bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of the genus Johnstonia Quatrefages, 1866 (Polychaeta, Maldanidae), with a description of a new species from Trinidad, West Indies
Authors: MACKIE ANDREW S. Y. , GOBIN JUDITH
Published: July 2005

In the interests of nomenclatural stability it is proposed that Johnstonia Quatrefages. 1866 (Polychaeta, Maldanidae) be conserved relative to its senior homonym Johnstonia Quatrefages, 1849 (Polychaeta, Nereidae) and its coexistent junior homonym Johnstonia Basir, 1956 (Nematoda, Thelastomatidae). Type material of all species previously assigned to Johnstonia Quatrefages, 1866 is re‐examined and a new species from Trinidad described. All three valid species (J. clymenoides Quatrefages, 1866; J. knysna Day. 1955; J. duplicata sp. n.) are described and figured in detail. An unnamed fourth species is known only from fragments collected off West Africa, and Johnstonia gracilis Kinberg, 1867 is newly synonymised with Euclymene oerstedii (Claparède. 1863).
Pseudoplacentela smirnovi gen. et sp. n. (Tunicata, Ascidiacea), with a discussion of its phylogenetic relationships
Authors: SANAMYAN KAREN
Published: July 2005

Pseudoplacentela smirnovi gen. et sp. n., a colonial ascidian from the Kuril Islands, is described and placed in the holozoidac. The related species Placentela crystallina Redikorzev also seems to belong to the Holozoidae rather than to the Polyclinidae.
The mouthless deep‐sea nematode Rhaptothyreus minor sp. n. (Rhaptothyreidae, mermithoid nematodes of uncertain systematic position)
Authors: RIEMANN FRANZ
Published: July 2005

A description of the second species of the enigmatic deep‐sea nematode genus Rhaptothyreus, and results of the re‐examination of type material of R. typicus Hope & Murphy, 1969 are presented. Rhaptothyreus minor sp. n. from the northeast Atlantic is characterized by the small body length (3.15 versus 6.99‐12.80 mm) and the presence of large turgescent cells filling the body cavity. Interstitial spaces between these cells contain masses of bacteria‐like structures.
Comparative morphology and phylogeny of the family Thompsoniidae (Cirripedia, Rhizocephala, Akentrogonida), with descriptions of three new genera and seven new species
Authors: HØEG JENS T. , LÜTZEN JØRGEN
Published: July 2005

Akentrogonid rhizocephalans morphologically resembling the genus Thompsonia are revised as a result of examination of new material. The species concerned are all obligatorily colonial and have ovoid or cylindrically shaped externae with a terminal stalk and a much reduced anatomy. A numerical cladistic analysis of all Rhizocephala Akentrogonida using the Hennig 86 program leads to a redefinition of the Thompsoniidae HOeg and Rybakov, 1992. Autapomorphies for the Thompsoniidae are primarily the morphology of the attachment to the host and the total absence of a mesentery. The cladistic analysis refutes that the Thompsoniidae should have a plesiomorphic morphology and branch off very low on the rhizocephalan phylogeny. The family now comprises four genera: Pottsia gen. n. (monotypic), Diplothylacus gen. n. with two species, Thompsonia Kossmann with five species. A revived and redefined Thylacoplethus Coutière includes eight species. The genera are distinguished by the location of the spermatogenic tissue, the site where the eggs are fertilized, the presence or absence of a mantle pore and the way it is formed, the number or absence of oviducts, and the number of cuticular annuli on the stalk. All 16 species, of which six are new to science, are described when necessary, and, if possible, illustrated. A phylogeny for the redefined family is proposed. Thylacoplethus is morphologically closest to the hypothetically ancestral thompsoniid and is likely paraphyletic. The new genus Polysaccus with two species, one of them new to science, and the monotypic genus Pirusaccus Lützen resemble thompsoniids in externa morphology and in being obligatorily colonial.
Notes on the genus Anoteropora (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida)
Authors: COOK PATRICIA L. , CHIMONIDES PANTELAKIS J.
Published: July 2005

Four species of the ascophoran 'sand‐fauna’bryozoan genus Anoteropora arc now known from the Indian Ocean, and include A. magnicapitata, A. latirostris, A. inarmatu and A. otophora sp. n. Colonies are lunulitiform and anchored by basal rhizoids. The characters and distribution of all species, including fossil specimens, are described. Those of some related genera, including the Recent, east Atlantic Ascosia, and the Tertiary, European Kionidella and Stenosipora, are briefly discussed. A key to the species of Anoteropora is given.
Matabelea fuhrmanni (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Paruterinidae): redescription, synonymy and systematic position
Authors: GEORGIEV BOYKO B. , BRAY RODNEY A. , GIBSON DAVID I.
Published: July 2005

Matabelea fuhrmanni (Southwell. 1925) comb. n. [syns Lateriporus fuhrmanni Southwell. 1925: Culcitella fuhrmanni (Southwell) Baer in Fuhrmann, 1932; Matabelea aetodex Mettrick. 1963. new synonym] is redescribed on the basis of the type‐specimens of L. fuhrmanni and M. aetodex plus additional specimens from African birds of prey. Matabelea Mettrick. 1963 is regarded as a monotypic genus of the family Paruterinidac and not of the family Dilepididae. where it was originally placed. The host range of M. fuhrmanni includes the African falconiform birds Cireaetus cinereus. Melierus metabates and Aquila rapax (Accipitridac) plus Falco biarmicus (Falconidae).
Five new didymozoid trematodes (Platyhelminthes, Digenea) from Australian platycephalid fishes
Authors: ANDERSON GLENN R. , CRIBB THOMAS H.
Published: July 2005

