bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Algoritma C4.5 Untuk Memprediksi Besarnya Penggunaan Listrik Rumah Tangga di Kota Batam
Authors: Yulia Yulia , Azwanti Nurul
Published: August 2018

Listrik telah menjadi kebutuhan yang tidak terlepas dari kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh manusia sehari-hari. Penggunaan listrik mulai dari peralatan rumah tangga seperti kulkas, kipas angin, setrika, mixer, rice cooker hingga alat komunikasi seperti handphone, laptop dan berbagai macam  alat eletronik lainnya sangat membutuhkan adanya energi listrik. Penggunaan tenaga listrik sekarang ini merupakan salah satu kebutuhan penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Batam merupakan salah satu kota besar yang ada di Indonesia. Daerah yang termasuk padat penduduk di Batam adalah daerah Batam Center. Kepadatan penduduk tersebut juga menyebabkan kebutuhan akan energi listrik menjadi sangat tinggi. Perusahaan sebagai penyedia sumber energi listrik di kota Batam adalah PT PLN Batam (b’right). Jika penduduk tidak bijak dalam menggunakan listrik, tentu saja akan sangat mempengaruhi menipisnya persediaan energi lstrik di Kota Batam  itu sendiri. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu teknik untuk melakukan prediksi dalam penggunaan listrik rumah tangga agar tujuan dari pemerintah dalam upaya menerapkan program penghematan listrk tercapai. Teknik dalam melakukan prediksi dapat menggunakan teknik data mining dengan melakukan klasifikasi data dengan menggunakan Algoritma C4.5. Hasil dari  perhitungan Algoritma C4.5 membentuk pohon keputusan dimana variabel jumlah anggota keluarga, luas bangunan rumah dan lama waktu di rumah menjadi variabel penting dari prediksi besarnya pengggunaan listrik. Pengujian dilakukan dengan Weka telah menghasilkan rule yang sama dari pohon keputusan yang terbentuk.
EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS VISUAL OFFICE MIX PADA MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN GURU SEKOLAH DASAR UNIVERSITAS PGRI MADIUN
Authors: Tri Prasasti Pinkan Amita
Published: August 2018

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the use of visual media-based office mix  media on science students in the third-semesterf PGSD study Program in Universitas PGRI Madiun in the academic year 2016/2017. This research was a quantitative research with experimental research method. The research design used in this research was Pre Experimental Design with Intact-Group Comparison. In this research, there were two groups selected, that were experimental group and control group. The research subjects were the third semester students consisting of 2 classes, consisting of 37 and 36 student. The data collection technique was done through test, observation and interview. The determination of control class and experiment class was done by simple random sampling technique. In analyzing the data, it was used tatistical methods with t-test (t-test). From the hypothesis test analysis by using t-test with 5% significance level, it was obtained the value of t obs = 19.18 while t table = 1.685. BecauseTobs>t table Ha is accepted. So it can be concluded that the use of visual-based media slide power point (office mix) is effective on learning Science. Keywords: Learning Media Ofice Mix, PGSD, Universitas PGRI Madiun Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis visual office mix pada pembelajaran sains mahasiswa semester 3 prodi PGSD Universitas PGRI Madiun Tahun Akademik 2016/2017. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian eksperimen. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pre experimental Design dan jenis penelitian yang digunakan Intact-Group Comparison. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat dua kelompok yang dipilih yaitu kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Subjek penelitiannya adalah mahasiswa semester 3 yang terdiri dari 2 kelas, yang berjumlah 37 dan 36. Teknik pemngumpulan data dilakukan melalui tes, observasi dan wawancara. Penentuan kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen dilakukan dengan teknik simple random sampling. Dalam menganalisis data, digunakan metode statistik dengan t-test (uji-t). Dari analisis uji hipotesis soal tes menggunakan uji-t dengan taraf signifikansi 5%, diperoleh nilai = 19,18 sedangkan = 1,685 Karena > maka diterima. Jadi dapat disimpulkan penggunaan media berbasis visual slide power point (office mix) efektif pada pembelajaran Sains mahasiswa PGSD Universitas PGRI Madiun Tahun Akademik pelajaran 2016/2017. Kata Kunci: Media Pembelajaran Ofice Mix, PGSD, Universitas PGRI Madiun
Representasi semboyan Edukasi KI Hajar Dewantoro Dalam Kajian Semantik (Pendekatan Behavioral)
Authors: Hermawan Agus
Published: August 2018

