bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysing repeat blood donation behavior via big data
Authors: Chen Xu , Liu Lei , Guo Xinyu
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Although blood banks have recently started to recruit blood donors through social media platforms, including WeChat, to increase recruitment effectiveness, few researchers have studied their effects on blood donation behavior. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of using official WeChat accounts on repeat blood donation behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper used the backstage operation data of official WeChat accounts and blood supply chain management system data from the blood bank for the study to analyze the changes in repeat blood donation behavior. First, to analyze the changes in the average frequency of blood donation per year, average volume of single blood donation and blood eligible rate of repeat blood donors before and after following the official WeChat accounts by difference-in-differences model combined with propensity score matching (PSM-DID). Second, we examined the impact of official WeChat accounts on the proportion of repeat blood donors through survival analysis.

Findings

The results show that following WeChat accounts increases the average frequency of blood donation and blood eligible rate of repeat blood donors by 14.36% and 1.19%, respectively, and have no significant effect on the average volume of single blood donation. Further, WeChat accounts have a more significant impact on the average frequency of blood donations per year for workers, farmers, medical staff and groups with education levels of junior high school. In addition, official WeChat accounts can effectively increase the proportion of repeat donors.

Originality/value

The results provide a quantitative basis for the influence of official WeChat accounts on repeat blood donation behaviors. On the one hand, it is of great significance to guide the publicity and recruitment of unpaid blood banks. On the other hand, it provides an evidence for the promotion of official WeChat accounts.
Enablers to supply chain performance on the basis of digitization technologies
Authors: Gupta Himanshu , Kumar Sarangdhar , Kusi-Sarpong Simonov , Jabbour Charbel Jose Chiappetta , Agyemang Martin
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The aim of this study is to identify and prioritize a list of key digitization enablers that can improve supply chain management (SCM). SCM is an important driver for organization's competitive advantage. The fierce competition in the market has forced companies to look the past conventional decision-making process, which is based on intuition and previous experience. The swift evolution of information technologies (ITs) and digitization tools has changed the scenario for many industries, including those involved in SCM.

Design/methodology/approach

The Best Worst Method (BWM) has been applied to evaluate, rank and prioritize the key digitization and IT enablers beneficial for the improvement of SC performance. The study also used additive value function to rank the organizations on their SC performance with respect to digitization enablers.

Findings

The total of 25 key enablers have been identified and ranked. The results revealed that “big data/data science skills”, “tracking and localization of products” and “appropriate and feasibility study for aiding the selection and adoption of big data technologies and techniques ” are the top three digitization and IT enablers that organizations need to focus much in order to improve their SC performance. The study also ranked the SC performance of the organizations based on digitization enablers.

Practical implications

The findings of this study will help the organizations to focus on certain digitization technologies in order to improve their SC performance. This study also provides an original framework for organizations to rank the key digitization enablers according to enablers relevant in their context and also to compare their performance with their counterparts.

Originality/value

This study seems to be the first of its kind in which 25 digitization enablers categorized in four main categories are ranked using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tool. This study is also first of its kind in ranking the organizations in their SC performance based on weights/ranks of digitization enablers.
Information cultures and strategies for coping with information overload: case of Estonian higher education institutions
Authors: Lauri Liia , Virkus Sirje , Heidmets Mati
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This paper focuses on the links between information culture and the perception of the information overload on the example of higher education institutions in Estonia. The aim of this study is to understand how different types of information culture affect coping with information overload.

Design/methodology/approach

Two focus-group interviews with 14 participants and 17 semi-structured interviews with representatives of four HEIs were conducted. First, the questions on the values, norms and assumptions as well as information related practices were discussed to assess the dominant components of the information culture. Second, the perception of information overload was explored. Further, the strategies for coping with information overload were examined. Constant comparative analysis was used to analyse the interview data.

Findings

The results of the study suggest that the construct of information culture is valuable in understanding information environments and their relation to the perception of information overload. The participants representing the open information culture prefer informal information sharing and are more vulnerable to perceive information overload than the participants representing the integrated information culture. Organisational information management is the key to effective coping with information overload.

Originality/value

The current study sheds light on the perception of information overload in connection with information culture.
How despotic leadership jeopardizes employees' performance: the roles of quality of work life and work withdrawal
Authors: Nauman Shazia , Zheng Connie , Basit Ameer A.
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This study contributes to the leadership literature by examining how and when despotic leadership jeopardizes employees' performance. Specifically, we examine whether employees' job performance could be harmed by despotic supervision through employees' work withdrawal behaviour. Moreover, we investigate whether the quality of work-life (QWL) helps in toning down the harmful effects of despotic supervision on work withdrawal.

Design/methodology/approach

We used a multi-wave research design with data collected from 195 employees and their supervisors working in Pakistan's manufacturing sector. At time 1, we measured the independent variable (i.e. despotic leadership) and moderator (QWL), whereas, at time-2, the mediator (work withdrawal) was tapped by the same respondent with a time interval of three weeks between them. At time 3, the outcome (supervisor-rated job performance) was assessed directly by the supervisors.

