bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Chemical Composition of WD 1145+017: Impact of Circumstellar Disk Contamination on Photospheric Abundances
Authors: Le Bourdais Érika , Dufour Patrick , Xu 许 Siyi 偲艺
Published: December 2024

We performed a chemical analysis of the asteroid-bearing white dwarf WD 1145+017 using optical and ultraviolet spectroscopic data from 25 epochs between 2015 and 2023. We present an updated gas disk model with improved opacity calculations and temperature profiles to properly account for all circumstellar absorption features. Incorporating these changes into our models, we identified at least 11 elements in the disk, including a detection of circumstellar Na. We detected 16 elements in the photosphere, including new detections of P, Co, and Cu. At 16 elements, WD 1145+017 ties GD 362 as one of the most polluted white dwarfs in terms of the number of elements detected. We find that both the disk and photosphere compositions align, to first order, with CI Chondrite. Our study underscores the importance of accounting for circumstellar absorption, as neglecting them leads to significant abundance errors. Additionally, the analysis of the disk’s opacity highlighted an ultraviolet flux reduction due to a pseudo-continuum due to an optically thick component. This result may affect previous analyses of other polluted white dwarfs, suggesting a need for revisiting some studies.
Bayesian Model Reconstruction Based on Spectral Line Observations
Authors: De Ceuster Frederik , Ceulemans Thomas , Decin Leen , Danilovich Taïssa , Yates Jeremy
Published: December 2024

Spectral line observations encode a wealth of information. A key challenge, therefore, lies in the interpretation of these observations in terms of models to derive the physical and chemical properties of the astronomical environments from which they arise. In this paper, we present pomme, an open-source Python package that allows users to retrieve 1D or 3D models of physical properties, such as chemical abundance, velocity, and temperature distributions of (optically thin) astrophysical media, based on spectral line observations. We discuss how prior knowledge, for instance, in the form of a steady-state hydrodynamics model, can be used to guide the retrieval process, and we demonstrate our methods on both synthetic and real observations of cool stellar winds.
Detection of the Orbital Modulation of Fe Kα Fluorescence Emission in Centaurus X-3 Using the High-resolution Spectrometer Resolve on board XRISM
Authors: Mochizuki Yuto , Tsujimoto Masahiro , Kelley Richard L. , Vander Meulen Bert , Enoto Teruaki , Nagai Yutaro , Done Chris , Pradhan Pragati , Hell Natalie , Pottschmidt Katja , Ebisawa Ken , Behar Ehud
Published: December 2024

The Fe Kα fluorescence line emission in X-ray spectra is a powerful diagnostic tool for various astrophysical objects to reveal the distribution of cold matter around photoionizing sources. The advent of the X-ray microcalorimeter on board the XRISM satellite will bring new constraints on the emission line. We present one of the first such results for the high-mass X-ray binary Centaurus X-3, which is composed of an O-type star and a neutron star (NS). We conducted a 155 ks observation covering an entire binary orbit. A weak Fe Kα line was detected in all orbital phases at an equivalent width (EW) of 10–20 eV. We found for the first time that its radial velocity (RV) is sinusoidally modulated by the orbital phase. The RV amplitude is 248 ± 13 km s−1, which is significantly smaller than the value (391 km s−1) expected if the emission is from the NS surface, but is consistent if the emission takes place at the O star surface. We discuss several possibilities of the line production site, including the NS surface, O star surface, O star wind, and accretion stream from the O star to the NS. We ran radiative transfer calculation for some of them assuming spherically symmetric density and velocity profiles and an isotropic distribution of X-ray emission from the NS. None of them explains the observed EW and velocity dispersion dependence on the orbital phase, suggesting that more elaborated modeling is needed. In other words, the present observational results have the capability to constrain deviations from these assumptions.
Observed Fluctuation Enhancement and Departure from WKB Theory in Sub-Alfvénic Solar Wind
Authors: Ruffolo David , Thepthong Panisara , Pongkitiwanichakul Peera , Roy Sohom , Pecora Francesco , Bandyopadhyay Riddhi , Chhiber Rohit , Usmanov Arcadi V. , Stevens Michael , Badman Samuel , Romeo Orlando , Wang 王 Jiaming 嘉明 , Goodwill Joshua , Goldstein Melvyn L. , Matthaeus William H.
Published: December 2024

Using Parker Solar Probe data from orbits 8 through 17, we examine fluctuation amplitudes throughout the critical region where the solar wind flow speed approaches and then exceeds the Alfvén wave speed, taking account of various exigencies of the plasma data. In contrast to WKB theory for noninteracting Alfvén waves streaming away from the Sun, the magnetic and kinetic fluctuation energies per unit volume are not monotonically decreasing. Instead, there is clear violation of conservation of standard WKB wave action, which is consistent with previous indications of strong in situ fluctuation energy input in the solar wind near the Alfvén critical region. This points to strong violations of WKB theory due to nonlinearity (turbulence) and major energy input near the critical region, which we interpret as likely due to driving by large-scale coronal shear flows.
Reconstructing In-channel Processes from the Eberswalde Delta on Mars
Authors: Warrilow Rebecca , Preston Louisa J. , Coates Andrew , Andrews Bobby , Blunden Sam , Carter Katie , Collings Isaac , Di Paolo Mark , Gilbert Edward , Gravestock Elwyn , Hagon Ollie , Kenny Ruby , Knorr Dior , Pizzey Luke , Ruse Isolde , Sedgwick Harry , Sibelly Luca , Williams Fraser , Williamson-White Kayla , Dunn William
Published: December 2024

