bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite element analysis on grey cast iron assets: a case study on penstocks in the wastewater system
Authors: Khor WeeLiam , Farrow Jeffrey , Mulheron Mike , Jesson David A
Published: December 2021

Penstocks have been used in the water industry for flow control since the Victorian expansion and consolidation of clean water and wastewater networks. However, the Victorians were the first to use grey cast iron (GCI) castings to manufacture large scale penstocks. Most of these ageing assets are still in operation; however, engineering assessments are necessary to determine a structure’s fitness for service. Even today, penstocks in the sewer system tend to be made from GCI, due to ease of manufacturing, resistance to corrosion and cost. One characteristic property of GCI is the graphite flake structure in the material, contributing to its low toughness, inconsistency in material strength and brittle behaviour, despite exhibiting slight hardening properties. Finite element analysis (FEA) is a numerical method which allows the analysis of complex structures by splitting it into finite parts and solving them with a computer processor. Despite the versatility of FEA, appropriate considerations and assumptions are necessary due to the difficulty to obtain data from inspection and unique material behaviour of GCI. The article shows concerns for an analysis of GCI penstocks using FEA, which extends into the application of fracture mechanics approaches for defect assessments.
ASSESMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC DUST CONTAMINATION WITH GROUND-BASED AND REMOTE SENSING METHODS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TOWN OF TOBOLSK)
Authors:   Tyumen scientific center SB RAS, Tigeev Alexander A. , Aksenov Nikolay V. ,   Tyumen scientific center SB RAS, Moskovchenko Dmitriy V. ,   Tyumen scientific center SB RAS, Pozhitkov Roman Yu. ,   Tyumen scientific center SB RAS
Published: December 2021

Snow cover is an effective accumulator of dust fallout and provides objective information on the level of pollution, but its sampling in large areas takes a long time. The use of remote sensing data (RSD) makes it possible to significantly simplify the assessment of the dust load in the atmosphere. Based on RSD from the town of Tobolsk, we evaluated the information value of various indices used to assess the distribution and properties of snow cover (NDSI, normalized S3 index, and SCI). Data on dust load and physicochemical properties of the snow obtained during sampling and subsequent analysis were compared with the spectral properties of the snow cover. It was determined that the dust load in the town averaged 32,1 mg/m2 per day, which is approximately 8 times higher than the background values. The degree of alkalinization is moderate, an increase in pH and salinity of snowmelt waters is observed. In comparison with other functional zones of the town, no increase in dust fallout was detected in the industrial zone (Tobolsk Petrochemical Plant). The level of dustiness is maximum in the zone of multistory buildings and on the streets with the highest traffic intensity. It was established that spectral indices indicate the amount of solid impurities in snow and the level of alkalinization. A statistically significant correlation was found between the amount of insoluble particles in snow and the S3 index as well as between pH and the SCI index. The paper concludes that these indices can be used to assess the environmental situation in urbanized areas.
AIR TECHNOGENIC POLLUTION OF THE WHITE SEA CATCHMENT MIRES (EXAMPLE OF THE ARKHANGELSK REGION)
Authors:   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research UrB RAS, Tatarintseva Valeria G. , Kotova Ekaterina I. ,   P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology
Published: December 2021

The work investigated the influence of atmosphere circulation processes on the level of Arkhangelsk region mires pollution with heavy metals. The aim of the work was to study long-term patterns of air traffic (data for 20 years, from 2001 to 2020 were analysed) and to compare these data with the main Russian emission sources of heavy metals and the quantity of metals in atmosphere and on the mires surface. There were three objects of study located in Archangelsk region – Ilas bog (Primorskij region), Bol'shoj moh bog (Onezhskij region) and Trofimovskoe bog (Mezenskij region). The inverse trajectory statistics method using the HYSPLIT model was applied to study air mass patterns. Quantitative assessment of pollution was carried out for Pb, Cd, As, Zn, Ni, Cr and Cu based on official data on pollutants emissions into the atmosphere in cities and regions of the Russian Federation. Maximum heavy metal concentrations for the three mires were found to be expected in winter due to the meteorological characteristics of the season. This indicates an increase in anthropogenic pressure on the mires and related watercourses during snowmelt. It was revealed that Cu, Ni and Cr have the highest concentrations in air and surface fluxes and the quantitative distribution of elements varies between the three mires significantly. Murmansk region is the major emission source of Cu and Ni towards our objects of study. The inverse trajectory statistics method can be used both to identify pollution sources and to predict and prevent possible environmental disasters.
VARIATIONS IN THE SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE IN THE SOUTH OF SIBERIA AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE
Authors:   Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Noskova Elena V. , Obyazov Victor A. ,   NPO Gidrotekhproekt LLC, Vahnina Irina L. ,   Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Russia Siberian Dendrochronological Laboratory, Siberian Federal University
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes changes in surface air temperature in the south of Siberia, in 8 regions of the Russian Federation. Based on the geographical and climatic approaches, the study area was divided into four zones. It is shown that interannual changes in air temperature both within the identified zones and between them are consistent, while changes in the series of average monthly air temperatures are not so unambiguous. The calculated values of the linear trends of long-term changes in the mean annual air temperature indicate that, despite its widespread significant increase, in the last decade, a slowdown in the temperature growth has been noted across the territory of southern Siberia. An increase in air temperature is observed in almost all months of the year, with the exception of the winter period, when, according to data from individual meteorological stations, a slight fall in temperature is noted. An assessment of the relationship between air temperature and circulation mechanisms, carried out using correlation analysis, indicates a significant influence of the Scandinavian teleconnection index practically throughout the year in zones related to areas of continental climate. In areas of a sharply continental climate, its influence decreases to some extent, especially in summer, although it remains the leading factor in some months. The ongoing climatic changes cannot but entail both positive and negative socio-economic effects. In this regard, the results of the research should be taken into account when developing mechanisms for adapting the economy to climate change at regional levels.
Solution of Social Problems in the Areas of New Industrial Development of Siberia in the Soviet Period
Authors: Timoshenko Albina
Published: December 2021

