bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ORTAOKUL BEŞİNCİ SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN OKUMA KAYGILARININ FARKLI DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: İzci Eyüp , Kaya Emine
Published: February 2021

Bu araştırma ortaokul beşinci sınıf öğrencilerinin okuma kaygılarının farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma tarama modellerinden ilişkisel tarama deseniyle yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini Adıyaman il merkezi, ilçeleri ve köylerinde 17 farklı okulda öğrenim gören 623 beşinci sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Öğrencilerin okuma kaygılarını ölçmek amacıyla Çeliktürk ve Yamaç (2015) tarafından geliştirilen “Okuma Kaygısı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için SPSS paket programı kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda ilkokula erken yaşta 60-65 aylık başlayan çocukların kaygı düzeylerinin 66-71 ay ve 72 ay ve üzeri yaşlarda ilkokula başlayan öğrencilerden yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Cinsiyet değişkeni açısından kaygı düzeyleri incelendiğinde; erkeklerin kaygı düzeyinin kızlardan daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Okulun bulunduğu yerleşim birimi açısından kaygı puanları incelendiğinde köyde yaşayan öğrencilerin kaygı düzeylerinin diğer iki gruptan yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Anne ve babanın eğitim seviyesi yükseldikçe çocuklarda kaygı düzeyinin düştüğü görülmüştür. Ayrıca okul öncesi eğitim alan öğrencilerin kaygı düzeylerinin almayanlara göre daha düşük olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bulgulardan hareketle sonuçlara ve önerilere yer verilmiştir.
COVID-19 İLE GERÇEKLEŞEN TÜKETİCİ DAVRANIŞLARI VE EĞİLİMLERİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Temizkan Volkan , Güven Ebru Özlem , Yılmazer Aydın , Andsoy Cumhur
Published: February 2021

Bu araştırma, küresel çapta etki yaratan COVID-19’un ve beraberinde ilan edilen salgının tüketicilerin satın alma davranışları ve eğilimleri üzerindeki etkisini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Pandemi ilan edilmesinden iki ay sonra, Mayıs ayında yapılan çevrimiçi anket ile katılımcıların demografik verileri, virüse karşı farkındalık düzeyleri, sosyal yaşama katılım niyetleri ile temel ihtiyaçlarına ve turizm hizmetlerine yönelik satın alma davranışları ve eğilimlerini içeren veriler toplanmıştır. 976 anket formunun değerlendirmeye alındığı bu çalışma ile pandemi nedeniyle zorunlu kılınan yasaklar, kısıtlamalar ve kurallar (sosyal mesafe-maske-hijyen) altında tüketicilerin nasıl bir satın alma davranışı ve eğilimi göstereceği anlaşılmak istenmiştir. Pilot çalışmanın ardından son halini alan anket 05 Mayıs – 15 Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında katılımcılara ulaştırılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında ifadeler arasındaki farklılıkları test etmek için t-testi ve ANOVA kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Alışveriş Merkezi (AVM) ve markete yönelik satın alma davranış ve eğilimlerinde teknolojik temelli çevrimiçi satın alma alışkanlıklarının arttığı ve artacağı; turizm ve rekreasyon alanlarına yönelik satın alma davranış ve eğilimlerinde kısıtlamaya gidildiği ve gidileceği, günlük rutin yaşam döngüsü içerisinde daha titiz bir yaşam sürüldüğü ve sürüleceği, ekonomik olarak daha tutumlu ve bilinçli tutum ve eğilim sergileneceğine yöneliktir.
Role of Employee Engagement Frame Work In Private Sector Insurance Companies
Authors: Dr. Balu L., Dr. Ramesh Unnikrishnan Binu B. Pillai,
Published: February 2021

The current examination study was limited to just private area insurance agencies arranged in Pathanamthitta District, Kerala, India. The investigation was exact; in this way, the quantitative examination was utilized for information social occasion and examination. The investigation was led through the review strategy. To do the examination, the organized survey procedure was utilized to increase knowledge into the issues investigated in the examination. For the investigation, both essential and auxiliary information was gathered, to accomplish the figured destinations. The essential information was gathered from employees working in all frameworks. The optional information was gathered from diaries, books and sites. This investigation depends on information gathered from five Private insurance agencies in Pathanamthitta locale. The rise of the Private area insurance agency has achieved huge changes in the occupation market. The dependability of the survey was tried with the Cronbach's Alpha technique utilizing factual programming. All the Descriptive examination and measurable inferential investigation were finished utilizing SPSS and P-esteem subtleties just displayed for translations. Karl Pearson's relationship coefficient is utilized to examine and decipher the information. The aftereffects of the examination demonstrate that employees are not exceptionally connected with on account of perspectives, for example, uneasiness with respect to the association culture, deficient assets uphold, resistance of-employees uphold, disappointment in the activities and conduct of the senior administration, disturbance concerning organization Human Resources strategies and techniques and upsetting chances. It is assumed that the aftereffects of the current investigation will be of significance to associations, which try to upgrade the degrees of engagement of employees' status. Further, the consequences of the examination would illuminate the segments of employee engagement and hierarchical adequacy. The result of the examination would likewise help associations a lot in detailing reasonable projects and suitable strategies to improve authoritative adequacy.
Sociological Approach to Modeling the Quality of Higher Education
Authors: Turatosheva Sadoqat Alikarieva Alokxon,
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the specificity of sociological modeling of higher education. The article deals with the conceptualization of the sociological model of quality higher education in the context of different methodological approaches. In particular, it points to the relevance of addressing the sociocultural dimension of quality. The article examines the procedural characteristic (the effectiveness of the educational process) as the degree of the ratio of the goal - means - the result of the organization of the educational process, which is evaluated in terms of the activity of the collective subject of the educational process. The sociological model of quality is considered from the standpoint of such indicators as literacy, education or competence obtained on the basis of key competencies. They also consider their method of integration, based on the selection of conditional types of culture in the process of professional formation of the personality, each of which, having its own specifics, presupposes a hierarchically organized interaction.
A Review of Some Positive Aspects of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rajesh Kothari Aishwarya
Published: February 2021

