bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Galactic Radiation at Radio Frequencies. I. 100 MC/S. Survey
Authors: Bolton JG , Westfold KC
Published: September 2010

This paper contains an account of a survey
of galactic radiation at a frequency of 100 Mc/s. An aerial array with a 17�
beamwidth, on an equatorial mounting, was used to plot the distribution of
intensity over the section of the celestial sphere between Declination +30� and
-90�. The method of eliminating the effect of the aerial polar diagram from the
observations is described and the final distribution, expressed in terms of
equivalent black-body temperature, is presented in galactic coordinates on a
series of equal-area charts. I.
Conjugated Compounds. II. Simple Potential Energy Functions, Absorption Spectra, and Ionization in Linear Polyenes
Authors: Bayliss NS
Published: September 2010

The π-electrons of a linear conjugated
system are considered in terms of two simple models for the potential energy,
(A) a rectangular well and (B) a " cosine-squared " well. In each
case it is possible to account quantitatively for the positions of long
wavelength absorption bands, their intensities, and the ionization energies in
ethylene, butadiene, hexatriene, and octatetraene with the use of two
parameters, the breadth and depth of the well. By comparing the models with
actual periodic potential energies calculated along the long axes of polyene
molecules, it is shown that an effective nuclear charge of carbon of Z?≈1
is appropriate for the models under consideration. The assumptions involved in
the application of simple one-dimensional potential energy functions to linear
conjugated systems are considered in detail.
A synthesis of isopelletierine and methylisopelletierine
Authors: Anet EFLJ , Hughes GK , Ritchie E
Published: September 2010

The syntheses of
isopelletierine and methylisopelletierine from 5-aminopentanal and 5-methylaminopentanal
respectively, are described.
Geometrical Optics of Concave Mirrors and of Combinations of Mirrors
Authors: Shearer J
Published: September 2010

A study of the geometrical optics of a concave
spherical mirror is made over the range of incidence from normal to grazing.

An examination is made of methods of
correcting for astigmatism at oblique incidence by the use of " crossed
" mirrors (spherical and cylindrical), of " parallel "
cylindrical mirrors, and of a single mirror with different radii of curvature
in planes at right angles. Such a single mirror combines in one piece image
formation and beam deviation.
The Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of the Acridone Alkaloids. I. Compounds containing the Acridone Nucleus
Authors: Brown RD , Lahey FN
Published: September 2010

The ultraviolet spectra of the acridone
alkaloids and some derivatives have been studied. The various bands in the
spectra of these compounds are interpreted by starting with theoretical
treatments of the spectrum of anthracene and tracing spectral changes through
acridine and phenazine to acridone. An interesting relation between the π-electron
density of a given position in the acridone ring and the shift in wavelength of
absorption bands due to an alkoxyl derivative is noted and the spectra of the
alkaloids are shown to comply with this relationship. Compounds containing a
4-hydroxy-10-methylacridone structure are found to have unusual spectra and a
possible explanation of this is proposed.
Studies of the Wallach Transformation. II. Steric Effects in Some Symmetrically Disubstituted Azoxybenzenes
Authors: Gore PH , Hughes GK
Published: September 2010

Study of the behaviour of symmetrical
azoxy compounds in the Wallach Transformation shows the important influence of
size of a substituent group ortho to the point of entry of the hydroxyl group.�The
various processes known to occur in a solution of azoxybenzene in sulphuric
acid are discussed.
A Study of the Annual Soil Temperature Wave
Authors: West ES
Published: September 2010

Soil temperatures recorded at Griffith
over an 8 year period at a depth ranging from 1 in. to 8 ft. have been examined
and compared with air temperatures.

The observed fluctuations m the soil
temperatures fit closely the theoretical equation for the propagation of a simple
harmonic temperature wave into the so11.

The diffusivity of the sol1 has been
deduced and compared with values found by other workers in other localities.

The annual wave of the daily mean
temperature at the surface of the soil has been deduced and compared with the
annual wave of the dally mean air temperature and the differences in the means,
amplitudes, and phase displacements have been discussed.
Electrokinetic properties of Cassiterite
Authors: O'Connor DJ , Buchanan AS
Published: September 2010

Simultaneous ζ-potential and surface
conductivity measurements have been made on three samples of cassiterite (SnO2)
in water, in solutions of HCl, alkalis, inorganic salts, and the flotation
collector reagent sodium cetyl sulphate. It is probable that the intrinsic
surface charge of cassiterite in water is negative and that it is due to
surface ionization as a very weak acid. Two of the solids possessed a negative
surface whilst the positive charge of the third seemed to be due to ionization
of a strongly basic impurity. Those samples having a negative charge showed
little reaction with sodium cetyl sulphate alone, but appreciable adsorption of
cetyl sulphate ion took place in acid solution. On the other hand, the sample
with the positive surface reacted with cetyl sulphate ion even in the absence
of acid. In all cases adsorption of cetyl sulphate was completely reversible.
The behaviour of fluids of Quasi-Spherical molecules. II. High density gases and liquids
Authors: Hamann SD , Lambert JA
Published: September 2010

Lennard-Jones and Devonshire's (1937) cell method has been used to compute
some properties of dense fluids composed of effectively spherical molecules interacting
according to the potential
U( R ) = A/R28 - B/R7

The results are quite different from those for the more usual (12,6) potential and they explain the failure of such substances as CI4, SF6, . . . , to obey the same law of corresponding states as the inert gases. In particular the different entropies of evaporation (Trouton constants) of the two classes of materials are given correctly by the
theory.
Liquid-Vapour equilibria. IV. The system ethanol + benzene at 45°C
Authors: Brown I , Smith F
Published: September 2010

New liquid-vapour equilibrium data are
given for the system ethanol + benzene at 45.00 �C. These data are used to
calculate the excess free energy of mixing for this system.
Alternating current polarography of organic compounds
Authors: Breyer B , Bauer HH
Published: September 2010

