bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen zum Quellpotenzial von Bentoniten unter dem Einfluss von Biostimulation
Authors: Viefhaus Hanna , Schanz Tom
Published: June 2014

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Einfluss einer mikrobiologischen Anreicherung auf das Quellverhalten von Bentoniten. Die Anreicherung erfolgte organismenunspezifisch über die Zugabe einer Energie‐ und Kohlenstoffquelle (C6H12O6) zu Materialmischungen, bestehend aus 30 % Bentonit und 70 % natürlichem Schluff (Biostimulation). Es wurden zwei Bentonite untersucht, die sich hinsichtlich ihrer Zwischenschichtkationen unterscheiden: Calcigel mit hauptsächlich Ca++‐Kationen und MX 80 mit hauptsächlich Na+‐Kationen. Beide Bentonite weisen ein unterschiedliches Quellverhalten auf, welches beim Calcigel maßgeblich durch innerkristallines und beim MX 80 maßgeblich durch osmotisches Quellen bestimmt ist. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass eine stoffwechselbedingte Gasbildung die Volumenänderung der Calcigelproben deutlich beeinflusst, während die Wasseradsorption weitgehend unbeeinflusst bleibt. Die MX‐80‐Proben hingegen zeigen ein deutlich verringertes osmotisches Quellvermögen infolge der mikrobiologischen Anreicherung. Als direkte Folge der Anreicherung wurde für beide Bentonite eine Reduktion des pH‐Werts von 7,4 auf 4,8 im Porenfluid festgestellt, was die Reduktion des stark milieuabhängigen osmotischen Quellvorgangs erklärt.

Investigations on the swelling potential of bentonites influenced by biostimulation. This contribution addresses the influence of microbiological accumulation on swelling behaviour of bentonites. Therefore, materials composed of 30 % bentonite and 70 % natural silt have been treated with C6H12O6 acting as an energy as well as carbon source in order to initiate microbiological growth of the present population (biostimulation). Two bentonites have been investigated differing in terms of their interlayer cations: Calcigel primarily exhibiting Ca++ cations and MX 80 primarily exhibiting Na+ cations within the interlayer space. Due to this compositional difference Calcigel swelling is significantly determined by processes of innercrystalline swelling, whereas MX 80 bentonite exhibits distinctive osmotic swelling. It was found that metabolic processes leading to gas generation within the samples have a great influence on volume change of Calcigel mixtures, whereas water adsorption of the same samples was rarely affected. On the other hand, samples of MX 80 mixtures exhibit a significant decrease in osmotic swelling. During the swelling tests the pH value in the pore fluids of both, accumulated Calcigel‐ and MX 80‐samples decreased from 7,4 to 4,8. This change in environmental conditions accounts for the decrease in the sensitive process of osmotic swelling.
Geotechnische Bedingungen in der Schachtanlage Konrad – Auffahrung von Strecken und Kammern in druckhaftem Gebirge
Authors: Stahlmann Joachim , Missal Christian , Hahn Peter , Edel Thomas
Published: June 2014

Die Schachtanlage Konrad ist ein ehemaliges Erzbergwerk bei Salzgitter in Niedersachsen. Das Bergwerk wird in den nächsten Jahren zu einem Endlager für schwach‐ und mittelradioaktive Abfälle umgebaut. Im Zuge dieser Umbaumaßnahmen sollen am Schacht 2 auf der 2. Sohle (Teufe 850 m) Grubenbaue für den Betrieb des Endlagers erweitert und neu aufgefahren werden. Die geplante Nutzungsdauer der Räume beträgt 40 Jahre. Das anstehende Gebirge zeichnet sich durch eine komplexe Geologie aus, die durch Schichtungen und Trennflächen geprägt ist. Zudem zeigen die Tonsteinschichten zum Teil ein druckhaftes Gebirgsverhalten. Für den Nachweis der Standsicherheit und der Gebrauchstauglichkeit kommt die Beobachtungsmethode zum Einsatz. Numerische Prognosemodelle, welche die räumlichen Spannungsumlagerungen und Konvergenzen abbilden können, werden durch ein umfangreiches geotechnisches und markscheiderisches Messprogramm flankiert. Das Ausbaukonzept sieht in den Bereichen mit druckhaftem Gebirge eine geschlitzte Schale mit Gleitankern vor, die planmäßig Konvergenzen zulässt. Dadurch kann sich innerhalb des Konvergenzzeitraums ein Gebirgstragring ausbilden. Erst anschließend wird der endgültige Ausbau mit einer bewehrten Spritzbetonschale erstellt. Eine besondere Herausforderung ergibt sich aus der Abschätzung des Konvergenzzeitraums aus dem Prognosemodell unter Berücksichtigung des Messprogramms.

