bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient estimation of true fixed-effects stochastic frontier models
Authors: Bellio Ruggero , Grassetti Luca
Published: November 2023

Fixed-effects modeling has become the method of choice in several panel data settings, including models for stochastic frontier analysis. A notable instance of stochastic frontier panel data models is the true fixed-effects model, which allows to disentangle unit heterogeneity from efficiency evaluations. While such a model is theoretically appealing, its estimation is hampered by incidental panel data effects. This note proposes a simple and rather general estimation approach where the unit-specific intercepts are integrated out of the likelihood function. By applying some theory from composite group families, it is demonstrated that the resulting objective function is a marginal likelihood based on sufficient data reduction with desirable inferential properties. The derivation of the result is provided in full, along with some connections with the existing literature and some computational details. The method is illustrated for two notable models: the normal-half-normal specification and the heteroscedastic exponential model. Some simulation results are provided for the latter model.
Improving the study of plant evolution with multi-matrix mixture models
Authors: Huy Tinh Nguyen , Sy Vinh Le
Published: November 2023

Amino acid substitution model is a key component to study the plant evolution from protein sequences. Although single-matrix amino acid substitution models have been estimated for plants (i.e., Q.plant and NQ.plant), they are not able to describe the rate heterogeneity among sites. A number of multi-matrix mixture models have been proposed to handle the site-rate heterogeneity, however, none are specifically estimated for plants. To enhance the study of plant evolution, we estimated both time reversible and time non-reversible multi-matrix mixture models QPlant.mix and NQPlant.mix from the plant genomes. Experiments showed that the new mixture models were much better than the existing models for plant alignments. We recommend researchers to use the new mixture models for studying the plant evolution.
Development of a Model for Detection and Classification of Diseases in Tomato Plants Using Swin Transformer Architecture
Authors: Valencia Oscar David , Firigua Maria José Capera
Published: November 2023

This research focuses on developing a model for the detection and classification of diseases in tomato plants using the Swin Transformer architecture. The model aims to surpass the accuracy limitations of current Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) methods. The study involves constructing a balanced dataset for various tomato plant diseases, evaluating the model's predictions, and comparing its accuracy with CNN-based models.
Analysis of years of life lost due to premature cancer mortality in the Russian Federation
Authors: Khailova Zh. V. , Kaprin A. D. , Omelyanovsky V. V. , Pustovalov D. N. , Agafonova Yu. A. , Kusakina V. O. , Ivanov S. A. , Shegai P. V.
Published: November 2023

Background. Burden of disease estimation allows analyses to be carried out integrally, including cause and effect assessment. the rate of life years lost due to premature mortality is part of the burden of disease analysis. given that the burden of cancer is steadily increasing, analysis of the number of years lost makes it possible to identify new strategic directions, as well as to adjust decisions already made, in the health care of cancer patients.

Purpose: to estimate the loss of life expectancy as a result of premature mortality from cancer in the population of the Russian Federation.

Material and Methods. the analysis was carried out using international statistical databases for disease burden estimation, databases of the Federal state statistics service (Rosstat). to determine the target groups of priority reduction of mortality from neoplasms in the Russian Federation, an estimation of the lost years of life expectancy as a result of premature mortality in the form of the e† (e-dagger) indicator was carried out. the analyzed period of the study was 2010–2019.

Results. the Russian Federation is characterized by the smallest share of losses from cancer in the structure of losses from all causes of death compared to the analyzed countries (Japan, France, germany, latvia, lithuania, estonia). However, the share of losses has been intensively increasing for 10 years (in 2010 – 14.79 %, in 2019 – 17.54 %). in comparison with the analyzed countries, Russia is more characterised by losses from cancer at a younger age, with the highest value of life years lost in the age group 60–64 years. the age-standardized number of years lost in men in Russia is 67.1 % higher than in women. in the age group from 25 to 49 years of age, the loss of life expectancy due to cancer in women is higher and accounts for 0.4 years (or 19 %) of all losses, which is not typical of other age groups in which losses in men prevail. A significant regional differentiation of mortality in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation has been revealed, which is also reflected in the number of years lost.

Conclusion. the potential of preventive strategies in the Russian Federation has not been fully realized – the loss of life years in young and middle age requires the correction of measures to improve preventive services and oncological care. the revealed regional differentiation allows us to identify regions with high losses for priority solutions.
Colon cancer survival after radical surgery performed in hospitals of the Arkhangelsk region: a population-based analysis
Authors: Bogdanov D. V. , Berezin A. V. , Potekhina E. F. , Mordovsky E. A. , Valkov M. Yu.
Published: November 2023

Background. surgery is the main method of treatment of colon cancer (cc). Radical surgery performed in non-specialized hospitals can lead to the adverse outcomes.

The aim of this study was to assess CC survival after radical surgery performed in state hospitals of the arkhangelsk region (North-West Russia) in 2010–21.

Material and Methods. data on all the 2142 cases of radical surgery of CC were obtained from the arkhangelsk regional cancer registry (ARCR). One- and five-year cancer-specific survival rates were estimated by the survival tables; cumulative survival function was calculated by the Kaplan–meier method. Univariate and multiple cox regression analysis was carried out to identify independent predictors associated with CC death risk after radical surgery in state hospitals (incl. sex, age at the time of diagnosis, topography, morphology and stage of CC).

