bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Rolle Kurmainzer Diplomaten beim Frieden von Rijswijk 1697
Authors: Dittmar Sven
Published: January 2025

Der mit dem Frieden von Rijswijk beendete Neunjährige Krieg verheerte das geographisch exponierte Mainzer Erzstift nachhaltig. Die französischen Zerstörungen vor allem in der benachbarten Pfalz prägten langfristig das Bild der deutsch-französischen ‚Erbfeindschaft‘. Der Artikel fragt nach den Folgen dieser Kriegszerstörungen für den Prozess des Friedensschließens am Beispiel der Kurmainzer Diplomatie auf dem Rijswijker Friedenskongress. Neben der Rolle von möglichen erfahrungsbedingten Ressentiments gegen den Kriegsgegner und die (protestantischen) Verbündeten wird insbesondere die Bedeutung der exponierten strategischen Lage, der Konfession und der phasenweisen Annäherung an Frankreich für die Kurmainzer Positionierung in den Fokus genommen. Zur Durchsetzung seiner Interessen und Vorstellungen konnte der Mainzer Kurfürst Lothar Franz von Schönborn neben seinen erfahrenen Diplomaten Wolf Philipp von Schrottenberg, Melchior Friedrich von Schönborn und Ignaz Anton Otten als Reichserzkanzler mittels seiner Direktorialrechte seinen Einfluss insbesondere auf die reichsständischen Diplomaten in Rijswijk geltend machen.
Des V2 à Ariane 6. La dimension spatiale de la réconciliation franco-allemande
Authors: Dubois Lise
Published: January 2025

L’histoire spatiale mondiale commence en 1942 dans l’Allemagne nazie, lorsqu’une fusée, le V2, franchit pour la première fois le seuil de l’espace extra-atmosphérique. Pourtant, les activités spatiales ont été un instrument politique de réconciliation entre la France et la République fédérale d’Allemagne (RFA). Préparée par les débuts de la construction européenne dans les années 1950, la réconciliation spatiale a été formalisée au début des années 1960, dans le contexte de l’affrontement stratégique entre les États-Unis et l’URSS. En dépit de leurs priorités nationales et internationales divergentes, les deux pays ont su cependant forger des compromis, dont témoigne le succès de la fusée Ariane, et porter une ambition commune, celle de construire l’Europe spatiale, dont ils demeurent le moteur jusqu’à nos jours.
How to Undo Things and Selves with Words: Understanding Literature as Praxis in Virginia Woolf’s Essays on Actresses
Authors: Marie Caroline
Published: January 2025

Virginia Woolf reflects on her own medium in relation to the notion of personality. This article reads her essay “Personalities” (1947), in which she explores the reader’s response to the personalities of writers, in light of three essays that discuss the art of acting embodied by three celebrated nineteenth-century actresses, “The Memoirs of Sarah Bernhardt” (1908), “Rachel” (1911) and “Ellen Terry” (1941). It argues that Woolf theatricalises literature to understand it through the art of acting, in particular the building up of characters. Actresses embodying nineteenth-century acting, Ellen Terry, Sarah Bernhard and Rachel, as well as Woolf’s contemporary Lydia Lopokova, whose performance is reviewed in “Twelfth Night at the Old Vic” (1933), mediate Woolf’s reflection on literature from different perspectives: writing with the body, reading with gestures, creating from anecdotes, and becoming other.
Théo Martin, Les sentinelles de l’étable. Robotisation de la traite et nouvelle division du travail dans l'élevage laitier français
Authors: Martin Théo
Published: January 2025

Cette thèse propose une lecture critique des promesses portées par la robotique agricole quant à l’amélioration, voire la substitution, du travail humain. À partir d’une relecture historique de la modernisation de la production laitière de deux petites régions agricoles (1945-2020), le développement du machinisme de la traite apparaît consubstantiel d’une division accrue du travail au sein de l’exploitation agricole et en dehors. Depuis la fin des années 2000, la robotisation de la traite connaît un développement soutenu et participe d’une intensification de cette redistribution technique et sociale du travail. Cette division du travail accompagne la nouvelle organisation temporelle du travail indispensable à la mise en flux de la production laitière. Alors que le salariat est rendu plus attractif, le travail de l’éleveur s’inscrit dans une fenêtre temporelle élargie au sein de laquelle se maintient son autoexploitation.
The role of oligopolies and economic groups in accelerating inflation in recent Argentina
Authors: Manzanelli Pablo , Amoretti Leandro
Published: January 2025

