bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in and predictors of hydromorphone administration in US emergency departments (2007-2014)
Authors: Mazer-Amirshahi, PharmD, MD, MPH Maryann , Ladkany, MD Diana , Mullins, MA, MPH Peter M. , Motov, MD Sergey , Perrone, MD Jeanmarie , Nelson, MD Lewis S. , Pines, MD, MBA, MSCE Jesse M.
Published: April 2023

Objective: To examine recent trends in and predictors of hydromorphone administration in US emergency departments (EDs) compared with other opioids.Design: Retrospective review of data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2007 to 2014.Participants: All adult ED visits where an opioid analgesic was administered were included.Main outcome measures: Trends in and predictors of hydromorphone administration were assessed using survey-weighted logistic regression, comparing hydromorphone visits with ED visits where other opioids were administered. Results: From 2007 to 2014, in an estimated 128.9 million US ED visits where opioids were administered, hydromorphone use increased significantly from 30.2 percent in 2007 to 36.8 percent of visits in 2014 (p = 0.027). Hydromorphone accounted for a greater proportion of opioids administered by the end of the study period, compared to other opioids. Patient characteristics associated with hydromorphone were age <65 years, white race, private insurance or Medicare, and severe pain. Patients who received hydromorphone also had indicators of higher severity illness, including more laboratory testing, procedures, and higher admission rates. Common conditions where hydromorphone was administered were headache, back pain, musculoskeletal pain, and abdominal pain.Conclusion: From 2007 to 2014, hydromorphone was administered to more than one in three US ED patients who were administered opioids, and several factors predicted its use. High use was found in some conditions where opioid use is inappropriate, suggesting a need for additional initiatives to promote rational prescribing of high-potency opioids.
The impact of preinduction fentanyl dosing strategy on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Dutta, MD Amitabh , Sethi, DNB Nitin , Choudhary, MD Prabhat , Sood, MD Jayashree , Panday, MD Bhuwan Chand , Chugh, MSc Parul Takkar
Published: April 2023

Objective: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is commonly attributed to opioid analgesics; consequently, perioperative opioid dosage reduction is a common practice. However, inadequate fentanyl analgesia may have adverse implications (sympathetic activation, pain). We conducted this randomized clinical study to analyze whether preinduction fentanyl 3 μg kg−1 administered by different techniques increases incidence of PONV.Design: Randomized-control, prospective, investigator and observer blinded, two-arm, single-center comparison.Setting: Operating room, postoperative ward.Patients: Two hundred seventy patients, aged 20-60 years of either sex and belonging to ASA physical status I/II, scheduled to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia.Interventions: The patients were randomly allocated to receive preinduction fentanyl 3 μg kg−1 administered by “single-bolus,” three equally divided “intermittent boluses” or a “short-infusion” technique.Main outcome measures: The patients were evaluated for PONV profile (primary outcome); and postoperative parameters (pain, sedation, respiratory depression) (secondary outcome).Results: Two hundred fifty-seven patients completed the study and 29.1 percent (n = 75) experienced PONV. The study groups were comparable for PONV incidence (“single-bolus”: n = 23, 25.8 percent; “intermittent-boluses”: n = 27, 32.5 percent; “short-infusion”: n = 25, 29.4 percent), total frequency of PONV (“single-bolus”: n = 28, 31.5 percent; “intermittent-boluses”: n = 39, 47.0 percent; “short-infusion”: n = 36, 42.4 percent), and frequency of rescue antiemetic usage (“single-bolus”: n = 24, 30.7 percent; “intermittent-boluses”: n = 28, 35.8 percent; “short-infusion”: n = 26, 33.3 percent). Patients who received preinduction fentanyl as “intermittent-boluses” were less sedated in the postoperative period (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Controlled administration of preinduction fentanyl 3 μg kg−1 by commonly employed administration methods does not seem to impact PONV profile. Further studies are needed to establish a temporal link between preinduction fentanyl and PONV.
Computed tomography virtual oesophagography for the grading of oesophageal varices in cirrhotic liver disease patients with upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination as the gold standard: a diagnostic validation study
Authors: Kumar Ravinandan , Nandolia Khanak K. , Sharma Pankaj , Bhadoria Ajeet Singh , Chauhan Udit , Patnaik Itish , Saxena Sudhir
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Virtual endoscopy is a postprocessing method using three-dimensional computed tomography (CT), which produces views of the inner surfaces of the human body like those produced by fibreoptic endoscopy. To evaluate and categorise patients who require medical or endoscopic band ligation to prevent oesophageal variceal bleed, a less invasive, less expensive, better tolerated, and more sensitive modality is required, as well as to reduce the use of invasive procedures in the follow-up of patients who do not require endoscopic variceal band ligation.

Material and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis in association with the Department of Gastroenterology. The study was conducted over a period of 18 months from July 2020 to January 2022. The sample size was calculated as 62 patients. Patients were recruited on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria after giving informed consent. CT virtual endoscopy was performed through a dedicated protocol. Classification of variceal grading was done independently by a radiologist and endoscopist who were blinded to each other’s findings.

