bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Cardiac Cell Culture on Nanofiber Bundle Substrates for the Investigation of Cell Morphology and Contraction
Authors: Liu Xia , Xu Sixing , Kuang Xuanlin , Wang Xiaohong
Published: May 2017

Cardiac failure is a quite severe condition that can result in life-threatening consequences. Cardiac tissue engineering is thought to be one of the most promising technologies to reconstruct damaged cardiac muscles and facilitate myocardial tissue regeneration. We report a new nanofiber bundle substrate for three-dimensional (3D) cardiac cell culture as a platform to investigate cell morphology and contraction. Polymeric nanofiber bundles with various patterns act as physical cues to align the cardiac cell sheets. Comparing the uniaxial alignment with the randomly distributed pattern, we found that the bundles with the former pattern have more “grooves” for the settlement of cardiomyocytes in a 3D structure than the latter. The cardiomyocytes loaded on the aligned nanofiber bundles tend to grow along the fiber axis. The interfacial structure between a single cardiomyocyte in the cardiac cell sheet and the attached nanofibers was observed using environmental scanning electron microscope. Immunofluorescence imaging showed that the uniaxially aligned nanofibers greatly promoted cell attachment and alignment of the cardiomyocytes because of the matching morphology between the nanofiber pattern and the biological components. Moreover, we concluded that the aligned polymeric nanofibers could be a promising substrate suitable for the anisotropic contraction of cardiac cell sheets.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Properties of Ferrocenyl Bis-Amide Derivatives Yielded via the Ugi Four-Component Reaction
Authors: Zhao Mei , Shao Guang-Kui , Huang Dan-Dan , Lv Xue-Xin , Guo Dian-Shun
Published: May 2017

Ten ferrocenyl bis-amide derivatives were successfully synthesized via the Ugi four-component reaction by treating ferrocenecarboxylic acid with diverse aldehydes, amines, and isocyanides in methanol solution. Their chemical structures were fully characterized by IR, NMR, HR-MS, and X-ray diffraction analyses. They feature unique molecular morphologies and create a 14-membered ring motif in the centro-symmetric dimers generated in the solid state. Moreover, the electrochemical behavior of these ferrocenyl bis-amides was assessed by cyclic voltammetry.
Characterization and Interrelations of One-Carbon Metabolites in Tissues, Erythrocytes, and Plasma in Mice with Dietary Induced Folate Deficiency
Authors: Kopp Markus , Morisset Rosalie , Rychlik Michael
Published: May 2017

Studies on one-carbon metabolism for the assessment of folate deficiency have focused on either metabolites of folate metabolism or methionine cycle. To bridge the gap between deficiency markers in these pathways we designed a dietary induced folate deficiency study using male C57BL/6N mice. After weaning (3 weeks) mice were fed a defined control diet (1 week) before being fed a folate deficient diet (n = 6 mice) and the control diet (n = 6 mice) for 12 additional weeks. Thereafter, we determined total homocysteine in plasma and folate in erythrocytes as well as S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, and six folate vitamers in tissues including 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate, tetrahydrofolate, 10-formylfolic acid, and folic acid by means of stable isotope dilution assays coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. In all organs, except heart (mainly 5-mehtyltetrahydrofolate), tetrahydrofolate constitutes the main vitamer. Moreover, in liver tetrahydrofolate was most abundant followed by 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (heart: tetrahydrofolate), 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, and 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate. Because of the significant decrease (p < 0.05) of folate status and S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio accompanied with increasing S-adenosylhomocysteine (p < 0.05), hepatocytes are most susceptible to folate deficiency. To the best of our knowledge, we herein present the first method for simultaneous quantitation of eight metabolites for both folate and methionine cycle in one tissue sample, tHcy in plasma, and erythrocyte folate to shed light on physiological interrelations of one-carbon metabolism.
Image Registration and Fusion of Visible and Infrared Integrated Camera for Medium-Altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing
Authors: Li Hongguang , Ding Wenrui , Cao Xianbin , Liu Chunlei
Published: May 2017

This study proposes a novel method for image registration and fusion via commonly used visible light and infrared integrated cameras mounted on medium-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).The innovation of image registration lies in three aspects. First, it reveals how complex perspective transformation can be converted to simple scale transformation and translation transformation between two sensor images under long-distance and parallel imaging conditions. Second, with the introduction of metadata, a scale calculation algorithm is designed according to spatial geometry, and a coarse translation estimation algorithm is presented based on coordinate transformation. Third, the problem of non-strictly aligned edges in precise translation estimation is solved via edge–distance field transformation. A searching algorithm based on particle swarm optimization is introduced to improve efficiency. Additionally, a new image fusion algorithm is designed based on a pulse coupled neural network and nonsubsampled contourlet transform to meet the special requirements of preserving color information, adding infrared brightness information, improving spatial resolution, and highlighting target areas for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications. A medium-altitude UAV is employed to collect datasets. The result is promising, especially in applications that involve other medium-altitude or high-altitude UAVs with similar system structures.
Using Remote-Sensing Environmental and Fishery Data to Map Potential Yellowfin Tuna Habitats in the Tropical Pacific Ocean
Authors: Lan Kuo-Wei , Shimada Teruhisa , Lee Ming-An , Su Nan-Jay , Chang Yi
Published: May 2017

