bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Informal Economy and Social Programs in Mexico: A Critique
Authors: Wilson Tamar Diana
Published: September 2017

In the wake of neoliberal reforms that devastated the country, Mexico and the World Bank converged on providing at least two social programs in the guise of “humanitarian” capitalism. Progresa, also known as Oportunidades and more recently Prospera, involves a workfare-based cash transfer program aimed at enhancing the human capital of future generations. The program has been criticized for its exploitation of the work of mothers. Seguro Popular involves extending basic health care to those employed in the informal economy. Both, with all their weaknesses and exploitative aspects, serve the function of providing skills and enhanced health status to the subproletariat in the hope that a competitive formal economy will expand and employ them; they are also intended to mute social protest.

A raíz de las reformas neoliberales que devastaron el país, México y el Banco Mundial acordaron la creación de por lo menos dos programas sociales disfrazados como capitalismo “humanitario.” Progresa, también conocido como Oportunidades y más recientemente Prospera, es un programa de asistencia de transferencia de efectivo dirigido a mejorar el capital humano de futuras generaciones, y ha sido criticado por explotar el trabajo materno. El Seguro Popular extiende servicios de atención de salud básica a los empleados en la economía informal. Ambos, con todas sus debilidades y características explotadoras, tienen por objeto mejorar las habilidades y estado de salud del sub-proletariado, con la esperanza de que se amplíe una economía competitiva formal que los emplee. También buscan silenciar las protestas sociales.
Innate Lymphoid Cells Mediate Pulmonary Eosinophilic Inflammation, Airway Mucous Cell Metaplasia, and Type 2 Immunity in Mice Exposed to Ozone
Authors: Kumagai Kazuyoshi , Lewandowski Ryan P. , Jackson-Humbles Daven N. , Buglak Nicholas , Li Ning , White Kaylin , Van Dyken Steven J. , Wagner James G. , Harkema Jack R.
Published: September 2017

Exposure to elevated levels of ambient ozone in photochemical smog is associated with eosinophilic airway inflammation and nonatopic asthma in children. In the present study, we determined the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the pathogenesis of ozone-induced nonatopic asthma by using lymphoid cell-sufficient C57BL/6 mice, ILC-sufficient Rag2−/− mice (devoid of T and B cells), and ILC-deficient Rag2−/−Il2rg−/− mice (depleted of all lymphoid cells including ILCs). Mice were exposed to 0 or 0.8 parts per million ozone for 1 day or 9 consecutive weekdays (4 hr/day). A single exposure to ozone caused neutrophilic inflammation, airway epithelial injury, and reparative DNA synthesis in all strains of mice, irrespective of the presence or absence of ILCs. In contrast, 9-day exposures induced eosinophilic inflammation and mucous cell metaplasia only in the lungs of ILC-sufficient mice. Repeated ozone exposures also elicited increased messenger RNA expression of transcripts associated with type 2 immunity and airway mucus production in ILC-sufficient mice. ILC-deficient mice repeatedly exposed to ozone had no pulmonary pathology or increased gene expression related to type 2 immunity. These results suggest a new paradigm for the biologic mechanisms underlying the development of a phenotype of childhood nonatopic asthma that has been linked to ambient ozone exposures.
Eating disorders: Insights from imaging and behavioral approaches to treatment
Authors: Stice Eric , Shaw Heather
Published: September 2017

Understanding factors that contribute to eating disorders, which affect 13% of females, is critical to developing effective prevention and treatment programs. In this paper, we summarize results from prospective studies that identified factors predicting onset and persistence of eating disorders and core symptom dimensions. Next, implications for intervention targets for prevention, and treatment interventions from the risk- and maintenance-factor findings are discussed. Third, given that evidence suggests eating disorders are highly heritable, implying biological risk and maintenance factors for eating disorders, we offer working hypotheses about biological factors that might contribute to eating disorders, based on extant risk factor findings, theory, and cross-sectional studies. Finally, potentially fruitful directions for future research are presented. We suggest that it would be useful for experimental therapeutics trials to evaluate the effects of reducing the risk factors on future onset of eating pathology and on reducing maintenance factors on the risk for persistence of eating pathology, and encourage researchers to utilize prospective high-risk studies so that knowledge regarding potential intervention targets for prevention and treatment interventions for eating disorders can be advanced. Using the most rigorous research designs should help improve the efficacy of prevention and treatment interventions for eating disorders.
Pathology and Epidemiology of Oxalate Nephrosis in Cheetahs
Authors: Mitchell Emily P. , Church Molly E. , Nemser Sarah M. , Yakes Betsy Jean , Evans Eric R. , Reimschuessel Renate , Lemberger Karin , Thompson Peter N. , Terio Karen A.
Published: September 2017

