bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of rock-physics depth trends and Markov random fields on hierarchical Bayesian lithology/fluid prediction
Authors: Rimstad Kjartan , Omre Henning
Published: September 2010

Early assessments of petroleum reservoirs are usually based on seismic data and observations in a small number of wells. Decision-making concerning the reservoir will be improved if these data can be integrated and converted into a lithology/fluid map of the reservoir. We analyze lithology/fluid prediction in a Bayesian setting, based on prestack seismic data and well observations. The likelihood model contains a convolved linearized Zoeppritz relation and rock-physics models with depth trends caused by compaction and cementation. Well observations are assumed to be exact. The likelihood model contains several global parameters such as depth trend, wavelets, and error parameters; the inference of these is an integral part of the study. The prior model is based on a profile Markov random field parameterized to capture different continuity directions for lithologies and fluids. The posterior model captures prediction and model-parameter uncertainty and is assessed by Markov-chain Monte Carlo simulation-based inference. The inversion model is evaluated on a synthetic and a real data case. It is concluded that geologically plausible lithology/fluid predictions can be made. Rock physics depth trends have influence when cementation is present and/or predictions at depth outside the well range are made. Inclusion of model-parameter uncertainty makes the prediction uncertainties more realistic.
Caloric Restriction Reverses Hepatic Insulin Resistance and Steatosis in Rats with Low Aerobic Capacity
Authors: Bowman Thomas A. , Ramakrishnan Sadeesh K. , Kaw Meenakshi , Lee Sang Jun , Patel Payal R. , Golla Varun K. , Bourey Raymond E. , Haram Per Magnus , Koch Lauren G. , Britton Steven L. , Wisløff Ulrik , Lee Abraham D. , Najjar Sonia M.
Published: September 2010

Rats selectively bred for low aerobic running capacity exhibit the metabolic syndrome, including hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, visceral obesity, and dyslipidemia. They also exhibit features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, including chicken-wire fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Hyperinsulinemia in these rats is associated with impaired hepatic insulin clearance. The current studies aimed to determine whether these metabolic abnormalities could be reversed by caloric restriction (CR). CR by 30% over a period of 2–3 months improved insulin clearance in parallel to inducing the protein content and activation of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1, a main player in hepatic insulin extraction. It also reduced glucose and insulin intolerance and serum and tissue (liver and muscle) triglyceride levels. Additionally, CR reversed inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in liver. The data support a significant role of CR in the normalization of insulin and lipid metabolism in liver.
Minireview: Aldosterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptors: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Funder John W.
Published: September 2010

Although aldosterone was not isolated and chemically characterized until 1953, the mineralocorticoid action of certain steroids, notably deoxycorticosterone (DOC), had been recognized decades earlier. From 1953 until 1990 saw the establishment of the basic biology and clinical (patho)physiology of aldosterone as an epithelial sodium retaining hormone: its biosynthesis in the adrenal glomerulosa; control of its secretion by ACTH, angiotensin II, and plasma [K+]; its action via intracellular mineralocorticoid receptors to promote DNA-directed; RNA-mediated synthesis of proteins responsible for its epithelial effects; and the syndrome of primary aldosteronism, in which secretion of the hormone is relatively autonomous of its normal stimuli. The past 2 decades have been a major extension of our understanding of the pathophysiology of aldosterone and the complexities of mineralocorticoid receptor signaling in particular. This review concludes with a brief consideration of recent findings regarding hormone and receptor, agonists, and antagonists. In 1990 it might reasonably have been argued that we had the overarching framework for understanding the roles of aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptors, with only the details to be filled in. Two decades later we still do not know the boundaries, and for every answer, two questions are springing up: truly the more we learn, the less we know.
Impact of Maternal Periconceptional Overnutrition on Fat Mass and Expression of Adipogenic and Lipogenic Genes in Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat Depots in the Postnatal Lamb
Authors: Rattanatray L. , MacLaughlin S. M. , Kleemann D. O. , Walker S. K. , Muhlhausler B. S. , McMillen I. C.
Published: September 2010

Women entering pregnancy with a high body weight and fat mass have babies who are at increased risk of becoming overweight or obese in later life. We investigated whether maternal overnutrition in the periconceptional period results in an increased fat mass and expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes in offspring and whether dietary restriction can reverse these changes. Nonpregnant donor ewes (n = 23) were assigned to one of four groups: control-control fed at 100% maintenance energy requirements (MER) for at least 5 months, control-restricted fed 100% MER for 4 months and 70% MER for 1 month, high-high (HH) fed ad libitum (170–190% MER) for 5 months, or high-restricted (HR) fed ad libitum for 4 months and 70% MER for 1 month. Single embryos were transferred to nonobese recipient ewes, and lamb fat depots were weighed at 4 months. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lipoprotein lipase, leptin, and adiponectin mRNA expression was measured in the lamb fat depots. Total fat mass was higher in female lambs in the HH but not HR group than controls. There was a relationship between donor ewe weight and total fat mass and G3PDH mRNA expression in perirenal fat in female lambs. There was no effect of periconceptional nutritional treatment on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lipoprotein lipase, leptin, and adiponectin mRNA expression in any fat depot. Thus, exposure to maternal overnutrition in the periconceptional period alone results in an increased body fat mass in the offspring and that a short period of dietary restriction can reverse this effect.
Stress Responsiveness Varies over the Ultradian Glucocorticoid Cycle in a Brain-Region-Specific Manner
Authors: Sarabdjitsingh Ratna A. , Conway-Campbell Becky L. , Leggett James D. , Waite Eleanor J. , Meijer Onno C. , de Kloet E. R. , Lightman Stafford L.
Published: September 2010