The alternating current polarography of
quinone and hydroquinone has been investigated. The calibration curves follow
an equation of the type of the Langmuir isotherm. The method can be used for
quantitative analysis, the accuracy being greatest at low temperatures and in a
concentration rang between 10-5 and 10-4M.
Barbaloin. I. Some observations on its structure
Authors: Birch AJ , Donovan FW
Published: September 2010

The reactions of barbaloin are shown to be
consistent with the formula C21H24O9. It is
suggested on the basis of absorption spectra and published data that the
molecule contains an aloe-emodinanthrone ring system which cannot enolize to
form the anthranol.
Studies in relation to Biosynthesis. VIII. Tasmanone, Dehydroangustione, and Calythrone
Authors: Birch AJ , Elliott P
Published: September 2010

Tasmanone from the oil of Eucalyptus
risdoni Hook. gives a crystalline copper salt and imine and by acid hydrolysis
produces 1,1,3-trimethylphloroglucinol. Its probable constitution is discussed.

Evidence is presented for assigning to
dehydroangustione the formula III and to calythrone the formula IX. The
biogenetic relations of these substances are discussed.
Methylsteroids. I. Some observations on 3-methyl-substituted steroids derived from cholesterol
Authors: Barnes CS , Palmer A
Published: September 2010

Configurations are assigned to the epimeric
3-methylcholestan-3-ols, and their dehydration product (Farmer and Kon 1937) is
shown to be 3-methylcholest-2-ene.
C14 Intramolecular isotope effects of Malonic and Bromomalonic acids
Authors: Grigg ECM
Published: September 2010

The C14-intramolecular isotope
effects for the decarboxylations of malonic and bromomalonic acids have been
determined at the m.p.'s of the acids. In addition, the C14-intramolecular
isotope effect for malonic acid in quinoline solution has been measured between
85 and 135 �C.
Chemistry of non-enzymic browning. II. Some Crystalline Amino Acid-Deoxy-sugars
Authors: Anet EFLJ
Published: September 2010

From the reactions of glycine with
glucose, fructose, and xylose, 1-deoxy-1-glycino-D-fructose, 2-deoxy-2-glycino-α-D-glucose,
and 1-deoxy-1-glycino-D-threopentulose respectively have been isolated pure and
crystalline. Similarly glucose and β-alanine gave 1-β-alanino-1-deoxy-D-fructose.
Water-Soluble constituents of fruit. VI. The Amino Acids in Apricots and Peaches
Authors: Reynolds TM
Published: September 2010

The amino acids in apricots and peaches
were fractionated by displacement chromatography on columns of cation-exchange
resins and then examined by paper chromatography. The same 18 amino acids
identified in both species. Except for a much lower concentration of proline in
peaches the amino acids were present in similar proportions in the two species.
Chemistry of Polynuclear compounds
Authors: Durie RA , Lack RE , Shannon JS
Published: September 2010

In an investigation into the coking
mechanism of coal, polynuclear quinones were adopted as models. The infra-red
absorption spectra (between 2000 and 650 cm-1) are now reported for
several of these quinones, namely : dibenzanthrone (I) ; isodibenzanthrone (II)
; 16,17-dimethoxydibenzanthrone (III) ; 16,17-diethoxydibenz-anthrone (IV) ;
pyranthrone (V) ; flavanthrone (VI) ; 4,lO-dibromoanthanthrone (VII) ;
4,4'-dibenzanthronyl (VIII) ; 2.2'-dimethyl 1,1'-dianthraquinoyl (IX) ; and for
the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons violanthrene (X) and isoviolanthrene
(XI). Factors influencing the quinonoid carbonyl group bond order (hence
frequency of absorption) and the redox potential are discussed. Tentative
correlations are advanced for strong absorption bands in the CH out-of-plane
vibration region. The carbonyl group frequencies and the electronic absorption
spectra indicate the molecular non-planarity of VIII and IX.
Studies of the optically active compounds of Anacardiaceae exudates. II. The action of Alkali on the long-chain alicyclic Keto Alcohol of Tigaso Oil
Authors: Dalton LK , Lamberton JA
Published: September 2010

In cold alcoholic alkali the optically
active compound I from Tigaso oil undergoes a rapid reaction which involves
loss of its conjugated carbonyl system, and a large change, with inversion, of
its optical rotation. The reaction is interpreted as a cyclization and the
product is provisionally formulated as a bicyclononane derivative IIa. In hot
alcoholic alkali, IIa is not the final product ; the bicyclic compound
undergoes further reaction to give a mixture in which the unsaturated
monocyclic triketone VII (R=C16H31) appears to
predominate, but which probably consists of a mixture of VII and VIII (R=C16H31).
These can be hydrogenated to a mixture of saturated monocyclic triketones VII
and VIII (R =C16H33). The same hydrogenated triketones
are obtained if IIa is first hydrogenated and then heated with alcoholic
alkali. These triketones are optically active and by oxidation with
hypobromite, or with permanganate and then hypobromite, yield bromoform and the
chemically homogeneous tribasic acid IX, which still retains optical activity.
The isolation of the saturated hydroxydiketone IIb in 4 per cent, yield from
hydrogenated Tigaso oil suggests that 11% is present to that extent in the
original oil.
Crystallographic calculations on the silliac electronic digital computer. II. Structure factors
Authors: Freeman HC
Published: September 2010

Two programmes
for crystal structure-factor calculations on the SILLIAC computer are briefly
described, with special reference to the problem of coding such computations
efficiently for a computer of high speed but limited storage capacity.
The electrical resistivities of some semiconductors at high pressures
Authors: Hamann SD
Published: September 2010

The resistivities of B, I, TiS2, TiS3,
TiSe2, ZrS2,
ZrS3, ZrSe2,
ZrSe3, and ZrTe2
have been measured at room temperature under static pressures between 1 and
40,000 atm. In every instance the resistivity decreased with increasing
pressure, but the change was never great enough to render the materials
metallic. The largest change was shown by iodine, whose resistivity dropped by
a factor of 1000 at 40,000 atm.

