bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geographic and epistemic pluralism in the sources of evidence informing international environmental science–policy platforms: lessons learnt from the IPBES values assessment
Authors: Guibrunet Louise , González-Jiménez David , Arroyo-Robles Gabriela , Cantú-Fernández Mariana , Contreras Victoria , Flores Mendez Daniela , Ocampo Castrejón Arlen Valeria , Lliso Bosco , Monroy-Sais Ana Sofía , Mwampamba Tuyeni H. , Pascual Unai , Baptiste Brigitte , Christie Mike , Balvanera Patricia
Published: September 2024

Non-technical summary

This article examines the challenges and opportunities to integrate diverse sources of evidence in assessments produced by international platforms working at the science–policy interface. Diversity (or pluralism) of sources of literature, both in terms of their geographic origin and disciplinary focus, is essential for assessments to inform decision-making across social–ecological contexts. Using the recently completed ‘Methodological Assessment of the Diverse Values and Valuation of Nature’ of the Intergovernmental Science–Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services as a case, we find that significant effort has been dedicated to reviewing diverse literature. We discuss three strategies to expand pluralism in future assessments.

Technical summary

Representing plural views in science–policy platforms is essential to avoid reproducing geographic and epistemic biases that permeate contemporary scientific knowledge production and synthesis. The Intergovernmental Science–Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) has strived to produce assessments that incorporate information from diverse regions and knowledge systems. We explore the geographic and epistemic pluralism of the literature included in the ‘Methodological Assessment of the Diverse Values and Valuation of Nature’ (VA), and the challenges and opportunities to achieve such knowledge pluralism. We applied a bibliometric analysis to the sources of evidence cited in the VA, and reflected on the assessment development process, in which we were directly involved. Our results highlight the success of different strategies developed by VA experts to engage with diverse sources of literature. Still, most evidence was English-language academic literature produced in Western Europe, Canada, and the United States, echoing the prominence of this literature in scientific publication in environmental disciplines. Reflecting on our experiences, we discuss strategies that could further enhance the geographic and epistemic pluralism in the information reviewed for future environmental assessments produced by IPBES and other international science–policy platforms.

Social media summary

Epistemic and geographic pluralism was partially achieved in IPBES Values Assessment, and can be further enhanced in future assessments.
Navigating systemic risks: governance of and for systemic risks
Authors: Schweizer Pia-Johanna , Juhola Sirkku
Published: September 2024

Non-technical summary

Systemic risks such as climate change and pandemics are complex and interconnected. Managing such risks requires effective organisational structures and processes. This publication presents conceptually robust, evidence-based approaches for assessing and managing systemic risks.

Technical summary

Systemic risks originate and evolve in the nexus of tightly coupled dynamic systems, which are a characteristic of modern societies in the Anthropocene. Systemic risk implies the breakdown of a system which provides essential functions to society. Connectivity between systems is a key enabler for systemic risk to manifest through cascading effects. Thus, systemic risks originate and evolve in the nexus of tightly coupled dynamic systems. Cascading effects and the convergence of systemic risks with conventional risks as well as other systemic risks challenge the established modes of risk governance that still rest to a large extent on differentiation and compartmentalisation. Thus, governance of systemic risks requires an integrative approach towards risk governance that combines interdisciplinary risk analysis with iterative, adaptive and inclusive governance procedures. By drawing on the case studies of the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change, this paper proposes an innovative risk governance framework for systemic risks based on the integration of systems analysis and a governance procedure with the salient features of reflection, iteration, inclusion, transparency and accountability.

Social media summary

Systemic risks highlight the interconnected nature of our contemporary societies which calls for tailored responses.
Navigating Constraints: Activist Strategies in the Vietnamese LGBT+ Movement
Authors: Mai Yên
Published: September 2024