Geotechnical conditions at the Konrad mine – Excavation of drifts and rooms in squeezing rock. The Konrad mine is a former iron ore mine near Salzgitter in Germany. The mine will be rebuilt in the next few years into a repository for low and intermediate level radioactive waste. During this conversion drifts and rooms for operating the repository are extended and newly constructed at shaft 2 on the 2nd floor level (depth 850 m). The planned useful life for the rooms is 40 years. In this period, maintenance‐free operation has to be ensured. The bedrock is characterized by complex geology. In addition, the mudstone layers show partly a squeezing behavior. For the proof of stability and usability, the observation method is applied. Therefor numerical forecast models are necessary, which can reproduce the tree dimensional stress redistribution and convergences in the rock mass. These numerical calculations are flanked by an extensive geotechnical measurement program in order to detect the real behavior of the bedrock. The underground support system consists of a slotted lining with sliding anchors in the areas where squeezing rock is present. This allows converging of the bedrock. During the convergence period a bearing ring is formed within the rock mass. Afterwards the final lining is created in reinforced shotcrete. One major issue is the assessment of the convergence period taking into account the numerical forecast model and the measurement program.
Isotope geochemistry and Re–Os geochronology of the Yanjiagou Mo deposit in the central North China Craton
Authors: Sun W. Y. , Li S. R. , Santosh M. , Zhang X. Y.
Published: June 2014

The Yanjiagou deposit, located in the central North China Craton (NCC), is a newly found porphyry‐type Mo deposit. The Mo mineralization here is spatially associated with the Mapeng batholith. In this study, we identify four stages of ore formation in this deposit: pyrite phyllic stage (I), quartz–pyrite stage (II), quartz–pyrite–molybdenite stage (III), which is the main mineralization stage, and quartz–carbonate stage (IV). We present sulphur and lead isotope data on pyrite, and rhenium and osmium isotopes of molybdenite from the porphyry deposit and evaluate the timing and origin of ore formation. The δ34S values of the pyrite range from ‐1.1‰ to −0.6‰, with an average of −0.875‰, suggesting origin from a mixture of magmatic/mantle sources and the basement rocks. The Pb isotope compositions of the pyrite show a range of 16.369 to 17.079 for206Pb/204Pb, 15.201 to 15.355 for207Pb/204Pb, and 36.696 to 37.380 for208Pb/204Pb, indicating that the ore‐forming materials were derived from a mixture of lower crust (or basement rocks) and mantle. Rhenium contents in molybdenite samples from the main ore stage are between 74.73 to 254.43 ppm, with an average of 147.9 ppm, indicating a mixed crustal‐mantle source for the metal. Eight molybdenite separates yield model ages ranging from 124.17 to 130.80 Ma and a mean model age of 128.46 Ma. An isochron age of 126.7 ± 1.1 Ma (MSWD = 2.1, initial187Os = 0.0032 ± 0.0012 ppb) is computed, which reveals a close link between the Mo mineralization and the magmatism that generated the Mapeng batholith. The age is close to the zircon U–Pb age ofca. 130 Ma from the batholith reported in a recent study. The age is also consistent with the timing of mineralization in the Fuping ore cluster in the central NCC, as well as the peak time of lithosphere thinning and destruction of the NCC. We evaluate the spatio‐temporal distribution of the Mo deposits in the NCC and identify three important molybdenum provinces along the northern and southern margins of the craton formed during three distinct episodes: Middle to Late Triassic (240–220 Ma), Early Jurassic (190–175 Ma), and Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (150–125 Ma). The third period is considered to mark the most important metallogenic event, coinciding with the peak of lithosphere thinning and craton destruction in the NCC. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Episodic Triassic magmatism in the western South Qinling Orogen, central China, and its implications
Authors: Zeng Qingtao , Mccuaig T. Campbell , Tohver Eric , Bagas Leon , Lu Yongjun
Published: June 2014

The Qinling Orogen is located between the North China and South China cratons. The Mianlue Suture is the key boundary between the orogen and the South China Craton marking where the South China Craton subducted northward beneath the North China Craton during the late Triassic. Another older suture, the Shangdan Suture, divides the orogen into the North Qinling and South Qinling terranes. Our new geochronological data on eight granite plutons in the South Qinling Terrane indicate that the major phase of the Zhongchuan Granite is 219.5 ± 2.1 Ma, Luchuba is 217.1 ± 1.0 Ma, Baijiazhuang is 215.9 ± 3.0 Ma, Jiaochangba is 213.9 ± 1.7 Ma, Lvjing is 214.5 ± 2.1 Ma, Xiba is 215.6 ± 1.8 Ma, Wenquan is 217.3 ± 2.1 Ma and Fengxian is 240.9 ± 1.0 Ma. Compiled results reveal widespread magmatism began in the northwestern part of the South Qinling Terrane at ~240–250 Ma and episodically progressed to the southeast in the North Qinling Terrane. Magmatism was then widespread throughout the South Qinling Terrane during the Late Triassic. A new division of Triassic intrusions has been proposed across the Qinling Orogen based on critical geochemical and geochronological differences. First, the western part of the South Qinling Terrane, (western South Qinling suite), is significantly enriched in large ion lithophile elements, including Cs, Rb, U, Th and K, whereas the eastern part of the South Qinling Terrane, (eastern South Qinling suite), has moderate enrichment in these elements. Second, there is an obvious transition from calcium to potassium enrichment in the Late Triassic western‐South‐Qinling suite, whereas the Late Triassic eastern South Qinling suite appears to follow a curved trajectory starting from high Na through K to high Ca. Third, the Ba and Sr concentrations of the western South Qinling suite have marked troughs, whereas the eastern South Qinling suites have relative enrichment of the two elements. The source of the Triassic magma becomes increasingly juvenile towards the east‐southeast in the Qinling Orogen. Geochemical and isotopic data indicate that there are differences in the granites across the Chengxian–Huixian–Fengxian Fault within the western South Qinling Orogen, which highlight the tectonic significance of this northeast‐trending fault that is now recognized as a significant boundary within the orogen. The identification of such a large‐scale structure should attract some exploration attention, since this fundamental lineation is likely to be associated with some large mineral systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In‐office cup biopsy and laryngeal cytology versus operating room biopsy for the diagnosis of pharyngolaryngeal tumors: Efficacy and cost‐effectiveness
Authors: Castillo Farías Felipe , Cobeta Ignacio , Souviron Rosalia , Barberá Rafael , Mora Elena , Benito Amparo , Royuela Ana
Published: June 2014

