bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los paradigmas del desarrollo y su evolución: Del enfoque económico al multidisciplinario
Authors: Iturralde Carlos Antonio
Published: March 2019

Cómo desarrollar una sociedad alcanzando el bienestar y las expectativas de vida de sus habitantes es una interrogante que existe desde antes que la Economía surja como ciencia, cuya respuesta continúa en discusión, situación que motivó la elaboración de este artículo que tiene como propósito presentar de forma resumida las teorías que tuvieron mayor reconocimiento por sus contribuciones para comprender el desarrollo, señalando los hitos que marcaron avances significativos en el conocimiento sobre este fenómeno social. Enmarcado en el enfoque cualitativo, el presente estudio descriptivo se sustenta en la investigación bibliográfica, permitiendo observar la evolución de la construcción del concepto de desarrollo, que inicialmente contempló sólo la dimensión económica confundiéndolo con crecimiento y orientando las políticas hacia el incremento del PIB y el consumo en masas, empero los insatisfactorios resultados presionaron a incorporar la dimensión social requiriendo aportes de otras ciencias como la Sociología, la Política y el Derecho, y posteriormente la dimensión ambiental que sumó perspectivas de ciencias duras como la Física y la Biología, gestándose enfoques multidisciplinarios, entre ellos, el desarrollo humano sostenible propuesto por el PNUD que considera el enfoque de capacidades de Sen y principios de sostenibilidad, cuya aceptación facilitó el acuerdo plasmado en la Agenda 2030 que planteó diecisiete objetivos de desarrollo sostenible desagregados en ciento sesenta y nueve metas en las esferas económica, social y ambiental.
Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible como marco para la acción y la intervención social y ambiental
Authors: Rodrigo-Cano Daniel , Josep Picó Maria , Dimuro Glenda
Published: March 2019

El cambio climático se ha erigido como uno de los mayores riesgos para la ciudanía a nivel planetario y, especialmente, para el ser humano que a su vez es el principal causante. Esta investigación ha pretendido analizar el papel de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible para la acción y la intervención social y ambiental y el papel que la educomunicación ambiental tiene ante el reto del cambio climático, como uno de los fenómenos que, por su urgencia, está en la agenda ambiental, social, económica y política, para ello se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica actual de las principales investigaciones en el área. A lo largo de esta revisión se ha observado que el cambio climático y los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, definidos por entidades supranacionales, no están presente en la educación ambiental y que en la comunicación ambiental solo se cuenta con especial interés las catástrofes y situaciones extremas. En tiempos de redes sociales e informaciones falsases necesario la recuperación de enfoques críticos e ideológicos de la educación para los medios, para el desarrollo de la educación mediática y de la competencia digital para ser capaces de construir nuevas narrativas a través de los medios digitales para formas nuevas ecociudadanías capaces de provocar un cambio necesario y transformador en el sistema.
Propuesta metodológica para la generación de productos turísticos a partir de la comunidad local
Authors: Ramírez Hernández Omar Ismael
Published: March 2019

Las nuevas exigencias sociales, económicas y ambientales hacen necesario el diseño de productos turísticos donde la comunidad local sea considerada como el pilar fundamental para la creación y desarrollo de estos. En este sentido, el objetivo central de este artículo es elaborar una propuesta metodológica para el diseño de los productos turísticos a partir de la participación y gestión de este actor. En este sentido, la revisión de diferentes propuestas destaca la necesidad de crear una metodología para desarrollar productos turísticos a través de la comunidad local; pues es ella quien resalta como un actor olvidado en la generación y gestión de los productos turísticos. De esta forma, y cubriendo este vacío, la propuesta metodológica se compone de ocho etapas: I) Sensibilización de la comunidad local, II) Contextualización del lugar, III) Diseño del producto turístico, IV) Identificación y análisis de la demanda, V) Decisión del precio, VI) Comercialización, VII) Prueba de Mercado y VIII) Puesta en marcha del producto turístico y seguimiento. Si bien, la generación de productos turísticos es una labor heterogénea, y depende de muchos elementos intrínsecos y extrínsecos; este documento pretende ser una guía general, que ayude a la integración de los residentes del destino como gestores de la actividad turística.
Migraciones en la sociedad contemporánea: Correlación entre migración y desarrollo
Authors: Lotero-Echeverri Gabriel , Pérez-Rodríguez M. A.
Published: March 2019

En la sociedad contemporánea las migraciones se han intensificado, debido al proceso de globalización, por el cual las economías se vuelven interdependientes y se tejen redes de trabajo transnacionales, que facilitan la inserción laboral de personas cualificadas. Además de la popularización de las TIC, las cuales se han vuelto omnipresentes y refuerzan procesos de hibridación cultural, a la vez que permiten acercar distancias. Sin embargo, la presencia del extranjero se sigue encuadrando como una amenaza en los discursos de políticos influyentes y en los medios masivos de comunicación, quienes desconocen los efectos positivos que las migraciones pueden aportar, desde el punto de vista económico, cultural, educativo y en la promoción del desarrollo humano. El presente trabajo tiene como fin revisar la relación entre migraciones internacionales y desarrollo humano, la cual se puede enfocar desde dos puntos de vista, el codesarrollo, que involucra a los migrantes como promotores del desarrollo, o desde la teoría de la dependencia, que afirma que las migraciones refuerzan el círculo vicioso de la pobreza de sus territorios de origen. Se destaca que los países receptores tienen políticas para seleccionar migrantes con estudios superiores y con recursos financieros, mientras que son reacios a recibir migrantes laborales poco cualificados, atraídos por mejores salarios, así como también se obstruye la entrada a personas que solicitan refugio, ante la necesidad de protección de sus derechos humanos.
Escenarios distópicos en la literatura colombiana
Authors: Ardila Clemencia
Published: March 2019

