bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rediscovery of Sarcopyramis subramanii Nayar (Melastomataceae) 94 years after type collection from India
Authors: Basumatary Sanswrang , Baruah Sanjib
Published: February 2021

Sarcopyramis subramanii Nayar (Melastomataceae) has only been collected once in India, from the Lushai Hills in Mizoram state in 1926. We found this species 94 years after the collection of the type material. We present a detailed taxonomic description, photographs, and a map of the distribution of this species. A comparison of S. subramanii with the allied S. nepalensis Wall. is provided to facilitate its identification.
Finding a shadow in the dark: rediscovery of Fugler’s Shadow Snake (Emmochliophis fugleri Fritts & Smith, 1969) after 54 years, with comments on its conservation status, distribution, and the tribe Diaphorolepidini
Authors: Maynard Ross J. , Culebras Jaime , Kohn Sebastian , Guayasamin Juan M. , Trageser Scott J.
Published: February 2021

Herein we report the second known record of Emmochliophis fugleri Fritts & Smith, 1969, present the first color images of the species, extend its known distribution and elevational range, provide the snout–vent and tail lengths of the holotype, and demonstrate that the condition of fused prefrontals is an unreliable diagnostic character for the genus Diaphorolepis. Considering the rarity of this snake as well as the imminent threat that mining poses to the Río Manduriacu Reserve, we recommend a conservation status of Critically Endangered for E. fugleri. 
The language policy of trilingual transnational families living between Antioch, Paris and Berlin
Authors: Istanbullu Suat
Published: February 2021

In this article I analyze the family language policy of trilingual transnational families (Arabic, Turkish, French or German) through a comparative study of their intergenerational language practices in France and Germany. This study is based on a multi-sited ethnography, with recordings of individual interviews and socially situated heterogeneous language practices involving two families of three generations with similar trajectories and socioeconomic and linguistic profiles. The analyses of their language practices demonstrate that family language policy is based on individual freedom of choice; it is not explicit, fixed or rigid but unconstrained and ?uctuating. With respect to the inherited familial languages, contrary to expectations, I observe that they are maintained relatively well, especially in the case of Arabic; this is true even for the youngest participants, the third generation. I show that the factor supporting the maintenance of Arabic in the third generation is the grandparents’ alignment with the youngest participants’ language choice as well as their caring attitude, expressed mainly in Arabic, but also, though less regularly, in Turkish.
SAĞLIK TURİZMİ VE DEVLET TEŞVİKLERİ
Authors: TENGİLİMOĞLU Dilaver
Published: February 2021

Son yıllarda hizmet ihracatında artış yaşanan hizmet sektörlerinden birisi de sağlık turizmi olmuştur. Sağlık turisti sayısı  ve turizm geliri artışında kuşkusuz küreselleşmenin, iletişim teknolojilerinin ve ulaşım imkanlarının gelişmesi, gelişmiş ülkelerde bekleme sürelerinin uzaması ve  sağlık hizmetinde artan maliyet baskıları en önemli etken olmuştur. Ülkemizde turizm politikalarının önemli konularından birisi haline gelen sağlık turizmi, ekonomik anlamda ülke gelirine artı değer katmakta ve var olan mevcut imkanların da kullanımına sebep olarak sadece “sağlık” olarak değil diğer turizm aktivitelerini de içinde barındıran fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Katma değeri oldukça yüksek olan bu sektörün gelişiminde son yıllarda izlenen olumlu ulusal politikalar, verilen devlet destekleri ve teşvikler önemli rol oynamıştır. Nitekim 2003 yılında sağlık turizmi amacıyla ülkemizi ziyaret eden kişi sayısı 139.971 kişiden 2019 yılında 662.087'e, gelir ise 203 milyon dolardan bir milyar doların üzerine çıkmıştır. Hükümet tarafından verilen teşvik türlerinde ve teşvik oranlarında önemli artışlar görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada  sağlık turizmi ve gelişimi, sağlık turizminde devlet desteği ve teşvikler konuları kavramsal olarak ele alınmıştır.
JEL Kodları: H51, Z30, I1
THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC EXPECTATION, SOCIAL CAPITAL AND HOPE ON MIGRATION REQUEST AND ACTION
Authors: KELEŞ Şerafettin
Published: February 2021

In this study, the factors affecting the request and action of migration are examined with empirical method within the scope of neoclassical economic theories and behavioral economic thought. A survey of a selected sample was analyzed with structural equation modeling. There was a linear relationship between migration and economic expectation, social capital and hope. It was found that the Economic Expectation Variable had a very strong negative effect on individuals' decision to immigrate and desire to migrate (γ = -0.99; t = -17.87). Hope variable has a very strong negative effect on individuals' migration decision and desire to migrate (γ = -0.96; t = -13.66). The Social Capital Secret Variable has a negatively moderate effect on individuals' decision to immigrate and desire to migrate (γ = -0.48; t = -8.19). It was seen that economic and political conjuncture was effective in the decision of migration of individuals.
JEL codes: A12, B55, C25, E71, F22
Emociones positivas del docente: una reflexión desde las realidades que enfrenta la educación escolar mexicana
Authors: Trimiño Quiala Bernardo , Garrido Sosa Carla Josefina
Published: February 2021

