bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metals in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Babić Leko Mirjana , Langer Horvat Lea , Španić Popovački Ena , Zubčić Klara , Hof Patrick R. , Šimić Goran
Published: April 2023

The role of metals in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is still debated. Although previous research has linked changes in essential metal homeostasis and exposure to environmental heavy metals to the pathogenesis of AD, more research is needed to determine the relationship between metals and AD. In this review, we included human studies that (1) compared the metal concentrations between AD patients and healthy controls, (2) correlated concentrations of AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers with metal concentrations, and (3) used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the potential metal contributions to AD risk. Although many studies have examined various metals in dementia patients, understanding the dynamics of metals in these patients remains difficult due to considerable inconsistencies among the results of individual studies. The most consistent findings were for Zn and Cu, with most studies observing a decrease in Zn levels and an increase in Cu levels in AD patients. However, several studies found no such relation. Because few studies have compared metal levels with biomarker levels in the CSF of AD patients, more research of this type is required. Given that MR is revolutionizing epidemiologic research, additional MR studies that include participants from diverse ethnic backgrounds to assess the causal relationship between metals and AD risk are critical.
Assessment of Colorectal Anastomosis with Intraoperative Colonoscopy: Its Role in Reducing Anastomotic Complications
Authors: Yoo Ri-Na , Mun Ji-Yeon , Cho Hyeon-Min , Kye Bong-Hyeon , Kim Hyung-Jin
Published: April 2023

The use of intraoperative colonoscopy (IOC) to evaluate the integrity of newly created anastomosis has been advocated by some surgeons. However, whether direct visualization of fresh anastomosis can help reduce anastomotic problems is still unclear. This study investigates the impact of immediate endoscopic assessment of colorectal anastomosis on anastomotic problems. This is a retrospective study conducted at a single center. Among six hundred forty-nine patients who underwent stapled anastomosis for left-sided colorectal cancer, the anastomotic complications were compared between patients who underwent IOC and those who did not. Additionally, patients with subsequent intervention after the IOC were compared to those without the intervention. Twenty-seven patients (5.0%) developed anastomotic leakage, and six (1.1%) experienced anastomotic bleeding postoperatively. Of the patients with IOC, 70 patients received reinforcement sutures to secure anastomotic stability. Of 70 patients, 39 patients showed abnormal findings in IOC. Thirty-seven patients (94.9%) who underwent reinforcement sutures did not develop postoperative anastomotic problems. This study demonstrates that IOC assessment with reinforcement sutures does not imminently reduce the rate of anastomotic complications. However, its use may play a role in detecting early technical failure and preventing postoperative anastomotic complications.
The Emergence of TRP Channels Interactome as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wei Yuanyuan , Khalaf Ahmad Taha , Rui Cao , Abdul Kadir Samiah Yasmin , Zainol Jamaludin , Oglah Zahraa
Published: April 2023

Integral membrane proteins, known as Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, are cellular sensors for various physical and chemical stimuli in the nervous system, respiratory airways, colon, pancreas, bladder, skin, cardiovascular system, and eyes. TRP channels with nine subfamilies are classified by sequence similarity, resulting in this superfamily’s tremendous physiological functional diversity. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common and aggressive form of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, the development of effective treatment methods for pancreatic cancer has been hindered by the lack of understanding of the pathogenesis, partly due to the difficulty in studying human tissue samples. However, scientific research on this topic has witnessed steady development in the past few years in understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie TRP channel disturbance. This brief review summarizes current knowledge of the molecular role of TRP channels in the development and progression of pancreatic ductal carcinoma to identify potential therapeutic interventions.
Lupus Nephritis and Dysbiosis
Authors: Monticolo Marta , Mucha Krzysztof , Foroncewicz Bartosz
Published: April 2023

Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most common and serious complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The risk factors for developing LN by SLE patients are not fully understood. They are considered to be a mix of genetic and environmental variables, one of them being dysbiosis, proposed recently to interfere with autoimmunity. As of yet, the relations between the human microbiome, its genetic determinants, individual variability and clinical consequences remain to be established. One of the major obstacles in studying them is the magnitude of confounders, such as diet, drugs, infections or antibiotics use. They also make comparison between the studies extremely complicated. We reviewed the available evidence for the interplay between microbiome, dysbiosis and mechanisms triggering the autoimmune responses and potentially contributing to LN development. One such mechanism is the stimulation of autoimmune responses by bacterial metabolites that can mimic autoantigens and cause antibody production. These mimicking microbial antigens seem to be a promising target for future interventions.
Intelligent Bi-LSTM with Architecture Optimization for Heart Disease Prediction in WBAN through Optimal Channel Selection and Feature Selection
Authors: Veerabaku Muthu Ganesh , Nithiyanantham Janakiraman , Urooj Shabana , Md Abdul Quadir , Sivaraman Arun Kumar , Tee Kong Fah
Published: April 2023