In the past decade, the Vietnamese lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and other sexual orientations and gender identities (LGBT+) movement has succeeded in repositioning this population from the stigmatising label of “social evils” to a more positive social representation. Despite the limited space for civil society in this authoritarian environment, Vietnamese activists and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have effectively changed public attitudes, improved visibility, and gained legal recognition for this marginalised community. This study uses qualitative data from interviews with twelve activists and fieldwork observations to explain how activist strategies in this setting align with the “service delivery” function of civil society. By examining how activists have addressed healthcare and education deficits, I demonstrate that activism in authoritarian regimes can be effective when it assists instead of challenges the government. The findings contribute to scholarship on global queer activism by demonstrating how a service delivery approach can achieve social change, highlighting the role of NGOs and international development in this process. Additionally, the findings expose existing challenges that hinder these activists’ efforts, showing how funding dependency and inadequate legal recognition can significantly limit the creativity and autonomy of grassroots activist groups.
Challenges Faced by People with Learning Difficulties Two Years after the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Rastgar Farajzadeh Leyla , Kucian Karin , Ebrahimi-Kalan Abbas , Broumand Esfangareh Nazila
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Background: Learning difficulties are often accompanied by additional challenges in physical and mental health, as well as psychological, neurodevelopmental and medical conditions. In such a situation, crises such as the epidemic of COVID-19, which caused significant economic and social disparities can double the problems. To fully understand the wide-ranging impact of school closures, the transition to online education, and the recognition and support of mental health concerns, it is crucial that we carefully examine the lasting effects of the pandemic. Methods: The literature review played a crucial role in providing background information for this study. To gather academic literature, we extensively searched the PubMed and Scopus databases, including terms: “COVID-19” AND (“learning” OR “learning disorder” OR “learning disability”). From initially n = 173 studies only n = 64 studies remained for the literature review. Discussion: We present a comprehensive strategy to address the deleterious effects of Covid-19 on learning difficulties. The disparities faced by people with learning difficulties across different socio-economic groups increased after the pandemic. Individuals with learning difficulties often experience unique mental health challenges that require tailored support. Providing professional assistance is crucial to ensuring academic success for students with learning difficulties, as it allows us to fully consider the significant changes in education and tailor our support accordingly. This will empower them to surpass their obstacles and flourish in their efforts.
Psychische Auswirkungen chronischer Erkrankungen
Authors: Dittrich Anna-Maria , Campbell Victoria
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung: Chronische somatische Erkrankungen erhöhen das Risiko für psychische Auffälligkeiten bis hin zu diagnostizierbaren psychischen Störungen. Umgekehrt beeinflussen psychische Auffälligkeiten die Verarbeitung der chronischen Erkrankung und können deren Verlauf dadurch ungünstig beeinflussen. Die psychologische Diagnostik und Unterstützung nimmt daher einen besonderen Stellenwert bei der Versorgung dieser Kinder und Jugendlichen ein. Eine besondere Rolle für eine gelungene Unterstützung spielt dabei das gegenseitige Verständnis von Psychologen/Psychotherapeuten und Kinderärzten. Die Beiträge im vorliegenden Themenheft nehmen sich verschiedener Aspekte dieser interdisziplinär herausfordernden Situation an.
Elternschaft und Krebs: Psychische Belastungen und Erziehungsverhalten bei krebskranken Eltern mit Kindern im Alter von 0 – 12 Jahren
Authors: Runde Annkathrin , Uslu Cennet , Friedhoff Jana , Zimmermann Tanja
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Jedes Jahr erkranken ca. 37 000 Eltern mit minderjährigen Kindern an Krebs. Dies kann bei allen Familienmitgliedern zu einer erhöhten psychischen Belastung (insbesondere Angst und Depressivität) und Zunahme an psychischen Folgeerkrankungen führen. Fragestellung: Die psychische Belastung sowie das Erziehungsverhalten unterscheiden sich bei krebskranken Eltern im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung und Krebserkrankten im Allgemeinen. Methode: N = 98 krebskranke Eltern von 0 – 12-jährigen Kindern füllten Fragebögen zu psychischem Wohlbefinden, Belastung, Erziehungsverhalten und Verhalten der Kinder aus. Ergebnisse: Eltern mit Krebs zeigten im Vergleich zur Normalbevölkerung oder zu Krebserkrankten im Allgemeinen eine niedrige Lebensqualität und höhere Werte für Angst, Depression und Belastungen. Der Behandlungsstatus hat keinen Einfluss auf die Belastung. Krebskranke Eltern zeigten im Erziehungsverhalten mehr Nachsichtigkeit. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Eine Krebserkrankung für Menschen, die minderjährige Kinder versorgen, scheint eine Doppelbelastung zu sein, die gezielte Unterstützung sowohl für die individuellen Belastungen als auch für die Erziehung erfordert. In der klinischen Routine werden betroffene Familien allerdings bisher nicht ausreichend identifiziert und erhalten somit keine adäquaten Unterstützungsangebote.
Der Zusammenhang mathematischer Lernerfahrungen in der Familie mit strukturellen Hintergrundmerkmalen und mathematischen Vorläuferfähigkeiten im Vorschulalter
Authors: Mues Anna , Schiele Tina , Berner Valérie-Danielle , Ufer Stefan , Birtwistle Efsun , Wirth Astrid , Niklas Frank
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung: Die familiäre mathematische Lernumwelt ( engl. Home Numeracy Environment (HNE)) wirkt als Mediator zwischen strukturellen Hintergrundmerkmalen und frühen mathematischen Vorläuferfähigkeiten. Bislang ist jedoch unklar, ob und inwiefern sich diese Zusammenhänge je nach verwendetem Maß der HNE zeigen. Demnach greift diese Studie vier Maße der HNE auf: die informelle und formelle HNE, die Qualität mathematischer Eltern-Kind-Interaktionen erfasst durch die Beobachtung einer Würfelspielsituation und einen mathematischen Spieltitelrekognitionstest (TRT-Mathe-K). Es wird untersucht, inwiefern diese Maße bei gleichzeitiger Betrachtung miteinander zusammenhängen und den Zusammenhang zwischen dem sozioökonomischen Status (SÖS) und dem Migrationshintergrund mit den kindlichen mathematischen Vorläuferfähigkeiten unterschiedlich vermitteln. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass besonders die beobachtete Qualität der Eltern-Kind-Interaktionen während einer Würfelspielsituation sowie ein neues Instrument – der TRT-Mathe-K – mediierende Faktoren im Kontext der untersuchten Hintergrundmerkmale darstellen. Während sich für Familien mit höherem SÖS ein positiver Zusammenhang mit der HNE und den mathematischen Vorläuferfähigkeiten der Kinder fand, wurden für Kinder aus Familien mit Migrationshintergrund negative Zusammenhänge beobachtet. Die Notwendigkeit eines kritisch reflektierten Einsatzes von unterschiedlichen HNE-Maßen für zukünftige Forschung und Implikationen für die Praxis im Kontext struktureller Hintergrundmerkmale wird diskutiert.
High-Pressure Reactions Can Turn Nonporous Rocks into Sponges
Authors: Sidik Saima
Published: September 2024