Las emociones positivas se consideran activadoras de cambios emocionales y fisiológicos, mejorando entre otras cosas el juicio, la memoria, la creatividad y las decisiones de quien las experimenta, de ahí su importancia en la educación escolar mexicana contemporánea. El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar acerca de las influencias que ejercen las emociones positivas del personal docente en función de elevar la calidad del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Para ello, se utilizó como metodología la realización de un estudio documental de diferentes fuentes bibliográficas. Con la realización de este artículo se llegó a la conclusión que las emociones positivas del docente impactan en el alumno y están directamente relacionadas con el nivel de aprovechamiento del mismo. Un docente con buen manejo de sus emociones fomenta en sus alumnos habilidades y valores que permiten formar un ciudadano sano y feliz.
Uso de Aspirina® (Acido Acetilsalicilico) en el rendimiento del grano del cultivo de Maíz
Authors: Tucuch-Haas C. J. , Angulo-Castro A. , Tucuch-Haas J. I. , Mejia-Delgadillo M. A. , López-Orona C. A.
Published: February 2021

Concentraciones de 100, 1, 0.01 y 0.0001 µM de AAS, provenientes de pastillas de Aspirina® efervescente (500 mg de AAS) y agua de pozo como control, se aplicaron de manera foliar al dosel de plantas de maíz, con siete días de edad, establecidas en campo bajo un diseño experimental de bloques al azar, para probar la sensibilidad del tejido de este cultivo, rendimiento del grano, partiendo de la premisa, que posee efectos similares a su molécula precursora (ácido salicílico). Por lo que al momento de la cosecha se recolectaron datos de longitud y diámetro de la mazorca, número de granos por hilera, peso de la semilla y rendimiento de mazorca, por parcela experimental y hectárea, por lo que en este estudio las plantas tuvieron mayor sensibilidad a la aplicación de 1 µM de ASS de pastillas comerciales, promoviendo un mayor desarrollo vegetativo, rendimiento del grano, y contenido de los N, P y K, tanto en el grano como en los tejidos.
Automated H&E Staining and Coverslipping (Leica) v1
Authors: Thomas Linda , Brown Angie , Wiles Kerry
Published: February 2021

This procedure establishes a consistent process for preparing H&E slides from FFPE tissue samples using the automated H&E Leica Stainer and coverslip instruments. This procedure is performed by trained histology laboratory personnel.
Detection of cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS production using FlexStation 3 v1
Authors: Zaibi; Pengyun Li; Shang-Zhong Xu Nawel
Published: February 2021

This protocol is for the detection of cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS using FlexStation 3
General bacteria and archaea 16S-rRNA (515Fmod-806Rmod) for Illumina amplicon sequencing v3
Authors: Angel Roey , Petrova Eva
Published: February 2021

Universal 16S rRNA probe-based-qPCR assay for bacteria. The primers target the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and were specifically designed for Illumina amplicon sequencing. The original primers were designed by Caporaso et al. (2012) and modified by Walters et al. (2015). For barcoding, we use the Fludigm Access Array for barcoding the sample and therefore the primers are synthisized with the CS1 and CS2 regions.
High throughput Zika virus reporter virus particle microneutralization assay: Laboratory Procedure v1
Authors: not provided not provided
Published: February 2021

Zika virus is a Flavivirus, transmitted via Aedes mosquitos, that causes a range of symptoms including Zika congenital syndrome. Zika has posed a challenging situation for health, public and economic sectors of affected countries. To quantitate Zika virus neutralizing antibody titers in serum samples, we developed a high throughput plate-based Zika virus reporter virus particle (RVP) assay that uses an infective, non-replicating particle encoding Zika virus surface proteins and capsid (CprME) and a reporter gene (Renilla luciferase). This is the first characterization of a Zika virus RVP assay in 384-well format using a Dengue replicon Renilla reporter construct. Serially diluted test sera were incubated with RVPs, followed by incubation with Vero cells. RVPs that have not been neutralized by antibodies in the test sera entered the cells and expressed Renilla luciferase. Quantitative measurements of neutralizing activity were determined using a plate-based assay and commercially available substrate. The principle of limiting the infection to a single round increases the precision of the assay measurements. RVP EC50 titers correlated closely with titers determined using a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) (R2>95%). The plate-based Zika virus RVP assay also demonstrated high levels of precision, reproducibility and throughput. The assay employs identical reagents for human, rhesus macaque and mouse serum matrices. Spiking studies indicated that the assay performs equally well in different species, producing comparable titers irrespective of the serum species. The assay is conducted in 384-well plates and can be automated to simultaneously achieve high throughput and high reproducibility.
Uncertainty propagation in structural reliability with implicit limit state functions under aleatory and epistemic uncertainties
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Zhang Jianguo , You Lingfei , Zhang Qingyuan
Published: February 2021