Glucocorticoid hormones are released in rapid hourly hormone bursts by the adrenal gland. These ultradian oscillations are fundamental to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity and transcriptional regulation of glucocorticoid responsive genes. The physiological relevance of glucocorticoid pulsatility is however unknown. Using a novel automated infusion system, we artificially created different patterns (modulating pulse amplitude) of corticosterone (cort). Identical amounts of cort either in constant or in hourly pulses were infused into adrenalectomized rats. At the end of the infusion period, either during rising or falling concentrations of a cort pulse, animals were exposed to 99 dB noise stress (10 min). Pulsatile cort infusion led to a differential stress response, dependent on the phase of the pulse during which the stress was applied. Although constant administration of cort resulted in a blunted ACTH response to the stressor, a brisker response occurred during the rising phase of plasma cort than during the falling phase. This phase-dependent effect was also seen in the behavioral response to the stressor, which was again greater during the rising phase of each cort pulse. Within the brain itself, we found differential C-fos activation responses to noise stress in the pituitary, paraventricular nucleus, amygdala, and hippocampus. This effect was both glucocorticoid pulse amplitude and phase dependent, suggesting that different stress circuits are differentially responsive to the pattern of glucocorticoid exposure. Our data suggest that the oscillatory changes in plasma glucocorticoid levels are critical for the maintenance of normal physiological reactivity to a stressor and in addition modulate emotionality and exploratory behavior.
Research Resource: Estrogen-Driven Prolactin-Mediated Gene-Expression Networks in Hormone-Induced Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Tam Neville N.C. , Szeto Carol Y.Y. , Freudenberg Johannes M. , Fullenkamp Amy N. , Medvedovic Mario , Ho Shuk-Mei
Published: September 2010

Cotreatment with testosterone (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2) is an established regimen for inducing of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate cancer in rodent models. We previously used the pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780 (ICI) and bromocriptine, a dopamine receptor agonist, to inhibit PIN induction and systemic hyperprolactinemia in Noble rats and found that the carcinogenic action of T+E2 is mediated directly by the effects of E2 on the prostate and/or indirectly via E2-induced hyperprolactinemia. In this study, we delineate the specific action(s) of E2 and prolactin (PRL) in early prostate carcinogenesis by an integrated approach combining global transcription profiling, gene ontology, and gene-network mapping. We identified 2504 differentially expressed genes in the T+E2-treated lateral prostate. The changes in expression of a subset of 1990 genes (∼80%) were blocked upon cotreatment with ICI and bromocriptine, respectively, whereas those of 262 genes (∼10%) were blocked only by treatment with ICI, suggesting that E2-induced pituitary PRL is the primary mediator of the prostatic transcriptional response to the altered hormone milieu. Bioinformatics analyses identified hormone-responsive gene networks involved in immune responses, stromal tissue remodeling, and the ERK pathway. In particular, our data suggest that IL-1β may mediate, at least in part, hormone-induced changes in gene expression during PIN formation. Together, these data highlight the importance of pituitary PRL in estrogen-induced prostate tumorigenesis. The identification of both E2- and pituitary PRL-responsive genes provides a comprehensive resource for future investigations of the complex mechanisms by which changes in the endocrine milieu contribute to prostate carcinogenesis in vivo.
A Review of Douglass C. North, John Joseph Wallis, and Barry R. Weingast'sViolence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History
Authors: Bates Robert
Published: September 2010

In Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History, Douglass C. North, John Joseph Wallis, and Barry R. Weingast probe the organizational foundations of development. Outlining the properties of the “natural” and “open entry” societies, they highlight as well the conditions under which societies can move from one to the other, thereby achieving political order and economic prosperity.
Edge Correction in Calculation of Dielectric Constant
Authors: Woolley David E.
Published: September 2010

When relative permittivity (relative dielectric constant) is calculated based on capacitance data from an unshielded, two-electrode fixture, edge capacitance corrections should be used. Corrections are given in ASTM D150-98 for the case of thin electrodes (such as foil) in several configurations. The ASTM formulas are based on multiple linear regression analysis of data from Scott and Curtis. In this study, a finite-element model of the original measurement setup is developed, and the model is verified against the original data. The model is used to do additional numerical experiments, and these new data are used to extend the range of the original regression formulas.
Neuronal Responses during and after the Presentation of Static Visual Stimuli in Macaque Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: McLelland Douglas , Baker Pamela M. , Ahmed Bashir , Bair Wyeth
Published: September 2010