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a trending technology of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) to enhance the healthcare system. This system is developed to monitor individuals by observing their physical signals to offer physical activity status as a wearable low-cost system that is considered an unremarkable solution for continuous monitoring of cardiovascular health. Various studies have discussed the uses of WBAN in Personal Health Monitoring systems (PHM) based on real-world health monitoring models. The major goal of WBAN is to offer early and fast analysis of the individuals but it is not able to attain its potential by utilizing conventional expert systems and data mining. Multiple kinds of research are performed in WBAN based on routing, security, energy efficiency, etc. This paper suggests a new heart disease prediction under WBAN. Initially, the standard patient data regarding heart diseases are gathered from benchmark datasets using WBAN. Then, the channel selections for data transmission are carried out through the Improved Dingo Optimizer (IDOX) algorithm using a multi-objective function. Through the selected channel, the data are transmitted for the deep feature extraction process using One Dimensional-Convolutional Neural Networks (ID-CNN) and Autoencoder. Then, the optimal feature selections are done through the IDOX algorithm for getting more suitable features. Finally, the IDOX-based heart disease prediction is done by Modified Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (M-BiLSTM), where the hyperparameters of BiLSTM are tuned using the IDOX algorithm. Thus, the empirical outcomes of the given offered method show that it accurately categorizes a patient’s health status founded on abnormal vital signs that is useful for providing the proper medical care to the patients.
Estetrol Increases Progesterone Genetic Response without Triggering Common Estrogenic Effects in Endometriotic Cell Lines and Primary Cultures
Authors: Patiño-García Daniel , Palomino Jaime , Pomés Cristián , Celle Claudia , Torres-Estay Verónica , Orellana Renán
Published: April 2023

Estetrol (E4), a natural estrogen produced by the human fetal liver, is actively studied for menopause and breast cancer treatment. It has low side effects and preferential estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) affinity. There are no data about its effects on endometriosis, a common gynecological disease affecting 6–10% of cycling women, generating painful pelvic lesions and infertility. Current combined hormone treatment (progestins and estrogens) is safe and efficient; nevertheless, one-third of patients develop progesterone (P4) resistance and recurrence by reducing P4 receptors (PRs) levels. We aimed to compare E4 and 17β-estradiol (E2) effects using two human endometriotic cell lines (epithelial 11Z and stromal Hs832 cells) and primary cultures from endometriotic patients. We evaluated cell growth (MTS), migration (wound assay), hormone receptors levels (Western blot), and P4 response by PCR array. Compared to E2, E4 did not affect cell growth or migration but increased estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and PRs, and reduced ERβ. Finally, the incubation with E4 improved the P4 gene response. In conclusion, E4 increased PRs levels and genetic response without inducing cell growth or migration. These results suggest that E4 might be useful for endometriosis treatment avoiding P4 resistance; however, evaluating its response in more complex models is required.
Lightweight Structural Biomaterials with Excellent Mechanical Performance: A Review
Authors: Zhang Zhiyan , Mu Zhengzhi , Wang Yufei , Song Wenda , Yu Hexuan , Zhang Shuang , Li Yujiao , Niu Shichao , Han Zhiwu , Ren Luquan
Published: April 2023

The rational design of desirable lightweight structural materials usually needs to meet the strict requirements of mechanical properties. Seeking optimal integration strategies for lightweight structures and high mechanical performance is always of great research significance in the rapidly developing composites field, which also draws significant attention from materials scientists and engineers. However, the intrinsic incompatibility of low mass and high strength is still an open challenge for achieving satisfied engineering composites. Fortunately, creatures in nature tend to possess excellent lightweight properties and mechanical performance to improve their survival ability. Thus, by ingenious structure configuration, lightweight structural biomaterials with simple components can achieve high mechanical performance. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in three typical structures in natural biomaterials: cellular structures, fibrous structures, and sandwich structures. For each structure, typical organisms are selected for comparison, and their compositions, structures, and properties are discussed in detail, respectively. In addition, bioinspired design approaches of each structure are briefly introduced. At last, the outlook on the design and fabrication of bioinspired composites is also presented to guide the development of advanced composites in future practical engineering applications.
Chemical Memory with Discrete Turing Patterns Appearing in the Glycolytic Reaction
Authors: Gorecki Jerzy , Muzika Frantisek
Published: April 2023

Memory is an essential element in information processing devices. We investigated a network formed by just three interacting nodes representing continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) in which the glycolytic reaction proceeds as a potential realization of a chemical memory unit. Our study is based on the 2-variable computational model of the reaction. The model parameters were selected such that the system has a stable limit cycle and several distinct, discrete Turing patterns characterized by stationary concentrations at the nodes. In our interpretation, oscillations represent a blank memory unit, and Turing patterns code information. The considered memory can preserve information on one of six different symbols. The time evolution of the nodes was individually controlled by the inflow of ATP. We demonstrate that information can be written with a simple and short perturbation of the inflow. The perturbation applies to only one or two nodes, and it is symbol specific. The memory can be erased with identical inflow perturbation applied to all nodes. The presented idea of pattern-coded memory applies to other reaction networks that allow for discrete Turing patterns. Moreover, it hints at the experimental realization of memory in a simple system with the glycolytic reaction.
Experimental Study and Damping Effect Analysis of a New Tuned Liquid Damper Based on Karman Vortex Street Theory
Authors: Ren Hongmei , Fan Qiaoqiao , Lu Zheng
Published: April 2023

