bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The social‐cognitive clinician: On the implications of social cognitive theory for psychotherapy and assessment
Authors: Scott Walter D. , Cervone Daniel , Ebiringah Onyedikachi U.
Published: March 2024

We review Bandura's contributions to cognitive‐behavioural theory, research and practice. His basic research on the causal role of cognitive processes in social learning was a major factor in the emergence of cognitive‐behavioural therapies in the 1970s. His investigations on observational learning and self‐efficacy beliefs led to the development of guided mastery therapy, a specific cognitive‐behavioural intervention for anxiety disorders. His research on self‐regulatory processes provided an empirical basis for the emergence of numerous therapies targeting self‐regulation. We conclude by discussing how Bandura's social cognitive theory, as well as more recent advances in social cognitive theorising, might be further applied to innovative approaches to therapeutic interventions, assessment and clinical case conceptualization.
Recovery from substance use disorder among adolescents: Roles of adverse and positive childhood experiences
Authors: Kim Isak , Park Yuhyun , Chasek Christine , Bjornsen Abby , Shin Kahyen
Published: March 2024

This study examines the roles of positive childhood experiences (PCEs) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on the recovery from substance use disorder (SUD) among adolescents ages 12–17, utilizing data from the 2016–2019 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). On a sample of 256 adolescents who have had SUD, a hierarchical binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the cumulative PCEs significantly increased the odds of SUD recovery, whereas the cumulative ACEs did not decrease the odds.
Exosomal lncRNA HEIH, an essential communicator for hepatocellular carcinoma cells and macrophage M2 polarization through the miR‐98‐5p/STAT3 axis
Authors: Ai Jun‐Hua , Wen Yu‐Zhong , Dai Shi‐Jie , Zhang Li‐Dong , Huang Zhong‐Jing , Shi Jun
Published: March 2024

Part of human long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been elucidated to play an essential role in the carcinogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a type of malignant tumor with poor outcomes. Tumor‐derived exosomes harboring lncRNAs have also been implicated as crucial mediators to orchestrate biological functions among neighbor tumor cells. The recruitment of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) exerting M2‐like phenotype usually indicates the poor prognosis. Yet, the precise involvement of tumor‐derived lncRNAs in cross‐talk with environmental macrophages has not been fully identified. In this study, we reported the aberrantly overexpressed HCC upregulated EZH2‐associated lncRNA (HEIH) in tumor tissues and cell lines was positively correlated with poor prognosis, as well as enriched exosomal HEIH levels in blood plasma and cell supernatants. Besides, HCC cell‐derived exosomes transported HEIH into macrophages for triggering macrophage M2 polarization, thereby in turn promoting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. Mechanistically, HEIH acted as a miRNA sponge for miR‐98‐5p to up‐regulate STAT3, which was then further verified in the tumor xenograft models. Collectively, our study provides the evidence for recognizing tumor‐derived exosomal lncRNA HEIH as a novel regulatory function through targeting miR‐98‐5p/STAT3 axis in environmental macrophages, which may shed light on the complicated tumor microenvironment among tumor and immune cells for HCC treatment.
Study on the influence mechanism of carbothermal reduction and selective leaching of valuable metals in spent lithium batteries
Authors: Qin Shiteng , Yang He , Li Yuhuan , Klein Bern , Yin Shenghua , Xu Pengyun , Zhao Hongyu
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Exploring an innovative method for precious metal recovery from spent batteries, our study combines hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy, focusing on pivotal carbothermal reduction. This crucial phase enhances the leachability of metals by significantly reducing their valence. To evaluate the effect of novel carbon (C) materials on this reduction process, our study synthesized two types of nanoporous Cs, Al‐PCP‐800 and ZIF‐8‐800, found in electrode materials. Their carbothermal reduction efficacy was compared to activated (A)C using thermogravimetric analysis.

RESULTS

The experimental findings revealed that ZIF‐8‐800 exhibits superior reducibility, initiating and reaching peak weight loss rate at a lower temperature of 692.01 °C with a peak of 32.27%/°C. Under the optimized conditions (roasting temperature 750 °C, time 3 h, C content 20%, 2.75 mol L−1 H3PO4 concentration, 40 °C leaching temperature, liquid‐to‐solid ratio of 6 mL g−1, leaching time 10 min) the leaching efficiency of lithium (Li) and manganese (Mn) reached 100%, indicating complete extraction with ZIF‐8‐800. However, cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) leaching with ZIF‐8‐800 was low (3.22%, 2.06%). Al‐PCP‐800 showed slightly less leaching efficiency for Li and Mn, but higher efficiency for Co and Ni. Activated C led to incomplete Li and Mn extraction, with higher Co and Ni leaching, diminishing the process's selectivity.

CONCLUSION

The study confirms that the C material in carbothermal reduction significantly impacts metal leaching efficiency and selectivity. ZIF‐8‐800 was the most effective for Li and Mn leaching, outperforming Al‐PCP‐800 and AC in selectivity. This underscores ZIF‐8‐800's potential to improve metal recovery from spent batteries. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Assessing dental student knowledge on cannabis and demonstrating the need for cannabis education
Authors: Kruger Jessica S. , Lepore John , Mascaro Madelyn , Mersereau Gina , Tzetzo Alyssa , Kruger Daniel J.
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The American Dental Association advocates for dentists' education on therapeutic and legal issues related to medical cannabis. It is important to understand current knowledge of cannabis and cannabinoids and to have a practical knowledge assessment instrument. This exploratory study is the first of its kind to assess dental students' knowledge of cannabis and aims to determine if there is a need for more instruction regarding cannabis in a dental school's curriculum.