Studying ancient fluvial landforms on Mars is essential for understanding the planet’s climate history and can provide valuable insights into the intensity and duration of liquid water activity. This research used an Earth-based model to constrain local estimates of fluvial activity at the Eberswalde crater delta on Mars and sharpen our understanding of the sedimentary record with novel grain size and sediment flux calculations at this site. Remote sensing methods were used to reconstruct in-channel processes and estimate the delta formation by sediment transported in intermittent flows over ∼71,500 yr. Such sustained hydrological activity may have once provided habitable conditions at Eberswalde.
A Kato-type criterion for the inviscid limit of the nonhomogeneous NS equations with no-slip boundary condition
Authors: Xi Shuai
Published: December 2024

The objective of this paper is to examine the vanishing viscosity limit of the nonhomogeneous incompressible NS systerm, subject to the no-slip boundary condition. By adopting Kato's approach of constructing an artificial boundary layer [1], within a smooth and bounded domain designated as $ \Omega\subseteq\mathbb{R}^{2} $, we derive a sufficient condition for the convergence to occur uniformly in time within the energy space $ L^{2}(\Omega) $.
Novel Heronian mean based $ m $-polar fuzzy power geometric aggregation operators and their application to urban transportation management
Authors: Ali Ghous , Alsager Kholood
Published: December 2024

An $ m $-polar fuzzy ($ m $F) model offers a practical framework for decision-making by providing higher flexibility in handling uncertainties and preferences. The ability of $ m $F sets to tackle multiple reference points permits for a more nuanced analysis, leading to more accurate results in complex decision scenarios. This study was mainly devoted to introducing three novel aggregation operators (AGOs) for multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) based on generalized geometric Heronian mean (GGHM) operations comprise the concept of $ m $F sets. The presented operators consisted of the weighted $ m $F power GGHM (W$ m $FPGGHM), ordered weighted $ m $F power GGHM averaging (OW$ m $FPGGHM), and hybrid $ m $F power GGHM (H$ m $FPGGHM) operators. Some essential fundamental properties of the proposed AGOs were investigated: idempotency, monotonicity, boundedness, and Abelian property. Furthermore, an algorithm based on the initiated W$ m $FPGGHM operators was developed to address diverse daily-life MCDM scenarios. Next, to validate the efficiency of the established algorithm, it was implemented in a daily-life MCDM problem involving urban transportation management. At last, a sensitivity analysis of the initiated AGOs was provided with existing $ m $F set-based operators involving Dombi, Yager, and Aczel-Alsina's operations-based AGOs.
The $ L_1 $-induced norm analysis for linear multivariable differential equations
Authors: Kim Junghoon , Kim Jung Hoon
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we consider the $ L_1 $-induced norm analysis for linear multivariable differential equations. Because such an analysis requires integrating the absolute value of the associated impulse response on the infinite-interval $ [0, \infty) $, this interval was divided into $ [0, H) $ and $ [H, \infty) $, with the truncation parameter $ H $. The former was divided into $ M $ subintervals with an equal width, and the kernel function of the relevant input\slash output operator on each subinterval was approximated by a $ p $th order polynomial with $ p = 0, 1, 2, 3 $. This derived to an upper bound and a lower bound on the $ L_1 $-induced norm for $ [0, H) $, with the convergence rate of $ 1/M^{p+1} $. An upper bound on the $ L_1 $-induced norm for $ [H, \infty) $ was also derived, with an exponential order of $ H $. Combining these bounds led to an upper bound and a lower bound on the original $ L_1 $-induced norm on $ [0, \infty) $, within the order of $ 1/M^{p+1} $. Furthermore, the $ l_1 $-induced norm of difference equations was tackled in a parallel fashion. Finally, numerical studies were given to demonstrate the overall arguments.
“I used to sing with a wound in the soul/ And metres of pain/ Dying the floor”*: An Interview-Article on Poetry, Translation and the Performativity of Bodies with Dinha
Authors: Fracalanza Laura , Montesi Vanessa
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Dinha (Maria Nilda de Carvalho Mota) is a Brazilian poet, performer, activist and academic from São Paulo. Her poetry lies in the delicate balance between the orality of the saraus – public literary gatherings that foreground bodies and poetic performances – and the graphic constellation of brackets and blank spaces in the written publications of her choreographically composed texts. The duality of her poetry challenges translation and raises important questions about positionality and aesthetic choices. How does Dinha use writing to recreate orality and exert pressure on it? In the movement from writing to reading and back, how does she dismember and reassemble the body in a different medium? And how can we, as intramedial, intercultural, white European translators, perform a similar task in the rendition of her work into a different language? Such are the questions populating our interview with the poet.
Paroles, images et gestes révoltés : l’œuvre avant-gardiste de Ketty La Rocca (1938-1976) comme expérience continuelle de l’altérité
Authors: Gangemi Rosanna
Published: December 2024

