011 students (647 males and 364 females) were enrolled on nine public universities in eight divisional regions of Bangladesh. Data were collected on socio‐demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle in a questionnaire form. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association of general obesity, abdominal obesity and hypertension with different factors. The prevalence of general obesity, abdominal obesity and hypertension was 8.3%, 20.7%, and 10.2%, respectively. The females had a higher prevalence of general obesity (8.8%) and abdominal obesity (26.3%) compared to the males (8.0% and 17.7%, respectively). However, a higher prevalence of hypertension was observed in males (12.2%) than in the female (6.1%) patients. In regression analysis, age showed a significant association with general obesity, whereas, age and female sex were significantly associated with abdominal obesity. The analysis also identified the male sex and high BMI as the increased risk factors for hypertension. Our study suggests a comprehensive screening program and campaigns to increase awareness about obesity and hypertension and its risk factors among young adults in Bangladesh.
The role of HPV in keratinocyte skin cancer development: A systematic review
Authors: Neagu Nicoleta , Dianzani Caterina , Venuti Aldo , Bonin Serena , Voidăzan Septimiu , Zalaudek Iris , Conforti Claudio
Published: August 2022

Keratinocyte skin cancers are the most frequent malignancy, accounting for approximately 30% of all cancers. Although beta genus HPV are the main etiologic agents for squamous cell carcinoma development in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis and organ transplant recipients, their role in non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) progression in the general population remains controversial. The aim of our review is to summarize current scientific data and to systematically analyse evidence regarding the role of HPV in keratinocyte skin cancers. A total of 2284 patients were included, of which 724 with actinic keratoses, 290 with Bowen's disease, 949 with cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and 321 with keratoacanthomas. In the case of actinic keratoses, the majority were positive for beta (n = 372, 58.49%) and gamma HPV (n = 256, 40.25%) and only a few (n = 6, 0.94%) were positive for alpha subtypes. Similarly, most of the cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas were positive for beta (n = 248, 55.98%) and gamma HPV (n = 172, 33.82%) and 23 cases (2.42%) were positive for alpha subtypes. Bowen's disease lesions were mostly positive for beta (n = 43, 55.84%) and alpha HPV (n = 30, 38.96%), in contrast to the gamma genus (n = 4, 5.19%). Keratoacanthomas showed a high distribution among beta genus (n = 79, 50.31%) and an equal proportion between alpha (n = 39, 24.84%) and gamma (n = 39, 24.84%) genera. Studies published so far identifying HPV in keratinocyte skin cancers reflect the difference in detection methods rather than a type‐specific tendency towards either actinic keratoses, Bowen's disease, squamous cell carcinoma or keratoacanthoma. On the other hand, recent evidence regarding the role of HPV vaccination in patients with non‐melanoma skin cancer brings into perspective the idea of a beta‐HPV vaccine or a combined alpha and beta‐HPV vaccine that could be used as an adjuvant treatment measure in patients with recalcitrant non‐melanoma skin cancer.
Evaluation of the membrane damage mechanism of chlorogenic acid against Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus luteus a simulation study on antibacterial growth in food
Authors: Tian Lu , Liao Sichen , Guo Wenyao , Wang Xuyang , Wu Mi , Xue Zhifei , Yang Siqi , Fu Jiapeng , Liu Zhiqiang , Gong Guoli
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to examine the mechanism of membrane damage by chlorogenic acid (CA) on Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus luteus and to apply it to milk and pork to evaluate whether CA could prolong their shelf life. A broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CA on B. cereus and M. luteus. In addition, the physiological changes and morphology of B. cereus and M. luteus after CA treatment were explored using membrane potential, intracellular ATP concentration, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG‐SEM). The results showed that the MIC value of CA on both B. cereus and M. luteus was 2.5 mg/ml. The abnormal changes in membrane potential and the decrease of intracellular ATP concentration indicated that CA affected the membrane integrity of B. cereus and M. luteus. Observation by FEG‐SEM showed that CA ruptured the cell membrane of B. cereus and M. luteus, causing the contents to flow out, and giving the cells a concave morphology. Finally, growth inhibition models of CA on B. cereus in skim milk and M. luteus in pork were developed using response surface methodology. The results demonstrated that 2.5 mg/ml of CA significantly inhibited the growth of B. cereus in skim milk and of M. luteus in pork. Therefore, CA can be used as a natural antimicrobial agent to prolong the shelf life of milk and pork.
Theory‐Guided Remote Cooperative Learning‐Based Preventive Dental Education as Part of the School Curriculum
Authors: Mesbahi Aida , von Bergmann HsingChi , Yen Edwin H. K. , Mostafa Nesrine , Soheilipour Shimae , Aleksejuniene Jolanta
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Oral health is fundamental to overall well‐being. As teens are at high risk for tooth decay, we require a unique approach to motivate them to maintain oral health.