Abstract: As a verbal communication instrument, language is a system with arbitrer. People realize that language activity actually is an activity to exspress language symbols to inform the meaning of the symbols to another people (in oral communication) or to the reader (in a letter communication). This thing can be seen from some of these proof, teacher in educational world already forgot about what was Ki Hajar Dewantara said, in that motto, teacher not only have to teach about educational in the class, but also to build the characteristic of their students. This observation use documentation methods in written text or language in the motto of Ki Hajar Dewantara, because Ki Hajar Dewantara wrote a message in that motto about education in the world, including in our environment to send a message about what was he did. The motto that written by Ki Hajar Dewantara use many interesting words. This thing make the writer use behavioral approachment to be a reference to make a meaning of the educational motto from Ki Hajar Dewantara.Keywords: representation, motto, education, meaning.Abstrak: Sebagai alat komunikasi verbal bahasa merupakan suatu sistem lambang bunyi yang bersifat arbitrer. Orang menyadari bahwa kegiatan berbahasa sesungguhnya adalah kegiatan mengekspresikan lambang – lambang bahasa untuk menyampaikan makna- makna yang ada pada lambang tersebut,kepada lawan bicaranya (dalam komunikasi lisan) atau pembaca ( dalam komunikasi tulis). Hal ini dapat dilihat dari bukti berikut, pendidik dalam dunia pendidikan suda mulai lupa dengan semboyan Ki Hajar Dewantara, dalam semboyan tersebut pendidik tugas dan tanggungjawabnya selain mengajar juga harus membentuk karakteristik peserta didiknya,memberikan contoh dalam bersikap.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode dokumentasi dalam penggunaan bahasa tulis yang dituangkan di semboyan Ki Hajar Dewantara sangatlah menarik, karena Ki Hajar Dewantara menuliskan pesan terhadap dunia pendidikan, baik dilingkungan sekitar maupun dilingkungan luar untuk menyampaikan pesan terhadap apa yang dialaminya. Tulisan Ki Hajar Dewantara tersebut mengandung makna atau arti, apa yang dituliskan Ki Hajar Dewantara banyak menggunakan istilah- istilah yang unik, yang sulit dinalar oleh manusia lainnya. Hal ini menyebabkan penulis menggunakan pendekatan behavioral manjadi acuan untuk memaknai istilah yang ada di semboyan pendidikan Ki Hajar Dewantara.Kata kunci: representasi, semboyan, edukasi, makna.
ISLAMIC EDUCATION SYSTEM AND CHARACTER EDUCATION AT INTEGRAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL OF LUQMAN HAKIM BOJONEGORO
Authors: Ermawati Siti
Published: August 2018

This research was conducted at Integral Elementary School of Luqman Hakim Bojonegoro by analyzing its Islamic education system and its implementation in building the students’ characters. It employed qualitative approach by descriptive method in a case study type. The data were collected through interview and documentation using method and source triangulation as data validity test. The data analysis technique was interactive analysis method. The research results showed that (1) the Islamic education system applied at this school was combining diniyah and academic achievement. This elementary school emphasizes on Al Qur’an and science, (2) the implementation of Islamic education in building the students’ characters is actualized in the classroom learning activity (combining Al Qur’an and science), the teachers’ exemplary in educating the students during the teaching process both inside and outside the classroom, one of which is by having extracurricular that implementing the character education values.  Keywords: Islamic Education System, Character Education. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem pendidikan Islam dan implementasinya dalam membentuk karakter siswa pada SD Integral Luqman Hakim Bojonegoro. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif, sedangkan jenis penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Uji validitas data yang digunakan adalah trianggulasi metode dan trianggulasi sumber. Sementara itu, teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1), Sistem pendidikan Islam yang diterapkan di SD Integral Luqman Hakim, yakni dengan memadukan pendidikan Islam yang unggul dalam diniyah dan unggul dalam akademik, SD Integral luqman hakim mengedepankan pembelajaran yang berbasis Al-qur’an dan sains (2) Implementasi pendidikan Islam dalam membentuk karakter siswa di SD Integral luqman hakim terwujud dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dikelas (perpaduan Al-qur’an dan sains), serta keteladanan pengajar dalam mendidik siswa – siswi yang tidak ada diwujudkan dalam pembelajaran di dalam kelas dan diluar kelas, misalnya seperti ekstrakulikuker yang mengimplentasi nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter.Kata Kunci: Sistem, Pendidikan, Karakter
KAJIAN SINTAKSIS PADA NOVEL SANG PENCURI WARNA KARYA YERSITA
Authors: Hasanudin Cahyo
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study aims to describe the form of 1) phrase, 2, clause, and 3) sentence on novel of Sang Pencuri Warna by Yersita. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection using documentation techniques by applying strategis read, listen, and take note. Data analysis using content analysis Miles and Huberman. The result of the research shows 1) the existence of phrase form based on the relationship between the element and the core element of the word type, 2) the existence of positive and negative clauses, 3) the existence of the phrase based on pronunciation, grammatical structure, function or content, element, arrangement, presentation style (rhetoric), and the subject. Keywords: Phrase, Clause, Sentence, Novel AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mendeskrispikan bentuk  1) frasa, 2, Klausa, dan 3) kalimat pada Novel Sang Pencuri Warna karya Yersita. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskripstf kualitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi dengan menerapkan strategi baca-cimak-catat. Analisis data menggunakan content analysis Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1) adanya bentuk frasa berdasar hubungan antar unsur dan unsur inti jenis kata, 2) adanya bentuk klausa positif dan negatif, 3) adanya kalimat berdasar pengucapan, struktur gramatikal, fungsi atau isi, unsur, susunan, gaya penyajian (retorik), dan subjek Kata kunci: Frasa, Klausa, Sentence, Novel
Влияние аналогов прогестерона на эндометриоидные гетеротопии в экспериментальной модели эндометриоза
Authors: Петросян Мария Анатольевна , Балашова Наталья Николаевна , Полянских Людмила Сергеевна , Базиян Елена Владимировна , Траль Татьяна Георгиевна , Фасахутдинова Лейсан Ханифовна , Разыграев Алексей Вячеславович , Сапронов Николай Сергеевич
Published: August 2018