Viewing static visual scenes for several seconds or longer can induce a wide variety of striking percepts, including negative afterimages, fading, and motion aftereffects. To characterize the neuronal bases of such phenomena and elucidate functional circuitry in the visual system, we recorded responses of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) of anesthetized macaques during and after the presentation of prolonged static visual stimuli. We found that 72% of cells generated significant after-responses (ARs) that outlasted classical off-transients after the cessation of stimuli, and AR amplitude grew with stimulus duration. After the longest stimuli tested (32 s), the amplitude and the time course of the AR were on average comparable to, and correlated with, those of the maintained response evoked while stimuli were present. These observations generally held regardless of cell class: simple, complex, direction selective (DS) or non-DS. The average decay time constant of the AR for orientation-tuned cells was 0.65 s. This is strikingly shorter than time constants observed in the lateral geniculate nucleus, which were on the order of tens of seconds. Cells in V1 that lacked orientation tuning displayed an intermediate time course, with a mean time constant of 4.3 s. These results are consistent with a multistage model in which cells at successive stages adapt to their inputs with progressively shorter time constants. Our findings suggest that the perceptual phenomena of fading and afterimages are shaped by both cortical and subcortical dynamics and provide a physiological framework for the interpretation of recent and long-standing psychophysical observations.
Fibrillar Amyloid-β-Activated Human Astroglia Kill Primary Human Neurons via Neutral Sphingomyelinase: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Jana Arundhati , Pahan Kalipada
Published: September 2010

Glial activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease. However, molecular mechanisms by which activated glia could kill neurons are poorly understood. The present study underlines the importance of neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) in mediating the damaging effect of fibrillar amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ1-42) peptide-activated astroglia on neurons. In transwell experiments, soluble products released from activated primary human astroglia induced the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase), production of ceramide, and cell death in primary human neurons. Protection of neurons from cytotoxic effects of activated astroglia by antisense knockdown of N-SMase, but not acidic sphingomyelinase (A-SMase), suggests that soluble products released from activated astroglia kill neurons via N-SMase but not A-SMase. Next we examined the role of N-SMase in the activation of human astroglia. Interestingly, knockdown of N-SMase, but not A-SMase, by either antisense oligonucleotides or chemical inhibitor, prevented the induction of proinflammatory molecules [tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6] and the activation of nuclear factor-κB in Aβ1-42-activated astroglia. Subsequently, fibrillar Aβ peptides also induced the activation of N-SMase and ceramidein vivoin mouse cortex. Most importantly, antisense knockdown of N-SMase, but not A-SMase, decreased the activation of astroglia and protected neurons from fibrillar Aβ toxicityin vivoin the cortex. Together, it is apparent that both the activation of astroglia by Aβ and that the cytotoxicity of activated astroglia on neurons depend on N-SMase.
A Hierarchical Phosphorylation Cascade That Regulates the Timing of PERIOD Nuclear Entry Reveals Novel Roles for Proline-Directed Kinases and GSK-3β/SGG in Circadian Clocks
Authors: Ko Hyuk Wan , Kim Eun Young , Chiu Joanna , Vanselow Jens T. , Kramer Achim , Edery Isaac
Published: September 2010

The daily timing of when PERIOD (PER) proteins translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus is a critical step in clock mechanisms underpinning circadian rhythms in animals. Numerous lines of evidence indicate that phosphorylation plays a prominent role in regulating various aspects of PER function and metabolism, including changes in its daily stability and subcellular distribution. In this report, we show that phosphorylation of serine 661 (Ser661) by a proline-directed kinase(s) is a key phospho-signal on theDrosophilaPER protein (dPER) that regulates the timing of its nuclear accumulation. Mutations that block phosphorylation at Ser661 do not affect dPER stability but delay its nuclear entry in key pacemaker neurons, yielding longer behavioral rhythms. Intriguingly, abolishing phosphorylation at Ser661 also attenuates the extent of dPER hyperphosphorylationin vivo, suggesting the phosphorylated state of Ser661 regulates phosphorylation at other sites on dPER. Indeed, we identify Ser657 as a site that is phosphorylated by the glycogen synthase kinase GSK-3β (SHAGGY; SGG) in a manner dependent on priming at Ser661. Although not as dramatic as mutating Ser661, mutations that abolish phosphorylation at Ser657 also lead to longer behavioral periods, suggesting that a multi-kinase hierarchical phosphorylation module regulates the timing of dPER nuclear entry. Together with evidence in mammalian systems, our findings implicate proline-directed kinases in clock mechanisms and suggest that PER proteins are key downstream targets of lithium therapy, a potent inhibitor of GSK-3β used to treat manic depression, a disorder associated with clock malfunction in humans.
Surround Suppression Sharpens the Priority Map in the Lateral Intraparietal Area
Authors: Falkner Annegret L. , Krishna B. Suresh , Goldberg Michael E.
Published: September 2010

In the visual world, stimuli compete with each other for allocation of the brain's limited processing resources. Computational models routinely invoke wide-ranging mutually suppressive interactions in spatial priority maps to implement active competition for attentional and saccadic allocation, but such suppressive interactions have not been physiologically described, and their existence is controversial. Much evidence implicates the lateral intraparietal area as a candidate priority map in the macaque (Macaca mulatta). Here, we demonstrate that the responses of neurons in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) to a task-irrelevant distractor are strongly suppressed when the monkey plans saccades to locations outside their receptive fields. Suppression can be evoked both by flashed visual stimuli and by a memorized saccade plan. The suppressive surrounds of LIP neurons are spatially tuned and wide ranging. Increasing the monkey's motivation enhances target–distractor discriminability by enhancing both distractor suppression and the saccade goal representation; these changes are accompanied by correlated improvements in behavioral performance.
The Basolateral Amygdala Is Critical for the Acquisition and Extinction of Associations between a Neutral Stimulus and a Learned Danger Signal But Not between Two Neutral Stimuli
Authors: Parkes Shauna L. , Westbrook R. Frederick
Published: September 2010