The industrial development of Siberia in the Soviet period is in the focus of the present article. The text considers evolution of the state attitudes towards solving social problems during implementation of comprehensive regional programs for areas of new industrial development. The article is based on various sources, including those from archival funds. It shows that the development of that Siberian region was controlled by the state in order to ensure a high degree of industrialization in the country. The article also analyzes the development stages of national and regional policy towards both infrastructural and urban construction related to establishing various territorial and industrial formations. As stated in the text, scientific and design works during the period under study proved the importance and socio-economic efficiency of solving social problems in the territories of industrial construction. Once the development of another industrial new building project started in Siberia, the main attention was paid to the provision of enterprises with personnel, but not to encouraging people to settle in new cities and workers' settlements. The article also examines the problems of developing and implementing strategies for social and cultural development of new industrial cities in Siberia. The text puts an emphasis on the Soviet programs of industrial modernization in the economy and society, which contributed to both the development of industrial production in the Siberian region and the formation of an industrial-urban society based on establishing new urban settlements. The article concludes that, the social problems in new cities and workers' settlements have been tackled with time in spite of all difficulties, as well as the strategies for the cultural development of new industrial cities in Siberia have been finally developed.
European Lightweight Parcels vs. Russian Trade in Persia in the Early 20th Century
Authors: Kornoukhova Gadilya
Published: December 2021

The main issue the article considers is the transit of European goods through the territory of the Russian Empire to Persia in the form of lightweight postal parcels in the beginning of the 20th century. The main objectives of the research include defining the impact of existing practice on the Russian trade in Persia in conditions of high competition between Russian and foreign exporters; finding out how the government representatives and Russian entrepreneurs, sending goods to Middle-East market, saw the existing situation. The author showed that there were some disagreements on transit of European postal parcels to Persia between the government officials and Russian entrepreneurs. Starting from 1905, when the two states joined the international Washington Convention, the disagreements were the most obvious during the first years after the transit launch. Both sides regarded its impact on the Russian trade as negative. However, while government representatives related the situation to inactivity of the Russian merchant class, the latter pointed to existing drawbacks in the operation of transit system. By 1913, the Russian government acknowledged the necessity of limiting the flow of European parcels to Persia, but they did not make up their mind to stop the transit completely for restoring the monopoly of the Russian trade in the north of Persia.
«The Beginning of Glorious Deeds…»: Excerpts from the History of Verhneudinsk and Kyakhta Agencies of the Russian-Chinese Bank from 1898 to 1900
Authors: Kalmina Liliya , Plekhanova Anna , Shirapov Aldar
Published: December 2021

The article considers the history of establishment and initial phase of the activity at Verhneudinsk and Kyakhta Agencies of the Russian-Chinese Bank. After succeeding in reaching economic growth of the Russian Empire in the 1890s the state authorities intensified the efforts in the Asian-Pacific region to find new markets for national industrial products. Strengthening the influence in the countries of Inner Asia the autocracy could also solve another important problem of creating conditions for integration of remote Asian areas into the single economic space of the country. The territory of Western Trans-Baikal region became one of these areas. The Trans-Siberian Railway and branches of biggest Russian banks were used as the main tools for reaching the goal. The Russian-Chinese Bank, founded in 1895 and sponsored by the Russian Imperial Government, played a significant role in this process. The bank’s agencies in Verhneudinsk and Kyakhta, opened in 1898, became the first active credit and finance institutions in the region. In spite of some limitations in their legal status, the institutions managed to conduct successful activity on lending for local commerce and industry. The operation of Verhneudinsk and Kyakhta Agencies of the Russian-Chinese Bank laid the basis for its future leadership in the local financial market.
PREDATORY PRICING: SINGLE- FIRM DOMINANCE, EXCLUSIONARY ABUSE AND PREDATORY PRICES (PART 3)
Authors: Jan Louis Van Tonder
Published: December 2021

