bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of Graphite Oxidation with Environment and Specimen Geometry Variations
Authors: Smith Rebecca E. , Windes William
Published: January 2023

For oxidation data from diverse studies to be compared and applied to nuclear graphite degradation behavior, all testing must quantify the oxidation rate as a material-specific property under tightly controlled test conditions. Graphite oxidation behavior is affected by a wide range of parameter variations beyond graphite grade and oxidation temperature. ASTM D7542-15 attempts to control the graphite oxidation with specific furnace dimensions and careful test parameters designed to establish surplus oxygen conditions over a limited temperature range. Practical constraints for relating the observed oxidation of the standardized test sample size to smaller sample geometries must be considered along with the testing conditions to enforce an intrinsic, or material-specific, response. Similarly, these same test parameters must be examined when altering the oxidizing furnace (i.e., oxidizing within a thermogravimetric analyzer [TGA]) to ensure consistent intrinsic response rather than responding to the extrinsic test conditions. Here, data are presented from both vertical furnace and TGA experiments. Substantial differences in sample dimensions and geometric proportions require substantial verification of the test conditions. Because these variations can influence oxygen availability, the presence of excess oxygen must be confirmed to validate the range of conditions over which the data from disparate oxidizing systems can be compared. Statistical reproduction of testing over a suitable range of parameters appears to be more important than accommodating larger specimens, competing priorities that are particularly challenging for irradiated materials. The major considerations addressed are oxygen supply (partial pressure, gas flow, availability at the interface), specimen dimensions and purity, grade-specific microstructural effects (mass loss progression, oxidation penetration, and density gradient evolution), concurrent with temperature effects for tested conditions.
Potential Reserve Army and Diverging Paths of Transition in (Former) Socialist Economies
Authors: Xu Zhun
Published: January 2023

The causes of diverging transition paths of (former) socialist economies are best understood through a framework centered on the differences in the composition of their working classes; in particular, the sizes of their respective potential reserve armies. An examination of the historical process of market reforms in socialist economies suggests that a sizable potential reserve army could give rise to a gradual approach to market transition. In contrast, a negligible potential reserve army could lead to either a shock therapy or a long impasse.
The Proletariat in Marx and Engels' Critique of Capitalism, 1842–1848
Authors: Buissink Katjo
Published: January 2023

Marx and Engels’ development during the 1840s is often approached by comparing their main theoretical work before and after 1846. Yet Marx and Engels were both active participants in political movements building up to the revolutionary wave which swept across Europe in 1848–49. This political context, and their personal belief in the political importance of the proletariat, are essential for understanding why Marx and Engels followed their chosen lines of research. As early as 1843, both men see the proletariat's potential as a revolutionary group and seek to develop this relationship further in their writings. For this reason, it is necessary to interpret Marx and Engels’ works and theoretical shifts during 1842–1848 in the context of their broader political development focused on the proletariat's role in the coming revolutions. This context shapes their prominent theoretical works, highlighting the strategic principles that they developed in their activist-oriented writings.
Why Some Mice Are Smarter than Others: The Impact of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling on Cognition
Authors: Bonds Jacqueline A. , Tunc-Ozcan Elif , Dunlop Sara R. , Rawat Radhika , Peng Chian-Yu , Kessler John A.
Published: January 2023

Inbred mice (C57Bl/6) display wide variability in performance on hippocampal-dependent cognitive tasks. Examination of microdissected dentate gyrus (DG) after cognitive testing showed a highly significant negative correlation between levels of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and recognition memory. Cognitive performance decline during the aging process, and the degree of cognitive decline is strongly correlated with aging-related increases in BMP signaling. Further, cognitive performance was impaired when the BMP inhibitor, noggin, was knocked down in the DG. Infusion of noggin into the lateral ventricles enhanced DG-dependent cognition while BMP4 infusion led to significant impairments. Embryonic overexpression of noggin resulted in lifelong enhancement of recognition and spatial memory while overexpression of BMP4 resulted in lifelong impairment, substantiating the importance of differences in BMP signaling in wild-type mice. These findings indicate that performance in DG-dependent cognitive tasks is largely determined by differences in levels BMP signaling in the dentate gyrus.
Water-Reaching Platform for Longitudinal Assessment of Cortical Activity and Fine Motor Coordination Defects in a Huntington Disease Mouse Model
Authors: Wang Yundi , Sepers Marja D. , Xiao Dongsheng , Raymond Lynn A. , Murphy Timothy H.
Published: January 2023

Huntington disease (HD), caused by dominantly inherited expansions of a CAG repeat results in characteristic motor dysfunction. Although gross motor defects have been extensively characterized in multiple HD mouse models using tasks such as rotarod and beam walking, less is known about forelimb deficits. We develop a high-throughput alternating reward/nonreward water-reaching task and training protocol conducted daily over approximately two months to simultaneously monitor forelimb impairment and mesoscale cortical changes in GCaMP activity, comparing female zQ175 (HD) and wild-type (WT) littermate mice, starting at ∼5.5 months. Behavioral analysis of the water-reaching task reveals that HD mice, despite learning the water-reaching task as proficiently as wild-type mice, take longer to learn the alternating event sequence as evident by impulsive (noncued) reaches and initially display reduced cortical activity associated with successful reaches. At this age gross motor defects determined by tapered beam assessment were not apparent. Although wild-type mice displayed no significant changes in cortical activity and reaching trajectory throughout the testing period, HD mice exhibited an increase in cortical activity, especially in the secondary motor and retrosplenial cortices, over time, as well as longer and more variable reaching trajectories by approximately seven months. HD mice also experienced a progressive reduction in successful performance. Tapered beam and rotarod tests as well as reduced DARPP-32 expression (striatal medium spiny neuron marker) after water-reaching assessment confirmed HD pathology. The water-reaching task can be used to inform on a daily basis, HD and other movement disorder onset and manifestation, therapeutic intervention windows, and test drug efficacy.
Ten Strategies to Foster Open Science in Psychology and Beyond
Authors: Alessandroni Nicolás , Byers-Heinlein Krista
Published: January 2023

