bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LncRNA PFAR contributes to fibrogenesis in lung fibroblasts through competitively binding to miR-15a
Authors: Sun Jian , Su Wei , Zhao Xiaoguang , Shan Tianjiao , Jin Tongzhu , Guo Yingying , Li Chao , Li Ruotong , Zhou Yuhong , Shan Hongli , Sun Xiaohan , Liang Haihai
Published: July 2019

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, debilitating disease with unknown etiopathogenesis. Previous reports have reported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were involved in various pathophysiological processes. However, the role of lncRNAs in IPF has not been fully described. We aimed to explore the relationship between miR-15a and lncRNA PFAR and its function in pulmonary fibrosis. Biological information analysis and luciferase were used to identify targeted binding of lncRNA PFAR and miR-15a. Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunofluorescence staining were conducted to detect fibrosis-related factors. Fibroblasts proliferation were analyzed using 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining and fibroblasts migration ability were measured using wound-healing scratch assay. We identified that lncRNA PFAR has a binding site with miR-15a and luciferase reporter assays demonstrated their combinative relationship. Our results showed that silencing PFAR attenuated TGF-β1 induced fibrogenesis in primary lung fibroblasts. And miR-15a antagonized the function of PFAR and inhibited PFAR induced extracellular collagen deposition, fibroblasts proliferation, migration and differentiation. In conclusion, our results revealed that PFAR functions as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by acting as a sponge for miR-15a, revealing a potential regulatory network involving PFAR and miR-15a with a role in the modulation of YAP1-Twist expression. This mechanism may contribute to a better understanding of pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis and treatment method.
N-acetylcysteine tiherapeutically protects against pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model of silicosis
Authors: Huang Huaping , Chen Mingjing , Liu Feng , Wu Haifeng , Wang Jie , Chen Jialiang , Liu Meihua , Li Xi
Published: July 2019

Silicosis is a lethal pneumoconiosis disease characterized by chronic lung inflammation and fibrosis. The present study was to explore the effect of against crystalline silica (CS)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. A total of 138 wild-type C57BL/6J mice were divided into control and experimental groups, and killed on month 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Different doses of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were gavaged to the mice after CS instillation to observe the effect of NAC on CS induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation. The pulmonary injury was evaluated with Hematoxylin and eosin/Masson staining. Reactive oxygen species level was analyzed by DCFH-DA labeling. Commercial ELISA kits were used to determine antioxidant activity (T-AOC, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-6). The expression of oxidising enzymes (NOX2, iNOS, SOD2, and XO) were detected by real time PCR. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to examine epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related markers. The mice treated with NAC presented markedly reduced CS-induced pulmonary injury and ameliorated CS-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation. The level of malondialdehyde was reduced, while the activities of GSH-PX, SOD, and T-AOC were markedly enhanced by NAC. We also found the down-regulation of oxidising enzymes (NOX2, iNOS, SOD2, and XO) after NAC treatment. Moreover, E-cadherin expression was increased while vimentin and Cytochrome C expressions were decreased by NAC. These encouraging findings suggest that NAC exerts pulmonary protective effects in CS-induced pulmonary fibrosis and might be considered as a promising agent for the treatment of silicosis.
Structure and ligand binding of As-p18, an extracellular fatty acid binding protein from the eggs of a parasitic nematode
Authors: Ibáñez-Shimabukuro Marina , Rey-Burusco M. Florencia , Gabrielsen Mads , Franchini Gisela R. , Riboldi-Tunnicliffe Alan , Roe Andrew J. , Griffiths Kate , Cooper Alan , Córsico Betina , Kennedy Malcolm W. , Smith Brian O.
Published: July 2019

Intracellular lipid-binding proteins (iLBPs) of the fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) family of animals transport, mainly fatty acids or retinoids, are confined to the cytosol and have highly similar 3D structures. In contrast, nematodes possess fatty acid-binding proteins (nemFABPs) that are secreted into the perivitelline fluid surrounding their developing embryos. We report structures of As-p18, a nemFABP of the large intestinal roundworm Ascaris suum, with ligand bound, determined using X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In common with other FABPs, As-p18 comprises a ten β-strand barrel capped by two short α-helices, with the carboxylate head group of oleate tethered in the interior of the protein. However, As-p18 exhibits two distinctive longer loops amongst β-strands not previously seen in a FABP. One of these is adjacent to the presumed ligand entry portal, so it may help to target the protein for efficient loading or unloading of ligand. The second, larger loop is at the opposite end of the molecule and has no equivalent in any iLBP structure yet determined. As-p18 preferentially binds a single 18-carbon fatty acid ligand in its central cavity but in an orientation that differs from iLBPs. The unusual structural features of nemFABPs may relate to resourcing of developing embryos of nematodes.
A comparative study on quality parameters of pumpkin, melon and sunflower oils during thermal treatment
Authors: Petkova Zhana , Antova Ginka
Published: July 2019

