bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI TINGKAT KEMATANGAN BUAH MONK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAKSI GRAY-LEVEL CO-OCCURRENCE MATRIX (GLCM) DAN SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE (SVM)
Authors: Dadang Iskandar Mulyana  , Riyanti Wibowo Dewi
Published: August 2023

Buah Monk merupakan buah asal Cina yang dipercaya memiliki banyak manfaat dan khasiat. Buah yang termasuk dalam keluarga labu ini sering digunakan sebagai pemanis pengganti gula yang baik untuk diet hingga penderita diabetes. Memiliki bentuk bulat agak lonjong dengan warna kulit hijau. Setiap buah memiliki ciri yang digunakan dalam menentukan mutu/kualitasnya. Namun, buah monk segar jarang ditemui di pasaran karena sifatnya yang cepat membusuk. salah satu kendalanya yakni identifikasi yang masih dilakukan secara manual. Oleh karena itu diperlukan adanya implementasi dengan metode yang memudahkan industri dalam menentukan tingkat kematangan buah Monk secara efisien. untuk mengenalinya proses pengolahan citra atau yang biasa disebut image processing untuk memperoleh tingkat kematangan buah Monk. Oleh karena itu Peneliti akan menggunakan perhitungan GLCM dan SVM. Pada tahap perhitungan GLCM dilakukan pembentukan matriks dengan sudut arah 0°, 45°, 90° dan 135°. Nilai ciri yang diekstraksi adalah contrast, homogeneity, energy dan correlation. Dan SVM merupakan salah satu metode yang digunakan dalam pengolahan citra digital untuk mengekstraksi fitur. Penelitian ini menggunakan 991 dataset buah Monk. Terdapat dua kelas “Matang” terdiri dari 635 citra dan kelas “Belum Matang” terdapat 356 citra. Berhasil mendapatkan akurasi tertinggi pada C50 yaitu mencapai 89%
PENERAPAN ALGORITMA BUBBLE SORT PADA SISTEM PEMINJAMAN BUKU BERBASIS WEB DI PERPUSTAKAAN SMPN 158 JAKARTA TIMUR
Authors: Rasiban,M.Kom  , Jardine Ramaddhani Muhammad
Published: August 2023

Perpustakan merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting dalam membantu siswa-siswi menyediakan akan kebutuhan buku pelajaran dan buku pendamping dengan cara mudah dan murah. Namun dalam kenyataannya selama ini masih banyak kendala terkait dalam pengelolaannya, diantaranya bagaimana mengontrol jumlah stok, menghitung jumlah peminjam, jumlah kembali dan registrasi dalam peminjaman. Kondisi pengelolaan perpustakaan di SMP Negeri 158 Jakarta masih dilakukan secara manual sehingga memungkinkan terjadi kesalahan dalam sirkulasi peminjaman dan pengembalian buku karena data-data yang belum terdokumentasi dengan baik sehingga pelayanan menjadi kurang maksimal. Mengatasi hal tersebut maka perlu adanya sistem yang dapat mempermudah dalam pengolahan data peminjaman dan pengembalian buku yang lebih efektif dan efisien. Metode pengembangan aplikasi perpustakaan berbasis web bahasa pemrograman PHP, database MySql dan Algoritma Bubble Sort.
FRAMEWORK COBIT PADA DOMAIN APO02 DALAM TATA KELOLA TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI MANAGE STRATEGY
Authors: Hestiningtyas Annisa , Alva Hendi Muhammad  , Asro Nasiri
Published: August 2023

Tata kelola teknologi informasi (TI) memiliki peranan krusial dalam keberhasilan suatu organisasi dalam memanfaatkan Teknologi Informasi sebagai aset strategis. Framework COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies)  telah diakui secara luas sebagai panduan yang efektif untuk tata kelola Teknologi Informasi. Salah satu domain utama dalam framework COBIT adalah APO02 tentang Manage Strategy, yang berfokus pada pengelolaan strategi TI dalam konteks tata kelola TI yang holistik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan jurnal adalah studi literatur baik dari buku maupun jurnal terkait Framework COBIT. Tujuan penulisan jurnal ini untuk memberikan gambaran serta manfaat dari penerapan domain APO02. Manfaat tersebut meliputi peningkatan keselarasan antara strategi bisnis dan TI, pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang nilai yang dihasilkan oleh TI, serta peningkatan pengambilan keputusan berbasis data dan inovasi teknologi. Selain itu, tantangan yang mungkin muncul dalam implementasi domain APO02, seperti keterbatasan sumber daya, perubahan kebutuhan bisnis yang cepat, dan kompleksitas pengembangan strategi TI yang berkelanjutan.
PERENCANAAN TATA KELOLA ASET IT YANG DIKELOLA OLEH PRODI PTI DI STKIP TAMAN SISWA BIMA MENGGUNAKAN COBIT 2019
Authors: Muhammad Imam Munandar  , Alva Hendi Muhammad  , Asro Nasiri
Published: August 2023

