bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica orientada pela transdisciplinaridade
Authors: Silva Antonio Waldimir Leopoldino da , Selig Paulo Maurício
Published: September 2015

Situada na interface entre ciência, política e sociedade, a Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE) envolve múltiplas áreas de saber e questões sujeitas a juízos de valor. Este trabalho visou analisar a inter-relação entre perfil transdisciplinar da AAE, conhecimento local (CL), participação do público e efetividade da avaliação. A AAE orientada à transdisciplinaridade (AAEt) permite melhor abordagem do contexto em estudo, por integrar concepções e perspectivas de agentes com diferentes formações, saberes, experiências e visões de mundo. O CL atua como um conhecimento contextual, que complementa o conhecimento científico. A AAEt deve pautar-se por uma política de envolvimento continuado entre cientistas e leigos, por meio da participação colaborativa de atores sociais. Em conjunto, esses elementos levam à maior aceitação dos resultados pelos interessados, aumentando a efetividade da ferramenta.
Monitoramento da radioatividade alfa relacionada ao radônio-222 em águas de poços da região metropolitana de Curitiba (PR)
Authors: Corrêa Janine Nicolosi , Paschuk Sergei Anatolyevich , Kappke Jaqueline , Denyak Valeriy , Schelin Hugo Reuters , Claro Flávia Del , Perna Allan Felipe Nunes , Reque Marilson , Rocha Zildete , Santos Talita Oliveira
Published: September 2015

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os níveis de concentração de radônio 222Rn em águas de poços da região metropolitana de Curitiba, Paraná. O trabalho apresenta os resultados das concentrações das medidas feitas em águas de poços da região. As concentrações de 222Rn nas amostras das águas de poços foram medidas por meio do monitor de radônio AlphaGUARD. Os cálculos das concentrações de atividade iniciais de radônio na água foram feitos a partir da curva de decaimento do 222Rn e do equilíbrio secular entre o 222Rn e o 226Ra, observados depois de 30 dias. Os resultados indicaram que cerca de 70% dos valores das concentrações de 222Rn ficaram acima do valor recomendado pela USEPA, de 11,1 Bq.L-1, representando risco radiológico causado por este radionuclídeo. O estudo de caso apresentado mostrou que medidas prévias de radônio são recomendadas para que um projeto de construção seja implementado. No caso em questão, observa-se que as concentrações de radônio diminuem cerca de 56% na primeira caixa d'água e 83% na segunda em relação ao poço. Esse fato mostra que as ações para mitigação de radônio são viáveis e não exigem grandes modificações nos sistemas usuais da construção civil.
Thoracic trauma: analysis of 100 consecutive cases
Authors: Scapolan Maíra Benito , Vieira Nathália Lins Pontes , Nitrini Silvia Stiefano , Saad Junior Roberto , Gonçalves Roberto , Perlingeiro Jacqueline Arantes Giannini , Rivaben Jorge Henrique
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze thoracic trauma assisted by the Emergency Service of Hospital da Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo. Methods: One hundred patients with thoracic trauma were assisted throughout six months in 2006. Data from their records were collected and a protocol of thoracic trauma was fulfilled. The Revised Trauma Score was used to evaluate gravity of injury and to calculate the survival index. Results: Prevalence of trauma injury in male from 20 to 29 years old was observed. Out of all patients, 44 had blunt trauma and 56 penetrating trauma (78.6% presented stab wounds and 21.4% gun shots). Up to the settings of injuries, 23% were in the thoracoabdominal transition, 7% in the precordium and 70% in the remainder thoracic area. In those with the thoracoabdominal transition injury, 22.7% were hemodynamically unstable and 77.3% stable. Thoracoabdominal injury patients presented 40.9% of diaphragm wound and all were stable. Of those with precordium wound, 37.5% presented cardiac injury. In cardiac onset, 66.7% presented stable and 33.3% unstable. Thoracic drainage was the most accomplished surgical procedure (71%). Conclusions: The thoracic trauma patient is most prevalently young male with stab wound penetrating injury, without associated injuries, hemodynamically stable, presenting hemothorax, with high probability of survival.
Research knowledge in undergraduate school in Brazil: a comparison between medical and law students
Authors: Reis Filho Antonio José Souza , Andrade Bruno Bezerril , Mendonça Vitor Rosa Ramos de , Barral-Netto Manoel
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: Exposure to science education during college may affect a student's profile, and research experience may be associated with better professional performance. We hypothesized that the impact of research experience obtained during graduate study differs among professional curricula and among graduate courses. Methods: A validated multiple-choice questionnaire concerning scientific concepts was given to students in the first and fourth years of medical and law school at a public Brazilian educational institution. Results: Medical students participated more frequently in introductory scientific programs than law students, and this trend increased from the first to the fourth years of study. In both curricula, fourth-year students displayed a higher percentage of correct answers than first-year students. A higher proportion of fourth-year students correctly defined the concepts of scientific hypothesis and scientific theory. In the areas of interpretation and writing of scientific papers, fourth-year students, in both curricula, felt more confident than first-year students. Although medical students felt less confident in planning and conducting research projects than law students, they were more involved in research activities. Conclusion: Medical graduation seems to favor the development of critical scientific maturity than law graduation. Specific policy in medical schools is a reasonable explanation for medical students’ participation in more scientific activities.
The effects of alcohol in newborns
Authors: Mesquita Maria dos Anjos
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article was to present a review of the effects of alcohol consumption by pregnant mothers on their newborn. Definitions, prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, follow-up, treatment and prevention were discussed. A search was performed in Medline, LILACS, and SciELO databases using the following terms: “fetus”, “newborn”, “pregnant woman”, “alcohol”, “alcoholism”, “fetal alcohol syndrome”, and “alcohol-related disorders”. Portuguese and English articles published from 2000 to 2009 were reviewed. The effects of alcohol consumed by pregnant women on newborns are extremely serious and occur frequently; it is a major issue in Public Health worldwide. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders cause harm to individuals, their families, and the entire society. Nevertheless, diagnostic difficulties and inexperience of healthcare professionals result in such damage, being remembered rarely or even remaining uncovered. Alcohol-related injury to the fetus is fully avoidable; all it takes is for women not to drink alcoholic beverages during pregnancy. Therefore, detecting women who consume alcohol during pregnancy is paramount, as are specific programs to educate people about the consequences of alcohol use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Misoprostol for Termination of Second Trimester Pregnancy
Authors: Shrestha Sarada Duwal , Singh Alka , RC Laxmi , Pradhan Benita , Shah Wufei , Shrestha Reena
Published: September 2015