Changes in marine environments affect fishery resources at different spatial and temporal scales in marine ecosystems. Predictions from species distribution models are available to parameterize the environmental characteristics that influence the biology, range, and habitats of the species of interest. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to two spatiotemporal fishery data sources, namely 1° spatial grid and observer record longline fishery data from 2006 to 2010, to investigate the relationship between catch rates of yellowfin tuna and oceanographic conditions by using multispectral satellite images and to develop a habitat preference model. The results revealed that the cumulative deviances obtained using the selected GAMs were 33.6% and 16.5% in the 1° spatial grid and observer record data, respectively. The environmental factors in the study were significant in the selected GAMs, and sea surface temperature explained the highest deviance. The results suggest that areas with a higher sea surface temperature, a sea surface height anomaly of approximately −10.0 to 20 cm, and a chlorophyll-a concentration of approximately 0.05–0.25 mg/m3 yield higher catch rates of yellowfin tuna. The 1° spatial grid data had higher cumulative deviances, and the predicted relative catch rates also exhibited a high correlation with observed catch rates. However, the maps of observer record data showed the high-quality spatial resolutions of the predicted relative catch rates in the close-view maps. Thus, these results suggest that models of catch rates of the 1° spatial grid data that incorporate relevant environmental variables can be used to infer possible responses in the distribution of highly migratory species, and the observer record data can be used to detect subtle changes in the target fishing grounds.
Non-Uniform Fusion Tree Generation in a Dynamic Multi-Sensor System
Authors: Yeun Kyuoke , Kim Daeyoung
Published: May 2017

This paper addresses the proposal that the number of processed air tracks of a two-tier fusion process can be increased by applying a balanced fusion tree which can balance tracks across local fusion nodes. Every fusion cycle, a fusion process combines duplicate tracks from multiple radars and creates a single integrated air picture (SIAP). The two-tier fusion process divides the fusion process into local and global. The results of the local fusion process, executed at local fusion nodes, are used in the global fusion process. This hierarchical structure can be modeled as a fusion tree: each radar, local fusion node, and the central server is a leaf, internode, and the root, respectively. This paper presents a non-uniform fusion tree generation (NU-FTG) algorithm based on clustering approach. In the NU-FTG, radars with higher scores get more chances to become local fusion nodes. The score of a radar is in proportion to the number of tracks of the radar and its neighbors. All radars execute the NU-FTG independently with the information of their neighbors. Any prior information, such as the appropriate number of local fusion nodes, predefined tree structure, or position of radars, is not required. The NU-FTG is evaluated in the OPNET (Optimized Network Engineering Tool), network simulator. Simulation results show that the NU-FTG performs better than existing clustering methods.
‘No, My Husband Isn’t Dead, [But] One Has to Re-Invent Sexuality’: Reading Erica Jong for the Future of Aging
Authors: Stončikaitė Ieva
Published: May 2017

New biomedicalized forms of longevity, anti-aging ideals, and the focus on successful aging have permeated the current sociocultural and political climate, and will affect the future of aging. This article examines changing attitudes towards sexual practices and the perception of sexuality in later years, as exemplified in Erica Jong’s middle and late life works and interviews. Instead of succumbing to anti-aging culture and biomedicalization of sex in old age, Jong reveals alternative ways of exploring sexual practices in older age, and challenges a pharmaceutical market that promotes the consumption of medication to enhance the idea of virility and ‘sexual fitness’ in older men. Jong’s work undoes the narrative of decline that portrays older individuals as sexually inactive and frail, and, at the same time, shows that the interest in sexual intercourse and the erect phallus gradually becomes less important as people grow older. This qualitative narrative analysis opens the discussion for reconsideration of late-life sexuality beyond biomedical understandings of late-life sex and old age. The study also reveals how a literary approach can provide alterative and more realistic perspectives towards sexual experiences in later stages of life that can have significant implications for healthcare policy and the future of aging.
Lessons for Responsible Innovation in the Business Context: A Systematic Literature Review of Responsible, Social and Sustainable Innovation Practices
Authors: Lubberink Rob , Blok Vincent , Van Ophem Johan , Omta Onno
Published: May 2017

This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing conceptual debate on responsible innovation, and provides innovation practices and processes that can help to implement responsible innovation in the business context. Based on a systematic literature review of 72 empirical scholarly articles, it was possible to identify, analyse and synthesise empirical findings reported in studies on social, sustainable and responsible innovation practices in the business context. The synthesis of the included articles resulted in a refined framework for responsible innovation in the business context. This framework includes an overview of innovation practices and processes that can enhance the dimensions of responsible innovation: anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion, deliberation, responsiveness and knowledge management. Additionally, knowledge gaps are identified and a research agenda for responsible innovation is proposed. This review can therefore serve as a next step in the theoretical and practical development of responsible innovation in general, and in the business context in particular.
Establishment of the Sustainable Ecosystem for the Regional Shipping Industry Based on System Dynamics
Authors: Geng Xiaoqiao , Wen Yuanqiao , Zhou Chunhui , Xiao Changshi
Published: May 2017