Uncertainty propagation plays a pivotal role in structural reliability assessment. This paper introduces a novel uncertainty propagation method for structural reliability under different knowledge stages based on probability theory, uncertainty theory and chance theory. Firstly,
a surrogate model combining the uniform design and least-squares method is presented to simulate the implicit limit state function with random and uncertain variables. Then, a novel quantification method based on chance theory is derived herein, to calculate the structural
reliability under mixed aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. The concepts of chance reliability and chance reliability index (CRI) are defined to show the reliable degree of structure. Besides, the selection principles of uncertainty propagation types and the corresponding reliability estimation methods are given according to the different knowledge stages. The proposed methods are finally applied in a practical structural reliability problem, which illustrates the effectiveness and advantages of the techniques presented in this work.
Estratégias para o uso seguro de antimicrobianos pela enfermagem no ambiente hospitalar: revisão integrativa
Authors: Lourenço Cunha Tonia , Camerini Flavia Giron , Silva Fassarella Cintia , De Mendonça Henrique Danielle , Brandão de Moraes Erika
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: identificar estratégias relacionadas à segurança na gestão de antimicrobianos pela enfermagem no ambiente hospitalar. Método: revisão integrativa, realizada de maio a junho de 2020 nas bases de dados da LILACS, MEDLINE e EMBASE. Foram selecionados artigos de 2015 a julho de 2020. Para a análise dos níveis de evidência foi adotado o método Grading of Recomendations Assessment, Developing and Evaluation. Resultados: a amostra foi constituída por oito artigos. Foram identificadas estratégias gerenciais e assistenciais de enfermagem, relacionadas a gestão de antimicrobianos. Conclusão: dentre as estratégias gerenciais destacam-se a capacitação dos enfermeiros para o uso racional de antimicrobianos; a criação de comitês multidisciplinares; e o monitoramento de indicadores de vigilância epidemiológica das infecções relacionadas a assistência a saúde. Entre as estratégias assistenciais: a triagem inicial e a avaliação diária do paciente direcionada para a gestão de antimicrobianos; utilização de protocolos e especificidades técnicas da administração de antimicrobianos.
Avaliação dos registros de enfermagem em pediatria
Authors: Rissi Gabrieli Patricio , Cruz Shibukawa Bianca Machado , Borotta Uema Roberta Tognollo , De Freitas Goes Herbert Leopoldo
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: analisar a qualidade dos registros de enfermagem realizados em unidade de internação pediátrica. Métodos: estudo descritivo de análise documental. Realizou-se auditoria retrospectiva entre julho a outubro de 2019, extraindo dados referentes a assistência por meio da qualidade dos registros de enfermagem. Os dados foram analisados por meio de frequência absoluta e relativa, além da realização do cálculo de Índice de Positividade. Resultados: foram analisados 1.129 registros realizados pelos enfermeiros em prontuários de 67 crianças e adolescentes. Os registros variaram a sua classificação entre adequado, seguro, limítrofe e sofrível. No contexto geral, os registros refletiram uma assistência de enfermagem sofrível, visto que não foram classificados como de qualidade. Conclusão:  o registro do enfermeiro evidenciou lacunas na assistência prestada à população pediátrica, evidenciando a necessidade de expor a magnitude do tema aos profissionais diretamente envolvidos, visando a melhoria qualidade da assistência.
Medidas de controle do Mycobacterium Tuberculosis no serviço hospitalar: estudo avaliativo
Authors: Carla de Sousa Paiva Alany , Yasmine Bezerra e Silva Sandy , Keller Gregório de Araújo Vitória , Priscila Abdias do Nascimento Camila , Lima de Souza Nilba , Simone Galvão Pinto Erika
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar as medidas de controle para infecção por Mycobacterium tuberculosis na perspectiva das dimensões estrutura e processo em um hospital universitário localizado no município de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Método: estudo de avaliação em saúde, normativo, quantitativo. A amostra será composta de 275 profissionais de enfermagem, sendo 93 enfermeiros e 182 técnicos. Será utilizado um questionário de 48 questões, com a utilização da escala de Likert, dividido em três seções: caracterização profissional, dimensão estrutura e dimensão processo. Os dados serão analisados por meio da estatística descritiva. Resultados esperados: contribuir com a identificação de indicadores que levem os profissionais a refletirem sobre as suas ações com vista a auxiliar a tomada de decisões.
INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES AS A METHOD OF ACTIVATING THE COGNITIVE ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS IN PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
Authors: Holovko N. , Zarutska V. , Cherepakha A.
Published: February 2021

Different approaches to the interpretation of the essence of innovative pedagogical technologies have been highlighted in the article, as well as their influence on the activation of cognitive activity of students as future specialists. It has been analysed that methods of intensification of educational activities are aimed at forming positive motives for learning, stimulate cognitive activity and at the same time contribute to the enrichment of educational information. The implementing of innovative pedagogical technologies in the educational process will increase students' interest in learning, teach them to work independently, be communicative and mobile, adapt to the requirements of modern society. It has been considered that innovative pedagogical technologies are the purposeful, systematic and consistent implementation of innovative methods, techniques, tools that encompass a holistic educational process from determining its purpose to expected results. This is due to the fact that the training system of a future specialist must comply with modern trends in the development of society, its needs.
Innovative learning is a learning and educational activity focused on dynamic changes in the world around us, based on the development of various forms of thinking, creative abilities, and high social and adaptive abilities of an individual.
In the professional and practical training of future teachers, technologies are being introduced to form their professional competence, among which are: personality-oriented education and training, group educational technology, information technology, project training, problem-based learning theory, interactive technology, creative personality formation technology , game technology theory, specialized training, integrated technologies and others.
Technologies contribute to the assimilation of knowledge and skills, the activation and development of mental actions, the system of effective practical sphere, the strengthening of emotionality, the development of a creative nature; independence in decision making; the desire to acquire skills in a relatively short period.
High Quality Human Resources Development to Satisfied the Globalization in Vietnam: Defiances and Solutions
Authors: Pham Thi Thuy Nguyen Minh Tri,
Published: February 2021