Results. less than half (42.8 %) of patients underwent surgery at the arkhangelsk clinical cancer center (accc), a single specialized hospital. one- and five-year survival rates of all patients were 86.5 % (95 % CI: 84.9–87.9 %) and 65.1 % (95 % ci: 62.7–67.4 %), respectively. The 5-year survival rate of patients who underwent surgery in the accc was significantly higher than that in patients who underwent surgery in other state non-specialized hospitals (76.0 % (95 % ci: 72.5–79.0 % versus 49.3–73.8 %, p<0.0001). The relative risk of death of CC patients depended on the state hospital where radical surgery was performed and the stage of CC; it did not depend on patients’ sex, morphology and topography of CC.

Conclusion. our results demonstrate the need to search for specific reasons for the relatively low survival in patients after radical surgery performed in non-specialized hospitals.
Effect of bronchodilator therapy on the function of external respiration and lung parenchyma in surgical treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Dobner S. Yu. , Fedosenko S. V. , Dobrodeev A. Yu. , Yarovoy N. D. , Samtsov E. N. , Dubakov А. V. , Starovoitova E. A. , Denisova О. A. , Kirillova N. A.
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of regular prolonged inhalation therapy with tiotropium bromide delivered via the Respimat inhaler and short-acting bronchodilator (SAB) therapy with ipratropium bromide/fenoterol in the perioperative period in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd).

Material and Methods. The study included 66 patients with Nsclc and copd. The patients received tiotropium bromide, 5 mcg/day (TB group) or a combination of ipratropium bromide/fenoterol 20/50 mcg/dose, 2 doses 4 times a day (SAB group) for 6 weeks before and 6 weeks after surgery. The control group consisted of patients who did not receive bronchodilators before surgery, but they received a combination of ipratropium bromide/fenoterol in the postoperative period. All patients underwent tests of pulmonary function (spirometry, body plethysmography), measurement of lung parenchyma density and emphysematous lung areas (high-resolution computed tomography).

Results. After preoperative preparation with use of tB or saB, there was a significant improvement in FEV1, FVC, VC, RV, ITGV, and. RV/TLC ratio relative to baseline. In the tB and sad groups, a significant reduction in the severity of total respiratory resistance (Rtot) compared to that in the control group was observed. According to the assessment of lung density and the volume of emphysematous areas on expiration, the results in the TB group were significantly better than those in the sad and control groups. six weeks after surgery, all patients showed a significant decrease in post-FeV1, post-FVC, and post-VC relative to the preoperative values. Bronchodilator therapy resulted in the reduction in Rtot in all groups; however, better results were achieved in the TB group (86 %) compared to sad group (93 %, p=0.03) and control (101.5 %, p=0.02). After surgical treatment, a decrease in the volume of emphysematous areas on inspiration was observed: the parameters were better in the TB group than in the sad and control groups (220 cm3 versus 1025 cm3 and 1002 cm3, p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively).

Conclusion. In patients with Nsclc and copd, longterm inhaled bronchodilator therapy can significantly improve respiratory function. more beneficial results are achieved after using long-acting drugs (tiotropium bromide).
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO EVALUATE NURSING CARE AMONG PATIENT ADMITTED IN SELECTED HOSPITALS OF GANDHINAGAR
Authors:   Principal, Apollo Institute of Nursing, Gandhinagar (A Unit of Apollo Hospitals)., Mohan Singh Hari , Jesteen Sona ,   Nursing Tutor, Apollo Institute of Nursing, Gandhinagar (A Unit of Apollo Hospitals)., E Group- ,   Final Year B.Sc. Nursing Students, Apollo Institute of Nursing, Gandhinagar.
Published: November 2023

A descriptive study was conducted to evaluate nursing care among patients in selected hospital of Gandhinagar. The general system model was used as a conceptual framework. A descriptive study design was used to achieve the objectives of the study. The sample consisted of 100 from selected hospitals of Gandhinagar .The random sampling technique was used to collect the sample in the study the mean was 16.74,median was 18 and standard deviation was 3.329 level of significance . So after evaluation of care the nursing care was highly effective.
SAKBEENAJ (FERULA PERSICA WILLD.): AN IMPORTANT DRUG OF UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
Authors:   PG Scholar Department of IlmulAdvia, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hydrabad, Telangana State 500038. India., Asma Mohd Anis Khan , Ul Haque Sultan ,   PG Scholar, Department of Moalajat, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500038, India., Fatema Mariya ,   PG Scholar Department of IlmulQabalat-Wa-Amraz-e-Niswan, Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005. India., Zakir Mohammad ,   Professor, Department of IlmulAdvia, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500038,India.
Published: November 2023