The rapid development of the shipping industry has brought great economic benefits but at a great environmental cost; exhaust emissions originating from ships are increasing, causing serious atmospheric pollution. Hence, the mitigation of ship exhaust emissions and the establishment of the sustainable ecosystem have become urgent tasks, which will require complicated and comprehensive systematic approaches to solve. We address this problem by establishing a System Dynamics (SD) model to help mitigate regional ship exhaust emissions without restricting economic growth and promote the development of the sustainable ecosystem. Factors correlated with ship exhaust emissions are identified, and a causal loop diagram is drawn to describe the complicated interrelations among the correlated factors. Then, a stock-and-flow diagram is designed and variable equations and parameter values are determined to quantitatively describe the dynamic relations among different elements. After verifying the effectiveness of the model, different scenarios for the sustainable development in the study area were set by changing the values of the controlling variables. The variation trends of the exhaust emissions and economic benefits for Qingdao port under different scenarios were predicted for the years 2015–2025. By comparing the simulation results, the effects of different sustainable development measures were analyzed, providing a reference for the promotion of the harmonious development of the regional environment and economy.
Complex Dynamics Induced by Nonlinear Pollution Absorption, Pollution Emission Rate and Effectiveness of Abatement Technology in an OLG Model
Authors: Cao Dong , Wang Lin , Wang Shouyang
Published: May 2017

In this work, nonlinear pollution absorption, emission rate, and effectiveness of abatement technology are incorporated into the classic overlapping generation model. Within this framework, we analyze the macroeconomic effects of pollution emission and abatement technology on the economy. Our findings reveal that different levels of pollution emission rates from per capita income and the effectiveness of abatement technology could induce complex dynamical behavior, including the occurrence of a stable equilibrium, cycles, and chaos. Our analysis shows that either the pollution emission rate per capita income should be controlled to be small enough or the effectiveness of abatement technology should be large enough to maintain a stable system yielding high level of per capita income. A high level of pollution emission rate per capita income and a low level of effectiveness of abatement technology can lead to a stable economy, but with a low level of per capita income. In the case that the pollution emission rate and the effectiveness of abatement technology vary in a certain range, the economy would become unstable, and cycles and chaos would emerge.
Spatial Prediction of Soil Organic Matter Using a Hybrid Geostatistical Model of an Extreme Learning Machine and Ordinary Kriging
Authors: Song Ying-Qiang , Yang Lian-An , Li Bo , Hu Yue-Ming , Wang An-Le , Zhou Wu , Cui Xue-Sen , Liu Yi-Lun
Published: May 2017

An accurate estimation of soil organic matter (SOM) content for spatial non-point prediction is an important driving force for the agricultural carbon cycle and sustainable productivity. This study proposed a hybrid geostatistical method of extreme learning machine-ordinary kriging (ELMOK), to predict the spatial variability of the SOM content. To assess the feasibility of ELMOK, a case study was conducted in a regional scale study area in Shaanxi Province, China. A total of 472 topsoil (0–20 cm) samples were collected. A total of 14 auxiliary variables (predictors) were obtained from remote sensing data and environmental factors. The proposed method was compared with the ability of traditional geostatistical methods such as simple kriging (SK) and ordinary kriging (OK), in addition to hybrid geostatistical methods such as regression-ordinary kriging (ROK) and artificial neural network-ordinary kriging (ANNOK). The results showed that the extreme learning machines (ELM) model used principal components (PCs) as input variables, and performed better than both multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models. Compared with geostatistical and hybrid geostatistical prediction methods of SOM spatial distribution, the ELMOK model had the highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.671) and ratio of performance to deviation (RPD = 2.05), as well as the lowest root mean square error (RMSE = 1.402 g kg−1). In conclusion, the application of remote sensing imagery and environmental factors has a deeper driven significance of a non-linear and multi-dimensional hierarchy relationship for explaining the spatial variability of SOM, tracing local carbon sink and high quality SOM maps. More importantly, it is possibly concluded that the sustainable monitoring of SOM is a significant process through the pixel-based revisit sampling, an analysis of the mapping results of SOM, and methodological integration, which is the primary step in spatial variations and time series. The proposed ELMOK methodology is a promising and effective approach which can play a vital role in predicting the spatial variability of SOM at a regional scale.
Trend Analysis of Water Poverty Index for Assessment of Water Stress and Water Management Polices: A Case Study in the Hexi Corridor, China
Authors: Huang Shan , Feng Qi , Lu Zhixiang , Wen Xiaohu , Deo Ravinesh
Published: May 2017

The Hexi Corridor, an important part of the Silk Road Economic Belt, is considered the poorest, most water scarce, and most ecologically fragile area in China. Establishing efficient strategies for water management in an integrated manner is utterly important. This paper evaluates the spatio-temporal trends of water stress (2003–2015) in the Shule (SLRB), Heihe (HHRB), and Shiyang (SYRB) River Basins in the Hexi Corridor based on the Water Poverty Index (WPI). For SLRB, the WPI ranged from 55.3 to 66.4, followed by HHRB (40.1–58.2) and SYRB with WPI = 20.0–43.9. Both SYRB and HHRB showed an improvement in the water situation based on increasing trends, whereas SLRB demonstrated a small decrease. The effectiveness of water policy interventions was evident in SYRB and HHRB, standing at odds with SLRB where interventions required adjustment to ameliorate the water stress. For the start and end years, pentagrams for five components (Resource, Access, Capacity, Use, Environment) demonstrated the merits and weaknesses of WPI as a comparative framework for assessing the water situation. This study also reaffirms the importance of WPI, utilized for investigating the efficacy of implemented water policies and benchmarking the future priorities in basins not only in China but also in other locations where water resources management is a key issue.
L’apogée de la libre pensée en Islam
Authors: Citot Vincent
Published: May 2017

