bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of widespread respirator use in curtailing COVID-19 transmission in the USA
Authors: Ngonghala Calistus N. , Knitter James R. , Marinacci Lucas , Bonds Matthew H. , Gumel Abba B.
Published: September 2021

Dynamic models are used to assess the impact of three types of face masks (cloth masks, surgical/procedure masks and respirators) in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. We showed that the pandemic would have failed to establish in the USA if a nationwide mask mandate, based on using respirators with moderately high compliance, had been implemented during the first two months of the pandemic. The other mask types would fail to prevent the pandemic from becoming established. When mask usage compliance is low to moderate, respirators are far more effective in reducing disease burden. Using data from the third wave, we showed that the epidemic could be eliminated in the USA if at least 40% of the population consistently wore respirators in public. Surgical masks can also lead to elimination, but requires compliance of at least 55%. Daily COVID-19 mortality could be eliminated in the USA by June or July 2021 if 95% of the population opted for either respirators or surgical masks from the beginning of the third wave. We showed that the prospect of effective control or elimination of the pandemic using mask-based strategy is greatly enhanced if combined with other non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that significantly reduce the baseline community transmission. By slightly modifying the model to include the effect of a vaccine against COVID-19 and waning vaccine-derived and natural immunity, this study shows that the waning of such immunity could trigger multiple new waves of the pandemic in the USA. The number, severity and duration of the projected waves depend on the quality of mask type used and the level of increase in the baseline levels of other NPIs used in the community during the onset of the third wave of the pandemic in the USA. Specifically, no severe fourth or subsequent wave of the pandemic will be recorded in the USA if surgical masks or respirators are used, particularly if the mask use strategy is combined with an increase in the baseline levels of other NPIs. This study further emphasizes the role of human behaviour towards masking on COVID-19 burden, and highlights the urgent need to maintain a healthy stockpile of highly effective respiratory protection, particularly respirators, to be made available to the general public in times of future outbreaks or pandemics of respiratory diseases that inflict severe public health and socio-economic burden on the population.
Discrete scattering and meta-arrest of locally resonant elastic wave metamaterials with a semi-infinite crack
Authors: Huang Kuan-Xin , Shui Guo-Shuang , Wang Yi-Ze , Wang Yue-Sheng
Published: September 2021

Previous investigations on wave scattering and crack propagation in the discrete periodic structure are concentrated on the conditional mass–spring model, in which the internal mass is not included. In this work, elastic wave metamaterials with local resonators are studied to show the scattering of elastic waves by a semi-infinite crack and the arrest behaviour. The influences of internal mass–spring structure are analysed and the discrete Wiener–Hopf method is used to obtain the displacement solution. Numerical calculations are performed to show that the dynamic negative effective mass and band gaps can be observed owing to the local resonance of the internal mass. Therefore, the scattering of an elastic wave with a specific frequency by a semi-infinite crack can be avoided by tuning the structural parameters. Moreover, the energy release ratio which characterizes the splitting resistance is presented and the meta-arrest performance is found. It is expected that this study will increase understanding of how to control the scattering characteristics of elastic waves by a semi-infinite crack in locally resonant metamaterials and also help to improve their fracture resistance.
Optimized lattice-based metamaterials for elastostatic cloaking
Authors: Sanders E. D. , Aguiló M. A. , Paulino G. H.
Published: September 2021

An optimization-based approach is proposed to design elastostatic cloaking devices in two-dimensional (2D) lattices. Given an elastic lattice with a defect, i.e. a circular or elliptical hole, a small region (cloak) around the hole is designed to hide the effect of the hole on the elastostatic response of the lattice. Inspired by the direct lattice transformation approach to elastostatic cloaking in 2D lattices, the lattice nodal positions in the design region are obtained using a coordinate transformation of the reference (undisturbed) lattice nodes. Subsequently, additional connectivity (i.e. a ground structure) is defined in the design region and the stiffness properties of these elements are optimized to mimic the global stiffness characteristics of the reference lattice. A weighted least-squares objective function is proposed, where the weights have a physical interpretation—they are the design-dependent coefficients of the design lattice stiffness matrix. The formulation leads to a convex objective function that does not require a solution to an additional adjoint system. Optimization-based cloaks are designed considering uniaxial tension in multiple directions and are shown to exhibit approximate elastostatic cloaking, not only when subjected to the boundary conditions they were designed for but also for uniaxial tension in directions not used in design and for shear loading.
Solution landscapes of the simplified Ericksen–Leslie model and its comparisonwith the reduced Landau–deGennes model
Authors: Han Yucen , Yin Jianyuan , Hu Yucheng , Majumdar Apala , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2021

