bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Room-temperature spontaneous superradiance from single diamond nanocrystals
Authors: Bradac Carlo , Johnsson Mattias T. , Breugel Matthew van , Baragiola Ben Q. , Martin Rochelle , Juan Mathieu L. , Brennen Gavin K. , Volz Thomas
Published: October 2017

Superradiance (SR) is a cooperative phenomenon which occurs when an ensemble of quantum emitters couples collectively to a mode of the electromagnetic field as a single, massive dipole that radiates photons at an enhanced rate. Previous studies on solid-state systems either reported SR from sizeable crystals with at least one spatial dimension much larger than the wavelength of the light and/or only close to liquid-helium temperatures. Here, we report the observation of room-temperature superradiance from single, highly luminescent diamond nanocrystals with spatial dimensions much smaller than the wavelength of light, and each containing a large number (~ 103) of embedded nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres. The results pave the way towards a systematic study of SR in a well-controlled, solid-state quantum system at room temperature.
Systematic proteome and proteostasis profiling in human Trisomy 21 fibroblast cells
Authors: Liu Yansheng , Borel Christelle , Li Li , Müller Torsten , Williams Evan G. , Germain Pierre-Luc , Buljan Marija , Sajic Tatjana , Boersema Paul J. , Shao Wenguang , Faini Marco , Testa Giuseppe , Beyer Andreas , Antonarakis Stylianos E. , Aebersold Ruedi
Published: October 2017

Down syndrome (DS) is mostly caused by a trisomy of the entire Chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21, T21). Here, we use SWATH mass spectrometry to quantify protein abundance and protein turnover in fibroblasts from a monozygotic twin pair discordant for T21, and to profile protein expression in 11 unrelated DS individuals and matched controls. The integration of the steady-state and turnover proteomic data indicates that protein-specific degradation of members of stoichiometric complexes is a major determinant of T21 gene dosage outcome, both within and between individuals. This effect is not apparent from genomic and transcriptomic data. The data also reveal that T21 results in extensive proteome remodeling, affecting proteins encoded by all chromosomes. Finally, we find broad, organelle-specific post-transcriptional effects such as significant downregulation of the mitochondrial proteome contributing to T21 hallmarks. Overall, we provide a valuable proteomic resource to understand the origin of DS phenotypic manifestations.
Unraveling 5f-6d hybridization in uranium compounds via spin-resolved L-edge spectroscopy
Authors: dos Reis R. D. , Veiga L. S. I. , Escanhoela C. A. , Lang J. C. , Joly Y. , Gandra F. G. , Haskel D. , Souza-Neto N. M.
Published: October 2017

The multifaceted character of 5f electrons in actinide materials, from localized to itinerant and in between, together with their complex interactions with 6d and other conduction electron states, has thwarted efforts for fully understanding this class of compounds. While theoretical efforts abound, direct experimental probes of relevant electronic states and their hybridization are limited. Here we exploit the presence of sizable quadrupolar and dipolar contributions in the uranium L3-edge X-ray absorption cross section to provide unique information on the extent of spin-polarized hybridization between 5f and 6d electronic states by means of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. As a result, we show how this 5f-6d hybridization regulates the magnetism of each sublattice in UCu2Si2 and UMn2Si2 compounds, demonstrating the potentiality of this methodology to investigate a plethora of magnetic actinide compounds.
Designing broad-spectrum anti-HIV-1 gRNAs to target patient-derived variants
Authors: Dampier Will , Sullivan Neil T. , Chung Cheng-Han , Mell Joshua Chang , Nonnemacher Michael R. , Wigdahl Brian
Published: October 2017

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), including specific guide RNAs (gRNAs), can excise integrated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) provirus from host chromosomes. To date, anti-HIV-1 gRNAs have been designed to account for off-target activity, however, they seldom account for genetic variation in the HIV-1 genome within and between patients, which will be crucial for therapeutic application of this technology. This analysis tests the ability of published anti-HIV-1 gRNAs to cleave publicly available patient-derived HIV-1 sequences to inform gRNA design and provides basic computational tools to researchers in the field.
A versatile, high through-put, bead-based phagocytosis assay for Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Lloyd Yukie M. , Ngati Elise P. , Salanti Ali , Leke Rose G. F. , Taylor Diane W.
Published: October 2017

Antibody-mediated phagocytosis is an important immune effector mechanism against Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IE); however, current phagocytosis assays use IE collected from infected individuals or from in vitro cultures of P. falciparum, making them prone to high variation. A simple, high-throughput flow cytometric assay was developed that uses THP-1 cells and fluorescent beads covalently-coupled with the malarial antigen VAR2CSA. The assay is highly repeatable, provides both the overall percent phagocytosis and semi-quantitates the number of antigen-coupled beads internalized.
Prognostic Value of Lordosis Decrease in Radiographic Adjacent Segment Pathology After Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion
Authors: Liu Yin , Li Na , Wei Wei , Deng Jing , Hu Yuequn , Ye Bin , Wang Wei
Published: October 2017