Important pronouncements of legal principle were recently made by the Competition Appeal Court and Constitutional Court on the determination of predatory pricing under section 8 of the Competition Act 89 of 1998. These pronouncements must now be seen in the context of the subsequent commencement of the Competition Amendment Act 18 of 2018. In light of these developments, this three-part series of articles evaluate the law relating to the economic concept of predatory pricing under the Competition Act. In this context, the crucial elements of dominance and abuse are also discussed. The first in this series of three articles critically evaluated the law on the determination of single-firm dominance under section 7 of the Competition Act. The second article discussed the basic forms of abuse, the meaning of abuse, tests that have been developed to identify exclusionary conduct, the criticism of the traditional theory of predatory pricing, the main strategic economic theories of predatory pricing and non-pricing theories of predation. This article focuses on the law of predatory prices under section 8(1)(c) and 8(1)(d)(iv) of the Competition Act. Pursuant to section 1(3) of the Competition Act, when interpreting or applying the Competition Act, appropriate foreign and international law may be considered. This is complementary to section 1(2)(a), which directs that the Competition Act must be interpreted in a manner that is consistent with the Constitution and which gives effect to the purposes set out in section 2. In light hereof and where appropriate, the South African position is mainly compared with the position in the European Union and the United States.
VALUE-ADDED TAX IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: A FRESH LOOK AT THE SOUTH AFRICAN DISPENSATION
Authors: Ruddy Kabwe  , SP van Zyl
Published: December 2021

The online purchase of digital goods has the propensity to generate tax liability involving a notable rise in administrative costs for tax authorities. Online transactions involving the supply of digital goods by foreign businesses to South African consumers are subject to Value-Added Tax (“VAT”). Since 2014, the Value-Added Tax Act 89 of 1991 provides for registration and the reverse-charge mechanism as a means to collect VAT on online cross-border trade in digital goods. From 1 April 2019, significant changes to the VAT Act have been implemented regulating VAT on online cross-border trade in digital goods. This article examines these amendments by way of a comparative analysis of similar legislation in Australia and the European Union with the main aim of making recommendations for the adequate and cost-effective collection of VAT on online cross-border trade in digital goods.
SEPARATION OF POWERS, CHECKS AND BALANCES AND JUDICIAL EXERCISE OF SELF- RESTRAINT: AN ANALYSIS OF CASE LAW
Authors: Magabe T Thabo  , Kola O Odeku
Published: December 2021

The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 creates a system in which there is a separation of the powers exercised by the different branches of the State. It also creates a system of checks and balances. The exercise of a power by one arm of state is checked by another to ensure that there is no abuse of state power. Organs of state ought to respect each other and the powers allocated to them by the Constitution. To this end, no organ of state should encroach upon the domain of the other organs. However, the courts wield enormous power because they are the ultimate guardians and custodians of the Constitution in South Africa. Courts have the power to declare any law or conduct unconstitutional. Where decisions have been taken by other arms of the State on matters falling within their exclusive domain and such decisions violate the Constitution, courts have a duty to intervene in order to make organs of state act within constitutional bounds. However, courts should not be overzealous and should not encroach upon the powers of the other arms of the State when exercising their judicial power and authority. Against this backdrop, this article analyses how the South African courts have cautioned themselves to exercise self-restraint in order not to usurp or encroach upon the powers of the other arms of the State while exercising their judicial authority and power.
The concept of «Dictionary of A.V. Koltsov's Poetry»
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Churikov Sergey A. , Kretov Alexey A. ,   Voronezh State University
Published: December 2021

The report contains a brief background to the creation of the Dictionary of A.V. Koltsov’s Poetry, the principles underlying the proposed concept, and a description of the macrostructure and microstructure of the dictionary.
On the prospects of historical phraseology and paremiography
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University, Generalova Elena V.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the overview of the current historical phraseological and paremiologicalle dictionaries is undertaken, as well as the draft of the historical dictionary "Proverbs and sayings as a cultural phenomenon of the language reforms of the Petrine time" in the light of the current tasks of historical phraseography and paremiograph.
Рroject of a terminological dictionary of the customs sphere: corpus approach
Authors:   University of Tyumen, Kantysheva Nadezhda G. , Devjatkova Olga I. ,   University of Tyumen (Tyumen, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2021