This article seeks to contribute to the analysis of non-monetary aspects of inflation, focusing on the price escalation in 2021–2022, when the pace of inflation accelerated in the Argentine economy. The article examines the impact of market concentration and corporate conglomeration strategy on the variation in relative prices or, according to the Latin-American structuralist view, on the “downward stickiness” of prices following the international shock that resulted in a significant increase in corporate profit margins. Against the backdrop of the “high inflation” phase that the Argentine economy is facing due to both the international price shock in the aftermath of the pandemic and to the war in Ukraine, the contribution of this research is to show that oligopolistic branches operating in the manufacturing sector have opened the way to the acceleration in prices. The most significant increases can be observed in highly concentrated branches in which local economic groups or foreign conglomerates are clearly predominant. This, among other possible factors, has allowed those branches to increase their profit margins as their prices rose in excess of the prices of imported inputs and the rest of wholesale prices, and of their wage costs. This evidence not only connects with the international debate about the characteristics of inflationary processes in core countries but it is also a contribution, albeit a preliminary one, that addresses the stickiness of the Argentine economy when it comes to decelerating the rise in prices after an “initial impetus”.
Usages et effets de la microsimulation dans l’élaboration d’une réforme. Un nouvel éclairage sur la création du RSA
Authors: Bessis Franck , Cotton Paul
Published: January 2025

Do economists make policies? Cet article reprend à nouveaux frais cette question classique en cherchant à saisir la capacité de l’évaluation par microsimulation à contribuer au travail de conception d’une réforme. En prenant pour cas la création du Revenu de Solidarité Active, intervenue entre 2005 et 2008, nous mettons au jour trois principaux usages de cet instrument d’expertise économique. Un usage démonstratif, produisant des effets de réalité : les chiffrages obtenus permettent de rendre un projet plus concret et plus crédible. Un usage exploratoire, produisant des effets de connaissance : simuler conduit à formuler de nouvelles questions et concevoir des réponses inédites au regard du projet initial. Un usage déductif enfin, permettant de traduire les arbitrages politiques et de saturer les contraintes qui en résultent pour obtenir un paramétrage précis de la réforme. L’article vient ainsi combler le vide laissé par tout un ensemble travaux sur la création du RSA qui ont largement passé sous silence la microsimulation en raison d’une attention focalisée sur les débats autour de ses expérimentations et des incitations.
Capital Mix and Firm Value Industrial Sector Comparison: Colombo Stock Exchange
Authors: Wanigasekara W. A. D. K. J. , Fernando N. D. H. , Jayalath J. A. T. S.
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to examine the impact of a firm's capital mix on its value. There was a methodological gap in the capital mix literature, which focused highly on the single or all industrial sectors as an average. Hence, to fill this gap, this study compared the impact of capital mix on the firm value of five industrial sectors in the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE). The capital mix, the study's independent variable, was measured through the Debt Ratio (DR) and Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER). In contrast, the firm value, the study's dependent variable, was measured using the Market-to-Book Value Ratio (MBVR). The data of 101 Public Limited Companies was collected for 11 years from 2012 to 2022. The findings revealed a significant negative impact of DR on MBVR in the capital goods sector and Food, Beverage and Tobacco sector an insignificant negative impact of DR on MBVR in the consumer durables sector, material sector, and real estate management and development sector. Further, it reveals a significant positive impact of DER on MBVR in capital goods sector and real estate management and development sector and an insignificant positive impact of DER on MBVR in consumer durables sector, material sector, and Food, Beverage and Tobacco sector in CSE. When the industry average was considered, a significant positive impact of DR and an insignificant positive impact of DER were found on MBVR. Finally, the conclusion derived from the study was that the impact of capital mix on firm value was not equivalent in different industrial sectors in the Sri Lankan context. It is recommended to have a separate investigation of the impact of capital mix on firm value for different industrial sectors.
Moderating Role of Firm Age on the Nexus Between Corporate Governance and Sources of Finance: Empirical Evidence from Sri Lanka
Authors: Anandasayanan S.
Published: January 2025