Background

In‐office biopsy is an effective technique to diagnose the nature of pharyngolaryngeal lesions.

Methods

We selected patients with pharyngolaryngeal lesions suspicious for malignancy. For in‐office biopsy procedures, laryngeal cytology and direct laryngoscopy biopsy were performed, and diagnostic parameters and costs were estimated.

Results

Eighty‐eight patients were selected for this study. For laryngeal cytology, sensitivity was 70.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 59.9% to 80.7%), specificity 100% with a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 50% (95% CI = 35.2% to 64.8%). In‐office biopsy sensitivity was 81% (95% CI = 72.6% to 89.3%), specificity 100% with a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 20% (95% CI = 2.5% to 37.5%). At our hospital, the use of in‐office biopsies as a first approach for diagnosis saves $50,140.80 U.S. per annum.

Conclusion

In‐office biopsy is a more affordable technique that enables histologic diagnosis of pharyngolaryngeal lesions in a large percentage of patients. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1483–1487, 2015
Prognostic significance of body mass index before treatment for head and neck cancer
Authors: Takenaka Yukinori , Takemoto Norihiko , Nakahara Susumu , Yamamoto Yoshifumi , Yasui Toshimichi , Hanamoto Atshushi , Fukusumi Takahito , Michiba Takahiro , Cho Hironori , Yamamoto Masashi , Inohara Hidenori
Published: June 2014

Background

Patients with head and neck cancer frequently experience malnutrition. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of nutritional status on prognosis and its association with treatment modalities.

Methods

This retrospective study included 706 patients with head and neck cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2012. The effects of pretreatment body mass index (BMI) on overall survival were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model.

Results

BMI ranged from 11.6 to 38.0 kg/m2 (median, 21.5) and was a prognostic factor for survival, independent of primary site, and tumor stage. The 5‐year survival rates for underweight, normal, and overweight groups were 32.2%, 62.7%, and 73.5%, respectively. The hazard ratios of BMI in the surgery, chemoradiation, and radiation groups were 0.95, 0.91, and 0.79, respectively, and the latter two were statistically significant.

Conclusion

The impact of BMI is determined by the types of cancer treatment. Pretreatment BMI should be considered while deciding treatment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1518–1523, 2015
Capitalizing on the daily time step of snow telemetry data to model the snowmelt components of the hydrograph for small watersheds
Authors: Fassnacht S. R. , Deitemeyer D. C. , Venable N. B. H.
Published: June 2014

Daily time step data from National Resources Conservation Service snow telemetry (SNOTEL) stations were used to estimate components of the snowmelt‐dominated hydrograph for three small watersheds in Colorado and Wyoming. Thirty‐three years of SNOTEL data was paired with streamflow data to estimate the annual run‐off volume (Q100) and peak streamflow (Qpeak), as well as the timing of 20, 50, and 80% (tQ20, tQ50, and tQ80) of the annual streamflow. Multivariate regression models were derived from snow water equivalent (SWE) data for one basin (Joe Wright Creek), and the model components were then retained and applied to the other two watersheds. The basin‐specific coefficients developed for the Joe Wright model were also applied to the other two basins to evaluate direct transferability.

Peak SWE, date of peak SWE, and number of consecutive days with snow on the ground up to the date of peak SWE had the strongest correlation to streamflow and formed the basis of the models. The optimal model configuration performed well for the tQ20, tQ50, and Q100, with poorer performance for Qpeak and tQ80. Applying the Joe Wright Creek coefficients directly to the other watersheds yielded reasonable results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel ATR‐FTIR technique for identifying colloid composition in natural waters
Authors: McGuire Molly M. , Herman Ellen K.
Published: June 2014

