bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2015 and 2016 winter-time air pollution in China: SO2 emission changes derived
from a WRF/Chem-EnKF coupled data assimilation system
Authors: Chen Dan , Liu Zhiquan , Ban Junmei , Chen Min
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Ambient pollutants in China changes significantly in recent years due to strict control strategies implemented by the government. The control strategies also bring uncertainties to both the bottom-up emission inventory and the model-ready gridded emission inputs especially in winter season. In this study, we updated the WRF/Chem-EnKF Data Assimilation system to quantitatively estimate the gridded hourly SO2 emissions using hourly surface observations as constraints. Different from our previous study, in which meteorology and emission were both perturbed to obtain larger spread aiming to improve forecast skills; in this study, only emission was perturbed to ensure analyzed emission purely reflect necessary adjustments due to the emission uncertainties. In addition, direct emissions instead of emission scaling factors were used as analysis variable, which allowed for the detection of new emission sources. 2010 MEIC emission inventory (for January) was used as priori to generate 2015 and 2016 January analyzed emissions. The SO2 emission changing trends for northern, western and southern China from 2010 to 2015 and that from 2015 to 2016 (for the month of January) were investigated. The January 2010–2015 differences showed inhomogeneous change patterns in different regions: (1) significant emission reduction in southern China, (2) significant emission reduction in larger cities but widely increase in surrounding suburban and rural regions for northern China which may indicate the missing raw coal combustion for winter heating that not taken into account in the priori emission inventory; (3) significantly large emission increase in western China due to the energy expansion strategy. This not only reflected the changes during the five years, but also combined the uncertainties in the priori emissions. The January 2015–2016 differences showed widely emission reduction from 2015 to 2016, indicating the stricter control strategy fully executed nationwide. These changes were corresponded to facts in reality, indicating that the updated DA system was capable to detect the emission deficiencies and optimize the emission. By generating the hourly analyzed emissions, the diurnal pattern of emissions (in terms of hourly factors) were also obtained. Forecast experiments showed the improvements by using analyzed emissions were much larger in southern China than that in northern and western China. For Sichuan Basin, Central China, Yangzi River Delta, and Pearl River Delta, BIAS and RMSE decreased by 61.8 %–78.2 % and 27.9 %–52.2 %, respectively, and correlation coefficients increased by 12.5 %–47.1 %. However, the improvement in northern and western China were limited due to small spread. Another limitation of the study is that the analyzed emissions are still model dependent, as the ensembles are conducted through WRF/Chem model and thus the performances of ensembles are model dependent.
Statistical downscaling of water vapour satellite measurements from profiles
of tropical ice clouds
Authors: Carella Giulia , Vrac Mathieu , Brogniez Hélène , Yiou Pascal , Chepfer Hélène
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Multi-scale interactions between the main players of the atmospheric water cycle are poorly understood, even in present-day climate and represent one of the main sources of uncertainty among future climate projections. Here, we present a method to downscale observations of relative humidity available from the passive microwave sounder SAPHIR at a nominal horizontal resolution of 10 km to the finer resolution of 90 m using scattering ratio profiles from the lidar CALIPSO. With the scattering ratio profiles as covariates, an iterative approach applied to a non-parametric regression model based on Quantile Random Forest is used to effectively incorporate into the predicted relative humidity structure the high-resolution variability from cloud profiles. Results are presented for tropical ice clouds over the ocean: based on the coefficient of determination (with respect to the observed relative humidity) and the Continuous Rank Probability Skill Score (with respect to the climatology), we conclude that we are able to successfully predict, at the resolution of cloud measurements, the relative humidity along the whole troposphere, yet ensuring the best possible coherence with the values observed by SAPHIR. By providing a method to generate pseudo-observations of relative humidity (at high spatial resolution) from simultaneous co-located cloud profiles, this work will help revisiting some of the current key barriers in atmospheric science.
Analysis fire patterns and drivers with a global SEVER-FIRE v1.0 model incorporated into dynamic global vegetation model and satellite and on-ground observations
Authors: Venevsky Sergey , Le Page Yannick , Pereira José M. C. , Wu Chao
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Biomass burning is an important environmental process
with a strong influence on vegetation and on the atmospheric composition. It
competes with microbes and herbivores to convert biomass to CO2 and it
is a major contributor of gases and aerosols to the atmosphere. To better
understand and predict global fire occurrence, fire models have been
developed and coupled to dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) and Earth
system models (ESMs). We present SEVER-FIRE v1.0 (Socio-Economic and natural Vegetation
ExpeRimental global fire model version 1.0), which is incorporated into the
SEVER DGVM. One of the major
focuses of SEVER-FIRE is an implementation of pyrogenic behavior of humans
(timing of their activities and their willingness and necessity to ignite or
suppress fire), related to socioeconomic and demographic conditions in a
geographical domain of the model application. Burned areas and emissions from
the SEVER model are compared to the Global Fire Emission Database version 2
(GFED), derived from satellite observations, while number of fires is
compared with regional historical fire statistics. We focus on both the model
output accuracy and its assumptions regarding fire drivers and perform (1) an
evaluation of the predicted spatial and temporal patterns, focusing on fire
incidence, seasonality and interannual variability; (2) analysis to evaluate
the assumptions concerning the etiology, or causation, of fire, including
climatic and anthropogenic drivers, as well as the type and amount of
vegetation. SEVER reproduces the main features of climate-driven interannual fire
variability at a regional scale, for example the large fires associated with the
1997–1998 El Niño event in Indonesia and Central and South America, which had
critical ecological and atmospheric impacts. Spatial and seasonal patterns
of fire incidence reveal some model inaccuracies, and we discuss the
implications of the distribution of vegetation types inferred by the DGVM
and of assumed proxies of human fire practices. We further suggest possible
development directions to enable such models to better project future fire
activity.
Shear failure of weak snow layers in the first hours after burial
Authors: Reuter Benjamin , Calonne Neige , Adams Ed
Published: January 2019