Five new didymozoid trematodes are described from two species of platycephalid fish collected in Moreton Bay. Australia. Indodidymozoon moretonensis sp. n. from the buccal cavity and branchial arches and 1. suttiei sp. n. from the flesh are described from Platycephalus fuscus. Indodidymozoon lesteri sp. n. from the belly skin. I. pearsoni sp. n. from the eye, and Helicodidymozoon tortor gen. n., sp. n. from the buccal cavity. branchial arches and operculum are described from Platycephalus endrachtensis. The taxonomic composition of the genus Didymozoon is discussed. Five species. D. branchiale. D. brevicolle, D. koti, D. musculi and D. Platycephali are moved to Indodidymozoon; the generic diagnosis of Indodidymozoon is revised. One species. D. spirale, and one species from Neometadidymozoon, N. helicis. are moved to the newly creeted Helicodidymozoon.Helicodidymozoon differs from Didymozoon, Indodidymozoon and metadidymozoon in the structure of the hindbody which is spirally twisted.
Sinohesione genitaliphora gen. et sp. n. (Polychaeta, Hesionidae), an interstitial annelid with unique dimorphous external genital organs
Authors: WESTHEIDE WILFRIED , PURSCHKE GÜNTER , MANGERICH WERNER
Published: July 2005

A new hesionid. Sinohesione genitaliphora gen. et sp. n., is described from intertidal sandy sediments of Hainan Island, China. It differs from hitherto known hesionids by the presence of external genital organs in both sexes. In the males there is one pair of sae‐like appendages, each bearing a tube‐shaped penis, on chaetiger 10. In the females the paired sae‐shaped organs are situated on chaetiger 12. Reconstructions of semi‐ and ultrathin sections show that a long, heavily coiled sperm duct opens at the tip of each penis. The duct opens with a ciliated funnel into a seminal vesicle in chaetiger 9. Prominent gland cells surround the sperm duct for the most part. The female genital organs each have two openings; one of which leads to a blind ending seminal receptacle. The other is the external pore of a ciliated oviduct that originates as an open funnel in the coelom of chaetiger 10. The functional and phylogenetic significance of these structures is discussed.
A new genus and species of Dorvilleidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Bermuda, with a phylogenetic analysis of Dorvilleidae, Iphitimidae and Dinophilidae
Authors: EIBYE‐JACOBSEN DANNY , KRISTENSEN REINHARDT MØBJERG
Published: July 2005

Neotenotrocha sterreri gen. et sp. n. is described from Bermuda. It is a gonochoristic. interstitial polychaete exhibiting sexual dimorphism. The maximum length of males is only 140 μm. while females may be up to 255 μm long. They are thus the smallest polychactes known to contain a mature ovary. The new species is referred to the polychaete family Dorvilleidae, primarily due to the presence of a etenognath jaw apparatus. In almost all external characters the new form is strongly reduced. lacking parapodia, setae, antennae, and palps, whereas larval characters such as trochae and a neurotroch are retained in adults. In the light of earlier literature on phylogeny within Dorvilleidae and the likelihood that Iphitimidae and Dinophilidae are closely affiliated with the latter family, the unique combination of characters in Neotenotrocha is of special interest. A phylogenetic analysis of all apparently valid genera in the three families leads to the hypothesis that Dinophilidae and Iphitimidae represent monophyletic and paraphyletic subgroups. respectively, within Dorvilleidae. Accordingly. the definition of Dorvilleidae is emended and a key to the genera provided. The species Ougia macilenta (Oug, 1978) is referred to Parougia Wolf. 1986 and the generic status of Meiodorvillea apalpata Jumars. 1974 and Protodorvillea gaspeensis Pettibone. 1961 is discussed. Some remarks on the applicability of concepts such as neoteny and progenesis in the characterisation of interstitial dorvilleids are included. On the basis of the cladogram mid these considerations. it is hypothesized that this group may have originated in the single evolutionary event.
New species of Metacyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopidae) from Brazil, with remarks on M. campestris
Authors: DA ROCHA CARLOS E. F.
Published: July 2005

Two new species of Meracyclops are described from semi‐terrestrial habitats in the Atlantic rain forest remnants along the coasts of the States of Sño Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Brazil. Metacyclops oraemaris sp. n., found in moist moss, resembles M. paludicola from which it differs in The structure of leg 5 and the caudal rami. Metacyclops hirsutus sp. n., a large species collected in leaf litter, is distinguished from its congeners also having a 12‐segmented antennule, by a combination of characters in the caudal rami, leg 4 and maxilliped. The latter species also possesses a peculiar arrangement of cuticle striae and hairs on pedigers 2‐5 und the genital double somite. The description of M. campestris Reid is emended. Differences in the armature of the antenna and maxilliped as well as in the arrangements and types of integumental pores of the urosome are pointed out as additional useful characters in the taxonomy of Metacyclops.
Cyclopina (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) from Brazilian sandy beaches
Authors: LOTUFO GUILHERME R.
Published: July 2005

Five new species of Cyclopina Claus are described and C. mediterranea Steuer is redescribed from Brazilian sandy beaches. Cyclopina curoli sp. n. can be very abundant in coarse sandy shows. It is related to C. laurentica Mocholls and C. crassisserosa Herbst with which it shares a similar structure of Leg 5 in the female. Cyclopina dorae sp. n. is most closely related to C. meditarranea Steuer. Cyclopina arenosa sp. n. and Cyclopina yutimaete sp. n. are reminiscent of C. pontica Monchenko, the only other species of Cyclopina that possess a 2‐segmented endopod in leg 1. Cyclopina caissara sp. n. is distinguished from all other congeneric species by having a very reduced inner spine in the leg 5 exopod of both male and female. This species shares with C. schneideri Scott and C. schneideri and C. brevifurca Sars the 12–segmented antennule. Taxonomical problems related to C. schneideri and C. brevifurea are discussed. Cyclopina mediterranea Steuer, 1940 is recorded for the first time from the American continent.
Ecdysial cleavage lines of acariform mites (Arachnida, Acari)
Authors: NORTON ROY A. , KETHLEY JOHN B.
Published: July 2005