Current paper reveals the impact of thermal treatment on the quality of two seed oils – pumpkin and melon compared to the quality of the most used oil – sunflower oil. Conventional and microwave heating were used for processing the oils. The duration of the thermal treatment was 9, 12 and 18 min for the conventional heating. The microwave heating was performed with two microwave powers of the equipment (600 W and 900 W) for 3, 6, 9 and 12 min. At every stage of the thermal processing were determined acid and peroxide value, the absorbance of the oils at 232 and 268 nm, tocopherol and fatty acid composition. It was observed that the degree of oxidation of the examined oils during microwave and conventional heating increased with the duration of the thermal process and the power of the microwaves. Also, the two methods of heating had a little impact on the processes leading to the formation of free fatty acids. Total tocopherols of the melon seed oil were more stable to thermal treatment. The amount of linoleic acid decreased in the pumpkin and sunflower oils during microwave treatment, while that of oleic and palmitic acid relatively increased. The biggest change in the fatty acid composition of both oils was found during microwave heating at 900W. The changes in fatty acid composition of thermally treated melon seed oil were insignificant. Overall, melon seed oil was observed to be more thermally stable than pumpkin and sunflower oils.
Association Between Match Activity, Endurance Levels and Maturity in Youth Football Players
Authors: Francini Lorenzo , Rampinini Ermanno , Bosio Andrea , Connolly Darragh , Carlomagno Domenico , Castagna Carlo
Published: July 2019

The aim of the study was to examine the associations between maximal and submaximal field tests with match physical activity and biological maturation in youth football players. Sixty-eight youth football players (U14, U15, U16, U17) performed maximal and submaximal field endurance tests. Biological maturity was estimated calculating the distance from peak height velocity (Y-PHV). Physical match activities were tracked using GPS units and players’ post-match rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded. Mainly moderate associations were found between field tests and match activities. Large correlations were found between Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test level 1, distance covered at high and very high-speed running, the quantity of very high and maximal metabolic power running. Small to moderate associations between match activities and Y-PHV were observed. The magnitude of correlation between match activities and field tests increased from moderate to large when matches with an RPE>5 were considered. The results provide further evidence of the association between young football players’ aerobic performance and match work rate. Submaximal field tests demonstrate ecological validity and may constitute a practical alternative to performing maximal tests. Maturation was found to have a moderate effect on youth players’ match work rate.
Effects of Walking Training with Restricted Blood Flow on HR and HRV Kinetics and HRV Recovery
Authors: Junior Adalberto Ferreira , Schamne Julio Cezar , Perandini Luiz Augusto Buoro , Chimin Patricia , Okuno Nilo Massaru
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of walking training with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) kinetics and HRV recovery. Twenty-one men (53.5±3.2 years; 82.4±13.5 kg; 168.5±7.2 cm) were randomly assigned to two training groups: walk training group with (BFR-W; n=11) and without (NOR-W; n=10) BFR. Before and after training, all subjects underwent body composition evaluation, incremental test, and one constant load test. Walking training was performed 3 times/week, during 6 weeks. Each session was composed by 5 sets of 3-min walking and 1-min rest between the sets. All parameters of HR on- and off-kinetics and RMSSD15
0 parameter of HRV on-kinetics were improved for BFR-W group after training (p<0.05), with an interaction effect for HR on-kinetics parameters and RMSSD15
0 parameter (p<0.05). Also, parameters of time and frequency domain of HRV recovery were also improved in BFR-W after training (p<0.05), with no interaction effect (p>0.05). Additionally, in BFR-W group, RMSSD60s values were improved in some moments after training (p<0.05). Therefore, this study demonstrates that a 6-week walking training with BFR improved cardiac autonomic responses on the onset and recovery of exercise.
Interview mit Dr. Kai Joachimsen – Für faire Bedingungen und Transparenz
Authors: Rychlik Reinhard
Published: July 2019

Dr. Kai Joachimsen hat zum 1. Januar 2019 die Hauptgeschäftsführung des Bundesverbands der Pharmazeutischen Industrie e. V. (BPI) angetreten. Im Interview mit Prof. Reinhard Rychlik spricht er über die aktuelle Situation und die zukünftigen Herausforderungen des BPI.
Endoscopic Treatment of Acute Subdural Hematoma with a Normal Small Craniotomy
Authors: Hwang Sun-Chul , Shin Dong-Seong
Published: July 2019

Background Endoscopic surgery is helpful in evacuating intracranial hematomas. However, the indication and the craniotomy location are still unclear in the endoscopic evacuation of acute subdural hematomas (SDHs). This study evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of endoscopic treatment of acute SDH via a normal small craniotomy.

Methods A normal small craniotomy (∼ 3 × 4 cm) as a surgical window was made at the superior temporal line around the coronal suture on the lesion side. A 4-mm rigid endoscope with a 0-degree lens was introduced into the subdural space, and the hematoma was evacuated using irrigation and suction devices with various angles. Endoscopic surgery was performed in 13 older adult patients with acute SDH. Adequacy of the hematoma evacuation, bleeding control, and clinical outcomes were analyzed.