We investigate the solution landscapes of a simplified Ericksen–Leslie (sEL) vector model for nematic liquid crystals, confined in a two-dimensional square domain with tangent boundary conditions. An efficient numerical algorithm is developed to construct the solution landscapes by utilizing the symmetry properties of the model and the domain. Since the sEL model and the reduced Landau–de Gennes (rLdG) models can be viewed as Ginzburg–Landau functionals, we systematically compute the solution landscapes of the sEL model, for different domain sizes, and compare them with the solution landscapes of the corresponding rLdG model. There are many similarities, including the stable diagonal and rotated states, bifurcation behaviours and sub-solution landscapes with low-index saddle solutions. Significant disparities also exist between the two models. The sEL vector model exhibits the stable solutionC±with interior defects, high-index ‘fake defect’ solutions, novel tessellating solutions and certain types of distinctive dynamical pathways. The solution landscape approach provides a comprehensive and efficient way for model comparison and is applicable to a wide range of mathematical models in physics.
Recovering multiple fractional orders in time-fractional diffusion in an unknown medium
Authors: Jin Bangti , Kian Yavar
Published: September 2021

In this work, we investigate an inverse problem of recovering multiple orders in a time-fractional diffusion model from the data observed at one single point on the boundary. We prove the unique recovery of the orders together with their weights, which does not require a full knowledge of the domain or medium properties, e.g. diffusion and potential coefficients, initial condition and source in the model. The proof is based on Laplace transform and asymptotic expansion. Furthermore, inspired by the analysis, we propose a numerical procedure for recovering these parameters based on a nonlinear least-squares fitting with either fractional polynomials or rational approximations as the model function, and provide numerical experiments to illustrate the approach for small time

t

.
Evolutionary and ecological perspectives on the wheat phenotype
Authors: Sadras Victor O.
Published: September 2021

Technologies, from molecular genetics to precision agriculture, are outpacing theory, which is becoming a bottleneck for crop improvement. Here, we outline theoretical insights on the wheat phenotype from the perspective of three evolutionary and ecologically important relations—mother–offspring, plant–insect and plant–plant. The correlation between yield and grain number has been misinterpreted as cause-and-effect; an evolutionary perspective shows a striking similarity between crop and fishes. Both respond to environmental variation through offspring number; seed and egg size are conserved. The offspring of annual plants and semelparous fishes, lacking parental care, are subject to mother–offspring conflict and stabilizing selection. Labile reserve carbohydrates do not fit the current model of wheat yield; they can stabilize grain size, but involve trade-offs with root growth and grain number, and are at best neutral for yield. Shifting the focus from the carbon balance to an ecological role, we suggest that labile carbohydrates may disrupt aphid osmoregulation, and thus contribute to wheat agronomic adaptation. The tight association between high yield and low competitive ability justifies the view of crop yield as a population attribute whereby the behaviour of the plant becomes subordinated within that of the population, with implications for genotyping, phenotyping and plant breeding.
Do mutualistic interactions last longer than antagonistic interactions?
Authors: Zeng Yichao , Wiens John J.
Published: September 2021

Species interactions are crucial and ubiquitous across organisms. However, it remains unclear how long these interactions last over macroevolutionary timescales, and whether the nature of these interactions (mutualistic versus antagonistic) helps predict how long they persist. Here, we estimated the ages of diverse species interactions, based on phylogenies from 60 studies spanning the Tree of Life. We then tested if mutualistic interactions persist longer than antagonistic interactions. We found that the oldest mutualisms were significantly older than the oldest antagonisms across all organisms, and within plants, fungi, bacteria and protists. Surprisingly, this pattern was reversed in animals, with the oldest mutualisms significantly younger than the oldest antagonisms. We also found that many mutualisms were maintained for hundreds of millions of years (some greater than 1 billion years), providing strong evidence for the long-term stability of mutualisms and for niche conservatism in species interactions.
Antagonistic effects of long- and short-term environmental variation on species coexistence
Authors: Liu Ming , Rubenstein Dustin R. , Cheong Siew Ann , Shen Sheng-Feng
Published: September 2021

Assessing the impact of environmental fluctuations on species coexistence is critical for understanding biodiversity loss and the ecological impacts of climate change. Yet determining how properties like the intensity, frequency or duration of environmental fluctuations influence species coexistence remains challenging, presumably because previous studies have focused on indefinite coexistence. Here, we model the impact of environmental fluctuations at different temporal scales on species coexistence over a finite time period by employing the concepts of time-windowed averaging and performance curves to incorporate temporal niche differences within a stochastic Lotka–Volterra model. We discover that short- and long-term environmental variability has contrasting effects on transient species coexistence, such that short-term variation favours species coexistence, whereas long-term variation promotes competitive exclusion. This dichotomy occurs because small samples (e.g. environmental changes over long time periods) are more likely to show large deviations from the expected mean and are more difficult to predict than large samples (e.g. environmental changes over short time periods), as described in the central limit theorem. Consequently, we show that the complex set of relationships among environmental fluctuations and species coexistence found in previous studies can all be synthesized within a general framework by explicitly considering both long- and short-term environmental variation.
Plasticity of the lettuce infectious yellows virus minor coat protein (CPm) in mediating the foregut retention and transmission of a chimeric CPm mutant by whitefly vectors
Authors: Ng James C. K. , Peng James H. C. , Chen Angel Y. S. , Tian Tongyan , Zhou Jaclyn S. , Smith Thomas J.
Published: September 2021