To investigate cases of acute oxalate nephrosis without evidence of ethylene glycol exposure, archived data and tissues from cheetahs ( Acinonyx jubatus) from North America ( n = 297), southern Africa ( n = 257), and France ( n = 40) were evaluated. Renal and gastrointestinal tract lesions were characterized in a subset of animals with ( n = 100) and without ( n = 165) oxalate crystals at death. Crystals were confirmed as calcium oxalate by Raman spectroscopy in 45 of 47 cheetahs tested. Crystals were present in cheetahs from 3.7 months to 15.9 years old. Cheetahs younger than 1.5 years were less likely to have oxalates than older cheetahs ( P = .034), but young cheetahs with oxalates had more oxalate crystals than older cheetahs ( P < .001). Cheetahs with oxalate crystals were more likely to have renal amyloidosis, interstitial nephritis, or colitis and less likely to have glomerular loop thickening or gastritis than those without oxalates. Crystal number was positively associated with renal tubular necrosis ( P ≤ .001), regeneration ( P = .015), and casts ( P ≤ .001) but inversely associated with glomerulosclerosis, renal amyloidosis, and interstitial nephritis. Crystal number was unrelated to the presence or absence of colitis and was lower in southern African than American and European animals ( P = .01). This study found no evidence that coexisting chronic renal disease (amyloidosis, interstitial nephritis, or glomerulosclerosis), veno-occlusive disease, gastritis, or enterocolitis contributed significantly to oxalate nephrosis. Oxalate-related renal disease should be considered as a potential cause of acute renal failure, especially in young captive cheetahs. The role of location, diet, stress, and genetic predisposition in the pathogenesis of oxalate nephrosis in cheetahs warrants further study.
Single-Stage Cartilage Repair Using Platelet-Rich Fibrin Scaffolds With Autologous Cartilaginous Grafts
Authors: Wong Chin-Chean , Chen Chih-Hwa , Chan Wing P. , Chiu Li-Hsuan , Ho Wei-Pin , Hsieh Fon-Jou , Chen You-Tzung , Yang Tsung-Lin
Published: September 2017

Background:

To avoid complicated procedures requiring in vitro chondrocyte expansion for cartilage repair, the development of a culture-free, 1-stage approach combining platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and autologous cartilage grafts may be the solution.

Purpose:

To develop a feasible 1-step procedure to combine PRF and autologous cartilage grafts for articular chondral defects.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study

Methods:

The chemotactic effects of PRF on chondrocytes harvested from the primary culture of rabbit cartilage were evaluated in vitro and ex vivo. The rabbit chondrocytes were cultured with different concentrations of PRF media and evaluated for their cell proliferation, chondrogenic gene expression, cell viability, and extracellular matrix synthesis abilities. For the in vivo study, the chondral defects were created on established animal models of rabbits. The gross anatomy, histology, and objective scores were evaluated to validate the treatment results.

Results:

PRF improved the chemotaxis, proliferation, and viability of the cultured chondrocytes. The gene expression of the chondrogenic markers, including type II collagen and aggrecan, revealed that PRF induced the chondrogenic differentiation of cultured chondrocytes. PRF increased the formation and deposition of the cartilaginous matrix produced by cultured chondrocytes. The efficacy of PRF on cell viability was comparable with that of fetal bovine serum. In animal disease models, morphologic, histological, and objectively quantitative evaluation demonstrated that PRF combined with cartilage granules was feasible in facilitating chondral repair.

Conclusion:

PRF enhances the migration, proliferation, viability, and differentiation of chondrocytes, thus showing an appealing capacity for cartilage repair. The data altogether provide evidence to confirm the feasibility of 1-stage, culture-free method of combining PRF and autologous cartilage graft for repairing articular chondral defects.

Clinical Relevance:

The single-stage, culture-free method of combining PRF and autologous cartilage is useful for repairing articular chondral defects. These advantages benefit clinical translation by simplifying and potentiating the efficacy of autologous cartilage transplantation.
Multimodal Resemiotization and Authorial Agency in an L2 Writing Classroom
Authors: Cimasko Tony , Shin Dong-shin
Published: September 2017

This study examines the composing process and authorial agency of a college ESL writer as she remediated an argumentative essay into a multimodal digital video. Employing principles of sociosemiotic ethnography, and drawing on the concepts of resemiotization and recontextualization, the study investigated multiple types of data, including an argumentative paper, video transcript, multimedia video, interview transcripts, and observation notes. Data analysis shows that her choice and orchestration of modal resources were shaped by her textual identity construction work, efforts to accommodate perceived audiences, and previous experience with the medium. Remediation with multimedia offered the student more semiotic resources to expand authorship, but the contextual forces of audience and medium bounded her authorial expression. The student’s multimodal writing illustrated discursive processes of negotiating and performing authorial positions for rhetorical goals with awareness of the linguistic, social, and cultural contexts of text production. This investigation ultimately aims to expand aspects of multimodal writing and literacy practice by examining the discursive nature of the design process in linguistically and culturally diverse contexts.
Improving Ambulatory Care Resident Training: Preparing for Opportunities to Treat Mental Illness in the Primary Care Setting
Authors: Farhat Nada M. , Bostwick Jolene R. , Rockafellow Stuart D.
Published: September 2017

Purpose:

The development of an outpatient psychiatry clinical practice learning experience for PGY2 ambulatory care pharmacy residents in preparation for the treatment of psychiatric disorders in the primary care setting is described.