La philosophie arabe médiévale est surtout connue par les grands auteurs que sont Al-Fârâbî, Avicenne, Al-Ghazâlî, Ibn Bâjja, Averroès ou Sohrawardi. On l’identifie souvent avec la falsafa , c’est-à-dire avec celle qui trouve dans la pensée hellénique et hellénistique sa principale source d’inspiration. Cette identification tend à occulter des périodes d’une densité exceptionnelle du point de vue de l’audace intellectuelle et de la créativité philosophique : celles qui précèdent Al-Fârâbî pour l’Islam oriental, et Ibn Bâjja pour l’Islam andalou. L’apogée de la libre pensée en Islam est antérieur à la constitution des grands systèmes philosophiques.
« Une vie psychique est une vie dans le temps »
Authors: Kristeva Julia , Coblence Françoise , Montes de Oca Marcela
Published: May 2017

Dans cet entretien, Julia Kristeva aborde ce qui constitue pour elle l’apport spécifique de la psychanalyse dans la culture actuelle, face aux mutations anthropologiques du rapport au temps, de la redistribution de la différence sexuelle et de la résurgence du continent religieux. Elle insiste sur l’importance à accorder au besoin de croire pour ­comprendre « la maladie d’idéalité » de l’adolescence et sur la souplesse à apporter au cadre analytique face à ces nouvelles maladies de l’âme.
Au carrefour des cultures monothéistes, la psychanalyse au Liban. Du conflictuel au dialectique
Authors: Khoury Maurice
Published: May 2017

Le développement de la psychanalyse au Liban s’inscrit sur la toile de fond que constitue son arrière-plan historique et culturel, au carrefour des religions monothéistes qui le composent. Sans pour autant rencontrer les mêmes résistances présentes dans d’autres pays arabes voisins, la psychanalyse a évolué avec un travail de culture qui ne peut advenir sans prendre en considération les préjugés, croyances, conflits et aménagements qui constituent l’essence de ce pays. L’auteur tente d’examiner ce travail en considérant aussi la culture hébraïque – et son articulation au conflit israélo-arabe –, comme absent-présent dans l’implantation et le développement de la psychanalyse dans la région.
« Scruter le chaos intime des êtres ». Entretien avec Stéphane Braunschweig
Authors: Coblence Françoise , Montes de Oca Marcela
Published: May 2017

Dans cet entretien, Stéphane Braunschweig, directeur de l’Odéon-Théâtre de l’Europe, aborde la place de l’inconscient dans ses mises en scène et scénographies de théâtre et d’opéra. Les inconscients mis en jeu sont multiples : celui des personnages, celui véhiculé par la scénographie, par la musique, celui du texte, celui du spectateur. Traduction, scénographie, interprétation ont pour fonction d’éclairer les éléments implicites d’une œuvre, d’en dégager une justesse, à distance d’une transparence simplificatrice, et le spectateur a la liberté d’en poursuivre la compréhension.
L’enfer du musicien
Authors: Havas Roland
Published: May 2017

Toute musique ramène inévitablement à la voix de la mère. L’auditeur mais aussi l’interprète et le compositeur seront donc confrontés à ce que cette voix ­comporte de signifiants énigmatiques, porteurs du traumatiques. Les formes musicales – la culture ? – seront dès lors l’aboutissement d’une construction anti-traumatique permettant la « domestication » de l’univers sonore.
Prendre sa place dans la société
Authors: Fejtö Kalyane
Published: May 2017

Dans la perspective de repérer les enjeux pulsionnels individuels impliqués dans le fait de prendre sa place dans la société, nous nous interrogerons sur la possibilité d’une prise en compte psychanalytique de la réalité des déterminations sociales sur lesquelles sont centrées les études sociologiques.
Celebrar el futuro, venerar la Monarquía. El nacimiento del heredero y el punto de fuga ceremonial de la monarquía isabelina (1857-1858)
Authors: San Narciso Martín David
Published: May 2017

La Monarquía tuvo un papel esencial en el siglo XIX, adaptándose a las nuevas circunstancias políticas, social y culturales que el liberalismo fue planteando. De esta forma, participó directamente en la conformación de las identidades políticas y culturales. Este artículo propone incorporar el estudio de la institución monárquica en una interpretación sociopolítica y cultural que enfatiza el juego entre su poder político y simbólico, respondiendo a su plasticidad y capacidad de supervivencia. Para ello, introduce el estudio de las ceremonias como un espacio privilegiado para analizar sus discursos y representaciones, así como sus fuentes de legitimidad, su recepción popular y su interiorización. Desde esta perspectiva se analizan las cesuras ceremoniales que trajeron el nacimiento del príncipe Alfonso en 1857: la presentación y el bautizo del recién nacido, la salida pública a la Basílica de Atocha y la confirmación en Covadonga. Utilizando estos momentos, analizamos el desarrollo ceremonial, los discursos generados en torno al evento y las respuestas sociales que dichos eventos suscitaron, imbricando el nacimiento del heredero a la Corona española dentro de la elaboración de la identidad nacional y de género.
Two Lives of Developmentalism: A Polanyian View from Turkey
Authors: Buğra Ayşe
Published: May 2017