METHODS

Sixty‐four adolescents (10‐13 years) were recruited from 2 schools. Oral health education was based on cooperative learning guided by the social determination theory (SDT) principles. Students' oral health knowledge and oral self‐care skills were assessed at baseline (before education), 3 weeks, and 6 months after the education.

RESULTS

Complete data were available for 51 students (follow‐up rate 79.7%). There were significant (p < 0.001) changes in the mean (SD) toothbrushing score from 10.1 (±6.3) (baseline) to 26.5 (±6.0) (follow‐up 1) and to 28.1 (±5.3) (follow‐up 2). The mean (SD) tooth brushing time significantly (p < 0.001) increased from the baseline of 84.0 (±43.5) to the first follow‐up to 107.0 (±39.8) and to 102.3 (±33.1) at the second follow‐up. The mean (SD) diet knowledge scores significantly (p < 0.001) increased from 8.2 (±2.1) at the baseline to 10.2 (±2.7) at the first follow‐up and remained the same at the second follow‐up.

CONCLUSION

Social determination theory‐guided cooperative learning was efficient in improving student oral health‐related knowledge and oral self‐care skills, and this improvement was maintained for 6 months after the discontinued education.
The Dasya baillouviana and D. cryptica complexes (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) in Bermuda with three additional new species from the archipelago
Authors: Cassidy Margaret M. , Schneider Craig W. , Saunders Gary W.
Published: August 2022

Continuing molecular studies of the red algal genus Dasya collected off the coast of Bermuda have revealed two new species in the developing D. cryptica species complex—one from each the euphotic and mesophotic zones, D. orae sp. nov. and D. bathypelagica sp. nov., respectively. Furthermore, what was known as D. baillouviana in Bermuda is shown to represent D. hibernae sp. nov., a sibling of D. pedicellata from New England and New York, USA. Despite morphological similarities to the recently described shallow subtidal species from the islands, D. cryptica, molecular sequencing and morphological comparisons demonstrated that a new set of inshore specimens represented D. orae. The larger, new deep‐water species, D. bathypelagica, was genetically compared with recent Bermuda collections of D. baillouviana and others worldwide morphologically falling under this epithet and represented a new species also grouping in the D. cryptica complex. The specimens of D. hibernae from Bermuda were shown to be genetically distinct from specimens of D. pedicellata from southern New England and New York. Molecular analyses necessitated the resurrection of D. pedicellata and uncovered undescribed species in the D. baillouviana complex in the western Atlantic. Based upon genetic evidence provided here, the generitype of Rhodoptilum nested among species in the D. baillouviana complex including the generitype. This finding required the synonymy of the genus Rhodoptilum with Dasya and allowed for the reinstatement of D. plumosa. Furthermore, Dasya collinsiana resolved in the lineage including a closely related species to the generitype of Dasysiphonia, necessitating the transfer of this Bermudian species and others worldwide from the genus Dasya to Dasysiphonia.
Application of gamma radiation in the beef texture development during accelerated aging
Authors: Rodrigues Lorena Mendes , Guimarães Angélica Sousa , de Lima Ramos Johnathan , de Almeida Torres Filho Robledo , Fontes Paulo Rogério , de Lemos Souza Ramos Alcinéia , Ramos Eduardo Mendes
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of gamma radiation (3 kGy) on the quality of post‐rigor beef (M. longissimus lumborum) aged for up to 21 days at different temperatures (1, 7, and 15°C). Irradiation reduced the mesophilic and lactic acid bacteria counts, which were higher in the non‐irradiated samples aged at 7 and 15°C. The water retention capacity was lower in the irradiated beef, resulting in higher values of exudation and cooking losses. High aging temperatures increased the exudation loss and myofibrillar proteolysis (lower fragmentation index; FI) and reduced the total and insoluble collagen contents and the beef Warner‐Bratzler square Shear Force (WBsSF). However, irradiated beef had higher FI and SF than non‐irradiated ones, increasing the time required for the beef tenderizing. Gamma irradiation (3 kGy) can be used to ensure the microbiological safety during short storage at high temperatures (up to 15°C) in order to accelerate the process of beef tenderizing.
Large scale systemic control short‐circuits pathogen transmission by interrupting the sand rat (Psammomys obesus)‐to‐sand fly (Phlebotomus papatasi) Leishmania major transmission cycle
Authors: Tsurim Ido , Wasserberg Gideon , Warburg Alon , Abbasi Ibrahim , Ben Natan Gil , Abramsky Zvika
Published: August 2022

