bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monophosphoryl lipid A prevents impairment of medullary thick ascending limb HCO3− absorption and improves plasma HCO3− concentration in septic mice
Authors: Watts Bruns A. , George Thampi , Sherwood Edward R. , Good David W.
Published: May 2018

Metabolic acidosis is the most common acid-base disorder in septic patients and is associated with increased mortality. Previously, we demonstrated that sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) impairs [Formula: see text] absorption in the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) by 1) decreasing the intrinsic [Formula: see text] absorptive capacity and 2) enhancing inhibition of [Formula: see text] absorption by LPS through upregulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling. Both effects depend on ERK activation. Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) is a detoxified TLR4 agonist that enhances innate antimicrobial immunity and improves survival following sepsis. Pretreatment of MTALs with MPLA in vitro prevents LPS inhibition of [Formula: see text] absorption. Here we examined whether pretreatment with MPLA would protect the MTAL against sepsis. Vehicle or MPLA was administered to mice 48 h before sham or CLP surgery, and MTALs were studied in vitro 18 h postsurgery. Pretreatment with MPLA prevented the effects of sepsis to decrease the basal [Formula: see text] absorption rate and enhance inhibition by LPS. These protective effects were mediated through MPLA stimulation of a Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β-(TRIF)-dependent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway that prevents sepsis- and LPS-induced ERK activation. The effects of MPLA to improve MTAL [Formula: see text] absorption were associated with marked improvement in plasma [Formula: see text] concentration, supporting a role for the kidneys in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced metabolic acidosis. These studies support detoxified TLR4-based immunomodulators, such as MPLA, that enhance antimicrobial responses as a safe and effective approach to prevent or treat sepsis-induced renal tubule dysfunction and identify cell signaling pathways that can be targeted to preserve MTAL [Formula: see text] absorption and attenuate metabolic acidosis during sepsis.
Modulation of motor cortical excitability with auditory stimulation
Authors: Löfberg Olli , Julkunen Petro , Kallioniemi Elisa , Pääkkönen Ari , Karhu Jari
Published: May 2018

Loud sounds have been demonstrated to increase motor cortex excitability when transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is synchronized with auditory evoked N100 potential measured from electroencephalography (EEG). The N100 potential is generated by an afferent response to sound onset and feature analysis, and upon novel sound it is also related to the arousal reaction. The arousal reaction is known to originate from the ascending reticular activating system of the brain stem and to modulate neuronal activity throughout the central nervous system. In this study we investigated the difference in motor evoked potentials (MEPs) when deviant and novelty stimuli were randomly interspersed in a train of standard tones. Twelve healthy subjects participated in this study. Three types of sound stimuli were used: 1) standard stimuli (800 Hz), 2) deviant stimuli (560 Hz), and 3) novelty stimuli (12 different sounds). In each stimulus sequence 600 stimuli were given. Of these, 90 were deviant stimuli randomly placed between the standard stimuli. Each of 12 novel sounds was presented once in pseudorandomized order. TMS was randomly mixed with the sound stimuli so that it was either synchronized with the individual N100 or trailed the sound onset by 200 ms. All sounds elicited an increase in motor cortex excitability. The type of sound had no significant effect. We also demonstrated that TMS timed at 200-ms intervals caused a significant increment of MEPs. This contradicted our hypothesis that MEP amplitudes to TMS synchronized with N100 would be greater than those to TMS at 200 ms after a sound and remains unexplained.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated modulation of motor cortical excitability with parallel auditory stimulus by combining navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with auditory stimuli. TMS was synchronized with auditory evoked potentials considered to be generated by the unconscious attention call process in the auditory system.
Dendritic Ca2+dynamics and multimodal processing in a cricket antennal interneuron
Authors: Bayley Timothy George , Hedwig Berthold
Published: May 2018

The integration of stimuli of different modalities is fundamental to information processing within the nervous system. A descending interneuron in the cricket brain, with prominent dendrites in the deutocerebrum, receives input from three sensory modalities: touch of the antennal flagellum, strain of the antennal base, and visual stimulation. Using calcium imaging, we demonstrate that each modality drives a Ca2+increase in a different dendritic region. Moreover, touch of the flagellum is represented in a topographic map along the neuron’s dendrites. Using intracellular recording, we investigated the effects of Ca2+on spike shape through the application of the Ca2+channel antagonist Cd2+and identified probable Ca2+-dependent K+currents.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Different dendritic regions of the cricket brain neuron DBNi1-2 showed localized Ca2+increases when three modalities of stimulation (touch of the flagellum, strain at antennal base, and visual input) were given. Touch stimulation induces localized Ca2+increases according to a topographic map of the antenna. Ca2+appears to activate K+currents in DBNi1-2.
Hierarchical stimulus processing in rodent primary and lateral visual cortex as assessed through neuronal selectivity and repetition suppression
Authors: Kaliukhovich Dzmitry A. , Op de Beeck Hans
Published: May 2018