Since ancient times, the plant Ferula Persica Willd (Family - Apiaceae), also known as sakbeenaj, has been utilized in traditional medicinal system to cure a variety of ailments.Its descriptions as a Detergent,purgatives,diureticand emmenagoguein ethnomedical literature demonstrate the plants range of biological and pharmacological properties.It is used to treat DÄ«q al-Nafas (bronchial asthma), BawÄsÄ«r (Hemorrhoid) and HasÄh al-kulya (renal-stone).
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF LOOP DRAINAGE OF SUBCUTANEOUS ABSCESS- A NEW GOLD STANDARD?
Authors:   Post Graduate Trainee, Dept Of General Surgery, Silchar Medical College And Hospital, Assam., Nowaj Majumder Daniel , Pandit Pradipta ,   Assistant Professor, Dept Of General Surgery, Silchar Medical College And Hospital, Assam., Deb Manasmita ,   Post Graduate Trainee, Dept Of General Surgery, Silchar Medical College And Hospital, Assam., Singh Sushant ,   Post Graduate Trainee, Dept Of General Surgery, Silchar Medical College And Hospital, Assam.
Published: November 2023

Abscess is a common ailment presenting to the Surgical OPD and Emergency on a daily basis. Conventionally, incision and drainage(ID) by making an incision in the most fluctuant part and later packing the cavity with a wick has been practised(1). We postulate a newer method of loop drainage(LD) of the cavity should be the new Gold Standard. This study aims to compare clinical outcome on conventional incision and drainage versus loop drainage of subcutaneous abscess. Study design was a prospective, observational study. Study was conducted in Silchar Medical College, from 23/12/2022 - 23/06/2023 , with a total of 120 patients. Of the 120 patients followed up, 48 underwent ID and 72 underwent LD. LD patients had a better pain profile post operatively on FLACC and Likert scales (-7.62 D1, 5.46 D3, 4.05 D5), lower treatment failure rate(-10.8%), more favourable scar formation(POSAS patient and observer -17.52, - 10.30). Latex loops had better scores than PVC loops(POSAS - 15.30, - 9.45 vs -18.34, - 12.45). Loop drainage of abscess, especially with Latex Loops have lower failure rates, better compliance and better clinical outcomes. Especially in paediatric patients where ID is more difficult and cumbersome and loss to follow up more common, LD should no doubt be considered the new Gold Standard in surgical practice.
STUDY OF SURGICAL OUTCOME OF HYPOSPADIUS CORRECTION BY MODIFIED SNODGRASS (TUBULARISED INCISED PLATE URETHROPLASTY) TECHNIQUE
Authors:   Post Graduate Trainee, Department of General Surgery, SMCH., Chakraborty Madhurya , Singha Debabrata ,   Professor, Department of General Surgery, SMCH., Kumar Singh Sanjeeb ,   Registrar, Depatment of General Surgery, SMCH.
Published: November 2023

Background:The incidence of hypospadias is around 1 in 300 male live births. It is the most common congenital abnormality of the urethra. Diagnosis is made on physical examination. There are three characteristic features, including an ectopic ventrally located urethral meatus usually a ventral penile curvature (chordee) and an incomplete dorsal hood prepuce Surgical repair of hypospadias deformity is a challenging and complex issue. However, the technique of Snodgrass and its modifications attend promising functional and cosmetic results. Aims & Objectives: The paper aims at finding the outcomes of correction of distal and mid-shaft hypospadias by modified snodgrass technique and to compare it with the data available for other techniques Patients And Methods: Source- All patients undergoing surgical correction of hypospadias within the study period of 6 months( 15th March 2023 to 15th September 2023) Type Of The Study: prospective observational study Sample size: 15 patients Inclusion criteria: 1) Patients with distal and mid shaft hypospadias 2) all patients giving consent for the surgery Exclusion criteria: 1) Patients with severe chordee 2) Patients with immunocompromised status 3) Patients not willing to stay in hospital for long as this procedure needs careful dressings and hospital care as we are dealing with children 4) Patients who already underwent modified snodgrass technique Result: This study includes 15 boys with hypospadias. On Presentaion Two Patient Had Mid Shaft Hypospadias With Severe Chordee Rest All Patients Had Distal Shaft Hypospadias With Minimal Chordee. Their ages ranged from 3 to 8 years average 5 years The mean follow up was 3 months and complications were observed in only FIVE (33%) patient. Conclusion: From 15th MARCH 2023 to 15th SEPTEMBER 2023 over 6 months this study has emphasized on the clinical outcomes including any urethrocutaneous fistula , hemorrhage,infection,recurrence of chordee or any stricture formation following modified snodgrass technique and only 20% cases developed urethrocutaneous fistula.
EXPLORING COMPETENCIES AND STUDENT MENTORING: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF GUIDANCE COUNSELORS IN MOROCCO
Authors: Reggoug Nada
Published: November 2023

This research aims to analyze the perception of guidance counselors regarding their competencies and skills and assess their level of mentoring of pupils. By applying a model of the following three dimensions: use of new technology, competencies, and mentoring level. The analysis model is developed based on theory and literature review. This quantitative study uses a questionnaire to collect the necessary data. Reliability tests, averages, and percentages were obtained using the SPSS software. Results showed a good level of competencies developed by guidance counselors in their practices---however, a low rate of monitoring and following-up with pupils throughout the school year.
AGRICULTURAL FOODS, FRUITS, ARTS ANDBUSINESS ROUTES: 14TH& 15TH CENTURY EASTERN INDIAN REGION(AN ANALYSIS)
Authors:   Assistant Professor (History) Department of LawAligarh Muslim University, Centre Murshidabad, West Bengal., Talib Siddiqui Mohd
Published: November 2023