Results

The diagnostic performance of oesophageal varices detection by CT virtual oesophagography was good, with sensitivity: 86%, specificity: 90%, PPV: 98%, NPV: 56%, and diagnostic accuracy: 87%. There was substantial agreement between the 2 methods, and this agreement was statistically significant (Cohen’s κ = 0.616, p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions

Based on our findings, we conclude that the current study has the potential to change the way chronic liver disease is managed, as well as generate similar medical research endeavours. A multicentric study with a large number of patients is needed to improve the experience with this modality.
Sumbangsih Syekh Ismail Abdul Wahab Dalam Pengembangan Dakwah Di Kota Tanjung Balai
Authors: Abdul Kholik, Sulhan Amir Situmorang Ismail Nasution,
Published: April 2023

Syekh Ismail Abdul Wahab adalah salah seorang tokoh Islam yang sangat besar pengaruhnya di Kota Tanjung Balai dan Kabupaten Asahan pada masa-masa perjuangan kemerdekaan. Beliau termasuk tokoh yang banyak gagasannya dalam memperjuangkan kemerdekaan dan pembela tanah Air Republik Indonesia. Syekh Ismail Abdul Wahab salah seorang ulama besar di Sumatera Utara, beliau dikenal sebagai seorang ulama yang sangat berani dan teguh pendirian dalam menentang penjajahan disaat merebut kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia. Oleh karena itu pengaruh Syekh Ismail Abdul Wahab sangat besar dalam sejarah hidupnya, khususnya bagi masyarakat Tanjung Balai, bahkan sampai pada saat sekarangpun masih nampak. Salah satu diantaranya adalah nama beliau ini dibuat nama salah satu jalan di Kota Tanjung Balai. Hal itu menunjukkan bahwa Syekh Ismail Abdul Wahab tetap tercatat sebagai pahlawan yang tidak terlupakan bagi masyarakat Tanjung Balai, bahkan sampai saat sekarang bekas pengaruh dan sumbangsih beliau masih nampak di Tanjung Balai. Oleh karena melihat pengaruh beliau yang sangat besar di mata masyarakat Kota madya Tanjung Balai dan sekitarnya maka penulis merasa perlu membuat sebuah penelitian ilmia seberapa jauh kontribusi  dakwah yang dilakukan Syeikh Ismail Abdul Wahab dalam mengembangkan ajaran Islam di Kota Tanjung Balai Penulis ingin memakai pendekatan penelitian kualitatip Penelitian yang bermaksud untuk memahami fenomena tentang apa yang dialami oleh subjek penelitian, seperti perilaku, persepsi, motivasi tindakan, secara holistik, dengan cara mendeskripsikan dalam bentuk kata-katadan bahasa, pada suatu konteks khusus yang alamiah, serta dengan memanfaatkan berbagai metode alamiah menliti tentang Sejauh manakah pengaruh Syekh Ismail Abdul Wahab, dalam merintis kemerdekaan, dan sejauh mana pula pergerakan yang dibentuk beliau dalam menentang penjajah di Kota Tanjung Balai, sehingga dihati masyarakat tercatat sebagai pahlawan yang tidak terlupakan
Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Akhlak Perspektif K. H. M. Hasyim Asy’ari Dan Relevansinya Terhadap Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Marhan Hasibuan, Ahmad Sanusi Luqman Ridha Armaya Putri,
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini menyajikan nilai-nilai Pendidikan Akhlak perspektif K. H. M. Hasyim Asy’ari dalam kitab Adabul ‘Alim wal Muta’alim dan relevansinya dengan pendidikan Islam. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan cara induktif deduktif, komperatif, deskriptif dan interpretatif. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan nilai-nilai pendidikan akhlak perspektif K. H. M. Hasyim Asy’ari dalam Kitab Adab Al-Alim Wal Muta’alim sebagai berikut: akhlak yang pasti dicamkan dalam belajar, akhlak murid terhadap gurunya, akhlak murid terhadap pelajaran dan beberapa hal yang harus dijadikan pedoman bersam guru, akhlak yang harus diperhatikan oleh guru, akhlak guru ketika atau akan mengajar, akhlak guru menggunakan literature, dan beberapa alat yang digunakan dalam belajar. Dalam kitab ini dapat diklasifikasikan bagian yang terpenting, yaitu akhlak bagi seorang pelajar, serta akhlak bagi seorang pendidik. Nilai-nilai pendidikan akhlak perspektif K. H. M. Hasyim Asy’ari dalam Kitab Adab Al-Alim Wal Muta’alim sangat relevan dengan pendidikan Islam hal ini dengan meliat pendidikan saat ini yang mengalami kemerosotan mengenai akhlak, karena hanya berfokus pada kecerdasan dan intelektualnya tanpa diimbangi dengan nilai-nilai akhlak yang mulia.
Pengaruh Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok Teknik Diskusi Terhadap Kepercayaan Diri Siswa Pada Kelas X SMK Al-Washliyah 4 Medan
Authors: Nur Asyah, Ika Sandra Dewi Siti Nurbaini,
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh layanan bimbingan kelompok dengan teknik diskusi terhadap kepercayaan diri siswa kelas X SMK Al-Washliyah 4 Medan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan populasinya adalah siswa kelas X SMK Al-Washliyah 4 Medan berjumlah 30 siswa. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik random sampling yang mendapatkan sebanyak 30 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah angket kepercayaan diri. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di SMK Al-Washliyah 4 Medan menggunakan perhitungan korelasi product moment kedua veriabel layanan bimbingan kelompok teknik diskusi (X) dan kepercayaan diri (Y). dalam penelitian ini data yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa rhitung lebih besar rtabel yaitu 0,490 > 0,361 dan telah mengarah peningkatan yang lebih baik dari sebelumnya. Hal ini ketetahui dari hasil uji t yang menunjukan bahwa thitung > rtabel atau 16,304 > 2,042. Hal ini menunjukkan pemahaman siswa tentang kepercayaan diri pada siswa kelas X SMK Al-Washliyah 4 Medan.
Implementasi Metode Project Oriented Problem Based Learning (POPBL) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Fiqih Siswa Kelas VIII MTs Nurbahri Bubun Kecamatan Tanjung Pura
Authors: Muhammad Saleh, Ahmad Zaki Mila Raihan,
Published: April 2023