Résumé : Aujourd’hui Ketty La Rocca (1938-1976) est considérée comme une des artistes italiennes conceptuelles et verbo-visuelles parmi les plus importantes des années 1960-1970. Depuis quelques années son travail est au centre d’un regain d’intérêt international, comme les nombreuses expositions et acquisitions muséales le confirment. La pierre angulaire de sa recherche, pionnière, complexe, articulée et cohérente, bien que nécessairement courte du fait de sa mort prématurée, est la réflexion sur une communication la plus authentique possible. Elle s’est confrontée à différents dispositifs de communication, les a associés et juxtaposés, en réalisant des œuvres hybrides, poly-matérielles et intermédiales. Révélant à travers ses œuvres des messages idéologiques cachés, elle a montré le pouvoir à la fois manipulateur et limité du langage. Si la condition subalterne de la femme a été un de ses thèmes politiques majeurs, la quête identitaire comme dialogue avec l’altérité a été son sujet existentiel par excellence. Sa manière de faire de l’art comme tentative d’appréhender la réalité et d’agir en conséquence, sans se laisser influencer par des appartenances sectaires, a caractérisé son travail dès ses débuts, constituant l’un de ses héritages les plus importants. Par le biais d’un entrelacement constant entre la parole et l’image, le signe et le corps, Ketty La Rocca a contribué à redéfinir le concept d’œuvre d’art en élargissant ses frontières et en refaçonnant le rapport entre l’émetteur et le récepteur. Selon ces perspectives, son œuvre dans sa globalité, jusqu’ici peu analysée par la critique, fera l’objet de ce propos.
“O melhor e mais obediente filho”
Authors: Faria Tiago Viúla de
Published: December 2024

Entre 1412 e 1433, ano em que será aclamado por rei, o infante herdeiro de Portugal, D. Duarte, assume boa parte das funções régias. Ao longo de duas décadas, o pai (o veterano rei D. João I) valer-se-á do primogénito para auxiliar a governança régia no tocante à administração, à justiça, ou a certos assuntos económicos. Tal tem sido descrito pela historiografia como a “associação” de D. Duarte ao trono. O presente ensaio parte de uma interrogação: Terá tido D. Duarte um papel próprio no campo diplomático? Procurando responder a essa questão, é tida em conta a situação do infante como primeiro na linha sucessória, a sua pertença a uma dinastia que se mostra politicamente muito unida, e as suas próprias concretizações ao nível das relações externas. A documentação gerada em torno de diversos tratados, envolvendo Aragão, Castela e Navarra, parece sobretudo indicar uma postura sóbria e disciplinada por parte do herdeiro, subordinada a uma lógica dinástica em que o monarca detém a última palavra.
Le sabbat et les fêtes juives, jours fériés du calendrier romain. Une victoire politique des juifs italiens à la fin de l’Antiquité
Authors: Nemo-Pekelman Capucine
Published: December 2024

La constitution impériale du 26 juillet 412, que les médiévaux nomment Die Sabbato, fut un succès politique des juifs italiens. Elle eut pour origine l’offensive de chrétiens italiens qui avaient utilisé une procédure, celle de la citation en justice, pour piéger les juifs qui refusaient de se déplacer en justice les jours de sabbat et de fêtes, les exposant à une condamnation pour contumace. On verra que cette offensive s’inscrivait à un moment – entre le ive et le ve siècle – où les Églises de Rome et d’Italie développaient une pastorale qui donnait une nouvelle visibilité à la célébration dominicale ainsi qu’un calendrier martyrial destiné à combler tous les temps de l’année. Or cette entreprise rencontrait sur son chemin les traditions séculaires, en Occident, du sabbat et des fêtes juives. Enfin, nous examinerons comment le pouvoir impérial arbitra cette matière, en montrant que la décision de 412 renouait avec une ancienne tradition – remontant à des lois d’Auguste et de Constantin – qui avait été temporairement rompue sous le règne de Théodose Ier.
L’inclusion ambiguë des juifs dans les villes italiennes du Moyen Âge
Authors: Todeschini Giacomo
Published: December 2024

