bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspiracje i plany edukacyjne uczniów szkół średnich jako emancypacyjny sukces szkoły
Authors:   Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Uniewska Agnieszka , Zientarski Mirosław ,   Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
Published: January 2024

Aspiration and educational plans constitute one of the most essential components of the process of planning the future. The school, on account of its individual and social meaning, can and should be place and time of the knowledge acquisition, the ability and competence, but of also creating educational situations supporting waking for aspiration and building the courage in conceiving educational plans. Enabling every pupil not only to get the formally authenticated education is an educational success in the emancipation dimension (and hence of getting the pass to higher levels of the education), but also of purchasing and developing convincing about the need the constant work on oneself, abilities needed for overcoming internal restrictions and outside, brave defining and creating oneself and of one’s surroundings. They are these are also tasks which result from basic functions according to Zbigniew Kwieciński’s the school is fulfilling which in the society: reconstruction, adaptive and emancipation. There was analysis of aspiration and educational plans of pupils of secondary schools in order to write the present text (of secondary schools and technicians) in the context of the emancipation dimension of the success of the school. Theoretical and empirical analysis lets for expressing the following conclusions: 1. The majority of the examined young stock is declaring the intention of taking the further learning on completion of secondary school, however in this group deciding more is of disciples of secondary schools than technicians. 2. Young people, standing on the threshold of the maturity and the independent living are dominated so to speak with feeling the objectivity, not whereas subjectivities, of what a tendency dominating among them of seeking of sources the practical success in extrinsic factors is resulting, not whereas in the own knowledge, competence or abilities. 3. They are demonstrating rather a tendency of the full conversion to found reality, than protesting her in any scope and extending beyond dominating outlines of conventional interpretation of reality. In the process it is hard to talk about the success of schools provided with the examination in the emancipation dimension.
Ethos e produção de subjetividade no “Mundo dos depressivos”: uma análise institucional de discurso
Authors: Lima Marco Aurélio de
Published: January 2024

O presente artigo se debruça sobre o corpus encontrado no blog “Mundo dos depressivos”, em que seu criador apresenta um olhar sobre como é ser um indivíduo deprimido. O objetivo é o de delimitar os contornos de subjetividade que se produzem ali. Este trabalho foi construído a partir da perspectiva da Análise Institucional do Discurso. A estratégia de pensamento, motriz de todo trabalho, organiza-se em torno de conceitos como discurso, cena discursiva, efeitos de reconhecimento e desconhecimento e ethos. Por meio da construção de cenas de antagonismo entre o indivíduo com depressão e a sociedade, o enunciador do blog configura um ethos não como prostração ou abatimento, como se poderia esperar, mas como um lugar de potência e resistência.
THEMATIC RELATIONS: A STUDY ON CONCEPTUAL COMPOSITION IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
Authors: Peres Mayda Rangel Gomes , Soto Marije
Published: January 2024

This study explores the processing of noun-prep-noun combinations in prepositional phrases in Brazilian Portuguese, focusing on the syntactic-semantic relationship marked by prepositions, implies the semantic sense in which the noun is being modified. We chose to contrast particularly two types of thematic relationships like 'made of' and 'made for’, categorized as: material and function  (e.g. ‘toalha de crochê’, crocheted cloth vs. agulha de crochê, crochet needle). To do so, we conducted two psycholinguistic experiments: Experiment 1 consisted of a self-paced reading/picture matching task to investigate the impact of semantic relationship on processing time; and Experiment 2 employed a cloze task (e.g. ‘toalha de ______’) and Likert scale likelihood judgments to norm the stimuli and assess cognitive preferences for the types of relation explored (i.e., material or function). Our results revealed slower reading times for the function type relation, suggesting a higher processing demand,  possibly due to covert semantic computations required for this relation. Cloze completions and likelihood ratings also indicated a cognitive preference for this type of relationship. We attribute these observed patterns to the robust syntactic-semantic relationship inherent to functional type relations, coupled with a broader range of potential response options. In contrast, material type relations demonstrated a higher level of convergence among participants for cloze responses, likely due to more restricted response options and, consequently, increased probability. Future EEG studies are proposed to identify specific moments in the cognitive processing of the constituents of these structures and assess possible anticipatory effects of prepositional phrase modifiers. These discoveries make a meaningful contribution to the broader literature on language processing, aligning with analogous patterns observed in different languages with a cognitive distinction between thematic relations and feature-based (i.e., telic and constitutive relations), such as in Wisniewsky & Love, 1998; Estes et al., 2003, 2011; Pustejovsky et al., 2016; Flick et al., 2021.
INFLUÊNCIA DOS ANESTÉSICOS LOCAIS NA INFLAMAÇÃO, NEOVASCULARIZAÇÃO E DEPOSIÇÃO DE COLÁGENO NA CICATRIZAÇÃO DE FERIDAS
Authors: Carstens Márcio Grande , Ribas Filho Jurandir Marcondes , Franck Claudio Luciano , Czeczko Nicolau Gregori , Sigwalt Marcos Fabiano , Tabushi Fernando Issamu
Published: January 2024