Methods

Predoctoral dental students at the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine were recruited to participate. A validated, anonymous 22‐item online survey was adapted and administered to students in all 4 years of the dental program. There was a total of 56 knowledge points.

Results

The average knowledge score was 21.6 points (SD = 5.2, range: 7–34), corresponding to 38.5% (SD = 9.2) of the answers correct. There were no overall differences in knowledge by gender, years in dental school, or by any reported source of formal education on cannabis. Those who reported doing their own research had higher knowledge scores. Most participants knew that there is an endogenous cannabinoid system (72.3%) and that Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is responsible for the “high” experienced with cannabis (76.6%). Most participants reported that they did not know the effective doses of THC (58.2%) and Cannabidiol (CBD) (66.7%); few provided an answer for THC (34%) or CBD (17%) in the acceptable range of 2–10 mg.

Conclusion

Dental students did not have adequate knowledge on cannabis and cannabinoids. Given the rapid expansion of cannabis legalization, additional efforts are needed to integrate cannabis topics into coursework and learning experiences.
Is it time for a paradigm shift? Inclusion of APOE on genetic dyslipidemia panels
Authors: Ison Hannah E. , Mowaswes Mohammad , Durst Ronen , Leucker Thorsten , Knowles Joshua W. , Brown Emily E.
Published: March 2024

APOE codes for apolipoprotein E (ApoE), which plays an important role in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and homeostasis of tissue lipid content. Several variants in APOE have been associated with inherited dyslipidemias, and a subsequent increased risk of developing premature coronary artery disease (CAD). However, these variants and their impact on risk can be thought of on a spectrum, with some being more monogenic in nature, and others contributing in a polygenic/multifactorial manner. Despite these known associations, there is often hesitancy around ordering APOE genetic testing due to the association with Alzheimer's disease. This paper aims to catalyze discussion around APOE testing and counseling strategies, highlight the nuances around this topic, and advocate for inclusion of APOE testing on dyslipidemia panels when an inherited dyslipidemia is suspected.
Practical synthesis of (S)‐pyroglutamic acid
Authors: Barretto Fernando Alves , Cunha Silvio
Published: March 2024

A simple and rapid synthesis of (S)‐pyroglutamic acid was developed by the thermal cyclodehydration of (S)‐glutamic acid under solvent‐free conditions, with continuous swirling during heating (220°C) to ensure homogeneity of the melt. The reaction proceeds until the bubbles disappear, not exceeding 5 min. The heating immediately ceases, then cooling the reaction vessel to prevent degradation and racemization. (S)‐pyroglutamic acid is obtained in 70% yield, and the enantiomeric ratio is 97:3. The same reaction under microwave heating in an aqueous solution afforded a low yield of racemic product.
Prey capture kinematics of horned frogs (Anura: Ceratophryidae)
Authors: Duport‐Bru Ana Sofía , Abdala Virginia
Published: March 2024

Horned frogs, members of the Ceratophryidae family, encompass a group of anurans varying in size and behavior, yet unified by morphological and behavioral traits enabling them to adopt a megalophagous diet (i.e., large prey feeding). Although the group has been the focus of numerous studies, our understanding of its feeding behavior remains limited. In this study, we characterize the feeding mechanism in five species representing the three extant genera of ceratophryid anurans, both in terrestrial and aquatic environments. We also explore the ability of Chacophrys pierottii to adjust feeding behavior based on prey type. Our findings show that all species are capable of wide mouth opening, displaying an asymmetric feeding cycle. While tongue usage is the primary method for capturing prey on land, ceratophryids may use their forelimbs to manipulate prey into their mouths, exhibiting different behavioral patterns. C. pierottii shows modulation of its feeding kinematics and is also capable of some modulation of its feeding in response to prey properties.
Determination of cyclic adenosine phosphate and protein content in dormant chlamydospore and nondormant chlamydospore of Arthrobotrys flagrans
Authors: Wang Feng‐hui , Wang Bo‐bo , Gao Jie , Yang Xiao‐jun , Jia Yi‐Bo , Tian Shu‐yue , Li Xin , Zhang Nan , Zhang Xi‐chen , Wei Yan‐ming , Zhang Jing , Cai Kui‐zheng
Published: March 2024

