bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of consumption factors on soft tissue changes in Swedish moist snuff users: a histologic study
Authors: Andersson Gunilla , Axéll Tony , Larsson Åke
Published: April 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relative importance for histologic changes of the oral mucosa of such consumption factors as years with regular snuff use, hours and grams of daily snuff use. The material consisted of biopsies of selected cases (two groups) from 252 regular snuff users of whom 184 used exclusively loose and 68 exclusively portion‐bag packed snuff. Group 1 comprised 8 pairs of loose snuff users with large differences (14–45 yr) in terms of years with regular habit. Many years of snuff use did not per se seem to result in tissue changes which significantly differed from changes seen in subjects with only a few years of loose snuff use. Group 2 included 5–10 subjects showing the lowest and highest daily consumption of loose or portion‐bag packed snuff. Among those with a low daily consumption, portion‐bags seem to be related to less pronounced changes than loose snuff. High daily snuff use was associated with relatively somewhat more pronounced epithelial surface changes but histologic differences between the two habit groups were difficult to identify.
Induction and upregulation of adhesion receptors in oral and dermal lichen planus
Authors: Konter U. , Kellner I. , Hoffmeister B. , Sterry W.
Published: April 2006

The expression pattern of well‐defined cell surface adhesion receptors called VLA‐family, LFA‐1 and ICAM‐1 was determined semiquantitatively in biopsies of oral (n = 12) and dermal lichen planus (n = 5) and compared to normal uninvolved human oral mucosa (n= 12) and skin (n= 12) using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. In both oral and dermal lichen planus, an induction of the β1‐integrins VLA‐1 and VLA‐3 and an upregulation of VLA‐6 was found on T cells infiltrating the basement membrane zone. These cell surface molecules function as receptors for collagen, fibronectin and laminin. A focal induction of ICAM‐1 on basal keratinocytes could be detected at sites of intramucosal T cells. These results suggest that investigated adhesion receptors are crucially involved in the aggregation of T cells in both conditions. Further investigations have to be done to determine the functional role of these adhesion receptors in lichen planus.
Immunohistochemical detection of ras p21 in oral papilloma
Authors: Satoh Masanobu , Hatakeyama Setsuko , Sashima Mieko , Suzuki Atsumi
Published: April 2006

Twenty‐four oral papillomas were fixed in a 10% formalin solution, and 5 μ paraffin sections were prepared by normal procedure. Using monoclonal antibody NCC‐RAS‐001 as the primary antibody, the expression of ras p21 in the oral papilloma was searched immunohistochemically by the Histostain SP kit. The ras p21 was detected in 10 (41.7%) of 24 oral papillomas. In the histologic expression, it was less frequently detected in keratinized cell layer and basal cell layer, and it was most often detected in the cytoplasm of the cells in the spinous cell layer. These findings suggested the close relation between the expression of ras p21 and the epithelial proliferation and differentiation in the oral papilloma.
Cytomegalovirus associated oral ulcerations in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Langford A. , Kunze R. , Timm H. , Ruf B. , Reichart P.
Published: April 2006

Oral ulcerations associated with disseminated Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were observed in four patients with AIDS manifestations showing low CD4 counts. Virus cultures of urine and saliva samples were positive for CMV in all cases. The lesions were characterized by a punched‐out appearance, non‐indurated borders, low bleeding tendency and lack of inflammatory wall. Light microscopy revealed granulation tissue containing “owl's eye” like cells in all specimens. Presence of CMV was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The ulcerations were infiltrated with T‐lymphocytes of the helper, suppressor and cytotoxic subset, most were positive for HLA DR. Despite the local invasion with immunocytes and high serum titers of serum antibodies the patients experienced progressive CMV disease.
Comparison of eosinophil densities in oral mucosal lichen planus and lichenoid drug reactions
Authors: Firth N. A. , Reade P. C.
Published: April 2006

The eosinophil density in various tissue compartments in oral mucosal lichen planus and oral mucosal lichenoid drug reactions was studied using a variety of staining methods and histomorphometry. No significant differences were found, indicating that the presence of eosinophils cannot be used as a reliable histologic criterion for establishing a diagnosis of oral musocal lichenoid drug reactions.
Effect on the incidence of oral submucous fibrosis of intervention in the areca nut chewing habit
Authors: Murti P. R. , Gupta P. C. , Bhonsle R. B. , Daftary D. K. , Mehta F. S. , Pindborg J. J.
Published: April 2006

Incidence of oral submucous fibrosis was calculated from a 10‐yr prospective intervention study of 12,212 individuals with a strong component of health education on tobacco and area nut chewing. Based on 11 new cases among 6341 chewers, the annual incidence was 8.0 per 100,000 among men and 29.0 for women. An earlier 10‐yr follow‐up study, with no intervention component, served as control. Based on 11 new cases among 3,809 chewers, the annual incidence was 21.3 per 100,000 for men and 45.7 for women controls. Although the decrease in the incidence in the intervention cohort was not statistically significant due to small number of cases, the results underscored the causal role of areca nut chewing and indicated the potential for primary prevention of oral submucous fibrosis.
The diagnostic uses of saliva
Authors: Mandel Irwin D.
Published: April 2006

