bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyphenol-Driven Structural Alterations and Antibacterial Potency of the IgY-Catechin Complex
Authors: Liu Lili , Wang Yanli , Zhang Mengjun , Cheng Weiwei , Ding Yue , He Jialiang
Published: October 2024

The binding of proteins with polyphenols can alter the properties of the proteins, thereby expanding their application scenarios. Yolk immunoglobulin (IgY), an easily obtainable protein from eggs, undergoes property changes upon binding with catechin, which is significant for broadening the application of IgY. This study investigates the binding modes, structural changes, stability, and antibacterial properties of the IgY-catechin complex using computational chemistry, spectroscopy, and antibacterial assays. Molecular dynamics simulations analysis revealed that catechin binds to residues PHE503, THR501, THR505, GLU511 of IgY respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and circular dichroism(CD) displayed an increase in hydrogen bond content within the complex, a 5.48% increase in α-helix content, and a decrease in random coil content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the complex had a smoother and more regular surface. The IgY-catechin complex exhibited improved acid-base stability but slightly reduced thermal stability compared to IgY. Fluorescence inverted microscopy and nucleic acid-protein leakage assays indicated that the complex disrupted the cell membranes of both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), leading to the leakage of intracellular genetic material. These findings confirmed that the interaction between catechin and IgY altered the protein structure of IgY, enhanced its bacteriostatic ability. This research provides a new approach to extending the application range of IgY and improving its comprehensive utilization.
Improved Profuse Clustering and Support Vector Machine Based Detection Model ForDiabetic Retinopathy
Authors: JUIT Praveen Modi , NMIMS Yugal Kumar
Published: October 2024

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a condition that can affect the eyes due to elevated glucose levels in the body and is a leading cause of blindness in diabetic patients. Early detection of DR poses significant challenges for ophthalmologists due to factors such as irrelevant illuminations, blurred and darkened regions, and non-uniform light distribution. Although several algorithms have been developed to address the issues related to the DR, still issues like non-uniform reflectance, overfitting, oversaturation, and biased solutions remain unresolved. This work aims to tackle these issues by presenting an automated model for the effective and accurate diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. The proposed model addresses image saturation problems using a weighted contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (WCLAHE) technique, and removes irregular boundaries with the bilinear interpolation method. Additionally, an enhanced clustering method is employed to identify appropriate segments in fundus images by integrating a kernel-based K-medoids algorithm. Overfitting and biased solution issues are mitigated through an improved support vector machine. The efficiency of the proposed model was evaluated on a fundus image dataset consisting of 3200 images, including both diabetic retinopathy and non-diabetic retinopathy cases. The results are measured in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1-Score, and AUC, and were compared with KNN, SVM, ANN, VGG16, and VGG19 techniques. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 90.06%, sensitivity of 92.13%, specificity of 94.49%, and an F1-Score of 93.29% using a 10-fold cross-validation method.
Knowledge, attitude and practices of people living in Awka Metropolis, on malaria treatment, prevention and control
Authors: Ezejiegu Chinelo , Ozohili Somtochukwu , Anyigor Benjamin , Onwuzuligbo Chukwunonso , Ogwaluonye Uchenna
Published: October 2024

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO), malaria report has consistently shown the poor performances of malaria-endemic countries such as Nigeria in controlling the malaria parasite.
Methods: The study is a cross-sectional mixed quantitative and qualitative analysis. Regarding existing literature on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) on malaria treatment, prevention and control within the study area, a structured questionnaire suiting for the study was drafted with reliability analysis done following the review of the study instrument by three field experts.
Results: The study involved a total of 350 respondents who filled out the questionnaires independently. Sixty percent (60.3%) had good knowledge of malaria prevention methods. Using a Likert scale mean of 3.97, the sample population was shown to have a positive attitude towards the prevention of malaria, also a mean of 3.7 indicated that the population showed a positive attitude to treatment. Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) were poorly used while other methods of prevention were preferred. Above 90% of the participants agreed that malaria is preventable and cited several preventive methods.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the study respondents had good knowledge of malaria infection, treatment and control, although the majority knowing this, do not follow the accurate prevention practices. The study exposed the need to train and retrain the communities on the benefits of adequate prevention and treatment practices as a tool for effective malaria control and eradication.
Real-world Adaptation for enhancedphoto-realistic and semantic Style Transfer in indoor Panoramas
Authors: Tukur Muhammad , Shah Uzair , Jashari Sara , Boraey Yehia , Pintore Giovanni , Gobbetti Enrico , Fetais Noora , Schneider Jens , Agus Marco
Published: October 2024