Different varieties of fruits trading routs and agricultural foods are found in records, while shedding new lights on socio-economic and cultural activities of the people in eastern region specially Bengal and adjoining territories. Clear sketching about prosperity and flourishing trading business along with architecture and other artistic activities are drawn here with the help of travellers account and some other reference noted from contemporary historical chronicles and literatures. The centre of political gravity in 14th and 15th century Bengal, different name of towns like Gaur and Pandua rose one after another to be treated as capital town later on. Gaur became strategic town and commanded the routes that ran in different direction upward and downward the line of river Ganga leading to Chittagaon and other cities of this region. Even Pandua was also elevated and designed a well-planned and populated town, without any doubt, with all possible amenities of human life and centre of commercial activities with other parts of kingdom with rivers and land routes.
ISCHEMIC STROKE A COMPARATIVE RETROSPECTIVE STUDY: EXPERIENCE OF MILITARY HOSPITAL OF MEKNES
Authors:   Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Department, Moulay Ismail Military Hospital, Meknes, Morocco., Abdellatif DIAI ,   Faculty of Medicine, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco., Ayoub MAAROUFI ,   Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Department, Moulay Ismail Military Hospital, Meknes, Morocco.,   Faculty of Medicine, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco., Nourddine JEBBAR ,   Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Department, Moulay Ismail Military Hospital, Meknes, Morocco.,   Faculty of Medicine, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco., Jaber ELKAISSI ,   Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Department, Moulay Ismail Military Hospital, Meknes, Morocco.,   Faculty of Medicine, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco., Jaouad LAOUTID ,   Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Department, Moulay Ismail Military Hospital, Meknes, Morocco.,   Faculty of Medicine, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco., Kechna Hicham ,   Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Department, Moulay Ismail Military Hospital, Meknes, Morocco.,   Faculty of Medicine, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco.
Published: November 2023

Cerebrovascular accident (stroke) is defined by a localized neurological deficit of sudden onset which persists for at least 24 hours. It is a frequent pathology whose social and economic burden remains very heavy. In Morocco, stroke is responsible for several thousand hospitalizations each year. Its estimated incidence would be 300 /100,000 inhabitants objective of the study is the epidemiological profile, clinical and paraclinical aspects as well as preventive management associated with Ischemic stroke at the intensive care unit of Moulay Ismail military hospital Retrospective study carried out from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019. We collected 66 patients for whom all the parameters studied were collected on a preestablished operating sheet then entered into Microsoft Excel, and analyzed using the chi2 software. The study concerned 66 patients: 1. The mean age of the patients was 64.92 years (range 38 and 82), of which 63.6% of the patients were over 65 years old. 2. High blood pressure was the main risk factor, followed by diabetes type 2 as most of the series described in the literature. 3. The average time between the onset of symptoms and the emergency room visit was 66.2 hours. 4. Hemiplegia was the main clinical sign found on examination. 5. The brain scan q pathological in 93.9% of cases. 6. None of our patients benefited from thrombolysis. 7. The death rate has been estimated at 46.6%. 8. The interest of prevention in reducing the frequency and morbidity â€“ mortality of stroke.
TOXICITY OF CHLORPYRIFOS TECHNICAL GRADE AND 20% EC TO THE FRESHWATER FISH, CHANNA PUNCTATA (BLOCH)
Authors:   Guest Faculty, Department of Fishery Science and Aquaculture, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi-517 502, A.P, India., Balaji Nayac M. , Balakrishna Naik R. ,   Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjunanagar-522 510, A.P, India., Rajeswari A. ,   Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjunanagar-522 510, A.P, India.
Published: November 2023