Introductions: The termination of second trimester pregnancy is challenging due unfavorable cervix. This study evaluate the efficacy and maternal side effects of intravaginal misoprostol for termination of second trimester pregnancy. Methods: During one year period from 15th June 2011 to 14th June 2012, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Patan Hospital, women admitted for second trimester termination of pregnancy for fetal congenital anomalies and intrauterine fetal demise were studied using the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics recommended doses of vaginal misoprostol. For congenital anomalies, 400 mcg 3 hourly to a maximum of 5 doses were used. For fetal demise, gestational age of 13-17 weeks received 200 mcg every 6 hourly to a maximum of 4 doses, and 18-26 weeks dose was adjusted to 100 mcg. Main outcome measures included success rate of abortion within 48 hours, induction to delivery interval and maternal side effects. Results: There were 40 patients during study period. Success rate for termination of 2nd trimester pregnancy within 48 hours was 88.8% for congenital anomalies. For fetal demise, success of termination was 90.9% at 13-17 weeks and 100% at 18-26 weeks. Median time from induction to delivery was 26.8 hours for congenital anomalies. For fetal demise, it was 18 hours for 13-17 weeks was and 24 hours at 18 to 26 weeks respectively. Abdominal pain was seen in all doses of misoprostol. Conclusions: Vaginal misoprostol is an effective method for termination of second trimester pregnancy. Plain Language Summary: The study was conducted to see the effectiveness of vaginal misoprostol for termination of second trimester pregnancy. The success rate of termination for congenital abnormality and fetal demise was high. Vaginal misoprostol was an effective method for termination of second trimester pregnancy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v1i1.13010 Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):16-19
Conversion from Laparoscopic to Open Cholecystectomy
Authors: Shrestha Samir , Shah Surendra S , Poudyal Sanjay , Shah Jay N , Jaiswal Vijay Kumar
Published: September 2015

Introductions: With the advent of newer technology, the era of open surgery for gall bladder diseases has been preferably taken over by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, certain cases still require conversion to open surgery. In this review we aim to analyze the reason for conversion. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Patan Hospital, Patan Acdemy of Health Sciences, Nepal. All patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy from February 2009 to July 2012 were included in the study. File numbers of all the patients were obtained from operation room register. The patient files were analyzed for age, sex, duration of symptoms, liver function tests, ultrasound findings and the description in operation note for reason for conversion. Results: The age ranged from 12 to 81 years with mean age of patients 32.76 years and male to female ratio 1:2.9. The mean operating time was 65 minutes and average post operative hospital stay was 1.61 days. Out of 305 patients, 34 (11.14%) required open conversion. Factors responsible for open conversion were dense fibrosis at Calots in 11 (3.6%), adhesions due to previous abdominal surgery in 6 (1.9%), uncontrollable bleeding in 5 (1.6%), bile duct injury in 4 (1.3%) cholecystoenteric fistula in 3 (0.9%), Mirizzi’s syndrome 2(0.6%). Conclusions: Adhesions at the calot’s triangle was the common reason for conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy. Plain Language Summary: This study was conducted to determine the predictive factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The study found that dense adhesion around calot’s triangle and adhesions pertaining to previous abdominal surgery were the main reasons for conversion to open surgery. So, before embarking on laparoscopic cholecystectomy, it is essential to take detail history and examination, to rule out the probable cause of conversion beforehand and minimize; morbidity, duration of surgery and cost. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v1i1.13013 Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):30-32
Spirometry Findings in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Shrestha Ashis , Bajrachraya Sumana
Published: September 2015