Abstract. In a dry stratified snowcover slab avalanches release following failure in a weak layer below the slab. Typically, such weak layers consist either of persistent grain types or precipitation particles. Experience suggests that non-persistent instabilities often crest during or towards the end of a storm – probably because weak layers of precipitation particles strengthen rapidly. Studies so far have mainly focused on persistent grain types providing only sparse data to describe non-persistent weak layer failure. To understand differences between persistent and non-persistent weak layers we measured fracture mechanical properties relevant for avalanche release in a temporal series of laboratory tests. At defined lag times we tested small layered samples containing a weak layer of surface hoar, facets or decomposing fragmented particles in shear. Highspeed frames from the failure zone and image correlation analysis confirm that weak layers concentrate the shear strain. Failure consistently occurred after 20–30 % of strain energy was dissipated – despite shear strain rates as high 10−2 s−1. Our results of shear modulus and shear fracture toughness compare well with published data. The values for surface hoar and decomposing fragmented particles increased due to sintering. In the first hours after burial both weak layers had similarly low values, indicating they are equally fragile. Only for surface hoar and decomposing fragmented particles could we calibrate a formulation which allows for estimating the shear modulus from SMP signals.
Identifying e-books authored by faculty: a method for scoping the digital collection and curating a list
Authors: Sugrim Sonali , Schimming Laura , Halevi Gali
Published: January 2019

Electronic books are a substantial component of many academic libraries. Many libraries aim to make their collections easily discoverable through curated lists. The authors’ library devised a methodology to identify and flag all e-books authored by our institution’s faculty using MARCEdit and Microsoft Access. We highlight some of the challenges in gathering a comprehensive list of titles, the process of formulating such a list, and the measures needed to actively curate e-books by faculty for both content already in the collection and newly published titles.
(De)formação da individualidade e (in)disposição para a violência: pressupostos subjetivos e objetivos
Authors: César Souza Luís
Published: January 2019

As reflexões aqui desenvolvidas buscam analisar como a constituição do Eu a partir da relação entre indivíduo e cultura, portanto considerando aspectos subjetivos e objetivos, pode resultar em renúncia ou disposição ao comportamento violento. Por meio de pressupostos da teoria crítica frankfurtiana, especialmente em H. Marcuse, T. W. Adorno e M. Horkheimer, parte-se da análise freudiana sobre a importância da autoridade do “pai” no seio da família nuclear para a constituição do Eu, porém, procura-se atualizar essa discussão e indagar se as condições objetivas de existência na atualidade, na era das sociedades administradas e tecnológicas, não estariam levando à (de)formação de uma individualidade mais disponível para aderir e praticar violência.
Reflexiones en torno a la sociedad, violencia y educación
Authors: Vázquez Martínez Marisa , Pérez Tarrés Alicia , Maria Cantera Espinosa Leonor , Pereira da Silva Joilson
Published: January 2019

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre la necesidad imperiosa de cuestionar aquellosaspectos propios de una sociedad patriarcal como espacio de relación de los y lasadolescentes. Fruto del trabajo de las investigaciones cualitativas que venimosdesarrollando, se detecta la persistencia de un sistema patriarcal que dificulta el desarrollode relaciones igualitarias. Se hace pues, necesario, conocer esta realidad para así plantearpropuestas educativas que favorezcan el crecimiento de los niños y niñas en modelos derelación igualitarios.
How and where? The violence against woman with disabilities in Portugal
Authors: Veloso da Veiga Carlos , Campos Pinto Paula , Da Conceição Quinteiro Maria
Published: January 2019

This paper addresses the issue of violence against women with disabilities in Portugal. It draws from the reports of 28 women with all types of disabilities about the ill treatment and discrimination that they experienced, over the last five years. We identified the various types of violence these women had faced (Physical, sexual, psychological, economic, institutional, bullying at work and symbolic) and the places where it occur (Public transport, family, workplace, school and training organizations, health organizations, social space in general). Dependency emerges as the key driver of the conflicts and ill treatment that generated the most serious forms of violence and the humiliations that were perpetrated against these women.
A PRÁTICA DO BOM PROFESSOR NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL: UMA ANÁLISE NA PERSPECTIVA DE ACADÊMICOS DO CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Paixão Jairo Antônio , Souza Ederley Emanuel , Sousa Jefferson Teixeira , Della Lucia Emanuel Mattos
Published: January 2019

