bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIMULATION OF PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION AND PSEUDO SPECTRAL ACCELERATION OF PALU EARTHQUAKE SEPTEMBER 28TH 2018
Authors: Nasruroh Amalia , Sunardi Bambang , Hayqal Hiola Muhammad Fikri , Subakti Hendri
Published: May 2021

The devastating earthquake Mw 7.4 hit Palu City, Central Sulawesi on September 28th, 2018, at 17:02:44 WIB. A high tsunami followed it. More than 2000 people died as a result of the earthquake and tsunami disaster. The latest evidence shows that the earthquake was categorized as a rare super shear earthquake. The earthquake shaking that hit Palu City is relatively large. Acceleration data are not available at the study site due to the lack of instrumentation in the area. The Authors present a simulation of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA) due to the earthquake in three locations Tatura Mall, Roa-Roa Hotel, and Antapura Hospital. PGA describes the maximum acceleration on the ground, while pseudo-spectral acceleration describes the acceleration of earthquake shaking from buildings with various floor numbers. Simulation of PGA and PSA to the three sites used three different Ground Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE) functions, BSSA14, CB14, and CY14, with the weighting of each Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) GMPE functions. The results of  PGA simulation is about 0.22-0.23 g and show that in the three study site, it is more vulnerable to spectral acceleration period T=0.3 s or building with three floors or about 1-15 floors. These correlate with the level of damage caused by earthquakes which is more impact to relatively higher buildings.
Acquisition of Agricultural Land by Foreigners and Family Agricultural Holdings in Croatia
Authors: Josipović Tatjana
Published: May 2021

This paper presents two important aspects of the structural transformation of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Croatia. First, there is an analysis of the legal regulation of the acquisition of agricultural land by foreigners by which Croatia has aligned its rules on the acquisition of real property with EU law. In particular, attention is drawn to the differences in the legal position of foreigners depending on whether they are nationals or legal persons of EU Member States or from third countries, as well as on the grounds on which they acquire agricultural land in Croatia. Second, the author points to the new regulation of family agricultural holdings of 2018 (Family Agricultural Holdings Act) and highlights the importance of the separate regulation of family agricultural holdings for the development of Croatian agriculture, particularly with regard to the existing structure of agricultural holdings and the structure of the farm labour force.
Brazilian Environmental Law: An Overlook
Authors: Gomes de Freitas Luciana
Published: May 2021

The article aims to give an overlook on Brazilian law system in the environmental field. It will follow the logic going from the constitutional analysis to under legislation exposition. The main principles of Brazilian environmental law will be given with a short description of how they interconnected with the upper mentioned legislation and the entities’ activities of the National System of the Environment (Sisnama). The final subchapter will give a global view of the executive, deliberative and advisory organs that act on the preservation of a safe and healthy environment in Brazil.
Professional development barriers of young scientists in the gender-differentiated scientific community .
Authors: Shvetsova Anastasia
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of the professional development of women in the academic community and the identification of gender barriers characteristic of the Russian science system. The materials of the integrated applied research (online survey of young Russian scientists, N = 105; in-depth interview of young Russian scientists, N = 20)showed that the development of the personnel potential of science is fraught with difficulties both of a general nature (financial, organizational, moral and ethical), and gender-conditioned, which puts young women scientists in a situation of multiple barriers. Objective gender barriers arise in connection with the reproductive function of women and the resulting double employment, which, in the absence of effective mechanisms of state support, severely limits career opportunities. Cultural barriers are associated with the stereotypical understanding of the binary roles of a man and a woman, which is characteristic of the Russian mentality.
SOME THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF DEFINING THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: Stashevskaya M.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the content of the digital economy, as a result of which it was established that as the basis of such an economy, it is necessary to consider an economic mechanism in which interaction is based on digital technologies. Such technologies operate using a variety of data, the volume of which inevitably increases with technological progress. Considerable diversity is also observed in the types of economic activities where such data and information are applied.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF FORMING A SINGLE INFORMATION SPACE
Authors: Yakushenka K.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the process of forming a single information space of an integration based on the application of a methodological concept. The essence of concept is a synthesis of economic-system, integration, network, process and institutional approaches. The essential concept of a single information space from an economic point of view is defined and the features of the application of the presented approaches for the purpose of building the economic space of the member States and ensuring the speed, completeness and accuracy of obtaining information in modern economic conditions are highlighted.
INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE GLOBAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SPACE: MECHANISMS OF MANIPULATIVE INFLUENCE AND SYSTEMS OF COGNITIVE PROTECTION
Authors: Kristinevich S.
Published: May 2021