Although understanding colloid composition has been frequently cited as essential to predicting contaminant transport in natural waters, most current methods to collect and identify colloid composition chemically alter the colloids prior to analysis and fail to identify colloid mineralogy and organic components. This paper presents a new, low‐cost method employing attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) to identify colloids including organic material in concentrated suspensions. The concentration method employing tangential ultrafiltration at a steady temperature prevents redistribution of dissolved phase and suspended sediments into the colloidal fraction through post‐sampling reactions. ATR‐FTIR allows for direct analysis of concentrated suspensions rather than requiring drying that may alter composition in the colloidal phase, for example, by precipitating carbonates in samples from karst waters. The ability of this technique to monitor variation in colloidal composition is demonstrated through the examination of colloids under two different flow conditions in a karst aquifer and the West Branch of the Susquehanna River in Central Pennsylvania. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supervision Experiences of Professional Counselors Providing Crisis Counseling
Authors: Dupre Madeleine , Echterling Lennis G. , Meixner Cara , Anderson Robin , Kielty Michele
Published: June 2014

In this phenomenological study, the authors explored supervision experiences of 13 licensed professional counselors in situations requiring crisis counseling. Five themes concerning crisis and supervision were identified from individual interviews. Findings support intensive, immediate crisis supervision and postlicensure clinical supervision.
Conflict in Multicultural Classes: Approaches to Resolving Difficult Dialogues
Authors: Burton Stephen , Furr Susan
Published: June 2014

Survey data are presented from instructors (N = 114) regarding how they would hypothetically use conflict management interventions within multicultural courses. Findings indicate that participants had more difficulty dealing with conflict directed at the instructor than with cognitive conflict, which involved students’ ideas or beliefs. In addition, higher preferences were associated with the use of relationship‐building interventions across all types of conflict.
Research Training in Doctoral Programs Accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs
Authors: Borders L. DiAnne , Wester Kelly L. , Fickling Melissa J. , Adamson Nicole A.
Published: June 2014

Faculty in 38 doctoral counselor education programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs identified the quantitative and qualitative designs and other research topics that were covered in required and elective course work, discipline of course instructors, and opportunities for doctoral students’ hands‐on research experience. Results indicated a wide range of research training offerings and modest faculty satisfaction.
Validity of Person Matching in Vocational Interest Inventories
Authors: Burns Stephanie T.
Published: June 2014

Research for more than 60 years has shown that entry into occupations can be predicted from scores on interest inventories at a rate better than chance (Donnay, ). The psychometric scoring methodologies used today by a majority of vocational interest inventories were developed in the 1920s and 1960s. Researchers are challenged with improving the theory and science behind vocational interest inventories to align them with current vocational constructions. In this study, validity comparisons were made between person matching and standard scoring based on 5,143 medical students who had taken a vocational interest inventory and had entered their medical residency. Person matching was found to improve differentiation between occupational groups and increase the amount of information offered in the scoring report; in addition, it could potentially increase occupational group assignment to advance vocational interest inventory validity.
College Major Choice in STEM: Revisiting Confidence and Demographic Factors
Authors: Moakler Martin W. , Kim Mikyong Minsun
Published: June 2014

Using national freshman survey data, the authors examined confidence and background variables (e.g., gender, minority status, parental occupation) as predictors of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) major choice. Logistic regression analyses revealed that students were more likely to choose STEM majors if they had strong confidence in mathematics and academic areas and had parents with STEM occupations. Although female students were unlikely to choose a STEM major, African American and Latina/o students were equally as likely to choose a STEM major as were White or Asian American students. Findings suggest that students' confidence level in their academic and mathematics abilities makes a significant difference in their initial STEM major choice. Study findings could assist educators, counselors, and policy makers in their efforts to promote student choice of STEM‐related majors and careers.
Academic Procrastination in STEM: Interactive Effects of Stereotype Threat and Achievement Goals
Authors: Deemer Eric D. , Smith Jessi L. , Carroll Ashley N. , Carpenter Jenna P.
Published: June 2014

A host of academic outcomes have been investigated as consequences of stereotype threat for women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), including attrition and decreased academic performance. However, the role of a potentially important precursor to these negative outcomes—academic procrastination—remains unclear. The present research sought to address this issue. University students (N = 223) enrolled in biology, chemistry, physics, and psychology courses participated in the study. Mastery approach, mastery avoidance, and performance avoidance achievement goals were hypothesized to moderate the effect of stereotype threat on academic procrastination. Results indicated significant interactions for women but not for men; however, interactions were not in the hypothesized direction for the avoidance goal moderators. Mastery approach goals exerted a significant buffering effect on the stereotype threat–academic procrastination relationship, but, contrary to prediction, both mastery avoidance and performance avoidance goals exerted a significant buffering effect. Implications for career‐related outcomes among women in STEM are discussed.
Bone morphogenetic protein Smads signaling in mesenchymal stem cells affected by osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramics
Authors: Tang Zhurong , Wang Zhe , Qing Fangzhu , Ni Yilu , Fan Yujiang , Tan Yanfei , Zhang Xingdong
Published: June 2014

