bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
the role of career stress in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and career attitude maturity in south korean undergraduates
Authors: Park Heerak , Choi Bo Young , Nam Suk Kyung , Lee Sang Min
Published: December 2011

Given the central role of career stress in college students' lives, this research examined whether career stress mediated the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and career attitude maturity in a sample of 185 undergraduate students in South Korea. The results indicated that career ambiguity stress, as measured by a career stress inventory, fully mediated the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and career attitude maturity. That is, maladaptive perfectionism correlated with greater levels of career ambiguity stress, and greater career ambiguity stress correlated with an unconstructive level of career attitude maturity. The authors discuss the findings' implications for career counselors in college settings.
the challenge of change: the transition model and its applications
Authors: Schlossberg Nancy K.
Published: December 2011

A brief description of the 4 Ss (situation, self, supports, strategies) System for coping with transitions is provided, with examples of each of the categories.
Integrative life planning: a holistic approach
Authors: Hansen Sunny Sundal
Published: December 2011

This article presents a brief description of integrative life planning (ILP), the career theory/concept created in the 1990s by the author. It describes what she calls “the heart of ILP,” the 6 critical life tasks and their applications.
Constructing careers: actor, agent, and author
Authors: Savickas Mark L.
Published: December 2011

When individuals seek career counseling, they have stories to tell about their working lives. The aim of career construction theory is to be comprehensive in encouraging employment counselors to listen for a client's career story from the perspectives of actor, agent, and author. Taking multiple perspectives on career stories enables counselors to offer clients a fitting intervention, whether it is vocational guidance for action, career education and coaching for agency, or career counseling to construct meaning.
A Tribute to a Former Latchkey Kid: Doing A Wheel
Authors: TURGEON RICHARD
Published: December 2011

In this article, the author attempts to follow an inmate with a life sentence who, after the initial fear and anger stage of his sentence, started to comprehend that changes were needed if he were ever to have his sentence commuted.
Managing Conflicts in a Women's Prison: Individual Styles and Institutional Pressures
Authors: BIGDA‐PEYTON FRANCES
Published: December 2011

The author examines how prison encourages and hinders the development of conflict resolution skills by female inmates. The difficulties of officers in resolving conflicts is also discussed.
Emotional Stress: Investigating the Restrictiveness of Residential Security and the Pains of Juvenile Incarceration
Authors: BRANNON JAMES M. , BRANNON MARILYN E. , CRAIG JAMES , MARTRAY CARL
Published: December 2011

The authors found significant differences in emotional stress levels experienced by juvenile offenders confined to facilities having higher degrees of security and structure.
The Mentally Retarded Inmate: Prison Adjustment and Implications for Treatment
Authors: SMITH CRAIG , SCHMID REX E. , CLARK LEE R. , CREWS W.B. , NUNNERY MARIANNA
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not there are differences in the prison adaptation of mentally retarded and nonretarded inmates.
The Father as Sexual Abuser: Characteristics and Treatment
Authors: O'LEARY ELEANOR
Published: December 2011

In this study the author considers the characteristics of the father as sexual abuser and discusses appropriate treatment.
GLASSERS'S REALITY THERAPY
Authors: LOPER RODNEY G.
Published: December 2011

Glasser, William. Reality Therapy: A New Approach to Psychiatry.
More on PHYSICIAN SUPPLY AND DEMAND
Authors: Guthrie William S.
Published: December 2011

This is a comment on the article, “Physicians: Supply and Demand,” by Dr. Frank G. Dickinson, which was published in our Winter issue.
Briefing the JOURNALS
Authors: FAILOR CLARENCE W. , WESLEY EMORY J.
Published: December 2011

“A Rash of Testing in Schools: Is It Being Overdone?” U. S. News and World Reports

William W. Farquhar and John D. Crumboltz, “A Check List for Evaluating Experimental Research in Psychology and Education,” Journal of Educational Research

Leonard Worrell, “Level of Aspiration and Academic Success,” Journal of Educational Psychology

Stanley and Janice Berenstein, “How To Undermine Junior's Teacher,” Better Homes and Gardens

John W. Gustad, “They March to a Different Drummer: Another Look at College Teachers,” The Educational Record

R. V. Braham, “Grouping in the Junior High School,” NEA Journal

Paul A. Poe and Herbert Vent, “Organized Labor and the School Curriculum,” Educational Administration and Supervision

Fred H. Wright, “The Exit Unit Program for Psychiatric Patients,” Journal of Counseling Psychology

Lawrence H. Stewart, “Interest Patterns of a Group of High‐Ability, High‐Achieving Students,” Journal of Counseling Psychology

H. M. Hamlin, “All Students Benefit From Education for Work,” The Nations Schools

Maurice F. Seay, “Centers for Continuing Education,” Adult Education

Phyllis Ann Warren, “Vocational Interests and the Occupational Adjustment of College Women,” Journal of Counseling Psychology

John L. Holland, “A Theory of Vocational Choice,” Journal of Counseling Psychology

Henry Chauncey, “The Rising Trend of Early Aptitude Testing,” The Education Digest

H. Fred Heisner, “Point 10 Program for Guidance,” Education Digest

Edmond F. Erwin, “The Parents' Part in Homework,” Child Study

John E. Searles and Lyman K. Peterson, “Group Guidance and the Social Studies,” California Journal of Secondary Education

Arthur Leeming, “Work‐Experience Education and Curriculum Planning,” California Journal of Secondary Education
Briefing the JOURNALS
Authors: WESLEY EMORY J.
Published: December 2011