Abstrak : Prodi PTI (Pendidikan Teknologi Informasi) STKIP Taman Siswa Bima yang sangat memerlukan sarana mendukung dalam hal pembelajaran dan meningkatkan kemampuan mahsiswa dalam proses belajar. Ketersedian serana asset IT ini dapat menunjang dan kemajuan Lembaga STKIP Taman Siswa Bima dalam proses kenaikan akriditasi dalam hal fasilitas lembaga. Iventasi dalam pengadaan Asset IT diperlukan biaya yang tidak sedikit untuk menunjang keberlangsungan prses pembeljaran maka dari itu proses pembelian, penjagaan dan maintenance aset IT akan memperingan pengeluaran pihak lembaga dalam pengadaan Aset IT. Hal ini akan berdampak kepada pencapaian terhadap tujuan organisasi.Penelitian ini menggunakan framework COBIT 2019. Hasil dari penelitian inimengetahui kondisi tingkat kapabilitas saat ini di Prodi PTI STKIP Taman Siswa Bima merupakan rata-rata activiti pada sub domain BAI09 berada dilevel performed process. Pada target tingkat kapabilitas yang diharapkan berada di level 3 untuk tahun-tahun berikutnya. Rekomendasi perbaikan dibuat secara bertahap sesuai acuan COBIT 2019.
Ethical Behavior Challenges Facing Marketing Industries: A Case Study of Juba City Markets, South Sudan
Authors: Amon Ayiek Dr. Opal Adwok
Published: August 2023

Company failures and penalties due to ethical shortcomings have increased the need to promote, encourage, and enforce ethical principles in organizations. Such enforcement helps reduce unethical practices, increase corporate social responsibility, and foster a sain business and collaboration environment. This article identifies the two most common types of ethics programs namely integrity-based and compliance-based ethics programs. After defining these terms, the article analyzes the key differences between them based on the phases of program management that include initiation, planning, implementation, and control. The article also synthesizes key findings related to staffing for the program’s management, ensuring a fit between the selected program and the organization structure, implementing appropriate staff training, and deploying processes to evaluate the program. The article also presents some implications for organizations in the current business climate and critically analyzes prior quantitative studies that were focused on the implementation of ethics programs in various industries. In concluding the work presented, the article suggests some opportunities for further research related to a possible combination of the two types of integrity programs.
Effect Performance Appraisal Fairness on Motivation to Improve Performance with Leader-member Exchange as a Moderated
Authors: Nugroho Ryan Widhi , Harsono Mugi
Published: August 2023

Objective study this for analyze the connection between performance appraisal fairness consisting of procedural fairness, distributive fairness, and interactive fairness on motivation to improve performance with leader-member exchange (LMX) as moderation. This quantitative research was conducted at the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) using the no probability method. Data was collected based on respondents' questionnaires through charging sent online through WhatsApp. Results recapitulation questionnaire 366 answers were obtained, which respondents then analyzed using SEM PLS with smartPLS 3.0. Based on the data analysis, the conclusion is that performance appraisal fairness consisting of procedural fairness, distributive fairness, and interactive fairness relate positively on motivation to improve performance, whereas if the connection between evaluation performance with motivation to improve performance moderated by LMX gets no results effect.
Environmental Conservation Cost and the Financial Stability of Business Organizations in a Competitive Market
Authors: Christiana AJAH Chizoba , ADEGBIE Folajimi Festus
Published: August 2023

Many manufacturing companies operating in Nigeria have struggled to achieve financial stability but this has become a difficult task due to complex circumstances including low capacity production, undercapitalization, lack of stakeholder legitimacy, and a complacent attitude towards the importance of environmental conservation costs. A debate in the literature has argued that adequate corporate investment towards environmental conservation and protection has been found to influence a significant level of financial stability in Nigeria. In contributing to this debate and contributing knowledge, we examined how the expenditures associated with environmental protection affected the financial stability of industrial businesses listed in Nigeria. Since secondary data for the study were taken from the yearly financial statements of the firms that were specifically chosen, it used an ex-post facto design. A total of 14 businesses were chosen from the 66 manufacturing enterprises in the population for a 16-year period beginning in 2007 and ending in 2022. For the data analysis, inferential statistics were utilised, and the external auditors' certification of the data's validity and reliability served as the basis. The study discovered that the expense of environmental protection had a considerably favourable impact on the financial stability of commercial organisations in a market that was competitive. (Adj R2=0.05,W(4,219)=23.32,p < 0.05). The study concluded that environmental conservation cost affects financial stability of business organization in a competitive market. The study recommended that Managers of manufacturing companies should prioritize investment in environmental conservation costs to enhance the financial stability of stakeholders’ value.
Veteriner Hekimliği Tarihinde Süreli Yayınlara Bir Örnek: Risâle-i Fennî Baytarî (Fennî Baytarî)
Authors: YÜKSEL Özlem , YÜKSEL Erhan , MELİKOĞLU GÖLCÜ Berfin
Published: August 2023

Bu çalışmada, veteriner hekimliği alanıyla ilgili bilgi ve gelişmeleri basım ve yayın yoluyla meslek mensuplarına ulaştırmayı hedefleyen süreli yayınlardan biri olan Risâle-i Fennî Baytarî (Fennî Baytarî)’nin ulaşılabilen nüshaları (2-3, 4-5 ve 6) incelenmiş ve içeriği değerlendirilmiştir. Bahsi geçen derginin ilk sayısına ulaşılamamakla birlikte, incelenen 2-3’üncü sayının Temmuz-Ağustos 1328 (Temmuz-Eylül 1912) tarihinde yayımlandığı, dergi sahibi ve sorumlularının Cafer (Fahri Dikmen) ve Simon Bey olduğu bilgilerine ulaşılmıştır. İncelenen nüshalarda hayvanlarda görülen hastalık ve tedavileri ile hayvan yetiştiriciliği ve önemine yönelik yazıların yanı sıra veteriner hekimliği mesleği ile ilgili ulusal ve uluslararası önemli gelişmelere yer verilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle derginin kısa bir yayım hayatına sahip olduğu, veteriner hekimliği mesleğine hem bilimsel hem de güncel konular açısından katkı sunduğu ve bu bağlamda da süreli yayın sorumluluğunu meslek tarihi açısından gerçekleştirmeye çalıştığı ileri sürülebilir.
İstanbul İlinde Sahipli Köpeklerde Leishmania Hastalığının Seroprevalansı
Authors: DOYGUN Necip , AKKAN Hasan Altan
Published: August 2023