Introductions: Clinical diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is often not accurate and treated for prolong duration. This study explores the use of pulmonary function test to confirm the diagnosis and further management of such patients. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal. All patients coming for spirometry between June 2012 and May 2013 with the clinical diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were enrolled in the study. Results: Out of 338 patients with clinical diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that underwent spirometry, 80 (23.7%) patients had ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity less than 70%. Out of these 80 patients, 50 (14.8%) had irreversible airway obstruction and 30 (8.9%) had reversible airway obstruction. Patient with normal spirometry findings was 258(76.3%). Conclusions: Clinically diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is best confirmed by spirometry for optimum management. Plain Language Summary: The study was done to see whether the clinical diagnosis of COPD is accurate of not. The study found that most of the patient diagnosed as COPD did not have the disease on spirometry. So, diagnosis of COPD should always be aided by spirometry before starting long term treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v1i1.13014 Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):33-35
Incretin System: Recent Advances in Glucagon Like Peptide-1 and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors
Authors: Mahaseth Rameshwar
Published: September 2015

The endogenous incretins, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and Glucagon-like peptide, are peptide hormones secreted from endocrine cells in the small intestine. Glucagon-like peptide-1 stimulates insulin and suppresses glucagon secretion, delays gastric emptying, and reduces appetite and food intake, which explains the positive effect of incretin mimetics on weight. The incretins have also been shown to have a sustained improvement in glycemic control over three years. A wide range of cardiovascular benefits have also been claimed, such as lowering of blood pressure and postprandial lipids. Clinical trials with the incretin mimetic exenatide and liraglutide show reductions in fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations, and haemoglobin A1c (1–2%), associated with weight loss (2–5 kg). The most common adverse event associated with Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists is nausea, which lessens over time. Orally administered Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors reduce hemoglobin A1c by 0·5–1·0%, with few adverse effects and no weight gain. These new classes of anti-diabetic agents also expand β-cell mass in preclinical studies. However, long-term clinical studies are still needed to determine the benefits of incretin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v1i1.13015 Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):36-42
Perforated Jejunal Diverticulum - an Unusual Presentation
Authors: Koirala Kamal , Khakurel Mahesh , Barai Reeta
Published: September 2015

Jejunal diverticula are rare and usually asymptomatic. Acute complications may include haemorrhage, diverticulitis, obstruction, abscess formation and perforation. Here we report a case of 61 years lady who presented with generalized abdominal pain, vomiting and fever. There were features of acute peritonitis on examination. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a perforated jejunal diverticulum. Resection of the jejunal segment containing the perforated diverticulum and primary anastomosis was done. Histopathological examination revealed jejunal diverticulum with pinhole perforation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v1i1.13016   Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):43-45
Traditional Healing Practices in Rural Nepal
Authors: Baniya Richa
Published: September 2015

Traditional healing practices in rural Nepal has emerged together with its culture and tradition. In the rural areas traditional culture is still predominant and western allopathic medicine has yet to reach those areas. People of rural societies are reluctant to accept changes in their cultural practices. There are also a lot of factors that make people choose traditional healers in lieu of modern hospital/heath post services. However, modern health services are slowly replacing traditional healing practices in rural parts of Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v1i1.13019 Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):52-53
Reflection on Peer Assisted Learning at PAHS
Authors: KC Anil , Karki Sandesh
Published: September 2015

Peer tutoring is an organized learning experience in which one student serves as the teacher or tutor, and one is the learner or tutee. Peerteachers and their students share a similar knowledge base and learning experience, which allows the peer-teachers to use language that their learners understand and to explain concepts at an appropriate level. Peerteachers and student-learners also share a similar social context because of their similar social roles, and because of this, student learners feel more at ease with a peer teacher than with a senior clinician. Peer tutoring is a beneficial way for students to learn from each other in the classroom and in small groups, so benefit is not only for the tutee but also to the tutor, predominantly through the development of their own clinical and teaching skills and from the positive feedback obtained by their tutees, thus creating a highly pleasant learning atmosphere and a win-win situation for all.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v1i1.13020 Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):54-56
Impact of Educational Intervention on Knowledge and Practice of Universal Precautions among Nurses
Authors: Shrestha Indra
Published: September 2015

Introductions: The purpose of this study was to find out the effectiveness of educational intervention in improving knowledge and practice of universal precautions among nurses. Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study conducted at Patan Hospital in August 2008. Fifty nurses with minimum one year of experience were included. Twelve, out of 50 samples were selected by drawing lot for the study of practice of universal precautions. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to measure the knowledge and practice of universal precautions. Results: The findings revealed that there was significant difference in the pre and post-intervention test mean knowledge. The grand mean score of knowledge and practice of universal precautions as a whole were 31.86 and 44.55 with standard deviations of 10.46 and 3.90; and 68.61 and 87.70 with standard deviations of 3.70 and 2.55 in the pre and post intervention tests respectively. Conclusions: Educational intervention had significant role in increasing knowledge and practice of universal precautions among nurses. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v1i1.13021 Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):57-60
Nursing Posting for Medical Students
Authors: Shah Jay N , Shrestha Ashis
Published: September 2015