The novel corona is keeping people indoors due to the increasing fear and mass confusion, it indeed has affected both the physical as well as mental health. We have been in the lockdown for over 4 months now and majority of us are knackered with the prolonged countrywide lockdown. Life has changed in months and beyond recognition. The virus has not only taken lives globally but also has given an unprecedented shock to the Indian economy. The magnitude of the economic impact depends on the duration of the lockdown, severity of the health issues and the manner in which the situation unfolds once the lockdown is lifted.The above mentioned reasons are sufficient enough for a mental breakdown but if look closely, Despite all the obvious hardships, we’ve shown incredible resilience.

During this period of lockdown everybody has started to live a different lifestyle which we could not imagine doing if given a choice.From doing all the household work at one side and balancing work life on other hand.We all come to know how to balance a personal and professional live on a lever of work from home.A new concept of ONLINE STUDIES has become familiar to each and everyone.Even though the pandemic has taken lives of thousands but it has also taught us a more broad spectrum way of looking at world and a way of living also.So in a nutshell there are a lots of things which happened for betterment of human lives and for mother earth as well.

As it is said in course of time only the best will survive, this period of pandemic and lockdown was a very demanding and challenging time so only the best will survive.This apparent immortal pandemic has affected mental health to a level that all of us have actually ghosted the brighter side of it ,like the most obvious rationale for a lockdown is that the lockdown will contain and hopefully reduce the number of Covid-19 infections, and possibly give enough time to infected patients to recuperate ,Besides this there are various other positive effects that we as humans haven’t paid attention towards Following are a few unseen positive effects of the Covid 19.
Media in COVID–19: A Double Edge Sword.
Authors: Gondhalekar Snehal
Published: February 2021

This research aims to show the impression of Media on COVID-19 amongst common public. This research focuses on the relationship and its influence globally on the people in every domain of their life and its effects on their health.As we all know, While at same time as we are witnessing a worldwide health danger named COVID-19 since the previous few months the unfold of records approximately as compared to the pandemic has been an awfully travelled lot faster than the virus itself. Hence its miles challenging to find a pleasant stability among the toxic overuse of media era and healthful harnessing of healthcare records.As same as we have seen with different emergencies, individuals everywhere on the world contact each other through web-based media to sort out what's going on.

We break down commitment and interest in the COVID-19 point and give a differential appraisal on the development of the talk on a worldwide scale for every stage and their clients. We fit data spreading with pestilence models describing the essential multiplication number for every web-based media stage. Additionally, we distinguish data spreading from flawed sources, finding various volumes of falsehood in every stage. Be that as it may, data from both dependable and faulty sources don't present diverse spreading designs. At last, we give stage subordinate mathematical appraisals of bits of gossip intensification.Capable utilization of these instruments can help rapidly spread significant new data, important new logical discoveries, share analytic, treatment, and follow up conventions, just as analyse various methodologies all around the world, eliminating geographic limits without precedent for history.
Balancing Economy and COVID 19
Authors: Dr. Swaroopa Chakole Sukhman Walia,
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND 

COVID-19 or coronavirus disease 2019 has multispectral consequences attached to it. Economic downturn is one of them. Almost all countries are facing economic challenges post covid-19 and are searching for panacea. 

SUMMARY 

Along with the medical impact which has resulted into almost more than 85 million infection of COVID-19 worldwide and almost two million case fatalities, there is also economic downfall attached to it. After the great depression of 1930, the pandemic induced crisis is worst in almost past hundred years. Even the basic needs of human beings such as food was not able to fulfil after pandemic. The prolonged lockdown to contain the viral spread of novel coronavirus made almost all the economic activities closed leading to widespread loss of livelihood and jobs. GDP outputs were contracted and demand also soared due to saving nature of people in uncertain times. 

