bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-species analysis of apical asparagine-rich protein of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi
Authors: Muh Fauzi , Ahmed Md Atique , Han Jin-Hee , Nyunt Myat Htut , Lee Seong-Kyun , Lau Yee Ling , Kaneko Osamu , Han Eun-Taek
Published: April 2018

The Plasmodium falciparum apical asparagine (Asn)-rich protein (AARP) is one of malarial proteins, and it has been studied as a candidate of malaria subunit vaccine. Basic characterization of PvAARP has been performed with a focus on its immunogenicity and localization. In this study, we further analyzed the immunogenicity of PvAARP, focusing on the longevity of the antibody response, cross-species immunity and invasion inhibitory activity by using the primate malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi. We found that vivax malaria patient sera retained anti-PvAARP antibodies for at least one year without re-infection. Recombinant PvAARP protein was strongly recognized by knowlesi malaria patients. Antibody raised against the P. vivax and P. knowlesi AARP N-termini reacted with the apical side of the P. knowlesi merozoites and inhibited erythrocyte invasion by P. knowlesi in a concentration-dependent manner, thereby suggesting a cross-species nature of anti-PvAARP antibody against PkAARP. These results can be explained by B cell epitopes predicted in conserved surface-exposed regions of the AARP N-terminus in both species. The long-lived anti-PvAARP antibody response, cross-reactivity, and invasion inhibitory activity of anti-PvAARP support a critical role of AARP during the erythrocyte invasion and suggest that PvAARP induces long-lived cross-species protective immunity against P. vivax and P. knowlesi.
Compromised functionality of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in multiple myeloma patients may limit their use in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Shinde Prajakta , Fernandes Sophia , Melinkeri Sameer , Kale Vaijayanti , Limaye Lalita
Published: April 2018

Dendritic cells (DCs) have the potential to elicit long-lasting anti-tumour immune responses. Most of the clinical trials of anti-cancer DC vaccines are based on monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs). However, their outcomes have shown limited promise especially in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Here, we investigated whether in vitro generated Mo-DCs from MM patients (MM-DCs) possess impaired functionality, thus contributing to the limited success of DC vaccines. We generated MM-DCs and compared them with DCs from healthy donors (HD-DCs). The yield of DCs in MM was 3.5 fold lower than in HD sets. However morphology, phenotype, antigen uptake and allo-T cell stimulation were comparable. Migration and secretion of IL12p70 and IFN-γ (in DC-T cell co-cultures) were significantly reduced in MM-DCs. Thus, MM-DCs were compromised in functionality. This impairment could be attributed to autocrine secretion of IL6 by MM-monocytes and activation of their P38 MAPK pathway. This indicates a need to look for alternative sources of DCs.
A clinically relevant and bias-controlled murine model to study acute traumatic coagulopathy
Authors: Gangloff C. , Grimault O. , Theron M. , Pichavant K. , Galinat H. , Mingant F. , Ozier Y.
Published: April 2018

Acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC) is an acute and endogenous mechanism triggered by the association of trauma and hemorrhage. Several animal models have been developed, but some major biases have not yet been identified. Our aim was to develop a robust and clinically relevant murine model to study this condition. Anesthetized adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into 4 groups: C, control; T, trauma; H, hemorrhage; TH, trauma and hemorrhage (n = 7 each). Trauma consisted of laparotomy associated with four-limb and splenic fractures. Clinical variables, ionograms, arterial and hemostasis blood tests were compared at 0 and 90 min. ATC and un-compensated shock were observed in group TH. In this group, the rise in prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin was 29 and 40%, respectively. Shock markers, compensation mechanisms and coagulation pathways were all consistent with human pathophysiology. The absence of confounding factors, such as trauma-related bleeding or dilution due to trans-capillary refill was verified. This ethic, cost effective and bias-controlled model reproduced the specific and endogenous mechanism of ATC and will allow to identify potential targets for therapeutics in case of trauma-related hemorrhage.
Caloric restriction increases lifespan but affects brain integrity in grey mouse lemur primates
Authors: Pifferi Fabien , Terrien Jérémy , Marchal Julia , Dal-Pan Alexandre , Djelti Fathia , Hardy Isabelle , Chahory Sabine , Cordonnier Nathalie , Desquilbet Loïc , Hurion Murielle , Zahariev Alexandre , Chery Isabelle , Zizzari Philippe , Perret Martine , Epelbaum Jacques , Blanc Stéphane , Picq Jean-Luc , Dhenain Marc , Aujard Fabienne
Published: April 2018

The health benefits of chronic caloric restriction resulting in lifespan extension are well established in many short-lived species, but the effects in humans and other primates remain controversial. Here we report the most advanced survival data and the associated follow-up to our knowledge of age-related alterations in a cohort of grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus, lemurid primate) exposed to a chronic moderate (30%) caloric restriction. Compared to control animals, caloric restriction extended lifespan by 50% (from 6.4 to 9.6 years, median survival), reduced aging-associated diseases and preserved loss of brain white matter in several brain regions. However, caloric restriction accelerated loss of grey matter throughout much of the cerebrum. Cognitive and behavioural performances were, however, not modulated by caloric restriction. Thus chronic moderate caloric restriction can extend lifespan and enhance health of a primate, but it affects brain grey matter integrity without affecting cognitive performances.
Triplicate parallel life cycle divergence despite gene flow in periodical cicadas
Authors: Fujisawa Tomochika , Koyama Takuya , Kakishima Satoshi , Cooley John R. , Simon Chris , Yoshimura Jin , Sota Teiji
Published: April 2018