We present a novel geometry-aware, shading-independent, photo-realistic, andsemantic style transfer method for indoor panoramic scenes—for practical, real-world use. Unlike previous methods requiring separate inputs, our approach employs a multitask dense prediction architecture to infer multiple pixel-wise sig-nals from a single panoramic image. This comprehensive approach automaticallyderives essential signals (depth, semantic layers, shading, and reflectance) from a single 360-degree panoramic indoor photo, significantly enhancing usability for real-world scenarios. Our method extends the capabilities of semantic-aware gen-erative adversarial architectures by introducing two innovative strategies that address the geometric characteristics of indoor scenes and improve overall performance. We incorporate robust geometry losses that utilize layout and depthinference during training to ensure shape consistency between the generatedscenes and the ground truth. Secondly, we employ an hybrid end-to-end edge-driven scheme based on convolutional neural network for performing Intrinsic Image Decomposition (IID) in a way to extract the albedo and normalized shading signals in form of obscurance and highlights from the original scenes. We perform the style transfer on the albedo rather than on full RGB images, effectively preventing shading-related bleeding issues. Additionally, we apply super-resolution to the resulting scenes to enhance image quality and capturefine details. We tested this extended model on both real-world and syntheticdata. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed enhanced architecture outperforms state-of-the-art style transfer models in terms of perceptualand accuracy metrics, achieving an 18.91% lower ArtFID (Art-Fr´echet InceptionDistance), a 13.99% higher PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio), and an 8.99%higher SSIM (Structural Similarity). The visual results show that our method iseffective in producing realistic and visually pleasing indoor scenes for a varietyof applications in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction field.
Soil dryness matters to ecosystem photosynthesis when and where it does
Authors: Liu Jiangong , Wang Qiren , Zhan Weiwei , Lian Xu , Gentine Pierre
Published: October 2024

Projected increases in the intensity and frequency of droughts in the 21st century are expected to cause a significant negative impact on terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP). Yet, the relative impact of soil water supply (indicated by soil moisture) and atmospheric water demand (indicated by vapour pressure deficit, VPD) on GPP remains debated, primarily due to their strong covariations, the presence of confounding factors, and unresolved causal relationships among the interconnected hydrometeorological drivers of GPP. In this study, using a causality-guided explainable artificial intelligence framework, we show that soil moisture is the dominant regulator of water stress, surpassing the role of VPD, when and where soil water supply limits ecosystem functions. Temporally, we use in-situ flux tower data to demonstrate that soil moisture dominates the GPP response during periods of insufficient soil water supply. Spatially, we assess the global spatial patterns of satellite sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (a proxy for GPP) in water-limited regions and demonstrate that they are mostly dominated by soil moisture. Conversely, VPD plays a greater role in controlling the temporal and spatial variations in GPP than soil moisture when and where soil water supply is not limited. The relative role of soil moisture and VPD is modulated by plant adaptation to long-term climatological aridity and plant functional types. Our findings reconcile the ongoing debate over the impacts of soil and atmospheric dryness on ecosystem functions. They provide crucial insights into how terrestrial ecosystems respond to increasing aridity and more frequent droughts, particularly given the potential ecosystem shifts from energy to water limitation.
Mothers' Perceptions of Child Nutrition and Growth Monitoring: Insights and Challenges within Rwanda's National Nutrition Program.
Authors: Rukundo Enock , Sandøy Ingvild Fossgard , Tumusiime David K. , Frøen J. Frederik , Mørkrid Kjersti , Venkateswaran Mahima , Uwera Thaoussi , Papadopoulou Eleni
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Many Rwandan children under the age of two suffer from malnutrition, which affects their physical growth and cognitive development. This study explored the perspectives and attitudes of mothers of children eligible for child growth and nutrition monitoring services to find out how attendance of such services and adherence to treatment may be improved.
Methods: We conducted fifty-two in-depth interviews with purposively sampled mothers of infants below 2 years. The interview guide was developed based on the health belief model. Through deductive thematic analysis, we explored the mothers' perspectives, attitudes towards the program, including perceived strengths and challenges and factors influencing attendance.
Findings: Mothers acknowledged the adverse effects of undernutrition on children’s health. They appreciated the child nutrition services, including nutrition education and food supplementation. In addition, they recognized the contributions of community health workers (CHWs) in conducting home visits and providing education and support for child nutrition. However, they encountered challenges such as long waiting times at health centers which interfered with their caregiving responsibilities and activities to make an income, and stigma associated with seeking treatment for undernutrition.
Conclusion: Poverty was a major barrier to child nutrition service use, despite incentives being provided to the poorest families. Outreach programs, integration of child health services and efforts to reduce the stigma associated with seeking help for undernutrition may improve the utilization of nutrition services and adherence to nutritional advice.
Features of modeling the attacks on the machine learning model using Markov decision-making processes
Authors:   Institute of Digital Technologies, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Kaliningrad State Technical University, Podtopelny Vladislav V
Published: October 2024

The issues that arise when determining the problem of modeling the impact on artificial intelligence models that are integrated into the network infrastructure are considered. Various research methods are presented and characterized, including the MITER methodology used in constructing the network impact vector. The features of using Markov decision-making processes in modeling attack influences are considered. Their significance for various procedures for determining vector parameters is considered. When constructing the modeling specifics, the authors take into account the features of determining the vulnerabilities of artificial intelligence systems. The vector impact of major exploits of vulnerabilities is being studied.
Construction and analysis of check matrices correcting single and double adjacent errors codes
Authors:   Information Technology Security Department, Siberian State University of Science and Technology named after M.F. Reshetneva, Lepeshkina Ekaterina S.
Published: October 2024