O estudo analisou a prática pedagógica do professor no ensino superior considerado bom professor na perspectiva de acadêmicos de um  curso de licenciatura em Educação Física. A partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa em que foi utilizado um questionário estruturado na escala Likert de 5 pontos, com 53 acadêmicos que se encontravam matriculados no último ano do curso, foi possível inferir que as boas práticas pedagógicas decorrem ancoradas numa perspectiva crítica de ensino, em que se inserem as dimensões técnica, político-social e humana no processo ensino aprendizagem ao longo da formação inicial dos futuros professores em questão. Em suma, o conceito valorativo de bom professor decorre de fatores percebidos na prática pedagógica do professor ao longo de sua trajetória profissional.
EFEITOS DO SEXO E POSIÇÃO DE JOGO NA APTIDÃO FÍSICA DE COMPETIDORES AMADORES DE RUGBY UNION
Authors: Müller Camila Borges , Pinheiro Eraldo Dos Santos , Soares Tairã Gonçalves , Del Vecchio Fabricio Boscolo
Published: January 2019

Objetivou-se mensurar e correlacionar variáveis antropométricas e de aptidão física de jogadores de rugby union (RU), segundo sexo e posição de jogo. 58 jogadores de RU (34 homens e 24 mulheres) foram envolvidos. Aferiram-se estatura (EST), massa corporal (MC), potência de membros inferiores (SJ e CMJ), velocidade de sprint de 10m (S10) e 20m (S20), potência anaeróbia (RAST), e resistência anaeróbia (M5). Entre homens, houve diferenças significativas entre posições em EST, MC, SJ, CMJ, S10 e S20, potência de pico, potência relativa à massa corporal e velocidade do RAST. No feminino, apenas MC variou entre posições. Observaram-se correlações entre S10 e potência média (PM) no masculino, e entre EST e S20, MC e PM, e MC e IF no feminino. Conclui-se que as diferenças na aptidão física entre posições são mais visíveis nos homens, e jogadores da posição backs são mais baixos, leves, rápidos e potentes.
SOBRE A MONOCULTURA ESPORTIVA NO ENSINO DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NA ESCOLA
Authors: Araújo Samuel Nascimento de , Rocha Leandro Oliveira , Bossle Fabiano
Published: January 2019

A partir de uma etnografia onde visamos compreender o processo de seleção dos conteúdos de três professores de Educação Física de uma escola pública gaúcha, emergem de maneira significativa o fenômeno do esporte na escola. A etnografia foi realizada em um ano letivo inteiro, de intensificada observação participante, registros em diário de campo, diálogos, entrevistas e análise de documentos. Identificamos a hegemonia de um modelo esportivista que privilegia o acesso de determinados grupos, destacando-se a formação de equipes e a representatividade da escola em eventos e a manifestação monocultural do futsal. Trata-se de uma seleção onde os estudantes, de forma arbitrária definem uma modalidade, a partir de seu gosto, e que é legitimada pelos professores, escola e comunidade.
PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA PARA A EDUCAÇÃO INTEGRAL EM TEMPO INTEGRAL
Authors: Balbino Solange Izabel , Urt Sônia Da Cunha
Published: January 2019

Este estudo busca entender o olhar do professor de Educação Física para sua prática pedagógica e o desenvolvimento do trabalho docente em uma escola de tempo integral. O objetivo é compreender o lugar da Educação Física nas escolas de educação integral em tempo integral. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da entrevista-narrativa e, em seguida, passamos à uma análise microgenética sob a perspectiva da Teoria Histórico-cultural. Quanto ao tema, compreendemos que a prática do professor está comprometida com a formação integral do aluno e com a qualidade do tempo ampliado na escola. Contudo, entendemos que, ainda, falta aos sistemas de gestão escolar uma concepção ubíqua da educação integral e da ampliação da jornada diária dos alunos.
‘Gracious intentions’: Church, Government, and Colonial Crisis
Authors: Forsaith Peter S.
Published: January 2019

This article examines the content, context, and implications of two letters of 1774 among the papers of the second Earl of Dartmouth, one from Revd John Fletcher, vicar of Madeley, Shropshire, the other from Thomas Rankin, a Methodist itinerant preacher in America (in which he mentioned Fletcher). The central issue is the nature of the preferment, which Lord Dartmouth seems to have offered to Fletcher. In turn this raises issues around the relationship between the national church in England and the Methodist movement, and also ecclesiastical aspects of the growing political crisis in North America, on the verge of revolution.
Differential object marking in sign languages
Authors: Börstell Carl
Published: January 2019

Sign languages are sometimes claimed to lack argument marking, yet they exhibit many devices to track and disambiguate referents. In this paper, I will argue that there are devices found across sign languages that demonstrate how object marking is a prevalent property and that these devices show clear parallels to differential object marking (DOM) as described for spoken languages. This includes animacy/prominence effects on word order and verbal modification, as well as dedicated object markers used exclusively with [+human] objects. Thus, I propose that DOM phenomena need to be taken into account in any future research on sign language structure, but also that sign languages should be accounted for in typological work on DOM.
Factors Affecting Students Attraction Towards Jordanian University
Authors: Al-Dajani Dima Musa , Alsamydai Mahmood Jasim
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the attraction of students’ selection of Jordanian universities. For this purpose a model has been designed to test these factors. The model is divided into seven dimensions including: university’s attributes, economic factors, Geographic factors, reference groups and marketing communication, Attraction and Selection University.Seven hypotheses were developed based on the dimensions of the study as well as the relevant literature to achieve this aim, the researchers used a convenience sampling technique. A total of (321) respondents completed the research questionnaire, which distributed in (6) private universities which located in Amman. The distributed questionnaire consists of (35) questions that measured using a 5 points liker scale.The collected data were analyzed by using spas for descriptive statistic and amours analysis to assess the structural and measurement model for the proposed study model.The findings indicated that is an impact of all factors on the attraction of students for selection universities.Also, the findings showed the complementary partial role of attraction between the study factors and students' selection for universities.
THE LONG-TIME EFFECTS OF GROUP THERAPY INTERVENTION ON MARRIAGE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN FLUENT AND NON-FLUENT APHASIC PATIENTS AND THEIR SPOUSES: WHO BENEFITS THE MOST?
Authors: Orłowska Edyta , Rasmus Anna , Góral-Półrola Jolanta , Morga Rafał , Pąchalska Maria
Published: January 2019

