bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Development of the Territory of the Tourist Center of the City of Kyakhta: A Development Approach
Authors: Tolstoukhova Ilona , Astafiev Sergey , Voronov Denis , Stepanov Evgeny
Published: December 2023

The relevance of the topic of integrated development of tourist territories is due to the fact that the term «integrated development of territories» approved in the urban planning code takes into account the need for the construction of residential real estate, social and
other infrastructure, when developing urban areas providing comfortable living for residents on the territory, and it does not consider the needs of the tourists. The integrated development of tourist territories considers the need to create a comfortable consumer environment including display facilities for tourists and collective accommodation facilities. It also suggests developing a service model, an event calendar for foreign and Russian tourists, etc.
The aim of the study is to develop and substantiate a financial model for the integrated development of tourist areas and socio-economic effects the implementation of state support for regional programs for the design of the tourist code of the city center «Kyakhta — the city of the great trade routes».
The article discusses the methodology for substantiating the socio-economic effects as a result of the implementation of the project of the tourist code of the city center of Kyakhta. This project participates in the competition of the subjects of the Russian Federation for the implementation of state support for regional programs for the design of the tourist code of the city center, the operator of which is the Fe­deral Agency for Tourism (Hereinafter — the Competition). In interdisciplinary team of the Project involved experts from the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia, representatives of the Administration of the municipality «City of Kyakhta», representatives of the Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of Buryatia, active representatives of urban communities, and business corps. At the same time, the team of «ideologists» of the Project were experts from the consulting company «Novatsia», teachers and undergraduates of the Department of Construction Economics and Real Estate Management of Baikal State University who developed the project. Its main goal is to make Kyakhta one of the leading centers of the «Great Tea Road» from China to Europe, and to develop its domestic and cross-border tourism.
The result of the study was the construction of a financial model that showed that funding of 215 million will allow to create more than 80 new jobs; design 8 new user experience scenarios, and 32 new routes; double the flow of tourists and the time spent in the city center; build 13 new commercial facilities; increase the number of hotels, and prove the effectiveness of public and private investments.
The Effects of the Impact of the Spectral Composition of Light Radiation on Aquatic Organisms in the Cultivation of Aquaculture
Authors: Belykh Olga , Rozanov Sergey , Isakova Elvira
Published: December 2023

The study of ecological groups of hydrobionts has scientific importance due to the tasks of industrial production of aquatic bio resources and environmental protection of a unique natural object under the protection of UNESCO — Lake Baikal. In the biota of Lake Baikal, gammarids and fish have a significant share of the biomass and play an extremely important role in the food chains. They utilize primary and partially secondary products and are themselves objects of fishing. Under the conditions of increasing industrial pollution of the Baikal water area, hydrobionts also act as indicators of the presence of pollutants. The dynamics of the abundance of hydrobionts of various ecological groups in relation to the impact of the illumination factor is an important indicator of the ecological state of a reservoir. We have reviewed research studies on the effect of illumination on the behavior of aquatic organisms. The results of the work can be used in choosing the conditions for growing production fish at different stages of its ontogenesis.
On the Problems and Prospects of China's Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy
Authors: Lei Gao
Published: December 2023

The practice of recent years has significantly exacerbated a number of problems in the development of the world and national economies. In particular, by the present time, the ecological situation, which brings humanity as close as possible to a catastrophe, requires urgent measures to resolve it. The agreements reached by the countries, for example, within the framework of the Paris Agreements on climate change, have so far contributed little to resolving the relevant problem.
Realistically assessing the relevant threats, the leading country in terms of industrial production rates and, concurrently, the leader in terms of environmental pollution — China, in addition to maintaining cooperation with the countries of the world on the environmental issue, began to carry out their own reforms to transfer the national economy to a low-carbon mode of production.
The article describes the characteristics of the Chinese economy, explaining the energy and climate problems existing in it. The bottlenecks currently complicating the country's transition to a low-carbon economy are explained. The author formulated proposals in the context of the need to modernize the PRC economy to a low-carbon mode of production.
The Role of Robotics in the Development of the Economy of Russia and China
Authors: Balashova Maria , Tsvigun Irina , Shelyukova Daria
Published: December 2023

The post-industrial economy may have become possible as a result of the redistribution of labor resources in the sectoral limitation of GDP. As a result of the growth in labor productivity, which became possible due to the mechanization, accessibility and subsequent robotization of production processes, the world managed not only to make services as a priority in its economy, but to move to an innovative stage of development. Developed countries that took the risk to release part of their own labor resources from domestic production by replacing them with the work of robots, they now receive a huge amount of significant benefits from the development of robotics. Driven by the need to maximize them, they continue the processes of automating their national economy in an ideal situation — at the expense of robots of their own production, in extreme cases — at the expense of robots supplied from developed countries.
Over the past century since the creation of the global robotics market, only countries with growing economies, primarily China, have managed to enter this market. This result was achieved thanks to a real assessment of the threats associated with an attempt to introduce robotics into the economy of a developing country, as well as serious advance work by the state aimed at leveling them.
China's experience in entering the "world of robotics" can be borrowed by other developing countries, including Russia. It is important to understand that the success of the relevant reforms can only be achieved if two parallel processes are implemented: the robotization of production facilities already operating in the country and the organization of domestic production of robotics.
The Effect of Education and Health as Fundamentals of Human Capital on Global Competition: A Panel Data Analysis on OECD Countries
Authors: SAİN Kadir , BOZKURT Kurtuluş
Published: December 2023