One of the consequences of the impact of space radiation on the on-board system equipment of spacecraft is a memory faults. Due to the decrease in the design standards of digital electronic component base, the number of multiple memory faults, in particular double ones, is increasing. To protect against double memory faults, the codes that correct single and double adjacent errors are used. The paper presents the mathematical basis for the use of codes of this type. A statement about the structure of the check matrix necessary to correct single and double adjacent errors is proposed and proven. A general algorithm for finding and correcting single and double adjacent errors in a memory code word is formulated. The statement about the minimum number of check bits for an information word of any length is proven. A general assessment of the complexity of coding operations and error correction in a code word has been carried out depending on the number of check bits and the structures of check matrices. The results of the work can be used to design the devices detecting and correcting errors in the on-board memory of spacecraft.
AVALIAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA DE ASSISTÊNCIA SOCIAL NO BRASIL NEOLIBERAL: INSTRUMENTO DE CONTROLE EXERCIDO PELA POPULAÇÃO OU SOBRE A POPULAÇÃO?
Authors: Alves Adriana Amaral Ferreira
Published: October 2024

O presente estudo voltou-se aos atuais processos de avaliação da Política de Assistência Social no Brasil, que reeditam os tradicionais procedimentos técnico- operativos de controle administrativo-contábil, não tomando como parâmetros os fundamentos constitucionais e a LOAS. Tendo por base o materialismo histórico, procurou-se construir algumas reflexões sobre a condução teórico-metodológica dessas avaliações, no sentido de reorientá-las no exame da realidade e as transformar em meios capazes de subsidiar a luta coletiva pelo redirecionamento ético-político da assistência social.
CULTURA E RESISTÊNCIA POLÍTICA NA NOVA CANÇÓ
Authors: Silva Alberto Moby Ribeiro da
Published: October 2024

Este artigo analisa a cultura e a resistência política na Nova Cançó. Durante as décadas de 1960 e 1970, em vários países, em cada um dos cinco continentes, em quase todos os países, sob os mais variados sistemas políticos, o mundo conheceu uma espécie de sentimento comum de rebeldia entre os jovens. Ao lado das guerras, as manchetes dos jornais falavam da odisséia de 519 milhões de inconformados. Contestando e contestados, uma onda de contestação tomou uma parte significativa da juventude, que lutou com todas as armas para destruir o “velho” e impor o “novo”, mesmo que nem sempre estivesse muito claro o significado dessas duas palavras. Foram anos de luta e recusa, pacífica ou violenta.
MOTIVAÇÃO NO TRABALHO
Authors: Damaso Graziana , Pimentel Messias Rodrigues , Pires Raiane Freitas , Niverso Rafael Simão
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a motivação humana no ambiente de trabalho, uma vez que é de vital importância não só para a administração empresarial, bem como para todos os profissionais, tendo em vista que o "mundo do trabalho" tem passado por diversas transformações, e os trabalhadores devem estar preparados. O objetivo desse trabalho é fazer um paralelo entre teorias e "mundo real", mostrando o quanto a motivação pode ser influenciada internamente ou externamente e qual a opinião das pessoas em relação ao seu trabalho, usando como ferramentas as Teorias Motivacionais apresentadas por Maslow, Herzberg, Vroom e Lawler, na busca de obter melhores resultados.
Public Food Service Field Vocabulary in the Content of Teaching Russian Language to Chinese Students
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Chepinskaya Marina A.
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the problem of teaching foreign students the public catering service vocabulary. The object of the study is the lexical-semantic group of public catering enterprises’ names, which content and linguo-methodological potential are assessed according to the dictionaries and Russian as a foreign language basic vocabulary of the 1st–3rd certification level data. To include this vocabulary group in the educational process, lexicographic analysis of the Russian language ideographic dictionaries method was used, as well as the questioning method conducted among Chinese students of higher educational institutions in order to identify the amount of knowledge about the public catering service field in Russia and the content of this lexical-semantic vocabulary group. Based on the results of quantitative and meaningful processing of the survey data, it is proposed to expand the educational lexical-semantic group of public catering enterprises names in order to teach the Russian language to Chinese students, due to the need of deeper acquaintance with the Russian everyday life culture and increase of the urban communication level. A learning system for foreign students based on the digital storytelling method and including not only linguistic information itself, but also background knowledge about the culture of public catering service in Russia (on the example of St. Petersburg) is proposed. The prospects of the research are related to the evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed teaching methodology, which is a modern linguodidactic tool that implements the principle of polymodality and corresponds to the modern trends in teaching Russian as a foreign language, as well as to the creation of a learning dictionary.
Integrated Single-cell RNA-seq and Bulk RNA-seq Identify Diagnostic Biomarkers for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Wang Hanyu , Peng Chong , Hu Guangbing , Chen Wenhao , Hu Yong , Pi Honglin
Published: October 2024

Aim:

We aimed to explore diagnostic biomarkers of postmenopausal osteoporosis
(PMOP).