Systemic control uses the vertebrate hosts of zoonotic pathogens as “Trojan horses,” killing blood‐feeding female vectors and short‐circuiting host‐to‐vector pathogen transmission. Previous studies focused only on the effect of systemic control on vector abundance at small spatial scales. None were conducted at a spatial scale relevant for vector control and none on the effect of systemic control on pathogen transmission rates. We tested the application of systemic control, using Fipronil‐impregnated rodent baits, in reducing Leishmania major (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae; Yakimoff & Schokhor, 1914) infection levels within the vector, Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae; Scopoli, 1786) population, at the town‐scale. We provided Fipronil‐impregnated food‐baits to all Psammomys obesus (Mammalia:Muridae; Cretzschmar, 1828), the main L. major reservoir, burrows along the southern perimeter of the town of Yeruham, Israel, and compared sand fly abundance and infection levels with a non‐treated control area. We found a significant and substantial treatment effect on L. major infection levels in the female sand fly population. Sand fly abundance was not affected. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the potential of systemic control in reducing pathogen transmission rates at a large, epidemiologically relevant, spatial scale.
Pulsed resources and the resource‐prediction strategy: a field‐test using a 36‐year study of small mammals
Authors: Dri Gabriela Franzoi , Hunter Malcolm L. , Witham Jack , Mortelliti Alessio
Published: August 2022

Pulsed resource environments are known for their marked variations in resource availability over space and time. Animals living in such environments usually increase reproduction after resources become available. Some small mammal populations, however, may use environmental cues that precede large crops of seeds (e.g. pollen, flowers, unripe seeds) to ‘predict' mast‐seeding events and reproduce in advance. In other words, these populations exhibit a resource‐prediction strategy based on future fitness prospects. Habitat selection might play a key role in the resource‐prediction strategy, but our understanding of habitat selection in pulsed resource environments is extremely limited. We used a 36‐year dataset on small mammal trapping and seed availability collected in Maine (USA) to test if American red squirrels Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, eastern chipmunks Tamias striatus, white‐footed mice Peromyscus leucopus and southern red‐backed voles Myodes gapperi select habitats based on upcoming resources and examine the consequences to individual fitness. Small mammal trapping was conducted in summer before seeds were available, thus trapping occurred when only the cues of an upcoming mast event were available. Using home‐range estimations and capture data, we performed resource selection analyses to assess if individuals select habitat to maximize future resource acquisitions. Using capture–mark–recapture models, we also estimated individual survival (a proxy for fitness). Our results do not support habitat selection as a mechanism underlying the resource‐prediction hypothesis, indicating that individuals do not select habitats based on the upcoming seed availability. Nevertheless, we found that white‐footed mice with home ranges in areas characterized by a greater quantity of white oak acorns have up to a 15% higher survival rate. Our empirical study advances the understanding of predator response to pulsed resources by not supporting a key mechanism thought to underpin the anticipatory responses that have been observed in many ecosystems worldwide.
Patellar Tendon Reconstruction Using Autologous Hamstring Tendons for the Treatment of Extensive Patellar Tendon Ossification
Authors: Liu Qian , Tang Dezhou , Zhu Weihong , Chen Yueming
Published: August 2022

Background

Extensive patellar tendon ossification is very uncommon and requires surgical intervention when ossification significantly affects knee function. While various approaches and grafts are available for reconstructing ruptured patellar tendons, there is a paucity of literature regarding the management of joint ankylosis due to severely ossified patellar tendons.

Case Presentation

This is a case involving an extensively ossified patellar tendon after patellar and tibial tuberosity fracture fixation. Reconstruction of the patellar tendon was performed using ipsilateral semitendinosus and gracilis autografts. At the latest follow‐up of 12 months, the patient achieved knee flexion up to 120° with a slight extension lag and resumed daily activities.

Conclusions

Autograft hamstring reconstruction of the patellar tendon is suitable for extensive heterotopic ossification of the patellar tendon, resulting in significant improvement in postoperative knee function. Similar patients may be referred for this reconstruction technique.
Psychosocial impact of structured transfer of adolescents with kidney transplants to adult services: An interventional national cohort study
Authors: Kocjančič Daša , Battelino Nina , Oblak Manca , Novljan Gregor
Published: August 2022

Background

Pediatric kidney transplantation entails a well‐timed transition from pediatric to adult medical care. We aimed to construct a structured transition protocol and evaluate its impact on transfer‐related psychosocial problems in Slovenian patients with kidney transplants.