The aim of the current study is to analyze the effect of education and health as the main elements of human capital on global competition in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries using the Granger Panel Causality Test. Accordingly, in the application part of the study, with the data obtained from the World Economic Forum (WEF), the World Bank (WB), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) databases, a panel data set was established for 18 OECD countries for which healthy data could be reached for the period of 2004-2018. As a result of the analysis, a causality relationship was determined between each variable representing education and health as the basic elements of human capital and the global competition for short term. When the results of the Westerlund (2007) panel cointegration test were examined, it was seen that there is a long-term relationship between the Global Competitiveness Index (gci) variable and all the other variables except for variables h1 and h2.
Chrysomya chloropyga (copper-tailed blowfly) larvae reared on abattoir waste as a protein source for broiler production: carcass traits, meat quality and sensory attributes
Authors: Gleeson Elizabeth Yvonne , Van der Merwe AJW , Hoffman Louwrens , Pieterse Elsje
Published: December 2023

The larvae of the copper-tailed blowfly (Chrysomya chloropyga) have the potential to break down high-risk waste such as abattoir waste and ameliorate the nutrients to be reintroduced into the food chain by including them in broiler feeds. Chrysomya chloropyga larvae were grown on abattoir waste, harvested, processed, and included in broiler diets at inclusion rates of either 5, 10 or 15%. Thereafter the carcass traits, meat quality characteristics and descriptive sensory attributes were determined. Further to this the mineral content of the tibia, as well as the tibia bone strength were determined. The highest inclusion rate of 15% resulted in broiler carcass and meat characteristics that were on par with a formulated soya-based control diet. The chemical composition of the meat was predominantly not significantly affected by the dietary larval meal inclusion (p > 0.05). In terms of its sensory attributes, meat from broilers fed C. chloropyga meal showed some significant differences for chicken aroma and initial juiciness (p ≤ 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed for any of five other sensory attributes of importance. Interestingly, the dietary inclusion of C. chloropyga meal was significantly related to increased tibia potassium and iron content, which could be linked to the insects’ accumulating these minerals present in the abattoir waste. The results indicate that C. chloropyga larval meal could be included in broiler diets at up to 15% without any negative effects on the aforementioned characteristics and could even influence them positively.
The state of Hausa children’s folktales and play-songs in Gombe, Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Arabi Bilkisu
Published: December 2023

In this paper I investigate the state of Hausa children’s folktales and play-songs in Gombe, Nigeria to ascertain whether they (folktales and play-songs of children) are still alive and active in this culturally important town in northern Nigeria. My specific objectives are to examine how much parents and their children know of Hausa children’s folktales and play-songs and argue that folktales and play-songs are to some extent infused with modern technologies because of globalisation and that mass media has taken over the dissemination of such cultures. To achieve this aim, I employ questionnaires as the instrument of data collection. The subjects for the research are 150 parents and their school-going and out-of-school children aged 20-above and 0–10 respectively. Arguing that globalisation impacts the oral transmission of cultural knowledge more than ever, I adopt technauriture and cultauriture as the theoretical models. Analysis of the data reveals a more than 90% awareness of folktales and play-songs from all respondents. However, some school-going children prefer to watch such oral traditions via satellite rather than listening to a narration as it enhances their language development and nurtures and preserves culture using the paradigm of technology with audio-visual media. The out-of-school children, on the other hand, listen to the narration but are not captivated by it because it only uses the oral means of dissemination. They prefer to watch television and play video games as this educates and entertains using technology, orality, and visuals.
Masking death: Covid-19 inspired humour in the everyday orality of a Luo community in Kenya
Authors: Opondo Rose Akinyi
Published: December 2023