�� Under explosive shock pressures of about
250,000 atm, sulphur and iodine were found to have very low resistances and
were presumably metallic. In similar conditions ZrS3
and anthracene remained semiconductors.
Some studies in inorganic complexes. IV. Titanium(III) and Titanium(IV)
Authors: Sutton GJ
Published: September 2010

The titanium complexes TiCl3.D.H2O,
TiBr3.D.H2O, TiCl4.D, and TiBr4.D,
In which D is o-phenylenebisdimethylarsine. have been prepared and studied. By
means of conductivity and molecular weight measurements, it has been shown that
they are 6-covalent non-electrolytes. The thiocyanato complexes [NH4][Ti(SCN)4(H2O)2,],
[NH4][Ti(SCN)4], and [NH4][Ti(SCN)4OH.H2O]
were also prepared and their structures verified by conductivity measurements.
The ' Variable Electronegativity ' Method. III. The Pyrrole Anion and Electronegativity Reversal
Authors: Brown RD , Heffernan ML
Published: September 2010

The π-electron distribution in the
pyrrole anion has been evaluated by the VESCF method using two alternative
methods of estimating core attraction terms. The results indicate that the π-electron
distribution around the conjugated system is very nearly uniform, supporting
previous speculations that the relative attracting powers of tertiary nitrogen
and carbon reverse when their π-electron densities exceed a certain value,
suspected to be not too much greater than unity. The present calculations
indicate that the critical π-electron density is around 1.2.

The VESCF estimates of ionization
potentials of the pyrrole anion are also reported.
Degradation of carbohydrates. I. Isolation of 3-deoxyhexosones
Authors: Anet EFL
Published: September 2010

The two possible 3-deoxy-D-hexosones were
prepared in high yields by the decomposition of diketoseamino acids in dilute
aqueous solution at pH 5 and 100 �C. Small amounts of the corresponding
epimeric aldoses were also isolated.

1,1'-(Carboxymethylamino)bis-[1-deoxy-D-fructose],
the preparation of which has been improved, gave 3-deoxy-D-erythrohexosone
which was characterized as the 2,4-dinitro- and 2,5-dichlorophenylosazones and
triacetates, and as the 4-nitrophenyl-osazone. The 4-nitro- and 2,4-dinitrophenylosazones
were identical with those prepared from 3-deoxy-D-ribohexose. 1,1'-(Carboxymethylamino)bis-[1-deoxy-D-tagatose]
yielded 3-deoxy-D-threohexosone characterized as the 2,4-dinitrophenylosazone
and triacetate and 2,5-dichlorophenylosazone.

Chromatographic evidence suggests that
3-deoxyhexosones are also formed during the decomposition of other substituted
1-amino-1-deoxyketoses.

A mechanism for the formation of
3-deoxyhexosones and of the epimeric aldoses from diketoseamino acids is
proposed.
The Preparation of Some Surface Active Alcohols Containing the Anthracene Nucleus
Authors: Stewart FHC
Published: September 2010

The preparation of a series of homologous
alcohols incorporating the anthracene nucleus is described and discussed.
Certain of their physical properties, notably, surface activity and fluorescent
behaviour, are examined qualitatively.
Molecular Vibrations in the Exciton Theory for Molecular Aggregates. III. Polymeric Systems
Authors: McRae EG
Published: September 2010

The theory of Part I of this series is developed for aggregates of many molecules.
The low-energy exciton states are considered on the basis of perturbation theory. The
conditions for applicability of perturbation theory based on E-V wave functions are
examined. It is shown that perturbation theory is valid where the intermolecular
interaction in the exciton state is strong and/or the vibronic progression in the monomer
spectrum is short.
Expressions relating to the vibrational structure in electronio absorption and
emission spectra and the vibrational inhibition of intermolecular interaction are derived.
A formula connecting the polarization ratios in absorption and fluorescence is given.
The formula is shown to be relatively free from uncertainties arising from the use of
perturbation theory, and it offers a new method of calculating the theoretical Davydov
splitting for a system of rigid molecules from experimental data.
Numerical calculations are made for a linear aggregate, and the results are compared
with the observed electronio spectra of the NN'-diethyl-4-cyanine dye polymer.
It is shown that the rigid-lattice model is an adequate representation of the cyanine
dye polymer, but not of the anthracene crystal.
Synthesis of Some Derivatives of Isothiocyanic Acid containing Sulphur-35
Authors: Moye CJ
Published: September 2010

Phenylisothiocyanate-35S and
n-dodecylisothiocyanate-35S have been synthesized and a number of
thiourea derivatives of phenylisothiocyanate-35S have been prepared.
n-Dodecylisothiocyanate-35S has been converted routinely into
1-n-dodecylthiourea for the evaluation of sulphur exchange kinetics.
Terpenoid Chemistry. VI. The Structure of Humulene
Authors: Waters OJ
Published: September 2010

Pure humulene is shown to be
1,1,4,8-tetramethylcycloundeca-3,7,10-tree. The present results also
demonstrate that Chapman's humulene has this structure. On the other hand, the
structures proposed for humulene by Sorm et al. (1949, 1952) and by Fawcett and
Harris (1954a, 1954b, 1954c) are incorrect.
Evaluation of the Effect of Some Experimental Parameters in the Determination of Chlorine Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectra
Authors: Hacobian S
Published: September 2010

Some of the factors contributing to the
successful setting up of a sensitive chlorine nuclear resonance spectrometer
are discussed. A simple self-quenched super-regenerative spectrometer is
described and various experimental parameters affecting the intensities of the
chlorine resonances of some alkyl and aromatic halides are determined.
New Sources and Synthesis of Torquatone
Authors: Bowyer RC , Jefferies PR
Published: September 2010

Torquatone has been isolated from forms of Eucalyptus flocktoniae and E. spathulata
var. grandifora. Baeckeol has been isolated from Calythrix angulata. Torquatone has
been synthesized by condensation of 2,4-dimethylphloroglucinol and isovaleric acid
with subsequent methylation.
The 'Anomalous' Association of Thallous Salts in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Pankhurst MH
Published: September 2010

