bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Earth Reflected Solar Spectral Radiation Observation System Based on the Lagrange L1 Point of the Earth–Moon System
Authors: Zhao Cong , Wang Kai , Li Shuqi , Ye Xin , Yi Xiaolong , Jiang Ye , Fang Wei
Published: December 2024

We propose an observation system based on the Lagrange L1 point of the Earth–Moon system to observe solar spectral radiation reflected from the Earth, enabling continuous hyperspectral observation of the Earth’s hemisphere. The system can observe the solar spectral radiation reflected by the Moon, with its data applicable to on-orbit spectral radiation calibration. In this paper, the spectral irradiance at the entrance pupil of the Earth spectral radiation observation system (ESROS) is analyzed, and the optical design of the ESROS is introduced. An off-axis two-mirror telescope system, a coupling system of a microlens array and a fiber bundle, and an optical splitting system based on concave grating are used to achieve the full field of view hyperspectral splitting and miniaturization of the instrument. Finally, the stray radiation suppression of the instrument is introduced. The results show that the spectral resolution of the system is better than 5 nm in the 380–1000 nm band, and the spectral resolution is better than 10 nm in the 1000–1700 nm band. When observing the Earth, the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than 200. The external stray radiation suppression reaches the order of 10−9. The ESROS will provide crucial data support for researching global energy balance, climate change, and the spectral characteristics of exoplanets, facilitating planetary science and the exploration of extraterrestrial life.
Estimating Biomass Carbon Stocks of Inner Mongolia Grasslands Using Multi-Source Data
Authors: Liu Yong , Sun Shaobo , Yang Xiaolei , Wang Xufeng , Liu Kai , Dong Haibo
Published: December 2024

Accurate estimates of biomass C stocks of grasslands are crucial for grassland management and climate change mitigation efforts. Here, we estimated the mean C stocks of grasslands in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR), China, in 2020 at a 10 m spatial resolution by combining multi-source data, including remote sensing, climate, topography, soil properties, and field surveys. We used the random forest model to estimate the aboveground biomass (AGB) of grasslands, achieving an R2 value of 0.83. We established a relationship between belowground biomass (BGB) and AGB using a power function based on field data, which allows us to estimate the BGB of grasslands from our AGB estimate. We estimated the mean AGB across IMAR to be 100.7 g m−2, with a total value of 1.4 × 108 t. The BGB of grasslands is much higher than AGB, with mean and total values of 526.0 g m−2 and 7.4 × 108 t, respectively. Consequently, our C stock estimates show that IMAR grasslands store significantly more C in their BGB (332.6 Tg C) compared to AGB (63.7 Tg C). Random forest model analyses suggested that remotely sensed vegetation indices and soil moisture are the most important predictors for estimating the AGB of grasslands in the IMAR. We highlight the important role of BGB for the C store in the Inner Mongolia grasslands.
Integrated Analysis of Water Ice Detection in Erlanger Crater, Lunar North Pole: Insights from Chandrayaan-1 Mini-SAR and Chandrayaan-2 DFSAR Data
Authors: Sahu Chandani , Kumar Shashi , Govil Himanshu , Chattoraj Shovan Lal
Published: December 2024

The characterization of the lunar surface and subsurface through the utilization of synthetic aperture radar data has assumed a pivotal role in the domain of lunar exploration science. This investigation concentrated on the polarimetric analysis aimed at identifying water ice within a specific crater, designated Erlanger, located at the lunar north pole, which is fundamentally a region that is perpetually shaded from solar illumination. The area that is perpetually shaded on the moon is defined as that region that is never exposed to sunlight due to the moon’s slightly tilted rotational axis. These permanently shaded regions serve as cold traps for water molecules. To ascertain the presence of water ice within the designated study area, we conducted an analysis of two datasets from the Chandrayaan mission: Mini-SAR data from Chandrayaan-1 and Dual-Frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (DFSAR) data from Chandrayaan-2. The polarimetric analysis of the Erlanger Crater, located in a permanently shadowed region of the lunar north pole, utilizes data from the Dual-Frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (DFSAR) and the Mini-SAR. This study focuses exclusively on the L-band DFSAR data due to the unavailability of S-band data for the Erlanger Crater. The crater, identified by the PSR ID NP_869610_0287570, is of particular interest for its potential water ice deposits. The analysis employs three decomposition models—m-delta, m-chi, and m-alpha—derived from the Mini-SAR data, along with the H-A-Alpha model known as an Eigenvector and Eigenvalue model, applied to the DFSAR data. The H-A-Alpha helps in assessing the entropy and anisotropy of the lunar surface. The results reveal a correlation between the hybrid polarimetric models (m-delta, m-chi, and m-alpha) and fully polarimetric parameters (entropy, anisotropy, and alpha), suggesting that volume scattering predominates inside the crater walls, while surface and double bounce scattering are more prevalent in the right side of the crater wall and surrounding areas. Additionally, the analysis of the circular polarization ratio (CPR) from both datasets suggests the presence of water ice within and around the crater, as values greater than 1 were observed. This finding aligns with other studies indicating that the high CPR values are indicative of ice deposits in the lunar polar regions. The polarimetric analysis of the Erlanger Crater contributes to the understanding of lunar polar regions and highlights the potential for future exploration and resource utilization on the Moon.
FITA-Containing 2,4-Dinitrophenyl Alkylthioether-Based Probe for Detection and Imaging of GSH
Authors: Dong Yalun , Wang Liyue , Liang Wenfang , Zhu Jiqin , Sun Lu , Yi Long
Published: December 2024