Arthrobotrys flagrans, a nematode‐eating fungus, is an effective component of animal parasitic nematode biocontrol agents. In the dried formulation, the majority of spores are in an endogenous dormant state. This study focuses on dormant chlamydospore and nondormant chlamydospore of A. flagrans to investigate the differences in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein content between the two types of spores. cAMP and soluble proteins were extracted from the nondormant chlamydospore and dormant chlamydospore of two isolates of A. flagrans. The cAMP Direct Immunoassay Kit and Bradford protein concentration assay kit (Coomassie brilliant blue method) were used to detect the cAMP and protein content in two types of spores. Results showed that the content of cAMP in dormant spores of both isolates was significantly higher than that in nondormant spores (p < 0.05). The protein content of dormant spores in DH055 bacteria was significantly higher than that of nondormant spores (p < 0.05). In addition, the protein content of dormant spores of the SDH035 strain was slightly higher than that of nondormant spores, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The results obtained in this study provide evidence for the biochemical mechanism of chlamydospore dormancy or the germination of the nematophagous fungus A. flagrans.
Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted pectin recovery from cocoa by‐products using response surface methodology
Authors: Mounya K Sumana , Chowdary Akkina Rajani
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to address the significant challenges associated with agricultural and cocoa waste disposal within the context of global food waste concerns. The magnitude of global food waste is staggering, estimated at 1.6 Gt of primary product equivalents, with 1.3 Gt attributed specifically to the edible parts of food. Focusing on cocoa waste, which constitutes around 80% of total cocoa production, management poses a considerable environmental challenge, with over 60% of this waste either burnt or left to rot in plantations.

METHOD

Ultrasound‐assisted extraction of pectin from cocoa pulp mucilage (CPM), cocoa pod husk (CPH), and cocoa bean shell (CBS) was achieved with a central composite design (CCD) using response surface methodology (RSM).

RESULTS

Ultrasound‐assisted extraction takes into consideration independent factors such as temperature, sonication time, pH, solid–liquid ratio, and ultrasonic power intensity. This study achieved the highest yield, anhydrouronic acid content, and degree of esterification under optimum conditions – sonication time of 20 min, pH of 2.5, solid‐solvent ratio of 1:40 g mL−1, and ultrasonic power intensity of 64 W cm−2. The composition and characterization of pectin showed that its anhydrouronic acid content was 68.59 ± 0.2% when extracted from CPH, 50.7 ± 0.5% when extracted from CBS, and 43.97 ± 0.17% when extracted from CPM with citric acid.

CONCLUSION

This study underscored the potential to reduce the environmental impact of cocoa waste, offering improved pectin extraction and sustainable methods for handling agricultural by‐products. It is relevant for individuals interested in waste reduction and resource efficiency within the broader agricultural industry, showcasing the potential for practical and sustainable solutions in cocoa waste management. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Decadal changes in surface CO2 concentrations and CO2 fluxes in a mountain lake
Authors: Obertegger Ulrike , Corradini Stefano , Cerasino Leonardo , Weiss Linda C.
Published: March 2024

Climate warming impacts biogeochemical cycles in lakes. However, the factors controlling CO2 dynamics in mountain lakes over multidecadal scales are poorly understood. Here, we capitalized on long‐term monthly data (1995–2022) of oligotrophic mountain Lake Tovel and calculated surface CO2 concentrations and flux by applying geochemical relationships and the thin boundary layer approach. Advanced time‐series and regression modeling was used to determine temporal patterns and environmental parameters explaining surface CO2 concentrations and flux. Surface CO2 concentrations were highest from 2009 to 2017 (annual mean: 109.1 μmol CO2 L−1) but lower before and after this period. Concomitantly, the air–water CO2 flux (μmol CO2 m−2 d−1) showed a period of lowest (mean1995–2010: 6.4 ± 0.7), highest (mean2011–2017: 35.7 ± 2.1), and intermediate emissions (mean2018–2022: 19.3 ± 4.7). Temporal modeling showed that hypolimnetic and deep hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen (DO) had the same change points and trends as surface CO2 concentrations. In multiple linear regression, hypolimnetic DO, silica, and the standardized precipitation index (pseudo‐R2adj. = 0.62; p < 0.01) best predicted annual mean surface CO2 concentrations. Regression results and the overlap between temporal trend patterns indicated that surface CO2 concentrations of Lake Tovel were positively influenced by external (loading of allochthonous carbon) and internal (lake autumn mixing) factors. The recent decline in surface CO2 concentrations from the year 2018 was attributed to increased stratification that offset lake autumn mixing and thus lead to the observed decline. These results help us to better understand the carbon cycle in mountain lakes in a changing climate.
Ortho‐oncoplastic surgery in foot and ankle: A narrative overview on reconstruction of soft‐tissue defects after oncologic resections
Authors: Angelini Andrea , Tiengo Cesare , Cerchiaro Maria Chiara , Soto Fernando , Biz Carlo , Messana Francesco , Bassetto Franco , Ruggieri Pietro
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Malignant tumors of the foot are rare, and treatment strategies are challenging considering the complex anatomy of this area. In recent years, dramatic advances in technology and collaborations between different specialties (such as orthopedic, oncology, radiology, plastic, and vascular surgery) significantly changed the approach to complex malignant tumors without resorting to limb removal. The combination of the strengths of both orthopedic surgery and plastic surgery constitutes the modern definition of “orthoplasty.” The aim of this review article is to provide treatment strategies that are available for reconstruction of foot and ankle in limb‐salvage surgery after tumor resection, with a specific focus on microsurgical techniques in plastic surgery.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search for relevant papers across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. We included patient‐based studies reporting on procedures for soft‐tissue reconstruction with small and large soft tissue defects. Indications, pros and cons, and technique tips are discussed for each type of reconstructive technique.

Results

The search was done using literature of the past 30 years (from 1990 to date), resulting in about 725 articles describing over 2000 cases. Cutaneous flaps included lateral supramalleolar flap, medial plantar flap, reverse sural neurocutaneous island flap, medial leg flap, and lateral leg flap. Free flaps included anterolateral thigh flap, radial forearm flap, latissimus dorsi flap, gracilis muscle flap, lateral arm flap, and rectus abdominis flap.