The failure of simple ionic theories to
account for association of thallous salts in aqueous solution is discussed.
Accepting experimental evidence that the associated species are ionic, it is
shown that on a dielectric continuum model neither dielectric saturation of the
solvent nor polarization of the ions can account for the association.
Consideration of the thermodynamics of association shows that hydration effects
cannot be neglected and it is suggested that Tl+ differs from alkali
metal ions in association reactions because of the tendency of Tl+
to distort in an unsymmetrical field.
Oxidative sulphitolysis of the disulphide groups in insulin and cystine
Authors: Leach SJ , Swan JM
Published: September 2010

All three disulphide bonds in insulin are
broken by the combined action of sulphite and oxygen, the reaction proceeding
at a reasonable rate at room temperature, pH 8-10. This " oxidative sulphitolysis " (RSSR'+RSSO< +RISSO<) is
strongly catalysed by metal ions, particularly Cu(11). For a 1% solution of
insulin at pH 10 containing 2x 10-4iu CU(II), reaction is complete in about 24
hr at 20 OC, and acidification then gives a precipitate of the S-sulpho B-chain, the S-sulpho
A-chain remaining in solution. Catalysis of the air-oxidative sulphitolysis of cystine to S-sulphocysteine
(Clarke 1932 ; Kolthoff and Stricks
1951a, 1951b) is confirmed, CU(II), M~(II), CO(IIL), and F~(III) being most
effective in that order. In these reactions the binding of metal ions by
intermediate thiols prevents or retards the usual
metal-catalysed air oxidation of sulphite to sulphate, so that a large excess
of sulphite is not required.

When a mixture of insulin and sulphite is
oxidized with CU(II) with exclusion of oxygen, two end-points are readily
detected (cf. cystine ; Kolthoff and Stricks 1951a, 1951b), corresponding to the reactions In addition there is
evidence for the formation, in the early stages, of cupric mercaptide
according to the equation Cupric sulphitolysis can
also be carried out in two stages by &st
titrating the insulin with CU(I) to the end-point of the reaction and then with
CU(II) to complete the reaction according to RSCU+SO;- +2Cu2++RSS0c +3Cu+.
The Chemistry of Quinones. II. Synthesis of Polysubstituted Naphthoquinones
Authors: Hall JR , Cooke RG , Marchant NK , Owen WR , Plowman RA
Published: September 2010

Solutions of copper(II) salts and excess
2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmp) in organic solvents yielded complexes of
formula Cu(dmp),X,.H,O, where X=NO3, Cl, and Br. When excess of the
copper(II) salt was present, mono complexes represented by CudmpX2,
where X=NO3, Cl, Br ; 2X=SO4 were obtained. Copper(II)
perchlorate-dmp mixtures yielded hydrated Cu(dmp),(ClO4)2.
Aqueous solutions of the bis complexes changed colour when boiled and deposited
red crystals of composition Cu(dmp)2X, with water of crystallization
in some cases. Bis(dmp)copper(I) nitrate, perchlorate, and sulphate were also
produced by reduction of the copper(II) complexes with hypophosphorus acid or
hydroxylamine salts. The visible absorption curves for solutions of the
complexes Cu(dmp)2X, corresponded with those reported in studies of
the spectrophotometric estimation of copper using dmp. Mono complexes of
formula CudmpX, where X=Cl, Br, and I, were prepared
by reduction of the corresponding copper(II) complexes.
Virial Coefficients for Unlike Interactions
Authors: Bottomley GA , Spurling TH
Published: September 2010

The nonidealities have been measured at
50�C for nitromethane-acetone, nitromethane-argon, and nitromethane-benzene
vapour mixtures. Comparisons of the calculated second virial coefficients for
the unlike interactions with estimations from intermolecular potential
combining rules fail badly for the nitromethane-acetone mixture and the
nitromethane-benzene mixture, but agree within 15% for the nitromethane-argon
mixture.
The Volatile Oil of Pseudowintera colorata. IV. Epicyclocolorenone
Authors: Corbett RE , Young H
Published: September 2010

Cyclocolorenone has been
converted to epicyclocolorenone and both have been dehydrogenated to the same
dienone (II).
The Rate of Racemization and Isomerization of the cis-Chloroaquobis(ethylenediamine) cobalt(III) Ion
Authors: Sargeson AM
Published: September 2010

The rate of isomerization
of the cis-chloroaquobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III)
ion to the trans-isomer k30� = 2.7 x 10-3 min-1
has been shown to be the same as the rate of racemization k30� =
2.61 x 10-3 min-1. The activation energies and entropies
for the reactions are AEa = 27 � 1
kcal/mole, AS? = $2 e.u., and ΔEa
= 26.7 � 0.2 kcal/mole, AS? = +2.3 e.u. respectively.
The Chemical Constituents of Australian Flindersia Species. XVII. The Structure of Ifflaiamine
Authors: Bosson JA , Rasmussen M , Ritchie E , Robertson AV , Taylor WC
Published: September 2010

The wood of Flindersia ifflaiana F. Muell.
contains ifflaionic acid, a new triterpene acid, and ifflaiamine, a new
alkaloid. The latter has a modified furoquinoline structure, shown to be (I).
Some experiments on the synthesis of 4-hydroxy-2-quinolone and derivatives are
described.
Studies on the Doebner-Miller, Skraup, and Related Reactions. I. Isolation of Intermediates in the Formation of Quinolines
Authors: Badger GM , Crocker HP , Ennis BC , Gayler JA , Matthews WE , Raper WGC , Samuel EL , Spotswood TM
Published: September 2010

