bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coupled stack-up volume RF coils for low-field MR imaging
Authors: Zhao Yunkun , Bhosale Aditya , Zhang Xiaoliang
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Low-field MRI has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its unique advantages in safety, cost-effectiveness and accessibility. However, lower field strength comes with an inherently lower SNR as its primary limitation. Goal(s): In this work, we introduce a novel volume RF coil design using coupled stack-up resonators to mitigate this challenge. Approach: To demonstrate the proposed design, we take 0.5T as an example field strength and designed a prototype coupled stack-up volume coil operating in the 20MHz range. Results: Compared to the birdcage coil, the proposed design significantly improves RF field efficiency and homogeneity, ultimately enhancing the performance of low-field MRI. Impact: The proposed stack-up volume coil outperforms the standard birdcage coil in B1 efficiency and field homogeneity at low fields, ultimately improving the performance of low-field MRI and advancing its applications.
An 8-channel transceiver and 56-channel receive array for combined brain and c-spine imaging at 7 tesla
Authors: Baskaran Divya , McElhinney Paul , Williams Sydney , Spiers Sarah , Ding Belinda , Fullerton Natasha , Porter David , Gunamony Shajan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Current methods for neuroimaging at 7T require separate coils for brain and c-spine imaging or rely on a 16-channel transmission setup for combined imaging. Goal(s): To develop a neurovascular (NV) coil with eight transmit channels (industry standard) with extended longitudinal coverage from the brain to the neck region. Approach: Based on coupled electromagnetic and circuit optimization, a modified coil configuration with six-upper and two-lower transceiver elements was constructed and integrated with a 56-channel receive array. Results: Measurements in vivo suggest that the proposed NV coil delivers diagnostic-quality images of the brain and spinal cord in a single acquisition. Impact: The 7T neurovascular coil, designed for concurrent brain and c-spine imaging, will extend the high-resolution capability of 7T-MRI to the routine diagnosis of diseases affecting soft tissues and vessels in the head and neck regions in clinical practice.
High linearity non-magnetic RF power amplifier for 5T MRI
Authors: Chen Jifeng , Wang Jiasheng , Liu Shengping , Rong Xinwei , Yang Xing , Chen Qiaoyan , Zhang Xiaoliang , Chu Xu , Zheng Hairong , Li Ye
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Accurate RF excitation in MRI requires a linear response from the radio-frequency power amplifier (RFPA). However, the conventional RF power amplifier (RFPA) used in MRI is typically located in the equipment room, which introduces complexity and significant signal losses. Additionally, it poses challenges to direct control of RF signals at the RF coil side. Goal(s): Design high power and high linearity RFPA which can operate in a strong magnetic field environment. Approach: The design incorporates non-magnetic high-power circuits and a negative feedback control module. Results: The amplifier exhibits high power and linearity characteristics during the bench testing. Impact: The proposed design method for non-magnetic RFPA can enhance the efficiency and linearity of RF excitation in MRI, multiple non-magnetic RFPAs will be fabricated to facilitate parallel transmission in 5T MRI.
Adaptable Twenty-Channel Supine Breast Coil for MRI
Authors: Vincent Jana , Taracila Victor , Robb Fraser
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Conventional MRI breast screening is performed in the prone position with rigid RF coils. These coils are uncomfortable and imaging area limited by patient size and positioning. Goal(s): Our goals were to improve patient comfort, accommodate varying breast sizes, and provide faster screening through an adaptable breast coil utilizing stretchable elements. Approach: A 20-channel breast coil was created with stretchable elements to accommodate varying bust sizes. Bench and phantom scans comparisons were made against an industry-standard flexible coil. Results: Compared to industry-standard, highly-flexible coils, this coil demonstrated better adaptability to larger breasts, with improved sensitivity along the breast contour, and better acceleration. Impact: Compared to the use of a traditional flexible coil of similar channel count for supine breast imaging, this coil can adapt to a wider range of breast sizes with easier setup, enhanced patient comfort, and performs better at greater acceleration.
An Integrated/Radiofrequency Wireless Neonatal Coil Array with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for Clock Synchronization in MRI
Authors: Dickinson Olivia Jo , Robb Fraser , Song Allen , Darnell Dean
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Wireless clock synchronization must be implemented to achieve a wireless MRI receive coil architecture. Goal(s): Our goal was to implement atomic clock timing via global navigation satellites signals (GNSS) to the receive coil in the scanner for high precision clock correction and synchronization. Approach: We performed benchtop measurements to measure the precision of clock correction achievable with GNSS and precision time protocol (PTP), as well as modified an iRFW coil to receive these GNSS signal from within the scanner bore. Results: Bench-top clock measurements showed nanosecond precision time-synchronization using PTP-GNSS, and the iRFW-GNSS successfully acquired atomic clock time signals within the scanner bore. Impact: The iRFW-GNSS coil design can perform the wireless transfer MRI data and clock-syntonization regardless of scanner platform allowing for wide spread adoption of wireless MRI for new and existing scanners.