From the results of the research that has been done, it shows that the project oriented problem based learning method is significantly better in improving student learning outcomes. Efforts to improve student learning outcomes for class VIII MTs Swasta Nurbahri Bubun in the subjects of Jurisprudence on the material of prostration, gratitude and recitations were carried out by applying the Project oriented problem based learning learning strategy with two cycles and showed an increase in student learning outcomes. The application of learning strategies Project oriented problem based learning is carried out in Jurisprudence lessons in class VIII MTs Swasta Nurbahri Bubun by implementing according to the plans that have been made, learning activities are carried out by starting with giving pretests to students, then forming study groups by dividing the material in each group. . The next step is still in the teacher's guidance in the form of class percentage actions and group work carried out by students and ends with giving conclusions and post tests. Efforts to improve student learning outcomes for class VIII MTs Swasta Nurbahri Bubun in the subjects of Jurisprudence on the material of prostration, gratitude and recitation after the application of the Project oriented problem based learning learning method in the first cycle the average value increased to 85 with the percentage of completeness of 77% and the percentage of completeness learning has not reached 85%. And the second cycle the average value of students reached 94 (30 students) with a 100% completeness percentage with an increase in the difference from cycle I to cycle II of 41%. Thus the second cycle experienced a significant increase, so the researchers concluded that there was no need to continue again in the next cycle.
Vascular complications in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Cho Hee Jeong , Sohn Sang-Kyun
Published: April 2023

Background: Patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) now have an improved life expectancy similar to that of the general population due to the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, many patients experience mild to severe adverse events while undergoing TKI treatment. This review aimed to discuss the adverse events of TKIs, including myocardial infarction and hypertension, and comprehensively analyze strategies for minimizing vascular complications.Current Concepts: Near-fatal cardiovascular events (CVEs) are common among patients receiving nilotinib and ponatinib. However, those receiving other TKIs, such as imatinib and dasatinib, rarely experience CVEs. Among these CVEs, vascular complications, including peripheral arterial occlusion, venous occlusion, and hypertension, are exacerbated in patients with pre-existing vascular risk factors and prolonged TKI use. Therefore, it is crucial to assess predisposing factors to vascular complications and select the optimal TKI to minimize serious CVEs before initiating therapy. Additionally, patients should be closely monitored for vascular complications during nilotinib and ponatinib treatment.Discussion and Conclusion: Despite advancements in therapeutic approaches and research on CML leading to the development of target-specific TKIs aiming to minimize side effects, newer generations are not entirely devoid of adverse events. Hence, it is important for patients and physicians to be knowledgeable about these medications to effectively monitor for side effects, particularly those that are life-threatening, such as vascular toxicity. It is now more important than ever to carefully observe symptoms and perform adequate testing to identify at-risk individuals early and avoid preventable adverse events.
Changing the strategic paradigm for the treatment of adult acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Cheong June-Won , Min Yoo Hong
Published: April 2023

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a representative blood cancer, accounting for most adult leukemia cases in Korea. Until recently, intensive chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were the only curative treatment options for AML. However, the recent introduction of new drugs is bringing about changes in the strategic paradigm for the treatment of AML.Current Concepts: Along with the clinical eligibility for receiving intensive treatment and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the most critical determinants in treating AML are precise classification and risk stratification based on cytogenetic and molecular information. The recently revised World Health Organization classification, newly proposed International Consensus Classification, and the latest version of the European LeukemiaNet risk stratification reflect the importance of cytogenetic and molecular information. Although there have been no significant changes for a long time in the landscape of AML, especially in the field of treatment, the treatment paradigm has started to evolve with the introduction of new drugs. This evolution is led by FLT3 inhibitors, Bcl-2 inhibitors, isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors, target agents against CD33 antigens, and liposomal formulations of chemotherapeutics.Discussion and Conclusion: Successful initial treatment to induce complete remission followed by post-remission treatment to remove residual disease can lead to the achievement of long-term survival and cure goals in AML. We hope that new drugs will markedly improve the treatment outcomes for patients with AML.
Recent advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors: Jung Sung-Hoon
Published: April 2023