Nursing perspective is different from doctors. It is a known fact that doctors and nurses must work together for the better patient care. It is very important for doctors to know how nursing services are provided. Moreover a good communication and team work is an essence of present medical service. So, this attitude should be embedded in the medical education to decrease professional distance and increase mutual respect in future. PAHS has provided this opportunity as a nursing posting with a vision of holistic teaching of medical students and shaping a positive attitude towards all health care providers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v1i1.13022   Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):61-63
Effects of range‐wide variation in climate and isolation on floral traits and reproductive output of Clarkia pulchella
Authors: Bontrager Megan , Angert Amy L.
Published: September 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Plant mating systems and geographic range limits are conceptually linked by shared underlying drivers, including landscape‐level heterogeneity in climate and in species' abundance. Studies of how geography and climate interact to affect plant traits that influence mating system and population dynamics can lend insight to ecological and evolutionary processes shaping ranges. Here, we examined how spatiotemporal variation in climate affects reproductive output of a mixed‐mating annual, Clarkia pulchella. We also tested the effects of population isolation and climate on mating‐system‐related floral traits across the range.

METHODS:

We measured reproductive output and floral traits on herbarium specimens collected across the range of C. pulchella. We extracted climate data associated with specimens and derived a population isolation metric from a species distribution model. We then examined how predictors of reproductive output and floral traits vary among populations of increasing distance from the range center. Finally, we tested whether reproductive output and floral traits vary with increasing distance from the center of the range.

KEY RESULTS:

Reproductive output decreased as summer precipitation decreased, and low precipitation may contribute to limiting the southern and western range edges of C. pulchella. High spring and summer temperatures are correlated with low herkogamy, but these climatic factors show contrasting spatial patterns in different quadrants of the range.

CONCLUSIONS:

Limiting factors differ among different parts of the range. Due to the partial decoupling of geography and environment, examining relationships between climate, reproductive output, and mating‐system‐related floral traits reveals spatial patterns that might be missed when focusing solely on geographic position.
Patterns of carbon storage in relation to shade tolerance in southern South American species
Authors: Piper Frida I.
Published: September 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Carbon (C) allocation to storage in woody tissues at the expense of growth is thought to promote shade tolerance, yet few studies on the subject examined C storage during maximum growth and considered stand influences. I asked how C storage in different plant tissues relates to shade tolerance in temperate forests with contrasting climates and physiognomies, and whether relationships vary during the growing season.

METHODS:

In the late spring and late summer, I harvested seedlings of eight species with contrasting light requirements from the understory of a cold rainforest and a Mediterranean forest in Chile. Nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations and pools (i.e., biomass x NSC concentration) were determined in leaves, aboveground wood, and roots. The effects of shade tolerance and sampling date on the NSCs were analyzed for each forest and tissue with linear mixed‐effects models.

KEY RESULTS:

In both forests, concentrations of NSC and soluble sugars in woody tissues, as well as fractions of NSC in these tissues, were lower in shade tolerant than in shade intolerant species. For root NSC concentrations, these trends depended on the sampling date: in the late spring the concentrations were similar in shade tolerant and intolerant species, while in the late summer they were lower in shade tolerant species.

CONCLUSIONS:

Shade tolerance is not linked to C storage in the two studied forests, suggesting that allocation to growth or defenses could be more advantageous for low light persistence. Alternatively, high levels of C storage could be also selected in shade intolerant species to face herbivory or drought.
DUAL HESITANT FUZZY AGGREGATION OPERATORS
Authors: YU Dejian , ZHANG Wenyu , HUANG George
Published: September 2015

Dual hesitant fuzzy sets (DHFSs) is a generalization of fuzzy sets (FSs) and it is typical of membership and non-membership degrees described by some discrete numerical. In this article we chiefly concerned with introducing the aggregation operators for aggregating dual hesitant fuzzy elements (DHFEs), including the dual hesitant fuzzy arithmetic mean and geometric mean. We laid emphasis on discussion of properties of newly introduced operators, and give a numerical example to describe the function of them. Finally, we used the proposed operators to select human resources outsourcing suppliers in a dual hesitant fuzzy environment.
Perioperative Challenges in Repeat Bladder Exstrophy Repair - Case Report
Authors: Etta Otu Enenyi , Ituen Monday
Published: September 2015

Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital malformation. It presents as leakage of urine in the anterior abdominal wall following defects in midline anterior abdominal wall skin and bladder. We report the use of combined general anaesthesia and caudal epidural analgesia in a 4yr old boy for repeat bladder exstrophy repair. Problems of prolonged surgery and the challenges of pain and sedation management in the post operative period are discussed.
Serum Levels of Copper, Ceruloplasmin and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme among Silicotic and Non-Silicotic Workers
Authors: Beshir Safia , Aziz Hisham , Shaheen Weam , Eltahlawy Eman
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND: Silicosis is the most frequently occurring pneumoconiosis.AIM: Measurement of serum levels of Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), Copper (Cu) and Ceruloplasmin (Cp) in cement workers occupationally exposed to silica dust as biomarkers of exposure rather than biomarkers of effect for silicosis.METHODS: Plain chest X-ray & pulmonary functions were done for 30 silicotic and 42 non-silicotic workers and 42 controls. CT scan was done for the exposed groups. Serum levels of Cu, Cp and ACE were estimated.RESULTS: The results showed a higher significant difference between the exposed groups and controls, and between the two exposed groups regarding the mean levels of all measured biochemical parameters. The pulmonary functions were significantly lower among silicotic workers than controls and non-silicotic groups. There was a significant positive correlation between duration of employment and serum ACE and Cu.CONCLUSION: Since respirable dust exposure-linked lung fibrosis disease is non-curable, the biochemical parameters (Cu, ACE and Cp) can be used as exposure biomarkers to silica dust, providing a better way for early diagnosis of this deadly disease. Down regulating the inflammatory responses could potentially reduce the adverse clinical pulmonary effects of air pollution.
The Biomechanical Effect of Different Denture Base Materials on the Articular Disc in Complete Denture Wearers: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: El-Zawahry Mohamed M. , El-Ragi Ahmed A. , El-Anwar Mohamed I. , Ibraheem Eman Mostafa Ahmed
Published: September 2015