Optimized design of stop-flow polarizer for hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI
Authors: Zeng Jie , Wang Xinpei , Wang Yulin , Zhu Yuliang , Niu Shengyang , Ke Shiying , Lin Lili , Yao Chendie , Meersmann Thomas , Wang Chengbo
Published: November 2024

Motivation: In the Spin Exchange Optical Pump (SEOP) technique, the spare space between pump cell and gas manifold, called dead space, might impact polarization through dilution and dark rubidium depolarization. Goal(s): This study aims to improve the design of the stop-flow polarizer to minimize dead gas and thus increase the polarization efficiency. Approach: A magnetic-compatible actuator was designed for automatic control of cell stem valves opening/closing in our homemade polarizer, with good adaptability of main pumping field, Class I laser regulation and mechanical deviation. Results: Results show that under the same temperature, the polarization levels with actuator were always better than the control group. Impact: The application of actuator in stop-flow polarizer shows the feasibility of improving polarization through minimizing dead space. It can be quite useful when acquiring small amount of HP gas but with higher requirement on polarization.
Development of an Inexpensive MRI-Compatible Force Measurement Device
Authors: Focht Michael , Kersh Mariana , Jung Kwan-Jin , Sutton Bradley
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Conventional load cells are not MRI-compatible, and MRI-compatible fiber optic force sensors are expensive and require specialized data collection systems. Goal(s): Our goal was to develop and test a low-cost, MRI-compatible device for continuous force measurement. Approach: We developed a hydraulic-based system for measuring continuous compressive forces within the magnet bore during scans. Results: Pre-cycling increased the measurement repeatability of the device. The device was completely MRI-compatible and measured continuous compressive forces while simultaneous MRI data was acquired. Impact: Our newly developed device is an inexpensive option for measuring continuous compressive forces during simultaneous MRI scans and is particularly useful for researchers who want to use a conventional electronic data acquisition system.
FARADAY PASSIVE SHIELDING & EFFECTIVENESS TESTING, EMI DETECTION & CANCELLATION USING A SINGLE RF COIL IN 48mT, 2 MHz POINT-OF-CARE LOW FIELD MRI.
Authors: Amodoi Ronald
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Point-of-Care Low Field MRI scanners are predominantly stifled by generic time-varying EMI, engendered by adjoined scanner electronics, environmental interference & radiation close to the lamor frequency and extraneous , creating decreased signal-to-noise ratio and artifacts on images. Goal(s): Passive Faraday Shielding & Effectiveness Testing, EMI Detection, Cancellation using a single RF coil. Approach: Passive Faraday Shielding using Aluminium and Copper sheets, Shielding Effectiveness testing using calibrated transmitters and receivers, EMI detection & cancellation using a single RF coil. Results: Faraday Passive Shielding done and upto 74dB EMI attenuation effective. Active EMI detection & cancellation showed EMI reduction up to approximately 53% in signal strength and 46% image quality. Impact: Broadband and Structured EMI elimination using passive faraday shielding with additional suppression techniques like system grounding, detection and elimination using a single coil will significantly improve signal strength by curbing signal loss and consequently better image quality.
A 6-dipole preamplifier-decoupled parallel-transceive array with a 16-loop receive array for NHP brain imaging at 7 T.
Authors: Djaballah Elias , Giacomini Eric , Gapais Paul-François , Amadon Alexis , ZHU Qi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Imaging the brains of non-human primates (NHPs) at ultra-high field (UHF) is challenging, especially for whole-brain functional imaging in awake NHPs where high SNR is needed. Goal(s): To design a dedicated system that overcomes challenges associated with UHF imaging and enhances signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for high-quality NHP brain imaging. Approach: We developed a 6-dipole parallel-transceive array, and a 16-loop receive array, optimized through electromagnetic simulations. We implemented preamplifier-decoupled dipoles to reduce coupling issues. Results: The system showed good preamplifier-decoupling levels. Our dipoles’ implementation reduced experimental noise matching issues and EM simulations shows an SNR improvement. Impact: Our 6pTx/22Rx antenna should improve awake NHP brain imaging at UHF, including transceive preamplifier-decoupled dipoles, designed for a specific imaging setup.
Geometry Matters: High Performance Acceleration with Twisted Pair and Conventional Coil Designs at 7T MRI
Authors: Vliem Jules , Zivkovic Irena
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Driven by the potential of the highly flexible twisted pair coil in creating unique sensitivity patterns for optimal acceleration. Goal(s): To compare geometry factors of the twisted pair and conventional copper coils, exploring effective arrangements for various coil shapes. Approach: Simulations of eight-element arrays containing circular and elongated coils; assessing geometry factors and the impact of random coil placements. Results: Findings emphasize similar geometry factors between the twisted pair and conventional coils. Moreover, random coil setups around a phantom do not inherently improve geometry factors. Impact: A comparison between twisted pair and conventional coils shows similar performance in g-factors. The flexibility of the twisted pair can be used to improve the g-factor but more work is required in finding the optimal shape of these coils.
A self-decoupled 20/32-channel Tx/Rx array for simultaneous brain and spinal cord MRI at 7T
Authors: Chai Shuyang , Lu Ming , Zhu Yue , Gore John , Yan Xinqiang
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Simultaneous functional imaging of the brain and spinal cord can offer valuable insights into the interactions and processing pathways between these organsGoal(s): The goal is to build an transmit array and receive array for 7T the brain and spinal cord MRI. Approach: The approach uses corner-fed self-decoupling for transmit array and center-fed self-decoupling for receive array. Results: A 20-channel modular self-decoupled transmit array and 32-channel overlapped receive array were fabricated. Both arrays exhibit excellent matching performance, acceptable decoupling, and high detuning ability. Thanks to the self-decoupling technology, both arrays are splitable which simplifies the setup and allows for easier access by subjects. Impact: The proposed device will solve the hardware issue and permit studies of healthy subjects to improve our understanding of the resting-state connectivity and interaction between the brain and spinal cord, compensating impaired sensory, motor, or autonomic functions in neurological disorders.
