bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intravesical mitomycin C efficacy in acidic and alkaline urinary pH: impact on recurrence-free survival rate after TURBT
Authors: Naeem Muhammad Tayyab , Usman Ahmed Hassan , Ali Sarmad , Raza Hassan , Shah Ali Nawaz , Mahmmoud Fadelallah Eljack Mohammed
Published: October 2023

Background:

Urinary bladder tumor recurrence following transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is a common issue. This study aims to determine how urine alkalinization affects bladder tumor recurrence after surgery.

Materials and methods:

Sixty patients receiving mitomycin C (MMC) therapy after TURBT were divided into two groups based on mean pH values. Twenty-six patients were in group A, whose urine pH was below 5.5. However, there were 34 patients in group B, and their urine pH was higher than 5.5. Both groups of patients were given intravesical MMC once weekly for 6 weeks following TURBT. A cystoscopy was performed as a follow-up at 3, 6, and 12 months. Urine pH and the recurrence-free survival rate were compared using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and the COX proportional hazard model.

Results:

The mean time to tumor recurrence in group A (intravesical MMC in acidic urine) and group B (intravesical MMC in alkaline urine) was 12.48 versus 16.84 months, respectively. Alkaline urine pH was identified as an independent predictor of preventing the recurrence of superficial bladder tumors by univariate COX regression analysis. Age, sex, and mean tumor size did not affect the likelihood of tumor recurrence. However, smoking had an association with increased tumor recurrence.

Conclusion:

Tumor recurrence post-TURBT is delayed in patients with alkaline urine pH. Smoking is an independent risk factor for bladder tumors.
A rare case of squamous cell carcinoma within the necrotic mass of acute necrotizing pneumonia: when cancer strikes unpredictably
Authors: Mehta Kahan , Modh Deep , Mehta Samir , Tenkorang Pearl O.
Published: October 2023

Introduction and importance:

This case report presents an intriguing instance of a 35-year-old nonsmoker female who exhibited a convergence of acute necrotizing pneumonia (ANP) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), two distinct pulmonary conditions. ANP involves severe lung infection and tissue necrosis, while SCC is a non-small cell lung carcinoma originating from the bronchial epithelium. Such a unique combination in a nonsmoker female patient emphasizes the intricate interplay of diverse pulmonary pathologies and the importance of comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and effective patient management strategies.

Case presentation:

The patient’s symptoms include fever, pain, cough, and sporadic hemoptysis. Initial imaging suggested ANP due to a multilobulated necrotic lung mass. Despite empirical antibiotic therapy, no improvement occurred, prompting further investigation. Positron emission tomography and computed tomography revealed intense fluorodeoxyglucose avidity in the lesion. A computer tomography-guided Tru-cut biopsy confirmed non-small cell carcinoma with squamous differentiation in the necrotic mass.

Clinical discussion:

ANP is a severe manifestation of pneumonia, predominantly affecting young, healthy individuals, while SCC, commonly linked to smoking, presents as non-small cell lung carcinoma. Overlapping symptoms and radiological findings complicate diagnosis. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for both conditions to prevent progression and complications.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the significance of precise diagnosis and adaptable treatment approaches. The coexistence of ANP and SCC in a nonsmoker female patient underscores the necessity of meticulous diagnostic evaluation and personalized treatment strategies. The scarcity of such presentations emphasizes the need for further research to comprehend the mechanisms underlying these occurrences.
Evaluation of biochemical parameters in operating room staff exposed to radiation and anesthetic gases
Authors: Rezaei Bareza , Salehi Zahabi Saleh , darvishi Fatemeh , Salehi Amir , Hemmatpour Behzad
Published: October 2023

Background:

Exposure to ionizing radiations and other hazardous agents such as anesthetic gases pose serious risks to the health of healthcare workers. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in blood and biochemical parameters of the operating room staff exposed to ionizing radiations and remnants of anesthetic gas.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was performed at (Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital). The control group was selected from different parts of the hospital that were not exposed to ionizing radiations and anesthetics, including the office, services, and treatment. The case group included all operating room personnel. Hematopoietic parameters such as complete blood count and WBC differential, and parameters of liver function such as serum activity of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, LDH) and serum bilirubin levels, fasting blood sugar, serum lipid profile, level of vitamin D and magnesium were measured for the exposed and referent subjects. Additionally, a checklist was used to gather data regarding the occupational variables and medical histories of the studied subjects.

Results:

The mean values of Hb, Hct, Vitamin D, and MCHC, as well as the RBC count, were significantly lower in the exposed individuals than in the referent subjects. In contrast, the proportion of smokers was significantly higher in the exposed group than in the referent group. No significant differences were noted between exposed and unexposed groups as far as other parameters were concerned. However, no significant differences were noted between the case and control groups as far as other measured parameters were concerned. Likewise, no significant differences were noted between exposed and referent groups as far as blood types, history of underlying diseases, work history, working hours per month, number of morning and evening shift hours, type of diet, consumption of a high-fat diet a day before blood sampling, X-ray in the recent year, history of radiotherapy, and therapeutic agents use was concerned.

