bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma—A New Paradigm
Authors: Tandon Nidhi , Kumar Shaji K ,   Research Fellow,   Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, US
Published: November 2015

The past decade has seen many promising new therapies emerge for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), resulting in improved survival of patients. Despite these improvements, the disease eventually becomes refractory to the available options and patients die of progressive disease. Development of new therapies with new modes of action remains critical for the continued improvement in outcome, and given the success of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) in other cancers there has been considerable interest in development of this class of drugs for MM. Past attempts with MoAbs against interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeted antibodies have not realized the potential. More recently, development of MoAbs against SLAMF7 and cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) have demonstrated considerable activity in MM, the former in combination and the latter as a single agents. At present, it remains to be defined how MoAb therapy can be most effectively incorporated into the current therapeutic paradigms that will help to achieve longer disease control and significant survival gains in patients with MM, either as short-term induction therapy, frontline treatment in transplant ineligible patients, or long-term maintenance therapy post autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT)/induction cytotoxic therapy. Ongoing studies are examining the potential of several other targets on the plasma cell, using both naked antibodies as well as toxin conjugated MoAbs.
Rociletinib—An Investigational Therapy in Patients with Previously Treated EGFR Mutant-positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Scagliotti Giorgio , Novello Silvia ,   Professor and Chair of Medical Oncology,   Associate Professor of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
Published: November 2015

Treatment for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is being guided increasingly by driver mutations and, routinely, tumors from patients with adenocarcinoma are screened for mutations in the kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as well as for other genomic abnormalities (i.e. anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ALK] and ROS1 translocations). Effective, well-tolerated treatment options that specifically target theEGFRT790M mutation (the “gatekeeper” residue) in patients with NSCLC remains an unmet need. Rociletinib is an oral, irreversible, potent, covalent inhibitor of the activatingEGFRmutations (del19 and L858R) and the T790M resistance mutation; it also spares wild-type EGFR. TIGER-X is the first of the TIGER trial series, which is a clinical development program for rociletinib in patients with mutantEGFRNSCLC. This phase I–II study is evaluating rociletinib in patients who have progressed following their first and only EGFR-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy who have developed the T790M mutation and in later-line T790M positive patients who have progressed on their second or later TKI therapy or subsequent chemotherapy. In the ongoing TIGER-X study, rociletinib has shown encouraging activity in patients withEGFRmutant-positive NSCLC and is well tolerated. Future aims of the ongoing TIGER programme include to investigate rociletinib treatment in other lines of therapy, determine whether rociletinib treatment can lead to an improvement in overall survival (OS) and to explore the potential benefits of combining rociletinib with other anti-cancer agents such as anti-programmed cell death protein and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 monoclonal antibodies, mitogen-activated protein kinase enzyme inhibitors, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, and c-Met inhibitors. Other aims include evaluating the outcome of progression-free survival associated with rociletinib treatment and determining the efficacy of rociletinib in patients with T790M negative status.
Radium223—Where Does It Fit in the Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Treatment Landscape?
Authors: Dorff Tanya B ,   Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine, Department of Genitourinary Oncology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, US
Published: November 2015

Radium223 is approved for symptomatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with osseous involvement. Selecting patients and defining sequence strategies are challenging, with the limited available data, but there is a trend toward greater impact in higher volume disease. Combination and/or consolidation strategies for Radium223 will be of significant interest as data emerge from ongoing trials.
Making Sense of the Advances in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: El-Dika Imane , Abou-Alfa Ghassan K ,   American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon,   Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, US,   Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, US
Published: November 2015

Recent advances in the understanding and management of hepatocellular carcinoma are promising and may usher in a new era in cancer therapy. Here we discuss the latest improvement in hepatitis C antiviral therapy, loco-regional tumor control, c-met inhibitors, and immune therapy. Genetic testing in hepatocellular carcinoma could be a turning point in the treatment development of this fatal disease.
TONFONI, G. (2011). Didáctica del texto. Currículum de formación lingüística para profesores. Traducción de Regina Gutiérrez Pérez y Alessandro Baldi. Revisión y adaptación de Regina Gutiérrez Pérez. Granada: GEU Editorial, 158 pp. (Colección Educación). ISBN: 88-09-60635-3
Authors: Tonfoni Graziella
Published: November 2015

TONFONI, G. (2011) Didáctica del texto. Currículum de formacion lingüística para profesores. Traducción de Regina Gutiérrez Pérez y Alessandro Baldi. Revisión y adaptación de Regina Gutiérrez Pérez. Granada: GEU Editorial, 158 pp. (Colección Educación). ISBN: 88-09-60635-3
El uso del Quijote en el aula. Revisión histórica de ediciones escolares y paratextos didácticos
Authors: Martín Rogero Nieves
Published: November 2015