Among mites the ancestral ecdysial cleavage line, or line of dehiscence (a), is inferred by outgroup comparison to be prodehiscent: U‐shaped, passing around the front of the mite just above the insertions of the appendages, such that the mite ecloses anteriorly. From preserved and living individuals and exuviae, we found prodehiscence (or its slight variations) to be widespread in Acariformes. It appears to be pervasive in endeostigmatic mites, eupodine Prostigmata, and basal taxa in the Oribatida (Enarthronota, Palaeosomata); it is dominant in cleutherengone Prostigmata and is present in at least one anystine family (Caeculidae).

Three general modes of dehiscence are considered to be derived within acariform mites. (1)Merodehiscenceis a transverse splitting of the dorsal cuticle at or near the juncture of proterosoma and hysterosoma; it evolved separately in thrcc groups of Prostigmata (Tetranychidae, an undefined subgroup within Cheylctidae, and active instars of Parasitengona) and in a genus of Astigmata (Histiogaster). (2)Trarnsdehiscenceis a transverse splitting of the dorsal hysterosomal cuticle anterior to the opisthosomal glands; it occurs in middle‐derivative oribatid mites (the paraphyletic Desmonomata), and new observations show it to be widespread in Astigmata, lending support to the hypothesis that the latter group evolved from within Desmonomata. (3)Circumdehiscenceis a circumferential splitting of the hysterosomal cuticle that may be incomplete anteriorly; it has long been known to characterize the monophyletic oribatid taxon Brachypylina, but it is convergent with a similar dehiscence in an unrelated family, Lohmanniidae. Transdehiscent and circumdehiscent mites eclose posteriorly.

Astigmata exhibit the greatest variety of modes of dehiscence, including the three derived modes and a probable reversal to prodehiscence in Algophagidae. Furthermore, heteromorphic deutonymphs (hypopi) may ecdyse differently from other immature instars of the same species.
The genera Cribrilina and Collarina (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the British Isles and North Sea Basin, Pliocene to present day
Authors: BISHOP JOHN D. D.
Published: July 2005

Seven species assigned to the genus Cribrilina are illustrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and redescribed. At the present day, three species occur in the area studied: C. punctata (Hassall), C. cryptooecium Norman and C. annulata (Fabricius). The presence of Collarina balzaci (Audouin), which has previously been confused with Cribrilina punctata, is also reported. The following species of Cribrilina are known as Pliocene and Pleistocene fossils: C. punctata, C. cryptooecium, C. watersi Andersson, C. puncturata (Wood) and C. mucronata Canu & Lecointre. In addition, C. annulata and C. spitsbergensis Norman have been reported as fossils, but these occurrences could not be confirmed here by the examination of actual material. Lectotypes are selected for C. spitsbergensis, C. watersi, C. puncturata and C. mucronata. Type material of the American fossil C. marylandica, which has been synonymised with C. punctata, is illustrated.
Spiders of the genera Pachygnatha, Dyschiriognatha and Glenognatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae), with a revision of the Afrotropical species*
Authors: BOSMANS ROBERT , BOSSELAERS JAN
Published: July 2005

Pachygnatha kiwuana Strand, P. leleupi Lawrence, P. longipes Simon. P. mucronata Tullgren, P. palmqvisti Tullgren, P. ruanda Strand and Dyschiriognatha argyrostilba (O.‐P. Cambridge, 1876) (junior synonym: D. atlantica Holm, 1969) are redescribed. Puchygnutha hexutrucheutu, P. zuppu, P. procincta, P. okuensis, P. utromurginata, P. jansseni, P., goedeli, P. opdmwrdiue and Glenognatha smilodon, all species collected during the Belgian Cameroon expeditions, arc described as new. A key for all Afrotropical species is presented.
The nemerteans (Nemertea) of Rottnest Island, Western Australia
Authors: SUNDBERG PER , GIBSON RAY
Published: July 2005

Seventeen species of marine nemerteans are reported from Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Eight new species and four new genera are described and illustrated; these are the heteronemerteans Kohnia rottnestensis gen. et sp. n., Lineus bioculatus sp. n., Lineus gilviceps sp. n., Micrura callima sp. n. and Uricholemma nigricans gen. et sp. n., and the monostiliferous hoplonemerteans Aenigmanemertes norenburgi gen. et spn. n., Crybelonemertes arenicolus gen. et sp. n. and Tetrastemma tristibruna sp. n. A key for the field identification of the nemerteans of Rottnest Island is provided.
Revision of the species group Napaeus variatus (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Buliminidae) from the Canary Islands, with description of five new species*
Authors: ALONSO MARIA R. , HENRÍQUEZ FÁTIMA , IBÁÑEZ MIGUEL
Published: July 2005

The Napaeus variatus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833) species group from the Canary Islands is reviewed from literature information, types, other museum specimens, and newly collected material. Anatomy data is newly provided for six species. Five new species are described: N. elegans and N. esbeltus from Tenerife, N. orientalis and N. beguirae from La Gomera, and N. exilis from Gran Canaria. Eight species lack a diverticulum and are referred to the subgenus Napaeus (Napaeus) Albers, 1850, whereas five species are provided with a diverticulum and arc referred to Napaeus (Napaeinus) Hesse, 1933. Four species cannot be assigned to a subgenus due to a lack of information. Keys of species from the different islands are provided.
Nine new species of Dichogaster (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) from Guadeloupe (French West Indies)
Authors: JAMES SAMUEL W.
Published: July 2005

