bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistencia genética a enfermedades
Authors: Gaitán Alvaro
Published: July 2022

Entre las alternativas de manejo de enfermedades, además de los controles químico, biológico y cultural, se encuentra el control genético, que se refiere al uso de la resistencia a los patógenos y que ocurre de manera natural en las poblaciones. En plantas silvestres, la regeneración biológica y la diversidad genética impiden que un organismo afecte de manera significativa a la población ya que en estos ecosistemas se presenta un "equilibrio armónico", en el cual no predominan plantas con mayor resistencia, ni razas de patógenas con mayor virulencia.
Volcamiento o mal del tallito. Rhizoctonia solani Kühn.
Authors: Gaitán Alvaro
Published: July 2022

De esta enfermedad que ataca al cafeto en la etapa de germinación, se presentan los síntomas, organismo causante, epidemiología y manejo. Esta enfermedad puede ocasionar la pérdida total o parcial del germinador, con el consecuente atraso en la programación de labores de la finca y la pérdida de la inversión realizada.
Listeria Necrotizing Cellulitis: A Case Report
Authors: Abi Rached Emilio , Maamari Julian , Al Kotob Abdulrahman , Mokhbat Jacques
Published: July 2022

Listeria-associated soft tissue infections are exceedingly rare and are typically seen in immunocompromised individuals, with the usual culprit being Listeria monocytogenes. We report the first ever case of a Listeria grayi associated soft tissue infection, in a previously healthy young man 3 months after recovery from COVID-19 infection.
Predictions for the Dynamical States of the Didymos System before and after the Planned DART Impact
Authors: Richardson Derek C. , Agrusa Harrison F. , Barbee Brent , Bottke William F. , Cheng Andrew F. , Eggl Siegfried , Ferrari Fabio , Hirabayashi Masatoshi , Karatekin Özgür , McMahon Jay , Schwartz Stephen R. , Ballouz Ronald-Louis , Bagatin Adriano Campo , Dotto Elisabetta , Fahnestock Eugene G. , Fuentes-Muñoz Oscar , Gkolias Ioannis , Hamilton Douglas P. , Jacobson Seth A. , Jutzi Martin , Lyzhoft Josh , Makadia Rahil , Meyer Alex J. , Michel Patrick , Nakano Ryota , Noiset Guillaume , Raducan Sabina D. , Rambaux Nicolas , Rossi Alessandro , Sánchez Paul , Scheeres Daniel J. , Soldini Stefania , Stickle Angela M. , Tanga Paolo , Tsiganis Kleomenis , Zhang Yun
Published: July 2022

NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft is planned to impact the natural satellite of (65803) Didymos, Dimorphos, at around 23:14 UTC on 2022 September 26, causing a reduction in its orbital period that will be measurable with ground-based observations. This test of kinetic impactor technology will provide the first estimate of the momentum transfer enhancement factor β at a realistic scale, wherein the ejecta from the impact provide an additional deflection to the target. Earth-based observations, the LICIACube spacecraft (to be detached from DART prior to impact), and ESA’s follow-up Hera mission, to launch in 2024, will provide additional characterizations of the deflection test. Together, Hera and DART comprise the Asteroid Impact and Deflection Assessment cooperation between NASA and ESA. Here, the predicted dynamical states of the binary system upon arrival and after impact are presented. The assumed dynamically relaxed state of the system will be excited by the impact, leading to an increase in eccentricity and a slight tilt of the orbit, together with enhanced libration of Dimorphos, with the amplitude dependent on the currently poorly known target shape. Free rotation around the moon’s long axis may also be triggered, and the orbital period will experience variations from seconds to minutes over timescales of days to months. Shape change of either body, due to cratering or mass wasting triggered by crater formation and ejecta, may affect β, but can be constrained through additional measurements. Both BYORP and gravity tides may cause measurable orbital changes on the timescale of Hera’s rendezvous.
Metabolic scaling and thermal acclimation of the cave asellid Proasellus lusitanicus
Authors: Di Lorenzo Tiziana , Reboleira Ana Sofia P.S.
Published: July 2022

Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. It scales allometrically to the body mass in ecto- and endotherm organisms, implying that larger individuals are more economical in terms of energy requirements. Within the limited range of “biologically relevant” temperatures (from 0° to 40°C), the allometric scaling with a factor between 0.66 and 0.75 has been consistently observed in unicellular microbes and plentiful multicellular plants and animals (Gillooly et al. 2001). The allometric scaling factor does not vary when organisms acclimate to changing temperatures where thermal acclimation represents a phenotypic response with essential implications for coping with global climate change. Cave fauna, which live in thermally-stable habitats, are expected to conform to allometric scaling though showing a substantial inability to acclimate to increasing temperatures rapidly. We measured the individual oxygen consumption (as a proxy of metabolic response to temperature variation) of Proasellus lusitanicus, a cave asellid (Crustacea Isopoda: Asellidae) endemic of the Estremenho karst massif in central Portugal (Reboleira et al. 2011). We measured the thermal acclimation ability of this species in a thermal ramp-up experiment over a range of temperatures (from 17 ° to 22.5 C), also assessing the scaling of oxygen consumption with body mass. We found out that P. lusitanicus shows low thermal plasticity, likely inadequate to protect this species from the temperature increase expected in the next 90 years. Furthermore, we observed that the metabolism of P. lusitanicus does not scale allometrically with the body mass. Rather, the metabolism of this species does not vary with body mass, similarly to two other subterranean species (Di Lorenzo et al. 2014), and contrarily to other epigean animals. The lack of metabolic scaling is likely to be a novel trait in subterranean ecosystems where the temporal unavailability of food and oxygen can be relevant and protracted. Our study sheds light in understanding regarding the phenotypical adaptations of cave animals to subterranean environments and also highlighted that narrowly-distributed cave species may be at extinction risk because of temperature increase to climate change.
Environmental Hypoxia is a Driver of Sonic Hedgehog-dependent Troglomorphic Evolution in Astyanax Cavefish
Authors: Jeffery William
Published: July 2022