The paper deals with general overviews of thematic aspects research within the field of the modern corpus lexicography; difficulties in selecting language material and a wide range of tasks for corpus tools in the process of compiling terminographic resources. The method of constructing a terminological dictionary of the customs sphere within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union is considered.
Corporeal Man: A Dictionary of the Body in Russian Poetry of the Early 20th Century (Based on Materials from the Dictionary of the Language of Russian Poetry of the 20th Century)
Authors:   V.V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of RAS, Gik Anna V.
Published: December 2021

The paper describes the current vocabulary of the body (somatisms) in the poetry of the early 20th centuries.
“Dictionary of Russian mentality” as a new type of lexicographic publication (scientific school of Prof. V.V. Kolesov, Saint Petersburg)
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Donina Lyudmila N. ,   Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the solution to the problems of lexicographic reflection of concepts that characterize the Russian mentality, in the «Dictionary of Russian mentality».
Foreign-language neologism dictionary: genre formation
Authors:   V.V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institut, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nechaeva Iya V.
Published: December 2021

The genre of the dictionary of foreign-language neologisms, reflecting its time, assumes dating of foreign-language occurrences, their selection from the point of view of functioning in the language and normative-stylistic characteristics. Subject to explicit labeling in the dictionary are borrowings themselves, quasi-borrowings, hybrid formations, secondary borrowings, and semantic derivatives.
The project of an ideographic dictionary of the Russian special vocabulary of construction
Authors:   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Trofimova Nadezhda A.
Published: December 2021

The project of an ideographic dictionary of the Russian construction vocabulary is presented. The main principles of dictionary compilation, the thematic groups of lexical units, and the dictionary entry are presented. Lexical units previously unrecorded in the terminological dictionaries and the National Corpus of the Russian Language are analyzed.
Dictionaries of the mass media language as a reflection of dynamic processes in the media sphere
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Nesterova Natalia N. , Fashchanova Svetlana V. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2021

Terminological dictionaries of the mass media language are the object of study in this article. Both educational and scientific media linguistic dictionaries have been studied.
Lexicographic description of language specific words in the light of translation
Authors:   Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shmelev Alexei D.
Published: December 2021

This paper assumes that one may regard translation equivalents and paraphrases of a language-specific word extracted from translated texts as well as stimuli for its occurrence in a translated text as a source of information about its semantics and a tool for refining its lexicographic description.
Associative dictionary as a material for studying the dynamics of linguistic consciousness
Authors:   Saratov State University, Starostina Evgeniya V.
Published: December 2021

This article discusses the possibilities of associative dictionaries as sources for obtaining data on the dynamics of language consciousness. On the basis of the RAD and EVRAD dictionaries, a comparative study of a group of precedent reactions related to the sphere of culture (in particular, to the sphere of painting) is made.
Geographical names and otonymic derivatives: lexicographical aspect
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Mussabekova Ulzhan E.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the issues of lexicographic description of foreign geographical names and otonymic derivatives in Russian. The experience of creating an orthological dictionary-directory of geographical names of Kazakhstan and their derivatives is also described.
Applied aspects of dialectal lexicography
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Demeshkina Tatiana A.
Published: December 2021

The experience of introducing the results of lexicographic research into the educational process is considered. The lexicographic module presented in the massive online course "New Directions in Dialectology" is analyzed. Based on the material of Tomsk dictionaries characterizing Siberia as a transboundary region, theoretical and practical issues are highlighted. The module contains lectures, tasks and questions, tests, a glossary, a list of references, guidelines.
Dictionary of regional proper names: its typological peculiarity
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Arzamas branch campus, Klimkova Lyudmila A.
Published: December 2021

The author discusses the peculiarity of the regional proper names dictionary, its typological features, including its complex and polyphonic character. The article emphasizes the role of the illustrative part of the dictionary in reflecting the views of the world and linguistic personae – individual and collective ones. It presents the idea of cumulativeness and enduring value of dictionaries.
Čovjek, ali najbolji. Tri studije o antihumanizmu i jedan postskriptum
Authors: Mikulić Borislav
Published: December 2021

Tri studije ove knjige nastale su u jedinstvenom nizu kao učinci razrada pojedinih motiva istraživačkog rada o problematici antihumanizma 20. stoljeća, njegovih filozofskih pretpostavki i suvremenih posljedica u različitim područjima humanističkih, društvenih i bio-tehničkih znanosti pod skupnim naslovom “posthumanizam”. Prvotno zamišljen kao prilog o posthumanizmu u suvremenoj humanistici za 4. okrugli stol Odsjeka za filozofiju od 2.-3. 11. 2018., posvećen nasljeđu 1968., rad je već u pripremi višestruko prerastao zamišljene okvire i počeo se širiti u smjeru drugih disciplinâ, osobito filologije i kulturne povijesti, što je u hodu nametnulo i obavezu daljnjeg produbljivanja argumenata i dokumentiranja. Na kraju, pojedini su motivi postali tako opsežni da su ocrtavali zasebne tematske cjeline koje sam odlučio još dosljednije razraditi i razviti u samostalne rasprave.
Trabajadoras sexuales y relaciones de poder en el ámbito de la prostitución
Authors: Del Olmo Morales Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2021

