bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parallel electric fields produced by the ionospheric injection
Authors: Saka Osuke
Published: January 2023

Abstract. It is well known that there exists a thin layer in lower boundary of the ionosphere between altitudes of 80 km and 140 km in which collisional ions and collisionless electrons mix. Local breakdown of charge neutrality may be initiated in this layer by electric fields from the magnetosphere as well as by electric fields generated there by the local neutral winds. The breakdown may be momentarily canceled by the Pedersen currents, but a complete neutralization is prevented because some ionospheric plasmas are released as outflows by parallel electric fields. Those parallel electric fields are produced by inherent plasma processes in the polar ionosphere and act as auroral drivers in the topside ionosphere.
Assessing the coastal hazard of medicane Ianos through ensemble modelling
Authors: Ferrarin Christian , Pantillon Florian , Davolio Silvio , Bajo Marco , Miglietta Mario Marcello , Avolio Elenio , Carrió Diego S. , Pytharoulis Ioannis , Sanchez Claudio , Patlakas Platon , González-Alemán Juan Jesús , Flaounas Emmanouil
Published: January 2023

Abstract. On 18 September 2020, medicane Ianos hit the western coast of Greece resulting in flooding and severe damage at several coastal locations. In this work, we aim at evaluating its impact on sea conditions and the associated uncertainty through the use of an ensemble of numerical simulations. We applied a coupled wave-current model to an unstructured mesh representing the whole Mediterranean Sea, with a grid resolution increasing in the Ionian Sea along the cyclone path and the landfall area. To investigate the uncertainty of modelling sea levels and waves for such an intense event, we performed a multimodel ensemble of ocean simulations using several coarse (10 km) and high-resolution (2 km) meteorological forcings from different mesoscale models. The performance of the ocean and wave models was evaluated against observations retrieved from fixed monitoring stations and satellites. All model runs emphasized the occurrence of severe sea conditions along the cyclone path and at the coast. Due to the rugged and complex coastline, extreme sea levels are localised at specific coastal sites. However, numerical results show a large spread of the simulated sea conditions for both the sea level and waves highlighting the large uncertainty in simulating this kind of extreme event. The multi-model / multi-physics approach allows us to assess how the uncertainty propagates from meteorological to ocean variables and the subsequent coastal impact. The ensemble mean and standard deviation were combined to prove the hazard scenarios of the potential impact of such an extreme event to be used in a flood risk management plan.
The Influence of Carbon Cycling on Oxygen Depletion in North-Temperate Lakes
Authors: Delany Austin , Ladwig Robert , Buelo Cal , Albright Ellen , Hanson Paul C
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Hypolimnetic oxygen depletion during summer stratification in lakes can lead to hypoxic and anoxic conditions. Hypolimnetic anoxia is a water quality issue with many consequences, including reduced habitat for cold-water fish species, reduced quality of drinking water, and increased nutrient and organic carbon (OC) release from sediments. Both allochthonous and autochthonous OC loads contribute to oxygen depletion by providing substrate for microbial respiration; however, their relative importance in depleting oxygen across diverse lake systems remains uncertain. Lake characteristics, such as trophic state, hydrology, and morphometry are also influential in carbon cycling processes and may impact oxygen depletion dynamics. To investigate the effects of carbon cycling on hypolimnetic oxygen depletion, we used a two-layer process-based lake model to simulate daily metabolism dynamics for six Wisconsin lakes over twenty years (1995–2014). Physical processes and internal metabolic processes were included in the model and were used to predict dissolved oxygen (DO), particulate OC (POC), and dissolved OC (DOC). In our study of oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and eutrophic lakes, we found autochthony to be far more important than allochthony to hypolimnetic oxygen depletion. Autochthonous POC respiration in the water column contributed the most towards hypolimnetic oxygen depletion in the eutrophic study lakes. POC water column respiration and sediment respiration had similar contributions in the mesotrophic and oligotrophic study lakes. Differences in source of respiration are discussed with consideration of lake productivity, hydrology, and morphometry.
Evaluation of global teleconnections in CMIP6 climate projections using complex networks
Authors: Dalelane Clementine , Winderlich Kristina , Walter Andreas
Published: January 2023