Periodical cicadas comprise three species groups containing three pairs of 13- and 17-year life cycle species showing parallel divergence, along with a more anciently diverged 13-year species (Magicicda tredecim). The mechanism and genetic basis of this parallel divergence is unknown. Here we use orthologous transcriptome sequences to explore the demographic processes and genomic evolution associated with parallel life cycle divergence. The three 13- and 17-year species pairs have similar demographic histories, and the two life cycles diverged 200,000–100,000 years ago. Interestingly, these life cycle differences have been maintained despite substantial gene flow between 13- and 17-year species within species groups, which is possible during co-emergences. Sequence divergence between 13- and 17-year species in each species group (excluding M. tredecim) is minimal, and we find no shared divergent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or loci associated with all instances of life cycle divergence. The two life cycles may be controlled by highly limited genomic differences.
Adaptive aromaticity in S0 and T1 states of pentalene incorporating 16 valence electron osmium
Authors: Chen Dandan , Shen Ting , An Ke , Zhu Jun
Published: April 2018

Aromaticity is a fundamental chemical concept of ever-increasing diversity. According to Hückel’s and Baird’s rules, cyclic conjugated species with 4n+2 π-electrons are aromatic in the singlet electronic ground state (S0) and antiaromatic in the lowest triplet state (T1), and vice-versa. Thus, species with aromaticity in both states have not yet been reported. Here we carry out density functional theory calculations on recently synthesized organometallics, namely osmapentalyne and osmapentalenes, and demonstrate the first example (16-electron osmapentalene) of aromaticity in both S0 and T1 states, which we term adaptive aromaticity. Further electronic structure analysis reveals that the excitation pattern for the formation of the T1 state plays a crucial role in the achievement of adaptive aromaticity. Our findings highlight the role of a transition metal in unorthodox excitation behavior, and may aid the design of adaptive aromatics for photochemical and molecular magnetism applications.
Dissolution as a paradigm in regulating nanomaterials
Authors: Klaessig Frederick C.
Published: April 2018

Dissolution is a factor to consider when interpreting human health and ecotoxicological studies.
Colloidal Au–Cu alloy nanoparticles: synthesis, optical properties and applications
Authors: Thota Sravan , Wang Yongchen , Zhao Jing
Published: April 2018

This review discusses various synthetic methods of Au–Cu alloy nanoparticles and their plasmonic, catalytic and photothermal properties.
Correction: Spotting the differences in two-dimensional materials – the Raman scattering perspective
Authors: Zhang Shishu , Zhang Na , Zhao Yan , Cheng Ting , Li Xiaobo , Feng Rui , Xu Hua , Liu Zhirong , Zhang Jin , Tong Lianming
Published: April 2018

Correction for ‘Spotting the differences in two-dimensional materials – the Raman scattering perspective’ by Shishu Zhang et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00874k.
Mass transfer effects in CO2 reduction on Cu nanowire electrocatalysts
Authors: Raciti David , Mao Mark , Park Jun Ha , Wang Chao
Published: April 2018

Mass transfer effects play an important role in CO2 electroreduction, giving rise to diffusion-limited activity and selectivity on Cu nanowire electrocatalysts.
Spectroscopy, electrochemistry and antiproliferative properties of Au(iii), Pt(ii) and Cu(ii) complexes bearing modified 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine ligands
Authors: Maroń Anna , Czerwińska Katarzyna , Machura Barbara , Raposo Luis , Roma-Rodrigues Catarina , Fernandes Alexandra R. , Małecki Jan G. , Szlapa-Kula Agata , Kula Slawomir , Krompiec Stanisław
Published: April 2018

Impact of the metal centre and the substituent incorporated into a terpy framework.
A luminescent benzothiadiazole-bridging bis(salicylaldiminato)zinc(ii) complex with mechanochromic and organogelation properties
Authors: Song Xiaoxian , Yu Hanbo , Yan Xianju , Zhang Yuewei , Miao Yang , Ye Kaiqi , Wang Yue
Published: April 2018

Herein, a new bis(salicylaldiminato)Zn(ii) Schiff base complex, BTZn, derived from benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-5,6-diamine was designed and synthesized.
Highly efficient BiVO4 single-crystal photocatalyst with selective Ag2O-Ag modification: orientation transport, rapid interfacial transfer and catalytic reaction
Authors: Wang Xuefei , Liao Dan , Yu Huogen , Yu Jiaguo
Published: April 2018

Highly efficient Ag2O-Ag/BiVO4 single-crystal photocatalyst: (1) orientation transport, (2) rapid interfacial transfer and (3) catalytic reaction.
Neutral, closed-shell nickel bis(2-alkylthio-thiazole-4,5-dithiolate) complexes as single component molecular conductors
Authors: Hachem Hadi , Xu Zijun , Bellec Nathalie , Jeannin Olivier , Auban-Senzier Pascale , Guizouarn Thierry , Fourmigué Marc , Lorcy Dominique
Published: April 2018

Despite their closed-shell character, neutral bis(thiazole-4,5-dithiolate) nickel dithiolene complexes [Ni(RS-tzdt)2]0 (R = Me, Et) behave as single component conductors.
Combined experimental and theoretical studies on selective sensing of zinc and pyrophosphate ions by rational design of compartmental chemosensor probe: Dual sensing behaviour via secondary recognition approach and cell imaging studies
Authors: Mawai Kiran , Nathani Sandip , Roy Partha , Singh U. P. , Ghosh Kaushik
Published: April 2018