Se da por hecho, bajo una concepción victimista, que las relaciones sociales que establecen las trabajadoras sexuales siempre son asimétricas e impuestas por los demás actores que intervienen en la prostitución. Sin embargo, las relaciones de poder que se establecen en el ámbito de la prostitución funcionan como en cualquier otro ámbito social. Las trabajadoras sexuales diseñan y llevan a cabo todo tipo de estrategias y resistencias para obtener el mayor beneficio en las relaciones de poder que establecen con sus clientes. La seducción, la selección y la elección de los clientes, junto a la experiencia y el saber acumulado, empodera a las trabajadoras sexuales para la negociación y la consecución de sus objetivos, conformando una imagen que pone de manifiesto que las trabajadoras sexuales tienen mucho más poder del que se les atribuye.
Etnológica y etnomatemática
Authors: Morales Inga Sergio
Published: December 2021

El vínculo entre antropología y ciencias sociales y naturales es conocido, no obstante, ¿qué sabemos de su relación con las ciencias formales? El presente ensayo explora algunos capítulos del vínculo entre antropología, lógica y matemática. Primero, se discuten el pensamiento mágico de Frazer, las clasificaciones primitivas de Durkheim y Mauss, la mentalidad prelógica de Lévy-Bruhl, la lógica de la brujería zande, la etnografía de Hutchins sobre la inferencia trobriand, la etnológica de Hamill y la lógica primitiva trivalente de Cooper. Segundo, se analizan la numeración en la mentalidad prelógica de Lévy-Bruhl, la etnomatemática de D’Ambrosio, los lenguajes anuméricos de Everett y el impacto en la filosofía de la matemática. Asimismo, se brinda una hipótesis evolucionista que comprenda las etnológicas y etnomatemáticas. La finalidad es demostrar que la antropología es capaz de estudiar objetos formales gracias a su interacción con las ciencias formales.
Disputa por la autenticidad en los procesos de construcción de identidades indígenas contemporáneas en Argentina
Authors: Gómez Mariana Daniela , Trentini Florencia
Published: December 2021

El presente trabajo se propone abordar procesos de construcción de identidades indígenas contemporáneas en Argentina, en relación con políticas de reconocimiento estatal que ponen en cuestión la autenticidad/inautenticidad de estos procesos. Buscamos problematizar, a partir de observaciones etnográficas y del seguimiento de casos que tuvieron una alta visibilidad en los medios, las categorías de “comunidad indígena” y “mujer indígena”, mostrando cómo el uso cristalizado de las mismas invisibiliza los procesos de construcción de hegemonía y las históricas relaciones de poder y desigualdad en las que se encuentran los sujetos y colectivos que adscriben a estas categorías. El interés del trabajo reside en problematizar la construcción de estas categorías en relación al concepto de “esencialismo estratégico”, identificando los diacríticos esenciales que las comunidades y mujeres indígenas remarcan mientras reconstruyen y revalorizan su identidad y su cultura, en el marco de estructuras políticas específicas en las que es necesario encajar para ser reconocido y legitimado. No obstante, como veremos, tanto las comunidades como las mujeres resisten, negocian y hasta impugnan estos modelos establecidos, reconfigurando los límites y posibilidades de su acción política y la propia definición de “lo indígena”.
Indios en El Paraíso. Un grupo étnico olvidado de Honduras
Authors: Mena Cabezas Ignacio , Flores Mejía Lazaro
Published: December 2021

En las últimas décadas del siglo XX la movilización indígena y social obligó al reconocimiento oficial de nueve grupos étnicos autóctonos y afrodescendientes en Honduras. Sin embargo, los indios matagalpas del departamento de El Paraíso siguen siendo negados e invisibles para el Estado y parte de la sociedad civil mestiza. Nuestra investigación reconstruye el contexto histórico del olvido y ofrece una caracterización antropológica de su identidad cultural y del proceso de movilización étnica emprendida recientemente por estos indios centroamericanos.
Punto de partida
Authors: Rivera Martínez Angela
Published: December 2021