G. Keith Funston, “Economic Illiteracy: Unsolved Problem of American Education,”

Edward J. Neumeir, “Operation College Day,”

Neal R. Edmund and Charles Guzzetta, “The Democratic Classroom,”

Peggy James, “Blind Faith in the Scientific Method,”

Earl H. Hanson, “What to Do About High School Marriages,”

Feriha B. Baymur and C. H. Patterson, “A Comparison of Three Methods of Assisting Underachieving High School Students,”

Curtis Paul Ramsey, “Testing in Tomorrow's School,”

Howard O. Meuche, “Willingness to Work + Willingness to Learn = Progress,”

Margaret Mead, “Marrying in Haste in College,” Columbia University Forum

Robert Hoppock, “How to Get the Job Candidate to Talk About Himself,” Personnel Administration

Harold F. Yuker and J. R. Block, “Common Sense About Psychological Tests,” Personnel

Mrs. Palmer Reppe and Charles F. Wrobel, “An Industrial Arts Program for the Slow Learner,” Industrial Arts and Vocational Education

Paul F. Munger, “Guidance for Rural Schools,” Education
“Occupationology” in the Education of Counselors
Authors: LERNER LEON L.
Published: December 2011

Since H. D. Kitson first coined the term “occupationology” in 1944 in an editorial in Occupations, the word has appeared from time to time in the literature. The following discussion is most timely, whether one accepts the term “occupationology” or not.
New Books on Vocational Guidance
Authors: GYSBERS NORMAN C.
Published: December 2011

Theories of Education, by John P. Wynne.

American youth Culture, by Ernest A. Smith.

Modern Issues in Guidance‐Personnel Work, by Ruth Barry and Beverly Wolf.

Handbook of Agricultural Occupations, by Norman K. Hoover.

Who Chooses Social Work, When and Why? by Arnulf M. Pins.

Helping Counselors Grow Professionally, by William Evraiff.

The Psychology of Adolescence (2nd Edition), by Arthur T. Jersild.

Testing in Guidance and Counseling, by Ralph F. Berdie, Wilbur L. Layton, Edward O. Swanson, and Theda Hagenah.

How to Prepare for College Board Achievement Tests: Physics, by Herman Gewirtz.
New Books on Vocational Guidance
Authors: GYSBERS NORMAN C.
Published: December 2011

Testing: Its Place in Education Today, by Henry Chauncey and John E. Dobbin.

Youth In Conflict, by Bennetta B. Washington.

Educational Psychology, (Second Edition) by Karl C. Garrison, Albert J. Kingston, and Arthur S. McDonald.

Art Careers, by Claire Jarett Roth and Adelle Weiss.

Barron's Vocabulary Builder, by Samuel C. Brownstein and Mitchel Weiner.

Perspectives on the Group Process, by C. Gratton Kemp.

Careers in the Protective Services, by Jo Hubbard Chamberlin.

How to Recruit Minority Group College Graduates, by Robert Calvert Jr.

Classrooms in the Military, by Harold F. Clark and Harold S. Sloan.

College Bound, A Guide to College and Career Planning. (Revised Third Edition) by Samuel C. Brownstein.
NEW BOOKS
Authors: GYSBERS NORMAN C.
Published: December 2011

Careers in Airlines Operations, by Raymond Nathan. New York: Henry Z. Walck

This is Psychiatry, by Felix Von Mendelssohn.

A National Catalog of Scholarships and Other Financial Aids for Students Entering College (Second Edition), by Oreon Keeslar

Your Career in Medicine, by Alan R. Bleich

Veterinarians and What they Do, by John and Jane G. Perry

Careers in Government, by Mary B. Sullivan.

What is a Teacher?, by Henry W. Simon.

You Can Win a Scholarship (Third Revised Edition) by Samuel C. Brownstein and Mitchel Weiner.

Opportunities in Office Occupations, by Estelle L. Popham; Opportunities in a Psychiatry Carrer, by Henry A. Davidson; Opportunities in Technical Writing, by Jay R. Gould; Opportunities in a Law Carrer, by Shelden D. Elliott

Keys to Vocational Decisions, edited by Walter Lifton

Your College Education: How to Pay for it, by Sarah Splaver

Occupational Information (Third Revised Edition), by Max F. Baer and Edward C. Roeber

Hospital Health Services, by Claire Jarett Roth and Lillian Weiner
NEW BOOKS
Authors: GYSBERS NORMAN C.
Published: December 2011

Opportunities in Machine Shop Trades, by Benjamin J. Stern.

10 Steps in Writing the Research Paper, by Roberta H. Markman and Marie L. Waddell.

Guidance in Elementary Schools, by Herman J. Peters, Bruce Shertzer, and William H. Van Hoose.

Management and Improvement of Guidance, by George E. Hill.

Technician Education Yearbook, 1965–1966.

Verbal Aptitude Workbook for College Entrance Examinations, by Mitchel Weiner.

Teen‐Age Sex Counselor, by Bert Y. Glassberg.

How to Prepare for the PSAT, by Samuel C. Brownstein and Mitchel Weiner.

College Entrance Guide (revised 1966 edition), by Bernice W. Einstein.

New Careers for the Poor, by Arthur Pearl and Frank Riessman.
New Books
Authors: GYSBERS NORMAN C.
Published: December 2011

How to Succeed in High School, by George Weigand. Woodbury

Executives Under Fire by Chester Burger.

The Employed Mother in America edited by F. Svan Nye and Lois W.