Death, especially death which comes through disease, is often a hard subject that the human mind wishes to bury deep in the unconscious. The lack of ease with impending death eventually finds expression in everyday discourse. In this paper I look at performance of Covid-19 discourse through humour in a short episode of everyday orality of a Luo community in Uyoma, Siaya, in Kenya. The performance of the everyday language is textualized to display the aesthetics of contextual language through coinage, jokes, and puns, which manifest as humorous responses to an otherwise dire situation. From the feminising of the disease as Acory Nyar China, literally translated as “the petite Cory from China”, to the symbolic naming of aspects of the Covid-19 protocols and verbal jokes about the same, there is an inherent, deliberate attempt to literally laugh in the face of death. The identified aspects of language are treated as metaphorical masks, even as the mask as an object also becomes a metaphor. I employ discourse analysis, which treats language as living social phenomena capable of change, growth, expansion, and adaptation for contextual spatial and temporal expressions.
Avrupa yeşil mutabakatı’nın regülasyon riskleri: sektörel bir inceleme
Authors: ÇOBANOĞLU Cihan
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışma, Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı’nda işaret edilen düzenlemelerin hangi sektörleri etkileyeceğini ve her sektörü ne şekilde etkileyeceğini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu soruları cevaplamak için Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı’nı açıklayan tebliğde içerik analizi yapılmıştır. İşletmeleri etkileyebilecek bir düzenlemeye işaret eden her cümle dizisi sektöre ve finansal olaya göre kodlanmıştır. Hangi sektörlerin talep veya maliyet açısından artış, transfer veya azalış ortaya çıkaracak düzenlemeler ile öne çıktığı incelenmiştir. Belli bir sektöre hitap eden düzenlemeler arasında, talep artışına neden olanların en çok inşaat sektöründe, maliyet artışına neden olanların en çok gıda sektöründe, işletmeler arasında talep veya maliyet transferine neden olanların en çok taşımacılık sektöründe ve talep azalışına neden olanların en çok kimya sektöründe olduğu bulunmuştur. Bütün sektörleri ilgilendiren düzenlemelerin ise çoğu maliyet artışı ortaya çıkaracak etkiye sahiptir. Ayrıca herhangi bir sektörde finansmanın atıl varlıklardan yeşil yatırımlara kayması için risk transferi ve fon tahsisi sağlayacak düzenlemeler de oldukça fazladır. Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı’nın ortaya çıkardığı regülasyon riskleri ile baş etmenin en kolay yolunun geleceğe dönük stratejik düşünce ile olası düzenlemeleri yakından takip etmek ve yeşil alanlarda yatırım ve ar-ge yapıp yeşil geçişte öncü olmak olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Teoría y Métodos en la Historia de la conquista de México, de William H. Prescott
Authors: Jaksić Iván
Published: December 2023

El historiador William Hickling Prescott (Salem, 1796-Boston, 1859) publicó la famosa History of the Conquest of México en tres gruesos tomos en 1843. La obra tuvo un impacto inmediato, en parte por la reputación de Prescott como un historiador serio, y en parte por una prosa que resultaba atractiva para un público ya acostumbrado a la lectura, especialmente de novelas. Además, entre 1819, la fecha del acuerdo Adams-Onis que fijaba los límites entre Estados Unidos y México, y la guerra entre ambos países en 1846-1848, surgió con fuerza el interés por los asuntos hispanoamericanos. La obra de Prescott apareció en ese contexto, y además proporcionó un modelo de estudios históricos basados en fuentes documentales. No existía un estudio equivalente en extensión y profundidad, publicado en inglés, de modo que se instaló rápidamente como una obra fundamental de historiografía, que impacta hasta el día de hoy.
El cambio de estatus social de la algarroba: de comida de animales y tiempos de escasez, a producto gourmet en la alta gastronomía balear
Authors: López-Lago Ortiz Luis , Pedret Massanet Cecilia
Published: December 2023

The so-called gastronomic boom and the interest in the conservation of the Mediterranean food heritage as a tourist resource highlight the existence of processes of rediscovery and revaluation of some foods that are undergoing a change in social status. This is the case of carob in the context of the Balearic Islands. Based on the traditional uses of this legume and the changes that have occurred in its production and consumption in recent years, this article analyzes its gourmetization process and its introduction into haute cuisine. The use of a qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews and observation has made it possible to study, firstly, the role of carob and its fruit as elements of the biocultural memory of the islands' society; secondly, the recent changes in value that carob is experiencing; thirdly, the strategies and actors that are contributing to the rediscovery and revaluation of this food; and finally, its introduction into haute cuisine. This article shows how the revaluation and gourmetization of carob is linked to discourses that emphasize the "local" condition of the products and that bet on the recovery of traditional gastronomy, as a "sustainable" production model and as a symbol of "authenticity".
ГРУЗИНСКАЯ КУЛЬТУРА В КОНТЕКСТЕ МИРОВОГО НАУЧНОГО СООБЩЕСТВА НА Х МЕЖДУНАРОДНОМ КОНГРЕССЕ ОРИЕНТАЛИСТОВ
Authors: KOBERİDZE Mariam
Published: December 2023

