bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity enhancement of thermal lens spectrometry
Authors: Dy Eben , Gu Caikang , Shen Jun , Qu Wei , Xie Zhong , Wang Xiaomeng , Baesso Mauro L. , Astrath Nelson G. C.
Published: February 2022

Thermal lens spectrometry has been utilized in various applications, and in some application areas, high sensitivity is required. In this work, a mode-mismatched thermal lens configuration probing thermal lens twice was developed for sensitivity enhancement. Experimental results exhibited that doubled sensitivity was achieved with this configuration compared with that attained with a conventional one, which was consistent with the prediction of the theoretical model for thermal lens spectrometry. As a result of the consistency, the linear absorption (attenuation) coefficient of de-ionized water at 532.3 nm was directly measured with this configuration and the conventional one and found to be (4.90 ± 0.05) × 10−2 m−1 and (4.7 ± 0.2) × 10−2 m−1, respectively. The results are in good agreement with accepted literature values. Theoretical analysis revealed that the sensitivity enhancement with this configuration is greater than that by simply doubling the sample thickness in a conventional configuration.
Evaluation of a visiting credentialled diabetes educator program in remote western Queensland, Australia
Authors: Mullan Leanne , Skinner David
Published: February 2022

Background: Within western Queensland (WQ), Australia, diabetes is the leading cause of potentially preventable hospitalisations and, in some areas, diabetes prevalence is up to 20%. To address inequity of access to diabetes-related services in remote areas of WQ, a visiting credentialled diabetes educator program (VCDEP) was developed. Using a fly-in, fly-out model of service delivery and supporting telehealth services, upskilling of rural primary healthcare professionals occurred and credentialled diabetes educator (CDE) accessibility increased in WQ. This study objectively measured the impact of the VCDEP. Methods: Practice report data from five representative VCDEP practices and five non-VCDEP practices were analysed using Pearson Chi-squared tests to ascertain associations in reporting of blood pressure (BP), HbA1c, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), total cholesterol, microalbumin, body mass index (BMI) and foot and eye examinations, as well as improvements in BP, HbA1c, eGFR, total cholesterol, microalbumin and BMI measures at two set date points. Results: In practices involved in the VCDEP, aggregated data indicated significant increases in reporting of HbA1c (P ≤ 0.001), eGFR (P ≤ 0.001), total cholesterol (P = 0.022) and foot assessments (P = 0.015). In contrast, aggregated data from practices not involved in the VCDEP identified significant decreases in the reporting of BP and eye examinations between October 2019 and March 2021 (P = 0.034 and P = 0.007 respectively). Decreases in reporting of HbA1c, eGFR, microalbumin, BMI and foot examinations were also found, although these did not reach statistical significance. Concernedly, across practices overall, HbA1c levels have risen, with a significant increase in the percentage of people with diabetes having a HbA1c >53 mmol/mol (7%) and >86 mmol/mol (10%) in March 2021 compared with October 2019 (P = 0.012 and P < 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Reporting of key diabetes indicators is greater among practices participating in the VCDEP than among practices not involved in the VCDEP. Further investigation and resource provision are required to address rising HbA1c levels in rural WQ, with a particular focus on the impacts of health literacy, social determinants of health and workforce challenges.
Evolution during primary HIV infection does not require adaptive immune selection
Authors: Swan David A. , Rolland Morgane , Herbeck Joshua T. , Schiffer Joshua T. , Reeves Daniel B.
Published: February 2022

Significance

HIV evolution within infected individuals creates large barriers to successful vaccination and therapy. Here, we used a model that matches viral loads and mutation rates to characterize the driving forces behind HIV evolution early during infection. Surprisingly, the best model of the data did not require explicit pressure from the host immune system. Instead, the model predicts most new viral variants are intrinsically worse at infecting new cells relative to their parents. Thus, most variants do not persist and only by occasional chance does a new fit variant come to dominate. These findings also highlight the tight connection between viral population dynamics and evolution, warranting more modeling to disentangle these processes in the future.
Scale-dependent tipping points of bacterial colonization resistance
Authors: Karita Yuya , Limmer David T. , Hallatschek Oskar
Published: February 2022

Significance

The commonly observed stability of natural microbiomes is important for their function, yet the ubiquity of microbiome stability remains enigmatic. The strongest form of stability, colonization resistance, protects residents against invaders and is often associated with specific porous structures, such as skin follicles or intestinal crypts. By systematically probing the colonization of fly gut–derived bacteria in microfluidic pores of varying sizes, we revealed that colonization patterns and invasion rates strongly depend on the pore size. Mathematical modeling shows that bacteria spontaneously tend to organize into a dense colonization-resistant state in pores exceeding a critical size. The scale dependence of stability and resilience could bias ecological filtering in microbiomes and should be considered in the design of microbial ecology experiments.
Balancing urban agriculture with sustaining ecosystem services
Authors: Egerer Monika , Lin Brenda
Published: February 2022