Methods

Individual transition‐related perceptions of our patients and their parents were first assessed, and the gathered information was used to establish a country‐specific transition protocol. Eleven kidney transplant patients qualified for actual transfer and were considered for further analysis. Comprehension and attitude towards transfer, coping strategies, personality resilience, behavioral, and emotional problems were assessed using questionnaires and established psychological tools before and after the completed transfer. The results were compared and analyzed.

Results

Ten of the eleven eligible patients were transferred to adult services between April 2020 and January 2021. The median age at enrollment was 19.7 years (range: 18.2–22.8 years). The most frequent concerns regarding upcoming health care were worse accessibility (50%), less supportive and less committed healthcare providers (40%), and deterioration of medical condition (10.0%). After the completed protocol‐guided transfer, the patients declared to have no further concerns or worries. Before transfer, 28.9% of the patients' responses rated the amount and relevance of received information and counseling as “Adequate” or “Very adequate,” whereas, after the transfer, the proportion of positive responses increased to 48.9%. Anxiety and withdrawn depressive symptoms were the predominant emotional problems before transfer. Their prevalence decreased after the completed transfer.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that transfer‐related anxieties and concerns can be significantly reduced by applying a structured transition protocol in transplant patients.
Natural Selection's Explanatory Scope
Authors: McLoone Brian
Published: August 2022

There are ongoing debates in philosophy of biology about what falls within natural selection's explanatory scope. These include debates about whether selection can explain individual‐level traits, the extent to which selection can explain distributions of trait frequencies, and whether selection can explain the origin of novel traits. Here I'll survey these debates, suggest which views seem most plausible, and describe some useful conceptual frameworks for thinking about the issues involved.
Presence of ginsenoside re during in vitro maturation protects porcine oocytes from heat stress
Authors: Liu Shuang , Ju An‐qi , Duan Ao‐yi , Zhan Cheng‐lin , Gao Le‐peng , Ma Xin , Yang Shu‐bao
Published: August 2022

Heat stress (HS) affects the development of porcine gametes and embryos negatively, induces the decrease of reproductive ability significantly, threatens global pig production. Ginsenoside Re (GRe), is a main bioactive component of ginseng, shows very specific anti‐apoptotic, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. To investigate the alleviating effect of GRe on the in vitro maturation of porcine oocyte under the HS, the polar body extrusion rate, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH), ATP content, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were assessed. For the current study, porcine cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) randomly divided into four groups: the control, GRe, HS and HS + GRe group. The results showed that HS inhibited the cumulus cell expansion and polar body extrusion rate, the levels of GSH and MMP, the ATP content, the gene expression of Nrf2 of porcine oocytes and the parthenogenetic activation (PA) embryo development competence, but GRe treatment could partly neutralize these adverse effects. Furthermore, HS increased the ROS formation and percentage of apoptosis, the gene expression of HSP90, CASP3 and CytoC of porcine oocytes, but GRe could weaken the effect on Cyto C and BAX expression induced by HS. Taken together, these results showed that the presence of GRe during in vitro maturation protects porcine oocytes from HS. These findings lay a foundation for GRe may be used as a potential protective drug to protect porcine oocytes against HS damage.
“Students were just sticky notes on JamBoard”: A first‐year biology teacher's story of 2020–2021
Authors: Weinburgh Molly H.
Published: August 2022

For decades, a student's preparation for licensure to teach has been rather standard with increased time in field placements culminating with a semester of student teaching. During the Spring 2020, this changed for preservice students scheduled to “student teach.” Due to COVID‐19, schools closed for several weeks and re‐opened online. The current wisdom on student teaching and induction is based on research conducted within an in‐person environment. Little research exists on the experiences of these teachers. Therefore, we used an exploratory, descriptive case study design to understand the 18‐month experience of one biology teacher as he navigated student teaching and his first‐year induction. Twenty‐nine conversations were conducted (recorded, transcribed, and analyzed) between March 2020 and May 2021. In addition to telling John's story, the four themes of (a) other ways became the norm, (b) no wisdom from elders, (c) I built it but they did not come, and (d) what happened to hall, bus, club, or cafeteria duty were found. We anticipate the information from this study will help educators rethink and reconstruct science teacher preparation and induction in ways that will help in a nontraditional environment.
Detection of Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes by loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods
Authors: Müs¸tak Hamit Kaan , Ünal Gültekin , Müs¸tak I˙nci Bas¸ak
Published: August 2022

Background

Dermatophytes are infectious zoonotic fungal agents that are common in animals worldwide. A new loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method and quantitative (q)PCR can be used for identifying these agents. Both methods have high specificity and sensitivity, and are simple and quick to use.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To develop a LAMP and a rapid multiplex qPCR method for detecting Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, which are the most common fungal species isolated from cats and dogs.