Conclusions:

Exposure of operating room staff to ionizing radiations and waste anesthetics gases is associated with subtle, subclinical prepathologic decreases in some hematopoietic parameters such as hemoglobin, hematocrit and MCHC levels, RBC count as well as vitamin D levels.
Assessing Chest Tube Insertion Skills Using a Porcine Rib Model—A Validity Study
Authors: De Mol Leander , Lievens Amber , De Pauw Najade , Vanommeslaeghe Hanne , Van Herzeele Isabelle , Van de Voorde Patrick , Konge Lars , Desender Liesbeth , Willaert Wouter
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Assessments require sufficient validity evidence before their use. The Assessment for Competence in Chest Tube Insertion (ACTION) tool evaluates proficiency in chest tube insertion (CTI), combining a rating scale and an error checklist. The aim of this study was to collect validity evidence for the ACTION tool on a porcine rib model according to the Messick framework.

Methods

A rib model, consisting of a porcine hemithorax that was placed in a wooden frame, was used as simulator. Participants were recruited from the departments of surgery, pulmonology, and emergency medicine. After familiarization with the rib model and the equipment, standardized instructions and clinical context were provided. They performed 2 CTIs while being scored with the ACTION tool. All performances were assessed live by 1 rater and by 3 blinded raters using video recordings. Generalizability-analysis was performed and mean scores and errors of both groups on the first performance were compared. A pass/fail score was established using the contrasting groups' method.

Results

Nine novice and 8 experienced participants completed the study. Generalizability coefficients where high for the rating scale (0.92) and the error checklist (0.87). In the first CTI, novices scored lower than the experienced group (38.1/68 vs. 47.1/68, P = 0.042), but no difference was observed on the error checklist. A pass/fail score of 44/68 was established.

Conclusion

A solid validity argument for the ACTION tool's rating scale on a porcine rib model is presented, allowing formative and summative assessment of procedural skills during training before patient contact.
Research progress on Wuzi Yanzong pills in the treatment of male infertility
Authors: Ip Chiwai , Hong Liang , Tong Yun , Li Shaoping , Zhao Jing
Published: October 2023

In recent years, because of changes in lifestyle, social environments, and other factors, male fertility has exhibited a declining trend in various countries and regions, including China. This poses a challenge for the prevention and treatment of male infertility. Wuzi Yanzong pill (WZYZP) is a renowned Chinese medicinal formula utilized for the treatment of male infertility and boasts a long history of use in this context. This article summarized the treatment approaches used in both Chinese and Western medicine for male infertility, along with the research advancements pertaining to the analysis of Chinese medical theory, pharmacological effects, bioactive ingredients, and the establishment of quality control standards for WZYZP in the treatment of male infertility, aiming to provide references for research related to the mechanism of action, identification of active ingredients, and clinical application of WZYZP in the treatment of male infertility.
Pseudophaeobacter profundi sp. nov., isolated from the Western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Zhu Xuying , Wang Liping , Lai Qiliang , Wang Jianning , Huang Jiamei , Li Guangyu , Zeng Lingyu , Xia Jingyu , Shao Zongze
Published: September 2023

A novel Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic and heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain ZH257T, was isolated from in situ enrichment samples incubated on the seamount floor of the Western Pacific Ocean. Cells were rod-shaped, oxidase- and catalase- positive, and motile by means of polar flagella. Strain ZH257T grew at 4–37 °C (optimum, 28–32 °C), pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 2.0–9.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3.0–4.0 %). Strain ZH257T was most closely related to members of the genus

Pseudophaeobacter

, sharing 99.13, 98.27 and 96.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identities with

Pseudophaeobacter flagellatus

GDMCC 1.2988T,

Pseudophaeobacter arcticus

DSM 23566T and

Pseudophaeobacter leonis

DSM 25627T, respectively. The DNA G+C content was 59.2 mol%. The estimated average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain ZH257T and its closely related species were 79.61–93.04 % and 23.10–50.20 %, respectively. Strain ZH257T harboured complete denitrification and nitrate assimilation pathways. Strain ZH257T contained summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
 ω7c and/or C18 : 1
 ω6c) as major fatty acids (>5 %), and Q-10 as the major respiratory quinone. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and four unidentified lipids. The combined phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data showed that strain ZH257T represents a novel species of the genus

Pseudophaeobacter

, for which the name Pseudophaeobacter profundi sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain ZH257T (=MCCC M29024T=KACC 23147T).
Calling site preference reduces masking interference of acoustic signals among sympatric bush frogs and facilitates coexistence
Authors: Abhijith A V , Mukherjee Shomen
Published: September 2023