Urban agricultural systems are a prominent social–ecological system in cities and towns across the world. The multifunctional nature of urban agriculture engenders many benefits to urban residents, from food provision to social cohesion. In addition, many environmental services such as climate regulation and habitat for urban wildlife are supported by these agroecosystems. Both local to landscape management factors including plant diversity and ground cover management influence the provision of ecosystem services. Yet, the management decisions may create trade-offs between and among ecosystem services with the increase in one service potentially reducing the ability of the system to provide another service at a desired level. While there are some services that practitioners may not care to lose as much, for other services, the maintenance of a service will be important, based on the goals of the system. Thus, balancing and sustaining ecosystem services must be carefully considered in ecosystem management decisions. Here, we review ecosystem services (ES) within urban agriculture (UA) with a focus on residential, community, and market garden systems, and how local to landscape management influence ES provision. In addition, we evaluate trade-offs between and across services, for example, between provisioning services (food production) versus other environmental services (regulating, supporting). Finally, we highlight future research directions on ecosystem services and the trade-offs for sustainable urban food production, biodiversity, and natural resource conservation.
Advances in the treatment of osteoarthritis in horses
Authors: McCoy Annette M.
Published: February 2022

Osteoarthritis is a common and debilitating disease affecting horses across breeds and disciplines. Although the cornerstone of therapy among equine practitioners remains systemic and local anti-inflammatory medications, this approach only addresses the symptoms of osteoarthritis, rather than modifying the progression of the disease itself. There has been great interest in various biologic and cell-based therapies, such as autologous conditioned serum, platelet-rich plasma, and mesenchymal stem cells, as potentially being disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs.In vitroand experimental results for these novel modalities are promising. However, although the use of these therapies is now widespread, scientific evidence supporting their efficacy in clinical cases is limited to date. Gene therapy for delivery of anti-inflammatory cytokines or growth factors has also been investigated experimentally with good results but has not entered widespread clinical practice. Standardized definitions of disease and large randomized controlled trials, organized across institutions, are needed improve evidence-based recommendations for osteoarthritis treatment. This review provides a brief overview of what is known about the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and addresses the current literature for medical treatment of osteoarthritis in the horse.
Temperature dependent striction effect in a single crystalline Nd2Fe14B revealed using a novel high temperature resistivity measurement technique
Authors: Cho Kyuil , Bud’ko S L , Canfield P C
Published: February 2022

We studied the temperature dependence of resistivity in a single crystalline Nd2Fe14B using a newly developed high temperature probe. This novel probe employs mechanical pin connectors instead of conducting glue/paste. From warming and cooling curves, the Curie temperature was consistently measured around T

c
= 580 K. In addition, anomalous discrete jumps were found only in cooling curves between 400 and 500 K, but not shown in warming curves. More interestingly, when the jumps occurred during cooling, the resistivity was increased. This phenomenon could possibly be due to a temperature dependent striction effect induced by the re-orientation of magnetic domains well below the Curie temperature. Further microscopic study is needed to confirm this effect.
Structure formation in an anisotropic universe: Eulerian perturbation theory
Authors: Almeida Juan P. Beltrán , Motoa-Manzano Josué , Noreña Jorge , Pereira Thiago S. , Valenzuela-Toledo César A.
Published: February 2022

We present an effective Eulerian description, in the non-relativistic regime, of the growth of cosmological perturbations around a homogeneous but anisotropic Bianchi I spacetime background. We assume a small deviation from isotropy, sourced at late times for example by dark energy anisotropic stress. We thus derive an analytic solution for the linear dark matter density contrast, and use it in a formal perturbative approach which allows us to derive a second order (non-linear) solution. As an application of the procedure followed here we derive analytic expressions for the power spectrum and the bispectrum of the dark matter density contrast. The power spectrum receives a quadrupolar correction as expected, and the bispectrum receives several angle-dependent corrections. Quite generally, we find that the contribution of a late-time phase of anisotropic expansion to the growth of structure peaks at a finite redshift between CMB decoupling and today, tough the exact redshift value is model-dependent.
Fast quantum search driven by environmental engineering
Authors: Zhang Rui , Chen Tian
Published: February 2022

Studies have demonstrated that a joined complete graph is a typical mathematical model that can support a fast quantum search. In this paper, we study the implementation of joined complete graphs in atomic systems and realize a quantum search of runtime

O
(

N

)

based on this implementation with a success probability of 50%. Even though the practical systems inevitably interact with the surrounding environment, we reveal that a successful quantum search can be realized through delicately engineering the environment itself. We consider that our study will bring about a feasible way to realize quantum information processing including quantum algorithms in reality.
Thermal currents obtained and mutually switched by a modified Haldane model in graphene
Authors: Lü Xiao-Long , Xie Hang
Published: February 2022