Transmission of the crinivirus, lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV), is determined by a minor coat protein (CPm)-mediated virion retention mechanism located in the foregut of its whitefly vector. To better understand the functions of LIYV CPm, chimeric CPm mutants engineered with different lengths of the LIYV CPm amino acid sequence and that of the crinivirus, lettuce chlorosis virus (LCV), were constructed based on bioinformatics and sequence alignment data. The 485 amino acid-long chimeric CPm of LIYV mutant, CPmP-1, contains 60 % (from position 3 to 294) of LCV CPm amino acids. The chimeric CPm of mutants CPmP-2, CPmP-3 and CPmP-4 contains 46 (position 3 to 208), 51 (position 3 to 238) and 41 % (position 261 to 442) of LCV CPm amino acids, respectively. All four mutants moved systemically, expressed the chimeric CPm and formed virus particles. However, following acquisition feeding of the virus preparations, only CPmP-1 was retained in the foreguts of a significant number of vectors and transmitted. In immuno-gold labelling transmission electron microscopy (IGL-TEM) analysis, CPmP-1 particles were distinctly labelled by antibodies directed against the LCV but not LIYV CPm. In contrast, CPmP-4 particles were not labelled by antibodies directed against the LCV or LIYV CPm, while CPmP-2 and -3 particles were weakly labelled by anti-LIYV CPm but not anti-LCV CPm antibodies. The unique antibody recognition and binding pattern of CPmP-1 was also displayed in the foreguts of whitefly vectors that fed on CPmP-1 virions. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the chimeric CPm of CPmP-1 is incorporated into functional virions, with the LCV CPm region being potentially exposed on the surface and accessible to anti-LCV CPm antibodies.
Streptococcus pneumoniae genomic datasets from an Indian population describing pre-vaccine evolutionary epidemiology using a whole genome sequencing approach
Authors: Nagaraj Geetha , Govindan Vandana , Ganaie Feroze , Venkatesha V. T. , Hawkins Paulina A. , Gladstone Rebecca A. , McGee Lesley , Breiman Robert F. , Bentley Stephen D. , Klugman Keith P. , Lo Stephanie W. , Ravikumar K. L.
Published: September 2021

Globally, India has a high burden of pneumococcal disease, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been rolled out in different phases across the country since May 2017 in the national infant immunization programme (NIP). To provide a baseline for assessing the impact of the vaccine on circulating pneumococci in India, genetic characterization of pneumococcal isolates detected prior to introduction of PCV would be helpful. Here we present a population genomic study of 480

Streptococcus pneumoniae

isolates collected across India and from all age groups before vaccine introduction (2009–2017), including 294 isolates from pneumococcal disease and 186 collected through nasopharyngeal surveys. Population genetic structure, serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility profile were characterized and predicted from whole-genome sequencing data. Our findings revealed high levels of genetic diversity represented by 110 Global Pneumococcal Sequence Clusters (GPSCs) and 54 serotypes. Serotype 19F and GPSC1 (CC320) was the most common serotype and pneumococcal lineage, respectively. Coverage of PCV13 (Pfizer) and 10-valent Pneumosil (Serum Institute of India) serotypes in age groups of ≤2 and 3–5 years were 63–75 % and 60–69 %, respectively. Coverage of PPV23 (Merck) serotypes in age groups of ≥50 years was 62 % (98/158). Among the top five lineages causing disease, GPSC10 (CC230), which ranked second, is the only lineage that expressed both PCV13 (serotypes 3, 6A, 14, 19A and 19F) and non-PCV13 (7B, 13, 10A, 11A, 13, 15B/C, 22F, 24F) serotypes. It exhibited multidrug resistance and was the largest contributor (17 %, 18/103) of NVTs in the disease-causing population. Overall, 42 % (202/480) of isolates were penicillin-resistant (minimum inhibitory concentration ≥0.12 µg ml−1) and 45 % (217/480) were multidrug-resistant. Nine GPSCs (GPSC1, 6, 9, 10, 13, 16, 43, 91, 376) were penicillin-resistant and among them six were multidrug-resistant. Pneumococci expressing PCV13 serotypes had a higher prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Sequencing of pneumococcal genomes has significantly improved our understanding of the biology of these bacteria. This study, describing the pneumococcal disease and carriage epidemiology pre-PCV introduction, demonstrates that 60–75 % of pneumococcal serotypes in children ≤5 years are covered by PCV13 and Pneumosil. Vaccination against pneumococci is very likely to reduce antibiotic resistance. A multidrug-resistant pneumococcal lineage, GPSC10 (CC230), is a high-risk clone that could mediate serotype replacement.
Phosphorus is a critical factor of the in vitro monoxenic culture method for a wide range of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi culture collections
Authors: Sato Takumi , Suzuki Kenta , Usui Erika , Ichihashi Yasunori
Published: September 2021