Caesar's Forms & Syntax by Thornton A. McGill Jr. Woodbury, New York

Careers in Natural Resource Conservation by Fred W. Herbert. New York: Henry Z. Walck, Inc., 1965.

Learning and the Educational Process edited by John D. Krumboltz.

Know Yourself, by Arnold L. Ganley and George S. Elias.

Vocational Guidance and Career Development edited by Herman J. Peters and James C. Hansen.

Guidance in Agricultural Education (Second Edition) by Harold M. Byram. Danville

Classrooms on Main Street by Harold F. Clark and Harold S. Sloan.

Introduction to College Life (Second Edition) by Norman T. Bell, Richard W. Burkhardt, and Victor B. Lawhead.
New Books
Authors: GYSBERS NORMAN C.
Published: December 2011

Your Career in the Aerospace Industry by Waldo T. Boyd.

The School and the Economic System by Charles S. Benson.

Your Career in Transportation by Robert A. Liston.

Prep School Guide for Jewish Youth, 1966 edition, prepared by Sol Swerdloff and William Mead.

Engineer, by S. C. Hollister.

Identity (Book II, Being and Becoming Group Guidance Series, Brother Marion F. Belka, editor) by Sister Marion Hosinski, Sister Mary Thomas Murphy, Norbert Riegert, and Reverend Joseph H. Voor.

Testing in our Schools by Louis J. Karmel.

Guidance: An Orientation for the Undergraduate by Robert E. Glennen.

Techniques of Guidance: An Aproach to Pupil Analysis by Robert L. Gibson and Robert E. Higgins.
Guidance Fifty Years Ago
Authors: HOPPOCK ROBERT
Published: December 2011

The New York Personnel and Guidance Association recently presented its annual award to Robert Hoppock, Professor of Education, New York University. In accepting the award Dr. Hoppock recalled his own experiences as a young person seeking vocational guidance in the days when professional counselors were rare. Excerpts from his address are printed here because of their historical interest.
New Books
Authors: GYSBERS NORMAN C.
Published: December 2011

Exciting Careers for Home Economists, by Lila Spencer.

Planning and Paying Your Way to College, by Clodus R. Smith.

Careers in Psychiatry prepared under the auspices of the National Commission on Mental Health Manpower.

Baron's Guide to Law Schools, by Elliott Epstein, Jerome Shostak, and Lawrence Troy.

Special Education Programs Within the United States, edited by Morris Val Jones.

Emerging Careers by Warren D. Gribbons and Paul R. Lohnes. Edited by Donald E. Super.

Applying for a Job: A Self‐Study Guide for Students, by Patricia Roth, Ralph E. Mason, and Floyd J. Phipps.

Guiding the Future College Student, by Jean Reiss and Mildred G. Fox.

Rehabilitation Research, by George N. Wright and Ann B. Trotter.

Counseling the Disadvantaged Youth, edited by William E. Amos and Jean D. Grambs.

The Vocational Counseling of Adults and Young Adults, by E. C. Thoroman.

Opportunities in Advertising Careers, by George T. Clarke, Opportunities in Physical Therapy, by Bernice Krunhansl, Opportunities in Psychology Careers, by Donald E. Super, Opportunities in Sales Careers, by Kenneth B. Haas.

Canadian Guidance Series, Toronto, Ontario: Crest Publishing Company, Ltd., distributed by Guidance Centre, The College of Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.
Other Voices
Authors: WEINRACH STEPHEN G.
Published: December 2011

This column is devoted to informing VGQ readers of important articles in other journals. All articles are published by the American Personnel and Guidance Association unless otherwise noted. Single copies of back issues may be ordered from APGA Publication Sales, Two Skyline Place, Suite 400, 5203 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, Va. 22041.
Other Voices
Authors: WEINRACH STEPHEN G.
Published: December 2011

This column is devoted to informing VGQ readers of important articles in other journals. All articles are published by the American Personnel and Guidance Association unless otherwise noted. Single copies of back issues may be ordered from APGA Publication Sales, Two Skyline Place, Suite 400, 5203 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, Va. 22041
Automated signal pattern evaluation of a bladder cancer specific multiprobe‐fish assay applying a user‐trainable workstation
Authors: Pajor Gabor , Alpar Donat , Kajtar Bela , Melegh Bela , Somogyi Laszlo , Kneif Maria , Bollmann Daniel , Pajor Laszlo , Sule Norbert
Published: December 2011

OBJECTIVE: Signal pattern enumeration of Urovysion Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization test is tedious and requires great experience. Our aim was to eliminate human interaction by automating the process, using an adoptable, automated image acquisition, and analysis system. METHODS: For extensive analytical analysis control, cell populations were used, while preliminary clinical study was performed on 21 patients with clinical suspicion for bladder cancer. All investigations were carried out using an automated user‐trainable workstation (Metafer4‐Metacyte). RESULTS: The system identified nuclei with a specificity and sensitivity of 92.7 and 96.6%, respectively, while signal detection accuracy was 81.1% on average. Both analytical and diagnostic accuracy of automated analysis was comparable to manual approach (94.8 and 71% vs. 97.9 and 76%, respectively), but classification accuracy increased with degree of polysomy, thus diagnostic sensitivity in low grade, low stage cases was poor. CONCLUSION: It is possible to automate signal enumeration of Urovysion using a user‐trainable system, and achieve efficiency comparable to manual analysis. Previously introduced automated immunophenotypic targeting should further increase diagnostic sensitivity, while resulting in a comprehensively automated method. However, the problem of reduced detection accuracy in cases featured with low polysomy is likely to remain a great challenge of automated signal enumeration. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:814–820, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
N‐acetyl cysteine treatment reduces mercury‐induced neurotoxicity in the developing rat hippocampus
Authors: Falluel‐Morel Anthony , Lin Lulu , Sokolowski Katie , McCandlish Elizabeth , Buckley Brian , DiCicco‐Bloom Emanuel
Published: December 2011