By using the transfer matrix method, we discover three types of current, such as the 100% spin-valley polarized current, pure spin-valley current and pure charge current, in a two-terminal graphene system. These types of current can be obtained and mutually switched by modulating the parameters of the modified Haldane model (MHM). In our work, these types of current are driven by the thermal bias. Compared with this method of increasing the one-lead temperature (with a fixed temperature difference), the thermal currents can be more effectively strengthened by increasing the temperature difference (with a fixed one-lead temperature). In order to rapidly turn off these currents, we choose to enhance the intensity of the off-resonant circularly polarized light instead of canceling the temperature difference. These results indicate that the graphene system with the MHM has promising applications in the spin and valley caloritronics.
From wave-particle duality to wave-particle-mixedness triality: an uncertainty approach
Authors: Fu Shuangshuang , Luo Shunlong
Published: February 2022

The wave-particle duality, as a manifestation of Bohr’s complementarity, is usually quantified in terms of path predictability and interference visibility. Various characterizations of the wave-particle duality have been proposed from an operational perspective, most of them are in forms of inequalities, and some of them are expressed in forms of equalities by incorporating entanglement or coherence. In this work, we shed different insights into the nature of the wave-particle duality by casting it into a form of information conservation in a multi-path interferometer, with uncertainty as a unified theme. More specifically, by employing the simple yet fundamental concept of variance, we establish a resolution of unity, which can be interpreted as a complementarity relation among wave feature, particle feature, and mixedness of a quantum state. This refines or reinterprets some conventional approaches to wave-particle duality, and highlights informational aspects of the issue. The key idea of our approach lies in that a quantum state, as a Hermitian operator, can also be naturally regarded as an observable, with measurement uncertainty (in a state) and state uncertainty (in a measurement) being exploited to quantify particle feature and wave feature of a quantum state, respectively. These two kinds of uncertainties, although both are defined via variance, have fundamentally different properties and capture different features of a state. Together with the mixedness, which is a kind of uncertainty intrinsic to a quantum state, they add up to unity, and thus lead to a characterization of the wave-particle-mixedness complementarity. This triality relation is further illustrated by examples and compared with some popular wave-particle duality or triality relations.
Intrinsic symmetry of nonlocal nonlinear optical susceptibilities
Authors: Ryzhikov P S , Makarov V A
Published: February 2022

The permutation symmetry relations of the nth order nonlocal nonlinear optical susceptibilities emerging in the absence of absorption are obtained from the basic statements of electrodynamics. The values of the nth order nonlocal nonlinear susceptibility tensor components with swapped frequencies and indices corresponding to the generated electric field and the electric field under the operator of differentiation in the constitutive equation only differ by their signs and signs of the interchanged frequencies. Additionally, there exist

n
2

−
n

relations between three components of this tensor with cyclically permuted indices and frequencies corresponding to the generated field, the field under the operator of differentiation in the constitutive equation and one of the remaining fields involved into nonlinear process under consideration.
Fidelity of quantum states in a correlated dephasing channel
Authors: Rahman Atta Ur , Haddadi Saeed , Reza Pourkarimi Mohammad , Ghominejad Mehrdad
Published: February 2022

The effects of classical correlations and associated decoherence on the fidelity dynamics of two qubits initially prepared in maximally entangled (ME) and coherent states are examined. In both the Markovian and non-Markovian regimes, the dynamics of fidelity in a correlated dephasing channel is probed. We show that fidelity decreases over time but does not disappear completely, implying that the output state does not become quite dissimilar from the input state under the effects of dephasing correlated channel. The ME state, in comparison, is more tolerant of the dephasing effects of the correlated channel than that of the maximally coherent state. Fidelity of the quantum states is significantly influenced by the degree of classical correlations between successive actions of the channel on the two qubits. As the amount of classical correlations in the implementation of the channel increases, the fidelity of the quantum states can be noticeably enhanced.
Cyclic quantum state sharing with a nine-qubit entangled state
Authors: Liu Yueqi , Zhang Gongxuan
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we present a novel scheme for cyclic quantum state sharing (QSTS) by using a nine-qubit entangled state as quantum channel. In this scheme, each of the three dealers has a different unknown quantum state, and every dealer wants two agents to share his/her quantum state. At the same time, three dealers perform Bell basis measurements on his/her own qubits, and the controllers make a single-qubit measurement on his/her own qubits, after that, the receivers can recover the original states by applying suitable unitary operations, respectively. It is shown that, only if all agents collaborate with each other, the cyclic QSTS can be completed with unit success probability.
On coherence of quantum operations by using Choi–Jamiołkowski isomorphism
Authors: Wang Xiaorong , Gao Ting , Yan Fengli
Published: February 2022