CONCLUSION 

As the vaccine is in final stage and is ready to be distributed, more and more businesses can restart. Policy makers should not shy away from providing any fiscal package if necessary, to revive the economy.
The functioning of non-profit organizations as a reflection of the process of social participation of citizens in Kazakhstan (1991-2019)
Authors: Kliś Andrzej
Published: February 2021

The following article deals with the social participation of citizens of Kazakhstan, as well as the functioning of non-commercial organizations that are a manifestation of social activity in this country. The presented research is an attempt to systematize the issue of non-commercial organizations in Kazakhstan from the point of view of Polish science. The issue of the non-governmental sector is an extremely broad field of research, therefore basic legal acts, regulating these forms of social initiatives, have been examined. In addition, the third sector appears to be an important element in analysing the activities of post-Soviet countries, which are usually characterized by an authoritarian system of power, trying to maintain maximum control over civic initiatives. It turns out, they can function independently despite the difficulties. In the first part of the article, the author presents the legal framework that has been taken into account by the Kazakh legislator in relation to civil society and its associations, including primarily non-commercial ones, which constitute the important content of this article. Additionally, the operation, legal forms and areas covered by the activities of these organizations were analysed. The next part of the text is the evaluation of regulations that raise the issue of establishing associations, as well as the interpretation of other state concepts that provide for the development of civil society. In the last part, the author continues his reflection on the functioning of non-profit organizations in Kazakhstan, discussing forms of state support for this sector. The article ends with a summary of the whole topic and verification of the hypotheses set out in the introduction.
Trade in forest materials of Kyiv province in the first half of the XIX century
Authors: Hubytskyy Lyubomyr , Melnyk Hanna
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the reasons for the deterioration of the environmental situation in Ukraine related to trade in forest materials. Periodic floods occur due to disregard for the need to preserve forests. In the first half of the 19th century, the Russian Empire offered raw materials for import and export, including timber and products of primary wood processing from state forests. Executive institutions monitored the increase in sources of tax revenues to the treasury. Taxes were levied on both business activities related to timber trade, and primary and secondary processing. At the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th centuries, the development of the Black Sea Fleet remained a matter of national importance, for the needs of which huge areas of oak and pine forests were allocated in the Kyiv province. Local governments immediately complied with imperial instructions regarding the army, provincial and county administrations, providing their needs. The priority for the authorities was to provide the military with weapons, transport, and heating. There were cases of neglect of the local populations’ interests, whose needs were opposed by the military and the administration. Private initiative concerning forests as a source of income often led to mass felling of heating, energy raw materials for distilleries and sugar factories. The newest industries at that time brought superprofits, which resulted not only in the emergence of new social classes and industrial relations, the foundations of the Ukrainian national consciousness, but also a change in attitudes toward Mother Nature. The formation of industrial society was due to the slow growth of welfare of employees, and the accelerated disappearance of age-old forests.
Prevalence and Severity of Adolescent Asthma in Yazd, Iran: Based on the 2020 Global Asthma Network (GAN) Survey
Authors: Behniafard Nasrin , Nafei Zahra , Mirzaei Mohsen , Karimi Mehran , Vakili Mahmood
Published: February 2021

Asthma, as the most common chronic disease in children, encompasses substantial health and socioeconomic burden worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, severity, and management of asthma in adolescents aged 13-14 years. This cross-sectional study, which was part of the Global Asthma Network (GAN) 2020 survey, was conducted in early 2020 in Yazd, Iran. A total of 48 schools in Yazd city were selected by cluster sampling. In this study, 5141 students, including 3069 (59.7%) females and 2072 (40.3%) males participated. Prevalence of ever and current wheezing was 19% and 9% respectively. The former was significantly higher in males than females (p<0.001). About 2% of the participants, which was 22.1% of students with current wheezing, had severe asthma. The prevalence of severe asthma was significantly higher in males (p=0.026). Our results showed that 4.8% of students had confirmed asthma by a doctor, significantly predominant in males (p<0.001). The prevalence of using inhaled medicines in the past 12 months was 3.8%, which was significantly higher in males than females (p<0.001). The prevalence of using short-acting β-agonists (SABA) and long-acting β-agonists (LABA) was 2.3% and 1.4% among the students, respectively, with a male predominance (p=0.019). About 1.2% and 0.8% of participants were using inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and the combination of ICS and LABA, respectively, which was significantly higher in male participants (p<0.001). According to our findings and in comparison to the previous ISAAC study in Yazd, the prevalence of severe asthma has decreased which indicates better management of asthma during the past two decades.
The Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio at the Time of Admission: A New Prognostic Indicator for Hospital Mortality of Trauma Patients
Authors: Fouladseresht Hamed , Bolandparvaz Shahram , Abbasi Hamid Reza , Abdolrahimzadeh Fard Hossein , Paydar Shahram
Published: February 2021

The elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with poor clinical outcomes, especially in pro-inflammatory states such as surgical injuries and severe hemorrhages. Therefore, it was hypothesized whether NLR value at the time of admission could be a prognostic indicator of hospital mortality in trauma patients. This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 865 trauma patients referred to Rajaee Hospital between April 2016 and July 2019. The NLR value was calculated at the time of admission, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the cut-off point value of admission NLR related to hospital mortality of trauma patients. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression models have been applied to determine the effectiveness and prognostic potential of the admission NLR in the hospital mortality of trauma patients. The median age of the trauma patients was 32 years with an interquartile range (IQR) of 23 to 48 years, and most of them were male (83.9%). Also, trauma patients had a median injury severity score (ISS) of 9 (IQR=4-16) and a median Glasgow coma scale (GCS) of 14 (IQR=9-15). The cut-off value for admission NLR was 5.27 (area under the curve: 0.642, 95%CI: 0.559-0.726, p=0.001). In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the admission NLR>5.27 was an indicator of hospital mortality in trauma patients (p=0.001). Multivariate Cox regression models demonstrated that trauma patients with an admission NLR>5.27 had a 2.33-fold risk of hospital mortality (hazard ratio=2.33, 95%CI: 1.02-5.38, p=0.041). Furthermore, the admission NLR>5.27 was associated with a higher risk of hospital mortality in trauma patients with age≥65 years, systolic blood pressure≤90 mmHg, blood potassium>4.5 mmol/L, blood sodium>144 mEq/L, blood potential hydrogen (pH)≤7.28, GCS≤8, ISS>24 and blood base excess≤-6.1 mEq/L. The NLR value greater than 5.27 at the time of admission was associated with poorer outcomes, and it can be considered an independent prognostic indicator of hospital mortality in trauma patients.
Nebulized Ipratropium Bromide-induced Anisocoria: Why Is Anisocoria Observed?
Authors: Derinoz-Guleryuz Oksan , Fidanci Đlknur , Men-Atmaca Yasemin
Published: February 2021

Pharmacological anisocoria is a rare but benign condition. This paper presents an eleven-yearold patient with asthma who developed ipratropium bromide-associated anisocoria during nebulizer treatment. Hypotheses regarding the possible causes of anisocoria are discussed and precautions to be taken during treatment are presented. To prevent the development of anisocoria, it was found that it is important to use the appropriate mask during nebulizer treatment, to place the mask on the face properly, and, if possible, to administer drugs by closing the eyes. Further, it is recommended that patients undergo an ophthalmological examination before discharge and that they and their families be informed that the condition is temporary.
The Role of Cultural Volunteerism in Shaping the Historical Memory of Modern Russian Youth
Authors: Ratushnyak Valery N. , Kasyanov Valery V. , Ratushnyak Oleg V.
Published: February 2021

Currently, one of the main strategic tasks of the Russian state is to preserve the cultural and civilizational code of Russia. In this regard, issues related to historical memory are being updated. Despite the development of the problem field of research, the authors of this work chose a non-standard approach to the problem and set a goal - to consider the formation of the historical memory of modern Russian youth through the development of cultural volunteerism. The example of cultural volunteering shows how objects of spiritual, historical and cultural heritage are preserved, cultural, educational and creative events are held, and the population gets acquainted with the world’s best examples of art. During the analysis, the authors came to the conclusion that volunteering in the field of culture helps not only to preserve the cultural and historical heritage of the country, to immerse young people in the history of their people and to acquaint the population with the best world examples of art, but also allows young people to become the part of the country’s history by organizing and conducting large-scale events.
Panhellenic Program of Hadrian
Authors: Gabarashvili Georgiy D.
Published: February 2021

The Panhellenic project of the Roman Emperor Hadrian (117-138 AD) to unite the Greek Polis into a single organization is considered. It is noted that Hadrian's policy was based on the romanticized idea of reviving the classical Greek tradition. In particular, the ideal of the new Union was Athens, Sparta, Corinth, and other cities of mainland Greece, which preserved the foundations of their Polis organization and self-government until the second century. It is assumed that the Union was not all-Greek, since it did not affect the Hellenistic cities founded after the campaigns of Alexander the Great. In addition, the article examines the negative manifestations of Hadrian's Philhellenic policy, which are observed in a major Jewish revolt caused by the forced Hellenization of the Eastern provinces of the Empire. The works of foreign researchers are involved for the full analysis of the issue.
Policy of the Russian Empire in the 70s of the 19th - Early 20th Century Regarding the Use of Dagestani Forests and Forest
Authors: Egorova Valentina P.
Published: February 2021

The article describes the causes of the forestry crisis in Dagestan in the 70-80s of the 19th century and its negative impact on the further development. The materials of the newspaper “Kavkazˮ on the actual state of forest lands in Dagestan and the Circular of the military governor of the Dagestan region of 1890 are analyzed. The data from the report of the forest inspector L.P. Portansky in the beginning of the 20th century on the real state of forestry in Dagestan and the conclusion about the need to create a state system for the protection and conservation of forests are considered.
The Weimar Republic and France: Relationship Problems Between Two Bitter Rivals in the Post-Versailles Period
Authors: Pukhovskaya Natalia E.
Published: February 2021