Background:

PMOP brings enormous physical and economic burden to elderly women.

Methods:

Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to
identify osteoporosis-related hub genes. Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of osteoporosis
was depicted and the heterogeneity of monocytes was analyzed, based on which the biomarkers
for osteoporosis were screened. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted
on the biomarkers. The diagnostic model (nomogram) was established and evaluated
based on the expression levels of biomarkers. Additionally, the transcription factor
(TF) regulatory network was constructed to predict the potential TF and targeted miRNA
of biomarkers. The drugs with significant correlation with biomarkers were identified
by Spearman correlation analysis.

Results:

We obtained 30 osteoporosis-associated hub genes. 9 cell types were identified,
and the monocytes were subdivided to 4 subtypes. Three biomarkers, DHX29, LSM5,
and UBE2V2, were screened. DHX29 and UBE2V2 were highly expressed in non-classical
monocytes, while LSM5 exhibited the highest expression in other monocytes, followed
by non-classical monocytes. GSEA indicated that osteoporosis may be correlated
with vascular calcification and the biomarkers may be involved in the formation of immune
cells. Then, nomogram was constructed and exhibited good robustness. In addition,
MYC and SETDB1 were the shared IF in three biomarkers, which may play critical
regulatory roles in the progression of osteoporosis. Moreover, 41, 49, and 68 drugs
appeared significant correlations with DHX29, LSM5, and UBE2V2, respectively.

Conclusion:

This study provided a basis for early diagnosis and targeted treatment of osteoporosis.

conclusion:

In a word, DHX29, LSM5, and UBE2V2 were identified as the candidate biomarkers, which provided a basis for early diagnosis and targeted treatment of osteoporosis.
The Punicalagin Compound Mitigates Bronchial Epithelial Cell Senescence Induced by Cigarette Smoke Extract through the PAR2/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Xu Jianguo , Li Xin , Zeng Xiaoli , Bao Hairong , Liu Xiaoju
Published: October 2024

Background:

Tobacco smoke is an important inducer of airway epithelial cell
aging. Punicalagin(PCG) is a natural anti-aging compound. The effect of PCG on tobacco
smoke-induced airway epithelial cell senescence is unknown.

Objective:

Our study investigated whether PCG can treat the human bronchial epithelial
cell line (BEAS-2B) aging by inhibiting the protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2)/m-
TOR pathway.

Methods:

Bioinformatics techniques were used to analyze the potential biological functions
of PAR2. Molecular dynamics evaluated the binding ability of PCG and PAR2.
The CCK8 assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of CSE and PCG. The activity of
the PAR2/mTOR pathway and the expression of the characteristic aging markers p16,
p21, and SIRT1 are detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Cell senescence was observed
by Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. The senescence-associated
secretory phenotype (SASP): concentrations of interleukin IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-
α were detected by ELISA.

Results:

The GSE57148 bioinformatics analysis dataset showed that PAR2 regulates
lung senescence through the mTOR signaling pathway. Molecular dynamics results
found that PCG and PAR2 had a strong and stable binding force. CSE induces
BEAS-2B cell senescence and activates the PAR2/mTOR pathway. Inhibition of PAR2
mitigated the senescence changes. In addition, PCG's pretreatment can significantly alleviate
CSE-induced BEAS-2B cell senescence while inhibiting the PAR2/mTOR pathway.

Conclusion:

PCG has a therapeutic effect on the senescence of airway epithelial cells.
Study on the Antidepressant Effect of Zhizichi Decoction by Regulating Metabolism and Intestinal Flora
Authors: Dong WanRu , Hu ShuFa , Yu JiaMin , Liu Ying , Zeng ShuTing , Duan Xiaodong , Deng YongAn , Wang Yi , Yin Jian , Xing Beiyu , Shu Zunpeng
Published: October 2024

Background:

The incidence of depression is increasing year by year, and Zhizichi
Decoction（ZZCD）has shown significant efficiency in the clinical treatment of mild depression,
but its mechanism of action is still unclear. In this research, network pharmacology and
metagenomics combined and metabolomics were used as research methods to explain the scientific
connotation of the antidepressant effect of ZZCD from the aspects of the overall effect of
organisms and microbial structure and function.

Methods:

The rat model of depression was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress
(CUMS), and the improvement of depressive symptoms was evaluated by behavioral and histopathological
methods. Network pharmacology predicted possible targets and important pathways
of ZZCD. Metabolomics revealed its possible related biological pathways. Metagenomics
showed the disturbance of ZZCD on intestinal microbial diversity structure and associated biological
functions in depressed rats.