Дана оценка экспериментальной модели эндометриоза на крысах при разной локализации имплантированной ткани и изучено влияние высокоактивных аналогов прогестерона на эндометриоидные очаги. Моделирование эндометриоза проводили путем аутотрансплантации фрагментов эндометрия на переднюю брюшную стенку и брыжейку тонкой кишки. В качестве испытуемых препаратов использовали синтетические производные 17α-гидроксипрогестерона – АМОЛ и бутагест, проявившие высокую гестагенную активность в экспериментах in vivo. Как препарат сравнения применяли высокоактивный гестаген – диеногест. Все препараты вводили в дозе 1 мг/кг ежедневно в течение 3-х недель после проведения диагностической лапаротомии. Эффективность гестагенов определяли по изменению объема имплантов и их резорбции. Проводили морфологическое исследование ткани импланта. На фоне применения АМОЛа объем имплантов при расчете медиан уменьшается до 18,6 % от исходных значений, тогда как в случае диеногеста – до 32,5 % (р=0,0451 и 0,0449 для однократных сравнений с контрольной группой, соответственно). Бутагест также уменьшал объем очагов эндометриоза, однако статистически значимых различий с контрольной группой не выявлено. Проведенное пилотное исследование дает основание для дальнейших разработок, направленных на изучение дозозависимого эффекта АМОЛа, его механизма действия и безопасности.
Применение лекарственного мониторинга топирамата для индивидуализации превентивной антимигренозной терапии
Authors: Красников А. В. , Абаимов Денис Александрович , Носкова Т. Ю. , Шабалина А. А. , Пантюхова Е. Ю. , Шведков В. В. , Танашян М. М.
Published: August 2018

Рассмотрены клиническая эффективность топирамата и его концентрации в плазме крови при лечении мигрени. Полученные результаты подтвердили высокую эффективность топирамата в профилактическом лечении мигрени, в том числе при тяжелом течении заболевания. На основании сравнительного анализа концентрационных значений в группах восприимчивых и невосприимчивых к препарату пациентов предлагается оптимальный диапазон терапевтических концентраций топирамата. Изучено влияние режима дозирования топирамата на достижение максимального терапевтического эффекта. Результаты терапевтического лекарственного мониторинга (ТЛМ) топирамата свидетельствуют о более быстром нарастании концентрации препарата в плазме крови в группе восприимчивых, по сравнению с группой невосприимчивых пациентов. Однако при длительном применении препарата концентрации в обеих группах выравниваются. На основании результатов можно полагать, что нередко используемое в клинической практике кратное увеличение дозы топирамата до 200 мг/сут при отсутствии эффекта при приеме препарата в дозе 100 мг/сут в течение нескольких месяцев является неоправданным.
Сравнительная эффективность ремаксола и реамберина при поражении печени четыреххлористым углеродом в эксперименте
Authors: Симонова Н. В. , Доровских В. А. , Бондаренко Д. А. , Носаль Л. А. , Штарберг М. А.
Published: August 2018

Проведено исследование антиоксидантных свойств препаратов ремаксол и реамберин на модели токсического гепатита, вызванного четыреххлористым углеродом, у крыс. Установлено, что введение 50 % масляного раствора четыреххлористого углерода подкожно в дозе 2 мл/кг 1 раз в день в течение 3 дней способствует повышению в крови и печени животных содержания гидроперекисей липидов (на 24 – 43 %), диеновых конъюгатов (на 19 – 47 %), малонового диальдегида (на 61 – 81 %) на фоне снижения активности основных компонентов антиоксидантной системы (p < 0,05). Введение крысам сукцинатсодержащего препарата ремаксол (внутрибрюшинно в дозах 50 и 100 мг/кг по сукцинату — 10 и 20 мл/кг, соответственно, — за 30 мин до каждого подкожного введения 50 % масляного раствора четыреххлористого углерода и далее в течение 3 дней) в условиях окислительного стресса способствует достоверному снижению в ткани печени гидроперекисей липидов на 25 – 32 %, диеновых конъюгатов — на 22 – 28 %, малонового диальдегида — на 30 – 34 %, по сравнению с контролем (без применения препаратов) (p < 0,05). Использование реамберина в эксперименте способствует снижению в плазме крови и ткани печени гидроперекисей липидов на 13 – 26 %, диеновых конъюгатов — на 11 – 28 %, малонового диальдегида — на 23 – 34 % по сравнению с показателями контрольной группы (p < 0,05). При анализе влияния сукцинатсодержащих препаратов на активность компонентов антиоксидантной системы установлено, что содержание церулоплазмина в крови и печени животных было достоверно выше аналогичного показателя у крыс контрольной группы на 10 – 47 %, витамина Е — на 15 – 42 % (p < 0,05). Таким образом, использование синтетических антиоксидантов в условиях введения четыреххлористого углерода в организм экспериментальных животных приводит к стабилизации процессов перекисного окисления липидов на фоне повышения активности основных компонентов антиоксидантной системы. Внутрибрюшинное введение лабораторным животным реамберина в дозе 100 мг/кг по сукцинату препятствует накоплению продуктов перекисного окисления липидов и увеличивает активность основных компонентов антиоксидантной системы в плазме крови крыс, что косвенно превосходит аналогичный эффект ремаксола, проявляющего более выраженный антиоксидантный эффект в ткани печени животных, получавших четыреххлористый углерод.
Фармакологические свойства четвертичных производных амиодарона и циннаризина в эксперименте
Authors: Балашов Владимир Павлович , Балыкова Л. А. , Чистяков С. И. , Давыдов И. А. , Блинов Д. С. , Балашов А. В. , Мокейкина О. В. , Владимиров Д. О.
Published: August 2018

Антиаритмическая активность четвертичных аммониевых производных амиодарона — N-аллил-N-(2-этиламидо-4-аминофенил)диэтиламина бромида (LHT-A104) и циннаризина — N,N-диаллил-1-циннамоил-4-дифенилметила, пиперидиния дибромида (LHT-Ц104) изучена в эквитоксических дозах (5 % от LD50), определенных для мышей при внутрибрюшинном введении. Профилактическая антиаритмическая активность соединений установлена на моделях желудочковой аритмии в раннюю стадию экспериментального инфаркта миокарда у кошек и при интоксикации мышей аритмогенной дозой хлорида кальция. Оба соединения эффективно ограничивали зону некроза при экспериментальном инфаркте миокарда у крыс. На аконитиновой модели аритмии у мышей оба соединения оказались неэффективными. Cделан вывод о том, что противоаритмическое и противоишемическое действие четвертичных производных амиодарона и циннаризина опосредовано их антикальциевыми свойствами и не связано с блокадой натриевых каналов.
Регенеративный потенциал биорезорбируемого коллагенового матрикса на модели полнослойного дефекта конъюнктивы глаза кролика
Authors: Демура Татьяна Александровна , Фисенко Наталья Владимировна , Мамиконян Вардан Рафаелович , Коган Евгения Александровна , Аветисов Сергей Эдуардович
Published: August 2018