Human resources, especially high quality human resources play an important role in development of the economy and the society. In a globalization circumstance with a strongly development of “Industries 4.0”, Vietnamese government was focusing in building a highly qualified human resources to satisfy the need of development and globalizations; in which, concentrating human resources for industries with high technology content and added value, improving training quality to meet labor market requirements at home and abroad. However, over the past years, Vietnam has faced great challenges, high-quality human resources have not met the requirements of socio-economic development in the current international integration process. Therefore, it is necessary to have a system of solutions deployed synchronously in order to develop more high-quality human resources to meet the development requirements of Vietnam in the international integration process.
Surgeon, citizen, teacher (to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Professor I.S. Nikolaev)
Authors: Naumov A G , Shprykov A S , Sutyagina D A , Kryukov E R , Bochkarev P A , Spiridonov M A
Published: February 2021

The article provides information about a prominent Nizhny Novgorod surgeon, the first head of the tuberculosis department of the Gorky Medical Institute named after S.M. Kirov (now Privolzhsky Research Medical University) Ivan Semenovich Nikolaev. Ivan Semyonovich Nikolaev went through the horrors of the Great Patriotic War, worked with prominent doctors of his time (L.V. Bogush, B.A. Korolev, S.S. Yudin), achieved unprecedented success in the surgical treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, received the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences after defending the candidate's thesis (for the first time in the history of the Gorky Medical Institute named after S.M. Kirov) due to the uniqueness and fundamental nature of the scientific materials presented. Professor Ivan Semyonovich Nikolaev successfully combined pedagogical, scientific and medical work with great organizational and social work. For many years, I.S. Nikolaev was a member of the board of the All-Union and All-Russian Society of Phthisiologists, for more than 20 years he was the Chairman of the Board of the Gorky Scientific Medical Society of Phthisiologists, a member of the editorial board of the journal Problems of Tuberculosis. Many times Ivan Semyonovich Nikolaev represented the Nizhny Novgorod phthisiology and medical institute at the All-Union and All-Russian congresses and conferences of phthisiologists was a member of their presidiums. In 1988, Ivan Semyonovich Nikolaev, due to his age, left the position of head of the tuberculosis department and worked as a consultant professor for several years, and then retired. In recent years, he lived in his native village Paustovo (Vyaznikovsky district, Vladimir region). In 1999, Ivan Semyonovich died.
Possibilities for diagnosis and prediction of preterm labor at the present stage
Authors: Mudrov V A , Ziganshin A M , Yashchuk A G , Dautova L A , Badranova R Sh
Published: February 2021

Preterm birth is one of the main causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality, which does not tend to decrease in rate. The risk of death in premature babies is 2535 times higher than that of full-term babies, and stillbirths are registered 813 times more often than in timely delivery. To date, there are no effective ways to prevent preterm birth. Therefore, the timeliness of therapy, which largely determines the outcome of pregnancy in general, depends on the effectiveness of assessing the likelihood of their development. At the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Congress (2018), preterm birth is identified as a problem that has not yet been solved at the current stage of science and technology development. The result of the unsolved problems is a situation wherein the modern world over the past 60 years there has been no decrease in the premature birth rate, which is 9.5% of births and annually ends with the birth of 15,000,000 premature babies. The study aimed to research modern methods of diagnosis and prediction of spontaneous preterm birth. An analytical method was used in the study: a detailed systematic analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature on the diagnosis and prognosis of preterm birth. We used eLibrary, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library bibliographic databases (until August 2020). The article deals with the diagnosis and prediction of preterm birth probability, which will optimize the management of patients from the risk group and, in the future, will reduce the rate of perinatal morbidity and mortality of premature babies. Despite a significant number of researches devoted to the study of possibilities for diagnosing and predicting spontaneous preterm birth, currently, there are no methods with absolute diagnostic value. Most -existing studies indicate that when assessing the probability of preterm birth, a comprehensive approach should be preferred taking into account the results of several main and additional methods.
Pharmacological stimulation of mesh implant engraftment after ventral hernia repair
Authors: Lukoyanychev E E , Izmaylov S G , Mironov A A , Izmaylov A G , Bodrov A A , Bogdanov S N , ­Kolchina O S , Melnik S A , Evsyukov D A , Vadyaeva T V
Published: February 2021

Aim. To study the effect of pyrimidine medication hydroxyethyldimethyldihydropyrimidine on the systemic inflammation after prosthetic repair of the anterior abdominal wall hernia.

Methods. We prospectively analyzed two groups of patients aged between 18 and 80 years, who underwent prosthetic repair of the aponeurosis defect in the anterior abdominal wall hernia with a standard polypropylene mesh implant. The main group (n=16) was given 0.5 g hydroxyethyldimethyldihydropyrimidine per os 3 times a day before meals for 57 days from the first day after the operation. In the control group (n=16), patients received basic therapy without hydroxyethyldimethyldihydropyrimidine.

Results. The postoperative period in patients after elective prosthetic hernioplasty of anterior abdominal wall was associated with an imbalance of the immune system with a tendency to lymphocytopenia (count in blood changed by 27.0%; p=0.20, Wilcoxon criterion) without significant leukocytopenia (count in blood changed by 4.9%; p=1.00, Wilcoxon criterion) and an 82.8% increase in C-reactive protein content (p=0.2, Wilcoxon criterion) compared to baseline values before the surgery. The proposed pharmacological support of prosthetic hernioplasty of the anterior abdominal wall with hydroxyethyldimethyldihydropyrimidine allowed to correct the postoperative lymphocytopenia (p=0.04, U-criterion) and reduce the concentration of C-reactive protein by 223.6% (p=0.03, U-criterion) compared with the control, which was also associated with a decrease in the number of local complications of prosthetic hernioplasty.