Developmentalism refers to a particular ideology marked by a sense of inevitability about the nature of historical change and to political interventions to implement particular strategies of development. The paradox between the ideology of development and development policy challenges the notion of market-led economic progress that proceeds without government intervention and is closely related to social conflicts engendered by economic progress. This chapter approaches capitalism as a socio-economic order where the idea of progress is central to the ideological universe. It also highlights the historically changing and societally different characteristics of capitalism that affect its ideological universe and determine the way conflicts engendered by progress are handled through political intervention. It argues that the concept of developmentalism needs to be examined with reference to the political choices that are situated in different historical varieties of capitalism and that differ in the ways in which they shape the character of economic processes and in their impact on the life and livelihood of the individual. This argument is situated in an analytical frame built by drawing on Karl Polanyi’s work and by remembering the historical trends in development economics, and is developed through a case study on Turkey that shows the variations in the relationship between the economy and politics in different historical periods.
Resisting Neo-Liberal SkylinesSocial Mobilisations and Entrepreneurial Urban Development in Tel Aviv
Authors: Kemp Adriana , Margalit Talia
Published: May 2017

The article examines recent social mobilisations against the planning and building of towers in Tel Aviv to address ongoing debates over the impact of social activism on the neo-liberalisation of urban development in times of neoliberalism’s “legitimation crisis.” Contrary to binary views of “neoliberalism vs. resistance” prevalent in scholarly debates, we look into the uneven ways in which urban mobilisations are conditioned by local configurations of neo-liberalisation, and how, in their turn, they affect neo-liberal practices as they oscillate between resistance and integration. Based on empirical analysis, we argue that while recent mobilisations introduced novel claims and tactics against the institutional methods and decisions that produce urban space, and succeeded in politicizing towers as the flagship of neoliberal urban development, their actions have been reinserted in the deepening neo-liberalisation of the city. Our findings raise broader insights about the ways in which neo-liberalisation processes sit inside society and not above it, as they shape the actors concerned, their positions, and their visions of development.
Charity and Commercial Success as Vectors of Asymmetry and Inequality: The Unconceptualised Elements of Development in Islamist Sudan during the First Republic
Authors: Chevrillon-Guibert Raphaëlle
Published: May 2017

The Sudanese Islamist experiment is far from having put an end to the conflict-ridden history of the country, despite the South achieving independence in July 2011. However, a higher degree of regional integration outside the South was one of the stated aims of the Islamists when they came to power in 1989. This chapter will investigate the apparent paradox by exploring the experiments in development undertaken by Sudanese Islamists during their first republic (1989-2011) on the basis of the study of certain social practices they actively encouraged, namely evergetism and philanthropy. It is based on an analysis of the charitable practices carried out by the main traders in the Sudanese capital’s principal market during the Islamist regime. The regional –more specifically Darfurian– origin of most of these main traders makes it possible to compare what these practices produce in each different territory. The chapter shows that this encouragement, which is not part of any specific plan thought up by the Islamists, leads to different forms of development that vary depending on the local and human contexts in which the actors live, and also the way they conceive their roles within the circles to which they belong. It then highlights how these variations produce extremely disparate and often conflict-ridden results, which ultimately pursue the asymmetric formation of the Sudanese state, prolonging a historical trajectory that has produced injustice and generated conflict (Figure 11.1).
War and State (Re)Construction in Afghanistan: Conflicts of Tradition or Conflicts of Development?
Authors: Adelkhah Fariba
Published: May 2017

Foreign aid provided for the (re)construction of the Afghan state since 2001 has, paradoxically, intensified the ‘ethnicisation’ and sectarianisation of economic and political relations, contradicting the criteria of good governance advocated by donors. Conflicts apparently related to tradition and identity have become more common and indeed point to more fundamental contradictions between the culturalist representation of Afghan society and the effects of the country’s integration into the world capitalist economy. Thus, viewing Islamic radicalisation, ethnic polarisation or tribal atavism as responsible for the social and political violence in Afghanistan gives an incomplete picture of the situation as it ignores transformations in society and the new challenges of this supposedly traditional conflict.
The Muslim Brotherhood’s ‘Virtuous society’ and State Developmentalism in Egypt: the Politics of ‘Goodness’
Authors: Vannetzel Marie
Published: May 2017