Corporate governance and sources of finance are two critical components of a company's overall financial management and business strategy. The sources of finance are crucial for businesses, governments, and individuals to fund their activities, investments, and operations. Older firms usually have a more stable financial history, which gives them better access to various sources of finance. The objective of this study is to find out the moderating role of firm’s age on the nexus between corporate governance mechanism and sources of finance of listed companies in CSE. In order to attain this research objective, secondary data, which were taken from the 50 selected companies’ annual reports retrieved from CSE official webpage, have been used. Data garnered from these annual reports belong to the period from 2016 to 2021. To measure the corporate governance mechanism, Board size, composition of the board, CEO duality and institutional ownership were taken as explanatory variables. Whereas sources of financing are measured by debt-to-equity ratio, debt to total asset ratio and current liability to total asset ratio. To ascertain the main objective of this survey, the Hierarchical regression models were applied. In accordance with the results, board size, CEO duality and institutional ownership have significantly positive impact on sources of finance. Meanwhile the findings confirmed that firm age has the significant moderating role on the factors such as board size, CEO duality and institutional ownership. These findings depict that companies which adopt the proper corporate governance mechanism can easily access the essential sources of finance when they are in need.
Age-related changes in the impact of metabolic syndrome on prostate volume: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yang Guo-Rong , Lv Chao , Lv Kai-Kai , Wu Yang-Yang , Hao Xiao-Wei , Yuan Qing , Song Tao
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components on prostate volume (PV) in the general Chinese population. In total, 43 455 participants in The First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital (Beijing, China) from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2022, undergoing health examinations were included in the study. Participants were categorized into four groups according to PV quartiles: Q1 (PV ≤24.94 ml), Q2 (PV >24.94 ml and ≤28.78 ml), Q3 (PV >28.78 ml and ≤34.07 ml), and Q4 (PV >34.07 ml), with Q1 serving as the reference group. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between MetS and PV, with subgroup analyses conducted by age. Among the participants, 18 787 (43.2%) were diagnosed with MetS. In the multivariate analysis model, a significant correlation between MetS and PV was observed, with odds ratios (ORs) increasing as PV increased (Q2, OR = 1.203, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.139–1.271; Q3, OR = 1.300, 95% CI: 1.230–1.373; and Q4, OR = 1.556, 95% CI: 1.469–1.648). Analysis of MetS components revealed that all components were positively associated with PV, with abdominal obesity showing the most significant effect. The number of MetS components was identified as a dose-dependent risk factor for elevated PV. The impact of MetS, its components, and component count on PV exhibited a decreasing trend with advancing age. Overall, the influence of MetS, its components, and component count on PV was predominantly observed in the age groups of 40–49 years and 50–59 years. Early intervention targeting MetS can significantly alleviate the increase in PV, particularly benefiting individuals aged 40–59 years who have abdominal obesity.
Transforming Diabetes Care through Self-care: The Role of Customized Nutrition Plans and Carbohydrate Tracking in Achieving Weight Regulation and Improved Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Olorunfemi Olaolorunpo , Oni Opemipo Faith , Owoyomi Deborah Oluwaseun
Published: January 2025

Diabetes management necessitates balanced nutrition, carbohydrate intake, and weight control. Self-care theory enables patients to make educated decisions, resulting in better health outcomes. This review assesses the impact of personalized diet plans and carbohydrate tracking, guided by Self-Care Theory, on weight regulation and overall diabetes management. A literature review was conducted, analyzing studies on personalized diet interventions, carbohydrate tracking, and Self-Care Theory in diabetes management, using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Pro-Quest, and Science Direct to identify relevant articles from 2018 to 2024. The findings demonstrate that personalized diet plans combined with carbohydrate tracking significantly improve weight regulation and glycemic control in diabetic patients. Incorporating self-care theory enhances patient engagement, leading to sustained behavior change and better long-term outcomes. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of customized nutrition and carbohydrate tracking as vital components of diabetes management, demonstrating their potential to improve patient self-management and overall health through a structured, theory-driven approach.
Incidence, causative agents and outcomes of ventilator associated tracheobronchitis
Authors: Dwedar Amira M. , El-magd Gehan H. A. , Elkhalek Hanan S. A. , Attia Ghada A.
Published: January 2025

Background

Ventilator-associated tracheo-bronchitis (VAT) is a widespread infection in both surgical and medical intensive care units (ICU). VAT patients have high rates of morbidity and mortality as well as higher medical expenses.

Objective

To study incidence, causative organisms and outcomes of VAT in mechanically ventilated patients.

Methods

This study was conducted on 70 patients whose age was greater than 18 years and have been mechanichally ventilated greater than 48 h. According to the diagnostic criteria of VAT, patients were divided into two groups: group I included 30 patients without VAT, while group II included 40 VAT patients. Outcomes of the patients were followed-up regarding time span of ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, development of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), and mortality in the ICU.

Results

Incidence of VAT was 40/95 (42.1%), Klibseala pneumonie was the most frequent isolated causative agent in 14 (35.0%) of group II. As compared with group I, VAT was substantially related with longer ICU stays and longer duration of mechanical ventilation, seven patients with VAT developed VAP. No discernible statistical difference was found in mortality between the two groups.(13.3% vs. 30%), univariate and multivariate analysis showed that significant predictors of higher risk factors were HCO3, Colony forming unit greater than 105 and isolated organism Acinetobacter.

Conclusion

VAT is a transitional stage between colonization of the lower respiratory tract and VAP. The greater incidence of VAT requires additional studies to establish protocols in critical care units.
Relations between the standardized uptake value of 18F-FDG-PET/CT and demographic, clinical, pathological, and radiological factors in lung cancer
Authors: Abdel-Hamid Hossam M.
Published: January 2025

Background

FDG-PET/CT is considered a noninvasive method for mediastinal staging and functional assessment of lung cancer. Standardized uptake value maximum (SUVmax) estimates the activity of the tumor and its aggressiveness.

Aim

To measure the relation of clinical, demographic, radiological factors, histopathology, and SUVmax in patients of bronchogenic carcinoma.

Patients and methods

The study was a prospective cross-sectional study on 47 confirmed lung cancer patients admitted to the Chest Department of Ain Shams University Hospital from April 2022 to May 2023. Demographic data, clinical examination, complete blood count, tumor site and size in CT chest or PET-CT, histopathology, and SUVmax values in PET-CT scans with staging according to the 8th TNM system were done. SUVmax relation with all parameters was done.