Findings

The results support the mediating effect between despotic leadership and employees' performance through an enhanced level of work withdrawal behaviour. The effect of despotic leadership on job performance via work withdrawal behaviour was found to be weaker among employees with a higher level of QWL.

Practical implications

For individuals, QWL serves as an enhancement of personal resources to deal with despotic leaders at the workplace; for organizations, our study results alert managers and leaders at the workplace to address employees' need for QWL as this positive resource may discourage work withdrawal behaviour and stimulate employees to perform well in their jobs despite facing despotic supervision.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the leadership literature by introducing work withdrawal as an underlying mechanism to explain the despotic leadership – job performance relationship. Further, we examined how the harmful effects of despotic leadership can be toned down through the moderating variable of QWL thus having practical implications for both employers and employees.
Health promotion in care organizations as material-discursive practices
Authors: Segercrantz Beata , Tuori Annamari , Niemistö Charlotta
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Drawing on a performative ontology, this article extends the literature on health promotion in organizations by exploring how health promotion is performed in care work. The focus of the study is on health promotion in a context of illness and/or decline, which form the core of the studied organizational activities. The paper addresses the following question: how do care workers working in elderly care and mental health care organizations accomplish health promotion in the context of illness and/or decline?

Design/methodology/approach

The article develops a performative approach and analyses material-discursive practices in health promoting care work. The empirical material includes 36 semi-structured interviews with care workers, observations and organizational documents.

Findings

Two central material-discursive health promoting practices in care work are identified: confirming that celebrates service users as residents and the organizations as a home, and balancing at the limits of health promotion. The practices of balancing make the limitations of health promotion discernible and involve reconciling health promotion with that which does not neatly fit into it (illness, unachievable care aims, the institution and certain organizing). In sum, the study shows how health promotion can structure processes in care homes where illness and decline often are particularly palpable.

Originality/value

The paper explores health promotion in a context rarely explored in organization studies. Previous organization studies have to some extent explored health promotion and care work, but typically separately. Further, the few studies that have adopted a performative approach to material-discursive practices in the context of care work have typically primarily focused on IT. We extend previous organization studies literature by producing new insights: (1) from an important organizational context of health promotion and (2) of under-researched entanglements of human and non-human actors in care work providing a performative theory of reconciling organizational tensions.
Examining the mediating role of work engagement on the relationship between workplace mindfulness and organizational justice and its association with well-being
Authors: Sharma Praveen Kumar , Kumra Rajeev
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Employee well-being is increasingly relevant and crucial for organizational success. As work engagement and employee well-being affect employee performance, this area is the focus of increasing attention both from scholars and industry professionals. The main objective of the present research study is to investigate the mediating role of work engagement on the relationship between mindfulness at work, organizational justice and employee well-being.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was conducted on information technology (IT) employees in India, and 331 complete responses were collected for the data analysis. The cross-sectional data were collected through purposive sampling. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to evaluate the proposed research hypotheses.

Findings

The findings support the convergent and discriminant validities of mindfulness, organizational justice, work engagement and employee well-being. The results indicate that mindfulness and organizational justice have an indirect relationship with employee well-being. In addition, the study demonstrates that work engagement significantly mediates the relationship between mindfulness and employee well-being as well as between organizational justice and employee well-being.

Practical implications

The findings will help organizations and human resources (HR) departments to understand the importance of work engagement and employee well-being in the workplace.

Originality/value

The mediating effect of work engagement between the workplace mindfulness–organizational justice relationship on employee well-being is addressed by drawing on conservation of resources (COR) and job demand–resource (JD–R) theories. Prior research has exclusively studied the relationship of employee well-being with either mindfulness or organizational justice. This research provides empirical insights regarding the fact that both mindfulness and organizational justice simultaneously have a relationship with employee well-being.
Simvastatin ointment in the treatment of seven childhood diffuse plane xanthomas
Authors: Yu Xia , Yang Lan , Gu Yan , Zhang Wenqing , Zhang Zhen , Guo Yifeng , Yao Zhirong
Published: November 2020

Diffuse plane xanthomas (DPX) is a rare, chronic, metabolic skin disease which can seriously affect the appearance of the patients and result in psychological problems. Existing treatments are seriously limited. Our objective was to assess the efficacy of and tolerance to simvastatin ointment for the treatment of skin lesions in seven DPX patients. In this study, patients were treated twice daily on the right side of the lesions for 10 months with the 1% or 5% simvastatin ointment. Meanwhile, the left body was untreated as a contralateral controlled side. Efficacy was assessed via the change of rash and was further confirmed by histological study. For all seven participants, both the 1% and 5% simvastatin ointments were effective. The histological change in DPX showed significant decrease of foam cells in skin lesions. The immunohistochemical staining of CD68, macrophage scavenger receptor type 1, oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor 1 and Oil Red O became obviously reduced after treatment. The test medicines were safe with only some skin‐related side‐effects. This is the first research reported on simvastatin ointment treatment in DPX. Our results are the first to suggest that simvastatin ointment is effective in improving skin lesions of DPX clinically and histopathologically.
Nonlinear drought plasticity reveals intraspecific diversity in a dominant grass species
Authors: Hoffman Ava M. , Smith Melinda D.
Published: November 2020

Intraspecific diversity of dominant species in native plant communities can modulate ecosystem function under both optimal and stressful conditions. Yet, few genotype by environment interaction studies quantify differences in the shape of plasticity functions or phenotypic breakpoints across genotypes in natural populations.