La literatura colombiana no ha sido ajena a imaginar escenarios futuros; a conjeturar acerca de cómo el espacio geográfico de nuestras ciudades se transforma, producto de nuevos modelos de organización social y política; a predecir el destino de los colombianos de los años o siglos venideros, a trazar la cartografía del país del mañana. Particularmente, en los primeros años del 2000 se publican dos novelas: El cerco de Bogotá (2003) de Santiago Gamboa e Iménez (2011) de Luis Noriega, que focalizan su atención en Bogotá y, desde propuestas genéricas diferentes, configuran universos posibles de valencia negativa. Los escenarios propuestos por estos dos autores, así como las relaciones con el poder, la ciencia y la literatura misma, son algunos de los motivos temáticos que se analizan en este trabajo.
El cuerpo como espacio de resistencia: Foucault, las heterotopías y el cuerpo experiencial
Authors: Benavides Franco Tulio Alexander
Published: March 2019

En virtud del carácter difuso que Foucault atribuye a las relaciones de poder, es posible afirmar que la sujeción de los cuerpos nunca es absoluta, de modo que estos no son algo inexorablemente determinado por el ejercicio del poder. En este artículo se muestra de qué manera el cuerpo, en tanto que blanco principal de un poder preponderantemente físico, puede en forma eventual constituirse en escenario de des-sujeción y resistencia, en el “lugar” desde el cual ese mismo poder puede ser resistido. Esto, gracias a lo que en este artículo se describe como una “condición heterotópica” del cuerpo, que implicaría la excedencia y el desbordamiento de los procesos de sujeción, y que, en última instancia, permitiría hablar del “cuerpo experiencial” como el espacio en el que tendría lugar la puesta en cuestión de la propia subjetividad.
Marx, Engels e a (re) produção material do viver humano: para a restituição de uma base histórica
Authors: Rocha Antunes Paulo Fernando
Published: March 2019

A (re)produção material do viver humano descreve, em última instância, quanto ao nosso entendimento, o que na conceção materialista da história de Marx e Engels se pode entender por base económica. Com vista a ilustrar o afirmado, atente-se às seguintes formulações que consideram a amplidão das relações económicas: “produção da própria vida material”, “produção da vida”, “modo de produção da vida material” e “produção e reprodução da vida imediata”. A produção implica sempre a reprodução, implica as condições que garantam a sua continuidade, o que se entende como condição basilar – veremos que não é num sentido restrito – da sociedade. É esta perspetiva, não sistematizada pelos dois autores alemães, mas amplamente presente na generalidade dos seus escritos, que se pretende recuperar para debate, com vista à restituição de uma base histórica.
El capitalismo monopólico durante la Alemania nazi y la violación a los derechos humanos
Authors: Gómez Milany Andrea , Giraldo Ramírez Jorge Iván
Published: March 2019

Este artículo sostiene que la exacerbación autoritaria y totalitaria del capitalismo, en la primera mitad del siglo xx, tuvo su origen en la crisis experimentada por el capitalismo de libre mercado, debido a dinámicas propias de la sociedad liberal. El resultado fue una masiva violación de los derechos humanos liberales que habían posibilitado la consolidación y legitimación del propio capitalismo de libre mercado. De esta manera, en el texto se esboza que a la sociedad liberal moderna le es inherente una tendencia autoritaria, vinculada a la dinámica inestable y propensa tendencia a la crisis de la reproducción del capital. Este rasgo estructural es ilustrado con los debates de la Escuela de Frankfurt sobre el fin del capitalismo liberal. Y dentro de este horizonte general, se sigue con especial detalle el análisis crítico que Franz Neumann realiza, en tensión con “la tesis del capitalismo de Estado” de Friedrich Pollock, sobre el devenir totalitario de la República de Weimar.
La Bogotá distópica: los cómics sobre una ciudad en caos
Authors: Roncallo-Dow Sergio , Aguilar-Rodríguez Daniel , Uribe-Jongbloed Enrique
Published: March 2019