In quantum information, most information processing processes involve quantum channels. One manifestation of a quantum channel is quantum operation acting on quantum states. The coherence of quantum operations can be considered as a quantum resource, which can be exploited to perform certain quantum tasks. From the viewpoint of Choi–Jamiołkowski isomorphism, we study the coherence of quantum operations in the framework of resource theory. We study the phase-out superoperation and give the operation which transforms the Choi–Jamiołkowski state of a quantum operation to the Choi–Jamiołkowski state of the another quantum operation obtained by using the phase-out superoperation to act on the quantum operation. The set of maximally incoherent superoperations, the set of nonactivating coherent superoperations and the set of de-phase incoherent superoperations are investigated and we prove that these sets are closed to compound operation and convex combination of quantum superoperations. Further, we introduce the fidelity coherence measure of quantum operations and obtain the exact form of the fidelity coherence measure of the unitary operations on the single qubit.
Gap solitons of spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates in

PT

periodic potential
Authors: Wang S , Liu Y H , Xu T F
Published: February 2022

We numerically investigate the gap solitons in Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in the parity–time (

P
T

)-symmetric periodic potential. We find that the depths and periods of the imaginary lattice have an important influence on the shape and stability of these single-peak gap solitons and double-peak gap solitons in the first band gap. The dynamics of these gap solitons are checked by the split-time-step Crank–Nicolson method. It is proved that the depths of the imaginary part of the

P
T

-symmetric periodic potential gradually increase, and the gap solitons become unstable. But the different periods of imaginary part hardly affect the stability of the gap solitons in the corresponding parameter interval.
Three-dimensional coupled-mode model and characteristics of low-frequency sound propagation in ocean waveguide with seamount topography
Authors: Mo Ya-Xiao , Zhang Chao-Jin , Lu Li-Cheng , Guo Sheng-Ming
Published: February 2022

Large-scale topography, such as a seamount, substantially impacts low-frequency sound propagation in an ocean waveguide, limiting the application of low-frequency acoustic detecting techniques. A three-dimensional (3D) coupled-mode model is developed to calculate the acoustic field in an ocean waveguide with seamount topography and analyze the 3D effect. In this model, a correction is introduced in the bottom boundary, theoretically making the acoustic field satisfy the energy conservation. Furthermore, a large azimuth angle calculation range is obtained by using the operator theory and higher-order Padé approximation. Additionally, the model has advantages related to the coupling mode and parabolic equation theory. The couplings corresponding to the effects of range-dependent environment are fully considered, and the numerical implementation is kept feasible. After verifying the accuracy and reliability of the model, low-frequency sound propagation characteristics in the seamount environment are analyzed. The results indicate lateral variability in bathymetry can lead to out-of-plane effects such as the horizontal refraction phenomenon, while the coupling effect tends to restore the abnormal sound field and produces acoustic field diffraction behind the seamount. This model effectively considers the effects of the horizontal refraction and coupling, which are proportional to the scale of the seamount.
Smith–Purcell radiation improved by multi-grating structure
Authors: Shu Jing , Zhang Ping , Liang Man , Yang Sheng-Peng , Wang Shao-Meng , Gong Yu-Bin
Published: February 2022

The photonic crystal structure has attracted much attention due to its ability to confine light. In this paper, we present our study on an improved Smith–Purcell radiation from a simple metal photonic crystal excited by moving electrons. Different from the wide-band Smith–Purcell radiation from a single metal grating, the results show that the injected electrons could induce more dipole oscillations inside the multi-grating structure, and it leads to the enhancement of the radiation intensity. In addition, there are strong resonances in metal multi-grating structure, and the resonance characteristics may narrow the radiation band, which leads to a radiation with an obvious peak in the spectrum. Therefore, the multi-grating structure has the ability to enhance the radiation intensity and shape the radiation frequency band. By optimizing the structure parameters, coherent and tunable Smith–Purcell radiation can be realized, and it provides a potential way to develop band-controllable light or THz radiation source.
Spatial and spectral filtering of tapered lasers by using tapered distributed Bragg reflector grating
Authors: Yang Jing-Jing , Fan Jie , Zou Yong-Gang , Wang Hai-Zhu , Ma Xiao-Hui
Published: February 2022

A 1040 nm tapered laser with tapered distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) grating is designed and fabricated. By designing the grating with tapered layout, the tapered DBR grating exhibits the scattering effect on side backward-traveling waves, thus achieving additional suppression of parasitic oscillation. Under the suppression of parasitic oscillation, the spatial and spectral characteristics of the tapered laser are improved. The experimental results show that a near-Gaussian far-field distribution and a kink-free P–I characteristics are achieved, and a single peak emission with a wavelength of 1046.84 nm and a linewidth of 56 pm is obtained.
Effective sideband cooling in an ytterbium optical lattice clock
Authors: Wang Jin-Qi , Zhang Ang , Tian Cong-Cong , Yin Ni , Zhu Qiang , Wang Bing , Xiong Zhuan-Xian , He Ling-Xiang , Lv Bao-Long
Published: February 2022