Astyanax mexicanus cavefish (CF) have evolved numerous troglomorphic traits since their divergence from surface fish (SF) ancestors about 20,000 years ago. A large number of these traits are under the control of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), a signaling morphogen that is overexpressed along the midline in CF relative to SF embryos. The Shh-dependent traits include eye degeneration and increases in the olfactory lobes, hypothalamus, jaws, and oral taste buds. Eye degeneration and tastebud enhancement are antagonistic tradeoffs governed by the pleiotropic shh gene. CF have also evolved multiple changes in circulatory system development, highlighted by larger hematopoietic domains, more erythrocytes, and reversals in normal heart asymmetry, which are also controlled by Shh signaling. Although Shh signaling is an important factor in CF troglomorphism, the shh gene is not associated with any of the many QTL identified by genetic analysis, suggesting that upstream processes, rather than mutation of the shh locus itself, may be important in Shh regulation. Due to the absence of primary productivity, cave pools harboring Astyanax CF are deficient in dissolved oxygen. Accordingly, the Hypoxia Inducing Factor (HIF) transcription factors and their downstream targets are constitutively active during CF development. To determine if oxygen deficiency is an upstream regulator of Shh signaling, we subjected early SF embryos to 8 or 16 hours of hypoxia in the laboratory and assayed the effects on shh expression, erythrocyte formation, heart asymmetry, and eye development. The results indicated that hypoxia can cause shh overexpression, increase erythropoiesis, reverse heart asymmetry, and induce eye degeneration in SF embryos. We conclude that environmental hypoxia may be responsible for the evolution of troglomorphic traits in Astyanax CF through hyperactivation of the Shh signaling pathway.
The pleiotropic effects of melanin loss in cave snails Physella sp.
Authors: Grgić Magdalena , Weck Robert , Keresteš Gaj , Bilandžija Helena
Published: July 2022

A traditional explanation for the loss of pigmentation in cave dwellers is the absence of negative selection acting on surface species to remove all albinos from the population. Recently, however, evidence has been accumulating that albinism in the cavefish Astyanax mexicanus has several beneficial pleiotropic effects. Albino cavefish have higher catecholamine levels due to a loss-of-function mutation in the oca2 gene, higher resistance to anesthesia, and sleep less than their pigmented, surface-dwelling conspecifics. All of these traits are beneficial to cavefish, given the scarcity of food and the availability of mates in caves. To understand whether pleiotropy might be a general mechanism for the loss of melanin pigmentation in cave animals, we use Physella sp., a freshwater snail from SW Illinois, USA. Within one cave Physella sp. occurs in several different morphs, ranging from completely albino to fully pigmented individuals. Using melanogenic substrate assay, we demonstrated that the first step of melanin synthesis is blocked in Physella sp. To investigate the pleiotropic effects of this blockade, we tested anesthesia resistance (AR). Similar to A. mexicanus, albino morphs of Physella sp. exhibited higher AR levels compared to pigmented morphs, with AR being controlled by the noradrenergic system in both morphs. AR and the noradrenergic system are linked to melanin synthesis via a common precursor L-tyrosine, which can be redirected between melanin and catecholamine pathways. Using RNA sequencing of albino and pigmented morphs of Physella sp. we aim to gain further insight into other pleiotropic effects of melanin loss. Our results suggest that pleiotropy may be involved in the evolution of albinism in both cave vertebrates and invertebrates.
The laboratory of subterranean biology “Enrico Pezzoli”: a new underground facility for zoological research.
Authors: Manenti Raoul , Melotto Andrea , Barzaghi Benedetta , Villa Mauro
Published: July 2022

Since the beginning of subterranean biological research, the development of underground laboratories has provided scientists with protected places to perform long-term studies and to collaborate with others across subjects. However, aided by advances in technology for research centres and universities and by concerns for the conservation of natural subterranean environments, mots of past subterranean laboratories went under the radar of the institutions that owned them.

Here we describe a new underground facility that was built in Italy by the Regional Park of “Monte Barro” (Lecco, Lombardy) and dedicated to the memory of Enrico Pezzoli who was strongly active in the study of spring and cave biodiversity.

The laboratory has been established by repurposing an ancient draining gallery of the Park; it has been conceived to study local fauna, especially that of local aquifers. Removable equipment has been set stretching along the gallery, from the beginning to deep sections, creating distinct sectors with different conditions allowing to rear, study and compare both troglophile and troglobiont species. In every sector of the laboratory independent blocks with different controlled conditions of light and biotic features can be easily placed and used to rear individuals of both invertebrates and amphibians. Experimental activity does not prevent the exploitation of the gallery by local fauna, with spiders, crustaceans and amphibians usually occurring.