Establishing an effective way to propagate a wide range of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi species is desirable for mycorrhizal research and agricultural applications. Although the success of mycorrhizal formation is required for spore production of AM fungi, the critical factors for its construction in the in vitro monoxenic culture protocol remain to be identified. In this study, we evaluated the growth of hairy roots from carrot, flax, and chicory, and investigated the effects of the phosphorus (P) concentration in the mother plate, as well as the levels of P, sucrose, and macronutrients in a cocultivation plate with a hairy root, amount of medium of the cocultivation plate, and location of spore inoculation, by utilizing the Bayesian information criterion model selection with greater than 800 units of data. We found that the flax hairy root was suitable for in vitro monoxenic culture, and that the concentration of P in the cocultivation plate was a critical factor for mycorrhizal formation. We showed that an extremely low concentration of P (3 μM) significantly improved mycorrhizal formation for AM fungi belonging to the Glomerales order, while a high concentration of P (30 μM) was suitable for Diversisporales fungi. Therefore, we anticipate that the refining the P concentration will contribute to future culture collections of a wide range of AM fungi.
The investigation on flight quality of tilt-rotor aircraft
Authors: Lu Ke , Zhao Shanyong , Ma YUjie , Wu Shangjing , Su Cheng da
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to present an investigation on flight quality analysis and design of tilt-rotor aircraft combined with corresponding flight quality specifications.

Design/methodology/approach

From the perspective of modal characteristics of tilt-rotor aircraft, it focuses on the analysis of the change rules of the longitudinal short-term motion mode, lateral roll convergence mode, spiral mode and Dutch roll mode. Then, the flight quality design research is carried out using the explicit model tracking control method. The quantitative relationship between flight quality requirements and explicit model is established. Accordingly, the closed-loop flight quality of XV-15 tilt-rotor aircraft is evaluated.

Findings

The stability of spiral mode is the result of the interaction of various aerodynamic derivatives and spiral instability occurs in helicopter mode. The other motion modes are stable in full flight mode and meet the requirements of level 1 specified in ADS-33E-PRF and MIL-F-8785C flight quality specifications. There is a quantitative relationship between flight quality requirements and explicit model, and the flight quality of tilt-rotor aircraft is improved through the explicit model tracking control method.

Practical implications

The presented analysis results showed the influence of motion modes and flight quality and the effectiveness of explicit model tracking control method in flight quality improvement, which could be considered as new information for further flight quality design of tilt-rotor aircraft.

Originality/value

The originality of the paper lies in the proposed design and analysis method of the flight quality of tilt-rotor aircraft from the direction of the influence of its aerodynamic derivatives and motion modes.
An investigation into the use of textual references to sunshine and fresh air in farm holiday advertising
Authors: Magnini Vincent P. , Quendler Erika , Uysal Muzaffer
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Using the context of a farm holiday venue, the purpose of this study is to empirically test whether textual references can have significant influences on potential consumers' affective responses and interest in advertisements.

Design/methodology/approach

In a between-subjects experiment, a reference to sunshine (the underlined phrase in the following narrative) was inserted into a Facebook advertisement for a farm holiday venue: “Relax and Rejuvenate for a couple of days on our farm. Great food, fun, and sunshine … See More”.

Findings

Results indicate that a reference to sunshine significantly improves consumers' affective responses to the advertisement and significantly increases their interest (propensity to click “see more”). This study also examines the potential influence of a textual reference to fresh air as well as fresh air in combination with sunshine. No statistically significant results are found with the fresh air reference.

Originality/value

While a number of studies have examined text-based sensory details in marketing stimuli (Magnini and Gaskins, 2010; Torto, 2016), the notion of inserting textual references to fresh air and/or sunshine in advertising has not been empirically examined in the body of the existing literature.
Antecedents of horizontal logistics collaboration in agri-food supply chains
Authors: Badraoui Ismail , van der Lans Ivo , Boulaksil Youssef , van der Vorst Jack G.A.J.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study investigates the impact of agri-food supply chains (AFSCs) characteristics on the antecedents of horizontal logistics collaboration (HLC). Specifically, the study compares the relationship between collaboration activities and outcomes for companies in and outside AFSCs.