Results The mean age of the patient was 78.6 years (range: 65–89 years). Four cases of cortical arterial bleeding were encountered and controlled with bipolar cauterization. No re-bleeding was observed postoperatively in any patient. Near-total hematoma removal was achieved. Remnant hematoma was scanty and located in the parietal area. No further craniectomy was required after the endoscopic surgery. The outcome at discharge was closely related to the patient's level of consciousness before the operation.

Conclusion A small craniotomy around the superior temporal line provides an optimal window to evacuate an acute SDH and achieve hemostasis using an endoscope. Endoscopic evacuation of acute SDHs could be effective in selected cases.
Outcome Expectations of Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients: The Influence of Demographic Factors, Pain, Personality Traits, Physical and Psychological Status
Authors: Tolk Jaap J. , Janssen Rob P. A. , Haanstra Tsjitske M. , van der Steen Marieke M C. , Bierma Zeinstra Sita M. A. , Reijman M.
Published: July 2019

Unfulfilled preoperative expectations have a strong influence on the outcome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). More insight into determinants of the level of expectations is useful in identifying patients at risk for having expectations of the treatment result that are too high or too low. This information can be used in optimizing preoperative expectation management. The aim of the current study was to analyze to what extent preoperative outcome expectations of TKA patients are affected by psychological factors, demographic factors, pain, physical function, and general health status. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 204 patients with symptomatic and radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA), scheduled for primary TKA. Outcome expectations were measured using the hospital for special surgery knee replacement expectations survey. Independent variables included were age, sex, body mass index, and patient-reported outcome measures for pain, physical function, quality of life, anxiety, depression, catastrophizing, optimism, and pessimism. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between these variables and preoperative outcome expectations. Female sex, higher age, higher depression score, and duration of complaints > 50 months showed to be significant predictors of lower expectations for the treatment outcome after TKA. Baseline pain and function scores were not related to the level of preoperative expectations. The present study aids in identifying patients at risk for having either too high or too low expectations. This knowledge can be utilized in individualized expectation management interventions.
Dual-Use Intraoperative MRI in Glioblastoma Surgery: Results of Resection, Histopathologic Assessment, and Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Wach Johannes , Goetz Claudia , Shareghi Kasra , Scholz Torben , Heßelmann Volker , Mager Ann-Kathrin , Gottschalk Joachim , Vatter Hartmut , Kremer Paul
Published: July 2019

Background To achieve maximal resection in glioblastoma (GBM) surgery, intraoperative imaging is important. An intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) suite used for both diagnostic and intraoperative imaging is considered being a reasonable concept for modern hospital management. It is still discussed if the dual use increases the risk of surgical site infections (SSI). This article assesses the rate of gross total resection (GTR), extent of resection (EOR), and histopathology after iMRI-guided resections in patients with GBM. The rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) is evaluated.

Methods In all, 79 patients with GBM were operated on with iMRI. Additional resection was performed if iMRI depicted contrast enhancing tissue suggestive of residual tumor. GTR and EOR were determined by segmentation and volumetric analysis of the MR images. SSIs and the role of intravenous only or intravenous plus intrathecal antibiotics were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed to detect the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of iMRI-guided extended resections. Pearson's two-tailed chi-square test was performed to evaluate the rates of GTR and variables associated with SSI.

Results GTR was achieved in 59 patients (74.68%). Rate of GTR was 35.44% before iMRI and additional resections (p < 0.0001). Mean EOR was 96.27%. Positive predictive value for tumor cells in the additionally resected tissue was 88.6%, negative predictive value was 100%, sensitivity was 100%, and specificity was 70. 6%. Rate of SSIs was 5.06% (n = 4). Two superficial SSIs, one subdural empyema and one cerebritis, were seen. SSI rates with parenteral only and additional intrathecal antibiotics were 0% and 8%, respectively (p = 0.133).

Conclusion Increase of extent of tumor resection using iMRI is evident. SSI rate is within the normal range of neurosurgical procedures. A dual-use iMRI suite is a safe concept.
The Effect of BML-111 in Preeclampsia Rat Model Induced by the Low Dose of Cadmium Chloride
Authors: Zhang KeKe , Hu Min , Zhang Lin , Zhang Qiong , Huang Yinping
Published: July 2019

Aim This article determines the optimal time and dose of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) injected to pregnant rat to establish experimental preeclampsia (PE) model. In addition, the therapeutic potential of BML-111, a lipoxin A4 analogue, in the CdCl2-induced PE model was also evaluated.

Methods Peritoneal injection of two dose of CdCl2 for successive 6 days was tested in the pregnant rats starting from various gestational days (GDs). During this process, the systolic blood pressure and the body weight of pregnant rats and neonatal rats were monitored. The pathological changes of the placenta and kidney were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in the placentas was detected by Western blot, and the messenger ribonucleic acid expression of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-10 in the placentas were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. BML-111 at the dose of 1 mg/kg/day was peritoneally injected into the rat after establishing the PE model to test its therapeutic potential.