The implementation technologies of power inequalities are actively used by governments of countries that position themselves as guarantors of world order, international clubs and organizations, within the framework of integration associations. Because of this, the practical side of the question is the need to develop “response reactions” and protection mechanisms built into the national security system. The article deals with the existing technology information and psychological impact and justified tactic to delegitimize information influence.
Computing Total Edge Irregularity Strength for Heptagonal Snake Graph and Related Graphs
Authors: Salama Fatma
Published: May 2021

A labeling of edges and vertices of a simple graph 𝐺(𝑉,𝐸) by a mapping Ŧ:𝑉(𝐺) ∪ 𝐸(𝐺)→{ 1,2,3,…,Ћ} provided that any two pair of edges have distinct weights is called an edge irregular total Ћ-labeling. If Ћ is minimum and 𝐺 admits an edge irregular total Ћ -labelling, then Ћ is called the total edge irregularity strength (TEIS) and denoted by 𝑡𝑒𝑠(𝐺). In this paper, the definitions of the heptagonal snake graph HPSn ,the double heptagonal snake graph 𝐷(HPSn) and an 𝑙−multiple heptagonal snake graph 𝐿(HPSn) have been introduced. The exact value of TEISs for the new family has also been investigated.
Comparison of the Shear bonding Strength of ION-Z GIC to a Resin Composite Using Different Adhesive Systems: RCT Study
Authors: Lala Sana , Lazkani Thuraya
Published: May 2021

Background:In restorative dentistry we usually use Sandwich Technique for posterior restorations where GIC is placed below and a resin composite is placed over it. The bonding strength between these two materials are low. We are looking for the best adhesive system to put it in between. We think that the self-etching bond will give the best bonding strength between them whereas total etch will give lower bonding strength than self-etching system. Methods:ION-Z GIC was bonded to resin composite by using two different bonding agents. The thirty specimens used were prepared by using acrylic blocks with holes in each hole to retain the ION-Z GIC. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups:Group I: Control group.Group II: Total-etch adhesive was applied and cured over ION-Z GIC.Group III: Self-etch adhesive was applied and cured.The composite resin placed over the ION-Z GIC and cured. The shear bond strength was measured by shearing of the bonded specimens on Universal Testing Machine (Model 114) using speed of 0.1mm / minute. The reading was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA and Tukey's test.Results:The test showed statistically significant difference between Group III and Group I and between Group III and Group II. Group III had the highest shear bonding strength.Conclusion:Self-etch adhesive agent produces have better shear bond strength to ION-Z than total-etch adhesive and to the group without any bonding agent.
Distortion of a poly-crystalline Al bar in a vice fixture: Molecular dynamics analysis of grain movement and rotation
Authors: Vardanyan Vardan Hoviki , Linke Barbara S , Urbassek Herbert M
Published: May 2021

The deformation of a nano-sized polycrystalline Al bar under the action of vice plates is studied using molec- ular dynamics simulation. Two grain sizes are considered; deformation in the fine-grained sample is mainly caused by grain-boundary processes (sliding and rotation), while dislocation plasticity dominates in the coarse- grained sample. We show that the sample distortion is reflected by the center-of-mass motion of the grains. Grain rotation is responsible for surface roughening after the loading process. While the plastic deformation is caused by the loading process, grain rearrangements under load release also contribute considerably to the final sample distortion.
Mitigating impacts of invasive alien predators on an endangered sea duck amidst high native predation pressure
Authors: Jaatinen Kim , Hermansson Ida , Mohring Bertille , Steele Benjamin B , Öst Markus
Published: May 2021

Invasive species represent a major threat to global biodiversity by causing population declines and extinctions of native species. The negative impacts of introduced predators are well documented, yet a fundamental knowledge gap exists regarding the efficiency of potential mitigation methods to restore the ecosystem. Other understudied aspects concern prey behavioural antipredator responses and the historical context of native predator-prey interactions, which may moderate invasion impacts on native prey. Invasion impacts of American mink (Neovison vison) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) into the Baltic Sea archipelago are poorly understood, and the efficiency of removal efforts as a means to alleviate depredation pressure on native prey is debated. Here, we examine the effectiveness of invasive predator removal on ground-nesting female common eider (Somateria mollissima) mortality, breeding success and breeding propensity over a nine-year period, while controlling for predation risk imposed by the main native predator, the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla). Our results clearly show that intensified removal of American minks and raccoon dogs decreased the number of female eiders killed during nesting, while improving both nesting success and breeding propensity. Such obvious positive effects of invasive predator removal are particularly noteworthy against the backdrop of a soaring eagle population, indicating that the impacts of invasives may become accentuated when native predators differ taxonomically and by hunting mode. This study shows that invasive alien predator removal is a cost-efficient conservation measure clearly aiding native fauna even under severe native predation pressure. Such cost-effective conservation actions call for governmental deployment across large areas.
Image Processing Based Automatic Detection of Asphalt Pavement Rutting Using a Novel Metaheuristic Optimized Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Cao Minh-Tu , Chang Kuan-Tsung , Nguyen Ngoc-Mai , Tran Van-Duc , Tran Xuan-Linh , Hoang Nhat-Duc
Published: May 2021