With the increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders, significant mortality, and limited access to care, integration of mental health treatment into the primary care setting is necessary to improve patient outcomes. Given the majority of mental health treatment occurs in the primary care setting, pharmacists in patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs) are in a unique position with direct access to patients to effectively manage these illnesses. However, the increased need for pharmacist education and training in psychiatry has prompted a large, Midwestern academic health system to develop an outpatient psychiatry learning experience for PGY2 (Postgraduate Year 2) ambulatory care pharmacy residents in 2015. The goal of this learning experience is to introduce the PGY2 ambulatory care residents to the role and impact of psychiatric clinical pharmacists and to orient the residents to the basics of psychiatric pharmacotherapy to be applied to their future practice in the primary care setting.

Conclusion:

The development of an outpatient psychiatry learning experience for PGY2 ambulatory care pharmacy residents will allow for more integrated and comprehensive care for patients with psychiatric conditions, many of whom are treated and managed in the PCMH setting.
Spend or Save? Nonprofits’ Use of Donations and Other Revenues
Authors: Duquette Nicolas J.
Published: September 2017

Panel regression methods are used to estimate the links between nonprofits’ revenues by source and the uses of those revenues. While charities spend most types of revenue on program services, they overwhelmingly save revenue from donations. This is true for all types of charity by National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities code. This saving is not driven by donor restrictions or by short-term strategic shifts but is consistent with expense smoothing over time. Policy makers should consider effects of donation incentives and government grants on the timing of outputs that result from different revenue sources.
Generalized optimal impact-angle-control guidance with terminal acceleration response constraint
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Jiang , Lin Defu
Published: September 2017

To study the optimal impact-angle-control guidance problem with multiple terminal constraints, a generalized optimal impact-angle-control guidance law with terminal acceleration response constraint (GOIACGL-TARC) is proposed. In the deriving, a time-to-go − nth power weighted object function is adopted to derived the GOIACGL-TARC and a general expression of GOIACGL-TARC is presented. Based on the general expression of GOIACGL-TARC, three guidance laws, GOIACGL-TARC1/TACC0/TACC1 are proposed and the inheritance relationship between GOIACGL-TACC0/TACC1/TARC1 and the conventional optimal guidance law with impact angle constraint is demonstrated. Performance analysis of the proposed guidance laws shows that in the case of GOIACGL-TACC0, the terminal acceleration is not zero at n = 0 and only as n > 0, the terminal acceleration converges to zero; in the case of GOIACGL-TACC1 and GOIACGL-TARC1, GOIACGL-TARC1 can guarantee the acceleration response to reach the exactly zero value but GOIACGL-TACC1 cannot, which can only guarantee the acceleration command to reach the exactly zero value. It is pointed out that compared with the biased proportional navigation guidance law, GOIACGL-TARC1 has an outstanding guidance performance in acceleration response, miss distance, and terminal impact angle error.
Disparities in Use and Access to Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction Among African American Women
Authors: Soni Sara E. , Lee M. Catherine , Gwede Clement K.
Published: September 2017

Postmastectomy breast reconstruction is a therapy that has been shown to have positive psychological effects on its recipients. There is evidence that racial disparities in its use exist, particularly among African American (AA) women. The purpose of this targeted review of the literature was to examine the use of postmastectomy breast reconstruction among AA women and to explore factors that contribute to such disparities. Published literature that evaluated rates of breast reconstruction in AA women, as well as barriers to reconstruction in this population, was reviewed. All of the reviewed data consisted of retrospective studies. There are conflicting data in the literature regarding disparities in the rates of postmastectomy breast reconstruction among AA women. However, a majority of studies found that AA women were less likely (odds ratios: 0.36-0.71) to receive postmastectomy breast reconstruction compared to white women. System-associated factors, physician-associated factors, and patient-associated factors interact in a complex manner that contributes to the reported disparities. Although there are trends suggesting racial disparities in the rates of postmastectomy breast reconstruction exist, the published data are retrospective and are inherently limited. The pursuit of breast reconstruction is highly individual and involves multiple factors that interact in a complex manner. To this end, prospective studies encompassing sociodemographic factors, clinical factors, and patient preferences are necessary to determine what interventions by physicians can have the greatest impact in ensuring equal access to this therapy when it is desired.
Pain and Anxiety Levels of Patients Undergoing Tissue Expansion After Mastectomies
Authors: Le Nicole K. , García-Molina Carla , Kumar Ambuj , Griffin Lisa , Dayicioglu Deniz
Published: September 2017