Bu çalışmada İstanbul ilinde farklı ırk, yaş ve cinsiyette, sahipli ve evde bakılan köpeklerde Leishmaniosisin seroprevalansını hem İmmunokromatografik (SensPERT one step rapid Leishmania Ab) test yöntemiyle hem de ELİSA (Biopronix Leishmania 96) yöntemiyle belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca iki test yöntemi de güvenilirlik açısından sonuçlar kendi arasında karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla İstanbul ilinin Ataşehir, Kadıköy, Ümraniye, Şişli ve Beyoğlu ilçelerinde bulunan özel veteriner kliniklerine getirilen sahipli ve ev ortamında yaşayan 94 adet köpek örnek olarak alınmıştır. Alınan kan örneklerinin serumları çıkartılarak hızlı test kitleriyle Leishmania antikoru taranmış, kalan serumlarla da labaratuvarda ELİSA yöntemiyle çalışılmak üzere +40C’de bekletilerek yeterli numune oluştuğunda çalışma yapılmıştır. Doksan dört köpekten erkek sayısının 40 ve dişi sayısı 54 olarak belirlenmiş ve bunlardan 50 tanesi semptom gösterirken 44 tanesinde herhangi bir klinik belirti görülmemiştir. Örneklerde 3 yaş altında olan 58 köpek varken 8 yaş üstü 11 köpek örnek olarak alınmıştır. Test sonuçlarına göre her iki yöntemde de aynı sonuçların elde edildiği ve 1 vakanın pozitif reaksiyon verdiği tespit edilerek seroprevalans %1,06 olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen seroprevalans oranı Türkiye’de (%0-%60) ve İstanbul’da (%0-%8,5) yapılan diğer çalışmaların arasında görülmüştür. Leishmania hastalığı için rezervuar olan köpeklerin asemptomatik olarak da bu hastalığı taşıdığı ve bu durumun ciddi tehlike arz etmesi sebebiyle enfekte köpeklerin tespitinin önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle düzenli olarak seroprevalans çalışmalarının yapılmasının ihtiyaç olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Buzağılarda Doğum Sırasında Şekillenen Mandibula Kırıklarının Akrilik Eksternal Fiksatör ile Sağaltımlarının Klinik ve Radyografik Yöntemlerle Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YURDAKUL İbrahim
Published: August 2023

Bu çalışmada; yenidoğan buzağılarda karşılaşılan mandibula kırıklarının akrilik ekternal fiksasyon yöntemi ile sağaltımlarının klinik ve radyolojik olarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Akrilik eksternal fiksasyon yöntemi ile sağaltımı yapılan 5 olgunun 15. gün kontrollerinde 2 olguda (Olgu no 1, 3) pin diplerinde enfeksiyon olduğu, 3 olguda ise herhangi bir enfeksiyona rastlanılmadığı, 2 olguda pinlerde gevşeme olduğu (Olgu no 1, 3), kontrollerin 30. gününde tüm olgularda kırık fragmentlerinin kaynamalarının iyi olduğu ancak olgu no 1’ de sağ ve sol mandibulada hafif dislokasyon olduğu radyolojik ve klinik muayeneler neticesinde belirlendi.

Sonuç olarak; Akrilik eksternal fiksatörler yenidoğan buzağıların mandibula kırıklarında hem maliyetinin ucuz olması hem de kemik dokularının zayıf olmasından dolayı diğer tekniklerine alternatif olarak çene kırıklarının sağaltımda operatif olarak kolaylıkla uygulanabileceği kanısına varıldı.
ANALISI FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN UMKM PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 (STUDI KASUS PADA UMKM KLUBAN DI BANJARATMA)
Authors: Warpuah  , Dwi Harini  , Bambang Riono Slamet
Published: August 2023

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has affected many various fields, including the people's economy. The affected economic sectors include Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), both culinary and handicraft businesses and. Their income is declining. This is due to the decline in people's purchasing power. Various efforts were made to deal with the possible business risks faced. However, MSME actors are still faced with various problems, both technical and nontechnical. This condition is a challenge in order to prepare for capital expenditures and the flow of the impact of the pandemic. Various strategies are carried out in order to keep the business running. If the Covid-19 pandemic continues, it is not impossible that some business actors will be able to go out of business to close their businesses. This prediction certainly threatens the Indonesian national economy. This study aims to find out what factors affect the income of MSMEs during the Covid-19 pandemic. The population in this study was 30 members of the Club MSME actors in Banjaratma Village. This research. The results of the factor analysis stated that in this study, 10 factors were found that influenced the decline in MSME income during the Covid-19 pandemic in Banjartma Village. These factors are: social distancing factors, PSBB factors, raw material factors, sales factors, technology factors, fund assistance factors, influencer factors, banking factors, consumption factors, and structural policy factors
SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PERSEDIAAN BARANG DAGANG DENGAN METODE FIFO
Authors: Sumarlin Tantik , Demo Ham Crisdayanti Violitta
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Apotek Balongsari Sehat yang terdapat di Balongsari, Pringapus Kabupaten Semarang. dalam pencatatan persediaan barang yang masih menggunakan cara manual yaitu dengan menulis data barang di buku besar. Pengelolaan persediaan barang dagang dengan cara manual, dapat menimbulkan kesalahan dalam perhitungan dan besar resiko terjadinya kehilangan data.