The scientific community has long recognized the benefits of open science. Today, governments and research agencies worldwide are increasingly promoting and mandating open practices for scientific research. However, for open science to become the by-default model for scientific research, researchers must perceive open practices as accessible and achievable. A significant obstacle is the lack of resources providing a clear direction on how researchers can integrate open science practices in their day-to-day workflows. This article outlines and discusses ten concrete strategies that can help researchers use and disseminate open science. The first five strategies address basic ways of getting started in open science that researchers can put into practice today. The last five strategies are for researchers who are more advanced in open practices to advocate for open science. Our paper will help researchers navigate the transition to open science practices and support others in shifting toward openness, thus contributing to building a better science.
Egalitarianism and Economic Rents in Distributional Inequalities
Authors: Avent-Holt Dustin
Published: January 2023

The concept of economic rent is a prominent theoretical anchor for many sociologists studying distributional inequalities. However, its normative assumptions and implications have been undertheorized, leaving its connection to the reasons why we might object to economic rents unclear. In this article, I scrutinize economic rents through the two dominant egalitarian frameworks in political philosophy: luck egalitarianism and relational egalitarianism. I find that rents as typically conceptualized—as deviations from a competitive market outcome—fail to align with either normative framework, operating in some cases orthogonally to their concerns but mostly contradictory to them. Ultimately, economic rents provide an anti-egalitarian distributional metric, the perfectly competitive market, to pursue the egalitarian aim of eliminating structural advantages. The concept thereby fails to capture the way that distributional inequalities are normatively problematic or even what constitutes inequality in the first place. I conclude by using relational egalitarianism as a starting point for better grounding the concept of economic rent.
The imprinting effect of previous NPO work experience on social entrepreneurship
Authors: Su Xiaohua , Wang Wenjie , Wang Zhaochen , Ye Wenping , Zhang Shujun
Published: January 2023

Social entrepreneurship (SE) has gained considerable momentum worldwide as it aspires reconcile and integrate the twin goals of sustainable development and wealth creation, contributing to improved environmental quality and social well-being. We examine the antecedents and contextual forces of SE. Built on imprinting theory, we analyze the impact of previous work experience in nonprofit organizations (NPOs) and the institutional factors on SE decisions. Based on a comparison of 50 countries in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor database, we find that the processes and driving forces associated with SE are embedded in a matrix of imprinting factors. Specifically, individuals with previous NPO work experience have a higher propensity to engage in SE, while business entrepreneurial experience weakens this relationship. Institutional and environmental factors such as unemployment rate and the existence of a long-term orientated national culture also strengthen this relationship.
Geodetic datum determination for the Urbas landslide geodetic network
Authors: Pleterski Žan , Kregar Klemen , Urbančič Tilen
Published: January 2023

This article describes the geodetic network of the Urbas landslide. It is the largest landslide in the Koroška Bela region, which, if triggered, can endanger human lives and damage infrastructure. In order to monitor the landslide, a geodetic network was established in the area of the Urbas landslide, on the basis of which the movements of control points can be calculated. After various analyses, only two small areas near the Urbas landslide proved to be stable, so we established four reference points there. In this research we defined the geodetic datum of the geodetic network of the Urbas landslide. The geodetic datum was defined on the basis of four measurement epochs processed with our own software.
Preparation of Composite Reinforced Agent Based on Sweet Sorghum Stalk Fiber through Alkali Pressure Steam Treated Method
Authors: Yuanita Evana , Adi Herald Kurnia , Ismojo Ismojo , Mochtar Myrna Ariati , Chalid Mochamad
Published: January 2023

Increasing global concern to environmental issues and sustainability related to preservation of non-renewable natural resources has encouraged research to develop new environmental friendly materials and products based on renewable natural resources. Sorghum fiber has potential to be a composite reinforcement because it has a good mechanical properties, environmental friendly and inexpensive. The preparation process of sorghum fiber is needed to improve its compatibility with polypropylene (PP). Thermal alkalization is the method used in conducting fiber preparation. In this study, alkalization-thermal treatment with 0%, 5% and 10% NaOH and pressurized steam for 1 and 3 minutes was carried out to change the hydrophobicity of sorghum fiber. The most optimum result was obtained at 5% NaOH concentration with 3 minutes pressure-soaking, showing cleaner and fibrillated morphology based on FESEM testing. It was less lignin and hemicellulose content as indicated by FTIR testing result, better hydrophobicity as indicated through Sessil Drop testing result that showed contact angle of 120.9◦, as well as significant increase in crystallinity index of 6.3% as indicated through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) test result. The increase in the hydrophobicity of the modified sorghum fiber indicated the increase of the natural fiber compatibility with polymer matrix.
Optimization of Rhizopus Sp. Growth Media for Biofoam Manufacture: Effect of Temperature and Substrate Composition
Authors: Rodhibilah Fadia Idzni , Safitri Ratu , Ningrum Riska Surya , Pramasari Dwi Ajias , Zulfiana Deni , Ratnaningtyas Nuniek Ina
Published: January 2023