Este artículo explora los recursos narrativos y visuales planteados en el cómic colombiano, desde 1992 hasta nuestros días, para describir representaciones distópicas de la ciudad de Bogotá. La distopía se entiende, en términos generales, como una visión negativa, para la humanidad, de un futuro posible o de un presente alterno, y se clasifica acá en distopías de fallo tecnológico, distopías de coerción simbólica/ coerción física, distopías de apocalipsis zombie/infectado y distopías de apocalipsis sobrenatural/no humano. Para la investigación se recopilaron las publicaciones impresas disponibles desde 1992 (130 productos), de los cuales se seleccionaron aquellos que sucedieran o hicieran referencia a la ciudad de Bogotá. De los 45 cómics que cumplían dicho criterio, se identificaron y analizaron las 28 piezas que presentaron un escenario distópico. Entre los hallazgos fundamentales se encontró que la violencia y el conflicto, tanto simbólicos como físicos, son constantes en los diferentes escenarios distópicos identificados en la muestra, lo que refleja y proyecta la violencia histórica que vive un país como Colombia.
La distopía del presente: apuntes sobre Jinete a pie, de Israel Centeno
Authors: Fermín Daniel
Published: March 2019

Este artículo propone una lectura analítica de la novela Jinete a pie (2014), de Israel Centeno, que forma parte del grupo de obras, publicadas en los últimos años, que vislumbran un futuro distópico para Venezuela. Inicialmente se repasa el origen de la distopía como género literario y sus antecedentes utópicos, así como el auge de la novela distópica venezolana en el siglo xxi; luego se estudian las características de Jinete a pie, para analizar la construcción de una distopía que remite a una Caracas arrasada por la violencia y su relación con el contexto venezolano actual.
“La narración alivia la pesadilla de la historia” La ciudad ausente de Ricardo Piglia y la periferia de la distopía
Authors: Giraldo Efrén
Published: March 2019

Este artículo examina la aparición de motivos distópicos en la obra de Ricardo Piglia. Se discuten las afirmaciones sobre narración y poder en “Teoría del complot” y otros ensayos del autor, y las referencias a poder policial y narración en Los diarios de Emilio Renzi y La ciudad ausente. Esto, para señalar que Piglia adelanta una lectura distópica de la historia argentina y latinoamericana. Tal lectura tiene sus bases visuales y narrativas en una tradición novelística y cinematográfica distópica que no ha sido suficientemente reconocida en los trabajos sobre el escritor argentino. Con la reciente publicación de los Diarios y la aparición póstuma de libros de conferencias y entrevistas de Piglia, esa línea de lectura cobra relevancia
La velocidad de los cuerpos: mercado, distopía y desecho en Los días de la peste, de Edmundo Paz Soldán
Authors: Montoya Juárez Jesús
Published: March 2019

Edmundo Paz Soldán es uno de los narradores latinoamericanos que de manera más audaz ha visitado el tópico del devenir simulacro de lo real y la transformación que la proliferación tecnológica de nuestro siglo provoca en la psique humana. En sus obras podemos leer una dominante arqueológica, frecuente en el género distópico, más allá de que sus ficciones, tal vez a excepción de Iris y Las visiones, no puedan etiquetarse de ciencia ficción. Me centro en este artículo en su última novela publicada. Los días de la peste puede, en principio, leerse como una vuelta al realismo tras un ciclo narrativo que visita la ciencia ficción; no obstante, en ella, la presencia material de los cuerpos, la reflexión sobre su condición de objeto problemático, como ocurría en Iris o en Las visiones, resulta obsesiva y central. La novela parece abordar la pregunta que, entre otros, se hacía Santiago Alba Rico en su ensayo Ser o no ser (un cuerpo) (2017): ¿cuál es la velocidad de los cuerpos hoy? ¿Cuál es su estatuto bajo el capitalismo contemporáneo? ¿Qué tienen que decir o reclamarnos? Paz Soldán, así, ofrece en la novela el colofón a una reflexión sobre la condición del cuerpo y la subjetividad en nuestro tiempo, articulado desde la ciencia ficción, y un realismo contemporáneo preñado de sus tópicos.
Home-made TOP10 competent heat-shock cells v1
Authors: M Julkowska Magdalena
Published: March 2019

The standard protocol to propagate TOP10 Competent cells for Heatshock transformation method
INDICATORS OF TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES OF REGIONAL CLIMATE
Authors: Shevchenko О. , Snizhko S. , Oliynyk R. , Kostyrko I.
Published: March 2019