The toxicity studies of chlorpyrifos technical grade (TG) and 20% EC are conducted in the prevailing laboratory conditions of the fish Channa punctata in vivo to determine the median lethal concentrations i.e., LC50 values for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs duration by employing both static renewal and continuous flowthrough systems. The most preferred and palatable fish and mostly used pesticide the organophosphate are selected for study. The static renewal values are 6.02 Ã‚Âµg/L, 5.82 Ã‚Âµg/L, 5.62 Ã‚Âµg/L, 5.38 Ã‚Âµg/L for technical grade and for 20% EC 3.01 Ã‚Âµg/L, 2.71 Ã‚Âµg/L, 2.61 Ã‚Âµg/L, and 2.51 Ã‚Âµg/L for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs respectively. Similarly, for the continuous flow through system (CFTS) the values are 3.11 Ã‚Âµg/L, 2.87 Ã‚Âµg/L, 2.81 Ã‚Âµg/L and 1.61 Ã‚Âµg/L for technical grade and for 20% EC 1.91 Ã‚Âµg/L, 1.81 Ã‚Âµg/L, 1.61 Ã‚Âµg/L and 1.41 Ã‚Âµg/L respectively for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs. The toxicity is the concentration and duration dependent and the LC50 values in both methods decreased as well as concentrations also. The static renewal values are higher to CFTS and 20% EC is sufficiently toxic, which had synergistic effect on target and tested organism. The values are useful for data base and also in prescribing the permissible limits.
PREVALANCE OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ACUTE ENCEPHALITIS SYNDROME IN A TERITARY CARE HOSPITAL OF NORTH EASTERN STATE - TRIPURA
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, AGMC & GBP Hospital., Choudhury Kanak , Krishna Thummala Vamshi ,   Post-Graduate Trainee, Department of Internal Medicine, AGMC & GBP Hospital., Pavan Kumar Gatram ,   Senior Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, AGMC & GBP Hospital., Mandal Manodip ,   Post-Graduate Trainee, Department of Internal Medicine, AGMC & GBP Hospital.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus, which has a wide distribution in many countries of Asia, Western Pacific and in northern Australia. Twenty-four countries from South-East Asia, Western Pacific regions are endemic for this disease and more than three billion people are at risks of infection. This study is conducted to observe the clinicodemographic profile and prevalence of Japanese Encephalitis in patients presenting with Acute Encephalitis Syndrome Methods: An observational longitudinal study was carried over a period of 8 months from January 2023 to august 2023 among 80 indoor patients admitted in department of medicine of a tertiary care hospital in North-Eastern state in Tripura. Results: Total of 80 patients were admitted in male and female wards of Department of Medicine who were diagnosed to have Acute Encephalitis Syndrome. Among 80 patients 58(72.5%) were male and 22(27.5%) were female. Out of 80 patients 60(75%) serum samples were taken and 20(25%) CSF samples were taken of which 9(11.25%) patients were tested positive for serum and 5(6.25%) tested for CSF respectively. Mean age group of patients with positive results was 50.80Â±10.35. Most common presentation was fever(100%) followed by focal neurological deficit(57%), headache and vomitings (30%), coma(8%), convulsions(15%) and meningeal signs(30%). Out of 14 patients who were positive for JE 12(86%) patients were from rural areas and 2(14%) people were from urban areas. Out of 14 patients 10(71%) were male and 4 patients(29%) were female respectively. Conclusion: In this study we found that a considerable number of patients are suffering from Japanese Encephalitis which enhances and enlightens our knowledge to think about the disease and its complications to prevent the increasing mortality rates among the patients and create awareness among them as most of them are from rural areas.
Diagnostic problems in pediatrics on the example of a clinical case of neuroblastoma
Authors: Kurmaeva E. A. , Kulakova G. A. , Solovieva N. A. , Volgina S. Ya. , Ivanov R. V.
Published: November 2023

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a malignant extracranial solid tumor of childhood. The peak incidence occurs in the first year of life. In 50% of cases, the disease already has signs of metastasis at the time of diagnosis. The clinical picture in neuroblastoma is varied; the symptoms are not specific and depend on the localization. The diagnosis is confirmed by histological examination of the biopsy of the primary tumor and metastasis. A specific method for the topical diagnosis of neuroblastoma is 123I-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy, which makes it possible to detect the primary tumor, the presence of regional and distant metastases. Combinations of high-dose chemotherapy and transplantation of autologous stem cells and differentiating agents, as well as immunotherapy with anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies, can increase the life expectancy of patients.
Lower extremity chronic venous diseases in children in pediatric practice
Authors: Nurmeev I. N. , Miroliubov L. M. , Morozov V. I. , Zykova M. A. , Nurmeev T. I.
Published: November 2023

The article provides a view on the problem of chronic venous disease syndrome in children, summarizing the pediatric and vascular surgical approaches. Varicose veins in children are a combination of problems of varicose veins in the legs, a cosmetic defect, and the task of management by pediatric specialists in outpatient settings. The article reflects many years of experience of the authors in the treatment of patients with venous diseases. The purpose of the article is to present the features of managing patients with chronic venous diseases in primary care medical institutions. The modern level of diagnosis and treatment of the disease is reflected. Peculiarities in children related to the development of complications, the formation of chronic venous insufficiency and the need for surgical interventions are shown. Conclusions: the role of an outpatient pediatrician is important in the identification and verification of children with chronic venous diseases; further examination and management of the patient is carried out in strong relationship between the pediatrician and the pediatric (pediatric vascular) surgeon. To achieve satisfactory results, timely and selective surgical and laser interventions and an ongoing individual conservative treatment program are required.
T-cell immunity status of children with combined infection with SARS-CoV-2 and human herpesviruses
Authors: Khaliullina S. V. , Anokhin V. A. , Raimova Ya. A. , Nasyrova E. I. , Sabitova A. M. , Evdokimovа A. E. , Mannanova E. F.
Published: November 2023