Glutathione (GSH) plays a crucial role in various physiological processes and its imbalances are closely related to various pathological conditions. Probes for detection and imaging of GSH are not only useful for understanding GSH chemical biology but are also important for exploring potential theranostic agents. Herein, we report a fast intramolecular thiol-activated arylselenoamides (FITA)-based fluorescent probe using 2,4-dinitrophenyl alkylthioether as a sulfydryl-selective receptor for the first time. The fluorescence of the probe was low due to the double effects of PET, while the probe exhibits an 86-fold fluorescence enhancement at 460 nm after GSH activation and a detection limit of 0.95 μM. Furthermore, the probe is low-toxic and capable of imaging cellular GSH. This work further expands the design and applicability of the FITA-based platform, offering a new thiol-deprotection strategy for development of fluorescent probes.
Enhanced Vernier Effect in Cascaded Fiber Loop Interferometers for Improving Temperature Sensitivity
Authors: Zhou Jianming , Zhi Yanyan , Zhang Junyi , Yao Jianping , Zhang Junkai , Zhang Jiejun
Published: December 2024

This work presents a high-sensitivity temperature sensing system utilizing an enhanced Vernier effect implemented in cascaded fiber loop interferometers. High-sensitivity temperature sensors based on the Vernier effect have broad application prospects, but the sensitivity of traditional measurement schemes is difficult to improve further due to the limited variation in the difference between two free spectrum ranges (FSRs). Our sensing system incorporates two fiber loop interferometers and a single-mode fiber to form a Vernier spectral response, characterized by two complementary optical filter responses. As the temperature of the sensing fiber changes, one FSR decreases, and the other increases, respectively, enhancing the difference value between the two FSRs to form an enhanced Vernier effect. Experimental results demonstrate that the temperature sensitivity of a traditional Vernier effect measurement is only −298.29 kHz/°C, while our proposed enhanced Vernier effect sensing system achieves a sensitivity of 618.14 kHz/°C, which is 92 times higher than that of a two-arm optical carrier-based microwave interferometry (OCMI) sensing system and 2.07 times higher than that of a traditional Vernier effect sensing system. This approach with an enhanced Vernier effect scheme based on cascaded fiber loop interferometers can be used to design high-sensitivity sensing systems for biometrics, smart cities, and the Internet of Things.
Combination ATR-FTIR with Multiple Classification Algorithms for Authentication of the Four Medicinal Plants from Curcuma L. in Rhizomes and Tuberous Roots
Authors: Wen Qiuyi , Wei Wenlong , Li Yun , Chen Dan , Zhang Jianqing , Li Zhenwei , Guo De-an
Published: December 2024

Curcumae Longae Rhizoma (CLRh), Curcumae Radix (CRa), and Curcumae Rhizoma (CRh), derived from the different medicinal parts of the Curcuma species, are blood-activating analgesics commonly used for promoting blood circulation and relieving pain. Due to their certain similarities in chemical composition and pharmacological effects, these three herbs exhibit a high risk associated with mixing and indiscriminate use. The diverse methods used for distinguishing the medicinal origins are complex, time-consuming, and limited to intraspecific differentiation, which are not suitable for rapid and systematic identification. We developed a rapid analysis method for identification of affinis and different medicinal materials using attenuated total reflection-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) combined with machine learning algorithms. The original spectroscopic data were pretreated using derivatives, standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), and smoothing (S) methods. Among them, 1D + MSC + 13S emerged as the best pretreatment method. Then, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) was applied to visualize the results, and seven kinds of classification models were constructed. The results showed that support vector machine (SVM) modeling was superior to other models and the accuracy of validation and prediction was preferable, with a modeling time of 127.76 s. The established method could be employed to rapidly and effectively distinguish the different origins and parts of Curcuma species and thus provides a technique for rapid quality evaluation of affinis species.
Irradiated Gao Miao Zi Bentonite for Uranium Retention: Performance and Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Yushan , Song Gang , Mo Yujie , Wang Shuwen , Chen Diyun , Su Minhua
Published: December 2024