Similar to primates, visual cortex in rodents appears to be organized in two distinct hierarchical streams. However, there is still little known about how visual information is processed along those streams in rodents. In this study, we examined how repetition suppression and position and clutter tolerance of the neuronal representations evolve along the putative ventral visual stream in rats. To address this question, we recorded multiunit spiking activity in primary visual cortex (V1) and the more downstream visual laterointermediate (LI) area of head-restrained Long-Evans rats. We employed a paradigm reminiscent of the continuous carry-over design used in human neuroimaging. In both areas, stimulus repetition attenuated the early phase of the neuronal response to the repeated stimulus, with this response suppression being greater in area LI. Furthermore, stimulus preferences were more similar across positions (position tolerance) in area LI than in V1, even though the absolute responses in both areas were very sensitive to changes in position. In contrast, the neuronal representations in both areas were equally good at tolerating the presence of limited visual clutter, as modeled by the presentation of a single flank stimulus. When probing tolerance of the neuronal representations with stimulus-specific adaptation, we detected no position tolerance in either examined brain area, whereas, on the contrary, we revealed clutter tolerance in both areas. Overall, our data demonstrate similarities and discrepancies in processing of visual information along the ventral visual stream of rodents and primates. Moreover, our results stress caution in using neuronal adaptation to probe tolerance of the neuronal representations.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Rodents are emerging as a popular animal model that complement primates for studying higher level visual functions. Similar to findings in primates, we demonstrate a greater repetition suppression and position tolerance of the neuronal representations in the downstream laterointermediate area of Long-Evans rats compared with primary visual cortex. However, we report no difference in the degree of clutter tolerance between the areas. These findings provide additional evidence for hierarchical processing of visual stimuli in rodents.
Case Studies in Neuroscience: Sensations elicited and discrimination ability from nerve cuff stimulation in an amputee over time
Authors: Ackerley Rochelle , Backlund Wasling Helena , Ortiz-Catalan Max , Brånemark Rickard , Wessberg Johan
Published: May 2018

The present case study details sensations elicited by electrical stimulation of peripheral nerve axons using an implanted nerve cuff electrode, in a participant with a transhumeral amputation. The participant uses an osseointegrated electromechanical interface, which enables skeletal attachment of the prosthesis and long-term, stable, bidirectional communication between the implanted electrodes and prosthetic arm. We focused on evoking somatosensory percepts, where we tracked and quantified the evolution of perceived sensations in the missing hand, which were evoked from electrical stimulation of the nerve, for over 2 yr. These sensations included small, pointlike areas of either vibration or pushing, to larger sensations over wider areas, indicating the recruitment of a few and many afferents, respectively. Furthermore, we used a two-alternative forced choice paradigm to measure the level of discrimination between trains of brief electrical stimuli, to gauge what the participant could reliably distinguish between. At best, the participant was able to distinguish a 0.5-Hz difference and on average acquired a 3.8-Hz just-noticeable difference at a more stringent psychophysical level. The current work shows the feasibility for long-term sensory feedback in prostheses, via electrical axonal stimulation, where small and relatively stable percepts were felt that may be used to deliver graded sensory feedback. This opens up opportunities for signaling feedback during movements (e.g., for precision grip), but also for conveying more complex cutaneous sensations, such as texture.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate the long-term stability and generation of sensations from electrical peripheral nerve stimulation in an amputee, through an osseointegrated implant. We find that perceived tactilelike sensations could be generated for over 2 yr, in the missing hand. This is useful for prosthetic development and the implementation of feedback in artificial body parts.
Extragastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Differential Diagnosis of Compressive Upper Abdominal Tumor
Authors: Miyahira Clara Kimie , Bonfitto Miguel , de Lima Farto Jéssyca Fernanda , de Figueiredo Calili Annelise , da Silva Sousa Nathalia Rabello , de Figueiredo Calili Ana Paula
Published: May 2018

Introduction. Extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGIST) are rare mesenchymal tumor lesions located outside the gastrointestinal tract. A rare compressing tumor with difficult diagnosis is reported.Presentation of the Case.A male patient, 63 years old, was admitted in the emergency room complaining of stretching and continuous abdominal pain for one day. He took Hyoscine, with partial improvement of symptoms, but got worse due to hyporexia, and the abdominal pain persisted. The patient also reported early satiety and ten-pound weight loss over the last month.Discussion.EGIST could be assessed by CT-guided biopsy, leading to diagnosis and proper treatment with surgical resection or Imatinib.Conclusion. This case report highlights the importance of considering EGIST an important differential diagnosis of compressing upper abdominal tumors.
Effect of pH and Mexican Oregano (Lippia berlandieri Schauer) Essential Oil Added to Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Starch Edible Films on Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Navarro-Cruz Addí Rhode , Ochoa-Velasco Carlos Enrique , Caballero-Alvarez Francisco Javier , Lazcano-Hernández Martin Alvaro , Vera-López Obdulia , López-Malo Aurelio , Avila-Sosa Raul
Published: May 2018