Исследован регенеративный потенциал биорезорбируемого коллагенового матрикса (гемостатической губки) на модели полнослойного дефекта конъюнктивы глаза кролика. Результаты гистологического исследования и сканирующей электронной микроскопии свидетельствуют о постепенной резорбции волокон имплантированной в зону полнослойного дефекта конъюнктивы гемостатической коллагеновой губки от периферии к центру с замещением грануляционной тканью остаточной полости. В контрольной группе рост грануляционной ткани от интактных краев конъюнктивы обеспечивает закрытие конъюнктивального дефекта. Полнослойный конъюнктивальный дефект полностью замещается полноценной рыхлой соединительнотканной стромой, покрытой многослойным плоским эпителием к 30 сут наблюдения в обеих группах животных. Отмечен высокий регенеративный потенциал биорезорбируемого матрикса — гемостатической коллагеновой губки — при его имплантации в зону полнослойного дефекта конъюнктивы.
Хондропротекторы (механизм действия, эффективность и безопасность)
Authors: Тихонов Дмитрий Александрович , Крылова Ирина Николаевна
Published: August 2018

Изложены классификация, механизм действия, особенности фармакодинамики и фармакокинетики, показания к применению хондропротекторов – препаратов, способствующих восстановлению хрящевой ткани, приведен анализ экспериментальных и клинических исследований основных представителей препаратов группы хондропротекторов.
Протективные эффекты карбамилированного дарбэпоэтина на модели ишемической нейропатии зрительного нерва
Authors: Пересыпкина Анна Александровна , Покровский Михаил Владимирович , Губарева Виктория Олеговна , Должиков А. А.
Published: August 2018

Исследовано протективное действие карбамилированного дарбэпоэтина в дозе 300 мкг/кг на модели ишемической нейропатии зрительного нерва у крыс линии Wistar. Выявлено, что карбамилированный дарбэпоэтин предотвращает развитие повреждений диска зрительного нерва и сосудов сетчатки, вызванных внутрижелудочным введением неселективного ингибитора NO-синтаз N-нитро-L-аргинин-метилового эфира (L-NAME) в дозе 12,5 мг/кг в течение 28 сут и однократным повышением внутриглазного давления до 110 мм рт. ст. Обнаруженный протективный эффект подтвержден результатами офтальмоскопии, электроретинографии и иммуногистохимии на 29 сут эксперимента. У крыс в группе с коррекцией карбамилированным дарбэпоэтином коэффициент b/a (степень развития функциональных повреждений сетчатки) достоверно возрастает на 31,6 % (p < 0,05). Карбамилированный дарбэпоэтин ингибирует экспрессию белка р53 в нейронах сетчатки и индуцирует экспрессию эндотелиальной NO-синтазы в сосудах сетчатки, вследствие чего наблюдается протективный эффект.
Identificação da população fúngica em amostras de ar coletadas em clínica de ensino de Odontopediatria
Authors: Nunes Lariane Marcolino , Viana Talita Silva , Da Silva Gisselly Maria Campos , Botelho Maria Paula Jacobucci , Capel Lígia Maria Molinari
Published: August 2018

Agentes infecciosos podem ser transmitidos via partículas microscópicas suspensas no ar e secreções presentes em superfícies contaminadas de instrumentos e equipamentos. Entre os contaminantes veiculados pelo ar em ambiente interno estão os fungos, bactérias e vírus, que são provenientes do ar externo, do sistema de climatização, da construção, mobiliário, carpete e de seus ocupantes. A maioria dos procedimentos realizados na clínica odontológica libera grande quantidade de aerossóis, partículas diminutas que ficam durante várias horas no ar e podem conter diversos micro-organismos, dentre eles, os fungos. Em clínicas de ensino, esta contaminação é maior devido ao alto número de ocupantes e de procedimentos realizados ao mesmo tempo. Ao conhecer os gêneros fúngicos aos quais seus pacientes estão expostos, o profissional pode minimizar os riscos de infecção, adotando práticas de higienização do ambiente e do ar que possam auxiliar na prevenção de doenças. A verificação de fungos foi realizada pelo método de sedimentação em placa, que se mostra útil para a análise da quantidade e da qualidade de fungos presentes em ambientes internos e externos. Foram identificadas espécies pertencentes aos gêneros Aspergillus, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Nigrospora e Penicillium, encontrados com maior frequência os gêneros Penicillium e Aspergillus provenientes de ambiente externo e interno.
NODE-DISJOINT CYCLES IN BRIDGELESS CUBIC GRAPHS
Authors: Nguyen Thinh D.
Published: August 2018

We prove the $\mathrm{NP}$-hardness of deciding whether a connected bridgeless cubic graph $G(V, E)$ contains two node-disjoint cycles of equal cardinality $|V |/2$.
SHsearch - a method for fast remote homology detection
Authors: Baddar Mohamed
Published: August 2018