Este artículo refleja el punto inicial de mi tesis de maestría, sobre las maneras en las cuales la era hiperdigital ha permeado nuestras vidas y cómo es imposible comprenderlo como algo indisociado a la producción de representaciones culturales y de fenómenos sociales sobre/con/del cuerpo. Aquí está, paso a paso, cómo desarrollé la investigación, combinando técnicas y estudiando, en la medida de lo posible, las distintas escuelas de metodologías digitales para una exploración singular del campo de estudio. De dicho modo, planteo y describo mi metodología y sus procedimientos: herramientas como lo que denomino el “vagabundeo digital”, la realización de entrevistas focalizadas, la etnografía online y offline, entre otros procesos.
globalización puertas adentro
Authors: Clas Claudia , Kataishi Rodrigo
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo analiza las implicancias de la Pandemia del Covid-19 a nivel territorial. En particular, aborda el caso de la Provincia de Tierra del Fuego para destacar diferentes manifestaciones de la crisis, poniendo en discusión la interacción entre la dimensión global, la territorial y la individual de este fenómeno. El eje de las reflexiones finales se centra en discutir nuevos desafíos para el Estado, en particular para los niveles provinciales y municipales.
Use of ultrasound examination in evaluation of the size and advancement of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors to the neighboring anatomical structures
Authors: Allakhverdiyeva G. F. , Mudunov A. M. , Zeynalova P. A. , Danzanova T. Yu. , Batsev A. F.
Published: December 2021

The study objectiveis to establish the capabilities of ultrasound (US) examination in evaluation of the advancement of squamous-cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx compared to histological examination and other diagnostic methods.Materials and methods.US examination was performed in 86 patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx. The study included 14 (16.3 %) patients with stage I disease, 29 (33.7 %) patients with stage II, 19 (22.1 %) patients with stage III and 24 (27.9 %) patients with stage IV. Patients with primary tumors of the larynx and hypopharynx comprised 75.6 % of the study population, patients with recurrent tumors – 24.4 %. During diagnosis advancement of tumors to the anatomical structures in the laryngeal space and beyond was evaluated. In all cases histological verification of the diagnosis was performed. Comparison of the data on advancement of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors from different diagnostic methods with the results of histological examination depending on the T-category (TNM) was performed.Results.For small tumors (Т1), frequency of agreement between advancement of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors measured by US examination and histological examination was 66.7 %, by endoscopic laryngoscopy (ELS) – 80.0 %; for T2 tumors, results of US examination and ELS were identical, frequency of agreement with histological examination data was 87.2 % for both methods; for T3 tumors, US examination data agreed with histological examination data in 83.3 % of cases, ELS data – in 75.0 %; for T4 tumors, frequency of agreement between US examination and histological examination data was only 44.4 %, between ELS and histological examination – 66.7 %. Therefore, US examination was more accurate for evaluation of advancement of T2 and T3 tumors. Results of evaluation of advancement of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors by US examination, computed tomography and magnetic resonance tomography were close, comparable and weren’t statistically different. For T1 and T2 tumors frequency of agreement between the results of histological examination and US examination data was higher than between the results of histological examination and computed tomography data.Conclusions.High accuracy and value of US examination in evaluation of advancement of primary and recurrent tumors of the larynx and hypopharynx were shown.
Experimental and numerical analysis of weir structures in open channel flows
Authors: ULU Ali Emre , AYDIN Mehmet Cihan , ÖNEN Fevzi
Published: December 2021

Weirs are important water structures used to hold water in dams and canals and to safely transfer water from upstream to downstream. Due to these features, these structures, which have been used for years, have many different designs. In this study, a rectangular labyrinth weir and an inclined-bed rectangular weir were studied experimentally and numerically. The weir geometries used in the experiment were produced in a 3D printer and transferred to the numerical simulation with the same dimensions. The discharge and discharge coefficients corresponding to five different upstream heights obtained from the experiment and numerical simulation were obtained and the data were compared.
LINGUODIDACTIC ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION IN COMMUNICATIVE EDUCATION
Authors: Liubashenko Olesia , Sukhenko Olena
Published: December 2021

Background: The necessity to define the role and conceptual framework of evaluation and assessment in a pedagogical discourse has gained importance in the context of the on-going educational reform in Ukraine. This urges national educa­tionalists to explore the formative assessment and evaluation in secondary school from the standpoint of the strategic and communicative approaches.

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to discuss the necessity and effectiveness of implementing the strategy of formative assessment and evaluation as a teaching-learning model based on English communication and suggest some methods and techniques of evaluation and assessment which will be tested empirically in the next phase of our research.

Discussion: Assessment and evaluation are very challenging issues, since they require advanced skills of choosing the tasks, writing instructions and developing proper evaluation criteria. Only valid tasks can become an effective mechanism to put communication between a student and a teacher into effect. At school, there are two main types of assessment: formative and summative. According to the regulations of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, teachers are required to execute summative assessment twice a year through a direct test which assesses actual skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking). The assessment procedure – that mainly responds to accountability interests – relies on standardized evaluation criteria, and the results of assessment include information on a full range of tasks and activities completed. However, there are no specific criteria for formative assessment activities which aim at making judgement about the process of learning instead of its result.