AIM: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different denture base materials on the stress distribution in TMJ articular disc (AD) in complete denture wearers.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two three dimensional Finite Element (FEA) models of an individual temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were built on the basis CT scan. The FEA model consisted of four parts: the condyle, the articular disc, the denture base, and the articular eminence skull. Acrylic resin and chrome-cobalt denture base materials were studied. Static loading of 300N was vertically applied to the central fossa of the mandibular second premolar. Stress and strain were calculated to characterize the stress/strain patterns in the disc.RESULTS: The maximum tensile stresses were observed in the anterior and posterior bands of (AD) on load application with the two denture base materials. The superior boundaries of the glenoid fossa showed lower stress than those on the inferior boundaries facing the condyle.CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of the present study it may be concluded that: The denture base material may a have an effect in stress-strain pattern in TMJ articular disc. The stiffer denture base material, the better the distribution of the load to the underling mandibular supporting structures & reducing stresses induced in the articular disc.
Association between VNTR Polymorphism in Promoter Region of Prodynorphin (PDYN) Gene and Methamphetamine Dependence
Authors: Saify Khyber , Saadat Mostafa
Published: September 2015

AIM: Prodynorphin (PDYN; OMIM: 131340) is the precursor of the dynorphin related peptides which plays an important role in drug abuse. Previous studies have been shown that the expression of PDYN is regulated by a genetic polymorphism of VNTR in the promoter region of the gene.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present case-control study was performed on 52 (41 males, 11 females) methamphetamine dependence patients and 635 (525 males, 110 females) healthy blood donors frequency matched with the patients according to age and gender, as a control group was participated in the study.RESULTS: The genotypes of VNTR PDYN polymorphism were determined using PCR method. The HL (OR = 1.22, 95%CI: 0.67-2.20, P = 0.500) and LL (OR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.28-2.57, P = 0.792) genotypes does not alter the risk of methamphetamine dependence, in comparison with the HH genotypes.CONCLUSION: The present study revealed no association between the VNTR polymorphism in the promoter region of the PDYN gene and methamphetamine dependence risk.
Fetuin-A and Ghrelin Levels in Children with End Stage Renal Disease and the Effect of a Single Hemodialysis Session on Them
Authors: Shouman Mohamed Gamal , Ismail Nagwa Abdallah , Badr Ahmed , Abdelrahman Safaa Mohamed , Ragab Shadia , Farouk Hebatallah
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND: Fetuin-A and ghrelin have been implicated in cardiovascular diseases and mortality among end stage renal disease patients. The exact mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. There is robust data supporting an association between ghrelin and various cardiovascular conditions, and some common processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress have been implicated.AIM: This study was conducted to assay serum fetuin-A and ghrelin in chronic renal failure pediatric patients and to study changes in their level that may occur after a single hemodialysis.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty nine pediatric patients suffering from ESRD on maintenance hemodialysis (HD), 20 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) not on dialysis and 35 healthy subjects as control group were included. The mean age of the study population was 10.58 Â± 3.94, 10.62 Â± 3.24 and 10.61 Â± 3.97 years respectively. Serum fetuin-A and plasma acyl ghrelin levels were measured by using ELISA method.RESULTS: The present study revealed that predialysis serum fetuin-A level was significantly increased in pediatric HD patients compared with the normal population, while ghrelin levels were significantly reduced. Furthermore, serum levels of fetuin-A decreased significantly after a single HD session.CONCLUSION: Our study concluded that fetuin-A and acyl ghrelin may play a role in inflammatory process among HD pediatric patients which may account for cardiovascular insults and mortality but their use as biochemical markers among ESRD pediatric patients have limitations due to wide fluctuations.
Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function in Never-Smoking Male Workers Exposed To Hardwood Dust
Authors: Bislimovska Dragana , Petrovska Sunchica , Minov Jordan
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND: Results from many studies suggest that workplace exposure to organic dust may lead to adverse respiratory effects in exposed workers.AIM: In order to assess the respiratory effects of the workplace exposure to hardwood dust we performed a cross-sectional study of never-smoking male workers employed in parquet manufacture and never-smoking male office workers as a control.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study including 37 never-smoking male workers employed in parquet manufacture and an equal number of never-smoking male office workers studied as a control. Evaluation of examined subjects included completion of a questionnaire for respiratory symptoms in the last 12 months and baseline spirometry performed according to the actual recommendations.RESULTS: We found a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms in parquet manufacturers than in office workers with significant difference for cough and phlegm. Majority of the respiratory symptoms in the parquet manufacturers were work-related. The mean values of all spirometric parameters with exception of forced ventilatory capacity (FVC) were significantly lower in the parquet manufacturers as compared to their mean values in the office workers. We found close relationship between both the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and the reduction of spirometric parameters in the parquet manufacturers and the duration of the workplace exposure to wood dust.CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that workplace exposure to hardwood dust may lead to adverse respiratory effects indicating the need of adequate preventive measures in order to protect the respiratory health of exposed workers.
Orthostatic Reactivity in Patients with Ischemic Stroke in the Chronic Period
Authors: Vasileva Danche , Lubenova Daniela , Mihova Marija , Grigorova-Petrova Kristin , Dimitrova Antoaneta
Published: September 2015