This study presents a novel computer vision based approach to automatically identify rutting appeared on asphalt pavement of road. The developed model is established base on a hybridization of image processing techniques and an advanced machine learning model with support of a metaheuristic optimization engine. Gabor filter and discrete cosine transform are employed to implement context computation for image data, accordingly generate initially extracted features of rutting and non-rutting. Least Squares Support Vector Classification (LSSVC) is then used to learn categorization of rutting and non-rutting based on the extracted features. The final LSSVC prediction model is constructed via a loop of optimization process which is controlled by a novel metaheuristic optimization algorithm, called forensic-based investigation (FBI), to attain optimal model’s configuration with ultimate prediction accuracy. This study further utilized a dynamic feature selection (FS) method to integrate in the searching loop to appropriately remove redundant features that provide inconsistent information leading to the compromising of model performance. A dataset of 2000 image samples has been collected during field trip of pavement survey in Da Nang city to form and verify the newly developed model. The statistical results of 20 run times using k-fold cross validation method have demonstrated the hybrid model of FBI-LSSVC-FS to achieve the most desired rutting detection performance with classification accuracy rate, precision, recall, and F1 score of 98.9%, 0.994, 0.984 and 0.989, respectively. Hence, this paper contributes to the core body of knowledge a novel AI-based prediction model to assist transportation agencies in the task of periodic asphalt pavement survey.
Water Crisis in Pakistan: A Dynamic CGE-Water Model
Authors: Zeshan Muhammad , Shakeel Muhammad
Published: May 2021

The demand for freshwater is growing rapidly in Pakistan due to rising agricultural cultivation and its intensification. In addition, the fast growing population in the country (almost 2% per annum) and industrial growth are also adding to the rising water demand in the country. Pakistan is expected to face severe water shortage in near future if suitable policy measures are not taken. Around 95% of the freshwater is used by agriculture in Pakistan while the rest is used by the industry and the private households. Therefore, this paper primarily focuses on the irrigation water and how its shortage is going to affect the economic structure of Pakistan. The irrigation water shortage is expected to increase the price of agricultural land temporarily while a permanent increase is expected in the market price of irrigation water. The irrigation water shortage has a direct and an indirect impact on the production of various crops, which ends up in reducing the crop production. Overall, the resulting GDP losses might reach around 3.11–11.07% till 2040 under different water shortage scenarios. Finally, our simulation results show that the welfare losses are expected to be around USD 3.5to 10.9 billion till 2030.
Cryo-EM and cellular dissection uncover versatile PME-1 activities in PP2A holoenzyme demethylation and inhibition
Authors: Xing Yongna , Li Yitong , Rowse Michael , Wu Cheng-Guo , Bravos Anastasia , Ivarsson YIva , Strack Stefan
Published: May 2021

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) methylesterase 1 (PME-1) is cancer-promoting but essential for development, and long-believed to remove carboxymethylation, a central modification, from the common PP2A core enzyme but not diverse holoenzymes that target broad cellular signaling by recognizing specific disordered motifs via regulatory subunits. On the contrary, our biochemical dissection and high-resolution cryo-EM structural analysis of a PP2A-B’ holoenzyme-PME-1 complex reveal that PME-1 disordered motifs, including phosphatase substrate-mimicking motifs, tether to the holoenzyme at remote sites, block its substrate binding, and allow large structural shifts in both holoenzyme and PME-1 to enable multiptle dynamic structured contacts and induce methylesterase activation toward the holoenzyme. PME-1 inhibitor and B’-interface mutations differentially modulate cellular PP2A methylation and allow us to uncover cellular PME-1 functions in AKT-p53 signaling. Our studies demonstrate how dynamic structured cores and disordered motifs create versatile activities and lay a foundation for investigating and targeting multifaceted activities toward broad PP2A complexes in cellular signaling.
Impact of maternal HIV infection on the dynamics of the infant microbiota in the first eighteen months of life
Authors: Grant-Beurmann Silvia , Jumare Jibreel , Ndembi Nicaise , Matthew Olayemi , Shutt Ashley , Omoigberale Augustine , Martin Olivia A , Fraser Claire M , Charurat Man
Published: May 2021