The article considers the process of difficult, confrontational interaction between two long-standing Euro-pean rivals, France and Germany. Using specific historical examples and events, the author explores not only the style of political and diplomatic behaviour of the two countries, but also the deep-rooted collective perceptions of the French and Germans in relation to each other. The specific historical analysis carried out within the framework of this article allows concluding that a stable stereotype of the ‘enemy’ was formed and rooted in the people’s minds on both ends of aggravated Franco-German relations. The study of the phenomenon of Franco-German relations in the post-Versailles period makes it possible to assess the political and diplomatic, emotional and psychological, socio-economic and international consequences of the confrontation between the two countries, the basis of which was a the collective confrontation saturated with mutual dislike and hostility.
Intravenous Diltiazem or Metoprolol Administration in the Emergency Department for Acute Rate Control of Atrial Fibrillation Patients with Rapid Ventricular Response with Unknown Ejection Fraction
Authors: DEMİR Mehmet Cihat , DOĞAN Muharrem , POLAT Esra , AKPİNAR Guleser
Published: February 2021

Aim: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most widespread persistent cardiac arrhythmia in adults. There is no standard procedure applied in AF patients with rapid ventricular response with unknown ejection fraction (EF) in the emergency department. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and side effects of diltiazem and metoprolol treatments without knowing the EF in AF patients with rapid ventricular response in the emergency department.
Material and Methods: Patients with a ventricular response ≥110/min were selected as having AF with rapid ventricular response. The patients first received 25 mg intravenous diltiazem as a rate control drug were compared with those first received 5 mg metoprolol. A total of 50 patients whose EF were not registered before the admission date and was measured after being consulted for cardiology following acute rate control in emergency department were included in this study.
Results: For the first drug treatment, diltiazem was given to 56% (n=28) of the patients and metoprolol to 44% (n=22). Moreover, 44% (n=22) of the patients needed a second drug infusion. The proportion of patients received diltiazem in those with preserved EF was significantly higher than those with reduced EF (p=0.032). No statistically significant difference was found between the rates of needing a second administration based on the EF (p=0.157).
Conclusion: Diltiazem was found to reduce heart rate earlier than metoprolol. While updating the guidelines for drug selection in acute rate control of AF with rapid ventricular response, rural emergency departments, where EF measurement cannot be achieved, should also be considered.
Zakres ochrony konsumenta w ubezpieczeniu od utraty źródła dochodu oferowanym przez wybrane banki
Authors: Nowak Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

Powszechną praktyką na rynku finansowym jest łączenie przez banki w ofertach produktów kredytowych i ubezpieczeniowych. Ubezpieczenie kredytu to połączenie dwóch skomplikowanych usług finansowych – usługi bankowej oraz usługi ubezpieczeniowej. Dystrybucja produktów ubezpieczeniowych wraz z kredytami jest zjawiskiem naturalnym. Kredyt i ubezpieczenie to dobra komplementarne. Rata kredytu stanowi na ogół poważny wydatek w budżecie gospodarstwa domowego. W konsekwencji zaciągnięcia kredytu rośnie ryzyko utraty zdolności kredytobiorcy do wywiązania się ze zobowiązań finansowych. W tym celu kredytobiorca ma do dyspozycji ubezpieczenie jako narzędzie ograniczające to ryzyko. Jednakże propozycja ubezpieczenia wychodzi z reguły ze strony banku i jest motywowana jego interesem. Banki traktują umowę ubezpieczenia jako formę zabezpieczenia spłaty kredytu, która stanowi zabezpieczenie dodatkowe, ale często też jest zabezpieczeniem jedynym. Z kolei dla konsumenta jest to instrument, który może okazać się pomocny, kiedy znajdzie się w trudnej sytuacji finansowej spowodowanej utratą pracy czy trwałym inwalidztwem. Celem ubezpieczeń dodawanych do kredytów przez banki jest ograniczanie ryzyka, jakim jest niezdolność kredytobiorcy do spłaty kredytu oraz zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa ubezpieczonym lub uposażonym. Ubezpieczenie ze względu na swój charakter nie jest typowym produktem na rynku finansowym, ponieważ ubezpieczający nabywa abstrakcyjną gwarancję wypłaty świadczenia w zamian za składkę ubezpieczeniową. Celem artykułu jest porównanie i ocena zakresu ochrony konsumenta (ubezpieczającego) na podstawie zapisów ogólnych warunków ubezpieczenia w ubezpieczeniu od utraty źródła dochodu dodawanego do kredytów konsumenckich przez dwa największe banki w Polsce. Badanie to pozwoli na określenie formalnych ram ochrony ubezpieczeniowej. Do analizy porównawczej zakresu ochrony ubezpieczeniowej z ogólnych warunków ubezpieczenia zostały wybrane następujące kategorie: przedmiot ubezpieczenia, definicje zdarzeń objętych odpowiedzialnością zakładu ubezpieczeń, charakter świadczeń oraz wyłączenia i ograniczenia odpowiedzialności. Powyższa analiza zakresu ochrony ubezpieczeniowej w wybranych bankach dowodzi, że oferowane ogólne warunki ubezpieczenia cechują się wysokim stopniem skomplikowania. Dlatego konsument może mieć problem z porównaniem ofert i wybraniem ubezpieczenia użytecznego, czyli dopasowanego do jego potrzeb.
Evaluasi Mutu Beras dengan Kesesuaian Good Handling Practices dan Good Manufacturing Practices di Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Zuwarman Dwi , Mardjan Sutrisno Suro , Hasbullah Rokhani
Published: February 2021