It is becoming increasingly apparent to investigators and clinicians in a variety of disciplines that saliva has many diagnostic uses and is especially valuable in the young, the old and infirm and in large scale screening and epidemiologic studies. The highly sensitive test procedures that are now commonplace makes it practical to quantitate, despite very low concentrations, a large number of hormones and drugs in saliva. Indeed, all steroids of diagnostic significance in routine clinical endocrinology can now be readily measured in saliva. Drug monitoring can include abusive as well as therapeutic agents. The concordance between anti HIV antibodies in saliva and serum has stimulated application to various other antiviral antibodies as well as to viral antigens per se. Saliva has found use as a diagnostic aid in an increasing number of clinical situations and in systemic diseases that can affect salivary gland function and composition such as Sjögren's syndrome, cystic fibrosis and diseases of the adrenal cortex. The list keeps growing.
Dentin dysplasia Type II: absence of Type III collagen in dentin
Authors: Ranta Helena , Lukinmaa Pirjo‐Liisa , Knif Janna
Published: April 2006

A three‐generation family with dentin dysplasia (DD) Type II is presented. Affected family members share common radiologic features with clinically varied expression of tooth discoloration and occlusal wear. Both the primary and the permanent dentition appear to be affected. No generalized connective tissue involvement is found. The mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant. Histologically, the findings are consistent with DD Type II. In indirect immunofluorescence, the irregular radicular dentin of an affected permanent tooth failed to stain with specific antibodies against Type III collagen and the N‐terminal propeptide of Type III procollagen.
Squamous odontogenic tumor
Authors: Reichart Peter A. , Philipsen Hans Peter
Published: April 2006

The clinical, radiographic, histologic and some immunohistochemical findings in a case of squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) in a 56–yr‐old woman are described. SOT appears to be of benign nature, most probably originating from the epithelial rests of Malassez.
Oral enterobacteriaceae in patients with HIV infection
Authors: Schmidt‐Westhausen Andrea , Fehrenbach Franz J. , Reichart Peter A.
Published: April 2006

160 oral swabs of 149 HIV‐infected patients and 168 swabs of 166 controls were cultured to detect a possible colonization of the oral cavity with yeasts and Enterobacteriaceae, In 5.0% of the HIV‐infected patients and in 4.8% of the controls different species of Enterobacteriaceae were found. Yeasts were always associated with Enterobacteriaceae in the group of HIV‐infected patients. Clinically, different oral lesions were seen in the study group. A correlation between the nature of these lesions and the presence of Enterobacteriaceae could not be found. A possible pathogenic role of the Enterobacteriaceae associated with these oral lesions is yet uncertain and remains to be established by further studies.
Expression of the histo‐blood group ABO gene defined glycosyltransferases in epithelial tissues
Authors: Mandel Ulla , White Thayer , Karkov Jens , Hakomori Sen‐itiroh , Clausen Henrik , Dabelsteen Erik
Published: April 2006

The histo‐blood group ABO carbohydrate antigens are differentially expressed in epithelia in close correlation with cellular differentiation. In order to gain insight into the biosynthetic regulation of these carbohydrate antigens, we correlated the expression of A carbohydrate antigens with that of the A gene defined glycosyl‐transferase by immunohistology of human oral epithelia using monoclonal antibodies. In glandular epithelium the A transferase was found in mucous cells similar to that of the A carbohydrate antigens. In stratified non‐keratinized squamous epithelium the A transferase was expressed only in spinous cell layers, which is in accordance with the appearance of the A carbohydrate antigens in these more mature cell layers. This simultaneous acquisition of the primary and secondary gene product of a glycosyltransferase gene, provides evidence that the well‐defined sequential expression of histo‐blood group carbohydrate antigens in stratified squamous epithelium may be directly regulated at the transcriptional level of the glycosyltransferase. Future studies will address the mechanism behind loss of A antigens in premalignant lesions and carcinomas.
Human papilloma virus in erosive oral lichen planus
Authors: Jontell M. , Watts S. , Wallström M. , Levin L. , Sloberg K.
Published: April 2006

Several types of human papilloma viruses (HPV) have been associated with benign and malignant squamous cell tumours of mucosal epithelium. To identify HPV in erosive oral lichen planus (OLPe), considered as a premalignant lesion, tissues from 20 patients were examined by Southern blot hybridization with 32P‐labeled HPV DNA probes. Type 11 was found in 6 of the lesions while HPV types 6, 16 and 18 were not detected in any of the tissues examined. Using a type‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for HPV‐6, 11, 16 and 18, HPV‐11 was detected in 8 of the samples (all of those positive by Southern blot), and, in addition, HPV‐6 was found in 5 samples and HPV‐16 in 3 samples. Overall, by the more sensitive PCR assay, 65% of samples were positive for HPV DNA. The finding of HPV DNA in many of the samples using two different techniques indicates a high prevalence of HPV in the OLPe afflicted oral mucosa. However, the role of HPV in the pathogenesis of OLPe has yet to be determined.
Acetowhite staining and its significance in diagnosis of oral mucosal lesions in women with genital HPV infections
Authors: Kellokoski Jari , Syrjänen Stina , Kataja Vesa , Yliskoski Merja , Syrjanen Kari
Published: April 2006