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell neoplasm characterized by anemia, renal failure, hypercalcemia, and osteolytic bone lesions. Although it is a complex and challenging disease, recent advances in treatment options have improved outcomes for patients with MM. In this review, we will discuss the recent treatment strategies for MM and introduce emerging agents.Current Concepts: One breakthrough in the field of MM has been the development of proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and monoclonal antibodies. These agents have been shown to markedly improve survival in patients with MM. Furthermore, high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation remains important in the treatment of transplant-eligible patients. More recently, new immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy or bispecific monoclonal antibodies and agents with new mechanisms of action, have shown promise in the treatment of MM, particularly in patients with relapsed or refractory MM. The recent advancements in MM treatment have greatly improved patient outcomes and offer hope for a cure.Discussion and Conclusion: MM remains an incurable blood cancer owing to repeated relapses. However, the development of CAR T-cell therapies and double-antibody therapies has resulted in remarkable effects in recent clinical trials. Furthermore, combination therapies based on these agents have emerged, and the effectiveness of these agents and combination therapies in the early stages of the disease is being assessed in various clinical trials. Therefore, a cure for MM may soon be possible if the results of these clinical trials are reported and adopted into practice.
Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of sleep disorders in adolescents
Authors: Jeon Hong Jun
Published: April 2023

Background: Sleep is vital for adolescents’ physical and emotional development; however, sleep disturbances and disorders frequently occur in this age group and affect their health and well-being. In this review, we investigated the prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, clinical characteristics, and treatment of sleep disorders observed among adolescents.Current Concepts: The diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder among adolescents include difficulties in falling asleep, maintaining sleep, or waking up too early and feeling unrefreshed, which are observed at least 3 days per week over 3 or more months. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia typically includes identifying and addressing negative thoughts and behaviors associated with sleep and establishing a consistent sleep-wake schedule. Delayed sleep phase syndrome is diagnosed in individuals in whom sleep onset and wake times are persistently delayed by 2 or more hours beyond the desired or existing sleep schedule, which leads to excessive daytime sleepiness or impaired functioning. Behavioral interventions comprise sleep hygiene education, relaxation techniques, and phototherapy. Symptoms such as pronounced snoring, apnea observed by others, and gasping or pauses in breathing during sleep may indicate sleep apnea. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy is an effective treatment strategy for sleep apnea. A history of excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy suggests narcolepsy, and treatment options include pharmacotherapy, behavior modification, and lifestyle adjustments. Restless leg syndrome treatments include behavioral therapy, as well as anticonvulsant and dopamine receptor agonist administration.Discussion and Conclusion: Addressing sleep disorders is important to promote optimal health and well-being of adolescents and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Early detection, accurate diagnosis, and individualized treatment improve sleep and overall health outcomes and promote academic and social success.
Use of antiseizure medications after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Kim Tae-Woo
Published: April 2023

Background: Post-traumatic seizures and epilepsy are major complications that increase the mortality rate among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hinder functional recovery. It is important to establish prophylaxis and treatment strategies for high-risk patients. The use of antiseizure medications may not only adversely affect the cognitive function following TBI but also may be associated with a worse rehabilitation outcome.Current Concepts: The level of evidence in the current international guidelines related to the prophylaxis and management of post-traumatic seizure is not robust. Furthermore, the use of antiseizure medications after TBI remains unclear, indicating substantial variations in clinical practice.Discussion and Conclusion: Prophylactic antiseizure medications can reduce the risk of early seizures and partially prevent the secondary injury process of TBI; however, they do not seem to inhibit epileptogenesis. Therefore, if the benefits of preventing early seizures outweigh the potential risks associated with antiseizure medication, it is recommended to use them for a short period of about one week after the injury. Then, it is not recommended to continue using them routinely without considering the individual risk of seizure recurrence and potential adverse effects of long-term use. The treatment duration of anticonvulsant in patients with post-traumatic epilepsy should also be determined based on the individual risk of seizure recurrence, and the decision should take into account the opinions of both the patient and the caregiver, while considering not only the potential benefits but also the risks associated with long-term use.
OS EFEITOS DAS POLÍTICAS MONETÁRIAS SOBRE OS INVESTIMENTOS CORPORATIVOS
Authors: Campos Octávio Valente , Moura Lamounier Wagner , Morais de Souza Rafael
Published: April 2023

Por meio do arcabouço teórico de dois campos distintos da economia, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a influência que as políticas monetárias exercem sobre as decisões de investimento das corporações brasileiras. A amostra é composta por 220 empresas: 84 de bens de consumo, 89 de bens de capital e 47 de utilidade pública. Os dados contábeis e monetários coletados referem-se aos anos de 2009 a 2019. A metodologia empregada se dá por meio dos modelos de dados em painel, pela abordagem GMM (Generalized Method of Moments). Como resultados, observou-se que os investimentos produtivos das firmas podem ser determinados pelas políticas monetárias, tanto em termos agregados quanto em análises setoriais. Observou-se também que tal influência é distinta a depender do setor ao qual as empresas se situam na cadeia produtiva. Para a amostra estudada, as firmas de bens de consumo foram mais influenciadas pelas políticas monetárias do que as firmas de bens de capital. Estes resultados complementam a literatura que estuda os impactos das políticas monetárias e de variáveis macroeconômicas sobre as finanças corporativas, principalmente por meio de modelagem econométrica estruturada em dados contábeis.
Conceitos e princípios geográficos: elementos teórico-metodológicos para o Ensino de Geografia na Educação Básica
Authors: Luz Neto Daniel Rodrigues Silva
Published: April 2023