Sodium and Proton Knee MRI using a 32 Channel Transmit and Receive Modular Array at 7.0 Tesla
Authors: Moffat Bradford , Glarin Rebecca , Blunck Yasmin , Sava Tudor , Green Edward , Berangi Mostafa , Waiczies Helmar , Niendorf Thoralf , Johnston Leigh
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Overcome the limitations of current sodium/proton knee coil configurations using a flexible RF coil array systemGoal(s): Acceptance testing of a 32 channel (16 proton and 16 sodium) RF coil array and demonstrate applicability for sodium and proton MRI of the knee. Approach: 8 hexagonal modules (4 coils each) were assembled in a volumetric configuration, with sodium and proton MRI quality assessed for phantom and human knee imaging. Results: High quality sodium volumetric images of the knee were obtained while anatomical proton images were achieved using a standard TSE sequence with additional GRAPPA acceleration and without repositioningImpact: A 32 channel modular array has been demonstrated to be an effective and flexible solution for both proton and sodium MRI of the knee. Sodium sensitivity was optimised while maintaining proton performance sufficient to acquire accelerated high quality anatomical images.
Design and Construction of Integrated MC/RF Hardware for MRI of the Human Brain
Authors: Ianniello Carlotta , Theilenberg Sebastian , Zinghini Isabelle , Vaughan Thomas , Juchem Christoph
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Multi-coil (MC) B0 shimming provides unrivaled brain shimming, yet early proof-of-concept implementations with preexisting RF hardware suffered from coupling and reduced sensitivity. Goal(s): The design and realization of integrated MC/RF hardware for dynamic MC technique (DYNAMITE) B0 shimming of the human brain at 3T at full RF sensitivity. Approach: We experimentally validate previously derived theoretical strategies for the minimization of MC-to-RF coupling and design integrated MC/RF hardware for MRI of the human brain. Results: Great agreement was found between direct coupling measurements and simulated magnetic field flux, which was used in our previous work as a proxy of coupling due to mutual inductance. Impact: Once the hardware construction and implementation with clinical MRI protocols is complete, the novel MC/RF setup is expected to improve diagnostic imaging in brain areas suffering from inhomogeneous B0 conditions.
Assessing RF-induced heating safety of MRI scans with shoulder implants at 7T
Authors: Bhattacharyya Pallab , Dickson Jess , Ho Jason , Jones Stephen , Lowe Mark
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Brain MRI with shoulder implants are often contraindicated at 7T with head coils due to possibility of radiofrequency (RF)-induced heating. Such implants are not uncommon in older adults; contraindication results in increasing proportion of elderly to be denied high-field scans. Assessing heating safety of MRI at 7T with implants is of significance. Goal(s): To measure shoulder implant heating during MRI at 7T with pTx head coils and assess safety thereof. Approach: Temperature of a reverse total shoulder implant was measured with fluoroptic sesnors during MRI at Siemens 7T Terra with pTX head coil. Results: No significant heating (>1°C) of the implant was observed. Impact: Findings from this study may enable brain scanning individuals with shoulder implant at 7T, thus making improved image quality a possibility.
Clinical study on distinguishing Triple-Negative Breast Cancer from Non-Triple-Negative Breast Cancer using 3D-APT and DWI
Authors: Lyu Saiqun , Peng Tao , Xiao Jianming , Li Lin , Zhang Miaoqi , Xie Lizhi , Liang Huilou
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly malignant and prognostically challenging subtype of breast cancer often elusive in conventional MRI scans [1.4.5]. Three-Dimensional Amide Proton Transfer Imaging (3D-APT), a non-invasive molecular imaging technique, shows promise in improving TNBC diagnosis. Goal(s): This study aimed toinvestigate the diagnostic potential of 3D-APT, alone and in conjunction with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), in distinguishing TNBC from non-TNBC. Approach: Quantitative analysis and comparison of APTw and DWI were conducted. Results: Results revealed higher APTw and ADC values in TNBC compared to non-TNBC. Both APTw and DWI exhibit commendable diagnostic efficiency individually, while their combined application demonstrates superior discriminatory power. Impact: These findings provide essential insights for tailoring individualized treatment strategies and assessing prognosis in clinical practice.
Different MRI-based radiomics models for distinguishing misdiagnosed or ambiguous pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumor: A multicenter study
Authors: yang jing , bi qiu , wu kunhua , wu Yunzhu
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Enhance the accuracy of distinguishing misdiagnosed or ambiguous cases of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and Warthin tumor (WT). Goal(s): This study aims to construct various MRI-based radiomics models employing different machine learning classifiers to determine the optimal models for identifying misdiagnosed or ambiguous PA and WT cases. Approach: we evaluate the effectiveness of various MRI-based radiomics models. Results: A nomogram demonstrates exceptional and consistent diagnostic performance. In routine practice, combining clinical parameters is essential for distinguishing between PA and WT. Impact: MRI-based radiomics models can effectively differentiate misdiagnosed or ambiguous cases of PA and WT. The nomogram is a valuable tool for preoperatively and non-invasively distinguishing between PA and WT, a task often challenging for clinicians and radiologists before surgery.