Bentonite has been considered as backfill material in the long-term deep geological disposal sites for radioactive waste. The performance of raw and irradiated bentonite based on the retention of radioactive nuclides, such as U(VI), is a critical factor for its application. Herein, the intrinsic features and adsorption behavior of Gao Miao Zi (GMZ) bentonite based on uranyl ions was investigated. In aqueous solutions, bentonite can achieve an adsorption rate of up to 100% for U(VI). The primary mechanism of U(VI) adsorption by GMZ bentonite is ion exchange, supplemented by surface complexation. Strong irradiation can introduce slight structural changes and framework fractures in bentonite, reducing its adsorption capacity for U(VI). This study provides an in-depth analysis of the adverse effects of high doses of radiation (100 kGy) on the microstructure and adsorption properties of bentonite, offering important insights for the safe storage of radioactive waste.
Habits Related to Strength Training of Brazilian Recreational Runners
Authors: Santos Wagner K. A. , Forte Lucas D. M. , Silva Alexandre S. , Rufino Hallisson V. de O. , Vieira Lucas de F. , Silva João M. F. Lima , Thuany Mabliny , Gonçalves Reginaldo , Soares Ytalo M.
Published: December 2024

Despite strength training (ST) being well characterized by professional runners, little is known about the inclusion of ST models for recreational runners. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the presence of ST in the training practices of recreational runners, with a focus on understanding its characteristics and the motivations of recreational athletes for including ST in their routines. To this end, 801 recreational runners (493 male and 308 female) completed a structured questionnaire regarding their training habits, the inclusion of ST, and its characteristics, concerning the type of ST, training volume, and the reasons for including ST in their training programs. To assess the possible associations between categorical variables, data were analyzed using the chi-square test for independent samples. Approximately 625 runners (78.1%) reported that they included ST in their training routine, with a statistically significant difference between the sexes (men: 73.5% vs. women: 85.4%; X2 = 14.09; p = 0.01). Traditional strength training (TST) was the predominant type of ST included (78.5%), with most participants performing 2–4 sets and 8–12 repetitions per set at a frequency of 3–4 sessions per week. The importance of ST was primarily attributed to performance improvement (85%). The results suggest that recreational runners incorporate different types of ST into their training routines, with TST being the predominant type perceived by runners as a valuable asset for improving running performance.
The Application of Machine Learning and Deep Learning with a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for Pedestrian Modeling: A Systematic Literature Review (1999–2023)
Authors: Reyes-Norambuena Pedro , Pinto Alberto Adrego , Martínez Javier , Karbassi Yazdi Amir , Tan Yong
Published: December 2024

Among transportation researchers, pedestrian issues are highly significant, and various solutions have been proposed to address these challenges. These approaches include Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and machine learning (ML) techniques, often categorized into two primary types. While previous studies have addressed diverse methods and transportation issues, this research integrates pedestrian modeling with MCDA and ML approaches. This paper examines how MCDA and ML can be combined to enhance decision-making in pedestrian dynamics. Drawing on a review of 1574 papers published from 1999 to 2023, this study identifies prevalent themes and methodologies in MCDA, ML, and pedestrian modeling. The MCDA methods are categorized into weighting and ranking techniques, with an emphasis on their application to complex transportation challenges involving both qualitative and quantitative criteria. The findings suggest that hybrid MCDA algorithms can effectively evaluate ML performance, addressing the limitations of traditional methods. By synthesizing the insights from the existing literature, this review outlines key methodologies and provides a roadmap for future research in integrating MCDA and ML in pedestrian dynamics. This research aims to deepen the understanding of how informed decision-making can enhance urban environments and improve pedestrian safety.
Mechanism by Which Environmental Education Influences Pro-Environmental Behavior in Wuyishan National Park, China
Authors: Wu Xinyi , Jia Weiguo , Wu Tianyu
Published: December 2024

Environmental education is one of the main functions of China’s national parks, and it also plays a crucial role in the construction of an ecological civilization. Compared with the rest of Asia, the inception of national parks in China occurred relatively late, and fostering tourists’ pro-environmental behavior is a challenging endeavor. According to the theoretical paradigm of stimulus–organism–response (SOR), in this study, we selected place attachment, environmental attitude, and environmental quality to construct a theoretical model of the relationship between the perception of environmental education and pro-environmental behavior. We conducted a sample survey of 728 tourists who had been to Wuyishan National Park and constructed a structural equation model. Our findings indicate the following: (1) pro-environmental behavior is directly and significantly promoted by one’s perception of environmental education, place attachment, and environmental attitude; (2) place attachment and environmental attitude play an intermediary role between one’s perception of environmental education and pro-environmental behavior; and (3) the quality of the external environment positively influences the correlation between one’s perception of environmental education and place attachment. This study provides solutions and suggestions for Wuyishan National Park to improve the effectiveness of environmental education regarding tourists’ pro-environmental behavior.
Monitoring Environmental Degradation and Spatial Changes in Vegetation and Water Resources in the Brazilian Pantanal
Authors: Justino Sérvio Túlio Pereira , Silva Rafael Barroca , Guerrini Iraê Amaral , da Silva Richardson Barbosa Gomes , Simões Danilo
Published: December 2024