A compartmental chemosensor probe HL was designed and synthesized for dual sensing of zinc ions and PPi via secondary recognition approach.
None of us is the same as all of us: resolving the heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles using single-vesicle, nanoscale characterization with resonance enhanced atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR)
Authors: Kim Sally Yunsun , Khanal Dipesh , Tharkar Priyanka , Kalionis Bill , Chrzanowski Wojciech
Published: April 2018

An innovative high-resolution nano-bio-spectroscopy approach to identify nanoscale differences in the structural composition of individual stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles.
Revealing the principal attributes of protein adsorption on block copolymer surfaces with direct experimental evidence at the single protein level
Authors: Xie Tian , Chattoraj Joyjit , Mulcahey Patrick J. , Kelleher Noah P. , Del Gado Emanuela , Hahm Jong-in
Published: April 2018

An elucidation of the principal pathways and attributes of competitive protein adsorption onto block copolymer surfaces is presented.
Synthesis of single crystalline two-dimensional transition-metal phosphides via a salt-templating method
Authors: Li Tianqi , Jin Hongrun , Liang Zhun , Huang Liang , Lu Yucheng , Yu Huimin , Hu Zhimi , Wu Jiabin , Xia Bao Yu , Feng Guang , Zhou Jun
Published: April 2018

Various single crystalline nonlayered structure two-dimensional transition metal phosphides were synthesized by a salt-templating method.
Formal synthesis of cis-solamin: acid-catalyzed one-step construction of 2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Ota Koichiro , Yamashita Tomoko , Kohno Sumika , Miura Atsuko , Kamaike Kazuo , Miyaoka Hiroaki
Published: April 2018

A concise and stereoselective synthesis of a 2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran was developed and applied to the formal synthesis of cis-solamin.
Hybrid MnO2@NiCo2O4 nanosheets for high performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Zhao Depeng , Wu Xiang , Guo Chuanfei
Published: April 2018

In this work, hybrid MnO2@NiCo2O4 nanosheets grown on Ni foam have been synthesized through a facile hydrothermal approach. The MnO2@NiCo2O4 electrode delivers a high specific capacitance of 3086 mF cm−2 at a current density of 2 mA cm−2.
Tetrathienylethene based red aggregation-enhanced emission probes: super red-shifted mechanochromic behavior and highly photostable cell membrane imaging
Authors: Liu Jun-Jie , Yang Juliang , Wang Jin-Liang , Chang Zheng-Feng , Li Bo , Song Wen-Ting , Zhao Zujin , Lou Xiaoding , Dai Jun , Xia Fan
Published: April 2018

A series of branched π-conjugated small molecular red aggregation-enhanced emission probes have been synthesized for mechanochromic applications and cell imaging.
Reversible dispersion and release of carbon nanotubes via cooperative clamping interactions with hydrogen-bonded nanorings
Authors: Chamorro Raquel , de Juan-Fernández Leire , Nieto-Ortega Belén , Mayoral Maria J. , Casado Santiago , Ruiz-González Luisa , Pérez Emilio M. , González-Rodríguez David
Published: April 2018

We describe the reversible dispersion of SWCNTs through cooperative encapsulation within H-bonded dinucleoside macrocycles.
Split‐winding transformer design using new hybrid optimisation algorithm based on PSO and I‐BB‐BC
Authors: Azizian Davood , Gharehpetian Gevork B
Published: April 2018

Split‐winding transformer design is a time‐consuming and complicated procedure. Considering the number of windings and their geometries, the design parameters of the split‐winding transformer cannot easily be determined to reach an acceptable and low‐cost scheme. Their manufacturing and operational costs are very higher than the usual two‐winding transformers and they may be subjected to multidimensional restrictions. The split‐winding transformer design needs to select around 20 parameters to achieve different goals such as windings leakage inductances, four windings temperature rises, no‐load and load losses, transformer dimensions, windings coordination. A new hybrid algorithm based on particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and an improved big bang‐big crunch (I‐BB‐BC) algorithm (named PSO‐IBB), is introduced for optimisation (optimal design) of split‐winding transformer. Using this novel algorithm, the optimal designs are extracted and compared to the results obtained by PSO and I‐BB‐BC algorithms. By analysing the divergence of the extracted results, it is seen that the proposed hybrid PSO‐IBB optimisation algorithm has good performance and it can reach the global optima very fast.
Controllable synthesis of cuprite (Cu2 O) microcrystals and their shape‐dependent photocatalytic performances
Authors: Liu Peili , Zhang Xu , Yao Li , Han Chengliang
Published: April 2018

Microcrystals of cuprite (Cu2 O) samples exhibiting octahedral and spherical morphologies were synthesised via a facile chemical method and were then characterised by X‐ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that the potassium sodium tartrate (KNaC4H4O6 ·4H2 O, PST) and gelatin addition had a prominent effect on the morphologies. The possible formation mechanism of Cu2 O microcrystals was discussed based on the effects of PST and gelatin. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activities of the prepared Cu2 O microcrystals were investigated by UV–vis spectrophotometry, demonstrating that their behavior was influenced by the different morphologies, and the Cu2 O microspheres possessed the highest activity.
Structure of X-ray emitting jets close to the launching site: from embedded to disk-bearing sources
Authors: Ustamujic S. , Orlando S. , Bonito R. , Miceli M. , Gómez de Castro A. I.
Published: April 2018

Context. Several observations of stellar jets show evidence of X-ray emitting shocks close to the launching site. In some cases, including young stellar objects (YSOs) at different stages of evolution, the shocked features appear to be stationary. We study two cases, both located in the Taurus star-forming region. HH 154, the jet originating from the embedded binary Class 0/I protostar IRS 5, and the jet associated with DG Tau, a more evolved Class II disk-bearing source or classical T Tauri star (CTTS).