Biofoam is a biodegradable material that can substitute the use of styrofoam. Biofoam can be produced from Rhizopus sp. mycelia. In the development of biofoam from fungal mycelia, mycelia act as a reinforcement or binder for the substrate (media) because mycelia grow and spread throughout the substrate. Therefore, optimization of the growth medium of Rhizopus sp. by varying the substrate composition and incubation temperature had been done in this research. The substrate consisted of sugarcane trash (particle size 20, 40, and 60 mesh), starch (soybean, sago, and rice), CaCO3, and distilled water. Rhizopus sp. inoculum that had been mixed with the substrate was incubated at certain temperatures (29 and 35°C) for 7 days. The FESEM-EDS analysis of starches showed that soybean has more nutrients than rice and sago starch. The optimum substrate for the mycelia growth of the Rhizopus sp. is TK 1, which consists of 20 mesh sugarcane trash, soybean flour, CaCO3, and distilled water with an incubation temperature of 29°C. That mycelia grew well and evenly distributed throughout the TK 1 substrate with an average length of ± 1.3 cm. The mycelia distribution throughout the media can also be seen by morphology analysis using Kayence digital microscope.The suitable substrate composition and incubation temperature can optimize the growth of Rhizopus sp. mycelia.
Optimization of Glycerolysis of Free Fatty Acids from Cocoa Bean with MgO Catalyst Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Rengga Wara Dyah Pita , Hartanto Dhoni , Widyastuti Catur Rini , Permani Tiara Khalifah , Mahfudhoh Mauliya Anis
Published: January 2023

Diacylglycerol (DAG) is one of the oil derivatives that have relatively high economic value. It has considerable prospects in the global market, which can be synthesized chemically by glycerolysis of oil/fat containing triacylglycerols. The process uses an alkaline catalyst such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at the temperature of 210-260 °C. The present study utilized a free fatty acid compound from cocoa bean processing waste as alternative raw material for producing DAG. The reaction system using a MgO catalyst and tert-butanol as solvent was known to be more favorable. The solvent can increase the solubility of oil in glycerol so that the reaction temperature can be lowered to 70-90 °C. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature and the ratio of glycerol/FFA on the glycerolysis process and to determine the optimized variables that result in a maximum conversion. The glycolysis reaction was optimized with two factors using a central composite design, i.e., reaction temperature and glycerol/FFA ratio. The selected fixed variables were catalyst loading (3.5 wt%), the mass of FFA (10 grams), stirring speed (400 rpm), reaction time (4 hours), and volume of solvent (20 mL). The optimization process was evaluated using the response surface method, which shows that the optimum condition was achieved at a glycerol/FFA ratio of 5 g/ml and a reaction temperature of 90 °C. The experiment carried out under these optimum conditions resulted in 97.5% conversion, while the two-order polynomial model developed using RSM was able to predict the conversion of 96.7% under the same condition.
Parodia afropolítica, realismo grotesco e imaxi-Nación en Sua excelência de corpo presente, de Pepetela
Authors: García Benito Ana Belén
Published: January 2023

Nun momento no que o continente africano parece iniciar un novo ciclo de adaptación das institucións do estado aos novos tempos, o escritor angolano Pepetela publica Sua excelência de corpo presente (2018), obra de ficción sobre as ambaxes do poder en África. Os estudos da “narrativa da violencia” (Tomás Cámara, 2017), no ámbito dos "African Dictator Novel" (Veit-Wild, 2006; Walonen, 2011) ou "Politique-Fiction" (Coussy, 2000) son o marco teórico que nos permite analizar esta novela, que representa nas letras africanas o xénero “novela de ditador” na súa manifestación arquetípica, revelándose ao mesmo tempo como unha obra sumamente orixinal. Trazos como a dimensión simbólico-mítica —coa elección dun tirano cadáver como protagonista—, a inexistencia de diálogo entre o discurso literario e outros discursos, o final metafórico e esperanzador da novela —estratexia burlesca que pecha a narración a modo de xustiza narrativa—, a estética satírica que domina a narrativa —combinando elementos paródicos con outros prototípicos das prácticas políticas africanas das ditaduras—, sitúan a novela na complexidade presente resultante da múltiple tipoloxía dos conflitos.
Dúas aproximacións á vida e obra de Xela Arias, muller libre polas súas eleccións
Authors: Calo Blanco Alba
Published: January 2023

A investigadora, profesora de literatura galega na USC e crítica literaria María Xesús Nogueira publica en 2021 dous volumes en torno á figura de Xela Arias, poeta homenaxeada co Día das Letras Galegas 2021. Esta nota académica pretende realizar unha comparación entre ambas obras, destacando a análise dos puntos en común e buscando o porqué das diferenzas, que xurdirán debido especialmente ao tipo de público ao que se orienta cada unha. Así mesmo, tratarase de examinar nestas dúas obras concretas o cumprimento ou incumprimento dalgunhas das características máis problemáticas do xénero da biografía establecidas por Ricardo Senabre (1998) e Arenas Cruz (1998).
A subxugación feminina da esposa do Coello Branco de Alicia en formato álbum ilustrado
Authors: García-Pedreira Rocío
Published: January 2023