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of pH and Mexican oregano essential oil (MOEO) added to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and starch (S) edible films on Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. CMC and S edible films were formulated with different concentrations (0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1%) of MOEO at different pH (5, 6, or 7). Antimicrobial assay was performed. Inhibition curves were fitted to the Fermi model. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found in tc (time to reduce 50% of microbial population) and a (slope of the curve around tc), being lower at acidic pH. For L. monocytogenes, CMC films exhibited a higher antimicrobial effectiveness (0.50% of MOEO) compared to S films which need a higher concentration of MOEO (0.75%). S. aureus was inhibited with CMC films at 0.50% MOEO and pH 5 and 6. Microbial modeling has allowed estimating key intrinsic factors as pH and MOEO concentration with the synergistic effect against two important food-borne pathogens.
Perinatal Lethal Gaucher Disease due to RecNcil Recombinant Mutation in the GBA Gene Presenting with Hydrops Fetalis and Severe Congenital Anemia
Authors: Bhutada Ekta , Pyragius Timothy , Petersen Scott G. , Niemann Frans , Matsika Admire
Published: May 2018

A 35-year-old woman presented at 27-week gestation with hypertension and pedal edema. Antenatal scan showed hydrops fetalis and growth restriction. Cordocentesis showed severe fetal anemia. This was treated with multiple in utero blood transfusions with no clinically significant improvement and intrauterine death occurred at 28 weeks. Perinatal autopsy confirmed severe hydrops with hepatosplenomegaly and visceral effusions. Microscopic examination of the reticuloendothelial organs showed widespread infiltration by large mono- and multinucleate histiocytic cells with fibrillary appearance (“Gaucher cells”). DNA extracted from fetal tissue was submitted for analysis by next generation sequencing which revealed homozygosity for the RecNcil mutation in the GBA gene. Both parents were found to be heterozygous for the variant. The case report highlights a severe form of Gaucher disease with histopathological and molecular confirmation that presents with hydrops fetalis and severe refractory anemia. It also emphasizes the importance of perinatal autopsy coupled with exome sequencing in confirming syndromic diagnosis in the modern area.
Estimation of Food Security Risk Level UsingZ-Number-Based Fuzzy System
Authors: Abiyev Rahib H. , Uyar Kaan , Ilhan Umit , Imanov Elbrus , Abiyeva Esmira
Published: May 2018

Fuzzy logic systems based on If-Then rules are widely used for modelling of the systems characterizing imprecise and uncertain information. These systems are basically based on type-1 fuzzy sets and allow handling the uncertain and imprecise information to some degree in the developed models. Zadeh extended the concept of fuzzy sets and proposedZ-number characterized by two components, constraint and reliability parameters, which are an ordered pair of fuzzy numbers. Here, the first component is used to represent uncertain information, and the second component is used to evaluate the reliability or the confidence in truth.Z-number is an effective approach to solving uncertain problems. In this paper,Z-number-based fuzzy system is proposed for estimation of food security risk level. To construct fuzzy If-Then rules, the basic parameters cereal yield, cereal production, and economic growth affecting food security are selected, and the relationship between these input parameters and risk level are determined through If-Then fuzzy rules. The fuzzy interpolative reasoning is proposed for construction of inference mechanism of aZ-number-based fuzzy system. The designed system is tested using Turkey cereal data for assessing food security risk level and prediction periods of the food supply.
Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20): A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Song Sang-Wook , Kang Sung-Goo , Kim Kyung-Soo , Kim Moon-Jong , Kim Kwang-Min , Cho Doo-Yeoun , Kim Young-Sang , Joo Nam-Seok , Kim Kyu-Nam
Published: May 2018

Introduction. A nonspecific symptom, fatigue accompanies a variety of diseases, including cancer, and can have a grave impact on patients’ quality of life. As for multidimensional instruments, one of the most widely used is the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI). This study aims to verify the reliability and validity of the MFI Korean (MFI-K) version. Materials and Method. This study was performed at four university hospitals in the Republic of Korea. Among outpatients visiting the Department of Family Medicine, those complaining of fatigue or visiting a chronic care clinic were enrolled in this study. A total of 595 participants were included, and the mean age was 42.2 years. Results. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the MFI-K was 0.88. The MFI-K had good convergent validity. Most subscales of the MFI-K were significantly correlated with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). In particular, general and physical fatigue had the greatest correlation with the VAS and FSS. Although the English version of MFI had five subscales, the factor analysis led to four subscales in the Korean version. Conclusion. This study demonstrated the clinical usefulness of MFI-K instrument, particularly in assessing the degree of fatigue and performing a multidimensional assessment of fatigue.
Acceptability and Feasibility of Integrating Point-of-Care Diagnostic Testing of Sexually Transmitted Infections into a South African Antenatal Care Program for HIV-Infected Pregnant Women
Authors: Morikawa E. , Mudau M. , Olivier D. , de Vos L. , Joseph Davey D. , Price C. , McIntyre J. A. , Peters R. P. , Klausner J. D. , Medina-Marino A.
Published: May 2018