Results In the present study, we successfully established the PE model in pregnant rats by intraperitoneally injection of CdCl2 at the dose of 0.125 mg/kg/day from GD 9 to 14. We recapitulated multiple features of clinical PE in CdCl2-induced rat, including high blood pressure, renal dysfunction, and inflammatory response in placenta. Furthermore, treatment with BML-111 significantly relieved multiple features in our PE rat model.

Conclusions BML-111 has a potential therapeutic effect in pregnant rats with CdCl2-induced PE, which appears to be mediated through inhibition of inflammatory processes in the placenta.
Portal Hypertensive Biliopathy in Adult Patients: Findings and Interventional Radiologic Treatment—A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Cappelli Alberta , Modestino Francesco , Mosconi Cristina , De Benedittis Caterina , Bruno Antonio , Papadopoulos Dimitris , Vitale Giovanni , Cucchetti Alessandro , Berardi Sonia , Morelli Maria Cristina , Golfieri Rita
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphologic appearance, the clinical scenario, and the outcomes of patients with portal hypertensive biliopathy (PHB), particularly in the symptomatic subgroup treated with interventional radiology (IR) procedures. The outcome of 20 patients with PHB were retrospectively reviewed over a 5-year period. In all cases, the extrahepatic portal vein occlusion (EHPVO) and the compensatory cavernomatosis was the cause of PHB. Eight out of 20 patients had severe symptoms (jaundice and bleeding). Five out of these eight patients were successfully treated with IR procedures. PHB is a rare but serious complication of PH from EHPVO. IR treatments are highly effective in controlling symptoms. Moreover, IR procedures, as drainage and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement, are the first-line treatment in cases of life-threatening bleeding from ruptures of the varices.
Expression and localisation of epidermal growth factor receptors and their ligands in the lower genital tract of cycling cows
Authors: Saǧsöz Hakan , Liman Narin , Güney Saruhan Berna , Akbalık Mehmet E. , Ketani Muzaffer A. , Topaloǧlu Uǧur
Published: July 2019

The epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB) family and its ligands are essential for the regulation of multiple cellular processes required for mammalian reproduction. The objectives of this study were to investigate the expression and localisation of ErbB subtypes (ErbB1–4) and selected ligands, namely epidermal growth factor (EGF), amphiregulin (AREG) and neuregulin (NRG), in the cervix and vagina of cycling cows and to determine possible steroid hormone-dependence of their expression using immunohistochemistry. All four ErbBs and EGF, AREG and NRG proteins were found to be localised in the nucleus and cytoplasm of different cells in the cervix and vagina, and their expression differed during the oestrous cycle. During the follicular phase, in both the cervix and vagina, ErbB1, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4 and EGF expression was higher in the luminal epithelium (LE) than in stromal and smooth muscle (SM) cells (P<0.05). During the luteal phase, the expression of ErbB1, ErbB3 and EGF in the LE was significantly different from that in stromal and SM cells in the cervix, whereas the expression of EGF and AREG differed in the vagina compared to the cervix (P<0.05). Throughout the oestrous cycle, in both the cervix and vagina, although ErbB2/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression in the LE and SM cells was significantly higher than in the stromal cells (P<0.05), NRG expression was similar in the LE, stromal and SM cells (P>0.05). Overall, these results suggest that all four ErbBs and the EGF, AREG and NRG proteins may collectively contribute to several cellular processes in the bovine cervix and vagina during the oestrous cycle.
Gay rights as a symbol of ideological struggles between Russia and the West
Authors: Koller Veronika
Published: July 2019

This chapter will investigate how two news articles, from the British Guardian and from Russia Today, report on the issue of gay rights in Russia, as mentioned in a press conference given by Russian president Putin in the run-up to the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. The analysis will employ a socio-cognitive approach to critical discourse studies. Similarities and differences in social actor representation and cohesion in the two texts will be explained as illustration that both Putin and the writers of the articles seek to engage in strategic ideological communication to effect social categorisation, construct in-groups and out-groups, and design their texts for particular audiences. The findings will be discussed against a background of increasing geopolitical and ideological tensions between Russia and some Western countries.
Impoliteness in parliamentary questions
Authors: Nowak Bartholomäus
Published: July 2019

