bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genus identification and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from cows with acute mastitis in a practice population
Authors: Bezek David M.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine frequency and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens from cows with mastitis treated at a private practice during a 2-year period.

Design

Observational study.

Animals

Lactating dairy cows from 47 herds of 40 to 600 cows each.

Procedure

Bacteria isolated from milk samples were identified as coliforms. Staphylococcus spp, or Streptococcus spp, using selective media. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed, using the disk diffusion method with the following antibiotics: gentamicin, amikacin sulfate, penicillin G, penicillin G-novobiocin, ampicillin, cephalothin sodium, ticarcillin, ceftiofur, lincomycin, erythromycin, pirlimycin hydrochloride, sulfonamide, tetracycline, and polymyxin B.

Results

Of 354 samples tested, 82 (23.2%) yielded no growth. Of bacteria isolated, 54 (15.3%) were coliforms, 96 (27.1%) were Staphylococcus spp, and 94 (26.6%) were Streptococcus spp. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on 62.4% of all samples cultured. For Staphylococcus isolates, cephalothin was the most effective antibiotic in vitro for which a commercially available preparation exists. Penicillin G-novobiocin was the most effective antibiotic in vitro for Streptococcus isolates. Commercial antibiotic preparations approved for intramammary use were not effective in vitro against coliforms that were found to cause mastitis.

Clinical Implications

Mastitis caused by coliform organisms does not respond to commercial preparations intended for intramammary use; however, it may respond to parenterally administered antibiotics. Mastitis caused by Staphylococcus spp or Streptococcus spp should be treated first with a cephalothin or penicillin G-novobiocin preparation. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:404-406)
Tuberculosis in adult beef cattle of Mexican origin shipped direct-to-slaughter into Texas
Authors: Brown William H. , de Anda Jorge Hernández
Published: December 2023

Objective

To evaluate differences in prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in adult beef cattle that originated from different states in Mexico and were shipped direct-to-slaughter into Texas in 1995.

Design

Epidemiologic survey.

Animals

Approximately 65,000 adult beef cattle.

Procedures

Postmortem examinations of carcasses for detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection were conducted at slaughter plants in Texas. Specimens were collected from cattle with granulomatous lesions, stored in neutral-buffered 10% formalin or saturated sodium borate solution, and processed for histologic and bacteriologic diagnosis. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by state of origin. Difference between prevalences for different states was tested for significance (P< 0.05), using the proportion test.

Results

Overall prevalence of TB at slaughter in adult beef cattle that originated from Mexico was approximately 0.5/1,000 (34/65,233). Prevalence of TB in cattle that originated from Chihuahua (0.07) was significantly lower than that in cattle from Coahuila (0.80), Nuevo Leon (1.27), and Tamaulipas (1.81).

Clinical Implications

Prevalence of M bovis infection in adult beef cattle may be significantly different between states in the northern border region of Mexico. On the basis of disease prevalence and numbers of exported cattle and provided safeguards such as TB testing are continued, cattle from Chihuahua may pose a lower risk of TB transmission to Texas cattle than do cattle from Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas. To allow interstate/international movement of cattle from northern border states of Mexico, TB testing requirements should be continued. In the context of international trade, southern border states of the United States should continue collaborating with northern border states of Mexico to control and eradicate this disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:557-559)
Injuries and illnesses in working dogs used during the disaster response after the bombing in Oklahoma City
Authors: Duhaime Roberta A. , Norden Dianne , Corso Barbara , Mallonee Sue , Salman M. D.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

To determine characteristics of working dogs used during the disaster response after the bombing in Oklahoma City and risk factors for injuries and illnesses of those dogs, and to document recommendations for future disaster responses.

Design

Survey.

Study Population

Information for 74 working dogs used at the bombing site.

Procedures

Dog handlers were identified and asked to complete a questionnaire. Questions were asked about the training and use of each dog, use of paw protection, injuries and illnesses incurred, possible effects after completion of duty at Oklahoma City, and handler's experience.

Results

Data were obtained for all 74 dogs used at the site. Handlers of 69 of 74 (93%) dogs responded. The dogs had been extensively trained and were used 491 dog-days at the site, with 46 dogs used in search, 14 in patrol, 12 in explosive-detection duty, and 2 in search/patrol. Fifteen (22%) dogs became ill. Nineteen (28%) dogs incurred 20 injuries. Footpad injuries constituted 18 of the injuries. Only 16 of 69 (23%) dogs were provided with paw protection. Dogs were more likely to be injured when they were used in a search capacity, were used during the first 2 days after the bombing, were German Shepherd Dogs, or were older.

Clinical Implications

Although working in a highrisk environment, injuries to dogs were few, and most were minor. Specific recommendations could facilitate use of dogs in disaster situations and improve safety for those dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212: 1202–1207)
Effect of intracameral administration of carbachol on the postoperative increase in intraocular pressure in dogs undergoing cataract extraction
Authors: Stuhr Charles M. , Miller Paul E. , Murphy Christopher J. , Schoster James V. , Thomas Chester B.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine whether intracameral injection of carbachol at the completion of phacoemulsification in dogs would prevent the increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) that can develop during the first 24 hours after surgery.