Background. Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infections may increase the risk of vertical transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In resource-limited settings, symptomatic screening, and syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) during pregnancy continue to be the standard of care. In the absence of diagnostic testing, asymptomatic infections in pregnant women go untreated. Objective. To describe the acceptability and feasibility of integrating diagnostic STI screening into first antenatal care visits for HIV-infected pregnant women. Methods. HIV-infected pregnant women were recruited during their first antenatal care visit from three antenatal care clinics in Tshwane District, South Africa, between June 2016 and October 2017. Self-collected vaginal swabs were used to screen for CT, NG, and TV with a diagnostic point-of-care (POC) nucleic acid amplification test. Those with STIs were provided treatment per South African national guidelines. Results. Of 442 eligible women, 430 (97.3%) agreed to participate and were tested. Of those with a positive STI test result (n = 173; 40.2%), 159 (91.9%) received same-day results and treatment; 100% of STI-infected women were treated within seven days. Conclusions. Integration of POC diagnostic STI screening into first-visit antenatal care services was feasible and highly acceptable for HIV-infected pregnant women.
Non‐Provitamin A and Provitamin A Carotenoids as Immunomodulators: Recommended Dietary Allowance, Therapeutic Index, or Personalized Nutrition?
Authors: Toti Elisabetta , Chen C.-Y. Oliver , Palmery Maura , Villaño Valencia Débora , Peluso Ilaria
Published: May 2018

Vegetables and fruits contain non‐provitamin A (lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin) and provitamin A (β‐carotene, β‐cryptoxanthin, and α‐carotene) carotenoids. Within these compounds, β‐carotene has been extensively studied for its health benefits, but its supplementation at doses higher than recommended intakes induces adverse effects. β‐Carotene is converted to retinoic acid (RA), a well‐known immunomodulatory molecule. Human interventions suggest that β‐carotene and lycopene at pharmacological doses affect immune functions after a depletion period of low carotenoid diet. However, these effects appear unrelated to carotenoids and retinol levels in plasma. Local production of RA in the gut‐associated lymphoid tissue, as well as the dependency of RA‐induced effects on local inflammation, suggests that personalized nutrition/supplementation should be considered in the future. On the other hand, the differential effect of RA and lycopene on transforming growth factor‐beta suggests that lycopene supplementation could improve immune functions without increasing risk for cancers. However, such preclinical evidence must be confirmed in human interventions before any recommendations can be made.
Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase B1 Regulates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Invasion via the Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase Pathway and Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: He Qiang , Li Hui , Meng Fanzhi , Sun Xiangjun , Feng Xu , Chen Jiang , Li Libo , Liu Jinghua
Published: May 2018

Methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 (MsrB1) is a member of the selenoprotein family, which contributes to the reduction of methionine sulfoxides produced from reactive oxygen species (ROS) by redox processes in energy pathways. However, few studies have examined the role of MsrB1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We observed that MsrB1 is highly expressed in HCC tissues and that its expression correlated with the prognoses of patients with HCC after hepatectomy. In vitro, knockdown of MsrB1 inhibits HCC cell growth by MTT and EdU proliferation assay, and MsrB1 interference enhances H2O2/trx‐induced apoptosis. We observed that phosphorylation of the key proteins of the MAPK pathway, namely, ERK, MEK, and p53, was inhibited, but PARP and caspase 3 were increased, thus infecting mitochondrial integrity. In vivo, MsrB1 knockdown effectively inhibited tumor growth. Furthermore, MsrB1 knockdown reduced HCC cell migration and invasion in a transwell assay through inhibition of cytoskeletal rearrangement and spread. This change was linked to epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) inhibition resulting from increases in E‐cadherin expression and decreases in expression in TGF‐β1, Slug, MMP‐2/9, and so on. MsrB1 regulates HCC cell proliferation and migration by modulating the MAPK pathway and EMT. Thus, MsrB1 may be a novel therapeutic target with respect to the treatment of HCC.
Search for Vector Charmonium(-Like) States in the e+e-→ηJ/ψ Line Shape
Authors: Zhang Jielei , Wang Rumin
Published: May 2018

The cross section of e+e-→ηJ/ψ has been measured by BESIII and Belle experiments. Fit to the e+e-→ηJ/ψ line shape, the resonant structures are evident. The parameters for the three resonant structures are M1=(3980±17±7) MeV/c2, Γ1=(104±32±13) MeV; M2=(4219±5±4) MeV/c2, Γ2=(63±9±3) MeV; and M3=(4401±12±4) MeV/c2, Γ3=(49±19±4) MeV, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. We attribute the three structures to ψ(4040), Y(4220), and ψ(4415) states. The branching fractions B(ψ(4040)→ηJ/ψ) and B(ψ(4415)→ηJ/ψ) are given. If Y(4220) is taken as ψ(4S) state, the branching fraction B(ψ(4S)→ηJ/ψ) is also given. Combining all Y(4220) parameters obtained from different decays, we give average parameters for Y(4220), which are MY(4220)=(4220.8±2.4) MeV/c2, ΓY(4220)=(54.8±3.3) MeV.
Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, and Thermal and Cytotoxicity Studies of Cr(III), Ru(III), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) Complexes of Schiff Base Derived from 5-Hydroxymethylfuran-2-carbaldehyde
Authors: Alturiqi Amani S. , Alaghaz Abdel-Nasser M. A. , Ammar Reda A. , Zayed Mohamed E.
Published: May 2018