Sideband cooling is a key technique for improving the performance of optical atomic clocks by preparing cold atoms and single ions into the ground vibrational state. In this work, we demonstrate detailed experimental research on pulsed Raman sideband cooling in a 171Yb optical lattice clock. A sequence comprised of interleaved 578 nm cooling pulses resonant on the 1st-order red sideband and 1388 nm repumping pulses is carried out to transfer atoms into the motional ground state. We successfully decrease the axial temperature of atoms in the lattice from 6.5 μK to less than 0.8 μK in the trap depth of 24 μK, corresponding to an average axial motional quantum number 〈 nz
〉 < 0.03. Rabi oscillation spectroscopy is measured to evaluate the effect of sideband cooling on inhomogeneous excitation. The maximum excitation fraction is increased from 0.8 to 0.86, indicating an enhancement in the quantum coherence of the ensemble. Our work will contribute to improving the instability and uncertainty of Yb lattice clocks.
Measurement of 232Th (n, γ) cross section at the CSNS Back-n facility in the unresolved resonance region from 4 keV to 100 keV
Authors: Jiang Bing , Han Jianlong , Ren Jie , Jiang Wei , Wang Xiaohe , Guo Zian , Zhang Jianglin , Hu Jifeng , Chen Jingen , Cai Xiangzhou , Wang Hongwei , Liu Longxiang , Li Xinxiang , Hu Xinrong , Zhang Yue
Published: February 2022

The neutron capture cross section of 232Th was measured at the neutron time-of-flight facility Back-n of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) for the first time. The measurement was performed with 4 hydrogen-free deuterated benzene C6D6 liquid scintillation detectors, in the ES#2 experiment station on the beam line, at a distance of about 76 m from the neutron-production assembly. The total energy detection principle in combination with the pulse height weighting technique (PHWT) was applied to analyze the measured data. Results of the 232Th (n, γ) reaction cross section in the unresolved resonance region from 4 keV to 100 keV were obtained, which shows a good agreement with the existing experimental data from EXFOR, as well as with the evaluated data from the ENDF/B-VIII.0 and CENDL-3.1. In addition, the excitation function of 232Th (n, γ)233Th reaction in the unresolved resonance region was theoretically calculated by using the code TALYS-1.95. By fitting the experimental cross section and theoretical data, the average parameters in the unresolved resonance region were extracted. The datasets are openly available at http://dx.doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.j00113.00015.
Gate tunable Rashba spin-orbit coupling at CaZrO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface
Authors: Jiang Wei-Min , Zhao Qiang , Ling Jing-Zhuo , Shao Ting-Na , Zhang Zi-Tao , Liu Ming-Rui , Yao Chun-Li , Qiao Yu-Jie , Chen Mei-Hui , Chen Xing-Yu , Dou Rui-Fen , Xiong Chang-Min , Nie Jia-Cai
Published: February 2022

High mobility quasi two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) found at the CaZrO3/SrTiO3 nonpolar heterointerface is attractive and provides a platform for the development of functional devices and nanoelectronics. Here we report that the carrier density and mobility at low temperature can be tuned by gate voltage at the CaZrO3/SrTiO3 interface. Furthermore, the magnitude of Rashba spin–orbit interaction can be modulated and increases with the gate voltage. Remarkably, the diffusion constant and the spin–orbit relaxation time can be strongly tuned by gate voltage. The diffusion constant increases by a factor of ∼ 19.98 and the relaxation time is reduced by a factor of over three orders of magnitude while the gate voltage is swept from –50 V to 100 V. These findings not only lay a foundation for further understanding the underlying mechanism of Rashba spin–orbit coupling, but also have great significance in developing various oxide functional devices.
The dynamics of a memristor-based Rulkov neuron with fractional-order difference
Authors: Lu Yan-Mei , Wang Chun-Hua , Deng Quan-Li , Xu Cong
Published: February 2022

The exploration of the memristor model in the discrete domain is a fascinating hotspot. The electromagnetic induction on neurons has also begun to be simulated by some discrete memristors. However, most of the current investigations are based on the integer-order discrete memristor, and there are relatively few studies on the form of fractional order. In this paper, a new fractional-order discrete memristor model with prominent nonlinearity is constructed based on the Caputo fractional-order difference operator. Furthermore, the dynamical behaviors of the Rulkov neuron under electromagnetic radiation are simulated by introducing the proposed discrete memristor. The integer-order and fractional-order peculiarities of the system are analyzed through the bifurcation graph, the Lyapunov exponential spectrum, and the iterative graph. The results demonstrate that the fractional-order system has more abundant dynamics than the integer one, such as hyper-chaos, multi-stable and transient chaos. In addition, the complexity of the system in the fractional form is evaluated by the means of the spectral entropy complexity algorithm and consequences show that it is affected by the order of the fractional system. The feature of fractional difference lays the foundation for further research and application of the discrete memristor and the neuron map in the future.
A Review of Third Way Consistent Theories
Authors: Sadik Deger Nihat
Published: February 2022

We will give an overview of “third way consistent” theories. Field equations of such models do not come from the variation of a local action without auxiliary fields, yet their covariant divergences still vanish on-shell. First examples were discovered in three dimensions which were pure massive gravity and Yang-Mills theories. However, recently interacting p-form theories with this property in arbitrary dimensions were also constructed. After explaining construction of these theories and some of their general features, we will discuss some open problems and future directions.
From Feynman graphs to Witten diagrams
Authors: Domingo Gallegos A. , Gürsoy Umut , Zinnato Natale
Published: February 2022

We investigate the possibility of generalizing Gopakumar’s microscopic derivation of Witten diagrams in large N free quantum field theory [1] to interacting theories. For simplicity we consider a massless, matrix valued real scalar field with Φh interaction in d-dimensions. Using Schwinger’s proper time formulation and organizing the sum over Feynman graphs by the number of loops l, we show that the two-point function can be expressed as a sum over boundary-to-boundary propagators of bulk scalars in AdS
d+1 with mass determined by l.