Remote homology detection is the problem of detecting homology in cases of low sequence similarity. It is a hard computational problem with no approach that works well in all cases. Methods based on profile hidden Markov models (HMM) often exhibit relatively higher sensitivity for detecting remote homologies than commonly used approaches. However, calculating similarity scores in profile HMM methods is computationally intensive as they use dynamic programming algorithms. In this paper we introduce SHsearch: a new method for remote protein homology detection. Our method is implemented as a modification of HHsearch: a remote protein homology detection method based on comparing two profile HMMs. The motivation for modification was to reduce the run time of HHsearch significantly with minimal sensitivity loss. SHsearch focuses on comparing the important submodels of the query and database HMMs instead of comparing the complete models. Hence, SHsearch achieves a significant speedup over HHsearch with minimal loss in sensitivity. On SCOP 1.63, SHsearch achieved 88X speedup with 8.2% loss in sensitivity with respect to HHsearch at error rate of 10%, which deemed to be an acceptable tradeoff.
AN OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM CONCERNING CUSTOMER’S RANKING OF GOODS
Authors: Nguyen Thinh D.
Published: August 2018

We prove the $\mathrm{NP}$-hardness of an optimization problem originating from algorithmic game theory. In this problem, we have a list containing each customer's ranking of some goods from a set $U$ of items in a store. We want to select a subset $L\subseteq U$ of goods from which each customer will buy their highest ranked item. The objective is to maximize the sum of the rank values of bought items.
PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN SEBAGAI PENDIDIKAN DEMOKRASI YANG BERKARAKTER
Authors: Lubis Maulana Arafat
Published: August 2018

Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pendidikan kewarganegaraan, pendidikan demokrasi, bentuk-bentuk karakter kewarganegaraan dan bagaimana PKn sebagai pendidikan demokrasi yang berkarakter. Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (PKn) diajarkan untuk menciptakan warga negara yang sesuai dengan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, agar menjadi warga negara yang dapat diandalkan oleh bangsa dan Negara. Karakter yang dimiliki oleh warga Negara meliputi: religius, jujur, toleransi, disiplin, kerja keras, kreatif, mandiri, demokratis, rasa ingin tahu, semangat kebangsaan, cinta tanah air, menghargai prestasi, bersahabat, cinta damai, gemar membaca, peduli lingkungan, peduli sosial dan tanggung jawab. Untuk menciptakan karakter tersebut harus diintegrasikan dalam pendidikan demokrasi yang masuk kelompok studi sosial (Social Studies).
Analisis Perbandingan Performa VPN IPSec dan ZRTP pada VoIP
Authors: iqbal muhammad , Noviantoro Galih Yogi , Amarudin
Published: August 2018

Protokol ZRTP berperan melakukan enkripsi data pada sistem komunikasi VoIP, serta adanya suatu teknologi jaringan komputer VPN IPsec dengan sistem melewatkan data dalam suatu ip private virtual atau sebagai tunnel untuk media transmisi data yang aman. Perbandingan performa pada penerapan kedua metode pengamanan data pada sistem komunikasi VoIP bertujuan untuk mengetahui protokol mana yang aman untuk diterapkan. Pada dasarnya ZRTP menggunakan pertukaran kunci Diffie-Hellman sebagai pertukaran kunci komunikasi antar client, yang mana kunci untuk komunikasi antar client tersebut menggunakan hash dari Diffie-Hellman dan dilakukan secara peer-to-peer melalui paket RTP VoIP. Sedangkan pada VPN IPsec terdapat protokol ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) yang berfungsi sebagai enkripsi dan membuat tunnel transport RTP pada sistem komunikasi VoIP. Acuan standarisasi pengukuran kualitas VoIP yaitu rekomendasi dari ITU (International Telecomunication Union) yang merupakan standarisasi internasional untuk mengukur kualitas suara dalam komunikasi telephone. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan variasi bandwidth 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, dan 1024 kbps. Parameter QoS (Quality of Service) yaitu delay, jitter, packet loss, dan throughput. Hasil pengujian QoS (Quality of Service) menunjukkan bahwa protokol VPN IPsec menghasilkan total delay rata-rata yang cukup rendah sebesar 69,78 % dibandingkan dengan VoIP ZRTP, throughputrata-rata yang lebih tinggi sebesar 15,53 % tetapi nilai jitter cukup tinggi dibadingkan dengan ZRTP. Sedangkan packet loss pada sistem komunikasi VoIP ZRTP menghasilkan nilai packet loss yang stabil yaitu 0 %, sedangkan untuk VoIP VPN IPsec menghasilkan packet loss mencapai 4,62 %.. MOS (Mean Opinion Score) menunjukan bahwa hasil perhitungan MOS Score yang menyatakan bahwa pemakaian limit bandwidth 128 kbps dan 256 kbps performa VoIP ZRTP lebih unggul sebesar 11,21 % dan 9,63 % dari performa VoIP VPN IPsec. Akan tetapi dalam pemakaian limit bandwidth 512 dan 1024 kbps performa VoIP VPN IPsec mulai mengalami peningkatan dan lebih unggul 1,18 % dan 3,23 % dari performa VoIP ZRTP.
PENGEMBANGAN NILAI KARAKTER PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR SESUAI PANCASILA SILA KEDUA KEMANUSIAAN YANG ADIL DAN BERADAB
Authors: Lubis Maulana Arafat
Published: August 2018