Mercury is an environmental toxicant that can disrupt brain development. However, although progress has been made in defining its neurotoxic effects, we know far less about available therapies that can effectively protect the brain in exposed individuals. We previously developed an animal model in which we defined the sequence of events underlying neurotoxicity: Methylmercury (MeHg) injection in postnatal rat acutely induced inhibition of mitosis and stimulated apoptosis in the hippocampus, which later resulted in intermediate‐term deficits in structure size and cell number. N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) is the N‐acetyl derivative of L‐cysteine used clinically for treatment of drug intoxication. Here, based on its known efficacy in promoting MeHg urinary excretion, we evaluated NAC for protective effects in the developing brain. In immature neurons and precursors, MeHg (3 μM) induced a >50% decrease in DNA synthesis at 24 hr, an effect that was completely blocked by NAC coincubation. In vivo, injection of MeHg (5 μg/g bw) into 7‐day‐old rats induced a 22% decrease in DNA synthesis in whole hippocampus and a fourfold increase in activated caspase‐3‐immunoreactive cells at 24 hr and reduced total cell numbers by 13% at 3 weeks. Treatment of MeHg‐exposed rats with repeated injections of NAC abolished MeHg toxicity. NAC prevented the reduction in DNA synthesis and the marked increase in caspase‐3 immunoreactivity. Moreover, the intermediate‐term decrease in hippocampal cell number provoked by MeHg was fully blocked by NAC. Altogether these results suggest that MeHg toxicity in the perinatal brain can be ameliorated by using NAC, opening potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distinct roles of dopamine D3 receptors in modulating methamphetamine‐induced behavioral sensitization and ultrastructural plasticity in the shell of the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Zhu Jie , Chen Yanjiong , Zhao Na , Cao Guofen , Dang Yonghui , Han Wei , Xu Ming , Chen Teng
Published: December 2011

Persistent changes in behavior and psychological function that occur as a consequence of exposure to drugs of abuse are thought to be mediated by the structural plasticity of specific neural circuits such as the brain's dopamine (DA) system. Changes in dendritic morphology in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) accompany drug‐induced enduring behavioral and molecular changes, yet ultrastructural changes in synapses following repeated exposure to drugs have not been well studied. The current study examines the role of DA D3 receptors in modulating locomotor activity induced by both acute and repeated methamphetamine (METH) administration and accompanying ultrastructural plasticity in the shell of NAc in mice. We found that D3 receptor mutant (D3−/−) mice exhibited attenuated acute locomotor responses as well as the development of behavioral sensitization to METH compared with wild‐type mice. In the absence of obvious neurotoxic effects, METH induced similar increases in synaptic density in the shell of NAc in both wild‐type and D3−/− mice. These results suggest that D3 receptors modulate locomotor responses to both acute and repeated METH treatment. In contrast, the D3 receptor is not obviously involved in modulating baseline or METH‐induced ultrastructural changes in the NAc shell. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A multi‐disciplinary approach to the management of fungal osteomyelitis: Current concepts in post‐traumatic lower extremity reconstruction: A case report
Authors: Cetrulo Curtis L. , Barone Angelo A. Leto , Jordan Kathleen , Chang David S. , Louie Kevin , Buntic Rudolf F. , Brooks Darrell
Published: December 2011

Limb salvage in fungal osteomyelitis of the post‐traumatic lower extremity represents a difficult clinical problem requiring aggressive management. We report lower extremity salvage by radical bony debridement, free tissue transfer, distraction osteogenesis with bone‐docking, and a novel antifungal regimen in a clinical setting of infection with Scedosporium inflatum, historically requiring amputation in 100% of cases. We treated Scedosporium inflatum osteomyelitis of the tibia and calcaneus with radical debridement of infected bone, free partial medial rectus abdominis muscle flap coverage, transport distraction osteogenesis, and combination voriconazole/terbinafine chemotherapy, a novel antifungal regimen. We achieved successful control of the infection, limb salvage, and an excellent functional outcome through aggressive debridement of infected bone and soft tissue, elimination of dead space within the bony defect, the robust perfusion provided by the free flap, the hypervascular state induced by distraction osteogenesis, and the synergism of the novel antifungal regimen. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
Autologus groin lymph node transfer for “sentinel lymph network” reconstruction after head‐and‐neck cancer resection and neck lymph node dissection: A case report
Authors: Mihara Makoto , Iida Takuya , Hara Hisako , Hayashi Yohei , Yamamoto Takumi , Narushima Mitsunaga , Hayami Shinya , Sawamoto Naoya , Naito Munekazu , Koshima Isao
Published: December 2011