Entre le xiie et le xve siècle, les juifs italiens ont été perçus différemment par les pouvoir italiens de l’Italie centro-septentrionale et par les pouvoirs des souverains gouvernant les royaumes de Naples et de Sicile. Dans le premier cas, les juifs ne sont pas reconnus comme formant des communautés juridiques : ils sont plutôt identifiés comme des sujets particuliers liés aux gouvernements locaux par des relations économiques multiples. Dans le second cas, au contraire, les chancelleries royales définissent les « juifs » comme des communautés liées au roi par des devoirs fiscaux. Cette situation complexe produit au nord et au centre de la péninsule une condition civique des juifs italiens marquée par l’incertitude de l’appartenance, donc par une citoyenneté précaire et toujours révocable, tandis que, dans le Midi, les juifs se trouvent dans une condition de dépendance directe du pouvoir du roi qui fait d’eux des sujets à la fois séparés et privilégiés. Dans les deux cas, l’inclusion des juifs dans le corps civique et politique est caractérisée par une ambiguïté qui aboutira, à la fin du xve siècle, à une définition du judaïsme comme « crime pourtant non punissable » et, au xvie siècle, à la ghettoïsation.
Godefroy de Bouillon a-t-il trouvé le Graal ? La première croisade et le « vase suspendu » d’Albert d’Aix
Authors: Besson Florian
Published: December 2024

Albert d’Aix, l’un des chroniqueurs de la première croisade, décrit une relique placée au cœur du temple de Salomon, à Jérusalem, que les croisés auraient découverte lors de la prise de la Ville sainte en 1099 : un vase d’or contenant le sang du Christ. Ce Graal « avant la lettre » en dit long sur la manière dont le chroniqueur imagine et fantasme la Terre sainte, mais aussi dont il pense et met en scène la croisade, en général, et celle de Godefroy de Bouillon en particulier.
Arquivos da memória colonial portuguesa: o Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino, 1931-1974
Authors: Garnier Gautier
Published: December 2024

O Arquivo Histórico Colonial foi criado em 1931, no âmbito do Ministério das Colónias, para reunir em Lisboa todos os arquivos relativos ao domínio colonial português. A instituição, que passou a denominar-se Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino em 1951, assumiu particular importância com a política imperial do regime salazarista, uma vez que a massa documental produzida pela administração não parou de crescer. O AHC/AHU é aqui estudado do ponto de vista da questão documental, que se tornou um problema administrativo. A reunião dos papéis do império rapidamente se revelou um empreendimento conflituoso, com outras instituições a recusarem ceder a totalidade ou parte dos seus acervos. Além disso, a criação do AHC obrigou as autoridades a pensarem sobre a circulação dos documentos no interior do império. A utilização do microfilme permitiu colmatar a falta de alguns originais em Lisboa. A falta de espaço levantou a questão do que era um arquivo histórico.
Identidades e diversidade social
Authors: Sciberras de Carvalho Bruno , Da Silva Ramos Ricardo
Published: December 2024

O artigo examina teorias contemporâneas que privilegiam o tema da diversidade social em relação à questão nacional. Em geral, o questionamento central dessas teorias volta-se contra suposições de homogeneidade que marcaram os arranjos sociopolíticos da modernidade, que tenderiam a gerar desigualdades e opressões a determinados grupos sociais. Para analisar as implicações de tal crítica, o artigo faz uma comparação entre conceitos e direções de duas linhagens teóricas, em particular: o comunitarismo e o multiculturalismo. O argumento desenvolvido sustenta que, embora essas teorias assumam exitosamente o desafio de apontar, desde o último quarto do século XX, para as particularidades de grupos socioculturais e para desigualdades geradas por visões nacionais tradicionais, tendem a expressar algumas tensões quando não se enfoca o caráter constituinte dos debates públicos.
Squeezing the good into the right
Authors: Vogelmann Rafael Graebin
Published: December 2024

Some of our reasons for acting are grounded precisely on the fact that we are not fully virtuous agents. This shows that the intuitive view that what we should do is what a virtuous person would do in the circumstances we find ourselves is false. Many take this to show that there is not a close connection between virtue and practical reasons. I hold that this is a mistake. I argue that a failure to act in light of a decisive reason always amounts to a flaw from the standpoint of virtue. This is the case even when it comes to reasons grounded in defects of character. The upshot is that our conception of virtue constraints the normative judgments we can accept. That is the case because every reason must be grounded in a value that is compatible with virtue. I conclude that even though we should not always act as a virtuous person, we should always act in response to values that a virtuous person could uphold.
AI (Artificial Intelligence) for Conflict Resolution and Negotiation
Authors: Karthikeyan C.
Published: December 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into conflict resolution and negotiation processes is transforming how disputes are managed, and decisions are made. This abstract explores the current and future developments in AI technologies aimed at enhancing transparency, accountability, and efficiency in these processes. AI-driven tools such as MediAI, which analyzes social data for community mediation, and blockchain-based smart contracts, are setting new standards for transparency by creating immutable records and providing clear, data-driven insights. Explainable AI (XAI) frameworks are making complex AI decisions more understandable, thereby fostering trust and accountability. Furthermore, advancements in AI for regulatory compliance and document review are streamlining processes and reducing legal risks.
AI in Performance Management
Authors: Thirunagalingam Arunkumar , Addanki Sireesha , Vemula Vamshidhar Reddy , Selvakumar P.
Published: December 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing many facets of modern business, and one of the most transformative areas is performance management. Traditionally, performance management has been characterized by annual reviews, subjective evaluations, and a focus on past performance. However, AI is redefining this landscape, introducing new methodologies and tools that offer more dynamic, objective, and data-driven approaches to managing and enhancing employee performance.Moreover, AI enhances the feedback process by providing actionable insights that are often more specific and relevant than those derived from traditional review methods. For instance, AI can highlight recurring issues that might not be immediately obvious to human reviewers, enabling proactive management and support. By analyzing individual performance data, AI can recommend tailored training and development opportunities that align with each employee's strengths, weaknesses, and career goals.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Influences on Strategic Decision-Making
Authors: Karthikeyan C.
Published: December 2024