Conclusions

The orthoplastic approach in musculoskeletal oncology is a collaborative model of orthopedic and plastic surgeons working together, resulting in a higher rate of successful limb salvage in patients at risk for amputation. Protocols, biologic substitutes, and surgical techniques are largely improved in the last decades increasing the possibility of functional reconstruction. Microsurgical strategies represent the new frontiers in these demanding reconstructions.
Motor unit number estimation via MScanFit MUNE in spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Vacchiano Veria , Morabito Francesca , Faini Claudia , Nocera Giovanna , Not Riccardo , Scarpini Gaia , Romagnoli Martina , Pini Antonella , Liguori Rocco
Published: March 2024

Introduction/Aims

MScanFit MUNE (MScanFit) is a novel tool to derive motor unit number estimates (MUNEs) from compound muscle action potential (CMAP) scans. Few studies have explored its utility in 5q spinal muscular atrophy (SMA5q) patients, assessing only the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle. We aimed to assess different distal muscles in pediatric and adult SMA5q patients, further evaluating clinical‐electrophysiological correlations.

Methods

We analyzed MScanFit parameters reflecting the extent of denervation (MUNE; N50) and parameters of collateral reinnervation in APB, abductor digiti minimi (ADM), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. SMA patients were clinically evaluated using standardized motor function clinical scales, including the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale – Expanded and the Revised Upper Limb Module.

Results

A total of 23 SMA5q (9 SMA type 2 and 14 SMA type 3) and 12 age‐matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. SMA patients showed lower MUNE and N50 values and higher parameters of collateral sprouting in all muscles compared to HC (p < .001). SMA type 2 patients demonstrated lower MUNE and higher collateral reinnervation values in APB and TA compared to SMA type 3 (p < .05). Walker patients showed higher values of MUNE and N50, and lower parameters of reinnervation in all muscles compared to sitters (p < .05). MScanFit parameters showed strong correlations (Rho‐values ranging from .72 to .83) with clinical measurements. MUNE values were abnormal in muscles that were not clinically affected.

Discussion

MScanFit parameters showed promise as an outcome measure. Further studies, particularly longitudinal ones, are needed to evaluate MScanFit in measuring response to treatments.
Bilanz Bayer 2023: Verluste verschmerzen
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: March 2024

Der Bayer‐Konzern hat im Jahr 2023 weniger umgesetzt als im Jahr zuvor. Nun will er die eigene Bürokratie bekämpfen. Die drei Geschäftsbereiche sollen bestehen bleiben: Agrarchemie, rezeptfreie und rezeptpflichtige Medikamente.
Didaktik: Robuste Schulversuche
Authors: Klemeyer Horst
Published: March 2024

Bestimmte Kriterien helfen zu beurteilen, ob eine Einstufung als Gefahrstoff auf soliden Grundlagen beruht sowie ob sich Inhalieren und Bioverfügbarkeit der Substanz ausschließen lassen. Schulversuche sind robust zulässig, wenn alle dabei verwendeten Stoffe nicht von Tätigkeitsverboten betroffen sein können, weil sie nicht bioverfügbar sind.
Pro & Contra Verpackungen: Richtige Verpackung vermeidet Lebensmittelabfälle
Authors: Hancker Mara
Published: March 2024

Verpackungen bieten viele Vorteile – und auch mit Verpackungen lässt sich nachhaltig konsumieren, meint Mara Hancker.
Nachruf: Jae‐Il Kim (1936 – 2023)
Authors: Seibert Alice , Geckeis Horst , Altmaier Marcus
Published: March 2024

Am 3. Dezember 2023 starb der Radio‐ und Nuklearchemiker Jae‐Il Kim, Gründungsvater der internationalen Fachkonferenz Migration.
Beyond boundaries: Neuroprotective effects of steroids and ecdysteroids in SH‐SY5Y cells ‐ A systematic review
Authors: Tayeb Bizhar Ahmed , Njangiru Isaac Kinyua , Minorics Renáta
Published: March 2024

Steroids and ecdysteroids have been shown to exhibit a range of biological effects, including anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective. This systematic review aims to highlight the evidence‐based neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of steroids and ecdysteroids in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on May 11, 2023, without publication source restrictions, using various electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Of 103 articles, only 20 studies were included for investigating the neuroprotective effects of steroids and ecdysteroids in SH‐SY5Y cells exposed to oxidative stress or neurotoxic agents. The risk of bias and quality assessment of the included studies were evaluated in accordance with the Nature Publication Quality Improvement Project specific criteria. The selected studies reported the antioxidant effects of the tested compounds on SH‐SY5Y cells and demonstrated their ability to scavenge free radicals and prevent lipid peroxidation. These findings suggest that neurosteroids have potential therapeutic applications for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by oxidative stress and neuronal damage. Some studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of steroids and ecdysteroids in SH‐SY5Y cells. These mechanisms include the activation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and the modulation of various signaling pathways, including the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B and mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase pathways. This review provides evidence that the tested compounds have remarkable neuroprotective and antioxidant effects in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells.
Enhancing performance of interleaved KY converter control in single phase grid‐tied PV systems: A hybrid approach
Authors: Shobha R , Narmadhai N
Published: March 2024