Introdução: Avaliar as diferenças cicatriciais entre áreas previamente anestesiadas com diferentes anestésicos locais é interessante para verificar se a escolha do anestésico auxilia na cicatrização cirúrgica em relação à inflamação, neovascularização e deposição de colágeno. Objetivos: Analisar a influência da ropivacaína e levobupivacaína na fase inflamatória da cicatrização de incisões cirúrgicas. Método: Trinta ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em 3 grupos para avaliar os efeitos desses anestésicos locais em comparação entre si e com grupo controle. Os animais foram submetidos à anestesia geral e, posteriormente, marcados para a administração das soluções e terem excisadas suas amostras após 5 dias. Estudou-se a área cicatricial, neovascularização e deposição de colágenos. Resultados: Em relação à inflamação e neovascularização, não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos., todos apresentando níveis acentuados. Quanto à deposição de colágenos, este grupo demonstrou níveis significativamente mais altos de colágenos tipo I, II e III quando comparados aos grupos C e R. Conclusões: Não se observou diferenças entre os grupos em relação à variação das medidas cicatriciais, inflamação e à neovascularização. Entretanto, verificou-se sim diferença significativa na produção de colágenos com intensidade de 6 a 12 vezes maior de colágenos tipos I, II e III com o uso da levobupivacaína.
Insights on Strain-Substrate Interactions and Antioxidant and Anti-Bacterial Properties of the Velvet Foot Medicinal Mushroom Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes)
Authors: Kumar Rajnish , Gupta Dharmesh , Barh Anupam , Nath Manoj , Sharma Ved Parkash , Rana Neerja , Sharma Pawan Kumar , Bhardwaj Chidembra
Published: January 2024

To study the best substrate for the Indian subcontinent, four different substrates (sawdust + wheat bran, wheat straw + wheat bran + corn cobs, sawdust + corn cobs and wheat straw + wheat bran) were screened for six different Flammulina velutipes strains. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties were studied for these strains. In study it was found that the strain DMRX-767 and DMRX-768 were the most promising for yield and biological efficiency in all substrates and wheat straw + wheat bran being the best with respect to BE. To corroborate the findings, the best strain and best substrate trails were repeated. DMRX-767 and DMRX-768 were the most promising for yield and biological efficiency in all substrates, with wheat straw+wheat bran were again found the best. The methanolic extract of strain DMRX-166 showed highest antibacterial properties as highest inhibition is found for Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas syringae. However, DMRO-253 inhibited Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas campestris. DMRX-768 has the best scavenging ability followed by DMRO-253.
Selecting the appropriate speed for rotational elements in human-machine interfaces: A quantitative study
Authors: Tong Mu , Chen Shanguang , Zhang Yu , Xue Chengqi
Published: January 2024

The motion of rotation, which served as a dynamic symbol within human-computer interfaces, has garnered extensive attention in interface and graphic design. This study aimed to establish speed benchmarks for interface design by exploring visual system preferences for the perception of both simple and complex rotating icons within the velocity range of 5-1800 degrees per second. The research conducted two experiments with 12 participants to examine the observers’ just noticeable difference in speed (JNDS) and perceived speed for rotational icons. Experiment one measured the JNDS over eight-speed levels using a constant stimulus method, achieving a range of 14.9-29%. Building on this, experiment two proposed a sequence of speeds within the given range and used a rating scale method to assess observers ' subjective perception of the speed series' rapidity. The findings indicated that speed increases impacted the ability to differentiate between speeds; key points for categorizing low, medium, and high speeds were identified at 10, 180, and 720 degrees/s, respectively. Shape complexity was found to modulate the visual system's perception of actual speed, such that at rotation speeds above 180 degrees/s, complex icons appeared to rotate faster than simpler ones. Most importantly, the study applied quantitative methods and metrology to interface design, offering a more scientific approach to the design workflow.
THE MOST SIGNIFICANT FEATURES OF INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN HIGHER SCHOOL
Authors:   Kyrgyz State University named after Ishenaly Arabaev, Abdyrakhmanov Tolobek , Kadyrkulov Kylych ,   Kyrgyz State University named after Ishenaly Arabaev
Published: January 2024

Having determined the place of pedagogical technology in the hierarchy of concepts, it is necessary to clarify its semantic meaning, which is as follows: firstly, in the features of translating the teacher's idea into the language of the preliminary design of the pedagogical process; secondly, the main points in the project are the structure and content of the educational and cognitive activity of the student, and not the pedagogical influence of the teacher; thirdly, the construction of the teacher's activity is carried out in certain integrity and sequence, and the implementation involves the achievement of the desired result and is predictable. In many senses of the interpretation of the concept of innovation and in the definition of different levels of novelty. It is emphasized that the new can be used in the first place or in synthesis even with something already known.
METHODOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE TEXT
Authors:   Osh State University, Karazakova Zuvaida , Karaeva Nazira ,   Osh State University, Bekmuratova Rahat ,   Osh State University
Published: January 2024