Conclusion. The use of hydroxyethyldimethyldihydropyrimidine in patients after prosthetic hernioplasty is associated with a significant decrease in the C-reactive protein level, prevention of postoperative lymphocytopenia and a decrease in the number of local wound complications; C-reactive protein level can serve as one of the early and significant indicators of postoperative complications in this category of patients.
Środowisko służby personelu więziennego jako źródło zagrożeń – wybrane aspekty
Authors: Skrabacz Aleksandra Irena
Published: February 2021

Służba Więzienna jest specyficzną grupą dyspozycyjną o charakterze paramilitarnym. Szczególny charakter wynika z jej podmiotowości, którą jest społeczność osób przymusowo odizolowanych od reszty społeczeństwa ze względu na czyny popełnione w przestrzeni społecznej. Stąd też personel więzienny narażony jest na wiele różnorodnych zagrożeń zawodowych. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie specyfiki środowiska służby i pracy personelu więziennego z uwzględnieniem wybranych czynników, które w sposób negatywny mogą wpływać na jakość i efektywność wykonywanej pracy, a także mogą stanowić zagrożenie zarówno dla personelu, jak i dla osadzonych. W części pierwszej dokonano charakterystyki Służby Więziennej jako specyficznej grupy dyspozycyjnej. Następnie przedstawiono wymogi zawodowe i etyczne, jakie są stawiane personelowi więziennemu. W części zasadniczej opisano wybrane zagrożenia zawodowe związane ze środowiskiem pracy, jak zagrożenia biologiczne, fizyczne i ergonomiczne, zagrożenia psychospołeczne oraz zagrożenia wynikające z organizacji i kultury służby. W podsumowaniu zamieszczono wnioski i rekomendacje. Artykuł ma charakter teoretyczny, a podstawą do jego opracowania była dostępna literatura przedmiotu poruszająca kwestie Służby Więziennej zarówno w wymiarze teoretycznym, jak i praktycznym.
Two New Additions to Turkish Tulostoma
Authors: AKATA İlgaz , SAHİN Ergin , ALTUNTAŞ Deniz , KABAKTEPE Şanlı
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the present work is to identify Tulostoma samples collected from Ankara and Kırıkkale provinces (Turkey). Both traditional methods and ITS rDNA-based molecular phylogeny were implemented to identify the specimens. When the high sequence similarities were taken into account, the collected specimens ANK Akata & Altuntaş 647 and ANK Akata & Altuntaş 675 were identified as T. simulans and T. subsquamosum respectively; and the morphological data further supported these findings. Short descriptions of the species are given together with their macro-and micromorphology and spore images taken by a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
An Examination and Analysis of Division I Football Game Contracts: Legal Implications of Game Cancellations Due to Hurricanes
Authors: Murfree Jessica R. , Moorman Anita M.
Published: February 2021

In recent years, extreme weather events, namely hurricanes, have compromised the college football schedule in the United States. Incidents of extreme weather have caused the cancellation, postponement, relocation, or otherwise alteration of dozens of Division I college football games in recent years. Focusing primarily on hurricanes, this study will present several concerns related to these storms and extreme weather in the US, and contractual law principles of common law defenses and force majeure clauses as they relate to college football game contracts. The purpose of the present study is to begin to better understand the football game contract inconsistencies that can lead to legal disputes faced by college football programs that deal with these storms, and gain a better insight of the contractual considerations made in light of these storms that are becoming increasinglyfrequent and severe. To do so, college football game contracts were obtained through Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests to select NCAA Division I colleges, internet-based searches, and media exchanges. Analysis of force majeure contract language revealed inconsistent definitions of force majeure events, a limited number of contracts containing specific weather-related force majeure language, and a range of force majeure events leading to the absence of a clear and consistent understanding of how extreme weather-related cancellations would impact the contractual relationships. Recommendations, asa result of the document analysis, are then made for provisionary revision and reconstruction to meet current realistic needs for individual schools. Societal consciousness regarding climate change is adjusting, therefore sport and legal practitioners can reflect this modernization by scrutinizing potential prudent risks.
Operation Varsity Blues and the NCAA’s Special Admission Exception
Authors: Lens Joshua
Published: February 2021

“Operation Varsity Blues,” the university admissions scandal and ensuing federal investigation, made national news and captivated the public. Fascination with the scandal could have stemmed from the involvement of celebrities such as Lori Loughlin and Felicity Huffman and/or the sheer ridiculousness of the scheme, in which wealthy and prominent families paid exorbitant amounts of money to secure their childrens’ admission to elite universities. Others may have closely followed the resulting legal proceedings that included federal criminal charges like racketeering against 50 individuals and civil lawsuits against elite universities and celebrities with one suit seeking $500 billion in damages. Lawmakers’ attempts at preventing future university admissions scandals legislatively may have also caused curiosity.
This article, though, explores the scandal’s intricate ties to college athletics and seeks to determine the most effective and practical means to mitigate the likelihood of a future similar admissions scandal. More specifically, the article explores how head coaches and an athletics administrator used their positions at academically elite universities to exploit a little-known NCAA rule permitting universities to use more lenient admissions standards for incoming student-athletes. Scheme participants falsely indicated dozens of applicants were incoming student-athletes in order to trigger the less rigorous standards and secure admission to elite universities. The criminal proceedings resulting from the scandal have yielded relatively light sentences for involved coaches, and civil suits against universities have been unsuccessful. California attempted to address the scandal legislatively, but, as this article explains, its reform package contains holes that fail to address many of the scheme’s key components.
The article concludes that the NCAA, as opposed to lawmakers, the legal system, or individual universities, is in the best position to prevent, or mitigate the likelihood of, a future university admissions scheme like Operation Varsity Blues. Doing so would require only eliminating a single NCAA rule that is inconsistent with myriad other NCAA rules and principles and has resulted in decades of poor academic results.
Impact of social innovation on population change in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
Authors: Varga Krisztina , Tóth Géza , Nagy Zoltán
Published: February 2021