Local or distant metastatic recurrence after therapy is observed in 20–30% of cases of head‐and‐neck cancer. An unfavorable course may occur after cervical lymph node dissection due to loss of immunoprotective lymph nodes in the head‐and‐neck region. To overcome this problem, we performed autologous lymph node transplantation from the groin after head‐and‐neck cancer resection and cervical lymph node dissection. The patient was a 63‐year‐old man with squamous cell carcinoma in the mesopharyngeal lateral wall. After tumor resection and right cervical lymph node dissection, a lymph node‐containing superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap was transplanted from the left groin. Pathological examination showed that cancer had invaded the primary tumor tissue stump. Thus, radiotherapy (66 Gy) was performed for the residual tumor from days 28 to 84 after surgery. At 12 months after surgery, no recurrent lesion or has developed. The biopsy of flap and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor‐1 (LYVE1) immunostaining shows creditable lymph network in the flap, compared with normal free flap. This case suggests that autologous lymph node transplantation may keep watch on cancer recurrence by reconstruction of the lymph node system in the resected region, and we suggest that this approach may be very useful in cancer therapy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
Transparent boundary conditions for the wave equation—a Kirchhoff point of view
Authors: Hsiao George C. , Weinacht Richard J.
Published: December 2011

We reduce an exterior initial boundary value problem for the wave equation in three space dimensions to an initial boundary value problem on a bounded computational domain bounded by an artificial boundary as well as the original boundary. From a Kirchhoff representation formula for the solution of wave equation in an exterior domain, we derive on the artificial boundary (exact) transparent boundary conditions that are nonlocal in space and time. These lead to local approximate transparent boundary conditions of the first and second orders. It is shown that these approximate transparent conditions are satisfied exactly for a related spherically symmetric problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multiscale framework for the origin and variability of the South Pacific Convergence Zone
Authors: Matthews Adrian J.
Published: December 2011

The diagonal South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) is the major climatological precipitation feature over the Pacific region during the Northern Hemisphere winter. However, the basic mechanisms that control its structure and variability are only partly understood. Here, an analysis of the SPCZ is carried out in a multiscale framework. This identifies two modes that dominate: a (westward) shifted SPCZ and an enhanced SPCZ, which occur independently of each other. Within both modes, the primary mechanism for the initiation of precipitation is a transient synoptic wave propagating along the subtropical jet, which is then refracted by the basic state toward the westerly duct over the central equatorial Pacific. Individual vorticity centres in the wave become elongated, with a diagonal (northwest–southeast) tilt. Convection then occurs in a diagonal band in the poleward flow ahead of the cyclonic vorticity anomaly in the wave. However, latent heat release in the convection leads to upper‐tropospheric divergence and anticyclonic vorticity forcing, which dissipates the wave, shutting off the convective forcing and stopping the precipitation. Hence, each individual wave or event only lasts a few days and contributes a discrete pulse of diagonally oriented precipitation to the region. The sum of these events leads to the diagonal climatological SPCZ. Event occurrence is a stochastic process, the probability of which is modified by lower‐frequency variability of the basic state, including the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). For example, during periods of enhanced convection over the eastern Indian Ocean to western Pacific (MJO phases 3–6 and La Niña) the westerly duct expands westwards, allowing synoptic waves to refract equatorwards earlier and increasing the probability of westward‐shifted SPCZ events. Hence, both the existence and variability of the SPCZ depend fundamentally on scale interactions between dynamical processes on time‐scales ranging from daily to interannual. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Studies on Ancient Rice—Where Botanists, Agronomists, Archeologists, Linguists, and Ethnologists Meet
Authors: Hsieh Jaw-shu , Hsing Yue-ie Caroline , Hsu Tze-fu , Li Paul Jen-kuei , Li Kuang-ti , Tsang Cheng-hwa
Published: December 2011

Taiwan’s aboriginal peoples are thought to be related to ancestral Austronesian-speaking peoples. Currently, Taiwan has 14 officially acknowledged aboriginal tribes. The major crops currently farmed in aboriginal areas are rice (Oryza sativa) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Archeologists recently excavated the remains of several early cultures in Taiwan. The most plentiful plant remains were carbonated rice and foxtail millet grains. The earliest 14C date of these excavation sites is ∼5,000 bp. These settlements may be those of the earliest ancestral Austronesian speakers in Taiwan. Rice domestication is a complex story. In this study, we identified the functional nucleotide polymorphisms of 16 domestication-related genes using 60 landraces collected from aboriginal Taiwanese villages about 100 years ago. We also screened the phenotypes of these landraces. By integrating pheno- and genotypic data, together with data from archeologists and linguists, we may be able to better understand the history of rice cultivation in Taiwan and nearby areas.
Effect of N‐homocysteinylation on physicochemical and cytotoxic properties of amyloid β‐peptide
Authors: Khodadadi Sirus , Riazi Gholam Hossein , Ahmadian Shahin , Hoveizi Elham , Karima Oveis , Aryapour Hassan
Published: December 2011

A Beta 1‐42
and
A Beta 1‐42
bind by electron microscopy (View interaction)
Nitric oxide metabolite levels and assessment of cervical length in the prediction of preterm delivery among women undergoing symptomatic preterm labor
Authors: Giannella Luca , Beraldi Rosanna , Giulini Simone , Cerami Lillo B. , Mfuta Kabala , Facchinetti Fabio
Published: December 2011

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of measuring cervical length (CL) in combination with cervical and plasma nitric oxide metabolite (NOx) levels to identify women undergoing preterm labor (PTL) who will deliver preterm.

Methods

A hospital‐based prospective cohort study of 730 women undergoing spontaneous PTL between 24 and 33 weeks + 6 days of pregnancy was conducted. Measurement of cervical and plasma NOx levels and ultrasonographic assessment of CL were performed to find the best model to predict preterm delivery (PTD). Optimal cut‐off values were calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Logistic regression analysis and rank correlation tests were also performed.