[This article has been corrected. Â See http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2015.094 and http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2015.095]Â AIM: This study aims to trace the influence of specialized kinesitherapeutic methodology (SKTM) on orthostatic reactivity in patients with ischemic stroke in the chronic period (ISChP).MATERIAL AND METHODS: An active orthostatic test is used for the evaluation of the orthostatic reactions. The arterial blood pressure and heart rate were defined in the 10 minutes of supine position, before and after 1, 5 and 10 minutes of active upright position. The orthostatic autoregulation is evaluated four times - at the beginning of the study, on the 10th day, on the 1st month and three months after the start of the KT. The classification by Thulesius was used to separate the patients into two groups depending on the type of their orthostatic reactivity.RESULTS: At the beginning of the study of infringements symptomatic type orthostatic reactivity (SOR) was observed in 24 patients and hypertensive type orthostatic reactivity (HOR) was observed in the remaining 32 patients. Once applied SKTM establish improvement of orthostatic autoregulation for the groups SOR and HOR at the 10th day and the 1st month with a level of significance p <0.05.CONCLUSION: The applied specialized kinesitherapeutic methodology continued later as an adapted exercise program at home, has significantly improved the orthostatic reactivity in patients with orthostatic dysregulation due to the ISChP.
Errata Corrige. Orthostatic Reactivity in Patients with Ischemic Stroke in the Chronic Period. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2015.090
Authors: Vasileva Danche , Lubenova Daniela , Mihova Marija , Grigorova-Petrova Kristin , Dimitrova Antoaneta
Published: September 2015

[See http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2015.090 and http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2015.094]AIM: This study aims to trace the influence of specialized kinesitherapeutic methodology (SKTM) on orthostatic reactivity in patients with ischemic stroke in the chronic period (ISChP).MATERIAL AND METHODS: An active orthostatic test is used for the evaluation of the orthostatic reactions. The arterial blood pressure and heart rate were defined in the 10 minutes of supine position, before and after 1, 5 and 10 minutes of active upright position. The orthostatic autoregulation is evaluated four times - at the beginning of the study, on the 10th day, on the 1st month and three months after the start of the KT. The classification by Thulesius was used to separate the patients into two groups depending on the type of their orthostatic reactivity.RESULTS: At the beginning of the study of infringements symptomatic type orthostatic reactivity (SOR) was observed in 24 patients and hypertensive type orthostatic reactivity (HOR) was observed in the remaining 32 patients. Once applied SKTM establish improvement of orthostatic autoregulation for the groups SOR and HOR at the 10th day and the 1st month with a level of significance p <0.05.CONCLUSION: The applied specialized kinesitherapeutic methodology continued later as an adapted exercise program at home, has significantly improved the orthostatic reactivity in patients with orthostatic dysregulation due to the ISChP.
L’exception mathématique
Authors: Rabouin David
Published: September 2015

L’Archéologie du savoir déploie dans son introduction un programme très général d’analyse des discours placé sous le double héritage de la « nouvelle histoire » et de l’épistémologie historique de tradition française. Pourtant dans le dernier chapitre, nous apprenons que l’approche archéologique ne peut pas atteindre les « sciences ». Tout au plus s’intéresse-t-elle aux différents « seuils » à travers lesquels les sciences émergent éventuellement du « savoir » – avec une exception toutefois : « Il n’y a sans doute qu’une science pour laquelle on ne puisse distinguer ces différents seuils ni décrire entre eux un pareil ensemble de décalages : les mathématiques ». Dans cet article, je voudrais étudier ce statut d’exception des mathématiques comme symptôme d’un pas que Foucault n’a pas voulu franchir. La chose est d’autant plus troublante que la communauté des historiens des mathématiques offrit une oreille attentive à L’Archéologie du savoir . Je rappellerai les conditions de cette réception et ses prolongements dans les recherches actuelles. J’indiquerai ensuite la pertinence du programme d’une archéologie des mathématiques aujourd’hui.
Des confréries sans confrères et des « boîtes » sans fonds à Baugé, dans le diocèse d’Angers, aux xviie et xviiie siècles
Authors: Follain Antoine , Archaleüs Matthieu
Published: September 2015