The quantitative parameters based on IVIM andDCE-MRI in predicting the efficacy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Wang Nan , Wang Lijun , Guan Haonan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: This study aims to establish a predictive model based on IVIM and DCE-MRI that could ultimately improve the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Goal(s): This research paves the way for more effective and tailored treatment approaches for NPC patients. Approach: Patients in the CR group and the NCR group underwent IVIM and DCE-MRI experiments and their quantitative parameters were compared. Results: The CR group exhibited higher Ktrans value and lower D and ADC values compared to the NCR group. ROC analysis showed that the AUC values of Ktrans, D and ADC before treatment were approximately 0.772, 0.751, and 0.699, respectively. Impact: Early prediction of the efficacy of NPC patients can optimize the treatment plans, functional MRI techniques can offer insights into the pathological and physiological state of living tissues before morphological changes, prolong their survival, and hold immense clinical significance.
Investigation of Texture Features in Head and Neck Cancer: Preliminary Results for Early Radiation Therapy induced Changes
Authors: Fritz Victor , Schwartz Martin , Kübler Jens , Habrich Jonas , Böke Simon , Thorwarth Daniela , Nikolaou Konstantin , Schick Fritz
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Radiomic texture features are considered promising biomarkers for tumor’s response to therapy. Goal(s): To identify texture features that can enhance predictive accuracy regarding tumor treatment outcomes. Approach: The study included 13 patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiation therapy, with MRI (T2w, DWI) conducted before treatment and during early-treatment phase. Image processing, tumor segmentation, and feature extraction are performed. Results: Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with a Holm-Bonferroni correction reveals that Skewness in T2w-images exhibits significant changes during early treatment. This finding suggests that this feature may hold promise for predicting therapeutic responses, although larger studies are needed to confirm these results. Impact: The study's preliminary findings suggest that Skewness in T2w images may have the potential to provide useful information for early response assessment in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy, warranting further investigation to confirm its clinical significance.
A magnetic resonance imaging-based lymph node regression grading scheme for nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy
Authors: Cao Di , Liang Zhiying , Deng Kan , Zhu Siyu
Published: November 2024

Motivation: After curative radiotherapy (RT), there is no commonly accepted method to distinguish between patients with residual disease that may eventually cause disease progression and those who are already cured of the disease in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Goal(s): We proposed a four-category MRI-based lymph node regression (MRI-LRG) grading system to investigate its prognostic value for NPC after RT. Approach: 387 NPC patients were included in this retrospective study. Lymph node regression grade was assessed on MRI based on the areal analysis of RT-induced fibrosis and the residual tumor. Results: Our results showed that MRI-based LRG was an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival. Impact: A nomogram, based on LRG-sum, pretreatment EBV DNA, post-RT EBV DNA, sex and N stage factors, was proved to be useful to facilitate risk stratification in NPC. This approach might help to stratify treatment modalities and develop a more effective tailored surveillance program in patients with NPC.
Quantitative MRI parameters of amide proton transfer and diffusion kurtosis imaging in the evaluation of breast cancer
Authors: Shan Haiyan , Liao Chengde , Ke Tengfei , Bao Shasha , Liu Yifan , Xu Yongzhou , Yang Jun
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Limited clinical studies have explored the potential of Amide Proton Transfer Weighted Imaging (APTWI) in discriminating between benign and malignant breast lesions and molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Goal(s): This study aims to assess the clinical utility of APTWI and DKI in the evaluation of benign and malignant breast diseases and the determination of molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Approach: We quantitatively analyzed lesions in breast MRI scans of patients prior to surgery and evaluated the diagnostic value of each quantitative parameter. Results: APTWI did not exhibit superior diagnostic efficacy compared to DKI and ADC in characterizing the molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Impact: Our study underscores that APT imaging, as a novel quantitative magnetic resonance technique, does not confer a diagnostic advantage over DKI and ADC in the context of breast disease assessment.
Amide proton transfer weighted imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging in differentiating breast lesions by comparing with BI-RADS
Authors: Ma Yingying , Wang Peng , Shao Lin , Ge Yuxi , Qiao Hongyan , Yang Xiao , Dou Weiqiang , Hu Shudong
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) is an internationally recognized scoring standard for the diagnosis of breast lesions, but it is highly subjective. Goal(s): To evaluate the diagnostic performance of amide proton transfer weighted imaging (APTWI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in terms of differentiating breast lesions and to compare them with the BI-RADS independently or jointly. Approach: Prospective cohort studyResults: APTWI and DKI can be used to distinguish breast lesions. The combination with APTWI and DKI can significantly improve the AUC values and specificity when compared with BI-RADS alone. The APTWI+DKI+BI-RADS has the best diagnostic performance in distinguishing breast lesions. Impact: The combined APTWI and DKI outperformed BI-RADS alone in distinguishing benign and malignant breast lesions.