Material and Methods

Both methods targeted the CHS‐1 gene. Their specificity and sensitivity were tested using 64 M. canis and 44 T. mentagrophytes field strains. The validation of the methods was performed using 250 clinical fungal‐positive hair samples.

Results

The specificity value was 100% for both methods. For LAMP, the sensitivity value was 96.9% for M. canis and 93.2% for T. mentagrophytes. For qPCR, the sensitivity values were 98.4% for M. canis and 97.7% for T. mentagrophytes. Similar specificity and sensitivity results were obtained from the validation study using 250 clinical hair samples. LAMP and multiplex qPCR took 30 and 45 min (respectively) for both targets. The limit of detection (LOD) assays for both targets were 10 and 1 spore/mL for LAMP and multiplex qPCR, respectively.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate that the LAMP and multiplex qPCR methods targeting CHS‐1 gene developed in this study can be used both for point‐of‐care testing and in the laboratory for detecting M. canis and T. mentagrophytes with high specificity and sensitivity with an internal control.
Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole after oral administration to healthy beagle dogs
Authors: Choi Yujin , Koo Yoonhoi , Yun Taesik , Chae Yeon , Lee Dohee , Jeong Jong‐Woo , Lee Kyeong‐Ryoon , Kim Hakhyun , Yang Mhan‐Pyo , Kang Byeong‐Teck
Published: August 2022

Background

Fluconazole can be effective in the treatment of superficial mycoses in dogs. However, the pharmacokinetics of fluconazole have not yet been evaluated to determine its optimal dosing regimen.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the plasma concentration of fluconazole after single and multiple administrations at two different dosages in dogs.

Methods and materials

Eight healthy beagle dogs were divided into two groups, and each group received either 5 or 10 mg/kg of fluconazole per os. The pharmacokinetics of fluconazole was determined following single and multiple administrations p.o. Single‐ and multiple‐dose treatment periods were separated by a washout period of seven days. Plasma concentrations of fluconazole were determined by established high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry system.

Results

In the 5 mg/kg group, the mean maximum concentrations (Cmax) and the area under the plasma concentrations (AUC0‐24h) were 4.84 μg/mL and 85.56 μg*h/mL, respectively, after single administration and 6.58 μg/mL and 119.52 μg*h/mL, respectively, after multiple administrations. In the 10 mg/kg group, the Cmax and AUC0‐24h were 5.67 μg/mL and 109.19 μg*h/mL, respectively, after single administration and 15.10 μg/mL and 291.51 μg*h/mL, respectively, after multiple administrations. The Cmax (p < 0.001) and AUC0‐24h (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the 5 mg/kg group than those in the 10 mg/kg group at multiple administrations.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Fluconazole accumulates in plasma and exhibits dose‐proportional pharmacokinetics after multiple doses, and was safe and well tolerated at these doses for short‐term administration.
Behavioral pain indicators for adults with an intellectual disability: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Gilliand Morgane , Perrenoud Béatrice , Lecerf Thierry , Serex Magali , Breaud Anne , Larkin Philip
Published: August 2022

Objective:

This scoping review aims to identify and map the behavioral pain indicators observed when adults with an intellectual disability experience pain.

Introduction:

Adults with an intellectual disability have more health problems than the general population. The likelihood that this population will experience pain is high, but intellectual disability can obstruct the verbal expression of pain. Adults with an intellectual disability express pain via behavioral pain indicators; however, because no behavioral pain scale exists for this population, observers may misinterpret the pain experienced by adults with an intellectual disability.

Inclusion criteria:

The review will examine literature about behavioral pain indicators for adults with any type of intellectual disability who are suffering from any type of pain in any country or care setting.