Results:

ZZCD can improve the behavioral performance of CUMS rats, and can significantly
regulate the content of 5-HT, NE and other neurotransmitters in serum and brain tissue, and improve
the damaged state of neurons in the hippocampus. Network pharmacology predicts that it
mainly acts on biological processes such as inflammatory response and oxidative stress response.
Metabolomics found that it affected metabolic pathways such as amino acid metabolism and lipid
metabolism. The results of metagenomics showed that it significantly regulated the abundance
of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The above results predicted that it may affect signaling
pathways such as the nervous system, inflammatory diseases and cell processing.

Conclusion:

ZZCD may play an antidepressant role by regulating intestinal probiotics, energy
metabolism, and inflammation reduction. This provides a scientific basis for the clinical application
of ZZCD in traditional Chinese medicine and also makes it an optional alternative for the
treatment of depression.
Correlation Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Metabolic Indexes in General Physical Examination People
Authors: Qu Xue , Xiong Hua-zhong , Qu Dong-qi , Liu Hang , Xu Xiao-xuan , Sun Rui , Liu Yang-yang
Published: October 2024

Objective:

Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution type general
medical patients and the relationship between the metabolic index.

Methods:

A cohort of 1,029 general individuals who underwent a physical examination at the
Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine for identification of their
TCM constitution between January 2021 and April 2023 were included in this study. Their data
were sorted and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS26.0 statistical software.

Results:

Among the 1029 study participants, the balanced constitution (BC) type was the most
prevalent (33.24%), and the blood stasis constitution (BSC) type was the least prevalent
(2.62%). Compared with BC, phlegm-dampness constitution (PDC) (P=0.000), yang-deficiency
constitution (YADC) (P=0.000) and BSC (P=0.008) had significant differences in body mass
index (BMI) (P<α). The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of PDC was different (P=0.042, P<α).
There was a significant difference in diastolic blood pressure (P=0.001, P<α). The diastolic
blood pressure (DBP) of YADC was significantly different (P=0.001, P<α). Yin-deficiency
constitution (YIDC) (P = 0.007) and YADC differences between fasting blood glucose (FBG)
(P = 0.025) were significantly (P<α). There were significant differences in uric acid (UA) of
YADC (P=0.000), BSC (P=0.004), PDC (P=0.007) and qi-stagnation constitution (QSC)
(P=0.012, P<α). The triglyceride (TG) of YADC (P=0.000) and PDC (P=0.005) were significantly
different (P<α). There was a difference in total cholesterol (TC) between PDC (P=0.046)
and BC (P<α). BSC (P = 0.028) and PDC (P = 0.023) of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDL-C) also had a significant difference (P<α).

Conclusion:

People with PDC, YADC and BSC had more abnormal metabolic indexes than
people with BC, and the metabolic indexes of people with YIDC constitution were different
from those with BC. Individuals with these four TCM constitution types should pay attention to
making appropriate changes in lifestyles and dietary habits and take required measures to prevent
the incidence and development of metabolic diseases.
Exploration of the Relationship between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Based on Bioinformatics
Authors: Wu Yuanyuan , Qin Linyu , He Guozhen , Luo Zhijuan , Luo Songping
Published: October 2024

Background:

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
(PCOS) are both common diseases involving women of childbearing age, and their pathogenesis
is still not sufficiently known.

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the relationship between RPL and PCOS in bioinformatics.

Methods:

Two expression chips, GSE86241 (obtained from 8 PCOS patients and 9 healthy controls)
and GSE73025 (obtained from 5 RPL patients and 5 healthy controls), were downloaded
from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We used the GEO database to analyze the
gene expression profiles of PCOS and RPL to identify the intersection of abnormal miRNA expression,
predicted the target genes of the intersecting miRNAs from miRDB, miRTarBase, and
TargetScan databases, and then incorporated the miRNA-mRNA modulation network. By using
the string database, the PPI network was built, which could screen the Hub genes and enrich
them for analysis. Ultimately, the critical miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was set on the
basis of the relationship between hub genes and miRNA.

Results:

A total of 39 significantly altered miRNAs of PCOS and 137 significantly altered
miRNAs of RPL were obtained, three miRNAs (miR-767-5p, miR-3196, and miR-187-3p), five
signaling pathways (PI3K-Akt, p53, Toll-like receptor, C-type lectin receptor, and TNF signaling
pathways), and six Hub genes (CASP8, PIK3R1, ADAMTS2, ADAMTS3, COL3A1, and
MDM2) were found to be related to the development and progression of two diseases. More
importantly, all Hub genes were regulated by miR-767-5p.