Mapping 1H MR metabolites to transcriptomics and mass spectrometry imaging in PDAC
Authors: Yousf Saleem , Sharma Raj , Krishnamachary Balaji , Glunde Kristine , Tressler Caitlin , Goggins Michael , Bhujwalla Zaver
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) creates an urgent need to identify new targets. PDAC is a metabolically active cancer that is glutamine avid. Goal(s): We downregulated the glutamine transporter, SLC1A5, in the patient-derived human cancer cell line, Pa04C, and observed significant tumor growth delay. Approach: High-field, high-resolution 1H MRS was performed of extracts from wild type, empty vector, and SLC1A5 downregulated tumors that was mapped to transcriptomic analysis of the corresponding cells, and to mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of human normal and PDAC tissue. Results: Common pathways were identified from the analysis that identify new targets for PDAC. Impact: This study contributes to our comprehension of how the glutamate transporter SLC1A5 impacts the transcriptomics of pancreatic cancer cells, influences tumor metabolism, and its connection to variations in human PDAC metabolism. These findings could provide new insights into PDAC cancer.
The value of Synthetic Magnetic Resonance Imaging in differentiating Muscular Invasion in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxian , Chen Xuejun , Xu Chunmiao , Guo Jinxia , Yun You
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The evaluation of muscular invasion in bladder cancer is essential for determining the optimal surgical approach for patients1. The application of Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MAGic resonance imaging, MAGiC) in assessing muscular invasion has not been reported previously2. Goal(s): To assess the value of MAGiC in diagnosing muscular invasion in bladder cancer. Approach: This study evaluated the differences of T1/T2/ADC and VI-RADS between non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive lesions and the differentiation performance of the indices. Results: Improved diagnosis performance was obtained with combined T2 relaxometry and VI-RADS in compared with each single index. Impact: The findings of this study demonstrate that quantitative MRI parameters enhance the precision and objectivity of assessing muscular invasion in bladder cancer, exhibiting minimal dependence on the clinical experience of diagnostic physician, thus holding promise for their wide-ranging application.
Added value of T1 mapping derived phenotypes and polygenic risk score (PRS) for the prediction of common cardiac diseases
Authors: Liu Meng , Wang Shuo , Yu Mengyao , Sun Longyu , Sun Mengting , Hu Xumei , Li Qing , Zhang Xinyu , Chu Yinghua , Wang Chengyan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Limited attention has been given to the evaluation of the predictive capacity of T1 mapping in the context of cardiac diseases in the present. Goal(s): To improve clinical diagnostic precision by integrating T1 value of different AHA segments into the prediction model and find the important AHA segments for cardiac diseases prediction. Approach: Our study employed nnU-Net to segment T1 mapping images, then to quantify T1 values of AHA segments to establish a hybrid prediction model for some common cardiac diseases. Results: The results demonstrate that the incorporation of the hybrid prediction model with T1 mapping leads to enhanced performance. Impact: The added value of T1 mapping enhanced the performance of the common cardiac disease prediction model. It empowered clinicians to identify potential cardiac issues earlier and making clinicians pay more attention to certain AHA segments of the cardiac diseases.
Native T1 Mapping Radiomics for Classifying Severity of Pulmonary Regurgitation in Patients with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Peng Jo-Hua , Wu Ming-Ting , Pan Nai-Yu , Huang Teng-Yi , Liu Yi-Jui , Weng Ken-Pen , Peng Hsu-Hsia
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Pulmonary regurgitation (PR) severity is an important prognostic indicator in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) patients. Radiomics analysis may reveal hidden information about cardiomyopathy in these patients. Goal(s): This study aimed to develop a radiomics-based classification model by native T1 mapping to identify rTOF patients with moderate-to-severe PR and severe PR. Approach: A total of 623 radiomic features were extracted from native T1 mapping. We used machine learning for feature selection to identify the best radiomic features that maximize the diagnostic value for classifying cardiac diseases. Results: Optimal performance was achieved in the proposed segmental mid-slice T1 mapping model. Impact: The segmental mid-slice radiomics of native T1 mapping showed better classification performance than conventional native T1 values in identifying rTOF patients with moderate-to-severe PR and severe PR. The discerned tissue characteristics offered additional physiopathological information beyond native T1 values.
A Study on the Feasibility and Accuracy of Rapid T1 Mapping Utilizing Deep Learning Techniques in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Li Weisu , Yang Fan , Li Jing , Hu Junpu , Xu Jian , Liu Qing , Li Dong
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To overcome limitations of prolonged acquisition and breath-hold(BH) times in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR), specifically MOLLI sequence, enhance patient comfort and compliance. Goal(s): Aimed to validate MyoMapNet sequence with inline reconstruction against the standard MOLLI protocol, focusing on image quality and T1 measurement accuracy, reducing scan time and BH durations. Approach: 20 subjects were imaged using two sequences. Image quality was assessed via edge sharpness and signal intensity ratios,T1 accuracy was determined through myocardial segment analysis. Results: MyoMapNet achieved comparable image quality and T1 accuracy to MOLLI with shorter acquisition times, demonstrating no significant difference in myocardial and blood pool T1 values. Impact: MyoMapNet offers a rapid and reliable alternative for myocardial T1 mapping, reducing scan time and heart rate dependence, which can improve patient throughput and comfort in clinical CMR workflows. Future studies will expand to post-contrast T1 values and ECVs.