Our study aims to assess the long-time effects of group therapy intervention on marriage communication between fluent and non-fluent aphasic patients and their spouses.

From the initial cohort of 150 couples four experimental groups have been selected, each comprising 20 subjects: (1) patients with fluent aphasia (FAP) (2) patients with fluent aphasia spouses (FAPS) (3) patients with non-fluent aphasia (NFAP) (4) patients with non-fluent aphasia spouses (NFAPS). All aphasic patients had mild or moderate fluent or nonfluent aphasia, as confirmed by the Cracow Neuropsychological Battery for Aphasia Examination – CNBA (Pąchalska, 1999). To assess the 3 aspects of interactions between spouses: support, engagement and depreciation we use the Communication in Marriage Questionnaire – KKM scores (Kaźmierczak, Plopa, 2008). These patients attended the groups sessions administered according to Pąchalska’s Model of Aphasia Group Therapy (1991a; 1991b) .

It was found that after the long-time group intervention the experimental and the control groups of aphasic patients as well as their spouses differ one from another. NFAP as well as FAP therapy patients had higher KKM scores in the support received from their spouses and their spouses engagement in communication and lower scores in depreciation in their spouses’ behavior than did the controls. Also NFAPS evaluated support and engagement expressed by their aphasic partner higher than the control group. However FAPS and the control group KKM scores were quite similar, except for the support expressed by their aphasic partner.

Long-time group therapy for patients with aphasia with the presence of caregivers not only improves the communication with significant others but also it is associated with better marital interactions and communication after therapy as reflected in the KKM scores than in the case of the controls, and improves the patient’s and caregivers’ perception of quality of life.
PAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPTIMISM LEVELS AMONG OFFICE WORKERS WITH CERVICAL SPINE COMPLAINTS
Authors: Wilczyńska Dominika , Dornowski Marcin , Zasadna Anna
Published: January 2019

Coping with pain plays a very important role in human life and it may differ depending on the personality characteristics of patients such as their level of optimism. The aim of this study was therefore to determine whether the coping strategies for to cervical spine pain amongof office workers were determined by gender, the locus of pain control orand an optimistic attributional style.

30 office workers (Females = 15, Males = 15) took part in the experiment. The age of the participants was for females (M and for =43; SD=5.,9) and for males (M=44.,9; SD=4.,9. The subjects were asked to fill out 4 questionnaires: (CSQ), (BPCQ), (ASQ), a 10-grade visual analogue scale (VAS) and an original questionnaire.

The study revealed that most of the office workers declare the ability to copeing with pain. Women were significantly more focused on emotions as a pain coping strategy than were the males participants. It was also shown that the internal locus of pain control significantly correlates with coping focused on problem solving. Participants characterized by anwith optimistic attributableional style used task oriented strategies more often than did the pessimists. There were no significant differences in the level of perceived pain between optimists and pessimists.

It was foundind that there are statistically significant differences in coping with pain coping according to gender. Women were significantly more focused on emotions as a pain coping strategy than were the males participants. A high level of optimism may have a significant impact on the reduction of emotion - oriented strategies such as catastrophising by switching on more beneficial strategies to cope with pain by the individual. There are no significant differences in the level of perceived pain between pessimists and optimists.
Fulfi llment of selected functions of the family and young adolescents’ styles of coping
with diffi cult situations
Authors: Wirkus Łukasz , Babicka-Wirkus Anna
Published: January 2019

The modern family undergoes considerable social and cultural transformations, which results in an accumulation of problems in its internal functioning, and is relevant for the individual and social development of its members. The article describes the issue of fulfi lling the socialization and educational function as well as emotional and expressive function in complete and broken families, and their signifi cance for choosing the style of coping with diffi cult situations by young adults. The study included 233 people in the 16–24 age group. Based on the analyzes carried out, it was found that people growing up in complete families use the style focused on task and emotions more frequently, whereas respondents from broken families prefer the style focused on emotions and engaging in substitutive activities. There are differences between gender and age of people from complete and broken families, and the style of coping with problems they choose. The results of the research discussed in the article may be useful in educational and preventive practice.
Self-evaluation of Trunk Aesthetics in Conservatively Treated Children and Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Lendzion Maciej , Łukaszewicz Ewa , Waś Jakub , Czaprowski Dariusz
Published: January 2019