Design/methodology/approach

First, a survey was used to collect data from different industries. Second, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were applied to compare the measurement and structural models from different industry categories.

Findings

The results support the premise that collaboration improves trust and commitment in the relationship, which in turn enhance satisfaction. The results also show the existence of a minor influence of AFSCs characteristics on HLC antecedents, in the form of an indirect impact of dedicated investments on commitment.

Practical implications

The factors having a significant influence on the collaboration outcomes and their respective effects are generally similar across food and nonfood supply chains, providing opportunities for interdisciplinary and collaboration experiences.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the body of knowledge on interfirm collaboration by considering the specificities of HLC. It also highlights the importance of conducting contingency research on collaborative experiences, as firms from different industry contexts operate under distinct operational conditions.
Organizational agility: do agile project management and networking capability require market orientation?
Authors: Manurung Adler Haymans , Kurniawan Randy
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study aims to examine the joint impact of networking capability and agile project management on organizational agility of telecommunication technology providers' in Indonesia. The study also examines the moderating role of market orientation as a predominant strategic orientation on the relationship between agile project management and organizational agility.

Design/methodology/approach

Research data were collected via a questionnaire survey from the executive management of telecommunication technology providers in Indonesia to obtain 150 valid questionnaires for analysis. This study analyzed the overall model fit and causal relationship using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results indicate that networking capability positively affects organizational agility. However, agile project management's significant effect on organizational agility occurs only when the relationship is moderated by market orientation. The results of the study also demonstrate that organizational agility positively affects organizational performance.

Research limitations/implications

This study is based on a cross-sectional nature and might fail to capture the studied variables' dynamic over an extended period.

Originality/value

The study enriches the previous literature in organizational agility by presenting the collective impact of networking capability and agile project management and the moderating role of market orientation. However, dissimilar with major prior studies, the results indicate that agile project management's direct effect on organizational agility is not significant. Agile project management needs to be moderated by market orientation to create exceptional customer values and overcome the competition for the organization to achieve organizational agility, responsiveness and adaptability to address customers' needs and requirements. Furthermore, the study's result corroborates the importance of organizational agility to achieve organizational performance in the highly dynamic telecommunication industry.
Assessing elementary students’ collaborative problem-solving in makerspace activities
Authors: Herro Danielle , Quigley Cassie , Abimbade Oluwadara
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify and assess collaborative problem solving (CPS) behaviors in elementary students in science, technology, engineering, arts/humanities and mathematics (STEAM)-related making and to garner students perspectives. We offer a valid way for researchers to understand collaborative processes and for educators to create opportunities for collaboration. Additionally, the feedback from the assessment offers students a way to reflect on their CPS skills.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative study evaluated 52 elementary students’ CPS skills using co-measure, a validated rubric assessing students’ CPS when working in STEAM-related makerspace activities. Students worked in collaborative groups to “make” artifacts when solving a problem posed by their teacher. They were assessed using co-measure’s four dimensions: peer interactions, positive communication, inquiry rich/multiple paths and transdisciplinary approaches and scored via each dimension’s associated attributes. Student interviews provided their perspectives on CPS.

Findings

A majority of students scored in the acceptable or proficient range in the social dimensions of peer interactions and positive communication. Students scored slightly lower on the cognitive dimensions of inquiry rich/multiple paths and markedly lower on transdisciplinary approaches when collaborating. Findings suggest to increase CPS skills, teachers might develop “making” activities fostering greater inquiry and model ways to strategize and verify information, approach the problem drawing on student interest and prior knowledge and collaboratively use tools, materials and methods that mimic the real world when problem-solving.

Originality/value

Much of the current research on assessing CPS during making is in the early stages of considering appropriate assessment approaches, especially in schools. To expand this literature the study includes elementary students between the ages of 6-10, the focus is on assessing their collaboration using an observational rubric. The authors use preliminary findings from young children’s perspectives on making to position the future work.
Big data, big challenges: risk management of financial market in the digital economy
Authors: Yang Jinlei , Zhao Yuanjun , Han Chunjia , Liu Yanghui , Yang Mu
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The purpose of the research is to assess the risk of the financial market in the digital economy through the quantitative analysis model in the big data era. It is a big challenge for the government to carry out financial market risk management in the big data era.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity-vector autoregression (GARCH-VaR) model is constructed to analyze the big data financial market in the digital economy. Additionally, the correlation test and stationarity test are carried out to construct the best fit model and get the corresponding VaR value.

Findings

Owing to the conditional heteroscedasticity, the index return series shows the leptokurtic and fat tail phenomenon. According to the AIC (Akaike information criterion), the fitting degree of the GARCH model is measured. The AIC value difference of the models under the three distributions is not obvious, and the differences between them can be ignored.