The text has been widely studied linguistically not only in general linguistics, but also in Kyrgyz linguistics, a number of theoretical and practical issues have been resolved. One of the main requirements is to improve its practical aspect in teaching. After all, texts can form a theoretical basis for the formation of all the competencies of students (students, pupils) and in teaching and learning a language, the text is the main means, and communication is necessarily carried out through texts. In an article about research and knowledge of the language and texts of the Kyrgyz people developed orally, mentioned by scientists I. Arabaev, E. Maanaev, A. Osmonkulov, K. Sartbaev, K. Tynystanov, S. Namatov, S. Davletov, Zh. Chimanova, M. Eshieva, Z. Tagaeva conducted a scientific analysis. The relevance of the valuable proposals of these scientists on theoretical and practical issues of teaching related speech and text today is noted and it is proposed to use them in the educational process and research.
Kaynaklar Işığında Eleştirel Bir Biyografi Denemesi: Çaka Bey
Authors: AKYOL Hasan
Published: January 2024

Anadolu’nun Türkleşmesi sürecinde ön plana çıkan bazı şahsiyetler bulunmaktadır. Özellikle Batı Anadolu’nun Türkleşmesi ve İslâmlaşması hususunda ön plana çıkan en önemli şahsiyetlerden biri muhakkak ki Çaka Bey’dir. Önemli bir Türk fatihi olarak temayüz eden Çaka Bey’in adı, kökeni, siyasî-askerî faaliyetleri ve ölümü gibi hayatının neredeyse bütün aşamalarına bir bilinmezlik hâkimdir. Bu durum, kaynakların Çaka Bey hakkında bilgi vermemesi, kısmî bilgi sunması ya da olayları yanlı kaydetmelerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Onun hayatına dair kayıtlar içeren başlıca kaynaklar Dânişmend-nâme, Alexiad ve Zonaras’ın Tarihlerin Özeti adıyla Türkçeye tercüme edilen kroniğidir. Bu eserlerde bulunan kayıtlar arasındaki boşluklar, çağdaş araştırmacılar tarafından yorumlarla doldurulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu durum, Çaka Bey’in biyografisi hususunu sübjektif hale getirmektedir. Çalışmamızda Çaka Bey’in biyografisi kaynaklar ışığında yazılırken, kaynaklardaki verilerin değerlendirmesi yapılacak ve Çaka Bey dönemi olayları eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla yeniden incelenecektir. (Dânişmend-nâme’de) Çavuldur Çaka ya da Çaka olarak anılan Türk Beyinin Çaka Bey olması ihtimali, Çaka Bey’in Bizans sarayından kaçma sebebi, onun asıl hedefi, siyasî-askerî faaliyetleri, Peçeneklerle ittifakı, ölümü…vb. gibi hususlar, kaynaklar ışığında yeniden değerlendirilecektir.
CLUSTERING IN THE ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS AT VARIOUS STAGES OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF PIPELINE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
Authors: Chizhevskaya E. L. , Obukhova A. M. , Zemenkova M. Yu. , Zemenkov Yu. D.
Published: January 2024

The work is devoted to the development of methodology for cluster analysis of indicators of the state of pipeline transport systems, taking into account the characteristics of technical systems and potential threats to management decision-making at various stages of the life cycle of a hazardous production facility for pipeline transport of oil and gas. The proposed methodology is based on the use of artificial intelligence and digitalization for the collection and analysis of databases. The possibilities of modern application software systems for performing cluster analysis and identifying potentially dangerous sections of the pipeline using 3D models are presented and analyzed.
DEPENDENCE OF THE BENDING RADII OF MAIN GAS PIPELINES LINEAR PART ON THE STRENGTH GROUP OF PIPE STEEL
Authors: Usmanov R. R. , Chuchkalov M. V. , Yarovoy A. V. , Islamov I. M. , Askarov G. R. , Askarov R. M. , Kitaev S. V.
Published: January 2024

The reliability of operation of the linear part of the main gas pipelines is ensured by compliance with the design, and therefore regulatory requirements for the stress-strain state.

In relation to the bending radii of the linear part of the main gas pipelines measured by means of in-line technical diagnostics, Standard technical specification for carrying out in-line diagnostics at the facilities of the linear part of the Gazprom gas pipelines with a distribution according to the degree of danger, categories: «A», «B» and «C» has been developed. Its fundamental difference from the Standart SP 86, with a limit on bending radii of 1000D or more, it is allowed to operate main gas pipelines with bending radii of 500D, category «C» (until the results of the next in-line diagnostics), and is not extremely unacceptable, category «A» 250D or less. However, it extends it to all pipe steels.

Earlier studies have proved that in areas with bending radii less than 1000D, the longitudinal stresses are close in magnitude to the bending ones, which allows, according to the magnitude of the radii measured by in-line diagnostics, to evaluate the longitudinal stresses.

Using the examples of main gas pipelines, the analysis of gas transport modes was carried out, which means that the average monthly gas pressure is relatively stable, and temperature stresses vary in both directions, with maximum bursts up to +15 °C.