We studied the neural substrates of higher-order conditioned fear in rats. We first studied acquisition and extinction of second-order fear. One stimulus (S1) was paired with a footshock unconditioned stimulus (US), a second stimulus (S2) was paired with S1, and, finally, fear of S2 was extinguished by S2 alone exposures. Reversible inactivation of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) via muscimol, systemic injection of the NMDA receptor (NMDAr) antagonist MK-801 [(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo [a,d] cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate], or intra-amygdala infusion of the NMDAr NR2B subunit selective antagonist ifenprodil impaired both acquisition and extinction of fear to S2. We then studied acquisition and extinction of sensory preconditioned fear. S2 was first paired with S1, S1 was then paired with the US, and, finally, fear of S2 was extinguished by S2 alone exposures. Extinction of sensory preconditioned fear was impaired by a BLA infusion of muscimol or ifenprodil and by MK-801. Acquisition of the S2–S1 association and extinction of this association by S2 alone exposures before conditioning of S1 was impaired by MK-801 but not by a BLA infusion of muscimol. These results show that NMDAr activation in the BLA is critical for acquisition of second-order conditioned fear and for the extinction of both second-order and sensory preconditioned fear just as it is for acquisition and extinction of first-order conditioned fear. Acquisition and extinction of an association between two neutral stimuli also require NMDAr activation. However, the present results show that the acquisition and extinction of these associations do not require the BLA.
Farsahhan sih selban imu […], lihhamun hreinnan … Alles nur Worte? Askese in Scriptorium und Bibliothek
Authors: Moulin Claudine
Published: September 2010

Focusing especially on case studies from the Old High German glosses to the Rule of Benedict, and especially on the lexeme disciplina, one of their central ascetic terms, this contribution examines different manifestations and methods of the glossators’ annotation system from a primarily linguistic viewpoint. The Old High German words interpolated between and to the side of the Latin lines are interpreted not only as linguistic primary material, but at the same time as means of deepening our cultural-historical understanding of medieval forms of life and the spheres of knowledge inherent to them in which asceticism played a major role.
Die Besänftigung göttlichen Zorns in karolingischer Zeit. Kaiserliche Vorgaben zu Fasten, Gebet und Buße im Umfeld der Hungersnot von 805/06
Authors: Jörg Christian
Published: September 2010

The study focuses on fasting as a means of recovering God’s grace, an act which was frequently ordered by authorities throughout the European Middle Ages. Crop failure in particular, as well as the famine which regularly resulted from it, were countered by fasting lasting several days. The famine of the years 805 to 806 is a special case of collective asceticism focussed on a distinct geographical entity and carried out using suitable rules e.g. fasting, prayer, alms-giving etc. At the same time it is shown to be a paradigmatic example of medieval crisis management. In cases such as these, renunciation seems to have been a sort of religiously motivated inward-looking self-compulsion. Consequently asceticism of this type can be regarded as the product of an external compulsion which seeks to mediate the world of events through a collectively established religious order.
Asketische Repräsentation und Lektüre. Von der ‚Vita Elyzabeth‘ zum ‚Bihtebuoch‘
Authors: Ruge Nikolaus
Published: September 2010

My paper focuses on two different ways of relating textuality and asceticism in late medieval vernacular texts. The first part investigates various textual representations of the polyvalent ascetic biography of Elizabeth of Hungary (most of them based on the ‘Vita S. Elyzabeth’ by Dietrich von Apolda), and observes that Elizabeth’s rather modern, worldly ascetic practices did not inhibit monastic reception of their hagiographic representations in the vernacular. Nonetheless, at least one passage of the different versions of the ‘Vita’ questions, in a more or less pronounced manner, the very possibility of representing ascetism. Rutebeuf’s 13th-century French version puts it most clearly: It is not the movement of lips and teeth that leads to salvation, but true compunction. Subsequently, the second part discusses a related question raised by a 14th-century Rhenish Franconian confessional handbook: Does textual ascetism have to be encoded via linguistic form?
‚Barlaam und Josaphat‘ Überlegungen zur Bildwürdigkeit der Askese im Mittelalter
Authors: Kerscher Gottfried
Published: September 2010

The contribution concentrates on the graphic representation of asceticism and ascetic life forms as it is perceived in a late medieval version of the legend of ‘Barlaam and Josaphat’. The legend was handed down from a Buddhist text version first in Byzantium and later in the West; the often illustrated German vernacular version of Rudolf von Ems forms the basis of the contribution. Asceticism served as a self-compulsatory voluntary decision for the acquisition of divine mercy in all of these works. Here the indefatigable striving for welfare corresponded to the indefatigable occupational work culminating in actions conferring with God’s ultimate will. However, this could hardly be represented by means of detailed illustrations, but had to be communicated in a sign-like fashion through actions such as putting away of one’s clothes etc.; indeed, even an emaciated body was a sufficiently clear sign denoting asceticism.
Mystik und Askese: Unterschiedliche Tendenzen in der jüdischen Mystik und deren Korrespondenzen im Sufismus und in der arabischen Philosophie
Authors: Morlok Elke , Musall Frederek
Published: September 2010