The degree of signal overlap among sympatric species strongly influences the efficiency of intraspecific communication. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced among species that rely heavily on acoustic communication for locating mates and defending territories. Signal interference presents the classic cocktail party problem and, hence, can pose challenges for these species as it can likely hinder the detection, recognition, and localisation of conspecifics. To overcome this challenge, sympatric species are expected to partition their acoustic space to minimise masking interference. We studied a group of sympatric and closely related endemic frogs in coffee plantations of the Western Ghats, India. This community is active for a limited period during the monsoon and, therefore, has a restricted breeding season. Acoustic communication during the breeding season is integral to these frog species, making them an ideal system to investigate possible strategies adopted by a community to minimise masking interference. Using observational data on the vertical height of calling sites and acoustics data, we show that the frog assemblage can partition in multidimensional trait axes, such as call frequency and space. In addition, a novel coexistence strategy emerges when combining these results, where frogs with similar acoustic parameters partition more in their space use. Our results broadly suggest that competition for acoustic space can drive signal and space-use partitioning and that vertical call site selection can enhance the minimisation of masking interference. Our study is among the few studies that testspatial stratificationin conjunction withspectral stratificationamong coexisting species, and to the best of our knowledge, the first on amphibians.
Bringing circuit theory into spatial occupancy models to assess landscape connectivity
Authors: Kervellec Maëlis , Couturier Thibaut , Bauduin Sarah , Chenesseau Delphine , du Rau Pierre Defos , Drouet-Hoguet Nolwenn , Duchamp Christophe , Steinmetz Julien , Vandel Jean-Michel , Gimenez Olivier
Published: September 2023

Connectivity shapes species distribution across fragmented landscapes. Assessing landscape resistance to dispersal is challenging because dispersal events are rare and difficult to detect especially for elusive species. To address these issues, spatial occupancy models have been developed to integrate the resistance surface concept of landscape ecology and model patch occupancy dynamics through colonization and extinction while accounting for imperfect species detection. However, the most recent approach is based on least-cost path distances which assume that individuals disperse along the optimal route. Here, we develop a new spatial occupancy model that incorporates commute distances derived from circuit theory to model dispersal across sites. Our approach allows for explicit estimation of landscape connectivity and direct measure of uncertainty from detection/non-detection data. To illustrate our approach, we study the recolonisation of two carnivores in France, and quantify the degree to which rivers facilitate Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) dispersal and highways impede Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) recolonisation. Overall, spatial occupancy models provide a flexible framework to acccommodate any distance metric designed to align with species dispersal ecology.

Open Research Statement

Data and code used in this research are available on Zenodo athttps://zenodo.org/record/8376577
Obesity-elicited macrophages shape CD9hiprogenitor fate to promote adipose tissue fibrosis and dysfunction
Authors: Askia Haoussa , Dussaud Sébastien , Chaves de Oliveira Marina , Oliveira Amanda , Poupel Lucie , Rebière Clémentine , Ouhachi Melissa , Manuel Raoul , Merabtene Fatiha , Genser Laurent , Aron-Wisnewsky Judith , Moreau Martine , Yvan-Charvet Laurent , Ferreira Adaliene , Huby Thierry , Clément Karine , Marcelin Geneviève , Gautier Emmanuel L.
Published: September 2023

Obesity is a life-threatening condition characterized by a maladaptive remodeling of the visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT), including fibrosis, that drives vWAT metabolic alterations. We previously identified CD9hiadipose tissue progenitors as the main drivers of vWAT fibrosis in mice and humans. However, how their functions are controlled, especially by macrophages, remains largely unknown. We found that obesity-elicited monocyte-derived macrophages (obeMac) accumulation was considerably elevated in mice prone to obesity-induced vWAT fibrosis. Limiting obeMac build-up decreased the numbers and fibrogenic activation of CD9hiprogenitors, leading to decreased vWAT fibrosis and improved glucose homeostasis. In patients with obesity, we identified macrophages similar to mouse obeMacs that were associated with accumulation of CD9hiprogenitors in the vWAT and loss of glycemic control. Finally, intercellular communication analysis identified mediators produced by obeMacs that control the fibrogenic potential of CD9hiprogenitors. Together, we uncovered an obeMac-CD9hiprogenitors axis controlling vWAT fibrosis and dysfunction.
Better late than never: sleep still supports memory consolidation after prolonged periods of wakefulness
Authors: Petzka Marit , Zika Ondrej , Staresina Bernhard P. , Cairney Scott A.
Published: September 2023

While the benefits of sleep for associative memory are well established, it is unclear whether single-item memories profit from overnight consolidation to the same extent. We addressed this question in a preregistered, online study and also investigated how the temporal proximity between learning and sleep influences overnight retention. Sleep relative to wakefulness improved retention of item and associative memories to similar extents irrespective of whether sleep occurred soon after learning or following a prolonged waking interval. Our findings highlight the far-reaching influences of sleep on memory that can arise even after substantial periods of wakefulness.
When relational transparency backfires: examining the various impacts of authentic leadership on employee trust during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zheng Qi , Dong Chuqing , Zhang Yafei
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study examines how the different attributes of authentic leadership influence trust and employee organization fit and how such influences differ by gender and the level of positions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed a survey to examine US employees' perceptions toward different attributes of authentic leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Findings