El análisis de los paratextos didácticos que acompañan las ediciones escolares del Quijote, aparecidas entre la celebración del tercer y el cuarto centenario de su publicación (1905-2005), permite esbozar unas consideraciones generales sobre la evolución de la concepción de los libros de lectura y la enseñanza de la lengua y la literatura en España. Si en un principio se resaltaban las enseñanzas morales en el clásico y sus posibilidades para una educación globalizadora, tal como correspondía a una pedagogía tradicionalista centrada en manuales de carácter enciclopédico, con el paso del tiempo su uso en la escuela tenderá a especializarse. A partir de los años 30 se generaliza una tendencia de explotación lingüística, con especial hincapié en los aspectos gramaticales, para ser abandonada en los 60 a favor de unas prácticas de lectura más comprensiva. En la siguiente década, aunque se siguen publicando adaptaciones escolares, empiezan a surgir antologías que respetan el texto original de Cervantes. El Quijote se aborda como tema de estudio dentro de la enseñanza de la literatura, y los planteamientos se hacen cada vez más creativos e interdisciplinares. En la actualidad la oferta editorial se ha incrementado y se encuentran orientaciones didácticas dirigidas a distintos niveles educativos.
Canon literario, educación y escritura femenina
Authors: Servén Díez Carmen
Published: November 2015

La escasa presencia de mujeres en el canon literario habitualmente manejado se deriva de determinadas condiciones socio-históricas. La enseñanza de la Historia de la Literatura no consiste en repetir y transmitir una construcción heredada, sino en ajustar un repertorio de autores para inducir en nuestros estudiantes la curiosidad lectora y proponerles distintas versiones del mundo y de lo humano. La especial posición de las mujeres escritoras en el pasado, su peculiar forma de intervención en el diálogo social y en el mundo artístico, forman parte de las experiencias creativas a lo largo de la historia y deben ser objeto de revisión en clase, si queremos lograr una educación plural y una visión cabal de los hechos literarios. Necesitamos materiales didácticos adecuados a esta nueva perspectiva.
“Leer y escribir” en la narrativa realista española
Authors: Ezpeleta Aguilar Fermín
Published: November 2015

La insistencia de los novelistas de la Restauración en “pedagogizar” sus creaciones posibilita que, entre líneas, puedan filtrar cuestiones de didáctica de la lengua en ámbitos escolares. Una de las marcas que singulariza al personaje literario “maestro de escuela” es precisamente la de su habla característica, aquejada de pedantería lingüística. Pero, fundamentalmente, los novelistas se hacen eco de la “querella de métodos” sobre enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura para constatar la preocupación de fondo por el problema del analfabetismo. De modo que la narrativa española de las últimas décadas del XIX y primeras del XX puede convertirse en fuente de investigación nada desdeñable sobre aquellas prácticas culturales básicas que atañen a la adquisición de la competencia lingüística.
La animación a la lectura como fórmula para captar lectores (¿Hace ruido? ¿se puede cambiar el diseño?)
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez Claudia
Published: November 2015

A la luz de la diversidad de prácticas de lectura del mundo de hoy se cuestiona la concepción y el quehacer de la animación de la lectura  y se proponen  algunas pautas para su diseño.  La lectura como placer, las construcciones sociales sobre ella y la homogeneización de los lectores son los referentes para plantearse por qué y para qué hay que formar lectores.
Comprensión inferencial de textos narrativos en primeros lectores: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Duque Aristizábal Claudia Patricia , Vera Márquez Ángela Victoria , Hernández Gutiérrez Angélica Patricia
Published: November 2015

En este artículo se presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre comprensión inferencial de textos narrativos en los primeros lectores. El interés por abordar la comprensión textual en esta población se debe a los hallazgos que se han encontrado sobre el papel decisivo que tiene para la relación que mantendrá el individuo con la lectura a lo largo de su vida, la forma en que realiza sus aproximaciones iniciales a la lectura, y el hecho de que -aunque elaborar inferencias es algo que los niños pueden hacer desde temprana edad- se podría potenciar si los adultos que interactúan con ellos les facilitan, por medio de diferentes estrategias, la co-construcción de la realidad, tratando de ver los mundos posibles que subyacen a lo manifiesto. Si se asume que para comprender un texto se necesita inferir y que este nivel de comprensión permitiría fomentar un pensamiento crítico y autónomo, es de interés para diversas disciplinas, incluyendo a la psicología, acercarse al conocimiento de los funcionamientos cognitivos de alta exigencia involucrados en la comprensión textual, ya que esto facilitará mejores formas de interacción entre los sujetos y su entorno. El abordaje a este tema se enmarca en una perspectiva psicológica cultural y cognitiva, dentro de un marco constructivista.
"Confabulando" valores: La cigarra y la hormiga
Authors: Marreiros-Monteiro Sofia , Balça Angela , Fraga-de-Azevedo Fernando
Published: November 2015

En una época en la que tanto se oye hablar de “crisis de valores”, “sociedad sin valores”, “inversión de valores”, sentimos la necesidad de percibir en qué medida el texto literario infantil, en general, y la fábula, en particular, asumen una función modelizadora del mundo, proporcionando una contribución válida, no solo para su descodificación, sino también para la formación de los individuos y para la transmisión del capital cultural de cada sociedad. Del amplio universo fabulístico centramos nuestra atención en la fábula La cigarra y la hormiga, dado que es uno de los textos que ilustra, en el imaginario popular, situaciones menos felices de la vida de los individuos, que presentan las consecuencias nefastas que acarrearía el hecho de que éstas no perpetúen las enseñanzas que vehicula.
Análisis contrastivo de las traducciones al español y catalán de The Giraffe and the Pelly and Me de Roald Dahl
Authors: Querol Julián Mercedes
Published: November 2015