There is an opinion that COVID-19 may be the cause of the reactivation of herpesviruses. Purpose. To study the state of the cellular link of adaptive immunity in the combined course of herpesvirus infections and COVID-19, to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of such conditions. Material and methods. In 2022–2023 a cross-sectional study was conducted. 71 patients aged from 1 month to 16 years were selected. Inclusion criteria: presence of signs of acute respiratory disease associated with SARS-CoV-2 and/or mononucleosis-like syndrome associated with active herpesvirus infection. All patients underwent a standard laboratory examination, determined by nosology, and an additional assessment of the cellular link of adaptive immunity (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+HLA-DR+, CD3- CD16+CD56+ and CD20+) on a flow cytometer using monoclonal antibodies. Results and conclusion. The clinical pattern of the combined course of herpesvirus infection and SARS-CoV-2 differs little from monoinfections. Only at the first encounter with the Epstein-Barr virus, lymphoproliferative syndrome and hepatomegaly were more often recorded (p<0.05). Comparing the nature of the cellular immune response in patients with COVID-19 and herpesvirus infection, we observed pronounced differences. In patients with primary herpesvirus infection, the T-cell immune response was an order of magnitude higher than in acute COVID-19, herpesvirus reactivation, and co-infection, and this was true for all studied lymphocyte subpopulations. With SARS-CoV-2, a decrease in the total number of T-lymphocytes, T-helpers, and cytotoxic lymphocytes was observed. This condition, of course, cannot be called immunosuppression, but some parallel is clearly traced. And even with the combined course of SARS-CoV-2 and herpesvirus infection, the absolute values of T-cell immunity indicators do not reach the same indicators in patients without COVID-19. It is likely that this reason underlies the phenomenon of reactivation of persistent herpesviruses in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Evaluation of free and bound carnitine in young athletes
Authors: Rylova N. V. , Samoilov A. S. , Zholinsky A. V. , Bolshakov I. V.
Published: November 2023

The study of the characteristics of carnitine metabolism in representatives of certain sports makes it possible to study the effect of physical loads of various nature on the body of a young athlete, and also makes it possible to assess the competitive potential and predict the tolerance of long-term and intense loads. Purpose. This study is to investigate the characteristics of carnitine metabolism in young athletes of various specializations. Material and methods. The study included athletes aged 14 to 18 who had been engaged in intense physical exercise for at least 12 hours per week forthe past 12 months or more. The control group consisted of healthy children aged 14 to 18 who were not involved in sports. In the blood serum of all study participants, the concentration of free carnitine, acetylcarnitine and acylcarnitines was determined. Based on the data obtained, ratios were calculated reflecting the activity of lipid beta-oxidation enzymes. Results. We found that the content of free carnitine in the representatives of all the studied groups was within the normal range. At the same time, the level of free carnitine in the blood of athletes involved in field hockey was significantly lower than that of athletes-swimmers and representatives of the control group (p<0.001). It was also studied that, compared with athletes-swimmers and the control group, athletes-hockey players have significantly higher functional activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (p<0.05) and lipid beta-oxidation enzymes (p<0.001). Conclusion. In our work we have demonstrated that athletes involved in team sports (field hockey) have a more pronounced shift towards fatty acid oxidation compared to aerobic sports (swimming). A possible reason for the identified changes may be a more significant effect of alternating aerobic and anaerobic loads on lipid metabolism compared to exclusively aerobic activity.
Perinatal form of Niemann–Pick disease type C on the background of substrate-reducing therapy
Authors: Rakhmaeva R. F. , Sageeva G. I. , Artykova N. A. , Mingacheva N. R. , Danilaeva N. M. , Kamalova A. A.
Published: November 2023

The article presents a clinical case of a child with a perinatal form of Niemann–Pick disease type C. The clinical manifestations were cholestasis syndrome, cytolysis, hepatosplenomegaly, muscle hypotension. Differential diagnostics was performed with toxic, cytomegalovirus, viral hepatitis, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, autoimmune liver diseases, aminoacidopathies, Alajille syndrome. After Cholestasis panel genetic testing, a mutation in the NPC1 gene was detected. Biochemical diagnostics showed an increase in the concentration of lysosphingomyelin-509 and increased activity of chitotriosidase in dry blood spots. According to the Sanger sequencing of the NPC1 gene, a nucleotide substitution of chr18:21131617G>A was detected in a child in a homozygous state. According to vital indications (“off-label use”), the patient was prescribed substrate-reducing therapy with Miglustat. Relief of cholestasis syndrome, minimal cytolysis syndrome after administering the drug for 1 month may indicate good tolerability and effectiveness of therapy.
Sarcopenic obesity in a child with type IXa glycogenosis in combination with eosinophilic esophagitis and Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease
Authors: Ishbuldina A. V. , Rakhmaeva R. F. , Kamalova A. A. , Usova D. V. , Khazieva A. M. , Nigmatullina A. M. , Zainetdinova M. Sh.
Published: November 2023

The article describes a clinical example of the development of sarcopenic obesity in a child with type IXa glycogen disease. The reasons for the development of sarcopenic obesity were, on the one hand, the lack of control over the child’s nutrition: excess consumption of easily digestible carbohydrates, fats and lack of protein in the actual diet and inactivity due to a child’s motor activity restriction in view of surgical interventions for Perthes’ disease, on the other. The article provides practical recommendations on the example of prescribing diet therapy to a child with a complex combination of type IX glycogenosis, sarcopenic obesity, Perthes disease, and eosinophilic esophagitis.
An efficiency calculation model for ball screws by accounting for lead errors
Authors: Zhang Yishen , Zhou Changguang , Feng Hutian
Published: November 2023