Climatic indices are usually created for a particular group or sector of influence, and because of their complexity they cannot be universal and apply for more than one region. In addition, a methodology is needed that would allow studying of changes in the index over a long period of time using climatological data (both models and observations). That is why there are many metrics (or indexes) that try to provide quantitative information about the periods of extreme heat. Since there are many different climatic regimes in one region, it is necessary to focus on observations of extreme temperatures over the research territory. Thus, the anomalies of the air temperature regime that were recorded at 18 meteorological stations of Ukraine during the reference period of 1981-2010 were considered in this study. To assess the effects of hot events (especially heat waves) for a selected region, it is important to know how the climate indicator is evaluated. To assess the effects of hot events, in particular, heat waves, for a particular region, it is important to know how the climate indicator is evaluated this event because there is a certain risk that the inadequate index distorts the climatological information, which in turn leads to ineffective planning of adaptation and mitigation. Therefore, it is necessary to use the index of a climatic event, which could be easily calculated based on the regional climatic data and which could provide comprehensive information that characterizes the heat event which is observed. The latest studies show, the HWMI index is considered an alternative index of temperature regime. HWMI indices were calculated based on the analysis of the maximum daily air temperature series for the calendar year. This was achieved due to the temperature thresholds established on a single metric, which is the most important for which the heat waves were identified and estimated. The annual thresholds of maximum daily air temperature for different reference periods (1961-1990 and 1981-2010) were investigated. It was found out, there is the difference in the threshold values of maximum air temperature during the year for the indicated reference periods only in winter (January-February) and in summer (July-August) and did not exceed 3°С. The field of maximum temperature thresholds for the reference period, which focuses on the south-east of the country, is established. The spatial variability of temperature thresholds along the zonal and meridional sections was studied, which allowed optimizing the grid for the construction of the regional field of threshold extreme temperatures.
Modern Neuropsychoanalysis as an Integrative Scientific and Therapeutic Practice
Authors: Eidemiller E.G. , Tarabanov A.E.
Published: March 2019

We present the analysis of the main provisions of neuropsychoanalysis — a theory integrating psychoanalysis and neurosciences. The main prerequisites for the emergence of neuropsychoanalysis are described. Being developed along the principles of integration and convergence of sciences, neuropsychoanalysis faces complex theoretical and practical challenges, such as explaining the results of neuroscientific studies, building models of brain and psyche relationship and interpreting therapeutic process from the point of view of neural interactions. Neuropsychoanalysis as an integrative psychotherapeutic paradigm has been proven clinically usable; it helps form a new neurobiological perspective of psychotherapeutic relations. We emphasize the phenomenon of interpretation, which is essential both for understanding the functioning of the brain, building the models of the self and the world on the basis of interpreting the incoming flow of signals, and for effective therapeutic practice, where the client reinterprets and integrates traumatic narratives by incorporating repressed content of the unconscious contents.
Psychological Support for the Patient with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Case Report
Authors: Streltsov V.V. , Zolotova N.V.
Published: March 2019

Actuality: Currently the development and use of different psychotherapeutic technologies are particularly relevant in the anti-tuberculosis institutions. We analyze the case of a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis who was getting psychological support during his inpatient treatment with the use of the method of pathogenetic analysis based on the neurosis concept by V.N. Myasishchev. Main results: resolving inner conflicts and learning adaptive reactive and behavioral models improves the patient’s psychological status and the efficacy of treatment. Conclusions: personality-oriented level of psychological impact is necessary in the treatment of lung tuberculosis patients, especially in cases of the unfavorable course of illness. Psychoeducation programs contribute to the emergence of the patient’s motivation for personal psychotherapy and facilitate its process.
Elektrik Yaralanması Nedeniyle Başvuran Çocukların Klinik, Demografik Özellikleri ve Klinik Sonucu Etkileyen Faktörler: Tek Merkez Çocuk Acil Kliniği Deneyimi
Authors: Berksoy Emel Ataş , Yazıcı Selçuk
Published: March 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of childhood electrical injuries and to determine the factors affecting clinical outcome.
Materials and Methods:The data of 112 patients who applied to the emergency department between January 2008 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups as under 6 years of age, 6 to 10 years old and 10 years of age and over, and the relationship between the groups in terms of electricity supply and voltage, the occurrence of injury, clinical complaints and laboratory values were examined.
Results:  78 (69.6%) of the patients were male and 34 (30.4%) were female. The median age was 5 years (11 months-15 years). 101 of the patients (90.2%) had injured with low-voltage current and 88 (78.6%) were injured in the house environment. According to the electrical source, the most frequent causes of injury were plug sockets under the age of six years (67.9%), electrical cable between the ages of six to ten years (39.4%), electrical devices over ten years of age (41.6%). Two patients had sinus bradycardia and four patients had soft tissue trauma due to fall.None of the patients had deep tissue damage, severe burn and renal failure. Troponin I, liver and kidney function tests, serum electrolytes, leukocyte levels were normal in all patients.Conclusion: The majority of electrical injuries in children were due to low voltage current and preventable household contact. Further investigations may not be required in low-voltage electrical injuries with ...
2010-2016 Yılları Arasında Pamukkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’ne Başvuran Cinsel İstismar ve Cinsel Saldırı Olgularının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Yazar Mustafa Eray , Boz Bora
Published: March 2019

Objective:Sexual crimes are considered to be one of the most serious crimes among human crimes, which can be seen in all societies, since the existence of humanity regardless of the culture, religious belief, socioeconomic level and regime difference. Studies in our country and in many countries show that high number of sexual crimes has been committed. With the fact that the reported cases are less than half of the total, according to various studies, the seriousness of the problem is obvious. Especially in our country, this problem is intensely affected by the sociological changes experienced in recent years.
Materials and Methods:In this study, 565 cases of sexual abuse and sexual assault who were referred to Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine between 2010 and 2016 were examined in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors and prevention methods.
Results:Of the cases, 85.1% (n: 481) were female, 14.9% (n: 84) were male, and 40% (n: 226) were in the 15-18 age group; where 88.1% (n: 498) of the accused were mostly the relatives o acquaintances and 99.5% (n: 562) were male. When the cases evaluated in the Forensic Medicine outpatient clinic were examined (n: 267); it was observed that 11.2% (n: 30) of the cases were evaluated within the first 72 hours after the event and 50% (n: 15) of them were admitted to the state hospital first. In 12.6% of the cases (n: 71), the use of internet-social media was found to be the way of contact for the accused to ...
Diyabet Hastalarinda Hipogliseminin Ceza Sorumluluğuna Etkisi
Authors: Kaynak Ayşe Derya , Tümer Ali Rıza
Published: March 2019