Using three genotypes with a history of drought selection, we performed a greenhouse study on the dominant tallgrass prairie species Andropogon gerardii. We investigated phenotypic plasticity and recovery differences among genotypes across a water availability gradient, measuring growth‐related, instantaneous and cumulative phenotypes. To further understand genotype by environment effects, we quantified plasticity functions and breakpoints among genotypes.

Like other studies, we found strong evidence for phenotypic and plasticity differences among genotypes. However, we also found nonlinear plasticity functions and breakpoints were common across phenotypes, especially relative growth rates, biomass allocation and root architecture. Drought selected genotypes were also more likely to flower during recovery, but all genotypes were resilient to drought across treatments.

We demonstrate that plasticity functions may help explain intraspecific diversity, patterns of selection and nonlinear community responses to more variable rainfall within an experimental population. In particular, plasticity functions can help disentangle drought/variability tolerance versus acquisitive strategies. A better understanding of intraspecific diversity in this grass species will provide more mechanistic insight into its ability to buffer ecosystem changes and provide resiliency in the tallgrass prairie under future droughts.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Lianas explore the forest canopy more effectively than trees under drier conditions
Authors: Medina‐Vega José A. , Bongers Frans , Schnitzer Stefan A. , Sterck Frank J.
Published: November 2020

Lianas rely on trees for support and access to high‐light positions in the forest canopy, but the implications for how lianas explore the canopy compared to trees remain understudied. We present an in situ forest canopy study to test the hypotheses that: (1) lianas favour leaf display over stem investment compared to trees and (2) lianas have greater potential to colonize non‐shaded, high‐light areas effectively than trees.

We compared branches of 16 liana species with those of 16 sympatric tree species in the canopy of two lowland tropical forests with contrasting rainfall regimes in Panama using 40–50 m tall canopy cranes. One forest was relatively dry and seasonal in rainfall and associated solar radiation. The other forest was relatively wet and had a weaker seasonality.

We observed that lianas were more efficient in leaf display over stem investment than trees, particularly in the forest with lower precipitation and stronger seasonality. Specifically, lianas had a lower LMA (leaf mass per unit leaf area), stronger apical dominance, higher stem slenderness and fewer leaf layers than trees. In the forest with higher precipitation and weaker seasonality, lianas also had stronger apical control and fewer leaf layers than trees, but both lianas and trees were relatively similar in LMA and stem slenderness.

Our study shows that lianas more effectively explore the canopy than trees under drier conditions, but much less so under wetter conditions. We argue that lianas display a functional strategy that allows them to better intercept light than the tree species in forests with low precipitation and strong seasonality, while they are constrained to display such strategy at high precipitation – light‐limited – sites.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Eigenrays in 3D heterogeneous anisotropic media, Part II: Dynamics
Authors: Ravve Igor , Koren Zvi
Published: November 2020

This paper is the second in a sequel of two papers and dedicated to the computation of paraxial rays and dynamic characteristics along the stationary rays obtained in the first paper. We start by formulating the linear, second‐order, Jacobi dynamic ray tracing equation. We then apply a similar finite‐element solver, as used for the kinematic ray tracing, to compute the dynamic characteristics between the source and any point along the ray. The dynamic characteristics in our study include the relative geometric spreading and the phase correction due to caustics (i.e. the amplitude and the phase of the asymptotic form of the Green's function for waves propagating in 3D heterogeneous general anisotropic elastic media). The basic solution of the Jacobi equation is a shift vector of a paraxial ray in the plane normal to the ray direction at each point along the central ray. A general paraxial ray is defined by a linear combination of up to four basic vector solutions, each corresponds to specific initial conditions related to the ray coordinates at the source. We define the four basic solutions with two pairs of initial condition sets: point–source and plane‐wave. For the proposed point–source ray coordinates and initial conditions, we derive the ray Jacobian and relate it to the relative geometric spreading for general anisotropy. Finally, we introduce a new dynamic parameter, similar to the endpoint complexity factor, presented in the first paper, used to define the measure of complexity of the propagated wave/ray phenomena. The new weighted propagation complexity accounts for the normalized relative geometric spreading not only at the receiver point, but along the whole stationary ray path. We propose a criterion based on this parameter as a qualifying factor associated with the given ray solution. To demonstrate the implementation of the proposed method, we use several isotropic and anisotropic benchmark models. For all the examples, we first compute the stationary ray paths, and then compute the geometric spreading and analyse these trajectories for possible caustics. Our primary aim is to emphasize the advantages, transparency and simplicity of the proposed approach.
Plant diversity enhances production and downward transport of biodegradable dissolved organic matter
Authors: Lange Markus , Roth Vanessa‐Nina , Eisenhauer Nico , Roscher Christiane , Dittmar Thorsten , Fischer‐Bedtke Christine , González Macé Odette , Hildebrandt Anke , Milcu Alexandru , Mommer Liesje , Oram Natalie J. , Ravenek Janneke , Scheu Stefan , Schmid Bernhard , Strecker Tanja , Wagg Cameron , Weigelt Alexandra , Gleixner Gerd
Published: November 2020