Technological and economic innovations cannot respond to all social challenges. Natural and material resources are becoming ever scarcer, so it is necessary to use investment assets, maximizing social and economic efficiency. It is a major task to address the backwardness originating from regional disparities and to create opportunities for catching up in peripheral regions. The study, based on the process-oriented model defined in our previous studies and the determination of the social innovation potential, tries to determine the relationship between social innovation potential, the spatial position of developmental image, and regional differences and population change in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County.
Student perception and the efficacy of universities in shaping the entrepreneurial mindset
Authors: S. Gubik Andrea , Bartha Zoltán
Published: February 2021

Modern universities may play a significant role in entrepreneurial ecosystems by boosting the entrepreneurial activity of the region. One way to achieve this is through entrepreneurship education. In this study we suggest that one reason why entrepreneurship education has a weak impact on entrepreneurial activity is that the effect of courses and extracurricular programmes depends on how students perceive the entrepreneurial activity. We use the 2018 GUESSS database, which includes 9,667 answers for Hungary, to develop a general linear model. The model suggests that students’ entrepreneurial intentions, attitudes toward entrepreneurship, self-efficacy, social norms, as well as the university, and the field of study all have a small but statistically significant impact on how students perceive the entrepreneurial ecosystem within the university. Our conclusion is that more emphasis on shaping attitudes and arousing student interest can increase the efficiency of entrepreneurship education.
Functional outcome of displaced middle third clavicular fractures treated by plate osteosynthesis
Authors: Palanivel A.
Published: February 2021

Background: Clavicle fracture is a common traumatic injury around the shoulder girdle due to its subcutaneous position. Recent studies have shown a higher rate of nonunion and shoulder dysfunction in subgroups of patients with clavicle fractures. The purpose of the study was to prospectively analyse the functional outcome of mid-third displaced clavicular fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation with plate osteosynthesis. To study the outcome of displaced middle-third clavicular fracture streated by plate osteosynthesis.

Methods: This was a prospective comparative on-randomized study was conducted in Government District Head Quarters Hospital Nagapattinam with a follow-up ranging from September 2018 to January 2019 5 months. Thirty-four cases of middle third displaced (Robinson type 2b1 and 2b2) clavicular fractures are treated with plate osteosynthesis. We used a reconstruction plate, a locking compression plate, and a 1/3rd tubular plate for study.

Results: The mean time to union was 9.5 weeks. At the latest follow-up, the entire patients returned to the pre-injury activity level. One case had a superficial infection which was treated with intravenous antibiotics. There is no difference between the reconstruction group and the locking compression plate group in terms of functional outcome and union rate. We also noticed that road traffic accident and direct injury to the shoulder causes Robinson type 2b2 fractures.

Conclusions: Open reduction and rigid internal fixation of displaced midshaft clavicular fracture have resulted in a good fracture union rate and excellent functional outcome.
Imprudência humana tragicamente poética
Authors: Bastazin Vera , Soares Filho Antonio Coutinho
Published: February 2021

Entre a tessitura de referências à cultura oriental e a poética da linguagem, Valter Hugo Mãe coloca nas mãos de seus leitores o romance Homens imprudentemente poéticos,  que propõe não apenas a continuidade de seus escritos, mas um convite para o mergulho nas estranhas do ser, traçando uma perspectiva não apenas episódica, mas sobretudo imagética. Neste sentido, o artigo aqui apresentado refaz, de certa forma, uma caminhada pela narrativa contemporânea, evidenciando uma intersecção de teor existencial, místico e mito-poético. A magia da linguagem instiga e fascina o leitor, seja pela construção das relações de intersubjetividade que se estendem do núcleo familiar para o social, seja pela ambientação espectral que atinge momentos de tensão e lirismo. O enfoque mito-trágico é outro aspecto do romance que, ao revelar sentimentos primitivos do homem, evidencia um quadro de animosidade e inquietações interiores dos protagonistas. A análise proposta se estende para o ideário grego, retomando componentes ou condições do trágico que oferecem uma possibilidade enriquecedora de leitura da obra em movimentos constantes entre a miséria do cotidiano e a consciência iluminadora que alimenta o fazer artístico como forma de intermediação entre os homens.
A ficção em Nove Noites
Authors: Silva de Freitas Daniela
Published: February 2021