It is common for people who are charged with crime to assert that their will is not in place during the action of the crime by asserting health problems in their defense to avoid unfair penal sanctions. In this regard, mental health disorders are the most common. However, other health problems affecting the state of consciousness should not be forgotten. Diabetes patients may also claim that their will is disabled in the crimes committed in the attack of hypoglycemia. There are also known chronic complications such as vision loss, renal failure, heart attack, personality changes in long-term diabetes patients, as well as acute treatment complications such as hypoglycemia and neuroglycopenia, which are caused by high-dose insulin therapy and are characterized by impaired cognitive functions. The courts can therefore request expert opinion from the forensic experts on the determination of the person's criminal liability. In this article, it is aimed to discuss the cases of hypoglycemia and neuroglycopia, which is a common treatment complication in diabetic patients, and whether or not cognitive and cognitive disorders in the individual can affect criminal responsibility, and if so, the extent to which these effects may affect the case.
Anestezi ve Sedasyon Altındaki Cinsel Halüsinasyonların Tıbbi ve Yasal Yönleri: Olgu Bildirileri
Authors: Mutlu Emre , Aşıcıoğlu Faruk
Published: March 2019

Dreaming and hallucinations under sedation or anesthesia have been known since the early stages of anesthesia. Sexual hallucinations that develop under the influence of sedative or hypnotic drugs may lead to allegations of sexual harassment or assault by physicians, nurses and other health professionals who perform the intervention, as they are thought to be real and felt intensely by the patient. In order to prevent the physicians from being the subject of false accusations, it may be advisable that the intervening halls should be under surveillance, without interfering with the ethical sensitivity, if possible with other health workers of the same sex as the patient. The investigation of the drugs in terms of hallucinogenic effect during phase studies prior to the introduction to clinical use is also important to prevent similar cases. On the other hand, it is necessary to take all claims seriously and to investigate whether there ...
Maksillofasiyal Kesici-Delici Alet Yaralanmasına Bağlı Beyin Harabiyeti Sonucu Ölüm: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: Yaşar Teke Hacer , Birincioğlu İsmail , Can Muhammed , Kurtaş Ömer
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study is to discuss a rare case of death in the light of the literature, due to brain tissue damage and cerebral hemorrhage caused by a stab wound injury, accompanied by bone fractures in the skull. A 32-year-old male who was injured by a stab wound from the face during a discussion in a hotel was hospitalized for treatment. Cranial tomography revealed a fracture in the ethmoid bone at the anterior and lateral wall of the left maxillary sinus and ventricular hemorrhage. He died in the following day in the university hospital where he was referred. In the autopsy, a 3.5 cm long oblique stab wound incision was observed below the left eye-on the left side of the nose and just below this lesion another 0.5 cm long incision was also detected. Death cases due to brain damage with a stab wound are rarely encountered...
Sık Hastane Başvurusu Ev içi Şiddetin Habercisi mi?
Authors: Balcı Yasemin , Kadı Gülsüm , Göçeoğlu Ümit Ünüvar , İnanç Leman
Published: March 2019

Objective:The intimate partner violence is observed in all segments of society with different proportions. It can cause many different health problems in the medium-long term. In this study, we evaluated the hospital admissions in the last year in cases who were admitted to the Forensic Medicine Outpatient Clinic due to violence from his/her spouse/partner; to determine the health problems of the victims of violence and their relationship with violence.
Materials and Methods: The demographic data of the patients who applied to Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Education and Research Hospital Forensic Medicine Clinic due to the his/her spouse/partner violence between 01 June 2014 and 31 May 2017 were examined. In addition, other polyclinic/clinical applications were reviewed retrospectively in the last one year before the admission to the forensic medicine outpatient clinic.
Results: Among the total 3966 cases admitted to our outpatient clinic, 198 cases (5%) were exposed to physical violence by their spouses. 177 (89.4%) of the cases were female and 21 (10.6%) were male. The mean age was 35.2 ± 10.5 (range 17-76) and the highest rate was in the 30-39 age group with 37.4%. The highest number of requests for reports was from the police headquarters on behalf of the public prosecutor with 115 cases. The mean number of applications to different units was 7.5 ± 8.5 in the last year.
One-year application of cases; from one polyclinic to 10 different outpatient clinics, with 1 to 10 different symptoms/complaints. The most common complaints and symptoms related with musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal...
Utilization of immunization services among children aged under five in Kirinyaga County, Kenya
Authors: Njeru Margret W. , Kabue Priscilla N. , Gachau Albert G.
Published: March 2019