While cervical lordosis alteration is not uncommon after anterior cervical arthrodesis, its influence on radiological adjacent segment pathology (RASP) is still unclear. Biomechanical changes induced by arthrodesis may contribute to ASP onset. To investigate the correlation between cervical lordosis decrease and RASP onset after anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) and to determine its biomechanical effect on adjacent segments after surgery, 80 CSM patients treated with ACCF were retrospectively studied, and a baseline finite element model of the cervical spine as well as post-operation models with normal and decreased lordosis were established and validated. We found that post-operative lordosis decrease was prognostic in predicting RASP onset, with the hazard ratio of 0.45. In the FE models, ROM at the adjacent segment increased after surgery, and the increase was greater in the model with decreased lordosis. Thus, post-operative cervical lordosis change significantly correlated with RASP occurrence, and it may be of prognostic value. The biomechanical changes induced by lordosis change at the adjacent segments after corpectomy may be one of the mechanisms for this phenomenon. Restoring a well lordotic cervical spine after corpectomy may reduce RASP occurrence and be beneficial to long-term surgical outcomes.
Transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with end-stage renal disease and kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Al-Rashid Fadi , Bienholz Anja , Hildebrandt Heike Annelie , Patsalis Polycarpos-Christos , Totzeck Matthias , Kribben Andreas , Wendt Daniel , Jakob Heinz , Lind Alexander , Jánosi Rolf Alexander , Rassaf Tienush , Kahlert Philipp
Published: October 2017

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has evolved to a treatment of choice in high-risk patients and is therefore ideal for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, as patients with end-stage renal disease and kidney transplant recipients. Especially, outcome of this special patient group is very important. 22 patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 undergoing intermittent hemodialysis treatment (CKD 5D) and 8 kidney transplant recipients (KT) with severe aortic valve stenosis underwent transfemoral TAVI. TAVI was successfully performed in all patients. Postinterventional acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred in four kidney transplant recipients (KDIGO grade 1: n = 3, grade 3: n = 1) but creatinine/eGFR returned to baseline values in all patients. Short-term (30-day) mortality was 3% (1 patient in CKD 5D group). KT had a higher 2-year mortality than CKD5D patients (31% vs. 53%; p = 0.309), and cause of death was non-cardiac because of sepsis in all cases. The amount of contrast medium during TAVI was not associated with the development of acute kidney injury. TAVI is feasible in patients with CKD5D and in KT. Postinterventional AKI in these patients is often mild and does not impact renal function at day 30, while infection/ sepsis is the leading cause of mid-term mortality.
The food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni depends on the AddAB DNA repair system to defend against bile in the intestinal environment
Authors: Gourley Christopher R. , Negretti Nicholas M. , Konkel Michael E.
Published: October 2017

Accurate repair of DNA damage is crucial to ensure genome stability and cell survival of all organisms. Bile functions as a defensive barrier against intestinal colonization by pathogenic microbes. Campylobacter jejuni, a leading bacterial cause of foodborne illness, possess strategies to mitigate the toxic components of bile. We recently found that growth of C. jejuni in medium with deoxycholate, a component of bile, caused DNA damage consistent with the exposure to reactive oxygen species. We hypothesized that C. jejuni must repair DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species to restore chromosomal integrity. Our efforts focused on determining the importance of the putative AddAB DNA repair proteins. A C. jejuni addAB mutant demonstrated enhanced sensitivity to deoxycholate and was impaired in DNA double strand break repair. Complementation of the addAB mutant restored resistance to deoxycholate, as well as function of the DNA double strand break repair system. The importance of these findings translated to the natural host, where the AddAB system was found to be required for efficient C. jejuni colonization of the chicken intestine. This research provides new insight into the molecular mechanism utilized by C. jejuni, and possibly other intestinal pathogens, to survive in the presence of bile.
Catalytic depolymerization of a typical lignite for improving tar yield by Co and Zn catalyst
Authors: Liang Litong , Huai Juntian , Zhang Qian , Liu Jianwei , Huang Wei , Zhang Zhonglin , Hao Xiaogang , Guan Guoqing
Published: October 2017

A novel process for improving tar yield through catalytic depolymerization of a typical lignite was put forward. The catalytic depolymerization of the lignite over CoCl2 and ZnCl2 catalyst in different concentrations were investigated by a Gray-King apparatus. The optimal catalyst concentrations of CoCl2 and ZnCl2 catalyst that could obtain the highest tar yield was achieved, by which the tar yield increased about 20.3% and 6.6% compared with that of the raw coal, respectively. Different with the traditional catalytic pyrolysis process for which the tar yield decreased, more tar was produced by the catalytic depolymerization method. The GC × GC-MS analysis showed that the components of alkanes and two-ring aromatics in tar increased dramatically with the addition of the optimal CoCl2 and ZnCl2 catalyst. The Raman measurement revealed that more large aromatic ring systems ( > 6 rings) were formed in the char from depolymerization with catalyst and the elemental analysis showed that the hydrogen content decreased slightly. The gas products analysis reflected the contents of methane showed an obvious decrease. All of this reflects that more fragments and small free radicals cracked were enhanced by catalysis in the catalytic depolymerization process, thereby leading to an enhancement of the tar formation possibilities.
Catalytic hydrolysis of carbonyl sulphide and carbon disulphide over Fe2O3 cluster: Competitive adsorption and reaction mechanism
Authors: Ning Ping , Song Xin , Li Kai , Wang Chi , Tang Lihong , Sun Xin
Published: October 2017