Aims. We investigate the effect of perturbations in X-ray emitting stationary shocks in stellar jets and the stability and detectability in X-rays of these shocks, and we explore the differences in jets from Class 0 to Class II sources.

Methods. We performed a set of 2.5D magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations that model supersonic jets ramming into a magnetized medium. The jet is formed of two components: a continuously driven component that forms a quasi-stationary shock at the base of the jet and a pulsed component consisting of blobs perturbing the shock. We explored different parameters for the two components. We studied two cases: HH 154, a light jet (less dense than the ambient medium), and a heavy jet (denser than the ambient medium) associated with DG Tau. We synthesized the count rate from the simulations and compared these data with available Chandra observations.

Results. Our model is able to reproduce the observed jet properties at different evolutionary phases (in particular, for HH 154 and DG Tau) and can explain the formation of X-ray emitting quasi-stationary shocks observed at the base of jets in a natural way. The jet is collimated by the magnetic field forming a quasi-stationary shock at the base which emits in X-rays even when perturbations formed by a train of blobs are present. We found similar collimation mechanisms dominating in both heavy and light jets.

Conclusions. We derived the physical parameters that can give rise to X-ray emission consistent with observations of HH 154 and DG Tau. We have also performed a wide exploration of the parameter space characterizing the model; this can be a useful tool to study and diagnose the physical properties of YSO jets over a broad range of physical conditions, from embedded to disk-bearing sources. We show that luminosity does not change significantly in variable jet models for the range of parameters explored. Finally, we provide an estimation of the maximum perturbations that can be present in HH 154 and DG Tau taking into account the available X-ray observations.
Einfühlen statt anleiten
Authors: Textor Reinhard
Published: April 2018

Echtes Zuhören, Verständnis und Spiegeln liefern die wichtigsten Instrumente der klientenzentrierten Gesprächspsychotherapie nach Carl Rogers. Die drei grundlegenden Behandlungsprinzipien sind Authentizität (Kongruenz), akzeptierende Grundhaltung und empathisches Verstehen. Durch Selbsterkenntnis lässt sich die unbewusste Spannung zwischen natürlichem Selbst und dem durch Anpassung entwickelten Selbstkonzept lösen.
Vorwärts zu unseren Wurzeln – Irisdiagnostik und Humoralmedizin
Authors: Garvelmann Friedemann
Published: April 2018

Die Irisdiagnostik eignet sich nicht als organotrope Diagnostik entsprechend der konventionellen Krankheitslehre. Sie entfaltet ihre diagnostische Aussagekraft nur, wenn man die Iriszeichen humoralmedizinisch interpretiert. Sie kann Auskunft über die konstitutionellen Aspekte geben und beim Erstellen eines individuellen Therapieplans hilfreich sein.
Duodenocolonic Fistula As A Rare Complication of Intestinal Burkitt Lymphoma in a Three-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Okuda Kenichi , Laass Martin , Schuchardt Katrin , Lange Björn , Knöfler Ralf , Fitze Guido , Woessmann Wilhelm , Suttorp Meinolf
Published: April 2018

Background Burkitt lymphoma (BL) in children often presents with abdominal localization. Intestinal perforations have been described mainly during treatment. We report on a three-year-old patient with abdominal BL who was diagnosed with a duodenocolonic fistula.

Case report A three-year-old boy presented with diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain, and a four-week history of loss of appetite and weight. Ultrasound and MRI detected a colonic tumor forming a duodenocolonic fistula which was verified by gastroduodenoscopy. A surgical biopsy revealed BL. The stage III BL with low LDH was treated with four courses of BFM-type short-pulse chemotherapy. After two courses of chemotherapy the patient developed a mechanic ileus. A segmental resection of a short segment of the colon at the right flexure carrying the residual tumor mass with cicatricial stenosis and fistula followed by colonic end to end anastomosis and covering of the fistula by omentum major were carried out without complication. 15 days after surgery, two additional courses of chemotherapy could be administrated and the boy is in ongoing remission and free of any symptoms with a follow-up interval of 18 months.

Conclusions Duodeonocolonic fistula at presentation in a child with abdominal BL is extremely rare. Delayed surgery after size of the tumor bulk has been reduced by chemotherapy might represent a risk adapted approach. However, due to limited experience with duodenocolonic fistulas even in larger pediatric lymphoma trials any decision has to be based on the problems to be faced in individual cases.
Skeletal Rearrangements as Strategies for the Total Syntheses of Indole Alkaloids
Authors: Zu Liansuo , Xie Xiaoni
Published: April 2018

In this account, we summarize our recent efforts in the total syntheses of several indole alkaloids, including minfiensine, calophyline A, deformylcorymine, strictamine, and goniomitine. Our central theme is to utilize skeletal rearrangements as key strategies for generating complex structures.