In order to solve the shortcomings of traditional TLDs (tuned liquid dampers), such as their narrow frequency bands and their occupation of large amounts of space, based on deep-water theory, a new type of TLD incorporating Karmen vortex street theory is proposed and named as KV-TLD. A shaking table experimental test is conducted to fully analyze its vibration damping characteristics and its effectiveness in terms of vibration control is confirmed. Through comparison with a traditional TLD, the superiority of KV-TLD is verified. By analyzing parameters such as the mass ratio and the frequency ratio, it is found that a larger mass ratio means a better damping effect. When the frequency ratio is close to 1.0, the damping effect is better, while the vibration damping advantage of KV-TLD is much lower. Good performance in terms of installation, a wide frequency band, and damping effect means that KV-TLD is superior in terms of actual engineering application possibilities, and can also act as a good reference for subsequent engineering projects.
Testing of Damaged Single-Bay Reinforced Concrete Frames Strengthened with Masonry Infill Walls
Authors: Grubišić Marin , Kalman Šipoš Tanja , Grubišić Ante , Pervan Benjamin
Published: April 2023

Despite achieving consensus and having current knowledge on the behaviour and contribution of masonry infill walls, there remain unresolved issues regarding their nonlinear behaviour as a method for strengthening existing reinforced concrete (RC) frames with effective modifications, primarily infills and the interconnection of infills and frames. The challenge for safely and economically designing frames with competent walls is to utilise the stiffening benefits while ensuring that the increased lateral forces and reduced drift capacity do not hinder performance. This study aims to investigate the potential of using masonry infill to strengthen previously slightly damaged RC frames. Experimental tests were conducted on previously slightly damaged RC frame specimens infilled with vertically hollowed-clay and solid-clay masonry units, connected to the frame elements using traditional methods (i.e., avoiding the use of modern composite materials). These strengthened infilled frame structures were subjected to constant vertical and cyclic lateral loading, which revealed improved stiffness, strength, and damping characteristics, enhancing their overall behaviour. As the main novelties, the study found that when damaged RC frames were strengthened with masonry infill walls, their performance resembled that of undamaged infilled RC frames. The strengthened infilled frame structures exhibited enhanced stiffness, strength, and hysteretic damping. The increase in stiffness was observed regardless of the type of masonry units and the strengthening technique employed. However, the improvements in strength and hysteretic damping were influenced by the specific masonry units, particularly their robustness, and the chosen reinforcement method.
A Tumor Microenvironment-Driven Network Regulated by STAT3 and p65 Negatively Controls the Enrichment of Cancer Stem Cells in Human HR+/HER2− Breast Cancer
Authors: Ben-Yaakov Hagar , Meshel Tsipi , Pasmanik-Chor Metsada , Körner Cindy , Ben-Baruch Adit
Published: April 2023

Hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative (HR+/HER2−; luminal A) tumors are prevalent in breast cancer. Our past studies demonstrated that “TME Stimulation” (estrogen + TNFα + EGF, representing three arms of the tumor microenvironment, TME) has enriched metastasis-forming cancer stem cells (CSCs) in HR+/HER2− human breast cancer cells. Here, following information obtained by RNAseq analyses of TME-stimulated CSCs and Non-CSCs, we found that TME Stimulation has induced the activation of S727-STAT3, Y705-STAT3, STAT1 and p65. Upon TME Stimulation, stattic (STAT3 inhibitor) usage demonstrated that Y705-STAT3 activation negatively controlled CSC enrichment and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) traits, while inducing CXCL8 (IL-8) and PD-L1 expression. However, STAT3 knock-down (siSTAT3) had no effect on these functions; in terms of CSC enrichment, p65 had down-regulatory roles that compensated for the loss of an entire STAT3 protein. Y705-STAT3 and p65 acted additively in reducing CSC enrichment, and Y705A-STAT3 variant + sip65 has enriched chemo-resistant CSCs. Clinical data analyses revealed an inverse correlation between Y705-STAT3 + p65 phosphorylation and CSC signature in luminal A patients, and connection to improved disease course. Overall, we find regulatory roles for Y705-STAT3 and p65 in TME-stimulated HR+/HER2− tumors, with the ability to limit CSC enrichment. These findings raise concerns about using inhibitors of STAT3 and p65 as therapeutic strategies in the clinic.
Safety of Early Bevacizumab Administration after Central Venous Port Placement for Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Shigyo Hirona , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Tanaka Toshimitsu , Moriyama Etsuko , Shimotsuura Yasutaka , Nagasu Sachiko , Iwamoto Hideki , Akagi Yoshito , Murotani Kenta , Kawaguchi Takumi , Miwa Keisuke
Published: April 2023