Diagnosing climate variability and environmental change in floodable regions is essential for understanding and mitigating impacts on natural ecosystems. Our objective was to characterize environmental degradation in the Brazilian Pantanal by identifying changes in vegetation and water cover over a 30-year period using remote sensing techniques. We evaluated surface physical–hydric parameters, including Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) maps, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), and precipitation data. There was a decrease in the area of water bodies (−9.9%), wetlands (−5.7%), and forest formation (−3.0%), accompanied by an increase in the area of pastureland (7.4%). The NDVI showed significant changes in vegetation cover (−0.69 to 0.81), while the MNDWI showed a decrease in water surface areas (−0.73 to 0.93) and the NDMI showed a continuous decrease in vegetation moisture (−0.53 to 1). Precipitation also decreased over the years, reaching a minimum of 595 mm. Vegetation indices and land use maps revealed significant changes in vegetation and loss of water bodies in the Pantanal, reinforcing the need for sustainable management, recovery of degraded areas, and promotion of ecotourism to balance environmental conservation and local development.
Environmental Degradation in Gulf Cooperation Council: Role of ICT Development, Trade, FDI, and Energy Use
Authors: Brahmia Samira Youssef , Mannai Sonia
Published: December 2024

Environmental degradation is a pressing issue, particularly in resource-dependent regions like the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. While significant research has explored the environmental impacts of economic growth and resource use globally, limited attention has been given to the unique dynamics in the GCC, including the role of ICT development, trade openness, and FDI inflows. This research examines how information and communication technology (ICT) development, economic growth, trade openness, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, and electricity consumption influenced environmental degradation in GCC countries from 1990 to 2022. Using panel data analysis, the study finds that ICT expansion and increased electricity consumption significantly contribute to higher CO2 emissions, exacerbating environmental degradation. Economic growth follows the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) pattern, where environmental harm initially increases with growth but can decline as economies diversify and adopt cleaner technologies. Trade openness and FDI inflows, particularly in resource-intensive industries, also contribute to environmental degradation, supporting the pollution haven hypothesis. However, these factors present opportunities for sustainable development if paired with stricter environmental regulations and cleaner technology adoption. The study highlights the need for GCC policymakers to prioritize renewable energy investments, enforce stronger environmental policies, and promote energy efficiency to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability. Recommendations for future research include exploring other environmental factors and assessing the role of technological innovations in reducing emissions.
Correction: Mauerer et al. Replacing Mineral Fertilizer with Nitrified Human Urine in Hydroponic Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Production. Sustainability 2023, 15, 10684
Authors: Mauerer Mareike , Rocksch Thorsten , Dannehl Dennis , Schuch Ingo , Mewis Inga , Förster Nadja , Ulrichs Christian , Schmidt Uwe
Published: December 2024

The authors would like to make the following corrections to the published paper [...]
Control Strategies for Steer-By-Wire Systems: An Overview
Authors: Perdana Muhammad Arjuna Putra , Budiman Alexander C. , Ristiana Rina , Muharam Aam , Ismail Kristian , Kurnia Muhammad Redho , Amin  , Huda Naili , Kaleg Sunarto , Hapid Abdul
Published: December 2024

Steer-by-wire (SbW) is the latest steering evolution, providing many benefits, such as reduced vehicle weight and enhanced steering capability. While reliability is one of the main concerns hindering its widespread application, the potential of this technology to revolutionize the automotive industry is huge. Control techniques play an important part in achieving the full potential of SbW by focusing on the development of its performance and safety aspects. This paper provides a review of the control techniques that are being used in SbW technology to achieve better performance and enhance safety. Various control techniques for SbW exist to serve different purposes when dealing with the non-linear nature of the SbW dynamics. Although there is no one-size-fits-all control technique for all the requirements of the SbW, this study highlights that the non-linear controllers based on the sliding mode control (SMC) are a popular option for enhancing the accuracy of SbW systems. However, these controllers often suffer from a downside known as chattering. In contrast, robust controllers like Model Predictive Controllers (MPCs) can effectively manage uncertain dynamics and eliminate chattering, although they pose challenges due to their high computational costs.
Toxicity of the Herbicide Roundup Original DI® in Tadpoles of Physalaemus erikae and Physalaemus cicada (Anura: Leptodactylidae)
Authors: da Silva Junior Mario Barbosa , Costa Renan Nunes , Dias Iuri Ribeiro , Pendu Yvonnick Le , Solé Mirco , Mira-Mendes Caio Vinícius de , Orrico Victor Goyannes Dill
Published: December 2024

Brazil is one of the largest consumers of herbicides in the world, and glyphosate-based herbicides (e.g., Roundup®) are commonly applied in cropland. Among vertebrates, amphibians are especially susceptible to contamination due to their strong association with freshwater environments. However, our knowledge of how these herbicides affect amphibians is still scarce, mainly regarding the impacts of commercial formulations. In this study, we experimentally evaluated the effects of Roundup Original DI®, a glyphosate-based herbicide, on tadpoles of Physalaemus cicada and Physalaemus erikae. Spawnings were collected in south and southern Bahia, transported to the laboratory, and kept until the tadpoles reached developmental stage 25. Tadpoles were acclimated for 24 h and subsequently exposed to increasing herbicide concentrations at acute and chronic levels to assess survival, lethal concentration (LC50 96 h), and morphological and ontogenetic responses. Contamination significantly decreased the survival of tadpoles of both species and affected the development of tadpoles of P. erikae. The estimated lethal concentration (LC50) after 96 h for Physalaemus cicada was 5.52 mg a.i./L, and Physalaemus erikae was 3.40 mg a.i./L. Also, at chronic concentrations, morphological changes were observed in the tadpoles of P. erikae, with the changes being mainly in the tadpoles’ tail and body shapes. Therefore, Roundup Original DI® is considered moderately toxic to both species. Our results extend the knowledge regarding the action of pesticides mainly for species of the genus Physalaemus, which is the best-known genus for glyphosate based-herbicide toxicity.
Water Quality Characteristics and Seasonal Changes in Wastewater Treatment in the Southern Hebei Region by Branch
Authors: Qu Chao , Cao Weiyuan , Dong Kun , Wang Dunqiu , Yao Yi
Published: December 2024