As we advance into an era marked by rapid technological evolution, artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to fundamentally transform strategic decision-making across industries. By 2030, AI is anticipated to usher in an unprecedented phase of hyper-personalization and autonomous decision-making, redefining how organizations approach strategic planning and operational management. AI-driven predictive models will enable businesses to achieve unparalleled precision in forecasting market trends, customer behaviours, and potential disruptions, thereby enhancing strategic agility and decision-making accuracy. The rise of hyper-personalization will allow companies to tailor every facet of customer interaction to individual preferences, fostering deeper engagement and loyalty. Concurrently, autonomous decision-making systems will optimize operations by leveraging real-time data, minimizing human error, and accelerating decision-making processes.
Hepatitis-associated aplastic anaemia linked to increased chromosomal breaks: a case report
Authors: Gurusinghe Dilani , Costa Yasintha , Dissanayake Thanuja , Mettananda Sachith
Published: December 2024

No abstract available
Effectiveness of task specific trunk movement training exercise protocol in rehabilitation of infants and children with high predictive value of cerebral palsy
Authors: Sukirthan S. , Senanayake S. P. , Jayawardana P. , Wijesekara D. S. , Arunachalam R.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation that is attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain.Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of Task-specific Trunk Movement Training (TTMT) exercise protocol in rehabilitation of infants and children with high predictive value of CP.Method: The research design was a single blind randomized control trial. Forty-six children were selected and randomized into control group (n=23) and intervention group (n=23). Control group was provided with routine exercises and intervention group was provided with routine exercises and TTMT exercise protocol. The intervention was provided for 3 months. At the first session (1st week) and end of third month, the outcome measure (gross motor function measure) was used by a blinded evaluator who is a physiotherapist and not an employee of the study centre.   Results: The study shows improvement in both groups (intervention and control). The intervention group showed a significant improvement in 1st month and 2nd month compared to control group in gross motor function measure scale.Conclusions: TTMT is an effective exercise protocol for training trunk movements in infants and children with high predictive value of CP.
Leaving no one behind: Disability and HIV prevention, knowledge among adults in a population cohort in Uganda
Authors: Mugisha Joseph O. , Makanga Ronald , Kimono Beatrice W. , Kasamba Ivan
Published: December 2024

Background: People with disability are a vulnerable population and are at a high risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.Objectives: We investigated the association between severity of disability and not having knowledge of any HIV prevention method among adults in Uganda.Method: Between January 2015 and December 2015, data were collected within a general population in Uganda, on six domains of disability based on the Washington Group Short Set on Functioning. In addition, routine data on socio-demographic factors and other HIV-related data were collected among adults aged 16 years and above. A continuum of functioning was developed: without disability, mild, moderate and severe. Bivariate and multivariate associations of disability and not knowing any HIV prevention method were fitted using logistic regression models.Results: A total of 3,331 adults (60.4% female) were included. Of these, 14.5% (n = 482) were classified as having either moderate or severe disability, and this proportion exponentially increased with age (p  0.001). Overall, 4.2% (n = 140) reported not knowing any HIV prevention method, with a slightly higher proportion among females than males (3.1% in males, 4.9% in females). Compared to people with no disability, those with moderate or severe disability were 5 times more unlikely to know any HIV prevention methods (adjusted odds ratio = 5.45, 95% confidence interval = 3.25 -9.13, p  0.001). Additionally, the combined effect of moderate and severe disability and none/incomplete primary education increased the likelihood of not knowing HIV prevention methods over and beyond their separate effects (p  0.001).Conclusion: Effective HIV prevention strategies must integrate best practices that target people with disabilities.Contribution: These findings contribute to the evidence of the lack of HIV prevention knowledge among people with disabilities in general populations.
Colonoscopy Participation Rate and its Determinants among First-Degree Relatives of Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Paul Teenu , Georgy Sneha , Saju C. R. , Jini M. P.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern. First-degree relatives (FDR) of colorectal cancer patients are at higher risk of developing the disease, emphasizing the importance of screening by colonoscopy. Screening behavior can be influenced by healthcare system-related and psychological factors. There is a scarcity of studies related to this in India.

Objectives:

We aimed to assess the participation rate in colonoscopy and its determinants among first-degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 first-degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients in a tertiary care center in Kerala from February to August 2023 using a pre-validated questionnaire based on the health belief model (HBM). An interview was conducted, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.