Nine species belonging to two distinct groups within the genus Dichogaster Beddard, 1888 are described from material collected on the volcanic section of the island of Guadeloupe. The species Dichogaster arborea, D. caesitifusca, D. callaina, D. girija and D. basseterrensis all inhabit the leaf tanks of bromeliads and share the following anatomical characteristics: spermathecal pores on the trailing edges of segments, spermathecal axis differentiated into ampulla, internally fluted central chamber and duct, penial setae long and slender, testes and funnels free, prostomium undivided or divided by two grooves, simple single typhlosole and a pair of dorsal caeca on the mid‐intestine. Dichogaster athena also inhabits bromeliads, but lacks the above characteristics and male reproductive organs, and is more similar to the remaining species. The three remaining species, D. guadeloupensis, D. matoubensis and D. musciphila, with lateral typhlosoles, no intestinal caeca, simpler spermathecal structure, prostomiums divided by a single groove and short penial setae, all inhabit soils of montane forests. The division of Dichogaster based on muscularity of the proventriculus wall is shown to be unsupportable, since thickness of the wall is size‐related.
Anatomy and systematics of bathyphytophilid limpets (Mollusca, Archaeogastropoda) from the northeastern Pacific
Authors: HASZPRUNAR GERHARD , McLEAN JAMES H.
Published: July 2005

Bathyphytophilus diegensis sp.n. is described on basis of shell and radula characters. The radula of another species ofBathyphytophilusis illustrated, but the species is not described since the shell is unknown. Both species feed on detached blades of the surfgrassPhyllospadixcarried by turbidity currents into continental slope depths in the San Diego Trough. The anatomy ofB. diegensiswas investigated by means of semithin serial sectioning and graphic reconstruction. ‘The shell is limpet‐like; the protoconch resembles that of pseudococculinids and other lepetclloids. The radula is a distinctive, highly modified rhipidoglossate type with close similarities to the lepetellid radula. The anatomy falls well into the lepetelloid bauplan and is in general similar to that of Pseudococculinidae and Pyropcltidae. Apomorphic features are the presence of gill‐leaflets at both sides of the pallial roof (shared with certain pseudococculinids), the lack of jaws, and in particular many enigmatic pouches (bacterial chambers?) which open into the postcrior oesophagus. Autapomorphic characters of shell, radula and anatomy confirm the placement ofBathyphytophilus(withAenigmabonus) in a distinct family, Bathyphytophilidac Moskalev, 1978. As revealed by a cladistic study, the Bathyphytophilidae should be classified within the Lepetelloidea close to the Lepetellidae, Pyropeltidae, and Pseudococculinidae.
The preoral cavity of lower Hymenoptera (Insecta): comparative morphology and phylogenetic significance
Authors: VILHELMSEN LARS
Published: July 2005

The skeletal and muscular morphology of the preoral cavity, including the labrum, hypopharynx and labium, was examined in the imago in representatives of all the ‘symphytan’ families as well as the apocritan families Stephanidae, Megalyridae and Trigonalyidae.

Xyelidae have complex modifications for masticating pollen, remarkably similiar to those of primitive Lepidoptera. These modifications, collectively termed the triturating basket complex, include an asymmetrical distal epipharyngeal wall with a microtrichial brush and an enlarged infrabuccal pouch with heavy cuticular armature that interacts with the mandibles during feeding. There were striking structural differences between the two subfamilies of Xyelidae in the ligular region; the reduced glossa and clubshaped paraglossae of Macroxyelinae resembles those of primitive Lepidoptera, while the well developed, flattened glossa and paraglossae in Xyelidae are similiar to those of most other ‘Symphyta’.

A putative transformation series, leading from a relatively large labrum with unsclerotised distal epipharyngeal wall lying anterior to the mandibles, as seen in Xyelidae and enthredinoidea, to a small and heavily sclerotised labrum and distal epipharyngeal wall lying posterior to the mandibles, as seen in ‘Siricoidea’, Orussidae and the Apocrita, was revealed. These modifications may be adaptations to enable the adult of the families pupating in wood to emerge from the pupal chamber.

The Anaxyelidae, Orussidae and Apocrita have similiar configurations of the glossa and nsertions of the ventral premental adductors. This indicates a close affinity of the Anaxyelidae to Orussidae + Apocrita, a hypothesis that is in conflict with other character systems. The Orussidae and Stephanidae share a unique condition in the development of a pair of large apodemes attached to the labrum; this renders the groundplan state of the labrum in the Apocrita uncertain.