Milled rice is one of the most important agricultural commodities for Indonesian people as staple food. Consumers tend to not know how to differentiate good or low quality of rice. Rice mill (RMU) in Bogor Regency mostly do not have quality standard comply with Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The purpose of this study was to identify the quality of rice and milled rice produced by RMU in Bogor Regency and evaluate the suitability of the application of rice and milled rice handling in RMU to Good Handling Practices (GHP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). The parameters measured were analysis of rice and milled rice quality and data analysis. The data resulted from measuring the quality of grain and rice was obtained from interview and observation. The results showed that four RMU rice samples not included in the class category SNI 6128: 2015 and two samples included in Medium III (M-3). On the postharvest handling conformity  level was 44.92 percent for  GHP  and  60.25  percent  for  GMP. GHP and GMP guidelines were not yet fully applied by rice milling unit (RMU).
Aplikasi Ozon Untuk Mempertahankan Kualitas Buah Duku
Authors: Kuswati Andi Ani , Darmawati Emmy , Mariana Widayanti Siti
Published: February 2021

Abstrak

Perawatan tanaman duku yang masih kurang baik, membuat buah duku yang dipanen berpotensi membawa kontaminan mikroorganisme dari lahan sehingga turut mempercepat kerusakan buah. Teknologi ozon telah banyak digunakan untuk menghambat perkembangan mikroorganisme pada penyimpanan hortikultura segar. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji pengaruh durasi pemaparan ozon dengan laju 1.38x10-4 gram/detik terhadap perubahan mutu duku dalam penyimpanan. Durasi pemaparan ozon yang dikaji adalah 20, 40 dan 60 detik sebagai perlakuan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Pertumbuhan mikroba diukur menggunakan uji TPC, sedangkan parameter mutu yang dikaji adalah perubahan warna, kekerasan, total padatan terlarut (TPT) dan susut bobot. Data dianalisa menggunakan ANOVA dan uji lanjut Duncan. Perlakuan ozon yang memberi efek tebaik adalah laju 1.38x10-4 gram/detik dengan paparan 60 detik. Perlakuan tersebut mampu menahan pertumbuhan mikroba hingga 6.11 (log cfu/g) dibanding kontrol pada hari ke enam penyimpanan dengan mutu duku yang lebih baik berdasarkan nilai TPT dan susut bobot dengan nilai masing-masing adalah 17.8 obriks dan 0.93%. Namun untuk parameter warna dan kekerasan buah, perlakuan ozon 40 detik menghasilkan nilai yang lebih baik. Pelakuan ozon dengan paparan selama 40-60 detik dapat diaplikasikan untuk mempertahankan mutu duku yang dikombinasikan dengan penyimpanan suhu 14 1oC.

 

Kata Kunci: ozon, buah duku, total plate count, durasi
Integrasi Metode Gravitasi dan Metode Perbandingan Eksponensial untuk Penentuan Pusat Distribusi Pangan di Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan
Authors: Bahri Syamsul , Suro Mardjan Sutrisno , Darmawati Emmy , Pramudya Bambang
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aims to determine the location of distribution centers in each islandgroup in South Halmahera Regency. Data sources were obtained from survey resultsand literature studies. Integration of Gravity Models and Exponential ComparisonMethods are used to determine the best location. Subdistrict of Kayoa as the locationof distribution centers for Kayoa-Makian islands group, Subdistrict of West Gane forGane islands group, Subdistrict of Bacan for Bacan-Kasiruta islands group, and theObi Subdistrict for Obi Islands group. The location chosen as the distribution centerin each island group is a main subdistrict which physically has better resourcecarrying capacity.
Tactical performance in soccer: The importance of choosing and properly applying tactical assessment tools
Authors: Junior João A. S. , Aquino Rodrigo , Machado João Cláudio
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Several tactical assessment tools have been proposed to evaluate players’ tactical performance in more representative contexts.
AIM: Investigate the associations between the results from different tactical assessment tools, TSAP and FUT-SAT, in youth soccer players.
METHOD: Twenty-seven male U-11 soccer players participated in the study (mean age = 11.02 ± 0.78 years). The players' technical-tactical performance was analyzed using the Team Sports Performance Assessment Procedure - TSAP. The players' tactical performance and behavior were assessed using the Football Tactical Assessment System - FUT-SAT. Pearson's correlation test was used to analyze the association between the performance indexes obtained through both assessment tools.
RESULTS: With the results obtained, it was possible to verify that both assessment tools' performance indexes did not present a significant correlation.
CONCLUSION: Through these results, it is possible to conclude that it is extremely necessary for the correct choice of the assessment tools to be used, considering their characteristics and limitations, as well as their relation with tactical content to be emphasized during the learning process.
A multilevel hypernetworks approach to assess coordination and communication in player interactions in sports teams as co-evolutionary networks
Authors: Ribeiro João , Garganta Júlio , Davids Keith , Barreira Daniel
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: This paper presents an introduction and brief appraisal of the use of hyper networks metrics and its potential practical application in examining team dynamics' coordination patterns collective sports.
AIM: Throughout their critique piece, we highlighted that game analysis, including the hyper network concept, may help overcome the limitations of previous tools such as social network measures.
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: While the social network analysis generally considers only dyadic interactions (e.g., between two players), the hyper networks also take into account a multidimensional perspective, including both player level and team level communication and coordination. We also evidenced that new studies using hyper network metrics are required in a range of team sports, mainly using data gathered from official competition matches.
Durability of bond strength to dentin using two universal adhesives in different etching modes
Authors: Salem Amany A. , Nassif Mohamed S. , El-Korashy Dalia I.
Published: February 2021