Background: Immunization is the key strategy to curb communicable diseases which are the number one killer of children under five years of age. Immunization prevents mortalities of approximating three million children under five years annually. This study aimed to assess utilization of immunization services among children aged under five in Kirinyaga County, Kenya.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 388 participants in the five sub-counties of Kirinyaga County through systematic random sampling. Data was collected using a structured interview and review of recorded data from the Children immunization record card. Data was analyzed using SPSS and chi-square tests used to measure the association between independent and dependent variables. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05.Results: Immunization at birth and at 6 weeks was highly utilized at 91%. However, there was a decline during the subsequent visits. Age, gender, profession and level of income were significant factors that affected timely immunization. Health service barriers to utilization included long ques and waiting time, stock out of vaccine and rescheduling of vaccination and clinic return dates. Other identified factors were myths and misconception, side effects, parity and lack of information.Conclusions: The results showed that utilization of immunization services was not in compliance with the expanded programme on immunization schedule. There is therefore need for health education programs to be carried out to improve utilization of immunization services and a door to door campaign to trace and immunize defaulters.
Satisfaction and discontinuation with the use of family planning methods among eligible couples of rural and urban areas of Karimnagar
Authors: Gayathry Dasari , Moluguri Anil , Gurnule Sachin , Sekhar Chandra , Guthi Visweswara Rao
Published: March 2019

Background: Family planning in which the major component is use of contraceptive methods is a key constituent of health services. The growing use of contraception around the world has given couples the ability to have child as they wish and has tremendous life-saving benefits. Therefore, the current study was conducted to assess the family planning practice among the couples of reproductive age group in the field practice areas.Methods: A cross - sectional study was conducted during February 2013-January 2014 among the couples residing in the field practice study areas. A semi-structured questionnaire regarding practices towards family planning was administered to 406 couples of the study area.Results: It has been observed that about, 250 (61.6%) couples were practicing contraception, while 156 (38.4%) were not practicing any method. There was no statistically significant difference observed between the family planning practices of couples in rural and urban area (p=0.54).Conclusions: The study revealed that most of the couples were practicing at least one family planning method with marginal difference in urban and rural area. Among those who were practicing, most common method was tubectomy followed by vasectomy, OCPs and IUDs and most of them were satisfied regarding the adopted method. Sustained efforts on dissemination of information, providing education and increasing communication with couple in reproductive ages and improved family welfare service along with regular availability of contraceptive level would also help in improving adoption and use of family planning measures.
Domestic accidents among under-5 year children: a study on the modern day epidemic
Authors: Khan Samreen , Tauheed Nazia , Nawab Sana , Afzal Suboohi , Khalique Najam
Published: March 2019

Background: Domestic accidents are a priority problem, and urgent attention is required to prevent considerable morbidity and mortality in children of the under-five age group.Methods: Community based cross-section study done in the peri-urban areas of Aligarh, India. Mothers/care-givers were interviewed about any domestic accident faced by children under 5 year age, in the last 1 year, through a semi-structured, pilot tested questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was performed using SPSS 24.0 software.Results: Majority of respondents were in the age group 20-35 years, majority of the children affected were male (35.6%), and in the age group of 3 to <4 years (22.3%). Most accidents occurred inside home, most commonly due to falls, followed by sharp injury and burn. Mother’s education level had a significant association with the occurrence of domestic accidents (odd’s ratio: 2.34, CI: 1.08-5.07).Conclusions: Domestic accidents among children are prevalent in the study area. Dissemination of injury prevention information with special focus on household modification and increased parental supervision are effective strategies to prevent unintentional injury.
Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among men having sex with men of urban Vadodara
Authors: Panchal Preeti P. , Shringarpure Kalpita S , Damor Jivraj R. , Mazumdar Vihang S.
Published: March 2019

Background: Men having sex with men (MSM) are at higher risk of getting STIs, including HIV. Their role as bridge population is also very important in the spread of HIV. This study was done with the objective to study the demographic and behavioural factors of MSM and to measure the prevalence of STI among MSM using laboratory facilities of regional RTI/STI centre.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at a targeted intervention (TI) site of Vadodara city. Sixty-eight MSM were enrolled, counselled regarding HIV and other STI testing followed by an interview using a pretested semi-structured study instrument for the information regarding socio-demographic status, sexual behaviour, present and past history of STI and health seeking behaviour. Following that, clinical examination for presence of any signs of STI and sample collection [oro-pharyngeal, urethral and anorectal swab] was done in an examination room and blood samples were collected. The samples were tested for various STIs at Regional RTI/STI centre.Results: Thirty-seven percent of MSM were bisexual. 37% MSM were not using condom consistently with ‘unavailability at all the time’ being the main reason. Six out of 68 MSM found positive of STI. Prevalence was maximum for Chlamydia infection followed by HSV2, HBsAg.Conclusions: Prevalence of STI was 8.82% among MSM of Vadodara city.
Clinico-epidemiological profile of malaria cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital, in South India
Authors: Krishna Pankajala Amritha , Kumar Hemant
Published: March 2019