Transmission efficiency is a pivotal indicator, providing a comprehensive view of the overall performance of a ball screw. While extensive research has predominantly focused on computing transmission efficiency across various operating conditions, the factors influencing the variability have often been overlooked. This study introduces an innovative method for computing transmission efficiency, which considers lead error, drawing on deformation coordination theory and load distribution. Multiple ball screws of varying precision grades underwent rigorous testing to quantify lead errors. Subsequently, each screw was matched with an identical set of nuts to measure the respective transmission efficiencies. Experimental results reveal a linear correlation between lead error and transmission efficiency when both lead error and uneven ball load distribution in ball screws are considered. The relative error between the calculated transmission efficiency results and experimental values for ball screws of different precision grades falls within the range of 0 % to 7.42 %, confirming the validity of the proposed model in this paper.
‘We do not wash hands’: Barriers to the maintenance of five moments of hand hygiene among learner nurses at a university in Limpopo province, South Africa
Authors: Mutshatshi Takalani Edith , Rasweswe Melitah Molatelo
Published: November 2023

The provision of quality patient care involves adequate infection control measures in healthcare institutions which is achievable through the maintenance of five moments of hand hygiene. Although there is growing awareness of the importance of proper hand hygiene in healthcare settings, empirical data indicate that there has not been a corresponding rise in the proper practice. Healthcare professionals including learner nurses frequently complain about obstacles that hinder them from effectively maintaining five moments of hand hygiene. We investigated the barriers to the maintenance of five moments of hand hygiene among learner nurses at a University in Limpopo province, South Africa. The study was qualitative using an explorative, descriptive research design. Data were collected from learner nurses using individual interviews. Tesch’s open coding method was utilized to analyze data. The findings revealed that there are limited resources in clinical facilities, related to the shortage of water supply, inadequate handwashing equipment, and shortage of supplies. The study also revealed that there is a high and heavy workload with limited human resources. The study suggests that healthcare settings need adequate resources to maintain five moments of hand hygiene.
Assessing future flood inundation in Nandigama through land use, land cover, and rainfall analysis
Authors: Reddy Poli Sainath , Bhavani R.
Published: November 2023

Frequent occurrences of high-intensity rainfall have made urban flooding a significant problem. In the present study, flood inundation maps were prepared for the years 2030 and 2035 based on changes in future land use and land cover (LULC) and rainfall patterns in Nandigama, located in Andhra Pradesh, India. The Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modelling System Hydrologic and Hydrologic Engineering Center–River Analysis System hydraulic models were used to assess future runoff and flood inundation areas for the above years. Future LULC and hydro-meteorological data were analysed and incorporated into the models. Predicted LULC maps showed a high level of agreement with actual LULC maps, as indicated by a Kappa index of 88.34%. The average peak runoff flowing out of the basin increased by 1.82%–3.43% for years 2030–2035, respectively. When considering the average inundation percentage area in Nandigama, it was found that 12.73% and 13.83% of the area flooded in both years. The study recommendations give more attention to the Nandigama flood management authority.
Serum Copper, Iron, and Total Iron Binding Capacity in Hypothyroidism: A Case Control Study
Authors: Manger Priyanka Thapa , Yadav Gyanendra Kumar , Tiwari Dhananjay , Awasthi Richa , Verma Durga Prasad
Published: November 2023

Background: Thyroid hormone metabolism is linked to iron metabolism. Thyroperoxidase, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, is iron-dependent. Thus, iron deficiency might be the primary cause of hypothyroidism. Copper is another trace element that has been linked to thyroid status. Copper regulates excessive thyroxine (T4) absorption and reduces cell damage during thyroid hormone synthesis. The present study clarified the possible correlations between iron and copper levels as well as total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and triiodothyronine (T3), T4, as well as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in healthy and hypothyroid subjects.Materials and methods: Thirty-five healthy subjects and 35 hypothyroid subjects were included in this study. Serum T3, T4, and TSH levels were measured using the enzyme linked fluorescence assay. Serum iron levels and TIBC were estimated using ferrozine/magnesium carbonate method, while serum copper levels were estimated using colorimetric method.Results: Copper levels were not significantly different between healthy and hypothyroid subjects. Iron and T4 levels were significantly lower in hypothyroid subjects compared with those in healthy subjects, while TIBC and TSH levels were significantly higher. There was no significant correlation between copper levels and T3, T4, and TSH levels.Conclusion: There were inverse correlations between TIBC and T4 as well as iron levels, and there was no significant correlation between copper levels and all thyroid function parameters. Routine examination of iron levels and thyroid function is highly recommended for early diagnosis and therapy of hypothyroidism.Keywords: total iron binding capacity, iron, copper, hypothyroidism
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Telmisartan-loaded
Novel Curcumin-tagged Solid Nanodispersion for the Treatment of
Diabetic Nephropathy in an Animal Model
Authors: Rawat Aruna , Jhawat Vikas , Chauhan Samrat , Dutt Rohit
Published: November 2023

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of telmisartan-loaded novel curcumin-tagged solid nanodispersion in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic nephropathy in Wistar rats.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of a novel curcumin-tagged solid nanodispersion loaded with telmisartan, with the aim of assessing its potential as a treatment for diabetic nephropathy in an animal model. Specifically, the following objectives will be addressed: formulation and character-ization, in vitro evaluation, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics evaluation, and compara-tive analysis.