White staining of genital mucosa after acetic acid application (3–5%) (acetowhiteness) has been commonly regarded as a sign of HPV infection, and acetic acid application is widely used as a routine diagnostic means to screen the HPV infections. However, the sensitivity and specificity of acetowhite staining to detect HPV infections has not been properly studied. The usefulness of acetic acid application in detecting oral HPV infections is not established. In this communication, the oral mucosal changes after acetic acid application were systematically recorded in 315 women prospectively followed‐up for genital HPV infections, with special reference to smoking, alcohol consumption, histology, cytology and presence of HPV DNA. Strong and weak acetowhite staining were found in 2% and 38% of the patients, respectively. The mean age of these patients was 30.8 yr in contrast to 37.3 yr of the patients without acetowhite lesions, the difference being significant. In most cases, the staining was widely distributed over the buccal mucosa. Acetowhiteness on oral mucosa was seen significantly more frequently in smokers, but the staining did not show any correlation with alcohol consumption, histologic and cytologic findings, presence of HPV DNA or with glycogen content. The specificity of acetowhite staining to detect HPV DNA was 50%. Vacuolized cells were found significantly more often in PAS‐positive biopsies. The mean day of the menstrual cycle of the acetic acid ‐ positive and ‐negative patients at examination was 14.9 and 11.9, respectively. The results suggest that positive acetic acid staining in oral cavity should not be regarded as a diagnostic criteria for HPV infection. In fact, acetowhiteness of the oral mucosa seems to be significantly associated with smoking and age, and this connection should be further studied. The acetic acid staining of the genital mucosa should be also re‐evaluated to avoid overdiagnosis of HPV infection.
Assessment of the value of immunofluorescence microscopy in the diagnosis of oral mucosal lichen planus
Authors: Firth N. A. , Rich A. M. , Radden B. G. , Reade P. C.
Published: April 2006

Accurate diagnosis of oral mucosal lichen planus (OMLP) is essential if appropriate management is to be instituted. Direct immunofluorescence microscopy (DIP) has facilitated the diagnosis of some dermatologic diseases with oral manifestations, but its use in the diagnosis of OMLP is less well documented. In the present study, 165 biopsies from consecutive cases for which a provisional diagnosis of OMLP was suggested clinically or on the basis of routine histopathologic, or DIP assessment were studied. In 27 cases the results of DIP were non‐contributory. In 13 cases the diagnosis could only be established by DIP examination. Nine cases clinically diagnosed as OMLP were assigned to a different condition on the basis of routine histology and DIP. It was concluded that DIP was an integral step in the diagnosis of OMLP.
HLA‐DR and DQ antigens in Chinese patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Lin Song‐Chyr , Sun Andy
Published: April 2006

A study of HLA‐DR and DQ typing in 44 patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) (28 women and 16 men) and in 107 normal controls of both sexes was performed by using Terasaki's oriental tray. Twenty‐eight patients had erosive forms of lichen planus (OLPe). Serologic typing revealed a highly significant increase of HLA‐DR 9 and Te 22 antigens in the patient group. Considering our findings and those in other autoimmune diseases, it is hypothesized that OLP is a localized autoimmune disease and the HLA‐DR9 in Chinese takes the place of HLA‐DR3 in Caucasians in carrying the genes which predispose to the development of autoimmune disease.
Effect of cannabis use on oral candidal carriage
Authors: Darling M. R. , Arendorf T. M. , Coldrey N. A.
Published: April 2006

The effects of cigarette smoking on oral candidal carriage and candidosis have been well documented but few similar studies on cannabis smoking have appeared, therefore it was felt that such a study needed to be undertaken. In this investigation, the effect of cannabis smoking combined with methaqualone and tobacco on candidal prevalence, density and candidosis was examined in 55 users. Age and sex matched tobacco‐smoking (n= 58) and non‐smoking controls (n= 50) were examined similarly. The imprint culture technique was used for harvesting Candida. Results showed an increased prevalence and density of C. albicans in cannabis users while there was no apparent difference in the prevalence of candidiasis. However, two subjects presented with oral multifocal candidiasis.
Modulation of Langerhans cell surface antigen expression by recombinant cytokines
Authors: Ishii T. , Walsh L. J. , Seymour G. J. , Powell R. N.
Published: April 2006

This study examined the influence of cytokines on surface antigen expression by gingival Langerhans cells (LC) in organ culture, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF‐α) upregulated the expression of CDla, HLA‐DR and HLA‐DP antigens on LC. TNF‐α, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), and transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) suppressed CD29 expression, while other cytokines, including interleukin‐3 and granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor, were without effect. No cytokines induced CD3, CD4, CD23, CD25 or CD45 RA antigen expression in organ culture. Since TNF‐α and IL‐6 can be secreted by keratinocytes, these molecules, together with interleukin‐1, are likely to play a role in the local control of LC number and function within the epithelial milieu. Thus, alterations in cytokine secretion by keratinocytes may at least in part be responsible for variations in LC number and antigen expression which occur in oral mucosal disorders.
LongoVital in the prevention of recurrent aphthous ulceration
Authors: Pedersen Anne , Hougen Hans Fetter , Klausen Bjarne , Winther Kaj
Published: April 2006