Mathematical models describe how water moves through rocks in deep Earth.
Earth’s Eighth Continent
Authors: Micalizio Caryl-Sue
Published: September 2024

Our October issue digs deep into the rich Earth science in and around Aotearoa New Zealand.
Constraining Regional Hydrological Sensitivity Over Tropical Oceans
Authors: He Jie , Deng Yi , Fosu Boniface , Lin Yen‐Heng , Lu Kezhou
Published: September 2024

Regional hydrological sensitivity (i.e., precipitation change per degree local surface warming) contributes substantially to the uncertainty in future precipitation projections over tropical oceans. Here, we investigate the sensitivity of relative precipitation (P*, precipitation divided by the basin average precipitation) to local sea surface temperature (SST) change by dissecting it into three components, namely the sensitivity of P* to relative SST (SSTrel, SST minus the tropical mean SST) changes, the sensitivity of P* to surface convergence changes, and the sensitivity of surface convergence to SST gradient changes. We show that the relationships between P* and SSTrel, and between P*, surface convergence, and SST gradients are largely constant during climate change. This allows us to constrain regional hydrological sensitivity based on present‐day SST‐precipitation relationships. The sensitivity of surface convergence to SST gradient changes is a main source of uncertainty in regional hydrological sensitivity and is likely underestimated in GCMs.
Prominent Impact of Re‐Occurring La Niña on Boreal Winter North Tropical Atlantic SST
Authors: Li Saihua , Zhang Wenjun , Jiang Feng , Hu Suqiong , Zhang Teng
Published: September 2024

The influence of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) sea surface temperature (SST) is well‐documented in boreal spring, yet it manifests greater complexity in winter. Distinct from El Niño, La Niña has a statistically significant impact on winter NTA SST, which is primarily contributed by the re‐occurring (i.e., second and third years of multi‐year) La Niña events. Despite similar atmospheric forcing, prominent SST anomalies are observed in the NTA during the re‐occurring La Niña winters but not in the first‐year La Niña winters, mainly due to different initial states associated with previous tropical Pacific forcing. Targeted pacemaker experiments well reproduce the robust impacts of re‐occurring La Niña events on the wintertime NTA SST, highlighting the crucial impact of ENSO cycle complexity in its inter‐basin linkages.
Gamma irradiation effects on photoluminescence and semiconducting properties of non-conventional heavy metal binary PbO–Bi2O3 glasses
Authors: Marzouk M. A. , Ali I. S.
Published: September 2024

Non-conventional heavy metal oxide glasses have attracted great interest owing to their unique optical properties and their radiation shielding behavior. Non-conventional glasses of main chemical composition (100 − x) PbO–xBi2O3 where x = 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, and 5 were prepared through the conventional melting and annealing approach. X-ray diffraction measurements denoted the amorphous nature of the prepared glasses. The optical absorption in the UV–visible range recorded strong UV-near visible absorption spectra that correlated to trivalent Bi3+ ions. The optical band gap Eopt, Urbach energy ∆E, and the refractive index were identified for the prepared glasses employing the cognizant theories. The variations in the optical parameters have been associated with the increasing Bi2O3 and the doses of γ- irradiation. The photoluminescent properties of the prepared non-conventional binary Bi2O3–PbO glasses were recorded in the visible range after UV excitation and the color coordinates are located and distributed in the hue violet degree. FT-IR spectroscopic measurements before and after gamma irradiation were applied to investigate the structural changes in the binary heavy metal PbO–Bi2O3 glasses. FTIR data specified that the glass network is composed of different structural building units from BiO3/BiO6 and PbO3/PbO4 depending on the addition ratio between PbO and Bi2O3.
Autologous micrografting improves regeneration of tissue-engineered urinary conduits in vivo
Authors: Juul Nikolai , Amoushahi Mahboobeh , Willacy Oliver , Ji Micki , Villa Chiara , Ajalloueian Fatemeh , Chamorro Clara , Fossum Magdalena
Published: September 2024

Urogenital reconstructive malformation surgery is sometimes hampered by lack of tissue for the repair. We have previously shown that autologous micrografting allows for single-staged scaffold cellularization after surgical implantation. Here, a collagen-based scaffold reinforced with biodegradable mesh and a stent was implanted as a bladder conduit in ten full-grown female minipigs. We aimed to assess short-term regenerative outcomes, safety, and feasibility of implanting tubular urinary micrografted scaffolds versus acellular controls. Five scaffolds were embedded with autologous urothelial micrografts harvested perioperatively. After six weeks, all animals were assessed by cystoscopy, CT-urography, and microanatomical assessment of the urinary conduits. The procedure proved technically feasible within the confines of a regular surgical theater, with duration-times comparable to corresponding conventional procedures. No animals experienced postoperative complications, and all implanted conduits were patent at follow-up. Improved tissue regeneration was observed in the micrografted conduits compared with the acellular controls, including increased luminal epithelialization, increased cell proliferation, decreased cell apoptosis, and increased conduit vascularization. We concluded that single-staged on-site construction and implantation of tissue engineered urinary conduits proved feasible and safe, with improved regenerative potentials in micrografted conduits. This study presents a new approach to urinary conduits, and merits further investigations for advancement towards clinical translation.
Toxin-mediated depletion of NAD and NADP drives persister formation in a human pathogen
Authors: Santi Isabella , Dias Teixeira Raphael , Manfredi Pablo , Hernandez Gonzalez Hector , Spiess Daniel C , Mas Guillaume , Klotz Alexander , Kaczmarczyk Andreas , Zamboni Nicola , Hiller Sebastian , Jenal Urs
Published: September 2024

Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread in bacteria and implicated in genome stability, virulence, phage defense, and persistence. TA systems have diverse activities and cellular targets, but their physiological roles and regulatory mechanisms are often unclear. Here, we show that the NatR–NatT TA system, which is part of the core genome of the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, generates drug-tolerant persisters by specifically depleting nicotinamide dinucleotides. While actively growing P. aeruginosa cells compensate for NatT-mediated NAD+ deficiency by inducing the NAD+ salvage pathway, NAD depletion generates drug-tolerant persisters under nutrient-limited conditions. Our structural and biochemical analyses propose a model for NatT toxin activation and autoregulation and indicate that NatT activity is subject to powerful metabolic feedback control by the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide. Based on the identification of natT gain-of-function alleles in patient isolates and on the observation that NatT increases P. aeruginosa virulence, we postulate that NatT modulates pathogen fitness during infections. These findings pave the way for detailed investigations into how a toxin–antitoxin system can promote pathogen persistence by disrupting essential metabolic pathways.
Single-cell detection and linear discriminant analysis of bacterial Raman spectra in glass filter microholes
Authors: Onoshima Daisuke , Uchida Kentaro , Iida Tomomine , Kojima Takashi , Ikeda Yukihiro , Iwata Daijiro , Nagasawa Ikuo , Yukawa Hiroshi , Baba Yoshinobu
Published: September 2024

Micro-Raman spectroscopy in glass filter microholes provides a useful approach to bacterial discrimination by spectral measurements at the single-cell level.
Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia at low potential using a phenalenyl-based iron(iii) complex
Authors: Waghela Santosh R. , Adalder Ashadul , Bhattacharjee Jayeeta , Mukherjee Nilmadhab , Paul Sourav , Ghorai Uttam Kumar
Published: September 2024

Fe(iii)(PLY)3 has emerged as a very promising electrocatalyst, exhibiting remarkable catalytic performance and specificity in the reduction of nitrogen to ammonia.
Manganese 2-phosphinophosphinine precatalysts for methanol/ethanol upgrading to isobutanol
Authors: Ward Daniel J. , Marseglia Margot , Saccomando Daniel J. , Walker Gary , Mansell Stephen M.
Published: September 2024

Earth abundant manganese catalysts for the upgrading of ethanol/methanol to isobutanol are described. Mn phosphinine pre-catalysts were shown to undergo 1,2- and 1,4-addition with water and methanol to give phosphacyclohexadiene complexes.
Insights into the mechanism of a substituted metal center regulating the enzymatic activity of Prussian blue analogues for catalytic antioxidation
Authors: Zhou Genxiu , Dong Qingrong , Li Zhi , Yang Feifei , Shen Xiaomei , Liu Quan , Fang Ge , Ge Cuicui
Published: September 2024

This work reveals the modulation mechanism of substituted metal atoms on antioxidant enzymatic activities of PBAs by combining theoretical calculations and experiments.
Acid-sensitive photoswitches: towards catalytic on-demand release of stored light energy
Authors: Chocron Léa , Baggi Nicolò , Ribeiro Enrique , Goetz Vincent , Yu Pei , Nakatani Keitaro , Métivier Rémi
Published: September 2024

Molecular solar thermal energy storage route using teralylenes with pyridine protonatable moieties for on-demand energy release achieved upon protonation with catalytic amounts of acid.
Cultivating an Organizational Culture of Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Grandbois Kate , McGrath Shana , Penrod Sara , Douglas Natalie
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is to contend that evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation in neurogenic communication disorders is heavily influenced by the organizational culture where services are delivered. We describe examples of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) strategically integrating themselves into their workplaces to cultivate an organizational culture of EBP by altering infrastructure and developing relationships.

Conclusions:

SLPs have potential to be powerful influencers of organizational culture to support EBP. Implementation strategies that have organizational impact may also facilitate closing the research-to-practice gap in neurogenic communication disorders.
Pion polarizabilities from a dispersive analysis of γγ → ππ
Authors: Ermolina Viktoriia , Danilkin Igor , Vanderhaeghen Marc
Published: September 2024