Bevacizumab (BEV) requires an adequate withdrawal period to avoid BEV-related complications during major surgery. However, the safety of BEV administration immediately after surgical placement of the central venous (CV) port, a minor surgery, is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether BEV is safe when administered early after CV port placement. We retrospectively evaluated 184 patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with a BEV-containing regimen and divided them into two groups according to the interval between CV port implantation and chemotherapy initiation, with the early administration group being ≤7 days and late administration group being >7 days. Complications were then compared between the two groups. The early-administration group was significantly older and had a higher rate of colon cancer than the late-administration group. Overall, 24 (13%) patients developed CV port-related complications. Male sex was a risk factor for complications (odds ratio [OR], 3.154; 95% CI, 1.19–8.36). The two groups showed no significant difference in the frequency of complications (p = 0.84) or patient characteristics (after the inverse probability of treatment weighting, p = 0.537). In conclusion, the frequency of complications is not affected by the timing of BEV initiation after CV port implantation. Thus, early BEV administration after CV port placement is safe.
Patient Experience Factors and Implications for Improvement Based on the Treatment Journey of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Koo Yoori , Kim Eunjeong , Jo Yelin , Nam Innchul
Published: April 2023

Based on the treatment journey, this study aimed to present insights into improving the patient-centered service experience for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. We interviewed and observed patients, caregivers, and doctors. We conducted a qualitative content analysis and service clue analysis to identify barriers and enablers to patient care and to derive insights into the patient experience (PE). We received feedback from doctors considering the priority, importance, and feasibility of improvements and classified the insights into three service experience aspects, to suggest improvement directions. As a result, the ‘functional’ aspect of service experience stressed the importance of a comprehensive guide to the treatment process, delivery of reliable information, use of easy-to-understand terms, repeated summary explanations, the establishment of close and flexible linkages between departments, and the provision of educational programs. Regarding the ‘mechanic’ aspect, the use of large and clear visuals for patients, to easily understand the care information provided by medical staff was distinguished. In the ‘humanic’ aspect, patients’ psychological stability, trust in doctors, and doctor’s encouragement and support through maintaining a positive attitude were prioritized. This qualitative study provided integrative insights into the HNC patient experience, through the application of service design methodologies, such as a patient journey map, participatory research methods, and service experience clues.
Mannose Inhibits the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Colorectal Cancer and Enhances Sensitivity to 5-Fluorouracil Therapy
Authors: Al Hadeethi Sadaf , El-Baba Chirine , Araji Khaled , Hayar Berthe , Cheikh Israa Ahmad , El-Khoury Riyad , Usta Julnar , Darwiche Nadine
Published: April 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancers and causes of death in patients. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the therapy of choice for CRC, but it exhibits high toxicity and drug resistance. Tumorigenesis is characterized by a deregulated metabolism, which promotes cancer cell growth and survival. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is required for the synthesis of ribonucleotides and the regulation of reactive oxygen species and is upregulated in CRC. Mannose was recently reported to halt tumor growth and impair the PPP. Mannose inhibitory effects on tumor growth are inversely related to the levels of phosphomannose isomerase (PMI). An in silico analysis showed low PMI levels in human CRC tissues. We, therefore, investigated the effect of mannose alone or in combination with 5-FU in human CRC cell lines with different p53 and 5-FU resistance statuses. Mannose resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth and synergized with 5-FU treatment in all tested cancer cell lines. Mannose alone or in combination with 5-FU reduced the total dehydrogenase activity of key PPP enzymes, enhanced oxidative stress, and induced DNA damage in CRC cells. Importantly, single mannose or combination treatments with 5-FU were well tolerated and reduced tumor volumes in a mouse xenograft model. In summary, mannose alone or in combination with 5-FU may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in CRC.
Immune Profile of Exosomes in African American Breast Cancer Patients Is Mediated by Kaiso/THBS1/CD47 Signaling
Authors: Ahmed Md Shakir Uddin , Lord Brittany D. , Adu Addai Benjamin , Singhal Sandeep K. , Gardner Kevin , Salam Ahmad Bin , Ghebremedhin Anghesom , White Jason , Mahmud Iqbal , Martini Rachel , Bedi Deepa , Lin Huixian , Jones Jacqueline D. , Karanam Balasubramanyanam , Dean-Colomb Windy , Grizzle William , Wang Honghe , Davis Melissa , Yates Clayton C.
Published: April 2023

African American (AA) women with breast cancer are more likely to have higher inflammation and a stronger overall immune response, which correlate with poorer outcomes. In this report, we applied the nanostring immune panel to identify differences in inflammatory and immune gene expression by race. We observed a higher expression of multiple cytokines in AA patients compared to EA patients, with high expression of CD47, TGFB1, and NFKB1 associated with the transcriptional repressor Kaiso. To investigate the mechanism associated with this expression pattern, we observed that Kaiso depletion results in decreased expression of CD47, and its ligand SIRPA. Furthermore, Kaiso appears to directly bind to the methylated sequences of the THBS1 promotor and repress gene expression. Similarly, Kaiso depletion attenuated tumor formation in athymic nude mice, and these Kaiso-depleted xenograft tissues showed significantly higher phagocytosis and increased infiltration of M1 macrophages. In vitro validation using MCF7 and THP1 macrophages treated with Kaiso-depleted exosomes showed a reduced expression of immune-related markers (CD47 and SIRPA) and macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype compared to MCF7 cells treated with exosomes isolated from high-Kaiso cells. Lastly, analysis of TCGA breast cancer patient data demonstrates that this gene signature is most prominent in the basal-like subtype, which is more frequently observed in AA breast cancer patients.
Photocatalytic Denitrification of Nitrate Using Fe-TiO2-Coated Clay Filters
Authors: Gadhi Tanveer A. , Bhurt Imtiaz Ali , Qureshi Tayyab A. , Ali Imran , Latif Anira , Mahar Rasool Bux , Channa Najeebullah , Bonelli Barbara
Published: April 2023