Methods:

The review will be conducted according to the JBI recommendations for scoping reviews. A preliminary search focusing on the concepts of intellectual disability and pain measurement was conducted for PubMed and CINAHL in March 2022. Once the protocol is validated, searches will also be carried out in Embase, JBI EBP Database, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, ERIC, Google Scholar, MedNar, and the websites of relevant professional associations. Titles and abstracts, and then full-text studies, will be selected independently by 2 researchers and assessed against the inclusion criteria. Relevant information will be imported into a data chart. Any behavioral pain indicators identified will be classified into 14 behavioral categories.

Review registration number:

Open Science Framework osf.io/8xckf
Dynamic Deformation Calculation of Articular Cartilage and Cells Using Resonance-Driven Laser Scanning Microscopy
Authors: Sibole Scott C. , Moo Eng Kuan , Federico Salvatore , Herzog Walter
Published: August 2022

The deformation of articular cartilage and its cells at the micro-scale during dynamic activities such as gait has high mechanoregulatory importance. Measuring the cellular geometries during such dynamics has been limited by the rate of microscopic image acquisition. The introduction of resonating mirrors for image rasterization (resonant scanning), rather than the conventional servo control (galvano scanning), has significantly improved the scanning rate by more than 100×. However, the high scanning rate comes at the cost of image quality, thereby posing challenges in image processing. Here, resonance-driven 3-D laser microscopy is used to observe the transient, micro-scale deformation of articular cartilage and its cells under osmotic challenge conditions. Custom image segmentation and deformable registration software were implemented for analysis of the resonance-scanned microscopy data. The software exhibited robust and accurate performance on the osmotic swelling measurements, as well as quantitative validation testing. The resonance-scanning protocol and developed analysis software allow for simultaneous strain calculation of both the local tissue and cells, and are thus a valuable tool for real-time probing of the cell–matrix interactions that are highly relevant in the fields of orthopedic biomechanics, cell mechanobiology, and functional tissue engineering.
Precision Silicon Exfoliation Tool Design
Authors: Ward Martin J. , Behera Dipankar , Cullinan Michael A.
Published: August 2022

The desire for thin-film silicon is motivated by the growing needs for flexible electronics, compact packaging, and advanced solar power. In previous work we have presented exfoliation as means to a cost effective way to achieve thin-film silicon and described an open loop prototype exfoliation tool that could be used to produce improved films compared to previous methods. However, controllable film thickness, film uniformity, and surface roughness were all challenges with the open loop setup. This paper describes the design, construction, and testing of an improved controlled exfoliation tool with load compensation and inline metrology for closed loop control of the exfoliation process. The exfoliation performance results are compared to those from the proof-of-concept tool and show 53% improvement in silicon uniformity and 67% improvement in average surface roughness. These improvements can be attributed to the addition of load compensation and the improvement in the precision motion of the stage, respectively.
New Left-Handed Milling Cutter and Process for Burrs-Free Machining of Precision Copper Electrode
Authors: Guo M. L. , Wei Z. C. , Gao H. , Zhang Z. H. , Jiang J.
Published: August 2022

With the increasing performance and appearance requirements of electronic products, higher standards have been put forward for the machining accuracy and quality of the precision copper electrode for product molds. The precision copper electrode is large in material plasticity and small in size. Burrs are easily generated during the cutting process, and subsequent cleaning is difficult. In this paper, according to the geometric features of the copper electrode, the distribution type and formation mechanism of burrs are deeply analyzed. The influence of cutting-edge geometry on burrs lateral dimension is investigated by simulation. Further, the new left-handed fillet milling cutter is designed that takes into account the simultaneous cutting of the end edge and the circumferential edge. Finally, based on the new milling cutter, burrs suppression machining process adapted to different geometric features is planned. Experiments show that the new cutter and process can greatly reduce the size of burrs and basically realize burrs-free machining compared with the conventional process of the ordinary right-handed milling cutter, and the service life of the new cutter is longer, which can meet the actual machining needs.
Embedded 3D Printing of PDMS-Based Microfluidic Chips for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Hua Weijian , Mitchell Kellen , Raymond Lily , Valentin Naima , Coulter Ryan , Jin Yifei
Published: August 2022