Tujuan Metode yang digunakan dalam pencatatan persediaan barang dagang yaitu metode FIFO (first in first out), dimana penentuan persediaan  didasarkan pada anggapan bahwa barang yang pertama kali masuk diasumsikan keluar pertama kali. Metode penelitian menggunakan R & D (Research and Development) yaitu metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan produk tertentu dan menguji keefektifan produk tersebut. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan meliputi observasi (penelitian), wawancara terhadap objek penelitian dan studi dokumen melalui jurnal, gambar atau karya dari peneliti sebelumnya.

Hasil penelitian adalah suatu sistem informasi akuntansi dengan metode FIFO yang di bangun menggunakan Visual Basic.Net. sistem membantu proses pencatatan persediaan barang dagang, mempermudah pembuatan laporan barang. Sistem memberikan fitur pencarian data, menghitung harga jual dengan ketentuan obat bebas 1,7% dan obat keras 2,5% dilakukan otomatis oleh sistem dan menggunakan data base MySQL serta memiliki 3 akses pengguna. Hasil angket validator internal 3,1 dan eksternal 3,2 Perbandingan kinerja sistem lama dan baru di tunjukan dari hasil penilaian angket sebesar 43,33% : 85,00%. Terdapat peningkatan kinerja sistem sebesar 41,67%, sehingga sistem baru tergolong dalam kategory sangat efektif
Physicochemical characterization of free troposphere and marine boundary layer ice-nucleating particles collected by aircraft in the eastern North Atlantic
Authors: Knopf Daniel A. , Wang Peiwen , Wong Benny , Tomlin Jay M. , Veghte Daniel P. , Lata Nurun N. , China Swarup , Laskin Alexander , Moffet Ryan C. , Aller Josephine Y. , Marcus Matthew A. , Wang Jian
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Atmospheric ice nucleation impacts the hydrological cycle and climate by
modifying the radiative properties of clouds. To improve our predictive
understanding of ice formation, ambient ice-nucleating particles (INPs) need
to be collected and characterized. Measurements of INPs at lower latitudes
in a remote marine region are scarce. The Aerosol and Cloud Experiments in
the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE-ENA) campaign, in the region of the Azores
islands, provided the opportunity to collect particles in the marine
boundary layer (MBL) and free troposphere (FT) by aircraft during the
campaign's summer and winter intensive operation period. The particle
population in samples collected was examined by scanning transmission X-ray
microscopy with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The
identified INPs were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with
energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. We observed differences in the particle
population characteristics in terms of particle diversity, mixing state, and
organic volume fraction between seasons, mostly due to dry intrusion events
during winter, as well as between the sampling locations of the MBL and FT. These
differences are also reflected in the temperature and humidity conditions
under which water uptake, immersion freezing (IMF), and deposition ice
nucleation (DIN) proceed. Identified INPs reflect typical particle types
within the particle population on the samples and include sea salt, sea salt
with sulfates, and mineral dust, all associated with organic matter, as well as
carbonaceous particles. IMF and DIN kinetics are analyzed with respect to
heterogeneous ice nucleation rate coefficients, Jhet, and ice
nucleation active site density, ns, as a function of the water
criterion Δaw. DIN is also analyzed in terms of contact angles
following classical nucleation theory. Derived MBL IMF kinetics agree with
previous ACE-ENA ground-site INP measurements. FT particle samples show
greater ice nucleation propensity compared to MBL particle samples. This
study emphasizes that the types of INPs can vary seasonally and with
altitude depending on sampling location, thereby showing different ice
nucleation propensities, which is crucial information when representing mixed-phase
cloud and cirrus cloud microphysics in models.
Influence of atmospheric rivers and associated weather systems on precipitation in the Arctic
Authors: Lauer Melanie , Rinke Annette , Gorodetskaya Irina , Sprenger Michael , Mech Mario , Crewell Susanne
Published: August 2023