This chapter aims to examine Polish parliamentary discourse by linking (im)politeness theory with approaches describing questions. To achieve this, a corpus from four Polish Question Times was created, analyzing the degree of impoliteness in all of the 336 questions contained within it. In order to minimize the uncertainty of interpretations concerning the politicians’ intentions, scholarly literature from political sciences on parliamentary questions was also applied. Overall, the quantitative analysis revealed a high occurrence of face threatening acts via questions, and a substantial difference according to the political orientation of the opposition. The use of impolite questions by the right-wing opposition far exceeds the use of similar questions by the left-wing opposition. The qualitative analysis shows the full range of impolite questions, from weakest to strongest. Even within the ruling coalition, MPs deal with face threatening questions attacking their “own” government. They mitigate the face threat by using, for example, indirect formulations or the conditional mood. Apart from that, MPs pose partisan questions which enhance the face of their party’s ministers and simultaneously damage the one of the opposition.
Discursive construction of ‘Us’ and ‘Them’
Authors: Riehn Sonja
Published: July 2019

Commemorative speeches as an annual ritual play an important role in the memory discourse of a society. They construct political and social realities, as well as a collective identity. The following paper discusses the content and the form of official remembrance of the Homeland War in Croatia, which took place from 1991 to 1995. In particular, I will focus on the constitution of the elements of national identity and collective memory of the 1990s within the selected speeches of Croatian political leaders between 2004 and 2016. Hereby, the emphasis is on the discursive presentation of Self and Others. The analysis draws on theoretical and methodological frameworks of the Discourse-Historical Approach within the Critical Discourse Analysis.
‘Like a donkey carrying books’
Authors: Badarneh Muhammad A.
Published: July 2019

This study aims to show how intertextuality is exploited as an impoliteness resource in online reader comments on the website of a London-based pan-Arab Arabic-language daily newspaper. Analysis of 140 reader responses containing impolite references shows that readers called upon and appropriated the language and imagery of impolite and culturally salient prior texts from four sources to perform impoliteness: traditional scriptures, historical texts, poetic texts, and popular proverbs. The use and reception of these impolite intertextualities rely on familiarity with the intertextual source in question. The creative recycling of privileged authoritative texts, use of metaphorical language, invoking of gender identity, and reproducing of particular ideologies played a pivotal role in performing this intertextual impoliteness. The perception of such intertextual impoliteness is crucially influenced by culture as a “general text” (Kristeva 1980) that adds to the complexity of impoliteness when analyzed within a culture-specific context.
From here
Authors: Ord Matthew
Published: July 2019

This article considers the sonic construction of place in English folk music recordings.
Recent shifts in the political context have stimulated renewed interest in English identity within folk music
culture. Symbolic struggles over folk’s political significance highlight both the contested nature of English
identity and music’s semantic ambiguity, with texts being interpolated into discourses of both ethnic purity
and multiculturalism. Following research in popular music, sound studies and multimodal communication this
article explores the use of field recording to explore questions of place and Englishness in the work of
contemporary folk artists. A multimodal analysis of Stick in the Wheel’s From Here: English Folk Field
Recordings (2017) suggests that a multimodal approach
to musical texts that attends to the semantic affordances of sound recording can provide insight into folk
music’s role in debates over the nature of English identity.
The dynamics of Nepali pronominal distinctions in familiar, casual and formal relationships
Authors: van Driem George L.
Published: July 2019

Nepali uses various morphological means formally to distinguish at least five levels of deference in verbal interaction. In addition to the three Nepali second person pronouns, for each of which the Nepali verb distinguishes separate conjugated forms, Nepali speakers also make use of the deferentially conjugated verb in combination with the respectful term hajur or with kinship terms to give expression to different levels of deference and formality. Moreover, the Nepali verb distinguishes a separate mediopassively conjugated construction used exclusively when the notional subject of the sentence is a member of the former royal family. Speakers can also exploit the device of the ambiguous avoidance term āphu ‘self’ or make oblique reference to the second person through the use of the first person plural when a speaker is uncertain of the register which would be most appropriate.

Unlike the simple two-term system found in many Western languages, such as French tu vs. vous, the choice of pronoun and conjugation between intimate friends and indeed between higher caste married couples tends to be highly asymmetrical. The semiotics of this asymmetry is commensurate with the degree of intimacy which the two individuals feel towards each other. This phenomenon, strikingly unfamiliar to the contemporary Occidental, illustrates rather vividly how different the sensibilities and semantic underpinnings of the many tiers of deference expressed by pronominal usage and other morphological parameters in Nepali are from those of an intimate interaction whereby the two European individuals might simply be able to tutoyer each other. A descriptive account is provided of actual usage, and an analytical exposition of the semiotics of this morphologically diverse system of indexing relationships in Nepali speech is presented.
The Chinese pronominal system and identity construction via self-reference
Authors: Xue Bing , Zhang Shaojie
Published: July 2019

In the Chinese pronominal system, the first-person singular pronoun wǒ is the unmarked or grammatical form of the speaker’s reference to himself/herself, which is deictic in nature. In daily conversation, however, other deictic expressions such as plural first-person and second-person pronouns, and even non-deictic proper names and descriptive expressions, can be employed to convey self-referential meanings. By analyzing the data collected from an authoritative Chinese corpus, we claim that self-reference is not merely the marking of the speaker’s participant role but a process of identity foregrounding or ad hoc identity construction exploited by the speaker in communication. This identity construction via self-reference reflects the dynamics and complexity of self-reference in verbal interaction.
Pronouns in affinal avoidance registers
Authors: Kruspe Nicole , Burenhult Niclas
Published: July 2019