Results:

Of the 60 first-degree relatives assessed, only 8% had undergone colorectal cancer screening by colonoscopy. Mean age at diagnosis of CRC in the index patient was 62 ± 8 years, while the mean age of FDRs at diagnosis was 45.53 ± 10.1 years. HBM variables, namely, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and cues to action, were observed to have a statistically significant association with the uptake of the colonoscopy screening procedure. “Fear of the screening procedure” (38%) was the most frequently observed barrier for undergoing colonoscopy screening.

Conclusion:

Knowledge about the facilitators and barriers to screening behavior among first-degree relatives will help healthcare providers tackle the low screening rates and reduce the burden of colorectal cancer in these vulnerable populations.
Patient’s Perception in Sequential LASIK and PRK Surgeries: A Comparison of Fellow Eyes
Authors: Meena Ashok Kumar , Parmar Gautam Singh , Prasad Sonali , Nakra Sidharth
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To analyze the patient’s perception in consecutive eyes undergoing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgeries.

Settings:

This study was carried out in a tertiary care ophthalmic institute in central India.

Design:

This study was a prospective cohort study.

Materials and Methods:

Patients eligible for consecutive LASIK or PRK in both eyes were included. A complete ophthalmic evaluation, along with a preoperative anxiety Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) score (range 6–30) and a postoperative pain Visual Analog Scale score (0–10), was performed by a trained investigator. Hemodynamic parameters were also measured.

Results:

A total of 101 patients were included in the LASIK group and 32 in the PRK group. Both patients were divided into group A, with the right eye operated on first, and group B, with the left eye operated on first. The mean pain score in LASIK patients in the second eye was 3.11 ± 2.12 (mean ± standard deviation) and 1.78 ± 1.83 in the first eye, and in PRK patients, it was 3.91 ± 2.29 in the second eye and 2.59 ± 2.55 in the first eye. About 67.3% in the LASIK group complained of more pain in the second eye compared with 56.25% in the PRK group. APAIS score comparison between the two eyes was not statistically significant among the two groups. The patients also showed a significant intraoperative change (P < 0.001) in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. No significant difference was seen between the intraoperative pulse, spherical equivalent, pachymetry, preoperative keratometry, or static cyclotorsion in the groups.

Conclusion:

Pain experienced in the second eye was more compared with the first eye, with a significant change in hemodynamics during second eye surgery in both LASIK and PRK patients.
Vision Impairment in Glaucoma: Current Scenario
Authors: Singh Mamta , Mishra Deepak , Sinha Bibhuti Prassan , Mishra Sujeet Kumar
Published: December 2024

Glaucoma is the third most common cause of blindness in the world. It affects nearly 12 million Indians, causing blindness in 1.5 million of them. Every eighth Indian over the age of 40 year is either at risk or is suffering from glaucoma. Although primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is more prevalent in India, blindness is more common due to primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). The prevalence of blindness caused by POAG varies from 1.5% to 11.1%, while that caused by PACG varies from 5.9% to 20%. This causes an irreversible loss of vision and has a huge psycho-somatic and financial impact on the patient’s life. It decreases the overall quality of life. The key to preventing glaucoma blindness lies in creating awareness in the community toward this disease and early case detection and treatment. More than 90% of Indian glaucoma patients are unaware of the type and severity of their condition. Glaucoma has been recognized as a priority disease in the National Health Mission (12th five-year plan) by the Government of India. A cost-effective, combined community-based mass screening for all blinding diseases, along with clinic-based opportunistic screening, particularly of “at-risk” population and the use of portable newer diagnostic tools and software, can increase the efficacy of these screening programs. A focused training program for healthcare professionals at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels will not only increase the accuracy of glaucoma diagnosis but also reduce the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of these patients. Preparation of a cost-effective and convenient module of treatment customized for our country, supporting the ocular, physical, and emotional wellness of patients is a crucial step of its management.
Comparison of rituximab vs. cyclophosphamide in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease and its correlation with spirometry
Authors: Saleem Mohammed Abdullah , Parveen Atiya , Ahmed Fazeel Zubair
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is a significant health concern affecting a substantial population in India. This study outlines the limitations of current treatment options. Specifically, the toxicity of cyclophosphamide sets the stage for investigating the comparative effectiveness of rituximab in the context of RA-ILD. Methodology: This randomized, open-label study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of rituximab and cyclophosphamide in treating severe or progressive RA-ILD. The inclusion and exclusion criteria, randomization process, and treatment protocols for each group are thoroughly described. The study’s ethical considerations, adherence to guidelines, and approval from the institutional ethics committee are highlighted. The comprehensive methodology encompasses patient recruitment, informed consent, treatment administration, and the rigorous assessment of clinical and spirometry parameters over a 48-week period. Results: The study enrolled 95 RA-ILD patients, randomly assigning them to rituximab and cyclophosphamide groups. The mean age, gender distribution, and baseline clinical parameters were comparable between the groups. Spirometry measurements, including forced vital capacity (FVC), were assessed at regular intervals up to 48 weeks. Results indicate that both rituximab and cyclophosphamide groups demonstrated improvement in FVC from baseline, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups at 24 and 48 weeks. Quality of life parameters, adverse effects, and other relevant clinical endpoints are thoroughly reported. Conclusion: Rituximab emerges as a comparable alternative to cyclophosphamide in increasing FVC and improving quality of life parameters in RA-ILD patients. Notably, rituximab demonstrated a superior safety profile with fewer adverse effects.
Micronutrient needs in critically Ill children undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy and protein requirements in acute kidney injury patients
Authors: Demirkol Demet , Cortina Gerard , Deep Akash
Published: December 2024