Porous calcium phosphate ceramics (CaP ceramics) could induce ectopic bone formation which was regulated by various signal molecules. In this work, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured on the surface of osteoinductive hydroxyapatite (HA) and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics in comparison with control (culture plate) for up to 14 days to detect the signal molecules which might be affected by the CaP ceramics. Without adding osteogenic factors, MSCs cultured on HA and BCP both expressed higher Runx2, Osterix, collagen type I, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin at various stages compared with control, thus confirmed the osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs. Later study demonstrated the messenger RNA level of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and BMP4 were also significantly enhanced by HA and BCP. Furthermore, Smad1, 4, 5, and Dlx5, the main molecules in the BMP/Smads signaling pathway, were upregulated by HA and BCP. Moreover, the higher expression of Smads and BMP2, 4 in BCP over HA, corresponded to the better performance of BCP in stimulating in vitro osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs. This was in accordance with the better osteoinductivity of BCP over HA in vivo. Altogether, these results implied that the CaP ceramics may initiate the osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs by influencing the expression of molecules in BMP/Smads pathway. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1001–1010, 2015.
Morphogen and proinflammatory cytokine release kinetics from PRGF‐Endoret fibrin scaffolds: Evaluation of the effect of leukocyte inclusion
Authors: Anitua E. , Zalduendo M. M. , Prado R. , Alkhraisat M. H. , Orive G.
Published: June 2014

The potential influence of leukocyte incorporation in the kinetic release of growth factors from platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) may explain the conflicting efficiency of leukocyte platelet‐rich plasma (L‐PRP) scaffolds in tissue regeneration. To assess this hypothesis, leukocyte‐free (PRGF‐Endoret) and L‐PRP fibrin scaffolds were prepared, and both morphogen and proinflammatory cytokine release kinetics were analyzed. Clots were incubated with culture medium to monitor protein release over 8 days. Furthermore, the different fibrin scaffolds were morphologically characterized. Results show that leukocyte‐free fibrin matrices were homogenous while leukocyte‐containing ones were heterogeneous, loose and cellular. Leukocyte incorporation produced a significant increase in the contents of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐16 but not in the platelet‐derived growth factors release (<1.5‐fold). Surprisingly, the availability of vascular endothelial growth factor suffered an important decrease after 3 days of incubation in the case of L‐PRP matrices. While the release of proinflammatory cytokines was almost absent or very low from PRGF‐Endoret, the inclusion of leukocytes induced a major increase in these cytokines, which was characterized by the presence of a latent period. The PRGF‐Endoret matrices were stable during the 8 days of incubation. The inclusion of leukocytes alters the growth factors release profile and also increased the dose of proinflammatory cytokines. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1011–1020, 2015.
Adsorption/Desorption of Pesticidal Carboxylate Esters by Switching Liquid Phases on Humic‐Fraction‐Modified Silica Gel Matrix
Authors: Hu Shun‐Wei , Chen Shushi
Published: June 2014

A humic‐fraction‐modified silica gel is prepared and used as the adsorbent for various pesticidal carboxylate esters in hexane. The percentage of adsorption, calculated on the basis of the difference in peak areas for most carboxylate esters in hexane, reaches more than 90% in 1 h. The FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) Spectroscopy results show that the interaction force leading to the adsorption observed in hexane is dipole‐dipole oriented and is affected negatively both by the steric hindrance created due to the presence of the group near the carbonyl center of esters and the bulky alkyl group attached to an ether linkage. The hydrogen bonding (i.e. strong dipole‐dipole interaction) and π‐π stacking complexation are either absent or the minor force responsible for the adsorption of carboxylate esters in hexane in most cases. Other factors that cause the variation in the percentage of adsorption include the type of liquid phase (e.g. ethyl ether or acetonitrile vs. hexane) and the additive of acidic or basic origin present in the matrix, which renders the desorption approach for analyte adsorbed.
Pin1 Regulates Osteoclast Fusion Through Suppression of the Master Regulator of Cell Fusion DC‐STAMP
Authors: Islam Rabia , Bae Han‐Sol , Yoon Won‐Joon , Woo Kyung‐Mi , Baek Jeong‐Hwa , Kim Hong‐Hee , Uchida Takafumi , Ryoo Hyun‐Mo
Published: June 2014

Cell fusion is a fundamental biological event that is essential for the development of multinucleated cells such as osteoclasts. Fusion failure leads to the accumulation of dense bone such as in osteopetrosis, demonstrating the importance of fusion in osteoclast maturity and bone remodeling. In a recent study, we reported that Pin1 plays a role in the regulation of bone formation and Runx2 regulation. In this study, we explored the role of Pin1 in osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Pin1 null mice have low bone mass and increased TRAP staining in histological sections of long bones, compared to Pin1 wild‐type mice. In vitro osteoclast forming assays with bone marrow‐derived monocyte/macrophage revealed that Pin1‐deficient osteoclasts are larger than wild‐type osteoclasts and have higher nuclei numbers, indicating greater extent of fusion. Pin1 deficiency also highly enhanced foreign body giant cell formation both in vitro and in vivo. Among the known fusion proteins, only DC‐STAMP was significantly increased in Pin1−/− osteoclasts. Immunohistochemistry showed that DC‐STAMP expression was also significantly increased in tibial metaphysis of Pin1 KO mice. We found that Pin1 binds and isomerizes DC‐STAMP and affects its expression levels and localization at the plasma membrane. Taken together, our data indicate that Pin1 is a determinant of bone mass through the regulation of the osteoclast fusion protein DC‐STAMP. The identification of Pin1 as a factor involved in cell fusion contributes to the understanding of osteoclast‐associated diseases, including osteoporosis, and opens new avenues for therapeutic targets. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 2166–2174, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
microRNA‐Mediated Survivin Control of Pluripotency
Authors: Kapinas Kristina , Kim Heesun , Mandeville Matthew , Martin‐Buley Lori A. , Croce Carlo M. , Lian Jane B. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Stein Janet L. , Altieri Dario C. , Stein Gary S.
Published: June 2014