Background: Improved access to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected mothers during pregnancy has resulted in fewer children acquiring HIV peri- and postnatally, which has in turn led to an increase in the number of children who are exposed to the virus but are not infected (HEU). HEU infants have an increased likelihood of childhood infections and adverse growth outcomes, as well as increased mortality compared to their HIV-unexposed (HUU) peers. Methods: Three hundred mother-infant-pairs were followed prenatally to 18 months postpartum (seven time points). Demographic, clinical, feeding, anthropometric and microbiome data were collected at each visit. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between HEU and HUU children and their mothers using Wilcoxon, Fisher’s exact and t tests. Longitudinal comparisons of alpha diversity were performed using univariable and multivariable linear regression. Multivariate association with linear models (MaAsLin2) was used to efficiently determine multivariable association between clinical metadata and microbial meta'omic features. The metabolite levels were compared using two-way repeated measures ANOVA.Results: We observed differences in the composition of maternal stool, vaginal and breast milk microbiota based on HIV status that were associated with differences in the oral and gut microbiota of HEU vs. HUU infants. Our data also demonstrated that the taxonomic composition of the infant gut microbiota differs between HEU and HUU infants for at least 15 months. Several significant correlations were found between breast milk metabolites from HIV-infected and uninfected mothers and bacterial taxa in the infant gut microbiota. Lamivudine, an ART drug, was present at high concentrations in the breast milk of our HIV-infected mothers, and we observed a significant negative correlation between lamivudine levels and the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium breve in HEU infants' gut. The presence of ART drugs in the breast milk of our HIV-infected mothers also correlated with an underweight growth outcome in their infants. Conclusions: Our data suggest that acquisition of an altered gut microbiota from an HIV-infected mother, further exacerbated by differences in breast milk composition between HIV- infected and uninfected mothers, negatively impacts growth and increases the risk of adverse clinical outcomes among HEU.
New ternary water-soluble support from self-assembly of β-cyclodextrin-ionic liquid and an anionic polymer for a dialysis device
Authors: Bouyahya Asmaa , Sembo-Backonly Berthe-Sandra , Favrelle-Huret Audrey , Balieu Sébastien , Guillen Frédéric , Mesnage Valérie , Karakasyan-Dia Carole , Lahcini Mohammed , Cerf Didier Le , Gouhier Géraldine
Published: May 2021

We developed a new hybrid material resulting from an innovative supramolecular tripartite association between an ionic liquid covalently immobilized on primary β-cyclodextrins rim and an anionic water-soluble polymer. Two hydrophilic ternary complexes based on native and permethylated β-cyclodextrins substituted with an ionic liquid and immobilized on poly(styrene sulfonate) (CD-IL+PSS− and CD(OMe)IL+PSS−) were obtained by simple dialysis with a cyclodextrin maximal grafting rate of 25% and 20% on the polymer, respectively. These polyelectrolytes are based on electrostatic interactions between the opposite charges of the imidazolium cation of the ionic liquid and the poly(styrene sulfonate) anion. The inclusion properties of the free cavities of the cyclodextrins and the synergic effect of the polymeric matrix were studied with three reference guests such as phenolphthalein, p-nitrophenol, and 2-anilinonaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid using UV-visible, fluorescent, and NMR spectroscopies. The support has been applied successfully in dialysis device to extract and concentrated aromatic model molecule. This simple and flexible synthetic strategy opens the way to new hybrid materials useful for fast and low-cost ecofriendly extraction techniques relevant for green analytical chemistry.
Changes in Total Body Fat and Body Mass Index among Children with Juvenile Dermatomyositis Treated with High-dose Glucocorticoids
Authors: Khojah Amer , Liu Victoria , Morgan Gabrielle , Shore Richard M. , Pachman Lauren M.
Published: May 2021

Objective

High-dose glucocorticoids (GC) remain the primary therapy to induce remission in Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM). Studies of the natural history of GC associated weight gain in children are very limited, especially in the JDM population. This study aims to measure BMI changes in a cohort of JDM subjects over 60 months and to examine the changes in body composition by DXA.

Methods

We included all subjects with JDM who had five years of follow up data and serial DXA. BMI and total body fat (TBF) percentiles were calculated based on the CDC published percentile charts. To study the natural history of weight gain and TBF, we assessed the data at four-time points (T0 = baseline, T1 > 1.5 years, T2= 1.51-3.49 years, T3 = 3.5-5 years).