Aniline and substituted anilines have been
found to react, in acid solution, with αβ-unsaturated carbonyl
compounds (or with substances which can be converted into αβ-unsaturated
carbonyl compounds by acid) to give β-arylaminoaldehydes or ketones (IV,
VIII, X), or in some cases the anil of a β-arylaminoaldehyde. These
adducts have been cyclized, sometimes in good yield, to the corresponding
quinolines: and the evidence indicates that compounds of these types must be
intermediates m the Skraup, the Doebner-Miller, and related reactions. The
mechanisms of these reactions are critically discussed. Satisfactory methods
for the preparation of many quinolines have been devised, and syntheses of
several new quinolines are reported.
Alkaloids of Ochrosia poweri Bailey. II. The 2-acylindole stem-bark bases
Authors: Douglas B , Kirkpatrick JL , Moore BP , Weisbach JA
Published: September 2010

Stem-bark of Ochrosia poweri Bailey
furnished isoreserpiline, elliptamine, and three new indole alkaloids,
ochropamine (C22H26O3N2), ochropine
(C23H28O4N2), and powerchrine (C22H26O3N2).
Ochropamine and ochropine are 2-acylindole derivatives closely related to the
alkaloid vobasine. Their structures have been assigned as (XVI) and (XVII),
respectively, by means of a combination of chemical and spectroscopic
techniques.
Synthetical applications of activated metal catalysts. XXIV. The desulphurization of sulphones
Authors: Badger GM , Cheuychit P , Sasse WHF
Published: September 2010

Diphenylsulphone has been found to be much
more resistant to desulphurization than diphenylsulphoxide or diphenylsulphide.
The desulphurization of benzo[b]thiophen-3-(carboxylic acid)-1,1-dioxide with
Raney cobalt has been found to give benzo[b]thiophen-3-oarboxylic acid,
2-phenylpropionic acid, phenylacetic acid, and a small amount of an
unidentified labile acid. The results support the view that the
desulphurization of sulphones proceeds via the sulphides.
Organoaluminium compounds. V. Reactions of organoaluminium compounds with benzophenone
Authors: Mole T , Surtees JR
Published: September 2010

Benzophenone reacts with trimethyl-,
triethyl-, and tri-isobutyl-aluminium in boiling benzene to give products
resulting from alkylation, alkylation together with reduction, and reduction,
respectively. Under these conditions dimethylphenylaluminium phenylates
exclusively, whilst diethylphenylaluminium acts as a phenylating, reducing, and
ethylating agent. Both di-isobutylphenyl- and isobutyldiphenylaluminium act as
reducing agents, but the latter also phenylates. Attention is drawn to the
mechanistic complexity of these reactions.
Proton magnetic resonance in aromatic nitro compounds
Authors: Wells PR
Published: September 2010

The proton magnetic resonance spectra of
several methylnitronaphthalenes, p-nitrotoluene, and nitro-p-xylene have been
determined for dilute carbon tetra- chloride solution. The nitro group has
little effect upon the chemical shift of the methyl group unless they are
"ortho" related. The electronic effects of the nitro group lead to a
general low field shift of the ring protons with little distinction between
quinonoid and non-quinonoid positions. From the effect of nitro group rotation
due to steric hindrance its anisotropic contribution has been estimated in good
agreement with other work.
Polarography of aromatic azo compounds. I. Effect of substituents on the electroreduction of azo compounds
Authors: Florence TM
Published: September 2010

The polarography of several azo compounds
has been investigated, and the electron-attracting, or releasing, ability of
the substituents related to their effect on the half step potentials and
limiting currents. In the para-substituted azobenzene series, the standard
potentials of the electrode reactions bear a linear relationship to the Hammett
substituent constants (σp) Groups such as hydroxy, amino, and dimethylamino can
cause the number of electrons involved in the polarographic reduction to
increase from two to four. Evidence has been obtained to support the theory
that an unstable hydrazo intermediate is involved in the reduction of such
compounds.
Molten salt mixtures. VIII. The refractive index of molten salt mixtures and their molar refractivities
Authors: Bloom H , Peryer BM
Published: September 2010

The refractive index of molten NaCl, KCl,
CdCl2, and PbCl2 and of the molten systems NaCl + CdCl2,
NaCl + PbCl2, KCl + CdCl2, and KCl + PbCl2 has
been measured over a range of temperature. From these results and published
density data, molar refractivities have been calculated. The deviation of molar
refractivity from the values calculated on the basis of additivity gives
further evidence for the formation of complex ions in the KCl + CdCl2
and KCl + PbCl2 systems. In the NaCl + CdCl2 and NaCl + PbCl2
systems there is simple mixing without interaction.
Some oxidation reactions of branched-chain carboxylic acids
Authors: Beckwith ALJ , Goodrich JE
Published: September 2010

Various branched-chain carboxylic acids
have been oxidized with the following reagents: (A) potassium manganate in
dilute alkali; (B) potassium permanganate in concentrated alkali; (C) potassium
peroxydisulphate in dilute alkali; (D) potassium peroxydisulphate in dilute
acid. In most cases hydroxy-acids were formed by oxidation at the tertiary
position but the yields were poor. None of these reagents appears to provide a
general method for the preparation of lactones from branched-chain saturated
carboxylic acids.
Steroidal α,β-epoxyketones. IV. Synthesis of the isomeric 6β-Bromo-4,5-epoxycholestan-3-ones
Authors: Collins DJ , Hobbs JJ
Published: September 2010

6β-Bromocholest-4-en-3-one (I) was
converted to 6β-bromo-4α,5-epoxy-5α-cholestan-3-one (II) with
alkaline hydrogen peroxide. 5,6β-Dibromo-5α-cholestane- 3β,4β-diol
(X) with alkali gave 6β-bromo-4β,5-epoxy-5β-cholestan-3β-ol
(IXa), which was oxidized to non-crystalline 6β-bromo-4β,5-epoxy-5β-cholestan-3-one
(XIII), characterized as the crystalline 3,3-dimethyl ketal (XIIa). Cleavage of
(II) with hydrogen bromide in acetic acid gave 4,6β-dibromocholest-4-en-3-one
(V) via the isomeric bromohydrins (IVa) and (IVb). Compound (XIII) yielded (V)
directly.