We present results for the charged and neutral pion polarizabilities, obtained through a dispersive analysis of photon-fusion reactions with two pions in the final state. This analysis is motivated by current and future measurements at COMPASS, JLab (Hall D), and the BESIII measurement of singlevirtual photon-fusion reactions in the space-like region, offering insight into generalized pion polarizabilities. To improve upon predictions within an un-subtracted dispersion formalism with only the pion left-hand cut, one needs to consider the influence of heavier left-hand cuts. We parametrize the latter using an expansion in a suitably constructed conformal variable, capturing the analytical structure of the left-hand cuts. The coefficients in this expansion are determined from the matching with the Lagrangian-based approach, the Adler zero constraint for γγ → π0π0, and a fit to the cross-section data. The extension to the single-virtual case is also discussed.
Study of the spectra and decay widths of singly heavy baryons
Authors: García-Tecocoatzi H. , Giachino A. , Ramirez-Morales A. , Rivero-Acosta A. , Santopinto E. , Vaquera-Araujo C.A.
Published: September 2024

We present a study of the spectra and strong decay widths of singly heavy baryons. The masses of singly heavy baryons up to the D-wave are calculated within a constituent quark model, employing the three-quark and quarkdiquark schemes. In this contribution, we discuss the possible assignment of the recently discovered Ωc(3327)0, Ξb(6327)0, and Ξb(6333)0 as D-wave excited states in the charm and bottom sectors, respectively. Additionally, we discuss why the presence or absence of the ρ-mode excitations in the experimental spectrum is the key to distinguishing between the quark-diquark and three-quark behaviors.
Light Meson Decays at BESIII
Authors: in der Wiesche Nikolai
Published: September 2024

The 10 billion J/ψ decays collected with the BESIII experiment offer a unique opportunity to investigate the decays of η and η′ mesons produced in the radiative J/ψ → γη(′) transitions. Using this clean production mechanism, the BESIII experiment is making important contributions to precision studies of the strong and electromagnetic interactions in η(′) decays. Three papers are presented in which the decays η → π+π−π0, η → π0π0π0, η′ → ηπ0π0π0, and η′ → π+π−e+e− are studied to test C and CP symmetry, as well as the predictions of different effective field theories.
Electromagnetic and gravitational local spatial densities for hadrons
Authors: Panteleeva Julia
Published: September 2024

The novel definition of electromagnetic and gravitational local spatial densities of hadrons in zero average momentum frame are considered. The connection of these densities with the densities in infinite-momentum frame and the comparison with densities in the static approximation (Breit-frame densities) are discussed.
Hard exclusive π0 muoproduction at COMPASS
Authors: Pešková Markéta , Lavičková Karolína
Published: September 2024

Hard Exclusive Meson Production (HEMP) and Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) are very promising reactions to access Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs). Such exclusive measurements were performed at COMPASS in 2016 and 2017 at the M2 beamline of the CERN SPS using the 160 GeV muon beam scattering off a 2.5 m long liquid hydrogen target surrounded by a barrel-shaped time-of-flight system to detect the recoiling target proton. The scattered muons and the produced real photons were detected by the COMPASS spectrometer, which was supplemented by an additional electromagnetic calorimeter for the detection of large-angle photons. Exclusive π0 production is the main source of background for the DVCS measurement, while it provides complementary information for the parametrization of GPDs. We will report on preliminary results of the exclusive π0 production cross section and its dependence on the squared four-momentum transfer |t| and on the azimuthal angle ϕ between the scattering plane and the π0 production plane. The COMPASS data will provide further input to constrain GPDs, in particular chiral-odd (“transversity”) GPDs.
Combined analysis of K−p reactions and πΣ photoproduction data
Authors: Cieplý Aleš , Bruns Peter C.
Published: September 2024

We discuss results of a simultaneous fit to the K−p reactions and πΣ photoproduction data employing an approach that combines tree level photoproduction amplitudes with πΣ − KN coupled channel model describing the meson-baryon rescattering in the final state. The achieved reproduction of the photoproduction mass distributions represents a significant improvement when compared with the parameter free predictions made earlier but remains inferior to more comprehensive models that employ much larger sets of adjustable parameters.
Using the Transition-Density Formalism in the First Computation of 4He Compton Scattering
Authors: Grießhammer Harald W. , Liao Junjie , McGovern Judith A. , Nogga Andreas , Phillips Daniel R.
Published: September 2024

The method and results of the first theory description of 4He Compton scattering at nuclear energies is presented, with a focus on figures. An upcoming publication [1] contains details and a comprehensive list of references.
Dynamics of 3N system at 100 MeV
Authors: Skwira-Chalot Izabela , Kalantar-Nayestanaki Nasser , Kistryn Stanisław , Kozela Adam , Stephan Elżbieta
Published: September 2024

Differential cross section of the deuteron breakup reaction 1H(d,pp)n exhibits sensitivity to interaction dynamics components like three-nucleon force and/or Coulomb force. This sensitivity facilitates comprehensive testing of theoretical potential models that describe interactions within three-nucleon systems. An analysis of experimental data of the breakup reaction, conducted at a beam energy of 100 MeV, has been performed. The presented cross section results for selected configurations agree well with calculations based on meson exchange model potentials and on state-of-the-art results within the Chiral Effective Field Theory framework.
Study of axion-like particles constraints from 3-photon events at e+e− colliders
Authors: Pustyntsev Aleksandr , Vanderhaeghen Marc
Published: September 2024

Axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) are one of the most widely discussed extensions of the Standard Model when it comes to the strong CP problem and dark matter candidates. In this paper we investigate limits on ALP mass, and its couplings to photons and leptons from 3-photon annihilation at e+e− colliders. We apply them to the particular kinematics of the Belle II experiment, covering the ALP mass range from few hundred MeV to around 10 GeV. Our results, which improve upon previous analyses by also including the ALP coupling to electrons, show that such future analyses will allow to significantly extend the ALP search range and impose much more stringent restrictions on their couplings.
R Measurement at BESIII
Authors: Redmer Christoph Florian
Published: September 2024