Nutrition is one of the cornerstones in the treatment and support of critically ill patients. Nutritional support includes the provision of calories, protein, electrolytes, vitamins, and trace elements through enteral or parenteral routes. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem in critically ill patients and can lead to severe consequences, impacting metabolism and nutritional status significantly. Furthermore, regardless of the modality used, renal replacement therapy (RRT) has profound effects on metabolism. Evidence on nutritional support during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is limited, and there are no established clinical guidelines for nutritional adaptations during CRRT in critically ill patients. This review outlines some essential principles for providing micronutrient support in critically ill patients undergoing CRRT and protein requirements in AKI patients.
Clinical evaluation of AYUSH-SL in patients receiving mass drug administration for the treatment of chronic inflammatory lymphedema, a double blind, placebo controlled, multicentric study
Authors: Mitra Achintya , Bhuyan Gurucharan , Muralikrishna C , Naser SM , Ratha KK , Babu G , Venkateswarlu B , Dhoke Sujata , Bagchi Chiranjib , Singh Renu , Tripathi Arunabh , Rana Rakesh , Sharma BS , Khanduri Shruti , Gupta Bharti , Rao BCS , Kumar Adarsh , Padhi MM , Srikanth N , Dhiman KS , Tripathi K Santanu
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives:

A 2.5-year placebo controlled double blind trial was conducted to investigate the safety and efficacy of AYUSH- SL, a poly- herbal Ayurvedic formulation on filarial lymphedema in different endemic areas of India. Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is caused by parasitic nematodes from Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, or B. timori that are transmitted through mosquitoes. In Ayurveda, LF has been elaborately narrated under the heading Shlipada, and the literature also includes detailed therapeutic measures.

Methods:

The multicenter, prospective, parallel group interventional study of a total of 180 participants were recruited within the duration through competitive enrollment. Diagnosed cases of grade I and grade II filarial lymphedema of Grade I and Grade II (lower extremities) were included in the trial. The study group was treated with MDA and AYUSH-SL or its placebo tablet.

Results:

The control group had received MDA and a matching placebo. The primary outcome measure was the reduction in edema calculated for analysis by percentage reduction from baseline at the 4th, 12th and 24th week. Secondary outcome measures included improved quality of life (QoL), which was assessed using the Lymphatic Filariasis Specific QoL Questionnaire, and prevention of recurrence of acute episodes, which was evaluated by investigating the presence and severity of episodes in the past 4 weeks. The water displacement method for the evaluation of the efficacy of the intervention was shown to be highly significant compared to the baseline value (right leg; 3071.60 ± 970.482, 2828.40±829.339, p<0.001and Left leg; 3158.69 ± 1136.391, 2890.73 ±1077.475, p<0.001).

Interpretation & conclusion:

There was significant improvement of Quality of Life in the LF QoL Questionnaire (p <0.001) at each follow-up visit in both groups. Safety estimations on hematologic and biochemical parameters were within limits and or changes were not significant. The results revealed that AYUSH- SL is safe and effective for FL due to its comprehensive anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-allergic activities.
Ethernet-Based IDS for Zonal Architecture
Authors: Appajosyula kalyanSaiVitalVamsi
Published: December 2024

In an era where automotive technology is rapidly advancing towards autonomy and connectivity, the significance of Ethernet in ensuring automotive cybersecurity cannot be overstated. As vehicles increasingly rely on high-speed communication networks like Ethernet, the seamless exchange of information between various vehicle components becomes paramount. This paper introduces a pioneering approach to fortifying automotive security through the development of an Ethernet-Based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) tailored for zonal architecture.

Ethernet serves as the backbone for critical automotive applications such as advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), infotainment systems, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, necessitating high-bandwidth communication channels to support real-time data transmission. Additionally, the transition from traditional domain-based architectures to zonal architectures underscores Ethernet's role in facilitating efficient communication between different vehicle zones, thereby reducing wiring complexity and enhancing scalability.

However, the increasing adoption of Ethernet in automotive networks also brings forth new cybersecurity challenges. Ethernet-based communication introduces vulnerabilities that malicious actors can exploit to compromise vehicle systems' integrity and security. To address these challenges, robust cybersecurity measures are imperative.

This paper will introduce various sensors and methods designed to detect intrusions in Ethernet-based automotive architectures. Leveraging insights from the Automotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR) specification, innovative IDS models will be developed to monitor and counter threats targeting AUTOSAR diagnostics. These IDS models will utilize advanced detection mechanisms, including signature-based, anomaly-based, and machine-learning techniques, to swiftly identify and neutralize cyber threats in real-time.