Twentyfive characters were defined in an attempt to eludicate the ‘Symphyta’–Apocrita transition. A numerical cladistic analysis of the characters was undertaken, resulting in 522 minimum length trees. The characters are also discussed with reference to a cladogram which resulted from an analysis of the characters derived from the present study and a survey of characters from literature.
A new species of Monoplacophora, redescription of the genera Veleropilina and Rokopella, and new information on three species of the class
Authors: WARÉN ANDERS , GOFAS SERGE
Published: July 2005

Vema levinae Warén, sp. n. is described from a submarine volcano off western Mexico. The type species of Rokopella and Veleropilina are redescribed, the usage of the names is discussed and Rokopella and Veleropilina are recognized as valid genera in Neopilinidae. Rokopella euglypta(Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897) is redescribed from shells and a single live specimen taken from seamounts south of the Azores, from a depth of 1200–1600 m. Tectura reticulata Seguenza, 1876 (Gastropoda, ‘Acmaeidae’, southern Italy, Upper Pliocene/Lower Pleistocene) is considered to have been based on the monoplacophoran species previously known as Neopilina zografi from the Mediterranean, and is classified in the genus Veleropilina. Veleropilina zografi (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896) is redescribed based on shells from several seamounts south of the Azores. It is considered distinct from Rokopella euglypta and classified in the genus Veleropilina. An undescribed species of Veleropilina from a seamount off southern Baja California is reported, figured and discussed but not formally described.
On American‘Micromerys’andMetagonia(Araneae, Pholcidae), with notes on natural history and genital mechanics
Authors: Huber Bernhard A.
Published: July 2005

Two American pholcids previously assigned toMicromerysBradley are redescribed and transferred toMefagonia: Me. conica(Simon, 1893) comb. n. (Venezuela), andMe. delicata(Cambridge, 1895) comb. n. (Central America). Two close relatives ofMe. delicafaare newly described:Me. uvitasp. n. andMe. falamancasp. n. (both from Costa Rica). The nameMe. turrialbaGertsch. 1986 is synonymized withMe. ricaGertsch, 1986 (Costa Rica) which is redescribed. Four additional representatives ofMetagoniaare described as new:Me. reventazonasp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama),Me. torosp. n. (Panama),Me. hitoysp. n. andMe. hondurasp. n. (Costa Rica).Leptopholcus dalei(Petrunkevitch, 1929) from Puerto Rico, which was originally described asMicromerys dalei.is redescribed and its closeness to ‘true’ Old WorldLepfopholcusis supported. Arguments are presented to justify the transfer of the American‘Micromerys’species toMetagonia.Notes on the natural history ofMe. ricaare presented, and a detailed account on copulation and genital mechanics is given as a basis for future comparison. © 1997 The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
Two new copepod genera (Poecilostomatoida) associated with the scleractinian coral Psammocora in New Caledonia
Authors: HUMES ARTHUR G.
Published: July 2005

The anchimolgid copepod Paraclamocus hiulcus gen. n., sp. n., associated with the coral Psammocora togianensis near Nouméa, New Caledonia, is remarkable for the form of its mandible, with the inner margin broadly and deeply incised. The rhynchomolgid copepod Numboa porosa gen. n., sp. n., associated with Psammocora contigua, has a much flattened, discoidal prosome with many small surficial pores and lacks leg 4 and the endopod of leg 3. More than 200 species of copepods are associated with New Caledonian invertebrates, 80 of them with Scleractinia.
Radiation of the genus Dysdera (Araneae, Haplogynae, Dysderidae) in the Canary Islands: The island of Gran Canaria
Authors: ARNEDO MIQUEL A. , RIBERA CARLES
Published: July 2005

This study continues studies on the taxonomy and distribution of Dysdera in the Canarian archipelago. Four new species are described: Dysdera andamanae sp. n., D. arabisenen sp. n., D. tibicena sp. n. and D. yguanirae sp. n. Four new synonymies are reported: D. bailadero Wunderlich, 1991 and D. pauciserae Wunderlich, 1991 =Dysdera iguanensis Wunderlich, 1987, D. tamadabaensis Wunderlich, 1991 =D. paucispinosa Wunderlich, 1991; D. sinuosa Wunderlich, 1994 =D. tilosensis Wunderlich, 1991. Six species are redescribed: D. bandamae Schmidt, 1973, D. iguanensis Wunderlich, 1987, D. insulana Simon, 1883, D. paucispinosa Wunderlich, 1991, D. tilosensis Wunderlich, 1991 and D. verneaui Simon, 1883; and neotypes are designated for D. insulana and D. verneaui. The presence of the following species in Gran Canaria is reported for the first time: D. iguanensis, formerly only collected on Tenerife, D. insulana, previously of doubtful location, and D. levipes, known from Tenenfe and La Gomera. Morphological affinities, ecology and distribution of the species are discussed.
The genus Perkinsiana (Polychaeta, Sabellidae) from Antarctica, with descriptions of the new species P. milae and P. borsibrunoi
Authors: GIANGRANDE ADRIANA , GAMBI MARIA CRISTINA
Published: July 2005

Perkinsiana antarctica (Kinberg, 1867) and P. littoralis (Hartman, 1967) are redescribed from holo‐ and topotypes. Two new species, P. milae and P. borsibrunoi, are described from the Ross Sea (Antarctica) and compared with other species of the genus. Records of P. antarctica are numerous, but re‐examination indicates that many of these represent misidentifications: the species may have a distribution limited to subantarctic areas.
Mind, memory and history: How classifications are shaped by and through time, and some consequences
Authors: STEVENS PETER F.
Published: July 2005