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Animals

32 adult dogs undergoing elective unilateral or bilateral phacoemulsification.

Procedure

Dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups with 8 dogs/group: phacoemulsification and intracameral administration of 0.5 ml of 0.01 % carbachol at the end of surgery; phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, and intracameral administration of 0.5 ml of 0.01 % carbachol; phacoemulsification and intracameral administration of 0.5 ml of balanced salt solution; and phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, and intracameral administration of 0.5 ml of balanced salt solution. Intraocular pressure was measured at 3 and 6 hours and the morning after surgery. Aqueous flare was also measured 6 hours and the morning after surgery.

Results

None of the dogs treated with carbachol developed postoperative ocular hypertension (ie, IOP > 27 mm of Hg), whereas 12 of 16 control dogs had ocular hypertension 3 hours after surgery. Intraocular pressure 3 hours after surgery was not significantly associated with phacoemulsification time or phacoemulsification power or with whether the dog received an intraocular lens implant. Severity of aqueous flare was similar for treated and control dogs.

Clinical Implications

Results suggested that intracameral administration of 0.01 % carbachol at the end of surgery was a safe and efficacious method of preventing the postoperative increase in IOP associated with phacoemulsification in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:1885–1888)
Response to long-term enzyme replacement treatment in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Authors: Wiberg Maria E. , Lautala Hanna-Mari , Westermarck Elias
Published: December 2023

Objective

To study response to long-term enzyme replacement treatment in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI).

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Animals

76 German Shepherd Dogs or rough-coated Collies with EPI and 145 clinically normal dogs of the same breeds.

Procedure

Questionnaires were sent to owners of dogs with EPI and owners of clinically normal dogs. Dogs with EPI had been given dietary enzyme supplements for at least 4 months. Relative frequency distributions of gastrointestinal tract and dermatologic signs, prevalences of typical signs of EPI (eg, weight loss, ravenous appetite, yellow and pulpy feces, high fecal volume), feeding regimens, and dietary intolerances were compared between dogs with EPI and clinically normal dogs.

Results

Gastrointestinal tract signs considered typical for dogs with EPI were almost completely controlled with dietary enzyme supplements in half of the dogs with EPI, and their general health was similar to that of clinically normal dogs. A poor treatment response was found in a fifth of dogs with EPI that had several signs that were typical of EPI. Signs most often persisting were high fecal volume, yellow and pulpy feces, and flatulence. Dermatologic problems were common, especially in German Shepherd Dogs with EPI. Treatment response was irrespective of breed. Nonenteric-coated enzyme supplements, powdered enzyme, and raw chopped pancreas were equally effective in controlling clinical signs. Although dietary sensitivities were common, use of adjunctive dietary treatment was minimal. Antibiotics were occasionally administered to half of the dogs with EPI.

Clinical Implications

Results of this study indicate that, with basically similar treatment regimens, response to long-term enzyme treatment in dogs with EPI varied considerably. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:86-90)
Evaluation of an acriflavine disk assay for differentiating Staphylococcus aureus from other staphylococci isolated from bovine milk
Authors: Wallace Richard L. , Queen W. Gregory , Hoblet Kent H. , Hogan Joseph S.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To develop an acriflavine disk assay for identification of Staphylococcus aureus and to test whether the acriflavine disk assay could be used to differentiate S aureus from other staphylococci isolated from bovine milk samples.

Design

Prospective study.

Sample Population

882 staphylococcal isolates from bovine milk samples and 3 S intermedius isolates from dogs.

Procedure

Paper disks saturated with various amounts of acriflavine were used in a growth inhibition assay to determine the amount of acriflavine that would most reliably differentiate S aureus from other staphylococci. For all isolates, hemolytic pattern, results of tube coagulase tests after 4 and 24 hours of incubation, growth on acriflavine-supplemented media, results of an acriflavine disk assay, and results of an automated identification system were determined.

Results

10 μg of acriflavine/disk was determined to be the most appropriate concentration for use in the assay. All 112 isolates identified as S aureus by the automated identification system were resistant to this concentration of acriflavine, and only 1 of 236 isolates identified as non-S aureus staphylococci was resistant. There was substantial agreement between results of using the acriflavine disk assay as a diagnostic criterion for differentiating S aureus isolates from non-S aureus staphylococci and results of the automated identification system. Agreement between results of determining hemolytic pattern and results of other diagnostic tests was only moderate.

Clinical Implications

The acriflavine disk assay, using 10 μg of acriflavine/disk, was a practical, accurate method for differentiating S aureus isolates from non-S aureus staphylococci. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:394-398)
Reference values for glucose tolerance and glucose tolerance status in cats
Authors: Link Karl R. J. , Rand Jacqueline S.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine the reference range for glucose tolerance, using a simplified glucose tolerance test (GTT), and to evaluate glucose tolerance status in cats.

Design

Prospective study.

Animals

57 clinically normal cats.

Procedure

2 catheters were placed in the cephalic veins of nonsedated cats at least 3 hours before the test. Blood samples were obtained before (0 minutes) and 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after glucose (0.5 g/kg [0.23 g/lb] of body weight) was injected IV. Blood glucose concentration was measured by a glucose meter. Glucose half-life (t½) and disappearance of glucose (Kglucose) were calculated.