The competitive adsorption and reaction mechanism for the catalytic hydrolysis of carbonyl sulphide (COS) and carbon disulphide (CS2) over Fe2O3 cluster was investigated. Compared with experimental results, the theoretical study was used to further investigate the competitive adsorption and effect of H2S in the hydrolysis reaction of COS and CS2. Experimental results showed that Fe2O3 cluster enhanced the catalytic hydrolysis effect. Meanwhile, H2S was not conducive to the hydrolysis of COS and CS2. Theoretical calculations indicated that the order of competitive adsorption on Fe2O3 is as follows: H2O (strong) >CS2 (medium) >COS (weak). In the hydrolysis process, the C=S bond cleavage occurs easier than C=O bond cleavage. The hydrolysis reaction is initiated via the migration of an H-atom, which triggers C=S bond cleavage and S–H bond formation. Additionally, we find the first step of CS2 hydrolysis to be rate limiting. The presence of H2S increases the reaction energy barrier, which is not favourable for COS hydrolysis. Fe2O3 can greatly decrease the maximum energy barrier, which decreases the minimum energy required for hydrolysis, making it relatively facile to occur. In general, the theoretical results were consistent with experimental results, which proved that the theoretical study was reliable.
Sofosbuvir (SOF) Suppresses Ledipasvir (LDV)-resistant Mutants during SOF/LDV Combination Therapy against Genotype 1b Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Authors: Brown Ashley N. , Liu Lin , Rodriquez Jaime L. , Zhao Lisa , Schuster Layla , Li Eric , Wang Gary P. , Neely Michael N. , Yamada Walter , Drusano George L.
Published: October 2017

Our objective was to identify drug interactions between ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF) against a genotype 1b replicon to determine optimal exposures for each agent that will maximize antiviral activity against susceptible and drug-resistant subpopulations. LDV and SOF were evaluated using a fully factorial experimental design in the BelloCell system. Replicon levels and drug-resistant variants were quantified at various times post-therapy for 14 days and a high-dimensional mathematical model was fit to the data. Mutations associated with SOF resistance were not detected; but LDV-resistant mutants were selected and mutant subpopulations increased as exposure intensity increased. Combination therapy was additive for the total replicon population and the LDV-resistant population, but a threshold concentration of 100 ng/ml of SOF must be attained to suppress LDV-resistant subpopulations. These novel findings hold important implications for not only improving therapeutic outcomes, but also maximizing the clinical utility of LDV and SOF combination regimens.
Novel Insights into Membrane Transport from Computational Methodologies
Authors: Oakes Victoria , Domene Carmen
Published: October 2017

Atomic-resolution imaging of the plasma membrane and its constituents has advanced significantly in recent years. However, membrane transport is profoundly reliant on dynamic processes ranging from highly concerted atomic fluctuations to large-scale conformational changes, which cannot be sufficiently described by static structural information. As a consequence, computational methodologies have become a prominent tool for investigating membrane organisation and dynamics. In particular, molecular dynamics simulation has proven to be a pertinent method for investigating how matter is transported through membranes, either directly through the membrane or via integral membrane proteins, in an appropriate level of detail. In this chapter, a brief overview of molecular dynamics simulations and related methodologies will be provided, and use prototypical biological systems to illustrate how these methods have contributed to our understanding of unassisted diffusion through membranes, passive diffusion through ion channels, signalling through receptors and active transport through transporters.
Paper spray ionization mass spectrometry for rapid quantification of illegal beverage dyes
Authors: Guo Tianyang , Zhang Zezhen , Yannell Karen E. , Dong Yiyang , Cooks R. Graham
Published: October 2017

A rapid method is described for quantification of six illegal colorants in beverages, i.e., soft beverages, energy beverages, alcoholic beverages, teas, and fruit juices.
Intrinsic triple-emitting 2D copper thiolate coordination polymer as a ratiometric thermometer working over 400 K range
Authors: Veselska Oleksandra , Podbevšek Darjan , Ledoux Gilles , Fateeva Alexandra , Demessence Aude
Published: October 2017

A new lamellar, [Cu(p-SPhCO2Me)]n, coordination polymer exhibits intrinsic triple emission with great potential as optical thermometer working over 400 K range and up to 500 K.
Biomimetic superwettable materials with structural colours
Authors: Wang Zelinlan , Guo Zhiguang
Published: October 2017

This review aims at offering a comprehension elaboration of the mechanism, recent biomimetic research and applications of biomimetic superwettable materials with structural colours. Futhermore, this review will provide significant insight into the design, fabrication and application of biomimetic superwettable materials with structural colours.
Insights into the origin of the excited transitions in graphene quantum dots interacting with heavy metals in different media
Authors: Shtepliuk Ivan , Khranovskyy Volodymyr , Yakimova Rositsa
Published: October 2017

Exploring graphene quantum dots (GQDs) is an attractive way to design novel optical and electrochemical sensors for fast and reliable detection of toxic heavy metals (HMs), such as Cd, Hg and Pb.
Enhanced fluorescence with nanosecond dynamics in the solid state of metal ion complexes of alkoxy salophens
Authors: Khan Tuhin , Datta Anindya
Published: October 2017

Incorporation of an alkoxy moiety dramatically alters the photophysics and molecular packing of aluminum complexes of salophen leading to enhanced emission in the solid state.
The intrinsic basicity of the phosphate backbone exceeds that of uracil and thymine residues: protonation of the phosphate moiety is preferred over the nucleobase for pdThd and pUrd
Authors: Wu R. R. , Hamlow L. A. , He C. C. , Nei Y.-w. , Berden G. , Oomens J. , Rodgers M. T.
Published: October 2017

The intrinsic basicity of the phosphate backbone of thymidine-5′-monophosphate and uridine-5′-monophosphate exceeds that of uracil and thymine nucleobases.
Plasmon lasers: coherent nanoscopic light sources
Authors: Deeb Claire , Pelouard Jean-Luc
Published: October 2017