The tissue expansion process is done after mastectomies to increase the submuscular space in preparation for the placement of permanent breast implant. The process is often believed to be painful by patients who are often intimidated by the prospect of mechanically stretching out their skin and muscle. This study aims to quantify the pain experienced by patients and determine the different pain management techniques used. We used a case series approach, in which patients who were undergoing serial tissue expansion process were asked to rate their pain and anxiety on a scale from 1 to 10, using a questionnaire and the visual analog scale. Pain was rated during and after the expansion procedure, and patients were also surveyed to find the most commonly used and most effective pain management technique. Patients typically reported very little pain during and after the procedure, with an average of 0.4 to 2.5 pain experienced out of 10. The pain did not last, on average, longer than 1 day. Furthermore, the most widely used and most helpful pain medication was ibuprofen. During the tissue expansion procedure, the mean anxiety level was 0.64 (1.3). The findings show that tissue expansion process is a relatively low pain procedure and is not a contraindication for undergoing breast reconstruction. Ibuprofen, a mild treatment with few side effects, was efficacious in pain relief though most patients required no pain relief.
Disaffiliating From the Cult of the Fallen
Authors: Lavie-Ajayi Maya
Published: September 2017

This article is an autoethnographic exploration of how my family lives with the memory of my uncle, who was killed in service as an enlisted soldier of the Israeli Defense Force during the Yom Kippur War (also known as the 1973 Arab–Israeli War). This article considers how the memory of my uncle has been constructed through the yearly national cycle of military and family ceremonies. Participation in military ceremonies of this nature is a way for my family to deal with the intolerable pain of my uncle’s death. Yet, I argue, this yearly cycle of commemoration is part of “the cult of the fallen” at the heart of contemporary Israeli society; a cult which places the death of my uncle as part of the narrative of inevitable, ongoing national conflict, connecting the past and the present and justifying further militarism in the future.
A Modified Mean Gray Wolf Optimization Approach for Benchmark and Biomedical Problems
Authors: Singh Narinder , Singh SB
Published: September 2017

A modified variant of gray wolf optimization algorithm, namely, mean gray wolf optimization algorithm has been developed by modifying the position update (encircling behavior) equations of gray wolf optimization algorithm. The proposed variant has been tested on 23 standard benchmark well-known test functions (unimodal, multimodal, and fixed-dimension multimodal), and the performance of modified variant has been compared with particle swarm optimization and gray wolf optimization. Proposed algorithm has also been applied to the classification of 5 data sets to check feasibility of the modified variant. The results obtained are compared with many other meta-heuristic approaches, ie, gray wolf optimization, particle swarm optimization, population-based incremental learning, ant colony optimization, etc. The results show that the performance of modified variant is able to find best solutions in terms of high level of accuracy in classification and improved local optima avoidance.
Quality of experience–oriented fuzzy routing decision by combining multiple attributes experience data
Authors: Yang Lingmin , Wang Hong , Zhu Shunying , Yao Changhua , Meng Junye
Published: September 2017

The routing decisions of information data are important to many intelligent systems, such as transporting system. The quality of experience in the routing decisions has drawn attention in recent works. This article studies the quality of experience–oriented routing decision problem using the vacillating fuzzy analysis approach. The integration operators and multiple attribute routing decision method based on multiple unsure information are studied. The experimental results show that the proposed approach solves the personal experience–oriented routing decision problem by improving the qualification of experience under the unsure and uncompleted information conditions.
Repeat treatment with rifaximin improves irritable bowel syndrome-related quality of life: a secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Cash Brooks D. , Pimentel Mark , Rao Satish S. C. , Weinstock Leonard , Chang Lin , Heimanson Zeev , Lembo Anthony
Published: September 2017

Background:

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) impairs patient quality of life (QOL). Rifaximin is an oral, nonsystemic antibiotic indicated for IBS-D. The objective of this secondary analysis was to evaluate rifaximin retreatment on IBS-related QOL in patients with IBS-D.

Methods:

Patients received open-label rifaximin 550 mg three times daily for 2 weeks. Clinical responders [simultaneously meeting weekly response criteria for abdominal pain (⩾30% improvement from baseline in mean weekly pain score) and stool consistency (⩾50% decrease from baseline in number of days/week with Bristol Stool Scale (BSS) type 6 or 7 stools) during ⩾2 of first 4 weeks posttreatment] who relapsed during an up to 18-week treatment-free observation phase were randomly assigned to receive two 2-week courses of double-blind rifaximin or placebo, separated by 10 weeks. A validated 34-item IBS-QOL questionnaire examined patient responses in 8 domains.