O objetivo do trabalho é discutir elementos teórico-metodológicos para o desenvolvimento e a mobilização do pensamento geográfico dos estudantes na Educação Básica. Para tanto, apropria-se da abordagem qualitativa como direcionamento de coleta, análise e discussão dos resultados da pesquisa. Para coleta de dados foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica sobre pensamento geográfico, conceitos e princípios lógicos.  Utilizou-se como procedimento de análise de dados, a técnica de análise de conteúdo na identificação de elementos indicadores em palavras ou frases nas argumentações dos teóricos oriundos da coleta de dados. A pesquisa está articulada em três eixos centrais: pensamento geográfico na Educação Básica, conceitos e princípios geográficos. Os resultados evidenciaram que os conceitos e princípios geográficos são elementos constituintes do pensamento geográfico a ser desenvolvido e mobilizado pelos estudantes na Educação Básica. Portanto, tais conceitos e princípios lógicos são indicados como orientadores para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem em Geografia na Educação Básica.
Conservação de solos para Educação Básica a partir da construção de materiais didáticos
Authors: Cunha Márcia Cristina da , Hösel Amanda Da Silva , Morais Lavínia Souza Ferreira
Published: April 2023

Estudos na área de Geografia revelam que novas metodologias de ensino exercem papel significativo na aprendizagem, tanto de alunos (as) quanto de professores. O solo é um corpo natural, constituído por partes sólidas, líquidas e gasosas, formado de material orgânico e mineral e apesar de sua importância, o tema nem sempre é considerado relevante para a educação básica de ensino, sendo, muitas vezes, apresentado de forma superficial. Dado o exposto, este trabalho teve como objetivo promover a reflexão sobre a importância do estudo de solos na educação básica de ensino, especialmente na região do Cerrado, em que o solo sofre degradação em função de diversas atividades, principalmente agrícolas. Assim, a metodologia aplicada partiu da empiria para a construção formal do conhecimento significativo, que consistiu na coleta de solos em campo e, posterior, transformação do material em recurso didático, trabalhado por meio de visitas monitoradas no Laboratório de Pedologia e Erosão de Solos-LPES, da Universidade Federal de Jataí-UFJ, assim como, aplicabilidade do material junto aos professores e alunos (as) nos colégios de Jataí-GO e Perolândia-GO. Como resultado, constatou-se que a articulação concreta entre o solo e a conservação do meio ambiente fornece subsídios para conservação do solo com a produção de material didático e métodos de abordagem diferenciados. Portanto, por meio dessa atividade foi possível contextualizar empiricamente a conservação dos solos e concluir que metodologias diferenciadas são ferramentas importantes no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, na educação básica de ensino, na disciplina de Geografia.
Constrained Community Detection in Social Networks
Authors: Viles Weston D. , O’Malley A. James
Published: April 2023

Community detection in networks is the process by which unusually well-connected sub-networks are identified–a central component of many applied network analyses. The paradigm of modularity quality function optimization stipulates a partition of the network’s vertexes that maximizes the difference between the fraction of edges within communities and the corresponding expected fraction if edges were randomly allocated among all vertex pairs while conserving the degree distribution. The modularity quality function incorporates exclusively the network’s topology and has been extensively studied whereas the integration of constraints or external information on community composition has largely remained unexplored. We define a greedy, recursive-backtracking search procedure to identify the constitution of high-quality network communities that satisfy the global constraint that each community be comprised of at least one vertex among a set of so-called special vertexes and apply our methodology to identifying health care communities (HCCs) within a network of hospitals such that each HCC consists of at least one hospital wherein at least a minimum number of cardiac defibrillator surgeries were performed. This restriction permits meaningful comparisons in cardiac care among the resulting health care communities by standardizing the distribution of cardiac care across the hospital network.
Gereja dan Misi Menurut Perspektif Lesslie Newbigin dan Johan Herman Bavinck
Authors: Harianja Doni Herwanto
Published: April 2023

Artikel ini bermaksud untuk menjelaskan bagaimana pemahaman mengenai “hakikat gereja yang adalah misi” berpengaruh pada aktivitas gereja dan kelangsungan kehidupan gereja di dunia. Tujuan ini dicapai dengan menggunakan dan menganalisis pemikiran Lesslie Newbigin dan Johan Herman Bavinck. Penulis akan memaparkan, menganalisis, dan kemudian membandingkan pemikiran Newbigin dan Bavinck sehubungan dengan gereja dan misi dengan menggunakan metode kerja deskriptif-komparatif. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas dan kelangsungan kehidupan gereja berkaitan erat dengan identitas gereja.
Crecimiento económico y social de la ciudad de Babahoyo. Influjo de las Pymes
Authors: Vargas Santillán María Antonieta
Published: April 2023