Plant diversity is an important driver of below‐ground ecosystem functions, such as root growth, soil organic matter (SOM) storage and microbial metabolism, mainly by influencing the interactions between plant roots and soil. Dissolved organic matter (DOM), as the most mobile form of SOM, plays a crucial role for a multitude of soil processes that are central for ecosystem functioning. Thus, DOM is likely to be an important mediator of plant diversity effects on soil processes. However, the relationships between plant diversity and DOM have not been studied so far.

We investigated the mechanisms underlying plant diversity effects on concentrations of DOM using continuous soil water sampling across 6 years and 62 plant communities in a long‐term grassland biodiversity experiment in Jena, Germany. Furthermore, we investigated plant diversity effects on the molecular properties of DOM in a subset of the samples.

Although DOM concentrations were highly variable over the course of the year with highest concentrations in summer and autumn, we found that DOM concentrations consistently increased with plant diversity across seasons. The positive plant diversity effect on DOM concentrations was mainly mediated by increased microbial activity and newly sequestered carbon in topsoil. However, the effect of soil microbial activity on DOM concentrations differed between seasons, indicating DOM consumption in winter and spring, and DOM production in summer and autumn. Furthermore, we found increased contents of small and easily decomposable DOM molecules reaching deeper soil layers with high plant diversity.

Synthesis. Our findings suggest that plant diversity enhances the continuous downward transport of DOM in multiple ways. On the one hand, higher plant diversity results in higher DOM concentrations, on the other hand, this DOM is less degraded. This study indicates, for the first time, that higher plant diversity enhances the downward transport of dissolved molecules that likely stimulate soil development in deeper layers and therefore increase soil fertility.
Remnants of Earth's Oldest Continental Crust Formed by Subduction
Authors: GE Rongfeng , ZHU Wenbin , WILDE Simon A. , WU Hailin
Published: November 2020

Eoarchean (3.6 – 4.0 Ga) tonalite – trondhjemite – granodiorite (TTG) are the major component of Earth's oldest persevered continental crust, thereby holding the key to understanding how continental crust originated and when plate tectonics started in the early Earth. TTGs are mostly generated by partial melting of hydrated mafic rocks at different depths (e.g., Moyen and Martin, 2012), but whether this requires subduction remains enigmatic (e.g., Palin et al., 2016). Recent studies show that most early Archean TTGs formed at relatively low pressures (≤1.5 GPa) and do not require subduction (e.g., Johnson et al., 2017). We have identified a suite of Eoarchean tonalitic gneisses dated at ∼3.7 Ga from the Tarim Craton, northwestern China (Ge et al., 2018). These rocks are probably the oldest high‐pressure TTGs so far documented worldwide. Thermodynamic and trace element modelling demonstrates that the parent magma may have been generated by water‐fluxed partial melting of moderately enriched arc‐like basalts at 1.8–1.9 GPa and 800–830 °C, indicating an apparent geothermal gradient (400–450°C GPa ‐1) typical for hot subduction zones. They also locally record geochemical evidence for magma interaction with a mantle wedge. Accordingly, we propose that these high‐pressure TTGs were generated by partial melting of a subducted proto‐arc during arc accretion. Our model implies that modern‐style plate tectonics was operative, at least locally, at ∼3.7 Ga and was responsible for generating some of the oldest continental nuclei.
Peridotites and Chromitites from the Dingqing Ophiolite in the Eastern Segment of Bangong–Nujiang Suture Zone, Tibet: Occurrence Characteristics and Classifications
Authors: LI Guanlong , YANG Jingsui , BO Rongzhong , LIU Fei , RUI Huichao , XIONG Fahui , GUO Tengfei
Published: November 2020

The Dingqing ophiolite is located in the eastern segment of the Bangong‐Nujiang suture zone. This suture zone is W–E trending parallel with the Yarlung–Zangbo suture zone and is an strategic area for exploring chromite deposits in China. The Dingqign ophiolite is distributed in near SE‐NW direction. According to the spatial distribution, the Dingqing ophiolite is sudivided into two massifs, including the East and the West massifs. The Dingqing ophiolite covers an area of nearly 600 km2. This ophiolite is composed of peridotite, pyroxenite, gabbro, diabase, basalt, plagiogranite and chert (Fig. 1).