Results

In this study, the relation between age, smoking habits (P=0.60), comorbidities (P=0.18), and tumor SUVmax was not significant. No relation between tumor characteristics: site (P=0.27), histopathology (P=0.46), extrapulmonary metastases including mediastinal lymph node (P=0.09), and tumor SUVmax. Positive significant correlation between tumor size, T staging, and tumor SUVmax. No correlation between age, pack year, N staging, M staging, TNM staging, and tumor SUVmax. No significant correlation was found between laboratory tests: TLC count, HB count, platelet count, and tumor SUVmax. No relation between tumor histopathology and tumor site (P=0.32), with no significant relation between tumor histopathology and patients age (P=0.77), pack year (P=0.89), or tumor size (P=0.07).

Conclusion

Tumor size and T staging positively correlated with SUVmax. SUVmax was higher in squamous cell carcinoma patients with no statistically significant relation.
The correlation between the diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage cellular analysis, clinical, pulmonary function and radiological findings in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: Hasswa Mohamed K. , Abdelghany Mohammed A. , Behairy Mahmoud A. , Tantawy Ahmed A.
Published: January 2025

Background

The lungs are the main organs affected by the systemic granulomatous disease sarcoidosis, which has an unclear etiology. Computerized tomography is now the mainstay for diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary sarcoidosis. For diagnosis, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is useful since a ratio of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)/CD8 T cells greater than 3.5 is predictive of sarcoidosis.

Aim

Assess the relationship between the baseline clinical, spirometric, radiological characteristics and the BALF results in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Patients and methods

This is a cross-sectional analytic study comprising 56 patients (aged >18 years) who had just been diagnosed with pulmonary sarcoidosis and were admitted to the Chest Department of Kasr Alainy Hospital at Cairo University. Spirometric tests using a flow-volume loop, high resolution computed tomography chest and bronchoalveolar lavage (cellular analysis and CD4/CD8 ratio) were performed.

Results

Based on the BALF analysis of all the 56 patients, the lymphocytic BAL was 89.3% and the mean CD4/CD8 was 3.3 ± 1.95 (0.65–9.43). The BALF and clinical data correlate well, with lymphocytic BAL being more strongly linked to dyspnea (93.6%) and cough (66.7%) than polymorphs BAL with P value 0.046.This alsoo related to spirometric data, where a lower forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (mean 66.8 ± 11.62) was linked to lymphocytic BAL compared with polymorphs BAL (mean 72.17 ± 3.97) with P value of 0.032. however, there is no correlation with radiological results.

Conclusion

The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is supported by BALF analysis but should not be considered diagnostic by itself. Clinical and spirometric results are correlated with it. However, there is no correlation with radiological results.
Incidental finding of combined jugular phlebectasia and carotid medialization in a patient with severe kyphosis
Authors: Alharthi Bader J. , Elgamal Essam A. , Salima Eman R. , Althomali Nada M. , Elgamal Mohamed I.
Published: January 2025

Out of the previously published case studies, this is the first case presentation of combined vascular anomalies, including right internal jugular vein phlebectasia and left internal carotid artery medialization in a patient with severe kyphosis. A condition associated with a double risk of fatal arterial and venous hemorrhages from surgical and nonsurgical interventions.
Performance of pulmonary embolism risk scores in predicting mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Magdy Doaa M. , Salama Suzan , Abdelraheem Nourhan S. , Mahmoud Sahar R.
Published: January 2025

Background

The overall mortality rate from acute pulmonary embolism (PE) may be increased up to 20% relying on patients factors at first presentation. Thus, management decisions are mainly dependent on the estimation of the risk of mortality.

Aim

To compare the prognostic accuracies of different risk assessment scores (PESI score, PERFORM score, and Shock index) in predicting mortality in patients diagnosed with acute PE.

Patients and methods

60 patients presented with PE diagnosed by computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) were conducted in this study. Demographics (age, sex, smoking status, and risk factors) were recorded. Pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI), PERFORM score, and Shock index were calculated on hospital admission.

Results

A number of 60 CTPA confirmed PE cases were included in the current study, and the mean age of 50.03 years; 66.7% were females and 30% were current smokers. The predictive ability of different studied scores for prediction of mortality by using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis was as follows: for PESI score at a cutoff point greater than or equal to 85 points; the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve area under the curve (AUC) was 92.3% having a sensitivity of 85.2% and specificity of 100%. While PERFORM score at a cutoff value of greater than or equal to 6 points; the AUC was 75.8% with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 72.2%. For shock index at a cutoff value of greater than or equal to 1.06 points; the AUC was 75.5% with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 70%. It was observed that the older age group, lower PaO2, higher PESI score, higher PERFORM score, and higher shock index were significant predictors for mortality.

Conclusion

PESI score is more effective in predicting mortality of PE patients than the PERFORM score and Shock index.
Outcome of patients admitted to respiratory intensive care unit with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive lung disease
Authors: Alkhayat Khaled F. , Atta Kamal , Ali Abdellah , Elkholi Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is now the third leading cause of death in the United States, and its rising mortality trend is unique among the top 5 causes of death.