Sodium borohydride reduction of (I) gave cholesterol
in high yield, while reduction with lithium tri-t-butoxyaluminium hydride
afforded cholest-4-en-3-one (52%), cholesterol (30%), and cholest-4-en-6β-ol-3-one
(7%).
Reactions of NN-diphenylcarbamoyl chloride. I. With amino acids and small peptides
Authors: Rivett DE , Wilshire JFK
Published: September 2010

NN-Diphenylcarbamoyl
chloride reacts with a wide variety of amino acids and small peptides in
presence of base to give good yields of crystalline derivatives. Since L-amino
acids give optically active derivatives, the reagent promises to be of value for
the characterization of amino acids.
A proton magnetic resonance study of molecular overcrowding in N-Alkyl-o-nitroanilines
Authors: Rae ID
Published: September 2010

The chemical shift of an aromatic proton
adjacent to a nitro group is sensitive to the degree of coplanarity between the
nitro group and the aromatic ring, and variations in the chemical shift have
been used to examine the configurations of N-methyl and NN-dimethylanilines
bearing o-nitro substituents.
The formation of aromatic hydrocarbons at high temperatures. XXVI. Pyrolysis of [1-14C]styrene
Authors: Badger GM , Jolad SD , Spotswood TM
Published: September 2010

The pyrolysis of [l-14C]styrene
at 710� has given a tar from which nine compounds have been isolated in
sufficient quantity and purity for radiochemical analysis. Four of these have
been degraded to determine the distribution of the activity, and the results
are discussed with reference to possible mechanisms of formation from styrene.
A study of the non-stoicheiometric, lime-type phase occurring in the system Ca-O-N
Authors: Bevan DJM , Lincoln FJ , Richardson FD
Published: September 2010

A brown, strongly reducing,
non-stoicheiometric calcium oxynitride
phase has been prepared by heating calcium oxide pellets at about 1100� in an
atmosphere of calcium vapour and nitrogen derived from heated calcium nitride.
The compositions studied ranged between CaNo.oo4O0.99(2)
and CaNo.070O0.82(5).
X-ray diffraction patterns were of a face-centred cubic lime-type phase with
lattice parameters expanded with respect to that of pure lime; the expansion
was a linear function of the nitrogen content. The possible nature of this non-stoicheiometric solid is discussed.
Carbonyl halides of the Group VI transition metals. I. Molybdenum tetracarbonyl dichloride and some of its derivatives
Authors: Colton R , Tomkins IB
Published: September 2010

Molybdenum tetracarbonyl
dichloride, Mo(CO)4Cl2, has
been prepared and characterized. It is thermally unstable and reactive.
Substitution compounds with triphenylphosphine and triphenylarsine
have been readily obtained. All these compounds are diamagnetic.
Some amine-thiocyanate complexes of nickel(II)
Authors: Curtis NF , Curtis YM
Published: September 2010

The preparation and properties of
Ni(l,3-pn)2(NCS)2, Ni(trien)(NCS)2,
Ni(tet a)(NCS)2, Ni(tet
b)(NCS)2, Ni(dien)(NCS)2, Ni(dpt)(NCS)2, Ni(en)2NCSClO4,
and Ni(trien)NCSClO4
are described (1,3-pn = 1,3-diaminopropane, trien = triethylenetetramine, tet a and tet b are isomeric hexamethylcyclotetradecanes,
dien = diethylenetriamine, dpt = dipropylenetriamine, en =
ethylenediamine). The first four compounds are normal N-bonded dithiocyanato derivatives, the dien
and dpt derivatives have structures with one N-bonded
terminal, and one bridging thiocyanate ion, and the thiocyanate perchlorate
compounds have structures with a bridging thiocyanate ion. Magnetic
susceptibilities (all μeff c. 3.1
B.M.), infrared spectra (including that of N-deuterated Si(l,3-pn)2(NCS)2),
reflectance spectra, and conductances in methanol and acetone are reported.
The reaction of hydrogen atoms with toluene vapour
Authors: Mulcahy MFR , Harrisson RJ , Wilmshurst JR
Published: September 2010

The main product of the reaction between
toluene and hydrogen atoms in comparable concentrations at 0.6 torr, 27�, and residence times of about 1 sec, is
methylcyclohexane. In addition, a number of toluene molecules approximately
equal to those converted to methylcyclohexane react to form gaseous
hydrocarbons and a complex liquid product consisting of C3 to C7
(and possibly higher) acyclic alkanes and cycloalkanes. Benzene is not a major product. At 390� the
main products are methane, ethane, and ethylene; the liquid product is almost
entirely benzene and corresponds to about 10% of the original toluene. To
explain the absence of methylcyclohexadienes and methylcyclohexenes from the products of incomplete reaction
at 27�, it is suggested that these compounds are formed as intermediates in
highly reactive triplet states.
Photochemical reactions of azo compounds. VII. Studies of the photochemical reactions of azobenzene under various acidic conditions
Authors: Lewis GE , Mayfield RJ
Published: September 2010

An investigation has been
made of the photochemical and dark reactions of azobenzene in acetic
acid-ferric chloride and acetic acid-aluminium chloride mixtures for comparison
with the corresponding reactions of azobenzene in sulphuric acid. The photochemical
reactions resulted in cyclodehydrogenation of azobenzene to benzo[c]cinnoline,
and small quantities of reduction products of azobenzene were also isolated.
The formation of reduction products was again observed in the dark reactions,
but there was no sign of cyclodehydrogenation. The significance of these
observations is now discussed.