Results:

The 2579 patients receiving open-label rifaximin experienced a mean improvement from baseline in IBS-QOL overall score of 54.9%. Responders to open-label rifaximin ( n = 1074 of 2438 evaluable; 44.1%) had significantly greater improvement from baseline in IBS-QOL overall and all eight subdomain scores, including dysphoria, food avoidance, interference with activity, body image, and sexual function versus nonresponders at 4 weeks posttreatment ( n = 1364; p < 0.001 for all comparisons). A significantly greater percentage of responders to open-label rifaximin achieved the minimally clinically important difference (MCID; ⩾14-point improvement from baseline) in the overall IBS-QOL score versus nonresponders [ n = 561 (52.2%) versus n = 287 (21.0%); p < 0.0001]. Among 636 patients with IBS-D relapse, the MCID in the overall IBS-QOL score was achieved by a significantly greater percentage of patients receiving double-blind rifaximin versus placebo (38.6% versus 29.6%, respectively; p = 0.009).

Conclusions:

Open-label and blinded retreatment with a short course (2 weeks) of rifaximin improved IBS-QOL in patients with IBS-D [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01543178].
Serum retinol levels are associated with brain volume loss in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Yokote H , Kamata T , Toru S , Sanjo N , Yokota T
Published: September 2017

Background

Although predicting future brain volume loss (BVL) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is important, studies have shown only a few biomarkers that can predict BVL.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to elucidate the association between longitudinal BVL and serum biomarker candidates.

Methods

This single-center, retrospective, observational study intended to cover MS patients during January 2008 to March 2016. Patients who underwent brain MRI two times at intervals of >24 months and had a blood test to measure biomarker candidates at the time or within three months of the MRI scan were included. Evaluation of brain volume was performed by using SIENAX and SIENA in the FMRIB software library.

Results

Twenty-three patients with MS were included in this study. We found that serum retinol binding protein (RBP) levels were significantly correlated with percentage brain volume change (PBVC) ( p = 0.0079). Furthermore, best subset selection of multiple linear regression models identified baseline normalized brain volume and serum RBP as the best predictors of PBVC.

Conclusions

Our study shows that lower serum retinol levels are associated with greater longitudinal BVL and that serum RBP and can be a predictor of BVL.
Probing the Effects of Task Types on EFL Learners’ Receptive and Productive Vocabulary Knowledge: The Case of Involvement Load Hypothesis
Authors: Tahmasbi Maryam , Farvardin Mohammad Taghi
Published: September 2017

This study examined the effects of task types on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge. To this end, 130 (70 female and 60 male) EFL learners were randomly assigned to one of six tasks of learning 30 target words. The design of the tasks was based on the involvement load hypothesis (ILH) arguing that learning of unfamiliar words to be contingent on the amount of task induced involvement. The components of involvement in ILH include need (N), search (S), and evaluation (E). In this study, the tasks induced the same or different involvement loads regarding the presence and strength of each component: paragraph writing (+N, +S, ++E), sentence writing (+N, +S, +E), combining (+N, –S, +E), fill in the blank (+N, –S, +E), translation (+N, –S, +E), and control (–N, –S, –E). After the last treatment session, both receptive and productive knowledge of the target words were measured. Moreover, a delayed posttest was administered 1 month later. The results revealed that all output tasks were more effective than the control task in enhancing the participants’ receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge. Moreover, paragraph writing task was found to be the most effective task.
The extent to which the passive voice is used in the scientific journal article, 1985–2015
Authors: Banks David
Published: September 2017

Some recent research has suggested that use of the passive voice in scientific writing has declined over the last few years. This study attempts to see to what extent that is true. The corpus consists of 32 scientific articles with 8 taken from the publications of the Royal Society of London for each of the years 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2015. Half of the articles are from Series A (physical sciences) publications and half from Series B (biological sciences). Overall there is some evidence that passive use has declined for multi-authored papers, although this is clearer in Series A than in Series B. This is supported by an increase in the use of active verbs with first person pronoun subjects in Series A multi-authored papers. There is a tendency for active verbs with first person pronoun subjects to occur in mental process rather than material process. It is hypothesized that the more personal nature of mental process lends itself to active first person pronoun use, and that an increase in articles based on mathematical modeling, as opposed to experimental reports, has led to an increase in the proportion of mental process verbs, particularly those related to mathematical calculation.
The effects of body mass index on treatment of paediatric femur fractures managed with flexible intramedullary nails
Authors: Nielsen E. , Andras L. M. , Bonsu N. , Goldstein R. Y.
Published: September 2017

Purpose

Traditionally, flexible intramedullary nails (FINs) are not to be used to fix femur fractures in patients > 50 kg (110 lbs). However, studies have not examined the efficacy of this technique in overweight and obese patients who may be under this ‘weight cutoff’. The purpose of this study was to assess how patient body mass index (BMI) impacts the treatment of paediatric femur fractures managed with FINs.

Methods

Retrospective data was collected on all paediatric patients treated with FINs for diaphyseal femur fractures at a single tertiary care institution over a ten-year period. BMI was calculated and categorised according to the Centre for Disease Control BMI Calculator for Children and Teens. Patients with comorbidities affecting bone quality were excluded.