The first experiences performed in the new resource suggest that subterranean laboratories, if appropriately conceived, may represent sustainable facilities thanks to their low energetic requirements and their strong potential in integrating research and education.
Convergent behaviours in subterranean species
Authors: Lunghi Enrico , Mammola Stefano , Martinez Alejandro , Hesselberg Thomas
Published: July 2022

The specialised subterranean fauna is often described as an iconic example of convergent evolution driven by environmental constraints, representing therefore an ideal model system for eco-evolutionary studies. During the colonization of subterranean environments, behavioural plasticity likely plays a fundamental role, as the quick behavioural response of individuals to the new environment is a key process enabling their long-term establishment. However, scientific research on the behavioural adaptations of subterranean organisms has lagged behind and is mostly biased towards a few model species. By reviewing the available literature, we aim to assess whether a convergent evolution of behavioural traits among subterranean species exists. We considered four different types of behaviour that are commonly studied in subterranean species: the explorative behaviour (i.e., how much individuals move), the diet (i.e., the variability of consumed prey), the social behaviour (i.e., type of intraspecific interactions) and the anti-predator response (i.e., if individuals adopt specific behaviours to reduce predation risk). We analysed >130 papers (both scientific and grey literature) published in the period 1909–2021, in which these four specific behaviours were described. We attributed species to one of the three main ecological classifications for subterranean species [(stygo-)trogloxene, (stygo-)troglophile and (stygo-)troglobite] according to the information reported in the literature. We collected data on the behaviour of more than 135 species belonging to > 75 different taxonomic families, including both vertebrates and invertebrates. From our preliminary analyses, we observed a lower movement in trogloxenes. We detected a significant increase in the trophic spectrum in troglophile species, while trogloxenes showed the narrowest trophic niche. We observed a higher occurrence of anti-predatory behaviours in trogloxenes, as well as an increase in intraspecific antagonistic interactions.
The roles of landscape of fear and light in allowing the exploitation of spring habitats by subterranean amphipods: an experimental and field approach
Authors: Galbiati Matteo , Manenti Raoul , Forlani Martina , Barzaghi Benedetta , Melotto Andrea , Ficetola Francesco Gentile , Lapadula Stefano
Published: July 2022

Border habitats such as interfaces and ecotones promise research targets from an evolutionary and zoological point of view. Springs are typical ecotones that border two strongly distinct environments: surface and underground. They are exploited by both subterranean and surface species for which they may provide specific environmental pressures promoting phenotypic plasticity and local adaptations.

The aim of this study is to understand how the landscape of fear (LOF) and physical constraints, like light occurrence, affect springs' exploitation by both a subterranean (Niphargus thuringius) and a surface crustacean amphipod species (Echinogammarus stammeri).

From March to May 2021, we surveyed 15 springs, divided into 25 plots according to their distance to the border, and both day and night, we recorded amphipods activity and LOF levels for them. In a subterranean laboratory, we also reared 80 N. thuringius and 80 E. stammeri in safe and risky conditions with constant darkness and diel light variation assessing their activity and survival for 30 days. Risky conditions were represented by meso-predators (four fire salamander larvae) alone or with a top-predator (a dragonfly larva of the species Cordulegaster boltonii).

While in field conditions, the activity of N. thuringius seemed negatively affected by the number of active predators, in laboratory experiments, the main role was played by the light treatment; activity was significantly higher in constant darkness conditions.

E. stammeri activity in the field was higher in surface plots, while in laboratory conditions was affected by LOF. Predation risk negatively affected the survival of both amphipods.

Our findings reveal that while light conditions seem to shape activity patterns of stygobionts strongly, predators have a lower effect on activity, even though predators have negative effects on survival. Moreover, physical constraints, such as light exposure, can affect antipredator responses of subterranean organisms, thus representing selective pressures for the exploitation of surface environments.
Groundwater invertebrates and droughts: resistance in stygobiont isopods and planarians
Authors: Lapadula Stefano , Barzaghi Benedetta , Della Toffola Roberto , Manenti Raoul
Published: July 2022

In surface freshwater habitats water level can be strongly variable and benthic invertebrates are usually adapted to cope with hydrological variability. Groundwater habitats are usually more stable, even if in sites at the interface with the vadose zone, in epikarst streams and dripping pools hydroperiod may vary. Adaptations to survive droughts are thus likely to have been developed also by groundwater-dwelling animals. However very few studies have been performed to assess stygobiont resistance to dryness. They involve mainly the amphipods of the genus Niphargus and Stygobromus; one case is reported for a triclad of the genus Atrioplanaria.

Here we describe cases of resistance to drying in stygobiont planarians of the genus Dendrocoelum and the in the isopod Monolistra pavani.

Since 2016 we performed multiple surveys in 53 caves in Italy and Switzerland, sampling different stable and unstable groundwater environments. Stygobionts were searched visually and by distressing the substrate. When we detected stygobionts in dry sectors of a cave, we observed their features and behaviours, we pictured them, and we tried to rinse them. We rinsed M. pavani individuals in small plastic tanks and recorded the time of reactivation.