En este estudio se hace una propuesta de análisis contrastivo de las traducciones en español y catalán de un libro infantil escrito originalmente en inglés. Desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar. Se consideran tanto las normas preliminares (aspectos externos al texto), como las operacionales (aspectos relacionados directamente con el texto). El análisis muestra como las desviaciones del original en muchos casos ayudan a construir la identidad de los personajes, la cual difiere en los tres libros; por tanto se prevee que la percepción de la historia por sus lectores también será diferente en las tres lenguas.
Influence of diprospan on the clinical course of erosive and ulcerative forms of oral lichen planus
Authors: Чуйкин С. , Chuykin S. , Акмалова Г. , Akmalovа G. , Чернышева Н. , Chernysheva N.
Published: November 2015

Lichen planus – a chronic inflammatory dermatosis with lesions of the skin, mucous membranes and skin appendages. Erosive and ulcerative form of oral lichen has a high risk of oncogenic transformation (from 1,1 to 7% of cases), is accompanied by significant morbidity and torpid course, polymorphism of clinical manifestations and low efficiency of treatment. The drug of choice for the treatment of lichen planus of the oral mucosa is diprospan - the strongest and safest corticosteroid, which achieves the effect of a small number of injections. The aim of study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using diprospana in patients with erosive and ulcerative form of the OLP. Efficiency of using of diprospana was studied in 15 patients OLP, which amounted to group 1: received intramuscular injection of 1 ml of diprospana once a month. 11 patients with erosive and ulcerative form make up the control group. The effectiveness of the therapy was evaluated in the dynamics of 7, 14, 21 th, days of treatment, as well as 1,5 and 2,5 months after treatment. The high efficiency of diprospana is fixed in complex therapy of erosive and ulcerative forms OLP, which was confirmed by positive clinical dynamics in all patients. On the 21-day treatment of erosive and ulcerative areas recovered in 13 patients, swelling, pain symptom was stopped completely in all patients of the main group, which was significantly greater than in the comparison group - in 3 patients. Two patients who has not recovered erosive and ulcerative areas completely was made second injection of diprospan after 1 month, after which came recovering of lesions.
Complex clinical and instrumental stomatological survey of musicians, playing copper wind instruments
Authors: Золотницкий И. , Zolotnitskiy I. , Лебеденко И. , Lebedenko I.
Published: November 2015

We carried out the complex clinical-instrumential survey of hard tooth tissues, dentures, tissues and organes of oral cavity of young and middle working aged patients-musicians, who play copper wind instruments. We estimated adaptational-compensational abilities of tissues and organes of oral cavity of young and middle working aged patients-musicians, who play copper wind instruments, according to blood filling of regional blood vessels and reaction of supporting apparatus of parodontium, speed of salivation before and after stimulation by playing on musical instrument. In the result of the survey of patients we formed hypothetical morpho-functional stomatological portrait (status) of musician, who play copper wind instruments.
Gospodarstwa domowe jako źródło finansowania nieruchomości w Polsce i w Wielkiej Brytanii w latach 2001–2013
Authors: Lechowicz Tomasz
Published: November 2015

Na gospodarstwach domowych odcisnęły swoje piętno problemy, które pojawiły się na rynkach finansowych i rynkach akcji. Konsekwencją kryzysu finansowego dla gospodarstw domowych były ograniczenia w udzielaniu kredytów przez banki oraz nagły wzrost cen nowych kredytów. Recesja, która powstała na rynkach akcji, zmniejszyła możliwości osiągnięcia dochodów inwestycyjnych. Szybkie załamanie rynku obligacji i akcji spowodowało ogromne straty dla osób inwestujących. Gospodarstwa domowe stanowią jedną z grup aktywnych inwestorów indywidualnych, ale z drugiej strony są uczestnikami funduszy inwestycyjnych. Oszczędności gospodarstw domowych były zdeponowane na giełdzie, więc w recesji straciły pieniądze – bezpośrednio lub za pośrednictwem funduszy inwestycyjnych.
Cover Crop Impact on Nitrogen Availability and Dry Bean in an Organic System
Authors: Hill Erin C. , Renner Karen A. , Sprague Christy L.
Published: November 2015