1 Introduction

2 The Development of an Aza-Pinacol Rearrangement

3 Applications of Aza-Pinacol Rearrangements in Total ­Syntheses

4 Strategy Extension: The Total Synthesis of Goniomitine

5 Conclusion
Iodine-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Quinoxalinones and Indoles: Synthesis of 3-(Indol-2-yl)quinoxalin-2-one under Mild and Ambient Conditions
Authors: Yotphan Sirilata , Noikham Medena , Kittikool Tanakorn
Published: April 2018

A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction of quinoxalinones and indoles has been developed. Without the requirement of peroxide and acid, this reaction utilizes a catalytic amount of molecular iodine to facilitate the C–C bond formation under ambient air. This simple and easy-to-handle protocol represents an interesting synthetic alternative with a good scope and functional group compatibility.
Risk Assessment and Management of Venous Thromboembolism in Women during Pregnancy and Puerperium (SAVE): An International, Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gris Jean-Christophe , Aoun Joseph , Rzaguliyeva Leyla , Begum Rowshan , Salah Hassan , Tugushi Tatia , Ghani-Chabouk Mohammed , Zibdeh Mazen , Jassar Waleed , Abboud Joe , Meziane Nadia , Ajayi Godwin-Olufemi , Hossain Nazli , Pyregov Alexey , Abduljabbar Hassan , Snyman Leon , Rachdi Radhouane , Tahlak Muna-Abdulrazzaq , Najmutdinova Dilbar ,   the SAVE Study Group
Published: April 2018

The clinical burden of obstetric venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk is inadequately established. This study assessed the prevalence and management of VTE risk during pregnancy and postpartum outside the Western world. This international, noninterventional study enrolled adult women with objectively confirmed pregnancy attending prenatal care/obstetric centers across 18 countries in Africa, Eurasia, Middle-East, and South Asia. Evaluations included proportions of at-risk women, prophylaxis as per international guidelines, prophylaxis type, factors determining prophylaxis, and physicians' awareness about VTE risk management guidelines and its impact on treatment decision. Data were analyzed globally and regionally. Physicians (N = 181) screened 4,978 women, and 4,010 were eligible. Of these, 51.4% were at risk (Eurasia, 90%; South Asia, 19.9%), mostly mild in intensity; >90% received prophylaxis as per the guidelines (except South Asia, 77%). Women in Eurasia and South Asia received both pharmacological and mechanical prophylaxes (>55%), while pharmacological prophylaxis (>50%) predominated in Africa and the Middle-East. Low-molecular-weight heparin was the pharmacological agent of choice. Prophylaxis decision was influenced by ethnicity, assisted reproductive techniques, caesarean section, and persistent moderate/high titer of anticardiolipin antibodies, though variable across regions. Prophylaxis decision in at-risk women was similar, irrespective of physicians' awareness of guidelines (except South Asia). A majority (>80%) of the physicians claimed to follow the guidelines. More than 50% of women during pregnancy and postpartum were at risk of VTE, and >90% received prophylaxis as per the guidelines. Physicians are generally aware of VTE risk and comply with guidelines while prescribing prophylaxis, although regional variations necessitate efforts to improve implementation of the guidelines.
Early P2Y12 Inhibitors Escalation in Primary PCI Patients: Insights from the RENOVAMI Registry
Authors: Bona Roberta , Meliga Emanuele , Capodanno Davide , Schaffer Alon , Bongo Angelo , Gaudio Giovanni , Guasti Luigina , Alexopoulos Dimitrios , Valgimigli Marco , Porto Italo , Lupi Alessandro
Published: April 2018

Background Early escalation from clopidogrel to new generation P2Y12 inhibitors is common practice in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Real-world data about this strategy, however, are limited.

Methods From 2012 to 2015, 1,057 consecutive STEMI patients treated with pPCI in an Italian hub-and-spoke network were prospectively included in an observational registry (RENOVAMI, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01760382). We compared the prevalence, predictive factors and in-hospital outcomes of patients escalated to a new generation P2Y12 inhibitor within the first 24 hours from pPCI with those continuing on admission antiplatelet therapy.

Results In the first 24 hours after pPCI, 165 patients (15.6%) were escalated from clopidogrel to a new generation P2Y12 inhibitor, while de-escalation to clopidogrel was occasional (19 patients, 1.8%) and switch between new generation P2Y12 inhibitors was rare (8 patients, 0.8%, all from ticagrelor to prasugrel). Drug eluting stent use (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55–3.08, p = 0.0002) and impaired renal function (adjusted OR, 0.19, 95% CI, 0.05–0.77, p = 0.02) were the only independent predictive factors for the decision to escalate. After adjustment for potential confounders, escalation did not predict in-hospital outcomes, whereas the overall use of new generation P2Y12 inhibitors was correlated with a better in-hospital survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.47, 95% CI, 0.25–0.91, p = 0.03). Moreover, escalation did not influence bleeding rates.

Conclusions In this prospective registry of STEMI patients treated with pPCI and contemporary antiplatelet therapy, early escalation to a new generation P2Y12 inhibitor appeared safe and did not significantly affect in-hospital bleeding rates.
Hautmanifestationen rheumatischer Erkrankungen
Authors: Herzer P.
Published: April 2018

Bei nahezu allen rheumatologischen Erkrankungen sind Hautmanifestationen möglich. Die Morphe der Hauterscheinungen ist in der Regel weit spezifischer als die mit der Erkrankung assoziierten rheumatologischen Symptome. Die Zusammenschau von Symptomen der Haut und der rheumatologischen Symptomatik ist oft der Schlüssel zur Diagnose entzündlicher Systemerkrankungen. Der Fokus dieser Arbeit ist die Sicht eines Rheumatologen auf die Haut vorwiegend unter dem Aspekt diagnostischer Leitsymptome bei rheumatologischen Erkrankungen.
Aktuelle Leitlinie zur Therapie der Uveitis bei juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis
Authors: Minden K. , Tappeiner C. , Lehmann H. , Heiligenhaus A. ,   Leitliniengruppe
Published: April 2018

Zielsetzung: Aktualisierung der bestehenden deutschsprachigen interdisziplinären Leitlinie zur Therapie der juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis (JIA)-assoziierten Uveitis aufgrund der aktuellen Literatur.