Results

A total of 54 patients met inclusion criteria. In all, 14 patients were underweight, 20 were within a normal weight range, and 20 were overweight/obese. There was no correlation between BMI and mean shortening (underweight: 7.1 mm, normal weight: 5.2 mm, overweight/obese: 7.2 mm; p = 0.55). There was no correlation between BMI and mean anterior/posterior angulation (underweight: 3.1°, normal weight: 3.8°, overweight/obese: 3.3°; p = 0.93). There was no correlation between BMI and varus/valgus angulation (underweight: -0.86°, normal weight: -0.5°, overweight/obese: -1.25°; p = 0.89). Three cases fit malunion criteria. One of these patients fell into the ‘underweight’ category and two patients fell into the ‘normal weight’ category.

Conclusion

We found no association between BMI and malunion in FIN fixation of femoral diaphyseal fractures in children. All cases of malunion were seen in underweight or normal weight patients.
Pengembangan Alat Permainan My Costume untuk Menstimulasi Kecerdasan Visual-Spasial pada Anak Usia Dini Autis
Authors: Tejaningrum Dhiarti
Published: September 2017

Game is one of learning tools in early education for any children. My Costume is a game to stimule visual-spacial intellegence of children with autism. This tool is constructed from Research and Development (R&D) study which utilizes the theories of M. Alessi Stephen R. Stanley Trollip (development theory) and Howard Gardner (early education curricullum for children with autism). The stages of the research as follows: analysis, design and development. The development is conducted after obtaining validation from material/content expert, media specialist and limited experimental research. The research shows that the product of My Costume in general is appropriate to stimulate visual-spacial intellegence of children with autism in early education context. This is based on the of alpha tests from content expert is 4,6 (very good), alpha test from media specialist is 4,2 (good) whereas beta test obtains 4,27 (very good) and the final result is 4,06 (good). Pre-test visual-spacial intellegence assesment score is 2,18 (poor) and post-test is 3,45 (good). Nevertheless, we can conclude that the product of My Costume is very appopriate to be a visual-spacial learning tool for children with autism.
Evaluasi Implementasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta Mengenai Pendidikan Inklusi
Authors: Hanjarwati Astri , Aminah Siti
Published: September 2017

The main problem encountered in the field of education in Yogyakarta is the large number of children with special needs who do not get adequate educational services. Schools in the city of Yogyakarta tend to rejectandon the other hand, are lessaccessible to the crew. The number of complaints from the public push for education reformin the city of Yogyakarta, namely inclusive education. In 2008, drafted onthe concept of inclusive education policy in the city of Yogyakarta, which is then passed into the Mayor Regulation No.47 in 2008. With the inclusi on of education policy, the crew can obtain equivalent education with other normal children. A subsequent stage after the Mayoris Regulations Technical Guidance (technical guidelines) the implementation ofinclusive education. After completion oftechnical guidelines drawn up, the socialization and awareness of teachers in schools ranging from kindergarten tohigh school/vocational school in the city of Yogyakarta.
PRODADISA “Program Pemberdayaan Difabel Daksa” menuju Percontohan BKD (Balai Kerja Difabel) untuk Meningkatkan Kemandirian dan Life Skill Difabel
Authors: Aminah Siti , Suprihatiningrum Jamil , Hanjarwati Astri
Published: September 2017

Jumlah difabel daksa di kabupaten Bantul termasuk dalam kategori tinggi dibandingkan daerah lain, terutama pascagempa tahun 2006. Meskipun pemerintah telah memperhatikan keberlanjutan hidup yang layak bagi difabel, namun sampai saat ini, program pemberdayaan yang dilakukan pemerintah belum memberikan dampak yang signifikan bagi kemandirian dan life skills bagi para difabel daksa. Salah satu lembaga difabel yang berperan dalam program pemberdayaan ini adalah Paguyuban Bangkit Bersama (PBB). Forum ini merupakan wadah dari perwakilan DPO seluruh (17) kecamatan di Kabupaten Bantul. FPDB sudah memiliki berbagai macam kegiatan pemberdayaan, diantaranya pembuatan dan reparasi sepatu roda, kerajinan anyaman bambu, dan pembuatan meja kursi untuk cafe. Sayangnya, FPDB belum memiliki manajemen SDM yang bagus dan tertata rapi, di samping hasil produk dari program pemberdayaan yang sebenarnya sudah layak jual, namun proses pemasaran yang kurang dapat menarik pasar. Oleh karenaitu, melalui Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini akan diusulkan PRODADISA (Program Pemberdayaan Difabel Daksa) yang meliputi kegiatan assessment, kelanjutan program yang diselenggarakan PBB, dan evaluasi program pemberdayaan difabel yang selama ini telah dilakukan oleh PBB bersama pemda kabupaten Bantul. Tujuan PRODADISA adalah untuk: meningkatkan kemampuan difabel daksa anggota PBB dalam hal manajemen SDM; membentuk masyarakat difabel yang mandiri dalam berwirausaha; memberikan pelatihan teknologi informasi kepada anggota FPDB dalam mendukung usahanya; memberikan pelatihan menjahit dan pengembangan produk jahit yang marketable. Tujuan akhir dari kegiatan ini adalah FPDB menjadi percontohan Balai Kerja Difabel (BKD), sehingga sustainability kegiatan dapat terus terjaga.
Organization-Economic Mechanism For Financial Ensuring Of Marketing Activities Of Small Engineering Enterprises
Authors: Shpak Nestor , Kyrylych Tamara
Published: September 2017