Vivemos hoje um boom de livros sobre a memória, seja ela pública ou privada: autobiografias, biografias, metaficções historiográficas. É neste contexto histórico-cultural que se insere o romance que o presente artigo se propõe a analisar. Nove Noites, de Bernardo Carvalho, publicado em 2002, parece ser parte de uma busca do autor pela reafirmação do valor da ficção. Apropriando-se, de maneira vertiginosa, de formas literárias que se articulam a partir de um limite mais próximo da realidade – da biografia, da autobiografia e da metaficção historiográfica –, o romance emprega a linguagem e as estratégias destas formas literárias de modo a fazer com que o pacto com a ficção sempre prevaleça sobre o pacto com a realidade. Este artigo tenta descrever como esse processo acontece no romance.
Jane Eyre e o projeto imperialista: uma leitura contrapontual
Authors: De Freitas Viviane
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho se propõe a fazer uma “leitura contrapontual” (SAID, 1995) do romance Jane Eyre tendo como foco o projeto imperialista inglês e a posição ocupada pelos personagens Jane Eyre, Rochester e Bertha Mason. O trabalho coloca em primeiro plano a imbricação entre identidade e questões como raça, nacionalidade, classe e gênero, a partir da interlocução com os escritores McLeod (2010), Spivak (1995) e Said (1995). Esse enfoque busca evidenciar o contexto colonial no romance de Charlotte Brontë, os fatores que determinaram a trajetória de progresso da protagonista Jane Eyre e a condição de exílio da personagem caribenha Bertha Mason. O trabalho examina a relação entre a origem colonial de Bertha e o seu (não) lugar tanto na sociedade inglesa quanto no romance inglês do século XIX. Por outro lado, a ascensão social e o prestígio do casal protagonista Jane Eyre e Rochester, bem como a posição de Jane como heroína individualista da ficção britânica do século XIX são abordadas diante do contexto do imperialismo e sua missão civilizatória.
Apagamento de /r/ em coda silábica na variedade do interior paulista
Authors: Taborda Isabela Ribeiro , Do Carmo Márcia Cristina
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho analisa o apagamento variável de /R/ em contexto de coda silábica em posição medial e final de vocábulo na variedade do interior paulista. Como arcabouço teórico, utilizamo-nos da Teoria da Variação e Mudança Linguística, também denominada Sociolinguística Quantitativa (LABOV, 2008 [1972]). Durante a pesquisa, foram analisados oito inquéritos de fala espontânea retirados do banco de dados IBORUNA (IBILCE/UNESP – FAPESP 03/08058-6). A partir da análise estatística realizada pelo programa Goldvarb X, foram obtidos 2400 dados, dos quais 52,2% sofreram o processo. Constatamos que o fenômeno de apagamento ocorre motivado por variáveis linguísticas, como classe morfológica da palavra e posição da sílaba, em detrimento de variáveis sociais, como faixa etária e escolaridade. Nota-se que, quando se trata de verbos em posição final de vocábulo, como em falar e estudar, o /R/ em coda costuma ser cancelado, como em faláØ e estudáØ. Finalmente, devido à irrelevância da faixa etária para a aplicação do processo, podemos afirmar que o apagamento de /R/ trata-se de um processo em variação estável na variedade analisada.
OS LIMITES JURÍDICOS PARA A PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL: OS DIREITOS DOS HUMANOS EM FACE DOS SERES NÃO HUMANOS
Authors: Miguel Luciano Costa
Published: February 2021

Ante o forte advento do movimento ambientalista nas últimas décadas, que apresenta uma crescente demanda para a expansão de uma maior proteção jurídica para todos os seres vivos, faz-se necessário verificar se o nosso ordenamento jurídico se encontra apto para reconhecer e salvaguardar os direitos dos não humanos e, se sim, quais seriam os limites jurídicos que existiriam para esses direitos quando em confronto com os direitos humanos, como o direito à cultura, à liberdade religiosa e ao desenvolvimento econômico. Dessa forma, será analisada a compatibilidade desse paradigma ecocêntrico sustentado por parte dos atores ambientais junto à centralidade do homem como sujeito de todos os direitos previstos em nosso ordenamento jurídico. Questões como a prática de rodeios, sacrifícios de animais e a controvertida relação entre direitos econômicos e ecológicos serão analisados com vistas a se verificar como deve ser solucionada essa suposta concorrência entre os direitos dos humanos e dos não humanos. Pretende-se dessa forma deixar claro os limites impostos pelo nosso atual ordenamento jurídico para a proteção do bem-estar e da vida dos animais.
RESSACA E COMUNIDADE LAGOA DOS ÍNDIOS EM MACAPÁ/AP: ENTRELAÇAMENTO DO PATRIMÔNIO AMBIENTAL CULTURAL
Authors: Bastos Cecília Maria Chaves Brito
Published: February 2021

A Lagoa dos Índios, tombada como área de ressaca, comporta, secularmente, uma comunidade remanescente de quilombo. Assim, objetivou-se fazer reflexões sobre a Lagoa dos Índios como patrimônio ambiental cultural, considerando o processo histórico de ocupação e os agentes perturbadores do equilíbrio natural e cultural do ambiente. A metodologia integrou pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo. O resultado da pesquisa aponta entrelaçamento do bem natural (a ressaca) com o bem cultural (a comunidade negra). A ressaca faz parte da memória do grupo social ali instalado, constituindo referência histórica para a comunidade e para a sua preservação como bem natural e cultural.
Integral representations in boundary-value problems on calculation of devices of microwave and EHF bands
Authors: Raevsky Sergey B. , Kapustin Sergey A. , Raevsky Alexey S.
Published: February 2021