The R value is measured with a total of 14 data points with the corresponding center-of-mass energy going from 2.2324 to 3.6710 GeV. The statistical uncertainty of the measured R is less than 0.6%. Two different simulation models, the LUARLW and a new Hybrid generator, are used and give consistent detection and initial-state radiation corrections. An accuracy of better than 2.6% below 3.1 GeV and 3.0% above is achieved for the R value. The precise measurement will be an important constraint for precision tests of the Standard Model, such as calculations of the anomalous magnetic moment of the moun and the running of the QED coupling.
The MESA physics program
Authors: Schlimme Sören , Aulenbacher Kurt , Baunack Sebastian , Berger Niklaus , Denig Achim , Doria Luca , Khoukaz Alfons , Maas Frank , Merkel Harald , Sfienti Concettina , Thiel Michaela
Published: September 2024

In the recent past, a comprehensive experimental program has been worked out at the Mainz Energy-Recovery Superconducting Accelerator, MESA, at the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Mainz. MESA is a high-intensity, low-energy electron accelerator presently under construction and will thereby provide great opportunities to perform a new generation of high-precision scattering experiments. The versatile MAGIX experiment will use MESA’s innovative energy recovery technique, with a science focus on the study of hadron structure and few-body systems, dark sector searches, and investigations into reactions pertinent to nuclear astrophysics. An external beam line will supply spin-polarized electrons to the P2 experiment, enabling the performance of sensitive tests of the Standard Model through parity-violating electron scattering. The DarkMESA beam dump experiment, situated behind P2, is dedicated to the search for light dark matter particles.
The Jefferson Lab Positron Physics Program
Authors: Voutier Eric
Published: September 2024

The Ce+BAF project at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility intends to develop over the coming years a high-duty cycle, high intensity, and high polarization positron beam to serve a unique Nuclear Physics experimental program. It generically comprises the study of the effects of the two- and multi-photon exchange mechanisms, the investigation of the nuclear structure at the nucleonic and partonic scales, and tests of the standard model of particle physics and interactions. This proceedings illustrates this physics program through specific examples and presents the Ce+BAF positron injector concept.
Rolle der künstlichen Intelligenz bei verschiedenen retinalen Erkrankungen
Authors: Mai Julia , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula
Published: September 2024

Die künstliche Intelligenz (KI) hat bereits Einzug in die Augenheilkunde gefunden durch erste zugelassene Algorithmen, die in der Praxis angewendet werden können. Als ein relevantes Anwendungsgebiet der KI erweisen sich insbesondere retinale Erkrankungen, da sie die Hauptursache einer Erblindung darstellen und die Zahl an Patienten, die an einer Netzhauterkrankung leiden, stetig zunimmt. Gleichzeitig werden durch die regelmäßige standardisierte und gut reproduzierbare Bildgebung mittels hochauflösender Modalitäten immense Datenmengen generiert, die von menschlichen Experten kaum zu verarbeiten sind. Außerdem erfährt die Augenheilkunde stetig neue Entwicklungen und Durchbrüche, die einer Reevaluierung des Patientenmanagements in der klinischen Routine bedürfen. Die KI ist in der Lage, diese Datenmengen effizient und objektiv zu analysieren und zusätzlich durch die Identifizierung relevanter Biomarker neue Einblicke in Krankheitsprozesse sowie Therapiemechanismen zu liefern.
Die KI kann maßgeblich zum Screening, zur Klassifizierung sowie zur Prognose von unterschiedlichen Netzhauterkrankungen beitragen. Anwendungsfreundliche Auswertungstools (Clinical Decision Support Systems) für den klinischen Alltag sind bereits erhältlich, die Praxis und Gesundheitssystem durch effizientere Nutzung kosten- und zeitintensiver Ressourcen erheblich entlasten.
The Effect of Micromechanical Surface Preparation and Adhesive Surface Modification Strategies on Resin-Matrix Ceramic Repair Bond Strength Using Universal Adhesive Containing Silane Agent
Authors: Klaisiri Awiruth , Maneenacarith Apichai , Sriamporn Tool
Published: September 2024

Objectives This research assesses the effect of the different micromechanical surface preparations and chemically adhesive surface modification strategies applied to resin-matrix ceramics (Shofu Block HC) repaired using resin composites.

Materials and Methods Eighty resin-matrix ceramics were conducted and designed into eight groups of 10 specimens and surface treated with (1) micromechanical preparation with sandblast (SB) or hydrofluoric acid (HF), and (2) chemically adhesive techniques with HC primer (HC) and/or silane (Si) and/or conventional adhesive (AD) or universal adhesive (UA) designing are as follows: group 1, SB + HC; group 2, SB + HC + AD; group 3, SB + HC + Si + AD; group 4, SB + HC + UA; group 5, HF + HC; group 6, HF + HC + AD; group 7, HF + HC + Si + AD; and group 8, HF + HC + UA. An ultradent model was put on the specimen center, then filled resin composite. Mechanical testing instrument was used to determine the samples' microshear bond strength (MSBS). To inspect failure modes, a stereomicroscope was used for observing the debonded surfaces.