Abstract. In climatological research, the evaluation of climate models is one of the central research subjects. As an expression of large-scale dynamical processes, global teleconnections play a major role in interannual to decadal climate variability. Their realistic representation is an indispensable requirement for the simulation of climate change, both natural and anthropogenic. Therefore, the evaluation of global teleconnections is of utmost importance when assessing the physical plausibility of climate projections. We present an application of the graph-theoretical analysis tool δ-MAPS, which constructs complex networks on the basis of spatio-temporal gridded data sets, here sea surface temperature and geopotential height at 500 hPa. Complex networks complement more traditional methods in the analysis of climate variability, like the classification of circulation regimes or empirical orthogonal functions, assuming a new non-linear perspective. While doing so, a number of technical tools and metrics, borrowed from different fields of data science, are implemented into the δ-MAPS framework in order to overcome specific challenges posed by our target problem. Those are trend empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs), distance correlation and distance multicorrelation, and the structural similarity index. δ-MAPS is a two-stage algorithm. In the first place, it assembles grid cells with highly coherent temporal evolution into so-called domains. In a second step, the teleconnections between the domains are inferred by means of the non-linear distance correlation. We construct 2 unipartite and 1 bipartite network for 22 historical CMIP6 climate projections and 2 century-long coupled reanalyses (CERA-20C and 20CRv3). Potential non-stationarity is taken into account by the use of moving time windows. The networks derived from projection data are compared to those from reanalyses. Our results indicate that no single climate projection outperforms all others in every aspect of the evaluation. But there are indeed models which tend to perform better/worse in many aspects. Differences in model performance are generally low within the geopotential height unipartite networks but higher in sea surface temperature and most pronounced in the bipartite network representing the interaction between ocean and atmosphere.
Time of emergence of compound events: contribution of univariate and dependence properties
Authors: François Bastien , Vrac Mathieu
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Many climate-related disasters often result from a combination of several climate phenomena, also referred to as “compound events’’ (CEs). By interacting with each other, these phenomena can lead to huge environmental and societal impacts, at a scale potentially far greater than any of these climate events could have caused separately. Marginal and dependence properties of the climate phenomena forming the CEs are key statistical properties characterising their probabilities of occurrence. In this study, we propose a new methodology to assess the time of emergence of CE probabilities, which is critical for mitigation strategies and adaptation planning. Using copula theory, we separate and quantify the contribution of marginal and dependence properties to the overall probability changes of multivariate hazards leading to CEs. It provides a better understanding of how the statistical properties of variables leading to CEs evolve and contribute to the change in their occurrences. For illustrative purposes, the methodology is applied over a 13-member multi-model ensemble (CMIP6) to two case studies: compound wind and precipitation extremes over the region of Brittany (France), and frost events occurring during the growing season preconditioned by warm temperatures (growing-period frost) over central France. For compound wind and precipitation extremes, results show that probabilities emerge before the end of the 21st century for six models of the CMIP6 ensemble considered. For growing-period frosts, significant changes of probability are detected for 11 models. Yet, the contribution of marginal and dependence properties to these changes in probabilities can be very different from one climate hazard to another, and from one model to another. Depending on the CE, some models place strong importance on both marginal properties and dependence properties for probability changes. These results highlight the importance of considering changes in both marginal and dependence properties, as well as their inter-model variability, for future risk assessments related to CEs.
KAÇAKÇILIK SUÇUNDAN ELDE EDİLEN EŞYANIN KULLANIM AMACIYLA SATIN ALINMASININ VEYA KABUL EDİLMESİNİN SUÇ EŞYASININ SATIN ALINMASI VEYA KABUL EDİLMESİ SUÇU BAĞLAMINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: BOZDAĞ Ahmet
Published: January 2023

Kaçakçılık suçu işlenerek elde edilen eşya veya diğer malvarlığı değerlerinin, kaçakçılık suçuna iştirak etmiş kişiler dışındaki diğer kişiler tarafından suçtan elde edildiği bilinerek kullanım amacıyla satın alınması, kabul edilmesi (bağış, kira, trampa) veya bulundurulması fiilleri, suç eşyasının satın alınması veya kabul edilmesi suçunu oluşturacaktır. Bu nedenle kullanım amacıyla kaçak sigara, akaryakıt, çay, tütün, telefon, her türlü elektronik eşya, otomobil ile diğer eşyaları satın alan, bulunduran veya kabul edenler hakkında TCK’nın 165. maddesinde düzenlenmiş olan suç eşyasının satın alınması veya kabul edilmesi suçundan ceza soruşturması ve kovuşturması yapılması ve ayrıca ele geçirilen eşya hakkında da müsadere kararı verilmesi gerekir.

Bu konudaki yanlış uygulamaların ve anlaşılmaların düzeltilmesi amacıyla Yargıtay içtihat oluşturması yararlı olacaktır.
New trends of the gratuitous contracts in online area
Authors: Cojocaru Violeta , Cara-Rusnac Aliona
Published: January 2023

Gratuitous contracts subscribed in online area are seen more as the exception of the general rule. Online area is a perfect medium for commercializing products, as electronic products came in large numbers in particular in times of pandemics, contracting them with gratuitous title being offered by professionals as an accessory to the main contract, being offered as accessory gifts to the main acquisition. This research will analyze the risks of concluding contracts with gratuitous electronic title. In this study we will analyze the legislative aspects of gratuitous contracts concluded in the online environment. At the same time, in the conclusion we will present the advantages and disadvantages of concluding contracts for gratuitous in the online environment, with recommendations for the regulation of the protection of the parties that conclude contracts for free in the online environment.
First finding of Late Silurian conodonts from the "Orthoceras Limestones", Camdag Area (NW Turkey): prelilninary constraints for the palaeogeography
Authors: Kozlu Hüseyin , Göncüoglu Yakut , Sarmiento Graciela , Göncüoğlu Mehmet Cemal
Published: January 2023