This paper proposes a hybrid COA‐QNN approach for an interleaved KY converter with closed‐loop control for a single‐phase grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) system. The proposed strategy combines both Cheetah Optimizer algorithm (COA) and Quantum Neural Network (QNN), and it is commonly named the COA‐QNN technique. The interleaved KY converter is connected in the converter side. The primary goal of the COA‐QNN technique is to enhance PQ while maximizing PV electricity being transferred to the grid. The proposed COA is utilized to identify the optimal closed‐loop controller enhancements for on‐grid solar photovoltaic systems. The QNN is used to predict the optimal control parameter. The PV‐interleaved KY converter is managed by a predictive control mechanism to carry out both tasks of PQ enhancement. By then the COA‐QNN technique is implemented on the MATLAB platform and compared with existing methods. Finally, the proposed method shows better results in all methods, such as GWO, FF optimization and combined GWO‐FF.
UPK3A+ umbrella cell damage mediated by TLR3–NR2F6 triggers programmed destruction of urothelium in Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome
Authors: Peng Liao , Chen Jia‐Wei , Chen Yuan‐Zhuo , Zhang Chi , Shen Si‐Hong , Liu Meng‐Zhu , Fan Yang , Yang Shi‐Qin , Zhang Xiu‐Zhen , Wang Wei , Gao Xiao‐Shuai , Di Xing‐Peng , Ma Yu‐Cheng , Zeng Xiao , Shen Hong , Jin Xi , Luo De‐Yi
Published: March 2024

Urothelial damage and barrier dysfunction emerge as the foremost mechanisms in Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (HIC). Although treatments aimed at urothelial regeneration and repair have been employed, their therapeutic effectiveness remains limited due to the inadequate understanding of specific cell types involved in damage and the lack of specific molecular targets within these mechanisms. Therefore, we harnessed single‐cell RNA sequencing to elucidate the heterogeneity and developmental trajectory of urothelial cells within HIC bladders. Through reclustering, we identified eight distinct clusters of urothelial cells. There was a significant reduction in UPK3A+ umbrella cells and a simultaneous increase in progenitor‐like pluripotent cells (PPCs) within the HIC bladder. Pseudotime analysis of the urothelial cells in the HIC bladder revealed that cells faced challenges in differentiating into UPK3A+ umbrella cells, while PPCs exhibited substantial proliferation to compensate for the loss of UPK3A+ umbrella cells. The urothelium in HIC remains unrepaired, despite the substantial proliferation of PPCs. Thus, we propose that inhibiting the pivotal signaling pathways responsible for the injury to UPK3A+ umbrella cells is paramount for restoring the urothelial barrier and alleviating lower urinary tract symptoms in HIC patients. Subsequently, we identified key molecular pathways (TLR3 and NR2F6) associated with the injury of UPK3A+ umbrella cells in HIC urothelium. Finally, we conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to confirm the potential of the TLR3–NR2F6 axis as a promising therapeutic target for HIC. These findings hold the potential to inhibit urothelial injury, providing promising clues for early diagnosis and functional bladder self‐repair strategies for HIC patients. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Decomposition‐based maximum likelihood gradient iterative algorithm for multivariate systems with colored noise
Authors: Liu Lijuan
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we use the maximum likelihood principle and the negative gradient search principle to study the identification issues of the multivariate equation‐error systems whose outputs are contaminated by an moving average noise process. The model decomposition technique is used to decompose the system into several regressive identification subsystems based on the number of the outputs. In order to improve the parameter estimation accuracy, a decomposition‐based multivariate maximum likelihood gradient iterative algorithm is proposed by means of the maximum likelihood principle and the iterative identification method. The numerical simulation example indicates that the proposed method has better parameter estimation results than the compared decomposition‐based multivariate maximum likelihood gradient algorithm.
Dual‐Mode Imaging of Dynamic Interaction between Bubbles and Single Nanoplates during the Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Process
Authors: Zhao Xin , Chen Houkai , Cui Yu , Zhang Xinyu , Hao Rui
Published: March 2024

Gas bubble formation at electrochemical interfaces can significantly affect the efficiency and durability of electrocatalysts. However, obtaining comprehensive details on bubble evolution dynamics, particularly their dynamic interaction with high‐performance structured electrocatalysts, poses a considerable challenge. Herein, dual‐mode interference/total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy is introduced, which allows for the simultaneous capture of the evolution pathway of bubbles and the 3D motion of nanoplate electrocatalysts, providing high‐resolution and accurate spatiotemporal information. During the hydrogen evolution reaction, the dynamics of hydrogen bubble generation and their interactions with single nanoplate electrocatalysts at the electrochemical interface are observed. The results unveiled that, under constant potential, bubbles initially manifest as fast‐moving nanobubbles, transforming into stationary microbubbles subsequently. The morphology of stationary nanoplates regulates the trajectories of these moving nanobubbles while the pinned microbubbles induce the motion of the electrocatalysts. The dual‐mode microscopy can be employed to scrutinize numerous multiphase electrochemical interactions with high spatiotemporal resolution, which can facilitate the rational design of high‐performance electrocatalysts.
Smart Energy Storage: W18O49 NW/Ti3C2Tx Composite‐Enabled All Solid State Flexible Electrochromic Supercapacitors
Authors: Hassan Muhammad , Li Pingping , Lin Ju , Li Zihao , Javed Muhammad S. , Peng Zhengchun , Celebi Kemal
Published: March 2024