Results

Glucose tolerance in cats was considered normal when upper limits for glucose concentration were ≤ 159 mg/dl at 0 minutes, ≤ 322 mg/dl at 60 minutes, ≤ 238 mg/dl at 90 minutes, or ≤ 171 mg/dl at 120 minutes and glucose t½ was ≤ 94.7 minutes or Kglucose was ≥ 0.41 %/min. Impaired glucose tolerance in cats was defined as a glucose concentration ≥ 160 mg/dl at 0 minutes, ≥ 323 mg/dl at 60 minutes, ≥ 239 mg/dl at 90 minutes, or ≥ 172 mg/dl at 120 minutes. The frequency of impaired glucose tolerance was 2%. Five cats had stress-affected GTT. Significant differences in glucose t½ or Kglucose between cats < 7 and ≥ 7 years old were not found.

Clinical Implications

The simplified GTT and measurement of glucose concentration by a glucose meter provides a simple and low-cost method of assessing glucose tolerance status in cats that are normoglycemic after food is withheld. Use of absolute glucose concentrations overcomes the need to calculate glucose t½ values. The high glucose concentration at 0 minutes found in this study may reflect a more realistic concentration to use in assessing client-owned cats in a hospital environment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:492-496)
Medical management of urinary calculi in a stallion with breeding dysfunction
Authors: Sertich Patricia L. , Pozor Malgorzata A. , Meyers Stuart A. , Brown J. Stanley
Published: December 2023

Management of urolithiasis in horses varies depending on the size and number of calculi, their location in the urinary tract, sex of the patient, and availability of surgical facilities.

The recommended method for removal of cystic calculi in stallions and geldings is surgery; however, medical treatment consisting of lavaging the bladder and administering antibiotics and antiinflammatory drugs may be successful if the calculi are small.
Seroepidemiologic study of Neospora caninum in dairy herds
Authors: Paré Julie , Fecteau Gilles , Fortin Madeleine , Marsolais Grégoire
Published: December 2023

Objective

To identify risk factors associated with Neospora caninum infection in dairy herds in Québec and to estimate seroprevalence in case and control herds.

Design

Herd-based case-control and seroprevalence study.

Animals

3,059 cows from 24 case and 22 control dairy herds in Québec.

Procedure

Blood samples were obtained from each cow, and sera were tested, using an ELISA, for antibodies to N caninum. Owners of herds answered questionnaires requesting information on demographics and herd management practices. Seroprevalence was compared between case and control herds, using the Mann-Whitney test. Risk factors were compared between case and control herds, using logistic regression.

Results

All case herds and 73% of control herds had at least one seropositive cow. Median seroprevalence was significantly greater among case herds (22.5%) than among control herds (7.5%). Dogs were found most often and in greatest numbers on farms housing case herds compared with control herds during the past 3 years.

Clinical Implications

Although the exact role that dogs have in transmission of N caninum in dairy herds needs to be elucidated, dogs should have limited access to barns and cattle.(J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:1595–1598)
Comparison of the effects of asparaginase administered subcutaneously versus intramuscularly for treatment of multicentric lymphoma in dogs receiving doxorubicin
Authors: Valerius Karina D. , Ogilvie Gregory K. , Fettman Martin J. , Walton Judy A. , Richardson Kristi , Powers Barbara E. , McNiel Elizabeth A. , Rogers Quinton R.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine the effectiveness and safety of asparaginase administered SC versus IM for treatment of multicentric lymphoma in dogs receiving doxorubicin.

Design

Prospective study.

Animals

49 dogs with multicentric lymphoma

Procedure

Dogs were treated with doxorubicin every 3 weeks, for a total of 5 treatments, and were given 3 weekly treatments of asparaginase, SC or IM. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, mean plasma asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamine, and glutamic acid concentrations were determined in dogs before and during treatment with asparaginase (10,000 U/m2 of body surface area, once a week for 3 weeks). Asparaginase was administered SC in 23 dogs and IM in 26 dogs. Variables evaluated included time to response to chemotherapy, remission and survival times, and clinical and serum biochemical indicators of toxicoses

Results

Using the World Health Organization's staging system for lymphoma, 30 dogs were in clinical stage III and 19 were in clinical stage IV. One week after asparaginase treatment, plasma asparagine concentrations were low and plasma aspartic acid, glutamine, and glutamic acid concentrations were high. Differences in plasma amino acid concentrations were not found between SC and IM groups. For dogs in clinical stage IV, IM administration of asparaginase significantly decreased the number of days to complete remission, compared with SC administration (8 vs 17 days, respectively). For dogs in clinical stage III, IM administration favorably increased the duration of first remission (191 vs 103 days) and survival time (289 vs 209 days). Overall, dogs treated IM had a faster response to chemotherapy (9 vs 15 days), a longer remission (191 vs 109 days), and a longer survival time (286 vs 198 days), compared with all dogs treated SC. Asparaginase toxicoses were not observed regardless of the route of administration.