Background: Malaria is a global health problem leading to huge morbidity and mortality. India accounts for 4% of global malaria cases and 52% of malaria deaths outside the African region. A disease that was relatively unknown in Mangaluru till 1990, has shown consistent rise till 2015 killing nearly 300 people. Though, declining trends are being observed since 2015, yet its incidence continues to be high. Present study was undertaken to study clinical as well as epidemiological factors associated with malaria transmission in Mangaluru.Methods: A record based retrospective study was conducted in A J Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre Mangaluru tertiary care hospital. The data was retrieved from the Medical Record Department of the hospital for three years i.e. 2015 to 2017 and analysed.Results: A total of 1779 confirmed cases of malaria were admitted during the study period. Out of these 1309 (73.58%) cases were due P. vivax, 73 (04.10%) cases due to P. falciparum 306 (17.20%) cases had mixed infections while species of remaining 91 (05.11%) cases remained unspecified. A peak in the number of inpatients was seen in June while mean duration of hospital stay was 5.17±3.31 days. A total of 252 (14.16%) patients had one or more severe manifestations of malaria as per WHO guidelines.Conclusions: The present study reveals that majority of admitted malaria cases were young adult males belonged to urban area. Majority of the cases were infected by Plasmodium vivax or had mixed infections.
Is hormonal contraceptive risk for congenital malformation?
Authors: Hiremath Prabhuswami , Patange R. P. , Salunkhe J. A. , Mohite Vaishali R. , Naregal Prakash
Published: March 2019

Background: Little research is conducted in the safety of emergency contraceptives so the potential for developmental toxicity has not been evaluated.Methods: This hospital based descriptive study was conducted at tertiary care center, Krishna Hospital. Mothers who are diagnosed to have congenital birth defected fetus through antenatal examinations, delivered baby with diagnoses of congenital malformation, congenital malformed admitted neonates at Tertiary care hospital or came for reference services were assessed from September 2016 to August 2017.Results: The prevalence with number of birth, it is 1.4% and calculating with number of neonates admitted its prevalence rate is 5.3%. Overall in the hospital the prevalence noted is 0.2%. 283 mothers were diagnosed to have congenital malformation baby, among these, 264 (93.3%) mothers not had any history of birth control pills use and only 19 (6.7%) mothers stated that they used the birth control pills. Those used birth control pills in those 4 babies (1.4%) born with nervous system defects, 3 babies (1.1%) had cleft lip and cleft palate, and 2 (0.7%) babies had digestive system, musculoskeletal system and chromosomal abnormalities. Association between congenital malformation and history of Use of birth control pills shows strong association.Conclusions: The problem of conclusively proving a small increase in the incidence of rare abnormalities is very formidable. This may be due in part to the fact that the anomalies associated with hormonal contraceptives may occur primarily in those children who are predisposed genetically.
Oral hygiene and health status of rural school children in Rajahmahendravaram: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Spandana B. Sudha , K. M. Lavanya , Mishra Sushant Kumar , Raju S. Hari Krishnam
Published: March 2019

Background: Oral health is an integral component of general health. School age, especially younger ages, is a period of overall development. Although enjoying good oral health includes more than just having healthy teeth, many children have inadequate oral and general health because of improper oral hygiene, bad eating habits etc. Oral health affects the general health, well-being, education and development of children and diminishes their quality of life. Objectives were to assess the oral health status and oral hygiene of rural school children and to determine the factors associated with it.Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural field practice area of Rajahmahendravaram for a period of 3 months. All the children between 1st to 5th classes were screened to evaluate the oral health and hygiene status. Findings were documented in a pre-validated proforma and subsequently analyzed.Results: Total 620 students were screened in 4 rural schools. About 165 (26.6%) students were 10 years age and 54.3% were boys. Decayed tooth were present in 294 (47.4%). About 17% had only 1 decayed tooth, six teeth were seen decayed among 4 (0.6%) students. Dental morbidities are seen in 509 (82.1%). Pulp involvement was seen in 11 (1.8%) students, tooth fracture in 4 (0.8%), gingival involvement in 13 (2.1%), calculus in 52 (8.4%) and scaling in 80 (12.9%). Good oral hygiene was seen in 156 (25.2%).Conclusions: Oral health status and oral hygiene among rural school children is not satisfactory and needs attention.
Nipah virus outbreak in India: is it a bat-man conflict?
Authors: Narayan Vinod A.
Published: March 2019