The article outlines the features of marketing activity of small engineering enterprises (SEE), the usefulness of their union for joint financing their marketing activity is substantiated. It is argued that the best form of marketing efforts integration and cooperation is an association as a contractual organization that does not interfere in the function of its members, but only consolidates marketing activity. Based on this study, the organization and economical mechanism of creation and functioning of SEE Marketing Association is proposed and the financial terms of cooperation between SEE and consulting firms are investigated to ensure fair and favorable agreements on the amount of membership fees for enterprises – the members of SEE Marketing Association. The features and directions of the use of membership fees are studies and the benefits of the creation of such associations are shown. It was established that the activity of the SSE Marketing Association will focus on consolidating marketing efforts and professional mutual assistance of its members to meet the marketing interests, improving marketing activities, market research, protection of marketing interests of association members, forecasting market situations, finding new sales channels and organizing activities in them, selecting the most appropriate sales channels, effective solutions to the problem of planning the distribution of products between sales channels of members of the Association, development of proposals concerning elimination of undisciplined intermediaries.
Actual Problems Of Business Risk In SME Segment. Case Study From Slovakia
Authors: Belás Jaroslav , Bilan Yuriy , Ključnikov Aleksandr , Vincúrová Zuzana , Macháček Jiří
Published: September 2017

The aim of this article was to define, quantify and compare the significant attributes of business risk for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the selected regions of Slovakia. The data was collected through a questionnaire. The whole research was conducted in the Bratislava region on a sample of 102 SMEs, in the region of Trencin on a sample of 105 SMEs and in the Zilina region on a sample of 168 SMEs. Thus we compared important factors of business risk in the most economically developed region of the Slovak capital to the average regions of Trencin and Zilina. On the basis of the results of our research, we can conclude that the most important business risk is market risk in all regions. The average value of perceived market risk was higher than 50%. For this reason entrepreneurs have indicated the existence of negative trends in performance and profitability of their companies.
Towards Entrepreneurship: Reflections Between Theory and Practice
Authors: Benešová Tereza
Published: September 2017

The paper deals with the pragmatic need of linking theory and practice in the learning process, focusing on vocational education in economics and entrepreneurship education. In connection with selected alternative economic theories is shown the necessity of praxeological educational background and practical work experience in teaching process in entrepreneurship education. Results are based on the research, which was done in the framework of prepared dissertation thesis on the theme of entrepreneurship education from the perspectives of theory and the perspective of vocational school teachers of economics subjects. The results focus on the concept of entrepreneurship education preferred by teachers of the economical subjects at the secondary schools specialised in economics. The main aim of the research was to check, to what degree are the theoretical bases of the education of the entrepreneurship fulfilled in the reality of a secondary school specialised in economics. The results show that in the case of preferred aims of the respondents of our examination we could talk about the combination of creation of knowledge and preparation for the profession. It is confirmed that the teachers rely significantly on a prescribed list of educational topics, but at the same time the results clearly show that the respondents think about their subject and formative aspect of their classes through using of cross-sectional topic.
Ifrs Versus Cz Gaap: Influence of Construction Contracts on Financial Indicators
Authors: Havlová Kristýna
Published: September 2017

In 2009, 117 countries all over the world allowed to prepare financial statements according to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) including the Czech Republic. Between Czech General Accepted Accounting Principles (CZ GAAP) and IFRS are some differences involving reporting of noncurrent fixed assets, leasing, construction contracts etc. Using different accounting procedure we can get different value of assets and assets are one component that is used to calculate the financial performance indicators. Those indicators are then used by investors to assess the financial performance of companies and the application of IFRS instead of CZ GAAP can lead to distinct presentation of enterprise performance. In this paper we examine the influence of construction contract reporting using IFRS and CZ GAAP on financial indicators. IFRS leads to more stable development during the period when the project is in progress. In the last year when the project is finished the figures of both ratios (ROA and Z-score) are getting worse which is due to the lower percentage of the construction that is built in this year.
Self Service Technologies: A Cause of Unemployment
Authors: Otekhile Cathy-Austin , Zeleny Milan
Published: September 2017