This manuscript is intended as a contribution to the festschrift of prof. Tekin Dereli’s on the occasion of his 72nd birthday.1
ITER beam aided diagnostics
Authors: Levinton F.M. , Reichert H. , De Bock M.
Published: February 2022

We provide an overview of ITER beam aided diagnostics, including the motional Stark effect (MSE) and charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS). ITER presents several unique challenges to plasma diagnostics in general and beam-aided diagnostics in particular. The large size, long pulse, and DT operation drives much of the diagnostic design. This in turn has driven a significant R&D effort concerning the maintenance of plasma facing mirrors with sufficient reflectivity to maintain the utility of the diagnostic. In the case of MSE a new approach utilizing spectral splitting will be pursued instead of the conventional polarimetry approach due to the difficulty of maintaining and calibrating the polarizations properties of the plasma facing mirror.
Generalized hydrodynamics of the attractive non-linear Schrӧdinger equation
Authors: Koch Rebekka , Caux Jean-Sébastien , Bastianello Alvise
Published: February 2022

We study the generalized hydrodynamics of the one-dimensional classical non linear Schrӧdinger equation in the attractive phase. We thereby show that the thermodynamic limit is entirely captured by solitonic modes and radiation is absent. Our results are derived by considering the semiclassical limit of the quantum Bose gas, where the Planck constant has a key role as a regulator of the classical soliton gas. We use our result to study adiabatic interaction changes from the repulsive to the attractive phase, observing soliton production and obtaining exact analytical results which are in excellent agreement with Monte Carlo simulations.
Border policing at sea: Tactics, routines, and the law in a Frontex patrol boat
Authors: Bachiller López Covadonga
Published: February 2022

This article explores how Frontex border policing is organized and performed at the level of the everyday. Based on ethnographic research in the Aegean Sea and interviews with Frontex and Hellenic Coast Guard officers, it details the mundane workings of ‘early detection’—a bordering practice that is systematically performed at EUrope’s frontier. By analysing the tactical labour and interactions with the host authority, the article documents a transformation in Frontex officers’ understandings of their role from humanitarian rescue towards deterrence. A focus on the day-to-day practices of Frontex officers and their limited conception of human rights reveals the ways unlawful bordering tactics become routinized within the Frontex operational theatre.
Coexisting neuronal coding strategies in the barrel cortex
Authors: Sharma Hariom , Azouz Rony
Published: February 2022

During tactile sensation by rodents, whisker movements across surfaces generate complex whisker motions, including discrete, transient stick–slip events, which carry information about surface properties. The characteristics of these events and how the brain encodes this tactile information remain enigmatic. We found that cortical neurons show a mixture of synchronized and nontemporally correlated spikes in their tactile responses. Synchronous spikes convey the magnitude of stick–slip events by numerous aspects of temporal coding. These spikes show preferential selectivity for kinetic and kinematic whisker motion. By contrast, asynchronous spikes in each neuron convey the magnitude of stick–slip events by their discharge rates, response probability, and interspike intervals. We further show that the differentiation between these two types of activity is highly dependent on the magnitude of stick–slip events and stimulus and response history. These results suggest that cortical neurons transmit multiple components of tactile information through numerous coding strategies.
Diagnosis and Management ofTrichomonas vaginalis: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines
Authors: Kissinger Patricia J , Gaydos Charlotte A , Seña Arlene C , Scott McClelland R , Soper David , Secor W Evan , Legendre Davey , Workowski Kimberly A , Muzny Christina A
Published: February 2022