Understanding the mechanisms that sustain pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is an active area of research that may prove useful in regenerative medicine and will provide fundamental information relevant to development and cancer. hESCs and cancer cells share the unique ability to proliferate indefinitely and rapidly. Because the protein survivin is uniquely overexpressed in virtually all human cancers and in hESCs, we sought to investigate its role in supporting the distinctive capabilities of these cell types. Results presented here suggest that survivin contributes to the maintenance of pluripotency and that post‐transcriptional control of survivin isoform expression is selectively regulated by microRNAs. miR‐203 has been extensively studied in human tumors, but has not been characterized in hESCs. We show that miR‐203 expression and activity is consistent with the expression and subcellular localization of survivin isoforms that in turn modulate expression of the Oct4 and Nanog transcription factors to sustain pluripotency. This study contributes to understanding of the complex regulatory mechanisms that govern whether hESCs proliferate or commit to lineages. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 63–70, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Urotensin II inhibits arginine vasotocin and stimulates isotocin release from nerve endings in the pituitary of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)
Authors: Kalamarz‐Kubiak Hanna , Ashkenazi Iris Meiri , Kleszczyńska Agnieszka , Rosenfeld Hanna
Published: June 2014

The aim of this in vitro study was to determine whether arginine vasotocin (AVT) and isotocin (IT) release from nerve endings is affected by urotensin II (UII) in gilthead sea bream pituitary. Primary cultures of pituitary cells were exposed to 10−12, 10−10, and 10−8 M UII for 6, 24, and 48 hr. AVT and IT contents were determined in the culture media by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). UII at all doses decreased AVT release after 6, 24, and 48 hr of incubation. IT release was increased by UII only after 24 hr of incubation. This study, for the first time, indicates that UII affects AVT and IT release from nerve endings in the pituitary of Sparus aurata. It is presumed that UII together with AVT and IT may control response to different salinities in fishes. J. Exp. Zool. 321A: 467–471, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spectral tuning in vertebrate short wavelength‐sensitive 1 (SWS1) visual pigments: Can wavelength sensitivity be inferred from sequence data?
Authors: Hauser Frances E. , van Hazel Ilke , Chang Belinda S. W.
Published: June 2014

The molecular mechanisms underlying the enormous diversity of visual pigment wavelength sensitivities found in nature have been the focus of many molecular evolutionary studies, with particular attention to the short wavelength‐sensitive 1 (SWS1) visual pigments that mediate vision in the ultraviolet to violet range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Over a decade of study has revealed that the remarkable extension of SWS1 absorption maxima (λmax) into the ultraviolet occurs through a deprotonation of the Schiff base linkage of the retinal chromophore, a mechanism unique to this visual pigment type. In studies of visual ecology, there has been mounting interest in inferring visual sensitivity at short wavelengths, given the importance of UV signaling in courtship displays and other behaviors. Since experimentally determining spectral sensitivities can be both challenging and time‐consuming, alternative strategies such as estimating λmax based on amino acids at sites known to affect spectral tuning are becoming increasingly common. However, these estimates should be made with knowledge of the limitations inherent in these approaches. Here, we provide an overview of the current literature on SWS1 site‐directed mutagenesis spectral tuning studies, and discuss methodological caveats specific to the SWS1‐type pigments. We focus particular attention on contrasting avian and mammalian SWS1 spectral tuning mechanisms, which are the best studied among vertebrates. We find that avian SWS1 visual pigment spectral tuning mechanisms are fairly consistent, and therefore more predictable in terms of wavelength absorption maxima, whereas mammalian pigments are not well suited to predictions of λmax from sequence data alone. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 322B: 529–539, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of 4,5,6,7‐Tetrabromo‐1H‐benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Łukowska‐Chojnacka Edyta , Bretner Maria
Published: June 2014

A convenient and simple method for the preparation of polybrominated benzimidazole derivatives has been described. Reaction of 4,5,6,7‐tetrabromo‐1‐(3‐chloropropyl)‐1H‐benzimidazole, obtained by alkylation of 4,5,6,7‐tetrabromo‐1H‐benzimidazole (TBBi) with 1‐bromo‐3‐chloropropane in the presence of KOH, with morpholine, aniline, benzylamine, N‐methyl piperazine, and 2‐arylpyrrolidines afforded new TBBi derivatives.
A One‐pot, Four‐component Protocol for the Synthesis of 2‐Aroylimino‐3‐aryl‐4‐methyl‐5‐acetyl‐1,3‐thiazolines
Authors: Saeed Aamer , Flörke Ulrich
Published: June 2014