In the electrodynamic calculation of microwave (EHF) devices using methods that lead to algorithms in an open form, strict integral relations (representations) are very useful: Lorentz lemma, reciprocity theorem, orthogonality condition for eigenwaves, etc. of the results obtained, their convergence improves, and in some cases the calculation of characteristics that cannot be calculated without the indicated representations. Integral representations are a record of the equations of electrodynamics (in any unified form) and their solutions in one or another generalized form, linking in general the electromagnetic fields in electrodynamic structures described by boundary value problems. Integral views are used to control the results obtained; insome cases, they allow obtaining analytical solutions; lead to self-consistent problems that take into account the reverse effect of the radiation field on the primary sources; allow obtaining a priori information about the spectrum of possible solutions; solve associated problems as specific problems of arousal. Consideration of the phenomenon of complex resonance in this work shows that integral representations make it possible to establish a connection between non-self-adjointness and self-consistency of boundary value problems.
Löcher in der Mauer
Authors: Engel Ulrich
Published: February 2021

Für einen Westdeutschen war es durchaus möglich, während des ‚Kalten Krieges‘ Kontakte zu Kollegen in den sozialistischen Ländern aufzubauen und sogar zu enger und längerfristiger Kooperation zu gelangen. Lediglich die Berliner Mauer und die ‚Zonengrenze‘ waren unüberwindbar, und auch die Grenzen zur Sowjetunion waren dicht. Der Autor berichtet über seine Beziehungen zu Polen, zur Tschechoslowakei, zu Ungarn und zu Rumänien bis zur ‚Wende‘, die alle Schranken aufhob.
Westkontakte. Erinnerungsreflexe eines ostdeutschen Germanisten
Authors: Leistner Bernd
Published: February 2021

Im September 1976 begann die Tätigkeit des Verfassers als wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter an den Nationalen Forschungs- und Gedenkstätten der klassischen deutschen Literatur in Weimar. Sie brachte Begegnungen mit ‚westlichen‘ Fachkolleginnen und Fachkollegen mit sich, und es entstanden Einzelkontakte, die sich als dauerhaft erwiesen. Auch Einladungen zu Symposions- und Vortragsreisen konnten schließlich wahrgenommen werden. Im nachfolgenden Text wird von alledem berichtet.
Trotz Einschränkungen
Authors: Sauerland Karol
Published: February 2021

Der Autor versucht die Besonderheit der polnischen Germanistik im Ost-West-Dialog aus einer autobiographischen Sicht als Warschauer Literaturwissenschaftler zu beleuchten.
Erinnerungen an Begegnungen mit Germanisten aus den Ostblockstaaten während der kommunistischen Zeit
Authors: Wiesinger Peter
Published: February 2021

Der Autor hatte schon während seiner Marburger Zeit ab 1962 germanistische Sprachwissenschaftler(innen) aus den kommunistischen Oststaaten kennengelernt und baute diese Beziehungen nach seiner Berufung als Ordinarius an die Universität Wien 1971/72 aus. So kam es seit 1973 zu Kontakten besonders zur Kollegenschaft von je 5 Universitäten und Institutionen in Polen und in der DDR. Beschrieben werden die subjektiven Eindrücke und Erfahrungen bei Tagungen und als einzelne Begegnungen bei Einladungen zu Gastvorträgen. Dabei erwies sich die Situation in Polen anders als in der DDR.
Die Welt des Manfred Peter Hein. Notizen zu Leben und Werk des deutschen Dichters aus Finnland
Authors: Kelletat Andreas F.
Published: February 2021

Das Werk Manfred Peter Heins, der zwei Jahre vor Hitlers Machtantritt in Ostpreußen geboren wurde, in Westdeutschland studiert hat und Ende der 50er Jahre nach Finnland übergesiedelt ist, wurde bisher primär unter der Perspektive analysiert, wie er – etwa in der Nachfolge Johannes Bobrowskis – mit dem Thema „Vergangenheitsbewältigung“ umgegangen ist bzw. mit dem gerade im polnisch-deutschen Kontext brisanten Thema „Flucht und Vertreibung“. Der Beitrag soll zeigen, dass diese inhaltliche Festlegung dem Themen- und Perspektivenreichtum vor allem seiner Lyrik nicht gerecht wird, dass zu seiner Welt noch andere Regionen gehören als „nur“ die östlichen Nachbarländer Deutschlands.
Linguistik im geteilten Deutschland
Authors: Skibitzki Bernd , Vater Heinz
Published: February 2021

Der Aufsatz skizziert die Linguistik – mit Schwerpunkt auf der germanistischen Linguistik – in ihren wichtigsten theoretischen Richtungen in Deutschland zur Zeit der Teilung (1945-1989, teilweise auch darüber hinaus). Dabei wird auch auf Entwicklungen im internationalen Maßstab eingegangen, die ihren Ursprung bereits im 19. Jhd. haben. Behandelt werden vor allem Strukturalismus und Generative Grammatik, aber auch die Valenztheorie (im Rahmen der Dependenz- und der Konstituenzgrammatik), Sprechakttheorie und kommunikativ-pragmatische Linguistik. Wegen der Fülle der zu besprechenden Werke und Autoren konzentrieren sich die Verfasser auf möglichst repräsentative Beispiele.
Zur Äquivalenz des kulinarischen Fachwortschatzes im deutsch-polnischen Vergleich
Authors: Turska Marta
Published: February 2021

Untersucht wurden 664 deutsch-polnische Lexempaare, deren deutsche und polnische Vertreter auf graphematischer Ebene gleich oder annähernd gleich sind. Das Ziel der Analyse war es zu ermitteln, in welchem Grade es semantische Übereinstimmungen gibt. Die Analyse hat die hohe Äquivalenz und Adäquanz der fachsprachlichen Termini bestätigt. Es konnten jedoch einige Beispiele falscher Freunde und fehlender Gebrauchsadäquanz aufgezeigt werden.