Results

CL of 15 mm or less, cervical NOx levels greater than 87.6 μmol/L, and plasma NOx levels greater than 123 μmol/L (P < 0.0001) were the only factors significantly associated with PTD within 7 days of sampling. This combined model provided high diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 80.0%; specificity 99.2%). Both cervical and plasma NOx levels were negatively correlated with CL (r = − 0.453, P < 0.0001 and r = − 0.362, P < 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusion

Combined measurement of CL and levels of cervical and plasma NOx could help identify women undergoing symptomatic PTL who are at increased risk of PTD.
External cephalic version in East, Central, and Southern Africa
Authors: Mukaindo Abraham M. , Wanyonyi Sikolia Z. , Stones William R.
Published: December 2011

Objective

To evaluate the views of maternity care providers in East, Central, and Southern Africa on external cephalic version (ECV), and its determinants, with the aim of drawing lessons for practice.

Methods

In February 2009, a cross‐sectional survey using self‐administered semi‐structured questionnaires was conducted among delegates attending a regional conference of obstetricians and gynecologists. Descriptive statistical analysis was undertaken, and comments were analyzed for themes.

Results

Of the 70 questionnaires issued to eligible delegates, 64 were fully completed (response rate 91%). Seventy‐nine percent of respondents did not offer ECV. Approximately a third (31%) of the practitioners offered elective vaginal breech delivery. Clinicians offering ECV did so at varying gestational ages. Clinicians not offering ECV gave various reasons including concerns about the procedure's safety and lack of training and experience with it, policy restrictions, medico‐legal concerns, clinician or client reluctance, and poor results with the procedure.

Conclusion

Overall, ECV is not widely practiced in East, Central, and Southern Africa, mainly owing to concerns related to safety and policy. Efforts aimed at reviving ECV in these regions should address these concerns. A conceptual framework of such efforts is proposed herein.
Obstetric, clinical, and perinatal implications of H1N1 viral infection during pregnancy
Authors: Figueiró‐Filho Ernesto A. , Oliveira Myrna L.G. , Pompilio Maurício A. , Uehara Silvia N.O. , Coelho Lílian R. , De Souza Bruno A. , Breda Ili
Published: December 2011

Objective

To determine perinatal outcome and epidemiologic, clinical, and obstetric characteristics among pregnant women infected with the H1N1 virus admitted to a Brazilian university hospital.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted of pregnant women infected with H1N1 who were admitted to the University Hospital at the School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil, during the 2009 pandemic. Data were obtained via a questionnaire, which was administered during the hospital evaluation of patients’ medical records.

Results

Thirty‐one patients were included in the study. Antiviral therapy was initiated within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms in 64.5% of cases. Infection with the H1N1 virus was associated with severe clinical complications in 22.6% of patients and adverse perinatal outcomes in 41.9% of cases. The rate of maternal and perinatal mortality was 9.7%. There was a statistically significant association between late treatment with oseltamivir and increase in systemic complications in pregnancy (odds ratio 22.80 [95% confidence interval, 2.20–235.65]; P = 0.007).

Conclusion

Early treatment with oseltamivir may prevent serious complications associated with H1N1 infection in pregnant women but it does not affect perinatal outcome.
Association of environmental tobacco smoke with dementia and Alzheimer's disease among never smokers
Authors: Chen Ruoling
Published: December 2011

Background

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is known to be harmful; however, its association with dementia remains controversial and with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unknown.

Methods

Using a standard interview method, the author carried out a multicenter cross‐sectional study of dementia in China by examining 2692 never‐smoking people aged ≥60 years. Relative risks (RRs) of AD and all dementia, as diagnosed by psychiatrists, in relation to ETS were calculated in a multivariate regression model.

Results

The adjusted RR for all dementia was 1.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–2.68). The increased risk was mainly from exposure to ETS at home (1.87, 95% CI: 1.19–2.93), and it was associated with exposure duration. The adjusted RR for AD was 2.28 (95% CI: 1.82–2.84); the matched figure for ETS exposure at home, at work, and at other places was 2.15 (95% CI: 1.69–2.74), 2.04 (95% CI: 1.72–2.42), and 1.80 (95% CI: 0.96–3.38), respectively. The association of the increased risk with a total cumulative exposure dose was at borderline significance.

Conclusions

The risk of dementia and AD increased with ETS exposure. Banning smoking in public areas may help reduce a dementia epidemic worldwide.
Genome-Wide Comparative in Silico Analysis of Calcium Transporters of Rice and Sorghum
Authors: Goel Anshita , Taj Gohar , Pandey Dinesh , Gupta Sanjay , Kumar Anil
Published: December 2011

The mechanism of calcium uptake, translocation and accumulation in Poaceae has not yet been fully understood. To address this issue, we conducted genome-wide comparative in silico analysis of the calcium (Ca2+) transporter gene family of two crop species, rice and sorghum. Gene annotation, identification of upstream cis-acting elements, phylogenetic tree construction and syntenic mapping of the gene family were performed using several bioinformatics tools. A total of 31 Ca2+ transporters, distributed on 9 out of 12 chromosomes, were predicted from rice genome, while 28 Ca2+ transporters predicted from sorghum are distributed on all the chromosomes except chromosome 10 (Chr 10). Interestingly, most of the genes on Chr 1 and Chr 3 show an inverse syntenic relationship between rice and sorghum. Multiple sequence alignment and motif analysis of these transporter proteins revealed high conservation between the two species. Phylogenetic tree could very well identify the subclasses of channels, ATPases and exchangers among the gene family. The in silico cis-regulatory element analysis suggested diverse functions associated with light, stress and hormone responsiveness as well as endosperm- and meristem-specific gene expression. Further experiments are warranted to validate the in silico analysis of the predicted transporter gene family and elucidate the functions of Ca2+ transporters in various biological processes.
Mining Genomic Patterns in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37Rv Using a Web Server Tuber-Gene
Authors: Rishishwar Lavanya , Pant Bhasker , Pant Kumud , Pardasani Kamal R.
Published: December 2011