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal evaluar el crecimiento económico y social de la Ciudad de Babahoyo. Para la cual se realizó una exhaustiva revisión de la literatura existente a partir de lo cual, se pretenden establecer aquellas habilidades empresariales que son propias de los directivos y su aplicación en las Pymes, de tal manera que posibiliten dinamizar fortalecer y hacer crecer sus unidades de negocios. Es bien sabido que una de las principales fuentes que generan recursos económicos y empleo en una ciudad es precisamente la pequeña y mediana empresa, de allí surge la necesidad de identificar y evaluar las habilidades empresariales que poseen en la actualidad, los directivos o dueños de las Pymes. Para la materialización de la investigación, los investigadores se basaron en la revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema en cuestión, donde se analizó el criterio de diversas teorías y autores que las fundamentan.
Diagnóstico e interpretación radiográfica del quiste de erupción en lactantes. Una revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Dueñas Solórzano María Belén
Published: April 2023

El período que comprende los primeros mil días de vida de un lactante es considerado de vital importancia para el desarrollo de órganos y tejidos, por tal motivo se deben realizar controles periódicos para descartar o confirmar posibles patologías a tiempo. Una de las patologías más recurrentes en la cavidad de los lactantes es el quiste de erupción que se conforma de tejido blando y de color violáceo-azulado que resulta de una separación del folículo dental de la corona de un diente en erupción cuyo diagnóstico podría ser confundido con otras patologías. Su pigmento depende de la cantidad de sangre en el quiste cuando la corona dental no consigue romper la mucosa gingival. El objetivo se centra en analizar las características del quiste de erupción en lactantes por medio de exámenes histológicos e interpretaciones radiográficas, a través de una revisión de literatura entre los años 2014-2022. Como resultado se obtuvo que el tratamiento de preferencia para el quiste de erupción debe ser determinado para cada caso con un diagnóstico adecuado tanto en sus hallazgos clínicos como radiográficos y debe manejarse correctamente para disminuir las complicaciones del diente en desarrollo y la salud del infante.
Aplicación de un recubrimiento comestible a base de mucílago de nopal para la conservación de guayaba
Authors: Fernández Paredes Manuel Enrique , Arias Palma Gabriela Beatriz , Taco Sánchez María Eulalia
Published: April 2023

Los consumidores orientan su interés hacia productos naturales, sanos, nutritivos, saludables. Esto ha motivado al desarrollo investigaciones y recubrimientos comestibles aplicados a productos hortofrutícolas, como una alternativa para cubrir estas necesidades. La finalidad de esta investigación es demostrar que la utilización de recubrimientos comestibles ayuda a la conservación y calidad de la guayaba. Para cumplir con el objetivo planteado se evaluaron seis tratamientos con un control, tres formulaciones de mucílago de nopal más aceite esencial de tomillo (100% mucílago, 99.5% mucílago + 0.5% aceite esencial, 99% de mucílago + 1 % de aceite esencial), a dos tiempos de inmersión (60 y 30 S). Las variables consideradas fueron acidez titulable, pH, sólidos solubles, pérdida de peso, y la determinación de la presencia de microorganismos. El mejor tratamiento fue a2b1 (99% mucílago + 1% aceite esencial de tomillo), debido a que conservó la mayor cantidad de propiedades del fruto durante el experimento. La variable respuesta considerada de gran significancia es el peso, que se registró diariamente durante 10 días, en este parámetro físico el mejor tratamiento fue a2b1 (99.5% de mucílago + 1 % de aceite esencial de tomillo) por 30 segundos.
Examining the vertical heterogeneity of aerosols over the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Wang Yang , Bagya Ramesh Chanakya , Giangrande Scott , Fast Jerome , Gong Xianda , Zhang Jiaoshi , Matthews Alyssa , Mei Fan , Tolga Odabasi Ahmet , Shilling John , Tomlinson Jason , Wang Die , Wang Jian
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols affect the global energy budget by scattering and absorbing sunlight (direct effects) and by changing the microphysical structure, lifetime, and coverage of clouds (indirect effects). Both aerosol direct and indirect effects are affected by the vertical distribution of aerosols in the atmosphere, which is further influenced by a range of processes, such as aerosol dynamics, long-range transport, and entrainment. However, many observations of these processes are based on ground measurements, limiting our ability to understand the vertical distribution of aerosols and simulate their impact on clouds and climate. In this work, we examined the vertical heterogeneity of aerosols over the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) using data collected from the Holistic Interactions of Shallow Clouds, Aerosols and Land Ecosystems (HI-SCALE) campaign. The vertical profiles of meteorological and aerosol physiochemical properties up to 2500 m above the ground are examined based on the 38 flights conducted during the HI-SCALE campaign. The aerosol properties over the SGP show strong vertical heterogeneity and seasonal variabilities. The aerosol concentrations at the surface are the highest due to strong sources of emission at ground level. The mode diameter of these aerosols during summer (~ 100 nm) is larger than that during spring (~ 30 nm), potentially as a result of enhanced condensational growth due to enriched volatile organic compounds in summer. The concentration of aerosols below 30 nm in the boundary layer (BL) (e.g., below 1000 m) during spring is higher than that during summer, a result of the stronger new particle formation (NPF) events and a reduced condensation sink in spring. In the BL, the size of the aerosols gradually increases with altitude due to condensational growth and cloud processing. However, the composition of the aerosols remained similar, with organics and sulfates representing 59.8 ± 2.2 % and 22.7 ± 2.1 % of the total mass in the BL. Through the vertical profiles of aerosol properties, we noticed a considerable number of NPF events (7 out of 38) in the upper BL, where the newly formed particles continue to grow as they are mixed down to the surface. There is also an indication that deep convection brings aerosols from the free troposphere (FT) to the surface, where they grow to contribute to the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Overall, the vertical heterogeneity of aerosols over the SGP is influenced by aerosol dynamics (new particle formation, growth, and cloud processing) and transport processes (long-range transport, entrainment, and convective downward transport). Case studies showing the influence of these factors are discussed.
Quality-controlled meteorological datasets from SIGMA automatic weather stations in northwest Greenland, 2012–2020
Authors: Nishimura Motoshi , Aoki Teruo , Niwano Masashi , Matoba Sumito , Tanikawa Tomonori , Yamasaki Tetsuhide , Yamaguchi Satoru , Fujita Koji
Published: April 2023