It is proposed, methodically, to evaluate longitudinal stresses in areas with bending radii less than 1000D, to use the formula of bending stresses Standart SP36 a, as short-term loads, to take into account stresses from temperature drop casts.

In accordance with the proposed methodology, it is confirmed that the bending radius 500D provides in-line diagnostics of main gas pipelines in accordance with the criteria Standart SP36 for K60 and K52 pipe steels, and the bending radius 250D for K60 pipe steel. With regard to K52 pipe steel, it is recommended to clarify r = 333D (304 MPa), instead of r = 250D (412 MPa).
Életvezetési készségek fejlesztése: a SUPREM-program
Authors: Hégető Katalin
Published: January 2024

The study focuses on the necessity and the opportunities to develop general life skills related to teenagers' career choices and coping with everyday challenges. The aim is to present the intellectual outputs developed in the framework of the international education development project Successful Preparation Model for Schools (SUPREM), supported by Erasmus+. In this way, it wants to contribute to supporting teachers, parents and students in public education in the period of career choice, in making successful decisions, in choosing pathways to further education according to individual abilities, and in encouraging active involvement in the lifelong learning process.
THE POSSIBILITY OF USING TRICHLOROACETIC ACID FOR ACETOLYSIS OF POLLEN GRAINS IN MELISSOPALYNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Kamchatka Branch of the Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (KamchatNIRO), Goncharov B.I. , Lebedko M.V. ,   Kamchatka Branch of the Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (KamchatNIRO)
Published: January 2024

The possibility of using trichloroacetic acid instead of the classical mixture of acetic anhydride with sulfuric acid for acetolysis of pollen grains in the melissopalynological analysis of honey is demonstrated. This substance in comparison with other derivatives of acetic acid allows holding the sample in a boiling water bath that improves the result of acetolysis of pollen grains. The possibility of using various solvents for transferring acetolyzed pollen grains to glass slides for further microscopy was also investigated. The optimal reagents and parameters for this analysis were studied and identified during the experiments.
Search for Authors of Publications among Users of the Large Scientometric Data System Using the WAND Method
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation, Vasenin V. A. , Zaslavskiy D. D. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Published: January 2024

Currently, the processing of search queries in big data systems is an important area of research. Its results find applications in various fields, including research, development and technological work (R&D). One of the main tasks in this area is accounting, analysis and promoting its participants through competitive means. To achieve this, information and analytical scientometric systems are developed to aggregate published R&D results. The article discusses a specific task arising in such systems, namely, the task of determining the involvement of authors in writing a scientific publication. Information and analytical systems store records of publications and their authors, but often there are no mechanisms that allow determining the relationship between the publication and the authors with high accuracy. The goal of the task, which is presented in the article, is to restore missing relationships. The algorithm presented in the article is based on the assumption that R&D work is carried out by teams of authors, and to determine the authors of the publication, it is enough to identify these teams. The materials of this article will be valuable to researchers and practitioners involved in automating processes within large information-analytical systems in the field of scientometrics and bibliometrics. Implementing the heuristic of authorship teams can significantly enhance the accuracy and performance of several similar-purpose systems, particularly those requiring real-time query processing.
Interface Visualization Method Reflecting the Business Logic of User Interaction
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Taganrog, 347922, Russian Federation, Belikova S. A.
Published: January 2024

The paper presents a method for visualizing the interface, reflecting the business logic of user interaction with the information system. The presented method differs from the known ones in that it allows you to create an interface from the users reasoning, presented in terms of their professional activity. The implementation of this method is aimed at achieving cognitive simplicity and ergonomic properties for the user. The interface visualization method includes a description of the users activity in the subject area, its analysis and presentation in the information system interface. The key feature of the method is the study and formation of a description of the logic of the users professional actions performed in the subject area, as well as its presentation in the user interface of the information system in the form of a task map. This approach makes it possible to consider the context of the users activity as a whole and create a user interface that best suits the activity in question, which will make the interface more user-friendly. This determines the scientific and practical significance of the method in relation to other approaches that take into account not the general context of the users professional activity, but only its individual aspects.
Local Government-Led Climate Governance and Social Inclusion: The Case Study of J County in China
Authors: Yan Chunhua , Luo Yajuan
Published: January 2024

Social inclusion in climate governance is related to social justice and inclusive climate justice explicitly aims to open up climate policy and politics to a broader range of actors and voices, especially those most exposed to climate‐related injustice. This article employs qualitative research methods to comprehensively examine the issue of social inclusion in the context of local government‐led climate governance in J County, Zhejiang province, China. The study finds that the climate governance in J County demonstrates a certain degree of social inclusion in terms of participation by local farmers and benefit distribution. However, this social inclusion has a hidden fragility: It is limited and unstable. The limited social inclusion is manifested in the fact that, throughout the entire process, bamboo farmers were unable to participate due to their lack of a comprehensive understanding of the climate governance action plan, and the distribution of climate governance benefits is characterised by a lack of transparency in the design process and uncertainty regarding potential benefits. The unstable social inclusion is manifested in the great differences in the  environmental governance actions of J County in different periods, especially regarding public participation and benefit distribution. Fundamentally, this is mainly due to the significant influence of China’s unique top‐down performance evaluation system on local government‐led climate governance actions in J County. Social inclusion in local government‐led environmental governance may again be marginalised if the top‐down performance evaluation indicators faced by local governments change in the future.
Social Exclusion in the Development of Photovoltaics: The Perspective of Fishers in the HU Township
Authors: Liu Yijun , Chen AJiang , Liu Zhuxiang
Published: January 2024