The study showed that self-awareness, balanced processing and internalized moral perspective positively relate to trust in the employer, mediated through employee–organization fit. However, relational transparency has a backfiring effect, negatively related to trust through the mediation of employee–organization fit. Additionally, this study highlights the differences in gender and level of positions in reactions to authentic leadership.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the understanding of internal public relations in a turbulent crisis time by proposing a mediated model that explains the effects of authentic leadership on employees' trust through their fit with the organization. Additionally, it identified that gender and position level are important factors moderating such effects.
Exploring the prevalence of loneliness and social isolation in an analysis of Safeguarding Adults Reviews in South Yorkshire
Authors: Whitehead Louise Jayne
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the links between being lonely and isolated, and increased risks of abuse for adults with care and support needs.

Design/methodology/approach

Thematic analysis was used to explore features of loneliness and social isolation present in South Yorkshire Safeguarding Adults Reviews (SARs) published since 2014.

Findings

Ten out of fifteen SARs indicated there had been issues of loneliness and/or social isolation for the person who was the subject of the SAR.

Research limitations/implications

The limitations of this paper are that it only included SARs from the South Yorkshire area. Future research should explore national and international perspectives on these issues.

Practical implications

Safeguarding Boards should include actions to address loneliness and social isolation as part of prevention strategies and services to develop approaches that can minimise or prevent abuse before it occurs. Practitioners should routinely explore whether the people they work with feel lonely and/or isolated and support people to take appropriate action to mitigate these risks.

Originality/value

This paper uses the existing body of literature about loneliness and social isolation to explore the risks of abuse and neglect for adults with care and support needs.
Audit consortium impact on audit quality assessment: evidence from Egypt
Authors: AbuRaya Rania
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Audit consortium of joint and dual audits is one of the most controversial mechanisms aimed at improving audit quality and resolving several related debatable issues. This study aims to empirically investigate the impact of audit consortium on audit quality assessment in Egypt. It specifically examines whether audit opinion modification level is triggered by joint and dual audits existence and whether it is influenced by the relative importance of the auditor pair combination types.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of companies listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange constituting the EGX 30 index is examined over a period of five years, from 2016 to 2020. A quantitative research methodology is used, using content analysis of companies’ audit reports and carrying out longitudinal panel ordinary least squares multiple regression tests.

Findings

Results show that audit quality is significantly enhanced by conducting joint and dual audits of Egyptian companies’ financial statements. Findings indicate that both joint and dual audits significantly increase auditors’ propensity to modify audit opinions as compared to companies that engage in single audits. However, this increase in audit quality is not supported by the presence of Big 4 joint auditors or affiliated joint auditors, while the impact of Big 4 dual auditors cannot be confirmed. Nevertheless, such a potential increase in audit opinion modification is boosted by the presence of affiliated dual auditors, which appears to translate into higher quality.

Research limitations/implications

The study has important implications for researchers, corporates, those charged with governance, financial statement users, auditors, regulators and standard setters, who might be interested in whether an audit consortium and a particular auditor pair combination are associated with superior audit quality. It provides empirical evidence that might contribute to the continuous challenge of promoting the quality and effectiveness of the external audit.

Originality/value

This study adds to the relatively limited and challenging literature on the potential contribution of audit consortium, using audit opinion modification level as a direct assessment of audit quality. It extends the scope of prior research by examining the existence of joint and dual audits and the relative importance of joint and dual auditor pair combination types. The study provides key insights from a distinctive and complex emerging audit market.
Unveiling the predictors and outcomes of TikTok addiction: the moderating role of parasocial relationships
Authors: Akhtar Naeem , Islam Tahir
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Technology addiction is an increasingly severe problem. TikTok has become increasingly popular recently, and its addiction is also a major concern. This study aims to examine the antecedents and outcomes of TikTok addiction.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collect 579 data from Chinese users using an online survey. The authors use structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS-SEM) to analyze data and test hypotheses.

Findings

The results illustrate that perceived enjoyment, social relationship, utilitarian need and social influence positively affect TikTok addiction. Both social anxiety and loneliness have positive effects on TikTok addiction. Moreover, parasocial relationships positively moderate the association between the antecedents of self-determination theory (SDT) (perceived enjoyment, social relationship, utilitarian needs, social influence, social anxiety and loneliness) and TikTok addiction. Meanwhile, TikTok addiction intensifies conflicts, including technology-family conflict, technology-person conflict and technology-work conflict. These conflicts reduce life satisfaction.

Practical implications

It offers practical implications for preventing and avoiding TikTok addiction to create a healthy environment.