Abstract. In situ meteorological data are essential to better understand ongoing environmental changes in the Arctic. Here, we present a dataset of quality-controlled meteorological observations by two automatic weather stations in northwest Greenland from July 2012 to the end of August 2020. The stations were installed in an accumulation area on the Greenland Ice Sheet (SIGMA-A site, 1490 m a.s.l.) and near the equilibrium line of the Qaanaaq Ice Cap (SIGMA-B site, 944 m a.s.l.). We describe the two-step sequence of quality-control procedures that we used to create increasingly reliable datasets by masking erroneous data records. We analyzed the resulting 2012–2020 time series of air temperature, positive degree-days, snow height, surface albedo, and histograms of longwave radiation (a proxy of cloud formation frequency). We found that snow height increased and albedo remained steady at the SIGMA-A site, whereas high air temperatures and clear-sky conditions prevailed while snow height and albedo decreased in the summers of 2015, 2019, and 2020 at the SIGMA-B site. Therefore, it appears that these weather conditions led to notable snow height degradation at the SIGMA-B site but not at the SIGMA-A site. We anticipate that this quality-control method and these datasets will aid in climate studies of northwest Greenland as well as contribute to the advancement of broader polar climate studies.
Comparison of ozone formation attribution techniques in the northeastern United States
Authors: Shu Qian , Napelenok Sergey L. , Hutzell William T. , Baker Kirk R. , Henderson Barron H. , Murphy Benjamin N. , Hogrefe Christian
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The Integrated Source Apportionment Method (ISAM) has been revised in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. This work updates ISAM to
maximize its flexibility, particularly for ozone (O3) modeling, by providing multiple attribution options, including products inheriting
attribution fully from nitrogen oxide reactants, fully from volatile organic compound (VOC) reactants, equally from all reactants, or dynamically from
NOx or VOC reactants based on the indicator gross production ratio of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to nitric acid
(HNO3). The updated ISAM has been incorporated into the most recent publicly accessible versions of CMAQ (v5.3.2 and beyond). This study's
primary objective is to document these ISAM updates and demonstrate their impacts on source apportionment results for O3 and its
precursors. Additionally, the ISAM results are compared with the Ozone Source Apportionment Technology (OSAT) in the Comprehensive Air-quality Model
with Extensions (CAMx) and the brute-force method (BF). All comparisons are performed for a 4 km horizontal grid resolution application over
the northeastern US for a selected 2 d summer case study (9 and 10 August 2018). General similarities among ISAM, OSAT, and BF results add
credibility to the new ISAM algorithms. However, some discrepancies in magnitude or relative proportions among tracked sources illustrate the
distinct features of each approach, while others may be related to differences in model formulation of chemical and physical processes. Despite these
differences, OSAT and ISAM still provide useful apportionment data by identifying the geographical and temporal contributions of O3 and
its precursors. Both OSAT and ISAM attribute the majority of O3 and NOx contributions to boundary, mobile, and biogenic
sources, whereas the top three contributors to VOCs are found to be biogenic, boundary, and area sources.
Evaluation of Readability and Content of Patient Information Texts on Turkish Websites about Pediatric Dentistry Under Sedation
Authors: ŞAHİN Tuğçe Nur , ÖZMEN Elif Esra
Published: April 2023

Aim: Disability status, fear, and anxiety can pose an obstacle to the planned dental treatment in children. In such cases, the delivery of dental treatment with sedation is a very common treatment method and more comfortable for both pediatric patients and physicians. This study aims to evaluate the readability and content of patient information texts on websites related to the delivery of dental treatments with sedation in pediatric patients.

Material and Methods: The first 60 Turkish websites were scanned in Google (Google LLC, MountainView, California, USA) search using the keywords “pediatric dental treatment with sedation”. The patient information texts in 31 websites meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated according to the Ateşman Readability Index (ARI) and their contents were also examined in terms of whether or not providing sufficient information about the procedure.

Results: The texts examined in the study were moderately difficult (52.9±9.4) according to the ARI and at Grade 11-12 level, most of the websites examined were owned by private clinics (64.5%) and the texts were prepared by pedodontists. The content of information on the examined websites could be deemed sufficient in terms of definition of sedation (100%), the indications (100%) and the benefits (83.8%); however, the complications (29.1%), possible procedure-related complications (16.2%), its difference from general anesthesia (54.8%) and the cost (29.1%) were not addressed sufficiently.