Developing a highly efficient electrochromic energy storage device with sufficient color fluctuation and significant electrochemical performance is highly desirable for practical energy‐saving applications. Here, to achieve a highly stable material with a large electrochemical storage capacity, a W18O49 NW/Ti3C2Tx composite has been fabricated and deposited on a pre‐assembled Ag and W18O49 NW conductive network by Langmuir–Blodgett technique. The resulting hybrid electrode composed of 15 layers of W18O49 NW/Ti3C2Tx composite exhibits an areal capacitance of 125 mF cm−2, with a fast and reversible switching response. An optical modulation of 98.2% can be maintained at a current density of 5 mA cm−2. Using this electrode, a bifunctional symmetric electrochromic supercapacitor device having an energy density of 10.26 µWh cm−2 and a power density of 0.605 mW cm−2 is fabricated, with high capacity retention and full columbic efficiency over 4000 charge‐discharge cycles. Meanwhile, the device displays remarkable electrochromic characteristics, including fast switching time (5 s for coloring and 7 s for bleaching), and a significant coloration efficiency of 116 cm2 C−1 with good optical modulation stability. In addition, the device exhibits significant mechanical flexibility and fast switching while being stable over 100 bending cycles, which is promising for real‐world applications.
An In Situ TEM Study of the Influence of Water Vapor on Reduction of Nickel Phyllosilicate – Retarded Growth of Metal Nanoparticles at Higher Rates
Authors: Turner Savannah. J. , Visser Nienke. L. , Dalebout Remco , Wezendonk Dennie F. L. , de Jongh Petra E. , de Jong Krijn P.
Published: March 2024

Unavoidable water formation during the reduction of solid catalyst precursors has long been known to influence the nanoparticle size and dispersion in the active catalyst. This in situ transmission electron microscopy study provides insight into the influence of water vapor at the nanoscale on the nucleation and growth of the nanoparticles (2–16 nm) during the reduction of a nickel phyllosilicate catalyst precursor under H2/Ar gas at 700 °C. Water suppresses and delays nucleation, but counterintuitively increases the rate of particle growth. After full reduction is achieved, water vapor significantly enhances Ostwald ripening which in turn increases the likelihood of particle coalescence. This study proposes that water leads to formation of mobile nickel hydroxide species, leading to faster rates of particle growth during and after reduction.
Solvent‐Induced Bright Emission in Lead‐Free Organic–Inorganic Antimony Bromides with Reversible Transformation
Authors: Li Yanyan , Zhou Zhicong , Xing Zengshan , Ko Pui Kei , Wong Kam Sing , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Halpert Jonathan E.
Published: March 2024

Lead‐free low‐dimensional organic–inorganic metal halides have gained increasing attention in a wide range of applications due to their low toxicity, outstanding optical performance, and structural tunability. In this work, a general method of incorporating organic molecule into sodium antimony bromides is introduced. The 1D Na3SbBr6(C2H6OS)6 and Na3SbBr6(C4H8OS)6 single crystals exhibit bright yellow and orange emission with PL peaks at 610 and 664 nm, and high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 85% and 60%, respectively. These two compounds can be reversibly converted into each other by the removal and addition of the organic components. Their exceptional luminescent performance enables them to be used as solid‐state phosphors for the fabrication of yellow and orange down‐conversion LEDs. A white LED with a high color rendering index (CRI) of 95 is also fabricated by using Na3SbBr6(C2H6OS)6 as the yellow phosphor. The universality of this method is demonstrated by synthesizing other members of this family with diverse A‐groups, including methylammonium (MA) and formamidinium (FA). This work provides an effective strategy for the development of diverse lead‐free and high‐performance organic–inorganic hybrid materials and indicates these organic–inorganic hybrid compounds are promising luminescent materials for lighting or displays.
Spray‐Drying Assisted 3D Printing to Manufacture Beef Products
Authors: Liu Peng , Zhou Ziwan , Zhou Wenchang , Liu Chunjia , Wang Nanfang , Zhang Fan
Published: March 2024

Potato starch (PS), a naturally occurring carbohydrate biopolymer, is commonly used in the meat industry to enhance the processing and nutritional properties of meat products. This study utilizes spray drying to produce PS‐based powders for the production of 3D printed beef products. The effects of incorporating PS‐based materials at 1% concentrations into beef pastes are investigated, focusing on the impact on product texture, cooking properties, printing accuracy, freeze‐thaw stability, and color. Additionally, the suitability of the 3D printed beef products for individuals with dysphagia is assessed using the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI). The 3D printed beef products containing PS‐based powders are successfully manufactured and maintained their structure during printing and cooking. The addition of these powders improve moisture content, cooking yield, lightness, and reduced diameter reduction, redness, hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness. Moreover, the results suggest that P‐N, can be classified as potential level 6 diets (soft and bite‐sized) according to the IDDSI framework.
AdvancingPyrusphylogeny: Deep genome skimming‐based inference coupled with paralogy analysis yields a robust phylogenetic backbone and an updated infrageneric classification of the pear genus (Maleae, Rosaceae)
Authors: Jin Ze‐Tao , Ma Dai‐Kun , Liu Guang‐Ning , Hodel Richard G.J. , Jiang Yan , Ge Bin‐Jie , Liao Shuai , Duan Lei , Ren Chen , Xu Chao , Wu Jun , Liu Bin‐Bin
Published: March 2024