A self-supervised motion-correction approach for cardiac T1 mapping
Authors: Lian Yu , Liu Zixing , Wang Ancong , Fan Yingwei , Ding Haiyan , Tang Xiaoying , Guo Rui
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Deep-learning algorithm has the potential to alleviate the impaction from motion in myocardial T1 mapping. However, there is no ground truth for the training. Goal(s): The aim of this study is to develop a deep learning-based algorithm to correct motion in myocardial T1 mapping using a self-supervised manner. Approach: We proposed a deep-learning approach and trained it using synthesized reference from the input T1-weighted images, eliminating the need for ground truth. Results: Our results indicated that a self-supervised deep-learning approach could align the left-ventricle myocardium and therefore improve the T1 map quaintly and accuracy. Impact: A self-supervised deep-learning approach could automatically perform motion correction for cardiovascular magnetic resonance T1 mapping, alleviating the impaction from motion and improving the quality of pixel-wise T1 map.
Accelerating Free Breathing Motion-Corrected Late Gadolinium Enhancement Imaging Using Simultaneous Multi-Slice Imaging
Authors: Kowalik Grzegorz , Kunze Karl , Bosio Filippo , Speier Peter , Staeb Daniel , Neji Radhouene , Razavi Reza , Nazir Sohaib , Chiribiri Amedeo , Roujol Sébastien
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Free breathing motion-corrected late gadolinium enhancement (FB-MOCO-LGE) is commonly used for scar assessment in patients unable to breathhold. Reduction of FB-MOCO-LGE scan time will contribute reducing overall examination time and cost. Goal(s): To evaluate the potential of simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) imaging in reducing FB-MOCO-LGE acquisition time while maintaining image quality. Approach: To Implement a 2x SMS-bSSFP technique with phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) reconstruction. Evaluation of FB-MOCO-LGE and SMS FB-MOCO-LGE was conducted on 20 patients. Results: The SMS approach demonstrated a significant two-fold reduction in acquisition time without compromising myocardial sharpness or signal-to-noise ratio and minimal impact on image quality. Impact: SMS-enabled FB-MOCO-LGE enables halves acquisition time with minimal on image quality. Therefore, this approach show promise for reducing LGE protocol duration and cost of cardiac MRI examination.
Predicting Late Gadolinium Enhancement of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Contrast-free Cardiac Cine MRI using Deep Generative Learning
Authors: Qian Pengfang , Dongaolei An , Lianming Wu , Qi Haikun
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Although late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) imaging is widely used for diagnosing myocardial infarction (MI), contrast-free approaches are in need for patients with gadolinium contraindications. Goal(s): To develop Cine Generated Enhancement (CGE), a novel technique that uses contrast-free cine images to predict images resembling LGE. Approach: A deep generative model was trained to translate cine images into LGE images of acute MI exploiting the different motion dynamics between heathy and infarcted myocardium. Results: Realistic enhancement images can be generated for acute MI patients using cine images unseen during training. The scar size and transmurality estimated with CGE agreed well with LGE. Impact: This study presents an effective, non-invasive, and contrast-free method for predicting LGE in acute MI, potentially reducing the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents and shortening cardiac MR examinations.
Rapid 2D Myocardial Late Gadolinium Enhancement Imaging with Resolution Enhancement Generative Adversarial Inline Neural Network
Authors: Demirel Omer , Wallace Tess , Pierce Patrick , Johnson Scott , Assana Salah , Rodriguez Jennifer , Arcand Kathryn , Chow Kelvin , Manning Warren , Nezafat Reza
Published: November 2024

Motivation: 2D high-resolution late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging can benefit from shorter scan times. Current acceleration techniques lead large signal-to-noise (SNR) penalties, reducing diagnostic quality while longer breath-holds increases scan time and makes the imaging susceptible to artifacts. Goal(s): To assess the feasibility of a rapid 2D LGE imaging using Resolution Enhancement Generative Adversarial Inline Neural Network (REGAIN). Approach: Images were acquired with 3.3 and 5.7-fold accelerations, reconstructed using REGAIN, and compared with 1.8-fold GRAPPA acceleration. Results: REGAIN successfully improved visual image sharpness in LGE images acquired with 3.3-fold (~6-second) and 5.7-fold (~10-second) accelerations. Image quality was comparable to 1.8-fold (~16-second) GRAPPA acceleration. Impact: REGAIN enables accelerated LGE imaging with significantly reduced breath-hold duration.
Free Breathing Single-Beat Myocardial Late Gadolinium Enhancement Imaging
Authors: Demirel Omer , Wallace Tess , Pierce Patrick , Johnson Scott , Assana Salah , Rodriguez Jennifer , Arcand Kathryn , Chow Kelvin , Manning Warren , Nezafat Reza
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To overcome the limitations of LGE imaging, including respiratory motion artifacts and lengthy scan times, while enhancing myocardial scar imaging. Goal(s): To develop a deep learning-based free-breathing single-beat LGE. Approach: Free-breathing single-beat low-resolution 2D LGE images are acquired and followed by resolution enhancement generative adversarial inline neural network (REGAIN) to enhance the spatial resolution. Each slice was acquired in a single beat, followed by one beat for signal recovery. The entire left ventricular dataset was acquired in 20 heartbeats. Results: REGAIN improved image sharpness and quality of single-beat 2D LGE acquired with 4.7-fold acceleration with spatial resolution of 1.5 × 5 mm2. Impact: A rapid single-beat 2D LGE imaging can reduce CMR scan time, increase patient comfort, and reduce sensitivity to breathing motion.