During the surveys we recorded a Dendrocoelum planarian encapsulated in a thick mucus layer on the substrate of a dry subterranean stream. When placed in water the planarian started gliding slowly and reached a length of 18 mm. During the drought of January-April 2022, we detected individuals of M. pavani in dry areas of two different caves. 72% of the individuals were able to reactivate. Time to reactivate ranged between 0 s to 30 s. We recorded living M. pavani individuals that were able to reactivate themselves even after 39 days of drought.

Our observations provide new insights into the natural history of groundwater-dwelling invertebrate taxa which global climatic changes increase the risk of drought occurrence in subterranean environments.
Phylogenomic insights into the evolution of subterranean Coleoptera
Authors: Balart-Garcia Pau , Polak Slavko , Beasley-Hall Perry , Bradford Tessa , Cooper Steven , Fernández Rosa
Published: July 2022

Subterranean specialization is often accompanied by dramatic phenotypic changes epitomized by regressive evolution (e.g. loss or reduction of eyes and pigmentation). Nevertheless, the genetic underpinnings underlying these changes have been largely unexplored. The beetle tribes Leptodirini (Leiodidae), Hydroporini and Bidessini (Dytiscidae) represent ideal systems for exploring the genomic basis of adaptation to life in subterranean habitats, as both are represented by epigean and hypogean species including numerous lineages that independently colonized terrestrial and freshwater underground habitats respectively (Cooper et al. 2002, Ribera et al. 2010). We investigated gene repertoire evolutionary dynamics in both surface-dwelling and subterranean Coleoptera in lineages that underwent six independent underground colonization events. We generated highly complete transcriptomes for eight aquatic and fourteen terrestrial beetles including epigean and hypogean species and explored the evolution of their gene repertoire through a phylogenomic approach. Our results indicated that gene loss was a major force facilitating adaptation to an underground lifestyle. In contrast, we also observed that gene gain and duplication were also remarkable drivers for subterranean adaptation. Gene families experiencing contractions were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, response to starvation, wing disk development, rhodopsin and ommochrome biosynthetic processes and response to hypoxia, among many other examples. Conversely, gene families significantly expanded in subterranean lineages including those related to the regulation of apoptosis, alcohol metabolism, cell redox homeostasis, chitin-based cuticle development, larval instar development, oogenesis, and negative regulation of TORC1 signaling. Moreover we found that some gene families had experienced a more complex evolutionary dynamic encompassed by both expansion and contraction events, such as those involved in regulation of transcription, nervous system development, lipid metabolism, eye development, DNA repair and chemosensation, indicating that these gene families underwent an in-depth reshaping throughout the evolutionary time. At a lineage-specific level, we did not observe many differences between the gene repertoire of the hypogean and epigean Leptodirini species in terms of gene gain and loss. Nonetheless, Hydroporini and Bidessini stygobitic species showed more disparity in their gene repertoire compared to their surface-dwelling relatives. Our results thus indicate that genomic exaptation may have facilitated underground colonization in Leptodirini prior to the diversification of the tribe, while in Hydroporini and Bidessini recent gene family turnover (dominated by gene loss) may have been guiding the surface-to-groundwater transition. These findings shed light towards understanding how the genomic toolkit has been reshaped in hypogean fauna from a macroevolutionary perspective.
The cave salamander Proteus anguinus in captivity in Moulis, France for the scientific research.
Authors: Guillaume Olivier
Published: July 2022

Proteus anguinus fascinated the most famous savants like Lamarck, Cuvier and Darwin. However, the knowledge about this species was improved little because very few specimens were available, even less alive. To face this situation, The French National Center for Scientific Research built in 1948 the cave-laboratory at Moulis and started to breed in P. anguinus. The first hatchings date from 1959 (Vandel and Bouillon 1959, Juberthie et al. 1991). Since then, more than 160 egg-layings producing more than 4,600 eggs has occurred. The availability of a certain number of specimens and the continuity of this breeding for more than 60 years have made possible to better understand the biology of this species, for instance, the development (sexual maturity reached at 15 years old, lifespan estimated from 68 to 100 years old, see Voituron et al. 2010). The aim of this presentation is to make a review of the latest and prospective research conducted with partners on captive P. anguinus in Moulis.
On the conservation of subterranean ecosystems
Authors: Mammola Stefano
Published: July 2022

Subterranean ecosystems harbor a broad diversity of specialized organisms that are of interest from both a conservation and evolutionary perspective. These species are often short-range endemics, and some represent ancient faunas that disappeared from surface habitats. Thus, they account for a unique fraction of the global taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity that is currently imperiled by human activities, including the destruction of subterranean habitats, pollution, and climate change. Furthermore, subterranean ecosystems and landscapes deliver critical nature contributions to people, most notably the provisioning of potable water. To emphasize the importance and urgency of protecting subterranean biodiversity, the year 2021 was elected the International Year of Caves and Karst (later extended to 2022). Yet, the subterranean biome is still systematically overlooked in global biodiversity targets and climate change agendas. For example, only 6.9% of known subterranean ecosystems overlap with protected areas globally. Importantly, most of these subterranean ecosystems are protected simply because they occur within protected areas established for surface species or habitats, and therefore not designed to account for their vertical dimension and efficiently protect subterranean biota. Given this scenario, the time is ripe to provide a quantitative assessment of solution-based approaches to safeguard subterranean biota and associated habitats. During this lecture, I will discuss the available evidence for the effectiveness of conservation interventions in subterranean ecosystems and future directions concerning subterranean conservation. I will emphasize the importance of making conservation efforts in subterranean systems more practical, cost-effective, and long-lasting.
Phylogenetic diversity of water scorpions (Nepa spp., Insecta, Hemiptera)
Authors: Ștefan Andrei , Flot Jean-François , Iorgu Elena , Popa Luis , Keffer Steven , Stoch Fabio , Sârbu Șerban
Published: July 2022