Abstract. In this study, we analyse the contribution of atmospheric rivers (ARs), cyclones, and fronts to the total precipitation in the Arctic. We focus on two distinct periods of different weather conditions from two airborne campaigns: ACLOUD (Arctic Cloud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar day; May/June 2017) and AFLUX (Aircraft campaign Arctic Boundary Layer Fluxes; March/April 2019). Both campaigns covered the northern North Atlantic sector, the area in the Arctic that is affected by the highest precipitation rates. Using ERA5 reanalysis, we identify pronounced regional anomalies with enhanced precipitation rates compared to the climatology during ACLOUD due to these weather systems, whereas during AFLUX enhanced precipitation rates occur over most of the area. We have established a new methodology that allows us to analyse the contribution of ARs, cyclones, and fronts to precipitation rates based on ERA5 reanalysis and different detection algorithms. Here, we distinguish whether these systems occur co-located or separately. The contributions differ between the two periods. During ACLOUD (early summer), the precipitation rates are mainly associated with AR- (40 %) and front-related (55 %) components, especially if they are connected, while cyclone-related components (22 %) play a minor role. However, during AFLUX (early spring) the precipitation is mainly associated with cyclone-related components (62 %). For both campaign periods, snow is the dominant form of precipitation, and the small rain occurrence is almost all associated with ARs. About one-third of the precipitation can not be attributed to one of the weather systems, the so-called residual. While the residual can be found more frequently as convective than as large-scale precipitation, the rare occasion of convective precipitation (roughly 20 %) can not completely explain the residual. The fraction of precipitation classified as residual is reduced significantly when a precipitation threshold is applied that is often used to eliminate “artificial” precipitation. However, a threshold of 0.1 mm h−1 reduces the total accumulated precipitation by a factor of 2 (ACLOUD) and 3 (AFLUX), especially affecting light precipitation over the Arctic Ocean.
We also show the dependence of the results on the choice of the detection algorithm serving as a first estimate of the uncertainty. In the future, we aim to apply the methodology to the full ERA5 record to investigate whether the differences found between the campaign periods are typical for the different seasons in which they were performed and whether any trends in precipitation associated with these weather systems can be identified.
Identifying climate model structural inconsistencies allows for tight constraint of aerosol radiative forcing
Authors: Regayre Leighton A. , Deaconu Lucia , Grosvenor Daniel P. , Sexton David M. H. , Symonds Christopher , Langton Tom , Watson-Paris Duncan , Mulcahy Jane P. , Pringle Kirsty J. , Richardson Mark , Johnson Jill S. , Rostron John W. , Gordon Hamish , Lister Grenville , Stier Philip , Carslaw Ken S.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Aerosol radiative forcing uncertainty affects estimates of climate sensitivity and limits model skill in terms of making climate projections. Efforts to
improve the representations of physical processes in climate models, including extensive comparisons with observations, have not significantly
constrained the range of possible aerosol forcing values. A far stronger constraint, in particular for the lower (most-negative) bound, can be
achieved using global mean energy balance arguments based on observed changes in historical temperature. Here, we show that structural deficiencies in a climate model, revealed as inconsistencies among observationally constrained cloud properties in the model, limit the effectiveness of observational constraint of the uncertain physical processes. We sample the uncertainty in 37 model parameters related to aerosols, clouds, and radiation in a perturbed parameter ensemble of the UK Earth System Model and evaluate 1 million model variants (different parameter settings from Gaussian
process emulators) against satellite-derived observations over several cloudy regions. Our analysis of a very large set of model variants exposes
model internal inconsistencies that would not be apparent in a small set of model simulations, of an order that may be evaluated during model-tuning efforts. Incorporating observations associated with these inconsistencies weakens any forcing constraint because they require a wider range of parameter values to accommodate conflicting information. We show that, by neglecting variables associated with these inconsistencies, it is possible to reduce the parametric uncertainty in global mean aerosol forcing by more than 50 %, constraining it to a range (around −1.3 to −0.1 W m−2) in close agreement with energy balance constraints. Our estimated aerosol forcing range is the maximum feasible constraint using our structurally imperfect model and the chosen observations. Structural model developments targeted at the identified inconsistencies would enable a larger set of observations to be used for constraint, which would then very likely narrow the uncertainty further and possibly alter the central estimate. Such an approach provides a rigorous pathway to improved model realism and reduced uncertainty that has so far not been achieved through the normal model development approach.
Past fire dynamics inferred from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and monosaccharide anhydrides in a stalagmite from the archaeological site of Mayapan, Mexico
Authors: Homann Julia , Karbach Niklas , Carolin Stacy A. , James Daniel H. , Hodell David , Breitenbach Sebastian F. M. , Kwiecien Ola , Brenner Mark , Peraza Lope Carlos , Hoffmann Thorsten
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Speleothems (cave stalagmites) contain inorganic and organic substances that can be used to infer past changes in local and regional paleoenvironmental
conditions. Specific biomarkers can be employed to elucidate the history of
past fires, caused by interactions among climate, regional hydrology,
vegetation, humans, and fire activity. We conducted a simple solid–liquid
extraction on pulverised carbonate samples to prepare them for analysis of
16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and three monosaccharide
anhydrides (MAs). The preparation method requires only small samples
(0.5–1.0 g); PAHs and MAs were measured by GC–MS and LC–HILIC–MS,
respectively. Detection limits range from 0.05–2.1 ng for PAHs and
0.01–0.1 ng for MAs. We applied the method to 10 samples from a
∼ 400-year-old stalagmite from Cenote Ch'en Mul, at Mayapan
(Mexico), the largest Postclassic Maya capital of the Yucatán Peninsula. We found a strong correlation (r = 0.75, p < 0.05) between the major
MA (levoglucosan) and non-alkylated PAHs (Σ15). We investigated
multiple diagnostic PAH and MA ratios and found that although not all were
applicable as paleo-fire proxies, ratios that combine PAHs with MAs are
promising tools for identifying different fire regimes and inferring the
type of fuel burned. In the 1950s and 1960s, levoglucosan and Σ15
concentrations roughly doubled compared to other times in the last 400 years, suggesting greater fire activity at Mayapan during these two decades.
The higher concentrations of fire markers may have been a consequence of
land clearance at the site and exploration of the cave by Carnegie
Institution archaeologists.
MEIAT-CMAQ v1.0: A Modular Emission Inventory Allocation Tool for Community Multiscale Air Quality Model Version 1.0
Authors: Wang Haofan , Qiu Jiaxin , Liu Yiming , Fan Qi , Lu Xiao , Zhang Yang , Wu Kai , Shen Ao , Xu Yifei , Jin Yinbao , Zhu Yuqi , Sun Jiayin , Wang Haolin
Published: August 2023