This study analyzed three years of data (2021–2024) from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), namely D, X, and T, in the main urban area of Handan, a typical city in the southern Hebei region, and investigated the influent characteristics and impact of temperature on these wastewater treatment facilities. With 90% assurance, the overall influent conditions of the three WWTPs in this region were normal. However, Plant T operated more effectively with slightly lower BOD5/CODCr (B/C), organic carbon/total phosphorus (C/TP), and organic carbon/total nitrogen (C/TN) ratios in the influent. Plant D consistently met the Level A standard, Plant X essentially reached the Level A standard, while Plant T attained the Level 2 standard prior to its upgrade. Following the upgrade, Plant T also steadily met the Level A standard. The effluent from all plants was relatively stable, primarily influenced by the influent characteristics and slightly influenced by temperature, but without having a noticeable impact on the effluent quality.
Predisposing Factors for Pseudoplacentational Endometrial Hyperplasia or Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia in Dogs and Their Association with Pyometra
Authors: Santana Clarissa Helena , Souza Monique Ferreira , da Silva Laice Alves , de Souza Lucas dos Reis , Santana André Marcos , Oliveira Ayisa Rodrigues , da Paixão Tatiane Alves , Santos Renato Lima
Published: December 2024

Pseudoplacentational endometrial hyperplasia (PEH) and cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) are both hyperplastic conditions that may occur in the canine uterus during diestrus. CEH can impair fertility, and, although the consequences of PEH are poorly known, this condition is significantly associated with pyometra. The aim of this study was to investigate frequencies of both PEH and CEH in female dogs according to age, size, breed, and breed group. Uteri from 300 female dogs were sampled and processed for histopathologic analyses. Lesions were identified, and frequencies were statistically compared. PEH was significantly more frequent in dogs between 4 and 12 years of age and significantly less frequent in Yorkshires than Shih-tzus, as well as in the breed group that includes Brazilian Terriers and Yorkshires. CEH was significantly more frequent in dogs older than 12 years, but no breed predisposition was observed. The frequency of PEH was significantly higher than that of CEH. The frequency of pyometra in PEH cases was significantly higher than endometritis or uterus without inflammation. This study identified age, breed group, and size as predisposing factors for PEH and further demonstrated the association between this condition and pyometra in dogs.
Predictive Model for Water Consumption in a Copper Mineral Concentrator Plant Located in a Desert Area Using Machine Learning
Authors: Pérez Cortés Sebastián A. , Contreras Moreno Eduardo H. , Flores Páez Humberto , Hurtado Cruz Juan P. , Jarufe Troncoso Juan A.
Published: December 2024

In this study, water consumption predictions are made based on data obtained from two copper mineral concentration plants located in the northern region of Chile, Antofagasta Region, measured during a year of mining operation. The area to which this operation belongs is characterized by a desert climate with average annual rainfall of less than 50 mm and maximum and minimum temperatures of 29 °C and 4 °C for summer, and 26 °C and −5 °C for winter, measured during 2022. To perform the predictions, a database corresponding to two concentration plants with daily measurements for a year was used, which were analyzed using four regression models using Machine Learning (ML) in Python: Support Vector Regressor (SVR), Extreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Random Forest Regressor (RF). The predictions obtained by each of the ML models were studied using cross-validation hyperparameter tuning and identifying the variable with the greatest impact. The model with the best prediction results was ANN, as it yielded the lowest relative error in the predictions.
The Effects of Data Quality on Deep Learning Performance for Aquatic Insect Identification: Advances for Biomonitoring Studies
Authors: Simović Predrag , Milosavljević Aleksandar , Stojanović Katarina , Savić-Zdravković Dimitrija , Petrović Ana , Predić Bratislav , Milošević Djuradj
Published: December 2024