Conclusion: The results of the study suggested that the relevant patient information texts on Turkish websites need to be organized in a more understandable manner. For this purpose, readability tests may be used before publishing the text. The reason why most of the texts did not mention contraindications, complications, and cost of sedation may be intending not to create fear or prejudice about the procedure among readers. However, when preparing an information text on an interventional medical procedure, it is legally and ethically required to inform the reader about that procedure fully and clearly.
Design and development of data-driven real-time process control for melt electrowriting
Authors:   , Mieszczanek Pawel
Published: April 2023

This thesis presents the development of an AI-driven closed-loop control system for additive manufacturing technology, Melt Electrowriting (MEW). The project focused on an investigation of key system parameters using machine vision, design and development of a state-of-the-art MEW 3D printer with real-time process monitoring functionality, and AI-driven modeling and control for autonomous printing error correction in real-time. The technology aims to improve the reproducibility and reduce complexity of the process which will encourage the widespread use of MEW in industry and academia.
De la hegemonía a la comuna: filosofía política del poder popular
Authors: Jiménez Lemon Atenea , Agudo Talancón Mikel , Young Kevin A.
Published: April 2023

En el presente artículo se esbozan algunos de los hitos más representativos de la historia del concepto de hegemonía y su relación con la comuna. Surgida al calor del paradigma de la lucha de clases, la concepción moderna de la hegemonía ha dado lugar, entre otras cosas, a una teoría general del poder, que excede el concepto de soberanía (vinculado a la tradición jurídico-política de Occidente) y de la cual el legado de Gramsci constituye un periodo bisagra. La filosofía política puede y debe aportar ahí su particular punto de vista respecto de las relaciones de fuerza y el poder en general, pues no otra cosa revela la lógica de la lucha por la hegemonía: que el espacio de la reflexión y el estudio científico-políticos se complejiza y amplía desde el orden de la fundamentación hasta el orden de los fenómenos, la contingencia y el conflicto. Desde esta perspectiva, cabe preguntarse si la democracia comunal puede ir más allá del Estado como forma política o sobrevivir a él; si la hegemonía es susceptible de adoptar el epíteto de “popular” sin menoscabo alguno por su parte; y si es este aún el punto de anclaje fundamental de los discursos y las prácticas revolucionarias. La cuestión de la hegemonía se enmarca así en la historia del movimiento obrero y en la tradición de lucha y resistencia de las desposeídas, pero muchas veces, incluso dentro de la izquierda, ha tomado formas autoritarias. Su horizonte no puede ser otro que el de la emancipación de clase, por lo que la democracia directa y el autogobierno de las masas son el requisito básico e imprescindible de toda aquella hegemonía que se presuma popular. De ahí que la de la hegemonía suponga, en última instancia, un desafío —teórico y práctico a partes iguales— para la emergencia y construcción de la comuna.
АНАЛИЗ ТРАНСПОРТНО-СКЛАДСКИХ МОЩНОСТЕЙ НА ТРАНСКАСПИЙСКОМ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОМ МАРШРУТЕ
Authors: Кегенбеков Жандос , Жуманов Азат
Published: April 2023

Сегодня многие эксперты считаю, что Транскаспийский международный транспортный коридор поможет Азербайджану и Казахстану выйти на новые рынки сбыта и стать важными точками транзита товаров между Западом и Востоком. Увеличение торговли может стимулировать экономическое развитие посредством развития бизнеса, создания рабочих мест, и улучшения качества жизни. Однако масштабы воздействия варьируются в зависимости от страны, транспортного коридора, типа инфраструктуры. Статья содержит результаты исследования транспортно-складских мощностей на Транскаспийском железнодорожном маршруте. Основной акцент сделан на анализ транспортно-складских мощностей по территории Казахстана. В статье рассматривается основные проблемы и барьеры на пути развития инфраструктуры и транспорта в регионе. В рамках исследования проводилась интервью с представителями государственных и частных организации, с помощью которых авторы выявляли основные проблемы и трудности.  Надеемся, что результаты исследования будет способствовать лучшему пониманию важности трансграничной инфраструктуры для эффективного транспорта, что приведет к расширению торговли и экономическому развитию региона в целом.
АНАЛИЗ ПАРАЛЛЕЛЬНЫХ МАНИПУЛЯТОРОВ С ИСКУССТВЕННЫМ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТОМ
Authors: Рахметова Перизат , Базарбек Асыл-Дастан
Published: April 2023

На данный момент отрасль промышленных роботов охватывает большую часть в области технологий и наиболее успешно применяется в машинной обработке, в моделирование движения, в захвате и перемещении объектов исследования. В свою очередь к распространенным промышленным роботам относятся в основном последовательные роботы, параллельные роботы и последовательно-параллельные гибридные роботы. В данной статье проводится анализ параллельных роботов манипуляторов с элементами искусственного интеллекта по существующим исследованиям ученых. Приводится сравнительный анализ параллельных роботов-манипуляторов с разными конфигурациями.