В настоящей научной статье представлен актуальный вопрос грузиноведения – грузинская культура в контексте мирового научного сообщества. Вторая половина XIX века — важный период в истории мировой культуры: еще более возрос научный интерес к языку, истории и культуре восточных стран.
Об этом свидетельствует состоявшийся в Женевском университете 23-31 августа 1894 г. X Международный конгресс ориенталистов (востоковедов), в котором приняли участие представители 18 государств и 97 университетов. В работе Конгресса приняли участие Александр Хаханашвили и Ное Жордания.
В этнографической секции Александр Хаханашвили на французском языке прочел интересный доклад «Влияние иностранцев на грузинскую цивилизацию». Это подчеркивает еще один факт – несмотря на то, что А.Хаханашвили на этом Конгрессе был представителем Росси, он мировому научному сообществу для ознакомления представил доклад о грузинской культуре. В докладе он подчеркнул географическое расположение Грузии, язык, традиции и культурные ценности, древнейшую грузинскую цивилизацию (отношения с Византией, Египтом, Сирией…). Основываясь на историческом факте, он рассмотрел древнейшие экономические, политические, культурные связи с различными странами мира. Подчеркнул, что Грузия, распологаясь между Черным и Каспийским морями, выступает связующим мостом между Востоком и Западом. Оказывается, у Грузии и с Индией было сообщение.
Х Международный конгресс ориенталистов (востоковедов) был важным событием в истории мировой культуры. Ученые мира узнали правильную и важную информацию о древнейшей грузинской цивилизации. Мировое научное сообщество познакомилось не только с грузинскими национальными ценностями – языком, историей и древнейшими письменностями, перед ними раскрылось прошлое, настоящее и национальные традиции, но и был поставлен вопрос изучения природы грузинского языка. Анализ и изучение проблемных вопросов, поставленных на Х Международном конгрессе ориенталистов (востоковедов) имеют особое значение применительно к сегодняшнему дню.
Исследование вопроса основывается на материалах прессы, которые хронологически изучены с использованием методов историко-сравнительного, описательного, синхронного и диахронного анализа.
Cell culture, transfection, and imaging of K562 cells v1
Authors: Amos Chase , De Camilli Pietro
Published: December 2023

This protocol details the general preparation of K562 cells for imaging.
Guide to Generating International Chemical Identifier (InChI) Label for Isotopically Labelled Compounds v1
Authors: C. Wilhelm Roland
Published: December 2023

This protocol was written to support the article by Simpson et al., 2024 entitled: MISIP: A data standard for the reuse and reproducibility of any stable isotope probing-derived nucleic acid sequence and experiment. The same guide, with additional screen shots illustrating each step, is provided in Supplementary Information. This guide can be used to generate the MISIP standard field: ‘isotopolog_atom_pos’
Application of Mathematical Models of the Dynamics of the Epidemic Acute Respiratory Viral Infections to Increase the Efficiency of Epidemiological Surveillance
Authors: Leonenko V.N. , Korzin A.I. , Danilenko D.M.
Published: December 2023

Uncertainty in the calculations of forecasts of the spread of epidemic acute respiratory infections obtained using mathematical models, associated with data error and uncertainty in the choice of a model, as well as the lack of verification of modeling results by interdisciplinary teams including epidemiology specialists, prevent the correct prediction of the effectiveness of disease control measures. In this paper, we propose a solution to these problems by using a software package consisting of a family of epidemic models, methods for estimating the error of output data depending on the error of the initial morbidity data, as well as a graphical interface with the possibility of manual correction of the results of automatic calibration and generation of epidemic bulletins. The novelty of the presented study is the methodology for integrating epidemic models into software tools used by supervisory authorities, which allows to supplement weekly bulletins and annual epidemiological reports in semi-automatic mode with a quantitative interval estimation of the error of calculated indicators. The ultimate goal is to provide the supervisory authorities with informative and promptly obtained calculated data for decision-making in the field of infection control.
Stochastic Modeling in Immunology Based On a Stage-Dependent Framework with Non-Markov Constraints for Individual Cell and Pathogen Dynamics
Authors: Pertsev N.V. , Loginov K.K.
Published: December 2023

We present a systematic approach to modelling the responses of the immune system to virus infections. Two continuous-discrete stochastic models arising in mathematical immunology are developed and computationally implemented. The variables of the models are integer random variables that denote the quantity of individuals (cells and viral particles), and sets of unique types of individuals that take into account the current state and history of stay of individuals in some stages of their development. The distribution laws of the durations of the mentioned stages are different from exponential or geometric. A probabilistic description of a one-stage stochastic model of population dynamics is presented. A stochastic model of the development of HIV-1 infection in the lymph node in the initial period after infection of a healthy person is formulated. A computational algorithm based on the Monte Carlo method is given. Each of the stochastic models is complemented by a deterministic analogue in the form of integral and delay differential equations. The results of numerical simulation are presented.
Civil Recourse Against Food Traders Causing Food Poisoning in Malaysia – Proposals for Reforms
Authors: Ling Lee Sook , Hassim Jady Zaidi , Yaakob Haniwarda
Published: December 2023