Originality/value

This study is one of the few to provide a complete process of TikTok addiction. It systematically investigates the antecedents and outcomes of TikTok addiction.
Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing
Authors: Whitesel Jessica
Published: September 2023

In this paper, I will explore the role of art‐making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self‐states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched’s (2013) recommendation for a “binocular stance” to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client’s unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.
Assessing the diversity of Australian tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae) using DNA barcoding and iterative species delimitation
Authors: Briggs Ethan J. , Santana Renan C. , Raven Robert J. , Cook Lyn G.
Published: October 2023

Tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae) are one of the most diverse and widespread families of mygalomorph spiders, with over 1000 species recognised globally. While tarantulas can be found across most of mainland Australia, from arid regions to tropical forests, the Australian fauna are not yet well characterised. There are currently only 10 nominal species, up to 8 of which are currently recognised as distinct species. Here, we aim to undertake the first continent‐wide assessment of species diversity of tarantulas in Australia using an iterative, hypothesis‐testing approach. We apply a biological species concept and use DNA sequence data from three independent loci to delimit putative species based on evidence of lack of gene flow. First, we use the mitochondrial DNA marker 16S to identify a set of putative species hypotheses. We then test each hypothesis under the expectations of neotypy, allotypy and allophyly using two independent nuclear loci, EF1γ and 28S rRNA. Genealogically exclusive lineages are inferred using haplotype networks for each nuclear locus, interpreted to represent non‐interbreeding entities and hence represent distinct biological species. We find evidence for there being at least 20 distinct biological species of tarantula in Australia, with the highest species richness in northern Australia. Our results are in line with other DNA‐based studies of Australian mygalomorphs that have uncovered undescribed species diversity. Given the low number of samples included here, there is likely to be an even greater species diversity of tarantulas in Australia.
Founder dynamic psychological ownership: Impacts on self and others at work
Authors: Zhu Helena , Smith Claudia , Brown Graham
Published: October 2023

As ventures grow, founders must decide between hanging on to control over venture decision‐making or delegating authority to professional managers. This decision is challenging since founders are typically driven by strong feelings of ownership toward their ventures. Adopting a qualitative research design with a grounded theory approach, we investigate the psychological ownership impacts on self and others within the venture when founders delegate decision rights to professional managers. Our analysis draws on in‐depth interviews with 30 founders and 14 professional managers hired by the founders. We develop the first process model of founders' dynamic venture‐targeted psychological ownership and demonstrate how recalibrating psychological ownership is key to the successful delegation of authority to professional managers. Our conceptual model also outlines a novel relationship between recalibrated psychological ownership and founder identity work. We outline our theoretical contributions to psychological ownership and identity control theory and offer practical advice to founders and their professional managers to help with the successful recalibration of founders' venture‐targeted psychological ownership in support of effective delegation and venture growth.
In severe alcohol‐related hepatitis, acute kidney injury is prevalent, associated with mortality independent of liver disease severity, and can be predicted using IL‐8 and micro‐RNAs
Authors: Tyson Luke D. , Atkinson Stephen , Hunter Robert W. , Allison Michael , Austin Andrew , Dear James W. , Forrest Ewan , Liu Tong , Lord Emma , Masson Steven , Nunes Joao , Richardson Paul , Ryder Stephen D. , Wright Mark , Thursz Mark , Vergis Nikhil
Published: October 2023

Background

The prevalence, prediction and impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) in alcohol‐related hepatitis (AH) is uncertain.

Aims

We aimed to determine AKI incidence; association with mortality; evaluate serum biomarkers and the modifying effects of prednisolone and pentoxifylline in the largest AH cohort to date.

Methods

Participants in the Steroids or Pentoxifylline for Alcoholic Hepatitis trial with day zero (D0) creatinine available were included. AKI was defined by modified International Club of Ascites criteria; incident AKI as day 7 (D7) AKI without D0‐AKI. Survival was compared by Kaplan–Meier; mortality associations by Cox regression; associations with AKI by binary logistic regression; biomarkers by AUROC analyses.

Results

D0‐AKI was present in 198/1051 (19%) participants; incident AKI developed in a further 119/571 (21%) with available data. Participants with D0‐AKI had higher 90‐day mortality than those without (32% vs. 25%, p = 0.008), as did participants with incident AKI compared to those without D0‐AKI or incident AKI (47% vs. 25%, p < 0.001). Incident AKI was associated with D90 mortality adjusted for age and discriminant function (AHR 2.15, 1.56–2.97, p < 0.001); D0‐AKI was not. Prednisolone therapy reduced incident AKI (AOR 0.55, 0.36–0.85, p = 0.007) but not mortality. D0 bilirubin and IL‐8 combined, miR‐6826‐5p, and miR‐6811‐3p predicted incident AKI (AUROCs 0.726, 0.821, 0.770, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Incident AKI is associated with 90‐day mortality independent of liver function. Prednisolone therapy was associated with reduced incident AKI. IL‐8 and several miRNAs are potential biomarkers to predict AKI. Novel therapies to prevent incident AKI should be evaluated in AH to reduce mortality.
Featured Cover
Authors: Lin Peng , Yan Pulin , Zhu Jun , Huang Sha , Wang Zhong , Hu Ou , Jin Huaijian , Li Yangyang , Zhang Liang , Zhao Jianhua , Chen Lin , Liu Bing , He Jian , Gan Yibo , Liu Peng
Published: October 2023

The cover image is based on the Original Article Spatially multicellular variability of intervertebral disc degeneration by comparative single‐cell analysis by Peng Lin et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cpr.13464.

image
Identifying barriers and facilitators to self care in young adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wong Sabrina K. W. , Soon Winnie , Griva Konstadina , Smith Helen Elizabeth
Published: September 2023

Aims

There is a rising trend of young‐onset type 2 diabetes (YOD) occurring before the age of 40 years. Lower adherence to self care behaviours (diet, physical activity and taking medication) contributed to poorer glycaemic control and higher risk of complications. Young adults with YOD face unique challenges, and our study aimed to identify the main barriers and facilitators of self care behaviours in this population.