Conclusion:

This research clarifies the possible relationship between miRNA and mRNA with
PCOS and RPL for the first time. It provides a basis for illustrating the pathogenic mechanism
and a target of therapies for these two diseases.
Multilevel Inverters: An Exploration of Topologies, Advantages, and Limitations
Authors: Sutradhar Dipankar , Das Bikram
Published: October 2024

It presents a thorough analysis of Multilevel Inverter (MLI) topologies. The standard
two-level converters are expensive, heavy, and cause substantial switching loss in order to obtain
the sinusoidal output waveform. This is due to the requirement of the filter circuit. Multilevel Inverter
topologies are becoming increasingly popular in power electronics inverters as a solution to
this issue in recent years. The Multilevel Inverter configuration, which generates output voltage in
more than two levels to get the stepped voltage minimizing total harmonic distortion (THD) and
lowering switching frequencies, eliminates the need for bulky transformers and filter circuits. To
assess the inverter efficiency, the optimal output voltage with less harmonic content requires the
correct switching mechanism. In order to achieve excellent power quality and minimal switching
loss, the power consumption must also be taken into consideration while choosing the topology
and control method. However, because separate gate drivers are used for the switching components,
it is vital to reduce count of semiconductors because this increases the complexity of the
circuit. The advantages, disadvantages, and applications of MLI topologies are deliberated in this
work.
Recent Progress in Nanoemulsion Technology for the Management of Hepatic Diseases
Authors: Sarthi Soniya , Bhardwaj Harish , Jangde Rajendra Kumar
Published: October 2024

Liver diseases pose a significant global health concern, particularly prevalent in developing
nations, often induced by chemical exposure and high drug doses. Hepatic toxicity not only
affects liver function but also extends to adjacent tissues, leading to diminished overall body function
and necessitating effective treatment strategies. Despite modern medical advancements, stimulating
liver function, protecting against damage, and promoting cell regeneration remain challenging
tasks. Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS), notably nanoemulsions, present promising avenues
for addressing hepatic disorders. Nanoemulsions, characterized by biphasic dispersions of
immiscible liquids stabilized by surfactants, possess unique drug-loading capabilities and viscoelastic
properties that render them ideal candidates for liver-related conditions. However, their development,
manufacturing, and manipulation for hepatic disorders are constrained by the partial
applicability of conventional emulsion principles. This comprehensive review delves into various
aspects of liver function, disease types, nanoemulsions, associated limitations and challenges, ongoing
clinical trials, patents, and their inherent advantages. By shedding light on recent advancements
in Nanoemulsion for hepatoprotective activity management, the review aims to illuminate
the potential of tailored drug delivery systems in revolutionizing hepatic disease management. Exploring
Nanoemulsion for hepatoprotective activity management signifies a crucial step toward offering
targeted and efficient treatment modalities for liver diseases. Harnessing the unique capabilities
of nanoemulsions could lead to significant improvements in patient outcomes and quality of
life, thereby addressing the pressing global health concern posed by hepatic disorders.
Development and Characterization of Nanoparticulate Hydrogel Loaded with Extract of Fernandoa Adenophylla
Authors: Yadav Roshan , Chawra Himmat Singh , Dubey Gaurav , Alam Md. Sabir , Kumar Vikram , Yadav Tejpal
Published: October 2024

Background:

This study aims to construct a hydrogel that contains PEG 4000 nanopar-ticles loaded with an extract from Fernandoa adenophylla (FA). Since Fernandoa Adenophylla fruit extract has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antifungal properties, an effort was made to increase the extract's effectiveness by forming it into nanoparticulate hydrogel, which may be a viable substitute for traditional formulations of Fernandoa Adenophylla extract by providing the added advantages of transdermal application's superior penetration qualities and prolonged release.

Objective:

The objective of this formulation is to develop a formulation for transdermal delivery to get maximum penetration and prolong the release of phytoconstituents present in the extract of Fernandoa adenophylla and to use the maximum potential of FA phytoconstituents in the form of various pharmacological activities like anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and skin dis-eases, etc.

Methodology:

In this work, the fruit of Fernandoa Adenophylla was macerated in hot water with methanol to extract the active components. By employing the nanoprecipitation technique with PEG 4000 as the polymer, Tween 80 as the surfactant, and dimethyl sulfoxide as the organic phase solvent, the crude extracts were transformed into polymeric nanoparticles. The gel matrix, containing Carbopol 940 as the base, was combined with the polymeric nanoparticles.

Result:

The polymeric nanoparticles exhibited a somewhat spherical shape, with a z-average of 323.7 to 882.6 nm, PDI between 0.301 to 0.692, and zeta potential between -13.1 and -18.0 mV, with a maximum drug entrapment percentage of 90.36%. High viscosity, neutral pH, and good spreadability were demonstrated by nanoparticulate hydrogel compositions, making them appro-priate for transdermal application. A sustained drug release of 93.30% from the improved formu-lation was seen in vitro for up to 24 hours.

Conclusion:

Nanoparticlulate hydrogel can be employed as a carrier to deliver Fernandoa Ad-enophylla extract transdermally.
SN-YOLOv5s: Ship Target Detection Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv5s Algorithm
Authors: Liu Pengjie , Chi Mingshan , Zhang Qiang , Mi Yongfa , Ning Xinyi
Published: October 2024

Background:

With the development of intelligent ship technology, computer vision
technology has been widely utilized in the field of maritime monitoring. This is of great significance
in ensuring the safety of navigation and improving the efficiency of shipping. However,
complex and changing sea conditions and arbitrary traveling ships pose more accurate and
faster requirements for the target detection algorithm used in the intelligent ship systems.