Under the current legal regime, the only civil recourse against food traders causing food poisoning to consumers in Malaysia is through civil action under tort of negligence. A civil action is not straightforward and often fraught with difficulties. Hence, the objectives of this paper are twofold. Firstly, to examine the application of the tort of negligence in civil liability cases against food traders who cause food poisoning; and secondly, to explore alternative approaches that could be introduced to safeguard the legal rights to compensation of aggrieved consumers and/or dependants of deceased consumers. This paper employs a pure doctrinal research method where the relevant food safety legislations and relevant English case laws together with the secondary sources such as textbooks, journals articles, statistics reports, press reports, relevant online databases, and websites are referred to. This paper concludes that the only civil recourse available is by commencing a civil action under tort of negligence against food traders. In addition, it is also found that relevant food safety legislations only empower enforcement authorities to take legal action against food traders but they will not act on behalf of aggrieved consumers who suffered from food poisoning and/or dependants of deceased consumers who died from food poisoning. This paper, thus, proposes reforms by way of amendments to the Food Act 1983.
Measures for Improving the Criminal Justice System in Prosecution of Terrorism in Pakistan
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Nordin Rohaida
Published: December 2023

Terrorism prosecution has become a significant challenge for the criminal justice system (CJS) in Pakistan as the acquittal rate is very high while the conviction rate is extremely low. During the past few decades, increasing terrorist attacks in Pakistan and the failure of law enforcement to prosecute the accused has contributed to this issue. Due to the delay and flawed process of producing and constructing evidence, the dismissal rate is high when these cases are finally brought to the court. As a result, most “hard-core terrorist” cases are acquitted and seldom go to the higher courts to face trial. Police officers have been considered as the main contributor for the failure of Pakistan’s CJS due to their weak investigation and procedural mistake during registration of the first information report, but in fact, two other actors are also responsible; prosecutors and judiciary of Pakistan. This article finds that the three basic pillars of CJS, the police, prosecution and judiciary play a blame game considering each other responsible for these flaws instead of being supportive and to complement each other through institutional coordination. The situation is also worsened by all three pillars operating in isolation despite having the same goals. This article concludes with suggestions for overcoming the weaknesses in the CJS of Pakistan particularly the police force, prosecutor and judiciary and thus ensuring successful prosecution of terrorists in Pakistan.
Quality of life of patients with tongue cancer after hemiglossectomy
Authors: Ganina Ch. A. , Kropotov M. A. , Saprina O. A. , Kosova E. V. , Aketova T. A. , Isaeva M. T. , Gerasimov O. V.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The main part among all malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity is tongue cancer, the leading method of treatment of which is surgery. Surgical treatment leads to a violation of such important functions of the language as speech and swallowing, which in turn reduces the quality of life of patients. However, to date, opinions differ on the issue of performing language reconstruction. In addition, there are no clear indications for the use of one or another type of defect replacement, with the help of which it will be possible to achieve the best functional results.

Aim. To evaluate the functional results after hemiglossectomy for malignant neoplasms of the tongue, compare various reconstruction strategies (with and without a flap).

Materials and methods. The study included 44 patients with tongue cancer with a follow-up period of at least 6 months. Functional results were assessed using a quality of life questionnaire and speech therapy assessment.

Results. Patients who underwent tongue reconstruction had higher functional results and the best indicators of quality of life compared to patients who did not undergo reconstruction.

Conclusion. Hemiglossectomy leads to impaired speech and swallowing functions and, accordingly, to a decrease in the quality of life. Since performing the reconstruction affects the functional results, it should be properly planned before the operation.
Orofacial pain in oncology: use of a new analgesic peptide tafalgin
Authors: Abuzarova G. R. , Sarmanaeva R. R. , Alekseeva G. S. , Kuznetsov S. V. , Gevorkov A. R. , Fedorenko N. A. , Zaretskaya D. A.
Published: December 2023

In patients with head and neck tumors severe pain is more common than in patients with malignant neoplasms of other locations. At a third of patients, pain is the first characteristic of the disease, and after diagnosis, one half of the patients are already having pain syndrome. Аntitumor treatment often not only bring relief, but can intensify pain, which can reduce wish to treated. Part of cancer survivor continue to experience. Thus, orofacial pain syndrome should be share depending on the mechanism of appearence and tactics of treatment on three periods: pain at the stage of diagnosis, then pain syndrome in process antitumor therapy and pain in remission. It is actually if it necessary to prescribe opioid analgesics, especially for a long time. Intensity of orofacial pain syndrome is usually strong and often need to prescribe opioid analgesics. Option to opioid analgesics may be a representative of a new group of analgetics – peptide analgesics – tafalgin. The mechanism of action is due to highly selective agonism to the m1-opioid receptors. The presented clinical example demonstrates the good analgesic effect of tafalgin and the possibility use as option to analgesics of the second stage of pain management.
Prediction of Fatigue and Rutting Premature Distress in Linear layered Flexible Pavements for Different Loading Condition using the Mechanistic-Empirical Method
Authors: Younis Noor , Khlil Assist. Prof. Amina , Abdulmawjoud Prof. Dr. Ayman
Published: December 2023