Irradiation of azobenzene in acetyl
chloride, or in acetic anhydride containing hydrogen chloride, resulted in a
novel photochemical reaction in which NN?-diacetyl-4-chlorohydrazobenzene was
formed in high yield.
Pyrimidine reactions. XIII. The conversion of simple alkoxy- and alkylthiopyrimidines into butylaminopyrimidines
Authors: Brown DJ , Foster RV
Published: September 2010

The formation of 2- and
4-butylaminopyrimidine from simple alkoxy- and alkylthio-pyrimidines with
butylamine in the absence of added solvent has been followed either
spectrometrically or by gas chromatography. The apparent first- order rate
constants indicate that each 4- substituted pyrimidine reacts more slowly than
its 2-isomer; each alkylthiopyrimidine more slowly than its alkoxy analogue;
and the higher homologues more slowly than the parent methoxy or methylthio
homologues. All such reactions are considerably slower than those involving the
corresponding chloropyrimidines. Rates have been measured also for the thermal
rearrangement of 4-methoxypyrimidine into 1,6- dihydro-1-methyl-6-oxopyrimidine, in the presence of triethylamine and other
bases. These data permit allowances for simultaneous rearrangement to be made
in the rate constants of appropriate aminolyses.
Effect of solvent on dipole moments of aliphatic amines
Authors: Krishna B , Srivastava AN
Published: September 2010

The dipole moments of six
aliphatic amines have been determined in benzene and in cyclohexane at 25�.
Except for n-butylamine, the data in cyclohexane are new. The results obtained
have been discussed in tern of the influence of solvent on dipole moments in
the light of the general theory of Higasi.
Pyrrole studies. X. The preparation and electronic spectra of phenyldipyrromethenes
Authors: Guy RW , Jones RA
Published: September 2010

The NH frequency and the
electronic spectra of 22 phenyldipyrromethenes have
been measured. The spectral data confirm the presence of steric interaction between
phenyl groups in the 3,3?-positions, but it was not possible to ascertain
whether the interaction is relieved by a loss of coplanarity of the dipyrromethene system or by rotation of the dipyrromethene rings. The synthesis of 12 new phenyl-pyrroles
is also described.
The structure of methoxyellipticine
Authors: Loder JW
Published: September 2010

Methoxyellipticine is shown to be 9-methoxy-5,11-dimethyl-6H-
pyrido[4,3-b]-carbazole (IV).
Synthesis of α-deuterated amino acids
Authors: Johns RB , Whelan DJ
Published: September 2010

A non-enzymatic
transamination method has been used to carbon-deuterate in high yield a
representative range of amino acids. Exchange has been found to occur
specifically in the α-position unless a substituent is present which can
activate the β-position. The 60-Mc/s n.m.r, spectra of the deuterated and undeuterated
amino acids are reported.
Aromatic radical-ion formation using lewis acid catalysts
Authors: Garnett JL , Rainis A , Sollich-Baumgartner WA
Published: September 2010

The formation of radical
ions from interactions between organic compounds with transition metal
chlorides (Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir), their potassium salts, and other Lewis acid catalysts
has been studied by electron spin resonance. The possible importance of these
e.s.r. active species in catalytic reactions such as self-activation in
isotopic hydrogen exchange and Friedel-Crafts processes has been investigated.
A number of organic donors have been examined including polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons, aromatic mines, alkenes, chloropromazine, and phenothiazine.
Effect of water of crystallization, oxygen, ultraviolet radiation, and methyl
substituents on the e.s.r. has been evaluated. A study has been made of the
factors affecting the formation of these e.s.r. species in solution when
compared with solid state interactions using as acceptors iodine, and the
halides of iron, cadmium, boron, tellurium, and titanium. The results have been
interpreted in terms of the formation of radical ions. It is proposed that in the
solid state, the transferred electrons are weakly coupled as in a diradicaloid
triplet state.
The synthesis and chemistry of DL-Indoline-2-carboxylic acid
Authors: Hudson CB , Robertson AV
Published: September 2010

Indole-2-carboxamide is
reduced by phosphonium iodide and fuming hydriodic acid to
DL-indoline-2-carboxamide, hydrolysis of which readily gives indoline-2-carboxylic
acid. The chemistry of this new amino acid and some of its derivatives has been
explored. Benzimidazole-2-carboxamide is inert to phosphonium iodide/hydriodic
acid.
Pyridinium ylids in synthesis. II. Acylation and the synthesis of b-dicarbonyl compounds
Authors: Henrick CA , Ritchie E , Taylor WC
Published: September 2010

The acylation of
N-pyridinium ylids with acid chlorides or anhydrides yields C-acylated ylids
which may be reductivaly cleared to yield P-diketones or P-keto esters,
depending on the starting materials.

The u.v., i.r.,
and N.M.R. spectra of the ylids are discussed.
Electron impact studies. XVIII. Mass spectra of pyridazines, phthalazines, and related compounds
Authors: Bowie JH , Cooks RG , Donaghue PF , Halleday JA , Rodda HJ
Published: September 2010

The mass spectra of
substituted pyridazines, phthalazines, and related compounds are reported and
discussed. Molecular ions are a prominent feature of all the spectra, and
fragmentation modes may be usefully correlated with both the type of
heterocycle and its substitution pattern. Fragmentation patterns have been
substantiated by extensive high resolution studies and appropriate metastable
ions.
Octahedral cobalt(III) complexes in dipolar aprotic solvents. XIII. The isomerization of cis- and trans-Dibromobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) ions, [CoBr2 em2]+, in anhydrous sulpholane
Authors: Fitzgerald WR , Watts DW
Published: September 2010

The isomerization of cis- and trans-[CoBr2 en2]+ has been studied in anhydrous sulpholane (tetramethylene sulphone).
No evidence has been found for the presence of species containing coordinated
solvent molecules, and the mechanism of isomerization of both isomers is
interpreted as SNl the rates being
influenced by ion-pair formation. Activation parameters have
been measured for the isomerization of both species at various bromide
concentrations. Equilibrium constants and standard state entropy and enthalpy
changes for the isomerization reaction and for the formation of the cis-[CoBr2
en2]+ .......Br- ion pair have
been measured.
Spectra in the O-H stretching region of mono- and oligo-saccharides at low temperatures
Authors: Michell AJ
Published: September 2010