Results: The literature overview has enabled the authors to come up with the conclusion that only formative assessment and evaluation carried out on a frequent basis could be utilised as a communicative tool between a student and a teacher. The authors also claim that verbal assessment proved an effective technique of assessment for learning in the context of second­ary school education.
TEXTUAL COMPETENCE IN L2 TRANSLATION: THE PROBLEM OF DEFINING
Authors: Kavytska Tamara
Published: December 2021

Background: Developing competence in translation into a foreign language (L2) has been a controversial issue in the translation pedagogy until recently. Even though several researchers have given insight into the construct of L2 translation competence, there are no investigations that purposefully focus on the structure of textual competence (TC) in L2 translation. Thus, the research idea behind this study lies in the necessity to specify the componential structure of TC in L2 translation that stems from the text-centered nature of translation and a practical imperative to prioritize it in translation training.

Purpose: The objective of the article is to reconsider the definition of Textual competence in L2 translation and specify its componential structure with a view to testing it empirically. The article also aims at revealing a specific skill or ability which distinguishes TC in L2 from TC in L1 translation.

Discussion: Conceptually, the investigation relies on PACTE’s approach towards modeling a Translator competence. The modeling procedure is carried out with a pedagogical purpose in the context of L2 translation training. The research framework of the study utilizes the following steps: 1) selecting the available models of Translator competence and educational translator training standards for the analysis; 2) analyzing the selected objects; 3) specifying the model of TC in L2 translation by identifying its components.

In the process of modeling TC, a specific L2 translation skill – editing the source text (ST) in case of necessity – was revealed. The skill which distinguishes TC in L2 from TC in L1 translation was identified based on the author’s personal expe­rience in L2 translation and interviews with the translators who are engaged in Ukrainian-English translation on a regular basis.

Results: The study presented in the article has enabled defining TC as a system of underlying knowledge about text and text creation norms in two languages as well as skills and abilities to create various types of target texts that culturally fit into the target language norms. The componential structure of TC in L2 translation has been specified. The TC model is viewed as a three-dimensional construct that involves contrastive textual knowledge, skills and abilities of text creation and the capacity to choose and make use of proper external resources in the process of translation.
Osteopoikilosis in the ribs, pelvic region and spine: a case report
Authors: Paparella Maria Teresa , Gangai Ilaria , Porro Chiara , Eusebi Laura , Silveri Ferdinando , Cammarota Aldo , Guglielmi Giuseppe
Published: December 2021

Osteopoikilosis is a rare inherited benign bone dysplasia incidentally found on radiological exams. It is characterized by a specific radiological pattern: diffuse, round or oval, symmetrically shaped sclerotic bone areas distributed throughout the skeleton. It is essential to do a correct diagnosis because these lesions could be easily confused with bone metastasis.
We reported a case of an osteopoikilosis patient presenting to our clinic with transient loss of consciousness and without any numbness, tingling and weakness in the legs or other parts of the body. The computed tomography scan showed multiple small sclerotic foci bone islands, scattered throughout the thoracic and lumbar spine, ribs, pelvic bone, sacrum and bilateral proximal femur. No significant increase in the activity was detected in technetium-99m whole-body bone scintigraphy. The patient was diagnosed with characteristic radiological findings of osteopoikilosis and was followed up.
Perforated Meckel’s diverticulum in a young male patient: a case report
Authors: Tupputi Umberto , Carpagnano Francesca Anna , Carpentiere Rossella , Guglielmi Giuseppe
Published: December 2021

The case of a 26-year-old male patient with perforation of Meckels diverticulum, a rare complication of the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, is reported in this article. This congenital condition can remain asymptomatic for a long time, and it can get complicated with diverticulitis, enteroliths, neoplasms, and rarely perforation, as in this case.
A preoperative radiological assessment is of fundamental importance for proper diagnostic and therapeutic management of the patient. In this article, we present the typical tomographic imaging features of this infrequent complication to assist radiologists in detecting it.
A Stochastic Model for Simulating Vertical Pulseless Near-Fault Seismic Ground Motions
Authors: Cui Xi Zhong , Liu Yong Xu , Hong Han Ping
Published: December 2021

The vertical near-fault seismic ground-motion component can cause significant structural deformation and damage, which can be evaluated from time history analysis using actual or synthetic ground-motion records. In this study, we propose a new stochastic model for the vertical pulseless near-fault ground motions that depends on earthquake magnitude, rupture distance, and site condition. The proposed model is developed based on the time–frequency characteristics of 606 selected actual vertical record components in strike-slip earthquakes. The use and validation of the model are presented using simulated records obtained by two simulation techniques. For the validation, the statistics of time–frequency-dependent power spectral acceleration estimated from the simulated records using the proposed stochastic model are compared with those from the actual records and the ground-motion models available in the literature.
A COMPLEX CONCEPTION OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF ORGANISATIONS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Authors:   TU Liberec, Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, MTI, Liberec, Czech Republic, PELANTOVA VERA , KOLAR DOMINIK ,   TU Liberec, Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, MTI, Liberec, Czech Republic
Published: December 2021