LongoVital (LV) (DK. Reg. No. 5178/75) is a herbal based tablet enriched with recommended doses of vitamins. The present study was undertaken to investigate prevention of recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) during 6 months' daily intake of LV as compared with placebo in a double‐blind, randomized clinical, cross‐over 1‐yr study. The population comprised 29 otherwise healthy minor RAU patients (18 F, 11 M), mean age 36 (18–67), with an estimated average number of recurrences the previous year of 12.8 (3–30). The number of recurrences was significantly reduced on LV the latter 4 of the 6 months (P<0.01) where 31% were totally free of recurrences. Subjective all‐over evaluation of treatment period was significantly in favor of LV. LV induced no adverse reactions and is the first harmless systemic treatment which has proved better than placebo in the prevention of RAU.
Immunopathogenesis of oral lichen planus
Authors: Walsh L. J. , Savage N. W. , Ishii T. , Seymour G. J.
Published: April 2006

Oral lichen planus (LP) is a common mucosal disorder in which cell mediated immunity is thought to play a major role. In this paper, a unifying hypothesis which attempts to integrate cellular and molecular signals in the local immune response in oral LP is presented. In this model, modified keratinocyte surface antigens are the target for the cytotoxic cell response which characterizes oral LP, whereas mast cells and antigen presenting Langerhans cells are key cellular elements in the evolving lesion. It has been established that mast cell degranulation induces adhesion molecule expression on endothelium which facilitates lymphocyte homing to the tissues. These adhesive interactions between lymphocytes and keratinocytes are postulated to be important determinants in the effector phase of the lesion. Cytokines produced by both lymphocytes and keratinocytes which influence the local immune response could promote chronicity. Accordingly, modulation of immunologic events is a potential therapeutic approach for oral LP.
SEM contribution to the morphological study of dental structures in ovarian cystic teratoma
Authors: Audiat P. , Decombas M. , Kaqueler J. C.
Published: April 2006

This study in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out to observe the possible pathologic aspect of five teeth grossly arranged in normal sequence and of their surrounding tissues, found inside an ovarian cystic teratoma. Though the general morphology of the teeth was nearly normal, several anomalies affected the different mineralized dental tissues such as enamel hypoplasia, irregular growth of cementum, altered predentin layer, and immature osteofibrous bony outgrowths.
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (anaphylactoid purpura): a unique occurrence in the oral cavity.
Authors: Gazit D. , Nahlieli O. , Neder A. , Berstein I. , Ulmansky M.
Published: April 2006

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis, immune complex disorder (type III), is a skin disease with both an acute form characterized by bullae, vesicles and ulcerations, and a chronic form characterized by petechiae, macules and ulcerations. The disease presents certain systemic features including diffuse or focal glomerulonephritis and renal failure. The histopathologic characteristics of leukocytoclastic vasculitis in the skin appear primarily in small blood vessels and consist of an infiltration of inflammatory cells, leukoclasis, swelling of endothelial cells, occlusion of blood vessels, accumulation of fibrin and fibrinoid degeneration, as well as the presence of immune complexes in and around blood vessel walls. Although leukocytoclastic vasculitis is described as several diseases which can spread systemically, including the gastrointestinal tract and the kidneys, the manifestations of the disease in the oral cavity have not yet been reported. The present paper reports unique oral lesions in a 38‐yr‐old woman, diagnosed as leukocytoclastic vasculitis, without any accompanying skin or systemic lesions.
Crystalloid granuloma of the parotid gland: a previously undescribed salivary gland lesion
Authors: Takeda Y.
Published: April 2006

This paper reports a case of epithelioid cell granuloma containing numerous crystalloids, found in the parotid region of a 63‐yr‐old man. Histopathologic, histochemical and scanning electron microscopic findings of these crystalloids scattered throughout the lesion were similar to those of previously studied crystalloids in salivary duct cysts. Further, a foreign body reaction to crystalloids was frequently found, such a finding suggests the lesion as a manifestation of a granulomatous reaction to crystalloids formed in the parotid gland, and was diagnosed as crystalloid granuloma of the parotid gland.
Gingival biopsy in diagnosis of inborn storage diseases: a case of aspartylglycosaminuria
Authors: Bonnaure‐Mallet M. , Loiseau‐Corvez M. N. , Goasguen J. , Apiou J. , Jezequel C.
Published: April 2006

The case described is that of a 9‐yr‐old girl presenting with aspartylglycosaminuria. Diagnosis of this lysosomal storage disease was guided by histologic study of gingival specimen sampled in the course of dental care. Transmitted electron microscopy (TEM) revealed many vesicles and cellular inclusions, altered collagenic formations, associated with abnormal extracellular matrix. Gingival biopsy is easily performed, is noniatrogenic, leaves nor scar, and could be properly used to help diagnose metabolic diseases in children.
Oral melanin pigmentation in 467 Thai and Malaysian people with special emphasis on smoker's melanosis
Authors: Hedin C. Anders , Axéll Tony
Published: April 2006

At the faculties of dentistry in Chiang Mai, Thailand (CM), and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (KL), 234 and 233 consecutive out‐patients were interviewed concerning tobacco and chewing habits and examined for the presence of oral melanin pigmentation. Tobacco was regularly used by 32% and 28% of the studied populations in CM and KL. Cigarette smoking was the predominant habit, but the chewing of betel and tea leaves (miang) and the smoking of banana leaf cigars (khi yo) was also registered. The genetically acquired pigmentation dominated. Although nearly all non‐tobacco users in the Malay and Indian populations had oral melanin pigmentation, it was found that tobacco smokers had significantly more oral surfaces pigmented than non‐tobacco users. Among Thais, the percentage of pigmented individuals was significantly higher among tobacco smokers. It was concluded that tobacco smoking stimulates oral melanocytes to a higher melanin production also in dark‐skinned ethnic groups.
Prognostic implication of silver‐binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sano Kazuo , Takahashi Hiroshi , Fujita Shuichi , Inokuchi Tsugio , Pe Michael B. , Okabe Haruo , Tsuda Nobuo
Published: April 2006