Coordination compounds of Cr(III), Ru(III), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) ions were synthesized from the furan ligand [5-hydroxymethylfuran-2-yl-methyleneaminoquinolin-2-one] (H-MFMAQ) derived from the condensation of 5-hydroxymethylfuran-2-carbaldehyde and 1-aminoquinolin-2(1H)-one. Elemental analytical data, IR, NMR (1H, 13C, and 15N), EPR, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, TGA, mass, molar conductance, magnetic moment, and UV-Visible spectra techniques were used to confirm the structure of the synthesized chelates. According to the data obtained, the composition of the 1 : 1 metal ions : furan Schiff base ligand was found to be [M(MFMAQ)Cl2] (M = Cr(III) and Ru(III)) and [M(MFMAQ)Cl(H2O)]·nH2O in which (M = Mn(II); n=1, Co(II); n=0, Ni(II); n=2, Cu(II); n=0 and Zn(II); n=2.5). The measurements of magnetic susceptibility, ligand field parameter, and reflectance spectra suggested an octahedral geometry for the complexes. Central metals ions and furan Schiff base coordinated via O3 and N donor sites which was observed from IR spectra. The cytotoxic activities of all inspected compounds were evaluated towards human breast (MCF-7) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines.
The Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Aflatoxins В1 and М1 on a Glassy-Carbon Electrode
Authors: Slepchenko G. B. , Gindullina T. M. , Gavrilova M. A. , Auelbekova A. Zh.
Published: May 2018

For the first time, the possibility of using stripping voltammetry for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins В1 and М1 on a glassy-carbon electrode has been shown. The influence of various factors (Еэ, τэ, w, and the nature of the background electrolyte) on the potential and magnitude of the oxidation current of mycotoxins has been estimated. Working conditions for voltammetric determination and reproducibility of analytical signals for two mycotoxins have been selected. The mutual influence of aflatoxins В1 and М1 on the value of analytical signals in their simultaneous presence has been studied. It has been found that, in the range of their detectable contents, the presence of aflatoxin В1 reduces the analytical signal of aflatoxin М1 by 45–50%, but the linearity of the calibration dependence is preserved. The content of aflatoxin М1 in determination of aflatoxin B1 does not exert a significant effect in the range of 10–15%. Based on the results obtained, a procedure has been proposed for determining the content of aflatoxins В1 and М1 in their joint presence in milk by voltammetry in the concentration ranges 2 × 10−3 ÷ 2 × 10−1 mg/dm3 and 2 × 10−4 ÷ 2 × 10−2 mg/dm3, respectively (Sr not more than 18%).
Comprehensive Synthesis Study of Well-Dispersed and Solution-Processed Metal Nanowires for Transparent Heaters
Authors: Bobinger Marco , Dergianlis Vasileios , Becherer Markus , Lugli Paolo
Published: May 2018

We review and extend the numerous polyol-based synthesis protocols and postdeposition treatments that have been reported for silver nanowires (AgNWs). After tailoring substantial process parameters such as the process time, temperature as well as the stirring speed, the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to silver nitrate (AgNO3) ratio, and the type of PVP, a high mean aspect ratio of 800 could be achieved. Interestingly, the addition of a small portion of potassium chloride (KCl) not only leads to a reduction in diameter but also extremely enhances the nanowire dispersion and its stability. This effect is attributed to the role of KCl, which, along with PVP, acts as a cocapping agent. Furthermore, sprayed AgNW and copper nanowire (CuNW) films were tested as transparent heaters. The AgNWs could be operated at a power density of at least 0.72 W/cm2, which corresponds to a temperature of 213°C, whereas the CuNWs failed at a power density and temperature of 0.4 W/cm2 and 150°C, respectively. Interestingly, the degradation of AgNWs shows a step-wise behavior and is mainly dominated by fragmentation, while the CuNWs are gradually oxidized.
The Comprehensive Therapy of Electroacupuncture Promotes Regeneration of Nerve Fibers and Motor Function Recovery in Rats after Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Li Yi-Fan , Li Tie , Zhang Da-Wei , Xue Hui , Chen Dong , Li Chen , Wang Fu-Chun
Published: May 2018

The present study aimed to evaluate the role of the combination treatment of methylprednisolone (MP) and electroacupuncture (EA) in regeneration of nerve fibers and functional recovery in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). Female Wistar rats were used for an SCI model by using a weight‐drop hammer at levels T10 (spinal cord segment corresponding to the 10th thoracic vertebra). Four groups received different treatments for the study: SCI control, MP, MP and EA, and Sham. The growth of nerve fibers was examined by counting fluorescein positive nerve fibers. The motor functional recovery was evaluated by Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) score, and electrophysiology analysis. We found that, compared to MP groups, there were more well‐oriented and paralleled fluorescein positive nerve fibers in MP and EA group. Both latencies and amplitudes of the Motor Evoked Potential (MEP) in the combination therapy of MP and EA were higher than MP group. Additionally, recovered hindlimb movements were sustained in most rats in the MP and EA group. Our study indicated that combination therapies could become a powerful treatment for SCI in rats.
Study on Viscoelastic Deformation Monitoring Index of an RCC Gravity Dam in an Alpine Region Using Orthogonal Test Design
Authors: Huang Yaoying , Wan Zhiyong
Published: May 2018