The rise of Islamists in Arab countries has often been explained by their capacity to offer an alternative path of development, based on a religious vision and on a parallel welfare sector, challenging post-independence developmentalist states. Taking the case of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, and building on ethnographic fieldwork, this chapter aims to contribute to this debate, exploring how conflict and cooperation were deeply intertwined in the relationships between this movement and Mubarak's regime. Rather than postulating any structural polarisation, or—in contrast—any simplistic authoritarian coalition, the author argues that the vision of two models of development opposing one another unravels when we move from abstract approaches towards empirical studies. On the ground, both the Muslim Brotherhood and the former regime elites participated in what the author calls the politics of ‘goodness’ (khayr), which she defines as a conflictual consensus built on entrenched welfare networks, and on an imaginary matrix mixing various discursive repertoires of state developmentalism and religious welfare. The chapter also elaborates an interpretative framework to aid understanding of the sudden rise and fall of the Brotherhood in the post-2011 period, showing that, beyond its failure, what is at stake is the breakdown of the politics of ‘goodness’ altogether.
Le paradoxe de la gestion des espaces verts : entre volonté de maîtrise et laissez-faire
Authors: Rouadjia Anna
Published: May 2017

La gestion différenciée des espaces verts urbains suggérée par les principes du développement durable suppose non seulement un changement de pratiques, mais aussi une transformation du regard porté sur la nature urbanisée. Il s'agit ainsi de passer de la maîtrise du vivant à l'accompagnement et au ménagement de la nature. À Marseille, prédomine paradoxalement une politique urbaine libérale non interventionniste que contredit une culture urbanistique de la maîtrise et un goût pour l'ordre. De ce fait, ces nouvelles politiques de gestion se révèlent être à la fois source de conflits entre acteurs locaux et une opportunité pour valoriser l'image de la ville. La réception sociale de ces politiques apparaît aux habitants tel un prétexte pour justifier la continuité de pratiques d'aménagement assimilées à un désengagement des pouvoirs publics, qu'illustre le recul plus général de la place des espaces verts en ville. Cet article vise à analyser les obstacles à l'émergence de cette culture écologique naissante, dont l'instrumentalisation des termes tend à favoriser l'entretien d'inégalités environnementales.
Subsidizing Test Prep
Authors: Tingle Maxwell
Published: May 2017

Subsidizing Test Prep is a policy proposal that addresses racial and income disparities in collegegoing and college success. Standardized tests are intended to measure college preparedness but have instead become measures of income, as students who can afford higher-quality test prep tend to receive higher scores. In effect, low-income students have comparatively lower standardized test scores and subsequently face lower rates of college-going and college-success. A national subsidy of standardized test prep will try to: 1) mitigate racial and income disparities in college-going and college success, 2) equalize opportunity for lowincome students in college admissions, and 3) help make standardized tests an indicator of achievement rather than income. I argue that the policy is politically feasible and project that it will cost approximately $360 million annually. The subsidy has the potential to be more efficient, in its effect and cost, than similar policies and programs.
Salmonella in Indian ready-to-cook poultry: antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization
Authors: Gautam Raj Kamal , Kakatkar Aarti S. , Karani Manisha N. , R. Shashidhar , Bandekar Jayant R.
Published: May 2017

The availability and popularity of processed, ready-to-cook (RTC) poultry products are increasing in India. Though fresh poultry is known to be contaminated with Salmonella, the prevalence of this foodborne pathogen in RTC poultry products is not reported. Eighty-seven chilled and frozen RTC poultry samples of 4 different brands obtained from supermarkets and departmental stores in Mumbai were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella. The prevalence of Salmonella was higher (51%) in chilled RTC samples as compared to the frozen RTC samples (5%). The frozen RTC samples of one brand were free from Salmonella. S. Typhimurium (75.2%) was the most prevalent serovar, followed by S. Enteritidis (23%) and S. Weltevreden (1.7%). A high percentage (81.4%) of the isolates were found to be resistant to 5 or more antibiotics and class 1 integron, which has been shown to confer multi-drug resistance, was detected in 69.9% of the isolates. Multiple antibiotic resistance index of isolates was high (0.6) indicating the indiscriminate use of antibiotics during poultry farming. High genetic diversity was observed among the Salmonella serovars based on Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis profiles. Results showed the presence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella serovars in processed, chilled RTC poultry products marketed in Mumbai, India.
Review of the work of the Botanical Research Institute
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: May 2017

No abstract available
Creatureness
Authors: Stanford Rosamund
Published: May 2017

No abstract available.
$\Gamma$-Unitaries, Dilation and a Natural Example
Authors: Bhattacharyya Tirthankar , Sau Haripada
Published: May 2017

This note constructs an explicit normal boundary dilation for a commuting pair

(S,P)

of bounded operators with the symmetrized bidisk

\Gamma=\{(z_1+z_2,z_1z_2):|z_1|,|z_2| \leq 1\}

as a spectral set. Such explicit dilations had hitherto been constructed only in the unit disk [11], the unit bidisk [3] and in the tetrablock [6]. The dilation is minimal and unique under a suitable condition. This paper also contains a natural example of a

\Gamma

-isometry. We compute its associated fundamental operator.
Complicaciones Asociadas Al Trauma Penetrante de Esófago, Experiencia De 11 Años En El Hospital Universitario de Neiva
Authors: Rubio Juan Jose , Ospitia Manuel Alejandro , Sanjuan Juan Felipe , Medina Rolando , Botache Wilmer Fernando , Rubio Maria Alejandra
Published: May 2017

Background

Penetrating esophageal lesions are extremely rare, less than 0.5%. They are related to high morbidity 30--66% and mortality ~20%. There is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, given its severity requires a timely approach and aggressive management to avoid sequelae and complications.