In this work, 3D-structured clay filters were prepared and coated with iron-doped titanium dioxide (Fe-TiO2) using 3D printing and sol–gel soaking and calcination techniques. Three-dimensional printing was employed to mold and shape the clay filters before annealing. The coated and uncoated filters were characterized for different properties, i.e., morphology, optical properties, and crystalline structure, using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), UV/Vis diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FESEM images show uniform coatings of round-shaped Fe-TiO2 on the tiny pore of the clay filter. The optical energy band gap of the obtained coating was around 2.8 eV, estimated by Tauc’s plot, compared with 3.2 eV of pristine anatase TiO2. The XRD spectra data processed through XRD software revealed the coatings of TiO2 on the filter surface with the obtained phase of anatase. The photocatalytic performance of bare and coated filters was initially tested for the degradation of indigo carmine (IC) dye and the obtained results suggested the photocatalytic degradation of IC dye by the Fe-TiO2 clay filter compared with the bare filter. Afterward, the denitrification of nitrate NO3 at various concentrations was performed using Fe-TiO2-coated clay filters and analyzing the total nitrogen (TN) analysis and reduction of NO3 to nitrite (NO2−), nitrogen monoxide (NO), and nitrogen gas (N2). The TN analysis revealed up to 81% denitrification efficiency of the 30 ppm NO3 solution with the photocatalytic response of the Fe-TiO2-coated filter. The results revealed that the Fe-TiO2-coated clay filter has a high potential for denitrification applications under natural sunlight.
Feedback Inhibition of DszC, a Crucial Enzyme for Crude Oil Biodessulfurization
Authors: Neves Rui P. P. , Araújo Bruno , Ramos Maria J. , Fernandes Pedro A.
Published: April 2023

The Rhodococcus erythropolis (strain IGTS8) bacterium has a tremendous industrial interest as it can remove sulfur from crude oil through its four-enzyme (DszA-D) 4S metabolic pathway. DszC is one of the rate-limiting enzymes of the pathway and the one that most suffers from feedback inhibition. We have combined molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to identify binding sites through which two products of the 4S pathway, 2-hydroxybiphenyl and 2′-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate, induce DszC feedback inhibition. We have identified four potential binding sites: two adjacent binding sites close to the 280–295 lid loop proposed to contribute to DszC oligomerization and proper binding of the flavin mononucleotide cofactor, and two other close to the active site of DszC and the substrate binding site. By considering (i) the occupancy of the binding sites and (ii) the similar inhibitor poses, we propose that the mechanism of feedback inhibition of DszC occurs through disturbance of the DszC oligomerization and consequent binding of the flavin mononucleotide due to the weakening of the interactions between the 280–295 lid loop, and both the 131–142 loop and the C-terminal tail. Nevertheless, inhibitor binding close to the active site or the substrate binding sites also compromises critical interactions within the active site of DszC. The disclosed molecular details provide valuable insight for future rational enzyme engineering protocols to develop DszC mutants more resistant against the observed feedback inhibition mechanism.
Drosophila Models Reveal Properties of Mutant Lamins That Give Rise to Distinct Diseases
Authors: Walker Sydney G. , Langland Christopher J. , Viles Jill , Hecker Laura A. , Wallrath Lori L.
Published: April 2023

Mutations in the LMNA gene cause a collection of diseases known as laminopathies, including muscular dystrophies, lipodystrophies, and early-onset aging syndromes. The LMNA gene encodes A-type lamins, lamins A/C, intermediate filaments that form a meshwork underlying the inner nuclear membrane. Lamins have a conserved domain structure consisting of a head, coiled-coil rod, and C-terminal tail domain possessing an Ig-like fold. This study identified differences between two mutant lamins that cause distinct clinical diseases. One of the LMNA mutations encodes lamin A/C p.R527P and the other codes lamin A/C p.R482W, which are typically associated with muscular dystrophy and lipodystrophy, respectively. To determine how these mutations differentially affect muscle, we generated the equivalent mutations in the Drosophila Lamin C (LamC) gene, an orthologue of human LMNA. The muscle-specific expression of the R527P equivalent showed cytoplasmic aggregation of LamC, a reduced larval muscle size, decreased larval motility, and cardiac defects resulting in a reduced adult lifespan. By contrast, the muscle-specific expression of the R482W equivalent caused an abnormal nuclear shape without a change in larval muscle size, larval motility, and adult lifespan compared to controls. Collectively, these studies identified fundamental differences in the properties of mutant lamins that cause clinically distinct phenotypes, providing insights into disease mechanisms.
Surface Modification of Silica Nanoparticles with Ethyl Oleate for the Purpose of Stabilizing Nanolubricants Used for Tribological Tests
Authors: Tóth Álmos Dávid , Mike-Kaszás Nóra , Bartus Gábor , Hargitai Hajnalka , Szabó Ádám István
Published: April 2023