Silver‐binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) were counted in sections from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Thirty‐nine cases, that comprised poor prognostic group (n= 19) and good prognostic group (n= 20), were examined with respect to the relation between AgNOR counts and histologic grading, and correlation between AgNOR counts and prognosis. The pooled mean AgNOR counts were: Grade 1 carcinomas, 6.39 ±1.67 (mean ± SD; n= 35); Grade 2, 9.74 ± 1.72 (n= 3). Mean AgNOR count of Grade 3 was 6.19 ± 2.37 (n= 1). The pooled mean AgNOR count in poor prognostic group was higher than that in good prognostic group. Five‐year survival rate of the cases with high AgNOR counts (≥ 6.5) was significantly lower than that with low AgNOR counts (< 6.5). High AgNOR counts are highly suggestive of poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Progeria: report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Yu Qin‐Xi , Zeng Ling‐Hua
Published: April 2006

A case of progeria is reported. The literatures in this topic is reviewed. The oral manifestation of the patients with progeria is summerized.
Lectin histochemistry of cystic jaw lesions: an aid for differential diagnosis between cystic ameloblastoma and odontogenic cysts
Authors: Saku T. , Shibata Y. , Koyama Z. , Cheng J. , Okabe H. , Yen Y.
Published: April 2006

The binding sites for Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA‐I), Bandeirea simplicifolia agglutinin I (BSA‐I), and peanut agglutinin (PNA) were comparatively examined in the surgical materials from 41 cases of cystic and solid ameloblastomas and 42 cases of non‐neoplastic odontogenic cysts including dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, and radicular cyst. In non‐neoplastic cysts, most of epithelial lining layers gave positive binding with UEA‐I and BSA‐I. However, no positive reactions were obtained for these two lectins in the epithelial components of ameloblastoma, except for limited UEA‐I binding to markedly keratinized tumor cells in four cases. PNA binding was irregular and did not make any clear distinction between ameloblastomas and cysts. The results suggest that the lectin staining for UEA‐I and BSA‐I is a useful histologic aid for differential diagnosis between cystic ameloblastoma and non‐neoplastic jaw cysts.
Oral manifestations and dental management of patients with hereditary angioedema
Authors: Atkinson Jane C. , Frank Michael M.
Published: April 2006

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a genetic disorder in which affected individuals develop extensive, spontaneous angioedema of the extremities, gastrointestinal tract, and oropharynx. Dental treatment of unmedicated patients with HAE can trigger life‐threatening pharyngeal edema. Previously, it was demonstrated that the administration of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) before surgery prevented angioedema attacks in 6 patients undergoing dental extractions. The present study examines the long term effectiveness of FFP in preventing angioedema from developing in 53 patients with HAE undergoing all types of dental treatment over a ten‐year period. Only 3 of 45 patients (6.7%) covered with FFP had a minor angioedema attack after dental therapy in 10 yr. No attacks of moderate or severe swelling were seen. Attacks occurred independently of the disease activity of the patient and the trauma of the dental procedure. The use of fresh frozen plasma is effective in preventing attacks of angioedema in HAE patients undergoing all types of dental procedures.
Angular cheilitis in a group of Sri Lankan adults: a clinical and microbiologic study
Authors: Warnakulasuriya K. A. A. S. , Samaranayake L. P. , Peiris J. S. M.
Published: April 2006

The relative importance of various factors in the pathogenesis of angular cheilitis in a population of Sri Lankan adults was studied. Forty‐nine patients with cheilitis were examined clinically and microbiologically. Only 5 of 49 patients were full denture wearers. The clinical presentation of the lesions could be categorized as mild (Type I), moderate (Type II) or severe (Type III) and the duration of the lesions ranged from 1 month to more than 4 yr. Hematologic investigations revealed 18 patients with low hemoglobin 8 of whom had hypochromic, microcytic anaemia. Pathogenic organisms were isolated from 59% of the lesions; Candida spp. in 24 patients and Staph. aureus in 11 patients. A significant positive relationship between commissural leukoplakia and an infective etiology of angles was noted. This study confirms the multifactorial etiology of angular cheilitis while highlighting the varied clinical presentation of the lesions in an Asian population.
Extraction wound healing in desalivated rats
Authors: Bodner Lipa , Dayan Dan , Rothchild Doron , Hammel Ilan
Published: April 2006

Wound licking has been shown to promote extraoral wound healing among animals. Although the oral mucosa is bathed in saliva. Little information about the role of saliva in oral wound healing is found. The present study evaluates the healing of extraction wounds in desalivated rats. Experimental rats underwent sialadenectomy of the submandibular and sublingual glands and ligation of the parotid ducts. Maxillary left first molars were extracted. Rats were killed at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days after surgery and maxillae were prepared for light microscopy examination. Generally, a delay in socket healing in the desalivated rats was found. No differences were observed in blood clot formation. Replacement of the clot by granulation tissue was relatively slow concomitant with a longer inflammatory process. Bone formation kinetics were slower among the experimental rats.
Ameloblastomas originating from odontogenic cysts
Authors: Holmlund A. , Anneroth G. , Lundquist G. , Nordenram Å.
Published: April 2006