Objective:

The primary objective of this paper is to propose an optimized version of the ship
lightweight target detection algorithm based on YOLOv5s architecture. This enhancement involves
the innovative fusion of the Shufflenetv2 network and the NAM attention mechanism,
collectively termed as SN-YOLOv5s. This integration seeks to elevate the algorithm’s performance
in detecting ship targets, offering improved accuracy and efficiency.

Methods:

Firstly, the Shufflenetv2 network and NAM attention mechanism are used to replace
the backbone network, significantly reducing the number of network parameters and improves
the model detection accuracy. Secondly, in the process of converting the feature map to a
fixed-size feature vector, SimSPPF is used to replace the fast pyramid pooling SPPF module,
ensuring the efficiency and minimizing information loss. Lastly, EIOU is utilized to replace the
bounding box regression loss function CIOU to make the model converge faster and with higher
accuracy.

Results:

Test results on the SeaShips dataset show that compared to the original YOLOv5s
network, the average accuracy of target detection using the SN-YOLOv5s network is improved
by 4.7%, the amount of computation is reduced by 40%, the amount of parameters is reduced
by 20.6%, and the volume of model weights is decreased by 15.4%.

Conclusion:

The experimental results fully demonstrate that the algorithm can significantly
reduce the running cost of the model and improve the detection accuracy of the model, thus effectively
guaranteeing the efficiency and quality of ship target detection.
Cyclooxygenases: From Prostaglandin Synthesis to Innovative Therapies for Inflammation
Authors: Sharma Sumeet , Sharma Prerna , Rani Nidhi
Published: October 2024

Cyclooxygenases are enzymes involved in prostaglandin synthesis, a part of the inflammatory
process. The most frequently applied anti-inflammatory drugs are NSAIDs; however, these
medications exhibit very serious side effects, and often, reduce production or are withdrawn
from the market. Recently, researchers were focused on finding new, safe, selective COX-2 inhibitors
with safety features. This paper reviews cyclooxygenase enzyme malfunction-related diseases,
current therapies and new drug discovery opportunities. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases
are enzymes involved in the synthesis of prostanoid peptides through the oxidation of nitric oxide
and pyruvate phosphate. They are participating factors for various physiological and pathological
processes, which include disorders of the oral tissues such as periodontitis, pulpitis, and oral cancer.
This paper is a review of some pharmaceutical products in terms of history, efficiency, and
possible side effects as inhibitors of the Cyclooxygenase enzyme. The analysis concludes that
more recent Cox inhibitors, such as dietary modifications and natural supplements, hold promise
for safer and more efficient treatment of diseases involving Cox enzyme function.
A Comprehensive Review of Acanthosis Nigricans: Pathogenesis, Clinical manifestation and Management
Authors: Shiana  , Parmar Shivika , Guleria Priyanka , Jindal Shammy , Ashawat M.S , Kumar Pravin
Published: October 2024

Background:

Acanthosis Nigricans is a dermatological condition characterized by hyperpigmented
velvet plaques that can be observed in flexural areas such as the neck, axilla, and
groin. AN is frequently associated with insulin resistance and obesity, however, it can also appear
in non-obese people and as a paraneoplastic disease. Its prevalence varies across different populations,
with higher rates observed in individuals with obesity, diabetes, and certain genetic syndromes.
Classification of AN can be based on underlying etiology, distinguishing primary and secondary
forms. Pathogenesis is the complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors,
with insulin resistance playing a central role. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation of characteristics
of skin changes, often requiring further investigation for underlying systemic disease. Topical
therapies involve keratolytic agents, retinoids, and alpha hydroxyl acids to improve the cosmesis
and reduce the plaque's thickness. Treatment strategies address underlying conditions by emphasizing
lifestyle modifications and in some cases, pharmacological interventions.

Objective:

This review aims to comprehensively examine the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation,
and management of acanthosis nigricans.

Discussion:

AN is closely linked to insulin resistance, characterized by impaired cellular response
to insulin, leading to compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Recognizing AN’s clinical presentation is
paramount for early diagnosis and appropriate management.

Conclusion:

Acanthosis Nigricans is a skin condition characterized by dark, thickened patches of
skin, typically occurring in skin folds and creases. It can be a sign of an underlying health issue
such as insulin resistance, obesity, hormonal disorders, or certain medications. Proper diagnosis
and management of the underlying conditions are crucial. Treatment may involve addressing the
underlying causes, lifestyle changes, and topical medications to improve the appearance of the
skin. Regular monitoring and follow-up with a health care professional are essential for optimal
management and to prevent complications.
An Analysis of Physics Learning Motivation Using a Case Study-Based Learning Motivation Assessment Instrument
Authors: Setiaji Bayu , Wiyatmo Yusman , Diyana Tsania Nur , Pujianto Pujianto , Gustama Malik Wira , Vidaroini Saadah , Solehati Cahyaningrum , Sakinata Asya Maulida , Febriani Febriani , Bunma Chancira
Published: October 2024