Statistical Analysis To assess the data, a one-way analysis of variance was employed, and the significant level (p < 0.05) was established with Tukey's test.

Results Group 3 (29.29 ± 2.58 MPa) and group 4 (28.34 ± 1.26 MPa) demonstrated the two maximum MSBS values. The minimum MSBS (10.02 ± 3.31 MPa) was discovered by group 5. Nevertheless, group 2's MSBS values (22.78 ± 2.44 MPa) differed significantly from the values for groups 3 and 4. All the fractured samples in groups 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 had an adhesive failure pattern. Furthermore, group 3 presented the greatest mixed failures (40%).

Conclusion The SB is the most effective protocol for producing micromechanical retention. The application of HC primer and Si agent prior to the adhesive agent is the best chemical adhesive strategy for sandblasted resin-matrix ceramic surfaces. Additionally, the application of HC primer before the use of UA containing acid-resistant Si is the best alternative chemical adhesive strategy for improving the MSBS.
Clinical and Molecular Aspects of Craniofrontonasal Syndrome due to Contiguous Gene Deletion Involving AWAT2, EFNB1, EDA, OTUD6A, and PJA1 Genes
Authors: Gupta Mansi , Nerakh Gayatri
Published: September 2024

Craniofrontonasal syndrome (CFNS; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man [OMIM] 340110) is an infrequent X linked disorder characterized by specific facial features and digital abnormalities with or without visceral anomalies. There is a peculiar paradoxical difference in severity of the phenotype in heterozygous females compared to hemizygous males. Here, we present a case where the mother, with clinical features of the syndrome, had terminated her previous pregnancy as the fetus had partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. Exome sequencing of the mother revealed no pathogenic variants related to the phenotype. Chromosomal microarray revealed 1.3-Mb pathogenic heterozygous deletion in chromosome X encompassing the Xq13.1 region with five OMIM genes, including EFNB1 gene related to craniofrontonasal syndrome. Detailed phenotyping of the parents and exact genetic etiology with molecular mechanism is important to arrive at a definitive diagnosis crucial for genetic counseling and definitive prenatal testing.
DNA coding and chaotic mapping boost performance in image encryption
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: September 2024

Using a chaos-derived ZigZag transform as its initial value, researchers demonstrate new hyperchaotic encryption approach with significantly improved safeguarding.
Ocean wave and wind power harnessed by hybrid nanogenerator
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: September 2024

Charge self-shuttling improves power density for combined wind and water wave energy generators.
Light-field tomographic fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy
Authors: Ma Yayao , Park Jongchan , Huang Luzhe , Sen Chandani , Burri Samuel , Bruschini Claudio , Yang Xilin , Cui Qi , Cameron Robert B. , Fishbein Gregory A. , Gomperts Brigitte N. , Ozcan Aydogan , Charbon Edoardo , Gao Liang
Published: September 2024

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful imaging technique that enables the visualization of biological samples at the molecular level by measuring the fluorescence decay rate of fluorescent probes. This provides critical information about molecular interactions, environmental changes, and localization within biological systems. However, creating high-resolution lifetime maps using conventional FLIM systems can be challenging, as it often requires extensive scanning that can significantly lengthen acquisition times. This issue is further compounded in three-dimensional (3D) imaging because it demands additional scanning along the depth axis. To tackle this challenge, we developed a computational imaging technique called light-field tomographic FLIM (LIFT-FLIM). Our approach allows for the acquisition of volumetric fluorescence lifetime images in a highly data-efficient manner, significantly reducing the number of scanning steps required compared to conventional point-scanning or line-scanning FLIM imagers. Moreover, LIFT-FLIM enables the measurement of high-dimensional data using low-dimensional detectors, which are typically low cost and feature a higher temporal bandwidth. We demonstrated LIFT-FLIM using a linear single-photon avalanche diode array on various biological systems, showcasing unparalleled single-photon detection sensitivity. Additionally, we expanded the functionality of our method to spectral FLIM and demonstrated its application in high-content multiplexed imaging of lung organoids. LIFT-FLIM has the potential to open up broad avenues in both basic and translational biomedical research.
Paracrine FGF1 signaling directs pituitary architecture and size
Authors: Khetchoumian Konstantin , Sochodolsky Kevin , Lafont Chrystel , Gouhier Arthur , Bemmo Amandine , Kherdjemil Yacine , Kmita Marie , Le Tissier Paul , Mollard Patrice , Christian Helen , Drouin Jacques
Published: September 2024

Organ architecture is established during development through intricate cell–cell communication mechanisms, yet the specific signals mediating these communications often remain elusive. Here, we used the anterior pituitary gland that harbors different interdigitated hormone-secreting homotypic cell networks to dissect cell–cell communication mechanisms operating during late development. We show that blocking differentiation of corticotrope cells leads to pituitary hypoplasia with a major effect on somatotrope cells that directly contact corticotropes. Gene knockout of the corticotrope-restricted transcription factor Tpit results in fewer somatotropes, with less secretory granules and a loss of cell polarity, resulting in systemic growth retardation. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses identified
FGF1
as a corticotrope-specific
Tpit
dosage-dependent target gene responsible for these phenotypes. Consistently, genetic ablation of
FGF1
in mice phenocopies pituitary hypoplasia and growth impairment observed in
Tpit
-deficient mice. These findings reveal FGF1 produced by the corticotrope cell network as an essential paracrine signaling molecule participating in pituitary architecture and size.
Total loss of
VHL
gene function impairs neuroendocrine cancer cell fitness due to excessive HIF2α activity
Authors: Abu-Remaileh Muhannad , Persky Nicole S. , Lee Yenarae , Root David E. , Kaelin William G.
Published: September 2024