This article deals with the incompatibility of Christian and Jewish stereotypes in asceticism and tries to establish new models for approaching ascetic tendencies within the latter. In the context of halachic regulations we examine different ascetic aspects within Judaism, with a special focus on medieval Spain. In this area we observe a certain interaction between Jewish and Sufi trends, esp. in the works of Bachja ibn Paquda, Abraham bar Chijja and Abraham Maimonides. In the works of these authors we find tripartite models of asceticism which signify the path to the deity. In a comparison with Sufi texts such as those of Al-Gazali, the three levels of repentance/law, meditation/path and the recognition of the divine truth are shown to be intertwined in a similar way, and all describe the way of the philosopher or mystic to the highest knowledge. In a further section this tripartite schema is compared to kabbalistic texts with their ideas of ascent and union with the divine within ecstatic kabbalah. In the first example we observe how an erotic impulse may lead to an ascetic way of life and how the horizontal move out of society leads to a vertical ascent of the soul and the foundation of a new, mobile society. In the second text we also detect the three intertwined stages of our model and see how ascetic preparations lead to an erotic union of the mystic’s soul with the divine intellect. Asceticism is described in both texts as a mode of transformation and the path between two extremes, which finally leads to intimate knowledge of the deity.
Moderne und Askese Über ihr Verhältnis nach Max Weber und Norbert Elias
Authors: Hahn Alois , Hoffmann Matthias
Published: September 2010

In this article Weber’s famous theory concerning “The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism” is taken as a theory of civilization. It is shown that in his analysis of ascetic Puritanism, and also of the Calvinistic doctrine of predestination, Weber comes to depict the principle of self-control as the main feature of the Puritan which makes him “the father of modern self-discipline”. Self-discipline in turn is the principal ability of modern man in Norbert Elias’ theory of civilization. But all these categories that Elias uses to describe the status of being civilized – self-control, control of emotion, methodical moderation of spontaneity, punctuality etc. – already appear in the work of Max Weber in his attempt to explain the religious genesis of such attitudes.
Mass Transfer to Microelectrodes and Arrays
Authors: Sequeira C. A. C. , Santos D. M. F.
Published: September 2010

The properties and advantages of microelectrodes and arrays are reviewed and mass transfer to these microstructures detailed. Various methods for the solution of the mass transfer equations are described, and an overview of analytical and numerical techniques mentioned, including discrete methods, methods of weighted residuals, and finite element methods. Applications in the simulation of electrochemical systems are reported.
Crystal Structure and Solid–Solid Phase Transition of 1-Dodecylamine Hydrobromide
Authors: Liu Yupu , Di Youying , Dan Wenyan , He Donghua
Published: September 2010

1-dodecylamine hydrobromide was synthesized. The crystal structure of the compound was determined by X-ray crystallography. Low-temperature heat capacities of the title compound were measured by an adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 78 to 390 K. Three solid–solid phase transitions were observed at the peak temperatures of (329.278±0.234), (337.805±0.326), and (347.371±0.154) K. The molar enthalpies and entropies of the three phase transitions of the substance were calculated based on the analysis of heat capacity curves. Experimental values of heat capacities for the title compound were fitted to two polynomial equations. Three solid–solid phase transitions and a melting process of 1-dodecylamine hydrobromide were verified by DSC technique. In addition, the reversibility and repeatability of the three phase transitions were discussed.
Socialização organizacional de pessoas com deficiência
Authors: Carvalho-Freitas Maria Nivalda de , Toledo Isadora D'Ávila , Nepomuceno Maristela Ferro , Suzano Janayna de Cássia Coelho , Almeida Luciana Alves Drumond
Published: September 2010

O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar as principais características do processo de socialização das pessoas com deficiência (PCDs) nas organizações. Consideraram-se três dimensões do processo de socialização: biográfica, relacional e organizacional. Identificou-se ações de busca de domínio do trabalho, ações de integração ao grupo de trabalho e ações de conhecimento dos valores da organização realizadas pelas próprias PCDs. As organizações não tinham táticas de socialização sistematizadas. Ficou evidenciada a associação positiva entre táticas de socialização individualizadas e percepção de ações de adequação das práticas e condições de trabalho.
Paradigma da complexidade e teoria das organizações: uma reflexão epistemológica
Authors: Serva Maurício , Dias Taisa , Alperstedt Graziela Dias
Published: September 2010

Este ensaio é produto de uma reflexão acerca da epistemologia da complexidade e sua importância para a epistemologia da administração e para a teoria das organizações. Propõe-se auxiliar na compreensão do seu surgimento, apontando sua potencial contribuição para o avanço da epistemologia da administração e da teoria das organizações. Para tanto, num primeiro momento, aborda o surgimento de uma epistemologia específica da administração e a necessidade de um novo olhar sobre ela. Em seguida, trata sinteticamente da epistemologia e do paradigma da complexidade, para então passar a discutir a relação e as contribuições potenciais desses conhecimentos para o avanço da reflexão epistemológica na administração e do aperfeiçoamento das teorias organizacionais. Por fim, destaca algumas questões que surgem a partir dessa reflexão, em se tratando da possibilidade da adoção da epistemologia da complexidade para a realização de estudos organizacionais numa perspectiva crítica.
Indução de multibrotação in vitro em videira cv. Bordô
Authors: Ayub Ricardo Antonio , Spinardi Bruna , Basso Marcos Fernando , Biasi Luiz Antonio
Published: September 2010