Cover crops could play an important role in increasing nutrient availability and crop yield in organic systems. This study had two main objectives, (i) compare the effects of medium red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), and oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cover crops on N availability and dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) growth and yield and (ii) compare the use of ion exchange resin and chlorophyll content monitoring with traditional soil KCl extractions for determining soil inorganic N availability. Red clover increased soil inorganic N up to 55 kg ha−1, resulting in delayed maturity and greater grain N in some site‐years; population and yield were not affected. Rye reduced soil inorganic N and caused early maturity of bean in some site‐years; at maximum dry biomass production (12.8 Mg ha−1) rye reduced dry bean yield. Oilseed radish occasionally increased inorganic N and bean populations; yield was not influenced. Cover crop and weed C/N ratios and C and N content were the most consistent factors influencing soil inorganic N. Soil inorganic N measurements from soil extractions and resin strips were positively correlated, however the use of resin strips may be constrained due to frequent cultivation in organic systems. Correlations were seldom observed among these two direct N measures and dry bean relative chlorophyll content. Overall, planting cover crops did not benefit dry bean yield, however producers may be able to manipulate soil inorganic N by focusing on cover crop quality, depending on their goals and species selection.
Soybean Yield and Nodulation Response to Crop History and Inoculation
Authors: Mason Stephen , Galusha Tomie , Kmail Zaher
Published: November 2015

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] inoculation was imposed on a long‐term continuous grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and soybean cropping systems study with and without manure application at Mead, NE. The objective was to determine the influence of 28‐yr history of continuous grain sorghum and soybean production, inoculation, and manure on soybean yield and nodulation. Average 2‐yr soybean grain yield was 0.5 Mg ha−1 greater on plots with continuous grain sorghum crop history rather than soybean history, even after this history was broken by 2‐yr crop rotation with grain sorghum in the 2 yr previous to the evaluation. Continuous production of soybean in the same field is undesirable, and besides short‐term loss of yield from lack of crop rotation, also leads to long‐term soybean yield reductions. Manure and inoculation application had no influence on soybean grain yield or number of nodules. Soybean in plots with 28‐yr previous grain sorghum crop history had equal number of nodules to those in plots with soybean crop history and/or Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculant. It is probable that this lack of response was due to B. japonicum movement among adjacent plots by wind erosion, water erosion, and/or soil transfer from contaminated tillage equipment used to till adjacent plots. Although the basis for long‐term soybean crop history on yield is unclear, continuous soybean production should be avoided to prevent soybean yield depression.
Validation of Chromosomal Locations of 90K Array Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in US Wheat
Authors: Liu Shuyu , Assanga Silvano Ocheya , Dhakal Smit , Gu Xiangkun , Tan Chor‐Tee , Yang Yan , Rudd Jackie , Hays Dirk , Ibrahim Amir , Xue Qingwu , Chao Shiaoman , Devkota Ravindra , Shachter Cody , Huggins Trevis , Mohammed Suheb , Fuentealba Maria Pilar
Published: November 2015

Mapping single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can help to develop high throughput molecular markers for important traits. The 90K Infinium iSelect SNP array was used to screen three recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from three crosses, CO 960293‐2/'TAM 111’ (CT), ‘TAM 112’/TAM 111 (TT), and ‘Halberd’/'Len’ (HL). The objective of this study was to compare and validate the chromosomal locations of mapped SNPs in wheat. A set of 152, 124, and 180 RILs were used in CT, TT, and HL. Among the 91,829 SNPs, 54,258 SNPs were called at least in one mapping population. A set of 5950, 4861, and 8376 SNPs were mapped onto chromosomes of CT, TT, and HL, respectively, with a total of 15,604 unique SNPs. Only 374 SNPs (2.4%) were commonly mapped across three populations, and 3025 SNPs (19.4%) were mapped across all combinations of two of the three populations. The number of uniquely mapped SNPs specific to each population was 3291 (21.1%) in CT, 2418 (15.5%) in TT, and 6224 (40.0%) in HL. With known chromosomal locations of the mapped 40K out of 90K array SNPs, linkage groups in all three mapping populations were assigned onto chromosomes. More than 76% of the mapped SNPs have consistent chromosomal locations with the previously mapped 40K SNPs. A set of 2190 (14.0%) unique newly mapped SNPs and 1316 (8.4%) SNPs mapped onto multiple chromosomes were presented. These chromosome maps are essential for the discoveries of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) of important traits in wheat.
Nitrogen Rate Required for Acceptable St. Augustinegrass and Associated Nitrate Leaching
Authors: Shaddox Travis W. , Bryan Unruh J. , Trenholm Laurie E. , McGroary Pauric , Cisar John L.
Published: November 2015

The recommended N rates for St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum [Walt.] Kuntze.) vary in Florida. This research, conducted in Fort Lauderdale, Citra, and Jay, FL, (2006–2008), aimed to determine the minimum N rate necessary for acceptable St. Augustinegrass and to determine the influence of N and irrigation rate on NO3–N leaching. Urea was applied in Fort Lauderdale, Citra, and Jay at 98, 196, 294, and 588; 49, 196, 343, and 490; and 49, 98, 196, and 294 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively, based on best management practices. Irrigation was 2.5 mm d–1 and 13.0 mm three times weekly in Fort Lauderdale; 13 mm twice weekly and 26 mm wk–1 in Citra and Jay. In Fort Lauderdale and Jay, lower than recommended N rates mostly produced acceptable turfgrass. Applications of 196 kg N ha−1 (Fort Lauderdale) and 98 kg N ha−1 (Jay) were the lowest rates producing acceptable turf. In Citra, 65% more N was required for acceptable turf than the recommended minimum . Leaching from all N rates was similar, except when N rates exceeded recommendations or when turfgrass exhibited herbicide stress. The high irrigation rate doubled NO3–N leaching compared to the low rate in Fort Lauderdale; irrigation frequency had no influence on leaching in Citra or Jay. The predicted minimum N rate for acceptable turf in Fort Lauderdale was <98 kg N ha−1 yr−1 (lower than in Citra; more than in Jay). In stressed turf, additional N conferred little benefit to quality and increased leaching.
Creaky Voice as a Stylistic Feature of Young American Female Speech: An Intraspeaker Variation Study of Scarlett Johansson
Authors: Shaw Francesca , Crocker Victoria
Published: November 2015