Microfluidic devices made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) have diverse biomedical applications. However, due to the poor printability of PDMS, current 3D printing techniques are rarely used to fabricate microfluidic devices. This study aims to investigate a fumed silica-PDMS suspension that can function as a matrix bath for embedded 3D printing (e-3DP) purposes, making it technically feasible to print microfluidic chips with complex embedded channels via low-cost extrusion 3D printing. The rheological properties, mechanical properties, transparency, and filament fidelity of the fumed silica-PDMS suspension have been systematically studied. It is found that the addition of fumed silica particles can effectively change PDMS from a viscous solution to a yield-stress suspension with suitable rheological properties for e-3DP. Also, the mechanical properties of the crosslinked fumed silica-PDMS are enhanced with an increased concentration of fumed silica. Although the transparency of PDMS has been lessened by mixing it with fumed silica particles, the visibility of the printed microfluidic chips is still acceptable. The filament fidelity has been studied by embedded printing filaments using a sacrificial ink in the fumed silica-PDMS suspension. Finally, two representative microfluidic chips for biomedical applications have been successfully printed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed fumed silica-PDMS suspension-enabled e-3DP method.
Validation of Feedback Reactivity Evaluation Models for Plant Dynamics Analysis Code During Unprotected Loss of Heat Sink Event in Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors
Authors: Yoshimura Kazuo , Doda Norihiro , Igawa Kennichi , Tanaka Masaaki , Yamano Hidemasa
Published: August 2022

Feedback reactivity caused by core deformation is one of the inherent safety features in a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR). To validate the evaluation models of the reactivity feedback equipped in the in-house plant dynamics analysis code, named Super-COPD, we have been conducting the benchmark analyses for the unprotected loss of heat sink (ULOHS) tests of balance of plant (BOP)-302R and BOP-301 as one of the representative issues in Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II), a pool-type experimental SFR in the United States. During the transient of the ULOHS tests, the reactor power decreased to the decay heat level due to the negative reactivity caused by the radial expansion of the core. Developing the evaluation models of the reactivity feedback is essential for predicting the plant behavior in unprotected events, such as ULOHS events, and the numerical analyses modeling the feedback reactivity were conducted. By comparing the numerical results and the experimental data, the increment temperature profiles of the core inlet and the decreasing reactor power profile calculated by Super-COPD were comparable with experimental data. The applicability of the evaluation models for the reactivity feedback was indicated during the ULOHS event. In addition, through the sensitivity analyses on the cold pool model, it was found that the modification of the plenum model of the cold pool to take into account the thermal stratification was required to improve the core inlet temperature profile.
Convective Performance of C5-Flouroketone-Based (C5-FK) and C4-Flouronitrile-Based (C4-FN) Gas Mixtures and SF6
Authors: Korbel J. , Ostrowski J. , Stoller P. , Agostini F. , Braun T. , Bujotzek M. , Richter M.
Published: August 2022

SF6 is a widely used insulating gas in the electric power industry due to its high dielectric strength. However, SF6 is classified as a greenhouse gas and has a very high global warming potential (GWP). Much research and development efforts have focused on finding alternatives to SF6 which have a lower GWP. An important requirement for an SF6 alternative is that it has similar heat transport properties to SF6, since one aspect of the design of high voltage equipment is the management of the heat dissipated from the flow of current. In the present paper, we compare the convective performances of SF6 and C5-flouroketone (C5-FK) and C4-flouronitrile (C4-FN) based gas mixtures. Mixtures of CO2, O2, and C5-FK/C4-FN have a GWP much smaller than that of SF6, a high dielectric strength, are not classified as toxic, and have good arc interruption properties. The numerical study is based on a semi-coupled computational electromagnetics (CEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses. The results of the numerical study are compared with experiments. There is a good agreement between the simulation results and the experiments. C5-FK and C4-FN based gas mixtures have good convective performance and are well-suited for application in circuit breakers. Thus, from the temperature-rise point of view, C5-FK and C4-FN based gas mixtures represent an alternative to the SF6 insulating gas traditionally used.
Impact of constant temperatures on population characteristics of Amblyseuis swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Rahimi Akram , Moradi Farshad , Sadeghi Amin , Fathipour Yaghoub , Maroufpoor Mostafa
Published: August 2022

Temperature can influence the developmental rate and reproductive potential of herbivorous insects and mites. Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot is an effective phytoseiid predator with a significant ability to repress pest populations. To better understand the effect of temperature on the performance of A. swirskii, we studied temperature-dependent population growth and reproductive potential of the predatory mite under six constant temperatures (20, 22, 25, 27, 30, and 32°C), providing 75 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16 L: 8 D h. The average fecundity was 12.85, 18.24, 22.2, 27.24, 28.6, and 52.57 eggs/female at 20–32°C, respectively. The highest gross reproductive rate (GRR= 26.08 eggs/individual), net reproductive rate (R0= 22.51 eggs/individual), and intrinsic rate of increase (r= 0.174 day−1) were recorded at 27°C. The finite rate of increase (λ) and mean generation time (T) of A. swirskii were profoundly affected by temperature and varied from 1.101 to 1.190 day−1 and 10.85 to 19.09 days, respectively. Data obtained during this study indicated that 27°C is the best temperature for rearing this predatory mite. This study improves our findings of the temperature range to optimize the mass rearing of A. swirskii as an effective predatory mite.
Wide-angle formulation of the Beilis-Tappert method
Authors: Gilbert Kenneth E.
Published: August 2022