Understanding the history of systematics bears on contemporary issues such as the distinction between classifications and systems, the belief that ‘natural’ classifications reflect the progressive refinement of our ideas of relationships, and the dubious reputation acquired by systematics. Here I emphasize the extent to which ‘mind’ shapes classifications. I show that groups in biological classifications often have six or fewer members, in line with the number of things that humans can conveniently memorize together. Concerns about memorization are evident in the work of systematists like Tournefort, Linnaeus, and Antoine‐Laurent de Jussieu, and the whole hierarchy of George Bentham's and J. D. Hooker's great Genera plantarum is structured by such concerns. An analytical element in Jussieu's work was emphasized by Cuvier and others, and the hierarchy of their classifications reflects more directly aspects of nature as they understood it, although concerns about memorisation remain evident. Linking an understanding of what classifications can represent to the ideas the makers of classifications had about nature makes it clear that classifications are rarely rigid class hierarchies, but are often more like systems. Historically, the synthetic approach, discussed here, tends to lead to systems, the analytical approach, to ‘classifications’. We must remember that systematists’ work is evaluated by other scientists, and by society at large. The confusion evident in systematics simply confirmed the negative perceptions that many people in the nineteenth century had of naturalists, botanists and zoologists, perceptions that persist today. Zoologica Scripta itself, and the Journal of Natural History, which under this title is about the same age, reflect part of this history. I conclude by emphasizing (1) if systems or classifications in the nineteenth century reflect ‘nature’, it is a nature very different from that we understand today, and (2) the extent and the persistence of the opposition between the synthetic and anaytical approaches.
Sophisticated falsification and research cycles: Consequences for differential character weighting in phylogenetic systematics
Authors: KLUGE ARNOLD G.
Published: July 2005

Practicing phylogenetic systematics as a sophisticated falsification research program provides a basis for claiming increased knowledge of sister species relationships and synapomorphies as evidence for those cladistic propositions. Research in phylogenetic systematics is necessarily cyclic, and the place where the positive shift in understanding occurs is subsequent to discovering the most parsimonious cladogram(s). A priori differential character weighting is inconsistent with seeking the maximally corroborated cladogram (sensu Popper), because weighting adds to background knowledge, the evidence being then less improbable than it would be otherwise. Also, estimating weights from character state frequencies on a cladogram is inconsistent with the view that history is unique. Sophisticated falsification provides the place in the cycle of phylogenetic systematic research where weight of evidence can be evaluated and these inconsistencies do not apply. On balance, phylogenetic systematics appears to achieve greater coherence and generality as a result of focusing on the foundations for claiming increased knowledge and avoiding efforts to differentially weight characters.
Five new Liphistius species (Araneae, Mesothelae) from Thailand
Authors: SCHWENDINGER PETER J.
Published: July 2005

Five new Liphistius species are described: L. lahu from northern Thailand, L. isan from northeastern Thailand, L. sayam from central Thailand, L. phileion from southeastern Thailand and L. phuketensis from southern Thailand. Liphistius thaleban Schwendinger is recorded from a new locality in southern Thailand. Notes on natural history are given, zoogeography and relationships between the species examined are discussed and four superspecies are distinguished within the trung‐species group.
CylindrobullaandAscobullain the western Atlantic (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, Sacoglossa): Systematic review, description of a new species, and phylogenetic reanalysis
Authors: MIKKELSEN PAULA M.
Published: July 2005

Two often‐confused western Atlantic shelled opisthobranchs ‐Cylindrobulla beauiiP. Fischer, 1857, andAscobulla ulla(Marcus & Marcus, 1970) ‐ are redescribed and compared, via a full literature review, scanning electron microscopy of shells and radulae, and serial histological sectioning of soft anatomy. A third sympatric species, C.gigas, from Florida, the Caribbean and Bermuda, is described as new, and also provides the first larval development data for the genus. The overlapping classificatory histories of the generaCylindrobullaandAscobullaare summarized and discussed with reference to the Cephalaspidea, Sacoglossa (= Ascoglossa), Anaspidea, and Diaphanoidea. Two of the most‐recent studies (Jensen 1996u, Jensen 1996h; Mikkelsen 1996) have resulted in conflicting conclusions about the relationships and classification ofCylindrobulla.In the author's earlier phylogenetic analysis (Mikkelsen 1996),Cylindrobullaformed a monophyletic group with the shelled Sacoglossa with synapomorphies in digestive, reproductive, pallial, and nervous system characters. Jensen's two‐part study (Jensen 1996a, Jensen 1996b) resulted in removal ofCylindrobullato a new opisthobranch order, Cylindrobullacea. These two divergent cladistically produced classifications were tested by critically re‐evaluating Jensen's dataset, especially with regard toCylindrobulla, and re‐running the analysis. Thirteen of Jensen's 52 characters were recoded forCylindrobullaaccording to new morphological data and the new species described here. Other coding changes were required to update anatomical data for other taxa, add supplementary characters and taxa, more clearly define the outgroup, and to critically re‐evaluate the cladistic criteria behind several characters. The resultant reanalysis produced a shorter tree using fewer a priori assumptions, but nevertheless preserved the basic tree topology, including three monophyletic sacoglossan clades, presented by Jensen (19966).Cylindrobulla, however, rejoined the shelled sacoglossans (Oxynoacea), supported by two synapomorphies. This analysis therefore reconfirmedCylindrobulla's proper placement in the Sacoglossa, rather than in the traditional Cephalaspidea or segregated in its own monogeneric opisthobranch order. © 1998 The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
Phylogeny and classification of Hesionidae (Polychaeta)
Authors: PLEIJEL FREDRIK
Published: July 2005