The Paleozoic succession of the Camdag area is located between the Paleozoic rocks of the Istanbul and Zonguldak terranes in NW Turkey and has a key location for the paleogeographic position of these terranes. The Silurian deposits in this area includes from bottom to top: the Black Shale Member (gray to greenish gray, well cleaved shales with minor black siltstone and limy shale interlayers), the Shale-Limestone Member (black shales with limestone and dolomitic limestone interlayers), and the Shale-Si Itstone Member (alternation of black shales, light gray quartz-rich siltstones with few limestone lenses) that is concordantly followed by Lower Devonian deposits. The "Orthoceras Limestones" of the midc\le member yielded a poorly preserved conodont fauna indicating a Pridoli age. By this, the Paleozoic of the Camdag is considered to be the eastern continuation of the Istanbul Terrane. Moreover, this new finding of Late Silurian black shale - "Orthoceras Limestone" assemblage in NW Turkey, which is a wide spread paleogeographic marker in the Camic Alps and elsewhere in Europe may help to correlations with coeval and analogous facies of other paleobiogeographic areas in the peri-Gondwanan realm.
COURTS' ROLES IN CLAIMING LIMITED LIABILITY AND SEPARATE LEGAL PERSONALITY: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Shujat Ali Khan Qadir Ullah, Ayesha Durrani ,
Published: January 2023

The globalization of trade and business is covertly altering the existing legal landscape. As a result of globalization, we have seen an increase in the circulation of goods, services, and financial arrangements across the entire world. Large publicly traded corporations are no longer the dominant force on the global stage. Business opportunities are being pursued by corporations that are privately held as well as publicly held through the use of branches, foreign subsidiaries, and joint ventures. In this article, we discussed a critical analysis in light of different cases, and for critical analysis, the qualitative research methodology has been applied.
The Use of Mediation as Alternative Tax Dispute Resolution
Authors: . Noviansyah , Gayo Sabela
Published: January 2023

Legal remedies that can be taken by taxpayers in the event of a tax dispute by filing an objection to the objection institution located in the Directorate General of taxes. This objection is essentially a legal remedy that is outside the Tax Court to seek justice in tax disputes. The problem is that there are several weaknesses related to fairness to objection institutions in processing objections that exist today, namely: the psychological pressure on the objection reviewer, the organizational structure that is not independent, human resource management, especially the objection review team that has not been optimal. To overcome these problems alternative dispute resolution should use mediation mechanism because it can overcome the buildup of cases in court so that an effective instrument is needed because some countries such as Australia, Britain, America, Canada use mediation as an alternative to tax dispute resolution.

Keywords: Alternative Dispute Resolution, Tax Dispute, Property
SAĞLIK HİZMET ÖDEMELERİNDE USULSÜZLÜK TÜRLERİ VE MÜCADELE STRATEJİLERİ
Authors: KÜÇÜK Aziz
Published: January 2023

Sağlık hizmeti sunucularının ve hastaların suistimalleri veya hileli davranışları, sağlık sistemleri için önemli finansal, idari ve hukuki sorunlar oluşturmaktadır. Dünya genelinde bu usulsüzlüklerin toplam sağlık harcaması içindeki payı kesin olarak tespit edilememekle birlikte, bu tutarın toplam sağlık harcamalarının %10’unu bulduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sağlık hizmetlerindeki usulsüzlük ve suistimal türlerini kuramsal ve ampirik olarak irdeleyerek sağlık ve sosyal güvenlik sistemlerine etkilerini ortaya koymak ve bu tür eylemlere karşı mücadele sürecini tartışmaktır. Bunun için literatür taraması yanında Sayıştay, Sağlık Bakanlığı ve Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu denetim raporları, doküman incelemesi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Avrupa Yolsuzluk ve Dolandırıcılıkla Mücadele Ağı tarafından geliştirilen ‘İsraf Tipolojisi Matrisi’ çerçevesi kullanılarak Türkiye’de sağlık hizmetlerinde usulsüzlük türlerinin hatadan yolsuzluğa kadar uzanan geniş bir yelpazede kategorize edilebileceği saptanmıştır. Bundan dolayı, sağlık hizmeti sunucuları ve ilgili kurumların, usulsüzlüklerle mücadele için eğitim programlarından veri madenciliği ve modelleme yazılımlarından yararlanmaya kadar çeşitli araçlarla stratejiler geliştirmeleri gerekmektedir.
Perilaku Keagamaan Kemaja Kristen Konsumen Miras Di GPIBK jemaat Imanuel Taepa
Authors: Kaloan Aderino , Yokiman Junni , Sopang Oscar
Published: January 2023