Affinal avoidance registers are strategies of restrained linguistic conduct in relation to one’s in-laws. Current theories are primarily concerned with two types of strategies: (1) taboos on uttering the proper names of affines, and (2) substitution of everyday words with dedicated parallel lexicon in the presence of affines (so-called “mother-in-law languages”). However, the role of pronouns has received limited attention. Here we explore little-known registers in the Aslian languages (Austroasiatic, Malay Peninsula), where dedicated pronoun paradigms take centre stage in communication with and about in-laws. We characterise and compare these closely related but internally diverse systems, situate them in their cultural contexts, and discuss their status in relation to current theories and typologies of avoidance and honorific registers.
A Dependency Grammar of English
Authors: Osborne Timothy
Published: July 2019

Dependency grammar (DG) is an approach to the syntax of natural languages with a long and venerable tradition, yet awareness of its potential to serve as a basis for principled analyses of natural language syntax is minimal due to the predominance of phrase structure grammar (PSG). This book presents a DG of English with two main goals in mind. The first is to make the principles of dependency syntax accessible to a general audience so that the novice linguist as well as the seasoned syntactician becomes fully aware of what makes DG unique as an approach to the study of natural language syntax. The second is to present and develop a version of DG that then serves as a principled basis for the investigation of central areas of the syntax of English, such as long-distance dependencies, coordination, ellipsis, valency, etc. An overarching theme in all this is that DG is simple compared to PSG, yet despite this simplicity, it is quite effective at shedding light on the nature of syntactic phenomena.
Evaluation of aluminium/alumina/titanium composites produced by continual annealing and roll-bonding process
Authors: Noohi Zohre , Toroghinejad Mohammad Reza , Golozar Mohammad Ali , Cavaliere Pasquale
Published: July 2019

Anodising, continual annealing and roll-bonding (CAR) processes were employed to fabricate aluminium/alumina/titanium composites with different amounts of alumina. After each rolling cycle, annealing treatment was performed at 300°C for 1 h. After six cycles of CAR process, the Al/0.22 vol.-% Al2O3/13vol.-%Ti composite showed uniform alumina and titanium particles distribution. The tensile strength of the composites first decreased after the first cycle, then increased up to 200 MPa after the sixth cycle. Conversely, by increasing the alumina content (Al/0.43vol.-%Al2O3/13vol.-%Ti composite), microhardness and tensile strength immediately increased. SEM micrographs demonstrated that by increasing the number of cycles, the dimples density increased from 0.007 to 0.028 µm−2 for the first and the last cycles, respectively.
Interpretative and predictive modelling of Joint European Torus collisionality scans
Authors: Eriksson F , Fransson E , Oberparleiter M , Nordman H , Strand P , Salmi A , Tala T
Published: July 2019

Transport modelling of Joint European Torus (JET) dimensionless collisionality scaling experiments in various operational scenarios is presented. Interpretative simulations at a fixed radial position are combined with predictive JETTO simulations of temperatures and densities, using the TGLF transport model. The model includes electromagnetic effects and collisions as well as

E

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×

B

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shear in Miller geometry. Focus is on particle transport and the role of the neutral beam injection (NBI) particle source for the density peaking. The experimental 3-point collisionality scans include L-mode, and H-mode (D and H and higher beta D plasma) plasmas in a total of 12 discharges. Experimental results presented in (Tala et al 2017 44th EPS Conf.) indicate that for the H-mode scans, the NBI particle source plays an important role for the density peaking, whereas for the L-mode scan, the influence of the particle source is small. In general, both the interpretative and predictive transport simulations support the experimental conclusions on the role of the NBI particle source for the 12 JET discharges.
Enhanced ponderomotive force in graphene due to interband resonance
Authors: Wolff C , Tserkezis C , Mortensen N Asger
Published: July 2019

We analyze intrinsic nonlinearities in two-dimensional (2D) polaritonic materials interacting with an optical wave. Focusing on the case of graphene, we show that the second-order nonlinear optical conductivity due to carrier density fluctuations associated with the excitation of a plasmon polariton is closely related to the ponderomotive force due to the oscillating optical field. A recent study (Sun et al 2018 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
115 3285–9) derived this force in the hydrodynamic regime of a generic Dirac fluid, and suggested that inclusion of interband transitions could have interesting implications. Here we reproduce the Drude-like result in a more general fashion on the basis of thermodynamics, which makes extension to other regimes straightforward. We find that for zero temperature a diverging nonlinearity is found at the interband threshold. By including finite-temperature effects this is regularized, but remains quite significant even at room temperature. Going further beyond, we include nonlocal corrections as a second potential source of regularization, and find that they do not lead to broadening (as one would usually expect e.g. due to Landau damping), but rather to a splitting of the ponderomotive interband resonance, providing a very characteristic signature of nonlocality. Our analysis should prove useful to the open quest for exploiting nonlinearities in graphene and other 2D polaritonic materials, through effects such as photon drag.
Laser cooling with adiabatic transfer on a Raman transition
Authors: Greve G P , Wu B , Thompson J K
Published: July 2019