Deep learning models, known as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have paved the way for reliable automated image recognition. These models are increasingly being applied in research on freshwater biodiversity, aiming to enhance efficiency and taxonomic resolution in biomonitoring. However, insufficient or imbalanced datasets remain a significant bottleneck for creating high-precision classifiers. The highly imbalanced data, where some species are rare and others are common, are typical of the composition of most benthic communities. In this study, a series of CNN models was built using 33 species of aquatic insects, with datasets ranging from 10 to 80 individuals, to determine the optimal number of individuals each class should have to build a high-precision classifier. We also consider the effect of class imbalance in the training dataset and the use of oversampling technique. The results showed that a robust model with acceptable accuracy (99.45%) was achieved with at least 30 individuals per class. A strongly imbalanced dataset caused an approximately 2% decrease in classification accuracy, while a moderately imbalanced dataset had no significant effect. The application of the oversampling technique enhanced in 1.88% the accuracy of strongly imbalanced models. These findings can help effectively tailor future aquatic macroinvertebrate training datasets.
Numerical Simulation Study on Dominant Factors of Surge Hazards in Semi-Submerged Landslides
Authors: Lei Jie , Xu Weiya , Huang Qingfu , Tian Lei , Zhao Fugang , Lyu Changhao
Published: December 2024

Landslide-generated surge waves are significant natural hazards, posing severe risks to engineering safety. Despite extensive research on the dynamics of landslide-generated waves, studies analyzing controlling factors and their mechanisms remain limited, leaving key influencing processes inadequately understood. This study utilizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to perform a numerical simulation of a semi-submerged landslide in a hydropower station reservoir area. The research systematically investigated the effects of key variables, including slide volume, velocity, centroid height, and water depth, on the behavior of semi-submerged landslide-generated surge waves. Results demonstrate a positive correlation of slide volume, velocity, and centroid height with the initial wave height and run-up on the opposing shoreline. However, the impact of water depth reveals a more complex pattern, exhibiting distinct surge characteristics in the near-field and far-field zones. Via correlation and sensitivity analyses, this study elucidated the relationships between these factors and surge dynamics, identifying the primary factors influencing the size of the semi-submerged landslide-generated surge. The findings provide critical insights for predicting and mitigating surge disasters, offering both theoretical foundations and practical application value for landslide disaster prevention and management.
Values, Beliefs, and Norms: A Theoretical Approach to Understanding Household Water Insecurity Coping Strategies
Authors: Owuor Patrick Mbullo
Published: December 2024

Water insecurity is an ongoing global challenge for households. Many families, especially those in regions experiencing water scarcity, employ different coping methods to alleviate its consequences. However, the strategies often utilized by displaced communities remain largely unexplored. Moreover, there is a lack of analysis on how values, beliefs, and social norms (VBN) shape household decisions regarding these methods. This qualitative study included in-depth interviews with 65 individuals impacted by the Thwake Dam construction in Makueni County, Kenya. The study utilized the VBN theory to analyze individual and household decisions by examining various coping strategies related to water insecurity. Our research shows that displaced communities employ different strategies to alleviate the negative impacts of water insecurity. However, the effectiveness of these strategies largely hinges on households’ capacity to store water. Personal values, beliefs, and norms—such as religious and cultural traditions—drive individuals’ reactions to diverse water circumstances, impacting their coping mechanisms. Household coping strategies for water insecurity differ significantly; however, water storage plays a crucial role in influencing other coping techniques among displaced communities. The VBN theoretical framework enhances our understanding of how families deal with water insecurity and use their water resources, illuminating individuals’ daily water-related experiences.
Response of Soil Detachment Capacity to Hydrodynamic Characteristics Under Different Slope Gradients
Authors: Zhang Kerui , Wang Chenfeng , Wang Jian , Zhu Shoujun , Wang Xiaoping , Wang Yunqi , Zhang Xiaoming , Zhu Jinqi
Published: December 2024

The mechanism of soil detachment on steep slopes is obviously different from that on gentle slopes. However, the slope effect of soil detachment remains unclear. The objective of this study was to quantify the slope effect of soil detachment capacity at the varying hydrodynamic characteristics. In this study, the soil detachment capacity (Dc) on clay loam and hydrodynamic characteristics were measured by conducting the runoff scouring experiments at 10 slope gradients (1.7–57.7%) and 5 unit flow discharges (0.022–0.089 m2·min−1). The results showed that the relationships between Dc and hydrodynamic parameters were affected by slope gradient. Based on the optimal functional relationship, the hydrodynamic characteristics (flow velocity, flow shear stress, stream power, unit stream power, and unit energy) calculated by maximum and minimum Dc in this study changed by 19.91–95138.10%, and the Dc calculated by the maximum and minimum hydrodynamic characteristics could differ by up to nine orders of magnitude. Overall, the power function of hydrodynamic parameters was superior to the linear function in different slope gradients. The stream power was the best predictor for Dc compared with other hydrodynamic parameters. For all combinations of slope gradients, the adjusted coefficient of determination (Adj. R2) of the power relationship between Dc and stream power was 9.41–27.40% higher than it was between Dc and other hydrodynamic parameters. The coefficient and index of power function for different hydrodynamic parameters showed a trend change with increasing slope gradient, indicating that there was a slope effect on Dc. Further analysis found that Dc could be well predicted using a power combination equation of slope gradient, flow velocity, and flow depth (Adj. R2 = 0.96). This study helps to better understand the mechanism of soil detachment and emphasizes that the slope effect should be considered when establishing a soil detachment equation.
Kazakh prima-kobyz and Kyrgyz prima-kiyak: the experience of the comparative study
Authors: Junussova Balzhan , Utegalieva Saule , Bulatova Dinara
Published: December 2024