A micropropagação possibilita a propagação massal e pode contribuir para atender à demanda de plantas-matrizes e mudas de qualidade genética e sanitária comprovadas de videira. Diferentes meios de cultura, acrescidos ou não de reguladores vegetais, tem sido usado com freqüência para auxiliar na indução de brotações. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os meios de cultura MS e GZ completo ou com metade da concentração de sais acrescidos de BAP para indução de multibrotação em videira da cv. Bordô. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com quatro meios de cultura (MS, MS/2, GZ, GZ/2) e quatro concentrações de BAP (0; 2,5; 5 e 10 μM), com quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se aos 30 dias o número de brotos por micro-estaca, número de novas microestacas por broto, número de folhas por broto, comprimento médio dos brotos, número de raízes por microestaca e comprimento da raiz principal. O meio de cultura mais eficiente para indução de multibrotação em videira cv. Bordô e o desenvolvimento da parte aérea é o meio MS acrescido de 2,5 μM de BAP.
Identificação molecular da uva 'Goethe' de Urussanga - SC por marcadores microssatélites
Authors: Schuck Mariane Ruzza , Moreira Flavia Maia , Voltolini José Afonso , Guerra Miguel Pedro , Grando Maria Stella , Silva Aparecido Lima da
Published: September 2010

A variedade Goethe é símbolo da vitivinicultura da região de Urussanga, sul do Estado de Santa Catarina, a qual, atualmente, busca a Indicação Geográfica da Uva e do Vinho Goethe. Para isto, um dos requisitos necessários é a identificação precisa do material genético. Os marcadores microssatélites constituem a ferramenta molecular mais utilizada para a identificação varietal de videira em todo o mundo e têm a capacidade de produzir um perfil genético único para cada material vitícola. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar duas seleções de uva 'Goethe', presentes no município de Urussanga, por meio de marcadores moleculares microssatélites, visando a atender aos requisitos de denominação de origem e indicação de procedência controlada. A extração do DNA genômico foi realizada a partir de folhas jovens e ramos de nove acessos de cada seleção de 'Goethe Classica' e 'Goethe Primo' provenientes de uma coleção pública e de oito coleções privadas da região de Urussanga. Dez loci microssatélites VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VrZAG62, VrZAG79, VVMD25, VVMD28, VVMD31 e VVMD32 foram genotipados através de eletroforese capilar. As análises realizadas mostraram que as duas variantes da uva 'Goethe' apresentaram um perfil molecular idêntico e único, isto é, representam a mesma variedade e sem nenhuma correspondência com variedades descritas anteriormente na literatura e nos bancos de dados consultados. As diferenças fenotípicas observadas provavelmente são devidas a mutações somáticas em regiões funcionais do genoma, fenômeno que dá origem aos clones em videira.
Segurança no trabalho de preparo de calda no tanque de 2.000l do turbopulverizador com formulações líquidas de agrotóxicos registradas para a cultura de goiaba
Authors: Tácio Matheus Bellini , Oliveira Maurício Leite de , Machado Neto Joaquim Gonçalves
Published: September 2010

Na atividade de preparo de caldas no tanque do turbopulverizador, há risco de intoxicação do trabalhador devido à exposição, à toxicidade e à concentração do ingrediente ativo tóxico na formulação. Objetivou-se quantificar as exposições dérmicas e respiratórias diárias às dez formulações líquidas de agrotóxicos registradas para a cultura da goiaba, na atividade de abastecimento de dez tanques de 2.000L do turbopulverizador, e a distribuição da exposição dérmica nas partes do corpo do trabalhador, avaliar a eficiência de dois conjuntos de vestimentas hidrorrepelentes, classificar as três condições de trabalho em seguras ou inseguras, e determinar as necessidades de controle das exposições e o número de preparos de caldas seguros. A exposição dérmica na atividade de preparo de caldas é de 13,35 mL de formulação/dia, e a respiratória, de 0, 000153 mL. Nesta atividade de preparo de caldas, as mãos do trabalhador são as partes do corpo mais expostas, com 70,6% da exposição dérmica. A eficiência do conjunto Agro Light, da empresa R&B, é de 92,8 % da exposição dérmica diária do preparador de caldas, e do Kit Tratorizado, da Azeredo, 94,2 %. As exposições dérmicas não controladas pelos conjuntos de proteção individual distribuem-se nas diversas partes do corpo do trabalhador. As atividades de preparo de caldas com as dez formulações líquidas de agrotóxicos registrados na cultura de goiaba são inseguras para o trabalhador. Com as vestimentas de proteção individual, apenas a atividade de preparo de caldas com o inseticida PROVADO (200 g de imidacloprido/L) é segura. Para as condições de trabalho inseguras, as necessidades de controle das exposições variam de 73,8 a 100% (sem proteção), de 26,9 a 99,7% (Agro Light) e de 9,4 a 99,6% (Kit tratorizado). O número de preparo de caldas seguro é de 0 tanques/dia sem proteção, de 0 a 5 ou 7 (Agro Light) ou a 7, 6 ou 9 (Kit Tratorizado).
Evapotranspiração de referência com base na radiação solar global estimada pelo método de Bristow-Campbell
Authors: Conceição Marco A. F.
Published: September 2010