Spectra in the O-H
stretching region of some mono- and oligosaccharides have been obtained at low
temperatures. Bands in the low-temperature spectra were found to be sharper and
better resolved, and some bands were revealed which were not apparent at room
temperature. Spectra have also been obtained in both the O-H and O-D stretching
regions of partly deuterated samples of two glycosides and an oligosaccharide.
From these it has been shown that the fine structure in the O-H stretching
region of the spectra of these compounds arises from coupled vibrations rather
than from separate vibrations of individual groups. This coupling is probably the underlying
reason for the large widths of bands in this region of the spectrum of
carbohydrates.
Reactivity of transition metal fluorides. V. Reactions of hexafluorides of Molybdenum, Tungsten, and Uranium with ionic chlorides
Authors: O'Donnell TA , Wilson PW
Published: September 2010

An earlier investigation of
the reactions of higher fluorides of transition elements with a range of
covalent chlorides has now been extended to cover the reactions of the hexafluorides of molybdenum, tungsten, and uranium with
binary ionic chlorides. The observed results correlate well with published
thermodynamic data.
Nickel(II) complexes of 3-alkylacetylacetones
Authors: Addison AW , Graddon DP
Published: September 2010

Nickel(11) complexes have
been prepared from 3-alkylacetylacetones, LH = CH3COCHRCOCH3
(R = Me, Et, Bu, and CH2Ph). The anhydrous complexes, NiL2, are red
and diamagnetic in the solid state and dissolve in toluene to give equilibrium
mixtures of monomeric, low-spin and trimeric, high-spin species. Equilibrium
constants have been obtained for the low-spin-high-spin equilibrium when R = Et
or CH2Ph. Reaction with pyridine in toluene solution gives the
adducts NiL2 py2, probably with Ni2L4
py as an intermediate. The relative stabilities of the low-spin and high-spin
forms of NiL2 are shown to depend not only on steric factors, but
also on electronic factors related to the acid dissociation constants of the ligands,
LH.
Modification of chemical properties of iron cyanides in solid solutions
Authors: Duncan JF , Percival HJ
Published: September 2010

The ions [Fe(CN)64-,
[Fe(CN)63-, and [Fe(CN)5NO]2- have
been incorporated as solid solutions in alkali-halide host lattices. For the hexacyanides, the CN stretch frequency is split in a manner
which can be explained from C2v or D2h symmetry of the point defects introduced in
the solid solutions. There is evidence of reduced species formed from [Fe(CN)6]3-
and [Fe(CN)5NO]2-.
The reaction of nopinone with acids
Authors: Lewis KG , Williams GJ
Published: September 2010

Modifications are suggested
for the structure of products formed in the ring opening of nopinone by hydrogen chloride. The action of dilute
sulphuric acid upon nopinone has been shown to yield
4-isopropylcyclohex-3-enone and 4-isopropenylcyclohexanone
in addition to the previously reported products.
The theory of titration of polybasic acids. I. Dibasic acids that form ion complexes
Authors: Hanann SD , Johnson CHJ
Published: September 2010

Exact computer calculations
have been made of the titration curves of weak dibasic acids, assuming that the
anions of the acids may form ionic complexes with the cations of the titrating
base. The results are qualitatively very similar to the experimental titration
curves of some polyelectrolyte resins and offer an explanation of the unusual
behaviour of the resins.
Chemistry of the Podocarpaceae. XVIII. α-Tetralones derived from podocarpic acid
Authors: Davis BR , Watkins WB
Published: September 2010

Brief treatment of a
variety of derivatives of podocarpic acid (I) with
bromine in ether, preferably containing a free-radical initiator such as benzoyl peroxide, gave after hydrolysis the corresponding
7-oxo compound in moderate to good yield. This reaction occurred both in
compounds containing a methoxyl group at C12 (11) and in one without (XIX).
Alkyl groups attached to the aromatic ring were unreactive.
In suitable cases, normal polar bromination was also observed.
Iron(II) complexes of 2,4-Bis(2-pyridyl)thiazole
Authors: Goodwin HA , Sylva RN
Published: September 2010

Mono and bis iron(11)
complexes of 2,4-bis(2-pyridyl)thiazole have been described. Conductivity and
visible and infrared spectral data suggest that the mono complexes are
five-coordinate. The magnetism of the bis complexes, in contrast to that of the
mono complexes, shows unusual temperature dependence. This has been ascribed to
the presence, in the bis complexes, of a spin-state equilibrium. Bis[2,4-bis(2-pyridyl)thiazole]cobalt(11) perchlorate has been shown to
be a simple paramagnetic compound.
The diffusion of aluminium and gallium in zinc oxide
Authors: Norman VJ
Published: September 2010

Solubilities and rates of
substitutional diffusion of aluminium and gallium in polycrystalline zinc oxide
have been determined in the temperature range 750-1000� by a chemical method
previously described. The solubility of aluminium in zinc oxide, expressed in
ions cm-3, is given by the expression n = 1.0 x 1023exp(-1.08k-1T-1),
and the solubility of gallium by n = 2.7 x 1021exp(-0.59k-1T-1),
where the activation energies are expressed in eV.
The rates of diffusion of both aluminium and gallium were found to be dependent
on surface concentration up to a limiting value, at which the diffusion coefficient
of aluminium is D = 5.3 x 10-2 exp(-2.74k-1T-1)
cm2 sec-1, and that of gallium
is D = 3.6 x 104 exp(-3.75k-1T-1) cm2 sac-1. ��� It is shown that supersaturation of both
aluminium and gallium in the zinc oxide crystals occurs above 800�.
The synthesis and degradation of 3-acylphthalides
Authors: Buckley DG , Ritchie E , Cooks RG
Published: September 2010

3-Acetyl- and
3-benzoyl-phthalides have been synthesized. The former was stable to alkaline
degradation but the latter yielded phthalide and benzoic acid, together with
other products. The results support the mechanism previously proposed for the
base-induced conversion of radicicol dimethyl ether into the corresponding
phthalide. Attempts to prepare 3-p-nitrobenzoylphthalide are described.