Water scorpions belonging to the genus Nepa are predatory freshwater aquatic insects of the order Hemiptera. There are currently five accepted species, with a Holarctic distribution: N. cinerea (Eurasia and Northern Africa), N. sardiniensis (Sardinia and Corsica), N. anophthalma (endemic to Movile Cave, Romania), N. apiculata (North America) and N. hoffmanni (Eastern Asia). Mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers indicate a correlation between genetic diversity and geographic distribution. Analyses also reveal a cryptic diversity in the Western Mediterranean basin, with specimens of the cinerea clade being assigned to the sardiniensis clade. The cave-adapted N. anophthalma is genetically closest to N. cinerea, suggesting surface populations of N. cinerea as possible ancestors. N. cinerea samples from three cave systems in Italy indicate various degrees of gene flow between surface and subterranean populations and an instance of a possible incipient speciation event. Despite the overlap in distribution range in mainland Eastern Asia between N. cinerea and N. hoffmanni, there is a high genetic distance between the two species. A similar value of genetic distance is found between N. cinerea and N. apiculata, but also between N. hoffmanni and N. apiculata, suggesting the assignment of N. hoffmanni and N. apiculata to different genera. The single species currently considered as stygobiotic, N. anophthalma, deserves more research to understand the timing of colonization of Movile groundwater by its surface ancestors.
A new species of Pseudomoraria from an alpine spring of Picos de Europa, North of Spain
Authors: Corgosinho Paulo , Iepure Sanda , Novikov Aleksandr
Published: July 2022

Pseudomoraria triglavensis was described by Brancelj (1994) from specimens collected in a high-alpine reservoir at the Triglav National Park (NW Slovenia) at an altitude of 1690 m a.s.l. During an expedition in the Picos de Europa National Park (N Spain) in 2018, a new species of Pseudomoraria was collected in an epikarst spring (Fuente Escondido), below the ice cave of Altaiz at an altitude of 2112 m a.s.l. The new species can be easily distinguished from Pseudomoraria triglavensis by the presence of an inner seta on the edopodite 1 of female and male pereopod 1; absence of the outer spine on the exopodite 2 of the third and fourth female pereopods; four, instead of five setae on the second endopodite of the fourth female pereopod; and the female furca lacks the ventral distal patch of spinules characteristic of P. triglavensis. In the male, the new species differs from its congeners by the position and shape of the apophysis of the second edopodite of the pereopod 3, which is positioned in the outer, instead of the inner margin, and is bent around the distal inner spine; the second exopodite of the pereopod 4 has spines/setae, lacking the innermost seta which is present in P. triglavensis. The female armature of the pereopod 5 is highly variable, with 4-6 setae/spines on the exopod and 4-6 setae on the baso-endopod. According to Brancelj (1994), P. triglavensis could not be included in any genus known at the time and concluded, based on the armature of the pereopod 5 of both sexes, that it would be most closely related to Moraria. We disagree with this author and propose a close relationship of this genus with the genus Hypocamptus Chappuis, 1929 sharing similar male pereopod segmentation and armature. In addition, the species belonging to both genera are a characteristic for the fauna of the alpine water bodies. It is not yet clear the phylogenetic relationship between the two genera, but evidences suggest that Pseudomoraria may be a junior synonym of Hypocamptus.
Molecular phylogeny of Alpine groundwater Niphargidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) reveals the effects of Quaternary climate fluctuations
Authors: Salussolia Alice , Flot Jean-François , Stoch Fabio
Published: July 2022

The groundwater amphipod genus Niphargus comprises over 425 described species mainly distributed in the Western Palearctic. Representatives of the genus are quite rare in areas formerly occupied by Quaternary glaciers. Although a couple of species were previously discovered in high-elevation caves and karstic springs, it is only recently that the genus was found to be widely distributed along the Alpine chain (Fišer et al. 2018; Stoch et al. 2020). Using a molecular phylogeny approach, we tested the hypothesis of multiple origins of Alpine Niphargus species followed by dispersal versus allopatric speciation in glacial refugia. We sampled all type localities of species present in the Alps and collected at several new sites, both in formerly glaciated areas and in areas very close to the last Quaternary glacial border. All sequences of Alpine species stored in GenBank were downloaded and included in the analysis as well. Our results show that several phyletic lineages independently colonized the Alpine chain at different periods. We found examples of preglacial colonization, with species surviving as glacial relicts with a very limited range expansion, as well as of recent post-glacial dispersal allowing colonization of very large areas on the northern slope of the Alps. In the Southern Limestone Alps as well as in the Western Alps, most species have a distribution restricted to small karstic massifs south of the area occupied by glaciers during the Last Glacial Maximum (Stoch et al. 2022), except for a single putative relict. Three clades show a relict distribution with highly isolated species found also in caves more than 2,000 m above sea level. The reconstructed time-calibrated phylogeny strongly supports the hypothesis that the evolutionary history of most clades is pre-Pleistocenic on the southern slope of the Alps, while on the northern slope both phylogenetic relicts and recent dispersers co-exist.
Biology Students Association as the base for establishing future experts and cave fauna exploration
Authors: Bedek Jana , Šepčević Mia , Kermek Dora , Okićki Lea , Kuharić Nikolina , Dražina Tvrtko
Published: July 2022