By seamlessly integrating with AUTOSAR stacks and Ethernet communication protocols, these IDS models will offer heightened security, real-time threat detection, and adaptability to emerging threats. This research represents a significant advancement in automotive cybersecurity, emphasizing the importance of integrating robust security measures into the fabric of automotive technology to ensure the safety and reliability of autonomous and connected vehicles.
Examining Ethanol-Biodiesel-Diesel Blends: Impact on Diesel Passenger Car Performance and Emissions under Legislative Test Cycles
Authors: Dhyani Vipin , Patil Yogesh J , Singhal Nikita , Khandai Chinmayananda , Kannala Raghava , Muralidharan M
Published: December 2024

Incorporating ethanol and biodiesel into diesel fuel offers substantial benefits from bioenergy perspective. To assess the effect of these alternative fuels, a study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of Ethanol-Biodiesel-Diesel blends (BD7, E2B7, E5B7) on the performance and emissions of a diesel car under Modified Indian Driving Cycle (MIDC), Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC), wide-open throttle (WOT), and acceleration tests. A four-cylinder 1.5L Common Rail Turbo based diesel passenger car was selected for the study. The test findings revealed that under MIDC conditions, biodiesel blend (BD7) resulted in higher CO emissions compared to neat diesel, but these emissions decreased with the addition of ethanol (E2B7 and E5B7) due to ethanol's embedded oxygen content. While biodiesel lowered THC emissions, these emissions increased when ethanol was added. NOx emissions increased with biodiesel due to its higher cetane number and shorter ignition delay, and this trend persisted with the E5B7 blend. Under WLTC conditions, BD7 showed higher CO emissions. However, THC emissions decreased across all blends compared to neat diesel, while NOx emissions increased. CO2 emissions, on the other hand, decreased with all blends due to their lower carbon content and improved combustion efficiency. Despite a reduction in calorific value, a marginal improvement in fuel economy was observed. In terms of vehicle performance, the vehicle power remained consistent with improved acceleration time with respect to fuel blends. These results highlight the potential of ethanol-biodiesel-diesel blends to reduce CO2 emissions and improve fuel economy, with the challenge of increased NOx. Long duration trials focusing on vehicle durability including fuel system’s performance, are needed to ensure the viability of these blends in diesel vehicles.
Data Quality Evaluation and Assurance of Emissions on IC Engine
Authors: Baraskar Shweta , Rajoapdhye Sunil , Dhuri Santosh , Patil Rahul , Mudassir Mohammed , Phadke Abhijit Narahari , Mokhadkar Rahul
Published: December 2024

Engines are the predominant source of Earth’s air pollution contributor, hence there are various emission laws which mandate the use of emission test cycle to verify that engine adhere to predetermined emission limits. A protocol found in an emission standard that enables consistent and comparable measurement of exhaust emissions for various engines is known as an emission test cycle. The values of emission parameters are the result of emission cycle. Measurements of GHG (Green House Gas) emissions - particulate number and particulate matter, carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbon, and nitrogen oxides are used to determine exhaust gas thermodynamic characteristics, fuel-air ratio, combustion efficiency, and emission indices, as they link engine performance to environmental impact. The engine and after-treatment system’s exhaust emissions are currently having a significant negative impact on the environment. The emission indices (EI) are the characteristics that engine engineers and atmospheric emissions regulatory agencies are most interested in.

This paper provides information for the analysis and assessment of emissions from diesel engines. This paper will elaborate the concept of the entire testbed configuration, the associated emission cycles, and the relevant European emission standards for diesel engines. The paper focuses on elaborating challenges seen on achieving boundary conditions & controlling measurement uncertainty, establish data quality checks with complexity of equipment's, engine and aftertreatment system interactions. In summary, it also discusses establishing the processes for Right First-Time and result accuracy for improving the productivity of the labs and the environmental impact reduction.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Electromagnetic NVH in Electric Powertrain
Authors: Joshi Nakul , Kumar Vinit , Tsoulfaidis Antonios , Huang Zhenhua , Schmaedicke Marcel , Fialek Gregory , Zhang Dapu , Wimmer Joe
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of NVH in electric powertrains due to electromagnetic sources is presented. The spatial harmonics model of the traction motor, which is dependent on the motor design structure, rotor poles, stator teeth, and slots, is used for the analysis of the electromagnetic forces from the motor in the electric powertrain. The time harmonics model of the injected current of the motor dependent on the drive electrical circuit and control strategy is also considered for the electromagnetic force calculation. A complete workflow of this electromagnetic NVH analysis for electric powertrain covering the spatial harmonics and time harmonics model is presented. The spatial harmonics model result is presented as flux linkage with respect to dq-axes current and rotor position. The time harmonics are also presented by the injected current of the motor. In addition, a set of operating points on the torque-speed boundary of the traction motor is selected and results are applied in the NVH analysis. As a result, the finite element simulation and the comparison of different noise levels demonstrate the capability of this method and lay the basis for future electromagnetic NVH performance optimization.