This study examines the stylistic use of ‘creaky voice’ in a single speaker: the American actress Scarlett Johansson. Recently, there has been a marked increase in both media and academic interest in creaky voice, with work by Yuasa (2010) and Wolk et al. (2011) confirming the prevalence of this feature among young American female speakers. Our study was directly motivated by the work of Barry Pennock-Speck (2005), who took a qualitative approach to analyzing the speech of three American actresses for stylistic modulation of their voice quality. The present study focuses on only one American actress (Johansson), who was chosen as she is an established, successful young American female (at time of research) and therefore was an appropriate subject to represent the social group we are discussing. Our materials included six of Johansson’s films that were developed whilst she was between the ages 18–24. This age range falls in line with previous work on creaky voice (Wolk et al. 2011) who defined their age bracket of study as 18–25 years old. We contrasted American and British character roles and noted the level of creak present through both quantitative and qualitative analysis of six films: three in which she played an American and three in which she took on an English (UK) accent. Acoustic data evaluation involved coding for creak on syllabic nuclei and carrying out a statistical analysis to determine significant influences on the pattern we observed. Our qualitative analysis covers the following variables: character traits and personality, time period in which the film is set, and the age of Johansson’s character. Results showed that there was significantly more creak in Johansson’s speech while she was performing in an American role, in line with the study previously conducted by Pennock-Speck. Our qualitative findings suggest that creak is modulated at an additional level, indexing seductiveness and intimacy with the interlocutor.
Some observations about solifluctional scars as recent phenomena on the lower altitudinal limit of the periglacial climazonal belt
Authors: Nesic Dragan , Belij Srdjan
Published: November 2015

This paper presents the morphological and genetical characteristics of small
forms of modern periglacial environment of the Balkan Peninsula mountains,
called solifluctional scars. Except several previous observations, these
forms have not been distinguished and considered as a type of a modern
periglacial relief so far. Solifluctional scars are small phenomena of the
horseshoe indentations in the pedological-vegetational base of the
decimetermeter dimensions. They are formed by cleavage of the base by the use
of a solifluctional sliding process with secondary processes of frost and
linear water denudation during their subsequent evolution. As such, they can
be seen as rudimentary phenomena of beginnings of linear flows of snowmelt,
as well as a small mud solifluctionaltorrential flows, but also in general,
as a segment of cryoplanation. These qualities classify them into a frame of
rudimentary phenomena at the lower limit of the periglacial climazonal belt
in the Balkan Peninsula mountains.
Speleogenesis of the Jankova pecina cave and karst in it's nearby vicinity
Authors: Djurovic Mirela , Djurovic Predrag
Published: November 2015

This paper provides the insight into morpho-hydrologic characteristics and
speleogenesis of the Jankova pecina cave and the evolution of karst in the
nearby vicinity. Phases in cave evolution, which represents the alternation
of accumulative and erosion processes, were analysed. Clogging of existed
conduits during the first accumulative phase leads to displacement of the
Janko's creek abyss and formation of another entrance along with new, deeper
storaged conduits. The strewed parts of the cave were exposed to partial
removal of sediments what resulted in exhumation of its oldest products. The
opening of the quite new entrance (vigled) during the opposite process and
phase of clogging the endure air circulation inside the cave has been
changed. As the consequence, the asymmetric forms of stalactites and
stalagmites formed. Study of the Jankova pecina cave represents a
contribution to better knowledge of accumulative processes as a significant
speleogenetic factor.
Upper airway assessment using four different maxillary expanders in cleft patients: A cone-beam computed tomography study
Authors: Mordente Carolina Morsani , Palomo Juan Martin , Horta Martinho Campolina Rebello , Souki Bernardo Quiroga , Oliveira Dauro Douglas , Andrade Ildeu
Published: November 2015

Objective: 

To evaluate the anterior and posterior maxillary width, the nasal passage volume, the oropharyngeal minimum axial area, and volume changes in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients treated with one of the following four expanders: Hyrax, Fan-Type, inverted mini-hyrax supported on the first permanent molars (iMini-M), or inverted mini-hyrax supported on the first premolars (iMini-B).

Materials and Methods: 

A total of 40 patients with transverse maxillary deficiency who were submitted for rapid maxillary expansion were divided in four groups according to type of expander used. Cone-beam computed tomography images were taken before and 3 months after expansion. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the differences among the groups, and paired t-tests were used to evaluate the changes in each group.