Results

96 subjects (78% female, 70% white) were included. Paired T-test showed a significant increase in the mean BMI percentile by 17.5 points (P=0.004) after the initiation of medical treatment, followed by a gradual decrease over the study period. However, the TBF percentile did not change over the study period. TBF in the last visit had a strong correlation with T1 BMI (P <0.001) and muscle weakness Disease Activity Score (P=0.002)

Conclusions

Although the BMI percentile decreased throughout the study, the TBF percentile remained high until the end of the study (60 months). This finding raises the concern that some of the reduction in the BMI percentile could reflect a drop in the lean body mass from muscle wasting rather than actual fat loss.
Redefining NT-proBNP in predicting mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19
Authors: Li Dan , Ni Li , Wang Dao-Wen , Guo Xiaomei
Published: May 2021

NT-proBNP was much lower than the recommended threshold for heart failure in some adult COVID-19 inpatients with poor prognosis. NT-proBNP has different ranges of normal values for different age groups. NT-proBNP levels specific to age, defined as NT-proBNP ratio, were divided into quartiles and measured the hazard ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for in-hospital death of COVID-19 patients. Higher NT-proBNP ratio was directly associated, in a dose-response manner, with a higher risk of all causes in-hospital death in the COVID-19 patients. Our study shows that NT-proBNP ratio is an independent predictor of the risk of in-hospital death of the adult patients with COVID-19. This implies that NT-proBNP levels specific to age in the COVID-19 patietns requires attention of healthcare workers.
Electrochemical redox treatment of denitrification in coastal secondary effluent using Ti/IrO2 anode
Authors: Zhang Yaozong , Pang Bo
Published: May 2021

In northern coastal industrial park, inlet of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) had the characteristics of low carbon source and high chloride ion concentration, which resulted in its poor biodegradability. In this case, the experiment explored an electrochemistral method to remove nitrogen. Cathodic potential, Ti/IrO2 was confirmed as the anode and − 1.6V was taken as the potential in order to remove nitrate-N. The findings include: when the initial chloride ion was 2000 and 3000 mg/L, the effect on the removal difference of nitrogen was slight. When the electrolysis time was 60 min, ammonia-N was removed completely, nitrite-N concentration kept 1mg/L approximately. The ammonia-N removal efficiency went up with the increasing cathodic potential, and was completely removed in different water samples, but nitrate-N removal showed an opposite result. The production amount of nitrite-N was the least at -1.6V. As the pH increased, ammonia-N and nitrate-N’s removal efficiency went up first and then down, the removal effect was the best at pH being 9, Nitrite-N was less influenced by pH. After optimizing the raw water sample, Nitrate-N and TN removal efficiency were significantly increased, but the nitrite-N almost kept constant.
Characterization of Carnivorous Plants Sarracenia Purpurea L. Transformed with Agrobacterium Rhizogenes
Authors: Pilarska Kinga Maria , Panić Manuela , Redovniković Ivana Radojčić , Kwiatkowska Magdalena Wróbel-
Published: May 2021

Carnivorous plant of Sarracenia genus are used by human in folk medicine for centuries. The reason for this phenomenon is biochemical composition of Sarracenia plants, which possess many bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral and antibacterial properties.The subject of this research was genetic transformation of Sarracenia purpurea L. with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain 15834, 9402 and A4 by using two alternatively methods of bacterial injection or co-culture the bacteria with plants explants. These studies confirmed the possibility of hairy roots induction in S. purpurea using the strain of A. rhizogenes 15834 and the injection method. Seven lines of transformed plants, exhibiting the integration of rolB gene, were obtained. The formed hairy roots showed morphological differences in comparison to the roots of unmodified plants. A mathematical model was used to optimize the conditions for the extraction of bioactive compounds. Extracts isolated under optimal conditions from transformed plants showed biochemical changes i.e., the increase in the accumulation of total polyphenols and triterpenes in comparison to untransformed plants, especially when induced roots were analyzed. HPLC analysis showed increase in the level of betulinic acid in some transformed Sarracenia lines. Betulinic acid remains pentacyclic triterpenoid compound with high pharmacological significance. The further work connected with isolation and identification of the other bioactive compounds will be done in the nearest future.
The prognostic factor for recurrence in advanced-stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer after complete clinical remission: a nested case-control study
Authors: Wang Qiao , Qi Xiaorong , Peng Hongling , Zhao Xia , Peng Zhilan
Published: May 2021

Background: Woman with advanced-stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is likely to have a bad prognosis. Relapses are common in patients even with no evidence of disease after primary treatment. We aimed to identify the prognostic factors for disease recurrence in these patients. Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted in a large medical center in Southwest China. The primary outcome was recurrence of disease within 3 years after CR. Cox regression was used to calculate the time to event analysis in different groups.Results: Ninety- seven patients were finally included. Fifty-seven patients (58.8%) relapsed within 3 years after CR. Among all the variables, the difference in posttreatment CA-125 level was statistically significant (P ＜0.05) between the recurrent group and the progression-free group in both univariate and multivariable analysis . A cutoff value was set at the median level in the recurrent group (10 U/ml) to categorize patients into two arms. In Cox regression, the posttreatment CA-125 level was identified as a prognostic factor for recurrence with an OR of 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02-1.10, P=0.033). The median time (from initiation of treatment) until relapse was 25 months for patients whose posttreatment CA-125 levels were higher than 10 U/ml, while it was undefined for patients whose posttreatment CA-125 level were ≤ 10 U/ml. Patients with a higer posttreatment CA-125 level showed a increased risk for OC relapse compared to those with a lower posttreatment CA-125 level. Furthermore, as shown in line graphs recording serum CA-125 levels during follow-up in each recurrent case, the increments of serum CA-125 levels were delayed in recurrent OC patients who had a posttreatment CA125 level ≤ 10 U/ml compared with those with a higher CA-125 level. Conclusion: A low serum CA-125 level after primary treatment was a potential prognostic factor in women with advanced HGSOC.
Cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer cells reveal a polyploid phenotype with remarkable activation of nuclear processes
Authors: Adibi Rezvan , Moein Shiva , Gheisari Yousof
Published: May 2021