Trichomonas vaginalis is likely the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection, affecting an estimated 3.7 million women and men in the United States. Health disparities are prominent in the epidemiology of trichomoniasis, as African Americans are >4 times more likely to be infected than persons of other races. Since publication of the 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, additional data have bolstered the importance of T. vaginalis infection sequelae in women, including increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition, cervical cancer, preterm birth, and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Less is known about the clinical significance of infection in men. Newly available diagnostic methods, including point-of-care assays and multiple nucleic acid amplification tests, can be performed on a variety of genital specimens in women and men, including urine, allowing more accurate and convenient testing and screening of those at risk for infection. Repeat and persistent infections are common in women; thus, rescreening at 3 months after treatment is recommended. In vitro antibiotic resistance to 5-nitroimidazole in T. vaginalis remains low (4.3%) but should be monitored. High rates of T. vaginalis among sexual partners of infected persons suggest a role for expedited partner treatment. A randomized controlled trial in HIV-uninfected women demonstrated that multidose metronidazole 500 mg twice daily for 7 days reduced the proportion of women with Trichomonas infection at 1 month test of cure compared with women receiving single-dose therapy (2 g). The 2-g single-dose oral metronidazole regimen remains the preferred treatment in men.
Surgical reintervention on the neo-aorta after the Norwood operation
Authors: Kido Takashi , Steringer Maria-Theresa , Heinisch Paul Philipp , Burri Melchior , Vodiskar Janez , Strbad Martina , Cleuziou Julie , Georgiev Stanimir , Lemmer Julia , Ewert Peter , Hager Alfred , Hörer Jürgen , Ono Masamichi
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES

We sought to identify the prevalence of surgical reintervention on the neo-aorta after Norwood procedure and its impact on long-term outcomes.

METHODS

We reviewed the medical records of all patients who underwent Norwood procedure. The impacts of surgical neoaortic reintervention on outcomes were analysed in each stage of palliation.

RESULTS

A total of 335 patients were included in this study. Thirty patients underwent surgical reintervention on the neo-aorta after Norwood procedure. The timing of initial reintervention was before stage II in 13 patients, at stage II in 7, between stage II and stage III in 5, at stage III in 3 and after stage III in 2. A reintervention before stage II was significantly associated with mortality (HR 14.4, 95% confidence interval 6.00–34.6, P < 0.001). In patients who underwent stage II (n = 251), reintervention had no significant impact on mortality. In patients who underwent stage III (n = 188), the previous reintervention was significantly associated with higher mean pulmonary pressure (P = 0.05) and a higher rate of reduced ventricular function (P = 0.002). Greater than mild atrioventricular valve regurgitation was significantly associated with the development of a neoaortic arch stenosis after stage II (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS

Surgical reinterventions on the neo-aorta were required in each inter-stage phase. A surgical neoaortic reintervention was not related to increased mortality after stage II but significantly associated with a higher rate of reduced ventricular function and elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure.
Adipocyte-derived relaxing factor—a fat load to be learnt
Authors: Harky Amer , Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai , Hui Jeremy Man Ho , Soppa Gopal
Published: February 2022

Properties of the radial artery (RA) have been of immense interest to both laboratory scientists and clinicians, especially due to the increasing utilization of RA as a second-choice conduit for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), after left internal mammary artery.
Mapping of clinical research on artificial intelligence in the treatment of cancer and the challenges and opportunities underpinning its integration in the European Union health sector
Authors: Popescu Elena-Ramona , Geantă Marius , Brand Angela
Published: February 2022

Background

Although current efforts are made to diminish the incidence and burden of disease, cancer is still widely identified late at stage. This study aims to conduct a systematic review mapping the existent and emerging clinical research on artificial intelligence (AI) in the treatment of cancer and to underpin its integration challenges and opportunities in the European Union (EU) health sector.

Methods

A systematic literature review (SLR) evaluating global clinical trials (CTs; published between 2010 and 2020 or forthcoming) was concluded. Additionally, a horizon scanning (HS) exercise focusing on emerging trends (published between 2017 and 2020) was conducted.

Results

Forty-four CTs were identified and analyzed. Selected CTs were divided into three research areas: (i) potential of AI combined with imaging techniques, (ii) AI’s applicability in robotic surgery interventions and (iii) AI’s potential in clinical decision making. Twenty-one studies presented an interventional nature, nine papers were observational and 14 articles did not explicitly mention the type of study performed. The papers presented an increased heterogeneity in sample size, type of tumour, type of study and reporting of results. In addition, a shift in research is observed and only a small fraction of studies were completed in the EU. These findings could be further linked to the current socio-economic, political, scientific, technological and environmental state of the EU in regard to AI innovation.

Conclusion

To overcome the challenges threatening the EU’s integration of such technology in the healthcare field, new strategies taking into account the EU’s socio-economic and political environment are deemed necessary.
The Multiscale Dynamics of Beat-to-Beat Blood Pressure Fluctuation Mediated the Relationship Between Frailty and Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults
Authors: Jiang Xin , Cai Yurun , Wu Xiaoyan , Huang Baofeng , Chen Yurong , Zhong Lilian , Gao Xia , Guo Yi , Zhou Junhong
Published: February 2022

Background

Beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) is an important cardiovascular output and regulated by neurophysiological elements over multiple temporal scales. The multiscale dynamics of beat-to-beat BP fluctuation can be characterized by “BP complexity” and has been linked to age-related adverse health outcomes. We here aimed to examine whether BP complexity mediates the association between arterial stiffness and frailty.