Abstract. The Modular Emission Inventory Allocation Tool for Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (MEIAT-CMAQ) v1.0 is a resource that enables the refinement of coarse emission inventories by delivering complete temporal, species, and vertical allocations. This tool generates model-ready emission files for CMAQ, and it effectively addresses the challenges concerning the pinpointing of grid information and the spatial allocation for spatial surrogates with specific shapes. These features significantly enhance the accuracy of the allocation of emissions from transportation sectors. Additionally, MEIAT-CMAQv1.0 features an efficient operational algorithm and a modular design, thus conferring greater flexibility and making it suitable for both gridded and tabulated emissions inventories. By inputting pre-assessment and post-assessment emissions separately into the CMAQ model, we observe that post-allocation inventory has a significant positive effect on both O3 and PM2.5 simulations. The development of MEIAT-CMAQv1.0 provides valuable insights into the automated operation of air quality models and the development of emission inventory allocation tools.
Measurement report: Influence of the Antarctic Ozone Hole in Southern Brazil: Conceptual model for 42 years of analysis the atmospheric dynamics on ozone
Authors: Bittencourt Gabriela Dornelles , Pinheiro Damaris Kirsch , Bencherif Hassan , Peres Lucas Vaz , Begue Nelson , Bageston José Valentin , de Bem Douglas Lima , Anabor Vagner , Steffenel Luiz Angelo
Published: August 2023

Abstract. The austral spring in the Southern Hemisphere presents temporary reductions in ozone content mainly in the Antarctic region known as the Antarctic Ozone Hole (AOH). However, studies show an influence in mid-latitude regions, such as southern Brazil, where days with temporary decreases in the total column ozone (TCO) are identified. The main objective of this work is to investigate this influence of AOH on the southern region of Brazil, using data from the TCO and vertical profiles that will help to identify the preferential height at which these decreases occur in southern Brazil, in addition to analyzing the atmospheric dynamic behavior during these events in the period 42 years of data (1979 to 2020). The methodology used comprises the analysis of average daily data of the total column of ozone through ground-based instruments (Brewer Spectrophotometer), satellite data (TOMS and OMI), and to compare reanalysis data from the ECMWF-ERA5, for the identification of events of influence of the AOH on the southern region of Brazil. The analysis of the vertical content of ozone (O3) data from the TIMED/SABER satellite provides daily data from 15 to 110 km in height and has 19 years of O3 profiles available in the period from 2002 to 2020. From this, 102 events were identified that influenced Santa Maria (29.4º S; 53.7º W), in the south of Brazil, with a temporary decrease in the ozone content in the period, where between 24.1–28 km of altitude the more significant reductions in O3 during events. In the dynamic analysis, the stratospheric fields showed an increase in the absolute potential vorticity, mainly in September and October. The conceptual models in the horizontal and vertical section of the atmosphere explain the action of the stratospheric and tropospheric jet during the occurrence of events of decrease in the O3 content in Santa Maria. It was possible to identify the strong influence on the development of these events through the connection of the stratospheric jet (polar vortex) with the tropospheric jets (polar and subtropical jet) at medium and high levels of the atmosphere.
Geosite database of the High Gerecse Hills (Hungary): with cartographic and GIS-based methodologies
Authors: Hajdú Edina , Irás Krisztina , Pál Márton
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Geotourism is a branch of tourism that primarily presents the inanimate and spectacular objects of nature that sustainably have scientific and tourism significance. Although in Hungary, activities connected to it are not widely spread yet, the sector is dynamically developing. Dissemination of geotourism values is primarily concentrated in geoparks. The main goal of these institutions is to preserve and popularize geoscientific (geological, geomorphological, soil, landscape) values. We consider all inanimate geoscientific, social, cultural, or religious values as geosites, which carry scientific content in an easily interpretable and spectacular way for visitors. Geosites are the most important objects of these organizations. When founding a new geopark, the first step is to identify geosites by using cartographic and database materials and with some additional fieldwork. In our research, we conducted a survey of this kind in a geotouristically undiscovered, midmountain area in Hungary. After analogue and digital data collection, we identified all the geologically valuable objects in 16-day-long fieldwork. A digital Leaflet-based database has also been prepared encompassing the results of the field survey, which can be a basis for further research and infrastructural development.
Integrating spatial analytics in power system planning techniques for the green energy transition
Authors: Liebenberg Keagen , Malapermal Sanjian
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Fossil fuel energy generation contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions globally. Energy transition towards sustainable, low-carbon energy needs to occur. South Africa has pledged to achieve a net-zero carbon economy by 2050 and in-line with this energy transition. The country has implemented the Renewable Energy Independent Power Procurement Programme (REIPPPP) to promote private investment within the energy sector. As new capacity is constructed, it requires the national grid to move from a vertically integrated passive power model to a deregulated active power flow due to the distributed sources of energy. In this paper, a method for connecting distributed power producers is introduced by providing candidate locations for Network Planners to develop insights for optimal placement of collector stations that connect multiple power producers in an orderly manner onto the electrical grid. This method uses buffer distances and Voronoi polygons from the stations on the national grid in order for the power producers to be aggregated and assigned connection to a collector station. Furthermore, this paper proposes a model for potential power producers that allows Network Planners to adequately plan for future grid access applications.
Groth’s algorithm to detect the possible presence of landmines using changes in the reflection of plants
Authors: Schmitz Peter , Pretorius René , Du Plooy Niell , Cooper Antony
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Post-conflict reconstruction includes the removal of land mines and remnants of war. The CSIR conducted field experiments to determine the impact of TNT in the soil on plants as a possible means to detect landmines. All the leaf clip readings were done using a spectrometer to determine reflection and absorption of light at one micrometre intervals between 350 to 2500 micrometre. Laboratory analysis such as UPLC qTOF MS indicated that the TNT have an influence on the plants. Several indices such as Modified Red Edge Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (mNDVI705), Red Edge Position (REP) and Moisture Stress Index (MSI) did not show any significant differences between control plants and experimental plants with different TNT concentrations. Groth’s pattern matching algorithm designed to match several photographs of the same part of the universe. A set of triangles using dominant stars are created for each photograph and matched using an error band. If the selected triangles from the two photographs fit within the error band, then they are from the same section of the universe. Bands for the Pléiades instruments were simulated using the data from the spectrometer for each plant. The reflectance value of the band and the normalised midpoint wavelength of each Pléiades band were used to construct the triangles. The control plant triangle is then matched with the experimental plant and if the triangles do not match, then the effect of TNT on the plant is significant. The initial results with the control plants and experimental plants are positive.
Generalization of digital elevation models for military passability maps development
Authors: Dawid Wojciech , Pokonieczny Krzysztof
Published: August 2023