The lack of a robust phylogenetic backbone has posed significant challenges to proposing an infrageneric taxonomic classification of the pear genus,Pyrus, a widely distributed Eurasian lineage of Rosaceae. This issue has been exacerbated by limited informative loci and inaccessible taxon sampling. To address these limitations, we conducted extensive taxon sampling, encompassing 78Pyrusingroup individuals representing 32 species, along with 4 outgroup species. This comprehensive sampling strategy covers a wide range of morphological and geographical variations. To enable accurate phylogenomic inference, we assembled 801 single‐copy nuclear genes and 72 plastid coding sequences from deep genome skimming (DGS) data. Additionally, we employed a tree‐based method for nuclear orthology inference, which led to the generation of three orthologous datasets: one‐to‐one orthologs (1to1), monophyletic outgroups (MO), and rooted ingroups (RT). The results yielded from both nuclear and plastid analyses consistently support the monophyly ofPyrus, and two well‐supported clades, the Occidental and Oriental clades, were recovered in nine nuclear and three plastid trees. Integrating evidence from morphology and phylogenomics, we propose an updated infrageneric classification ofPyrus, which consists of two subgenera:P. subg.PyrusandP. subg.Pashiastat. nov. This revised classification provides a more robust framework for understanding the evolutionary relationships within the pear genus.
Structure, absolute configuration and cytotoxicity of compounds isolated from Decaschistia harmandii
Authors: Van Quang Ngo , Phuong Nguyen Thi Mai , Luong Dang Vu , Xuan Do Thi Thanh , Van Kiem Phan , Huyen Nguyen Thi Trang , Thuy Thanh Thi Thu
Published: March 2024

Phytochemical study of Decaschistia harmandii led to the identification of four compounds (−)‐Ampelopsin F (1), Ampelopsin (2), Rhodomyrtone (3), and Phloretin (4). The chemical structures of the compounds were determined based on NMR spectra. Absolute configuration of (−)‐Ampelopsin F (1) was elucidated based on ECD spectra. Simultaneously, the cytotoxic activity of the compounds was tested on four human cancer cell lines (MCF7, 5637, HEPG2, and A549). Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited cytotoxic activity against all the tested cell lines, in which compound 1 showed strongest activity with IC50 value of 15.20 ± 0.16 µm followed by compound 2 with IC50 of 17.20 ± 0.02 µm for MCF7 and 5637 cells, respectively. In contrast, the other two compounds showed no activity. This is the first study on the chemical composition of the D. harmandii species.
Atypically located accessory splenic hemangiosarcoma in a Dog: Diagnostic value of triple‐phase computed tomography
Authors: Yun Dain , Choi Jihye , Baek Yeong‐Bin , Cho Kyoung‐Oh , Lee Kija , Lee Sang‐Kwon
Published: March 2024

A 10‐year‐old Cocker spaniel presented with lethargy. Triple‐phase computed tomography was obtained with a contrast test bolus at the level of porta hepatis, which revealed a right lower abdominal mass. The mass was not connected to other abdominal organs; however, a linear structure was observed connecting the splenic hilum to the mass, which was suspected to be the feeding vessel. The arterial phase image was obtained again with a contrast bolus at the level of the celiac artery. A prominent contrast‐enhanced feeding artery originating from the splenic artery to the mass was observed. Histopathology confirmed an accessory splenic hemangiosarcoma.
Diagnostic pathways in acute appendicitis: Clinical score plus ultrasound outperform CT scan or upfront surgery, especially in doubtful cases
Authors: Coccolini Federico , Martinez‐Perez Aleix , Licitra Gabriella , De Angelis Nicola , Cremonini Camilla , Strambi Silvia , Zocco Giuseppe , Puglisi Adolfo , Tartaglia Dario , Chiarugi Massimo
Published: March 2024

Background

Controversies remain on the diagnostic strategy in suspected AA, considering the different settings worldwide.

Material and Methods

A prospective observational international multicentric study including patients operated for suspected AA with a definitive histopathological analysis was conducted. Three groups were analyzed: (1) No radiology; (2) Ultrasound, and (3) Computed tomography. The aim was to analyze the performance of three diagnostic schemes.

Results

Three thousand and one hundred twenty three patients were enrolled; 899 in the no radiology group, 1490 in the US group, and 734 in the CT group. The sex ratio was in favor of males (p < 0.001). The mean age was lower in the no radiology group (24 years) compared to 28 and 38 years in US and CT‐scan groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Overall, the negative appendectomy rate 3.8%: no radiology group (5.1%) versus US (2.9%) and CT‐scan (4.1%) (p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity analysis showed the best balance in clinical evaluation + score + US. These data reach the best results in those patients with an equivocal Alvarado score (4–6). Inverse probability weighting (IPW), showed as the use of ultrasound, is significantly associated with an increased probability of formulating the correct diagnosis (p 0.004). In the case of a CT scan, this association appears weaker (p 0.08).