Background. Trunk deformity is an important manifestation of idiopathic scoliosis (IS). Patients’ perception of spinal deformity and its impact on their quality of life (QoL) are important aspects of scoliosis treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between radiographic parameters (Cobb angle), clinical parameters (angle of trunk rotation, ATR), and the type of conservative treatment used vs the perception of trunk aesthetics as well as QoL in IS patients.
Material and methods. The study enrolled 90 subjects (68 females, 22 males) diagnosed with IS (age: 9-18 years, 14.3± 2.1; Cobb angle 10-66°, 22.2°±12.2; ATR 2-20°, 7.6°±3.9). The study group was divided into (1) patients treated with bracing and physiotherapy (n=35) and (2) subjects undergoing physiotherapy alone (n=55). The perception of trunk deformity was analysed with the TAPS visual scale. QoL was measured with the Polish version of the SRS-22 questionnaire.
Results. The study showed that the patients’ perception of their trunk aesthetics significantly worsened with increasing Cobb angle (TAPS, rS= -0.327, p<0.01) and ATR (TAPS, rS= -0.228, p<0.05) values. Moreover, higher ATR values sig­ni­ficantly decreased the patients’ QoL (SRS-22, rS= -0.232, p<0.05). Bracing significantly worsened the patients’ perception of aesthetics and QoL (TAPS, 3.2±0.8 vs 3.8±0.6, p<0.05; SRS-22, 3.9±0.4 vs 4.0±0.4, p<0.05 for patients treated with bracing and physiotherapy alone, respectively).
Conclusions. 1. The magnitude of scoliosis, angle of trunk rotation, and bracing leads to worsen perception of trunk aesthetics and quality of life. 2. The curvature angle, angle of trunk rotation, brac­ing, female sex, and age are all associated with a worse perception of trunk aesthetics and quality of life. Self-evaluation of trunk aesthetics and qua­lity of life do not depend on the type of scoliosis. 3. In planning the management of idiopathic sco­lio­sis, one should take into account the impact of spi­nal deformity on worse patient-rated body aes­thetics.
THE ROLE OF ADIABATIC SHEAR BANDS EFFECT IN PENETRATION PROCESS
Authors: Magier Mariusz
Published: January 2019

The phenomenon of creation of adiabatic shear bands occurring at extreme strains of investigated material is analysed in the paper. The effects of penetration for projectiles made of depleted uranium and tungsten sinters were compared to analyse an influence of the adiabatic shear bands into the process of penetration and to show some possibilities for structural modification of tungsten sinters increasing the penetration capabilities. The comparative analyses were conducted on the base of literature review.
INTERNAL BALLISTICS OF CLASSIC GUN WITH COMPOSITE CHARGE
Authors: Radomski Marek
Published: January 2019

The paper presents a lumped parameter mathematical model considering the changes of thermodynamic properties for combustion products of a composite propelling charge, and of a burning cartridge casing or shell as well, when shot with classic guns. In addition a method was proposed for considering not coincidental instants of ignition for particular components of the charge and also for powder grains of each component, and the heat flow into the walls containing the space with combustion products. Some results of numerical computations are shown for 125 mm 2A46 tank gun firing a hard core projectile. Moreover an evaluation of accuracy of the results is given on the basis of experimental data. Maximum pressure and muzzle velocity were basic criteria at the verification of the model. Analysis of accuracy for solutions of model equations allows a conclusion that the proposed mathematical model may be useful at the designing process of ammunition and guns.
The role of hand dominance in padel: performance profiles of professional players
Authors: Courel-Ibáñez Javier , Sánchez Alcaraz-Martínez Bernardino Javier
Published: January 2019

Profiling methods allow coaches to determine players’ profiles for designing training programs as specific as possible to maximize performance. We aimed to define the distinctive performance profiles for professional padel players according to technical, spatial, effectiveness and hand dominance characteristics. A multivariate decision tree approach was used to identify and classify players’ profiles. Hand dominance comparison revealed a similar technical game pattern along the match (p = 0.330) but different effectiveness rates (p = 0.012). Left-handed scored more points using smashes (63.3 % vs. 40.7 %) but made more errors using the wall (37.7 % vs. 19.5 %); right-handed secured the ball with fewer errors (11.2 % vs. 8.2 %) and more continuity actions (84.9 % vs. 79.9 %). According to these findings, the hand dominance has an important role in players’ game style and effectiveness. These differences should be taken into account for designing optimal training programs in padel.
Blood Pressure Responses in Isokinetic Dynamometry Test in Elderly Community Women: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Letieri Rubens Vinícius , Furtado Guilherme Eustáquio , Rieping Taís , Farias Mayrhon José Abrantes , Teixeira Ana Maria Miranda Botelho
Published: January 2019