Results: 

All groups showed a significant increase in the anterior maxillary width, with no intergroup differences. The iMini-B was the only group that did not show a significant increase in the posterior maxillary width. The intergroup comparison demonstrated differences among all groups except between Hyrax and iMini-M, which showed the greatest posterior expansions. The intragroup analysis showed a significant increase in the nasal passage volume in hyrax and inverted mini-hyrax on the molar groups, but the intergroup comparison revealed a significant difference only between Fan-Type and inverted mini-hyrax on the molars. None of the expanders caused significant changes in the oropharyngeal measurements.

Conclusions: 

Only the Hyrax and inverted mini-hyrax on the molar expanders effectively increased the nasal passage volume, and none of the expanders evaluated in this study modified the oropharyngeal airway.
Biochemical Studies on Curing and Fermentation Processing Periods of Different Tobacco Plant (Nicotianatabacum L.) Cultivars
Authors: Szedljak I , Koehegyi KS , Kosary J
Published: November 2015

We studied the changes in the activity of the enzymes polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POX), the concentration of total soluble phenolic compounds and soluble protein content in different tobacco cultivars (Virginia and Burley) during curing. The curing procedure was a special combination of open-air-curing and fluecuring methods and a long fermentation period. In the curing period the changes in data suggested a combination of the biochemical processes and the direct effect of oxygen. A slight increase then a decrease in the concentrations of both total soluble phenolic compounds and the soluble protein content were detected. In this period we found no correlation between the concentration of total soluble phenolic compounds, the decreasing PPO and the increasing POX activity. In the fermentation period a deactivation of the enzymes (PPO and POX) and a decrease in the concentration of both total soluble phenolic compounds and soluble protein content were found, because the fermentation is not a biochemically-regulated process. Moreover, these results suggest that the end of curing period is the most favourable time for protein isolation from different tobacco cultivars.
Influence of Trap Position with respect to Height and Placement Surface on Capture of the Tobacco Moth, Ephestiaelutella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Pheromone Traps
Authors: Imai T , Kasaishi Y , Fukushima T
Published: November 2015

The efficacy of pheromone traps is affected by trap placement and pest biology, as well as by the trap and lure design. We evaluated the effect of trap height and placement in relation to surfaces on tobacco moth catches using release-capture experiments. Six traps were mounted vertically in a 9 × 15 × 4.2-5.8 m shed on a wall at heights of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 m. More catches were obtained near the ceiling and at 1 m above the floor in the dark. Catches at 1 m were negligible when light shone through the upper windows. In a 42.3 × 36.5 × 4 m tobacco warehouse, the respective efficacies of aerially suspended traps and surface-mounted traps were examined. The number of catches obtained using traps mounted on pillars was significantly higher than that obtained in traps suspended from poles. These results suggest practical considerations for monitoring in warehouses. We recommend eliminating any night lighting and placing traps on surfaces, such as walls and stored commodities, at higher positions that are within reach (1 m) to facilitate convenient inspection.
EDITORS’ NOTE
Authors: Heller WD , Scherer G
Published: November 2015

In this issue of Beiträge, we publish as a Commentary the oral presentation of Wolfram Röper entitled ‘Ten Years and More of ‘Biosciences’ in CORESTA - A Brief Historic Overview’, held at the CORESTA Meeting in Sapporo, Japan, September 23-27, 2012. We chose do so because this article deviates in its structure from a regular scientific publication in Beiträge. Nevertheless, we as Editors believe that this text is of interest to many scientists involved in tobacco research, in particular the younger colleagues, since, in our view, it impressively shows the increasing importance of the ‘biosciences’ for the development, evaluation and regulation of tobacco products. It is highly likely that the ‘biosciences’ will play an equal (or perhaps an even more important) role in the characterization of tobacco products in the future as did the physical and chemical sciences in the past.

We want to inform our readers that Professor John Gorrod has decided to step down as a member of the Advisory Board of Beiträge for reasons of age. Professor Gorrod, who is one of the best known nicotine researchers, was a member of the Advisory Board since September 2001. During that time, he had reviewed numerous manuscripts for Beiträge. We would like to thank Professor Gorrod for his valuable work for our Journal and wish him all the best for his well-earned retirement.
Formation of Dihydroxybenzenes in Cigarette Smoke. Part 2. Contribution from Quinic Acid and Myo-Inositol
Authors: Moldoveanu SC , Davis MF
Published: November 2015