This article critically examines the consequences of the application of a photovoltaic (PV) project on the social exclusion of local fishers, through an environmental justice lens. The project was undertaken to develop a mechanism to increase local government revenue while mitigating climate change. However, the findings reveal that the entry of the PV industry displaced traditional fishery production, causing damage to the livelihood of local fishers and encroaching on their living space. At the same time, the authorities did not pay special attention to the interests of fishers in the distribution of PV revenue. These findings draw attention to the need to address the social exclusion of fishers and take decisive steps to institutionalize more structured and transparent co‐creation processes to ensure that the voices of marginalized groups are heard and effectively considered in the process. The research this article draws on is qualitative, comprised of data gathered through document analysis, as well as in‐depth interviews with the fishers, representatives of the local government, and the PV companies.
STONE DENSITY HOUNSFIELD UNIT VALUE DETERMINED BY UNENHANCED COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN PREDICTING THE OUTCOME OF PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY
Authors: Rashid Aso , Sharif Zana
Published: January 2024

BackgroundA successful percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) requires appropriate preoperative planning, and non-contrast computerized tomography NCCT has become an important imaging method in diagnosing urolithiasis, providing stone measurements, location, and density (Hounsfield units). Stone density (HU) measurement is routinely performed in clinical practice to define the hardness and composition of kidney stones and predict the stone treatment outcome.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcome of percutaneous nephrolithotomy regarding stone-free rate, complications, and operation time using the Hounsfield unit value determined by non-contrast computed tomography.
Patients and MethodsSixty patients were electively selected for PCNL; the inclusion criteria were all adult patients with renal stones who needed PNL. The exclusion criteria were renal stones in the obstructed pyelonephritic kidney, stone with sepsis, ectopic kidney, and transplanted kidney. The patients were divided into two groups—the low HU group (HU ≤ 1000) and the high HU group (HU> 1000) based on stone density. In addition, the intraoperative and postoperative data, including the operation time, stone-free rate, and post-PCNL complications, were recorded—a comparative study designed between the two differences in HU stone density and the outcome of the procedure.
ResultsOur study includes 31 (51.7%) males and 29 (48.3%) females. Twenty-seven patients had an HU value ≤ 1000, and 33 had an HU value >1000. Intraoperative complications occurred in 3 (4.92%) patients with high stone density, including extravasation (n = 2) and bleeding (n = 1). Postoperative complications occurred in 11 (18.03%) patients (nine patients with low and two with high stone density). The postoperative stone residual was found in 4 patients with low stone density. Operation time was longer in high-stone-density groups than in low-stone-density groups (P-value < 0.001).
ConclusionPreoperative assessment of stone density impacts outcomes in percutaneous nephrolithotomy. High stone densities are associated with longer operating times, higher intraoperative complications, and higher stone-free rates. Conversely, Low-density stone has a shorter operative time, higher postoperative complications, and lower stone-free rates.
THE ROLE OF SEPTOCOLUMELLAR SUTURE IN TIP PLASTY IN PRIMARY OPEN RHINOPLASTY
Authors: Abdulkareem Hiwa
Published: January 2024

BackgroundProper nasal tip control is a difficult step in rhinoplasty, and maintaining a proper nasal tip projection and rotation is mandatory in rhinoplasty, septocolumellar suture is a single maneuver that is useful for getting a stable nasal tip with the desired projection and rotation.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of septocolumellar suture on the degree of nasal tip projection and rotation by comparing the pre and postoperative results.

Patient and MethodsA prospective, descriptive study was conducted in the period from Jan 2019 –to Dec 2019 on 50 patients with ages ranging (18- 44), underwent primary open rhinoplasty in (ENT, Head and Neck Surgery Sulaimani Teaching Center) and (Zhyan Private Hospital), follow up was done three and six months postoperatively, the nasal tip projection and rotation were assessed, and were compared with the preoperative data and analyzed statistically using SPSS version 22.

ResultsAmong included patients, all underwent an open rhinoplasty with septocolumellar suture, 72 % of them are female and 28% of them are male, with the age range of (18-44), the Goode’s ratio increased to 52% and decreased in 48%, and The nasolabial angle increased from 89.33 to 98.94, so the nasal tip rotation increased.

ConclusionsThe septocolumellar suture technique is a useful manoeuvre to decrease and increase the nasal tip projection to a limited range and increase nasal tip rotation, so it is a useful way to achieve these two changes with a single manoeuvre.
EFFECT OF CHANGE IN THE NECK POSITION ON DOSIMETRIC PARAMETERS OF THE OESOPHAGUS IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS UNDERGOING SUPRACLAVICULAR IRRADIATION
Authors: Amin Soma , Faraj Kharman
Published: January 2024

BackgroundA limited number of publications examine approaches to decreasing esophageal dose and acute esophagitis during breast cancer radiotherapy (RT).

ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyze the effect of the two different neck positions when the neck turned to the contralateral side or straight on dosimetric parameters such as mean dose (Dmean) maximum dose (Dmax), and volume of esophagus receiving doses (Vx), in breast patients (BC) who require supraclavicular irradiation.

Materials and MethodsOf all patients undergoing chest wall and supraclavicular regional node irradiation with a dose of 40Gy in 15 fractions, 25 patients were simulated with their necks straight (NS) group, whereas 25 patients with tilted neck position (NT) group. Dmean, Dmax, V5, V10, V15, and V20 were calculated and converted to EQD2 (Equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions).

ResultsDmean, V5, V10, V15, and V20 were significantly lower in (straight neck position) SN group patients when compared to the (tilted neck position) TN group (P values <0.05). Dmax was slightly higher in the SN group than the NT group (p= 0.083). When the laterality of breast cancer was evaluated in the two groups, all dosimetric parameters (Dmax, Dmean, V5, V10, V15, and V20 ) were higher in left-sided breast cancer as compared in right-sided breast cancer for SN and NT groups (P values <0.05).

ConclusionWe found that the positioning of a straight neck resulted in considerable oesophagal sparing. Therefore, esophagitis may be reduced, which substantially impacts the quality of life of BC survivors.
THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC PREVALENCE OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR INFARCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE INFERIOR ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Abdullah Hadi , Fatah Hussain , Omar Kamaran
Published: January 2024

BackgroundRight ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI) is associated with acute inferior STEMI in 30 to 50 % of cases and poor outcome of RVMI is usually related to profound hemodynamic and electrical complications, which occur in approximately 50 % of cases . In contrast, RVMI associated with anterior wall myocardial infarction in less than 10% of cases and isolated RV infarction is rare. It is the posterior RV wall that is most frequently involved in RV infarction and nearly always in association with left ventricular posterior and posteroseptal infarction .So right precordial leads (V4R & V5R) are recommended in patients with acute inferior STEMI, especially in the presence of hypotension and bradycardia.

ObjectiveTo identify the prevalence of right ventricular infarction (RVI) in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction (AIMI) within 24 hours of starting manifestations of infarction who got suitable precordial ECG and to detect associated risk factors that increase the risk of RVI in the setting of inferior MI in Sulaimani city/Kurdistan region/Iraq.

MethodsOne hundred patients with acute Inferior STEMI were included in the study. A simplified cardiovascular questionnaire was used, and a detailed physical examination and a standard 12-lead ECG, RPLs, and cardiac enzyme assay were carried out.

ResultsRight Ventricular Infarction RVI was present in 39% of cases with acute inferior STEMI. The age group 50-59 years was most commonly affected (57.9%). Females more commonly have RVI than males. There was no significant difference between patients with RVI and non-RVI regarding residence and occupation. Both hypertension HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) were the most dominant chronic diseases (55 % and 45 %, respectively).

ConclusionRight ventricular infarction was found in 39% of patients with acute inferior STEMI. Right precordial leads (V4R & V5R) are recommended in patients with acute inferior STEMI, especially in the presence of hypotension and bradycardia.
THREE Y-V FLAP FOR RELEASING OF FIRST WEB SPACE CONTRACTURE OF THE HAND
Authors: Ahmed Kosar , Abdulkarim Dana
Published: January 2024

BackgroundFirst web space contracture could be caused by burns, infection, trauma, paralytic, arthritis, congenital abnormality, and abnormal immobilization that led to functional limitation of the surgical procedure, including three Y-V flaps.

ObjectivesTo review the outcome of patients with a contracture of the first web space that released contracture using 3 Y-V flaps and evaluate the opening degree of the first web space angle.

Patients and MethodsTwenty-eight patients with post-burn contracture of the first web space at Sulaimani Burn and Plastic Surgery Hospital were included from April 2019 to April 2022. The patients were treated using the 3 Y-V plasty technique, and pre-/post-operative angles were measured with a goniometer.

ResultsThe mean age of the studied patients was 36.9±9.0. The angle was improved with a preoperative mean value of 39.26 to 58.75 after the operation. Among four recurrent contracture cases, three were due to electrical burns, while another was caused by flap necrosis. Small pieces of skin graft were not the cause of recurrence in this study.

ConclusionThree Y-V plasty is a successful surgical intervention in reconstructing the first web space contracture. However, we suggest excluding patients who cannot use their hands in their daily activities, especially when the contracture is due to electrical burn and associated with nerve injury/muscle contracture; correcting these problems before releasing the contracture is better.
PREVALENCE OF CAESAREAN SECTION NICHE IN WOMEN WITH PREVIOUS CAESAREAN SECTION AND ITS EFFECT ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Authors: Rahim Gona
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThe Cesarean Section (CS) rate has been increasing in recent practice worldwide as well as in Iraq, and there are many gynecological and obstetric problems related to CS also increasing in parallel to CS, some of them may be related to cesarean scar niche (CSN). There has yet to be a consensus about the gold standard method for diagnosing CSN, its prevalence, and the symptoms it causes.