Aim

Was to evaluate the outcome of patients admitted to respiratory intensive care unit (ICU) with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) and to compare different methods of management.

Patients and methods

This prospective study was carried out on 83 patients (57 males and 26 females) admitted to respiratory ICU, Chest Department, Sohag University Hospitals during the period from September 2019 to July 2020. All patients were subjected to complete history taking, clinical examination, and routine laboratory investigation. Patients also were subjected to chest radiographs, ECG, and echocardiography, modified Allen test was performed to ensure adequate collateral circulation from ulnar artery. Patients were divided into two groups: noninvasive ventilation (NIV) group (n=59) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (n=24).

Results

There was a statistical difference between the two groups as regards the duration of ICU stay, which was higher in IMV group with mean of 9.92 ± 4.84 days versus 4.69 ± 1.55 days in NIV group (P≤0.0001), and the need for tracheostomy which was higher in IMV group with six (25.00%) patients versus four (6.78%) in NIV group (P=0.03). Occurrences of complications after weaning were statistically higher in the IMV group, with 14 (58.33%) patients versus 16 (27.12%) in the NIV group (P=0.007).

Conclusion

Creatinine, K, and pneumonia in radiograph, computed tomography, or sonar were significant independent predictors of mortality in AECOPD. Glasgow coma scale, K, and pneumonia in radiograph were significant independent predictors of occurrence of complications in AECOPD. Hypertension, admission pulse, admission temperature and IMV versus NIV were significant independent factors affecting duration of ICU stay in AECOPD.
Mumps Myelitis—A Rare Cause of Myelitis
Authors: Bansal Kshitij , Chawla Tanushree , Goyal Chanchal , Goyal Vinay
Published: January 2025

This report presents a rare case of acute transverse myelitis (ATM) after mumps infection in a 33-year-old male. Symptoms included fever, parotid and scrotal swelling, and subsequent sensory-motor paraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed long-segment spinal cord hyperintensity, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed pleocytosis and elevated protein, with positive mumps virus antibodies. Treatment with high-dose pulse steroids resulted in significant improvement. This underscores the association between mumps and ATM in adults, suggesting an autoimmune-inflammatory mechanism. The favorable response to steroid therapy emphasizes its efficacy in managing mumps-associated ATM. Recognizing such neurological complications is crucial for prompt diagnosis and appropriate intervention.
Opsoclonus Myoclonus Ataxia Syndrome: An Atypical Presentation of Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Gupta Diksha , Palayullakandi Achanya , Sopanam Suthiraj , Panda Prateek Kumar , Sharawat Indar Kumar
Published: January 2025

Opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome (OMAS) is a rare neuroinflammatory disorder that is typically associated with paraneoplastic and postinfectious processes. Opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome has not been previously reported in association with tuberculous meningitis (TBM). This report presents a unique case in which TBM manifested as OMAS, highlighting the complex interplay between tuberculosis and autoimmune neurological conditions. A 1.5-year-old previously healthy girl, presented with acute-onset jerky movements, opsoclonus, irritability, and reduced sleep over 4 weeks. A neurological examination revealed opsoclonus, irritability, generalized tremulousness, and fragmentary myoclonus. Neuroimaging was suggestive of TBM. A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis indicated lymphocytic pleocytosis with positive CSF cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test results for tuberculosis. The patient was treated with methylprednisolone pulse therapy, intravenous immunoglobulins, and anti-tuberculous therapy (ATT). Significant symptom improvement was observed within 2 weeks. This case underscores a rare association between OMAS and TBM, demonstrating that tuberculosis can trigger OMAS through autoimmune mechanisms. A timely diagnosis and treatment with ATT and immunotherapy can lead to substantial recovery.
КОМПЛЕКСНЫЙ ПОДХОД К ВЕДЕНИЮ ПОЖИЛОГО КОМОРБИДНОГО ПАЦИЕНТА С НЕТОКСИЧЕСКИМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ, САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ И ОСТЕОПОРОЗОМ
Authors: Доскина Е.В. , Ильина Е.С.
Published: January 2025

С увеличением продолжительности жизни наблюдается рост числа коморбидных заболеваний у пациентов. Цель пилотного исследования – оценить эффективность и безопасность препарата Альба® (первый стандартизированный фитопрепарат) у коморбидных пациентов пожилого возраста с узловым или диффузным нетоксическим зобом, сахарным диабетом 2-го типа и остеопорозом. Ни у одного из пациентов не выявлено изменений в гормональном статусе – уровни ТТГ, свТ3 и свТ4 находились в пределах референсных значений. На протяжении всего срока наблюдения не обнаружено статистически достоверных изменений в титрах тиреоидных гормонов и антител. При анализе данных ультразвукового исследования щитовидной железы отмечена статистически значимая положительная динамика у пациентов, получавших препарат Альба® в дозе 1 капсула 2 раза в день. Установлены безопасность и эффективность включения препарата Альба® в дозе 1 капсула 2 раза в день в комплексную терапию у пожилых коморбидных пациентов с нетоксическими заболеваниями щитовидной железы, сахарным диабетом и остеопорозом.