The main objective of this study is to present a method of determining viscoelastic deformation monitoring index of a Roller-compacted concrete (RCC) gravity dam in an alpine region. By focusing on a modified deformation monitoring model considering frost heave and back analyzed mechanical parameters of the dam, the working state of viscoelasticity for the dam is illustrated followed by an investigation and designation of adverse load cases using orthogonal test method. Water pressure component is then calculated by finite element method, while temperature, time effect, and frost heave components are obtained through deformation statistical model considering frost heave. The viscoelastic deformation monitoring index is eventually determined by small probability and maximum entropy methods. The results show that (a) with the abnormal probability 1% the dam deformation monitoring index for small probability and maximum entropy methods is 23.703 mm and 22.981 mm, respectively; thus the maximum measured displacement of the dam is less than deformation monitoring index, which indicates that the dam is currently in a state of safety operation and (b) the obtained deformation monitoring index using orthogonal test method is more accurate due to the full consideration of more random factors; the method gained from this study will likely be of use to diagnose the working state for those RCC dams in alpine regions.
Transcapsular Buttonholing of the Proximal Ulna as a Cause for Irreducible Pediatric Anterior Elbow Dislocation
Authors: Patel Nick N. , Bruce Robert W.
Published: May 2018

Anterior elbow dislocations in the pediatric population represent rare and sometimes difficult injuries to manage. Associated olecranon fractures are even more uncommon with limited literature existing on the topic. We present the case of a six-year-old male with a traumatic transolecranon anterior elbow fracture dislocation in whom closed reduction was prevented by buttonholing of the proximal ulna through the anterior joint capsule. This case of pediatric anterior elbow fracture dislocation provides insight into an uncommon and challenging injury complex.
SIRT1 Activity in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Correlates with Altered Lung Function in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Conti Valeria , Corbi Graziamaria , Manzo Valentina , Malangone Paola , Vitale Carolina , Maglio Angelantonio , Cotugno Roberta , Capaccio Damiano , Marino Luigi , Selleri Carmine , Stellato Cristiana , Filippelli Amelia , Vatrella Alessandro
Published: May 2018

Background. Oxidative stress is a recognized pathogenic mechanism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Expression of the NAD+‐dependent deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an antiaging molecule with a key role in oxidative stress response, has been described as decreased in the lung of COPD patients. No studies so far investigated whether systemic SIRT1 activity was associated to decreased lung function in this disease. Methods. We measured SIRT1 protein expression and activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and oxidative stress index (TOS/TEAC) in the plasma of 25 COPD patients, 20 healthy nonsmokers (HnS), and 20 healthy smokers (HS). Results. The activity of SIRT1 was significantly lower in COPD patients compared to both control groups while protein expression decreased progressively (HnS > HS > COPD). TOS levels were significantly lower in HnS than in smoke‐associated subjects (COPD and HS), while TEAC levels were progressively lower according (HnS > HS > COPD). In COPD patients, SIRT1 activity, but not protein levels, correlated significantly with both lung function parameters (FEV1/FVC and FEV1) and TEAC. Conclusions. These findings suggest loss of SIRT1‐driven antioxidant activity as relevant in COPD pathogenesis and identify SIRT1 activity as a potential convenient biomarker for identification of mild/moderate, stable COPD.
Stochastic Simulation of Soot Formation Evolution in Counterflow Diffusion Flames
Authors: Jiang Xiao , Zhou Kun , Xiao Ming , Sun Ke , Wang Yu
Published: May 2018

Soot generally refers to carbonaceous particles formed during incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. A typical simulation of soot formation and evolution contains two parts: gas chemical kinetics, which models the chemical reaction from hydrocarbon fuels to soot precursors, that is, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or PAHs, and soot dynamics, which models the soot formation from PAHs and evolution due to gas-soot and soot-soot interactions. In this study, two detailed gas kinetic mechanisms (ABF and KM2) have been compared during the simulation (using the solver Chemkin II) of ethylene combustion in counterflow diffusion flames. Subsequently, the operator splitting Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the soot dynamics. Both the simulated data from the two mechanisms for gas and soot particles are compared with experimental data available in the literature. It is found that both mechanisms predict similar profiles for the gas temperature and velocity, agreeing well with measurements. However, KM2 mechanism provides much closer prediction compared to measurements for soot gas precursors. Furthermore, KM2 also shows much better predictions for soot number density and volume fraction than ABF. The effect of nozzle exit velocity on soot dynamics has also been investigated. Higher nozzle exit velocity renders shorter residence time for soot particles, which reduces the soot number density and volume fraction accordingly.
Chronological Classification of Ancient Mortars Employing Spectroscopy and Spectrometry Techniques: Sagunto (Valencia, Spain) Case
Authors: Ramacciotti M. , Rubio S. , Gallello G. , Lezzerini M. , Columbu S. , Hernandez E. , Morales-Rubio A. , Pastor A. , de la Guardia M.
Published: May 2018