The fundamental problem of this scientific work is the Religious Behavior of Christian Teens Alcohol Consumers at the GPIBK of the Imanuel Taepa Congregation and the influence of Christian values ??on adolescent alcohol consumers in the GPIBK of the Taepa Congregation. The aims of this study include: to find out how the religious behavior of Christian teenagers who drink alcohol at GPIBK Imanuel Taepa congregation and how the influence of Christian values ??on adolescent alcohol consumers. In this study, the authors examine the problem using qualitative methods using a case study approach for field exploration with the aim of gaining more knowledge in a situation or a case. And the population that chose the author was 17 people, 14 teenagers, 2 councilors, 1 person and the sample was 7 people. The author uses several sources such as books, journals, and other media as sources of information. As for the results of the study, the authors found that the religious behavior of Christian teenagers who consume alcohol in terms of loving God, loving others and loving themselves is not reflected in their behavior as Christian teenagers. Because of the lack of influence of Christian values ??given by parents and even the Church. For this reason, parents and the church must play an active role in teaching Christian values ??and being an example for teenagers.
Relationships Between Pre-Match Training Load Variables and Matchday Countermovement Jump Height in NCAA DI Women’s Soccer
Authors: Polly da Costa Valladao Silvio , Phillips Julia , Logan Adriana , Andre Thomas
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the repeated measures correlations between the sums of training load (TL) variables preceding matchday and matchday countermovement jump (CMJ) height in NCAA Division I (DI) women’s soccer athletes.
Methods:  A total of 23 female soccer players (20 ± 1.2 years; 1.69 ± 0.06 m) participated in this study. Repeated measures correlations were used to determine the relationships between matchday CMJ height and TL variables.
Results: Matchday CMJ height showed very weak to weak negative relationships with the sums of the TL variables for the microcycle preceding the match: sRPE-TL (r = -0.184, p = 0.036), TD (r = -0.229, p = 0.008), TLS (r = -0.192, p = 0.028), HSD (r = -0.229, p = 0.008), ML (r = -0.204, p = 0.020), and number of sprints (r = -0.237, p = 0.006).
Conclusions: Although significant negative weak relationships were observed, the results suggest that the sums of TL variables preceding matchday may not be the most reliable indicators of matchday preparedness in collegiate DI women’s soccer. Future research should aim to investigate other strategies to predict matchday readiness in collegiate women’s soccer.
The arousing and attentional effects of facial expressions on time perception: A systematic review
Authors: Nuyens Filip M. , Kuss Daria J. , Griffiths Mark D. , Lopez-Fernandez Olatz
Published: January 2023

Although time perception has mainly been explored through the prospective paradigm, it appears that emotional stimuli lead to an overestimation of time either through an arousing or an attentional effect. Amongst the emotional stimuli, emotional expressions are of inlerest due to their social importance. The purpose of this paper was to systematically review research carried out into emotional expression interference on time perception. A systematic literature review of 13 peer-reviewed papers with an empirical design that tested healthy participants was conducted on studies exploring both time perception and emotional expression. Furthermore, the papers were only included if they were written in English language and dated from at least the year 1964 (i.e. following Treisman’s model of time perception in 1963). Findings showed a congruent overestimation when participants were exposed to emotional faces, especially when they expressed anger. This interaction was mediated by the dynamism of the stimuli used (i.e. there was a stronger effect if the expressions were animated), the model gaze and direction (i.e. nullified effect when the face was directed away from the participant), the embodiment effect (i.e. nullified effect when participants could not mimic the expression), and participant age (i.e. stronger effect of positive expressions amongst elderly participants). In conclusion, it emerged that two underlying mechanisms explain the overestimation observed when confronted with emotional expressions – attention and arousal. Although these two mechanisms appear to impair time perception independently, the studies on the stimuli dynamism indicated a potential conjoint effect of these mechanisms.
J. Richard Marshall: a tribute*
Authors: Godsi Elie ,   Nottingham
Published: January 2023

J. Richard Marshall, who was Head of psychology for the Nottingham Drug and Alcohol Service, died on Sunday 2 April, aged 49
What was it like for you? How children between the ages of 7 and 11 experienced a child and family consultation service
Authors: Rosen-Webb Jemma , Morrissey Rebecca
Published: January 2023

2This article describes a focus group to investigate the experiences of children who had attended a child and family consultation service (CFCS). The group is discussed with particular attention to the process and lessons learnt which may help others wishing to undertake similar projects
Developing skills in consultation 2: A team formulation approach
Authors: Lake Nick
Published: January 2023

Whilst relatively little has been written about consultation approaches in which teams are encouraged to think about and discuss the work they are doing with particular service users (more has been written on consultation approaches to teams as a whole), very little has been written about consultation work that supports teams to develop shared formulations for their work with these individuals. This article describes a team formulation approach to consultation that has been developed within West Sussex. It outlines a specific formulation model that has been developed by Mary Dobbin, Stephanie Kennedy and the author (with significant contributions from other colleagues) for use in a team context and describes how this model is used in practice.
A survey of applied psychologists in specialist palliative care: Settings, roles and approaches
Authors: Grant Lucy , Kalus Christine
Published: January 2023