Long-term sustainability and decreasing amount of fossil oil reserves require a partial or complete transformation of traditional lubricating oils. The use of silica nanoparticles as a lubricant additive has a huge tribological potential, which has already been discussed in numerous articles. Nanosized silica shows excellent results in reducing friction and preventing wear, but they quickly aggregate and settle after homogenization in oils. For long-term stable dispersion of lubricating oils containing nanoceramics, the surface of the particles was modified with ethyl oleate. The surface modification, the ethyl oleate applied to the surface of the nanosilica, was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Group III based lubricating oil was prepared using the surface-modified nanosilica. The particle size of the nanoparticles in the lubricating oil dispersion was examined by dynamic light scattering. Oscillating tribometer measurements were performed with different concentrations (0.1; 0.2; 0.3 wt%) of nanolubricants. Based on the tribological results, the friction coefficient of the surface-modified nanosilica is more stable, its wear is 15% lower compared to the reference. There is no significant change in the magnitude of the friction coefficient. It can be concluded that the ethyl oleate surface modification method may be suitable for tribological investigations of the acting mechanisms of nanoparticles.
Green Fractionation Approaches for the Integrated Upgrade of Corn Cobs
Authors: Fialho João , Moniz Patrícia , Duarte Luís C. , Carvalheiro Florbela
Published: April 2023

Corn cob is an abundant agricultural residue worldwide, with high potential and interesting composition, and its valorization still needs to be studied. Selectively fractionating its structural components (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin), value-added products can be produced, eliminating waste. In this work, integrated fractionation approaches were developed and evaluated. First, an organosolv process was optimized (ethanol:water, 50:50, w/w). Then, as a comparative method, alkaline delignification (using NaOH, 1–2%) was also studied. The organosolv process allowed a significant delignification of the material (79% delignification yield) and, at the same time, a liquid phase containing a relevant concentration (14.6 g/L) of xylooligosaccharides (XOS). The resulting solid fraction, rich in cellulose, showed an enzymatic digestibility of 90%. The alkaline process increased the delignification yield to 94%, producing a solid fraction with a cellulose enzymatic digestibility of 83%. The two later techniques were also used in a combined strategy of hydrothermal processing (autohydrolysis) followed by delignification. The first allowed the selective hydrolysis of hemicellulose to produce XOS-rich hydrolysates (26.8 g/L, 67.3 g/100 g initial xylan). The further delignification processes, alkaline or organosolv, led to global delignification yields of 76% and 93%, respectively. The solid residue, enriched in glucan (above 75% for both combined processes), also presented high enzymatic saccharification yields, 89% and 90%, respectively. The fractionation strategies proposed, and the results obtained are very promising, enabling the integrated upgrading of this material into a biorefinery framework.
Recent Advances in Small Molecular Fluorescence Probes for Fatty Liver Diseases
Authors: Liu Bo , Yin Honghui , Li Yaxiong , Mao Guojiang , Yang Sheng , Zhang Kai
Published: April 2023

Fatty liver diseases are a spectrum of liver disorders consisting of the benign fatty liver, which could eventually lead to cirrhosis or even hepatocellular cancer (HCC) without timely treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis is crucial for fatty liver diseases. Liver biopsy is regarded as the gold standard in the diagnosis of fatty liver diseases. However, it is not recommended for routine use due to its invasiveness and complicated operation. Thus, it is urgent to diagnose fatty liver diseases with non-invasive and precise methods. In this regard, fluorescence imaging technology has attracted intensive attention and become a robust non-invasive method for fatty liver visualization, and a series of fluorescent probes are being intensively designed to track the biomarkers in fatty liver. In this brief review, the small molecular fluorescent probes employed in fatty liver are summarized, mainly focusing on the last four years. Moreover, current opportunities and challenges in the development of fluorescent probes for fatty liver will be highlighted.
In-Situ Formation of NiFe-MOF on Nickel Foam as a Self-Supporting Electrode for Flexible Electrochemical Sensing and Energy Conversion
Authors: Weng Shuting , An Qi , Xu Yanchao , Jiao Yang , Chen Jianrong
Published: April 2023