Originality/value

Using the GARCH-VaR model can better measure and predict the risk of the big data finance market and provide a reliable and quantitative basis for the current technology-driven regulation in the digital economy.
Knowledge acquisition throughout the lifecycle: product and industry learning frameworks
Authors: Vendrell-Herrero Ferran , Gomes Emanuel , Opazo-Basaez Marco , Bustinza Oscar F.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to distinguish clearly between industry (ILC) and product lifecycle (PLC) models and to elucidate their different ramifications for organizational learning and knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors examine existing knowledge on ILCs and PLCs to highlight the differences and similarities and develop a framework with implications for learning and innovation in digital manufacturing industries.

Findings

The authors identify and associate one dominant type of learning with each phase of the ILC: learning-by-participating in the introduction phase, learning-by-feedback in the growth phase, vicarious learning in the maturity phase and learning-by-memory in the decline phase. The study also provides insight into how different types of learning influence PLC in digital innovation. From this perspective, learning-by-feedback is crucial to co-creation, co-production and open innovation. Similarly, learning-by-doing and learning-by-memory are essential to production and usage stages, respectively.

Research limitations/implications

The conceptual development in this paper follows a somewhat critical but ultimately elucidative analysis that highlights important research avenues in the interplay of PLC/ILC, organizational learning and digital innovation.

Originality/value

This paper clarifies a perennial theoretical problem by differentiating two concepts often conflated in the literature. More importantly, it contributes to the knowledge management literature by shedding light on the connection of ILC and PLC theories to different types of organizational learning.
Knowledge creation in patent ecosystems: insights from Singapore
Authors: Schillaci Carmela Elita , Marku Elona , Castriotta Manuel , Di Guardo Maria Chiara
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to better understand how codified knowledge that originates in organizations contributes to the generation of idiosyncratic knowledge embedded at a more expansive level, such as that of an ecosystem. In doing so, the authors introduce the concept of patent ecosystems – conceived as configurations of codified knowledge advancements protected via patents.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a patent co-classification method and introducing a novel validated software, the authors map and visualize the patent ecosystem of Singapore and examine 173,597 patents published from 1995 to 2020.

Findings

Results reveal the prominent growth of Singapore’s patenting activities, capturing a patent ecosystem shift, from a more diverse knowledge configuration to a more specialized one. The codified knowledge mainly generated deals with pharmaceuticals and high-tech knowledge domains; further, newly emerging technologies such as blockchain are also noted.

Research limitations/implications

The research investigates Singapore’s context, a country in which research directions and focus areas are influenced by government interventions and leadership. Thus, future studies might examine other patent ecosystems to draw comparisons with more laissez-faire policies or ecosystems with more pronounced organic development.

Originality/value

The novelty of this research is the introduction of the concept of a patent ecosystem for advancing a more fine-grained understanding of the aggregated knowledge generated at the ecosystem level and its specific features, composition and development. The authors consider patents as “carriers” of different codified pieces of knowledge and patent ecosystems represent the configuration that emerges from connections of these elements. The novel approach can aid both researchers, practitioners and policymakers with future examinations in the field.
Exploring workplace dignity from managerial lens
Authors: Tiwari Anjali , Sharma Tanuja , Sharma Radha R.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Understanding managers’ experiences of workplace dignity (WPD) is critical to working with others in an organization. However, there is limited research available on this subject. This study aims to expand the knowledge of WPD by exploring managers’ understanding of WPD and their experiences of both affirmation and denial of dignity at work.

Design/methodology/approach

Critical incident technique (CIT) has been used to explore the themes related to managers’ perceptions of WPD through their lived experiences. Affective event theory supports the use of CIT in the current study context.

Findings

Findings unfolded many new aspects of WPD, which have not been explored in the past. An exploration and analysis of the three research questions related to managers’ understanding, affirmation and denial experiences of WPD have added new insights to the existing literature. These have been further segregated under the following four main factors: internal, external, process and feelings. Finally, the authors conclude that external factors that arrive during exchange relationships play an important role in managers’ understanding and experiences of WPD in India.

Originality/value

To the best of the knowledge, this is a seminal study to have explored managers’ understanding of WPD in India. It aims to add to the literature by enriching the construct of WPD. Practical implications include a deeper managerial understanding of the affirmational practices and factors which will positively impact WPD.
Orange-derived and lemon-derived adsorbents with controlled grain for an efficient elimination of some cationic and anionic dyes
Authors: Pascual Gemma , García-Raurich Josep , Canal José M. , Riba-Moliner Marta
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study aims to demonstrate that orange-derived and lemon-derived systems can be used in continuous processes as efficient adsorbents to the entrapment of some anionic and cationic dyes in the textile dyeing wastewater effluents.