Clinical Implications

For dogs with multicentric lymphoma that are receiving doxorubicin, IM treatment with asparaginase is more effective than SC treatment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:353–356)
Revenue, expense, and returns on resources for US veterinary practices, 1995 and 1997
Authors: Karl Wise J. , Adams Claire-Louise
Published: December 2023

Median gross practice revenue for 1997 was $361,754, an increase of 2.4% from 1995.

Median net practice revenue for 1997 was $123,353, an increase of 16% from 1995.
Management of limb fractures in wapiti (Cervus elaphus): 22 cases (1993-1997)
Authors: Cruz Antonio M. , Bailey Jeremy V. , Fretz Peter B.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine treatment and outcome of a series of wapiti (elk) with fractures of the limbs.

Design

Retrospective study.

Animals

22 wapiti.

Procedure

Medical records were reviewed to determine affected limb and bone, fracture configuration, method of treatment, outcome, and complications.

Results

2 animals had fractures of the humerus; 8 had fractures of the radius, ulna, or both; 5 had fractures of the third metacarpal bone; 3 had fractures of the tibia; 2 had fractures of the femur; and 2 had fractures of the tarsal bones. Most fractures (n = 11) were closed, displaced, nonarticular fractures; 6 fractures were open. Four animals died or were euthanatized prior to fracture treatment, 2 were not treated because fractures had already healed, and 14 underwent fracture repair. In the remaining 2 animals, the affected limb was amputated. Five animals developed nonfatal complications (wound dehiscence, osteomyelitis [2 animals], delayed union, and malunion) and 2 developed fatal complications (gastrocnemius rupture and femoral fracture during recovery). Overall, 16 animals were discharged from the hospital, and all were doing well at follow-up, 2 months to 4 years after discharge.

Clinical Implications

In wapiti, limb fractures can be successfully treated by means of internal or external fixation. The high rate of fracture healing, even among wapiti with open fractures, should encourage veterinarians to repair limb fractures in wapiti. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:1829-1832)
Control of fleas on pets and in homes by use of imidacloprid or lufenuron and a pyrethrin spray
Authors: Dryden Michael W. , Perez Hector R. , Ulitchny Daniel M.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To evaluate imidacloprid and the combination of lufenuron and pyrethrin to control flea infestations in households with pets.

Animals

37 dogs and 19 cats in 34 flea-infested households.

Procedure

Households were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 groups. Pets in group 1 were treated topically with imidacloprid on day 0, then once a month for 90 days. Pets in group 2 were given lufenuron orally on day O and at monthly intervals for 90 days and also were treated topically with a pyrethrin spray every 1 to 2 weeks throughout the study. Flea numbers in homes were assessed by use of intermittent light traps, and flea burdens on pets were assessed using visual area counts done once a week during the first month, then every other week.

Results

One application of imidacloprid reduced flea burdens on pets by 96 and 93.5% on days 7 and 28, respectively, compared with day-O burdens. Following 3 applications, flea burdens on pets and in homes were reduced by 98.8 and 99.9%, respectively. Lufenuron and pyrethrin spray reduced flea numbers on pets by 48.9 and 91.1% on days 7 and 28, respectively. By the end of the study, this combination reduced flea burdens on pets and in homes by 99.2 and 99.7%, respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Imidacloprid applied topically or lufenuron administered orally along with a topically applied pyrethrin spray were effective in eliminating fleas on pets and in homes. Flea control can be achieved with topical application of adulticides or oral administration of insect growth regulators without concomitant treatment of the surroundings. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:36-39)
Radiation exposure to personnel during examination of limbs of horses with a portable hand-held fluoroscopic unit
Authors: Thomas Helen L. , Trout Donald R. , Dobson Howard , McFadden Robert C.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

To determine radiation exposure to personnel during fluoroscopic imaging of limbs of horses with a portable unit and to determine distance from the c-arm at which radioprotective clothing is not required.

Design

Repeated-measures cohort study.

Sample Population

Part 1, 1 forelimb and 1 hind limb from each of 5 equine cadavers; parts 2 and 3, personnel involved during imaging of limbs of 5 and 9 horses, respectively.

Procedure

Radiation exposure rates were mapped around the suspended c-arm of a portable fluoroscopy unit during imaging of various joints of equine cadaver limbs. During similar examinations in live horses, exposure rates to the fluoroscopist and assistant were measured. Mean duration for fluoroscopy of various joints was determined by observing an experienced fluoroscopist. Exposure to fluoroscopists and assistants per examination and per annum was estimated.

Results

Radiation exposure rates were dependent on distance and direction relative to the c-arm and consistently highest on the tube side of the unit. Exposure was significantly greater than background amounts until approximately 4.7 m from the c-arm. During examination of live horses, exposure was highest to the fluoroscopist's hand nearest the tube. Typically, exposure to the fluoroscopist and assistant during carpal examination was 25 to 40 times greater than that for comparable radiographic examination. Annual exposure for fluoroscopists was more than twice the recommended maximum permissible dose.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Fluoroscopic imaging of limbs of horses represents a major source of radiation exposure. Annual maximum permissible doses of radiation will be rapidly exceeded if required radioprotective clothing is not worn. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:372–379)
Effect of furosemide on performance of Thoroughbreds racing in the United States and Canada
Authors: Gross Diane K. , Morley Paul S. , Hinchcliff Kenneth W. , Wittum Thomas E.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine the effect of furosemide on performance of Thoroughbreds racing on dirt surfaces at tracks in the United States and Canada.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Animals

All Thoroughbreds (n = 22,589) that finished a race on dirt surfaces at tracks in the United States and Canada between June 28 and July 13, 1997 in jurisdictions that allowed the use of furosemide.