Pengembangan nilai karakter pada anak sekolah dasar sangatlah penting berdasarkan pancasila. Hal ini yang dibutuhkan dalam menanamkan suatu nilai maupun karakter terhadap peserta didik. Nilai merupakan seperangkat ide, gagasan, serta sesuatu yang berharga menurut standar logika, estetika etika, agama, dan hukum yang menjadi orientasi motivasi dalam berperilaku dan bersikap maka nilai yang dianut dapat dijadikan standar dalam mengukur suatu aktivitas. Karakter merupakan sebagai tabiat, watak, sifat-sifat kijiwaan, akhlak atau budi pekerti yang membedakan seseorang daripada yang lain. Pancasila sebagai dasar Negara Republik Indonesia ditetapkan pada tanggal 18 Agustus 1945. Sebagai dasar Negara maka nilai-nilai kehidupan bernegara dan pemerintahan sejak saat itu haruslah berdasarkan pada Pancasila, namun berdasarkan kenyataan, nilai-nilai yang ada dalam Pancasila tersebut telah dipraktikkan oleh nenek moyang bangsa Indonesia dan kita teruskan sampai sekarang. maka dari itu penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan suatu nilai karakter pada anak sekolah dasar sesuai pancasila sila kedua pada UUD 1945.
PERAN MEDIA KOMIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PKn YANG INOVATIF DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Lubis Maulana Arafat
Published: August 2018

Kemajuan pendidikan ditentukan oleh bagaimana cara guru mengemas proses pembelajaran yang terjadi di sekolah. Kualitas pembelajaran tergantung bagaimana guru dalam mengolah pembelajaran sehingga tujuan dari pendidikan tercapai dan proses pembelajaran menjadi inovatif dan menyenangkan sehingga para peserta didik tidak merasa bosan selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Pembentukan karakter pada peserta didik menjadi tujuan utama dalam pendidikan, oleh karena itu komik merupakan alat yang dapat membantu guru dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter yang terdapat di dalam komik.
THE ROLE OF COMIC MEDIA IN LEARNING OF INNOVATIVE CIVICS EDUCATION IN FORMING CHARACTER OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Lubis Maulana Arafat
Published: August 2018

Educational progress is determined by how teacher’s way to arrange the learning process that occurs in schools. The quality of learning depends on how the teacher runs the learning, so the goal of education is achieved, the learning process becomes innovative and fun and learners do not feel bored during the learning process takes place. The formation of students’ character becomes the main goal in education, therefore comic is a tool that can help teachers in instilling the values of characters contained in the comic.
PERAN MEDIA KOMIK DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER DAN KECERDASAN INTERPERSONAL SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Lubis Maulana Arafat , Azizan Nashran
Published: August 2018

Komik merupakan suatu media pembelajaran yang digunakan sebagai alat untuk membantu guru ketika terjadinya proses pembelajaran, yang di dalamnya mempunyai karakteristik sehingga siswa senang untuk membacanya. Bukan hanya gambar maupun cerita saja yang dimiliki isi komik, tetapi dapat membentuk karakter maupun kecerdasan interpersonal siswa khususnya pada anak Sekolah Dasar (SD). Untuk itu karakter harus sejalan dengan kecerdasan interpersonal dan tidak dapat dipisahkan, agar dapat mewujudkan generasi penerus bangsa sesuai apa yang di cita-citakan Indonesia.
PENERAPAN DIVERSI TERHADAP ANAK DALAM SISTEM HUKUM PIDANA INDONESIA
Authors: Eleanora Fransiska Novita
Published: August 2018

diversion is an transfer of settlement of cases of children who are suspected of a certain crimes from the formal criminal to peaceful settlement between the suspect/accused/offender with the victim facilitated by family and/or community, supervisor of community kids, prosecutor of a judge and provide and alternative to the settlement with the restorative justice.
PERAN MEDIA KOMIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PKN YANG INOVATIF DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Lubis Maulana Arafat
Published: August 2018

Kemajuan pendidikan ditentukan oleh bagaimana cara guru mengemas proses pembelajaran yang terjadi di sekolah. Kualitas pembelajaran tergantung bagaimana guru dalam mengolah pembelajaran sehingga tujuan dari pendidikan tercapai dan proses pembelajaran menjadi inovatif dan menyenangkan sehingga para peserta didik tidak merasa bosan selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Pembentukan karakter pada peserta didik menjadi tujuan utama dalam pendidikan, oleh karena itu komik merupakan alat yang dapat membantu guru dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter yang terdapat di dalam komik.
ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF FRESHWATER MICROALGAE IN MANINJAU LAKE WEST SUMATERA
Authors: chaidir zulkarnain , Fadjria Neri , Armaini  , Zainul Rahadian
Published: August 2018

Microalgae are photosynthetic prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. In this research, isolation of microalgae from Maninjau lake West Sumatra was identified by morphological and molecular identification by PCR using primers for 16S rDNA and 18S rDNA prokaryotic and eukaryotic microalgae. The results of this study were obtained 3 isolates of microalgae that can be isolated from Maninjau lake West Sumatra are Scenedesmus (code isolate AUMA-020) with a percent similarity of 95%, Uncultured cyanobacterium (code isolates AUMA-023) with a percent similarity of 80% and Limnothrix (code isolates AUMA-019) has a percent similarity of 98% based on data gene Bank blast results.
THE REVITALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM OF MANDAILING COMMUNITY AS LEARNING SOURCE OF ISLAMIC PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Lubis Maulana Arafat
Published: August 2018