L’article reprend la question des confréries
religieuses en s’appuyant sur le cas de la petite ville de Baugé en
Anjou. Il s’agit de confronter les institutions, les documents
normatifs, avec les pratiques des chrétiens. Les confréries sont
définies par les exercices religieux qu’elles proposent à leurs
membres. Elles instaurent un lien social et spirituel entre les
confrères et organisent des exercices collectifs. Être des confrères
c’est faire ensemble des exercices de dévotion et des actes de
charité. Sans confrères et sans activités, les confréries deviennent
rapidement des « boîtes ».
La prépondérance socio-économique des négociants protestants à La Rochelle au xviiie siècle
Authors: Martinetti Brice
Published: September 2015

La Rochelle présente la physionomie originale d’une
cité portuaire où la conduite du grand commerce est dominée par une
élite protestante, dans un royaume où la cohabitation religieuse
hésite au xviiie siècle entre tolérance et répression. C’est ainsi que
les protestants forment la majeure partie du milieu négociant
rochelais, commandent l’activité de la place et en impulsent les
courants commerciaux. Chose remarquable, les négociants de la Religion
Prétendue Réformée arrivent à contrôler les institutions économiques
de leur ville et ce avec l’entier soutien de la monarchie. Cette
bienveillance à l’égard d’une élite économique illégale en termes de
droit public témoigne sans nul conteste de son incontournable position
socio-économique. Plus encore, les protestants gardent à La Rochelle
une influence certaine sur les cercles de pensée, mais aussi en
matière de religiosité et de charité chrétiennes. C’est ainsi qu’ils
investissent tous les rouages ou presque de la vie publique et se
posent comme les premiers interlocuteurs de la société, voire comme la
principale élite urbaine.
À la guerre comme à la guerre
Authors: Fichou Jean-Christophe
Published: September 2015

À la veille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la
conserverie de poisson, en particulier de sardine et de thon à
l’huile, est une grande spécialité de l’industrie française préparée
dans 160 à 170 usines implantées entre Lannion et Saint-Jean-de-Luz.
Les boîtes de sardines et de thon à l’huile sont vendues dans le monde
entier comme des produits de luxe. Dès la déclaration de guerre en
septembre 1939, le gouvernement français décide d’encourager et
d’aider cette industrie car les conserves sont considérées non plus
comme un produit d’exportation, mais comme une denrée stratégique pour
les armées. Durant l’Occupation, les activités ne cessent pas et c’est
au tour de la Wehrmacht de passer des commandes massives pour ses
soldats, friands des poissons en conserves. Rapidement le poisson,
l’huile et le fer-blanc manquent, et pourtant les fabricants
s’adaptent et imaginent de nouveaux procédés de fabrication pour
répondre à la pénurie ambiante. Les conserves présentées aux soldats
allemands et à une petite partie de la population française, la plus
aisée et la seule capable de s’offrir ce produit très cher, sont
toujours aussi recherchées, mais leur goût devient de plus en plus
surprenant et n’a plus rien à voir avec celui qui a fait la fortune et
la renommée des conserveurs français. Peu à peu, le poisson, les
condiments, les sauces utilisées diffèrent totalement des ingrédients
traditionnels utilisés dans les conserves originales, mais pourtant
tous les stocks sont facilement écoulés. Faute de grives on mange des
merles, voire pire.
O ritual mapimaí no processo de construção da territorialidade paiter suruí
Authors: Silva Adnilson de Almeida , Silva Carlandio Alves da , Santos Sheila Castro dos , Medeiros Adriana Francisca de , Suruí Almir Narayamoga
Published: September 2015

O artigo pretende apresentar como o universo dos Paiter Suruí é concebido e organizado por essa etnia. A construção decorre das apreensões e experiências do espaço de ação dessa etnia que habita os estados de Mato Grosso e Rondônia, que durante o ritual Mapimaí – a criação do mundo – tem nos fenômenos e representações simbólicas o encontro de suas identidades, de forma que no evento torna-se mais perceptível a espiritualidade, da qual a territorialidade é integrante, sendo, portanto, materializada. A concepção do presente trabalho é de base empírica (vivência no Mapimaí) e de referenciais teóricos que abordam a questão indígena. Ressalta-se que o ritual, como representação e manifestação cultural, em decorrência de fatores externos à etnia esteve “adormecido” durante vários anos e foi retomado, pois no entendimento dos Paiter Suruí reforça sua identidade como povo e com isso possibilita o fortalecimento espiritual e dos laços afetivos, o que permite assegurar a territorialidade, considerando as constantes ameaças à Terra Indígena Paiterey Garah (Sete de Setembro).
A agricultura urbana em Natal (RN): da produção convencional à orgânica
Authors: Hespanhol Rosangela Medeiros
Published: September 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a trajetória dos horticultores da Associação de Amigos e Produtores de Hortaliças Moradores do Sitio Gramoré e Adjacências (AMIGS), que são responsáveis por parte importante do abastecimento de hortaliças de Natal – Rio Grande do Norte. A escolha desta associação se deve ao fato dela congregar horticultores que, desde o ano de 2012, vêm mudando de um sistema de produção convencional, altamente absorvedor de adubos químicos e agrotóxicos, para o sistema orgânico, que gera menos impactos ao ambiente e à saúde das pessoas. Verificou-se que a organização dos horticultores, por meio da associação, e a parceria com empresas e instituições foram fundamentais para viabilizar a mudança de sistema produtivo, reduzindo a dependência em relação aos intermediários, através da comercialização direta da produção por meio de feiras ecológicas. Não obstante esses avanços constatou-se que há problemas relacionados à aquisição individual dos insumos utilizados nos cultivos e conflitos com horticultores que ainda produzem no sistema convencional.
La France et le Brésil de l’Oyapock, quels enjeux bilatéraux entre développement et durabilité ?
Authors: Junior Raimundo Nonato
Published: September 2015