Learning motivation is important to support successful learning. This article discusses the analysis of high school learning motivation and the development of a learning motivation assessment instrument. This is due to the lack of instrument development based on case studies. It used a case study-based instrument developed with the 4D model. The study results show that the developed learning motivation assessment instrument is valid and reliable. Through this instrument, students' motivation to learn physics can be classified into low, medium, and high. Through analysis, the treatment of each group can be seen so that learning motivation can increase. At the low level, it can be increased by varying learning models, learning resources, and learning media. While for the second level, namely the average, it needs to be increased again by building more intense communication with students. For the highest level, it can be in the form of learning with more interesting learning resources and physics assignments.
The Effect of Carbon Emission Disclosure and Environmental Costs On Financial Performance with Environmental Performance as a Moderating Factor
Authors: Fauziah Dewi Ainun , Puspita Dewi Ayu
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe research was conducted to test the disclosure of carbon emissions and environmental costs and their impact on environmental costs, with financial performance as its moderation. The study used an explanatory research method with 72 manufacturing companies listed in the BEI during the period 2018–2022 as a sample. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The data sources used are secondary data, namely sustainability reports and annual company reports of samples analyzed using moderate regression analysis (MRA). According to research, disclosure of carbon emissions has no effect on financial performance; environmental costs have an impact on financial performance; carbon disclosures have an impact on financial performance by moderating environmental performance; and carbon disclosure has an impact on financial performance by moderating environmental performance.Keywords: Carbon Emissions, Environmental Costs, Financial Performance, Environmental Performance, ManufacturedABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan guna menguji pengungkapan emisi karbon dan biaya lingkungan berdampak pada biaya lingkungan dengan kinerja keuangan sebagai moderasinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode explanatory research dengan 72 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI selama periode 2018-2022 sebagai sampel. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang dipakai menggunakan purposive sampling. Sourch data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yakni laporan keberlanjutan dan annual report perusahaan sampel yang dianalisis menggunakan Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengungkapan emisi karbon tidak mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan; biaya lingkungan mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan; pengungkapan emisi karbon mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan dengan dimoderasi kinerja lingkungan; dan pengungkapan emisi karbon mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan dengan dimoderasi kinerja lingkungan.Kata kunci: Emisi Karbon, Biaya Lingkungan, Kinerja Keuangan, Kinerja Lingkungan, Manufaktur
Determinant Of Audit Delay Among Banking Companies In Indonesia
Authors: Nurhaliza Safira Putri , Mustikawati Rr. Indah
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the influence of company size, solvency, audit committee meeting frequency, and auditor switching on audit delay among banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020-2022 period. Using data from 42 banking companies over three years, this research employs multiple linear regression to examine the impact of these variables on audit delay. The results indicate that the frequency of audit committee meetings significantly reduces audit delay, while company size, solvency, and auditor switching do not have a significant effect. The implications of these findings highlight the importance of increasing the frequency of audit committee meetings to ensure timely financial reporting, which in turn enhances transparency and public trust in companies.Keywords: Company Size, Solvency, Frequency of Audit Committee Meetings, Auditor Switching, Audit Delay ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengujji pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, solvabilitas, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, solvabilitas, frekuensi rapat komite audit, dan pergantian auditor terhadap audit delay pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2020-2022. Dengan menggunakan data dari 42 perusahaan perbankan selama tiga tahun, penelitian ini menerapkan metode regresi linier berganda untuk melihat pengaruh variabel-variabel tersebut terhadap audit delay. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi rapat komite audit berpengaruh signifikan dalam mengurangi audit delay, sementara ukuran perusahaan, solvabilitas, dan pergantian auditor tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Implikasi dari temuan ini adalah pentingnya meningkatkan frekuensi rapat komite audit untuk memastikan ketepatan waktu pelaporan keuangan, yang dapat memperkuat transparansi dan kepercayaan publik terhadap perusahaan.Kata Kunci: Ukuran Perusahaan, Solvabilitas, Frekuensi Pertemuan Komite Audit, Auditor Switching, Audit Delay
Use of Plasma-Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) in the Treatment of Acne
Authors: Vargas Elga Jhoanna , Martinez Julio Cesar , Gomez Lina Andrea
Published: October 2024

Acne is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the pilosebaceous units of the skin, characterized by the formation of papules, cysts, comedones, pustules, nodules, and scars. These lesions are typically located on the face and shoulders, although they can extend to the trunk, arms, and legs. In regenerative medicine, biomolecules are fundamental to tissue regeneration. The use of growth factors from autologous platelet-rich plasma emerges as a promising alternative in the treatment of acne and scars. This study aimed to describe the case of a patient with moderate papulopustular acne treated with autologous plasma-rich growth factors (PRGF). The patient received three applications of the treatment at one-month intervals, improving the appearance of scars and active acne lesions. Proteins released from platelets help regulate inflammation, inhibit bacterial growth (Cutibacterium acnes), and restore collagen. PRGF is emerging as a therapeutic alternative in dermatology and aesthetic medicine.