Biology Students Association – BIUS (BIUS) from Zagreb, Croatia is a non-government and non-profit association founded in 1999 by biology students from the Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb. Aiming to develop future experts in different fields of biology, BIUS is composed of groups that specialize in various subject areas. Besides holding diverse science lectures, workshops, and field trips, the main BIUS' activities are annual student research camps with the participation of up to 130 members.

An integral part of BIUS from the very beginning is the Biospeleology group (Group). During these first 23 years of the Group's existence, many members discovered their interest in cave biology through field research, cabinet work, and educational workshops. The Group organized two student research camps and participated in 16 others. In addition, the Group organized seven independent projects. Throughout all of these projects, cave fauna was collected from over 150 caves and pits at different localities of Croatian karst. The Group's long-term existence is facilitated by the guidance of mentors from the Croatian Biospeleological Society. Altogether, the Group provides numerous skills and valuable opportunities to students and is important for developing future scientific experts in cave biology in Croatia.

So far, 12 Group members have written their master thesis and four have their doctoral thesis in the field of cave biology. Former members currently work at universities, research institutes, government, and civil sector, or as entrepreneurs on topics closely related to cave biology and karst research.
Is the gut microbiome involved in adaptation of beetles to caves?
Authors: Moldovan Oana Teodora , Bulzu Paul Adrian , Levei Erika , Nastase-Bucur Ruxandra , Sitar Cristian , Haidau Catalina
Published: July 2022

Cave beetles are endemic to one or few caves and live in a stable subterranean microclimate and permanent darkness. However, not much is known about the food sources of cave beetles and the share of autotrophic sources in their diet. Seven cave beetles were sampled seasonally from five Romanian caves together with a sampling of sediments and climatic measurements. Gut was extracted from the sampled specimens, and Illumina's 16S amplicon-based metagenomics sequencing protocol was applied to identify the gut microbiome. About 50% of the most abundant bacteria genera in the studied sediments are unknown taxa. The core elements of the sediments' microbiome were wb1-P19, Pseudomonas, and Lysobacter, all producers and decomposers of organic matter. Only Acinetobacter was shared for sediments and all cave beetles. The core bacteria in the gut of Leiodidae beetles of all five species were Vagococcus, Dysgonomonas, Candidatus Soleaferrea, and two unknown phylotypes. The cave Carabidae gut was dominated by Carnobacterium in one species and Enhydrobacter in the other, showing different food regimes within the Duvalius genus. Vagococcus was present in the gut microbiome of Leptodirini and Duvalius, a genus which might be involved in adaptation to life in caves, where food is scarce and autochthonous productivity is low. Higher body weight in cave beetles is another helpful strategy to cope with an infrequent food supply, as demonstrated by the presence of obesity-related gut microbiota representatives, Lactococcus and Serratia.
Occurrence of Li in groundwaters and plants from Dobrogea karst area, Romania
Authors: Torok Anamaria Iulia , Moldovan Ana , Levei Erika , Cadar Oana , Tănăselia Claudiu , Moldovan Oana Teodora
Published: July 2022

A positive association of Li consumption with the potentially protective and beneficial for the human health was reported (Barjasteh-Askari et al. 2020). Drinking water, grains, or vegetables can be a significant Li source for humans. Microdoses of Li intake may have antisuicidal, mood-stabilizing, antidepressive, and antimanic effects (Knudsen et al. 2017; Ng et al. 2019). The assessment of naturally occurring Li concentrations in water and food sources in different regions may present a high interest in the wellbeing of locals. In this study, a versatile quantitative ICP-MS method for Li quantitative determination in water and plant samples was optimized, and the relationship between Li, macroelements (Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Fe, Mn), and microelements (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sr, Ba, V, As, Sr, Cd, Pb) concentration was assessed. Contents of Li, and micro- and macroelements were measured in groundwater (Praporgescu-GWR27, Closca-GWR28, Sipote-GWR29, and Tufani-GWR30) and plant samples (ryegrass—Lolium sp., nettles—Urtica sp., and mint—Mentha sp.) collected from Dobrogea karst area, Romania. The results indicated an acceptable precision in all studied matrixes and a reproducibility between 2.46 and 4.22% of the developed method. In the case of water, the highest Li concentration was measured in GWR27 followed by GWR28 (12.2 and 5.6 µg/L), while in the case of the plant’s samples, Lolium sp. collected from GWR28 and GWR27 (11.1 and 8.8 mg/kg DW) had the highest Li concentration.
Three new species of the genus Alluaudomyia Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from the National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest, China
Authors: Wu Xiaoxiang , He Zehua , Lin Xiaodan , Deng Bin , Zhai Qi , Li Jiahui
Published: July 2022