Material und Methoden: Die Leitliniengruppe bestand aus Delegierten der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft, der Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie, der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie, des Berufsverbandes der Augenärzte Deutschlands und Patientenvertretern. Die Methodik umfasste eine systematische Literaturrecherche, eine Graduierung von Evidenz und Empfehlungen, eine Konsensusfindung mittels nominalem Gruppenprozess und Delphirunden und eine externe Begutachtung.

Ergebnisse: Entsprechend dem individuellen Schweregrad der Uveitis kann eine qualitative hochwertige Versorgung der Patienten erzielt werden. Berücksichtigung finden Kortikosteroide, konventionell synthetische (cs) und biologische (b) disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), einschließlich TNF-α-Inhibitoren (z. B. Adalimumab, Golimumab, Infliximab), Tocilizumab, Abatacept und Rituximab.

Schlussfolgerungen: Mit der Leitlinie wird ein aktueller Therapiealgorithmus mit Darstellung als Flussdiagramm erarbeitet.
Reliability of Intraoperative Knee Range of Motion Measurements by Goniometer Compared with Robot-Assisted Arthroplasty
Authors: Kwon Hyuck , Yang Ick-Hwan , Lee Woo-Suk , Yu Alvin , Oh Sang , Park Kwan
Published: April 2018

Accurate measurement of knee range of motion (ROM) is critical to predict the outcomes of knee surgery and prognosis. We investigated the reliability of knee ROM measurements by goniometer compared with robotic system. Fifty-three patients with medial osteoarthritis who were planning to undergo unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) with robotic UKA were prospectively enrolled. During the operation, knee ROM measurement was performed in both flexion and extension before and after insertion of the implant using both a goniometer and robotic system. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of extension measured by the goniometer and robotic system showed good agreement; however, the ICC of flexion did not show good agreement. During passive flexion, the mean values measured before insertion of the implant were significantly lower by goniometer (134.6 ± 6.43) than by robot (145.4 ± 6.80; p = 0.017); likewise, the mean values after insertion of the implant were significantly lower by goniometer (138.6 ± 6.07) than by robotic system (147.0 ± 6.60; p = 0.045). A goniometer can underestimate knee ROM measurements compared with robotic system, especially in flexion. Orthopaedic surgeons should be cautious when measuring the flexion angle with a goniometer.
A Meta-Analysis Comparing Liposomal Bupivacaine and Traditional Periarticular Injection for Pain Control after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Sun Hao , Huang Zhiyu , Zhang Zhiqi , Liao Weiming
Published: April 2018

Liposomal bupivacaine is a novel method for pain control after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but recent studies showed no advantage for patients undergoing TKA compared with traditional periarticular injection (PAI). The purpose of this analysis was to compare the clinical outcomes between liposomal bupivacaine treatment and traditional PAI. We retrospectively reviewed data from 16 clinical trials in published databases from their inception to June 2017. The primary outcome was postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score and secondary outcomes included opiate usage, narcotic consumption, range of motion, and length of stay. Nine randomized controlled trials and seven nonrandomized controlled trials involving 924 liposomal bupivacaine cases and 1,293 traditional PAI cases were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. No differences were detected in most of the clinical outcomes, except for postoperative VAS within 12 hours and length of stay. This analysis showed that liposomal bupivacaine is not associated with significant improvement in postoperative pain control or other outcomes in TKA compared with PAI.
Where is the Target Point to Prevent Cortical Hinge Fracture in Medial Closing-Wedge Distal Femoral Varus Osteotomy?
Authors: Nha Kyung-Wook , Chang Yong , Shon Oog-Jin , Shim Bum-Jin , Lee Jong , Song Jun , Bae Ji-Hoon
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the location of the hinge affects the incidence of hinge fracture during medial closing-wedge distal femoral varus osteotomy (DFVO). Twenty knees from 10 fresh-frozen human cadavers (mean age, 75 ± 17 years) were used to perform uniplanar medial closing-wedge DFVO with a 7-mm wedge. Each specimen was randomly assigned to either group A (supracondylar hinge) or group B (lateral condylar hinge). The incidence of hinge fracture and stability was compared between both groups after uniplanar medial closing-wedge DFVO. In group A, 8 of 10 knees had a lateral cortex fracture during closure of the osteotomy gap, and all fractured knees were unstable. Two knees with an intact lateral cortical hinge showed stability under manual valgus and varus forces. After intentional breakage of the lateral cortical hinge, both knees were found to be unstable under the same force. In group B, 2 of 10 knees had a lateral cortex fracture, and 8 knees had no fractures. All specimens were found to be stable under manual valgus and varus forces. After intentional breakage of the lateral cortical hinge in group B, 2 knees were unstable, while 8 knees remained stable. This study showed a significantly higher incidence of lateral cortical hinge fracture and instability in group A than in group B during closure of the osteotomy gap.
Five-Strand Hamstring Autograft in Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Krishna Lingaraj , Tan Xin Yang , Thangaraja Acksen , Wong Francis
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to describe our surgical technique of using five-strand hamstring autograft with interference screw fixation in primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and to report the early postoperative outcomes of this technique. Patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction using five-strand hamstring autografts with interference screw fixation between December 2014 and June 2016 were included in this study. The five-strand configuration was used in these patients because the four-strand configuration produced a graft diameter of less than 8 mm. Subjective questionnaires, including the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the Lysholm Score, were administered preoperatively, as well as at 1- and 2-year follow-ups. Paired t-test was used to compare the pre- and postoperative outcome scores. The study group comprised 25 patients. There were no intraoperative complications. The mean follow-up period was 17.8 months (12–24). There were 19 males and 6 females. The median age was 24 years (16–41), and median body mass index was 23.9 (18.5–30.2). The median diameter of the five-strand graft was 9 mm (8–10 mm), with a mean of 9.06 ± 0.60 mm. This was associated with a median graft length of 90 mm (80–100 mm). The postoperative Lysholm, KOOS symptoms, KOOS Pain, KOOS daily function, KOOS sports function, KOOS quality of life, and Short Form-36 Physical Component Summary scores improved significantly compared with the preoperative scores. The use of the five-strand hamstring graft with interference screw fixation in primary ACL reconstruction is associated with significant improvements in patient-reported outcomes in the early postoperative period. The five-strand graft technique is a useful means of increasing graft diameter when faced with an undersized hamstring graft.
Moderne Verfahren für die Strahlentherapie von Hirntumoren und Tumoren der Schädelbasis
Authors: Diehl Christian , Combs Stephanie
Published: April 2018