Procedure

Race records were analyzed by use of multivariable ANOVA procedures and logistic regression analyses to determine the effect of furosemide on estimated 6-furlong race time, estimated racing speed, race earnings, and finish position. Principal component analysis was used to create orthogonal scores from multiple collinear variables for inclusion in the models.

Results

Furosemide was administered to 16,761 (74.2%) horses. Horses that received furosemide raced faster, earned more money, and were more likely to win or finish in the top 3 positions than horses that did not. The magnitude of the effect of furosemide on estimated 6-furlong race time varied with sex, with the greatest effect in males. When comparing horses of the same sex, horses receiving furosemide had an estimated 6-furlong race time that ranged from 0.56 ± 0.04 seconds (least-squares mean ± SE) to 1.09 ± 0.07 seconds less than that for horses not receiving furosemide, a difference equivalent to 3 to 5.5 lengths.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Because of the pervasive use of furosemide and its apparent association with superior performance in Thoroughbred racehorses, further consideration of the use of furosemide and investigation of its effects in horses is warranted. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:670–675)
Colorectal cancer screening guidelines for average-risk and high-risk individuals: A systematic review
Authors: Tanadi Caroline , Tandarto Kevin , Stella Maureen Miracle , Sutanto Kenny Wijaya , Steffanus Mario , Tenggara Riki , Bestari Muhammad Begawan
Published: December 2023

Aims

This review aims to summarize the different colorectal cancer guidelines for average-risk and high-risk individuals from various countries.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search regarding guidelines, consensus recommendations, or position statements about colorectal cancer screening published within the last 10 years (1st January 2012 to 27th August 2022), was performed at EBSCOhost, JSTOR, PubMed, ProQuest, SAGE, and ScienceDirect.

Results

A total of 18 guidelines were included in this review. Most guidelines recommended screening between 45 and 75 years for average-risk individuals. Recommendations regarding colorectal cancer screening in high-risk individuals were more varied and depended on the risk factor. For high-risk individuals with a positive family history of colorectal cancer or advanced colorectal polyp, screening should begin at age 40. Some frequently suggested screening modalities in order of frequency are colonoscopy, FIT, and CTC. Furthermore, several screening intervals were suggested, including colonoscopy every 10 years for average-risk and every 5-10 years for high-risk individuals, FIT annually in average-risk and every 1-2 years in high-risk individuals, and CTC every five years for all individuals.

Conclusion

All individuals with average-risk should undergo colorectal cancer screening between 45 and 75. Meanwhile, individuals with higher risks, such as those with a positive family history, should begin screening at age 40. Several recommended screening modalities were suggested, including colonoscopy every 10 years in average-risk and every 5-10 years in high-risk, FIT annually in average-risk and every 1-2 years in high-risk, and CTC every five years.
Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative traits of ten lowland chili genotypes
Authors: Wahyudi Anung , Muhamad Syukur  , Ria Putri  , Akbar Hidayatullah Zaini  , Muhammad Ridha Alfarabi Istiqlal
Published: December 2023

One of the important stages in chili breeding is the multi-location test. The lowlands became one agroecology in the chili multi-location test because most farmers, especially in Sumatra, plant chilies on the lowlands after the rice planting season. The purpose of this study was to understand the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of chili genotypes in a lowland area. The experiment was arranged in a single-factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The chili genotypes evaluated were four test lines and six check varieties. The quantitative data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by evaluation of genotype means using the least significant difference (LSD) tests by SPSS Statistics software. The results showed that the check variety having the lowest productivity was CH3 (1.19 tons ha-1) and the highest was Elegant (4.55 tons ha-1). The productivity of four genotypes from IPB were significantly different from the CH3 and Imperial 10 varieties, but not significantly different from Baja (2.96 tons ha-1), Balebat (3.87 tons ha-1), Elegant (4.55 tons ha-1) and Gada (3.04 tons ha-1) varieties. This research shows that the four genotypes from IPB have the potential to become new superior varieties.