A concise and efficient route for the synthesis of new 2‐aroylimino‐3‐aryl‐4‐methyl‐5‐acetyl‐1,3‐thiazolines in good to excellent yields is described. This involves the one‐pot, four‐component reaction of suitable aroyl chlorides, potassium thiocyanate, anilines, and 3‐chloropentane‐2,4‐dione in the presence of N‐methylimidazole.
Linking Individual Creativity to Organizational Innovation
Authors: Litchfield Robert C. , Ford Cameron M. , Gentry Richard J.
Published: June 2014

We draw on 146 employee‐co‐worker‐supervisor triads from 146 organizations to examine the role of individual perspective‐taking and team creative environment in the association between individual creativity and organizational innovation. Adopting an interactionist perspective, we find that the link between individual creativity and organizational innovation is most clearly strengthened when individual perspective‐taking and team creative environment are both high. Neither individual perspective‐taking nor team creative environment alone moderated the relationship between creativity and innovation.
A test of the compensatory mortality hypothesis in mountain lions: A management experiment in West‐Central Montana
Authors: Robinson Hugh S. , Desimone Richard , Hartway Cynthia , Gude Justin A. , Thompson Michael J. , Mitchell Michael S. , Hebblewhite Mark
Published: June 2014

Mountain lions (Puma concolor) are widely hunted for recreation, population control, and to reduce conflict with humans, but much is still unknown regarding the effects of harvest on mountain lion population dynamics. Whether human hunting mortality on mountain lions is additive or compensatory is debated. Our primary objective was to investigate population effects of harvest on mountain lions. We addressed this objective with a management experiment of 3 years of intensive harvest followed by a 6‐year recovery period. In December 2000, after 3 years of hunting, approximately 66% of a single game management unit within the Blackfoot River watershed in Montana was closed to lion hunting, effectively creating a refuge representing approximately 12% (915 km2) of the total study area (7,908 km2). Hunting continued in the remainder of the study area, but harvest levels declined from approximately 9/1,000 km2in 2001 to 2/1,000 km2in 2006 as a result of the protected area and reduced quotas outside. We radiocollared 117 mountain lions from 1998 to 2006. We recorded known fates for 63 animals, and right‐censored the remainder. Although hunting directly reduced survival, parameters such as litter size, birth interval, maternity, age at dispersal, and age of first reproduction were not significantly affected. Sensitivity analysis showed that female survival and maternity were most influential on population growth. Life‐stage simulation analysis (LSA) demonstrated the effect of hunting on the population dynamics of mountain lions. In our non‐hunted population, reproduction (kitten survival and maternity) accounted for approximately 62% of the variation in growth rate, whereas adult female survival accounted for 30%. Hunting reversed this, increasing the reliance of population growth on adult female survival (45% of the variation in population growth), and away from reproduction (12%). Our research showed that harvest at the levels implemented in this study did not affect population productivity (i.e., maternity), but had an additive effect on mountain lion mortality, and therefore population growth. Through harvest, wildlife managers have the ability to control mountain lion populations. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
More Powerful Femtosecond Lasers
Authors: Kienle Florian , Achenbach Daniel
Published: June 2014

There is a constant race for more power and higher pulse energies from femtosecond lasers to cater for demanding applications in materials processing such as TFT‐display mask repair, glass scribing, stent cutting or composite materials machining. This puts more and more stringent requirements on the components used in the oscillators as well as amplifiers of such laser systems, particularly the laser gain medium. We would like to present our recent results with what we identified to be appropriate gain media and which were used in regenerative amplifier systems. The experiments were performed in our R&D labs as well as in the High Q Laser in‐house application lab (cutting‐edge pico‐ and femtosecond laser systems as well as laser scanning and microscopy tools).
Ultrafast laser inscription: perspectives on future integrated applications
Authors: Choudhury Debaditya , Macdonald John R. , Kar Ajoy K.
Published: June 2014

This paper reviews the recent advancements achieved using ultrafast laser inscription (ULI) that highlight the cross‐disciplinary potential of the technology. An overview of waveguide fabrication is provided and the three distinct types of waveguide cross‐section architectures that have so far been fabricated in transparent dielectric materials are discussed. The paper focuses on two key emergent technologies driven by ULI processes. First, the recently developed photonic devices, such as compact mode‐locked waveguide sources and novel mid‐infrared waveguide lasers are discussed. Secondly, the phenomenon and applications of selective etching in developing ultrafast laser inscribed structures for compact lab‐on‐chip devices are elaborated. The review further discusses the conceivable future of ULI in impacting the aforementioned fields.
Quantitative mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins combined with enrichment methods
Authors: Ahn Yeong Hee , Kim Jin Young , Yoo Jong Shin
Published: June 2014