The aim of this survey was to find out more about the settings in which applied psychologists are working in specialist palliative care. This included their various roles, clinical work, different therapeutic approaches, supervision and how they evaluate clinical effectiveness.
Welcome to NICEworld
Authors:   The Midlands Psychology Group, Priest Penny
Published: January 2023

The Midlands Psychology Group has been observing the workings of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE). Here, we share some observations and concerns about the influence of NICE on mental healthcare in England.
It takes time, practice and thought: Reflections of a neuropsychologist’s experience in implementing the Mental Capacity Act 2005
Authors: Newby Gavin , Anderson Caroline , Todd David
Published: January 2023

Whilst the Mental Capacity Act 2005 has added clarity to a complex area, many clinical psychologists feel underskilled, anxious and ethically compromised. This article proposes a model to guide clinicians seeking greater confidence, consistency and eventual competence.
Leadership is our business
Authors: Skinner Pam
Published: January 2023

This article summarises some of the current issues around clinical leadership in the profession. It proposes that we can only be guardians of psychological practice in clinical settings if we have influence at all levels and that we must implement our Leadership Development Framework across all bands in the profession.
The place of religious and spiritual beliefs in therapy
Authors: Cooper Catherine
Published: January 2023

This paper explores the place of religious/spiritual ideas in therapy. It reviews research regarding how to integrate beliefs at the level of service access, assessment and intervention. The wider contexts of professional guidelines and clinical psychology training are examined.
‘The Desire to Help’ in low economic countries
Authors: Brown Rachel
Published: January 2023

Having undertaken my doctoral research project in Sierra Leone (Brown, 2013), I was inspired to reflect upon my experience as a Western psychologist working there. This discussion highlights my position of uncertainty, thus inviting the reader to reflect on my dilemmas.
Pole to Pole II: Exploring collaborative working
Authors: Sevier-Guy Lindsay-Jo , Fagan Stephanie , Walton Laura , Mitchell Gordon ,   Members of Fife Bipolar Group
Published: January 2023

A reflective piece in the form of a discussion around collaborative working.
Clinical psychologists’ experiences of NHS organisational change
Authors: Colley Richard , Murray Craig , Sanderson Joanne
Published: January 2023

Organisational change experiences of eight clinical psychologists working in the NHS were captured. Three themes revealed the challenges they experienced and how their knowledge and skills have helped them understand, cope with, and respond to change.
Formulation meetings in a Tier 4 child and adolescent mental health service inpatient unit
Authors: Milson Gordon , Phillips Katy
Published: January 2023

In this article we discuss how the work context has influenced the process of establishing formulation meetings and continues to affect our practice. We also reflect on the ongoing challenges and opportunities that these meetings present.
Human rights: Giving clinical psychology a backbone
Authors: Butchard Sarah , Greenhill Beth
Published: January 2023

Human rights and clinical psychology need each other. Clinical psychology’s core values are highly congruent with the human rights based approach (HRBA) recently adopted by the Care Quality Commission. Conversely, psychologists understand organisational challenges, can operationalise practical delivery of a HRBA and can develop much needed evaluation strategies for values-based practice.
Book Reviews
Authors: Milner Pat , Short Thomas , Szymanska Kasia , Shortall Thomas , McMahon Gladeana
Published: January 2023

Reviews ofD.W. Winnicottby Michael Jacobs,Victimised Daughters – Incest and the Development of the Female Selfby Janet Liebman Jacobs,Anxiety Disorders: A Practitioner’s Guideby Paul M.G. Emmelkamp, Theo K. Bouman and Agnes Scholing,The Survivor’s Guideby Sharice A Lee,Counselling Supervision, Theory Skills and Practiceby Michael Caroll,Skills Training for Counsellingby Francesca Inskipp,Treatment Approaches for Alcohol and Drug Dependence: An Introductory Guideby Tracey J. Jarvis, Jenny Tebbutt and Richard P. Mattick,Crisis Intervention and Time Limited Cognitive Treatmentedited by Albert R Roberts andInvitation to Rational Emotive Psychologyby Windy Dryden.
Counselling psychology and research
Authors: Rowan John
Published: January 2023

There is a great deal of writing in counselling psychology which urges, or even takes for granted, that research is very important. It is even suggested that approaches to counselling which are not evidence-based are illegitimate. If we are scientist-practitioners, the argument goes, we have to reject any approach to counselling psychology which is not founded on scientific research.