Plasmon lasers are a new class of coherent light sources that use metals for light localization and amplification.
Correction: Light-driven micro- and nanomotors for environmental remediation
Authors: Safdar M. , Simmchen J. , Jänis J.
Published: October 2017

Correction for ‘Light-driven micro- and nanomotors for environmental remediation’ by M. Safdar et al., Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2017, 4, 1602–1616.
Effective fractionation of lignocellulose in herbaceous biomass and hardwood using a mild acetone organosolv process
Authors: Smit Arjan , Huijgen Wouter
Published: October 2017

Key features of this process are the high yield of cellulose, monomeric hemicellulose sugars and lignin combined with limited solvent loss due to acetone self-condensation.
Color manipulation through microchip tinting for colorimetric detection using hue image analysis
Authors: Krauss Shannon T. , Nauman Aeren Q. , Garner Gavin T. , Landers James P.
Published: October 2017

Three color manipulation (i.e., tinting) techniques can increase colorimetric discrimination and improve detection limits.
Development of an AlphaLISA high throughput technique to screen for small molecule inhibitors targeting protein arginine methyltransferases
Authors: Prabhu Lakshmi , Chen Lan , Wei Han , Demir Özlem , Safa Ahmad , Zeng Lifan , Amaro Rommie E. , O’Neil Bert H. , Zhang Zhon-Yin , Lu Tao
Published: October 2017

The proposed workflow of the drug development pipeline with adapted AlphaLISA HTS-based screening to discover inhibitors of epigenetic targets like PRMT5 with possible significance in disease treatment.
Imbalance in amino acid and purine metabolisms at the hypothalamus in inflammation-associated depression by GC-MS
Authors: Wu Yu , Li Yonghong , Jia Yanjuan , Wei Chaojun , Xu Hui , Guo Rui , Li Yuanting , Jia Jing , Qi Xiaoming , Gao Xiaoling
Published: October 2017

Imbalances of amino acids and the purinergic system show significant hypothalamic metabolic perturbations, which are closely associated with mechanisms of depression.
Bioimaging of multiple piRNAs in a single breast cancer cell using molecular beacons
Authors: Park Yong Keun , Jung Woon Yong , Park Min Geun , Song Sung Kyu , Lee Yong Seung , Heo Hyejung , Kim Soonhag
Published: October 2017

Simultaneous bioimaging of piR-36026 and piR-36743 using molecular beacons successfully visualized 4 different subtypes of breast cancer.
Polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) promoted as an efficient and recyclable reaction medium for the one-pot eco-friendly synthesis of functionalized isoxazole substituted spirooxindole derivatives
Authors: Modugu Nagi Reddy , Pittala Praveen Kumar
Published: October 2017

An efficient, inexpensive and environmentally friendly synthesis of novel isoxazole substituted spirooxindole-pyridopyrimidine/indenopyridine/chromenopyridine/naphthyridine/quinoline derivatives has been developed.
A strain-induced exciton transition energy shift in CdSe nanoplatelets: the impact of an organic ligand shell
Authors: Antanovich A. , Achtstein A. W. , Matsukovich A. , Prudnikau A. , Bhaskar P. , Gurin V. , Molinari M. , Artemyev M.
Published: October 2017

We study the influence of surface passivating ligands on the optical and structural properties of zinc blende CdSe nanoplatelets.
Ferroelectric control of Rashba spin orbit coupling at the GeTe(111)/InP(111) interface
Authors: Meng Yu-Hua , Bai Wei , Gao Heng , Gong Shi-Jing , Wang Ji-Qing , Duan Chun-Gang , Chu Jun-Hao
Published: October 2017

The electrostatic potential and Rashba spin orbit coupling at the GeTe(111)/InP(111) interface can be manipulated by tuning the ferroelectric polarization.
Controlling states of water droplets on nanostructured surfaces by design
Authors: Zhu Chongqin , Gao Yurui , Huang Yingying , Li Hui , Meng Sheng , Francisco Joseph S. , Zeng Xiao Cheng
Published: October 2017

The transition between the Cassie and Wenzel states can be controlled via precisely designed trapezoidal nanostructures on the surface, for which the base angle of the trapezoids and the intrinsic contact angle of the surface are two possible adjustable parameters.
Nanoscale imaging and force probing of biomolecular systems using atomic force microscopy: from single molecules to living cells
Authors: Li Mi , Dang Dan , Xi Ning , Wang Yuechao , Liu Lianqing
Published: October 2017

Atomic force microscopy is a powerful tool for investigating nanoscale native molecular behaviors from single molecules to living cells.
Effect of catalyst type on molecular weight increase and coloration of poly(ethylene furanoate) biobased polyester during melt polycondensation
Authors: Terzopoulou Zoe , Karakatsianopoulou Elisavet , Kasmi Nejib , Tsanaktsis Vasileios , Nikolaidis Nikolaos , Kostoglou Margaritis , Papageorgiou George Z. , Lambropoulou Dimitra A. , Bikiaris Dimitrios N.
Published: October 2017

The effect of several catalysts on the synthesis of poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF) was studied during a two-stage melt polycondensation process.
In situcross-linkable hyaluronic acid hydrogels using copper free click chemistry for cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Han Sang-Soo , Yoon Hong Yeol , Yhee Ji Young , Cho Myeong Ok , Shim Hye-Eun , Jeong Ji-Eun , Lee Dong-Eun , Kim Kwangmeyung , Guim Hwanuk , Lee John Hwan , Huh Kang Moo , Kang Sun-Woong
Published: October 2017