Method

This cross-sectional study was completed between January and October 2021. A total of 350 older adults completed assessments for frailty, arterial stiffness (ie, average brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity), and beat-to-beat finger BP. The complexity of beat-to-beat systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) BP series was measured using multiscale entropy. The relationships between frailty, BP complexity, and arterial stiffness were examined using analysis of variance and linear regression models. The effects of BP complexity on the association between arterial stiffness and frailty were examined using mediation analyses.

Results

Compared with non-frail, prefrail, and frail groups had significantly elevated lower SBP and DBP complexity (F > 11, p < .001) and greater arterial stiffness (F = 16, p < .001). Greater arterial stiffness was associated with lower BP complexity (β < −0.42, p < .001). Beat-to-beat SBP and DBP complexity mediated the association between arterial stiffness and frailty (indirect effects >0.28), accounting for at least 47% of its total effects on frailty (mediated proportion: SBP: 50%, DBP: 47%).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the association between BP complexity and frailty in older adults, and BP complexity mediates the association between arterial stiffness and frailty, suggesting that this metric would serve as a marker to help characterize important functions in the older adults.
Butyric Acid Precursor Tributyrin Modulates Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Prevents Spatial Memory Deficits: Role of PPARγ and AMPK
Authors: Belén Sanz-Martos Ana , Fernández-Felipe Jesús , Merino Beatriz , Cano Victoria , Ruiz-Gayo Mariano , Del Olmo Nuria
Published: February 2022

Background

Short chain fatty acids (SCFA), such as butyric acid (BA), derived from the intestinal fermentation of dietary fiber and contained in dairy products, are gaining interest in relation to their possible beneficial effects on neuropsychological disorders

Methods

C57BL/6J male mice were used to investigate the effect of tributyrin (TB), a prodrug of BA, on hippocampus (HIP)-dependent spatial memory, HIP synaptic transmission and plasticity mechanisms, and the expression of genes and proteins relevant to HIP glutamatergic transmission.

Results

Ex vivo studies, carried out in HIP slices, revealed that TB can transform early-LTP into late-LTP (l-LTP) and to rescue LTP-inhibition induced by scopolamine. The facilitation of l-LTP induced by TB was blocked both by GW9662 (a PPARγ antagonist) and C-Compound (an AMPK inhibitor), suggesting the involvement of both PPARγ and AMPK on TB effects. Moreover, 48-hour intake of a diet containing 1% TB prevented, in adolescent but not in adult mice, scopolamine-induced impairment of HIP-dependent spatial memory. In the adolescent HIP, TB upregulated gene expression levels of Pparg, leptin, and adiponectin receptors, and that of the glutamate receptor subunits AMPA-2, NMDA-1, NMDA-2A, and NMDA-2B.

Conclusions

Our study shows that TB has a positive influence on LTP and HIP-dependent spatial memory, which suggests that BA may have beneficial effects on memory.
Cattle acclimate more substantially to repeated handling when confined individually in a pen than when assessed as a group
Authors: Parham Jamie T , Tanner Amy E , Blevins Sarah R , Wahlberg Mark L , Lewis Ronald M
Published: February 2022

Chute (CS) and exit (ES) scores are common subjective methods used to evaluate temperament in cattle production systems. A pen test, which allows behavior to be observed in a non-restrained setting, may also be an effective method to evaluate temperament by allowing more variation among animals to be expressed. The merit of pen scores in assisting producers in evaluating temperament is equivocal. The objectives of this study were to validate the usefulness of a pen score in delineating temperamental cattle and to determine whether these behavioral scores change under repeated and routine management. Over 3 consecutive years, a factorial design of two measurement protocols (frequent [F], infrequent [IN]) and three recording periods was used. The F measurements were collected over 3 consecutive days and IN measurements only on day 1 within a recording period. Each year, 20 mostly Angus commercial Bos taurus heifers were randomly assigned to each protocol. Behavior was measured using a CS, ES, and exit velocity. Body temperature and heart rate also were recorded. A fecal and blood sample were collected and analyzed for levels of various metabolites including glucose concentration and serum cortisol. Following routine handling, each heifers’ response to 30 s of exposure to a human stressor was recorded both individually and in groups of four. An individual (IPS) and group (GPS) pen scores were assigned from 1 (docile) to 6 (aggressive). For all heifers, protocol, event, and their interaction, were compared on the first day of an event. For F heifers, event and day within event were instead used. Body weight was included as a covariate, with sire and year fitted as random effects. Reliability of IPS and GPS were determined using a kappa (K) coefficient. Both IPS and GPS were reliably assigned (K = 0.64 and 0.44 for IPS and GPS, respectively) and positively correlated with body temperature, heart rate, glucose, and serum cortisol (r = 0.28 to 0.37). Furthermore, F heifers acclimated to repeated handling in an individual pen setting (P < 0.05) while acclimation to handling within groups was not evident (P > 0.14). IPS provides a reliable evaluation of temperament in a non-restrained setting that is indicative of an animal’s response to stress and may be useful when attempting to make phenotypic selection decisions. However, temperamental heifers became calmer with repeated gentle handling.