Background Tumor recurrence as a main cause of cancer death is a big barrier in cancer complete treatment. Various studies denote for the possible role of therapeutics in tumor relapse. Cisplatin as one of the generally-used chemotherapy agents is supposed to be the source of therapy-resistance through formation of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs). Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which PGCCs promote tumor relapse are not fully understood.Methods In this study we performed experimental and bioinformatic investigations to recognize the mechanisms related to cisplatin resistance. A2780 and SCOV-3 cell lines were treated with cisplatin for 72 hours and were evaluated for their morphology by fluorescent microscopy and DNA content analysis. Furthermore, a microarray dataset of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells was reanalyzed to determine the significantly altered genes and signaling pathways.Result Although cisplatin led to death of considerable fraction of cells in both cell lines, a significant number of survived cells became polyploid. On the other hand, our high throughput analysis determined significant change in expression of 1930 genes which mainly related to gene regulatory mechanisms and nuclear processes. Besides, mTOR, hypoxia, Hippo and 14-3-3 signaling pathways previously shown to have role in PGCCs were determined.Conclusion Taken together, results of this study demonstrated some key biological mechanisms related to cisplatin-resistant polyploid cancer cells.
Variation in phytochemical properties and expression of key genes involved in biosynthesis of hypericin using nano-capsulated and normal hormones in Hypericum perforatum L
Authors: Ghodrati Leila , Kachoie Mehrdad Ataie , Gharibi Shima
Published: May 2021

Hypericum perforatum is a valuable medicinal plant with anti-depressant activity. Hypericin is the major compound responsible for such activity. In the present study, the effect of four nano-capsulated hormones of 2,4-epibrassinolide, spermidine, salycilic acid and cycocel were investigated on the amount of hypericin based on HPLC analysis in two locations (Saman and Isfahan). For each hormone, the normal form was also compared with nano form. The expression patterns of the key genes (Hyp-1, pks1, pks2) for hypericin production was also evaluated using qRT-PCR. Moreover, GC-MS analysis was also performed for determination of the compounds in studied treatments. The major compounds were germacrene D (3.29–33.53%), β-caryophyllene (0-4.08) and α-longipinene (0-24.05%). In most cases, nano-hormones led to increase in these components. Significant changes were obtained in expression of key genes in hypericin synthesis as a result of nano-hormones treatments in Isfahan site. Overall, nano-hormones revealed higher increase in expression of all genes as compared with normal hormones in this site. The expression of Hyp-1, Pks1 and Pks2 was significantly increased using spermidine, 24-epibrassinolide and cycocel in Isfahan location in both nano-hormones and normal ones, while the expression of Hyp-1 was decreased in SA treatment in Isfahan location. Based on HPLC analysis, hypericin ranged from 0.21 in control to 0.51 mg 100 g− 1 DW in nano-SA in Isfahan site. Finally, the expression of the key genes were mostly elevated in colder climates and nano-form formulation.
Wave Based Damage Detection in Solid Structures Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Wuttke Frank , Lyu Hao , Sattari Amir S. , Rizvi Zarghaam H.
Published: May 2021

The identification of structural damages takes a more and more important role within the modern economy, where often the monitoring of an infrastructure is the last approach to keep it under public use. Conventional monitoring methods require specialized engineers and are mainly time consuming. This research paper considers the ability of neural networks to recognize the initial or alteration of structural properties based on the training processes. The presented work here is based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for wave field pattern recognition, or more specifically the wave field change recognition. The CNN model is used to identify the change within propagating wave fields after a crack initiation within the structure. The paper describes the implemented method and the required training procedure to get a successful crack detection accuracy, where the training data are based on the dynamic lattice model. Although the training of the model is still time consuming, the proposed new method has an enormous potential to become a new crack detection or structural health monitoring approach within the conventional monitoring methods.
The Physiological and Microbiological Characteristics of Cement Dust Polluted Soil Around Cement Industry
Authors: Sowunmi Kehinde Oluwadamilare
Published: May 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Iran Total Water Storage from May 2018 to 2020
Authors: Sorkhabi Omid Memarian
Published: May 2021