Hesionid interrelationships are assessed in a parsimony analysis of 97 (86 informative) absent/present coded morphological characters of 37 terminal taxa within the group. Character information is based on examination of available types, newly collected topotypes and additional non‐types, with introduction of many not previously recorded characters. Polarity is assessed differently in two separate analyses, one by outgroup comparison with nereids and chrysopetalids, yielding two equally parsimonious trees, and one by observations from juvenile hesionids, yielding 10 equally parsimonious trees. The outgroup rooted trees are selected for a reclassification, and three main groups are recognised: Hesiolyrinae, new subfamily, Hesioninae Grube, 1850, and Ophiodrominae, new subfamily. Hesiolyrinae is monotypic for Hesiolyra, Hesioninae includes Hesionini Grube, 1850 and Psamathini, new tribe, and Ophiodrominae includes Gyptini and Ophiodromini, both new tribes. Sirsoe, new genus and member of Psamathini, is established for Orseis grasslei Blake, 1985 and the yet undescribed Sirsoe A. High degrees of homoplasy are demonstrated for a number of characters traditionally used in hesionid taxonomy, e.g., distribution of anterior, enlarged cirri, and first segment provided with neurochaetae and neuropodial lobes. Diagnoses and descriptions are provided for all supraspecific hesionid taxa and a checklist of hesionids is included. For improved precision in polychaete descriptions it is suggested that the term ‘tentacular cirri’ should be replaced by ‘anteriorly situated cirri’ with specified position and morphology. The following new generic synonyms are introduced: Lamproderma Grube, 1877, objective junior synonym of Leocrates Kinberg, 1866; Neopodarke Hartman, 1965 junior synonym of Nereimyra Blainville, 1828; Orseis Ehlers, 1864, junior synonym of Ophiodromus Sars, 1862; Paragyptis Pocklington, 1984 junior synonym of Gyptis Marion & Bobretzky in Marion, 1874; and Podarke Ehlers, 1864, objective junior synonym of Ophiodromus. Additionally a number of new species group synonyms and new combinations are proposed. Parallel to the Linnaean, type‐based definitions of taxon names, a hesionid classification is introduced with phylogenetic taxon name definitions.
New fan worm genera and species (Polychaeta, Sabellidae, Fabriciinae) from the western Pacific, and cladistic relationships among genera
Authors: FITZHUGH KIRK
Published: July 2005

Five new species are described from among the genera Fabriciola Friedrich, 1939 (one species from Okinawa), Novafabricia Fitzhugh, 1990 (two species from Australia and Papua New Guinea, respectively), and two new monotypic genera, Brifacia gen. n. (Australia), and Pseudoaugeneriella gen. n. (Okinawa). All species are known only from the intertidal. Fabriciola rubra sp. n. is a member of the species complex with red peristomial and pygidial eyes, inferior thoracic flagellate setae, and abdominal pin‐head setae. Novafabricia labrus sp. n., and N. exiguus sp. n., are distinguished from other species based on the distribution of inferior thoracic pseudospatulate setae. Brifacia metastellaris sp. n., resembles Fabricia stellaris (Müller, 1774) with regard to anterior peristomial ring collar construction and distribution of pseudospatulate setae, but differs in having abdominal uncini with relatively short manubria. Pseudoaugeneriella unirama sp. n., most closely resembles species of Augeneriella Banse, 1956 in general form, but has unbranched vascularized ventral filamentous appendages. Revised keys to fabriciin genera and selected species are provided. Cladistic relationships of these new genera and species to other Fabriciinae are examined and the status of some characters are reviewed. Whereas previous analyses have supported a monophyletic Augeneriella on the basis of branched, vascularized ventral filamentous appendages, present results show Augeneriella paraphyletic relative to Fabricia Blainville, 1828, Novafabricia, Fabricinuda Fitzhugh, 1990 Parafabricia Fitzhugh, 1992 and Brifacia. Similarly, some topologies show Novafabricia, which has only been defined by the presence of poorly developed dorsal lips, to be paraphyletic relative to Fabricia, Fabricinuda, Parafabricia, and Brifacia. The cladistic analyses do, however, support recognition of Brifacia and Pseudoaugeneriella. With the addition of Brifacia, the presence of unbranched, vascularized appendages is plesiomorphic for the Fabriciinae, which has not been previously hypothesized.
Anaspidacea, Bathynellacea (Crustacea, Syncarida), generalised tracks, and the biogeographical relationships of South America
Authors: LOPRETTO ESTELA C. , MORRONE JUAN J.
Published: July 2005

The spatial evolution of South American Syncarida (Anaspidacea and Bathynellacea) and related taxa is evaluated applying a panbiogeographic approach, where Ocean basins are used to identify major patterns of intercontinental distribution. The Pacific basin, corresponding to a southern temperate track, is identified as the major evolutionary centre for Stygocaris(Stygocarididae), Bathynella (Bathynellidae), Atopobathynellu, and Chilibathynella (Parabathynellidae), whereas distribution of Nannobathynella (Bathynellidae) and Cteniobathynella (Parabathynellidae) is centred on the Atlantic Ocean, belonging to a northern tropical track. It is concluded that the biotic origin of the South American Syncarida is complex, implying the existence of at least two ancestral biotas.
A systematic account of the Questidae (Annelida, Polychaeta), with description of new taxa
Authors: GIERE OLAV , ERSEUS CHRISTER
Published: July 2005

Questidae is a poorly known polychaete family with many unusual characters, particularly with regard to its reproductive organs. Its taxonomic position remains uncertain, which can be partly referred to the limited material described to date. New material, mostly from shallow sublittoral sediments, shows that questids have a circummundane distribution. Questa Hartman, 1966 is revised to include Novaquesta Hobson, 1970 as a junior synonym. Eight species of questids are assigned to Questa, four of them are new to science: Questa bicirrata sp. n., Q. paucibranchiata sp. n., Q. mediterranea sp. n., and Q. riseri sp. n. Character patterns of the questid polychaetes described so far are cladistically analysed. The limitation of informative characters causes ambiguity in the most parsimonious reconstruction of the phylogeny of the family, and therefore, the Questidae is proposed to be classified as comprising only one genus.
Bringing Policy Communities Back In: The Case of Fire Service Cover
Authors: Grant Wyn
Published: July 2005