We develop a biocompatible andin situHA hydrogelviaa bioorthogonal click reaction for cartilage tissue engineering.
Synthesis and sequence-controlled self-assembly of amphiphilic triblock copolymers based on functional poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Qi Yanxin , Li Bin , Wang Yupeng , Huang Yubin
Published: October 2017

Given the increasing prosperity of multifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (mf-PEG), an amphiphilic triblock copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(allyl glycidyl ether) (mPEG-PCL-PAGE), was synthesized by a combination of living ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and click chemistry.
Efficient feeding geometries for rectenna design at 2.45 GHz
Authors: Ahmed S. , Zakaria Z. , Husain M.N. , Ibrahim I.M. , Alhegazi A.
Published: October 2017

Efficient feeding geometries for rectenna design at 2.45 GHz are described. The proposed rectenna consists of two layers low cost FR‐4 substrates in which circular polarisation and harmonic rejection properties are embedded. A voltage doubler rectifier with open stub matching network and the radial stub is designed at the bottom substrate to transform the ac signals to a dc voltage. A right triangular slot is designed in the ground plane to suppress second and third harmonics which improves the rectenna conversion efficiency to 75.043% at an input power of 20 dBm. The proposed rectenna design has the advantages of providing circular polarisation and harmonic rejection with a compact size and low cost which makes it a good candidate for microwave power transmission applications.
Compact four‐element SRR‐loaded dual‐band MIMO antenna for WLAN/WiMAX/WiFi/4G‐LTE and 5G applications
Authors: Sarkar D. , Srivastava K.V.
Published: October 2017

A four‐element dual‐band MIMO configuration consisting of split‐ring resonator (SRR)‐loaded inverted L‐monopole antenna elements is realised. In the proposed antenna, the lower‐frequency mode of the unloaded MIMO configuration merges with one SRR‐induced antenna resonance. This leads to antenna operation around 2.93 GHz with wide impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 35.21%, encompassing the lower WLAN, worldwide interoperability for microwave access, wireless fidelity, fourth generation (4G)‐long‐term evolution and sub‐6 GHz 5G bands. Furthermore, due to SRR loading, the proposed MIMO antenna exhibits a resonance at 5.68 GHz (IBW 6.86%), covering the upper WLAN band. Minimum inter‐element isolation of 14 dB is achieved, in spite of the compact total area (, λ0 = highest operating wavelength) and the presence of inter‐connected ground plane. Both the working bands exhibit directional radiation patterns with average gain . Experiments on the fabricated antenna prototype confirm that the simulated and measured S‐parameters, radiation patterns (envelope‐correlation coefficient, channel capacity loss and total active reflection coefficient) are in good agreement.
Rotor position estimation method of permanent magnet synchronous motor with absolute position calculation and simple deviation compensation strategies
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Liu Gang
Published: October 2017

High‐frequency signal injected methods are widely applied to the sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) especially at standstill and low‐speed range. Most of the methods are based on the tracking theory, which leads to an angle uncertain of π. The method proposed in this Letter is also based on the injection method and can calculate the rotor absolute position directly by introducing a virtual reference frame which rotates at a fixed frequency, which makes it possible to eliminate the angle uncertain of π with a simple deviation compensation method. Furthermore, all the PMSMs even with near‐zero saliency can adopt the proposed method. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed rotor position estimation method has a good performance even under load changes.
Event‐driven system for fall detection using body‐worn accelerometer and depth sensor
Authors: Kepski Michal , Kwolek Bogdan
Published: October 2017

The authors present efficient and effective algorithms for fall detection on the basis of sequences of depth maps and data from a wireless inertial sensor worn by a monitored person. A set of descriptors is discussed to permit distinguishing between accidental falls and activities of daily living. Experimental validation is carried out on the freely available dataset consisting of synchronised depth and accelerometric data. Extensive experiments are conducted in the scenario with a static camera facing the scene and an active camera observing the same scene from above. Several experiments consisting of person detection, tracking and fall detection in real‐time are carried out to show efficiency and reliability of the proposed solutions. The experimental results show that the developed algorithms for fall detection have high sensitivity and specificity.
Personalised‐face neutralisation using best‐matched face shape with a neutral‐face database
Authors: Petpairote Chayanut , Madarasmi Suthep , Chamnongthai Kosin
Published: October 2017

Conventional personalised‐face neutralisation methods use facial‐expression databases; however, the database creation and maintenance is a tedious process, and should be minimised. Moreover, face‐shape template should be also considerably used due to its crucial factor. This study proposes a personalised‐face neutralisation method using best‐matched face‐shape template with neutral‐face database. In personalised‐face neutralisation, the best‐matched face‐shape template which is assumed as the most similar to the neutralisation expression face is found based on coarse‐to‐fine concept, and used for warping textures. Additionally, closed eyes are detected and opened up by using eye shape of the best‐matched face shape, and mixed intensities of original closed‐eye and the best‐matched one. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, experiments were performed using the CMU Multi‐PIE database and the results reveal that the proposed method reduces gradient mean square error 0.07% on average and improves face recognition accuracy by 1.13% approximately comparing with the conventional method, while requiring only a single neutral database without expression images.
Synchronised/unsynchronised measurements based novel fault location algorithm for transmission line
Authors: Hinge Trupti , Dambhare Sanjay
Published: October 2017