Materials and Methods:

Telmisartan-loaded curcumin-tagged solid nanodispersion was prepared using the emulsion solvent evaporation method. The optimized formulation was evaluated for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters in an animal model. Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups, with 6 animals in each group. Diabetes was induced using nicotinamide (240 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.) injections in the animals. After 30 to 45 days of intro-duction, diabetic nephropathy was manifested. The kidneys and pancreas were used for histological analysis and renal and pancreatic damage assessment.

Results:

In-vivo studies showed better bioavailability with the t1/2 and Cmax of TLS-15 was 14.92 ± 0.47 hours and 0.32 ± 0.009, respectively, within 2 hours as compared to the t1/2 and Cmax of MP was 4.38 ± 0.19 hours and 0.19 ± 0.008 owing to the better dissolution due to solubility improvement. When compared to the commercially available product, TLS-15 was found to have blood glucose and body weight that were, respectively, 1.01 and 1.03 times higher. Kidney measures, such as serum urea and creatinine, were found to be 0.71 and 1.16 times lower for TLS-15, respectively, and albumin had a value that was 1.13 times higher than for the commercial formulation. Urine indicators, urine albumin, and creatinine estimations, as well as cytokine estimations, revealed that TLS-15 had creatinine levels that were 1.17 times higher and IL-6 lev-els that were 0.77 times higher than those of a commercial batch.

Conclusion:

The findings strongly support the renoprotective and pancreatic protective effects of TLS and Cur (SND-Solid Nanodispersion) combined by lowering levels of cytokines factor (IL-6), kidney, and lipid parameters. The postulated mechanism might be the combined inhibitory action of TLS and Cur.
Corrigendum to: β-Barrel Membrane Bacterial Proteins: Structure, Function,
Assembly and Interaction with Lipids
Authors: Galdiero Stefania , Galdiero Massimiliano , Pedone Carlo
Published: November 2023

The authors declare after the publication of the article titled ‘β-Barrel Membrane Bacterial Proteins: Structure, Function, Assembly
and Interaction with Lipids’’, published in Current Protein and Peptide Science, 2007, 8, 63-82 [1], that a reference by
Koebnik was inadvertently omitted. The missing reference has now been included as:

Original:

All donors and acceptors are saturated intrasegmentally in -helices or intersegmentally in -barrels by the formation of hydrogen
bonds between adjacent -strands [1].

[1] Rosenbusch, J.P. (1988) Zentralbl. Bakteriol. 17, 259-266.

Corrected:
All donors and acceptors are saturated intrasegmentally in α-helices or intersegmentally in β-barrels by the formation of hydrogen
bonds between adjacent β-strands [1a, 1b].

[1a] Rosenbusch, J.P. (1988) Zentralbl. Bakteriol. 17, 259-266.

[1b] Koebnik, R.; Locher, K.P.; Gelder, P.V. Structure and function of bacterial outer membrane proteins: barrels in a nutshell.
Mol. Biol., 2000, 37(2), 239-53.

The original article can be found online at: https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/22780

We regret the error and apologize to readers.

Details of the error and a correction are provided here.
Evaluation of the Accuracy, Credibility, and Readability of Statin-Related Websites: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ling Eunice , de Pieri Domenico , Loh Evenne , Scott Karen M , Li Stephen C H , Medbury Heather J
Published: November 2023

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the greatest burden of mortality worldwide, and statins are the most commonly prescribed drug in its management. A wealth of information pertaining to statins and their side effects is on the internet; however, to date, no assessment of the accuracy, credibility, and readability of this information has been undertaken.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the quality (accuracy, credibility, and readability) of websites likely to be visited by the general public undertaking a Google search of the side effects and use of statin medications.

Methods

Following a Google web search, we reviewed the top 20 consumer-focused websites with statin information. Website accuracy, credibility, and readability were assessed based on website category (commercial, not-for-profit, and media), website rank, and the presence or absence of the Health on the Net Code of Conduct (HONcode) seal. Accuracy and credibility were assessed following the development of checklists (with 20 and 13 items, respectively). Readability was assessed using the Simple Measure of Gobbledegook scores.

Results

Overall, the accuracy score was low (mean 14.35 out of 20). While side effects were comprehensively covered by 18 websites, there was little information about statin use in primary and secondary prevention. None of the websites met all criteria on the credibility checklist (mean 7.8 out of 13). The median Simple Measure of Gobbledegook score was 9.65 (IQR 8.825-10.85), with none of the websites meeting the recommended reading grade of 6, even the media websites. A website bearing the HONcode seal did not mean that the website was more comprehensive or readable.

Conclusions

The quality of statin-related websites tended to be poor. Although the information contained was accurate, it was not comprehensive and was presented at a reading level that was too difficult for an average reader to fully comprehend. As such, consumers risk being uninformed about this pharmacotherapy.