The research aims to study and analyze the damage to asphalt roads and load change based on (KENPAVE) program by evaluating the performance of flexible pavement using the Mechanistic-Empirical Method (M-E). A multi-layered structure for flexible pavement was assumed with load ratios of 50%, 100%, 150%, and 200% of the standard load according to Iraqi specifications. Depend on horizontal tensile strain at the bottom of asphalt layers to estimate the fatigue failure and on the vertical compressive strain above soil layers to estimate the rutting failure. Analysis of the results showed that the highest values of vertical stress were on the single axle in the wearing layer with a value of (639.753 KPa) for standard load, and the raising of load increased the pressure distributed by the vehicle to the pavement so that the tensile and compressive strain was higher. However, the lower tensile and compressive strain values increased both (Nf and Nr). The highest tensile strain values among the layers occurred at asphalt stabilized base coarse of the single axle of (-1.5*10-4) for the standard load. While the highest compressive strain values exist at the top of the subbase layer of the single axle with dual tires of (4.761*10-4) for the standard load. It was also observed that the increasing of axle loads produces an increase in the vertical displacement of the pavement, where the deformation value on the wearing layer of the tandem axle is (0. 8998 mm) for standard load, and that (84%) of this deformation was in the subgrade layer. However, the highest value of damage ratio was existing at the asphalt stabilized base coarse with a value of (0.04426) at standard load. It was also found that the design life decreases by 9 times when increasing the load twice the standard load, which in turn reduces the paving efficiency.
The Effect of Traditional House Patterns on Changing Privacy Treatments: Traditional Houses in the City of Sulaymaniyah, a Case Study
Authors: Qaradagy Amjad
Published: December 2023

Ancient architecture until the present time. The models of traditional houses in the cities built by Muslims were among the clear examples of the response to this factor, and aspects of privacy may have had a fundamental role in forming their identity and known architectural form, and from here. The problem of this research was to know how traditional houses in the city of Sulaymaniyah, which have a special architectural style and character, respond to the problem of privacy, and do their distinct building styles have an impact on how they deal with the privacy factor? Aiming to know the extent to which the architectural elements used to provide privacy in Sulaymaniyah homes match their previous counterparts in other Islamic cities, the research assumed that privacy treatments in traditional homes in the city of Sulaymaniyah differ from their counterparts, influenced by the distinctive style of traditional homes in the city of Sulaymaniyah. The research concluded that the traditional residential floor patterns common in the city of Sulaymaniyah have clearly influenced the change in the mechanisms of dealing with elements that were previously found to provide visual privacy. It varied between eliminating or reducing some of them to increasing the percentage of some of them, and the emergence of new, innovative models that were not present in similar traditional homes in the region and in the rest of the Islamic cities.
The first sugar factories of Podillia and their historical landscapes
Authors:   Bershad’ secondary school of grades I-III №3, Bershad’, Vinnytsia region, Ukraine, Diomin Oleksandr , Tyutyunnik Yulian ,   Igor Sikorsky National Technical University of Ukraine “KPI”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Sorokina Liudmyla ,   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

The locations of the first sugar factories in Podillia have been identified. The post-technogenic landscapes formed within these locations were studied. The history of the emergence in 1824-1827 and the disappearance (mid-1840s, beginning of 1860s) of the oldest Podil sugar factories in Ukraine is described. These factories were located near the city of Bershad’, Vinnytsia region. The locations of these factories have been established on the outskirts of Glynske village and on Vorony village near the Bershad’. The authenticity of the post-technogenic landscapes formed at the locations of factories was proven by the methods of archaeological soil science and landscape indication. The first sugar factory was located near Glynske village, on the left slope of the valley and on a fragment of the high floodplain of the Dokhna River, the right tributary of the Southern Bug. The second plant was located near Vorony village on the steep slope of the valley of the small Viitivochka River near its confluence with the Dokhna. In the structure of modern landscapes, evidence of the presence of industrial facilities in the past was found here (an old driveway, remains of stone foundations, numerous man-made inclusions in outcrops, in the lower part of the slopes – areas with a hilly characteristic of strongly demutated post-man-made landscapes of sugar mills -pit microrelief of artificial origin, etc.). The results of drilling (up to 270 cm) and descriptions of soil sections testify to the presence of man-made activity in the past related to the production processes of sugar production. The historical status of these landscapes – as a monument of the history of science and technology of Ukraine, and accordingly – the requirement of legal confirmation of such a status for them is substantiated.
Comparison of NaCl Levels in Seasoning Powder Formulation of Nagara Bean Flour (Vigna unguiculata Ssp. cylindrica) and Oyster Mushroom Using the Mohr Method by Direct Titration and Ash Mineral Titration
Authors: Susi Susi , Al Hakim Hisyam Musthafa
Published: December 2023