The theory and numerical examples are given for a wide-angle formulation of the Beilis-Tappert method for wave propagation over irregular terrain. The vertical wave number k in the Beilis-Tappert method is not a physical wave number. Consequently, an essential but previously unknown element of the Beilis-Tappert method is the need to use a slope-dependent k-space vertical wave number filter. The filter selects the physical vertical wave numbers in k-space integrals. The importance of the vertical wave number filter (“k-control”) is demonstrated theoretically and numerically for propagation over a steep hill and over a shallow hill. For the steep hill, it is shown that k-control is as important as the extension to wide angles. For the shallow hill, k-control and the wide-angle extension are much less important, so that, for some applications, the original narrow-angle formulation gives acceptable accuracy.
Associations of Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time With All-Cause Mortality by Genetic Predisposition for Longevity
Authors: Posis Alexander Ivan B. , Bellettiere John , Salem Rany M. , LaMonte Michael J. , Manson JoAnn E. , Casanova Ramon , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Shadyab Aladdin H.
Published: August 2022

The goal of this study was to examine associations between accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) with mortality by a genetic risk score (GRS) for longevity. Among 5,446 women, (mean [SD]: age, 78.2 [6.6] years), 1,022 deaths were observed during 33,350 person-years of follow-up. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, higher light PA and moderate to vigorous PA were associated with lower mortality across all GRS for longevity categories (low/medium/high; all ptrend < .001). Higher ST was associated with higher mortality (ptrend across all GRS categories < .001). Interaction tests for PA and ST with the GRS were not statistically significant. Findings support the importance of higher PA and lower ST for reducing mortality risk in older women, regardless of genetic predisposition for longevity.
A Practical Approach to Negotiating Authorship and Preparing Manuscripts for Publication
Authors: Richards Kevin Andrew , Hemphill Michael A. , Flory Sara B.
Published: August 2022

The academic publishing process is fraught with challenges, inconsistencies, and the absence of clearly articulated guidelines and recommendations, particularly for doctoral students and other newcomers. Our goal is to overview key information that authors may consider and decisions they will need to make when determining authorship and preparing manuscripts for submission. Specifically, we discuss how authors can consider (a) the ongoing discussion of authorship, (b) identifying a target journal, and (c) submitting a manuscript for review. We draw influence from how processes are conducted relative to the Journal of Teaching in Physical Education in approaching our commentary as a point of reference. Nevertheless, while acknowledging differences in journal style and submission formats, many of the considerations discussed are relevant across publication outlets. Common threads across the discussion impress the importance of being intentional, proactive, and adaptive when engaging in authorship conversations and identifying target journals for submission.
Comparison of replicating and nonreplicating vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Mudrick Haley E. , Massey Shane , McGlinch Erin B. , Parrett Brian J. , Hemsath Jack R. , Barry Mary E. , Rubin Jeffrey D. , Uzendu Chisom , Hansen Michael J. , Erskine Courtney L. , Van Keulen Virginia P. , Drelich Aleksandra , Panos Joseph A. , Fida Madiha , Suh Gina A. , Peikert Tobias , Block Matthew S. , Tseng Chien-Te Kent , Olivier Gloria R. , Barry Michael A.
Published: August 2022

Most gene-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines are nonreplicating vectors. They deliver the gene or messenger RNA to the cell to express the spike protein but do not replicate to amplify antigen production. This study tested the utility of replication in a vaccine by comparing replication-defective adenovirus (RD-Ad) and replicating single-cycle adenovirus (SC-Ad) vaccines that express the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. SC-Ad produced 100 times more spike protein than RD-Ad and generated significantly higher antibodies against the spike protein than RD-Ad after single immunization of Ad-permissive hamsters. SC-Ad–generated antibodies climbed over 14 weeks after single immunization and persisted for more than 10 months. When the hamsters were challenged 10.5 months after single immunization, a single intranasal or intramuscular immunization with SC-Ad-Spike reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral loads and damage in the lungs and preserved body weight better than vaccination with RD-Ad-Spike. This demonstrates the utility of harnessing replication in vaccines to amplify protection against infectious diseases.