With increasing life expectancy, there is an increase in the number of comorbid diseases in patients. The purpose of the pilot study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Alba® (the first standardized herbal medicine) in comorbid patients with nodular or diffuse nontoxic goiter of elderly age with type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. None of the patients showed any changes in hormonal status – TSH, T3 and T4 free were within the reference values. There were no statistically significant changes in the titers of thyroid hormones and antibodies in both groups during the entire follow-up period. When analyzing the thyroid ultrasound data, a statistically significant positive trend was noted in patients receiving the drug Alba® at a dose of 1 capsule 2 times a day. The safety and effectiveness of the inclusion of the drug Alba in a dose of 1 capsule 2 times a day in complex therapy in an elderly comorbid patient with non-toxic thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis were revealed.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ СОРБЕНТОВ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ АНТИБИОТИКОВ
Authors: Кнорринг Г.Ю.
Published: January 2025

Энтеросорбция является одним из основных компонентов дезинтоксикационной и патогенетической терапии при кишечных инфекциях, а также при антибиотик-ассоциированной диарее. В этих случаях наличие в полости кишечника энтеросорбента (ЭС) способствует ограничению эффекта причинных факторов диарейного синдрома: самой кишечной микрофлоры, продуктов кишечного метаболизма, бактериальных токсинов, продуктов воспаления, ксенобиотиков и др. ЭС в составе комплексной терапии существенно повышают клиническую и санирующую эффективность антибактериального лечения, снижая при этом выраженность диарейного синдрома, независимо от этиологии и типа диареи. Применение энтеросорбции при антибиотик-ассоциированной диарее имеет патогенетическое обоснование, а также как метод включено в существующие рекомендации. Современные комбинированные ЭС на основе углерода и оксида алюминия (Энтерумин®) расширяют палитру терапевтических возможностей лечения диареи, в том числе связанной с приемом антибиотиков.

Enterosorption is one of the main components of detoxification and pathogenetic therapy in intestinal infections, as well as in antibiotic-associated diarrhea. In these cases, the presence of a enterosorbent (ES) in the intestinal cavity contributes to limiting the effect of causative factors of diarrheal syndrome: products of intestinal metabolism, bacterial toxins, inflammation products, as well as the intestinal microflora itself, xenobiotics, etc., in the intestinal cavity. ES as part of complex therapy significantly increase the clinical and sanitizing efficacy of antibacterial treatment, while reducing the severity of diarrheal syndrome, regardless of etiology and type of diarrhea. The use of enterosorption in antibiotic-associated diarrhea has a pathogenetic rationale, and as a method is included in existing recommendations. Modern combined ES based on carbon and aluminum oxide (Enterumin) expand the palette of therapeutic options for the treatment of diarrhea, including diarrhea associated with antibiotics.
Comparative Study of Fear and Anxiety of COVID-19 on Families with and without Members in Foreign Lands
Authors: Giri Sagarananda , Dangi Nim Bahadur , Nepal Sushil , Gurung Anupa , Timilsina Kailash , Subedi Sapana , Pokhrel Shiwani , Gautam Sangita , Kunwar Laxmi
Published: January 2025

Background: Pandemics initially produce overwhelming feelings of anxiety and uncertainty, which can escalate into stress, worry, and melancholy, potentially leading to societal unrest and mental illness. Families relying solely on remittances are particularly vulnerable to psychological stress. This study aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 related fear and anxiety in households with and without members living abroad.Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among family heads aged 18 years and older who provided oral consent in Pokhara, Nepal. Anxiety was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Assessment (GAD-7), and Fear was measured using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FC-19S).
Results: Age and having family members abroad were significantly associated with fear of COVID-19. Similarly, age and family members abroad were significantly associated with anxiety. Younger individuals (<34 years) had 2.3 times higher odds of fear compared to older individuals (>55 years) (OR = 2.294, p = 0.015). Conversely, individuals older than 54 years were 2.1 times more likely to experience anxiety compared to the younger population (OR = 2.168, p = 0.023).
Conclusion: The findings highlighted age and family members living abroad as significant factors in fear and anxiety. The study underscores the need for mental health and psychosocial support services to be integrated into community healthcare, particularly during pandemics, to address these challenges effectively.
Vaginal Cytology and Progesterone Level Correlations during Oestrous Cycle Monitoring in Female Dogs
Authors: Belala Rédha , Kebbal Seddik , Mecherouk Choayb , Kaidi Rachid , Mimoune Nora
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the relationship between vaginal cytological examination and progesterone levels (P4) during a 12.5-month period of cycle monitoring in 16 domestic bitches subjected to oestrus induction treatments. By analysing the correlations between P4 rates and cellular parameters (specifically eosinophilia and basophilia percentage), the study aimed to establish a reliable cellular parameter that can serve as an indicator of low progesterone thresholds. Preliminary monitoring was conducted through bi-weekly visits. At each visit, all animals systematically underwent a vaginal smear stained with the Harris-Schorr trichrome method. For P4 assess-ment, plasma samples were analysed using a radioimmunoassay method. Cycle control during and after oestrus induction was accompanied by clinical, cytological and hormonal monitoring until the gestational state was confirmed. Chi-square test was applied to study the correlation in a population consisting of 282 smear slides corresponding to the corre- sponding P4 values. Data showed that at the beginning of proestrus, P4 levels were highly significantly correlated with the percentages of basophilic and eosinophilic cells. Among the cytological criteria evaluated for both cellular percentages, having more than 40% basophilic cells on the vaginal smear proved to be the most reliable with a zero margin of error. Its application indicated that when the percentage of basophilic cells is strictly greater than 40%, P4 values are below 2 ng/mL, and once the percentage of basophilia falls below 40%, the P4 assays become valuable. Thus, in the context of cycle monitoring, this cellular indicator could be particularly useful in avoiding costly and unnecessary progesterone measurements and reducing their frequency at the beginning of proestrus.
Dependence of Blood Biochemical Parameters on the Degree of Microstructural Changes in Chronic Pancreatitis in Dogs
Authors: Samoilіuk Vyacheslav , Koziy Mykhaylo , Semonov Oleksandr , Bilyi Dmytro , Slusarenko Dmytro , Maslikov Sergiy
Published: January 2025