Methodology

A qualitative study was conducted in the National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore, using in‐depth semi‐structured interviews. Maximal variation sampling was employed to include participants with YOD of varied age, ethnicity, educational levels and marital status. Thematic analysis was conducted, and barriers and facilitators were identified and mapped to domains of the theoretical domains framework.

Results

Twenty‐one participants aged 22–39 years were interviewed. We found patterns of intentions, self care behaviours and mindsets that were associated with different barriers and facilitators. Four patterns were identified and were named according to mindsets: avoidant, indifferent, striving and activated. In addition, experience of stigma and self‐blame from having type 2 diabetes in young adulthood was common across all mindsets, contributing to poorer self care behaviours and increased psychological burden.

Conclusion

Our study identified key barriers and facilitators of diet, physical activity and medication adherence in young adults with type 2 diabetes. Understanding barriers and facilitators, as related to mindsets, intentions and behaviours, will support a more individualised care approach.
Tech Startups Touching Hearts
Authors: Ozkan Gulay
Published: October 2023

Tech startups have the potential to affect millions, even billions of people. That's why tech entrepreneurs should think consciously about building human‐centric startups. Here is an excerpt from a book in progress: The subject is “human‐centric tech entrepreneurship.”

The “360 People” is what one analyst calls them. They are fed up with overconsumption, environmental crisis, and apathy. And they are young and online.
Barriers Facing Design and Creativity in Middle East SMEs
Authors: Elmansy Rafiq
Published: October 2023

Education, knowledge and experience, helpful banking systems, and above all, an understanding of design's role in business strategy and competitive advantage—all these will play a role in making life better for designers and design‐aware SMEs and, in turn, the economies of the countries of the Middle East.

Can design help small and medium‐sized businesses weather the economic and political upheavals in the Middle East? But first—can the design industry there be helped?
What Can Groundwater Monitoring Tell Us About Gas Migration? A Numerical Modeling Study
Authors: Jain Kartik , Van De Ven Cole J.C. , Mayer K. Ulrich
Published: October 2023

Groundwater monitoring to measure a variety of indicator parameters including dissolved gas concentrations, total dissolved gas pressure (TDGP), and redox indicators is commonly used to evaluate the impacts of gas migration (GM) from energy development in shallow aquifer systems. However, these parameters can be challenging to interpret due to complex free‐phase gas source architecture, multicomponent partitioning, and biogeochemical reactions. A series of numerical simulations using a gas flow model and a reactive transport model were conducted to delineate the anticipated evolution of indicator parameters following GM in an aquifer under a variety of physical and biogeochemical conditions. The simulations illustrate how multicomponent mass transfer processes and biogeochemical reactions create unexpected spatial and temporal variations in several analytes. The results indicate that care must be taken when interpreting measured indicator parameters including dissolved hydrocarbon concentrations and TDGP, as the presence of dissolved gases in background groundwater and biogeochemical processes can cause potentially misleading conclusions about the impact of GM. Based on the consideration of multicomponent gas partitioning in this study, it is suggested that dissolved background gases such as N2 and Ar can provide valuable insights on the presence, longevity and fate of free‐phase natural gas in aquifer systems. Overall, these results contribute to developing a better understanding of indicators for GM in groundwater, which will aid the planning of future monitoring networks and subsequent data interpretation.
Two‐year trajectories of COVID‐19 symptoms and their association with illness perception: A prospective cohort study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Authors: Wynberg Elke , Verveen Anouk , van Willigen Hugo D. G. , Nieuwkerk Pythia , Davidovich Udi , Lok Anja , de Jong Menno D. , de Bree Godelieve J. , Leenstra Tjalling , Knoop Hans , Prins Maria , Boyd Anders ,   the RECoVERED Study Group
Published: October 2023

Background

We used data from a prospective cohort to explore 2‐year trajectories of ‘long COVID’ (persistent symptoms after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection) and their association with illness perception.

Methods

RECoVERED participants (adults; prospectively enrolled following laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, May 2020–June 2021) completed symptom questionnaires at months 2–12, 18 and 24, and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B‐IPQ) at months 1, 6 and 12. Using group‐based trajectory models (GBTM), we modelled symptoms (mean total numbers and proportion with four specific complaints), including age, sex, BMI and timing of infection as covariates. In a multivariable linear mixed‐effects model, we assessed the association between symptom trajectories and repeated B‐IPQ scores.