This work is devoted to the improved string-bow chordophones - Kazakh prima-kobyz and Kyrgyz prima-kiyak. They possess a nearly 90-year history and have been studied little to date. The both instruments are considered for the first time in a comparative plan. The similar instruments of the same type were widely used in many Turkic republics of Central Asia in connection with organizing orchestras of folk instruments. They became actively used in ensemble and solo music practice later. Popularity and the existing repertoire allow to pay closer attention to them.
Lise Öğrencilerinin Bilim ve Sanat Merkezi Yaz Okulu Destekleme ve Yetiştirme Kursları ile İlgili Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Ataş Mustafa , Yanık Fatma
Published: December 2024

Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılının temmuz ayının 15’inde başlayıp ağustos ayının 15’inde biten Bilim ve Sanat Merkezleri Yaz Okulu Destekleme ve Yetiştirme kursu açma kararı almıştır. Bu kurslar Kahramanmaraş Nuri Pakdil Bilim ve Sanat Merkezinde de gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma bu kursa devam eden öğrencilerin Yaz Okulu ile ilgili görüşlerinin tespitini amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç dahilinde kursa katılan 13 lise öğrencisi ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda kursa katılan öğrencilerin kurstan mutlu ayrıldıkları ve benzer bir kurs açılırsa yine o kursa da katılma niyetinde oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanında Bilim ve Sanat Merkez’lerinde gerçekleştirilen Etkinlik Temelli Eğitimi okullarında gördükleri Anlatıma Dayalı Eğitime tercih ettikleri ve kursta sıkılmadan verimli dersler işledikleri tespit edilmiştir. Bununla beraber öğrenciler kursun sonunda BİLSEM öğrencisi olmak istediklerini ifade etmişlerdir. Çalışma verilerinin ışığında kursların her sene tekrarlanmasının faydalı olabileceği görüşü ön plana çıkmıştır. Bunun yanında kurstaki ders sayısının azlığı, günde sadece iki saat derse girilebiliyor olması ve kurs süresinin bir ayla sınırlı olması kursun eleştirilen kısımları olmuştur. Tüm bunların sonucunda kursların her yıl sonunda açılabileceği gibi örgün eğitim devam ederken de açılabileceği, kursta öğrencilerin alabileceği ders sayısının arttırılabileceği, atölye çeşitliliğinin sağlanabileceği araştırmacılar tarafından sıralanan önerilerdir.
Surgical tactics for the management of patients with multiple brain injuries in the presence of a risk of delayed brain damage in the acute period of TBL
Authors:   N. P. Behtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation, Pyak A. A. , Kholyavin A. I. ,   N. P. Behtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

Multiple parenchymal brain injuries (foci of contusion and/or intracerebral hematomas) are characterized by a very rapid development of diffuse edema and dislocation of the brain as a result of the combined effects of all foci, leading to early disorders of cerebral circulation and cerebrospinal fluid circulation, which leads to high mortality in this cohort of patients. The present study is devoted to the search for optimal indications for timely surgical intervention in this group of patients. A retrospective study of 54 patients with delayed parenchymal hemorrhagic brain injuries in the acute period of traumatic brain injury was conducted. Patients were treated at the State Medical Institution «Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medicine» in Tver from 2016 to 2022. All patients had severe isolated or combined traumatic brain injury (ICD diagnosis code: S06.3, T06.8), which led to a fatal outcome. Based on the results of statistical studies, a surgically significant total volume of the lesion and/or intracerebral hematoma was determined, amounting to 30 cm3 in patients with multiple parenchymal brain injuries.
Application of fair value in goodwill valuation
Authors:   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod”, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Druzhilovskaya E.S.
Published: December 2024

The use of fair value in goodwill valuation is required when
preparing financial statements under various accounting standards,
including Russian and International ones. At the same time, goodwill
itself is a significant accounting item for many organizations in both
healthcare and other areas of activity. As a result, the issues of applying
fair value in goodwill valuation are of particular importance for many modern organizations. These issues are analyzed in this article.
The following methods were used in the research: analysis and synthesis,
grouping method, comparison, analogy method, logical approach,
systems approach. The results obtained in this work will be useful to a
wide range of readers interested in various problems of modern Russian
and foreign accounting and reporting of various economic entities. The
provisions substantiated in this article can be applied in the educational
process of higher educational institutions, as well as in the practical
work of accounting departments of modern healthcare organizations,
as well as economic entities operating in other areas.
Accounting for short-term intangible assets
Authors:   Federal State Educational Budgetary Institution of Higher Education “Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation”, Moscow, Russia, Sotnikova L. V.
Published: December 2024