Die moderne Radioonkologie verfügt über eine Reihe hochmoderner Techniken, sodass die Therapiekonzepte und Entscheidungen individualisiert vorgenommen werden. Moderne Techniken ermöglichen eine hohe lokale Dosisdeposition bei optimaler Schonung von gesundem Normalgewebe. Diese Entwicklungen haben die therapeutische Breite der Strahlentherapie entscheidend verbessert. Molekulare Eigenschaften von Tumoren bestimmen heute die Therapieentscheidung im interdisziplinären Kontext sowohl für primäre als auch für sekundäre Hirntumoren. Vor allem Patienten mit Tumoren an der Schädelbasis profitieren von einer hochpräzisen Strahlentherapie, hier kann die Bestrahlung oft auch als Alternative zu Resektion gesehen werden.
Spontaneous and Traumatic Splenic Rupture: Retrospective Clinical, B-Mode and CEUS Analysis in 62 Patients
Authors: Rosling M. , Trenker C. , Neesse A. , Görg C.
Published: April 2018

Introduction Both B-mode ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) are well established procedures when diagnosing traumatic splenic ruptures (TSR). To date, there are no data about CEUS patterns in spontaneous splenic ruptures (SSR). It remains unknown whether TSR and SSR differ with respect to clinical characteristics, B-mode and CEUS characteristics.

Patients and Methods Between 12/2003 and 2/2010, n=33 SSRs and n=29 TSRs were diagnosed in a tertiary referral center. All patients were examined with B-mode and CEUS, and clinical data and the outcome were retrospectively analyzed.

Results Patients with SSR were significantly older than patients with TSR (62 years vs. 44 years; p=0.01). The 4-week mortality was significantly higher in SSR than in TSR (36% vs. 0%; p=0.001). No differences between the grading of TSR and SSR could be shown in B-mode or in CEUS. Notably, CEUS was significantly superior to B-mode with respect to the grading of splenic ruptures (p=0.01). Therefore, therapeutic management was influenced by CEUS.

Conclusion There are differences between SSR and TSR, especially concerning clinical data (age, course of disease and mortality). Regarding the sonographic pattern, SSR and TSR show identical grading. When splenic rupture is suspected, CEUS should always be performed to identify patients at risk who require interventional procedures.
Effect of tacticity on the structure and glass transition temperature of polystyrene adsorbed onto solid surfaces
Authors: Negash Solomon , Tatek Yergou B. , Tsige Mesfin
Published: April 2018

We have carried out atomistic (all-atom) molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effect of tacticity on the structure and glass transition temperature (Tg) of polystyrene (PS) thin films adsorbed on two distinct types of solid substrates. The systems consist of thin films made of atactic, isotactic, and syndiotactic PS chains supported by graphite or hydroxylated α-quartz substrates, which are known to be atomically flat but chemically and structurally different. We have observed a marked dependence of the film structure on substrate type as well as on tacticity. For instance, rings’ orientation near substrate surfaces depends on substrate type for atactic PS and isotactic PS films, while no such dependence is observed for syndiotactic PS films whose interfacial structure seems to result from their propensity to adopt the trans conformation rather than their specific interaction with the substrates. Moreover, our results indicate that glass transition temperatures of substrate supported polystyrene films are higher compared to those of the corresponding free-standing films. More specifically, PS films on graphite exhibit larger Tg values than those on α-quartz, and we have noticed that syndiotactic PS has the largest Tg irrespective of the substrate type. Furthermore, the local Tg in the region of the film in contact with the substrates shows a strong tacticity and substrate dependence, whereas no dependencies were found for the local Tg in the middle of the film. Substrate-film interaction energy and chains’ dynamics near substrate-film interfaces were subsequently investigated in order to substantiate the obtained Tgs, and it was found that films with higher Tgs are strongly adsorbed on the substrates and/or exhibit smaller interfacial chains’ dynamics essentially due to steric hindrance.
Topological characterization versus synchronization for assessing (or not) dynamical equivalence
Authors: Letellier Christophe , Mangiarotti Sylvain , Sendiña-Nadal Irene , Rössler Otto E.
Published: April 2018