Total water storage (TWS) is obtained by the gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) satellite by measuring surface density changes. TWS provides valuable information about the water cycle on Earth and can play a useful role in water resource management studies. In this study, TWS of GRACE- Follow-On (FO) satellite from 2018 to 2020 has been studied. The western and central regions of Iran are in a better situation than other regions. Northwest, North, Northeast areas have a decreasing TWS trend of more than 5 cm. The western regions of Iran show an increasing trend and its value is about 3 cm. The southern regions of Iran have an almost constant annual TWS trend. TWS 2020 is similar to 2019.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Somalia (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Cronin Jen
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Somalia, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
MTHFR 677 C< T and 1298 A>C polymorphisms increases the risk of recurrent abortion in the Iraqi woman
Authors: Abood Emad Salaam , Naser Maryam Sabah , Naser Raheem Jabaar
Published: May 2021

Background: The C677T and A1298C polymorphism mutations in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene will be investigated in a multi-abortion study. Aim: To determine mutation (SNP) in the methyl tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) Gene with multiple abortion. Methods: “We nominated two hundred patients for this study in three groups: the study group, The first group included 50 women with a history of 1 or 2 missed first trimester Abortions and fifty to control group the last group which consisted of one hundred Patients with a history more than two missed abortion. Anticoagulants human blood tests such as (protein C, protein S, and lupus) as well as general serum tests IgG and IgM for (Cytomegalovirus, Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Anti-cardiolipin antibodies and anti-phospholipid antibody) were performed. In addition, screening of the maternal MTHFR C667T and MTHFR a 1298C mutation was determined by PCR.Result: all common serum test for study population (CMV, Toxo, Rubella, ACA and APL) IgG and IgM, also anticoagulants human blood test (protein C, protein S and Lupus) is negative. The frequency of heterozygous (genotype) A1298C and C677T was similar. The distribution of MTHFR, C677T and A1298C genotypes show significantly differences P ≤ 0.05; OR= (95%CI) between patients with multiple abortions and control subjects.Conclusions: the result suggestion MTHFR A>C 1298 and C< T 677 polymorphisms might be associated with multiple abortion in the examined population.
Symptoms and underlying diseases associated with the hospitalization period of 3480 Covid-19 patients in Hormozgan, Iran
Authors: Takhti Hesamuddin Kamalzadeh , Ardaneh Mahdieh , Zare Shahram , Sarkhaei Maryam Rezaei , Amiri-Ardekani Ehsan
Published: May 2021

Introduction: COVID-19 has a relationship with patients’ demographic characteristics as well as their underlying diseases. This research has been conducted to evaluate factors' effect on Covid-19 patient's hospitalization rate and period in Hormozgan, Iran. Materials and Methods: The inclusion criteria of this retrospective study included all patients diagnosed as COVID-19 Patients after PCR who were referred to Covid-19 hospitals from February 2020 to June 2020 in Hormozgan province, Iran. After the completion of the consent form and observing ethical principles, 3480 patients' information was collected through the interview by Medical care monitoring center unit experts. The checklist was designed according to COVID-19 guidelines and approved by the World Health Organization and Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The studied variables included gender, age, patients’ residence place, smoking history and medications use history, pregnancy, referral type to hospital, contact history with COVID-19 patients, early symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, intubation, Po2 level, history of cancer, chronic liver diseases, diabetes, chronic blood diseases, HIV/AIDS, acquired or congenital immunodeficiency, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases, dialysis status, asthma and other chronic lung diseases, and chronic neurological disorders. These data were analyzed using descriptive (average-standard deviation-percentage) and analytical (including Chi-square, t-test, and regression tests) statistics with SPSS Ver.23 software. Results: In this study, 3480 COVID-19 patients including 1852 male patients (53.20%) with a median age of 43.11±21.72 and 1628 female patients (46/80%) with a median age of 44.86±22.40. The median age of men was significantly lower than the women's median age (P= 0.02). The duration of hospitalization of male and female patients was reported 2.64±4.14 and 2.76±4.297, respectively which was not statistically significant. The death rate of patients in our study was 6.6%. Conclusion: The results of this study also showed that the hospitalization period of HIV-positive patients and patients with cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases is much longer than other people, which imposes many human and financial costs on the country's health care system. Therefore, to maintain individual health and help improve the critical condition of the virus, it is better to develop and apply stricter protocols to prevent further outbreaks of the disease and check underlying diseases of people suspected to have Covid-19. These results can improve health care system planning and improving medical services presented to covid-19 patients.
Efficient and facile synthesis of pyrazoles using Guar-gum as biocatalyst and their in vitro bio-evaluation
Authors: Sangwan Suman , Singh Rajvir , GULATI SUSHEEL , Rana Suprita
Published: May 2021