Over the past more than a quarter of a century of active
reform of Russian accounting in accordance with IFRS, during this entire
period there was no such thing as “short-term intangible assets” in regulatory
documents. Accounting for full-fledged long-term intangible
assets has undergone many changes during this time. This year, the
Non-governmental accounting Regulator “Accounting Methodological
Center” in its recommendation “Short-term rights” outlined its position
on the reflection of intangible assets, the useful life is exactly 12 months,
which is often indicated in licenses, and less than 12 months, which
may be inherent in experimental design developments in our dynamic
time. When conducting research, we used such methods as analysis
and synthesis, comparison, grouping method, analogy method, logical
approach, systematic approach. As a result of the conducted research,
this article, in particular, presents generalized requirements for the
reflection of short-term intangible assets in accounting and accounting
(financial) statements. The results of this study will be of interest to a
wide range of readers studying various problems of modern Russian and
foreign accounting, and can also be used in the educational process of
higher educational institutions.
Problems of information and analytical support of business management and ways to solve them
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian Economic University named after G. Plekhanov”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Medvedev D. K. , Prodanova N. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian Economic University named after G. Plekhanov”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2024

Effective functioning of most modern commercial organizations
is based on a comprehensive accounting of changes in the external
and internal environment, which involves assessing the content,
nature and direction of such transformations. The growth in the number
and significance of ongoing changes is accompanied by a significant
increase in the volume of information that must be collected, structured
and interpreted for subsequent management decisions. In such conditions,
there is an objective need to implement special software packages
that can provide the maximum level of automation of the collection
and processing of accounting information to solve problems at various
levels, including monitoring the company’s cash flows, assessing
and analyzing its financial condition and financial stability, determining
opportunities for optimizing the capital structure, etc. The purpose
of this study is to determine the feasibility of implementing automated
tools for information and analytical support for business management
to ensure the effectiveness of monitoring the movement of commodity
and cash flows and making sound management decisions to ensure the
competitive position of the organization in the market.
Policultivo de camarón y tilapia: innovación administrativa para una acuicultura sustentable en Sinaloa
Authors: Somoza Ríos Jesus Alberto , Mares Galindo Rosa Penélope , Lizárraga Bernal Rosa del Carmen , Niebla Lizárraga Gilberto , Inzunza Duarte Kenia
Published: December 2024

El consumo y producción de camarón es fundamental para la seguridad alimentaria, especialmente para sectores vulnerables. Se realizaron simulaciones utilizando software como Stella.9 y R para evaluar la producción de camarón en policultivo. Los resultados sugieren que este enfoque puede mejorar la eficiencia operativa y la sustentabilidad en la industria acuícola. Las conclusiones indican que el policultivo de camarón y tilapia es viable y puede replicarse en diversas regiones, contribuyendo a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible al promover prácticas más sustentables y responsables con el medio ambiente.
Situación financiera de las compañías de seguros frente a la inseguridad ciudadana en Ecuador
Authors: Parrales Rojas Leslie Priscilla , Paredes Floril Priscilla Rossana , Palma San Lucas Jordan Jesús
Published: December 2024

Se destaca la relevancia de esta investigación, en función del alarmante incremento de la inseguridad en Ecuador. El objetivo fue determinar la incidencia de la inseguridad ciudadana en la situación financiera de las compañías de seguros. El estudio fue de carácter cuantitativo, diseño no experimental  con  corte  longitudinal  y  alcance  correlacional,  mediante el coeficiente de Correlación paramétrica de Pearson. La muestra estuvo conformada por 25 empresas, los datos de los periodos 2019-2023 fueron obtenidos de la página web de la Superintendencia de Compañías, Valores y Seguros (SCVS) y procesados en el programa SPSS. Los resultados revelaron una correlación muy alta entre la inseguridad y variables como la liquidez corriente, la razón de seguridad, la rotación de activos y el riesgo crediticio, con un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de 1. En contraste, se observó una correlación negativa débil entre la inseguridad y la rentabilidad económica, con un coeficiente de -0,177. En conclusión, la inseguridad incide en la situación financiera de las empresas del sector asegurador.
Análisis de las operaciones de desguace de naves y su impacto socioambiental en el Perú
Authors: Ramírez Caján Alfonso
Published: December 2024

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar los riesgos e impactos ambientales y en la salud pública generados por las operaciones de desguace de naves en el Perú, reguladas por el Convenio de Hong Kong y supervisadas por la Autoridad Marítima Nacional. Se analizó el impacto de sustancias químicas como el asbesto, compuestos orgánicos volátiles, bifenilos policlorados y plomo, las cuales presentan propiedades bioacumulables y biopersistentes. Estas sustancias, debido a un manejo y disposición inadecuados, afectan la cadena trófica, alteran el equilibrio ecológico y generan riesgos para la seguridad y salud ocupacional de los operadores y trabajadores, además de contaminar cuerpos receptores con carga inorgánica dañina. La metodología empleada incluyó un enfoque mixto. Se realizó una revisión documental de normativas internacionales y nacionales, así como entrevistas semiestructuradas a expertos en reciclaje de buques y análisis cuantitativos de muestras de residuos mediante espectrometría y cromatografía. Los resultados permitieron correlacionar las prácticas de manejo de residuos con los impactos identificados, proponiendo recomendaciones para la mejora de las operaciones y el cumplimiento efectivo de normativas. Este enfoque garantiza un análisis integral de los riesgos asociados al desguace de naves, priorizando la protección ambiental y la salud pública.