Model validation from experimental data is an important and not trivial topic which is too often reduced to a simple visual inspection of the state portrait spanned by the variables of the system. Synchronization was suggested as a possible technique for model validation. By means of a topological analysis, we revisited this concept with the help of an abstract chemical reaction system and data from two electrodissolution experiments conducted by Jack Hudson's group. The fact that it was possible to synchronize topologically different global models led us to conclude that synchronization is not a recommendable technique for model validation. A short historical preamble evokes Jack Hudson's early career in interaction with Otto E. Rössler.
Optically coupled methods for microwave impedance microscopy
Authors: Johnston Scott R. , Ma Eric Yue , Shen Zhi-Xun
Published: April 2018

Scanning Microwave Impedance Microscopy (MIM) measurement of photoconductivity with 50 nm resolution is demonstrated using a modulated optical source. The use of a modulated source allows for the measurement of photoconductivity in a single scan without a reference region on the sample, as well as removing most topographical artifacts and enhancing signal to noise as compared with unmodulated measurement. A broadband light source with a tunable monochrometer is then used to measure energy resolved photoconductivity with the same methodology. Finally, a pulsed optical source is used to measure local photo-carrier lifetimes via MIM, using the same 50 nm resolution tip.
Origin of dielectric relaxor behavior in PVDF-based copolymer and terpolymer films
Authors: Pramanick Abhijit , Osti Naresh C. , Jalarvo Niina , Misture Scott T. , Diallo Souleymane Omar , Mamontov Eugene , Luo Y. , Keum Jong-Kahk , Littrell Ken
Published: April 2018

Relaxor ferroelectrics exhibit frequency-dispersion of their dielectric permittivity peak as a function of temperature, the origin of which has been widely debated. Microscopic understanding of such behavior for polymeric ferroelectrics has presented new challenges since unlike traditional ceramic ferroelectrics, dielectric relaxation in polymers is a consequence of short-range molecular dynamics that are difficult to measure directly. Here, through careful analysis of atomic-level H-atom dynamics as determined by Quasi-elastic Neutron Scattering (QENS), we show that short-range molecular dynamics within crystalline domains cannot explain the macroscopic frequency-dispersion of dielectric properties observed in prototypical polyvinylidene-fluoride (PVDF)-based relaxor ferroelectrics. Instead, from multiscale quantitative microstructural characterization, a clear correlation between the amount of crystalline-amorphous interfaces and dielectric relaxation is observed, which indicates that such interfaces play a central role. These results provide critical insights into the role of atomic and microscopic structures towards relaxor behavior in ferroelectric polymers, which will be important for their future design.
Modulation improves photoconductivity measurements in microwave impedance microscopy
Authors: Michaud Sarah
Published: April 2018

Optically coupled methods for microwave impedance microscopy improve on unmodulated methods by measuring local photoconductivity at 50-nm resolution in a single scan and without electrical contacts.
Nested Hall thrusters are more than the sum of their parts
Authors: Wolverton Mark
Published: April 2018

Greater thrust density of nested Hall thrusters credited to synergistic effects of multichannel operation, explaining the additional boost beyond expectations from coaxial nesting of two outputs.
Stymied Solutions for the Pest: Farmers, Graziers, Rabbits and the Search for a Biological Agent, 1880–1908
Authors: Eather Warwick , Cottle Drew
Published: April 2018

During the late nineteenth century huge numbers of rabbits swept across south-east Australia causing widespread damage. Farming and grazing sheep and cattle became difficult on many properties, but the rabbit industry boomed. For farmers and graziers who tired of efforts to reduce rabbit numbers by shooting, trapping or poisoning, the solution seemed to lie in total extermination with a biological agent. In the late 1880s, the New South Wales (NSW) government took up their cause and offered a £25,000 prize for a biological remedy for the rabbit problem, but the prize was not awarded. Twenty years later farmers and graziers took matters into their own hands and hired the noted French scientist, Dr Jan Danysz, to provide a biological agent to exterminate the rabbits. Danysz's employment and experiments became a battle between sectional interests. Rural workers, who had begun harvesting rabbits, and rabbit industry investors opposed the Danysz virus for financial reasons, while farmers and graziers supported it because they wanted the rural landscape to support their traditional economic practices. While the NSW government supported landowners, other state governments and the federal government opposed the experiments.
The Use of Support Systems by Informal Caregivers: An Australian Experience
Authors: Vecchio Nerina
Published: April 2018

Based on data collected from the Australian Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers in 2003, this study investigated the factors that influenced the assistance received by primary caregivers of non-institutionalised individuals aged 15 years and over with either profound or severe disabilities. An understanding of caregivers and their use of support systems will assist policy-makers in implementing strategies that ensure the viability of the community care programs by meeting the demands within the health sector as demographics change over time. This study found that the majority of primary caregivers (61%) did not receive any main source of assistance. Results from the multinominal regression revealed that caregivers less likely to receive any main source of assistance included those who were spouses of recipients, younger in age, did not participate in the labour force and resided in remote regions of Australia. Individuals caring for older aged recipients or recipients that possessed a severe rather than profound disability were also less likely to receive any main source of assistance. Caregivers of recipients with either a physical or mental main disabling condition tended to seek informal and formal assistance, respectively. It is interesting to note that, after controlling for other variables, the gender of the caregiver did not impact on the type of assistance received.