Nipah virus infection is a newly emerging zoonotic disease that spreads from animal to human. The fruit bats are the one of the carriers of Nipah virus which gets transmitted from bats to other animals mainly through body fluids. Nipah can cause asymptomatic infection to the acute respiratory syndrome and fatal encephalitis in human beings with a dreadful mortality rate of 70 per cent. This review article focused on role of bats in ecosystem and preventive measure to contain the virus by improving public health. In 2018 the outbreak of Nipah in Kerala state of India claimed 17 lives. It has indeed opened Pandora’s box exposing the role of general public, health department and social media and so on. The early detection and the well-oiled medical infrastructure in the state did wonders. Though social media have been accused of spreading misinformation leading to culling of bats, the people of Kerala responded with positive frame of mind. Prompt and synchronized efforts of all stakeholders like health workers, state government, scientists, researchers and central government led to timely and successful control of Nipah virus cases in Kerala.
Effects of an Adenotonsillectomy on the Cognitive and Behavioural Function of Children Who Snore: A naturalistic observational study
Authors: Al-Zaabi Khalid , Al-Adawi Samir , Jaju Sanjay , Jeyaseelan Lakshmanan , Al-Sibani Nasser , Al-Alawi Mohammed , Al-Abri Mohammed , Al-Abri Rashid
Published: March 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate cognitive and behavioural changes among 9–14-year-old Omani children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) after an adenotonsillectomy (AT). Methods: This naturalistic observational study was conducted at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, between January 2012 and December 2014. Omani children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) underwent overnight polysomnography and those with confirmed OSA were scheduled for an AT. Cognitive and behavioural evaluations were performed using standardised instruments at baseline prior to the procedure and three months afterwards. Results: A total of 37 children were included in the study, of which 24 (65%) were male and 13 (35%) were female. The mean age of the males was 11.4 ± 1.9 years, while that of the females was 11.1 ± 1.5 years. Following the AT, there was a significant reduction of 56% in mean apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) score (2.36 ± 4.88 versus 5.37 ± 7.17; P <0.01). There was also a significant positive reduction in OSA indices, including oxygen desaturation index (78%), number of desaturations (68%) and number of obstructive apnoea incidents (74%; P <0.01 each). Significant improvements were noted in neurocognitive function, including attention/concentration (42%), verbal fluency (92%), learning/recall (38%), executive function (52%) and general intellectual ability (33%; P <0.01 each). There was a significant decrease of 21% in both mean inattention and hyperactivity scores (P <0.01 each). Conclusion: These results demonstrate the effectiveness of an AT in improving cognitive function and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-like symptoms among children with ATH-caused OSA. Such changes can be observed as early as three months after the procedure.Keywords: Adenoidectomy; Obstructive Sleep Apnea; Cognitive Function; Behavior; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders; Children; Oman.
Clinical Aspects, Immunophenotypic Analysis and Survival Rate of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Patients in Erbil City, Iraq
Authors: Hasan Kawa M.
Published: March 2019

Objectives: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is characterised by an accumulation of clonal B cells in the blood, bone marrow and lymphatic tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and immunophenotypic characteristics and survival rate of CLL patients. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Nanakaly Hospital for Blood Diseases & Oncology in Erbil, Iraq, between January 2011 and December 2017. A total of 105 CLL patients were assessed to determine clinical presentation and staging, immunophenotype and survival rate. Results: The median age of the patients was 65 years and 63.8% were male. The main clinical presentations were splenomegaly (64.8%), pallor (61.9%) and lymphadenopathy (60%). More than half of the patients presented at an advanced clinical stage according to the Rai and Binet staging systems (59.1% and 55.2%, respectively). All CLL cases expressed both cluster of differentiation (CD)19 and CD5, 67.6% had monoclonal kappa light chains and 21% expressed CD38. The five-year overall survival (OS) rate was 61.3%. The mean duration of five-year survival was 41.3 months (95% confidence interval: 36.4–46.3 months). There were no correlations between survival and sociodemographic, clinical or laboratory characteristics. Conclusion: In comparison to the existing Western literature, Iraqi CLL patients more frequently presented with hepatosplenomegaly and at a more advanced clinical stage. In addition, the five-year OS rate was much lower.Keywords: Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia; Immunophenotyping; Survival Rates; Iraq.
Physicians’ Perceptions of Electronic Prescribing with Electronic Medical Records in Kuwaiti Primary Healthcare Centres
Authors: Almutairi Bashair A. , Potts Henry W. W. , Al-Azmi Saadoun F.
Published: March 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate physicians’ perceptions of electronic prescribing in Kuwaiti primary healthcare centres. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2017 among 368 physicians from 25 primary healthcare centres in Kuwait. Data were collected from the participants using a self-reported questionnaire, including sociodemographic characteristics, previous experience with computers and awareness, knowledge and use of e-prescribing systems and their functional features. In addition, perceptions of the benefits and levels of satisfaction associated with e-prescribing were explored. Results: A total of 306 physicians completed the survey (response rate: 83%). The majority had positive perceptions regarding the use of e-prescribing, particularly in terms of time-savings (86%), healthcare quality (84%), productivity (80%) and clinical workflow and efficiency (83%). However, many respondents indicated that e-prescribing systems required additional improvements in terms of functionality. Conclusion: Most physicians in primary healthcare centres in Kuwait recognised the importance of e-prescribing to improve the quality of patient care, streamline workflow, increase productivity and reduce medical errors. However, there is a need to improve the design and infrastructure of e-prescribing systems, which may aid in the adoption of such systems in Kuwait.Keywords: Computer-Assisted Drug Therapies; Electronic Prescribing; Electronic Medical Records; Physicians; Primary Healthcare; Kuwait.