It is argued that the concept of a policy community has an enduring value in the analysis of public policy, especially if an emphasis is placed on the way in which ideas are excluded from debates. Historical analysis based on the National Archives using a political science conceptual framework can offer fresh perspectives. The concept is developed through a specification of the conditions that encourage policy community formation and survival. Policy inertia led to a policy that produced a higher rate of deaths from fire in the UK than in other developed countries, especially among the socially excluded. The policy community concept can be of value in the policy analysis tool-kit, especially if policy frames that have become embedded to the exclusion of alternatives are identified.
Gendering Parliamentary Questions
Authors: Bird Karen
Published: July 2005

This article explores MPs' use of parliamentary questions to address gender-related concerns. The discussion is based upon a sample of oral and written questions asked during the 1997/1998 parliamentary session. All questions including the terms ‘women’, ‘men’ and/or ‘gender’ were selected. Using quantitative analysis, the first part of the article examines which MPs asked these questions. The second part uses qualitative approaches to explore the content of such oral parliamentary questions. The article finds that women MPs were more likely than their male colleagues to refer to ‘women’ and ‘gender’ in both written and oral questions. Male members were more inclined to refer to ‘men’ than their female colleagues. Whilst the questions address a wide range of concerns, MPs shared a common understanding of which issues should be linked to ‘women’. Representations of wo/manhood, however, upheld conservative gender roles and risked essentialising sexual categories. The discussion has relevance for questions of women's political representation that have become increasingly topical and significant since the increase of female MPs in 1997.
Modeling Color Properties of Tiled Displays
Authors: Majumder Aditi , Gopi M.
Published: July 2005

The concept of tiled displays can be successful only if such displays are made to look like a single display perceptually. The two issues that need to be solved to achieve this goal are geometric correction and color seamlessness of images spanning across tiles. Geometric correction algorithms borrow pin‐hole camera models to model projector display geometry. In this paper, we introduce an abstract modeling function that describes the color seen by a viewer when displayed by a display device.

Though this function can be used to model color displayed by any common display device, in this paper, we use it to model color in multiprojector display systems. We use the model to explain the reasons for different types of color variations in a multiprojector display, to compare different color correction algorithms, and to derive such algorithms directly from the model.
Dual Marching Cubes: Primal Contouring of Dual Grids
Authors: Schaefer Scott , Warren Joe
Published: July 2005

We present a method for contouring an implicit function using a grid topologically dual to structured grids such as octrees. By aligning the vertices of the dual grid with the features of the implicit function, we are able to reproduce thin features of the extracted surface without excessive subdivision required by methods such as Marching Cubes or Dual Contouring. Dual Marching Cubes produces a crack‐free, adaptive polygonalization of the surface that reproduces sharp features. Our approach maintains the advantage of using structured grids for operations such as CSG while being able to conform to the relevant features of the implicit function yielding much sparser polygonalizations than has been possible using structured grids.
Multilinear approximation on rectangles and the related moment problem
Authors: Klein Haneveld Willem K.
Published: July 2005

The Edmundson–Madansky (E–M) inequality provides an upper bound of the expectation of a convex function of a random vector, provided the components of the random vector are stochastically independent. Frauendorfer and Kall extended the E–M inequality to the dependent case. This paper provides the natural algebraic setting for this extension. It is shown that multilinear approximation is the basic idea. The results and the calculations are simplified considerably by the use of Kronecker products. Moreover, the class of all functions for which the general E–M bound holds is characterized completely. It includes many nonconvex functions, for instance the multi‐chord‐dominated functions, which include the multiconvex functions.
Generalized two‐sample U‐statistics for clustered data
Authors: Lee Mei‐Ling Ting , Dehling Herold G.
Published: July 2005

In this paper we investigate two‐sample U‐statistics in the case of clusters of repeated measurements observed on individuals from independent populations. The observations on the i‐th individual in the first population are denoted by , 1 ≤ i ≤ m, and those on the k‐th individual in the second population are denoted by , 1 ≤ k ≤ n. Given the kernel φ(x, y), we define the generalized two‐sample U‐statistic by
image

We derive the asymptotic distribution of Um,n for large sample sizes. As an application we study the generalized Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon rank sum test for clustered data.
Incentives, technology and the shift to year‐round dairying in late nineteenth‐century Denmark1
Authors: HENRIKSEN INGRID , O'ROURKE KEVIN H.
Published: July 2005

This article uses monthly trade data to document the decline in the seasonality in Danish butter exports that occurred from the 1880s onwards. This decline contrasted with steady or increasing seasonality elsewhere. Monthly butter prices in Britain, Denmark, and Ireland show that the incentives to shift into winter dairying were particularly high in the 1880s and 1890s; however, this cannot on its own explain the Danish shift, since our price data show that farmers elsewhere faced winter premia that were every bit as high as the Danish premia. The crucial factor in Denmark was the generation of empirical knowledge by the private and public sectors systematically analysing empirical evidence; the rapid diffusion of this knowledge in a highly educated society via lectures, exhibitions, written materials, and by institutions such as the new cooperative sector; and a willingness to absorb this knowledge by profit‐maximizing farmers.
Innovation in Urban Policy: Movement and Incorporation in City Administration and Community Development
Authors: Clavel Pierre , Deppe Maile
Published: July 2005

While much recent thinking about city administration suggests tinkering with attitudes of administrators, it will be useful to review how administrators and officials encounter deeper social forces: the continuing inequalities and separations of race and class. Cases of “progressive government” experience—in Chicago; Boston; Berkeley; Santa Monica; Burlington, Vermont; and elsewhere—and of community development institutions spread more broadly through US. cities, suggest the outlines of new challenges and response by urban administrators and politicians.