The authors propose a novel algorithm to compute distance to fault on the transmission line. The loss of time synchronisation due to failure of global positioning system leads to synchronisation error. Time synchronisation error is computed non‐iteratively in phase domain using measurements available from two ends of the transmission line. The proposed algorithm computes distance to fault accurately even under current transformer saturation. Algorithm compensates the synchronisation error and estimates accurate fault location in a step. The proposed algorithm also works accurately for synchronised measurements. Simulations are carried on ATP/EMTP on IEEE 14‐bus system, and algorithm is implemented in MATLAB. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate the merits of proposed algorithm.
Kalman filter approach for dispatching and attenuating the power fluctuation of wind and photovoltaic power generating systems
Authors: Lamsal Dipesh , Sreeram Victor , Mishra Yateendra , Kumar Deepak
Published: October 2017

The battery energy storage system (BESS) is a popularly used source to smooth the power fluctuation caused by variation of wind speed and solar irradiance. The forecasted data of wind and solar irradiance may contain bias error and does not provide the true power available from wind and photovoltaic generating systems. This study proposes a method based on discrete Kalman filter (DKF) to eliminate the bias error present in the forecasted data so that true power of wind and photovoltaic systems could be predicted. A DKF‐based state‐space approach is utilised to predict the true power obtained through wind and photovoltaic generating systems. The proposed approach also attenuates the power fluctuation of wind and PVGSs considering the desired power dispatched to the load as well as evaluates the BESS power needed for this purpose.
Stability enhancement of DFIG‐based wind turbine system through linear quadratic regulator
Authors: Prajapat Ganesh P. , Senroy Nilanjan , Narayan Kar Indra
Published: October 2017

This study proposes an optimal control scheme based on linear quadratic regulator (LQR) to control of the oscillatory behaviour of the doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) connected to the grid and improve the stability. The control approach integrates a non‐linear dynamic state estimation by means of unscented Kalman filter to estimate the unobservable internal states, to be used by the LQR. The only measurements required to achieve the control objective are terminal voltage and stator current of the DFIG which may have measurement‐noise to some extent. The detailed model of the DFIG‐based wind turbine with two‐mass drive‐train model has been described first and then its linearised state model has been obtained to identify the oscillatory modes, which have further been used to decide the weight matrices for LQR. The performance of the proposed LQR‐based damping controller has been compared with the power system stabiliser incorporated with the DFIG. The efficacy of the proposed scheme of the DFIG has also been tested in WSCC 3‐machine 9‐bus power system by integrating the DFIG in it.
Integrated database approach in multi‐objective network reconfiguration for distribution system using discrete optimisation techniques
Authors: Muhammad Munir Azam , Mokhlis Hazlie , Naidu Kanendra , Franco John Fredy , Illias Hazlee Azil , Wang Li
Published: October 2017

Reconfiguring the link between buses is a crucial task to enhance the distribution system performance. Reconfiguration is a complex combinatorial process due to numerous feasible solutions. Therefore, to consistently find global optimum solutions within a short span of time is a challenging task. One of the factors that cause time consumption in finding optimal network configurations is the elimination of non‐radiality network solutions during the optimisation process. To address this issue, this work proposes to store pre‐determined network radiality solutions in a database. These sets of solutions are used in the network reconfiguration optimisation by a discrete evolutionary programming and a discrete evolutionary particle swarm optimisation techniques. These optimisation methods are based on a multi‐objective problem which minimises power loss, voltage deviation, and a number of switching actions. Moreover, the quality of the solutions is measured in terms of computational time and consistency. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed technique, a comparative assessment is carried out on 33‐bus and 118‐bus distribution systems. It is found that the proposed technique outperforms other existing methods in terms of quality of the solutions.
Ground fault location in radial distribution networks involving distributed voltage measurement
Authors: Zhang Shu , Lin Sheng , He Zhengyou , Lee Wei‐jen
Published: October 2017

Since feeders have complicated laterals connected with unbalanced loads, the location of a ground fault is a challenge in radial distribution networks. Furthermore, lower short‐circuit current due to the high value of fault resistance, which is common in the distribution network, will make it even more challenging to identify the fault location. Taking advantage of increasing number of intelligent electronic devices installed in the modern distribution network, the monitoring, and automation of distribution systems can be improved by smart feeder meters. On the basis of the voltage information from the downstream sub‐laterals, a novel fault location method involving distributed voltage measurement is proposed in this study. The first step in the proposed method is to identify the fault lateral in the main lateral. In a zero‐sequence components network, the position of nodes in the main lateral is iterated to judge if the calculated voltage at the end matches the measured one by a smart feeder meter. The second step is to identify the fault section accurately by combining the voltage information from main lateral or other sub‐laterals. Finally, a precise fault location can be attained via an iteration search in the fault section. Two distribution test systems simulated in power systems computer‐aided design/electro‐magnetic transient design and control with 34‐node and 134‐node have been employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm under various ground fault scenarios. The simulation results show that the proposed method is robust since it offered a good performance for ground faults identification with low and high values of impedance occurring at different locations. Furthermore, it is also suitable for the system with distributed generations and dynamic loads.
Efficient P‐cycle combination protection strategy based on improved genetic algorithm in elastic optical networks
Authors: Guo Xiaojin , Huang Jun , Liu Huanlin , Chen Yong
Published: October 2017