Sawtooth Wave Adiabatic Passage (SWAP) laser cooling was recently demonstrated using a narrow-linewidth single-photon optical transition in atomic strontium and may prove useful for cooling other atoms and molecules. However, many atoms and molecules lack the appropriate narrow optical transition. Here we use such an atom, 87Rb, to demonstrate that two-photon Raman transitions with arbitrarily-tunable linewidths can be used to achieve 1D SWAP cooling without significantly populating the intermediate excited state. Unlike SWAP cooling on a narrow transition, Raman SWAP cooling allows for a final 1D temperature well below the Doppler cooling limit (here, 25 times lower); and the effective excited state decay rate can be modified in time, presenting another degree of freedom during the cooling process. We also develop a generic model for Raman Landau–Zener transitions in the presence of small residual free-space scattering for future applications of SWAP cooling in other atoms or molecules.
Single-trajectory spectral analysis of scaled Brownian motion
Authors: Sposini Vittoria , Metzler Ralf , Oshanin Gleb
Published: July 2019

A standard approach to study time-dependent stochastic processes is the power spectral density (PSD), an ensemble-averaged property defined as the Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function of the process in the asymptotic limit of long observation times,

T
→
∞

. In many experimental situations one is able to garner only relatively few stochastic time series of finite T, such that practically neither an ensemble average nor the asymptotic limit

T
→
∞

can be achieved. To accommodate for a meaningful analysis of such finite-length data we here develop the framework of single-trajectory spectral analysis for one of the standard models of anomalous diffusion, scaled Brownian motion. We demonstrate that the frequency dependence of the single-trajectory PSD is exactly the same as for standard Brownian motion, which may lead one to the erroneous conclusion that the observed motion is normal-diffusive. However, a distinctive feature is shown to be provided by the explicit dependence on the measurement time T, and this ageing phenomenon can be used to deduce the anomalous diffusion exponent. We also compare our results to the single-trajectory PSD behaviour of another standard anomalous diffusion process, fractional Brownian motion, and work out the commonalities and differences. Our results represent an important step in establishing single-trajectory PSDs as an alternative (or complement) to analyses based on the time-averaged mean squared displacement.
Expanding the Lorentz concept in magnetism
Authors: Bowden G J , van der Laan G , Hesjedal T , Hicken R J
Published: July 2019

In 1878, the Dutch physicist Hendrik Antoon Lorentz first addressed the calculation of the local electric field at an atomic site in a ferroelectric material, generated by all the other electric dipoles within the sample. This calculation, which applies equally well to ferromagnets, is taught in Universities around the World. Here we demonstrate that the Lorentz concept can be used to speed up calculations of the local dipolar field in square, circular, and elliptical shaped monolayers and thin films, not only at the center of the film, but across the sample. Calculations show that long elliptical and rectangular films should exhibit the narrowest ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth. In addition, discrete dipole calculations show that the Lorentz cavity field

μ

0

M
/
3

does not hold in tetragonal films. Depending on the ratio (b/a), the local field can be either less/greater than

μ

0

M
/
3

:

an observation that has implications for FMR. 3D simple cubic (SC) systems are also examined. For example, while most texts discuss the Lorentz cavity field in terms of a Lorentz sphere, the Lorentz cavity field still holds when a Lorentz sphere is replaced by a the Lorentz cube, but only in cubic SC, FCC and BCC systems. Finally, while the primary emphasis is on the discrete dipole–dipole interaction, contact is made with the continuum model. For example, in the continuous SC dipole model, just one monolayer is required to generate the Lorentz cavity field. This is in marked contrast to the discrete dipole model, where a minimum of five adjacent monolayers is required.
How does gendered vulnerability shape the adoption and impact of sustainable livelihood interventions in an era of global climate change?
Authors: Call Maia , Sellers Samuel
Published: July 2019