ObjectiveThis study aims to fi nd the prevalence of CSN in women with previous CS and how common gynaecological symptoms, including abnormal uterine bleeding, are among women who have had cesarean section niches compared to women with no CSN.

Patients and MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study conducted in private clinics of gynaecology and ultrasonography in Sulaymaniyah/Kurdistan/Iraq from December 2020 to May 2023. It involved 259 women with a history of previous Cesarean section for whom transvaginal ultrasound was done to fi nd the presence or absence of CSN. Accordingly, they divided into two groups: the first with CSN and the second with no CSN. Both groups followed prospectively for several parameters: postmenstrual spotting, intermenstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, and subfertility—the chi-square test used for statistical analysis of the variables.

ResultsThis study was carried out on 259 women with a history of one or more CS. Diagnosis of CSN done by 2D TVU: 44% of them had CSN, and 66% had no CSN; the prevalence of CSN was higher in women with repeated CS (P˂0.001). Not all scar niches had symptoms but were frequently symptomatic; in this group, 50.9% were symptomatic, while in those with no CSN, 26.2% were symptomatic (P˂0.001). Postmenstrual spotting and dysmenorrhea were the most predominant symptoms, which were statistically significant compared to the group of no niche (P P˂0.001). At the same time, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, and subfertility were not significantly increased. In the group of CSN, 44.73% had large, and 55.26% had small niches. Postmenstrual spotting and dysmenorrhea symptoms were more prevalent in women with large CSN than in small CSN (P˂0.001).

ConclusionThe prevalence of cesarean scar niche was 44% in women with previous CS, which can cause postmenstrual spotting and dysmenorrhea. More studies need to be addressed regarding intermenstrual bleeding, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, and subfertility. Therefore, the practice of cesarean section on request is not recommended.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND BLOOD PRESSURE LEVEL AMONG VISITORS OF SHAR TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SULAYMANIYAH CITY
Authors: Gharib Kalthum , Karim Sanaa , Majeed Maysam , Ali Lanya , Ahmad Sazyar , Omer Shokhan
Published: January 2024

BackgroundObesity and Hypertension are major public health problems of global significance. The Framingham Study, a population-based study initiated in the United States, demonstrated that men and women had increased blood pressure with increased overweight.

ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between body mass index and blood pressure level in Sulaimani city.

Patients and MethodsThis is a descriptive-analytic quantitative study conducted in Sulaimani city for those who visited Shar Hospital from December 2021 to March 2022. Three hundred people were recruited (150 cases, 150 control). The sociodemographic characteristics and information regarding (the BP) and (BMI) of each person were collected. The data was collected by using a predesigned questionnaire by direct interview.

ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 50.2±18.3 years. (53.7%) were female (46.3%) were male. Most of them were married (85.7%), illiterate (30%), Occupation as a housewife (41%), and urban residents (77.7%). Sixteen. Seven percent had HTN for 1-5 years (50.3%) and had a family history of HTN, most of them from their mother (16%), non-diabetic (72.7%), non-smoker (73%), and non-alcoholic (96.7).

ConclusionsAccording to the result of the study, there was a significant relationship between BP (systolic and diastolic) and BMI.
MYELOID SARCOMA PRESENTING AS SKIN NODULES IN SULAYMANIYAH CITY
Authors: Delawer Kani , Getta Hisham , Muheadeen Dana
Published: January 2024

Myeloid sarcoma is a rare malignant myeloid tumour known as granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma. As not all myeloid leukaemias are derived from granulocytes, the preferred term is myeloid sarcoma instead of granulocytic sarcoma and chloroma, consisting of the myeloid blast with or without maturation. Myeloid sarcoma may occur de novo or precede or be associated with acute or chronic myeloid leukaemias, or represent a blast transformation of myeloproliferative disorders, myelodysplastic syndromes, or it may represent a relapsed state in patients diagnosed previously as AML regardless of blood or BM findings. It is more common in adults between 45 and 55 years of age. Myeloid sarcoma can involve any body site other than the bone marrow that totally or partially effaced the tissue architecture. The most affected sites are lymph nodes, skin, and bones (1). Skin, soft tissues, bone, lymph nodes, GIT, and testis are common sites to be involved (2). Occurrence in the other sites like skull bones, orbit, and paranasal sinuses is unusual (3). The pathogenesis of this sarcoma is believed to be an aberrant expression of homing signals for the leukemic blastson extramedullary sites compared to bone marrow.
HUNGARY IN IVAN FRANKO’S CREATIVITY AND SCIENTYFIC HERITAGE
Authors:   National Pedagogical Drahomanov University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Pohrebennyk V. F.
Published: January 2024