The use of excessive salt in the food product poses a potential health problem. For this reason, efforts should be made to reduce salt consumption. One of food products containing a significant amount of salt is flavor enhancer. The method of measuring salt content is crucial in seasoning powder to provide a good description of the salt content. Salt content measurement in foodstuffs was analyzed by the Mohr method that can be carried out by direct titration or by kiln to obtain mineral ash. The direct titration method will give faster results than the mineral ash titration. This research aims to obtain a comparison of salt content through direct titration and mineral ash titration, the deviation, and correlation between two methods. The results of the NaCl measurement content with the direct and the ash mineral titration method were significantly different, the correlation regression of the direct titration followed the equation Y = 15.368 + 1.021X. The direct titration showed higher measurement results than the ash mineral titration method. Mohr's method by ash titration is more precise and reliable for measuring NaCl in seasoning powder but requires a longer time.
Visual Performance of Fermented Whey with the Addition of Pectin and Chitosan During 24 Hours Storage at Refrigerator Temperature
Authors: Al-Baarri Ahmad Ni'matullah , Mulyani Sri , Abduh Setya Budi Muhammad , Hadipernata Mulyana , Kamil Rafli Zulfa , Dzakiyalizz Azka Nadiya , Ulayya Ghina , Shaliha Shabrina Nur , Yuliana Tri , Mawarid Ailsa Afra , Pangestika Widia
Published: December 2023

Fermentation of whey often faces problems with the product clarity due to the milk solids residue from previous cheese making process. The aim of this research was to determine the clarity and the performance of fermented whey precipitation process in the presence of pectin and chitosan as coagulant. Whey was initially pasteurized and added with pectin and chitosan prior to fermentation with mixed starter culture. Fermented whey was stored in refrigerator for 24 hours. Data were obtained using visual analysis by 15 semi-trained panelists. Qualitative scorings were given by (+) or (-) markings from the specified criteria. The data were compiled in a table, showcasing the observed characteristics at the initial and final states of fermentation. The results showed that the highest clarity (+++) was achieved by the fermented whey with the addition of pectin, as well as most stable sediment performance (+++) was also produced by pectin treatment. However, while fermented whey with the addition of pectin exhibited clarity, the level of clarity achieved by fermented whey with the addition of chitosan was superior.
Effect of Fermentation Time on Chemical, Microbiological and Hedonic Quality of Kombucha of Arabica Coffee Cascara (Coffea arabica L.)
Authors: Shafira Adrina Eka , Hintono Antonius , Susanti Siti
Published: December 2023

This research aims to determine the effect of different fermentation times on the chemical, microbiological and hedonic quality of Kombucha of Arabica Coffee Cascara. The material used in this study is Arabica Coffee Cascara as a raw material for making kombucha with different fermentation treatment. The research method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions. Fermentation time variations carried out are 2, 4, 6 and 8 days. Data from the testing of chemical and microbiological properties were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a 95% confidence level and if there is a real influence then proceed with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Data from the hedonic quality test results were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis nonparametric test with a confidence level of 95% and if there was a real influence, then proceed with the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that the different fermentation time of Kombucha of Arabica Coffee Cascara had a significant effect (p <0.05) on total acid, total sugar, total alcohol, total microbes, and hedonic quality of the product. The longer the fermentation lasts, the total acid and total alcohol will increase while the total sugar, total microbes and antioxidant activity will decrease. Kombucha of Arabica Coffee Cascara with 8 days fermentation time is the best treatment product because it meets the quality standards and is preferred by panelists.
Water Melon Seed Oil: A Review
Authors: Amrita Gayen, Priti Nayek,Nabaniata Ghosh, Shreyasi Das
Published: December 2023

Throughout the world, Water Melon (Citrullus lanatus Lin) is consumed for desserts, fruit salads, and garnishing beverages. Several therapeutic effects have been reported by the fruit's major bioactive component, Lycopene, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial activities. As a good source of citrulline, which is used for arginine production, watermelon is also a good source of vitamin C.Seeds from watermelon are one of the most underexplored and underutilized sources of oil that are rich in essential fatty acids, vitamin-E, minerals, and have an anti-oxidant effect. It is estimated that the seeds contain 35 - 40% oil, with 78-86% unsaturated fatty acids predominantly linoleic acid (45-73%). Watermelon Seed oil is capable of scavenging low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) as well as high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) in a cell membrane because of its chemical components. In addition to its nutritional properties, it has a rich phytochemical profile and is claimed to have health and medicinal benefits. Carotenoids found in watermelon include lycopene, β-carotene, phytofluene, phytoene, lutein, and neurosporene. Aiming to educate people about the potential benefits of watermelon seed oil, this study aims to reveal the properties of watermelon seed oil
"Muerta ciudad de señores". La ciudad muerta en la España finisecular a través de Campos de Castilla, de Antonio Machado
Authors: Suárez García Noelia
Published: December 2023