L’article propose une étude comparative dans la frontière franco-brésilienne de l’Oyapock entre la Guyane, département français d’Outre-mer, et l’état fédéré brésilien de l’Amapá. En particulier, l’étude porte sur l’analyse des concepts de « développement » et « durabilité » par les habitants de la frontière de l’Oyapock. L’économie de cette frontière ultrapériphérique est fortement dépendante des États. L’expansion attendue du commerce à l’échelle locale représente une opportunité pour le rapprochement entre le Brésil et l’Europe. Dans ce contexte, les concepts de « développement » et « durabilité » sont importants à différentes échelles. Par conséquent, on propose une comparaison de ces concepts parmi les acteurs locaux et nationaux de la région frontalière de l’Oyapock.
Pauvreté et inégalités en Inde rurale
Authors: Aubron Claire , Lehoux Hugo , Lucas Corentin
Published: September 2015

Dans deux cantons de l’État du Gujarat, cet article s’intéresse aux systèmes agraires et à leurs relations avec la pauvreté rurale, composante essentielle du « grand écart spatial de l’Inde ». À partir d’un travail de terrain approfondi, il confirme l’extrême pauvreté qui sévit dans les campagnes indiennes, dans un État qui affiche pourtant un taux de croissance élevé. Il montre comment cette pauvreté s’explique par une inégale répartition de la terre, de l’eau, mais aussi de la valeur ajoutée, qui s’enracine dans des relations sociales de dépendance dont l’essence a été peu modifiée au cours des dernières décennies. Les activités non agricoles, pour importantes qu’elles soient, ne modifient pas ces inégalités. À la lumière de ce travail, les politiques de développement agricole visant la résorption des inégalités en zone rurale apparaissent plus que jamais nécessaires.
Différenciations territoriales et insertion dans la mondialisation : le cas de l’énergie en Inde
Authors: Mazzucchi Nicolas
Published: September 2015

Le développement économique très rapide de l’Inde ces dernières années entraîne une modification de la problématique énergétique nationale. La volonté d’indépendance énergétique du pays se heurte de plus en plus à la hausse de la demande aussi bien en électricité qu’en carburant. Cette dernière oblige l’Inde à s’insérer de plus en plus dans les circuits du marché mondialisé en internationalisant ses compagnies pétrolières et en ayant de plus en plus recours aux technologies occidentales ou chinoises. Dans le même temps cette insertion crée une fragmentation au niveau national puisque certains États fédérés s’insèrent mieux que d’autres dans ce marché mondialisé, creusant un peu plus le fossé entre les régions les plus dynamiques et les espaces évités.
Entre tensions et souplesse : le grand écart spatial dans la diffusion de l’enseignement préscolaire au Tamil Nadu (Inde du sud)
Authors: Ponceaud-Goreau Émilie
Published: September 2015

À partir de recherches doctorales menées en 2013 et 2014, cet article a pour ambition d’analyser les processus qui ont conduit à une diffusion massive de l’enseignement préscolaire en Inde du sud. L’originalité du secteur préscolaire tient à la multiplicité des acteurs et à leurs enjeux différenciés. Plus particulièrement, il s’agit de comprendre les conséquences spatiales de l’engouement des familles et des institutions en faveur de la préscolarisation. Notre analyse porte ainsi un intérêt particulier au repositionnement de l’État, initiateur dès 1975 d’un projet en faveur de l’accueil des jeunes enfants des familles les plus modestes, et aujourd’hui confronté à la multiplicité des réponses.
Daily life and party ideals on late Soviet-Era radio and television : programming for children, teens, and youth in Buryatia
Authors: Chakars Melissa
Published: September 2015

Cet article analyse la programmation à la radio et à la télévision pour les enfants, les adolescents et les jeunes dans la République socialiste soviétique autonome de Bouriatie au cours des dernières décennies de l’Union Soviétique. Il fait valoir que quatre thèmes apparaissent comme les plus répandus : la valeur de l’amélioration de l’esprit et du corps à travers des activités éducatives et sportives ; l’importance d’être des membres utiles à la société ; l’encouragement à la loyauté, au patriotisme et a l’appartenance ; et l’enseignement du vrai du faux. L’article affirme que les autorités ont conçu ces thèmes pour créer des citoyens réfléchis, utiles, et diligents qui soutenaient les objectifs de l’Etat et comprenaient et appréciaient leur rôle individuel dans la société, ainsi que la position de la Bouriatie dans l’Union Soviétique.