The problem with research, it seems to me, is that it is easy to do research on solution-focused therapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy and the like, because they stay near the surface, and research mostly also stays near the surface. They match.
Extended paper. The existentialphenomenological paradigm: The importance for psychotherapy integration
Authors: Milton Martin , Charles Linda , Judd Dale , O’Brien Michael , Tipney Annie , Turner Amanda
Published: January 2023

Psychotherapy integration is currently an area of huge interest for those professions that deem themselves scientist-practitioners – this, of course, includes counselling psychology. At a theoretical level we can see a range of texts exploring and presenting models of integration (Palmer & Woolfe, 2000; Ryle, 1990). At the level of service delivery we see a range of government directives indicating that psycho-logists need to consider integration as the ‘bread and butter approach’ to mental health services with ‘Level B’ forms of psychotherapy predominating (NHSE, 1996). The complexity of these literatures provides many a challenge for the training of clinical and counselling psychologists and the practice of psychological therapies. This paper describes the phenomenology of several counselling psychologists as they rose to the challenges of the complex task of integration – as a trainer and as trainees.
Young people’s accounts of homelessness: A case study of psychological well-being and identity
Authors: Riggs Esther H. , Coyle Adrian
Published: January 2023

With the aim of informing counselling psychology practice with young homeless people, this paper reports a qualitative study of psychological well-being and identity among four young people, recruited in the English Midlands, who had experienced homelessness between the ages of 16 and 25. All participants were interviewed; interview transcripts were subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis, with analyses presented on a case-by-case basis. In physical terms, participants associated homelessness with a lack of permanent housing or a secure place for physical possessions. In psychological terms, homelessness was associated with feeling isolated, rejected or alienated, lacking an emotional attachment to or identification with a place and lacking a safe space for psychological ‘belongings’. Participants also referred to a loss of identity and person-hood whilst homeless. Identity threat had been dealt with through intrapsychic and intergroup coping strategies. Suggestions are offered for counselling psychology practice with this population.
‘McDonaldisation’ or ‘Fast-food therapy’
Authors: Strawbridge Sheelagh
Published: January 2023

Second to extra-therapeutic ‘client factors’, the quality of the therapeutic relationship, ‘being-in-relation’, is widely recognised as the most significant factor in successful therapy. There is, nevertheless, an increasing tendency to emphasise ‘technical expertise’ and pressure to package and manualise ‘treatment’.

This paper argues that this tendency is best understood in the context of a wider social-historical process first described, and termed ‘rationalisation’, by Max Weber. It draws on the recent work of George Ritzer who argues that the process of rationalisation has continued to intensify. He has developed the metaphor of the fast-food restaurant, built on principles of efficiency, calculability, predictability and control and coined the term ‘McDonaldisation’ to characterise the tendency. Increasing areas of social life are subject to ‘McDonaldisation’ through, for example, shopping malls, packaged holidays, hotel chains and digital television. Even areas such as education and medicine are subject to this process. The stress on grades and league tables in education focus attention on what is quantifiable in the end product, rather than the quality of the experience, and health care is increasingly impersonal and technological. Both clients/consumers and workers are systematically disempowered in this process. The tendency to standardise, package and manualise therapy is considered as another manifestation of ‘McDonaldisation’.
The cost of individualism
Authors: Thatcher Michelle , Manktelow Ken
Published: January 2023

This paper addresses the aims and values of applied psychology and in particular counselling psychology, questioning whether the profession’s commitment to the individual relationship and championing of subjectivity has prematurely foreclosed the potential remit of its activity. The skills and practice element of counselling psychology trainings has focused almost exclusively on the one-to-one relationship and remain dominated by intrapsychic models of understanding. Whilst such an approach may well be necessary it is in no way sufficient, neither economically nor ethically. The ever increasing national (and international) cost burden of mental ill health has no possibility of being resolved simply by training ever more mental health practitioners to carry out individual treatment packages. Consistent evidence finds that psychology does not reach those most in need. The now widespread acceptance of the significant role of social and cultural disadvantage in the origins of mental ill health emerges alongside robust evidence for the multiple positive benefits of enhanced community cohesion. In the light of this, continuing to rely on individualistic formulations and treatments alone appears short-sighted, partial and possibly even counter-productive. Psychology in general and counselling psychology in particular need to broaden their vision and become more closely connected to the communities they purport to serve. This would involve a shift in thinking away from solely reactive treatment of the most severely affected individuals towards proactive interventions aimed at community well-being. Psychology would need to embrace both a social and political agenda if it is to have any truly significant impact on mental health.
Welcoming the Other: Actualising the humanistic ethic at the core of counselling psychology practice
Authors: Cooper Mick
Published: January 2023

This paper examines the question of how counselling psychology might move forward into the future. It argues that, for many counselling psychologists, the defining feature of our profession lies in a humanistic value-base; and that, to move forward, we need to look at how that could be more fully actualised. The paper argues that this value-base is most succinctly expressed in Levinas’s concept of ‘Welcoming the Other,’ and it proposes five ways in which this ethic might be taken forward: developing our capacity to see beyond diagnoses, enhancing our responsiveness, focusing more fully on our client’s intelligibility, taking a lead in giving psychology away, and developing our evidence base. The paper concludes by suggesting that the key issue is not the survival of counselling psychology as a profession; but the survival, development and proliferation of this value-base.
Big boys really don’t cry: Considering men’s reluctance to engage in counselling
Authors: White Andrew
Published: January 2023