Formation of dihydroxybenzenes in cigarette smoke is a subject of considerable interest because some dihydroxybenzenes are co-carcinogens, (e.g., catechol and certain alkylcatechols), and others such as hydroquinone can form metabolites that have toxic or carcinogenic properties. This present study describes the contribution of tobacco quinic acid (or (1S,3R,4S,5R)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid) and myo-inositol (or (1R,2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol) to the formation of dihydroxybenzenes in cigarette smoke. The study is a continuation of a previous one showing the contribution of chlorogenic acid and rutin as precursors for these compounds (6). The yields of dihydroxybenzenes formed by pyrolysis of quinic acid and myo-inositol are relatively high and both quinic acid and myo-inositol can be present in some tobacco types at levels as high as 1% by weight. The level of these compounds makes them potentially important contributors to the formation of dihydroxybenzenes in cigarette smoke. Similar to the previous study on other dihydroxybenzene precursors from tobacco, this present study was done in three parts: 1) pyrolytic evaluation of the amount of dihydroxybenzenes in smoke generated from isolated quinic acid and myoinositol; 2) analysis of smoke from cigarettes made from a variety of tobaccos (14 single grades) and two blended cigarettes, followed by correlations of dihydroxybenzene yields from these cigarettes with the level of quinic acid and myo-inositol in the tobaccos; 3) addition of quinic acid or myo-inositol to several tobaccos followed by the smoking of the spiked cigarettes and measurement of the dihydroxybenzenes yield increase. The study performed on a variety of single-grade tobacco cigarettes and for two blended-tobacco cigarettes (one being the 2R4F Kentucky reference) shows that the contribution of quinic acid and of inositol to the formation of catechol and hydroquinone in smoke depends on the blend, as previously shown for chlorogenic acid and rutin. The study results suggest that quinic acid and myo-inositol may be major contributors to the formation of dihydroxybenzenes in cigarette smoke. Although the calculations do not provide precise numbers for the contribution of quinic acid and inositol to the formation of dihydroxybenzenes, these results suggest that the contribution could be as high as 50 to 60% of the level of dihydroxybenzenes.
Assessment of Cigarette Smoking in Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Weitkunat R , Coggins CRE , Sponsiello-Wang Z , Kallischnigg G , Dempsey R
Published: November 2015

The assessment of cumulative exposure based on collecting information on the history of active cigarette smoking has been and is being undertaken in a variety of ways. While a very detailed assessment may be required for studies with a focus on particular aspects of smoking behavior and history, comparability of measurements and results across studies remains a primary concern. Addressing the problem of heterogeneity of exposure assessment across studies can be achieved by a core set of questions that cover the major dimensions of cigarette smoking, and yet comply with current criteria used for defining smoking history and status. In studies where no very high level of exposure assessment is required or where smoking is not the major subject of investigation, a practical standardized core set of questions appears to be of considerable value, in particularwith regard to making results more comparable across studies.
Comparison of Smoke Yield Data Collected from Different Laboratories
Authors: Teillet B , Cahours X , Verron T , Colard S , Purkis SW
Published: November 2015

In the context of increasing tobacco product regulations, more requirements are observed for the reporting of smoke constituent yield data and its variability e.g., US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The objective of this work was to evaluate the relevance of the short term standard deviation to describe the variability of measurements using the dataset of the CORESTA 2006 Joint Experiment which included a number of cigarette smoke constituents more recently identified by FDA for reporting. Their testing protocol required the analysis of Kentucky Reference cigarettes 2R4F and 1R5F performing five replicates run over consecutive days, repeated during three different time periods. This dataset provided access to different sources of smoke yield variability across measurements: short term and medium term within-laboratory variability and among-laboratory variability. For each reference cigarette, analysis of variance on one factor (laboratory) combined with the Newman-Keuls multiple range test was performed to compare data generated across laboratories. Results showed that the expression of yield variability as an individual standard deviation (describing repeatability) gives erroneous conclusions due to the major contribution of amonglaboratory variability not being taken into account. The different sources of variability can be taken into account in the comparison using the critical difference, as described in the ISO Standard 5725 part 6. This paper shows the importance of having i) the appropriate statistical methods to compare results from different laboratories in order to avoid erroneous conclusions, and ii) validated and standardized methods with known precision across laboratories. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the number of replicates had only a minor effect on product comparison on the basis of the critical difference as a function of repeatability and reproducibility of the methods.
Relationship Between Mainstream Cigarette Smoke “Tar” and Nicotine Yields
Authors: Morton MJ , Laffoon SW , Lipowicz PJ , Seeman JI
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between mainstream “tar” and nicotine yields and refine the commonly used linear model with a positive intercept to incorporate non-linearity and product-toproduct differences in filler nicotine content. “Tar” and nicotine yields are examined for a wide range of cigarettes (U.S. and international) using the Cambridge filter (CF), ISO, and the more intense MDPH, and HC smoking methods. Particularly at very low machine yields, a nonlinearity is observed that can be more accurately modeled by a power law relationship, and can be further improved by incorporating the concentration of nicotine in the cigarette filler into the equation. The resultant power law relationship is the better statistical fit to the available data, avoids the physical implausibility of positive nicotine yield at zero “tar” yield and lack of dependence on filler nicotine that are inherent in the simple linear model relating nicotine yield to “tar” yield alone, and explains the nonconstancy of the “tar”-to-nicotine ratio. The relationship between “tar” and nicotine can be affected by the use of very long or very short puff intervals, and, with the same tobacco blend and the same “tar” yield, longer cigarettes tend to have a slightly higher nicotine yield than shorter cigarettes.
Two-photon Absorption Engineering of 5-(Fluorenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline-based Ru(II) Complexes
Authors: Mongin Olivier , Four Mickael , Chevreux Sylviane , Blanchard-Desce Mireille , Lemercier Gilles
Published: November 2015