The peridotite is the main lithology of the Dingqing ophiolite. The peridotite covers about 90% of the total area of the Dingqing ophiolite. The Dingqing ophiolite is dominated by harzburgite with a small amounts of dunite. The Dingqing harzburgite displays different textures, such as massive, Taxitic, oriented and spherulitic textures (Fig. 2d–i). These four types of harzburgite occur in both the East and West massifs, especially in the Laraka area of the eastern part of the East massif. Dunites have different occurrences in the field outcrops, such as lenticular or strip‐shaped, thin‐shell and agglomerate varieties (Fig. 2a–c).

On the basis of detailed field work, we have discovered 83 chromitite bodies, including 27 in the East massif and 56 in the West massif. According to the occurrence scale and quantity of the chromitite bodies, we have identified four prospecting areas, namely Laraka, Latanguo, Langda and Nazona. Chromitites in the Dingqing ophiolite show different textures, including massive, disseminated, veined and disseminated‐banded textures (Fig. 3). On the basis of the Cr# (=Cr/(Cr+Al)×100) of chromite, we have classified the Dingqing chromitite into high‐Cr, medium high chromium type, medium chromium type and low chromium type chromitite (Figs. 4, 5). Among them, low chromium type chromitite Cr# is extremely low, ranging from 9.23 to 14.01, with an average of 11.89; TiO2 content is 0.00% to 0.04%, and the average value is 0.01%, which may be a new output type of chromitite.

These different types of chromitites have different associations/assemblages of mineral inclusions. The inclusions in high chromium type chromitite are mainly clinopyroxene and a small amount of olivine; medium high chromium chromitite are mainly amphibole, a small amount of clinopyroxene and phlogopite; while low‐chromium chromite rarely develops mineral inclusions, and micron‐sized clinopyroxene inclusions are common in olivines which are gangue mineral in it.

These different types of chromite ore bodies have a certain correspondence with the field output, and may also restrict their genesis. This part will be further developed in the follow‐up work.
Discovery and Geological Significance of Early Carboniferous High‐Mg Diorite in the Balikun Area, Eastern Tianshan
Authors: LUO Jinglan , WANG Chong
Published: November 2020

The granodiorites, monzogranites and diorites are widely developed in the Balikun area of Eastern Tianshan Orogen. Of which, LA–ICP–MS zircon U‐Pb isotopic dating from the diorites revealed that they were emplaced at 327∼333 Ma, representing an important period of magmatism in the Early Carboniferous. Geochemically, they are characterized by moderate SiO2 (51.33–62.48 wt%), high but variable MgO (2.04–11.16 wt%, average 5.35), higher Mg# (40–73) and TiO2 (0.67–1.29 wt%), Na2O/K2O (1.39–2.95) as well as variable Cr (2.49–675 ppm) and Ni (1.31–174 ppm), showing a geochemistry similar to those of high‐Mg diorites or sanukitoids. In addition, they are enriched in the LILE, poor HFSE with an evident negative Nb anomalies and a REE pattern of moderate fractionator between LREE and HREE without or weak negative Eu anomalies. Their ∊Hf(t) are positive (+3.63–+15.65), suggesting a source from the depleted mantle. In addition, they have high TiO2 and Pb, and large quantity of amphibolite and biotite, indicating that they were most likely derived from the partial melting of depleted mantle metasomatized by the slab‐derived melt under a hydrous condition. Consequently, combined with the contemporary volcanics and granitoids formed in the island arc settings, we proposed that the subduction was continued till Early Carboniferous in the Bogda‐Harlik tectonic belt. After that, wide occurrence of the post‐collisional A‐type granites and mafic‐ultramafic intrusions indicate this tectonic belt entered the post‐collisional environment from Late Carboniferous to Permian.
Geochronology and Geochemistry of Gabbros from Moa‐Baracoa Ophiolitic Massif, Eastern Cuba: Implication for Early Cretaceous SSZ Magmatism
Authors: RUI Huichao , YANG Jingsui , WU Weiwei , LIAN Dongyang , QIU Tian
Published: November 2020