Study design

Descriptive subgroup analysis of a retrospective cohort (2003--2013) of patients with surgical trauma. The severity of the trauma was assessed using the AAST classification.

Results

Of the total 2,390 cases of registered surgical trauma, 10 (0.4%) corresponded to an esophageal trauma. All cases were observed in men with a median age of 26 years (IQR = 19--35). The cause of the most frequent injury was gunshot injury in six patients, followed by blunt gun injury in two patients and blast wave in the two remaining patients. The RTS in the majority of the patients was 7.84 (IQR = 7.47--7.84). The severity of esophageal trauma was grade II in seven patients and grade III in three patients. Associated vascular lesions were observed in two patients. All patients were taken to repair the primary lesion. The most frequent complication was esophageal tracheal fistula in four patients. A total of seven patients required reintervention, 71% for lesions directly related to esophageal lesion. No mortality was shown.

Conclusion

Esophageal lesions in surgical management trauma are infrequent, no deaths were observed in this series. Complications are common, the most commonly related is tracheoesofagic fistula, the reinterventions present an adequate evolution

How to cite this article

Rubio MA, Rubio JJ, Ospitia MA, Sanjuan JF, Medina R, Botache WF. Complicaciones Asociadas Al Trauma Penetrante de Esófago, Experiencia De 11 Años En El Hospital Universitario de Neiva. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2017;6(1):25-29.
Scanning Electron Microscope Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal at the Coronal, Middle, and Apical Third of Root Canals using Er,Cr:YSGG Laser: An in vitro Study
Authors: M Rajasekaran , Gopal Shankar Narayan , R Indra , S Ramachandran
Published: May 2017

The aim of the study was to analyse the smear layer removal at the coronal,middle and apical third of the root canals by using Er, Cr; YSGG laser system equipped with conical tip of 300 μm. A total of 80 single rooted extracted human mandibular premolars were endodontically prepared with rotary instrumentation and irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and were randomly divided in to four groups (20 tooth each). GROUP I: Served as control (non lased group), in which root canal were irrigated with 17% EDTA .GROUP II : 17% EDTA irrigant activated by laser with conical fibre tip at the coronal region .GROUP III: 17% EDTA irrigant activated by laser with conical fibre tip at the middle region.GROUP IV: 17% EDTA irrigant activated by laser with conical fibre tip at the apex region. The results showed complete smear layer removal at the coronal and middle region when compared to apical third of the root canal system.

How to cite this article

Murugesan S, Rajasekaran M, Baskaran VA, Gopal SN, Indra R, Ramachandran S. Scanning Electron Microscope Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal at the Coronal, Middle, and Apical Third of Root Canals using Er,Cr:YSGG Laser: An in vitro Study. J Oper Dent Endod 2017;2(1):11-14.
Veneer Crafting: The Smile Makeover
Authors: Madan Nidha , Pant Mridu , Somani Namita , Khurana Deeksha
Published: May 2017

The appearance of dentition is of concern to a large number of people seeking dental treatment. The color of teeth is of particular cosmetic importance. There has been a recent increase in interest in the treatment of tooth staining and discoloration. Veneers are a conservative method for the treatment of esthetic and functional problems in the anterior region of the oral cavity. Since its introduction in 1938 by Charles Pincus, ceramic veneer restorations have proven to be durable and esthetic restorative procedures for treatment of teeth. Ceramic veneers are more conservative than crowns and maintain the biomechanics of an original tooth, with a success rate of approximately 93%. Due to that, the indications of this procedure expanded to a point where its use is now a common practice in dental clinics. This article highlights on veneer crafting and its approach toward smile makeover.

How to cite this article

Pant M, Raisingani D, Madan N, Khurana D, Srivastava H, Somani N. Veneer Crafting: The Smile Makeover. J Oper Dent Endod 2017;2(1):45-49.
Evaluation of Breast Masses by Sonomammography and X-ray Mammography in Correlation with Histopathological Findings
Authors: Chandak Namita , Dhande Rajasbala
Published: May 2017

Introduction: Breast lumps are common presenting complaints in the female surgical outpatient department, which are due to varied breast pathologies. Breast infection most commonly affects women aged 18 to 50 years; in this age group, it can be divided into lactational and nonlactational infections. The process can affect the skin overlying the breast, where it can be a primary event, or it may be secondary to a lesion, such as sebaceous cyst or hidradenitis suppurativa.

Aim: The aim of this article was to find out sonographic features of benign and malignant masses and correlate X-ray mammography and sonographic findings with histopathology with classification of all breast lesions according to the breast imaging reporting and data system final assessment categories (BI-RADS) (mammography).

Materials and methods: This was a prospective diagnostic study conducted on 50 female patients from September 2015 to August 2016 in the Department of Radiodiagnosis in a tertiary care hospital.

Results: In benign lesion, 24 (48%) of the patients had fibroadenoma, 2% intraductal papilloma, and 1 (2%) each had galactocele and tubercular abscess; in malignant lesion, 23 (46%) had ductal malignancy.