Forty-two mortar samples, from two archaeological excavations located in Sagunto (Valencian Community, Spain), were analysed by both portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pED-XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine major and minor elements and traces including rare earth elements (REEs). Collected data were crossed with those previously obtained from Sagunto Castle mortars, and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to discriminate the construction phases of the unearthed buildings. REE permitted to ascribe most of the masonries to the Roman Imperial period. Moreover, a statistical model was built by employing partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) in order to classify the mortars from Roman Imperial period and from Islamic period due to the problematic overlapping between these two phases. Results confirmed the effectiveness of the developed indirect chronology method, based on REE data, to discriminate among historic mortars from different construction periods on a wide scale including different Sagunto archaeological sites.
Photoacoustic Measurement of Ethane with Near-Infrared DFB Diode Laser
Authors: Cheng Gang , Cao Yuan , Liu Kun , Zhu Gongdong , Wang Guishi , Gao Xiaoming
Published: May 2018

A compact resonant photoacoustic sensor based on a near-infrared distributed-feedback (DFB) diode laser was developed for detection of ethane (C2H6). A DFB laser emission at 5937.25 cm−1 with a power of ∼5 mW was used as an excitation light source for generating the photoacoustic signal. Wavelength modulation and second harmonic detection scheme were employed. Modulation frequency and modulation amplitude were optimized for getting optimum performance. Performance evaluation based on the linearity response of the PAS sensor system with respect to C2H6 concentration levels was performed, and a good linear dependence of the PAS signal on the C2H6 concentration was obtained. A minimum detectable concentration of 9 ppmv was achieved for detection of C2H6 with a lock-in time constant of 10 ms.
Preclinical Development of a Bispecific Antibody that Safely and Effectively Targets CD19 and CD47 for the Treatment of B-Cell Lymphoma and Leukemia
Authors: Buatois Vanessa , Johnson Zoë , Salgado-Pires Susana , Papaioannou Anne , Hatterer Eric , Chauchet Xavier , Richard Françoise , Barba Leticia , Daubeuf Bruno , Cons Laura , Broyer Lucile , D'Asaro Matilde , Matthes Thomas , LeGallou Simon , Fest Thierry , Tarte Karin , Clarke Hinojosa Robert K. , Genescà Ferrer Eulàlia , Ribera José María , Dey Aditi , Bailey Katharine , Fielding Adele K. , Eissenberg Linda , Ritchey Julie , Rettig Michael , DiPersio John F. , Kosco-Vilbois Marie H. , Masternak Krzysztof , Fischer Nicolas , Shang Limin , Ferlin Walter G.
Published: May 2018

CD47, an ubiquitously expressed innate immune checkpoint receptor that serves as a universal “don't eat me” signal of phagocytosis, is often upregulated by hematologic and solid cancers to evade immune surveillance. Development of CD47-targeted modalities is hindered by the ubiquitous expression of the target, often leading to rapid drug elimination and hemotoxicity including anemia. To overcome such liabilities, we have developed a fully human bispecific antibody, NI-1701, designed to coengage CD47 and CD19 selectively on B cells. NI-1701 demonstrates favorable elimination kinetics with no deleterious effects seen on hematologic parameters following single or multiple administrations to nonhuman primates. Potent in vitro and in vivo activity is induced by NI-1701 to kill cancer cells across a plethora of B-cell malignancies and control tumor growth in xenograft mouse models. The mechanism affording maximal tumor growth inhibition by NI-1701 is dependent on the coengagement of CD47/CD19 on B cells inducing potent antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis of the targeted cells. NI-1701–induced control of tumor growth in immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice was more effective than that achieved with the anti-CD20 targeted antibody, rituximab. Interestingly, a synergistic effect was seen when tumor-implanted mice were coadministered NI-1701 and rituximab leading to significantly improved tumor growth inhibition and regression in some animals. We describe herein, a novel bispecific antibody approach aimed at sensitizing B cells to become more readily phagocytosed and eliminated thus offering an alternative or adjunct therapeutic option to patients with B-cell malignancies refractory/resistant to anti-CD20–targeted therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(8); 1739–51. ©2018 AACR.
Influence of Commensal Microbiota on the Enteric Nervous System and Its Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Endres Kristina , Schäfer Karl-Herbert
Published: May 2018

When thinking about neurodegenerative diseases, the first symptoms that come to mind are loss of memory and learning capabilities, which all resemble hallmarks of manifestation of such diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the gut comprises the largest nervous system outside the CNS that is autonomously active and in close interplay with its microbiota. Therefore, the enteric nervous system (ENS) might serve as an indicator of degenerative pathomechanisms that also affect the CNS. On the other hand, it might offer an entry point for devastating influences from the microbial community or – conversely – for therapeutic approaches via gut commensals. Within the last years, the ENS and gut microbiota therefore have sparked the interest of researchers of CNS diseases and we here report on recent findings and open questions, especially with regard to Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases.
Neuregulin-1 Promotes Myocardial Angiogenesis in the Rat Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gui Chun , Zeng Zhi-yu  , Chen Qi , Luo Ya-wei , Li Lang , Chen Lin-lin
Published: May 2018