Three new species of the predaceous midges of genus Alluaudomyia Kieffer, 1913: A. flavinotum Wu & Li, sp. nov. of the maculipennis group, and A. reflexuralis Wu & Li, sp. nov. and A. limu Wu & Li, sp. nov. of the parva group, are described from the National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest, Hainan Island, China. Illustrations and COI barcodes (a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) of the three new species are also provided. Associations of male and female specimens of two species (A. reflexuralis Wu & Li, sp. nov. and A. limu Wu & Li, sp. nov.) are supported by DNA barcodes. The parva group is reported from China for the first time.
A new provannid snail (Gastropoda, Abyssochrysoidea) discovered from Northwest Eifuku Volcano, Mariana Arc
Authors: Chen Chong , Watanabe Hiromi Kayama
Published: July 2022

Gastropods in the family Provannidae are characteristic members of deep-sea chemosynthesis-based communities. Recently, surveys of hydrothermal vents and hydrocarbon seeps in the western Pacific have revealed a high diversity of provannids, with new discoveries continuing to be made. Here, we report and describe a further new species, Provanna exquisitasp. nov., discovered from the Northwest Eifuku volcano on the Mariana Arc. This new species is distinguished from all other described Provanna species by its exaggerated sculpture characterised by two to three sharply raised, flange-like keels on the teleoconch whorls. The status of P. exquisitasp. nov. is also supported by a molecular phylogeny reconstruction using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, which suggested that it is most closely related to a clade of three species described from Okinawa Trough vents including P. clathrata, P. subglabra, and P. fenestrata. Despite being one of the better-explored regions of the world in terms of hydrothermal vent biodiversity, new discoveries like P. exquisitasp. nov. continue to remind us that we are nowhere near fully documenting the species diversity in these unique ecosystems—despite the species being threatened from imminent anthropogenic impacts such as deep-sea mining.
Ocular Complications of Acute Worsening of Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Govindaraju Viren K. , Trese Matthew G. J. , Faia Lisa J.
Published: July 2022

This report presents the case of a man aged 45 years who came into the emergency department with acutely worsening vision during the course of 1 week. He was found to have acutely worsening nephrotic syndrome secondary to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis despite systemic immunosuppression. His ophthalmic examination revealed large nerve fiber layer hemorrhages in the posterior pole, significant macular edema, and areas of polygonal retinal whitening sparing the blood vessels, consistent with a diagnosis of Purtscher-like retinopathy. The patient was started on intravenous methylprednisolone followed by an oral taper of prednisone with improvement in his visual acuity and clinical findings 2 weeks later.

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Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2022; 53:393–396.]
JPMT: A Java Performance Monitoring Tool
Authors: Harkema Marcel , Quartel Dick , van der Mei Rob , Gijsen Bart
Published: July 2022

This paper describes our Java Performance Monitoring Toolkit (JPMT), which is developed for detailed analysis of the behavior and performance of Java applications. JPMT represents internal execution behavior of Java applications by event traces, where each event represents the occurrence of some activity, such as thread creation, method invocation, and locking contention. JPMT supports event filtering during and after application execution. Each event is annotated by high-resolution performance attributes, e.g., duration of locking contention and CPU time usage by method invocations. JPMT is an open toolkit, its event trace API can be used to develop custom performance analysis applications. JPMT comes with an event trace visualizer and a command-line event trace query tool for scripting purposes. The instrumentation required for monitoring the application is added transparently to the user during run-time. Overhead is minimized by only instrumenting for events the user is interested in and by careful implementation of the instrumentation itself.
Prophète ou alter Christus ? Vincent Ferrier au miroir d’estampes du xviie siècle
Authors: Rousseau Claire
Published: July 2022

Durant sa vie, saint Vincent Ferrier fut un prêcheur mystique, impliqué également dans la résolution de conflits locaux, nationaux ou internationaux et œuvrant pour la paix et l’unité. Pour comprendre son influence, l’approche traditionnelle consiste à analyser sa biographie et ses écrits. Mais l’iconographie du saint exprime également comment sa figure fut promue par les frères de l’Ordre des Prêcheurs et comment elle fut perçue. Le présent article se donne pour but d’examiner le déploiement de son image dans les estampes françaises et flamandes du xviie siècle, siècle d’or de la gravure au burin. Si l’iconographie reste traditionnelle, les estampes s’inscrivent en deux catégories : d’une part, les images de dévotion et les illustrations d’ouvrages, et d’autre part les vies en planches. Ces dernières construisent un discours visuel qui confère à saint Vincent un exceptionnel statut de prophète des derniers temps, voire d’alter Christus.
Le culte d’un saint comme outil politique du temps présent : la Grande Guerre de Vincent Ferrier
Authors: Le Gall Erwan
Published: July 2022