Results

Among 292 participants (42% female; median age 51 [IQR = 36–62]), four trajectories were identified, ranging from Trajectory 4 (8.9%; 6 + symptoms) to Trajectory 1 (24.8%; no symptoms). The occurrence of fatigue and myalgia increased among 23% and 12% of participants, respectively. Individuals in Trajectory 4 experienced more negative adjusted B‐IPQ scores over time than those in Trajectories 1–3.

Conclusions

We observed little fluctuation in the total number of symptoms, but individual symptoms may develop as others resolve. Reporting a greater number of symptoms was congruent with more negative illness perception over time.
Effectiveness of conduction system pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Tavolinejad Hamed , Kazemian Sina , Bozorgi Ali , Michalski Roman , Hoyer Daniel , Sedding Daniel , Arya Arash
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with biventricular pacing (BiV‐CRT) is ineffective in approximately one‐third of patients. CRT with Conduction system pacing (CSP‐CRT) may achieve greater synchronization. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of CRT with His pacing (His‐CRT) or left bundle branch pacing (LBB‐CRT) in lieu of biventricular CRT.

Methods and Results

The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched until August 19, 2023, for original studies including patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) who received His‐ or LBB‐CRT, that reported either CSP‐CRT success, LVEF, QRS duration (QRSd), or New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification. Effect measures were compared with frequentist network meta‐analysis. Thirty‐seven publications, including 20 comparative studies, were included. Success rates were 73.5% (95% CI: 61.2–83.0) for His‐CRT and 91.5% (95% CI: 88.0–94.1) for LBB‐CRT. Compared to BiV‐CRT, greater improvements were observed for LVEF (mean difference [MD] for His‐CRT +3.4%; 95% CI [1.0; 5.7], and LBB‐CRT: +4.4%; [2.5; 6.2]), LV end‐systolic volume (His‐CRT:17.2mL [29.7; 4.8]; LBB‐CRT:15.3mL [28.3; 2.2]), QRSd (His‐CRT: –17.1ms [–25.0; –9.2]; LBB‐CRT: –17.4ms [–23.2; –11.6]), and NYHA (Standardized MD [SMD]: His‐CRT:0.4 [0.8; 0.1]; LBB‐CRT:0.4 [–0.7; –0.2]). Pacing thresholds at baseline and follow‐up were significantly lower with LBB‐CRT versus both His‐CRT and BiV‐CRT. CSP‐CRT was associated with reduced mortality (R = 0.75 [0.61–0.91]) and hospitalizations risk (RR = 0.63 [0.42–0.96]).

Conclusion

This study found that CSP‐CRT is associated with greater improvements in QRSd, echocardiographic, and clinical response. LBB‐CRT was associated with lower pacing thresholds. Future randomized trials are needed to determine CSP‐CRT efficacy.
Strange Bedfellows: Consumer Protection and Competition Policy in the Making of the EU Privacy Regime
Authors: Caliskan Koray , MacKenzie Donald , Rommerskirchen Charlotte
Published: September 2023

How was the European Union's privacy regime built? Drawing on regime theory and carrying out qualitative document analysis, we present the evolution of the privacy regime across the three decades from the 1995 European Data Protection Directive to the 2016 General Data Protection Regulation, the 2022 Data Governance Act and finally the 2022 Digital Markets package. Our analysis focuses on the European Commission and suggests that the privacy regime emerged out of the seemingly conflicting interplay between the (digital) single market whose power draws on the network effects of expanding data resources and concerns for personal privacy that seek limiting data gathering itself. Contrary to expectations, potential tensions between competition law and consumer protection have not hindered or decelerated the formation of the regulatory regime. In fact, these tensions have proven to be surprisingly productive.
Discount Rates, Debt Maturity, and the Fiscal Theory
Authors: CORHAY ALEXANDRE , KIND THILO , KUNG HOWARD , MORALES GONZALO
Published: October 2023

This paper examines how the transmission of government portfolio risk arising from maturity operations depends on the stance of monetary/fiscal policy. Accounting for risk premia in the fiscal theory allows the government portfolio to affect expected inflation, even in a frictionless economy. The effects of maturity rebalancing on expected inflation in the fiscal theory depend directly on the conditional nominal term premium, giving rise to an optimal debt‐maturity policy that is state‐dependent. In a calibrated macrofinance model, we demonstrate that maturity operations have sizable effects on expected inflation and output through our novel risk transmission mechanism.
Parental administration of over‐the‐counter medication to Spanish children: A population‐based national study
Authors: Martín‐Pérez Mar , López De Andrés Ana , Barcenilla González Miguel Ángel , Jiménez‐García Rodrigo , Hernández‐Barrera Valentín , Jiménez‐Trujillo Isabel , Palacios‐Ceña Domingo , Carrasco‐Garrido Pilar
Published: October 2023

Purpose

To determine the prevalence and predictors of parental administration of over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications to children in Spain.