A narrativa protagonizada pola pequena Alicia, creada por Lewis Carroll a finais do século XIX, segue ocupando un lugar destacado no imaxinario colectivo de pequenos e maiores, tanto pola súa consolidación como un clásico da Literatura Infantil e Xuvenil como pola multitude de reescrituras literarias e fílmicas que suscitou. O obxectivo desta nota é facer unha análise dende a perspectiva de xénero da reescritura literaria libre, de uso ideolóxico e en formato álbum ilustrado, titulada La esposa del Conejo Blanco, escrita e ilustrada por Gilles Bachelet. Os resultados mostran a intención clara de obra de facer unha denuncia e crítica social á instancia do matrimonio como mecanismo de subxugación da muller, sen por iso perder calidade estética e literaria nin orixinalidade. Na conclusión final evidénciase que a combinación de texto e imaxe mediante diversos tipos de interacción e o uso do sarcasmo, agochado nas palabras da protagonista, que gañan un novo sentido co acompañamento da ilustración, reforza a vinculación da obra co público non infantil, cuxas problemáticas se expoñen e denuncian no álbum.
The system of pronouns of address in Madeira
Authors: Lara Bermejo Víctor
Published: January 2023

The system of forms and pronouns of address in European Portuguese presents great variation throughout the entire country. Although a tripartite and a bipartite paradigm exists in singular and plural, respectively, the dialect reality provides a more complex system that depends on geo and socio-linguistic factors. Despite the most recent studies on this phenomenon, there is little information about the actual usage of pronouns of address in the archipelagos. In this paper, I aim to pinpoint the current paradigm of pronouns of address in Madeira, by also establishing its geolinguistic, sociolinguistic, pragmatic and grammatical constraints, thanks to a quantitative corpus stemming from specific fieldwork. The main results show the elimination of vós as plural, the extension of vocês and its 3pl agreement pattern, as well as various pragmatic changes in progress regarding the conception of family and the spread of pragmatic solidarity.
Los derecho a no declarar contra sí mismo, a no declararse culpable y a guardar silencio en procedimiento de inspección o supervisión administrativa previos a un procedimiento sancionador o penal
Authors: Gómez Tomillo Manuel
Published: January 2023

El trabajo analiza la problemática que presenta el ejercicio de compulsión para entregar información autoincriminatoria en procedimientos de inspección o supervisión administrativa. Plantea la tensión entre el deber de colaborar con la Administración y el derecho a no autoincriminarse. El quebrantamiento del primero determina responsabilidad penal o administrativa. La hipertrofia del segundo generaría una intolerable impunidad. Tras analizar el derecho en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional y TEDH, se sostiene que la información obtenida con compulsión puede utilizarse en procedimientos que carezcan de carácter sancionador. Para limitar los indeseables efectos que se pueden derivar de la estricta aplicación del criterio, se exponen dos soluciones. En primer lugar, se entiende que el derecho tan sólo se extiende a la información inequívocamente autoincriminatoria, esto es, aquella que no requiera de una valoración compleja, por ejemplo a través de una pericia, o de la aportación de información complementaria. En segundo lugar, se propone prescindir en los procedimientos de inspección de la amenaza de sanción, asumiendo el mínimo riesgo de que se pueda incurrir en error de prohibición indirecto por parte del inspeccionado. El trabajo concluye con un examen de las especificidades que presentan las personas jurídicas.
Avanzando en la regulación armonizada del Derecho penal internacional en España: el crimen de agresión en la legislación penal española
Authors: Huete Merino Laura
Published: January 2023

La actuación de las fuerzas armadas rusas en territorio ucraniano ha puesto de manifiesto la importancia de disponer de mecanismos de respuesta jurídica y judicial eficaces para hacer frente a determinadas situaciones susceptibles de encajar en el concepto de crimen de agresión contenido en el artículo 8 bis del Estatuto de Roma. España, sin embargo, carece de un precepto penal que abarque la totalidad de los elementos de este delito. Su inclusión en nuestra legislación nacional evitaría la impunidad de este tipo de conductas, favorecería la complementariedad de la Corte Penal Internacional en relación con las jurisdicciones nacionales y reforzaría el compromiso de España con la salvaguarda de los Derechos Humanos.
En torno a la categoría de retroprogreso: la necesidad de un nuevo paradigma
Authors: Iglesias Zamar Alfonso
Published: January 2023

Desde sus orígenes, el hombre ha utilizado el lenguaje y el símbolo para construir y organizar sus sociedades. En este trabajo se expone la tesis de que son las élites de poder las que construyen el lenguaje discursivo que opera como una matriz de significados que configura la conciencia del sujeto (yo), modelando y organizando su comportamiento en cada época histórica. Partiendo del yo integral, mostraremos cómo se produce el cambio de modelo discursivo en la Grecia clásica, la Edad Media y la modernidad, momento en el que se inventa la cultura y el yo freudiano que configura al ciudadano actual. El yo inventado, ha sido escindido de la totalidad y siente la separatidad como fuente de angustia. Condicionado por el sentimiento de culpa y la vergüenza, e incapaz de desplegar su potencial, el yo neurótico entra en crisis. Es una crisis que se extiende a la época actual, en la que el ciudadano es esclavizado a través de su libertad en la llamada “sociedad de consumo”.
La “alerta temprana” como antídoto contra la desinformación: un estudio sobre los ataques de falsa bandera en Ucrania en febrero de 2022
Authors: De Argüelles Lugo Álvaro
Published: January 2023

A finales de febrero de 2022, empezaron a circular por diferentes redes sociales y medios de comunicación vinculados a Rusia vídeos que supuestamente relacionan al ejército ucraniano con ataques contra la población civil en la región fronteriza del Donbás. El gobierno estadounidense había advertido con anterioridad de que Moscú había organizado un ataque de falsa bandera que sirviera como pretexto para justificar su intervención militar en Ucrania. Este artículo explora por qué este preaviso es inédito y si ha tenido algún efecto en cómo la población norteamericana y de Europa se ha posicionado respecto al conflicto. Después, se explora el valor de estrategia comunicativa, denominada como de “alerta temprana” frente a la desinformación, más allá de este contexto determinado.
Populismo: estrategias conceptuales y debates
Authors: De la Torre Carlos
Published: January 2023