Esta investigación trata de profundizar en las relaciones literarias hispano-belgas durante el fin de siglo a través de la poética de la ciudad muerta. Para ello se ha realizado, en primer lugar, una aproximación teórica a la poética espacial belga impulsada por el movimiento de la Jeune Belgique, a partir de los trabajos de Jeannine Paque, Christian Berg y Paul Gorceix, entre otros. En segundo lugar, se ha abordado el tópico de la ciudad muerta a través de las obras de Georges Rodenbach Brujas, la muerta y Le Règne du Silence, para posteriormente analizar su adaptación a la literatura española a través de la imagen de Castilla. Finalmente, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis crítico-comparativo de los espacios muertos por medio de la obra Campos de Castilla, de Antonio Machado en relación con el poemario Le Règne du Silence. Como se precisará a través de la representación de Soria, en el caso español, se observa una crítica social de la que carece el modelo belga.
Immunological and genetic profile of the pediatric population in the nitrate geochemical province
Authors: Dolgikh Oleg V. , Dianova Dina G. , Kazakova Olga A.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: Contamination of groundwater with nitrates may result in substantial adverse effects on the health of various population groups.
AIM: To study the immune status and genetic profile of children residing in the nitrate geochemical province in the Perm Region.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a study on a total of 78 preschool children residing in areas with varying levels of nitrate in the underground drinking water sources. The children were divided into two groups for comparison purposes. The first group consisted of 43 children who consumed drinking water that met the acceptable standards for nitrate content. The second group comprised 35 children who consumed drinking water with elevated levels of nitrates. To assess the impact of nitrate content on the children’s health, several measurements were taken. Firstly, the level of nitrates in the household drinking water was analyzed. Additionally, the concentration of N-nitrosamines and nitrate ions in the children’s urine, was determined. To evaluate the immunoregulation parameters, the technology of flow cytometry and enzyme immunoassay were employed, along with PCR to examine genetic polymorphisms.
RESULTS: A statistically significant difference (p 0.001) was observed in the nitrate content of drinking water between the observation area and the comparison area, with the former showing levels 2.8 times higher. Furthermore, children in the observation group exhibited a significant increase (p 0.05) of 2.3 times in N-nitrosodiethylamine content and 1.6 times in nitrate ion concentration in their urine compared to children in the comparison group. In addition, the observation group displayed a significant decrease (p 0.05) in the number of NKT cells and an increase in the levels of CD3+CD25+-, CD3+CD95+-cells, bax, IL-17, Annexin V-FITC+PI–-, and Annexin V-FITC+PI+-lymphocytes, when compared to the results obtained from the comparison group. Moreover, the presence of polymorphisms in candidate genes associated with tumor formation (CYP1A1 (rs1048943), MMP9 (rs17576), PPARD (rs2016520), BRCA1 G/A (rs3950989)) was also identified.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that children who are exposed to chronic low-levels of nitrates (at a concentration of 1.2 MPC) through drinking water from underground sources exhibit an excessive presence of N-nitrosodiethylamine and nitrate ions in their urine. These findings, in conjunction with the genetic profile of genes responsible for tumor formation, influences the characteristics of the immune response.
Cytotoxic and Anticancer Activity of Pharmacological Pairs of C115H Methionine–Gamma-lyase and S-Propyl-L-Cysteine Sulfoxide
Authors: Abo Qoura Louay , Karshieva Saida S. , Borisova Julia A. , Pokrovsky Vadim S.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: One of the alternate ways to developing novel medication is to use pharmacological pairs: an enzyme and a non-toxic prodrug that, under certain conditions, releases cytotoxic substances within or on the surface of the cancer cells, allowing the drug to be delivered precisely to the cancer cells.
AIM: To evaluate cytotoxic and anticancer effects of the pharmacological pair of C115H methionine-γ-lyase (C115H MGL), conjugated with daidzein (C115H MGL-Dz), and S-propyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (propiin) against different kinds of solid tumors in vitro and in vivo.
METHODS: MTT-test was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of C115H MGL-Dz in the presence of propiin in vitro against human embryonic kidney (HEK-293), human placenta, breast cancer (MCF7, SKBR3, and T47D), colon cancer (HT29 and COLO205), pancreatic cancer (MIA PaCa-2) and prostate cancer (DU145, and PC3) cells. The anticancer activity of the pharmacological pair "C115H MGL-Dz + propiin" against SKBR3, MIA PaCa-2, and HT29 in vivo was investigated using subcutaneous xenografts in BALB/c nude mice.
RESULTS: In comparison to dipropylthiosulfinate generated in vitro using the pharmacological pairs "C115H MGL + propiin", targeted delivery of C115H MGL-Dz as a component of a pharmacological pair "C115H MGL-Dz + propiin" to generate dipropylthiosulfinate directly on the surface of cancer cells enhances cytotoxicity in all cancer cells. The study of the antitumor activity of the pharmacological pair "C115H MGL-Dz + propiin" in vivo revealed a suppression of tumor volume growth in xenografts SKBR3 (tumor growth inhibition, TGI=89%, p=0.004), MIA PaCa-2 (TGI=50%, p=0.011), and HT29 (TGI=52%, p=0.04) vs control.
CONCLUSIONS: On several cancer cells, the cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of dipropylthiosulfinate produced by the pharmacological pair "C115H MGL-Dz + propiin" was observed. Our findings may stimulate more study into the role of pharmacological pairs as a novel strategy to cancer treatment.