A series ophiolitic massifs in the northeastern part of Cuba are generally considered to be relics of proto‐Caribbean or Caribbean lithosphere, emplaced during Paleogene collision of the NW Caribbean and North American plates (Iturralde‐Vinent et al., 2016). However, neither their age nor their geodynamic settings are well constrained. They are generally considered to be Creataceous in age but they have been interpreted as having formed in a back‐arc basin, forearc basin or plume setting (e.g. Giunta et al., 2009; Marchesi et al., 2016; Kerr et al., 1999). The Moa‐Baracoa ophiolitic massif consists of mantle harzburgite, a Moho transition zone, layered and isotropic gabbro, and pillow basalts. The isotropic gabbros, collected west of Moa (20°35′ 17.99″N, 75°02′56.58″W), are composed mainly of subhedral plagioclase and subhedral to euhedral clinopyroxene with minor primary brown amphibole. The plagioclase grains are fresh, whereas the clinopyroxene very weakly altered and partly replaced by secondary amphibole. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images of zircon grains separated from isotropic gabbro display oscillatory zoning and broad zoning, analogous to typical igneous zircon in gabbro. Ten zircon grains with oscillatory zoning in CL images yielded a mean U‐Pb SHRIMP age of 136.7±1.8 Ma. Isotropic gabbro samples have low SiO2 (47.22 wt%–49.25 wt%), TiO2 (0.13wt%–0.26 wt%) and K2O (0.04 wt%–0.08 wt%) and high MgO (8.22 wt%–16.72 wt%), Cr (1337–2065 μg/g) and Ni (192–507 μg/g) contents. Their CaO, Al2O3 and Na2O contents vary from 13.56 wt% to 15.78 wt%, 14.98 wt% to 21.98 wt%, and 0.71 wt% to 1.87 wt%, respectively. In the SiO2 versus Zr/TiO2∗0.0001 diagram, the samples plot in the sub‐alkaline basalt field but show calc‐alkaline affinities in the FeOT/MgO vs. SiO2 diagram. The gabbros contain low REE contents (ΣREE = 4.71–7.71), and their chondrite normalized REE patterns show very weak depletion in light REE (LREE, (La/Yb)N = 0.34–0.50) and flat heavy REE (HREE, (Gd/Yb)N = 1.02–1.15) profiles, with slightly positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu∗ = 1.55–1.76) suggesting magmatic accumulation of plagioclase. Furthermore, all samples are depleted in Nb and Th, and enriched in Ba, Pb and Sr in the primitive mantle‐normalized trace element diagram. Geochemical features, such as high values of Ba/La (30–38) and low Th/Yb (0.02–0.03), medium values of (Ta/La)PM (0.30–0.35) and (Hf/Sm)PM (0.58–0.80), indicate enrichment by slab‐derived fluids and subduction‐related metasomatism. These isotropic gabbros are geochemically comparable with those of the Kermanshah and Neyriz ophiolites of Iran (Monsef et al., 2018) that are thought to have originated in a SSZ environment. Therefore, we suggest that the isotropic gabbros in the Moa‐Baracoa massif crystallized from early Cretaceous SSZ magmas that were most likely derived from a mantle source metasomatized by slab fluids in a suprasubduction zone environment.
Episodic Melt Percolating and Chromite Mineralization in Yushigou Peridotite, North Qilian Suture Zone
Authors: ZHOU Xiang , ZHENG Jianping , ZHU Hui , Yibing Li
Published: November 2020

Harzburgite‐dunite associations are the dominant type of ultramafic heterogeneities in the exhumed peridotites. Although the dunite network are usually small in volume of exposed mantle rocks, their mineral structures and chemical variations are widely observed in various tectonic environments and record complex mantle evolution. The Yushigou peridotite complex displays a 25 km2 mantle section belonging to a partly dismembered ophiolite in North Qilian suture zone, northwest China. It is mostly composed of depleted spinel harzburgite re‐equilibrated at temperatures of 900 °C, contain dunite veins and minor podiform chromite at its Moho level.

Here we report the petrological observations and mineral chemical analyses of harzburgite‐dunite associations in the Yushigou peridotite complex. Based on the data we classified high Cr # (51–74) and low Cr# (19–34) dunite veins in this Yushigou complex. The podiform chromite are mainly high Cr# affinity and are production of melt‐harzburgite interaction. There are three main microstructures recorded the episodic melt‐rock interaction process: (1) complex spinel mineral inclusions both in harzburgite and two kind of dunite record widespread melt percolating. The observed primary inclusions (not related to later low temperature fluid activities) including hydrous and anhydrous silicates and minor sulphides, such as PGE and Fe‐Cu‐Ni related sulfidies, olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, amphibole and phlogopite. (2) In all dunite samples, clinopyroxene dominated sieve‐textured rims around spinel are more abundant and more thicken than the harzburgite; implying stained/pulsated melt supply after the chromite crystallization. (3) Millimeter scale veined reaction patches in some dunite samples consist of clinopyroxene, amphibole, phlogopite, Fe‐Ni sulfidies and carbonates. Such metasomatic minerals assemblages may response for the later fluid infiltration after chromite mineralization. All these petrological observations and mineral chemical compositions (major and trace element contents) thus provide a wealth of information on the pathways of migrating melts in the mantle wedge, and provide constrain on nature and evolution of the uprising magma. Strong enrichment of incompatible trace elements in dunite clinopyroxene (LREE/HREE >10) possible reflect a slab origin of the percolating melt which is not observed elsewhere participating in chromite forming.
Comparison of Redox States between the Ultramafic Bodies of Xigaze and Luobusha Ophiolites, Tibet, China
Authors: ZHU Xiangkun , HE Yuan , SHE Yuwei , WAN Hongqing
Published: November 2020

The tectonic setting of podiform chromitite formation still remains highly debated. There is a close correlation between tectonic settings and oxygen fugacity (fO2) (e.g., Ballhaus, 1993; Dare et al., 2009; Parkinson and Arculus, 1999). Here we present results of fO2 of chromites determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy from both the Luobusha and Dazhuqu areas along Yarlung Zangbo suture zone, Southern Tibet.