Este artículo constituye una revisión del concepto de populismo más allá de tratar de buscar la precisión y la definición única. Pues a lo largo del manuscrito se sostiene que la mejor manera de abordarlo será centrarse en lo que hacen los populistas. Así, se presenta al populismo como una lógica que divide en partes antagónicas a la sociedad y se desgranan los elementos que existen bajo aquellas lógicas populistas como la creación de enemigos, la importancia del liderazgo o la propia estrategia organizativa
Mould Surface Sampling Techniques and Collection Efficiency on Paper-Faced Gypsum Board
Authors: D. Wilkie Alexander , Venz Lauren , Richards Birgit
Published: January 2023

Surface sampling techniques for non-viable fungi in building environments are useful tools for investigators in determining hazards to occupants. However, data regarding capture efficiency in this context is limited. Our data demonstrates that collection efficiency of Bio-Tape surface capture medium on paper-faced gypsum board only captures between half and three-quarters of mould present on the surface. Surface sampling using a dry-swab technique showed similar efficiency of capture to tape lift samples. ‘Surface air’ samples had poor collection efficiency and should be avoided where possible in preference to other sampling options. Finally, we propose a sampling strategy based on non-viable microscopy techniques followed by molecular analysis for validation and speciation of samples of interest. Improvements in sampling and data analysis techniques for mould sampling of buildings will aid in providing meaningful results to help building inspectors evaluate health hazards.
A noteworthy new record of Gray-bellied Hawk, Accipiter poliogaster (Temmink, 1824) (Accipitiformes, Accipitridae), in the lowlands of northern Costa Rica
Authors: Villalobos Alvarado Elián , Mora José Manuel
Published: January 2023

Gray-bellied Hawk, Accipiter poliogaster (Temmink, 1824), is a rare forest dwelling raptor in South America. This hawk migrates from Paraguay and northern Argentina (Misiones) in the south to the equator for the winter. In Costa Rica this species has occasionally been recorded from a few localities. We present here a new record from a disturbed area in the northern lowlands of the country. Accipiter poliogaster may be a rare vagrant or an occasional visitor in Costa Rica, or it may be expanding its range northward into the country due to increases in disturbed land caused by humans.
Constructing Ethical Critical Thinking at Pesantren
Authors: Yasin Muhamad , Khasbulloh Muhammad Nabil
Published: January 2023

Santri has been viewed as students who respect their kiai (teacher), parents and senior teachers, and might not able to think critically. The research aims to investigate efforts to foster studentsâ€™ ethical critical thinking at pesantren (Islamic boarding school) in Kediri, East Java. This study uses a qualitative approach and sociological-phenemonological methods. Data obtained through observation and interviews. The research findings show that the patron-client pattern a pattern of relations between kiai and santri at pesantren can have both positive and negative impacts. The positive impact can be seen from the form of good relations and mutual respect between the kiai and students. Meanwhile, the negative impact refers to studentsâ€™ fatalistic attitude towards life and an uncritical scientific view. Critical education in pesantren has practically been implemented even though partially. Education in pesantren is currently required to build an integrative educational paradigm by involving all human potential in fostering a critical, creative and democratic culture in addition to upholding ethics.
Analysis of Students’ Chemical Bonding Misconception with A Four-Tier Diagnostic Test
Authors: Rohmah Rosyidah Syafaatur , Sholichah Nikmatin , Pratiwi Yunilia Nur , Analita Rizki Nur
Published: January 2023

Students had difficulty understanding the chemical bonding concept because of its complex and abstract nature. This difficulty could lead to chemical bonding misconceptions. This study aimed to investigate basic chemistry students' misconceptions of chemical bonding. This study used a descriptive research design with a four-tier diagnostic test. The research’s subjects were basic chemistry students. Chemical Bonding Diagnostic Tool (CBDT) was used as an instrument to determine students' misconceptions. The results showed that students who had misconceptions about ionic, covalent, and coordinate covalent bonding were 48.90%, 53.00%, and 37.50%, respectively. The misconception in this course is that students need to learn about ionic bonds formed by electrostatic forces between cations and anions. As a result, students cannot determine the difference in electronegativity values in ionic and covalent bonds and the number of valence electrons of each atom in a chemical bonding. Therefore, the misconception is in the moderate category.
Implementation of 8E Learning Cycle Model with Instagram to Overcome Student Misconceptions in Buffer Solution Material
Authors: Rizal Muhammad , Rusmansyah Rusmansyah , Sari Rusliana
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of applying the 8E learning cycle model with Instagram to overcome student misconceptions in Buffer Solution material. In particular, this study analyzed the differences between the 8E learning cycle model and the online (conventional) expository model with Instagramin overcoming student misconceptions about buffer solution materials. This research method is a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent control group design. Data collection used a three-tier multiple choice test technique and five experts' validated student response questionnaires. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. Data analysis techniques use descriptive and inferential analysis of t-tests. The t-test is used to analyze the difference in concept understanding learning outcomes between the experimental and control classes to determine the effectiveness of the 8E learning cycle model. The results showed there were significant differences in concept understanding and misconceptions between experimental class students and control class students (0.00<0.05). Experimental class concept understanding was higher (43.62%) than the control class (28.95%), and experimental class misconception was lower (40.76%) than the control class (47.81%). From these data, it can be concluded that the application of the 8E learning cycle model is more effective than the expository (conventional) online model in overcoming misconceptions in buffer solution materials. The 8E learning cycle model can be an alternative to overcome misconceptions and improve students' understanding of concepts in buffer solution materials.
Proton Transfer: The First-Year Students’ Conceptual Understanding
Authors: Wisudawati Asih Widi , Barke Hans-Dieter
Published: January 2023