The article investigates the Ivan Franko’s literature, historical-literature and historical works, dedicated to the Hungary. Its themes/motives is the main subject in text of short novel “The clean race”, which are investigated in such aspects, as ideas, symbolic details and other. The author of article interprets too historical and literary senses and messages of I. Franko’s scientific Hungarian studies, dedicated to the old time and actual new events, personage & problems in Austrian-Hungarian monarchy of the middle and end of XIX-th century. Ivan Franko’s reasoning about old literature, folklore, historic events of the XIX-th century, as it proved in article, is still marked by deeply special knowledges, accurate definitions and symbolic assessments, interesting literary parallels, exspressed with meaning of the case with critical remarks. And its analyzed specifics of Hungary reception and using of his ideas of harmonisation of the international relations between Hungary and Ukraine. With good reason, in this article is emphasized I. Franko’s skills as an observer and ethnopsychologist, a master of political senses, and finally as writer-democrat and scientist-polihistor, who promoted humanism, patriotism and high idealism, Ukrainian and Hungarian struggle for freedom.
THE LITERATURE OF KYIV RIS’ IN THE SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTION OF IVAN FRANKO
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Slipushko O. M. , Zadorozhna O. S. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: January 2024

This article is devoted to investigation of conception of Ivan Franko about literature of Kyiv Rus’. Partly, we investigate the using by Ivan Franko of concrete scientific terminology for definite and characteristic of this period in the history of the Ukrainian literature. It is determined the contribution of scholarly in the 157 development of the studying of Middle Ages because of modern investigations. It is underlined the interpretation by scholarly the problem of independent Kyiv Rus’ in the European space. The ideas of Ivan Franko about concrete original and translated works are interpreted. Partly, about chronicle “Povist of vremjanyh lit”, apocrifes, that were populated in Rus. It is underlined the integration by scholarly the terminology “іmpersonality” as author characteristic, its using for interpretation of Middle Ages texts. The system of scientific outlook of Ivan Franko is complex and integrated. His scientific works about history of Ukrainian literature are very important contribution in the science of that time and form a basic for future scientific. Until this time these are authority and actual about interpretation of many phenomenons and facts of the old Ukrainian literature. The literature of Kyiv Rus’ is very important in the system scientific outlook of Ivan Franko. He formed about it concrete methods and ideas. Its investigations is actual because of importance of integrity of literature of Х–ХІІІ s. in the European space especially as Ukrainian and full overcoming of the stereotype about Kyiv Rus’ as Russian heritage. The important service of Ivan Franko is his very big source works, collecting and publishing with his scientific comments and interpretations of many texts. Ivan Franko integrated these texts in the scientific space. In this way the history of Ukrainian literature was formed by texts of the period of the Middle Ages. In general in scientific works of Ivan Franko the idea about literature of Kyiv Rus as independent and Ukrainian is dominated. Because of its idea the system of scientific ideas about Rus Medieval works of Ivan Franko is formed. We see the interpretation by Ivan Franko the Medieval works in the space of the national folklore and European tradition.
PARADOXES OF FRANCO SCIENTIFIC RECEPTION
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kovaliv Y. I.
Published: January 2024

The article reveals important pages of the life and work of I. Franko, which are often overlooked by French studies.
Understanding the Order of 500 and 1000 Rupees Notes Ban using Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Varsha D. Jadhav Et al.
Published: January 2024

In the field of machine learning called reinforcement learning, complicated sequential decision-making problems have been addressed. The issue that arises when an agent learns behavior by trial-and-error runs to determine the ideal policy, or the sequence of behaviors so that rewards are maximized,is known as reinforcement learning. Because many reinforcement learning methods use dynamic programming approaches, the environment is characterized as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). The research presents reinforcement learning using Bigram, trigram, and 4-gram models for tweets collected for "500 and 1000 notes banned." A multistage graph problem is used to draw the graph and the Bayes method is used to compute the probabilities. For the given word sequence, it determines the shortest route between source and destination. After that, the path is defined by the agent's randomly selected states and actions, which are subsequently followed to receive rewards. Epsilon greedy selection mode randomly chooses an action to explore the environment.
Enhancing Motor Function in Chronic Diabetes: A Novel Approach with Conventional Exercises and a Diabetic Mat Intervention
Authors: Suraj B Kanase Et al.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The metabolic condition diabetes mellitus (DM) causes high blood glucose levels and chronic consequences such diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes neuropathy, which affects over half of diabetics, causes sensory and motor impairment and lowers quality of life. Traditional workouts have been used to treat these issues, but there is growing interest in new approaches such diabetic exercise mats. The study compares such a mat to standard activities for treating sensory and motor impairment in chronic diabetics.

Objectives: This study will compare diabetic exercise mat activities to traditional exercises for sensory and motor impairment in chronic diabetics. Designing the diabetic exercise mat, assessing the effects of conventional exercises on sensory dysfunction, and testing the mat's effects on motor dysfunction in this population are the goals.

Conclusion:After a thorough statistical analysis, presentation, and interpretation of the study's data, both traditional and mat-based exercises improved Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) and Quantitative Sensory Testing. This study strongly suggests that exercises on the specifically designed mat are more effective than those on a standard mat. Therefore, the alternative theory is supported.