Mandailing culture is part of Indonesia's diversity located in North Sumatra province. Local wisdom of Mandailing community can be used as a learning resource for students of Islamic primary school,so attitude of spiritual, social, knowledge and skills are formed. The local wisdom of the Mandailing community contains the learning resources that must be known and understood by Islamic primary school students such as (1) Ulos Mandailing, (2) Bagas Godang, (3) Amak Lampiasa, (4) Eating Kipang, (5) Marsialapari, (6) Harangan Rarangan, (7) Lubuk Larangan, (8) Marmalim Malim, (9) Gordang Sambilan, (10) Marpokat, (11) Naposo Nauli Bulung. Eleven parts of culture have meaning and values that become the basis of education to students as early as possible. The quality of learning in schools is determined by how the teacher do the learning process in class so that the learning goal can be achieved effectively and efficiently. The use of learning resources becomes one of the things that must be paid attention in the learning process. Integrating Mandailing local wisdom as a learning resource can facilitate the level of students’ understanding and can maintain ancestors’ relics that begin to fade with the changing times.
Characterization of napa soil and adsorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solutions using on column method
Authors: Mawardi  , Sanjaya Harry , Zainul Rahadian
Published: August 2018

This research aim to investigate and characterization Napa soil at West Sumatera, Indonesia. Napa soil is one of the biggest mineral soil in sumatera island, especially at West Sumatera. Napa soil was characterized using XRD, XRF and morphology SEM. The biggest composition in Napa soil is zeolite that can be used as adsorbant, for removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solutions by column method. The evaluated parameters were optimum pH, initial concentration, particle size and flow rate. The optimum condition was at pH=4, that is 11.146 mg/g, concentration begin optimum 250 mg/L be obtained the as big as adsorption capasity 9.195 mg/g, adsorbent heating that optimum be got to heating temperature 125oC with adsorption capacity is 9,480 mg/g, the particle size that optimum be obtained to size 830-350 µm with adsorption capacity is 11.323 g/g whereas the optimum flow rate 20 drop/minute with adsorption capasity that is 11.21 mg/g. To use it equalization adsorption Langmuir to get the maximum adsorption capacity is 24.39 mg/g. This study revealed that Napa soil is a very good adsorbent to remove Pb (II) from waste water as the substitutes of more expensive synthetic material.
Measurement of Glycemic Index of West Sumatera Local Rice Genotypes for Healthy Food Selection
Authors: Anhar Azwir , Sumarmin Ramadhan , Zainul Rahadian
Published: August 2018

Basically, patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is not curable, but they can still a life if controlled. Diabetes can be controlled through management that includes education, food, exercise and medication therapy. Diabetes mellitus is a disease associated with lifestyle. Therefore, success depends on the management of diabetes mellitus patients themselves in changing behavior. One of the changes in behavior is very significant in controlling diabetes is the choice of foods that have a glycemic index or glycemic activity (GI) is low. Reviews these are foods, glucose of able to control blood levels because of decay takes place slowly, and the fluctuation is not high. Rice as the main staple of the Indonesian population has a major role in controlling diabetes, as glycemic activity is varied from low to high. Therefore, glicogenic activity information from a source of staple food consumption is needed. Until the present time, the glycemic index or glycemic activity of various genotypes of rice paddy rice in West Sumatra is still limited.The study was conducted in a laboratory, using experimental animals (mice). Treatments are six types of rice paddy rice genotypes with four replications. The results Showed that Among the six genotypes of the dominant local paddy rice grows in West Sumatra has a glycemic index ranges from moderate to high. Three genotypes were classified as moderate glycemic index is Randah Putiah (63) and Mundam (65). In contrast, Cantiak Manih (66), Ciredek (76), Bakwan (77) and Anak Daro (71) has a glycemic index are relatively high.
Synthesis and Electrical Properties of ZnO-ITO and Al-ITO thin Film by Spin Coating Technique Through Sol Gel Process
Authors: Hardeli  , Sanjaya Harry , Zainul Rahadian
Published: August 2018

In this research we has investigated synthesis and electrical properties of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) thin layers doping Aluminum (Al) and ZnO with spin-coating technique through sol-gel process and calcined at ±550 ºC for 1 hour. Effect of Al and ZnO doping on the conductivity of ITO with 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% w/v dopant concentration and the number of coating (4 and 5 layers) has reported. ITO-Al has 2 phases, these are rhombohedral and cubic, the crystal size is 67.31 nm. Meanwhile, ITO-ZnO are rhombohedral, cubic (bixbyite) and hexagonal (wurtzite), with crystallite size value was 67.4 nm. The surface morphology data indicated film thickness was 3.4 µm (ITO-Al) and 0.974 nm (ITO-ZnO). The electrical properties shows that the optimum film in 4 layers coating with the addition of 5% doping value was 17 kΩ/cm2 (ITO-Al) and 5-layered by addition of 5% of doping ZnO (80.800 kΩ/cm2). Meanwhile, ITO-Al thin film with 4 layers coating without doping was 9.331 kΩ / cm2, and for ITO-ZnO (5 layers) coating without doping was 11.796 kΩ/cm2. Al and ZnO doping decrease the electrical conductivity of ITO.
CYBER CRIME DAN PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Eleanora Fransiska Novita
Published: August 2018

computer crime (cyber crime) is a crime harm the consumers, especially in the field of commerce between business perpetrators and consumers. The method is bibliography study, the result show that the law of protection consumer ordinance (UUPK) cannot reach or give protection to consumers in particular which to cyber crime because the law is assumed to be week in doing in tackling and protection related to consumer rights.
Investigating performance in a strenuous physical task from the perspective of self-control
Authors: Giboin Louis-Solal , Gruber Markus , Schüler Julia , Wolff Wanja
Published: August 2018