The study investigated the biochemical parameters of blood in comparison to histological findings in dogs with pancreatitis. Tissue samples were collected from the left and right lobes and the body of the pancreas during autopsy, followed by histological examination to assess the degree of inflammation, fibrosis, and necrotic changes. The severity of microstructural damage was classified into three grades based on the progression of fibrotic changes: mild, moderate and severe (characterised by dense pancreatic fibrosis). Histological changes in the pancreas in cases of chronic pancreatitis were compared to those in healthy dog pancreatic tissue obtained post-mortem from animals that died in traffic accidents. For each animal, the histological results were compared with the biochemical parameters of blood serum, measured prior to death during the diagnostic and treatment stages. In cases of mild microstructural changes, connective tissue proliferation occurred alongside minor atrophy of the exocrine component, with the structure of Langerhans-Sobolev islets preserved. Moder- ate damage involved more pronounced separation of exocrine parenchyma by fibrous tissue. Severe damage was characterised by acinar cell involvement, including vacuolar degeneration and atrophy. Loose fibrosis was typical for mild and moderate damage, while dense fibrosis was indicative of severe microstructural changes. Inflammation in the pancreas was not diffuse but was instead localised. The study established that the development of fibrosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. Blood biochemical parameters were correlated with the severity of pathological microstructural changes. Specifically, the activity of alkaline phosphatase increased by 1.3 times. In severe cases, alanine aminotransferase activity showed a significant increase compared to moderate and mild forms. Elevated levels of connective tissue metabolites in blood serum were identified as informative diagnostic markers for chronic pancreatitis of varying degrees of microstructural damage. These markers provide valuable insight into the diagnosis and progression of the disease.
Geophysical and geotechnical assessment of Obiaruku-Agbor road failure in Western Niger-Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Akpoyibo Ogheneovo , ABRIKU Ezekiel Onoriode , Ugbe Felix Chukwuka , Anomohanran Ochuko
Published: January 2025

A geophysical and geotechnical survey was carried out along the Obiaruku-Agbor Expressway in Delta State, Nigeria to determine the causes of its deterioration. The study used a 2D electrical resistivity approach using the ABEM SAS 1000 Terrameter and yielded subsurface resistivity values ranging from 5.12 Ohm-m to 4418 Ohm-m. The geo-electric resistivity result showed that the base, sub-base, infill and embarkment soil types range from an interchange of clay,sandyclay, clay sand, fine sand and coarse sand.The high percentage of low-resistivity soil indicated that the building materials were not appropriate. Using soil samples, gathered for various geotechnical parameter tests for surface sub-base and base materials in accordance with British standards, the geotechnical characteristics of the research sites were ascertained. The findings show that A-2 and A-7 soil types are the most common types. The soils from the stable sections have a higher specific gravity (2.59-2.89) and a smaller amount of clay (16.9 %) than the soils from the failed portions of A-7-6 which suggests substandard sub-grade materials. These soils correspond to A-2-6 on the AASHTO classification system. The bulk of soils from failed sections had significant values of linear shrinkage (> 8%), a large proportion of fine particles (> 40%), and pore water pressure occurred as a result in a loss of soil index strength. The majority of fines particles in lateritic soils, low California bearing ratio (08–63% un-soaked), intermediate and high OMC above guideline for most soil samples (07.4–20.1), maximum dry density (MDD) (<2000 kg/m3), and liquid limit (20.9–58.7) are the main causes of the observed degree of instability. Poor geotechnical characteristics in the lateritic and sub-grade soils of failed sections imply that they should not be used as sub-grade materials in other engineering works, let alone in the building of new roads. It is stressed that lateritic soils are crucial for precise sub-grade soil assessment in detail sampling for highways. When these values were compared to the standard, it became clear that the main reasons for road collapse were thin pavement, inadequate drainage, water-logged sands, low-quality infill, incompetent clayey materials beneath the built road, and neglect. It is consequently advised that a well-designed, organized drainage system be built and that the soils be stabilized or replaced with materials that adhere to standards.The results of this inquiry will be useful in the repair and rehabilitation of the road's deteriorating sections and it is recommended that a thorough record of this study be kept for future reference.
Adaptation of the communicative approach to teaching English in higher education
Authors: Kyrychenko Tetiana , Topchii Oksana , Ovcharenko Liliia , Kurinnyi Oleksii , Shcherbyna Yuliia
Published: January 2025