A green efficient and facile synthesis of pyrazoles is reported via condensation reaction between substituted aldehydes (1a-1i), malononitrile (2) and 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (3) in presence of acylated Guar-gum as biocatalyst under solvent-free conditions. The progress of reaction was checked by thin layer chromatography and melting points reported are uncorrected. All synthesized compounds (4a-4i) were characterized by using 1HNMR and FTIR spectral techniques and evaluated for in vitro herbicidal activity against Raphanus sativus L. (Radish seeds). All compounds (4a-4i) were also evaluated for their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Aspergillus niger by poisoned food techniques method. Antioxidant activity of synthesized compound was also determined. From activity results, it was found that compound 4f was most active against both Raphanus sativus L. (root) and Raphanus sativus L. (shoot) respectively. Compounds 4e and 4h were found most active against Rhizoctonia solani and Aspergillus niger fungus respectively at highest concentration. Compound 4e has shown maximum percentage DPPH free radical scavenging activity 1.e. 61.47% at 100 µg/mL concentration. Less reaction time, excellent yield of products, mild reaction conditions and simple work-up are some merits of present methodology.
Psycho-social Impact of COVID-19: Methodological challenges in Researching Virtually
Authors: Pandey Nisha Mani , Tripathi Rakesh Kumar , Pandey Deeksha
Published: May 2021

Background: Observing the possibility of various psycho-social and emotional issues stemming from the pandemic and lockdown, we have planned an online study with repeated measures. The study aimed to observe the changes and impact of the lockdown and unlock the community's lifestyle and psycho-social well-being. The present article discusses the results of the study and the methodological challenges.Methods: This was an observational study. Information was collected on a semi-structured questionnaire using Google Forms. The study was done two different times; 1) during the lockdown; 2) after the unlock. After getting ethical clearance, the questionnaire (Google form) was distributed amongst people using social media platforms. The investigators also requested their contacts to further disseminate the forms in their circles. Data were analysed applying SPSS-24.Results: A total of 324 responses were obtained during the lockdown. However, the follow-up questionnaire after the unlock had only 159 responses. An equal proportion of males and females took part in the study during the lockdown, but females outnumbered males after the unlock. Participants felt changes in their daily routine habits, physical and mental activities, household tensions and daily expenditures due to the lockdown.Discussion and conclusion: The study reveals that individuals during the lockdown have struggled with various negative emotions. The excessive drop-out of the online study and the limited number of responses from participants were the major methodological challenge.
Promoting Respectful Maternity Care using a Behavioral Design Approach in Zambia: Results from a Mixed-Methods Evaluation
Authors: Smith Jana , Schachter Allison , Banay Rachel , Zimmerman Emily , Sellman Abigail , Kamanga Ameck
Published: May 2021

Background: Respectful maternity care (RMC) has been elevated in the global discourse, however, instances of disrespect and abuse remain prevalent. While several studies have highlighted promising approaches to promote RMC, this body of literature is still limited and few approaches have been scaled outside the initial study sites. Building on formative research conducted through a behavioral science lens, we sought to develop and test evidence-based, low-cost solutions to promote RMC which would be well-positioned for scale-up. Our study highlights the effectiveness of the solution package on provider provision of better care and client satisfaction, as well as intermediary outcomes and behavioral mechanisms. Methods: A quasi-experimental evaluation, informed by the behavioral design approach, was completed to test the effectiveness of a 5-component solution package in Chipata, Zambia. Quantitative surveys were collected from health facility providers and postpartum clients at baseline and endline in intervention and comparison facilities. Additional qualitative interviews were conducted with health facility providers and postpartum clients at endline. We also conducted interviews with health facility in-charges and observed labor and delivery practices at intervention facilities over the course of implementation. Results: Evidence suggested that at endline, clients at implementation facilities were less likely to experience disrespect and abuse compared to clients at comparison facilities (ß= -0.15 p=.01). Clients at intervention facilities were more likely to request pain management compared to clients at comparison facilities (ß=.33, p=.003). The solutions were simple for providers to implement and were easily integrated into existing services by providers during labor and delivery. Providers at intervention facilities also described the pain management toolkit as helpful in expanding the types of pain management techniques used during labor.Conclusions: The results of this small-scale study act as a proof of concept, demonstrating that the behavioral design approach can lead to solutions that show potential for impact. In other settings where providers face similar barriers to providing RMC, an adaptation of this solution package might lead to similarly positive results. Given the global scale of disrespectful care, these low-cost solutions hold promise for improving the quality of care women receive during labor and delivery.
Leusonna, die Schutzgöttin des vicus, auf einem Votivbeilchen aus Lausanne-Vidy
Authors: Bartels Jens
Published: May 2021

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