In Britain, men’s psychology still appears to be a largely overlooked topic, a curious situation given that approximately half the population are male. However, if a wider set of social factors are taken into account, then the generally accepted robust state of men’s psychological well-being is brought into some doubt.
Appreciating gratitude: Can gratitude be used as a psychological intervention to improve individual well-being?
Authors: Nelson Catherine
Published: January 2023

Although extolled as a fundamental virtue in all the world’s major religions, and experienced by people in most cultures, gratitude has until recently received little attention within the psychological literature, and has been omitted from many major works on emotion.

But recently the nature and importance of gratitude has been reconsidered. Alongside the development of positive psychology, an increasing range of new empirical research, together with a re-evaluation of older studies, has indicated that gratitude can improve well-being in two ways: directly, as a causal agent of wellbeing; and indirectly, as a means of buffering against negative states and emotions.

Greater understanding of the power of gratitude as a psychological intervention has wide-ranging significance for counselling psychology. Even at such an early stage, gratitude research can both inform individual strategies with clients and contribute to the development of more sustained programmes of intervention. Gratitude research can amplify thinking within current theoretical models, including both cognitive behavioural and person-centred approaches. Finally, gratitude research can provide counselling psychology with ideas for interventions with a range of client groups, from those experiencing depression, bereavement or substance abuse, to individuals who are not experiencing clinical issues but are seeking simply to enhance their state of well-being.

In assessing the therapeutic use of gratitude to increase well-being, this review covers three main areas. Firstly, it introduces conceptualisations of gratitude and the place of gratitude within cognitive-emotional and biosocial theories. Secondly, it evaluates evidence for gratitude’s impact on individual well-being, both directly as a causal agent and indirectly as a buffer against negative states. Working within an evidencebased approach, this analysis focuses on empirical studies, although making use of psychoanalytical studies which may suggest future empirical research opportunities. Finally, this review identifies four main conclusions from existing gratitude research, considering implications both for theories of gratitude and for the practice of counselling psychology, as well as future research directions.
Dialogues and Debates From Hogwarts to the boxing ring: Courage, creativity and psychological well-being
Authors: Milton Martin
Published: January 2023

Content and Focus

This paper considers the role of courage and creativity in promoting psychological wellbeing, particularly in the face of social and interpersonal risk. It uses contemporary fiction and sport alongside classical humanistic-existential insights and asks the reader to identify with ‘Tom’ a young, gay teen needing to overcome discrimination and bullying.

Conclusions

Courage and creativity can be useful attributes to nurture when needing to protect ourselves from discrimination and oppression. It is suggested that this is true of in the face of racism, sexism and homophobia. These attributes may also be usefully considered at the group, community and global level to help tackle wider challenges that we face.
Patient and public involvement in research
Authors: McKirdy James
Published: January 2023

Research is too valuable to be left to the professionals, argues James McKirdy of the Scottish Mental Health Research Network. It’s time for everyone to get involved.
Why are clinical psychologists not able to authorise psychological treatment for people deemed to lack capacity?
Authors: Clark Alison
Published: January 2023

We have the knowledge and the skills … so what’s stopping us? Alison Clark poses some pertinent questions.
Risk, resilience and reaching around the world: The Centre for Applied Developmental Psychology
Authors: Schwannauer Matthias , Williams Jo , Quayle Ethel , Chan Stella , MacBeth Angus , Taylor Emily , Goodall Karen , Ferreira Nuno , Sharpe Helen , Griffiths Helen , Duffy Fiona
Published: January 2023

Our third research group explains its focus – and reveals how it has involved more than 80,000 learners around the globe.
Making sense in partnership: The development, implementation and evaluation of training to address medically unexplained symptoms within primary care
Authors: Holly Deirdre , Craig David
Published: January 2023

Working effectively with people with medically unexplained symptoms is a major challenge for many primary care practitioners. How can psychology provide a brief, practical way of helping them?
The treatment of eating disorders: Successes, failures and the need for new options
Authors: Simpson Susan
Published: January 2023

Scottish services are well placed to lead much-needed new developments in how we conceptualise and treat complex eating disorders, writesSusan Simpson.
Third sector storiesSo We Glow
Authors: Mhonda Rutendo
Published: January 2023

Rutendo MhondaPsychology MSc Student at University of St Andrews, shares her experience of setting up the social media campaign, So We Glow, to raise awareness of mental health in the Black community.
The scare tactic: Does it work? Motivating students for tests and exams
Authors: Putwain David W. , Woods Kevin
Published: January 2023