The article examines the effectiveness of adapting the communicative approach to teaching English in higher education. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of new methodologies on the development of students' communicative competencies. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: surveys, testing, observation, and semi-structured interviews. Statistical analysis included the Levene's test, the Mann-Whitney test, ANOVA, and correlation analysis. The results showed a significant improvement in students' communicative skills: the average scores in grammar knowledge tests increased from 72.4 to 85.6 and lexical skills improved from 68.7 to 82.5. Other communicative skills also improved: speaking increased from 70.3 to 83.8 (p < 0.01) and listening improved from 65.2 to 80.1 (p < 0.01). The practical significance of the results lies in the potential integration of communicative methods into curricula to enhance the quality of language education. Prospects for further research include evaluating the long-term effectiveness of the communicative approach and its adaptation to different forms of learning, including online and blended formats.
Impact of digital technologies on the quality of higher education
Authors: Chovriy Sofiya , Marieiev Dmytro , Tsymbal-Slatvinska Svitlana , Vytrykhovska Oksana , Tsybulko Anna
Published: January 2025

The content of the concept of "digital technologies" is presented. Their classification is proposed, which is effective in the formation of students' professional competencies and indicates the importance of digital technologies in the training of students, contributes to the ability to solve educational tasks independently, and creates the possibility of active individual activity in the modern digital world. The impact of digital technologies on the quality of higher education is shown. The tasks of digitalization set for a higher education institution are analyzed; the principles and conditions for the formation of a digital environment of a higher school that affect the quality of higher education and the general strategic goals of the development of the educational system are revealed. The general strategic goals of the development of the educational system are taken into account when solving the problem of using digital technologies for high-quality higher education. The importance of virtual reality technology is shown, and virtual modeling and electronic immersive learning technologies for high-quality higher education in the educational space are revealed. The importance of the digital university is shown as a requirement of an innovative modern digital educational space. A system for forming a specialist's digital competence is proposed. Analysis of data obtained during the sections of the formative stage of work recorded the dynamics.
Inclusive education in Ukraine: achievements, challenges, prospects
Authors: Diachenko Mariia , Voroshchuk Oksana , Romanova Tetiana , Shevtsova Nataliia , Tretiakova Tetiana
Published: January 2025

The objective of this paper was to analyse the achievements, challenges, and prospects of inclusive education in Ukraine, focusing on the ethical principles and values that influence its implementation. The study adopted a theoretical and documentary approach, reviewing current scientific literature to explore key concepts and the ethical dimensions of inclusive education, such as justice and fairness in educational settings. The methodology involved analysing various research studies that defined the challenges of inclusion and examine the attitudes and behaviours of students and teachers towards inclusive education. Additionally, the paper evaluated existing equity assessment tools and their potential adaptation to the Ukrainian context. The most relevant findings highlight a growing global interest in inclusive education, particularly in areas like diversity, disability, early education, and teacher training. However, ethical concerns remain a significant challenge in Ukraine, presenting opportunities for further research. The paper concludes that ethical considerations play a vital role in shaping inclusive education practices, but much work remains to be done to fully address these issues and improve equity in educational systems.
Interpersonal interaction strategies for the development of communication skills in university education
Authors: Dushechkina Nataliia , Yatsyna Svitlana , Malyk Yuliana , Shayner Hanna , Tyshkovets Mariia , Nykytenko Olha
Published: January 2025

The content of interpersonal interaction, its types, main features, and role in the formation of communicative competence of the future specialist are clarified. The structure of motivation of future specialists for interpersonal interaction to form communicative competence is disclosed. The leading functions and methods of training students in creating their communicative competence are highlighted. Presented are modern information and communication technologies and communicative discursive technologies for interpersonal interaction in the formation of the communicative competence of the future specialist. The principles necessary for interpersonal interaction in the formation of the communicative competence of the future specialist are substantiated. The structure of motivation, directions, and conditions for the organization and development of the educational environment according to the principles necessary for interpersonal interaction in the formation of the communicative competence of the future specialist are presented. The experimental work made it possible to talk about interpersonal interaction in the formation of communicative competence of the future specialist as a serious and necessary problem that requires a holistic study in education and professional activity. It was concluded that the developed author's method is effective, and communicative technologies are appropriate and correct for implementation in the process of professional training of a specialist for the implementation of interpersonal interaction in professional activities in the formation of communicative competence.