In order to address the problems of spectrum fragmentation and high redundancy of protection resources in the pre‐configured cycle (P‐cycle) protection, a genetic P‐cycle combination protection strategy (GPCPS) based on improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is proposed for elastic optical networks. In GPCPS, an IGA is devised to optimise the basic cycles and find out an efficient P‐cycle protection combination for protecting the whole optical topology. For alleviating the spectrum fragmentation, a P‐cycle configuration strategy, named link spectrum partition and P‐cycle configuration, is introduced to pre‐configure the spectrum resource of P‐cycles. Meanwhile, the least traffic priority and first fit algorithm based on spectrum resources usage and path length aware is designed to select working path effectively. Simulation results show that the proposed GPCPS can reduce the bandwidth blocking probability and improve the spectrum resource utilisation.
p-Toluenesulfonic Acid Induced Conversion of Fluorinated Trimethylsilylethynylanilines into Aminoacetophenones: Versatile Precursors for the Synthesis of Benzoazaheterocycles
Authors: Politanskaya Larisa , Tretyakov Evgeny
Published: October 2017

A simple and efficient approach to the synthesis of fluorinated amino-substituted acetophenones in good to excellent yields is reported. The heart of the proposed method consists of conversion of a Me3Si–C≡C– moiety into a MeC(=O)– group in the presence of p-tolu­ene­sulfonic acid (p-TSA) passing a stage of ethynylaniline formation. The reaction is metal-free, proceeds under mild conditions, and uses readily available starting compounds (trimethylsilylarylacetylene derivatives). The reaction provides access to amino-substituted acetophenones, which may serve as precursors for the synthesis of polyfluorinated azaheterocycles, having potential anticarcinogenic activity.
Probable Association of Hearing Loss, Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly
Authors: Meneses-Barriviera Caroline , Bazoni Jéssica , Doi Marcelo , Marchiori Luciana
Published: October 2017

Introduction The aging process causes changes in body structure in a continuous manner, and contributes to clinical disorders. Life expectancy is increasing, especially in developing countries.

Objective To assess the prevalence of hearing loss and its possible association with hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) in the elderly.

Methods A cross-sectional study with 519 elderly individuals aged over 60 years who underwent an audiological evaluation (pure tone audiometry), and answered a comorbidity questionnaire that included questions about age, gender, tinnitus and medical history, with data concerning DM. The dependent variable was the presence of hearing loss. The independent variables were age, gender, DM and hypertension. The variables were presented in absolute numbers and proportions, and enabled us to estimate the prevalence. The statistical analysis was performed through multiple logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals and values of p < 0.05 for the hearing loss and its associated factors.

Results A total of 519 subjects of both genders with a median age of 69 years were evaluated, and the individuals who did not attend the audiometric test were excluded from the study, so the final sample was composed of 498 subjects. Sensorineural hearing loss was more prevalent (66.26%) of most frequently with bilateral hearing loss of 91.56% and 26.50% with mild degree. The statistical analysis showed that the variable DM was associated with the high frequency of hearing loss in the elderly, and according to the multiple logistic regression, the risk factors are independent of the hearing loss only for age and exposure to occupational noise.

Conclusions There was a statistically significant difference between hearing loss at high frequencies and the risk factors, that is, age and DM.
Cartilage Graft Donor Site Morbidity following Rhinoplasty and Nasal Reconstruction
Authors: Ho Thuy-Van Tina , Sykes Kevin , Kriet J.David , Humphrey Clinton
Published: October 2017

Although surgical techniques for rhinoplasty and nasal reconstruction are well established, prospective research on postoperative morbidity remains limited. The aim of this pilot study was to assess costal and auricular cartilage donor site pain and morbidity in patients undergoing rhinoplasty and nasal reconstruction. In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 55 patients undergoing nasal surgery that required costal or auricular cartilage harvest from February 2015 through May 2016. Each patient was given a symptom-specific patient survey that assessed general pain, nasal pain, graft donor site pain, graft donor site itching, color variation, skin stiffness and thickness, and graft donor site appearance at 1, 4, and 12 weeks after surgery. Our patient group was 55% female ( n = 30); the mean age was 47 years. Rib cartilage graft patients had significantly greater nasal pain than cartilage donor site pain. There was no significant difference in rib versus ear cartilage donor site pain. Nearly all patients reported that they were not at all concerned about their scar appearance or ear shape and appearance. No prior studies compare cartilage donor site morbidity in patients undergoing nasal surgery. Our findings challenge the conventional wisdom that utilizing auricular and costal cartilage results in high levels of donor site pain. Surgeons should have a low threshold to harvest rib or ear cartilage when it can improve surgical outcome.
Cathepsin D Polymorphism C224T in Childhood-Onset Neurodegenerative Disorders: No Impact for Childhood Dementia
Authors: Ohlenbusch Andreas , Jung Klaus , Steinfeld Robert , Gärtner Jutta , Kettwig Matthias
Published: October 2017

Compromised lysosomal functioning has been identified as a major risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Furthermore, the association between a defined cathepsin D (CTSD) polymorphism and a higher risk of sporadic Alzheimer's disease has been established for particular populations. Here, we analyzed 189 children with rare neurodegenerative disease for carrying the T-allele by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. We found no statistical differences in genotype and allele frequencies between the neurodegenerative group and European descent participants of genetic studies using the Cochran–Armitage's trend test. In contrast to adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases, analysis of clinical datasets of children carrying the T-allele did not demonstrate differences to the general disease group.
Die 100 meistzitierten Studien der Glaukomforschung: eine bibliometrische Analyse
Authors: Frings Andreas , Kromer Robert , Ueberschaar Julian , Druchkiv Vasyl , Schargus Marc
Published: October 2017

Hintergrund Bibliometrische Studien sind statistische und quantitative Analysen, die Merkmale von Publikationen in einem Forschungsfeld darstellen und deren Auswirkungen analysieren. Die 100 meistzitierten Studien der Glaukomforschung werden in dieser Arbeit bibliometrisch untersucht.