This article reviews a new and emerging body of work into the use of fear appeals by teachers prior to high-stakes tests and exams. Fear appeals are messages that focus on the negative consequences of failure and the course(s) of action required to avoid failure. They are a scare tactic, intended to motivate students to work hard for their forthcoming tests and exams. First we review studies that examine how fear appeals, and their appraisal as threatening, are linked to test anxiety, motivation, and test/exam grades. Second, we review studies that focus on the possibility of different types of appraisals; challenge as well as threat, and the possibility that messages might simply be ignored. Third, we review studies that examine the outcomes of challenge as well as threat appraisals and present a prospective model linking appraisals to motivation, engagement and achievement outcomes. Finally, we review the implications of findings of these studies for teachers and educational/school psychologists.
Investigating pathways to gang membership: What can educational psychologists add?
Authors: Harvey A. , Willets J. , Arnold C.
Published: January 2023

Developing a greater understanding surrounding the predictive factors of gang membership for young people forms part of the government’s (HD, 2011) and multiple other agencies’ agendas to intervene early to tackle gang crime. In light of the new sixteen to twenty-five agenda (DfE & DoH, 2014) which brings college-age young people under the remit of educational psychologist’s (EPs) support, gang membership is also relevant to this professional group. From the sparse literature that exists, this study attempts to respond to calls to develop our knowledge of predictive factors, by developing a screening tool via multi-agency avenues. Results of the study revealed how police data continues to be important in predicting and preventing gang membership. For educational data, attendance and exclusion did not contribute any predictive element. SEN data contributed in unexpected ways. Results excluded the use of a screening tool prompting instead the consideration of wider predictive factors from a larger number of relevant agencies and more sensitive data collection techniques. The multi-agency skill set of EPs, their knowledge and experiences of research and training means they are well-placed to contribute to future research and delivery of support.
School discipline in the United States: prevention, correction and long term social development
Authors: Bear George G.
Published: January 2023

Since the onset of public education in America, the public has expected schools to develop self-discipline among children and to use disciplinary measures. These two expectations continue to be supported in both public polls and federal initiatives in education. This article reviews strategies used by the most highly effective classroom teachers to achieve the long-term goal of self-discipline while simultaneously achieving the short-term goal of classroom management and control of discipline problems. Research shows that effective teachers can be characterized by an authoritative style-a style that combines three types of strategies: classroom management and positive climate strategies for preventing behavior problems, operant learning strategies for the short-term management and control of behavior problems, and decision-making and social problem-solving strategies for achieving the long-term goal of self-discipline. These strategies are supported by research and theory in school psychology, developmental psychology, and educational psychology. They also are exemplified in three national projects, profiled in this article, that employ a comprehensive, broad-based, preventive approach to improving prosocial behavior and social problem-solving skills among children.
Effective academic interventions in the United Kingdom: does the ‘specific’ in specific learning difficulties (disabilities) now make a difference to the way we teach?
Authors: Reason Rea
Published: January 2023

The extent to which the ‘specific’ in specific learning difficulties determines instructional methods was discussed by an interest group that met some 10 years ago. This article examines developments since that time by drawing together the areas of cognitive research, applied practice and trends in literacy teaching in the UK. In both the USA and the UK, research has continued to emphasize the role of phonology, its assessment and instructional implications. Meanwhile, educational psychologists in both countries have adopted and defended a variety of discrepancy definitions both on theoretical grounds and as administrative necessities. Focusing on phonology, in the UK there are now many standardized and commercially distributed phonological assessment materials which need to be used judiciously. While those researching the ‘specific’ are also stressing the importance of meaning-based compensatory strategies, the teaching of phonological awareness and phonics has become an integral part of general teaching programmes. It is argued that, in terms of instructional implications, the gap between the specific and the general has thus narrowed even further.
Focus groups to explore the views of educational psychologists in training
Authors: Lunt Ingrid
Published: January 2023

Focus groups provide a creative means of carrying out group interviews. The use of focus groups is one of a number of methods which have recently become established within the social sciences, and even more recently in psychology. The paper describes the use of focus groups to elicit views of educational psychologists in training at the end of their Master’s training year. The method is discussed in detail, some issues are raised in relation to this method, and the particular study is described briefly.
Issues in the development of a gay or lesbian identity: Practice implications for educational psychologists
Authors: Robertson Lucy , Monsen Jeremy
Published: January 2023

‘Sexual identity’ has been defined by Savin-Williams (1995b) as ‘… the enduring sense of oneself as a sexual being which fits a culturally created category and accounts for one’s sexual fantasies, attractions and behaviours’ (p. 166). This paper considers some of the ways that an individual arrives at his or her own unique sexual identity. It explores some of the implications for young people of developing a gay, lesbian or bisexual sexual identity and discusses the possible role that educational psychologists (or similar practitioners) may have in challenging some of the causes of the psychological damage endured by gay, lesbian and bisexual young people.