Keywords: Lampung; multi-location; plant breeding; varieties
Androlojide yapay zekânın kullanım alanları
Authors: Kazıcı Hakan Görkem , Erol Haluk
Published: December 2023

Artificial intelligence, which has become increasingly popular in recent years, has started to be used frequently in the field of medicine as in many other fields. Artificial intelligence, which has started to be used at many points in every field of modern medicine, has been used in the field of andrology in recent years in many areas from diagnosis to treatment of diseases. In this review, the areas of utility of artificial intelligence in andrology will be examined in the light of current literature. Keywords: artificial intelligence, andrology, infertility, assisted reproductive techniques, robotic surgery, erectile dysfunction
Doğum sonu dönemdeki kadınlarda benlik saygısı ve cinsel yaşam kalitesi: kesitsel bir çalışma
Authors: Topaloğlu Ören Ekin Dila , Yaşar Öznur
Published: December 2023

Objective: This research was conducted to determine the level of self-esteem and quality of sexual life in postpartum women and to examine the relationship between them. Method: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with women who came to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Policlinic of a training and research hospital in Izmir, western Turkey, for routine postpartum control between March and July 2023. A total of 221 sexually active women who completed their first six weeks in the postpartum period were included in the study. Data were collected using the “Descriptive Information Form”, “Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale” and “Sexual Life Quality Scale”. Number, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to evaluate the descriptive data, t-test and One Way ANOVA were used to compare the descriptive data and scale scores, and correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the scales. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the factors that predicted the quality of sexual life. Results: The mean age of the women was 27.33±5.97, the mean age of their spouse was 31.33±6.81 and the mean duration of marriage was 5.15±3.55. The mean total score of women’s RSES was 15.68±2.49 (12–22) and the mean total score of SLQS was 51.68±14.16 (17–95). There is a statistically significant and positive low correlation between the total mean scores of RSES and SLQS (p<0.05). It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between family type, having problems in sexual life in the pre-pregnancy and postpartum period and the total mean of RSES score, and the duration after delivery, the status of having problems in sexual life in the pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and postpartum period, and the total mean of SLQS scores (p<0.05). It was determined that the most important predictor affecting the quality of sexual life was having problems in postnatal sexual life. Conclusion: In the study, it was determined that the self-esteem of women was high and their quality of sexual life was moderate. The increase in women’s self-esteem levels increases their quality of sexual life and having problems in sexual life affects both self-esteem and quality of sexual life. Keywords: postpartum, self-esteem, sexual life, sexual life quality
Human Papilloma Virüsü Farkındalık ve Endişe Düzeyi Ölçeği (HPV-FEÖ): Ölçek geliştirme çalışması
Authors: Yılmaz Esencan Tuğba , Demir Yıldırım Ayça , Yıldız Mehtap
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop a scale to measure women’s awareness and concern levels about Human Papillomavirus (HPV). MATERIALS and METHODS: The data of this methodological study were collected between December 2022 and July 2023 at the 16th Family Health Center affiliated with the Eyüp District Health Directorate in the European side of Istanbul. A total of 270 women were included for exploratory factor analysis, 400 women for confirmatory factor analysis, and 30 women for test-retest application. IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program version 24.0 and AMOS 26.0 software packages were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The scale consists of 19 items, with a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.905. There was a significant differentiation in all items of the scale (p<0.05), and discriminative power was achieved in the lower and upper 27% percentile groups. The Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin (KMO) value of the scale was calculated as 0.879, indicating suitability for principal component analysis. Similarly, the results of Bartlett’s Test (χ²=2538.404, p=0.000) showed that the data were interrelated and suitable for factor analysis. The scale items were distributed into 3 factors, accounting for a total variance of 62.929%. The first factor was named “concern about health”, the second factor was “concern about exclusion”, and the third factor was “awareness status”. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, it was determined that the Human Papillomavirus Awareness and Concern Level Scale (HPV-ACLS) is a valid and reliable measurement tool for women living in the Turkish society. Keywords: HPV awareness; HPV testing; cervical cancer; cervical screening; HPV concern; scale development
УКРАЇНСЬКА ОСВІТА В ПОЛІТИЧНІЙ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ І ПРАКТИЧНІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ МИКОЛИ МІХНОВСЬКОГО
Authors: ТУРЧЕНКО Федір , ТЕРНО Сергій
Published: December 2023

Мета роботи – проаналізувати місце освітнього фактора в теоретико-політичній концепції та практичній діяльності Миколи Міхновського – видатного діяча українського національно-визвольного руху, який на початку ХХ ст. започаткував на Наддніпрянській Україні боротьбу за самостійність. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на принципі історизму та психологічному підході, які дають змогу проаналізувати зв'язок мовного питання та національної ідентичності. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у підході до національної освіти як до засобу консолідації українців у їх боротьбі за українську ідентичність і як важливого фактора формування модерної європейської нації та відродження незалежної Української держави.

Висновки. М. Міхновський дійшов висновку, що національне визволення України неможливе без радикального політичного і соціо-культурного розриву з Росією. Одним із важливих засобів досягнення цієї мети було створення ефективної системи української народної освіти. Саме освіта мала стати потужним фактором перетворення українців на модерну націю, яка здатна побудувати незалежну Україну. Пройшло століття пошуків і кривавих трагедій, перш ніж українське суспільство усвідомило, що майбутнє України неможливе без радикальної дерусифікації, деколонізації, соціо-культурного дистанціювання від Росії та цивілізаційної переорієнтації на Європу. Сьогодні виявився цілком слушним формат культурно-освітніх відносин України з Росією, що його запропонував М. Міхновський. “Вікно можливостей” для цього відкрилося у ході повномасштабної російсько-української війни, яка почалася у лютому 2022 р.