Background/Aims: Microvascular insufficiency takes a critical role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). So this study was designed to investigate the effects of Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) treatment on myocardial angiogenesis and the changes of VEGF/Flk1 and Ang-1/Tie-2 signaling in the rat model of DCM. Methods: Diabetic rats were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin. 12 weeks after the diabetes induction, the rats with NRG-1 treatment were treated with tail vein injection of NRG-1 at the dose of 10µg/kg/d for consecutive 10 days. Cardiac function was assessed using catheter MPA cardiac function analysis system. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was assessed with stable-isotope labeled microspheres. Capillary density was measured by CD31 immunohistochemistry. The protein expression and receptors phosphorylation were assessed using western blot. Results: Left ventricular function, capillary density and MBF were significantly reduced in DCM group when compared with those in the control group (P< 0.01, P< 0.01 and P< 0.05 respectively). Left ventricular function and capillary density were significantly increased in NRG-1 treatment group when compared with those in the DCM group (P< 0.05 and P< 0.05 respectively). The expression of VEGF and Ang-1 and the phosphorylation of Flk1 and Tie-1 were significantly decreased in DCM group as compared with those in the control group. However, those in the NRG-1 treatment group were significantly increased as compared with those in the DCM group. In vitro, NRG-1 treatment increased significantly the expression of VEGF and Ang-1 in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Conclusions: NRG-1 can increase the myocardial angiogenesis of DCM, probably via the direct effects of NRG-1 and via the increasing expression of VEGF and Ang-1. These findings may contribute to developing a novel approach to reverse the impaired angiogenic responses in diabetes or coronary artery disease.
A Tick Cysteine Protease Inhibitor RHcyst-1 Exhibits Antitumor Potential
Authors: Wei Nana , Lin Zhibing , Xu Zhengmao , Cao Jie , Zhou Yongzhi , Zhang Houshuang , Gong Haiyan , Zhou Jinlin , Li Guoqing
Published: May 2018

Background/Aims: We previously identified a potent and tight-binding inhibitor of cysteine proteases from Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, RHcyst-1, which belongs to the cystatin type 1 family. Cathepsins, which are members of the cysteine protease family, participate in various pathological processes, including the initiation and development of cancers. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of RHcyst-1 and to explore the underlying mechanism of these effects. Methods: Different tumor cells were treated with RHcyst-1 in vitro. Proliferation activity was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8, and migration and invasion were determined by wound healing and Transwell® invasion assays. In addition, a mouse tumor therapy model was established by inoculating the left forelimb of mice with B16-F10 cells, and tumor progression was evaluated by assessing tumor volume and survival. Flow cytometry was conducted to evaluate myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), CD4+, and CD8+ T cell levels in PBMCs and spleens. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze immune cell infiltration and angiogenesis in the tumors. Results: RHcyst-1 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of all four different tumor cells in vitro. Additionally, it inhibited tumor growth and improved survival in vivo. A decrease and an increase in MDSCs levels were observed in PBMCs and in the spleen, respectively, after RHcyst-1 application. Conclusions: Tick RHcyst-1 has potential antitumor efficacy, and the observed antitumor activities may be partly attributable to changes in cathepsin expression and MDSCs levels in the PBMCs and spleens. The findings of the present study suggest that RHcyst-1 may have the potential to be utilized in cancer treatment.
FG-4592 Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing by Epidermal Stem Cell Activation via HIF-1α Stabilization
Authors: Tang Di , Zhang Junhui , Yan Tiantian , Wei Jingyu , Jiang Xupin , Zhang Dongxia , Zhang Qiong , Jia Jiezhi , Huang Yuesheng
Published: May 2018

Background/Aims: Regional hypoxia promptly develops after trauma because of microvascular injury and increased oxygen consumption. This acute hypoxia plays a positive role in early skin wound healing. One of the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of acute hypoxia on wound healing may be increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) expression. HIF-1α may affect the wound-healing process through many aspects, including angiogenesis, metabolism, and extra-cellular matrix synthesis and remodelling. Epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) are important participants in wound repair; however, whether these cells are regulated by hypoxia is unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism by which hypoxia acts on EpSCs. Methods: CCK8 assays, western blots and live cell station observation were employed to compare the viability, proliferation and motility of EpSCs cultured under normoxic conditions (21% O2) with those cultured under hypoxic conditions (2% O2). Moreover, we used FG-4592 (a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor that stabilizes HIF-1α in normoxia), KC7F2 (a selective inhibitor of HIF-1α transcription) and siRNA against HIF-1α to regulate HIF-1α expression. Results: Acute hypoxia caused EpSCs to switch from a quiescent state to an activated state with higher viability and motility, as well as an earlier proliferation peak. We demonstrated that the HIF-1 signalling pathway mediated hypoxia-induced activation of EpSCs. Finally, the in vivo experiments showed that exogenous FG-4592 effectively accelerates wound healing, shortens healing times and even induces epidermal hyperplasia. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that both hypoxia and exogenous FG-4592 improve EpSC proliferation and motility by stabilizing HIF-1α, and its results suggest that HIF-1α is an important target through which wound healing can be accelerated and that FG-4592 is a promising new drug for wound repair.