Ni- and Fe-based metal-organic frameworks (NiFe-MOFs) have abundant valence states and have the potential to be used as bifunctional electrode materials. However, unannealed NiFe-MOFs are still not widely used in electrode materials, including electrochemical sensing, supercapacitors, and overall water splitting. In addition, the direct growth of active material on a conductive carrier has been developed as a binder-free strategy for electrode preparation. This strategy avoids the use of insulating binders and additional electrode treatments, simplifies the preparation process of the NiFe-MOFs, and improves the conductivity and mechanical stability of the electrode. Therefore, in this study, we employed a simple solvothermal method combined with an in situ growth technique to directly grow NiFe-MOF-X (X = 4, 8, 12) nanomaterials of different sizes and morphologies on nickel foam at low reaction temperatures and different reaction times. The NiFe-MOF-8 electrode exhibited high capacitive properties, with an area-specific capacitance of 5964 mF cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2 and excellent durability. On the other hand, NiFe-MOF-12 exhibited strong catalytic activity in electrocatalytic tests performed in a 1 M KOH aqueous solution, demonstrating hydrogen evolution reaction (η10 = 150 mV) and oxygen evolution reaction (η50 = 362 mV) activities. The electrochemical sensing tests demonstrated a good response to BPA. Overall, our results suggest that the direct growth of NiFe-MOFs on nickel foam using a simple solvothermal method combined with an in situ growth technique is a promising strategy.
Five-Year Follow-Up of a Child with Non-Syndromic Oligodontia from before the Primary Dentition Stage: A Case Report
Authors: Akitomo Tatsuya , Kusaka Satoru , Iwamoto Yuko , Usuda Momoko , Kametani Mariko , Asao Yuria , Nakano Masashi , Tachikake Meiko , Mitsuhata Chieko , Nomura Ryota
Published: April 2023

Background: Congenital absence of teeth is a major dental abnormality in pediatric dentistry and the absence of six or more teeth is defined as oligodontia. Few reports of patients with non-syndromic oligodontia without systemic disease have continued dental follow-up from an early age. Methods: We performed the five-year follow-up from before the eruption of the primary dentition of a Japanese child with non-syndromic oligodontia and analyzed changes in dental arch growth. Results: At the oral examination at the age of 1 year and 2 months, eight primary incisors were congenitally absent. Therefore, we made dentures for the patient at the age of 3 years and 4 months. From the age of 5 years and 1 month, the child received articulation training for dysarthria from a speech therapist to improve the function and appearance of the oral cavity. Measurement of the patient’s dental models revealed a particularly narrow dental arch, especially between the primary canines. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of treatment for patients with non-syndromic oligodontia from an early age by multiple medical professionals, recognizing that the missing teeth affect the growth of the maxillofacial region.
Early Motor Developmental Milestones and Personality Traits in Midlife: A 50-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Flensborg-Madsen Trine , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Dammeyer Jesper , Wimmelmann Cathrine Lawaetz
Published: April 2023

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate if infants’ age at attaining motor developmental milestones is associated with the big five personality traits 50 years later. Methods Mothers of 8395 infants from the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort recorded a total of 12 motor developmental milestones during the first year of their infant’s life. Information on at least one milestone was available for 1307 singletons with adult follow-up scores on the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory. The mean age at personality testing was 50.1 years. Results Slower attainment of motor milestones was associated with increased neuroticism and lower conscientiousness in midlife. All 12 motor developmental milestones explained a total of 2.4% of the variance in neuroticism, while they explained 3.2% of the variance in conscientiousness. These results remained significant after adjustment for the included family and perinatal covariates, as well as adult intelligence. Discussion The personality trait of neuroticism is a general risk factor for psychopathology and has in young adulthood been found to be associated with early motor development. However, evidence on associations of motor developmental milestones with other personality traits has been non-existent. These findings suggest that delays in early motor development may not only characterise individuals with later psychopathology, including schizophrenia, but may also be associated with personality traits such as neuroticism and conscientiousness through the life course.
Predictors of Clinically Meaningful Results of Bracing in a Large Cohort of Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis Reaching the End of Conservative Treatment
Authors: Donzelli Sabrina , Fregna Giulia , Zaina Fabio , Livetti Giulia , Reitano Maria Chiara , Negrini Stefano
Published: April 2023

Background: We need good outcome predictors to maximize the treatment efficiency of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The in-brace correction has shown an important predictive effect on brace failure, while the influence of other variables is still debated. We aimed to identify new outcome predictors from a big prospective database of AIS. Methods: Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Inclusion criteria: AIS between 21 and 45°, Risser 0–2, brace prescription during the observation, treatment conclusion. All of the participants followed a personalized conservative approach according to the SOSORT Guidelines. Outcomes: End of growth below 30°–40°–50°. The regression model included age, BMI, Cobb angle, ATR, TRACE score, real brace wear (RBW), and in-brace correction (IBC). Results: A total of 1050 patients, 84% females, ages 12.1 ± 1.1, 28.2 ± 7.9° Cobb. IBC increased by 30%, 24%, and 23% the odds of ending treatment below 30°, 40°, and 50°, respectively. The OR did not change after the covariate adjustment. Cobb angle and ATR at the start also showed a predictive effect. Conclusions: The systematic evaluation of IBC in clinics is useful for individuating the patient response to brace treatment more accurately, even in relation to the Cobb angle and ATR degrees at the start. Further studies are needed to increase the knowledge on predictors of AIS treatment results.
Piloting the Virtual PLAYshop Program: A Parent-Focused Physical Literacy Intervention for Early Childhood
Authors: Hwang Yeongho , Boyd Madison , Naylor Patti-Jean , Rhodes Ryan E. , Liu Sam , Moldenhauer Ramiah , Li Joshua , Wright Chris , Buckler E. Jean , Carson Valerie
Published: April 2023