The self-service technologies (SSTs) are fast changing the conventional way of transacting business by business organisations. The rapid innovation of self-service technologies and its adoption and usages in all facets of human systems is acclaimed to be fast rendering low skilled workers jobless. The major sectors of the economy in advanced economies have reached their peaks and can no longer provide new employment due to an increase in the productivity growth rate as a result of technology advances. These SSTs have in no small measure brought about an increase in productivity growth rate, cost reduction and anincrease in the speed of service delivery to customers. This paper examines if self-service technologies truly are the cause of persistent unemployment through a study of the long term metamorphosis of the major economic sectors in advanced economies. This study revealed that the SSTs presents both risks and opportunities.
Entrepreneurial Orientation in the Segment of Micro-Enterprises: Evidence from Czech Republic
Authors: Civelek Mehmet , Rahman Ashiqur , Kozubikova Ludmila
Published: September 2017

The objective of this comprehensive research is to identify and explore the dissimilarities of gender and education level of entrepreneurs and enterprises’ age with regards to entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in the segment of micro enterprises. All of the dimensions of EO are included such as innovativeness, risk taking, proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy for our analysis. The data that we have used for this study, was collected by a structured questionnaire during 2015 in Czech Republic, and consists of 1141 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and 740 of them are defined as micro enterprises by using the definition of European Commission. The empirical results of our study indicates a that university educated micro-entrepreneurs are more innovative and autonomous comparing with lower educated micro-entrepreneurs and also younger micro firms are more innovative, risk taker and proactive than the older micro firms. However, our results do not show any significant differences between men and women in relation to the all components of EO. Our result can be explained by having higher percentage of university educated women micro entrepreneurs comparing with their men counterparts and education may have a substitution effect on the gender based differences in the segment of micro firms.
Repayment Plan as Essential Instrument in Personal Bankruptcy in the Czech Republic
Authors: Randáková Monika , Bokšová Jiřina
Published: September 2017

It is possible to undergo a personal bankruptcy in the Czech Republic since 2008. The number of personal bankruptcies has been steadily rising in the country since the arrival of economic crisis in 2009. Because of that it is necessary to examine individuals who had undergone personal bankruptcy and by whom has been the process of personal bankruptcy already completed. Submitted research concerns debt relief of individuals who applied for personal bankruptcy in the time period between 1.1.2008 and 31.12.2011 and whose process of personal bankruptcy was declared as successfully completed until the first quarter of 2015. Until the end of the research this applied to 1.352 individuals. The main aim of the research was to find out the percentage of debt repaid to creditors by each individual with regard to their age. The research has been focused on dividing the sample of 1.352 individuals to different categories according to their age, source of their income and amount of their income. Particular debtors who applied for a personal bankruptcy, have been divided into four age groups. Each individual was afterwards analysed for the source of their income, from which the debts were repaid. Possible sources of income were divided into eleven groups. The researched sample of individuals was consequently divided according to the overall amount of their debt into five categories.
Prediction Model of Dividend Payment of Czech Joint Stock Companies
Authors: Sejkora František
Published: September 2017

The dividend payment is the very important part of investment decision for many stockholders. Results of this text identify finance factors that influence the management in dividend policy within the examined branch “Production and distribution of electric energy, gas and water”. Seven regressive models were created and they identify and define the effect of individual factors on the dividend payment among individual owner’s types. The retained earnings, the rate of return of invested assets in total and the size of company have the positive effect on the dividend payment. For the purpose of better interpretation the individual factors were quantified in form of the chance that the company will pay the dividend when compared to the fact that the company is not going to pay any dividend. The resulting regressive model was subsequently validated using the classification table and the receiver operating characteristic curve.
FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: EVIDENCE FROM TUNISIA
Authors: HAMDI HELMI , HAKIMI ABDELAZIZ , SBIA RASHID , BOUKEF JLASSI NABILA
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the liberalization of the financial sector has deteriorated the quality of the environment in Tunisia. To this end, we used data which covers the period from 1971 to 2011 and we applied an econometric model based on cointegration analysis and error correction techniques. The empirical results reveal strong evidence of the existence of a bidirectional causal relationship between per capita carbon emissions and per capita real income. On the one hand, this interdependency indicates that Tunisia needs more carbon dioxide emissions to realize prosperity and buoyant economic growth. On the other hand, more carbon dioxide emissions also stimulate higher economic growth. Therefore, policy makers should take the right decision on how to preserve environment quality without hampering economic growth.
USING LOCAL IMPROVEMENT CHARGES TO FINANCE SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS IN CANADA
Authors: BERTON HARRIS , ROSENBLOOM DANIEL , TEMBY OWEN , MEADOWCROFT JAMES
Published: September 2017

Despite rapidly falling costs, financing remains a serious barrier to the diffusion of distributed solar photovoltaics (PV) in Canada, a promising low-carbon electricity generation technology. We assess the potential of one financing program model, Property Assessed Payments for Energy Retrofits (PAPER), for the deployment of PV. This program design leverages Local Improvement Charges as a mechanism for financing energy investments, whereby annual income or cost-savings typically outweigh annual loan payments. We find there is significant potential for these programs to facilitate the deployment of PV in Canada. We conclude with recommendations linked to 6 possible objectives for PV-inclusive PAPER programs