The difficult situation is affecting many organisations at the present time. This article mainly deals with ensuring of the quality of production on the example of a case study in one manufacturing organisation. However, it is about involving other aspects, such as: maintenance, social responsibility, process approach. Everything is based on specific findings related to the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Quality management tools and responsibility tools were applied in solving this complex task. The example of the mentioned organisation shows that the conformity application of aspects of the management system above in a holistic connection to soft resources not only supports the strengthening of production quality and the growth of efficiency, but it also strengthens an internal culture of the organisation. The goal is to ensure an efficient operation of the organisation and thus to support its competitiveness.
CONTROLLED TESTING OF BELT TRANSMISSIONS AT DIFFERENT LOADS
Authors:   Department of Technological System Design, Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies with a seat in Presov, Technical Universtity of Kosice, Presov, Slovak republic, MASCENIK JOZEF , PAVLENKO SLAVKO ,   Department of Technological System Design, Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies with a seat in Presov, Technical Universtity of Kosice, Presov, Slovak republic
Published: December 2021

The presented paper provides the alternative options for determining the condition of belt gear based on the testing and monitoring. In order to carry out experimental measurements, a newly developed device for testing, monitoring and diagnostics of belt drives was designed, as well as the possibility of determination of limit states by extreme loads. The designed measuring stand allows to determine the point of destruction of the belt for an extreme load. The process of the belt measurement was to set the predetermined input revolutions of the driving motor by means of the Altivar 71 (FM1) frequency inverter connected to the driving electric motor. The next step in defining the input parameters was to set the load on the driven electric motor. The load on the driven motor was achieved by the torsional moment set by means of the Altivar 71 (FM2) frequency inverter connected to the driven electric motor. In the paper, the analytical calculation is processed. The article mainly points to the innovation of the stand for testing belt transmissions.
THE COMBUSTION ENGINE INTAKE MANIFOLD CFD MODELING DEPENDING ON THE AIRBOX CONFIGURATION
Authors:   Institute of Transport, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic, RICHTAR MICHAL , MUCKOVA PETRA ,   Institute of Transport, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic, FAMFULIK JAN ,   Institute of Transport, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic, SMIRAUS JAKUB ,   Institute of Transport, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
Published: December 2021

The aim of the article is to present the possibilities of application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to modelling of air flow in combustion engine intake manifold depending on airbox configuration. The non-stationary flow occurs in internal combustion engines. This is a specific type of flow characterized by the fact that the variables depend not only on the position but also on the time. The intake manifold dimension and geometry strongly effects intake air amount. The basic target goal is to investigate how the intake trumpet position in the airbox impacts the filling of the combustion chamber. Furthermore, the effect of different distances between the trumpet neck and the airbox wall in this paper will be compared.
El Mundo del Trabajo Decente y la Agenda 2030 de la ONU: Estándares Internacionales en Colombia
Authors: Ostau De Lafont De León Francisco Rafael , Otálora Cortés Rosalvina , Niño Chavarro Ángela
Published: December 2021

El presente escrito es resultado final de proyecto de investigación. El estudio se realiza en el contexto de los convenios 87 y 98 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), cuyo eje problémico fue el de determinar cuál es el nivel de cumplimiento de los estándares internacionales del trabajo en el contexto laboral colombiano. Con el objetivo de establecer los estándares internacionales en materia laboral, proveniente de las diferentes instituciones internacionales, se plantean conclusiones acerca del impacto que han generado en el mundo del trabajo en  Colombia, principalmente sobre los conceptos que definen el trabajo decente contenido en los convenios de la OIT y en la agenda de desarrollo 2030.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE MICHAEL LÖWY PARA UMA SOCIOLOGIA MARXISTA DA RELIGIÃO
Authors: Toledo Joilson De Souza
Published: December 2021

É tarefa das Ciências da Religião enquanto saber científico construir um arcabouço teórico que balize suas pesquisas. No campo da sociologia da religião, um dos pensadores que abrem matrizes para análise é Karl Marx. Seu referencial teórico baliza uma série de pesadores posteriores. O presente artigo intenta apresentar uma leitura da obra de Marx bem expressiva entre os investigadores que têm por base ou dialogam com a sociologia da religião: Michael Löwy. A partir de um curso proferido pelo autor na USP e de um vídeo do lançamento do livro O que é o Cristianismo da Libertação apresenta elementos para contextualizar a obra de Marx. Traz a controvérsia apresentada por Löwy sobre a religião enquanto ópio do povo. Apresenta o que para Löwy seriam elementos da crítica marxista da religião e por fim o que o autor apresenta como caminho para a investigação da religião no continente Latino Americano.