Modern Chemistry education shows acid-base reactions by proton transfer with regard to Bronsted’s theory. Understanding how protons can be transferred by particles in solutions is quite challenging. The study aims to presents how university-first-year students are figuring out involved particles which take and give protons. Further, the enrolled participants in this study should explain how the process of proton transfer is running by selected particles but not by substances. Fifty-four students participated in this study that started from revealing participant’s experiences on their previous education at senior high school. Subsequently, researchers conducted a pretest, learning planning, and learning implementation, finally a posttest. Qualitative analysis is preferred to analyze students’ conceptions on particle level. The result shows us that there are two categories of participant’s difficulties. First is determining the involved particles either all particles or reacting particles. The difficulties dominate on mixing terminology of atoms, ions, and molecules, also on preferences of memorizing and calculating oxidation state for chemical equations. The subsequent difficulty is the proton transfer process that caused by participant’s failure on how they selected reacting particles. The systematic sequence on introducing and interpreting chemical equations has also presented as breakthrough.
ANALISIS PROSES ADOPSI TEKNOLOGI PADA PEMBUDIDAYA IKAN LELE DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN NGABANG KABUPATEN LANDAK PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Pandawa Teresa Dewi , Anas Pigoselpi , Hanan Abdul , Kurniawati Emi , Zulkifli Zulkifli
Published: January 2023

Perikanan budidaya merupakan sektor unggulan di Kecamatan Ngabang, dengan jumlah produksi mencapai 81,317 kg/tahun sedangkan jumlah permintaan mencapai 162,634 kg/tahun. Produksi perikanan budidaya belum mampu memenuhi permintaan pasar saat ini. Kendala yang dihadapi oleh kelompok pembudidaya ikan adalah belum menerapkan manajemen budidaya ikan secara baik. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengkaji respon sasaran penyuluhan terhadap pemberdayaan masyarakat menerapkan CBIB pada budidaya ikan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 07 Maret 2022 sampai dengan 09 Juni 2022 dengan jumlah sasaran sebanyak 14 orang dari perwakilan kelompok budidaya ikan lele yang tersebar di Kecamatan Ngabang. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah, diskusi dan kaji terap. Analisis data yang dilakukan ialah membandingkan hasil kaji terap dengan perlakuan biasa pada aspek teknis & ekonomi, serta analisis dampak kaji terap terhadap kecepatan adopsi. Hasil kegiatan penyuluhan terkait penerapan CBIB menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pada aspek pengetahuan tentang CBIB sebesar 41%, aspek sikap sebesar 96% dari sikap ragu-ragu menjadi sikap setuju. Pada kegiatan kaji terap CBIB pembesaran ikan lele terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan tentang CBIB sebesar 29%, aspek sikap sebesar 93% dari sikap ragu-ragu menjadi sikap setuju, aspek keterampilan 86% tentang persiapan kolam pemeliharaan, penebaran ikan dan pemberian pakan ikan. Pada akhir kegiatan proses adopsi yang berlangsung adalah sebanyak 8 sasaran pada tahapan mencoba dan 6 sasaran sudah sampai pada tahapan menerapkan. Dengan penerapan CBIB dapat memberdayakan masyarakat dengan meningkatnya produktivitas dari 0,9 kg/m2 menjadi 1,3 kg/m2.
ANALISIS USAHA IKAN TERI (Stelophorus sp.) ASIN PADA UKM M. SAEPUDIN DAN KEGIATAN PENYULUHAN PERIKANAN DI KECAMATAN PANIMBANG, KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG, PROVINSI BANTEN
Authors: Nuraeni Nuraeni , Budi Restiana
Published: January 2023

Perikanan merupakan salah satu sektor penting bagi perekonomian di Indonesia dan sebagai sumber pangan dan gizi bagi masyarakat. Komoditas ikan memiliki kandungan protein yang cukup tinggi, sekitar 20-30% dan relatif mudah didapatkan. Namun sifat sumberdaya ikan yang mudah rusak menyebabkan perlunya pengolahan lebih lanjut. Pengawetan menjadi produk ikan asin merupakan salah satu contoh pengolahan ikan yang mudah ditemui dan digemari masyarakat Indonesia. Usaha produksi ikan teri asin milik Bapak Muhammad Saepudin berlokasi di Kecamatan Panembang, Kabupaten Pandeglang, Provinsi Banten ini telah beroperasi selama 7 tahun. Tujuan dari penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk mengetahui kegiatan penyuluhan perikanan di UKM M. Saepudin pada khususnya dan Kecamatan Panimbang pada umumnya, serta menganalisis usaha pengolahan ikan teri asin pada salah satu pengolah tradisional di Desa Panimbangjaya, Kecamatan Panimbang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan makalah ini adalah wawancara dengan pemilik usaha dan beberapa karyawan, observasi kegiatan usaha, dokumentasi kegiatan usaha dan analisis data secara deskriptif dan kuantitatif (ROI, R/C Ratio, PBP). Hasil yang diperoleh antara lain: Kegiatan penyuluhan perikanan dilakukan dengan metode kunjungan (anjangsana) dan pelatihan, sistem usaha pengolahan ikan teri asin teridiri dari pasokan input, proses produksi, pascaproduksi, pemasaran dan lembaga/layanan pendukung. Berdasarkan analisis usaha diketahui bahwa R/C Ratio 1,6, PBP 7,9 Bulan, BEP Rp. 16.910.028,00 dan ROI 60%. Kesimpulan dari makalah ini antara lain: usaha pengolahan ikan teri asin ini termasuk UKM yang tahan terhadap kondisi pandemi Covid-19, kegiatan penyuluhan perikanan dibutuhkan di Desa Panimbangjaya, UKM pengolahan teri asin sangat bergantung pada cuaca dan berdasarkan analisis usaha pengolahan teri asin layak untuk dijalankan.
PENGENDALIAN DAN PEMANFAATAN IKAN HIU DAN PARI DI WILAYAH KERJA BPSPL DENPASAR
Authors: Wardono Suko , Permana Yudiarso , Aries Gusti , Septia L Yarry
Published: January 2023