The aim of the study was to verify the systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure response in elderly women during isokinetic test. The study included 54 females (68.8 ± 5.9 years) divided into two age groups (Group 1: 60 to 70 and group 2: above 71 years). BP was measured before and immediately after the isokinetic knee extension / flexion test in the concentric-concentric mode. After the test, significant elevations were observed in relation to the pre-test in SBP (G1: Δ% = 29.7%, G2: Δ% = 20.6%, p <.01, respectively) and in MAP (G1: Δ% = 7.6 %, G2: Δ% = 8.4%, p <.01, respectively). The use of isokinetic tests produces elevations in systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in elderly women. Increases occur independently of the age group studied. However, the increases detected do not appear to be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a health hazard whereby isokinetic tests can be safely applied in this population.
Türkiye Hayvancılık Sektöründe e-Ticaret Engelleri / E-Commerce Barriers in Turkish Livestock Sector
Authors: Aksu Murat , Gürbüz Ahmet
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Electronic commerce (e-commerce); computer, or a device that may be able to perform the same function, and products produced with the help of internet networks, advertising, sales, payment and after-sales service activities. However, the rate of use of e-commerce is not at expected levels for almost every sector and company. Livestock; the economic value of animals, the use of various forms of marketing and marketing. According to TUIK data, the number of bovine animals is approximately 16 million, the number of small ruminants is 45 million, and the number of poultry is 350 million for 2017 year. When you look at the size of the figures, it is a problem that the livestock sector does not spread even though it forms a market large enough for e-commerce.

The study was conducted to investigate the reasons for not using the e-commerce system of farmers engaged in animal husbandry in Tokat province and e-commerce hurdles were measured with 20 variables. The research was carried out on 310 animal owners in Tokat province, who voluntarily participated in the face-to-face survey. In the study, factor analysis was conducted to determine the groups of e-commerce hurdles. Whether e-commerce barriers differ according to demographic variables such as education level and number of animals is examined and results and suggestions are presented in the direction of the findings obtained.

Öz

Elektronik ticaret (e-ticaret); bilgisayar veya aynı işlevi görebilecek bir aygıt ve internet ağları yardımıyla üretilen ürünlerin tanıtılması ve reklamının yapılması, satılması, ödeme ve satış sonrası hizmet faaliyetleri olarak tanımlanabilir. Ancak hemen hemen her sektör ve işletme için avantaj oluşturacağı düşünülen e-ticaretin kullanım oranı beklenen seviyelerde değildir. Hayvancılık; ekonomik değeri olan hayvanların yetiştirilmesi, çeşitli şekillerde yararlanılması ve pazarlanması durumudur. TÜİK verilerine bakıldığında 2017 yılı için büyükbaş hayvan sayısı yaklaşık 16 milyon civarı, küçükbaş hayvan sayısı 45 milyon civarı, kümes hayvanı sayısı ise 350 milyon civarıdır.  Rakamların büyüklüğüne bakıldığında hayvancılık sektörünün e-ticaret için yeterli büyüklükte bir pazar oluşturmasına rağmen yaygınlaşmaması bir sorunsaldır.

Çalışmada Tokat ilinde hayvancılıkla uğraşan çiftçilerin e-ticaret sistemini kullanmama sebepleri araştırılmış ve e-ticaret engelleri 20 değişken ile ölçülmüştür. Araştırma, yüz yüze anket yöntemiyle katılımı gönüllü olarak kabul eden, Tokat ilinde bulunan 310 hayvan sahibine yapılmıştır. Çalışmada e-ticaret engellerinin guruplarını saptamak için faktör analizi yapılmıştır. E-ticaret engellerinin eğitim durumu ve hayvan sayısı gibi demografik değişkenlere göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığına bakılmış ve elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda sonuç ve öneriler sunulmuştur. 
Phylogeny of Paleozoic limbed vertebrates reassessed through revision and expansion of the largest published relevant data matrix
Authors: Marjanović David , Laurin Michel
Published: January 2019

The largest published phylogenetic analysis of early limbed vertebrates (Ruta M, Coates MI. 2007.Journal of Systematic Palaeontology5:69–122) recovered, for example, Seymouriamorpha, Diadectomorpha and (in some trees) Caudata as paraphyletic and found the “temnospondyl hypothesis” on the origin of Lissamphibia (TH) to be more parsimonious than the “lepospondyl hypothesis” (LH)—though only, as we show, by one step. We report 4,200 misscored cells, over half of them due to typographic and similar accidental errors. Further, some characters were duplicated; some had only one described state; for one, most taxa were scored after presumed relatives. Even potentially continuous characters were unordered, the effects of ontogeny were not sufficiently taken into account, and data published after 2001 were mostly excluded. After these issues are improved—we document and justify all changes to the matrix—but no characters are added, we find (Analysis R1) much longer trees with, for example, monophyletic Caudata, Diadectomorpha and (in some trees) Seymouriamorpha;Ichthyostegaeither crownward or rootward ofAcanthostega; and Anthracosauria either crownward or rootward of Temnospondyli. The LH is nine steps shorter than the TH (R2; constrained) and 12 steps shorter than the “polyphyly hypothesis” (PH—R3; constrained).Brachydectes(Lysorophia) is not found next to Lissamphibia; instead, a large clade that includes the adelogyrinids, urocordylid “nectrideans” and aïstopods occupies that position. As expected from the taxon/character ratio, most bootstrap values are low. Adding 56 terminal taxa to the original 102 increases the resolution (and decreases most bootstrap values). The added taxa range in completeness from complete articulated skeletons to an incomplete lower jaw. Even though the lissamphibian-like temnospondylsGerobatrachus,MicropholisandTungussogyrinusand the extremely peramorphic salamanderChelotritonare added, the difference between LH (R4; unconstrained) and TH (R5) rises to 10 steps, that between LH and PH (R6) to 15; the TH also requires several more regains of lost bones than the LH.Casineria, in which we tentatively identify a postbranchial lamina, emerges rather far from amniote origins in a gephyrostegid-chroniosuchian grade. Bayesian inference (Analysis EB, settings as in R4) mostly agrees with R4. High posterior probabilities are found for Lissamphibia (1.00) and the LH (0.92); however, many branches remain weakly supported, and most are short, as expected from the small character sample. We discuss phylogeny, approaches to coding, methods of phylogenetics (Bayesian inference vs. equally weighted vs. reweighted parsimony), some character complexes (e.g. preaxial/postaxial polarity in limb development), and prospects for further improvement of this matrix. Even in its revised state, the matrix cannot provide a robust assessment of the phylogeny of early limbed vertebrates. Sufficient improvement will be laborious—but not difficult.
Rate of positive depression screenings among Marshallese patients with diabetes in Northwest Arkansas
Authors: Seaton Victoria A. , Dickey Tiffany A. , Balli Michelle L. , Briggs Bradley E. , Baker Jessicca D. , Hudson Jonell S.
Published: January 2019