Background. Though many studies have long considered the broad social implications of climate change, researchers have only recently started to consider the gendered unevenness of the global landscape of vulnerability, exposure, and adaptive capacity to environmental stressors and shocks. Historically, policies and interventions addressing natural resource-based livelihoods have rarely considered underlying gender dynamics despite the global pervasiveness of gendered disparities in both economic opportunities and welfare outcomes. Methods/Design. Using two electronic databases, Web of Science and Scopus, we conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed academic literature describing livelihoods policies or interventions that included documentation of gendered impacts. We focused on natural resource-based livelihoods most likely to be affected by climate change, centering on interventions targeting agriculture, fisheries and aquaculture, and forestry. Review Results/Synthesis. We identified 131 relevant articles, most of which focus on adoption or participation in interventions rather than outcomes. In general, women are less likely than men to engage with sustainable livelihoods interventions. When women do engage, some researchers have documented income and food security gains as well as improvements in environmental indicators in the short-term. However, these initiatives have also been found to increase women’s labor burden without corresponding gains in income. Few studies measure longer-term effects of women’s engagement on welfare and environmental outcomes, a key gap in the literature. Additionally, relatively few studies explore the intersectional impacts of initiatives, such as the added burdens of ethnicity, class, education, or other differences that modify gender disparities. Discussion. Climate change has gendered impacts on natural resource-based livelihoods. In general, existing initiatives designed to increase livelihood resilience fail to reduce gender disparities and improve women’s livelihoods. Greater attention should be paid to gender when designing sustainable livelihoods policies and interventions in order to increase adoption and participation, negotiate trade-offs, improve environmental conditions, and promote broadly beneficial welfare outcomes.
Characterizing multipartite entanglement classes via higher-dimensional embeddings
Authors: Ritz Christina , Spee Cornelia , Gühne Otfried
Published: July 2019

Witness operators are a central tool to detect entanglement or to distinguish among the different entanglement classes of multiparticle systems, which can be defined using stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC). We show a one-to-one correspondence between general SLOCC witnesses and a class of entanglement witnesses in an extended Hilbert space. This relation can be used to derive SLOCC witnesses from criteria for full separability of quantum states; moreover, given SLOCC witnesses can be viewed as entanglement witnesses. As applications of this relation we discuss the calculation of overlaps between different SLOCC classes and the SLOCC classification in

-dimensional systems.
Oxidation by Hydrogen Peroxide Changes Crystallinity and Physicochemical Properties of Banana Flour
Authors: Cahyana Y , Pratiwi P A , Marta H , Djali M , Halim I R , Urrohmah S , Khairunnissa D S , Sutardi A A
Published: July 2019

Banana flour var nangka has been oxidised using hydrogen peroxide at concentration of 1 to 3 % using native banana flour as a control. Functional and pasting properties and the change in crystalline type have been compared following the modification. Investigation using XRD showed that oxidation by hydrogen peroxide decreased the crystallinity from 56.9% in the native to around 52% in the oxidised flour. The crystalline type however remained unchanged (B type). There was no remarkable difference of properties following oxidation at various concentration of hydrogen peroxide, suggesting that the smallest concentration in the present study (1%) was sufficient to modify the banana flour. In terms of functional properties, oxidation increased swelling volume, freeze thaw stability and gel strength but decreased solubility, water absorption capacity and whiteness degree. Other parameters of pasting properties were not significantly affected by oxidation in the present range of concentration except the setback and breakdown viscosity which decreased compared to the native flour.
Sharia Microfinance Institutions Financing Model for Strengthening Agricultural Sector
Authors: Darwanto  , Roessali W , Woyanti N , Salam A N , Santosa P B
Published: July 2019

The agricultural sector is a sector that has a strategic role in economic development in Indonesia. However, the agricultural sector has several problems such as less secure of farmers’ welfare, low access to capital and marketing of crops. The existence of farmers’ groups and Sharia Microfinance Institutions (LKMS) has not been able to optimize the potential of the agricultural sector. The purpose of this study is to formulate a strengthening model from institutional aspects through local farmers’ groups and capital strengthening through the inter mediation of Sharia Financial Institutions (LKS) through a linkage program. The model of institutional strengthening of farmers’ groups and capital ofLKSfinancing can be one of the foundations of national economic development. This study used a qualitative approach. Data were collected from the results of in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD) and questionnaires. This study examines: (1) strengthening of farmers’ group institutions; (2) development of the agricultural sector financing model through inter mediation between localLKSandLKMSand linkage programs between farmers’ groups andLKMS
Physical and Functional Characteristics of Snakehead Fish Protein Concentrate Produced by Acid and Alkali Solubilization Methods
Authors: Ikasari D , Donny Y
Published: July 2019

The increase consumption of Snakehead fish crude extract as supplement drink has left the fish meat residue which has been utilized yet. The study aims to investigate the physical characteristics of fish protein concentrate (FPC) produced from Snakehead fish (Channa striata) extraction by product using acid and alkali solubilization methods. The acid method was performed by adding HCl 0,1N until pH during extraction reached 2,3, and 4, while for alkali method using NaOH 0,1M with extraction pH of 10,11,12. The FPC was analyzed for its color, whiteness and functional properties. The results indicated that the highest whiteness was obtained from treatment of pH 4 e.g 69,9%. pH 11 resulted FPC with the highest L value, i.e 85.54 but low a* and b* values, i.e 0.33 and 19.1. Acid solubilization method resulted FPC with lower emulsifying activity but higher emulsifying solubility compared to alkali solubilization method. The acid solubilization method was considered more effective in producing FPC rather than alkali solubilization method due to higher physical and functional characteristics of FPC.