Dampak tingginya pemanfaatan ikan hiu dan pari menyebabkan ketersediaan di alam berkurang bahkan ada yang mulai punah, sehingga beberapa diantaranya dilindungi menurut peraturan perundangan nasional dan konvensi internasional. Salah satu bentuk pengendalian agar keberadaan hiu dan pari terjaga adalah melalui penerbitan dokumen perizinan pada pelaksanaan pemanfaatan dan peredarannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meberikan informasi tentang pelaksanaan pengendalian dan pemanfaatan hiu maupun pari di BPSPL Denpasar dan wilayah kerjanya. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2021 pengendalian dan pemanfaatan hiu dan pari telah dilakukan melalui penerbitan dokumen perizinan yaitu rekomendasi dan angkut jenis ikan, jumlah dokumen yang dikeluarkan sebanyak 1.021 surat untuk peredaran lokal dengan 26 kota tujuan dan 1.132 surat untuk peredaran eksport dengan 20 negara tujuan eksport. Ikan hiu yang diedarkan sebanyak 45 jenis dengan jumlah 2.643.397,60 kg, sedangkan ikan pari yang diedarkan sebanyak 17 jenis dengan jumlah 148.429,70 kg. Produk yang diedarkan berupa (1) bentuk daging, yaitu berupa daging utuh, daging glondongan, potongan daging dan daging olahan; (2) bentuk sirip dan kulit, yaitu berupa sirip kering, kulit kering dan sirip olahan; dan (3) bentuk hidup. Pelaksanaan pengendalian dan pemanfaatan hiu dan pari memberikan kontribusi PNBP Rp732.268.882,00.
PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK USAHA PEMBENIHAN IKAN KOI (Cyprinus carpio) DAN PROSES PEMASARANNYA DI KECAMATAN PENEBEL, KABUPATEN TABANAN, PROVINSI BALI
Authors: Sari Ni Putu Rini Sukma , Jubaedah Iis , Nuraeni Yenni , Udayana Agus Nandi , Sari Diah Ayu  Meriana
Published: January 2023

Letak geografis Kecamatan Penebel sebagian besar berada di ketinggian antara 500 s.d 1.000 meter dari permukaan laut. Kecamatan Penebel memiliki luas 141.98 km2 (16.92%) dari luas Kabupaten Tabanan dan memiliki potensi sumberdaya alam dan sumberdaya manusia yang mendukung untuk kegiatan perikanan diantaranya adanya sumber mata air dari pegunungan Batukaru yang mengalir sepanjang tahun dengan kuantitas dan kualitas air yang memadai. Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan selama tiga bulan dari tanggal 07 Maret 2022 sampai dengan 09 Juni 2022 di Desa Pitra, Kecamatan Penebel, Kabupaten Tabanan, Provinsi Bali, dengan melakukan pemberdayaan masyarakat dan metode demonstrasi cara pemasaran online dengan sasaran Pokdakan Ulam Ayu. Pemberdayaan masyarakat adalah upaya meningkatkan kemampuan dan potensi yang dimiliki masyarakat dan hasil penelitian mengenai demonstrasi cara pembenihan ikan koi menunjukkan adanya peningkatan aspek pengetetahuan anggota kelompok sebesar 18%, aspek sikap sebesar 22%, dan aspek keterampilan mengalami perubahan 2 orang kurang terampil, 6 orang cukup terampil, dan 2 orang terampil. Hasil evaluasi kegiatan demonstrasi cara kegiatan pemasaran online mengalami peningkatan aspek pengetahuan sebesar 23%, aspek sikap 32%, dan aspek keterampilan megalami perubahan 5 orang terampil dalam pelaksanaan pemasaran online . Adopsi inovasi terkait pembenihan ikan koi dan pemasarannya menunjukkan sasaran memiliki ketertarikan pada kegiatan pembenihan dan pemasaran online.
APLIKASI IMUNOSTIMULAN PADA PAKAN BUATAN UNTUK BENIH IKAN KAKAP PUTIH (Lates calcarifer, BLOCH) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN IMUNITAS DAN PERTUMBUHAN
Authors: Minjoyo Herno , Saputra Suryadi , Sugiarto Hendrik , Syafe’I Muhammad Sabar
Published: January 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sintasan, laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan rasio konversi pakan serta leukosit dan indeks phagositas pada benih ikan kakap putih. Panjang total ikan uji 5,5±0.05 cm dan berat rerata 2,25±0,05 g dipelihara didalam kantong waring (80 cm x 80cm x 60 cm) yang ditempatkan pada bak terkendali. Selama pemeliharaan (30 hari) didalam bak dengan sistem air mengalir. Rancangan penelitian adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Padat tebar setiap ulangan adalah 150 ekor. imunostimulan yang digunakan merupakan produk komersial Nutricell. Kandungan protein pada pakan yang digunakan 46% terdiri atas 4 macam pakan yaitu: P) Pakan komersil, K) Pakan kontrol tanpa penambahan imunostimulan (0%), A). Penambahan imunostimulan 0,3% dan B). penambahan imunostimulan 0,5%. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada nilai yang signifikan dalam hal laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan rasio konversi pakan. Sementara sintasan masing-masing perlakuan adalah P (94.89±1.39%) K (84.89±1.54%, A (90.33±0.47%) dan B (82.67±0.94%). Berdasarkan hasil test ANOVA baik laju pagositas dan maupun indeks pagositas tidak signifikan (P>0,05), total leukosit pada perlakuan penambahan imunostimulan dan pakan komersil lebih tinggi dari pada pakan kontrol. Laju pagositas untuk semua perlakuan tidak signifikan. Indeks pagositas semua perlakuan cendrung menurun, kecuali pada perlakuan penambahan imunostimulan 0.5% (B).
PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN USAHA PEMBESARAN IKAN LELE MELALUI PENERAPAN PROBIOTIK PADA PAKAN PELET DI KECAMATAN PAGELARAN KABUPATEN MALANG PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Wiryati Ganjar , Tsalasa Istikomah Nisa , Danapraja Sopyan
Published: January 2023