The fO2 values (−1.02∼0.04 log units against the FMQ buffer) and Cr# (22∼54%) in chromites from lherzolites and harzburgites of both areas are similar to those of abyssal peridotites, indicating that they may be residues after partial melting at spreading centers. However, both dunite envelopes and chromitites from Luobusha have high fO2 values (0.04∼2.25 log units) and Cr# (73∼84%), showing an affinity to boninitic melts, and thus form in a suprasubduction zone. Dazhuqu dunites show diverse fO2 values (−0.22∼2.19 log units) and Cr# (22∼82%), indicating that they form in distinct settings. Chromitites and chromite dunites from Dazhuqu have low fO2 values (−0.3∼0.71 log units) and Cr# (16∼63%), both of which are similar to those of MORB‐like basalts, inferring that they form in an extensional setting. Both high‐Cr and high‐Al chromitites from other typical podiform chromite ore deposits, such as Kempirsai, Oman, and Albania ophiolites, also show high fO2 values (e.g., Chashchukhin and Votyakov, 2009; Melcher et al., 1997; Quintiliani et al., 2006; Rollinson and Adetunji, 2015), while the distribution‐limited small chromitites and chromite dunites from Dazhuqu exhibit low fO2 values. The phenomenon infers that the suprasubduction zone is more beneficial to the formation of podiform chromitites.
Pregnancy outcomes for women with a history of stroke: A population‐based record linkage study
Authors: Austin Kathryn , Seeho Sean , Ibiebele Ibinabo , Ford Jane , Morris Jonathan , Torvaldsen Siranda
Published: November 2020

Background

Little is known about the pregnancy outcomes of women who have had a stroke prior to a first pregnancy.

Aim

To identify a cohort of primiparous women giving birth to a single baby and compare the pregnancy outcomes of those with a pre‐pregnancy stroke hospitalisation record to those without a stroke hospitalisation record.

Materials and Methods

Record linkage study of all primiparous women aged 15–44 years with singleton pregnancies birthing in New South Wales, Australia from 2003 to 2015. Stroke was identified from 2001 to 2015 hospital data using International Classification of Diseases tenth Edition – Australian Modification codes I60–64. Women whose first hospital record of stroke was during pregnancy or <42 days after birth were excluded. Outcomes included diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy, mode of delivery, haemorrhage, severe maternal morbidity (validated composite outcome indicator), gestational age at birth, Apgar score (1 min < 7), and small‐for‐gestational age.

Results

Of 487 767 women with a first pregnancy, 124 (2.5/10 000) had a hospital record which included a pre‐pregnancy stroke diagnosis. Women with a stroke history were more likely to have an early‐term delivery (37–38 weeks; relative risk (RR) 1.49, 95% CI 1.17–1.90) and a pre‐labour caesarean (RR 2.83, 95% CI 2.20–3.63). There were no significant differences in other maternal or neonatal outcomes.

Conclusion

This is the largest reported study of pregnancy and birth outcomes for women with a history of stroke. With the exception of pre‐labour caesarean, there were no differences in pregnancy outcomes for women with a history of stroke compared with women with no history of stroke.
Cumulative Precarity: Millennial Experience and Multigenerational Cohabitation in Hackney, London
Authors: Taylor Faith MacNeil
Published: November 2020

This article interrogates and expands understandings of millennial economic insecurity by focusing on the experiences of three people living in socially rented accommodation with their families of origin in Hackney, London. Taking into account the legacies of state violence that racialise Britain’s political economy, I argue that millennial precarity requires theorisation across multiple temporalities in order to account for cumulative, intergenerational experience as well as intergenerational dissonance. This article focuses on the affective work required to mediate cumulative precarity with familial relationships, with an emphasis on the ways that participants arduously—yet artfully—weave between multiple temporal scales of experience within concentrated shared space in order to care for and communicate with their family members. Through synthesising geographical scholarship on generational experience, everyday experiences of policy and the spaces of precarious labour, this paper contributes to expanding economic geography’s engagement with ongoing histories of coloniality in the UK.
Risk of haematological events and preventive effect of folic acid in methotrexate users with chronic kidney disease and rheumatoid arthritis: Analysis of the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database
Authors: Mitsuboshi Satoru
Published: November 2020

Although methotrexate (MTX) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) sometimes causes severe haematological toxicities in users with chronic kidney disease (CKD), data are limited regarding the risk of these events and the preventive effect of folic acid. This study evaluated the risk of haematological toxicities and the efficacy of folic acid in MTX users with CKD using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report. In total, 5,648 oral MTX users with RA were identified, including 630 with haematological toxicities. MTX users with CKD had significantly increased risk of haematological toxicities compared with those without CKD when folic acid was not used (OR 3.72; 95% CI 2.87–4.81; P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the risk of haematological toxicities was significantly decreased by only folic acid (OR 0.16; 95% CI 0.04–0.62; P < 0.01). This result provides useful information for preventing severe haematological toxicities in MTX users with CKD and RA.
The impact of ABCB1 and CES1 polymorphisms on dabigatran pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ji Qiuyi , Zhang Chunyu , Xu Qing , Wang Zi , Li Xiaoye , Lv Qianzhou
Published: November 2020

Aims

Our study aimed to determine the impact of genetic polymorphisms of ABCB1 and CES1 on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of dabigatran in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).