Aim. To evaluate the bond durability of two universal adhesives; mild and ultra-mild in both etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes after simulated in-vitro degradation by long-term water storage or thermocycling. Methods. A total of 144 specimens were used in this study; 120 specimens (prepared from 30 teeth) for microshear bond strength testing and fracture mode assessment, and 24 specimens for scanning electron microscopic evaluation (prepared from 24 teeth). Specimens were prepared from 54 recently extracted caries free third molars and randomly divided into 12 groups, according to the adhesive treatment (All Bond or Scotchbond Universal), etching mode (etch-andrinse or self-etch) and aging method (thermocycling or water storage). Each tooth was sectioned mesio-distally into two halves exposing free dentin surface for bonding where dentin substrate 1 mm below the dentino-enamel junction was used. After adhesive application and composite build up, specimens were tested in shear mode after storing in distilled water at 37˚C for 24 hours or 1 year, or after being thermocycled between 5 and 55 °C for 10,000 cycles (n=10). Microshear bond strength (μSBS) was tested using a universal testing machine. Adhesive-dentin interface was examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) (n=2). Data were analyzed using 3 way AN0VA and pairwise comparisons was performed using Bonferroni correction at significance level of α ≤0.05. Results. Statistical analysis revealed non-significant difference for etching mode in both adhesives (p=0.596). After aging, the bond strength was only reduced in Scotchbond Universal after one year of water storage in both modes (p<0.001). SEM evaluation revealed intact hybrid layer and longer resin tags for etch-and-rinse mode than selfetch mode of both adhesives. Conclusion. The bond strength of universal adhesives is not affected by the etching mode, however its durability was shown to be material dependent.
Improving Performance of Heifer Buffalos Fed with Urea-treated Rice Straw Ensiled with Cassava Pulp Supplemented with Concentrates
Authors: Bata Muhamad , Yedi Sumaryadi Mas , Rahayu Sri , Marung Nova
Published: February 2021

The objectives of this research were the optimalization of production and reproduction of buffalo heifers through improving feed quality based on rice straw. Twelve heifer buffaloes with body weight of 243 – 350 kg were kept in individual cages and grouped to four. Each groups were randomized to receive three treatments of A, B and C according to Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD). A was buffalo fed only rice straw. B was buffalo fed rice straw supplemented with concentrate with a dry matter ratio of 70:30. C was similar to B but the rice straw was ammoniated using urea of 4% ensiled with 8% of cassava pulp.  In-Vitro test was conducted to measure rumen fermentation product. The results showed the highest of DM and OM digestibility was achieved at C treatment, while the lowest was found at A treatment. Rumen fermentation produsts and its efficiency were the highest in C treatment.  In-vivo result showed that ADG of C was higher than that of B and A. Reproductive performance characterized by frequency oestrus for 123 days were an average of 2.5, 2.8 and 4.5 times for A, B and C, respectively. The highest blood metabolite of glucose, urea and erytrocyt was found at C but the leucocyt was lowest compared to A and B. Urea treated rice straw ensiled with cassava pulp and supplemented with concentrate can improve production and reproduction performance of heifer buffaloes.
Breeding diets of the Little Eagle Hieraaetus morphnoides and Wedge-tailed Eagle Aquila audax in the Australian Capital Territory in 2011–2019
Authors:   Zoology, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia, Debus S.J.S , Olsen Jerry ,   Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, Trost Susan , Fuentes Esteban ,   Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Campus León, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada S/N, León, Gto. 37190, México
Published: February 2021