Conclusion

The association of clinical scores and ultrasound seems the best strategy to reach a correct preoperative diagnosis in patients with clinical suspicion of AA, even in those population subgroups where the clinical score may have an equivocal result. This strategy can be especially useful in low‐resource settings worldwide. CT‐scan association may improve the detection of patients who may potentially be submitted to conservative treatment.
List of Supplementary MATLAB Functions
Authors: Wickramasuriya Dilranjan S. , Faghih Rose T.
Published: March 2024

All the MATLAB code examples accompanying this book can be run directly. The examples are self-contained and do not require additional path variables being set up. The following is a partial list of the supplementary MATLAB functions that are called at various stages by the state estimators.
State-Space Model with One Marked Point Process (MPP) Observation
Authors: Wickramasuriya Dilranjan S. , Faghih Rose T.
Published: March 2024

Thus far we have considered binary observations and continuous observations in our state-space models. With binary observations, we do not consider the magnitudes of the binary-valued events (since each is just a 0 or a 1) but are merely interested in the event occurrences. Consequently, we can treat the spiking-type observations in the earlier chapter as binary-valued as well. There too, our concern was primarily with the occurrence of the cardiac contractions and the accompanying spikes in an EKG signal, but not the actual amplitudes of the spikes.
Additional Models and Derivations
Authors: Wickramasuriya Dilranjan S. , Faghih Rose T.
Published: March 2024

Much of what we have described in the preceding chapters provides the basic tools necessary to build physiological state-space estimators. In this chapter, we will briefly review some additional concepts in state-space estimation, a non-traditional method of estimation, and some supplementary models. These may help serve as pointers if extensions are to be built to the models already described.
Clustering Trajectories to Study Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Distefano Veronica , Mannone Maria , Poli Irene , Mayer Gert
Published: March 2024

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of type-2 diabetes, defined prominently by a reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a measure of renal waste excretion capacity. However DKD patients present high heterogeneity in disease trajectory and response to treatment, making the one-model-fits-all protocol for estimating prognosis and expected response to therapy as proposed by guidelines obsolete. As a solution, precision or stratified medicine aims to define subgroups of patients with similar pathophysiology and response to the therapy, allowing to select the best drug combinations for each subgroup. We focus on eGFR when aiming to identify eGFR decline trends by clustering patients according to their eGFR trajectory shape-similarity.

The study involved 256 DKD patients observed annually for four years. Using the Fréchet distance, we built clusters of patients according to the similarity of their eGFR trajectories to identify distinct clusters. We formalized the trajectory-clustering approach through category theory. Characteristics of patients within different progression clusters were compared at the baseline and over time.

We identified five clusters of eGFR progression over time. We noticed a bifurcation of eGFR mean trajectories and a switch between two other mean trajectories. This particular clustering approach identified different mean eGFR trajectories. Our findings suggest the existence of distinct dynamical behaviors in the disease progression.
Exploiting the Potential of Bayesian Networks in Deriving New Insight into Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD)
Authors: Slanzi Debora , Silvestri Claudio , Poli Irene , Mayer Gert
Published: March 2024

Diabetic kidney disease is a serious complication of diabetes and one of the leading causes of chronic and end-stage kidney disease worldwide. The clinical course and response to therapy is complex and heterogeneous both between and over time within individuals. Therefore it is extremely important to derive even more in-depth information on what characterizes its pathophysiology and pattern of disease progression. Statistical models can help in this task by understanding the interconnections among variables clinically considered to characterize the disease. In this work we propose to use Bayesian networks, a class of probabilistic graphical models, able to identify robust relationships among a set of variables. Furthermore, Bayesian networks are able to include expert knowledge in the modeling phase to reduce the uncertainty on the phenomenon under study. We provide some evidence that the synergy between data and expert prior information is a great source of valuable help in gaining new knowledge about Diabetic Kidney Disease.
Erklärung(en) finanzieller Transfers
Authors: Bosshardt Tamara
Published: March 2024

Solidarität gehört zu den Grundbegriffen der Soziologie und wird als „Querschnittsthema“von der Soziologie des Sozialstaats bis zur Soziologie der Familie und Partnerschaft aufgegriffen. So beschreibt Schneider Familie als „exklusive Solidargemeinschaft, die auf relative Dauer angelegt ist“. Aufgrund der vielfältigen Bezüge könnte vermutet werden, dass eine ausgereifte soziologische Solidaritätstheorie vorliegt.
Aktuelle Transfers zwischen Generationen
Authors: Bosshardt Tamara
Published: March 2024

Finanzielle Zuwendungen sind neben dem Geben und Nehmen von Zeit und Raum wichtige Bestandteile von Beziehungen zwischen Generationen. Das gilt insbesondere für die Schweiz, ein Land mit einem hohen materiellen Wohlstandsniveau. Das letzte Kapitel hat einen Eindruck der vielfältigen Familien-, Ungleichheits- und Solidaritätsstrukturen vermittelt, die den Kontext für den finanziellen Austausch zwischen Erwachsenen und ihren Eltern bilden. Es wurde deutlich, dass Generationenbeziehungen in der Schweiz ganz unterschiedlich gelebt werden und sich sowohl der familiäre Kontext als auch die Beziehungsformen mit dem Alter der erwachsenen Kinder verändern. Das folgende Kapitel wird zeigen, dass dies auch für den Austausch von Geld-, Sachgeschenken und Zahlungen zwischen den Generationen gilt.