A quantidade de água a ser aplicada em sistemas de irrigação é normalmente calculada com base na evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) da região. Vários métodos podem ser empregados para o cálculo de ETo, sendo o de Hargreaves um dos mais adotados. Esse método utiliza valores estimados da radiação solar global (Rs) com base na diferença entre as temperaturas máxima (Tmáx) e mínima (Tmín) do ar. Entretanto, a Rs pode ser calculada por outros métodos, como o de Bristow-Campbell, que também se baseia na diferença entre Tmáx e Tmín. No presente trabalho, foram estimados valores diários da ETo pelo método de Hargreaves, em Jales - SP, com e sem o uso da equação de Bristow-Campbell para cálculo de Rs. Esses valores foram comparados aos obtidos pelo método de Penman-Monteith, que é considerado padrão para a estimativa de ETo. As avaliações consideraram os períodos úmido e seco na região. O uso da equação de Bristow-Campbell melhorou o desempenho do método de Hargreaves, em relação ao de Penman-Monteith, sendo que durante o período seco do ano o desempenho foi superior ao do período úmido.
Qualidade fisiológica e produtividade de sementes de soja
Authors: Scheeren Bruno Ricardo , Peske Silmar Teichert , Schuch Luis Osmar Braga , Barros Antonio Carlos Albuquerque
Published: September 2010

A soja constitui, atualmente, assunto de intensa atividade de pesquisa dirigida para a obtenção de informações que possibilitem aumentos de produtividade. Nesse contexto, a utilização de sementes de alta qualidade constitui-se em uma ferramenta de extrema importância para o agricultor. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do vigor na produtividade da soja, seis lotes de sementes, três de alto e três de baixo vigor foram semeados, utilizando-se três densidades de semeadura, determinadas pela germinação do termo de conformidade, mais um fator de correção de 15% e pelo resultado da emergência no campo. A população de plantas após a emergência não foi alterada com desbaste, buscando assim, reproduzir as condições de campo que o agricultor enfrenta com a semeadura de sementes de qualidade variável. Avaliou-se durante o ciclo de desenvolvimento das plantas, o estande inicial, altura de plantas aos 21 e 75 dias após a semeadura, número de vagens e de sementes por planta e o peso de mil sementes e produção por área. Os resultados obtidos mostram que: a produtividade por área dos lotes de alto vigor pode ser 9% superior aos de baixo vigor; as plantas provenientes de sementes de alto vigor apresentam maior altura aos 21 dias após a semeadura.
Caracterização morfológica do fruto, da semente e do desenvolvimento da plântula de Blepharocalyx salicifolius (H.B.K.) Berg. e Myrceugenia gertii Landrum - Myrtaceae
Authors: Rego Suelen Santos , Nogueira Antonio Carlos , Kuniyoshi Yoshiko Saito , Santos Álvaro Figueredo Dos
Published: September 2010

O objetivo neste trabalho foi caracterizar morfologicamente os frutos, as sementes e o desenvolvimento da plântula de Blepharocalyx salicifolius e Myrceugenia gertii. Para descrever os frutos e sementes foram utilizadas 100 unidades e para a descrição do desenvolvimento da plântula foram colocadas para germinar 100 sementes em substrato papel toalha, à temperatura de 25 ºC e 50 sementes em substrato vermiculita. Os frutos de B. salicifolius e M. gertii são carnosos e indeiscentes do tipo bacóide. As sementes de B. salicifolius possuem forma de espiral, coloração castanha semitransparente, não possuem endosperma e o embrião é do tipo pimentóide. As sementes de M. gertii são ovaladas, de coloração castanha semitransparente, comprimidas lateralmente, o endosperma é mucilaginoso e o embrião é do tipo mircióide. A germinação de ambas é epígea fanerocotiledonar.
Avaliação da evolução de danos por "umidade" e redução do vigor em sementes de soja, cultivar TMG113-RR, durante o armazenamento, utilizando imagens de raios x e testes de potencial fisiológico
Authors: Forti Victor Augusto , Cicero Silvio Moure , Pinto Tais Leite Ferreira
Published: September 2010