Abstract. This paper presents the methodology of the digital elevation model (DEM) generalization which aims to reduce the generation time of the military passability maps. The generalization is based on the local standard deviations of slopes on the analyzed area. It assumes that in areas, where the diversification of relief is low, the elevation points should be reduced, which may significantly increase the efficiency of the process of the military passability maps development. The generalization was performed on the LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) elevation data, which can be obtained with no charges from the Polish Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography. The data are in 1 m resolution and in an ASCII grid file, which contains all coordinates (X, Y and H) of elevation points. The conducted research shows that the modification of parameters used in the generalization process (shape and size of primary fields, number of classes and standard deviation threshold) influences the degree of generalization of obtained results. What is more, the generalized DEMs allowed to reduce the processing time of the passability maps by about 3.5 times compared to the non-generalized model. The parameters used for generalization can be adjusted by the user to individual needs which makes the tool universal.
Towards Automated Nautical Chart Compilation and Verification of Output Topology and Safety
Authors: Nada Tamer , Kastrisios Christos , Calder Brian , Ence Christie , Greene Craig , Bethell Amber
Published: August 2023

Abstract. The compilation of Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs) requires significant amount of time, labor-intensive efforts, and cost. Despite the advancements in technology and the various research efforts, generalization tasks are still performed manually or semi-manually with expected human errors. The dramatic increase in the amount of data that is collected by modern acquisition systems, in addition to the increasing timeline expected by the end-users, are constantly driving Hydrographic Offices (HOs) toward the investigation and adoption of more advanced and effective ways for automating the generalization tasks to speed up the process, minimize the cost, and improve productivity. Full automation of the nautical chart compilation process has been unreachable due to the strict nautical cartographic constraints (and particularly those of safety and topology) that pose a challenge for most of the available generalization tools, while it remains questionable whether automation can replace human thought processes. In this paper, we discuss a research effort for an Automated Nautical-chart Generalization (ANG) model in the Esri environment. The ANG model builds upon the nautical chart generalization guidelines and practice and utilizes available tools in the Esri environment to perform the generalization of selected ENC features to the target scale. Safety constraints in the marine domain is of utmost importance, however, since most of the readily available tools do not respect safety, the main goal of this effort has been an output with no topological violations. In the current phase of the project, we evaluate safety of soundings and contour for user fixing and while the validation of bathymetry is a well-researched topic, there was the need for an automated process to identify the sections of the generalized contours that have been displaced toward the shallow water side Therefore, this work also presents a safety validation tool that detects the contours’ safety violations in the output. The tool is composed of three main stages that run individually after the ANG model is complete with the aim to highlight the safety violations for fixing by cartographers.
Assessment of the quality of colour scales: a case study "Landscape Atlas of Czech Republic"
Authors: Vozenilek Vit , Lachova Veronika
Published: August 2023

Abstract. The atlas, as a typical product of thematic cartography, is characterized by cohesive approaches in the procedures of atlas compilation. One of the results of these cohesive approaches is the uniform setting of colour scales in choropleth maps. The paper aims to evaluate the quality of colour scales in choropleth maps in an atlas from the point of view of systematic visualization, using the example of the electronic version of the Landscape Atlas of the Czech Republic. A total of 56 sequential and 6 divergent colour scales were selected from the Atlas. Seven hypotheses related to colours were formulated and then tested. The paper assumes that the colour scales in the atlas are not uniformly constructed. The authors hypothesise the approach by which the creators of the atlas chose these colours. In the CIELAB colour model, the colour distances between the colours of the intervals were measured, calculated, statistically evaluated and graphically expressed. The colour scales were also evaluated against the background of the map sheets. The results revealed the nature of the approach of the authors of the Atlas when compiling colour scales of choropleth maps. The aim of the paper was also to define the criteria for evaluating the quality of colour scales and to formulate recommendations for the compilation of colour scales. These recommendations should help map makers to create high-quality atlas maps and users to get more accurate and faster information from maps.
Threats to Security and Privacy of Information Due to Growing Use of Social Media in India
Authors: Arora Amishi , Mendhekar Amlesh
Published: August 2023