Quantitative Myocardial MR Perfusion: Accurate Delay Estimation through Deep-Learning based Outlier Detection
Authors: Brahma Sherine , Kofler Andreas , Schaeffter Tobias , Chiribiri Amedeo , Kolbitsch Christoph
Published: November 2024

Motivation: While extensive research has explored robust pixel-wise quantification of myocardial blood flow, there is also a need for further investigation into accurate myocardial signal delay estimation, given its diagnostic value, for enhancing conventional clinical myocardial perfusion protocols. Goal(s): We seek to address the primary challenges in calculating delay and improve its estimation accuracy. Approach: We introduce a deep learning approach designed to recognize motion artifacts as outliers along the temporal signal curve of each voxel, subsequently eliminating them from the perfusion quantification process. Results: Our findings suggest that eliminating outliers enhances the accuracy of perfusion delay parameter estimation in scenarios with residual motion. Impact: Enhancing the precision of delay estimation will increase its diagnostic value as a biomarker, offering crucial insights into the identification of perfusion defects in ischemic hearts.
3 Contrasts in 3 Minutes: Rapid, High-Resolution, and CT-like Head and Neck Imaging by Dual-RF, Dual-Echo UTE
Authors: Vu Brian-Tinh , Kamona Nada , Lee Hyunyeol , Jones Brandon , Rajapakse Chamith , Wehrli Felix
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Reduction of ionizing radiation for repeat CT imaging of pediatric patients with craniosynostosis.Goal(s): Develop an MRI method for rapid, high-resolution skull imaging with CT-like contrast. Approach: A dual-echo UTE sequence acquires 2 image echoes (proton density-weighted and T1-weighted) in 3 minutes at a voxel size of 0.65x0.65x0.65 mm. A new joint ℓ0-wavelet regularizer and an improved method for calculating the third image with CT-like contrast are developed. Results: In 3 minutes of scan time, 3 co-registered high-resolution images with 3 different contrasts are simultaneously acquired. Image quality is not hindered by the aggressive acceleration factor. Short-T2 specific images strongly resemble CT images. Impact: We present a bone-specific dual-echo UTE MRI method that facilitates unimodal, single-session radiology for pediatric patients with craniosynostosis. The method does not involve ionizing radiation and may reduce the lifetime risk of cancer for patients indicated for repeat CT scans.
Quantitative evaluation of bone marrow microenvironment of the lumbar and sacroiliac joints in ankylosing spondylitis by MRI mDixon-Quant
Authors: LI Yu , Song* Ling , Cheng jun , WU Peng , Sui He , Liang Chen
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The development of ankylosing spondylitis(AS) is associated with alterations in bone marrow microenvironment. Goal(s): To quantitatively analyze changes and correlations of the lumbar and sacroiliac joints bone marrow microenvironment in AS using MRI mDixon-Quant. Approach: Fat fraction (FF) and T2* were measured in the lumbar, bone marrow edema (BME), fat metaplasia (FM) of sacroiliac joints. Results: FF value in the lumbar of the AS group demonstrated a significant increase compared to the normal control group, positively correlating with FF value in FM of sacroiliac joints. FF and T2* showed significant differences between BME and FM in sacroiliac joints. Impact: FF and T2* values help to quantitatively analyze variations in the bone marrow microenvironment of lumbar and sacroiliac joints in AS, providing MRI evidence for the mechanism of osteoporosis in AS, while also guiding clinical treatment for inflammation-associated osteopenia.
MR‑based proton density fat fractions of the vertebral bone marrow and paraspinal muscle are associated with BMD from QCT in patients with LBP
Authors: Li Ze , Chen Junrong , Liang Huilou
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The relationship between vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) and fat composition of adjacent vertebral body and paraspinal muscle in patients with low back pain (LBP) remains unclear. Goal(s): To investigate the association between vertebral BMD and the fat fractions of vertebral bone marrow and paraspinal muscle in LBP patients. Approach: A retrospective study was conducted on LBP patients who underwent both quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and chemical shift-encoded MRI examinations. Results: Age, fat fractions of bone marrow and psoas major are independent factors that influence vertebral bone mineral density. Impact: The fat fraction of vertebral bone marrow and paraspinal muscles independently influences bone mineral density. The MR-based fat fractions may potentially predict osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures without radiation, providing a safer way to diagnose osteoporotic vertebral fractures and associated complications.
Toward efficient arterial spin labeling imaging of knee bone marrow at 7T by utilizing a localized parallel transmit water excitation pulse design
Authors: Li Xiufeng , Waks Matt , Ugurbil Kamil , Ellermann Jutta , Adriany Gregor , Metzger Gregory , Wu Xiaoping
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To make knee bone marrow arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging a viable and clinically practical approach. Goal(s): To increase knee bone marrow ASL imaging signal-to-noise efficiency and quality by using parallel transmit spatial-spectral localized water excitation pulses for ASL image readouts. Approach: Spatial-spectral water excitation pulses inside a 2D arbitrarily-shaped region of interest were designed and validated in a knee phantom and healthy volunteers using an 8-channel transceiver knee coil. Results: The designed spatial-spectral pulses could produce localized water excitation inside targeted regions with effective fat suppression. Impact: The validated pulse design provides an effective way for localized water excitation and eliminate the need for additional fat saturation with reduced RF power deposition, having a great potential to improve knee ASL imaging efficiency at ultrahigh field.