Conclusion: The ultrasound features are helpful in differentiating benign from malignant masses. Classification of the lesions according to BI-RADS helps to improve the management of lesions.
Comparison of Apically Extruded Debris during Retreatment Procedure by Two Types of Endodontic Instruments
Authors: Vikram Mannu
Published: May 2017

Introduction: During root canal treatment, canal debris is inadvertently extruded through the apex during shaping and cleaning. This happens not only during the routine endodontic cases, but also during the retreatment cases.

Objective: This study analyzed in vitro the amount of debris extruded through the foramen using two instrumentation techniques during endodontic retreatment.

Materials and methods: Sixty roots of mandibular first premolars were selected, instrumented with anatomical diameter up to size number 40 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) file, and then obturated with gutta-percha and zinc-oxide eugenol sealer by lateral condensation. They were then divided into two groups of 30 each. The first group was instrumented with ISO K-files for gutta-percha removal and the second group was instrumented with Protaper retreatment files and gutta-percha was removed. All teeth were irrigated with distilled water. The debris extruded through the foramen were collected and weighed by an analytical balance.

Results: Group II had the lowest average for material extrusion through the foramen followed by group I. When Tukey test for statistical analysis was applied, significant differences among groups were found (p = 0.02).

Conclusion: It can be concluded that Protaper retreatment files produce significantly less debris as compared with K-files.
Psychiatric Morbidity among Spouses of Men with Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Shah Vishal , Behere Prakash , Mishra K , Sharma Animesh , Kumar Kanika
Published: May 2017

Objective: To assess the common mental disorders among spouses of men with alcohol dependence and to compare common mental disorders among spouses of alcoholics and nonalcoholics.

Study design: This was a cross-sectional controlled study. We evaluated 50 cases (including the indoor and outdoor patients) whose husbands were diagnosed as having alcohol dependence and 50 controls whose husbands had no alcohol dependence but some other illness, admitted to our rural medical college using the global mental health assessment tool-primary care (GMHAT-PC) version including the sociodemographic profile sheet and history of patient's illness.

Results: Anxiety (16%) and depression (36%) were higher in wives of alcohol-dependent men. Stress was higher (6%) in cases as compared with controls (4%). When comparing diagnosis and age-wise distribution, depression was higher in cases (28%) as compared with controls (14%) in age group of 31 to 40. There were 23 (46%) out of 50 spouses of men with alcohol dependence syndrome, whose diagnosis by GMHAT-PC came out as no mental illness; still they had some score in the anxiety rating, but this score was not enough for them to be diagnosed under anxiety disorder. Even in controls, anxiety score to a certain extent was present in 26% spouses. The GMHAT-PC self-harm scoring system was used to assess the risk of self-harm. It was found that three (6%) spouses had mild suicidal risk and one (2%) had severe suicidal risk, whereas in controls, it was absent.

Conclusion: Alcohol abuse is associated with an increased risk of committing criminal offences. An alcoholic can disrupt the routine family life. The women are primary caregivers in most of these cases. Therefore, understanding mental health status of spouses of alcoholics is of utmost importance. It can help in early detection of psychiatric morbidities and help in early intervention.
Dentofacial Characteristics among Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twin Pairs from a Unique Village of Twins in South India: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jodalli Praveen , Panchmal Ganesh , Somaraj Vinej , Koya Shafees
Published: May 2017

Aim: To assess the dentofacial characteristics of a mystery village of twins in South India.

Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among of 22 twin pairs (10 monozygotic twins and 12 dizygotic twins). The evaluation was done in terms of height, weight, dentofacial profile, and occlusion status based on anthropometric, photographic, and dental cast analysis.

Results: Data obtained upon analysis of anthropometric measurements, photographic data, and dental cast evaluation revealed a set of characteristics peculiar to the twins of this unique village.

Conclusion: Twin studies are a fascinating method of research because of their ability to correctly isolate a characteristic and determine its impact, especially in terms of dentofacial characteristics.

Clinical significance: Twin research design involving the comparison of variables among monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal) twins is a method by which researchers quantify and classify the contribution of genes and other extraneous factors influencing heredity on the dentofacial complex and dentition.
Parry–Romberg Syndrome: An Orthodontic Perspective
Authors: Arya Garima , Shrivastav Sunita , Sharma Krishna , Kamble Ranjit
Published: May 2017

Parry–Romberg syndrome is a rare disorder of unknown etiology, which causes asymmetry of the face. The syndrome presents with characteristic skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes in the affected half of the face, with or without neurological signs and symptoms. The nature of the disease results in psychological disturbances and also dental anomalies. This article reports a case of a 23-year-old male who presented with classical features of the syndrome.
An Unusual Case of Chest Pain in a Young Adult
Authors: Hashmi Nabeel , Acharya Sourya , Lahoti Shashiraj , Alegaonkar Saish , Shukla Samarth
Published: May 2017

Echinococcosis is an infection caused in humans by Echinococcus granulosus which produce cystic hydatid disease. It is prevalent in most areas with livestock is raised in association with dogs. Liver is the most common site of this infection. We are presenting a case of 19-year-old adult who had chronic cough and pleuritic pain due to hydatid cyst in left lung.