Design and Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study performed with data from the 2011 to 2012 Spanish National Health Survey among children (birth to 14 years old) of both sexes.

Results

Of the 5,495 children analyzed, 8.2% had received OTC drugs in the 2 weeks preceding the survey. Medicines for colds (25.5%), analgesics (30.3%), and antipyretics (22.8%) were the most commonly used drugs. Some of the predictor variables of parental administration of OTC medications included older age groups (10‐ to 15‐year‐olds, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.45), no chronic illness (AOR = 1.21), children with limitations of normal activity (AOR = 3.05), parents of middle (AOR = 1.42) and higher (AOR = 1.38) social status, and completion of secondary school (AOR = 1.50) or higher education (AOR = 1.38).

Practical Implications

Understanding these factors may assist nurses to identify parents most likely to administer OTCs to their children, and to ensure that parents are aware of the purpose, dosage, side effects, and overall safety of OTC medications.
Anti‐melanogenic effect of exosomes derived from human dermal fibroblasts (BJ‐5ta‐Ex) in C57BL/6 mice and B16F10 melanoma cells
Authors: Lee Jung Min , Lee Jung Ok , Kim Yujin , Jang You Na , Yeon Park A. , Kim Su‐Young , Han Hye Sung , Kim Beom Joon , Yoo Kwang Ho
Published: September 2023

Exosomes are involved in intercellular communication by transferring cargo between cells and altering the specific functions of the target cells. Recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of exosomes in several skin diseases. However, understanding of the effects of exosomes on anti‐pigmentation is limited. Therefore, we investigated whether BJ‐5ta exosomes (BJ‐5ta‐Ex) derived from human foreskin fibroblasts regulate melanogenesis and delineated the underlying mechanism. Interestingly, treatment with BJ‐5ta‐Ex induced decreased melanin content, tyrosinase (TYR) activity, and expression of melanogenesis‐related genes, including microphthalmia‐related transcription factor (MITF), TYR, tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 (TRP1), and tyrosinase‐related protein‐2 (TRP2). In addition, BJ‐5ta‐Ex downregulated the cAMP/PKA and GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signaling pathways and upregulated the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Notably, treatment with BJ‐5ta‐Ex inhibited α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone‐induced melanosome transport and decreased the expression of key proteins involved in melanosome transport, namely, rab27a and melanophilin (MLPH). To further confirm the depigmenting effects of BJ‐5ta‐Ex, we conducted experiments using a three‐dimensional reconstituted human full skin model and ultraviolet B (UVB)‐irradiated mouse model. Treatment with BJ‐5ta‐Ex improved tissue brightness and reduced the distribution of melanosomes. In UVB‐irradiated mouse ears, BJ‐5ta‐Ex reduced the number of active melanocytes and melanin granules. These results demonstrate that BJ‐5ta‐Ex can be useful for the clinical treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.
Spectrum of lymphatic anomalies in patients with RASA1‐related CM‐AVM
Authors: Mologousis Mia A. , Ostertag‐Hill Claire A. , Haimes Hilary , Fishman Steven J. , Mulliken John B. , Liang Marilyn G.
Published: September 2023

Background

Capillary malformation‐arteriovenous malformation (CM‐AVM) is characterized by multifocal fast‐flow capillary malformations, sometimes with arteriovenous malformations/fistulas, skeletal/soft tissue overgrowth, telangiectasias, or Bier spots. Lymphatic abnormalities are infrequently reported. We describe seven patients with CM‐AVM and lymphatic anomalies.

Methods

Following IRB approval, we identified patients with CM‐AVM and lymphatic anomalies seen at the Vascular Anomalies Center at Boston Children's Hospital from 2003 to 2023. We retrospectively reviewed records for clinical, genetic, laboratory, and imaging findings.

Results

We found seven patients with CM‐AVM and lymphatic abnormalities. Five patients were diagnosed prenatally: four with pleural effusions (including one suspected chylothorax) and one with ascites. Pleural effusions resolved after neonatal drainage in three patients and fetal thoracentesis in the fourth; however, fluid rapidly reaccumulated in this fetus causing hydrops. Ascites resolved after neonatal paracentesis, recurred at 2 months, and spontaneously resolved at 5 years; magnetic resonance lymphangiography for recurrence at age 19 years suggested a central conducting lymphatic anomaly (CCLA), and at age 20 years a right spermatic cord/scrotal lymphatic malformation (LM) was detected. Chylous pericardial effusion presented in a sixth patient at 2 months and disappeared after pericardiocentesis. A seventh patient was diagnosed with a left lower extremity LM at 16 months.

Six patients underwent genetic testing, and all had RASA1 mutation. RASA1 variant was novel in three patients (c.1495delinsCTACC, c.434_451delinsA, c.2648del), previously reported in two (c.2603+1G>A, c.475_476del), and unavailable in another. Median follow‐up age was 5.8 years (4 months–20 years).

Conclusion

CM‐AVM may be associated with lymphatic anomalies, including pericardial/pleural effusions, ascites, CCLA, and LM.