Design/methodology/approach

Physically and chemically modified orange and lemon mesocarps are used as natural adsorbents for the cationic dyes Basic Blue 3, Basic Yellow 21, Basic Red 18 and Basic Green 4 and the anionic dyes Acid Blue 264, Acid Yellow 49 and Acid Red 337, all commonly used in the textile dyeing industry. Adsorption capacities of the orange-derived and lemon-derived adsorbents on the dyes are studied simulating a batch and continuous industrial processes.

Findings

Results demonstrate that treated orange mesocarp (orange-derived adsorbent) can adsorb up to 97% of cationic Basic Green 4 in 30 min, whereas the lemon mesocarp (lemon-derived adsorbent) can retain up to 88% within the same time. In the case of anionic, 91% Acid Blue 264 is adsorbed by the orange mesocarp in 15 min, whereas 92% is adsorbed by the lemon homologue within the same time.

Originality/value

As far as the authors know, physically and chemically modified orange and lemon mesocarps have not been used on the removal of cationic (Basic Blue 3, Basic Yellow 21, Basic Red 18 and Basic Green 4) and anioinic (Acid Blue 264, Acid Yellow 49 and Acid Red 337) dyes of textile dyeing wastewater industry. It is a costless and efficient treatment that supposes, on the one hand, an eco-friendly and feasible process for discolouration of wastewater and, on the other, a valorisation (upcycling) of orange and lemon peels, which are not currently used.
Effect of internal pores on tensile properties of Co-Cr-Mo alloy fabricated by selective laser melting
Authors: Im Hyeon-Tae , Kang Hyun-Su , Kang Hyeon-Goo , Kim Hyo Kyu , Choi Jun , Park Ki Beom , Lee Taeg Woo , Mo Chan Bin , Park Hyung-Ki
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of internal pores on the tensile properties of a Co–Cr–Mo alloy fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM).

Design/methodology/approach

The size and volume fraction of pores were controlled through high temperature annealing (HTA) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP).

Findings

After HTA, the size and fraction of pores decreased compared with the as-built SLM sample, and no pores were observed after HIP. Tensile tests of the HTA and HIP samples showed nearly similar tensile deformation behavior. From the results, the authors found that the size of the internal pores formed in the SLM process had little effect on the tensile properties. The as-built SLM sample had less elongation than the HTA and HIP samples, which would not the effect of porosity, but rather the effect of the residual stress and the retained ε phase after the SLM process.

Originality/value

Although pores are a main factor that influence the mechanical properties, the effect of pores on the tensile properties of Co–Cr–Mo alloys fabricated by SLM has not been studied. Therefore, in this study, the effect of pores on the tensile properties of a Co–Cr–Mo alloy fabricated by SLM was studied.
Numerical investigation into cleanability of support structures produced by powder bed fusion technology
Authors: Campana Giampaolo , Uhlmann Eckart , Mele Mattia , Raffaelli Luca , Bergmann André , Kochan Jaroslaw , Polte Julian
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Support structures used in laser powder bed fusion are often difficult to clean from unsintered powder at the end of the process. This issue can be significantly reduced through a proper design of these auxiliary structures. This paper aims to investigate preliminary the airflow within differently oriented support structures and to provide design guidelines to enhance their cleanability, especially the depowdering of them.

Design/methodology/approach

This study investigates the cleanability of support structures in powder bed fusion technology. Digital models of cleaning operations were designed through computer-aided engineering systems. Simulations of the airflow running into the powder entrapped within the thin walls of auxiliary supports were implemented by computational fluid dynamics. This approach was applied to a set of randomly generated geometrical configurations to determine the air turbulence intensity depending on their design.

Findings

The results, which are based on the assumption that a relationship exists between turbulence and powder removal effectiveness, demonstrated that the maximum cleanability is obtainable through specific relative rotations between consecutive support structures. Furthermore, it was possible to highlight the considerable influence of the auxiliary structures next to the fluid inlet. These relevant findings establish optimal design rules for the cleanability of parts manufactured by powder bed fusion processes.

Originality/value

This study presents a preliminary investigation into the cleanability of support structures in laser powder bed fusion, which has not been addressed by previous literature. The results allow for a better understanding of the fluid dynamics during cleaning operations. New guidelines to enhance the cleanability of support structures are provided based on the results of simulations.
Assessing the sustainability of social studies virtual professional learning communities on social media: a quantitative study of “sense of community”
Authors: Hensley Matt
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the #SSChat community's recognition of cohesion and shared learning goals within the #SSChat community. Specifically, the author sought to gauge the #SSChat community's “sense of community (SOC) ” (e.g. measuring participants' perceptions of membership, influence, fulfillment of needs and a shared emotional connection related to the community) and sustainability (e.g. information contribution and consumption, self-disclosure and intention to leave the community). Additionally, the author aimed to examine “SOC” as a construct supporting the #SSChat community's sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employed a quantitative survey research design that was guided by McMillan and Chavis' (1986) SOC theoretical framework. The instrument included two reliable and valid surveys. Descriptive and inferential statics were used to investigate the three research questions.