Condições climáticas desfavoráveis após a maturidade fisiológica em sementes de soja têm ocasionado problemas no seu potencial fisiológico, incluindo a ocorrência de danos por "umidade". Para a avaliação desses danos, a técnica de análise de imagens de raios X é aplicável para identificar, de maneira precisa, sua intensidade e localização. Assim, foi o objetivo desdte trabalho avaliar o efeito de diferentes condições de armazenamento na evolução dos danos por "umidade" em sementes de soja utilizando o teste de raios X e testes de potencial fisiológico. Foram utilizados três lotes do cultivar TMG113-RR, armazenados durante 8 meses em ambiente não controlado, câmara seca (50% UR e 20 ºC) e câmara fria (65% UR e 10 ºC). Periodicamente, a cada 2 meses, as sementes foram avaliadas por meio dos testes de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, emergência de plântulas em campo e raios X. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x3x5 (lotes x ambientes x épocas) e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Observou-se que houve evolução dos danos por "umidade" e, conseqüentemente, diminuição do potencial fisiológico durante o período de armazenamento das sementes. A evolução do referido dano foi maior nas sementes armazenadas em ambiente não controlado e menor para as armazenadas em câmara fria.
Osmotic priming methodologies in relation to the physiological performance of rangpur lime seeds (Citrus limonia Osbeck)
Authors: Dantas Ísis Barreto , Guimarães Renato Mendes , Pinho Édila Vilela de Rezende Von , Carvalho Maria Laene Moreira de
Published: September 2010

Several mechanisms have been used to promote rapid germination of citrus seeds and uniform seedling emergence. We evaluated the effects of osmotic priming on the physiological performance of Rangpur lime seeds (Citrus limonia Osbeck). Seeds were treated with 30 g of Captan and 10 g of Tecto 600 in 20-litre batches and stored, without drying, at 10 ºC and 50% relative humidity for periods of 3, 6 and 9 months. After each period, seeds were primed at 25 ºC, in the light, by immersion in Poliethylenoglicol (PEG 6000), potassium nitrate (KNO3) and 70% PEG 6000 plus 30% KNO3, all at an osmotic potential of -1.1MPa, for priming periods of 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. Percentage germination, tray emergence and the emergence rate index (ERI) were evaluated. Priming in PEG 6000 solution, independent of priming period, or in KNO3 or PEG 6000 plus KNO3 for up to 9 days, were efficient at improving the physiological performance of seeds stored for up to 3 months. Osmotic priming appears to be a promising technique for improving the physiological quality of Rangpur lemon seeds.
Alterations in the lipid and soluble sugar content of melanoxylon brauna seeds during natural and accelerated ageing
Authors: Corte Viviana Borges , Borges Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e , Gonçalves José Francisco de Carvalho , Silva Mirian Sousa
Published: September 2010

The decay of seeds is irreversible and at best can only be delayed by applying techniques that reduce the velocity of the metabolic reactions involved. There is little information on the biochemistry of tropical forest tree seeds related to their storability. It was investigated the influence of the composition of lipids and soluble sugars of two storage compartments, the cotyledons and the embryonic axis, of Melanoxylon brauna Schot. (Leguminosae- Caesalpinioideae), a hardwood known as black brauna, seeds stored at 20 ºC for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months (natural ageing) and for 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours at 40 ºC (accelerated ageing). The levels of fatty acids and monosaccharides varied differentially in each of the embryo storage compartments. Changes in oligosaccharide levels were similar for both types of ageing, diminishing in both compartments. Ageing can be attributed to the significant decrease of oligosaccharides and the increase of glucose in both types of ageing and both embryo compartments.
Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de mamona classificadas por tamanho
Authors: Zuchi Jacson , Panozzo Luis Eduardo , Heberle Elaine , Dias Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos
Published: September 2010

O tamanho da semente, em muitas espécies, pode ser um indicativo de sua qualidade fisiológica. O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho fisiológico de sementes de mamona classificadas por tamanho. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Pesquisa de Sementes do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa e foram utilizadas sementes de quatro cultivares de mamona, IAC 226, IAC 80, Al Guarany 2002 e BRS 188 Paraguaçu, oriundas de todos os racemos da planta. As sementes foram classificadas em três peneiras, segundo a cultivar e foram avaliadas por meio dos testes de primeira contagem de germinação, germinação final, envelhecimento acelerado, comprimento de plântula, sistema radicular e parte aérea, massa de matéria fresca e massa de matéria seca. Nas cultivares IAC 226 e BRS 188 Paraguaçu há tendência de as sementes menores apresentarem maior velocidade e porcentagem final de germinação, porém não para as cultivares IAC 80 e Al Guarany 2002.
O Brasil e a construção da ordem econômica internacional contemporânea
Authors: Almeida Paulo Roberto de
Published: September 2010

Entre o Congresso de Viena, no qual estiveram representados apenas oito Estados "cristãos", as Conferências de Paz da Haia e o Tratado de Versalhes, que envolveram pouco mais de duas dezenas de países, e o atual sistema onusiano, praticamente universal, a sociedade internacional conheceu uma profunda democratização nos últimos dois séculos, mesmo que os fundamentos do poder político e econômico não tenham conhecido modificação substancial. Esse fenômeno de ampliação da antiga "democracia censitária" é particularmente visível na elaboração de normas e instituições para o relacionamento econômico internacional, em que as organizações multilaterais de cooperação técnica e econômica, dentre as quais se destacam o Fundo Monetário Internacional, o Banco Mundial e a Organização Mundial do Comércio, desempenham relevante papel na construção da interdependência global. Este ensaio histórico segue, na longa duração, a evolução do multilateralismo, fundamentalmente em sua vertente econômica, e examina a inserção internacional do Brasil, um dos poucos países da periferia a ter participado ativamente da construção da ordem econômica internacional em várias épocas, por meio de sua presença nas mais diversas conferências multilaterais que presidiram ao nascimento dessas organizações intergovernamentais de cooperação.