Ключові слова: самостійність, автономія, асиміляція, русифікація, національна школа, українізація, націотворення, Українська революція.
Evaluation of Protein Profiles, Bioactivity, Allergenicity and Toxicity of Peptides Generated After in silico Digestion of Common Wheat and Einkorn Wheat
Authors: Perçin Pelin Sultan , Karakaya Sibel
Published: December 2023

The belief that ancient wheat is more beneficial than common wheat has been growing trend in recent years among the consumers. The present study aims to compare bioactive peptide, allergen peptide and toxic peptide generation after gastrointestinal digestion of modern wheat (Triticum aestivum) and ancient wheat, einkorn (Triticum monococcum var. monococcum), using in silico tools. The primary sequences of both kinds of wheat were obtained from BIOPEP-UWM and UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database. In silico digestion was applied using BIOPEP-UWM online tool. For the simulation of gastrointestinal digestion pepsin (pH 1.3) (EC 3.4.23.1), trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4), and chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) were selected and analyzed. Homology analysis was performed for each protein sequences using EMBOSS Needle program. Toxic and allergen peptides were predicted using ToxinPred online tool and Allergen FP v.1.0. The results showed that einkorn and common wheat proteins exhibited similar properties including high similarity rate (58.72-87.40%) indicating the percentage of matches between the two sequences and the identical bioactivities for peptides generated after digestion. Most of the bioactive peptides were dipeptides and the majority of them displayed more than one bioactivities including ACE inhibitory, DPP IV inhibitory or antioxidant activity, etc. Allergen peptides generated after in silico digestion were found to be similar for both kinds of wheat. In silico gastric digestion of einkorn and wheat caused toxic peptides production, but they were disappeared after in silico intestinal digestion. In conclusion, although there is a perception related to the Einkorn that is healthier than common wheat, in silico digestion of common wheat and einkorn did not support this perception.
Screening of Promising Maize Varieties Against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulky) Under Storage Condition
Authors: Pandey Sarjit , Katuwal Dharma Raj , Aryal Rashmi
Published: December 2023

The maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) causes significant quantitative and qualitative losses during storage. To identify resistant varieties of maize against this pest, an experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 11 varieties in free and no-choice conditions. The study measured weight loss, mean bored grain, debris, and weevil numbers at 30, 60, and 90 days. The findings showed that BG13Y-POP, Manakamana-7, and RML-19/RML-6 were the most resistant varieties, with weight loss percentages of 1.99%, 1.47%, and 1.74%, respectively, and final weevil numbers of 104, 72, and 73. Ganesh-2 and ZM-401 were the most susceptible varieties, with weight losses of 7.34% and 6.05%, respectively. The maximum debris weight was found in RML-761/RL-105 (1.98 g), while the minimum was found in Manakamana-7 (0.26 g). The highest number of bored grains was observed in Ganesh-2 (81), while the lowest number was observed in Rampur-4 (51). Similarly, ZM-401 (158) and Ganesh-2 (165) exhibited the highest weevil population, while the lowest count was found in Rampur-4 (72). Overall, using resistant varieties, such as Manakamana-7, BG13Y-POP, and RML-19/RML-6, can be an effective approach for reducing post-harvest losses from weevil infestation.
Effect of Fenugreek Gum and Eggplant Peel Extract on Physicochemical, Storage, Bioactive, and Sensory Properties of Dairy Dessert
Authors: Yazıcıoğlu Nalan
Published: December 2023

The objective of this research was to examine the impact of fenugreek gum and eggplant peel extract on multiple characteristics of rice pudding, encompassing parameters such as total soluble solids content, pH, color, syneresis index, storage stability, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content, along with a sensory evaluation using a 5-point hedonic scale. Different concentrations of fenugreek gum (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%) and eggplant peel extract (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%) were prepared and incorporated into the rice pudding formulation at varying levels. Higher concentrations of fenugreek gum and eggplant peel extract in the pudding resulted in improved syneresis percentage (68.25±0.42%). This result shows reduced water release and improved storage stability. The addition of fenugreek gum also positively associated with increased storage stability, while eggplant peel extract had no significant effect. Furthermore, while the content of monomeric anthocyanins, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity in the rice pudding samples increased with higher concentrations of eggplant peel extract, consumer acceptance scores were reported to be very low.
Examination of the Relationships between Internal and External Egg Quality Traits: A Structural Equation Model
Authors: Abacı Samet Hasan , Tunç Taner , Önder Hasan , Erensoy Kadir , Sarıca Musa
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to determine the structural relationship between internal and external egg quality (IEEQ) traits. In this study, 114 eggs produced from 24 weeks-old laying hens reared at the Ondokuz Mayis University Research Farm were used. Egg weight (EW), egg width (EWi), egg length (EL) and shell weight (SW) measurements were examined as external quality traits. Also, albumen height (AH), albumen width (AW), yolk height (YH), yolk weight (YW) and yolk diameter (YD) parameters were used as internal quality traits. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used to determine the relationships between IEEQ traits. Data analysis was performed with the LISREL package. It has been determined that the variables that are important in determining the external egg quality are SW, EWi and EL. When the variables explaining the internal traits were examined, it was determined that the YW, YD, AW, AH and YH were significant. It was determined that the relationship between external egg quality and internal quality was 0.96 and external quality explained the internal quality by 91%. It has been determined that the SEM used in this study is sufficient to explain the relationship between internal and external quality.
Levantamento dos fatores de risco em mulheres indígenas para o câncer de colo do útero
Authors: Souza Silvane Henchen de , Santos Maria Leila Fabar dos , Quaresma Donária Garcia , Miranda Ana Paula Silva
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: Identificar os fatores de risco para o câncer do colo do útero (CCU), em mulheres indígenas. Métodos: A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir de uma revisão de literatura, cujas fontes foram: obras de referência e periódicos científicos. A localização dessas fontes se deu através das bases de dados eletrônicas Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Biblioteca Regional de Medicina (BIREME). Resultados: Os fatores de riscos que contribuem para a infecção do câncer do colo de útero em mulheres indígenas são: atividade sexual precoce, infecção pelo vírus do HPV, multiparidade, multiplicidade de parceiros sexuais. O acesso precário à educação, além das extensas regiões remotas onde estão localizados os povos indígenas, dificultam o acesso às ações na prevenção e controle do câncer do colo do útero nessa população. Considerações finais: É necessário se conhecer mais sobre as práticas tradicionais que tratam da saúde sexual e reprodutiva entre as indígenas, como o uso de ervas e regras sexuais, para contribuir na prevenção da CCU, sendo importante o diálogo entre os profissionais de saúde e as mulheres indígenas, a fim de facilitar a troca de saberes sobre cuidados com o corpo.
Hodgkin lymphoma and bone marrow tuberculosis: A coincidence
Authors: Cahyanur Rahmat , Chairani Siregar Nurjati , Stephanie Harahap Agnes , Kurnia Tandi Joshua , Vero Patricia Widya Clareta
Published: December 2023

Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of lymphoma that occurs due to mutations in B cells of the lymphatic system. Cases of lymphoma often have identical clinical manifestations with tuberculosis (TB), making the diagnosis difficult. Case of lymphoma coincidence with TB is rare, but can probably cause complexity in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. We report the case of a 20-year-old male patient who presented with symptoms of prolonged fever, enlarged lymph nodes, loss of weight, and weakness. The patient was treated with antituberculosis medication, but the symptoms did not improve. Several investigations were carried out on the patient. Lymph node biopsy showed scattered tumor cells consisting of mononuclear Hodgkin cells with several Reed–Sternberg cells. On the other hand, the bone marrow aspiration examination was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Reconsideration of confirmed diagnosis and repeated diagnostic process are required when there is a discrepancy in clinical features, radiological findings, or treatment responses.
Endonasal endoscopic surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas in adult patients. Our experience
Authors: Guk Mykola O. , Chukov Andriy A.
Published: December 2023

Objective: to estimate the results of surgical treatment of adult patients with craniopharyngiomas (CP), who underwent endoscopic endonasal surgical treatment.
Materials and methods. Treatment of 69 adult patients with CPs who underwent endonasal endoscopic surgery from 2014 to 2021 is described. Gender division: women 42% (60.9%), men 27 (39.1%). The minimum age of patients is 19 years (women 19, men 20), the maximum age is 73 years (women 73, men 66). The mean age of all patients in the group was 46.7±14.5 years, women 47.6±15.5 years, men 45.1±12.6 years. In 52 patients (75.4%) the surgical intervention was primary, and in 17 patients (24.6%) it was secondary. All patients were estimated for preoperative and postoperative endocrine and neuro-ophthalmological status in dynamics.
Results. No hemorrhagic or access-associated complications have been reported. Major complications: postoperative CSF leak - 9 patients (13%), meningitis - 10 patients (14.5%), 7 out of 8 patients with CSF leak had meningitis. 7 out of 10 patients with meningitis also had CSF leak. Other complications: acute tension pneumocephalus (2 cases, 2.9%), electrolyte disturbances (45 cases, 65.2%), severe diencephalic dysfunction (SDD) (4 cases, 5.8%). The postoperative mortality rate was 3 cases (4.35%), of which 1 due to meningitis (33.3% of all deaths), due to SDD 2 cases (66.6%). The dynamic changes of visual function were as follows: improvement in 36 patients (66.7% of all patients with preoperative visual impairment), no significant change in 7 patients (13%), deterioration in 10 patients (18.5%), 4 of which were transient. 40 patients had hypopituitarism prior to surgery, 10 of whom also had diabetes insipidus. A worsening of hypopituitarism was observed in 13 patients (32.5% of all patients with preoperative hypopituitarism) and an onset of hypopituitarism in 18 patients (26.1%). The onset of diabetes insipidus in the postoperative period occurred in 23 patients (33.3%), 7 of whom with regression.
Conclusions. Endonasal endoscopic approach is no longer an alternative for surgical treatment of certain forms of craniopharyngiomas, but it is a method of choice for most CP cases. The postoperative mortality is low. The quality of life of the operated patients is satisfactory due to a high percentage of improvement in visual function and preservation of endocrine function. The rates of CSF leak and purulent-septic complications correlate with the data of the world literature. Modern standards of treatment require the establishment of a multidisciplinary team of specialists in healthcare institutions to personalize the treatment process in patients with CPs.