Introduction

The lifetime risk of developing depression is 16.6%, however the risk is 2-fold in patients with diabetes. The rate of diabetes is much higher for the Marshallese than the general US population, with a prevalence ranging from 25% to 50%, however the prevalence of depression is not well defined among this minority group. The primary objective of this study was to obtain the rate of positive depression screenings, using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), among adult Marshallese patients with diabetes.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed for Marshallese adults receiving care in a student-led clinic in Northwest Arkansas. Marshallese adults with a documented PHQ-2 score and a diagnosis of type 1 or 2 diabetes, as outlined by the American Diabetes Association, were included. Demographic information was obtained from the medical records. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results

The study included 96 patients. Ten patients scored a 3 or higher on the PHQ-2, indicating a positive screen. Of these, scores ranged from 3 to 6, with the majority of patients scoring 4 (N = 6). The average hemoglobin A1C for patients with a positive PHQ-2 score was 10.5%.

Discussion

This project identified a rate of 10.4% of patients with a positive PHQ-2 from the study sample. This finding is similar to the prevalence of depression for the general US population, however it is lower than rates cited in the literature for patients diagnosed with diabetes. Future studies should use Native Marshallese community health workers and focus groups to develop a multistep approach to obtain a culturally appropriate, translated tool with high sensitivity for patient response.
Errors in medicinal therapy and the consequences for nursing / Erros na terapia medicamentosa e as consequências para a enfermagem
Authors: Morrudo Garcia Eduarda De Quadros , De Figueiredo Paula Pereira , Da Silveira Rosemary Silva , Tomaschewski Barlem Jamila Geri , De Oliveira Suelen Gonçalves , Ramos Francine Carpes
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: identificar as consequências dos erros na terapia medicamentosa sob a ótica da equipe de enfermagem. Método: pesquisa descritivo-exploratória de caráter transversal com abordagem qualitativa, realizada junto a quatro enfermeiros, três auxiliares e 19 técnicos de enfermagem. Coleta de dados mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas analisadas por meio da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: as consequências dos erros foram consideradas negativas nos casos de demissões, troca de setor, impacto emocional/moral. Entretanto, desmitificou-se que erros trazem somente consequências negativas, pois situações como o diálogo, oferta de educação permanente, autocrítica do trabalhador e melhor atenção no preparo/administração dos medicamentos exemplificaram que o erro pode reverter-se para a melhoria das práticas de cuidado. Conclusão: os resultados deste estudo poderão encorajar a implementação de uma cultura de segurança mais consistente nas instituições de saúde, não personificando o erro a quem o cometeu diretamente.
Permanent education and health management: a conception of nurses / Educação permanente e gestão em saúde: a concepção de enfermeiros
Authors: Rossetti Luciana Teixeira , Seixas Clarissa Terenzi , Castro Edna Aparecida Barbosa de , Friedrich Denise Barbosa de Castro
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: analisar a compreensão de enfermeiros sobre a Educação Permanente em Saúde como ferramenta de gestão. Métodos: investigação qualitativa realizada com o aporte teórico-metodológico da hermenêutica-dialética. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas com 14 enfermeiros. Resultados: a maioria dos enfermeiros relata compreender a importância da Educação Permanente em Saúde como ferramenta de gestão, mas demonstra uma visão incipiente desta ao descrever práticas educativas como atividades de transmissão do conhecimento pontuais, geralmente direcionadas a um grupo profissional específico e com temáticas definidas à partir de necessidades gestoras. Conclusão: a Educação Permanente em Saúde, entendida como questionamento permanente e compartilhado do processo de trabalho, com vistas à transformação das práticas em saúde, é uma potente ferramenta para a mudança no cotidiano dos serviços, assim como na gestão do Sistema Único de Saúde.
Profile of cytopathologic exams collected in a family health strategy / Perfil de exames citopatológicos coletados em estratégia de saúde da família
Authors: Dias Carolline Fredes , Micheletti Vania Celina Dezoti , Fronza Edegar , Alves Juliana Da Silva , Attademo Carolinne Vargas , Strapasson Márcia Rejane
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil dos exames citopatológicos coletados em um serviço de Estratégia da Saúde da Família (ESF) na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre-RS. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo retrospectivo, realizado em um serviço de ESF na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre-RS. A amostra foi composta de 201 prontuários com laudos de exames de mulheres que realizaram o exame de câncer do colo do útero no período de janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2015. Os dados foram analisados no programa SPSS versão 21.0. Os resultados dos exames citopatológicos foram classificados de acordo com o sistema de Bethesda, 2001. Resultados: 3% tiveram resultados dentro dos limites da normalidade e 95% dos laudos registraram células atípicas de significado indeterminado, possivelmente não neoplásicas escamosas (ASC-US) e glandulares (AGUS) e 2% das mulheres apresentaram neoplasia. Conclusão: Sugere-se implantar estratégias para qualificação do processo de coleta e análise laboratorial de material citopatológico, garantindo segurança diagnóstica.
The level of stress of nurses in the intensive care unit / O nível de estresse dos enfermeiros na unidade de terapia intensiva
Authors: Zavalis Andrea , Paula Vanessa Galdino de , Machado Daniel Aragão , Marta Cristiano Bertolossi , Junior Eugenio Fuentes Perez , Santiago Luiz Carlos
Published: January 2019