Berbagai upaya untuk meraih peningkatan pendapatan suatu usaha, selalu menjadi kajian yang menarik untuk dicermati; termasuk usaha pembesaran lele yang sudah sangat familiar di kalangan pembudidaya ikan lele. Permasalahan yang di hadapi oleh pembudidaya adalah bahwa tingkat produktivitas usaha budidaya ikan lele masih relatif rendah, untuk itu perlu dilakukan upaya peningkatan produktivitas lahan dengan penerapan probiotik melalui pakan guna mendorong peningkatan produktivitas. Data sumber daya manusia perikanan di Kecamatan Pagelaran berjumlah 87 RTP (Rumah Tangga Perikanan), dengan sembilan kelompok perikanan yang tersebar di 8 desa. Responden pada penelitian merupakan anggota dari kelompok Sri Sedono jumlah anggota 10 orang dan samaq Asri jumlah anggota 10 orang, jadi jumlah total responden 20 orang. Melalui  penerapan probiotik pada pakan  akan meningkatkan produktivitas usaha pembesaran lele. Tujuan yang ingin di capai yaitu meningkatkan pendapatan, pengetahuan dan sikap pada kegiatan budidaya ikan yang baik dengan menggunakan probiotik. Kegiatan penelitian berlangsung selama tiga bulan dari bulan Maret  sampai dengan bulan Juni 2022, bertempat di Kecamatan Pagelaran Kabupaten Malang Provinsi Jawa Timur. Metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif melalui kegiatan demonstrasi, pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dan pengamatan partisipasi. Penelitian menunjukkan hasil terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan sebesar 32% dan peningkatan sikap sebesar 26 %, dalam hal penerapan probiotik; dan peningkatan pendapatan dari Rp 2.412.000 menjadi Rp 3,294.000, sehingga usaha yang dijalankan pembudidaya dinyatakan layak untuk terus dijalankan.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN MODERN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN DI POKLAHSAR GURIH DD KECAMATAN KOBA KABUPATEN BANGKA TENGAH
Authors: Mahendra Mexcen , Yuniarti Tatty , Wiryati Ganjar , Syamsudin Syarif , Maulani Aghitia , Jumroh Jumroh
Published: January 2023

Secara umum, kondisi Kelompok Pengolah dan Pemasar di Indonesia (Poklahsar) masih ditemui banyak kendala. Salah satu kendala utama yang sering ditemui adalah pemasaran. Hal tersebut perlu mendapatkan perhatian serius dari pemangku kepentingan karena perkembangan usaha sangat ditentukan oleh keberhasilan pemasaran. Poklahsar Gurih DD berlokasi di Kecamatan Koba, Kabupaten Bangka Tengah mengolah produk olahan getas. Getas merupakan makanan ringan khas Bangka Belitung yang terbuat dari bahan baku ikan, menyerupai kerupuk dan biasanya disantap sebagai camilan atau teman makan nasi. Para pengolah getas yang tergabung dalam Poklahsar memiliki masalah yaitu pemasaran produk getas masih terbatas ke pemasaran lokal karena belum menggunakan pemasaran online. Hal ini berkaitan dengan kondisi persaingan antar pelaku usaha yang semakin sengit dan kelangsungan hidup usaha ditentukan oleh kemampuan pelaku usaha dalam meraih pangsa pasar. Tujuan penelitian yaitu menerapkan strategi pemasaran berbasis online kepada para pengolah getas. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada 07 Maret – 09 Juni 2022. Materi kegiatan meliputi demonstrasi cara penerapan strategi pemasaran modern. Metode kegiatan yaitu sosialisasi, ceramah, dan demonstrasi. Respon kegiatan yang diamati yaitu perubahan pengetahuan, sikap, dan adopsi inovasi yang terjadi pada sasaran dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data yang diperoleh adalah deskriptif berupa penjelasan mengenai aspek teknis (alur produksi), penyuluhan (evaluasi pre- dan post-test) dan analisis usaha (perbedaan pendapatan dan keuntungan) sasaran. Pengamatan terhadap adopsi inovasi sasaran penyuluhan dilakukan selama sembilan minggu, mulai dari minggu ke-3 sampai minggu ke-11 dan mulai diterapkan pada minggu ke-11 dan 13. Hasil dari pelaksanaan kegiatan adalah demonstrasi cara pemasaran modern yang dilakukan kepada Poklahsar Gurih DD menggunakan media tayang dan media cetak, yang akhirnya juga diterapkan oleh sasaran pada minggu ke-11 dan 13.