Deep Learning based de-noising and segmentation of Real-Time 3D Kinematic Imaging of the knee for modeling patellofemoral bone kinematics
Authors: Hales Laurel , Gatti Anthony , Chaudhari Akshay , Kogan Feliks
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Joint Maltracking or improper loading cannot be assessed with conventional, static MRI. Goal(s): Demonstrate the feasibility of using images without motion to de-noise and segment real-time 4D images and generate 4D moving models. Approach: In 31 subjects, a fully sampled image and many highly-undersampled images reconstructed from the same data acquired without motion are used to train a neural network to generate artifact-free images and bone segmentations for images acquired with motion. Results: The resulting real-time images are recognizable however more work is needed to improve the reliability of the segmentation, especially in cases of large-scale or fast motion. Impact: Deep learning based de-noising and segmentation of real-time 3D kinematic MR imaging make it possible to model knee kinematics and open the doors for the study of the knee in motion and under load for improved identification of pain generators.
Correlation between vertebral bone marrow T2* value and bone mineral density and its role in diagnosing osteoporosis
Authors: Zhang Yan , CHEN Junrong , LIANG Huilou
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The relationship between vertebral bone marrow T2* value and bone mineral density (BMD) has been rarely reported and remains controversial. Goal(s): The study aimed to analyze the correlation between T2* and BMD and evaluate the efficacy of T2* in diagnosing osteoporosis. Approach: The IDEAL IQ MR Sequence was used to measure vertebral bone marrow T2* and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was used to measure BMD. Results: Vertebral T2* was negatively correlated with BMD. While T2* can serve as a supplementary indicator for diagnosing osteoporosis, it should not be relied upon as the sole diagnostic indicator. Impact: MRI-based T2* value provides a safer way for quantitative assessment of OP, and may be used as a complement to BMD to improve the accuracy of early diagnosis of OP.
Comparison of water T1 and T2 dynamics in lower extremity muscles under cuff compression paradigm
Authors: VERMEULEN Eléonore , Baudin Pierre-Yves , Fromes Yves , Boisserie Jean-Marc , Marty Benjamin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Water-T2 (T2H2O) is a frequently used biomarker of neuromuscular active muscle damage. Complementarity with water-T1 (T1H2O) has been recently suggested, with significant correlations found between T1H2O and T2H2O values in subject with different neuromuscular disorders. Goal(s): In this work, we aimed to explore the behavior of these two biomarkers in the calf muscles of healthy volunteers under different physiological conditions. Approach: T1H2O and T2H2O were measured under different vascular filling conditions expected to modify muscle extracellular volume. Results: There was a significant correlation between T1H2O and T2H2O values in all conditions. T1H2O and T2H2O variations correlated only between the draining and recovery condition. Impact: Water relaxation times T1H2O and T2H2O were measured in the calves of volunteers under different vascular filling conditions. Their distinct behavior suggests that these two biomarkers are complementary in the study of neuromucular diseases.
Imaging biomarkers of skeletal muscle strength across the lifespan
Authors: Mazzoli Valentina , Vainberg Yael , Hall Mary , Asay Jessica , Delp Scott , Kogan Feliks , Gold Garry
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Physical therapy and exercise are proposed to slow down the aging-associated loss in muscle strength, but it is currently not known which compositional or architectural aspects of skeletal muscle cause reduced muscle strength. Goal(s): Our goal was to exploit quantitative MRI to identify determinants of muscle strength production across the lifespan. Approach: We used quantitative MRI (fat fraction, diffusion parameters, fiber length and muscle T2) to predict quadriceps torque (n=24, 30-80 y/o). Results: We found that the inclusion of FA greatly improved the prediction of torque over morphology alone. This might be explained with modifications of fiber typing with aging. Impact: We have demonstrated that DTI parameters provide quantitative metrics of muscle quality which can be used to study force production in skeletal muscle, independently of volume. These compositional aspects might be amenable to interventions and provide specific targets for treatment.
Large-scale analysis of subregional thigh muscle volumes on Dixon MRI and potential clinical utility
Authors: Huang Fan , Lian Jie , Vardhanabhuti Varut
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Asymmetrical muscle atrophy and hypertrophy are known to occur in muscular atrophy. Musclar subtle changes are important indicators for early detection and tracking changes longitudinally with intervention. Goal(s): To automatically segment thigh muscle subregions and assess their muscular volume and trends with ageing on large-scale data. Approach: We trained nnU-Net for thigh muscle segmentation, and applied on the UK-Biobank data to assess the association between muscular volume and aging and diseases. Results: Thigh musclar volume decreases as we are aging, and is significantly inversely associated with type-2 diabetes, hyptertebnsion and dementia. Impact: Lower volume of the anterior thigh muscle was found in type-2 diabetes, hypertension and dementia patients. Lower volumes of the medial and posterior thigh muscle were found in dementia patients.