The PLAYshop program is a parent-focused physical literacy intervention for early childhood. This single-group mixed-methods pilot study aimed to explore the feasibility of virtually delivering and assessing the PLAYshop program. The virtual PLAYshop program included a virtual workshop, resources/basic equipment, and two booster emails (3-week and 6-week follow-up). Data on 34 preschool-aged children (3–5 years) and their parents from Edmonton and Victoria, Canada, were collected via an online questionnaire, virtual assessment session, and interview at single or multiple time points (baseline, post-workshop, 2-month follow-up). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), paired t-tests, repeated measures ANOVAs, and thematic analyses were conducted. Regarding feasibility, most parents (≥94%) were satisfied/extremely satisfied with the virtual workshop and planned to continue physical literacy activities post-workshop. The virtual assessment protocol for children’s fundamental movement skills (FMS; overhand throw, underhand throw, horizontal jump, hop, one-leg balance) was feasible, with high completion rates (>90%) and reliable scoring (ICC = 0.79–0.99). For positive changes in potential outcomes, a medium effect size was observed for children’s hopping skills (d = 0.54), and large effect sizes were observed for several parental outcomes (partial η2 = 0.20–0.54). The findings support the feasibility and potential positive outcomes of the virtual PLAYshop program. A larger randomized controlled efficacy trial is recommended.
FtbZIP85 Is Involved in the Accumulation of Proanthocyanidin by Regulating the Transcription of FtDFR in Tartary Buckwheat
Authors: Liu Shuangshuang , Wang Jianmei , Liu Zhibin , Yang Yi , Li Xiaoyi
Published: April 2023

As a drought-tolerant crop, Tartary buckwheat survives under adverse environmental conditions, including drought stress. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) and anthocyanins are flavonoid compounds, and they participate in the regulation of resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses by triggering genes’ biosynthesis of flavonoids. In this study, a basic leucine zipper, basic leucine zipper 85 (FtbZIP85), which was predominantly expressed in seeds, was isolated from Tartary buckwheat. Our study shows that the expressions of FtDFR, FtbZIP85 and FtSnRK2.6 were tissue-specific and located in both the nucleus and the cytosol. FtbZIP85 could positively regulate PA biosynthesis by binding to the ABA-responsive element (ABRE) in the promoter of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (FtDFR), which is a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. Additionally, FtbZIP85 was also involved in the regulation of PA biosynthesis via interactions with FtSnRK2.6 but not with FtSnRK2.2/2.3. This study reveals that FtbZIP85 is a positive regulator of PA biosynthesis in TB.
Impact of Stratospheric Geoengineering on Sea Surface Temperature in the Northern Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Ayissi Francis F. B. K. , Da Allada Casimir Y. , Baloïtcha Ezinvi , Tilmes Simone , Irvine Peter J.
Published: April 2023

Among techniques proposed to limit global warming, there is Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering (SAG) which is aiming to increase Earth-atmosphere albedo by injecting sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere in order to reduce the solar radiation that reaches the earth. This study aims to assess the potential impact of SAG on Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the Northern Gulf of Guinea and its causes using GLENS (Geoengineering Large Ensemble) simulations performed under a high anthropogenic emission scenario (RCP8.5). Here, we focus on two dynamically different regions: Sassandra Upwelling in Côte d’Ivoire (SUC, located east of Cape Palmas) and Takoradi Upwelling in Ghana (TUG, located east of Cape Three Points). Results show that in the SUC region, under climate change, there is an increase in SST (referred to as the current climate) all year long (by 1.52 °C on average) mainly due to an increase in net heat flux (lead by the decrease in longwave radiation) and also in weak vertical mixing (caused by strong stratification which dominates the vertical shear). Under SAG, SST decreases all the seasonal cycle with its maximum in December (−0.4 °C) due to a reduction in the net heat flux (caused by a diminution of solar radiation) and an increase in vertical advection (due to an increase in vertical temperature gradient and vertical velocity). In the TUG region, under climate change, SST warming is a little more intense than in the SUC region and SST changes are driven by an increase in the net heat flux and strong stratification. The cooling of the SST in TUG is similar to the SUC region, but contrary to this region, the cooling under SAG is not only explained by a decrease in the net heat flux but also by the remote forcing of wind changes at the western equatorial Atlantic.
Can Simple Metrics Identify the Process(es) Driving Extreme Precipitation?
Authors: Swenson Leif M.
Published: April 2023

This work seeks an automatic algorithm to determine the primary meteorological cause(s) of individual extreme precipitation events. Such determinations have been made before, but required a by-hand analysis of each separate event. This is very time-consuming and the field would benefit from an automatic process. This is especially relevant when comparing different datasets to determine which ones most closely hew towards reality. This paper tests three simple metrics over the continental United States using the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting’s (ECMWF) atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5). The metrics tested measure and compare the strength of three meteorological processes associated with extreme precipitation: fronts, convection, and cyclones. A multivariate statistical technique as well as individual case studies show evidence that the three meteorological processes of interest cannot be isolated from one another using these simple physical metrics. This shows the difficulty in finding “pure” cases of these precipitation-generating processes and suggests approaching these processes with an eye toward mixed-type events.