The world is witnessing a rapid rise in the use of Internet by people. With the advancement of technology and increased use of mobile phones/smart phones, people are able to access internet virtually from any part of the globe. Social media is now a very popular means of communication on the internet. The basic idea behind social media concept was to create platform which is user-driven, interactive Web in order to ‘bring people closer’.In this paper, an attempt has been made to provide an overview of dangers posed by social media platforms to the information security and data privacy of the people. Cybercriminals are using social media platforms to carry out their illegal activities. A large number of people are falling easy prey to cybercriminals everyday on social networking sites. This paper explores the different types of threats which may compromise information security and privacy of people especially the youngsters due to their increased use of social networking platforms. As India has one of the fastest growing social media user base in the world, this paper also explores the various security measures that can be undertaken to become less vulnerable to the threats posed by cybercriminals on social media.
Documentation Of Software Testing For Dafbin Aplication With IEEE 829-2008 Standar
Authors: Utami Diyan Febriana Nur , RR Hutanti Setyodewi
Published: August 2023

PT Qatros Teknologi Nusantara is one of the companies that is an internship partner of Kampus Merdeka. PT Qatros Teknologi Nusantara is a technology startup that offers various services for digital product needs (consulting, development, maintenance) and human resource needs (specific in-house training, public training, bootcamp training). PT Qatros Teknologi Nusantara provides projects to internship students to build a Business Intelligence-based system.  Until now, the Dafbin application still does not have testing documentation because the Dafbin application is a newly developed application that will later be released on PlayStore. During this testing process using the IEEE 829-2008 Software Testing standard to provide an evaluation of the features of the software being developed. This documentation work uses the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) method where the stages of the testing process are carried out systematically and planned. The final results obtained are documentation in the form of test scenarios based on 4 aspects of the system and attachments to the IEEE-829 standard MTP (Master Test Plan) document
Sempre en Galiza, prohibido por la dictadura franquista
Authors: Dasilva Xosé Manuel
Published: August 2023

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal analizar los numerosos avatares que Sempre en Galiza sufrió a lo largo del período franquista. En primer lugar, se ofrecen algunas informaciones sobre la prohibición que impidió con especial empeño su publicación en nuestro territorio durante varias décadas. A continuación, se presta atención a aquellas páginas del ensayo de Castelao que se incluyeron en los volúmenes Escolma posible (1963), de la editorial Galaxia, y El pensamiento político de Castelao (1965), impreso por Ruedo Ibérico en Francia. En la última parte del estudio, se someten a examen particularmente los expedientes de censura de las iniciativas relativas a Sempre en Galiza que llevaron a cabo, por un lado, la librería viguesa Librouro en 1975 y, por otro lado, Akal Editor en 1976 y 1977, fecha esta última en la que salió por fin el libro en su totalidad entre nosotros.
Las mujeres como fazedoras y guardianas de la cultura escrita en la Galicia medieval. Una aproximación preliminar
Authors: García-Fernández Miguel
Published: August 2023

Las mujeres establecieron un amplio conjunto de relaciones con la cultura escrita en el seno de la sociedad medieval gallega. No obstante, más allá de insistir una vez más en las dificultades que se presentan a la hora de documentar su alfabetización y su papel como escritoras o autoras, e incluso como lectoras –los temas que han estado más presentes en los estudios socio-literarios sobre las mujeres medievales–, el objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer, a partir de las fuentes gallegas, una aproximación preliminar a esa más compleja y, sobre todo, más heterogénea red de relaciones que existieron entre las mujeres y la cultura escrita, presentándolas, fundamentalmente, como fazedoras (o hacedoras) y guardianas de la cultura escrita medieval en su condición de promotoras, impulsoras, mecenas, propietarias, transmisoras o custodias de textos documentales, literarios o epigráficos. Se trata, por tanto, de ofrecer una propuesta global para repensar la relación de las mujeres medievales gallegas con la cultura escrita en clave de iniciativa, promoción o “agencia” (agency) femeninas, y de insistir en la participación activa de las mujeres en la producción y conservación del patrimonio documental de la Galicia medieval.
Ethics review of research on humans in the biomedical and non-biomedical sciences: bridging "two cultures" in Brazil?
Authors: Rocha Karina de Albuquerque , Vasconcelos Sonia Maria Ramos
Published: August 2023

The ethics regulation of human-subject research in Brazil is by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP)/National Commission of Research Ethics (CONEP) System. While primarily focusing on biomedical research, this System also oversees the ethics of non-biomedical research. However, a distinct clash between these two research cultures is evident in Brazil. Despite existing guidelines, the cultural clash between biomedical and the humanities and social sciences (HSS) research has fueled discussions that include separating HSS research from the oversight of the CEP/CONEP System. We investigated perceptions of this ethics regulatory framework, focusing on HSS. A survey was conducted among coordinators of HSS graduate programs in six Brazilian public universities. We found growing awareness of and willingness to address the ethical aspects of human-subject research. Paradoxically, the ongoing conflictual debate seems to be gradually bridging the gap between these two cultures and feeding transformative changes to ethics regulation in HSS human-subject research in Brazil.