Les commémorations organisées en 1919 par l’évêque de Vannes pour le 500e anniversaire de la mort de saint Vincent Ferrier sont d’un grand intérêt pour qui s’intéresse au complexe processus de sortie de la Première Guerre mondiale. Non seulement elles viennent rappeler quel redoutable acteur politique est Mgr Gouraud, mais elles invitent à reconsidérer la portée du consensus national qui s’exprime lors de l’été 1919. Si celui-ci est clairement perceptible lors des cérémonies patriotiques et lors des fêtes données pour le retour des régiments victorieux, tel n’est en revanche pas le cas lorsqu’est célébré le prédicateur valencien. Ce faisant, s’impose l’idée d’une Union sacrée qui serait avant tout affaire de moment politique.
« Par la mer, pour la patrie ». Les ligues maritimes en France sous la IIIe République
Authors: Bruneau Jean-Baptiste
Published: July 2022

Au lendemain du désastre de Fachoda, les différents acteurs du monde de la marine militaire et de la marine marchande s’unissent pour fonder, en février 1899, une ligue maritime, à l’imitation des ligues maritimes britannique, italienne et allemande. Après des débuts difficiles, malgré un soutien institutionnel et politique, la Ligue maritime française rencontre l’engouement du public et, sans atteindre les records de la ligue navale allemande, compte plusieurs milliers de ligueurs à la veille de la guerre. Après une période d’atonie au lendemain de la déclaration de guerre, elle reprend son activité à partir de 1917 et connaît une croissance qui lui permet d’attirer à elle plus de cent mille ligueurs au lendemain de la victoire. Véritable organisation de masse dans les années 1920-1930, elle fusionne avec la Ligue coloniale française en 1921 pour donner naissance à la Ligue maritime et coloniale qui bénéficie dès lors de l’engouement pour les questions impériales. Si son succès s’explique très largement par son adossement aux institutions maritimes, pour lesquelles elle apparaît comme un très complaisant supplétif, il est aussi lié à l’efficacité d’une propagande aussi habile que prolifique qui lui permet de concentrer l’attention du public et de la grande presse.
Renouvellement de l’écriture autobiographique dans les pas de la littérature prolétarienne suédoise : l’exemple des journaux de Susanna Alakoski
Authors: Pagès Laurent
Published: July 2022

Cet article met en lumière une tendance forte parmi les écrits autobiographiques des vingt dernières années en Suède : celle qui hérite des écrivains prolétariens qui ont marqué l’histoire littéraire du pays. Il s’appuie principalement sur l’exemple des journaux de l’écrivaine Susanna Alakoski, Oktober i Fattigsverige (Octobre dans la Suède de la pauvreté, 2012) et April i Anhörigsverige (Avril dans la Suède des proches, 2015), pour montrer comment cet héritage se transmet dans un genre que l’autrice renouvelle afin de trouver de nouvelles manières de dire l’itinéraire d’une femme transfuge de classe et venue d’ailleurs dans une écriture orientée vers le collectif et le politique.
Identifying Challenges in Openstreetmap That Potentially Prevent New Users From Contributing
Authors: Vogler Robert , Hennig Sabine
Published: July 2022

OpenStreetMap (OSM) is known as the most successful application of VGI. The fact that it is based on user-generated content often leads to the common assumption that OSM data is neutral. These assumptions are legitimate, but the vast majority of OSM contributors are middle-aged, white, male users. Accordingly, OSM data represents the worldview of a delimited social group and therefore lags behind its actual potential regarding the richness and quality of data with regard to diversity. To overcome this, new and diverse user groups have to be recruited. It is therefore necessary to identify the challenges and barriers specific new user groups face. This chapter elucidates these mechanisms based on literature. Subsequently, the authors present a study with teacher training students that identifies challenges of new OSM users. The results indicate that there are three dimensions of potential barriers: the complexity of OSM, the user experience in OSM, and the user interface of OSM.
Reading and Spatial Analysis Through Mental Maps in School Geography
Authors: Richter Denis
Published: July 2022

This chapter aims to highlight the mental map as a relevant pedagogical proposal for the work of school geography linked to the process of construction of the students' geographic thinking. To develop this idea, at first, the relationship of geographic science with the issue of spatiality as a way of thinking is highlighted, and, subsequently, the contribution of cartographic language as a means to systematize reading and spatial analysis. In this sense, the mental map is required as a proposal for a cartographic representation that enables the subject who builds it to highlight different contexts, interpretations, and perceptions about a given space or place. For this, some examples of the construction of mental maps from the perspective of school activities will be presented and discussed, highlighting the potential of this material for the development of a more critical reading and analysis of the geographic space.
Cylindrical Curve for Contactless Fingerprint Template Securisation
Authors: Zannou Boris Jerson , Djara Tahirou , Vianou Antoine
Published: July 2022

large quantity of biometric models has rapidly proliferated in biometric applications. Due to the fact that biometric systems expose users to enormous risks that endanger , we improved an existing technics technique and adapted it to the contactless system. The proposed model, in this article, propose a very secure fingerprint model protection technique in which a cylindrical curve is generated as a user secure model for a contactless fingerprint. During the construction of our model, we use three invariants intra-personals characteristics, namely the set of distances between the detailed points and the center of mass, the orientation information of the detailed points and the number of endings between the minutiae points and the singular point. The results of the experimental analysis performed on the FVC databases (2000, 2002 and 2004) and our own database show a highly encouraging performance and present the viability of the proposed technique.