Objetivos: Verificar o nível de estresse nos enfermeiros que atuam em unidade de terapia intensiva, e identificar as atividades do trabalho que são mais estressantes. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, exploratório e descritivo, realizado em um Hospital Universitário da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os participantes foram 25 enfermeiros que prestam assistência direta aos pacientes críticos na unidade de terapia intensiva. O instrumento utilizado na mensuração foi a Escala Bianchi de Stress. Resultados: A análise dos 51 itens relacionados as atividades de trabalho resultou em um nível baixo de estresse, entre os profissionais de enfermagem. A análise dos domínios demonstrou nível médio de estresse referente as condições de trabalho para o desempenho do enfermeiro e assistência de enfermagem prestada ao paciente. Conclusão: Conclui-se que as condições de trabalho contribuem para um maior nível de estresse. Faz-se necessária realização de novas pesquisas acerca das condições de trabalho e suas relações com o estresse.
A novel CPT1C variant causes pure hereditary spastic paraplegia with benign clinical course
Authors: Hong Daojun , Cong Lu , Zhong Shanshan , Liu Ling , Xu Yan , Zhang Jun
Published: January 2019

Hereditary spastic paraplegia 73 (SPG73) was currently identified in only one family with variant in the neuronal isoform of carnitine palmitoyl‐transferase 1C (CPT1C) gene. We described a new family, in which affected individuals exhibited pure hereditary spastic paraplegia with benign clinical course. Exome sequencing revealed a novel nonsense variant in the CPT1C gene. The level of CPT1C mutant transcript significantly decreased compared to that of wild‐type transcript, and can be recovered after cycloheximide administration, which indicated that nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay was a mechanism that might be responsible for the phenotype. Our findings expanded the clinical and genetic spectrum of SPG73.
Mechanical Metamaterials and Their Engineering Applications
Authors: Surjadi James Utama , Gao Libo , Du Huifeng , Li Xiang , Xiong Xiang , Fang Nicholas Xuanlai , Lu Yang
Published: January 2019

In the past decade, mechanical metamaterials have garnered increasing attention owing to its novel design principles which combine the concept of hierarchical architecture with material size effects at micro/nanoscale. This strategy is demonstrated to exhibit superior mechanical performance that allows us to colonize unexplored regions in the material property space, including ultrahigh strength‐to‐density ratios, extraordinary resilience, and energy absorption capabilities with brittle constituents. In the recent years, metamaterials with unprecedented mechanical behaviors such as negative Poisson's ratio, twisting under uniaxial forces, and negative thermal expansion are also realized. This paves a new pathway for a wide variety of multifunctional applications, for example, in energy storage, biomedical, acoustics, photonics, and thermal management. Herein, the fundamental scientific theories behind this class of novel metamaterials, along with their fabrication techniques and potential engineering applications beyond mechanics are reviewed. Explored examples include the recent progresses for both mechanical and functional applications. Finally, the current challenges and future developments in this emerging field is discussed as well.
Tungsten‐Doping‐Induced Surface Reconstruction of Porous Ternary Pt‐Based Alloy Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Tu Wenzhe , Chen Kai , Zhu Lujun , Zai Huachao , E Bin , Ke Xiaoxing , Chen Changfeng , Sui Manling , Chen Qi , Li Yujing
Published: January 2019

Surface engineering has been found to be effective in promoting the catalytic activities of noble‐metal‐based nanocatalysts. In this contribution, by using the PtCuxNi ternary alloy nanocrystal (NC) as the model catalyst, a surface tungsten(W)‐doping strategy, combining a surface oxidative acid treatment protocol, can effectively boost the electrocatalytic activities of the NCs in oxygen reduction reaction. The W‐doped PtCuxNi alloy catalysts show obvious enhancement in electrochemical surface area and mass activity and slightly enhanced specific activity compared with the undoped catalyst. Based on the experimental evidence, it is proposed that the W doping involves a surface reconstruction by first removing the surface Pt atoms from the NC and then reducing them back to the surface. The existence of surface Ni atoms may be crucial in promoting the catalytic activities possibly through their electronic interactions to the active sites. The durability of the W‐doped PtCuxNi catalysts is also enhanced possibly due to the pinning effect of surface W atoms. Therefore, the surface engineering of PtCuxNi ternary alloy by W atoms can effectively modulate its activity and durability.