Methods

We conducted a prospective study and enrolled NVAF patients treated with dabigatran. Blood samples were obtained from each patient and used for genotyping and determination of plasma dabigatran concentration (PDC) and coagulation parameters including activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time. Patients' demographics and clinical outcomes from scheduled follow‐up visits were all recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the impact of genetic polymorphisms on the PK/PD and bleeding risk of dabigatran.

Results

A total of 198 patients were included in analysis. For the ABCB1 polymorphisms rs4148738 and rs1045642, no significant association was found with dabigatran PK/PD. For the CES1 polymorphism rs8192935, the minor allele(C) was associated with increased trough PDCs (ANOVA: P < .001; CC vs. TT genotype, P < .001; CT vs. TT genotype, P = .014) and with APTT values at trough level (P = .015). For the CES1 polymorphism rs2244613, the minor allele(A) carriers had higher levels of trough PDC than noncarriers (ANOVA: P < .001; AA vs. CC genotype, P < .001; CA vs. CC genotype, P = .004) and increased risk for minor bleeding (P = .034; odds ratio = 2.71, 95% confidence interval 1.05–7.00).

Conclusion

Our study indicated that the minor allele(C) on the CES1 SNP rs8192935 was associated with PDCs and APTT values at trough level. The minor allele(A) on the CES1 SNP rs2244613 was associated with increased trough PDCs and higher risk for minor bleeding in NVAF patients treated with dabigatran.
Poisoning related to therapeutic error in prolonged low‐dose methotrexate treatment
Authors: Schicchi Azzurra , Scaravaggi Giulia , Petrolini Valeria M. , Malovini Alberto , Lonati Davide , Crevani Marta , Buscaglia Eleonora , Locatelli Carlo A.
Published: November 2020

Aims

To study the predictive factors for the development of clinical manifestations in poisoning due to the erroneous taking of low‐dose methotrexate (MTX).

Methods

A retrospective observational study was performed. Only cases of erroneous administration in non‐oncologic outpatients were included (July 2008‐March 2020).

Results

Forty‐one cases were included. All patients were taking MTX for the first time. In 36 cases, patients took MTX daily instead of weekly. In the other five patients, MTX was sold instead of methylergometrine. Clinical manifestations were absent in 12/41 patients (29.3%). All 29 (70.7%) symptomatic patients recognized the medication error when they developed clinical manifestations: dermatological, haematological and gastrointestinal symptoms. Statistical results showed that symptomatic patients were older, received a higher amount of total dose and were treated for longer. Moreover, the probability of being symptomatic increases as a function of age and of total dose. Asymptomatic patients were treated with folinic acid (30 mg/m2/day) for 5 days. Symptomatic patients were treated with folinic acid together with treatments for the specific clinical manifestations. No patients were treated with glucarpidase. All patients fully recovered.

Conclusions

When MTX is prescribed for the first time, it is important to clearly communicate with patients to avoid therapeutic errors. In our experience, age, total dose taken and number of days of assumption are predictive for the presence/absence of clinical manifestations. These parameters must be evaluated together to identify patients needing maximum starting treatment with folinic acid and closer monitoring.
A new method for studying the halo effect in teachers' judgement and its antecedents: Bringing out the role of certainty
Authors: Sanrey Camille , Bressoux Pascal , Lima Laurent , Pansu Pascal
Published: November 2020

Background

In academic contexts, teachers' judgements are central to instruction and have many consequences for students' self‐perceptions. Understanding the cognitive biases that may exist in teachers' judgements is thus of central importance.

Aims

This paper presents two studies in which we aimed to investigate the presence of a halo effect in teachers' judgements (Study 1 and Study 2) and to clarify the conditions for the emergence of this halo effect by analysing the influence of judgement certainty (Study 2). A major contribution of these studies was to provide a new measure of the halo effect in order to achieve these goals.

Sample(s)

In the first study, 25 teachers and their 199 students were asked to complete the measures, while the second study sample was composed of 20 teachers and their 180 students.

Method

To analyse the presence of the halo effect in teachers' judgements in the two studies, scholastic achievement was measured using various standardized French language tests. Teachers were asked to indicate, for each of their students, whether they thought the student would answer correctly or incorrectly for each item on the standardized tests. In Study 2, to analyse the influence of judgement certainty, the teachers were asked to indicate after each item how certain they were about their response.

Results and discussion

The results of both studies revealed the presence of a halo effect in teachers' judgements for each measure used (i.e., comparison of correlations, factorial analyses, and the new measure comparing variance scores), as the teachers' judgements were more homogeneous than the students’ actual achievement levels. Furthermore, using the new measure, the second study revealed that high judgement certainty resulted in a stronger halo effect.