Three case histories are presented in which solid intraosseous ameloblastomas developed at the site of histologically verified odontogenic cysts.
Effect of calcitonin on alveolar wound healing
Authors: Ubios A. M. , Furno G. Jares , Guglielmotti M. B.
Published: April 2006

The effect of calcitonin (CT) on alveolar wound healing was studied with histomorphometric methods. Wistar rats weighing 80–90 g were submitted to extraction of the three mandibular molars. Half of them were injected intraperitoneally with daily therapeutic doses of CT. The control group received no further treatment. All the rats were killed 14 days after the onset of the experiment. Bone healing was impaired in CT treated animals and involved a more intense bone remodeling activity. Bone resorptive areas were present both on the profiles of the newly formed bone and on the alveolar ridge surface. These results suggest that CT would accelerate the process of bone healing.
A prospective cohort study of the orofacial effects of vincristine neurotoxicity
Authors: McCarthy G. M. , Skillings J. R.
Published: April 2006

Neurotoxicity is the dose‐limiting side effect of vincristine sulfate. This study was designed to investigate neurotoxicity affecting the head and neck in a population of cancer patients receiving vincristine. Forty patients were given baseline interviews and oral examinations, and these were repeated weekly for the first 7 wk of treatment. Twenty‐six patients (65%) developed symptoms of neurotoxicity: orofacial pain, 22/40 (55%); numbness 1/40 (2.5%); paresthesia 4/40 (10%); difficulty with mastication 1/40 (2.5%); involuntary movements 3/40 (7.5%); and voice changes, 4/40 (10%). Most symptoms occurred in the first week except voice changes (hoarseness and weakness) which did not occur until the third week of treatment. Using Fisher's exact test, neurotoxicity affecting the orofacial area was found to be significantly associated with younger age and single marital status indicating that psychosocial factors may affect susceptibility to the neuro‐toxic effects of vincristine. This prospective cohort study confirms previous anecdotal reports of vincristine neurotoxicity affecting the head and neck.
Cellular differentiation and morphologic heterogeneity in polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma of minor salivary gland
Authors: Norberg Lena E. , Burford‐Mason Aileen P. , Dardick Irving
Published: April 2006

Histologic diversity is intrinsic to salivary gland tumors, but it is a particular feature of polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma as denoted by the terminology. Application of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy to three examples allowed the study of some aspects of tumor cell differentiation in this minor salivary gland lesion. In one case where the tumor cells were cytologically of one type, immunohistochemistry clearly identified both luminal and nonluminal tumor cells, but the latter showed no evidence of myoepithelial cell differentiation. A second case revealed differentiation only of luminal‐type tumor cells, while a third example was largely differentiated as myoepithelial cells but again immunohistochemistry confirmed focal formation of duct‐like structures by luminal epithelium. These cases show a considerable range of tumor cell heterogeneity as well as variations in their organization. This variation in differentiation characteristics underlies the histology of polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinomas, and likely occurs in other salivary gland tumors. To establish specific and reliable diagnostic criteria for such tumors requires awareness of this neoplastic process. The limited malignant potential and excellent survival of patients with polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma is apparently little affected by patterns of differentiation in this particular neoplasm.
Recurrent aphthous ulceration: vitamin B1, B2 and B6 status and response to replacement therapy
Authors: Nolan A. , McIntosh W. B. , Allam B. F. , Lamey P.‐J.
Published: April 2006

An evaluation of the thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine (vitamin B1, B2 and B6) status of 60 patients with recurrent mouth ulcers was performed. Seventeen patients (28.2%) were found to be deficient in one or more of these vitamins. Replacement therapy of these vitamins was given to a study group of deficient patients and a non‐deficient group for one month. At the end of therapy and after a follow‐up period of 3 months, only those patients who had a B complex deficiency had a significant sustained clinical improvement in their mouth ulcers. Vitamin B1, B2 and B6 deficiencies should, therefore, be considered as another possible precipitating factor in recurrent aphthous ulceration.
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. A study of the clinical characteristics of lesions in 93 cases
Authors: Bagán J. V. , Sanchis J. M. , Milián M. A. , Peñarrocha M. , Silvestre F. J.
Published: April 2006

We studied the clinical characteristics of 93 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS); 66 corresponded to minor aphthae (MiRAS). 20 to major aphthae (MaRAS), and 7 to herpes‐like ulcerations (HU). MiRAS was seen to present the lowest rate of recurrences, as well as the shortest duration and the fewest lesions per episode. In turn, MaRAS presented the longest duration per recurrence, along with a number of lesions and recurrences that was lower than in HU but greater than in cases of MiRAS. Finally, HU developed the greatest number of lesions and recurrences. When we classificated RAS according to the rate of episodes, no statistically significant differences were observed among the three types in terms of patient age, number and duration of lesions, or evolution time of the oral disorder.
Alveolar bone remodeling after tooth extraction in normal and osteopetrotic (ia) rats
Authors: Iizuka Tadashi , Miller Scott C. , Marks Sandy C.
Published: April 2006