It has been proposed that a primary reason why physical effort is perceived as costly is because of the self-control demands that are necessary to persist in a physically demanding task. The application of control has been conceptualized as a value-based decision that hinges on an optimization of the costs of control and available reward. Here, we drew on labor supply theory to investigate the effects of an Income Compensated Wage Decrease (ICWD) on persistence in a strenuous physical task. Research has shown that an ICWD reduced the amount of self-control participants are willing to apply and we expected this to translate to performance decrement in a strenuous physical task. Contrary to our expectations, participants in the ICWD group outperformed the control group in terms of persistence, without incurring higher levels of muscle fatigue or ratings of perceived exertion. Improved performance was accompanied by increases in task efficiency and a lesser increase in oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex, an area of relevance for the application of self-control. These results suggest that the relationship between the regulation of physical effort and self-control is more complicated than initially assumed: Less top-down self-control might allow for more efficient execution of motor tasks and thereby allowing for improved performance. Moreover, these findings indicate that psychological manipulations can affect physical performance without modulating how much one is willing to deplete limited physical resources but by altering how tasks are executed.
Psychosocial Stress Increases Craving for Alcohol in Social Drinkers: Effects of Risk-Taking
Authors: Clay James M , Adams Cameron , Archer Peter , English Mark , Hyde Abbey , Parker Matthew O , Stafford Lorenzo
Published: August 2018

BackgroundExposure to stress and trait impulsivity are independent predictors of relapse in recovering alcoholics, but potential mechanisms that link these two risk-factors in terms of their putative additive or interactive contributions to relapse are not known. The aim of this study was to use a model of stress-induced relapse to test the hypothesis that acute psychosocial stress increases craving for alcohol in social drinkers. We also tested the hypothesis that change in craving could be explained by variability in impulsivity and risk-taking.MethodsParticipants completed questionnaires to assess drinking behaviour (Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire [ADQ]; and an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT]), craving (Desires for Alcohol Questionnaire [DAQ] and impulsivity (Barrett Impulsiveness Scale [BIS]). Participants also completed two computer tasks to assess risk-taking and impulsivity, the Balloon Analogue Risk Test (BART) and a continuous performance task (CPT). Participants then underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), and completed a final DAQ to assess post-stress craving.ResultsParticipants showed an increase in craving following exposure to the TSST. In addition, risk-taking was positively correlated with change in craving.ConclusionsOur data suggests that acute psychosocial stress increases subjective craving in social drinkers, but that the effects may be trait-dependent, with stress-induced increases in craving correlated with risk-taking.
Gossip drives vicarious learning and facilitates social connection
Authors: Jolly Eshin , Chang Luke J.
Published: August 2018

Complex language and communication is one of the unique hallmarks that distinguishes humans from most other animals. Interestingly, the overwhelming majority of our communication consists of social topics involving self-disclosure and discussions about others, broadly construed as gossip. Yet the precise social function of gossip remains poorly understood as research has been heavily influenced by folk intuitions narrowly casting gossip as baseless trash talk. Using a novel empirical paradigm that involves real interactions between a large sample of participants we provide evidence that gossip is a rich, multifaceted construct, that plays a critical role in vicarious learning and social bonding. We demonstrate how the visibility or lack thereof of others’ behavior shifts conversational content between self-disclosure and discussions about others. Social information acquired through gossip aids in vicarious learning, directly influencing future behavior and impression formation. At the same time, conversants come to influence each other, form more similar impressions, and build robust social bonds. Consistent with prior work, gossip also helps promote cooperation in groups without a need for formal sanctioning mechanisms. Altogether these findings demonstrate the rich and diverse social functions and effects of this ubiquitous human behavior and lay the groundwork for future investigations.
The Network Structure of Tobacco Withdrawal in a Community Sample of Smokers Treated with Nicotine Patch and Behavioral Counseling
Authors: Lydon-Staley David M. , Schnoll Robert , Hitsman Brian , Bassett Danielle S
Published: August 2018

Introduction. Network theories of psychopathology highlight that, rather than being indicators of a latent disorder, symptoms of disorders can causally interact with one another in a network. The present study examined tobacco withdrawal from a network perspective. Methods. Participants (n = 525, 50.67% female) completed the Minnesota Tobacco Withdrawal Scale (MTWS) four times (2 weeks prior to a target quit day, on the target quit day, and 4 and 8 weeks after the target quit day) over the course of 8 weeks of treatment with nicotine patch and behavioral counseling within a randomized clinical trial testing long-term nicotine patch therapy in treatment-seeking smokers. The conditional dependence among 7 withdrawal symptoms was estimated at each of the four measurement occasions. Influential symptoms of withdrawal were identified using centrality indices. Changes in network structure were examined using the network comparison test. Results. Findings indicated many significant associations among the individual symptoms of withdrawal. The strongest associations that emerged were between sleep problems and restlessness, and associations among affective symptoms. Restlessness and affective symptoms emerged as the most central symptoms in the withdrawal networks. Minimal differences in the structure of the withdrawal networks emerged across time. Conclusions. The co-occurrence of withdrawal symptoms may result from interactions among symptoms of withdrawal rather than simply reflecting passive indicators of a latent disorder. Findings encourage greater consideration of individual withdrawal symptoms and their potential interactions and may be used to generate hypotheses that may be tested in future intensive longitudinal studies.
Mental Technologies: mental acquisition of information and influence at distance on the behaviour, physiology and emotions of human beings, and on biological and physical targets
Authors: Tressoldi Patrizio , Pederzoli Luciano
Published: August 2018

Even though it is still difficult for many to accept that our minds have the ability to influence and acquire information at a distance, that is to say, by unconventional means, there have already been several attempts to apply these abilities. This paper provides a review of state-of-the-art practical applications of our mind’s ability to obtain information at a distance, even from the future, and its ability to influence, always distantly and unconventionally, the behaviour, emotions, and physiology of human beings and biological and physical targets. Within the rich variety of these applications, some are already common outside the sphere of pure scientific research because their efficacy has by now been validated, while others’ applicability still require fine-tuning so that they too, in a not too distant future, become real mental technologies.