This study deals with the fine tuning of the photophysical characteristics, and especially two-photon absorption (2PA) properties, of several homo- and heteroleptic ruthenium(II) complexes involving 5-substituted-1,10-phenanthroline ligands. The 2PA spectra of the complexes were determined
in the 700–930 nm range by investigating their two-photon excited luminescence (2PEL). Structure – linear and nonlinear optical properties correlations are discussed, and potential applications (therapy and optical power limiting in the near infrared) can be anticipated.
Development of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Assessment of Selected Active Pharmaceuticals and Metabolites in Wastewaters of a Swiss University Hospital
Authors: Daouk Silwan , Fleury-Souverain Sandrine , Daali Youssef
Published: November 2015

A multi-residue analytical method was developed and validated for the quantification of 11 selected active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and 2 human metabolites in hospital effluents using solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry
(LC-MS/MS). Targeted analytes belong to different therapeutic classes: non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), analgesics, antibiotics and psychiatric drugs. Solid-phase extraction recoveries ranged between 21 and 101% for the selected API. Calibration curves were built with 6 standard
samples prepared in ultrapure water ranging from 0.05 to 10 ?g/L and showed regression coefficients above 0.994. The instrumental detection limits (IDL) varied between 0.05 and 5 ?g/L, and the method detection limits (MDL) between 0.1 and 100 ng/L. Precision of the method, evaluated
with spiked water samples at four different concentrations, varied between 84 and 117% for all compounds and an overall variability below 20%, with the exception of carbamazepine (71–123%). Except for two compounds, recoveries of spiked hospital wastewaters at four different concentrations
(0.1, 1, 10 and 100 ?g/L) varied between 44 and 133%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) between 0.6 and 28.5%. The evaluation of the matrix effects showed that diluted samples exhibit lower signal suppression. Analysis of effluent samples from a Swiss university hospital resulted in
a mean detection frequency of 92% for the selected compounds, with concentrations up to 1535 ?g/L for the analgesic paracetamol.
Registration of Sorghum Germplasm Tx3408 and Tx3409 with Tolerance to Sugarcane Aphid [Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner)]
Authors: Mbulwe Lloyd , Peterson Gary C. , Scott-Armstrong J. , Rooney William L.
Published: November 2015

The sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] germplasm lines Tx3408 (ATx3408, Reg. No. GP‐838, PI 675360; BTx3408, Reg. No. GP‐839, PI 675361) and Tx3409 (ATx3409, Reg. No. GP‐840, PI 675362; BTx3409, Reg. No. GP‐841, PI 675363) were developed and released from Texas A&M Agrilife Research in 2015 because they possess high levels of tolerance to the sugarcane aphid [Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)]. Both of these lines were developed from intentional crosses using the pedigree method of plant breeding. The breeding crosses for these lines were made in College Station, TX, with selection and advancement made in multiple locations across Texas. Screening for sugarcane aphid (SCA) resistance/tolerance was completed in field and greenhouse environments where SCA pressure varied among environments. All of these lines express consistently high levels of tolerance to sugarcane aphid infestation; they are not immune when SCA is present, but they do not accumulate high numbers of SCA and exhibit fewer phenotypic effects typically associated with SCA infestation. They provide the sorghum industry with sources of tolerance to the SCA in an elite and diverse genetic background.
Seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) among sedentary cattle in northern Plateau, Nigeria
Authors: Wungak Yiltawe Simwal , Olabisi Ishola Olayinka , Olugasa Babasola Oluseyi , Lazarus David Dazhia , Ularamu Hussaini Gulak
Published: November 2015

This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle and identifying the potential risk factors associated with the disease among sedentary cattle in northern part of Plateau state, Nigeria. Two hundred and seventy cattle aged from 6 months to ?3 years old were randomly selected and identified and whole blood collected from the jugular vein using plain evacuated tubes. Whole blood was processed and separated and sera were screened for foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3D non-structural proteins using blocking enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Overall, 55.9% (95%CI: 49.96-61.77) FMD seroprevalence was obtained from the study area. Seroprevalence was highest in Riyom (82.5%), followed by Barkin Ladi (66.2%), Jos South (55.5%) and Bassa (41.2%) (x2 = 17.21, P<0.05). Risk factors for age, management system and location were significant associated (P<0.05) with seroprevalence of FMD. However, there was no significant association with sex (P>0.05). The prevalence odd ratio of FMD was more in Riyom than in Jos South, Barkin Ladi and Bassa (P<0.05). Prevalence odd ratio of FMD was more in extensively managed system relative to intensively managed system, more in adult cattle aged >2 years old. This study has indicated that FMD is an important disease among sedentary cattle in Northern Plateau, however little is currently known about the economic impact of the disease on the local farmers and their livelihoods. As a control measure, efforts should be improved on animal movement during outbreaks while prophylactic control using vaccination should be considered as another option using vaccines containing virus representative of the region.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(2): 169-174