One of the osteopetrotic mutations in the rat, incisors‐absent (ia), exhibits generalized skeletal sclerosis and failure or delay of tooth eruption, characteristics of other osteopetrotic mutations. Osteopetrosis in ia rats is known to be due to a reduction in bone resorption, the result of the inability of ia osteoclasts to elaborate a ruffled border. During healing of extraction wounds, especially the initial period, osteoclastic resorption of alveolar bone is considered to be a signficant feature, followed by new bone formation. We have studied extraction wound healing in osteopetrotic (ia) rats histologically in order to determine if their systemic reduction in bone resorption changes the sequence or rate of alveolar bone healing within and outside the socket after tooth extraction, In ia rats, the healing process was delayed in comparison to that of normal rats. Many osteoclasts were observed on the surface of alveolar bone, but there was little evidence of resorption. Bone formation in the socket following bone resorption was reduced and the newly formed trabeculae were irregular. In contrast, the quantity of resorption‐independent (periosteal) new bone formation outside the socket was exaggerated compared to normal animals. These data indicate that the disturbance of new bone formation in the socket is probably related to the reduction in osteoclastic bone resorption.
Prevalence of Epstein‐Barr virus and human papillomavirus in oral mucosa of HIV‐Infected patients
Authors: Adler‐Storthz Karen , Ficarra Giuseppe , Woods Kendra V. , Gaglioti Domenico , DiPietro Massimo , Shillitoe Edward J.
Published: April 2006

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) has been implicated in the genesis of oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL). Initially, OHL was also associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) as evidenced by staining with antiserum to papillomavirus common structural antigens and reports of two HPV‐positive OHL as detected by in situ DNA hybridization. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of EBV and HPV DNA in OHL and normal oral mucosa and to explain the basis for the staining of OHL tissues with antibodies to papillomavirus common structural antigens. EBV DNA was detected by in situ hybridization in 47 of 47 cases of OHL from human immunodeficiency virus (HlV)‐seropositive individuals and in 1 of 10 biopsies of clinically normal buccal mucosa from the same group of individuals. Twenty‐five of 35 OHL specimens stained with antibody to papillomavirus common structural antigens. There was no staining of two EBV‐containing lymphoblastoid lines, indicating that the staining with anti‐papillomavirus antibody was not due to antigenic cross‐reactivity with EBV antigens. HPV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction amplification in 10 of 18 OHL specimens and in 6 of 10 normal buccal mucosa specimens. Our results indicate that EBV and HPV are present frequently in OHL and that HPV can be found regularly in histologically normal mucosa.
Histopathologic and ultrastructural studies of oral mucosa with Candida infection
Authors: Nagai Yoshinori , Takeshita Nobuyoshi , Saku Takashi
Published: April 2006

Eighteen oral mucosal biopsies with Candida infection were studied with light and electron microscopy. Under light microscopy, candidal infected oral mucosa was classified with epithelial hyperplasia, 15 cases and epithelial dysplasia, three cases. Four of 15 epithelial hyperplasias showed marked parakeratosis, and high grade acanthosis with many eosinophilic cells in the spinous cell layers. Epithelial dysplasia was characterized by atrophy of the spinous cell layers and increased nucleocytoplasmic ratio in the basal cell layers. Ultrastructurally, candidal infected oral mucosa showed numerous small desmosomes and the interdigitation of cytoplasmic membranes between spinous cells in both epithelial hyperplasia and epithelial dysplasia. Moreover, eosinophilic spinous cells, observed predominantly in epithelial hyperplasia showed intricate arrangement of dense tonofibrils. These ultrastructural findings seemed to give rise to mechanical strength between spinous cells in oral mucous epithelium with Candida infection. Results in this study suggest that excessive hyperplasia of candidal infected oral mucosa might be a protective reaction to the invasion of candidal pseudohyphae, but not associated with precancerous conditions.
Longitudinal study of parotid saliva in HIV‐1 infection
Authors: Mandel Irwin D. , Barr Charles E. , Turgeon Lyvia
Published: April 2006

Parotid flow rate and chemistry of 78 HIV+ gay/bisexual men and 27 HIV‐ gay/bisexual controls were compared on a longitudinal basis at 4‐month intervals over a 1 yr period for changes indicative of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases of the salivary glands, or reduced protective capacity toward oral opportunistic infection. Parotid saliva was examined for concentrations of sodium, chloride, phosphate, total protein, lysozyme, lactoferrin, secretory IgA, salivary peroxidase, histatin and albumin. Chloride, lysozyme and peroxidase were significantly higher in HIV+ at all 3 examinations and increased in concentration over time. Although mean values for stimulated flow rate were not significantly different in the two groups over the year, there was a significant increase in the number of HIV+ with reduced flow over time. In 6% of HIV+ there was a marked reduction in flow rate and Sjögren's syndrome‐like elevations in parotid chemistry but no enlargement. At all examinations low flow rate was significantly related to oral candidiasis; T4 levels were inversely related to oral candidiasis, but not to concentration of salivary components or flow rate; nor was AZT use. As a group the HIV+ patients maintained normal flow rate and secreted normal or elevated concentrations of protective proteins. A subgroup, however, exhibited diminished flow over time and an increasing tendency to oral candidiasis and a diminution in output of histatins.
Point mutations in the Ha‐ras oncogene are detectable in formalin‐fixed tissues of oral squamous cell carcinomas, but are infrequent in British cases
Authors: Warnakulasuriya K. A. A. S. , Chang S. E. , Johnson N. W.
Published: April 2006