The diets of the Little Eagle Hieraaetus morphnoides and Wedge-tailed Eagle Aquila audax breeding sympatrically in the Australian Capital Territory during 2011–2019 were compared by analysis of pellets and prey remains (six Little Eagle territories and 13 Wedge-tailed Eagle territories; 69 and 49 collections for a total of 232 and 256 prey items, respectively). Little Eagles took 33% mammals (29% European Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus), 44% birds, 6% reptiles and 17% insects by number, and 65% mammals (62% Rabbits), 27% birds, 8% reptiles and <1% insects by biomass. Wedge-tailed Eagles took 59% mammals (23% Rabbits and 19% macropods), 38% birds, 1% reptiles, <1% fish and 1% insects by number, and 89% mammals (20% Rabbits, 38% macropods), 10% birds, and <1% reptiles, fish and insects by biomass. Indices of dietary diversity (Shannon Index and Standardised Food Niche Breadth) were 2.57 vs 3.07 and 0.19 vs 0.24, respectively; Geometric Mean Prey Weights (GMPW) were 164 vs 1392 g, but discounting a biased sample of insects in many pellets from two fledglings, Little Eagle GMPW was more like 340 g. Dietary proportions and some metrics for both species appear to have changed little since the preceding decade, although Wedge-tailed Eagle dietary diversity increased slightly and dietary overlap (80%) increased greatly, concomitantly with some pairs of Wedge-tailed Eagles replacing pairs of Little Eagles. Intraguild predation occurred, including Wedge-tailed Eagle predation on Little Eagles.
Nutrition during early childhood years and a risk of mental diseases
Authors:   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Netrebenko O.K.
Published: February 2021

At present, the prevalence of mental disorders among children and adults is growing rapidly. For example, according to statistical data, the prevalence rates of all mental diseases in Russia have grown by 10 times during the past 45 years. Apparently, one of the causes might be impairment of the processes of normal programming of metabolic and brain function, which occurs during the critical period of the first 1000 days of life. Any imbalances in the environment and nutrition in that period might change the function of genes responsible for production of neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors, and other molecules involved in synaptogenesis, dendritic synthesis. A factor influencing the brain development processes that is most accessible for modification is nutrition. Nutrition of a pregnant woman and baby, as well as the state of intestinal microbiota, influence the expression of genes important for an adequate brain development. Key words: nutrition, brain development, neuropsychological disorders
Maltodextrin as an ingredient for baby food production. Study of composition and properties
Authors:   Research Institute of Paediatric Nutrition – Branch of the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Istra, Moscow region, Russian Federation, Simonenko S.V. , Antipova T.A. ,   Research Institute of Paediatric Nutrition – Branch of the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Istra, Moscow region, Russian Federation, Felik S.V. ,   Research Institute of Paediatric Nutrition – Branch of the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Istra, Moscow region, Russian Federation, Simonenko E.S. ,   Research Institute of Paediatric Nutrition – Branch of the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Istra, Moscow region, Russian Federation
Published: February 2021

The main principles of development of adapted infant milk formulas are approximation to the composition and properties of human milk and correspondence to the specific features of infantile digestion and metabolism. Of no least significance is adjustment of the carbohydrate component. Partial replacement of lactose by maltodextrin allows to decrease the osmolality of milk formulas. Maltodextrin is well utilized in the intestines, has a positive effect on its microbiota. Therefore, in modern infant adapted formulas lactose is partly replaced by maltodextrin. Infant formulas are manufactured using maltodextrin with the dextrose equivalent from 18 to 22. The study was aimed at investigating the possibility of using maltodextrin manufactured in Russia in specialised food products for infant nutrition. Three samples of maltodextrin were selected for the study: 2 were manufactured in Russia and 1 was imported. The samples were tested in the following order: study of comparative characteristics of maltodextrins; experimental pre-production of adapted milk formulas with maltodextrin samples, and examination of the quality and safety characteristics and the technological benefits of its use. The research work and its results confirmed the possibility of using maltodextrin made in Russia for manufacture of adapted products for child nutrition to optimise the carbohydrate composition of the final product. Key words: dextrose equivalent, child nutrition, maltodextrin, solubility
Regulatory and legal issues related to marking of child nutrition
Authors:   Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, Perm, Russian Federation, Maleeva T.L. , Shilnikova S.V. ,   Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, Perm, Russian Federation, Tarasevich V.N. ,   Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, Perm, Russian Federation
Published: February 2021

The quality and safety of food products, including those intended for children’s nutrition, are a priority for the World Health Organization. At present, in order to ensure the quality and safety of food products for child nutrition, there are numerous regulatory and legal acts in Russia. The article provides the systematization of the regulatory and legal framework, taking into account the requirements for food products intended for child nutrition (for the raw materials used, prepared food, its nutritional value, enrichment with vitamins and micronutrients, the use of appropriate packaging and marking) and for the processes that make up its circulation (manufacturing, storage, transportation, sale, advertising and product information). Information on marking of food products for children’s nutrition in accordance with Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 022/2011 was given. The information on the main consumer characteristics of food products specified in the legislation of the Russian Federation was considered. When comparing this information, its inconsistency was established, which can make it difficult for the consumer to choose the right food products for children’s nutrition and its further use. With regard to food products intended for child nutrition, marking serves as the way of communicating information to the consumer. As a result of comparing the information on marking of packaged food products with information on the main consumer characteristics of food products, their inconsistency was also revealed, which may complicate the observance of the consumer’s rights for safety of product and information about the product. It was noted that marking of food products for child nutrition is a relevant source of information for a doctor. The authors proposed ways to optimize the regulatory framework governing the quality and safety of food products intended for child nutrition. Key words: food products, child nutrition, safety and quality of child nutrition, technical regulation, marking of child nutrition, consumer protection