Findings

Findings from this study highlight refinement and reinforcement areas framed using McMillan and Chavis' (1986) SOC theoretical framework to support the continued development and growth of the #SSChat as virtual learning community for social studies education professionals.

Originality/value

There is a dearth of research that investigates the dynamic underpinnings and foundations of informal virtual learning communities for social studies educators and whether they are sustainable. While this study is not the first to investigate the relationship between sustainability and SOC, it does extend previous research by evaluating the specific SOC tenets and their individual relationships to sustainability.
Exploring the impact of interactive read-alouds on student perceptions of women’s history
Authors: Whitford Alyssa J.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study aims to investigate elementary students’ perceptions about women’s roles throughout US history, and the extent to which these perceptions can be challenged or expanded by interactive read-alouds.

Design/methodology/approach

Third-grade students participated in interviews designed to investigate their thoughts about women’s historical roles before and after engaging in a series of interactive read-alouds featuring notable women in history. Pre- and post-interviews were analyzed to assess shifts in perception.

Findings

The research findings suggest that students initially perceived historical women as insignificant and held stereotypical views about their roles and that this perception was challenged following the interactive read-alouds. Changes were indicated through increased references to women during interviews and through answers that challenged stereotypical views.

Originality/value

This study adds insight about students’ perceptions regarding women’s history and supports the use of interactive read-alouds to challenge stereotypical views of women’s historical roles.
Under-tourism regions and destinations: what are their opportunities to succeed?
Authors: Litavniece Lienite , Silicka Inese , Garanti Zanete , Berjozkina Galina , Kolongou Stathis
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The paper aims to identify the success factors that guide the sustainable development of rural tourism destinations in Cyprus.

Design/methodology/approach

For the purpose of this study, two rural villages in the Larnaca and Limassol districts of Cyprus were selected as a sample. Interviews, field visits, interactions with practitioners, the local community and leaders in these villages then followed. Thematic analysis was applied to identify the factors guiding the sustainable development of these villages.

Findings

Nine success factors were identified: finding the theme and engaging with it, allowing locals to guide the development, training and education, economic benefits, developing new products and services, community involvement, the role of younger people, strong leadership and island-wide efforts to rebrand Cyprus as a destination. These factors seem to be critical to the success of sustainable rural destinations and to rebranding Cyprus as a destination that offers authentic experiences.

Originality/value

The nine success factors identified by studying two villages in Cyprus can guide other rural destinations in finding their path to sustainable development through themes and authentic experiences.
Prophesying the stream flow and perpetrating the performance of Halele-Werabessa reservoirs of Ethiopia using HEC-HMS and HEC-ResSim
Authors: Bekele Dereje Mekonnen , Ayana Melkamu Teshome , Mohammed Abdella Kemal , Lohani Tarun Kumar , Shabaz Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Purpose

To assess the impacts of climate change on stream flow and evaluation of reservoir performances, reliability, resilience and vulnerability (RRV) indices are contemplated. Precipitation, temperature (Tmax, Tmin), relative humidity and solar radiation are the hydrological and meteorological data which have been used extensively. Climate data like RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 were evaluated for the base period 1976–2005 and future climate scenario for 2021–2050 and 2051–2080 as per the convenience.

Design/methodology/approach

The hydrologic engineering center hydrologic modeling system (HEC-HMS) model was used to simulate the current and future inflow volume into the reservoir. The model performance resulted as 0.76 Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), 0.78 R2 and −3.17 D and during calibration the results obtained were 0.8 NSE, 0.82 R2 and 2.1 D. The projected climate scenario illustrates an increasing trend for both maximum and minimum temperature though a decreasing trend was documented for precipitation. The average time base reliability of the reservoirs was less than 50% without reservoir condition and greater than 50% for other conditions but volumetric reliability and resilience varies between 50% and 100% for all conditions. The vulnerability result of reservoirs may face shortage of flow ranging from 5.7% to 33.8%.

Findings

Evaluating reservoir simulation and hydropower generation for different climate scenarios by HEC-ResSim model, the energy generated for upper dam ranges from 349.4 MWhr to 331.2 MWhr and 4045.82 MWhr and 3946.74 MWhr for short and long-term future scenario, respectively. RCP for Tmax and Tmin goes on increasing whereas precipitation and inflow to reservoir decreases owing to increase in evapotranspiration. Under diverse climatic conditions power production goes on varying simultaneously.

Originality/value

This paper is original and all the references are properly cited.