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), causative agent of tuberculosis, is one of the most dreaded diseases of the century. It has long been studied by researchers throughout the world using various wet-lab and dry-lab techniques. In this study, we focus on mining useful patterns at genomic level that can be applied for in silico functional characterization of genes from the MTB complex. The model developed on the basis of the patterns found in this study can correctly identify 99.77% of the input genes from the genome of MTB strain H37Rv. The model was tested against four other MTB strains and the homologue M. bovis to further evaluate its generalization capability. The mean prediction accuracy was 85.76%. It was also observed that the GC content remained fairly constant throughout the genome, implicating the absence of any pathogenicity island transferred from other organisms. This study reveals that dinucleotide composition is an efficient functional class discriminator for MTB complex. To facilitate the application of this model, a web server Tuber-Gene has been developed, which can be freely accessed at http://www.bifmanit.org/tb2/.
Junker: An Intergenic Explorer for Bacterial Genomes
Authors: Sridhar Jayavel , Sabarinathan Radhakrishnan , Balan Shanmugam Siva , Rafi Ziauddin Ahamed , Gunasekaran Paramasamy , Sekar Kanagaraj
Published: December 2011

In the past few decades, scientists from all over the world have taken a keen interest in novel functional units such as small regulatory RNAs, small open reading frames, pseudogenes, transposons, integrase binding attB/attP sites, repeat elements within the bacterial intergenic regions (IGRs) and in the analysis of those “junk” regions for genomic complexity. Here we have developed a web server, named Junker, to facilitate the in-depth analysis of IGRs for examining their length distribution, four-quadrant plots, GC percentage and repeat details. Upon selection of a particular bacterial genome, the physical genome map is displayed as a multiple loci with options to view any loci of interest in detail. In addition, an IGR statistics module has been created and implemented in the web server to analyze the length distribution of the IGRs and to understand the disordered grouping of IGRs across the genome by generating the four-quadrant plots. The proposed web server is freely available at the URL http://pranag.physics.iisc.ernet.in/junker/.
Terrestrial smokers: Thermal springs due to hydrothermal convection of groundwater connected to surface water
Authors: Bayani Cardenas M. , Lagmay Alfredo Mahar F. , Andrews Benjamin J. , Rodolfo Raymond S. , Cabria Hillel B. , Zamora Peter B. , Lapus Mark R.
Published: December 2011

Thermal springs are ubiquitous features whose underground kinematic structure is mostly unknown but are typically thought to originate from deep sources. We documented a type of thermal springs at the banks of a volcanic lake that are discharge zones of hydrothermal convection cells circulating groundwater within the near shore environment. The convection captures lake water through the lakebed, mixes it with deeper groundwater at velocities of 100s of m d−1, then returns the water to the lake via the spring. The convection cell is flushed in a few hours and turns over the lake's volume in a few days. Most volcanic lakes and other relatively cool surface water bodies in areas of elevated geothermal heat fluxes meet the conditions for the occurrence of local hydrothermal circulation of groundwater. The type of spring we studied, the terrestrial version of black smokers, is likely present but perhaps unrecognized at many areas.
The 2011 Japan tsunami current velocity measurements from survivor videos at Kesennuma Bay using LiDAR
Authors: Fritz Hermann M. , Phillips David A. , Okayasu Akio , Shimozono Takenori , Liu Haijiang , Mohammed Fahad , Skanavis Vassilis , Synolakis Costas E. , Takahashi Tomoyuki
Published: December 2011

On March 11, 2011, a magnitude Mw 9.0 earthquake occurred off the coast of Japan's Tohoku region causing catastrophic damage and loss of life. The tsunami flow velocity analysis focused on two survivor videos recorded from building rooftops at Kesennuma Bay along Japan's Sanriku coast. A terrestrial laser scanner was deployed at the locations of the tsunami eyewitness video recordings. The tsunami current velocities through the Kesennuma Bay are determined in a four step process. The LiDAR point clouds are used to calibrate the camera fields of view in real world coordinates. The motion of the camera during recordings was determined. The video images were rectified with direct linear transformation. Finally a cross‐correlation based particle image velocimetry analysis was applied to the rectified video images to determine instantaneous tsunami flow velocity fields. The measured maximum tsunami height of 9 m in the Kesennuma Bay narrows were followed by maximum tsunami outflow currents of 11 m/s less than 10 minutes later.
Xenopus paraxial protocadherin inhibits Wnt/β‐catenin signalling via casein kinase 2β
Authors: Kietzmann Anja , Wang Yingqun , Weber Dominik , Steinbeisser Herbert
Published: December 2011

Xenopus paraxial protocadherin (PAPC) regulates cadherin‐mediated cell adhesion and promotes the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Here we report that PAPC functions in the Xenopus gastrula as an inhibitor of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. The intracellular domain of PAPC interacts with casein kinase 2 beta (CK2β), which is part of the CK2 holoenzyme. The CK2α/β complex stimulates Wnt/β‐catenin signalling, and the physical interaction of CK2β with PAPC antagonizes this activity. By this mechanism, PAPC restricts the expression of Wnt target genes during gastrulation. These experiments identify a novel function of protocadherins as regulators of the Wnt pathway.
Time Trends for Agricultural Crop Production in Saskatchewan, Canada: 1905-2011
Authors: Rayne Sierra , Forest Kaya
Published: December 2011