Oncogene expression in human neoplasia has been examined extensively in the past decade. More recently the advent of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has facilitated studies of oncogenes and other DNA structures. Those few studies which have so far searched for oncogene changes in oral cancer have utilized frozen specimens. We report here an adaptation of the PCR technique applicable to DNA extracted from archival specimens. Our data complement recent findings that Ha‐ras mutations are infrequent in oral squamous cell carcinomas among white caucasoid populations.
Expression of collagenase and potential transcriptional factors c‐fos and egr‐1 in periodontal gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Trabandt A. , Gay R. E. , Sukhatme V. P. , Gay S.
Published: April 2006

In view of the important role of fibroblast‐type collagenase in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease (PD), we investigated the expression of this metalloproteinase in primary cultures of non‐stimulated fibroblasts dissected from gingival tissues of patients with generalized moderate and localized severe chronic adult PD. Enhanced hybridization signals for collagenase RNA were observed in 8/8 PD‐cases when compared with equivalent RNA amounts extracted from normal fibroblasts. Since both the proto‐oncogene c‐fos and the “early growth response” gene egr‐1 might be involved in the transcriptional regulation of the collagenase gene expression in vivo, we also compared the relative expression of both potential transcriptional factors with collagenase RNA in the same fibroblast cytoplasmic extracts. Hybridization signals indicated elevated RNA amounts for c‐fos in 8/8 PD‐cases and for egr‐1 in 7/8 PD‐cases when compared with the cells from non‐inflamed tissue. In periodontitis gingival tissue specimens, immunolocalization of collagenase could be confirmed in fibroblasts, macrophages and epithelial cells in situ. Collagenase label was not widely distributed within the tissues, but concentrated at the interface between epithelium and connective tissue. The data provide the first evidence that gingival fibroblasts producing elevated levels of collagenase RNA amounts express also c‐fos and egr‐1 indicating a crucial role for both genes in cellular proliferation and collagenase expression in gingival and periodontal tissue destruction in vivo.
Ameloblastoma with dentinoid induction: dentinoameloblastoma
Authors: Slabbert H. , Altini M. , Crooks J. , Uys P.
Published: April 2006

Ameloblastomas do not generally show evidence of induction, however rare cases associated with an odontome have been reported, and are referred to as odontoameloblastotoma. In this paper the first known case of an ameloblastoma showing evidence of induction of dentinoid by tumor cells but without concomitant formation of enamel is recorded. The lesion occurred in the angle and rarnus of the mandible of a 24‐yr‐old Asian man and was largely unicystic. In one area however, solid tumor was present which consisted both of infiltrating follicles of typical ameloblastoma tissue and solid sheets of ovoid to spindle cells containing abundant amounts of a homogenous eosinophilic extracellular material, interpreted as dentinoid, and psammamomatous type dystrophic calcifications. Electron microscopic examination of formalin‐fixed tissue showed this dentinoid material to consist of interlacing collagen fibrils embedded in a structureless ground substance. At the periphery of the dentinoid globules the collagen fibres were arranged in parallel layers. A final diagnosis of dentinoameloblastoma was made.
Southern blot hybridization and PCR in detection of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in women with genital HPV infections
Authors: Kellokoski J. K. , Syrjänen S. M. , Chang F. , Yliskoski M. , Syrjänen K. J.
Published: April 2006

The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in biopsies taken from clinically normal buccal mucosa (n= 212) and clinical lesions (n= 60) was examined by Southern blot hybridization (SBH) using 32P‐labelled HPV DNA probes. Furthermore, one hundred formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded biopsies were analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). combined with dot blot hybridization and biotinylated HPV DNA probes. With SBH and PCR, 15.4% and 29.4% of the biopsies, respectively, contained HPV DNA. In clinically normal epithelium, 15.6% and 23.1% of the samples were HPV‐positive with SBH and PCR, respectively. The HPV types detected in the genital and oral mucosa of index patients differed in all except two cases. Histology could not be relied on distinguishing HPV DNA positive and HPV DNA negative samples. Hand warts were encountered significantly more frequently in patients with a concomitant oral HPV infection. To conclude, oral HPV infections as detected by SBH and PCR arc surprisingly common, but similar to the genital tract, the virus seems to exist in a latent form in the vast majority of cases. The frequent concomitant finding of skin warts and oral HPV infection may suggest some kind of HPV‐specific immuno‐suppression.
Oral Histoplasma capsulatum infection in association with HIV infection: a case report
Authors: Heinic Gad S. , Greenspan Deborah , MacPhail Laurie A. , Schiødt Morten , Miyasaki Shelley H. , Kaufman Leo , Greenspan John S.
Published: April 2006

The fungus Histoplasma capsulatum causes histoplasmosis, the most common endemic respiratory mycosis in the United States. Disseminated histoplasmosis in adults is often associated with immunosuppression, such as occurs in HIV infection. We report a case of oral histoplasmosis in an HIV‐seropositive patient who presented with an ulceration on the left tip of the tongue, extending to the floor of the mouth, but was otherwise free of any active systemic disease. Histoplasma capsulatum was shown, by both histopathology and staining with a fluorescent antibody reagent specific for the organism, to be present in the lesion and was deduced to be the causative organism.