Material und Methoden Alle themenrelevanten, zwischen 1900 und Dezember 2016 publizierten, Studien zur Glaukomforschung, wurden mithilfe der Datenbanken des Instituts für wissenschaftliche Information identifiziert. Bei den 100 meistzitierten Publikationen wurden folgende Parameter erfasst: Name der Zeitschrift, 1. Erscheinungsjahr der Zeitschrift, Erst- und Letztautor der Studie, Publikationsdatum, geografische Lokalisation der Studie, Gesamtzahl der Zitierungen, Gesamtzitationsrate (Gesamtzitationen/Alter der Publikation), aktuelle Zitationsrate (Anzahl der Zitierungen im Jahr 2015), Hauptforschungsgegenstand (Glaukomchirurgie, medizinische Behandlung, Diagnostik, Epidemiologie oder Grundlagenwissenschaft) und Evidenzgrad der Studie.

Ergebnisse Die Publikationsdaten der 100 meistzitierten Publikationen reichte von 1966 – 2011, die meisten dieser Studien wurden in den 1990er-Jahren veröffentlicht. Die Gesamtzahl der Zitierungen pro Studie betrug 258 – 1908 und alle Studien wurden in 18 ophthalmologischen Fachzeitschriften veröffentlicht. Die führenden Herkunftsländer waren die USA, gefolgt vom UK. Hauptforschungsgegenstand der klinischen Studien waren Diagnostik und Epidemiologie. Die Anzahl der Zitierungen war am größten für Publikationen aus den 2000er-Jahren. Die meisten Studien hatten ein Level-III-Evidenzniveau, gefolgt von einem Level-I- und Level-II-Evidenzniveau.

Schlussfolgerung Die meistzitierten Studien der Glaukomforschung wurden in nur 3 Fachzeitschriften veröffentlicht. Epidemiologie und Diagnostik waren am häufigsten klinischer Hauptforschungsgegenstand und Autoren mit mehreren Publikationen zeigten einen Fokus auf diese beiden Bereiche. Die meisten Studien wurden in den USA durchgeführt, in amerikanischen Zeitschriften publiziert und waren klinische Studien mit Evidenzniveau Level III. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass auch kleine Fallreihen oder Kohortenstudien Aufmerksamkeit erregen konnten.
Insulin und andere injizierbare Antidiabetika richtig verabreichen
Authors: Liersch Jutta
Published: October 2017

In Zeiten sich rasant wandelnder technologischer Möglichkeiten zur Feststellung der aktuellen Glukosewerte – von der kapillaren Blutglukosemessung hin zu deren „Real-time“-Bestimmung im interstitiellen Gewebe – bleibt die subkutane Verabreichung von Insulin eine der Herausforderungen für eine erfolgreiche Diabetestherapie.
Wer macht mit? Zur Repräsentativität einer Elternbefragung im Rahmen der Schuleingangsuntersuchung.
Authors: Wahl Stefanie , Müller-Thur Kathrin , Dragano Nico , Weyers Simone
Published: October 2017

Ziel In einer Studie zur Evaluation von Präventionsangeboten wurde untersucht, welchen Erfolg die Rekrutierung von Familien in schwierigen sozio-ökonomischen Lebenslagen während Routinedatenerhebungen wie der Schuleingangsuntersuchung (SEU) hat.

Methodik Die Eltern wurden mit einem dreistufigen Rekrutierungsverfahren für die Befragung gewonnen. Die Rücklaufquote der Gesamterhebung und der einzelnen Rekrutierungsstufen wurde berechnet. Nicht-Teilnehmer und Teilnehmer wurden nach vier Indikatoren für schwierige Lebenslagen verglichen.

Ergebnisse 52% der Eltern nahmen an der Studie teil. Die Rekrutierungsstufe ‚Fragebogen mit Einladung zur SEU‘ brachte eine Rücklaufquote von 21%, ‚persönliche Ansprache im Gesundheitsamt‘ 28% und ‚Rückumschlag nach Hause‘ 4%. Familien mit niedriger Bildung gehörten häufiger zu den Nicht-Teilnehmern (multivariates Odds Ratio (OR) 2,2; 95%-Konfidenzintervalle (KI) 1,3–3,6). Bei erwerbslosen Familien (OR 1,4; KI 0,6–3,2), Alleinerziehenden (OR 1,0; KI 0,6–1,8) und Familien mit Migrationshintergrund (OR 1,0; KI 0,7–1,5) unterschieden sich die Nicht-Teilnahme und Teilnahme geringfügig.

Schlussfolgerung Die Rücklaufquote war zufriedenstellend. Die persönliche Überreichung der Fragebögen erzielte die höchste Rücklaufquote gegenüber alternativen Ansprachen. Elternbefragungen bei der SEU sind ein vielversprechender Zugang zu Familien in schwierigen sozio-ökonomischen Lebenslagen, wobei Familien mit niedriger Bildung unterrepräsentiert bleiben.