Mass spectrometry (MS) has been a core technology for high sensitive and high‐throughput analysis of the enriched glycoproteome in aspects of quantitative assays as well as qualitative profiling of glycoproteins. Because it has been widely recognized that aberrant glycosylation in a glycoprotein may involve in progression of a certain disease, the development of efficient analysis tool for the aberrant glycoproteins is very important for deep understanding about pathological function of the glycoprotein and new biomarker development. This review first describes the protein glycosylation‐targeting enrichment technologies mainly employing solid‐phase extraction methods such as hydrizide‐capturing, lectin‐specific capturing, and affinity separation techniques based on porous graphitized carbon, hydrophilic interaction chromatography, or immobilized boronic acid. Second, MS‐based quantitative analysis strategies coupled with the protein glycosylation‐targeting enrichment technologies, by using a label‐free MS, stable isotope‐labeling, or targeted multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) MS, are summarized with recent published studies. © 2014 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Rapid Commun. Mass Spec Rev 34:148–165, 2015.
Profits and Corporate Philanthropy: An Economic Rationale for Dual Mission Firms
Authors: Mao Wen , Pearce II John A. , Wasson Renya Reed
Published: June 2014

This paper provides an economic rationale for corporate social responsibility. We develop a model of a dual mission firm that produces both a private good and a philanthropic good. By incorporating economies of scope arising from shared inputs into our model, we demonstrate that corporate social responsibility and profit maximization can complement each other. Supporters of new legal corporate forms that facilitate the creation of dual mission businesses have persuasive new evidence in support of hybrid firms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rainfall estimation by S‐band polarimetric radar in Korea. Part I: preprocessing and preliminary results
Authors: You Cheol‐Hwan , Kang Mi‐Young , Lee Dong‐In , Uyeda Hiroshi
Published: June 2014

The empirical relationships used to estimate rainfall amounts from polarimetric radar observations were developed and tested by using long‐period drop size distribution (DSD) data and monitoring of rainfall events prior to operational use in Korea. Rainfall associated with Typhoon Meari in 2011 was selected to assess the performance of these relationships for point and areal rainfall amounts. Data quality was checked in regions of light rain to enable the quantitative use of polarimetric variables. The distributions of the cross‐correlation co‐efficient and standard deviation of the differential phase shift agreed with those established in a previous study, but the absolute average deviation of differential reflectivity (ZDR) was a little distorted. Biases in reflectivity (Z) and differential reflectivity were calculated following established methods and found to be –0.18 and 0.47 dB, respectively. The accuracy of rainfall amounts calculated from R(KDP) and R(KDP, ZDR) was poor. The best estimates of rainfall were obtained using R(Z, ZDR) based on DSDs from Oklahoma (OKC) in the USA and Busan (BSC) for both the point and areal mean cases. Correlation co‐efficients of R(Z, ZDR) using the BSC DSDs were better than those using the OKC DSDs for areal mean rainfall amounts. Rainfall amounts in this particular case in Korea were estimated more accurately using the Brandes drop shape for R(Z, ZDR) than the equilibrium drop shape.
Simulation of non‐planar three‐dimensional hydraulic fracture propagation
Authors: Gupta P. , Duarte C. A.
Published: June 2014

Hydraulic fracturing is the method of choice to enhance reservoir permeability and well efficiency for extraction of shale gas. Multi‐stranded non‐planar hydraulic fractures are often observed in stimulation sites. Non‐planar fractures propagating from wellbores inclined from the direction of maximum horizontal stress have also been reported. The pressure required to propagate non‐planar fractures is in general higher than in the case of planar fractures. Current computational methods for the simulation of hydraulic fractures generally assume single, symmetric, and planar crack geometries. In order to better understand hydraulic fracturing in complex‐layered naturally fractured reservoirs, fully 3D models need to be developed. In this paper, we present simulations of 3D non‐planar fracture propagation using an adaptive generalized FEM. This method greatly facilitates the discretization of complex 3D fractures, as finite element faces are not required to fit the crack surfaces. A solution strategy for fully automatic propagation of arbitrary 3D cracks is presented. The fracture surface on which pressure is applied is also automatically updated at each step. An efficient technique to numerically integrate boundary conditions on crack surfaces is also proposed and implemented. Strongly graded localized refinement and analytical asymptotic expansions are used as enrichment functions in the neighborhood of fracture fronts to increase the computational accuracy and efficiency of the method. Stress intensity factors with pressure on crack faces are extracted using the contour integral method. Various non‐planar crack geometries are investigated to demonstrate the robustness and flexibility of the proposed simulation methodology. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fully discrete A‐ϕ finite element method for Maxwell's equations with nonlinear conductivity
Authors: Kang Tong , Chen Tao , Zhang Huai , Ik Kim Kwang
Published: June 2014

This article is devoted to the study of a fully discrete A‐ finite element method to solve nonlinear Maxwell's equations based on backward Euler discretization in time and nodal finite elements in space. The nonlinearity is owing to a field‐dependent conductivity with the power‐law form . We design a nonlinear time‐discrete scheme for approximation in suitable function spaces. We show the well‐posedness of the problem, prove the convergence of the semidiscrete scheme based on the boundedness of the second derivative in the dual space and derive its error estimate. The Minty–Browder technique is introduced to obtain the convergence of the nonlinear term. Finally, we discuss the error estimate for the fully discretized problem and support the theoretical result by two numerical experiments. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 2083–2108, 2014