Loss-of-function germline
von Hippel–Lindau
(
VHL
) tumor suppressor mutations cause VHL disease, which predisposes individuals to kidney cancer, hemangioblastomas, and paragangliomas. The risk that a given VHL disease family will manifest some or all these tumor types is profoundly influenced by the
VHL
allele it carries. For example, almost all VHL disease families that develop paraganglioma have missense
VHL
mutations. VHL families with null
VHL
alleles develop kidney cancer and hemangioblastomas without a high risk of paraganglioma. The latter is surprising because the
VHL
gene product, pVHL, suppresses the HIF2 transcription factor and gain-of-function HIF2 mutations are also linked to paraganglioma. Paragangliomas arise from the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system. Given the lack of human paraganglioma cell lines, we studied the effects of inactivating
VHL
in neuroblastoma cell lines, which also arise from the sympathetic nervous system. We found that total loss of pVHL function profoundly impairs the fitness of neuroblastoma cell lines in a HIF2-dependent manner both ex vivo and in vivo. This fitness defect can be rescued by pVHL variants linked to paraganglioma, but not by pVHL variants associated with a low risk of paraganglioma. These findings suggest that HIF2 activity above a critical threshold prevents the development of paraganglioma.
Accurate prediction of discontinuous crack paths in random porous media via a generative deep learning model
Authors: He Yuxiang , Tan Yu , Yang Mingshan , Wang Yongbin , Xu Yangguang , Yuan Jianghong , Li Xiangyu , Chen Weiqiu , Kang Guozheng
Published: September 2024

Pore structures provide extra freedoms for the design of porous media, leading to desirable properties, such as high catalytic rate, energy storage efficiency, and specific strength. This unfortunately makes the porous media susceptible to failure. Deep understanding of the failure mechanism in microstructures is a key to customizing high-performance crack-resistant porous media. However, solving the fracture problem of the porous materials is computationally intractable due to the highly complicated configurations of microstructures. To bridge the structural configurations and fracture responses of random porous media, a unique generative deep learning model is developed. A two-step strategy is proposed to deconstruct the fracture process, which sequentially corresponds to elastic deformation and crack propagation. The geometry of microstructure is translated into a scalar of elastic field as an intermediate variable, and then, the crack path is predicted. The neural network precisely characterizes the strong interactions among pore structures, the multiscale behaviors of fracture, and the discontinuous essence of crack propagation. Crack paths in random porous media are accurately predicted by simply inputting the images of targets, without inputting any additional input physical information. The prediction model enjoys an outstanding performance with a prediction accuracy of 90.25% and possesses a robust generalization capability. The accuracy of the present model is a record so far, and the prediction is accomplished within a second. This study opens an avenue to high-throughput evaluation of the fracture behaviors of heterogeneous materials with complex geometries.
Stability and regularization for ill-posed Cauchy problem of a stochastic parabolic differential equation
Authors: Dou Fangfang , Lü Peimin , Wang Yu
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we investigate an ill-posed Cauchy problem involving a stochastic parabolic equation. We first establish a Carleman estimate for this equation. Leveraging this estimate, we are able to derive the conditional stability and convergence rate of the Tikhonov regularization method for the aforementioned ill-posed Cauchy problem. To complement our theoretical analysis, we employ kernel-based learning theory to implement the completed Tikhonov regularization method for several numerical examples.
First-principles study of the electronic structures and optical properties of g-ZnO/CdX (X = S, Se, Te) van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Ren Xinle , Huang Yan , Zhang Xiaozhe , Su Junhong , Sun Shaodong
Published: September 2024

The stability, electronic structures and optical properties of g-ZnO/CdX (X = S, Se, Te) heterostructures are studied by density functional theory. It is found that the stable monolayers spacing of the corresponding heterostructure decreases with the increase of the X atomic radius in the CdX monolayers. The constructed g-ZnO/CdX heterostructures all belong to direct band gap, 2.12 eV, 2.09 eV and 1.99 eV, respectively. Electrostatic potential results show that the two monolayers form an internal electric field at the heterostructure interface, and can inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electron hole pairs, and effectively extend the carrier lifetime. Charge density difference analysis shows that charge redistribution mainly occurs in the interfacial region. The optical properties show that the absorption of g-ZnO in the visible range is achieved by heterostructure. In general, with the smallest band gap and the strongest built-in electric field, g-ZnO/CdTe could have the best carrier separation efficiency. And the optical property analysis proves that the g-ZnO/CdTe heterostructure system has the highest utilization ratio of visible light. The above results show that the electronic structure and optical properties of g-ZnO/CdTe heterostructure are the best, and it can be inferred that this heterostructure will be the most beneficial to improve the photocatalytic activity of g-ZnO, providing a new direction for its application in the field of photocatalysis.