Saskatchewan, Canada, with a total land area of 651,900 km^2^, is one of the world’s most productive agricultural cropping regions. Approximately 44% of Canada's total cultivated farmland is in the province. In 2008, the total export value of crops was CAD$8.34 billion. Over the past century, changing industry economics and advances in scientific, technical, and engineering knowledge and practices have affected the amount and type of crops produced. The current work examines time trends for agricultural crop production since Saskatchewan was created in 1905. While yields of all crops have generally increased over time, total production trends vary widely by crop, warranting more detailed investigations into the socio-economical and technological drivers behind such changes.
Inducible cardiac ischaemia is related to a decrease in the whole-blood Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 response
Authors: Elsenberg Ellen H. A. M. , Versteeg Dik , Sels Jan-Willem , Vlaar Pieter-Jan J. , Hobbelink Monique G. G. , Cramer Maarten-Jan M. , de Kleijn Dominique P. V. , Tio René A. , de Smet Bart J. G. L. , Doevendans Pieter A. , Hoefer Imo E. , Pasterkamp Gerard
Published: December 2011

TLR (Toll-like receptor) activation-induced inflammatory responses are important in the progression of atherosclerosis. We previously showed that TLR-dependent leucocyte responsiveness is acutely attenuated following percutaneous coronary intervention or vascular surgery. Furthermore, cytokine release following whole-blood TLR-2 and TLR-4 stimulation is negatively correlated with fractional flow reserve, suggesting that chronic ischaemia can elicit an enhanced inflammatory response. In the present study, we assessed the association between leucocyte TLR-2 and TLR-4 responsiveness and pre-existent and inducible ischaemia in patients undergoing SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography)-MPI (myocardial perfusion imaging). TLR-2, TLR-4 and CD11b expression on monocytes were measured in blood samples that were obtained from 100 patients with suspected coronary artery disease before and after myocardial stress testing for SPECT-MPI. IL-8 (interleukin-8) levels were determined after whole-blood stimulation with Pam3Cys (TLR-2) and LPS (lipopolysaccharide; TLR-4). On the basis of SPECT-MPI, patients were categorized into three groups: reversible defect, irreversible defect and no defect. Myocardial stress induced a reduction in TLR-4 expression (2.46±0.21 compared with 2.17±0.16 arbitrary units, P=0.001) and CD11b expression (83.2±1.73 compared with 76.0±1.89 arbitrary units, P<0.001). TLR-induced IL-8 production before myocardial stress induction was not associated with the results of SPECT-MPI. However, a significant decrease in IL-8 production following TLR stimulation was observed after stress, which was more pronounced in patients with a reversible defect. In conclusion, inducible ischaemia is associated with a decrease in whole-blood TLR-2 and TLR-4 response. These results point to a regulating role of TLRs in order to prevent excessive inflammatory events known to occur during acute ischaemia.
Diagnosis and Prognosis of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: van Middendorp Joost J. , Goss Ben , Urquhart Susan , Atresh Sridhar , Williams Richard P. , Schuetz Michael
Published: December 2011

Despite promising advances in basic spinal cord repair research, no effective therapy resulting in major neurological or functional recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is available to date. The neurological examination according to the International Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification of Spinal Cord Injury Patients (International Standards) has become the cornerstone in the assessment of the severity and level of the injury. Based on parameters from the International Standards, physicians are able to inform patients about the predicted long-term outcomes, including the ability to walk, with high accuracy. In those patients who cannot participate in a reliable physical neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological examinations may provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information. As clinical research on this topic continues, the prognostic value of the reviewed diagnostic assessments will become more accurate in the near future. These advances will provide useful information for physicians to counsel tSCI patients and their families during the catastrophic initial phase after the injury.
Goryachev-Chaplygin, Kovalevskaya, and Brdička-Eardley-Nappi-Witten pp-waves spacetimes with higher rank Stäckel-Killing tensors
Authors: Gibbons G. W. , Rugina C.
Published: December 2011

Hidden symmetries of the Goryachev-Chaplygin and Kovalevskaya gyrostats spacetimes, as well as the Brdička-Eardley-Nappi-Witten pp-waves are studied. We find out that these spacetimes possess higher rank Stäckel-Killing tensors and that in the case of the pp-wave spacetimes, the symmetry group of the Stäckel-Killing tensors is the well-known Newton-Hooke group.
Engineering titanium and aluminum oxide composites using atomic layer deposition
Authors: Biluš Abaffy N. , McCulloch D. G. , Partridge J. G. , Evans P. J. , Triani G.
Published: December 2011

Mixed metal oxides provide a convenient means to produce coatings with tailored physical properties. We investigate the possibility of synthesizing novel coatings of mixed titanium and aluminum oxide using atomic layer deposition (ALD). Results show that ALD films were prepared with compositions ranging between Al2O3 and TiO2 having refractive indices between 1.6 and 2.4 (at λ = 550 nm) at low temperature. The microstructure and bonding environment within the films was investigated using electron microscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The films were amorphous, and the Ti and Al atoms were mixed at the atomic scale. The electrical breakdown characteristics of the films were measured and showed that films with intermediate compositions had poor leakage current properties, believed to be caused by the presence of distorted bonding configurations. This study shows that ALD can be used to deposit high quality thin films with tailored optical properties, particularly suitable for applications in which complex topographies are required.